bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Владимир Чернявский и Чёрное море. I. На берегах Крыма, Абхазии и Колхиды (1866–1875)
Authors: Русанов К. В.
Published: June 2016

Имя Владимира Чернявского историки называют в ряду исследователей фауны беспозвоночных Чёрного моря во второй половине XIX века. Однако о жизни русского зоолога до сих пор известно мало; лишь немногие из публикаций Чернявского находятся сегодня в научном обороте. Показано, что В. Чернявский ещё студентом активно участвовал в исследованиях фауны беспозвоночных Чёрного моря. Он был лично знаком со многими учёными, определявшими основные идеи и направления этих исследований. В 1866–1875 гг. В. Чернявский работал в Крыму и в Сухуме, собирая и обрабатывая материалы по ракообразным, губкам, червям и др. для последующих обобщений.
Poser les jalons d’une didactique de la grammaire du français en milieu minoritaire
Authors: Thibeault Joël , Larouche Louise
Published: June 2016

In light of the challenges related to teaching and learning French where it is a minority language, the authors of this paper suggest a way to rethink grammar teaching and learning according to the sociolinguistic reality of pupils who are schooled in French outside of Québec, in Canada. Based upon a theoretical framework that combines the didactic of plurilingualism and the current didactic transposition of grammar teaching in French schools across Canada, the article discusses the use of the analytical tools provided by the new grammar – the syntactic manipulations and the basic sentence – as well as the articulation of the different components of the French discipline in a didactic sequence, while constantly emphasizing the specificities that characterize students who learn French in a minority setting.

À la lumière des enjeux qui sont propres à l’enseignement et à l’apprentissage du français en situation de minorité linguistique, les auteurs proposent dans cet article une réflexion théorique et repensent la didactique de la grammaire en fonction de la réalité sociolinguistique dans laquelle évoluent les populations scolaires de langue française à l’extérieur du Québec, au Canada. À partir d’un cadre théorique composé de la didactique du plurilinguisme et de la transposition didactique actuelle en ce qui a trait à l’enseignement grammatical dans les écoles de langue française au Canada, ils abordent notamment l’utilisation des outils d’analyse qui sont offerts par la grammaire nouvelle – les manipulations syntaxiques et la phrase de base – et l’articulation des composantes de la discipline français au sein de séquences didactiques, et ce, en mettant l’accent sur les spécificités qui marquent les élèves scolarisés en français où cette langue est minoritaire. 
An Overview of Approaches to Insurance Data Analysis and Suggestions for Warranty Data Analysis
Authors: Luo Ming , Wu Shaomin
Published: June 2016

Background: Warranty shares similarities with insurance in many aspects. Research on insurance data analysis has attracted much more attention than on warranty data analysis.

Objective: This paper aims to provide a general comparison between warranty and insurance in terms of their coverages, policies and data collection.

Method: The paper reviews existing approaches to insurance data analysis with regard to modelling of claim frequency, modelling of claim size and policy pricing. Some recent patents relating to statistical models are also discussed.

Results: The paper concludes with suggestions for improving warranty data analysis.

Conclusion: Copulas are becoming more widely used in insurance data analysis than in warranty data analysis. The paper suggests some aspects in which copulas can be utilised in improving warranty data analysis.
Histochemical studies on male gametophyte of Adansonia digitata Linn. - An endangered species of Karnataka, India.
Authors: Negalur Chaitra B.
Published: June 2016

The distribution of proteins in the developing anthers of Adansonia digitata Linn. was investigated. The results indicate that the possible importance of histochemical substances which are present in the tapetum and meiocytes and their derivatives in pollen formation has been correlated. The proteins and their metabolism seems to be essential for the development of fertile pollen. The anthers are tetrasporangiate. The development of anther wall follows the basic type, the epidermis, endothecium, 2-3 middle wall layers and tapetum. The tapetum is bilayered and glandular with multinucleate structure shows rich content of proteins at all stages of its development. At early meiotic of the anther development the meiocytes are rich in total proteins. The cytokinesis is of simultaneous type which results in the formation of tetrahedral tetrads. At subsequent stages of meiosis, the concentration of protein in the meiocytes reduces. The early microspores the quantity of proteins decline and subsequently at pollen grain stage, proteins gradually increase and persists in the mature pollen. The present work seems to be is first contribution to the knowledge of protein composition in the developing anther of Adansonia digitata Linn.
Studies on the impact of commonly used herbicides on beneficial soil microbes in Terai tea plantation, West Bengal, India
Authors: Sarkar Satyajit , Kabir S. E.
Published: June 2016

The harmful effect of commonly used herbicides on the beneficial soil microbes in Terai tea plantation was investigated. It was found that almost all the herbicides had adverse effect on the population of beneficial microbes. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid was found to be most damaging herbicide.
Phytochemical investigation on various parts of Psidium guajava
Authors: Joseph* Lincy , George Mathew , Singh Gurcharan , Mathews Prabha
Published: June 2016

The objective of the study was to perform phytochemical screening of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of leaves, seeds and fruit pulp of Psidium guajava, to isolate the active principles by column chromatography and to characterize the isolated compound by chemical tests and IR spectroscopy. The phytochemical investigation was performed to identify the presence of glycosides, flavanoids, alkaloids, saponins, vitamin, tannins, carbohydrate, amino acid, steroid in the extracts, which showed phytoconstituents in various proportions in aqueous and alcoholic extracts of seeds, fruit pulp and leaves of Psidium guajava. Leaf extract showed the presence of maximum number of phytoconstituents and alcoholic fruit pulp extract showed minimum constituents.  Alcoholic seed extracts were subjected to column chromatography and qualitative chemical test and IR spectroscopy of the isolated compound showed that the compound may be a steroidal glycoside or the compound has a steroidal nucleus with a lactone ring.
Isolation and characterization of native Azospirillium isolates from normal soils grown rice areas of Chhattisgarh
Authors: Kashyap* Neha , Gupta S. B. , Chowdhary Tapas
Published: June 2016

Sixty soil samples were collected from normal soils of Rice growing areas during year 2014-2015 from various blocks of Raipur district of Chattisgarh for isolation of Azospirillium. In this study 60 Azospirillium isolates were obtained and were characterized on the basis of Gram’s staining, starch hydrolysis, catalase test, urease test, gelatin liquefaction, growth performance in terms of intensity of blue colour produced in N-free malate broth, indole acetic acid (IAA) production and N-fixation capacity. Local Azospirillium isolate AZP-R03 was found most effective native Nitrogen fixing bacteria for Rice with a great potential for its use as nitrogen fixing bacterial fertilizer especially for Rice crop under agroclimatic conditions of Chattisgarh.
Physicochemical, phytochemical and antibacterial studies of few medicinal plants of Visakhapatnam region against bacterial clinical isolates
Authors: Uddandapu* Phani Kumari , Naidu K. Chandrasekhara , Rao Y. Venkateswar
Published: June 2016

The present study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical and preliminary phytochemical studies, antimicrobial studies on sixteen medicinal plants collected in and around regions of Visakhapatnam district using methanol as a solvent. Phytochemical screening revealed that methanolic extracts, contained, steroids, alkaloids, phenol, flavonoids, polyphenols and glycosides. The physicochemical parameters like ash and extractive values were determined. The highest percentage of total ash, was found in Catharanathus roseus. The extractive values can be used as a reliable aid for detecting quality of drug adulteration. Antimicrobial efficiency of studies plants was tested against four bacterial clinical pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus vulgaris. The diameter of zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured and it was found that C. roseus showed maximum zone of inhibition against gram+ve S. aureus and minimum zone of inhibition against gram–ve E. coli. Also the zone of inhibition was increased on increasing concentration. Results observed in the present study help to distinguish the plant extracts from its adulterants and quality and it may be indicative of the methanol extracts of studied plants could be a possible source to obtain new and effective herbal medicines to treat infections, which justify the ethnic uses of C. roseus against various infectious diseases apart from its anticancer properties.
Assessment of water quality in the river gomati at Jaunpur (U.P.), India.
Authors: Singh Veer Pratap , Singh A. K. , Vanshi Raghu , Singh* Prashant , Singh Santosh Kumar , Singh Ajoy Kumar
Published: June 2016

The river Gomati is popularly known as "Aadi-Ganga". Gomati River is an important tributary of river Ganga and perennial river of Awadh plains. The river Gomati originates from Gomat Taal near Madhoganj Tanda village in Pilibhit district (U.P.), run across the major part of U.P. covering nine districts of Shahjahanpur, Lakhimpurkheri, Hardoi, Sitapur, Lucknow, Barabanki, Sultanpur, Jaunpur and ultimately merges in Ganga river, near Saidpur Kaithi in Varanasi. The world is facing problems with a wide variety of pollutants both inorganic and organic in nature. Healthy soil, clean water and air are the soul of life. Often soil, water and air are no longer clean and pure, but pose human health risks. The river Gomati receives huge quantities of untreated sewage agricultural runoff, brings a lot of pesticides, fertilizer, street washouts bringing oil, asphalt, sediment and many types of heavy metals. From industrial effluents to domestic discharge, the river becomes more of a flowing dumping yard. The physico-chemical parameters in water of river Gomati were assessed to know about the water quality in its catchment area. Total of four sampling sites were selected between Gokul ghat upstream and Ramghat downstream. Physico-chemical parameters like pH, Temperature, Total dissolved solid (TDS), Total suspended solid (TSS), Hardness, Dissolved oxygen (DO), Nitrate, Nitrite, Chloride, Total Coliforms and some heavy metals were determined. Changes in water quality of river Gomati due to variations in quantity of parameters were found. Heavy metals mainly Copper, Iron, Zinc, Lead, Arsenic, Cadmium and Nickel were noticed.
Glochidion zeylanicum var. arborescens (Phyllanthaceae): A new distributional record for South India.
Authors: J.* Swamy , S. Nagaraju , K. Chandramohan , M. Sankara Rao
Published: June 2016

Glochidion zeylanicum var. arborescens (Blume) Chakrab. & M. Gangop. (Phyllanthaceae), a native of Southeast Asia, which was hitherto recorded from Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Northeast India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Mizoram) and Odisha, is reported for the first time from the Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve of Andhra Pradesh. Detailed description and photo plate are provided for easy identification.
Study the effects of various growth regulator and crop architecture on Valeriana jatamansi - Crop raised through seed: valuable medicinal herb of Eastern Himalaya range
Authors: Mukherjee Dhiman
Published: June 2016

An experiment was carried out during the year of 2010 - 2013 at Algarah farmer field (1740 m asl), under the aegis of Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, to evaluate the effect of different growth hormone on seed germination of jatamansi, and assess the effect of date of transplanting and plant geometry on its economic and biomass production under the mid hill condition of West Bengal. An experiment was with various growth regulators on Valeriana jatamansi revealed that maximum seed germination was observed with KNO3 (0.2%) (70.00±1.10), and significantly superior to rest of the hormonal treatments except Kinetin 200 ppm. This recorded 124 % more seed germination over the control. GA3 200 ppm took least time to start germination and was at par with Kinetin 200 ppm and KNO3 (0.2%) treated seed. Transplanting of seedling during the first week of July gave significant response on fresh aerial biomass (g/plant) at 6 months only. However, plant spacing gave significant response all the stage of observation, and maximum aerial biomass was recorded with spacing of 30 x 45 cm, and was at par with 30 x 30 cm plant spacing. Maximum underground biomass was recorded with July transplanting with 30 x 45 cm. Maximum underground rhizome biomass was recorded with 30 x 45 cm spacing, and was at par with 30 x 30 cm spacing at 9 and 18-month stage of observation. Root biomass failed to produce any significant response with time of transplanting. However, maximum root biomass was recorded with July transplanting. More root growth was recorded with 30 x 45 cm and was at par with 30 x 30 cm spacing during 15 and 18-month observation.
Allelopathic effects of weed extracts on germination of wheat
Authors: Joshi* Nitesh , Joshi Ambika
Published: June 2016

Effect of various aqueous extracts of weed plants, Hyptis sauveolens (L.), Ricinus communis (L.), Alternanthera sessilis (L.), Ipomoea carnea (Jacq), Malachra capitata (L.) and Cymbopogon citrutus (Stapf), on seed germination, of Triticum aestivum L. var k9 were studied. Extracts of1%, 2%, 3% & 5% concentrations of weed extracts were prepared. the seeds of Triticum aestivum L. var k9 were germinated in petridishes. Final germination percentage, weight of germinated seeds and their corresponding radicle and coleoptile length was recorded at the end of 7 days along with total chlorophyll and total proteins. Seedling vigor index was calculated (SVI) using the formula percent germination× by average radical length. A control was maintained by watering the seeds with water. Statistical analysis was done to compare the mean values using T Test. There was a significant reduction in all the parameters at high concentrations of the weed extracts in all the plant species under the study. The tolerance level of allelopathic activities of various weed extractsin terms of seed vigor index represented as Cymbopogon strictus>Ipomoea carnea>Hyptis saveolens >Malachracapitata> Ricinus communis> Alternanthera sessilis. All the weed extracts studied had a marked effect on all the parameters studied, suggesting sever allelopathic effects on seed germination of Wheat
A preliminary survey of the herbaceous flora of the Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden (AJCBIBG), Howrah, W.B., India.
Authors: S. Hameed S. , S.P.* Panda , M.U. Sharief , P.V. Sreekumar , H.S. Mahapatra , A. Pramanik
Published: June 2016

The Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden (AJCBIBG) previously known as Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, is a historic old garden. This botanic garden has a special position among all the botanic gardens that the world having. In earlier time this garden witnessed as the centre of plant introduction. Till then AJCBIBG served as a centre for ex-situ conservation of many RET species collected from different parts of the globe. The rich and diverse floristic wealth of this garden makes it unique and very special. AJCBIBG is a living repository of 1377 species of plants (excluding herbs). The garden abode a rich herbaceous flora due to its congenial climate. However, records on the herbaceous plants dwelling in AJCBIBG are very scanty. Taking this into account the present study aimed at enlisting the herbaceous flora of the garden. A checklist of plants belonging to various families has been provided in this communication.
Growth inhibition by bio chemicals present in coffee extract on seedling growth in light and dark with reference to Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek (mung bean).
Authors: Gaur Bhavana
Published: June 2016

With a view to promote crop growth, seedling growth has been studied in vitro Biochemical effect of Coffee extract has been observed on seedling growth in Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek Various concentrations of coffee extract (Coffea arabica) were tested on seedling growth of Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek. Growth inhibition was observed.
Studies on conservation of vertebrate diversity of phulbani forest of odisha.
Authors: Misra B. , Panda R. P.
Published: June 2016

The most common wild animals observed during the field study were 17 species of fishes, 13 species of Amphibians, 23 species of reptiles, 26 species of birds and 35 species of mammals. Endangered and vulnerable species of Pisces, Amphibians, Reptilians and Mammals have been marked. Deforestation, shifting cultivation, forest fires, grazing, tribal hunting, biotic interference, natural calamities, hemp plant cultivation by tribals, stone collection and firewood business most often cause environmental crisis upholding the signs of stress in Phulbani Forest. The current rate deterioration demands conservation strategies by in-situ and ex-situ conservation.
Phytoceuticals in aniseeds: a practical approach for isolation and identification
Authors: I. Shobha R. , B. Andallu
Published: June 2016

Nature has provided mankind with a broad and structurally diverse array of pharmacologically active chemical compounds, phytoceuticals, which have proved to be indispensable for the cure of chronic diseases or as lead structures for novel therapeutic agents. Almost, 70% of modern medicines in India have been developed from plants used in the traditional system of medicine. With the technological advances and the development of more sophisticated isolation and analytical techniques, there is great scope for further systematic research to screen and isolate many more phytoceuticals which might be more effective/as effective as synthetic drugs and thereby assess their potential in protecting against chronic diseases. The present investigation is aimed at isolation and identification of phytoceuticals in a spice, aniseed (Pimpinella anisum L), therapeutically less-exploited and widely used only for culinary purpose, using analytical techniques viz. column chromatography, high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC.) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Among all the solvent fractions of methanolic extract tested, methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fraction possessed highest amounts of bioactive compounds viz. phenolics, flavonoids, flavonols which was confirmed by qualitative, quantitative and HPTLC. analyses. Spectral analysis using NMR. of one of the sub-fractions of aniseeds obtained by column chromatography, revealed the presence of a glycosylated flavone, luteolin-6C-glucoside in aniseeds.  The present study revealed aniseeds to be a great source of bioactive phytoceuticals which can be novel candidates for development of new therapeutic agents.
Researching novel variants involved in Alzheimer’s disease via next generation sequencing variant analysis on RNA sequence data files
Authors: R. Bhagwat , J. Joshi B. , S. Chaudhary , A.* Pardeshi T. , N. Mujawar S. , S. Talware S. , S. Chakraborty S. , V. Kandale V.
Published: June 2016

Previous and current research studies have been reporting or refuting susceptibility genes which have any minor or major genetic significance to Alzheimer disease. In our study we have obtained datasets from R. N. A. sequencing analysis performed on post-mortem brain tissues of clinically diagnosed Alzheimer’s male patients above the age of 80. The samples included in our study are grouped into three datasets as frontal brain, temporal brain and whole brain. Our sole purpose of the study was to decipher new S. N. PS if any and report any unreported or untested S. N. Ps related to genes. We have performed mRNA sequencing analysis with the help of Next Generation Sequencing GALAXY tool available online. In addition, we have utilized Integrated Genome Browser (IGB) to visualize our results. P. E. RL Programming algorithm was generated and NCBI’s dbSNP (Database of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) and Clin V.A. R (Clinical Variation) databases helped to obtain rsids and related information for galaxy analyses results. Our study is reporting and/or confirming pathogenicity of P. R. N. P, A. P. O. E, CST3, TUBB2B and F. T. L in the AD brain tissues. A growing study of PRNP gene has indicated a strong genetic association with AD yet more research with a bigger sample size in different populations will be of certain significance. Further research is needed for studying the TUBB2B gene due to its uncertain significance in the earlier research in Alzheimer’s. F. T. L is a recent gene which has been linked to A. D and future research in AD should be conducted targeting this specific gene.
Association of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha and Interleukin-6 Gene Polymorphisms with Preeclampsia
Authors: Puppala* Madhavi , Kalpana V. Lakshmi , A Anuradha , Sushma M. , Sudhakar G. , Polipalli Sunil Kumar
Published: June 2016

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome that may be dangerous especially to the fetus. Different cytokines have been found to be elevated in women with preeclampsia and may have possible roles in the development of this disorder. Alleles of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) genes are associated with preeclampsia in several studies in different populations. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationship between IL-6 (G174C) and TNF-α (G-308A) gene polymorphisms with preeclampsia in North Coastal Andhra Pradesh of India. The TNFA (-308 A/G) and IL6 (-674G/C) genotypes were determined in 100 preeclamptic women and 100 normal pregnant women as control group, using allele-specific oligonucleotides-polymerase chain reaction method. Data was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. TNF-α (G-308A) G/G genotype showed a significantly higher frequency among the preeclamptic group than the control group (odds ratio, 0.4603, 95% confidence interval, (0.2521- 0.8405); P = .005). G/A genotype also showed higher frequency among the preeclamptic group compared to control group (odds ratio, 2.508, 95% confidence interval, ((1.341-4.689); P = .001). IL-6 (G174C) genotype significantly higher frequency among the preeclamptic group than the control group (odds ratio, 0.4603, 95% confidence interval, (0.2521- 0.8405); P = .005).  The present study might suggest a role for TNF-α (G-308A) and -174 GC of IL-6 genotype in the development of preeclampsia; suggesting that they are of differing genetic predisposition/pathophysiology.
Trimodulatory effects of asoka extracts along with cisplatin and hyperthermia against sarcoma - 180 tumour bearing mice.
Authors: D.* Varghese C. , Santhosh Neenu A , V Hridhya M. , C Nair S. , R Panikkar K.
Published: June 2016

Cisplatin is the most active anticancer agents and have broad clinical application. Saraca asoca, one of the most important medicinal plants has showed potential antitumour activity and chemoprotective effects on toxicities induced by cisplatin. Purification and chemical analysis of the active compound from the bark and flower extracts of Asoka was done and observed that the plant have chemoprotective activity. The effect of administration of extracts of Saraca asoca flower and bark were studied in sarcoma-180 tumour bearing mice. Hyperthermia has been shown to enhance the antitumour activity of Chemotherapeutic drugs. So from the above observation, it is clear that the use of Ashoka extracts along with cisplatin and hyperthermia can enhance the antitumour activity. This trimodality treatment schedule with the Ashoka bark and flower extracts, hyperthermia and cisplatin significantly inhibited the growth of subcutaneously transplanted Sarcoma-180 solid tumours in mice.
Aptamer and its role in diagnostics
Authors: Parashar Abhishek
Published: June 2016

Aptamers are new class of recognizing agents which are being used in diagnostics and therapeutics. They are single strand DNA or RNA molecules and are selected against targets by systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method. This method was developed in 1990 by Turk and Gold. These days high through put version of SELEX is being used for quick selection of aptamer, working on same principle that was developed in 1990. It is believed that in near future aptamers could replace monoclonal antibody. The biggest advantage of using aptamers is that the process is in vitro in nature and does not require the use of animals; further properties of aptamers are comparable or even better than antibodies. Aptamers based sensors can be used for detection of toxic chemicals, pathogens, antibiotics etc. Although they are in the preliminary stages of development, results are encouraging and it seems that aptamer research has a very bright future.
Seroprevalence of leptospirosis in Chennai city, India.
Authors: J.* Padma Kumari , T. Sheila Doris , K. Usha Krishnan
Published: June 2016

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease, it occurs worldwide but is most common in tropical and subtropical countries. The magnitude of the problem varies from community to community. The serovars which cause the disease in a community change with adaptation to a new maintenance host and is epidemiologically important. Aims and Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of leptospirosis in Chennai city. To identify the prevalent serovar in Chennai causing leptospirosis by using gold standard test Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). Methods: 1209 patients from Chennai, with fever of one-week duration and with signs and symptoms of Leptospirosis were the study population and were screened for Leptospirosis by Macroscopic Slide Agglutination Test (MSAT). The positive samples by MSAT were tested for the prevalent serovar and for confirmation by MAT and the results were analyzed statistically. Result: The seroprevalence of Leptospirosis is 17.8%. The prevalent serovar circulating in Chennai is L. grippotyphosa. Conclusion: Laboratory diagnosis is essential to confirm the current illness, and for epidemiological and public health reasons, namely to determine which serovar caused the infection, the likely source of infection and the potential reservoir and its location. This helps in control strategies.
Ethnomedicinal plants used in the treatment of skin diseases by the tribals of topchanchi wild life sanctuary area Dhanbad, Jharkhand, India.
Authors: S Anamika , Kumar* Kamini
Published: June 2016

Topchanchi Wild Life Sanctuary, Dhanbad is less studied and investigated, as this area is far from town. Ethnic and non-ethnic communities of this area are using medicinal plant for the treatment of many ailments. An ethnomedicinal plant survey was conducted among vaidyas of this area. A list of plants was prepared which they use for skin diseases. A total of 12 plants of various species were documented in curing various types of skin diseases like eczema, cellulites, swellings and sores.
Rare case of hereditary aplastic anemia [Fanconis anemia]
Authors: Agarkhedkar S. R. , Pande Vineeta , Kuchi* Sandeep , Sunkoj Yojana , Raghavaiah P. V.
Published: June 2016

Fanconi anaemia is rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by pancytopenia, varied phenotypic abnormalities, hyperpigmentation and developmental delay1. It is diagnosed by Mitomycin C sensitive chromosomal fragility test of blood lymphocytes2. We are reporting a rare case of Fanconi anaemia in a 12-year-old child. She has grossly hyperpigmentation over face, tongue, neck, intertriginous area upper and lower limb. Elder sister also had hyperpigmentation all over the body. Peripheral smear revealed macrocytic hypochromic anaemia with few ovalocytes, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia with elevated red blood cell mean corpuscular volume. Fanconi anaemia was diagnosed by doing Mitomycin c stress cytogenetic test for Fanconis anaemia. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only curative therapy for the hematologic abnormalities in fanconi anaemia3.
Relative Frequency of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in Tissue Samples of Women with Breast Cancer in Sanandaj, Iran.
Authors: Karimi Maryam , Hosseini* Seyedeh Zeinab , Nikkhoo Bahram , Mohammadi Farid Soleimani-
Published: June 2016

Despite the researchers’ efforts, the cause and development of breast cancer is still incompletely understood. Currently, in some reports, human cytomegalovirus has been referred as a risk factor for breast cancer. This study aimed to determine relative frequency of cytomegalovirus in tissue samples of women with breast cancer in Sanandaj County. In this study, to determine the relative frequency of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) 50 formalin-fixed tissues of breast cancer, which all were invasive ductal carcinoma, were studied using the nested-polymerase chain reaction. In 26 cases of breast cancer tissues (26/50), human cytomegalovirus was detected. Seventeen cases of breast cancer tissues were in a moderately differentiated stage, and nine cases had poor-differentiated stage tissues that were positive for viral DNA. At older ages (>45 years) the prevalence rate of human cytomegalovirus DNA was higher, but no significant association was seen (p=0.16). In general, due to the high prevalence of the DNA of human cytomegalovirus (58%), in this study it is assumed that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has a contributing role in breast cancer; although more study is required to clearly define its part in this type of cancer.
Associated microflora of medicinal ferns: biotechnological potentials and possible applications
Authors: Srivastava Shubhi , A. K. Paul
Published: June 2016

Plant associated microorganisms that colonize the upper and internal tissues of roots, stems, leaves and flowers of healthy plants without causing any visible harmful or negative effect on their host. Diversity of microbes have been extensively studied in a wide variety of vascular plants and shown to promote plant establishment, growth and development and impart resistance against pathogenic infections. Ferns and their associated microbes have also attracted the attention of the scientific communities as sources of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. The ferns and fern alleles, which are well adapted to diverse environmental conditions, produce various secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenols, triterpenoid compounds, variety of amino acids and fatty acids along with some unique metabolites as adaptive features and are traditionally used for human health and medicine. In this review attention has been focused to prepare a comprehensive account of ethnomedicinal properties of some common ferns and fern alleles. Association of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere and endosphere of these medicinally important ferns and their interaction with the host plant has been emphasized keeping in view their possible biotechnological potentials and applications. The processes of host-microbe interaction leading to establishment and colonization of endophytes are less-well characterized in comparison to rhizospheric and phyllospheric microflora. However, the endophytes are possessing same characteristics as rhizospheric and phyllospheric to stimulate the in vivo synthesis as well as in vitro production of secondary metabolites with a wide range of biological activities such as plant growth promotion by production of phytohormones, siderophores, fixation of nitrogen, and phosphate solubilization. Synthesis of pharmaceutically important products such as anticancer compounds, antioxidants, antimicrobials, antiviral substances and hydrolytic enzymes could be some of the promising areas of research and commercial exploitation.
RNA interference targeting ETS-1 downregulates RRM2 and enhances gemcitabine sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells
Authors: Khanna* Amit , E. Vikram Reddy
Published: June 2016

Aberrant expression of the Ets-1 transcription factor is increasingly associated with the progression of several human cancers. Previously we reported Ets-1 over-expression in gemcitabine resistance pancreatic cancer cell lines. In the present study, we identified Ribonucleotide reductase–M2 subunit, a key enzyme involved in the DNA synthesis is elevated in gemcitabine-resistant PANC1 cells. Silencing of Ets-1 expression in resistant cell line diminishes the Ribonucleotide reductase–M2 expression. The RAS/ERK pathway is commonly activated in carcinomas and promotes oncogenesis by altering transcriptional programs. Ets-1 silencing abrogates the expression of Ribonucleotide reductase–M2 levels in parental cells treated with epidermal growth factor to further activate the RAS/ERK pathway. Our findings clearly demonstrate the involvement of RAS/ERK-mediated Ets-1 pathway in the development of gemcitabine resistance by over-expressing Ribonucleotide reductase–M2.
Bioanalytical method development and validation of simultaneous analysis of telmisartan and hydrochlorthiazide in human plasma using LC-MS/MS
Authors: George* Mathew , Joseph Lincy , Jain Arpit Kumar , V. Anju
Published: June 2016

A simple, sensitive, rapid and economic high performance thin layer chromatographic method and a mass spectroscopic assay method has been developed for the quantification of telmisartan and hydrochlorthiazide combination in human plasma. The internal standards and analytes were extracted from human plasma by solid-phase extraction with HLB Oasis1cc (30mg) catridges. The scanning and optimization for the samples are done using methanol: water (50:50). The samples were chromatographed using reverse phase chromatography with C-18 column of different manufacturers like Ascentis C18 (150×4. 6, 5µ) using the buffer system Acetonitrile: Buffer (80:20%v/v) which consist of 2±0. 1Mm ammonium format at a flow rate of 0. 7ml/min at a column oven temperature 35±10c. The internal standard used was hydrochlorthiazide13c1, d2 and telmisartand3. The extraction techniques include conditioning, loading, washing and elution, drying followed by reconstitution of the dried samples. The volume injected was 10µl with the retention time of 3-4 min for telmisartan, 1-2 min for hydrochlorthiazide and for the internal standards the retention time was 3-4 min for telmisartand3 and 1-2 min for hydrochlorthiazide c13d2. The rinsing solution was Acetonitrile: HPLC grade water in the ratio (50:50). The above developed method was validated using various parameters like selectivity and sensitivity, accuracy and precision, matrix effects, % recovery and various stability studies. The method was proved to be sensitive, accurate, precise and reproducible. The preparation showed high recovery for the quantitative determination of telmisartan and hydrochlorthiazide in human plasma.
Studies on serum nitric oxide levels in subjects with high bilirubin value in comparison of normal healthy control subjects
Authors: Kumar* Ramesh , Jain Ritika
Published: June 2016

Bilirubin is excreted in bile and urine, and elevated levels may indicate certain diseases. Serum bilirubin are inversely related to risk of certain heart diseases. Since nitric oxide (NO) is produced by three types of Nitric Oxide Synthases (NOSs), rapid changes in stable oxidized metabolites (nitrite and nitrate) in the tissues and blood should be represented by the amount of stable forms in serum and may reflect changes in the body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between nitric oxide (nitrite & nitrate) production and bilirubin levels in serum. The serum samples were collected from individuals with high levels of bilirubin and normal range controls. Nitrite was measured by a Griess reaction while nitrate was measured using the enzymatic one step assay with nitrate reductase. The total 36 samples (18 normal range (N) and 18 high bilirubin values (H)) were evaluated for the NO levels. The age group varies from 4-70 & 5-65 for normal & high levels of bilirubin, respectively. The levels of bilirubin in the normal range & high values varies from 0.81-0.98 (mean=0.88+0.01) & 1.12-20.18 (mean=5.96+2.07), respectively. When the nitrite (14.48+1.05μM versus 13.96+0.96μM, P>0.05) and nitrate (25.85+2.04μM versus 25.85+1.53μM, P>0.05) levels were compared between these groups no significant differences were observed. Results of this study reveal that there is no correlation between nitric oxide production and the serum bilirubin levels.
Prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms among school going children
Authors: Apte* Sundari , Bhattacharjee Tapati
Published: June 2016

Psychosomatic symptoms are the physical symptoms that are exhibited by the child or exacerbated by psychological factors; the underlying cause may be stressors in the environment that may be of emotional or social origin. The main objectives of the study is to assess the prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms among school going children in the age group of 6 to 10 Yrs and to find an association between the psychosomatic symptoms and selected background variables A non-experimental explorative descriptive research design was used. The 100 subject were selected by Non- probability convenient sampling technique from selected homes of community areas of western Pune. Modified Rutter’s scale B was used for the psychosomatic symptoms. Maximum students (76%) showed symptoms of irritability and one percent of subject had constipation, soiling of clothes, hearing and vision problems. The mean value was 5.42 and the standard deviation was 2.226. On association of psycho somatic symptoms with selected demographic variables, significant relation was seen with the education of parents with p-value 0.015. Correlation between the psychosomatic symptoms and its coping strategies showed a correlation (0.48) using Kruskal Wallis H test. Based on these findings an instructional sheet was prepared for the parents, which mainly dealt with the concept of spending valuable time with children.
Using primary care electronic health record data for comparative effectiveness research: experience of data quality assessment and preprocessing in The Netherlands
Authors: Huang Yunyu , Voorham Jaco , Haaijer-Ruskamp Flora M
Published: June 2016

Aim:
Details of data quality and how quality issues were solved have not been reported in published comparative effectiveness studies using electronic health record data.
Methods:
We developed a conceptual framework of data quality assessment and preprocessing and apply it to a study comparing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors with angiotensin receptor blockerss on renal function decline in diabetes patients.
Results:
The framework establishes a line of thought to identify and act on data issues. The core concept is to evaluate whether data are fit-for-use for research tasks. Possible quality problems are listed through specific signal detections, and verified whether they are true problems. Optimal solutions are selected for the identified problems.
Conclusion:
This framework can be used in observational studies to improve validity of results.
Comparable effects of exercise and analgesics for pain secondary to knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis of trials included in Cochrane systematic reviews
Authors: Henriksen Marius , Hansen Julie B , Klokker Louise , Bliddal Henning , Christensen Robin
Published: June 2016

Aim:
Evidence of comparative effectiveness of different treatment approaches is important for clinical decision-making, yet absent for most recommended treatments of knee osteoarthritis pain. The objective of this study was to estimate the comparative effectiveness of exercise versus orally administered analgesics for pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
Methods:
The Cochrane Database of systematic reviews was searched for meta-analyses of randomized controlled studies comparing exercise or analgesics with a control group (placebo or usual care) and with pain as an outcome. Individual study estimates were identified and effect sizes were calculated from group differences. We combined study-level effects on pain with a random effects meta-analysis and compared effect sizes between exercise trials and trials with analgesic interventions.
Results:
We included six Cochrane reviews (four pharmacology, two exercise). From these, 54 trials were eligible (20 pharmacology, 34 exercise), with 9806 participants (5627 pharmacology, 4179 exercise). The pooled effect size of pharmacological pain interventions was 0.41 (95% CI: 0.23–0.59) and for exercise 0.46 standardized mean difference (95% CI: 0.34–0.59). There was no statistically significant difference between the two types of intervention (difference: 0.06 standardized mean difference [95% CI: -0.28–0.16; p = 0.61]).
Conclusion:
This meta-epidemiological study provides indirect evidence that for knee osteoarthritis pain, the effects from exercise and from oral analgesics are comparable. These results may support shared decision-making where a patient for some reason is unable to exercise or who consider exercise as unviable and analgesics as a more feasible choice.

PROSPERO registration:
CRD42013006924
Consumer Response and Their Level of Satisfaction towards Nepalese Coffee
Authors: Karki Yogendra Kumar , Regmi Punya Prasad
Published: June 2016

Coffee is important beverages of Nepalese farming society having export potentiality for its unique characteristics as majority of coffee are grown in different microclimates with organic in nature. Production of coffee and its plantation area is in increasing trend every year. In the same situation individuals taste is changing towards coffee than other beverages and are forced to buy from different countries to meet the demand of coffee neglecting quality of Nepalese coffee. There is important role of different actors in coffee value chain and consumers play important role as they decide on the value of coffee serving after various step of processing. This study was done in Kathmandu and Lalitpur districts of Nepal to know the preferences and satisfaction level of coffee consumers. Majority of the consumers were satisfied with foreign coffee and they prefer foreign coffee mostly due to high price of Nepalese coffee and also due to lack of awareness on Nepalese coffee. Foreign peoples were found to prefer foreign coffee in comparison to Nepalese coffee (χ²= 23.02***) and generally drink three cup per day (χ²= 13.67***) while Nepalese consumer drink two cup of coffee per day on an average. The survey showed that high market price for Nepalese coffee is major reason for less consumption of Nepalese coffee.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 213-216
Parasitic Infections among Children of Squatter Community in Dharan Municipality, Sunsari, Nepal
Authors: Chongbang R. , Dongol P. , Chakrawarti A. , Khanal H.
Published: June 2016

Background and Objective: Children of squatter community are more prone to many infections and epidemiological studies provide to develop suitable preventive plans. Thus, the main objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of parasitic infections among children of Squatter Community of Dharan Municipality.Methodology: Altogether 184 stool samples were collected from June 2014 to January 2015. The samples were examined using direct microscopy by saline wet mount technique in the microbiology laboratory of Sunsari Technical College, Dharan.Results: The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was found to be 41.4% with male children more infected (45.8%) than female children (37.5%). Children between 4-8 years of age were most infected (48.1%). Among 4 species of parasites detected Ascaris lumbricoides (18.1%) was the commonest helminths and Giardia lamblia (74.02%) was the commonest protozoa. Positive rate was higher in Dalits (59.7%, 43/72) and the least in Tibeto-Burman (27.1%, 22/81) (p<0.05) ethnic groups.52.5% of children not using water and 33.6% of children using bucket water at toilet after defecation were infected. Children using soap for hand washing after defecation were less infected (32.02%) than other children (55.1%). Children taking the anti-parasitic drug in last six months had significantly low positive rate (9.3%) than others (51.7%) (p<0.05).Conclusion: High prevalence of parasitic infection was observed among children in Squatter community of Dharan Municipality. Thus, health education along with infection management actions and the awareness programs for sanitation improvements are required to reduce the parasitosis.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 203-206
Phytochemical Screening and Mineral Composition of the Leaves of Ocimum gratissimum (Scent Leaf)
Authors: Alexander Priscilla
Published: June 2016

The leaves of Ocimum gratissimum having some ethno-medicinal applications were investigated. The phytochemicals screening of the leaves using Standard Methods and further analysis with HPLC revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, phlobatanins, terpenoids, steroids and cardiac glycosides. The elemental analysis was carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The result revealed the presence of Na (0.311±0.049), Ca (0.138 ±0.111), Mg (1.712 ± 0.537), K (0.261± 0.077), Mn (0.457±0.107, Pb (0.005 ± 0.002), Zn (0.200 ±0.06), Cu (0.803±0.818), N (0.286± 0.052), and Fe (0.312 ± 0.067).  Cd and Cr were not detected in the samples. This investigation suggested that Ocimum gratissimum leaves are rich in phytochemical constituents which contributed to its medicinal uses. The leaves of Ocimum gratissimum can be said to contain some components of medical value since the chemical components elaborated by it are active principles (alkaloid, steroids and glycosides). Ocimum gratissimum also contain most of the essentials elements indicating its nutritive values and less toxic as Cd and Cr were not detected in the leaf.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 161-165
Foraging Behavior of Native Honeybee (Apis Cerana F.) and European Honeybee (Apis Mellifera L.) on Flowers of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum Esculentum M.) in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Aryal L.N. , Thapa R.B. , Tiwari S. , Chaudhary N.K.
Published: June 2016

This paper is the findings of the research conducted on foraging behavior of Native honeybee (Apis cerana F.) and European honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) on flowering buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) inside the cage during November 2012 to 2013 at Meghauli, Chitwan, Nepal.  Apis cerana F. started their foraging activities early in the morning (8.24 ± 0.50 AM) and ceased late in the evening (5.18 ± 0.20 PM) in comparison to Apis mellifera L., which started foraging at 8.29 ± 0.50 AM and ceased at 4.56 ± 0.50 PM. The total duration of foraging per day was more in Apis cerana F. than Apis mellifera L., i.e. 8.34 ± 0.90 hours per day in Apis cerana F. and 8.25 ± 0.90 hours per day in Apis mellifera L. That means A. cerana F. was 1.8% more efficient on foraging duration than A. mellifera L. Similarly, the number of Apis cerana F. and Apis mellifera L. entering into the hive in five minutes was the highest (51.69 ± 0.45 in Apis cerana F., and 62.81 ± 0.45 in Apis mellifera L.) at 12 Noon while lowest (11.24 ± 0.11 in Apis cerana F., and 5.89 ± 0.11 in Apis mellifera L.) at 5 PM and no activity was started at 8 AM. Likewise, the number of Apis cerana F. and Apis mellifera L. bees outgoing from the hive in five minutes was the highest (42.67 ± 0.98 in Apis cerana F. and 48.71 ± 0.98 in Apis mellifera L.) at 12 Noon and the lowest (4.31 ± 0.07 in Apis cerana F. and 2.39 ± 0.07 in Apis mellifera L.) at 5 PM. The number of buckwheat flower visited by Apis cerana F. was highest at 10 AM while by Apis mellifera L. it was highest at 12 Noon. But, for both species of honeybees it was lowest at 4 PM. There was more time spent by Apis mellifera L. (2.37 seconds) per flower than Apis cerana F. (1.95 seconds) during floral visit. So, Apis cerana F is efficient in foraging and hence in pollination on buckwheat than Apis mellifera L suggesting buckwheat cultivation along with bee farming especially Apis cerana F.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(2): 236-239