bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): A Study of the Application of Information Systems in the Auto Parts Industry Supply Chain
Authors: Okano Marcelo T.  , Vendrametto Oduvaldo  , Simões Eliane  , Fernandes Marcelo Eloy
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, the Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) is considered an indispensable tool for interchanging data and transactions between auto parts and vehicle companies. Since the decade of 80, the EDI was adopted by automobile industry and this process was led by vehicles manufacturers that had determined the adoption of this system for their supcliers. This research carried through an exploratory survey, to analyze how the implantation and use of the EDI, in the automobile industry, has been occurred, under the point of view of small and average companies of the sector, having observed positive and negative aspects associated to the implantation through five theoretical models that deal with the EDI and the Interorganizational Systems (IOS). Regarding to the stage of implementation of the EDI (model of Lummus & Duclus) it was observed that the companies are in the period of transaction, with low level of integration with internal systems. The amplitude of partners (model of Tuunainem) with that the companies carry through EDI are small, and the type of appropriation (model of Subramani) is exploitation. The analysis of the interorganizacionais relations (model of Bensaou and Venkatraman) disclosed that much few areas use this technology, and that the vehicle manufacturer use the coercitive power in the implantation process. Although this, the interviewed ones consider that exists reliable in the relation b its companies and vehicle manufacturer. Based on this survey, we verified that the characteristics and benefits gotten with the use of systems EDI for the studied companies of auto parts are very small, compared with the models.
High-Pressure Microwave Curing Technology for Advanced Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
Authors: Zhou Jing  , Li Yingguang  , Hao Xiaozhong  , Li Nanya
Published: February 2025

Fiber reinforced polymer composites with their outstanding performance are increasingly used in aerospace products. Currently aeronautical composites are mainly fabricated using autoclave curing technologies, but the long cure cycle, high energy consumption and large temperature gradients in composite thickness seriously restrict its further development in materials processing. As an alternative, microwave curing technology can realize a fast and energy saving curing process with less temperature gradients, and gains more and more interests in recent years. However, it was found that the microwave cured composites have very high void contents, which directly leads to huge reductions in mechanical properties. To solve this problem, a high-pressure microwave curing method was proposed in this paper. Several key technologies about the associated equipment have been introduced. Experimental results indicated that the composite voids have been significantly eliminated, and the mechanical properties of high-pressure microwave cured composites are comparable to those of autoclave cured counterparts.
Economic Analysis of the Helical Form Grinding Process
Authors: Hart P.W.  , Morgan M.N.
Published: February 2025

There would be real benefit to industry should an efficient and economic appraisal methodology be established that can be carried out on a standard and commonly available grinding machine that would allow independent assessment of grinding process variables and technologies and provide industrial users with the data that they need for process improvements or design. One of the steps in assessing changes in grinding process variables or different technologies used in grinding is to evaluate the associated costs. New technologies can sometimes have a high purchase price that can be make it hard to convince manufacturers to test how they perform. Performing an economic analysis can show if the new technology or different process parameters can give an advantage despite higher purchase cost. Both quality of the workpiece and costs need to be considered when choosing the optimum operating conditions for a process. Typically, manufacturers would choose quality of the workpiece as the first requirement to be meet, followed by minimum cost. It may be possible to produce acceptable quality over a range of process parameters. Once the parameter ranges are known an economic analysis can be performed over the ranges to find the minimum cost. This paper breaks down the costs associated with helical form grinding processes. The cost areas covered are grinding wheel, grinding fluid, machine cost and labour. Form grinding of helical screw compressor rotors using dressable grinding wheels can have additional costs due to the dressing methods used to establish an accurate form on the grinding wheel.
Optimization of Friction Stir Welding of 5083-H321 Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Singh Hari  , Kundu Jitender
Published: February 2025

The aluminium alloy 5083-H321 sheets are selected for joining through Friction stir welding with a cylindrical pin profile stirring tool. Four different process parameters—rotational speed, traverse speed, tool tilt angle and Initial heating time (dwell time)—have been investigated by conducting experiments using central composite design. Empirical relationship between the process parameters and the response—tensile strength—is developed through response surface methodology. The developed model reveals that traverse speed and dwell time have a more dominating effect on the selected response as compared to the other process parameters.
Experimental Ultrasonic Consolidation of FBGs in Aluminum
Authors: Mekid S.  , Daraghma H.
Published: February 2025

Experimental tests have been conducted to investigate the ultrasonic consolidation process of fiber optics inside Aluminum. It allows surface embedding of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) to protect them from exposure to open environment. This particular process requests small amount of heat created at the contact interface to embed the fibers. Extensive experiments were carried out to understand the process of ultrasonic consolidation and the effect of its related parameters such as waves amplitude and welding time on the process with a selected host material e.g. aluminum. The ultrasonic frequency was kept constant throughout the tests.
An Application of Space Shift Keying for Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access to Improve Spectrum Efficiency
Authors: Yang Yuchen  , Su Xin
Published: February 2025

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) achieved the high throughput by introducing the power domain multiplexing. To improve the spectral efficiency of conventional NOMA scheme, we introduce the spatial domain to NOMA and the proposed scheme is proved has superior performance in spectral efficiency, compared with conventional space shift keying (SSK). The result of simulation confirms that the proposed scheme effectively improve the performance in the aspect of spectral efficiency.
Detection of Abnormal Region for Pest Prediction in Paddy Field
Authors: Chen Tean  , Na In Seop  , Baek Sun Wook  , Lee Kyeong-Hwan
Published: February 2025

The aim of this study is to design, implement and evaluate an image-based software solution for automatic detection of abnormal on paddy fields that damages by insects, diseases. The methodology of the proposed is composed of third phases. This content is a combined approach for the segmentation of images. In the first phase, watershed segmentation algorithm, second phases, using the K-means clustering algorithm and final in the third phases reducing noise in image gradients. We have taken paddy filed images as a case study and evaluated the proposed approach using abnormal area paddy field images for the pest prediction. In experimental results, indicate that the proposed approach can automatic detection and of abnormal area on paddy fields for the pest prediction. In conclusion, the proposed methods show that detect abnormal region efficiently.
Creation of Communication Groups Using Sound of Smartphones
Authors: Moriyama Satoshi  , Takahashi Junji  , Tobe Yoshito
Published: February 2025

The development of capable smartphones and other portable devices has ushered new ways of communication and collaboration. For example, smartphones are widely used for sharing files with friends and colleagues at meeting or a conference. In this case, conventionally, short-range radio, such as Bluetooth or Wi-Fi are used. Encrypted data can be send via Bluetooth radio and be received by any devices in a 10m distance. In public places, this increases the likelihood of security breach and communication eavesdrop as the data may be intercepted by any device within range. In this paper, we propose to improve security by controlling the communication range via acoustic waves. Unlike radio waves, acoustic waves' propagation range can be controlled by modifying their amplitude; thus, it is possible to reduce the data sharing range specifically to a range of a specific device. Our preliminary tests by sharing data between two Nexus 5 smartphones indicate that it is possible to unidirectional control the sharing range while sharply reducing any possibility to eavesdrop on the communication. This increased the communication security since only devices within the specified range and direction were aware of the data sharing.
Islamic State's Weapons of Mass Destruction Capability: An Open Source Intelligence Approach
Authors: Dukić Simeon
Published: February 2025

Countering the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction to non-state groups has been a crucial goal for the international community in preserving global peace and stability. Nevertheless, recent allegations suggest that radical jihadi groups have gained access and used unconventional weapons in the Middle East. Namely, there are statements and reports by intelligence officers, politicians and experts that the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant has gained access to internationally prohibited weapons. By systematically using open source intelligence (OSINT) this paper will assess Islamic State's weapons of mass destruction capability. It will look at allegations in relation to the possession and use of weapons of mass destruction. It will argue that open source information reveals that the group has produced and employed crude forms of sulphur mustard. Moreover, it will show, based on two case studies that OSINT provides valuable information in examining incidents where chemical weapons have likely been used. Before presenting its arguments and findings the paper briefly defines open source intelligence and analyses areas where it provides value. It also examines ISIL's intentions to develop and utilize weapons of mass destruction.
Synthetic Biology, Microbiology, DIY Bio, …: How Easy It Is to Create a Bio Threat
Authors: Baldo Veronica
Published: February 2025

Men have always tried to improve their own lifestyle taking advantage of and adapting natural resources to their needs. This happened also with living organisms. Starting from farming and breeding, developments brought about the ability of knowingly modifying the organisms' DNA that contains the instructions to grow and develop every living organism, arising genetic engineer, biotechnology and synthetic biology. Synthetic biology, in particular, is a multidisciplinary area that allows the creation of artificial living organisms starting from synthetically produced DNA material. This ability could be used for good or malicious purposes, rising dual use issues. This scenario has been complicated by the DoItYourself-biology (DIY-Bio) movement's birth, because this is spreading the use of biotechnology beyond the traditional academic and industrial institutions and into the lay public, increasing concerns about biosafety, biosecurity and ethics, even though it has been shown that working with living organisms, especially to create a biothreat, is not that effortless. The continuous improvements of synthetic biology and DIY-bio should be strictly monitored and regulated in order to guarantee a safe and secure world.
Protein Synthesis Based Discretization Method for Knowledge Discovery
Authors: Pandey Subhash Chandra
Published: February 2025

Pattern mining and knowledge discovery is an important area of research especially for the huge temporal dataset. The present paper discusses a biologically inspired classification method which would help discovering meaningful hidden pattern in dataset for classification. The process emulates the protein synthesis methodology based on the information encoded in the DNA/RNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid/Ribo Nucleic Acid) sequences which encompasses three stages i.e., transcription, splicing and translation. More specifically, we consider a knowledge discovery paradigm (classifying humanoid robot gestures correctly) and formulate an algorithm which is based on protein synthesis mechanism. Our proposed algorithm allows true exploratory knowledge discovery, which is time efficient and robust and require simple input data format than the conventional algorithms.
Quantum Annealing and the Satisfiability Problem
Authors: Pudenz Kristen L.  , Tallant Gregory S.  , Belote Todd R.  , Adachi Steven H.
Published: February 2025

The utility of satisfiability (SAT) as an application focused hard computational problem is well established. We explore the potential of quantum annealing to enhance classical SAT solving, especially where sampling from the space of all possible solutions is of interest. We address the formulation of SAT problems to make them suitable for commercial quantum annealers, practical concerns in their implementation, and how the performance of the resulting quantum solver compares to and complements classical SAT solvers.
Exascale Co-Design Progress and Accomplishments
Authors: Ang James A.  , Cook Jeanine  , Domino Stefan P.  , Glass Micheal W.  , Hammond Simon D.  , Hemmert K. Scott  , Heroux Michael A.  , Hoekstra Robert J.  , Laros III James H.  , Lin Paul T.  , Nam Hai Ah  , Neely Robert  , Rodrigues Arun F.  , Trott Christian R.  , Voskuilen Gwendolyn R.
Published: February 2025

This paper focuses primarily on Sandia National Laboratories' Advanced Simulation and Computing (ASC) program progress and accomplishments to support transformative co-design, but also includes the collaborative efforts with Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The goal of transformative co-design is to develop future hardware and system architecture designs that ease the burden on ASC application, algorithm and system software developers. We describe the impact of Sandia's architectural simulation framework, the Structural Simulation Toolkit (SST), presenting case studies for co-design analysis that include: analysis of multi-level DRAM memory in the ASC Trinity Cray XC40 platform, modern interconnect scaling and photonic networks. The SST analysis capability has also been a useful vehicle for vendor collaborations and has been used to provide concrete recommendations for how optical device and interconnection network designs can address HPC needs. We describe the deployment and impact of our ASC advanced architecture test beds. We also describe our development of a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) application, and the associated Kokkos programming model abstractions to achieve performance portability on diverse advanced architectures. Finally, we describe our most recent efforts in performance analysis for next generation architectures.
Intelligent Image Retrieval via Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Kumar Singh Rajeev  , Agrawal Suchitra  , Pratap Singh Uday  , Jain Sanjeev
Published: February 2025

With increase in amount of multimedia content, there arises need to retrieve it from database effectively. Several techniques have been introduced to deal with the situation efficiently. Such methods are known as Image Retrieval methods. This chapter focuses on brief review of different content based and sketch based image retrieval systems. Along with existing techniques, it also covers about what further can be achieved with these systems.
Evaluation of Hardened and Non-Hardened Regions Using Eddy Current Testing
Authors: Sakai Kenji  , Ito Takahiro  , Kiwa Toshihiko  , Tsukada Keiji
Published: February 2025

A steel plate having hardened and non-hardened regions in one plate is promising material in automobile field owing to its high performance. This steel plate has to be evaluated whether the non-hardened region was prepared properly at the desired position with desired hardness. However, the conventional evaluation method of hardness measurement is destructive testing and requires a long inspection time. Therefore, a reliable and fast nondestructive inspection method is required. In this study, the hardened and non-hardened regions were evaluated using an eddy current testing (ECT) to distinguish each region. The measured resistivity and permeability at each region were different and these differences were found to be caused by the crystal structure change of heat treatment. Therefore, the magnetic response between the hardened and non-hardened regions was different and this difference was correlated with the hardness of each region. These results indicate that the hardened and non-hardened regions can be distinguished using ECT.
Design of an UHF Antenna Insensitive to the Concrete Dielectric Characteristics
Authors: Richard Théo  , Latrach Mohamed  , Ihamouten Amine  , Borderon Caroline  , Gundel Hartmut W.  , Derobert Xavier
Published: February 2025

In this communication, we present a design methodology for an insensitive radiating structure for concrete health monitoring applications. It takes advantage of an optimized smaller vacuum box surrounding a patch antenna. The Ansys HFSS software is used to simulate the studies of different configurations. The patch antenna consists of a radiating metallic element with a ground plane printed on a low-cost FR4 substrate. It is optimized to be linearly polarized and to be able to operate in free space medium at the first two resonant frequencies of 1.55 GHz and 1.95 GHz. This study demonstrates that a 5 mm high vacuum box above main radiating antenna, is sufficient to reduce the influence of three surrounding dielectric materials studied in this work, such as a PVC, concrete and limestone. Theoretical predictions, for all types of surrounded materials, show reasonably good agreement with experimental results.
Time Domain Finite Element Modelling of Pulsed Meander Coil Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer
Authors: Ratnam Dhayalan  , Kuamr Anish  , Bhagi Purna Chandra Rao
Published: February 2025

This work describes development of a pulsed meander coil Electromagnetic Acoustic Transducer (EMAT) that simultaneously generates Rayleigh, longitudinal waves and shear vertical waves. A two stage finite element model of Meander coil EMAT transmitter is developed to study the propagation of these sound waves in nonmagnetic material. First, a 2D electromagnetic model is developed for calculating the Lorentz force density, which is the driving force for sound wave generation within the material. Second, the calculated force at each point in the material is utilized as the input for generating sound wave modes. Meander coil EMATs of different coil spacings are developed and experimental investigations are carried out. The measurements compare favorably with the model predictions presented here.
A Parallel Module for Multiblock Structured Grids in JASMIN and Its Applications
Authors: Guo Hong  , Zhang Aiqing  , Mo Zeyao
Published: February 2025

Multiblock structured grids is widely used in numerical simulations with complex geometries. Multiblock structured grids can provide the geometrical flexibility and retain a low computational cost. However, high performance computations of large-scale realistic applications using multiblock structured grids technique under distributed memory systems face several communication challenges. A proper method that specifies the connectivity among so many blocks of structured grids may be a challenge in large-scale simulations. A proper communication schedule among a large number of subdomains may be another challenge. To solve the communication challenges broadly existing in multiblock structured grids parallel computing, a parallel module for multiblock structured grids computing has been designed and implemented in JASMIN infrastructure. The parallel module consists of a blocks' relationship description algorithm and a unified communication schedule. Meanwhile, by encapsulating parallel computing strategies, such as distributed storage, data communications, etc. and providing standard interfaces, this module can help user conveniently realize multiblock structured grids parallel computing. According to our test results, applications based on this module can be run efficiently on thousands of processor cores, which prove the module's satisfying parallel computing performance.
Improving the Performance of Parallel SpMV Operations on NUMA Systems with Adaptive Load Balancing
Authors: Neugebauer Christian  , Berrendorf Rudolf  , Mannuss Florian
Published: February 2025

For a parallel Sparse Matrix Vector Multiply (SpMV) on a multiprocessor, rather simple and efficient work distributions often produce good results. In cases where this is not true, adaptive load balancing can improve the balance and performance. This paper introduces a low overhead framework for adaptive load balancing of parallel SpMV operations. It uses statistical filters to gather relevant runtime performance data and detects an imbalance situation. Three different algorithms were compared that adaptively balance the load with high quality and low overhead. Results show that for sparse matrices, where the adaptive load balancing was enabled, an average speedup of 1.15 (regarding the total execution time) could be achieved with our best algorithm over 4 different matrix formats and two different NUMA systems.
Dynamic Load Balancing of Monte Carlo Particle Transport Applications on HPC Clusters
Authors: Gonçalves Thomas  , Pérache Marc  , Desprez Frédéric  , Méhaut Jean-François
Published: February 2025

High energy physic scientists are strongly concerned by numerical simulations and High Performance Computing. In the field of numerical simulation, particle transport is known to be a hard problem especially when Monte Carlo solvers are used. These applications are difficult to parallelize and optimize due to the non determinism of the Monte Carlo approach. These simulations have to manage the transport of several billions of particles. Application developers have also to deal with memory consumption in order to fit into the memory available per computing node and they have to balance the workload among clusters nodes.
Enabling Application-Integrated Proactive Fault Tolerance
Authors: Yang Dai  , Weidendorfer Josef  , Trinitis Carsten  , Küstner Tilman  , Ziegler Sibylle
Published: February 2025

Exascale computing is the next major milestone for the HPC community. Due to a steadily increasing probability of failures, current applications must be made malleable to be able to cope with dynamic resource changes. In this paper, we show first results with LAIK, a lightweight library for dynamically re-distributable application data. This allows to free compute nodes from workload before a predicted failure. For a real-world application, we show that LAIK adds negligible overhead. In addition, we show the effect of different re-distribution strategies.
Parallel IO in the LFRic Infrastructure
Authors: Adams Samantha V.  , Abramkina Olga  , Meurdesoif Yann  , Rezny Mike
Published: February 2025

This paper describes an investigation into parallel IO using the XIOS framework with the Met Office LFRic Infrastucture. LFRic is currently in development as the replacement for the Met Office Unified Model to enable weather and climate modelling on HPC platforms of the next decade. This will involve running models on hundreds of thousands of cores, therefore a key aspect of the LFRic project is scalability. At this scale, IO is likely to be problematic so LFRic has been exploring the XIOS parallel IO framework as a solution. The purpose of our preliminary experiments was twofold. Firstly, to assess general scalability of our benchmark model using XIOS for parallel output. Secondly, to explore tuning of this benchmark according to some XIOS and Lustre metrics. We successfully ran jobs on up to 82,944 cores on our Cray XC40 machine and found that XIOS was able to efficiently write to one output file whilst still showing scalability with respect to runtime. An investigation into Lustre file striping parameters showed that, with appropriate striping, we could use fewer IO servers than our original guess and still maintain a good performance.
Bridging the Gap Between Software and Hardware Designers Using High-Level Synthesis
Authors: Pilato Christian
Published: February 2025

Modern Systems-on-Chip (SoC) architectures and CPU+FPGA computing platforms are moving towards heterogeneous systems featuring an increasing number of hardware accelerators. These specialized components can deliver energy-efficient high performance, but their design from high-level specifications is usually very complex. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how to design and optimize such components to implement the desired functionality.
Memetic Phase Retrieval and HPC for the Imaging of Matter at Atomic Resolution
Authors: Colombo Alessandro  , De Caro Liberato  , Galli Davide Emilio
Published: February 2025

Memetic Algorithms represent one of the most promising implementation of Evolutionary Algorithms. Their strength resides in the ability to exploit stochastic and deterministic optimization methods at the same time. A Memetic Algorithm has been applied to the phase retrieval problem in the field of Coherent Diffraction Imaging, called Memetic Phase Retrieval; it represents a significant improvement in the imaging of matter via coherent diffraction experiments. Memetic Phase Retrieval requires the latest High Performance Computing resources, due to the high dimensionality of the problem and the involvement of the Fourier Transform: an efficient parallel implementation, able to fully exploit multi-core and multi-node hardware, is needed. The implementation of Memetic Phase Retrieval, which exploits the hybrid OpenMP/MPI parallel programming paradigm, along with MPI Remote Memory Access communications, is presented. Its scaling performances on the recent Intel's Knights Landing hardware are shown.
Towards a Software Transactional Memory for Heterogeneous CPU-GPU Processors
Authors: Villegas Alejandro  , Navarro Angeles  , Asenjo Rafael  , Plata Oscar
Published: February 2025

The heterogeneous Accelerated Processing Units (APUs) integrate a multi-core CPU and a GPU within the same chip. Modern APUs provide the programmer with platform atomics, used to communicate the CPU cores with the GPU using simple atomic datatypes. However, ensuring consistency for complex data types is a task delegated to programmers, who have to implement a mutual exclusion mechanism. Transactional Memory (TM) is an optimistic approach to implement mutual exclusion. With TM, shared data can be accessed by multiple computing threads speculatively, but changes are only visible if a transaction ends with no conflict with others in its memory accesses. TM has been studied and implemented in software and hardware for both CPU and GPU platforms, but an integrated solution has not been provided for APU processors.
Edge-as-a-Service: Towards Distributed Cloud Architectures
Authors: Varghese Blesson  , Wang Nan  , Li Jianyu  , Nikolopoulos Dimitrios S.
Published: February 2025

We present an Edge-as-a-Service (EaaS) platform for realising distributed cloud architectures and integrating the edge of the network in the computing ecosystem. The EaaS platform is underpinned by (i) a lightweight discovery protocol that identifies edge nodes and make them publicly accessible in a computing environment, and (ii) a scalable resource provisioning mechanism for offloading workloads from the cloud on to the edge for servicing multiple user requests. We validate the feasibility of EaaS on an online game use-case to highlight the improvement in the QoS of the application hosted on our cloud-edge platform. On this platform we demonstrate (i) low overheads of less than 6%, (ii) reduced data traffic to the cloud by up to 95% and (iii) minimised application latency between 40%-60%.
Untold New Beginnings: Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Teixeira Catia M.  , Pallas-Bazarra Noemí  , Bolós Marta  , Terreros-Roncal Julia  , Ávila Jesús  , Llorens-Martín María
Published: February 2025

Neurogenesis occurs in a limited number of brain regions during adulthood. Of these, the hippocampus has attracted great interest due to its involvement in memory processing. Moreover, both the hippocampus and the main area that innervates this structure, namely the entorhinal cortex, show remarkable atrophy in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a process that continuously gives rise to newborn granule neurons in the dentate gyrus. These cells coexist with developmentally generated granule neurons in this structure, and both cooperative and competition phenomena regulate the communication between these two types of cells. Importantly, it has been revealed that GSK-3β and tau proteins, which are two of the main players driving AD pathology, are cornerstones of adult hippocampal neurogenesis regulation. We have shown that alterations either promoting or impeding the actions of these two proteins have detrimental effects on the structural plasticity of granule neurons. Of note, these impairments occur both under basal conditions and in response to detrimental and neuroprotective stimuli. Thus, in order to achieve the full effectiveness of future therapies for AD, we propose that attention be turned toward identifying the pathological and physiological actions of the proteins involved in the pathogenesis of this condition.
Final Parallel and Distributed Computing Assignment for Master Students: Description of the Properties and Parallel Structure of Algorithms
Authors: Voevodin Vladimir
Published: February 2025

This article presents an idea and structure for a final practical assignment on parallel computing, which was given to Master's degree students at the end of their studies at the MSU Faculty of Computational Mathematics and Cybernetics in the fall semester of 2016. The main objective of the assignment is to teach students to follow a proper approach to describing algorithm parallel structure and properties, which is the key link in the supercomputer co-design chain. In spite of the fact that the assignment was challenging and labor-intensive, for both students and teachers, we rate this experiment as a highly successful one. This assignment is extremely useful, relevant and important, particularly at the end of the education, as it requires joining individual elements of knowledge and skills that students have previously acquired during various courses.
The Day After: Where Will ISIS Regroup?
Authors: Karmon Eli
Published: February 2025

This is an updated and extended article of the one published by Britain Israel Communications and Research Centre (BICOM), October 10, 2017. The US-led coalition and Russia, Iran and its proxies have systematically decimated the ranks of ISIS's local and foreign fighters, during the battles for the liberation of ISIS strongholds of Mosul, Raqqa and other minor cities in Syria and Iraq.
Knowledge-Based Smart System Core for a Globally Connected Cyber-Physical System with Industrial Security Application
Authors: Dimitrov Lubomir  , Grantcharov Alexander
Published: February 2025

As the industrial processes and their control are transitioning to their so called 4.0 version, we are witnessing a dramatic increase in disruptive or destructive attacks on those installations. Naturally, the global connectivity of the Industry 4.0 sensors and actuators, and the use of the Internet as the transfer medium for both the data acquisition and the control signalling, make modern systems conveniently more attackable, than they used to be. The system, which we propose with this paper, might still be a stretch of imagination, but it could be that extra layer of intelligence over a SCADA system, which could bring an agile security functionality to withstand the most common types of cyber-attacks.
Cyber-Risk Analysis and Security in Supply Chain Management Based on ICT Systems
Authors: Labadi Karim  , Darcherif A.-Moumen  , El Abbassi Ikram  , Hamaci Samir
Published: February 2025

Supply chains are becoming more global, complex and increasingly vulnerable. Specifically, the latest evolution of the modern supply chains creates crucial cyber-risks and cyber-security challenges. Nowadays, supply chain risk managers need methods and tools for control, analysis, risk mitigation and managing of their cyber vulnerabilities. In this context, cyber-risk modeling and analysis in supply chain has become one of the major research subjects. The first part of this chapter provides a survey of the field and investigates the use of Petri Nets as a tool for modeling and performance analysis of supply chains, as well as their great potential for supply chain risk analysis. The second part of this work is dedicated to our contributions for modeling and performance evaluation of supply chain networks by using discrete event dynamic approaches. Based on the modeling and performance analysis power of Batch Deterministic and Stochastic Petri nets (BDSPN) for supply chain and logistic systems, two original risk-modeling approaches are introduced for this emerging research topic.
Cyberspace and Cyber Warfare
Authors: Lehto Martti
Published: February 2025

This chapter describes and evaluates the cyber world, including its phenomena, from a strategic perspective. As no universally accepted definitions for the cyber world exist, associated literature and publications address it in many ways. This chapter depicts the standards-based risk model, cyber operations and cyberweaponry, as well as the critical structures of society as the targets. Moreover, cyber security definitions and a five-layer model of cyber threats, which include cyber vandalism, cybercrime, cyber intelligence, cyberterrorism and cyberwarfare are provided.
Blockchain-Based Cloud Manufacturing: Decentralization
Authors: Barenji Ali Vatankhah  , Guo Hanyang  , Tian Zonggui  , Li Zhi  , Wang W.M.  , Huang George Q.
Published: February 2025

Recently, there has been growing interest in the field of cloud manufacturing (CM) amongst researchers in the manufacturing community. Cloud manufacturing is a customer-driven manufacturing model that was inspired by cloud computing, and its major objective was to provide ubiquitous on-demand access to services. However, the current CM architecture suffers from problems that are associated with a centralized based industrial network framework and third part operation. In a nutshell, centralized networking has had issues with flexibility, efficiency, availability, and security. Therefore, this paper aims to tackle these problems by introducing an ongoing project to a decentralized network architecture for cloud manufacturing which is based on the blockchain technology. In essence, this research paper introduces the blockchain technology as a decentralized peer to peer network for multiple cloud manufacturing providers.
Towards Semantic Interoperability Approach to Support the Calibration Process of Electronic Engine Management System
Authors: Adamczyk Bruno Sérgio  , Szejka Anderson Luis  , Canciglieri Junior Osiris  , da Silva Junior Olício
Published: February 2025

Both hardware and software of vehicle electronic systems have reached new levels of technology. Every day, new features are added to make vehicles interconnected, efficient, reliable and safer. Regarding engine control, the Electronic Engine Management System (EEMS) must assume safe operating modes to protect both hardware and customers' life. Calibration is the key to engine control and mistakes can lead to inconsistencies, misinterpretations and consequently to fail, representing potential risks for human lives and enormous costs for vehicle manufactures. Calibration does not only care for engine functions, it has other roles that have a direct impact on personal safety concerning vehicle behavior, energy efficiency and emissions, all of them have global impacts. Engine calibration is complex, since it is multi domain, multivariable and deal with cross requirements along its PDP. Calibrations requirements start within an abstraction high level which has to be broken down to successor steps, thus requiring interoperability throughout heterogeneous experts groups that share information and formally represent common vocabulary. Both efficiency and effectiveness can be reached by mapping and solving problems with cross requirements and semantic issues throughout the calibration process. This research demonstrates towards of a conceptual semantic interoperability approach to support the EEMS calibration process, studying alternatives for information representation that can provide interoperability among communications and new representation levels in the form of a well-defined semantic language. The results demonstrate methodologies capable of dealing with problems such as cross domain/requirements issues, knowledge representation and decision making, qualitatively choosing the most suitable techniques.
Intellectual Property Protection and Licensing of 3D Print with Blockchain Technology
Authors: Engelmann Felix  , Holland Martin  , Nigischer Christopher  , Stjepandić Josip
Published: February 2025

Within the “Industrie 4.0” approach, 3D printing technology is characterized as one of the disruptive innovations. Conventional supply chains are replaced by value-added networks. The spatially distributed development of printed components, e.g. for the rapid delivery of spare parts, creates a new challenge when differentiating between “original part”, “copy” or “counterfeit” becomes necessary. This is especially true for safety-critical products. Based on these changes classicly branded products adopt the characteristics of licensing models as we know them in the areas of software and digital media. This paper describes the use of digital rights management as a key technology for the successful transition to Additive Manufacturing methods and a key for its commercial implementation and the prevention of intellectual property theft. Risks will be identified along the process chain and solution concepts are presented. These are currently being developed by an 8-partner project named SAMPL (Secure Additive Manufacturing Platform).
Conceptual and Detailed Design Knowledge Management in Customized Production – Industrial Perspective
Authors: Pokojski Jerzy  , Oleksiński Konrad  , Pruszyński Jarosław
Published: February 2025

The current market situation forces companies that deal with a small scale, dedicated production to meet the needs and demands of their customers quickly. Usually, the products must be designed to fulfil a certain set of requirements. Additional conditions necessary to meet are also the limitations resulting from law regulations related to the environmental, safety, maintenance and recycling matters. The imposed requirements are very often contradictory. In such a case the design process is an attempt to find a rational compromise. Especially for small companies to fulfil all the mentioned conditions is very difficult. As the result, the engineers have to take into consideration a much wider scope of tasks and responsibilities which are related to different areas of knowledge. Not always the knowledge of particular area is mastered to the extent that allows them to move freely within it. In such situations engineers are willing to use personal knowledge and experiments as the basic sources of design information. The exchange of opinions, joint evaluation of concepts and detailed solutions as well as long-term and short-term close teamwork are also often observed. Currently, there are no generally widespread computer tools to support the processes characterised above. The authors introduce a proposal of the application that supports solving of this class problem based on the modelled, acquired and stored knowledge. The work presents the characteristic and the range of supported engineering processes. Next, the concept and the construction of the software as well as its functioning on real examples, which derive from industrial practice, are presented.
Development of Working-Posture Monitoring System for Ergonomic Manufacturing Work Environment
Authors: Ito Teruaki  , Kamat Seri Rahayu  , Fukumi Minoru  , Ani Mohammad Firdaus
Published: February 2025

Ergonomic consideration on workers in manufacturing work has been attracted attention by industries. Physical safety and mental stability, which would be offered to workers by a well-designed ergonomic work environment, could not only provide job satisfaction to the workers, but also could enhance productivity in manufacturing work. This study develops a prototype monitoring system of ergonomic working posture in a manufacturing work environment. The methodology of this monitoring system is based on the experimental observation using an experimental tool of X-box cameras controlled by XAMPP software to monitor the posture of workers. As for the ergonomic environment measurement, the system installs the five types of instrumental sensors, which include sound, light, temperature, vibration and indoor air quality. Capturing the body posture of subjects, the system measures the frequency of body bending, the angle of body bending and the time period of the same position kept by the body. Potentially useful several parameters are used in the experiments of this study. These parameters include temperature, light, vibration, body posture, indoor air quality and noise. The parameters are captured in analogue signals, which can be converted to digital signals by a signal converter. The analysis of worker posture on RULA (Right Upper Limb Assessment) was also conducted by using several software tools. Reviewing the experimental results using the monitoring system in a manufacturing industry at welding assembly section, this paper shows the feasibility of the proposed system.
An Independent Power Cell for Energy Generation from Residual Frying Oil
Authors: Porte Anderson F.  , Rocha Carlos R.  , Galarça Marcelo M.
Published: February 2025

An independent energy generation cell is proposed. This cell is composed by a biodiesel production microplant, which is coupled to a 4kVA Diesel generator. Residual frying oil is used as raw material to produce the biodiesel. It was verified that the system is a solution for decentralized energy generation, suitable for cooperatives and small rural communities. Also, it can be an income source for economically/socially vulnerable communities, through the establishment of cooperatives to collect the residual frying oil and produce biodiesel and derivatives as glycerin. Regarding environmental aspects, this power generation cell provides a way to correctly dispose a pollutant urban waste. This work concerns the development of a prototype and a test bench, which constitutes a multidisciplinary project, serving as a laboratory for research, learning and integrating different industrial technologies.
A Critical Review of Industrial Symbiosis Models
Authors: Scafà Martina  , Marconi Marco  , Germani Michele
Published: February 2025

The growing attention on sustainable development themes, in line with an increasing awareness of the exhaustibility of natural resources, has made the traditional linear economic model obsolete. Therefore, the concept of “Circular Economy” was developed to favour products and materials recovery and regeneration. To this end Industrial Symbiosis represents a promising approach to foster the transformation towards this type of economy, based on resource efficiency, sustainable manufacturing, materials, energy, water and/or by-products exchange and sharing between different companies. In this context, the aim of this paper is to present a classification and a critical discussion about existing industrial symbiosis models. According to the presented literature review, industrial symbiosis can be realized thorough the implementation of three different models: (i) industrial symbiosis districts that develop from a bottom-up approach and are based on resources sharing and materials exchanging, (ii) eco-industrial parks that develop from a top down approach and are determined by eco-sustainable infrastructures and systems, and (iii) networks for industrial symbiosis that evolve through cognitive/relational tools and are based on resources supply and demand intersection. The final objective of this study is to evaluate strengths and weaknesses of each model, to explore the applicability in real contexts, and to identify potential economic and environmental benefits (e.g. reduction of polluting emissions and landfilled wastes, economic savings due to reuse of scraps, energy sharing). The study concludes by identifying research gaps, reflecting on possible application of industrial symbiosis and proposing suggestions for future work.
Towards the Democratisation of Design: Exploration of Variability in the Process of Filament Deposition Modelling in Desktop Additive Manufacture
Authors: Goudswaard Mark  , Hicks Ben  , Nassehi Aydin
Published: February 2025

This paper seeks to increase the knowledge surrounding the Filament Deposition Modelling (FDM) process by eliciting the variability in mechanical properties of printed parts. These findings are then applied in a manner that would permit the design and manufacture of parts with reliable properties. In doing this, this paper first indentifies the need to better understand the FDM manufacturing process and then defines and contextualises the work with respect to the democratisation of design and trans-disciplinary engineering. It then reviews existing literature that covers the mechanical properties of parts manufactured via FDM. Results from tensile tests showed a large variation (17%) in Ultimate Tensile Stength (UTS) of identical parts. Given this variation the paper explores whether relationships exist between mechanical properties and other part properties as a means to non-destructively determine a manufactured part's UTS. As a consequence of null hypothesis regarding the aforementioned relationships, fluctuations in extruder temperature are identified as a possible cause for the high variability and subsequently characterised via thermal imaging. This characterisation reveals a correlation between variation in UTS and temperature fluctuations that is found to be consistent with existing literature. Correspondingly, data from the tensile tests is presented as a statistical model that can be used to predict confidence in manufacturing a part with acceptable mechanical properties.