bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self‐Powered Lithium Niobate Thin‐Film Photodetectors
Authors: Sun Xiaoli , Sheng Yan , Gao Xu , Liu Yue , Ren Feng , Tan Yang , Yang Zaixing , Jia Yuechen , Chen Feng
Published: July 2022

Thin‐film lithium niobate platform, namely lithium‐niobate‐on‐insulator (LNOI), brings new opportunities for integrated photonics, taking advantages from both outstanding crystalline properties and special structural features. The excellent properties of LNOI have triggered development of a variety of on‐chip photonic devices for light generation and manipulation. However, as an indispensable component for photonic circuit with full functionalities, the thin‐film photodetector lacks in portfolios of LNOI‐based devices due to standing obstacles of low electrical conductivity and poor photoelectric conversion ability. Here, a self‐powered broadband LNOI photodetector based on enhanced photovoltaic effect, benefitting from encapsulated plasmonic nanoparticles and doped silver ions, is reported. Maximum responsivity of 0.25 A W−1 and detectivity (1.56 × 1014 Jones) are achieved. First‐principle calculations and electric‐field simulation reveal intrinsic mechanisms and crucial roles of plasmonic nanoparticles and silver ions on photocurrent generation and collection. This work opens an avenue to develop high‐performance on‐chip LNOI photodetectors, offering a conceivable means toward multiple‐functional photonic circuits.
Performance‐based plastic design and seismic performance evaluation of twisted diagrids with shear links
Authors: Song Sirui , Zhang Chonghou
Published: July 2022

Twisted diagrid tube structures have become popular due to their significant lateral resistance and esthetic potential. However, the ductility and energy dissipation capacity of twisted diagrid structures are poor. This paper presents a seismic resilient fused structural system named the twisted diagrids with shear links (TDSL), and the performance‐based plastic design (PBPD) method is introduced for designing a 24‐story prototype structure. The numerical model of the TDSL prototype is established, then nonlinear static and dynamic analyses are conducted to evaluate the seismic behavior of the prototype. The results reveal that the TDSL system can significantly improve the post‐yield performance compared to the conventional twisted diagrid structure, and the performance objectives are achieved properly. Subsequently, incremental dynamic analyses are carried out to investigate the collapse fragility of the TDSL prototype, and the collapse risk of the prototype is assessed by FEMA P695. The results indicate that the TDSL prototype has satisfactory collapse‐resisting capacity under earthquakes. It is also found that corner columns can improve the seismic safety of the prototype against collapse. In general, the TDSL system is an appealing choice for twisted buildings in seismic regions.
Introduction: Perspectives on Reimagining Sustainable Organization
Authors: Jevnaker Birgit Helene , Olaisen Johan
Published: July 2022

How can we learn to lead and think greener, smarter, and healthier in our daily work? This chapter considers the rise of visions and goals towards more sustainable organization for both business and society. The landmarks of tomorrow seem to be broadly affected by management ideas on sustainability—whether by deep or shallow thinking. What can various sustainability orientations mean in an organization and management setting? The chapter offers concepts towards a multi-perspective framework for reimagining sustainable organization, grounded in process philosophy as well as dynamic views on arts, design, knowledge, and power to act with others.
Understanding Practices Through an Inclusive Philosophy of Experiencing: Insights from Four Art Museums
Authors: Jevnaker Birgit Helene , Olaisen Johan
Published: July 2022

The chapter discusses the inclusive knowledge philosophy fundamental for different modes of experiencing living enterprises. We combine two related philosophical lenses to enable fundamental understanding of concerted practices and strategic accomplishments for leadership and management. The American pragmatist philosopher John Dewey pointed to the importance of restoring the continuity between the refined and intensified experiences in our practices and everyday doings. He based this restoring on “the inclusive philosophic idea”. By this idea he was acknowledging the possibilities of imagination and associations among the social, technological-physical, natural, and mental modes. Another philosopher, the Norwegian Arne Naess, also highlighted imaginative experience and the human/nature interconnectedness including its potential joy and perseverance for individuals as well as organizations. We provide examples drawing on our own studies of four art museums. Given that rich knowledge endeavours are necessary to develop arts for society, how can valuable exhibition practices be accomplished in inclusive, resourceful ways? The chapter introduces a philosophical framework for how this might work. Dynamic art, design, and innovation processes are imaginative practices where the past, the present, and the future melt together. The imaginative experiencing in each museum place might be crucial not only for its recurrent co-creation but also for the make-believe of sustainable arts thinking.
Epigenomics of conventional type-I dendritic cells depicted preferential control of TLR9 versus TLR3 response by NCoR1 through differential IRF3 activation
Authors: Mishra Gyan Prakash , Jha Atimukta , Ahad Abdul , Sen Kaushik , Sen Aishwarya , Podder Sreeparna , Prusty Subhasish , Biswas Viplov Kumar , Gupta Bhawna , Raghav Sunil Kumar
Published: July 2022

Tight control of gene regulation in dendritic cells (DCs) is important to mount pathogen specific immune responses. Apart from transcription factor binding, dynamic regulation of enhancer activity through global transcriptional repressors like Nuclear Receptor Co-repressor 1 (NCoR1) plays a major role in fine-tuning of DC responses. However, how NCoR1 regulates enhancer activity and gene expression in individual or multiple Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation in DCs is largely unknown. In this study, we did a comprehensive epigenomic analysis of murine conventional type-I DCs (cDC1) across different TLR ligation conditions. We profiled gene expression changes along with H3K27ac active enhancers and NCoR1 binding in the TLR9, TLR3 and combined TLR9 + TLR3 activated cDC1. We observed spatio-temporal activity of TLR9 and TLR3 specific enhancers regulating signal specific target genes. Interestingly, we found that NCoR1 differentially controls the TLR9 and TLR3-specific responses. NCoR1 depletion specifically enhanced TLR9 responses as evident from increased enhancer activity as well as TLR9-specific gene expression, whereas TLR3-mediated antiviral response genes were negatively regulated. We validated that NCoR1 KD cDC1 showed significantly decreased TLR3 specific antiviral responses through decreased IRF3 activation. In addition, decreased IRF3 binding was observed at selected ISGs leading to their decreased expression upon NCoR1 depletion. Consequently, the NCoR1 depleted cDC1 showed reduced Sendai Virus (SeV) clearance and cytotoxic potential of CD8+ T cells upon TLR3 activation. NCoR1 directly controls the majority of these TLR specific enhancer activity and the gene expression. Overall, for the first time, we revealed NCoR1 mediates transcriptional control towards TLR9 as compared to TLR3 in cDC1.

Graphical abstract
The rate of venous thromboembolism after knee bone marrow concentrate procedures: should we anticoagulate?
Authors: Centeno Christopher J. , Money Brandon T. , Dodson Ehren , Stemper Ian , Steinmetz Neven J.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Intra-articular injections of autologous, minimally manipulated, cell therapies such as bone marrow concentrate (BMC) to treat knee osteoarthritis (OA) may delay or prevent future total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Arthroplasty has the known and substantial risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and requires routine prophylaxis, whereas the VTE risk associated with knee BMC injections is unknown. We report on the rate of VTE from a large orthobiologics patient registry and assess whether knee BMC procedures require routine prophylaxis.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of knee osteoarthritis cases tracked in a treatment registry and treated at 72 clinical sites with BMC from 2007 to 2020 who were not prophylactically anticoagulated was performed to identify adverse events (AEs) associated with VTE. Treating physicians were contacted to improve discovery of possible occurrences of VTE.

Results

Twenty cases (0.16%) of VTE were identified from the registry of 12,780 knee BMC treatments. These events were less frequent than the published data demonstrate for anticoagulated TKA patients.

Conclusion

Based on the rates of VTE from our retrospective treatment registry analysis compared to the risk of medication-induced haemorrhage, routine prophylactic anticoagulation is not recommended for intra-articular knee BMC procedures. Further research into safety and efficacy of BMC treatment for knee OA is warranted.

Clinical trial identifier

NCT03011398, retrospectively registered.
Synthesis, characterization, and biological activities of new conjugates of Guanosine grafted on polyvinyl alcohol, carbohydrate chitosan, and cellulose
Authors: El-Naggar Sabry A. , El-Barbary Ahmed A. , Hafez Yehia A. , Salama Wesam M. , Elkholy Hazem M. , Shaker Mohamed
Published: July 2022

Guanosine (GU) is a purine nucleoside that has different biological applications. This study aimed to synthesize, characterize, and enhance the biological activities of GU through its covalently grafting on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), chitosan (CS), and cellulose (CL). In this regard, the conjugation was constructed by different linkers such as chloroacetyl chloride, 2-bromopropionyl bromide, and epichlorohydrin (EPCH). The resulted novel conjugates were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GPC, and TGA techniques. FT-IR spectra revealed the main characteristic groups, O–H, N–H, C=O and C=N of GU moieties. Furthermore, 1H-NMR spectra showed the aromatic C–H, O–H, and N–H protons of the grafted GU moieties. Two decomposition stages of grated polymers with high thermal stability are illustrated by TGA. GU showed no antifungal activity against Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. However, its conjugates: P-1A, P-1B, P-2A, P-2B, P-3A, and P-3B displayed significant antifungal effect with inhibitory zones in the range 8–11 mm. As compared to GU group, most of GU-polymer conjugates showed significant in vivo antitumor activity against EAC-bearing mice via the reduction in total tumor volume. In summary, these conjugates are biologically active macromolecules and may act as candidate carrier systems for other applications such as drug delivery.
Muscle quality indices separately associate with joint-level power-related measures of the knee extensors in older males
Authors: Hirata Kosuke , Ito Mari , Nomura Yuta , Kawashima Chiho , Tsuchiya Yuma , Ooba Kosuke , Yoshida Tsukasa , Yamada Yosuke , Power Geoffrey A. , Tillin Neale A. , Akagi Ryota
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate associations of muscle quality indices with joint-level power-related measures in the knee extensors of thirty-two older males (65–88 years).

Methods

Muscle quality indices included: echo intensity, ratio of intracellular- to total water content (ICW/TW), and specific muscle strength. Echo intensity was acquired from the rectus femoris (EIRF) and vastus lateralis (EIVL) by ultrasonography. ICW/TW was computed from electrical resistance of the right thigh obtained by bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy. Specific muscle strength was determined as the normalized maximal voluntary isometric knee extension (MVIC) torque to estimated knee extensor volume. Isotonic maximal effort knee extensions with a load set to 20% MVIC torque were performed to obtain the knee extension power-related measures (peak power, rate of power development [RPD], and rate of velocity development [RVD]). Power and RPD were normalized to MVIC.

Results

There were no significant correlations between muscle quality indices except between EIRF and EIVL (|r|≤ 0.253, P ≥ 0.162). EIRF was negatively correlated with normalized RPD and RVD (r ≤  − 0.361, P ≤ 0.050). ICW/TW was positively correlated with normalized peak power (r = 0.421, P = 0.020). Specific muscle strength was positively correlated with absolute peak power and RPD (r ≥ 0.452, P ≤ 0.012).

Conclusion

Knee extension power-related measures were lower in participants with higher EI, lower ICW/TW, and lower specific muscle strength, but the muscle quality indices may be determined by independent physiological characteristics.
Bladed and bladeless conical trocars do not differ in terms of caused fascial defect size in a Porcine Model
Authors: Paasch Christoph , Mantke Anne , Hunger Richard , Mantke Rene
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Trocar insertion during laparoscopy may lead to complications such as bleeding, bowel puncture and fascial defects with subsequent trocar site hernias. It is under discussion whether there is a difference in the extent of the trauma and thus in the size of the fascia defect between blunt and sharp trocars. But the level of evidence is low. Hence, we performed a Porcine Model.

Methods

A total of five euthanized female pigs were operated on. The average weight of the animals was 37.85 (Standard deviation SD 1.68) kg. All pigs were aged 90 ± 5 days. In alternating order five different conical 12-mm trocars (3 × bladeless, 2 × bladed) on each side 4 cm lateral of the mammary ridge were placed. One surgeon performed the insertions after conducting a pneumoperitoneum with 12 mmHg using a Verres’ needle. The trocars were removed after 60 min. Subsequently, photo imaging took place. Using the GSA Image Analyser (v3.9.6) the respective abdominal wall defect size was measured.

Results

The mean fascial defect size was 58.3 (SD 20.2) mm2. Bladed and bladeless trocars did not significant differ in terms of caused fascial defect size [bladed, 56.6 (SD 20) mm2 vs. bladeless, 59.5 (SD 20.6) mm2, p = 0.7]. Without significance the insertion of bladeless trocars led to the largest (Kii Fios™ First entry, APPLIEDMEDICAL©, 69.3 mm2) and smallest defect size (VersaOne™ (COVIDIEN©, 54.1 mm2).

Conclusion

Bladed and bladeless conical 12-mm trocars do not differ in terms of caused fascial defect size in the Porcine Model at hand. The occurrence of a trocar site hernia might be largely independent from trocar design.
Prognostic value of left atrial volume index in degenerative mitral stenosis
Authors: Yedidya Idit , Butcher Steele C. , Stassen Jan , van der Bijl Pieter , Ngiam Jinghao Nicholas , Chew Nicholas W. S. , Sia Ching-Hui , Leow Ryan , Li Tony Yi-Wei , Kong William K. F. , Poh Kian Keong , Kornowski Ran , Marsan Nina Ajmone , Delgado Victoria , Bax Jeroen J.
Published: July 2022

Purpose

Degenerative mitral stenosis (DMS) is associated with a poor prognosis. Although mean transmitral gradient (TMG) has shown a good correlation with outcome, little is known about the association between other echocardiographic parameters and prognosis in patients with DMS. The current study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of left atrial volume index (LAVI) in patients with DMS.

Methods

A total of 155 patients with DMS (72[63–80] years, 67% female) were included. The population was divided according to LAVI: normal-sized LAVI (LAVI ≤ 34 ml/m2); and enlarged LAVI (> 34 ml/m2).

Results

Patients with enlarged LAVI had a higher left ventricular mass index (120[96–146] vs. 91[70–112] g/m2 p < 0.001), as well as a higher prevalence of significant mitral regurgitation and severe aortic stenosis (23% vs. 10% p = 0.046 and 38% vs. 15% p=0.001, respectively) compared to patients with normal-sized LAVI. During a median follow-up of 25 months, 56 (36%) patients died. Patients with enlarged LAVI had worse prognosis compared to patients with normal-sized LAVI (p = 0.026). In multivariable Cox regression model, an enlarged LAVI was independently associated with all-cause mortality (HR 2.009, 95% CI 1.040 to 3.880, P = 0.038).

Conclusion

An enlarged LAVI (> 34 ml/m2) is significantly associated with excess mortality in patients with DMS. After adjusting for potential confounders, an enlarged LAVI was the only parameter that remained independently associated with prognosis.
Stability analysis and control technology of gob-side entry retaining with double roadways by filling with high-water material in gently inclined coal seam
Authors: Xie Shengrong , Wang En , Chen Dongdong , Li Hui , Jiang Zaisheng , Yang Hongzeng
Published: July 2022

To ameliorate the defects of insufficient support resistance of traditional roadside filling bodies for gob-side entry retaining (GER), overcome the inability to adapt to the deformation of surrounding rock, and isolate the goaf effectively, a new type of high-water material as a roadside filling body for GER technology with double roadways was proposed. The instability analysis and control technology of GER with double roadways by filling high-water material into a gently inclined coal seam were studied. The basic mechanical properties of the new high-water material were investigated through laboratory experiments, and their main advantages were identified. The reasonable width of the roadside filling wall of a high-water material was obtained by combining ground pressure observation and theoretical calculations. The distribution characteristics of the stress and plastic zone of surrounding rock of GER after being stabilized by the disturbance of the working face were studied using numerical simulations, and the failure range of GER by filling with high-water material was revealed. Based on this, a coupling control technology of anchor cables and bolts + single props + metal mesh + anchor bolts is proposed. Through the coupling methods of arranging borehole peeping and observing the convergences of surrounding rock, the results demonstrate that GER with double roadways by filling with a 1.8-m-wide high-water material has a good control effect. The above research will play an active role in promoting the application of high-water materials in GER roadside filling.
Measurement of heat flow through vacuum insulating glass part 1: measurement area in direct thermal contact with specimen
Authors: Kocer Cenk , Aronen Antti , Collins Richard , Asano Osamu , Ogiso Yumi
Published: July 2022

Non-uniformities in the heat flow through the support pillars in vacuum insulating glass (VIG) can lead to significant errors in the measurement of the thermal insulating properties of these devices. This paper discusses these errors in instruments for which the measurement area is in direct thermal contact with the glass sheets. The spatial non-uniformities of the heat flow in different VIG designs are modelled using the finite element method. For measuring areas with large dimension compared with the separation of the support pillars, the errors are unacceptably large for all practical designs of VIG when using guarded hot plate instruments. These errors are less for heat flow meter instruments due to the construction of the heat flux transducer.
Mercator's Geometric Method in the Construction of His Projection from 1569
Authors: Pápay Gyula
Published: July 2022

The geometric method Mercator used to construct his projection from 1569 was reconstructed. Modern mathematical means are required for the computational creation of Mercator’s projection. It could be proven that Mercator worked out his projection exclusively with compass and linear. The methodological principles established by Ptolemy were used and further developed by Mercator. However, he did not describe his method and so an enigma of Mercator projection emerged.
Understanding the Mott insulating state in 1T-TaS2 and 1T-TaSe2
Authors: Fei Ying , Wu Zongxiu , Zhang Wenhao , Yin Yi
Published: July 2022

In this article, we review the recent progress of the scanning tunneling microscopy studies of 1T-TaS2 and 1T-TaSe2 for bulk single crystals and molecular beam epitaxy monolayer films. We focus on how to understand the Mott insulating state in the whole set of materials, even when the stacking order takes effect. Based on this understanding, we discuss tuning the Mott insulator to a metallic state with different techniques, with Mott physics information revealed from the tuning process. The Kondo physics and quantum spin liquid state of 1T-TaS2 and 1T-TaSe2 are further discussed. This good platform of strong correlation must bring more intriguing phenomenon and physics in the future.
Climate Extremes are Becoming More Frequent, Co-occurring, and Persistent in Europe
Authors: Pradhan Prajal , Seydewitz Tobias , Zhou Bin , Lüdeke Matthias K. B. , Kropp Juergen P.
Published: July 2022

With global warming, many climate extremes are becoming more frequent, often co-occurring, or repeatedly occurring in consecutive years. However, only limited studies have investigated these changes of climate extremes together. We study these changes in Europe for the last seven decades (1950–2019) based on 39 climate indices to identify climate extreme hotspots and coldspots. These indices belong to the four climate index groups: cold, heat, drought, and precipitation. Compared to the first half of the study period (1950–1984), most of our study locations faced heat extremes that are more frequent and occurring in consecutive years in the second half (1985–2019). However, the number of cold extremes has decreased in most locations. Simultaneously, some locations, mainly the Mediterranean region, faced an increase in droughts while others, e.g., parts of Eastern Europe and Northern Europe, experienced more intense precipitation. Two or more of these cold, heat, drought, and precipitation extremes have also co-occurred in a few locations of our study area in the same year. Our study highlights that climate extremes are becoming more frequent, co-occurrent, and persistent in Europe. These changes in climate extremes are associated with climate change. Therefore, we could infer that climate change mitigation is crucial for limiting these extremes.
The MeerTime Pulsar Timing Array: A census of emission properties and timing potential
Authors: Spiewak R. , Bailes M. , Miles M. T. , Parthasarathy A. , Reardon D. J. , Shamohammadi M. , Shannon R. M. , Bhat N. D. R. , Buchner S. , Cameron A. D. , Camilo F. , Geyer M. , Johnston S. , Karastergiou A. , Keith M. , Kramer M. , Serylak M. , van Straten W. , Theureau G. , Venkatraman Krishnan V.
Published: July 2022

MeerTime is a five-year Large Survey Project to time pulsars with MeerKAT, the 64-dish South African precursor to the Square Kilometre Array. The science goals for the programme include timing millisecond pulsar (MSPs) to high precision (${<} 1 \unicode{x03BC} \mathrm{s}$) to study the Galactic MSP population and to contribute to global efforts to detect nanohertz gravitational waves with the International Pulsar Timing Array (IPTA). In order to plan for the remainder of the programme and to use the allocated time most efficiently, we have conducted an initial census with the MeerKAT ‘L-band’ receiver of 189 MSPs visible to MeerKAT and here present their dispersion measures, polarisation profiles, polarisation fractions, rotation measures, flux density measurements, spectral indices, and timing potential. As all of these observations are taken with the same instrument (which uses coherent dedispersion, interferometric polarisation calibration techniques, and a uniform flux scale), they present an excellent resource for population studies. We used wideband pulse portraits as timing standards for each MSP and demonstrated that the MeerTime Pulsar Timing Array (MPTA) can already contribute significantly to the IPTA as it currently achieves better than$1\,\unicode{x03BC}\mathrm{s}$timing accuracy on 89 MSPs (observed with fortnightly cadence). By the conclusion of the initial five-year MeerTime programme in 2024 July, the MPTA will be extremely significant in global efforts to detect the gravitational wave background with a contribution to the detection statistic comparable to other long-standing timing programmes.
Development in Decolonization: Walter Rodney, Third World Developmentalism, and “Decolonizing Political Theory”
Authors: TEMIN DAVID MYER
Published: July 2022

Developmentalism is the idea that progress entails the temporal movement of societies along a universal trajectory. Prevailing accounts conceptualize Eurocentric developmental discourses as ideological weapons of imperial domination, specifically because they defer colonial claims to popular self-rule. Rejecting the idea that these historical entanglements exhaust the meanings of developmental thought, this article sheds light on anticolonial debates over developmentalism. Turning to Guyanese scholar-activist Walter Rodney, it reconstructs what I call “popular anticolonial developmentalism,” as a way of construing popular legitimation in actual contexts of anticolonial and postcolonial politics. From the premise that capitalist-imperialism “deflected” the historical motion of colonized societies, popular anticolonial developmentalism places the agencies of progressive transformation with democratically empowered popular subjects. Shifting the lens of “decolonizing political theory” from epistemic critique to worldly anticolonialism shows how developmentalism became a primary idiom for contesting and reimagining anticolonial futures. In turn, anticolonial practices reshaped developmentalism’s very conceptual parameters.
Product Market Competition and FDI Decisions
Authors: Loncan Tiago
Published: July 2022

I examine whether competition from domestic industry rivals affects firms’ proclivity to undertake foreign direct investment (FDI) and their country location choices. I find that competition affects foreign production decisions and the geography of international investments. While firms enduring stiffer competition are significantly less likely to undertake FDI, this effect is heterogeneous across firms. Competition deters FDI more strongly when costs are heavier, whereas it has weaker effects when efficiency is higher, growth opportunities are valuable, and cash reserves are higher. FDI location models suggest that when going abroad, firms facing stronger competition are more likely to pursue economies of productivity and taxation.
Does Finance Make Us Less Social?
Authors: Cronqvist Henrik , Warachka Mitch , Yu Frank
Published: July 2022

Informal risk sharing within social networks and formal financial contracts both enable households to manage risk. We find that financial contracting reduces participation in social networks. Specifically, increased crop insurance usage decreased local religious adherence and congregation membership in agricultural communities. Our identification utilizes the Federal Crop Insurance Reform Act of 1994 that doubled crop insurance usage nationally within a year, although changes in usage varied across counties. Difference-in-difference and Spatial First Difference tests confirm that households substituted insurance for religiosity. This substitution was associated with reductions in crop diversification and crop yields, indicating an increase in moral hazard.
The Opening Dilemma: Why Democracies Cannot Found Themselves
Authors: Bensel Richard
Published: July 2022

Democratic states often claim that their authority rests upon the “will of the people” as expressed through representative institutions. However, there is an irresolvable conundrum that undermines that claim: the “opening dilemma” that invariably attends the founding of democratic states during which those representative institutions are created. While familiar to democratic theorists, the “opening dilemma” has many hitherto unexplored dimensions, among them its actual occurrence in democratic politics. Using the 1869 Illinois Constitutional Convention as a case study, the article demonstrates why individual preferences cannot effect a founding without the intervention of arbitrary and thus undemocratic authority. The conclusion suggests why the opening dilemma might become a serious threat to American democracy if the nation were to attempt to convene a new constitutional convention.
9-1-1 Caller-Described Heart Attack Symptoms
Authors: Scott Greg , Olola Christopher , Miko Matthew , Patterson Brett , Quigg Joleen , Davis Chris , Lindfors Richard , Tidwell Jayme , Pagenkop Kevin , Lofgren John , Fox Jaci , Clawson Jeff
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Heart attacks (HAs) present clinically with varying symptoms, which are not always described by patients as chest pain (CP) or chest discomfort (CD). Emergency Medical Dispatchers (EMDs) select the CP/CD dispatch protocol for non-chest pain HA symptoms or classic HA complaint of CP/CD. Nevertheless, it is still unknown how often callers report HA symptoms other than CP/CD.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to characterize the caller’s descriptions of the primary HA symptoms, descriptions of the other HA symptoms, and the use of a case entry (CE) question clarifier.

Methods:

A retrospective descriptive study analyzed randomly selected EMD audios (where CD/CD protocol was used) from five accredited emergency communication centers in the United States. Several Quality Performance Review (QPR) experts reviewed the audios and recorded callers’ initial problem descriptions, the use of and responses to the CE question clarifier, including the EMD-assigned final determinant code.

Results:

A total of 1,261 audios were reviewed. The clarifier was used only 8.5% of the time. The CP/CD symptoms were mentioned alone or with other problems 87.0% of the time. Overall, CP symptom was mentioned alone 70.8%, HA alone 4.0%, and CD symptom alone 1.4% of the time.

Conclusion:

9-1-1 callers report potential HA cases using a variety of terms and descriptions—most commonly CP. Other less-common symptoms associated with a HA may be mentioned. Therefore, EMDs must be well-trained to be prepared to probe the caller with a clarifying query to elicit more specific information when “having a heart attack” is the only complaint initially mentioned.
The “Social Question” as a Democratic Question: Louis Blanc'sOrganization of Labor
Authors: Gerçek Salih Emre
Published: July 2022

Recent studies have identified the revival of the idea of democracy in early nineteenth-century French thought. This article recovers one important reason behind this revival: democracy became a response to another debate that emerged during that period—the “social question.” Although not well known in the English-speaking world, Louis Blanc was one of the most important socialist figures during the July Monarchy in France. Examining Blanc'sOrganization of Labor, this article shows how Blanc mobilized democracy to challenge the July Monarchy's exclusionary representative government and its reduction of the “social question” to pauperism. Blanc argued that industrial competition created a system of domination and proposed democratic reorganization of labor as a way to promote the common good. Blanc reformulated the “social question” as a democratic question, arguing that poverty and class domination can be solved not by administrative measures but through democratic participation in work and in the republic.
Ethnic inequities in multimorbidity among people with psychosis: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Fonseca de Freitas D. , Pritchard M. , Shetty H. , Khondoker M. , Nazroo J. , Hayes R. D. , Bhui K.
Published: July 2022

Aims

Research shows persistent ethnic inequities in mental health experiences and outcomes, with a higher incidence of illnesses among minoritised ethnic groups. People with psychosis have an increased risk of multiple long-term conditions (MLTC; multimorbidity). However, there is limited research regarding ethnic inequities in multimorbidity in people with psychosis. This study investigates ethnic inequities in physical health multimorbidity in a cohort of people with psychosis.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, using the Clinical Records Interactive Search (CRIS) system, we identified service-users of the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder, and then additional diagnoses of diabetes, hypertension, low blood pressure, overweight or obesity and rheumatoid arthritis. Logistic and multinomial logistic regressions were used to investigate ethnic inequities in odds of multimorbidity (psychosis plus one physical health condition), and multimorbidity severity (having one or two physical health conditions, or three or more conditions), compared with no additional health conditions (no multimorbidity), respectively. The regression models adjusted for age and duration of care and investigated the influence of gender and area-level deprivation.

Results

On a sample of 20 800 service-users with psychosis, aged 13–65, ethnic differences were observed in the odds for multimorbidity. Controlling for sociodemographic factors and duration of care, compared to White British people, higher odds of multimorbidity were found for people of Black African [adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.41, 95% Confidence Intervals (1.23–1.56)], Black Caribbean [aOR = 1.79, 95% CI (1.58–2.03)] and Black British [aOR = 1.64, 95% CI (1.49–1.81)] ethnicity. Reduced odds were observed among people of Chinese [aOR = 0.61, 95% CI (0.43–0.88)] and Other ethnic [aOR = 0.67, 95% CI (0.59–0.76)] backgrounds. Increased odds of severe multimorbidity (three or more physical health conditions) were also observed for people of any Black background.

Conclusions

Ethnic inequities are observed for multimorbidity among people with psychosis. Further research is needed to understand the aetiology and impact of these inequities. These findings support the provision of integrated health care interventions and public health preventive policies and actions.
Resistance to 2,4-D in Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) from Kansas is mediated by enhanced metabolism
Authors: Shyam Chandrima , Peterson Dallas E. , Jugulam Mithila
Published: July 2022

A Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson) population (KCTR: KS Conservation Tillage Resistant) collected from a conservation tillage field was confirmed with resistance to herbicides targeting at least six sites of action, including 2,4-D. The objectives of this research were using KCTR A. palmeri to investigate (1) the level of 2,4-D resistance, (2) 2,4-D absorption and translocation profiles, (3) the rate of 2,4-D metabolism compared with 2,4-D–tolerant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and (4) the possible role of cytochrome P450s (P450s) in mediating resistance. Dose–response experiments were conducted to assess the level of 2,4-D resistance in KCTR compared with susceptible plants, KSS (KS 2,4-D susceptible) and MSS (MS 2,4-D susceptible). KSS, MSS, and KCTR plants were treated with [14C]2,4-D to determine absorption, translocation, and metabolic patterns. Additionally, whole-plant dose–response assays were conducted by treating KCTR and KSS plants with P450 inhibitors (malathion, piperonyl butoxide [PBO]) before 2,4-D application. Dose–response experiments indicated a 6- to 11-fold 2,4-D resistance in KCTR compared with susceptible plants. No difference was found in percent [14C]2,4-D absorption among the populations. However, 10% less and 3 times slower translocation of [14C]2,4-D was found in KCTR compared with susceptible plants. Importantly, [14C]2,4-D was metabolized faster in KCTR than susceptible plants. At 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT), KCTR metabolized ∼20% to 30% more [14C]2,4-D than susceptible plants. KCTR plants and wheat generated metabolites with similar polarity. Nonetheless, at 24 HAT, ∼70% of [14C]2,4-D was metabolized in wheat, compared with only 30% in KCTR A. palmeri. Application of malathion before 2,4-D increased the sensitivity to 2,4-D in KCTR, suggesting involvement of P450s in mediating 2,4-D metabolism. However, no such impact of PBO was documented. Overall, this study confirms that enhanced metabolism is the primary mechanism of 2,4-D resistance in KCTR.
An Objective Quality Control of Surface Contamination Observations for ABI Water Vapor Radiance Assimilation
Authors: Li Zhenglong , Ma Zheng , Wang Pei , Lim Agnes H. N. , Li Jun , Jung James A. , Schmit Timothy J. , Huang Hung‐Lung
Published: July 2022

A quality control (QC) process which handles surface impacts is an important step toward successful assimilation of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) water vapor (WV) band radiances. If the QC is too relaxed, many surface contaminated radiances get assimilated. If the QC is too stringent, useful radiances are rejected. Either way can result in reduced or even compromised observation impacts. A new machine learning‐based QC scheme for the three ABI WV bands is developed and optimized to help understand the importance and effectiveness of the scheme. Unlike previous schemes which are dependent on the background, this scheme extracts and blends the surface information from 7 ABI bands (bands 8–10, 13–16) to determine if a WV radiance is affected by the surface. Simulation studies show that the new QC scheme is effective in retaining radiances that are either unaffected by the surface or have very small surface contamination. It is highly effective in rejecting radiances with large surface contamination. Numerical experiments from a single case study of Hurricane Harvey (2017) were carried out to optimize the QC and to understand the potential impacts on forecasts. The use of the new QC scheme shows that radiances from each WV band have substantially added value. Combining them has a positive impact on hurricane track forecasts compared with existing QC schemes. Hence, it is critical that an optimized QC scheme is used for infrared WV radiance assimilation. It provides a balance between positive impacts from useful radiances and negative impacts from surface contaminated radiances.
Are We at Risk of Losing the Current Generation of Climate Researchers to Data Science?
Authors: Jain Shipra , Mindlin Julia , Koren Gerbrand , Gulizia Carla , Steadman Claudia , Langendijk Gaby S. , Osman Marisol , Abid Muhammad A. , Rao Yuhan , Rabanal Valentina
Published: July 2022

Climate model output has progressively increased in size over the past decades and is expected to continue to rise in the future. Consequently, the research time expended by Early Career Researchers (ECRs) on data‐intensive activities is displacing the time spent in fostering novel scientific ideas and expanding the frontiers of climate sciences. Here, we highlight an urgent need for a better balance between data‐intensive and foundational climate science activities, more open‐ended research opportunities that reinforce the scientific freedom of the ECRs, and strong coordinated action to provide infrastructure and resources to the ECRs working in under‐resourced environments.
Compound Post‐Fire Flood Hazards Considering Infrastructure Sedimentation
Authors: Jong‐Levinger Ariane , Banerjee Tirtha , Houston Douglas , Sanders Brett F.
Published: July 2022

Flood and debris hazards are heightened following wildfires, but are challenging to quantify due to interdependence between fire frequency and severity, runoff and sediment fluxes during storms, and sedimentation that reduces infrastructure capacity. Herein we present a stochastic simulation framework to estimate compound flood and debris hazards from sequences of wildfires and rainstorms and the accumulation of sediment within flood infrastructure. Application of the framework to a hypothetical watershed representative of southern California shows that the present‐day compound hazard may be up to 6 times greater than the marginal hazard posed by peak flows in the absence of wildfire, and that future compound hazards could be up to 11 times greater than the marginal hazard based on future increases in wildfire frequency. Numerous sensitivities are investigated, including infrastructure design and maintenance, which are shown to be crucial for moderating future increases in post‐fire flood hazards.
Diurnal Variation Mechanisms of the Zonal Shear Line Inducing Anomalous Heavy Precipitation Over the Tibetan Plateau in Boreal Summer
Authors: Liu Qiaohua , Yao Xiuping
Published: July 2022

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is one of the regions with the most remarkable diurnal variations in the global atmosphere. The zonal shear line (ZSL) is the primary synoptic system inducing precipitation over the TP in boreal summer. It is of great significance in studying its diurnal variation. This study objectively identified and composited 11 ZSL cases inducing anomalous heavy precipitation based on the ERA5 hourly reanalysis datasets from June to August during 1980–2019. The diurnal variation characteristics and mechanisms of ZSL’s intensity were explored based on the composited ZSL. Results suggest that the intensity of ZSL has significant diurnal variation, reaching the peak at midnight (about 23 Local Solar Time). The dynamical and thermal structures near the ZSL both show significant diurnal variations. There is a significant heating effect near the ZSL after sunrise, followed by strong divergence (convergence) in the upper (lower) layer and significant increases in water vapor flux convergence and ascending motions. The vorticity is strongest at midnight. Diagnosis by the complete‐form vertical vorticity tendency equation reveals that the thermal effect, dominated by vertically non‐uniform distribution of atmospheric diabatic heating, is the most crucial factor affecting the diurnal variation of ZSL’s intensity. The configuration of solar radiation and sensible heat in the near‐ground layer and latent heat in the middle and upper layers jointly dominate the vertically non‐uniform heating. The horizontally non‐uniform heating only contributes little to the local change of vorticity at 500 hPa. Ascending motion and vorticity advection have only weak effects.
Detecting Hot Spots of Methane Flux Using Footprint‐Weighted Flux Maps
Authors: Rey‐Sanchez Camilo , Arias‐Ortiz Ariane , Kasak Kuno , Chu Housen , Szutu Daphne , Verfaillie Joseph , Baldocchi Dennis
Published: July 2022

In this study, we propose a new technique for mapping the spatial heterogeneity in gas exchange around flux towers using flux footprint modeling and focusing on detecting hot spots of methane (CH4) flux. In the first part of the study, we used a CH4 release experiment to evaluate three common flux footprint models: the Hsieh model (Hsieh et al., 2000), the Kljun model (Kljun et al., 2015), and the K & M model (Kormann and Meixner, 2001), finding that the K & M model was the most accurate under these conditions. In the second part of the study, we introduce the Footprint‐Weighted Flux Map, a new technique to map spatial heterogeneity in fluxes. Using artificial CH4 release experiments, natural tracer approaches and flux chambers we mapped the spatial flux heterogeneity, and detected and validated a hot spot of CH4 flux in a oligohaline restored marsh. Through chamber measurements during the months of April and May, we found that fluxes at the hot spot were on average as high as 6589 ± 7889 nmol m−2 s−1 whereas background flux from the open water were on average 15.2 ± 7.5 nmol m−2 s−1. This study provides a novel tool to evaluate the spatial heterogeneity of fluxes around eddy‐covariance towers and creates important insights for the interpretation of hot spots of CH4 flux, paving the way for future studies aiming to understand subsurface biogeochemical processes and the microbiological conditions that lead to the occurrence of hot spots and hot moments of CH4 flux.
Solute Transport in a Doublet‐Type Flow Configuration Through a Weakly Heterogeneous Porous Formation
Authors: Severino Gerardo , De Paola Francesco
Published: July 2022

Steady flow generated by an injecting and a pumping well (doublet) takes place in a porous formation where the spatially variable hydraulic conductivity K is modeled as a stationary, lognormal, random field with anisotropic two‐point autocorrelation. The latter is characterized by a vertical integral scale, that is, Iv, smaller than the horizontal one, that is, I. A solute, either passive or reactive, is injected in the medium, and we aim at computing the breakthrough curve (BTC) and its moments not only at the recovery (pumping) well, but also at any location between the two wells. The strong coupling between K and the nonuniformity of the flow renders the problem very difficult. Nevertheless, a simple (analytical) solution is obtained by adopting a few assumptions: (a) wells are replaced by lines of singularity, (b) a perturbation solution which regards the variance of the log‐conductivity Y = ln K as a perturbation parameter is employed, (c) the study is limited to strongly anisotropic heterogeneous formations (for which the anisotropy ratio λ = Iv/I is much smaller than one), and (d) the impact of pore‐scale dispersion is neglected. Central for the computation of the BTC is the statistics of the travel time of a fluid particle released at the injecting well and reaching a control plane located at any position x1 along the distance connecting the two wells. It is shown that the spatial variability of Y acts de facto like a dispersion mechanism: it enhances spreading, especially in the early arrivals. Useful closed form expressions for moments of the travel time along the central trajectory are also obtained. Finally, the theoretical framework presented in this study is applied to two transport experiments in order to compute the second‐order (temporal) moment as function of x1, and therefore to quantify dispersion occurring in the zone delimited by the two wells.
Perceived discrimination as a modifier of health, disease, and medicine: empirical data from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Thomason Moriah E. , Hendrix Cassandra L. , Werchan Denise , Brito Natalie H.
Published: July 2022

Increasing reports of long-term symptoms following COVID-19 infection, even among mild cases, necessitate systematic investigation into the prevalence and type of lasting illness. Notably, there is limited data regarding the influence of social determinants of health, like perceived discrimination and economic stress, that may exacerbate COVID-19 health risks. Here, 1,584 recovered COVID-19 patients that experienced mild to severe forms of disease provided detailed medical and psychosocial information. Path analyses examined hypothesized associations between discrimination, illness severity, and lasting symptoms. Secondary analyses evaluated sex differences, timing of infection, and impact of prior mental health problems. Post hoc logistic regressions tested social determinants hypothesized to predict neurological, cognitive, or mood symptoms. 70.6% of patients reported presence of one or more lasting symptom after recovery. 19.4% and 25.1% of patients reported lasting mood or cognitive/memory problems. Perceived discrimination predicted increased illness severity and increased lasting symptom count, even when adjusting for sociodemographic factors and mental/physical health comorbidities. This effect was specific to stress related to discrimination, not to general stress levels. Further, patient perceptions regarding quality of medical care influenced these relationships. Finally, illness early in the pandemic is associated with more severe illness and more frequent lasting complaints. Lasting symptoms after recovery from COVID-19 are highly prevalent and neural systems are significantly impacted. Importantly, psychosocial factors (perceived discrimination and perceived SES) can exacerbate individual health risk. This study provides actionable directions for improved health outcomes by establishing that sociodemographic risk and medical care influence near and long-ranging health outcomes. All data from this study have been made publicly available.