bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melanotic PEComa
Authors: de la Fouchardiere Arnaud , Papke David J. , Pissaloux Daniel , Russell-Goldman Eleanor , Tirode Franck , Fletcher Christopher D.M. , Hanna John
Published: December 2023

Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComas) are tumors of uncertain cell lineage that show a strong female predominance. Their hallmark is the presence of combined smooth muscle and melanocytic differentiation. In most cases, melanocytic differentiation is detectable only by immunohistochemistry, but there are rare reports of PEComa with extensive melanin accumulation (so-called “melanotic PEComa”). Here we report a clinicopathologic series of 7 melanotic PEComas that occurred across a wide patient age range of 21 to 82 years (median: 41 y) and with a wide anatomic distribution, including 2 cases in the pelvis and 1 case each in the gallbladder, cervix, eyelid, epidural space, and femur. All tumors were heavily pigmented and, like conventional PEComas, were composed of variably sized neoplastic cells with voluminous granular, or less commonly clear, cytoplasm with prominent nucleoli. All tumors expressed HMB45 by immunohistochemistry, and 6 of 7 showed nuclear TFE3 expression. Where tested, tumors were uniformly negative for Mart-1/Melan-A, S100, desmin, and smooth muscle actin. Molecular analysis identified TFE3 gene rearrangement in 5 of 7 cases, 4 of which were demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization and one by whole-exome RNA sequencing which revealed a SFPQ::TFE3 fusion. The one tumor negative for TFE3 by immunohistochemistry was found instead to harbor a SFPQ::TFEB fusion, the first reported example to our knowledge of TFEB fusion in a PEComa. Clinical follow-up was available for 6 of 7 patients (median: 2.5 y: range: 0.75 to 7 y). The patient whose tumor harbored SFPQ::TFEB died of metastatic disease 9 months after diagnosis. The other tumors behaved in an indolent fashion: 4 patients were alive without evidence of disease at the most recent follow-up and 1 patient died of an unrelated cancer 4 years after diagnosis of the melanotic PEComa. Our results expand the morphologic and molecular spectrum of melanotic PEComa, and awareness of this rare but distinctive subtype is important to ensure accurate diagnosis within the broader family of heavily pigmented neoplasms.
Prognostic Value of Immunohistochemistry-based Subtyping Before and After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients with Triple-negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Wu Long , Chen Minyan , Lin Yuxiang , Zeng Bangwei , Guo Wenhui , Chen Lili , Li Yan , Yu Liuwen , Li Jing , Chen Xiaobin , Zhang Wenzhe , Li Shengmei , Cai Weifeng , Zhang Kun , Jin Xuan , Huang Jianping , Lin Qili , Yang Yinghong , Fu Fangmeng , Wang Chuan
Published: December 2023

To assess the predictive and prognostic value of a subtyping method based on immunohistochemistry in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). This study included patients with TNBC treated with anthracycline- and taxane-based NAC and curative surgery. Immunohistochemical (IHC) subtyping was performed using core needle biopsy specimens before NAC (pre-NAC) and residual tumors after NAC (post-NAC). Logistic regression was performed to identify predictive biomarkers of pathological complete response (pCR). Invasive disease-free survival (iDFS), distant disease-free survival (DDFS), and overall survival (OS) were assessed using the log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards regression. A total of 230 patients were followed up for a median of 59 months. Clinical lymph node status and the pre-NAC subtype were independent predictors of pCR (P=0.006 and 0.005, respectively). The pre-NAC subtype was an independent prognostic factor for long-term survival (iDFS: P < 0.001, DDFS: P=0.010, and OS: P=0.044). Among patients with residual disease (RD) after NAC, approximately 45% of tumors changed their IHC subtype. Furthermore, the post-NAC subtype, but not the pre-NAC subtype, was strongly associated with the survival of patients with RD (iDFS: P < 0.001, DDFS: P=0.005, and OS: P=0.006). The IHC subtype predicted response to NAC and long-term survival in patients with early TNBC. In patients with RD, almost 45% of the tumors changed subtype after NAC. The IHC subtype should be considered when planning additional therapies pre- and post-NAC.
Tumor Budding Assessment in Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Cyr David P. , Pun Cherry , Shivji Sameer , Mitrovic Bojana , Duan Kai , Tomin Rossi , Sari Aysegul , Brar Amanpreet , Zerhouni Siham , Brar Mantaj S. , Kennedy Erin D. , Swallow Carol J. , Kirsch Richard , Conner James R.
Published: December 2023

Tumor budding (TB) is a powerful prognostic factor in colorectal cancer (CRC). An internationally standardized method for its assessment (International Tumor Budding Consensus Conference [ITBCC] method) has been adopted by most CRC pathology protocols. This method requires that TB counts are reported by field area (0.785 mm2) rather than objective lens and a normalization factor is applied for this purpose. However, the validity of this approach is yet to be tested. We sought to validate the ITBCC method with a particular emphasis on normalization as a tool for standardization. In a cohort of 365 stage I-III CRC, both normalized and non-normalized TB were significantly associated with disease-specific survival and recurrence-free survival (P<0.0001). Examining both 0.95 and 0.785 mm2 field areas in a subset of patients (n=200), we found that normalization markedly overcorrects TB counts: Counts obtained in a 0.95 mm2 hotspot field were reduced by an average of 17.5% following normalization compared with only 3.8% when counts were performed in an actual 0.785 mm2 field. This resulted in 45 (11.3%) cases being downgraded using ITBCC grading criteria following normalization, compared with only 5 cases (1.3%, P=0.0007) downgraded when a true 0.785 mm2 field was examined. In summary, the prognostic value of TB was retained regardless of whether TB counts in a 0.95 mm2 field were normalized. Normalization resulted in overcorrecting TB counts with consequent downgrading of most borderline cases. This has implications for risk stratification and adjuvant treatment decisions, and suggests the need to re-evaluate the role of normalization in TB assessment.
Reduction of acute radiation-induced brain injury in rats by anlotinib
Authors: Xiong Yaozu , Zhou Xilei , Yu Changhua , Tong Yusuo
Published: December 2023

Objectives

Radiation therapy in the treatment of brain tumors also leads to the occurrence of radiation brain injury (RBI). Anlotinib is a small-molecule inhibitor of multi-receptor tyrosine kinase with high selectivity for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2. In this study, we constructed a rat model of RBI and investigated the effect of anlotinib on RBI and its mechanism of action through drug intervention during the acute phase of RBI.

Methods

Six-week-old male (Sprague–Dawley) rats were used to construct an animal model of RBI to evaluate the protective effect of anlotinib on acute RBI by histopathological staining, brain edema determination, blood–brain barrier integrity evaluation and quick real time-polymerase chain reaction , ELISA detection of inflammation-related indexes, and western-blot detection of related gene protein expression.

Results

Anlotinib reduced the degree of edema in the hippocampal region of rats, improved the pathological morphology of neural cells and vascular endothelial cells, and decreased blood–brain barrier permeability. Anlotinib reduced glial fibrillary acidic protein protein expression in the hippocampal region of rat brain tissue and inhibited astrocyte activation. It inhibited the release of inflammatory factors (interleukin [IL]-6, IL-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor) and down-regulated the expression of janus kinase-2/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway-related proteins.

Conclusion

This study found that anlotinib has a protective effect against RBI in rats and anlotinib may be a new candidate for the treatment of RBI.
The mechanism of inhibition control in mathematical reasoning: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Liu Donglin , Jamshaid Samrah , Wang Lijuan
Published: December 2023

Background and objectives

The ability to comprehend and engage in mathematical reasoning is a fundamental cognitive skill, central to problem-solving and critical thinking. However, the intricate cognitive processes underlying mathematical reasoning, particularly in relation to inhibitory control, have garnered increasing attention in recent research. While previous studies have explored this connection, there remains a need for a more comprehensive understanding of the interplay between inhibitory control and mathematical reasoning. This study explored the contribution of response inhibition and semantic inhibition to scientific reasoning by comparing the brain activation of the speeded-reasoning task of mathematical subdomain concepts with that of the Go/Nogo and Stroop tasks.

Method

Using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) was recorded in 28 subjects performing Go/Nogo tasks, Stroop tasks and speeded-reasoning tasks. The study was divided into two parts. In one part, subjects performed the Go/Nogo task and the Stroop task, and in the other part, subjects performed speeded-reasoning tasks.

Results

The results showed that the subjects had slower responses and lower accuracy when judging incongruent statements. The concentration of oxy-Hb in the brain region related to inhibition was increased. In addition, the oxy-Hb in reasoning incongruent nonmathematical statements was correlated to the Go/Nogo task, whereas the oxy-Hb in reasoning incongruent mathematical statements was correlated to the Stroop task.

Conclusion

This result supports the hypothesis that inhibitory control plays a role in the scientific reasoning of mathematical subdomain concepts, and both response inhibition and semantic inhibition are involved in suppressing the interference of mathematical misconceptions.

Supplementary Video Abstract, Supplemental digital content 1, http://links.lww.com/WNR/A732
Aesthetics and predictive processing: grounds and prospects of a fruitful encounter
Authors: Frascaroli Jacopo , Leder Helmut , Brattico Elvira , Van de Cruys Sander
Published: December 2023

In the last few years, a remarkable convergence of interests and results has emerged between scholars interested in the arts and aesthetics from a variety of perspectives and cognitive scientists studying the mind and brain within the predictive processing (PP) framework. This convergence has so far proven fruitful for both sides: while PP is increasingly adopted as a framework for understanding aesthetic phenomena, the arts and aesthetics, examined under the lens of PP, are starting to be seen as important windows into our mental functioning. The result is a vast and fast-growing research programme that promises to deliver important insights into our aesthetic encounters as well as a wide range of psychological phenomena of general interest. Here, we present this developing research programme, describing its grounds and highlighting its prospects. We start by clarifying how the study of the arts and aesthetics encounters the PP picture of mental functioning (§1). We then go on to outline the prospects of this encounter for the fields involved: philosophy and history of art (§2), psychology of aesthetics and neuroaesthetics (§3) and psychology and neuroscience more generally (§4). The upshot is an ambitious but well-defined framework within which aesthetics and cognitive science can partner up to illuminate crucial aspects of the human mind.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives’.
Perceptual oddities: assessing the relationship between film editing and prediction processes
Authors: Drew Alice , Soto-Faraco Salvador
Published: December 2023

During film viewing, humans parse sequences of individual shots into larger narrative structures, often weaving transitions at edit points into an apparently seamless and continuous flow. Editing helps filmmakers manipulate visual transitions to induce feelings of fluency/disfluency, tension/relief, curiosity, expectation and several emotional responses. We propose that the perceptual dynamics induced by film editing can be captured by a predictive processing (PP) framework. We hypothesise that visual discontinuities at edit points produce discrepancies between anticipated and actual sensory input, leading to prediction error. Further, we propose that the magnitude of prediction error depends on the predictability of each shot within the narrative flow, and lay out an account based on conflict monitoring. We test this hypothesis in two empirical studies measuring electroencephalography (EEG) during passive viewing of film excerpts, as well as behavioural responses during an active edit detection task. We report the neural and behavioural modulations at editing boundaries across three levels of narrative depth, showing greater modulations for edits spanning less predictable, deeper narrative transitions. Overall, our contribution lays the groundwork for understanding film editing from a PP perspective.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectivess’.
Fluency, prediction and motivation: how processing dynamics, expectations and epistemic goals shape aesthetic judgements
Authors: Yoo Jenny , Jasko Katarzyna , Winkielman Piotr
Published: December 2023

What psychological mechanisms underlie aesthetic judgements? An influential account known as the Hedonic Marking of Fluency, later developed into a Processing Fluency Theory of Aesthetic Pleasure, posits that ease of processing elicits positive feelings and thus enhances stimulus evaluations. However, the theory faces empirical and conceptual challenges. In this paper, we extend it by integrating insights from predictive processing frameworks (PPF) and the epistemic motivation model (EMM). We propose four extensions. First, fluency of a stimulus depends on perceivers' expectations—their internal model of the world. Second, perceivers also form expectations about fluency itself and thus can experience surprising fluency. These expectations can come from the individual's history, their current task and their environment. Third, perceivers can value fluency but also disfluency, reflecting their non-directional epistemic goals. Fourth, perceivers also have directional epistemic goals, preferring specific conclusions or belief content. Consequently, affective reactions depend on whether the stimulus satisfies those goals. These directional epistemic goals may override concerns about fluency or change the value of fluency associated with specific content. We review supporting evidence and introduce novel predictions. By integrating insights from PPF and EMM, our framework can better capture established fluency effects and highlights their limitations and extensions.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Art, aesthetics and predictive processing: theoretical and empirical perspectives’.
Genetic diversities of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex species in Western Kenya
Authors: Chelimo Charles Komen , Angienda Paul Oyieng , Olwal Charles Ochieng , Nyamogoba Henry
Published: December 2023

Background. Tuberculosis (TB) remains a high burden infectious disease worldwide.  Mycobacterium tuberculosiscomplex (MTBC) is the etiological agent of TB. 
Research Gap. TB burden is majorly linked to development of drug resistant strains. Thus, there is urgent need for close surveillance of MTBC circulating in a given region like Western Kenya for treatment of TB. 
Aim. To determine the proportion of MTBC species, strains and genetic diversities in circulation in an HIV/AIDS prevalent regions especially in Western Kenya. The clinical MTBC isolates were collected from Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH) at Eldoret-Kenya during 2013-14. All clinical MTBC isolates were confirmed by the gold standard method (i.e. Lowenstein-Jensen medium culture) before inclusion in the investigation.
Methodology. A 12-loci of Mycobacterium Interspersed Repetitive Units-Variable Number Tandem Repeats (MIRU-VNTR) genotyping was performed to determine the circulating species/strains of MTBC using www. MIRU-VNTRplus web platform. Allelic diversity was calculated using the Hunters-Gaston Diversity Index (HGDI).
Results. The species M. tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. africanum, M. pinnipedii, M. microti, M. caprae and M. canettiwere identified in the MTBC population. These strains were found in the Beijing, Latin American Mediterranean, Uganda 1/2, East African Indian, Ilama, West African 1/2, Harlem, URAL, Ghana, Seal, Cameroon and Vole etc. regions of Western Kenya. Notably, some isolates had unknown (new/unassigned) species. The strains were grouped into nine clusters with a clustering rate of 31.18% and a high allelic diversity index of 0.53 was observed.
Conclusion. The present findings suggest that there is an urgent need for more awareness among healthcare and stakeholders on the existence of foreign MTBC species/strains in Kenya. Furthermore, 12-loci MIRU-VNTR may not be suitable for the surveillance of MTBC strains in the circulation in Kenya. Thus, high-resolution techniques i.e., Whole Genome Sequencing needs to be adopted to resolve the genetic diversity to establish evolutionary trends for future and archived samples. This knowledge will be crucial in restraining TB, giving insights into new drug development, and prevention, control, and treatment strategies of TB.
Primary cilia in osteoblasts and osteocytes are required for skeletal development and mechanotransduction
Authors: Moraes de Lima Perini Mariana , Pugh Julie N , Scott Elizabeth M , Bhula Karan , Chirgwin Austin , Reul Olivia N , Berbari Nicolas F , Li Jiliang
Published: December 2023

1.

Primary cilia have been involved in the development and mechanosensation of various tissue types, including bone. In this study, we explored the mechanosensory role of primary cilia in bone growth and adaptation by examining two cilia specific genes, IFT88 and MKS5, required for proper cilia assembly and function. To analyze the role of primary cilia in osteoblasts, Osx1-GFP:Cre mice were bred with IFT88LoxP/LoxPto generate mice with a conditional knockout of primary cilia in osteoblasts. A significant decrease in body weight was observed in both male (p=0.0048) and female (p=0.0374) conditional knockout (cKO) mice compared to the wild type (WT) controls. The femurs of cKO mice were significantly shorter than that of the WT mice of both male (p=0.0003) and female (p=0.0019) groups. Histological analysis revealed a significant difference in MAR (p=0.0005) and BFR/BS (p<0.0001) between female cKO and WT mice. The BFR/BS of male cKO mice was 58.03% lower compared to WT mice. To further investigate the role of primary cilia in osteocytes, Dmp1-8kb-Cre mice were crossed with MKS5LoxP/LoxPto generate mice with defective cilia in osteocytes. In vivo axial ulnar loading was performed on 16-week-old mice for 3 consecutive days. The right ulnae were loaded for 120 cycles/day at a frequency of 2Hz with a peak force of 2.9N for female mice and 3.2N for male mice. Load-induced bone formation was measured using histomorphometry. The relative values of MS/BS, MAR and BFR/BS (loaded ulnae minus nonloaded ulnae) in male MKS5 cKO mice were decreased by 24.88%, 46.27% and 48.24%, respectively, compared to the controls. In the female groups, the rMS/BS was 52.5% lower, the rMAR was 27.58% lower, and the rBFR/BS was 41.54% lower in MKS5 cKO mice than the WT group. Histological analysis indicated that MKS5 cKO mice showed significantly decreased response to mechanical loading compared to the controls. Taken together, these data highlight a critical role of primary cilia in bone development and mechanotransduction, suggesting that the presence of primary cilia in osteoblasts play an important role in skeletal development, and primary cilia in osteocytes mediate mechanically induced bone formation.
A functional parcellation of the whole brain in individuals with autism spectrum disorder reveals atypical patterns of network organization
Authors: Persichetti Andrew S. , Shao Jiayu , Gotts Stephen J. , Martin Alex
Published: December 2023

BACKGROUND

Researchers studying autism spectrum disorder (ASD) lack a comprehensive map of the functional network topography in the ASD brain. We used high-quality resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) connectivity data and a robust parcellation routine to provide a whole-brain map of functional networks in a group of seventy individuals with ASD and a group of seventy typically developing (TD) individuals.

METHODS

The rs-fMRI data were collected using an imaging sequence optimized to achieve high temporal signal-to-noise ratio (tSNR) across the whole-brain. We identified functional networks using a parcellation routine that intrinsically incorporates stability and replicability of the networks by keeping only network distinctions that agree across halves of the data over multiple random iterations in each group. The groups were tightly matched on tSNR, in-scanner motion, age, and IQ.

RESULTS

We compared the maps from each group and found that functional networks in the ASD group are atypical in three seemingly related ways: 1) whole-brain connectivity patterns are less stable across voxels within multiple functional networks, 2) the cerebellum, subcortex, and hippocampus show weaker differentiation of functional subnetworks, and 3) subcortical structures and the hippocampus are atypically integrated with the neocortex.

CONCLUSIONS

These results were statistically robust and suggest that patterns of network connectivity between the neocortex and the cerebellum, subcortical structures, and hippocampus are atypical in ASD individuals.
SleepEEGpy: a Python-based software “wrapper” package to organize preprocessing, analysis, and visualization of sleep EEG data
Authors: Belonosov G. , Falach R , Schmidig J.F. , Aderka M. , Zhelezniakov V. , Shani-Hershkovich R. , Bar E. , Nir Y
Published: December 2023

Sleep research uses electroencephalography (EEG) to infer brain activity in health and disease. Beyond standard sleep scoring, there is increased interest in advanced EEG analysis that require extensive preprocessing to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, and dedicated analysis algorithms. While many EEG software packages exist, sleep research has specific needs that require dedicated tools (e.g. particular artifacts, event detection). Currently, sleep investigators use different libraries for specific tasks in a ‘fragmented’ configuration that is inefficient, prone to errors, and requires the learning of multiple software environments. This leads to a high initial complexity, creating a crucial barrier for beginners in sleep research. Here, we present SleepEEGpy, an open-source Python software “wrapper” package to facilitate sleep EEG data preprocessing and analysis. SleepEEGpy builds upon MNE-Python, YASA, and SpecParam tools to provide an all-in-one, beginner-friendly package for comprehensive yet straightforward sleep EEG research including (i) cleaning, (ii) independent component analysis, (iii) detection of sleep events, (iv) analysis of spectral features, and associated visualization tools. A dashboard visualization tool provides an overview to evaluate data and its preprocessing, which can be useful as an initial step prior to detailed analysis. We demonstrate the SleepEEGpy pipeline and its functionalities by applying it to overnight high-density EEG data in healthy participants, revealing multiple characteristic activity signatures typical of each vigilance state. These include alpha oscillations in wakefulness, sleep spindle and slow wave activities in NREM sleep, and theta activity in REM sleep. We hope that this software will be embraced and further developed by the sleep research community, and constitute a useful entry point tool for beginners in sleep EEG research.
Fully flexible molecular alignment enables accurate ligand structure modelling
Authors: Wang Zhihao , Zhou Fan , Wang Zechen , Li Yong-Qiang , Wang Sheng , Zheng Liangzhen , Li Weifeng , Peng Xiangda
Published: December 2023

Accurate protein-ligand binding poses are the prerequisites of structure-based binding affinity prediction, and also provide the structural basis for in depth lead optimization in small molecule drug design. Ligand-based modeling approaches primarily extract valuable information from the structural features of small molecules to assess their potential as drug candidates against specific targets. However, it is challenging to provide reasonable predictions of binding poses for different molecules, due to the complexity and diversity of the chemical space of small molecules. Similarity-based molecular alignment techniques can effectively narrow the search range, as structurally similar molecules are likely to have similar binding modes, with higher similarity usually correlating to higher success rates. However, molecular similarity isn’t consistently high because molecules often require changes to achieve specific purposes, leading to reduced alignment precision. To address this issue, we propose a new alignment method—Z-align. This method uses topological structural information as a criterion for evaluating similarity, reducing the reliance on molecular fingerprint similarity. Our method has achieved significantly higher success rates than other methods at moderate levels of similarity. Additionally, our approach can comprehensively and flexibly optimize bond lengths and angles of molecules, maintaining high accuracy even when dealing with larger molecules. Consequently, our proposed solution helps in achieving more accurate binding poses in protein-ligand docking problems, facilitating the development of small molecule drugs.
Dynamics and plasticity of stem cells in the regenerating human colonic epithelium
Authors: Oost Koen C. , Kahnwald Maurice , Barbiero Silvia , de Medeiros Gustavo , Suppinger Simon , Kalck Veronique , Meylan Ludivine Challet , Smallwood Sebastien A. , Stadler Michael B. , Liberali Prisca
Published: December 2023

The human intestinal epithelium is a tissue with rapid turnover. Its complex regenerative process and differentiation trajectories have been challenging to study due to its inaccessibility and lack of temporal sampling. To this end, we developed a workflow to culture adult stem cell-derived human intestinal organoids from single cells to maturation. Extensive characterization of our model system indicated a transient regenerative response, followed by differentiation into all mature cell lineages. This switch is accompanied by a transition between two stem cell states. High-content screening and comparison toin vivostudies revealed that an initial fetal-like state is crucial for achieving successful regeneration, while the subsequent adult-like state is vital for maintaining a balance of cell lineages and continuous support of crypt-morphogenesis. Taken together, this study highlights the extensive plasticity of the intestinal epithelium and paves the way for further studies of human intestinal regeneration and its deregulation in pathologies.
A Mathematical Framework for Measuring and Tuning Tempo in Developmental Gene Regulatory Networks
Authors: Manser Charlotte L , Perez-Carrasco Ruben
Published: December 2023

Embryo development is a dynamic process governed by the regulation of timing and sequences of gene expression, which control the proper growth of the organism. While many genetic programs coordinating these sequences are common across species, the timescales of gene expression can vary significantly among different organisms. Currently, substantial experimental efforts are focused on identifying molecular mechanisms that control these temporal aspects. In contrast, the capacity of established mathematical models to incorporate tempo control while maintaining the same dynamical landscape remains less understood. This manuscript addresses this gap by developing a mathematical framework that links the functionality of developmental programs to the corresponding gene expression orbits (or landscapes). This unlocks the ability to find tempo differences as perturbations in the dynamical system that preserve its orbits. We demonstrate that this framework allows for the prediction of molecular mechanisms governing tempo, through both numerical and analytical methods. Our exploration includes two case studies: a generic network featuring coupled production and degradation, and the repressilator. In the latter, we illustrate how altering the dimerisation rates of transcription factors can decouple the tempo from the shape of the resulting orbits. The manuscript concludes by highlighting how the identification of orthogonal molecular mechanisms for tempo control can inform the design of circuits with specific orbits and tempos.
Management accounting for a circular economy: current limits and avenue for a dialogic approach
Authors: Aureli Selena , Foschi Eleonora , Paletta Angelo
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study investigates the implementation of a sustainable circular business model from an accounting perspective. Its goal is to understand if and how decision- makers use management accounting systems, and what changes are needed if these systems are to support the transition toward a circular economy.

Design/methodology/approach

Dialogic accounting theory frames the case study of six companies that built a value network to develop and implement an innovative packaging solution consistent with circular economy principles. Content analysis was utilised to investigate the accounting tools used.

Findings

The findings indicate that circular solutions generate new organisational configurations based on value networks. Interestingly, managers’ decision-making process largely bypassed the accounting function; they relied on informal accounting and life cycle analysis, which stimulated a multi-stakeholder dialogue in a life cycle perspective.

Research limitations/implications

The research provides theoretical and practical insights into the capability of management accounting systems to support companies seeking circular solutions.

Practical implications

The authors offer implications for accounting practice, chief financial officers (CFOs) and accounting educators, suggesting that a dialogic approach may support value retention of resources, materials and products, as required by the circular economy.

Social implications

The research contributes to the debate about the role of accounting in sustainability, specifically the need for connecting for resource efficiency at the corporate level with the rationalisation of resource use within planetary boundaries.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the limited research into the role of management accounting in a company’s transition to circular business models. Dialogic accounting theory frames exploration of how accounting may evolve to help businesses become accountable to all stakeholders, including the environment.
Cooperative management of an initial training program: case study of a Czech production site of a Japanese globalized manufacturing firm
Authors: Nishiwaki Nobuko , Oe Akitsu
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study examines the case of an initial training, called “Dojo”, invented and implemented at a production site in the Czech Republic. It clarifies the initial training program implementation process and offers a conceptual framework for cooperative management of subsidiary activities at the site and firm.

Design/methodology/approach

This study conducts an in-depth analysis of qualitative data from the Czech production site over a five-year period. The theoretical base is the theorization and labeling phase of management innovation (MI), the final phase of which legitimizes a new management practice. Interview data, archival data, pictures and financial data are used for the analysis.

Findings

To legitimize the Dojo in the operational flow controlled by the site and firm, the Czech production site acquires validation of the Dojo from employees and board members of the Japanese and European headquarters, helping the site build trustful relationships with them. Training programs, process standardization and skills standardization of the workers offer benefits to the trainees, production site and firm.

Originality/value

The authors offer theoretical insights into MI at the subsidiary-level, which past studies have not differentiated at the firm-level. The authors also provide details of the implementation and management of initial training for newly hired blue-collar workers at the production site. The findings complement related literature on human resource management and operational management.
Mobile business apps and employee productivity
Authors: Rokonuzzaman Md , Alhidari Abdullah , Harun Ahasan , Paswan Audhesh , D'Souza Derrick
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Hoping to increase the productivity of their employees, firms provide and expect their employees to use approved mobile apps. However, despite an intuitive appeal, the relationship between information technology usage and productivity is still seen as paradoxical. This study examines the relationship between employees' experience and engagement with business mobile apps provided by employers and its effects on employee work productivity.

Design/methodology/approach

Data from respondents who use employer-provided business apps were used to test the hypotheses. Measurement-corrected latent scores extracted from the PLS measurement evaluation were used in regression-centric assessment using PROCESS.

Findings

Results indicate that employee-users’ experience-based attributions of the business app, i.e. customization, performance quality and compatibility, have positive effects on productivity mediated by participation intensity. Further, work type (retail vs non-retail) and the depth of the employee user’s experience moderate experience-based attributions' indirect effects on productivity.

Originality/value

Unlike previous studies delving into this topic, this study focuses solely on the mediation and moderation effects for hypothesis testing. Specifically, this study investigates effects conditional on work type (retail vs non-retail), which the authors believe has significant implications for retailing. These findings have interesting implications for both future research and managers.
Ethical governance and the board’s moderating role in Zakat avoidance effects on firm value in muslim nations
Authors: Kateb Ines , Ftouhi Khaoula
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the impact of Zakat avoidance on firm value and investigates how board characteristics moderate this relationship within the context of Saudi Arabia, a Muslim nation.

Design/methodology/approach

Using panel data from 2009 to 2020, encompassing 78 nonfinancial firms listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange, this study constructs an enhanced measure of Zakat avoidance that integrates insights from tax avoidance research, Shariah principles and the regulations of the Zakat, Tax and Customs Authority. This research uses empirical techniques, including panel data regressions and interaction analysis to investigate how board characteristics may influence this relationship.

Findings

Descriptive analysis reveals pervasive Zakat compliance, underscoring the effectiveness of Saudi Arabia’s robust Zakat system. Regression results indicate a positive association between Zakat payment and firm value. Remarkably, board characteristics exhibit no significant link to Zakat avoidance, emphasizing the potency of the Zakat system and religious adherence. However, the moderation analysis reveals that board independence and meeting frequency positively moderate the relationship between Zakat avoidance and firm value.

Practical implications

The study emphasizes the vital importance of upholding Zakat obligations to cultivate trust among stakeholders and amplify firm value. It advocates for governance frameworks that foster vigilant oversight and independence, ultimately enhancing a firm’s overall worth. Furthermore, the study’s findings provide valuable insights for corporate leaders, investors, policymakers and society as a whole, facilitating the promotion of ethical financial conduct and driving holistic economic development.

Originality/value

This research introduces novel insights by scrutinizing the intricate interplay of Zakat avoidance, board dynamics and firm value within the context of a culturally distinctive emerging economy. The development of a distinct Zakat avoidance metric, along with comprehensive empirical assessment, contributes to the originality of the study. Moreover, the investigation into the moderating influence of board characteristics adds value to the existing body of knowledge.
Capesize time charter equivalent optimization based on speed and environmental regulations
Authors: Apostolou Tamara , Lagoudis Ioannis N. , Theotokas Ioannis N.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to identify the interplay of standard Capesize optimal speeds for time charter equivalent (TCE) maximization in the Australia–China iron ore route and the optimal speeds as an operational tool for compliance with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) carbon intensity indicator (CII).

Design/methodology/approach

The TCE at different speeds have been calculated for four standard Capesize specifications: (1) standard Capesize with ecoelectronic engine; (2) standard Capesize with non-eco engine (3) standard Capesize vessel with an eco-electronic engine fitted with scrubber and (4) standard Capesize with non-eco engine and no scrubber fitted.

Findings

Calculations imply that in a highly inflationary bunker price context, the dollar per ton freight rates equilibrates at levels that may push optimal speeds below the speeds required for minimum CII compliance (C Rating) in the Australia–China trade. The highest deviation of optimal speeds from those required for minimum CII compliance is observed for non-eco standard Capesize vessels without scrubbers. Increased non-eco Capesize deployment would see optimal speeds structurally lower at levels that could offer CII ratings improvements.

Originality/value

While most of the studies have covered the use of speed as a tool to improve efficiency and emissions in the maritime sector, few have been identified in the literature to have examined the interplay between the commercial and operational performance in the dry bulk sector stemming from the freight market equilibrium. The originality of this paper lies in examining the above relation and the resulting optimal speed selection in the Capesize sector against mandatory environmental targets.
Relationship between nutrient profiles, carbon footprint and water footprint of hospital menus
Authors: Aytekin-Sahin Gizem , Besparmak Aslihan , Sagir Seda Sultan , Somtas Adeviye , Ozturk Dilsad
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to evaluate the nutrient profile, carbon footprint and water footprint of one-month menus presented in five hospitals in Turkey and compare their environmental impacts with that of the Mediterranean diet.

Design/methodology/approach

The energy and nutrient content of menus were compared with recommendations of the Turkey Dietary Guidelines (TUBER) 2022. Nutrient profiles of hospital menus were evaluated using Nutrient Rich Food 9.3 (NRF 9.3) and SAIN-LIM models. The carbon and water footprints of the menus were calculated and compared with those of the Mediterranean diet.

Findings

Menus’ energy and nutrient content did not conform with TUBER 2022. The SAIN-LIM score of Hospital A (5.7 ± 1.1) was significantly higher than that of Hospitals C (4.8 ± 0.7, p = 0.001) and E (5.1 ± 0.7, p = 0.025). The carbon footprint of Hospital A was significantly lower (2.6 ± 0.3 kg CO2 eq/person/day) and that of Hospital D (4 ± 0.9 kg CO2 eq/person/day) was significantly higher than those of others (p < 0.001). While other menus were similar (p > 0.05), the water footprint of Hospital A was significantly lower (3.5 ± 0.7 L/kg, p < 0.001). In addition, if the menus were suitable for the Mediterranean diet, a reduction of 2.2–23.4% in the carbon footprint and 37.5–58.6% in the water footprint could be achieved. Moreover, menus’ carbon and water footprints were negatively correlated with NRF 9.3 and SAIN-LIM scores.

Research limitations/implications

The primary aim should be to ensure that the planned menus follow the dietary guidelines. In addition, it is an undeniable fact that sustainable nutrition is a complex process with many dimensions. However, it seems possible to improve the nutrient profiles of the menus and reduce their environmental footprint with minor changes to be made in food services.

Practical implications

It seems possible to improve the nutrient profiles of the menus and reduce their environmental footprint with minor changes. For both health and environmental impacts, food services should switch to menus suitable for the Mediterranean diet.

Originality/value

The findings provide new insights into hospital menus’ quality and environmental impact.
Association between executives’ foreign background and audit fees
Authors: Su Wunhong , Yin Chen
Published: December 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the association between executives with foreign backgrounds and the audit fees paid by the Chinese-listed firms over the period from 2010 to 2020.

Design/methodology/approach

To examine the association between executives’ foreign experience and audit fees, this study constructs the following empirical model: Lnfeei,t = β0 + β1Foreign backgroundi,t + ∑βj Controli,t + YearFE + IndFE + εi,t (1).

Findings

This study finds that auditors charge higher fees for firms hiring more executives with foreign backgrounds. The results are robust to a battery of robustness checks, including fixed effects, alternative measures of independent variable, controlling for other characteristics of executives and auditors and entropy balancing method.

Originality/value

This study sheds light on how executives’ foreign backgrounds affect audit fees, enriching the literature on executive heterogeneity and audit fees and providing important implications for audit practitioners.
In situ TiC reinforced Ti6Al4V matrix composites manufactured via selective laser melting
Authors: Gülenç İdris Tuğrul , Bai Mingwen , Mitchell Ria L. , Todd Iain , Inkson Beverley J.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Current methods for the preparation of composite powder feedstock for selective laser melting (SLM) rely on costly nanoparticles or yield inconsistent powder morphology. This study aims to develop a cost-effective Ti6Al4V-carbon feedstock, which preserves the parent Ti6Al4V particle’s flowability, and produces in situ TiC-reinforced Ti6Al4V composites with superior traits.

Design/methodology/approach

Ti6Al4V particles were directly mixed with graphite flakes in a planetary ball mill. This composite powder feedstock was used to manufacture in situ TiC-Ti6Al4V composites using various energy densities. Relative porosity, microstructure and hardness of the composites were evaluated for different SLM processing parameters.

Findings

Homogeneously carbon-coated Ti6Al4V particles were produced by direct mixing. After SLM processing, in situ grown 100–500 nm size TiC nanoparticles were distributed within the α-martensite Ti6Al4V matrix. The formation of TiC particles refines the Ti6Al4V β grain size. Relative density varied between 96.4% and 99.5% depending on the processing parameters. Hatch distance, exposure time and point distance were all effective on relative porosity change, whereas only exposure time and point distance were effective on hardness change.

Originality/value

This work introduces a novel, cost-effective powder feedstock preparation method for SLM manufacture of Ti6Al4V-TiC composites. The in situ SLM composites achieved in this study have high relative density values, well-dispersed TiC nanoparticles and increased hardness. In addition, the feedstock preparation method can be readily adapted for various matrix and reinforcement materials in future studies.
Pediatric psoriasis: Understanding pathological conditions and advances in treatment
Authors: Morita Akimichi , Saeki Hidehisa
Published: December 2023

Psoriasis is a long‐lasting skin disease that primarily affects the skin, nails, and joints and is characterized by inflammation. Genetic factors contribute to its development and environmental triggers can worsen symptoms. Pathologically, psoriasis is characterized by uncontrolled keratinocyte proliferation and abnormal differentiation, and histological features include acanthosis with inflammatory cell infiltration and neovascularization. Psoriasis often starts in childhood, with about one‐third of cases beginning during this time. Its prevalence steadily increases from the ages of 1 to 18 years in a linear fashion. Young people with psoriasis often require treatment throughout their childhood and adolescence, and into adulthood. However, prolonged treatment may increase the risk of complications and adverse events, so it is important to adopt an effective treatment approach that minimizes this risk. In addition, psoriasis is often associated with various comorbidities that may place a great burden on the physical and mental health of the children beyond those due to psoriasis itself. To ensure good long‐term health outcomes, individuals with psoriasis should undergo regular screening. Treatment should be provided not only for skin lesions, but also for any comorbidities; however, currently there is not enough evidence on the treatment of pediatric psoriasis and no globally agreed‐on guidelines exist for treating psoriasis in children. This article describes the etiology, clinical symptoms, and disease burden of pediatric psoriasis, the pathological conditions and diagnosis of plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and generalized pustular psoriasis, and the available treatments for these conditions in Japan.
The olfactory system of Pieris brassicae caterpillars: from receptors to glomeruli
Authors: Wang Qi , Smid Hans M. , Dicke Marcel , Haverkamp Alexander
Published: December 2023

The olfactory system of adult lepidopterans is among the best described neuronal circuits. However, comparatively little is known about the organization of the olfactory system in the larval stage of these insects. Here, we explore the expression of olfactory receptors and the organization of olfactory sensory neurons in caterpillars of Pieris brassicae, a significant pest species in Europe and a well‐studied species for its chemical ecology. To describe the larval olfactory system in this species, we first analyzed the head transcriptome of third‐instar larvae (L3) and identified 16 odorant receptors (ORs) including the OR coreceptor (Orco), 13 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and 8 gustatory receptors (GRs). We then quantified the expression of these 16 ORs in different life stages, using qPCR, and found that the majority of ORs had significantly higher expression in the L4 stage than in the L3 and L5 stages, indicating that the larval olfactory system is not static throughout caterpillar development. Using an Orco‐specific antibody, we identified all olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing the Orco protein in L3, L4, and L5 caterpillars and found a total of 34 Orco‐positive ORNs, distributed among three sensilla on the antenna. The number of Orco‐positive ORNs did not differ among the three larval instars. Finally, we used retrograde axon tracing of the antennal nerve and identified a mean of 15 glomeruli in the larval antennal center (LAC), suggesting that the caterpillar olfactory system follows a similar design as the adult olfactory system, although with a lower numerical redundancy. Taken together, our results provide a detailed analysis of the larval olfactory neurons in P. brassicae, highlighting both the differences as well as the commonalities with the adult olfactory system. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the development of the olfactory system in insects and its life‐stage‐specific adaptations.