bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Interpersonal Legacy of a Positive Family Climate in Adolescence
Authors: Ackerman Robert A. , Kashy Deborah A. , Donnellan M. Brent , Neppl Tricia , Lorenz Frederick O. , Conger Rand D.
Published: January 2013

In this research, we evaluated how well overall levels of positive engagement in adolescents’ families of origin, as well as adolescents’ unique expressions of positive engagement in observed family interactions, statistically predicted marital outcomes approximately 20 years later. The sample consisted of 288 focal individuals and their spouses, drawn from the Iowa Youth and Families Project (IYFP). Data for focal individuals’ family-of-origin positive engagement were taken from IYFP assessments from 1989 to 1991. Data for outcomes of interest, including focal individuals’ and spouses’ marital behavior, were drawn from the IYFP between 2007 and 2008. Individuals’ unique expressions of positive engagement in their families of origin were linked to the degree of positive engagement these adolescents later exhibited toward their spouses. A positive family climate during adolescence for one marital partner was also associated with positive marital outcomes for both partners. Overall, our results suggest that the climate in one’s family of origin may have long-term significance for one’s interpersonal relationships.
Attributing False Beliefs About Object Identity Reveals a Signature Blind Spot in Humans’ Efficient Mind-Reading System
Authors: Low Jason , Watts Joseph
Published: January 2013

How can human beings make significant but cognitively taxing inferences about others’ beliefs yet also effectively “mind read” in fast-moving social situations? We tested the idea that humans have two mind-reading systems: a flexible system and an efficient system that can make fast calculations because it has natural blind spots to the kinds of input it processes. We showed that the automatic gaze anticipations of 3-year-olds, 4-year-olds, and adults displayed a signature blind spot specific to calculating an actor’s false belief about object identity—a calculation that required the complex understanding that an object can be interpreted differently depending on one’s visual perspective. Participants’ deliberate verbal inferences demonstrated significant flexibility in calculations of another person’s beliefs. Our results show that quick, efficient mind reading eschews conceptual sophistication.
Attachment Anxiety Is Linked to Alterations in Cortisol Production and Cellular Immunity
Authors: Jaremka Lisa M. , Glaser Ronald , Loving Timothy J. , Malarkey William B. , Stowell Jeffrey R. , Kiecolt-Glaser Janice K.
Published: January 2013

Although evidence suggests that attachment anxiety may increase risk for health problems, the mechanisms underlying these effects are not well understood. In the current study, married couples ( N = 85) provided saliva samples over 3 days and blood samples on two occasions. Participants with higher attachment anxiety produced more cortisol and had fewer numbers of CD3+ T cells, CD45+ T cells, CD3+CD4+ helper T cells, and CD3+CD8+ cytotoxic T cells than participants with lower attachment anxiety. Higher cortisol levels were also related to fewer numbers of CD3+, CD45+, CD3+CD4+, and CD3+CD8+ cells, which is consistent with research showing that cortisol alters the cellular immune response. These data suggest that attachment anxiety may have physiological costs, and they provide a glimpse into the pathways through which social relationships affect health. The current study also extends attachment theory in an important new direction by demonstrating the utility of a psychoneuroimmunological approach to the study of attachment anxiety, stress, and health.
Relationship between oxidative stress and chronic daily headache in children
Authors: Vurucu S , Karaoglu A , Paksu MS , Yesilyurt O , Oz O , Unay B , Akin R
Published: January 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and chronic daily headache (CDH) in children. Although there are reports that oxidative injury may play a role in the pathophysiology of some neurologic disorders, such as migraine and epilepsy, by disrupting or destroying cell membranes through the formation of free radical and reactive oxygen species, the pathophysiology of headache is not clearly established. A total of 38 children (16 boys and 22 girls) with CDH, aged between 7 and 15 years, were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 39 healthy children (17 boys and 22 girls), aged between 7 and 14 years. The mean age was 10.9 ± 2.2 years for both the groups. Activities of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in all the children of both the groups were measured. Mean activities of erythrocyte SOD, CAT, and GPx as well as MDA levels were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group ( p < 0.001). The findings of this study suggest that oxidative stress may play a causal or consequential role in children with CDH.
Silica nanoparticles-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis in cultured A431 and A549 cells
Authors: Ahamed Maqusood
Published: January 2013

In medicine, the use of silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) offers new perspectives in biosensor, drug delivery and cancer therapy. However, questions about potential toxic and deleterious effects of SiO2 NPs have also been raised. The aim of this study was to investigate the induction of cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and apoptosis by SiO2 NPs (size 15 nm) in human skin epithelial (A431) and human lung epithelial (A549) cells. SiO2 NPs (concentration range 25–200 µg/ml) induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity in both types of cells, which was demonstrated by cell viability (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) and lactate dehydrogenase leakage assays. SiO2 NPs were also found to induce oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner, indicated by depletion of glutathione and induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that following the exposure of cells to SiO2 NPs, the messenger RNA level of apoptotic genes (caspase-3 and caspase-9) were upregulated in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 enzymes were also significantly higher in both kinds of cells exposed to SiO2 NPs. This study suggested that SiO2 NPs induce cytotoxicity and apoptosis in A431 and A549 cells, which is likely to be mediated through ROS generation and oxidative stress.
Protective effects of puerarin on experimental chronic lead nephrotoxicity in immature female rats
Authors: Wang Lin , Lin Shuqian , Li Zifa , Yang Dubao , Wang Zhenyong
Published: January 2013

Puerarin (PU), a natural flavonoid, has been reported to possess anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. In the present study, female Sprague-Dawley rats received lead (Pb) nitrate (300 mg/L, via drinking water) and/or PU (400 mg/kg/day, orally) to investigate the protective effects of PU on Pb-induced renal damage. Renal toxicity was evaluated by detecting urinary proteins excretion as well as levels of serum urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. Ultrastructural observations and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed on kidney cortex tissues to identify the mitochondrial damage and quantify gene expression levels of cytochrome oxidase submits (COX-I/II/III), respectively. Renal cell damage was assessed by light microscopic examination. Lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels and antioxidant status in kidney were also evaluated. Animals that received both Pb and PU showed a better renal function than those that received Pb alone, with minor pathological damage. Moreover, PU significantly reduced LPO and markedly restored the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants levels in kidney of Pb-treated rats, which may be related to its restoring mitochondrial function. Furthermore, PU administration significantly increased urinary Pb excretion and decreased its level in the serum and kidney. In conclusion, these results suggested that PU reduces renal damage induced by chronic Pb administration through its antioxidant properties and chelating ability.
PUS in turbulent times II – A shifting vocabulary that brokers inter-disciplinary knowledge
Authors: Suerdem Ahmet , Bauer Martin W. , Howard Susan , Ruby Luke
Published: January 2013

To reflect further on 20 years of the journal, we present a lexicographic and bibliometric study of all papers published in Public Understanding of Science (PUS). Lexicographical analysis of the vocabulary of 465 abstracts shows five classes of associated concepts in two periods, 1992–2001 and 2002–2010. The concern for public attitudes and mass media coverage remains on the card; while language has shifted from ‘public understanding’ to ‘public engagement’ and environmental concerns have waned then waxed. The bibliometric analysis traces the position of PUS in the inter-citation network of 165 related journals (ISI Web of Science citation database), grouped into 10 disciplines for the purpose of this analysis. Indicators derived from network logic show that the established position of PUS has been stable since 1997. PUS serves a varied brokerage role as gatekeeper into and liaison maker between disciplines. Its inter-citation network position allows PUS to perform inter-disciplinary boundary spanning work that offers a safe space for experimentation with ideas.
Room for Manoeuvre? Regulatory Compliance in the Global Shipping Industry
Authors: Bloor Michael , Sampson Helen , Baker Susan , Walters David , Dahlgren Katrin , Wadsworth Emma , James Philip
Published: January 2013

This article combines data from two separate studies of the shipping industry, one on enforcement of new regulations on the use of low-sulphur fuel and one on supply chain influences on ship operators’ health and safety policies and practices. The shipping industry is a valuable natural laboratory for the study of patterns of compliance and governance in late modernity because it is characterised both by highly developed polycentric governance structures and by globalising economic processes including vertically disaggregated global value chains, outsourcing and offshoring. Segmented markets have permitted some ‘blue riband’ companies to operate a social license ‘beyond compliance’, and that such social licenses are more extensive in respect of environment policies than in health and safety policies that may be attributed to supply chain influences. Ship operators’ compliance is seen as a combination of instrumental compliance, normative compliance, a taken for granted culture of compliance and corporate policies of labour-force governance. A taken for granted culture of compliance is identified as the main reason for compliance with the new low-sulphur regulations, which are currently (uncharacteristically) subject to only limited enforcement effort.
Field Dependency of Argumentation Rationality in Decision-Making Debates
Authors: Bouwmeester Onno
Published: January 2013

This study argues that the rationality behind strategic decisions, which is characterized as expressive, social, or instrumental rational, has to be aligned with the argumentation field of the decision, which is characterized as subjective, intersubjective, or objective. A multiple case study illustrates this proposition while exploring rationality in the mainly instrumental rational debate on the expansion of Heathrow, the social rational debate on extension of Gurkha rights and the expressive rational debate on the hijab in Britain. Stakeholder arguments that realize good alignment with the related argumentation field have a substantial influence on strategic decisions. Managers and policy makers who do not realize this field fit well have to adapt their decisions, or cannot execute them. The cases illustrate the effects of this alignment strategy, in argumentation that mirrors the rationality of opponents, and in a strategy that reframes the assumed fit between the rationality and the related argumentation field.
Miners’ Tales
Authors: Dawson Patrick , McLean Peter
Published: January 2013

This article examines the extent to which the storying lens provides useful purchase in understanding the sensemaking processes that occur in the hegemonic struggle over collective identities during contested change. Our interest is in how stories are shaped within the context of workplace change; the limitations of existing story types for making sense of the data; temporality as it relates to change processes and story types; and the use of stories to legitimate identity in the power-political dynamics of change. The empirical material draws on a study of miners’ storied responses to the introduction of a performance appraisal system for underground workers at an Australian colliery.
Unraveling the Relationship Between Family-Supportive Supervisor and Employee Performance
Authors: Wang Peng , Walumbwa Fred O. , Wang Hui , Aryee Samuel
Published: January 2013

This study examined the role of job satisfaction, relational identification with supervisor, and work-family conflict in explaining the influence of family-friendly supervision (FFS) on supervisor-rated citizenship behavior and task performance using data from a Chinese pharmaceutical company. Hierarchical regression analysis results revealed that job satisfaction mediated the relationship between FFS and supervisor-rated citizenship behavior, whereas relational identification with supervisor mediated the relationship between FFS and supervisor-rated task performance. We also found that work-family conflict moderates the relationship between FFS and job satisfaction. We discuss implications of these findings for theory and practice.
Delinquency and Recidivism
Authors: Barrett David E. , Katsiyannis Antonis , Zhang Dalun , Zhang Dake
Published: January 2013

The authors examined the role of early adverse experiences, mental health problems, and disabilities in the prediction of juvenile delinquency and recidivism, using a matched-control group design. The delinquent group comprised 99,602 youth, born between 1981 and 1988, whose cases had been processed by the South Carolina Department of Juvenile Justice. Records of 99,602 controls, matched by age, race, and gender were drawn from the records of the South Carolina Department of Education. Data on Child Protective Services, foster care, mental health referrals, and diagnoses as well as information about eligibility for free/reduced-price lunch were obtained from the South Carolina Budget and Control Board, Office of Research and Statistics. Logistic regression analyses showed that parental maltreatment and foster care made unique contributions to the prediction of membership in a delinquent sample. Presence of a public school classification of learning disability or emotional/behavioral disorder was also predictive of delinquent outcomes. A prearrest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) diagnosis relating to aggressive behavior (e.g., conduct disorder) was the strongest predictor of delinquency. Analyses conducted on the delinquent sample to predict recidivism showed a similar pattern, with an early mental health diagnosis of an aggressive disorder the strongest predictor of recidivism.
The Impact of Teaching Self-Determination Skills on the On-Task and Off-Task Behaviors of Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders
Authors: Kelly John R. , Shogren Karrie A.
Published: January 2013

A multiple baseline across participants design was used to examine the functional relation between the Self-Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI) intervention and the on- and off-task behaviors of high school students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD). The results showed that all four students significantly increased on-task behaviors and decreased off-task behaviors and all four participants maintained the increase of on-task behaviors and the decrease of off-task behaviors after the intervention was withdrawn. All four students made progress toward their goal of implementing on-task behavior in the classroom and generalized on-task behavior to a second general education classroom. The study provides evidence of effective self-determination instruction that supports students to improve their behavior in a general education classroom. Implications for practice and future research are provided.
Electrophysiological Characterization and Antiarrhythmic Efficacy of the Mixed Potassium Channel-Blocking Antiarrhythmic Agent AZ13395438 In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Jacobson Ingemar , Duker Göran , Florentzson Malin , Linhardt Gunilla , Lindhardt Emma , Nordkam Ann-Kristin , Åstrand Annika , Carlsson Leif
Published: January 2013

Objective:

To examine the electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and antiarrhythmic effects of the novel antiarrhythmic agent AZ13395438.

Methods:

The ion channel-blocking potency of AZ13395438 was assessed in Chinese hamster ovary cells stably expressing various human cardiac ion channels and in human atrial myocytes. The in vivo electrophysiological, hemodynamic, and antiarrhythmic effects of intravenously administered AZ13395438 were examined in anesthetized rabbits, in anesthetized naive dogs, and in dogs subjected to rapid atrial pacing (RAP) for 8 weeks. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) modeling was applied to predict the potency of AZ13395438 in increasing atrial and ventricular refractoriness.

Results:

AZ13395438 potently and predominantly blocked the atrial repolarizing potassium currents IKur, IAch, and Ito in vitro. In vivo, AZ13395438 caused a concentration-dependent and selective increase in atrial refractoriness with no or small effects on ventricular refractoriness and repolarization and on hemodynamics in both rabbits and dogs. The PKPD modeling predicted unbound plasma concentrations of AZ13395438 of 0.20 ± 0.039, 0.38 ± 0.084, and 0.34 ± 0.057 µmol/L to increase the right atrial effective refractory period by 20 milliseconds in the rabbit and in the naive and the RAP dogs, respectively. In the RAP dog with atrial fibrillation (AF), AZ13395438 significantly increased AF cycle length and successfully converted AF to sinus rhythm in 12 of the 12 occasions at an unbound plasma concentration of 0.48 ± 0.076 µmol/L. During saline infusion, conversion was seen only in 4 of the 10 occasions ( P = .003 vs AZ13395438). Furthermore, AZ13395438 reduced AF inducibility by burst pacing from 100% to 25% ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

AZ13395438 can be characterized as a mixed potassium ion channel-blocking agent that selectively prolongs atrial versus ventricular refractoriness and shows promising antiarrhythmic efficacy in a clinically relevant animal model of AF.
He Wrote, She Wrote
Authors: Meeks Lindsey
Published: January 2013

This study examines the intersection of journalist gender and campaign news coverage across legislative and executive political offices in a gender-prominent context: mixed-gender elections—those with at least one woman and one man. Based on a content analysis of U.S. newspaper coverage, this study focuses on “masculinized” and “feminized” political issues and character traits, and explicit references that highlight a candidate’s novelty. Results revealed no direct relationship between journalist gender and news coverage; however, when type of office was considered, there were significant shifts and differences in the focus of coverage by female and male journalists.
Motivated Misperception? Party, Education, Partisan News, and Belief in “Death Panels”
Authors: Meirick Patrick C.
Published: January 2013

This study drew on the literature in motivated reasoning and 2009 Pew survey data to examine the roles of partisanship, education, news exposure, and their interactions in the misperception that health care reform would create “death panels.” Radio news exposure encouraged the misperception only among Republicans, while newspaper exposure discouraged it, especially among non-Republicans. But rather than polarize perceptions along partisan lines as predicted, Fox News exposure contributed to misperception mainstreaming. Finally, this study identified a complex role for education in both inhibiting misperceptions (as a main effect) and promoting them (as an interaction with Fox News exposure).
Partisan Journalism and the Rise of the Republican Party in South Carolina, 1959–1962
Authors: Bedingfield Sid
Published: January 2013

When political journalist William D. Workman, Jr., resigned from Charleston’s News and Courier and announced plans to run for the U.S. Senate in 1962, he said it would be “unethical” to combine “objective reporting with partisan politics.” Yet Workman’s personal papers reveal that, for three years, he and editor Thomas R. Waring, Jr., had been working with Republican leaders to build a conservative party to challenge Deep South Democrats. Workman’s story provides an example of how partisan activism survived in the twentieth-century American press, despite the rise of professional standards prohibiting political engagement.
The Root of Journalistic Plagiarism
Authors: Lewis Norman P. , Zhong Bu
Published: January 2013

Journalists condemn plagiarism, yet rarely acknowledge disagreements over attribution standards. To document and evaluate those differences, journalists in broadcasting and print operations were surveyed ( N = 953). Respondents were far less willing to attribute press releases than they were their colleagues’ work. They were more likely to consider attribution optional if they were under pressure to produce, worked for a broadcast medium, were a content creator, were less experienced, or saw their principles as flexible. The findings reveal that attribution beliefs are far more pliant than ethics policies suggest and illuminate some of the reasons why plagiarism occurs.
Using the Teaching Portfolio to Anticipate Programmatic Assessment
Authors: Price Kenneth R.
Published: January 2013

Portfolios have long been a staple in professional writing courses: both in employment materials assignments and in entire classes that ask students to reflect on their experiential learning. Portfolios may also be used effectively in business communication teaching methods courses. This article details the justification and methodology for having a teaching portfolio as the capstone assignment in a business communication pedagogy course. It also explains how this portfolio may be used to anticipate programmatic assessment and verification of entry-level business communication courses during the accreditation process.
Refusing to be a Man?
Authors: Kirby Paul
Published: January 2013

As the majority perpetrators of sexual violence, it is plausible to see men as responsible for war rape not only as individuals, but also as collective bystanders, facilitators and beneficiaries. Following recent criticisms of individual legal and moral responsibility for rape as a war crime in international law, this article examines how we might think of war rape as a collective action in moral and explanatory terms. First, it assesses existing moral arguments for the responsibility of men in groups for rape, primarily with reference to the work of Claudia Card, Larry May and Robert Strikwerda. Critiquing elements of these arguments, it explores the difficulties in talking about `men' as a coherent group and in discussing `collectives' themselves. Second, the article draws out the connection between accounts of moral responsibility and accounts of causal responsibility. Drawing on critiques of collective responsibility and the long-standing agency/structure problem, it argues that causal accounts focusing on structure pose a serious challenge to ideas of both individual and collective moral responsibility. The complexities of the relationship between moral and causal claims are illustrated through a discussion of Susan Brownmiller and Catharine MacKinnon's influential perspectives on rape. The seeming paradox of responsibility is emphasised as a problem to be addressed by gender and feminist perspectives that seek to pursue both ethical and explanatory inquiry into the workings of masculinity and the political means for undoing gendered wrongs.
Impact of a Gender-Transformative HIV and Antiviolence Program on Gender Ideologies and Masculinities in Two Rural, South African Communities
Authors: Dworkin Shari L. , Hatcher Abigail M. , Colvin Chris , Peacock Dean
Published: January 2013

“One Man Can” (OMC) is a rights-based gender equality and health program implemented by Sonke Gender Justice Network (Sonke) in South Africa. The program seeks to reduce the spread and impact of HIV and AIDS and reduce violence against women and men. To understand how OMC workshops impact masculinities, gender norms, and perceptions of women’s rights, an academic/non-governmental organization (NGO) partnership was carried out with the University of Cape Town, the University of California at San Francisco, and Sonke. Sixty qualitative, in-depth interviews were carried out with men who had completed OMC workshops and who were recruited from Sonke’s partner organizations that were focused on gender and/or health-related services. Men were recruited who were over age 18 and who participated in OMC workshops in Limpopo and Eastern Cape Provinces, South Africa. Results reveal how men reconfigured notions of hegemonic masculinity both in terms of beliefs and practices in relationships, households, and in terms of women’s rights. In the conclusions, we consider the ways in which the OMC program extends public health research focused on masculinities, violence, and HIV/AIDS. We then critically assess the ways in which health researchers and practitioners can bolster men’s engagement within programs focused on gender equality and health.
Strategy-based instruction: A learner-focused approach to developing learner autonomy
Authors: Nguyen Le Thi Cam , Gu Yongqi
Published: January 2013

This study investigates the effects of strategy-based instruction (SBI) on the promotion of learner autonomy (LA). LA was conceptualized and operationally defined as learner self-initiation and learner self-regulation. An intervention study was conducted with the participation of 37 students in an experimental group, and 54 students in two control groups at a Vietnamese university. An eight-week metacognition training package was incorporated into the academic writing programme of the experimental group. Students in the experimental group improved their ability to plan, monitor and evaluate a writing task more than students in the two control groups. Planning became the most often exercised skill, followed by evaluating and monitoring. Improvements in writing were maintained on a delayed test. Overall, the study suggests that strategy-based instruction in the form of training learners in task-specific metacognitive self-regulation improved learners’ autonomy in both learning and their writing ability.
Exploring and contrasting EFL learners’ perceptions of textbook-assigned and self-selected discussion topics
Authors: Wolf James P
Published: January 2013

In an attempt to explore the significance of a ‘willingness to communicate’ (WTC) variable in second language (L2) acquisition, this article reports on a survey study that investigated 101 Japanese university English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ perceptions of textbook-assigned and self-selected discussion topics. Additionally, the study examined whether learners’ confidence in discussion differed in relation to textbook-assigned and self-selected topics. The study compiled 40 textbook-assigned topics through analysis of six EFL textbooks and employed 5-point Likert scale questionnaires to collect perceptions and reports of confidence. The study elicited learners’ self-selected topics through an argumentative essay assignment and administered another 5-point Likert scale questionnaire to collect perceptions and reports of confidence regarding these topics. The study found that the learners had statistically significantly greater perceptions of knowledge about and interest in discussing their own topics, but perceived no difference in difficulty or importance compared with the textbook-assigned topics. Moreover, the study found that the learners reported more confidence for discussing their own topics in pair and whole-class situations, but no difference concerning their confidence in group situations compared with the textbook-assigned topics. The study concludes that it is more sensible to have learners select their own topics given the potential implications for L2 WTC and both quantity and quality of production, and suggests that future studies explore the effects of free choice of topic on learners’ interactive behaviors and output.
A case study of an EFL teacher’s critical literacy teaching in a reading class in Taiwan
Authors: Ko Mei-Yun
Published: January 2013

This qualitative case study describes in detail a college teacher’s experience in teaching critical literacy to English major students in Taiwan. A qualitative analysis of the data collected from classroom observation, class discussion and interviews shows that the teacher struck a balance between language skills teaching and critical literacy teaching. By posing critical questions and having a critical dialogue with students, the teacher helped students to read beyond the text on its literal level and raised their awareness of the subtle workings of ideologies in it. The teacher himself also underwent a change in his professional development, moving from banking pedagogy to empowering pedagogy. However, in taking a critical literacy approach to reading instruction, he encountered some difficulties such as a transmission model of literacy, students’ language learning beliefs, and teaching resources.
The impact of shared leadership on teamwork mental models and performance in self-directed teams
Authors: McIntyre Heather H. , Foti Roseanne J.
Published: January 2013

The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of shared leadership in self-directed teams by testing its relationship with teamwork mental models and team performance. Data from 40 intact, naturally occurring teams involved in highly interdependent tasks demonstrated that the distribution of informal leadership and whether or not perceptions of leadership were reciprocated among leaders were related to the degree of similarity and accuracy of team mental models as well as subsequent team performance. Specifically, teams with a coordinated type of shared-leadership perception demonstrated significantly higher levels of team mental model similarity, team mental model accuracy, and team performance than teams with a distribution of leaders that failed to recognize each other as leaders as well as teams with no leaders. However, teams with distributed-coordinated leadership were significantly different than teams with centralized leadership only with respect to team mental model accuracy scores. Finally, this study builds on prior research by demonstrating that the team mental model accuracy contributes more to team performance than team mental model similarity.
A meta-analytical review of the relationship between emotional intelligence and leaders’ constructive conflict management
Authors: Schlaerth Andrea , Ensari Nurcan , Christian Julie
Published: January 2013

In this paper, we report the findings of a meta-analysis investigating the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and constructive conflict management, and the moderational role of leadership position and age. A total of 20 studies yielding 280 effect sizes and involving 5,175 participants were examined. The results supported the hypothesis that EI is positively associated with constructive conflict management, and this relationship was stronger for subordinates than leaders. Contrary to our predictions, age was not a significant moderator. The limitations and implications are discussed in terms of psychometric issues, use of EI in leadership development and facilitation of problem solving, and for the further development of a constructive organizational culture.
Leadership as an emergent group process: A social network study of personality and leadership
Authors: Emery Cécile , Calvard Thomas S. , Pierce Meghan E.
Published: January 2013

A longitudinal study was conducted on the social network of a leaderless group to explore how Big Five personality traits affect leadership emergence, in the form of receiver ties (being nominated as a leader), sender ties (nominating others as leaders), and similarity effects (nominating similar/different others as leaders). Forty one students on a 3-month study abroad program participated in intensive group work, and their perceptions of emergent task- and relationship-oriented leadership within these groups were assessed three times across the life cycle of the group. Results indicated that individuals scoring higher on extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness were nominated more as task- and relationship-oriented leaders, whereas those who were more agreeable were more likely to emerge as relationship-oriented leaders. In terms of emergent followership, group members who were more agreeable and neurotic (and less open to experience) were less likely to follow relationship-oriented leaders, whereas more conscientious individuals were more likely to follow task-oriented leaders. With respect to the effects of complementarity and similarity, both task- and relationship-oriented leader nominations were based on dissimilar levels of agreeableness between leaders and followers, whereas nominated relationship-based leaders tended to have similar levels of openness to experience to followers. Implications of these results are discussed.
Material Emissions and Indoor Simulation
Authors: Yu Chuck W. F. , Kim Jeong Tai
Published: January 2013

Building materials are important sources of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and formaldehyde in indoor environments. There is a requirement from the building designers to provide sustainable development of buildings that would encompass the consideration of health risks which could be posed by the high emissions of VOCs, formaldehyde and other organic chemicals from indoor materials and furniture, particularly during the early few years after completion of a building. Buildings are now being built with much higher air-tightness requirement according to building regulations and there should be a corresponding need to further examine the emissions from building materials and to develop a system to evaluate the possible impact on indoor concentrations as a part of indoor environmental evaluation based on zero or low-carbon building scenarios. This paper provides a review of the emission parameters for characterisation of material emissions, including a consideration of airflow, material loading, air exchange, diffusion, sink effects, barrier layers and sorption of VOCs in both environmental chamber and in realistic built environment of an apartment or a room in a house. The development of emission parameters would allow the simulation of material emissions and prediction of indoor concentrations of VOCs in indoor environments.
Does law matter? An old bail law confronts the New Penology
Authors: Kazemian Lila , McCoy Candace , Sacks Meghan
Published: January 2013

The New Penology paradigm stipulates that governments increasingly incarcerate ‘unruly classes’ in order to manage rather than punish these groups. Even more than in previous decades, post-industrial society is said to utilize the criminal sanction as a means of repressing the poor, urban, unemployed, and members of minority groups. Drawing on the New Penology framework, the current research uses the example of bail to assess whether risk management rationales have migrated into judges’ decision making despite a law that favors non-incarceration. Using a sample of 975 felony cases, this study investigates factors that impact bail decisions and outcomes in New Jersey, a state that does not permit preventive detention and in which the Constitution favors release on bail. Our findings suggest that the New Penology is generally not prevalent in New Jersey bail practice. Specifically, results suggest that judges do not seek to preventively detain the ‘urban underclass’ and that criminal history (traditionally used as a proxy for dangerousness) does not consistently emerge as a predictor of bail decisions. Race remains one of the strongest predictors of bail decisions, which is consistent with but certainly not limited to principles of the New Penology. These results call into question the inevitability of postmodern development and raise the issue of whether law can delay it.
Terror carceralism: Surveillance, security governance and de/civilization
Authors: Monaghan Jeffrey
Published: January 2013

Following the first 15 convictions under the 2001 Anti-Terrorism Act, Canadian penal authorities developed new surveillance and security practices targeting this small population of prisoners. Primarily, reforms ensure that terror convicts are labelled as highly dangerous offenders, despite any of them having participated in attacks or violence. Focusing on the Canadian context, this article contributes to recent scholarship by discussing how these emergent penal practices are informed by a convergence of domestic anti-terrorism policies and a networked field of counter-terrorism experts; what Bigo calls (in)security management professionals. Detailing recent debates and reforms, I focus on emergent ‘deradicalization’ strategies that are informed by transnational ‘working groups’ and (in)security management actors. I argue that these increasingly illiberal counter-terrorism practices are framed as measures of social defence against the enemies of western civilization. Yet, paradoxically, these emergent security practices are antithetical to the ‘civilizing process’ of penal modernism, further displacing discourses of rehabilitation or reintegration and entrenching a ‘criminology of the other’. I conclude by discussing what I call new practices of terror carceralism, which represent an entrenchment of vengeance and retribution, justifying a host of invasive surveillance and security measures against those caricaturized as captured terrorist others.
The surveillance of ‘prolific’ offenders: Beyond ‘docile bodies’
Authors: McCahill Michael , Finn Rachel L
Published: January 2013

This article uses ethnographic research to explore how a sample of state-defined ‘prolific’ offenders living in Northern City (a small city in the North of England) experience and respond to a surveillance regime which includes ‘appointments’, ‘tracking’, ‘interviews’, ‘drug testing’, ‘electronic monitoring’, ‘home visits’ and ‘intelligence-led policing’. While some writers have argued that the experience of ‘house arrest’ and electronic monitoring is consistent with ‘disciplinary power’ and the ‘self-governing capabilities’ identified by Foucault, our article interweaves surveillance theory with the work of Pierre Bourdieu to argue that the ‘surveilled’ are a group of creative ‘social actors’ who may negotiate, modify, evade or contest surveillance practices.
‘Buffers’ against crime? Exploring the roles and limitations of positive relationships among women in prison
Authors: Wright Emily M , DeHart Dana D , Koons-Witt Barbara A , Crittenden Courtney A
Published: January 2013

A considerable amount of research focuses on the detrimental influence that relationships pose for women offenders while relatively little attention has been given to the potential positive impact of relationships in their lives. This study investigates how women offenders’ positive relationships work as ‘buffers’ against their criminal involvement, as well as why some positive influences do not elicit long-term change in women. We examine various forms of relationships (both romantic and non-romantic) that female offenders develop and explore the mechanisms by which these relationships might influence their behavior. Life history interviews conducted with 60 incarcerated women revealed that women’s family members, friends, significant others, and children provided support, social capital, motivation, and opportunities which can buffer women from criminal behavior, but that women’s drug use, disadvantage, interest in, pride or shame, and desire to make positive changes limited the effectiveness of these relationships.
Moral panic as racial degradation ceremony: Racial stratification and the local-level backlash against Latino/a immigrants
Authors: Longazel Jamie G
Published: January 2013

State- and local-level ordinances attempting to ‘crack down’ on undocumented immigration have been proliferating across the United States. Hazleton, Pennsylvania’s Illegal Immigration Relief Act (IIRA), passed in 2006, was one of the most visible of these laws. Using the events leading up to the passage of the IIRA as a case study and integrating racial stratification and moral panic theories, I conceptualize passage of this punitive law as a racial degradation ceremony performed in the wake of allegations of a Latino-on-white homicide and amid local demographic shifts and economic decline. Specifically, by comparing local media coverage of two homicides committed in Hazleton (one that led to the passage of the IIRA, a second that was far less impactful) and studying official discourse at city council meetings where the ordinance was introduced and passed, I find that officials relied heavily on the racialized tropes of the war on crime in constructing an ‘illegal’ immigration ‘problem’, thus degrading the city’s new immigrants, symbolically uplifting the white majority, and in turn reaffirming the racial order.
Leadership Effectiveness in Jordanian Educational Institutions
Authors: Abu-Tineh Abdullah
Published: January 2013

Senior leadership positions in Jordanian Ministry of Education are held predominantly by men. Women are teachers and/or school principals. This under-representation of women is primarily due to culturally derived stereotypes that see women as teachers or school principals, but not as superintendents. The purpose of this study was to investigate, in practice, the difference between Jordanian men and women in their effectiveness as leaders as rated by themselves and their direct reports in Jordanian educational institutions. In other words, this study came to examine empirically the stereotypical assumption that women are rated by themselves and others to be less effective leaders than their male counterparts. This quantitative investigation employed the survey method as its research design. A variety of statistical techniques were utilized in this research. One-way analysis of variance, t-test, means, and standard deviations were used as the main statistical techniques. Results of the study revealed that female leaders in Jordanian educational institutions, their female direct reports, and their male direct reports underrated their leadership effectiveness compared to male leaders, their male direct reports, and their female direct reports. However, this difference in rating is very slight and not statistically significant.
Occupy, Financial Fraternity and Gender Ventriloquism
Authors: Seuffert Nan
Published: January 2013

A prominent response to the Occupy movement has been the question “What does Occupy want?” What might we understand about this persistent questioning of the Occupy movement? How might we begin to think about the Occupy movement as resistance to the culture of Wall Street and politicians in recent decades? This article provides some thoughts on the conceptual and discursive relationships between the causes of the global financial crisis, including the neoliberal consensus on financial regulation, and some of the dynamics that have arisen in relation to the Occupy Wall Street movement. In particular, it suggests that Jacques Derrida’s analysis of the tradition of fraternity in modern concepts of democracy, and feminist ideas on “speaking for others” may assist with understanding the relational gender dynamics of this regulatory consensus, the masculinity of the financial industry and the derivatives trading rooms, and one way in which dominant discourses are gendering the Occupy movement.
Intraarticular Administration of Dexamethasone after Mesenchymal Stem Cells Implantation Does Not Improve Significantly the Treatment of Preestablished Full-Thickness Chondral Defect in a Rabbit Model
Authors: Espinosa Maximiliano , Vaisman Alex , Nazal Nicolas , Figueroa David , Gallegos Marcela , Conget Paulette
Published: January 2013

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution to hyaline cartilage regeneration of dexamethasone intraarticular administration after autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) implantation into a preestablished knee full-thickness chondral defect.

Design:

Full-thickness chondral defects of 4.5 × 4.5 mm2 were surgically made in both medial femoral condyles of adult male New Zealand rabbits. Two weeks later, autologous ex vivo expanded bone marrow–derived MSCs were embedded in hyaluronic acid and implanted into the chondral defects. Immediately and every week after the intervention, dexamethasone 0.25 mg/kg was intraarticularly administered (MSC/dexa-treated group). Six weeks after MSC transplantation, the animals were euthanized and condyles were characterized molecularly according to aggrecan, collagen type II, and collagen type I gene expression (quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction) and histologically (hematoxylin–eosin staining). Data of MSC/dexa-treated condyles were compared with untreated, dexa-treated, MSC-treated, or normal unlesioned condyles.

Results:

The ratio between collagen type II expression versus collagen type I expression in MSC/dexa-treated condyles was higher than one, even though the group mean value was not statistically different from that of untreated defects. Histological changes were observed between MSC/dexa-treated and untreated defects mainly in surface regularity and in hyaline matrix abundance. However, International Cartilage Repair Society score analysis did not support robust differences between those groups.

Conclusion:

Intraarticular administration of dexamethasone after autologous MSC implantation into a preestablished full-thickness chondral defect does not contribute significantly to the regeneration of a tissue with molecular and histological characteristics identical to hyaline cartilage.
Aberrant T-cell antigen expression in classical Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with decreased event-free survival and overall survival
Authors: Venkataraman Girish , Song Joo Y. , Tzankov Alexandar , Dirnhofer Stephan , Heinze Georg , Kohl Maria , Traverse-Glehen Alexandra , Eberle Franziska C. , Hanson Jeffrey C. , Raffeld Mark A. , Pittaluga Stefania , Jaffe Elaine S.
Published: January 2013

Key Points

Cases of cHL may express TCA on the neoplastic cells. TCA-cHL have nodular sclerosis histology and lack T-cell genotype, with worse outcome compared with TCA-negative cHLs.
Intrathymic progenitor cell transplantation across histocompatibility barriers results in the persistence of early thymic progenitors and T-cell differentiation
Authors: de Barros Stéphanie C. , Vicente Rita , Chebli Karim , Jacquet Chantal , Zimmermann Valérie S. , Taylor Naomi
Published: January 2013

Key Points

A thymus with available stem-cell niches can support long-term renewal by resident hematopoietic progenitors. Intrathymic administration of semiallogeneic BM progenitors results in long-term T-cell reconstitution in the absence of conditioning.
Hepatocyte tissue factor activates the coagulation cascade in mice
Authors: Sullivan Bradley P. , Kopec Anna K. , Joshi Nikita , Cline Holly , Brown Juliette A. , Bishop Stephanie C. , Kassel Karen M. , Rockwell Cheryl , Mackman Nigel , Luyendyk James P.
Published: January 2013

Key Points

Mouse hepatocytes express cell surface tissue factor. Hepatocyte tissue factor activates the coagulation cascade in mice.