bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterizing the Global Crowd Workforce: A Cross-Country Comparison of Crowdworker Demographics
Authors: Posch Lisa , Bleier Arnim , Flöck Fabian , Strohmaier Markus
Published: August 2022

Since its emergence roughly a decade ago, micro-task crowdsourcing has been attracting a heterogeneous set of workers from all over the globe. This paper sets out to explore the characteristics of the international crowd workforce to date and offers a cross-national comparison of crowdworker populations from ten hand-selected countries. We provide an analysis and comparison of demographic characteristics and shed light on the significance of micro-task income for workers situated in different national contexts. With over 11,000 individual responses, this study is the first large-scale country-level analysis of the characteristics of workers on the platform Figure Eight (formerly CrowdFlower), one of the two platforms dominating the micro-task market. We find large differences between the characteristics of the crowd workforces of different countries, both regarding demography and regarding the importance of micro-task income for workers. Furthermore, we find that the composition of the workforce in the ten countries was largely stable across samples taken at different points in time.
Possibilities to form a modern reserve of supporting of a frequency in integrated power systems based on storage batteries for automatic adjustment of frequency and power
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Zgurovets O.V. , Kulyk М.M. ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: August 2022

The paper considers the question creation of an effective system of adjustment of frequency and power using modern energy storage systems based on high-capacity accumulator batteries. Within the framework of the research, different types of frequency and power regulators were considered. The authors proposed an approach to the implementation of the adjustment system with the help of battery energy storage. There were performed comparative calculations of different adjustment systems and was demonstrated the advantage of the suggested approach. The research was performed by numerical simulation of the automatic system of adjustment of frequency and power with emergency imbalance. The efficiency of regulation was determined by the analysis of accepted indicators of regulation quality, namely, the maximum frequency deviation and the duration of the transient process. It was found that the use of the high-speed battery energy storage units in the automatic adjustment system of frequency and power demonstrates the best indicators of frequency stabilization, which satisfy the normative requirements established in the power system. The conducted analysis of the energy and economic indicators has shown the absolute advantage of using battery energy storage systems in both technological and economical terms over other variants of regulators. Keywords: frequency, regulation, power, speed, power system, battery energy storage systems
The prediction of energy consumption for the sector of general government in the Ukrainian economy until 2040
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Maistrenko N.Yu.
Published: August 2022

The article clarifies the normative method of forecasting the demand for energy resources at different hierarchical levels of economic construction by including an improved three-level method of calculating forecast levels of energy consumption taking into account regional specifics by the types of economic activity with the current division of the country’s economy. The methodic takes into account both the overall energy saving potential in the country as a whole, at the level of economic sectors, at the level of individual industries (services) and its features at the regional level (region, city, village, town, territorial community) in certain (selected) in the provision of services (production). The volumes of perspective structural (intersectional and intrasectional) and technological electric saving in Ukraine and the region of Kyiv region according to the scenarios of economic development and main consumers are analyzed. The study has been conducted according to a conservative scenario as part of the overall forecast of energy consumption in Ukraine. As a result, the forecast of electricity consumption in the economy of Ukraine for the period up to 2040 for the general government sector and others is presented. This sector is included in the Other Foreign Economic Activities sector and at the same time consists of sections: Public Administration and Defense; compulsory social insurance; Education; Health care and providing social assistance, etc. The rest part of the economy was taken into account in the industrial sector. Consumption of population in a general way is determined by the specific costs per capita in the base year and the forecast of its number for the study period at the level of the country and region. To clarify it, the technological potential of energy saving is determined. In the example of the Kyiv region, calculations of electricity consumption levels at the macro and meso levels for the region were performed. Keywords: demand, structure of the economy, energy saving potential, electricity capacity, gross electricity consumption
Analysis of the characteristics of а cumulant system for liquid leakage detection in pipelines
Authors:   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine, Krasylnikov Oleg , Beregun Viktor ,   National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute", pr. Peremohy, 37, Kyiv, 03056, Ukraine, Polobiuk Tetiana ,   Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 172 Antonovycha str., Kyiv, 03150, Ukraine
Published: August 2022

Acoustic noise signals that are generated by fluid leakage due to a leak in the pipeline have in general case non-Gaussian distribution, so for the further development of acoustic contact leak detection together with correlation-spectral methods it is advisable to use methods used for probabilistic analysis of non-Gaussian processes, in particular cumulant methods of noise diagnostics. The principle of cumulant method of liquid leakage detection in pipelines during operation is considered, which is based on the use of cumulants to distinguish acoustic noise signals registered at the control points of the pipeline section, namely on use of the distance between the cumulant vectors of signals and the mutual correlation function of signals. The block diagram of the cumulant system for liquid leakage detection is given. In order to use the cumulant leakage detection system for power plant diagnosis, a layout of the acoustic leak detection system has been developed, which is a hardware-software complex that performs the collection, registration and statistical processing of acoustic noise signals, as a result of which a decision is made on the presence or absence of leakage, the parameters of the hardware part of the system were given. To obtain estimates of the statistical characteristics of real leakage signals, an installation was used that allows to perform physical modeling of fluid leakage in a pipeline in standing water under sustainable conditions, with fixed leak dimensions and pressure level control. Acoustic noise generated by the flow of fluid moving in the heat pipeline is used as interference. Using the statistical characteristics of real signals, the characteristics of the cumulant leakage detection system were determined – leakage signal attenuation; the maximum distance between the transducers at which the leakage is detected; detector sensitivity; the influence of bandpass filtering on these characteristics is investigated. Keywords: acoustic contact leak detection, liquid leakage detector, acoustic noise signals, cumulant analysis
Mother’s Own Milk Compared With Formula Milk for Feeding Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Strobel Natalie A. , Adams Claire , McAullay Daniel R. , Edmond Karen M.
Published: August 2022

OBJECTIVES

We assessed the effect of feeding preterm or low birth weight infants with infant formula compared with mother’s own milk on mortality, morbidity, growth, neurodevelopment, and disability.

METHODS

We searched Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Studies to October 1, 2021.

RESULTS

Forty-two studies enrolling 89 638 infants fulfilled the inclusion criteria. We did not find evidence of an effect on mortality (odds ratio [OR] 1.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91–1.76), infection (OR 1.52, 95% CI 0.98–2.37), cognitive neurodevelopment (standardized mean difference −1.30, 95% CI −3.53 to 0.93), or on growth parameters. Formula milk feeding increased the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.75–5.11). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation certainty of evidence was low for mortality and necrotizing enterocolitis, and very low for neurodevelopment and growth outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

In preterm and low birth weight infants, low to very low-certainty evidence indicates that feeding with infant formula compared with mother’s own milk has little effect on all-cause mortality, infection, growth, or neurodevelopment, and a higher risk of developing necrotizing enterocolitis.
Responsive Feeding for Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Talej Megan , Smith Emily R. , Lauria Molly E. , Chitale Ramaa , Ferguson Kacey , He Siran
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Responsive feeding may improve health outcomes in preterm and low birth weight (LBW) infants. Our objective was to assess effects of responsive compared with scheduled feeding in preterm and LBW infants.

METHODS

Data sources include PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, LILACS, and MEDICUS. Randomized trials were screened. Primary outcomes were mortality, morbidity, growth, neurodevelopment. Secondary outcomes were feed intolerance and duration of hospitalization. Data were extracted and pooled with random-effects models.

RESULTS

Eleven eligible studies were identified, and data from 8 randomized control trials with 455 participants were pooled in the meta-analyses. At discharge, the mean difference in body weight between the intervention (responsive feeding) and comparison (scheduled feeding) was −2.80 g per day (95% CI −3.39 to −2.22, I2 = 0%, low certainty evidence, 4 trials, 213 participants); −0.99 g/kg per day (95% CI −2.45 to 0.46, I2 = 74%, very low certainty evidence, 5 trials, 372 participants); −22.21 g (95% CI −130.63 to 86.21, I2 = 41%, low certainty evidence, 3 trials, 183 participants). The mean difference in duration of hospitalization was −1.42 days (95% CI −5.43 to 2.59, I2 = 88%, very low certainty evidence, 5 trials, 342 participants). There were no trials assessing other growth outcomes (eg, length and head circumference) mortality, morbidity or neurodevelopment. Limitations include a high risk of bias, heterogeneity, and small sample size in included studies.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, responsive feeding may decrease in-hospital weight gain. Although the evidence is very uncertain, responsive feeding may slightly decrease the duration of hospitalization. Evidence was insufficient to understand the effects of responsive compared with scheduled feeding on mortality, morbidity, linear growth, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm and LBW infants.
Duration of Exclusive Breastfeeding for Preterm or Low Birth Weight Infants: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Yang Wen-Chien , Lauria Molly E. , Fogel Alexandra , Ferguson Kacey , Smith Emily R.
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Cessation of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) with early introduction of complementary food provides additional calories for catch-up growth but may also increase the risk of adverse outcomes. The objective of this study was to assess effects of exclusive breastfeeding for less than 6 months compared with 6 months in preterm and low birth weight infants.

METHODS

Data sources include Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Index Medicus through June 30, 2021. Study selection includes randomized trials and observational studies. Primary outcomes were mortality, morbidity, growth, and neurodevelopment. Data were extracted and pooled using random-effects models. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 tool was used to assess the risk of bias of included studies.

RESULTS

A total of 2 studies of 307 preterm or low birth weight infants were included. None of the study results could be pooled. Both studies compared EBF for 4 months to 6 months. Growth was similar between the 4-month and 6-month EBF groups for the following outcomes: weight-for-age z-score at corrected age 12 months (mean [standard deviation], 4-month group: −1.7 [1.1], 6-month group: −1.8 [1.2], 1 study, 188 participants, low certainty evidence), absolute weight gain (gram) from 16 to 26 weeks of age (4-month group: 1004 [366], 6-month group: 1017 [350], 1 study, 119 participants, very low certainty evidence), and linear growth gain (cm) from 16 to 26 weeks of age (4-month group: 4.3 [0.9], 6-month group: 4.5 [1.2], 1 study, 119 participants, very low certainty evidence). There were no apparent differences in reported morbidity symptoms. No difference in the timing to achieve motor development milestones between the 2 groups was found (1 study; 119 participants, very low certainty evidence). A limited number of studies prevented data pooling.

CONCLUSIONS

The evidence is very uncertain about the effect of exclusive breastfeeding for less than 6 months for preterm and low birth weight infants. Further studies are warranted to better answer this question.
Ciencias sociales en contextos de represión: Análisis bibliométrico de la producción histórica de la Corporación de Estudios para Latinoamérica, Chile (1979-1989)
Authors: Cisternas Carla , González-Bustamante Bastián
Published: August 2022

Este artículo presenta un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica de la Corporación de Estudios para Latinoamérica (CIEPLAN), el centro de estudios más importante durante la dictadura y transición democrática en Chile. El análisis se realiza sobre un conjunto de registros bibliográficos (n = 145), referencias (n = 4.055) e información biográfica de los autores, durante 1979-1989. Se analizan tres dimensiones: producción científica y áreas temáticas; colaboración y coautoría; y referencias o consumo de información. Se utiliza estadística descriptiva, modelamiento temático no supervisado y Análisis de Redes Sociales (SNA, por sus siglas en inglés). Los resultados muestran una tendencia constante en la producción científica y temas centrados en tópicos clásicos de la economía asociados con temas de desigualdad y política. Además, los análisis de colaboración y referencias muestran la existencia de una comunidad compuesta por reconocidos académicos y miembros de la élite política chilena centrales en la producción intelectual y en la red de referencias. Estos hallazgos permiten denominar a CIEPLAN como una de las principales comunidades epistémicas durante la recuperación y transición democrática chilena, en específico, durante los primeros gobiernos democráticos dónde varios miembros fueron reclutados para asumir importantes cargos en el ejecutivo. Hasta hoy, estos actores siguen influenciando el proceso de formulación de políticas públicas en Chile.
Análisis bibliométrico de los trabajos finales de graduación con grado en Geografía de la Universidad de Costa Rica, 1966-2021
Authors: Masís Campos Ramón , Vargas Lisbeth Álvarez , Chaves Jonnathan Reyes , Arce Mario Fernández
Published: August 2022

Se realizó un estudio bibliométrico y un análisis detallado de las diversas variables de los proyectos finales de graduación de grado realizados en la carrera de Geografía de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) y un análisis estadístico de las diversas variables de tales trabajos. Esta investigación responde a la necesidad de cuantificar y analizar las distintas aristas de la producción científica del estudiantado de la carrera del mencionado programa, lo que no se había hecho hasta el momento. El fin de la publicación es divulgar los resultados encontrados para visibilizar y demostrar la eficiencia y utilidad de estas investigaciones al programa. De igual manera, y para instar a sus dirigentes y docentes a fortalecer aquellos aspectos aún débiles e impulsar y dirigir esfuerzos hacia temas de actualidad no abordados hasta el momento y que atiendan las necesidades de contexto. La metodología incluyó la revisión documental y la consulta a la base de datos del Sistema de Bibliotecas y Documentación e Información de la Universidad de Costa Rica (SIBDI). De dicha base se extrajeron datos que fueron procesados con las herramientas de Libreoffice y QGIS. El resultado más importante reside en el desarrollo de 141 trabajos finales de graduación realizados en la Escuela de Geografía-UCR desde 1966 hasta el 2021, para un promedio anual de 2.6, los cuales no solo han consistido en un requisito académico, sino que muchos de ellos han sido insumo para la atención de problemas nacionales e internacionales.
Diferencias de mortalidad y sus causas: un estudio comparativo entre las zonas indígenas y no indígenas de Costa Rica
Authors: Fantin Romain , Barboza Solís Cristina
Published: August 2022

Introducción. En la mayoría de los países de los continentes americanos y oceánicos, las personas indígenas tienen peores indicadores de salud que el resto de la población. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar las diferencias de mortalidad y de causas de muerte entre las zonas indígenas y el resto de Costa Rica, en el periodo de 2010 a 2018. Metodología. La población de estudio se conformó a partir del padrón de las elecciones presidenciales de 2010 y las causas de muerte (ICD-10) se extrajeron del registro del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos (INEC); fueron incluidas 2 747 616 personas para 23 985 602 personas-año de seguimiento. Resultados. No se observaron diferencias de mortalidad entre los hombres de ambas poblaciones, en cambio, fue ligeramente superior en las mujeres indígenas. En las zonas indígenas, por un lado, dicho índice fue más alto en quienes tenían menos de 50 años al inicio del seguimiento, en particular, por enfermedades del sistema digestivo y causas externas de morbilidad y mortalidad; por otro, fue inferior en mayores de 70 años y se debió a tumores y enfermedades del sistema circulatorio. Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos niegan la hipótesis de una mortalidad sistemáticamente mayor en las poblaciones que viven en las zonas indígenas.
Análisis de la mortalidad evitable en México durante el periodo 1998-2019
Authors: García Hernández Héctor , Dávila Cervántes Claudio Alberto
Published: August 2022

Antecedentes. El sistema de salud mexicano divide a la población en personas con y sin seguridad social, lo cual deriva en inequidades de salud. El estudio del indicador de la mortalidad evitable entre grupos o territorios mide indirectamente dicha brecha. Objetivo. Analizar la mortalidad evitable entre población mexicana con y sin derechohabiencia a la seguridad social de 1998 a 2019. Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio ecológico, calculando tasas estandarizadas de mortalidad evitable y dos medidas de inequidad según casos con y sin seguridad social, con base en una lista de mortalidad evitable adaptada a México. Resultados. A nivel nacional, la población con seguridad social presenta la mayor mortalidad general, no evitable y evitable. Al revisar cada categoría de mortalidad evitable, las tasas de servicios médicos, diabetes, enfermedades isquémicas y causas residuales están concentradas en los derechohabientes; mientras que, en las de homicidios, síndrome de la inmunodeficiencia humana adquirida y suicidios y lesiones sucede lo contrario. A nivel estatal existe heterogeneidad, pero en 28 de 32 estados las tasas fueron superiores en los derechohabientes. También se refleja en las razones de tasas. Los valores del índice de concentración denotan una escasa inequidad entre los estados. Conclusiones. Los derechohabientes manifestaron una mayor carga de mortalidad. Esto no implica una inequidad respecto a ellos, más bien, se atribuye a la influencia de otras variables (determinantes sociales) y queda evidenciado con el índice de concentración.
COVID-19 en Costa Rica: análisis longitudinal de las tasas de contagio y de fallecimiento desde el enfoque de la desigualdad social
Authors: García Marín Anthony , García Fernández Raúl
Published: August 2022

Introducción: este artículo aborda la relación entre las tasas brutas de contagio y las tasas netas de fallecimiento por la COVID-19 -variables de estudio-, con indicadores socioeconómicos y de la salud –variables de contraste- en cuatro momentos de observación durante el primer año de la sindemia en Costa Rica. Los objetivos del trabajo fueron a) identificar los momentos de observación a partir de la cantidad de casos acumulados por semana epidemiológica; b) establecer la correlación estadística entre las tasas brutas de contagio y las variables de contraste; c) establecer la correlación estadística entre las tasas netas de fallecimientos y las variables de contraste; d) describir el desarrollo de las tasas de contagio y fallecimiento a nivel cantonal; e) caracterizar socioeconómicamente los cantones con valores muy altos en dichas tasas. Metodología: se desarrolló un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo mediante el método estadístico y la aplicación de pruebas de hipótesis de tipo bivariado, a saber, correlaciones Pearson y Spearman. Resultados: los principales resultados indicaron que el contagio está estrechamente vinculado, mayoritariamente, con factores socioeconómicos -densidad poblacional, índice de desarrollo social (IDS), índice de desarrollo humano (IDH) y tasas de delito contra el patrimonio-, mientras que los fallecimientos se asocian a factores biológicos como las tasas de enfermedades -hipertensión y respiratorias-. Conclusiones: se demuestra la relación existente entre la enfermedad y las desigualdades sociales, es decir, cómo estas últimas se reproducen en el campo de la salud.
Tipos y circunstancias de unión conyugal en la violencia física de pareja en Chiapas, México, 2016
Authors: Suárez Muñoz Ana Laura , Nazar Beutelspacher Dominga Austreberta , Salvatierra-Izaba Ernesto Benito , Sánchez Ramírez Georgina , Torres Dosal Arturo
Published: August 2022

La violencia en contra de las mujeres en la pareja heterosexual, además de ser un tema muy complejo, es un problema de salud pública. Este trabajo contribuye a profundizar no solamente en el tipo de unión conyugal (cohabitación y matrimonio), sino también toma en cuenta las circunstancias en donde ocurre para explicar tanto en mujeres indígenas como no indígenas su relación con la magnitud y la gravedad de las expresiones de maltrato físico en Chiapas, México. El estudio fue realizado a través de un enfoque cuantitativo con base en los datos de la Encuesta Nacional sobre la Dinámica de las Relaciones en los Hogares 2016 (ENDIREH); se incluyeron 2604 mujeres de 15 a 49 años, actualmente unidas, indígenas y mestizas. Los resultados mostraron que la unión libre es más frecuente en las indígenas y se asocia significativamente con una mayor probabilidad de violencia física en sus distintas formas; adicionalmente, las circunstancias en las cuales esta se establece dan cuenta de la variación en la frecuencia de las agresiones, sobre todo cuando las mujeres son forzadas a unirse. La desventaja social de las mujeres subyace al tipo y las circunstancias de unión, destaca su participación o ausencia al decidir y los aspectos normativos que rigen la materia en Chiapas. Se discuten los hallazgos a la luz del cambio reproductivo y el compromiso de los varones en el establecimiento de la unión como elementos constitutivos de la cohabitación y el matrimonio, así como de la violencia íntima de pareja.
COMÉRCIO INTERNACIONAL – O ORIENTE MÉDIO
Authors: Melo Beatriz Mendes , Bandeira Juan Muller de Andrade , Rosa Liliam Maria Lima
Published: August 2022

O estudo teve como objetivo, compreender a dinâmica dos negócios internacionais entre Brasil e Oriente Médio - com foco para as relações brasileiras com a Arábia Saudita, Catar, Emirados Árabes Unidos, Irã, Israel e Omã, Metodologicamente a pesquisa apresenta abordagem quali-quantitativa, para fins de investigação na forma descritiva, e, quanto aos meios, define-se como bibliográfica, com tratamento de dados secundários. Trouxe ainda como principais resultados a identificação da pauta exportadora do Brasil para o Oriente Médio, assim como a influência de suas relações comerciais, no qual contribuiu para sua aproximação nos últimos anos.
Interconnectedness, intergenerational interactions and improvisation: Critical aspects of curriculum advancement in the Arts
Authors: Coulter Sarah-Kay
Published: August 2022

In 2021 Professor Papaarangi Reid, at The University of Melbourne, shared the ancient proverb “I ngā rā o mua”, translated to mean “before we know where we are going, we must know where we have come from”. This proverb sets the tone for discussing the Arts in the New Zealand curriculum, as during radical upheaval and social change as being experienced in the pandemic, we are forced to examine activities to reflect and discover anew the road ahead (Lindley, et al., 2021; Wood, et al., 2021). This is a critical inflection point for redefining the future of New Zealand Arts Education, as it coincides with the current New Zealand Curriculum (Ministry of Education [MoE], 2007) refresh (MoE, 2021). This research informed paper advocates for mātauranga Māori and te ao Māori in the Arts curriculum to ensure distinctive, bold transformational learning opportunities are experienced by learners within the education system. This article suggests the values of interconnectedness, intergenerational purpose and improvisation can dismantle disciplinary boundaries and offer a critical frame to reconsider a forward-focused Arts curriculum.
Speed of propagation of a longitudinal refracted seismic wave in the river valley Lena Tuymaade
Authors: Neradovsky Leonid
Published: August 2022

The values of the velocities of longitudinal refracted waves obtained in 1979–1999 are generalized. by the method of refracted waves during the work of the Yakut trust of engineering and construction surveys in the built-up area of the valley of the river. Lena Tuymaada. A normal probabilistic law for the spatial distribution of velocity values in all lithotypes of Quaternary deposits has been established. In the permafrost zone of the Central Yakut Plain in the Tuymaade valley, the general law of the growth of velocities with depth depending on the growth of volumetric weight has been confirmed. Local variations in the spatial variability of the speed of the refracted wave are due to the combined effect of the main ground-frost factors: salinity, ice content and porosity. The most variable was the speed of the refracted wave in clay facies — loams and sandy loams of lacustrine-marsh deposits. The average velocity with an equal volumetric weight of sedimentary rocks is practically the same in the Tuymaade valley and in the permafrost zone of South Yakutia. Such a regional petrophysical feature creates favorable engineering and geocryological conditions for the application of the refracted wave method in the permafrost zone, both in Central and South Yakutia, to solve one of the important basic engineering geological problems. Namely, determining the depth of occurrence of semi-rocky and rocky bedrocks of sedimentary genesis in the bases of the foundations of engineering structures. The analysis of theoretical variograms of refracted wave velocities showed that the reliability of probabilistic-statistical solutions in recognizing the boundary between the frozen strata of Quaternary deposits and bedrock in the Tuymaade valley is very high and amounts to 99.5 %. With a maximum but small error of 15.5 %, the boundary between the seasonally thawed cultural layer and loamy-sandy lacustrine-marsh deposits is recognized.
Components of self-attitude as predictors of procrastination of university students
Authors: Goncharova Elena
Published: August 2022

The article examines the relationship of different types of procrastination with the components of self-attitude and conscience of university students, reveals predictors of personal procrastination. The study involved 55 students of the Faculty of Psychology, 19–21 уears.
The author proceeded from the assumption of the presence of interconnection and mutual influence of different types of procrastination with different installation components of self-attitude and conscientiousness of the individual. The results prove the hypothesis of the study and reveal a close relationship, and the interdependence of different types of procrastination with different components of self-attitude. The core of the positive self-attitude of students is self-acceptance and self-interest in their «I». It is revealed that there is a close negative relationship of personal procrastination with the self-attitude of students: self-understanding, self-acceptance, self-confidence. A positive close relationship of students' personal procrastination has been established with a negative self-attitude — self-blame. A close negative relationship of situational procrastination with
self-leadership has been established. Conscientiousness as a feeling of guilt has a close positive relationship with personal procrastination. Predictors that affect the development of personal procrastination of university students are identified. Predictors of personal procrastination of students are self-acceptance as a key emotional and evaluative component of self-attitude and self-confidence as understanding one's capabilities and faith in one's own strength. Conscientiousness is similar in its functionality to the negative modality of self-attitude and also affects the formation and manifestation of personal procrastination of students of the mental faculty.
The author plans to associate further research with the study of procrastination in professional activity as a specific behavior in response to the external conditions of professional activity, as well as with the development of tools for studying the conscious procrastination of employees.
Soft skills in engineering education. Practical approach of National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”
Authors: Sokolova Julia , Chalova Olga , Khominskaia Valeriia
Published: August 2022

Soft skills have become an essential attribute for a successful career in engineering in recent decades. The role of soft skills in engineering qualifications increases each year. It is observed that this European trend has been adopted by other countries and at present is inherent throughout the world. For an engineer today it is extremely important to focus not only on technical or technological issues while studying but to acquire a wider range of abilities and skills that are aimed at expanding professional and career opportunities.
A new course has been introduced into the Master's curriculum in National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” in 2020/2021 academic year to enhance soft-skills component in engineering training. Organizational Management is an interdisciplinary area of knowledge which is closely related to such fields as psychology, social sciences, management, economics, philosophy and history. As a part of curriculum this course is aimed at supplementing engineering qualifications with a whole range of skills and abilities of a social nature.
Introduction of this course into the curriculum of the last year of the Master's program of engineer training permits to supplement technical and technological qualifications with a number of soft skills necessary not only for future professional activities, but also for the performance of a Master's thesis.
Resistance of frame polymer concrete to low-cycle loading
Authors: Bondarev Boris , Korneeva Anastasia , Kosta Anton , Korneev Oleg , Meshcheryakov Aleksey
Published: August 2022

Low-cycle fatigue is the ability of a material or structure to resist cyclic loads in the range of 0–105 cycles. Low-cycle loads are sometimes referred to as repeated. Little work has been devoted to the low-cycle fatigue of polymer composite materials (PCM). Studies of low-cycle fatigue were carried out by A.I. Chebanenko, B.A. Bondarev, Bondareva A.B. Besides them, the works of Chernousov R.N., Nemtsev V.A., Biryukov K.S. are known. Much more publications and research are devoted to the static fatigue of polymer composites. Almost all the works of well-known polymer concrete researchers began with studies of their strength under various types of loading, including long-term static.
Thus, analyzing the previous experience of studying the fatigue resistance of polymer composite materials, we can draw the following conclusions:
• PCM static fatigue is the most studied;
• quite a lot of work is devoted to the high-cycle fatigue of polymer concrete;
• low-cycle fatigue of polymer concrete has not been studied enough;
• physical fatigue of polymer composite materials is practically not studied;
• there is no complexity in studying the issues of PCM fatigue.
Thus, the relevance of this work is beyond doubt, and the studies presented in this work make it possible to fill in the missing knowledge on the fatigue of frame polymer composites under various types of loading.
In the course of the study, equations of low-cycle fatigue for frame polymer concretes were obtained. Also, the values of reliability coefficients for polymer concrete based on furfural-acetone monomer, manufactured using frame technology, are determined. The analysis of the data obtained clearly showed the possibility of using frame polymer concrete in structures subjected to cyclic loads
The current level and prospects for the development of large-volume injection technologies using polymers to increase oil recovery
Authors: Podoprigora Dmitry , Byazrov Roman , Khristich Egor
Published: August 2022

Currently, there is a worldwide decline in the level of production while maintaining the level of consumption. At the same time, the newly discovered fields are not able to compensate for the volumes of extracted oil, since the volumes of reserves are mainly small or medium. In this regard, it is relevant to introduce technologies to increase oil recovery at already drilled and developed fields.
A promising method of increasing oil recovery is polymer flooding, which has many years of successful experience in both Russia and abroad. Polymer flooding technology consists in adding dry polymer to the injected water in concentrations from 0.05 to 0.25 % in order to increase its viscosity, which in turn contributes to improving the flooding process. The polymer rim equalizes the ratio of mobility in the reservoir and allows oil to be uniformly displaced from reservoirs in which there is a heterogeneity in permeability. The key result in the implementation of the technology is an increase in the oil recovery coefficient by improving the coverage of the reservoir by the flooding process, as well as a gradual increase in water availability, without early water breakthroughs from injection to production wells. This technology has wide limits of applicability and has already proven its effectiveness in various geological and physical conditions.
This article will consider the physical basis of exposure, the principle of action, the criteria of applicability, the main groups of chemical reagents, and the accumulated domestic and international experience in the design and implementation of polymer flooding technology, development trends and the main difficulties associated with the introduction of this technology.
Use of mathematical models to estimate the total leaf area of banana
Authors: Vieira João Guilherme Viana , Zucoloto Moises , Oliveira Vinicius de Souza , Oliveira Fábio Luiz de
Published: August 2022

Abstract The objective of this work was to adjust and validate a mathematical equation to estimate the total leaf area of banana plants of the cultivars Maça BRS Princesa, Prata BRS Platina, Prata Gorutuba and Prata-Anã together, through the linear dimensions of the third leaf and the total number of leaves. For that, the linear first degree and power models were tested, where was used a dependent variable (y) the total leaf area (TLA) an independent variable (x) the multiplication of the length with the total number of leaves (LN), multiplication of the width with the total number of leaves (WN), and multiplying the length by the width with the total number of leaves (LWN). Analysis of covariance was used to test the possibility of using a single equation to estimate the total leaf area of the analyzed cultivars. For all equations, the mean absolute error, the root mean square error and the Willmott d index were obtained as validation criteria. The power model equation TLA = 3.9292(WN)1.5851 can be used simply and quickly to determine the total leaf area of plants of the four cultivars under study.
Extraction conditions and identification of volatile organic compounds from umbu pulp by HS-SPME/GC-MS
Authors: Ferreira Giovana Ribeiro , Andrade Raíssa Queiroz , Castricini Ariane , Silvério Flaviano Oliveira
Published: August 2022

Abstract despite the high social and economic importance of Spondias tuberosa Arruda, to the best of our knowledge there are very few detailed studies on the volatile compounds of this fruit popularly named umbu. Therefore, the aim of this study was to find the best extraction conditions by solid-phase microextraction in headspace mode (HS-SPME) to determine the volatile compounds from umbu fruit pulp by gas-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The optimal conditions were obtained using 4 g of pulp and 0.2 NaCl/pulp (w/w), maintained for 10 min in incubation at 40 °C. The SPME-fiber was exposed for 20 min for extraction and then for 40 min for desorption. Thus, a total of 25 volatile compounds were detected and 16 were identified under these conditions, with 9 compounds being identified for the first time in the volatile fraction of umbu fruit pulp and two compounds were identified for the first time in the Spondias genus. The major chemical class was terpenes and esters, which together represent more than 90% of total chromatographic area.
O financiamento à infraestrutura e a retomada do crescimento econômico sustentado
Authors: GARCIA MÁRCIO G. P.
Published: August 2022

RESUMO Diferentemente dos ciclos de crescimento anteriores no Brasil, o novo que completará o plano de estabilização do Real não pode mais contar com o Estado como o principal financiador e responsável pelos investimentos em infraestrutura. Isso representa uma tendência mundial, que originou o financiamento do projeto, uma maneira de financiar pesados investimentos projetados para viabilizar a parceria público-privada. O financiamento do projeto separa o risco firme do risco comercial e projeta arranjos financeiros específicos para cada projeto de investimento. No Brasil, agora que a lei que regula a concessão ao setor privado foi promulgada e o programa de privatização foi acelerado, o financiamento do projeto provavelmente constituirá o principal procedimento de financiamento para investimentos em infraestrutura. Para que o financiamento do projeto funcione, o ambiente regulatório deve ser claro e os contratos devem ter credibilidade, impedindo que o setor público seja esquecido, forçado a resgatar projetos insolventes. É apresentada uma nova proposta para o sistema BNDES - um seguro contra o risco macroeconômico nas operações de crédito. Esta proposta visa a construção de um mercado de crédito de longo prazo no Brasil.
Dynamic organization of two agroforestry systems in the semi-arid region of Paraíba and their contribution to improving the socio-economic conditions of farming families
Authors: Lucena Rosivania Jeronimo de , Lima Joedla Rodrigues de , Bakke Ivonete Alves
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT: The socio-economic vulnerability of family farmers in Brazilian semi-arid regions, combined with the intense degradation of the Caatinga biome, entails the use of alternatives that allow people to remain in the countryside while recovering the environment. Are agroforestry systems (AFS), which are based on the ecological, economic, and social interactions existing in a production system, an alternative? The present study described the structure, organization, and floristic composition of two AFS and analyzed the soil fertility of the two AFSimplanted in the semi-arid region of Paraíba. This study revealed that the farmers consider the AFS to be less harmful to the environment as it provides greater protection to the soil and better-qualityfood. Thegreatest challenges wereobtaining water during drought season and the need foran extra workforce. Nevertheless, the produce from these systemswas sufficient to provide for the families. Several varieties of fruit species were found in both the AFS studied, and Malpighia emarginata (acerola) was the most predominant. The soils of the two AFS presented a practically neutral pH the and high percentage of base saturation,thereby falling under the category of eutrophic soil with high fertility, and are ideal for growingany type of crop.
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of variations in the essential leaf oil of 6 Eucalyptus Species and allelopathy of mechanism 1,8-cineole
Authors: Liu Zhenyi , Wang Jing , Yin Meijuan , Liu Mengsheng , Gao Weijuan
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT: The Eucalyptus plant releases allelopathic chemicals into the environment mostly through the essential oils volatilized from the leaves. This study discussed the composition of the leaf oils of few seven-year-old varieties like Eucalyptus pellita (E. pel), Eucalyptus camaldulensis (E. cama), Eucalyptus grandis (E. gra), Eucalyptus dunni (E. dun), Eucalyptus saligna (E. sal), and E. grandis × E. urophylla (E. gra×E. uro) and three-year-old E. grandis × E. urophylla (E. gra × E. uro (three)). It determined the allelopathic mechanism and the types of chemical components playing the leading role. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by the Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) method. In order to determine the effect of allelopathy, seed germination experiments were carried out at different concentrations (10-100 mL/L) of the E. Gra × E. uro leaf oil (EO) and the major components. The wheat seeds germinated by adding 1,8-cineole were used to determine the activity of α-amylase. Moreover, the mRNA expression of α-amylase in seeds was studied. The major chemical class in the essential oil was oxygenated monoterpene; 1,8-cineole (20.2-67.5%) displayed the highest content. Other substances that were high in content and ubiquitous included α-pinene (0.3-21.8%), α-terpineol (0.44-19.24%), and borneol (0.81-3.05%). The four chemical constituents and EO influenced the germination and growth of the three plants. Among them, 1,8-cineole exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect. The α-amylase activity of the 1,8-cineole-treated wheat seeds had decreased significantly. Molecular evidence suggested that 1,8-cineole decreased the α-amylase gene (AMY) expression.
Camellia sinensis extract delays microbiological and oxidative changes in striped catfish fillets during frozen storage
Authors: Tran Minh Phu , Huynh Thi Kim Duyen , Nguyen Le Anh Dao , Nguyen Quoc Thinh , Nguyen Thi Nhu Ha , Phong Ho Quoc , Douny Caroline
Published: August 2022

ABSTRACT: This study investigated the effects of tea leaf (Camellia sinensis) extract on the quality of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fillets during 18-months of frozen storage (-20 ± 2 °C). Fillet samples were submitted to the treatments Control (cold tap water), CS 7.63 (C. sinensis extract solution 7.63 µg / mL) and CS 625 (C. sinensis extract 625 µg / mL) and stored for 18 months, with collections performed at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 18 months. Total viable count, physicochemical parameters (water holding capacity, total volatile basic nitrogen, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, moisture and pH), sensory properties and color measurement were evaluated. Results showed that fillets treated with C.a sinensis extracts slightly reduced lipid oxidation, inhibited bacterial growth and improved sensory properties compared to untreated samples, without causing significant changes in the other quality indicators. The findings indicated that the green tea leaf extract immersion treatments, contributed to the improved quality preservation of striped catfish fillets during frozen storage.
Indicadores de saúde mental para a Rede de Atenção Psicossocial brasileira: uma proposta
Authors: Lima Inacia Bezerra de , Alves Domingos , Furegato Antônia Regina Ferreira
Published: August 2022

Resumo Objetivo: propor indicadores de saúde mental destinados a gestão da Rede de Atenção em saúde mental, a começar da convergência da sua utilização, em países com organização pública de saúde. Método: análise exploratória dos indicadores, adotados e utilizados nesses países, a partir da análise detalhada dos seus respectivos documentos normativos, considerando as orientações da Organização Mundial de Saúde. Após a seleção dos indicadores, adotou-se a Matriz de Saúde Mental como sugestão para seu desenvolvimento e aplicação na Rede de Atenção Psicossocial brasileira. Respeitando os critérios de inclusão e exclusão dos indicadores estudados, a matriz foi construída, em duas dimensões: geográfica: (nacional/regional, local, individual) e temporal (entrada, processo e resultados). Resultados: a análise aponta 41 indicadores que apresentaram evidências quanto ao seu uso. Todos foram posicionados na Matriz de Saúde Mental, contribuindo como uma métrica para analisar a finalidade dos serviços de saúde mental, nos níveis e fases de cada dimensão. Conclusão: os indicadores selecionados, distribuídos nas diferentes dimensões da Matriz de Saúde Mental, estão sendo disponibilizados para uso, para a gestão e na prática clínica, bem como para estudos científicos e, num horizonte futuro, para uso como definidor de políticas de saúde mental.
Indicadores hospitalares e comportamento de pacientes internados em hospital psiquiátrico adepto à proibição do fumo
Authors: Oliveira Renata Marques de , Santos Jair Lício Ferreira , Furegato Antônia Regina Ferreira
Published: August 2022

Resumo Objetivo: comparar indicadores de internação e de alta, custo com medicamentos e comportamentos dos pacientes antes e após a proibição do tabagismo em um hospital psiquiátrico. Método: estudo ecológico, longitudinal e retrospectivo realizado em um hospital psiquiátrico. Foram obtidos dados secundários por meio de consulta aos prontuários, referentes a 2142 internações. Aplicado teste de medianas para comparação das variáveis antes e após a proibição. Resultados: com a implementação da proibição, o percentual de ocupação dos leitos foi reduzido nas unidades masculinas de transtornos mentais (de 88,8% para 48,4%) e de dependência química (94,4% para 42,8%). A média de dias de internação foi reduzida na unidade masculina de dependência química (13,5 para 12,6) em comparação à unidade feminina (14,7 para 19,5). Os custos com psicofármacos e expectorantes, as agressões verbais/físicas e as contenções físicas/químicas foram reduzidos. Conclusão: a proibição do fumo alterou indicadores hospitalares, reduziu custos e melhorou o comportamento dos pacientes, contrariando o mito de que ela resulta em hostilidade. Espera-se que este estudo contribua para que os enfermeiros revejam suas crenças relacionadas à proibição do tabagismo com resultados positivos para as relações interpessoais e para a gestão dos serviços de saúde mental.