bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An open trial of long‐term testosterone suppression in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy
Authors: Yamamoto Tomotaka , Yokota Kazuhiko , Amao Rie , Maeno Takashi , Haga Nobuhiko , Taguri Masataka , Ohtsu Hiroshi , Ichikawa Yaeko , Goto Jun , Tsuji Shoji
Published: December 2012

Introduction

We investigated the long‐term effects of leuprorelin on leg‐muscle strength in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA). We hypothesized that testosterone suppression by leuprorelin would prevent the progression of muscle weakness.

Methods

In a prospective, long duration, open trial, 16 SBMA patients underwent medical castration with leuprorelin for 3.5 years. Chlormadinone was coadministered initially to prevent a testosterone surge. The strength of knee extension and flexion were quantitated using a torque machine.

Results

Our hypothesis was rejected. The leg strength measures decreased significantly with the mean reduction of 22.3–27.8%. In a post hoc analysis, the leg strength of 4 patients with higher pretreatment baseline total testosterone levels and short disease duration of 1–6 years were stronger at baseline and decreased by only 12.3–15.7% after treatment.

Conclusions

Leuprorelin was not effective in this small long‐term treatment trial in SBMA. The possibility that earlier treatment might be beneficial may deserve further study. Muscle Nerve 47: 816–822, 2013
Robust stability of singularly perturbed descriptor systems with uncertain Markovian switchings and nonlinear perturbations
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Zhang Qingling , Yang Chunyu
Published: December 2012

This paper is concerned with the problem of robust stability of Markovian jump singularly perturbed descriptor systems with uncertain switchings and nonlinear perturbations for any , where is a pre‐defined positive scalar. A linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition is firstly established to guarantee the existence and uniqueness of a solution. Then, an ε‐independent condition in terms of LMI related to is derived via using an ε‐dependent Lyapunov function, where the solution exists uniquely and is globally exponentially mean‐square stable simultaneously. Finally, numerical examples are used to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the given theoretical results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantitative evaluation of the fetal cerebellar vermis using the median view on three‐dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Zhao Dan , Liu Wei , Cai Ailu , Li Jingyu , Chen Lizhu , Wang Bing
Published: December 2012

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness for quantitative evaluation of cerebellar vermis using three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasound and to establish a nomogram for Chinese fetal vermis measurements during gestation.

Methods

Sonographic examinations were performed in normal fetuses and in cases suspected of the diagnosis of vermian rotation. 3D median planes were obtained with both OMNIVIEW and tomographic ultrasound imaging.

Results

Measurements of the cerebellar vermis were highly correlated between two‐dimensional and 3D median planes. The diameter of the cerebellar vermis follows growth approximately predicted by the quadratic regression equation. The normal vermis was almost parallel to the brain stem, with the average angle degree to be <2° in normal fetuses. The average angle degree of the 9 cases of vermian rotation was ﹥5°.

Conclusions

Three‐dimensional median planes are obtained more easily than two‐dimensional ones, and allow accurate measurements of the cerebellar vermis. The 3D approach may enable rapid assessment of fetal cerebral anatomy in standard examination. Measurements of cerebellar vermis may provide a quantitative index for prenatal diagnosis of posterior fossa malformations. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance results from micro‐cell based high concentration photovoltaic research development and demonstration systems
Authors: Ghosal Kanchan , Burroughs Scott , Heuser Karsten , Setz Daniel , Garralaga‐Rojas Enrique
Published: December 2012

Semprius has a novel micro‐cell based approach that addresses the cost, performance and reliability requirements of high concentration photovoltaic systems. A design that has a geometric concentration ratio of >1100 suns and three‐junction 0.36 mm2 micro‐transfer printed cells is now complete. A module efficiency of 33.9% at a direct normal irradiance of 850 W/m2 and cell temperature of 25°C has been independently validated for this design by the Instituto de Energia Solar at the Universidad Politecnica de Madrid. This is the highest measured module efficiency for any PV module, designed for commercial use. Several research, development and demonstration (RD&D) systems have been installed with these modules to collect early on‐sun data and validate the technology. This paper presents module characterization and on‐sun system results from a 3.5‐kWp RD&D system installed at Instituto de Sistemas Fotovoltaicos de Concentracion, Puertollano, Spain by Semprius and Siemens. In addition, results from cleaning experiments and thermal performance of the system are presented from another RD&D system in Tucson. Comparisons of the performance of the Tucson RD&D system with co‐located one‐axis Si and fixed‐tilt Si systems are also presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical metals in strategic photovoltaic technologies: abundance versus recyclability
Authors: Anctil Annick , Fthenakis Vasilis
Published: December 2012

Research efforts have been directed toward photovoltaic technologies using “abundant” base metals such as copper and zinc (e.g., CZTS or more recently CZTSSe) to overcome the material constraint challenges posed by tellurium, indium, germanium and gallium in current generation technologies (e.g., CdTe, CIGS, a‐Si/thin‐film Si). These materials are limited in supply because they are minor byproducts of copper, zinc, lead and aluminum production and their economic production is inherently linked to that of the base metals. On the other hand, although the base metals currently are abundant, their reserves are not inexhaustible. In addition to resource availability, the main sustainability metrics for large scales of photovoltaics growth are low cost and minimum environmental impact. As photovoltaics installations grow to greatly displace traditional power generation infrastructures, recycling will play an increasingly important role in managing their end‐of‐life and relieving pressure on the prices of critical materials. Identifying potential issues of current technologies can help implement take‐back or recycling program ahead of time. This work explores the material recycling potential of various commercial and under development photovoltaic technologies. It sheds light on a dimension of sustainability that has not been investigated before. On the basis of entropy analyses, documented by the experience of recycling electronic products, we show that recycling of some types of photovoltaic modules that are based on “abundant” materials could be burdened by complexity and lack of value, creating, therefore, concerns associated with both end‐of life environmental impacts and resource availability. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Relation between errors in enthalpy and entropy
Authors: Perrin Charles L.
Published: December 2012

In extracting enthalpy and entropy values from temperature‐dependent data, the error in the enthalpy is proportional to the error in the entropy, with a proportionality constant equal to an average temperature of measurement. This proportionality is verified experimentally in two recent studies. It is surprising how often published data do not obey this proportionality, and it is recommended that authors apply this simple procedure to verify their analyses of the temperature dependence of equilibria or rates. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of resistive switching and electrically driven insulator–conductor transition in PbZrO3 single crystals
Authors: Jankowska‐Sumara Irena , Szot Krzysztof , Majchrowski Andrzej , Roleder Krystian
Published: December 2012

In this work, the results of detailed investigations of classical current–voltage characteristics measured both on the macro‐ and nanoscale with the use of LC‐AFM microscopy are presented. With decreasing frequencies abnormal hysteresis I(V) loops in a PbZrO3 single crystal were observed, showing a bipolar resistive switching behavior. The observed phenomena have been accounted for by the nonstoichiometry and defects produced electrochemically in the surface layers. Due to the nonstoichiometric composition of the crystal surface we showed the possibility of reversible transformation from an insulating to a conducting state in an antiferroelectric crystal by an electroforming process. The model of filamentary structure produced by extended defects and an electrochemical process is applied here to explain the data.
On the practical application of mixed effects models for repeated measures to clinical trial data
Authors: Andersen Scott W. , Millen Brian A.
Published: December 2012

The use of mixed effects models for repeated measures (MMRM) for clinical trial analyses has recently gained broad support as a primary analysis methodology. Some questions of practical implementation detail remain, however. For example, whether and how to incorporate clinical trial data that is collected at nonprotocol‐specified timepoints or clinic visits has not been systematically studied. In this paper, we compare different methods for applying MMRM to trials wherein data is available at protocol‐specified timepoints, as well as nonprotocol‐specified timepoints due to patient early discontinuation. The methods under consideration included observed case MMRM, per protocol visits MMRM, interval last observation carried forward (LOCF) MMRM, and a hybrid of the per protocol visits and interval LOCF MMRM approaches. Simulation results reveal that the method that best controls the type I error rate is the per protocol visits method. This method is also associated with the least precision among the competing methods. Thus, in confirmatory clinical trials wherein control of type I error rates is critical, per protocol visits MMRM is recommended. However, in exploratory trials where strict type I error control is not as critical, one may prefer interval LOCF MMRM due to its increased precision. Points to consider with respect to both study design (e.g., assigning schedule of events) and subsequent analysis are offered. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Augmented reality to the rescue of the minimally invasive surgeon. The usefulness of the interposition of stereoscopic images in the Da Vinci™ robotic console
Authors: Volonté Francesco , Buchs Nicolas C. , Pugin François , Spaltenstein Joël , Schiltz Boris , Jung Minoa , Hagen Monika , Ratib Osman , Morel Philippe
Published: December 2012

Background

Computerized management of medical information and 3D imaging has become the norm in everyday medical practice. Surgeons exploit these emerging technologies and bring information previously confined to the radiology rooms into the operating theatre. The paper reports the authors’ experience with integrated stereoscopic 3D‐rendered images in the da Vinci surgeon console.

Methods

Volume‐rendered images were obtained from a standard computed tomography dataset using the OsiriX DICOM workstation. A custom OsiriX plugin was created that permitted the 3D‐rendered images to be displayed in the da Vinci surgeon console and to appear stereoscopic.

These rendered images were displayed in the robotic console using the TilePro multi‐input display. The upper part of the screen shows the real endoscopic surgical field and the bottom shows the stereoscopic 3D‐rendered images. These are controlled by a 3D joystick installed on the console, and are updated in real time.

Results

Five patients underwent a robotic augmented reality‐enhanced procedure.

The surgeon was able to switch between the classical endoscopic view and a combined virtual view during the procedure. Subjectively, the addition of the rendered images was considered to be an undeniable help during the dissection phase.

Conclusion

With the rapid evolution of robotics, computer‐aided surgery is receiving increasing interest. This paper details the authors’ experience with 3D‐rendered images projected inside the surgical console. The use of this intra‐operative mixed reality technology is considered very useful by the surgeon. It has been shown that the usefulness of this technique is a step toward computer‐aided surgery that will progress very quickly over the next few years. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Robust nonlinear stability and performance analysis of an F/A‐18 aircraft model using sum of squares programming
Authors: Anderson James , Papachristodoulou Antonis
Published: December 2012

In this paper, we develop algorithms for the computational analysis of stability and robust performance properties of nonlinear models governed by polynomial differential equations in quasi‐Linear Parameter Varying form subject to parametric uncertainty. The methods presented use the sum of squares decomposition and ideas from real algebraic geometry to represent polynomial non‐negativity over closed sets to compute various system properties such as gain, regions of attraction, reachable sets and nonlinear Hankel norm approximations. The methods we present are then illustrated on a nonlinear model of an F/A‐18 aircraft short‐period dynamics subject to uncertainty in the aerodynamic coefficients. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of interconnected dynamical systems by online convex optimization
Authors: Hermans R.M. , Lazar M. , Jokić A.
Published: December 2012

The problem of stabilizing networks of interconnected dynamical systems (NDS) in a scalable fashion is considered. As the first contribution, a generalized lemma and example network are provided to demonstrate that state‐of‐the‐art, tractable dissipation‐based NDS stabilization methods can fail even for simple unconstrained, linear, and time‐invariant dynamics. Then, a solution to this issue is proposed, in which controller synthesis is decentralized via a set of parameterized storage functions. The corresponding stability conditions allow for max‐type construction of a trajectory‐specific Lyapunov function for the full closed‐loop network, whereas neither of the local storage functions is required to be monotonically converging. The provided approach is indicated to be nonconservative in the sense that it can generate converging closed‐loop trajectories for the motivating example network and a prescribed set of initial conditions. For input‐affine NDS and quadratic parameterized storage functions, the synthesis scheme can be formulated as a set of low‐complexity semidefinite programs that are solved online, in a receding horizon fashion. Moreover, for linear and time‐invariant networks, an even simpler, explicit control scheme is derived by interpolating a collection of a priori generated converging state and control trajectories in a distributed fashion. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A group sequential Holm procedure with multiple primary endpoints
Authors: Ye Yining , Li Ai , Liu Lingyun , Yao Bin
Published: December 2012

We propose a group sequential Holm procedure when there are multiple primary endpoints. This method addresses multiplicities arising from multiple primary endpoints and from multiple analyses in a group sequential design. It has been shown to be a closed testing procedure and preserves the familywise error rate in the strong sense. When multiple endpoints are the only concern without an interim analysis, the method simplifies to the weighted Holm procedure. The proposed method is more powerful than the parallel group sequential method and avoids the need to anticipate the testing order as in the fixed sequence testing scheme. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transmission planning for wind energy in the United States and Europe: status and prospects
Authors: Smith J. Charles , Osborn Dale , Zavadil Robert , Lasher Warren , Gómez‐Lázaro Emilio , Estanqueiro Ana , Trotscher Thomas , Tande John , Korpås Magnus , Van Hulle Frans , Holttinen Hannele , Orths Antje , Burke Daniel , O'Malley Mark , Dobschinski Jan , Rawn Barry , Gibescu Madeline , Dale Lewis
Published: December 2012

This paper provides an overview of major transmission planning activities related to wind integration studies in the United States and Europe. Transmission planning for energy resources is different from planning for capacity resources. Those differences are explained, and illustrated with examples from several regions of the United States and Europe. Transmission planning for wind is becoming an iterative process consisting of generation expansion planning, economic‐based transmission planning, system reliability analysis, and wind integration studies. A brief look at the policy environment in which this activity is taking place is provided. A set of coherent and collaborative transmission planning, siting, and permitting policies and cost allocation method must be developed to achieve the intended objectives. The scale of transmission development envisioned for this purpose will require unprecedented cooperation across multiple jurisdictional boundaries.

This article is categorized under:

Wind Power > Systems and Infrastructure

Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure

Energy Systems Economics > Systems and Infrastructure
Data mining in education
Authors: Romero Cristobal , Ventura Sebastian
Published: December 2012

Applying data mining (DM) in education is an emerging interdisciplinary research field also known as educational data mining (EDM). It is concerned with developing methods for exploring the unique types of data that come from educational environments. Its goal is to better understand how students learn and identify the settings in which they learn to improve educational outcomes and to gain insights into and explain educational phenomena. Educational information systems can store a huge amount of potential data from multiple sources coming in different formats and at different granularity levels. Each particular educational problem has a specific objective with special characteristics that require a different treatment of the mining problem. The issues mean that traditional DM techniques cannot be applied directly to these types of data and problems. As a consequence, the knowledge discovery process has to be adapted and some specific DM techniques are needed. This paper introduces and reviews key milestones and the current state of affairs in the field of EDM, together with specific applications, tools, and future insights. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This article is categorized under:

Application Areas > Business and Industry
Syntheses, Structures and Properties of Lanthanide Organic Frameworks incorporating 1H‐benzimidazole‐2‐carboxylic Acid
Authors: Yang Yang , Qiao Cheng‐Fang , Wei Qing , Xia Zheng‐Qiang , Chen San‐Ping , Zhang Guo‐Chun , Zhou Chun‐Sheng , Gao Sheng‐Li
Published: December 2012

A family of new lanthanide compounds [Ln(HBIC)3]n [Ln = Ce (1), Dy (2), Er (3); H2BIC = 1H‐benzimidazole‐2‐carboxylic acid] was obtained under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, X‐ray single crystal diffraction, thermal and luminescent analyses. X‐ray single crystal diffraction shows that compounds 1–3 are isotypic and exhibit 2D networks constructed by bridging‐chelating HBIC– linkers and lanthanide ion nodes, in which each central lanthanide atom is surrounded by five flexible HBIC– ligands with two kinds of new coordination modes, yielding a distorted two‐capped triangle prism arrangement. Moreover, the thermal and photoluminescence properties of 1–3 were also investigated.
B=N Bonds and BCN Rings – Reactivity and Charge Density Studies
Authors: Winkelhaus Daniel , Vishnevskiy Yuri V. , Berger Raphael J. F. , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Neumann Beate , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: December 2012

(F5C6)2BNMe2(1) was prepared and (F3C)2BNMe2(2) was resynthesized. The crystal structures of both compounds were determined. In contrast to2, compound1does not react with diazomethanes under carbine insertion into the BN bond. In this way the known (F3C)2BCH(SiMe3)NMe2(3) was resynthesized from2and its solid‐state structure was determined. The electron densities of compounds1,2, and3and those of the simpler model compound (F3C)2BCH2NMe2(4) as well as that of the BN/CC isoelectronic compound (F3C)2CCH2CMe2(5) for comparison were calculated and their topologies analysed in terms of the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM). Despite2has a shorter B–N bond in calculations and in the crystal than1, the atomic charges and electron density parameters to QTAIM are very similar for both compounds and cannot explain the different reactivity. The three‐membered rings3and4do not show bond‐critical points for their B–N bonds. The nature of the B–N bond region was also analysed in terms of the source function contributions in QTAIM, which demonstrated the importance of the close proximity of a third atom in three‐membered rings for the charge density topologies in such systems.
Detection of human papillomavirus genotypes associated with mucopurulent cervicitis and cervical cancer in Changchun, China
Authors: Liu Wei , Wu En‐Qi , Yu Xiang‐Hui , Feng Li‐Hua , Jiang Chun‐Lai , Zha Xiao , Kong Wei
Published: December 2012

Objective

To determine the prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among Chinese patients with mucopurulent cervicitis (MPC) or cervical cancer (CC).

Methods

In total, 191 cases of CC (n = 66), acute MPC (n = 84), and healthy cervix controls (n = 41) were initially included; samples were collected between May 21, 2008, and October 9, 2011. Cervical specimens were screened for HPV using a nested polymerase chain reaction assay and DNA sequencing.

Results

Overall prevalence of HPV infection was 20.0% in the control group, 53.3% in the MPC group, and 93.8% in the CC group. The predominant genotype detected in all 3 groups was the oncogenic variant HPV 16 (87.7%, 18.7%, and 10.0% in the CC, MPC and control specimens, respectively). The second most frequent genotype among patients with MPC was HPV 58. This variant is also oncogenic and was detected at a higher rate in the MPC group (9.3%) than in the control (2.5%) and CC (1.5%) groups.

Conclusion

Infection with HPV was prevalent among Chinese women with MPC or CC. Furthermore, the high prevalence of oncogenic genotypes observed among HPV‐positive patients with MPC suggests that this group is at increased risk of developing CC.
Ten Years of Search and Rescue in Yosemite National Park: Examining the Past for Future Prevention
Authors: Boore Stacy M. , Bock Dov
Published: December 2012

Objective

To identify trends in demographics of search and rescue incidents in Yosemite National Park and to ascertain patient opinions regarding incident prevention.

Methods

Retrospective data on backcountry incidents from Yosemite Search and Rescue Patient Care Reports from 2000 to 2009 was examined, and a statistical description of data was completed to determine patient demographics. Patients assisted in the backcountry from 2007 to 2009 were surveyed, and a statistical description of data elicited factors that contributed to the incident.

Results

Yosemite Search and Rescue received 1088 backcountry medical calls in 10 years. Of these calls, 55% of patients were male, 46% of incidents occurred while hiking on a trail, and extremity pain was the chief complaint in 53% of cases. The gender of patients was found to be associated with the activity causing the incident. Patient surveys reported that 79% of incidents occurred on clear days, 13% of patients felt that better gear would have helped prevent the incident, and 14.4% of patients felt they were underprepared. Fifty-four percent of patients reported that they were experts at the activity they were participating in. Appropriate footwear and sufficient water were suggested by most patients as items that would have prevented or minimized the incident.

Conclusions

Many patients reported that they were experienced, well-prepared, and physically fit at the time of the incident. An educational effort regarding appropriate gear, trail conditions, and patient demographics may help decrease injury and illness in the Yosemite backcountry in the future.
EVIDENCE AND INTUITION
Authors: Cath Yuri
Published: December 2012

Many philosophers accept a view – what I will call the intuition picture – according to which intuitions are crucial evidence in philosophy. Recently, Williamson (2004, 2007: ch. 1) has argued that such views are best abandoned because they lead to a psychologistic conception of philosophical evidence that encourages scepticism about the armchair judgements relied upon in philosophy. In this paper I respond to this criticism by showing how the intuition picture can be formulated in such a way that: (i) it is consistent with a wide range of views about not only philosophical evidence but also the nature of evidence in general, including Williamson's famous view that E = K; (ii) it can maintain the central claims about the nature and role of intuitions in philosophy made by proponents of the intuition picture; (iii) it does not collapse into Williamson's own deflationary view of the nature and role of intuitions in philosophy; and (iv) it does not lead to scepticism.
EDITORIAL
Authors: Cross Donna
Published: December 2012

This special issue has as its focus the promotion of mental health and wellbeing in children and adolescents. It is also noteworthy that all lead authors are early career researchers.
Internalising Symptoms: An Antecedent or Precedent in Adolescent Peer Victimisation
Authors: Lester Leanne , Dooley Julian , Cross Donna , Shaw Thérèse
Published: December 2012

The transition period from primary to secondary school is a critical time in adolescent development. The high prevalence of adolescent mental health problems makes understanding the causal pathways between peer victimisation and internalising symptoms an important priority during this time. This article utilises data collected from self-completion questionnaires four times over 3 years from 3,459 students’ aged 11–14 to examine directional relationships among adolescents as they transition from primary to secondary school, and investigates gender differences in these associations. The findings suggest depression in males is both a precedent and antecedent for victimisation over the transition period, whereas for females depression is an antecedent only. Anxiety is a both a precedent and antecedent for victimisation for males and females. To maintain emotional wellbeing and prevent peer victimisation, interventions prior to and during this transition period are critical, especially among adolescents experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety.
A Cyberbullying Intervention With Primary-Aged Students
Authors: Toshack Troy , Colmar Susan
Published: December 2012

A small-scale evaluation of a psycho-educational program on cyberbullying with a group of Year 6 girls was implemented over six sessions, and was subsequently evaluated. Its content included knowledge of cyberbullying and its effects, and management and safety strategies for the participants and their peers. Increases in the girls’ detailed knowledge of cyberbullying and safety strategies followed the program's implementation. Students provided positive evaluations of the program and also suggested some good ideas for a schoolwide policy on cyberbullying. To date there has been minimal intervention research on cyberbullying, and few studies with primary-aged students. The present study redresses this imbalance.
The effect of albumen removal before incubation (embryonic protein under-nutrition) on the post-hatch performance, regulators of protein translation activation and proteolysis in neonatal broilers
Authors: Everaert Nadia , Métayer-Coustard Sonia , Willemsen Hilke , Han Haitang , Song Zhigang , Ansari Zarbakht , Decuypere Eddy , Buyse Johan , Tesseraud Sophie
Published: December 2012

Albumen was removed from broiler eggs before the start of incubation to induce prenatal protein under-nutrition in chicken embryos. With this method, the direct effect of protein deficiency was investigated, differing from mammalian models manipulating the maternal diet where indirect, hormonal effects can interfere. Based on the estimated albumen/egg weight ratio, 10 % of albumen was removed with an 18G needle, after making a hole at the sharp end of the egg with another 18G needle. Eggs were taped thereafter. The sham group underwent the same procedure, except that no albumen was removed. Control eggs did not receive any treatment. The removal of albumen decreased both embryonic and post-hatch body weight up to day 7 compared with the control group. On embryonic day 18, embryos from the albumen-deprived group had higher plasma uric acid levels compared with the sham (P= 0·016) and control (P= 0·009) groups. Moreover, a lower plasma amino acid concentration was observed at hatch compared with the sham (P= 0·038) and control (P= 0·152) groups. These findings indicate an altered protein metabolism. At hatch, a higher mRNA expression of muscle ring finger-1 (MuRF1), a gene related to proteolysis, was observed in albumen-deprived chicks compared with the control and sham chicks, together with an up-regulated expression of atrogin-1 (another atrogene) at this time point in the male protein-deficient chicks. These findings suggest that muscle proteolysis is transiently increased by the removal of albumen before the start of incubation. No evidence was found for altered protein synthesis capacity and translational efficiency in albumen-deprived chicks.
The Effect of Wage Payment Reform on Workers’ Labor Supply, Wages, and Welfare
Authors: Redmount Esther , Snow Arthur , Warren Ronald S.
Published: December 2012

We examine the economic consequences of an 1886 reform in Massachusetts that mandated the weekly payment of wages. We derive conditions on key elasticities of labor supply that determine the qualitative effects of the reform on workers’ effective wages and utility. We match census and administrative data on workers in a Lowell textile mill for a period encompassing the switch from monthly to weekly payment. Empirical estimates of a labor supply equation imply that the reform increased workers’ effective wage rates and welfare. The reform also decreased the mill workers’ average wage, as predicted by the theory of compensating differentials.
Performance as (re)incarnation: The Sdech Kân narrative
Authors: Norén-Nilsson Astrid
Published: December 2012

A narrative sponsored by Cambodian Prime Minister Hun Sen posits the prime minister as the reincarnation of sixteenth-century king Sdech Kân, a commoner who toppled the king at the time and ascended the throne. Whilst reincarnation narratives have wider Southeast Asian resonances, the reinvention of Sdech Kân is central to the redrawing of boundaries of power between a politically weakened monarchy and the Cambodian People's Party-led government. This article traces the meanings of reincarnating Sdech Kân in the contemporary Cambodian context, and what consequences this has for contemporary bids for political legitimacy.
Narratives of Buddhist legislation: Textual authority and legal heterodoxy in seventeenth through nineteenth-century Burma
Authors: Lammerts D. Christian
Published: December 2012

For more than a century scholars of central and western mainland Southeast Asia have sought to characterise the status ofdhammasattha— the predominant genre of written law from the region before colonialism — and define its authority vis-à-vis Pali Buddhism. For some,dhammasatthatexts represent a predominantly ‘secular’ or ‘customary’ tradition, while for others they are seen as largely commensurate with, if not directly derived from, the religio-political ideas of a cosmopolitan and purportedly canonical ‘Theravāda’. However, scholarship has yet to investigate the way that regional authors during the late premodern period themselves understood the character and legitimacy of written law. The present article examines seventeenth through nineteenth-century Burmese narratives concerning the genealogy and status ofdhammasatthato advance a pluralist conception of the relationship between law and religion in Southeast Asian history. This analysis addresses a historical context where ideas concerning Buddhist textual authority were in the process of development, and where there were multiple and competing discourses of legal ideology in play. For elite monastic critics closely connected with royalty,dhammasatthastood in problematic relation to authoritative taxonomies of scripture, and its jurisprudence was seen to contradict authorised accounts of the origin and nature of Buddhist law; the genre thus required reform to be brought into alignment with what were construed as orthodox legal imaginaries. The principal hermeneutic move these monastic commentators performed to achieve this involved redescribingdhammasatthain light of such accounts as a variety of Buddhist royal legislation and written law as the prerogative of the Buddhist state.
New voices from Southeast Asian women: A review essay
Authors: Andaya Barbara Watson
Published: December 2012

Historians may have come late to the study of women and gender in Southeast Asia, but when these three books are placed along a historiographical spectrum one can only be impressed at how far the field has moved in approach and methodology. Exploiting previously untapped sources that emanate from very different sites — a Dutch East India Company courtroom, the women's quarters of a Malay palace, the privacy of a Javanese home — the authors open up new avenues by which to explore the complexity of Southeast Asia's gender history. Though the contexts are very different, the movement through time (Wives,slaves and concubinesis set in the late eighteenth century,Victorious wivesin the nineteenth, andRealizing the dreamin the twentieth) provides an opportunity to gauge shifts in representations of ‘femaleness’, attitudes towards gender roles, and women's responses to change.
Incongruity, Humor, and Mark: Performance and the Use of Laughter in the Second Gospel (Mark 8.14–21)
Authors: Iverson Kelly R.
Published: December 2012

Relatively little scholarly work has attempted to change the perception that the Bible is a non-humorous book. Drawing upon contemporary humor theory, this article explores how Mark's third sea crossing (8.14–21) is intended to evoke a humorous response. Although laughter emerges from the comedic depiction of the Twelve, humor complements the evangelist's broader theological agenda. In Mark, humor is a natural byproduct of performance and is a powerful means of communicating a central theme of the Gospel.
‘That There May Be Equality’: The Contexts and Consequences of a Pauline Ideal
Authors: Welborn L. L.
Published: December 2012

The purpose of this essay is to illuminate the character of Paul's appropriation of the ideal of ‘equality’ (ἰσότηϛ) in 2 Cor 8.13–15 by exploring the meaning of the term in each of the contexts in the Greek world in which thinking about ‘equality’ developed: friendship, politics, and the cosmos. The essay traces a consistent tendency in Paul to reverse the ancient logic of inverse proportion as the means for achieving ‘equality’. The essay highlights the novelty of Paul's attempt to create an economic structure—partnership in the collection—the goal of which was to achieve ‘equality’ between persons of different social classes through redistributive exchange.
Himma on the Free-Will Argument: a critical response
Authors: KRAAL ANDERS
Published: December 2012

In two recent articles in this journal Kenneth Himma has launched an attack on what he describes as the ‘two versions’ of the Free-Will Argument, the first of which he describes as ‘the standard’ version and the second of which he identifies with Plantinga's Free-Will Defence in God, Freedom, and Evil (1974). In this article I argue for three main claims: (i) that Himma's objections against ‘the standard’ Free-Will Argument are directed at a straw man; (ii) that Himma's critique of Plantinga's Free-Will Defence is based on a misunderstanding; and (iii) that Himma's critique nevertheless is relevant to Plantinga's relatively neglected ‘Quantitative Free-Will Defence’ (also found in Plantinga's God, Freedom, and Evil), but fails to undermine this further defence due to its reliance on the unjustified assumption that the afterlife is irrelevant to the problem of evil.
‘Inappropriate’ sexual behaviours in dementia
Authors: Ward Rosalind F , Manchip Simon
Published: December 2012

Human sexuality is a complex interaction of biological, social and emotional factors. When any or all of these factors are disrupted by a progressive dementia it is unsurprising that sexual ‘problems’ are identified. Most sexual behaviour ‘problems’ relate to expressions of normal sexuality complicated by changes in relationships, care needs and cognitive function, and complex ethical and legal considerations emerge. Rarely, new and severe hypersexual or paraphilic behaviours arise de novo, usually due to damage to certain brain areas, and sometimes due to medication side-effects, psychiatric disorder or delirium. Evidence and approaches to assess and to manage sexual behaviour problems in dementia are discussed.
Breakthrough at Stalingrad: The Repressed Soviet Origins of a Bestselling West German War Tale
Authors: HELLBECK JOCHEN
Published: December 2012

The article delves into the concealed origins of Heinrich Gerlach's 1957 Stalingrad novel. A German veteran and former Soviet POW, Gerlach claimed to have recovered the memory of his wartime experience through hypnosis, after the original script, which he wrote in captivity, was confiscated by Soviet authorities. The author discovered this manuscript, believed lost, in Russian archives. It reveals how Soviet political re-education efforts prompted Gerlach to compose a memoir revolving around questions of personal complicity and guilt in German wartime crimes. Gerlach removed these soul-searching passages, as well as any reference to the Soviet origins of his memoir, from the published novel, which he presented as a self-generated inquiry into the tragedy of German soldiers abandoned by Hitler.
Fascism as a Transnational Movement: The Case of Inter-War Alsace
Authors: GOODFELLOW SAMUEL HUSTON
Published: December 2012

The idea of fascism spread quickly and transnationally in the inter-war era. Fascist groups identified themselves as sharing fundamental characteristics and ideas. At the same time, they distorted fascism for their own purposes, adapting it to their specific contexts. As a border region, Alsace provides a number of examples of fascist groups claiming solidarity with fascism, yet distinguishing themselves from each other. Looking at fascism as a transnational phenomenon provides insight into the evolution of fascist ideology and will help explain why it is so difficult to define.
Changes in Naming and Semantic Abilities With Aging From 50 to 90 years
Authors: Verhaegen Clémence , Poncelet Martine
Published: December 2012

The aim of this study was to determine whether naming difficulties arise in individuals as young as their 50s. Participants of 25–35, 50–59, 60–69, and above 70 years of age were given a picture naming task. To uncover subtle naming difficulties, latencies were analyzed in addition to accuracy. To control whether the expected slower naming latencies could be due to a general slowing affecting all cognitive tasks, participants were also given an odd/even judgment task to assess cognitive processing speed. The results confirmed that participants in their 50s presented decline in naming performance, reflected by an increase in naming latencies, whereas adults in their 60s and their 70s showed both a decrease in accuracy and an increase in latency. Moreover, the increase in naming latencies remained significant even after controlling for odd/even judgment latencies, suggesting a degradation specific to the picture naming task. We assumed that these slower latencies may result from a language-specific impairment. As a further test for language-specific degradation, participants’ semantic capacities were also assessed with a synonym judgment task and the Pyramids and Palm Trees test. The above-70 group showed semantic degradation. The contributions of multiple factors to naming difficulties in aging are discussed. (JINS, 2013,19, 1–8)
INVENTORIES, FLUCTUATIONS, AND GOODS SECTOR CYCLES
Authors: Maccini Louis J. , Pagan Adrian
Published: December 2012

The paper looks at the role of inventories in U.S. cycles and fluctuations. It concentrates on the goods-producing sector and constructs a model that features both input and output inventories. A range of shocks are present in the model, including sales, technology, and inventory cost shocks. It is found that the presence of inventories does not change the average goods sector–cycle characteristics in the United States very much. The model is also used to examine whether new techniques for inventory control might have been an important factor contributing to the decline in the volatility of U.S. GDP growth. It is found that these would have had little impact upon the level of volatility.
A cluster-randomised controlled trial of a school-based fruit and vegetable intervention: Project Tomato
Authors: Evans Charlotte EL , Ransley Joan K , Christian Meaghan S , Greenwood Darren C , Thomas James D , Cade Janet E
Published: December 2012

Objective

The present study aimed to determine whether a multi-component school-based intervention can maintain children's fruit and vegetable intake post eligibility for free school fruit and vegetables.

Design

A random sample of fifty-four English primary schools was randomised to receive the 10-month intervention Project Tomato, a multi-component theory-based intervention, or the control. Each group consisted of twenty-seven schools.

Setting

Children's intake of fruit and vegetables is below recommendations. The English School Fruit and Vegetable Scheme has a short-term impact on intake while children are eligible for the scheme.

Subjects

Dietary measurements were collected from 658 Year 2 pupils aged 7–8 years at baseline and at follow-up 20 months later.

Results

Following an intention to treat analysis, the intervention as delivered compared with the control had no impact on the intake of fruit and vegetables (2 g/d, 95 % CI −23, 26 g/d) or on the number of portions of fruit (0·0 portions, 95 % CI −0·3, 0·3) or vegetables (0·0 portions, 95 % CI −0·2, 0·3) consumed daily by children. Intake of fruit and vegetables at school and home dropped by ∼100 g/d and 50 g/d, respectively, between baseline and follow-up in both the intervention and control groups.

Conclusions

Implementation of the intervention was low, with associated lack of impact on fruit and vegetable consumption in children. Alternatives to the delivery of an intervention by teachers and parents are needed to improve the dietary intake of primary-school children.
Gene × environment interactions in the prediction of response to antidepressant treatment
Authors: Klengel Torsten , Binder Elisabeth B.
Published: December 2012

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is responsible for an increasing individual and global health burden. Extensive research on the genetic disposition to develop MDD and to predict the response to antidepressant treatment has yet failed to identify strong genetic effects. The concept of gene × environment interaction takes into account that environmental factors have been identified as important components in the development of MDD and combines both, genetic predisposition and environmental exposure, to elucidate complex traits such as MDD. Here, we review the current research on gene × environment interactions with regard to the development of MDD as well as response to antidepressant treatment. We hypothesize that gene × environment interactions delineate specific biological subtypes of depression and that individuals with such pathophysiological distinct types of depression will likely respond to different treatments. The elucidation of gene × environment interactions may thus not only help to understand the pathophysiology of MDD but could also provide markers for a personalized antidepressant therapy.
Soil gas radon emissions and volcanic activity at El Hierro (Canary Islands): The 2011‐2012 submarine eruption
Authors: Padilla Germán D. , Hernández Pedro A. , Padrón Eleazar , Barrancos José , Pérez Nemesio M. , Melián Gladys , Nolasco Dácil , Dionis Samara , Rodríguez Fátima , Calvo David , Hernández Iñigo
Published: December 2012

Soil gas Radon ( 222Rn) and Thoron ( 220Rn) activities have been continuously measured during the period of the recent volcanic unrest that occurred at El Hierro, Canary Islands, at two different monitoring stations, namely HIE02 and HIE03. Significant increases in soil 222Rn activity and 222Rn/220Rn ratio from the soil were observed at both stations prior to the 2011‐2012 submarine eruption off the coast of El Hierro, showing the highest increases before the eruption onset and before the occurrence of the strongest seismic event (M = 4.6). Statistical analysis showed that the long‐term temporal trend of filtered radon data matched closely that of seismic energy release during the volcanic unrest. The observed increases of 222Rn are related to the rock fracturing processes (seismic activity) and the magmatic CO2 outflow increase, as observed in HIE03 station.
Mesoscale flow variability and its impact on connectivity for the island of Hawai`i
Authors: Vaz A. C. , Richards K. J. , Jia Y. , Paris C. B.
Published: December 2012

Understanding population connectivity is a contemporary challenge in marine ecology. Connectivity results from a combination of biological traits and physical mechanisms, at different life stages. We focus on the transport of particles around an oceanic island, simulating transport at early life stages of marine organisms. We aim to investigate through case studies how mesoscale features influence particle transport, recruitment, and connectivity. We determine particle dispersion by using an individual‐based model and the flow fields derived from a regional implementation of an ocean circulation model. To understand the underlying physical processes of transport, we locate coherent structures in the flow field, identify recurrent physical features, and observe how particle transport is related to them. Our results show that the varying eddying flow increases connectivity among populations located on different sides of the island. Both the flow field and dispersal patterns are highly variable. In this scenario, eddy events influence transport in distinct ways, and the timing of release plays an important role in dispersal. Our results highlight the need for modeling studies to use hydrodynamical model flows that represent the scales of variability affecting transport and dispersion.