bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phosphonic-Based Hydrofluoric Acid: Interactions With Clay Minerals and Flow in Sandstone Cores
Authors: Zhou L.. , Nasr-El-Din H. A.
Published: July 2015

Regular mud acid, which is composed of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric (HF) acid, has been extensively used to remove formation damage in sandstone reservoirs; however, many problems may occur during stimulation treatments with this acid. To overcome many of these challenges, a phosphonic-based HF acid system has been used as an alternative to mud acid. However, very-limited research has been performed to investigate the interactions of phosphonic-based HF acid with clay minerals in sandstone reservoirs.

In this study, a phosphonic-based HF acid system with two HF concentrations (1.5 and 3 wt%) was used to evaluate the solubility of various clay minerals (kaolinite, bentonite, chlorite, and illite) as a function of time and temperature. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were used to identify of the reaction products. The pH of the solutions was measured by use of an HF-resistant electrode. The concentrations of key cations in the supernatant were analyzed by use of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The 19F, 31P, and 27Al liquid nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments were used for the first time to evaluate the reaction of this specific phosphonic-based acid with clay minerals. Coreflood experiments on Berea sandstone cores were conducted at 300°F and a flow rate of 2 cm3/min by use of full-strength phosphonic-based HF acid (3 wt% of HF) and mud acid (12 wt% of HCl and 3 wt% of HF).

No aluminum fluoride (AlF3) precipitate was identified by EDS and X-ray-diffraction analyses of the solid samples after kaolinite, bentonite, and illite reacted with full-strength phosphonic-based HF acid. Large amounts of AlF3 were noticed in the chlorite samples after being treated with a full-strength phosphonic-based HF acid. The concentration of soluble silicon decreases in the spent acid after full-strength phosphonic-based HF acid reacted with clay minerals at 302°F. This indicated a secondary reaction that occurred at high temperatures, decreasing the ratio of silicon/aluminum. This result was further confirmed by the 19F NMR results at high temperature. The 19F NMR results obtained after the high-temperature reaction showed that HF acid in the full-strength phosphonic-based-HF acid solution was completely consumed in 30 minutes when it reacted with clay minerals at a weight ratio of 10:1 at 302°F. Coreflood tests showed significant permeability improvement to Berea sandstone when using full-strength phosphonic-based HF acid compared with regular mud acid.
Corrigendum: Cvijic G, Lakic I, Vujovic P, Jasnic N, Djurasevic S, Dronjak-Cucakovic S, Djordjevic J. Single and combined effects of acute and chronic non-thermal stressors on rat interscapular brown adipose tissue metabolic activity. Arch biol sci. 2013;65(3):919-27 DOI:10.2298/ABS1303919C
Authors: Editorial E
Published: July 2015

The Editor-in-Chief has been informed that the results in Fig. 2A in the
article: Single and combined effects of acute and chronic non-thermal
stressors on rat interscapular brown adipose tissue metabolic activity,
published in the Archives of Biological Sciences in 2013, Vol. 65, Issue 3,
partially overlap with the results in Fig. 2, published in the article:
Lakic I, Drenca T, Djordjevic J, Vujovic P, Jasnic N, Djurasevic S,
Dronjak-Cucakovic S, Cvijic G. Arch Biol Sci. 2011;63(3):589-96,
DOI:10.2298/ABS1103589L. After inspection of these articles and
illustrations, and after discussion with the corresponding author of both
articles, it was revealed that this is a case of partial overlap, i.e. of
the authors presenting new findings that contain a comparatively small
amount of previously published information. By publishing this corrigendum
the journal is providing appropriate cross-referencing to the earlier work.

 Link to the corrected article 10.2298/ABS1303919C
Retraction: Shah JA, Pandit AK. Seasonal succession of crustacean zooplankton in Wular lake of the Kashmir Himalaya. Arch biol sci. 2013;65(3):1063-8. DOI:10.2298/ABS1303063B
Authors: Editorial E
Published: July 2015

This is a notice of retraction of the article: Seasonal succession of
crustacean zooplankton in Wular lake of the Kashmir Himalaya, published in
the Archives of Biological Sciences in 2013, Vol. 65, Issue 3. The
Editor-in-Chief has been informed of different degrees of scholarly
misconduct in figures and tables presented in this article. After inspection,
the following issues were revealed: 1) Table 2 contains a subset of the
results described in Table 2 in previously published papers, respectively: I.
Shah J A, Pandit A K. Relation between physico-chemical limnology and
crustacean community in Wular Lake of Kashmir Himalaya. Pak J Biol Sci.
2013;16(19):976-83. DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2013.976.983 II. Shah J A, Pandit A K.
Diversity and Abundance of Cladoceran Zooplankton in Wular Lake, Kashmir
Himalaya. Res J Environ Earth Sci. 2013;5(7):410-7. e-ISSN: 2041-0492 III.
Shah J A, Pandit A K, Shah M. Distribution, diversity and abundance of
copepod zooplankton of Wular Lake, Kashmir Himalaya. J Ecol Nat Environ.
2013;5(2):24-9. DOI:10.5897/JENE12.100 2) Tables 2 and 3 are examples of
duplication of data presented in the previously published paper: Shah J A,
Pandit A K. Relation between physico-chemical limnology and crustacean
community in Wular Lake of Kashmir Himalaya. Pak J Biol Sci.
2013;16(19):976-83. DOI:10.3923/pjbs.2013.976.983 3) Table 3 is a rearranged
presentation of a subset of data presented in Table 2 of the previously
published paper: Shah J A, Pandit A K. Diversity and abundance of cladoceran
zooplankton in Wular Lake, Kashmir Himalaya. Res J Environ Earth Sci.
2013;5(7):410-7. e-ISSN: 2041-0492 After confirmation of these claims, the
Editor-in-Chief of the Archives of Biological Sciences has decided to retract
the paper immediately.

 Link to the retracted
article <a
href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ABS1303063B">10.2298/ABS1303063B
Effects of Temperature and Aging on Working/Setting Time of Dual-cured Resin Cements
Authors: Pegoraro TA , Fulgêncio R , Butignon LE , Manso AP , Carvalho RM
Published: July 2015

Objectives

To evaluate the effects of aging and temperature on working time (WT) and setting time (ST) of several dual-cured resin cements.

Methods

WT and ST were determined with a thermo-controlled stage oscillating rheometer. New cement kits were used for the study. Cements were mixed according to instructions and dispensed on the oscillating stage that was preset at 22°C or 37°C. Rheologic charts were generated from the beginning of mixing until no further oscillation was detected. After initial measurements, cement kits were aged at 37°C for 12 weeks, and WT/ST was determined again at both temperatures. Five samples were read for each material and condition. Data were analyzed with repeated measures analysis of variance and a Tukey test at α=5% for each individual material.

Results

The WT and ST of all cements were significantly affected by temperature and aging (p<0.05). In general, higher temperature accelerated WT/ST, but aging effects were material dependent. Some materials presented reduced WT/ST, whereas others showed increased WT/ST, regardless of the temperature.

Conclusions

The WT and ST were significantly affected by temperature variation and aging condition. Although temperature changes appeared to affect all materials similarly, aging effects were material dependent.
Use of a Copper Band to Make Resin Cores in Endodontically Treated Teeth Lacking Coronal Structure
Authors: de la Peña V Alonso , Darriba IL , Valea M Caserio , Santana-Mora U
Published: July 2015

This article describes the use of a copper band as a matrix to build up resin cores in endodontically treated teeth that have a partially subgingival margin. The copper band is adjusted to the contour of the remaining dental structure and extends beyond the margins to ensure complete isolation in order to provide a matrix to fabricate a core.
Brazilian Educational System and Advances in Vocational Teaching with the Advent of Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology
Authors: D'Andrea Alexandre Fonseca , Alves Arilde Franco , de Carvalho Joabson Nogueira , da Silveira Edmundson Maria Verônica Andrade , Abramson Charles I.
Published: July 2015

This paper is a description of the current situation of Vocational Education in Brazil, to indicate directions and perspectives for teaching practice and research, under the Federal Network of Vocational, Scientific and Technological Education of Brazil. Issues discussed include the history of university education in Brazil, how students are selected for university training, the role of government regulation in encouraging university education, and problems with the educational system. Of special interest are programs related to international cooperation such as the Thousand Women Program and Science Without Borders.
Evaluation of S100B in the diagnosis of suspected intracranial hemorrhage after minor head injury in patients who are receiving platelet aggregation inhibitors and in patients 65 years of age and older
Authors: Thaler Heinrich Wolfgang , Schmidsfeld Jochen , Pusch Michael , Pienaar Simon , Wunderer Jörg , Pittermann Paul , Valenta Rosmarie , Gleiss Andreas , Fialka Christian , Mousavi Mehdi
Published: July 2015

OBJECT

Cranial CT (CCT) scans and hospital admission are increasingly performed to rule out intracranial hemorrhage in patients after minor head injury (MHI), particularly in older patients and in those receiving antiplatelet therapy. This leads to high radiation exposure and a growing financial burden. The aim of this study was to determine whether the astroglial-derived protein S100B that is released into blood can be used as a reliable negative predictive tool for intracranial bleeding in patients after MHI, when they are older than 65 years or being treated with antiplatelet drugs (low-dose aspirin, clopidogrel).

METHODS

The authors conducted a prospective observational study in 2 trauma hospitals. A total of 782 patients with MHI (Glasgow Coma Scale Score 13–15) who were on medication with platelet aggregation inhibitors (PAIs) or were age 65 years and older, independent of antiplatelet therapy, were included. Clinical examination, bloodwork, observation, and CCT were performed in the traumatology emergency departments. When necessary, patients were admitted and observation took place on the ward; in these patients, CCT was performed during their hospital stay. Patients with severe trauma, focal neurological deficits, posttraumatic seizures, anticoagulant therapy, alcohol intoxication, coagulation disorder, blood sampling more than 3 hours after trauma, and unknown time of the trauma were excluded from the study. The median age of the patients was 83 years, and 69% were female. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of S100B with reference to CCT findings were calculated. The cutoff of S100B was set at 0.105 μg/L.

RESULTS

Of the 782 patients, 50 (6.4%) had intracranial bleeding. One patient with positive results on CCT scan showed an S100B level below 0.105 μg/L. Of all patients, 33.1% were below the cutoff. S100B showed a sensitivity of 98.0% (CI 89.5%–99.7%), a negative predictive value of 99.6% (CI 97.9%–99.9%), a specificity of 35.3% (CI 31.9%– 38.8%), and a positive predictive value of 9.4% (CI 7.2%–12.2%).

CONCLUSIONS

Levels of S100B below 0.105 μg/L can accurately predict normal CCT findings after MHI in older patients and in those treated with PAIs. Combining conventional decision criteria with measurement of S100B can reduce the CCT scan and hospital admission rates by approximately 30%.
Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Spiro-Oxindoles using Fe3+-Montmorillonite under Ultrasonic Irradiation
Authors: Mamaghani Manouchehr , Tabatabaeian Khalil , Pourshiva Mina , Nia Roghayeh Hossein
Published: July 2015

A simple and efficient one-pot three-component approach was devised for the synthesis of spiro-oxindoles through the reaction of isatin derivatives, malononitrile and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of modified montmorillonite (Fe3+-mont.) under ultrasonic irradiation. The reaction furnished the desired products in excellent yields (85–95%) and short reaction times (2–7 min).
Efficient Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles Catalysed by Silver(I) Bis(trifluoromethanesulfoyl)Nimide
Authors: Wang Hongshe , Zhao Weixing
Published: July 2015

An efficient method is developed for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles through the [3 + 2] cycloaddition reaction of nitriles with sodium azide using silver(I) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (AgNTf2) as a catalyst. This procedure provides mild reaction conditions, short reaction times and high yields.
Effect of Hot Filament Chemical Vapour Deposition Growth Method on Tungsten Carbide Nanostructures
Authors: Jafari A. , Akbarnejad E. , Ghoranneviss M. , Yazdi N. Fasihi , Rezaei A.
Published: July 2015

The synthesis of tungsten carbide nanostructures on silicon substrates using hot filament chemical vapour deposition is described. The effect of substrate temperature and gas mixture on structural and morphological properties of the nanostructure was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Raman spectroscopy. The XRD results show that different phases are more likely to grow due to increasing carbonisation by increasing the temperature. Also EDAX analyses confirm the presence of tungsten and carbon in structure. All Raman spectra indicate the occurrence of the amorphous carbon, characterised by two peaks, one related to carbon network and another which is due to disorder. From AFM images we can conclude that the grain size increased by increasing the temperature and this caused the increase in the roughness.
Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Novel 1,2,3-Thiadiazole Derivatives using Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Zhai Zhi-Wen , Yang Ming-Yan , Sun Zhao-Hui , Liu Xing-Hai , Weng Jian-Quan , Tan Cheng-Xia
Published: July 2015

A series of novel urea derivatives containing the 1,2,3-thiadiazole moiety were synthesised using microwave-assisted condensation reactions of 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carbohydrazide with various substituted isocyanatobenzenes in acetonitrile. Their chemical structures were characterised by 1H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. This method provides several advantages such as high yields, facile work-up and is environmentally friendly.
Synthesis and Photochromic Properties of 3,3′-Dihydroxy-6,6′(or 7,7′)-Dimethyl-3,3′-Dipropyl-[2,2′-bi-1H-indenylidene]-1,1′-Dione
Authors: Li Xu
Published: July 2015

3,3′-Dihydroxy-6,6′(or 7,7′)-dimethyl-3,3′-dipropyl-[2,2′-bi-1H-indenylidene]-1,1′-dione was found to undergo photochromism in a single crystalline phase from yellow to red. The structure of the compound was confirmed by X-ray crystallography analysis. Results showed that the compound contains a pair of isomers, 3,3′-dihydroxy-6,6′-dimethyl-3,3′-dipropyl-[2,2′-bi-1H-indenylidene]-1,1′-dione and 3,3′-dihydroxy-7,7′-dimethyl-3,3′-dipropyl-[2,2′-bi-1H-indenylidene]-1,1′-dione. A plausible reaction mechanism was proposed.
Preparation and Structural Properties of Highly Twisted Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with [4]Helicene Components
Authors: Moriguchi Tetsuji , Kitou Naoya , Iwamoto Takuya , Yoza Kenji , Tsuge Akihiko
Published: July 2015

Novel di-tert-butylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with [4] helicene components were prepared through an oxidative photocyclisation reaction. The structural properties of the PAHs were evaluated with 1H NMR and X-ray crystallography. It was detected that the PAHs have highly twisted π-conjugated systems and a deep fjord region. Although they are not planar, these PAHs can readily form dimers in solutions and undergo staggered one-dimensional array columnar crystal packing by intermolecular π–π interactions.
Efficient Synthesis of Novel Oxime Analogues of the Hormone 1α, 25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3
Authors: Li Hongliang , Fang Zhijie , Dai Huanran , Zhang Hengrui , Liu Yanan
Published: July 2015

Calcitriol analogues which contained an oxime in the side chain were synthesised in five steps from an intermediate 22-nor Ketone. The key intermediate enones were synthesised by the Wittig–Horner olefination and Wittig olefination respectively. Reduction, oximation, photoisomerisation and deprotection gave the target compounds with the oxime at C-24.
Noise-induced Hearing Loss among Traffic Policemen in the City of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Authors: Nagodawithana Nandika S. , Pathmeswaran Arunasalam , Pannila Ananda S. , Wickramasinghe Ananda R. , Sathiakumar Nalini
Published: July 2015

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is a high frequency sensory-neural hearing loss and exposure to traffic noise by traffic policemen makes them susceptible to develop NIHL. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and correlates of NIHL among traffic policemen in the city of Colombo, Sri Lanka. A cross sectional study was carried out using 350 traffic policemen who are working in the city at least six months of duration. Pure-tone audiometry test and interviewer-administered questionnaire were used to assess hearing and correlates of NIHL, respectively. The chi-square test and logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between risk factors and NIHL.

287 policemen attended pure-tone audiometry test to check their hearing. Of 287 subjects, the prevalence of NIHL was found in 118 policemen (41%; 95% CI: 36%-47%). Of those with any type of NIHL, 33% (39/118) had major NIHL while 67% (79/118) had minor NIHL. In bivariate analysis 23 variables showed statistically significant association with mild and major NIHL. Multivariate logistic regression modelling found statistically significant association between “duration of employment as a policeman” and any type of NIHL (OR = 1.007; 95% CI = 1.005-1.009), adjusted for 23 variables including age. The prevalence of NIHL among traffic policemen in the city was high. Of those with any type of NIHL, one-third had major NIHL. Traffic policemen should undergo periodic hearing assessment. The police department should explore the feasibility of reducing the number of hours per day spent on the road by traffic policemen.
Extraction of Fluoride from Polluted Waters Using Low-cost Active Carbon Derived from Stems of Acalypha indica Plant
Authors: Suneetha M. , Syama Sundar B. , Ravindhranath K.
Published: July 2015

Batch mode adsorption experiments have been conducted successfully for the removal of fluoride from polluted waters with nitric acid active carbon derived from stems of Acalypha indica plant (NAcIC). The effect of various parameters such as pH, sorbent dosage, agitation time, initial concentration of fluoride, temperature, particle size and presence of foreign ions have been studied in detail and optimized for the maximum extraction of fluoride. Adsorption data have been modelled using Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherms and it has been observed that Langmuir isotherm well describes the experimental data because of RL and highest R2 values. Further, the Dubinin-Radushkevich mean free energy ( E = 3.16 kJ/mol) and Temkin heat of sorption ( B = 0.210 J/mol) for the NAcIC indicates the physisorption. Further, the adsorption kinetics is found to be pseudo-second order rate mechanism followed by pseudo-first order, intra particle diffusion, pore diffusion and Elovich model. FTIR, SEM and EDX studies confirm the fluoride binding ability of adsorbent. Field studies have been carried out with the fluoride-contaminated groundwater samples in order to test the suitability of the NAcIC using the same methodology at field conditions and it is found to be remarkably successful.
Formulary measures for the U.S. current account: Accounting for transactions attributable to special purpose entities of multinational enterprises
Authors: Rassier Dylan G.
Published: July 2015

To better understand the role of special purpose entities (SPEs) in economic accounting statistics, international guidelines on foreign direct investment(FDI) positions and transactions recommend supplemental measures on SPEs but leave the accounting method for supplemental measures open to further research. This paper considers formulary apportionment as an accounting method for current account transactions related to FDI and for supplemental measures on SPEs, with an application for transactions in income in the U.S. current account. The empirical results reveal that formulary apportionment reduces U.S. income receipts and U.S. income payments on FDI, which yields an implied increase in U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) of 0.9 percent for the period 2005 to 2009. The results suggest that transactions attributable to non-resident SPEs have a relatively large effect on U.S. GDP while transactions attributable to resident SPEs have a relatively small effect on U.S. GDP.
Measuring U.S. business cycles: A comparison of two methods and two indicators of economic activities
Authors: Ahking Francis W.
Published: July 2015

We examine two issues in business cycle research. We first compare the performance of Hamilton's Markov-Switching (MS) model and the Bry and Boschan algorithm in replicating the US business cycle features. A number of studies, especially Harding and Pagan, have demonstrated that Hamilton's nonlinear MS model do not replicate business cycle features better than simpler linear models. Second, we compare the ability of the U.S. real GDP and a relatively new coincident index of four economic indicators, published by the Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia, in replicating features of the U.S. business cycle. We find that Hamilton's MS model is not robust when compared to the Bry and Boschan algorithm with respect to different sample periods and to different measures of real income. Second, we also find that a constructed quarterly version of the coincident index is slightly preferred over the real GDP.
Computing regression statistics from grouped data
Authors: Schwiebert Jörg
Published: July 2015

This paper considers regression techniques for grouped data. In particular, it is shown how regression statistics obtained from individual level data can be replicated by means of grouped data. Three common regression approaches are considered: ordinary least squares, instrumental variables and nonlinear least squares regression. Also provided is code to implement the grouped-data techniques in the econometric software package Stata. An empirical example illustrates that the grouped-data formulas indeed replicate the statistics obtained from the individual level data. It is also argued why grouped data are important for empirical research.
Implementation of GPU-accelerated back projection for EPR imaging
Authors: Qiao Zhiwei , Redler Gage , Epel Boris , Qian Yuhua , Halpern Howard
Published: July 2015

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) Imaging (EPRI) is a robust method for measuring in vivo oxygen concentration (pO2). For 3D pulse EPRI, a commonly used reconstruction algorithm is the filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithm, in which the backprojection process is computationally intensive and may be time consuming when implemented on a CPU. A multistage implementation of the backprojection can be used for acceleration, however it is not flexible (requires equal linear angle projection distribution) and may still be time consuming. In this work, single-stage backprojection is implemented on a GPU (Graphics Processing Units) having 1152 cores to accelerate the process. The GPU implementation results in acceleration by over a factor of 200 overall and by over a factor of 3500 if only the computing time is considered. Some important experiences regarding the implementation of GPU-accelerated backprojection for EPRI are summarized. The resulting accelerated image reconstruction is useful for real-time image reconstruction monitoring and other time sensitive applications.
Dedicated mobile volumetric cone-beam computed tomography for human brain imaging: A phantom study
Authors: Ryu Jong-Hyun , Kim Tae-Hoon , Jeong Chang-Won , Jun Hong-Young , Heo Dong-Woon , Lee Jinseok , Kim Kyong-Woo , Yoon Kwon-Ha
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND: Mobile computed tomography (CT) with a cone-beam source is increasingly used in the clinical field. Mobile cone-beam CT (CBCT) has great merits; however, its clinical utility for brain imaging has been limited due to problems including scan time and image quality.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to develop a dedicated mobile volumetric CBCT for obtaining brain images, and to optimize the imaging protocol using a brain phantom.

METHODS: The mobile volumetric CBCT system was evaluated with regards to scan time and image quality, measured as signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR), spatial resolution (10% MTF), and effective dose. Brain images were obtained using a CT phantom.

RESULTS: The CT scan took 5.14 s at 360 projection views. SNR and CNR were 5.67 and 14.5 at 120 kV/10 mA. SNR and CNR values showed slight improvement as the x-ray voltage and current increased (p < 0.001). Effective dose and 10% MTF were 0.92 mSv and 360 μ m at 120 kV/10 mA. Various intracranial structures were clearly visible in the brain phantom images.

CONCLUSIONS: Using this CBCT under optimal imaging acquisition conditions, it is possible to obtain human brain images with low radiation dose, reproducible image quality, and fast scan time.
Characteristic X-ray absorptiometry applied to the assessment of tissue-engineered cartilage development
Authors: Misawa Masaki , Nitta Naotaka , Shirasaki Yoshio , Hayashi Kazuhiko , Kosaka Ryo , Hyodo Koji , Numano Tomokazu , Homma Kazuhiro , Kuribayashi Shota , Fujihara Yuko , Hoshi Kazuto
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND: Transmission and tomographic X-ray measurements are useful in assessing bone structures, but only a few studies have examined cartilage growth because of the poor contrast in conventional X-ray imaging.

OBJECTIVE: In this study, we attempted to use the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) as a metric of tissue-engineered cartilage development, which would be useful in high-throughput screening of cartilage products.

METHODS: Assuming that the LAC is related to the amount of extracellular matrix (ECM) in terms of the density and its atomic components, we measured X-ray absorption through tissue-engineered cartilage constructs. Characteristic X-ray beams from a molybdenum microfocus X-ray tube were employed to avoid beam hardening. The correlation of the LAC with mechanical properties was analyzed for verification.

RESULTS: The LAC was higher for chondrocyte constructs and lower for fibroblast-dominant constructs and was consistent with the quantification of toluidine blue staining, which is a proof of ECM production. The LAC was positively correlated with the bending modulus but negatively correlated with the dynamic elastic modulus and stiffness, possibly because of the remaining scaffold.

CONCLUSIONS: The LAC has the potential to be used as a metric of development of tissue-engineered cartilage. However, the calcified regions should be excluded from analysis to avoid decreasing the correlation between the LAC and the amount of ECM.
Diaphragmatic Breathing and Its Effectiveness for the Management of Motion Sickness
Authors: Stromberg Sarah E. , Russell Matthew E. , Carlson Charles R.
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND: Motion sickness is an unpleasant physiological state that may be controlled via nonpharmacological methods. Controlled breathing has been shown to maximize parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) tone and may have the ability to decrease motion sickness symptoms.METHODS:
The effects of slow diaphragmatic breathing (DB) in a motion sickness-inducing environment were examined within motion sickness susceptible individuals. Subjects (N = 43) were assigned randomly to either an experimental group trained in slow DB or a control group breathing naturally
at a normal pace. The experimental group was trained using a digital video that helped them pace their diaphragmatic breathing at six breaths/min. During the study, subjects viewed a virtual reality (VR) experience of a boat in rough seas for 10 min. Motion sickness ratings along with heart
rate and respiration rate were collected before, during, and after the VR experience.RESULTS: Results indicated that the experimental group was able to decrease their breathing to eight breaths/min during the VR experience. This breathing rate was significantly slower than those
in the control group. We found that DB subjects, compared to those in the control group, displayed significantly greater heart rate variability and reported feeling less motion sickness during exposure to the VR experience than those in the control group.DISCUSSION: Results indicate
possible benefits of using slow DB techniques in a motion sickness inducing environment.Stromberg SE, Russell ME, Carlson CR. Diaphragmatic breathing and its effectiveness for the management of motion sickness. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2015; 86(5):452–457.
Adult education research between field and rhizome - a bibliometrical analysis of conference programs of ESREA
Authors: Käpplinger Bernd
Published: July 2015

Adult education research is frequently an own subject of research. Such research is often focused on the analysis of journals. This paper will instead analyse triennial research conferences of the European Society for the Research on Adults (ESREA) between 1994 and 2013. The research was carried out mainly via a bibliometrical program analysis of conference papers. Results support previous findings in the analysis of adult education research, but a number of differences or blind spots of ESREA and adult education research in general will become visible.
Éléments sociaux et économiques de la vie des marchands génois à Anvers entre 1528 et 1555
Authors: Becker Colette
Published: July 2015

Anvers fut, au XVIe siècle, la capitale économique de l'Europe. Les rouages de son commerce étaient dans les mains de marchands étrangers dont l'apport en matière de techniques commerciales et financières n'est plus à démontrer. Parmi ces étrangers, les Génois constituaient le groupe de marchands italiens le plus important.

Établis aux Pays-Bas à partir de la fin du XIVe siècle, les Génois ne se profilèrent au premier plan de la vie économique anversoise qu'à partir du début du XVIe siècle pour des raisons tenant à la fois de la conjoncture économique générale et de circonstances politiques particulières. L'étude de leur insertion dans la société anversoise, de leur participation à la vie intellectuelle et religieuse d'Anvers ainsi que de leurs activités commerciales très diversifiées contribue à illustrer l'une des pages d'histoire économique européenne les plus intéressantes des Temps Modernes.
Une fête révolutionnaire provinciale et ses aménagements : la Fédération de Lille, le 6 juin 1790
Authors: Lesaffre-Ramette Odile
Published: July 2015

Het feest van de federatie van Rijsel, op 6 juni 1790, is een van de eerste en de meest belangrijke federaties van de provincie. Dit feest komt na weken van vermaak en heeft de verschillende kenmer- ken van het feest die voortkomen uit de traditie of met een nieuw sausje overgoten zijn voor het nieuwe regime. Bij dit feest zijn zowel de burgerlijke als militaire autoriteiten, de vertegenwoordi- gers van zowel de kerkelijke overheid als van het volk betrokken, in een pedagogisch perspectief. De hele stad werkt mee aan de stoet, die zijn eigen ruimte creëert en zijn eigen architectuur van tijde- lijke aard. Dit feest prefigureert de Parijse federatie van 14 Juli 1790, een cérémonie die aan het einde van het Ancien Régime staat en een nieuwe période opent van revolutionaire, opvoedkundige en symbolische feesten die beantwoorden aan andere politieke verwachtingen.
Quelques aspects du fonctionnement des hospices civils de Lille de 1793 à 1815
Authors: Gérard Alain
Published: July 2015

The analysis of two series of books was started in order to extract all possible data concerning the medical affairs dealt with in the civilian hospitals of Lille from 1793 to 1815 : i.e. the resolution records of the administrative commision and the minutes of the board of administrators'meetings.

The predominant concern of the administration is to reach a difficult budgetary balance which compels them to concentrate in a reduced nomber of buildings the totality of charitable institutions.

The working conditions and some aspects ot the medical activity can be analysed with sufficient precision thanks to the original documents. This concern with economy does not prevent the promotion of interesting achievements such as medical teaching, vaccination and the formation of competent mid-wives.
Sur le cimetière mérovingien de Saint-Roch à Valenciennes
Authors: Beaussart Philippe
Published: July 2015

La découverte du cimetière mérovingien de Saint-Roch s'inscrit dans le cadre géographique de la vallée de l'Escaut où les fouilles récentes ont mis en évidence l'existence de champs funéraires appartenant à des populations rurales ; elle se distingue par le fait qu'elle doit être rattachée à l'état embryonnaire du centre urbain que sera Valenciennes au ixe siècle. Il semblerait que ce soit l'activité fluviale qui ait fixé une population. Si l'agglomération de Famars, grâce à son castellum, a dû encore jouer un rôle administratif en tant que chef-lieu d'un pagus et lieu de résidence d'une aristocratie locale, il est clair que l'activité commerciale s'est établie peu à peu près du fleuve, donnant naissance à un noyau pré-urbain que l'on peut situer aux alentours « du Marché aux poissons » et du lieu-dit « Le Rivage » non loin du cimetière Saint-Roch. C'est là que fut bâtie la première église de Valenciennes, l'église Saint-Géry, dont la construction remonterait au VIIe siècle. C'est dans cette zone également que se situait le portus Valencianis dont le rôle commercial au IXe siècle fut maintes fois signalé.
Biodiversity comparison among phylogenetic diversity metrics and between three North American prairies
Authors: Kellar P. Roxanne (Steele) , Ahrendsen Dakota L. , Aust Shelly K. , Jones Amanda R. , Pires J. Chris
Published: July 2015

Protection of Earth's ecosystems requires identification of geographical areas of greatest biodiversity. Assessment of biodiversity begins with knowledge of the evolutionary histories of species in a geographic area. Multiple phylogenetic diversity (PD) metrics have been developed to describe biodiversity beyond species counts, but sufficient empirical studies, particularly at fine phylogenetic scales, have not been conducted to provide conservation planners with evidence for incorporating PD metrics into selection of priority regions. We review notable studies that are contributing to a growing database of empirical results, we report on the effect of using high‐throughput sequencing to estimate the phylogenies used to calculate PD metrics, and we discuss difficulties in selecting appropriate diversity indices. We focused on two of the most speciose angiosperm families in prairies—Asteraceae and Fabaceae—and compared 12 PD metrics and four traditional measures of biodiversity between three North American prairie sites. The varying results from the literature and from the current data reveal the wide range of applications of PD metrics and the necessity for many more empirical studies. The accumulation of results from further investigations will eventually lead to a scientific understanding upon which conservation planners can make informed decisions about where to apply limited preservation funds.
Transcriptome‐facilitated development of SNPs for the Sonoran Desert rock fig, Ficus petiolaris (Moraceae)
Authors: Davis Nicholas G. , Houston Derek D. , Nason John D.
Published: July 2015

Premise of the study:

Single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) primers were developed for a native North American desert fig, Ficus petiolaris (Moraceae), to provide markers for population genetic studies designed to quantify patterns of gene flow across a complex landscape.

Methods and Results:

Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic protocols were implemented to discover SNPs in single‐copy protein‐coding genes. Multiplexes of 30 nuclear and 24 organellar (chloroplast and mitochondrial) SNPs were selected for primer development and genotyping on the Sequenom MASSArray System. Of these 54 loci, 49 reliably amplified across a panel of 96 F. petiolaris individuals.

Conclusions:

This study has provided SNP primers that can be applied in future studies investigating population genetics of F. petiolaris and its coevolution with associated pollinating and nonpollinating fig wasps.
Current–voltage characteristics of manganite–titanite perovskite junctions
Authors: Ifland Benedikt , Peretzki Patrick , Kressdorf Birte , Saring Philipp , Kelling Andreas , Seibt Michael , Jooss Christian
Published: July 2015

After a general introduction into the Shockley theory of current voltage (J–V) characteristics of inorganic and organic semiconductor junctions of different bandwidth, we apply the Shockley theory-based, one diode model to a new type of perovskite junctions with polaronic charge carriers. In particular, we studied manganite–titanate p–n heterojunctions made of n-doped SrTi1−yNbyO3, y = 0.002 and p-doped Pr1−xCaxMnO3, x = 0.34 having a strongly correlated electron system. The diffusion length of the polaron carriers was analyzed by electron beam-induced current (EBIC) in a thin cross plane lamella of the junction. In the J–V characteristics, the polaronic nature of the charge carriers is exhibited mainly by the temperature dependence of the microscopic parameters, such as the hopping mobility of the series resistance and a colossal electro-resistance (CER) effect in the parallel resistance. We conclude that a modification of the Shockley equation incorporating voltage-dependent microscopic polaron parameters is required. Specifically, the voltage dependence of the reverse saturation current density is analyzed and interpreted as a voltage-dependent electron–polaron hole–polaron pair generation and separation at the interface.
Azobenzene-based inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase II
Authors: Runtsch Leander Simon , Barber David Michael , Mayer Peter , Groll Michael , Trauner Dirk , Broichhagen Johannes
Published: July 2015

Aryl sulfonamides are a widely used drug class for the inhibition of carbonic anhydrases. In the context of our program of photochromic pharmacophores we were interested in the exploration of azobenzene-containing sulfonamides to block the catalytic activity of human carbonic anhydrase II (hCAII). Herein, we report the synthesis and in vitro evaluation of a small library of nine photochromic sulfonamides towards hCAII. All molecules are azobenzene-4-sulfonamides, which are substituted by different functional groups in the 4´-position and were characterized by X-ray crystallography. We aimed to investigate the influence of electron-donating or electron-withdrawing substituents on the inhibitory constant Ki. With the aid of an hCAII crystal structure bound to one of the synthesized azobenzenes, we found that the electronic structure does not strongly affect inhibition. Taken together, all compounds are strong blockers of hCAII with Ki = 25–65 nM that are potentially photochromic and thus combine studies from chemical synthesis, crystallography and enzyme kinetics.
Agents, Instruments and Predication Theory
Authors: Richardson John F.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 305-315
Case Marking and Subjecthood in Kipeá Kirirí
Authors: Larsen Thomas W.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 189-205
Closed Syllable Adjustment and the Representation of Schwa in French
Authors: Tranel Bernard
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 65-75
How to Avoid Subordination
Authors: Mithun Marianne
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 493-509
Inner Islands
Authors: Ross Haj
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 258-265
Local Cohesion in Chinese and English: An Approach to Clause Combining
Authors: Cumming Susanna
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 465-471
On ECP Violations in Krio
Authors: Nylander Dudley K.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 248-257
Parallels Between Language Acquisition and Language Change: The Portuguese Future Subjunctive
Authors: De Macedo Alzira Tavares
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 324-337
Six Categories of Nasal Epenthesis: Their Place in the Evolution from Latin into Romance
Authors: Malkiel Yakov
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 27-46
Some Aspects of Word-Formation in a Polysynthetic Language
Authors: Jenkins Carolyn J.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 104-115
Some Problems of Agreement in English and Albanian
Authors: Morgan Jerry
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Tenth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1984), pp. 233-247
Explaining the Phoneme: Why (Some Of) Phonology Is Natural
Authors: Churma Donald G.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 25-38
Grammar and Memory
Authors: Banfield Ann
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 387-397
Indirect Object “Lowering”
Authors: Croft William
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 39-51
Information Flow in Seneca and English
Authors: Chafe Wallace
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 14-24
Prosodic Constraints and Processing Theory
Authors: Taft Lori
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 519-528
Syntactic Intrusions and The Notion of Grammatical Construction
Authors: Fillmore Charles J.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 73-86
The Category Structure of Kusaal
Authors: Ladusaw William A.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 196-206
The Description of Inversions in Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar
Authors: Green Georgia M.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1985), pp. 117-145
Argument Forms in Lexical Semantics
Authors: Lakoff George , Brugman Claudia
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 442-454
Is the Compositionality Principle a Semantic Universal?
Authors: Welsh Cynthia K.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 551-563
Metrical Structure in Wakashan Phonology
Authors: Wilson Stephen A.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 283-291
Non-Finite Clauses in Creoles
Authors: Eilfort William H.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 84-94
Observations on Reference Object Geometry in Emai Path Expressions
Authors: Schaefer Ronald P.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 485-496
On the Evolutionary Paths of Locative Expressions
Authors: Svorou Soteria
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 515-527
The General Case: Basic Form versus Default Form
Authors: Zwicky Arnold M.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 305-314
Topic, Contrast, Definiteness, and Word Order in Mandarin
Authors: Zubin David A. , Li Naicong
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1986), pp. 292-304
A Study of Communication Errors
Authors: Tõnisson Ivar J.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 303-307
Establishing Conversational Cooperation
Authors: Michaels Sarah , Reier David
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 178-191
Functional Correlates of Ergativity in Aguacatec
Authors: Larsen Thomas W.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 136-153
Grammatical Relations and Surface Cases in Turkish
Authors: Dede Müserref
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 40-49
On the Syntax and Semantics of Nominal Compounds in Yoruba Personal Names
Authors: Akinnaso F. Niyi
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 1-12
Question Strategies and Hierarchies of Grammatical Relations in Kinyarwanda
Authors: Maxwell Edith M.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 166-177
The Notion of Givenness and the Use of Pronouns and Ellipsis
Authors: Okamoto Shigeko
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 222-235
The Phonological Status of Downstep in Bakweri
Authors: Gensler Orin D.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 50-67
The Relationship of Meaning and Underlying Grammatical Relations: Evidence from Quechua
Authors: Hermon Gabriella
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 68-81
Topicalization, Focus-Movement, and Yiddish-Movement: A Pragmatic Differentiation
Authors: Prince Ellen F.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 249-264
Toward a Universal Semantics of Indirect Subject Constructions
Authors: Klaiman M. H.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Seventh Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1981), pp. 123-135
A History of Spanish Clitic Movement
Authors: Wanner Dieter
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1982)
Ar Journalioù, Ar Radio, hag An Tele: French Lexical Influences on Breton
Authors: Tim Lenora A.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1982)
Borrowing Semantic Space: Yiddish Verb Prefixes between Germanic and Slavic
Authors: Talmy Leonard
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1982)
Divergence and Apparent Convergence in the Development of Yet and Still
Authors: König Ekkehard , Closs Traugott Elizabeth
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1982)
Esselen Structural Prehistory
Authors: Shaul David L.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1982)
From Latin to Romanian Deviously
Authors: Hamp Eric P.
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1982)
Lexicographic Applications of Lexical Functions: Two Sample Lexical Entries from an Explanatory-Combinatorial Dictionary
Authors: Iordanskaja Lidija N. , Arbatchewsky-Jumarie Nadia
Published: July 2015

Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (1982)