bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Comparison of Mechanical Properties of Jute and Glass Fibre Reinforced Composites
Authors: Rohit Ram , Pinto Linford , Babu K.Mallikharjuna , Jebraj Martin , Gudi Harsha R.
Published: July 2014

The properties of fiber reinforced composites (FRP) like high strength to weight ratio, high stiffness to weight ratio, flexibility in design, ease of fabrication with economical savings as compared to metal alloys, make it an excellent choice for various range of products from building materials, sporting equipment, appliances, automotive parts, boats, canoe hulls to bodies for recreational vehicles. In this study the properties of natural fibre composite are compared with composite made of artificial fibres. The natural fibre chosen is jute fibre and the artificial fibre chosen is glass fiber. Polyester resin was the matrix used because of compatibility, cost effectiveness and easy availability. The composites were fabricated by Hand Layup technique and the number of layers of composite laminate was varied as three, four and five. The specimens were subjected to mechanical tests and Young’s Modulus, Ultimate Strength were evaluated. Modal analysis was carried out to determine the damping characteristics through damping ratio. A comparison of the two composites in terms of mechanical properties is made and the results are tabulated.
Fabrication and Investigation on Properties of TiC Reinforced Al7075 Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Rama Koteswara Rao V. , Ramanaiah N. , Sarcar M.M.M.
Published: July 2014

Aluminium alloy (AA7075) is largely used in various fields of transport applications, including marine, automotive and aviation and aerospace due to their high strength-to-density ratio. The present work deals with the influence of TiC on the mechanical behavior of AA 7075 composites. TiC is particularly attractive as it offers high hardness and elastic modulus, low density, good wettability yet low chemical reactivity with aluminium melts. The aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) are produced as AA 7075 matrix metal and TiC particulates of an average size of 2µm as reinforced particles through stir casting, Magnesium added to the melt to overcome the wetting problem between TiC and liquid AA7075 metal. AMMCs are produced in different %weight of TiC ranging between 2 to 10%.These composites are characterized with optical, SEM and EDS analysis in as-cast condition and T6condition and hardness are predicted using macro vickers hardness tester. The test results showed increasing hardness of composites compared with matrix (AA7075) because of the presence of the increased reinforced material (TiC)
Finite Element Analysis of Jute Fibre Made Hybrid Polymer Matrix Composite
Authors: Prasad Vishnu , Venkatachalam G. , Rathi Akshat , Rajakumar S.
Published: July 2014

During last few years, the interest in using natural fibers as reinforcement in polymers has increased significantly. Natural fibers are not only strong and lightweight but also relatively very cheap and bio-degradable. In this work, an investigation is carried out on jute fiber, a natural fiber. Jute fiber has gained interest in the composite field due to its superior specific properties compared to manmade synthetic fibers like glass, Kevlar, asbestos, etc. The present work describes the development and characterization of natural fiber based composites consisting of jute fiber as reinforcement and hybrid resin consisting of general purpose resin and cashew nut shell resin as matrix material. The composites are fabricated using hand lay-up technique. The tensile strength is studied using experimental and numerical analysis. The nature of hybrid matrix at different composition is also studied. The commercial Finite Element Analysis software ANSYS is used for numerical study.
Finite Element Modeling of TIG Welding of Aisi 304l Stainless Steel and Experimental Validation
Authors: Narayanareddy V.V. , Vasudevan M. , Muthukumaran S. , Ganesh K.C. , Chandrasekhar N. , Vasantaraja P.
Published: July 2014

In this research work, thermo-elasto-plastic analysis using finite element modeling (FEM) was carried out to study the thermo mechanical behavior of AISI 304L stainless steel plate of 3 mm thick during the autogenous tungsten inert gas welding. Sysweld software has been employed for simulating the temperature distribution, residual stresses and distortion. Physical and mechanical properties of 304 L stainless steel required for simulation were obtained from the literature. Bead-on-plate experiment was carried out at 140 A and 120 mm/min for obtaining weld bead dimensions which are required for heat source fitting in the simulation. Heat source parameters in the simulation were frozen when the bead profile obtained in the simulation matched with the actual bead profile. Then thermal cycles were simulated with the frozen heat source parameters. The thermal cycles and the peak temperatures predicted by the model were compared with that of the experimentally measured values. There was good agreement between the predicted and measured values. The experimentally validated thermal model was further used for simulating residual stresses and distortion. The calculated residual stress profile was validated using experimentally measured residual stress profiles using an Ultrasonic technique. There was good agreement between the predicted and measured residual stress profiles. The simulated distortion values were compared with measured distortion values using height gauge. There was good agreement between the simulated and measured distortion values. The Finite Element model developed for simulating the TIG welding of 304 L stainless steel predicted the thermal cycles, residual stresses and distortion with minimum error.
An Analysis on Temperature & Surface Roughness during End Milling of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Samsudeensadham S. , Krishnaraj Vijayan
Published: July 2014

The heat produced in metal cutting process is one of the most critical issue in machining of titanium alloys. High temperature in metal cutting degrades the tool life, surface integrity, size accuracy and machining efficiency dramatically. The temperature generated during end milling of titanium alloy, has been measured using Thermo camera. Surface roughness plays a vital role in evaluating and measuring the quality of the machined surface. During the experiments, cutting speed and feed rate have been changed to analyse the effect of temperature and surface roughness. It is observed that cutting speed has the greater effect on temperature and surface roughness during end milling of titanium alloy. The regression equations generated have better fit which can be used for optimization.
Fire Properties of Elephant Grass Fiber and Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyester Composites
Authors: Ramanaiah K. , Prasad A.V. Ratna , Reddy K. Hema Chandra
Published: July 2014

Natural fiber composites (NFC) and glass fiber composites (GFC) have been prepared by incorporating elephant grass fibers and glass fibers in to polyester matrix via hand layup technique. In this study, the fire properties of composites have been evaluated by cone calorimeter. The addition of elephant grass fiber has effectively reduced the average heat release rate (Av. HRR) and peak heat release rate (PHRR) of the matrix by 28 %, and 36 %, respectively. Maximum average heat rate emission and carbon monoxide yield of the bio composites decrease substantially compared with that of matrix. However, average carbon dioxide yield, and total smoke release values of matrix are slightly increased with the addition of the elephant grass fiber. The NFC ignites earlier, release greater levels of heat when compared with that of GFC. Average HRR, PHRR and THR values of NFC are about 39%, 71% and 38% greater than those of GFC, respectively. Further, theoretical models were used to predict time to flashover and FO classification of composites.
Heat Transfer Modelling and Investigation of the Effect of Pulse Frequency and Current in Pulsed Current Gas Tungsten Arc Welding
Authors: Prabakaran A. , Sellamuthu R. , Arul Sanjivi
Published: July 2014

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) involves several process parameters. In Pulsed Current GTAW frequency of pulse and pulse to time ratio differentiates the characteristics of weld pool geometry of from GTAW. In the present work a simple heat transfer model for Pulsed Current GTA welding was developed and the weld pool dimensions were experimentally verified with AISI 1020 steel. Relationship between speed and pulsed current frequency on weld pool dimension was studied. Weld pool dimension of pulsed and non-pulsed GTAW is studied.
Influence of Built Orientation on Mechanical Properties in Fused Deposition Modeling
Authors: Raut Sandeep V. , Jatti Vijaykumar S. , Singh T.P.
Published: July 2014

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the thirty techniques of rapid prototyping methods that produce prototypes from polymer materials (natural or with different grades). Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is one of the good material among all polymer materials. It is used in the layer by layer manufacturing of the prototype which is in the semi-molten plastic filament form and built up on the platform from bottom to top. In FDM, one of the critical factor is to select the built up orientation of the model since it affects the different areas of the model like main material, support material, built up time, total cost per part and most important the mechanical properties of the part. In view of this, objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of the built-up orientation on the mechanical properties and total cost of the FDM parts. Experiments were carried out on STRATASYS FDM type rapid prototyping machine coupled with CATALYST software and ABS as main material. Tensile and Impact specimens were prepared as per the ASTM standard with different built-up orientation and in three geometrical axes. It can be concluded from the experimental analysis that built orientation has significant affect on the tensile, impact and total cost of the FDM parts. These conclusions will help the design engineers to decide on proper build orientation, so that FDM parts can be fabricated with good mechanical properties at minimum manufacturing cost.
Influence of Pulse-on-Time on the Performance of Wire Electrical Discharge Machining of Ti-6Al-4V Using Zinc Coated Brass Wire
Authors: Lenin Singaravelu D. , Uthirapathi A. , Venkata Ramana Reddy P.S. , Durai Selvam Muthukannan
Published: July 2014

The present paper describes the influence of pulse-on-time on performance features such as Metal Removal Rate (MRR), Kerf width, Surface Roughness (SR) on cutting Titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) in wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) using zinc coated brass wire. The deionised water is used as dielectric fluid. The process parameters such as wire tension, wire speed, flushing pressure, discharge current, sparking voltage and pulse off time have kept constant at appropriate values throughout the experiment and the pulse on time is varied at nine different intervals. It was found that pulse-on-time is the most significant factor which greatly influences MRR, kerf width, and SR. It was also observed that taper at the end of cutting zone which is unavoidable occurrence for the machined part. This is due to the erosion of wire material. The surface roughness increases with increase in pulse on time also with higher rate of MRR.
Influence of Silicon on Performance of Al/SiC Composites
Authors: Sozhamannan G.G. , Muttharasan M. , Kaviarasan K. , Prabu S. Balasivanandha , Venkatachalapathy V.S.K.
Published: July 2014

Silicon is an important alloying element in Al alloys because the presence of Si improves the hardening strength of Al alloy and improves the wetting between the matrix and the reinforcement. In the present study, Al/SiC bonded specimens were fabricated by means of different temperatures and holding times. The microstructure of the composite was examined by scanning electron microscope. The concentration of Si elements at the interface region was observed by EDS techniques and diffusion of the Si elements in the matrix region was calculated by the Arrhenius equation. The hardness test was performed at the interface region. The results revealed that processing temperatures and holding times influences the concentration of Si and the hardness values near the interface region. Keywords: Al/SiC Interface bonding; SEM; EDS analysis; Micro hardness
Investigation into Coal Cutting Operation by Using Conical Pick of Cast Iron with LH710 Coated Tip
Authors: Dewangan Saurabh , Chattopadhyaya Somnath , Hloch Sergej
Published: July 2014

In the present paper, analysis of coal cutting has been carried out by conical pick which was developed by cast iron mixed with 21% (by weight) mild steel. The conical tip of pick was coated with material LH710 (hardness 40 RC) which is basically an alloy of Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni. The coal sample was cut linearly by using shaper machine. Parameters as depth of cut, amount of coal removed and temperature generated during cutting were analyzed for different tilt angle of tool and best compromise was found out among them.
Investigation of Optimal Processing Condition for Abrasive Water Jet Machining for Stainless Steel AISI 304 Using Grey Relational Analysis Coupled with S/N Ratio
Authors: Singh Diksha , Chaturvedi Vedansh
Published: July 2014

As the population of the world is continuously increasing, the demand of the mechanical manufactured products is also increasing. Machining is the most important process in any mechanical manufacturing, and in machining two factors i.e. Material removal rate (MRR) and Surface roughness (SR) are the most important responses. If the MRR will be high, the product will get desired shape in minimum time so the production rate will be high, but we could not scarify with the surface finishing also because in close tolerance limit parts like in automobile industry if the surface is rough exact fit cannot take place. So here aim is to maximise MRR and minimise surface roughness and process control variable are taken to be transverse speed, standoff distance, abrasive flow rate, and water pressure. Here Grey relational analysis is used to convert multi responses into single response and optimal parameter setting and most significant parameter is found with the help of S/N ratio.
Investigations on Machining of Monel 400 Alloys Using Electrochemical Machining with Sodium Nitrate as Electrolyte
Authors: Kalaimathi M. , Venkatachalam G. , Makhijani Neil Pradeep , Agrawal Ankit , Sivakumar M.
Published: July 2014

Monel 400 is a cuprous nickel alloy which is very well-known for its resistivity towards physical and chemical strength. It is probably one of the hardest and most non-corrosive materials known in industrial as well as research field. These properties have enhanced its applications in various fields such as aerospace industries, marine industries, automotive industries etc. Monel 400 alloys are too hard to machine using conventional machine tools and methods as it work hardens rapidly on its surface. Authors concluded that electrochemical machining is the choice of machining of these materials. The present work is carried out to analyze the impact of ECM process parameters such as applied voltage (V), inter-electrode gap (IEG) and electrolyte concentration (EC) on material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra). An aqueous sodium nitrate (NaNO3) is used as basic electrolyte in the electrochemical machining of Monel 400 alloys. Response surface methodology (RSM) based central composite design (CCD) is used as experimental strategy. Effects of process parameters as well as their interactions are analysed and the process parameters are optimized.
Lasers in Green Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Balasubramanian S. , Manonmani K. , Hemalatha R.M.
Published: July 2014

A safe and healthy work piece is important for sustainable manufacturing process. Green laser surface hardening is a heat treatment process on a part of its application does not use water or oil as quenching media, because it is self-quenching and less detrimental to the environment. Since it is an energy saving process it is fast being adopted by manufacturing industries. Quenching media used in conventional heat treatment process for a sudden cooling of the heated work piece to get hard structure transformation. Unfortunately the reactions of quenchant with hot working also have several negative health, production cost, and environmental impact.This paper focuses the experimental investigation into the roller of green surface hardening on energy saving, the production cost of the industrial components. A comparative study of surface hardening under conventional and laser sources was conducted using similar components. The results show that the quality of hardening improved in laser hardening but the process time increased marginally at one stage and reduced at other shapes of manufacturing. In analyzing the process cost laser hardening show cast saving notably.
Modeling and Parametric Investigation of WEDM for D-2 Tool Steel Using RSM and GA
Authors: Sharma Neeraj , Ahuja Neeraj , Gupta Sorabh , Singh Ajit , Sharma Renu
Published: July 2014

Wire Electric Discharge machine is non-conventional thermo-electric spark erosion machining process to cut conductive metal and alloys. The main mechanism of machining is spark erosion between the tool and work-piece. High carbon high chromium tool steel (D-2) is a hard alloy with high hardness and wear resisting property. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of process parameters on the machining of D-2 tool steel. D-2 tool steel used in tool and die industries. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used to formulate a mathematical model which correlates the independent process parameters with the desired dimensional deviation. The central composite rotatable design has been used to conduct the experiments. Genetic algorithm is used to predict the best individual parameters along with the predicted fitness values.
Multi Criteria Optimization of Electrochemical Discharge Micro-Machining Process during Micro-Channel Generation on Glass
Authors: Mallick Bijan , Sarkar B.R. , Doloi B. , Bhattacharyya B.
Published: July 2014

Electrochemical Discharge micro-machining process appears better utility with greater effectiveness in the modern micro-machining industrial field. Electrochemical discharge micro-machining process is involved to generate micro-channel as well as curve profile on glass for utilization as micro-fluidic device. This paper shows second order mathematical modeling of correlation between the machining criteria such as machining rate as a form of material removal rate (MRR), overcut (OC), machining depth (MD) with various process parameters like applied voltage (V), electrolyte concentration (wt %) and inter-electrode gap (IEG) (mm). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) has been performed to find out the adequacy of the developed models.This paper also shows the multi objective optimization to achieve the optimal parametric combination for maximum MRR, MD and minimum OC using response surface methodology (RSM). Keywords:μ-ECDM,MRR,OC,MD,RSM,ANOVA,Glass.
An Investigation of the Effect of Surface Refining on the Hardness and the Wear Properties of Al-Si Alloy
Authors: Saravanan R. , Sellamuthu R.
Published: July 2014

Surface refining of Al–Si alloy was carried out using the GTA heat source. It was observed that the microstructure contains a globular shaped eutectic – Si distribution within the α–Al matrix. The hardness is found to increase and the wear is found to decrease upon surface refining. The precipitation hardening treatment was effective in increasing the hardness of the modified layer. The GTA heat source has been successfully applied to the surface refining of the Al–Si alloy. The result of this study is comparable to those of previous studies.
Numerical Study of Laser Cutting of Titanium Alloy (TI-6Al-4V)
Authors: Mittal Vipin , Sharma Pawan , Patel Vijay Kr. , Pandey Vikas , Kumar Vinod
Published: July 2014

A finite element model has been developed utilizing the commercial ANSYS software to determine the temperature distribution & heat affected zone in laser cutting of titanium alloy (Ti-6%Al-4%V).The main aim of this paper is to determine the temperature reached in the vicinity of the location where the laser interaction with the work piece material takes place. This model is based on Fourier law of heat conduction and Gaussian distribution of laser. Temperature dependent thermal and mechanical properties of material are assumed in this analysis. Result obtained are then analyzed and thermal effect is then understood for the effective control of the process.
Optimization of Friction Welding Parameters for AA6061-T6/AA2024-T6 Joints Using Taguchi-Simulated Annealing (TSA) Algorithm
Authors: R Adalarasan , Santhanakumar M. , Sundaram A. Shanmuga
Published: July 2014

Friction welding is an economical solid state joining process which has gained industrial acceptance for producing dissimilar joints with light weight applications. In this work continuous drive friction welding was employed to produce AA6061-T6/AA2024-T6 joints. The process parameters which influence the quality characteristics of the joint like the frictional pressure, upset pressure, rotational speed and burn off length were varied in three levels and the experimental trials were designed by Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array. Yield strength, ultimate strength and micro-hardness in the weld area were observed as the responses for the various trials. Weighted S/N (WSN) ratio was calculated for each trial by utilizing the weights generated by simulated annealing (SA) algorithm. The optimal levels were sorted out by taking the WSN ratio as a measure of performance and a confirmation experiment was conducted for validation. The results of ANOVA had revealed the significant contribution of upset pressure in affecting the quality characteristics.
Optimization of Machining Parameters for CNC Turning of Different Materials
Authors: Saini Surendra Kumar , Pradhan Sharad Kumar
Published: July 2014

Abstract. This paper proposes an experimental investigation of the most influencing machining parameters like spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut on CNC turning of three metals viz. 316L Stainless steel, EN24 alloy steel and Ti 6 Al 4V alloy. Fractional factorial design with orthogonal array [L9 (33)] is employed for the optimization of these turning process parameters. All experiments were carried out using EMCO CNC 250 Turn machine with carbide cutting tool. The comparison revealed that feed rate and depth of cut are the most significant turning factors on surface roughness followed by spindle speed for these three metals.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Detonation Gun Coating Process through Greyrelation Analysis
Authors: Balan K.N. , Manimaran S. , Essam Ahamed M.A. , Rajan Amaladas John
Published: July 2014

Detonation gun spray coating method (D-Spray) is an effective method of coating process [4]. The surface property of material will be enhanced by deposition of coating powders such as metal oxides and ceramics like aluminium oxides, tungsten carbide, nickel chromium etc. which improves micro hardness, corrosion and wear resistant resistance property. This coating process is applicable in different engineering sectors such as aviation industry, marine industry, biomedical industry etc., In this Experimental study the Process parameter optimization of D-spray coating process with different coating powder was done by Taguchi design of experiment [2] and interrelationships among multiple response was analysed with Grey relation Analysis [2] in order to find the optimized processing conditions and to get higher quality of coating. Micro hardness Wear resistant, Surface roughness are the multiple responses estimated for various combinations of parameters and the optimum process parameters were obtained.
Optimization of Surface Roughness and Flank Wear in Turning SCM440 Alloy Steel Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Thirumalai Ramanathan , Srinivas S. , Vinodh T. , Kowshik Kumar A.L. , Kumar M. Kishore
Published: July 2014

The purpose of this research paper is focused on the analysis of optimum cutting conditions to get minimum surface roughness and minimal flank wear in turning SCM 440 alloy steel by Taguchi method. L9 orthogonal array is designed to conduct the experiments. Experiments are conducted on supercut 5XL Lathe using coated carbide tool. The process parameters are cutting speed, feed and depth of cut. Surface Roughness and Flank wear are selected as the responses. Surface Roughness is measured using Mitutoyo Surface roughness tester and Flank wear is predicted using SEM images after the experiments. The results are analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) method. The regression equations for the responses are determined and the probability plots are plotted and found satisfactory. The R-squared values are also calculated using analysis of variances and it is found that these values are close to the proximity level and satisfactory. Taguchi method is used to analyze the dominating parameters in minimization of surface roughness and minimization of flank wear.,
Optimization of Surface Roughness of AlMg1SiCu in Turning Operation Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Dhabale Rahul , Jatti Vijaykumar S. , Singh T.P.
Published: July 2014

Genetic algorithm has been proven as one of the most popular optimization techniques for the parametric optimization of conventional machining processes. In this study genetic algorithm has used to optimize the process parameters. Aim of the present study was to develop empirical model for predicting surface roughness in terms of spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut using multiple regressions modelling method. Experiments were carried out on NC controlled machine tool by taking AlMg1SiCu as workpiece material and carbide inserted cutting tool. Finally, genetic algorithm has been employed to find out the optimal setting of process parameters that optimize surface roughness. This provides flexibility to the manufacturing industries to choose the best setting depending on applications.
Optimization of Welding Process Parameters by Taguchi Method (Experimentation and Application)
Authors: Ramreddy B. , Choudhary D. , Kumar Sujeet
Published: July 2014

Recent evidences shows that the more and more manufacturing companies are recognizing the importance and necessity of quality improvement if they are to survive domestic and world-wide competition..Day by day technology is changing, accordingly the approach and the techniques to manage overall processes are also renewed. A systematic and efficient way to meet this challenge is the continuous process improvement.
The continuous process
improvement can
be achieved by practicing TQM concepts.
The important concepts
are optimization
of performance, quality and cost.. In this paper an attempt is made in an industry to optimize the process parameters of the welding process so that the overall performance of the process and the quality of product is improved. The Taguchi technique uses a tool called Orthogonal Array and a measure of quality called Signal-to-Noise ratio. .ANOVA is used to optimize the welding parameters (input parameters) to find the
responses {
output parameters)
.
The optimized input parameters are
used to
compare the output responses
for both theoretical
and actual
, those obtained from the profile projector. The actual values are found to be comparable to the calculated values.
Optimizing Feed Force in Turning Process Using Taguchi’s Parameter Design Approach
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Singh Hari
Published: July 2014

The objective of the paper is to obtain an optimal setting of turning process parameters (cutting speed, depth of cut and feed rate) resulting in an optimal value of the feed force when machining En19 steel with tungsten carbide cutting tool inserts. The effects of the selected turning process parameters on feed force and the subsequent optimal settings of the parameters have been accomplished using Taguchi’s parameter design approach. It was indicated by the results that the selected turning process parameters significantly affect the selected machining characteristic. The percent contributions of parameters as quantified in the S/N ANOVA envisage that the relative power of cutting speed (72.09 %) in controlling variation and mean feed force is significantly higher than that of the depth of cut (22.30 %) and feed rate (05.31 %). The predicted optimum feed force is 98.067 N. The results have been validated by the confirmation experiments.
Parametric Optimization of EDM Process of Aluminium Boron Carbide Composite Using Desirability Function Approach and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Thangadurai K.R. , Asha A.
Published: July 2014

Electric discharge machining process is an unconventional machining process primarily used for machining the materials such as difficult to machine in conventional machining process, hardest material and composite materials. In the present work, a study is made to find out the optimum EDM process parameters during machining of AA6061-15% boron carbide composite fabricated through stir casting technique. Three process parameters such as Current, pulse on time and pulse of time are opted as machining parameter variables. Response surface methodology is used to formulate the mathematical model for material removal rate, tool wear rate and surface roughness. Response surface methodology and genetic algorithm are applied to optimize the machining parameters individually by taking combined objective function and compared. Genetic algorithm optimization techniques yields better results than desirability approach. Key words: Electric discharge machining, MRR, TWR, Ra, RSM, Genetic algorithm
Prediction of Life of Die Block Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Kashid Sachin , Kumar Shailendra
Published: July 2014

Prediction of life of die block is an important activity of die design usually carried out by highly experienced die designers in sheet metal industries. In this paper, research work involved in the prediction of life of die block of compound die using artificial neural network (ANN) is presented. The parameters affecting life of die block are investigated through Finite Element Method (FEM) analysis and the critical simulation values are determined. Thereafter, an ANN model is developed using MATLAB. This ANN model is trained from FEM simulation results. The proposed ANN model is tested successfully on different die block. A sample run of the proposed ANN model is also demonstrated in this paper.
Prediction of Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites Reinforced with Feather Fibers of ‘Emu’ Bird
Authors: Sekhar Chandra V. , Pandurangadu V. , Subba Rao T.
Published: July 2014

Now a day’s researchers are focusing on natural fiber composites. In the present work composites were prepared with epoxy (Araldite LY-556) resin and ‘emu’ bird feathers as fiber. The composites were prepared by varying the weight percentage (P) of ‘emu’ fiber ranging from 1 to 5 and length (L) of feather fibers from 1 to 5 cm. The various mechanical properties like tensile strength, flexural strength; flexural modulus and impact strength were determined. An attempt is made to model the mechanical properties through response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is used to check the validity of the model. The results reveal that the developed models are suitable for prediction of mechanical properties of Epoxy ‘Emu’ Feather Fiber Composites.
Preparation and Characteriszation of Cu-Al-Be Shape Memory Alloys with Cr as Grain Refining Additive
Authors: Prashantha S. , Mallikarjun U.S. , Shashidhara S.M.
Published: July 2014

Cu-Al-Be ternary alloy was prepared by ingot metallurgy route. Cu-Al-Be SMAs exhibit good shape memory properties. With the addition of Cr as quaternary alloying element to the ternary Cu-Al-Be alloys, their shape memory properties have been improved. The ternary alloy was added with 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4wt. % Cr. The influence of the quaternary alloy was analyzed by Optical microscope, Hardness, Strain recovery and transformation temperature. With increase in Cr content, good grain refinement and less hardness have been observed. Good strain recovery was found in 0.2 % wt. Cr added alloy.
Reducing Tool Wear in CNC End Milling Operation Using Progressive Feed Rate
Authors: Badrinathan K.S. , Karunamoorthy L.
Published: July 2014

This study focuses on the effect of cutting parameters on the tool wear in a CNC end milling operation. Major factors which influence the tool wear are spindle speed, feed rate and depth of cut. Conventionally constant feed rate is used. In this work a concept of progressive feed rate is introduced. AISI 1045 steel has been chosen as it is widely used in manufacturing. Design of Experiments (DOE) technique was adopted to conduct the experiments. Experiments were conducted for both the existing and the proposed feed rate method and the tool wear was compared. A statistical model was developed using Design Expert software. The predicted values were compared with the experimental values and were found to be in close agreement. The model adequacy was checked using ANOVA technique.
Analysis of Powder Metallurgy Process Parameters for Relative Density of Low Carbon Alloy Steel Using Design of Experiments Tool
Authors: Sandeep Sandeep , Prakash Ujjwal , Tewari P.C. , Khanduja Dinesh
Published: July 2014

The main aim of present research paper is to analyze the influence of compaction load and sintering temperature on relative density of low carbon alloy steel. The alloy steel powder has been compacted at different loads and sintering at different temperatures. The compaction of alloy steel has been done with a circular die of 20 mm internal diameter and 100 mm height at different load and sintering temperature. With the application of hydrostatic stress, the pores will be removed and relative density will increase. So, relative density value will increase simultaneously. This experimental study presents how relative density can be improved by using Powder Metallurgy route. The results are further analyzed with the help of Analysis of Variance using Design of Experiments Tool.
Selection of Materials Using Multi Criteria Decision Making Method by Considering Physical and Mechanical Properties of Jute/Al2O3 Composites
Authors: Swain Priyadarshi Tapas Ranjan , Biswas Sandhyarani
Published: July 2014

Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method plays a key role to find out the best option from all possible alternatives. From different application areas Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) is one of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method to find out the correct result. TOPSIS is a real-world and valuable procedure for ranking and selection of a number of externally determined substitutes through distance measures. In this paper, application of techniques for order preference by similarity of an ideal solution (TOPSIS) method is applied for solving multiple criteria (objective) optimization problem in mechanical and physical properties of jute/Al2O3 fiber based hybrid composites. The best performance value of composite is designed from ideal solution and as well as the worst performance value of composite is designed for negative-ideal solution. The results have demonstrated the model to be both robust and efficient.
Studies on Mechanical and Machinability Properties of B4Cp Reinforced 6061Aluminum MMC Produced via Melt Stirring
Authors: Hiremath Vijaykumar , Dundur S.T. , Bharath Raj L. , Rajesh G.L. , Auradi V.
Published: July 2014

Aluminum boron carbide metal matrix composites (Al-MMC) have got wide applications in aeronautical and automobile industries due to their excellent mechanical and physical properties. Due to the presence of harder reinforcement particles, machining of these composites is a difficult task. The results of experimental investigation on mechanical and machinability properties of Boron carbide particle (B4Cp) reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites are presented in this paper.The influence of reinforced ratio of 7 wt% of B4Cp on mechanical properties was examined. It was observed that addition of B4Cp reinforcement resulted in improvement in hardness and tensile strengths to the extent of 71% and 38.4% respectively. Fabricated samples were turned on medium duty lathe of 3 kW spidle power with Poly crystalline diamond tool (PCD) of 10 μm particle size at various cutting conditions. The effect of machining parameters, e.g. cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on cutting forces and formation of BUE was studied.
Studies on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Al2O3 Reinforced AA5083 Matrix Composite
Authors: Senthilkumar R. , Arunkumar N. , Manzoor Hussain Mohammed , Vijayaraj R.
Published: July 2014

The expectations over novel composite materials have been increased especially in automotive and aerospace applications due to its superior weight to strength ratio and tailored mechanical properties. In this frame work, aluminum alloy AA5083 alloy matrix reinforced with micron (10% wt – 5% wt) and nanoparticles (1% wt – 5% wt) of Al2O3. The composite samples were fabricated through powder metallurgy route. Optimum amount of reinforcement were determined by evaluating mechanical properties like micro-hardness and compressive strength of composites. The characterizations were probed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) methods. The results reveal that the composites containing 2% wt of nanoAl2O3 and 8 % micro Al2O3 reinforcement witnessed superior mechanical properties due to its combined effect of concentration and particulate scale and the great isotropic behavior was achieved by homogenous dispersion of reinforcement in the matrix phase.
Synthesis and Characterization of Al7075, Al7075-10 Vol. % Al2O3 Composite Prepared by High-Energy Ball Milling
Authors: Raja C. , Devi R. , Sivaprakash S. , Anandakrishnan V.
Published: July 2014

Al7075 and Al2O3 powders were synthesized via high-energy ball mill for 15 h. Al7075 powders were mixed with 10 vol. % Al2O3, compacted by cold uniaxial compaction at 400 MPa. The green pellets were degassed at 350 oC for 30 min, and then sintered in the temperature of 600 oC under argon atmosphere for 120 min. It was shown that better density, vickers micro hardness and corrosion resistance were achieved due to refinement of grain size. HRTEM micrographs demonstrated a uniform distribution of Al2O3 particles in aluminium alloy and equilibrium η (MgZn2) precipitates along the grain boundaries.
Application of Desirability Analysis for Optimizing the Micro Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (μWEDM) Parameters
Authors: Santhanakumar M. , R Adalarasan , Rajmohan M.
Published: July 2014

Close tolerance and precision requirements of biomedical components and miniaturization of sensors has given micro wire electrical discharge machining (μWEDM) a substantial amount of research attention. The process parameters like gap voltage, capacitance, wire feed rate and wire tension play an important role in influencing the quality characteristics of the machined parts. The challenge lies in selecting the optimal machining parameter combination to achieve the desired surface finish and metal removal rate in a multi input multi output process like μWEDM. The process parameters were varied at three levels and Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array was used to design and conduct the experiments. Desirability analysis was applied for predicting the optimal setting of machining parameters and ANOVA results had revealed the significant role of wire feed rate and gap voltage in affecting the quality characteristics of the process
The Effect of Intermetallic Phases on Ductile to Brittle Transition of Aluminium-Iron Alloy
Authors: Shamim Shahrukh , Sharma Gaurav , Sasikumar Chandrabalan
Published: July 2014

The effect of intermetallic phases and grain size on ductile to brittle transition temperature of Aluminium-Iron alloy (Al–11% Fe) was investigated in this research work. An Izod impact testing method was adopted to study the DBTT in the temperature interval of 77 K to 373 K. The ductile-brittle transition points: fracture transition plastic (FTP), fracture-appearance transition temperature (FATT), impact energy transition temperature (IETT), fractional surface area of cleavage (brittle) and fibrous (ductile) fractures and grain size of the samples were also determined. The fracture toughness of Al-Fe alloy found decreasing with temperature in contrast to conventional materials. The fractographic investigation revealed that the microstructural changes play a major role in determining the fracture toughness of these alloys. Annealing of these samples slightly improved the fracture toughness as the spherical morphology of intermetallic particles resists the crack propagation.
The Effect of Process Parameters on the Friction Stir Processed AS7U3G Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Baruch L. John , Raju R. , Balasubramanian V. , Dinaharan I.
Published: July 2014

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a solid-state process leading to very significant microstructural modifications. Despite the large number of studies, most of the work that has been done in the FSP field focuses on microstructural evolution, tensile properties, hardness, fatigue strength, corrosion resistance etc. However there is not much information available on correlation of FSP parameters with evolution of defect free processed zone. In order to produce a defect free processed zone, selecting the best processing parameters is very important. In this investigation, the effect of two main FSP parameters (such as tool rotational speed which was kept constant and tool transverse speed which was varied) on the formation/ evolution of defect free processed zone was studied. It is found that at a tool rotational speed 600 rpm and a traverse speed of 12 mm/min the processed zone is defect free. Numerous investigations have been conducted to understand material flow behavior during FSW/FSP. However, the flow process of material during FSW/FSP is still not well-understood, and different explanations have been proposed. In this investigation an attempt has been made to understand the flow of material during FSP and it is reported.
The Influence of Process Variables on Machinability of Hardened Tool Steel during the Hard Turning under Eco-Friendly Cooling Environment
Authors: Venkatesh Kannappan , Senthilvelan Thiyagarajan
Published: July 2014

Recent developments in cutting tool technology and its environmental impact have made significant revolutions in hard turning process thereby increasing the productivity level and enhancing the surface integrity of machined components competitively. In this experimental work, the machinability aspects, surface finish and tool life w`ere investigated during hard turning of hardened AISI D3 tool steel work materials with wiper geometry ceramic inserts under eco-friendly compressed air cooling environment. The process variables such as cutting speed, feed rate, tool nose radius, hardness levels of work materials and compressed air pressure were considered for this study. Since the tool nose design influences the machinability aspects, the cutting tool nose radius was considered as one of the vital process parameters. The design of experimental sequence and analysis of experiment data were carried with the help of Design Expert, DOE software. The combinations of Taguchi L16 orthogonal array and ANOVA technique have been applied for evaluating the process outcomes with reference to cutting variables. From the current experiment results, it is observed that combination of wiper ceramic insert with large nose radius and lower levels of compressed air pressure and work piece hardness (HRC) were resulting in higher surface quality with prolonged cutting tool life.
Three Dimensional Analysis of Combined Forward and Backward Extrusion-Forging Process Using DEFORM 3D
Authors: Potnuru Srikar , Vinjamuri Raviteja , Sahoo Susant Kumar , Sahoo Santosh Kumar
Published: July 2014

Combined extrusion-forging is used in the manufacturing of a wide range of engineering components. Due to the complexity of the forming process and because of so many process variables, it is difficult to predict the forming load required to manufacture a given component. It is very costly to conduct different trail runs to know the metal flow patterns, and for redesigning of tool and die setup, etc. The present paper deals with the Finite element analysis of combined forward and backward extrusion-forging process for the product shape socket wrench. Two types of socket wrenches, Square-square type and hexagon-square type have been taken for the present analysis. The modelling has been done by using 3D modelling software CATIA and simulation through the Finite element based package DEFORM 3D software. The forming load can be estimated by the results obtained from the Finite element analysis through DEFORM 3D software.
A Fuzzy Logic Based Model to Predict Weld Width – A Case Study of Hard Facing Process Using MIG Welding on Dual Plate Check Valve
Authors: Sheth Saurin , Modi Bhavin S. , Patel Tejas , George P.M.
Published: July 2014

Welding input parameters play a very significant role in determining the quality of a weld joint. The joint quality can be defined in terms of weld-bead geometry. The 23 replication with 4 center points experiments are performed on non-return valve material WCB by varying various MIG Welding process parameters. Here welding current, welding speed and gas flow rate are considered as input parameters with two levels. A fuzzy model is developed to predict the weld width in context of these input parameters. Fuzzy model uses fuzzy expert rules, triangular membership function and centroid area method for defuzzyfication process using MATLAB fuzzy logic tool box. The developed model is validated by performing experiments at center points. The result shows prediction may lie in the range of 95.18-100%.
Wavelet Transform Based Recognition of Machined Surfaces Using Computer Vision
Authors: Ravi Keerthi C. , Srinivasa P. Pai , Vishwanatha J.S.
Published: July 2014

This paper presents wavelet based recognition of the machined surfaces namely turned, ground and shaped surfaces from the images acquired using Computer Vision System. Selection of mother wavelet has been done based on the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) value using Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) which has been used for feature extraction. Artificial neural network has been used to recognize the machined surfaces.
Effect of Annealing on Fracture Toughness Evaluation of Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8 Fe0.2O3−δ (BSCF) at Different Temperatures
Authors: Sikder Bablu , Chanda Abhijit
Published: July 2014

An experimental study on the fracture toughness of BSCF samples were conducted at room temperature as well as elevated temperatures (upto 800°C). The results showed a typical variation of fracture toughness and fracture stress with temperature. It decreased upto 600°C and then increased to reach a comparatively higher value at 800°C. Without annealing the samples showed comparatively higher fracture toughness because of the presence of compressive residual stress.
Calculations of Equilibrium and Non-Equilibrium Properties of Molecule-Cluster Mixtures of Oxygen
Authors: Kurlapov Lev , Kassymov Askar
Published: July 2014

The number of gas molecules and the volume of the vessel are used as independent arguments in the equation of state. It allows one to use this description in difficult conditions when variability in the number of moles of the structural elements and in the molar volume plays an appreciable role. Application of the kinetic model of the processes in multicomponent mixtures allowed one to determine the area of macroparameters, where mesoscopic properties of large clusters appear in thermal diffusion: thermal diffusion coefficient for them corresponds to liquids.