bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETINAL DETACHMENT SURGERY IN A PEDIATRIC POPULATION
Authors: Read Sarah P. , Aziz Hassan A. , Kuriyan Ajay , Kothari Nikisha , Davis Janet L. , Smiddy William E. , Flynn Harry W. , Murray Timothy G. , Berrocal Audina
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

Pediatric retinal detachments (RDs) are unique in etiology, anatomy, and prognosis compared with the adult population. The mechanisms of pediatric RD include tractional (TRD), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, traumatic, and other types, such as exudative or hemorrhagic. This study examined visual and anatomical outcomes of pediatric RD undergoing surgical repair at a single university referral center.

Methods:

A retrospective consecutive case series of patients clinically diagnosed and undergoing surgery for RD between birth and 15 years of age from 2002 to 2013 at a single academic institution.

Results:

A total of 206 patients (231 eyes) were included in this study, of which 25 (12%) had bilateral RD. Of those patients, 67 (29%) had TRD (retinopathy of prematurity, persistent fetal vasculature, or familial exudative vitreoretinopathy), 51 (22%) had rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (myopia, X-linked retinoschisis, or Stickler syndrome), 60 (26%) had traumatic RD, and 53 (23%) were due to other types of RD, such as Coats disease or coloboma. Presenting best-corrected visual acuity better than 20/200 correlated with better final best-corrected visual acuity (P < 0.0001). Anatomical success was strongly correlated with visual acuity outcome (P < 0.00001) and was significantly more likely in rhegmatogenous retinal detachment versus TRD (78% vs. 39%, P < 0.05). The rates of obtaining a final best-corrected visual acuity > 20/200 were poorer in TRD (10%) compared with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (39%, P < 0.01) or traumatic RD (28%, P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Visual and anatomical outcomes varied among categories of RD. Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments were associated with the best outcomes (anatomical success and globe conservation), whereas TRDs generally had poorer visual and anatomical outcomes.
POSTOPERATIVE CHANGES AND PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF VISUAL ACUITY, METAMORPHOPSIA, AND ANISEIKONIA AFTER VITRECTOMY FOR EPIRETINAL MEMBRANE
Authors: Takabatake Moe , Higashide Tomomi , Udagawa Sachiko , Sugiyama Kazuhisa
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

To investigate postoperative changes and prognostic factors of visual impairment after vitrectomy for unilateral epiretinal membrane.

Methods:

A prospective observational study on 45 eyes from 45 patients with unilateral idiopathic epiretinal membrane who underwent vitrectomy. Visual parameters (best-corrected visual acuity, metamorphopsia using M-CHARTS, and aniseikonia using the New Aniseikonia Test) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography parameters (macular retinal layer thickness and microstructure of the outer retina) were measured preoperatively and 6 and 12 months postoperatively. Statistical analyses included linear mixed-effects models for the longitudinal changes and prognostic factors of visual parameters.

Results:

Best-corrected visual acuity and horizontal metamorphopsia improved significantly from 6 months after surgery (P < 0.001), whereas aniseikonia decreased significantly only at 12 months (P = 0.015). Vertical metamorphopsia remained unchanged. Preoperative inner nuclear layer thickness was significantly correlated with preoperative metamorphopsia. Besides baseline values, best-corrected visual acuity had no significant prognostic factors, but preoperative ellipsoid zone disruption had a negative direction of association with postoperative metamorphopsia (coefficients: −0.37 and −0.62, P = 0.015 and 0.006 for horizontal and vertical metamorphopsia, respectively), and preoperative horizontal metamorphopsia had a positive direction of association with postoperative aniseikonia (coefficient: 1.77, P = 0.002).

Conclusion:

After vitrectomy, postoperative changes and prognostic factors for unilateral epiretinal membrane differed for best-corrected visual acuity, metamorphopsia, and aniseikonia.
Glaucoma as a Metabolic Optic Neuropathy: Making the Case for Nicotinamide Treatment in Glaucoma
Authors: Williams Pete A. , Harder Jeffrey M. , John Simon W.M.
Published: August 2017

Mitochondrial dysfunction may be an important, if not essential, component of human glaucoma. Using transcriptomics followed by molecular and neurobiological techniques, we have recently demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction within retinal ganglion cells is an early feature in the DBA/2J mouse model of inherited glaucoma. Guided by these findings, we discovered that the retinal level of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD, a key molecule for mitochondrial health) declines in an age-dependent manner. We hypothesized that this decline in NAD renders retinal ganglion cells susceptible to damage during periods of elevated intraocular pressure. To replete NAD levels in this glaucoma, we administered nicotinamide (the amide of vitamin B3). At the lowest dose tested, nicotinamide robustly protected from glaucoma (~70% of eyes had no detectable glaucomatous neurodegeneration). At this dose, nicotinamide had no influence on intraocular pressure and so its effect was neuroprotective. At the highest dose tested, 93% of eyes had no detectable glaucoma. This represents a ~10-fold decrease in the risk of developing glaucoma. At this dose, intraocular pressure still became elevated but there was a reduction in the degree of elevation showing an additional benefit. Thus, nicotinamide is unexpectedly potent at preventing this glaucoma and is an attractive option for glaucoma therapeutics. Our findings demonstrate the promise for both preventing and treating glaucoma by interventions that bolster metabolism during increasing age and during periods of elevated intraocular pressure. Nicotinamide prevents age-related declines in NAD (a decline that occurs in different genetic contexts and species). NAD precursors are reported to protect from a variety of neurodegenerative conditions. Thus, nicotinamide may provide a much needed neuroprotective treatment against human glaucoma. This manuscript summarizes human data implicating mitochondria in glaucoma, and argues for studies to further assess the safety and efficacy of nicotinamide in human glaucoma care.
In Vivo Noninvasive Measurement of Young’s Modulus of Elasticity in Human Eyes: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Sit Arthur J. , Lin Shuai-Chun , Kazemi Arash , McLaren Jay W. , Pruet Christopher M. , Zhang Xiaoming
Published: August 2017

Purpose:

Abnormal ocular biomechanical properties may be important for understanding the risk of glaucoma. However, there are no clinical methods for measuring standard material properties in patients. In this feasibility study we demonstrated proof-of-principle for a novel method, ultrasound surface wave elastography (USWE), to determine the in vivo Young’s modulus of elasticity of corneas in normal human eyes.

Methods:

In total, 20 eyes of 10 healthy subjects (mean age, 51.4±7.2; ±SD; range, 43 to 64 y) were studied. A spherical-tipped probe (3-mm diameter) was placed on closed eyelids and generated a gentle harmonic vibration at 100 Hz for 0.1 second. Wave speed propagation in the cornea was measured by USWE, and Young’s modulus was calculated from the wave speed. Associations between Young’s modulus and intraocular pressure (IOP), age, central corneal thickness, and axial length were explored by the Pearson correlation. Statistical significance was determined by using generalized estimating equation models to account for possible correlation between fellow eyes.

Results:

Mean IOP was 12.8±2.7 mm Hg. Mean wave speed in the cornea was 1.82±0.10 m/s. Young’s modulus of elasticity was 696±113 kPa and was correlated with IOP (r=0.57; P=0.004), but none of the other variables (P>0.1).

Conclusions:

USWE is a novel noninvasive technique for measuring ocular biomechanical properties. Corneal Young’s modulus in normal eyes is associated with IOP, consistent with measurements in cadaver eyes. Further work is needed to determine elasticity in other ocular tissues, particularly the sclera, and if elasticity is altered in glaucoma patients.
Fulminant Haemophilus Influenzae Type a Infection in a 4-year-old with Previously Undiagnosed Asplenic Heterotaxy
Authors: Headrick Andrew , Schmit Erinn O. , Kimberlin David W.
Published: August 2017

The post Hib-vaccine era has resulted in increased cases of invasive, non-Hib, Haemophilus influenzae infections. One of the encapsulated species, type a, displays the most similarity in virulence to type b. Our patient, a fully vaccinated 4-year-old female, with newly diagnosed asplenia in the setting of heterotaxy, had a prolonged hospital course with disseminated Haemophilus influenzae type a infection.
Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: D’Cunha Hannah C. , Rojas Mauricio
Published: August 2017

Lung transplant is the only therapy for several end-stage lung diseases; however, the number of donated lungs suitable for transplant is not sufficient, and hundreds of patients have died waiting for an organ. Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) has emerged as a new technology with the potential of reconditioning human donor lungs previously unsuitable for transplantation. Since the first successful transplant of a lung treated using EVLP in the year 2000, multiple clinical trials have demonstrated, in several transplant centers around the word, the feasibility and the potential of EVLP to increase the total number of lungs available for transplant.
Epilepsy and osteoporosis risk
Authors: Dussault Philip M. , Lazzari Antonio A.
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review

It is well-recognized that individuals with epilepsy have an increased risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures; this increased risk has been described to be secondary to an increased bone fragility and to an increased risk of falls. Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease which has been characterized by microarchitectural deterioration of trabecula and cortical bone mass with a decrease in bone mineral density and bone strength. Specific side effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) on bone metabolism have been identified; recent research publications further characterized some of the specific side effects of AEDs on bone metabolism. It is the purpose of this review to describe recent advances on the knowledge of the effects of AEDs on bone metabolism and the cause of osteoporosis in the field of epilepsy.

Recent findings

Recent literature demonstrates that the increased risk of fractures in the epileptic patient population is likely multifactorial and includes seizure activity, injuries from falls, decreased bone strength, adverse effects from AEDs. Reviewed publications suggest that the mechanism of adverse effects on bone metabolism may differ among different AEDs. The impact of vitamin D deficiency or its metabolism in the epileptic population has also been a concern of several reviewed publications.

This is a review is of the recent epilepsy and osteoporosis literature published over the past 18 months, highlighting reports and studies concerning the cause, pathogenesis, and possible preventive measures and effects of AEDs on changes of bone metabolism, bone loss, and development of osteoporosis. In addition, we also reviewed articles focusing on issues of prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in individuals with epilepsy. We utilized the search engines of PubMed and Cochrane Reviews from January 2016 to June 2017.
Regression of liver fibrosis over a 24-week period after completing direct-acting antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C receiving care within the national hepatitis C elimination program in Georgia: results of hepatology clinic HEPA experience
Authors: Dolmazashvili Ekaterine , Abutidze Akaki , Chkhartishvili Nikoloz , Karchava Marine , Sharvadze Lali , Tsertsvadze Tengiz
Published: August 2017

Objective

We assessed the impact of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy on liver fibrosis regression measured by transient elastography (TE) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection.

Patients and methods

A prospective cohort study was carried out in HCV monoinfected patients with advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis receiving interferon (IFN)-containing or IFN-free DAA therapy. Liver stiffness (LS) score more than 14.5 kPa indicated LS-defined cirrhosis. The primary outcome was improvement in liver stiffness measurement (LSM) at week 24 after treatment measured as (a) decrease in the median LS compared with baseline and (b) at least a 20% decrease in LSM compared with baseline. A multivariate logistic regression model was utilized to identify the factors associated with at least a 20% improvement in LSM.

Results

Of a total of 304 patients, 172 (56.6%) had LS-defined cirrhosis before treatment. LSM decreased from the baseline median value of 16.9 (interquartile range: 11.8–27.7) kPa to a post-treatment week 24 score of 11.9 (interquartile range: 8.2–20.9) kPa (P<0.0001). Of a total of 304 patients, 198 (65.1%) achieved at least a 20% reduction in LS. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, sustained virological response (SVR) was associated significantly with this reduction (P<0.0001). The addition of IFN to the treatment regimen had no impact on the decrease in LSM. Despite decreasing baseline LSM, more than half of the LS-defined cirrhotic patients remained cirrhotic at week 24 after treatment.

Conclusion

In patients with advanced fibrosis, pretreatment LS significantly reduced during DAA therapy. SVR was the only independent factor associated with the regression in LSM. However, irrespective of achieving SVR, liver damage still persisted in a substantial proportion of patients. Thus, early treatment of HCV-infected patients can significantly prevent residual liver damage.
Women’s Awareness of and Responses to Messages About Breast Cancer Overdiagnosis and Overtreatment
Authors: Nagler Rebekah H. , Franklin Fowler Erika , Gollust Sarah E.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Scientists, clinicians, and other experts aim to maximize the benefits of cancer screening while minimizing its harms. Chief among these harms are overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Although available data suggest that patient awareness of these harms is low, we know little about how patients respond to information about these phenomena.

Objectives:

Using the case of breast cancer screening, this study assesses women’s awareness of and reactions to statements about overdiagnosis and overtreatment.

Methods:

We draw on data from a 2016 population-based survey of US women aged 35–55 years that oversampled women of lower socioeconomic position (those living at or below 100% of federal poverty level) (N=429).

Results:

Results showed that women’s awareness of overdiagnosis (16.5%) and overtreatment (18.0%) was low, and women under age 40 were least likely to have heard about overdiagnosis. Most women did not evaluate statements about these harms positively: <1 in 4 agreed with and found statements about overdiagnosis and overtreatment to be believable, and even fewer evaluated them as strong arguments to consider in their own mammography decision making. Women with a recent mammogram history were particularly unconvinced by overdiagnosis and overtreatment arguments.

Conclusions:

A majority of women were unaware of 2 important harms of breast cancer screening: overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Most did not find statements about these harms to be believable and persuasive. Communication interventions, supported by evidence from health communication research, are necessary to improve patient understanding of screening’s harms, promote informed decision making, and, in turn, ensure high-value care.
Evaluation and management of cytomegalovirus-associated congenital hearing loss
Authors: Dobbie Allison M.
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review

The current article reviews the current literature related to congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)-related hearing loss. The discussion will focus on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and clinical presentation of human CMV infection as it pertains to hearing loss. Current methods of CMV diagnosis with a focus on the evolving trend toward broader neonatal screening protocols will also be explored. Discussion of medical, surgical, and audiologic management of the condition will also be addressed.

Recent findings

Much of the current research on this topic is focused on improving detection of CMV through screening programs. Some advances in understanding cochlear pathogenesis have also been made.

Congenital CMV infection remains an important cause of hearing loss in infants and children. Early detection of CMV infection can broaden treatment options and allow for improved hearing and language outcome for patients with CMV-associated sensorineural hearing loss.
Refractive Status in Nepalese Pre-Term and Full-Term Infants Early in Life
Authors: Uprety Samir , Morjaria Priya , Shrestha Jyoti B. , Shrestha Gauri S. , Khanal Safal
Published: August 2017

SIGNIFICANCE

This study suggests that pre-term infants, even without retinopathy of prematurity, are at risk for abnormal refractive development and informs the need for close monitoring of refractive error in such infants, regardless of their retinopathy of prematurity status.

PURPOSE

The present study aims to investigate the refractive error trend in Nepalese pre-term infants without retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the first 6 months of life and explore the association of refractive error with birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA).

METHODS

Thirty-six pre-term infants without ROP and 40 full-term infants underwent cycloplegic retinoscopy at birth, term (for pre-term only), 3 months, and 6 months chronologically. Refractive status was classified into emmetropia (mean spherical equivalent refraction [SER] 0 to +3.00D), myopia (SER < 0.00D), and significant hyperopia (SER > +3.00D). Refractive parameters at various age points were compared between the pre-term and full-term infants using general linear model repeated measures ANOVA.

RESULTS

At birth, the SER in the pre-term infants was +0.84 ± 1.72D; however, there was a shift toward myopia at 6 months of age (SER = −0.33 ± 1.95D). There was a significant difference in SER, astigmatism, and anisometropia between pre-term and full-term infants by 6 months of age (P< .01). Astigmatism and anisometropia showed an increasing trend with age in pre-term infants (P< .05 at 6 months) in contrast to a decreasing trend in full-term infants (P< 0.05 at 3 and 6 months). In pre-term infants, there was a statistically significant positive relationship between GA and SER (β= 0.32, R2= 17.6%,P< .05) but a negative relationship between BW and astigmatism (β =−1.25, R2= 20.6%,P< .01).

CONCLUSIONS

Pre-term infants who do not develop ROP show a trend toward increasing myopia and demonstrate greater astigmatism and anisometropia than full-term infants in their first 6 months of life.
Tonometry after Intrastromal Corneal Ring Segments for Keratoconus
Authors: Arribas-Pardo Paula , Mendez-Hernandez Carmen , Cuiña-Sardiña Ricardo , Benitez-del-Castillo José Manuel , Garcia-Feijoo Julian
Published: August 2017

SIGNIFICANCE

Reliable intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement after intrastromal corneal ring segments (ICRS) implantation is a challenge because of altered corneal morphology. In this study, IOP is measured with four tonometers, compared with Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) values and the influence of corneal parameters is established.

PURPOSE

This study compares IOP measurements made using different tonometers in patients implanted with ICRS and assesses the effects of central corneal thickness (CCT), corneal curvature, and corneal astigmatism on the IOP measurements obtained.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, IOP was measured using three different tonometers in 91 eyes of 91 patients with corneal ectasia implanted at least 6 months previously with ICRS. The tonometers tested were the TonoPen XL, Pascal dynamic contour tonometer (DCT), and iCare Pro rebound tonometer. GAT measurements were used as reference. Agreement among the IOPs provided by the different tonometers and the influence of corneal variables on the IOP measurements obtained were assessed using the Bland–Altman method, intraclass correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis.

RESULTS

Mean IOP differences were GAT versus TonoPen XL −0.8 ± 3.07 mm Hg, GAT versus DCT −1.0 ± 3.26 mm Hg, and GAT versus iCare Pro 0.8 ± 2.92 mm Hg. Our multiple linear regression analysis identified CCT as a confounding factor affecting all the tonometer readings but DCT-IOP.

CONCLUSIONS

In patients fitted with ICRS, IOP measurements made using the iCare Pro and TonoPen XL showed most agreement with GAT. Intraocular pressure measurements made by DCT were unaffected by corneal topographic factors though this procedure slightly overestimated GAT readings.
2016 Glenn A. Fry Award Lecture: Mechanisms and Potential Treatments of Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Fletcher Erica Lucy
Published: August 2017

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible vision loss in those older than 80 years. Understanding the mechanisms that cause this condition or its progression is critical for developing novel treatments. Here we summarize our studies evaluating the role of purine, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), in early AMD as well as photoreceptor loss and have also provided some insights to our investigations of a new laser treatment for those with early AMD. One of the receptors that are activated by ATP, P2X7, is expressed by neurons and immune cells and has a different function in each cell type. In neurons, P2X7 receptors form a ligand-gated ion channel, whereas on immune cells P2X7 receptors act as a scavenger receptor. These distinct functions have provided new insights to the mechanisms of AMD. On the one hand, high concentrations of ATP can cause photoreceptor death, most likely via stimulation of P2X7 receptors localized on photoreceptor terminals. On the other hand, P2X7 receptors mediate removal of dead and dying cells by monocytes. By understanding the fundamental cell biological changes that occur in patients and animal models of disease, we have uncovered mechanisms that may help us manage and treat patients in the future.
Effectiveness of a Group Physiotherapy Intervention in Nontraumatic, Inoperable Painful Shoulder
Authors: Asensio-García María del Rosario , Bernabeú-Casas Roberto Carlos , Palazón-Bru Antonio , Tomás-Rodríguez María Isabel , Nouni-García Rauf
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of a group intervention in painful shoulder.

Design

This was a two-arm controlled clinical trial with a 5-wk follow-up and 1:1 allocation ratio with pretreatment and posttreatment assessments in a Spanish hospital in 2015–2016. This study comprised 74 patients with nontraumatic, inoperable painful shoulder. Patients were randomized into two groups: (1) in intervention, patients underwent group rehabilitation exercises supervised by a physical therapist and (2) in control, patients performed the same exercises as the intervention group but in their own home. The main variables were the differences preintervention and postintervention between scores on the visual analog scale, Constant-Murley scale, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale. The mean differences in the main variables were compared between the two interventions (t test). Registration code is NCT02541279 (clinicaltrials.gov).

Results

Differences were found in favor of the intervention group: (1) visual analog scale = −0.1 (P = 0.723), (2) Constant-Murley = 4.1 (P = 0.085), and (3) Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand = 14.7 (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Relevant improvements were obtained with our intervention in the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scale.
Brief Report: Radiofrequency Ablation Therapy for Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Results From a Single-Center Prospective Pilot Study in HIV+ Participants
Authors: Goldstone Robert N. , Hasan Shirin R. , Goldstone Stephen E.
Published: August 2017

Background:

HIV-positive individuals have high incidence of anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) at the squamocolumnar junction (SCJ), which can progress to cancer. Focal radiofrequency ablation (RFA) treats HSIL, but metachronous recurrence remains high and may be improved with circumferential treatment.

Setting:

The study was performed at a single center.

Methods:

This was a prospective trial of circumferential anal RFA using Barrx 60 RFA focal catheters in participants with ≥1 anal SCJ HSIL. The entire SCJ was ablated by RFA. Adverse events (AEs), symptoms, including pain, and quality of life were assessed. High-resolution anoscopy assessed recurrences at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Lesion site biopsies occurred at month 12. Recurrences were retreated with focal RFA.

Results:

Ten male participants (9 HIV+), with a median 2 HSILs (range 2–8) each, enrolled. Median T-cell count and viral load were 730 cells/mcL and 38 copies/mL. Median duration of RFA treatment was 6.5 (5–13) minutes. Lesion persistence occurred in 4 participants (3 at 3 months, 1 at 6 months). Recurrence at a new site occurred in 1 participant at 3 months. No lesion persisted after retreatment. All participants were HSIL free and completely healed by 12 months. Two device-related mild AEs occurred in 1 participant each (thrombosed external hemorrhoid and soft anal scar; both resolved). No serious AEs occurred.

Conclusion:

Circumferential anal SCJ RFA produced total HSIL eradication with no more than 2 treatments. Circumferential RFA seems to be well tolerated with minimal pain and no serious AEs in HIV+ participants.

Clinicaltrials.gov:

NCT02189161.
Transnasal Endoscopic Resection of a Pleomorphic Adenoma Originate From Nasal Floor
Authors: Cho Yesun , Kim Yul Gyun , Shin Eunhye , Kim Boo-Young
Published: August 2017

A 81-year-old female presented to our hospital frequent epistaxis. Nasal endoscopy showed a mass obstructing nasal cavity completely and occupying middle meatus. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed, an about 4.8 × 4 × 4.2 cm sized heterogeneous T2 high signal intensity and T1 enhancing mass mainly involving right nasal cavity with invasion of right hard palate with bony destruction. Therefore, the authors planned to do endoscopic mass excision, under general anesthesia for diagnosis and treatment. The authors removed the mass from lateral nasal wall, nasal roof, nasal septum, medial maxillary wall by piece-meal. Margins of mass were clear except the nasal floor. So, the authors did frozen biopsy to confirm the clear margin in nasal floor. Endoscopy enables better visualization of tumor margins, facilitating complete removal and avoiding excessive resection and following up using good visualization.
Does Septoplasty Improve Heart Functions of Patients With Septum Deviation in Terms of Echocardiography Findings?
Authors: Sahin Murat Sertan , Ozmen Omer Afsin , Yalcin Muhammed Ulvi
Published: August 2017

Objective:

The authors aimed to determine pulmonary artery pressure and right heart functions in patients with nasal septum deviation (NSD) with echocardiography (EchoCG) and compare the postoperative changes of EchoCG parameters with preoperative findings.

Methods:

Seventy-six patients who underwent septoplasty composed the study group. Average age of patients was 23.50 ranging between 18 and 48 years of age. There were 53 males (69.7%) and 23 females (30.3%). Mean pulmonary artery pressure, tricuspid annular-plane systolic excursion, right ventricular diameter, and e/a ratio were measured by EchoCG preoperatively and same parameters were reobtained 3 months after surgery.

Results:

Mean pulmonary artery pressure reduced from 23.88 ± 6.36 to 19.80 ±3.95 mm Hg and tricuspid annular-plane systolic excursion increased from 22.36 ±3.85 to 23.57±3.00 3 months after surgery. It represented statistically significant improvement at right heart functions postoperatively (P < 0.001). Although they were not statistically significant, there was also some improvement in right ventricular diameter and e/a ratio values postoperatively.

Conclusion:

Nasal septum deviation was associated with higher PAP values, which were improved after surgery. Although at a lower extent, a negative effect of NSD on right heart functions was also suspected. Thus, treatment of NSD without delay was proposed, not only to treat the nasal symptoms but possible future cardiovascular complications as well.
Levator Aponeurosis and Muller Muscle Plication Reinforced With Levator Sheath Advancement for Blepharoptosis Correction
Authors: Byun Jin Suk , Hwang Kun , Lee Sang Yun , Kim Hak Tae , Kim Kenneth
Published: August 2017

The authors innovated the levator aponeurosis and Muller muscle plication reinforced with levator sheath advancement (AMPSA) for blepharoptosis correction. The orbital septum was opened 1 mm above its fusion with the levator aponeurosis. The preaponeurotic fat was retracted and the thickened part of the levator sheath was identified. Two plication sutures were made: medial suture at the medial border of the pupil and lateral between the lateral border of the pupil and the lateral limbus. A needle with 6-0 nylon thread first bit the tarsal plate approximately 1 mm below its upper border, then bit the levator aponeurosis and the Muller muscle together at 3 to 6 mm above the upper border of the tarsal plate. The needle bit 1 to 3 mm of the thickened part of the levator sheath and the suture was tied. A total of 116 eyes were operated on using levator aponeurosis and Muller muscle plication (AMP), and 79 eyes using AMPSA. The mean follow-up period was 11.4 months. In the AMP group, the postoperative marginal reflex distance-1 (MRD-1) (3.8 ± 0.2 mm) was significantly greater than the preoperative MRD-1 (2.7 ± 0.3 mm) (P < 0.001). In the AMPSA group, the postoperative MRD-1 (3.5 ± 0.3 mm) was also significantly greater than the preoperative MRD-1 (1.7 ± 0.4 mm) (P < 0.001). The improvement in MRD-1 was greater in the AMPSA group (1.7 ± 0.4 mm) than in the AMP group (1.1 ± 0.3 mm) (P < 0.001). The difference in the MRD-1 outcome between AMPSA and AMP (0.6 mm) was obtained by advancing the thickened part of the levator sheath. AMPSA may be an effective procedure for correcting blepharoptosis.
Cervical Necrotizing Fasciitis of Odontogenic Origin and Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
Authors: Inan Caner Hakki , Yener Haydar Murat , Yilmaz Mehmet , Gözen Emine Deniz , Erdur Zülküf Burak , Oroğlu Bengüsu , Olcay Eren , Memmedova Nermin
Published: August 2017

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an infection of the soft tissues pathology with high mortality that spreads through the fascial planes and rarely seen in head and neck region. The cause of infection is often odontogenic problems. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, surgical debridement, and hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) are important for the treatment of disease. We report a case of cervical NF in a 33-year-old woman who was treated with rapid surgical debridement and simultaneous HBO.
Differential Diagnosis of Intramuscular Schwannoma of the Craniocervical Region
Authors: Jeong Yeon Jin , Ko Hyo-Sun , Shim Hyung-Sup
Published: August 2017

Schwannomas in the head and neck are a relatively common condition. However, intramuscular schwannomas in the craniocervical region are extremely rare. The preoperative consideration of schwannomas is very important to preserve adjacent circulation and nerve function during the surgery in this area. Moreover, the treatment and preoperative evaluation of this condition is not firmly established in the past literatures. The authors successfully managed the intramuscular schwannoma in the craniocervical region, and provide the differential diagnoses with appropriate treatments.
A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Phase III Trial of Selegiline Monotherapy for Early Parkinson Disease
Authors: Mizuno Yoshikuni , Hattori Nobutaka , Kondo Tomoyoshi , Nomoto Masahiro , Origasa Hideki , Takahashi Ryosuke , Yamamoto Mitsutoshi , Yanagisawa Nobuo
Published: August 2017

Background

In Japan, selegiline has been approved for combination therapy with levodopa for Parkinson disease (PD). We conducted a trial of selegiline monotherapy for early PD.

Methods

In this 12-week controlled phase III trial, a total of 292 subjects were randomized to receive placebo (n = 146) (full analysis set 140) or selegiline (n = 146) (full analysis set 139). The primary outcome measure was the change in the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale part I + II + III total score from baseline to the final visit. Other secondary measures and a safety profile were evaluated.

Results

Selegiline monotherapy reduced the primary outcome measure by −6.26 ± 7.86 compared with the placebo −3.14 ± 6.98 (mean ± SD, P = 0.0005 by analysis of covariance). There was no significant difference in the number of adverse events between the 2 groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Selegiline monotherapy reduced the total Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale part I + II + III score and was well tolerated in Japanese patients with early PD.
Nucleosome remodelling, DNA repair and transcriptional regulation build negative feedback loops in cancer and cellular ageing
Authors: Watanabe Reiko , Kanno Shin-ichiro , Mohammadi Roushandeh Amaneh , Ui Ayako , Yasui Akira
Published: August 2017

Nucleosome remodelling (NR) regulates transcription in an ATP-dependent manner, and influences gene expression required for development and cellular functions, including those involved in anti-cancer and anti-ageing processes. ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodelling factor (ACF) and Brahma-associated factor (BAF) complexes, belonging to the ISWI and SWI/SNF families, respectively, are involved in various types of DNA repair. Suppression of several BAF factors makes U2OS cells significantly sensitive to X-rays, UV and especially to cisplatin, and these BAF factors contribute to the accumulation of repair proteins at various types of DNA damage and to DNA repair. Recent cancer genome sequencing and expression analysis has shown that BAF factors are frequently mutated or, more frequently, silenced in various types of cancer cells. Thus, those cancer cells are potentially X-ray- and especially cisplatin-sensitive, suggesting a way of optimizing current cancer therapy. Recent single–stem cell analysis suggests that mutations and epigenetic changes influence stem cell functionality leading to cellular ageing. Genetic and epigenetic changes in the BAF factors diminish DNA repair as well as transcriptional regulation activities, and DNA repair defects in turn negatively influence NR and transcriptional regulation. Thus, they build negative feedback loops, which accelerate both cellular senescence and transformation as common and rare cellular events, respectively, causing cellular ageing.

This article is part of the themed issue ‘Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling’.
Rational cell culture optimization enhances experimental reproducibility in cancer cells
Authors: Muelas Marina Wright , Ortega Fernando , Breitling Rainer , Bendtsen Claus , Westerhoff Hans V.
Published: August 2017

Optimization of experimental conditions is critical in ensuring robust experimental reproducibility. Through detailed metabolomic analysis we found that cell culture conditions significantly impacted on glutaminase (GLS1) sensitivity resulting in variable sensitivity and irreproducibility in data.

Baseline metabolite profiling highlighted that untreated cells underwent significant changes in metabolic status. Both the extracellular levels of glutamine and lactate and the intracellular levels of multiple metabolites changed drastically during the assay. We show that these changes compromise the robustness of the assay and make it difficult to reproduce.

We then devised ‘metabolically rationalized standard’ assay conditions, in which glutaminase-1 inhibition reduced glutamine metabolism differently in both cell lines assayed, and decreased the proliferation of one of them. The adoption of optimized conditions such as the ones described here should lead to an improvement in reproducibility and help eliminate false negatives as well as false positives in these assays.
On the relationship between instantaneous phase synchrony and correlation-based sliding windows for time-resolved fMRI connectivity analysis
Authors: Pedersen Mangor , Omidvarnia Amir , Zalesky Andrew , Jackson Graeme D.
Published: August 2017

Correlation-based sliding window analysis (CSWA) is the most commonly used method to estimate time-resolved functional MRI (fMRI) connectivity. However, instantaneous phase synchrony analysis (IPSA) is gaining popularity mainly because it offers single time-point resolution of time-resolved fMRI connectivity. We aim to provide a systematic comparison between these two approaches, on both temporal and topological levels.

For this purpose, we used resting-state fMRI data from two separate cohorts with different temporal resolutions (45 healthy subjects from Human Connectome Project fMRI data with repetition time of 0.72 s and 25 healthy subjects from a separate validation fMRI dataset with a repetition time of 3 s). For time-resolved functional connectivity analysis, we calculated tapered CSWA over a wide range of different window lengths that were temporally and topologically compared to IPSA.

We found a strong association in connectivity dynamics between IPSA and CSWA when considering the absolute values of CSWA. This association peaked at a CSWA window length of ∼20 seconds, irrespective of the sampling rate of the underlying fMRI data. Narrow-band filtering of fMRI data (0.03-0.07 Hz) yielded a stronger relationship between IPSA and CSWA than wider-band (0.01-0.1 Hz). On a topological level, time-averaged IPSA and CSWA nodes were non-linearly correlated, mainly because nodes with strong negative correlations (CSWA) displayed high phase synchrony (IPSA).

Our results suggest that IPSA and CSWA provide comparable characterizations of time-resolved fMRI connectivity for appropriately chosen window lengths. Although IPSA requires narrow-band fMRI filtering, we recommend the use of IPSA given that it does not mandate a (semi-)arbitrary choice of window length and window overlap. A MATLAB code for calculating IPSA is provided.
Common features in plastic changes rather than constructed structures in recurrent neural network prefrontal cortex models
Authors: Kuroki Satoshi , Isomura Takuya
Published: August 2017

We have flexible control over our cognition depending on the context or surrounding environments. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) controls this cognitive flexibility; however, the detailed underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent developments in machine learning techniques have allowed simple recurrent neural network PFC models to perform human- or animal-like behavioral tasks. These systems allow us to acquire parameters, which we could not in biological experiments, for performing the tasks. We compared four models, in which a flexible cognition task, called context-dependent integration task, was performed; subsequently, we searched for common features. In all the models, we observed that high plastic synapses were concentrated in the small neuronal population and the more concentrated neuronal units contributed further to the performance. However, there were no common properties in the constructed structures. These results suggest that plastic changes can be more general and important to accomplish cognitive tasks than features of the constructed structures.
Development of High-Throughput Screening Assays for Inhibitors of ETS Transcription Factors
Authors: Currie Simon L. , Warner Stephen L. , Vankayalapati Hariprasad , Liu Xiao-Hui , Sharma Sunil , Bearss David J. , Graves Barbara J.
Published: August 2017

ETS transcription factors from the ERG and ETV1/4/5 subfamilies are overexpressed in the majority of prostate cancer patients and contribute to disease progression. Here, we develop twoin vitroassays for the interaction of ETS transcription factors with DNA that are amenable for high throughput screening. Using ETS1 as a model, these assays were applied to screen 110 compounds derived from a high-throughput virtual screen. We find that the use of lower affinity DNA-binding sequences, similar to those which ERG and ETV1 bind to in prostate cells, allowed for higher inhibition from many of these test compounds. Further pilot experiments demonstrated that thein vitroassays are robust for ERG, ETV1, and ETV5, three of the ETS transcription factors that are overexpressed in prostate cancer.
Human macrophages survive and adopt activated genotypes in living zebrafish
Authors: Paul Colin D , Devine Alexus , Bishop Kevin , Xu Qing , Wulftange William J , Burr Hannah , Daly Kathryn M , Lewis Chaunte , Green Daniel S , Staunton Jack R , Choksi Swati , Liu Zheng-Gang , Sood Raman , Tanner Kandice
Published: August 2017

The inflammatory response, modulated both by tissue resident macrophages and recruited monocytes from peripheral blood, plays a critical role in human diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we sought a model to interrogate human immune behaviorin vivo. We determined that primary human monocytes and macrophages survive in zebrafish for up to two weeks. Flow cytometry revealed that human monocytes cultured at the physiological temperature of the zebrafish survive and differentiate comparable to cohorts cultured at human physiological temperature. Moreover, key genes that encode for proteins that play a role in tissue remodeling were also expressed. Human cells migrated within multiple tissues at speeds comparable to zebrafish macrophages. Analysis of gene expression ofin vivoeducated human macrophages confirmed expression of activated macrophage phenotypes. Here, human cells adopted phenotypes relevant to cancer progression, suggesting that we can define the real time immune modulation of human tumor cells during the establishment of a metastatic lesion in zebrafish.
Tracing the color line in the American music market and its effect on contemporary music marketing
Authors: Barretta Paul G.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an in-depth consideration of the color line in the US music market, much deeper treatment than that of a superficial social construct.

Design/methodology/approach

Content analysis was performed using archives from the Performing Arts Division of the New York Public Library.

Findings

A complex intersection of social and capitalist influences is fueled by culture and economics, filtered through the contributions of artists and media. Six major categories: social, media, artist, culture, industry, and economics contribute to its development and propagation. It continues to affect contemporary music markets.

Research limitations/implications

Interpretation of archival data is subject to availability of material and subjectivity of the researcher. Steps were taken to minimize bias. The research implies an opportunity for the US music market to celebrate diversity and social justice.

Practical implications

Focusing on the symbolic use of music, marketers have the opportunity to empower consumers to embrace diversity, reversing the trajectory of the color line.

Social implications

Embracing cultural heritage and celebrating diversity can promote economic gain without detriment to cultural interests.

Originality/value

The present research provides a much deeper consideration of the color line in the American Music Market than previous literature does. The consideration includes a combination of forces, from profit focused to cultural.
Socioeconomic development in the context of Uruguay: a knowledge-based approach
Authors: Duarte Alonso Abel
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this exploratory study is to examine the relevance and impact of knowledge in the context of Uruguay’s present and future socioeconomic development through the lens of the knowledge-based theory of the firm (KBTF).

Design/methodology/approach

The perspectives of 47 key informants, predominantly representatives of public and private Uruguayan institutions, including chambers of commerce and producer associations, were gathered through unstructured, face-to-face interviews.

Findings

Aligned with the KBTF, the significance of tacit knowledge, complemented with explicit knowledge, was revealed, particularly in the more traditional industries. Indeed, industry-based (tacit) knowledge evolving for generations has been strengthened by innovative practices, enhancing the appeal and image of key commodities and the nation’s exports. Additional elements highlighted in the KBTF, such as problem-solving, knowledge integration and application and knowledge specialisation, were identified.

Originality/value

Essentially, the study highlights the different associations between the KBTF, the various forms of acquiring knowledge (tacit, explicit), innovation and resulting impacts on food quality and increased product recognition for a developing economy. Moreover, the findings, which illustrate that crucial improvements can be achieved through knowledge-based approaches, could also be considered in the context of other emerging economies that are aiming to attain further socioeconomic development through maximising the benefits of knowledge. In addition, the study addresses a theme that has been sporadically presented in the academic literature, especially when studying developing economies and their industries.
Identifying key success factors in supply chain management for increasing the competitive advantages of Vietnamese coffee
Authors: Nguyen Thich Van , Nguyen Nam Cao , Bosch Ockie J.H.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to identify the leverage points in the Vietnamese coffee supply chain (SC) that would be used for increasing competitive advantages of the product.

Design/methodology/approach

A sequential approach by combining two established modelling techniques (causal loop diagram and Bayesian belief networks) was applied to identify the leverage points in the Vietnamese coffee SC for increasing the competitive advantages of the product. Data for the study were collected from a series of workshops and in-depth interviews with numerous relevant stakeholders of the coffee industry in the central highland of Vietnam.

Findings

The systems’ archetypes were developed and a sensitivity analysis was conducted to identify potential factors that can increase the competitive advantages of coffee production. The results indicate that higher investment in all elements of the coffee SC will lead to an enhanced competitive advantage.

Originality/value

Supply chain management (SCM) has become a potentially valuable method for improving competitive advantages, as competition is no longer only between organizations but also among SCs. Therefore, this research focus on enhancing the competitive advantages of production via SCM.