bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Lot of Talk, But Little Action—The Blind Spots of Nordic Environmental Security Policy
Authors: Hakala Emma , Lähde Ville , Majava Antti , Toivanen Tero , Vadén Tere , Järvensivu Paavo , Eronen Jussi T.
Published: April 2019

Despite an increasing recognition that environmental change may have implications for security, there only are few policies to address the issue. This article will look at environmental security policies in Finland and Sweden and propose ways to develop more effective measures. It relies on a three-level framework that aims to enable the identification of environmental security impacts by categorising them into local, geopolitical and structural ones. The article will examine present environmental security strategies and policies in Finland and Sweden, consider their efficacy for addressing various kinds of impacts and point out approaches that are currently missing. Based on the discussion, it argues that a comprehensive policy approach is needed to tackle environmental security impacts. This requires closer coordination and interchange between sectors as well as strategic intent. In addition, further research is needed on the structural impacts of mitigating and adapting to environmental change.
Multilevel Environmental Governance: Vertical and Horizontal Influences in Local Policy Networks
Authors: Yi Hongtao , Huang Chen , Chen Tao , Xu Xiaolin , Liu Weixing
Published: April 2019

In the context of multilevel governance, collaboration among governmental and non-governmental entities across different levels of government is increasingly popular in China’s environmental governance. Policy actors are engaged in two types of collaboration with other local governments: horizontal and vertical collaboration. Policy actors participate in horizontal collaboration when they work with entities at the same level, and in vertical collaboration when working with governments at different levels. This study examines multilevel environmental governance in China by studying how the decisions of policy actors to participate in local water governance networks are influenced by vertical pressures from higher level government and horizontal influences from other policy actors at the same level. We approach the research questions in the empirical context of local water governance in Dongguan city of Guangdong Province. With survey data collected from 31 municipal departments, 32 town governments, nine water-related private businesses and five NGOs, we tested the hypotheses with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions. The results indicate that vertical pressure and horizontal brokerage are both drivers for participation in the local water governance network.
Stereo Matching Methods for Imperfectly Rectified Stereo Images
Authors: Nguyen Phuc Hong , Ahn Chang Wook
Published: April 2019

Stereo matching has been under development for decades and is an important process for many applications. Difficulties in stereo matching include textureless regions, occlusion, illumination variation, the fattening effect, and discontinuity. These challenges are effectively solved in recently developed stereo matching algorithms. A new imperfect rectification problem has recently been encountered in stereo matching, and the problem results from the high resolution of stereo images. State-of-the-art stereo matching algorithms fail to exactly reconstruct the depth information using stereo images with imperfect rectification, as the imperfectly rectified image problems are not explicitly taken into account. In this paper, we solve the imperfect rectification problems, and propose matching stereo matching methods that based on absolute differences, square differences, normalized cross correlation, zero-mean normalized cross correlation, and rank and census transforms. Finally, we conduct experiments to evaluate these stereo matching methods using the Middlebury datasets. The experimental results show the proposed stereo matching methods can reduce error rate significantly for stereo images with imperfect rectification.
Anomaly Detection Based on Mining Six Local Data Features and BP Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhu Yuanpeng , Li Xuqiao , Wang Xiaole , Guo Xutong
Published: April 2019

Key performance indicators (KPIs) are time series with the format of (timestamp, value). The accuracy of KPIs anomaly detection is far beyond our initial expectations sometimes. The reasons include the unbalanced distribution between the normal data and the anomalies as well as the existence of many different types of the KPIs data curves. In this paper, we propose a new anomaly detection model based on mining six local data features as the input of back-propagation (BP) neural network. By means of vectorization description on a normalized dataset innovatively, the local geometric characteristics of one time series curve could be well described in a precise mathematical way. Differing from some traditional statistics data characteristics describing the entire variation situation of one sequence, the six mined local data features give a subtle insight of local dynamics by describing the local monotonicity, the local convexity/concavity, the local inflection property and peaks distribution of one KPI time series. In order to demonstrate the validity of the proposed model, we applied our method on 14 classical KPIs time series datasets. Numerical results show that the new given scheme achieves an average F1-score over 90%. Comparison results show that the proposed model detects the anomaly more precisely.
Thermoelasticity of Initially Stressed Bodies with Voids: A Domain of Influence
Authors: Marin Marin , Othman Mohamed I. A. , Vlase Sorin , Codarcea-Munteanu Lavinia
Published: April 2019

In our study, we will extend the domain of influence in order to cover the thermoelasticity of initially stressed bodies with voids. In what follows, we prove that, for a finite time t > 0 , the displacement field u i , the dipolar displacement field φ j k , the temperature θ and the change in volume fraction ϕ generate no disturbance outside a bounded domain B.
When Considering More Elements: Attribute Correlation in Unsupervised Data Cleaning under Blocking
Authors: Li Pei , Dai Chaofan , Wang Wenqian
Published: April 2019

In banks, governments, and internet companies, due to the increasing demand for data in various information systems and continuously shortening of the cycle for data collection and update, there may be a variety of data quality issues in a database. As the expansion of data scales, methods such as pre-specifying business rules or introducing expert experience into a repair process are no longer applicable to some information systems requiring rapid responses. In this case, we divided data cleaning into supervised and unsupervised forms according to whether there were interventions in the repair processes and put forward a new dimension suitable for unsupervised cleaning in this paper. For weak logic errors in unsupervised data cleaning, we proposed an attribute correlation-based (ACB)-Framework under blocking, and designed three different data blocking methods to reduce the time complexity and test the impact of clustering accuracy on data cleaning. The experiments showed that the blocking methods could effectively reduce the repair time by maintaining the repair validity. Moreover, we concluded that the blocking methods with a too high clustering accuracy tended to put tuples with the same elements into a data block, which reduced the cleaning ability. In summary, the ACB-Framework with blocking can reduce the corresponding time cost and does not need the guidance of domain knowledge or interventions in repair, which can be applied in information systems requiring rapid responses, such as internet web pages, network servers, and sensor information acquisition.
Convenient Asymmetric Synthesis of Fmoc-(S)-6,6,6-Trifluoro-Norleucine
Authors: Mei Haibo , Yin Zizhen , Miwa Toshio , Moriwaki Hiroki , Abe Hidenori , Han Jianlin , Soloshonok Vadim A.
Published: April 2019

In this work we report a convenient asymmetric synthesis of Fmoc-(S)-6,6,6-trifluoro-norleucine via alkylation reaction of chiral glycine equivalent. The target amino acid of 99% enantiomeric purity was prepared with 82.4% total yield (three steps).
A Complete Survey of Glycoalkaloids Using LC-FTICR-MS and IRMPD in a Commercial Variety and a Local Landrace of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and their Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Lelario Filomena , De Maria Susanna , Rivelli Anna Rita , Russo Daniela , Milella Luigi , Bufo Sabino Aurelio , Scrano Laura
Published: April 2019

Eggplant contains glycoalkaloids (GAs), a class of nitrogen-containing secondary metabolites of great structural variety that may have both adverse and beneficial biological effects. In this study, we performed a complete survey of GAs and their malonylated form, in two genotypes of eggplants: A commercial cultivated type, Mirabella (Mir), with purple peel and bitter taste and a local landrace, named Melanzana Bianca di Senise (Sen), characterized by white peel with purple strip and a typical sweet aroma. Besides the analysis of their morphological traits, nineteen glycoalkaloids were tentatively identified in eggplant berry extracts based upon LC-ESI-FTICR-MS analysis using retention times, elution orders, high-resolution mass spectra, as well as high-resolution fragmentation by IRMPD. The relative signal intensities (i.e., ion counts) of the GAs identified in Mir and Sen pulp extracts showed as solamargine, and its isomers are the most abundant. In addition, anticholinesterase and antioxidant activities of the extracts were evaluated. Pulp tissue was found to be more active in inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzyme than peel showing an inhibitory effect higher than 20% for Mir pulp. The identification of new malonylated GAs in eggplant is proposed.
Risk Factors for Brucella Seroprevalence in Peri-Urban Dairy Farms in Five Indian Cities
Authors: Lindahl Johanna F. , Gill Jatinder Paul Singh , Hazarika Razibuddin Ahmed , Fairoze Nadeem Mohamed , Bedi Jasbir S. , Dohoo Ian , Chauhan Abhimanyu Singh , Grace Delia , Kakkar Manish
Published: April 2019

Brucellosis is endemic among dairy animals in India, contributing to production losses and posing a health risk to people, especially farmers and others in close contact with dairy animals or their products. Growing urban populations demand increased milk supplies, resulting in intensifying dairy production at the peri-urban fringe. Peri-urban dairying is under-studied but has implications for disease transmission, both positive and negative. In this cross-sectional study, five Indian cities were selected to represent different geographies and urbanization extent. Around each, we randomly selected 34 peri-urban villages, and in each village three smallholder dairy farms (defined as having a maximum of 10 dairy animals) were randomly selected. The farmers were interviewed, and milk samples were taken from up to three animals. These were tested using a commercial ELISA for antibodies against Brucella abortus, and factors associated with herd seroprevalence were identified. In all, 164 out of 1163 cows (14.1%, 95% CI 12.2–16.2%) were seropositive for Brucella. In total, 91 out of 510 farms (17.8%, 95% CI 14.6–21.4%) had at least one positive animal, and out of these, just seven farmers stated that they had vaccinated against brucellosis. In four cities, the farm-level seroprevalence ranged between 1.4–5.2%, while the fifth city had a seroprevalence of 72.5%. This city had larger, zero-grazing herds, used artificial insemination to a much higher degree, replaced their animals by purchasing from their neighbors, were less likely to contact a veterinarian in case of sick animals, and were also judged to be less clean. Within the high-prevalence city, farms were at higher risk of being infected if they had a young owner and if they were judged less clean. In the low-prevalence cities, no risk factors could be identified. In conclusion, this study has identified that a city can have a high burden of infected animals in the peri-urban areas, but that seroprevalence is strongly influenced by the husbandry system. Increased intensification can be associated with increased risk, and thus the practices associated with this, such as artificial insemination, are also associated with increased risk. These results may be important to identify high-risk areas for prioritizing interventions and for policy decisions influencing the structure and development of the dairy industry.
First Evidence of Antibodies Against Lloviu Virus in Schreiber’s Bent-Winged Insectivorous Bats Demonstrate a Wide Circulation of the Virus in Spain
Authors: Ramírez de Arellano Eva , Sanchez-Lockhart Mariano , Perteguer Maria J. , Bartlett Maggie , Ortiz Marta , Campioli Pamela , Hernández Ana , Gonzalez Jeanette , Garcia Karla , Ramos Manolo , Jiménez-Clavero Miguel Ángel , Tenorio Antonio , Sánchez-Seco Mª Paz , González Félix , Echevarría Juan Emilio , Palacios Gustavo , Negredo Anabel
Published: April 2019

Although Lloviu virus (LLOV) was discovered in the carcasses of insectivorous Schreiber’s Bent-winged bats in the caves of Northern Spain in 2002, its infectivity and pathogenicity remain unclear. We examined the seroprevalence of LLOV in potentially exposed Schreiber’s Bent-winged bats (n = 60), common serotine bats (n = 10) as controls, and humans (n = 22) using an immunoblot assay. We found antibodies against LLOV GP2 in all of Schreiber’s Bent-winged bats serum pools, but not in any of the common serotine bats and human pools tested. To confirm this seroreactivity, 52 serums were individually tested using Domain Programmable Arrays (DPA), a phage display based-system serology technique for profiling filovirus epitopes. A serological signature against different LLOV proteins was obtained in 19/52 samples tested (36.5%). The immunodominant response was in the majority specific to LLOV-unique epitopes, confirming that the serological response detected was to LLOV. To our knowledge, this is the first serological evidence of LLOV exposure in live captured Schreiber’s Bent-winged bats, dissociating LLOV circulation as the cause of the previously reported die-offs.
Mycoviruses: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Kotta-Loizou Ioly
Published: April 2019

Approximately a year ago, when I accepted the offer to act as a Guest Editor for the Special Issue ‘Mycoviruses’ organised by the MDPI journal Viruses, I dared not expect that ‘Mycoviruses’ would include such a large number of manuscripts [...]
Activity of Selected Nucleoside Analogue ProTides against Zika Virus in Human Neural Stem Cells
Authors: Bernatchez Jean A. , Coste Michael , Beck Sungjun , Wells Grace A. , Luna Lucas A. , Clark Alex E. , Zhu Zhe , Hecht David , Rich Jeremy N. , Sohl Christal D. , Purse Byron W. , Siqueira-Neto Jair L.
Published: April 2019

Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging flavivirus that causes neurodevelopmental impairment to fetuses and has been linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome continues to threaten global health due to the absence of targeted prophylaxis or treatment. Nucleoside analogues are good examples of efficient anti-viral inhibitors, and prodrug strategies using phosphate masking groups (ProTides) have been employed to improve the bioavailability of ribonucleoside analogues. Here, we synthesized and tested a small library of 13 ProTides against ZIKV in human neural stem cells. Strong activity was observed for 2′-C-methyluridine and 2′-C-ethynyluridine ProTides with an aryloxyl phosphoramidate masking group. Substitution of a 2-(methylthio) ethyl phosphoramidate for the aryloxyl phosphoramidate ProTide group of 2′-C-methyluridine completely abolished antiviral activity of the compound. The aryloxyl phosphoramidate ProTide of 2′-C-methyluridine outperformed the hepatitis C virus (HCV) drug sofosbuvir in suppression of viral titers and protection from cytopathic effect, while the former compound’s triphosphate active metabolite was better incorporated by purified ZIKV NS5 polymerase over time. These findings suggest both a nucleobase and ProTide group bias for the anti-ZIKV activity of nucleoside analogue ProTides in a disease-relevant cell model.
Manipulation of Epithelial Differentiation by HPV Oncoproteins
Authors: White Elizabeth A.
Published: April 2019

Papillomaviruses replicate and cause disease in stratified squamous epithelia. Epithelial differentiation is essential for the progression of papillomavirus replication, but differentiation is also impaired by papillomavirus-encoded proteins. The papillomavirus E6 and E7 oncoproteins partially inhibit and/or delay epithelial differentiation and some of the mechanisms by which they do so are beginning to be defined. This review will outline the key features of the relationship between HPV infection and differentiation and will summarize the data indicating that papillomaviruses alter epithelial differentiation. It will describe what is known so far and will highlight open questions about the differentiation-inhibitory mechanisms employed by the papillomaviruses.
Assessing the Effectiveness of the WFD as a Tool to Address Different Levels of Water Scarcity Based on Two Case Studies of the Mediterranean Region
Authors: Apostolaki Stella , Akinsete Ebun , Tsani Stella , Koundouri Phoebe , Pittis Nikittas , Levantis Eleftherios
Published: April 2019

Despite being a natural phenomenon, water scarcity is, to a great extent, human-induced, particularly affected by climate change and by the increased water resources vulnerability. The Water Framework Directive (WFD), an ‘umbrella’ directive that aims to provide holistic approaches to the management of water resources and is supported by a number of Communication documents on water scarcity, requires for prompt responses to ensure ‘healthy’ water bodies of good ecological status. The current paper presents a multidisciplinary approach, developed and engaged within the Globaqua Project, to provide an assessment of the main challenges towards addressing water scarcity with emphasis on the climate change projections, in two Mediterranean regions. The current paper attempts to critically assess the effectiveness of the WFD as a tool to address water scarcity and increase sustainability in resource use. Criticism lies on the fact that the WFD does not directly refer to it, still, water scarcity is recognized as a factor that increases stress on water resources and deteriorates their status. In addition, the Program of Measures (PoMs) within the WFD clearly contribute to reducing vulnerability of water resources and to ensure current and future water use, also under the impact of the projected climate change.
A Study of the Performance of Dielectric Barrier Discharge under Different Conditions for Nitrobenzene Degradation
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad Imran , Yi Chengwu , Asilevi Prince Junior , Geng Tingting , Aleem Muhammad , Zafar Abdul Mannan , Azeem Ahmad , Wang Huijuan
Published: April 2019

Water scarcity and water contamination due to the extensive use of organic compounds in industries trigger us to adopt modern techniques for wastewater treatment. In this research, we developed a new dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system which was evaluated for the degradation of nitrobenzene in water under different experimental arrangements. DBD produces an enormous amount of active species like O3, •O, O2+ and O2− and •OH to degrade the pollutants. In this study, NB (Nitrobenzene) was treated from wastewater by changing the gas flow rate, adopting different carrier gas, by adding inhibitors and promoters and the effect of applied voltage on the production of active species to check the effectiveness of the DBD system. The DBD system was evaluated based on input power, degradation efficiency and energy yield compared with other advanced oxidation processes. The energy yield of the DBD system was 1.253 mg/kWh for the degradation of 20 mg/L of NB to 75% in 60 min with the discharge power of 0.538 W, which displays better results in comparison with the other AOPs regarding energy yield and the degradation efficiency of the pollutant. The results illustrate the significance of the system and further suggest its application to industrial-scale treatment.
El Turismo como una alternativa de desarrollo socio económico para el Cantón Loja
Authors: Morales Espinosa Judith Maria , Pardo Villalta Yomar Rocío
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar el turismo como una alternativa de desarrollo socio económico para el cantón Loja.  Dentro del alcance de la investigación se planteó que a través del turismo se pueda revalorizar la cultura de los pueblos, teniendo presente un sinnúmero de consideraciones para conservar el ambiente, sin dejar de lado la rentabilidad económica que debe tener.

La metodología que se utilizó para la realización de la investigación fue de tipo descriptiva, la cual buscó identificar la importancia del turismo. En este estudio descriptivo se seleccionaron determinadas variables de interés para la investigación y se analizaron de forma independiente para facilitar su estudio y comprensión.

En los resultados se evidencio que el cantón Loja perteneciente a la provincia de Loja, es uno de los cantones que se han constituido como un destino turístico nacional e internacional, el cual abarca a los visitantes extranjeros y a los visitantes residentes. El cantón cuenta con grandes atractivos para visitar, entre ellos la Basílica del Cisne, museos, infraestructura hotelera, gastronomía típica y una gran herencia cultural. Además el turista que visita el cantón Loja le gusta desarrollar distintas actividades de turismo, los sitios elegidos por los turistas se centran en su mayoría en este cantón, ubicando a Vilcabamba en el primer lugar de sus opciones de visita.

Por tanto, como conclusiones generales de la investigación se hace hincapié que el turismo en la actualidad es una de las alternativas para el desarrollo socioeconómico del cantón Loja, por ello es importante la promoción y difusión adecuada de sus atractivos turísticos del cantón y sitios aledaños de interés como un destino turístico para visitar el Ecuador.
Antimikrobiyal Peptidlerin Sepsis Tanısındaki Rolü
Authors: AYHANCI Tuğba , ALTINDİŞ Mustafa
Published: April 2019

Sepsis, koroner yoğun bakım ünitesi dışındaki yoğun bakım ünitelerinde yatan hastalarda ölümün en sık nedenidir. Erken tanı ve tedavi prognozu olumlu yönde belirleyen en önemli etmendir ve bu sebeple sepsisin erken tanısı için geliştirilecek olan biyobelirteçler gerekli müdahalenin yapılması ve böylece mortalitenin azaltılması yönünde öncelik taşımaktadır. Sepsis tanısında, uzun yıllar boyunca kullanılan sistemik inflamatuar yanıt sendromu (SIRS) kriterlerinin, günümüzde sepsis tanısı için spesifik olmadığı anlaşılmış ve tanıda organ disfonksiyonunu gösteren SOFA skoru daha yararlı bulunmuştur. Fakat birçok parametreyi içeren bu skor, uzun listesi nedeni ile tanıda kolaylık sağlayamamaktadır. Günümüzde, sepsis tanısı için hızlı ve tanı koydurucu testlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Biyobelirteçler, hızlı sonuç sağlamaları nedeni ile sepsisin erken tanısında ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda, son yıllarda biyobelirteç özellikleri üzerinde çalışılan antimikrobiyal peptidler (AMP), sepsisin erken tanısında aday testler olabilir. AMP’ler, bakterilerden memelilere kadar birçok canlı tarafından sentezlenebilen doğal bağışıklığın önemli bileşenleridir. Virüs, mantar, bakteri ve parazitlere karşı oldukça geniş spektrumlu mikrobiyosidal aktiviteye sahip bu peptidler vücut sıvılarında ve inflamasyonun indüklendiği dokularda eksprese edilir. Sepsis sürecinde sentezinin arttığı gözlenen katelisidin, defensin, kalprotektin, hepsidin ve laktoferrin gibi antimikrobiyal peptidler bu hastalık için potansiyel biyobelirteç özelliği göstermektedir. Bu derlemede, AMP’lerden olan katelisidin, defensin, kalprotektin, hepsidin, laktoferrin ve bakterisidal geçirgenlik arttırıcı proteinin (BPI) sepsis sürecindeki etki mekanizmaları ve biyobelirteç özellikleri irdelenmektedir.
MEMBANGUN SISTEM PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Permana Natalis Sukma
Published: April 2019

Education is one of the elements of character building and human self-development. Education is expected to provide learning so that learners are able to understand themselves, others, the community environment and all the differences that exist in the environment and be tolerant to all the differences that exist in society. Multicultural education is expected to be one of the ways in which learners develop tolerant attitudes toward different racial, ethnic, social and cultural groups, religions, etc.

 

According to UU No. 20 Year 2003 about the National Education System mentions "Education is conducted in a democratic and fair and non-discriminatory way by upholding human rights, religious values, cultural values, and national pluralism". From article 4 it can be concluded that multicultural education becomes one of the attention in the national education system in Indonesia. Through a multicultural education, learners are able to appreciate the diversity of cultural diversity that exists in Indonesia, increasing the spirit of tolerance to the differences given that the culture of Indonesian society is very diverse.

 

Multicultural education is given to learners in the hope that they have the knowledge and understanding that in the country Indonesia is synonymous with plurality and prone to conflict. Multicultural education is expected to reduce the potential for conflict caused by various pluralism. Through the integration of curriculum and approaches in the learning process. In this case the school has a significant role in supporting the formation of a multicultural education society culture while the teacher also has a role in integrating and linking materials that lead to understanding and awareness of multiculturalism in Indonesia. Through multicultural education, learners are expected to have good competence, to behave and apply democratic values, humanism and pluralism in school and out of school. Thus, multicultural education system will be very possible to held with the cooperation of various parties that support the education process in Indonesia.
SUBVARIEDADES DE ROTAÇÃO EM ESPAÇOS PRODUTO
Authors: Canevari Samuel da Cruz
Published: April 2019

Classificamos as subvariedades de rotação em  $\Q_{\epsilon}^{n} \times \R$, com curvatura seccional constante e dimensão $m \geq 3.$
REFLEXÕES SOBRE AS DIFICULDADES APRESENTADAS NA APRENDIZAGEM DA ÁLGEBRA POR ESTUDANTES DA 7ª SÉRIE
Authors: Gil Katia Henn , Felicetti Vera Lucia
Published: April 2019

Neste artigo apresenta-se um estudo que tem por objetivo identificar as dificuldades na aprendizagem de Álgebra e algumas causas dessas dificuldades presentes nas atividades realizadas por alunos da 7ª série do Ensino Fundamental, sujeitos deste estudo. O estudo foi orientado por uma abordagem metodológica de cunho quali-quanti. Para a coleta de dados foram realizadas observações na turma em questão e aplicadas atividades envolvendo os conteúdos algébricos trabalhados pela docente da turma. Dentre os fatores relacionados às dificuldades na aprendizagem, observou-se que a interpretação de problemas algébricos, que exige uma tradução da linguagem corrente para a linguagem simbólica, apresenta-se como obstáculo, o que representa dizer que muitas vezes a não compreensão da linguagem apresentada no problema, dificulta a tradução para a linguagem algébrica. Outro obstáculo encontrado na investigação consiste na falta de pré-requisitos em Aritmética o que desencadeia dificuldades na aprendizagem da Álgebra, uma vez que esta necessita da primeira para a resolução das atividades nela propostas.
Univalent Functions Defined by a Generalized Multiplier Differential Operator
Authors: Alamoush Adnan Ghazy
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we investigate a new subclass of univalent functions defined by a generalized differential operator, and obtain some interesting properties of functions belonging to the class R^{m}_{\lambda, \mu, \alpha, \beta, \gamma, \vartheta}(\varpi).
Employees Welfare Measures: Importance, Statutory Provisions and Various Agencies Protecting The Welfare of Employees
Authors: Aruna S , Seetha V
Published: April 2019

Employees welfare includes various facilities, services and amenities provided for improving their health, efficiency, economic betterment and social status of the workers. The Welfare measures will improve the physique intelligence, morality and standard of living of the workers, which in turn will improve their efficiency and productivity. Employees welfare schemes are flexible and ever-changing. New welfare measures are added to the existing ones from time to time. Welfare measures may be introduced by the employers, government, employees or by any social or charitable agency. The purpose of employee’s welfare is to develop personality of the workers to make a better workforce. Welfare schemes it create efficient, healthy, loyal and satisfied labor force for the organization. Providing such facilities make their work life better and leads to good standard of living. The present study focus on employees welfare measures and what are the various statutory provisions and agencies protecting the welfare of employees
Multi National Companies in India– A Critical Review
Authors: Tigari Harish , Chandrashekhar R
Published: April 2019

India is one of the faster growing emerging economies in the world. For this many industries are contributing that may be Indian or foreign origin company. By observing the statistics, 49.86 % of contribution by MSMEs towards nation export and the remaining by large companies only. MNCs (multinational corporations) are also contributing to the growth of the country by generating employment, the inflow of FDI, transfer of technology etc. The orientations of international business connotatively deal with ethnocentric, polycentric, geocentric, and regiocentric approaches. The MNCs and their profit-making objective always influenced by entry strategies with the time of entry, size of the entry, and place of entry into the foreign market. It also influenced by way of entry into the foreign market by concentrating on FDI with green field and brown field strategies. Here the present paper addresses the multinational corporations in India and their contribution to the economic development of India and attempts to address characterization of MNCs with employment argument and growth prospects of economic variables significantly influenced on different sectors growth in India. The present study attempts to analyze the relationship between foreign companies’ mode of entry with FDI and economic variables by using Karl Pearson coefficient correlation.
An Analysis of Socio Economic Conditions of Homeless People’s in Madurai City, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Periyamayan N
Published: April 2019

Homeless people who not able to get and keep regular, safe and sound houses, or lack of fixed usual and sufficient night-time residence. The numbers of homeless peoples are increased due to the lack of adequate housing, unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood and old age etc. They are living in open areas like pavements, railway platforms, Hume pipes, under flyovers and open places near temples are described as homeless. In India, 1.77 million people are living homeless and 35 per cent of people are still earning $1 or less a day. The objectives of the study are 1) to know the socio-economic conditions of the homeless people in Madurai city, 2) to examine the factors affecting the homeless people in Madurai city and 3) To suggest viable strategies for improving their living conditions of homeless people. The study is entirely based on primary data. It deals with socio-economic conditions of homeless people, and factors influencing homelessness of homeless people in Madurai city. In the study, 100 homeless people were interviewed by using a well-structured interview schedule. The findings of the study have been identified various factors as the causes of homelessness and deprivation. Thus, the fact emerges that the homeless dwellers in the study area are socio-economically very poor and backward.
Popular Culture in the Context of Music, Literature and Sports
Authors: Raju Siddhartha , S Srinivas
Published: April 2019

Situated within the broad ambit of Popular Culture studies, this paper firstly outlines the meaning of 'Popular Culture' and the significance of studying it from an academic point of view. It then discusses the type of relationship Popular Culture has had with (Indian) music, literature and sports.
Acquiring Vocabulary through a Context-Based Approach
Authors: Muthuchamy I
Published: April 2019

Developing students’ strategies for learning unfamiliar words is a prime challenge of English reading people. The shortcomings of this approach are well known. Much dictionary work can mar all interest in reading and even interfere with comprehension because readers become less aware of the context which gives them meaning. It also leads to very slow and ineffective reading. Surmising vocabulary from context is the usual way to con the meaning of new words. Honey field stresses the impetus of context by remarking that even with a functional vocabulary of the 3,000 most frequently occurring items in English; readers will still not know approximately 20 per cent of the items they come across in a un simplified text.
Globalization and Ethical Confront
Authors: Sathiya Moorthi S B
Published: April 2019

This paper looks at the importance of business morals in the global business situation. The moral impact of globalization on various partners like investors, workers, clients, providers, contenders, government and common society has been contemplated. The moral issues looked by associations in worldwide human asset the board, global money related administration, universal advertising, creation, and data and correspondence innovation (ICT) have been investigated. Business moral rehearses in worldwide organizations like Walmart, Coca-Cola, Nike, Texas Instruments, Infosys Technologies furthermore, Sony Corporation has been investigated. It turns out from the examination that moral business authority is urgent for long haul achievement of the association. The associations should try to give value based initiative to thrive. In the nutshell, this paper particularly intersections the noticeable orders like showcasing, fund, human asset, creation, ICT and so forth to set up the estimation of business morals in developing global business situation.
A Study on Recent Trends in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Harris Kumar D , Renga Boss V
Published: April 2019

An effective personal assistant should have adaptability, judgment, and technical, team player, customer service & communication skills, from the olden days personal assistant has been assigned to look after a team. A personal assistant (PA) usually carries out administrative work on behalf of one individual. The role of a PA is to free an executive’s time from organizing and administrative tasks so that they can spend maximum time on strategic tasks. Now we are living in the technological emerging world, physical personal assistants are replaced by the virtual assistant, they can be in the form of small device or robots and even it can be a contract that is signed over the Internet that assists in the day to day tasks performed by the human. Artificial intelligence plays an important role in a virtual assistant.

One common characterization of intelligent computation is based on the ability to solve a problem. Types of problems requiring intelligence include inference based on acquiring knowledge, reasoning, and acting with uncertain or incomplete information, various forms of perception and learning, and applications to problems such as control, prediction, classification, and optimization. The second characterization of AI computation is based on the underlying mechanism for biological processes it is used to arrive a solution. The primary variant of this category is neural networks and genetic algorithms. This view of AI is necessary even if such techniques are used to compute things that don’t appear intelligent in the way of computing. In this article the current trend of Artificial intelligence has been discussed.
Inculcating Resilience through Physical Activity among Children
Authors: Sindhuja Manisha Kamini P
Published: April 2019

Background: Resilience can be articulated as a bounce back mechanism when encountered in adverse situations, whicha well-formed mind and healthy body could develop. Physical activity be the potent source for building healthy body and promoting overall wellbeing including psychological activities like resilience. Child’s mind and body are the classics for the mental and physical development. Inculcating resilience in the early days paves the way for better mental health Aim: To find out whether resilience can be inculcated through physical activity. Methods & Tools: 157 children between the age of 7 and 11 were selected included in the study by selecting through random sampling method. Tools used are Physical activity questionnaire (Kowalski, K., Crocker, P., & Donen, R.) and CYRM 12 (Dr. Michael Ungar). Results: The correlation value found as the relationship between physical activity and resilience is .974** which is significant at 0.01 level 2-tailed Conclusion: The study concludes that highly physically active children can be easily inculcated with resilience compared to less physically active children. In other words, physical activity and resilience is positively correlated among children.
Personality and Motivation: A Correlation study among Sports Person
Authors: Keerthika M , Punithavathi S
Published: April 2019

In this competitive world, it is essential to grab the sportive nature of sports persons. For different personality type of the individual the motive to engage in sports also varies from person to person. The aim of the present study is to determine the relationship between personality and motivation among sports persons and to identify the gender difference of personality and motivation factors. The sample of this study was 120 sports persons out of which 60 were males and 60 were females belonging to the age range of 18 -30 years. The mean, standard deviation and Pearson’s correlation coefficient were used for analysing the data. Results indicate that there is no significant relationship between Personality and Motivation type of sports persons.
Revisiting the HIP 41378 System with K2 and Spitzer
Authors: Berardo David , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Werner Michael , Petigura Erik , Christiansen Jessie , Ciardi David R. , Dressing Courtney , Fulton Benjamin J. , Gorjian Varoujan , Greene Thomas P. , Hardegree-Ullman Kevin , Kane Stephen R. , Livingston John , Morales Farisa , Schlieder Joshua E.
Published: April 2019

We present new observations of the multiplanet system HIP 41378, a bright star (V = 8.9, K

s
 = 7.7) with five known transiting planets. Previous K2 observations showed multiple transits of two Neptune-sized bodies and single transits of three larger planets (R

P
 = 0.33R

J
, 0.47R

J
, 0.88R

J
). K2 recently observed the system again in Campaign 18 (C18). We observe one new transit each of two of the larger planets d/f, giving maximal orbital periods of 1114/1084 days, as well as integer divisions of these values down to a lower limit of about 50 days. We use all available photometry to determine the eccentricity distributions of HIP 41378 d & f, finding that periods ≲300 days require non-zero eccentricity. We check for overlapping orbits of planets d and f to constrain their mutual periods, finding that short periods (P < 300 days) for planet f are disfavored. We also observe transits of planets b and c with Spitzer/Infrared Array Camera (IRAC), which we combine with the K2 observations to search for transit timing variations (TTVs). We find a linear ephemeris for planet b, but see a significant TTV signal for planet c. The ability to recover the two smaller planets with Spitzer shows that this fascinating system will continue to be detectable with Spitzer, CHEOPS, TESS, and other observatories, allowing us to precisely determine the periods of d and f, characterize the TTVs of planet c, recover the transits of planet e, and further enhance our view of this remarkable dynamical laboratory.
Origin and Evolution of Long-period Comets
Authors: Vokrouhlický David , Nesvorný David , Dones Luke
Published: April 2019

We develop an evolutionary model of the long-period comet (LPC) population, starting from their birthplace in a massive trans-Neptunian disk that was dispersed by migrating giant planets. Most comets that remain bound to the solar system are stored in the Oort cloud. Galactic tides and passing stars make some of these bodies evolve into observable comets in the inner solar system. Our approach models each step in a full-fledged numerical framework. Subsequent analysis consists of applying plausible fading models and computing the original orbits to compare with observations. Our results match the observed semimajor axis distribution of LPCs when Whipple’s power-law fading scheme with an exponent

is adopted. The cumulative perihelion (q) distribution is well fit by a linear increase plus a weak quadratic term. Beyond q = 15 au, however, the population increases steeply, and the isotropy of LPC orbital planes breaks. We find tentative evidence from the perihelion distribution of LPCs that the returning comets are depleted in supervolatiles and become active due to water ice sublimation for q ≤ 3 au. Using an independent calibration of the population of the initial disk, our predicted LPC flux is smaller than observations suggest by a factor of ≃2. Current data only characterize comets from the outer Oort cloud (semimajor axes ≳104 au). A true boost in understanding the Oort cloud’s structure should result from future surveys when they detect LPCs with perihelia beyond 15 au. Our results provide observational predictions of what can be expected from these new data.
Dust Continuum Emission and the Upper Limit Fluxes of Submillimeter Water Lines of the Protoplanetary Disk around HD 163296 Observed by ALMA
Authors: Notsu Shota , Akiyama Eiji , Booth Alice , Nomura Hideko , Walsh Catherine , Hirota Tomoya , Honda Mitsuhiko , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Millar T. J.
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we analyze the upper limit fluxes of submillimeter ortho-H2
16O 321 GHz, para-H2
18O 322 GHz, and HDO 335 GHz lines from the protoplanetary disk around the Herbig Ae star HD 163296, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array. These water lines are considered to be the best candidate submillimeter lines to locate the position of the H2O snowline, on the basis of our previous model calculations. We compare the upper limit fluxes with the values calculated by our models with dust emission included, and we constrain the line-emitting region and the dust opacity from the observations. We conclude that, if the outer edge of the region with a high water abundance and the position of the water snowline are both beyond 8 au, then themillimeter dust opacity κ
mm will have a value larger than 2.0 cm2 g−1. In addition, the position of the water snowline must lie inside 20 au if the millimeter dust opacity κ
mm is 2.0 cm2 g−1. Future observations of the dust continuum emission at higher angular resolution and submillimeter water lines with a longer observation time are required to clarify the detailed structures and the position of the H2O snowline in the disk midplane.
The Redshift Dependence of the Alcock–Paczynski Effect: Cosmological Constraints from the Current and Next Generation Observations
Authors: Li Xiao-Dong , Miao Haitao , Wang Xin , Zhang Xue , Fang Feng , Luo Xiaolin , Huang Qing-Guo , Li Miao
Published: April 2019

The tomographic Alcock–Paczynski (AP) test is a robust large-scale structure (LSS) measurement that receives little contamination from the redshift space distortion. It has placed tight cosmological constraints by using small and intermediate clustering scales of the LSS data. However, previous works have neglected the cross-correlation among different redshift bins, which could cause the statistical uncertainty being underestimated by ∼20%. In this work, we further improve this method by including this multi-redshift’s full correlation. We apply it to the SDSS DR12 galaxies sample and find out that, for ΛCDM, the combination of AP with the Planck+BAO data set slightly reduces (within 1σ) Ω
m
to 0.304 ± 0.007 (68.3% CL). This then leads to a larger H
0 and also mildly affects Ω
b

h
2 and n

s
as well as the derived parameters z
*, r
*, and z

re
but not τ, A

s
, and σ
8. For the flat wCDM model, our measurement gives Ω
m
 = 0.301 ± 0.010 and w = −1.090 ± 0.047, where the additional AP measurement reduces the error budget by ∼25%. When including more parameters into the analysis, the AP method also improves the constraints on Ω
k
,

, and N
eff by 20%–30%. Early universe parameters such as

and r, however, are unaffected. Assuming the dark energy equation of state

, the Planck+BAO+SNe Ia+H
0+AP data sets prefer a dynamical dark energy at ≈1.5σ CL. Finally, we forecast the cosmological constraints expected from the DESI galaxy survey and find that combining AP with the CMB+BAO method would improve the w
0–w

a
constraint by a factor of ∼10.
Do Halos that Form Early, Have High Concentration, Are Part of a Pair, or Contain a Central Galaxy Potential Host More Pronounced Planes of Satellite Galaxies?
Authors: Pawlowski Marcel S. , Bullock James S. , Kelley Tyler , Famaey Benoit
Published: April 2019

The Milky Way, the Andromeda galaxy, and Centaurus A host flattened distributions of satellite galaxies that exhibit coherent velocity trends indicative of rotation. Comparably extreme satellite structures are very rare in cosmological ΛCDM simulations, giving rise to the “satellite plane problem.” As a possible explanation, it has been suggested that earlier-forming, higher-concentration host halos contain more flattened and kinematically coherent satellite planes. We have tested for such a proposed correlation between the satellite plane and host halo properties in the Exploring the Local Volume in Simulations suite of simulations. We find evidence for neither a correlation of plane flattening with halo concentration or formation time nor a correlation of kinematic coherence with concentration. The height of the thinnest subhalo planes does correlate with the host virial radius and the radial extent of the subhalo system. This can be understood as an effect of not accounting for differences in the radial distribution of subhalos and selecting them from different volumes than covered by the actual observations. Being part of a halo pair like the Local Group does not result in narrower or more correlated satellite planes either. Additionally, using the Phat ELVIS simulations, we show that the presence of a central galaxy potential does not favor narrower or more correlated satellite planes; rather, it leads to slightly wider planes. Such a central potential is a good approximation of the dominant effect baryonic physics in cosmological simulations has on a subhalo population. This suggests that, in contrast to other small-scale problems, the issue of planes of satellite galaxies is made worse by accounting for baryonic effects.
Structure of Our Galactic Bulge from CN Measurements
Authors: Lee Jae-Woo
Published: April 2019

The double red clumps (DRCs) are now dominantly believed to be the strong observational line of evidence of the so-called X-shaped Galactic bar structures. Recently, Lee et al. reported a subtle mean δCN(3839) difference between the DRCs and suggested a dichotomic picture that can be seen in globular clusters: the faint red clump is the first generation, while the bright red clump corresponds to the second generation (SG). They argued that the magnitude difference between the DRCs is due to different stellar populations, and is not due to the geometric difference between the DRCs. Our reanalysis shows that their data do not appear to support the idea of multiple population-induced DRCs in our Galactic bulge. We perform fully empirical Monte Carlo simulations and find that the shape of the δCN(3839) distributions is the most stringent evidence to pursue. Our results strongly suggest that the CN distributions toward the Galactic bulge are qualitatively consistent with the X-shaped Galactic bulge with a minor fraction of the SG of about 2%–3%.