bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NILAI-NILAI TOLERANSI (AL-SAHAMAH) DALAM PERSPEKTIIF HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Mohamad Rafi'ie  , Isroani Farida , Rini Winarsih  , Achmad Mudrik Bachroini Ad
Published: July 2023

The actualization of religious tolerance is a standard of consideration consistent concept of humans towards mutual respect of other religions by living together without mixing beliefs. This research uses a qualitative case study approach through observation, interview and documentation. The supporting factor for the actualization of the value of tolerance is the goal orientation of each school member, including the principles of wholeness, unity, humanism, and socialism. While the inhibiting factors are based on experience and basic understanding related to religious differences which are influenced by: (1) character and personality, (2) psychological development, (3) parenting pattern, (4) lack of religious teaching, (5) the surrounding environment and culture, and (6) previously established social relations.
Metode Dakwah Dalam Al-Qur`an
Authors: Istiqomah
Published: July 2023

The Qur'an is a guide for mankind. There are so many verses of the Qur'an that talk about the method of da'wah, including Surah Ali-Imran verse 104, An-Nahl verse 125 and Thaha verses 43-44. This research uses qualitative research with literature study technique. The method used is the method of comparative analysis. The comparative method in the science of interpretation is also known as the muqârin (comparative) method. The results of the research from the interpretation of Quraish Shihab and Buya Hamka have similarities and also some differences in interpreting the verses of the da'wah method mentioned above. The two commentators explained that the obligation of da'wah is for all Muslims, but there must be a special group that becomes the core of the da'wah movement as referred to in the letter Ali-Imran verse 104. The da'wah method mentioned in an-Nahl verse 125 is the method of wisdom, mau`izhah hasanah and jidal. And finally in Surah Thaha verses 43-44 the method of da'wah for the rulers is explained by using gentleness.
PENGGUNAAN KOLASE KALIGRAFI DALAM PERKEMBANGAN KREATIVITAS ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN
Authors: Sunia Susilawati  , Kurnia Akbar
Published: July 2023

The development of creativity is an ability that reflects, flexibility, and originality in thinking as well as the ability to develop thoughts and activities. The natural creativity of an early childhood can be seen from his/her great curiosity. This can be seen from the learning activities they can do at school or at home. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of calligraphy collages can develop the creativity of children aged 5-6 years at TKIT Nurul Amal Pondok Cabe Illir Tangerang Selatan.In this study, the authors used descriptive qualitative research by collecting research data through observation, interview instruments and documentation. The research subjects are principals, classroom teachers and parents. While the object of this research is the application of calligraphy collages to the creativity development of children aged 5-6 years at TKIT Nurul Amal Pondok Cabe Illir, South Tangerang.The results obtained from observational research are the development of children's creativity in the application of calligraphy collages, children are happy and enthusiastic in participating in calligraphy collage learning, because with the application of calligraphy collages children play an active role in the learning process.
Transivitas dan Konteks Situasi dalam Surat Edaran Menteri Agama RI Nomor SE. 08 Tahun 2022: Kajian Linguistik Sistemik Fungsional
Authors: Usti Usti , Gusnawaty Gusnawaty , Hasyim Muhammad , Maknun Tadjuddin
Published: July 2023

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan transivitas dan hubungannya dengan konteks situasi dalam Surat Edaran Menteri Agama Republik Indonesia Nomor SE. 08 Tahun 2022 tentang Panduan Penyelenggaraan Ibadah pada Bulan Ramadan dan Idul Fitri Tahun 1443 H/2022 M. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan yang digunakan, yaitu pendekatan linguistik sistemik fungsional. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah surat edaran Menteri Agama Republik Indonesia Nomor SE. 08 tahun 2022 tentang Panduan Penyelenggaraan Ibadah pada Bulan Ramadan dan Idul Fitri Tahun 1443 H/2022 M. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan data tulisan. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua metode, yaitu simak dan catat. Hasil dari penelitian ini, yaitu terdapat empat tipe proses yang muncul, yaitu proses material, behavioural, mental, dan relasional. Partisipan dalam surat edaran tersebut ada dua, yaitu partisipan manusia yang kemunculannya paling banyak dan partisipan bukan manusia (abstrak) yang kemunculannya lebih sedikit daripada partisipan manusia. Sirkumstan yang ditemukan sebanyak lima, yaitu sirkumstan sebab yang muncul paling banyak, disusul dengan sirkumstan lokasi dan sirkumstan cara, kemudian sirkumstan yang paling sedikit kemunculannya adalah sirkumstan penyerta dan masalah. Berkaitan dengan konteks situasi menunjukkan bahwa surat edaran tersebut bergenre instruksi hal tersebut menandakan bahwa penutur memberikan arahan dan petunjuk agar melakukan kegiatan sesuai dengan ketentuan yang terdapat dalam surat edaran tersebut.Kata kunci: transivitas, konteks situasi, surat edaran, Menteri Agama.
Guest Editors' Introduction
Authors: ffrench Patrick , Mathews Timothy
Published: July 2023

The guest editors of this issue of CounterText, Patrick ffrench and Timothy Mathews, introduce the volume Roland Barthes, Fragments of a Lover's Discourse: Translating Again, Writing Again, offering context and rationale for the project, situating the individual contributions, and anticipating their tonalities.
The Dance of Barthes
Authors: Léger Nathalie
Published: July 2023

Nathalie Léger returns to Barthes’s Fragments d’un discours amoureux to highlight its continuing appeal. But can it be pinned down? Should the attempt even be made? Léger draws on a life-time of engagement with Barthes to its range of invitations in this book to think through experience and re-connect with the discourse of love. The story of these engagements begins with ones that no longer seem purposeful – the concern with classification and system; before trusting in experience again, including experiencing the manipulations of romance narratives and the search for bite-size ‘truths’. Written in allusive fragments or affective propositions of its own, the piece presents Fragments d’un discours amoureux biographically, autobiographically, speculatively, pleasurably: it’s an invitation to dance in a rhetorical ballet of attachments full of movement and pauses, and the distances between words and people needed to breathe the air of understanding.
Akademisyenlerde örgütsel dışlanma ve tükenmişlik: kişilik özelliklerinin yordama gücü ve pozitif ve negatif duygulanımın aracı rolü
Authors: ÖZGEN Hande , ÖZMEN İrem
Published: July 2023

Örgütsel dışlanma ve tükenmişlik değişkenlerini akademisyenler üzerinde ele alan bu çalışmanın üç amacı vardır. Birincisi dışlanma ve tükenmişliğin akademisyenlerin cinsiyetlerine ve unvanlarına göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını test etmektir. İkincisi beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinin örgütsel dışlanma ve tükenmişliği yordama düzeylerini tespit etmektir. Üçüncüsü ise örgütsel dışlanma ve tükenmişlik ilişkisinde pozitif ve negatif duygulanımın aracı rolünü saptamaktır. Araştırma verileri Türkiye’deki devlet üniversitelerinin iktisadi ve idari bilimler fakültelerine bağlı bölümlerinde görev yapan 446 (188’i kadın, 258’i erkek) akademisyenden, kolayda örnekleme yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Karşılaştırma testleri, regresyon ve PROCESS Macro analizleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular, örgütsel dışlanmanın erkekler tarafından daha fazla algılandığını göstermiştir. Profesör unvanlı öğretim üyeleri diğer unvanlarla karşılaştırıldığında daha az tükenmişlik hissetmektedirler. Beş faktör kişilik özelliklerinden sorumluluk ve uyumluluk kişilik özellikleri örgütsel dışlanmayı negatif yönde yordamaktadır. Nevrotiklik pozitif yönde, sorumluluk, uyumluluk ve dışadönüklük özellikleri ise negatif yönde tükenmişliği açıklamaktadır. Örgütsel dışlanma ve tükenmişlik ilişkisinde pozitif ve negatif duygulanımın aracı rolüne ilişkin araştırma modeli desteklenmiştir.
Avrupa uyum politikasında uygulanan ortaklık ilkesinin bölgesel ve yerel yönetimler paydaşlığından incelenmesi
Authors: ÖZLÜ Rukiye Mehtap
Published: July 2023

Avrupa ekonomik, sosyal ve bölgesel uyum politikası, Avrupa bölgesel politikası ya da Avrupa Birliği bölgesel politikası olarak da bilinen Avrupa uyum politikası, Avrupa Birliği üye ve aday ülkeler içinde belirli bölgelerin refahı ve yaşam kalitesini arttırmak amacıyla uygulanan bir politikadır. Bu politika, Avrupa Birliği’nin İşleyişi Hakkında Antlaşma’nın Ekonomik, Sosyal ve Yersel Uyum başlığında düzenlenmektedir. Bu düzenlemeye göre Birlik, çeşitli bölgelerin kalkınma düzeyleri arasındaki farkı ve bölgelerin geri kalmışlığını azaltmayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışmada; Avrupa uyum politikasında uygulanan ortaklık ilkesi, bölgesel ve yerel yönetimlerin paydaşlığı bağlamında incelenmiştir. Bölgesel ve yerel yönetimlerin Avrupa uyum politikasının uygulanmasında üstlendiği rolün izah edilmesi çalışmanın amacını oluşturmuştur. Bu bağlamda çalışmada, birincil hukuki kaynaklar ile AB kurum ve organları tarafından son dönemde hazırlanan rapor ve çalışmaların bir sentezi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada; öncelikli olarak uyum politikasının tarihi gelişimi, ortaklık ilkesi özelinde kısaca incelendikten sonra Avrupa Birliği hukukunda ortaklık ilkesi düzenlemeleri değerlendirilmiştir. Ardından çalışmada, bölgesel ve yerel yönetimlerin uyum politikası yönetim aşamalarında aldığı rol ve yüklendiği sorumluluk betimlenmiştir.
Towards a nuclear multipolar world and its spillover effects
Authors: ALKANALKA Mehmet
Published: July 2023

This article analyzes the changes in international structure after the Russia-Ukraine War and its impact on Europe’s security and spill over effects. The major impact of the war on the security of Europe and the world is the serious reawakening of the nuclear dimension of international relations. With the threat of Russian nuclear weapons, Sweden and Finland abandoned their neutrality and applied it to become NATO members. This study reviews national security and defense strategy documents and reports of the USA, France and Germany in light of neo-realism. In the post-Russia-Ukraine War analysis of 2022 documents and reports of the aforementioned countries, we will see more complicated and security-oriented international relations in the next decade because of the transition to a nuclear multipolar international structure. The new international structure seems more complicated because nuclear multipolar aspect rather than bipolar one. States will either seek a nuclear umbrella or develop nuclear weapons in the face of the first nuclear multipolar international structure. This may also affect Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Japan and South Korea. This suggests nuclear proliferation risk.
Osman b. Saîd ed-Dârimî’ye Göre Kur’an ve Yorumu
Authors: Eser Kadir
Published: July 2023

Fethedilen bölgelerde hâkim olan farklı kültürlerin İslam-Arap kültürü üzerinde baskısını arttırdığı bir dönemde tepki hareketi olarak doğan Ehl-i hadîs düşüncesi mihne sürecinde billurlaşmıştır. Mihne sürecinin lehine neticelenmesi Ehl-i hadîsi İslam düşüncesi üzerinde belirleyici bir konuma yükseltmiştir. İslam fikriyatının ve ilim geleneğinin sağlıklı bir şekilde anlaşılabilmesi için Ehl-i hadîsin farklı açılardan ele alınması gerekir. Ehl-i hadîsin meseleleri tartışma yöntemi genellikle rivayet mirasından konuyla ilgili rivayetleri derleme ve kendi görüşünü rivayet metinleri üzerinden dile getirme şeklindedir. Bunun istisnalarından biri Dârimî’dir (öl. 280/894). O, eserlerinde Ehl-i hadîs düşüncesini kelami bir üslupla savunmuştur. Dolayısıyla Ehl-i hadîs düşüncesinin sistemli hâle gelmesinde onun önemli katkıları vardır. Bu çalışmada Dârimî’nin Kur’an ve yorumuna ilişkin görüşleri ele alınmıştır. Çalışmayla Dârimî’nin Kur’an ve tefsir anlayışını ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Onun görüşlerinin farklı açılardan incelenmesi Ehl-i hadîs düşüncesinin muhtelif boyutlarıyla kavranmasına önemli katkılarda bulunacaktır. Çalışmada literatür taraması, döküman analizi ve betimleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Dârimî’nin günümüze ulaşan eserleri taranmış ve elde edilen veriler analiz edilerek çalışmaya aktarılmıştır. Dârimî’nin Kur’an’a ilişkin ele aldığı temel problem halku’l-Kur’ân meselesidir. O, mütekellim olan Allah’tan çıktığı için Kur’an’ın yaratılmadığı kanaatindedir. Tefsirde Kur’an’ı, sünneti, sahâbî ve tâbiîn görüşlerini kaynak olarak kullanmıştır. Ona göre tefsir faaliyeti rivayet işidir. Metnin anlamını rivayetler verir. Rivayetlerin tasvir ettiği mananın ötesine geçmek ve akli çıkarımlarla lafzi manadan uzaklaşmak bir sapmadır. Dârimî Kur’an’ın anlaşılması ve lafzın anlamının tespit edilmesinde sıklıkla metnin bağlamına vurgu yapmakta ve anlamın bağlamda ortaya çıktığını söylemektedir. Dolayısıyla o, metin bağlamından ve dilin genel kullanımından elde edilen lafzi manayı esas almaktadır.
Hâzım Ahmed en-Nevşehrî՚ye Nispet Edilen Vebaՙd Adlı Risâlenin Tahkiki ve Muhteva Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Can Ayhan
Published: July 2023

İslâm geleneğinde kullanımı yaygın olan ”أمّا بعد“ (emmâ baՙd/imdi) ve وبعد“” (vebaՙd) ifadesi pekçok müellif tarafından gramer ve anlam yönüyle ele alınmıştır. Klasik yazım geleneğinin bir parçası olması bakımından ilmî metinlere yapılan kimi şerh ve hâşiyelerde, “emmâ baՙd” veya “vebaՙd” ifdeleriyle ilgili olarak bunların irabı, ilk olarak kim tarafından kullanıldığı ve belagat ilmindeki kavramsal karşılığının ne olduğu gibi bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Yapılan araştırmalara göre bahsi geçen konuda birçok müstakil risâlelerin de telif edildiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu eserlerden birisi de bu çalışmanın konusu olan Seyyid Hâzım Ahmed en-Nevşehrî’ye (ö. 1160/1747-48) nispet edilen Vebaՙd adlı eserdir. Risâlenin müellifi hakkında yapılan araştırma neticesinde aynı isim, mahlas ve baba ismine sahip olup aralarında dede-torun münasebeti bulunan iki ayrı Hâzım tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum nedeniyle risâlenin mezkûr müellife aidiyeti hakkında oluşabilecek tereddütleri giderme adına, makalede eserin müellife olan aidiyeti bahsi geniş bir şekilde ele alınmıştır. Muhtevasına bakıldığında müellifin on başlık altında vebaՙd hakkında kısa bilgiler verdiği görülen bu risâle üzerinde yapılan bu tahkik ve değerlendirmeden; risâlenin dede Hâzım՚a ait olduğu, kendi alanında önemli bir yer teşkil etmekle birlikte bu konu özelinde kaleme alınan ilk müstakil risâlelerden birisi olarak sayılabileceği sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca Hâzım, Vebaՙd adlı çalışmasında bu ifadeyi genel hatlarıyla ele alarak kendinden önceki âlimlerin vermiş olduğu bilgileri derlemiş, okuyucunun kolaylıkla ulaşabilmesi için tek bir eserde sunmuştur. Bu araştırmada temel olarak mukayese ve analiz yöntemine başvurulmuş, bahis mevzusu edilen konular hakkında klasik kaynaklardan elden geldiğince faydalanılmaya çalışılmıştır.
Improvement of optimum pH and specific activity of pectate lyase from Bacillus RN.1 using loop replacement
Authors: Li Piwu , Wei Xiaofeng , Wang Yun , Liu Hui , Xu Yanpeng , Zhang Ziyang , Li Junlin , Wang Jianbin , Guo Chuanzhuang , Sui Songsen , Wang Junqing , Wang Ruiming
Published: July 2023

Background: Alkaline pectate lyase plays an important role in papermaking, biological refining and wastewater treatment, but its industrial applications are largely limited owing to its low activity and poor alkali resistance.

Methods: The alkaline pectate lyase BspPel from Bacillus RN.1 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) and its activity and alkali resistance were improved by loop replacement. Simultaneously, the effect of R260 on enzyme alkaline tolerance was also explored.

Results: Recombinant pectate lyase (BspPel-th) showed the highest activity at 60°C and pH 11.0, and showed significant stability over a wide pH range (3.0–11.0). The specific enzyme activity after purification was 139.4 U/mg, which was 4.4 times higher than that of the wild-type enzyme. BspPel-th has good affinity for apple pectin, since the Vmax and Km were 29 μmol/min. mL and 0.46 mol/L, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation results showed that the flexibility of the loop region of BspPel-th was improved.

Conclusion: The modified BspPel-th has considerable potential for industrial applications with high pH processes.
In vitro induction of Entamoeba gingivalis cyst-like structures from trophozoites in response to antibiotic treatment
Authors: Becker Christin , Adam Aysegül , Dommisch Henrik , Stach Thomas , Schaefer Arne S.
Published: July 2023

Background

Entamoeba gingivalis (E. gingivalis) is an anaerobic protozoan that is strongly associated with inflamed periodontal pockets. It is able to invade the mucosal epithelium of the human host, where it can feed on epithelial cells and elicit a severe innate immune response. Unlike other Entamoeba species, it is considered that E. gingivalis cannot form cysts, because it is a non-infectious protozoan. The lack of encystation capability would make it susceptible to periodontal treatment. However, it is not clear how the human host becomes infected with E. gingivalis trophozoites. We investigated the ability of E. gingivalis to encapsulate in response to an unfavorable environment in vitro.

Methods

Different strains of E. gingivalis, isolated from inflamed periodontal pocket samples, were cultured for 8 days in the presence or absence of the antimicrobials amoxycillin and metronidazole. To reveal cyst formation, we investigated the morphology and ultrastructure of the amoeba by light, fluorescence, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. We also used the fluorescent dye calcofluor white M2R to demonstrate chitin present in the cyst wall.

Results

We observed exocysts and an intra-cystic space separating the encapsulated trophozoite from the environment. Remarkably, cysts showed a smooth surface, polygonal edges and smaller size compared to free-living trophozoites. In addition, encapsulated trophozoites that detached from the cyst wall had a dense cytoplasma without phagocytic vesicles. The cyst walls consisted of chitin as in other Entamoba species. The encapsulated trophozoids were mononuclear after antibioticinduced encapsulation.

Discussion

We conclude that E. gingivalis cyst formation has significant implications for dissemination and infection and may explain why established treatment approaches often fail to halt periodontal tissue destruction during periodontitis and peri-implantitis.
Characterization of upper airway microbiome across severity of COVID-19 during hospitalization and treatment
Authors: Ling Lowell , Lai Christopher K.C. , Lui Grace , Yeung Apple Chung Man , Chan Hiu Ching , Cheuk Chung Hon Shawn , Cheung Adonia Nicole , Chang Lok Ching , Chiu Lok Ching Sandra , Zhang Jack Zhenhe , Wong Wai-Tat , Hui David S. C. , Wong Chun Kwok , Chan Paul K. S. , Chen Zigui
Published: July 2023

Longitudinal studies on upper respiratory tract microbiome in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) without potential confounders such as antimicrobial therapy are limited. The objective of this study is to assess for longitudinal changes in the upper respiratory microbiome, its association with disease severity, and potential confounders in adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Serial nasopharyngeal and throat swabs (NPSTSs) were taken for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing from adults hospitalized for COVID-19. Alpha and beta diversity was assessed between different groups. Principal coordinate analysis was used to assess beta diversity between groups. Linear discriminant analysis was used to identify discriminative bacterial taxa in NPSTS taken early during hospitalization on need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. A total of 314 NPSTS samples from 197 subjects (asymptomatic = 14, mild/moderate = 106, and severe/critical = 51 patients with COVID-19; non–COVID-19 mechanically ventilated ICU patients = 11; and healthy volunteers = 15) were sequenced. Among all covariates, antibiotic treatment had the largest effect on upper airway microbiota. When samples taken after antibiotics were excluded, alpha diversity (Shannon, Simpson, richness, and evenness) was similar across severity of COVID-19, whereas beta diversity (weighted GUniFrac and Bray–Curtis distance) remained different. Thirteen bacterial genera from NPSTS taken within the first week of hospitalization were associated with a need for ICU admission (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.91–0.99). Longitudinal analysis showed that the upper respiratory microbiota alpha and beta diversity was unchanged during hospitalization in the absence of antimicrobial therapy.
Molecular characterization and protective efficacy of vacuolar protein sorting 29 from Eimeria tenella
Authors: Shi Tuan-yuan , Li Tian-en , Hao Yun , Sun Hong-chao , Fu Yuan , Yan Wen-chao , Hao Li-li
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Vacuolar protein sorting 29 (VPS29) is a core component of the retromer-retriever complex and is essential for recycling numerous cell-surface cargoes from endosomes. However, there are no reports yet on VPS29 of Eimeria spp.

Methods

Here, we cloned and prokaryotically expressed a partial sequence of Eimeria tenella VPS29 (EtVPS29) with RT-PCR and engineered strain of Escherichia coli respectively. The localization of the VPS29 protein in E. tenella sporozoites was investigated with immunofluorescence (IFA) and overexpression assays. And its protective efficacy against E. tenella infection was investigated in chickens with the animal protection test.

Results

An EtVPS29 gene fragment with an ORF reading frame of 549 bp was cloned. The band size of the expressed recombinant protein, rEtVPS29, was approximately 39 kDa and was recognized by the chicken anti-E. tenella positive serum. EtVPS29 protein was observed widely distributing in the cytoplasm of E. tenella sporozoites in the IFA and overexpression assays. rEtVPS29 significantly increased average body weight gain and decreased mean lesion score and oocyst output in chickens. The relative weight gain rate in the rEtVPS29-immunized group was 62.9%, which was significantly higher than that in the unimmunized and challenged group (P < 0.05). The percentage of reduced oocyst output in the rEtVPS29 immunized group was 32.2%. The anticoccidial index of the rEtVPS29-immunized group was 144.2. Serum ELISA also showed that rEtVPS29 immunization induced high levels of specific antibodies in chickens.

Discussion

These results suggest that rEtVPS29 can induce a specific immune response and is a potential candidate for the development of novel vaccines against E. tenella infections in chickens.
Evaluating the use of Instagram images color histograms and hashtags sets for automatic image annotation
Authors: Giannoulakis Stamatios , Tsapatsoulis Nicolas , Djouvas Constantinos
Published: July 2023

Color similarity has been a key feature for content-based image retrieval by contemporary search engines, such as Google. In this study, we compare the visual content information of images, obtained through color histograms, with their corresponding hashtag sets in the case of Instagram posts. In previous studies, we had concluded that less than 25% of Instagram hashtags are related to the actual visual content of the image they accompany. Thus, the use of Instagram images' corresponding hashtags for automatic image annotation is questionable. In this study, we are answering this question through the computational comparison of images' low-level characteristics with the semantic and syntactic information of their corresponding hashtags. The main conclusion of our study on 26 different subjects (concepts) is that color histograms and filtered hashtag sets, although related, should be better seen as a complementary source for image retrieval and automatic image annotation.
The effect of coupling of tectonic compression and overpressure on porosity of deep reservoirs: a case study of southern margin of Junggar Basin, northwest China
Authors: Zhang Fengqi , Gingras Murray , Shan Chundi , Lu Xuesong , Zhuo Qingong , Zhong Hongli
Published: July 2023

The majority of high quality clastic reservoirs in the foreland basins, northwest China have anomalously high primary porosity. The intensive tectonic compression, overburden and overpressure importantly impact on the deep reservoir quality in the foreland basins, and that very little research had been so far conducted on this topic. Only considering mechanical compaction without chemical diagenesis, various geological models of tectonic compression, overpressure and porosity were simulated using a comprehensive numerical model. Based on the simulations, the influences of the coupling tectonic compression and overpressure on porosity in deep reservoirs are quantitatively discussed. A case study using a representative well in the thrust belt of the Junggar foreland basin is simulated. The results show that the porosity formed from the early-middle slow burial and late rapid burial type is higher than the almost constant burial type and the early rapid burial and then slow burial type, when the overpressure is formed by the three burial types couple with the same tectonic compression. Importantly, overpressure formed during the early-middle slow burial and late rapid burial type in concert with tectonic compression best preserves high porosity within reservoirs. Either increasing tectonic compression stress early at constant overpressure or increasing the tectonic compression stress at a relative late stage and increasing reservoir overpressure can contribute to porosity loss. The porosity decreases more rapidly in the former case. The later the tectonic compression was applied, the more rapidly porosity of the reservoir decreased. Therefore, late stage tectonic compression accompanied by overpressure has the largest influence on the porosity. The porosity of the Qigu Formation in the well Ds1 in the south margin of Junggar Basin, for example, was decreased by 0.88% in response to intensive tectonic compression in the late Himalayan orogeny. However, porosity formed by overpressure suppression and preservation in the reservoir is 3.66%. So, in addition to vertical compaction and diagenesis, the influence of tectonic compression and overpressure should also be considered in the study of deep reservoir porosity evolution in foreland basin. This study can be helpful for deeply understanding the evolution rule of deep reservoir porosity in foreland basin.
Techno-economic analysis of the distribution system with integration of distributed generators and electric vehicles
Authors: Golla Naresh Kumar , Dharavat Nagaraju , Sudabattula Suresh Kumar , Velamuri Suresh , Kantipudi M. V. V. Prasad , Kotb Hossam , Shouran Mokhtar , Alenezi Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Electric vehicles (EVs) have become a feasible alternative to conventional vehicles due to their technical and environmental benefits. The rapid penetration of EVs might cause a significant impact on the distribution system (DS) due to the adverse effects of charging the EVs and grid integration technologies. In order to compensate for an additional EV load to the existing load demand on the DS, the distributed generators (DGs) are integrated into the grid system. Due to the stochastic nature of the DGs and EV load, the integration of DGs alone with the DS can minimize the power losses and increase the voltage level but not to the extent that might not improve the system stability. Here, the EV that acts as a load in the grid-to-vehicle (G2V) mode during charging can act as an energy source with its bidirectional mode of operation as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) while in the discharging mode. V2G is a novel resource for energy storage and provision of high and low regulations. The article proposes a smart charging model of EVs, estimates the off-load and peak load times over a period of time, and allocates charging and discharging based on the constraints of the state of charge (SoC), power, and intermittent load demand. A standardized IEEE 33-node DS integrated with an EV charging station (EVCS) and DGs is used to reduce the losses and improve the voltage profile of the proposed system. Simulation results are carried out for various possible cases to assess the effective utilization of V2G for stable operation of the DS. The cost–benefit analysis (CBA) is also determined for the G2V and V2G modes of operation for a 24-h horizon.
Spatial distribution characteristics, source analysis and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in topsoil of a typical chemical industry park
Authors: Zhang Yongjiang , Niu Jiawei , Wei Zejun , Zhou Xunping , Wu Lijun , Li Xixi , Ma Shuang , Shi Ge
Published: July 2023

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed in soil and are difficult to degrade, posing a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. Therefore, research on the distribution characteristics and risks of PAHs is of great significance to protect human and ecosystem health. Taking a typical chemical industry park in Chongqing as an example, the spatial distribution characteristics of PAHs content in 54 topsoil samples in the typical area were analyzed, and the soil PAHs pollution was evaluated by incremental models such as single-factor index and Nemerow comprehensive index. A factor decomposition model Positive Definite Matrix Factorization (PMF) was used to analyze the sources of PAHs. The results showed that 16 kinds of optimally controlled PAHs were detected, and the content of ΣPAHs in the topsoil ranged from ND to 16.07 mg/kg, with an average value of 1.78 mg/kg; spatially, pollutant levels are higher in the south and southwest of the park as well as in the center; source analysis showed that Chongqing The PAHs pollution in this typical chemical industry park in the city is from coke combustion sources, traffic emission sources, biomass combustion sources, oil sources, coal combustion sources and oil leakage sources, and the contribution rates to PAHs are 10.7%, 35.2%, 20.7%, and 5.0%, 24.6%, and 3.7%; respectively. The health risk assessment of soil PAHs shows that there is no potential carcinogenic risk of PAHs in different age groups in this area, and the main exposure route of adults is dermal > ingestion > inhalation, and the main exposure route of children is ingestion > dermal > inhalation.
Exploration of prognosis and immunometabolism landscapes in ER+ breast cancer based on a novel lipid metabolism-related signature
Authors: Shen Lesang , Huang Huanhuan , Li Jiaxin , Chen Wuzhen , Yao Yao , Hu Jianming , Zhou Jun , Huang Fengbo , Ni Chao
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Lipid metabolic reprogramming is gaining attention as a hallmark of cancers. Recent mounting evidence indicates that the malignant behavior of breast cancer (BC) is closely related to lipid metabolism. Here, we focus on the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subtype, the most common subgroup of BC, to explore immunometabolism landscapes and prognostic significance according to lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs).

Methods

Samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were used as training cohort, and samples from the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets and our cohort were applied for external validation. The survival-related LMRG molecular pattern and signature were constructed by unsupervised consensus clustering and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis. A lipid metabolism-related clinicopathologic nomogram was established. Gene enrichment and pathway analysis were performed to explore the underlying mechanism. Immune landscapes, immunotherapy and chemotherapy response were further explored. Moreover, the relationship between gene expression and clinicopathological features was assessed by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Two LMRG molecular patterns were identified and associated with distinct prognoses and immune cell infiltration. Next, a prognostic signature based on nine survival-related LMRGs was established and validated. The signature was confirmed to be an independent prognostic factor and an optimal nomogram incorporating age and T stage (AUC of 5-year overall survival: 0.778). Pathway enrichment analysis revealed differences in immune activities, lipid biosynthesis and drug metabolism by comparing groups with low- and high-risk scores. Further exploration verified different immune microenvironment profiles, immune checkpoint expression, and sensitivity to immunotherapy and chemotherapy between the two groups. Finally, arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) was selected as the most prominent differentially expressed gene between the two groups. Its expression was positively related to larger tumor size, more advanced tumor stage and vascular invasion in our cohort (n = 149).

Discussion

This is the first lipid metabolism-based signature with value for prognosis prediction and immunotherapy or chemotherapy guidance for ER+ BC.
Extracellular vesicles in renal cell carcinoma: challenges and opportunities coexist
Authors: Lu Yukang , Zhang Mengting , Zhou Jiajun , Liu Xiulan , Wang Lanfeng , Hu Xinyi , Mao Yiping , Gan Rongfa , Chen Zhiping
Published: July 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) represents an extremely challenging disease in terms of both diagnosis and treatment. It poses a significant threat to human health, with incidence rates increasing at a yearly rate of roughly 2%. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-based bilayer structures of membranes that are essential for intercellular interaction and have been linked to the advancement of RCC. This review provides an overview of recent studies on the role of EVs in RCC progression, including involvement in the interaction of tumor cells with M2 macrophages, mediating the generation of immune tolerance, and assuming the role of communication messengers in the tumor microenvironment leading to disease progression. Finally, the “ troika “ of EVs in RCC therapy is presented, including engineered sEVs’ or EVs tumor vaccines, mesenchymal stem cell EVs therapy, and reduction of tumor-derived EVs secretion. In this context, we highlight the limitations and challenges of EV-based research and the prospects for future developments in this field. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the role of EVs in RCC and their potential as a viable pathway for the future treatment of this complex disease.
De novo high-accuracy transcriptomes from long-read sequencing reveals a wide variety of novel splice variants in copepodids and adult female salmon lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis)
Authors: Hansen Sine Alise Hartvigsen , Ramberg Sigmund , Lekanova Nadezhda , Høyheim Bjørn , Horsberg Tor Einar , Andreassen Rune , Bakke Marit Jørgensen
Published: July 2023

Former transcriptome studies of the ectoparasitic salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) are based on short-read sequencing and in silico predictions, with the disadvantage of inadequately describing splice variants and insufficient differentiation between duplicated genes. In the present study, a de novo full-length transcriptome (TSA accession GKKU00000000) was generated using single-molecule long-read RNA-sequencing (PacBio IsoSeq platform) corrected by short reads (Illumina platform) from the same RNA samples. The two samples, cephalothorax of an adult female and her copepodid offspring, were analyzed separately to facilitate comparison and identification of transcripts unique to each life stage. Each transcript has been supported by two or more full-length non-chimeric reads and at least three short reads, ensuring high-sequence accuracy. A total of 31,092 unique high-accuracy full-length transcripts with an open reading frame > 150 bp, originating from 10,034 unique loci of the salmon louse genome, were identified. More than half of the transcripts are life-stage specific, exclusively present in either the copepodid or adult sample. Approximately one-third of the transcripts were full splice matches with predicted protein coding transcripts presented in NCBI, thus validating these. More than half of the transcripts constituted novel isoforms with at least one new splicing site. We conclude that the full-length transcriptomes represent a versatile reference resource of transcripts. Suitable applications include expression studies, SNP mining, and studies on the biological effects of differences in gene (or isoform) expression between copepodids and adult females. The additional functional annotation of 88% of transcripts allows for identification of gene families of particular interest and for exploration of gene networks and enrichment analysis following expression studies.
Fabrication, properties and biological activity of a titanium surface modified with zinc via plasma electrolytic oxidation
Authors: Luo Rui , Jiao Yang , Zhang Sujiajun , Wu Jieshi , Wu Xingling , Lu Kaihang , Zhang Pengpeng , Li Yankun , Ni Xiaohui , Zhao Quanming
Published: July 2023

To improve the biological activities of titanium implant surfaces and promote efficient early bone formation, the formation of bioactive coatings that promote bone formation on titanium implant surfaces is currently an important area of research. In this study, we prepared a zinc-doped porous coating (Zn-PEO) on a titanium alloy surface via plasma electrolytic oxidation. The surface characteristics of the samples were evaluated with field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), profilometry, static contact angles and nanoscratch studies. The slow release of zinc from the coating was detected with inductively coupled plasma‒mass spectrometry (ICP‒MS). The corrosion resistances of the samples were evaluated via electrochemical studies. On this basis, we evaluated the biocompatibility and biological activity of the sample through in vitro cell experiments. The results confirmed that a Zn-PEO coating was successfully prepared on the surface of the titanium alloy; it exhibited a porous micro/nanomorphology, and the coating and the substrate were tightly bound. The coating increased the roughness of the titanium surface and improved the wear and corrosion resistance. More importantly, the coating promoted adhesion, proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and had good biological activity. Therefore, Zn-PEO coatings with porous structures were prepared on the surfaces of titanium implants through plasma electrolytic oxidation. The Zn-PEO coating exhibited good surface properties and biological activity and has good application prospects.
Induction role of chitosan nanoparticles to Anethum graveolens extract against food-borne bacteria, oxidant, and diabetic activities in vitro
Authors: Mashraqi Abdullah
Published: July 2023

Foodborne diseases as well as Foodborne pathogens are a global issue with significant effects on human health and economy. Therefore, several investigators have tried to find new alternative approaches to prevent and control this problem. In this context, the present study aimed to find some possible and effective approaches for controlling food-borne bacteria via Dill (Anethum graveolensL.) extract (DE) loaded with chitosan nanoparticles (ChNPs) besides its anti-oxidant and anti-diabetic activities. Flavonoid and phenolic contents of DE were detected by HPLC, indicating the presence of 18 constituents, high content (22526.51 μg/mL) of chlorogenic acid, followed by 2236.21 μg/mL of coumaric acid and 2113.81 μg/mL of pyrocatechol. In contrast, low contents of cinnamic acid, methyl gallate, apigenin, daidzein, quercetin, syringic acid, and kaempferol were detected.B. cereus,Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, S. typhi, E. faecalis, andC. albicanswere highly inhibited by DE loaded ChNPs (DELChNPs) with inhibition zones (IZs) of 28.50 ± 0.87, 30.33 ± 0.58, 29.33 ± 0.58, 23.17 ± 0.76, 25.76 ± 0.58, and 24.17 ± 0.29 mm with MIC 15.41 ± 0.36, 7.70 ± 0.17, 15.58 ± 0.07, 31.08 ± 0.07, 31.04 ± 0.07 and 62.33 ± 0.29 μg/mL compared with inhibitory activity caused by DE, where the IZs were 25.83 ± 1.44, 29.67 ± 0.85, 24.83 ± 0.76, 20.33 ± 1.53, 21.17 ± 0.29, and 19.67 ± 1.15 mm with MIC 62.33 ± 0.29, 31.08 ± 0.07, 62.50 ± 0.29, 31.08 ± 0.07, 31.04 ± 0.07, and 249.0 ± 1.73 μg/mL, respectively. Also, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of DELChNPs was less than DE against all tested microorganisms. The MBC/MIC index documented that DELChNPs were more effective than DE. The biofilm of tested bacteria was inhibited by DE and DELChNPs but with different levels of anti-biofilm activity. For example, the anti-biofilm activity was 79.26 and 86.15% againstB. cereususing DE and DELChNPs, respectively. DELChNPs and DE, compared with the ascorbic acid, exhibited DPPH scavenging % with IC50values of 7.8 μg/mL, 13.96 μg/mL, and 4.83 μg/mL, respectively. Anti-diabetic activityin vitrovia inhibition of amylase indicated that IC50was 164.2 μg/mL and 164.3 μg/mL using DE and DELChNPs, respectively. This investigation highlights the vital DE phytoconstituents, particularly DELChNPs which possess important therapeutic effects against food-borne microorganisms and could be utilized as a safe alternative to synthetic drugs.
Analysis of M2 macrophage-associated risk score signature in pancreatic cancer TME landscape and immunotherapy
Authors: Yang Dashuai , Zhao Fangrui , Su Yang , Zhou Yu , Shen Jie , Zhao Kailiang , Ding Youming
Published: July 2023

Background: M2 macrophages perform an influential role in the progression of pancreatic cancer. This study is dedicated to explore the value of M2 macrophage-related genes in the treatment and prognosis of pancreatic cancer.

Methods: RNA-Seq and clinical information were downloaded from TCGA, GEO and ICGC databases. The pancreatic cancer tumour microenvironment was revealed using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to detect M2 macrophage-associated gene modules. Univariate Cox regression, Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and multivariate Cox regression were applied to develop the prognostic model. The modelling and validation cohorts were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the median risk score. The nomogram predicting survival was constructed based on risk scores. Correlations between risk scores and tumour mutational load, clinical variables, immune checkpoint blockade, and immune cells were further explored. Finally, potential associations between different risk models and chemotherapeutic agent efficacy were predicted.

Results: The intersection of the WGCNA results from the TCGA and GEO data screened for 317 M2 macrophage-associated genes. Nine genes were identified by multivariate COX regression analysis and applied to the construction of risk models. The results of GSEA analysis revealed that most of these genes were related to signaling, cytokine receptor interaction and immunodeficiency pathways. The high and low risk groups were closely associated with tumour mutational burden, immune checkpoint blockade related genes, and immune cells. The maximum inhibitory concentrations of metformin, paclitaxel, and rufatinib lapatinib were significantly differences on the two risk groups.

Conclusion: WGCNA-based analysis of M2 macrophage-associated genes can help predict the prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients and may provide new options for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer.
Dim artificial light at night alters immediate early gene expression throughout the avian brain
Authors: Hui Cassandra K. , Chen Nadya , Chakraborty Arunima , Alaasam Valentina , Pieraut Simon , Ouyang Jenny Q.
Published: July 2023

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a pervasive pollutant that alters physiology and behavior. However, the underlying mechanisms triggering these alterations are unknown, as previous work shows that dim levels of ALAN may have a masking effect, bypassing the central clock. Light stimulates neuronal activity in numerous brain regions which could in turn activate downstream effectors regulating physiological response. In the present study, taking advantage of immediate early gene (IEG) expression as a proxy for neuronal activity, we determined the brain regions activated in response to ALAN. We exposed zebra finches to dim ALAN (1.5 lux) and analyzed 24 regions throughout the brain. We found that the overall expression of two different IEGs, cFos and ZENK, in birds exposed to ALAN were significantly different from birds inactive at night. Additionally, we found that ALAN-exposed birds had significantly different IEG expression from birds inactive at night and active during the day in several brain areas associated with vision, movement, learning and memory, pain processing, and hormone regulation. These results give insight into the mechanistic pathways responding to ALAN that underlie downstream, well-documented behavioral and physiological changes.
Identification of mitochondrial-related genes as potential biomarkers for the subtyping and prediction of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ma Wenhao , Su Yuelin , Zhang Peng , Wan Guoqing , Cheng Xiaoqin , Lu Changlian , Gu Xuefeng
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder prevalent among older adults. Although AD symptoms can be managed through certain treatments, advancing the understanding of underlying disease mechanisms and developing effective therapies is critical.

Methods

In this study, we systematically analyzed transcriptome data from temporal lobes of healthy individuals and patients with AD to investigate the relationship between AD and mitochondrial autophagy. Machine learning algorithms were used to identify six genes—FUNDC1, MAP1LC3A, CSNK2A1, VDAC1, CSNK2B, and ATG5—for the construction of an AD prediction model. Furthermore, AD was categorized into three subtypes through consensus clustering analysis.

Results

The identified genes are closely linked to the onset and progression of AD and can serve as reliable biomarkers. The differences in gene expression, clinical features, immune infiltration, and pathway enrichment were examined among the three AD subtypes. Potential drugs for the treatment of each subtype were also identified.

Discussion

The findings observed in the present study can help to deepen the understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms of AD and enable the development of precision medicine and personalized treatment approaches.