bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological characteristics of salmonellosis in the population of Belgrade for the period 1994-2013
Authors: Maksimović Jadranka , Maris Slavica , Maksimović Miloš , Nikolić Aleksandra , Grujičić Sandra
Published: April 2022

Background/Aim: The registered salmonella cases are estimated to constitute 1-10% of the real frequency of this disease. The aim of the research was to analyze epidemiological salmonella characteristics in Belgrade population for the period 1994-2013. Methods: The data on the number of salmonella cases regarding gender, age and municipalities for the given period were taken from the City Institute of Public Health in Belgrade and used to calculate crude, age-specific and standardized incidence rates were used. For estimating the incidence trend joinpoint regression analysis was used. Results: In the given 20-year period there were 12,452 salmonellosis cases, and female infected persons were more present (53.5%) than males (46.5%). In both sexes, the highest average age-specific rates were found in age group 0-4, and the lowest for people age 70 and older. According to joinpoint regression analysis there is a significant incidence decline in men from the age group 15-19 and further on, while in women that decline starts with the age group 10-14. The average standardized salmonellosis incidence rate (per 100,000) was 61.6 (61.7 for men and 61.4 for women). The most frequent Salmonella serotypes isolated from human material were S. enteritidis (81.6%), S. typhimurium (7.7%) and S. infantis (2.6%). Conclusion: The decline in salmonellosis noticed in our study suggests better farming control, better control of meat production and turnover and application of hygienic and sanitary measures in these processes as well as the greater presence of the HACCP standard for the health safety of food in Belgrade.
Outbreaks of scarlet fever in kindergartens in Belgrade
Authors: Giljača Sonja , Maris Slavica , Rančić Nataša , Mrvaljević Milutin , Mrvaljević Zorica
Published: April 2022

Introduction/Aim: Scarlet fever is mostly a childhood disease and in about 90% of cases it occurs in children younger than 10 years. Outbreaks of scarlet fever always occur in children's collectives (kindergartens, schools and institutions for children). The aim of this paper is to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of scarlet fever epidemics in kindergartens in Belgrade during the five-year period (2016-2020). Methods: Data about new cases of scarlet fever were collected for the observed period from the City Institute for Public Health Belgrade. The data sources used are: epidemiological questionnaire, medical documentation and laboratory results. The presence of b-hemolytic streptococcus group A in diseased children was proven by bacteriological analysis of throat and nose swabs. General and specific incidence rates were used in the data analysis. Results: During the observed five-year period, 30 epidemics of scarlet fever were registered, in which a total of 114 children from 23 Belgrade kindergartens became ill. In 2017, there were 12 epidemics with a total of 49 cases, which represents the largest total number of cases in one year. In the period from 2016 to 2020, the highest number of patients among all patients with scarlet fever was among children aged 4 years (33.3%), and the lowest among children aged 2 years (1.7%). There were slightly more sick boys (57.9%) than girls (42.1%). The highest average five-year incidence rates for scarlet fever were recorded at the age 1-4 (383.7 per 100,000) and 5-9 years (262.8 per 100,000), and the lowest were in persons aged 15 and over. About ⅓ of sick children were registered in the municipality of New Belgrade, and about ⅓ of sick children were registered in the period of early spring (March-April). Conclusion: Respect and timely application of anti-epidemic measures contribute to the successful cessation of further spread of infection (disease reporting, isolation, treatment of sick children, as well as stricter hygiene measures and ongoing disinfection).
International experiences and the development of intercultural sensitivity among university students
Authors: Rodríguez-Izquierdo Rosa M.
Published: April 2022

International cultural immersion experiences are deemed one of the most effective ways to prepare multicultural and global citizens. The purpose of the study was to determine: (1) first-year and final-year university students’ levels of Intercultural Sensitivity (henceforth IS); (2) if there was a relationship between IS and experiences of intercultural contact; and (3) the variables that might predict the development of IS. A longitudinal method and a correlational-predictive design was used. The sample comprised 1645 (52.5% women and 47.5% men) undergraduate students from 8 public universities and one private university in Andalusia (Spain) with a mean age of 23.29 (SD = 4.99). The Intercultural Development Inventory (IDI) was used to measure IS, and the Intercultural Experiences Inventory (IEI) was administered to explore students' intercultural experiences. Findings highlighted that there is little change in the IDI scores among first-year and final-year students, and most students were found to be in the intermediate stages of intercultural development (the minimization stage according to Bennett’s model, characterized by the widespread belief that everyone is quite similar). The lack of development found in the students’ IS could have something to do with the lack of opportunity to reflect and think about cultural differences. Positive correlations were found between IS and mobility experiences and intercultural friendships, and negative correlations were found with the number of intercultural interactions and language knowledge. Having mobility experiences, being female, and having friends from other cultures were predictive variables of IS. Finally, the educational implications are discussed.
La formación continua del profesorado en los planes estratégicos de las universidades españolas
Authors: Malagón Terrón Francisco Javier , Graell Martín Mariona
Published: April 2022

El presente trabajo indaga en una muestra de 45 Planes Estratégicos aplicados por igual número de universidades españolas entre los años 2000 y 2020 para conocer cuál es la relevancia y el tratamiento que en los planes estratégicos recibe la formación continua del Personal Docente e Investigador. Se ha aplicado el método de análisis de contenido para identificar y computar objetivos y distintos aspectos que las universidades relacionan de forma explícita con la formación del profesorado en dichos planes. El repertorio de variables se ha construido inductivamente, mediante la revisión continua de los documentos. Los resultados permiten apreciar que la formación continua del profesorado está incorporada a los contenidos que la mayoría de las universidades contemplan en sus planes; sin embargo, esta formación recibe un tratamiento muy desigual y, en general poco sistemático en estos documentos corporativos; además, las universidades tienden a enfatizar unos temas en detrimento de otros, enfocándose principalmente en la docencia y muy poco en la gestión y el desarrollo de funciones directivas; finalmente, las universidades, en conjunto aunque no individualmente, asocian la formación continua del profesorado con un amplio y variado repertorio de temas, lo que sugiere la posibilidad de avanzar hacia un modelo más articulado e integral de formación continua aplicable al conjunto de las universidades españolas.Creemos que los resultados son útiles a efectos de mejorar el contenido y la planificación de la formación continua del profesorado con un enfoque más sistemático e integral, considerando la importancia de la capacitación de profesores e investigadores para la gestión de los cambios que las universidades se proponen, máxime teniendo en cuenta el impacto que está teniendo la pandemia de la Covid-19 en la transformación digital y pedagógica de las universidades.
Ciberacoso en estudiantes universitarios antes y durante el confinamiento por la COVID-19
Authors: Caurcel Cara María Jesús , Crisol Moya Emilio
Published: April 2022

El ciberacoso en el contexto universitario constituye una realidad menos estudiada en comparación con su investigación en etapas educativas no universitarias. El objetivo del estudio es analizar el ciberacoso en estudiantes universitarios antes y durante el confinamiento por la Covid-19 estableciendo los roles del ciberacoso, los afectos experimentados, las relaciones con los iguales y el uso social de Internet. Se utilizó un diseño transversal no experimental, ambispectivo, descriptivo e inferencial, valiéndose de tres cuestionarios estandarizados y validados, y uno ad hoc para evaluar la influencia del confinamiento. Participaron 586 estudiantes (MEdad = 22.67; DT = 5.75; 81.1% mujeres) de Grado y Máster de la Universidad de Granada (España), principalmente de las ramas de Ciencias Sociales y Jurídicas (44.20%) y de Ciencias de la Salud (28.31%). Antes del confinamiento, el 16.2% de los participantes sufrieron cibervictimización, el 6.7% acosaron a otros, el 8.4% fueron víctimas/agresores y el 68.8% sin rol. Durante el confinamiento, los porcentajes de víctimas y víctimas/agresores descendieron, aumentado los agresores. Se encontró una influencia del sexo, la edad y los afectos positivos en los roles antes del confinamiento (p < .05), y de la edad, los afectos negativos y las relaciones con los iguales durante el confinamiento (p < .05). Las víctimas fueron las que más afectos negativos experimentaron y las que más apoyo recibieron de los compañeros durante el confinamiento. El descenso de la victimización durante el confinamiento puede tener relación con el mayor apoyo recibido por las victimas que ha actuado como factor de protección. Los resultados reflejan que aún se debe incidir en un uso positivo, no nocivo y responsable de los teléfonos móviles entre los jóvenes. Desde la universidad se debe favorecer un clima institucional positivo e integrador que ayude a intervenir, pero sobre todo para prevenir el ciberacoso.
Poder Judicial como un (muy) mal regulador político: notas desde Brasil
Authors: Desiree Salgado Eneida
Published: April 2022

La regulación política es un área crucial del diseño democrático. Teniendo en cuenta el interés propio de los legisladores, el Poder Judicial parece ser un actor interesante para cumplir con los requisitos de imparcialidad para garantizar elecciones libres y justas. Utilizando la experiencia brasileña, muestro el papel del Poder Legislativo y las decisiones judiciales en tres campos principales (sistema de partidos, financiación de campañas y comunicación electoral) después de la redemocratización de 1988. El análisis evidencia el pésimo desempeño de la autoridad electoral judicial en la mejora de la competencia electoral. Debido a la peculiar conformación de la Justicia Electoral Brasileña, hay una concentración de las actividades de gobernanza electoral, y sus decisiones están blindadas (en la práctica) de la revisión judicial. En este escenario constitucional, la alternativa por el Poder Judicial es la decisión equivocada, y es mejor confiar en un Parlamento pluralista en la construcción de normas electorales.
Computing Long-Distance Dependencies in Vowel Harmony
Authors: Mailhot Frédéric , Reiss Charles
Published: April 2022

This article develops an explicit procedural model of vowel harmony, and takes steps toward finding a lower bound on the computational power of phonological rules. The focus on formalization and procedural computation allows for simplification in models of representation and the discovery of interesting interactions involving the conditions in rules. It is shown that locality principles are derivable, which motivates the elimination of iterative rule application advocated here. Along the way, a novel analysis of neutral vowels in harmony processes is also provided.
Categorical Acquisition: Parameter-Setting in Universal Grammar
Authors: Thornton Rosalind , Tesan Graciela
Published: April 2022

Two triggering models of parameter-setting, the Hierarchical Acquisition model endorsed by Baker (2001, 2005) and Wexler’s (1998) Very Early Parameter Setting model, are compared with Yang’s (2002, 2004) Variational model. The Variational model employs statistical learning mechanisms for parameter-setting. Parameter values compete, with delays occurring when the critical input is sparse. Given the uniformity assumption, children in the same linguistic community undergo a similar, gradual development. On the Hierarchical Acquisition model, children initially choose either parameter value, with potential delays arising from hierarchical ordering of parameters. Change is precipitous when initiated. To adjudicate between models, we conducted a longitudinal study of 4 children, ranging from 1;9 to 2;1 at the start of the study, who were in the throes of setting two interlocking parameters governing inflection and negation. Different developmental patterns were observed depending on initial parameter value, and parametric change was precipitous, as anticipated by triggering models.
From Spatial Cognition to Language
Authors: Arsenijevic Boban
Published: April 2022

The evolution of language has been linked in the recent research to the evolution of a number of different capacities, from the theory of mind to the type-recursive computation. In this paper, I examine the possibility that language has evolved from the capacity of spatial computation. Similarities, but also certain differences, between the two capacities are outlined and discussed, including the following. From the aspect of neuro-cognitive science, it cannot stay unnoticed that some of the central computations both in the language faculty and in the spatial cognition are located in the same brain area - the hippocampus. On the cognitive side, direct counterparts of the central components of the language faculty can be identified within the domain of spatial cognition. In particular, this is argued for the recursive computation and its categorial base, for the use of two types of information, the descriptive and the geometric, in establishing reference, for the process of update of a mental representation of the relevant context based on the sensory input, and for several other aspects. Since humans and other vertebrates have spatial cognitive capacities of approximately the same nature and complexity, this narrows down the set of possible answers to the question what distinguishes humans and their language faculty from the cognitive capacities present in other species. The hypothesis proposed is that this difference is three-fold, and involves: 1) the domain-general use of the otherwise similar computational capacities as opposed to the use in animals which is bound to the spatial domain, and perhaps one or two others; 2) the serialization of the computations of the descriptive and the geometric means of reference in humans, resulting in a combined aggregate information, as opposed to a strict separation in other animals and 3) the increased use and importance of the update of the relevant mental representation of the context by a group of humans rather than just an individual.
The Third Factor in Phonology
Authors: Samuels Bridget
Published: April 2022

This article attempts to investigate how much of phonology can be explained by properties of general cognition and the Sensorimotor system — in other words, third-factor principles, in support of the evolutionary scenario posed by Hauser et al. (2002a). It argues against Pinker & Jackendoff’s (2005: 212) claim that “major characteristics of phonology are specific to language (or to language & music), [and] uniquely human,” and their conclusion that “phonology represents a major counterexample to the recursion-only hypothesis.” Contrary to the statements by Anderson (2004) and Yip (2006a, 2006b) to the effect that phonology has not been tested in animals, it is shown that virtually all the abilities that underlie phonological competence have been shown in other species.
The Evolution of I-Language: Lexicalization as the Key Evolutionary Novelty
Authors: Ott Dennis
Published: April 2022

Comparative psychological research suggests that human and non-human minds comprise an array of encapsulated cognitive systems (‘core knowledge systems’). While most of these cognitive building blocks appear to be shared across species, the cognitive gap between human and non-human minds is nevertheless quite stunning (Hauser’s Paradox). Following recent ideas concerning the crucial role of human word learning in cognitive development, it is here suggested that lexicalization — the association of concepts with words — is the key evolutionary novelty that allows linguistic minds to integrate the various encapsulated conceptual resources into a common mental language.
Viable Syntax: Rethinking Minimalist Architecture
Authors: Safir Ken
Published: April 2022

Hauser et al. (2002) suggest that the human language faculty emerged as a genetic innovation in the form of what is called here a ‘keystone factor’—a single, simple, formal mental capability that, interacting with the pre-existing faculties of hominid ancestors, caused a cascade of effects resulting in the language faculty in modern humans. They take Merge to be the keystone factor, but instead it is posited here that Merge is the pre-existing mechanism of thought made viable by a principle that permits relations interpretable at the interfaces to be mapped onto c-command. The simplified minimalist architecture proposed here respects the keystone factor as closely as possible, but is justified on the basis of linguistic analyses it makes available, including a relativized intervention theory applicable across Case, scope, agreement, selection and linearization, a derivation of the A/A’-distinction from Case theory, and predictions such as why in situ wh-interpretation is island-insensitive, but susceptible to intervention effects.
Recursion as a Human Universal and as a Primitive
Authors: Arsenijevic Boban , Hinzen Wolfram
Published: April 2022

This contribution asks, in an empirical rather than formal perspective, whether a range of descriptive phenomena in grammar usually characterized in terms of ‘recursion’ actually exhibit recursion. It is concluded that empirical evidence does not support this customary assumption. Language, while formally recursive, need not be recursive in the underlying generative mechanisms of its grammar. Hence, while recursion may well be one of the hallmarks of human nature, grammar may not be the cognitive domain where it is found. Arguments for this claim are briefly exposed and then discussed with respect to a selection of talks from the DGfS workshop on Foundations of Language Comparison: Human Universals as Constraints on Language Diversity that led to this special issue.
Syntax: Its Evolution and Its Representation in the Brain
Authors: Progovac Ljiljana
Published: April 2022

Poeppel (2008) observes that there is no clear correspondence between units of analysis in linguistics (especially the abstract and arbitrary-looking principles of syntax) and biological units of neuroscience, concluding that current neurolinguistic research presents a case of cross-sterilization, rather than cross-fertilization. Here the proposal is developed that decomposing syntax into intermediate evolutionary layers, into its evolutionary primitives, not only makes syntax compatible with gradualist accounts, but it also renders it more tangible and less abstract. In this approach, at least some complexities (and oddities) of syntax, such as Subjacency effects and the small clause core, can be seen as side-effects/by-products of evolutionary tinkering. It is conceivable that such evolutionary considerations are a necessary missing ingredient in any attempt to establish links between the postulates of syntax and the units of neuroscience. This article considers concrete linguistic data and suggestions as to where and how to look for neurobiological correlates of syntax.
Evo-Devo — Of Course, But Which One? Some Comments on Chomsky’s Analogies between the Biolinguistic Approach and Evo-Devo
Authors: Benítez-Burraco Antonio , Longa Victor M.
Published: April 2022

In some recent papers, Chomsky has suggested some non-trivial analogies between the biolinguistic approach and evolutionary developmental biology (Evo-Devo). In this paper, the point is made that those analogies should be handled with caution. The reason is that the Evo-Devo version chosen by Chomsky in order to build the analogies fully assumes a gene-centric perspective. Although providing genes with a special power fits in well with the Principles-and-Parameters model, it does not agree at all with the reduction of the power attributed to genes that the Minimalist Program has placed on the agenda. Nevertheless, other Evo-Devo approaches exist that seem more accurate than the particular version adopted by Chomsky — approaches therefore which are more promising for fulfilling the minimalist biolinguistic approach.
Learning Recursion: Multiple Nested and Crossed Dependencies
Authors: De Vries Meinou , Christiansen Morten , Petersson Karl Magnus
Published: April 2022

Language acquisition in both natural and artificial language learning settings crucially depends on extracting information from ordered sequences. A shared sequence learning mechanism is thus assumed to underlie both natural and artificial language learning. A growing body of empirical evidence is consistent with this hypothesis. By means of artificial language learning experiments, we may therefore gain more insight in this shared mechanism. In this paper, we review empirical evidence from artificial language learning and computational modeling studies, as well as natural language data, and suggest that there are two key factors that help deter-mine processing complexity in sequence learning, and thus in natural language processing. We propose that the specific ordering of non-adjacent dependencies (i.e. nested or crossed), as well as the number of non-adjacent dependencies to be resolved simultaneously (i.e. two or three) are important factors in gaining more insight into the boundaries of human sequence learning; and thus, also in natural language processing. The implications for theories of linguistic competence are discussed.
Recursion in Language: A Layered-Derivation Approach
Authors: Zwart Jan-Wouter
Published: April 2022

This paper argues that recursion in language is to be understood not in terms of embedding, but in terms of derivational layering. A construction is recursive if part of its input is the output of a separate derivational layer. Complex clauses may be derived recursively in this sense, but also iteratively, suggesting that standard arguments for or against recursion in language are misdirected. More generally, we cannot tell that a grammar is recursive by simply looking at its output; we have to know about the generative procedure. Using the new definition of recursion in terms of derivational layering, we once again inspect the recorded data of Pirahã, arguing that there is reason to believe that the grammar of Pirahã is recursive after all.
From Gesture to Speech
Authors: Gentilucci Maurizio , De Stefani Elisa , Innocenti Alessandro
Published: April 2022

One of the major problems concerning the evolution of human language is to understand how sounds became associated to meaningful gestures. It has been proposed that the circuit controlling gestures and speech evolved from a circuit involved in the control of arm and mouth movements related to ingestion. This circuit contributed to the evolution of spoken language, moving from a system of communication based on arm gestures. The discovery of the mirror neurons has provided strong support for the gestural theory of speech origin because they offer a natural substrate for the embodiment of language and create a direct link between sender and receiver of a message. Behavioural studies indicate that manual gestures are linked to mouth movements used for syllable emission. Grasping with the hand selectively affected movement of inner or outer parts of the mouth according to syllable pronunciation and hand postures, in addition to hand actions, influenced the control of mouth grasp and vocalization. Gestures and words are also related to each other. It was found that when producing communicative gestures (emblems) the intention to interact directly with a conspecific was transferred from gestures to words, inducing modification in voice parameters. Transfer effects of the meaning of representational gestures were found on both vocalizations and meaningful words. It has been concluded that the results of our studies suggest the existence of a system relating gesture to vocalization which was precursor of a more general system reciprocally relating gesture to word.
Influence of Language on Colour Perception: A Simulationist Explanation
Authors: Heurley Loïc Paul , Milhau Audrey , Chesnoy-Servanin Gabrielle , Ferrier Laurent P. , Brouillet Thibaut , Brouillet Denis
Published: April 2022

“How can perception be altered by language?” is the fundamental question of this article. Indeed, various studies have pointed out the influence of colour-related knowledge on object and colour perception, evoked by linguistic stimuli. Here the relevance of the simulationist approach is assumed in order to explain this influence, where the understanding of colour-related words or sentences involves a process of colour simulation that is supported by a neuronal network partially similar to the network involved in colour perception. Consequently, colour-related knowledge and colour perception can interact through a process of pattern interference. In support of this idea, studies are discussed showing priming effects between colour simulation and colour perception, but two limitations are also raised. Firstly, these works all used between-category colour discrimination tasks that allow the intervention of lexical processes that can also explain priming. Secondly, these works control the congruency link between prime and target at the level of ‘colour category’, and no demonstration is made of an influence at the level of specific hues. Consequently, the simulationist view of language/perception interactions seems an interesting way to thinking but more experimens are needed in order to overcome some limitations.
Gestures Enhance Foreign Language Learning
Authors: Macedonia Manuela , Von Kriegstein Katharina
Published: April 2022

Language and gesture are highly interdependent systems that reciprocally influence each other. For example, performing a gesture when learning a word or a phrase enhances its retrieval compared to pure verbal learning. Although the enhancing effects of co-speech gestures on memory are known to be robust, the underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. Here, we summarize the results of behavioral and neuroscientific studies. They indicate that the neural representation of words consists of complex multimodal networks connecting perception and motor acts that occur during learning. In this context, gestures can reinforce the sensorimotor representation of a word or a phrase, making it resistant to decay. Also, gestures can favor embodiment of abstract words by creating it from scratch. Thus, we propose the use of gesture as a facilitating educational tool that integrates body and mind.
Optimality and Plausibility in Language Design
Authors: Levot Michael R.
Published: April 2022

The Minimalist Program in generative syntax has been the subject of much rancour, a good proportion of it stoked by Noam Chomsky’s suggestion that language may represent “a ‘perfect solution’ to minimal design specifications.” A particular flash point has been the application of Minimalist principles to speculations about how language evolved in the human species. This paper argues that Minimalism is well supported as a plausible approach to language evolution. It is claimed that an assumption of minimal design specifications like that employed in MP syntax satisfies three key desiderata of evolutionary and general scientific plausibility: Physical Optimism, Rational Optimism, and Darwin’s Problem. In support of this claim, the methodologies employed in MP to maximise parsimony are characterised through an analysis of recent theories in Minimalist syntax, and those methodologies are defended with reference to practices and arguments from evolutionary biology and other natural sciences.
What Lenneberg Got Right: A Homological Program for the Study of Language Evolution
Authors: Balari Sergio , Lorenzo Guillermo
Published: April 2022

By 1967, it was clear to Eric Lenneberg that reconstructing the phylogenetic history of language should require the adoption of a non-functional (or Owenian) homology concept for grounding relevant comparisons. Fifty years later, most biolinguistic approaches have betrayed this project, for they routinely derive their conclusions regarding the unique/shared status of language on merely folk grounds — as dramatically illustrated in Hauser, Chomsky & Fitch vs. Pinker & Jackendoff’s debate, or based on functional considerations — as in Chomsky’s recent conceptualization of language as a unique tool for thought. Here we claim that Lenneberg’s project needs to be resumed and we articulate some suggestions about how to conduct it, taking advantage of recent findings and new conceptual insights concerning two crucial levels of analysis actually pinpointed by him — namely, anatomical/molecular structure and physiological function.
What’s in (a) Label? Neural Origins and Behavioral Manifestations of Identity Avoidance in Language and Cognition
Authors: Leivada Evelina
Published: April 2022

The present work defends the idea that grammatical categories are not in- trinsic to mergeable items, taking as a departure point Lenneberg’s (1967, 1975) claim that syntactic objects are definable only contextually. It is ar- gued that there are four different strands of inquiry that are of interest when one seeks to build an evolutionarily plausible theory of labels and operation Label: (i) linguistic constraints on adjacent elements of the same type such as Repetition/Identity Avoidance ([*XX]), (ii) data that flout these constraints ([XX]), (iii) disorders that raise questions as to whether the locus of impairment is a categorial feature per se, and (iv) operation Label as a candidate for human uniqueness. After discussing categorial identity through these perspectives, this work first traces the origins and manifesta-tions of Identity Avoidance in language and other domains of human cog-nition, with emphasis on attention orienting. Second, it pro- poses a new processing principle, the Novel Information Bias, that (i) cap- tures linguistic Identity Avoidance based on how the brain decodes types and tokens and (ii) explains the universal fact that generally the existence of adjacent occur-rences of syntactically and/or phonologically identical tokens is severely constrained.
Aplicación del abordaje metodológico de la Investigación en las Artes
Authors: Lucas Elisa Martins
Published: April 2022

El artículo describe un estudio realizado teniendo como base los parámetros para la Investigación en las Artes según Henk Borgdorff. Los parámetros son presentados y puestos en diálogo con autore(a)s contemporáneos de las Artes Escénicas con objeto de apuntar similitudes entre ello(a)s y demostrar la posibilidad de diálogo entre sus concepciones. El estudio consistió en la mezcla de diferentes procedimientos de práctica escénica, realizados en distintas etapas y fases, con objetivo de sistematizar el proceso de creación dramatúrgica actoral. Como resultados fueron producidos un texto dramatúrgico con dos versiones, una performance, un ensayo abierto del espectáculo en proceso y un espectáculo teatral finalizado. También fue elaborada una propuesta metodológica que sistematiza el proceso de creación dramatúrgica actoral. Los resultados apuntan que la Investigación en las Artes es un abordaje metodológico que puede ser adoptado por actores/actrices-investigadore(a)s en pesquisas prácticas.
Propiedades psicométricas de la escala de tácticas de conflictos modificada. Aplicación en el contexto de los adolescentes ecuatorianos
Authors: Francisco-Pérez Judith Inmaculada , Morejón-Terán Yadira Alejandra , Pastor-Bravo María del Mar
Published: April 2022

The study of adolescent dating violence is relevant for Public Health, given its predictive nature and the social impact of this variable on the coexistence of the adult population. Dating violence rating scales need to be validated to ensure the reliability and certainty of their results.Objective: To analyze the psychometric properties of the modified M-CTS conflict tactics scale in the context of dating violence among Ecuadorian adolescents.Materials and methods: This is a validation study through confirmatory factor analysis and analysis of linguistic and cultural variables, with probabilistic sampling (n = 1249) with ages between 12-20 years, who met the requirements of having or having had a dating relationship.Results: 6 questions were culturally modified, and the 4-factor structure of the questionnaire was verified (argumentation, psychological violence, mild physical and severe physical). Low reliability was found for the perpetrator argument (0.26) and victimization (026) items and good reliability for severe physical violence for both profiles (0.80 and 0.76).Main conclusions:The cultural adaptation of the M-CTS offered adequate validity for the diverse types of violence in the Ecuadorian adolescent population, allowing to compare the prevalence found in other countries that used this instrument based on the same theoretical and methodological perspectives.

El estudio de la violencia en el noviazgo adolescente tiene relevancia para la Salud Pública, dado su carácter predictivo y el impacto social de esta variable en la convivencia de la población adulta. Las escalas de valoración de violencia en el noviazgo requieren ser validadas para asegurar la fiabilidad y la certeza de sus resultados. Objetivo: Analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala de tácticas de conflicto modificada M-CTS en el contexto de la violencia en el noviazgo de adolescentes ecuatorianos. Materiales y métodos: Se trata de un estudio de validación mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio y análisis de variables lingüísticas y culturales, con muestreo al probabilístico (n=1249) con edades comprendidas entre 13 y 19 años, que cumplieron los requisitos de tener o haber tenido una relación de noviazgo.Resultados: Fueron modificadas culturalmente 6 preguntas y fue verificada la estructura de 4 factores del cuestionario (argumentación, violencia psicológica, física leve y física severa). Se encontró una baja fiabilidad para el ítem argumentación perpetrador (0,26) y victimización (0,26) y buena fiabilidad para violencia física grave para los dos perfiles (0,80 y 0,76). Conclusiones principales: La adaptación cultural del M-CTS ofreció una validez adecuada para los diferentes tipos de violencia en población adolescente ecuatoriana permitiendo comparar las prevalencias encontradas con otros países que usaron este instrumento basado en las mismas perspectivas teóricas y metodológicas.
Miedo a la COVID-19, características sociodemográficas y de vulnerabilidad en adultos del Norte y Sur de México
Authors: Guevara Valtier Milton Carlos , Pérez Fonseca Martha , Santiago Mijangos Alma Delia , Paz Morales María de los Ángeles , Sánchez-Garcia Ana Belen , Santos Flores Jesús Melchor
Published: April 2022

Introduction: The COVID 19 pandemic continues to be an unprecedented public health problem worldwide for both sick and healthy people. Objective: Determine the association between the fear of COVID-19 with the socio-demographic characteristics and the status of vulnerability. Material and methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study. Sample: 197 participants 18 or older who belong to community-care centers in Monterrey, Nuevo León and Minatitlan, Veracruz. Intentional sampling. Instrument used: Fear of COVID-19 scale. Data assessment was performed with SPSS version 22, using descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Fear of COVID-19 was associated with the person’s sex, but not with the status of vulnerability and the other socio-demographic variables such as age, schooling, employment status, and place of residence. Conclusion: Based on the purpose of the study, it was found that only the sex variable was associated with fear of COVID-19. More men than women reported having less fear, which may explain the higher prevalence of this disease in this population group.
 

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID 19, continúa siendo un problema de salud pública sin precedentes en todo el mundo tanto en las personas enfermas y sanas.Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el miedo al COVID-19 con las características sociodemográficas y el estado de vulnerabilidad.Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional. Muestra: 197 participantes a partir de 18 años pertenecientes a centros de atención comunitaria de Monterrey, Nuevo León y Minatitlán, Veracruz. Muestreo intencional. Instrumento: Escala de Miedo a la COVID-19. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el SPSS versión 22, recurriendo al empleo de estadística descriptiva e inferencial.Resultados: El miedo a la COVID-19 se asoció con el sexo, mas no con el estado de vulnerabilidad y las otras variables sociodemográficas como la edad, escolaridad, situación laboral y lugar de residencia.Conclusión: Con base al propósito del estudio se encontró que únicamente el sexo se asocia con el miedo a la COVID-19. Mas hombres que mujeres reportaron tener menos miedo, lo que puede explicar las principales prevalencias de esta enfermedad en este grupo poblacional.
Adaptation Of ADDIE Instructional Model In Developing Educational Website for Language Learning
Authors:   Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong Malim, Perak, Malaysia, Abdul Ghani Mohammad Taufiq , Wan Daud Wan Ab Aziz ,   Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Kampus Jeli, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: April 2022

In the 21st century, educators are utilizing emerging technologies to develop not only knowledge of graduates, but also their soft kills in order to enhance their competencies, in parallel with employers’ requirements. Web-based learning has been widely used by many educators, especially in higher education institution due to its benefits for both students and teachers. A good understanding of educational theories and instructional design system is required in order to experience a meaningful learning. Appropriate instructional models are needed to produce effective learning materials. This study explores the adaptation of ADDIE instructional model in designing and developing a special website for learning Arabic for Tourism Purpose by using Grav®CMS as the platform. The aims of developing this learning prototype are to provide new learning experience to Arabic learners, provide references for them after class, and address the effectiveness of using web-based learning. This study can provide a guideline to develop instructional materials for language learning particularly language for specific purposes.
The Influence of Middle Eastern Islamic Political Thought on Islamic Political Parties in Indonesia: The Case of PKS
Authors: Ahmad Ali Nurdin
Published: April 2022

This paper primarily focuses on the influence of Middle Eastern Scholars on the Prosperous Justice Party or the Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS) of Indonesia. By looking into the way the party establishes and develops itself, and its member recruitment style, this paper shows that the influence of Middle Eastern scholars on the party’s ideology is relatively significant. The emergence of what was known in Indonesia as the dakwah or tarbiyah movement, which later came to influence the establishment of PKS, was in fact an extension of the movements promoted by Abu A’la Maududi in Pakistan and Hassan al-Banna in Egypt. For the PKS, books written by Maududi and al-Banna have become main sources for its members’ training activity, known as the liqo activity. The liqo training method, one would argue, is clearly akin to the one used by the Egyptian al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun movement to recruit its members, except that to the Ikhwan group, the liqo is actually termed as usrah. With its systematic method of gathering, each member of the PKS who has attended the liqo for a long period and considered capable enough to translate the knowledge gained, is urged to create another new liqo group and try to recruit new members.
The Al-Ghazali Psycho-Spiritual Counseling Theory: An Alternative Approach in Counseling Interventions
Authors: O Nor Ezdianie , N Mohd Tajudin
Published: April 2022

This article discusses an alternative approach of counseling interventions in Malaysia. The premise of this approach is based on the view of the al-Ghazali Psycho-spiritual Counseling Theory about the importance of using a counseling technique that is appropriate to the values and socio-culture of the majority of Malaysians. This approach is a paradigm shift in counseling services in Malaysia which has been largely dependent on the Western counseling approach over the last six decades. The al-Ghazali Psycho-Spiritual counseling approach is an approach that combines elements of spirituality and religion that are derived from the Qur’an and the Hadith. The author believes that it is time for Islamic counselors to explore more counseling approaches related to the psychology and beliefs of the Muslim community. This paper focuses on two basic areas: that of our philosophy and assumptions about humans, and the counseling techniques from the al-Ghazali perspective. It concludes that the al-Ghazali Psycho-spiritual counseling approach is the latest platform in counseling services that has to be explored and learned by counseling practitioners to empower the profession.
An analysis of over-sampling labeled data in semi-supervised learning with FixMatch
Authors: Marti Miquel , Bujwid Sebastian , Pieropan Alessandro , Azizpour Hossein , Maki Atsuto
Published: April 2022

Most semi-supervised learning methods over-sample labeled data when constructing training mini-batches. This paper studies whether this common practice improves learning and how. We compare it to an alternative setting where each minibatch is uniformly sampled from all the training data, labeled or not, which greatly reduces direct supervision from true labels in typical low-label regimes. However, this simpler setting can also be seen as more general and even necessary in multitask problems where over-sampling labeled data would become intractable. Our experiments on semi-supervised CIFAR-10 image classification using FixMatch show a performance drop when using the uniform sampling approach which diminishes when the amount of labeled data or the training time increases. Further, we analyse the training dynamics to understand how over-sampling of labeled data compares to uniform sampling. Our main finding is that over-sampling is especially beneficial early in training but gets less important in the later stages when more pseudo-labels become correct. Nevertheless, we also find that keeping some true labels remains important to avoid the accumulation of confirmation errors from incorrect pseudo-labels.
Extent of Adoption of Recommended Practices of Maize (Zea mays) Cultivation in the State of Nagaland
Authors: Khuvung Z. , Mishra P. , Naik B. J.
Published: April 2022

Agriculture is considered as the backbone of Nagaland’s economy where about one-third of the population depends on agriculture. Major variants of cereals produced in Nagaland are rice, maize and millet. The two most common methods of cultivation in the state are jhum and terrace cultivation which makes about 86 per cent of the total cultivable area. With the increasing trend in population, there arises a need to stress more on improving the production and productivity of agriculture so as to overpass the gap between the demand and supply of food grains. A study was carried out in six districts of Nagaland with a sample size of 300 maize farmers to measure the extent of adoption in regard to recommended cultivation practices of maize. The respondents were interviewed personally with the help of structured schedule. The data obtained were coded, tabulated and analysed using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and co-efficient of variance. Findings revealed that 69 per cent of the respondents had moderate level of adoption, followed by 19.33 per cent having high adoption level and 11.67 per cent having low adoption level for recommended cultivation practices of maize.
Collaborating Conflict Management and Rural/Urban Sustainable Development in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Bankole Isaac Akinroluyo , Chidimma M. Dimgba
Published: April 2022

Conflicts have emerged as key issues challenging local, regional, national and global security. Environmental crises and problems throughout the world are widespread and increasing rapidly. In relation to these concerns, the main objective of the study was to examine the collaborating conflict management and rural/urban sustainable development in south-south Nigeria. Other specific objectives set for the study were to examine the impact of accommodation on economic growth and to determine the influence of communication on quality of life. The population comprised of staff of ministry of Housing and Urban Development in Edo state. A sample size of eighty five (85) participants were selected using stratified sampling method taking from the total staff of ministry of Housing and Urban Development in Edo state Nigeria. The statistical technique used was linear regression analysis. The results showed that a statistically strong and positive relationship exists between accommodation and economic growth (R square = 0.944 p < 0.05), and that communication have significant influence on quality of life (R square = 0.769 p < 0.05). This result is statistically significant as the p-value of the results (0.000) is less than 0.05 level of significance set for the study. The study concluded that accommodation has a strong and significant impact on economic growth of south-south Nigeria and that if there is effective communication it will help enhance the people’s quality of life. The study recommends that organizations/government should provide conducive environment through good accommodation in order to foster the economic growth and they should continue to communicate effectively through clear policies, apparent procedures and rules communication to improve quality of life of the people.