bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliações Sistêmicas: recomendações dos organismos internacionais para os países latino-americanos
Authors: Santos Fabiano Antonio dos , Real Giselle Cristina Martins
Published: December 2024

RESUMO Objetiva-se apresentar o contexto político e social em que as avaliações sistêmicas vêm se desenvolvendo na América Latina. As discussões seguem em duas direções, uma para explicitar a centralidade da avaliação sistêmica na agenda estruturada mundialmente, e outra para desvelar os discursos que os Organismos Internacionais têm assumido nos anos 1990 e 2000. Essas duas direções bifurcam-se no ponto de confluência qualidade da educação e aprendizagem. Adota-se, como procedimento metodológico, a pesquisa documental e bibliográfica, de forma a avançar essa pauta de discussão para o contexto dos anos 2000, ainda pouco explorado sob essa vertente. A temática propicia, ainda, a conjunção de pesquisadores da área da política educacional que se dedicam às análises desses objetos: a avaliação sistêmica e as diretrizes dos organismos internacionais, o que possibilita diversos olhares, sintetizados no formato deste dossiê. Observa-se que os organismos internacionais trazem, como discurso, a adoção de padrões educacionais de excelência, por meio da avaliação sistêmica. Esse discurso é denunciado criticamente pela literatura da área, na busca da indicação de propostas que rompam com a lógica performática que hoje prevalece na maioria dos países latino-americanos.
IMPULSIVENESS AS A CREATIVE AND PLAYFUL PROCESS OF DISCOVERY: A STUDY ON ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH TREASURE HUNTING, SERENDIPITY, AND BRICOLAGE IN SECOND-HAND MARKETS
Authors: Campos Patrícia de Oliveira , Porto-Bellini Carlo G. , Pereira Rita de Cássia de Faria , Lins Samuel Lincoln Bezerra , Costa Marconi Freitas da
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT The literature on buying impulsiveness has overlooked that impulsiveness can be part of a creative and playful process of discovery. This study addresses this gap by investigating the attitudes of shoppers who experience impulsiveness during the practice of bricolage in second-hand markets. With an online survey and structural equation modeling, we analyzed data from 775 shoppers and found that treasure hunting attitudes and serendipity awareness trigger impulsiveness in second-hand markets, both of which are antecedents of the creative processes involved in bricolage behavior. We contribute to the extant literature by offering a parsimonious explanatory model for how impulsiveness, treasure hunting, serendipity, and bricolage behavior can be part of a creative and playful process of consumption, calling for a positive view on impulsiveness rather than the mostly negative one.
IMPULSIVIDADE COMO UM PROCESSO CRIATIVO E LÚDICO DE DESCOBERTA: UM ESTUDO SOBRE SUA RELAÇÃO COM A CAÇA AO TESOURO, A SERENDIPIDADE E A BRICOLAGEM EM MERCADOS DE SEGUNDA MÃO
Authors: Campos Patrícia de Oliveira , Porto-Bellini Carlo G. , Pereira Rita de Cássia de Faria , Lins Samuel Lincoln Bezerra , Costa Marconi Freitas da
Published: December 2024

RESUMO A literatura sobre impulsividade de compra tem negligenciado que a impulsividade pode fazer parte de processos criativos e lúdicos de descoberta. Para preencher essa lacuna, este estudo investiga as atitudes de consumidores que vivenciam impulsividade durante a prática de bricolagem em mercados de segunda mão. Por meio de um levantamento on-line e modelagem por equações estruturais, foram analisados dados de 775 consumidores, descobrindo que a atitude de caça ao tesouro dispara a impulsividade nesses mercados e a consciência de serendipidade, ambas sendo antecedentes de processos criativos na prática da bricolagem. Este estudo contribui para a literatura ao oferecer um modelo explicativo parcimonioso sobre como a impulsividade, a caça ao tesouro, a serendipidade e a prática da bricolagem podem fazer parte de processos criativos e lúdicos de consumo, promovendo uma visão positiva da impulsividade, em contraste com a visão tradicional majoritariamente negativa.
Prevalence and factors associated with body image dissatisfaction among school student: National School Health Survey, 2019
Authors: Linhares Ingride Sousa , Cardoso Osmar de Oliveira , Andrade Jesusmar Ximenes , Nascimento Fernando Ferraz do , Rodrigues Malvina Thais Pacheco , Mascarenhas Márcio Dênis Medeiros
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT Objective To estimate prevalence and analyze factors associated with body image dissatisfaction among Brazilian adolescent school students. Methods Cross-sectional study with data from the 2019 National School Health Survey (PeNSE). Prevalence of self-reported body image dissatisfaction and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and its association with individual characteristics were estimated via odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI using logistic regression. Results Of the 159,245 students, 30.2% (95%CI 29.2;31.1) reported body image dissatisfaction, which was associated with all factors analyzed. Likelihood of dissatisfaction was greater among females (OR = 3.86; 95%CI 3.45;4.32), having internet at home (OR = 8.68; 95%CI 6.83;11.03), thinking that no one cares about them (OR = 3.02; 95%CI 2.60;3.50), that life is not worth it (OR = 3.27; 95%CI 2.88;3.72) and feeling irritated (OR = 2.87; 95%CI 2.53;3.26). Conclusion Body image dissatisfaction is associated with various factors and requires an intersectoral approach.
The use of psychiatric medications and associated factors among people receiving care at a transgender outpatient clinic in Southern Brazil, 2021-2022
Authors: Gimenes Bruna dos Passos , Damaceno Adalvane Nobres , Rocha Andrei Fernandes da , Thomazi Guilherme Lamperti , Aguilar Gabriela Tizianel
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT Objective To investigate the prevalence of psychiatric medication use and sociodemographic factors, including gender identity, age, race/skin color, education level, formal employment, and access to Primary Health Care (PHC) centers, among individuals receiving care at a transgender outpatient clinic in Southern Brazil. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study using administrative data from the information systems of the Municipal Health Department of Porto Alegre, the capital city of Rio Grande do Sul state, collected between 2021 and 2022. Results : This study analyzed 629 records of individuals who accessed the outpatient clinic and found a 29% prevalence (95%CI 25;32) of psychiatric medication use, with the most frequent class being psychoanaleptics (45%), especially fluoxetine (31%). Conclusion In addition to a trend toward mixed-race race/skin color and incomplete elementary school, transgender people aged 40 to 49 years and with access to a Primary Health Care center were more likely to use psychiatric medications.
Tendência temporal e características das notificações de violências autoprovocada e interpessoal na população transgênera nos municípios brasileiros, 2015-2022
Authors: Marinho Neto Kelly Roberta Estrela , Tomazelli Jeane , Girianelli Vania Reis
Published: December 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar a tendência temporal e características das notificações de violências ocorridas na população transgênera no período de 2015 a 2022, nos municípios brasileiros. Métodos Estudo epidemiológico do tipo painéis repetidos, com base em dados de violência ocorrida na população transgênera de 20 a 59 anos, disponíveis no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação. Realizada análise de tendência temporal anual por regressão linear generalizada, utilizando-se o método de Prais-Winsten e distribuição espacial dos municípios brasileiros com notificação. Resultados As notificações de violência na população transgênera decresceram no período (1,7%; β = -0,07; p = 0,010), mas com aumento dos municípios notificantes (45,8%), da violência autoprovocada (28,9%; β = 2,21; p < 0,001) e sexual (β = 0,79; p < 0,001). A maioria dos agressores é do sexo masculino e com relacionamento afetivo, principalmente para mulheres transgêneras (43,4%; p < 0,001). Conclusão A notificação da violência ainda não reflete a realidade dessa população, mas é o primeiro passo para a sua visibilidade e enfrentamento.
Fatores associados à viremia do HIV entre mulheres trans e travestis em cinco capitais brasileiras, 2019-2021: estudo multicêntrico
Authors: Barros Claudia Renata dos Santos , Matsuda Elaine Monteiro , Rocha Aline Borges Moreira da , López-Lopes Giselle Ibete Silva , Campos Norberto Camilo , Brígido Luís Fernando de Macedo , Bassichetto Katia Cristina , Veras Maria Amelia de Sousa Mascena
Published: December 2024

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar fatores associados à viremia detectável de HIV entre mulheres transexuais/travestis (MTTr), em cinco capitais brasileiras. Métodos Dados referentes à amostra de MTTr com sorologia reagente para HIV e carga viral (CV) detectável, em um estudo transversal entre 2019 e 2021. As variáveis dependentes e independentes foram, respectivamente: dosagem da carga viral, características socioeconômicas/demográficas; uso de álcool/drogas; e autopercepção de saúde mental. Foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson com variância robusta. Resultados Um total de 425 MTTr tiveram resultado reagente para HIV e realizaram dosagem de CV, com 179 (42,0%) detectáveis. Os fatores associados positivamente à detectabilidade foram: serem mais novas (RP=2,26; IC95% 1,13;4,51), piores condições de moradia (RP=2,72; IC95% 1,30;5,68) e saúde mental ruim/muito ruim (RP=1,70; IC95% 1,08;2,66). O uso de antirretroviral foi fator protetor à detectabilidade (RP=0,29; IC95% 0,30;0,61). Conclusão Os fatores associados à não supressão viral apontam vulnerabilidade ligada à identidade de gênero com impacto negativo, mesmo com a maioria em uso da terapia antirretroviral (TARV).
Arborização urbana não planejada como barreira à acessibilidade
Authors: Duarte Júnior Darlan Souza , Jesus Lanara Maria de , Santo Fábio da Silva do Espírito
Published: December 2024

Urban afforestation, when well planned, brings several benefits to cities and citizens. However, when poorly planned, it can generate several economic and socio-environmental problems, such as those that hinder and/or limit people's mobility and access to various public facilities. In this sense, the objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of urban trees from the perspective of accessibility on the sidewalks of Avenida Lomanto Júnior, Jequié - BA, with NBR 9050/2020 being used as a parameter to evaluate the conditions of this road. Although a good part of this Avenue meets the general dimensions required, several nonconformities were observed regarding the width of the free lanes, signaling, flooring and the presence of obstacles. In several stretches, it was possible to observe the presence of trees that limit or prevent the movement of people with some type of disability or reduced mobility. Thus, considering mobility as a constitutional right, the elaboration of a project and the implementation of actions that guarantee citizenship and accessibility to all people, without any kind of distinction, are essential.
Paul Ricoeur’s Hermeneutics of Action: From Interpreter to Actor
Authors: Sidorova Maria
Published: December 2024

It is difficult to find a text by Paul Ricoeur in which the hermeneutics of action is presented as a whole concept. However, the philosopher constantly returns to the problem of action, developing his own project of hermeneutical philosophy. This article analyzes Ricoeur’s hermeneutics of action as a theory formed in two stages: the social action hermeneutics and the action hermeneutics within the concept of the “capable man”. The study shows that the social action hermeneutics consists of semantics and poetics of action and its basis is the hermeneutics of text. The action hermeneutics in the concept of “capable man” is presented as a result of Ricoeur’s answers to four questions about the “who” of the self: “Who is speaking?”, “Who is acting?”, “Who is recounting about himself or herself?”, “Who is the moral subject of imputation?” The stages of action hermeneutics are analyzed as concepts with different responses to the question of who comprehends the action. In the hermeneutics of social action, he who gives meaning to the action is an interpreter. In the concept of “capable man”, he is an actor. The interpreter is the reader and creator of the social meaning of the action. Ricoeur assigns this role to representatives of the social sciences (historians or sociologists). An actor is a self or a subject capable of doing things, giving meaning to their actions and taking responsibility. As a result, Ricoeur’s hermeneutics of action can be understood as a concept that integrates various themes from his philosophical work (such as textual hermeneutics, narrative theory, phenomenology of self and ethics) as well as different philosophical approaches to understanding action: Anglo-Saxon and Continental. The findings of this paper can be used to examine and analyze Ricoeur’s hermeneutics and the history of the philosophy of action more broadly.
Ethics of Neighborly Care for the Elderly in the Russian Village: Towards Community Managerialism
Authors: Bogdanova Elena , Galkin Konstantin , Nizamova Aliia
Published: December 2024

Helping the elderly people living nearby is a common practice in the Russian countryside. The article presents a study of the experimental social program “Caring Neighbor”, which reforms voluntary neighbor assistance into a formalized paid social service provided under a contract. In this way, neighborhood assistance becomes part of the long-term care system. Theoretically, the article is based on the concept of the ethics of care proposed by Carol Gilligan. Whether the new social program introduces features of managerial ethics into the relationship of neighborly care for the elderly in the rural community is the main question of the article. The study, implemented in rural settlements of the Republic of Karelia and the Leningrad Region in 2020-2021, includes a series of case studies of neighborly care, carried out informally and as part of the “Caring Neighbor” program (number of cases = 16), alongside 20 expert interviews. The article concludes that the ethics of caring for the elderly which is being formed now in the Russian village can be defined as community managerialism. Community norms still dominate, but caring about the elderly people is beginning to be understood as a managed, non-gratuitous activity that needs to be coordinated.
Recognition Within the Sociology of Inequality: a Review of Theoretical Approaches
Authors: Kucheryavaya Maria
Published: December 2024

Inequality remains one of the most fundamental problems of the modern world. Usually, inequality is examined through the prism of its economic causes and consequences. However, this logic excludes an important element from the explanatory model: in addition to economic barriers, inequality generates cultural obstacles. It creates gaps between people, forming often impenetrable boundaries between different social groups. Inequalities shaped by cultural differences take rigid and enduring forms and are extremely difficult to eliminate. We will refer to such cultural processes of inequality associated with categorizing groups of people and assigning value to them as recognition. The study of recognition as a cultural mechanism of inequality has in recent years emerged as a significant frontier in contemporary sociology of inequality, and appears to be a critical element necessary for a comprehensive understanding of inequality processes. The purpose of this review is to show how the cultural dimension of inequality that we have identified, which we will further refer to as recognition, is thematized in sociological studies of inequality and culture. We want to show that issues of respect and dignity have always been at the core of the conversation about inequality. Despite the abundance of relevant research, the concept of recognition remains problematic: it is overly eclectic and poorly grounded in sociological theory.
Emergency Order of the "Economic War"
Authors: Teslya Andrei
Published: December 2024

Book Review: Boris E. Nolde (2024) Russia in the Economic War. Translated by Alla Belykh, Moscow: Gaidar Institute Press. - 388 pp. ISBN 978-5-93255-675-7
PROTOTYPE MANUFACTURING OF A NEW DYNAMIC-BASED PRESSURE MEASUREMENT TEST DEVICE FOR MEDICAL AND TEXTILE APPLICATIONS
Authors: Seyrek Kurban Nazime , Babaarslan Osman
Published: December 2024

Customers nowadays demand that their clothes be comfortable and suitable for their health in addition to the aesthetic features of the clothes they wear. Therefore, manufacturers following technological innovations to test their product capability are putting those devices on the market to measure the impact on health. The study describes the design, development, and prototype manufacturing stages of a new pressure measurement test device for measuring the pressure resulting from the interaction of human legs and stretch garments. The device can bend from the knee and move dynamically which has innovative aspects compared to the ones commercially available. After mass production of the device, it might be possible to measure the pressure levels of the garments to the human body, therefore, the effects of the fabrics on blood pressure in addition to body physiology can be evaluated with concrete values.
HİDROELEKTRİK SANTRALLERDE TÜRBİN-GENERATÖR ÜNİTESİNDE VERİM İZLEME SİSTEMİNİN KURULMASI-SAHA ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: Özbek Gökhan , Rüstemli Sabir
Published: December 2024

Hidroelektrik santrallerinde verim kaybının en fazla gerçekleştiği yer, türbinlerdir. Bu kayıpların sebepleri ve oranları santrallere ve hatta türbin-generatör ünitelerinin karakteristiklerine bağlı olarak değişmektedir. Türbinlerdeki verim kaybının tespit edilebilmesi, kestirimci bakımların veya optimizasyon çalışmalarının zamanında, doğru bir şekilde yapılabilmesi türbinin mevcut durumunun bilinmesine bağlıdır. Bu çalışmada, türbin veriminin anlık hesaplanması için Alpaslan-1 Hidroelektrik Santraline ait bir türbin-generatör ünitesinde gerçek zamanlı akış ve verim izleme sistemi kuruldu. Boya seyreltme metodu ile debi ölçümü ve türbin performans testlerinden olan mutlak testler yapıldı. Ölçülen debi değeri ile Winter-Kennedy akış sabiti bulundu ve böylece bir diğer performans testlerinden olan endeks testleri, Winter-Kennedy metodu kullanılarak yapıldı. Ayrıca testlerde santral, ünite, generatör verimleri de hesaplandı. Verim izleme sistemi kullanılarak yapılan testlerde türbin veriminde %3,5 oranında bir düşüşün olduğu görüldü. Winter-Kennedy metodu kullanılarak anlık debi hesabı ve anlık verim hesabı yapacak şekilde nihai olarak ayarlanan sistem, çalışır vaziyette bırakıldı.
ISI VE SES YALITIMINDA İNOVATİF ÇÖZÜM OLARAK PERLİT: DERLEME VE İNCELEME
Authors: Ramazanoğlu Berfin , Kaya Necim
Published: December 2024

Enerji, yaşam standartlarının yükseltilmesinde hayati bir rol oynamaktadır. Artan nüfusla birlikte enerji tüketimi de artmaktadır. İnşaat sektörü enerji tüketim performansı açısından oldukça önemli bir konumdadır. Bu durum inşaat sektöründe düşük enerjili binaların artmasına yönelik çalışmaları daha da önemli hale getirmektedir. Enerji israfının önlenmesi ve enerjinin etkin kullanılması için, yapılarda yalıtım önemli bir yere sahiptir. Ülkemiz, enerji ve yalıtım malzemeleri konusunda dışa bağımlıdır. Bu yüzden dışa bağımlılığı azaltacak, yerli malzemelerden üretilen rekabet gücü yüksek yalıtım malzemelerinin ve yeni teknolojilerin geliştirilmesi önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda zengin ve kaliteli yataklara sahip olduğumuz perlit malzemesi sektör için oldukça önemli bir malzeme konumundadır. Bu çalışma, perlit malzemesinin yalıtım alanında kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirilmesini amaçlamaktadır. Yapılan kapsamlı literatür taraması, uygun malzemeler ve bağlayıcılar kullanılarak yapılan işlemlerin, yeni nesil perlit esaslı yalıtım malzemelerinin istenen yalıtım performansını karşılayabileceğini ortaya koymaktadır.
DİYABET RİSK DURUMUNUN BELİRLENMESİNDE SINIFLANDIRMA ALGORİTMALARININ PERFORMANSLARININ KAPSAMLI BİR ŞEKİLDE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: Uzun Arslan Rukiye , Şenyer Yapıcı İrem , Erkaymaz Okan
Published: December 2024

Diyabet, dünya çapında prevelansı her geçen gün artan metabolik bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu hastalık kontrol altına alınmaması durumunda birçok doku ve organ üzerinde geri dönüşümü olmayan hasarlara neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, diyabet hastalığının erken teşhisi ve etkili bir şekilde yönetilmesi, hastaların yaşam kalitesinin arttırılması ve potansiyel sağlık risklerinin azaltılması açısından kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Sağlık sektöründe, hastalıkların teşhisinde yaygın olarak kullanılan makine öğrenimi (MÖ) tabanlı karar destek sistemleri (KDS) önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, diyabet teşhisi için önerilen MÖ tabanlı bir KDS sunulmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında, veri seti rasgele 80:20 oranında beş kez bölünmüş ve beş farklı MÖ algoritmasıyla (k-en yakın komşu, ridge, aşırı gradyan arttırma, ekstra ağaç ve gradyan arttırma) performansları değerlendirilmiştir. Bunun için veri setindeki özellikler RO algoritmasıyla değerlendirilerek Ki-kare testine dayalı SelectKBest yöntemiyle en anlamlı özellikler belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca önerilen sistem performansı üzerinde yeniden örnekleme tekniklerinin (sentetik azınlık aşırı örnekleme tekniği, Near Miss) etkileri analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, Near Miss yeniden örnekleme tekniğinin veri setine uygulanmasıyla gradyan arttırma algoritmasının en iyi performansı sergilediği tespit edilmiştir. Bu durumda, test verileriyle yapılan analizlere göre göre F-skor, kesinlik, doğruluk ve duyarlılık değerleri sırasıyla %99.44, %98.89, %99.45 ve %100 olarak hesaplanmıştır.
DEPREM SEVİYE SINIFLANDIRMASI İÇİN HİBRİT BİR CONVLSTM MODELİ: KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ANALİZ
Authors: Utku Anıl
Published: December 2024

Deprem, yer kabuğunda depolanan enerjinin açığa çıkması sonucu yer yüzeyinin aniden sarsılmasıdır. Depremler genellikle yer altı kayalarının aniden kırılması ve bir fay boyunca hızlı etmesi nedeniyle meydana gelir. Binaların ve altyapının düzgün inşa edilmediği ve nüfusun hazırlıklı olmadığı bir ortamda, orta şiddette bile olsa bir deprem yıkıcı olabilir. Yapay zekâ yöntemleri, deprem tahmini gibi doğal afetlerin öngörülmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu amaçla geliştirilen hibrit ConvLSTM modeli ile yer kabuğundaki karmaşık enerji dinamikleri ve hareketleri, büyük miktardaki jeolojik verilerden analiz edilerek deprem olasılıklarının tahmin edilmesi amaçlandı. ConvLSTM, LR, RF, SVM, XGBoost, MLP, CNN ve LSTM gibi popüler yöntemlerle USGS tarafından sunulan gerçek zamanlı deprem verileri kullanılarak karşılaştırıldı. Deneysel sonuçlar, ConvLSTM’in 0,9951 doğruluk ve 0,9993 AUC ile karşılaştırılan modellerden daha başarılı olduğunu göstermiştir
ENHANCING DEEP LEARNING PERFORMANCE THROUGH A GENETIC ALGORITHM-ENHANCED APPROACH: FOCUSING ON LSTM
Authors: Şen Tarık Üveys , Bakal Mehmet Gökhan
Published: December 2024

Deep learning has shown remarkable success in various applications, such as image classification, natural language processing, and speech recognition. However, training deep neural networks is challenging due to their complex architecture and the number of parameters required. Genetic algorithms have been proposed as an alternative optimization technique for deep learning, offering an efficient alternative way to find an optimal set of network parameters that minimize the objective function. In this paper, we propose a novel approach integrating genetic algorithms with deep learning, specifically LSTM models, to enhance performance. Our method optimizes crucial hyper-parameters including learning rate, batch size, neuron count per layer, and layer depth through genetic algorithms. Additionally, we conduct a comprehensive analysis of how genetic algorithm parameters influence the optimization process and illustrate their significant impact on improving LSTM model performance. Overall, the presented method provides a powerful mechanism for improving the performance of deep neural networks, and; thus, we believe that it has significant potential for future applications in the artificial intelligence discipline.
ENHANCING THERMAL PROPERTIES OF FIBER-REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES TO BE USED IN BATTERY CASINGS: A REVIEW
Authors: Gökciler Orhun Cem , Geren Necdet
Published: December 2024

Fiber-reinforced polymer composites, particularly those reinforced with carbon fiber, hold significant promise for use in battery casings. Since the performance of the batteries of electric and hybrid vehicles is highly dependent on the operating temperature, the thermal management system of the battery pack is essential. For this thermal management to be efficient, the battery enclosure must have sufficient thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity values. However, most of the fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials have poor thermal properties. Thus, it is necessary to increase the thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity values of such materials. In this paper, studies that have succeeded in increasing the thermal properties of fiber-reinforced polymer composites by applying different methods have been examined. The methods and obtained results are reviewed and discussed. Also, some suggestions are given to the potential applicators. Therefore, the most applicable methods, to enhance the thermal properties of the composite battery cases, can be determined and compared with one another.
KAN HÜCRELERİNİN OPTİMUM ODAKLI GÖRÜNTÜLENMESİ İÇİN DERİN ÖĞRENME TABANLI YAKLAŞIMIN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: Doğu Fatma Tuana , Danaei Zeinab , Doğan Hülya , Doğan Ramazan Özgür , Sezen Feride Sena
Published: December 2024

Mikroskobik sistemlerde var olan odaklama derinliği sebebiyle kan hücreleri bulunan numuneler tamamıyla odaklı görüntülenememektedir. Bu durum yapay zeka ve görüntü işleme algoritmalarının performans kaybına sebep olabilmektedir. Bunu çözmek için odaklama derinliğinin artırılması yaklaşımları kullanılmakta ve numunenin optimum odaklı görüntüsü elde edilmektedir. Literatürde birçok odaklama derinliğinin artırılması yaklaşımı bulunmasına rağmen bu alanda hala yüksek çalışma süresi, kullanılan numuneye ve mikroskop çeşidine göre farklı performans gösterme gibi çeşitli eksiklikler mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada, literatürdeki bu eksiklikleri gidermek amacıyla mikroskobik sistemlerde kan hücrelerinin optimum odaklı görüntülenmesi için hem yeni veri seti oluşturulmakta hem de derin öğrenme tabanlı yeni bir odaklama derinliği artırılması yaklaşımı önerilmektedir. Çalışmanın performansını değerlendirmek için Algı Tabanlı Görüntü Kalitesi, Referanssız Görüntü Uzamsal Kalite, Bulanıklık ve Doğallık Görüntü Kalitesi olmak üzere dört farklı kriter kullanılmaktadır. Geliştirilen çalışmada 13 farklı odaklama derinliğinin artırılması yaklaşımı test edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada performans değerlendirme kriterleri sonuçları ile kan hücrelerinin optimum odaklı görüntülenmesi için önerilen derin öğrenme tabanlı odaklama derinliğinin artırılması yaklaşımının diğer yaklaşımlara göre daha performanslı olduğu ispatlanmaktadır.
Clinical prognostic factors in patients with diffuse gliomas of the brain
Authors: Prokudin Mikhail Yu. , Martynov Boris V. , Litvinenko Igor' V. , Svistov Dmitry V.  , Klitsenko Olga A. , Martynov Roman S. , Klimenkova Emma Yu. , Dyskin Dmitriy E.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND: Diffuse gliomas of the brain represent a heterogeneous group, which differs in age of the disease onset, histologic characteristics, tumor grade, molecular genetic markers and prognosis.
AIM: of the present study is to identify the factors, which affect the duration of the relapse-free period and life expectancy in patients with diffuse brain gliomas, based on a comprehensive analysis of clinical syndromes and symptoms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was carried out at the Departments of Neurosurgery and Nerve Diseases of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy (Saint Petersburg, Russia). It included 390 in-patients with diffuse brain gliomas who underwent treatment over the periods of 2014–2022 and 2004–2006. Age at time of diagnosis was 45.26 ± 15.72 years old. The study included 218 (55.9%) male and 172 (44.1%) female patients. It was a single-centre prospective study.
RESULTS: of the author’s research. Favourable demographic factors include the age range of 18–39 (relapse-free period duration p 0.01, life expectancy p 0.001) and female sex (relapse-free period p = 0.02, life expectancy p = 0.03). Prognostically favourable clinical manifestations include epileptic seizures before surgery (relapse-free period p 0.01, life expectancy p 0.02); unfavourable clinical manifestations are pyramidal syndrome (relapse-free period p 0.01, life expectancy p 0.001), sensitive disorders (relapse-free period p = 0.045–0.12, life expectancy p = 0.09–0.17), speech pathology (relapse-free period p 0.02, life expectancy p = 0.02–0.12) and cerebellar syndrome (relapse-free period p 0.02, life expectancy p 0.001). Clinical signs such as headache, nausea and vomiting, asthenia, diffuse neurological symptoms, craniocerebral nerve involvement and visual impairment do not affect (p 0.05) the outcomes of the patients with diffuse brain gliomas.
CONCLUSION: Thus, favourable demographic prognostic factors include female sex and age range of 18–39, favourable clinical prognostic factors include epileptic seizures before surgery. Unfavourable clinical prognostic factors include presence of motor, sensory disorders, speech impairment and cerebellar syndrome.
Kur’ân’da Fâdıl-Mefdûl Olgusunun Epistemik Değerinin Analiz ve Kritiği
Authors: Aras Zakir
Published: December 2024

En erken dönemden itibaren Kur’ân ilimleri arasında yerini alan tefâdül olgusu, kaynağını başta Kur’ân’dan sonra da hadis merviyyâtından almaktadır. Hayrun min, faddalnâ, e’zam, ehsen, efdal gibi birtakım kullanımlardan kaynaklı bir terminoloji dili oluşmuştur. Bu olguyu tartışan âlimlerin başında Gazzâlî (öl. 505/1111) gelmektedir. Gözlemlediğimiz kadarıyla Gazzâlî’den sonra ulemâ arasında konuyu en sistematik ve kapsamlı işleyen ve bu konuyu tüm referanslarını sunduktan sonra kabul eden kişi İbn Teymiyye’dir (öl. 728/1328).
Bu çalışmada tarihsel-eleştirel yöntem, analitik yöntem ve karşılaştırma yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Sonuç kısmında tefâdül olgusunu reddedenlerin ileri sürdüğü argümanların temelinde, bu olgunun kabul edilmesinin Kur’ân’ın parçacı bir şekilde okunmasına yol açabileceği ve olguyu kabul eden grupta Mutezile ekolünün bulunmasının bir sonucu olarak Kur’ân’ın mahlûk olduğu düşüncesine yol açabileceği endişesi bulunmaktadır. Bu argümanlar epistemik açıdan da doğru değildir, çünkü birtakım a priori bilgiler üzerinden hareket etmektedir. Ayrıca Kur’ân’da tefâdülün vuku bulduğu yaklaşımı; sevap ve mükâfat yaklaşım, makâsıdî/gaî yaklaşım ve son olarak retorik yaklaşım şeklinde sınıflandırmak mümkündür.
Evaluation of the safety and effectiveness of easyEndo™ universal stapler compared with easyEndo™ E-lite in patients submitted to gastric surgery: a retrospective/prospective study including a large number of patients
Authors: Braghetto Italo , Czwiklitzer Gustavo , Korn Owen , Brante Percy , Salinas Macarena
Published: December 2024

Background: Staple line complications represent the most dangerous complication after gastric surgery. Better-formed staples could potentially reduce complications postoperatively. The newer motorized generation stapling system would lead to fewer intraoperative staple line complications compared to traditional stapling systems. Purpose was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these two types of stapler models by determining its intraoperative performance and peri-operative complications.
Methods: It was an observational cohort study including a total of 3613 patients submitted to gastric surgery for benign or malignant disease. The study was conducted within two periods: stage A using easyEndoTM universal (n=2359 patients, from January 2017 to December 2022) and stage B (n=1254 patients, from January 2023 to June 2024) using easyEndoTM E-lite motorized stapler including obese patients (n=3239), benign diseases with indication of surgical treatment (n=268) and patients with gastric cancer (n=106).
Results: Although higher rate of leaks and postoperative complications were observed in patients submitted to sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass during stage A compared with stage B (p=0.0025), both type of staplers are safe and effective for performing gastric surgery. In patients submitted to gastric resections, no significates differences were demonstrated in terms of postoperative complications comparing the two groups (p=0.1).
Conclusions: Patients operated on using motorized stapler presented less suture line interventions but no differences regarding postoperative complication. The results confirmed data published in previous reports and meta-analysis, but now including a big number of patients and complex procedures.
Human Anatomy and Physiology-II for the Students of B.Pharm 2nd Semester
Authors: Marya R. K. , Ph.D. M.D. (Physiology);
Published: December 2024

The book is written strictly according to the latest syllabus prescribed by the Pharmacy Council of India. The author of this book has teaching experience spanning over five decades, not only in India, but also in Iraq, Libya, Mauritius and Malaysia. This global teaching experience has given the author a special insight into the difficulties faced by the B. Pharm students in understanding subjects as tough as Human Anatomy and Physiology. As a result, the hallmark of this book is simplicity and brevity. Undue verbosity has been avoided. The simple text is supplemented by nearly 200 simple diagrams, which aid in better understanding of the text. The medical background (MBBS, MD, PhD) of the author has helped him to select topics relevant to a pharmacy student. The students are expected to enjoy studying human anatomy and physiology from this book written in a student-friendly style of the text and figures.
Estudio básico de suelos derivados de ceniza volcánica modificados con cemento (bajos contenidos de cemento)
Authors: Pantoja-Quiscualtud Otilia , Cruz-Velasco Lucio , Muñoz-Mendez Valentina
Published: December 2024

Esta investigación se centra en suelos derivados de cenizas volcánicas de la ciudad de Popayán estabilizados con bajos porcentajes de cemento. Los resultados revelan la alta variabilidad de las propiedades ante los cambios de humedad, estado de la estructura, y el tiempo de curado. El estudio consistió en evaluar las propiedades físicas y mecánicas tanto en estado natural como modificado con cemento al 3%, 4% y 5%. Los resultados indican que en estado natural presentan condiciones deficientes como subrasantes o terraplenes. Por lo cual, en diversos casos se requiere un mejoramiento. Al utilizar cemento como estabilizante, es posible concluir que hay aumento en la resistencia mecánica y mejoras en las propiedades hidráulicas de manera marginal (suelo modificado con cemento) y no son comparables a los aumentos importantes que se dan en las propiedades después del 5% como porcentaje de estabilizante (suelo-cemento).
Morphological and structural variations of Nickel-Titanium endodontic instruments subjected to instrumentation loads: in vitro study
Authors: Orozco-Ocampo Yenny Marcela , Álvarez-Vargas César Augusto , Jiménez-García Francy Nelly , Escobar-Rincón Daniel , Jaramillo-Gil Paola Ximena
Published: December 2024

To identify morphological and structural variations in WaveOne Gold Primary® related to artificial canal instrumentation, experiments were conducted on artificial canals fabricated from Diallyl-Phthalate to identify morphological and structural variations in WaveOne-Gold-Primary (n=10) endodontic instruments. The canals were immersed in water at 38° C ± 1°C and irrigated with NaClO-5%. The instruments were examined using optical microscopy to perform Cauchy strain measurements. Lattice parameters, microstrains, and texture were determined using X-ray diffraction. Scanning electron microscopy was employed to identify shear bands and fracture characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests. Untwisting and elongation were pronounced at approximately 54 pecks; fracture occurred at 62 pecks. Mathematical models were proposed to correlate strains and texture with the number of pecks. Substantial plastic deformations caused by the torsion-adhesion mechanism and associated with ductile fracture were observed, and grain domain alterations were identified. The difference between the sample's relative intensities in X-ray diffraction demonstrated texture changes between 0 and 20 pecks and a subsequent change after 62 pecks.
Predicción de zonas susceptible a los procesos de remoción masa aplicando el modelo matemático red neuronal artificial en la localidad de Guatapurí y Chemesquemena, Colombia
Authors: Estrada-Romero Javier , Carrillo Fabio , Manco-Jaraba Dino Carmelo , Cantillo Janer
Published: December 2024

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo predecir zonas susceptibles a procesos de remoción en masa aplicando modelo matemático red neuronal artificial en la localidad de Guatapurí y Chemesquemena. Se delimitaron zonas susceptibles a fenómenos de remoción en masa a partir de la identificación de factores condicionantes ((1) Unidades Geológicas Superficiales, (2) Pendiente del terreno, (3) Cobertura vegetal, (4) Índice de Rugosidad de Terreno, (5) Geomorfología y (6) Acuenca)) y realización de mapas y procesamiento de imágenes satelitales (Landsat) aplicando modelos matemáticos de tipo redes neuronales artificiales. La evaluación de susceptibilidad destacó una distribución desigual en Guatapurí y Chemesquemena. Las zonas de "muy alta" susceptibilidad (43% del área) se caracterizaron por presentar pendientes pronunciadas, patrones distintos de flujo y relieves moderados a muy elevados. En contraste, las zonas catalogadas como de "muy baja" susceptibilidad (34% del área), presentan pendientes suaves a casi planas, con escorrentía lenta y materiales menos propensos a deslizamientos.
Tratamientos de reciclaje aplicados al residuo de espuma rígida de poliuretano (PUR): Artículo de revisión
Authors: López-Rodríguez Isabella , Diaz-Saavedra Joseph Alejandro , Torres- Agredo Janneth
Published: December 2024

La espuma rígida de Poliuretano es un material sintético que se genera mediante la reacción entre un poliol y un isocianato, que cuenta con excelentes propiedades termoaislantes; sus aplicaciones generan un residuo, el cual es considerado en Colombia, como un residuo peligroso. Por tal motivo, el presente artículo consiste en una revisión bibliográfica sobre las diferentes metodologías de reciclaje aplicados para el residuo de espuma rígida de poliuretano (PUR). Se expondrán alternativas desde el ámbito de reciclaje químico, mecánico y de recuperación de energía o térmicos, incluyendo además tratamientos de índole biológico. A partir de los reportes de la literatura se evidencia que el reciclaje mecánico se destaca por su simple aplicación y bajos costos. Por otro lado, el tratamiento químico ofrece más alternativas para la incorporación de ciertos productos a líneas de producción; sin embargo, se dificulta la alta tecnología necesaria para su aplicación. Situación similar a los tratamientos biológicos, cuyo ciclo de vida de los microorganismos es fundamental para su aplicación. Mientras la recuperación de energía o tratamientos térmicos presentan una buena oportunidad de energía sostenible, no obstante, sus emisiones son un factor a vigilar. Todas las alternativas de reciclaje permiten generar una economía circular sostenible en el tiempo, disminuyendo el impacto negativo del residuo sobre la salud de las personas y el medio ambiente.
Removal of contaminants through microalgae: towards the development of a circular economy
Authors: Loaiza-González Jinna M. , Rubio-Clemente Ainhoa , Peñuela Gustavo A.
Published: December 2024

The occurrence of algal blooms has increased in both extent and frequency worldwide. However, it can become an effective alternative for wastewater treatment (WWT). It is important to note that conventional processes used in WWT facilities are mostly inefficient in removing high loads of nutrients. In this regard, the utilization of microalgae, such as Chlorella spp., emerges as an economically viable alternative that allows for effective removal of nutrients and ensures the production of an effluent that complies with permissible discharge limits to water bodies. Additionally, the biomass formed from microalgae treatment can be used as biofuels. This work describes the use of microalgae as a convenient and cost-effective biological process for the removal of nutrients and organic matter, even allowing for energy recovery through biomass valorization. Thus, the use of microalgae is proposed as a solution to water pollution with high nutrient loads.
Antifungal Efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum and Clotrimazole for Treatment of Denture Stomatitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Pakravan Fahimeh , Yegdaneh Afsaneh , Taymouri Somayeh , Rahimi Shiva , Ghahremani Negin
Published: December 2024

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the antifungal efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) and clotrimazole for treatment of denture stomatitis (DS).
Materials and Methods: This double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted on 50 patients with DS types I and II assigned to two groups (N=25). In the first group, G. lucidum extract was administered in the form of 5% gel while 1% clotrimazole gel was prescribed for the second group. Pain intensity according to the visual analog scale (VAS), and the percentage of DS recovery based on the Budtz-Jorgenson index were evaluated and recorded after 7 and 14 days. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, independent samples t-test, repeated measures ANOVA, and logistic regression (alpha=0.05).
Results: The percentage of complete recovery on day 7 in the G. lucidum group (28%) was higher than that in the clotrimazole group (16%) but not significantly (P=0.592). Not wearing dentures overnight significantly increased the odds of recovery by 6.56 times, while the odds of recovery decreased by 0.03 times in DS type II, as compared to DS type I (P= 0.009).
Conclusion: No significant difference existed between the antifungal efficacy of G. lucidum and clotrimazole for clinical treatment of DS. Thus, Ganoderma may be regarded as an alternative treatment, especially in patients’ resistant to azoles. Nonetheless, further clinical studies are required to shed more light on this topic.
Properties of Compounds Citral and Geraniol on Trichomonas gallinae: Activity in Vitro and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Baccega Bruna , Fenalti Juliana Montelli , Mello Alexia Brauner de , Islabão Yan Wahast , Birmann Paloma T. , Neis Alessandra , Giacometi Marjorie de , Monteiro Francielle Liz , Hubner Silvia de Oliveira , Almeida Vaucher Rodrigo de , Rosa Farias Nara Amélia da , Norouzi Roghayeh , Siyadatpanah Abolghasem , Oliveira Camila Belmonte
Published: December 2024

Background: Avian trichomoniasis is an important disease that causes bird mortality, both wild and captive, around the world. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity, antioxidant, and antiparasitic activity of citral (3.7-Dimetil-2.6-octadienal) and geraniol (trans-3.7-Dimetil-2.6-octadien-1-ol) against Trichomonas gallinae trophozoites.
Methods: In vitro assays were conducted at the Laboratory of Protozoology and Entomology (LAPEN) at the Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel), Brazil in 2019 using tests with 106 parasites and citral and geraniol at concentrations ranging from 10 to 100 μM and four controls: NC (culture medium and trophozoites), MTZ (trophozoites plus 100 μM of metronidazole), and TW (trophozoites plus vehicles used for solubilizing derivatives (0.01% Tween).
Results: The citral (60 μM) and geraniol (50 μM) concentrations reduced the trophozoitesʼs viability by 100%. The molecular docking experiment demonstrated that citral and geraniol might inhibit a hydrogen enzyme for T. gallinae survival.
Conclusion: The major compounds of lemongrass have potential antitrichomonal activity against T. gallinae in vitro.
Coexistence of Giant Hydatid Cyst and Hepatocellular Carci-noma: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Birol Ismail Eren , Toprak Sukru Salih , Gurel Fatih
Published: December 2024

From a global perspective, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hydatid cyst disease are both common; however, the endemic and zoonotic nature of hydatid cysts (due to Echinococcus larvae) makes the simultaneous detection of the two conditions a rare occurrence. In this case report, in a 43-year-old male patient, we aim to draw attention to the potential coexistence of HCC and liver hydatid cysts by presenting a case in which HCC tissue was detected in the cyst wall—removed by emergency surgery due to cyst perforation. Hydatid lesions in the liver may exhibit tumor-like growth characteristics. Consequently, identifying a hydatid cyst concomitant with HCC can be challenging, particularly when HCC has developed within the cystic structure. Careful assessment of resected tissues and detailed diagnostic approaches can facilitate the identification of such cases, even if the risk of HCC in patients with hydatid cysts is marginal. It may be advisable to suggest periodic monitoring with HCC-related markers and liver imaging methods.
Comment on “A New Immunogenic Structure of Polyepitopic Fusion against Leishmania major: In Silico Study”
Authors: Majidiani Hamidreza , Hosseini Seyyed Amir
Published: December 2024

The Article Abstract is not available.
The Effects of High Protein Intake on Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Weight Loss in Low Caloric Diets in Obese Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lauran Martin , Jafari Ali Moghadas , Ali Kosar Mohamed , Hosseini Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Introduction: This systematic review has been undertaken in order to assess the effects of hypocaloric, high- protein diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors such as serum lipid levels in metabolically healthy obese adults. The primary outcomes measured include changes in pre-and post- diet mean BMI, LDL-C, HDL-C, TAG, and TC levels.
Methods: Four databases including: Embase, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Cochrane and Web of Science were searched with no restrictions on language or publication period. Clinicaltrials.gov was also searched in order to identify unpublished or on-going studies.
Results: Three of four studies included in this systematic review noted a significantly greater loss in pre- and post- diet mean BMI levels in the hypocaloric, high-protein diet group as compared to hypocaloric, non-high protein diets (control). Whilst pre- and post-diet mean LDL-C, HDL-C, TAG, and TC levels did not differ significantly among hypocaloric, high-protein and control diet groups.
Conclusion: Hypocaloric, high-protein diets had an unclear effect on blood-lipid levels as compared to control. Weight loss however was significantly greater in the hypocaloric, high-protein group as compared to other hypocaloric, non-high-protein diet groups.