bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylated FADD is not prognostic for local control in T1‐T2 supraglottic laryngeal carcinoma treated with radiotherapy
Authors: Wachters Jan E. , Schrijvers Michiel L. , Slagter‐Menkema Lorian , Mastik Mirjam , Langendijk Johannes A. , de Bock Geertruida H. , Roodenburg Jan L. , van der Laan Bernard F.A.M. , van der Wal Jacqueline E. , Schuuring Ed
Published: March 2017

Objective

The Fas‐Associated Death Domain (FADD) gene is located in the chromosome 11q13‐region and frequently is amplified in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Expression of FADD and its phosphorylated isoform (pFADD) have been associated with aggressive tumor growth, lymph node metastasis, and overall survival. Previously, we demonstrated that pFADD expression was related to a significantly improved local control in early stage (tumor [T]1 to T2) glottic laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). The aim of this study was to examine the prognostic value of pFADD and FADD in T1 to T2 supraglottic LSCC treated with primarily radiotherapy.

Methods

Tumor tissue sections of 60 patients with T1 to T2 supraglottic LSCC treated with primarily radiotherapy were assessed immunohistochemically for expression of pFADD and FADD. Expression percentages and clinical parameters and their associations with clinical outcome were studied using Cox regression and Kaplan‐Meier survival analyses. Expression percentages in supraglottic and glottic LSCC were compared using the Mann‐Whitney U test.

Results

Expression of pFADD and FADD in supraglottic and glottic LSCC did not significantly differ. In supraglottic LSCC, both pFADD and FADD did not show prognostic value for local control (hazard ratio [HR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98–1.03; HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.60–1.78, respectively) and overall survival (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.01; HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.83–1.71 respectively). In this cohort, lymph node status was the best predictor for local control (HR 3.73, 95% CI 1.30–10.67).

Conclusion

In this homogeneous cohort of T1 to T2 supraglottic LSCC primarily treated with radiotherapy, lymph node status was associated with local recurrence, whereas the expression of pFADD was not.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 127:E301–E307, 2017
A solution for antiplane‐strain local problems using elliptic integrals of Cauchy type
Authors: Felipe‐Sosa Raul , Otero J. A. , Solis Francisco J.
Published: March 2017

Quasi‐periodic piecewise analytic solutions, without poles, are found for the local antiplane‐strain problems. Such problems arise from applying the asymptotic homogenization method to an elastic problem in a parallel fiber‐reinforced periodic composite that presents an imperfect contact of spring type between the fiber and the matrix. Our methodology consists of rewriting the contact conditions in a complex appropriate form that allow us to use the elliptic integrals of Cauchy type. Several general conditions are assumed including that the fibers are disposed of arbitrary manner in the unit cell, that all fibers present imperfect contact with different constants of imperfection, and that their cross section is smooth closed arbitrary curves. Finally, we obtain a family of piecewise analytic solutions for the local antiplane‐strain problems that depend of a real parameter. When we vary this parameter, it is possible to improve classic bounds for the effective coefficients. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive and diversified vehicle routing approach to reducing the security risk of cash‐in‐transit operations
Authors: Bozkaya Burcin , Salman F. Sibel , Telciler Kaan
Published: March 2017

We consider the route optimization problem of transporting valuables in cash‐in‐transit (CIT) operations. The problem arises as a rich variant of the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) with time windows and pickup and deliveries. Due to the high‐risk nature of this operation (e.g., robberies) we consider a bi‐objective function where we attempt to minimize the total transportation cost and the security risk of transporting valuables along the designed routes. For risk minimization, we propose a composite risk measure that is a weighted sum of two risk components: (i) following the same or very similar routes, and (ii) visiting neighborhoods with low socio‐economic status along the routes. We also consider vehicle capacities in terms of monetary value carried as per insurance regulations. We develop an adaptive randomized bi‐objective path selection algorithm that uses the composite risk measure in choosing alternative paths between origin‐destination pairs over a sequence of days. We solve the rich CVRP approximately for each day with updated costs. We test our solution approach on a data set from a CIT delivery service provider and provide insights on how the routes diversify daily. Our approach generates a spectrum of solutions with cost‐risk trade‐off to support decision making. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 69(3), 256–269 2017
Synergy modification of the microstructure and the property of PBO fiber by γ‐ray radiation
Authors: Zhang Chunhua , Zhang Chenyang , Zhang Qi , Jiang Dawei , Yu Fubin , Liang Yan
Published: March 2017

The effects of γ‐ray radiation on PBO fibers and its composite materials have been investigated, the results showed that the microstructure and the performance of radiated PBO fibers have been improved with 30–120 kGy radiation dose, crosslinking reactions came from PBO polymer molecule chains and micro‐fibrils. As a result, the molecular weight the thermal stability were increased, the tendency of micro‐fibrils to split‐off also decreased, the hook force of radiated PBO fibers increased by 14.0% without tensile strength loss, and the nano‐compression modulus and the flexure strength of radiated PBO fiber composites also increased by 21.0% and 22.7%, respectively. The work indicated that γ‐ray radiation could synchronously strengthen the microstructure and improve the properties of PBO fibers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 58:272–279, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
On the role of solar photovoltaics in global energy transition scenarios
Authors: Breyer Christian , Bogdanov Dmitrii , Gulagi Ashish , Aghahosseini Arman , Barbosa Larissa S.N.S. , Koskinen Otto , Barasa Maulidi , Caldera Upeksha , Afanasyeva Svetlana , Child Michael , Farfan Javier , Vainikka Pasi
Published: March 2017

The global energy system has to be transformed towards high levels of sustainability in order to comply with the COP21 agreement. Solar photovoltaic (PV) offers excellent characteristics to play a major role in this energy transition. The key objective of this work is to investigate the role of PV in the global energy transition based on respective scenarios and a newly introduced energy transition model developed by the authors. A progressive group of energy transition scenarios present results of a fast growth of installed PV capacities and a high energy supply share of solar energy to the total primary energy demand in the world in the decades to come. These progressive energy transition scenarios can be confirmed. For the very first time, a full hourly modelling for an entire year is performed for the world, subdivided in 145 sub‐regions, which is required to reflect the intermittent character of the future energy system. The model derives total installed solar PV capacity requirements of 7.1–9.1 TWp for the electricity sector (as of the year 2015) and 27.4 TWp for the entire energy system in the mid‐term. The long‐term capacity is expected to be 42 TWp and, because of the ongoing cost reduction of PV and battery technologies, this value is found to be the lower limit for the installed capacities. Solar PV electricity is expected to be the largest, least cost and most relevant source of energy in the mid‐term to long‐term for the global energy supply. Copyright © The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Quantitative preparation of allyl telechelic polyisobutylene under reflux conditions
Authors: Deodhar Tejal J. , Keszler Balazs L. , Kennedy Joseph P.
Published: March 2017

Allyl telechelic polyisobutylene (allyl‐PIB‐allyl) is of great commercial and scientific interest produced by living polymerization of isobutylene followed by functionalization (allylation with allyltrimethylsilane) under external cooling, typically to −78 °C. Cooling is cumbersome and costly, and temperature control is far from ideal. Herein we describe the quantitative preparation of allyl‐PIB‐allyl under ideal internal temperature control at ∼−40 °C using refluxing propane/methyl chloride mixtures. The exact composition of the nonpolar/polar solvents and polymerization time crucially affect product quality. Well‐defined allyl‐PIB‐allyl is obtained using 60/40 (v/v) refluxing propane/methyl chloride and terminating not more than 5 min after monomer depletion. In pure refluxing propane or methyl chloride, or at longer reaction times, byproducts form that compromise product quality. A mechanism is presented to explain the observations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1784–1789
Transport and thermoelectric properties of magnetic organic chains
Authors: Zberecki K. , Swirkowicz R.
Published: March 2017

Using ab initio methods, we study transport and thermoelectric phenomena of magnetic organic chains containing nitroxide groups. We demonstrate that such systems appear to be half‐metallic ferromagnets with considerable energy gap between spin‐up and spin‐down channels. This means that an appropriate device could act as a very effective spin filter and its polarization may be changed with use of the gate voltage. Also, we predict very good thermoelectric performance of the structure, as the conventional and spin Seebeck coefficients are remarkably enhanced. These results suggest that magnetic organic chains would have a great potential for applications in spintronic devices.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Suppresses Lipogenesis in Mouse Liver: Possible Role of the Decrease in β‐Muricholic Acid, a Farnesoid X Receptor Antagonist
Authors: Fujita Kyosuke , Iguchi Yusuke , Une Mizuho , Watanabe Shiro
Published: March 2017

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is a major nuclear receptor of bile acids; its activation suppresses sterol regulatory element‐binding protein 1c (SREBP1c)‐mediated lipogenesis and decreases the lipid contents in the liver. There are many reports showing that the administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) suppresses lipogenesis and reduces the lipid contents in the liver of experimental animals. Since UDCA is not recognized as an FXR agonist, these effects of UDCA cannot be readily explained by its direct activation of FXR. We observed that the dietary administration of UDCA in mice decreased the expression levels of SREBP1c and its target lipogenic genes. Alpha‐ and β‐muricholic acids (MCA) and cholic acid (CA) were the major bile acids in the mouse liver but their contents decreased upon UDCA administration. The hepatic contents of chenodeoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid (DCA) were relatively low but were not changed by UDCA. UDCA did not show FXR agonistic or antagonistic potency in in vitro FXR transactivation assay. Taking these together, we deduced that the above‐mentioned change in hepatic bile acid composition induced upon UDCA administration might cause the relative increase in the FXR activity in the liver, mainly by the reduction in the content of β‐MCA, a farnesoid X receptor antagonist, which suggests a mechanism by which UDCA suppresses lipogenesis and decreases the lipid contents in the mouse liver.
Appendico-cutaneous fistula following hysterectomy: first case report
Authors: Brenner Antonio Sérgio , Baldin Antonio , Molteni Rafaela , Lima Renata Fróes Ramos de , Freitas Lígia Heinrichs , Sartor Maria Cristina , Neves Emerson Luis
Published: March 2017

Appendico-cutaneous fistulas not related to acute appendicitis or cancer are rare and show spontaneous resolution after conservative treatment, mainly when they show low output, absence of obstruction or sepsis and in patients with good nutritional status. We found no report in the literature on appendico-cutaneous fistula after hysterectomy. The evolution of this case shows that this type of fistula can have low, but persistent debt, requiring definitive surgery.
Cartas al editor de autores cubanos en revistas médicas indizadas en Scopus
Authors: Alhuay-Quispe Joel , Hernandez Ronald M.
Published: March 2017

Leímos con interés el artículo Producción científica estudiantil en revistas médicas cubanas 1995-2014. Primera etapa que encuentra escasa participación de estudiantes cubanos de ciencias médicas en revistas locales, y destaca que no hay colaboración entre universidades cubanas y extranjeras.
Neuraxial blocks and spinal haematoma: Review of 166 cases published 1994 – 2015. Part 2: diagnosis, treatment, and outcome
Authors: Lagerkranser Michael , Lindquist Christer
Published: March 2017

Background

Bleeding into the vertebral canal causing a spinal haematoma (SH) is a rare but serious complication to central neuraxial blocks (CNB). Of all serious complications to CNBs, neurological injury associated with SH has the worst prognosis. Around the turn of the millennium, the first guidelines aiming to reduce the risk of this complication were published. These guidelines are based on known risk factors for SH, rather than evidence from randomized, controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs, and hence meta-analysis of RCTs, are not appropriate for identifying rare events. Analysing data from a significant number of published case reports of rare complications may reveal risk factors and patterns undetectable in reports on occasional cases, and can thereby help to improve management of CNBs. The aims of the present review were to analyse case reports of SH after CNBs published between 1994 and 2015 with regard to diagnosis, treatment, and outcome of SH after CNB.

Methods

MEDLINE and EMBASE were utilized to find case reports published in English, German, or Scandinavian languages between 1994 and end of 2015, using appropriate search terms. Reference lists were also scrutinized for case reports. We documented initial and worst symptoms and signs of SH, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcome of the SH. We calculated occurrences in per cent using the number of informative reports as denominator.

Results

One hundred and sixty-six case reports on spinal hematomas after CNB published during the years between 1994 and 2015 were identified. Eighty per cent of the patients had severe neurological symptoms (paresis or paralysis). When compared over time, outcomes have improved significantly. Among patients subjected to surgical evacuation of the hematoma, outcomes were best if surgery was performed within 12 hours from the firstsign of motor dysfunction. However, even patients operated after more than 24 hours had relatively favourable outcomes. Whereas the outcomes after surgical evacuation of the epidural haematomas were quite satisfactory, only one of the operations for subdural haematoma (SSDH) resulted in a favourable outcome.

Conclusions and implications

Suspicion of a spinal hematoma calls for the consultation of an orthopaedic or neurological surgeon without delay. MRI is the recommended diagnostic tool. Surgical evacuation within 12 h from the first sign of motor dysfunction seems to lead to the best outcome, although many patients operated as late as after more than 24 hours did regain full motor function. Despite the poor prognosis after surgical evacuation of SSDH, the outcomes after post-CNB spinal haematoma in general have improved significantly over time.
On the central management of risk networks
Authors: Avram Florin , Minca Andreea
Published: March 2017

In this paper we identify three questions concerning the management of risk networks with a central branch, which may be solved using the extensive machinery available for one-dimensional risk models. First, we propose a criterion for judging whether a subsidiary is viable by its readiness to pay dividends to the central branch, as reflected by the optimality of the zero-level dividend barrier. Next, for a deterministic central branch which must bailout a single subsidiary each time its surplus becomes negative, we determine the optimal bailout policy, as well as the ruin probability and other risk measures, in closed form. Moreover, we extend these results to the case of hierarchical networks. Finally, for nondeterministic central branches with one subsidiary, we compute approximate risk measures by applying rational approximations, and by using the recently developed matrix scale methodology.
Estimation of entropy for Poisson marked point processes
Authors: Alonso-Ruiz P. , Spodarev E.
Published: March 2017

In this paper a kernel estimator of the differential entropy of the mark distribution of a homogeneous Poisson marked point process is proposed. The marks have an absolutely continuous distribution on a compact Riemannian manifold without boundary. We investigate L2 and the almost surely consistency of this estimator as well as its asymptotic normality.
Genealogies of two linked neutral loci after a selective sweep in a large population of stochastically varying size
Authors: Brink-Spalink Rebekka , Smadi Charline
Published: March 2017

We study the impact of a hard selective sweep on the genealogy of partially linked neutral loci in the vicinity of the positively selected allele. We consider a sexual population of stochastically varying size and, focusing on two neighboring loci, derive an approximate formula for the neutral genealogy of a sample of individuals taken at the end of the sweep. Individuals are characterized by ecological parameters depending on their genetic type, and governing their growth rate and interactions with other individuals (competition). As a consequence, the `fitness' of an individual depends on the population state and is not an intrinsic characteristic of individuals. We provide a deep insight into the dynamics of the mutant and wild-type populations during the different stages of a selective sweep.
An introduction to pressure metrics for higher Teichmüller spaces
Authors: BRIDGEMAN MARTIN , CANARY RICHARD , SAMBARINO ANDRÉS
Published: March 2017

We discuss how one uses the thermodynamic formalism to produce metrics on higher Teichmüller spaces. Our higher Teichmüller spaces will be spaces of Anosov representations of a word-hyperbolic group into a semi-simple Lie group. We begin by discussing our construction in the classical setting of the Teichmüller space of a closed orientable surface of genus at least 2, then we explain the construction for Hitchin components and finally we treat the general case. This paper surveys results of Bridgeman, Canary, Labourie and Sambarino, The pressure metric for Anosov representations, and discusses questions and open problems which arise.
Glotto chronologic theory: Valid or not in Chinese languages?
Authors: Munro Stanley R.
Published: March 2017

While reading the literature on glottochronology, I felt that there might be a special case which Swadesh, Lees, et al. had not accounted for: one which would not follow the same rate of divergence for basic vocabulary as they had generally predicted. This is the case in which languages diverge from a common proto language, but which nevertheless retain a common writing system—particularly a writing system which has no direct relationship to the phonemic system of the language. It could be hypothesized that due to the cohesive bond that might occur in languages with such a common writing system, the languages ought to diverge at a much slower rate than 80.5% retention per 1000 years as in the case of Lees’ findings (Lees 1953: 118-9), or 86% retention per 1000 years as in the case of Swadesh’s revised 100 word list (Swadesh 1955: 133-7). Subconsciously, my feelings about the Chinese “dialects” influenced me, particularly since I had already pre-judged the case and had assumed that the dialects diverged at a rate slower than Lees and Swadesh had predicted.
Perception verb complements in Spanish: same or different?
Authors: Suñer Margarita
Published: March 2017

Introduction. In Spanish, pairs of sentences like the following are found:

(1)

a.

Oigo que Juan toca la guitarra.

I-hear that John is-playing the the guitar.

b.

Oigo a Juan que toca la guitarra.

I-hear John that (he) is-playing the guitar.

(2)

a.

Vio que María estaba de regreso.

He-saw that Mary had returned.

b.

Vio a María que estaba de regreso.

He-saw Mary that (she) had returned.

(3)

a.

Veo que el río trae mucha agua.

I-see that the river carries a-lot-of water

b.

Veo el río que trae mucha agua.

I-see the river that (it) carries a-lot-of water.

In general, it appears that in sentences with verbs of perception which introduce a que clause, the embedded subject (see a. sentences) is able to move upwards to the object position in the main clause (see b. sentences). This pattern also occurs in the causative construction with dejar.

(4)

a.

Dejé que Juan saliera.

I-let that John leave (Subjunctive)

b.

Dejé a Juan que saliera.

I-let John that (he) leave (Subjunctive)
La Linguistique au congrès de l’acfas
Authors: Vachon-Spilka Irène
Published: March 2017

Le vingt-neuvième congrès de l’Acfas se tenait à l’Université d’Ottawa les 27, 28 et 29 Octobre 1961. Les membres de la section de Linguistique se sont réunis sous la présidence de MM. Jean-Paul Vinay et Roch Valin.

Voici le titre des communications qui ont été prononcées ainsi qu’un bref résumé de chacune d’elles.
On the formation and propagation of vortex rings and pairs of vortex rings
Authors: Wakelin S. L. , Riley N.
Published: March 2017

Axisymmetric high-Reynolds-number laminar flows are simulated numerically. In particular, we consider the formation and propagation of single vortex rings from a circular orifice in a plane boundary, and pairs of vortex rings from a circular annulus in a plane boundary. During formation, single rings grow within an essentially potential flow, as in the similarity theory of Pullin (1979). When released they are shown to propagate in an almost inviscid manner, as described by Saffman (1970). Pairs of vortex rings, formed at a circular annulus, have been studied by Weidman & Riley (1993), both experimentally and computationally. They conclude from their observations that the behaviour of the rings depends primarily upon two parameters, namely the impulse applied to the fluid, during ring formation, and the gap width of the annulus. The results we present in this paper confirm the dependence of the flow on these parameters.
The horseshoe vortex and vortex shedding around a vertical wall-mounted cylinder exposed to waves
Authors: Sumer B. M. , Christiansen N. , Fredsøe J.
Published: March 2017

This study concerns the flow around the base of a vertical, wall-mounted cylinder - a pile - exposed to waves. The study comprises (i) flow visualization of horseshoe-vortex flow in front of and the lee-wake-vortex flow behind the pile and (ii) bed shear stress measurements around the pile conducted in a wave flume, plus supplementary bed shear stress measurements carried out in an oscillatory-flow water tunnel. The Reynolds number range of the flume experiments is ReD = (2-9) x 103 and that of the tunnel experiments is ReD= 103—5 x 104, in which ReD is based on the pile size. Steadycurrent tests were also carried out for reference. The horseshoe-vortex flow (like leewake-vortex flow) is governed primarily by the Keulegan-Carpenter number, KC. The range of KC was from 0 to about 25 in the flume experiments, and from 4 to 120 in the tunnel experiments. The experiments were conducted mainly with circular piles. The results indicate that no horseshoe vortex exists for KC < 6. The size and lifespan of the horseshoe vortex increase with KC. The influence of the cross-sectional shape of the pile on the horseshoe vortex was investigated. The results show that a square pile with 90° orientation produces the largest horseshoe vortex while that with 45° orientation produces the smallest one, the circular-pile result being between the two. The influence of a superimposed current on the horseshoe vortex was also investigated. The range of the current-to-wave-induced-velocity ratio, Uc/Um, was from 0 to about 0.8. The overall effect of the superimposed current is to increase the size and lifespan of the horseshoe vortex. This effect increases with increasing Uc/Um. Regarding the near-bed lee-wake flow, the flow regimes observed for the two-dimensional free-cylinder case exist for the present case, too, but with one exception: in the present case, no transverse vortex street was observed in the so-called single-pair regime. The results show that the bed shear stress beneath the horseshoe vortex and in the lee-wake area is heavily influenced by KC. The amplification of the bed shear stress with respect to its undisturbed value is maximum (O(4)) at the side edges of the pile, in contrast to what occurs in steady currents where the maximum occurs at an angle of about 45° from the upstream edge of the pile with an amplification of O(10).
Turbulent dispersion with broken reflectional symmetry
Authors: Borgas Michael , Flesch Thomas K. , Sawford Brian L.
Published: March 2017

We consider dispersion in axisymmetric turbulence which lacks reflectional symmetry. A stochastic equation for the Lagrangian evolution of the velocity of a fluid particle, which is appropriate for infinite Reynolds number turbulence, is used to model the dispersion. Such equations are now common as Lagrangian dispersion models for atmospheric transport problems, but are only strictly well founded for isotropic homogeneous turbulence. It is the minimalist variation from this state of affairs that is considered here. Axisymmetry is the most highly symmetric turbulence that can be suitably analysed by these techniques, spherical symmetry being equivalent to full isotropy in the class of models considered. This simple relaxation of full symmetry leads to oscillations of the Lagrangian velocity autocorrelation, oscillatory growth of the dispersion, significant reduction of dispersion for fixed turbulence kinetic energy and dissipation rate, spiralling fluid-particle trajectories, and tracer fluxes orthogonal to gradients (skew diffusion). The mean fluid-particle angular momentum is an important parameter.
Analogy between predictions of Kolmogorov and Yaglom
Authors: Antonia R. A. , Ould-Rouis M. , Anselmet F. , Zhu Y.
Published: March 2017

The relation, first written by Kolmogorov, between the third-order moment of the longitudinal velocity increment δu1 and the second-order moment of δu1 is presented in a slightly more general form relating the mean value of the product δu1(δui)2, where (δui)2 is the sum of the square of the three velocity increments, to the secondorder moment of δui. In this form, the relation is similar to that derived by Yaglom for the mean value of the product δu1(δuθ)2 where (δuθ)2 is the square of the temperature increment. Both equations reduce to a ‘four-thirds’ relation for inertialrange separations and differ only through the appearance of the molecular Prandtl number for very small separations. These results are confirmed by experiments in a turbulent wake, albeit at relatively small values of the turbulence Reynolds number.
Seasonality in a taxocoenosis of molluscs from soft bottoms in the Bay of Cádiz (southern Spain)
Authors: Rueda Jose L. , Fernández-Casado Manuel , Salas Carmen , Gofas Serge
Published: March 2017

The macrofauna of molluscs associated with soft bottoms in the Bay of Cádiz (southern Spain) was studied monthly from February 1994 to January 1996. The number of species (63) is high for a soft bottom and is related to environmental characteristics (growth of macrophytes) and the biogeographical setting of the studied area. Corbula gibba (∼90%) was the dominant species in this taxocoenosis together with the gastropod Nassarius pygmaeus and the bivalves Pandora inaequivalvis, Parvicardium exiguum and Macoma melo. The most frequent species during the two years was also the bivalve Corbula gibba (100%) followed by the gastropods Nassarius pygmaeus, Tricolia tenuis, Rissoa membranacea and the bivalve Macoma melo. Total abundance of the taxocoenosis in both years reached higher values in spring. The dynamics of the ecological indices such as diversity or evenness, and the species richness showed a similar pattern in both years, with low values of diversity and evenness together with high species richness in spring and summer months and the reverse in autumn and winter. The qualitative correspondence analysis of monthly samples shows an ordination related to seasonality in both studied years, however the values of Jaccard's coefficient do not indicate significant boundaries among the monthly samples. The quantitative correspondence analysis shows an ordination and grouping of samples related to the biology of species, particularly with the recruitment of C. gibba, the dominant species. The existence of similar trends in the structure of the taxocoenoses over both years, and the seasonality highlighted by the qualitative correspondence analysis, seems to indicate a certain stability of the ecosystem.
Coexistence of introduced and native congeneric algae: Codium fragile and C. tomentosum on Irish rocky intertidal shores
Authors: Trowbridge Cynthia D.
Published: March 2017

The coexistence of three taxa of Codium (Chlorophyta: Codiaceae) was examined on wave-swept shores of western Ireland: the introduced macroalgae Codium fragile ssp. atlanticum and ssp. tomentosoides and the native Codium tomentosum. In spring 1999 and 2000, four sites were monitored to evaluate whether past predictions regarding temporal changes and species replacement occurred. Introduced and native species of dichotomously branching Codium occurred at four tidal levels: in tidepools in (i) the upper barnacle zone; (ii) the mid barnacle/fucoid zone; (iii) the mussel zone, and (iv) on emergent substrata in the red algal turf/kelp zone. Codium fragile ssp. atlanticum and ssp. tomentosoides grew together in 11·9% of surveyed pools containing Codium. Compared to 1971 censuses, C. fragile ssp. atlanticum had increased in relative abundance at all tidal levels, and the dominance of C. fragile ssp. tomentosoides had declined. The native C. tomentosum constituted the same percentage of the population as it did in 1971. Pool availability and primary rock surfaces were not limiting at most sites, indicating that inter-subspecific and inter-specific competition could not account for temporal changes in Codium distribution on Irish shores. Ecological constraints other than intra-generic competition may have contributed to the purported long-term changes in Codium abundance.
Larval brooding and development of the micromorph rhynchonellid Tethyrhynchia mediterranea (Brachiopoda: Recent)
Authors: Lüter Carsten
Published: March 2017

Two developmental stages of the micromorph rhynchonellid Tethyrhynchia mediterranea (Brachiopoda: Tethyrhychiidae) are described using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). They were found in niches of the mantle cavity of adult females, as T. mediterranea broods its offspring between the protecting valves of the shell. The developmental stages of T. mediterranea are very small (∼120 μm), but relative to adult body size of up to 1·2 mm in length they are larger than any other lecithotrophic brachiopod larva. Dispersal ability and phylogeography of T. mediterranea in the Mediterranean Sea is discussed.
Habitat-associated variability in survival and growth of three species of microgastropods
Authors: Olabarria C. , Chapman M.G.
Published: March 2017

Three species of microgastropods, Eatoniella atropurpurea, Eatonina rubrilabiata and Amphithalamus incidata, are common in various habitats at mid to low levels on intertidal shores in New South Wales, Australia. These habitats include patches of sediment, pebbles and algal turf. These species are very patchy, varying in abundance within and among habitats at scales of centimetres to many metres. This study describes laboratory experiments which tested hypotheses about differences in mortality and growth rates for each species in three different habitats: sediment, pebbles and coralline turf. There was greater mortality in coralline turf without sediment for E. rubrilabiata and A. incidata, whereas Eatoniella atropurpurea showed a greater mortality in sediment. Moreover, Eatonina rubrilabiata had a faster rate of growth in sediment, whereas Eatoniella atropurpurea grew more rapidly in coralline turf. The different rates of mortality and growth for these species in different habitats provide mechanisms which may partially explain the patterns of abundance in the field.
The identity of Alcyonidium diaphanum (Bryozoa: Ctenostomatida)
Authors: Porter J.S. , Hayward P.J. , Spencer Jones M.E.
Published: March 2017

The taxonomic identity of the common subtidal ctenostomate bryozoan Alcyonidium diaphanum is resolved using comparative morphological and molecular genetic techniques. The newly recognized lectotype series and topotype specimens are described and illustrated. The incorporation of spicules and foreign particles during colony growth is described. Colony morphology and genetic characters of the three commonly occurring morphotypes are examined, showing that just a single genetic species may be recognized, based on the 12s rRNA and CO1 mtDNA genes. Mitochondrial haplotypes show no general correlation with either colony morphotype or geographical location.
The crab carrion-scavenging amphipod, Orchomene nanus in Lough Hyne, Co. Cork, Ireland
Authors: Morritt David
Published: March 2017

Amphipod traps baited with crab carrion caught significantly greater numbers of the specialist crab necrophage, Orchomene nanus in the South Basin of Lough Hyne than in the North Basin. The results can be explained with reference to the known distribution of crab species in the lough and also the hydrographical characteristics of the two basins.
A note on the topological sliceness of some 2-bridge knots
Authors: MILLER ALLISON N.
Published: March 2017

We use twisted Alexander polynomials to show that certain algebraically slice 2-bridge knots are not topologically slice, even though all prime power Casson–Gordon signatures vanish. We also provide some computations indicating the efficacy of Casson–Gordon signatures in obstructing the smooth sliceness of 2-bridge knots.
Children Australia …: Keeping us focused and connected
Authors: Campbell Lynda
Published: March 2017

Children Australia is a friendly journal. It is accessible, readable, contemporary, and straight forward. It has always been intended as a forum for practitioners and external commentators alike. The editorial policy has been relatively relaxed, with assistance provided to ensure a good spread of contributors. A quick scan of papers published over the last four years shows a predominance of papers from academics, primarily within schools of social work. These are enriched by contributions from writers from community development, youth services, child development, psychology, policy studies and history, often giving an extra critical slant or a sharp specialist focus that might otherwise be conspicuously missing. Personally, I really appreciate this interdisciplinary conversation and hope it will be preserved and developed.
The reviewer speaks …
Authors: Lehmann Jennifer
Published: March 2017

It’s usually the end of a long day — perhaps the end of a long week — when that anonymous article is drawn from the pile of ‘things to do’. And it seemed like a small task when I agreed to be a reviewer for that journal article. I was interested in the topic … I am interested in the topic! I also support the aims and focus of the journal. After all, it’s one that melds practice and theory, and creates dialogue and debate amongst a range of professionals working in the child, youth and family sector. But I’m a little weary and I’m hoping to find energy and passion in the paper I’m about to tackle — an energy that will carry me through the next few hours of reading, thinking and writing that review report.
Personal safety issues in the lives of children with learning disabilities
Authors: Briggs Freda , Hawkins Russell
Published: March 2017

An earlier evaluation of the New Zealand child protection program ‘Keeping Ourselves Safe’ found, inter alia, that girls with learning problems were highly vulnerable to drugs, sexual abuse and violence (Briggs & Hawkins 1996a). This led to the present study, the aim of which was to focus specifically on children with learning disabilities, and to include data from boys as well as girls.

Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from one hundred and sixteen students aged 11–17 years (61 females and 55 males) who were interviewed in special education units. Their common characteristics were that they had all been assessed as being 3 years or more behind their chronological age group in their development and achievement, they needed individually planned curricula across the range of school subjects, and they had all previously attended mainstream schools throughout the North and South Islands of New Zealand.

The study confirmed the vulnerability of children with learning disabilities to the risks of drugs, violence, psychological bullying, pornography and sexual abuse. Significant levels of violence in both schools and the home were found. The study also showed the need for special attention for the protection of boys.

It is possible that children with learning disabilities were targeted because they were seen as safer targets in terms of an expectation that they would be less aware of the difference between right and wrong and less likely than other children to make a report about any abusive behaviour. If this speculative hypothesis is correct, it means that children with learning disabilities require even more vigilant forms of protection than other children.
The ‘rule of optimism’: Dilemmas of embracing a strength based approach in child protection work
Authors: Cousins Carolyn
Published: March 2017

Written from a practitioner’s perspective, this article explores some concerns with the application of the very popular strength based approaches to statutory child protection work. It is suggested that, despite the many benefits and positives in these approaches, these models are sometimes used (or misused) too early in intervention, which can lead to over optimism about the possibilities for change. The article questions whether a solely strength based approach can be safely applied to child protection work, and encourages practitioners to question their practice and ‘proceed with caution’.
Metabolism of Fluazifop-P-butyl in Resistant Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) in Taiwan
Authors: Wang Chang-Sheng , Lin Wan-Ting , Chiang Yeong-Jene , Wang Ching-Yuh
Published: March 2017

Fluazifop-P-butyl, a selective graminicide, has been widely used to control annual grass weeds for more than three decades in Taiwan, and a resistant (R) biotype of goosegrass has consequently appeared. In this study, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was applied to analyze metabolites of fluazifop-P-butyl in a R biotype of goosegrass. Six signals, including mass-to-charge ratios (m/z) 512, 432, 423, 415, 314, and 160, in positive scanning mode, and four signals, including m/z 788, 623, 593, and 162, in negative scanning mode, were found in the metabolites of the R and S biotypes, respectively. All of the signals of these metabolites in the R biotype showed higher intensity than those of the S biotype, except for m/z 162. Based on the molecular weights of the fragments (MS2 signal) from the molecules (MS1 signal) and comparison with the Metabolite Link Metabolomics database, MassBank database, and related references, one reduced form of fluazifop acid, i.e., 2-[4-(5- trifluoromethyl-2-pyridyloxy) phenoxy] propanol (MW 313); two types of intermediates of MW 163, i.e., 5-trifluoromethyl-2-pyridone and 5-trifluoromethyl-2-hydroxypyridine (or 2-hydroxy-5-trifluoromethyl pyridine); and five possible conjugated compounds containing a common core fragment (MW 255) from fluazifop acid were identified. In addition, another compound, likely degraded from one of the five conjugated compounds, was also detected. Accordingly, the metabolic pathway of fluazifop-P-butyl in goosegrass is described in this study. An enzyme kinetic study on glutathione S-transferase showed that the R biotype has higher affinities to the substrates reduced glutathione (GSH) and 1-chloro-2, 4-dinitrobenzene, with S/R Km ratios of 3.0 and 2.4, respectively. No difference in Vmax was found, revealing that the S biotype has a strong ability to bind GSH and herbicide or target molecules and showed susceptibility to fluazifop.
Mapping the Topographic Fingerprints of Humanity Across Earth
Authors: Tarolli Paolo , Sofia Giulia , Ellis Erle
Published: March 2017

If increasingly globalized societies are to make better land management decisions, the geosciences must globally evaluate how humans are reshaping Earth 's surface
Study Finds That Coastal Wetlands Excel at Storing Carbon
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: March 2017

Shoreline environments show more promise than other marine ecosystems for mitigating climate change, the analysis shows.
MS4A4A: a novel cell surface marker for M2 macrophages and plasma cells
Authors: Sanyal Ratna , Polyak Maria J , Zuccolo Jonathan , Puri Mandip , Deng Lili , Roberts Luc , Zuba Ania , Storek Jan , Luider Joanne M , Sundberg Ellen M , Mansoor Adnan , Baigorri Eva , Chu Michael P , Belch Andrew R , Pilarski Linda M , Deans Julie P
Published: March 2017

MS4A4A is a member of the membrane‐spanning, four domain family, subfamily A (MS4A) that includes CD20 (MS4A1), FcRβ (MS4A2) and Htm4 (MS4A3). Like the first three members of this family, transcription ofMS4A4Aappears to be limited to hematopoietic cells. To evaluate expression of the MS4A4A protein in hematopoietic cell lineages and subsets we generated monoclonal antibodies against extracellular epitopes for use in flow cytometry. In human peripheral blood we found that MS4A4A is expressed at the plasma membrane in monocytes but not in granulocytes or lymphocytes.In vitrodifferentiation of monocytes demonstrated that MS4A4A is expressed in immature but not activated dendritic cells, and in macrophages generated in the presence of interleukin‐4 (‘alternatively activated’ or M2 macrophages) but not by interferon‐γ and lipopolysaccharide (‘classically’ activated or M1 macrophages). MS4A4A was expressed in the U937 monocytic cell line only after differentiation. In normal bone marrow, MS4A4A was expressed in mature monocytes but was undetected, or detected at only a low level, in myeloid/monocytic precursors, as well as their malignant counterparts in patients with various subtypes of myeloid leukemia. Although MS4A4A was not expressed in healthy B lymphocytes, it was highly expressed in normal plasma cells, CD138+ cells from multiple myeloma patients, and bone marrow B cells from a patient with mantle cell lymphoma. These findings suggest immunotherapeutic potential for MS4A4A antibodies in targeting alternatively activated macrophages such as tumor‐associated macrophages, and in the treatment of multiple myeloma and mantle cell lymphoma.
Correction: Corrigendum: Nuclear RNA-seq of single neurons reveals molecular signatures of activation
Authors: Lacar Benjamin , Linker Sara B. , Jaeger Baptiste N. , Krishnaswami Suguna Rani , Barron Jerika J. , Kelder Martijn J. E. , Parylak Sarah L , Paquola Apuã C. M. , Venepally Pratap , Novotny Mark , O’Connor Carolyn , Fitzpatrick Conor , Erwin Jennifer A. , Hsu Jonathan Y. , Husband David , McConnell Michael J. , Lasken Roger , Gage Fred H.
Published: March 2017

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 11022 (2016); Published 19 April 2016; Updated 17 March 2017 An incorrect version of Supplementary Data 1, in which normalized counts were analysed instead of raw counts, resulting in a smaller number of differentially expressed genes, was inadvertently published with this article.
Vulnerability to omega-3 deprivation in a mouse model of NMDA receptor hypofunction
Authors: Islam Rehnuma , Trépanier Marc-Olivier , Milenkovic Marija , Horsfall Wendy , Salahpour Ali , Bazinet Richard P. , Ramsey Amy J.
Published: March 2017

Several studies have found decreased levels of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the brain and blood of schizophrenia patients. Furthermore, dietary ω-3 supplements may improve schizophrenia symptoms and delay the onset of first-episode psychosis. We used an animal model of NMDA receptor hypofunction, NR1KD mice, to understand whether changes in glutamate neurotransmission could lead to changes in brain and serum fatty acids. We further asked whether dietary manipulations of ω-3, either depletion or supplementation, would affect schizophrenia-relevant behaviors of NR1KD mice. We discovered that NR1KD mice have elevated brain levels of ω-6 fatty acids regardless of their diet. While ω-3 supplementation did not improve any of the NR1KD behavioral abnormalities, ω-3 depletion exacerbated their deficits in executive function. Omega-3 depletion also caused extreme mortality among male mutant mice, with 75% mortality rate by 12 weeks of age. Our studies show that alterations in NMDAR function alter serum and brain lipid composition and make the brain more vulnerable to dietary ω-3 deprivation.
Grating chips for quantum technologies
Authors: McGilligan James P. , Griffin Paul F. , Elvin Rachel , Ingleby Stuart J. , Riis Erling , Arnold Aidan S.
Published: March 2017

We have laser cooled 3 × 106 87Rb atoms to 3 μK in a micro-fabricated grating magneto-optical trap (GMOT), enabling future mass-deployment in highly accurate compact quantum sensors. We magnetically trap the atoms, and use Larmor spin precession for magnetic sensing in the vicinity of the atomic sample. Finally, we demonstrate an array of magneto-optical traps with a single laser beam, which will be utilised for future cold atom gradiometry.
Palmitoylethanolamide induces microglia changes associated with increased migration and phagocytic activity: involvement of the CB2 receptor
Authors: Guida F. , Luongo L. , Boccella S. , Giordano M. E. , Romano R. , Bellini G. , Manzo I. , Furiano A. , Rizzo A. , Imperatore R. , Iannotti F. A. , D’Aniello E. , Piscitelli F. , sca Rossi F. , Cristino L. , Di Marzo V. , de Novellis V. , Maione S.
Published: March 2017

The endogenous fatty acid amide palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) has been shown to exert anti-inflammatory actions mainly through inhibition of the release of pro-inflammatory molecules from mast cells, monocytes and macrophages. Indirect activation of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system is among the several mechanisms of action that have been proposed to underlie the different effects of PEA in vivo. In this study, we used cultured rat microglia and human macrophages to evaluate whether PEA affects eCB signaling. PEA was found to increase CB2 mRNA and protein expression through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) activation. This novel gene regulation mechanism was demonstrated through: (i) pharmacological PPAR-α manipulation, (ii) PPAR-α mRNA silencing, (iii) chromatin immunoprecipitation. Moreover, exposure to PEA induced morphological changes associated with a reactive microglial phenotype, including increased phagocytosis and migratory activity. Our findings suggest indirect regulation of microglial CB2R expression as a new possible mechanism underlying the effects of PEA. PEA can be explored as a useful tool for preventing/treating the symptoms associated with neuroinflammation in CNS disorders.