bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in the influence of daily behavior on health among older adults in urban and rural areas: evidence from China
Authors: Liu Weizhong , Zheng Renjie , Zhang Yu , Zhang Wang
Published: October 2023

Background

As the population of older adult in China keeps growing, the degree of aging is becoming increasingly serious and the health of older adults is a growing concern. Comparing the personal characteristics and health levels of urban and rural older adults and determining the relationship between these factors are of great significance in maintaining their health. In addition, exploring how these relationships differ between urban and rural areas is important.

Method

This study conducted a literature review to examine the impact of various factors on the physical and mental health of older adults in urban and rural areas in China. Moreover, based on cross-sectional data from the 2017 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS), urban–rural differences in the factors’ degree of influence on the perceived health of older adults were studied using multiple logistic regression.

Results

Regular physical exercise had a powerful protective effect on urban older adults’ physical and mental health, whereas regular participation in social activities had a positive impact on rural older adults’ health. Low income, low educational level, low social trust, lack of a partner, and having more than one child negatively affected the physical health of rural older people. Low socioeconomic status had a negative impact on rural people’s health both in mind and body. Overall, the rural adults’ health status was found to be relatively low and deserves more attention.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that older people’s physical and mental health levels can be significantly affected by the frequency of daily activities and individual and family characteristics. Furthermore, urban–rural differences were observed. These findings could provide feasible suggestions for governments, communities, and older adults’ family members to help alleviate health inequality.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices associated with bioterrorism preparedness in healthcare workers: a systematic review
Authors: Li Tiantian , Zhang Yongzhong , Yao Lulu , Bai Song , Li Nan , Ren Shaotong
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Bioterrorism is an important issue in the field of biosecurity, and effectively dealing with bioterrorism has become an urgent task worldwide. Healthcare workers are considered bioterrorism first responders, who shoulder essential responsibilities and must be equipped to deal with bioterrorism. This study aims to extract and summarize the main research components of the bioterrorism knowledge, attitude, and practice dimensions among healthcare workers.

Method

This study utilized a systematic review research design based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A literature search was conducted in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases for peer-reviewed literature, and the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018 was used to assess the quality of the literature.

Result

A total of 16 studies were included in the final selection. Through the analysis and summary of the included studies, three main aspects and 14 subaspects of the knowledge dimension, three main aspects and 10 subaspects of the attitude dimension, and two main aspects and six subaspects of the practice dimension were extracted.

Conclusion

This study conducted a literature review on bioterrorism knowledge, attitudes, and practices for healthcare workers based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The findings can guide improvements in health literacy and provide beneficial information to professional organizations that need to respond effectively to bioterrorism.
HIV in MOTION: a community of practice on physical rehabilitation for and by people living with HIV and their allies
Authors: Ibáñez-Carrasco Francisco , Jiancaro Tizneem , Torres Brittany , McDuff Kiera , Da Silva George , Lindsay Joanne , Price Colleen , Islam Shaz , Bradford Glen , O'Brien Kelly K.
Published: October 2023

Background

This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a community of practice (CoP), HIV in MOTION (HIM), to advance physical activity rehabilitation interventions with adults living with HIV, clinicians, researchers, and representatives from community-based organizations. We attracted a diverse audience of geographically dispersed people living with HIV, clinicians, exercise personnel, and trainees to eight HIM community of practice events that featured the clinical, research, and lived experience of people living with HIV. HIV in MOTION had (a) a domain related to physical rehabilitation, exercise, and social participation for people living with HIV; (b) a community of diverse individuals; and (c) a practice, that is, a series of sustained interactions online and offline, synchronous, and asynchronous. Our team included six diverse people living with HIV, two coordinators, and three academic researchers who planned, prepared, implemented, and evaluated each online session. To evaluate the HIV in MOTION CoP, we employed an evaluation framework composed of five criteria: Goals and Scope, Context and Structure, Process and Activities, Outcomes, and Impact. We collected quantitative and qualitative evaluative data using online evaluation, audiovisual archiving, and participant observations during the debriefing with all members of our team.

Results

We widened the Goals and Scope of the HIV in MOTION CoP to include the HIV narrative of lived experiences, including autopathography, and participant storytelling. In matters of Context and Structure, we received explicit satisfaction with our governance and leadership. Also, being flexible to fit online formats was a productive strategy that made the HIV in MOTION CoP sessions agile and amenable to audiovisual archiving. Our indicators of success in Process, Activities, and Outcomes included participant retention online, elicited verbal interventions and comments in the chat room, and a rate of three repeat visits online. The indicators of success of Impact were the presence of voluntary and unscripted autopathography, the patient storytelling and how it reportedly caused changes in the participants, and the “legitimate peripheral participation” of emerging research and clinical students. In conclusion, we recommend our form of CoP for mixing the knowledge of diverse persons in this area. However, we recommend considering budget and burnout as serious challenges to sustainability.
Artificial intelligence unveils key interactions between soil properties and climate factors on Boletus edulis and B. reticulatus mycelium in chestnut orchards of different ages
Authors: Santolamazza-Carbone Serena , Iglesias-Bernabé Laura , Landin Mariana , Rueda Elena Benito , Barreal M. Esther , Gallego Pedro Pablo
Published: October 2023

The main objective of this study was to determine the possible interaction of two important abiotic factors (soil and climate) on the mycelial concentration and frequency of the ectomycorrhizal fungi Boletus edulis and B. reticulatus, using traditional statistics and artificial neural network tools. The frequency and concentration of Boletus mycelium were determined over three months (September, October, and November), and two years (2018 and 2020), in three hybrid chestnuts (Castanea × coudercii) orchards of 40-, 10-, and 3- years-old, using real-time qPCR. Statistical analysis revealed a significant effect of the year on B. edulis mycelium concentration and of the sampling plot (different tree ages) on B. reticulatus frequency. The combination of artificial intelligence networks (ANN) with fuzzy logic, named neurofuzzy logic (NF), allowed the construction of two robust models. In the first, using year, month, and sampling plot as inputs, NF identified hidden interactions between year and month on B. edulis mycelium concentration and between sampling plot and sampling month on B. reticulatus mycelium frequency, thus improving the information obtained from the statistical analysis. In the second model, those three factors were disaggregated into 44 inputs, including 20 soil properties and 24 climatic factors, being NF able to select only 8 as critical factors to explain the variability found in both ectomycorrhizal Boletus species regarding mycelial frequency and concentration. Specifically, NF selected two chemical soil properties (cation exchange capacity and total carbon) and three physical properties (macroaggregates, total porosity, and soil moisture at field capacity), as well as their interactions with three climatic elements (cumulative difference between precipitation and potential evapotranspiration (P-PET-1-2) and water deficit (WD-1-2) in the previous two months and excess water (WE-1) in the month prior to sampling. These results provide a much deeper understanding and new insights into the ecology and the role of abiotic factors which explain the different mycelial development patterns of ectomycorrhizal fungi such as B. edulis and B. reticulatus in chestnut agroecosystems.
Feline Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells as a feeder layer for oocytes maturation and embryos culture in vitro
Authors: Baouche Meriem , Ochota Małgorzata , Mermillod Pascal , Locatelli Yann , Nizanski Wojciech
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Due to their capacity to release growth factors and cytokines, co-culture using mesenchymal stem cells has been considered a good alternative to promoting the maturation of the oocytes and the embryo’s development quality in vitro in different mammalian species. In this regard, we investigated the effect of feline Wharton’s jelly MSCs as feeders layer in oocyte maturation—consequently, the development of resulting embryos in co-culture.

Methods

Oocytes with dark cytoplasm and a few layers of cumulus cells were collected and subjected to in vitro maturation and embryo culture using commercial media with and without MSCs addition. The oocytes’ nuclear maturation and the degree of cumulus expansion in different groups were assessed after 24 h; the development of the embryo was evaluated every 12 h until day eight.

Results

Although MSCs increased the proportion of cumulus cells oocytes exhibiting cumulus expansion, there were no significant differences in the percentage of matured oocytes (metaphase II) among the groups (p > 0.05). However, the embryo development differs significantly, with a higher cleavage, morula, and blastocyst percentage in oocytes matured with MSC co-culture conditions than in commercial media alone (p < 0.05). Also, we observed higher morula and blastocyst rates in the embryos co-cultured with MSCs during the in vitro culture (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Based on our results, the co-culture with MSCs during the oocyte maturation resulted in better embryo development, as well as the MSCs addition during embryo culture returned an increased number of morula and blastocysts. Further research is needed to fully understand and optimize the use of MSCs in oocyte maturation and embryo development.
Health Insurance Literacy and Medical Care Avoidance Among International Students: A Case Study
Authors: Liu Echu , Arledge Samantha A. , Cai Miao , Tao Donghua , Li Wei
Published: October 2023

Objectives: This research examines the health insurance literacy and healthcare utilization of international students attending a university in the US Midwest.

Methods: One hundred and forty-three undergraduate and graduate students attending a midsize metropolitan university in the Midwest completed an online survey in early 2022.

Results: Many students surveyed could not identify the definitions of basic terms, such as copay. Furthermore, about 80% of students surveyed could not determine their financial responsibilities in two medical settings. Regression results show that the continent they are from and the length of their stay in the United States significantly predict their understanding of key health insurance terms. More than half of the international students surveyed indicated they often feel confused about their health insurance (57.34%). Only about 20% have delayed or skipped care due to unfamiliarity with the health insurance system.

Conclusion: The health insurance literacy of most international students at the midwestern university we surveyed is not ideal. This and possibly other universities in the United States should take more initiatives to help their international students understand the health insurance system.
Exploring the Just Noticeable Interaction Stiffness Differences of an Impedance-Controlled Series Elastic Actuator
Authors: Velasco-Guillen Rodrigo J. , Schofer Felix , Bliek Adna , Beckerle Philipp
Published: October 2023

The integration of a passive elastic element in series between a motor and its load is popular in many human–robot interaction scenarios. By virtually imposing elastic behavior on the motor, an impedance control can act as a second stiffness to such an actuator. In this study, we investigated how participants perceived the different stiffness settings in a series elastic actuator by measuring the Just Noticeable Difference (JND) of the real stiffness of the elastic element and the virtual stiffness introduced by impedance control. We conducted a user study during which participants interacted with an impedance-controlled Series Elastic Actuator through a lever. During the user study, we varied the real stiffness of the elastic element and the virtual stiffness. We found that participants seem to perceive both the virtual stiffness and the real stiffness in the same way and in accordance to Weber’s law, which states that the stiffness JND is always equal to a fraction of the initial stiffness. Following these findings, we concluded that the impedance controller can implement an effective virtual stiffness with a behavior comparable to a real torsional spring. Therefore, a system combining real and virtual stiffness can simulate a single combined stiffness for a user interacting with it.
Apparent Metabolizable Energy and Amino Acid Digestibility of Corn of Different Origin Fed to Male Broilers from 12 to 18 Days of Age
Authors: Vargas Jose I. , Gulizia Joseph P. , Bonilla Susan M. , Sasia Santiago , Pacheco Wilmer J.
Published: October 2023

Apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility (AIAAD) of corn samples from the United States (USA), Argentina (ARG), and Brazil (BRA) fed to 432 and 324 YPM × Ross 708 male broilers from 12 to 18 d of age were evaluated using the total collection method (experiment 1) and index method (experiment 2), respectively. In experiment 1, broilers were fed either a basal diet with 30% dextrose inclusion, or a test diet obtained by the replacement of dextrose with corn from each origin. In experiment 2, broilers were fed one of three test diets in which corn from each origin was the only source of AA. All dietary treatments had 12 replicate cages. Similar (p > 0.05) AME (dry-matter basis) values were observed between corn samples. The highest gap in AME (43 kcal/kg) was found between corn from BRA (3694 kcal/kg) and corn from the USA (3651 kcal/kg). Likewise, similar (p > 0.05) AIAAD values were observed for all AA apart from tryptophan (Trp), as corn from BRA (77.45%) had a higher (p = 0.024) Trp digestibility than corn from the USA (72.53%). Overall, a similar nutrient utilization by the birds was observed for the corn samples, regardless of origin.
Monitoring of Body Condition in Dairy Cows to Assess Disease Risk at the Individual and Herd Level
Authors: Rearte Ramiro , Lorenti Santiago Nicolas , Dominguez German , de la Sota Rodolfo Luzbel , Lacau-Mengido Isabel María , Giuliodori Mauricio Javier
Published: October 2023

A retrospective longitudinal study assessing the explanatory and predictive capacity of body condition score (BCS) in dairy cows on disease risk at the individual and herd level was carried out. Data from two commercial grazing herds from the Argentinean Pampa were gathered (Herd A = 2100 and herd B = 2600 milking cows per year) for 4 years. Logistic models were used to assess the association of BCS indicators with the odds for anestrus at the cow and herd level. Population attributable fraction (AFP) was estimated to assess the anestrus rate due to BCS indicators. We found that anestrus risk decreased in cows calving with BCS ≥ 3 and losing ≤ 0.5 (OR: 0.07–0.41), and that anestrus rate decreased in cohorts with a high frequency of cows with proper BCS (OR: 0.22–0.45). Despite aggregated data having a good explanatory power, their predictive capacity for anestrus rate at the herd level is poor (AUC: 0.574–0.679). The AFP varied along the study in both herds and tended to decrease every time the anestrous rate peaked. We conclude that threshold-based models with BCS indicators as predictors are useful to understand disease risk (e.g., anestrus), but conversely, they are useless to predict such multicausal disease events at the herd level.
Feeding Behavior Responses of the Small Copepod, Paracalanus parvus, to Toxic Algae at Different Concentrations
Authors: Ding Zixuan , Sun Xiaohong , Qiao Yiming , Liu Ying , Liu Jihua
Published: October 2023

The feeding relationship between copepods and phytoplankton has immense ecological significance. This study investigated the feeding behavior of copepods by studying the feeding selectivity of Paracalanus parvus, a key small copepod species, using a high-speed camera. The feeding behavior of P. parvus separately fed on three algae, Prorocentrum minimum, Alexandrium minutum, and Thalassiosira weissflogii, was studied at five different concentrations. The factors characterizing feeding behavior, including the beating frequency (BF), beating time (BT), and rejection behavior, were analyzed. The average BT and BF of P. parvus fed on toxic algae were significantly lower than those of copepods fed on nontoxic algae, indicating that the toxic algae negatively affected their feeding behavior. There were no significant differences in feed rejection among the three algae during the short period of experimentation, indicating that the rejection behavior was insignificant in the early period (within 20 min) of feeding on toxic algae. The feeding behavior was inhibited when the concentration reached 250 cells/mL. The BT was initially affected at increasing concentrations followed by the BF, and P. minimum and A. minutum reduced the BF at concentrations of 250 and 1000 cells/mL, respectively. Analysis of the average BFs revealed that P. parvus was more significantly affected by P. minimum containing diarrheal shellfish poison than by A. minutum containing paralytic shellfish poison. The BF of copepods fed on P. minimum was significantly lower than that of copepods fed on A. minutum at 250–500 cells/mL but was not significantly different from that at 1000 cells/mL. This indicated that the inhibitory effect of P. minimum on the feeding behavior was more significant at concentrations observed at the onset of red tide blooms (0.25–0.5 × 102 cells/mL), but insignificant at concentrations reaching those in advanced red tides (>103 cells/mL). This study demonstrates that toxic dinoflagellates alter the feeding behavior of copepods and describes the variations in their feeding response to different algal species and concentrations. The findings provide crucial insights for further studies on the feeding relationship between copepods and phytoplankton and on functional assessment of plankton ecosystems.
An Evaluation of the Supplementation of Rumen-Protected Lysine and Methionine on the Lactation Performance of Fall Parturition Grazing Holstein Cows in Southern Chile
Authors: Melendez Pedro , Möller Jan , Arevalo Alejandra , Stevens Claudio , Pinedo Pablo
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the supplementation of rumen-protected (RP) methionine and lysine on milk yield, solids, and body weight over time on fall-calving grazing multiparous Holstein cows from Chile. Four treatment groups were studied and compared for the outcomes over time. The treatments were as follows: (i) CON: control (n = 26); (ii) RP lysine group (LYS; 20 g per cow per day; n = 26); (iii) RP methionine group (MET; 20 g per cow per day; n = 26); and (iv) LYS × MET (RP lysine and RP methionine 20 g of each amino acid per cow per day; n = 26). Data were analyzed with general linear mixed model ANOVAs for repeated measures to primarily test the main effects of each amino acid and their interactions. The supplementation of the amino acids was conducted from 2 to 70 days postpartum. Overall, milk production tended to be higher in the MET and in the LYS × MET group when compared to the control group. Furthermore, CON produced significantly less milk protein (kg) and milk fat (kg) than the LYS, MET, and LYS × MET groups. Milk urea tended to be lower during the entire study in the CON group than the rest of the groups. There was a trend for a reduction in the losses of postpartum body weight in the LYS × MET than the CON. In conclusion, RP methionine and lysine improved milk fat and protein yield in grazing multiparous cows with fall parturitions; consequently, both RP amino acids can be used as a strategy for improving grazing cows’ production performance.
Multidisciplinary Planning in Orthognathic Surgery for Prosthetic Patients
Authors: Brauner Edoardo , Amelina Giulia , Laudoni Federico , Fadda Maria Teresa , Armida Matteo , De Angelis Francesca , Pranno Nicola , Bossù Maurizio , Valentini Valentino , Di Carlo Stefano
Published: October 2023

The correction of malocclusions with severe skeletal deformity generally requires surgery combined with orthodontic or prosthodontic treatment; partially or totally edentulous patients, and patients with a prosthetic fixed crown, represent treatment restrictions and, therefore, challenges. The purpose of this study is to show a complete multidisciplinary approach and the planning involved (pre-, intra-, and post-operative) for a patient with a class-II or -III dento-skeletal malformation, who presents a total or partial edentulism or a fixed-type rehabilitation and, therefore, requires a combined orthognathic surgical treatment with prosthetic rehabilitation. Orthognathic surgery can be performed on an edentulous or prosthodontic patient to correct discrepancies between the jaws, followed by the placement of implants or a mobile prosthesis to rehabilitate the maxillary bones maxillary Different surgical approaches and technical variations have been proposed; however, the key to the success of such treatments lies in the multidisciplinary nature of the entire diagnostic, programmatic, and therapeutic path, which, therefore, necessitates close collaboration between different specialists—in particular, the maxillofacial surgeon, the orthodontist, and the prosthetist.
Expression of C Reactive Protein in Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Periodontitis Wearing Metal-Ceramic Dental Crowns
Authors: Dimofte Alina-Ramona , Gheorghe Dorin Nicolae , Popescu Dora Maria , Mitruț Ioana , Mărășescu Petre Costin , Manolea Horia Octavian , Boldeanu Mihail Virgil , Şurlin Petra
Published: October 2023

Metal-ceramic crowns (MC) have long been considered as gold standard for dental prosthetic restorations. Our study aims to evaluate the influence of MC, with conventional technology used for the framework, on the periodontal parameters and levels of C reactive protein, an inflammatory marker, in gingival crevicular fluid in patients diagnosed with periodontitis. Two groups were established: the test group T-28 teeth from the lateral area wearing a MC crown and the control group C-28 teeth without any wearing. These parameters were evaluated: probing depth, Gingival Index, and longevity of crowns. The quantitative assessment through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of the targeted pro-inflammatory mediator was performed. There is a difference statistically significant between the groups T and C regarding the marker’s levels and gingival index, a very strong correlation between these levels and probing depth and a strong correlation between longevity and Gingival Index. Periodontal clinical parameters are more pronounced the longer the time elapsed since the application of the crowns. Expression of C reactive protein is higher in the presence of MC crowns.
Capacity-Operation Collaborative Optimization for Wind-Solar-Hydrogen Multi-Energy Supply System
Authors: Liu Lintong , Zhai Rongrong , Hu Yangdi , Yin Hang , Wang Qiang , Xu Yu , Sun Chongbao
Published: October 2023

In pursuit of widespread adoption of renewable energy and the realization of decarbonization objectives, this study investigates an innovative system known as a wind-solar-hydrogen multi-energy supply (WSH-MES) system. This system seamlessly integrates a wind farm, photovoltaic power station, solar thermal power station, and hydrogen energy network at the power grid level. Central to the study is the introduction of a bi-level collaborative optimization model—an innovative algorithmic framework specifically tailored for complex multi-energy systems. This model co-optimizes both the capacity planning of essential system components and their annual load distribution, adeptly navigating the complexities of optimizing capacity and annual load distribution under uncertain energy sources and load conditions. A layered methodology synergistically combines linear programming with an advanced version of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II. When applied to a real-world case study in Zhangbei, China, this approach identifies an optimal system capacity, leading to annual green power generation of 201.56 GW and a substantial reduction of over 173,703 tons of CO2 emissions. An economic analysis further reveals that each 1% reduction in CO2 emissions corresponds to a modest 1.7% increase in the system’s levelized cost of energy. Moreover, a comprehensive exploration of the impacts of various capacity parameters on the WSH-MES system’s performance is conducted. These insights offer invaluable guidance for the large-scale advancement of efficient renewable energy utilization and the attainment of decarbonization targets.
Research on the Calculation Model and Control Method of Initial Supporting Force for Temporary Support in the Underground Excavation Roadway of Coal Mine
Authors: Wang Dongjie , Li Rui , Cheng Jiameng , Zheng Weixiong , Shen Yang , Zhao Sihai , Wu Miao
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes a temporary support system for improving the efficiency and safety of underground roadway excavation in coal mines. Firstly, this study establishes a calculation model for the initial supporting force of the excavation of roadway temporary support and a gray system-based automatic prediction model for the initial supporting force level, based on the mechanism of temporary support controlling the roof. These models enable the prediction of the required initial supporting force at different locations along the roadway’s temporary support area, thereby providing a basis for controlling the initial supporting force of the temporary support system. To achieve efficient and adaptive control of the initial supporting force of temporary supports at different locations, this study designs a support force controller based on Simulated Annealing Particle Swarm Optimization Proportional-Integral-Derivative (SAPSO-PID). This study establishes a mathematical model for the hydraulic cylinder pressure system controlled by the temporary support overflow valve and conducts a stability analysis and model verification. The study constructs a simulation control system for the initial supporting force based on SAPSO-PID using the combined simulation platform of AMESim and Matlab. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed support force control system efficiently achieves adaptive control of the initial supporting force of temporary supports. An experimental system in the underground roadway of a coal mine is constructed to validate the results of the simulation analysis.
Analysis of the Stress–Strength Model Using Uniform Truncated Negative Binomial Distribution under Progressive Type-II Censoring
Authors: EL-Sagheer Rashad M. , Eliwa Mohamed S. , El-Morshedy Mahmoud , Al-Essa Laila A. , Al-Bossly Afrah , Abd-El-Monem Amel
Published: October 2023

In this study, we introduce a novel estimation technique for assessing the reliability parameter R=P(Y<X) of the uniform truncated negative binomial distribution (UTNBD) in the context of stress–strength analysis. We base our inferences on the assumption that both the strength (X) and stress (Y) random variables follow a UTNBD with identical first shape and scale parameters. In the presence of a progressive type-II censoring scheme, we employ maximum likelihood, two parametric bootstrap methods, and Bayesian estimation approaches to derive the estimators. Due to the complexity introduced by censoring, the estimators are not available in explicit forms and are instead obtained through numerical approximation techniques. Furthermore, we compute the highest posterior density credible intervals and determine the asymptotic variance-covariance matrix. To assess the performance of our proposed estimators, we conduct a Monte Carlo simulation study and provide a comparative analysis. Finally, we illustrate the practical applicability of our study with an engineering application.
Immunomodulatory Potential of Fungal Extracellular Vesicles: Insights for Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Nenciarini Stefano , Cavalieri Duccio
Published: October 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicular organelles that perform a variety of biological functions including cell communication across different biological kingdoms. EVs of mammals and, to a lesser extent, bacteria have been deeply studied over the years, whereas investigations of fungal EVs are still in their infancy. Fungi, encompassing both yeast and filamentous forms, are increasingly recognized for their production of extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing a wealth of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. These EVs play pivotal roles in orchestrating fungal communities, bolstering pathogenicity, and mediating interactions with the environment. Fungal EVs have emerged as promising candidates for innovative applications, not only in the management of mycoses but also as carriers for therapeutic molecules. Yet, numerous questions persist regarding fungal EVs, including their mechanisms of generation, release, cargo regulation, and discharge. This comprehensive review delves into the present state of knowledge regarding fungal EVs and provides fresh insights into the most recent hypotheses on the mechanisms driving their immunomodulatory properties. Furthermore, we explore the considerable potential of fungal EVs in the realms of medicine and biotechnology. In the foreseeable future, engineered fungal cells may serve as vehicles for tailoring cargo- and antigen-specific EVs, positioning them as invaluable biotechnological tools for diverse medical applications, such as vaccines and drug delivery.
Enhancing Gastric Cancer Therapeutic Efficacy through Synergistic Cotreatment of Linderae Radix and Hyperthermia in AGS Cells
Authors: Ahn Chae-Ryeong , Baek Seung-Ho
Published: October 2023

Gastric cancer remains a global health threat, particularly in Asian countries. Current treatment methods include surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. However, they all have limitations, such as adverse side effects, tumor resistance, and patient tolerance. Hyperthermia therapy uses heat to selectively target and destroy cancer cells, but it has limited efficacy when used alone. Linderae Radix (LR), a natural compound with thermogenic effects, has the potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of hyperthermia treatment. In this study, we investigated the synergistic anticancer effects of cotreatment with LR and 43 °C hyperthermia in AGS gastric cancer cells. The cotreatment inhibited AGS cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, caused cell cycle arrest, suppressed heat-induced heat shock responses, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and promoted mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation. N-acetylcysteine pretreatment abolished the apoptotic effect of LR and hyperthermia cotreatment, indicating the crucial role of ROS in mediating the observed anticancer effects. These findings highlight the potential of LR as an adjuvant to hyperthermia therapy for gastric cancer. Further research is needed to validate these findings in vivo, explore the underlying molecular pathways, and optimize treatment protocols for the development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies for patients with gastric cancer.
Bacteria-Infected Artificial Urine Characterization Based on a Combined Approach Using an Electronic Tongue Complemented with 1H-NMR and Flow Cytometry
Authors: Psotta Carolin , Nilsson Emelie J. , Sjöberg Thomas , Falk Magnus
Published: October 2023

The prevailing form of bacterial infection is within the urinary tract, encompassing a wide array of bacteria that harness the urinary metabolome for their growth. Through their metabolic actions, the chemical composition of the growth medium undergoes modifications as the bacteria metabolize urine compounds, leading to the subsequent release of metabolites. These changes can indirectly indicate the existence and proliferation of bacterial organisms. Here, we investigate the use of an electronic tongue, a powerful analytical instrument based on a combination of non-selective chemical sensors with a partial specificity for data gathering combined with principal component analysis, to distinguish between infected and non-infected artificial urine samples. Three prevalent bacteria found in urinary tract infections were investigated, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis. Furthermore, the electronic tongue analysis was supplemented with 1H NMR spectroscopy and flow cytometry. Bacteria-specific changes in compound consumption allowed for a qualitative differentiation between artificial urine medium and bacterial growth.
Navigating Evidence, Challenges, and Caution in the Treatment of Stimulant Use Disorders
Authors: Bahji Anees , Danilewitz Marlon , Crockford David
Published: October 2023

Amidst the opioid epidemic, harm reduction-oriented approaches have gained traction, including interventions that focus on prescribing pharmaceutical-grade psychoactive substances, such as opioids, instead of illicit versions, intending to mitigate fatal overdose risks arising from the variability in potency and additives found in illicit drugs. Stimulants have increasingly been found in the victims of opioid overdoses, further prompting some to argue for the prescription of stimulant medications for individuals with stimulant use disorders. Yet, the evidence supporting this practice remains insufficient. In this communication, we critically examine the existing evidence, challenges, and cautions surrounding the treatment of stimulant use disorder.
Evaluation of the Impact of Bricks of Various Characteristics on Internally Insulated Masonry Walls in Cold Climate
Authors: Freimanis Ritvars , Blumberga Andra , Vanaga Ruta , Zundāns Zigmārs
Published: October 2023

Energy consumption in historic building stock is high compared to current energy efficiency standards. The heritage value of the façade and the limited space on the external surface in densely populated urban streets limit the application of external insulation. Internal insulation can be applied instead. However, it is considered to be a riskier technology due to moisture-related damage. In addition to mold growth and wood rot, frost damage should be considered in cold climates. This study aims to assess the impact of a vapor-open capillary-active calcium silicate internal insulation system with and without adhesive glue on the hygrothermal behavior of masonry from various historic bricks in cold climates by performing numerical simulations in the software Delphin. Test results of hygrothermal properties of 40 historic brick samples were used in numerical experiments to assess the impact of a brick type, the quality of the application of calcium silicate (with or without adhesive), and the impact of cold climate on the hygrothermal behavior. Results show that temperature behavior is similar to all wall types whereas a large difference is observed in moisture behavior. The application of adhesive glue tends to reduce moisture spikes caused by rain events when compared to the same samples without adhesive. Findings only partly correspond to other studies on factors affecting moisture behavior.
Cancer-Related Fatigue in Head and Neck Cancer Survivors: Longitudinal Findings from the Head and Neck 5000 Prospective Clinical Cohort
Authors: Sharp Linda , Watson Laura-Jayne , Lu Liya , Harding Sam , Hurley Katrina , Thomas Steve J. , Patterson Joanne M.
Published: October 2023

Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common side-effect of cancer and its treatments. For head and neck cancer (HNC), CRF may exacerbate the symptom burden and poor quality-of-life. Using data from the Head and Neck 5000 prospective clinical cohort, we investigated clinically important CRF over a year post-diagnosis, assessing temporal trends, CRF by HNC site and treatment received, and subgroups at higher risk of CRF. Recruitment was undertaken in 2011–2014. Socio-demographic and clinical data, and patient-reported CRF (EORTC QLQ-C30 fatigue subscale score ≥39 of a possible 100) were collected at baseline (pre-treatment) and 4- and 12- months post-baseline. Mixed-effects logistic multivariable regression was used to investigate time trends, compare cancer sites and treatment groups, and identify associations between clinical, socio-demographic and lifestyle variables and CRF. At baseline, 27.8% of 2847 patients scored in the range for clinically important CRF. This was 44.7% at 4 months and 29.6% at 12 months. In the multivariable model, after adjusting for time-point, the odds of having CRF over 12 months were significantly increased in females and current smokers; those with stage 3/4 disease, comorbidities and multimodal treatment; and those who had depression at baseline. The high prevalence of clinically important CRF indicates the need for additional interventions and supports for affected HNC patients. These findings also identified patient subgroups towards whom such interventions could be targeted.
Molecular Characterization of Primary Mediastinal Large B-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Donzel Marie , Pesce Florian , Trecourt Alexis , Groussel Razika , Bachy Emmanuel , Ghesquières Hervé , Fontaine Juliette , Benzerdjeb Nazim , Mauduit Claire , Traverse-Glehen Alexandra
Published: October 2023

Since the description of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) as a distinct entity from diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL), numerous studies have made it possible to improve their definition. Despite this, this differential diagnosis can be challenging in daily practice. However, in some centers, PMBL may be treated according to a particular regimen, distinct from those used in DLBCL, emphasizing the importance of accurate identification at diagnosis. This study aimed to describe the histological and molecular characteristics of PMBL to improve the accuracy of their diagnosis. Forty-nine cases of PMBL were retrospectively retrieved. The mean age at diagnosis was 39 years (21–83), with a sex ratio of 0.88. All cases presented a fibrous background with diffuse growth of intermediate to large cells with an eosinophil (26/49, 53%) or retracted cytoplasm (23/49, 47%). “Hodgkin-like” cells were observed in 65% of cases (32/49, 65%). The phenotype was: BCL6+ (47/49, 96%), MUM1+ (40/49, 82%), CD30+ (43/49, 88%), and CD23+ (37/49, 75%). Genomic DNAs were tested by next generation sequencing of 33 cases using a custom design panel. Pathogenic variants were found in all cases. The most frequent mutations were: SOCS1 (30/33, 91%), TNFAIP3 (18/33, 54.5%), ITPKB (17/33, 51.5%), GNA13 (16/33, 48.5%), CD58 (12/33, 36.4%), B2M (12/33; 36.4%), STAT6 (11/33, 33.3%) as well as ARID1A (10/33, 30.3%), XPO1 (9/33, 27.3%), CIITA (8/33, 24%), and NFKBIE (8/33, 24%). The present study describes a PMBL cohort on morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular levels to provide pathologists with daily routine tools. These data also reinforce interest in an integrated histomolecular diagnosis to allow a precision diagnosis as early as possible.
A Molecular Binuclear Nickel (II) Schiff Base Complex for Efficient HER Electrocatalysis
Authors: Shamskhou Kian , Awada Houssein , Yari Farzaneh , Aljabour Abdalaziz , Schöfberger Wolfgang
Published: October 2023

The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has emerged as a focal point in the realm of sustainable energy generation, offering the potential to produce clean hydrogen gas (H2) devoid of pollutants. The pursuit of stable HER electrocatalysts that can reduce our reliance on precious platinum, while still maintaining a high level of catalytic efficiency, presents a significant and ongoing challenge. In this study, we introduce the utilization of a binuclear nickel (II) Schiff base complex known as [Ni]2[L]2 2 for the purpose of HER electrocatalysis. The rational design of this electrocatalyst has yielded optimal HER performance, wherein the strategic placement of electronegative heteroatoms in proximity to the metal centers serves to enhance proton affinity. Consequently, this catalyst manifests outstanding HER activity, characterized by a nearly 100% faradaic efficiency (FE) at an overpotential potential of −0.4 V versus the reverse hydrogen electrode (RHE), sustained catalytic activity over an extended 80 h electrolysis period, and a commendable turnover number (TON) of 0.0006 s−1.
Müllerian-Type Clear Cell Carcinoma of Donor Origin in a Male Patient with a Kidney Transplant: Ascertained by Molecular Testing
Authors: Iorgulescu J. Bryan , Shaw Leah K. , Rashid Asif , Rao Priya , Mandayam Sreedhar , Patel Keyur P. , Schmeler Kathleen M. , Yang Richard K. , Msaouel Pavlos
Published: October 2023

Clear cell carcinomas of Müllerian origin have a strong female predominance and only extremely rarely will arise within the kidney, presumably due to ectopic Müllerian embryogenesis. Herein, we report a unique case of metastatic Müllerian type clear cell carcinoma in a 37-year-old patient who had previously received a transplanted kidney from his father at age 11 (due to severe bilateral vesicoureteral reflux) and remained on chronic immunosuppression. The tumor was highly aggressive and demonstrated somatic mutations in NF2 and SETD2. Imaging of the transplanted kidney did not reveal any clear evidence of malignancy. However, targeted multigene sequencing and short tandem repeat testing revealed that the cancer was of donor origin, presumably from ectopic Müllerian tissue transplanted to the patient along with the kidney graft. The tumor was resistant to first-line therapy with a triple combination of carboplatin plus paclitaxel plus bevacizumab, as well as to second-line immunotherapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab after tapering down the patient’s immunosuppression. Despite the tumor being genetically distinct from the host, the use of immune checkpoint therapy with nivolumab plus ipilimumab did not yield a response. This unique case showcases the value of molecular testing in determining the tumor origin in patients with solid organ transplants who present with cancers of unknown primary. This can prompt the potential investigation of other recipients from the same donor.
The Impact of Edema on MRI Radiomics for the Prediction of Lung Metastasis in Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Casale Roberto , De Angelis Riccardo , Coquelet Nicolas , Mokhtari Ayoub , Bali Maria Antonietta
Published: October 2023

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate whether radiomic features extracted solely from the edema of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) could predict the occurrence of lung metastasis in comparison with features extracted solely from the tumoral mass. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of 32 STSs, including 14 with lung metastasis and 18 without. A segmentation of the tumor mass and edema was assessed for each MRI examination. A total of 107 radiomic features were extracted for each mass segmentation and 107 radiomic features for each edema segmentation. A two-step feature selection process was applied. Two predictive features for the development of lung metastasis were selected from the mass-related features, as well as two predictive features from the edema-related features. Two Random Forest models were created based on these selected features; 100 random subsampling runs were performed. Key performance metrics, including accuracy and area under the ROC curve (AUC), were calculated, and the resulting accuracies were compared. Results: The model based on mass-related features achieved a median accuracy of 0.83 and a median AUC of 0.88, while the model based on edema-related features achieved a median accuracy of 0.75 and a median AUC of 0.79. A statistical analysis comparing the accuracies of the two models revealed no significant difference. Conclusion: Both models showed promise in predicting the occurrence of lung metastasis in soft tissue sarcomas. These findings suggest that radiomic analysis of edema features can provide valuable insights into the prediction of lung metastasis in soft tissue sarcomas.
Updates on the Management of Ampullary Neoplastic Lesions
Authors: Maselli Roberta , de Sire Roberto , Fugazza Alessandro , Spadaccini Marco , Colombo Matteo , Capogreco Antonio , Beyna Torsten , Repici Alessandro
Published: October 2023

Ampullary neoplastic lesions (ANLs) represent a rare cancer, accounting for about 0.6–0.8% of all gastrointestinal malignancies, and about 6–17% of periampullary tumors. They can be sporadic or occur in the setting of a hereditary predisposition syndrome, mainly familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Usually, noninvasive ANLs are asymptomatic and detected accidentally during esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). When symptomatic, ANLs can manifest differently with jaundice, pain, pancreatitis, cholangitis, and melaena. Endoscopy with a side-viewing duodenoscopy, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) play a crucial role in the ANL evaluation, providing an accurate assessment of the size, location, and characteristics of the lesions, including the staging of the depth of tumor invasion into the surrounding tissues and the involvement of local lymph nodes. Endoscopic papillectomy (EP) has been recognized as an effective treatment for ANLs in selected patients, providing an alternative to traditional surgical methods. Originally, EP was recommended for benign lesions and patients unfit for surgery. However, advancements in endoscopic techniques have broadened its indications to comprise early ampullary carcinoma, giant laterally spreading lesions, and ANLs with intraductal extension. In this paper, we review the existing evidence on endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of ampullary neoplastic lesions.