bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on Awareness of Unintended Pregnancy Among Young South African Women, Healthcare Providers and Policy Makers
Authors: Somefun Oluwaseyi Dolapo , Harries Jane , Constant Deborah
Published: March 2021

BackgroundSouth Africa has a liberal abortion law, yet denial of care is not uncommon, usually due to a woman being beyond the legal gestational age limit for abortion care at that facility. For women successfully obtaining care, time from last menstrual period to confirmation of pregnancy is significantly longer among those having an abortion later in the second trimester compared to earlier gestations. This study explores women’s experiences with recognition and confirmation of unintended pregnancy, their understanding of fertile periods within the menstrual cycle as well as healthcare providers’ and policy makers’ ideas for public sector strategies to facilitate prompt confirmation of unintended pregnancy.Methods We recruited participants from July through September 2017, at an urban non-governmental organization (NGO) sexual and reproductive health (SRH) facility and two public sector hospitals, all providing abortion care into the second trimester. We conducted in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 40 women to elicit information regarding pregnancy recognition and confirmation as well as fertility awareness. In addition, 5 providers at these same facilities and 2 provincial policy makers were interviewed. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsUncertainties around being pregnant greatly impacted on recognition of pregnancy status. Women often mentioned that others, including family, friends, partners or colleagues noticed pregnancy signs and prompted them to take action. Several women were unaware of the fertility window and earliest timing for accurate pregnancy testing. Health care providers and policy makers called for strategies to raise awareness regarding risk and signs of unintended pregnancy and for pregnancy tests to be made more readily accessible.ConclusionEarly recognition of unintended pregnancy in this setting is frustrated by poor understanding and awareness of fertility and pregnancy signs and symptoms, compounded by a distrust of commercially available pregnancy tests. Improving community awareness around risk and early signs of pregnancy and having free tests readily available may help women with unintended pregnancy confirm their pregnancy status promptly.
Anterior Positioning Screw in Proximal Femoral Plating Restricts Posterior Tilt of Retroverted Femoral Neck Fractures: a Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Nie Sheng-Bo , Liu Jun-Feng , Zhu Jiang-Hua , Zhou Zi-Fei , Zhang Lei , Zheng Long-Po
Published: March 2021

Background: Preoperative posterior tilt is a risk factor for fixation failure in femoral neck fractures. This study aimed to evaluate the configuration of anterior positioning screw in proximal femoral plating in the treatment of retroverted femoral neck fractures in terms of resisting posterior tilt.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with retroverted femoral neck fractures who were fixed by proximal femoral plating from January 2014 to August 2019. All patients were divided into two groups according to screw configuration: anterior long-threaded screw (ALTS, n = 36) and normally short-threaded screws (NTS, n = 46). Baseline characteristics were reviewed and radiological and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for developing posterior tilt.Results: Demographic data showed no significant difference. Increased posterior tilt was lower in the ALTS group (3.2°, 2.1 – 4.3°) than that in the NTS group (5.3°, 4.2 – 8.3°) (p < 0.001), and the percentage of people with > 5° of posterior tilt was also lower in the ALTS group (5, 13.9% vs. 24, 52.2%; p < 0.001). Femoral neck shortening (FNS) was lower in the ALTS group (3.1 (2.1 – 4.7) mm vs. 4.3 (3.1 – 6.3) mm, p = 0.003), though not statistically significant when using 5 mm as the cut-off value. Harris Hip Score in the ALTS group was higher than that in the NTS group (87.0, 84.0 – 90.0 vs. 82.0, 76.0 – 84.5; p < 0.001). Postoperative complications including delayed union, nonunion, and avascular necrosis were comparable between the groups. Multivariable analysis identified posterior comminution (OR 15.9, 95% CI 3.6 – 70.3, p < 0.001), suboptimal reduction quality (OR 12.0, 95% CI 2.6 – 56.1, p = 0.002), and NTS configuration (ref: ALTS configuration) (OR 21.9, 95% CI 4.1 – 116.4, p < 0.001) as risk factors for developing posterior tilt.Conclusions: Configuration of anterior positioning screw in proximal femoral plating provides better resistance against posterior tilt in the fixation of retroverted femoral neck fractures. Also, posterior comminution, suboptimal reduction, and NTS configuration (ref: ALTS) are risk factors for developing posterior tilt.Trial registration: Retrospectively registered.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Outbreak and Pituitary Apoplexy
Authors: Martinez-Perez Rafael , Carroll Benjamin W , Duran Daniel , Neill James S , Luzardo Gustavo D , Zachariah Marcus A
Published: March 2021

Background.

Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is a rare and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by pituitary hemorrhage, often in the setting of a preexisting pituitary adenoma. Risk factors and mechanisms associated to PA are poorly understood. Although involvement of the nervous system in SARS-CoV-2 infection causing intracranial hemorrhagic complications has been documented, the association between COVID-19 infection and PA has yet to be determined.
Methods

. From a prospectively collected database of patients with pituitary adenomas, we retrospectively reviewed the electronical medical records and scans of patients with pituitary apoplexy during the COVID-19 outbreak, since March 2020 to December 2020, that were treated at a tertiary care center.
Results.

Herein, we report three consecutive cases of patients with PA and concomitant COVID-19 infection. Most common symptom at presentation was headache and visual worsening. Included patients were successfully treated with surgical decompression and medical management of the hormonal deficits, experiencing moderate to significant improvement of their visual symptoms at last follow up. COVID-19 infection in the perioperative period was corroborated throughout polymerase chain reaction testing in all patients.
Conclusions.

COVID-19 positive patients may be at an increased risk of developing PA. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors expressed in cerebrovascular endothelium may potentially play a role in the molecular mechanisms that induce changes of the vascular autoregulation and cerebral blood flow and predispose to pituitary hemorrhage in patients harboring a pituitary adenoma.
CFH Y402H and ARMS2 A69S Genes Polymorphism Role in Susceptibility to Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment and its Complications
Authors: Aydinlou Zahra Hassanpour , Vaezi Helaleh , Bonyadi Mortaza , Rafat Abbas , bonyadi Mohammad hossein Jabbrpoor , Soheilian Masoud
Published: March 2021

Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is the most common type of retinal detachment. Purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible association of ARMS2 A69S and CFH Y402H polymorphisms with RRD and its postoperative complications. Materials and Methods: Polymerase chain reaction for DNA replication followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism for enzyme digestion. RRD patients (102 cases) and healthy controls (150 individuals for ARMS2 and 94 individuals for CFH). The two polymorphisms were genotyped by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) in a case-control study of 102 RRD patients and 150 controls to evaluate the possible association of ARMS2 A69S and CFH Y402H polymorphism with RRD susceptibility.Results: The genotypes frequencies for ARMS2 A69S and CFH Y402H found to be significantly different between RRD and normal controls (ARMS2 A69S 42.1%vs 32.7%, OR =1.69, p< 0.036 for GT and, CFH Y402H 10.8% vs 6.4%, OR=4.17, p=0.01 for CC genotype and 67.6% vs 40.4%, OR=4.13, p< 0.0001 for CT genotype). The ARMS2 A69S GT genotype showed significant association with postoperative cystoid macular edema (CME) (OR=3.11, P = 0.0039).Conclusions: ARMS2 A69S and CFH Y402H showed significant association with RRD. The ARMS2 A69S GT genotype was also associated with postoperative cystoid macular edema.
Administration of Statins Can Improve Survival and Coagulation Function in Patients with Severe COVID-19 in Intensive Care Units: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wu Tian-yu , Zhou Yun , Yang Chao-fan , Ji Wen-ting , Fang Yong , Chen Yi-jian , Zhao Yue
Published: March 2021

Background: COVID-19 is a global epidemic posing threat to public health. Without specific drugs and therapies, it is important to evaluate the effectiveness of currently applicable drugs.This study was a retrospective analysis of the effect of the administration of statins on survival in patients with severe COVID-19.Design: This study was a retrospective analysis of data collected in the ICU of Tongji Hospital affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) during the COVID-19 outbreak.Data from69 patients with severe COVID-19 treated in the ICU from February to March 2020 were collected for the analysis.Patients with severe COVID-19 were treated with the standard of care at the time, and some patients were also treated with statins.Results: Sixty-four patients with complete records were enrolled in the final stage of analysis. Statin administration had a beneficial effect on the overall survival of the patients. The statin administration cohorthad a significantly shorter activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT) according to t-tests. The aPTT and PT were also stable, as shown by locally weighted smoothing (LOESS) analysis. The use of statins combined with corticosteroids, anti-coagulants and anti-hypertensive drugs had a relatively greater effect on survival.Conclusions: Statins can be therapeutic agents that may promote patient survival, possibly by improving coagulation function. Trial registration: HIRB 2020-1119 September 11th, 2020, retrospectively registered.
Design and System Evaluation of a Dual-Panel Portable PET (DP-PET)
Authors: Zeng Tianyi , Zheng Jiaxu , Xia Xinyuan , Chen Xin , Wang Beien , Zhang Shuangyue , Chandler Adam , Cao Tuoyu , Hu Lingzhi , Chen Qun , Chu Xu
Published: March 2021

Background: Integrated whole-body PET/MR technology continues to mature and is now extensively used in clinical setting. However, due to the special design architecture, integrated whole-body PET/MR comes with a few inherent limitations. Firstly, whole-body PET/MR lacks sensitivity and resolution for focused organs. Secondly, boarder clinical access of integrated PET/MR has been significantly restricted due to its prohibitively high cost. The MR-compatible PET insert is a low cost and flexible PET scanner which can be placed within an MRI bore. However, mobility and configurability of all existing MR-compatible PET insert prototypes remain limited. Methods: An MR-compatible portable PET insert prototype, Dual-panel Portable PET (DP-PET), has been developed for simultaneous PET/MR imaging. Using SiPM, digital readout electronics, novel carbon fiber shielding, phase-change cooling and MRI compatible battery power, DP-PET was designed to achieve high-sensitivity and high-resolution with compatibility with a clinical 3T MRI scanner. A GPU-based reconstruction method with Resolution Modelling (RM) has been developed for the DP-PET reconstruction. We evaluated the system performance on PET resolution, sensitivity, image quality and the PET/MR interference. Results: Initial results reveal that the DP-PET prototype worked as expected in the MRI bore and caused minimal compromise to the MRI image quality. The PET performance was measured to show a spatial resolution <= 2mm (parallel to the detector panels), maximum sensitivity =3.6% at the center of FOV and energy resolution = 12.43%. MRI pulsing introduces less than 1% variation to the PET performance measurement results. Conclusions: We developed a MR-compatible PET insert prototype and performed several studies to begin to characterize the performance of the proposed DP-PET.The results showed that the proposed DP-PET performed well in the MRI bore and would cause little influence on the MRI images. The Derenzo phantom test showed that the proposed reconstruction method could obtained high quality images using DP-PET.
Highly Sensitive Salinity and Temperature Sensor Using Tamm Resonance
Authors: Zaky Zaky A. , Aly Arafa H.
Published: March 2021

In this paper, a Tamm plasmons resonance-based sensor is theoretically studied to calculate the salinity of seawater as well as a temperature sensor based on photonic crystals. The transfer matrix method (TMM) is used to systematically study and analyze the reflected s-polarized electromagnetic waves from the sensing structure. The proposed structure composes of prism/Au/water/(Si/SiO2)N/Si. The sensitivity, figure-of-merit, quality factor, and detection limit of the sensors are improved by optimizing the thickness of the seawater layer, incident angle, salinity concentration, and temperature. The proposed salinity sensor records a very high sensitivity of 8.5x104 nm/RIU and quality factor of 3x103, and a very low detection limit of 10-7 nm. Besides, the suggested temperature sensor achieves high sensitivity (from 2.8 nm/˚C to 10.8 nm/˚C), high-quality factor of 3.5x103, and a very low detection limit of 3x10-7 nm. These results indicate that the proposed sensor is a strong candidate for salinity and temperature measurements.
Effect of Structural Characteristics on Magnetic Behavior of Highly-Pure NiFe2O4 Nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmed Sohaib , Hussain Farouq I.
Published: March 2021

In this work, the sol-gel and dc reactive magnetron sputtering techniques were used to prepare nickel ferrite nanoparticles (NiFe2O4 NPs). In the sol-gel method, citric acid was used as a fuel to decompose metal complexes at a low temperature. The nanoparticle size of NiFe2O4 structures prepared by the dc reactive magnetron sputtering was smaller (∼31 nm) than those prepared by the sol-gel method (∼47 nm). The effects of the structural characteristics on the magnetic behavior of these nanoparticles were introduced by the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements performed at room temperature. It was found that the nanoparticles synthesized by the sol-gel process exhibit ferromagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization 30.02 emu/g, while those synthesized by dc reactive magnetron sputtering exhibit superparamagnetic properties with a saturation magnetization of 27.05 emu/g. This difference is attributed to the quantum size effect resulted from the decrease in nanoparticle size.
48-Year-Old Female MUTYH Carrier Presenting with Five Concurrent Primary Cancers.
Authors: Arroyave Aaron , Nodit Laurentia , Clegg Devin John , Russ Andrew
Published: March 2021

Background: MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) is a rare, and only recently described disorder resulting from mutations in genes encoding enzymes involved in DNA mismatch repair. These mutations result in an increased susceptibility to colonic adenomatosis as well as a variety of cancers. In current literature, studies have examined the frequencies of extracolonic manifestations of this disorder. However, these manifestations typically occur alone concurrently, or temporally separate from an already diagnosed colorectal cancer in individuals with a bi-allelic mutation. Case Presentation: 48-year-old female with five distinct primary neoplasms presenting simultaneously in a patient mono-allelic for an MYH mutation, and only a single gastrointestinal polyp. Family history included colon, rectal, and lung cancer. Her past medical history included obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus and a large ventral hernia was noted on examination. She initially presented with a several-month history of an enlarging pruritic labial mass found to represent a high grade squamous intraepithelial neoplasm for which a radical right partial vulvectomy was performed. Final pathology demonstrated a stage IB squamous cell carcinoma. At follow-up, the patient complained of fecal incontinence. To evaluate this, upper and lower endoscopies were performed which demonstrated a large rectal mass representing adenocarcinoma characterized by a low probability of microsatellite instability and an anal mass representing a second adenocarcinoma. An asymptomatic thyroid mass was discovered with pathology demonstrating papillary thyroid carcinoma. During her en bloc surgical resections of previously mentioned malignancies, a left ovarian serous implant of psammocarcinoma was identified. Scattered foci of low-grade serous carcinoma (psammomatous carcinoma) were found within the ventral hernia sac tissue.Conclusions: The disparate and aggressive presentation of this case serves two purposes; to highlight the importance of a thorough workup in patients with oncologic presentations suspicious for genetic aberration, and to highlight how variable expressivity can lead to unpredictable presentations necessitating a broad differential diagnosis.
Recommendation of Neurorehabilitation according to the Padovan-Method Neurofunctional Reorganisation® for treating neurodevelopmental disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Eisenmeier Dimitri Vogel born , Ostermann Thomas , Vogel Hannah , Loskamp Kathrin , Fetz Katharina
Published: March 2021

Background: The PADOVAN-METHOD NEUROFUNCTIONAL REORGANI­SATION® is a promising approach in speech therapy for treating neuro­developmental disorders of traumatic or congenital origin. Its use is based on a long-time experience of certified therapists; however, its efficacy and safety has not yet been assessed in a systematic review. This report aims to gain evidence for the use of the therapy method. Methods: Guidelines of PRISMA, the Cochrane Collaboration Handbook, MECIR and GRADE were followed. General databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, AWMF, Anthromedics) and additional 38 databases including grey literature were searched. Hand search was also done and experts were contacted to retrieve unpublished manuscripts. All trials investigating the effect of the method in comparison to either no intervention, alternative as state of the art or placebo intervention in English, Portuguese and German language were included. No restriction regarding study design was applied. Data related to the intervention outcome and the study method was extracted and analysed idependently. Risk of Bias was assessed using ROBINS-I for non-RCTs, adherence to CARE-Guidelines was analysed for case series or reports and keeping the Declaration of Helsinki was checked for all items. Results are presented both in evidence profiles and summary of findings tables according to GRADE. Results: Amongst 98 records assessed for eligibility, and four studies and 14 case reports were identified as appropriate for analysis with a total of n = 196 participants. Duration of reported interventions was between two days and two years. Microcephalia, down-syndrome, unspecified neurological disorders and myo-functional disorders were the main conditions of the patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. Only indirect overlapping of operationalised criteria was found; therefore conclusions are limited. Conclusion: The Padovan-Method® is a holistic therapy approach claiming feasibility to a large group of disorders making proof of efficacy difficult. An application of therapy according to the Padovan-Method® by trained therapists might be considered by clinicians (weak recommendation), and a contribution to the relief of symptoms or improvements of the conditions might be gained. Therefore, development and validation of therapy protocols and further investigation are required. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42020156124.
Protection of Intellectual Property Rights by Customs Aythorities
Authors: Zolota L.V. , Ulizko O.V.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the issue of protection of intellectual property rights by customs authorities. The current problems of infringement of intellectual property rights during moving across the customs border of Ukraine are considered, in particular: transportation of counterfeit products, which includes goods that are subject to infringement of intellectual property rights to the trademark and goods that are the subject of infringement of intellectual property rights to a geographical indication in Ukraine and pirated products, which includes goods that are the subject of infringement of copyright and / or related rights or intellectual property rights to a registered industrial design in Ukraine and which are or contain copies made without the consent of the copyright and related rights or intellectual property rights to the industrial design or a person authorized by such right holder in the country of production, as well as moving across the customs border of small consignments of goods with violation of customs legislation and introduction of simplified procedure for destruction of such goods. The article also analyzes issues of novelty of the Ukrainian legislation – “original goods”, that is, those that were made with the consent of the right holder, as a basis for the existence of the international principle of exhaustion of intellectual property rights. It has been established that national legislation does not sufficiently protect intellectual property rights and that Ukraine remains one of the four points of transit and transit of counterfeit goods to the European Union. The mechanism of regulation of compensation of costs in connection with storage of goods suspected of violation of intellectual property rights after all, the owner of the rights has the opportunity to demand compensation for these costs from the owner of goods that violate his intellectual property rights, as well as the destruction of such goods by the owner of intellectual property rights.
Key words: intellectual property rights, customs border, promotion of protection of intellectual property rights, procedure for destruction of goods, counterfeit goods.
Peculiarities of termination of the employment agreement at the initiative of the owner or the authorized authority
Authors: Kiselova O.I. , Nomirovskaya Y.V.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to clarifying the peculiarities of the procedure for termination of the employment contract at the initiative of the owner or his authorized body. The article analyzes the concepts of «termination of employment contract», «annulation of employment contract» and «dismissal». It was found that the annulation of the employment contract is the termination of employment by unilateral expression of the will of the party to the contract or a third party. It is determined that the employer, unlike the employee, may terminate the employment contract only in cases specified by law and in the manner prescribed by law.
The grounds for annulation of the employment contract at the initiative of the employer can be divided into three groups: 1) related to production needs; 2) related to the identity of the employee in the absence of his fault; 3) related to the guilty actions of the employee. Termination of the employment contract at the initiative of the employer in connection with the guilty actions of the employee (committing a disciplinary offense) is through the application of disciplinary action in the form of dismissal. At the same time, both the general requirements for termination of the employment contract at the initiative of the owner or his authorized body (for example, prohibition of dismissal during temporary incapacity for work or during vacation) and the procedure for imposing disciplinary sanctions set by the Labor Code of Ukraine must be met.
It was found that in each case the employer is obliged to prove the existence of appropriate grounds with appropriate evidence (these may be memos, decisions of the attestation commission, acts and materials of inspections, orders to impose disciplinary sanctions on the employee during the year, witness statements, etc.).
It is determined that there is a need to legislate the list of entities that can be dismissed on additional grounds, as well as to clarify the concept of one-time gross violation of labor duties.
On the issue of qualification of criminal offence connected to domestic violence
Authors: Stepanenko O.V. , Stepanenko A.S.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the issue of considering the fact that a person has a criminal record on criminal offence connected with domestic violence as a part of the ‘systematic nature’ characteristic. It is stated that the ‘domestic violence’ is used in the expression of criminal offences connected to domestic violence not within the scope of Article 1261 of Criminal Code of Ukraine but the framework of Law of Ukraine ‘On prevention and combat against domestic violence’, thus the ‘systematic nature’ characteristic does not cover criminal offences connected to domestic violence. It is pointed out that criminal liability for a criminal offence connected to domestic violence has criminal- law consequences and thus shall be considered when assessing the ‘systematic nature’ as a characteristic of domestic violence under Art. 1261 of CC of Ukraine. The following rules of qualification of criminal offences connected to domestic violence are formulated: 1) if a person has a criminal record for a criminal offence connected to domestic violence then such offence shall be considered when assessing the ‘systematic nature’ as a characteristic of domestic violence under Art. 1261 of CC of Ukraine provided that the offence has not lost it criminal law consequences; 2) if a person a person has been prosecuted twice or more times for an administrative offence under Art. 1732 of Code of Administrative Offences of Ukraine and has committed a criminal offence connected to domestic violence then such offence shall be taken into account when assessing the ‘systematic nature’ as a characteristic of domestic violence under Art. 1261 of CC of Ukraine and in cases when sanction for such offence is greater than the sanction provided for in Art. 1261 of CC of Ukraine, such actions shall be qualified as cumulative criminal offence. It is concluded that there could be a number of such combinations but the key conclusion is that it is necessary to account for criminal record for a criminal offence connected to domestic violence provided that such offence has not lost its criminal-law consequences when assessing the ‘systematic nature’ as a characteristic of domestic violence under Art. 1261 of CC of Ukraine.
Entrepreneurship and Adaptation of Utilities Enterprises to Market Conditions
Authors: Dymchenko O.V. , Khailo Ya.M. , Haidenko S.M. , Khailo T.M.
Published: March 2021

This article sets out the main provisions of the formation of an entrepreneurial strategy for the development of the city complex of housing and communal services and its adaptation to market conditions. The content and tasks of restructuring the housing and communal services management system as an integral complex are revealed, in which the main principles are defined as innovative development, coordination of interaction between enterprises and public-private partnership (PPP). The concept of "entrepreneurial management adaptation" (EMA) as a set of measures of organizational and economic orientation to adjust the management system of an individual enterprise in coordination with the owner of the utility complex for full-fledged market relations, proposed a logical-structural model of joint efforts of the municipality and heat water supply in order to build an updated information and analytical support of the city complex and the conditions under which this process can be implemented. The organizational and economic components of entrepreneurial adaptation in the context of PPP strategies, investment support and innovative development of municipal enterprises of urban life support (MEULS) are determined. It follows that PPP's business strategy launches a mechanism to expand investment opportunities and innovative development of MEULS, which will contribute to the long-term success of this strategy, which is defined as "an integrated business model of the MEULS innovative development." The peculiarities of the relationship between the elements of entrepreneurial adaptation of MEULS enterprises and the city municipality are presented, which will change the nature of relations between local authorities and municipal enterprises and allow to launch a new mechanism for effective implementation of industry reform programs using PPP elements.
Linguistic Politeness Analysis of Indonesia’s Prominent YouTube Influencers
Authors: Shalekhah Rizmadina Amalia , Estayani Septy Artika , Sari Melinda , Nugroho Raden Arief
Published: March 2021

This paper aims to analyze the linguistic politeness of Indonesia's YouTube influencers. The findings show the type of YouTube content typology that has been found in this data according to Mediakix (2019) which gets a percentage of 40% is the type of interview content. This type of content is dominated by male Youtuber Meanwhile, according to Dynel (2015) theory, the category that gets the highest percentage in the category of insults with 43% of the total data. Based on a review of several studies, it was found that there are similarities and differences between one study and another. After analyzing the similarities and differences in previous studies, a novelty was found, namely in this study discussing the politeness patterns of YouTube influencers related to gender. Besides, this study analyzed 41 video sources which were used as research material. It can be seen that Indonesian Youtubers do not use polite language in order to trigger humour in its content. Interestingly, all humours made by these Youtubers contains politeness maxim deviation.
Testing the mechanism of lepton compositeness
Authors: Afferrante Vincenzo , Maas Axel , Sondenheimer René , Törek Pascal
Published: March 2021

Strict gauge invariance requires that physical left-handed leptons
are actually bound states of the elementary left-handed lepton doublet
and the Higgs field within the standard model. That they nonetheless
behave almost like pure elementary particles is explained by the
Fr"ohlich-Morchio-Strocchi mechanism. Using lattice gauge theory,
we test and confirm this mechanism for fermions. Though, due to the
current inaccessibility of non-Abelian gauged Weyl fermions on the
lattice, a model which contains vectorial leptons but which obeys all
other relevant symmetries has been simulated.
Conformal field theories on deformed spheres, anomalies, and supersymmetry
Authors: Minahan Joseph , Naseer Usman , Thull Charles
Published: March 2021

We study the free energy of four-dimensional CFTs on deformed
spheres. For generic nonsupersymmetric CFTs only the coefficient of the
logarithmic divergence in the free energy is physical, which is an
extremum for the round sphere. We then specialize to
N=2N=2
SCFTs where one can preserve some supersymmetry on a compact manifold by
turning on appropriate background fields. For deformations of the round
sphere the cc
anomaly receives corrections proportional to the supersymmetric
completion of the (Weyl)^22
term, which we determine up to one constant by analyzing the scale
dependence of various correlators in the stress-tensor multiplet. We
further show that the double derivative of the free energy with respect
to the marginal couplings is proportional to the two-point function of
the bottom components of the marginal chiral multiplet placed at the two
poles of the deformed sphere. We then use anomaly considerations and
counter-terms to parametrize the finite part of the free energy which
makes manifest its dependence on the Kähler potential. We
demonstrate these results for a theory with a vector multiplet and a
massless adjoint hypermultiplet using results from localization.
Finally, by choosing a special value of the hypermultiplet mass where
the free energy is independent of the deformation, we derive an infinite
number of constraints between various integrated correlators in
N=4N=4
super Yang-Mills with any gauge group and at all values of the coupling,
extending previous results.
Currency redenomination and firm value growth: Lessons from a developing economy
Authors: Marimuthu Ferina , Maama Haruna
Published: March 2021

The redenomination of the Cedi with the new Ghana Cedi in 2007 was met with skepticism and outright opposition in certain sectors of the economy. Businesses feared that this would decrease their net worth. Despite the time that has elapsed since the redenomination exercise, it is yet to be proven whether the fears of individuals who predicted its negative impact on firms’ performance had been confirmed or the optimism of those that expected its positive impact on firms’ performance has prevailed. Therefore, the study examined the impact of the cedi redenomination on firms’ value growth in Ghana. The study used the financial records of listed firms in Ghana, five years before and five years after the redenomination of the currency. The firms’ value growth was measured based on the growth in Tobin’s Q and return on assets (ROA). A generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation technique was adopted for the regression analysis. The results indicated that the firms’ value increased, whilst profitability decreased in the same year. Moreover, the results showed sustained growth in the profitability of firms after the redenomination exercise. The study concludes that the currency redenomination improved the firms’ profitability, whilst their value was not improved. The significant implication of the results is that governments can use redenomination as a tool to influence micro-economic activities. This study is perhaps the first to use firm-level data to examine the impact of currency redenomination on firms’ value growth in an African country.
Search for Natural Glycerol-Producing Yeast Strains
Authors: Velikaya М.А. , Sineoky S.P.
Published: March 2021

Screening of glycerol-producing yeasts resistant to high osmotic pressure of substrates has been carried out among collection strains and strains isolated from natural sources associated with bee habitat. In total, more than 170 strains of osmotolerant yeasts were investigated which belong to 9 genera and the following13 species: Candida apicola, C. magnolia, Debaryomyces hansenii, D. marama, D. polymorphus, Hansenula ciferri, Kluyveromyces lactis, K. marxianus, Pichia farinose, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Starmerella bombi, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, and Zhygosaccharomyces rouxii. The Kluyveromyces lactis VKPM Y-4429 strain producing 77.4 g/L of glycerol for 24 h of cultivation on media with a high glucose (300 g/L) and NaCl (5-6%) content was selected. These conditions cause osmotic shock, and as a consequence, a higher glucose conversion to glycerol.

glycerol biosynthesis, fermentation, osmotolerant yeast, screening

The work was supported by the State Assignment № AAAA-A20-120093090016-9 and the work was carried out using the Unique Scientific Facility of the "All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms" National Bio-Resource Center, NRC «Kurchatov Institute»---GOSNIIGENETIKA (NBC VKPM).
Will China's water resources be safe in 2030?
Authors: Guo Lishuo , Wang Lifang
Published: March 2021

This paper is distinct from existing studies on water resources carrying capacity which usually use dimensionless data to represent trend and status of water resources carrying capacity. Here, on the grounds of the most stringent water resource management system and following the principles of water determining population, water determining city scale, water determining production and so on, water resources carrying capacity prediction model was established. The water resources carrying capacity was represented by population, which can directly reflect the status of water resources. Under the rigid constraints of water use quantity and water use efficiency, six scenarios were set to predict China's maximum population in 2030. The results demonstrated that the maximum population in each scenario is close to 1.45 billion of National Population Development Plan. It means water resources rigid constraints can support population and economic growth at the socio-economic development current pace and path. Total water use quantity will not break through the limit of 800–900 billion m3 when achieving the expected goals of social and economic development, not even more than 700 billion m3. Meanwhile, in order to relieve water resources stress, to improve water resources carrying capacity, and to accelerate construction of a water-saving society, some suggestions were put forward.
INFLUENCE OF THE AGE ON BAROREFLEX SYNCHRONIZATION OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND HEART RATE DURING THE PASSIVE STANDING TEST
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Orlova Е.А. , Tarasova О.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Son'kin V.D. ,   Institute of Developmental Physiology of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Borovik А.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: March 2021

Age-related changes in phase synchronization of spontaneous blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) fluctuations within the baroreflex wave range (about 0.1 Hz) were studied in 66 subjects aged 20 to 52 years. Measurements performed during the head-up tilt test included continuous BP monitoring using the volume-compensation method, ECG recording for ensuing HR calculation, and breathing rate recording. The phase synchronization index (PSI) was used for evaluation of BP-HR coupling. In supine position, phase synchronization in the subjects over 40 years was higher as compared with their counterparts at the age of 20 to 24 years. Along with that, less pronounced PSI increase in people over 40 in response to the tilt test suggests a decline of the baroreflex activity with aging.
EVALUATION OF THE OXYGEN-HELIUM THERAPY EFFICIENCY FOR PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA
Authors:   Moscow regional hospital named after Prof. V.N. Rozanov, Pushkino, Moscow region, Manuilov V.M. , Suvorov А.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kurkin S.V. ,   Moscow regional hospital named after Prof. V.N. Rozanov, Pushkino, Moscow region, Olenev Yu.O. ,   Moscow regional hospital named after Prof. V.N. Rozanov, Pushkino, Moscow region, Pavlov N.B. ,   Polyclinic № 2 of the FBMA of Russia, Moscow, Logunov A.T. ,   Special Design Bureau at the IBMP RAS, Moscow, Anikeev D.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Orlov O.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: March 2021

Evidence from patients in the intensive care department of a multifield hospital treated for COVID-19 associated pneumonia with or without the use of a heated heliox mixture points to the beneficial effect of the mixture in the complex therapy of the disease. Comparative analysis of the clinical symptoms and laboratory data of the patients who received the heliox therapy and who did not (controls) testifies that heliox improves blood oxygenation, returns acid-base balance to normal, maintains dynamics of key pamaters positive and, therefore, increases effectiveness and shortens time of treatment.
STUDY OF THE PLASMA COMPONENT OF THE BLOOD AGGREGATION REGULATORY SYSTEM IN SUBJECTS IN THE EXPERIIMENT WITH 120-DAY ISOLATION INSIDE PRESSURIZED MODULE SIRIUS-19
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kuzichkin D.S. , Markin А.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Zhuravleva О.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Krivitsina Z.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Vostrikova L.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Zabolotskaya I.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Loguinov V.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: March 2021

Citrate plasma samples gathered 31 days prior to, on days 37, 63, 120 in and on days 7 and 14 after isolation (project Sirius-19) were analyzed for blood aggregation parameters including fibrinogen (FBG), D-dimer (DD), plasminogen (PG), antithrombin III (АТ3), protein C (PC) and α2-antiplasmin (AP), thrombin time (TT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and prothrombin time (PT). DD was lowered in all samples gathered during isolation. The complex of isolation factors combined with physical exercise reduced levels of fibrin formation and fibrinolysis. However, after isolation the procoagulent activity showed an increase manifested by elevated DD and reduced APTT. Appears that in the absence of insertion and reentry effects (redistribution of body fluids in microgravity) and high psychophysiological stresses it is the appropriate use of physical countermeasures that ensures plasma efficiency within the blood aggregation control system, and good body tolerance of the spaceflight factors.
METHANOGENIC ARCHAEA IN THE SPACE ENVIRONMENT
Authors:   Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Pushchino, Moscow region, Oshurkova V.I. , Deshevaya Е.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Suzina N.E. ,   Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Pushchino, Moscow region, Shubralova N.E. ,   Central Research Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Korolev, Moscow region, Shcherbakova V.A. ,   Skryabin Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Federal Research Center «Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences», Pushchino, Moscow region
Published: March 2021

Next phase of experiment TEST is aimed to evaluate microbial viability after a prolonged external exposure on the International space station (ISS). Methanogenic archaea isolated from various habitats have been tested in ground facilities for the ability to survive exposure to such open space factors as UV and vacuum. Methanosarcina mazei S-6T (VKM B-1636T) was found to be the most viable and, therefore, suitable for the experiment. Our investigations showed that the Methanosarcina mazei population maintained viability in the course of 24-month exposure. On this evidence we conclude that genome of this metanogenic archaea possesses mechanisms against the space vacuum, UV and thermal differences that, probably, underlie the ability of the strain to form peculiar cyst-like dormant cells.
INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN GUT MICROFLORA AND PREVENTIVE TAKING OF PROBIOTICS ON THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE STOMACH DURING ISOLATION STUDY SIRIUS-18/19
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Ilyin V.K. , Afonin B.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Komissarova D.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Shef K.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Agureev A.N. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Usanova N.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Valuev V.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, Dzekh S.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

Investigations of the gastrointestinal tract functioning in isolation simulating a mission to the Moon and an experimental "space" diet showed changes in the gut microflora, an increase of the empty stomach juice and quickened evacuation. Probiotic beverage, a food additive, kept the gut microflora stable, and controlled juice volume in the empty stomach and evacuation. The inhibitory effect on evacuation consisted in increasing the hydrochloric acid production in the empty stomach.
MODELING RADIATION LOADING OF RADIATION MONITOR RADOM ONBOARD SPACE VEHICLE "CHANDRAYAAN 1" DURING ITS FLIGHT WITHIN EARTH'S MAGNETOSPHERE
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Mitrikas V.G.
Published: March 2021

Planners of a crewed mission to the Moon should have confidence in reliability of radiation dose estimations. In the absence of proton events during solar minimum the absorbed dose to the crew crossing the magnetosphere will be contributed primarily by protons and electrons of the inner and outer radiation belts of Earth, respectively. It is necessary to examine whether the existing electron forecast model is good enough for this purpose. The paper describes our efforts to model the radiation environment of RADOM onboard Chandrayaan 1 launched to the Moon on 22.10.2008, including the vehicle design in order to assess its shielding function. The geomagnetic field parameters were reproduced with the use of model А2000 developed at the Nuclear Physics Institute (Moscow State University). The absorbed doses were calculated with the help of standard Canopus-80 tools. Comparison of calculated and experimental data showed a good agreement for the period of solar minimum and quiet geomagnetic conditions.
PERFIL E COMPETÊNCIAS DE SECRETÁRIAS/OS DE PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO NO BRASIL
Authors: Da Silva Soares Silvia Adriana , Luis Pauly Evaldo
Published: March 2021

Esta investigação analisou a atuação das/os secretárias/os dos Programas de Pós-Graduação em Educação, em relação às demandas da avaliação quadrienal da CAPES visando à qualificação dos processos e práticas gestoras destas colaboradoras para o melhor desempenho administrativo-pedagógico das coordenações, dos corpos docente e discente no processo de avaliação. A metodologia da pesquisa de tipo survey foi exploratório-descritiva, com apoio bibliográfico e documental. Do total de 85 secretárias/os participantes da pesquisa, a maioria é do sexo feminino 58 (68%), predomina a faixa-etária de 30 a 39 anos, a maioria (53%) atua nos PPGs entre 4 a 10 anos, destacando-se quatro secretárias com mais de 20 anos de atuação, ou seja, o tempo de atuação demostra experiência na função. A formação predominante é a graduação em Administração. Mais da metade das participantes busca se se capacitar para atender às exigências da gestão da pós-graduação. Entre as iniciativas de capacitação destaca-se o Fórum de Secretárias/os da Região Sul (FORSEC) e o Encontro Nacional (ENSEC).
Lessons Learned from the Covid-19 Outbreak and its Impact: A Generalized Study
Authors: Veer Karan , Gupta Sakshi
Published: March 2021

:

An infectious disease emerged from Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and then spread
to many countries worldwide. Initially, it was named Coronavirus disease 2019, and then it was
called COVID-19. COVID-19 is an ongoing pandemic with 60.2 million confirmed cases and a
leading health concern for the public worldwide. Mainly middle and old-aged people are being
hospitalized and are dying across the affected countries. More than 1.42 million people have been
deceased, and more than 41.5 million people have been recovered. Almost all the countries are
fighting against the transmission of the virus by restricting travel and other daily life activities.
Coronavirus outbreak causes many psychological disorders, such as fear of infection and death.

:

On the other hand, COVID-19 has resulted in some positive consequences on the environment due
to restricted human activities. Environmental conditions, including air quality, global warming,
water quality, change of biodiversity and ecosystem, and many more parameters, show a significant
improvement in the meteorological graph. The overall environmental pollution has been reduced,
and the earth is healing itself.