bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety of railway transport of dangerous cargo
Authors: Jovanović Dragutin , Avramović Zoran Ž. , Arsić Siniša , Arsić Miloš
Published: March 2020

By railway, according to its technological characteristics, the respective amounts of dangerous cargo are being transported. Numerous hazards for people, assets and environment during the dangerous railway cargo transport processes, are expressed in the case of an extraordinary case or any other mismanagement, where the transport becomes risky, but the same risk is an opportunity for improvements if it’s recognized on the way and measures are defined and established for its management. For achieving safety goals within transport of dangerous cargo, it means minimizing the number of extraordinary circumstances and overall consequences with undisturbed transport process support, it’s necessary to manage and to work constantly on the safety improvements. In the safety management process, the whole railroad staff must take part according to the work duties, responsibilities and competences.
Effects of Lifestyle on Cholesterol and Blood Sugar Levels
Authors: Jekić Bojan , Mihajlović Branislav , Bajić Gordan
Published: March 2020

Increased levels of cholesterol and blood sugar are public health problems that are increasingly important, because they cause micro and macro complications. In order to prevent this condition, terms of modifying the style of life and eating habits need to be changed. This paper has determinated the way in which the effect of a lifestyle reduces cholesterol and blood sugar levels, with a particular emphasis on the effect that diet and modern lifestyle have on diabetes, that is, on the increase in cholesterol levels. The aim of the paper is to highlight problems that arise from increased levels of cholesterol and blood sugar, but also to present possible solutions to these problems, or to improve the condition of patients. The research was carried out on a sample of 80 respondents from the Republic of Srpska, where the respondents were divided into two groups (experimental group and control group). Respondents from the experimental group had, before and after a 30-day application of a health diet, measured values of cholesterol and blood sugar.
Food Flavour as Influence Factor for Balanced Diet for Children
Authors: Popović Jovana , Grbić Slaven , Milošević Miloš , Ilić Radovan , Kilibarda Nataša
Published: March 2020

Athiology of some health disorders and diseases, such as obesity, cardio vascular diseases, diabetes and malignant diseases, can be linked to unbalanced diet started from the earliest days of life. For that reasons, it is very important to adopt proper diet patterns from the earliest days of life. There are few factors influencing choice of food. Food flavoure is one among them. Understanding mechanisms, which later make influence how to accept or reject some food in children, in intrauterine development phase, and after birth period, is of vital significance when we create healthy habbits for children and adult diets.
Development and tendencies of education of nurses-technicians in the process of reforming the educational system of the Republic of Serbia // Razvoj i tendencije obrazovanja medicinskih sestara-tehničara u procesu reformi obrazovnog sistema Republike Srbije
Authors: Dabić Marijana , Vukoje Jovan
Published: March 2020

Education of nurses in Serbia as in developed countries must follow the development and needs of the health system. This is still very difficult to implement because of the multi-week ‘hyperproduction’ of healthcare staff, and insufficiently basic systematization of jobs, mismatch of professional titles, as well as the ever more intensive departure of our healthcare workers abroad, primarily in the countries of the European Union. Also, the development of society, the political and economic situation, significantly disturb the development of sisterly practice as well as education that plays a key role.The issue of education and harmonization with European standards also entails the question of the competencies and competencies of teaching staff dealing with the education of future nurses, which still, at least in terms of secondary education, shows quite a strong resistance to change.The results of this research indicate that reforming the educational system in Serbia is present in higher education of nurses while in secondary education continues to stagnate. There is no complete harmonization of the education system with respect to the lesson of hours, the structure of study programs, or the unique nomenclature of vocational titles.The level of the pre-term for enrollment in the secondary medical school as well as the continuation of education is incompatible with European frameworks and makes it difficult to integrate into the European system of secondary education.Teaching and study programs are not fully comparable to the European ones, except for ESPB credits and study levels.There is a tendency for the development of nursing education in Serbia, but there is only partial preparation of nursing teachers in terms of upgrading professional titles and competences for the new education system.
Young Athletes Upper Knee Muscular Strength Isokinetic Testing / Izokinetičko testiranje snage natkolene muskulature mladih sportista
Authors: Đukić Branko , Mirković Mane , Vujanović Snežana , Strajnić Branislav
Published: March 2020

This research main goal is to determine differences in maximum upper knee musculature torque moment of judo, football and handball players. For the needs of the research, 30 respondents were tested, of which 10 were football, 10 handball players and 10 judo athletes. Testing was conducted in Isokinetic Diagnostic Cabinet of the Provincial Institute for Sports and Sports Medicine in Novi Sad on the isokinetic dynamometer “Easytech prima DOC”. Significant differences were noted in the maximum torque moment of both legs extensors force (PTQR, PTQL) between judo athletes and football players, in favor of judo. Obtained results between observed groups can be attributed to the various sports branches training processes specificities, i.e. performing certain techniques in the sport itself
The Reasons Why Young People Avoid Engaging in Sports and Athletic Activities / Razlozi zbog kojih mladi izbjegavaju da se bave sportom i sportskim aktivnostima
Authors: Vojvodić Milenko , Simović Slobodan , Paspalj Darko
Published: March 2020

This paper mainly refers to attitudes about the reasons for the avoidance of sports and sports activities of young people who have never been involved in these activities. In this survey involving 226 university and high school students, 110 stated that they had never been involved in sport or any sporting activities. They are surely the most reputed to answer these questions. Of the offered reasons (causes) that are responsible for avoiding and non-participation in sports and sports activities, in the first place is the lack of interest which is stated by about 90% of the respondents. Secondly, the reason why respondents do not deal with sports and sports activities are the obligations at school and at the faculty, and this was confirmed by 85% of respondents. Laziness follows, about this they were very self-critical and sincere, confirming in a percentage of 84.5% that this was one of the reasons for their abstinence from sports and sports activities. Immediately behind laziness are television, there are computers and cell phones with about 80%, and so on. The results showed that male and female, then smokers and non-smokers, do not differ significantly in attitudes about these reasons. It is the same with those who consume, occasionally consume and do not consume alcohol. There is a partial difference between high school students and university students in attitudes to some causes, as well as between those who live in the city, suburban village and village.
The Effects of Plyometric Training on Motor Skills of Top Volleyball Players / Efekti pliometrijskog treninga na motoričke sposobnosti vrhunskih odbojkaša
Authors: Dragosavljević Slavko , Mitrović Nebojša , Stević Dalibor
Published: March 2020

The plyometric method is ranked among the most commonly used methods for fitness volleyball training. It leads to the development of explosive strength and reactive velocity of the muscular system based on improving the CNS response and the power required to absorb the stress when landing. The study was of longitudinal type, involving two measurements, an initial measurement for all subjects to determine the initial level of motor ability, and a final measurement where the effects of the experimental program were studied after a programmed experimental process to develop specific motor skills of the analyzed sample of subjects. The entire study was conducted on a sample of 72 senior subjects, which were divided into two sub-samples, one sub-sample comprised of the experimental group and the other comprising the control group. The primary objective of the research was to test the influence and effect of special treatment of kinesiological activities based on plyometric exercises on the motor skills of the subjects.
Uloga klastera u savremenom obrazovanju u oblasti bioekonomije
Authors: Obradović Ana P. , Stanković Jelena S. , Kostić Marija D.
Published: March 2020

Razvoj konkurentnosti na Evropskom i svetskomtržištu doveo je do pojave klastera kao oblika povezivanjakompanija iz srodnih delatnosti sa naučno-istraživačkiminstitucijama. Ideja klastera je da podstiču saradnju, ali ikonkurentnost i specijalizaciju u određenoj oblasti. Značajnuulogu u formiranju klastera ima sektor obrazovanja, tačnijevisokoškolske ustanove. Kroz obrazovanje grade sevisokokvalifikovani stučnjaci koji predstavljaju temelj zaorganizovanje i formiranje klastera. Intelektualni kapital kaoskup svih znanja unutar jedne organizacije, učestvuje uobrazovanju zaposlenih, i doprinosi građenju konkurentskeprednosti organizacije. Budući stručnjaci bi trebalo da raspolažutakozvanim intelektualnim materijalom u obliku informacija,iskustva, znanja itd, na osnovu kojih se ostvaruje konkurentnost.Cilj ovog rada bio je ukazivanje na značaj i potencijalvisokoškolskih ustanova u kreiranju klastera u Republici Srbiji.Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 8 državnih i 9 privatnihUniverziteta u okviru kojih se nalazi ukupno 95 državnih,odnosno 57 privatnih fakulteta. Rezultati istraživanja pokazujuda se veliki potencijal za razvoj klastera nalazi upravo u okviruuniverziteta. Posebno se izdvajaju pojedine oblasti u razvoju izsfere bioekonomije, kao što su ekologija i zaštita životne sredine,koje postaju sve značajnije privatnim i državnim univerzitetimau Srbiji, i izučavaju se kroz module.
Genetic inactivation of mTORC1 or mTORC2 in neurons reveals distinct functions in glutamatergic synaptic transmission
Authors: McCabe Matthew P , Cullen Erin R , Barrows Caitlynn M , Shore Amy N , Tooke Katherine I , Laprade Kathryn A , Stafford James M , Weston Matthew C
Published: March 2020

Although mTOR signaling is known as a broad regulator of cell growth and proliferation, in neurons it regulates synaptic transmission, which is thought to be a major mechanism through which altered mTOR signaling leads to neurological disease. Although previous studies have delineated postsynaptic roles for mTOR, whether it regulates presynaptic function is largely unknown. Moreover, the mTOR kinase operates in two complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, suggesting that mTOR’s role in synaptic transmission may be complex-specific. To better understand their roles in synaptic transmission, we genetically inactivated mTORC1 or mTORC2 in cultured mouse glutamatergic hippocampal neurons. Inactivation of either complex reduced neuron growth and evoked EPSCs (eEPSCs), however, the effects of mTORC1 on eEPSCs were postsynaptic and the effects of mTORC2 were presynaptic. Despite postsynaptic inhibition of evoked release, mTORC1 inactivation enhanced spontaneous vesicle fusion and replenishment, suggesting that mTORC1 and mTORC2 differentially modulate postsynaptic responsiveness and presynaptic release to optimize glutamatergic synaptic transmission.
Tumors attenuating the mitochondrial activity in T cells escape from PD-1 blockade therapy
Authors: Kumar Alok , Chamoto Kenji , Chowdhury Partha S , Honjo Tasuku
Published: March 2020

PD-1 blockade therapy has revolutionized cancer treatments. However, a substantial population of patients is unresponsive. To rescue unresponsive patients, the mechanism of unresponsiveness to PD-1 blockade therapy must be elucidated. Using a ‘bilateral tumor model’ where responsive and unresponsive tumors were inoculated into different sides of the mouse belly, we demonstrated that unresponsive tumors can be categorized into two groups: with and without systemic immunosuppressive property (SIP). The SIP-positive tumors released uncharacterized, non-proteinaceous small molecules that inhibited mitochondrial activation and T cell proliferation. By contrast, the SIP-negative B16 tumor escaped from immunity by losing MHC class I expression. Unresponsiveness of SIP-positive tumors was partially overcome by improving the mitochondrial function with a mitochondrial activator; this was not successful for B16, which employs immune ignorance. These results demonstrated that the ‘bilateral tumor model’ was useful for stratifying tumors to investigate the mechanism of unresponsiveness and develop a strategy for proper combination therapy.
Mapping the ancestry of primates
Authors: Martínez Ignacio , Conde-Valverde Mercedes
Published: March 2020

Structures in the inner ear can help determine the evolutionary relationship between extinct and living primates.
Helicobacter pylori and Hematologic Diseases
Authors: Jee Sam Ryong
Published: March 2020

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative spiral bacterium, classified as a group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organization. H. pylori infection is a major cause of gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers, and gastric cancer. It is associated with the pathogenesis of several hematologic diseases. H. pylori eradication has been proven effective in gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma and primary immune thrombocytopenia. As H. pylori causes iron deficiency anemia via several mechanisms, some recent guidelines recommended its eradication from patients with iron deficiency anemia. There are discussions of other conditions that are not included in the international consensus and management guides on H. pylori, including monoclonal gammopathy, myelodysplastic syndrome, childhood leukemia, coagulation disorder, megaloblastic anemia, pernicious anemia, plasma cell dyscrasia, and Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Further studies are required to establish new strategies to improve the management of patients with an infection combined with a hematologic disease of controversial or peculiar association.
Аденозиновые рецепторы: история великого обмана, "Природа"
Authors: Куракин Георгий Федорович
Published: March 2020

Для бодрости мы обычно пьем кофе, а чтобы успокоиться - настойку валерианы. Но как мы чувствуем, что устали и пора отдохнуть Об этом нам «сообщают» аденозиновые рецепторы - белки, которые связывают аденозин и сигнализируют клеткам головного мозга, что пора спать, а клеткам сердца, что надо менее энергично качать кровь. Кроме того, эти белки регулируют множество других биохимических процессов, поэтому стали популярной мишенью у молекулярных фармакологов и биоинформатиков, которые занимаются поиском новых лекарственных средств, активирующих или блокирующих аденозиновые рецепторы. Однако содержащиеся в растениях флавоноиды и валепотриаты совершенно не похожи на аденозин. Как им удается обманывать наши аденозиновые рецепторы и связываться с ними Ответ на этот вопрос удалось получить с помощью компьютерного моделирования взаимодействия этих соединений с рецептором методом гибкого докинга.
Ифигения в Тавриде: среди стихий, "Природа"
Authors: Никонов Андрей Алексеевич
Published: March 2020

На основе древнегреческого мифа и текста трагедии Еврипида «Ифигения в Тавриде» в статье рассматриваются ранее не привлекавшие внимания исследователей эпизоды, соотносимые с землетрясением и цунами. Используются опубликованные материалы ученых-естественников и собственные автора по особенностям рельефа, геологии и сейсмологии Юго-Западного Крыма. Это позволило локализовать события Античности у современного мыса Фиолент, где с IX в. находится известный Георгиевский монастырь. По разным источникам за письменный период восстанавливаются проявления исторических землетрясений и цунами. Цель этих изысканий - попытаться найти аналогии с подобными событиями в Античности на том же участке побережья. Приводятся аргументы в пользу вероятного отнесения землетрясения и цунами, описанных в трагедии «Ифигения в Тавриде», к известному по раскопкам в соседнем Херсонесе мощному землетрясению 485 г до н.э. и связанному с ним цунами на Тендровской косе на северо-западе Черного моря. Очаг древнейшего землетрясения и цунами соотносятся с Севастопольской сейсмогенной зоной.
Искусство флорентийской мозаики в Российской империи, "Природа"
Authors: Прыгов Вадим Игнатиевич , Беляков Андрей Юрьевич
Published: March 2020

Искусство флорентийской мозаики в Российской империи прошло этап ученичества и обрело мировую славу в течение исторически ничтожно короткого промежутка времени. Столь стремительный триумф был обусловлен работой гениально одаренных мастеров, императорским покровительством и богатейшим разнообразием природного цветного камня. Основным центром искусства флорентийской мозаики в России суждено было стать Императорской Петергофской гранильной фабрике. Этому способствовало ее близкое расположение к столице, возможность работы на привозном камнесамоцветном материале, быстрое освоение мастерами передовых технологий, высокая компетентность художественного руководства и проектирования, «высочайшие заказы». Новая для России отрасль художественного ремесла стала для государства предметом особой гордости. Мозаичные работы Петергофской фабрики второй половины XIX в. экспонировались на международных и отечественных выставках, были удостоены почетных наград, принесли ей мировую известность и славу. До наших дней они дошли в очень небольшом количестве. Однако сохранившиеся работы, а также известные по архивным фотографиям и графическим воспроизведениям, наглядно свидетельствуют о роскоши, великолепии и технической безупречности этой грани рафинированной придворной культуры.
Нобелевская премия по химии 2019 года - за разработку литий-ионных батарей, "Природа"
Authors: Антипов Е.В. , Дрожжин О.А.
Published: March 2020

Лауреатами Нобелевской премии по химии 2019 г. стали американец Джон Гуденаф, британец Стэнли Уиттингем и японец Акира Ёсино. В этой статье рассказывается о сути их открытий, а также о нынешнем положении дел в области технологий литий!ионных аккумуляторов.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Ethanolamine-Cashew Nut Shell Liquid Products as Crude Oil Emulsion Breakers
Authors: Victor-Oji C. O. , Chukwu U. J. , Akaranta O.
Published: March 2020

Cashew Nut Shell Liquid (CNSL), a natural phenolic liquid, was extracted from cashew nut shells using acetone and derivatized using Ethanolamine (EA) and Diethanolamine (DEA) in varying molar ratios via a one-pot process into anacardic acid-based ethanolamine esters and evaluated for use as crude oil emulsion breakers. The CNSL extract was characterized for its physico-chemical properties, FTIR spectral analysis for CNSL and the derivatives confirmed its chemical modification. Medium heavy crude and seawater sampled and characterized with ASTM standards were used in producing laboratory-simulated crude oil emulsions at varying crude oil: water mixing ratios of 90:10, 70:30 and 50:50. Performance of the anacardic acid-based CNSL extract and derivatives as demulsifiers were evaluated based on variation in dosage (10 ppm – 50 ppm), water content (10%, 30% and 50%), and solvent types (xylene and butanol, BuOH) at 60℃ within a 3-hr period via bottle testing. The performance of effective demulsifier formulations were compared with a commercial demulsifier, Phase Treat-4633, PT-4633, under similar conditions. Results obtained showed that water separation increases with demulsifier concentration and emulsion water content respectively, though water seperation varied among the demulsifiers as concentration and water content increased. PT-4633 in butanol achieved efficient water separation with an optimal seperation (100%) observed after 5 minutes at 40 ppm and 50 ppm, 50% and 60℃. In conclusion, the evaluated ethanolamine-CNSL products possess emulsion breaking potential using BuOH as solvent at shorter times. This behaviour may be due to the synergetic effect of BuOH as a solvent, thus, BuOH should be considered as solvent substitute for xylene due to low cost and toxicity levels, unlike xylene which is toxic and expensive.
Probiotics as a Biocontrol Agent in Management of Post Harvest Diseases of Mango
Authors: Greeshma K. , Deokar C. D. , Raghuwanshi K. S. , Bhalerao V. K.
Published: March 2020

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the most important horticultural crop in Maharashtra as well as in India. However, this crop is well acclimatized to tropical and subtropical climatic regions. Post harvest losses caused by micro organisms are reported as from 30 to 35% losses with reduction in quality and quantity of marketable fruits and accounts for millions of dollars in perishable produce every year. Over the years, the plant protection was achieved by use of synthetic chemicals. However, use of probiotics for control of post harvest diseases has taken momentum in recent years in management of post harvest plant pathogens. The post harvest pathogens like Colletotrichum, Alternaria, Aspergillus, can be checked by post harvest probiotic sprays. Which include use of commercial probiotics (Prowel,Flora and Vbact) and Probiotic isolates, which are isolated and cultured from curd, fermented dosa material, fermented jowar and bajra flour.

The studies on use of probiotics in the management of post-harvest diseases of mango conducted at Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeet, Rahuri, Ahmednagar during the period 2017-2019. suggest that the post-harvest pathogens particularly Colletotrichum, Alternaria can be managed as a post-harvest pathogen by sprays of probiotics under in-vitro conditions when the load of inoculums of these post-harvest pathogens are less on the fruits and the probiotic spray resulted in increase in the TSS (Total Soluble Sugars) brix (0.8-3.2) in the fruits and also be used to increase the shelf life of the fruits and to keep them as fresh for long time. The efficacy of probiotics against post-harvested pathogens indicates that probiotics can be used in management of post harvest diseases and they can form an integral part of organic farming system.
The Expression of Programmed Death Ligand-1 within Stages of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Immunohistochemical Analysis
Authors: Khan Moomal Aslam , Syed Serajuddaula , Wahab Noor Ul , Butt Saima Akram , Qureshi Jabbar Ahmed
Published: March 2020

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is prevalent in South Asian countries with rising cases of its incidence and mortality. Despite advancements in treatment, survival and recurrence rates are poor. Immunotherapy is a novel therapeutic modality in immunooncology. Immune checkpoint proteins are under investigation for clinical implications amongst which Programmed Death Ligand-1 has shown valuable results in certain malignancies.

Aims: To determine the immunohistochemical expression of Programmed Death Ligand-1(PD-L1) in oral squamous cell carcinoma and to find an association of Programmed Death Ligand-1 with stage and clinicopathological parameters of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Ziauddin Medical University, Karachi, 1 Year duration during 2018-2019.

Methods: A total number of 140 biopsy confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma were recruited in the study. Immunohistochemical expression of Programmed Death Ligand-1 was evaluated and associated with the clinicopathological parameters of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The data was statistically analyzed through Descriptive statistics and Chi square test by using SPSS v.20.

Results: Out of 140 participants, 74% were males (n=103) and 26% were females (n=37). Programmed Death Ligand-1 positivity was observed in 62.1% of cases (n=87). The Mean age of the participants was 48.91 ± 11.7 years.  The most common site of cancer involvement was buccal mucosa and majority of participants were habitual of consuming chewable products i.e. Pan, Gutka and betel nut (89; 64%). Stage III and IV tumours comprised a major portion of cases in our study. (52; 37%), (56; 40%). A statistically significant p-value was noted for the association of Programmed Death Ligand-1 with stage II and IV tumours. (P-values: 0.029, 0.001)The association of Programmed Death Ligand-1 with other variables such as age, gender, ethnicity, sites or habits was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: This study concludes that the statistical significance of Programmed Death Ligand-1 expression with tumour stage is suggestive of worsening prognosis and might have detrimental effects as tumour progresses in advanced stage. Programmed Death Ligand-1 positivity in patients having oral squamous cell carcinoma could be useful in future research in the light of cancer immunotherapy which has shown success in oncology.
Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Biomarkers Correlates of Liver Injury among Healthy Blood Donors in Nigeria
Authors: Osuji Ahaneku Iherue , Agbakoba Nneka Regina , Ifeanyichukwu Martin Ositaodinma , Enweani Ifeoma , Abdullahi Idris Nasir
Published: March 2020

Objectives: Destruction of blood cells and damage to hepatocytes are the hallmark of hepatitis B viral infection. This cross-sectional study was undertaken to evaluate some hematological parameters and biomarkers of liver injury in healthy blood donors infected with the occult and overt hepatitis B attending the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH) and Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi, Nigeria. 

Materials and Methods: A total of 20 overt and 14 occult hepatitis B virus-infected blood donors were confirmed and enrolled using Roche ® COBAS q-PCR from 212 consented pooled subjects. Hematological parameters and absolute CD4+ T-cell count were determined using the Sysmex hematology analyzer and Partec cyflow counter, respectively. Determination of serum Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) and Alpha Feto-protein (AFP) levels were done spectrophotometrically and ELISA, respectively. 

Results: The mean red blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cells, CD4 and platelet count in the overt group were not statistically significantly different from the occult group p>0.05. However, of the 34 infected subjects, 7 (20.6%), 6 (17.7%), 2 (5.9%), 13 (38.2%), 2 (5.9%) and 4 (11.8%) had abnormally low blood values for red blood cells, white blood cells, hematocrit, hemoglobin, CD4 and platelets respectively. The mean ALT and ALP values from the occult and overt groups were not also significantly different (p>0.05). 

Conclusion: This study found a decrease in the values of some blood cells. However, no significant changes in the liver enzymes were found. These infected individuals should be managed to prevent transmission of HBV infection to other people and subsequent destruction of blood cells and damage to liver cells. Future studies could focus on patients with chronic liver diseases/Hepatocellular carcinoma caused by HBV to determine the effects on the liver biomarkers and hematological parameters.
Investigating the Effect of Follow-up Care on the Self-concept of Patients under Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Moghaddam Yusef Haghighi , Mobadersani Neda , Askari Behnam , Rasouli Javad
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Since coronary artery angina pectoris is a chronic disease, it negatively affects patients` self-concept. In this study, the effect of follow-up care on the self-concept of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting was investigated.

Materials and Methodology: In this study, the clinical trial was measured using self-concept questionnaire considering the effect of follow-up or constant care on 60 patients under coronary artery bypass grafting in Seyed-al-shohada heart center of Urmia. Eight to twelve weeks after the operation, the follow-up care, which is an Iranian native model was administered through telephon. Data collection tools included patients` demographic data collection form as well as self-concept questionnaire consisting of 25 Likert-scale items of 1 to 5 (totally positive, positive, neutral, negative, totally negative), which measured 25 features.

Results: In the current study, the mean age of patients in both groups (intervention and control) was 59.68±7.43 and 59.48±5.79 years old, respectively. In addition, the mean weight of patients in both groups (intervention and control) equaled 77.82±10.67 and 75.22±7.53 kg. According to the results of the mean, the perceived threat after the intervention was 45.16±4.28 in the intervention group and it was 40.43±5.22 in the control group, showing a significant statistical difference between two groups (p<0.001). The perceived challenge after the intervention was 70.86±6.82 in the intervention group and it was 67.13±6.37 in the control group, showing a significant statistical difference between two groups (p=0.028).

Conclusion: The mean of self-concept score increased after the intervention and the observed results could have positive effects on the treatment of patients.
Analysis of Timeline and Casualties of a Factory Fire
Authors: Lee Euipyeong
Published: March 2020

A factory fire usually does more damage to property than to life when compared to fires affecting other buildings. Unlike general factory fires, a fire that occurred in an electronics factory, ataround 3:40 p.m. on August 21, 2018, had 15 casualties, 9 dead and 6 wounded. In this study, the timeline and the status of casualties of this factory fire are analyzed, in detail, based on fire investigation results and other data collected at the site.
Optimal Measures for Smoke Control Performance for an Underground Parking Lot
Authors: Youn Hae Kwon , Kim Hak Joong
Published: March 2020

The urban environment has been changing rapidly, and with buildings becoming larger, denser, and more complicated, parking lots have gradually been moved underground. The consumption pattern of vehicles has changed from compact to mid- or full-sized cars, and the risk of car fires has also increased with the use of more flammable materials in cars to improve fuel efficiency. Consequently, the necessity of smoke control applications in underground parking lots has become essential to ensure fire safety. Smoke control partition areas were set to 5000 m2, 3000 m2, and 2000 m2, to analyze the performance of smoke control facilities in underground parking lots. The flow rate of smoke control was set to 18 CMH and 27 CMH and compared with the duct installation setup. The results showed that smoke control performance was most suitable when the smoke control partition area was set to 3000 m2, the flow rate of the smoke control was 27 CMH, and the duct was installed.
Improvement of Urban Flood Alert Criteria Prediction Model based on Neuro-Fuzzy Initial Function and Training Data
Authors: Kang Hoseon , Cho Jaewoong , Lee Hanseung , Hwang Jeonggeun
Published: March 2020

In Korean metropolitan areas, the high density of residential and commercial buildings, highly impervious surfaces, and steep slopes contribute to floods that can occur within a short duration of heavy rainfall. To prepare for this, advance warning measures based on accurate flood alert criteria are needed. In our previous study, we demonstrated the applications of a Neuro-Fuzzy model that considersthe characteristics of the basin to predict flood alert criteria in areas with no damage. However, as the number of learning materials are low, at 27, the evaluation and verification of the model has not been sufficiently accomplished, and its application is limited. Therefore, in this study, we propose an improved model based on the initializing function of the Neuro-Fuzzy algorithm, the construction of training data, and preprocessing. Compared to the existing model, the improved model reduced the average error by 48.1%~65.4% and the RMSE by 50.7%~60.1%. The new model, when applied to actual floods, showed an improvement of 0.7%~19.1% in accuracy.
The Effect of Surface Ruptures on the Propagation of Tsunamis: An Analysis of 1993 Hokkaido Earthquake
Authors: Jung Tae-Hwa , Son Sangyoung
Published: March 2020

An earthquake occurs when the energy condensed at certain points in the Earth's crust exceeds a certain threshold. Changes in depth of the seabed (induced by subsurface deformation) can cause irregular undulations and tsunamis. Surface ruptures usually start at one point and propagate in diverse directions (typically one or two). In this study, we used numerical analysis to examine the effects of surface ruptures on the generation and propagation of tsunamis. The 1993 Hokkaido earthquake was chosen for the test, and three subfaults were adopted to account for the history and process of the rupture. The results revealed the clear effects of surface rupture near the epicenter, showing either an increase or decrease in run-up heights (depending on spatial locations). Although the effects on run-up heights along the coast of the East Sea were unclear, the maximum effect (observed at specific points) generated twice the normal run-up heights.
A Study on the Cooperative Utilization of Disaster Databases and Statistical Databases Using GIS
Authors: Lee Gyeng-Bin , Kim Young-Kuu , Yun Jung-Hwan , Lee Jae-Nam
Published: March 2020

Historical damage cases and data on damage statistics recorded in the disaster year do not take into account the status of storm and flood management and the ability to plan for the recovery of affected areas in establishing natural disaster prevention measures and restoration plans for the given areas; thus, this information is not used as basic data for practical responses to damages from storms and floods. In this regard, this study proposes a method for developing disaster integration information using GIS-based national statistical data and disaster data as a method of natural disaster management considering local statuses. It further suggests disaster management plans based on analyzing damage density and damage targets. It is expected that GIS-based disaster integration information constructed through the results of this study can be used to classify vulnerable areas and establish disaster prevention and recovery plans for vulnerable areas.
Estimating the Threshold Value of Disaster-Causing Snowfall by Region and Its Application to Regional Classification
Authors: Kim Hyunuk , Kim Baek-Jo , Kim Hae-Min , Lee Jin-Hwa , Shim Jae-Kwan
Published: March 2020

In this study, the estimation of damage-causing thresholds and their application to regional classification were examined using logistic regression, critical success index, probability of detection, and a false-alarm ratio. For 10 stations where damage caused by heavy snow occurred frequently, the fresh snow depth data provided by the Korea Meteorological Administration and heavy snow-related damage data obtained by the Ministry of Interior and Safety were used. Results show that the estimated thresholds differed by region. These results are attributed to many factors such as analysis methods, regional disaster protection, the response of local residents, vulnerability of structures, and meteorological characteristics. Additionally, based on estimated thresholds, the area with the highest threshold-sensitivity and the areas with the most internal differences and similarities between calculated thresholds corresponded to the coastal region, the Gangwon region, and the inland region, respectively. Gangwon region, where heavy snow was often observed, had a long duration of snowfall, whereas inland regions faced snowfalls that were relatively weaker in intensity and shorter in duration.
Method for Mitigating Nuclear Power Plants Accident Damage in Nuclear Power Plant Areas through a Non-structural Approach: Focusing on Land Use Planning
Authors: Ha Dongoh , Jung Juchul
Published: March 2020

Nuclear power plant accidents cause enormous damage. Safety probabilities for nuclear power plant accident prevention are being studied to enhance safety. However, research has been lacking due to damage reduction, not prevention of accidents. This study proposes land use planning, through a non-structured approach, as a way to mitigate damage. For this purpose, risk tothe areas surrounding the nuclear power plant was analyzed. In this study, human casualties were set as the chief damage. We looked at population changes in areas surrounding nuclear power plants and used a Difference-in-differences analysis for this purpose. From the analysis results, land use planning scenarios were established to mitigate the damage from nuclear plant accidents, and asimulation was conducted to determine the reduction effect. The model was conducted on the basis of System Dynamics, and the scenario was constructed and simulated using a land use planning approach. From the simulation results, a policy proposal was also made regarding the land use planning method to mitigate damage to nuclear power plants.
Temperature Prediction of Anti-frost Layer using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Son Jaeho , Seo Youngwon , Park Youngmog , Cho Gyutae
Published: March 2020

In Korea, the temperature falls below 0 °C in winter and rises above 0 °C in spring. This change in temperature between the two seasons results in the ground alternatively freezing and thawing, which leads to road surfaces being damaged. Predicting the ground temperature becomes very important in identifying and responding to potential infrastructure damage due to the ground freezing and thawing. A simulation was conducted through numerical analysis using the Crank–Nicholson differential method to predict the temperature of each layer of a road. Moreover, the data gathered from measuring the temperature at each layer of a road over a period of 42 days in “Evaluation of Validity for Anti-frost Layer and Development of its Construction Criteria,” organized by the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs (2012), were used for the simulation. The training for temperature prediction of the anti-frost layer was performed using deep learning machine learning techniques with 650 days of measurement data by changing the number of hidden layers and nodes. With two hidden layers, 40 nodes, and 100 nodes, the reliability of the training result was close to 1. The reliability of the predictive model, a by-product of the training, was approximately 0.87.
Histone demethylase KDM3B protects against ferroptosis by upregulating SLC7A11
Authors: Wang Yishu , Zhao Yao , Wang Haihua , Zhang Chengliang , Wang Meiqi , Yang Yong , Xu Xin , Hu Zhenbo
Published: February 2020

Ferroptosis is a type of adaptive cell death driven by cellular metabolism and iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation. Though multiple genes (including SLC7A11 and GPX4) have been demonstrated to play key roles in ferroptosis, little is known about the epigenetic regulation of this process. Here, we report that KDM3B, a histone H3 lysine 9 demethylase, can protect against ferroptosis induced by Erastin, an inhibitor of SLC7A11. KDM3B overexpression in HT‐1080 cells results in decreased histone H3 lysine 9 methylation. Furthermore, KDM3B upregulates the expression of SLC7A11 through cooperation with the transcription factor ATF4. In summary, we identify here KDM3B as a potential epigenetic regulator of ferroptosis.
Cover‐up: No patient voices in SAMHSA ‘summary’ of 42 CFR Part 2 NPRM
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2020

Leaving out the organizations that opposed the federal government's proposal to eliminate the confidentiality protections of 42 CFR Part 2, MITRE, the company contracted to create a “summary” of public comments, has produced a slideshow that relies on two dozen “prominent” organizations. These organizations exclude those that oppose the changes in the Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (NPRM) released by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) on Aug. 26, 2019 (see “SAMHSA proposes significant changes to 42 CFR Part 2,” ADAW, Sept. 9, 2019, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32473).
Lipid‐Modified Aminoglycosides for mRNA Delivery to the Liver
Authors: Yu Xueliang , Liu Shuai , Cheng Qiang , Wei Tuo , Lee Sang , Zhang Di , Siegwart Daniel J.
Published: February 2020

Cationic lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are widely used as carriers for delivery of nucleic acids. Most synthetic routes toward cationic lipids have derived from simple amine cores. Greater chemical diversity can be obtained through starting with natural products containing basic nitrogen atoms, which offers routes to more complex molecules. Natural building blocks are not extensively explored, such as aminoglycosides, which are both structurally and functionally interesting for developing new carriers for nucleic acid delivery. Herein, cationic lipid‐modified aminoglycosides (CLAs) are explored as a family of vehicles for messenger RNA (mRNA) delivery. CLAs are synthesized from natural existing aminoglycosides coupling with alkyl epoxides and acrylates. The top hit (GT‐EP10) is able to deliver Luc mRNA to C57BL/6 mice at a dose of 0.05 mg kg−1 to achieve a 107 average luminescence intensity in the liver. The Lox‐Stop‐Lox tdTomato mouse model is used to further demonstrate that this efficient mRNA delivery system can be potentially used for gene editing. Successful delivery of human erythropoietin mRNA shows that CLA‐based LNPs have promising opportunities for delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids in the future.
From Silk Spinning to 3D Printing: Polymer Manufacturing using Directed Hierarchical Molecular Assembly
Authors: Mu Xuan , Fitzpatrick Vincent , Kaplan David L.
Published: February 2020

Silk spinning offers an evolution‐based manufacturing strategy for industrial polymer manufacturing, yet remains largely inaccessible as the manufacturing mechanisms in biological and synthetic systems, especially at the molecular level, are fundamentally different. The appealing characteristics of silk spinning include the sustainable sourcing of the protein material, the all‐aqueous processing into fibers, and the unique material properties of silks in various formats. Substantial progress has been made to mimic silk spinning in artificial manufacturing processes, despite the gap between natural and artificial systems. This report emphasizes the universal spinning conditions utilized by both spiders and silkworms to generate silk fibers in nature, as a scientific and technical framework for directing molecular assembly into high‐performance structures. The preparation of regenerated silk feedstocks and mimicking native spinning conditions in artificial manufacturing are discussed, as is progress and challenges in fiber spinning and 3D printing of silk‐composites. Silk spinning is a biomimetic model for advanced and sustainable artificial polymer manufacturing, offering benefits in biomedical applications for tissue scaffolds and implantable devices.
Imaging Beam‐Sensitive Materials by Electron Microscopy
Authors: Chen Qiaoli , Dwyer Christian , Sheng Guan , Zhu Chongzhi , Li Xiaonian , Zheng Changlin , Zhu Yihan
Published: February 2020

Electron microscopy allows the extraction of multidimensional spatiotemporally correlated structural information of diverse materials down to atomic resolution, which is essential for figuring out their structure–property relationships. Unfortunately, the high‐energy electrons that carry this important information can cause damage by modulating the structures of the materials. This has become a significant problem concerning the recent boost in materials science applications of a wide range of beam‐sensitive materials, including metal–organic frameworks, covalent–organic frameworks, organic–inorganic hybrid materials, 2D materials, and zeolites. To this end, developing electron microscopy techniques that minimize the electron beam damage for the extraction of intrinsic structural information turns out to be a compelling but challenging need. This article provides a comprehensive review on the revolutionary strategies toward the electron microscopic imaging of beam‐sensitive materials and associated materials science discoveries, based on the principles of electron–matter interaction and mechanisms of electron beam damage. Finally, perspectives and future trends in this field are put forward.
Mesoporous Matrices as Hosts for Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Rubino Andrea , Caliò Laura , García‐Bennett Alfonso , Calvo Mauricio E. , Míguez Hernán
Published: February 2020

Several works have recently demonstrated that perovskite nanocrystals can be controllably formed within a variety of porous matrices employing diverse synthetic strategies. By means of the fine tuning of the pore size distribution, the thickness and composition of the walls, the geometry of the void network and its topology, strict control over the structural and morphological parameters of the hosted semiconductor can be achieved, determining its optical absorption and emission properties. Furthermore, porous hosts provide the guest semiconductor with enhanced stability and versatility in terms of processing, which favors its integration in devices. This article provides a comprehensive review of the different approaches proposed, as well as a discussion on the relevance they may have for the development of nanostructured perovskite‐based optoelectronics. A critical assessment of the optical quality of the hybrid perovskite nanomaterials so obtained is presented, as well as an analysis of the fundamental and applied aspects of the nanocrystal–matrix interaction and a projected prospect of their impact in the fields of artificial lighting and renewable energy.
Direct assimilation of measured soil water content in Root Zone Water Quality Model calibration for deficit‐irrigated maize
Authors: Sima M. W. , Fang Q. X. , Qi Z. , Yu Q.
Published: February 2020

Correct soil water simulation is critical for water balance and plant growth in agricultural systems. Crop production simulation errors have often been attributed to a lack of accuracy in soil water content (SWC) estimates. However, only a few studies have quantified the effects of SWC estimate errors on crop production and evapotranspiration (ET), especially under different irrigation treatments. The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of direct assimilation of measured SWC during model calibration for deficit irrigated maize (Zea mays L.) on simulated ET, leaf area index (LAI), biomass, and yield. The CERES‐Maize model within the Root Zone Water Quality Model (RZWQM) was calibrated using the automatic parameter estimation (PEST) software. Simulation results showed that, using PEST‐optimized crop parameters, RZWQM was able to adequately predict crop yield (relative root mean squared error, rRMSE, of 4.8%) and biomass (rRMSE of 7.1%) in response to irrigation levels, in spite of the bias in SWC and ET simulation. However, with the same crop parameters but replacing simulated SWC with measured data, simulations of crop yield and biomass became worse, with higher rRMSE values (14.5% for yield and 21.5% for biomass). This unexpected model performance with SWC assimilation was mainly associated with the water addition and removal from the soil, which was improved only by recalibration of both soil and crop parameters. This study suggested compensating effects between soil and crop parameters during model calibration. Caution should be applied when using measured SWC as model inputs, especially under water stress conditions.