bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tolerance of Hymenaea stigonocarpa mart. Ex Hayne. To glyphosate
Authors: Faria G. S. , Carlos L. , Vasconcelos-Filho S. C. , Freitas S. T. F. , Lourenço L. L. , Sousa A. C. D. , Bessa L. A. , Vitorino L. C.
Published: October 2024

Abstract Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne has leaves with adaxial and abaxial epidermis covered by a very thick cuticle, in addition to anatomical structures involved in reducing the amount of herbicide absorbed by plants. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that H. stigonocarpa is potentially resistant to the herbicide glyphosate, exposing the plants to different doses (0, 96, 240, 480, and 960 g a.e ha-1). We carried out assessments of the symptoms, anatomy, growth and physiology of the plants and found that exposure to glyphosate negatively affected the height and number of leaves of the plants. Leaf fall resulted in a reduction in the photosynthetic capacity of plants, which responded by investing in stem diameter. Despite this, no visual symptoms of glyphosate toxicity were observed at the concentrations evaluated and histochemical tests did not detect signs of oxidative stress in the leaves, nor starch accumulation, indicating that carbohydrate translocation was not impaired. These results confirm our hypothesis of tolerance of H. stigonocarpa to glyphosate. Furthermore, plants exposed to the lowest doses of glyphosate (96 and 240 g ha-1) showed good growth, photosynthesis, transpiration and photochemical potential responses, indicating a hormetic effect in this application range.
Os novos e velhos desafios para os saberes sobre as plantas medicinais e fitoterapia na Estratégia Saúde da Família após a pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Rodrigues Mariana Leal
Published: October 2024

Resumo O uso e prescrição de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos na Estratégia Saúde da Família enfrenta novos e velhos desafios no contexto pós-pandemia de Covid-19. No mundo, o modelo biomédico se fortaleceu como principal paradigma orientador do cuidado. No Brasil, o aumento da pobreza e o desinvestimento em políticas de saúde se somaram ao fenômeno da desinformação. O artigo discute como a oferta de fitoterapia e outras práticas integrativas e complementares foram afetadas nesse contexto a partir de dados de duas pesquisas anteriores à pandemia. A primeira, realizada com profissionais de saúde no município do Rio de Janeiro, identifica os conflitos entre categorias profissionais no uso e prescrição. A segunda, uma abordagem etnográfica, descreve como grupos populares têm reivindicado o reconhecimento de saberes sobre plantas medicinais como patrimônio cultural imaterial. A fim de evitar a categorização dessas práticas como desinformação em saúde, é necessário compreender o uso tradicional em contextos locais.
LEPTOSPIROSE BOVINA - VARIANTES SOROLÓGICAS PREDOMINANTES EM COLHEITAS EFETUADAS NO PERÍODO DE 1984 A 1997 EM REBANHOS DE 21 ESTADOS DO BRASIL
Authors: Favero M. , Pinheiro S.R. , Vasconcellos S.A. , Morais Z.M. , Ferreira F. , Ferreira Neto J.S.
Published: October 2024

RESUMO São apresentadas as variantes sorológicas de leptospiras predominantes nos exames de soroaglutinação microscópica (SAM) efetuados no período de 1984 a 1997 em 31.325 bovinos de 1920 propriedades distribuídas em 540 municípios de 21 estados do Brasil. Os exames foram executados com uma coleção de 24 variantes sorológicas de leptospiras: australis, bratislava, autumnalis, butembo, castellonis, bataviae, canicola, whitcombi, cinoptery, grippotyphosa, hebdomadis, copenhageni, icterohaemorrhagiae, javanica, panamá, pomona, pyrogenes, hardjo, wolffi, shermani, tarassovi, sentot, andamana, e patoc; com triagem na diluição de 1:100 e titulação em série de diluições geométricas de razão dois. A distribuição percentual dos animais examinados por estado incluiu: SP (52,8%), MG (14,3%), RS (7,8%), PR (5,34%), RJ (3,66%), GO (3,34%), MS (2,81%), BA (2.10%), SC, (1,65%), MA (1.18%), ES (0,86%), PA (0.97%), MT (0,75%), PI (0.71%), CE (0.38%), DF (0,31%), TO (0.31%), AL (0.32%), PB (0.25%), RN (0.11%) e RO (0.07%). A distribuição temporal dos animais examinados incluiu 36,7% no intervalo entre 1984 a 1994 e 63,3% entre 1995 a 1997. Os resultados obtidos revelaram que houve 84,1% de propriedades acusando pelo menos um animal positivo; 94,18% de municípios acusando pelo menos um animal positivo e a presença de rebanhos contendo animais positivos em todos os 21 estados trabalhados. Os percentuais de animais reatores para pelo menos uma variante sorológica apresentaram a média de 37,94% , com flutuações na faixa de 25, 2 a 38, 3 % nos estados de SC, CE, PR, DF, SP e PA; de 40,7 a 58,4% nos estados de PB, TO, R.J, MG, GO, RO, RN, PI, MA e AL e superior a 61,0% nos estados da BA, ES, MS e MT. As variantes sorológicas mais prováveis por rebanho, considerando-se os que apresentaram título mais elevado e eliminando-se, desta análise, os animais que apresentaram título idêntico, para duas ou mais variantes sorológicas revelaram reações para a variante hardjo nos rebanhos do estado do RN e DF; hardjo e wolffi no MA, AL, BA, ES, MS, SP, RJ e GO; hardjo e grippotyphosa em TO, hardjo, castellonis e patoc em SC; hardjo, wolffi e grippotyphosa no CE; hardjo, wolffi e pomona no PR e MG; hardjo wolffi e pyrogenes no RS e RO; hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae e pyrogenes na PB; hardjo, wolffi e hebdomadis no PI.
EFFECT OF EMAMECTIN BENZOATE ON SEVERAL LARVAL STAGES OF COTTON LEAFWORM ALABAMA ARGILLACEA HÜB. (LEPIDOPTERA:NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Scarpellini J. R.
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the performance of emamectin benzoate on several larval stages of cotton leafworm. The statistical design was full random distribution, with seven treatments and four replicates, and the trial was conducted in laboratory conditions. Two types of application were made: directly on the insect and on leaves that were later given to the insects to feed. The four larval stages used were determined as described: under 0.5 cm lenght, between 0.51 and 1.0 cm, between 1.01 cm and 2.0 cm and above 2.01 cm. The direct application was also made on pupae and pre-pupae stages. The treatments were: emamectin at 3.84, 5.76, 7.68 and 9.6 g a.i./ ha; abamectin at 9.0 g a.i./ha; lufenuron at 15.0 g a.i./ha and one untreated check. Larvae mortality was assessed at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours after the treatment for both direct application and leaf application. The conclusion about the application on leaves was that all larval stages died 12 h after starting eating the leaves treated with emamectin at 9.6 g a.i./ha and 24 h after starting eating the leaves treated with emamectin at 7.68 g a.i./ha. Emamectin at 3.84 and 5.76 g a.i./ha promoted high mortality of larvae under 1.0 cm, 48 hs after start feeding. High larvae mortality was observed on leaves treated with lufenuron 48 hs after feeding started although later stages were able to transform into pupal stage. All treatments applied directly on the insects provided high mortality on larvae smaller than 1.0 cm. The mortality was also high for all treatments on larvae bigger than 2.01 cm but less than the mortality on younger larvae.
ATRATIVIDADE DE SEMENTES DE “TAIUIÁ” (CAYAPONIA TAYUYA (VELL.) COGN., CUCURBITACEAE) A DIABROTICA SPP. (COLEOPTERA, CHRYSOMELIDAE), EM ACELGA (BETA VULGARIS L. VAR. CICLA L., CHENOPODIACEAE) NA ESTAÇÃO EXPERIMENTAL DO INSTITUTO AGRONÔMICO, EM SÃO ROQUE, SP
Authors: Sanches M. A. , Ishimura I.
Published: October 2024

RESUMO Um estudo da atratividade de sementes de Cayaponia tayuya (Vell.) Cogn. (Cucurbitaceae) a Diabrotica spp. (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) foi realizado e demonstrou-se ser esta isca cerca de três vezes mais atrativa que raízes e caules da mesma planta, sugerindo a possibilidade de sua utilização no controle de D. speciosa (Germar, 1824).
Response surface for quantifying the effects of NaCl and pH on lettuce
Authors: Mainardi Pedro Henrique , Bidoia Ederio Dino
Published: October 2024

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the response surface methodology (RSM), with a large sample size, to investigate the effects of NaCl and pH on the root elongation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in vitro. For this, 20 lettuce seeds were placed in sterile Petri dishes with two filter papers at the bottom and 3.0 mL of the sample being tested. A rotatable 2x2 factorial arrangement was used, with two factors and a two-level matrix, incorporating two center points and ±1.41 α axial points. Each treatment group consisted of 40 replicates, resulting in 400 experimental observations. Increasing NaCl concentration from 0.0065 to 2,700 g L-1 caused a 19.3% decrease in lettuce root elongation. When pH decreased from 7.0 to 1.5, there was a 68.8% decrease in root elongation, but, when it increased from 7.0 to 12.5, there was a 44.9% decrease. The analysis of combined effects showed that the increase in NaCl concentration reduced the ability of the plant to resist changes in pH. The RSM was effective in evaluating the statistical significance of the NaCl and pH factors, including their second-order effects and interactions, as well as in quantifying their effects on the root elongation of lettuce under the experimental conditions. Therefore, the RSM is a valuable tool for interpreting the results and evaluating the sensitivity of multi-factor research, even when dealing with a large sample size.
Performance of four genomic selection methods using different heritability and QTL numbers
Authors: Peixoto Leonardo de Azevedo , Teodoro Paulo Eduardo , Teodoro Larissa Pereira Ribeiro , Cruz Cosme Damião , Bhering Leonardo Lopes
Published: October 2024

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate how heritability and the number of quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the trait can influence the prediction of genetic value by genomic selection methods. A prediction equation was established to estimate genetic correlation based on phenotypic correlation, using an F2 population with 1,000 individuals, simulated in different scenarios. Heritability (5, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 99%) and QTL number (60, 120, 180, and 240) varied in each scenario. The following four genomic selection methods were used in the analyses: ridge-regression best linear unbiased prediction (RR-BLUP), genomic BLUP (GBLUP), Bayesian estimation method B (Bayes B), and reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces regression (RKHS). The phenotypic and genotypic predictive abilities were calculated for each method, and Tukey’s test was used to compare means. The effect of heritability and of the number of QTL controlling the trait was evaluated by the regression analysis. Tukey’s test revealed differences between the methods, with Bayes B and RR-BLUP being superior to the others in almost all scenarios. Heritability presents a positive linear relationship with phenotypic predictive ability and a positive quadratic relationship with genotypic predictive ability. The number of QTL controlling the trait has no relationship with the phenotypic and genotypic predictive abilities.
Minikin’s equation mistake — a mystic art of systems of measuring units
Authors: Magda Waldemar
Published: October 2024

This paper deals with one of the most controversial equations in coastal engineering — the so-called Minikin’s equation, describing the impact pressure due to wave breaking on a vertical-wall caisson of a composite breakwater. This equation has been used worldwide for many years, although it has been reported many times to overestimate real values of the impact pressure measured in nature and in the laboratory. Units of measurement, problems with dimensionality of parameters and conversion between different unit systems were suspected as causes. This paper explores in rigorous detail the reason behind the problems associated with Minikin’s equation. After a thorough literature review and a detailed analysis of all previously published forms of Minikin’s equation, a question of coherence/incoherence of systems of measuring units has been specially addressed. By adopting the incoherent English Engineering system of units, the most proper and satisfactory explanation of the curious mistake in Minikin’s formula has been found and formally correct forms of the equation, followed by appropriate units of measurement, are presented.
Role of Z-DNA Binding Protein 1 Sensing Mitochondrial Z-DNA and Triggering Necroptosis in Oxalate-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Chen Caiming , Xie Jingzhi , Chen Zhimin , Ye Keng , Wu Chengkun , Dai Xingchen , Yuan Ying , Lin Yujiao , Wang Yujia , Chen Hong , Wu Jianfeng , Ma Huabin , Xu Yanfang
Published: October 2024

Key Points

Gene deletions of Zbp1, Ripk3, and Mlkl reduced severity of oxalate-induced AKI.

Mice with mutation or deletion in the Z-nucleic acid sensing domain (Zα) of Z-DNA binding protein 1 were protected from AKI.

Z-DNA binding protein 1 sensed mitochondrial Z-DNA through its Zα domain, recruited receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 through receptor-interacting protein homotypic interaction motif, and activated mixed lineage kinase domain-like to induce necroptosis.

Background

Calcium oxalate–induced acute kidney injury is a severe condition in which the kidneys suffer rapid damage due to the deposition of oxalate crystals. Known factors contributing to cell death induced by calcium oxalate include receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like (MLKL) protein–dependent necroptosis, as well as necrosis involving peptidylprolyl isomerase F–mediated mitochondrial permeability transition. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms linking mitochondrial dysfunction to RIPK3 activation are not fully understood.

Methods

Mice with gene knockout of Zbp1, Ripk3, or Mlkl and mice with mutations in the Z-nucleic acid sensing domain of Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) or deletion of Zα1 were used in an oxalate-induced AKI model. Proximal renal tubule cells were isolated and cultured for further investigation. Human oxalate nephropathy biopsy samples were analyzed.

Results

Specific gene deletions of Zbp1, Ripk3, or Mlkl in proximal renal tubules significantly reduced the severity of oxalate-induced AKI by preventing necroptosis and subsequent inflammation. Notably, mice with mutations in the Z-nucleic acid sensing domain of ZBP1 or deletion of Zα1 were protected from AKI. In cultured proximal tubular cells, calcium oxalate damaged mitochondria, accompanied by an increase in Bax and a decrease in BCL2 and transcription factor A, mitochondrial (TFAM), leading to the release of mitochondrial Z-DNA. ZBP1 sensed this mitochondrial Z-DNA and then recruited RIPK3 through the receptor-interacting protein homotypic interaction motifs, which in turn activated MLKL through RIPK3 phosphorylation, leading to necroptosis and contributing to AKI.

Conclusions

ZBP1 plays a critical role in sensing mitochondrial Z-DNA and initiating RIPK3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis, contributing to the development of oxalate-induced AKI.
Sufrir del azúcar: diabetes, atención en salud y vida cotidiana
Authors: Reyes Sevillano Wilmar Hernán
Published: October 2024

La enfermedad crónica entraña un padecimiento de orden subjetivo que es preciso conocer, comprender y explicar, pues redefine en alto grado el posicionamiento de los sujetos dentro de la estructura social. El presente es un estudio sobre la experiencia subjetiva del padecimiento de la diabetes, en el que se tienen en cuenta su cronicidad, su cualidad de degenerativa, las numerosas exigencias anudadas a su tratamiento y lo que todo ello implica para la cotidianidad de la vida tanto del enfermo como de su círculo más cercano. A lo largo de esta investigación se diserta respecto a la salud como fenómeno individual y colectivo. Así, partiendo de un análisis crítico de las definiciones que la OMS ofrece sobre salud y enfermedad, se exploran las representaciones que sobre estas han elaborado tanto el personal de salud, como los sujetos en general. Con base en tales criterios se estudiaron aspectos como la relación médico-paciente-servicio de salud; las creencias, ideas y discursos establecidos alrededor de la diabetes; las relaciones intersubjetivas entre el enfermo y sus familiares, y el papel de la raza, el género y la clase social en la experiencia del padecimiento. Se respondió a la pregunta: ¿cómo las condiciones sociales y subjetivas se entrecruzan e inciden en las maneras en que aparece la diabetes, se le da sentido y se vive con ella? Para alcanzar tal cometido se centró la mirada principalmente en el individuo enfermo, sus discursos y sus saberes, pero sin descuidar el análisis de las experiencias de los otros actores implicados en el proceso salud-enfermedad-atención, a saber; médicos, enfermeros y familiares del enfermo. A partir de esta investigación es posible argumentar que la enfermedad crónica causa división subjetiva puesto que su padecimiento remite a una dimensión individual e íntima que fractura la identidad y pone en crisis el yo previamente construido, por lo que el cuerpo deviene extraño y productor de malestar. Ahora bien, dado que la enfermedad es, además, un fenómeno social, también vale afirmar que con ella viene aparejada una ruptura biográfica que interroga los marcos de sentido previamente configurados y definidores de la relación con los otros y con el entorno. La enfermedad cuestiona lo historizado.
El derecho sancionador de los particulares: Límites y debido proceso en la jurisprudencia constitucional
Authors: Hernández Hoyos David José
Published: October 2024

El libro analiza los límites a la facultad sancionadora de los particulares según la jurisprudencia constitucional, la cual ha fijado los parámetros del debido proceso a la hora de aplicar sanciones a los miembros de las organizaciones privadas. Para ello, acudiremos al estudio de las reglas y subreglas que ha definido la alta corporación como parámetros del debido proceso para aplicar sanciones entre organizaciones particulares, sin que exista un régimen disciplinario reglamentado por el legislador, como lo encontramos en diversas normas sancionatorias y disciplinarias del derecho público vigentes en el ordenamiento jurídico colombiano. El análisis busca precisar los problemas jurídicos y las consecuencias que se observan en la aplicación de sanciones contenidas en estatutos y reglamentos privados creados por los particulares en las organizaciones privadas. Se aborda de acuerdo con una metodología con enfoque cualitativo, a través de un análisis documental para recolectar información y evaluar la potestad de las organizaciones particulares, en general, de imponer sanciones, con especial énfasis en la facultad disciplinaria del empleador, según el procedimiento para aplicar sanciones que está definido en el artículo 115 del Código Sustantivo del Trabajo. También se realiza un análisis en relación con la constitucionalidad, basado en la Sentencia C-593 de 2014. Finalmente, se concluye que, a pesar de que existe jurisprudencia que limita el actuar de los particulares al aplicar una sanción, es necesario que el legislador reglamente algunos trámites sancionatorios con base en los postulados del debido proceso constitucional, ya que la potestad de reglamentación y definición de las sanciones está quedando a la discreción de los particulares, lo que debilita las garantías del debido proceso para quienes son sometidos a la aplicación de una sanción.
SOME ISSUES OF TEACHING ART EDUCATION IN THE THEATRICAL ARTS
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University of Culture and Arts named after B. Beishenalieva, Iskenderova Zhyldyz
Published: October 2024

The article discusses some issues of teaching art education in the theatrical arts. I must say that there is very little research on the great values of the Kyrgyz people, including theatrical art. Generally speaking, we all know that our culture ‒ these are literature, theater, cinema, fine arts, folk art, etc.B. It should be recognized that there are very few works published in the form of special books, except for articles published on the pages of periodicals devoted specifically to this theatrical art. Today, art reading education is in demand not only in the theatrical sphere, but also in various spheres of society, in the field of culture and television. Thus, it is safe to say that by improving the teaching of art education in higher and secondary educational institutions, we will contribute to the moral education of the younger generation, improving aesthetic taste. Creating conditions for solving such research tasks, making efforts, and carrying out scientific activities is a requirement of time.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ART. CREATIVITY IN THE AGE OF ARTIFICIAL MIND
Authors:   Osh State University, Momunaliev Satkanbay , Omorkulov Almaz ,   Osh State University
Published: October 2024

The article examines the impact of the development of artificial intelligence technology on art in general. The author describes the principles of image generation using neural networks, citing as examples only a few popular neural technology services, trying to explain in simple words the principle of operation of the image generation algorithm. Innovative artificial intelligence technologies are considered that allow you to independently create copies of artistic designs. Both the characteristic features and disadvantages of digital art, its development in the field of art and the introduction of artificial intelligence into creative practices are analyzed. The relevance of new neural creativity and the creation of artistic works using artificial intelligence are discussed. The technological skills of artificial intelligence in the person of the artist are considered, giving birth to a new era of art, creating their masterpieces differently.This scientific article required the study of both a large amount of literary material and electronic Internet resources, as a result of which the main types of graphic editors, their advantages and disadvantages were studied.
MASTERING THE CATEGORY OF BELONGING OF THE KYRGYZ LANGUAGE BASED ON FUNCTIONAL GRAMMAR THROUGH DIDACTIC GAMES (using the example of primary classes in schools with Russian as the language of instruction)
Authors:   American University of Central Asia, Samudinova Zaripa
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the methods of assimilation of the category of belonging in the Kyrgyz language among primary school students with the Russian language of instruction. The main focus is on the use of functional grammar and didactic games as effective tools for the formation and consolidation of knowledge. The research is based on the analysis of pedagogical experience and the use of didactic games, which contribute to a deeper and more stable assimilation of grammatical categories. Various types of games and their classification are presented, methodological approaches to their implementation in the educational process are described. The article emphasizes the importance of integrating game methods into learning, as they activate children's cognitive activity, increase interest in learning the Kyrgyz language and contribute to a better understanding and application of grammatical rules in practice. The results obtained demonstrate that the use of didactic games within the framework of functional grammar significantly improves the process of assimilation of the category of belonging. This is confirmed by experimental data and positive feedback from teachers and students. The article is intended for teachers, methodologists and anyone interested in teaching Kyrgyz in primary schools with Russian as the language of instruction.
INNOVATIVE APPROACHES TO THE USE OF MULTIMEDIA TECHNOLOGIES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE EDUCATION
Authors:   Kyrgyz State University named after I. Arabayev, Turdukozho kyzy Nurshat , Kaldybaev Salidin ,   Ala-Too International University
Published: October 2024

This article discusses the issue of innovative approaches to the use of multimedia technologies in computer science education. In the context of modern education, where digitalization is playing an increasingly important role, exploring the possibilities of various methods and strategies is becoming an urgent task. The approaches discussed in the article, in turn, can improve the effectiveness of teaching computer science using multimedia resources. The article discusses topics such as a game-based approach to learning, virtual and augmented reality, interactive learning materials, machine learning and artificial intelligence, as well as project-based learning and collaboration. Providing an overview of current trends and best practices, the article aims to introduce innovative methods into the educational process, contributing to a deeper understanding of computer science and the development of digital literacy skills among students.
LINGUOPRAGMATIC ASPECT OF MEDIA TEXT STUDY
Authors:   Bishkek State University named after K. Karasaev, Isakova Saltanat
Published: October 2024

The study delves into the linguopragmatic aspects of media texts, emphasizing their significance in shaping public opinion and cultural norms. Media texts are dynamic communication forms that convey messages within specific media formats and genres, necessitating precise semantic, syntactic, and pragmatic accuracy. This article explores key approaches to the linguopragmatic analysis of media texts, identifying their unique characteristics and practical applications. The methods employed include linguistic analysis, discourse analysis, cognitive analysis, and psycholinguistic analysis, aimed at uncovering the interaction between language elements and social contexts. The findings highlight the importance of headlines, rhetorical devices, and interactive elements in engaging audiences and enhancing the pragmatic effect of media texts. The study also underscores the emotional and cognitive impact of media texts on audiences, influencing their perceptions and behaviors. Future research may focus on detailed analysis of specific media text types and their interaction with diverse social and cultural contexts.
PUNCTUATION SYSTEM OF LANGUAGE AND ITS COMPONENTS: ENGLISH AND KYRGYZ PUNCTUATION IN DEVELOPING THE LITERARY DISCOURSE
Authors:   Bishkek State University named after K. Karasaev, Kozuev Durus , Jeenbekova Chinara ,   Ala-Too International University
Published: October 2024

This article describes the role of the punctuation system of language and its components, the formation of punctuation as the development of written communication, English and Kyrgyz punctuation in developing the literary discourse, as well as examples of literary and artistic discourse. Ten basic and generally accepted punctuation marks are considered using the example of literary discourses in the English and Kyrgyz languages. Discourse is defined as a coherent text that has ontological and epistemological properties. Here, an analysis of literary and artistic discourse is carried out; in general, the influence of English and Kyrgyz punctuation on the formation of literary artistic discourse is studied. For linguistic comparison, artistic discourses of a similar extra-linguistic event with a similar social and everyday theme in both compared languages are involved. In general, the ontological and epistemological functions of punctuation marks are applicable. The syntactic, semantic and intonation functions act as the main function and in the updated additional function. As a result, the dual functioning contributes to the establishment of discursive artistic meaning and its theme.
PUBLICISTIC MEANING OF THE REVIEW BY T. SYDYKBEKOV ON THE POETIC COLLECTION “MAKHABAT”
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Kozubekova Gulnaz
Published: October 2024

Publicism is one of the areas in Kyrgyz literary criticism, which has not often become the object of scientific research. Consequently, it can be said that opinions about its variety, comprehensiveness, genres, artistry, and the functions it performs have practically not yet been expressed. Considered from this angle, there are very few special studies on the journalism of individual writers. Therefore, in this article, by referring to the journalistic works of the writer Tugelbay Sydykbekov, an attempt is made to contribute to the solution of this urgent problem. T. Sydykbekov in his work addressed all journalistic genres, exerting his influence on society through them. Among them, in the first place, are his reviews, which are one of the genres of journalism, which in their time caused a lot of discussions and still do not lose their significance. At the same time, the writer's reviews are very diverse (on a work of art, on scientific works, on dictionaries, films, and much more). The article discusses the review written on the collection of poems by A. Osmonov “Makhabat” and the influence it had on the author. The validity of this review is considered in comparison with the review article of the poet M. Alybaev "Senseless Love" to the same collection.
THE SPECIAL STATUS OF THE BATKEN REGION AND THE INTERACTION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS, SPECIAL MODES OF OPERATION IN THE REGION
Authors:   Jogorku Kenesh of the Kyrgyz Republic, Azhibaev Chyngyz , Rysov Chyngyzbek ,   City Hall of Razzakov, Asanova Nuriza ,   International University Ala-Too
Published: October 2024

This scientific article explores the special status of the Batken region in the context of the interaction of local governments and special modes of operation on its territory. The purpose of the study is to analyze the mechanisms of regulating relations between central and local authorities within the framework of a special status, as well as to assess the effectiveness of special modes of operation for the development of the territory. The research methodology is based on the analysis of legislative acts, scientific literature, empirical data and interviews with representatives of local governments and experts on regional policy. In the course of the work, the current situation in the Batken region will be analyzed, the features of the special status of the territory and its impact on the activities of local governments will be determined. Special attention is paid to the special modes of operation in the region and their impact on the socio-economic development of the region. The paper provides information on the special status of the Batken region and the activities of local authorities, as well as on emergency regimes operating on its territory.
Célzott emberölés és igazságos háború
Authors: Boda Mihály
Published: October 2024

A 2000-es évek eleje óta Izrael vagy az Egyesült Államok hadserege fokozódó mértékben támad célzottan egy-egy korábban azonosított és megfigyelt terrorista vezetőt vagy a terrorizmusban komolyabb szerepet játszó személyt. Ennek a folyamatnak egy kiemelkedő eseménye volt az Oszama bin Laden ellen irányuló sikeres támadás 2011. május elején. Ezeknek a küldetéseknek, amelyekben egy-egy nevesített személy ellen hajtottak végre halálos támadást, a legelterjedtebb elnevezése a „célzott emberölés”. A célzott emberölést magukban foglaló küldetések a végrehajtó felek igénye szerint az általuk igazságosan viselt háború részét képezik. A következőkben azt a kérdést vizsgálom meg, hogy a célzott emberölés tényleg része-e az igazságosan viselt háborúnak. A kérdés direkt vizsgálata és megválaszolása előtt szükségesnek tartom tisztázni az igazságos háború fogalmát, illetve a célzott emberölés fogalmát.
Válság vagy sodródás? : A védelemgazdaság problémái Magyarországon
Authors: Szenes Zoltán
Published: October 2024

A szerző a cikkben a védelem és biztonság gazdasági kérdéseivel foglalkozik, amelynek központjába a védelmi szükségletek iráni kereslet és kínálat kérdéseit, illetve az egyensúly megteremtésének lehetőségeit helyezte. Bemutatja, hogy amíg a keresleti oldalon jelentős változások történtek a NATO és EU tagság után, a kínálati oldal hagyományos módon próbálja a szükségleteket kielégíteni. Bár megtörtént a védelemgazdasági stratégiaváltás Magyarországon, a szabályozás nem fejeződött be, a hagyományos ellátási források megújítása elmaradt.A szerző érvelése szerint a honvédelem szellemi lefegyverzését nemcsak a védelemgazdasági reálszféra háttérbe szorulása, forráselégtelensége, hanem a védelemgazdaságtan oktatási-kutatási egységeinek megszüntetése is kifejezi. A változáshoz teljes fordulatra van szükség. A szerkesztőség a cikket egyben vitaindítónak is szánja, hogy teret adjon a védelemgazdaságtan megújítását szolgáló gondolatoknak, kutatási eredményeknek.
Fejezetek a hadtörténelemből : Válogatás a Hadtörténeti esték 2006 és 2014 között elhangzott előadásaiból
Authors: Kult László
Published: October 2024

A Fejezetek a hadtörténelemből 3. című tanulmánykötet a Pécsi Tudományegyetem Bölcsészettudományi Kar Történettudományi Intézetében 2006. február 22. óta folyamatosan megrendezésre kerülő Hadtörténeti estékcímű előadássorozat egyik kiemelkedőállomása.
A magyar repüléstudomány 2015. évi seregszemléje Szolnokon
Authors: Óvári Gyula , Szilvássy László
Published: October 2024

Több mint két évtizedes hagyomány folytatásaként rendezte meg 2015. április 9-én a Nemzeti Közszolgálati Egyetem Hadtudományi és Honvédtisztképző Kar Katonai Üzemeltető Intézet Katonai Repülő Tanszéke, valamint a Magyar Hadtudományi Társaság Légierő Szakosztálya a nemzetközi Űrhajózás Napjához kapcsolódó repüléstudományi konferenciáját.
A HUNOR hivatásos nehéz kutató-mentő mentőszervezet alkalmazásának logisztikai feladatai
Authors: Muhoray Árpád , Teknős László
Published: October 2024

A XX. század a katasztrófák évszázadaként is ismert. A XXI. században az tapasztalható, hogy a katasztrófák egyre intenzívebben, kiterjedtebben fejtik ki hatásaikat, nagyobb beavatkozási, reagálási komplexitást követelve. A katasztrófák következményeinek, káros hatásainak felszámolásában egyre nagyobb szerep hárul az önkéntességen alapuló mentőszervezetekre. Jelen cikkben a szerzők kísérletet tesznek arra, hogy az önkéntes mentőszervezeteken belül a HUNOR hivatásos mentőszervezet jelentőségére felhívják a figyelmet, alkalmazásának logisztikai feladatait elemezve, a logisztikai támogató rendszerének kutatása mentén.
A csapatvezetési rendszerek automatizálásának első eredményei az USA fegyveres erőinél I.
Authors: Négyesi Imre
Published: October 2024

Ez a cikk egy hosszú időre tervezett kutatás részeredménye. A kutatás végső célja az informatikai szolgálat történetének megírása a rendszeresített technikai eszközök szemszögéből. Ebben a cikkben a háborús vezetés automatizálásának az 1960-s évektől tervezett programjai és részletesen az amerikai szárazföldi csapatoknál a tábori (összfegyvernemi) hadsereg automatizált csapatvezetési rendszerének három alrendszeréből a csapatok harctevékenységének automatizált vezetési rendszerét, a TOS‒75 rendszert mutatom be.
A csapatvezetési rendszerek automatizálásának első eredményei az USA fegyveres erőinél II.
Authors: Négyesi Imre
Published: October 2024

Ez a cikk egy hosszú időre tervezett kutatás részeredménye. A kutatás végső célja az informatikai szolgálat történetének megírása a rendszeresített technikai eszközök szemszögéből. Ebben a cikkben először az előző rész folytatásaként a háborús vezetés automatizálásának tervezett programjai közül az amerikai szárazföldi csapatoknál a tábori (összfegyvernemi) hadsereg automatizált csapatvezetési rendszerének második alrendszerét, a tábori (összfegyvernemi) hadsereg tervezett automatizált csapatvezetési rendszerét, a TACFIRE rendszert mutatom be a rendszer technikai hátterének szemszögéből. A cikk második részében a háborús vezetés automatizálásának tervezett programjai közül az amerikai szárazföldi csapatoknál a tábori hadsereg automatizált csapatvezetési rendszerének harmadik alrendszerét, a hadtápellátás automatizált adatfeldolgozó rendszerét, a CS3 rendszert mutatom be, ugyancsak a rendszer technikai hátterének szemszögéből.
A katonai vezetés erkölcsi és morális elemei
Authors: Boda Mihály
Published: October 2024

Az alábbiakban probléma-centrikusan megvizsgálom az Euro-ISME (International Society for Military Ethics in Europe) 2015-ös, éves, a „katonai vezetés erkölcsi és morális elemei” témában tartott konferenciáján (Belgrád, 2015. május 10−13.) tárgyalt katonai etikai problémákat. Tekintve a konferencia internacionális jellegét, a vizsgált problémákról kijelenthető, hogy legalábbis részét képezik a katonai vezetésre irányuló kortárs katonai etikai vizsgálódások gerincének. Alább a katonai vezetés és az egyszerű parancsolás fogalmának különbségére; a katonai felsővezetői (és politikusi) döntés erkölcsi és morális természetére; illetve a katonai egyéb vezetői döntés erkölcsi és morális természetére koncentrálok.
A nemzetbiztonsági tevékenység szerepe a társadalomban
Authors: Vida Csaba
Published: October 2024

A szerző a nemzetbiztonság elméletével kapcsolatos tanulmányában az eddigi kutatási eredményeinek egyes elemeit teszi közzé. A cikkben bemutatja a nemzetbiztonsági szolgálatok funkcióját, amely során bebizonyítja, hogy a szolgálatok hasznos szereplői az ország biztonsági rendszerének. A szolgálatok funkciójának elemzése után meghatározza, hogy a szolgálatok alapvetően két fő feladata van az ország értékeinek védelme és érdekeinek érvényre juttatásának támogatása. A szolgálatok alapvetően egy információ-szolgáltató szervezetek. A tanulmányban megfogalmazza a nemzetbiztonsági szolgálatokkal szembeni követelményeket, valamint megvizsgálja, hogy meddig tart a szolgálatok felelőssége a döntéshozók tájékoztatása során.
Az Iszlám Állam néven ismertté vált terrorszervezet „propagandagépezete”
Authors: Krizbai Diána Daniella
Published: October 2024

Az Iszlám Állam (ISIS) a terrorszervezet, amely elsősorban a „lefejezős videóiról” ismert, s egyik pillanatról a másikra világhírűvé vált. Hogyan? A XXI. századi tömegkommunikációs eszközök – különösen az internet – segítségével propaganda-hadjáratot indított: világszintű toborzást folytat, közben világszerte talál magának szimpatizánsokat, követőket, s nem utolsó sorban mindeközben az összes többi emberben egyre nagyobb félelmet generál. Az Európában és Magyarországon megnőtt félelemérzetet már nem csak a tömegkommunikáció, illetve a tömegmédia gerjeszti, hiszen személyes élmények is lehetnek. Az ISIS Nyugat ellen indított „szent háborúja” különösen félelmetessé vált számunkra, amikor napjainkban Európát és Magyarországot illegális migránsok tömege árasztja el, amelyben szinte lehetetlen kiszűrni a veszélyes egyéneket, terroristákat, illetve terrorszervezettel kapcsolatban állókat.
A tehetséggondozás és tudományos utánpótlás-nevelés múltja, jelene és jövője a hadtudományok területén, különös tekintettel a tudományos diákköri mozgalom szerepére I.
Authors: Németh András
Published: October 2024

A katonai pálya, tiszti hivatás számos kihívás elé állítja az ezt az életutat választókat, legalább annyira, mint a tudományos közéletben való megfelelés kényszere az akadémiai pályán tevékenykedőket. A katonai felsőoktatásban a fenti két területen való helytállás és a körülmények folyamatos változása mind az oktatói, mind a hallgatói állomány részéről fokozott erőfeszítést igényel. A hallgatói létszám csökkenésével a lineáris képzésre való áttéréssel az elmúlt évtizedben jelentősen csökkent a tudományos utánpótlás bázisa, ami már középtávon is komoly problémát jelenthet a hadtudományok területén. A közlemény a tiszti alapképzésben résztvevő tehetségek időben történő felismerésének és tudatos felépítésének jelentőségére, a tudományos diákköri mozgalom fejlődésén és a katonák eddig elért eredményeinek bemutatásán keresztül pedig a tehetséggondozás ezen formájában rejlő lehetőségekre kíván rámutatni a tudományos utánpótlás-nevelés területén.
Felkelés elleni hadviselés a doktrínákban
Authors: Mező András
Published: October 2024

A NATO-doktrína rendszere módszeresen és egységes rendszerben tárgyalja a felkeléssel és a felkelés leverésével kapcsolatos fogalmakat és elveket. A magyar doktrína-rendszer eklektikus rendszerben, ellentmondásosan tesz kísérletet arra, hogy a sajátos magyar szemléletet megjelenítse.
Delineamento do espaço social da agricultura familiar no meio rural tocantinense
Authors: Rauta Petarly Renata , Pedroso Neto Antônio José
Published: October 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e objetivar os meios de vida específicos de famílias de agricultores familiares e os habitus correlatos, com a proposta de delinear o seu espaço social. Foi pesquisado o espaço social da agricultura familiar de um município tocantinense: Wanderlândia. O levantamento de dados se deu a partir de questionários com 41 famílias. A base conceitual é a noção de meios de vida e as noções de espaço social e habitus. Os dados foram analisados via Análise de Correspondências Múltiplas. Os resultados apontaram para a existência típica de três meios de vida e habitus correlatos: um rural mais tradicional; um mais flexionado pelo mundo urbano, escolar e pelas relações formais com o estado; e um mais flexionado pelo mundo urbano, comercial, financeiro e pelas relações com o estado.
Evolução da Agroindústria Rural Familiar no Brasil: um olhar para a dimensão econômica
Authors: Passini João José , Staduto Jefferson Andronio Ramundo , Rocha Flavio de Matos , Kreter Ana Cecília
Published: October 2024

O objetivo desse artigo é analisar a evolução da agroindústria rural familiar no Brasil entre 2006 e 2017, e, principalmente, do ponto vista econômico. Foi calculado a contribuição da renda monetária média da agroindústria rural a partir dos dados Censos Agropecuários de 2006 e 2017. Os resultados mostraram grande queda do número de agroindústrias rurais entre os censos 1995/96 e 2006, seguido de pequena queda entre os censos de 2006 e 2017. Este comportamento foi liderado pela produção da farinha de mandioca e de queijo e requeijão, cuja produção em parte contraiu em razão, respectivamente, da queda no consumo e das regulamentações mais rigorosas. Em 2017 a contribuição média da renda monetária dos produtos transformados foi maior do que várias atividades agrícolas. As políticas públicas são fundamentais para a promoção da agroindústria rural. Conclui-se o processamento de alimentos no Brasil nas agroindústrias rurais familiares é uma importante estratégia de promover o aumento e estabilização da renda do agricultor familiar.
Los actores frente a los proyectos de energía renovable en Yucatán: el Parque Fotovoltaico Ticul
Authors: García-Beltrán Yolanda
Published: October 2024

Introducción: este trabajo tiene como base una investigación que documenta los motivos que conducen al rechazo de los megaproyectos de energía eólica y fotovoltaica en el estado de Yucatán, México. Con base en ello, este texto parte de un análisis de la estrategia de actores Objetivo: el objetivo de este texto es documentar y analizar las opiniones y posturas de los distintos actores que intervienen, en específico, en el caso del Parque Fotovoltaico Ticul, poniendo énfasis en los pobladores locales. Se busca dar respuesta a la siguiente pregunta: ¿cómo intervienen los actores comunitarios en torno a la instalación de proyectos de energía renovable en Yucatán y, en específico, en el caso del Parque Fotovoltaico Ticul, cómo interactúan, qué acciones y estrategias llevan a cabo para lograr sus objetivos?  Metodología: se recurre a la metodología cualitativa. La base de la información radica en entrevistas semiestructuradas así como en la revisión y el análisis de distintas fuentes documentales Conclusiones: los resultados muestran que las alianzas entre actores forman parte esencial de las estrategias forjadas pero que éstas son cambiantes. Además, tienen lugar múltiples relaciones de poder que se materializan en el territorio, las cuales son asimétricas.
Major innovations theories of the 20th century (Part 1)
Authors:   MGIMO University, Shapovalov Vladimir V.
Published: October 2024

This article describes the main innovations theories and concepts of the 20th century. Economists confirm the importance of scientific and technological progress, innovation and institutional changes in stimulating economic growth and development. The article reviews studies conducted by prominent Russian and foreign economists such as M.I. Tugan-Baranovsky, N.D. Kondratiev, J. Schumpeter, P.A. Sorokin, S.Yu. Glaziev, G. Bernal, R. Solow, S. Kuznets, B. Twiss, G. Mensch, K. Freeman, J. Vandein, and other researchers who have made significant contributions to the study of innovations. The article outlines basic innovative theories and concepts, the evolution of approaches to assessing innovation activities, and the analysis of the impact of innovations on economic development. Important topics such as economic cycles, Kondratiev’s wave theory, Schumpeter’s concepts of “creative destruction”, as well as findings done by Bernal, Solow, and Kuznets confirming the influence of scientific and technological progress on economic growth are covered in the article. The importance of scientific research in the field of innovations is emphasized by G. Mensch, K. Freeman, J. Van Deyn, A. Kleinknecht, F. Hayek, B. Lundvall, R. Coase, S. Davis, E. Mansfield, A. Romeo, and D. North, who have identified the role of innovations in stimulating economic development and the need for institutional changes to support the innovative activities. Glaziev’s studies on technological paradigms, Freeman’s concept of a national innovation system, Van Deyn’s hypothesis on the connection between innovation and socio-economic development, as well as the work of Twiss, who highlighted the decisive impact of science and technology on socio-economic development, underscore the significance of research in the field of innovations and its impact on the economy. Innovations theories and concepts define innovation as a crucial factor in economic development, stimulating competition, increasing productivity, and contributing to the restructuring of the economy. Understanding the patterns of innovation activities and the factors influencing their effectiveness is crucial for developing effective economic policies. The results of the research can be used to determine the place of innovation in the modern world, evaluate its impact on the economic growth, and develop measures to support and stimulate the innovative activities of Russian economic entities, ensuring technological leadership and sovereignty in current conditions.
Development of the organizational model of work in modern conditions: trends and effects
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Pan Li
Published: October 2024

The results of effective work organization improve safety and the workers’ quality of life, and increase productivity. Globalisation and digitalization are dramatically changing and meaningfully affecting the organization of work. However, there is currently a lack of research in terms of the foundation of the labor process and its organization – co-operative activity. The article analyses how co-operative activity has a significant impact on the evolution of work organization and the factors influencing its development in a digitized environment. The results show that with the introduction of digital mobile technologies, the work organization model goes beyond the traditional management concept based on rigid hierarchy and managerial control. The implementation of flexible models of labor organization is possible only on the basis of new methods of management and development of employees, particularly in the practice of platform employment, which is gaining rapid traction around the world. In the absence of these conditions, there are many fears about future work related to the features of industry 4.0, which is based on digital technologies.