bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moving beyond S Minus P Earthquake Locations as “THE” Lab in Seismology Education
Authors: Hubenthal Michael , Taber John
Published: April 2022

Locating earthquakes is an important activity that underpins both seismological research and seismology education broadly. The seismology community tends to view the earthquake location process as a fundamental element of the field, and locating earthquakes is arguably the most common seismology education activity that middle school through introductory college students encounter. As a result, nearly all students’ first, and primary, exposure to the field of seismology consists of paper seismograms, drawing compasses, and 2D maps. This occurs in an era of computers available for every student, high-speed Internet, publicly available digital waveforms, complex algorithms to solve for earthquake locations, and the Next Generation Science Standards driving public education. This article explores the origins of the S minus P location method both as a scientific solution and as an educational activity in Earth Science classrooms, and reflects on technical, pedagogical, and curricular aspects of common implementations, underpinning beliefs, and their implications. From this reflection, three opportunities are identified for the seismology community to expand the seismological horizons of Earth Science students and instructors. These include working with instructors across a range of educational levels to correct the record on how earthquakes are located, to rethink both the content and pedagogy used both to teach about the process of earthquake locations, and to define several key ways the seismology community might lead geoscience educators to move beyond earthquake locations as “THE” seismology lab used with students.
Investigating Student Authenticity and Its Relationship to Well-Being and Flourishing
Authors:   , Smith Justin Christopher , Falletta Salvatore
Published: April 2022

This quantitative, non-experimental study examined the relationship between authenticity and well-being/flourishing in college students at a private, residential 4-year college. For the purposes of this study, authenticity is a tripartite construct comprising an accurate conscious awareness of self, acting congruently with that self, and moderating external influences. The problem addressed by this research focuses on the mental health crisis on college campuses across the country, with anxiety, depression, and stress at much higher rates than ever seen before. Student mental health issues are the primary driver for universities to furnish programs and services focusing on well-being and wellness. Given the lack of research specifically examining the role a residential college setting plays in the relationship between authenticity and flourishing, this study addressed the gap in the literature. Authenticity has been linked to higher rates of mindfulness, vitality, self-esteem, and a host of other positive outcomes. Generally, research has shown a strong correlation between authenticity and well-being. In addition, students who self-report higher well-being tend to have better personal, academic, and professional outcomes. A survey comprising several existing measurements, including the Authenticity Scale, Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF), and PERMA Profiler, examined the relationships among authenticity, well-being, and flourishing in college students. Survey results were analyzed, both in aggregate and based on various socio-demographic factors, using descriptive and inferential statistics. Major findings concluded that levels of authenticity varied among respondents but did not differ significantly among many demographic categories. However, women were statistically less authentic than men in all categories. Cultural, social, and environmental factors in college were moderately correlated with authenticity. In addition, authenticity was correlated with well-being and well-being subfactors. Psychological well-being was moderately predictive of authenticity. Results support the notion that well-being and authenticity are linked while establishing the impact cultural, social, and environmental factors have in a residential college setting.
TRABZON RUMLARI
Authors: İPEK Nedim
Published: April 2022

Fethi müteakip izlenen nüfus politikası sonucu Rumların bir kısmı ülkenin çeşitli bölgelerine sürgün edilirken, başta Orta Karadeniz ve sair yerlerde yaşayan Türkler de Trabzon’a sürgün edildi. Bu uygulamalar sonucu Trabzon’un nüfus yapısı değişmeye başladı. Neticede 19. yüzyılın başında bugünkü Trabzon vilayeti dahilindeki nüfus Ermeni, Rum ve Türklerden oluşmaktaydı. Nüfusun çoğunluğunu Türkler oluşturmaktaydı. Rumlar daha ziyade Trabzon şehri ile Yomra, Maçka ve Akçaabat dahilindeki yerleşmelerde yaşıyorlardı. Bölgenin toprakları verimli olmadığından ahalinin bir kısmı çareyi gurbette buluyordu. Birinci Dünya Savaşı’na kadar Türkler ile Rumlar arasında belgelere yansıyan bir çatışma olmamıştır. Rumlar, Rus işgali ile emperyal güçlerle işbirliği yaparak “Pontus” isimli bir Rum devleti kurmayı hayal ettiler. Bu amaçla genel savaşta Rusya, Milli Mücadele döneminde İtilaf devletleri ile işbirliği yaptılar. Hedeflerine ulaşamayınca Milli Mücadele sonrası çareyi Kafkaslara ve Yunanistan’a firar etmekte buldular. Bütün bu olaylara rağmen yerlerini terk etmeyenler ise mübadele sözleşmesini müteakip Yunanistan’a sevk edildi. Neticede Trabzon’un nüfusu homojen bir hal aldı.
Decision support system for the business process of internal audit of enterprise quality
Authors:   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia, Antonov V.V. , Konev K.A. ,   Ufa State Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia
Published: April 2022

An approach to the application of a situational-ontological methodology for building a decision support system for the subject area of internal audit of enterprise quality is outlined. The problem associated with high requirements for the competence of specialists in this field is noted. For the subject area of internal quality audit, a conceptual model has been developed in the form of its functional diagram. Using the IDEF5 standard, an ontological model of one of the main functions of the quality audit business process has been developed, and an approach to organizing the storage of business process information in a database has been proposed. For the function of classifying the causes of inconsistencies in quality audit, an example of setting up a solver of an intelligent component of a decision support system is given. Significant decision-making points in the business process of quality audit are identified, and the structure of interaction of its participants with the intellectual subsystem of the decision support system is formed. The structure of the intellectual subsystem of the decision support system used in the process of quality audit at the enterprise is proposed.
Algorithm for psycholinguistic analysis of social networks texts using the Big Five Personality Traits
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia, Yarushkina N.G. , Moshkin V.S. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia, Andreev I.A. ,   Ulyanovsk State Technical University, Ulyanovsk, Russia
Published: April 2022

The paper presents an approach to determining the psychological characteristics of a user of social networks through the analysis of text messages in social networks. The proposed approach includes the user's texts classification using machine learning. The results of the analysis of user surveys in accordance with the Big Five model, as well as a set of author's text data from social network pages, are used as training data. The questionnaire contains paired statements, and the respondent determines the degree of their own agreement with one or another statement on a scale from 0 to 4. Natural language text processing (NLP) methods were applied to the text resources used as input data for the classifier, as well as the RuWordNet linguistic ontology, in order to level out a number of features of social network texts, for example, the presence of grammatical errors and emoticons that complicate the process. semantic analysis. Two models were used as classifiers: the support vector machine and the random forest method. The area under the error curve (AUC ROC) metric was used to evaluate performance. The experiments used open text data of more than 1000 users of social networks.
Multispecies stands growth in similar growing conditions on Bolshoy Solovetsky Island
Authors:   Solovetsky Museum Reserve, Sobolev A.N. , Feklistov P.A. ,   Federal Research Center for the Comprehensive Study of the Arctic named after Academician N.P. Laverova, Ural Branch of  the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gryazkin A.V. ,   Saint Petersburg State Forestry University named after I.I. CM. Kirov, Gaevsky N.P. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (NArFU), Barzut O.S. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov (NArFU)
Published: April 2022

A study of forest stands consisting of five different tree species, both native and introduced ones, on Big Solovetsky Island is presented. On the territory of an uncared nursery (established in 1927 by sowing seeds) there exist plantations of Scots pine (Pinus selvestris L.), Siberian stone pine (cedar) (Pinus sibirica Du Tour), Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L.), and Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.). The purpose of our research was to study the growth of different species of the same age in the same growing conditions among blueberry plants. It has been established that the density in stands of different species ranged from 370 to 2970 pieces/ha, while only 4 specimens of Douglas fir survived. The heights and diameters of existing trees were analyzed, as well as the radial growth of 10 accounting trees from each stand on cores (wood samples) taken with an age auger. Radial growth was measured using an MBS-1 microscope with an accuracy of ±0,05 mm. It was found that at the time of the study, stands of different species were 80 years old. All of them had a height within 17,7 ... 18,9 m,and only the Siberian pine was clearly lagging behind in growth. On the contrary, the average diameter differed markedly which was the largest in Siberian larch (20,7 cm), the smallest in Siberian pine (15,8 cm). The Douglas fir has an average diameter of 27 cm, but only 4 specimens of this species have survived and therefore it can be assumed that such a high average diameter is due to the so-called light increment. It is shown that the width of the annual ring on average for the studied period ranged from 0,59 to 1,66 mm. All introduced species (Douglas fir, larch, Siberian pine) had a width of the annual ring greater than native species of pine and spruce. The greatest differences in radial growth were observed at the initial stage of growth. All tree species tend to decrease in radial growth with age. Changes in growth over time are synchronous in Scots pine and Siberian pine; asynchronous changes in spruce and pseudo-hemlock and spruce and larch.
Efficacy of Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation in the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
Authors: ÇANKAYA Musa , CİORBADJİ Maria
Published: April 2022

Urinary Incontinence (UI) is known as voluntary urinary incontinence or involuntary urinary incontinence.UI may be via the urethra or due to the ectopic urethra. Conservative treatment is considered first-line therapy for most urinary incontinence patients, as it has minimal side effects and does not worsen the patient's symptoms. The physiotherapy approach includes bladder training, pelvic floor muscle training, biofeedback, and electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation physiotherapy is one of the methods that can be used for the treatment of UI in clinical practice. Transcutaneous tibial nerve stimulation (TTNS) aims to facilitate the inhibition of the detrusor muscle through electrostimulation in the tibial nerve pathway. TTNS is a simple, non-invasive, well-tolerated technique that is considered a conservative and effective treatment for patients. In addition, it has advantages such as being easy to apply, being easily portable and not causing pain in patients. In the region extending along the posterior tibial nerve above the medial malleolus, an area corresponding to the acupuncture point (spleen-6), aimed at the high response and the traditional relief of various urinary complaints, has been identified. TPTSS is a non-invasive procedure and has no systemic side effects.All researches related to the subject in 2012 (last ten years) and until February 2022 in the determined databases were examined. When searching by typing "tibial nerve and urinary incotinence", 29 studies were found by selecting only titles in advanced searches in PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar.These results have been studied in detail. At the end of the review, seven articles were found to be suitable. TPTSS was used more in studies and compared with placebo or application to another site. In general, the results of the TPTSS group were more significant than the other groups (p
PNF-therapy in complex rehabilitation of individuals with musculoskeletal system disorders
Authors: Begidova Tamara P. , Mukina Ekaterina Y.
Published: April 2022

The subject of the study is the assessment of the integrated application of rehabilitation measures with the use of PNF-therapy in disorders of the musculoskeletal system. The analysis of the available scientific and methodological literature revealed insufficient study and practical implementation of modern rehabilitation techniques for musculoskeletal system disorders of various etiologies, showing the increasing relevance of physical rehabilitation in the modern world. Rehabilitation for chronic diseases of the musculoskeletal system is a continuous process that requires constant adaptation of the methods used to the needs of the person with disabilities. Studies of the effect of PNF-therapy should include: sensorimotor control of limbs, sitting and standing, control of movement coordination, regularity of exercise and health-related quality of life. The data obtained can be used in the practice of teaching students, undergraduates, graduate students and attendees of faculties and retraining and advanced training courses in the field of “Physical education for individuals with disabilities (adaptive physical education)”, as well as instructors in adaptive physical education in the rehabilitation of people with diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Theoretical aspects related to the use of PNF-therapy in the complex rehabilitation of persons with musculoskeletal system lesions are discovered. Forecast of the probable direction of perspective physical rehabilitation development for this contingent is given.
Summary of Prof. Yin’s CSEMV-EVCNA award lecture 2021
Authors: Zhang Ying , Yin Hang
Published: April 2022

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been regarded as influential intracellular delivering parcels that possess tremendous potential because of their strict and complex secretion regulation processes. However, traditional detection methods cannot monitor the secretion of EVs due to their small particle diameters. Inspired by their peculiar diverse appearances and lipid membranes ingredients, we developed an innovative strategy to detect EVs in any kind of fluids by using rationally designed peptide probes that particularly recognize the highly curved surface of EVs. These peptide probes also serve as novel tools to selectively target cancerous cells with specific lipid compositions and distributions. With this strategy, we discovered a series of EV-secreting regulation mechanisms and identified their roles within physiological processes. Recently, we found that the transportation of oligodeoxynucleotides and cell division control protein 42 homolog from TLR9-activated macrophages to naïve cells via EVs exerts synergetic effects in the propagation of the intracellular immune response, which suggests a general mechanism for EV-mediated uptake of pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
Social organisation and parental care in the Western Yellow Robin Eopsaltria griseogularis in Dryandra Woodland, Western Australia
Authors:   Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan QLD 4111, Australia, Donaghey Richard , Donaghey Carolyn
Published: April 2022

We studied the social organisation and parental care in the Western Yellow Robin Eopsaltria griseogularis in Dryandra Woodland, Western Australia. Of the nine territories in our Tomingley study site, five were of breeding pairs and four were of groups, two of which were cooperative groups of three or four individuals attending nestlings and fledglings. The mean height of six nests, all built in Wandoo Eucalyptus wandoo eucalypts, was 2.7 m above the ground. At one nest, diurnal female incubation constancy was 75.5%, duration of incubation sessions averaged 10.8 minutes and absences from the nest 3.5 minutes. Incubation feeding of the female on the nest by the male occurred at a mean rate of 1.7 times per hour. Mean number of food-delivery trips per hour during the nestling period at a nest with four attendants was 27.3 for Days 6–13, and 16.9 at a nest with three attendants for Days 4–14. Nestling diet was mostly soil arthropods, but also included skinks (Scincidae). Of six nests monitored, young fledged at three (a nest success of 75%), one failed, and the outcome for two nests was unknown. The Eastern Yellow Robin E. australis and the Western Yellow Robin have similar social organisation, incubation behaviour and nestling growth, but rates of food delivery to nestlings were far greater in the Western Yellow Robin. Compared with the Eastern Yellow Robin, nest predation is low in both the Western Yellow Robin, despite a high rate of nest visitation, and White-breasted Robin Quoyornis georgianus. These differences in nest predation and predators between eastern and south-western Australia are discussed.
Nanofiber Semiconductor Experiment with Distance Variation Electrospinning Method to Improve DSSC Performance
Authors: Fadli Muhammad Rijalul
Published: April 2022

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is a type of solar cell that uses dyes to transfer sunlight to electrical energy. DSSC construction uses a layered system (sandwich) that consisting of a working electrode and an opposing electrode, both of which are placed on conducting glass and electrolytes to allow electron cycling. This research aims to determine the effect of the distance between the tip and the rotating collector in an effort to increase the efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) and examine its impact on the morphology of the ZnO nanofiber. This experiment is carried out by varying the distance between the tip to the rotating collector, which are 4 cm, 6 cm, and 8 cm. The results of this research indicates that at a distance of 8 cm it produces a small, uniform and regular ZnO nanofiber structure with Voc, Jsc, FF, and DSSC efficiency values of 0.559 V, 9.809 mA / cm2, 43.3% and 2.3%. In addition, at a distance of 8 cm it also produces the highest DSSC electrical efficiency from the other distances due to the absorbance of the dye and high electron excitation.
Safe and Stable Housing for Intimate Partner Violence Survivors, Maryland, 2019‒2020
Authors: Decker Michele R. , Grace Karen Trister , Holliday Charvonne N. , Bevilacqua Kristin G. , Kaur Arshdeep , Miller Janice
Published: April 2022

House of Ruth Maryland is a comprehensive intimate partner violence (IPV) service provider. Our academic‒practitioner partnership conducted a prospective, quasi-experimental evaluation (n = 70) of on-site transitional housing and community-based rapid rehousing to meet the safety and stability needs of individuals made homeless because of IPV. By 6-month follow-up, both IPV revictimization and housing instability significantly improved (P < .001). Housing supports through an IPV service provider advanced the dual goals of safety and housing stability for IPV survivors. Safe, affordable housing is an IPV prevention strategy. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(6):865–870. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2022.306728 )
Vaginal agenesis and vaginal dilation: an individualized approach using three-dimensional (3D) printer molds.
Authors: Fernandes Marina Silva , Takano Claudia Cristina , Chrispin Thyeres Teixeira Bueno , Marquini Gisele Vissoci , Girão Manoel João Batista Castello , Sartori Marair Gracio Ferreira
Published: April 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of vaginal molds, made with three-dimensional (3D) printing, for conservative treatment through vaginal dilation in patients with Vaginal Agenesis (VA). Methods: Sixteen patients with a diagnosis of VA (Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome, Total Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and cervicovaginal agenesis), from Federal University of São Paulo, were selected. The production of the devices was carried out in a 3D printer and, as raw material, the polymeric filament of the lactic polyacid (PLA) was used. A personalized treatment was proposed and developed for each patient.Results: Fourteen patients reached a final vaginal length of 6 cm or more. The initial TVL Mean (SD) was 1,81(1,05) and the final TVL Mean (SD) 6,37(0,94); the Difference (IC-95%) was 4,56 (5,27 - 3,84) and the Effect size (IC-95%) was 4,58 (2,88 – 6,28). Therefore, there was a significant difference (P<0.05) between the initial and final measurements. The Effect Size was 4.58, reinforcing the great magnitude of this difference. Conclusion: The present study has shown the fruitful applicability of the devices, which offers an economical, accessible, promissing and reproducible strategy for the treatment of VA.
Association between urinary sodium excretion and hard outcomes in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Cury Cecília Malheiro , Banin Vanessa Burgugi , Reis Pamela Falbo dos , Caramori Jacqueline Teixeira , Barretti Pasqual , de Andrade Luís Gustavo Modelli , Martin Luis Cuadrado
Published: April 2022

Background: If sodium intake directly affect the progression to renal failure or death in non-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients remains uncertain. We evaluated the association between urinary sodium excretion (as a surrogate for sodium intake) with the occurrence of renal failure and death in non-dialytic CKD patients. Methods: A cohort study of non-dialytic CKD patients, including patients that who have their first visit clinical appointment between October/2006 and November/2010 and followed until March/2017. The inclusion criteria were: at least two 24-hour urinary sodium samples evaluated and aged superior to over 18 years, and the exclusion criteria were: patients who underwent undergoing previous dialysis therapy previously, with in the malignant phase of hypertension, hepatic insufficiency, alcoholics, malignant neoplasms, and implausible biochemical examination values. To measure sodium intake, two 24-hour urinary sodium samples were collected at the first visit appointment and or at maximum six months later. The outcomes were renal failure (onset of renal replacement therapy (RRT)) and death. Multiple Cox regression model was adjusted for age, creatinine clearance, smoking, and proteinuria/creatininuria ratio. Results: Were screened 292 patients and included 205 patients; during the follow-up period (until 125 months) there were 52 deaths and 37 patients developed renal failure. Considering the first quintile (urinary sodium below 2.51 g/day) as a reference, the second quintile (2.52 and 3.11 g/day) presented an adjusted Hazard Ratio of 0.245 (95% confidence interval: 0.660-0.912; p=0.036). Other quintiles did not present statistically significant association with renal outcome. There were no associations between the quintiles of urinary sodium excretion and death. Conclusion: Moderate sodium intake was associated with a lower risk of renal failure.
High vaccine effectiveness against severe Covid-19 in the elderly in Finland before and after the emergence of Omicron
Authors: Baum Ulrike , Poukka Eero , Leino Tuija , Kilpi Terhi , Nohynek Hanna , Palmu Arto A
Published: April 2022

Background. The elderly are highly vulnerable to severe Covid-19. Waning immunity and emergence of Omicron have caused concerns about reduced effectiveness of Covid-19 vaccines. The objective was to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) against severe Covid-19 among the elderly.Methods. This nationwide, register-based cohort study included all residents aged 70 years and over in Finland. The follow-up started on December 27, 2020, and ended on February 19, 2022. The study outcomes were Covid-19-related hospitalization and intensive care unit (ICU) admission timely associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. VE was estimated as one minus the hazard ratio comparing the vaccinated and unvaccinated and taking into account time since vaccination. Omicron-specific VE was evaluated as the effectiveness observed since January 1, 2022.Results. The cohort included 897932 individuals. Comirnaty (BioNTech/Pfizer) VE against Covid-19-related hospitalization was 93% (95% CI90%–95%) and 87% (95% CI 84%–89%) 14–90 and 91–180 days after the second dose; VE increased to 96% (95% CI 95%–97%) 14–60 days after the third dose. VE of other homologous and heterologous three dose series was similar. Protection against severe Covid-19 requiring ICU treatment was even better. Since January 1, 2022, Comirnaty VE was 91% (95% CI 79%–96%) and 76% (95% CI 56%–86%) 14–90 and 91–180 days after the second and 95% (95% CI 94%–97%) 14–60 days after the third dose.Conclusions.VE against severe Covid-19 is high among the elderly. It waned slightly after two doses, but a third restored the protection. VE against severe Covid-19 remained high even after the emergence of Omicron.
Integrating machine learning to the sub-classification of monitoring operations for anomaly detection based on smart automation technology data center.
Authors: Chakor Ahmed Yassine , Azmani Abdellah , Azmani Monir
Published: April 2022

Intelligent monitoring of a computer network provides a clear understanding of its behavior at various times and in various situations it also provides relief to support teams who spend most of their time troubleshooting problems caused by hardware or software failures. This type of monitoring ensures the accuracy and efficiency of the network to meets the expectations of its users.However, to ensure intelligent monitoring, it is necessary to start by automating this process which often leads to long and costly interventions. The success of such automations supposes the establishment of predictive maintenance as a prerequisite for good governance of preventive maintenance. However, even when it is practiced effectively, preventive maintenance requires a great deal of time and the mobilization of several full-time resources, especially for large IT structures.This paper gives an overview on the monitoring of a computer network and explains its process and the problems encountered. This article also proposes a method based on machine learning to allow prediction and support decision making to proactively anticipate interventions.
Association between Hounsfield Units in Preoperative Wrist Computed Tomography Scans and Outcomes after Wrist Fracture Surgery.
Authors: Pérez-Úbeda María-José , Urbina-Balanz Alejandro , Rizo Belén , Collado-Gosalvez Alicia , Gimeno Maria-Dolores , Marco Fernando
Published: April 2022

PurposeThis work aims to evaluate the hypothesis that the value of Hounsfield units (HU), as a marker of bone density, in preoperative wrist computed tomography (CT) scans correlates with the functional outcomes as measured by patient reported outcomes (PROs) after distal radius fracture surgery with volar locking plate fixation.MethodsOf a database of 92 wrist fractures operated on in our hospital between 2011 and 2020, with a preoperative CT scan performed, we selected the cases with a minimum follow-up period of 12 months. After applying the exclusion criteria, the final cohort comprised 64 patients. Three measurements of HU were performed in correlative coronal sections of the capitate bone. PROs were determined using two functional questionnaires (DASH and PRWE) and one quality of life questionnaire (SF-12). The statistical relationship between PROs and the HU measurements obtained via a CT scan was analyzed.ResultsPatients were classified into two groups, osteoporotic (OST) or non-osteoporotic (non-OST), according to the optimal cut-off value of 323 HU selected using a ROC curve. The median DASH questionnaire score in the OST group was significantly higher (1.7 vs 10.0, p = .003) as was the PRWE function subscale score (0 vs 3, p = .031).ConclusionHU values in preoperative wrist CT scans may help to identify osteoporotic bone in patients prior to wrist fracture surgery and lead to an improved surgical indication and treatment strategy.
A quantitative analysis of research trends in flood hazard assessment
Authors: Zhu Wei , Zha Xianbao , Luo Pingping , Wang Shuangtao , Cao Zhe , Lyu Jiqiang , Zhou Meimei , He Bin , Nover Daniel
Published: April 2022

Although the scientific investigation into flood hazard assessment (FHA) has increased in recent years, a global analysis of FHA-related studies is still rare. This research aims to elucidate trends in FHA-related scientific inquiry from a quantitative perspective. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to analyze a sample of 723 articles published in the period 2000–2020 from the Web of Science databases (WoS). Bibliometrix R-Tool was used to explore the trends and themes in this field by analyzing substantial documents, sources, and authors. Results show a growing number of scientific publications during the past two decades and a poor collaboration network between countries in this field. Keyword analysis shows that the themes of this research domain were focused on modeling. The main finding is that FHA remains an under-investigation field of study that focuses on specific geographical areas. Nevertheless, international collaborations present an increasing trend in FHA-related research, and a growing number of scholars have significant interests in FHA, whose topics are gradually systematized. These findings offer a comprehensive picture of FHA-related research and suggest the need for and benefits of collaboration across geographical study areas.
Hydrogeochemical Fate of Pharmaceutical Chemicals Discharged into a Tidal Freshwater Estuary
Authors: Foster Gregory , Leahigh Arion , Huff Thomas
Published: April 2022

The tidal freshwater Potomac River (TFPR) in the metropolitan Washington, DC region receives wastewater discharge from eight major wastewater treatment plants with the potential to alter water quality. A total of 90 pharmaceutical chemicals and personal care products (PPCPs) were analyzed in surface water and sediments using solid-phase extraction and QuEChERS, respectively, in conjunction with liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry-multiple reaction monitoring quantitation (LC-MS/MS-MRM). There were 52 PPCPs quantified in both surface water and sediment. The most frequently quantified PPCPs in water included caffeine, fexofenadine, nicotine, sulfamethoxazole, hydrochlorothiazide, MDA, desvenlafaxine, and metoprolol ranging from 10 to 360 ng/L, and in sediment included diphenhydramine, escitalopram, desvenlafaxine, fexofenadine, sertraline and triclocarban ranging from 20 to 120 ng/g (dry weight). Comparisons of PPCP constituents in WTP discharge and adjacent surface water showed altered compositions reflecting dispersal and transformation processes acted quickly following contact of effluent with surface water. Although the PPCPs were present at their highest concentrations in surface water near the WTP discharge zones, the concentrations rapidly attenuated yielding mainstem TFPR PPCP concentrations that did not show elevated concentrations along the freshwater reach of the tidal range in the estuary. The concentrations in sediment also decreased within 1-km from the tributary shoals to the mainstem river. Two prominent seasonal trends were evident in surface water between May to September for many PPCPs correlating with use patterns and temperature.
The Healthy Eating Index and Oral Health among Adults: A finding from a Prospective Cohort Study in Iran
Authors: Mohammadi Arash , Darbandi Mitra , Pasdar Yahya , Mohebi Mahsa , Ziaei Narges , Najafi Farid
Published: April 2022

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the association between decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and nutritional status based on Healthy Eating Index (HEI), in Iranian adults.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data from the Ravansar Non-Communicable Diseases (RaNCD) cohort study were analyzed. DMFT index was employed as a measurement of oral health. The HEI-2015 score was calculated based on data obtained from Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) and categorized into quartiles to best separate those with better quality diets (Q4), mixed quality diets (Q2-Q3), and poor quality diets (Q1). Linear regression models were used to assess the association between HEI-2015 and DMFT.Results: 7,549 participants with the mean age of 45.65 ± 7.70, 3741 of which were female (49.56%), were evaluated. The mean of DMFT in Q4 of HEI-2015 was significantly lower than the Q1 (12.64± 7.04 vs. 14.29± 7.54, P<0.001). The mean of DMFT in higher SES was significantly lower than low SES (P<0.001). The increasing DMFT in the Q1 of HEI-2015 was significantly 0.11 times lower than in the Q4, after adjusting for confounding variables (β= -0.11; 95% CI: -0.54, -0.30). The increasing dairy intake (β= -0.08, 95% CI: -0.13, -0.03) was significantly associated with decreasing DMFT score and increasing refined grains (β= 0.20, 95% CI: 0.02, 0.35) and sodium (β= 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.11) intake was significantly associated with increasing DMFT score. Conclusions: A healthy diet was significantly associated with a decrease in DMFT score in the studied population.
Post-Traumatic Growth and Its Influencing Factors among Chinese Women with Gynecological Cancer：A Cross-section Study
Authors: Chen Jing , Feng Yue , Zhang Shixi , Lin Tangwei , Liu Xingcan , Guo Xiujing , Zhu Jun
Published: April 2022

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between post-traumatic growth (PTG), spiritual well-being (SWB), and perceived social support (PSS) ,and the related factors of post-traumatic growth among gynecological cancer patients.MethodsWe conducted a cross-section study among 586 gynecological cancer patients. The European Organization for Research and Treatment for Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-spiritual well-being32 (EORTC QLQ-SWB32), Post-traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were used to measure spiritual well-being, PTG, and PSS. The Multiple Linear Regression Model was used to determine the relationship between post-traumatic growth , spiritual well-being , and perceived social support .ResultsFor all participants, the highest PTGI score was 51.07 on the Appreciation of life scale, and the lowest was 32.84 on the New possibilities Scale.The highest QLQ-SWB32 centesimal score was 75.13 on the Relationship with Other scale, and the lowest was 60.33 on the Relationship with Someone or Something Greater Scale.The highest MSPSS centesimal score was 24.31 on the Family support scale, and the lowest was 20.54 on the Friend Support Scale.We found that Relationship with Self of QLQ-SWB32 was the only scale not associated with post-traumatic growth. Overall, patients with higher level of spiritual well-being and perceived social support have a higher level of post-traumatic growth.Besides, a high Personal strength score was associated with Religious belief (B= 1.615, P< 0.05) and Education background (senior middle school,B= 1.268, P=0.05，college and above，B= 1.450, P<0.05). Patients with higher Global-SWB of EORTC QLQ-SWB32 were retired (B= 0.387, P= 0.019).ConclusionsOur study revealed that patients with gynecological cancer who perceived higher levels of social support would experience greater post-traumatic growth, and spiritual well-being can mediate this effect.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsIncreasing social support and spiritual well-being might be scientific intervention techniques for improving post-traumatic growth in gynecological cancer survivors.
The 2022 Mw6.2 Pasaman, Indonesia, Earthquake and Its Implication of Seismic Hazard in Central-West Sumatra
Authors: Wulandari Rizki , Chan Chung-Han , Wibowo Adhi
Published: April 2022

On February 25, 2022, the Mw6.2 “Pasaman Earthquake” took place in central-west Sumatra in association with activity in the Sumatran Fault system. This study clarifies the spatial and temporal distribution of the Pasaman Earthquake sequence and forecasts the earthquake sequence’s impact on the seismicity in the vicinity and in the Sumatran Fault system. We first examined the seismicity before the mainshock and observed significant low b-value anomalies both in time and space, shedding light on the earthquake precursor by monitoring b-values prior to the event. Based on the first 18-day aftershocks, we modelled the temporal distribution of the mainshock according to the modified Omori’s law, which suggested this sequence could last 37 or 451 days. To understand the spatial pattern of the aftershocks, we calculated the coseismic Coulomb stress change imparted by the Pasaman Earthquake mainshock. The stress increase extended northwest and southeast, consistent with aftershock distribution. We further evaluated rupture probability for each segment of the Sumatran Fault. Considering the stress perturbation imparted by the Pasaman Earthquake, we expected a seismicity rate increase of ca. 40% at the Sumpur and Sianok segments in the short term. To quantify long-term rupture probability, the recurrence interval and the time elapsed since the previous earthquake were incorporated based on the time-dependent Brownian Passage Time (BPT) model. A high rupture probability is expected for a segment with a short recurrence interval and/or long time elapsed since the last earthquake. The earthquake probability at the Sumani segment in the coming 50 years was determined to be 72.0%. The outcomes of this study are the be-all and end-all for subsequent probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for not only Sumatra, but also certain metropolises in Malaysia and Singapore.
Factors associated with the level of general knowledge of diabetes mellitus in students in the final two years of medical school: a cross sectional study.
Authors: Tejada Flavia , Arias Pamela
Published: April 2022

Background: In Peru, there have been no studies on the knowledge of medical students about type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) which is relevant to ensure adequate preparation to address one of the pathologies with the highest burden of disease in this country.Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted in students in the last two years of medical school. A virtual survey was conducted using a previously validated questionnaire to find the general knowledge level of DM2. In addition, factors associated with the knowledge level were explored using appropriate hypothesis tests. Results: A total of 127 participants were included, 58 externships and 69 internships. The mean knowledge of DM2 was 67.14% in general and was the same in internships and externships. An association was found between knowledge and living with a person with DM (Coef=1.01 and p=0.015). Conclusions: The average in the questionnaire on knowledge of DM2 is slightly higher than the average found in other studies with questionnaires like the present study. A higher level of knowledge would be associated with living with a person with diabetes mellitus.
An in-depth examination of the natural radiation and radioactive dangers associated with a regularly used medicinal plant in Egypt
Authors: Saudi H. A. , Abedelkader H. T. , Issa Shams , Diab H. M. , Bashter I. I. , Alharshan Gharam A. , Uosif M. A.M. , Zakaly Hesham M. H.
Published: April 2022

Specific activity of U-238 and Th-232, as well as K-40 radionuclides in twenty-five investigated medicinal herbs used in Egypt have been measured using high purity germanium (HP Ge) detector. The measured values are ranged from the BDL to 20.71 with mean of 7.25 (Bq kg− 1) for uranium-238, from the BDL to 29.35 with mean of 7.78 (Bq kg− 1) for thorium-232, and from the 172 to 1181.2 with mean of 471.4 (Bq kg− 1) for Potassium-40. Individual herbs with the highest activity levels were found to be 20.71 (Bq kg− 1) for uranium-238 (H4, Thyme herb), 29.35 (Bq kg− 1) for thorium-232 (H20, Cinnamon) and 1181.2 (Bq kg− 1) for Potassium-40 (H24, Worm wood). Ingestion-related effective doses over the course of a year of uranium-238 and thorium-232, as well as Potassium-40 estimated from measured activity concentrations are 0.002304 (minimum), 0.50869 (maximum), and 0.0373 (average) (mSv/yr). This is the first-time natural radioactivity of therapeutic plants has been measured in Egypt. In addition, no artificial radionuclide (for example, 137Cs) was discovered in any of the samples. Therefore, the current findings are intended to serve as the foundation for establishing a standard safety and guideline for using these therapeutic plants in Egypt.
Early postoperative hydrocephalus and its management after resection of vestibular schwannomas using the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach
Authors: Krystkiewicz Kamil , Wrona Dawid , Tosik Marcin , Birski Marcin , Szylberg Łukasz , Morawska Anna , Furtak Jacek , Wałęsa Cezary , Stopa Konrad , Harat Marek
Published: April 2022

BackgroundA hydrocephalus is one of the clinical presentations of large vestibular schwannomas. However, the literature lacks data concerning early postoperative hydrocephalus in that group of patients and its late consequences.MethodsRetrospective analysis of the past medical records and radiological examinations of 116 patients.ResultsIn 6 patients (5%), external ventricular drainage was employed postoperatively - in 2 patients on the first, in 3 cases on the second and in 1 case on the fourth day after the surgery. One patient developed a postoperative hematoma, in another one massive edema of the cerebellar hemisphere was found. In 4 cases, some degree of edematous changes in the cerebellar hemisphere were noted. Based on the clinical course, the patients were divided into 2 groups. The first one showed mild signs of intracranial hypertension. The second one developed a deep and rapid deterioration in the consciousness state. In the second group, drainage was maintained for 11 and 14 days. One patient died on the 11th postoperative day and in another case a ventriculoperitoneal shunt was placed. In the first group, drainage was removed on the 5th postoperative day in all cases. There were no complications related to that procedure. There was no correlation between age, size of the tumor, preoperative cerebellar edema, extent of the resection, preoperative size of the ventricles, cystic component of the tumor and preoperative obstruction of the aqueduct and postoperative hydrocephalus. The patients with postoperative hydrocephalus were hospitalized longer than the control group (p=0.001).ConclusionsTwo groups of patients with postoperative hydrocephalus were noted: the first one with acute and the second one with mild signs of intracranial hypertension. The presence of postoperative hydrocephalus does not depend on the analyzed preoperative factors.
Misbehavior: a Culprit Leading to Adverse Outcomes and Malpractice Claim against General Surgeons
Authors: Fan Xin , Shi Xin , Tang Wen-hao
Published: April 2022

Objective: Closed malpractice claims against general surgeons were analyzed, to explore causal relationship between surgeons’ behavioral stumble and preventable adverse events.Methods: 127 malpractice claims against general surgeons were reviewed and analyzed. The frequencies of harmful practice patterns of behavior were estimated and it’s relationship with preventability of undesirable outcomes were assessed.Results: 132 legal representatives were involved in the 127 malpractice claims against general surgeons. The top ranks of frequency in flawed behavioral practice patterns were lack of adequate communication with patient and/or family (42.4%), lack of assessment of the primary surgical problem before surgery (34.9%), lack of checking or analyzing investigative report in time (24.2%), lack of evidence of compliance with prevention obligations (18.2%) and lack of following and dealing with postoperatively emerging problems (15.9%). In the involved 132 defendant hospital representatives, it revealed 124 (93.9%) with and 8 (6.1%) without behavioral practice errors. Defendants with behavioral violations were more likely to be considered “surgeons’ errors contributed to the preventable complications” (116 out of 124) than defendants without any behavioral errors (2 out of 8). There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Deficient behavioral practices are ubiquitous in these malpractice claims and play a big role in preventable complications related to general surgery. It is a duty of medical staff leaders or senior surgeons to act as a credible role model ‘in the trenches’ for young generation of surgeons in providing standard of care to their patients mainly through traits of good behavioral practice.
A Random Reversible Watermarking Schefme for Relational Data
Authors: Liu Qiang , Xian Hequn , Cao Xiuping
Published: April 2022

In the era of Big Data, relational data is at risk of piracy and misuse when distributed, shared and used. The use of digital watermarking technology is a reliable way to protect the copyright of relational data. In order to protect the copyright of relational data and recover the original data, many reversible watermarking schemes have been proposed in recent years, but most of them cannot extract the watermark information completely under severe attacks. To address this problem, a random-ized reversible watermarking scheme is proposed.Watermark embedding algorithm, watermark integrity checking algorithm, watermark detection algorithm and data recovery algorithm were designed. The watermark capacity is increased by embedding multiple watermarks in selected tuples, and the randomness of the watermark information distribution is increased by embedding unequal proportions of watermarks in different tuples. In extracting the watermark, the attacked bits are discarded to improve the accuracy of watermark detection. In addition, only a partition with complete watermark information is selected for watermark extraction. This not only improves the speed of watermark extraction, but also avoids the risk of key leakage from other partitions. The experimental results show that the complete watermark information can be extracted even when more than 90% of the tuples are under attack.
Study on the protective effect and mechanism of Neutralizing IL-17A with Secukinumab on severe sepsis model rats
Authors: Wang Xingsheng , Zhang Xinxin , Sun Li , Li Yun , Gao Guangsheng
Published: April 2022

In this study, the rat model of severe sepsis was established by caecal ligation and perforation to observe the protective effect of the specific neutralizing antibody of IL-17A, Secukinumab, on rats with severe sepsis and explore its molecular mechanism. At present, a large number of studies have confirmed the important role of IL-17A in sepsis, but the role of secukinumab in sepsis has not been studied. The results showed that the survival rate of the rats with severe sepsis was significantly improved, the pathological changes of lung tissue were significantly reduced, and the wet/dry weight ratio of lung tissue was decreased. It also significantly inhibited the inflammatory response of lung tissue induced by severe sepsis and inhibited the activation of the IKBα/NFκB inflammatory pathway. Our results suggest that neutralizing IL-17A, secukinumab inhibits the activation of the IKBα/NFκB inflammatory pathway, reduces the gene expression of pathway-related inflammatory cytokines, and thus reduces the levels of inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue and plasma, thereby alleviating lung tissue injury and improving systemic inflammation in rats with severe sepsis. This may provide new ideas for the treatment of sepsis.