bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lattice Distortion Engineering over Ultrathin Monoclinic BiVO4 Nanoflakes Triggering AQE up to 69.4% in Visible‐Light‐Driven Water Oxidation
Authors: Philo Davin , Luo Shunqin , He Can , Wang Qi , Ichihara Fumihiko , Jia Lulu , Oshikiri Mitsutake , Pang Hong , Wang Yan , Li Sijie , Yang Gaoliang , Ren Xiaohui , Lin Huiwen , Ye Jinhua
Published: September 2022

An efficient water oxidation photocatalyst is imperative for the realization of artificial photosynthesis. Herein, a cooperative strategy is represented that enables 2D structure tailoring and lattice distortion engineering simultaneously over a BiVO4 photocatalyst for efficient visible‐light‐driven oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Specifically, the lattice distortion engineering is achieved through the introduction of a sodium (Na+) additive during the ion exchange process. Structural characterizations suggest the formation of ultrathin 2D monoclinic BiVO4 nanoflakes with shrank VO and elongated BiO bonds. Mechanistic investigations reveal the advantages of ultrathin 2D features for exposing more (010) active facets and shortening the required migration distance for charge carriers to reach the catalytic surface. More importantly, the lattice distortion effect is found to crucially govern the charge carrier dynamics and catalytic surface behavior of BiVO4 photocatalyst, endowing the optimized sample with an outstanding photocatalytic OER performance triggering up to 69.4% apparent quantum efficiency over Fe3+ sacrificial solution. These findings highlight the functional application of morphology and dimensional modification, as well as lattice distortion engineering in synthesizing superior monoclinic BiVO4 photocatalyst for efficient visible‐light‐driven water oxidation.
First Nerve‐Related Immunoprobe for Guidance of Renal Denervation through Colocalization of NIR‐II and Photoacoustic Bioimaging
Authors: Yibing Shi , Minna Tang , Sidi Zhang , Chenchen Hu , Cheng Li , Quanxiao Li , Keke Huang , Wenping Song , Zhixing Li , Wenshu Li , Zhenlin Yang , Yanling Wu , Fuyou Li , Jialu Hu , Tianlei Ying
Published: September 2022

Nerve‐related fluorophores generally locate in the visible or near‐infrared region with shallow penetration depth and easy uptake by surrounding tissues. Prolonging the optical window promotes resolution by minimizing photoscattering and eliminating autofluorescence for NIR‐II (second near infrared; 1000–1700 nm) and photoacoustic bioimaging. In addition, combination of the two could help in colocalization of targets at the 3D level. Catheter‐based renal sympathetic denervation (RDN), an alternative treatment recently finishing its clinical evaluation for treating resistant hypertension, is highly dependent on experience and in urgent demand for in vivo guidance in locating the nerve over the renal artery. Here, an NIR‐II and photoacoustic bioimaging system based on a dye‐modified anti‐tyrosine‐hydroxylase antibody (TH‐ICGM) to illustrate the peritoneal sympathetic nerve‐related region are combined. With high resolution (0.15 mm) in NIR‐II region for both absorbance (λex = 925 nm) and fluorescence (bioimaging in λem ≥ 1300 nm), TH‐ICGM succeeds in providing 3D coordinates of procedure position with a precision in 0.1 mm. As the first nerve‐related NIR‐II immunoprobe, TH‐ICGM has great clinical potential as assistance for nerve‐related interventions.
Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Zirconium‐Based Perovskites for Large‐Area and Ultraflexible X‐ray Scintillator Screens
Authors: Zhang Fei , Zhou Yingchun , Chen Zhipeng , Wang Meng , Ma Zhuangzhuang , Chen Xu , Jia Mochen , Wu Di , Xiao Jiawen , Li Xinjian , Zhang Yu , Shi Zhifeng , Shan Chongxin
Published: September 2022

Flexible scintillator screens with environmental stability, high sensitivity, and low cost have emerged as candidates for X‐ray imaging applications. Here, a large‐scale and cost‐efficient solution synthesis of the vacancy‐ordered double perovskite Cs2ZrCl6, which is characterized by thermal activation delayed fluorescence (TADF) dominated by triplet emission under X‐ray irradiation, is demonstrated. The large Stokes shift and efficient luminescence collection of TADF effectively ensure the light outcoupling efficiency. Further, flexible X‐ray scintillator screens with an area of 400 cm2 are prepared using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) as the carrier, exhibiting excellent scintillation properties with light yields as high as 49 400 photons MeV−1, spatial resolutions up to 18 lp mm−1 and detection limits as low as 65 nGy s−1. Finally, the high‐quality imaging results of non‐planar and dynamic objects by such screens are demonstrated. It is believed that the explored Cs2ZrCl6@PDMS flexible scintillator screens would offer a big step toward expanding the application range of scintillators in different environments.
Sensory Nerve Maintains Intervertebral Disc Extracellular Matrix Homeostasis Via CGRP/CHSY1 Axis
Authors: Hu Bo , Lv Xiao , Wei Leixin , Wang Yunhao , Zheng Genjiang , Yang Chen , Zang Fazhi , Wang Jianxi , Li Jing , Wu Xiaodong , Yue Zhihao , Xiao Qiangqiang , Shao Zengwu , Yuan Wen , Li Jinsong , Cao Peng , Xu Chen , Chen Huajiang
Published: September 2022

Sensory nerves are long being recognized as collecting units of various outer stimuli; recent advances indicate that the sensory nerve also plays pivotal roles in maintaining organ homeostasis. Here, this study shows that sensory nerve orchestrates intervertebral disc (IVD) homeostasis by regulating its extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism. Specifically, genetical sensory denervation of IVD results in loss of IVD water preserve molecule chondroitin sulfate (CS), the reduction of CS bio‐synthesis gene chondroitin sulfate synthase 1 (CHSY1) expression, and dysregulated ECM homeostasis of IVD. Particularly, knockdown of sensory neuros calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) expression induces similar ECM metabolic disorder compared to sensory nerve denervation model, and this effect is abolished in CHSY1 knockout mice. Furthermore, in vitro evidence shows that CGRP regulates nucleus pulposus cell CHSY1 expression and CS synthesis via CGRP receptor component receptor activity‐modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) and cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) signaling. Therapeutically, local injection of forskolin significantly attenuates IVD degeneration progression in mouse annulus fibrosus puncture model. Overall, these results indicate that sensory nerve maintains IVD ECM homeostasis via CGRP/CHSY1 axis and promotes IVD repair, and this expands the understanding concerning how IVD links to sensory nerve system, thus shedding light on future development of novel therapeutical strategy to IVD degeneration.
Progress and Perspective on Inorganic CsPbI2Br Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Song Jing , Xie Haibing , Lim Eng Liang , Hagfeldt Anders , Bi Dongqin
Published: September 2022

Over the past few years, all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs), especially CsPbI2Br PSCs, have received much attention because of their excellent thermal stability and a suitable trade‐off between light absorption and higher phase stability among the family of inorganic perovskites. In this progress report, the realization of highly efficient and stable CsPbI2Br PSCs is summarized through preparation process, additive engineering, interface modification, and transport material selection. Furthermore, the application of CsPbI2Br in tandem solar cells and its large‐area development are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and outlook of CsPbI2Br PSCs are discussed for further performance improvement and future practical deployment.
Vascular burden and cognition: Mediating roles of neurodegeneration and amyloid PET
Authors: Ottoy Julie , Ozzoude Miracle , Zukotynski Katherine , Adamo Sabrina , Scott Christopher , Gaudet Vincent , Ramirez Joel , Swardfager Walter , Cogo‐Moreira Hugo , Lam Benjamin , Bhan Aparna , Mojiri Parisa , Kang Min Su , Rabin Jennifer S. , Kiss Alex , Strother Stephen , Bocti Christian , Borrie Michael , Chertkow Howard , Frayne Richard , Hsiung Robin , Laforce Robert Jr. , Noseworthy Michael D. , Prato Frank S. , Sahlas Demetrios J. , Smith Eric E. , Kuo Phillip H. , Sossi Vesna , Thiel Alexander , Soucy Jean‐Paul , Tardif Jean‐Claude , Black Sandra E. , Goubran Maged ,   for the Medical Imaging Trial Network of Canada (MITNEC) and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI)
Published: September 2022

It remains unclear to what extent cerebrovascular burden relates to amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, neurodegeneration, and cognitive dysfunction in mixed disease populations with small vessel disease and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In 120 subjects, we investigated the association of vascular burden (white matter hyperintensity [WMH] volumes) with cognition. Using mediation analyses, we tested the indirect effects of WMH on cognition via Aβ deposition (18F‐AV45 positron emission tomography [PET]) and neurodegeneration (cortical thickness or 18F fluorodeoxyglucose PET) in AD signature regions. We observed that increased total WMH volume was associated with poorer performance in all tested cognitive domains, with the strongest effects observed for semantic fluency. These relationships were mediated mainly via cortical thinning, particularly of the temporal lobe, and to a lesser extent serially mediated via Aβ and cortical thinning of AD signature regions. WMH volumes differentially impacted cognition depending on lobar location and Aβ status. In summary, our study suggests mainly an amyloid‐independent pathway in which vascular burden affects cognitive function via localized neurodegeneration.

Highlights

Alzheimer's disease often co‐exists with vascular pathology.

We studied a unique cohort enriched for high white matter hyperintensities (WMH).

High WMH related to cognitive impairment of semantic fluency and executive function.

This relationship was mediated via temporo‐parietal atrophy rather than metabolism.

This relationship was, to lesser extent, serially mediated via amyloid beta and atrophy.
Local ecological knowledge from Andros Island, The Bahamas, reveals new insights on the distribution and use of the Critically Endangered smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata
Authors: Guttridge Tristan L. , Carroll Khrysdovãn , Guttridge Annie E. , Matich Philip
Published: August 2022

The Bahamas is among the last remaining refuges for the Critically Endangered smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata, and the presence of a distinct ‘beacon of hope’ population on Andros Island may prove critical to their recovery. Although legislation in The Bahamas protects sharks from exploitation, no such national protection exists for rays, which include sawfishes. Targeted efforts to protect essential habitats coupled with community‐led conservation actions provide a path forward for sawfish conservation and recovery.

Structured interviews were conducted in 2021 (n = 77) with community members that frequent Andros waters to describe the temporal and spatial patterns of sawfish distribution in Andros, and to identify key regions or habitats for sawfish‐specific monitoring and potential protection.

Sawfish encounters (n = 99) included all life stages and were located throughout coastal and tidal waters of Andros. Comparable numbers of animals were encountered along both coastlines, predominantly on shallow (<2 m), muddy flats close to shore (<1 km). Most notable were encounters with young‐of‐the‐year sawfishes in new regions of Andros, indicating the potential discovery of undocumented nursery habitats. Although most encounters were sightings, 22% (n = 20) of the sawfishes were caught, with just under half of these harvested for food, bait, and/or to keep the rostrum as a decorative item.

There is an urgent need for more expansive protection and monitoring of smalltooth sawfishes across their range in Andros and improved education and outreach to prevent further harvest. Recommendations include: (i) the formal development of a national strategy for sawfish conservation; (ii) adding sawfish to the existing shark sanctuary to provide national protective measures; and (iii) community‐led outreach and education activities to develop and lead conservation initiatives, including ecotourism and wildlife guiding and a Bahamian sawfish reporting network.
Cellulose Acetate‐Based High‐Electrolyte‐Uptake Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Semi‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries with Long‐Cycling Stability
Authors: Xu Zelin , Guo Dingcheng , Liu Ziqiang , Wang Zhiyan , Gu Zhi , Wang Da , Yao Xiayin
Published: August 2022

Lithium‐oxygen batteries have received great research interest owing to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density and are considered as one of the promising secondary batteries. However, there are still some challenges in their practical application, like liquid organic electrolyte evaporation in the semi‐open system and instability in the high‐voltage oxidizing environment. In this work, a cellulose acetate‐based gel polymer electrolyte (CA@GPE) is proposed, whose cross‐linked microporous structure ensures the ultrahigh liquid electrolyte uptake of 2391%. The prepared CA@GPE exhibits a high lithium‐ion transference number of 0.595, a satisfying ionic conductivity of 0.47 mS cm−1 and a wide electrochemical stability window up to 5.0 V. The Li//Li symmetric cell employing CA@GPE could cycle stably over 1200 h. The lithium‐oxygen battery with CA@GPE presents a superb cycling lifetime of 370 cycles at 0.1 mA cm−2 under 0.25 mAh cm−2. This work offers a possible strategy to realize long‐cycling stability lithium‐oxygen batteries.
Recent Advances in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Functionalization of Ferrocene Amides
Authors: Mou Qi , Zhao Ruyuan , Sun Bo
Published: September 2022

During the past decades, in synthetic organic chemistry, directing‐group‐assisted C−H functionalization is found to be a key tool for the expedient and site‐selective construction of C−C and hybrid bonds. Among C−H functionalization of ferrocene derivatives, the directed group strategy is undoubtedly the most commonly used method. Compared to the other directing groups, ferrocene amides can be synthesized easily and are now recognized as one of the most efficient tools for the selective functionalization of certain positions because its metal centre permits fine, tuneable and reversible coordination. The family of amide directing groups mainly comprises monodentate and bidentate directing groups, which are categorized on the basis of coordination sites. In this review, various C−H bond functionalization reactions of ferrocene using amide directing groups are broadly discussed.
How Diversity Makes Better Engineering Teams
Authors: Mays David C.
Published: September 2022

Key Takeaways

Diversity, equity, and inclusion offer a win–win for engineers working together to serve the public.

Cognitive diversity helps teams produce more and better ideas through their different perspectives; identity diversity promotes cognitive diversity by inspiring members of a project team to listen and prepare better.

Diversity is not enough—progress also requires equity and inclusion so that every team member feels safe to share ideas.
The implications of geopolitical, socioeconomic, and regulatory constraints on European bioenergy imports and associated greenhouse gas emissions to 2050
Authors: Mandley Steven James , Wicke Birka , Junginger Martin , van Vuuren Detlef P. , Daioglou Vassilis
Published: August 2022

Modern sustainable bioenergy can contribute toward mid‐century European energy decarbonization targets by replacing fossil fuels. Fulfilling this role would require access to increased volumes of bioenergy, with extra‐EU imports projected to play an important part. Access to this resource on the international marketplace is not governed by Europe's economic competitiveness alone. This study investigates geopolitical, socioeconomic, and regulatory considerations that can influence Europe's bioenergy imports but that are so far underexplored. The effect of these constraints on European import volumes, sourcing regions, mitigation potential, and their implications for European and global emissions is projected to the year 2050 using a global integrated assessment model. The projections show that Europe can significantly increase imports from 1.5 EJ year−1 in 2020 to 8.1 EJ year−1 by 2050 whilst remaining compliant with Renewables Energy Directive recast II (RED II) greenhouse gas (GHG) criteria. Under these conditions, bioenergy could provide annual GHG mitigation of 0.44 GtCO2eq. in 2050. However, achieving this would require a structural diversification of trading partners from the present. Furthermore, socioeconomic and logistical concerns may limit the feasibility of some of the projected major sourcing regions, including Africa and South America. Failure to overcome these challenges within supplying regions could limit European imports by 60%, reducing annual mitigation to 0.16 GtCO2eq. in 2050. From a global perspective, regions with a comparatively carbon‐intense energy system offer an alternative destination for globally traded biomass that could increase the mitigative potential of bioenergy. © 2022 The Authors. Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
New organic 4‐(4‐methoxystyryl)‐1‐methylpyridinium crystals for nonlinear optical applications
Authors: Lee Yun‐Sang , Yoon Woojin , Yun Hoseop , Jazbinsek Mojca , Yu In Cheol , Rotermund Fabian , Kim Dongwook , Kwon O‐Pil
Published: August 2022

In this study, an organic nonlinear optical salt crystal, 4‐(4‐methoxystyryl)‐1‐methylpyridinium 4‐bromobenzenesulfonate (MOS‐BBS), is newly reported. MOS‐BBS crystals exhibit perfectly parallel molecular ordering of 4‐(4‐methoxystyryl)‐1‐methylpyridinium (MOS) cationic chromophores with noncentrosymmetric P1 space group symmetry, which provides an optimal configuration for maximizing the macroscopic second‐order optical nonlinearity. The macroscopic optical nonlinearity of the MOS‐BBS crystals is very large, with the diagonal effective first hyperpolarizability of 160 × 10−30 esu. Furthermore, the MOS‐BBS crystals exhibit a high thermal crystal‐phase stability. The lowest phase transition temperature of the MOS‐BBS crystals is 265°C, which is ~90°C higher than that of previously reported MOS‐based crystals.
COVID‐19 pandemic: Lessons learned for undergraduate research training
Authors: Ibrahim Kamariah , Ahmad‐Annuar Azlina
Published: August 2022

This article reports a session from the virtual international 2021 IUBMB/ASBMB workshop, “Teaching Science on Big Data.” The awareness of using publicly available research data sets for undergraduate training is low in certain parts of the world. Final year projects always revolve around wet‐lab based projects. The challenges occur during COVID‐19 pandemic when it forces full lockdown to the nation, but at the same time faculty members need to provide consistent training to the students and projects to work with. We aim to identify supervisors in the faculty that are ready to convert their proposed project from wet‐lab to an online‐based project. As coordinators of the course we created an online survey to identify projects that can be converted into dry‐lab/online projects. Our surveys identified only 32.5% projects implemented dry‐lab/online based projects. Most academicians described that they are not ready or familiar to apply changes for their research design. With the unknown future of the world living with COVID‐19 and directional changes of life science research toward big data driven research indeed we should be ready to adopt such changes. Awareness on reusing public data sets as tools for research should be provided to strengthen undergraduate training. Life science undergraduates should be exposed to reusing public data sets as these materials are readily available case studies that allow in depth exploration to answer specific research questions. Members of the faculty should take part to pave the way for them, ensuring that they understand that life science research revolves around a multidisciplinary field.
AIMP1 promotes multiple myeloma malignancy through interacting with ANP32A to mediate histone H3 acetylation
Authors: Wei Rongfang , Zhu Yan , Zhang Yuanjiao , Zhao Wene , Yu Xichao , Wang Ling , Gu Chunyan , Gu Xiaosong , Yang Ye
Published: August 2022

Background

Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy. An overwhelming majority of patients with MM progress to serious osteolytic bone disease. Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetase‐interacting multifunctional protein 1 (AIMP1) participates in several steps during cancer development and osteoclast differentiation. This study aimed to explore its role in MM.

Methods

The gene expression profiling cohorts of MM were applied to determine the expression of AIMP1 and its association with MM patient prognosis. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting were used to detect AIMP1 expression. Protein chip analysis, RNA‐sequencing, and chromatin immunoprecipitation and next‐generation sequencing were employed to screen the interacting proteins and key downstream targets of AIMP1. The impact of AIMP1 on cellular proliferation was determined using 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in vitro and a xenograft model in vivo. Bone lesions were evaluated using tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining in vitro. A NOD/SCID‐TIBIA mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of siAIMP1‐loaded exosomes on bone lesion formation in vivo.

Results

AIMP1 expression was increased in MM patients and strongly associated with unfavorable outcomes. Increased AIMP1 expression promoted MM cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo via activation of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Protein chip assays and subsequent experiments revealed that AIMP1 interacted with acidic leucine‐rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A (ANP32A) to regulate histone H3 acetylation. In addition, AIMP1 increased histone H3 acetylation enrichment function of GRB2‐associated and regulator of MAPK protein 2 (GAREM2) to increase the phosphorylation of extracellular‐regulated kinase 1/2 (p‐ERK1/2). Furthermore, AIMP1 promoted osteoclast differentiation by activating nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) in vitro. In contrast, exosome‐coated small interfering RNA of AIMP1 effectively suppressed MM progression and osteoclast differentiation in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that AIMP1 is a novel regulator of histone H3 acetylation interacting with ANP32A in MM, which accelerates MM malignancy via activation of the MAPK signaling pathway.
Hantzsch‐Like Synthesis, DNA Photocleavage, DNA/BSA Binding, and Molecular Docking Studies of Bis(sulfanediyl)bis(tetrahydro‐5‐deazaflavin) Analogs Linked to Naphthalene Core
Authors: Ragheb Mohamed A. , Abdelwahab Reham E. , Darweesh Ahmed F. , Soliman Marwa H. , Elwahy Ahmed H. M. , Abdelhamid Ismail A.
Published: September 2022

The cyclocondensation reaction of aldehydes with dimedone and bis(6‐aminopyrimidin‐4‐one) in acetic acid led to the formation of the corresponding bis(pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline‐4,6‐diones) which are known as bis(sulfanediyl)bis(tetrahydro‐5‐deazaflavin) analogs in a single step. Also, bis(pyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline‐4,6‐diones) which are linked to naphthyl core via phenoxymethyl linkage is prepared. The interactions of the synthesized compounds with DNA and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied. Gel electrophoresis assay was used to show the capability of the compounds to photocleave the supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA in UV‐A (365 nm). Besides, the most photocleavable compound, bis(tetrahydropyrimido[4,5‐b]quinoline‐4,6‐dione) linked to pyridin‐3‐yl at position‐5 exhibits good binding affinities toward CT‐DNA and BSA as supported by UV/VIS spectral studies. In addition to the experimental findings, a molecular docking simulation was performed to collect detailed binding data for this compound to both biomolecules.
A Biochemical Approach for Hedysarum candidissimum from Turkey: Screening Phytochemicals, Evaluation of Biological Activites, and Molecular Docking Study
Authors: Altay Ahmet , Yeniceri Esma , Taslimi Parham , Taskin‐Tok Tugba , Yilmaz Mustafa Abdullah , Koksal Ekrem
Published: September 2022

This study was designed to screen the phytochemical composition and investigate the biological activities of Hedysarum candidissimum extracts and also support the results with molecular docking studies. LC/MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of 22 phytochemical constituents (mainly phenolic acids, flavonoids, and flavonoid glycosides) in the plant structure. The methanol extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity among all the extracts with its strong DPPH radical scavenging and iron reducing capacity, as well as high phenolic and flavonoid contents. Additionally, it was found to be the most promising acetylcholinesterase (AChE: IC50: 93.26 μg/mL) and α‐glycosidase (AG: IC50: 28.57 μg/mL) inhibitory activities, supported by the major phenolics of the species through in silico studies. Ethyl acetate extract had the strongest cytotoxic effect on HT‐29 (IC50: 63.03 μg/mL) and MDA‐MB‐453 (IC50: 95.36 μg/mL) cancer cell lines. Both extracts exhibited considerable apoptotic and anti‐migrative effects on HT‐29 cells. The investigations provide phyto‐analytical and bio‐pharmacological results which can be extended by in vivo studies in the future.
Thermal Buckling of Railways
Authors: Piloto Paulo A. G. , Frigeri Ary V. N. , Minhoto Manuel
Published: August 2022

This manuscript presents the results of numerical research regarding the thermal buckling on railway tracks. High temperatures may cause thermal buckling on the railways and due to this fact speed restrictions are often issued to reduce the probability of derailments. Railways are subject to thermal and mechanical loads in which, given some circumstances, buckling may take place. Continuous welded rail (CWR) is more prone to this effect than jointed rails since the longitudinal displacement is restrained. This research is focused on the effect of the track gauge, rail profile, initial imperfection amplitude, sleeper's elasticity modulus, torsional resistance of fastenings, and ballast resistance on the thermal buckling of railways. A total of 144 simulations were developed, concluding that the imperfection level and ballast resistance are the most affecting parameters on the buckling temperature.
On the Applicability of Conventional Seismic Design Methodologies to Hybrid RC‐Steel Systems
Authors: Moreira Rodrigo Falcão , Castro José Miguel , Varum Humberto
Published: August 2022

This paper analyses the adequacy of the q‐factor approach when applied to hybrid RC‐steel systems. This approach is prescribed by EC8‐1 as the basic design method, and usually referred to as the most conservative. However, due to its simplicity and popularity for the design of new structures, practitioners are more likely to resort to it, than to the more complex nonlinear static and dynamic procedures, when dealing with the seismic assessment and strengthening of existing RC buildings. A case‐study application is thus presented to analyse and discuss the difficulties a practitioner will face when assessing the efficiency of a steel‐brace retrofitting system designed within the framework of EC8‐1.
Dendritic cells generated from induced pluripotent stem cells and by direct reprogramming of somatic cells
Authors: Flosdorf Niclas , Zenke Martin
Published: September 2022

Novel and exciting avenues allow generating dendritic cells (DC) by reprogramming of somatic cells. DC are obtained from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), referred to as ipDC, and by direct reprogramming of cells toward DC, referred to as induced DC (iDC). iPS cells represent pluripotent stem cells generated by reprogramming of somatic cells and can differentiate into all cell types of the body, including DC. This makes iPS cells and ipDC derived thereof useful for studying various DC subsets, acquiring high cell numbers for research and clinical use, or applying genome editing to generate DC with wanted properties. Thereby, ipDC overcome limitations in specific DC subsets, which are only found in low abundance in blood or lymphoid organs. iDC are generated by direct reprogramming of somatic cells with a specific set of transcription factors and offer an avenue to obtain DC without a pluripotent cell intermediate. ipDC and iDC retain patient and disease‐specific mutations and this opens new perspectives for studying DC in disease. This review summarizes the current techniques used to generate ipDC and iDC, and the types and functionality of the DC generated.
Diammonium‐inducedDion‐Jacobson 2D/3Dwide‐bandgap perovskite solar cells with enhanced efficiency and stability
Authors: Yu Yue , Liu Rui , Xu Maoxia , Yu Hua
Published: August 2022

Surface passivation by two‐dimensional (2D) organic spacers provides promising avenue to substantially enhance the photovoltaic performance and structural stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a diammonium organic salt of 2,2′‐(Ethylenedioxy) diethyl ammonium diiodide (EDBEI2) is used to passivate surface defects with spontaneously established Dion‐Jacobson (DJ)‐type two‐dimensional/three‐dimensional (2D/3D) perovskite structure. The 2D DJ perovskite (EDBEPbI4) is formed on the surface of 3D WBG film, which passivates surface defects and reduces non‐radiation recombination with better‐matched energy‐level alignment. Consequently, the modified device shows an excellent power conversion efficiency of 18.85% with large open‐circuit voltage of 1.28 V. Besides, such 2D/3D perovskite exhibits better stability, which maintains 89% of its original efficiency after 1000 h under a relative humidity of 30% for the unencapsulated EDBEI2‐treated device. These results give a suggestive strategy to enhance the efficiency and stability of WBG PSCs, potentially, providing a feasible way for achieving the commercialization of perovskites.

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Identification of volatile compounds contributing to pennycress aroma
Authors: Luo Peishan , Reineccius Gary
Published: September 2022

The volatile compounds inherent to wild‐type pennycress seeds were determined using solvent‐assisted flavour extraction (SAFE), combined with gas chromatography‐olfactometry (GC‐O) and aroma extraction dilution analysis (AEDA). In this research, twenty‐nine aroma‐active compounds were detected via GC‐O. With the aid of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), retention indices, aroma descriptors and standard chemical verification, ten volatile compounds were positively identified: 2,5−/2,6‐dimethyl‐3‐methoxypyrazine (grassy), allyl isothiocyanate (mustard, horseradish, onion), hexanal (green), (E)‐2‐octenal (earthy), acetic acid (sour), (E)‐2‐nonenal (woody), 1‐octanol (grassy), 1‐nonanol (green), 2‐methylbutanoic acid/3‐methylbutanoic acid (cheesy) and phenethyl alcohol (rose‐like). By matching odour descriptions, mass spectra and retention indices, seven additional volatile compounds were tentatively identified: 1‐pentanol, octanal, (E)‐2‐penten‐1‐ol, (E)‐2‐heptenal, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, (E, E)‐3,5‐octadien‐2‐one and pentanoic acid. These results provide an aroma analysis of pennycress, which can be useful in providing direction for pennycress breeding programs or tailored processing steps to eliminate the undesirable aroma components limiting the use as a food ingredient.
Tuberculosis in a weak health system, conflict and fragile zone: The monetary value of human lives lost associated with deaths of persons older than 14 years in Somalia
Authors: Da'ar Omar B. , Gele Abdi A.
Published: August 2022

Background

Low tuberculosis (TB) detection and conflict and fragility have overburdened Somalia. This study estimated economic loss associated with TB deaths among persons aged >14 years.

Method

Using epidemiologic and economic data, we calculated the cost based on the framework of the World Health Organization guide of identifying the economic consequences of disease and injury. Baseline loss is the product of years of life lost, non‐health expenditure, and number of deaths. Adjusting for conflict and fragility conditions and growth of non‐health expenditure, we discounted the loss at 3% rate. We conducted a sensitivity analysis of epidemiologic and economic factors.

Results

In 2017 values, the 9180 reported deaths result in a loss of US$ 44.77 million, a US$ 4877 per death over the discounted years. Conflict conditions would increase the loss by 5.3%, while simultaneous adjustment for conflict and attunement to growth of non‐health expenditure would increase the burden by 54% to US$ 67.28 million. Male fatalities account for 59% of the burden. The baseline result is robust to input variations, although sensitivity analysis suggests conflict and fragility conditions account for greater uncertainty of the loss.

Conclusion

Stakeholders in the healthcare system should minimise the sizeable economic loss by taking measures to enhance surveillance of TB and security.
A novel peroral digital cholangioscope with a large accessory channel: An experimental study
Authors: Tonozuka Ryosuke , Itoi Takao , Nagai Kazumasa , Sofuni Atsushi , Tsuchiya Takayoshi , Ishii Kentaro , Tanaka Reina , Mukai Shuntaro , Minami Hirohito , Yamamoto Kenjiro
Published: August 2022

Background/Purpose

A peroral cholangioscope (POCS) can allow direct visualization of the biliary mucosa and its use is becoming more widespread due to improvements in functionality, image quality, and operability, as well as the development of related devices. Recently, a novel mother‐baby peroral cholangioscope (nMB‐POCS) with a large (2‐mm) accessory channel has been developed. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of this novel POCS in a dry simulation and animal model.

Methods

We evaluated the ease of insertion and maneuverability of the nMB‐POCS, the image quality, and the passage of the devices into the accessory channel and into the common bile duct in a dry and live porcine model.

Results

In both models, the nMB‐POCS could be easily inserted into the duodenoscope and into the distal bile duct and hilum. The image quality was good, and it was possible to observe the surface structure and the vascular network of the bile duct mucosa in detail.

Conclusions

The nMB‐POCS with its larger accessory channel is expected to improve the efficiency of diagnosis and  treatment, and reduce the procedure time. Clinical studies in patients are warranted.
アセチレンと酸素の混合ガスの小爆発により単独気管損傷を生じた稀な1例(A rare case of single tracheal injury caused by a small explosion of a mixed gas of acetylene and oxygen)
Authors: 真道 諸岡 , 雄太 諸江 , 宗博 林 , 彰吾 鷺坂 , 証 乃美 , 卓也 深田 , 智幸 山下
Published: September 2022

症例は30歳代の男性。溶接作業中にガス漏れを感じ，臭いを嗅いで漏洩部位を探し始めた際に小爆発を起こし受傷した。呼吸困難の後に血痰が出現したため，徒歩で当院救急外来を受診した。来院時，前頸部に皮下気腫を触知し，胸部CTと気管支鏡検査で気管膜様部に約3cmの裂創を認めた。同日開胸手術を行い，気管膜様部を縫合し肋間筋皮弁で被覆した。術後経過は良好で第14病日に徒歩退院した。混合ガスの爆発による胸部気管単独損傷は稀で，本症例も気道熱傷や肺損傷はなく，小爆発による一次爆傷と考えられた。
Diffusion‐Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Morphological Characteristics Evaluation for Outcome Prediction of Primary Debulking Surgery for Advanced High‐Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Li Haiming , Lu Jing , Deng Lin , Guo Qinhao , Lin Zijing , Zhao Shuhui , Ge Huijuan , Qiang Jinwei , Gu Yajia , Liu Zaiyi
Published: August 2022

Background

Preoperative assessment of whether a successful primary debulking surgery (PDS) can be performed in patients with advanced high‐grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) remains a challenge. A reliable model to precisely predict resectability is highly demanded.

Purpose

To investigate the value of diffusion‐weighted MRI (DW‐MRI) combined with morphological characteristics to predict the PDS outcome in advanced HGSOC patients.

Study Type

Prospective.

Subjects

A total of 95 consecutive patients with histopathologically confirmed advanced HGSOC (ranged from 39 to 77 years).

Fields Strength/Sequence

A 3.0 T, readout‐segmented echo‐planar DWI.

Assessment

The MRI morphological characteristics of the primary ovarian tumor, a peritoneal carcinomatosis index (PCI) derived from DWI (DWI‐PCI) and histogram analysis of the primary ovarian tumor and the largest peritoneal carcinomatosis were assessed by three radiologists. Three different models were developed to predict the resectability, including a clinicoradiologic model combing MRI morphological characteristic with ascites and CA125 level; DWI‐PCI alone; and a fusion model combining the clinical‐morphological information and DWI‐PCI.

Statistical Tests

Multivariate logistic regression analyses, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, net reclassification index (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) were used. A P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results

Sixty‐seven cases appeared as a definite mass, whereas 28 cases as an infiltrative mass. The morphological characteristics and DWI‐PCI were independent factors for predicting the resectability, with an AUC of 0.724 and 0.824, respectively. The multivariable predictive model consisted of morphological characteristics, CA‐125, and the amount of ascites, with an incremental AUC of 0.818. Combining the application of a clinicoradiologic model and DWI‐PCI showed significantly higher AUC of 0.863 than the ones of each of them implemented alone, with a positive NRI and IDI.

Data Conclusions

The combination of two clinical factors, MRI morphological characteristics and DWI‐PCI provide a reliable and valuable paradigm for the noninvasive prediction of the outcome of PDS.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Channel transparency and omnichannel retailing: The impact of sharing retail store product availability information
Authors: Ren Xinyi , Windle Robert J. , Evers Philip T.
Published: September 2022

As more firms look to implement omnichannel strategies to mitigate the inherent information barriers between online and offline channels, understanding the outcomes of these initiatives is critical. This study empirically examines the impact of the decision to share brick‐and‐mortar (B&M) store product availability information with customers, specifically focusing on the scenario where a discrepancy exists in the product assortment of online and offline channels. We investigate the impact of this information sharing strategy on customer research shopping trajectories using a proprietary dataset collected from a leading North American retailer. Using a difference‐in‐differences approach, we find that this strategy helps boost the overall sales from customers who reside within the trade area of a retail store. At the channel level, the policy induces customers to migrate from the B&M channel to the online channel after learning that the product selection offered at their local retail store may not meet their needs, resulting in a significant increase in online sales, but a slight decrease in B&M sales. From an operational perspective, our empirical evidence suggests that sharing retail store product availability information leads to more customers using the expedited shipping service when shopping online. Furthermore, we also discover a slight increase in the overall return rate. We conclude by providing managerial implications on the functionality of the online and B&M channels and how retailers can coordinate services offered by both channels to improve the utility customers receive from the brand.
Impacts of residential fertilizer ordinances on Florida lacustrine water quality
Authors: Smidt Samuel J. , Aviles Diego , Belshe E. Fay , Reisinger Alexander J.
Published: August 2022

Despite the assumption that residential fertilizer ordinances improve regional water quality, their impacts across space and time largely remain unknown. Here, we analyze changes in water quality of lakes throughout the State of Florida from 1987 to 2018, comparing trends in water quality parameters before and after implementation of county‐wide fertilizer ordinances. We used a large dataset of publicly collected water quality data and linear mixed models to analyze ordinance impacts on total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, and Secchi depth across 160 lakes throughout Florida. We further analyze water quality impacts relative to the type of ordinance (winter fertilizer ban, summer ban, nonseasonal ban, no ban). We found fertilizer ordinances favorably impacted lacustrine water quality, and winter (dry season) fertilizer bans had the greatest effect across all water quality metrics. Results of this study can be used to support the effectiveness of fertilizer ordinances across humid tropical and subtropical climate regions.
Impact of zinc ion addition on corrosion of EH40 steel in natural seawater
Authors: Gao Yaohua , Xu Ming , Wu Jiajia , Zhang Dun , Zhu Liyang , Sun Zhihua , Li Ce
Published: September 2022

Zinc ion is a common heavy metal in marine pollution, but its impact on corrosion of steels without passive films in natural seawater is far from being investigated. In this study, the impact of zinc ion addition (1.5 and 15 mmol/L) on corrosion of EH40 steel commonly utilized for building ships and offshore platforms was studied by numerous methods and technologies. It was found that EH40 steel corrosion was inhibited with the addition of zinc ion, and corrosion inhibition efficiency increased with the concentration added. The deposited ZnO and Zn(OH)2 on the steel surface was believed to hamper electron transfer, thus inhibiting corrosion. Meanwhile, the bactericidal zinc ion and ZnO mitigated the activity of microorganisms in biofilms to reduce the damage caused by microbiologically influenced corrosion. But pitting corrosion was enhanced with a high concentration of zinc ion added due to the inhomogeneity of ZnO layers.
Longitudinal Monitoring of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy using Body‐Worn Movement Sensors
Authors: Sotirakis Charalampos , Conway Niall , Su Zi , Villarroel Mauricio , Tarassenko Lionel , FitzGerald James J. , Antoniades Chrystalina A.
Published: August 2022

Background

We have previously shown that wearable technology and machine learning techniques can accurately discriminate between progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), Parkinson's disease, and healthy controls. To date these techniques have not been applied in longitudinal studies of disease progression in PSP.

Objectives

We aimed to establish whether data collected by a body‐worn inertial measurement unit (IMU) network could predict clinical rating scale scores in PSP and whether it could be used to track disease progression.

Methods

We studied gait and postural stability in 17 participants with PSP over five visits at 3‐month intervals. Participants performed a 2‐minute walk and an assessment of postural stability by standing for 30 seconds with their eyes closed, while wearing an array of six IMUs.

Results

Thirty‐two gait and posture features were identified, which progressed significantly with time. A simple linear regression model incorporating the three features with the clearest progression pattern was able to detect statistically significant progression 3 months in advance of the clinical scores. A more complex linear regression and a random forest approach did not improve on this.

Conclusions

The reduced variability of the models, in comparison to clinical rating scales, allows a significant change in disease status from baseline to be observed at an earlier stage. The current study sheds light on the individual features that are important in tracking disease progression. © 2022 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Modification of Diet to Reduce the Stemness and Tumorigenicity of Murine and Human Intestinal Cells
Authors: May Stephanie , Greenow Kirsty R. , Higgins Adam T. , Derrick Anna V. , Taylor Elaine , Pan Pan , Konstantinou Maria , Nixon Colin , Wooley Thomas E. , Sansom Owen J. , Wang Li‐Shu , Parry Lee
Published: September 2022

Scope

Black raspberries (BRBs) have colorectal cancer (CRC) chemo‐preventative effects. As CRC originates from an intestinal stem cell (ISC) this study has investigated the impact of BRBs on normal and mutant ISCs.

Methods and results

Mice with an inducible Apcfl mutation in either the ISC (Lgr5CreERT2) or intestinal crypt (AhCre/VillinCreERT2) are fed a control or 10% BRB‐supplemented diet. This study uses immunohistochemistry, gene expression analysis, and organoid culture to evaluate the effect of BRBs on intestinal homeostasis. RNAscope is performed for ISC markers on CRC adjacent normal colonic tissue pre and post BRB intervention from patients. 10% BRB diet has no overt effect on murine intestinal homeostasis, despite a reduced stem cell number. Following Apc ISC deletion, BRB diet extends lifespan and reduces tumor area. In the AhCre model, BRB diet attenuates the “crypt‐progenitor” phenotype and reduces ISC marker gene expression. In ex vivo culture BRBs reduce the self‐renewal capacity of murine and human Apc deficient organoids. Finally, the study observes a reduction in ISC marker gene expression in adjacent normal crypts following introduction of BRBs to the human bowel.

Conclusion

BRBs play a role in CRC chemoprevention by protectively regulating the ISC compartment and further supports the use of BRBs in CRC prevention.
Results of a 2‐year lifestyle intervention for type 2 diabetes: the Reach Ahead for Lifestyle and Health‐Diabetes randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wexler Deborah J. , Chang Yuchiao , Levy Douglas E. , Porneala Bianca , McCarthy Jeanna , Rodriguez Romero Anthony , Goldman Valerie , Copeland Paul M. , Steppel‐Reznik Jeanne , Delahanty Linda M.
Published: September 2022

Objective

The Reach Ahead for Lifestyle and Health (REAL HEALTH)‐Diabetes study assessed the comparative effectiveness of two Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes)‐adapted lifestyle intervention (LI) arms targeting weight loss in type 2 diabetes compared with medical nutrition therapy (MNT) referral. At 1 year, LI had greater weight loss than MNT. This study reports outcomes at 24 (end of LI) and 36 months.

Methods

Participants (N = 211) with type 2 diabetes and BMI > 25 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to in‐person LI, telephone conference call LI, or MNT. The primary outcome was percentage weight change. Secondary outcomes included 5% and 10% weight loss, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and patient‐reported outcomes.

Results

Participants were 61.7 (SD 10.2) years old; 55% were female; 77% were non‐Hispanic White; and had mean (SD) weight of 98 (18.9) kg and mean (SD) HbA1c of 7.7% (1.2%). Mean (SD) weight change at 24 and 36 months was −4.4% (5.9%) and −4.4% (5.4%) in in‐person LI, −4.0% (5.8%) and −5.3% (6.4%) in telephone LI, and −3.1% (5.2%) and −5.8% (7.1%) in MNT, with no statistically significant difference in weight or HbA1c at 24 and 36 months. Compared with MNT, LI arms had favorable changes in patient‐reported outcomes related to learned dietary skills.

Conclusions

There were no differences in weight outcomes among LI participants compared with referral to MNT at the end of intervention or 1 year after its conclusion.