bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of the development of the inner ear third window effect after endolymphatic sac surgery in Ménière disease patients
Authors: Kim Sung Huhn , Ko Seung Hyun , Ahn Sang Hyun , Hong Jae Min , Lee Won‐Sang
Published: April 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

The goal of this study was to identify the clinical significance of the low‐frequency air–bone gap (LFABG) that often develops after endolymphatic sac surgery.

Study Design:

Prospective study.

Methods:

Sixteen patients who had been diagnosed with definite Ménière disease and underwent endolymphatic sac surgery were studied. The surgical outcome was evaluated based on the 1995 guidelines of the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. The number of patients who developed LFABGs (a mean air–bone gap >10 dB HL at 250, 500, and 1,000 Hz) after surgery was determined, and the significance of the LFABGs was evaluated by analyzing their relation with the surgical outcome.

Results:

The vertigo spells of nine patients were completely controlled (class A). The number of vertigo spells was reduced by 60% to 99% in 6 patients (class B) and by 20% to 59% in 1 patient (class C). Postoperative LFABGs were observed in 13 patients. The mean LFABG of the patients in class A was significantly larger than that of the patients in classes B and C (25.0 ± 7.6 dB nHL in class A vs. 10.0. ± 7.5 dB nHL in class B and C; P = .005).

Conclusions:

Based on the data of the current study, we conjectured that the correlation of large LFABGs with excellent vertigo control in this study may be due to a third window phenomenon related to bony decompression of the endolymphatic sac and duct, and may serve as a favorable prognostic marker.
Accuracy of the current TNM classification in predicting survival in patients with sinonasal mucosal melanoma
Authors: Koivunen Petri , Bäck Leif , Pukkila Matti , Laranne Jussi , Kinnunen Ilpo , Grénman Reidar , Mäkitie Antti A.
Published: April 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

The first International Union Against Cancer (UICC) TNM classification for aerodigestive malignant mucosal melanoma was not published until 2009, and since then, only a few studies have evaluated the accuracy of this staging system. Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of this UICC staging system for sinonasal malignant mucosal melanoma (SMMM) in a nationwide survey.

Study Design:

Retrospective, population‐based, multicenter study.

Methods:

The hospital surgical and discharge registries were used to identify the patients. A database including demographic and clinicopathologic variable was created.

Results:

Altogether, 50 SMMM patients diagnosed in Finland from 1990 to 2004 were evaluated. Three‐ and 5‐year overall survival rates were 44% and 27%, respectively. Significant differences in overall survival according to T classification (P = .028, log rank) and stage (P = .02, log rank) were found. Tumor extension to the sphenoid sinus had a significant negative impact on survival (n = 11, P = .03, log rank).

Conclusions:

The current UICC staging system for mucosal melanoma provides a useful format for staging SMMMs in clinical settings. Laryngoscope, 2012
Narrow band imaging is a new technique in visualization of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Tjon Pian Gi Robin E. A. , Halmos Gyorgy B. , van Hemel Bettien M. , van den Heuvel Edwin R. , van der Laan Bernard F. A. M. , Plaat Boudewijn E. C. , Dikkers Frederik G.
Published: April 2012

Objectives/Hypothesis:

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a rare, benign, wart‐like disease for which no curative treatment exists. The goal of treatment is total surgical removal of the epithelial lesions to keep the airway open and the voice sufficient. Therefore, it is essential to visualize all papillomatous lesions. The present study aims to evaluate the sensitivity of additional use of narrow band imaging (NBI) in detecting RRP during microlaryngoscopy.

Study Design:

Prospective study.

Methods:

Between January 2011 and July 2011, patients with RRP underwent systematic inspection during microlaryngoscopy using conventional white light (WL) immediately followed by inspection with NBI. Consensus was achieved about the number of lesions and number of RRP suspect lesions. All lesions were subsequently excised and sent for histopathological examination.

Results:

Eighty‐six excisional biopsies were taken in 24 microlaryngoscopies performed in 14 RRP patients. Eleven out of the 13 additional biopsies taken, induced by the second inspection with NBI, proved to be papillomata after histopathological examination. The sensitivity increased from 80% with WL up to 97% with WL + NBI (P < .01), whereas the specificity remained poor (32% and 28%, respectively).

Conclusions:

NBI is an additional diagnostic tool in increasing the sensitivity of visualizing papillomata during microlaryngoscopy. Laryngoscope, 2012
MR‐guided laser‐induced thermal therapy (LITT) for recurrent glioblastomas
Authors: Carpentier Alexandre , Chauvet Dorian , Reina Vincent , Beccaria Kevin , Leclerq Delphine , McNichols Roger J. , Gowda Ashok , Cornu Philippe , Delattre Jean‐Yves
Published: April 2012

Background and objective

Laser‐induced thermal therapy (LITT), coupled with magnetic resonance thermal imaging (MRTI) guidance, provides a minimally invasive and safe approach to treat brain tumors, especially metastases. We report here our experience using this treatment for recurrent glioblastomas.

Materials and Methods

Four patients, from 40 to 58 years old, were diagnosed with glioblastoma. After total resection, chemotherapy and radiation therapy, recurrence occurred. As each was ineligible for a second surgery, LITT was proposed as salvage therapy. Under stereotactic guidance, a fiberoptic applicator was inserted within the tumor LITT was performed under continuous MRTI. Real‐time feedback control based on MRTI was employed to assess the quality of local tissue destruction and to prevent unwanted damage to nearby structures.

Results

The procedure was well tolerated with no peroperative neurological deterioration. In the short‐term follow‐up, one transient supplementary motor area syndrome, one epileptic seizure, and one cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred. All were successfully managed. Post‐procedure MRI showed no complication, satisfying treatment volume, and a decrease in size of the treated tumor. For all patients, recurrence was observed with a mean/median progression free survival of 37/30 days. Mean/median overall survival after LITT was 10.5/10 months.

Conclusion

Focal tumor control was performed safely using minimally invasive LITT with real‐time MRTI control. LITT could be considered as salvage therapy for high‐grade recurrent gliomas if a 1‐day treatment is considered useful for a few weeks gain in survival. Larger experience will be required to define indications for such infiltrative disease and accurately determine a potentially significant survival gain in good neurological condition associated with this 1‐day procedure. Lasers Surg. Med. 44: 361–368, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biocompatible Zwitterionic Sulfobetaine Copolymer‐Coated Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Temperature‐Responsive Drug Release
Authors: Sun Jiao‐Tong , Yu Zhi‐Qiang , Hong Chun‐Yan , Pan Cai‐Yuan
Published: April 2012

A novel nanocontainer, which could regulate the release of payloads, has been successfully fabricated by attaching zwitterionic sulfobetaine copolymer onto the mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). RAFT polymerization is employed to prepare the hybrid poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)‐coated MSNs (MSN‐PDMAEMA). Subsequently, the tertiary amine groups in PDMAEMA are quaternized with 1,3‐propanesultone to get poly(DMAEMA‐co‐3‐dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium propanesulfonate)‐coated MSNs [MSN‐Poly(DMAEMA‐co‐DMAPS)]. The zwitterionic PDMAPS component endows the nanocarrier with biocompatibility, and the PDMAEMA component makes the copolymer shell temperature‐responsive. Controlled release of loaded rhodamine B has been achieved in the saline solutions.
Preparation of CO2/N2‐Triggered Reversibly Coagulatable and Redispersible Polyacrylate Latexes by Emulsion Polymerization Using a Polymeric Surfactant
Authors: Zhang Qi , Yu Guoqiang , Wang Wen‐Jun , Li Bo‐Geng , Zhu Shiping
Published: April 2012

We report here a novel approach for making reversibly coagulatable and redispersible polyacrylate latexes by emulsion (co)polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) using a polymeric surfactant, poly(2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)10‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate)14. The surfactant was protonated with HCl prior to use. The resulted PMMA latexes were readily coagulated with trace amount of caustic soda. The coagulated latex particles, after washing with deionized water, could be redispersed into fresh water to form stable latexes again by CO2 bubbling with ultrasonication. The recovered latexes could then be coagulated by N2 bubbling with gentle heating. These coagulation and redispersion processes were repeatable by the CO2/N2 bubbling.
Multiple 3D inversion recovery imaging for volume T1 mapping of the heart
Authors: Coniglio A. , Di Renzi P. , Vilches Freixas G. , Della Longa G. , Santarelli A. , Capparella R. , Nardiello B. , Loiudice C. , Bianchi S. , D'Arienzo M. , Begnozzi L.
Published: April 2012

In this article, a three‐dimensional inversion recovery sequence was optimized with the aim of generating in vivo volume T1 maps of the heart using a 1.5‐T MR system. Acquisitions were performed before and after gadolinium diethylenetriamine penta‐acetic acid (Gd‐DTPA) administration in one patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and in two healthy volunteers. Data were acquired with a multishot fast field echo readout using both ECG and respiratory triggers. A dedicated phantom, composed of four solutions with different T1 values, was positioned on the subjects' thoracic region to perform patient‐specific calibration. Pixel based T1 maps were calculated with a custom Matlab® code. Phantom measurements showed a good accuracy of the technique and in vivo T1 estimation of liver, skeletal muscle, myocardium, and blood resulted in good agreement with values reported in the literature. Multiple three‐dimensional inversion recovery technique is a feasible and accurate method to perform T1 volume mapping. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modeling dispersion in arterial spin labeling: Validation using dynamic angiographic measurements
Authors: Chappell Michael A. , Woolrich Mark W. , Kazan Samira , Jezzard Peter , Payne Stephen J. , MacIntosh Bradley J.
Published: April 2012

A major assumption in arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI perfusion quantification is the time course of the signal on arrival in the capillary network. The normally assumed square label profile is not preserved during transit of the label through the vasculature. This change in profile can be attributed to a number of effects collectively denoted as dispersion. A number of models for this effect have been proposed, but they have been difficult to validate. In this study ASL data acquired whilst the label was still within larger arteries was used to compare models of label dispersion. Models were fit using a probabilistic algorithm and evaluated according to their ability to fit the data. Data from an elderly population were considered including both healthy controls and patients with a variety of vascular disease. The authors conclude that modeling ASL dispersion using a convolution of the ideal ASL label profile with a dispersion kernel is most appropriate, where the kernel itself takes the form of a gamma distribution. This model provided a best fit to the data considered, was consistent with the measured flow profile in arteries and was sufficiently mathematically simple to make it practical for ASL tissue perfusion quantification. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Use of capillary blood to diagnose hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Crisp Renée L. , Solari Liliana , Gammella Daniel , Schvartzman Gabriel A. , Rapetti María Cristina , Donato Hugo
Published: April 2012

We studied 31 children with hemolytic anemia, or with positive family history for hereditary spherocytosis (HS), to assess the reliability of capillary blood samples for the diagnosis. HS was diagnosed in 20 patients. Cryohemolysis (CH) was positive in 94% and eosin‐5′‐maleimide flow cytometry in 90% of them, whereas flow cytometric osmotic fragility was positive in 94%. Capillary blood sampling showed to be useful for the diagnosis. Simultaneous use of these three tests allows confirming diagnosis in 100% of patients. The use of very small blood volumes (300 µl) allows an earlier diagnosis in neonates and small infants. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1299–1301. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties of graphene‐based polypropylene nanocomposites prepared by melt mixing
Authors: El Achaby Mounir , Arrakhiz Fatima‐Ezzahra , Vaudreuil Sébastien , el Kacem Qaiss Abou , Bousmina Mostapha , Fassi‐Fehri Omar
Published: April 2012

In this article, we describe the fabrication by melt mixing of graphene‐polypropylene nanocomposites and present the effect of graphene addition on some selected properties of polypropylene (PP). The graphene nanosheets (GNs) used as nano‐reinforcing agents were obtained through chemical reduction of graphene oxide by hydrazine hydrate. GNs were characterized and successfully dispersed into PP matrix to produce PP/GNs nanocomposites. The effects of GNs content on thermal, mechanical, and rheological properties were reported, and the obtained results were discussed in terms of morphology and state of dispersion and distribution of the GNs within the polymer matrix. Characterization by scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction of the nanocomposites has shown a relatively good dispersion of GNs in the polymer matrix, with the presence of only few aggregates. Increasing GNs content resulted in a significant increase in both mechanical and thermal properties with only few percent of GNs loading. Rheological behavior of the PP/GNs nanocomposites showed a Maxwellian‐like behavior for low GNs concentrations and a viscoelastic solid‐like behavior for GNs content exceeding the concentration of the percolation threshold. POLYM. COMPOS., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Flexural properties of S‐2 glass and TR30S carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy hybrid composites
Authors: Dong Chensong , Duong John , Davies Ian J.
Published: April 2012

A study on the flexural properties of hybrid composites reinforced by S‐2 glass and TR30S carbon fibers is presented in this article. Test specimens were made by the hand lay‐up process in an intraply configuration with varying numbers of glass/epoxy laminas substituted for carbon/epoxy laminas. These specimens were then tested in the three point bend configuration in accordance with ASTM D790‐07 at a span to depth ratio of 32. The failed specimens were examined under an optical microscope, and the results show that the dominant failure mode is at the compressive side. The flexural behavior was also simulated by finite element analysis (FEA). Based on the FEA results, the flexural modulus and flexural strength were calculated. Good agreement is found between the experiments and FEA. It is shown that flexural modulus decreases with increasing percentage of S‐2 glass fibers, positive hybrid effects exist by substituting carbon fibers for glass fibers, and applying a thin layer of S‐2 glass fiber‐reinforced polymer on the compressive surface yields the highest flexural strength. The modeling approach presented will pave a way to the effective design of hybrid composites. POLYM. COMPOS., © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers
Hyperbranched polymers as delivery vectors for oligonucleotides
Authors: Tan Jian Hong , McMillan Nigel A. J. , Payne Elizabeth , Alexander Cameron , Heath Felicity , Whittaker Andrew K. , Thurecht Kristofer J.
Published: April 2012

We report on the synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) polymers using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. These polymers are unimolecular and globular and hence interact differently with DNA than conventional DMAEMA or block copolymers. The polymers were shown to effectively bind and condense oligonucleotides (ODNs); visualization of the bound complexes was achieved using atomic force microscopy, whereas isothermal titration calorimetry described the thermodynamics of binding. The ODNs were effectively protected from enzymatic degradation (DNAses) when condensed by all the polycations studied. However, internalization of the complexes into HeLa cells was less effective when the polycation was chain extended with polyethyleneglycol monomethylether methacrylate. Conjugation of folic acid to the periphery of the polycation facilitated much enhanced uptake of the oligomeric DNA into the HeLa cells due to overexpression of folate receptors on the surface of HeLa cells. Although significant cytotoxicity was observed at high polymer concentrations, this could be alleviated by shielding of the polycation using poly(ethyleneglycol monomethylether methacrylate). These results suggest that hyperbranched polymers formed in this way exhibit interesting complexation behavior with ODNs and thus are promising models to study as gene delivery vectors. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
White electroluminescent single‐polymer achieved by incorporating three polyfluorene blue arms into a star‐shaped orange core
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Pengcheng , Tong Hui , Xie Zhiyuan , Wang Lixiang , Jing Xiabin , Wang Fosong
Published: April 2012

A series of star‐like dopant/host single‐polymer systems with a D‐A type star‐shaped orange core and three blue polyfluorene arms were designed and synthesized. Through tuning the doping concentration of the orange core and thermal annealing treatment of white polymer light‐emitting diodes based on them, highly efficient white electroluminescence has been achieved. A typical single‐layer device (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/Ca/Al) realized pure white emission with a luminous efficiency of 16.62 cd A−1, an external quantum efficiency of 6.28% and CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.36) for S‐WP‐002TPB3 containing 0.02 mol % orange core. The high efficiency of the devices could be mainly attributed to the suppressed concentration quenching of the dopant units, more efficient energy transfer from polymer host to orange dopant and thermal annealing‐induced α‐phase polyfluorene (PF) self‐dopant in amorphous PF host. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Manipulation of the bioactivity of glucose oxidase via raft‐controlled surface modification
Authors: Luo Xiong , Liu Jingquan , Liu Guozhen , Wang Rui , Liu Zhen , Li Aihua
Published: April 2012

In this article, poly[poly(ethyleneglycol) acrylate] (polyPEG‐A) with mercaptothiazoline ester terminal group was synthesized directly by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using a mercaptothiazoline ester functional RAFT agent. The functional polyPEG‐A was then conjugated to glucose oxidase (GOx) via surface‐tethered amino groups through covalent amide coupling. Sorensenformaltitration assay revealed that GOx retained ∼14 free amino groups available for covalent modification. The conjugation reaction turned out to be efficient and mild. Colorimetric method was applied to evaluate the enzymatic activity of native GOx and its derivatives by introducing another enzyme, horseradish peroxidase. The modified GOx with polymeric chains exhibited reduced enzymatic activity toward the catalytical oxidation of glucose, but with significantly increased thermal stability and elongated lifetime. When GOx was modified with polyPEG‐A [molecular weight (MW), 45,000; polydispersity index, 1.12] the enzymatic activity was decreased to 37 U/mg, only 29% left. However, when incubated at 25 °C the modified GOx still retained 9.6% of its original bioactivity after 60 days, whereas the native GOx only lived for 29 days. The more polymer chains or the longer polymer chain attached, the more reduction of the enzymatic activity resulted, however, the longer the lifetime of the enzyme obtained. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
The effects of modifying RhoA and Rac1 activities on heterotypic contact inhibition of locomotion
Authors: Anear Erika , Parish Roger W.
Published: April 2012

Contact inhibition of locomotion (CIL) occurs when a cell ceases moving in the same direction following contact with another cell. Homotypic and heterotypic CIL occur between cells of the same and different types, respectively. Using Abercrombie's confronted explants assay we studied the effect of changing Rac1 or RhoA activities on heterotypic CIL between NIH3T3 and chicken heart fibroblasts. Both dominant active (L61) and dominant negative (N17) Rac1 expressed in NIH3T3 cells resulted in loss of heterotypic CIL. N17Rac1 expression caused RhoA activation. Increasing RhoA activity directly (V14RhoA) or indirectly (downregulation of N‐cadherin or p120‐catenin) also resulted in loss of CIL. High RhoA activity has been associated with tumour invasion and our results are consistent with loss of heterotypic CIL playing a role.
Negotiating domestic socialism with global capitalism: So-called tourist apartheid in Cuba
Authors: Mazzei Julie
Published: April 2012

In the 1990s the Cuban government instituted a “dual economy,” creating a dollar economy parallel to the peso economy as part of the reform package designed to address economic crisis. Expansion of the tourism sector as a dollar industry was central to efforts to raise revenue, as Cuba began limited and regulated interaction with the global capitalist economy. In an effort to quarantine Cubans from capitalist inequities, citizens were prohibited from accessing tourist facilities other than as workers. Some have referred to this as “tourist apartheid.” This study finds that “apartheid” is not an accurate classification of the system in Cuba; rather, the policy is comparable to an economic “firewall” designed to allow regulated engagement with the international capitalist community, while preventing ingress of capitalism domestically.
The Political Thought of John Locke
Authors: Dunn John
Published: April 2012

This study provides a comprehensive reinterpretation of the meaning of Locke's political thought. John Dunn restores Locke's ideas to their exact context, and so stresses the historical question of what Locke in the Two Treatises of Government was intending to claim. By adopting this approach, he reveals the predominantly theological character of all Locke's thinking about politics and provides a convincing analysis of the development of Locke's thought. In a polemical concluding section, John Dunn argues that liberal and Marxist interpretations of Locke's politics have failed to grasp his meaning. Locke emerges as not merely a contributor to the development of English constitutional thought, or as a reflector of socio-economic change in seventeenth-century England, but as essentially a Calvinist natural theologian.
James Joyce, Ulysses, and the Construction of Jewish Identity
Authors: Davison Neil R. , Julius Anthony
Published: April 2012

Representations of 'the Jew' have long been a topic of interest in Joyce studies. Neil Davison argues that Joyce's lifelong encounter with pseudo-scientific, religious and political discourse about 'the Jew' forms a unifying component of his career. Davison offers new biographical material, and presents a detailed reading of Ulysses showing how Joyce draws on Christian folklore, Dreyfus Affair propaganda, Sinn Fein politics, and theories of Jewish sexual perversion and financial conspiracy. Throughout, Joyce confronts the controversy of 'race', the psychology of internalised stereotype, and the contradictions of fin-de-siècle anti-Semitism.
A Thousand Miles up the Nile
Authors: Edwards Amelia Ann Blanford
Published: April 2012

Amelia Edwards (1831–1892) was an English novelist, journalist and travel writer. In the winter of 1873–1874 she and her companion visited Egypt, travelling up the Nile from Cairo to Abu Simbel and back. Edwards became fascinated with ancient Egypt as a result of this visit, founding the Egypt Exploration Fund in 1882 and devoting the rest of her life to Egyptology and the protection of Egypt's ancient monuments. This volume, first published in 1876, contains Edwards' engaging description of her life-changing visit to Egypt. She vividly describes ancient sites and monuments which have since been damaged or destroyed, and provides sharp observations and descriptions of contemporary Egyptian society and culture. Her animated and witty stories of her experiences, combined with over sixty illustrations created during her journey, ensured the immense popularity of this volume, which remains a charming and fascinating description of nineteenth-century Egypt.
Notes upon Russia
Authors: Herberstein Sigismund von
Published: April 2012

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. This volume contains the first part of the account by Sigismund von Herberstein (1486–1566) of his visits to Russia in 1517 and 1526 as Ambassador of the Holy Roman Emperor. He published his Rerum Moscoviticarum Commentarii in Latin in 1549, and it is the earliest detailed Western description of the land and people of Russia. It is preceded in this 1851 translation by a set of letter-poems written to his friends by George Turberville, who visited Russia in 1568.
The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell
Authors: Maxwell James Clerk
Published: April 2012

The publication in 1890 of the two-volume Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, edited by W. D. Niven, was one of the two objects of a committee formed 'for the purpose of securing a fitting memorial of him' (the other object being the commissioning of a marble bust for the Cavendish Laboratory). Before his death in 1879 at the age of 48, Clerk Maxwell had made major contributions to many areas of theoretical physics and mathematics, not least his discoveries in the fields of electromagnetism and of the kinetic theory of gases, which have been regarded as laying the foundations of all modern physics. He is generally considered the third most important physicist of all time, after Newton and Einstein. These collected shorter works, beginning with a paper written at the age of 15, show the wide range of Clerk Maxwell's interests across mathematics, physics and chemistry.
Ceremonies of the University of Cambridge
Authors: Stokes H. P.
Published: April 2012

The formal ceremonies at Cambridge University can seem esoteric and baffling to newcomers and visitors. This 1926 publication answers questions including: what happens during the installation of the Chancellor of the University? What were the historical duties of the proctors? When and why did the square cap worn by the undergraduate originate? Who are the Esquire Bedells, and what is the traditional order at Degree Congregations? H. P. Stokes attends in turn to the main topics surrounding Cambridge traditions, including points of etiquette, historical origins, important personnel and academic dress. Clearly organised for ease of reference, the book is also illustrated throughout with historical photographs.
The Naval History of Great Britain
Authors: James William
Published: April 2012

William James (1780–1827) was a lawyer and naval historian best known for this magisterial history of the Royal Navy between 1793 and 1827. James began to research the role of the Royal Navy in the Revolutionary Wars, publishing five volumes between 1822 and 1824. This was expanded up to 1827 in later editions. In one of the most comprehensive histories of the Navy in the Napoleonic Wars ever published, James' rigorous research methodology using various contemporary sources provides detailed descriptions of the operations of the Royal Navy in the period. Fleet campaigns and minor engagements are discussed, with technical and tactical details of ships and battles also provided. These volumes (here reissued from the 1859 edition) remain an invaluable source of information for the history of the Royal Navy during this fascinating period. Volume 6 covers 1811–1827 and includes the War of 1812.
The Works of John Ruskin
Authors: Ruskin John
Published: April 2012

The influence of John Ruskin (1819–1900), both on his own time and on artistic and social developments in the twentieth century, cannot be over-stated. He changed Victorian perceptions of art, and was the main influence behind 'Gothic revival' architecture. As a social critic, he argued for the improvement of the condition of the poor, and against the increasing mechanisation of work in factories, which he believed was dull and soul-destroying. The thirty-nine volumes of the Library Edition of his works, published between 1903 and 1912, are themselves a remarkable achievement, in which his books and essays - almost all highly illustrated - are given a biographical and critical context in extended introductory essays and in the 'Minor Ruskiniana' - extracts from letters, articles and reminiscences both by and about Ruskin. This thirty-second volume contains 'Studies of Peasant Life'.
Matthew Boulton
Authors: Dickinson H. W.
Published: April 2012

This 1939 work gives deserved recognition to the achievements of the engineer and businessman Matthew Boulton. Boulton's importance has generally been overshadowed by that of his partner James Watt, but he was a significant figure in his own right, particularly in relation to the Soho Foundry and his production of coins and medals. He belonged to a network of highly significant men of the period, including Josiah Wedgwood, Erasmus Darwin and Benjamin Franklin, and was a founding member of the Lunar Society of Birmingham. An engineer by profession, H. W. Dickinson researched widely, and published highly readable works on the history of the steam engine, Watt, and Trevithick, also reissued in this series. He succeeds in producing a work which appeals to the scientist, the historian and the general reader, without feeling obliged to over-simplify the technical details.
The Ferns (Filicales)
Authors: Bower F. O.
Published: April 2012

Frederick Orpen Bower (1855–1948) was a renowned botanist best known for his research on the origins and evolution of ferns. Appointed Regius Professor of Botany at the University of Glasgow in 1885, he became a leading figure in the development of modern botany and the emerging field of paleobotany, devising the interpolation theory of the life cycle in land plants. First published between 1923 and 1928 as part of the Cambridge Botanical Handbook series, The Ferns was the first systematic classification of ferns according to anatomical, morphological and developmental features. In this three-volume work Bower analyses the major areas of comparison between different species, describes primitive and fossil ferns and compares these species to present-day fern species, providing a comprehensive description of the order. Volume 1 describes and analyses the features of ferns which Bower uses in his system of classification.
Algae
Authors: West G. S.
Published: April 2012

George Stephen West (1876–1919) was a prominent British botanist specialising in freshwater algae. In 1906 he became a lecturer in botany at the University of Birmingham and was later appointed the Mason Professor of Botany. This volume was first published in 1916 as the first of the Cambridge Botanical Handbooks series and provides a description of both marine and freshwater algae in the Myxophyceae, Peridinieae, Bacillarieae and Chlorophyceae classes. West describes the habitat, biological conditions, distribution, internal and external structures and life history of these algae in great detail, with a bibliography concluding each chapter. The book provided the first detailed description of the Myxophyceae (or blue-green) class of algae, and provides an insight into knowledge and classification of algae at the time of publication. A second volume containing a full taxonomic account of freshwater algae was planned, but not published owing to the author's death in 1919.
Initia Amharica
Authors: Armbruster C. H.
Published: April 2012

C. H. Armbruster (1874–1957) was a civil servant in the Anglo-Sudan government and a linguist specialising in African languages. After visiting Ethiopia on diplomatic missions in 1906 and 1907 Armbruster published this three-volume reference work on colloquial, spoken Amharic between 1908 and 1920. Armbruster's study of Amharic was one of the first to be written in English, and exemplifies the shift among linguists away from the formal, classics-based style of earlier reference grammars towards a focus on colloquial speech and communication. His examples are drawn from direct knowledge of the contemporary language, unlike similar works of the period which were often based on centuries-old Ethiopian Orthodox biblical texts. Volume 1 is devoted to grammar. Armbruster provides an extensive discussion of the phonetics and phonology of the language and their relation to Amharic script together with explanations and examples of verb conjugations, syntax and sentence formation.
Tractatus de Globis et Eorum Usu
Authors: Hues Robert
Published: April 2012

The publications of the Hakluyt Society (founded in 1846) made available edited (and sometimes translated) early accounts of exploration. The first series, which ran from 1847 to 1899, consists of 100 books containing published or previously unpublished works by authors from Christopher Columbus to Sir Francis Drake, and covering voyages to the New World, to China and Japan, to Russia and to Africa and India. Robert Hues (1553–1632) was an English mathematician and geographer who published this work in 1594 to explain the use of the new terrestrial and celestial globes devised by Emery Molyneux in 1592. These were the first English manufactured globes and were popular with both navigators and students. The five parts of this book describe these globes and explain their use in calculating fundamental navigational points, providing valuable insights into their appearance and practical application in early sixteenth-century navigation.
Coptic Etymological Dictionary
Authors: Černý Jaroslav
Published: April 2012

Coptic was the language spoken in Egypt from late ancient times to the seventeenth century, when it was overtaken by Arabic as the national language. Derived from ancient Egyptian, the language of the hieroglyphs, it was written in an adapted form of Greek script. This dictionary lists about 2,000 Coptic words whose etymology has been established from ancient Egyptian and Greek sources, covering two-thirds of the known Coptic vocabulary and complementing W. E. Crum's 1939 Coptic Dictionary, still the standard in the field. The Egyptian forms are quoted in hieroglyphic and/or demotic forms. An appendix lists the etymologies of Coptic place-names. The final work of Czech Egyptologist Jaroslav Černý (1898–1970), Professor of Egyptology at Oxford, the Dictionary was brought through to publication by colleagues after his death.
Memorials
Authors: Crosse Cornelia
Published: April 2012

These Memorials of Andrew Crosse (1784–1855), published by his wife after his death, include his experiments, and some of his poetry and prose. After graduating from Brasenose College, Oxford, in 1805 (described in this volume as 'a perfect hell on earth'), he returned to his family's manor house where he studied electricity, chemistry, and mineralogy, and installed a mile and a quarter of insulated copper wire in his grounds. A controversial figure, Crosse was thorough in his approach to his scientific work, if somewhat unusual in his practice. In 1836 he famously conducted a series of experiments on electro-crystallization in which he noted an appearance of life forms, named Acarus, seemingly created in the metallic solutions which should have been destructive to organic life. This book recounts these experiments, and the public sensation that they gave rise to by their apparent suggestion of life created by electricity.
A Medical History of Persia and the Eastern Caliphate
Authors: Elgood Cyril
Published: April 2012

Published in 1951, this book presents a continuous history of the art and practice of medicine in Persia (Iran), from the earliest times to the twentieth century. Elgood's prefatory chapter defines the scope of the History, and informs the reader of his extensive resources - due to his knowledge of Persian and Arabic, he was able to study original manuscripts of medical historians in the Middle East. He also draws upon his own experiences, having lived and practised in Iran for many years. Packed with medical curiosities and little-known facts, the book describes the impact of Western medicine on Persia from the seventeenth century, and includes discussion of the status and lifestyle of women, and the high status and great influence of Persian doctors. Placing the story of medicine against the background of general Persian history, Elgood demonstrates the important part played by Persia in the world's history of medicine.
Travels in Northern Greece
Authors: Leake William Martin
Published: April 2012

William Martin Leake (1777–1860) was a British military officer and classical scholar specialising in reconstructing the topography of ancient cities. He was a founding member of the Royal Geographical Society and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1815. After his retirement in 1815, he devoted the rest of his life to topographical and classical studies. These volumes, first published in 1835, contain Leake's account of his four extensive journeys across Greece between 1804 and 1810. Using the form of a travelogue, Leake discusses the contemporary Greek and Turkish culture and provides detailed descriptions of ancient archaeological sites and geography. Leake's precise observations and detailed descriptions were influential in shaping the study of classical topography, with these volumes providing valuable information for the ancient sites and contemporary culture of the region. Volume 2 contains the conclusion of his travels in Boeotia and Attica in 1805–1806.
Ethnic Minority Migrants in Britain and France
Authors: Maxwell Rahsaan
Published: April 2012

This book addresses why some ethnic minority migrant groups have better economic and political integration outcomes than others. The central claim is that social integration leads to trade-offs with economic and political integration. The logic behind this claim is that socially segregated groups may have difficulties interacting with mainstream society but will have more capacity for group mobilization. That mobilization can improve economic and political integration. In comparison, socially integrated groups may have greater capacity to interact with mainstream society but also less likelihood of developing significant group mobilization resources. As a result, this can limit their economic and political integration outcomes. Rahsaan Maxwell develops this argument with evidence from Britain and France, claiming that similar group-level dynamics exist despite numerous national-level contextual differences, and provides a brief extension of the argument to The Netherlands and the United States.
Globalization and Global Justice
Authors: Hassoun Nicole
Published: April 2012

The face of the world is changing. The past century has seen the incredible growth of international institutions. How does the fact that the world is becoming more interconnected change institutions' duties to people beyond borders? Does globalization alone engender any ethical obligations? In Globalization and Global Justice, Nicole Hassoun addresses these questions and advances a new argument for the conclusion that there are significant obligations to the global poor. First, she argues that there are many coercive international institutions and that these institutions must provide the means for their subjects to avoid severe poverty. Hassoun then considers the case for aid and trade, and concludes with a new proposal for fair trade in pharmaceuticals and biotechnology. Globalization and Global Justice will appeal to readers in philosophy, politics, economics and public policy.
Mobile Pastoralism and the Formation of Near Eastern Civilizations
Authors: Porter Anne
Published: April 2012

In this book, Anne Porter explores the idea that mobile and sedentary members of the ancient world were integral parts of the same social and political groups in greater Mesopotamia during the period 4000 to 1500 BCE. She draws on a wide range of archaeological and cuneiform sources to show how networks of social structure, political and religious ideology, and everyday as well as ritual practice worked to maintain the integrity of those groups when the pursuit of different subsistence activities dispersed them over space. These networks were dynamic, shaping many of the key events and innovations of the time, including the Uruk expansion and the introduction of writing, so-called secondary state formation and the organization and operation of government, the literary production of the Third Dynasty of Ur and the first stories of Gilgamesh, and the emergence of the Amorrites in the second millennium BCE.
War and Society in Europe 1618–1648
Authors: Polisensky J. V.
Published: April 2012

The Thirty Years War was the central political and military encounter of the seventeenth century. It drew in virtually all of Europe, with the exception of England, and by 1650 no European country had entirely escaped the experience of violent conflict. Since the end of the Second World War historians in western and eastern Europe have been engaged in the task of reassuring the significance of the seventeenth century in general and the Thirty Years War in particular. They have formulated questions and attempted to answer them by using fresh sources. One especially rich depository is the archival system of Czechoslovakia. The seventeenth-century generals and diplomats of the Imperial side preserved masses of papers which usually found their way into family archives, many of them housed on Bohemian and Moravian landed estates. With the transfer of private archives into public hands after 1945, much new material became available to scholars. This volume surveys the process of historical rethinking and revision.
The Soviet Government and the Jews 1948–1967
Authors: Pinkus Benjamin
Published: April 2012

Provides the English reader with a comprehensive study, based on first-hand documentary material, of Soviet policy towards the Jews of the USSR from the Stalinist era, through to the interregnum (1953–7), the Khrushchev period and the 'collective leadership' of Brezhnev, Kosygin and Podgorny (1964–7). In 1948 the State of Israel was established with the support of the Soviet bloc. But the period 1948–53 (the so-called 'black years'), also witnessed the murder of the actor Shlomo Mikhoels, the closing of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, the liquidation of all Jewish cultural institutions, and the launching of the anti-cosmopolitan campaign and the 'Doctors' Plot'. After Stalin there were improvements in the policy towards the non-Russian nationalities, and even certain gestures of goodwill towards the Jewish population; but these proved to be more symbolic than substantive, and the Jews as individuals and as a national minority came to feel increasingly and inescapably trapped. Government restrictions, crude attacks on Judaism, Zionism, and on the State of Israel became regular features of the post-Stalin era.
Headhunting and the Body in Iron Age Europe
Authors: Armit Ian
Published: April 2012

Across Iron Age Europe the human head carried symbolic associations with power, fertility status, gender, and more. Evidence for the removal, curation and display of heads ranges from classical literary references to iconography and skeletal remains. Traditionally, this material has been associated with a Europe-wide 'head-cult', and used to support the idea of a unified Celtic culture in prehistory. This book demonstrates instead how headhunting and head-veneration were practised across a range of diverse and fragmented Iron Age societies. Using case studies from France, Britain and elsewhere, it explores the complex and subtle relationships between power, religion, warfare and violence in Iron Age Europe.
The Semantics of Colour
Authors: Biggam C. P.
Published: April 2012

Human societies name and classify colours in various ways. Knowing this, is it possible to retrieve colour systems from the past? This book presents the basic principles of modern colour semantics, including the recognition of basic vocabulary, subsets, specialised terms and the significance of non-colour features. Each point is illustrated by case studies drawn from modern and historical languages from around the world. These include discussions of Icelandic horses, Peruvian guinea-pigs, medieval roses, the colour yellow in Stuart England, and Polynesian children's colour terms. Major techniques used in colour research are presented and discussed, such as the evolutionary sequence, Natural Semantic Metalanguage and Vantage Theory. The book also addresses whether we can understand the colour systems of the past, including prehistory, by combining various semantic techniques currently used in both modern and historical colour research with archaeological and environmental information.
Oeuvres de Desargues
Authors: Desargues Gérard
Published: April 2012

The French mathematician and engineer Gérard Desargues (1591–1661) was one of the founders of projective geometry. Desargues' theorem is named in the honour of this prolific writer of treatises on geometry and its application to the arts and architecture. His important writings, which had been lost, were published in 1864 by the mathematician and scientific historian Noël-Germinal Poudra (1794–1894). Poudra's two-volume edition, republished here, reveals the major role played by Desargues in the scientific debates of the seventeenth century. It includes a biography of Desargues, in which Poudra discusses his role as architect, as well as his influence on famous scientists of his time including Pascal and Descartes. Volume 2 contains Poudra's analysis of the works of the engraver Abraham Bosse (1603–76), which develop some of Desargues' ideas. It also reproduces some of the - often critical - responses to Desargues' work by his contemporaries.
Memoirs of an American Lady
Authors: Grant Anne MacVicar
Published: April 2012

Originally published in 1808, this work had long been out of print before being revived in this 1876 edition, which is enhanced by a biography of the author by her godson. A poet, letter-writer and essayist, Anne Grant (1755–1838) lived in America between the ages of three and thirteen, after which her family returned to Scotland. Described by the author as a 'miscellany of description, observation and detail', the book paints a charming picture of New York life in the idyllic world of pre-revolutionary America. Grant blends memories of her childhood in Albany with biographical details of her friend Madame Schuyler, of whom she wrote 'whatever culture my mind received, I owe to her'. Greatly admired by Scott and Southey, the book provides sketches of New York life alongside anecdotes of the Indians. For more information on this author, see http://orlando.cambridge.org/protected/svPeople?formname=r&person_id=granan