bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TANGGUNG JAWAB PERUSAHAAN JASA PENERBANGAN TERHADAP KECELAKAAN PADA PENUMPANG BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2009 TENTANG PENERBANGAN
Authors: Puspandari Retno , , Tuhana
Published: February 2021

Abstract

This Article aims to determine corporate responsibility of aviation services in case of flight accidents to passengers known procedures of passengers in the filing of compensation benefits to aviation services company in Indonesia.Type of research used law normative research. Approach used legislation approach. Law material used primary law material and secondary law material. Primary law material includeLegislation and secondary law material such as all the publicity on the law.Based on results of research and discussion that based on Law Number 1 Year Of 2009 On Flight, aviation services company responsible to the passengers who were injured, disabled temporary/ permanent and died due to accidents. Huge amount of compensation stipulated in the Ministerial Regulation Number 77 Year Of 2011 On Responsibilities Freight of Air Transport. Passengers able to file a claim for damages to the aviation services company for losses suffered by passengers consequence occurrence of aviation accident to the aviation services company in accordance with procedures stipulated in Laws and Ministerial Regulations.

Keywords: Responsibility, Accidents, Passenger

Abstrak

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tanggung jawab perusahaan jasa penerbangan bila terjadi kecelakaan pesawat kepada para penumpang dan mengetahui prosedur penumpang dalam pengajuan ganti kerugian kepada perusahaan jasa penerbangan di Indonesia.Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penulisan hukum ini adalah penelitian normatif.Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan undang-undang.Bahan hukum yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah bahan hukum premier dan bahan hukum sekunder.Bahan hukum primer ini adalah perundang-undangan dan bahan hukum sekunder berupa semua publikasi tentang hukum.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan bahwa menurut Undang-Undang  Nomor 1 Tahun 2009 Tentang Penerbangan, perusahaan jasa penerbangan bertanggung jawab kepada penumpang yang luka-luka, cacat sementara/permanen dan meninggal dunia yang disebabkan karena terjadinya kecelakaan. Jumlah besar ganti kerugian diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Nomor 77 Tahun 2011 Tentang Tanggung Jawab Pengangkutan Angkutan Udara.Penumpang juga bisa mengajukan klaim ganti kerugian kepada perusahaan jasa penerbangan atas kerugian yang di derita oleh penumpang akibat terjadinya kecelakaan pesawat kepada perusahaan jasa penerbangan sesuai dengan prosedur yang telah diatur dalam undang-undang dan peraturan menteri.

Kata Kunci : tanggung jawab, kecelakaan, penumpang
KAJIAN YURIDIS SENGKETA KEABSAHAN LOGO SEBAGAI SEBUAH MEREK DAN HAK CIPTA
Authors: , Fandy Ahmad , , Djuwityastuti
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This Legal Writing examines the validity of the Logo as a brand and copyright as ownership of potentially
problematic logos in the future if the logo is listed as a Copyright by someone and there are others who
register it as a brand. This writing using the method of research normative or doctrinal which is prescriptive.
The results of this study is a Logo that has been used as a brand cannot be done Copyright Registration.
Keywords: Logo, Copyright Registration, Brand Registration

Abstrak
Penulisan  Hukum  ini  mengkaji  mengenai  keabsahan  Logo  sebagai  sebuah  merek  dan  hak  Cipta
sebagaimana Kepemilikan logo berpotensi bermasalah dikemudian hari apabila logo dicatatkan sebagai
Hak Cipta oleh seseorang dan ada orang lain yang mendaftarkannya sebagai merek. Penulisan ini
menggunakan metode penelitian Normatif atau doktrinal yang bersifat preskriptif. Hasil Penelitian ini
adalah Suatu Logo yang sudah digunakan sebagai merek tidak dapat dilakukan Pencatatan Hak Cipta.
Kata kunci : Logo, Pencatatan Hak Cipta, Pendaftaran Merek
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP YAYASAN YANG BELUM MENYESUAIKAN ANGGARAN DASAR BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 28 TAHUN 2004 TENTANG PERUBAHAN ATAS UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 16 TAHUN 2001 TENTANG YAYASAN
Authors: AL Hakim Dimas , Sulistiyono Adi
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article discusses the juridical review of the foundation that has not adjusted its articles of association by Law Number 28 of 2004 on amendments to Law No. 16 of 2001 on the Foundation. The provisions contained in Article 71 paragraph (1) of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2004 on Amendment to Law Number 16 Year 2001 regarding the Foundation, regarding the legal consequences of a foundation that does not adjust the Articles of Association with Law No. 28 of 2004 concerning Amendments to Law Number 16 of 2001 concerning the Foundation that the Foundation can no longer use the word “Foundation” in front of its name so that it is no longer a legal entity, and may be dissolved by a court verdict. The research methods are normative, prescriptive research, with legal approaches based on primary and secondary legal materials.

Keywords: Foundation; articles of association; removal of foundation status; dissolution of the foundation

Abstrak
Artikel ini membahas tentang tinjauan yuridis terhadap yayasan yang belum menyesuaikan anggaran dasarnya dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 tahun 2004 Tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2001 Tentang Yayasan. Ketentuan  yang  ada  dalam  Pasal 71 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 28 tahun 2004 Tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2001 Tentang Yayasan, mengenai akibat hukum suatu yayasan tidak menyesuaikan Anggaran Dasar dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2004 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 16 Tahun 2001 Tentang Yayasan yaitu Yayasan tersebut tidak lagi dapat menggunakan kata “Yayasan” didepan namanya sehingga bukan lagi menjadi suatu badan hukum, dan dapat dibubarkan berdasarkan putusan pengadilan. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode normatif, sifat penelitian preskriptif, dengan pendekatan undang-undang berdasarkan bahan hukum primer dan sekunder.

Kata kunci: Yayasan; penyesuaian anggaran dasar; penghilangan status yayasan; pembubaran yayasan
PROSEDUR PASAL 70 UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 30 TAHUN 1999 DALAM PEMBATALAN PUTUSAN ARBITRASE DI INDONESIA
Authors: Trihatmojo Nanda Bagus , Sulistiyono Adi
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This research aims to know the proceaa of cancellation of arbitration decision arranged in act of law number 30 of 1999. This reseacrh is normative legal research which is prescriptive. Technical analysis is deductive method. Law Number 30 of 1999 on Arbitration and Alternative Settlement Dispute stipulates the annulment of the arbitration award in Clause 70 stating that the parties may apply for reason for cancellation of decision is alleged to contain elements of falsifying letters or documents, or found documents hidden by the opponent, or the verdict derived from the results of the deception done by either party in the dispute. However, the practice of annulment of still suffers from uniformity and inconsistency, in particular with regard to the reasons for the cancellation of Clause 70 of Law Number 30 of 1999.
Keywords: Arbitration; Cancellation of Verdict; Reason for cancellation of Decision

Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses pembatalan putusan arbitrase yang diatur di dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 30 tahun 199. Dan penelitian ini penelitian hukum normatif  bersifat preskriptif dan menggunakan metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode deduktif. Undang -Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999 tentang Arbitrase dan Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa ini mengatur tentang pembatalan putusan arbitrase dalam Pasal 70 yang menyatakan bahwa para pihak dapat mengajukan permohonan pembatalan apabila putusan arbitrase tersebut diduga mengandung unsur-unsur pemalsuan surat atau dokumen, atau ditemukan dokumen yang disembunyikan oleh pihak lawan, atau putusan diambil dari hasil tipu muslihat yang dilakukan oleh salah satu pihak dalam pemeriksaan sengketa.Namun demikian, praktek pembatalan putusan arbitrase masih mengalami ketidakseragaman dan inkonsistensi, khususnya berkaitan dengan penggunaan alasan-alasan pembatalan dalam Pasal 70 Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 1999.
Kata Kunci : Arbitrase; Pembatalan Putusan; Alasan Pembatalan Putusan
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI KREDITUR TERHADAP OBJEK JAMINAN FIDUSIA YANG TIDAK DIDAFTARKAN PADA KANTOR PENDAFTARAN FIDUSIA (Studi di Kementerian Hukum dan HAM Kantor Wilayah DIY)
Authors: Carakata Sharen Peari , Budhisulistyawati Ambar
Published: February 2021

Abstract

This article aims to explain the law protection form given to the creditor toward the fiduciary guarantee object that is not registered to Fiduciary Registration Office. The researcher studies the protection form given to the creditor if the fiduciary deed is not registered to the Fiduciary Registration Office. This research is a descriptive empirical legal research. The approach of the research is qualitative approach which is a research method that produce analytical descriptive data. The data were collected through document analysis or library material, observation, and interview. The techniques for analyzing the data were qualitative method. The fiduciary object that is not registered to the Fiduciary Registration Office is a regular civil agreement where the law protection to the creditor is a common agreement that is limited to a law protection that does not have special rules or special rights that are written or does not have preference rights as stated in Fiduciary Guarantee Law if the fiduciary guarantee is registered to the Fiduciary Registration Office.

 

Keyword: Fiduciary guarantee; fiduciary registration; law protection.

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan mengenaibagaimana bentuk dari  perlindungan hukum bagi

kreditur terhadap objek jaminan fidusia yang tidak didaftarkan pada kantor pendaftaran fidusia. Dimana penulismengkaji bentuk dari pelindungan hukum bagi kreditur apabila akta jaminan fidusia tersebut tidak didaftarkan. Penelitian ini merupakanpenelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif.  Pendekatan yang dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, yang merupakan suatu tata cara penelitian yang menghasilkan data deskriptif-analitis.Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan studi dokumen atau bahan pustaka, pengamatan dan wawancara.Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif.Jaminan fidusia yang tidak didaftarkan pada Kantor Pendaftaran Fidusia merupakan sebuah perjanjian keperdataan biasa dimanaperlindungan hukum bagi kreditur merupakan perjanjian secara umum yaitu hanya sebatas perlindungan hukum yang  tidak memiliki peraturan atau hak-hak khusus yang dicantumkan ataupun tidak memiliki hak preferensi seperti yang tercantum didalam Undang-undang Jaminan Fidusia apabila jaminan fidusia tersebut didaftrarkan pada Kantor Pendaftaran Fidusia. 

 

Kata Kunci: Jaminan fidusia; pendaftaran fidusia; perlindungan hukum.
EKSISTENSI ARBITRASE ONLINE SEBAGAI MODEL PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA E-COMMERCE DI BEBERAPA NEGARA
Authors: Vikarin Keke Audia , Pujiyono '
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose of the article is to know about the existence of online arbitration as the model of the dispute resolution in Republic of India, Republic of China, and Netherlands. This research is a normative law research which is prescriptive. It used statute approach and comparative approach. The materials used in the research are primer law material and secondary law material by using library research as the data collection technique. In analyzing the law material, the researcher used the method of syllogism deduction to explain the general things to draw the specific conclusion. Based on the result and discussion, it can be concluded that even though India and China do not have the specific rules about Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) including online arbitration as well as Netherlands however; the online arbitration is able to be applied as the model of the dispute resolution since it does not violate the statutory regulations. In addition, the institution of online arbitration service provider has its own procedural regulations which have been adjusted to the laws that apply in the country.
Keywords: Online arbitration; ODR; E-commerce

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengenai bagaimana eksistensi arbitrase online sebagai model penyelesaian sengketa di Republik India, Republik Rakyat China, dan Belanda. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah mendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan perbandingan (comparative approach). Bahan yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini diperoleh dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum skunder dengan menggunakan teknik pengumpulan data berupa studi kepustakaan. Dalam menganalisis bahan hukum, digunakan cara silogisme deduksi menjelaskan suatu hal yang bersifat umum kemudian menariknya menjadi kesimpulan yang lebih khusus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan dapat disimpukan bahwa meskipun India dan China belum memiliki aturan khusus mengenai Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) termasuk arbitrase online seperti Belanda tetapi arbitrase online tetap dapat diterapkan sebagai model penyelesaian sengketa karena tidak menyalahi aturan perundang-undangan. Selain itu, lembaga penyedia layanan arbitrase online juga memiliki aturan prosedural sendiri yang telah disesuaikan dengan undang-undang yang berlaku di negaranya.
Kata Kunci: Arbitrase online; ODR; E-commerce
ASPEK HUKUM PEER TO PEER LENDING (Identifikasi Permasalahan Hukum dan Mekanisme Penyelesaian)
Authors: Novita Windy Sonya , Imanullah Moch. Najib
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article aims to describe and analyze the legal aspects of Peer to Peer Lending related to legal issues and settlement mechanism. This type of research is prescriptive normative legal research. This type of research is normative legal research that is prescriptive. The research approach used is vertical and horizontal synchronization level approach. The type of data used in this study is secondary data covering primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques used are by study of documents or library materials. Furthermore, the analysis technique used legal material analysis with teleological interpretation methods. Based on this research, the results show that the implementation of Peer to Peer Lending founds several problems including the risk of high interest so that many borrowers fail to pay and improper billing methods. Basically Financial Services Authority has regulated the preventation the risk of Peer to Peer Lending in several rules in Financial Service Authority Regulations Number 77/POJK.07/2016 and Financial Service Authority Regulations Number 18/POJK.07/2018 as guidelines for consumers regarding the complaints service mechanism and its resolution.
Keywords: peer to peer lending; risk; consumer complaints service

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis mengenai aspek hukum dalam Peer to Peer Lending berkaitan dengan permasalahan hukum yang timbul serta mekanisme penyelesaiannya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif yang bersifat preskriptif. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan taraf sinkronisasi vertikal dan horizontal. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data sekunder meliputi bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah dengan studi dokumen atau bahan pustaka. Selanjutnya teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan analisis bahan hukum dengan metode penafsiran teleologis. Berdasarkan penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa dalam pelaksanaannya Peer to Peer Lending menemukan beberapa permasalahan, diantaranya risiko tarif bunga yang tinggi  sehingga banyak Penerima Pinjaman yang gagal bayar dan cara-cara penagihan yang tidak patut. Pada  dasarnya OJK sudah mengatur mengenai pencegahan risiko P2P Lending dalam beberapa ketentuan yang terdapat dalam POJK Nomor 77/POJK.07/2016 dan POJK Nomor 18/POJK.07/2018 sebagai pedoman bagi konsumen mengenai mekanisme layanan pengaduan konsumen dan penyelesaiannya.
Kata Kunci: peer to peer lending; risiko; layanan pengaduan konsumen
PROBLEMATIKA PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP PARA PIHAK DALAM TRANSAKSI LAYANAN URUNAN DANA MELALUI PENAWARAN SAHAM BERBASIS TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI (EQUITY-BASED CROWDFUNDING)
Authors: Childnadi Widodo Viodi , Budi Kharisma Dona
Published: February 2021

Abstract
The purpose aims to find out the form of legal protection to the parties and the problematic that facing  by Financial Services Authority to provide effort of legal protection for the parties in the service of equity crowdfunding. This legal research is a descriptive empirical law research. The research location is  Financial Services Authority Surakarta. The research types and source of data include primary and  secondary data with using by a qualitative analysis technique. The results of this research explain the problematic that facing by Financial Services Authority to provide effort of legal protection in the service of equity crowdfunding which is divided into three factors that is : (a) legal substance, (b) legal structure, and (c) legal culture.
Keywords: Legal Protection; Problematic; Equity Crowdfunding

Abstrak
Penulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk perlindungan hukum kepada para pihak serta  problematika yang dihadapi oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dalam memberikan upaya perlindungan hukum kepada para pihak dalam layanan equity crowdfunding. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Otoritas Jasa Keuangan Surakarta. Jenis dan sumber data penelitian ini meliputi data primer dan data sekunder dengan menggunakan teknik analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini  menjelaskan problematika dalam memberikan upaya perlindungan hukum pada para pihak yang dihadapi oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan dalam layanan equity crowdfunding yang terbagi menjadi tiga faktor yaitu: (a) substansi hukum, (b) struktur hukum, dan (c) budaya hukum.
Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum; Problematika; Equity Crowdfunding
Penanganan TerhadaP Financial Technology Peer-To-Peer lending Ilegal MelaluI OTOrITas Jasa Keuangan (studi Pada OJK Jakarta Pusat)
Authors: Salvasani Alifia , Kholil Munawar
Published: February 2021

abstract
This article aims to examine the role of Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) in handling illegal peer-to-peer  (P2P)  financial  technology  (fintech)  in  Indonesia.  This  role  includes  the handling carried out by the FSA to minimize the number of illegal fintech in Indonesia, both through supervision and arrangements related to illegal fintech. This type of empirical legal research, is descriptive, with primary data types. Literature study and interview data collection techniques, qualitative analysis techniques. Factors causing the rise of illegal fintech are normative and non-normative factors. Then the role of the OJK in making efforts to handle illegal P2P lending includes establishing Satgas Waspada Investasi, listing registered P2P lending and licensed on the official OJK website, socializing to the public about the characteristics of illegal P2P lending that must be avoided and data of illegal P2P lending in Indonesia, closing illegal P2P lending, blocking applications and illegal P2P lending websites on a regular basis, conducting selective checks on P2P lending companies that  propose opening  new  accounts,  applying  special  rules  for  P2P  lending  companies related to the fintech payment system , and submit information reports to the Criminal Investigation Police regarding cyber crime.
Keywords: Otoritas Jasa Keuangan; Illegal Fintech; Peer-to-Peer

abstrak
Artikel  ini  bertujuan  untuk  mengkaji  peranan  Otoritas  Jasa  Keuangan  (OJK)  dalam menangani  financial technology (fintech) peer-to-peer (P2P) lending ilegal di Indonesia. Peranan tersebut  meliputi penanganan yang dilakukan OJK untuk meminimalisir jumlah fintech  ilegal  di  Indonesia,  baik  melalui  pengawasan  maupun  pengaturan  terkait  fintech ilegal. Jenis penelitian hukum empiris, bersifat deskriptif, dengan jenis data primer. Teknik pengumpulan data studi kepustakaan dan wawancara, teknik analisis kualitatif. Faktor penyebab tumbuh maraknya fintech ilegal adalah adanya faktor normatif dan non-normatif. Kemudian peranan OJK dalam melakukan upaya penanganan P2P lending ilegal antara lain dengan membentuk Satgas Waspada Investasi, mencantumkan daftar P2P lending yang terdaftar dan berizin di website resmi OJK, mensosialisasikan kepada masyarakat terkait ciri-ciri P2P lending ilegal yang harus dihindari dan data P2P lending ilegal di Indonesia, melakukan penutupan terhadap P2P lending ilegal, pemblokiran aplikasi dan website P2P lending ilegal secara  rutin, melakukan  pemeriksaan  secara selektif bagi perusahaan  P2P lending yang mengajukan pembukaan rekening baru, memberlakukan aturan khusus bagi perusahaan  P2P  lending  terkait  fintech  payment  system,  dan  menyampaikan  laporan informasi kepada Bareskrim Polri terkait tindakan cyber crime.
Kata Kunci: Otoritas Jasa Keuangan; Fintech Ilegal; Peer-to-Peer Lending
PENEGAKAN HUKUM PERSAINGAN USAHA DALAM PENERAPAN ALAT BUKTI TIDAK LANGSUNG (IndIrect evIdence) TERHADAP PRAKTIK KARTEL
Authors: Surya Pranata Dimas , Hadi Hernawan
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article aims to know the enforcement of business competition law in the implementation of indirect  evidence on cartel practices.This article belongs to legal principles and legal doctrines in order to answer the legal problems encountered who based focus read and study materials primary and secondary law. For law drafting to be able to produce arguments for new theories or concepts, it is a prescription for solving the problems of this legal research. The results of the research indicate that the enforcement of business competition law against cartel practices in Indonesia continues to face obstacles and has not been maximized. This indirect evidence can be used as a solution to the difficulty of proving the practice of cartels in business competition laws, provided that they are equipped with other evidence. Indirect evidence may be included in the category of evidence in Article 42 of Law No. 5 of 1999 on Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Unfair Competition.
Keywords: Law Enforcement; Indirect evidence; Cartel Practices

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penegakan hukum persaingan usaha terhadap penerapan alat  bukti tidak langsung (indirect evidence) terhadap praktik kartel. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian hukum doktrinal atau normatif yaitu suatu proses untuk menemukan aturan hukum, prinsip-prinsip hukum, maupun doktin-doktrin hukum guna menjawab isu hukum yang dihadapi yang dilakukan dengan cara meneliti bahan pustaka (library based) yang berfokus pada membaca dan mempelajari bahan-bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Sehingga penulisan hukum mampu menghasilkan argumentasi teori atau konsep baru sebagai preskripsi dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang terkait dalam penelitian hukum ini. Hasil Penelitian menyatakan penegakan hukum persaingan usaha terhadap praktik kartel di Indonesia masih menemui kendala dan belum maksimal. Alat bukti tidak langsung (indirect evidence) ini dapat dijadikan solusi atas sulitnya pembuktikan praktik kartel dalam hukum persaingan usaha, Alat bukti tidak langsung (indirect evidence) dapat dimasukkan dalam kategori alat bukti sebagaimana yang dimaksud dalam ketentuan Pasal 42 Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktik Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat.
Kata Kunci: Penegakan Hukum; Indirect evidence; Praktik Kartel
TANTANGAN DAN HAMBATAN HUBUNGAN KONTRAKTUAL ANTARA PERUSAHAAN KAWASAN INDUSTRI DAN PERUSAHAAN INDUSTRI (Studi Kasus Perjanjian antara PT JIEP dengan PT Yamaha Indonesia)
Authors: Yuniarto Yusuf , Budi Kharisma Dona
Published: February 2021

Abstract
This article aims to know the contractual relationship between PT JIEP and PT Yamaha Indonesia in the  perspective of the Book of Private Law Regulation and Government Regulation Number 142 of 2015 concerning Industrial Estates and challenges and obstacles faced by PT JIEP in carrying out contractual relationships. This research is a descriptive empirical law research. The research location is at PT JIEP. The research types and source of data include primary and secondary data. Methods for data collection are through depth interview and literature study. The technique analysis data is qualitative with interactive model analysis. The results of this research shows that the Challenges and obstacles faced by PT JIEP in conducting contractual relations is: (a) lack of the active role for PT JIEP in Industrial Relations Disputes; and (b) there is no clear action written in the agreement if there is delay in lease payment and deposit.
Keywords: Legal Contract; Industrial Area; Industrial Relation Dispute.

Abstrak
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kontraktual antara PT JIEP dan PT Yamaha Indonesia  ditinjau dalam perspektif KUHPerdata dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 142 Tahun 2015 tentang Kawasan Industri dan tantangan dan hambatan yang dihadapi oleh PT JIEP dalam menjalankan hubungan kontraktual. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum empiris yang bersifat deskriptif kualitatif. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di PT. Jakarta Industrial Estate Pulogadung. Jenis dan sumber data penelitian ini meliputi data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi lapangan dan studi kepustakaan. Teknik analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan Tantangan dan hambatan yang dihadapi oleh PT JIEP dalam melakukan hubungan kontraktual adalah: (a) kurangnya peran PT JIEP secara aktif dalam Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial; dan (b) tidak adanya tindakan yang jelas yang tertulis dalam perjanjian apabila terdapat keterlambatan pembayaran sewa dan deposit.
Kata Kunci: Kontrak; Kawasan Industri; Perselisihan Hubungan Industrial.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Rhode Island From a Statewide Random Sample
Authors: Chan Philip A. , King Ewa , Xu Yizhen , Goedel William , Lasher Leanne , Vargas Matt , Brindamour Ken , Huard Richard , Clyne Ailis , McDonald James , Bandy Utpala , Yokum David , Rogers Michelle L. , Chambers Laura , Napoleon Siena C. , Alexander-Scott Nicole , Hogan Joseph W.
Published: February 2021

Objectives. To characterize statewide seroprevalence and point prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Rhode Island.

Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional survey of randomly selected households across Rhode Island in May 2020. Antibody-based and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based tests for SARS-CoV-2 were offered. Hispanics/Latinos and African Americans/Blacks were oversampled to ensure adequate representation. Seroprevalence estimations accounted for test sensitivity and specificity and were compared according to age, race/ethnicity, gender, housing environment, and transportation mode.

Results. Overall, 1043 individuals from 554 households were tested (1032 antibody tests, 988 PCR tests). The estimated seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 2.1% (95% credible interval [CI] = 0.6, 4.1). Seroprevalence was 7.5% (95% CI = 1.3, 17.5) among Hispanics/Latinos, 3.8% (95% CI = 0.0, 15.0) among African Americans/Blacks, and 0.8% (95% CI = 0.0, 2.4) among non-Hispanic Whites. Overall PCR-based prevalence was 1.5% (95% CI = 0.5, 3.1).

Conclusions. Rhode Island had low seroprevalence relative to other settings, but seroprevalence was substantially higher among African Americans/Blacks and Hispanics/Latinos. Rhode Island sits along the highly populated northeast corridor, making our findings broadly relevant to this region of the country. Continued monitoring via population-based sampling is needed to quantify these impacts going forward.
Crowdfunding Campaigns and COVID-19 Misinformation
Authors: Snyder Jeremy , Zenone Marco , Caulfield Timothy
Published: February 2021

Objectives. To understand whether and how crowdfunding campaigns are a source of COVID-19–related misinformation.

Methods. We searched the GoFundMe crowdfunding platform using 172 terms associated with medical misinformation about COVID-19 prophylaxes and treatments. We screened resulting campaigns for those making statements about the ability of these searched-for or related terms to prevent or treat COVID-19.

Results. There were 208 campaigns worldwide that requested $21 475 568, raised $324 305 from 4367 donors, and were shared 24 158 times. The most discussed interventions were dietary supplements and purported immune system boosters (n = 231), followed by other forms of complementary and alternative medicine (n = 24), and unproven medical interventions (n = 15). Most (82.2%) of the campaigns made definitive efficacy claims.

Conclusions. Campaigners focused their efforts on dietary supplements and immune system boosters. Campaigns for purported COVID-19 treatments are particularly concerning, but purported prophylaxes could also distract from known effective preventative approaches. GoFundMe should join other online and social media platforms to actively restrict campaigns that spread misinformation about COVID-19 or seek to better inform campaigners about evidence-based prophylaxes and treatments.
Nourishing Underserved Populations Despite Scarcer Resources: Adaptations of an Urban Safety Net Hospital During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Weinstein Olivia , Donovan Kate , McCarthy Ashley C. , Hiralall Latchman , Allen Lindsay , Koh William , Apovian Caroline M.
Published: February 2021

A safety-net hospital in Boston, Massachusetts, made adaptations to its Nourishing Our Community Program to accommodate restrictions brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic to continue providing food and education to patients. While participation in programs decreased overall, some of the adaptations made, including virtual classes and food pantry home delivery, were well received and are planned to be maintained after the pandemic subsides. By making adjustments to operational procedures, the Nourishing Our Community Program continued to reach its underserved population despite pandemic challenges.
Sagebrush Soundscapes and the Effects of Gas-Field Sounds on Greater Sage-Grouse
Authors: Ambrose Skip , Florian Christine , Olnes Justin , MacDonald John , Hartman Therese
Published: February 2021

Greater Sage-Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) use elaborate acoustic and visual displays to attract and select mates, and females and chicks depend on acoustic communication during brood rearing. A potential threat to the grouse is sounds associated with human activity. During April, 2013–2020, we collected 17,825 hours of acoustic data in three different acoustic situations in the sagebrush of Wyoming: rural, undeveloped areas (6), at Greater Sage-Grouse leks in a natural-gas field (20), and near active machinery in that gas field (17). The average existing sound levels in undeveloped sagebrush areas were LAeq = 26 dB and LA50 = 20 dB, and the average background sound level was LA90 = 14 dB. These values are lower than previously reported, due in part to our use of more sensitive equipment as well as addressing the influence of the instruments’ electronic self-noise. LAeq and LA50 at leks in the gas field ranged from 25.5 to 33.7 dB and 20.5 to 31.3 dB, respectively, depending on the distance, number, and type of nearby activities. Sound levels at leks were correlated with trends in the number of grouse using the lek: the higher the sound level, the greater the likelihood of a decline. Thresholds above which declines occurred were LAeq = 31 dB and LA50 = 26 dB. Leks with LAeq > 31 dB and LA50 >26 dB, 100% and 91%, respectively, had declining trends. Our findings suggest that the current policy of limiting sound levels at leks to LA50 < 10 dB (or LAeq < 15 dB) over the background sound level is appropriate, if an accurate background level is used.
A Systematic Review of Enteral Feeding by Nasogastric Tube in Young People with Eating Disorders
Authors: Hindley Kristen , Fenton Clare , McIntosh Jennifer
Published: February 2021

BackgroundAdolescents with severe restrictive eating disorders often require enteral feeding to provide lifesaving treatment.Nasogastric feeding (NGF) is a method of enteral nutrition often used in inpatient settings to treat medical instability, to supplement minimal oral intake or to boost nutritional intake. This systematic review sets out to describe current practice for NGF. MethodsA systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted by searching AMED, EMBASE and MEDLINE databases from 2000-2020. Inclusion terms were: enteral feeding by nasogastric tube, under 18 years, eating disorders, and primary research. Exclusion terms: mental disorders other than eating disorders; non-primary research; no outcomes specific to NG feeding and over 18 years. Titles and abstracts were screened by all authors before reviewing full length articles. Quality assessment, including risk of bias, was conducted by all authors. Results29 studies met the full criteria. 86% of studies were deemed high or medium risk of bias due to the type of study: 34.4% retrospective cohort and 10.3% RCT; 17.2% were qualitative. Studies identified 1) a wide range of practices in different countries, settings, and the reason for initiation; 2) In the UK, standard practice is to introduce NGF if either oral intake is not met or patients are medically unstable; 3) NGF may enable greater initial weight gain due to increased caloric intake; 4) there are 3 main types of feeding regime: continuous, nocturnal and bolus; 5) high calorie feeds are not typically associated with increased risk of refeeding syndrome; 6) complications included nasal irritation, epistaxis, electrolyte disturbance, distress and tube removal; 7) length of stay in hospital is dependent on reason of initiating NGF; 8) psychiatric and medical wards differ in approach; 9) concurrent therapy is often used to facilitate NGF.ConclusionsNGF is currently often implemented in specialist settings where oral intake has been refused or insufficient, in hospital due to medical instability, nocturnally to supplement day-time oral intake, or continuously as standard protocol. Due to high risk of bias as a result of the nature of the studies conducted in adolescents with ED, recommendations for clinical practice cannot yet be justified.
Improvement and prediction of secondary metabolites production under yeast extract elicitation of Azadirachta indica cell suspension culture using response surface methodology
Authors: Farjaminezhad Reza , Garoosi ghasemali
Published: February 2021

Neem is the medicinal plant used as antimalarial, antibacterial, antiviral, insecticide, and antimicrobial. This study aimed to investigate and prediction the effect of yeast extract and sampling time on cell growth, secondary metabolites synthesis, SQS1 and MOF1 genes expression by response surface methodology. The highest fresh and dry cell weights were 580.25 g/L and 21.01 g/L obtained 6 days after using 100 mg/L yeast extract. The highest azadirachtin accumulation and production were 16.08 mg/g DW and 219.78 mg/L obtained 2 and 4 days after using 25 mg/L yeast extract. Maximum mevalonic acid accumulation and production were 1.75 mg/g DW and 23.77 mg/L observed 2 days after application of 50 mg/L yeast extract. The highest amount of squalene accumulation (0.22 mg/g DW) and production (4.53 mg/L) were achieved 4 days after using 50 mg/L yeast extract. Prediction results showed that the highest azadirachtin accumulation (13.61 mg/g DW) and production (190.50 mg/L), mevalonic acid accumulation (0.50 mg/g DW) and production (5.57 mg/L), and squalene accumulation (0.30 mg/g DW) obtained by using 245 mg/L yeast extract for 2 days, 71 mg/L yeast extract for 2 days, 200 mg/L yeast extract for 4.96 days, without yeast extract for 6.54 days and 4 days, respectively. Also, predicted that the highest squalene production is achieved by long-term exposure to high concentrations of yeast extract. The qRT-PCR analysis showed the maximum relative gene expression of SQS1 and MOF1 obtained by using 150 mg/L yeast extract for 4 days and 25 mg/L yeast extract for 2 days, respectively.
Sonicated Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameork-8 derived Nitrogen-doped hierarchical nanoporous carbon for efficient capture and reversible storage of radioiodine
Authors: Miensah Elvis , Chen Jiuyu , Gu Aotian , Wang Peng , Liu Ying , Gong Chunhui , Mao Ping , Chen Kai , Jiao Yan , Zhang Zongxiang , Yang Yi
Published: February 2021

Iodine plays a significant role in industry and in chemical processes within living organisms. However, radioiodine exposure possess threats such as thyroid cancer to humans, when they are released into the environment when using nuclear technology and through nuclear accidents. Its capture and storage is critical to safeguard industrial applications while preventing environmental leakages. Herein we report efficient radioiodine capture using a hierarchical nitrogen-doped, large surface area, nanoporous carbon derived from ultrasonication of ZIF-8. The carbon exhibited high adsorption capacity of 434 wt% gravimetrically and 1418 mgg− 1 in cyclohexane solution with fast kinetics and high recoverability. We deduced the high adsorption capacity to be due to the large surface area with micro and mesopores, presence of hydroxyl groups acting as electron donors and the presence of nitrogen, which interacts strongly with the electron-deficient iodine (I2). Moreover, the process best fits the pseudo-second-order and Freundlich models with multilinearity observed with Webber-Morris model. Because of its comparatively lower cost, large surface area, facile preparation, good regeneration and fast kinetics, the as-prepared porous carbon shows exceptional promise as radioiodine adsorbent.
Effusibacillus dendaii sp. nov. isolated from farm soil
Authors: Konishi Tomoyuki , Tamura Tomohiko , Tobita Toru , Sakai Saori , Matsuda Namio , Kawasaki Hisashi
Published: February 2021

Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming, thermophilic, acidophilic bacterium, designated strain skT53T, was isolated from farm soil in Tokyo, Japan. The strain grew aerobically at 37–55°C (optimum 50°C) and pH 4.0–6.0 (optimum 5.0). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the isolate was most closely related to the type strain of Effusibacillus consociatus (94.3% similarity). The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 48.22 mol%. MK-7 was the predominant respiratory quinone. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and C18:3ω6c. The results of phenotypic and chemotaxonomic, 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, and whole genome analyses support strain skT53T as representing a novel species of Effusibacillus dendaii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain skT53T (= NBRC 114101T = TBRC 11241T).
Simultaneous Removal of NO, SO2 and Hg0 with the WDRMRS
Authors: Deng Mingqiang , Xiao Zhengguo , Li Dengxin , Zhu Qiaoling , Chen Qin , Wu Sicheng
Published: February 2021

Micro-nanobubbles can spontaneously generate hydroxyl free radicals (*OH). Urea is a cheap reductant and can react with NOx species, and their products are nontoxic and harmless N2, CO2 and H2O. In this study, a Wet Direct Recycling Micro-nanobubble Flue Gas Multi-pollutants Removal System (WDRMRS) was developed for the simultaneous removal of NO, SO2 and Hg0. In this system, a micro-nanobubble generator (MNBG) was used to produce a micro-nanobubble gas-liquid dispersion system (MNBGLS) through recycling the urea solution from the reactor and the simulated flue gas composed of N2, NO, SO2 and Hg0. The MNBGLS, which has a large gas-liquid dispersion interface, was recycled continuously from the MNBG to the reactor, thus achieving cyclic absorption of various pollutants. All of the investigated parameters, including the initial pH and temperature of the absorbent as well as the concentrations of urea, NO and SO2 had significant effects on the NO removal efficiency but did not significantly affect the SO2 removal efficiency, whereas only the initial solution pH and NO concentration affected the Hg0 removal efficiency. The analysis results of the reaction mechanism showed that played a critical role in the removal of various pollutants. After the treatment by this system, the main removal products were HgO sediment, and which could be easily recycled.
Severe Droughts of 1876-1878 in North China and Possible Causes
Authors: Hao Zhixin , Bai Mengxin , Xiong Danyang , Liu Yang , Zheng Jingyun
Published: February 2021

Extreme drought of 1876–1878 occurred in most regions of Northern China after the industrial revolution which has led to a series of social impacts, including harvest failure, price inflation, and population immigration. Concurrently, most regions of Northern Hemisphere occurred extreme drought. Here, we used the reconstructed high-resolution hydroclimatic (PDSI/precipitation) datasets, investigated the seasonal-annual hydroclimatic spatial patterns and drought intensity with time evolution from 1876 to 1878 in North China. Furthermore, we selected combined Sea Surface Temperature (SST) modes with positive IOD/PDO and El Niño from the 1200-year control run simulations of HadCM3 to diagnose the causes of this severe drought. The extent and intensity of selected SST mode was similar with that in Pacific and Indian Ocean during the 1876–1878 from NOAA/ERSST dataset. The results showed that the large-scale drought of 1876–1878 was mainly driven by El Niño and positive PDO, while the effect of IOD was not significant. El Niño may trigger Circumglobal Teleconnection of Northern Hemisphere, and meridional disturbance of mid-latitude Rossby wave train changed the intensity of trough and ridge, and further blocked water vapor transportation.
Temporal nanofluidic confinements induce prebiotic condensation in water
Authors: Herrera A. Greiner de , Markert T. , Trixler F.
Published: February 2021

A long-standing, crucial problem in the research on the chemical evolution towards the origin of life is the so-called ‘water paradox’. It states that although water is essential to life, key chemical reactions such as the synthesis of RNA are inhibited by it. Current hypotheses addressing this paradox have low prebiotic plausibility when taking the conservative nature of evolution into account. Here, we report spontaneous abiotic RNA formation in aqueous environments. The synthesis is driven by nanofluidic phenomena that alter critical properties of water. Our findings provide a solution to the paradox in a multifaceted way: abiotic, temporal nanofluidic confinements allow prebiotic condensation reaction pathways in water under stable, moderate conditions, emerge in aqueous particle suspensions as a geologically ubiquitous and thus prebiotic highly plausible environment and are consistent with the principle that evolution builds on existing pathways, as living cells also work with temporal nanoconfined water.
Highly sensitive and selective sensing of H2S gas using precipitation and impregnation-made CuO/SnO2 thick films
Authors: Leangtanom Pimpan , Wisitsoraat Anurat , Jaruwongrangsee Kata , Chanlek Narong , Tuantranont Adisorn , Phanichphant Sukon , Kruefu Viruntachar
Published: February 2021

In this work, CuO-loaded tetragonal SnO2 nanoparticles (CuO/SnO2 NPs) were synthesized using precipitation/impregnation methods with varying Cu contents of 0–25 wt% and characterized for H2S detection. The material phase, morphology, chemical composition and specific surface area of NPs were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis. From gas-sensing data, the H2S responses of SnO2 NPs were greatly enhanced by CuO loading particularly at the optimal Cu content of 20 wt%. The 20 wt%CuO/SnO2 sensor showed an excellent response of 1.36⋅105 towards 10 ppm H2S and high H2S selectivity against H2, SO2, CH4 and C2H2 at a low optimum working temperature of 200°C. In addition, the sensor provided fast response and a low detection limit of less than 0.15 ppm. The CuO-SnO2 sensor could therefore be a potential candidate for H2S detection in environmental applications.
Oxytetracycline Degradation by Heat-Activated Peroxydisulfate and Peroxymonosulfate Oxidation: Optimization by Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Ulucan-Altuntas Kubra , Guvenc Senem Yazici , Can-Güven Emine , Ilhan Fatih , Varank Gamze
Published: February 2021

This study investigates the removal of oxytetracycline performed by persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) processes. For this purpose, response surface methodology was used to examine the effectiveness of PS and PMS processes under both alkaline and thermal conditions. The effect of four independent variables, which were selected as pH, PS/PMS concentration, temperature, and time, were analyzed in a wide range. The working pH was between pH 3–11 to compare acidic and alkaline conditions, and the temperature was selected between 30 and 90°C to evaluate the effect of thermal activation of sulfate radicals for both processes. According to the results of prepared Response Surface Methodology (RSM) models, all four independent variables were determined to be highly significant for both PS and PMS. Especially in the PMS process, the highest PMS concentration was observed to complete degradation of OTC. The conditions for the highest removal were pH 9 and PS/PMS concentration was approximately 4mM for both processes, while the temperature and required time were 72.9°C and 75°C, 26.5 min and 20 min, for PS and PMS processes, respectively. PS process has higher kinetic constants at all pH values than the PMS process.
Comparison of multiple diagnostic tests to measure dynamic hyperinflation in patients with severe emphysema treated with endobronchial coils
Authors: Dijk Marlies van , Hartman Jorine E. , Augustijn Sonja W.S. , Hacken Nick H.T. ten , Klooster Karin , Slebos Dirk-Jan
Published: February 2021

PurposeFor this study we aimed to compare dynamic hyperinflation measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET), a six-minute walking test (6MWT) and a manually paced tachypnea test (MPT) in patients with severe emphysema who were treated with endobronchial coils. Additionally, we investigated whether dynamic hyperinflation changed after treatment with endobronchial coils.MethodsDynamic hyperinflation was measured with CPET, 6-MWT and an MPT in 29 patients before and after coil treatment. ResultsThere was no significant change in dynamic hyperinflation after treatment with coils. Comparison of CPET and MPT showed a strong association (rho 0.660, p<0.001) and a moderate agreement (BA-plot, 202 ml difference in favor of MPT). There was only a moderate association of the 6-MWT with CPET (rho 0.361, p 0.024).ConclusionMPT can be a suitable alternative to CPET to measure dynamic hyperinflation in severe emphysema, but may overestimate dynamic hyperinflation possibly due to a higher breathing frequency.