bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of subcutaneous esketamine on blood pressure and heart rate in treatment-resistant depression
Authors: Del Sant Lorena Catarina , Sarin Luciana Maria , Magalhães Eduardo Jorge Muniz , Lucchese Ana Cecília , Tuena Marco Aurélio , Nakahira Carolina , Fava Victor Augusto Rodovalho , Delfino Rodrigo , Surjan Juliana , Steiglich Matheus Souza , Barbosa Matheus , Abdo Guilherme , Cohrs Frederico Molina , Liberatori Aroldo , Del Porto José Alberto , Lacerda Acioly Luiz Tavares , de Jesus Mari Jair
Published: July 2020

Introduction and objectives:

The impact of multiple subcutaneous (s.c.) esketamine injections on the blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) of patients with unipolar and bipolar treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the cardiovascular safety of multiple s.c. doses of esketamine in patients with TRD.

Methods:

Seventy TRD patients received 394 weekly s.c. esketamine injections in conjunction with oral antidepressant therapy for up to six weeks. Weekly esketamine doses were 0.5, 0.75 or 1.0 mg/kg according to each patient’s response to treatment. Participants were monitored before each treatment and every 15 minutes thereafter for 120 minutes. We assessed systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and HR measurements for the entire treatment course.

Results:

BP increased after the first s.c. esketamine injection, reaching maximum mean SBP/DBP levels of 4.87/5.54 mmHg within 30–45 minutes. At the end of monitoring, 120 minutes post dose, vital signs returned to pretreatment levels. We did not detect significant differences in BP between doses of 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/kg esketamine. Mean HR did not differ significantly between doses or before and after s.c. esketamine injection.

Conclusions:

The BP changes observed with repeated s.c. esketamine injections were mild and well tolerated for doses up to 1 mg/kg. The s.c. route is a simple and safe method of esketamine administration, even for patients with clinical comorbidities, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. However, 14/70 patients experienced treatment-emergent transient hypertension (SBP >180 mmHg and/or a DBP >110 mmHg). Therefore, we strongly recommend monitoring BP for 90 minutes after esketamine dosing. Since s.c. esketamine is cheap, requires less frequent dosing (once a week), and is a simpler procedure compared to intravenous infusions, it might have an impact on public health.
Attenuation of stress-induced behavioral changes by activation of serotonin type 7 receptors in the median raphe nucleus of rats
Authors: Lazarini-Lopes Willian , Corsi-Zuelli Fabiana , Padovan Cláudia M
Published: July 2020

Background:

Exposure to stressful aversive situations induces physiological and behavioral changes. Serotonin has been suggested to mediate such changes, as well as adaptation to stressful events. Serotoninergic projections arising from the median raphe nucleus to the dorsal hippocampus have been suggested to promote adaptation to chronic aversive stimuli. Such pathway may involve serotonin type 1a receptor-mediated neurotransmission. However, the serotonin 7 receptor can also be found in the median raphe nucleus and may be involved in mechanisms underlying response to stress.

Aims:

In this work we sought to investigate if activation of serotonin type 7 receptors would attenuate stress-induced deficits in different animal models of depression.

Methods:

Male Wistar rats with a guide-cannula aimed to the median raphe nucleus were submitted to restraint or forced swim stress and were tested in an elevated plus maze or forced swim test, respectively, 24 h later. SB 258741 (serotonin type 7 receptor antagonist) and/or LP 44 (serotonin type 7 receptor agonist) were administered intra-median raphe nucleus immediately before or after exposure to stress or before test. Control groups received intra-median raphe nucleus treatment 24 h or immediately before test in the elevated plus maze or forced swim test.

Results:

LP 44 attenuated restraint-induced exploratory deficits independently of the moment it was administered. Similar results were observed in the forced swim test, with the exception on post-stress condition. These effects on adaptation to stress induced by serotonin type 7 receptor activation were prevented by previous treatment with SB 258741.

Conclusions:

Our data support the idea that activation of median raphe nucleus serotonin 7 receptor is important to the development of adaptation to stress.
How Do Organizational Capabilities Sustain Continuous Innovation in a Public Setting?
Authors: Trivellato Benedetta , Martini Mattia , Cavenago Dario
Published: July 2020

Just as private organizations rely on dynamic capabilities to sustain their innovative capacity and competitive advantage, the public sector may resort to them to improve its ability to address citizens’ needs. But how do innovation and organizational capabilities interact in a public setting? This analysis of the Congestion Charge Zone implemented by the Municipality of Milan in Italy explores this issue, and highlights the role played by interorganizational and cross-sector collaborative innovation. Results show that multi-actor engagement within a multilevel collaborative environment enhances the system’s ability to understand the problems to be addressed, to create and implement appropriate solutions, and to foster ownership of the innovation. They confirm that sharing knowledge and engaging in interorganizational learning are central to the development of innovation; however, they also highlight that these dynamics strengthen collective capabilities at the organizational and system’s level, thereby producing a reinforcing effect on innovative capacities at both levels. Based on these findings, a framework for continuous public innovation through collaboration is proposed which, first, provides a tool for mapping the factors and dynamics that shape collaborative innovation in a public setting and, second, explains how the process of collaborative innovation fosters organizational dynamic capabilities that, in turn, sustain the organizations’ capacity to innovate in the longer run.
Frequentist and Bayesian Approaches for Understanding Route Choice of Drivers under Stop-and-Go Traffic
Authors: Saxena Neeraj , Wang Ruiyang , Dixit Vinayak V. , Waller S. Travis
Published: July 2020

Driving in congested traffic is a nuisance that not only results in longer travel times, but also triggers frustration and impatience among drivers. A few studies have modeled the effects of congested traffic in the resulting route choice behavior of car drivers. The studies used frequentist models such as discrete choice models to analyze large samples. However, these studies did not compare the inferences obtained from the frequentist and Bayesian approaches, particularly for datasets which are not sufficiently large. It has been shown by researchers that Bayesian models perform well, especially when the sample size is small. Thus, this paper develops and compares a multinomial logit (frequentist) and a Naïve Bayes (Bayesian) model on a mid-sized dataset of size around 100 participants which was obtained from a driving simulator experiment to understand driver’s route choice under stop-and-go traffic. The results show that the prediction power of the Naïve Bayes model is much higher than the multinomial logit model (MNL). The Naïve Bayes model is also found to perform better than machine learning algorithms like the decision tree model. The findings from this study will be useful to researchers and practitioners as they should test both the approaches and select the appropriate model, particularly in the case of seemingly large datasets.
K-Prototypes Segmentation Analysis on Large-Scale Ridesourcing Trip Data
Authors: Soria Jason , Chen Ying , Stathopoulos Amanda
Published: July 2020

Shared mobility-on-demand services are expanding rapidly in cities around the world. As a prominent example, app-based ridesourcing is becoming an integral part of many urban transportation ecosystems. Despite the centrality, limited public availability of detailed temporal and spatial data on ridesourcing trips has limited research on how new services interact with traditional mobility options and how they affect travel in cities. Improving data-sharing agreements are opening unprecedented opportunities for research in this area. This study examined emerging patterns of mobility using recently released City of Chicago public ridesourcing data. The detailed spatio-temporal ridesourcing data were matched with weather, transit, and taxi data to gain a deeper understanding of ridesourcing’s role in Chicago’s mobility system. The goal was to investigate the systematic variations in patronage of ridehailing. K-prototypes was utilized to detect user segments owing to its ability to accept mixed variable data types. An extension of the K-means algorithm, its output was a classification of the data into several clusters called prototypes. Six ridesourcing prototypes were identified and discussed based on significant differences in relation to adverse weather conditions, competition with alternative modes, location and timing of use, and tendency for ridesplitting. The paper discusses the implications of the identified clusters related to affordability, equity, and competition with transit.
Automated Train Identification and Train Position Monitoring at New York City Transit
Authors: Lehmann Shay , Reddy Alla , Samsundar Chan , Huynh Tuan
Published: July 2020

Like any legacy subway system that first opened in the early 1900s, the New York City subway system operates using technology that dates from many different eras. Although some of this technology may be outdated, efforts to modernize are often hindered by budgetary limits, competing priorities, and managing the tradeoff between short-term service disruptions and long-term service improvements. At New York City Transit (NYCT), the locations of all trains on all lines are not visible to any one person in any one place and, for much of the system, train locations can only be seen at field towers for the handful of interlockings in its operational jurisdiction as result of the legacy signal system, which may come as a surprise to many daily commuters or personnel at newer metros. In 2019, developers at NYCT gained full access to the legacy signal system’s underlying track circuit occupancy data and developed an algorithm to automatically track trains and match these data with schedules and manual dispatchers’ logs in real time. This data-driven solution enables real-time train identification and tracking long before a full system modernization could be completed. This information is being provided to select personnel as part of a pilot program via several different tools with the aim of improving service management and reporting.
Clean construction and demolition waste material cycles through optimised pre-demolition waste audit documentation: A review on building material assessment tools
Authors: Rašković Melanie , Ragossnig Arne M , Kondracki Krzysztof , Ragossnig-Angst Michaela
Published: July 2020

Waste from the construction sector poses huge challenges for sustainable waste management. This is not only due to the vast amount of waste produced in construction and demolition activities, but also due to pollutants potentially contained in these products. Subject to these conditions, waste management must ensure recovery of as many resources as possible, while making sure to keep material loops clean. This demanding task requires more knowledge about the existing building stock and an adaptation of current demolition processes. Innovative technologies, such as Building Information Modelling, or modern frameworks, such as Geographic Information Systems, offer a high potential to synoptically provide stock material information for future demolition activities for individual objects to be deconstructed as well as for whole cities as a basis for managing the anthropogenic stock and potential urban mining. Suitable methods of data collection allow for acquiring the desired input for the generation of building stock models enriched with demolition-related information. With the latter, selective deconstruction strategies as well as appropriate waste stream routing agendas can be planned and executed, thereby securing safety at work during the demolition process itself and a waste stream routing according to the waste hierarchy. This review article gives an overview of currently deployed building material assessment tools (data capture and visualisation), both a prerequisite for improved information on materials and geometry (and thereby mass/volume). In addition, this article describes workflows employable for the purpose of urban mining in end-of-life buildings, of which one holistic approach will be described in depth.
Innovation processes for ageing-related health technologies
Authors: Koch Melissa , Stolee Paul , MacNeil Maggie , Elliott Jacobi , Morita Plinio , Kuspinar Ayse , Juzwishin Don
Published: July 2020

Innovative technologies offer potential benefits for the health and care needs of an ageing population, but the processes by which these innovations are developed and implemented are not well understood. As part of a Canadian research network focused on ageing and technology, we explored how technologies currently being developed to support older adults and their caregivers fare through the processes of innovation. We conducted a multiple case study focused on development of four technology products. Interviews were conducted with project members (n = 8) during site visits to the locations of the four cases, as well as with other key informants (n = 12). Directed coding, guided by the Accelerating Diffusion of Proven Technologies for Older Adults (ADOPT) model was used to analyse the data. Findings illustrate the complexities of innovation processes, including the challenges in developing a business case as well as benefits of a collaborative network.
Polydrug Use and Dating Violence Among Emerging Adults
Authors: Choi Hye Jeong , Grigorian Hannah , Garner Alisa , Stuart Gregory L. , Temple Jeff. R.
Published: July 2020

We examined sociodemographic and psychosocial risk factors that moderate the (poly) substance use and dating violence victimization and perpetration relationship among emerging adults. Using an ethnically diverse sample ( N = 698), we used latent class analyses to identify mutually exclusive groups based on monthly and past-year substance use. We then examined these groups as they relate to dating violence victimization and perpetration and the moderating effect of various risk factors. Five classes were identified based on substance use patterns: (a) Regular Alcohol use, (b) Polysubstance use, (c) Heavy Alcohol and Marijuana use, (d) Mild Alcohol use, and (e) Occasional Alcohol and Marijuana use classes. Participants in the Polysubstance use class were the most likely to perpetrate dating violence followed by Heavy Alcohol and Marijuana use, Occasional Alcohol and Marijuana use, Regular Alcohol, and Mild Alcohol use classes. Similarly, participants in the Polysubstance use class were the most likely to be victims of dating violence followed by Occasional Alcohol and Marijuana, Heavy Alcohol and Marijuana, Regular Alcohol, and Mild Alcohol use classes. Depending on substance use class, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, history of dating violence, and trauma symptoms differentially influenced dating violence perpetration and victimization at 1-year follow-up. Our findings support the need to comprehensively address dating violence among emerging adults. Intimate partner violence prevention and intervention programs may benefit from targeting emerging adults who misuse substances and incorporating substance use interventions into dating violence prevention efforts.
Nonlinear thermomechanical buckling of sandwich FGM oblique stiffened plates with nonlinear effect of elastic foundation
Authors: Dong Dang Thuy , Nam Vu Hoai , Trung Nguyen Thoi , Phuong Nguyen Thi , Hung Vu Tho
Published: July 2020

In this article, the nonlinear thermomechanical buckling behaviors of sandwich functionally graded plates subjected to an axial compression and external pressure are analytically analyzed resting on nonlinear elastic foundation. Assuming that the plates are reinforced by oblique stiffeners and rested on nonlinear elastic foundation. The formulations are established using the higher-order shear deformation theory taking into account the geometrical nonlinearity of von Kármán. The Lekhnitskii’s smeared stiffener technique is developed for shear deformable oblique stiffener system using the coordinate transformation technique with both mechanical and thermal terms. The Galerkin method is utilized to obtain the nonlinear algebraically equation system, then, solve it to determine the explicit expressions of critical buckling loads and postbuckling load–deflection curves. Numerical results show the effects of temperature, nonlinear elastic foundation, stiffeners, and material and geometrical properties on nonlinear behaviors of plates.
A majoritarian basis for judicial countermajoritarianism
Authors: Rogers James R. , Ura Joseph Daniel
Published: July 2020

Judicial protection of disfavored minorities against oppressive legislation in majoritarian separation-of-power systems raises a puzzle: Why don’t legislative majorities enacting discriminatory legislation curb judicial power when judges use their power to protect minorities and stymie the legislation? We answer this question by showing that judicial protection of disfavored minorities can emerge as an unintended by-product of majoritarian politics. We develop a model that includes the two aspects of judicial review Alexander Hamilton discusses in The Federalist No. 78: Judicial protection of disfavored minorities against hostile popular majorities, and judicial protection of majority interests against legislative depredation. It is the institutional linkage between these functions that induces popular majorities, within limits, to side with judges against legislatures even when those judges protect minorities that popular majorities want to oppress.
Chatter identification in thin-wall milling using an adaptive variational mode decomposition method combined with the decision tree model
Authors: Wang Ruoqi , Niu Jinbo , Sun Yuwen
Published: July 2020

Chatter is prone to occur in thin-wall part milling process due to the low stiffness and damping of the workpiece. It roughens the machining surface, shortens the tool life, and thus should be detected and prevented. However, the multimode and time-varying dynamics of thin-wall parts produces nonstationary and multicomponent cutting signals, which makes it challenging to accurately identify the chatter occurrence. In this article, an effective chatter identification method based on adaptive variational mode decomposition and decision tree is presented to tackle this problem. The adaptive variational mode decomposition is used to adaptively decompose the raw acoustic signal into several subsignals, and the decision tree is used to automatically determine the chatter threshold. First, the convergence of multicenter-frequency signal processing is analyzed and is proved to be closely related to the accuracy of variational mode decomposition. Afterward, a criterion is set up to initialize the center frequencies of variational mode decomposition, on the basis of which an adaptive energy ratio-based method with good computational efficiency is presented to extract the frequencies of the main components from the raw signal. The initial center frequencies and the number of modes of variational mode decomposition are simultaneously obtained. As a result, the raw signal is adaptively decomposed into several subsignals, which contain its principal components. Then, the normalized energy and sample entropy of the subsignals are selected to establish the decision tree model for automatic chatter identification. Several milling tests on a thin-wall plate are carried out to verify the proposed method. The results show that chatter can be identified accurately and efficiently using the proposed method.
Heat transfer enhancement through porous fins: A comprehensive review of recent developments and innovations
Authors: Deshamukhya Tuhin , Bhanja Dipankar , Nath Sujit
Published: July 2020

The high-end devices, sophisticated gadgets, smart home appliances, superfast vehicles and aero engines of twenty-first century demand better heat removal for efficient functioning. Thus, with an aim to facilitate higher heat transfer from mechanical and electronic equipment, extensive research throughout the world has been going at a steady pace. One such achievement in the field of heat transfer is the introduction of the porous fins. This paper aims to discuss the various important aspects of porous fins along with the noteworthy research and developments in this field over the last decade. The review starts with a brief idea of heat transfer mechanism through porous media followed by some discussion on the thermal analysis of porous fins. Usually, the complicated nonlinear energy equations of porous fins require analytical techniques along with numerical analysis to solve the same. A good number of relevant research works have been cited to understand the optimum shaping and derivation of governing differential equations. Finally, a strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats analysis has been done to analyze the various aspects of using a porous fin.
Ride comfort control of in-wheel motor drive unmanned ground vehicles with energy regeneration
Authors: Zhang Lipeng , Ren Chenhui , Yuan Xinmao , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2020

Adopting in-wheel motor drive can improve vehicle dynamics control functions, which is the most ideal drive mode of unmanned ground vehicle. However, with the increase of the heavy unspring-mass vibration energy while the vehicle running on uneven road, the ride comfort will be seriously deteriorated. To solve the problem and save energy, the ride comfort control based on regenerative suspensions is adopted. By analyzing the vibration performance, the adverse effects of the vehicle equipped in-wheel motors with passive suspensions are revealed. Then, the dynamics model of the regenerative suspension is built. Based on the suspension power recovery, the multi-state optimal control strategy for improving the ride comfort is designed. Finally, comparing the simulation results of regenerative suspensions with the test results of passive suspensions, when the vehicle mass ratio decreases from 8:1 to 4:1, the body acceleration and the root mean square value of tire dynamic load increase by 28.1% and 31.6%, correspondingly. With the control method, the body acceleration is decreased by 23% and reaches the level of conventional vehicles. Furthermore, part of the vehicle vibration energy can be recovered and the vehicle driving range can be extended.
Computational investigation of the cavitation vortex dynamics in flow over a three-dimensional hydrofoil by a new transport-based model
Authors: Hong Feng , Zhang Fan
Published: July 2020

Cavitation is of significant practical interest due to its unsteady features which could induce destructive effects such as drastic drop in efficiency, noise, vibration, and corrosion for propulsion systems, rudders and other hydraulic machinery. A thorough understanding of the hydrodynamics in the cavitating flow past a three-dimensional hydrofoil makes indicators for an improved control performance of these hydraulic systems. Hence, a computational investigation of the cavitating flow over the Delft Twist-11 hydrofoil was performed with special emphasis on the cavitation vortex dynamics. A new transport-based cavitation model was proposed and compared with the conventional Schnerr–Sauer model through the predictions of cavitation characteristics, for which available experimental data were also provided. The results show that, as compared with the Schnerr–Sauer model, the proposed model can predict closer engineering parameters, including time-mean lift coefficient and vapor shedding frequency with the experiments. In addition, more reasonable structure and dynamics of the three-dimensional unsteady sheet/cloud cavitation patterns, including the cavity growth, break-off, and collapse downstream are captured by the proposed model. With the help of the vorticity transport equation in a variable density flow, further analysis of the flow field predicted by the proposed model reveals that cavitation promotes the production of vortex as well as the flow instabilities. Vorticity production in the cavitating flow is mainly induced by the terms of vortex stretching and vortex dilatation, while the baroclinic torque only contributes in the region of shedding and collapse of the cloud cavity and the contribution of the viscous diffusion term is negligible as compared with the other three terms. The main significance of this study is that it demonstrates the potential of a robust transport-based cavitation model to investigate the unsteady dynamics in the cavitating flow past a three-dimensional twisted hydrofoil and expected to make sense for other hydraulic machinery.
Association between periodontitis and systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis
Authors: Zhong Hao-Jie , Xie Hui-Xin , Luo Xiao-Min , Zhang Er-Hua
Published: July 2020

Objective

The objective of this study was to explore the association between periodontitis and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

To identify eligible studies, the PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science databases were searched from inception to 19 September 2019. Associations of periodontitis, and other periodontal parameters, with SLE were assessed.

Results

Ten studies involving 80,633 subjects were included in this meta-analysis. Pooled data showed a significant association between periodontitis and SLE (odds ratio=5.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.69–16.78, p = 0.004). In addition, SLE patients had a higher prevalence of bleeding on probing (mean difference = 0.03, 95% CI 0.00–0.06, p = 0.02) and higher mean clinical attachment loss (mean difference = 0.69, 95% CI 0.39–1.00, p < 0.001). However, there were no significant differences between SLE and reference subjects in mean plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth or decayed, missing or filled teeth.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a significant association between periodontitis and SLE, which indicates that avoidance of periodontitis by maintaining oral health may be a simple and economical way to prevent SLE.
Cognitive-Load Theory: Methods to Manage Working Memory Load in the Learning of Complex Tasks
Authors: Paas Fred , van Merriënboer Jeroen J. G.
Published: July 2020

Cognitive-load researchers attempt to engineer the instructional control of cognitive load by designing methods that substitute productive for unproductive cognitive load. This article highlights proven and new methods to achieve this instructional control by focusing on the cognitive architecture used by cognitive-load theory and aspects of the learning task, the learner, and the learning environment.
Trading Nudes Like Hockey Cards: Exploring the Diversity of ‘Revenge Porn’ Cases Responded to in Law
Authors: Dodge Alexa
Published: July 2020

Popular and scholarly responses to nonconsensual pornography (colloquially known as ‘revenge porn’) have largely, though not exclusively, focused on cases that fit within the paradigmatic mold of men nonconsensually distributing intimate images with the intention to harass or abuse their female partners/ex-partners. However, several recent studies offer evidence that the dynamics of this act are more diverse than previously assumed. In this article I analyze 49 Canadian legal cases to determine the extent to which those cases that make it to the court level fit within the typical framing and to explore the dynamics of cases laying outside this paradigm. I find that, while a large portion of cases fit the commonly imagined pattern, the case law also includes several cases that complicate dominant framings of nonconsensual pornography. Using intersectional and postmodern feminist theory, I argue that this variety of case contexts necessitates more diverse socio-legal understandings of and responses to nonconsensual pornography.
Securitization of the unemployed and counter-conductive resistance in Tunisia
Authors: Han Saerom
Published: July 2020

While resistance has been increasingly studied in critical security studies, its role has been mainly understood as either a deconstructive or a reconstructive force in processes of securitization owing to the perceived externality of resistance to domination. By contributing to the governmentality approach to security with Foucault’s concept of counter-conduct, this article aims to explicate a particular mode of resistance in which the securitized subject resists, not by refusing the status of being securitized, but by counter-securitizing the self. In doing so, the article shows how dominating and resisting actors mutually construct a particular issue as security. The utility of the concept of counter-conduct is empirically examined via the case of Tunisia, where the unemployed have been securitized in the context of counter-terrorism since the 2011 uprising. By analysing the narratives of the ruling elites and unemployed protesters collected from local news, Facebook posts and semi-structured interviews conducted by the author between 2016 and 2017, the article illustrates how protesters actively participated in the securitization of the unemployed in order that they might be able to continue their socio-economic struggle and position their right to work as the most efficient way of fighting terrorism.
A Mixed-Methods Quasi-Experimental Study on Perspectives Among Physicians and Nurses Regarding Use of Palliative Care Teams in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Broman Alia , Williams Cydni , Macauley Robert , Carney Patricia A.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Nationally, only one-third of children survive to hospital discharge after initial presentation with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Of those children who survive, less than 25% leave the hospital at their functional baseline. Given these poor outcomes, such patients could benefit from palliative care involvement.

Aims:

To characterize the existing use and identify barriers to seeking palliative care consults in children admitted to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with OHCA.

Design:

Mixed-methods quasi-experimental study.

Participants:

Physicians (MD/DO), nurse practitioners, and registered nurses who provide care in the PICU.

Results:

Overall, nurses felt palliative care was consulted “not nearly enough” (43%), while the majority of physicians (53.9%) perceived palliative care services are requested either “just the right amount” (30.8%) or “too often” (23.1%). The top 3 desired palliative services were (1) patient and family psychosocial support, (2) assistance with determining goals of care, and (3) counseling and education. Barriers to consults were forgetting/not thinking about consulting, and family refusal of palliative care consult. No statistical differences among participant groups were found for likelihood to consult palliative care, unless the patient faced imminent death.

Conclusions:

Pediatric Intensive Care Unit providers desire assistance from palliative care teams for help with identifying goals of care, providing psychosocial support, as well as education to the patients and their families. Unfortunately, there remains a large discrepancy between physicians and nurses when it comes to how often palliative care is, and should, be consulted.
Outcomes of Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Implant of the Lesser Metatarsals
Authors: Chrea Bopha , Day Jonathan , Eble Stephanie K. , Elliott Andrew , O’Malley Martin J. , Demetracopoulos Constantine , Deland Jonathan T. , Drakos Mark C.
Published: July 2020

Background:

Lesser toe metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint pathology presents a challenge for surgical treatment. At our institution, arthroplasty using a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel implant has been utilized in the second and third MTP joints for advanced arthritis, failed management of Freiberg’s infraction, and osteochondral defects. We present a case series describing the clinical outcomes of 13 patients following PVA implantation of the second or third MTP.

Methods:

We retrospectively identified 13 patients (14 joints) who underwent PVA hydrogel implantation of the second ( n = 12) or third ( n = 2) metatarsal between 2017 and 2019. The average age was 49 (range, 20-67) years, with 100% females. Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores were collected preoperatively and at an average of 21.1 (range, 8.3-29.2) months postoperatively. Clinical outcomes were also evaluated. The average time to clinical follow-up was 24.7 (range, 7-35.8) months.

Results:

On average, patients demonstrated pre- to postoperative improvement in all PROMIS domains, with significant improvements in Pain Intensity ( P = .01) and Pain Interference ( P = .01). Five postoperative complications were observed: 1 case of persistent avascular necrosis, 1 revision with implant removal and bone grafting, 1 periprosthetic fracture, and 2 recurrences of pain requiring ultrasound-guided injection.

Conclusion:

This study represents the largest case series to date evaluating the use of PVA implant in the surgical correction of lesser toe MTP joint pathology. While the PVA implant presents a viable option in the setting of advanced arthritis, Freiberg’s infraction, and certain osteochondral defects, it is not without complications. The specific indications for use of the PVA implant should be carefully considered.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
The Lure of the New and the Hold of the Dogmatic
Authors: St.Pierre Elizabeth Adams
Published: July 2020

In this article, St.Pierre argues that the dualist Cartesian ontology of the human, social, empirical sciences, along with that ontology’s Cartesian cogito and its research methodologies, has produced a dogmatic image of thought it is difficult to escape. To produce the new that is not recognizable in that onto-epistemological arrangement, she suggests reading philosophy and studying philosophical concepts that cannot be applied to the world but can re-orient thought and force thinking in thought.
Latent Class Analysis of Maternal Vaccine Attitudes and Beliefs
Authors: Dudley Matthew Z. , Limaye Rupali J. , Omer Saad B. , O’Leary Sean T. , Ellingson Mallory K. , Spina Christine I. , Chamberlain Allison T. , Brewer Sarah E. , Bednarczyk Robert A. , Malik Fauzia , Frew Paula M. , Salmon Daniel A.
Published: July 2020

Background. Maternal vaccine coverage is suboptimal, and a substantial proportion of parents have concerns about vaccines. Most parents seek out vaccine information during and immediately after their first pregnancy. No study to our knowledge has analyzed survey data to identify homogeneous groups of pregnant women based on their vaccine attitudes and beliefs. Aims. To identify homogeneity among groups of pregnant women based on their vaccine attitudes and beliefs to facilitate audience segmentation and targeting of tailored educational interventions. Method. Between June 2017 and July 2018, we surveyed 2,196 pregnant women recruited from geographically and sociodemographically diverse prenatal care practices in Georgia and Colorado. We then performed a latent class analysis to identify homogeneity among groups of pregnant women. Results. Our latent class analysis produced three groups of pregnant women: vaccine supporters (36% of women), vaccine acceptors (41%), and vaccine skeptics (23%). Discussion. The major difference between the supporters and the acceptors were whether they mostly “strongly agreed” or just “agreed” to Likert-type scale survey items assessing their vaccine attitudes and beliefs. The skeptics most frequently chose “disagree” or “don’t know” for items assessing attitudinal constructs such as confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy and disease susceptibility. However, even skeptics often chose “agree” for items assessing constructs such as disease severity and self-efficacy. Conclusions. This article provides useful insight into the homogeneity among groups of pregnant women based on their vaccine attitudes and beliefs. This knowledge should help facilitate audience segmentation and targeting of tailored educational interventions among this population.
The Migration Experience and Differential Risks to Sexual and Reproductive Health in Ghana
Authors: Sznajder Kristin K. , Winchester Margaret S. , Biney Adriana A. E. , Dodoo Naa D. , Letsa Demi , Dodoo F. Nii-Amoo
Published: July 2020

Background. Though internal migration in Ghana has become increasingly common in recent years, research has not focused on the gendered experiences and perceptions of migration and the association with sexual and reproductive health risks for male and female migrants. Method. A qualitative study using semistructured interviews among migrant market workers and market leaders working in Agbogbloshie in Accra, Ghana, was completed in April 2018. Interview domains for the migrant interviews included the following: expectations of migration, current working and living conditions, sexual and reproductive health, access to health care, and self-reported health status. Qualitative data were analyzed using a combination of inductive and deductive coding in MAXQDA. Results. Data indicate that migrant workers have a variety of perceptions surrounding their migration experience. In the urban destination, migrants face a number of challenges that negatively affect their health, including poor accommodation, safety concerns, and low levels of social support. Reported risks to sexual and reproductive health were unsafe sexual encounters, such as low condom use and sexual assault. Discussion. The negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes among migrant populations in urban poor settings are a result of a confluence of factors, including perceptions of destination locations, working and living conditions, social support, and gender norms. A complex systems approach to understanding the sexual health of migrants is warranted. Conclusion. Findings from this research illustrate the complexity of health risks among migrants in Agbogbloshie. Further research is needed to explore the increased vulnerability of migrants compared with nonmigrants in urban poverty and the long-term implications of sexual and reproductive health risks in vulnerable migrant communities.
Microstructure, nano-mechanical characterization, and fretting wear behavior of plasma surface Cr-Nb alloying on γ-TiAl
Authors: Wei Dongbo , Li Fengkun , Wei Xiangfei , Liskiewicz Tomasz , Kubiak Krzysztof J , Zhang Pingze
Published: July 2020

In this study, surface Cr-Nb alloying was realized on γ-TiAl using double glow plasma hollow cathode discharge technique. An inter-diffusion layer was generated under the surface, composed of Cr2Nb intermetallic compounds. After Cr-Nb alloying, the surface nanohardness of γ-TiAl increased from 5.65 to 11.61 GPa. The surface H/E and H3/E2 increased from 3.37 to 5.98 and from 0.64 to 4.15, respectively. Cr-Nb alloying and its effect on fretting wear were investigated. The surface treatment resulted in improved plastic deformation and fretting wear resistance of γ-TiAl. The fretting wear test showed that an average friction coefficient of γ-TiAl against Si3N4 ball was significantly decreased after Cr-Nb alloying. The fluctuation of friction coefficient during running-in stage was significantly improved. The friction behavior of both γ-TiAl before and after Cr-Nb alloying could be divided into distinctive stages including formation of debris, flaking, formation of crack, and delamination. It was observed that the high hardness, resistance to plastic deformation, and fatigue resistance of γ-TiAl after Cr-Nb alloying could inhibit the formation of debris and delamination during friction test. The fretting wear scar area and the maximum wear scar depth were decreased, indicating that the wear resistance of γ-TiAl has been greatly improved after Cr-Nb alloying. The results indicated that plasma surface Cr-Nb alloying is an effective way for improving the fretting wear resistance of γ-TiAl in aviation area.
Prediction of on-treatment disability worsening in RRMS with the MAGNIMS score
Authors: Kunchok Amy , Lechner-Scott Jeannette , Granella Franco , Trojano Maria , Alroughani Raed , Sola Patrizia , Ferraro Diana , Lugaresi Alessandra , Onofrj Marco , Ozakbas Serkan , Izquierdo Guillermo , Grammond Pierre , Luis Sanchez-Menoyo Jose , Van Wijmeersch Bart , Boz Cavit , Pucci Eugenio , McCombe Pamela , Grand’Maison Francois , Spitaleri Daniele , Vucic Steve , Hupperts Raymond , Jokubaitis Vilija , Sormani Maria Pia , Butzkueven Helmut , Kalincik Tomas ,   for the MSBase Study Group
Published: July 2020

Background:

The magnetic resonance imaging in multiple sclerosis (MAGNIMS) score combines relapses and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesions to predict disability outcomes in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) treated with interferon-β.

Objective:

To validate the MAGNIMS score and extend to other disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). To examine the prognostic value of gadolinium contrast-enhancing (Gd+) lesions.

Methods:

This RRMS MSBase cohort study ( n = 2293) used a Cox model to examine the prognostic value of relapses, MRI activity and the MAGNIMS score for disability worsening during treatment with interferon-β and three other DMTs.

Results:

Three new T2 lesions (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.60, p = 0.028) or two relapses (HR = 2.24, p = 0.002) on interferon-β (for 12 months) were predictive of disability worsening over 4 years. MAGNIMS score = 2 (1 relapse and ⩾3 T2 lesions or ⩾2 relapses) was associated with a greater risk of disability worsening on interferon-β (HR = 2.0, p = 0.001). In pooled cohort of four DMTs, similar associations were seen (MAGNIMS score = 2: HR = 1.72, p = 0.001). Secondary analyses demonstrated that the addition of Gd+ to the MAGNIMS did not materially improve its prediction of disability worsening.

Conclusion:

We have validated the MAGNIMS score in RRMS and extended its application to three other DMTs: 1 relapse and ⩾3 T2 lesions or ⩾2 relapses predicted worsening of disability. Contrast-enhancing lesions did not substantially improve the prognostic score.
Pathways to gender affirmation in trans youth: A qualitative and participative study with youth and their parents
Authors: Medico Denise , Pullen Sansfaçon Annie , Zufferey Adèle , Galantino Gabriel , Bosom Morag , Suerich-Gulick Frank
Published: July 2020

How trans youth realize about their gender identity and come out to their significant others is under-researched and very few studies include both youth and parental perspectives. This study was developed in Switzerland, a country where families with trans youth are just beginning to break invisibility. The research protocol draws on grounded theory methodology, is participative and developed in collaboration with a local trans NGO and a pan Canadian project. We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with 10 trans youth and their caregivers/parents (10 interview). At least three developmental pathways seem to emerge: a) the affirmed children who affirm themselves very early, (b) the silent children who spend their childhood in a state of internal tension without being able to position themselves and (c) the neutral children who become aware of their gender difference at puberty following a childhood in which gender was not problematic. In all cases puberty is a crossroads, lived painfully with significant manifestations of both social and body dysphoria. A better understanding of the process of gender development in trans children and youth will help improve our interventions to better serve young people and their families, and help them overcome the different levels of oppressions they face.
Guest Editor’s overview of the Special Issue
Authors: Golynker Oxana
Published: July 2020

The aim of this Special Issue is to present a critical analysis of the reform of the coordination of social security in the light of the 2016-2019 revision of the EU Regulations on the coordination of social security. The articles scrutinise all areas of the Commission’s proposal for amending Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 on the coordination of social security systems and Regulation (EC) No 987/2009, which lays down the procedure for implementing Regulation (EC) No 883/2004. The introduction provides an overview of the negotiation of the Commission’s proposal and outlines the aims and the structure of the Special Issue.
Analysis of winter formaldehyde and volatile organic compound pollution characteristics of residential kitchens in severe cold regions of northeast China
Authors: Wag Jun , Huang Kailiang , Feng Guohui , Song Jiasen
Published: July 2020

The formaldehyde (HCHO) and volatile organic compound (VOCs) pollution characteristics of the residential kitchen in severe cold regions of northeast China were investigated by on-site measurement, questionnaire and correlation analysis. A total of 33 residential kitchens in three cities were selected as samples. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, phenol reagent spectrophotometer and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine were applied. The change of VOC concentration during cooking was tracked by parts per billion ppb RAE detector. Moreover, the CO2 tracer gas method was used to measure air changes when the range hood was open under different window-opening angles. The results demonstrate that though the excess rate of HCHO in the kitchen was only 5.3% before cooking, the average VOC concentration (1.269 mg/m3) exceeded far beyond the standard and was obviously higher than other climate zones. During cooking, the VOC concentration was in a state of seriously exceeding standard. The average concentration of aldehyde and ketone pollutants during cooking was 0.431 mg/m3. Frying produced more VOCs than stewing. The influence factors of HCHO and VOC pollution characteristics were explored. Increasing make-up air and optimizing cooking habits are significant in alleviating kitchen pollution in northeast China.
W.E.B. Du Bois and interdisciplinarity: A comprehensive picture of the scholar’s approach to natural science
Authors: Besek Jordan Fox , Greiner Patrick Trent , Clark Brett
Published: July 2020

Throughout his life, W.E.B. Du Bois actively engaged the scientific racism infecting natural sciences and popular thought. Nevertheless, he also demonstrated a sophisticated and critical engagement with natural science. He recognized that the sciences were socially situated, but also that they addressed real questions and issues. Debate remains, however, regarding exactly how and why Du Bois incorporated such natural scientific knowledge into his own thinking. In this article, we draw on archival research and Du Bois’ own scholarship to investigate his general approach to interdisciplinarity. We address how and why he fused natural scientific knowledge and the influence of physical environs into his social science, intertwining each with his broader intellectual and political aims. This investigation will offer a fuller understanding of the scope and aims of his empirical scholarship. At the same time, it will illuminate a sociological approach to natural science that can still inform scholarship today.