bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jaccard's heel: Radex models of criminal behaviour are rarely falsifiable when derived using Jaccard coefficient
Authors: Taylor Paul J. , Donald Ian J. , Jacques Karen , Conchie Stacey M.
Published: August 2010

Purpose. This article considers whether the modular facet of popular ‘radex’ models of offender behaviour is falsifiable or a statistical inevitability when using Jaccard coefficient, as evidence from other domains suggests.

Method. Data equivalent to that examined in previous papers, and artificial data varying on four parameters, were examined using the conventional procedure of deriving Jaccard coefficients and submitting these to a smallest space analyses (SSA‐I). The parameters were number of variables, number of cases, highest frequency of variable occurrence, and distribution of occurrences. Evidence of a modular pattern in each SSA‐I solution was assessed using one qualitative and two quantitative measures.

Results. When variables were free to occur in more than 50% of cases, none of the Jaccard‐based SSA‐I solutions supported the null hypothesis of no modular facet. This contrasts equivalent analyses using Yules Q, where 95.7% of the solutions supported the null hypothesis. When variables were restricted to occur in less than 50% of cases, the number of solutions supporting the null hypothesis changes to .003 and 78%, respectively. Analyses of the artificial data found that reducing the number of variables in a Jaccard‐based solution increased the likelihood of supporting the null hypothesis, which suggests that these solutions are structured by variable occurrence (i.e., frequency) rather than variable co‐occurrence.

Implications. Research using Jaccard coefficient to measure co‐occurrences among behaviours should not claim that the modular facet of their radex model is an empirical finding. Unfortunately, this is many of the existing publications.
Vapor-phase synthesis of one-dimensional ZnS, CdS, and ZnxCd1–xS nanostructures
Authors: Zhai Tianyou , Fang Xiaosheng , Zeng Haibo , Xu Xijin , Bando Yoshio , Golberg Dmitri
Published: August 2010

One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures have received prime attention due to their high potential in understanding fundamental physical concepts and constructing nanoscale electronic devices. ZnS and CdS, the well-known direct and wide bandgap semiconductors, have recently attracted significant research interest due to their special properties and applications in sensing, optoelectronics, piezoelectronics, and lasing. This article reviews the most recent activities in ZnS and CdS nanostructures, with an emphasis on the authors’ own results, and on 1D ZnS and CdS nanostructures, especially those synthesized using vapor deposition techniques. The review begins with a survey of ZnS and CdS nanostructures, and then is primarily focused on their 1D nanostructures, syntheses, characterizations, formation mechanisms, and optical and field-emission (FE) properties. Additionally, developments of ZnxCd1–xS composite nanostructures, including nanocombs and zigzag nanowires, are also discussed. Finally, we conclude this review with the perspectives and outlook on the future developments in this field.
Total synthesis of biologically active alkaloids using transition metals
Authors: Forke Ronny , Gruner Konstanze K. , Knott Kerstin E. , Auschill Stefan , Agarwal Sameer , Martin René , Böhl Markus , Richter Sabine , Tsiavaliaris Georgios , Fedorov Roman , Manstein Dietmar J. , Gutzeit Herwig O. , Knölker Hans-Joachim
Published: August 2010

We have developed efficient synthetic routes to heterocyclic ring systems using transition metals (palladium, iron, and silver). Recent applications of this chemistry to the total synthesis of biologically active alkaloids include carbazole alkaloids (pityriazole, euchrestifoline, the antiostatins), crispine A, pentabromo- and pentachloropseudilin. The two latter alkaloids represent a novel class of myosin ATPase inhibitors that led to the discovery of a new allosteric binding site of the protein.
Using Data-Collection Activities to Enrich Science Courses
Authors: Grumbine Richard
Published: August 2010

I describe the use of long-term data-collection projects for introductory biology or environmental science students at both the high school and the college nonmajors level. I provide specific examples of projects and information on guiding students as they learn to gather, organize, and describe data sets.
An Ecological Field Lab for Tracking Monarch Butterflies & Their Parasites
Authors: Wells Carrie N.
Published: August 2010

The inclusion of nonscientists in biological research projects has become a useful mechanism for capturing long-term ecological data while exposing students firsthand to science and the scientific method. I have combined several existing citizen-science-based research efforts focused on Danaus plexippus, the monarch butterfly, into a comprehensive yet simple ecological lab activity that is appropriate for all ages and biological backgrounds.
Picking Your Classmate's Brain: Four Inquiry-Based Experiments about the Human Brain
Authors: Prud'homme-Généreux Annie
Published: August 2010

Four inquiry-based laboratories are described that introduce students to the properties of human brain cells. These experiments require no technical equipment, are inexpensive and safe, and introduce students to genuine research using neuropsychological investigations as a means of studying the properties of brain cells. Students design and conduct an experiment using optical illusions to explore the activity and response of specific nerve cells of the visual system. Some of the successes and pitfalls of such an activity are discussed.
Radiologic Evaluation of Putty Versus Powder Form of Demineralized Bone Matrix in Sinus Floor Elevation
Authors: Üngör Cem
Published: August 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate differences in ossification of the 2 forms of demineralized bone matrix (DBM)—putty and powder—radiographically, using digital densitometry on panoramic radiographs in maxillary sinus floor augmentation procedures. Twelve subjects needing bilateral maxillary sinus floor augmentation for the placement of osseointegrated implants were included in this study. The left and right maxillary sinuses were augmented in the same session in each patient using the 2 preferred forms of DBM—putty and powder—during the same session. One sinus was augmented with DBM putty form and the other sinus was augmented with DBM powder form randomly. Every patient had a total of 4 panoramic radiographs taken, preoperatively and in the first, third, and sixth month postoperatively. The densitometry measurements were taken from each step of the aluminium step-wedge, from both sinuses from different points a total of 3 times, and the average of these measurements was calculated. The amount of mineralization in each graft material in every radiograph was clarified by the appearance of a difference in the equivalent aluminium thickness, and the obtained results were statistically evaluated. The results showed that there were no significant differences between two graft materials statistically. These two graft materials could be good alternatives in sinus lifting procedures because of less morbidity, lower price, and good ossification. The results indicate that 2 different types of DBM achieved good ossification in the sinus lifting procedure, and there is not a considerable distinction in these 2 forms.
Bevacizumab
Authors: Kazazi-Hyseni Filis , Beijnen Jos H. , Schellens Jan H. M.
Published: August 2010

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Evaluate the clinical use of bevacizumab, both for cancer and for non-oncologic diseases, and discuss approved and investigational combination chemotherapies that include bevacizumab.Describe the pharmacology of bevacizumab and its mechanism of action in order to predict degrees of patient response.

CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com.
Nurses in Need of Additional Support: Web Sites Offering Information in Eldercare Nursing Environments
Authors: Matusitz Jonathan , Breen Gerald-Mark , Marathe Shriram S. , Wan Thomas T. H.
Published: August 2010

Studies have shown the usefulness of telemedicine and telecare in multiple settings. One form of telemedicine is e-health. Residents of nursing homes are a unique population that may significantly benefit from the e-health resources available to their caregivers. E-health Web sites appear to be viable, feasible, and timely interventional methods to provide the additional knowledge and support practitioners in these settings may need to provide preventative, reactive, and remedial care for frail residents.
A Documentation Approach for Faith Community Nursing
Authors: Miller Sylvia , Carson Susan
Published: August 2010

Faith Community Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (American Nurses Association and Health Ministries Association, 2005) establishes the professional responsibility for documenting relevant data in a retrievable format that is both confidential and secure. Documentation systems used by faith community nurses (FCNs) need to be accurate, yet simple and concise. This article presents an approach to documenting FCN activities, the provided care, and outcomes of that care, while emphasizing the use of standardized nursing language.
Earnings Management Types and Motivation: A Study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Ming-Chia , Tsai Yuan-Cheng
Published: August 2010

A real activity manipulation model was applied to analyze the earning management behaviors of companies. Cluster analysis was conducted to explore types of earnings management behavior and the relationships were examined between different types of earnings management and motivation.
Results indicate that production/distribution manipulation is driven principally by speculative motivations, while accrued item manipulation is driven principally by altruistic motivation and by pressure from affiliated parties.
Reader Participation in the E-News Service in Taiwan
Authors: Lee Phoebus Chao-Kung , Lee Gin-Yuan
Published: August 2010

In the e-news service field, participation as well as involvement has been well-studied by researchers investigating Western cultures but in countries with emerging economies these topics have not received the same degree of attention. In this study we focused on Taiwan, as a New Industry
Country (NIC), particularly on “click-and-mortar” (paper and electronic) news service providers. We found no difference in intention to participate but extreme information may prevent involvement in participation in the news service. Our model provides information on the structure
of the competitive strategy (Porter, 2001) in an NIC.
Impact of Baseline Renal Function on the Efficacy and Safety of Aliskiren Added to Losartan in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Nephropathy
Authors: Persson Frederik , Lewis Julia B. , Lewis Edmund J. , Rossing Peter , Hollenberg Norman K. , Parving Hans-Henrik ,   for the AVOID Study Investigators
Published: August 2010

OBJECTIVE

Proteinuric diabetic patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are at high risk of renal and cardiovascular disease progression and treatment-related adverse events. This post hoc analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of aliskiren added to the maximal recommended dose of losartan according to baseline estimated GFR (eGFR) (stage 1–3 chronic kidney disease [CKD]).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In the Aliskiren in the Evaluation of Proteinuria in Diabetes (AVOID) study, 599 hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy received 6 months of aliskiren (150 mg daily titrated to 300 mg daily after 3 months) or placebo added to 100 mg losartan and optimal antihypertensive therapy. Exclusion criteria included eGFR <30 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and serum potassium >5.1 mmol/l.

RESULTS

Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups in all CKD stages. The antiproteinuric effects of aliskiren were consistent across CKD stages (19, 22, and 18% reduction). In the stage 3 CKD group, baseline serum creatinine levels were equal, but renal dysfunction, prespecified as a postrandomization serum creatinine elevation >176.8 μmol/l (2.0 mg/dl) occurred more frequently in the placebo group (29.2 vs. 13.6%, P = 0.032). Serum potassium elevations >5.5 mmol/l (based on a single measurement) were more frequent with aliskiren (22.5 vs. 13.6%) in stage 3 CKD. Adverse event rates were similar between treatments, irrespective of CKD stage.

CONCLUSIONS

Aliskiren added to losartan reduced albuminuria and renal dysfunction and was well tolerated, except for hyperkalemia (stage 3), independent of baseline CKD stage in patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and nephropathy.
Pain Response Classification Does Not Predict Long-Term Outcome in Patients With Low Back Pain Who Are Sick-Listed
Authors: Christiansen David , Larsen Kristian , Jensen Ole Kudsk , Nielsen Claus Vinther
Published: August 2010

Study Design

Prospective cohort study nested in a randomized clinical trial.

Objective

To investigate the prognostic value of pain response classification at initial physiotherapy examination in patients with low back pain (LBP) who are sick-listed.

Background

Recurrent and chronic LBP accounts for a substantial proportion of all absence from work. In predicting outcome in patients with LBP, psychosocial factors are thought to play an important role, while findings from clinical examination seem to be of more limited value. Mechanical evaluation, using repeated end range spinal movements that result in specific pain responses, has been shown to be of some value.

Methods

The study included 351 patients sick-listed because of LBP with or without sciatica. Prior to clinical examination, the patients completed a comprehensive questionnaire including questions on pain, function, and psychosocial factors. The physiotherapy examination included a standardized mechanical evaluation. Patients were classified into 3 groups according to their pain response: centralization, peripheralization, or no response. Outcomes were obtained by national register data, medical records, and a postal questionnaire at 1 year.

Results

At 1-year follow-up, 65% of the patients had returned to work. All pain response groups showed significant and clinically important improvements in both pain and disability. No significant differences were found between pain response groups in any outcome measure. Results remained unchanged after adjustment for potential confounders.

Conclusion

The prognostic value of pain response classification seems limited in patients sick-listed from work because of LBP.

Level of Evidence

Prognosis, level 1b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2010;40(10):606–615. doi:10.2519/jospt.2010.3388
How Can Movement Quality Be Promoted in Clinical Practice? A Phenomenological Study of Physical Therapist Experts
Authors: Skjaerven Liv Helvik , Kristoffersen Kjell , Gard Gunvor
Published: August 2010

Background

In recent years, physical therapists have paid greater attention to body awareness. Clinicians have witnessed the benefits of supporting their patients' learning of movement awareness through the promotion of their movement quality.

Objective

The aim of this study was to investigate how physical therapist experts promote movement quality in their usual clinical settings.

Design

A phenomenological research design that included a sampling strategy was devised. Using specific criteria, 6 lead physical therapists nominated a group of physical therapist experts from the fields of neurology, primary health care, and mental health. Fifteen informants, 5 from each field, agreed to participate.

Methods

In-depth interviews were conducted with a semistructured interview guide. The informants were invited to simply describe what they had experienced to be successful therapeutic processes for promoting movement quality. Each interview was audiotaped and transcribed. The data analysis was based on a multistep model.

Results

Three main themes emerged from the data. First, the physical therapists' embodied presence and movement awareness served as a precondition and an orientation for practice. Embodied presence is a bodily felt sense, a form of personal knowing that evokes understanding and fosters meaning. Second, creating a platform for promoting movement quality revealed implementation of psychological attitudes. Third, action strategies for promoting movement quality suggested a movement awareness learning cycle and components for clinical use.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated specific attitudes and skills used by physical therapist experts to promote movement quality in their clinical practice. These results may serve as a therapeutic framework for promoting movement quality in clinical physical therapy, although further research is needed.
Nationwide Acute Care Physical Therapist Practice Analysis Identifies Knowledge, Skills, and Behaviors That Reflect Acute Care Practice
Authors: Gorman Sharon L. , Wruble Hakim Ellen , Johnson Wendy , Bose Sujoy , Harris Katherine S. , Crist Molly H. , Holtgrefe Karen , Ryan Jennifer M. , Simpson Michael S. , Bryan Coe Jean
Published: August 2010

Background

Acute care physical therapy is a rapidly evolving practice area, but little is known about the skills, knowledge, and behaviors necessary for a clinician to be most effective in this area.

Objective

The objective of this study was to perform the first nationwide survey of acute care physical therapists to validate the knowledge, skill, and behavior sets that reflect practice parameters specific for acute care physical therapy.

Design

A survey format was used.

Methods

The Acute Care Physical Therapy Practice Analysis Survey was created on the basis of current literature and consensus of a 9-member Subject Matter Expert (SME) Group. The survey sections addressed knowledge areas, professional behaviors, and patient/client management approaches reflecting practice parameters specific for acute care physical therapy. Additionally, respondent demographic information was collected. Pilot testing necessitated minor changes in the survey. After revision, the survey questionnaire was sent to a sample of experienced acute care physical therapists throughout the United States.

Results

A convenience sample of 522 physical therapists who identified themselves as having extensive experience in acute care practice was used. Of these, 254 completed the survey, for a response rate of 48.7%. Through the use of predetermined decision rules, 34 items were eliminated on the basis of a descriptive analysis of survey results as well as a failure of the items to meet the threshold of specificity for acute care practice, as determined through SME Group consensus.

Limitations

The potential for self-selection bias, a sample weighted heavily with American Physical Therapy Association members and Acute Care Section members, and a small proportion of clinicians (<3%) with less than 1 year of acute care experience may limit generalizability of these results.

Conclusions

The results of this practice analysis describe distinct knowledge, skills, and behaviors specific for acute care physical therapy. The outcomes of the survey might assist in the development of professional (entry-level) acute care competencies, a petition for the recognition of specialization in acute care physical therapy, or both. In addition, the findings of this practice analysis could serve as the foundation for the development of residencies or fellowships in acute care practice.
Intervention Goals Determine Physical Therapists' Workload in the Acute Care Setting
Authors: Grill Eva , Huber Erika O. , Gloor-Juzi Thomas , Stucki Gerold
Published: August 2010

Background

Investigating determinants of physical therapy workload in the acute care setting is essential for planning interventions, for justifying resource allocation, and for reimbursement.

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine whether International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) intervention goals (ICF categories representing goals of physical therapy interventions typical for an acute care hospital) could predict physical therapy workload in the acute care hospital setting.

Design

This investigation was a multicenter, observational cohort study.

Methods

Patients were recruited from a representative sample of 32 acute care hospitals across Switzerland if they received physical therapy during their inpatient stay for the treatment of any injury or disease in 1 of 3 main diagnostic categories: musculoskeletal, neurological, and cardiopulmonary conditions. Physical therapists completed questionnaires at the time of the patients' discharge to report on ICF intervention goals. Information on workload was collected retrospectively from hospital documentation systems. Multivariable regression models were used to identify the intervention goals independently associated with workload.

Results

The mean workload for 642 patients (mean age=61 years [SD=18 years], 45% women) was 370 minutes. The daily workload for interventions ranged from 33 minutes (cardiopulmonary conditions) to 49 minutes (neurological conditions). There were significant variations in workload across hospital sites and medical disciplines. The goal “maintaining a body position” emerged as a significant indicator of a higher workload for all condition groups; the goals “attention functions” and “transferring oneself” were indicators for neurological and musculoskeletal conditions, respectively.

Limitations

Not all potential predictors of workload could be examined. Other, person- or setting-specific variables might have been relevant to workload. Case mix and clinical practice were representative only for Swiss hospitals.

Conclusions

A small set of intervention goals were the major factors influencing physical therapy workload, independent of diagnosis or clinical specialty. Describing variability in physical therapists' practices in the acute care setting and relating these data to relevant patient-centered outcomes are the initial steps for improving resource allocation and reimbursement for interventions that maintain or improve functioning.
Youth and Religiosity in Hungary, 2000-2008
Authors: Rosta Gergely
Published: August 2010

This essay analyses the changing religiosity of the Hungarian youth population between the ages of 15 and 29 after the millennium. The basis for this empirical investigation is provided by the three waves (2000, 2004, 2008) of the National Youth Study. From their results, a similar picture emerges on the religiosity of the youth as from other nation-wide surveys, in relation to the whole adult population. Since the first Youth Study a slow but steady decline has been witnessed in different dimensions of religiosity (practice, faith, self-classification). It is especially salient for institutionalised religiosity. At the same time, the vast majority of the Hungarian youth confess to believing in some kind of supernatural instance, though not necessarily a traditional Christian one.

The socio-demographical background to the differences in religiosity can be partly explained by the secularisation theory, but the effects of an expanded religious education are present too. In contrast to the secularisation thesis, however, the transmission of traditional religious conviction is much more likely in families with better educational backgrounds than other parts of the society, a phenomenon which points to a more and more elite type of church religiosity in Hungary.
Timing of Cord Clamping and it's Effect on Haematocrit and Clinical Outcome of Neonate
Authors: Mitra Ujjal , Shahidullah Md , Mannan Abdul , Nahar Zakia , Dey Sanjoy Kumar , Mannan Istiaq
Published: August 2010

Background: It is the usual practice to clamp umbilical cord immediately after birth.There is no sound evidence to support this approach, which might deprive the newbornof some benefits, such an increase in iron storage.Objectives: The study was done to determine the effect of timing of cord clamping onneonatal venous haemoglobin and haematocrit values and clinical outcome withinneonatal period.Methodology: This was a randomized, controlled trial performed in Obstetrical Unitwith support of Neonatal Unit of Paediatrics and Department of Clinical Pathology ofBSMMU on neonates born at term without complication to mothers with uneventfulpregnancies. After obtaining written parental consent newborns were randomly assignedto cord clamping within first 15 seconds (group-I Early Cord Clamping, ECC), ataround 1 minute (group-II Late Cord Clamping, LCC) after birth. The infant's venoushaemoglobin and haematocrit values were measured at 6 hours and 24 to 48 hoursafter birth.Results: 130 mothers were selected for study purpose. Finally 98 were analyzed, 50in early cord clamping group and 48 in late cord clamping group. Mean venoushaemoglobin and haematocrit values at around 6 and 24 to 48 hours of life weremeasured. Results were within physiological limit but difference were significantbetween 2 study groups. The prevalence of anaemia (Hb <14 gm%) was notsignificantly higher in group-I than group-II but relatively more newborns were anaemicin group-I. There was no significant difference in other neonatal outcomes and maternalpostpartum events.Conclusions: Delayed cord clamping at birth increases neonatal venous haemoglobinand haematocrit values within a physiologic range. No harmful effects were observedamong both groups. Furthermore this intervention seems to reduce the incidence ofneonatal anemia. This practice has been shown to be safe and should be practicedto increase neonatal haemoglobin and haematocrit values at birth.Key words: Early cord clamping (ECC); late cord clamping (LCC).DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i1.5670Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(1): 16-21
The Efficacy of Subcutaneous Versus Oral Methotrexate in Patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Talukder Manik Kumar , Islam Mohammad Imnul , Hossain Mahmuda , Rahman Shahana Akhter
Published: August 2010

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of subcutaneous versus oral methotrexate inpatients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) according to ACR 30 improvement criteria.Design: Prospective control trial (Parallel design) study.Setting: This study was carried out in the department of Paediatrics, BangabandhuSheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, during the periodfrom September 2006 to April 2008.Patients: A total of 40 patients participated in the study. They were divided in 2 equalgroups (Group A and Group B) alternatively matching with age, sex, and subtypes ofthe disease. Methotrexate was given orally in group A patients and subcutaneously ingroup B patients.Results: Amomg the core set variables active arthritis had the highest percentage ofimprovement in both the groups and laboratory criteria (ESR) showed lowestimprovement. According to ACR-30 criteria, improvement rate was higher in thesubcutaneous group than oral group (85% versus 65%). Side effects of MTX werealso less in subcutaneous group than oral group.Conclusion: From this study it may be concluded that the efficacy of subcutaneousMTX is more than oral MTX in JIA patients.Key words: Subcutaneous; oral; methotrexate; juvenile idiopathic arthritis.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i1.5671Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(1): 22-26
Refeeding Syndrome: A Review
Authors: Alam ABM Shahidul , Karim ASM Bazlul , Sadat S Anwar
Published: August 2010

Refeeding syndrome (RS) was first described among prisoners of far east after the second world war. Eating again after a long period of prolonged starvation seems to precipitate cardiac failure. It develops in malnourished patient who receives nutritional support after a long period of inadequate intake. It usually develops within four days of initiation of dietary therapy. Although no consensus definition exists, refeeding syndrome can be defined as the consequences of severe fluid and electrolyte shifts in malnourished patient when they are refed. It can develop after oral, enteral (through a tube) or parenteral (Intravenous) nutritional therapy. Phosphate plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various manifestations of refeeding syndrome. The biochemical hall mark of refeeding syndrome is hypophosphataemia.  DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i1.5672Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(1): 27-30
Fetal Outcome in Deliveries with Meconium Stained Liquor
Authors: Khatun Mst Hosna Ara , Arzu Jahanara , Haque Emdadul , Kamal MA , Al Mamun Mohammad Abdullah , Khan Mohammad Faizul Haque , Hoque Md Mahbubul
Published: August 2010

Introduction: Meconium staining amniotic fluid is associated with lots of adverseoutcome and has long been considered to be a bad predictor of fetal outcome.Objective: This prospective observational study was undertaken to find out immediatefetal outcome in meconium stained liquor.Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecologydepartment of Dhaka National Medical Collage Hospital from July to December 2008.The pregnant women with yellow, brown and thinly stained amniotic fluid in labour withgestational age 37 completed weeks were enrolled in the study. Their babies weretaken as case and followed upto 7 days after delivery in National Medical CollageHospital and in Dhaka Shishu Hospital after admission when required. Babies bornwithout meconium stained liquor were taken as a control.Results: Total 80 cases were enrolled in the study as case and 80 cases wereenrolled as control. Mean gestational age was 39.3±1.5 weeks in cases and 38.5±1.3weeks in control. There was 13.8% pregnancy induced hypertension in case groupand 3.8% in control group. Pre-eclampsia were present 10% in case group and 1.1%in control group (p<0.05). Caesarean deliveries were high (75%) in cases and it wasmuch higher with thick meconium (75%) as compared to the thin meconium (25%,p<0.001). Apgar scores in first minute and fifth minute were also low in cases. Birthasphyxia was more in cases (20%). Meconium Aspiration syndrome (25%) andConvulsion (3.8%) were developed only in cases. Admission in neonatal ward wasmore (22.5%) in cases (p<0.05) as compared to control. Neonatal mortality was high(3.8%) in cases than control (1.3%).Conclusion: Meconium stained amniotic fluid were associated with higher rate ofcaesarian delivery, increased need for neonatal resuscitation, increased rate of birthasphyxia with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, meconium aspiration syndrome,hospital admission and mortality.Key words: Meconium stained liquor; foetal outcome.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i2.5675Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(2): 41-45
Clinical Profile of Dengue Fever in Children
Authors: Alam ABM Shahidul , Sadat S Anwar , Swapan Zakaria , Ahmed Aftab U , Karim Md Nazmul , Paul HK , Zaman Sanjana
Published: August 2010

Background: Dengue infection has become endemic in Bangladesh since it hasbeen broken out in June 2000. Although children are the usual victim of dengueinfection, there is paucity of published data regarding dengue infection in children inour country.Objectives: This study was designed to document the presenting features and outcomeof Dengue infection in children.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was done among the childrenhaving Dengue infection. Fifty four consecutive patients were enrolled. Purposivesampling was done. In every patient a detailed history was taken. Clinical examinationsand relevant investigations were done. Data were collected in a predesigned structuredquestionnaire. Data were analyzed with the help of descriptive statistics and Chisquare(x2) Test.Results: The mean age of the patients was 6.5±3.5 years with equal male and femaleratio. Among 54 patients, 40.7% presented with dengue fever (DF), the rest (59.3%)presented with dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF). Most of the patients presented withhigh grade continued type of fever (75.9%), followed by abdominal pain (59.3%),vomiting (57.4%). Itchy rash and fever were the most important characteristic signs(75.9% each). Flushed appearance observed in 68.4% and 59.3% patients showedbleeding manifestation of which sub-conjunctival haemorrage was the commonestform (33.3%). Leucopenia were present in only 9.3% of the patients. Platelet countless than 100×109/L were found in 68.5% patients. Tourniquet test was positive in31.5% of cases. All of the patients had packed cell volume (PCV) less than 45%.Raised serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was observed in 40.7% of children.IgM and/or IgG antibodies for dengue virus were positive in 96.29% patients. Majority(94%) of the patients completely recovered from the disease and only 6% died.Conclusion: High grade continued fever, vomiting with abdominal pain and itchy skinrash (with normal platelet count) were the presenting features. Commonest form ofbleeding manifestation was subconjunctival haemorrhage. Bleeding manifestationhad a significant association with the degree of thrombocytopenia but no corelationwas observed with tourniquet test positivity.Key words: Dengue fever (DF); dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF); paediatric.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i2.5678Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(2): 55-58
Juvenile Dermatomyositis: An Update
Authors: Begum Tamanna , Rahman Shahana A
Published: August 2010

Juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (JIIM) are rare conditions which are probably autoimmune in nature. Childhood myositis is relatively more homogeneous than adult myositis. Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common paediatric inflammatory myopathy. It is a systemic vasculopathy with characteristic cutaneous findings and focal areas of myositis resulting in progressive proximal muscle weakness. Other paediatric inflammatory myopathies are: fewer cases of polymyositis, amyopathic dermatomyositis, overlap myositis and inclusion body myositis.JDM is a multi-system disease of uncertain aetiology that results in non-suppurative inflammation of striated muscles and skin. It differs from the adult form of dermatomyositis by much higher incidence of vasculitis, often with intimal proliferation of small blood vessels, thrombosis, and sometimes infarction, which can involve gastrointestinal tract and myocardium as well. Early in the course it is characterized by immune complex vasculitis of varying severity and later by development of calcinosis.  DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i2.5684  Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(2): 59-65
Predictors of Mortality in Ventilated Neonates in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Hossain M Monir , Shirin Mahfuza , Al Mamun Mohammad Abdullah , Hasan Md Nurul Akhtar , Sahidullah Md
Published: August 2010

Background: A large number of neonates in intensive care unit require mechanicalventilation due to various conditions and have a high mortality. To reduce the highmortality in this group of neonates, identification of risk factors is important.Objective: This study was undertaken to find out the predictors of mortality in ventilatedneonates in the Intensive Care Unit.Methods: This study was carried out in the Intensive Care Unit of Dhaka ShishuHospital from March 2006 to November 2006. Neonates consecutively put onmechanical ventilation during the study period were enrolled. The enrolled neonateswere divided into two groups; neonates who died after putting to the ventilator were ingroup-I and neonates who survived after receiving mechanical ventilation were ingroup-II. Clinical, biochemical and ventilator parameters were analyzed to find out thepredictors of mortality of ventilated neonates.Results: During the study period total 51 out born very critically sick neonates wereventilated due to different causes. Out of these 51 neonates, 58.8% were male with amale to female ratio 1.42:1. Mean age, weight and gestational age were 5.3±6.5 days,2171±796.2 gm and 34.8±4.1 weeks respectively. Out of 51 mechanically ventilatedneonates enrolled for this study, 70.6% died. Factors significantly different in nonsurvivorswere mean weight, mean gestational age, initial arterial pH and duration ofhospital stay (p<0.05). Weight <2500gm, gestation <34weeks, initial pH <7.1, PaCO2>60 mmHg, serum sodium <130 mmol/l, serum potassium <3.5 mmol/l and FiO2>60% were significantly associated with mortality in neonates requiring mechanicalventilation (p <0.05). Significant relation with mortality was found in those neonateswho developed complications during ventilation (p=0.01).Conclusion: Among the analyzed factors weight <2500gm, gestation <34weeks,initial arterial pH <7.1, O2 saturation<80%, PaCO2 >60mmHg, FiO2 >60%,hyponatremia, hypokalemia and complications during ventilation were the significantpredictors of mortality in ventilated neonates in the intensive care unit.Key words: Neonates; mechanical ventilation; predictors of mortality.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i3.5687Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(3): 77-82
Non-convulsive Status Epilepticus in Children, Electro-Clinical Profile and Response to a Specific Treatment Protocol
Authors: Banu Selina Husna , Mahbub Mostafa , Azam AZM Moshiul , Rani Shipra , Khan Naila Z
Published: August 2010

Objective: Non-convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) is an under-diagnosedneurological condition. We report the electroclinical profile and treatment outcome ofchildren diagnosed with NCSE.Methods: Total 45 children were identified with NCSE at the EEG laboratory fromSeptember 2004 to January 2009. Their presenting complaints, past clinical andbirth related information were meticulously recorded. On diagnosis the referringphysicians were requested to repeat the test after starting treatment. Later they weretreated with a specific protocol on admission at the Neurology Unit of Dhaka ShishuHospital. Two lines of treatment with daily routine EEGs were introduced. Electroclinicaloutcome were recorded on discharge. The children are still on regular followup to record the long-time result of the protracted treatment.Results: Motor regression and postural problem were the primary complaints in themajority (37/45, 82%) followed by involuntary movement, muscle twitching, jerks orfrequent fall (31/45, 69%), speech regression (29, 64%) and change of usual behavior(25/45, 56%). Prior major seizures (generalized tonic clonic, tonic or clonic) wasreported in 32/45, 71%, within 1 week to 1 year. Initial diagnosis was multiple includinghysteric conversion reaction, post-ictal regression or neuro-degenerative disorder.None was suspected with NCSE. Diagnosis was confirmed by the EEG finding ofcontinuous generalized (82%) or localized (18%) slow spike-wave complexes. Onprotracted treatment, 82% achieved the target.Conclusion: NCSE is common in children, may occur de-novo. The variable phenotypemay lead to erroneous diagnosis. A protracted treatment protocol is suggested. Furtherreporting on this issue will help to assist the clinicians for early-diagnosis and treatment.Key words: non-convulsive status epilepticus; electro-clinical diagnosis; motorfunctional regression; speech regression; behavioural changes.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i3.5689Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(3): 90-99
Mitochondrial Encephalo-Myopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke Like Syndrome (MELAS): A Case Report
Authors: Islam Kazi Ashraful , Rahman Md Misanur , Akhter Shaheen , Alam Syeda Tabassum , Mutanabbi Mahbub
Published: August 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v33i3.5692Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2009; Vol.33(3): 111-113
Nutritional Status of 1-5 Years Children of the Tea Workers in Sylhet Division
Authors: Muaz Syed Shafi Ahmed , Hasan Md Rabiul , Shamim Shamim Ahmed , Dev Archana , Kamar Saima
Published: August 2010

A cross-sectional community based study was conducted in four tea gardens ofSylhet division to assess the nutritional status of 1 to 5 years children of tea workers.Nutritional status was determined anthropometrically along with their socioeconomicbackground and the nutritional status was compared with the data obtainedfrom national survey. Prevalence of wasting was 42.3% whereas that of stuntingand underweight was 80.2% and 73% respectively. All these parameters are significantlyhigher than those obtained from national data (BDHS, 07). Though thechildren are breast fed at much higher rate in comparison with Bengali children,their mother’s educational status and body mass index are lower than that of Bengalipopulation. The nutritional status of children of tea workers are worse than that ofnational level.Key words: Tea workers; nutritional status.DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v34i1.5696Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2010; Vol.34(1): 11-16
Gastric Trichobezoar with Outlet Obstruction in a Child of 4 Years old - A Rare Occurrence
Authors: Naher Begum Sharifun , Kawser Chowdhury Ali , Amin Ruhul , Ishaq SM
Published: August 2010

DOI: 10.3329/bjch.v34i1.5699Bangladesh Journal of Child Health 2010; Vol.34(1): 25-27
Observing the Forest Canopy with a New Ultra-Violet Compact Airborne Lidar
Authors: Cuesta Juan , Chazette Patrick , Allouis Tristan , Flamant Pierre H. , Durrieu Sylvie , Sanak Joseph , Genau Pascal , Guyon Dominique , Loustau Denis , Flamant Cyrille
Published: August 2010

We have developed a new airborne UV lidar for the forest canopy and deployed it in the Landes forest (France). It is the first one that: (i) operates at 355 nm for emitting energetic pulses of 16 mJ at 20 Hz while fulfilling eye-safety regulations and (ii) is flown onboard an ultra-light airplane for enhanced flight flexibility. Laser footprints at ground level were 2.4 m wide for a flying altitude of 300 m. Three test areas of ~500 × 500 m2 with Maritime pines of different ages were investigated. We used a threshold method adapted for this lidar to accurately extract from its waveforms detailed forest canopy vertical structure: canopy top, tree crown base and undergrowth heights. Good detection sensitivity enabled the observation of ground returns underneath the trees. Statistical and one-to-one comparisons with ground measurements by field foresters indicated a mean absolute accuracy of ~1 m. Sensitivity tests on detection threshold showed the importance of signal to noise ratio and footprint size for a proper detection of the canopy vertical structure. This UV-lidar is intended for future innovative applications of simultaneous observation of forest canopy, laser-induced vegetation fluorescence and atmospheric aerosols.
Possibilities for RNA Interference in Developing Hepatitis C Virus Therapeutics
Authors: Berger Kristi L. , Randall Glenn
Published: August 2010

The discovery and characterization of the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway has been one of the most important scientific developments of the last 12 years. RNAi is a cellular pathway wherein small RNAs control the expression of genes by either degrading homologous RNAs or preventing the translation of RNAs with partial homology. It has impacted basic biology on two major fronts. The first is the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate almost every cellular process and are required for some viral infections, including hepatitis C virus (HCV). The second front is the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) as the first robust tool for mammalian cellular genetics. This has led to the identification of hundreds of cellular genes that are important for HCV infection. There is now a major push to adapt RNAi technology to the clinic. In this review, we explore the impact of RNAi in understanding HCV biology, the progress in design of RNAi-based therapeutics for HCV, and remaining obstacles.
Recursos constructivos en un soneto de Góngora
Authors: Senabre Ricardo
Published: August 2010

Las páginas que siguen muestran la armazón constructiva del soneto gongorino «La dulce boca que a gustar convida», por la cual su autor se distancia del soneto de Torquato Tasso, que le ha servido de modelo. Se trata de una técnica basada en estructuras duales que comportan una secuencia temporal, con un antes y un después, una fase de deslumbramiento y el posterior desengaño, como conviene al propósito admonitorio de esta composición.
Editorial
Authors: Carvalho João Eduardo Coin de
Published: August 2010

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Qualidade do sono em indivíduos com traumatismo raquimedular
Authors: Alves Rafael Gustavo , Fontes Sissy Veloso , Carvalho Luciane Bizari Coin de , Prado Gilmar Fernandes do
Published: August 2010

Introdução: Indivíduos com traumatismo raquimedular apresentam diversas alterações em suas vidas. No entanto, a característica do sono desses indivíduos é pouco estudada. Objetivo: Observar a prevalência de distúrbios do sono e a característica do sono em indivíduos com traumatismo raquimedular completo. Método: Os participantes do estudo (n= 28), 14 com traumatismo raquimedular (Grupo Estudo, GE) e 14 sem (Grupo Controle, GC), responderam a um questionário sobre distúrbios do sono e preencheram diário do sono durante 56 dias. As vaiáveis referentes ao questionário foram analisadas utilizando-se o qui-quadrado e as do diário do sono com o teste-t de Student. Resultados: Dois indivíduos do GE (14%) apresentaram sono insuficiente, um (8%) Atraso de Fase, um (8%) Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas, dois (14%) Movimentos Periódicos de Membros (PLMS). Esses resultados não foram diferentes dos apresentados pelo GC. O GE mostrou tempo total de sono com 62min a mais (p= 0,03), um repouso de 172min a mais (p= 0,01) e maior permanência na cama de 85min a mais (p= 0,02) do que o GC. Conclusão: Os indivíduos com traumatismo raquimedular apresentaram mais tempo total de sono, repouso e cochilos em relação ao GC.
Insônia
Authors: Varela Maria José V , Carvalho João Eduardo C , Varela Maite , Potasz Clarisse , Prado Lucila BF , Carvalho Luciane B C , Prado Gilmar Fernandes do
Published: August 2010

Insônia é a dificuldade em iniciar ou manter o sono, ou mesmo a percepção de um sono não-reparador, combinada com conseqüências adversas durante o dia como fadiga excessiva, queda da “performance” ou mudança de humor. O objetivo deste trabalho é procurar obter um entendimento desta condição, tentando aliar as questões de saúde física, psíquica e social, tendo um olhar mais apurado para a interligação entre os mesmos, discutindo o sofrimento desencadeado pela insônia como doença crônica. Atentando para o paciente, conceitos das ciências sociais e da psicanálise são considerados, assim como modelos de ciência para compreender o mundo social. Detém-se na visão do ser humano como integral, conectado à sua ontogênese e filogênese. Aprofunda-se esta busca de entendimento passando pelos conceitos de subjetividade, intersubjetividade e de cultura, focando os aspectos relativos ao impacto do sofrimento social na pessoa que vai lidar com o processo do adoecer, ou seja, como vai conviver com a cronicidade e o sofrimento de sua enfermidade. Concluímos que fatores psicossociais contribuem de maneira importante para compreender o sofrimento associado à condições crônicas como pode se dar na insônia, e que sua consideração pelos profissionais de saúde é necessária para seu tratamento.
Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas
Authors: Silva Filho Reginaldo de Carvalho , Conti Cristiane Fiqueni , Oliveira Marcio Moysés de , Valbuza Juliana Spelta , Do Prado Gilmar Fernandes
Published: August 2010

A Síndrome das Pernas Inquietas (SPI) é um distúrbio sensório-motor que causa grande desconforto em seus portadores, e ainda é pouco conhecido pela população e por profissionais da área médica. Pela falta de conhecimentos, muitos pacientes recebem diagnóstico errado e tratamento inadequado. Recentemente, os componentes genéticos da SPI têm sido mais estudados e compreendidos, o que pode melhorar o entendimento da fisiopatologia desta doença. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar uma revisão e atualização sobre os conhecimentos a respeito da SPI, incluindo métodos diagnósticos mais empregados e as opões de tratamento, buscando sempre a melhor evidência científica para cada situação.