bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Condicionantes de la desigualdad en el acceso al mercado laboral y remuneración en profesionales de la salud del Perú
Authors: Universidad del Rosario Portal de Revistas
Published: October 2020

Introducción: el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores condicionantes de la desigualdad en el acceso al mercado laboral y remuneración en los profesionales de salud del Perú. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional basado en el análisis secundario de los principales resultados de la Encuesta Nacional a Egresados Universitarios y Universidades, 2014 con una muestra de 1974 profesionales de la salud sometida a expansión para realizar el cálculo de chi cuadrado, odds ratio crudo (orc) y odds ratio ajustado (ora) mediante regresión logística, con sus intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: existió mayor riesgo de desocupación en mujeres (ora: 1.574; ic95%: 1.456-1.702), en universidades públicas (ora: 1.137; ic95%: 1.068-1.210) o ubicadas en provincias diferentes a Lima y Callao (ora: 1.552; ic95%: 1.452-1.661). La autoidentificación como mestizos (ora: 0.704; ic95%: 0.621-0.798), quechuas (ora: 0.653; ic95%: 0.556-0.767), aymaras (ora: 0.679; ic95%: 0.511-0.902) y otros (ora: 0.549; ic95%:0.432-0.698) tuvo un efecto protector frente a la desocupación. Las mujeres (ora: 1.580; ic95%: 1.484-1.682), los quechuas (ora: 1.259; ic95%: 1.092-1.451) y los egresados de universidades ubicadas fuera de Lima y Callao (ora: 2.601; ic95%: 2.455-2.756) presentaron mayor riesgo de remuneración inferior a los 1000 soles; en cambio, el egreso de una universidad pública (ora: 0.784; ic95%: 0.744-0.828) disminuyó la probabilidad de remuneración menor a 1000 soles. Conclusión: el sexo, la etnia, el centralismo y el nivel socioeconómico estarían condicionando la desigualdad en el mercado laboral, a pesar del mayor nivel de instrucción obtenido por los profesionales de salud.
The Quadratic Multiknapsack Problem with Conflicts and Balance Constraints
Authors: Olivier Philippe , Lodi Andrea , Pesant Gilles
Published: October 2020

The quadratic multiknapsack problem consists of packing a set of items of various weights into knapsacks of limited capacities with profits being associated with pairs of items packed into the same knapsack. This problem has been solved by various heuristics since its inception, and more recently it has also been solved with an exact method. We introduce a generalization of this problem that includes pairwise conflicts as well as balance constraints, among other particularities. We present and compare constraint programming and integer programming approaches for solving this generalized problem.

Summary of Contribution: The quadratic multiknapsack problem consists of packing a set of items of various weights into knapsacks of limited capacities -- with profits being associated with pairs of items packed into the same knapsack. This problem has been solved by various heuristics since its inception, and more recently it has also been solved with an exact method. We introduce a generalization of this problem which includes pairwise conflicts as well as balance constraints, among other particularities. We present and compare constraint programming and integer programming approaches for solving this generalized problem. The problem we address is clearly in the core of the operations research applications in which subsets have to be built and, in particular, we add the concept of fairness to the modeling and solution process by computationally evaluating techniques to take fairness into account. This is clearly at the core of computational evaluation of algorithms.
Resistant Sets in the Unit Hypercube
Authors: Abdi Ahmad , Cornuéjols Gérard , Lee Dabeen
Published: October 2020

Ideal matrices and clutters are prevalent in combinatorial optimization, ranging from balanced matrices, clutters of T-joins, to clutters of rooted arborescences. Most of the known examples of ideal clutters are combinatorial in nature. In this paper, rendered by the recently developed theory of cuboids, we provide a different class of ideal clutters, one that is geometric in nature. The advantage of this new class of ideal clutters is that it allows for infinitely many ideal minimally nonpacking clutters. We characterize the densest ideal minimally nonpacking clutters of the class. Using the tools developed, we then verify the replication conjecture for the class.
Technical Note—On Nested Partitions Method for Global Optimization
Authors: Wu Tao
Published: October 2020

Finite-Time Behavior of Nested Partitions Method for Global Optimization
Impact of wound duration on diabetic foot ulcer healing: evaluation of a new sucrose octasulfate wound dressing
Authors: Lobmann Ralf , Grünerbel Arthur , Lawall Holger , Lüdemann Claas , Morbach Stephan , Tigges Wolfgang , Völkel Lukas , Rychlik Reinhard PT
Published: October 2020

Objective:

A common and frequent complication of diabetes is diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), which can have high treatment costs and severe adverse events. This study aims to evaluate the effects of wound duration on wound healing and the impact on costs, including treatment with a new sucrose octasulfate dressing compared with a control dressing.

Method:

Based on the Explorer study (a two-armed randomised double-blind clinical trial), a cost-effectiveness analysis compared four different patient groups distinguished by their wound duration and additionally two DFU treatment options: a sucrose octasulfate dressing and a neutral dressing (as control). Clinical outcomes and total direct costs of wound dressings were evaluated over 20 weeks from the perspective of the Social Health Insurance in Germany. Simulation of long-term outcomes and costs were demonstrated by a five cycle Markov model.

Results:

The results show total wound healing rates between 71% and 14.8%, and direct treatment costs for DFU in the range of €2482–3278 (sucrose octasulfate dressing) and €2768–3194 (control dressing). Patients with a wound duration of ≤2 months revealed the highest wound healing rates for both the sucrose octasulfate dressing and control dressing (71% and 41%, respectively) and had the lowest direct treatment costs of €2482 and €2768, respectively. The 100-week Markov model amplified the results. Patients with ≤2 months' wound duration achieved wound healing rates of 98% and 88%, respectively and costs of €3450 and €6054, respectively (CE=€3520, €6864). Sensitivity analysis revealed that the dressing changes per week were the most significant uncertainty factor.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings of this study, early treatment of DFU with a sucrose octasulfate dressing is recommended from a health economic view due to lower treatment costs, greater cost-effectiveness and higher wound healing rates.
Prospective Teachers' Expectations of Students' Mathematical Thinking Processes in Solving Problems
Authors: Tohir Mohammad , Maswar Maswar , Atikurrahman Moh. , Saiful Saiful , Pradita Diyah Ayu Rizki
Published: October 2020

This research aims to describe the expectations of prospective teachers for students' mathematical thinking processes in solving problem-based on the Polya model. This model is perceived by the theory of mathematical thought processes proposed by Mason. A descriptive method with a qualitative approach was used in this research. The research subjects were 25 students from the Department of Mathematics Education, Ibrahimy University. The test was given to collect data related to mathematical thinking processes expected by prospective teachers to students. Collected data including observations, tests, and interviews were tested in the aspect of their validity by triangulation. The qualitative descriptive was used to analyze the data. The results indicated that: (1) The average GPA (Grade Point Average) of the high, medium, and low group prospective teachers' were 93.25; 89.89; and 83.63 with a standard deviation of 1.754 each; 1.054; and 5.370, respectively (2) The prospective teachers expected that the students' mathematical thinking processes were able to carry out all of four mathematical thinking processes based on Mason Theory; (3) The prospective teachers expected that students were able to use Mason Theory on every stage of the Polya model problem solving; and (4) The expectation of prospective teachers were specializing (89%), generalizing (75%), conjecturing (62%), and convincing (59%). The results suggest for following up in a teachers or lecturer’s meeting in order to find out the expectations of their students' mathematical thinking processes, both in mathematics or other disciplines.
How we managed elective, urgent, and emergency orthopedic surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Giorgi Pietro Domenico , Gallazzi Enrico , Capitani Paolo , D’Aliberti Giuseppe Antiono , Bove Federico , Chiara Osvaldo , Peretti Giuseppe , Schirò Giuseppe Rosario
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 virus is a tremendous burden for the Italian health system. The regionally-based Italian National Health System has been reorganized. Hospitals' biggest challenge was to create new intensive care unit (ICU) beds, as the existing system was insufficient to meet new demand, especially in the most affected areas. Our institution in the Milan metropolitan area of Lombardy, the epicentre of the infection, was selected as one of the three regional hub for major trauma, serving a population of more than three million people. The aims were the increase the ICU beds and the rationalization of human and structural resources available for treating COVID-19 patients. In our hub hospital, the reorganization aimed to reduce the risk of infection and to obtained resources, in terms of beds and healthcare personnel to be use in the COVID-19 emergency. Non-urgent outpatient orthopaedic activity and elective surgery was also suspended. A training programme for healthcare personnel started immediately. Orthopaedic and radiological pathways dedicated to COVID-19 patients, or with possible infection, have been established. In our orthopaedic department, we passed from 70 to 26 beds. Our goal is to treat trauma surgery's patient in the “golden 72 hours” in order to reduce the overall hospital length of stay. We applied an objective priority system to manage the flow of surgical procedures in the emergency room based on clinical outcomes and guidelines. Organizing the present to face the emergency is a challenge, but in the global plan of changes in hospital management one must also think about the near future. We reported the Milan metropolitan area orthopaedic surgery management during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our decisions are not based on scientific evidence; therefore, the decision on how reorganize hospitals will likely remain in the hands of individual countries.
Outcomes reported in trials of childhood fractures
Authors: Marson Ben A. , Craxford Simon , Deshmukh Sandeep R. , Grindlay Douglas , Manning Joseph , Ollivere Benjamin J.
Published: October 2020

Aims

To analyze outcomes reported in trials of childhood fractures.

Methods

OVID MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched on the eighth August 2019. A manual search of trial registries, bibliographic review and internet search was used to identify additional studies. 11,476 studies were screened following PRISMA guidelines. 100 trials were included in the analysis. Data extraction was completed by two researchers for each trial. Study quality was not evaluated. Outcomes reported by trials were mapped onto domains in the World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Function framework.

Results

In all, 525 outcomes were identified representing 52 WHO domains. Four domains were reported in more than 50% of trials: structure of upper/lower limb, sensation of pain, mobility of joint function, and health services, systems and policies. The Activities Scale for Kids performance (ASK-p) score was the most common outcome score reported in 6/72 upper limb and 4/28 lower limb trials.

Conclusion

There is a diverse range of outcomes reported in trials of childhood fractures covering all areas in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) framework. There were three common upper limb and three common lower limb outcomes. In the absence of a core outcome set, we recommend that upper limb trials report pain, range of movement and radiograph appearance of the arm and lower limb trials report pain, radiograph appearance of the leg and healthcare costs to improve consistency of reporting in future trials. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-5:167–174.
Predictors of musculoskeletal manifestations in paediatric patients presenting with sickle cell disease at a tertiary teaching hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Musowoya Raymond Mpanjilwa , Kaonga Patrick , Bwanga Alick , Chunda-Lyoka Catherine , Lavy Christopher , Munthali James
Published: October 2020

Aims

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive inherited condition that presents with a number of clinical manifestations that include musculoskeletal manifestations (MM). MM may present differently in different individuals and settings and the predictors are not well known. Herein, we aimed at determining the predictors of MM in patients with SCD at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods

An unmatched case-control study was conducted between January and May 2019 in children below the age of 16 years. In all, 57 cases and 114 controls were obtained by systematic sampling method. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The different MM were identified, staged, and classified according to the Standard Orthopaedic Classification Systems using radiological and laboratory investigations. The data was entered in Epidata version 3.1 and exported to STATA 15 for analysis. Multiple logistic regression was used to determine predictors and predictive margins were used to determine the probability of MM.

Results

The cases were older median age 9.5 (interquartile range (IQR) 7 to 12) years compared to controls 7 (IQR 4 to 11) years; p = 0.003. After multivariate logistic regression, increase in age (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04 to 1.45; p = 0.043), increase in the frequency of vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC) (AOR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.52; p = 0.009) and increase in percentage of haemoglobin S (HbS) (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.29; p < 0.001) were significant predictors of MM. Predictive margins showed that for a 16-year-old the average probability of having MM would be 51 percentage points higher than that of a two-year-old.

Conclusion

Increase in age, frequency of VOC, and an increase in the percentage of HbS were significant predictors of MM. These predictors maybe useful to clinicians in determining children who are at risk. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:175–181.
Evaluating the efficacy of a two-site (‘COVID-19’ and ‘COVID-19-free’) trauma and orthopaedic service for the management of hip fractures during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK
Authors: Chui Karen , Thakrar Amit , Shankar Shivakumar
Published: October 2020

Aims

Hip fracture patients are at higher risk of severe COVID-19 illness, and admission into hospital puts them at further risk. We implemented a two-site orthopaedic trauma service, with ‘COVID’ and ‘COVID-free’ hubs, to deliver urgent and infection-controlled trauma care for hip fracture patients, while increasing bed capacity for medical patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A vacated private elective surgical centre was repurposed to facilitate a two-site, ‘COVID’ and ‘COVID-free’, hip fracture service. Patients were screened for COVID-19 infection and either kept at our ‘COVID’ site or transferred to our ‘COVID-free’ site. We collected data for 30 days on patient demographics, Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), Nottingham Hip Fracture Scores (NHFS), time to surgery, COVID-19 status, mortality, and length of stay (LOS).

Results

In all, 47 hip fracture patients presented to our service: 12 were admitted to the ‘COVID’ site and 35 to the ‘COVID-free’ site. The ‘COVID’ site cohort were older (mean 86.8 vs 78.5 years, p = 0.0427) and with poorer CFS (p = 0.0147) and NHFS (p = 0.0023) scores. At the ‘COVID-free’ site, mean time to surgery was less (29.8 vs 52.8 hours, p = 0.0146), and mean LOS seemed shorter (8.7 vs 12.6 days, p = 0.0592). No patients tested positive for COVID-19 infection while at the ‘COVID-free’ site. We redirected 74% of our admissions from the base ‘COVID’ site and created 304 inpatient days’ capacity for medical COVID patients.

Conclusion

Acquisition of unused elective orthopaedic capacity from the private sector facilitated a two-site trauma service. Patients were treated expeditiously, while successfully achieving strict infection control. We achieved significant gains in medical bed capacity in response to the COVID-19 demand. The authors propose the repurposing of unused elective operating facilities for a two-site ‘COVID’ and ‘COVID-free’ model as a safe and effective way of managing hip fracture patients during the pandemic. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:190–197.
Population mobility and adult orthopaedic trauma services during the COVID-19 pandemic: fragility fracture provision remains a priority
Authors: Scott Chloe E. H. , Holland George , Powell-Bowns Matilda F. R. , Brennan Caitlin M. , Gillespie Matthew , Mackenzie Samuel P. , Clement Nick D. , Amin Anish K. , White Tim O. , Duckworth Andrew D.
Published: October 2020

Aims

This study aims to define the epidemiology of trauma presenting to a single centre providing all orthopaedic trauma care for a population of ∼ 900,000 over the first 40 days of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to that presenting over the same period one year earlier. The secondary aim was to compare this with population mobility data obtained from Google.

Methods

A cross-sectional study of consecutive adult (> 13 years) patients with musculoskeletal trauma referred as either in-patients or out-patients over a 40-day period beginning on 5 March 2020, the date of the first reported UK COVID-19 death, was performed. This time period encompassed social distancing measures. This group was compared to a group of patients referred over the same calendar period in 2019 and to publicly available mobility data from Google.

Results

Orthopaedic trauma referrals reduced by 42% (1,056 compared to 1,820) during the study period, and by 58% (405 compared to 967) following national lockdown. Outpatient referrals reduced by 44%, and inpatient referrals by 36%, and the number of surgeries performed by 36%. The regional incidence of traumatic injury fell from 5.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 4.79 to 5.35) to 2.94 (95% CI 2.52 to 3.32) per 100,000 population per day. Significant reductions were seen in injuries related to sports and alcohol consumption. No admissions occurred relating to major trauma (Injury Severity Score > 16) or violence against the person. Changes in population mobility and trauma volume from baseline correlated significantly (Pearson’s correlation 0.749, 95% CI 0.58 to 0.85, p < 0.001). However, admissions related to fragility fractures remained unchanged compared to the 2019 baseline.

Conclusion

The profound changes in social behaviour and mobility during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic have directly correlated with a significant decrease in orthopaedic trauma referrals, but fragility fractures remained unaffected and provision for these patients should be maintained. Cite this article: Bone Joint Open 2020;1-6:182–189.
The application of machine learning to balance a total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Verstraete Matthias A. , Moore Ryan E. , Roche Martin , Conditt Michael A.
Published: October 2020

Aims

The use of technology to assess balance and alignment during total knee surgery can provide an overload of numerical data to the surgeon. Meanwhile, this quantification holds the potential to clarify and guide the surgeon through the surgical decision process when selecting the appropriate bone recut or soft tissue adjustment when balancing a total knee. Therefore, this paper evaluates the potential of deploying supervised machine learning (ML) models to select a surgical correction based on patient-specific intra-operative assessments.

Methods

Based on a clinical series of 479 primary total knees and 1,305 associated surgical decisions, various ML models were developed. These models identified the indicated surgical decision based on available, intra-operative alignment, and tibiofemoral load data.

Results

With an associated area under the receiver-operator curve ranging between 0.75 and 0.98, the optimized ML models resulted in good to excellent predictions. The best performing model used a random forest approach while considering both alignment and intra-articular load readings.

Conclusion

The presented model has the potential to make experience available to surgeons adopting new technology, bringing expert opinion in their operating theatre, but also provides insight in the surgical decision process. More specifically, these promising outcomes indicated the relevance of considering the overall limb alignment in the coronal and sagittal plane to identify the appropriate surgical decision.
Toward Understanding of the Peanut Maturity Classification Process
Authors: Zhao Zhuo , Boland Brian L. , Tse Zion T. H.
Published: October 2020

Highlights

The manual mesocarp color-based classification process for runner peanuts was investigated to inform the development of an automatic method for peanut maturity classification.

The results show that the maturity classification process is not solely dependent on mesocarp color. Other factors, such as the shape of the sample distribution, are considered during the manual process.

Color detection and distribution shape should be considered in the future development of automatic peanut maturity classification system.

Abstract. Optimizing the harvest date is essential for maximizing peanut yields and ensuring top-quality peanuts. Currently, the most popular and acceptable method for peanut maturity classification is a manual method called the peanut profile board, which is based on the color of the peanut’s mesocarp layer. An automated system could greatly improve the efficiency of the current manual method. However, little research has been done on the manual method, so there is not enough insight to guide the development of an automatic system. In this study, the aim was to analyze the process of using the peanut profile board and gather relevant information for developing an automatic method for peanut maturity classification. Specifically, a GoPro camera was used to record on-site sample classification by trained human classifiers. Classification times were analyzed through the recorded videos, and the classification results were compared with a solely color-based classification method to see if trained classifiers consider factors other than color. With an average classification time of 11.98 s per peanut, the Black 1 color category required more classification time than the other color categories, which indicates that Black 1 is most important for maturity classification. The results from the solely color-based classification method had an average color matching rate of 69.3% with the results of the trained classifiers, which indicates that peanut maturity evaluation is not based only on color. The maturity prediction, defined as the ratio of the number of peanuts in the combined brown and black categories to the total sample size, differed by an average of only 13.4% between the two classification methods. This indicates that mesocarp color is the major factor for peanut maturity classification. Overall, the results of this study prove the feasibility of automated color detection and classification for peanut maturity evaluation. Future development of such a system will benefit from the insights found in this study. Keywords: Color classification, Peanut classification time, Peanut maturity classification procedure.
Two Decades of Smart Irrigation Controllers in U.S. Landscape Irrigation
Authors: Dukes Michael D.
Published: October 2020

Highlights

Savings numbers in new studies across multiple soil types and climates are similar to those summarized in 2011 and are summarized here as 51% in research plot studies and 30% in single-family homes.

Studies of the human factors have begun showing how important the users are to success of the technology.

Education in implementation remains important to achieve potential water conservation.

Abstract. Smart irrigation controllers, such as evapotranspiration (ET) and soil moisture sensor (SMS) controllers, have become commonly available from virtually all irrigation controller manufacturers. This review summarizes the literature since the Fifth Decennial National Irrigation Symposium (NIS) concerning these controllers in research studies and pilot implementations. Studies have expanded to multiple climates throughout the U.S. on a variety of soils and plant types. When these devices are implemented properly on sites that have potential irrigation savings (i.e., excess irrigation), they are able to reduce irrigation while maintaining plant quality. The level of reduction depends on many factors, including the amount of excess irrigation, climate, plant type, and human interaction with the technology. When studies report positive savings, the levels documented here range from 40% to 61% (51% avg.) in plot studies and from 28% to 32% (30% avg.) in residential studies. Of 17 identified studies in the past decade, five reported negative savings, and in most cases those results were due to ET controllers installed on sites with little excess irrigation or controller programming that was not optimized for savings. New trends in the industry include Wi-Fi signal-based ET controllers with smartphone app capability, an upcoming standard for SMS controllers, as well as smart controllers becoming mandatory in areas of the U.S. As identified in the Fifth Decennial NIS, it remains important to implement controllers on sites with the potential for irrigation reduction as well as proper implementation with the best current information. Finally, there is a need to understand human interaction with these devices because improper programming can make the difference between a water-saving device and ineffective technology with a dissatisfied customer. Keywords: ET controller, Landscape irrigation, Smart controller, SMS, Soil moisture sensor, Soil water sensor.
Linearly polarized single-frequency fiber laser based on the Yb:YAG-crystal derived silica fiber
Authors: Xie Yongyao , Cong Zhenhua , Zhao Zhigang , Liu Zhaojun , Zhao Xian , Qin Zengguang , Jia Zhixu , Qin Guanshi , Shao Xianbin , Gao Xibao , Zhang Xingyu
Published: October 2020

A linearly polarized low-noise single-frequency fiber laser was demonstrated by using a homemade 1.2-cm-long Yb:YAG crystal derived silica fiber. A maximum output power of greater than 60 mW was obtained with a signal-to-noise ratio of

∼

80

d
B

and a polarization extinction ratio of 27.8 dB. Additionally, the relative intensity noise was measured to be

−

145

d
B

/

H
z

above 6.5 MHz. A frequency fluctuation of less than 20 MHz was also obtained. The output power was scaled up to 14.5 W with a one-stage all-fiber amplifier scheme with a slope efficiency of 56.4%.
Design for stray-light reduction to a Martian ionospheric
imager
Authors: Nakagawa Hiromu , Yamazaki Atsushi , Enya Keigo , Fujishiro Naofumi , Terada Naoki , Seki Kanako
Published: October 2020

We demonstrate a new design high-contrast optics suitable for use on a
stray-light reduction. Two-dimensional distribution of diffracted
light was numerically analyzed and confirmed by a laboratory
measurement to determine its characteristics. Laboratory measurements
confirm stray-light performance with

∼

10

−
8

rejection viewing as close as 1.0° to
a bright-light source. The present improvement replaces the
conventional normal-edge vane by an edge with microscopic
Gaussian-shaped structures. This permits simplified fabrication,
provides even more weight reduction, and delivers improved performance
for a given size.
High-speed imaging of the sound field by parallel phase-shifting digital holography
Authors: Takase Yuki , Shimizu Kazuki , Mochida Shogo , Inoue Tomoyoshi , Nishio Kenzo , Rajput Sudheesh K. , Matoba Osamu , Xia Peng , Awatsuji Yasuhiro
Published: October 2020

Sound field imaging techniques have been found very useful for acoustic designs. Building on this idea, innovative techniques are needed and presented in this paper, where we report on developed imaging of the sound field radiated from speakers by parallel phase-shifting digital holography. We adopted an ultrasonic wave radiated from a speaker for an object. The phase distribution of the light wave was modulated by the sound field radiated from the speaker. The modulated phase distribution was recorded in the form of multiplexed phase-shifted holograms at the frame rate of 100,000 fps. A 40,000 Hz sound field radiated from a speaker is used as an observation target. Our proposed method can implement the imaging of the sound field successfully. Also, in order to demonstrate the digital refocusing capability of digital holography, we set two speakers, whose difference in depth positions was 6.6 cm, as a long-depth object. We demonstrated the digital refocusing on the two speakers along with the capability of measuring the positions of the objects. Furthermore, we succeeded in imaging of 40,000 Hz and 41,000 Hz sound fields radiated from the two speakers. The presented experimental results showed that parallel phase-shifting digital holography is very useful and suitable for sound field imaging.
High-Q resonance in GeSn-based bound states in the continuum microcavity
Authors: Liu Xinyi , Liu Yan , Fang Cizhe , Huang Yan , Shao Yao , Han Genquan , Hao Yue
Published: October 2020

In recent years, the investigations of lasers based on group IV material have been limited by the low quality (Q) factor of the resonant modes. With the improvement of the optical bound states in the continuum (BICs) in various dielectric systems, we propose a novel design that takes advantages of both the direct bandgap dielectric material GeSn and the BIC phenomenon. In addition to the demonstration of the unprecedented high-Q factors (i.e., 

∼

10

10

) that improve the emission process, the vertical symmetry broken structure can emit light at the wavelength of 1870 nm with higher luminous intensity (i.e., 

∼

24

). The modulation effect of the material and geometric parameters on the Q value and the luminous intensity of the structure are also demonstrated. Our investigations provide useful guidelines for potential applications such as on-chip light sources in group IV photonics and optical communications.
Period-mismatched sine dual-interface grating for optical absorption in silicon thin-film solar cells
Authors: Zheng Hongmei , Yu Yingchun , Wu Rui , Wu Sheng , Chen Shunhua , Chen Ke
Published: October 2020

Crystalline silicon thin-film solar cells with period-mismatched sine dual-interface gratings are proposed. Several structural parameters of the front and rear gratings, such as heights, periods, and duty ratios, are optimized using the finite-difference time-domain method. The mechanisms of absorption enhancement are also illustrated by analyzing the optical and electrical performance in thin-film solar cells with different grating arrangements. Numerical results indicate that the period-mismatched sine dual-interface grating structure shows obvious improvement in absorption efficiency and is more suitable for grating structures with small period. The short-circuit current density of the period-mismatched dual-interface sine grating structure is improved to

18.89

m
A

/

c
m

2

, an increase of 41.39% as compared with the planar structure. The research findings can be utilized to guide the design of grating structures for thin-film solar cells.
Evaluation of rice varieties using LIBS and FTIR techniques associated with PCA and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Ribeiro Matheus C. S. , Senesi Giorgio S. , Cabral Jader S. , Cena Cícero , Marangoni Bruno S. , Kiefer Charles , Nicolodelli Gustavo
Published: October 2020

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for atomic multi-elementary analyses, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for molecular identification, are often suggested as the most versatile spectroscopic techniques. The present work aimed to evaluate the performance of both techniques, LIBS and FTIR, combined with principal component analysis (PCA) and machine learning (ML) algorithms in the detection of the composition analysis and differentiation of four different types of rice, white, brown, black, and red. The two techniques were primarily used to obtain the elemental and molecular qualitative characterization of rice samples. Then, LIBS and FTIR data sets were subjected to PCA and supervised ML analysis to investigate which main chemical features were responsible for nutritional differences for the white (milled) and colored rice samples. In particular, PCA data analysis suggested that protein, fatty acids, and magnesium were the highest contributors to the sample’s differentiation. The ML analysis based on this information yielded a 100% level of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity on sample classification. In conclusion, LIBS and FTIR coupled with multivariate analysis were confirmed as promising tools alternative to traditional analytical techniques for composition analysis and differentiation when subtle chemical variations were observed.
Impact of receiver architecture on small satellite optical link in the presence of pointing jitter
Authors: Zaman Imam Uz , Boyraz Ozdal
Published: October 2020

The pointing jitter originated from the random mechanical vibration of
the optical platform and the noise associated with the optomechanical
sensor system unquestionably deteriorate the performance of the
inter-satellite optical link. The impact of the jitter changes
significantly with the receiver architecture. In this paper, we
present a mathematical model to investigate the link performance in
the presence of angular pointing jitters for different receiver
architectures. Alongside the statistical pointing error model, the
derived model incorporates key receiver design parameters such as
detector radius, receiver aperture size,

f

-number of the lens system, and beam
compression ratio to study the impact of receiver architecture on the
pointing jitter. As an example, a CubeSat optical receiver is
analyzed. We show that by careful selection of beam compression ratio
and

f

-number, more than 5 orders of
magnitude bit error rate improvement is achievable even at large
pointing error.
Approach to high pulse energy emission of the self-starting mode-locked figure-9 fiber laser
Authors: Duan Dian , Wang Jie , Wu Yang , Ma Jindong , Mao Qinghe
Published: October 2020

The figure-9 fiber laser exhibits excellent performance, but improvement of its output pulse energy is restricted by the laser structure design that ensures self-starting mode-locking. In this paper, we propose and verify a novel method to increase the pulse energy of the self-starting figure-9 fiber laser. By reducing the linear phase shift step-by-step in a self-starting figure-9 laser and synchronously increasing the pump power, the output pulse energy can be increased while the laser can always operate in the single-pulse mode-locking region. Using a 112-MHz dispersion-managed soliton figure-9 fiber laser, the effectiveness of our proposed method is verified, and the laser output pulse energy has been successfully increased to 1.4 nJ, which is 5.6 times the pulse energy before the boost. The entire self-starting mode-locking of the laser including the program-controlled joint adjustment is less than 1s with 100% success rate of more than 100 tests. This method can in principle solve the limitation on the output pulse energy caused by the self-start of the figure-9 laser.
Experimental quantum entanglement and teleportation by tuning remote spatial indistinguishability of independent photons
Authors: Sun Kai , Wang Yan , Liu Zheng-Hao , Xu Xiao-Ye , Xu Jin-Shi , Li Chuan-Feng , Guo Guang-Can , Castellini Alessia , Nosrati Farzam , Compagno Giuseppe , Lo Franco Rosario
Published: October 2020

Quantitative control of spatial indistinguishability of identical subsystems as a direct quantum resource at distant sites has not yet been experimentally proven. We design a setup capable of tuning remote spatial indistinguishability of two independent photons by individually adjusting their spatial distribution in two distant regions, leading to polarization entanglement from uncorrelated photons. This is achieved by spatially localized operations and classical communication on photons that meet only at the detectors. The amount of entanglement depends uniquely on the degree of spatial indistinguishability, quantified by an entropic measure

I

, which enables teleportation with fidelities above the classical threshold. The results open the way to viable indistinguishability-enhanced quantum information processing.
Laser-induced anisotropy of electronic pressure and excitation of edge currents inside metal
Authors: Oladyshkin Ivan , Fadeev Daniil , Mironov Vyacheslav
Published: October 2020

We show theoretically that anisotropy of the electronic distribution function inside the laser-irradiated metal leads to the formation of edge currents at the timescale of distribution isotropization. When the electronic pressure in the skin layer is anisotropic, the pressure gradient appears to be non-potential force producing a low-frequency magnetic field. In the case of femtosecond laser pumping, the estimated internal magnetic field reaches magnitude up to 1 T even in the non-damaging interaction regime. We demonstrate that this field is localized inside the metal, while just a minor part of its energy is radiated into free space as a sub-terahertz signal.
Shirley Jackson’s Hill House and the rise of meta-gothic parody
Authors: Snyder Travis
Published: October 2020

This article argues that Shirley Jackson bent her classic gothic tale The Haunting of Hill House into a new genre, the meta-gothic parody. Utilizing a postmodern framing of parody that gestures towards the meta-textual, I reread the humour as presented in the novel as a survival strategy. In utilizing parodic jokes that make fun of classic gothic tropes, some characters are able to survive a haunted house by transcending the genre that they are stuck within. Other characters, unable to change the rules, end up losing the game and getting entrapped. Jackson’s book likewise breaks new ground in what is so often lamented as a tired genre.
EFFICIENCY OF INPATIENT LAYOUT IN PRIVATE HOSPITAL (Case Study: Bhakti Asih Hospital, Brebes Central Java)
Authors: Wahyuningrum Sri Hartuti , Wardhani Mustika K.
Published: October 2020

In the context of hospital building, inpatient care has large portion in comparasion of the other facility areas within hospitals related to efficiency, such as outpatient services, emergency room, diagnostic and especially inpatient function group services. Even though inpatient care group do not have specific requirements for detailed design and building equipment, it requires efficiency considerations related to correlation with room layout. It is expected that by considering the level of efficiency of service to patients, design can fulfill technical requirements of health and medical aspects. Regarding designs for district-level private hospitals, demand optimization of placement and layout of inpatient care became main topic in this research. This is related to the value of investment in building area development and types of services provided according to inpatient services class. The method used is comparative study of two (2) private hospital design to find the mind factors that most influence of optimization of inpatient layout. The results of study can be used as a guide in architectural design process for designing hospital buildings especially related to design efficiency of inpatient layout so that the building can function sustainability because of optimal service.
PENGARUH RUANG TERBUKA PUBLIK TERHADAP TINGKAT KENYAMANAN SOSIAL PENGHUNI DI PERUMNAS TLOGOSARI SEMARANG
Authors: Wibowo Putera Marhadika , Hardiman Gagoek , Suprapti Atik
Published: October 2020

Perumnas Tlogosari adalah salah satu perumahan di Kota Semarang yang terdiri dari dua kelurahan yakni Kelurahan Tlogosari Kulon dan Kelurahan Muktiharjo Kidul. Perumahan ini dibangun pada tahun 1981 dan terus mengalami perkembangan yang juga dikuti dengan pertumbuhan jumlah penghuni perumahan tersebut. Seiring dengan bertambahanya jumlah penghuni Perumnas Tlogosari, maka diperlukan fasilitas umum untuk menunjang aktivitas dan memberikan kenyamanan sosial bagi para penghuni Perumnas Tlogosari, dimana salah satunya adalah ruang terbuka publik.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari fungsi ruang terbuka publik bagi kenyamanan sosial masyarakat. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada penghuni Perumnas Tlogosari RW 20 Kelurahan Muktiharjo Kidul. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 50 orang responden. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode analisis Analisis Regresi Linear Berganda dan untuk pengujian hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji parsial.Berdasarkan hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa ruang terbuka publik yang mampu menjalankan semua fungsinya dapat memberikan kenyamanan sosial bagi masyarakat. Hal ini ditujukkan dari tingkat kenyamanan penghuni yang tinggi akibat fungsi dari ruang terbuka publik yang tercapai
DESAIN KAWASAN AGROEDU-WISATA BERBASIS DESA
Authors: Werdiningsih Hermin , Hasan Muhammad Ismail , Pramesti Previari Umi
Published: October 2020

Pengembangan pariwisata berbasis desa sedang marak dikembangkan di desa-desa. Terlebih pariwisata memberikan dampak baik yang cukup signifikan untuk penguatan perekonomian serta pemberdayaan masyarakat desa. Konsep wisata yang cocok diterapkan di desa adalah konsep wisata yang mengusung kelokalan seperti agrowisata karena pertanian sangat lekat kaitannya dengan pedesaan. Untuk menambah nilai wisata itu sendiri, konsep edukasi juga perlu ditambahkan untuk mengenalkan pertanian bagi pengunjungnya. Konsep wisata tersebut yang dirancang di Desa Lopait untuk memberikan manfaat tanah bengkok sekaligus mengangkat perekonomian wara sekitar. Desain yang dikembangkan berkonsep murah, mudah, dan tidak bersifat permanen, sehingga sebagian besar infrastrukturnya menggunakan bambu.
Effect of Acid Concentration on the Activation of Bayah Natural Zeolite for Palm Kernel Shell Pyrolysis Application
Authors: Suhendi Endang , Wibowo Andre , Lestari Tia , Kurniawan Teguh
Published: October 2020

Biooil is the main product in the pyrolysis process which is expected to be a liquid fuel replacement solution. But the resulting biooil cannot be directly used as a result of high oxygenated compounds, high viscosity, corrosive, and unstable. Addition of activated natural zeolite catalyst to the pyrolysis process is expected to improve the quality of biooil in order to be used as a renewable liquid fuel. The research aims to determine the influence of acid concentrations on zeolite modification to the characteristics of pyrolysis products. Result of catalyst characterization indicates that zeolite activation using acid will increase Si/Al ratio as well as open the surface of previously hindered zeolite. The yield of char produced in this study tends not to undergo significant changes between the catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis by 33% wt. Addition of zeolite catalyst in pyrolysis proved to be able to increase the content of phenol and decrease the content of acetic acid in bio-oil by 6% . Meanwhile, yield of CO2 increases by 20% in the use of catalysts due to the release of oxygen in the oxygenate compounds. The results of this study showed that the resulting biooil still does not meet the specifications of liquid fuels but can be utilized as a renewable chemical feedstock.Keywords: pyrolysis; biomass; natural zeolite;modified
Opis autotematyczny na przykładzie poezji kobiet. Przypadek Joanny Pollakówny
Authors: Grądziel-Wójcik Joanna
Published: October 2020

W artykule wyodrębniony zostaje opis autotematyczny jako technika metapoetyckiej refleksji, z jednej strony odniesiona do strukturalistycznej teorii opisu, z drugiej – do praktyki poetyckiej kobiet, w której metarefleksja jest ważnym, ale niedostatecznie omówionym zjawiskiem. Stosowane przez poetki zabiegi autotematyczne nakierowane są często nie tyle na problematyzowanie poetyckiego medium, mającego wywołać Barthes’owski „efekt rzeczywistości”, ile na samopoznanie podmiotu i konstruowanie indywidualnych projektów epistemologicznych. Przykładowo przywołana zostaje poezja Wisławy Szymborskiej, Julii Hartwig, Bogumiły Latawiec i Haliny Poświatowskiej, a osobną interpretację zyskuje wiersz Joanny Pollakówny.
Explicit computation of some families of Hurwitz numbers, II
Authors: Petronio Carlo
Published: October 2020

We continue our computation, using a combinatorial method based on Gronthendieck’s dessins d’enfant, of the number of (weak) equivalence classes of surface branched covers matching certain specific branch data. In this note we concentrate on data with the surface of genus g as source surface, the sphere as target surface, 3 branching points, degree 2k, and local degrees over the branching points of the form [2, …, 2], [2h + 1, 3, 2, …, 2],

π
=
[

d
i

]

i
=
1

ℓ

.

$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
\pi=[d_i]_{i=1}^\ell.
\end{array}$

We compute the corresponding (weak) Hurwitz numbers for several values of g and h, getting explicit arithmetic formulae in terms of the di
’s.
Worth Vs. Power: Han Fei’s “Objection to Positional Power” Revisited
Authors: Pines Yuri
Published: October 2020

This article discusses the chapter “Objection to Positional Power” (Nan shi 難勢) of Han Feizi 韓非子. It provides a full translation cum analysis of the text and explores systematically the chapter’s structure, rhetoric, and its political message. The discussion, which contextualizes the chapter’s message within broader trends of the Warring States-period political debates, demonstrates that beneath the surface of debates about “positional power” (shi 勢) versus “worth” (xian 賢), the chapter addresses one of the touchiest issues in Chinese political thought: that of the intrinsic weakness of hereditary monarchy. Furthermore, “Objection to Positional Power” also addresses problems of the meritocratic system of rule and elucidates some of the reasons for Han Fei’s dislike of meritocratic discourse. By highlighting some of the chapter’s intellectual gems I hope to attract further attention to the immense richness of Han Feizi as one of the most sophisticated products of China’s political thought.