bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Race, Place, and Context: The Persistence of Race Effects in Traffic Stop Outcomes in the Face of Situational, Demographic, and Political Controls
Authors: Shoub Kelsey , Epp Derek A. , Baumgartner Frank R. , Christiani Leah , Roach Kevin
Published: August 2020

Evidence that racial minorities are targeted for searches during police traffic stops is widespread, but observed differences in outcomes following a traffic stop between white drivers and people of color could potentially be due to factors correlated with driver race. Using a unique dataset recording over 5 million traffic stops from 90 municipal police departments, we control for and evaluate alternative explanations for why a driver may be searched. These include: (1) the context of the stop itself, (2) the characteristics of the police department including the race of the police chief, and (3) demographic and racial composition of the municipality within which the stop occurs. We find that the driver's race remains a robust predictor: black male drivers are consistently subjected to more intensive police scrutiny than white drivers. Additionally, we find that all drivers are less likely to be subject to highly discretionary searches if the police chief is black. Together, these findings indicate that race matters in multiple and varied ways for policing outcomes.
Managing Displaced Populations: The Friedland Transit Camp, Refugees, and Resettlement in Cold War Germany
Authors: Holmgren Derek
Published: August 2020

This article examines the resettlement of displaced populations in both postwar German states from 1945 to 1955. Specifically, it investigates who were the displaced populations circulating between the occupation zones, and what methods the German civil governments and occupying military authorities used to aid and resettle them. Through a case study of the Friedland refugee transit camp, this article argues for an expansive understanding of the term “refugee” to include more groups, ranging from Displaced Persons and German expellees to returning prisoners of war and civil internees. It further contends that transit camps were the linchpin in a system to render humanitarian aid, bring refugee movement under state control, and resettle the displaced. Analysis of camp operations and resident populations reveals the state as humanitarian actor in addition to international and charitable organizations, while also complicating the Cold War mythology of Friedland as the “Gateway to Freedom.”
Enjoying flow in primary school music making: does family musical practice matter?
Authors: Valenzuela Rafael , Codina Nuria , Vicente Pestana José
Published: August 2020

Given the differences in continuing musical after primary school, this study works with the idea that the development of music-making habits requires flow, which, in turn, depends on family musical practice. Flow is the state of mind of immersion in an intrinsically rewarding activity, which represents an optimal challenge fostering persistence and skill growth. Based on 164 students (82 girls) from six schools in Catalonia, we compared flow in primary school musical practice between students with high and low levels of family musical practice, concluding that family context should be considered in adapting musical activities to students’ previous experiences.
Effects of dexamethasone on growth, viability and ultrastructure of bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro
Authors: Barroso P.A.A. , Paulino L. R F.M. , Silva B.R. , Vasconcelos G.L. , Gomes D.S. , Lima Neto M.F. , Silva A.W.B. , Souza A.L.P. , Donato M.A.M. , Peixoto C.A. , Silva J.R.V.
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dexamethasone on development, viability, antrum formation and ultrastructural integrity of bovine secondary follicles cultured in vitro for 18 days. Bovine ovaries were obtained from slaughterhouses and secondary follicles of ~150–200 µm diameter were isolated and cultured in the laboratory in TCM-199+ alone or supplemented with different concentrations of dexamethasone (1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/ml). Follicle viability was evaluated after the culture period, using calcein-AM (viable) and ethidium homodimer (nonviable). Follicle diameters and antrum formation were evaluated at days 0, 6, 12 and 18. Before or after in vitro culture, follicles were fixed for histological and ultrastructural analysis. Follicle diameters were evaluated using analysis of variance and Kruskal–Wallis test, while chi-squared test was used to evaluate the percentage of viable follicles and antrum formation (P < 0.05). Follicles cultured for 6 days with all treatments increased their diameters significantly, but there was no significant difference between treatments at the end of the culture period. In vitro cultured follicles showed antral cavity formation at the end of the culture period, but no influence of dexamethasone was seen. Ultrastructural analysis showed that follicles cultured with dexamethasone (1, 10, 100 and 1000 ng/ml) had well preserved granulosa cells. However, oocytes from follicles cultured with 10, 100 or 1000 ng/ml dexamethasone showed signs of degeneration. It can be concluded that follicles cultured in vitro in the presence of dexamethasone demonstrated continuous in vitro growth, but oocytes from follicles cultured with 10, 100 or 1000 ng/ml dexamethasone had poor ultrastructure.
Event Trees and Epistemic Uncertainty in Long‐Term Volcanic Hazard Assessment of Rift Volcanoes: The Example of Aluto (Central Ethiopia)
Authors: Tierz P. , Clarke B. , Calder E. S. , Dessalegn F. , Lewi E. , Yirgu G. , Fontijn K. , Crummy J. M. , Bekele Y. , Loughlin S. C.
Published: August 2020

Aluto is a peralkaline rhyolitic caldera located in a highly populated area in central Ethiopia. Its postcaldera eruptive activity has mainly consisted of self‐similar, pumice‐cone‐building eruptions of varying size and vent location. These eruptions are explosive, generating hazardous phenomena that could impact proximal to distal areas from the vent. Volcanic hazard assessments in Ethiopia and the East African Rift are still limited in number. In this study, we develop an event tree model for Aluto volcano. The event tree is doubly useful: It facilitates the design of a conceptual model for the volcano and provides a framework to quantify volcanic hazard. We combine volcanological data from past and recent research at Aluto, and from a tool to objectively derive analog volcanoes (VOLCANS), to parameterize the event tree, including estimates of the substantial epistemic uncertainty. Results indicate that the probability of a silicic eruption in the next 50 years is highly uncertain, ranging from 2% to 35%. This epistemic uncertainty has a critical influence on event‐tree estimates for other volcanic events, like the probability of occurrence of pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) in the next 50 years. The 90% credible interval for the latter is 5–16%, considering only the epistemic uncertainty in conditional eruption size and PDC occurrence, but 2–23% when adding the epistemic uncertainty in the probability of eruption in 50 years. Despite some anticipated challenges, we envisage that our event tree could be translated to other rift volcanoes, making it an important tool to quantify volcanic hazard in Ethiopia and elsewhere.
A hierarchically ordered compacted coil scaffold for tissue regeneration
Authors: Su Yingchun , Zhang Zhongyang , Wan Yilin , Zhang Yifan , Wang Zegao , Klausen Lasse Hyldgaard , Huang Peng , Dong Mingdong , Han Xiaojun , Cui Bianxiao , Chen Menglin
Published: August 2020

Hierarchically ordered scaffold has a great impact on cell patterning and tissue engineering. The introduction of controllable coils into a scaffold offers an additional unique structural feature compared to conventional linear patterned scaffolds and can greatly increase interior complexity and versatility. In this work, 3D coil compacted scaffolds with hierarchically ordered patterns and tunable coil densities created using speed-programmed melt electrospinning writing (sMEW) successfully led to in vitro cell growth in patterns with tunable cell density. Subcutaneous implantation in mice showed great in vivo biocompatibility, as evidenced by no significant increase in tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in mouse serum. In addition, a lumbar vertebra was successfully printed for mesenchymal stem cells to grow in the desired pattern. A long-range patterned matrix composed of programmable short-range compacted coils enabled the design of complex structures, e.g., for tailored implants, by readily depositing short-range coil-compacted secondary architectures along with customized primary design.
The effect of vitamin D on fibroblast growth factor 23: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zittermann Armin , Berthold Heiner K. , Pilz Stefan
Published: August 2020

The phosphaturic hormone fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a risk marker of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We therefore aimed to synthesize the evidence for the effect of vitamin D administration on circulating FGF23 concentrations. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs) in several databases from inception to January 2020. A total of 73 records were identified for full-text review, and 21 articles with 23 studies were included in the final analysis. The selected studies included 1925 participants with 8–156 weeks of follow-up. The weighted mean difference in FGF23 in the vitamin D versus placebo group was +21 pg/ml (95% CI: 13–28 pg/ml;P < 0.001) with considerable heterogeneity among studies (I2 = 99%). The FGF23 increment was higher in patients with end-stage kidney/heart failure than in other individuals (+300 pg/ml [95% CI: 41–558 pg/ml] vs. +20 pg/ml [95% CI: 12–28 pg/ml],Pinteraction = 0.03), and if baseline 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations were <50 nmol/l instead of ≥50 nmol/l (+34 pg/ml [95% CI: 18–51 pg/ml] vs. +9 pg/ml [95% CI: 3–14 pg/ml];Pinteraction = 0.002). Moreover, the FGF23 increment was influenced by vitamin D dose/type (vitamin D dose equivalent ≤ 2000 IU/day: +2 pg/ml [95% CI: 0–3 pg/ml]; vitamin D dose equivalent > 2000 IU/day: +18 pg/ml [95% CI: 6–30 pg/ml]; administration of activated vitamin D: +67 pg/ml [95% CI: 16–117 pg/ml];Pinteraction = 0.001). Results were not significantly influenced by study duration (Pinteraction = 0.14), age class (Pinteraction = 0.09), or assay provider (Pinteraction = 0.11). In conclusion, this meta-analysis of RCTs demonstrates that vitamin D administration of >2000 IU/d vitamin D or activated vitamin D significantly increased concentrations of the cardiovascular risk marker FGF23, especially in patients with end-stage kidney/heart failure.
Refinement of pore size at sub-angstrom precision in robust metal–organic frameworks for separation of xylenes
Authors: Li Xiaolin , Wang Juehua , Bai Nannan , Zhang Xinran , Han Xue , da Silva Ivan , Morris Christopher G. , Xu Shaojun , Wilary Damian M. , Sun Yinyong , Cheng Yongqiang , Murray Claire A. , Tang Chiu C. , Frogley Mark D. , Cinque Gianfelice , Lowe Tristan , Zhang Haifei , Ramirez-Cuesta Anibal J. , Thomas K. Mark , Bolton Leslie W. , Yang Sihai , Schröder Martin
Published: August 2020

The demand for xylenes is projected to increase over the coming decades. The separation of xylene isomers, particularly p- and m-xylenes, is vital for the production of numerous polymers and materials. However, current state-of-the-art separation is based upon fractional crystallisation at 220 K which is highly energy intensive. Here, we report the discrimination of xylene isomers via refinement of the pore size in a series of porous metal–organic frameworks, MFM-300, at sub-angstrom precision leading to the optimal kinetic separation of all three xylene isomers at room temperature. The exceptional performance of MFM-300 for xylene separation is confirmed by dynamic ternary breakthrough experiments. In-depth structural and vibrational investigations using synchrotron X-ray diffraction and terahertz spectroscopy define the underlying host–guest interactions that give rise to the observed selectivity (p-xylene < o-xylene < m-xylene) and separation factors of 4.6–18 for p- and m-xylenes.
Single cell transcriptomics identifies a signaling network coordinating endoderm and mesoderm diversification during foregut organogenesis
Authors: Han Lu , Chaturvedi Praneet , Kishimoto Keishi , Koike Hiroyuki , Nasr Talia , Iwasawa Kentaro , Giesbrecht Kirsten , Witcher Phillip C. , Eicher Alexandra , Haines Lauren , Lee Yarim , Shannon John M. , Morimoto Mitsuru , Wells James M. , Takebe Takanori , Zorn Aaron M.
Published: August 2020

Visceral organs, such as the lungs, stomach and liver, are derived from the fetal foregut through a series of inductive interactions between the definitive endoderm (DE) and the surrounding splanchnic mesoderm (SM). While DE patterning is fairly well studied, the paracrine signaling controlling SM regionalization and how this is coordinated with epithelial identity is obscure. Here, we use single cell transcriptomics to generate a high-resolution cell state map of the embryonic mouse foregut. This identifies a diversity of SM cell types that develop in close register with the organ-specific epithelium. We infer a spatiotemporal signaling network of endoderm-mesoderm interactions that orchestrate foregut organogenesis. We validate key predictions with mouse genetics, showing the importance of endoderm-derived signals in mesoderm patterning. Finally, leveraging these signaling interactions, we generate different SM subtypes from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), which previously have been elusive. The single cell data can be explored at: https://research.cchmc.org/ZornLab-singlecell.
RNA-binding proteins Musashi and tau soluble aggregates initiate nuclear dysfunction
Authors: Montalbano Mauro , McAllen Salome , Puangmalai Nicha , Sengupta Urmi , Bhatt Nemil , Johnson Omar D. , Kharas Michael G. , Kayed Rakez
Published: August 2020

Oligomeric assemblies of tau and the RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) Musashi (MSI) are reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the role of MSI and tau interaction in their aggregation process and its effects are nor clearly known in neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we investigated the expression and cellular localization of MSI1 and MSI2 in the brains tissues of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) as well as in the wild-type mice and tau knock-out and P301L tau mouse models. We observed that formation of pathologically relevant protein inclusions was driven by the aberrant interactions between MSI and tau in the nuclei associated with age-dependent extracellular depositions of tau/MSI complexes. Furthermore, tau and MSI interactions induced impairment of nuclear/cytoplasm transport, chromatin remodeling and nuclear lamina formation. Our findings provide mechanistic insight for pathological accumulation of MSI/tau aggregates providing a potential basis for therapeutic interventions in neurodegenerative proteinopathies.
A panel of human neutralizing mAbs targeting SARS-CoV-2 spike at multiple epitopes
Authors: Noy-Porat Tal , Makdasi Efi , Alcalay Ron , Mechaly Adva , Levy Yinon , Bercovich-Kinori Adi , Zauberman Ayelet , Tamir Hadas , Yahalom-Ronen Yfat , Israeli Ma’ayan , Epstein Eyal , Achdout Hagit , Melamed Sharon , Chitlaru Theodor , Weiss Shay , Peretz Eldar , Rosen Osnat , Paran Nir , Yitzhaki Shmuel , Shapira Shmuel C. , Israely Tomer , Mazor Ohad , Rosenfeld Ronit
Published: August 2020

The novel highly transmissible human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus far, there is no approved therapeutic drug specifically targeting this emerging virus. Here we report the isolation and characterization of a panel of human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain (RBD). These antibodies were selected from a phage display library constructed using peripheral circulatory lymphocytes collected from patients at the acute phase of the disease. These neutralizing antibodies are shown to recognize distinct epitopes on the viral spike RBD. A subset of the antibodies exert their inhibitory activity by abrogating binding of the RBD to the human ACE2 receptor. The human monoclonal antibodies described here represent a promising basis for the design of efficient combined post-exposure therapy for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Predicting distant metastasis and chemotherapy benefit in locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Liu Zhenyu , Meng Xiaochun , Zhang Hongmei , Li Zhenhui , Liu Jiangang , Sun Kai , Meng Yankai , Dai Weixing , Xie Peiyi , Ding Yingying , Wang Meiyun , Cai Guoxiang , Tian Jie
Published: August 2020

Distant metastasis (DM) is the main cause of treatment failure in locally advanced rectal cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy is usually used for distant control. However, not all patients can benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, and particularly, some patients may even get worse outcomes after the treatment. We develop and validate an MRI-based radiomic signature (RS) for prediction of DM within a multicenter dataset. The RS is proved to be an independent prognostic factor as it not only demonstrates good accuracy for discriminating patients into high and low risk of DM in all the four cohorts, but also outperforms clinical models. Within the stratified analysis, good chemotherapy efficacy is observed for patients with pN2 disease and low RS, whereas poor chemotherapy efficacy is detected in patients with pT1–2 or pN0 disease and high RS. The RS may help individualized treatment planning to select patients who may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy for distant control.
Publisher Correction: Cosmogenic exposure dating reveals limited long-term variability in erosion of a rocky coastline
Authors: Swirad Zuzanna M. , Rosser Nick J. , Brain Matthew J. , Rood Dylan H. , Hurst Martin D. , Wilcken Klaus M. , Barlow John
Published: August 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Catalytic Conversion of Fossil and Renewable Fuel Resources: Approaches Using Sub and Supercritical Water as a Reaction Medium
Authors: Arcelus-Arrillaga P. , Pinilla J. L. , Millan M.
Published: August 2020

Access to energy is one of the main challenges society will face in the decades to come. Liquid fuels are expected to remain one of the main sources of energy, despite the depletion of conventional fossil fuel reserves. The development of cleaner technologies to transform unconventional energy resources such as heavy oil, biomass and organic residues into fuels is crucial to meeting the world’s future energy demand. Water in hydrothermal conditions near or above the critical point can provide an efficient route to obtain fuels from unconventional sources in a clean and efficient way. For instance, due to its particular physicochemical properties, near-critical water and supercritical water are considered excellent solvents for catalytic organic chemical reactions. In hydrothermal processes, the addition of a catalyst has the purpose of increasing rates of reaction and product yields, suppressing the formation of solids, reducing re-polymerization of intermediate species and promoting cracking reactions. Successful implementation of catalytic processes in hydrothermal conditions requires the development of highly active catalysts that are stable under these conditions without deactivation. In this work, a thorough review of the literature on the application of catalytic hydrothermal processes for the conversion and upgrading of fossil and renewable unconventional fuel resources is presented.
Catalysis in Modern Bio-refineries: Towards a New Bio-energy Paradigm
Authors: Yu Jie
Published: August 2020

Today, the conversion of biomass in sub- or super-critical water has been extensively studied to produce liquid fuels or synthesis gas (syngas). Given the extreme conditions of water at high pressure and temperature, along with the complex structure of biomass, the development of such processes remains a challenge. In order to realize the complete decomposition of biomass and a high yield of desired products, such as CH4 and H2, at relatively mild conditions, various catalysts have been synthesized and employed. Different metals (such as Cr, Ni, Zn, Ru and Rh) have been incorporated into various supports, such as mineral compounds of Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2, MgO, Y2O3, CeO2, silica-alumina, zeolites and carbon-based supports (e.g. carbon nanotubes, activated carbon). The stability of various support materials and the function of active metals have been extensively tested to obtain an ideal catalyst support. Therefore, this chapter focuses on the discussion of the catalytic gasification of biomass in supercritical water using heterogeneous catalysts. The stability of the catalyst support, the mechanism of cracking, the methanation and water gas shift reaction of intermediates over catalysts and the deactivation of catalysts in supercritical water are discussed.
Unravelling the effect of sulfur vacancies on the electronic structure of the MoS2 crystal
Authors: Zhang Xixia , Wang Shanpeng , Lee Chao-Kuei , Cheng Cheng-Maw , Lan Jia-Chi , Li Xinru , Qiao Jie , Tao Xutang
Published: August 2020

Unravelling the effect of sulfur vacancies in MoS2 and clear observation of the occupied defect state induced by sulfur vacancies.
Patterned, anti-fouling membrane with controllable wettability for ultrafast oil/water separation and liquid–liquid extraction
Authors: Wang Zhecun , Yang Jianlin , Song Shiyu , Guo Jing , Zheng Jifu , Sherazi Tauqir A. , Li Shenghai , Zhang Suobo
Published: August 2020

A novel liquid-infused patterned porous membrane system exhibits excellent interfacial floatability at the oil–water interface as a separator, providing high performance and convenient separation of liquids.
Ionicity-dependent proton-coupled electron transfer of supramolecular self-assembled electroactive heterocycles
Authors: Ng Kendrick K. L. , Devlia Reema , Foss Nichola L. , Alesbrook Luke S. , Hiscock Jennifer R. , Murray Alexander T.
Published: August 2020

Herein, we investigate the electrochemical properties of a class of Supramolecular Self-associated Amphiphilic salts (SSAs).
Ultrahigh purity CaCO3 whiskers derived from the enhanced diffusion of carbonate ions from a larger liquid–gas interface through porous quartz stones
Authors: Li Qinglei , Dai Zhengguan , Shang Dengkui , Yin Chong , Du Piyi , Wang Zongrong , Zhou Chunhua , Yin Cailiu
Published: August 2020

A larger liquid–gas interface area during the carbonation process for preparing high-purity aragonite CaCO3 whiskers by using porous quartz stones was developed.
One-pot microwave-hydrothermally synthesized carbon nanotube-cerium oxide nanocomposites for enhanced visible photodegradation of acid orange 7
Authors: Jiang Heyun , Ge Shengsong , Zhang Yu , Liu Mei , Zhang Jiaoxia , Lin Jing , Dong Mengyao , Wang Junxiang , Guo Zhanhu
Published: August 2020

CNTs/CeO2 nanocomposites prepared by a microwave hydrothermal method exhibited enhanced photocatalytic properties.
The room temperature inflection of magnetism and anomalous thermoelectric power in lacunar compounds of La0.85−xBixK0.15MnO3
Authors: Mendonca Lozil Denzil , Murari M. S. , Daivajna Mamatha D.
Published: August 2020

This study focuses on the effects of the substitution of a nonmagnetic ion on the structure, magnetism, and thermoelectric power of binary La0.85−xBixK0.15MnO3 (x = 0, 0.15, 0.3) manganites synthesized via a ceramic route.
A systematic model study quantifying how conical intersection topography modulates photochemical reactions
Authors: Farfan Camille A. , Turner Daniel B.
Published: August 2020

Conical intersection topography plays an essential role in excited-state photochemistry. Here, topography is modified systematically to quantify its effects on photochemical reaction rates, reactant recovery, and photoproduct yield.
Replacement strategies for non-green dipolar aprotic solvents
Authors: Gao Feng , Bai Rongxian , Ferlin Francesco , Vaccaro Luigi , Li Minghao , Gu Yanlong
Published: August 2020

Despite their wide use in many fields, common dipolar aprotic solvents are urged to be replaced because of their detrimental effects on health and environment. Therefore, green replacement strategies in synthesis have been summarized.
Fabrication of corncob-derived biomass charcoal decorated g-C3N4photocatalysts for removing 2-mercaptobenzothiazole
Authors: Yu Xiuna , Liu Zhixiang , Wang Yemei , Luo Hongyu , Tang Xu
Published: August 2020

Insights into active sites and charge transport behavior are challenging topics for fabricating composite photocatalysts and investigating their photocatalytic degradation reaction mechanisms.
Highly tunable anisotropic co-deformation of black phosphorene superlattices
Authors: Miao Jianxiong , Chen Shujian , Zhang Qianhui , Jiang Jinyang , Duan Wenhui
Published: August 2020

Intercalated amphiphiles provide a new mechanism for tuning the band structure and electrical properties of phosphorene superlattices.
Der Placeboeffekt in der Schmerztherapie – für den
klinischen Alltag nutzbar? Ja, unbedingt!
Authors: Kleine-Borgmann Julian , Bingel Ulrike
Published: August 2020

Als Placeboeffekte bezeichnet man positive physiologische oder psychologische
Veränderungen, die nach einer Einnahme von Medikamenten ohne
spezifischen Wirkstoff oder Scheineingriffen auftreten und durch Erwartungs- und
Konditionierungsprozesse induziert werden. Die mit Placeboeffekten
einhergehenden neurobiologischen und peripher-physiologischen Vorgänge
können auch bei der Vergabe von wirkstoffhaltigen Medikamenten eine
wichtige Rolle spielen und sind somit nicht zwingend an die Gabe eines
Scheinmedikamentes gebunden. Die Darreichung von
„traditionellen“ Placebos ist im klinischen Alltag aus
juristischen und ethischen Gründen höchst problematisch. Dieser
Beitrag zeigt neben neuen Erkenntnissen zu offenen Placebo-Anwendungen
(Open-Label Placebos) Wege auf, wie die zugrundeliegenden Mechanismen von
Placeboantworten dennoch gezielt im schmerztherapeutischen Alltag genutzt werden
können, um die Wirksamkeit, Verträglichkeit und Compliance
bestehender pharmakologischer und anderer Therapien zum Wohle des Patienten zu
optimieren.
Independent Risk Factors for Impaired Early Outcome after Isolated Ankle Fracture – A Multivariate Analysis and Prognostic Models
Authors: Kaltenborn Alexander , Bullok Michael , Schulze Christoph , Hoffmann Sebastian , Springer Peter , Heppner Stefan , Barthel Christian , Gutcke André
Published: August 2020

Background Ankle fractures are common operative indications in orthopedic surgery. Their incidence is increasing.

Objectives To identify independent risk factors and to develop prognostic models for the prediction of prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS) and the onset of postoperative complications.

Materials and Methods This is a single-center, retrospective, observational study analyzing data of 154 consecutive, isolated, surgically treated ankle fractures. Multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was applied to identify significant independent risk factors. The validity and clinical applicability of the developed prognostic models was assessed with ROC-curve analysis (ROC: Receiver Operating Characteristic). Internal validation of prognostic models was performed with randomized backwards bootstrapping.

Results The median LOS was 7 days. 50 patients (33%) had a longer LOS. 13% of operated patients had a postoperative complication (n = 20). Independent preoperative risk factors for prolonged length of stay were leukocytosis (p = 0.020; OR: 1.211), an increased CRP-level (p = 0.005; OR: 1.901), as well as a bi- (p = 0.002; OR: 15.197) or trimalleolar (p = 0.001; OR: 10.678) fracture type. Immediate operative therapy was an independent beneficial factor (p < 0.001; OR: 0.070). The onset of complications was associated significantly with diabetes mellitus (p = 0.004; OR: 9.903) and an elevated ASA score (p = 0,004; OR: 3.574). The developed prognostic models for the prediction of prolonged LOS (AUROC: 0.736) and postoperative complications (AUROC: 0.724) had a good clinical validity and were internally validated.

Conclusion The current data pronounce the importance of preoperative laboratory works. Furthermore, co-morbidities play a major role in the prognosis of outcome. The developed prognostic models are able to reliably predict the outcome and enable the preoperative identification of high-risk patients.
Influence of a Pre-throwing Protocol on Range of Motion and Strength
in Baseball Athletes
Authors: Downs Jessica , Wasserberger Kyle , Oliver Gretchen D.
Published: August 2020

Though chronic overhand throwing is known to result in range of motion and
strength adaptations, there is limited research regarding interventions for
maintenance of these characteristics. Therefore, the purposes of this study were
to explore the use of a pre-throwing protocol focusing on lumbopelvic-hip
complex musculature in high school baseball players and examine its effects on
shoulder and hip range of motion and isometric strength over the course of a
season. Four exercises were added to the intervention team’s warm-up
routine. The control and intervention teams’ passive bilateral hip and
shoulder range of motion and isometric strength were assessed
pre/post-season. A multivariate analysis of variance revealed
significant differences in delta scores between the teams for multiple shoulder
and hip range of motion and isometric strength variables. Key results were the
intervention team lost significantly more stride hip external rotation but
gained more isometric strength than the control team. The intervention team was
also able to better maintain shoulder range of motion than the control team.
Practitioners should use the results of this study and consider incorporating
exercises that target lumbopelvic-hip complex musculature into their current
training program.
Ameliorating Effects of Dorema ammoniacum on PTZ-Induced Seizures and Epileptiform Brain Activity in Rats
Authors: Abizadeh Marzieh , Heysieattalab Soomaayeh , Saeedi Negin , Hosseinmardi Narges , Janahmadi Mahyar , Salari Farhad , Golpayegani Seyed Mehdi , Shojaii Asie
Published: August 2020

The objective of the current study was to investigate the anti-epileptogenic and anticonvulsant effects of Dorema ammoniacum gum, which is used in Iranian traditional medicine for the treatment of seizures. Animals received pentylenetetrazol (IP, 30 mg/kg/48 h) for inducing seizures. Five different seizure stages were evaluated for 20 min and parameters including maximum seizure stage, the latency to the onset of stage 4, stage 4 duration, and seizure duration were measured. D. ammoniacum (50 and 100 mg/kg) or its vehicle was administered 30 min before or after pentylenetetrazol injection in different groups. In addition, the effective dose of D. ammoniacum (100 mg/kg) on different seizure stages was compared with the common antiseizure drug phenobarbital. In another set of experiments, we investigated the effective dose of D. ammoniacum on fully kindled animals in which an interictal electroencephalogram was recorded by superficial electrodes
placed on the skull. The results showed that D. ammoniacum administration, before and after pentylenetetrazol injections, significantly decreased seizure stage, seizure duration, stage 4 duration, and 1/stage 4 latency. The anti-epileptogenic effect of D. ammoniacum was about 50 to 60% of phenobarbital. In addition, D. ammoniacum significantly decreased seizure stage, seizure duration, stage 4 duration, and 1/stage 4 latency when administered to fully kindled animals but had no effect on the power of EEG sub-bands. These results indicate that D. ammoniacum has anti-epileptogenic and anticonvulsant effects in a chemical kindling model of seizures.
Chemical Ecology in Insect-microbe Interactions in the Neotropics
Authors: Menegatti Carla , Fukuda Taise T. H. , Pupo Mônica T.
Published: August 2020

Small molecules frequently mediate symbiotic interactions between microorganisms and their hosts. Brazil harbors the highest diversity of insects in the world; however, just recently, efforts have been directed to deciphering the chemical signals involved in the symbioses of microorganisms and social insects. The current scenario of natural products research guided by chemical ecology is discussed in this review. Two groups of social insects have been prioritized in the studies, fungus-farming ants and stingless bees, leading to the identification of natural products involved in defensive and nutritional symbioses. Some of the compounds also present potential pharmaceutical applications as antimicrobials, and this is likely related to their ecological roles. Microbial symbioses in termites and wasps are suggested promising sources of biologically active small molecules. Aspects related to public policies for insect biodiversity preservation are also highlighted.
Vergütung für veranlasste Leistungen außerhalb des Krankenhauses
Authors: Häser Isabel
Published: August 2020

Eine vom liquidationsberechtigten Chefarzt im Rahmen einer Wahlleistungsvereinbarung veranlassten Behandlung eines Arztes außerhalb des Krankenhauses zählt vergütungsrechtlich zur stationären Krankenhausbehandlung.
Large-Scale Synthesis of 2-Chlorotetrahydroquinoline and 2-Chlorotetrahydroquinolin-8-one
Authors: Jin Liqun , Hu Xinquan , Zong Zhijian , Wu Ke , Sun Nan , Hu Baoxiang , Shen Zhenlu
Published: August 2020

An efficient large-scale preparation of 2-chlorotetrahydroquinoline with cyclohexanone and benzylamine as starting materials was developed and well optimized, in which benzyl-protected enamide was successfully cyclized and benzyl group was directly removed under Vilsmeier conditions. Azeotropic distillation provided 264 g of 2-chlorotetrahydroquinoline (79%) on a 2 mol scale of reaction without intermediate isolation. The downstream product 2-chlorotetrahydroquinolin-8-one was acquired through Boekelheide rearrangement, hydrolysis of acetate via NaBH4 reduction, and Anelli oxidation. With the developed procedure, the intermediates were not necessary to be isolated and 2-chlorotetrahydroquinolin-8-one was conveniently obtained with solvent slurry in 65% overall isolated yield in a four-step sequence.
Concise Synthesis of Furo[2,3-b]indolines via [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangement of N-Alkenyloxyindoles
Authors: Anderson Laura L. , Shevlin Michael , Strotman Neil A.
Published: August 2020

A concise new synthetic route to furo[2,3-b]indolines has been developed by taking advantage of the reactivity of N-alkenyloxyindole intermediates. These compounds spontaneously undergo [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement followed by cyclization to form hemiaminals as single diastereomers. Tin-promoted N-hydroxyindole formation followed by conjugate addition to activated alkynes provides simple and modular access to a diverse array of N-alkenyloxyindoles and their corresponding furo[2,3-b]indolines. Microscale high-throughput experimentation was used to facilitate investigation of the scope and tolerance of this transformation and related studies on the nucleophilic aromatic substitution and rearrangement of N-hydroxyindoles with halogenated arenes have also been evaluated.
An Additional Electrodiagnostic Tool for Ulnar Neuropathy: Mixed across the Elbow
Authors: Parkhurst Drew B. , Andary Michael T. , Powell John W.
Published: August 2020

Background Diagnosing ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) remains challenging despite guidelines from national organizations. Motor testing of hand intrinsic muscles remains a common diagnostic method fraught with challenges.

Objective The aim of the study is to demonstrate utility of an uncommon nerve conduction study (NCS), mixed across the elbow, when diagnosing UNE.

Methods Retrospective analysis of 135 patients, referred to an outpatient University-based electrodiagnostic laboratory with suspected UNE between January 2013 and June 2019 who had motor to abductor digiti minimi (ADM), motor to first dorsal interosseus (FDI), and mixed across the elbow NCS completed. To perform the mixed across the elbow NCS, the active bar electrode was placed 10-cm proximal to the medial epicondyle between the biceps and triceps muscle bellies. The median nerve was stimulated at the wrist followed by stimulation of the ulnar nerve at the ulnar styloid. The difference between peak latencies, labeled the ulnar-median mixed latency difference (U-MLD), was used to evaluate for correlation between the nerve conduction velocities (NCV) of ADM and FDI.

Results Pearson r-values = −0.479 and −0.543 (p < 0.00001) when comparing U-MLD to ADM and FDI NCV across the elbow, respectively. The negative r-value describes the inverse relationship between ulnar velocity across the elbow and increasing U-MLD.

Conclusion Mixed across the elbow has moderate–strong correlation with ADM and FDI NCV across the elbow. All three tests measure ulnar nerve function slightly differently. Without further prospective data, the most accurate test remains unclear. The authors propose some combination of the three tests may be most beneficial when diagnosing UNE.
Carbetocin versus Oxytocin for the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Cesarean Deliveries: A Retrospective Study of Two Consecutive Periods
Authors: Delorme Pierre , Kayem Gilles , Legardeur Hélène , Roux-Dessarps Louise Anne , Girard Guillaume , Meunier Geraldine , Keita Hawa , Mandelbrot Laurent
Published: August 2020

Objective The aim of the study is to investigate whether carbetocin prevents postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) more effectively than oxytocin

Methods This historical retrospective single-center cohort study compares women who underwent cesarean deliveries during two periods. During period A, oxytocin was used as a 10-unit bolus immediately after delivery, with 20 units thereafter infused for 24 hours. During period B, carbetocin in a single 100-µg injection replaced this protocol. The main outcome was PPH, defined as a decline in hemoglobin of more than 2 g/dL after the cesarean. The analysis was performed on the overall population and then stratified by the timing of the cesareans (before or during labor). A logistic regression analysis was performed.

Results This study included 1,796 women, 52% of whom had a cesarean before labor; 15% had a PPH. The crude PPH rate was lower in period B than in period A (13 vs. 17%, respectively, odds ratio 0.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.58–0.98). The difference was no longer significant in the multivariate analysis (adjusted odds ratio: 0.81, 95% CI 0.61–1.06). Results were similar when stratified by the timing of the cesareans (before or during labor).

Conclusion Carbetocin is not superior to oxytocin in preventing PPH. However, it does provide the advantage of requiring a single injection.
Factors Associated with Appropriate Gestational Weight Gain among Women with Obesity
Authors: Cozzi Gabriella D. , Blanchard Christina T. , Champion Macie L. , Todd Allison , Davis Margaret , Chandler-Laney Paula , Casazza Krista , Casey Brian M. , Tita Alan T. , Szychowski Jeff M. , Subramaniam Akila
Published: August 2020

Objective This study aimed to compare attendance of nutritional counseling, dietary composition, exercise patterns, and socioeconomic factors among obese women with inappropriate gestational weight gain (iGWG) versus appropriate GWG (aGWG).

Study Design Medicaid-eligible women receiving prenatal care at a tertiary care center from January 2013 to December 2015 were offered individualized nutritional counseling by a registered dietitian encouraging well-balanced meals and 150 min/wk of exercise. We conducted a prospective case–control study of obese women (body mass index or BMI ≥30) with a singleton gestation with iGWG (<11 or >20 pounds) versus aGWG (11–20 pounds). Dietary intake, activity level, and socioeconomic factors were compared with Chi-square, Fisher's exact, Student's t-test, and Wilcoxon Rank Sum tests as indicated, and odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Multivariate regression analysis for significant variables was performed. A subgroup analysis of women with BMI ≥40 was planned.

Results A total of 401 women were analyzed: 78% (n = 313) with iGWG and 22% (n = 88) with aGWG. Demographics were similar between groups. Women with iGWG less frequently reported physician reinforcement of counseling and reported more physical inactivity and unemployment; there were no differences in caloric intake or macronutrient profile between groups. Multivariate regression identified physician reinforcement and employment as independent predictors of aGWG. Among women with BMI ≥40 (n = 133), those with iGWG (78%) were less likely to attend counseling, report physician reinforcement of counseling, and have adequate caloric and protein intake when compared with those with aGWG (22%). Activity level and socioeconomic factors were not different between groups.

Conclusion Physician reinforcement of nutritional counseling, greater activity level, and employment are associated with aGWG in women with BMI ≥30, while individualized professional nutritional counseling and dietary modifications were further associated with aGWG in women with BMI ≥40. Thus, greater focus should be placed on enhancing exposure to counseling and altering nutritional and exercise choices to optimize aGWG.

Key Points
Toward Understanding the Value of Missing Social Determinants of Health Data in Care Transition Planning
Authors: Feldman Sue S. , Davlyatov Ganisher , Hall Allyson G.
Published: August 2020

Background Social determinants of health play an important role in the likelihood of readmission and therefore should be considered in care transition planning. Unfortunately, some social determinants that can be of value to care transition planners are missing in the electronic health record. Rather than trying to understand the value of data that are missing, decision makers often exclude these data. This exclusion can lead to failure to design appropriate care transition programs, leading to readmissions.

Objectives This article examines the value of missing social determinants data to emergency department (ED) revisits, and subsequent readmissions.

Methods A deidentified data set of 123,697 people (18+ years), with at least one ED visit in 2017 at the University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center was used. The dependent variable was all-cause 30-day revisits (yes/no), while the independent variables were missing/nonmissing status of the social determinants of health measures. Logistic regression was used to test the relationship between likelihood of revisits and social determinants of health variables. Moreover, relative weight analysis was used to identify relative importance of the independent variables.

Results Twelve social determinants were found to be most often missing. Of those 12, only “lives with” (alone or with family/friends) had higher odds of ED revisits. However, relative logistic weight analysis suggested that “pain score” and “activities of daily living” (ADL) accounted for almost 50% of the relevance for ED revisits when compared among all 12 variables.

Conclusion In the process of care transition planning, data that are documented are factored into the care transition plan. One of the most common challenges in health services practice is to understand the value of missing data in effective program planning. This study suggests that the data that are not documented (i.e., missing) could play an important role in care transition planning as a mechanism to reduce ED revisits and eventual readmission rates.
Development and Evaluation of a Fully Automated Surveillance System for Influenza-Associated Hospitalization at a Multihospital Health System in Northeast Ohio
Authors: Burke Patrick C. , Shirley Rachel Benish , Raciniewski Jacob , Simon James F. , Wyllie Robert , Fraser Thomas G.
Published: August 2020

Background Performing high-quality surveillance for influenza-associated hospitalization (IAH) is challenging, time-consuming, and essential.

Objectives Our objectives were to develop a fully automated surveillance system for laboratory-confirmed IAH at our multihospital health system, to evaluate the performance of the automated system during the 2018 to 2019 influenza season at eight hospitals by comparing its sensitivity and positive predictive value to that of manual surveillance, and to estimate the time and cost savings associated with reliance on the automated surveillance system.

Methods Infection preventionists (IPs) perform manual surveillance for IAH by reviewing laboratory records and making a determination about each result. For automated surveillance, we programmed a query against our Enterprise Data Vault (EDV) for cases of IAH. The EDV query was established as a dynamic data source to feed our data visualization software, automatically updating every 24 hours.

To establish a gold standard of cases of IAH against which to evaluate the performance of manual and automated surveillance systems, we generated a master list of possible IAH by querying four independent information systems. We reviewed medical records and adjudicated whether each possible case represented a true case of IAH.

Results We found 844 true cases of IAH, 577 (68.4%) of which were detected by the manual system and 774 (91.7%) of which were detected by the automated system. The positive predictive values of the manual and automated systems were 89.3 and 88.3%, respectively.

Relying on the automated surveillance system for IAH resulted in an average recoup of 82 minutes per day for each IP and an estimated system-wide payroll redirection of $32,880 over the four heaviest weeks of influenza activity.

Conclusion Surveillance for IAH can be entirely automated at multihospital health systems, saving time, and money while improving case detection.
The principle of residual symmetry of degenerate equilibrium states and the classification of order parameters of single-sublattice magnets with spin s = 3/2
Authors: Kovalevsky M. Yu. , Peletminsky S. V.
Published: August 2020

A classification of the equilibrium states of single-sublattice magnets with spin s = 3/2 and SU(4) symmetry of the exchange interaction is developed. The study is based on the concept of quasi-averages and the principle of residual symmetry of degenerate equilibrium states. The transformation properties of the magnetic degrees of freedom are used to derive a system of equations for the order parameters and to find their solutions. The equilibrium structure of these degrees of freedom is presented in terms of the parameters of the residual symmetry generator.
Theory of giant magnetocaloric effect in the shape memory alloy undergoing magnetostuctural phase transition
Authors: L’vov Victor A. , Kosogor Anna , Chernenko Volodymyr A.
Published: August 2020

The theory of the giant conventional and inverse magnetocaloric effects (MCEs) is advanced on the basis of the theory of magnetism developed by A. I. Akhiezer, V. G. Bar’yakhtar, and S. V. Peletminsky in the classic monograph “Spin Waves”. The MCE in the shape memory alloy undergoing the first-order phase transition from the cubic ferromagnetic (FM) phase to the tetragonal antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase is considered. The agreement between the theoretical results and existing experimental data is demonstrated. It is argued that the alloys undergoing the phase transition to AFM phases with weak exchange interaction between the magnetic sublattices are promising for use in the magnetic refrigeration technique. The possibility of observation of the giant MCE in the layered magnetic structure with weak spin-exchange coupling between the FM layers is discussed.