bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Large‐Storm Dominance in High‐Resolution GCMs and Observations Across the Western Contiguous United States
Authors: Bjarke Nels R. , Livneh Ben , Barsugli Joseph J. , Pendergrass Angeline G. , Small Eric E.
Published: June 2024

Extreme precipitation events are projected to increase in frequency across much of the land‐surface as the global climate warms, but such projections have typically relied on coarse‐resolution (100–250 km) general circulation models (GCMs). The ensemble of HighResMIP GCMs presents an opportunity to evaluate how a more finely resolved atmosphere and land‐surface might enhance the fidelity of the simulated contribution of large‐magnitude storms to total precipitation, particularly across topographically complex terrain. Here, the simulation of large‐storm dominance, that is, the number of wettest days to reach half of the total annual precipitation, is quantified across the western United States (WUS) using four GCMs within the HighResMIP ensemble and their coarse resolution counterparts. Historical GCM simulations (1950–2014) are evaluated against a baseline generated from station‐observed daily precipitation (4,803 GHCN‐D stations) and from three gridded, observationally based precipitation data sets that are coarsened to match the resolution of the GCMs. All coarse‐resolution simulations produce less large‐storm dominance than in observations across the WUS. For two of the four GCMs, bias in the median large‐storm dominance is reduced in the HighResMIP simulation, decreasing by as much as 62% in the intermountain west region. However, the other GCMs show little change or even an increase (+28%) in bias of median large‐storm dominance across multiple sub‐regions. The spread in differences with resolution amongst GCMs suggests that, in addition to resolution, model structure and parameterization of precipitation generating processes also contribute to bias in simulated large‐storm dominance.
The Physical Activity and Cancer Control (PACC) framework: update on the evidence, guidelines, and future research priorities
Authors: Yang Lin , Courneya Kerry S. , Friedenreich Christine M.
Published: June 2024

Background

We proposed the Physical Activity and Cancer Control (PACC) framework in 2007 to help organise, focus, and stimulate research on physical activity in eight cancer control categories: prevention, detection, treatment preparation/coping, treatment coping/effectiveness, recovery/rehabilitation, disease prevention/health promotion, palliation, and survival.

Methods

This perspective paper provides a high-level overview of the scientific advances in physical activity research across cancer control categories, summarises current guidelines, updates the PACC framework, identifies remaining and emerging knowledge gaps, and provides future research directions.

Results

Many scientific advances have been made that are reflected in updated physical activity guidelines for six of the cancer control categories apart from detection and palliation. Nevertheless, the minimal and optimal type, dose, and timing of physical activity across cancer control categories remain unknown, especially for the understudied population subgroups defined by cancer type, age, race/ethnicity, and resource level of regions/countries.

Conclusion

To achieve the full benefit of physical activity in cancer control, future research should use innovative study designs that include diverse at-risk populations and understudied cancer sites. Additionally, effective behaviour change strategies are needed to increase physical activity levels across populations that use implementation science to accelerate the translation from evidence generation into practical, real-world interventions.
Unraveling active sites regulation and temperature-dependent thermodynamic mechanism in photothermocatalytic CO2 conversion with H2O
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Changqi , Liu Yan , Xu Chenyu , Zhang Yanwei
Published: June 2024

In the photothermal synergistic catalytic conversion of CO2 and H2O, the catalyst harnesses solar energy to accumulate heat, thereby elevating the reaction system’s temperature. The influence of this temperature effect on surface chemical reactions remains an underexplored area. Here the impact of temperature on the surface-level thermodynamic reactions and conversion of CO2 with H2O on oxide semiconductors at the atomic scale was investigated using first-principle calculations. 13 different metal oxides and 5 transition metal clusters were used to introduce surface functional sites on the TiO2 supporting catalyst. The potential metal oxide cocatalysts that could be most beneficial to the following conversion of CO2 by H2O were initially screened by calculating the degrees of promotion of CO2 adsorption and activation of surface H to provide protons. The proton donation and hydrogen evolution difficulty from H2O were further analyzed, identifying transition metal cocatalysts that promote direct CO2 hydrogenation. Upon introducing bifunctional sites to facilitate adsorption and reduction, the production of CH3OH and CH4 could be further enhanced through the facilitation of the proton donation process of H2O. The results of Gibbs free-energy calculations revealed that increasing temperature enhances the reaction thermodynamics for each C1 product formation at different surface sites to varying degrees. These findings offer valuable theoretical insights for designing and regulating active sites on oxide semiconductor surfaces for efficient photothermal catalytic CO2 reduction by H2O.
A gH/gL-encoding replicon vaccine elicits neutralizing antibodies that protect humanized mice against EBV challenge
Authors: Edwards Kristina R. , Malhi Harman , Schmidt Karina , Davis Amelia R. , Homad Leah J. , Warner Nikole L. , Chhan Crystal B. , Scharffenberger Samuel C. , Gaffney Karen , Hinkley Troy , Potchen Nicole B. , Wang Jing Yang , Price Jason , McElrath M. Juliana , Olson James , King Neil P. , Lund Jennifer M. , Moodie Zoe , Erasmus Jesse H. , McGuire Andrew T.
Published: June 2024

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with several malignancies, neurodegenerative disorders and is the causative agent of infectious mononucleosis. A vaccine that prevents EBV-driven morbidity and mortality remains an unmet need. EBV is orally transmitted, infecting both B cells and epithelial cells. Several virally encoded proteins are involved in entry. The gH/gL glycoprotein complex is essential for infectivity irrespective of cell type, while gp42 is essential for infection of B cells. gp350 promotes viral attachment by binding to CD21 or CD35 and is the most abundant glycoprotein on the virion. gH/gL, gp42 and gp350, are known targets of neutralizing antibodies and therefore relevant immunogens for vaccine development. Here, we developed and optimized the delivery of several alphavirus-derived replicon RNA (repRNA) vaccine candidates encoding gH/gL, gH/gL/gp42 or gp350 delivered by a cationic nanocarrier termed LION™. The lead candidate, encoding full-length gH/gL, elicited high titers of neutralizing antibodies that persisted for at least 8 months and a vaccine-specific CD8+ T cell response. Transfer of vaccine-elicited IgG protected humanized mice from EBV-driven tumor formation and death following high-dose viral challenge. These data demonstrate that LION/repRNA-gH/gL is an ideal candidate vaccine for preventing EBV infection and/or related malignancies in humans.
Macrophage-derived CD36 + exosome subpopulations as novel biomarkers of Candida albicans infection
Authors: Li Shuo , Xv Yanyan , Sun Yuanyuan , Shen Ziyi , Hao Ruiying , Yan Jingjing , Liu Mengru , Liu Zhao , Jing Tingting , Li Xiaojing , Zhang Xiujuan
Published: June 2024

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a notable healthcare-associated fungal infection, characterized by high morbidity, mortality, and substantial treatment costs. Candida albicans emerges as a principal pathogen in this context. Recent academic advancements have shed light on the critical role of exosomes in key biological processes, such as immune responses and antigen presentation. This burgeoning body of research underscores the potential of exosomes in the realm of medical diagnostics and therapeutics, particularly in relation to fungal infections like IC. The exploration of exosomal functions in the pathophysiology of IC not only enhances our understanding of the disease but also opens new avenues for innovative therapeutic interventions. In this investigation, we focus on exosomes (Exos) secreted by macrophages, both uninfected and those infected with C. albicans. Our objective is to extract and analyze these exosomes, delving into the nuances of their protein compositions and subgroups. To achieve this, we employ an innovative technique known as Proximity Barcoding Assay (PBA). This methodology is pivotal in our quest to identify novel biological targets, which could significantly enhance the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for C. albicans infection. The comparative analysis of exosomal contents from these two distinct cellular states promises to yield insightful data, potentially leading to breakthroughs in understanding and treating this invasive fungal infection. In our study, we analyzed differentially expressed proteins in exosomes from macrophages and C. albicans -infected macrophages, focusing on proteins such as ACE2, CD36, CAV1, LAMP2, CD27, and MPO. We also examined exosome subpopulations, finding a dominant expression of MPO in the most prevalent subgroup, and a distinct expression of CD36 in cluster14. These findings are crucial for understanding the host response to C. albicans and may inform targeted diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Our study leads us to infer that MPO and CD36 proteins may play roles in the immune escape mechanisms of C. albicans. Additionally, the CD36 exosome subpopulations, identified through our analysis, could serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for C. albicans infection. This insight opens new avenues for understanding the infection's pathology and developing targeted treatments.
Exploring the impact of maternal factors and dietary habits on human milk oligosaccharide composition in early breastfeeding among Mexican women
Authors: Urrutia-Baca Víctor H. , Gutiérrez-Uribe Janet A. , Ramos-Parra Perla A. , Domínguez-Uscanga Astrid , Rodriguez-Gutierrez Nora A. , Chavez-Caraza Karla L. , Martinez-Cano Ilen , Padilla-Garza Alicia S. , Ruiz-Villarreal Elias G. , Espiricueta-Candelaria Francisca , Chuck-Hernández Cristina
Published: June 2024

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) promote adequate intestinal microbiota development and favor the immune system's maturation and cognitive development. In addition to non-modifiable factors, HMOs composition can be influenced by other factors like body mass index and eating habits, but the reports are discrepant. The aim of this work was to describe the correlation between maternal factors and HMOs concentration in colostrum in 70 women from northeastern Mexico categorized into women with normal weight and women with overweight or obesity. The absolute concentration of six HMOs were significantly lower in women with overweight or obesity compared to women with normal weight (LNFPI p = 0.0021, 2’-FL p = 0.0304, LNT p = 0.0492, LNnT p = 0.00026, 3’-SL p = 0.0476, 6’-SL p = 0.00041). Another main finding was that the frequency of consumption of food groups such as vegetables, fruits and meats was positively correlated to specific HMOs (Poblano chili and 2’-FL; rs = 0.702, p = 0.0012; Orange or tangerine and 3-FL; rs = 0.428, p = 0.0022; Chicken and 2'-FL; rs = 0.615, p = 0.0039). This study contributes to the elucidation of how maternal factors influence the composition of HMOs and opens possibilities for future research aimed at mitigating overweight or obesity, consequently improving the quality of human milk.
Optimizing nutrient utilization, hydraulic loading rate, and feed conversion ratios through freshwater IMTA-aquaponic and hydroponic systems as an environmentally sustainable aquaculture concept
Authors: Goda Ashraf M. A.-S. , Aboseif Ahmed M. , Taha Mostafa K. S. , Mohammady Eman Y. , Aboushabana Nevine M. , Nazmi Hani M. , Zaher Marwa M. , Aly Hadir A. , El-Okaby Mohamed A. S. , Otazua Nora Ibáñez , Ashour Mohamed
Published: June 2024

Water quality in land-based fish production can be controlled through either instantaneous water exchange or costly wastewater treatment followed by recirculation. Agricultural-aquaculture integration is an excellent alternative technique for reducing nutrient discharge levels, boosting profitability, and converting fish culture wastewater into valuable products. The current study employed a solar energy system to power two separate IMTA-aquaponics systems (Nutrient Film Technique, NFT, and Floating Raft Systems, FRS) for the cultivation of Nile tilapia, African catfish, thin-lipped grey mullet, freshwater crayfish, freshwater mussels, and a variety of vegetables. Tilapia and catfish were fed exclusively on diets under the IMTA system. All wastewater from tilapia and catfish ponds, both dissolved and solid, flows sequentially to ponds containing other cultivated species. The water then flows through the IMTA system's terminal point to the NFT and FRS systems before returning to the tilapia and catfish ponds, allowing complete control of the nutrient flow throughout this entire circular system. Two 147-day production cycles were concluded. The results from the second production cycle are reported. Total biomass gain for aquatic species in the IMTA system was 736.46 kg, compared to 145.49 kg in the tilapia and 271.01 kg in the catfish monoculture systems. The current IMTA system had a cumulative feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 0.90, while the FCRs for tilapia and catfish were 1.28 and 1.42, respectively. Nile tilapia and catfish consumed 571.90 kg of feed containing 25.70 kg of nitrogen (N) and 9.70 kg of phosphorus (P), reflecting, and gaining 11.41 and 3.93 kg of dietary N and P, representing 44.40 and 40.46% dietary N and P retention, respectively. In the IMTA system, the addition of mullet and prawn as detrivores aquatic animals improves dietary N and P utilization efficiency to 59.06 and 51.19%, respectively, while the addition of mussels as herbivore animals improves dietary N and P utilization efficiency to 65.61 and 54.67%, respectively. Finally, using FRS and NFT as hydroponic systems increased dietary N and P efficiency to 83.51% N and 96.82% P, respectively. This study shows that the IMTA-Aquaponic system, as a bio-integrated food production system, can convert the majority of fish-fed residues into valuable products suitable for desert, rural, and urban areas in impoverished and developing countries.
Detrimental interactions of hypoxia and complement MASP-1 in endothelial cells as a model for atherosclerosis-related diseases
Authors: Demeter Flóra , Németh Zsuzsanna , Kajdácsi Erika , Bihari György , Dobó József , Gál Péter , Cervenak László
Published: June 2024

Both hypoxia and the complement lectin pathway (CLP) are involved in atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-related stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We have previously shown that mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease-1 (MASP-1), the most abundant enzyme of CLP, induces an inflammatory phenotype of endothelial cells (ECs) by cleaving protease activated receptors (PARs). In the absence of data, we aimed to investigate whether hypoxia and MASP-1 interact at the level of ECs, to better understand their role in atherosclerosis-related diseases. Hypoxia attenuated the wound healing ability of ECs, increased ICAM-1 and decreased ICAM-2 expression and upregulated PAR2 gene expression. Hypoxia and MASP-1 increased GROα and IL-8 production, and endothelial permeability without potentiating each other’s effects, whereas they cooperatively disrupted vascular network integrity, activated the Ca2+, CREB and NFκB signaling pathways, and upregulated the expression of E-selectin, a crucial adhesion molecule in neutrophil homing. VCAM-1 expression was not influenced either by hypoxia, or by MASP-1. In summary, hypoxia potentiates the effect of MASP-1 on ECs, at least partially by increasing PAR expression, resulting in interaction at several levels, which may altogether exacerbate stroke and AMI progression. Our findings suggest that MASP-1 is a potential drug target in the acute phase of atherosclerosis-related diseases.
Simulation-driven design of smart gloves for gesture recognition
Authors: Leite Clayton , Byvshev Petr , Mauranen Henry , Xiao Yu
Published: June 2024

Smart gloves are in high demand for entertainment, manufacturing, and rehabilitation. However, designing smart gloves has been complex and costly due to trial and error. We propose an open simulation platform for designing smart gloves, including optimal sensor placement and deep learning models for gesture recognition, with reduced costs and manual effort. Our pipeline starts with 3D hand pose extraction from videos and extends to the refinement and conversion of the poses into hand joint angles based on inverse kinematics, the sensor placement optimization based on hand joint analysis, and the training of deep learning models using simulated sensor data. In comparison to the existing platforms that always require precise motion data as input, our platform takes monocular videos, which can be captured with widely available smartphones or web cameras, as input and integrates novel approaches to minimize the impact of the errors induced by imprecise motion extraction from videos. Moreover, our platform enables more efficient sensor placement selection. We demonstrate how the pipeline works and how it delivers a sensible design for smart gloves in a real-life case study. We also evaluate the performance of each building block and its impact on the reliability of the generated design.
Green synthesis of nanohydroxyapatite with Elaeagnus angustifolia L. extract as a metronidazole nanocarrier for in vitro pulpitis model treatment
Authors: Sarfi Sepideh , Azaryan Ehsaneh , Hanafi-Bojd Mohammad Yahya , Emadian Razavi Fariba , Naseri Mohsen
Published: June 2024

The aim of this study is to introduce a dental capping agent for the treatment of pulp inflammation (pulpitis). Nanohydroxyapatite with Elaeagnus angustifolia L. extract (nHAEA) loaded with metronidazole (nHAEA@MTZ) was synthesized and evaluated using a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro model of pulpitis. nHAEA was synthesized through sol–gel method and analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, and Brunauer Emmett Teller. Inflammation in human dental pulp stem cells (HDPSCs) induced by LPS. A scratch test assessed cell migration, RT PCR measured cytokines levels, and Alizarin red staining quantified odontogenesis. The nHAEA nanorods were 17–23 nm wide and 93–146 nm length, with an average pore diameter of 27/312 nm, and a surface area of 210.89 m2/g. MTZ loading content with controlled release, suggesting suitability for therapeutic applications. nHAEA@MTZ did not affect the odontogenic abilities of HDPSCs more than nHAEA. However, it was observed that nHAEA@MTZ demonstrated a more pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. HDPSCs treated with nanoparticles exhibited improved migration compared to other groups. These findings demonstrated that nHAEA@MTZ could be an effective material for pulp capping and may be more effective than nHAEA in reducing inflammation and activating HDPSCs to enhance pulp repair after pulp damage.
Tracing the invisible mutant ADNP protein in Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome patients
Authors: D’Incal Claudio Peter , Cappuyns Elisa , Choukri Kaoutar , De Man Kevin , Szrama Kristy , Konings Anthony , Bastini Lina , Van Meel Kim , Buys Amber , Gabriele Michele , Rizzuti Ludovico , Vitriolo Alessandro , Testa Giuseppe , Mohn Fabio , Bühler Marc , Van der Aa Nathalie , Van Dijck Anke , Kooy R. Frank , Berghe Wim Vanden
Published: June 2024

Heterozygous de novo mutations in the Activity-Dependent Neuroprotective Homeobox (ADNP) gene underlie Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome (HVDAS). Most of these mutations are situated in the last exon and we previously demonstrated escape from nonsense-mediated decay by detecting mutant ADNP mRNA in patient blood. In this study, wild-type and ADNP mutants are investigated at the protein level and therefore optimal detection of the protein is required. Detection of ADNP by means of western blotting has been ambiguous with reported antibodies resulting in non-specific bands without unique ADNP signal. Validation of an N-terminal ADNP antibody (Aviva Systems) using a blocking peptide competition assay allowed to differentiate between specific and non-specific signals in different sample materials, resulting in a unique band signal around 150 kDa for ADNP, above its theoretical molecular weight of 124 kDa. Detection with different C-terminal antibodies confirmed the signals at an observed molecular weight of 150 kDa. Our antibody panel was subsequently tested by immunoblotting, comparing parental and homozygous CRISPR/Cas9 endonuclease-mediated Adnp knockout cell lines and showed disappearance of the 150 kDa signal, indicative for intact ADNP. By means of both a GFPSpark and Flag-tag N-terminally fused to a human ADNP expression vector, we detected wild-type ADNP together with mutant forms after introduction of patient mutations in E. coli expression systems by site-directed mutagenesis. Furthermore, we were also able to visualize endogenous ADNP with our C-terminal antibody panel in heterozygous cell lines carrying ADNP patient mutations, while the truncated ADNP mutants could only be detected with epitope-tag-specific antibodies, suggesting that addition of an epitope-tag possibly helps stabilizing the protein. However, western blotting of patient-derived hiPSCs, immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines and post-mortem patient brain material failed to detect a native mutant ADNP protein. In addition, an N-terminal immunoprecipitation-competent ADNP antibody enriched truncating mutants in overexpression lysates, whereas implementation of the same method failed to enrich a possible native mutant protein in immortalized patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines. This study aims to shape awareness for critical assessment of mutant ADNP protein analysis in Helsmoortel-Van der Aa syndrome.
Physics-constrained machine learning for electrodynamics without gauge ambiguity based on Fourier transformed Maxwell’s equations
Authors: Leon Christopher , Scheinker Alexander
Published: June 2024

We utilize a Fourier transformation-based representation of Maxwell’s equations to develop physics-constrained neural networks for electrodynamics without gauge ambiguity, which we label the Fourier–Helmholtz–Maxwell neural operator method. In this approach, both of Gauss’s laws and Faraday’s law are built in as hard constraints, as well as the longitudinal component of Ampère–Maxwell in Fourier space, assuming the continuity equation. An encoder–decoder network acts as a solution operator for the transverse components of the Fourier transformed vector potential, $$\hat{{\textbf {A}}}_\perp ({\textbf {k}}, t)$$

A
^

⊥

(
k
,
t
)

, whose two degrees of freedom are used to predict the electromagnetic fields. This method was tested on two electron beam simulations. Among the models investigated, it was found that a U-Net architecture exhibited the best performance as it trained quicker, was more accurate and generalized better than the other architectures examined. We demonstrate that our approach is useful for solving Maxwell’s equations for the electromagnetic fields generated by intense relativistic charged particle beams and that it generalizes well to unseen test data, while being orders of magnitude quicker than conventional simulations. We show that the model can be re-trained to make highly accurate predictions in as few as 20 epochs on a previously unseen data set.
One-step hydrothermal synthesis of CeVO4/bentonite nanocomposite as a dual-functional photocatalytic adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solutions
Authors: Farhadi Hajar , Mousavi-Kamazani Mehdi , Keramati Narjes , Alamdari Sanaz
Published: June 2024

Cerium vanadate/modified bentonite (CeVO4/mbt) nanocomposite with different composition percentages was synthesized through a simple one-step hydrothermal method at 180 ℃, and then its photocatalytic activity was evaluated by decolorizing methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous solution under light exposure. In order to increase the surface area as an important parameter in photocatalytic processes, bentonite was modified by ball mill method. The structural and optical properties of the synthesized composites were determined by XRD, FT-IR, DRS, FESEM, EDS, and BET measurements. XRD and EDS results confirmed the successful synthesis of pure CeVO4. FESEM images and EDS mapping showed a proper distribution of rice-like CeVO4 nanoparticles on bentonite. The removal efficiency of MB with only 0.1 g of CeVO4/mbt nanocomposite in 15 min was about 99%, which is significant compared to neat bentonite and pure CeVO4 with efficiency of 30% and 57%. The mentioned nanocomposite followed the first-order kinetics, had a reaction rate constant equal to 0.1483 min–1, and showed acceptable stability in five consecutive cycles.
Exploiting the Fc base of IgG antibodies to create functional nanoparticle conjugates
Authors: Al Qaraghuli Mohammed M. , Kubiak-Ossowska Karina , Ferro Valerie A. , Mulheran Paul A.
Published: June 2024

The structures of the Fc base of various IgG antibodies have been examined with a view to understanding how this region can be used to conjugate IgG to nanoparticles. The base structure is found to be largely consistent across a range of species and subtypes, comprising a hydrophobic region surrounded by hydrophilic residues, some of which are charged at physiological conditions. In addition, atomistic Molecular Dynamics simulations were performed to explore how model nanoparticles interact with the base using neutral and negatively charged gold nanoparticles. Both types of nanoparticle interacted readily with the base, leading to an adaptation of the antibody base surface to enhance the interactions. Furthermore, these interactions left the rest of the domain at the base of the Fc region structurally intact. This implies that coupling nanoparticles to the base of an IgG molecule is both feasible and desirable, since it leaves the antibody free to interact with its surroundings so that antigen-binding functionality can be retained. These results will therefore help guide future attempts to develop new nanotechnologies that exploit the unique properties of both antibodies and nanoparticles.
The role of magnesium oxide foliar sprays in enhancing mint (Mentha crispa L.) tolerance to cadmium stress
Authors: Khanchi Soheil , Hashemi Khabir Seyed Hamed , Hashemi Khabir Seyed Hatef , Golmoghani Asl Reza , Rahimzadeh Saeedeh
Published: June 2024

This study investigates using magnesium foliar spray to enhance mint plants' growth and physiological performance under cadmium toxicity. It examines the effects of foliar application of magnesium oxide (40 mg L−1), in both nano and bulk forms, on mint plants exposed to cadmium stress (60 mg kg−1 soil). Cadmium stress reduced root growth and activity, plant biomass (32%), leaf hydration (19%), chlorophyll levels (27%), magnesium content (51%), and essential oil yield (35%), while increasing oxidative and osmotic stress in leaf tissues. Foliar application of magnesium increased root growth (32%), plant biomass, essential oil production (17%), leaf area (24%), chlorophyll content (10%), soluble sugar synthesis (33%), and antioxidant enzyme activity, and reduced lipid peroxidation and osmotic stress. Although the nano form of magnesium enhanced magnesium absorption, its impact on growth and physiological performance was not significantly different from the bulk form. Therefore, foliar application of both forms improves plants' ability to withstand cadmium toxicity. However, the study is limited by its focus on a single plant species and specific environmental conditions, which may affect the generalizability of the results. The long-term sustainability of such treatments could provide a more comprehensive understanding of magnesium's role in mitigating heavy metal stress in plants.
Thermodynamic effect dictates influence of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation on Eurasia winter temperature
Authors: Wang Huan , Zuo Zhiyan , Zhang Renhe , Peng Li , Zhang Kaiwen , Chen Deliang , Xiao Dong , You Qinglong , Dai Guokun , Zhang Ruonan , Yang Haijun , Chen Xiaodan , Lin Zouxing , Xu Peiqiang , Qiao Liang
Published: June 2024

The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) has garnered attention for its important role in shaping surface air temperature (SAT) patterns over Eurasia. While Eurasian winter SAT was traditionally attributed to changes in large-scale atmospheric circulations associated with the AMO, a careful examination of the latest unforced CMIP6 simulations in this study unveils a significant contribution of the AMO’s thermodynamic effects. Specifically, the heat released from the North Atlantic Ocean and transported to northern Eurasia through westerlies takes precedence over the effect of dynamic Rossby waves, resulting in warm (cold) phases during positive (negative) AMO cycles, along with increased (decreased) warm extremes and reduced (enhanced) cold extremes. This study contributes to an improved understanding of the dominating mechanism of the AMO’s impact on Eurasian SAT.
Zinc and pH modulate the ability of insulin to inhibit aggregation of islet amyloid polypeptide
Authors: McCalpin Samuel D. , Khemtemourian Lucie , Suladze Saba , Ivanova Magdalena I. , Reif Bernd , Ramamoorthy Ayyalusamy
Published: June 2024

Aggregation of the human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) contributes to the development and progression of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). hIAPP aggregates within a few hours at few micromolar concentration in vitro but exists at millimolar concentrations in vivo. Natively occurring inhibitors of hIAPP aggregation might therefore provide a model for drug design against amyloid formation associated with T2D. Here, we describe the combined ability of low pH, zinc, and insulin to inhibit hIAPP fibrillation. Insulin dose-dependently slows hIAPP aggregation near neutral pH but had less effect on the aggregation kinetics at acidic pH. We determine that insulin alters hIAPP aggregation in two manners. First, insulin diverts the aggregation pathway to large nonfibrillar aggregates with ThT-positive molecular structure, rather than to amyloid fibrils. Second, soluble insulin suppresses hIAPP dimer formation, which is an important early aggregation event. Further, we observe that zinc significantly modulates the inhibition of hIAPP aggregation by insulin. We hypothesize that this effect arose from controlling the oligomeric state of insulin and show that hIAPP interacts more strongly with monomeric than oligomeric insulin.
Public perceptions on solar geoengineering from focus groups in 22 countries
Authors: Low Sean , Fritz Livia , Baum Chad M. , Sovacool Benjamin K.
Published: June 2024

Solar geoengineering maintains a vocal presence as a stop-gap measure in assessments of climate and sustainability action. In this paper, we map prospective benefits and risks, and corresponding governance approaches, regarding three major proposals for solar geoengineering (stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, and a space-based sunshield). We do so by engaging with 44 focus groups conducted in 22 countries split between the global North and South. We compare results against previous research on the public perceptions of solar geoengineering as well as wider activities in assessment, innovation, and decision-making. We find that global South groups exhibit greater hope but an arguably richer range of concerns for solar geoengineering, in the context of observable inequities in climate action and potential geopolitical conflict. Meanwhile, a strong, global preference for multilateral coordination and public engagement from the conduct of research onwards is offset by skepticism of effective multilateralism and public discourse.
Drivers of associations between daytime-nighttime compound temperature extremes and mortality in China
Authors: Yang Jun , Zhou Maigeng , Guo Cui , Zhu Sui , Sakhvidi Mohammad Javad Zare , Requia Weeberb J. , Sun Qinghua , Tong Shilu , Li Mengmeng , Liu Qiyong
Published: June 2024

Background

Temperature extremes are anticipated to become more frequent and more intense under the context of climate change. While current evidence on health effects of compound extreme temperature event is scarce.

Methods

This nationwide cross-sectional study collected daily data on weather and mortality for 161 Chinese districts/counties during 2007-2013. A quasi-Poisson generalized linear model was first applied to assess effects of daytime-only, nighttime-only and compound daytime-nighttime heat wave (and cold spell) on cause-specific mortality. Then a random-effect meta-analysis was used to produce pooled estimates at national level. Stratification analyses were performed by relative humidity, individual and regional characteristics.

Results

Here we show that mortality risks of compound daytime-nighttime temperature extremes are much higher than those occurring only in the daytime or nighttime. Humid weather further exaggerates the mortality risk during heat waves, while dry air enhances the risk during cold weather. People who are elderly, illiterate, and those with ischemic heart disease and respiratory disease are particularly vulnerable to extreme temperature. At the community-level, population size, urbanization rate, proportion of elderly and PM2.5 are positively associated with increased risks associated with heat waves. Temperature, humidity and normalized difference vegetation index are positively associated with the effects of cold weather, with an opposite trend for latitude and diurnal temperature range.

Conclusions

This nationwide study highlights the importance of incorporating compound daytime-nighttime extreme temperature events and humid conditions into early warning systems and urban design/planning.
Advancing cancer detection with portable salivary sialic acid testing
Authors: Elgendi Mohamed , Lyzwinski Lynnette , Kübler Eric , Shokurov Alexander V. , Howard Newton , Menon Carlo
Published: June 2024

This perspective emphasizes the robust evidence supporting salivary sialic acid (SA) as a valuable tool for cancer prescreening, particularly for oral and breast cancers. The potential benefits of salivary SA testing include early cancer detection and treatment response monitoring. The challenges and opportunities of developing a portable cancer detection device are discussed. Enabling accessible and timely prescreening through salivary SA testing has the potential to save lives and offer an alternative to mammograms for low-risk groups. Portable Raman spectrometers show promise for SA analysis, but cost and sensitivity challenges need attention. The potential for personalized medicine, multiplexing capabilities, and remote collaboration further enhances the value of portable Raman-based cancer detection devices. Implementing these recommendations may lead to the future use of portable devices in cancer detection through salivary SA analysis. Salivary SA’s promising potential as a prescreening or adjunct biomarker extends beyond the clinical setting, and its integration into routine practice could empower individuals for home-based cancer detection, enabling more convenient and effective health monitoring.
Preparation and evaluation of bioactive cellulose acetate films from Musa acuminata
Authors: Jayakrishnan Achuth , Shahana Shirin , Ayswaria Reshma
Published: June 2024

Natural biodegradable polymers serve as a more sustainable and cost effective solution for food packaging compared to synthetic alternatives.
A self-calibrating flexible SERS substrate incorporating PB@Au assemblies for reliable and reproducible detection
Authors: Zhou Jie , Wang Huiting , Chen Yaxian , Lin Dongxue , Zhang Ling , Xing Zhiqiang , Zhang Qian , Xia Jiarui
Published: June 2024

The precise quantitative analysis using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in an uncontrollable environment still faces a significant obstacle due to the poor reproducibility of Raman signals.
CRISPR-Cas12a-based ultrasensitive assay for visual detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA
Authors: Gong Shaohua , Song Kexin , Pan Wei , Li Na , Tang Bo
Published: June 2024

We have integrated recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) with the CRISPR-Cas12a system to design an ultrasensitive strategy for visual nucleic acid testing.
Facile, green and scalable synthesis of single-layer manganese dioxide nanosheets and its application for GSH and cTnI colorimetric detection
Authors: Xiao Yao , Peng TaoMei , Luo YuXiao , Jiao Lei , Huang TaiXing , Li He
Published: June 2024

A facile, green method and scalable synthesis of MnO2 nanosheets by mixing Shiranui mandarin orange juice and KMnO4. A rapid and robust colorimetric assay was developed for the quantification of GSH and cTnI based on MnO2 nanosheets-TMB system.
Mass spectrometry-intensive top-down proteomics: an update on technology advancements and biomedical applications
Authors: Xu Tian , Wang Qianjie , Wang Qianyi , Sun Liangliang
Published: June 2024

Substantial progress in the technological development of mass spectrometry-based top-down proteomics enabled broad biomedical applications for bettering our understanding of proteoform function in modulating diseases and development.
Near-unity angular anisotropy of circularly polarized luminescence from microspheres of monodispersed chiral conjugated polymers
Authors: Nakayama Sota , Yamagishi Hiroshi , Oki Osamu , Kushida Soh , Chen Junhui , Kuwabara Junpei , Kanbara Takaki , Yospanya Wijak , Oda Reiko , Yamamoto Yohei
Published: June 2024

A microsphere, assembled from a chiral π-conjugated polymer, features a well-organized twisted-bipolar structure and exhibits circularly polarized luminescence with near-unity angular anisotropy.
Guest-selective shape-memory effect in a switchable metal–organic framework DUT-8(Zn)
Authors: Abylgazina Leila , Senkovska Irena , Bon Volodymyr , Bönisch Nadine , Maliuta Mariia , Kaskel Stefan
Published: June 2024

The physisorption of ethanol vapor in DUT-8(Zn) metal–organic framework selectively leads to rigidification and flexibility suppression due to the nano-structuring and surface deformation of the crystals.
Photochemical radical decarboxylative disulfuration of α-keto acids and oxamic acids
Authors: Sun Huangbin , Bin Xueting , Zhang Qianfang , Chen Xiaowen , Tang Jie , Jiang Guofang
Published: June 2024

We have developed a novel reaction that utilizes visible light to mediate the decarboxylative disulfuration of α-keto acids and oxamic acids.
Recent advances in continuous flow synthesis of metal–organic frameworks and their composites
Authors: Senthil Raja Duraisamy , Tsai De-Hao
Published: June 2024

Continuous flow synthesis offers a powerful approach for MOF & composite creation. This review explores its recent advancements, advantages over batch methods, & impact on MOF properties.
Atomic-scale origin of the enantiospecific decomposition of tartaric acid on chiral copper surfaces
Authors: Daniels Avery S. , Gellman Andrew J. , Sykes E. Charles H.
Published: June 2024

Atomic-scale imaging reveals highly enantiospecific restructuring that is dependent on both the enantiomer of tartaric acid and surface chirality.
Modeling the kinetics of hydrogen abstraction reactions in nitrogen-containing compounds via group additivity
Authors: Pappijn Cato A. R. , Van de Vijver Ruben , Sabbe Maarten K. , Reyniers Marie-Françoise , Marin Guy B. , Van Geem Kevin M.
Published: June 2024

New group additivity models are developed based on a newly generated ab initio dataset of 316 reaction rate coefficients that enable the modeling of a broad range of intermolecular hydrogen abstractions of nitrogen-containing components.
Uranyl (UO22+) structuring and dynamics at graphene/electrolyte interface
Authors: Kumar Nitesh
Published: June 2024

This study characterizes the adsorption, speciation, and dynamics of uranyl ions at graphene/electrolyte interfaces, highlighting their role in developing adsorption-based separation methods.
Unassisted photoelectrochemical hydrogen peroxide production over MoOx-supported Mo on a Cu3BiS3 photocathode
Authors: Moon Subin , Park Young Sun , Lee Hyungsoo , Jeong Wooyong , Kwon Eunji , Lee Jeongyoub , Yun Juwon , Lee Soobin , Kim Jun Hwan , Yu Seungho , Moon Jooho
Published: June 2024

MoOx-supported Mo enhances peroxide adsorption strength and electron transport, enhancing H2O2 production efficiency in Cu3BiS3-based photocathode. Finally, unbiased PEC–PEC system coupled with perovskite photoanode shows efficient H2O2 production.
Transforming wastes into functional materials: natural cork-based physical structural components and polymers
Authors: Zhai Wenxiang , Zhong Yijing , Xu Min , Wei Xinli , Cai Liping , Xia Changlei
Published: June 2024

This article systematically reviews the research progress on the natural structure and components of cork, as well as its derived functional polymers and structural components.
Exploring crosslinker effects on fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymers for improved gefitinib delivery in lung cancer theranostics
Authors: Dattilo Marco , Motta Marisa Francesca , Patitucci Francesco , Ferraro Claudia , Parisi Ortensia Ilaria , Puoci Francesco
Published: June 2024

A theranostic nanosystem integrating imprinting technology into a fluorescent monomer demonstrated selective binding and controlled release of gefitinib in NSCLC.
Preparation of bismuth-doped CsPbBr3 perovskite single crystals for X-ray and gamma-ray sensing applications
Authors: Sellan Premkumar , Selvan Manigandan , Perveen Abida , Nasrud Din , Chandrasekar Sakthivel , Venkatraman Pitchaikannu , Nataraj Devaraj , Bae Byung Seong , Onwudiwe Damian Chinedu , Wei Lei
Published: June 2024

Bi-doped CsPbBr3 photodetector device response with X-ray and gamma-ray detection and visible range photodetection.
Upcycling waste plastic into 2D-carbon nanomaterials for high-performance supercapacitors by incorporating NiCo2O4: a sustainable approach to renewable energy
Authors: Bhatt Diksha , Pathak Mayank , Thakur Nishtha , Tatrari Gaurav , Rath Tanmoy , Judeh Zaher , Sahoo Nanda Gopal
Published: June 2024

A two-step catalytic pyrolysis method converts waste plastic into rGO and NiCo2O4 nanorods and NiCo2O4@WPrGO nanocomposites produced via hydrothermal method, yielding highly efficient electrode materials for supercapacitor technology.
Magnetic-assisted alignment of nanofibers in a polymer nanocomposite for high-temperature capacitive energy storage applications
Authors: Li Zhi , Wang Jian , Zou Junjie , Li Shuxuan , Zhen Xin , Shen Zhonghui , Li Baowen , Zhang Xin , Nan Ce-Wen
Published: June 2024

A magnetic-assisted approach is proposed for fabricating anisotropic polymer nanocomposite with aligned nanofibers, showcasing excellent high-temperature energy storage performance.
Morphology-controllable synthesis of rod-shaped CuO@Co3O4 derived from CuCo-MOF-74 for supercapacitors
Authors: Sun Bo , Li Man , Cheng Lifeng , Li Qijian , Chen Xiaowen , Wang Shengqi , Yan Wenhua , Wang Lei , Wei Fuxiang , Wang Qingliang
Published: June 2024

Transition metal oxides (TMOs) have excellent electrochemical properties.
Inorganic Cu2ZnSnS4 hole transport layer for perovskite light-emitting diodes
Authors: Pan Lunyao , Li Wen , Zeng Xiankan , Mu Maolin , Wang Qungui , Chen Yongjian , Li Chenglong , Yang Shiyu , Dai Linzhu , Tao Li , Yang Weiqing
Published: June 2024

Optimal surface state regulation of CZTS can effectively passivate defects and minimize its direct contact with FAPbBr3, which is significant for the enhancement of the performance of CZTS-based PeLEDs.
Calcium channel signalling at neuronal endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions
Authors: Maciąg Filip , Chhikara Arun , Heine Martin
Published: June 2024

Neurons are highly specialised cells that need to relay information over long distances and integrate signals from thousands of synaptic inputs. The complexity of neuronal function is evident in the morphology of their plasma membrane (PM), by far the most intricate of all cell types. Yet, within the neuron lies an organelle whose architecture adds another level to this morphological sophistication — the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Neuronal ER is abundant in the cell body and extends to distant axonal terminals and postsynaptic dendritic spines. It also adopts specialised structures like the spine apparatus in the postsynapse and the cisternal organelle in the axon initial segment. At membrane contact sites (MCSs) between the ER and the PM, the two membranes come in close proximity to create hubs of lipid exchange and Ca2+ signalling called ER-PM junctions. The development of electron and light microscopy techniques extended our knowledge on the physiological relevance of ER-PM MCSs. Equally important was the identification of ER and PM partners that interact in these junctions, most notably the STIM-ORAI and VAP-Kv2.1 pairs. The physiological functions of ER-PM junctions in neurons are being increasingly explored, but their molecular composition and the role in the dynamics of Ca2+ signalling are less clear. This review aims to outline the current state of research on the topic of neuronal ER-PM contacts. Specifically, we will summarise the involvement of different classes of Ca2+ channels in these junctions, discuss their role in neuronal development and neuropathology and propose directions for further research.
A novel stochastic framework for optimal scheduling of smart cities as an energy hub
Authors: Shokri Masoud , Niknam Taher , Mohammadi Mojtaba , Dehghani Moslem , Siano Pierluigi , Ouahada Khmaies , Sarvarizade‐Kouhpaye Miad
Published: June 2024

Smart cities consist of various energy systems and services that must be optimally scheduled to improve energy efficiency and reduce operation costs. The smart city layout comprises a power distribution system, a thermal energy system, a water system, and the private and public transportation systems. Additionally, several new technologies such as reconfiguration, regenerative braking energy of the metro, etc. are considered. This study is one of the first to consider all these technologies together in a smart city. The proposed power distribution system is a grid‐connected hybrid AC–DC microgrid. The biogeography‐based optimization algorithm was utilized to seek the best solution for scheduling micro‐turbines, fuel cells, heat pumps, desalination units, energy storage systems, AC–DC converters, purchasing power from the upstream, distributed energy resources, and transferring power amongst electric vehicle parking stations and metro for the next day. Also, the reduced unscented transformation layout was used to capture the system's uncertainty. The suggested layout is implemented on an enhanced IEEE 33‐bus test system to show the efficiency of the suggested method. The results show that costs and environmental pollution are reduced. By comparing the proposed smart city with other studies, the efficiency and completeness of the proposed smart city are shown.