bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RN to FNP: A Qualitative Study of Role Transition
Authors: Heitz Laura J. , Steiner Susan H. , Burman Mary E.
Published: February 2020

Registered nurses who return to school in a nurse practitioner program undergo role transition throughout the educational process and into the postgraduate period. This study examined the role transition that occurs in family nurse practitioner (FNP) students. A descriptive, qualitative design was used with in-depth telephone interviews of 9 female FNPs who had recently graduated. A conceptual model was generated that described the role transition from RN to FNP. Two phases of role transition occurred and were depicted by the central categories that emerged: extrinsic obstacles, intrinsic obstacles, turbulence, positive extrinsic forces, positive intrinsic forces, and role development. Although the central categories were found to be the same in Phase I and Phase II, the defining characteristics differed. This study has implications for FNPs, students, and educators regarding role transition. It presents new findings not identified in prior research: personal commitments and sacrifices were identified as specific obstacles encountered during the educational process, and differences were found between inexperienced and experienced RNs in relation to the FNP role transition during the educational period.
Increasing Nursing Faculty in Rural Texas Through Online Education
Authors: Baldwin Kathleen M. , Walker Charles , Evans Elaine
Published: February 2020

To increase RN production, there must be a cadre of qualified faculty. Faculty shortages abound across the United States and are particularly acute in rural areas. Our innovation provides one answer to increasing rural faculty resources through online education.
Digital Gamification in the Tourism Industry
Authors: Özkul Emrah , Uygun Emre , Levent Selen
Published: February 2020

In today's world where digital technology has become an indispensable part of human life, the use of digital platforms allows people to play various types of games to not only meet their personal needs, but also to keep people's minds away from the strenuous work tempo of daily life. The game is an action that allows people to socialize and gain different experiences and to have a pleasant time. It is limited by certain fixed rules for a purpose, including the outcome of winning and losing as a result of these rules. This action led to the emergence of a concept called gamification along with digitalizing technology. Gamification is the use of game elements, game design, and mechanics in the game environment that enable users to socialize and have fun in non-game environments. This chapter defines the concepts of game, gamification, and gamification in tourism, and examines the digital gamification applications in the tourism industry with certain parameters. Authors emphasize the relationship between tourism and gamification.
Smart Applications in Tourism
Authors: Ince Cemal , Samatova Gülmira
Published: February 2020

Technology process that started with the reservation provided many services in accommodation establishments such as online room selection, room colour selection, air conditioning adjustment, temperature and light control, virtual scenery creation, and online service. Another area that is affected by technology is food and beverage services. Food and beverage businesses also benefit from technology while serving their guests. Many services are provided through technological revolutions such as online reservation, online service, smart tables, robots, and so on. Today, technology also affects museums and museum services positively. Virtual reality museums offer visitors the opportunity to visit their works online. Online ticket sales also save visitors time. Credit cards and ticket sales provide economic convenience to the guests. With the help of technology, heat and light adjustments can be made in museums and technology helps to protect the works exhibited in these museums.
Smart Municipalities in Tourism
Authors: Ayaz Nurettin , Akay Bayram
Published: February 2020

Tourism is a fragmented and information-oriented sector covering tour operators, travel agencies, hotel sales representatives, associations, meeting offices, transportation, car rental, airlines, cruise, souvenirs, restaurants, hotels/motels, and entertainment. In the tourism sector, technology is an important requirement for the interconnection of all these fragmented organizations, activities, and elements, and for the satisfaction of tourists. However, the effective use of technology in a destination requires the leadership of a leader. This chapter approaches the smart municipality applications oriented to tourism sector with the example of Turkey, a well-known destination around the world, from the perspective of municipalities, which is regarded as a democratic leader at local level and provides a general framework regarding the studies on an innovative, environment-friendly, solution-oriented, and more livable urban life. Suggestions are provided for smart technologies to improve the quality of life of local citizens and to the satisfaction of tourists.
Tourist Experience in Smart City Destination of Jaipur (Rajasthan)
Authors: Singh Lakhvinder , Kumar Kamal
Published: February 2020

Smart city concept is emerging as a new venture in the tourism sector especially in a country like India. This chapter analyzes the tourist experience in Jaipur city of Rajasthan which is emerging as a popular tourist destination taken over for development under smart city mission. The chapter adopted empirical approach, but to some extent it also used secondary data sources. The authors analyzed tourist experience by using smart attraction, smart mobility, smart amenities, smart ancillary, smart safety, and smart available packages as important dimensions of smart tourism destination. Regarding tourist experience, the chapter noticed smart available packages, smart safety, and smart attractions are providing a pleasant experience to tourists in contrast with remaining aspects of smart tourism destination. The result of the study provides implication for tourism marketer and policy maker to take appropriate steps to enhance the tourist experience by improving smart facilities & services.
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Sexual Offenders With Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Murphy Glynis , Melvin Clare
Published: February 2020

The vast majority of individuals with autism do not commit sexual offenses. While there has been some suggestion of a tendency towards anti-social or offending behaviors, a propensity for breaking the law by those with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder has not been found in the research literature. However, the small number of individuals with autism spectrum disorder who do commit crimes appear to cover the full spectrum of offenses committed by offenders without autism spectrum disorder, including sexual offences, arson, violence, theft, terrorism, and manslaughter, although large scale studies suggest they tend to commit proportionately fewer property, driving, and drug offences. The purpose of this case study is to present the use of cognitive behavior therapy to therapeutically address the problem sexual behaviors of a young man with ASD.
Mark's Story
Authors: Kent Mark , Tissot Catherine
Published: February 2020

The personal story of Mark Kent is not an easy one to read or to ignore. This chapter shares the difficult life story of Mark's journey from an individual who was sexually and emotionally abused as a child to one where he is currently in a healthy and happy marriage with four children. Mark attributes this success to his Asperger's Syndrome and the support of his family, but he also realizes he is an exceptional case study. He advocates for much better awareness, sexual education, and overall acceptance on the part of society to ensure others can overcome the same challenges he has faced.
Laparoscopic Witzel jejunostomy
Authors: Lotti Marco , Capponi Michela Giulii , Ferrari Denise , Carrara Giulia , Campanati Luca , Lucianetti Alessandro
Published: February 2020

The placement of a feeding jejunostomy can be indicated in malnourished patients with gastric and oesophagogastric junction cancer to allow for enteral nutritional support. In these patients, the jejunostomy tube can be suitably placed at the time of staging laparoscopy. Several techniques of laparoscopic jejunostomy (LJ) have been described, yet the Witzel approach remains neglected, due to the perceived difficulty of suturing the bowel around the tube and securing them to the abdominal wall. Here, we describe a novel technique for LJ, using a single barbed suture for securing the bowel and tunnelling the jejunostomy catheter according to the Witzel approach.
The spectral localizer for even index pairings
Authors: Loring Terry A. , Schulz-Baldes Hermann
Published: February 2020

Even index pairings are integer-valued homotopy invariants combining an even Fredholm module with a

K_0

-class specified by a projection. Numerous classical examples are known from differential and non-commutative geometry and physics. Here it is shown how to construct a finite-dimensional self-adjoint and invertible matrix, called the spectral localizer, such that half its signature is equal to the even index pairing. This makes the invariant numerically accessible. The index-theoretic proof heavily uses fuzzy spheres.
Sidon set systems
Authors: Cilleruelo Javier , Serra Oriol , Wötzel Maximilian
Published: February 2020

A family

\mathcal{A}

of

k

-subsets of

\{1,2,\dots, N\}

is a Sidon system if the sumsets

A+B

,

A,B\in \mathcal{A}

are pairwise distinct. We show that the largest cardinality

F_k(N)

of a Sidon system of

k

-subsets of

[N]

satisfies

F_k(N)\le {N-1\choose k-1}+N-k

and the asymptotic lower bound

F_k(N)=\Omega_k(N^{k-1})

. More precise bounds on

F_k(N)

are obtained for

k\le 3

. We also obtain the threshold probability for a random system to be Sidon for

k \geq 2

.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Antibodies to Hepatitis C in the General Population of Benue State, Central Nigeria
Authors: Malu Abraham O. , Achinge Godwin I. , Utoo Priscilla M. , Kur Jonathan T. , Obekpa Solomon A.
Published: February 2020

There have been various estimates of the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infections in Nigeria. Recent studies have shown the prevalence to be lower than previously reported. The different populations studied might be responsible for this. It is important to have a real population data that would inform the policies to be adopted for eradication. We set out to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and pattern of hepatitis B and C in Benue State, Central Nigeria. Four thousand and five (4,005) subjects, aged 1 year and older, were selected through a multistage random sampling to represent all parts of the state. Trained health workers administered a validated questionnaire. Rapid test kits were standardized and used in determining the prevalence of the respective viruses. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV) were found to be positive in 5% and 1%, respectively, of subjects screened. The prevalence varied from one local government area to another, with HBsAg being 8% in the highest to 2% in the lowest LGC, and anti-HCV being 3% in the highest and 0% in the lowest. Age, previous close contact with a patient, and multiple sex partners were the most important risk factors for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, whereas age and previous blood transfusion were the most important risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HBV immunization may be having an impact in reducing the prevalence of the virus. Nigeria appears to be moving from high endemicity to the intermediate one.
Use of Model Verification and Validation in Product Reliability and Confidence Assessments
Authors:   Ground Vehicle Reliability Committee
Published: February 2020

This SAE standard outlines the steps and known accepted methodologies and standards for linking Model V&V with model-based product reliability assessments. The standard’s main emphasis is that quantified values for model-based product reliability must be accompanied by a quantified confidence value if the users of the model wish to claim use of a “Verified and Validated” model, and if they wish to further link into business and investment decisions that are informed by quantitative second-order risk and benefit cost considerations.
The Evolution of Sustainability Perceptions in Mass-Market Products
Authors: Plata Emanuele
Published: February 2020

Planet Life Economy Foundation (PLEF) is an Italian non-profit organization constituted in 2003 by managers and entrepreneurs from the mass-market industry. The perceptions of the sustainability of industrial brands (IB) and private labels (PL) are deepened according to consumer online opinions. The analysis conducted by WEB Research Srl (Gian Marco Stefanini) and Chase Rossman focuses on the outdoor clothing company "Patagonia" and its proprietary stores.
Traceability of Food Products in Global Gastronomic Tourism
Authors: Reitano Antonella , Fazio Marco , Taylor David W.
Published: February 2020

The role of wine and food products in tourism is multiform and complex. Throughout human history, food has not just been a means of subsistence, but has often become an element for authentic experience, socialising and hospitality. Within the context of global tourism, enogastronomy determines the qualitative level of the offer. It can be said that nowadays the package of goods destined for tourism is enriched by a new attribute, that of quality food, which has taken on a social aspect: more and more tourists travel to specific destinations because of good food. Traceability and protection brands are, without doubt, indicators for measuring the quality of food. The propensity to purchase and consume “traced” food were analysed with specific reference to olive oil. Data were collected through a 500Hz binocular remote eye-tracking system and analysed with SPSS software.
Partitioning of canopy and soil CO2 fluxes in a pine forest at the dry timberline across a 13-year observation period
Authors: Qubaja Rafat , Tatarinov Fyodor , Rotenberg Eyal , Yakir Dan
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Partitioning carbon fluxes is key to understanding the process underlying
ecosystem response to change. This study used soil and canopy fluxes with
stable isotopes (13C) and radiocarbon (14C) measurements in an 18 km2, 50-year-old, dry (287 mm mean annual precipitation; nonirrigated)
Pinus halepensis forest plantation in Israel to partition the net ecosystem's CO2 flux
into gross primary productivity (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Re) and
(with the aid of isotopic measurements) soil respiration flux (Rs) into
autotrophic (Rsa), heterotrophic (Rh), and inorganic (Ri) components. On an
annual scale, GPP and Re were 655 and 488 g C m−2, respectively, with a
net primary productivity (NPP) of 282 g C m−2 and carbon-use efficiency
(CUE = NPP ∕ GPP) of 0.43. Rs made up 60 % of the Re and comprised 24±4 %Rsa, 23±4 %Rh, and 13±1 %Ri. The contribution of root and microbial respiration to Re
increased during high productivity periods, and inorganic sources were more
significant components when the soil water content was low. Comparing the
ratio of the respiration components to Re of our mean 2016 values to those
of 2003 (mean for 2001–2006) at the same site indicated a decrease in the
autotrophic components (roots, foliage, and wood) by about −13 % and an
increase in the heterotrophic component (Rh∕Re) by about +18 %, with
similar trends for soil respiration (Rsa∕Rs decreasing by −19 % and Rh∕Rs
increasing by +8 %, respectively). The soil respiration sensitivity to
temperature (Q10) decreased across the same observation period by 36 % and 9 % in the wet and dry periods, respectively. Low rates of soil
carbon loss combined with relatively high belowground carbon allocation
(i.e., 38 % of canopy CO2 uptake) and low sensitivity to temperature
help explain the high soil organic carbon accumulation and the relatively
high ecosystem CUE of the dry forest.
A multi-model analysis of teleconnected crop yield variability in a range of cropping systems
Authors: Heino Matias , Guillaume Joseph H. A. , Müller Christoph , Iizumi Toshichika , Kummu Matti
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Climate oscillations are periodically fluctuating oceanic and atmospheric phenomena, which are related to variations in weather patterns and crop yields worldwide. In terms of crop production, the most widespread impacts have been observed for the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which has been found to impact crop yields on all continents that produce crops, while two other climate oscillations – the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) – have been shown to especially impact crop production in Australia and Europe, respectively. In this study, we analyse the impacts of ENSO, IOD, and NAO on the growing conditions of maize, rice, soybean, and wheat at the global scale by utilising crop yield data from an ensemble of global gridded crop models simulated for a range of crop management scenarios. Our results show that, while accounting for their potential co-variation, climate oscillations are correlated with simulated crop yield variability to a wide extent (half of all maize and wheat harvested areas for ENSO) and in several important crop-producing areas, e.g. in North America (ENSO, wheat), Australia (IOD and ENSO, wheat), and northern South America (ENSO, soybean). Further, our analyses show that higher sensitivity to these oscillations can be observed for rainfed and fully fertilised scenarios, while the sensitivity tends to be lower if crops were to be fully irrigated. Since the development of ENSO, IOD, and NAO can potentially be forecasted well in advance, a better understanding about the relationship between crop production and these climate oscillations can improve the resilience of the global food system to climate-related shocks.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENT OF A CONICAL AIRBORNE LIDAR SCANNING SYSTEM
Authors: Hu H. C. , Zhou G. Q. , Zhou X. , Tan Y. Z. , Wei J. D.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. At present, the main LiDAR is single-point lidar. APD arrays and laser arrays are restricted to exit, so the number of area array LiDAR is scarce. Single-point lidar can't form a scanning pattern with only one laser point on the ground after launching laser, so it must have a set of scanning device for single-point lidar. The scanning device designed in this paper forms a circular scanning area on the ground by rotating the refraction prism, and at the same time forms a conical field of view. At present, marine LiDAR uses this kind of scanner more frequently. The advantages of this scanner are: simple mechanical structure and smooth operation. Overlapping elliptical scanning trajectories can be obtained during flight, which increases scanning density. Ultra-low dispersion glass is used as refractive prism in this paper. In a certain range of laser frequencies, the refractive prism has almost the same effect on laser refraction at different frequencies. The simulation results show that the scanner can be used as a common LiDAR scanner or a dual-frequency LiDAR scanner.
Variations in soil chemical and physical properties explain basin-wide Amazon forest soil carbon concentrations
Authors: Quesada Carlos Alberto , Paz Claudia , Oblitas Mendoza Erick , Phillips Oliver Lawrence , Saiz Gustavo , Lloyd Jon
Published: February 2020

Abstract. We investigate the edaphic, mineralogical and climatic controls of soil
organic carbon (SOC) concentration utilising data from 147 primary forest
soils (0–30 cm depth) sampled in eight different countries across the Amazon
Basin. Sampled across 14 different World Reference Base soil groups, our
data suggest that stabilisation mechanism varies with pedogenetic level.
Specifically, although SOC concentrations in Ferralsols and Acrisols were
best explained by simple variations in clay content – this presumably being
due to their relatively uniform kaolinitic mineralogy – this was not the
case for less weathered soils such as Alisols, Cambisols and Plinthosols for
which interactions between Al species, soil pH and litter quality are argued
to be much more important. Although for more strongly weathered soils the
majority of SOC is located within the aggregate fraction, for the less
weathered soils most of the SOC is located within the silt and clay
fractions. It thus seems that for highly weathered soils SOC storage is
mostly influenced by surface area variations arising from clay content, with
physical protection inside aggregates rendering an additional level of
protection against decomposition. On the other hand, most of the SOC in less
weathered soils is associated with the precipitation of aluminium–carbon
complexes within the fine soil fraction, with this mechanism enhanced by the
presence of high levels of aromatic, carboxyl-rich organic matter compounds.
Also examined as part of this study were a relatively small number of arenic
soils (viz. Arenosols and Podzols) for which there was a small but significant
influence of clay and silt content variations on SOM storage, with
fractionation studies showing that particulate organic matter may account
for up to 0.60 of arenic soil SOC. In contrast to what were in all cases
strong influences of soil and/or litter quality properties, after accounting
for these effects neither wood productivity, above-ground biomass nor
precipitation/temperature variations were found to exert any significant
influence on SOC stocks. These results have important implications for our
understanding of how Amazon forest soils are likely to respond to ongoing
and future climate changes.
Algal growth and weathering crust state drive variability in western Greenland Ice Sheet ice albedo
Authors: Tedstone Andrew J. , Cook Joseph M. , Williamson Christopher J. , Hofer Stefan , McCutcheon Jenine , Irvine-Fynn Tristram , Gribbin Thomas , Tranter Martyn
Published: February 2020

Abstract. One of the primary controls upon the melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) is albedo, a measure of how much solar radiation that hits a surface is reflected without being absorbed. Lower-albedo snow and ice surfaces therefore warm more quickly. There is a major difference in the albedo of snow-covered versus bare-ice surfaces, but observations also show that there is substantial spatio-temporal variability of up to ∼0.4 in bare-ice albedo.
Variability in bare-ice albedo has been attributed to a number of processes including the accumulation of light-absorbing impurities (LAIs) and the changing physical properties of the near-surface ice. However, the combined impact of these processes upon albedo remains poorly constrained.
Here we use field observations to show that pigmented glacier algae are ubiquitous and cause surface darkening both within and outside the south-west GrIS “dark zone” but that other factors including modification of the ice surface by algal bloom presence, surface topography and weathering crust state are also important in determining patterns of daily albedo variability.
We further use observations from an unmanned aerial system (UAS) to examine the scale gap in albedo between ground versus remotely sensed measurements made by Sentinel-2 (S-2) and MODIS.
S-2 observations provide a highly conservative estimate of algal bloom presence because algal blooms occur in patches much smaller than the ground resolution of S-2 data. Nevertheless, the bare-ice albedo distribution at the scale of 20 m×20 m S-2 pixels is generally unimodal and unskewed.
Conversely, bare-ice surfaces have a left-skewed albedo distribution at MODIS MOD10A1 scales. Thus, when MOD10A1 observations are used as input to energy balance modelling, meltwater production can be underestimated by ∼2 %.
Our study highlights that (1) the impact of the weathering crust state is of similar importance to the direct darkening role of light-absorbing impurities upon ice albedo and (2) there is a spatial-scale dependency in albedo measurement which reduces detection of real changes at coarser resolutions.
Full scale deformation measurements of a wind turbine rotor in comparison with aeroelastic simulations
Authors: Lehnhoff Stephanie , Gómez González Alejandro , Seume Jörg R.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The measurement of deformation and vibration of wind turbine rotor blades becomes highly important as the length of rotor blades increases with the growth in demand for wind power. The requirement for field validation of the aeroelastic behaviour of wind turbines increases with the scale of the deformation, in particular for modern blades with very high flexibility and coupling between different vibration modes. However, performing full-scale field measurements for rotor blade deformation is not trivial and requires high temporal and spatial resolution. A promising deformation measurement technique is based on an optical method called Digital Image Correlation (DIC). A system for the application of DIC for full field measurements of wind turbine rotors has been developed and validated in the past years by ForWind, Institute of Turbomachinery and Fluid Dynamics, Leibniz Universität Hannover. The whole rotor of the wind turbine is monitored with a stereo camera system from the ground during measurement. Recently, DIC measurements on a Siemens Gamesa SWT-4.0-130 test turbine were performed on the tip of all blades with synchronized measurement of the inflow conditions by a ground-based LiDAR. As the turbine was additionally equipped with strain gauges in the blade root of all blades, the DIC results can be directly compared to the actual prevailing loads. In the end, the measured deformations are compared to aeroelastic simulations. The deformation measured with DIC on the rotor blade tips shows the same qualitative behaviour when compared to loads measured with strain gauges in the blade root. This confirms that the DIC measurements correlate with the prevailing loads in reality. The comparison with aeroelastic simulations shows that the amplitude and trend of the in-plane deformation is in very good agreement with the DIC measurements. The out-of-plane deformation shows slight differences, which could be caused by the difference between real wind conditions and the wind statistics on which the simulations are based. The combined rotor blade pitch and torsion angle measured with DIC is in good agreement with the actual pitch value of the turbine. A detailed comparison with aeroelastic simulations shows that the amplitude of torsion measured with DIC is higher which might be caused by an inaccuracy of the experimental setup. This will be focus of future work. All in all, DIC shows very good agreement with comparative measurements and simulations which shows that it is a suitable method for measurements of deformation and torsion of multi-megawatt wind turbine rotor blades.
Impacts of Heavy Metals on Soil Microbial Activity
Authors: Régo Ana Paula Justiniano , Tornisielo Valdemar Luiz
Published: February 2020

Concern about soil quality has been increasing due to environmental impacts from anthropogenic actions. The imbalance between its components alters activities in ecosystems. One of the main actions affecting soil quality is the presence of heavy metals, impairing the functioning of the ecosystem. This work evaluated the impacts of metal-contaminated soil on microbial activity after dam failure in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Microbial respiration measurements and colony quantifications were used for evaluations. Thus, it is hoped that through these bioindicators, we can assess the quality of the environment and from these biostimulators restore the environmental balance, benefiting local communities affected by the disaster. After microbial biostimulation of the soil, there was an increase in the number of bacterial colonies as well as greater accumulation of CO2 over the days. Thus, the addition of nutrients to the metal-impacted soil was essential for initiating the restoration of the affected ecosystem equilibrium.
MODELOS, LAS REVOLUCIONES Y TEORÍA JURÍDICA A PROPÓSITO DEL LIBRO DEL PROFESOR ULISES SCHMILL
Authors: Cerdio Herrán Jorge
Published: February 2020

El libro del profesor Schmill es un brillante ensayo de teoría del derecho que articula piezas conceptuales que se suelen presentar en forma desarticulada. El resultado es la presentación -y ejemplificación de uso- de una herramienta para conceptuar la noción de revolución. La herramienta es bifronte, pues contiene una estructura propia de la teoría del derecho -un esqueleto que proporciona la sintaxis, como dice Schmill- y una interpretación complementaria de carácter socio-político -arrancada a Tucídides con una sapiencia y lucidez que suelen caracterizar los escritos del profesor Schmill.
EL PROBLEMA DEL ANTIPERFECCIONISMO EN EL LIBERALISMO DE CARLOS S. NINO
Authors: A. Beade Gustavo , Albrechts Christian
Published: February 2020

El liberalismo de Carlos S. Nino evolucionó desde sus primeros trabajos vinculados al derecho penal, hacia la construcción de una teoría de la democracia deliberativa. Desde sus comienzos, siguiendo a los autores liberales clásicos como John Stuart Mill, hasta el final en donde adhirió a un liberalismo igualitario, hubo construcciones que acompañaron este proceso, como el concepto de autonomía personal, y también ciertos ideales morales, como un oposición concreta al perfeccionismo. El texto presenta al liberalismo de Nino al comienzo y al final de su obra para mostrar que el antiperfeccionismo originado en el liberalismo clásico que servía de base para construir su concepción de la autonomía, se mantuvo inalterado durante todo este proceso de evolución dificultando la compatibilización de su teoría de la responsabilidad penal con su teoría de la democracia deliberativa, orientada hacia el liberalismo igualitario.
ACERCA DE LA EXISTENCIA DEL IUS COGENS INTERNACIONAL: UNA PERSPECTIVA ANALÍTICA Y POSITIVISTA
Authors: Garibian Sévane , Puppo Alberto
Published: February 2020

El concepto de ius cogens encarna una tendencia hacía la limitación de la soberanía de los Estados. Buscar un lugar para el ius cogens dentro del edificio positivista exige profundizar el significado de los enunciados que afirman su existencia. Decir que una norma es ius cogens significa que tiene la fuerza necesaria para no ser derrotada. No significa que esta norma sea derecho natural, puesto que puede ser modificada por otras normas del mismo carácter. Una norma es "imperativa" ex post facto, después de que un juez así la calificó. Esto no implica reconocer a los jueces un poder sin límites. Al contrario, la multiplicación de las jurisdicciones internacionales asegura que ningún juez posea la última palabra: el contenido del ius cogens puede desprenderse del denominador común a las jurisprudencias de las jurisdicciones internacionales y regionales, tal como a las jurisdicciones supremas de los Estados.
CAMINO A LA DEMOCRACIA CONSTITUCIONAL EN MÉXICO
Authors: Salazar Ugarte Pedro
Published: February 2020

En junio de 2011 se publicó una importante reforma constitucional en México. Con ella cambiaron la mayoría de las disposiciones dedicadas a los derechos humanos y se reafirmó la apertura del ordenamiento jurídico mexicano al derecho internacional. En este texto se ofrece una reconstrucción de algunas de las decisiones y procesos que están detrás de la reforma y se delinea un mapa de las acciones que los diferentes actores políticos, jurídicos y sociales deberán llevar a cabo para convertir lo que las nuevas normas prometen en una realidad.
Fully Convolutional Networks for Text Understanding in Scene Images
Authors: Bazazian Dena
Published: February 2020

Text understanding in scene images has gained plenty of attention in the computer vision community and it is an important task in many applications as text carries semantically  rich  information  about  scene  content  and  context.   For  instance, reading text in a scene can be applied to autonomous driving, scene understanding or assisting visually impaired people. The general aim of scene text understanding is to localize and recognize text in scene images. Text regions are first localized in the original image by a trained detector model and afterwards fed into a recognition module. The tasks of localization and recognition are highly correlated since an inaccurate localization can affect the recognition task. The main purpose of this thesis is to devise efficient methods for scene text understanding. We investigate how the latest results on deep learning can advance text understanding pipelines. Recently, Fully Convolutional Networks (FCNs) and derived methods have achieved a significant performance on semantic segmentation and pixel level classification tasks. Therefore, we took benefit of the strengths of FCN approaches in order to detect and recognize text in natural scenes images.
RISK MANAGEMENT IN AIR NAVIGATION SERVICES
Authors: PIWEK Dolores Gracja
Published: February 2020

The need to develop and adopt legal standards for safety management was identified at
the Conference of General Directors of Civil Aviation dedicated to the global strategy
of aviation safety (Montreal, March 20-22, 2006) and additionally supported by the
recommendations of the Safety Conference (Montreal, March 29 - April 1, 2010). The
year 2006 saw the introduction of issues related to the safety management system to the
Convention’s annexes. The existing fundamental rules related to SMS were included
in the annexes: 1 - Personnel licensing, 6 - Operation of Aircraft, 8 - Airworthiness of
Aircraft, 11 - Air Traffic Services, 13 - Aircraft Accident and Incident Investigation,
and 14 - Aerodromes. In addition, due to the dynamic development of aviation and,
at the same time, the growing need to create the highest standards in the field of
safety management systems, the Air Navigation Commission established the Safety
Management Panel (SMP) to develop the content of Annex 19. After several years
of reconciliation and consultation, this document was finally adopted by the ICAO
Council in 2013. It has become the ipso facto document that provides the basis for
creating an effective safety management system, as it is compatible and also adapted
to the most effective practices indicated in the ICAO Doc 9859 Safety Management
Manual. Annex 19 sets out the responsibility of States, the safety management system
and the collection of information related to safety. The National Civil Aviation Safety
Programme and the structure of this system were also dealt with. The whole idea is to
support states in the process of hazard identification and risk management.
The purpose of the article was: to highlight selected elements of the risk management
process in a practical dimension, to present the principles for assessing the degree of
risk by an air navigation service provider, and to identify ways of improving this
process.
Searching for an answer to the main research problem contributed to achieving this
goal. The research problem was expressed in the form of a question: How does the
air navigation service provider manage the risk under the air traffic safety management
system in order to achieve compliance with regulatory requirements and to achieve
the assumed parameters (indicators) in the area of safety?
With regard to the main research problem, the following research hypotheses were
formulated:
1. I believe that an air navigation service provider undertakes an assessment of the
degree of possible danger in civil aviation to identify hazards in air traffic as part of
a safety management system.
2. I suppose that the air navigation service provider manages the risk in a manner
consistent with the provisions of law and by using procedures included in normative
documents.
Guest Editorial Foreword to the Special Issue of IHC 2018
Authors: Prates Raquel O. , Candello Heloísa
Published: February 2020

This special issue of JIS presents the extended versions of the best full papers of the Brazilian Symposium on Human Factors in Computing Systems (IHC 2018). For this issue, the seven papers selected as best papers from the 42 presented at the conference were invited to submit an extended version of their work. It is worth noting that the extended versions contain original content or new contributions when compared to their original IHC 2018 version, and they were submitted to a new and independent review process. IHC 2018 highlighted the influence and importance of cultural issues in the design of computer systems, as well as the need to be creative and innovative in designing new forms of interaction, design, and system evaluations with its theme “Interaction, Culture, and Creativity”. The papers presented in this issue tap into IHC 2018’s theme and represent the broad range of topics being investigated in HCI in Brazil, as well as bring original and relevant contributions to the state-of-the art in each of their topics.
Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen häuslicher Pflege
Authors: Kuhn-Zuber Gabriele
Published: February 2020

Von den rund 3,4 Millionen pflegebedürftigen Menschen in Deutschland werden rund 2,59 Millionen zu Hause versorgt und von diesen wiederum ca. 1,76 Mio. ausschließlich durch Angehörige oder nahestehende Personen. Mit den Leistungen der gesetzlichen Pflegeversicherung und - ergänzend - den Leistungen der Hilfe zur Pflege soll der Vorrang der häuslichen Pflege und die Pflegebereitschaft von Angehörigen und Nachbarn unterstützt und gestärkt werden, damit die Pflegebedürftigen möglichst lange in ihrer häuslichen Umgebung bleiben können.
Migrant*innen – die Pflegekräfte von morgen?
Authors: Ritter Monique
Published: February 2020

Der Zuzug von Migrant*innen könnte im Umgang mit dem Fachkräftemangel Chancen eröffnen. Doch Alltagsrassismen stehen dem häufig entgegen.
Knowledge Organization, Data and Algorithms: The New Era of Visual Representations
Authors: Clavier Viviane
Published: February 2020

This article shows how visual representations have progressively taken the lead over classical language-based models of knowledge organization (KO). The paper adopts a theoretical and historical perspective and focuses on the consequences of the changes in the volume of data generated by data production on the KO models. Until now, data visualization tools have been used mainly by researchers with expertise in textual data processing or in computational linguistics. But now, these tools are accessible to a greater number of users. Thus, there are new issues at stake for KO, other professions and institutions for gathering data that contribute to defining new standards and KO representations.
Data Papers as a New Form of Knowledge Organization in the Field of Research Data
Authors: Schöpfel Joachim , Farace Dominic , Prost Hélène , Zane Antonella
Published: February 2020

Data papers have been defined as scholarly journal publications whose primary purpose is to describe research data. Our survey provides more insights about the environment of data papers, i.e., disciplines, publishers and business models, and about their structure, length, formats, metadata, and licensing. Data papers are a product of the emerging ecosystem of data-driven open science. They contribute to the FAIR principles for research data management. However, the boundaries with other categories of academic publishing are partly blurred. Data papers are (can be) generated automatically and are potentially machine-readable. Data papers are essentially information, i.e., description of data, but also partly contribute to the generation of knowledge and data on its own. Part of the new ecosystem of open and data-driven science, data papers and data journals are an interesting and relevant object for the assessment and understanding of the transition of the former system of academic publishing.
Mittelbare Geschlechtsdiskriminierung im öffentlichen Dienst an Schule und Hochschule
Authors: Seyd Liesa
Published: February 2020

Despite legislative efforts, instances of gender inequality can still be identified in public services. In this this study and referring hereto, the author applies the prohibition of indirect gender discrimination to abstract test cases.

Even 45 years after its first application by the European Court of Justice, the legal concept of indirect discrimination raises a wide range of issues that are relevant in practice. Basing this study on an analysis of legal sources, the author considers these issues and clarifies the prohibition of indirect gender discrimination in public services. By examining legal norms in the employment fields of school and science, the author uncovers the causes of gender-specific discrimination created by the law and scrutinises their lawfulness. In this regard, she particularly criticises the employment conditions and salaries of Hessian primary school teachers.
Rechtssichere Gewichtung von Eingriff und Rechtfertigung in der verfassungsrechtlichen Abwägung
Authors: Wekel Christopher
Published: February 2020

Die Untersuchung versucht, eine rechtssichere Gewichtungsmethode der verfassungsrechtlichen Abwägung herauszuarbeiten.

Zuerst definiert die Ausarbeitung dazu den Prüfungsmaßstab des Rechtssicherheitsgebots. Dabei wird auch erörtert, inwiefern der Rechtssicherheitsgrundsatz mit nicht unmittelbar sanktionsbewehrten ‚weichen‘ Vorgaben Normanwendungsverfahren verbindlich zu mehr Berechenbarkeit ermahnt als das Willkürverbot. Um solche konkretisierungsbedürftigen Anforderungen zu präzisieren, prüft der Autor die Verfahrensregeln des Diskurses und wissenschaftstheoretischer Modelle wie die des kritischen Rationalismus auf ihre Eignung als Richtwerte.

Anhand dessen wird eruiert, wie sich Gewichtungsmethoden möglichst rechtssicher gestalten lassen. Hergebrachte Konzepte wie das von Alexy entwickelt der Autor dafür zu einem funktionalen Gewichtungsmodell fort. Dessen Form ist zweckmäßig darauf zugeschnitten, Spielräume zu minimieren und vorhersehbare Entscheidungen vorzugeben.
Reconnaissance of ‘Difference’ in Cognitive Maps: Authenticating Happily Ever After in Julia Quinn’s To Sir Philip with Love
Authors: Farooqui Javaria , Ashraf Rabia
Published: February 2020

This study explores differences in individual cognitive mapping of the protagonists in Julia Quinn’s novel, To Sir Philip with Love. A qualitative analysis of the maps, cartographed on physiological and psychological planes, finds them to be diverse in nature. A “difference” is developed, step by step, in the mental cognitive mapping of the female protagonist of Eloise and in the physical cognitive maps of the character the male protagonist, Philip. Nonetheless, the thesis lies in the inherent creativity caused by the collision of two varied cognitions. Analysis of these cognitions involves the creation of these characters according to the basic cognitive structure of the romance readers as well. After an investigation of the ‘mindscaping’ model, developed primarily around the main characters in To Sir Philip with Love, it is concluded that the positivity in the conflicting maps is established because of the genre of the novel, in which there is a need to channel the individual cognition towards the creation of a larger cognitive map for the readers, with authentication of Happily Ever After as its goal. Furthermore, this paper also locates the status of these findings within the romance narrative; authentication of HEA, works as a major building force in molding and constructing the authorial, fictional and reader cognition.
Building Scaffolds
Authors: Botin Lars ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: February 2020

Critical Constructivism and postphenomenology are two possible ways of describing, analysing and evaluating the role and meaning of technology in contemporary society and world. Whereas Critical Constructivism looks at the way technologies are dealt with on a macro level considering systems and programs, then postphenomenology digs into the individual and personal appropriation and understanding of technology in everyday life. This means that there is a gap for what concerns levels, but also in relation to what they want to accomplish. The critical stance of Andrew Feenberg in conceiving societal and political problems as ripe for radical technological change is met by postphenomenology’s pragmatic focus on how to build appropriate and meaningful structures for handling of emergent and imminent problems together with and through technology. This paper tries to bridge this gap by introducing the concept of scaffolding, which is inspired by Heidegger’s “Gestell,” but re-read in a new and different way than the usual pessimistic and deterministic interpretation where exploitation and “enframing” is at hand. Scaffolding is read as a common enterprise where we stretch and reach out towards each other in order to create platforms for interventions and activism. The paper is an attempt to direct this common enterprise in specific directions, and this directedness is indicative for our aims and goals. It is the claim that Critical Constructivism and postphenomenology should meet, and perform a certain kind of Techno-Activism when confronted with problems in technological society.
The Role of Impulsive Behavior in Predicting the Emotional/ Behavioral Problems of Adults with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Alamdarloo Ghorban Hemati , Jabbari Fatemeh Soosan , Arpanahi Alizamen Moulaee , Gholami Marziyeh
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this research was to investigate the role of impulsive behavior in the prediction of the emotional/behavioral problems of adults with intellectual disability (ID). The statistical population included all adults with ID who were being trained in vocational rehabilitation centers, supported by the State Welfare Organization of Iran and the educational organization for children with special needs, in Shahrekord, Iran, in 2017-2018. The sample consisted of 134 adults with ID, selected through convenience sampling. The Barratt Impulsiveness Scale Version 11 (BIS-11) was used for measuring the impulsive behavior and The Developmental Behavior Checklist for Adults was used for measuring the emotional and behavioral problems. The collected data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and simultaneous multiple regression. The results showed that impulsive behavior was a positive and significant predictor for emotional/behavioral problems and its subscales (P<0.01). Impulsive behaviors could predict emotional/behavioral problems such as self-absorbed problems, disruptive problems, antisocial problems, depressive problems, communication and anxiety disturbance and social relating problems. Therefore, designing and implementing preventive and interventional programs to improve the impulsive behavior of adults with ID appears to be necessary to reduce their emotional/behavioral problems.
Professional Factors of the Occurrence of Emotional Burnout Syndrome
Authors: Nagymzhanova Karakat M. , Aykenova Ryskeldy A. , Baikhozhaeva Bakhytkul U. , Suguralieva Aliya M. , Vlasova Nina V.
Published: February 2020

Objective: The problem of creating effective labour productivity is relevant for public and private sector organisations due to market volatility and determines important in addition to the introduction of optimal tools in the working process, the creation of the favourable environment in the staff team and as a consequence of the prevention of emotional burnout among employees.
Background: In conditions of social and economic instability in the CIS countries and competition in the labour market in a wide range of specialities, it leads to the increase of competencies and requirements for employees of the industry, and as a consequence increases their responsibility to the society.
Method: A retrospective research method was applied to identify cause-and-effect relationships and patterns between all components of the phenomenon of emotional burnout in the labour process.
Results: In the course of the research, a standardised Professional Burnout questionnaire was used. Also, criteria and a grading scale were identified, the results processed using statistical methods in the SPSS 17 data processing programme.
Conclusion: On the basis of the results of the research conducted, practical recommendations were formulated, the implementation of which will help reduce the level of emotional burnout among employees of the organisation