bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Progress and Future Advances on Aqueous Monovalent‐Ion Batteries towards Safe and High‐Power Energy Storage
Authors: Zhang Fangli , Zhang Wenchao , Wexler David , Guo Zaiping
Published: March 2022

Aqueous monovalent‐ion batteries have been rapidly developed recently as promising energy storage devices in large‐scale energy storage systems owing to their fast charging capability and high power densities. In recent years, Prussian blue analogues, polyanion‐type compounds, and layered oxides have been widely developed as cathodes for aqueous monovalent‐ion batteries because of their low cost and high theoretical capacity. Furthermore, many design strategies have been proposed to expand their electrochemical stability window by reducing the amount of free water molecules and introducing an electrolyte addictive. This review highlights the advantages and drawbacks of cathode and anode materials, and summarizes the correlations between the various strategies and the electrochemical performance in terms of structural engineering, morphology control, elemental compositions, and interfacial design. Finally, this review can offer rational principles and potential future directions in the design of aqueous monovalent‐ion batteries.
Quasi‐1D van der Waals Antiferromagnetic CrZr4Te14 with Large In‐Plane Anisotropic Negative Magnetoresistance
Authors: Fang Yuqiang , Yang Ke , Zhang Enze , Liu Shanshan , Jia Zehao , Zhang Yuda , Wu Hua , Xiu Faxian , Huang Fuqiang
Published: March 2022

The discovery of 2D van der Waals (vdW) magnetic materials is of great significance to explore intriguing 2D magnetic physics and develop innovative spintronic devices. In this work, a new quasi‐1D vdW layered compound CrZr4Te14 is successfully synthesized. Owing to the existence of 1D [CrTe2] and [ZrTe3] chains along the b‐axis, CrZr4Te14 crystals show strong anisotropy of phonon vibrations, electrical transport, and magnetism. Density functional theory calculations reveal the ferromagnetic (FM) coupling within the [CrTe2] chain, while the interchain and interlayer couplings are both weakly antiferromagnetic (AF). Notably, a large intrinsic negative magnetoresistance (nMR) of −56% is achieved at 2 K under 9 T, and the in‐plane anisotropic factor of nMR can reach up to 8.2 in the CrZr4Te14 device. The 1D FM chains and anisotropic nMR effect make CrZr4Te14 an interesting platform for exploring novel polarization‐sensitive spintronics.
Effective Approaches for Designing Stable M–Nx/C Oxygen‐Reduction Catalysts for Proton‐Exchange‐Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Miao Zhengpei , Li Shenzhou , Priest Cameron , Wang Tanyuan , Wu Gang , Li Qing
Published: March 2022

The large‐scale commercialization of proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is extremely limited by their costly platinum‐group metals (PGMs) catalysts, which are used for catalyzing the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) kinetics at the cathode. Among the reported PGM‐free catalysts so far, metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–Nx/C) catalysts hold a great potential to replace PGMs catalysts for the ORR due to their excellent initial activity and low cost. However, despite tremendous progress in this field in the past decade, their further applications are restricted by fast degradation under practical conditions. Herein, the theoretical fundamentals of the stability of the M–Nx/C catalysts are first introduced in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics. The primary degradation mechanisms of M–Nx/C catalysts and the corresponding mitigating strategies are discussed in detail. Finally, the current challenges and the prospects for designing highly stable M–Nx/C catalysts are outlined.
Uniformly Sized Stem Cell Spheroids for Treatment of Hind Limb Ischemia: Size Effect
Authors: Cui Lei , Luo Ying , Wang Haozheng , Chen Qianbing , Zhou Xiaoyong , Guan Ying , Zhang Yongjun
Published: March 2022

Spheroid‐based cell delivery has been demonstrated as an effective strategy in stem cell therapy of critical limb ischemia. However, massive generation of uniform‐sized spheroids still remains a big challenge. In addition, how spheroid size influences its therapeutic efficacy remains an open question. Herein, patterned poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogel films synthesized in situ in cell culture plates are used to generate adipose‐derived stromal cell (ADSC) spheroids. This method not only allows for the production of uniform‐sized spheroids but also large‐scale production (≈60 000 spheroids per plate). Using this method, monodisperse ADSC spheroids with three different sizes are generated to study spheroid size effect in ischemia treatment. It is found that different size spheroids exhibit different behaviors in extracellular matrix (ECM) expression and paracrine secretion. Larger spheroids express more ECM proteins. Paracrine secretion of hypoxia‐induced survival factors, anti‐apoptotic and angiogenic factors is enhanced to a larger degree in larger spheroids. Finally, using a mouse model of hind limb ischemia, it is demonstrated that the therapeutic efficacy of the spheroids increases with increasing spheroid size. The improved therapeutic efficacy is attributed to enhanced survival and paracrine secretion of larger spheroids, which is attributed to the higher degree of hypoxic environment of these spheroids.
Growth of High Mobility InN Film on Ga‐Polar GaN Substrate by Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Optoelectronic Device Applications
Authors: Imran Ali , Sulaman Muhammad , Yousaf Muhammad , Anwar Muhammad Abid , Qasim Muhammad , Dastgeer Ghulam , Min‐Dianey Kossi A. A. , Wang Baoyu , Wang Xinqiang
Published: March 2022

The fabrication of high‐speed electronic and communication devices has rapidly grown the demand for high mobility semiconductors. However, their high cost and complex fabrication process make them less attractive for the consumer market and industrial applications. Indium nitride (InN) can be a potential candidate to fulfill industrial requirements due to simple and low‐cost fabrication process as well as unique electronic properties such as narrow direct bandgap and high electron mobility. In this work, 3 µm thick InN epilayer is grown on (0001) gallium nitride (GaN)/Sapphire template under In‐rich conditions with different In/N flux ratios by molecular beam epitaxy. The sharp InN/GaN interface monolayers with the In‐polar growth are observed, which assure the precise control of the growth parameters. The directly probed electron mobility of 3610 cm2 V‐1 s‐1 is measured with an unintentionally doped electron density of 2.24 × 1017 cm‐3. The screw dislocation and edge dislocation densities are calculated to be 2.56 × 108 and 0.92 × 1010 cm‐2, respectively. The step‐flow growth with the average surface roughness of 0.23 nm for 1 × 1 µm2 is confirmed. The high quality and high mobility InN film make it a potential candidate for high‐speed electronic/optoelectronic devices.
In Situ Growth of Ultrapure Green‐Emitting FAPbBr3‐PVDF Films via a Synergetic Dual‐Additive Strategy for Wide Color Gamut Backlit Display
Authors: Yang Changbin , Niu Weifan , Chen Renjing , Pang Tao , Lin Jidong , Zheng Yongping , Zhang Ruidan , Wang Zhibin , Huang Ping , Huang Feng , Chen Daqin
Published: March 2022

Elaborate engineering of emitting wavelength of green down‐converter in the spectral range of ≈525–535 nm with narrow full‐width at half‐maximum (fwhm < 25 nm) is an essential prerequisite for faithfully reproducing colors in the quantum dot (QD)‐based backlit display. Herein, different from the previous complex synthesis for green films, FAPbBr3 perovskite QDs films are fabricated by a dual‐additive assisted in situ growth strategy. Both C6H5CH2CH2NH3+ and 1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxacyclooctadecane additives are introduced to synergistically tune green emitting (≈525–535 nm) with the narrowest fwhm down to 21 nm and the highest photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) up to 99%. Improved nanocomposite film with excellent long‐term stability is used to construct a prototype liquid crystal display (LCD) with a wide color gamut (118% National Television System Committee and 88% Recommendation BT 2020), a high saturation, and a remarkable color rendition. The performance is superior to that of the commercial white‐LED‐based LCD, showing a great potential of the present green film for high‐definition display application in the future.
Palladium(II) – Catalyzed Functionalization of Aromatic Amines with Aliphatic Aziridines: Direct Approach to Form O‐Aminophenethylamine Backbones
Authors: He Shuo , Chen Yujie , Huang Zhi‐Bin , Li Bao , Shi Da‐Qing , Zhao Yingsheng
Published: March 2022

A palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling of an ortho‐C(sp2) atom of aromatic amines with aliphatic aziridines to construct the O‐aminophenethylamine skeleton via C−H activation has been developed. The reaction proceeded under mild conditions with good substrate scope. The O‐aminophenethylamine skeleton in drugs or bioactive compounds could be generated in one step in this report.

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Engineered EGCG‐Containing Biomimetic Nanoassemblies as Effective Delivery Platform for Enhanced Cancer Therapy
Authors: Wu Pengkai , Zhang Haitian , Yin Yin , Sun Meiling , Mao Shuai , Chen Huihui , Deng Yexuan , Chen Shuai , Li Shuo , Sun Beicheng
Published: March 2022

Nano‐based immunotherapy of therapeutic biomolecules is attractive but tremendously hampered by the poor delivery efficiency. This study reports a novel delivery system of fluorinated‐coordinative‐epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), referring as FEGCG/Zn, through the integration of fluorination and zinc ions (Zn2+) into EGCG. The robust therapeutics of FEGCG/Zn are measured in terms of the regulating effect on programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐L1), the effective delivery of diverse biomolecules, and the hitchhiking ability using living cells. Taking small interfering RNA of PD‐L1 (siPD‐L1) and erythrocytes as an example, the fabricated biomimetic system achieves excellent siPD‐L1 delivery and further improves siPD‐L1 accumulation in tumors. Finally, the combination of FEGCG/Zn and siPD‐L1 promotes antitumor immunotherapy through alleviation of T cells exhaustion by regulating PD‐L1 expression in tumor cells. The results demonstrate that FEGCG/Zn substantially regulates PD‐L1 expression and improves immune‐biomolecule delivery by forming biomimetic nanoassemblies, offering a versatile platform for cancer immunotherapy.
A Self‐Reconstructed Bifunctional Electrocatalyst of Pseudo‐Amorphous Nickel Carbide @ Iron Oxide Network for Seawater Splitting
Authors: Zhang Hao , Geng Songyuan , Ouyang Mengzheng , Yadegari Hossein , Xie Fang , Riley D. Jason
Published: March 2022

Here, a sol‐gel method is used to prepare a Prussian blue analogue (NiFe‐PBA) precursor with a 2D network, which is further annealed to an Fe3O4/NiCx composite (NiFe‐PBA‐gel‐cal), inheriting the ultrahigh specific surface area of the parent structure. When the composite is used as both anode and cathode catalyst for overall water splitting, it requires low voltages of 1.57 and 1.66 V to provide a current density of 100 mA cm−2 in alkaline freshwater and simulated seawater, respectively, exhibiting no obvious attenuation over a 50 h test. Operando Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicate that NiOOH2–x active species containing high‐valence Ni3+/Ni4+ are in situ generated from NiCx during the water oxidation. Density functional theory calculations combined with ligand field theory reveal that the role of high valence states of Ni is to trigger the production of localized O 2p electron holes, acting as electrophilic centers for the activation of redox reactions for oxygen evolution reaction. After hydrogen evolution reaction, a series of ex situ and in situ investigations indicate the reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ and the evolution of Ni(OH)2 are the origin of the high activity.
Perovskite Oxide Ferroelectric Thin Films
Authors: Tian Mingyue , Xu Lan , Yang Ya
Published: March 2022

Perovskite oxide thin film materials are used in various fields of human life due to their excellent physical properties. The high performance thin films in turn provide more convenience to human life. How to prepare high‐performance thin films is the most difficult challenge for researchers. There are multiple factors that determine the application area of thin films and influence the performance of thin films. The preparation of the material determines its structure, the structure further influences the material's performance, and the performance decides the material's application, indicating that these four factors are inextricably linked. This article reviews the preparation methods of perovskite oxide films and various factors that affect film properties, as well as basic physical properties. This paper lists the methods to improve the physical properties of thin films and the latest applications in various fields in recent years.
Integration of multiparameter flow cytometry score improves prognostic stratification provided by standard models in primary myelofibrosis
Authors: Mannelli Francesco , Bencini Sara , Coltro Giacomo , Loscocco Giuseppe G. , Peruzzi Benedetta , Rotunno Giada , Maccari Chiara , Gesullo Francesca , Borella Miriam , Paoli Chiara , Caporale Roberto , Mannarelli Carmela , Annunziato Francesco , Guglielmelli Paola , Vannucchi Alessandro M.
Published: March 2022

Prognostic modeling in myelofibrosis (MF) has classically pursued the integration of informative clinical and hematological parameters to separate patients' categories with different outcomes. Modern stratification includes also genetic data from karyotype and mutations. However, some poorly standardized variables, as peripheral blood (PB) blast count by morphology, are still included. In this study, we used multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) with the aim of improving performance of existing scores. We studied 363 MF patients with available MFC files for PB CD34+ cells count determination at diagnosis. We adapted Ogata score to MF context including 2 parameters: absolute CD34+ cells count (/μL) and granulocytes to lymphocytes SSC ratio. A score of 1 was attributed to above‐threshold values of each parameter. Accordingly, patients were categorized as MFClow (score = 0, 62.0%), MFCint (score = 1, 29.5%), and MFChigh (score = 2, 8.5%). MFClow had significantly longer median OS (not reached) compared to MFCint (55 months) and MFChigh (19 months). We integrated MFC into established models as a substitute of morphological PB blasts count. Patients were reclassified according to MFC‐enhanced scores, and concordance (C‐) indexes were compared. As regards IPSS, C‐indexes were 0.67 and 0.74 for standard and MFC‐enhanced model, respectively (Z score − 3.82; p = 0.0001). MFC‐enhanced MIPSS70+ model in PMF patients yielded a C‐index of 0.78, outperforming its standard counterpart (C‐index 0.73; Z score − 2.88, p = 0.004). Our data suggest that the incorporation of MFC‐derived parameters, easily attainable from standard assay used for CD34+ cells determination, might help to refine the current prognostic stratification models in myelofibrosis.
Workers′ compensation reported injuries among distillery industry workers, 2010–2019
Authors: Mirzaian Mira , Sanderson Wayne , Browning Steven , Bunn Terry
Published: March 2022

Background

The objective of this study was to identify the most frequent type, nature, and cause of work‐related injuries among distillery workers and the contributing factors for these events to target interventions to reduce injuries.

Methods

Workers′ compensation first reports of injury (FROI) from the years 2010 through 2019 were obtained. Variables were created for “occupational category” and “cause of injury” for evaluation of the injurious events. The ratchet circular scan test was used to assess seasonal variation in injury, and kernel density estimation to assess rates of injury by calendar year.

Results

A total of 974 FROIs were recorded over these 10 years; 908 of the injuries resulted in lost time, 65 resulted in no lost time, and 1 resulted in a fatality. The most common injuries reported were strains or tears, lacerations, and contusions (33.4%, 14.7%, and 13.5%, respectively). The most frequent anatomical sites of injury were the shoulders, fingers, and low back area (11.8%, 11.4%, and 8.9%, respectively). Barreling operation activities experienced the greatest frequency of work‐related injury at 28.5% of all FROIs. A seasonal peak of injuries was observed during May and June.

Conclusions

Implementing ergonomic and safety solutions for transportation and work tasks associated with barreling operations may significantly reduce the rate of work‐related injuries in distillery workers. Injury prevention interventions should particularly target strain or tear injuries caused by repetitive motion or bodily reaction and overexertion. Contact with objects or machinery accounted for one‐third of distillery industry FROIs.
Two Japanese patients with Noonan syndrome‐like disorder with loose anagen hair 2
Authors: Maruwaka Kaori , Nakajima Yoko , Yamada Takaharu , Tanaka Taihei , Kosaki Rika , Inagaki Hidehito , Kosaki Kenjiro , Kurahashi Hiroki
Published: March 2022

Noonan syndrome‐like disorder with loose anagen hair (NSLH) is a rare disease characterized by typical features of Noonan syndrome with additional findings of relative or absolute macrocephaly, loose anagen hair, and a higher incidence of intellectual disability. NSLH1 is caused by a heterozygous mutation in the SHOC2 gene on chromosome 10q25, and NLSH2 is caused by a heterozygous mutation in the Protein phosphatase one catalytic subunit beta (PPP1CB) gene on chromosome 2p23. Protein phosphatase1 (PP1), encoded by PPP1CB, forms a complex with SHOC2 and dephosphorylates RAFs, which results in activation of the signaling cascade and contribution to Noonan syndrome pathogenesis. Here, we report two genetically confirmed Japanese patients with NSLH2 having the same de novo mutation in PPP1CB presenting prominent—hyperteloric—appearing eyes and a tall forehead similar to individuals carrying a mutation in PPP1CB, c.146C > G; p.Pro49Arg, which is different from typical facial features of Noonan syndrome. They also showed short stature, absolute macrocephaly, and loose anagen hair like NSLH1: however, growth hormone deficiency often seen in NSLH1 caused by SHOC2 mutation was absent. Although a number of Noonan syndrome and NSLH1 patients have shown blunted or no response to GH therapy, linear growth was promoted by recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in one of our patients. Since another NSLH2 patient with good response to rhGH treatment was reported, rhGH therapy may be effective in patients with NSLH2.
Using palaeolimnology to guide rehabilitation of a culturally significant lake in New Zealand
Authors: Short Julia , Tibby John , Vandergoes Marcus J. , Wood Susanna A. , Lomax Neville , Puddick Jonathan , Pearman John K. , Howarth Jamie D. , Moy Christopher M. , Šunde Charlotte , Martin Reece , Li Xun , Moody Adelaine , Dahl Jenny , Shepherd Claire , McFarlane Kiely
Published: March 2022

Lakes are becoming degraded at an accelerating rate owing to human activity, and understanding their past ecology is necessary for lake management and rehabilitation. Palaeolimnology provides numerous methods that enable the historical state of lakes to be determined. New Zealand provides an ideal setting in which to do this as human modification of the landscape occurred later here than in most regions of the world (approx. 1300 CE).

Lake Oporoa is a shallow lake that is highly significant to the local indigenous Māori community. This study used multiple proxy palaeolimnology to explore how lake ecology shifted following Māori and European settlement in the catchment, and how palaeolimnological data can be used to inform lake rehabilitation and conservation measures, alongside the desires of the indigenous community. Sedimentary pollen, diatoms, bacterial communities, and elemental and hyperspectral imaging scanning were used to infer ecological changes in the lake and catchment from pre‐human times to present.

Following Māori settlement (approx. 1620 CE) there was gradual vegetation change and a rapid shift in diatom and bacterial assemblages, but not in phytoplankton pigments or sediment geochemistry. An increasing abundance of diatom taxa Discostella stelligera and Staurosirella cf. ovata indicates early nutrient enrichment. European pastoralism from approximately 1840 CE resulted in further deforestation, and all proxies show evidence for enhanced primary productivity driven by a combination of nutrient enrichment and changing lake levels, particularly since the 1960s. This has caused degradation in water quality and is likely to have contributed to the decline in populations of tuna (eel, Anguilla spp.).

Conversations with local Māori, together with the palaeolimnological results, indicate that a culturally acceptable and realistic rehabilitation target for Lake Oporoa aligns with ecological conditions in the 1950s. The palaeoecological data provide information to guide catchment and lake revegetation and other methods of nutrient abatement, with the eventual aim of restoring culturally important tuna and native fish populations.
A spatial freshwater thermal resilience landscape for informing conservation planning and climate change adaptation strategies
Authors: Rivers‐Moore Nicholas A. , Dallas Helen F.
Published: March 2022

Identifying thermal resilience hotspots in freshwater systems enables targeted conservation action, and defining relative ecosystem resilience is important for evaluating the potential consequences of climate change for aquatic ecosystems.

The thermal resilience of a river is likely to be affected by variables such as stream order, groundwater depth, flow predictability, water yield (precipitation minus evaporation) and catchment transformation.

A database of values for these variables indicating resilience against thermal stress was developed for all sub‐catchments in South Africa. Radar plots show the relative importance of the five variables potentially affecting system resilience. The resilience scores (from 0 to 1) for each variable were summed to generate a total resilience score for each sub‐catchment and used to generate a map of system resilience to thermal stress for South Africa. This was extended to show hotspots in South Africa where river systems were most likely to show high resilience.

These areas, in association with other criteria such as conservation value, provide an additional metric for prioritizing freshwater focal areas for restoration and conservation intervention, and identifying climate change refugia.
Morphological analysis of third metacarpus cartilage and subchondral bone in Thoroughbred racehorses: An ex vivo study
Authors: Marsiglia Marilia Ferrari , Yamada Ana Lúcia Miluzzi , Agreste Fernanda Rodrigues , de Sá Lilian Rose Marques , Nieman Rodrigo Tavares , da Silva Luís Cláudio Lopes Correia
Published: March 2022

Racehorses are exposed to repetitive overload during training and competition, causing joint hyperextension, tissue fatigue, and ultimately skeletal failure. Some degree of bone changes, such as sclerosis, are expected in equine athletes, as adaptation to the biomechanical rigors of training and racing. Understanding the imaging characteristics of the equine joint surface and subchondral bone would allow earlier detection of injuries or adaptation, improving prognosis and training programs. This study sought to describe the joint surface structural patterns and the periarticular structures of the third metacarpal bone (MC3). Both forelimbs of eight horses engaged in daily training programs, aged 3–5 years, which were euthanized for reasons unrelated to the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints, were collected. Specimens were evaluated through macroscopic inspection, radiography, ultrasonography, and microscopic examinations, such as optical microscopy and microtomography. Analysis of the microtomography images showed that 50% of the samples had higher trabecular thickness in the lateral condyle. Comparison of each imaging examination revealed that ultrasound images were most closely related to the histological examination (p = .29) in terms of sensitivity, while macroscopic and radiographic examinations differed most between evaluators. Finally, the irregularities and modifications observed in the articular cartilage surface and subchondral bone were normal adaptations of the anatomical structures of trained racehorses, which should be considered during clinical examination.
A computed tomography‐based survey of paramedullary diverticula in extant Aves
Authors: Atterholt Jessie , Wedel Mathew J.
Published: March 2022

Avian respiratory systems are comprised of rigid lungs connected to a hierarchically organized network of large, regional air sacs, and small diverticula that branch from them. Paramedullary diverticula are those that rest in contact with the spinal cord, and frequently invade the vertebral canal. Here, we review the historical study of these structures and provide the most diverse survey to date of paramedullary diverticula in Aves, consisting of observations from 29 taxa and 17 major clades. These extensions of the respiratory system are present in nearly all birds included in the study, with the exception of falconiforms, gaviiforms, podicipediforms, and piciforms. When present, they share connections most commonly with the intertransverse and supravertebral diverticula, but also sometimes with diverticula arising directly from the lungs and other small, more posterior diverticula. Additionally, we observed much greater morphological diversity of paramedullary airways than previously known. These diverticula may be present as one to four separate tubes (dorsal, lateral, or ventral to the spinal cord), or as a single large structure that partially or wholly encircles the spinal cord. Across taxa, paramedullary diverticula are largest and most frequently present in the cervical region, becoming smaller and increasingly absent moving posteriorly. Finally, we observe two osteological correlates of paramedullary diverticula (pneumatic foramina and pocked texturing inside the vertebral canal) that can be used to infer the presence of these structures in extinct taxa with similar respiratory systems.
An overview of some classical models and discussion of the signature‐based models of preventive maintenance
Authors: Asadi Majid , Hashemi Marzieh , Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy
Published: March 2022

In reliability engineering literature, a large number of research papers on optimal preventive maintenance (PM) of technical systems (networks) have appeared based on preliminary many different approaches. According to the existing literature on PM strategies, the authors have considered two scenarios for the component failures of the system. The first scenario assumes that the components of the system fail due to aging, while the second scenario assumes the system fails according to the fatal shocks arriving at the system from external or internal sources. This article reviews different approaches on the optimal strategies proposed in the literature on the optimal maintenance of multi‐component coherent systems. The emphasis of the article is on PM models given in the literature whose optimization criteria (cost function and stationary availability) are developed by using the signature‐based (survival signature‐based) reliability of the system lifetime. The notions of signature and survival signature, defined for systems consisting of one type or multiple types of components, respectively, are powerful tools assessing the reliability and stochastic properties of coherent systems. After giving an overview of the research works on age‐based PM models of one‐unit systems and ‐out‐of‐ systems, we provide a more detailed review of recent results on the signature‐based and survival signature‐based PM models of complex systems. In order to illustrate the theoretical results on different proposed PM models, we examine two real examples of coherent systems both numerically and graphically.
Fertigteilbauweise mit Carbonbeton und Aerogel‐Wärmedämmung
Authors: Stelzmann Mario , Zocher Birgit , Pickert Ludwig , Bendl H. , Kahnt Alexander , Holschemacher Klaus
Published: March 2022

Die Umsetzung der CUBE BOX stellt einen Meilenstein in der Entwicklung des Carbonbetonbaus im Hochbau dar. Zum ersten Mal entstand ein industriell gefertigtes Gebäude komplett aus Carbonbeton. Im Rahmen des Bauprojekts wurden Stahlbeton(halb)fertigteile in die Carbonbetonbauweise überführt. Ferner beschreibt der Beitrag die Integration von Aerogel‐Wärmedämmungen in den Betonfertigteilbau. Ausgehend von verschiedenen Problemstellungen bei der Planung der Carbonbetonbauteile sind die notwendigen Prozessschritte zur Herstellung und Montage der Halbfertigteilwände und der Fertigteildecken beschrieben. Eine besondere Herausforderung des Projekts war die Verwendung einer automatisierten Fertigungsstrecke im Betonfertigteilwerk. Im Detail erfolgt die Darstellung der wesentlichen Arbeitsschritte aus Praxissicht.
CUBE Projektvorstellung
Authors: Kupke Marén
Published: March 2022

Mit dem Projekt CUBE sind nicht nur die Entwicklung und Herstellung schlanker, tragender und wärmegedämmter Carbonbetonbauteile gelungen, sondern auch die Planung, Nachweisführung, Genehmigung und Umsetzung des weltweit ersten kompletten Gebäudes in Carbonbetonbauweise. Bei der Gestaltung des CUBE wurden zur Demonstration der breiten Einsetzbarkeit von Carbonbeton sowohl frei geformte als auch ebene Bauteile genutzt. In den nächsten Jahren wird das Gebäude umfassend untersucht, dabei stehen besonders die Erprobung und Bewertung der bauphysikalischen Eigenschaften, der Gebrauchstauglichkeit und Dauerhaftigkeit sowie der optischen Qualität im Fokus. Damit können nun der erreichte Stand der Entwicklungen in der Carbonbetonbauweise für Fachinteressierte und auch für eine breite Öffentlichkeit dargestellt, weitere Erkenntnisse zum Langzeitverhalten des Baumaterials gewonnen und die Erfahrungen und Entwicklungsergebnisse aus dem Projekt für zukünftige Carbonbetongebäude genutzt werden.
Bayesian analysis of one‐inflated models for elusive population size estimation
Authors: Tuoto Tiziana , Di Cecco Davide , Tancredi Andrea
Published: March 2022

The identification and treatment of “one‐inflation” in estimating the size of an elusive population has received increasing attention in capture–recapture literature in recent years. The phenomenon occurs when the number of units captured exactly once clearly exceeds the expectation under a baseline count distribution. Ignoring one‐inflation has serious consequences for estimation of the population size, which can be drastically overestimated. In this paper we propose a Bayesian approach for Poisson, geometric, and negative binomial one‐inflated count distributions. Posterior inference for population size will be obtained applying a Gibbs sampler approach. We also provide a Bayesian approach to model selection. We illustrate the proposed methodology with simulated and real data and propose a new application in official statistics to estimate the number of people implicated in the exploitation of prostitution in Italy.
Up‐recycling oil produced water as the media‐base for the production of xanthan gum
Authors: Sampaio Igor Carvalho Fontes , Jorge Louro Crugeira Pedro , de Azevedo Santos Ferreira Joalene , Nunes dos Santos Jacson , Borges Torres Lima Matos Josilene , Luiz Barbosa Pinheiro Antonio , Chinalia Fabio Alexandre , Fernando de Almeida Paulo
Published: March 2022

Produced water (PW) and crude glycerin (CG) are compounds overproduced by the oil and biodiesel industry and significant scientific efforts are being applied for properly recycling them. The aim of this research is to combine such industrial byproducts for sustaining the production of xanthan by Xanthomonas campestris. Xanthan yields and viscosity on distinct PW ratios (0, 10, 15, 25, 50, 100) and on 100% dialyzed PW (DPW) in shaker batch testing identified DPW treatment as the best approach for further bioreactor experiments. Such experiments showed a xanthan yield of 17.3 g/L within 54 h and a viscosity of 512 mPa s. Physical‐chemical characterization (energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy) showed similarities between the produced gum and the experimental control. This research shows a clear alternative for upcycling high salinity PW and CG for the generation of a valued bioproduct for the oil industry.
Examining the roadblocks of circular economy adoption in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) through sustainable development goals
Authors: Virmani Naveen , Saxena Prateek , Raut Rakesh D.
Published: March 2022

The linear economy model is being transformed into a circular model to positively impact the environment, society, business, and sustainable development goals. However, emerging economies such as India face many significant roadblocks adapting to a circular model. Therefore, this study attempts first to assess and visualize the roadblocks in circular economy adoption in Indian micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSME) and then identify and evaluate the solutions to overcome these roadblocks. This paper explores 31 critical roadblocks and proposes 14 solutions in the pathway of circular economy through extant literature and expert inputs. Graph theory matrix approach (GTMA) is applied to calculate the comprehensive circular economy roadblock index. This value signifies the intensity of roadblocks taken altogether in an industry under consideration. Furthermore, fuzzy stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (fuzzy‐SWARA) is used to compute the weights of individual roadblocks. After that, fuzzy‐weighted aggregated sum product assessment (fuzzy‐WASPAS) is used to rank the identified solutions and efficiently implement a circular economy. Finally, the research presents sensitivity analysis and the theoretical and managerial implications of the findings.
Osteopenia in a young man associated with the use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate
Authors: Li Chunmei , Li Hui , Gong Ming , Wei Jia
Published: March 2022

Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is a recommended first‐line therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B, although the frequent Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate related adverse drug reactions are nephrotoxicity and bone toxicity. We described the case of a 21‐year‐old Han Chinese male patient with chronic hepatitis B with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate‐associated osteopenia. The patient presented osteopenia at the site of his femoral neck with bone mineral density 0.865g/cm2 (Z = −1.9) in January 2020. Nine months after switching to TAF, bone mineral density at left femoral neck improved to 0.978g/cm2 (Z = −1.0) in September 2020. Bone mineral density of this patients was normal in January 2021. This is the first report in very young man presenting tenofovir disoproxil fumarate‐associated osteopenia.
Need for liver biopsy in pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis diagnosis regardless of improvement in liver damage through weight loss
Authors: Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Koji Azusa , Yoshiura Masato
Published: March 2022

Liver biopsy is recommended for obese children with fatty liver disease to ensure that nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is not overlooked. Even in pediatric cases, regardless of the improvement in liver damage through weight loss, children should be tested and treated with the possibility of NASH in mind.
Novel 8%‐TiO2‐nanoparticle‐reinforced dense polycrystalline bovine hydroxyapatite bioceramic
Authors: de Azevedo‐Silva Lucas José , Ferrairo Brunna Mota , Pires Luara Aline , Padovini David Santos Souza , Dias Leonardo Francisco Gonçalves , Erbereli Rogério , Fortulan Carlos Alberto , Lisboa‐Filho Paulo Noronha , Rubo José Henrique , Borges Ana Flávia Sanches
Published: March 2022

This study aimed to produce and characterize the microstructure and mechanical properties of dense polycrystalline bovine hydroxyapatite (DPBHA) bioceramics with 5% and 8% of TiO2 nanoparticles after final synthetization for future use in dental implants. Structural characterization was obtained from analyzes by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and relative density and apparent porosity. The mechanical characterization was performed by measuring the fracture toughness after three‐point flexural strength (FS) test. The microstructural characterization results showed no secondary phase formation and nonhomogeneous nanoparticle dispersion in HA matrix. DPBHA/Np8% (2.9 ± 0.09 g/cm3) exhibited significantly greater density than DPBHA (2.7 ± 0.03 g/cm3) (p = 0.011) and DPBHA/Np5% (2.7 ± 0.05 g/cm3) (p = 0.041). DPBHA (0.9%) had the smallest porosity followed by DPBHA/Np8% (3.4%). DPBHA/Np5% (4.5%) exhibited the greatest proportion of pores. Pure HA (51.7 ± 10.3 MPa) and DPBHA/Np8% (47.4 ± 6.4 MPa) had significant greater FS (p < 0.001) than DPBHA/Np5% (28.8 ± 3.1 MPa). DPBHA (0.43 ± 0.01 MPa m1/2) and DPBHA/Np8% (0.40 ± 0.06 MPa m1/2) presented greater KIc than DPBHA/Np5% (0.23 ± 0.02 MPa m1/2) (p < 0.003; p < 0.007). In conclusion, 8% TiO2 nanoparticle addition to this synthesis would be a promising HA blend, as mechanical properties were similar, and the relative density/apparent porosity showed superior results than those of the DPBHA.
Solvent‐Free Thermal Synthesis of Extra‐Large‐Pore Aluminophosphate Zeotype via Self‐Assembly of Double‐Four‐Ring Unit
Authors: Huang Pengfei , Wei Ying , Hou Xiaozhe , Yao Zhenjiang , Li Haojie , Liang Yan , Jia Jingbo , Zhang Ling , Zhang Runduo
Published: March 2022

The use of Ge as framework atom to direct the formation of double‐four‐ring (d4r) unit is an effective way to prepare zeolite with extra‐large pores, which however also brings about serious problems with regard to production cost and structure stability for their practical application. A new solvent‐free thermal synthesis strategy is presented here for facile preparation and molecular‐level mechanism study of extra‐large‐pore aluminophosphate zeotype DNL‐1 with ‐CLO structure. For the first time, the formation of intermediate d4r in the induction period was successfully confirmed, and was correlated with the synthesis condition of low water content and quaternary ammonium template with suitable alkyl chain length. The self‐assembly pathway via d4r to form lta, afterwards clo and super cages was further revealed. This work shed light on the rational synthesis of Ge‐free extra‐large‐pore zeotypes based on d4r route.
Carbon‐coated Vanadium Oxide Nanoflowers with K+ Ions Pre‐embedment as a High‐rate Cathode for Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhou Min , Ma Jiajun , Yang Wensheng , Lu Shengshang , Tao Benfu , Qiu Liren , Wang Xinhai , Xie Quan , Ruan Yunjun
Published: March 2022

Recently, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries have become a promising candidate for energy storage devices due to their low cost, high capacity, and environmental friendliness. However, the low electrical conductivity and irreversible Zn2+ intercalation/extraction of cathode materials limit the rate performance and cycling stability of Zn‐ion batteries. Herein, carbon‐coated V2O5 nanoflowers with K+ pre‐embedment (KVO‐C) were synthesized by hydrothermal and high‐temperature annealing methods, showing enhanced electrical conductivity and crystallinity. Assembled with Zn anode and 2 M Zn(CF3SO3)2 electrolyte, the optimized KVO‐C3 battery achieves a high specific capacity of 389.2 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and retains 85% even with a 50‐fold increase in current density and cycling back to 0.1 A g−1. KVO‐C3 also shows excellent capacity retention of 77% and coulomb efficiency of nearly 100% after 2000 cycles and delivers a high energy density of 209 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 3500 W kg−1.
Genome‐wide association mapping of agronomic traits and grain characteristics in spring wheat under conventional and organic management systems
Authors: Semagn Kassa , Iqbal Muhammad , N'Diaye Amidou , Pozniak Curtis J. , Ciechanowska Izabela , Barbu Steliana‐Paula , Spaner Dean
Published: March 2022

Previous genome‐wide association studies in Canadian spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were based on consensus linkage maps of small population sizes. Here, we used a panel of 192 spring wheat cultivars widely used in western Canada to (a) explore the allelic variation and effects of six known genes and (b) identify genomic regions associated with eight agronomic traits and grain characteristics using the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium (IWGSC) RefSeq v2.0 map. The panel was evaluated for heading, maturity, plant height, lodging, grain yield, grain protein content, test weight, and kernel weight under four conventionally (high N) and three organically (low N) managed environments and genotyped with the wheat 90K single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array of which 23,342 SNPs were polymorphic. Using gene‐specific functional markers, the proportion of homozygous genotypes with favorable alleles was low for Fhb1 (7–8%), Rht‐D1 (14%), and Rht‐B1 (18%); moderate for Lr34/Yr18 (28–39%); and high for Glu‐A1 (78%) and Glu‐D1 (85%). We identified a total of 172 SNPs located at 94 genomic regions across 19 chromosomes of which 82 regions were associated with a single trait and 12 regions coincided with two to three traits. Twenty‐seven of the 94 regions (28%) were common between the conventional and organic managements systems; the remaining were management specific. Two of the identified regions on chromosome 5A (586.5–588.6 Mb) and 5B (575.8 Mb) coincided with the vernalization response Vrn‐A1 and Vrn‐B1 genes, respectively. The IWGSC RefSeq v2.0 physical positions presented here would serve as the basis for easily comparing independent discovery studies in the future.
Human endogenous retroviruses in viral disease and therapy
Authors: Li Yian , Fan Tianjiao , Cui Jie
Published: March 2022

As retained sequences of ancient retroviruses, human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are widespread in the human genome. Although most HERVs have been inert throughout evolution, several HERVs are still functional and involved in various diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, cancer, neurological diseases and viral infection. Hence, certain types of therapies targeting HERVs or utilizing HERV tools have been developed. Here, we summarize recent findings on the role of HERVs in viral infection, including HERV dysregulation in different kinds of viral infections and the potential mechanisms of HERV‐mediated antiviral immunity. In addition, we provide an overview of HERV‐related therapies that directly target HERVs or are indirectly based on HERVs to improve the efficacy of vaccines and drugs.
Single carrier variable rate scheme and modified carrier allocation over a wireless channel with carrier frequency offset
Authors: Khan Abdul Rauf , Kumar Preetam
Published: March 2022

Cyclic Prefix Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (CP‐OFDM) is the backbone for the 5G, Internet of Things (IoT), and future generation wireless networks. However, OFDM is less localized in the frequency domain, and that's why more sensitive to carrier frequency offset (CFO). In this paper, different multicarrier variable rate schemes are evaluated in the presence of CFO. Additionally, variable rate schemes based on group orthogonal‐orthogonal frequency division multiple access (GO‐OFDMA) are discussed, and the effect of changing carrier allocation is examined. Different allocation schemes along with different variable rate schemes are verified in the presence of the CFO. Further for Up‐link variable rate application, single‐carrier scenario for the variable rate is proposed in this paper, and bit error rate (BER) performance is evaluated and compared with the variable rate GO‐OFDMA.
Prevalence, management, and outcomes of haemorrhagic events in left ventricular assist device recipients
Authors: Pourtau Laetitia , Beneyto Maxime , Porterie Jean , Roncalli Jerome , Massot Montse , Biendel Caroline , Fournier Pauline , Itier Romain , Galinier Michel , Lairez Olivier , Delmas Clement
Published: March 2022

Aims

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) have reduced the mortality of patients with advanced heart failure both as bridge‐to‐transplant and as destination therapy. However, LVADs are associated with various complications, including bleedings, which affect the prognosis. The aim of the study was to explore the prevalence, management, and outcomes of haemorrhagic adverse events in LVAD recipients.

Methods and results

We conducted a retrospective, single‐centre, cohort study including all patients who received an LVAD from January 2008 to December 2019 in our tertiary centre (Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France). Bleeding events, death, and heart transplantation were collected from electronic medical files. Eighty‐eight patients were included, and 43 (49%) presented at least one bleeding event. Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding was the most frequent (n = 21, 24%), followed by epistaxis (n = 12, 14%) and intracranial haemorrhage (n = 9, 10%). Bleeding events were associated with increased mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 3.8, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5–9.3, P < 0.01], particularly in case of intracranial haemorrhage (HR 14.6, 95% CI 4.2–51.1, P < 0.0001). GI bleedings were associated with a trend towards increased mortality (HR 3.0, 95% CI 0.9–9.3, P = 0.05). Each bleeding episode multiplied the risk of death by 1.8 (95% CI 1.2–2.7, P < 0.01). Finally, only early bleedings (<9 months post‐implantation) had an impact on mortality (HR 4.2, 95% CI 1.6–11.1, P < 0.01). Therapeutic management was mainly based on temporary interruption of anticoagulation and permanent interruption of antiplatelet therapy. Invasive management was rarely performed.

Conclusions

Haemorrhagic events in LVAD recipients are frequent and associated with increased mortality. GI bleedings are the most frequent, and intracranial haemorrhages the most associated with mortality. Management remains empirical requiring more research.