bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copper–nickel embedded into a nitrogen-doped carbon octahedron as an effective bifunctional electrocatalyst
Authors: Qiao Lulu , Zhu Anquan , Yang Huan , Zeng Weixuan , Dong Rui , Tan Pengfei , Zhong Donglin , Ma Quanyin , Pan Jun
Published: July 2018

The CuNi-NC serves as an efficient bifunctional catalyst for HER and OER, in which the role of Ni is investigated in detail.
Striving to exploit alkyl electrophiles: challenge and choice in transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of sulfones
Authors: Liu Mengli , Zheng Yannan , Qiu Guanyinsheng , Wu Jie
Published: July 2018

Transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of alkyl sulfones as crystalline and readily available alkyl electrophiles via a radical process are highlighted.
Hydroxyapatite nanowire/collagen elastic porous nanocomposite and its enhanced performance in bone defect repair
Authors: Sun Tuan-Wei , Zhu Ying-Jie , Chen Feng
Published: July 2018

The biomimetic porous nanocomposite comprising ultralong hydroxyapatite nanowires and collagen exhibits significantly enhanced mechanical properties and superior bone defect repair performance.
Synthesis and properties of novel ammonium-based room-temperature gemini ionic liquids
Authors: Yang Xuzhao , Fang Yun
Published: July 2018

Ammonium-based asymmetrical gemini ionic liquids, 1-trimethylammonium-3-(pyridinium)propane bisdicyanamide and 1-trimethylammonium-3-(1-methylpiperidinium)propane bisdicyanamide were respectively synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR.
Evaluation of thin film fuel cells with Zr-rich BaZrxCe0.8−xY0.2O3−δ electrolytes (x ≥ 0.4) fabricated by a single-step reactive sintering method
Authors: Jeong Seongwoo , Kobayashi Taisei , Kuroda Kosuke , Kwon Hyuna , Zhu Chunyu , Habazaki Hiroki , Aoki Yoshitaka
Published: July 2018

This paper reports on the survey of power generation characteristics of anode-supported thin film fuel cells with Zr-rich side BaZrxCe0.8–xY0.2O3–δ (x = 0.4, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8) proton conducting electrolytes.
Hexagonal hollow silica plate particles with high transmittance under ultraviolet-visible light
Authors: Qomariyah Lailatul , Arif Aditya F. , Widiyastuti W. , Winardi Sugeng , Taniguchi Shuto , Ogi Takashi
Published: July 2018

Transparent hollow silica nanoplate particles with 99% and 100% transmittance respectively in ultraviolet and visible light.
Synthesis of an oxygen-linked germinal frustrated Lewis pair and its application in small molecule activation
Authors: Wang Yiheng , Li Zhen Hua , Wang Huadong
Published: July 2018

An oxygen-linked germinal frustrated Lewis pair was synthesized and its reactivities against a series of small molecules were investigated.
Zr–Cu alloy filler metal for brazing SiC ceramic
Authors: Zhou Bofang , Feng Keqin
Published: July 2018

The Zr–Cu filler metal is mainly used for the joining of SiC ceramic as a nuclear fuel cladding material.
Implications of cation-disordered grain boundaries on the electrochemical performance of the LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode material for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Shim Jae-Hyun , Im Jong-San , Kang Hyosik , Cho Namchul , Kim Young-Min , Lee Sanghun
Published: July 2018

The electrochemical properties of Li(NixCoyMnz)O2 (NCM) materials are decisively determined by the interplay of combined disordering of cations and the relevant chemical/electronic changes.
An IrRu alloy nanocactus on Cu2−xS@IrSy as a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst toward overall water splitting in acidic electrolytes
Authors: Joo Jinwhan , Jin Haneul , Oh Aram , Kim Byeongyoon , Lee Jaeyoung , Baik Hionsuck , Joo Sang Hoon , Lee Kwangyeol
Published: July 2018

An IrRu nanocactus on a Cu2−xS@IrSy core exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability toward both the hydrogen evolution reaction and the oxygen evolution reaction in an acidic electrolyte.
Rapid water transport through controllable, ultrathin polyamide nanofilms for high-performance nanofiltration
Authors: Zhu Junyong , Hou Jingwei , Zhang Ruijun , Yuan Shushan , Li Jian , Tian Miaomiao , Wang Penghui , Zhang Yatao , Volodin Alexander , Van der Bruggen Bart
Published: July 2018

Filtration-assisted preparation of high-performance nanofilm composite membranes used for nanofiltration with fast water transport and excellent mono/divalent salt selectivity.
Multifunctional electromechanical and thermoelectric polyaniline–poly(vinyl acetate) latex composites for wearable devices
Authors: Horta Romarís Laura , González Rodríguez M. Victoria , Huang Bincheng , Costa P. , Lasagabáster Latorre Aurora , Lanceros-Mendez S. , Abad López María José
Published: July 2018

Polyaniline–poly(vinylacetate) nanocomposites with a 3D segregated architecture have suitable electromechanical and thermoresistive properties for sensor applications in stretchable and wearable electronics.
Cped1 promotes chicken SSCs formation with the aid of histone acetylation and transcription factor Sox2
Authors: Zhang Chen , Wang Fei , Zuo Qisheng , Sun Changhua , Jin Jing , Li Tingting , Wang Man , Zhao Ruifeng , Yu Xinjian , Sun Hongyan , Zhang Yani , Chen GuoHong , Li Bichun
Published: July 2018

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) may apply to gene therapy, regenerative medicine in place of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, the application of SSCs was severely limited by the low induction efficiency and the lack of thorough analysis of the regulatory mechanisms of SSCs formation. Current evidences have demonstrated multiple marker genes of germ cells, while genes that specifically regulate the formation of SSCs have not been explored. In our study, cadherin-like and PC-esterase domain containing 1 (Cped1) expressed specifically in SSCs based on RNA-seq data analysis. To study the function of Cped1 in the formation of SSCs, we successfully established a CRISPR/Cas9 knockout system. The gene disruption frequency is 37% in DF1 and 25% in ESCs without off-target effects. Knockout of Cped1 could significantly inhibit the formation of SSCs in vivo and in vitro. The fragment of −1050 to −1 bp had the activity as Cped1 gene promoter. Histone acetylation could regulate the expression of Cped1. We added 5-azaeytidi (DNA methylation inhibitors) and TSA (histone deacetylase inhibitors) respectively during the cultivation of SSCs. TSA was validated to promote the transcription of Cped1. Dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that active control area of the chicken Cped1 gene is −296 to −1 bp. There are Cebpb, Sp1, and Sox2 transcription factor binding sites in this region. Point-mutation experiment results showed that Sox2 negatively regulates the transcription of Cped1. Above results demonstrated that Cped1 is a key gene that regulates the formation of SSCs. Histone acetylation and transcription factor Sox2 participate in the regulation of Cped1.
Unterschiede im Verlauf der neurologischen Frührehabilitation bei Patienten nach Hirninfarkt, intrazerebraler Blutung und nicht-traumatischer Subarachnoidalblutung
Authors: Röttinger Amely , Seidel Günter , Kücken Detmar , Zukunft Elke , Töpper Rudolf , Majewski Anja , Klose Karsten , Terborg Christoph , Klass Irina , Debacher Ulf
Published: July 2018

Patienten mit schweren neurologischen Krankheitsbildern werden nach Abschluss der Akutbehandlung in einer neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation der Phase B behandelt. Über die Hälfte dieser Patienten hat einen Schlaganfall. In dieser Arbeit erfolgt eine Beschreibung des rehabilitativen Verlaufes von Patienten, differenziert nach dem jeweils vorliegenden Schlaganfallsubtyp Hirninfarkt, intrazerebrale Blutung oder nicht-traumatische Subarachnoidalblutung.

Mit dem Erhebungsinstrument der Hamburger Asklepios Kliniken für die Schlaganfallfrührehabilitation wurde zwischen 07/12 und 12/16 der frührehabilitative Verlauf sowie der Aufnahme- und Entlassungsstatus von insgesamt 1327 Schlaganfallpatienten mit Hirninfarkt (921 Patienten), intrazerebraler Blutung (324 Patienten) und nicht-traumatischer Subarachnoidalblutung (82 Patienten) dokumentiert. Es erfolgte eine deskriptive und analytische Auswertung der Daten.

Es zeigte sich ein positiver Effekt der Frührehabilitation auf die Erholung aller Schlaganfallsubtypen mit einer Verbesserung des Frühreha-Barthel-Index, einer Reduktion der vorhandenen Kathetersysteme und der Verlegung der Mehrheit der Patienten in eine weiterführende Rehabilitationseinrichtung. Auch veranschaulichten die Daten den teilweise komplexen Verlauf der Frührehabilitation, hervorgerufen durch häufige medizinische Komplikationen, den hohen Anteil an Begleiterkrankungen und der großen Anzahl an Kathetersystemen bei Aufnahme als Hinweis auf Störung verschiedener Organfunktionen. Die einzelnen Schlaganfallsubtypen unterschieden sich wesentlich in den Patientencharakteristika (Alter, Geschlechtsverteilung) und im rehabilitativen Verlauf (Latenz bis zum Einschluss in die Phase B, Dauer der rehabilitativen Behandlung, Frühreha-Barthel-Index bei Aufnahme, Häufigkeit von bestimmten Kathetersystemen, Begleiterkrankungen und Komplikationen). Aufgrund dieser Unterschiede im rehabilitativen Verlauf sollte eine Betrachtung von Daten aus der neurologisch-neurochirurgischen Frührehabilitation differenziert nach dem jeweiligen Schlaganfallsubtyp erfolgen.
Short-term Results of Microendoscopic Muscle-preserving Interlaminar Decompression versus Spinal Process Splitting Laminectomy
Authors: Yoshimoto Mitsunori , Iesato Noriyuki , Terashima Yoshinori , Takebayashi Tsuneo , Yamashita Toshihiko , Fukushi Ryunosuke
Published: July 2018

Study Design A retrospective comparative study.

Objective To compare retrospectively the clinical results and surgical invasiveness of two different types of minimally invasive surgery for lumbar spinal canal stenosis: microendoscopic muscle-preserving interlaminar decompression (ME-MILD) and spinal process splitting laminectomy (SPSL).

Summary of Background Data ME-MILD and SPSL are minimally invasive procedures. However, the two procedures have not been compared in the literature.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively enrolled patients who underwent ME-MILD or SPSL from 2011 to 2015. The surgical invasiveness of each technique was determined by evaluating the time required for the surgical procedure, amount of blood loss, serum creatine kinase (CK) levels on postoperative day (POD) 1, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels on POD 3 and 7, and the hospitalization. The clinical results were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back Pain Evaluation Questionnaire score, the Short Form (36) Health Survey patient-reported outcome score, the visual analog scale for pain, a patient satisfaction score, and the incidence of surgical complications.

Results A total of 97 patients were evaluated: 58 patients underwent ME-MILD, and 39 patients underwent SPSL. No significant differences were observed in the clinical results between the two groups. Regarding surgical invasiveness, no significant difference was found in the amount of blood loss, levels of CK, hospitalization, or time required for the procedure. However, CRP levels were significantly lower in the ME-MILD group.

Conclusions ME-MILD and SPSL are both minimally invasive procedures. In a comparison of these two procedures, CRP was significantly lower in the ME-MILD group.
Site-Selective, Catalyst-Controlled Alkene Aziridination
Authors: Schomaker Jennifer , Mat Lani Amirah
Published: July 2018

Transition-metal-catalyzed nitrene transfer is a convenient method to introduce nitrogen into simple substrates through either alkene aziridination or C–H bond amination. Silver complexes have an unusual capability to accommodate a broad range of N-donor ligands and coordination geometries in catalysts competent for nitrene transfer. This behavior has resulted in the ability to achieve tunable chemoselectivity between aziridination and C–H bond amidation, as well as tunable site-selective functionalization between two different C–H bonds. In this paper, efforts to engage the diversity of silver and rhodium catalysts to accomplish selective and tunable aziridination of mixtures of alkenes are discussed. It was found that the selectivity of dinuclear Rh catalysts is dictated largely by steric effects, while the identity of the ligand on silver can be tuned to influence whether the steric or electronic features in the competing alkenes is the primary factor controlling which precursor is preferentially aziridinated.
Clenching Reduction Technique for Osteosynthesis of Atypical C2 Fractures with the Combining Use of Laminar and Pedicle Screw: A Technical Note
Authors: Lee Suk-Joong , Lee Hyun-Joo , Mun Jong-Uk , Choi Ji-Yeon , Min Woo-Kie
Published: July 2018

Atypical C2 fractures refer to all fracture types of the C2 body excluding odontoid fractures and traumatic spondylolisthesis of C2. A 55-year-old male patient presented with neck pain after a vehicular accident. Computed tomography (CT) showed an oblique fracture line of the C2 vertebral body through the pedicle and lamina with fracture gap and posterior displacement. We used a clenching reduction technique to treat this fracture by using an ipsilateral laminar screw and contralateral pedicle screw. The final follow-up CT scan showed complete bone union. Neck motion was preserved including rotation. For this unstable atypical C2 fracture, the clenching reduction technique proved to be a safe and effective technique while salvaging neck motion.
Immunohistochemical Analysis of Cerebral Intraparenchymal Choroid Plexus Tumor: Case Report
Authors: Sawamura Yutaka , Tanaka Shinya , Fujimaki Takamitsu , Hirose Shigehisa , Aida Toshimitsu , Katoh Masahito
Published: July 2018

Background It is very rare for a choroid plexus tumor to occur intraparenchymally in the absence of a relation to the choroid plexus.

Clinical Presentation A case of cerebral intraparenchymal choroid plexus tumor in a 30-year-old woman presenting with left hemiparesis is described. Brain magnetic resonance imaging depicted a large cystic mass in the right frontal lobe. Tumor resection was performed by right frontal craniotomy. No connection with the choroid plexus was observed during the operation. Histologically, the tumor exhibited a glandular structure with a papillary pattern suggesting a neoplasm of epithelial origin. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed the tumor as an atypical choroid plexus papilloma.

Conclusion Immunohistochemical findings, especially regarding Kir7.1, are very important for the differential diagnosis of cerebral intraparenchymal choroid plexus tumors from metastatic tumors. The present case reveals that an atypical choroid plexus papilloma can occur intraparenchymally without an association with the choroid plexus. Intraparenchymal atypical choroid plexus papillomas may have previously been diagnosed incorrectly as metastatic adenocarcinomas of unknown origin.
Reintroduction of the Rat for Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Accelerated Clot Formation: A Low Mortality Model with Persistent Clots as a Precondition for Studies in Vasospasm
Authors: Budde Ulrich , Middendorff Ralf , Manthei Gerd , Kemmling Andre , Tiemann Bastian , Ehlert Angelika
Published: July 2018

Background Cerebral vasospasm as a delayed, possibly treatable sequel of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a focus of experimental animal research. For this purpose, the rat is not a good model because of the difficulty creating a stable subarachnoid clot that persists > 1 to 2 days and could induce vasospasm. Only in rat models with a high mortality of ∼ 50% or more can SAH and its effects be investigated. Therefore, other animals than rodents are used for investigating the delayed effects of SAH. Only animal studies addressing the acute effects of SAH use rats.

Objective We designed a model that allows intensive clot formation combined with low mortality to facilitate studies on the delayed effects of experimental SAH, for example, delayed vasospasm or other alterations of vessels.

Methods After in vitro acceleration of the clotting process in the rats' blood by tissue factor and preliminary in vivo testing, we induced a SAH by injecting blood together with tissue factor in 22 rats. We analyzed clot expansion, length of clot persistence, chronic alterations, and histologic changes.

Results The injection of blood supplemented by tissue factor led to persistent voluminous blood clots in the subarachnoid space close to the large arteries. Despite the pronounced SAH, all animals survived, allowing investigation of delayed SAH effects. All animals killed within the first 7 days after surgery had extensive clots; in some animals, the clots remained until postoperative day 12. During further clot degradation connective tissue appeared, possibly as a precursor of SAH-related late hydrocephalus.

Conclusion The injection of blood together with tissue factor significantly improves SAH induction in the rat model. This rat model allows studying delayed SAH effects as found in humans.
Atlantoaxial Instability in Patients Older Than 70 Years: What Is the Outcome When Further Conservative Treatment Is Not an Option?
Authors: Klingler Jan-Helge , Scheiwe Christian , Naseri Yashar , Masalha Waseem , Hubbe UIrich , Scholz Christoph
Published: July 2018

Objective We report on our experiences of navigated posterior C1–C2 spondylodesis in the elderly (≥ 70 years of age).

Patients This retrospective cohort study evaluated all patients ≥ 70 years of age treated with navigated posterior spondylodesis C1-C2 (at the most to C3) from 2008 to 2015 with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. Minor and major complications within 30 days after surgery, patient outcome, and the rate of solid fusion in computed tomography were recorded. The follow-up over 1 year was conducted by outpatient examinations and via telephone interviews.

Results Twenty-two patients with a mean age of 79.9 years (range: 71–91 years) were treated. Minor complications were mild pneumonia (18.2%), postoperative confusion (9.1%), and urinary tract infection (4.5%). Major complications were severe pneumonia (4.5%) and clinically asymptomatic vertebral artery injury (4.5%). The mortality rate was 13.6% (n = 3) within the first 30 days after surgery and 22.7% (n = 5) within 1 year. All deceased patients were > 85 years of age.

Conclusion In our patient population, posterior spondylodesis was shown to be beneficial for patients > 70 years up to age ∼ 85 years. The mortality rate increased sharply in patients > 85 years. In these patients the indication for surgery should be critically evaluated.
Carrier Detection in Severe (Type III) von Willebrand Disease Using Two Intragenic Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms
Authors: Bahnak B R , Lavergne J M , Verweij C L , Rothschild C , Pannekoek H , Larrieu M J , Meyer D
Published: July 2018

DNA from a family with a female member affected with severe (type III) vWD was analysed using three restriction enzymes and a partial vWF cDNA probe. Two restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) detected with the enzymes Bgl II and Xba I proved to be informative in this family. A 36.0 Kb allele, demonstrated with the enzyme Xba I was rare in the general population but very important in this family for segregation analysis of the alleles and their association with the putative defective chromosome. The propositus was homozygous for the 36.0 Kb Xba I polymorphic band and heterozygous for the Bgl II polymorphism. She was the only member of the family showing this allelic pattern. The linkage of the alleles could be determined because her mother was homozygous for the 9.0 Kb Bgl II polymorphism but heterozygous for the Xba I polymorphism. The segregation of the alleles could be traced to the proband’s son and a niece. The genotypic analysis revealed that her niece could be considered as carrying a defective gene for severe vWD.
In Vitro Inhibition of Urokinase by Penicillins
Authors: Higazi Abd Al-Roof , Mayer Michael
Published: July 2018

Urokinase activity was assayed by a two-stage globinolytic method and by a direct chromogenic assay. With both methods, the enzyme activity was found to be inhibited by penicillins. The inhibition by penicillin G, carbenicillin, cloxacillin and penicilloic acid was dose-dependent. The Kj of penicillin G and urokinase with the S-2444 as substrate is 4 mM. This compound exhibited a competitive pattern of inhibition. Ampicillin and 6-amino penicillanic acid failed to inhibit urokinase. These results imply that hydrophobic side chains of penicillins interact with the active site of urokinase. The present observation could be relevant in clinical situation in which high doses of beta-lactam antibiotics could modulate the endogenous fibrinolytic activity of circulating urokinase.
Dose-Response Aggregometry in Maternal/Neonatal Platelets
Authors: Gader A M A , Bahakim H , Jabbar F A , Lambourne A L , Gaafar T H , Edrees Y B
Published: July 2018

The aggregation of platelets collected from maternal/neonatal pairs (n = 240) at the time of childbirth, was studied in response to multiple doses of ADP, collagen, arachidonic acid and ristocetin. Similar responses were obtained from healthy nonpregnant adult controls for comparison. The lag phase, slope of the aggregation curves as well as maximum aggregation (MA%) were recorded and analysed. Neonatal and adult platelets exhibited more enhanced responses to decreasing doses of ADP, arachidonic acid and ristocetin, than maternal platelets. These enhanced responses were exhibited more consistantly in the slopes of the aggregation curves than in MA%. Although neonatal platelets have shown longer lag phase in their responses to collagen, the rate of the aggregation reaction was significantly faster than maternal platelets, with no differences in MA%. These results contradict many previous reports suggesting impaired aggregation responses of neonatal platelets to these agonist. The possible reasons for these contradictions were discussed.
Morphological and Functional Aspects of Cellular Hemostatic Mechanisms
Authors: White J. G.
Published: July 2018

Transmission, scanning and low-voltage, high resolution scanning electron microscopy have provided fundamental knowledge of relationships between plate-let structure and function. In combination with ultrastructural cytochemistry and immunocytochemistry, basic aspects of shape change, pseudopod extension, internal transformation, secretion, adhesion, aggregation, spreading, hemostatic plug formation and thrombus development have been defined. The morphological events of the platelet reaction in hemostasis have been linked to biochemical alterations. The result is a comprehensive picture of cellular aspects of hemosta-sis. This knowledge provides a basis for designing programs of treatment for heart attacks, strokes and other occlusive vascular disorders, as well as for their prevention.
Platelets and Megakaryocytes in Vascular Disease
Authors: van der Loo B. , Martin J. F.
Published: July 2018

Platelets are involved in both atherosclerosis and its complications including coronary artery thrombosis. They are derived from their precursor, the mega-karyocyte (MK), a unique cell in mammalians as it can double its DNA content without intervening mitoses. There is growing evidence that changes in the megakaryocyte - platelet - haemostasis axis precede acute thrombotic events, therefore suggesting a preexisting prethrombotic state prior to thrombosis. In this context, interest has focused on changes in megakaryocyte DNA content and its relationship to platelet reactivity. An increase in MK ploidy may be associated with the production of large platelets. Large platelets are denser and are more reactive haemostatically. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is increased in patients immediately after myocardial infarction (Ml) and is a predictor of a further ischaemic event when measured after Ml.

One of the haematopoietic factors that regulate megakaryocytopoiesis has recently been characterized as the c-mpl ligand. This finding, and an understand-ing of the signalling system that controls not only platelet number but also size, might give insight into a role for platelet production in thrombogenesis and athe-rogenesis.
Megakaryocytes and Platelets as the Main Cause for Vascular Events in Chronic Myeloproliferative Disorders
Authors: Schneider W. , Wehmeier A.
Published: July 2018

Megakaryocytes are part of clonal hematopoiesis in chronic myeloproliferative disorders and are responsible for most of the clinical complications in this disease. About 30-40% of patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) suffer from thrombotic complications, and microcirculatory disorders are common. Spontaneous bleeding mainly from the gastrointestinal tract is another complication that is especially prevalent in myelofibrosis and advanced stages of chronic myeloid leukemia.

In vivo, the bone marrow is hypercellular and the concentration of megakaryocytes increased with characteristic morphological abnormalities. Megakaryocytes are enlarged and ploidy is increased in PV and ET but small mononuclear cells with decreased ploidy are a feature of CML. Despite spontaneous growth in cul-ture, megakaryocytes in chronic MPD are hypersensitive to added interleukin-3, interleukin-6 and GM-CSF.

Platelets released from these megakaryocytes show abnormal morphology and ultrastructure, reflected in loss of storage granules and organelles, increased volume distribution and low buoyant density. Uptake, storage and secretion of platelet dense granule constituents is abnormal, and the plasma levels of platelet specific proteins which may also include growth factors for fibroblasts are elevated. At high platelet counts, spontaneous aggregation is observed, whereas agonist-induced aggregation in vitro with adrenaline, ADP and collagen is often defective. Platelet thromboxane generation may be stimulated, and production along the lipoxygenase pathway is decreased. Abnormalities of glycoprotein receptors and decreased fibrinogen binding have been reported but their clinical significance is uncertain. Several observations suggest that not only receptor defects but ineffective intracellular signalling may be responsible for platelet function abnormalities.

No single underlying defect has been discovered that could explain this variety of pathological findings. Moreover, a combination of intrinsic megakaryocyte abnormalities and increased susceptibility of platelets to activation makes it difficult to differentiate secondary phenomena from effects of clonal hematopoiesis. How-ever, there are some clinical guidelines for therapy.

Most elderly patients will be treated with cytoreductive therapy. Alkylating drugs and 32P have been shown to be leukemogenic, but even hydroxyurea may have a 10% incidence of leukemia induction after long-term therapy. Therapy with platelet-inhibitory drugs is often not sufficient to control thrombosis, and may aggravate a bleeding tendency, so that younger patients with PV and ET are increasingly treated with anagrelide or interferon alpha (A-IFN). Anagrelide is a quinazolin derivative that specifically inhibits megakaryocytopoiesis, while A-IFN may suppress clonal hematopoiesis by an unknown mechanism.
Erworbene Inhibitoren gegen Faktor IX
Authors: Scharrer Inge
Published: July 2018

Spontan erworbene Faktor-IX-Hemmkörper treten sehr selten auf, wesentlich seltener als spontan erworbene Faktor-Vlll-Hemmkörper. Die durch sie verursachte Blutungsneigung ist ähnlich derjenigen, die durch Faktor-Vlll-Hemmkörper induziert werden kann. Auch die Grundkrankheiten sind ähnlich denen, die bei den spontanen Faktor-Vlll-Hemmkörpem vorliegen.

Die Diagnose erfolgt mit Hilfe der Bethesda-Methode. Lupus-Antikoagulanzien sollten vorher ausgeschlossen werden. Faktor-IX-Hemmkörper sind nicht so ausgeprägt temperatur- und zeitabhängig wie Faktor-Vlll-Inhibitoren. Sie weisen keine komplexe Kinetik auf. Meist sind es Immunglobuline der IgG-Klasse 1-4. Die Blutstillungstherapie kann mit Feiba® oder rekombinantem Faktor Vila erfolgen. Durch Plasmapheresen kann die Titerhöhe reduziert werden. Zur Elimination empfiehlt sich eine immunsuppressive Therapie, zum Beispiel eine Kombination von Cyclophosphamid und Kortikosteroiden.
Erworbene Inhibitoren gegen Faktor XIII
Authors: Kröniger A. , Seitz R. , Egbring R.
Published: July 2018

Antikörper gegen FXIII sind extrem selten: Bisher wurden zwei Patienten mit angeborenem FXIII-Mangel und 21 vorher gerinnungsnormale Patienten beschrieben, die Hemmkörper gegen FXIII entwickelten. Häufigster Auslöser für erworbene FXIII-Hemmkörper, die eine defekte Fibrinvernetzung verursachen, ist die Langzeitanwendung bestimmter Medikamente. Die Blutungssymptomatik zeigt das gesamte Spektrum des schweren FXIII-Mangels. Sofern ein Medikament als Ursache des Hemmkörpers in Frage kommt, ist dieses sofort abzusetzen. Weiterhin sollte versucht werden, durch hochdosierte Gabe eines FXIII-Konzentrates den Inhibitor zu überspielen und damit eine Blutstillung zu erzielen
Direction of cascades in a magnetofluid model with electron skin depth and ion sound Larmor radius scales
Authors: Miloshevich George , Morrison Philip J. , Tassi Emanuele
Published: July 2018

The direction of cascades in a two-dimensional model that takes electron inertia and ion sound Larmor radius into account is studied, resulting in analytical expressions for the absolute equilibrium states of the energy and helicities. These states suggest that typically both the energy and magnetic helicity at scales shorter than the electron skin depth have a direct cascade, while at large scales the helicity has an inverse cascade as established earlier for reduced magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). The calculations imply that the introduction of gyro-effects allows for the existence of negative temperature (conjugate to energy) states and the condensation of energy to the large scales. Comparisons between two- and three-dimensional extended MHD models (MHD with two-fluid effects) show qualitative agreement between the two.
Epithelial vertex models with active biochemical regulation of contractility can explain organized collective cell motility
Authors: Koride Sarita , Loza Andrew J. , Sun Sean X.
Published: July 2018

Collective motions of groups of cells are observed in many biological settings such as embryo development, tissue formation, and cancer metastasis. To effectively model collective cell movement, it is important to incorporate cell specific features such as cell size, cell shape, and cell mechanics, as well as active behavior of cells such as protrusion and force generation, contractile forces, and active biochemical signaling mechanisms that regulate cell behavior. In this paper, we develop a comprehensive model of collective cell migration in confluent epithelia based on the vertex modeling approach. We develop a method to compute cell-cell viscous friction based on the vertex model and incorporate RhoGTPase regulation of cortical myosin contraction. Global features of collective cell migration are examined by computing the spatial velocity correlation function. As active cell force parameters are varied, we found rich dynamical behavior. Furthermore, we find that cells exhibit nonlinear phenomena such as contractile waves and vortex formation. Together our work highlights the importance of active behavior of cells in generating collective cell movement. The vertex modeling approach is an efficient and versatile approach to rigorously examine cell motion in the epithelium.
A combined photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and laser absorption spectrometry flash photolysis apparatus for simultaneous determination of reaction rates and product branching
Authors: Middaugh Joshua E. , Buras Zachary J. , Matrat Mickael , Chu Te-Chun , Kim Young-Seok , Alecu Ionut M. , Vasiliou AnGayle K. , Goldsmith C. Franklin , Green William H.
Published: July 2018

In recent years, predictions of product branching for reactions of consequence to both combustion and atmospheric chemistry have outpaced validating experiments. An apparatus is described that aims to fill this void by combining several well-known experimental techniques into one: flash photolysis for radical generation, multiple-pass laser absorption spectrometry (LAS) for overall kinetics measurements, and time-resolved photoionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI TOF-MS) for product branching quantification. The sensitivity of both the LAS and PI TOF-MS detection techniques is shown to be suitable for experiments with initial photolytically generated radical concentrations of ∼1 × 1012 molecules cm−3. As it is fast (μs time resolution) and non-intrusive, LAS is preferred for accurate kinetics (time-dependence) measurements. By contrast, PI TOF-MS is preferred for product quantification because it provides a near-complete picture of the reactor composition in a single mass spectrum. The value of simultaneous LAS and PI TOF-MS detection is demonstrated for the chemically interesting phenyl radical + propene system.
Study of distance dependence of hydrophobic force between two graphene-like walls and a signature of pressure induced structure formation in the confined water
Authors: Samanta Tuhin , Biswas Rajib , Banerjee Saikat , Bagchi Biman
Published: July 2018

We examine the separation distance dependence of the hydrophobic force by systematically varying the distance (d) between two walls. The hydrophobic force exhibits a distance mediated crossover from a liquid-like to a gas-like behavior at around d ∼ 12 Å for 1 atm pressure. The distance dependence can be fitted to a bi-exponential form, with the longer distance part displaying a correlation length of 20 Å. In addition, the crossover is found to be accompanied by a divergent-like growth of the local relative number fluctuation of the water molecules confined between the two surfaces. Furthermore, at a fixed separation (d = 20 Å), we observe a pressure induced structural modification of confined water at high pressure. The confined water is found to form an ordered structure at high pressure (10 000 atm) and room temperature, in agreement with the experimental study [G. Algara-Siller et al. Nature 519(7544), 443 (2015)].
Theoretical analysis and experimental observation of frequency mixing response of ultrasonic Lamb waves
Authors: Li Weibin , Deng Mingxi , Hu Ning , Xiang Yanxun
Published: July 2018

In this work, we analyze theoretically and observe experimentally the frequency mixing response induced by the collinear interaction of two primary Lamb waves with different frequencies in an isotropic and homogenous plate. The internal resonance conditions for generating the combined harmonics are analyzed by using a perturbation approach and a normal-mode-expansion technique for waveguide excitation. The second- and third-order combined harmonics generated by the collinear wave mixing of two primary Lamb waves propagating in a specimen are analyzed, and the existence of the combined harmonics at specific frequencies is predicted. An experimental procedure is proposed to measure the combined harmonics induced by the collinear cross-interaction of the two specific primary Lamb waves at given frequencies. The theoretical prediction of the appearance of the combined harmonics at the specific mixing frequencies is consistent with experiment. The theoretical analysis and experimental observation provide a clear physical insight into the frequency-mixing response induced by the collinear cross-interaction of two primary ultrasonic Lamb waves.
Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations on internal conversion and intersystem crossing processes in gold(i) compounds
Authors: Liu Xiang-Yang , Li Zi-Wen , Fang Wei-Hai , Cui Ganglong
Published: July 2018

The position at which the second gold(i)-phosphine group is attached was experimentally found to play a noticeable role in intersystem crossing rates of gold(i) naphthalene derivatives. However, the physical origin is ambiguous. Herein we have employed generalized trajectory-based surface-hopping dynamics simulations to simulate the excited-state relaxation dynamics of these gold(i) naphthalene compounds including both the intersystem crossing process from the initially populated first excited singlet states S1 to triplet manifolds and internal conversion processes within these triplet states. Our predicted intersystem crossing rates are consistent with experiments very well. On the basis of the present results, we have found that (1) ultrafast and subpicosecond intersystem crossing processes are mainly caused by small energy gaps and large spin-orbit couplings between S1 and Tn; (2) adding the second gold(i)-phosphine group does not increase spin-orbit couplings between S1 and Tn but decrease their values remarkably, which implies that heavy-atom effects are state-specific, not state-universal; (3) the position at which the second gold(i)-phosphine group is attached has a remarkable influence on the electronic structures of S1 and Tn and their relative energies, which affect energy gaps and spin-orbit couplings between S1 and Tn and eventually modulate intersystem crossing rates from S1 to Tn. These new insights are very useful for the design of gold-containing compounds with excellent photoluminescence properties. Finally, this work also exemplifies that different isomers of a compound could have distinct excited-state relaxation dynamics.
The three-body problem in dimension one: From short-range to contact interactions
Authors: Basti Giulia , Cacciapuoti Claudio , Finco Domenico , Teta Alessandro
Published: July 2018

We consider a Hamiltonian describing three quantum particles in dimension one interacting through two-body short-range potentials. We prove that, as a suitable scale parameter in the potential terms goes to zero, such a Hamiltonian converges to one with zero-range (also called delta or point) interactions. The convergence is understood in the norm resolvent sense. The two-body rescaled potentials are of the form vσε(xσ)=ε−1vσ(ε−1xσ), where σ = 23, 12, 31 is an index that runs over all the possible pairings of the three particles, xσ is the relative coordinate between two particles, and ε is the scale parameter. The limiting Hamiltonian is the one formally obtained by replacing the potentials vσ with ασδσ, where δσ is the Dirac delta-distribution centered on the coincidence hyperplane xσ = 0 and ασ=∫Rvσdxσ. To prove the convergence of the resolvents, we make use of Faddeev’s equations.
Strongly temperature-dependent recombination kinetics of a negatively charged exciton in asymmetric quantum dots at 1.55 µm
Authors: Dusanowski Ł. , Gawełczyk M. , Misiewicz J. , Höfling S. , Reithmaier J. P. , Sęk G.
Published: July 2018

We report on strongly temperature-dependent kinetics of negatively charged carrier complexes in asymmetric InAs/AlGaInAs/InP quantum dots (dashes) emitting at telecom wavelengths. The structures are highly elongated and of large volume, which results in atypical carrier confinement characteristics with s-p shell energy splittings far below the optical phonon energy, which strongly affects the phonon-assisted relaxation. Probing the emission kinetics with time-resolved microphotoluminescence from a single dot, we observe a strongly non-monotonic temperature dependence of the charged exciton lifetime. Using a kinetic rate-equation model, we find that a relaxation side-path through the excited charged exciton triplet states may lead to such behavior. This, however, involves efficient singlet-triplet relaxation via the electron spin-flip. Thus, we interpret the results as an indirect observation of strongly enhanced electron spin relaxation without a magnetic field, possibly resulting from atypical confinement characteristics.
Growth of ordered arrays of vertical free-standing VO2 nanowires on nanoimprinted Si
Authors: Mutilin S. V. , Prinz V. Ya. , Seleznev V. A. , Yakovkina L. V.
Published: July 2018

In recent years, the synthesis and study of individual single-crystal VO2 nanowires (NWs) have been attracting much interest due to the unique properties of the material related with the single-domain metal-insulator phase transition in such NWs. Although single-crystal VO2 NWs offer much promise for practical applications, the lack of a technology for forming NW arrays and, especially, ordered arrays of VO2 NWs still does not permit the mass fabrication of VO2-based devices and materials. Here, we break this barrier and synthesized ordered arrays of free-standing single-crystal monoclinic VO2 NWs. Vertically aligned, strongly periodic VO2 NWs were obtained in a chemical vapor deposition process used to grow VO2 on nanoimprinted Si substrate. Indicative of a high quality of obtained NW is a sharp rise of conductivity at the phase transition in VO2 reaching in magnitude four orders as well as a pronounced faceting of the crystals confirmed by x-ray diffraction measurements. Our approach paves the way toward a broad application of VO2 single crystals with desired sizes, shapes, and aspect ratios in various fields of nanophotonics and nanoelectronics, and in smart materials.
Thermal percolation in composite materials with electrically conductive fillers
Authors: Shi Bo , Dong Lan , Li Mingqiang , Liu Bin , Kim Kyunghoon , Xu Xiangfan , Zhou Jun , Liu Jun
Published: July 2018

We measured thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity in organic/inorganic composites with Ag nanowires (NWs) embedded in a poly(vinylidene fluoride) matrix. High thermal and electrical conductivities of 8.43 W/(mK) and 1.02 ×106 S/m are achieved, respectively, when the volume fraction of Ag NWs reaches 28.34%. Both measured electrical and thermal conductivities obey the universal power law commonly described in the percolation theory. The percolation behaviors of thermal and electrical conductivities are clearly observed when the volume fraction of Ag NWs is above the critical volume fraction (2.25%), due to the formation of a percolation spanning cluster. Further calculations on the Lorenz number as a function of Ag NW volume fraction also confirm the percolation behaviors. The power-law exponent for the thermal percolation is slightly smaller than that for the electrical percolation, which is likely due to the “dead-end” structures that do not contribute to electrical percolation. To understand the effect of contact resistance between Ag NWs, we modeled the electron contribution to the electrical and thermal resistance at the contact. The non-ideal contact will cause the interfacial thermal resistance increase much more than the electrical contact resistance. The interfacial Lorenz number will decrease from the Sommerfeld value to a much lower value if the contact is non-ideal. Our work can shed some light on the thermal percolation in composite materials.
Climate affects fish-kill events in subtropical estuaries of eastern Australia
Authors: Wong Vanessa N. L. , Walsh Simon , Morris Stephen
Published: July 2018

Fish kills following austral summer flood events (November–March) occur episodically in estuarine channels in Australia. We examined the climatic conditions associated with the historic record of such events in a subtropical region in eastern Australia to determine the effect of antecedent weather conditions on the probability of post-flood fish-kill events. Records, including regional county council logs, newspapers and New South Wales Fisheries annual reports, were analysed for reports of floods and fish kills following these events. Daily rainfall patterns preceding floods with fish-kill events tended to be drier than rainfall patterns preceding floods when a fish kill did not occur. Based on these observations, it is proposed that estuarine hypoxia resulting in a fish kill is increased by prolonged dry periods followed by rapid and intensive rainfall preceding the flood peak. This is most likely due to (i) accumulation of organic material on the floodplain due to vegetation stress and reduced decomposition processes in drier conditions; (ii) upstream migration of the salt wedge, allowing some estuarine fish species to maintain an optimum environment, followed by flooding with (iii) rapid consumption of dissolved oxygen during decomposition of accumulated organic material sourced from senescent vegetation; and (iv) fish becoming trapped upstream in discharging hypoxic floodwater during the flood recession phase.
Exploring the costs and effectiveness of the Drug and Alcohol Withdrawal Network: a home-based alcohol and other drug withdrawal service
Authors: Wright Cameron M. , Norman Richard , Varhol Richard , Davis Jacqueline , Wilson-Taylor Elizabeth , Dorigo Justin , Robinson Suzanne
Published: July 2018

The Drug and Alcohol Withdrawal Network (DAWN) is a home-based withdrawal service based in Perth, Western Australia. Literature on outcomes, costs and client attitudes towards this type of home-based detoxification in Australia is sparse. Therefore, this study assessed these factors for clients enrolled over a 5-year period (July 2011–June 2016). Client experience was explored through semi-structured interviews with 10 clients. Over the study period, 1800 clients (54% male, mean age 38 years) were assessed, and there were 2045 episodes of care. Although most first-episode clients (52%) listed alcohol as the primary drug of concern, the proportion listing methamphetamine increased from 4% in 2011–12 to 23% in 2015–16. In 94% (n = 639) of withdrawal detoxification episodes with completed surveys, clients used their ‘drug of primary concern’ most days or more often at baseline; this had reduced to 23% (n = 149) at the conclusion of detoxification. Five-year direct costs were A$4.8 million. Clients valued the person-centred holistic approach to care, including linking with other health providers. Barriers included low awareness of the program and difficulties finding an appropriate support person. Further exploration of cost-effectiveness would substantiate the apparently lower per client cost, assuming medical suitability for both programs, for home-based relative to inpatient withdrawal.
Using spatial technology to locate the view illustrated in Eugene von Guérard’s painting of the Kosciuszko massif
Authors: Hook George
Published: July 2018

The colonial artist Eugene von Guérard travelled extensively throughout south-eastern Australia sketching thousands of views during his three-decade-long sojourn in Australia. His field drawings are renowned for their fidelity to nature and observational accuracy, but the validity of the latter claim depends on comparing drawings with the view at the sites where he sketched. The location of the view in some artworks, such as Mount Kosciusko, seen from the Victorian Border, has eluded art historians and aficionados who have ventured into the field. This article discusses the collation of clues from historical narratives, maps and surveying techniques to limit the search area for the vantage point where he sketched the view on which he based his painting of the Kosciuszko massif. Novel use of spatial technology utilising satellite imagery, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) data, particularly digital elevation models, to locate the actual site is explored, and the topographical accuracy of his sketches evaluated when compared with photographs taken from close to the site. Finally, the potential value of using spatial technology in art history field work is discussed.