bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Nuclear Matrix‐Attached DNA Across the Genome
Authors: Dobson Jason R. , Hong Deli , Barutcu A. Rasim , Wu Hai , Imbalzano Anthony N. , Lian Jane B. , Stein Janet L. , van Wijnen Andre J. , Nickerson Jeffrey A. , Stein Gary S.
Published: September 2016

Experimental approaches to define the relationship between gene expression and nuclear matrix attachment regions (MARs) have given contrasting and method‐specific results. We have developed a next generation sequencing strategy to identify MARs across the human genome (MAR‐Seq). The method is based on crosslinking chromatin to its nuclear matrix attachment sites to minimize changes during biochemical processing. We used this method to compare nuclear matrix organization in MCF‐10A mammary epithelial‐like cells and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells and evaluated the results in the context of global gene expression (array analysis) and positional enrichment of gene‐regulatory histone modifications (ChIP‐Seq). In the normal‐like cells, nuclear matrix‐attached DNA was enriched in expressed genes, while in the breast cancer cells, it was enriched in non‐expressed genes. In both cell lines, the chromatin modifications that mark transcriptional activation or repression were appropriately associated with gene expression. Using this new MAR‐Seq approach, we provide the first genome‐wide characterization of nuclear matrix attachment in mammalian cells and reveal that the nuclear matrix‐associated genome is highly cell‐context dependent. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 1295–1305, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nephroprotective Effects of Metformin in Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Ravindran Sreenithya , Kuruvilla Vinitha , Wilbur Kerry , Munusamy Shankar
Published: September 2016

Metformin, a well‐known anti‐diabetic agent, is very effective in lowering blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes with minimal side‐effects. Metformin is also being recommended in the treatment of obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome. Metformin elicits its therapeutic effects mainly via activation of AMP‐activated kinase (AMPK) pathway. Renal cells under hyperglycemic or proteinuric conditions exhibit inactivation of cell defense mechanisms such as AMPK and autophagy, and activation of pathologic pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT), oxidative stress, and hypoxia. As these pathologic pathways are intertwined with AMPK signaling, the potential benefits of metformin therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes would extend beyond its anti‐hyperglycemic effects. However, since metformin is eliminated unchanged through the kidneys and some studies have shown the incidence of lactic acidosis with its use during severe renal dysfunction, the use of metformin was contraindicated in patients with renal disease until recently. With more studies indicating the relatively low incidence of lactic acidosis and revealing the additional benefits with metformin therapy, the US FDA has now approved metformin to be administered in patients with established renal disease based on their renal function. The purpose of this review is to highlight the various mechanisms by which metformin protects renal cells that have lost its functionality in a diabetic or non‐diabetic setting and to enlighten the advantages and therapeutic potential of metformin as a nephroprotectant for patients with diabetic nephropathy and other non‐diabetic forms of chronic kidney disease. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 731–742, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Design, Synthesis, and Molecular Docking Studies of Pyrazine Containing 1,2,3‐Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Ruddarraju Radhakrishnam Raju , Murugulla Adharvana Chari , Kotla Ravindar , Tirumalasetty Muni Chandra Babu , Wudayagiri Rajendra , Donthabakthuni Shobha , Maroju Ravichandar , Palle Sadhanadham
Published: September 2016

Here, we demonstrate on the design and synthesis of novel pyrazine containing 1,2,3‐triazole derivatives (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d, 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, and 12a, 12b, 12c, 12d) using various chemicals, bases, and catalysts synthesized with excellent yields (78–92%) as described in the procedures. The development of this methodology is simple, efficient, and easier to handle; milder reaction conditions and higher selectivity under versatile coupling reagent useful for both amide and ester bond formations have also been developed. The synthesis of amide coupling derivatives prepared by (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) was coupled with N‐ethylpiperazine to afford (7a, 7b, 7c, 7d) and morpholine to afford (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d) by using 1‐[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazolo[4,5‐b]pyridinium 3‐oxid hexafluorophosphate (HATU) and N,N‐diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) in dichloromethane at room temperature for 10 h. The derivatives (6a, 6b, 6c, 6d) were coupled with alcohol (11) by using N,N′‐dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and 4‐dimethylaminopyridine in dichloromethane (DCM) at room temperature for 16 h to give final compounds (12a, 12b, 12c, 12d). In silico docking approach has been applied to these compounds to screen their efficacy against selected drug targets of cancer and diabetes. The docking approach may facilitate the prediction of activity profile for future experimental findings.
Investigation of the chemical markers for experiential quality evaluation of crude aconite by UHPLC–Q‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Zhang Ding‐kun , Han Xue , Li Rui‐yu , Niu Ming , Dong Qin , Yang Ming , Wang Jia‐bo , Xiao Xiao‐he
Published: September 2016

Many foods and herbs are experientially classified into different commodity grades in commercial circulation. Regarding the hypertoxic herb aconite, large samples are considered to be of better quality. However, this experiential classification lacks a scientific basis. In this study, we focused on the quality diversity among different grades and studied it using the minimum lethal dose assay and a novel ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry method. Toxicity assay result suggested grade I aconite had the lowest toxicity (p < 0.05). Using this method with partial least squares‐discriminant analysis, we discovered nine chemomarkers, including neoline, songorine, fuziline, mesaconitine, talatizidine, dexyaconitine, talatisamine, hypaconitine, and fuzitine. Considering their toxicity and activity, we found the levels of toxic ingredients hypaconitine, dexyaconitine, and mesaconitine in grade I were lower than those in grade II (p < 0.01), while the levels of efficacy ingredients songorine, talatisamine, and neoline were the highest in grade I (p < 0.01). Further study demonstrated that the quality variation was associated with plant tissue development and toxic ingredient distribution law. Our results provide scientific evidence for the experiential quality evaluation of aconite, and it will be of great utility for other foods and herbs.
Study of solvent effects on the stability constant and ionic mobility of the dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 complex with potassium ion by affinity capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Konášová Renáta , Dytrtová Jana Jaklová , Kašička Václav
Published: September 2016

The effect of solvent on the strength of noncovalent interactions and ionic mobility of the dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 complex with K+ in water/organic solvents was investigated by using affinity capillary electrophoresis. The proportion of organic solvent (methanol, ethanol, propan‐2‐ol, and acetonitrile) in the mixtures ranged from 0 to 100 vol.%. The stability constant, KKL, and actual ionic mobility of the dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6‐K+ complex were determined by the nonlinear regression analysis of the dependence of the effective electrophoretic mobility of dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 on the concentration of K+ (added as KCl) in the background electrolyte (25 mM lithium acetate, pH 5.5, in the above mixed hydro–organic solvents). Competitive interaction of the dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6 with Li+ was observed and quantified in mixtures containing more than 60 vol.% of the organic solvent. However, the stability constant of the dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6‐Li+ complex was in all cases lower than 0.5 % of KKL. The log KKL increased approximately linearly in the range 1.62–4.98 with the increasing molar fraction of organic solvent in the above mixed solvents and with similar slopes for all four organic solvents used in this study. The ionic mobilities of the dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6‐K+ complex were in the range (6.1–43.4) × 10−9 m2 V−1 s−1.
Soil Organic Carbon and Inorganic Carbon Accumulation Along a 30‐year Grassland Restoration Chronosequence in Semi‐arid Regions (China)
Authors: Liu Yu , Dang Zhi‐Qiang , Tian Fu‐Ping , Wang Dong , Wu Gao‐Lin
Published: September 2016

Carbon accumulation is an important research topic for grassland restoration. It is requisite to determine the dynamics of the soil carbon pools [soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil inorganic carbon (SIC)] for understanding regional carbon budgets. In this study, we chose a grassland restoration chronosequence (cropland, 0 years; grasslands restored for 5, 15 and 30 years, i.e. RG5, RG15 and RG30, respectively) to compare the SOC and SIC pools in different soil profiles. Our results showed that SOC stock in the 0‐ to 100‐cm soil layer showed an initial decrease in RG5 and then an increase to net C gains in RG15 and RG30. Because of a decrease in the SIC stock, the percentage of SOC stock in the total soil C pool increased across the chronosequence. The SIC stock decreased at a rate of 0·75 Mg hm−2 y−1. The change of SOC was higher in the surface (0–10 cm, 0·40 Mg hm−2 y−1) than in the deeper soil (10–100 cm, 0·33 Mg hm−2 y−1) in RG5. The accumulation of C commenced >5 years after cropland conversion. Although the SIC content decreased, the SIC stock still represented a larger percentage of the soil C pool. Moreover, the soil total carbon showed an increasing trend during grassland restoration. Our results indicated that the soil C sequestration featured an increase in SOC, offsetting the decrease in SIC at the depth of 0–100 cm in the restored grasslands. Therefore, we suggest that both SOC and SIC should be considered during grassland restoration in semi‐arid regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Resilience of Ethiopian Church Forests: Interpreting Aerial Photographs, 1938–2015
Authors: Scull Peter , Cardelús Catherine L. , Klepeis Peter , Woods Carrie L. , Frankl Amaury , Nyssen Jan
Published: September 2016

Church forests collectively represent the only surviving remnants of the original montane forest, serving as critical sanctuaries for many of Ethiopia's endangered and endemic plant and invertebrate taxa. Modern inventories of church forests suggest that they are vulnerable to degradation because of their small size and isolation. The aim of this study is to use historical air photos from the period of the Italian occupation of Ethiopia (1935–1941) to measure changes to church forests over a ~80‐year time span. We find little evidence that church forests in the study region around Debra Tabor in the northern Ethiopia highlands are declining in size. Rather, church forests have proven to be remarkably resilient on the landscape despite decades of dramatic change to the world around them. Our findings, therefore, highlight the effectiveness of religion‐based forest stewardship. Results also indicate, however, that while many church forests used to be buffered from intensive agricultural activity (e.g., cultivation and pasture) today, they find themselves significantly more isolated and vulnerable to edge effects as a result of a general decrease of trees and bushlands surrounding the forests. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Co‐existence of distinct Ostreococcus ecotypes at an oceanic front
Authors: Clayton Sophie , Lin Yun‐Chi , Follows Michael J. , Worden Alexandra Z.
Published: September 2016

Western boundary currents support high primary production and carbon export. Here, we performed a survey of photosynthetic picoeukaryotes in the North Pacific Ocean in four transects crossing the Kuroshio Front. Prasinophyte algae comprised 85% of 18S rRNA gene sequences for photosynthetic taxa in the <5 μm size fraction. The picoplanktonic (<2 μm) genera Micromonas and Ostreococcus comprised 30% and 51% of the total photosynthetic 18S rDNA sequences from five stations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that two Ostreococcus ecotypes, until now rarely found to co‐occur, were both present in the majority of samples. Ostreococcus ecotype OI reached 6,830 ± 343 gene copies mL−1, while Ostreococcus ecotype OII reached 50,190 ± 971 gene copies mL−1 based on qPCR analysis of the 18S rRNA gene. These values are higher than in studies of other oceanographic regions by a factor of 10 for OII. The data suggest that meso‐ and finer‐scale physical dynamics had a significant impact on the populations at the front, either by mingling ecotypes from different source regions at fine scales (∼10s km) or by stimulating their growth through vertical nutrient injections. We investigate this hypothesis with an idealized diffusion‐reaction model, and find that only a combination of mixing and positive net growth can explain the observed distributions and overlap of the two Ostreococcus ecotypes. Our field observations support larger‐scale numerical ocean simulations that predict enhanced biodiversity at western boundary current fronts, and suggest a strategy for systematically testing that hypothesis.
GaAs integrated quantum photonics: Towards compact and multi‐functional quantum photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Dietrich Christof P. , Fiore Andrea , Thompson Mark G. , Kamp Martin , Höfling Sven
Published: September 2016

The recent progress in integrated quantum optics has set the stage for the development of an integrated platform for quantum information processing with photons, with potential applications in quantum simulation. Among the different material platforms being investigated, direct‐bandgap semiconductors and particularly gallium arsenide (GaAs) offer the widest range of functionalities, including single‐ and entangled‐photon generation by radiative recombination, low‐loss routing, electro‐optic modulation and single‐photon detection. This paper reviews the recent progress in the development of the key building blocks for GaAs quantum photonics and the perspectives for their full integration in a fully‐functional and densely integrated quantum photonic circuit.

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Modeling and experimental analysis in lifespan of a precision epoxy resin mold
Authors: Kuo C.‐C. , Chiang T.‐S.
Published: September 2016

Micro‐hot embossing is a highly effective process for fabricating micro‐devices with microfeatures in polymeric materials. One of the most troublesome problems in precision machinery industry is the time and expense needed to produce a mold for microreplication. Epoxy resin mold has been successfully employed for microreplication using micro‐hot embossing. However, the junction of the groove and sprue of the backing plate has serious local stress concentration, leading to the reduction of lifespan of a precision epoxy resin mold during the micro‐hot embossing molding. This work presents an effective method for enhancing the lifespan of a precision epoxy resin mold using reduction of local stress concentration. The numerical models were developed for predicting the maximum stress using ANSYS software. The ANSYS simulations have been carried out and the predicted results show good agreement with experimental tests. The junction of the groove and sprue of the backing plate was machined with chamfer to revaluate lifespan of the epoxy resin mold using micro‐hot embossing molding. Micro‐hot embossing verification test showed that the lifespan of epoxy resin mold with chamfer is about 2.2 times that of the conventional epoxy resin mold.
Dynamic fatigue behaviour of a steatite ceramic
Authors: Costa Oliveira F. A. , Reboredo H. , Cruz Fernandes J.
Published: September 2016

Dynamic fatigue of a low dielectric loss steatite was investigated. To this end, the values of n and B, the so‐called subcritical crack growth (SCG) parameters were experimentally determined. The steatite exhibited the expected dynamic fatigue behaviour, so that the stress corrosion susceptibility parameter, n, of 24 was obtained. In addition, the material/environment parameter B, which is a constant for a given test environment, was also attained. These parameters are instrumental in predicting the lifetime of components under stress. When the applied load is such that the resulting strength equals half of the inert strength (σi), defined as the strength of a sample tested in an inert environment or at a fast stress rate, i.e. where no subcritical crack growth occurs, the time to failure (tf) of the material was found to be ∼140 h.

Measurement of the fracture toughness of steatite is also of upmost importance and so it was determined using three test methods. A value of KIc = 1.91 ± 0.29 MPa m1/2 was attained by the indentation fracture method through measurement of the cracks emanating from the Vickers indentation. This value is in good agreement with those determined using the KIsc (surface crack in flexure) test method (2.21 ± 0.07 MPa m1/2) and fractography analysis test method (2.00 ± 0.44 MPa m1/2). Differences in test procedure and analysis causing the values from each test method to be different are discussed.
Effect of different parameters on uncertainty during evaluation of strength of dissimilar metal weld
Authors: Santosh R. , Singh P. K. , Das G. , Korody J. , Das S. K. , Kumar S. , Ghosh M.
Published: September 2016

In scanning electron microscope tensile testing was carried out to assess the mechanical properties and consequent failure characteristics of dissimilar weld consisting of low alloy steel and low nitrogen austenitic stainless steel. These transition joints find wide spread application in pressurized heavy water reactors. A number of premature failures have been reported in recent past during service exploitation of same joints. Thus, it becomes essential to identify the governing criteria resulting in such type of de‐generation. In present endeavour, two types of joints were considered; one weld was fabricated by buttering with 309L stainless steel and the other one was made by buttering with IN82 Ni base alloys. From experimentation, weld strength was evaluated along with uncertainty analysis. Effect of various contributing factors over uncertainty was discussed. It was quantitatively shown that microstructural characteristics influenced more dominantly than physical parameters to the uncertainty of joint efficiency.
Validation of current procedural terminology codes for rotavirus vaccination among infants in two commercially insured US populations
Authors: Hoffman Veena , Everage Nicholas J. , Quinlan Scott C. , Skerry Kathleen , Esposito Daina , Praet Nicolas , Rosillon Dominique , Holick Crystal N. , Dore David D.
Published: September 2016

Purpose

We validated procedure codes used in health insurance claims for reimbursement of rotavirus vaccination by comparing claims for monovalent live‐attenuated human rotavirus vaccine (RV1) and live, oral pentavalent rotavirus vaccine (RV5) to medical records.

Methods

Using administrative data from two commercially insured United States populations, we randomly sampled vaccination claims for RV1 and RV5 from a cohort of infants aged less than 1 year from an ongoing post‐licensure safety study of rotavirus vaccines. The codes for RV1 and RV5 found in claims were confirmed through medical record review. The positive predictive value (PPV) of the Current Procedural Terminology codes for RV1 and RV5 was calculated as the number of medical record‐confirmed vaccinations divided by the number of medical records obtained.

Results

Medical record review confirmed 92 of 104 RV1 vaccination claims (PPV: 88.5%; 95% CI: 80.7–93.9%) and 98 of 113 RV5 vaccination claims (PPV: 86.7%; 95% CI: 79.1–92.4%). Among the 217 medical records abstracted, only three (1.4%) of vaccinations were misclassified in claims—all were RV5 misclassified as RV1. The medical records corresponding to 9 RV1 and 15 RV5 claims contained insufficient information to classify the type of rotavirus vaccine.

Conclusions

Misclassification of rotavirus vaccines is infrequent within claims. The PPVs reported here are conservative estimates as those with insufficient information in the medical records were assumed to be incorrectly coded in the claims. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insecticide resistance and size assortative mating in females of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais)
Authors: Cordeiro Erick Mauricio G , Corrêa Alberto S , Rosi‐Denadai Conrado A , Tomé Hudson Vaner V , Guedes Raul Narciso C
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

Random mating is a common assumption in studies of insecticide resistance evolution, but seldom tested despite its potential consequences. Therefore, the existing evidence of female choice and insecticide resistance in populations of the maize weevil (Sitophilus zeamais), a key pest of stored cereals, led to the assessment of mating preferences and their association with insecticide resistance in this species.

RESULTS

Mixed lines of a maize weevil colony were established from field‐collected populations, which after 5 months of natural breeding were selected for deltamethrin resistance for five generations, reaching over 100‐fold resistance. Mating preference was significantly based on the partner size, measured as body mass (χ2 = 5.83, df = 1, P = 0.016). Susceptible females preferred heavier males for mating (χ2 = 5.83, df = 1, P = 0.015), a trait that was more frequently associated with deltamethrin resistance (χ2 = 7.38, df = 1, P = 0.007). Deltamethrin resistance compromised daily fertility, although the reduced offspring production observed in matings between susceptible females and resistant males was negligible.

CONCLUSION

Susceptible female weevils prefer larger (and heavier) males to mate, a trait associated with deltamethrin resistance, favouring the maintenance and spread of the resistant phenotype in the population. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Anharmonic interstellar PAH molecules
Authors: Candian Alessandra , Mackie Cameron J.
Published: September 2016

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules are responsible for a family of features, the aromatic infrared bands, which are observed in many astronomical environments. The photophysics and photochemistry of PAHs in space is strongly influenced by anharmonicity, which has seldom been considered in astrophysical modeling because of the lack of available data or because too computationally demanding. Recent developments of second‐order vibrational perturbation theory applied to density functional theory now allow the computation of the anharmonic quartic force field anharmonic spectra of medium‐large molecules like PAHs in a time‐efficient way. It is now possible to have a better grasp of the effects of anharmonicity on the vibrational spectrum of PAHs also thanks to the comparison with gas‐phase, high‐resolution experimental data. In this perspective, the quality of these anharmonic spectra for PAH molecules is reviewed and discussed in view of a robust astrochemical model for PAH molecules.
More than counting pixels – perspectives on the importance of remote sensing training in ecology and conservation
Authors: Bernd Asja , Braun Daniela , Ortmann Antonia , Ulloa‐Torrealba Yrneh Z. , Wohlfart Christian , Bell Alexandra
Published: September 2016

As remote sensing (RS) applications and resources continue to expand, their importance for ecology and conservation increases – and so does the need for effective and successful training of professionals working in those fields. Methodological and applied courses often form part of university curricula, but their practical and long‐term benefits only become clear afterwards. Having recently received such training in an interdisciplinary master's programme, we provide our perspectives on our shared education. Through an online survey we include experiences of students and professionals in different fields. Most participants perceive their RS education as useful for their career, but express a need for more training at university level. Hands‐on projects are considered the most effective learning method. Besides methodological knowledge, soft skills are clear gains, including problem solving, self‐learning and finding individual solutions, and the ability to work in interdisciplinary teams. The largest identified gaps in current RS training concern the application regarding policy making, methodology and conservation. To successfully prepare students for a career, study programmes need to provide RS courses based on state‐of‐the‐art methods, including programming, and interdisciplinary projects linking research and practice supported by a sound technical background.
Measuring Flexibility, Descriptive Complexity, and Rework Potential in Generic System Architectures
Authors: Broniatowski David A. , Moses Joel
Published: September 2016

A system's architecture defines its flexibility—the ease with which changes to the system's structure may be made. Systems may possess an internal structure that is relatively complex to describe—especially after many changes. In addition, some changes may require several iterations before stakeholders converge on a final design choice. There is currently no unified mathematical theory that captures these factors. We developed metrics for flexibility, descriptive complexity, and rework potential defined on graph‐based representations of a system's structure. We applied these metrics to four idealized generic system architectures: Tree‐structured hierarchies are easy to describe and require minimal design iteration. However, they permit relatively few changes, unless the underlying architecture itself is changed. Furthermore, each such change adds significant complexity. Grid networks are more flexible than trees, but also more descriptively complex. Grids also require some degree of design iteration between stakeholders. Teams are extremely flexible but the requirement for consensus (e.g., due to cognitive limits among humans) restricts their size. Layered hierarchies possess moderate flexibility and require fewer iterations than corresponding grids and teams, although they can be difficult to describe succinctly. Our findings suggest that no architecture is ideal under all circumstances; rather, each has strengths and weaknesses that can be exploited in different environments.
Drug Sensitivity Assays of Human Cancer Organoid Cultures
Authors: Francies Hayley E. , Barthorpe Andrew , McLaren-Douglas Anne , Barendt William J. , Garnett Mathew J.
Published: September 2016

Drug sensitivity testing utilizing preclinical disease models such as cancer cell lines is an important and widely used tool for drug development. Importantly, when combined with molecular data such as gene copy number variation or somatic coding mutations, associations between drug sensitivity and molecular data can be used to develop markers to guide patient therapies. The use of organoids as a preclinical cancer model has become possible following recent work demonstrating that organoid cultures can be derived from patient tumors with a high rate of success. A genetic analysis of colon cancer organoids found that these models encompassed the majority of the somatic variants present within the tumor from which it was derived, and capture much of the genetic diversity of colon cancer observed in patients. Importantly, the systematic sensitivity testing of organoid cultures to anticancer drugs identified clinical gene–drug interactions, suggestive of their potential as preclinical models for testing anticancer drug sensitivity. In this chapter, we describe how to perform medium/high-throughput drug sensitivity screens using 3D organoid cell cultures.
Response time and click position: cheap indicators of preferences
Authors: Chen Fadong , Fischbacher Urs
Published: September 2016

This paper investigates how process data like response time and click position relates to economic decisions. We use a social value orientation experiment, which can be considered as a prototypical multi-attribute decision problem. We find that in the social value orientation task more individualistic subjects have shorter response times than prosocial subjects. Individualistic subjects click more often on their own payoffs than on the others’ payoffs, and they click more often on their own payoffs than prosocial subjects. Moreover, the response time information and the click position information are complementary in explaining subjects’ preferences. These results show that response times and click positions can be used as indicators of people’s preferences.
Longitudinal trajectories and predictors of anxiety symptoms among adolescent survivors exposed to Wenchuan earthquake
Authors: Shi Xuliang , Zhou Ya , Fan Fang
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to investigate the developmental trajectories and associated predictors of anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents exposed to Wenchuan earthquake. 1573 adolescent survivors were followed up at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post‐earthquake. Self‐report measures were used to evaluate earthquake exposure, anxiety symptoms, negative life events, social support, and trait resilience. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) and multi‐nominal logistic regression were used to analyze data. The results showed that 45.6%, 50.9%, 39.2%, and 39.9% of participants showed clinical levels of anxiety symptoms at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post‐earthquake, respectively. Four developmental trajectories were identified: resistance, recovery, delayed‐onset anxiety, and chronic anxiety. Gender, injury of family members, negative life events, social support, and trait resilience were significant predictors for distinct anxiety trajectories. Individualized and appropriate psychosocial interventions should be provided for adolescents affected by natural disasters, especially those at higher risk for chronic or delayed mental problem symptoms.
Duloxetine prevents the effects of prenatal stress on depressive‐like and anxiety‐like behavior and hippocampal expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines in adult male offspring rats
Authors: Zhang Xiaosong , Wang Qi , Wang Yan , Hu Jingmin , Jiang Han , Cheng Wenwen , Ma Yuchao , Liu Mengxi , Sun Anji , Zhang Xinxin , Li Xiaobai
Published: September 2016

Stress during pregnancy may cause neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. However, the mechanisms are largely unknown. Currently, pro‐inflammatory cytokines have been identified as a risk factor for depression and anxiety disorder. Unfortunately, there is very little research on the long‐term effects of prenatal stress on the neuroinflammatory system of offspring. Moreover, the relationship between antidepressant treatment and cytokines in the central nervous system, especially in the hippocampus, an important emotion modulation center, is unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of prenatal chronic mild stress during development on affective‐like behaviors and hippocampal cytokines in adult offspring, and to verify whether antidepressant (duloxetine) administration from early adulthood could prevent the harmful consequences. To do so, prenatally stressed and non‐stressed Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated with either duloxetine (10 mg/kg/day) or vehicle from postnatal day 60 for 21 days. Adult offspring were divided into four groups: 1) prenatal stress + duloxetine treatment, 2) prenatal stress + vehicle, 3) duloxetine treatment alone, and 4) vehicle alone. Adult offspring were assessed for anxiety‐like behavior using the open field test and depression‐like behavior using the forced swim test. Brains were analyzed for pro‐inflammatory cytokine markers in the hippocampus via real‐time PCR. Results demonstrate that prenatal stress‐induced anxiety‐ and depression‐like behaviors are associated with an increase in hippocampal inflammatory mediators, and duloxetine administration prevents the increased hippocampal pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐6 and anxiety‐ and depression‐like behavior in prenatally stressed adult offspring. This research provides important evidence on the long‐term effect of PNS exposure during development in a model of maternal adversity to study the pathogenesis of depression and its therapeutic interventions.
What Kind of an Idealist (If Any) Is Hegel?
Authors: Gabriel Markus
Published: September 2016

In this paper, I first explore Hegel’s own distinctions between various types of idealism, most of which he explicitly rejects. I discuss his notions of subjective, transcendental and absolute idealism and present the outlines of his criticisms of the first two as well as the motivation behind his commitment to a version of absolute idealism. In particular, I argue that the latter does not share the defining features of what is now commonly called ‘idealism’, as Hegel neither denies the existence of an external world nor even holds that we can only somehow indirectly infer the truth of propositions about the external world from the structure of some given mental material. I give a basic account of what Hegel’s concept of ‘the absolute idea’ is about, which lies behind his absolute idealism. In this context, I maintain that it is crucial for our understanding of Hegel and of his potential relevance for contemporary metaphysics and epistemology that the absolute idea is precisely not a mental or ‘spiritual’ (geistig) entity. Rather, it amounts to a set of methodological assumptions designed to guarantee the overall intelligibility of what there is, regardless of its actual natural, social or more broadly normative structure.
Hegel’s Criticism of Hinduism
Authors: Stewart Jon
Published: September 2016

In his Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion Hegel critically refers to Hinduism as ‘The Religion of Imagination’ or, in another translation, ‘The Religion of Phantasy’. Hegel’s study of Hinduism came during the period when there was a rapidly growing interest in India, indeed, an Indomania, in the German-speaking world. Hegel meticulously kept up with the most recent publications in the field. This article examines Hegel’s critical assessment of Hinduism in order to determine what specifically he finds objectionable in it. It is argued that his objection ultimately concerns what he takes to be the mistaken conception of what it is to be a human being that underlies the Hindu view. This conception, he claims, undermines the development of subjective freedom that he takes to be so important.
Hegel’s Criticism of Hinduism: A Response
Authors: Sahota Peter
Published: September 2016

This paper offers a response to Hegel’s critique of Hinduism as explicated by Jon Stewart, by drawing on a variety of textual sources which are normative for Hinduism. In a first section, Hegel’s idea that the Hindu conception of the divine is too abstract to provide meaningful content is challenged by explicating the role of the Veda in Hinduism. A second section seeks to question the idea that the kind of naturalism available in Hinduism is necessarily incompatible with subjective freedom in the way that Hegel suggests. A third section engages with the specific empirical question regarding the subjective freedom of women in Hindu society which Hegel provides as one practical illustration of the lack of subjective freedom. Rather than providing a definitive rebuttal, the evidence adduced on all these points suggests a more heterogeneous picture of Hinduism than that which Hegel was able to provide.
Early Ordovician trilobites from the Iruya area (Cordillera Oriental, northwestern Argentina) and their stratigraphic significance
Authors: Tortello M. Franco , Esteban Susana B.
Published: September 2016

The middle part of the Santa Rosita Formation (Tremadocian) is well exposed in the Iruya area, northwestern Argentina. At the Pantipampa and Rodeo Colorado localities, it is composed of shale and sandstone representing a wave-dominated shelf with influence of storm activity. Twenty-two trilobite species are described from these localities. Low-diversity assemblages from the lower part of the succession (Kainella meridionalisKobayashi,Asaphellus catamarcensisKobayashi,Leptoplastides marianus[Hoek]) are diagnostic of the early TremadocianKainella meridionalisZone. Trilobites from the middle part of the sequence are much more diverse.Kainella teiichiiVaccari and Waisfeld,Gymnagnostus kobayashiin. sp.,Conophryssp. indet.,Asaphellus clarksonin. sp.,A.stenorhachis(Harrington),A.isabelaeMeroi Arcerito, Waisfeld and Balseiro,Ogygiocaris?iruyensisn. sp.,Niobe(Niobella)inflecta(Harrington and Leanza) n. comb.,Metayuepingia riccardiin. sp.,Pseudokainella keideliHarrington,Apatokephalus rugosusn. sp.,Onychopyge acenolazain. sp.,O.gonzalezaen. sp.,Nileus cingolaniin. sp.,N.ericin. sp.,Leptoplastides marianus,Parabolinellasp. indet.,Hapalopleurasp. indet., and Ceratopygidae gen. et sp. indet., occur at different levels of theKainella teiichiiZone. This biostratigraphic unit includes the oldest records ofNileusDalman andOgygiocaris? Angelin;MetayuepingiaLiu,Niobe(Niobella) Reed, andOnychopygeHarrington are here first reported from the Tremadocian of southwest Gondwana. Finally, the uppermost part of the succession is characterized by the absence of the genusKainellaWalcott and the occurrence ofBienvillia tetragonalis(Harrington),Asaphellus stenorhachis,Pseudokainella keideliandLeptoplastidessp. indet., which are indicative of the middle TremadocianBienvillia tetragonalisZone. The trilobites described in this paper provide a basis for the refinement of correlations with other Lower Ordovician sections of the Cordillera Oriental. The genera recognized have their closest affinities with faunas from Scandinavia, Great Britain, and China.
Systematics of organic-walled microfossils from the ca. 780–740 Ma Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona
Authors: Porter Susannah M. , Riedman Leigh Anne
Published: September 2016

The ca. 780–740 Ma Chuar Group, Grand Canyon, Arizona, provides an exceptional record of life during the diversification of crown-group eukaryotes, just prior to the first Cryogenian glaciation. We document in detail the assemblage of organic-walled microfossils preserved in fine-grained siliciclastics throughout the unit. In contrast with earlier studies, we primarily used SEM to document fossil morphologies, augmented by transmitted light microscopy, FIB-SEM, and TEM. This resulted in the discovery of new species and the recognition of broad-ranging, intraspecific biological and taphonomic variation in other species. Twenty-two species and five unnamed morphotypes are described, including three new species:Kaibabia gemmulella,Microlepidopalla mira, andVolleyballia dehlerae; two new combinations:Galerosphaera walcottiiandLanulatisphaera laufeldii; and 17 previously described forms. The possible colonial green algaPalaeastrum dyptocranumButterfield in Butterfield, Knoll, and Swett, 1994 and the index fossilCerebrosphaera globosa(Ogurtsova and Sergeev, 1989) Sergeev and Schopf, 2010 (=C. buickiiButterfield, 1994) are described for the first time from Chuar rocks.Lanulatisphaera laufeldii, a locally abundant and globally widespread species characterized by submicrometer filamentous processes that form a reticulate network, may be a useful marker for the time interval just before the appearance of vase-shaped microfossils (VSMs) ca. 740 Ma.

Organic-walled microfossil assemblages decline in diversity upsection, coincident with the appearance of VSMs and intermittent euxinia within the basin. Whether this pattern is due to preservational bias related to greater water depth or the higher TOC of upper Chuar rocks or instead reflects biotic turnover related to the spread of euxinic water masses in the basin is unknown.
REDUCED PRODUCTS OF METRIC STRUCTURES: A METRIC FEFERMAN–VAUGHT THEOREM
Authors: GHASEMI SAEED
Published: September 2016

We extend the classical Feferman–Vaught theorem to logic for metric structures. This implies that the reduced powers of elementarily equivalent structures are elementarily equivalent, and therefore they are isomorphic under the Continuum Hypothesis. We also prove the existence of two separable C*-algebras of the form ⊕iMk(i) (ℂ) such that the assertion that their coronas are isomorphic is independent from ZFC, which gives the first example of genuinely noncommutative coronas of separable C*-algebras with this property.
Study of Eclipsing Binary and Multiple Systems in OB Associations IV: Cas OB6 Member DN Cas
Authors: Bakış V. , Bakış H. , Bilir S. , Eker Z.
Published: September 2016

An early-type, massive, short-period ($P_{\text{orb}}=2^d.310951$) eclipsing spectroscopic binary DN Cas has been re-visited with new spectral and photometric data. The masses and radii of the components have been obtained as $M_1=19.04\pm 0.07\,\text{M}_\odot$, $M_2=13.73\pm 0.05\,\text{M}_\odot$ and $R_1=7.22\pm 0.06\,\text{R}_\odot$, $R_2=5.79\pm 0.06\,\text{R}_\odot$, respectively. Both components present synchronous rotation ($V_{\text{rot}1}=160\,\text{km } \text{s}^{-1}$, $V_{\text{rot}2}=130\ \text{km} \,\text{s}^{-1}$) with their orbit. Orbital period analysis yielded a physically bound additional component in the system with a minimum mass of $M_3=0.88\,\text{M}_\odot$ orbiting in an eccentric orbit (e = 0.37 ± 0.2) with an orbital period of P12 = 42 ± 9 yr. High precision absolute parameters of the system allowed us to derive a distance to DN Cas as 1.7 ± 0.2 kpc which locates the system within the borders of the Cas OB6 association (d = 1.8 kpc). The space velocities and the age of DN Cas are in agreement with those of Cas OB6. The age of DN Cas (τ = 3–5 Myr) is found to be 1–2 Myr older than the embedded clusters (IC 1795, IC 1805, and IC 1848) in the Cas OB6 association, which implies a sequential star formation in the association.
Population status and fishery potential of the mangrove crab,Ucides cordatus(Linnaeus, 1763) in North-eastern Brazil
Authors: Santos Luciana Cavalcanti Maia , Pinheiro Marcelo Antonio Amaro , Dahdouh-Guebas Farid , Bitencourt Marisa Dantas
Published: September 2016

Ucides cordatusis a semi-terrestrial crab and key species endemic to mangrove areas of eastern Americas. In North-eastern Brazil this crab holds a major socio-economic function for artisanal fisheries, as in the São Francisco River Estuary (10°30′27″S 36°23′45″W). Nevertheless, decreases in this species’ stock have been reported since 2000, requiring assessments of the crab population for conservation and management purposes. This study aims at assessing the population status and the fishery potential of this species in the mangroves of this estuary and suggests strategies for its fishery and conservation, according to the guidelines of the National Management Plan forU. cordatusSustainable Use. Six different sites established in 30 km2of mangroves were sampled, with the density ofU. cordatusburrows estimated to evaluate the population structure using the measure of burrow diameters. Results show that the crab mean burrow size was 56.82 (±12.2) mm and that the medium-size crabs (40–70 mm) are the most abundant. The total mean crab density was 1.2 crabs m−2, from which the density of crabs in commercial size (0.85 ± 0.55 crabs m−2) was significantly higher than those in non-commercial size (0.35 ± 0.21 burrow m−2). These mangroves showed a high potential for the crab fishery, with an immediate extractive potential (IEP) of 71.2% and future extractive potential (FEP) of 28.8%. Nevertheless, a lower crab density, probably due to high crab mortality, mangrove deforestation for shrimp farming and high fishery pressure, is a limiting factor for local fishery. We conclude that mangrove areas more appropriate forU. cordatusfishery (extractive areas) show higher mean crab size, IEP and density of commercial crabs, wherein a fixed exploitation rate or/and a fixed escapement rule should be considered. Exclusion areas, intended for the conservation, show lower values of these population parameters and higher FEP, wherein the fishery should be prohibited. These management strategies should also be considered in other Brazilian mangrove areas showing similar crab population structure, thus contributing to the National Management Plan forU. cordatusSustainable Use.
Luke's Alteration of Joel 3.1–5 in Acts 2.17–21
Authors: Blumhofer C. M.
Published: September 2016

This article examines the alterations that Luke makes to his citation of Joel 3.1–5 in Acts 2.17–21. It argues that Luke has chosen various Scriptural co-texts to shape the meaning of Joel's prophecy as it applies to the early church. Thus, the various changes that Luke makes to Joel's prophecy reflect Luke's theological vision for the way in which Israel's eschatological restoration is occurring within the community of the early church.
The Ravenous Wolf: The Apostle Paul and Genesis 49.27 in the Early Church
Authors: Hannah Darrell D.
Published: September 2016

Jacob's blessing of his youngest son Benjamin (Gen 49.27) was widely understood in the early Church as a prophecy of that most (in)famous Benjaminite, the apostle Paul. This exegesis enjoyed enduring popularity and can be traced to every corner of the Roman world. It is also early: it was already well established by the time of its earliest surviving witnesses at the end of the second century. But if it predates the late second century, when did it originate? While we can only speculate, this paper offers reasons for supposing that this exegesis may reach back into the first century.
Hebrews 9.23: Cult Inauguration, Yom Kippur and the Cleansing of the Heavenly Tabernacle
Authors: Jamieson R. B.
Published: September 2016

Theprima faciesense of the assertion of Hebrews 9.23 that the heavenly things themselves needed to be cleansed is often rejected as fantastic or preposterous. Consequently, the verse is often read as describing the cleansing of conscience or the inauguration, not purification, of the heavenly tabernacle. Both interpretations are critiqued here. Positively, this essay argues that in Heb 9.23 Christ's sacrifice cleanses the tabernacle in heaven from antecedent defilement in order to inaugurate the new covenant cult. I argue that the structure of 9.23–8 and the manner in which Hebrews appropriates both cult inauguration and Yom Kippur support this conclusion.
Atonement at the Right Hand: The Sacrificial Significance of Jesus' Exaltation in Acts
Authors: Moffitt David M.
Published: September 2016

Luke-Acts is strangely silent regarding the sacrificial significance of Jesus' crucifixion. Curiously, too, Acts more closely links the salvific benefits that Jesus provides with his resurrection and exaltation than with his death. Luke, many conclude, is not concerned with explaining Jesus' atoning work in terms of Jewish sacrificial categories. By way of contrast, this article argues that Luke's connecting of forgiveness and purification (i.e. key elements of sacrificial atonement) with Jesus' exaltation indicates that he is aware of the sacrificial aspects of Jesus' work. Jewish sacrifice consists of a hierarchically structured ritual process that cannot be reduced to the slaughter of the victim. In Leviticus, the culminating elements of this process occur as the priests convey the materials of the sacrifice into God's presence (i.e. offer the sacrifice) by approaching and serving at the various altars. Such a perspective on sacrifice is suggestive for interpreting Luke's emphasis on Jesus' exaltation in Acts. Luke has not stressed the sacrificial aspects of Jesus' death, but has highlighted the atoning benefits of Jesus' exaltation because he understands Jesus to have offered his atoning sacrifice as part of his exaltation to the right hand of God.