bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevention and control of infectious disease transmission in subways: an improved susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered model
Authors: Zhou Fang , Hou Fang , Wang Jiangtao , Ma Qiaoyun , Luo Lanfen
Published: December 2024

Introduction

A well-connected transportation network unites localities but also accelerates the transmission of infectious diseases. Subways—an important aspect of daily travel in big cities—are high-risk sites for the transmission of urban epidemics. Intensive research examining the transmission mechanisms of infectious diseases in subways is necessary to ascertain the risk of disease transmission encountered by commuters.

Methods

In this study, we improve the susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered (SEIR) model and propose the susceptible–exposed–infected–asymptomatic infected (SEIA) model. First, we added asymptomatic patients to the improved model as a parameter to explore the role of asymptomatic patients in the transmission of infectious diseases in a subway. The numbers of boarding and alighting passengers were added to the model as two time-varying parameters to simulate the exchange of passengers at each station.

Results

The improved model could simulate the transmission of infectious diseases in subways and identify the key factors of transmission. We then produced an example of the transmission of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in a subway using real subway passenger data substituted into the model for the calculations.

Discussion

We ascertained that the number of exposed people continuously increased with the operation of the subway. Asymptomatic patients had a greater impact on the transmission of infectious diseases than infected people in the course of transmission. The SEIA model constructed in this study accurately determined the spread of infectious diseases in a subway and may also be applicable to studies on the transmission of infectious diseases in other urban public transport systems.
Reducing the carbon footprint of railway sleepers using recycled plastics
Authors: Luomala Heikki , Halme Rami , Jönkkäri Ilari
Published: December 2024

The primary contributors to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in railway transport include the energy consumed during transportation, the materials used for infrastructure construction, and maintenance. Track structures commonly employ materials with a substantial carbon footprint, such as concrete and steel. This article explores the feasibility of using materials with a smaller carbon footprint for track structures. Recycled plastics that are currently incinerated might serve as a viable alternative. The key research question revolves around whether GHG emissions resulting from track construction and maintenance can be reduced by utilizing recycled plastics. Among various track components, sleepers were chosen as a potential application for recycled plastic due to their substantial material usage and consequent impact on overall emissions. The study also investigated the necessary material properties for plastic sleepers and assessed whether recycled plastic could meet those requirements. The study investigated recycled plastic fractions, including waste materials recycled by incineration, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) from waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), and a byproduct of liquid packaging cardboard repulping (LPB repulping reject). These materials offer a reduced carbon footprint because they have already completed one life cycle and can still be recycled as material. To assess their mechanical properties, laboratory tests were conducted on injection-molded test rods made from recycled plastic components. These rods underwent tensile and bending tests using a universal testing device. Additionally, the softening temperatures of the materials were measured through Vicat and HDT tests. Finally, based on the amount of waste material flows, the emission reduction potential obtained using recycled plastic was evaluated. Recycled ABS is significantly more suitable for use in track structures due to its superior mechanical durability compared to LPB repulping reject. Additionally, recycling ABS as a sleeper material significantly reduces overall GHG emissions compared to incineration.
Rice Yield Estimation Based on Cumulative Time Series Vegetation Indices of UAV MS and RGB Images
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Weiqiang , Sheng Yali , Anwar Sumera , Su Xiangxiang , Nian Ying , Yue Hu , Ma Qiang , Liu Jikai , Li Xinwei
Published: December 2024

Timely and accurate yield estimation is essential for effective crop management and the grain trade. Remote sensing has emerged as a valuable tool for monitoring rice yields; however, many studies concentrate on a single period or simply aggregate multiple periods, neglecting the complexities underlying yield formation. The study enhances yield estimation by integrating cumulative time series vegetation indices (VIs) from multispectral (MS) and RGB (Red, Green, Blue) sensors to identify optimal combinations of growth periods. We utilized two unmanned aerial vehicle to capture spectral information from rice canopies through MS and RGB sensors. By analyzing the correlations between vegetation indices from different sensors and rice yields, the optimal MS-VIs and RGB-VIs for each period were identified. Following this, the relationship between the cumulative time series of MS-VIs, RGB-VIs, and rice yields was further examined. The results demonstrate that the booting stage is a crucial growth period influencing rice yield, with VIs exhibiting increased correlation with yield, peaking during this stage before declining. For the MS sensor, the rice yield model, based on the cumulative time series of MS-VIs from the tillering stage to the panicle initiation stage, achieves optimal accuracy (R2 = 0.722, RRMSE = 0.555). For the RGB sensor, the rice yield model, based on the cumulative time series of RGB-VIs from the tillering stage to the grain-filling stage, yields the highest accuracy (R2 = 0.727, RRMSE = 0.526). In comparison, the multi-sensor rice yield model, which combines the cumulative time series of MS-VIs from the tillering stage and RGB-VIs from the panicle initiation to grain-filling stages, achieves the highest accuracy with R2 = 0.759 and RRMSE = 0.513. These findings suggest that cumulative time series VIs and the integration of multiple sensors enhance yield prediction accuracy, providing a comprehensive approach for estimating rice yield dynamics and supporting precision agriculture and informed crop management.
Simulation Studies of Dynamical Heterogeneity in a Dense Two-Dimensional Dimer–Solvent System with Obstacles
Authors: Polanowski Piotr , Sikorski Andrzej
Published: December 2024

A coarse-grained model of a two-dimensional colloidal suspension was designed. The model was athermal and, in addition, a lattice approximation was introduced. It consisted of solvent (monomer) molecules, dimer molecules, and immobile impenetrable obstacles that introduced additional heterogeneity into the system. Dynamic properties were determined by a Monte Carlo simulation using the dynamic lattice liquid simulation algorithm. It is shown that there is a range of obstacle concentrations in which different diffusion characteristics were observed for dimers and solvents. In the system studied, it is possible to define the ranges of concentrations of individual components (solvent, dimers, and obstacles), in which the nature of the movement of dimers and solvents is different (normal diffusion vs. subdiffusion). The ratio of diffusion coefficients of solvent molecules and dimers for short times does not depend on the concentration of obstacles, while for long times, the ratio increases but remains independent of the concentration of the dimer.
Accelerating Batched Power Flow on Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Platform
Authors: Hao Jiao , Zhang Zongbao , He Zonglin , Liu Zhengyuan , Tan Zhengdong , Song Yankan
Published: December 2024

As the scale of China’s interconnected power grid continues to expand, traditional serial computing methods are no longer sufficient for the rapid analysis and computation of electrical networks with tens of thousands of nodes due to their small scale and low efficiency. To enhance the capability of online grid analysis, this paper introduces an accelerating batched power flow calculation method based on a heterogeneous CPU-GPU platform. This method, based on the fast decoupled method, combined with the tremendous parallel computing capability of GPUs with the multi-threaded parallel processing of CPUs, efficiently resolves the exceeding bus type conversion issues in GPU-batched power flow calculation and improves the accuracy of the power flow calculations. Then, a binary-based power flow data exchange format was introduced, which utilizes a single binary file for data exchange. This format significantly minimizes I/O time overhead and reduces file size, further enhancing the method’s efficiency. Case studies on real-world power grids demonstrate its high accuracy and reliability. Compared to the traditional single-threaded power flow calculation method, this method dramatically reduces time consumption in batch power flow calculations. It proves the significant advantages of dealing with large-scale power flow calculations.
Establishment of a Temperature–Pressure Coupling Model for a Tubular String in a Carbon Dioxide Injection Well
Authors: Cao Yinping , Chen Xinwei , Lin Wenwen , Du Heng , Hu Yijie
Published: December 2024

Tubular string temperature and pressure are important parameters in string mechanics analysis. Thus, accurately calculating temperature and pressure in the injection process is fundamental for analyzing the tubular string mechanics of CO2 injection wells. Based on the S-W equation of state and Vesovic models, we modeled the physical properties of CO2. Then, based on the physical properties of CO2, combined with the theory of heat transfer and three conservation laws, a temperature–pressure coupling model of a tubular string was established. Lastly, the temperature and pressure field distributions of the G66X1 well were determined using the alternating iteration method. According to a comparison of the established model and the actual data, the maximum error in predicting temperature was 4.1% and the maximum error in predicting pressure was 2.3%; thus, the model exhibits a high level of accuracy. In the final section, the model was used to study the influence of injection temperature on the tubular string temperature and pressure field distribution. Next, we studied the influence of the injection time, displacement, and pressure on the bottom hole temperature. This study provides a reference for predicting the wellbore temperature and pressure in CO2 injection wells.
Impact of Physiotherapy on Shoulder Kinematics in Swimmers with Swimmer’s Shoulder Pain
Authors: Raffini Alessandra , Martini Miriam , Mazzari Laura , Buoite Stella Alex , Deodato Manuela , Murena Luigi , Accardo Agostino
Published: December 2024

Swimmer’s shoulder is a common condition among elite swimmers, often leading to pain and reduced performance. Fatigue can exacerbate this condition by affecting shoulder strength, proprioception, and range of motion, potentially increasing the risk of overuse injuries. This preliminary study aimed to evaluate the impact of physiotherapy treatment and the effects of fatigue on shoulder kinematics using inertial and magnetic measurement units (IMUs). Five male swimmers (aged 21–27) with at least 3 years of training and suffering from swimmer’s shoulder pain participated in the study. The protocol included three sessions: dry front crawl exercises using one arm in the first and third sessions, and a fatiguing swimming exercise in the second. IMUs were used to capture 3D rotation angles, focusing on flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, and internal/external rotations during the first and third sessions. Stroke amplitude was analyzed before and after the physiotherapy treatment and fatiguing exercise. The results showed a significant increase in internal/external rotation amplitude post-fatigue before physiotherapy (p = 0.03), with a non-significant decrease in flexion/extension after treatment, suggesting improved shoulder stabilization. Despite these preliminary findings being based on a reduced number of participants, they indicate that physiotherapy may enhance shoulder motion control in swimmers with shoulder pain. Nevertheless, further studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these results.
Child-Centric Robot Dialogue Systems: Fine-Tuning Large Language Models for Better Utterance Understanding and Interaction
Authors: Kim Da-Young , Lym Hyo Jeong , Lee Hanna , Lee Ye Jun , Kim Juhyun , Kim Min-Gyu , Baek Yunju
Published: December 2024

Dialogue systems must understand children’s utterance intentions by considering their unique linguistic characteristics, such as syntactic incompleteness, pronunciation inaccuracies, and creative expressions, to enable natural conversational engagement in child–robot interactions. Even state-of-the-art large language models (LLMs) for language understanding and contextual awareness cannot comprehend children’s intent as accurately as humans because of their distinctive features. An LLM-based dialogue system should acquire the manner by which humans understand children’s speech to enhance its intention reasoning performance in verbal interactions with children. To this end, we propose a fine-tuning methodology that utilizes the LLM–human judgment discrepancy and interactive response data. The former data represent cases in which the LLM and human judgments of the contextual appropriateness of a child’s answer to a robot’s question diverge. The latter data involve robot responses suitable for children’s utterance intentions, generated by the LLM. We developed a fine-tuned dialogue system using these datasets to achieve human-like interpretations of children’s utterances and to respond adaptively. Our system was evaluated through human assessment using the Robotic Social Attributes Scale (RoSAS) and Sensibleness and Specificity Average (SSA) metrics. Consequently, it supports the effective interpretation of children’s utterance intentions and enables natural verbal interactions, even in cases with syntactic incompleteness and mispronunciations.
Humanity Test—EEG Data Mediated Artificial Intelligence Multi-Person Interactive System
Authors: Fang Fang , Gao Tanhao , Wu Jie
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are widely applied in various industries and everyday life, particularly in fields such as virtual assistants, healthcare, and education. However, this paper highlights that existing research has often overlooked the philosophical and media aspects. To address this, we developed an interactive system called “Human Nature Test”. In this context, “human nature” refers to emotion and consciousness, while “test” involves a critical analysis of AI technology and an exploration of the differences between humanity and technicality. Additionally, through experimental research and literature analysis, we found that the integration of electroencephalogram (EEG) data with AI systems is becoming a significant trend. The experiment involved 20 participants, with two conditions: C1 (using EEG data) and C2 (without EEG data). The results indicated a significant increase in immersion under the C1 condition, along with a more positive emotional experience. We summarized three design directions: enhancing immersion, creating emotional experiences, and expressing philosophical concepts. Based on these findings, there is potential for further developing EEG data as a medium to enrich interactive experiences, offering new insights into the fusion of technology and human emotion.
Micro Coriolis Mass Flow Sensor with Large Channel Diameter Realized by HNA Wet Etching
Authors: Yu Qihui , Bonnema Maarten J. S. , Yariesbouei Mahdieh , Wiegerink Remco J. , Lötters Joost C.
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces a Coriolis mass flow and density sensor. The sensor is made using Surface Channel Technology (SCT) but with selective wet etching to create the channels. This method forms suspended microfluidic channels with a larger cross-sectional area. Because of this larger cross-sectional area, the sensor has a much higher flow range, up to 50 g h−1 (for water) with a pressure drop of 1 bar, compared to the standard SCT-based Coriolis sensor, which is only 1.2 g h−1. The channel has a semi-elliptical cross-sectional area, measuring 200 micrometers wide and 70 micrometers deep. The channel wall is made of a stack of thin films with a total thickness of 2.5 μm. Water, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), and nitrogen (N2) are used to test and evaluate the sensor’s mass flow and density sensing performance.
ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI FINANCIAL DISTRESS DENGAN PENDEKATAN ALTMAN Z-SCORE PADA PERUSAHAAN CONSUMER NON-CYCLICAL YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2020-2023
Authors: Putri Lestari  , Imronudin
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence financial distress with the Altman Z-score approach in non-cyclical consumer companies listed on the IDX in 2020-2023. This research is included in quantitative research. The population in this study uses companies in the consumer non-cyclical sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Sampling using probability random sampling. The data source used is secondary data. Data collection techniques through reading and analyzing various literature books, journals, and also theses. As well as the use of the website through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), namely www.idx.co.id and the official website owned by the Company. The data analysis technique uses data processing assistance through excel 2019 software and Eviews or Econometric Views version 12 with the regression analysis method. The results of the study are that profitability and total asset turnover have a positive and significant effect on financial distress. Leverage has a negative and significant effect on financial distress. However, simultaneously the independent variables in this study, namely profitability, leverage, and total assets turnover, have an overall influence on financial distress.
Lattice Structures of Multi-Fuzzy Soft Sets
Authors: İşçi Rabia , Yılmaz Şerife
Published: December 2024

The multi-fuzzy soft set theory has recently been introduced and it has started to be applied in some fields such as decision making and medical diagnosis. In this paper, algebraic structure of multi-fuzzy soft sets is studied. Several related properties of some operations on multi-fuzzy soft sets are investigated. Two lattice structures of multi-fuzzy soft sets are constructed. It is shown that these lattices are distributive and whence modular. Additionally, the ordering relations on the lattices of multi-fuzzy soft sets are presented. Moreover, by giving an example, it is indicated that some pairs of operations on multi-fuzzy soft sets do not satisfy the absorption rule which is necessary to form a lattice. So it is proved that a lattice structure cannot be constructed by using these operations.
L’accompagnement dans le deuil renforce les enfants et leur familles
Authors: Honegger Rachel , Frei Riccarda , Abbruzzese Monteagudo Rosanna
Published: December 2024

Le deuil n’est pas une maladie – non, le deuil est une réaction naturelle, psychique et parfois aussi physique à une perte. Par contre un deuil refoulé ou non vécu peut effectivement rendre malade. Il est donc important de laisser de l’espace au deuil, aussi et déjà dans des situations palliatives
The importance of the use of technology for life care in communities of Mexico
Authors: Flores-Azcanio Nancy P. , García-Hernández Alitzel B.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to examined how technology can constitute a fundamental tool for caring for life in communities in Mexico. Through a qualitative approach, the relevance of technology and its implementation in improving the well-being of communities in vulnerable situations was investigated. First, a systematic literature review was carried out to demonstrate the relevance of technology in marginalized environments. The essential theoretical concepts that are linked to the care and maintenance of life are presented. Second, an analysis of the case of Jiquipilco, of the local products that rural producers want to spread. Finally, technological strategies were studied by the implementation of the design of a virtual tour in Jiquipilco rural zone, to optimize both the productivity and well-being of this community.
Linking individual emotional abilities and precepts of educational innovation
Authors: Hernández-Cueto Jaquelina Lizet , Flores-González Velia María , López-Covarrubias Jacqueline , Ortiz-Muza Rosa Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

The present study shows the underlying relationships between the individual emotional abilities of teachers at different educational levels and the precepts of educational innovation measured through neurodidactics and technology. The methodology used was quantitative, for which an instrument was developed with 48 variables, of which 45 were numerical ratios with a decimal scale and 3 were nominal to describe the sample. The contribution of this proposal is to offer a more human vision of the teacher and his pedagogical tendency with innovative elements.
State of the art on the importance of research and knowledge dissemination in scientific journals
Authors: González-Vázquez Isidro
Published: December 2024

Scientific research and its dissemination in specialized journals are fundamental pillars for the advancement of knowledge and social development. This exploratory study examines the state of the art on the relevance of research and the dissemination of knowledge in scientific publications, focusing on the context of Mexican universities, particularly Technological Universities. The analysis ranges from the generation of knowledge to the challenges that researchers face in the publication process, highlighting the importance of scientific dissemination in today's society and its impact on the quality of life of the population.
Importance of information systems in business decision making for the optimization of administrative accounting processes
Authors: Dominguez-Lugo Alma Jovita , Castorena-Peña Jesús Abraham , Cantú-González José Roberto , De la Rosa-Luna Noelia
Published: December 2024

Most companies have the ability to take advantage of technological advances, and to do so, information systems manage to manipulate data, manage it and interpret it, in such a way that it is useful for any important decision within the production and administrative areas. The accounting area is one of the processes with the greatest workload, especially when it comes to billing. Government agencies release relevant information on a daily basis regarding the currency exchange rate, as well as the status of natural and/or legal persons, an important issue for decision-making in administrative accounting processes.
El multiplicador fiscal en Argentina
Authors:   , Borgo Julián
Published: December 2024

Este trabajo estudia el multiplicador del gasto público en Argentina desde un ángulo no abordado por la literatura previa para el país: su potencial dependencia del contexto macroeconómico. En particular, se evalúa si un shock de gasto público tiene impactos diferenciales sobre la actividad económica según: i) la fase del ciclo económico; ii) el régimen de tipo de cambio; iii) el grado de apertura comercial; y iv) el nivel de endeudamiento público. Utilizando la metodología de proyecciones locales de Jordà (2005) y la estrategia de identificación de Blanchard & Perotti (2002), los principales resultados indican que en promedio el multiplicador del gasto público en Argentina es, en línea con evidencia previa, menor a 1. Además, i) no se encuentran multiplicadores diferentes entre recesiones y expansiones económicas; ii) durante períodos de tipo de cambio fijo (flexible) el multiplicador es mayor a 2 (no difiere estadísticamente de cero); iii) en el corto plazo, los multiplicadores son levemente mayores en contextos de baja apertura comercial y bajo endeudamiento público. Estos resultados se encuentran en línea con la evidencia internacional y con las predicciones típicas de los modelos IS-LM y Mundell-Fleming. En su conjunto las estimaciones pueden ser útiles para pensar el diseño de la política fiscal en Argentina.
Estudio de la acción antimicrobiana de sustancias relacionadas con la vitamina K
Authors:   , Domínguez de Cremaschi María Stella
Published: December 2024

Siguiendo ol procedimiento do las diluciones seriadas, utilizando medios líquidos, se ha determinado el poder antimícrobiano de 18 sustanoias derivadas do la vitamina K4, con agrupación amonio cuaternario, frente a 48 cepas de microorganismos Gram positivos y negativos.
Open Research as an Ally to Teaching and Scholarship-Track Academics
Authors: Pownall Madeleine , Soicher Raechel N. , Nordmann Emily
Published: December 2024

‘Open research’ broadly aims to enhance the openness, transparency, and robustness of research across disciplines. While existing efforts have largely focused on improving the quality of research outputs, we argue that certain open research tools can also offer strategic benefits for Teaching and Scholarship (T&S) academics who engage primarily in educational or pedagogical research. Given the challenges in conducting high-quality pedagogical research, the adoption of open research tools may support T&S academics, by increasing research visibility, informing and refining methodological decision-making, and enhancing the efficacy and impact of pedagogical research. In this paper, we outline three key open research tools that may strategically benefit T&S academics: (1) preprints, (2) registered reports, and (3) sharing open educational resources. For each tool, we provide an overview, discuss how T&S academics can integrate them to improve their practice, and offer illustrative case studies. This discussion draws on the conceptualisation of high-quality pedagogical research outlined by Evans et al. (2021). We end with a call to researchers to align open research efforts with pedagogical scholarship, which will, in turn, improve pedagogical practice.
Mapping the Distribution of Detected Cases in the Region with a Low Tuberculosis
Incidence Rate
Authors: Lapshina Irina S. , Zakharova Marina V. , Tsybikova Erzheny B.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: A decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in the regions of the Russian Federation is accompanied by spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of detected TB cases in their municipal districts, which requires optimization of planning annual periodic health examinations aimed at early detection of TB in the population.
Objective: To establish spatial distribution of detected tuberculosis cases in the municipal districts of the Kaluga Region.
Materials and methods: We used data from Rosstat report forms Nos. 8 and 30 for 2019–2023, QGIS 3.36.1, and Statistica software to map the spatial distribution of detected TB cases. The correlation coefficient (r) and the Fisher’s exact test were used for the analysis. The differences were regarded as statistically significant at p < 0.05.
Results: We identified the Northern and the Southern Clusters comprising 459 detected TB cases in the Kaluga Region, the former including 75 % of the patients. The density of TB cases in the Northern Cluster per square kilometer was 4 times higher than in the Southern Cluster. Tuberculosis case detection rates in the Northern Cluster were 71.7 %, 78.8 %, and 79 % in the years 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively, which indicated a higher risk of TB spread among the population living in this territory.
Conclusion: The cluster analysis of spatial distribution of newly detected TB cases across municipal districts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation allows timely measures to be taken to optimize scheduling of annual tuberculosis screening among the population.
Review On: Transdermal Herbal Drug Delivery System
Authors: Bhakti Ms Khara , Sneha Ms Kumbhar , Dhanashri Ms Khatal , Pratiksha Ms Kadam , Rohit MrAmbare , Aniketh Mr Surve , Swapnil Dr Phade
Published: December 2024

Novel herbal drug delivery system opens new
wister‟s for delivery of herbal drugs at right place.
At right concentration, for height right period of
time. And also gives scientific angle to verify the
standardization of herbal drug, several novel herbal
delivery systems have been successfully developed
in recent year like, liposomes, Phytosomes , solid
liquid nanoparticles, ethosomes , micro emulsions
and various other vesicular system. Transdermal
drug delivery System (TDDS) also known as
patches are dosage forms designed to deliver a
therapeutically effective amount of drug across a
patient Skin. This system is one the very effective
ways of delivering drug to the body. These are
topically administered medicaments. Transdermal
patches are pharmaceutical preparation of varying
Sizes, containing one or more active ingredient
intended to be applied on the unbroken Skin. The
present analysis emphases on the herbal approach
in TDDS and eliminating the inconvenience caused
in oral route of administration such as, unpleasant
taste, odour, colour and side effects like gastric
uncertainty. Transdermal drug delivery, offers
Controlled release of the drug into the patient, it
enables a steady blood level profile, resulting in
reduced systemic Side effects and, sometimes,
improved efficacy over other dosage forms. TDDS
has abundant advantages more than usual. Drug
delivery route. It involves penetration.
Enhancement technique to improve bioavailability
and increase the rang of drug for which topical and
transdermal is the viable option To Improve Such
character‟s transdermal drug delivery system
(TDDS) was emerged which will improve the
therapeutic efficacy and Safety the drug thereby
reducing both the size and number of doses.
Transdermal patch is an adhesive patch that has a
Coating of medicine (drug) that is placed on the
skin to deliver specific dose of the medicine (drug)
into the bloodstream over the period of time with
the view transdermal films incorporating herbal
drug Components. This review article provides an
overview of types of transdermal patches, method
of preparation and its evaluation parameter. The
objective and aim of the transdermal drug delivery
system is topically administered drug in the form of
patches that is delivering the drug in the body
through the skin for systemic effect at a
predetermined time period .The herbal drugs can be
utilized in a better form with enhanced efficacy by
incorporating them in modern dosage forms. This
can be achieved by designing novel drug delivery
systems for herbal constituents.
A Review on: Herbal Thin Film Forming Solution
Authors: Bhakti Ms Kharat , Sneha Ms Kumbhar , Dhanashri Ms Khatal , Rohit Mr Ambare , Pratiksha Ms Kadam , Aniketh Mr Surve , Swapnil Dr Phade
Published: December 2024

The strength of any Partial formulation deepens
effective level. This limitation can be overcome by
development of enhanced bioavailability and better
stability of phyto constituents the better therapeutic
effect Several novel herbal delivery systems have
been successfully developed Topical film forming
system is novel approach for treatment of skin
diseases give both topical and transdermal
treatment, FFS is defined a non-solid doses form
which produces film in situ i.e., on the evaporation
of vehicle excipients in the formulations form film
on skin. Skin is considered as an important route of
administration of drags for both local and systemic
effects. Drug delivery through the skin is crucial for
local and systemic effects. Drug delivery methods
known as “topical film forming systems” are
administered topically, adhere to the body, and
create a delicate transparent film that carries active
components to bodily tissue Topical film forming
systems are such developing drug delivery systems
meant for topical application to the skin, which
adhere to the body, forming a thin transparent film
and provide delivery. Of the active ingredients to
the body issue. Formed Film acts as a matrix for
sustained release of drug and it also improves the
Patient compliance It can provide some. Desirable
performance over conventional pharmaceutical
dosage formulation such as easily applied, improve
drug delivery, reduce dose Frequency, omitted first
pass effect, and enhance drug delivery. The
effectiveness of topical therapy depends on the
physicochemical properties of the drug and
adherence of the patient to the treatment regimen as
well as the System’s ability to adhere to skin during
the therapy so as to promote drug penetration
through the skin. Barrier conventional.
Formulations for topical and dermatological
administration of drugs have certain limitation like
poor adherence to skin, poor permeability and
compromised patient Compliance These are and
film Forming polymers various hydrophilic and
hydrophobic polymers are used to give desired…
Film properties, used either single or in.
combination with too of more polymers. The
transparency is an appreciable Feature of this
polymeric system which greatly. Influences the
Patient acceptance Further the various types of film
forming system(sprays/solutions, gels and
emulsion) along with their evaluation parameters
have also been reviewed.
Optimization of Povidone and Sodium Starch Glycolate Formulas in the Formulation of Solid Sow of Noni Fruit Extract (Morindacitrifolia L.)
Authors: Dida Ayuningtyas Nurista , Natalie Clarita , Monalisa Anita , Pramitaningastuti Anastasia S , Arianditha P Ernestine
Published: December 2024

Noni fruit (Morindacitrifolia L.) is a
traditional medicinal plant widely used for
alternative and complementary medicine.
Scopoletin and quercetin are some of the active
compounds in noni fruit that can provide
immunomodulatory effects. This study aims to
determine the total flavonoid content in noni fruit
extract and the optimum formula of solid sprinkle
formulation of noni fruit extract (Morindacitrifolia
L.) with variations in the concentration of povidone
as a binder and sodium starch glycolate as a
disintegrant. Evaluation of the characteristics of the
sprinkle formulation includes organoleptic test,
ethanol free test, moisture content, flow time, angle
of repose, compressibility index, dissolution time,
and content uniformity. Formula optimization is
carried out using the simplex lattice design method.
The optimum formula is then analyzed using onesample t-test method. The total flavonoid content in
the ethanol extract of noni fruit was 1.654 mg
QE/g. The optimum formula of the sprinkle
formulation was obtained at a proportion of
2.703% povidone and 2.297% sodium starch
glycolate. The sprinkle formulation was in the form
of light brown granules with a sweet taste and
distinctive aroma, and it was ethanol-free based on
qualitative testing. The physical characteristics of
the optimum formula were as follows: moisture
content 1.913%, flow rate 13.415g/s, angle of
repose 30.303o, compressibility index 6.282,
dissolution time 250.16 seconds, and content
uniformity 11.905%.
A review Article on: Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Authors: Yash Prakash Mr. Wagh , S. Kale Assist.Prof. Kalpana , Salve Dr. Megha
Published: December 2024

Basically, supercritical fluid
extraction (SCFE) is an approach that uses a liquid
phase that has characteristics midway between gas
and liquid properties to induce solubilization of
solutes in the matrix. The extraction could be
selectively tuned to some extent because the
solvation performance (which is density controlled)
of the SCFE can be varied over a wide range by
varying the pressure, temperature, or both.
Compared to traditional organic liquids, which
have higher diffusivity and lower viscosity, SCFE
provides significantly better mass transfer of
solutes from sample matrices. The review
summarizes studies performed using supercritical
fluid extraction of high-value compounds from
natural products that have previously been used in
the food, pharmaceutical, agricultural, dairy
industries, etc. It discusses processing parameters
optimized on a pilot scale to upgrade to an
industrial set-up.
Central Pontine Myelinolysis: A Case Report
Authors: Karri Harika , Deepika Bhavya , Cheepurupalli Cheepurupalli , Reshma Shaik , Indraja SVBSRN
Published: December 2024

Demyelination of the central pons is a hallmark of
Central Pontine Myelinolysis (CPM), a rare and
potentially fatal neurological condition. We report a
60-year-old female patient with CPM, presenting
with fever, dysphagia, constipation, and altered
sensorium. Laboratory findings revealed electrolyte
imbalances, inflammation, and thyroid dysfunction.
MRI revealed focal diffusion restriction in the
central pons, confirming early CPM. Aggressive
treatment with osmotherapy, methylprednisolone,
and antibiotics led to significant clinical
improvement and normalized laboratory values.
This case highlights the importance of
multidisciplinary care, timely intervention, and
early diagnosis in optimizing prognosis for patients
with CPM
Evaluating Vaccine Hesitancy and Its Effects on Polio Spread Using Mathematical Models
Authors: Abdulrahman-Odumu Elizabeth O. , Okedoye* Akindele M
Published: December 2024

Vaccine hesitancy poses a significant
barrier to global polio eradication efforts,
particularly in regions where misinformation,
cultural beliefs, and mistrust hinder immunization
programs. This study evaluates the impact of
vaccine hesitancy on the spread of polio using
mathematical modeling approaches, focusing on
Nigeria, where the disease has persisted despite
extensive vaccination campaigns. A compartmental
SIRV (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered-Vaccinated)
model is employed to simulate the dynamics of
polio transmission, incorporating vaccine uptake
rates and hesitancy factors. The analysis explores
how suboptimal vaccination coverage influences
herd immunity thresholds and increases the risk of
outbreaks and virus resurgence. Furthermore, the
model assesses the effectiveness of various
intervention strategies, such as intensified
immunization campaigns and targeted
communication programs aimed at reducing vaccine
hesitancy. Results highlight the critical role of
adaptive public health policies and targeted
vaccination efforts in mitigating the adverse effects
of vaccine hesitancy on polio transmission. This
study provides valuable insights to guide
policymakers in optimizing control strategies to
achieve polio eradication in Nigeria and similar
settings.
"Exploring the Benefits and Approaches of Medical Yoga Therapy"
Authors: Naikwadi Vd. Amit Ashok , Godbole Vd. Milind M , K. Jadhav Vd. Kalpana
Published: December 2024

Medical yoga therapy is a holistic approach that
integrates traditional yogic practices with
contemporary medical knowledge to support
overall health and wellness. It involves the
therapeutic application of yoga postures (asanas),
controlled breathing techniques (pranayama),
mindfulness, and meditation, all customized to suit
individual health needs under the guidance of
healthcare professionals. The primary goal is to
improve physical flexibility, alleviate pain, enhance
circulation, and aid in the management of chronic
conditions such as hypertension, diabetes,
musculoskeletal issues, and mental health
challenges like anxiety and depression. Medical
yoga therapy serves as a complementary treatment
to conventional medical care, addressing both the
physical and mental dimensions of health. Studies
indicate its potential to enhance quality of life,
improve health outcomes, and reduce dependence
on medications. However, more extensive clinical
research is required to validate its long-term
effectiveness and develop standardized treatment
protocols for various medical conditions.
A Retrospective Study on Cerebral Infractions and Drug Utilization Review in Meningitis Patients at Terittory Care Hospitals
Authors: Cheemakurthi Anantha , Devarakonda Beulah , Ramanadham Sravani
Published: December 2024

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death in
world-wide. Cerebral infraction is one of the
complication observed in meningitis patients. Aim:
The primary aim of our study is to identify cerebral
infractions in meningitis patients at terittiory care
hospital.Objective:To determine basic
demographic characters (age, gender), type of
cerebral infraction, regions and arteries involved in
cerebral infraction, clinical manifestations,
treatment. Methods: A total of 140 meningitis
patients were collected from hospital recruited
since January 2017 – February 2020. Patients were
seperated by stroke group and non stroke group by
computerised tomography impressions, magnetic
resonance imaging impressions. The patients were
selected based on inclusion criteria. Results: 50
(35.7%) patients were excluded from the study as
their CT scan impressions were normal without any
cerebral infractions;90 (64.2%) patients were
included in this study.cerebral infracts are common
in age groups ranging from 20-40 and 40-60. Acute
infracts (55%) are more common in meningitis
patients. Middle cerebral artery, posterior cerebral
arteries are one of the most common arteries
affected in meningitis patients. Major regions
which are affected are basal ganglia, thalamus and
hypothalamus. Conclusion:Our study showed that
cerebral infractions are seen in 90 patents (64.2%)
mostly in basal ganglia region. Only 47 patients
(52.2%) were treated for cerebral infractions in the
brain. 10 patients (11.1%) were having minor
infracts. Rest of 36.6% patients are not provided
with proper medication to control cerebral
infractions. The lack of stroke awareness often
results in the delay of seeking proffessional care.
Turmeric as a traditional medicine
Authors: Sharma Diksha , Singh Yuvraj , Verma Kapil Kumar
Published: December 2024

Turmeric has carminative, stimulating, and fragrant
properties, making it a moderate digestive. One of
nature's most potent medicines is turmeric.
Curcumin is the active component in turmeric. In
India, where it was most likely initially employed
as a colour, turmeric has been used for over 2500
years. The prescription Over the ages, this spice's
qualities have gradually come to light. Known for a
long time Recent studies have demonstrated that
turmeric is a natural anti-inflammatory marvel,
showing promise in the management of a wide
range of illnesses from cancer to Alzheimer's
condition. In India, an antibacterial ointment based
on the spice is utilized. Ginger Asian cosmetics
called "water" are used to give the skin a golden
sheen. It has been demonstrated that curcumin is
effective against Staphylococcus aureus (infections
that cause pus). Poor digestion, food poisoning,
gallstones, indigestion, IBS, parasites, anaemia,
cancer, diabetes, and wounds, circulation, and
Staph infections. Since turmeric reduces Kapha, it
is utilized to eliminate watery discharges such as
leukorrhea, mucus in the throat, and any pus in the
eyes, ears, or in injuries, etc. Turmeric has been
utilized in Unani medicine to treat ailments
including liver blockage and jaundice, as well as
being externally used for inflammation and ulcers.
The roasted form of turmeric possesses used as a
component of a dysentery preparation. Tooth paste
or powder has also included turmeric. In
Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India, traditional
medicine has utilized turmeric to treat a wide range
of ailments. Typically, the plant's rhizome is the
portion that is most extensively utilized. It is said to
relieve coughs and asthma and may be prepared in
a number of ways. Warm water In Ayurvedic
medicine, preparations from the dried rhizome have
been administered orally to lessen irritation.
Additionally, turmeric is recognized as a
"rasayana" plant, a subset of Ayurvedic medication.
In this case, turmeric is employed to slow down the
aging process
“Comparison of Safety and Efficacy of 5mg Buprenorphine Transdermal Patch and 50mg Tramadol Injection For Post Operative Pain Relief After Hemiarthroplasty In A Tertiary Care Hospital In South India”
Authors: Rekha K Rekha K , Anil Alan , Augustine Anju , Dr.Nithin G Dr.Nithin G , Anju Ts Anju Ts
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVES:1. To compare safety and efficacy of
50mg intravenous tramadol and 5mg
buprenorphine transdermal patch for postoperative
pain relief after hemiarthroplasty
2.To identify side effects of injection tramadol and
buprenorphine transdermal patch
METHODS: A prospective observational study
was directed on 72 patients during a study period of
6 months. Detailed literature review was conducted
by using tertiary, secondary, primary resources. All
the required study materials like informed consent
document, patient information sheet and data entry
form were designed. The study was conducted only
after getting endorsement from the Institutional
Ethical Committee(IEC). 72 patients, who met the
inclusion criteria, were enrolled in the study. Data
was gathered on the designed data entry form.
Comparison was done to assess postoperative pain
relief after using intravenous tramadol and
buprenorphine transdermal patch.
RESULT: When comparing intravenous tramadol
and buprenorphine group. Side effects like
constipation, vomiting and breathing difficulty is
more prominent in tramadol group. Out of 36
patients in Buprenorphine group only 3 has to use
rescue analgesic whereas in tramadol group 8
patients has to use rescue analgesic.
CONCLUSION: Buprenorphine transdermal patch
is more effective in case of post operative pain
relief
In vitro Antioxidant and Cardio- protective effect of Borassusflabellifer L mesocarp extract against doxorubicin induced toxicity in H9c2 cardiomyocyte cell line
Authors: Raju Aswathi , Jayachandran T P Jayachandran T P , Gopika T D Gopika T D , RajiRajan RajiRajan
Published: December 2024

Cardiotoxicity is one of the most critical
complications of chemotherapy is cardiotoxicity,
which drastically increases mortality and morbidity
rates. The term "toxicity that affects the heart’ is
commonly used to refer to cardiotoxicity.
Doxorubicin is an anticancer drug used in cancer
therapy but produces reactive oxygen species(ROS)
that are toxic to heart cells. Borassusflabellifer
belonging to the family Arecaceae commonly
known as Palmyra palm is a native of tropical
Africa but cultivated throughout India.
Traditionally B. flabelliferis used to treat variety of
diseases and has ethnomedicinal claims. The
purpose of the study was to determine the
cardioprotective activity of ethanolic extract of
Borassusflabellifer L. mesocarp against the heart
induced by doxorubicin. B. flabellifer mesocarp
ethanol extract was obtained by maceration
followed by phytochemical studies..Free radical
scavenging activity were assessed using DPPH
assay. The cells were incubated with different
concentration of extract ofBorassusflabellifer
mesocarp for 24hrs.Cell viability was determined
by using MTT assay, respectively.Phytochemical
screening revealed the presence of alkaloids,
carbohydrates, flavnoids, phenols, tannins,
saponins, glycosides, and terpenoids. The ethanolic
extract of Borassusflabellifer exhibits antioxidant
activity. Doxorubicin markedly reduced cell
viability, and this was accompanied by a rise in
ROS generation. The pre-treatment with
Borassusflabellifer leaf ethanolic extracts improved
cell viability and inhibited the production of
reactive oxygen species. According to the results of
this investigation, the mesocarp extract of
Borassusflabellifer showed protection against
cardiomyocyte damage caused by oxidative stress.
Significant antioxidant and cardioprotective
activity is present in the ethanolic extract of the
mesocarp of Borassusflabellifer.