bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scarring Due to an Enuresis Blanket
Authors: Diez Felipe , Berger Timothy G.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 7‐year‐old boy was examined for cutaneous lesions that were localized to the side of the body on which he slept and occurred on skin in direct contact with an enuresis blanket. The painless skin lesions were similar to the punched‐out skin ulcers and atrophic scars reported in the British literature as buzzer ulcers. Exposure of the child's skin to electrical current may have produced the lesions, which ceased to appear when use of the enuresis blanket was discontinued.
Congenital Atrichia with Nail Dystrophy, Abnormal Facies, and Retarded Psychomotor Development in Two Siblings: A New Autosomal Recessive Syndrome?
Authors: Vogt Beate R. , Traupe Heiko , Hamm Henning
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We cared for two sisters, ages 3 and 4 years, who suffered from congenital atrichia. Scalp biopsies performed on both children revealed a marked atrophy of hair follicles with rudimentary hair shafts. The absence of peribulbar infiltrates ruled out alopecia areata. Dystrophy of all nails, distinctive facies, retarded psychomotor development, and a delay in speaking were additional symptoms. The unique combination of findings excludes wellestablished syndromes such as atrichia with papular lesions, GAPO syndrome, and dominant hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, as well as X‐linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. We therefore conclude that we may be dealing with a new genetic entity. The occurrence of the disorder in two siblings with unaffected parents suggests an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
Congenital Hypertrophy of the Lateral Nail Folds of the Hallux
Authors: Hammerton Marilyn D. , Shrank Alan B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: An infant developed overgrowths of the lateral nail folds of both halluces shortly after birth. These spontancously resolved during the first year of life.
Cockarde Nevus: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Guzzo Cynthia , Johnson Bernett , Honig Paul
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Benign acquired melanocytic nevi usually display an even and uniform architecture and coloration easily recognized by the dermatologist. The cockarde nevus, a variant of the melanocytic nevus, is an exception. It displays a targetlike morphology with histologic characteristics of a compound nevus. We believe because the lesion has been rarely reported in the American literature, it is often mistaken in this country for a dysplastic nevus.
A Very Aggressive Form of Facial Hemangioma
Authors: Rizzo R. , Micali G. , Incorpora G. , Paramo E. , Pavone L.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 3‐month‐old girl had a massive, particularly aggressive mixed hemangioma involving the right hemiface. with severe ulcerations of the ear lobe and nasal septum. She also showed cerebral anomalies consisting of cerebellar vermis agenesis and cerebellar right atrophy. Despite treatment with corticosteroids, the child died at age 4 months.
Percutaneous Absorption of Hydrocortisone During and After the Acute Phase of Dermatitis in Children
Authors: Turpeinen Markku , Lehtokoski‐Lehtiniemi Eeva , Leisti Seppo , Salo Osmo P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone was measured by a four hour absorption test in 16 children during and after the acute phase of dermatitis. In the acute phase, after the application of 1% hydrocortisone cream the increment in plasma cortisol ranged from 47 to 961 nmol per liter (median 248 nmol/L). After the acute phase the increment was significantly (P < 0.01< lower: range 18 to 241 nmol per liter (median 95 nmol/L). In addition to local effect, topical hydrocortisone therapy of childhood dermatitis is accompanied by a systemic effect that may be pronounced in the acute phase of disease. Convalescience is connected with a diminished systemic effect due to the restoration of the skin barrier to hydrocortisone.
Impetigo Contagiosa: A Comparison of Erythromycin and Dicloxacillin Therapy
Authors: Barton Leslie L. , Friedman Allan D. , Portilla Maria G.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: One hundrud patients with impetigo were prospectively enrolled in a study to determine the current ctiology and comparative therapeutic efficacy of two oral antimicrobial agents active against both group A β‐hemolylic streptocitcci (GABS) and Staphilococcus aureus. After obtainini; a bacterial culture from a representatne impeliginous lesion, rhe children uere randomi/cd to roeeive in days of eithcr erythromycin (40 mg/kg/day) or dictoxacillin (25 mg/ kg/day). S. aureus alone uas isolated from 46 children, and in associaiion with GABS from 25 children. GABS alone wa‐v isolated from nine patients, Of the 59 evahluable children with S. areus isolates. 28 of 29 treated with erythromycin and 29 of 30 treated with dicioxaeillin were cured or improved on follow‐up examination. Thus, ue conclude Uiat erythromycin is the drug of choice for impetigo in our miiKvesiern loeale because of its high efficiency and relatively low cost.
Childhood Self‐Healing Histiocytosis X
Authors: Pujol Ramon M. , Moreno Abelardo , Lopez David , Alomar Agustin , de Moragas Jose M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 6‐month‐old boy had histiocytosis X limited to the skin and oral mucosa. which regressed spontaneously over a period of six months. We review the subsets of autoinvolutive histiocytosis X with special emphasis on the dermatologic manifestations. Childhood self‐healing histiocytosis X is a benign condition that should be differentiated from self‐healing reticulohistiocytosis (Hashimoto‐Pritzker type).
Crohn's Disease of the Vulva in an 8‐year‐old Girl
Authors: Lally Margaret R. , Orenstein Susan R. , Cohen Bernard A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: An 8‐year‐old girl had Crohn's disease of the vulva 16 months before the onset of intestinal symptoms. At the time of diagnosis she had no evidence of systemic disease. Cutaneous and intestinal lesions responded rapidly to cor ticosteroids and metronidazole. Crohn's disease must be considered in the dif ferential diagnosis of nontender, red, edematous plaques of the genital area.
Recurrent Subepidermal Calcified Nodule of the Nose
Authors: Plott Todd , Wiss Karen , Raimer Sharon S. , Solomon Alvin R.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A form of idiopathic calcinosis cutis, subepidermal calcified nodule (SCN). recurred twice on the nasal ala of a healthy 6‐year‐old girl whose serum calcium and phosphorus levels were within normal limits. Basophilic granular material and numerous mast cells were present in the superticial dermis. The pathogenesis of SCN is uncertain, but the clinical and histologic features of this lesion are distinctive.
Twenty Nail Dystrophy in Identical Twins
Authors: Commens Chris A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Twelve‐year‐old identical femaie twins have had lifelong twenty nail dystrophy. There is no evidence of other skin disorders. The condition has remamed unchanged and has been unresponsive to a wide range of therapies. The benign clinical course of their nail disorder suggests twenty nail dystrophy may not be related to iichen planus or other cutaneous diseases. One of the causes of twenty nail dystrophy of childhood may be a localized tissue malfor mation, analogous to inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal naevus.
Extraskeletal Ewing's Sarcoma of the Scalp
Authors: Suster Saul , Ronnen Meyer , Huszar Monika
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 15‐year‐old boy had an extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma arising in the soft tissues of the scalp. The tumor was a rapidly growing, subcutaneous mass unattached to the underlying bony structures. Histologic examination revealed a proliferation of primitive‐appearing, round to oval cells adopting a lobular configuration. Immunohistochemical studies confirmed the undifferentiated mesenchymal nature of the neoplasm.
Spontaneous Resolution of a Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus
Authors: Hogan Daniel J. , Murphy Fergus , Bremner Ronald M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: This is the second report of a case of spontaneous resolution of a giant congenital melanocytic nevus, whieh was documented both by photographs and skin biopsies. Cases of spontaneous resolution of these lesions may represent a vigorous host response against an aberrant clone of melanocytes.
Ichthyosis and Neutral Lipid Storage Disease (Dorfman‐Chanarin Syndrome)
Authors: Venencie Pierre Y. , Armengaud Didier , Foldes Christine , Vieillefond Annick , Coulombel Laure , Hadchouel Michele
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Ichthyosis and neutral lipid storage disease (INLSD) is a nonlyso‐somal. multisystemic. triglyceride storage disorder. It is characterized by non‐bullous congenital ichthyosiform erythroderma (NBCIE), leukocyte vacuoles, and variable involvement of the liver, muscles, eyes, and central nervous system. In our patient fat‐containing vacuoles were also demonstrated in the epidermis. In patients with NBCIB, the diagnosis of INLSD is readily made by direct examination of a peripheral blood smear demonstrating cytoplasmic lipid vacuoles within most granulocytes and monocytes.
X‐Ray Microanalysis of the Fingernails in Term and Preterm Infants
Authors: Sirota L. , Straussberg R. , Fishman P. , Dulitzky F. , Djaldetti M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The element content of the fingernails of 10 term and 14 preterm infants, clipped for the first time after delivery, was determined by x‐ray microanalysis. The results showed a decrease in sulfur and aluminum, and a higher chlorine content in term infants in comparison with preterm ones, the difference being statistically significant. Sodium, potassium, calcium, and zinc content did not differ in the two groups. Copper, iron, magnesium, aluminum, and phosphorus were detected in trace amounts only. Cobalt was not detected in the fingernails of newborns in either group. The elevated content of aluminum in the fingernails of preterm infants may be a clue to the osteopenia observed in these infants.
Pseudoresistance to Pediculicides in a Case of Pubic Lice
Authors: Helm Klaus F. , Lane Alfred T. , McPhilmy Jean
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 23‐year‐oId male presented with pubic lice refractory to repeated treatments with either permethrin or lindane. Further evaluation identified untreated pubic lice in his scalp.
Fecal α1‐Antitrypsin Concentration and Gastrointestinal Permeability to Oligosaccharides in Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Pike Michael G. , Riches Pamela , Atherton David J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Severe allergic protein‐losing enteropathy has been described in childhood atopic dermatitis (AD). Minor morphologic and functional abnormalities of the gastrointestinal mucosa, including altered permeability to oligosaccharides, are not uncommon in this condition, but the prevalence of occult enteric protein loss is unknown. We measured the random fecal α1‐antitrypsin (AAT) concentration, an indicator of enteric protein loss, in children with and without AD and found no significant difference between the groups. In half of the patients with AD, gastrointestinal permeability to oligosaccharides was also measured, and no relationship between this and fecal AAT was found.
Pityrosporum ovale in Infantile Seborrheic Dermatitis
Authors: Ruiz‐Maldonado Ramón , López‐Matínez Rubén , Pérez Chavarría Edgar L. , Castañón Laura Rocio , Tamayo Lourdes
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The presence of Pityrosporum ovale was investigated in four groups of infants age 1 to 24 months, 15 with infantile seborrheic dermatitis, 15 with infantile atopic dermatitis, 15 with other infantile dermatoses, and 15 healthy infants. Samples were taken from the scalp, face, presternal area, and inguinal area. Pityrosporum ovale was detected by smears and/or cultures in 73% of infants with seborrheic dermatitis, 33% with atopic dermatitis, 33% with other dermatoses, and 53% of healthy infants. The percentages of positive smears and/or cultures from four body sites in each patient group were 42% for seborrheic dermatitis, 20% for atopic dermatitis, 20% for other infantile dermatoses, and 23% for healthy infants. The majority of infants with positive cultures or positive direct examination for P. ovale were between 1 and 8 months of age. The organism was isolated in 28% of samples taken from the scalp, 32% from the face, 30% from the presternal area, and 15% from the inguinal area. Patients with infantile seborrheic dermatitis were treated with 2% topical ketoconazole cream for two weeks. Eleven of these children were clinically cleared and 13 became mycologically negative.

Pityrosporum ovale was significantly more frequent in infants with seborrheic dermatitis than in those with atopic dermatitis, in other infantile dermatoses, or in healthy infants, both in the total number of infants with positive smears and/or cultures and in the number of positive samples per body area (P < 0.05).
Dilated Cardiomyopathy Complicating a Case of Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica
Authors: Brook Michael M. , Weinhouse Elliott , Jarenwattananon Marisa , Nudel Dov B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A Child with epidermolysis bullosa dystrophica, recessive type (EBDR) developed significant anemia at 9 years of age and was treated with long‐term transfuslon therapy. At age 17 he had symptoms of congestive heart failure secondary to dilated cardlomyopathy. Treatment with digoxin and vasodilators for the past year has failed to improve his cardiomyopathy significantly. Chronic iron overload and secondary hemosiderosis may have contributed to his problems, and we propose that chelation therapy be used in any child received long‐term transfusion therapy.
Ichthyosis, Deafness, and Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Mallory Susan B. , Haynie Laura S. , Williams Mary L. , Hall Whit
Published: March 2008

Abstract: An infant with congenital ichthyosis and deafness developed Hirschsprung's disease. No evidence of keratitis was present. No previous cases of ichthyosis have been associated with aganglionic megacolon. Although no corneal changes were observed, we believe that the clinical features of ichthyosis and deafness suggest the diagnosis of Kid (keratitis, ichthyosis, deafness) syndrome. Whether corneal changes would have occurred is unknown, since the infant died of mainutrition and infectious complications.
Congenital Self‐Healing Reticulohistiocytosis: Report of a Patient with a Strikingly Large Tumor Mass
Authors: Timpatanapong Penwadee , Rochanawutanon Mana , Siripoonya Praputt , Nitidandhaprabhas Prasop
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A newborn male Thai infant had numerous brownish red nodules of various sizes scattered over both palms and soles, left thigh, abdomen, chin, and left upper eyelld. An extremely large tumor mass was present on the right sole. Many lesions showed spontaneous ulceration. No extraculaneous involvement was found. All lesions involuted spontaneously within two to three months, some with scar formation. histology showed large numbers of mononuculeated and multinucleated histiocytic cell infiltrations, 10% of which contained Birbeck's granules. Areas of necrosis and calcification were also seen in the largest tumor. No recurrence was observed after follow‐up for three years.
Controversy: Are Systemic Steroids Indicated in the Treatment of Erythema Multiforme?
Authors: Renfro Lisa , Grant‐Kels Jane M. , Feder Henry M. , Daman Lauren A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The treatment of erythema multiforme major with systemic steroids became established during the 1950s. Recently, two retrospective case reviews comparing steroid‐treated and nonsteroid‐treated groups of patients with erythema multiforme found that these agents may be associated with complications. As a result, many clinicians have become uncertain as to the appropriate therapy of this disease entity. We successfully treated the condition with steroids in two children and one adolescent. The controversy over the potential efficacy of such therapy for erythema multiforme persists, however.
Transplacentally Transferred Dermatoses
Authors: Krusinski Paul A. , Saurat Jean‐Hilaire
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Transplacentally transferred dermatoses (TTDs) are cutaneous diseases that are transmitted from mother to fetus through the placental circulation. The uniqueness of the matemal‐placental‐fetal interction provides many helpful opportunities to enhance our understanding of the pathogenesis and course of these diseases.
Solitary Congenital Nodular Calcification of Winer Located on the Ear: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Azón‐Masoliver A. , Ferrando J. , Navarra E. , Mascaro J. M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Solitary congenital nodular calcification of the skin is a form of cutaneous caicinosis. it appears as a small, firm nodule on the head and extremities of young infants. The histogenesis of this condition is controversial. We cared for two patients with the nodule on the ear.
Hereditary Benign Telangiectasia
Authors: Gold Michael H. , Eramo Lynne , Prendiville Julie S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We describe a father and two daughters with heredifary benign telangiectasia. Both girls had numerous telangiectases distributed over the upper limbs, trunk, face, and vermilion border of the lips. The father displayed less extensive lesions and had been unaware of their presence. All three patients were in good health; the younger daughter had a past history of mlid recurrent epistaxis. Differentiation of this bentgn entity from other primary telangiectatic disorders is discussed.
Autoinoculated Palmar Pustules in Neonatal Candidiasis
Authors: Resnick Steven D. , Greenberg Robert A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 2‐week‐old infant had grouped pustules on the right hand, wrist, and antecubital flexure that appeared after the first week of life. The infant was seen repeatedly to suck the involved areas of the hand and wrist. Clinically typical candidiasis was noted in the oral cavity and the diaper area. Wright's‐stained smears of pustular contents, potassium hydroxide preparations of pustular material, and scale from the diaper dermatitis confirmed the presence of pseudohyphae and budding yeasts in all the involved sites. This case demonstrates fairly typical manifestations of neonatal‐onset candidiasis, with the unusual feature of unilateral upper extremity pustules that appeared to represent an autoinoculated cutaneous infection.
Advances in Nondietary Management of Children with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Rasmussen James E.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: This paper discusses recent advances in therapy of atopic dermatitis (AD), excluding those that include dietary management. Some of these therapies are anecdotal, experimental, or somewhat controversial. It is important to emphasize that physicians should not try what is new without first having given standard therapy a long and reasonable chance to succeed. This is important because AD does not last forever, and in many patients, mild disease heals spontaneously.
Harlequin Baby Treated with Etretinate
Authors: Rogers Maureen , Scarf Charles
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A child born with the harlequin fetus abnormality survived and showed a surprising degree of spontaneous improvement in the first six weeks of life. At this age etretinate was instituted, producing considerable further resolution. The child is now over 2 years old.
Failure of Etretinate Therapy in Twins with Severe Congenital Lamellar Ichthyosis
Authors: Waisman Yeheskel , Rachmel Avinoam , Metzker Aryeh , Wielunsky Eliyahu , Nitzan Menachem , Rotem Arye , Steinherz Reuben
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We cared for twin females with severe lamellar extoliation of the newborn (collodlon babies) and a family history of death of two brothers at age 3 months. The twins were given a controlled trial of etretinate (Ro 10‐9359, Tigason) after not responding to other therapeutic modalities. One of the infants received 1 mg/kg body weight of the drug for 24 hours, while her identical twin sister did not have the medication. Monthly skin biopsies taken from both patients during nine months of therapy did not demonstrate any histologic difference under light microscopy. The clinical course in both infants was basically the same. Etretinate plasma level measurements proved that the drug was absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. We conclude that in the very severe forms of congenital lamellar ichthyosis, oral retinoids may fail to produce any beneficial effects.
Rapid Diagnosis of Common Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Adolescents: A Review
Authors: Krowchuk Daniel P. , Anglin Trina M. , Kumar Mary L.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) represent a significant health problem for adolescents in the United States. As a result, clinicians from a number of discplines, among them pediatrics and dermatology, may be called on to evaluate teenage patients with these infections. Traditionally, the diagnosis of many STDs has relied on isolation of the causative organisms in culture. While such procedures typically offer optimal diagnostic accuracy, they are often time consuming and expensive, and may not be widely available. In an attempt to remedy this, cultureindependent techniques have been developed to permit more rapid and economical diagnosis of these important pathogens. The strengths and limitations of these methods must be understood, however, for the tests to be used effectively.
Blistering Dactylitis Caused by Group B Streptococci
Authors: Frieden Ilona J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 6‐month‐old girl had blisters on her volar index finger and palm. Bacterial culture grew group B streptococcl. Group B streptococci (in addition to group A streptococci) can be a cause of blistering dactylitis.
Rothmund‐Thomson Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Roth Donna E. , Campisano L. Camille , Callen Jeffrey P. , Hersh Joseph H. , Yusk Janice W.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We present a 4‐year‐old girl with polklloderma, radiai aplasia, short stature, facial dysmorphism, and sparse hair. We believe these findings to be consistent with a diagnosis of Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome.
Rothmund‐Thomson Syndrome in Two Siblings
Authors: Nanda Arti , Kanwar Amrinder J. , Kapoor Madan M. , Thappa Devinder M. , Radotra Bishan D. , Vaishnavi Chetana , Kaur Surrinder
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome, a rare autosomal recessive disorder, is characterized by photosensitivity; specific skin changes including polkiloderma, atrophy, and telanglectsses; juvenile cataracts; short stature; and bone defects. We describe two siblings with this syndrome.
Michelin‐Tire Baby Syndrome Resulting from Diffuse Smooth Muscle Hamartoma
Authors: Glover M. T. , Malone M. , Atherton D. J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We cared for an infant who was born with the Michelin‐tire baby syndrome characterized by dermatomegaly and hypertrichosis. Histology revealed a diffuse smooth muscle hamartoma.
Phenylalanine plus Ultraviolet Light: Preliminary Report of a Promising Treatment for Childhood Vitiligo
Authors: Schulpis Cleopatra H. , Antoniou Christine , Michas Timothy , Strarigos J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: l‐Phenylalanine is a promising agent for the treatment of vitiligo when taken orally and followed with ultraviolet light (UVA) irradiation. Of 13 children so treated, 3 experienced repigmentation of all vitiliginous areas, 6 showed 50% to 90% improvement, and 4 falied to respond. None of the children experienced side effects during the treatment.
Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia: Argument Against an Autosomal Recessive Form Clinically Indistinguishable from X‐Linked Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia (Christ‐Siemens‐Touraine Syndrome)
Authors: Sybert Virginia P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is a welldescribed, X‐linked recessive disorder characterized by hypohidrosis, hypodontia, and hypotrichosis in males. Reports of similarly affected females have suggested autosomal recessive inheritance in some families. The evidence for two clinically identical but genetically distinct disorders is not convincing, however. In two families with X‐linked recessive inheritance of HED, the condition was severe in females. A critical review of previously reported cases of presumed autosomal recessive HED suggests that an autosomal recessive form of the condition identical to the X‐linked HED may not exist. All sporadic instances of females with classic HED should be considered to be X‐linked recessive, and counseling for X‐linked recessive inheritance as well as autosomal recessive inheritance should be given.
Poikiloderma of Theresa Kindler: Report of a Case with Ultrastrectural Study, and Review of the Literature
Authors: Hovnanian Alain , Blanchet‐Bardon Claudine , de Prost Yves
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Kindler's syndrome occurred in a 13‐year‐old boy with parental consanguinity. The patient had acrai congenital blistering and photosensitiviiy, both regressive, at 12 years of age, together with diffuse progressive poikiloderma, marked cutaneous atrophy, mild hyperkeratosis of the paEms, gingival hypertrophy and fragility, and anal stenosis. The ultrastructural study of butlae induced by rubbing showed clefts in three levels of the dermoepidermal junction zone. A review of 14 cases in the literature consistent with KIndler's syndrome showed this to be a definite clinical entity among the other bullous hereditary poilcilodermas. In two cases, ullrastructural studies showed Intraepidermal, junctional, and dermal cleavage. This syndrome must be differentiated from congenital epidermolysis bullosa, Weary's syndrome, and the other bullous hereditary poikiiodermas.
Kindler Syndrome: Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Forman Amy B. , Prendiville Julie S. , Esteriy Nancy B. , Hebert Adelaide A. , Duvic Madeleine , Horiguchi Yuji , Fine Jo‐David
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We evaluated two patients Mrith hereditary bullous polkiloderma. Both had acral buliae, generalized poiidloderma with prominent atrophy, and acral keratoses. One patient, with sporadic disease, hj, in addition, urethral and subgiottic stenoses, weiabing of digits, and poor dentition. Hie other patient, whose disease was dominantiy inherited, had koiionychia. The resuits of cutaneous histopathology, electron microscopy, and immunofiuorescice mapping studies are presented, it is possible that Kindler syndrome and Weary's hereditary acrokeratotic poikiioderma are variants of the same disease.
Comparison of Disposable Diapers with Fluff Absorbent and Fluff Plus Absorbent Polymers: Effects on Skin Hydration, Skin pH, and Diaper Dermatitis
Authors: Davis James A. , Leyden James J. , Grove Gary L. , Raynor William J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Diaper dermatitis resuits from the action of a number of physical and chemical factors on the sicin. While its etiology is compiex, there is agreement that proionged contact between wet diapers and the skin leading to excessive hydration of the stratum comeum and reduced barrier function Is a primary factor. Recent research also indicates that pH elevation resulting from ammonia production increases tlie probability of skin damage due to fecai enzyme activity. New diapers containing absorbent polymers blended with ceilulose fiuff in the absorbent core iiave been developed. The absorbent polymer binds fluids and controls pH in the diaper environment. To assess the effectiveness of these diapers, a ciinical study was conducted with approximately 150 infants over 15 weeks, using fiuff diapers and absorbent polymer diapers. The resuits clearly showed that the diapers with absorbent polymer provide a better skin environment than those with fluff only with respect to lower skin wetness and pH control (instrumentai measurements). In addition, tite cilnlclans’ grades indicated a directional reduction In diaper rash severity.
Lipoid Proteinosis: Case Report
Authors: Aubin Françcois , Blanc Dominique , Badet Jean‐Michel , Chobaut Jean‐Claude
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Lipold proteinosis is a rare autosomal recessive condition affecting the majority of organ systems, but predominantiy involving skin and mucous membranes. The mucocutaneous infiitration due to accumulation of a hyaiine material is positive for both sudanophii and periodic acid‐Schiff reagents. This was iliustrated in a 14‐year‐oid girl with parental consanguinity, who had classic manifestations.
Molluscum Contagiosum‐Induced Comedo and Secondary Abscess Formation
Authors: Brandrup Flemming , Asschenfeldt Pia
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 9‐year‐old boy had recurrent formation of fiuctuating abscesses of the forearms, leading to surgical incisions. Histopathoiogic examinations revealed that the etiologic agent was a moltuscum virus in the lower portion of a pilosebaceous follicle, which formed a comedo. The comedones developed into pustular and cystic lesions after the boy attempted to squeeze out the contents. Two different reaction patterns to moiluscum contagiosum seem to be present: a lymphocyte‐mediated immunologic reaction in normally regressing lesions, and an acute inflammatory reaction due to disruption of infected epidermal tissue into the dermis, as seen in this patient.
Hypochromic Reticulated Streaks in Incontinentia Pigmenti: An Immunohistochemical and Ultrastructural Study
Authors: Nazzaro Vincenzo , Brusasco Alberto , Gelmetti Carlo , Ermacora Elisa , Caputo Ruggero
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 25‐year‐old woman who recently gave birth to a baby affected by classic lesions of incontinentia pigmenti (IP), had hypochromic, atrophic, and reticulated streaks on both lower limbs. Her personal history was unremarkable for IP, and physical examination revealed no other cutaneous signs of the disease. Immunohistochemical and electron microscopic studies were performed on biopsies obtained from both normal and hypochromic skin of the leg. Hypochromic skin showed epidermal atrophy and lack of adnexae, without significant melanocyte abnormality. As demonstrated by this patient, hypochromic reticulated streaks can represent the only cutaneous marker of IP in adulthood. Careful search for such skin lesions in the mother of a child with IP is essential in order to ascertain whether there is a risk of its occurrence in future offspring.
Scalp Infestation by Phthirus pubis in a 6‐Week‐Old Infant
Authors: Silburt Bruce S. , Parsons Wanda L.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: This case report describes a 6‐week‐old infant with a Phthirus pubis infestation of the scalp. It is believed this patient is the first reported case in this age group. Treatment is discussed, as are the family dynamics that put this infant at risk. The authors address the possible association between infestation and child abuse.
AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE INHERITANCE OF HYPOHIDROTIC ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA
Authors: KISS PÉTER , TÖRÖK ÉVA
Published: March 2008

Letters to the Editor are welcomed for publication (subject to editing). Letters must be signed by all autliors, typewritten double spaced, and must not exceed two pages of text including references. Two copies of all letters should be submitted. Letters should not duplicate material submitted or published in other journals. Prepublication proofs will not be provided.
Neurocristopathy Syndrome: Review of Four Cases
Authors: Oelberg David G. , Dominguez Rodrigo , Hebert Adelaide A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Aberrant embryologic development of the neural crest may clinically result in one of several patterns of malformation. Four examples of the neurocristopathy syndrome are described that collectively feature a very broad range of expression in these infants. Because of the many expressions, the syndrome may not be recognized. We believe that greater familiarity with the disorder will aid in the discovery of unsuspected anomalies and provide clues about predisposing etiologies.
Atopic Background of a Recurrent Papular Eruption of Childhood (Frictional Lichenoid Eruption)
Authors: Patrizi Annalisa , Di Lernia Vito , Ricci Giampaolo , Masi Massimo
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Thirty‐five children affected by a recurrent summer and spring papular eruption on the elbows, knees, and backs of the hands were examined retrospectively in order to evaluate the frequency of atopy. It was found that 45.7% were suffering from atopic diseases (atopic eczema, allergic rhinitis, asthma). This high proportion confirms the fact that an underlying atopy may predispose to the occurrence of this dermatosis.
Epidermolysis Bullosa Dystrophica Inversa in a Child
Authors: Bruckner‐Tuderman Leena , Pfaltz Madeleine , Schnyder Urs W.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 4‐year‐old child with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa inverse is described. Clinical features were blistering of the skin, erosions, scarring and milia formation. The areas involved included the trunk, with preference for the axillary and inguinal folds, the neck and sacral area, and proximal extremities. Notably, the hands and feet were completely spared, with only mild nail dystrophy. Ultrastructural analysis revealed dermolytic blistering and absent or rudimentary anchoring fibrils. Collagen VII, the main structural protein of these fibrils, was present in the skin, as shown by indirect immunofluorescence. These findings suggest that a mutation that prevents appropriate supramolecular aggregation of collagen VII into anchoring fibrils may underlie this subtype of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa in some patients.
Circinate Plaques Heralding Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Buescher Lucinda , Anderson Philip C.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Plaques of leukemia cutis were the first manifestation of juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia in a 2‐year‐old. This is a rare and usually fatal form of childhood leukemia. Only three cases of leukemia cutis associated with juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia have been published.
Hodgkin's Disease Manifesting as Prurigo Nodularis
Authors: Shelnitz Lori S. , Paller Amy S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Prurigo nodularis is an uncommon pediatric cutaneous disorder that is associated with intense pruritus. We report a teenager with prurigo nodularis as the presenting sign of stage IIA Hodgkin's disease, primarily in the mediastinum. The pruritus and associated cutaneous lesions resolved with combination chemotherapy directed at the malignancy. In patients with prurigo nodularis and pruritus of unclear etiology, the possibility of underlying Hodgkin's disease must be considered.
Photochemotherapy of Dominant, Diffuse, Cutaneous Mastocytosis
Authors: Smith Michael L. , Orton Paul W. , Chu Henry , Weston William L.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Diffuse, cutaneous mastocytosis is a rare variant of cutaneous mast cell infiltration that can arise in neonates or infants as a generalized bullous eruption. The mode of transmission is suggested as autosomal dominant. We report four infants from two unrelated families with diffuse cutaneous mastocytosis whose cutaneous disease was not controlled by initial therapies. Treatment of the four infants with photochemotherapy dramatically reduced or eliminated symptoms. One course of therapy resulted in improvement, and retreatment has not been required two to six years later.
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors in Genetically Induced Hyperproliferative Skin Disorders
Authors: Nanney Lillian B. , King Lloyd E. , Dale Beverly A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The presence and morphologic distribution of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R) were investigated in a variety of genetic disorders that affect human epidermis. These diseases included various forms of ichthyoses as well as restrictive dermopathy and the CHILD syndrome (congenital hemidysplasia‐ichthyosiform erythroderma‐limb defects). The distribution of EGF‐R was detected by immunohistochemical techniques. Increased staining of immunoreactive EGF‐R was frequently, but not always, seen in lesions with experimental or clinical evidence of hyperproliferation, suggesting an increased potential to respond to endogenous levels of either transforming growth factor‐α or EGF. The finding that EGF‐R levels are not always increased in congenital epidermal disorders indicated that the presence of this receptor pathway is not simply a marker for aberrant epidermis.
Steroid Sulfatase Activity in Nails: Screening for X‐Linked Ichthyosis
Authors: Matsumoto Takahiko , Sakura Nobuo , Ueda Kazuhiro
Published: March 2008

Abstract: X‐linked ichthyosis is generally diagnosed by a deficiency of steroid sulfatase activity in fibroblasts or leukocytes. We established a method of assaying nail steroid sulfatase activity for diagnostic use. Nail samples were easy to collect and handle, and satisfied the screening criteria of accuracy, sensitivity, and stability. The detergents Tween 20 and Triton‐X 100, which enhance nail STS activity, enabled us to assay the activity with small amounts of nails. The detergent‐facilitated assay was also suitable for use with pediatric patients, from whom small amounts of nails were collected.
Congenital Linear Psoriasis: A Case Report
Authors: Al‐Fouzan Abdulwahab S. , Hassab‐EI‐Naby Hussein M. M. , Nanda Arti
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 10‐year‐old girl had two localized psoriasiform plaques at birth. Subsequently, she developed generalized, asymptomatic, scaly plaques arranged in linear bands and streaks along the lines of Blaschko. The morphologic and histopathologic features, the clinical course, and HLA (CW6, A2) association were characteristic of psoriasis. Although rare, true linear psoriasis exists.
Pachyonychia Congenita: Therapeutic and Immunologic Aspects
Authors: Rohold Allan E. , Brandrup Flemming
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 4‐year‐old girl with pachyonychia congenita was followed from birth. During childhood, slow progression of the nail hypertrophy was seen because she was not willing to have the nails ground or cut. After grinding of her nails under general anesthesia, the child has had acceptable nail thickness, and continued regular grinding without anesthesia. The child had recurrent oral and cutaneous candidiasis. Investigations showed a weakly positive response to Candida albicans in the lymphocyte transformation test, and absence of a delayed hypersensitivity skin test response to Candida. The secondary infection due to Candida seemed to prevail because of an immune defect.
Idiopathic Atrophy of the Nails: A Possible Hereditary Association
Authors: Suarez Sylvia M. , Scher Richard K.
Published: March 2008

idiopathic atrophy of the naiis has been described as an acquired condition of childhood wherein the changes may iead to permanent ioss with scarring of the nait bed. Three patients with idiopathic atrophy are described here, two of whom are siblings, ages 9 and 11 years. The authors suggest that ail family members of patients with this condition be examined for possible involvement.
Bannayan‐Zonana Syndrome Associated with Lymphangiomyomatous Lesions
Authors: Klein Jeffrey A. , Barr Ronald J.
Published: March 2008

Bannayan‐Zonana syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition that has not been weii described in the dermatoiogy literature. The typical case is characterized by macrocephaly, multipie angiomas, and muitiple encapsulated or infiltrating iipomas. As in other autosomai dominant hamartoneopiastic syndromes, the degree of expression within one family frequently varies wideiy. Our patient had macrocephaly and angiomas as well as iipomas with peculiar histoiogic features simiiar to lymphangiomyomas. Her father had a iarge nevus flameus on his leg, and Iipomas with normal histoiogic appearance. The paternai grandfather had multiple encapsulated Iipomas with normal histoiogic appearance. Neither father nor grandfather had macrocephaly.
Disseminated Early Yaws: Report of a Child with a Remarkable Genital Lesion Mimicking Venereal Syphilis
Authors: Engeikens Herman Jan H. , Judanarso Jubianto , Sluis Jaap J. van der , Stek Johan van der , Stolz Ernst
Published: March 2008

A 31/2‐year‐old boy, born and living in Indonesia, experienced disseminated skin tesions and an uicerated, crusted, papillomatous lesion on the prepuce of hts penis. This location suggested venereal syphitis, but on clinical, seroiogic, and epidemiologic grounds a diagnosis of early yaws was made. This treponemal disease shouid be considered in children who have traveled to or migrated from remote tropical regions, and who have unusual skin lesions in combination with a positive treponemal serology. Although yaws is considered a rare and exotic disease in the United States and Europe, it is stiii widespread in some parts of the world.
Localization of Eosinophil Granule Major Basic Protein in Incontinentia Pigmenti
Authors: Thyresson N. Hakan , Goldberg Norman C. , Tye Mauray J. , Leiferman Kristin M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We report a case of incontinentia pigmenti and demonstrate the deposition and localization of eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) in the vesicular stage of this neurocutaneous syndrome. The initial stage of incontinentia pigmenti is histologically characterized by intraepidermal vesicles associated with eosinophilic spongiotic dermatitis. Pathologic examination of a lesional tissue specimen from our patient demonstrated epidermal necrosis, spongiosis, and vesicle formation. Indirect immunofluorescence with affinity‐chromatography purified antibody to human eosinophil granule MBP demonstrated many intact eosinophils within vesicles and scattered throughout the epidermis and dermis, and extracellular deposition of granular MBP in the tissue. The characteristic finding of extensive tissue eosinophilia in incontinentia pigmenti, as well as the new finding of extracellular deposition of an eosinophil granule protein in lesional tissue, suggests the involvement of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Keratoacanthoma Arising in an Organoid Nevus During Childhood: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Buescher Lucinda , DeSpain John D. , Diaz‐Arias Alberto A. , Roller James A.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We report an 11‐year‐old girl with an organoid nevus of the cheek. She represents the first report of a keratoacanthoma arising within an organoid nevus in childhood.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type III: Case Report and Review
Authors: Kirk John F. , Flowers Franklin P. , Ramos‐Caro Francisco A. , Browder John F.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type III (MEN 3), also known as MEN 2b, is a syndrome that may be recognized at a young age by its characteristic numerous mucosal neuromas and marfanoid habitus. These features are generally evident before the development of medullary thyroid carcinoma and pheochromocytoma, allowing for early diagnosis and intervention. Much has been learned recently in this regard to reduce morbity and mortality. In addition, periodic screening of first‐degree relatives of patients with MEN 3 has proved effective in detecting familial cases. Finally, new findings have been made regarding the etiology of MEN 3, with potentially wide‐ranging implications.
Infantile Myofibromatosis
Authors: Parker Ray K. , Mallory Susan B. , Baker Glen F.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Infantile myofibromatosis is part of a heterogeneous group of rare childhood fibromatoses characterized by the proliferation of myofibroblasts. It is not a common condition and is frequently misdiagnosed. We present an unusual patient who had small, depressed, atrophic, skin lesions uncharacteristic of infantile myofibromatosis.
Kasabach‐Merritt Syndrome
Authors: Maceyko Ronald F. , Camisa Charles
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The kasabach‐Merritt syndrome includes the triad of vascular tumors, thrombocytopenia, and a hemorrhagic diathesis. The vascular tumors are usually benign but the associated coagulopathy may be life threatening. We describe a patient whose clinical course illustrates the potential difficulties in management.
Childhood Scleromyositis: An Overlap Syndrome Associated with PM‐Scl Antibody
Authors: Bfaszczyk Maria , Jabonska Stefania , Szymariska‐Jagieffo Wanda , Jarzbek‐Chorzelska Maria , Chorzelski Tedeusz , Mohamed Abdelaziz H.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Fourteen patients with childhood scleromyositis followed from 1 to more than 10 years experienced concomitant sclerodermoid and dermatomyositis features, variably expressed at one time or another during the course of the disease. The most characteristic features were myalgia‐myositis, arthralgia‐arthritis, puffy, atrophic, sclerotic fingers, and Raynaud's phenomenon. This overlap syndrome was the most frequent sclerodermoid condition in children, differing from both systemic scleroderma and dermatomyositis. The course of the disease was protracted and rather benign, and PM‐Scl antibody was an important diagnostic and prognostic marker. We present criteria for diagnosis of scleromyositis and its differentiation from systemic scleroderma, dermatomtiyosits, and Sharp overlap syndrome.
Pityriasis Versicolor in the Pediatric Age
Authors: Terragni L. , Lasagni A. , Oriani A. , Gelmetti C.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is a superficial mycosis, theoretically unusual in children. Epidemiologic and clinical data tor children with PV over 11 years was collected. Some explanations are given for the conditions that favored this mycotic infection in children. This study confirms that the face is a usual site of PV in children, in contrast to its rarity as a site in adults. Clinical features are variable and similar to adults. Both sexes are equally affected. The family history is often positive for PV.
Mahogany Discoloration of the Skin Due to the Defensive Secretion of a Millipede
Authors: Shpall Steven , Frieden Ilona
Published: March 2008

Abstract: An 8‐year‐old boy developed a sudden mahogany discoloration of his skin after exposure to defensive secretions of a miliipede. The mechanisms and the composition of the secretion and other clinical features are briefly reviewed.
Congenital Malalignment of the Great Toenails
Authors: Cohen Jay L. , Scher Richard K. , Pappert Amy S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Congenital matalignment of the great toenaiis is a disorder in which malalignment of the nail matrix results in angular lateral nail plate growth. The consequence is onychodystrophy, which may progress to onychogryphosis and chronic ingrown toenails. There has been debate as to whether the condition is inherited or acquired in utero secondary to Improper fetal posltioning. A 6‐year‐old boy and his father, both of whom have this disorder, are discussed.
Congenital Malalignment of the Great Toenails: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Cohen Philip R.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 10‐year‐old black boy had congenital malalignment of the great toenalls (CMGTN). It is important to recognize this condition sinceseveral nafl disorders can occur concurrently with and/or clfnicatly mimfc it. Treatment is dependent on the severity of the condition, and includes conservative management and subsequent examination to detect CMGTN‐assoctated compiications for patients with mild iaterai deviation of the nail plate, or surgical realignment for individuals with either marked nail plate deviation or condition‐related disabling sequelae.
Poikiloderma Congenitale: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Collins Paul , Barnes Louise , McCabe Mary
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Since birth an 8‐year‐old girl had a rash on both cheeks, consistent clinically and histologically with poikiloderma. She also had visual impairment to the extent of light perception only, due to microphthalmia and dense scleralization of the corneas. These features were considered consistent with a diagnosis of Rothmund‐Thomson syndrome.
Treatment of Spider Telangiectases in Children Using the Flashlamp‐Pumped Pulsed Dye Laser
Authors: Geronemus Roy G.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Twelve children 2 to 10 years of age with spider telangiectases of the face were treated with a flashlamp‐pumped pulsed dye laser at a wavelength of 585 nm and a pulse width of 450 μsec. Complete resolution of the telangiectases was noted in all 12 patients, without scarring or permanent pigmentary alteration of the skin.