bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Mobula sp. in Cilacap Using RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) Markers
Authors: Banjarsari Alda A. , Mulyani Yuniar , Mahdiana Aprilliani Izza , Grandiosa Roffi , M. A. Khan Alexander
Published: February 2023

Devil rays (Mobula sp.) are in an endangered status, so conservation measures are needed. One of the first steps is to identify the level of genetic diversity. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity of mobula in Cilacap based on DNA bands of RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) polymorphism genetic markers. This research was conducted in September 2021 – June 2022. Sampling was carried out at PPS Cilacap and molecular analysis was carried out at the Biotechnology Laboratory building 3, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. The research procedure began with preservation of the devil rays (Mobula sp.) sample, isolation of sample DNA, electrophoresis of isolated DNA results, calculating DNA purity, DNA amplification, electrophoresis of DNA amplification results, and data processing and analysis. DNA isolation was carried out using the Promega Kit method. The electrophoretic results of DNA isolation from the three mobula rays samples showed quite good results. Band samples CIL 10 and CIL 9 looked thick and did not smear, while C13 produced bands and there was a visible smear. The results of calculating the purity of DNA isolated from mobula rays CIL 9, CIL 10, CIL 13 have a purity value of 1.94, 1.96, 1.80. Results The highest concentration of DNA was CIL-13 sample with a value of 452.90 ng/μL while the lowest concentration was CIL-10 which was 419.90 OPE-01 resulting in 10 out of 20 visualized polymorphic bands. The similarity index of CIL-9 to CIL-10 in the OPE-01 primer was 40% while the similarity index of CIL-9 and CIL 10 to CIL-13 was 35%. The average similarity index shows that the genetic diversity of the Mobula species is moderate. Morphologically, CIL-09 is a species of Mobula thrustoni, CIL 10 is a species of Mobula mobular, and CIL-13 is a species of Mobula tarapacana. CIL-9 (M. thrustoni) has a closer similarity index to CIL-10 (M. mobular) than CIL-13 (M. tarapacana). OPE-01 primer is good for analyzing diversity in mobula rays (Mobula sp.). OPE-01 has 10 out of 20 visualized polymorphic bands.
Characterization of the Iraqi Artisanal Marine Fisheries, Northwest of the Arabian Gulf
Authors: Mohamed Abdul-Razak M. , Abood Abdullah N.
Published: February 2023

The study described the characteristics of the Iraqi artisanal marine fisheries in the northwest Arabian Gulf between January 2020 and December 2021. The study aimed to update knowledge on the fish landings of the artisanal marine fisheries in the study area. A total of 19,877 t of fish were landed in 2020 and 13,784 t in 2021. A Student’s t-test showed a significant difference between the species’ landings over the two years. The main species exploited were mullets (10.5%), threadfin bream (10.4%) and spotted leatherskin (8.4%) in 2020, whereas threadfin bream (14.2%), mullets (9.6%) and tigertooth croaker (8.3%) were mainly landed in 2021. Unfortunately, the contribution of river shad catches has dropped to lower levels over recent years, comprising 3.6-5.8% of the total landings during 2020-2021. Shrimps contributed 15.6 and 16.1% of the total landings during 2020 and 2021, respectively, and mixed fish contributed 11.8 and 15.3%, respectively. The trends of the landings of the main fish groups increased substantially from 2011 to 2021. Unfortunately, the contribution of river shad (T. ilisha) catches has dropped to lower levels over recent years, in contrast with the contributions of other species. Therefore, the study recommends the following management measures for the river shad stock: to protect the brood stock during the breeding season no fishing should be allowed in the Shatt Al-Arab River during the main spawning migration from May to June and small T. ilisha (<23.0 cm) should not be caught.
Development of a Point-based Model for Poor Academic Performance in Japanese University Students Based on Lifestyle Risk Factors: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Chu Tianshu , Chen Tao , Saito Takafumi , Takayanagi Shigemi , Fukumori Hideaki , Masaki Yoshinori , Kumagai Shuzo , Kishimoto Hiro
Published: February 2023

Aims: Multiple lifestyle behaviors have been linked with poor academic performance (AP) in undergraduate students. It is unknown whether a risk prediction model that incorporates a combination of different lifestyle behaviors would predict the risk of poor AP.

Study design: a population-based prospective study

Methods: A total of 2,282 eligible participants (men: 66%) aged 18 to 22 years were followed up for four years. Poor AP was defined as a grade point average (GPA) of less than 2.0. Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify lifestyle behaviors associated with the development of poor AP, and a score was created from predictors in the final model.

Results: During a median follow-up period of four years, 440 (29.2%) men and 111 (14.3%) women developed poor AP. The final model for poor AP in men included low frequency of breakfast intake, dietary intake ups and downs, shorter weekday study time, longer weekday video game time, doing exercise almost every day, self-rated irregular lifestyle. In women, alcohol intake once or more per week, low frequency of breakfast intake, dietary intake ups and downs were included in the final model for poor AP. The risk prediction models showed good discriminatory abilities (C statistics: 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.67, 0.78 for women; and 0.70, 95% CI: 0.66, 0.74 for men).

Conclusions: This risk prediction model incorporating multiple unhealthy lifestyle behaviors predicts poor AP with good discrimination ability.
Time Steps Distribution in Numerical Technique: A Comparative Analysis of Third and Fourth Order Runge-kutta Algorithms
Authors: Emeruwa C. , Ekah U. J.
Published: February 2023

To analyze a harmonically Van der Pol oscillator, this work used a combination of graphs, time steps distribution, adaptive time steps Runge-Kutta, and fourth order algorithms. The goal is to examine the performance of third and fourth order Runge-Kutta algorithms in finding chaotic solutions for a harmonically excited Van der Pol oscillator. Fourth-order algorithms favor larger time steps and are thus faster to execute than third-order algorithms in all circumstances studied. The accuracy of the data acquired with third order is worth the longer overall computation time steps period reported
Existence of Random Attractors for a Stochastic Strongly Damped Plate Equations with Multiplicative Noise
Authors: Bakhet Mohamed Y. A. , Chinor Makur Makuac , Dafallah Abdelmajid Ali , Mosa Fadlallah Mustafa , Lolika Paride O. , Jomah Sulieman A. S. , Mohamed Ahmed Eshag
Published: February 2023

In this article, we study the asymptotic dynamics of a stochastic strongly damped plate system with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions and multiplicative noise. First, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions in infinite-dimensional dynamical systems using the notion of mild solutions, and then we examine the presence of a bounded absorbing set. Finally, we investigate the asymptotic compactness by using the decomposition technique to prove the existence of a random attractor.
Developers’ Essential Footsteps for Designing Soil Monitoring and Protection Mobile Apps
Authors: Cioruța Bogdan-Vasile , Coman Mirela
Published: February 2023

It is known that mobile applications running on the Android operating system enjoy real appreciation among users around the world. These applications include those dedicated to soil monitoring and protection. Concerning the latter, we propose to discuss, step by step, mainly the phases and stages related to the configuration, design, development, implementation, testing, and validation of a mobile application with valences in the monitoring and protection of soil resources. Moreover, we analyzed from the very beginning and what are the main differences between the three possible work scenarios - native, hybrid, or web mobile application, to see what the requirements and features that we have to take into account in the development of the proposed application. In this sense, the work methodology is specific to the development of software applications, about which the results show us that the optimal option for the considered mobile application is a mix between native and hybrid development. Consequently, as a result of the analysis carried out on the entire development and life cycle of the application, it is found that our proposal for an application dedicated to soil monitoring and protection is more than welcome, the elements related to the configuration, design, development, its implementation, testing and validation being not only the prerogative of developers but also of users and customers.
Cow Urine Extract of Nicotiana tabacum Leaf Portends Hepatotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats
Authors: Ola Yusuf Babalola , Yusuf Lukman Halimat , Okeme Usman , Ibrahim Ganiyu Aderounmu , Oyewole Salawu Musa , Adeola Moronfolu Ibrahim , Suleiman Olakunle Olanrewaju , Bello Abdulfatah Lateefat , Azeezat Aiwinnilomo Motunrayo , Bolaji Ibrahim Rasheed , Titilola Abdulazeez Azeemat , Oyelola Bukoye Oloyede Hussein
Published: February 2023

Aims: The toxicological effects of single and repeated doses of aqueous extract (AE) and cow urine extract (CUE) of Nicotiana tabacum leaf on the liver and kidney function indices of male Wistar rats were investigated.

Study Design: Thirty-five male rats were randomized into seven groups (n=5). The control group received 0.5 mL of distilled water, groups A and B received 8 mg/kg body weight (BW) of CUE and AE respectively, once daily; groups C and D received 16 mg/kg BW of CUE and AE respectively, thrice a day (TD); groups E and F received 32 mg/kg BW of CUE and AE respectively, TD.The administration was oral and lasted for 28 days.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out at Summit University, Offa, Nigeria between June 2019 and August 2019.

Methodology: Thirty-five male rats were randomized into seven groups (n=5). The control group received 0.5 mL of distilled water, groups A and B received 8 mg/kg body weight (BW) of CUE and AE respectively, once daily; groups C and D received 16 mg/kg BW of CUE and AE respectively, thrice a day (TD); groups E and F received 32 mg/kg BW of CUE and AE respectively, TD.

Results: The result revealed no significant difference in the activities of the ALP, and GGT but a significant increase in the ACP, ALT, and AST activities in both tissues and serum. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in albumin concentration of rats in all the groups except group B when compared with the control rats. Liver and kidney histology revealed minimal lymphocytic infiltration with no sign of medium-term systemic damage.

Conclusion: The study suggests no nephrotoxicity of AE and CUE at all doses administered, but probable hepatotoxicity at higher and repeated doses of both extracts except at the single dose of 8 mg/kg BW of AE.
Personal, Socio-economic and Psychological Characteristics of Horticulture Crop Growers Practicing Protected Cultivation: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Rajesh C. M. , Shivalingaiah Y. N. , Hanumantharaya B. G.
Published: February 2023

The study was conducted during 2020 in Chikkaballapur district which comes under eastern dry zone (Zone-V) of Karnataka. In Chikkaballapur district, two taluks i.e. Sidlaghatta and Chikkaballapur taluks were purposefully selected for the stud, since this taluk are having more area under protected cultivation technology. The ex-post-facto research design was used for the study In the present investigation, ex-post facto research design was used. This design was considered appropriate, as it is a systematic empirical enquiry for measuring the phenomenon, which has already occurred and is continuing. The total sample size comprises 100 of which, 50 growers (25 Chrysanthemum and 25 Capsicum) were selected randomly from Chikkaballapur taluk. Similarly, 50 growers (25 Chrysanthemum and 25 Capsicum) were selected randomly from Sidlaghatta taluk. The results of the study show that more than half of the horticulture crop growers were comes under middle age category, nearly one-third of growers were educated up to high school, more than two-fifth of the growers were small farmers, nearly one-fourth of the growers belonged to medium experience category, more than two-fifth of growers belonged to medium mass media exposure category. More than two-fifth of Horticulture crop growers had high scientific orientation. Two-fifth of the growers had medium achievement motivation. two-fifth of the horticulture crop growers had medium extension participation, more than two-fifth of the growers had medium level management orientation, majority of the growers were accessibility to credit and subsidy and nearly half of the growers belonged to medium risk bearing ability.
The Incidence of Multirsistance Kocuria spp. among Different Clinical Samples in Erbil City, Iraq
Authors: Ali Fattma A. , Al-Daood Ahmed Akil Khudhair , Burhan Padasht Kamil , Tofiq Lava Rasul , Shakur Payam Samir
Published: February 2023

Background: Gram positive Kocuria spp. are a part of normal of the skin and oropharynx commensals in mammals but also described as opportunistic pathogens in human infections including urinary tract infection, pneumonia, wound infection, Ear infection, bronchial infection and also peritonitis and brain abscess, isolated from different clinical specimens increasing resistance to some antibiotics all over the world by distribution between patient with high morbidity and mortality rates.

Objective: Our study aimed to carry out retrospective study on Kocuria spp. isolated from various clinical samples in Erbil city and analyzed its epidemiology, antibiotic resistance pattern and pathogenic potential.

Methods: A total of thirty Kocuria spp. isolated distributed according to their source of isolation such as blood, wound, CSF,  ear swab, throat swab, ascetic fluid and bronchial wash isolated and identified by using microscopical, morphological, biochemical tests and  API and Vitek 2 compact system. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by manually by using 8 antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, Amikacin, Nitrofurantion, Cefotaxime, Ceftriaxone, Cifixime, Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (2:1)). Phenotypic screening of ESBLs was undertaken using Vitek 2 compact system.

Results: Out of 4399 samples, 30 samples were tested positive for Kocuria spp., the highest percentage of  Kocuria spp. In female 20(0.76%) was higher than those in male patients 10(0.57%) Results showed that 30 isolates of Kocuria distributed as (13) isolates were indicated as Kocuria kristinae, (5) Kocuria varians, and (6) Kocuria rosea Kocuria spp.isolates showed high resistance  (43.3%) to  Cifixime, (30%) to Amoxicillin-Clavulanate 2:1, (26.7%) to Amikacin, (20%) to Nitrofurantion  and (13.3%) to both Gentamicin and Cefotaxime. Kocuria spp. was surprisingly (100%) sensitive to Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone with all the 30 samples that we had. Relation between bacteria species and gender, all species showed higher number in female than male.
A Study on the Flight Safety Analysis of Military Aircraft External Stores
Authors: Kim Hyeonsoo , Kim Minsu , Shin Byungjoon , Jo Younghee
Published: February 2023

The external store fitted to the aircraft may affect the flight characteristics and flight safety of the aircraft, which requires the analyses and testing on it. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze types of failures that can affect the flight safety of aircraft due to the installation of external stores, and to check the flight safety of aircraft through dropping tests of the external stores. After identifying the types of failures that could affect the flight safety of the aircraft, the criticality was calculated to analyze the effect on the flight safety of the aircraft. Four types of failures were selected: unintentional dropping, failure of dropping, unintentional main wing deployment, and release of tail wing restraint of the external store, which are considered to affect the flight safety of the aircraft due to the operation of the external store. As a result of the aircraft's flight safety analysis on the failure types, the criticality requirements were met. Based on this, after obtaining the airworthiness certification, the drop test was successfully performed to confirm the flight safety of the aircraft by mounting an external store on the aircraft. However, in addition to the four hazards carried out in this study, the real external stores of the military aircraft may have various factors affecting the flight safety of the aircraft, so further research will be needed.
Sensitivity and Specificity of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (Original and Revised)
Authors: Wieckowski Andrea Trubanova , Williams Lashae N. , Rando Juliette , Lyall Kristen , Robins Diana L.
Published: February 2023

Importance

The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and the M-CHAT, Revised With Follow-up (M-CHAT-R/F)—henceforth referred to as M-CHAT(-R/F)—are the most commonly used toddler screeners for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Their use often differs from that in the original validation studies, resulting in a range of estimates of sensitivity and specificity. Also, given the variability in reports of the clinical utility of the M-CHAT(-R/F), researchers and practitioners lack guidance to inform autism screening protocols.

Objective

To synthesize variability in sensitivity and specificity of M-CHAT(-R/F) across multiple factors, including procedures for identifying missed cases, likelihood level, screening age, and single compared with repeated screenings.

Data Sources

A literature search was conducted with PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus to identify studies published between January 1, 2001, and August 31, 2022.

Study Selection

Articles were included if the studies used the M-CHAT(-R/F) (ie, original or revised version) to identify new ASD cases, were published in English-language peer-reviewed journals, included at least 10 ASD cases, reported procedures for false-negative case identification, screened children by 48 months, and included information (or had information provided by authors when contacted) needed to conduct the meta-analysis.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

The systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted within the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies–2 tool evaluated bias in sample selection. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by 2 authors independently. The overall diagnostic accuracy of the M-CHAT(-R/F) was assessed with the hierarchic summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratios, and HSROC curves of M-CHAT(-R/F).

Results

The review included 50 studies with 51 samples. The pooled sensitivity of M-CHAT(-R/F) was 0.83 (95% CI, 0.77-0.88), and the pooled specificity was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.89-0.97). Heterogeneity analyses revealed greater diagnostic accuracy for low- vs high-likelihood samples, a concurrent vs prospective case confirmation strategy, a large vs small sample size, use of M-CHAT(-R/F) Follow-up, and non-English vs English only.

Conclusions and Relevance

Overall, results of this study suggest the utility of the M-CHAT(-R/F) as an ASD screener. The wide variability in psychometric properties of M-CHAT(-R/F) highlights differences in screener use that should be considered in research and practice.
Multicomponent Intermetallic Nanoparticles on Hierarchical Metal Network as Versatile Electrocatalysts for Highly Efficient Water Splitting
Authors: Shi Hang , Sun Xin‐Ying , Liu Yang , Zeng Shu‐Pei , Zhang Qing‐Hua , Gu Lin , Wang Tong‐Hui , Han Gao‐Feng , Wen Zi , Fang Qian‐Rong , Lang Xing‐You , Jiang Qing
Published: February 2023

Developing high‐efficiency and cost‐effective alloy catalysts toward hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for large‐scale hydrogen production via electrochemical water splitting, but conventional single‐principal‐element alloy design usually causes insufficient activity and durability of state‐of‐the‐art multimetallic catalysts based on non‐precious transition metals. Herein, we report multicomponent intermetallic Mo(NiFeCo)4 nanoparticles seamlessly integrated on hierarchical nickel network (Mo(NiFeCo)4/Ni) as robust hydrogen‐evolution electrocatalysts with remarkably improved activity and durability by making use of iron and cobalt atoms partially substituting nickel sites to form high‐entropy NiFeCo sublattice in intermetallic MoNi4 matrix, which serve as bifunctional electroactive sites for both water dissociation and adsorption/combination of hydrogen intermediate and improves thermodynamic stability. By virtue of bicontinuous nanoporous nickel skeleton facilitating electron/ion transportation, self‐supported nanoporous Mo(NiFeCo)4/Ni electrode exhibits exceptional HER electrocatalysis, with low Tafel slope (≈35 mV dec−1), high current density (≈2300 mA cm−2) at low overpotential (200 mV) and long‐term durability in 1 m KOH. When coupled to its electrooxidized and nitrified derivative for oxygen‐evolution reaction, their alkaline water electrolyzers operate with a superior overall water‐splitting output, outperforming the one constructed with commercially available noble‐metal‐based catalysts. These electrochemical properties make it an attractive candidate as electrocatalyst in alkaline water electrolysis for large‐scale hydrogen generation.
Highly Efficient Top‐Emitting Infrared‐to‐Visible Up‐Conversion Device Enabled by Microcavity Effect
Authors: Kim Ji Hun , Lee Jong‐Yun , Lim Chanwoo , Roh Jiho , Baek Se‐Woong , Kim Woong , Suh Min Chul , Yu Hyeonggeun
Published: February 2023

Infrared (IR)‐to‐visible up‐conversion device allows a low‐cost, pixel‐free IR imaging over the conventional expensive compound semiconductor‐based IR image sensors. However, the external quantum efficiency has been low due to the integration of an IR photodetector and a light‐emitting diode (LED). Herein, by inducing a strong micro‐cavity effect, a highly efficient top‐emitting IR‐to‐visible up‐conversion device is demonstrated where PbS quantum dots IR‐absorbing layer is integrated with a phosphorescent organic LED. By optimizing the optical cavity length between indium tin oxide (ITO)/thin Ag/ITO anode and semi‐transparent Mg:Ag top cathode, the up‐conversion device yields 15.7% of photon‐to‐photon conversion efficiency from the top‐emission. The high efficiency can be achieved under a low IR transmission through the semi‐reflective anode. Finally, pixel‐free IR imaging is demonstrated using the up‐conversion device, boosting the effect of micro‐cavity on the brightness and the contrast of an IR image.
Digitization of Free‐Shapable Graphene Foam with Damage Tolerance
Authors: Xu Xi , Du Junjie , Cao Qinghe , Zhang Danwei , Li Chen , Fu Gangwen , Gao Yong , Yang Jiayu , Guan Cao , Huang Wei
Published: February 2023

3D construction of 2D sheets is the key to the utilization of graphene for large scale industrial applications. The layer by layer approach of additive manufacturing enables a high degree of design freedom for the fabrication of 3D graphene structures with excellent mechanical flexibility. Herein, the excellent mechanical and functional properties of 3D nitrogen‐doped graphene (NG) foams fabricated is demonstrated via 3D printed templates and template‐directed chemical vapor deposition. The super‐elastic foam, consisting of interconnected networks of graphene sheets can make near complete strain recovery from load up to 62500 times its own weight, with extraordinary damage tolerance at a low density of 9.5 mg cm−3. Fast transport of charge carriers (5 S cm−1) highlights the potential of the NG foam for use in various functional applications. Observed temperature‐invariant reversible elasticity from −196 to 300 °C further emphasizes its value for use in demanding environments.
A Superconducting Micro‐Magnetometer for Quantum Vortex in Superconducting Nanoflakes
Authors: Bi Xiangyu , Tian Feifan , Chen Ganyu , Li Zeya , Qin Feng , Lv Yang‐Yang , Huang Junwei , Qiu Caiyu , Ao Lingyi , Chen Yanbin , Gu Genda , Chen Yanfeng , Yuan Hongtao
Published: February 2023

Superconducting quantum interferometer device (SQUID) plays a key role in understanding electromagnetic properties and emergent phenomena in quantum materials. The technological appeal of SQUID is that its detection accuracy for the electromagnetic signal can precisely reach the quantum level of a single magnetic flux. However, conventional SQUID techniques normally can only be applied to a bulky sample and do not have the capability to probe the magnetic properties of micro‐scale samples with small magnetic signals. Herein, it is demonstrated that, based on a specially designed superconducting nano‐hole array, the contactless detection of magnetic properties and quantized vortices in micro‐sized superconducting nanoflakes is realized. An anomalous hysteresis loop and a suppression of Little–Parks oscillation are observed in the detected magnetoresistance signal, which originates from the disordered distribution of the pinned vortices in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ. Therefore, the density of pinning centers of the quantized vortices on such micro‐sized superconducting samples can be quantitatively evaluated, which is technically inaccessible for conventional SQUID detection. The superconducting micro‐magnetometer provides a new approach to exploring mesoscopic electromagnetic phenomena of quantum materials.
Sampling Dermal Interstitial Fluid Using Microneedles: A Review of Recent Developments in Sampling Methods and Microneedle‐Based Biosensors
Authors: Saifullah Khaled Mohammed , Faraji Rad Zahra
Published: February 2023

Although interstitial fluid (ISF) is recognized as an important source of biomarkers, it is difficult and time‐consuming to extract, thus limiting its use in medical diagnostic and clinical settings. An inexpensive and effective technique for accessing ISF could benefit people with various health conditions and offer platforms for on‐device sensing biomarkers. Microneedles (MNs) are minimally invasive devices that have gained extensive interest over recent decades. MNs can address some of the challenges associated with ISF extraction and sensing. Accessing ISF using MNs has the potential to develop advanced, non‐invasive point‐of‐care (POC) microdevices that enable detection or continuous monitoring within the dermal ISF, therefore drastically impacting the healthcare system. This review describes recent studies exploring MN devices for ISF sampling and sensing. Several extraction processes, sampling volume, sampling duration, integration with biosensors, sensing of biomarkers, and subsequent analysis of ISF are discussed in detail. Furthermore, opportunities, conclusions, and future prospects for developing new research in the field are also discussed.
Application of Lignin‐Derived Graphene Quantum Dots in Visible Light‐Driven Photoelectrochemical Photodetector
Authors: Wang Ruibin , Su Wenjie , Zhang Shilong , Jin Linghua , Zhang Jing , Bian Huiyang , Zhang Ye
Published: February 2023

Graphene quantum dots are the latest addition to the low‐dimensional nanomaterial family, which have drawn growing attention due to their unique physiochemical properties and potential applications in many fields. However, their practical application is hindered by the high fabrication cost and environmental concerns regarding unsustainable carbon sources and routes. This work demonstrates a universal approach to fabricate various heteroatom(s) doped lignin‐derived graphene quantum dots (LGQDs) for utilization in the photoelectrochemical‐type photodetectors (PDs). The results indicate that LGQDs are endowed with relatively dopant‐rich chemical states and tailorable broadband photoluminescence. Based on these advantages, these novel LGQDs‐based PDs present obvious and fast photo‐response within the visible region, as well as good long‐term stability in the mild neutral environment, suggesting their great practical significance. It is believed that this work paves a new way for developing PDs based on the photochemically active species from sustainable and cheap biomass‐derived lignin.
Regioisomeric Engineering to Optimize the Characteristics of TADF Emitters for High‐Performance Solution Processable Organic Light Emitting Diodes
Authors: Zhao Guimin , Zhou Renyin , Zhang Guanghao , Chen Haowen , Wang Xinjian , Zhang Zhengmao , Tian Wenwen , Jiang Wei , Sun Yueming
Published: February 2023

Nimble utilization of the regioisomerism concept plays an important role in organic optoelectronic field to exploit high‐performance materials in a concise way. However, the relationship between the binding mode and molecular property is still short of explicit understanding and it impedes the creation of desirable materials efficiently. Herein, we report three regioisomeric emitters with obvious thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and aggregation‐induced emission characteristics when multiple flexible dendrons are bonded to the different substituted position of carbazole groups (C2/C3/C4) through ether bond. Bonding positions are closely correlated with molecular electrostatic potential, emissive wavelength, reverse intersystem crossing process, and exciton utilization efficiency. Fully solution processable organic light emitting diodes manifest the otherness of these isomers in device performance, and highlight the significant status of these regioisomers not only acting as non‐doped emitter but also functioning as TADF sensitizer in a multi‐resonance system, which show a maximum external quantum efficiency of 20.8% and a narrow full width at half maximum of 29 nm.
Hypoxia‐Induced FUS–circTBC1D14 Stress Granules Promote Autophagy in TNBC
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Yiwei , He Yinqiao , Zhang Ning , Zhang Siyue , Li Yaming , Wang Xiaolong , Liang Yiran , Chen Xi , Zhao Weijing , Chen Bing , Wang Lijuan , Luo Dan , Yang Qifeng
Published: February 2023

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that is suggested to be associated with hypoxia. This study is the first to identify a novel circular RNA (circRNA), circTBC1D14, whose expression is significantly upregulated in TNBC. The authors confirm that high circTBC1D14 expression is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with breast cancer. circTBC1D14‐associated mass spectrometry and RNA‐binding protein‐related bioinformatics strategies indicate that FUS can interact with circTBC1D14, which can bind to the downstream flanking sequence of circTBC1D14 to induce cyclization. FUS is an essential biomarker associated with stress granules (SGs), and the authors find that hypoxic conditions can induce FUS–circTBC1D14‐associated SG formation in the cytoplasm after modification by protein PRMT1. Subsequently, circTBC1D14 increases the stability of PRMT1 by inhibiting its K48‐regulated polyubiquitination, leading to the upregulation of PRMT1 expression. In addition, FUS–circTBC1D14 SGs can initiate a cascade of SG‐linked proteins to recognize and control the elimination of SGs by recruiting LAMP1 and enhancing lysosome‐associated autophagy flux, thus contributing to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and promoting tumor progression in TNBC. Overall, these findings reveal that circTBC1D14 is a potential prognostic indicator that can serve as a therapeutic target for TNBC treatment.
Advanced Soft Robotic System for In Situ 3D Bioprinting and Endoscopic Surgery
Authors: Thai Mai Thanh , Phan Phuoc Thien , Tran Hien Anh , Nguyen Chi Cong , Hoang Trung Thien , Davies James , Rnjak‐Kovacina Jelena , Phan Hoang‐Phuong , Lovell Nigel Hamilton , Do Thanh Nho
Published: February 2023

Three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology offers great potential in the treatment of tissue and organ damage. Conventional approaches generally rely on a large form factor desktop bioprinter to create in vitro 3D living constructs before introducing them into the patient's body, which poses several drawbacks such as surface mismatches, structure damage, and high contamination along with tissue injury due to transport and large open‐field surgery. In situ bioprinting inside a living body is a potentially transformational solution as the body serves as an excellent bioreactor. This work introduces a multifunctional and flexible in situ 3D bioprinter (F3DB), which features a high degree of freedom soft printing head integrated into a flexible robotic arm to deliver multilayered biomaterials to internal organs/tissues. The device has a master‐slave architecture and is operated by a kinematic inversion model and learning‐based controllers. The 3D printing capabilities with different patterns, surfaces, and on a colon phantom are also tested with different composite hydrogels and biomaterials. The F3DB capability to perform endoscopic surgery is further demonstrated with fresh porcine tissue. The new system is expected to bridge a gap in the field of in situ bioprinting and support the future development of advanced endoscopic surgical robots.
Revealing Surfactant Effect of Trifluoromethylbenzene in Medium‐Concentrated PC Electrolyte for Advanced Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qin Mingsheng , Zeng Ziqi , Liu Xiaowei , Wu Yuanke , He Renjie , Zhong Wei , Cheng Shijie , Xie Jia
Published: February 2023

Despite wide‐temperature tolerance and high‐voltage compatibility, employing propylene carbonate (PC) as electrolyte in lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is hampered by solvent co‐intercalation and graphite exfoliation due to incompetent solvent‐derived solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, trifluoromethylbenzene (PhCF3), featuring both specific adsorption and anion attraction, is utilized to regulate the interfacial behaviors and construct anion‐induced SEI at low Li salts’ concentration (<1 m). The adsorbed PhCF3, showing surfactant effect on graphite surface, induces preferential accumulation and facilitated decomposition of bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anions (FSI−) based on the adsorption–attraction–reduction mechanism. As a result, PhCF3 successfully ameliorates graphite exfoliation‐induced cell failure in PC‐based electrolyte and enables the practical operation of NCM613/graphite pouch cell with high reversibility at 4.35 V (96% capacity retention over 300 cycles at 0.5 C). This work constructs stable anion‐derived SEI at low concentration of Li salt by regulating anions–co‐solvents interaction and electrode/electrolyte interfacial chemistries.
An “AND” Molecular Logic Gate as a Super‐Enhancers for De Novo Designing Activatable Probe and Its Application in Atherosclerosis Imaging
Authors: Sang Mangmang , Huang Yibo , Wang Lu , Chen Lei , Nawsherwan  , Li Gang , Wang Yan , Yu Xiu , Dai Cuilian , Zheng Jinrong
Published: February 2023

Developing activatable fluorescent probes with superlative fluorescence enhancement factor (F/F0) to improve the signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio is still an urgent issue. “AND” molecular logic gates are emerging as a useful tool for enhanced probes selectivity and accuracy. Here, an “AND” logic gate is developed as super‐enhancers for designing activatable probes with huge F/F0 and S/N ratio. It utilizes lipid‐droplets (LDs) as controllable background input and sets the target analyte as variable input. The fluorescence is tremendously quenching due to double locking, thus an extreme F/F0 ratio of target analyte is obtained. Importantly, this probe can transfer to LDs after a response occurs. The target analyte can be directly visualized through the spatial location without a control group. Accordingly, a peroxynitrite (ONOO−) activatable probe (CNP2‐B) is de novo designed. The F/F0 of CNP2‐B achieves 2600 after reacting with ONOO−. Furthermore, CNP2‐B can transfer from mitochondria to lipid droplets after being activated. The higher selectivity and S/N ratio of CNP2‐B are obtained than commercial probe 3'‐(p‐hydroxyphenyl) fluorescein (HPFin vitro and in vivo. Therefore, the atherosclerotic plaques at mouse models are delineated clearly after administration with in situ CNP2‐B probe gel. Such input controllable “AND” logic gate is envisioned to execute more imaging tasks.
Brain‐Penetrating and Disease Site‐Targeting Manganese Dioxide‐Polymer‐Lipid Hybrid Nanoparticles Remodel Microenvironment of Alzheimer's Disease by Regulating Multiple Pathological Pathways
Authors: Park Elliya , Li Lily Yi , He Chunsheng , Abbasi Azhar Z. , Ahmed Taksim , Foltz Warren D. , O'Flaherty Regan , Zain Maham , Bonin Robert P. , Rauth Andrew M. , Fraser Paul E. , Henderson Jeffrey T. , Wu Xiao Yu
Published: February 2023

Finding effective disease‐modifying treatment for Alzheimer's disease remains challenging due to an array of factors contributing to the loss of neural function. The current study demonstrates a new strategy, using multitargeted bioactive nanoparticles to modify the brain microenvironment to achieve therapeutic benefits in a well‐characterized mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. The application of brain‐penetrating manganese dioxide nanoparticles significantly reduces hypoxia, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress; ultimately reducing levels of amyloid β plaques within the neocortex. Analyses of molecular biomarkers and magnetic resonance imaging‐based functional studies indicate that these effects improve microvessel integrity, cerebral blood flow, and cerebral lymphatic clearance of amyloid β. These changes collectively shift the brain microenvironment toward conditions more favorable to continued neural function as demonstrated by improved cognitive function following treatment. Such multimodal disease‐modifying treatment may bridge critical gaps in the therapeutic treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
Prognostic significance of osteosarcopenia in older adults with colorectal cancer
Authors: Takano Yasuhiro , Kodera Keita , Tsukihara Shu , Takahashi Sumika , Kobayashi Yasunobu , Koyama Muneyuki , Kanno Hironori , Ishiyama Satoshi , Hanyu Nobuyoshi , Eto Ken
Published: February 2023

Aim

Osteopenia and sarcopenia, features of the aging process, are recognized as major health problems in an aging society. This study investigated the prognostic impact of osteosarcopenia, the coexistence of osteopenia and sarcopenia, in older adults undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data of older adults aged 65–98 y who had undergone curative resection for colorectal cancer. Osteopenia was evaluated by bone mineral density measurement in the midvertebral core of the 11th thoracic vertebra on preoperative computed tomography images. Sarcopenia was evaluated by measuring the skeletal muscle cross‐sectional area at the third lumbar vertebra level. Osteosarcopenia was defined as the coexistence of osteopenia and sarcopenia. We explored the relationship of preoperative osteosarcopenia with the disease‐free and overall survival after curative resection.

Results

Among the 325 patients included, those with osteosarcopenia had significantly lower overall survival rates than those with osteopenia or sarcopenia alone (P < 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, male sex (P = 0.045), C‐reactive protein‐to‐albumin ratio (P < 0.01), osteosarcopenia (P < 0.01), pathological T4 stage (P = 0.023), and pathological N1/N2 stage (P < 0.01) were independent predictors of disease‐free survival, while age (P < 0.01), male sex (P = 0.049), C‐reactive protein‐to‐albumin ratio (P < 0.01), osteosarcopenia (P < 0.01), pathological T4 stage (P = 0.036), pathological N1/N2 stage (P < 0.01), and carbohydrate antigen 19–9 (P = 0.041) were independent predictors of overall survival.

Conclusion

Osteosarcopenia was a strong predictor of poor outcomes in older adults undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer, suggesting an important role of osteosarcopenia in an aging society.
Synthesis of BaZrS3 and BaHfS3 Chalcogenide Perovskite Films Using Single‐Phase Molecular Precursors at Moderate Temperatures
Authors: Pradhan Apurva A. , Uible Madeleine C. , Agarwal Shubhanshu , Turnley Jonathan W. , Khandelwal Shriya , Peterson Jonas M. , Blach Daria D. , Swope Ryan N. , Huang Libai , Bart Suzanne C. , Agrawal Rakesh
Published: February 2023

Chalcogenide perovskites have garnered interest for applications in semiconductor devices due to their excellent predicted optoelectronic properties and stability. However, high synthesis temperatures have historically made these materials incompatible with the creation of photovoltaic devices. Here, we demonstrate the solution processed synthesis of luminescent BaZrS3 and BaHfS3 chalcogenide perovskite films using single‐phase molecular precursors at sulfurization temperatures of 575 °C and sulfurization times as short as one hour. These molecular precursor inks were synthesized using known carbon disulfide insertion chemistry to create Group 4 metal dithiocarbamates, and this chemistry was extended to create species, such as barium dithiocarboxylates, that have never been reported before. These findings, with added future research, have the potential to yield fully solution processed thin films of chalcogenide perovskites for various optoelectronic applications.
Stable Ketenyl Anions via Ligand Exchange at an Anionic Carbon as Powerful Synthons**
Authors: Wei Rui , Wang Xin‐Feng , Ruiz David A. , Liu Liu Leo
Published: February 2023

Under an atmosphere of carbon monoxide (CO), a (phosphino)diazomethyl anion salt [[P]‐CN2][K(18‐C‐6)(THF)] (1) ([P]=[(CH2)(NDipp)]2P; 18‐C‐6=18‐crown‐6; Dipp=2,6‐diisopropylphenyl) undergoes a facile N2/CO exchange reaction giving the (phosphino)ketenyl anion salt [[P]‐CCO][K(18‐C‐6)] (2). Oxidation of 2 with elemental Se affords the (selenophosphoryl)ketenyl anion salt [P](Se)‐CCO][K(18‐C‐6)] (3). These ketenyl anions feature a strongly bent geometry at the P‐bound carbon and this carbon atom is highly nucleophilic. The electronic structure of the ketenyl anion [[P]‐CCO]− of 2 is examined by theoretical studies. Reactivity investigations demonstrate 2 as a versatile synthon for derivatives of ketene, enolate, acrylate and acrylimidate moieties.
Operando Stability of Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts
Authors: Bae Geunsu , Han Sunghoon , Oh Hyung‐Suk , Choi Chang Hyuck
Published: February 2023

Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) are appealing next‐generation catalysts for various electrochemical technologies. Along with significant breakthroughs in their initial activity, SACs now face the next challenge for their viable applications, insufficient operational stability. In this Minireview, we summarize the current knowledge of SAC degradation mechanisms mainly based on Fe−N−C SACs, some of the most investigated SACs. Recent studies on isolated metal, ligand, and support degradations are introduced, and the underlying fundamentals of each degradation path are categorized into active site density (SD) and turnover frequency (TOF) losses. Finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects for the future outlook of stable SACs.
Photo‐responsive cellulose nanocrystal modified fluorinated polyacrylate based on coumarin chemistry
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , Liu Xiuqing , Wang Xueli
Published: February 2023

Photo‐responsive cellulose nanocrystal modified fluorinated polyacrylate was synthesized by environmentally friendly RAFT‐mediated Pickering emulsion polymerization using amphiphilic block copolymer modified cellulose nanocrystal poly(acrylic acid)‐g‐CNC‐g‐poly (hexafluorobutyl acrylate‐co‐7‐(2‐methacryloyloxyethoxy)‐4‐methylcoumarin) PAA‐g‐CNC‐g‐P (HFBA‐co‐CMA) (MCNC) as a stabilizer, and the photo‐responsive coumarin groups were introduced to endow it with self‐healing function. This paper mainly studied the effect of MCNC dosage on emulsion polymerization and latex film properties. The latex particle size and its distribution decreased as the MCNC dosage increased from 0.4 wt% to 1.0 wt%, and then increased afterwards. The mechanical property and thermal stability of latex films could be significantly improved by introducing MCNC. And the surface scratches of latex films with MCNC exceeding 0.4 wt% could be completely repaired after 7 h UV irradiation. Furthermore, the photo‐responsive cellulose nanocrystal modified fluorinated polyacrylate emulsion was applied to fabric finishing by dip‐rolling treatment. And the finished fabric had good hydrophobicity, oleophobicity and surface repair performance.
Influence of E‐beam irradiation on compounds from linear low density polyethylene and thermoplastic vulcanized rubber consisting of a polypropylene and ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber phase
Authors: Krieg David , Sergeieva Olena , Jungkind Sabine , Rennert Mirko , Nase Michael
Published: February 2023

Linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) crosslinks under irradiation in the range of up to 250 kGy. Crosslinking leads to better chemical and thermal resistance but causes reduction in mechanical performance. To counter this reduction, compounds of LLDPE with thermoplastic elastomers (TPV) were made. Specimens were irradiated with doses reaching from 99 to 231 kGy. Gel content shows a decrease of around 12% for compounds with 20 wt% of TPV compared to pure LLDPE. It is also found that compounds containing 10 wt% TPV experience a 4% higher gel content than predicted. For higher amounts of TPV elongation at break increases from 689% for pure LLDPE to 769% and tensile strength decreases from 31.9 to 30.5 MPa. Under irradiation, a trend to lower elongations and tensile strengths is observed. Elongation at break decreased around 200% and tensile strength around 5 MPa under irradiation. Thermal analysis of TPV showed that while the melting temperature decreases, its crystallinity first rises for doses up to 165 kGy before decreasing. Infrared spectroscopy was used to identify changes in the chemical structure, where evidence of surface oxidation under irradiation is found for all compounds with LLDPE.
Inverse Electron‐Demanding Diels–Alder Reactions in the Chemical Synthesis of Prenylated Indole Alkaloids Containing a Bicycle[2.2.2]diazaoctane Moiety: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Xu Wenqiang , Sun Tian‐Yu , Di Yingtong , Hao Xiaojiang , Wu Yun‐Dong
Published: February 2023

The Diels–Alder reaction is believed to be a key step in the biosynthesis of prenylated indole alkaloids containing a bicycle[2.2.2]diazaoctane moiety. Many chemical syntheses of bicyclic structures by Diels–Alder reactions have been reported, but the reaction mechanism remains underexplored. We have carried out DFT calculations on both acid‐ and base‐promoted Diels–Alder reactions in these syntheses and reveal that the reactions occur through an inverse‐electron demand mechanism. We hope that the new mechanism is helpful for the mechanistic understanding of the biosynthesis of this class of important natural products.
Non‐approximation‐based outputs stabilization for switched large‐scale nonlinear systems with quantized inputs and sensor uncertainties
Authors: Wang Wanli , Lin Yan
Published: February 2023

A non‐approximation‐based output feedback control strategy for a class of switched large‐scale nonlinear systems with quantized inputs and sensor uncertainties is proposed. A dynamic gain, which is shared by the state observers and controllers of all the subsystems, is designed so that the effects of sensor uncertainties, quantized inputs, unknown parameters, and external disturbances can be compensated. By constructing some common Lyapunov functions (CLFs) shared by the switched systems, it is proved that with the proposed scheme, the closed‐loop system stability can be guaranteed under arbitrary switching, and the outputs of all the subsystems can be steered to within arbitrarily small neighborhoods of the origin.