bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Groundnut and Rice Activated Charcoals Addition on Oil Polluted Soil and Mobility of Heavy Metals in the Root and Shoot of Vigna unguiculata L. Walp in the Tropical Rainforest
Authors: Joseph Jimoh Abiodun , Lawrence Akinwande Kayode , Eunice Oladipo, Olufunmilayo
Published: August 2021

In Nigeria, spent oil destroys crops, contaminate farmland, aquaculture and drinking water. It also alters the soil properties, leads to deficit of water and oxygen, shortages of soil nutrients like N and P, adsorbs to soil particles and reduces porosity and aeration of soil. The study aims to determine the potential of groundnut hull (GAC) and rice husk (RAC) activated charcoal in biodegradation of spent lubrication oil in soil with reduction in mobility and bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the tissues of the cultivated cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) plants. Experimental units were set up in a screen house containing cowpea seedlings planted in different soil treatments: polluted, unpolluted as well as RAC and GAC remediated polluted soil, each in 5 replicates. Mobility and bioaccumulation of the heavy metals in the root, shoot and seeds of the cowpea were analyzed. Cd, Cr and Pb were below detectable limit (BDL), Cu was 0.21 and Zn was 0.26 mg/kg in unpolluted soil while the levels of heavy metals were elevated in spent oil polluted soil: Cd 0.1, Cr 0.25, Pb 0.12, Cu 0.7 and Zn 0.63 mg/kg. RAC treatments significantly decreased the mobility and bioaccumulation of the heavy metals in the root (F3, 14 = 19.338, Sig = 0.00 (p < 0.05) so also, GAC significantly decreased the heavy metals mobilization and bioaccumulated in the cowpea roots (F3, 14 = 91.224, Sig = 0.000 (p < 0.05). RAC and GAC are potential effective and  low cost phytoremediation materials.
An Assessment of Women’s Experiences and Challenges Faced with Post Abortion Care (PAC) Services in Buea
Authors: Mbong Teng Esther , Nsagha Dickson S. , Ambe Niba Clinton , Okunlola Micheal , Sina A. Oladokun
Published: August 2021

Background: Unsafe abortion is one of the commonest causes of maternal mortality and post-abortion care services have been acclaimed as the best remedy for this situation. Yet, high maternal mortality still prevails pointing to issues with the quality of services. The paper was designed to investigate women's motives for engaging in unsafe abortion; assess women's experiences on the quality of PAC services and identify the challenges women faced in accessing PAC services in Buea.

Methods: This study recruited 10 participants in Buea. Using a structured interview, data was collected on women's motives for engaging in unsafe abortion; assess women's experiences on the quality of PAC services, and identify the challenges women faced in accessing PAC services in Buea. Thematic and grounded theory analytical techniques were used to organize and interpret the data.

Results: Majority of women in Buea did not use contraceptives for different reasons ranging from personal, spousal consent, ignorance, and the fear of side effects of contraceptive use. The low contraceptive use accounts highly for unwanted pregnancy cases which results in the decisions to induce. Most of these women involuntarily engage in induced abortion, highly driven by second party influence like the request from spouse/partner, disappointment from the spouse, and fear of parents’ reactions; while some occur as a result of missed abortion. The quality of PAC services received by most of these women were merely emergency treatments without proper PAC activities like family planning counseling, provision of modern contraceptive methods, linkages to other reproductive health care services. Women in Buea encounter some challenges in the use of PAC services, pains associated with the procedure, the cost, the absence of some family planning methods, the absence of counselling before PAC and above all, non constant availability of blood in the bood bank for transfusion.

Conclusion: This study concluded that most women in Buea engage in induced abortion on account of the pressure to terminate an unwanted pregnancy; resulting from low contraceptives use; desire to avoid problems from their spouses/partners as well as to pursue career ambition. Moreover, the quality of PAC services offered to women in Buea was emergency treatment; void of important aspects like family planning services, linkage to other reproductive health care services, and facilitating their social reinsertion and preventing future induce abortion.
Srotas – An Insight into Channels
Authors: Kothainayagi B. , Sharma Anupam , Gupta Supriya
Published: August 2021

The Srotas, besides performing numerous functions at both macroscopic and microscopic level, which when gets disrupted, causes pathological features; hence it is immensely required to understand the physiological and pathological concepts of srotas. Generally srotas are considered only at gross level, as structures, carrying material. But the concept of srotas is very deep and minute, which can be explained with the help of cell adaptation concepts, explained by the modern science. This article shall be helpful in putting forth the ayurvedic perspective of srotas along with modern pathological considerations.
Pulmonary Embolism in Covid-19 Pandemic: A Threat to Recovery of the Infected Patients
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Babar Quratulain , Vincent C. C. N. , Okafor Chukwuma J. , Eze Richard , Chijioke Udunma Olive , Ibekwe Adaobi Maryann , Uduchi Immaculata Ogochukwu
Published: August 2021

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is a new type of coronavirus that can cause Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) and is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis-related pulmonary embolism. Globally, doctors have revised their management strategies for suspected and confirmed PD in patients with Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) in 2019. Choosing the right drug and the right dose requires consideration of potential comorbidities, which can be explained by the direct and indirect pathological consequences of Covid-19, complement activation, cytokine release, endothelial dysfunction, and the interaction between different types of blood cells. Discuss the pathophysiological events, therapeutic mortality strategies, risk factors and clinical management of patients with Covid-19 pulmonary embolism.
HRCT in Bronchiectasis
Authors: Balachandar C. S.
Published: August 2021

In patients with bronchiectasis, a high-resolution CT scan (HRCT) and its score play a significant role in identifying pathological alterations and pulmonary functional impairment. A total of 50 cases were studied. All the cases presenting with the features suggestive of bronchiectasis were screened clinically . 8 out of 50 patients underwent surgical resection of affected lobes. The rest was handled with caution. The primary condition, lung malignancy, claimed the life of one patient. CT can be used to quickly confirm suspected bronchiectasis due to its increased specificity. Confirmation by CT is useful in the management of patients with chronic cough and sputum production who are suspected of having bronchiectasis but for whom surgery is not an option due to age or poor lung function. In some cases, where surgery appears to be a viable option, unmistakable evidence of bilateral bronchiectasis on CT would rule out such treatment without the requirement for bronchography.
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Urban South Indian Population
Authors: Balaji C.
Published: August 2021

Because of changes in lifestyle, poor dietary habits, and obesity, the prevalence of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery disease is on the rise. The metabolic syndrome is a straightforward method for predicting the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the future. To compare the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in urban south Indian males and females and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in various age groups above 20 years. To find out the most common metabolic abnormality among the study population and to find out specificity and sensitivity of any specific skin marker among the study population.
Concept, Prospects and Challenges of Internet Pharmacy to Practice of Pharmaceutical Care: A Review
Authors: Awofisayo Sunday Olajide , Udoh Imoh Emmanuel , Awofisayo Jessica Imeh , Njoku Felix , Arhewoh Matthew Ikhuoria
Published: August 2021

Internet pharmacy has been the focus of heightened interest over the past 10 years. The unfolding and increasing trend and availability of online health information and drug sourcing are becoming of palpable concerns as the internet is known to be characteristically porous in terms of legislature and regulatory control. This prevalence and pattern of use of the internet in this regard alongside knowledge and attitude of users are examined. The readiness of regulatory bodies and operational legislations in some countries to checkmate illegal and uncontrolled ethical drug sourcing is similarly highlighted. The advantages of online drug sourcing that may increasingly fuel the internet market are considered. Finally, necessary upgrade of existing physical drug outlets to tackle possible spurious and illegal virtual pharmacies and strategies to practice of pharmaceutical care based on online ideologies are also reviewed.
Support for Decision-Making on the Resilience of Incheon Metropolitan City Using Flood Risk Assessment
Authors: Wang Won-joon , Kim Donghyun , Yoo Younghoon , Lee Junhyeong , Kim Kyung Tak , Kim Hung Soo
Published: August 2021

Since it was recognized as a UNDRR international safety city in 2020, Incheon Metropolitan City has been promoting policies aiming to strengthen resilience strategies for the next 10 years. For the resilience assessment, a Quick Risk Estimation (QRE), which is a risk assessment tool for various disasters, can also be used to support the decision-making of experts on strengthening resilience strategies. However, QRE is unable to provide a detailed risk assessment of a specific disaster such as flood. Therefore, in this study, a flood risk assessment was performed from 2016 to 2019 using the Indicator Based Approach for the 10 cities and counties in Incheon city. The aforementioned method can also support the decision-making of experts for disaster management alongside QRE results. The flood risk assessment in this study consists of four items (hazard, exposure, vulnerability, and capacity) and 11 detailed indicators. The details for each index, item, and flood risk indices were calculated for each evaluation stage. As of 2019, the flood risk index had been calculated for Ganghwa-gun (county), Michuhol-gu (district), Jung-gu, Seo-gu, and Ongjin-gun, among others. The flood risk assessment conducted in this study is believed to be beneficial for a rational decision-making that can support the strengthening of resilience strategies by identifying changes in city- and county-specific situations and risk-exposed indicators in response to flood risks.
Gestational Exposure to Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease in Childhood
Authors: Tain You-Lin , Li Lung-Chih , Kuo Hsiao-Ching , Chen Chiu-Ju , Hsu Chien-Ning
Published: December 2024

Importance

Gestational exposure to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may increase the risk of adverse fetal kidney outcomes. However, details regarding timing, specific NSAIDs, and long-term childhood kidney outcomes are limited.

Objective

To evaluate the association between gestational exposure to NSAIDs and the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in childhood.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This national cohort study assessed 1 025 255 children born alive in Taiwan from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2017, with follow-up until December 31, 2021. Children without valid maternal-child linkage and with incomplete birth information were excluded. Data analysis was performed from November 30, 2023, to April 30, 2024.

Exposure

Maternal prescriptions for NSAIDs from the last menstrual period to birth.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was childhood CKD, including congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and other kidney diseases. Cox proportional hazards regression models with stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (weighted hazard ratio [wHR]) and a robust sandwich estimator were used to estimate the relative risk of NSAID exposure in pregnancy, adjusted for newborn characteristics.

Results

This study included 163 516 singleton-born children (24.0%) whose mothers (mean [SD] age at birth of child, 31.25 [4.92] years) used at least 1 dispensing of an NSAID during pregnancy. Gestational NSAID exposure was significantly associated with a higher risk of childhood CKD (wHR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.05-1.15). No association was observed between NSAID use and fetal nephrotoxicity in sibling comparisons. Elevated risks were revealed for exposure during the second trimester (wHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.11-1.28) and the third trimester (wHR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.03-1.22) in singleton-born children. Specific NSAID exposures associated with higher CKD risk included indomethacin (wHR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.10-2.60) and ketorolac (wHR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.01-1.62) in the first trimester, diclofenac (wHR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.13-1.42) and mefenamic acid (wHR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.15-1.46) in the second trimester, and ibuprofen (wHR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.07-1.68) in the third trimester.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this study, gestational exposure to NSAIDs was not associated with a substantial increase in the risk of childhood CKD when comparing between siblings. However, the findings underscore the need for caution when prescribing NSAIDs during pregnancy, particularly indomethacin and ketorolac in the first trimester, mefenamic acid and diclofenac in the second trimester, and ibuprofen in the third trimester, to ensure the safety of the offspring’s kidneys.
What Parents Should Know About Children With Multiple Languages
Authors: Othman Aliya M. , Thompson Lindsay A.
Published: December 2024

This JAMA Pediatrics Patient Page discusses children’s ability to learn and use multiple languages.
Effect of Density and Thickness of Steel–Steel Composite Metal Foam on Its Full‐Scale Torch Fire Response
Authors: Amoafo‐Yeboah Nigel , Rabiei Afsaneh
Published: December 2024

Tank cars carrying hazardous materials require fire and thermal protection to prevent disasters in case of accidents. A material with a combination of improved insulating thermal properties and impact resistance within the tank car skin can mitigate the repercussions of such accidents. Steel–steel composite metal foam (S–S CMF) is a novel material with properties that is being investigated for such applications. It is made up of metallic hollow spheres closely packed together within a metallic matrix. To corroborate the effectiveness of this material for the abovementioned application, a full‐scale torch fire test based on the 49 Code of Federal Regulations, Part 179, Appendix B must be conducted on 4 × 4 ft (1219.2 × 1219.2 mm) samples, where they are required to withstand a 30 min high velocity jet fire at 1204 ± 55.6 °C, by not recording a temperature higher than 427 °C on the unexposed side of the samples within 30 min. It is necessary to determine the critical thickness of CMF for which the test would pass; however it would be costly to do this experimentally and thus, a numerical simulation must be conducted to predict the optimum parameters that can address the torch fire requirements. This study outlines the procedure adhered to in modeling the torch fire test and investigates the effect of thickness and density on the thermal response of the S–S CMF. Fire Dynamics Simulator and COMSOL Multiphysics are utilized to compare the one dimesional and three dimensional modeling of S–S CMF response to a full‐scale torch fire test. Investigation shows that the thickness and density of the material play a significant role in how it responds under torch fire conditions.
Lasing in Crystals Based on 7‐Azaindole‐Phenylhydrazone Organoboron Compounds
Authors: Álvarez‐Conde Javier , Fernández‐Liencres M. Paz , Jiménez‐Pulido Sonia B. , Martín Cristina , Navarro Amparo , Cabanillas‐González Juan , García‐Frutos Eva M.
Published: December 2024

The development of efficient organic solid‐state lasers requires an in‐depth understanding between chemical structure, intermolecular interactions in the crystal phase, and optical and electronic properties. This study highlights these closed dependencies in novel 7‐azaindole phenylhydrazone derivatives and their corresponding boron complexes, by deploying a combined approach of experimental techniques and theoretical calculations (Density Functional Theory and Time‐Dependent Density Functional Theory) in the solvated and solid‐state phase. Notably, it is found that when these compounds, which are weakly emissive in solution, are processed into crystalline microfibers, they experience a sharp emission enhancement and exhibit laser action at low pump fluence thresholds. This is achieved by partially inhibiting structural relaxation, which drives non‐radiative decay, a critical factor for effective lasing, highlighting the potential of these materials for future optoelectronic applications.
Black Hole Quenchers for SERRS Imaging of CXCR4 Expression at Single‐Cell Level During Treatment
Authors: Zhu Congzheng , Li Jin , Chen Xinru , Fu Longwen , Zhang Zhiyang , Wang Yunqing , Wang Xiaoyan , Chen Lingxin
Published: December 2024

CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) is recently regarded as a valuable biomarker for triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) metastasis but lacks available imaging reagents. Surface‐enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) with resonant dyes has emerged as a powerful tool for single‐cell imaging because of the electronically enhanced vibrational fingerprint signals. However, resonant Raman signals are often overwhelmed by accompanying fluorescence backgrounds. To address this, two black hole quenchers (BHQs) are designed as visible resonance Raman reporters with absolutely nonfluorescent readouts. Ultrafast spectroscopy elucidates that the nonfluorescent mechanism of the reporters originates from the ultrafast internal conversion at the subpicosecond scale that quenches the excited states of fluorescence. SERRS nanoprobes (NPs) decorated with such reporters exhibit strong Raman enhancement (5.82 × 106), the femtomolar‐level limit of detection as well as unrivaled photostability (τs = 26516 s), outperforming that of crystal violet‐decorated counterparts. When conjugation of a CXCR4 antagonist, these fluorescence‐free SERRS NPs allow for photostable imaging of CXCR4 on TNBC cells at the single‐cell level, and for monitoring the expression variation during combined drug treatment. To the best of the available knowledge, this is the first example of absolutely nonfluorescent Raman reporters for single‐cell SERRS imaging.
Multiscale Structural Strong yet Tough Triboelectric Materials Enabled by In Situ Microphase Separation
Authors: Lu Peng , Yang Yang , Luo Bin , Cai Chenchen , Liu Tao , Zhang Song , Chi Mingchao , Zhao Tong , Wang Jinlong , Meng Xiangjiang , Bai Yayu , Shao Yuzheng , Du Guoli , Wang Shuangfei , Nie Shuangxi
Published: December 2024

Lightweight green polymer materials with exceptional toughness, high strength, and excellent ductility represent ideal candidates for enabling next‐generation sustainable flexible electronics. However, the conflicting properties of material strength and toughness present a significant challenge in achieving an optimal combination of both attributes. In this study, a strong yet tough polymeric triboelectric material is prepared by constructing a multiscale reinforced network based on a nonsolvent‐induced microphase separation strategy. The synergistic enhancement of strength and toughness is achieved by reinforcing non‐covalent interactions within the polymer and constructing nanofibrous networks. The resulting triboelectric materials exhibited remarkable fracture toughness (78.6 MJ m−3), high tensile strength (42.5 MPa), an improvement in triboelectric output (71%), and promising recyclability. The integrated triboelectric wearable sensor maintained robust output signals. This study provides a novel solution for coordinating the conflicts between strength and toughness in heterogeneous polymer materials, showing significant potential in expanding their applications in flexible electronics and self‐powered sensing technologies.
High‐Performance Multifunctional Nanopapers with Superior Mechanical Strength, Electromagnetic Interference Shielding, and Thermal Management for Next‐Generation Electronics
Authors: Hu Fugang , Li Mengheng , Li Pengfei , Zeng Jinsong , Wang Tianguang , Li Jinpeng , Wang Bin , Wu Chen , Chen Kefu
Published: December 2024

Developing high‐performance multifunctional materials is critical for advancing integrated electronics and telecommunication systems. This study presents super‐strong, ultra‐flexible, conductive nanopapers featuring layered architectures, achieved by incorporating cellulose nanofibril‐modified MXene (CM9) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) into an aramid nanofiber (ANF) network and silver nanowire (AgNW) framework through a multi‐stage vacuum filtration. The resulting nanopapers achieve remarkable tensile strength (701.82 MPa), outstanding toughness (101.86 MJ m−3), and a specific tensile strength of 486.67 MPa·g−1·cm3, notably outperforming that of titanium alloys (257 MPa·g−1·cm3). In addition to their mechanical properties, the nanopapers exhibit high electrical conductivity (1139.48 S cm−1), resulting in superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) of 62.28 dB with an ultra‐thin profile of 22.38 µm. The nanopapers also demonstrate excellent durability, maintaining an EMI SE of 60.16 dB after 20% stretching and 57.15 dB after 20 000 folding cycles, along with a tensile strength of 685.59 MPa. Additionally, they exhibit efficient photothermal conversion and electrothermal deicing capabilities, reaching a maximum temperature of 242.78 °C under applied voltage. With their unique combination of mechanical robustness, conductivity, and thermal performance, these nanopapers show great potential for next‐generation electronics, flexible displays, and high‐performance thermal management systems.
High‐Performance Bimodal Temperature/Pressure Tactile Sensor Based on Lamellar CNT/MXene/Cellulose Nanofibers Aerogel with Enhanced Multifunctionality
Authors: Tian Lin , Gao Fu‐Lin , Li Yu‐Xiao , Yang Zhi‐Yue , Xu Xinghe , Yu Zhong‐Zhen , Shang Jie , Li Run‐Wei , Li Xiaofeng
Published: December 2024

The rapid development of thermoelectric‐piezoresistive dual‐mode sensors has opened new avenues for enhancing the functionality, miniaturization, and integration of flexible tactile sensors. However, existing research primarily focuses on decoupling temperature and pressure responses, which leaves a significant gap in optimizing sensor performance and exploring multifunctional applications. To address this limitation, a composite aerogel with a layered porous structure is developed, integrating carbon nanotubes and MXene as conductive materials and reinforced with cellulose nanofibers. The innovative design, characterized by ultra‐low thermal conductivity along with superior electrical and thermoelectric properties, allows the resulting sensor to monitor temperature and pressure stimuli without interference through thermoelectric and piezoresistive mechanisms. Demonstrated results reveal exceptional sensing capabilities, including a minimum detectable temperature variation of 0.03 K and a pressure detection limit of 0.3 Pa. The sensor exhibits high sensitivities of 33.5 µV K−1 and −45.2% kPa−1, along with stability across both temperature and pressure stimuli. Furthermore, the unique multi‐modal sensing mechanism supports various applications, such as thermoelectric energy harvesting, material recognition, complex information transmission, smart wearable devices, electronic skin, and human‐computer interaction interfaces. This research presents a robust solution for designing high‐performance dual‐modal tactile sensors and significantly advances their practical applications across multiple domains.
High‐Accuracy Recognition Triboelectric Nanogenerator System for Shooting Report and Ballistic Analysis
Authors: Sun Yanshuo , Li Chengyu , Xu Zijie , Sheng Hengrui , Wang Yusheng , Su Erming , Wang Zhong Lin , Cao Leo N.Y.
Published: December 2024

The accuracy and efficiency of shooting reports constitute indispensable cornerstones in modern military training and shooting fields. However, traditional shooting report systems struggle to offer precise and sensitive instant feedback, especially in rare scenarios, such as multiple piercing and shots on the ring boundaries. Simultaneously, ballistic analysis as a pivotal approach in criminal investigations, confronts similar challenges including high costs, complex data processing, and strong professional dependency. Thus, a flexible, high‐temperature resistant, and high‐accuracy recognition intelligent target reporting and ballistic analysis (ITBA) system is designed based on the mechanism of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which recognizes multiple bullet piercings and delivers bullet velocity through a time‐difference algorithm combined with shooting angle to accurately determine the shooting position. Thanks to the novel structural design and preparation method, the ITBA system achieves remarkable integration, lightweight, and industrialization, ensuring exceptional stability even in harsh environments. Furthermore, the ITBA system integrates machine learning techniques to achieve 100% accuracy in bullet material recognition and 97% accuracy in determining shooting angles, providing a solid foundation for enhancing the precision of military training and the scientific rigor of forensic investigations.
Design of High‐Tc Quaternary Hydrides Under Moderate Pressures Through Substitutional Doping
Authors: Wei Xudong , Hao Xiaokuan , Song Xiaoxu , Niu Jingyu , Gao Guoying , Tian Yongjun
Published: December 2024

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in exploring high‐temperature superconductors in hydrides at low‐pressure conditions. A series of quaternary XAZ2H16 compounds (X, A = La, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ac, Ce, Th, Na or K; Z = Be, B, Si or P) are constructed based on ternary Fm‐3m  LaB/BeH8‐type structure. Eight hydrides are found to be thermodynamically stable, with LaThBe2H16 and AcBaSi2H16 exhibiting lower pressures of 92 and 81 GPa, respectively. All investigated hydrides display dynamical stability at pressures below one million atmospheres, with LaThBe2H16 remaining stable even as low as 8 GPa. Moreover, LaSrB2H16, AcBaSi2H16, AcSrSi2H16, and Ba2SiPH16 exhibit clear covalent bonding characteristics between Z and H atoms, while Be atoms tend to form ionic bonds with H atoms. Electron‐phonon coupling calculations indicate that all of these quaternary hydrides have potential as superconductors. LaThBe2H16, AcBaSi2H16, AcSrSi2H16 and YCeBe2H16 exhibit superconducting transition temperatures (Tcs) of 126, 137, 123, and 104 K at 10, 30, 30, and 45 GPa, respectively, while LaYBe2H16 exhibits the highest Tc of 221 K at 75 GPa. These findings provide valuable insights for the search for high‐Tc superconductors under lower pressure conditions and encourage further exploration of polynary superconducting hydrides.
Hierarchical Tough Hydrogel with Enhanced Rigidity and Extensibility for Strain Sensing, Posture Guide, and Injury‐Prevention
Authors: Park Nuri , Fan Ziwen , Kim Jaeyun
Published: December 2024

Hydrogels, as valuable biomaterials, have limited applications owing to their mechanical fragility. This study presents a structural modification approach to strengthen hydrogels mechanically. First, the precursor hydrogel undergoes deformation through stretching and twisting, resulting in a helical polymer structure and a deformation gradient. This deformed structure is then stabilized by densification and additional crosslinking. The twisted hydrogel shows improved extensibility and toughness owing to enhanced stress transfer in its unique structure. Additionally, multiple hydrogel strands are assembled hierarchically into ropes and cables, exhibiting advantageous mechanical properties such as high energy dissipation and durability. These reinforced mechanical features lead to considerable performance improvements in applications such as strain sensing and impact absorption. Furthermore, practical utility is demonstrated in areas including posture correction and injury prevention. The hydrogel reinforced by this method has the potential to be used in various fields where both mechanical properties and biocompatibility are crucial.
Recent Advances in Highly Luminescent Carbon Dots
Authors: Liu Yupeng , Huang Zhujun , Wang Xuanye , Hao Yiming , Yang Junxiang , Wang Hui , Qu Songnan
Published: December 2024

Highly luminescent carbon dots (CDs) have garnered significant attention and are increasingly utilized in various fields. Despite its importance, there has been a lack of comprehensive reviews focusing specifically on highly luminescent CDs. It is aimed here to fill that gap by exploring CDs with high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), starting with an examination of the luminescent mechanisms underlying highly luminescent CDs. The selection of synthetic raw materials and preparation methods along with the research progress are reviewed and the information on highly luminescent CDs across various luminescent bands is then statistically summarized in several tables. Subsequently, the structural features, synthesis methods, and purification strategies that lead to high PLQY in CDs are summarized based on analyzing collected examples of highly luminescent CDs. Furthermore, the highly luminescent‐based multifunctional applications of CDs in bioimaging, light‐emitting diodes, luminescent solar concentrators, and lasers are introduced. Finally, the current research landscape is evaluated, existing challenges are identified, and feasible directions are proposed for future development.
PEGylated Nanoliposomal Doxorubicin Conjugated with Specific TREM2 Peptides for Glioma‐Targeting Therapy
Authors: Li Hongyan , Xu Duling , Cai Weihua , Liu Jiadi , Bing Zhitong , Zhang Qiyue
Published: December 2024

PEGylated liposomes can deliver anti‐cancer drugs to brain tumors, and achieve enhanced permeability and retention effects. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is an excellent biomarker for precise therapy of glioma. The present study is aimed at designing PEGylated nanoliposomal doxorubicin (PLD) conjugated with peptides targeting TREM2 for glioma‐targeting therapy. The specific peptides are designed with the Rosetta Peptiderive Protocol. Schrodinger's peptide‐specific version of Glide is used for molecular docking. PLD modified with peptides (peptide‐PLD) are engineered and prepared. Cell cycle, apoptosis, cell invasion and migration, cell viability, and colony‐formation assays are performed to analyze glioma cell functions. The anti‐tumor effects of peptide‐PLD are validated in an intracranial U87‐MG cells orthotopic glioma model. The targeting peptides HLRKLRKR and LRKLRLRL showed specific affinity for TREM2 and better cellular uptake in U87‐MG cells. PLD with peptide modification demonstrated stable doxorubicin loading, small sizes (<60 nm), and enrichment in the mouse brain. Peptide‐PLD treatment inhibited the Akt/GSK3β/β‐catenin pathway, thereby inhibiting cell invasion and migration, and colony‐forming ability in U87‐MG cells. The peptide modification of PLD achieved better suppression of glioma development than PLD. Overall, TREM2‐targeting peptides are successfully designed, and peptide‐PLD served as a potent drug delivery carrier for glioma‐targeting therapy.
Stabilizing Electron Transport of 2D Materials
Authors: He Jinbo , Wang Wenting , Yan Jinjian , Han Cheng , Zheng Yue , Xue Tao , Qi Jiannan , Hu Yongxu , Chen Xiaosong , Huang Yinan , Yuan Liqian , Wang Zhongwu , Li Liqiang , Hu Wenping
Published: December 2024

2D materials are promising candidates for beyond‐Si electronic devices. However, their stability is a key bottleneck in their industrial applications. The instability of 2D materials is mainly attributed to their intrinsic susceptibility to O2 and H2O—particularly to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have strong oxidizing properties. Inspired by the antioxidant effect of vitamin C (VC) in organisms, a strategy based on the use of VC to stabilize electron transport in 2D materials is developed, which significantly improves the performance and stability of these materials and devices. The mobility is increased by more than an order of magnitude, and excellent performance of the device is maintained in air for >327 days, which is the best reported stability for MoS2 field‐effect transistors to date. VC scavenges existing ROS via oxidation reactions and inhibits the generation of ROS by shielding excitons from oxygen quenching, which provides 2D materials lasting protection from electron trapping and oxidative damage, stabilizing electron transport. This approach, which is based on the simple utilization of readily available VC, has considerable potential for large‐scale applications in the 2D material electronics industry.
Highly Oriented WS2 Monolayers for High‐Performance Electronics
Authors: Zhan Li , Pei Xudong , Tang Jiachen , Li Shuaixing , Li Shuo , Li Yuan , Li Lintao , Wan Changjin , Deng Yu , Shi Yi , Hao Yufeng , Li Songlin
Published: December 2024

2D transition‐metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) semiconductors represent the most promising channel materials for post‐silicon microelectronics due to their unique structure and electronic properties. However, it remains challenging to synthesize wide‐bandgap TMDCs monolayers featuring large areas and high performance simultaneously. Herein, highly oriented WS2 monolayers are reproducibly synthesized through a templated growth strategy on vicinal C/A‐plane sapphire wafers. Various spectroscopic characterizations confirm the high crystallographic orientation and uniformity across the entire wafers. Electronic measurements for samples transferred onto SiO2/Si substrates reveal high average field‐effect mobilities of 62 and 180 cm2V−1s−1 at room temperature and 8 K, respectively. On hexagonal boron nitride substrates, these mobilities increase to 94 and 473 cm2V−1s−1, respectively. A record high saturation current density of 675 µA µm−1 is observed, outperforming the index required for high‐density integration circuits in IRDS 2025. This work paves the way for the application of wide‐bandgap TMDC monolayers in post‐silicon electronics.
Chlorine Axial Coordination Activated Lanthanum Single Atoms for Efficient Oxygen Electroreduction with Maximum Utilization
Authors: Yin Leilei , Sun Mingzi , Zhang Shuai , Huang Yongkang , Huang Bolong , Du Yaping
Published: December 2024

Currently, there are still obstacles to rationally designing the ligand fields to activate rare‐earth (RE) elements with satisfactory intrinsic electrocatalytic reactivity. Herein, axial coordination strategies and nanostructure design are applied for the construction of La single atoms (La‐Cl SAs/NHPC) with satisfactory oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. The nontrivial LaN4Cl2 motifs configuration and the hierarchical porous carbon substrate that facilitates maximized metal atom utilization ensure high half‐wave potential (0.91 V) and significant robustness in alkaline media. The aqueous and flexible Zinc‐air battery (ZAB) integrating La‐Cl SAs/NHPC as the cathode catalyst exhibits a maximum power density of 260.7 and 68.5 mW cm−2, representing one of the most impressive RE‐based ORR electrocatalysts to date. Theoretical calculations have demonstrated that the Cl coordination evidently modulate the electronic structures of La sites, which promoted electron transfer efficiency by d‐p orbital couplings. With enhanced electroactivity of La sites, the adsorptions of key intermediates are optimized to alleviate the energy barriers of the potential‐determining step. Importantly, this preparation strategy is also successfully applied to other REs. This work provides perspectives for near‐range electronic structure modulation of RE‐SAs based on a nonplanar coordination micro‐environment for efficient electrocatalysis.
Wrinkling of Quasi‐2D Perovskite for High‐Performance and Flexible Photodetectors
Authors: Lei Sanfeng , He Zhenmei , Hu Chenyu , Zhang Guoshuai , Zhu Xixiang , Li Jinpeng , Wang Kai , Yu Haomiao
Published: December 2024

Flexible photodetectors have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential applications in emerging fields such as artificial intelligence, medical diagnostics, and wearable devices. Quasi‐2D perovskites exhibit remarkable optoelectronic properties, excellent environmental stability, and mechanical flexibility, making them promising materials for flexible photodetectors. Achieving precise control over the morphology of these materials is crucial for enhancing device performance. In this study, periodic wrinkle structures are introduced into quasi‐2D perovskite films by applying pre‐stretching stress to a flexible substrate. These results indicate that these ordered wrinkle structures facilitate grain movement during formation, enabling smaller grains to fill pores and surround larger grains. This process leads to a denser film with a mixed 2D‐3D phase architecture, enhancing charge transfer efficiency and prolonging carrier lifetime in the perovskite films. Consequently, the responsivity of the resulting flexible perovskite photodetector significantly increased, reaching 86.7 A W−1, which is 2.5 times higher than that of the unstretched device. Furthermore, the wrinkled structures enhanced mechanical tolerance, allowing the photodetector to retain 80% of its initial responsivity even after 10 000 stretching cycles. These findings highlight the potential of wrinkled structures to significantly enhance the performance of flexible perovskite optoelectronic devices.
Targeting ACAT1 for Precision Chemo‐Immunoprevention in Lung Cancer
Authors: Huang Mofei , Pan Jing , Sei Shizuko , Wang Yian , You Ming
Published: December 2024

Lung cancer (LC) is a leading cause of cancer‐related deathworldwide, and altered cholesterol metabolism is a hallmark of cancer cells. Acyl‐CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1(ACAT1), or Sterol O‐acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1), isa key cholesterol esterification enzyme. Its overexpression promotes tumorprogression by accumulating cholesterol esters. Inhibition of ACAT1 also potentiatesCD8+ T cells medicated anti‐tumor immunity by increasing plasma membranecholesterol level. This study, as the first of its kind, shows the ACAT1/SOAT1 overexpressioncorrelates with poor prognosis in early‐stage lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients.Long‐term treatment with ACAT1 inhibitor avasimibe suppresses tumorigenesis inboth Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) and epidermal growthfactor receptor (EGFR) mutation‐induced LC mouse models without overttoxicity. ACAT1 inhibition reduces tumor cell proliferation, migration, andinvasion and causes G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, while boosting CD8+ T cells'effector function and memory phenotype. Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals thatACAT1 inhibition downregulates cholesterol biosynthesis and central carbon andnitrogen metabolism pathways in tumor cells, while upregulating genes relatedto oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation in CD8+ T cells. Finally, avasimibe improves the efficacy of a human EGFR vaccine in preventing LCprogression. These novel findings suggest potential strategies for cancer preventionand therapy.
Flexible X‐Ray Detector for Cumulative Dose Monitoring Through Reversible Photochromism and Luminescence Modulation
Authors: Bai Xue , Zhang Yueteng , Zhao Heping , Zi Yingzhu , Xu Zan , Huang Anjun , Cun Yangke , Liu Yue , Song Zhiguo , Qiu Jianbei , Liao Jiayan , Yang Zhengwen
Published: December 2024

This study presents a multi‐mode X‐ray detection and imaging strategy by integrating photochromism, photoluminescence, and radioluminescence into Tb3+‐doped CaAl2Si2O8. CaAl2Si2O8: Tb3+ exhibits stable radioluminescence, oxygen vacancy‐related photochromism, and photoluminescence modulation, all of which showed a linear relationship with X‐ray exposure. This multi‐mode response enables high‐quality imaging and detection in both bright and dark conditions, facilitating time‐dependent cumulative X‐ray radiation dose assessments. Reversible color and luminescence changes are achieved through cyclic tests involving alternating X‐ray and 473 nm laser irradiation. The PDMS CaAl2Si2O8: Tb3+ ink and flexible film demonstrate high suitability for wearable X‐ray detection devices and imaging of irregular objects, offering an innovative approach to X‐ray detection and imaging.
Compositional Gradient of Mixed Halide 2D Perovskite Interface Boosts Outdoor Stability of Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Degani Matteo , Pallotta Riccardo , Pica Giovanni , Karimipour Masoud , Mirabelli Alessandro , Frohna Kyle , Anaya Miguel , Xu Tianyu , Ma Chang‐Qi , Stranks Samuel D. , Cantù Monica Lira , Grancini Giulia
Published: December 2024

Interface engineering using self‐assembled 2D perovskite interfaces is a consolidated route to efficient and durable perovskite solar cells. Whether the 2D perovskite forms a homogeneous conformal layer or is heterogeneously distributed on the surface, interface defects are passivated, leading to a general improvement in the device's open circuit voltage (VOC) and stability. Here, an innovative strategy is developed for manipulating the composition of the 2D/3D perovskite interface that results in the formation of a gradient halide distribution, which extends from the surface to the bulk. The use of a bromide‐based 2D perovskite triggers a progressive Br/I exchange, affecting not only the surface but also the perovskite underneath. As a result, not only the device VOC improve, as expected, but also the photogenerated current is boosted, leading to a device efficiency of up to 24.4%. Such mixed halide gradient effectively passivates surface and bulk defects making the perovskite active layer more efficient and robust, as demonstrated by the superior device stability showing zero losses in performances upon 36 days (more than 800 h) test in outdoor conditions, those ones relevant for a marketable product.
Charge Storage Mechanisms in Batteries and Capacitors: A Perspective of the Electrochemical Interface
Authors: Ghasemiahangarani Parham , Farhan Gabriel , del Mundo Donovan , Schoetz Theresa
Published: December 2024

Researchers developing the next generation of energy storage systems are challenged to understand and analyze the different charge storage mechanisms, and subsequently use this understanding to design and control materials and devices that bridge the gap between high specific energy and power at a target cycle life. Correctly identifying and quantifying the prominent charge storage mechanism is of the utmost importance for understanding how the system functions and tuning material properties for specific applications. The different charge storage mechanisms are defined by a characteristic current‐time scaling that has been defined for electrochemical interfaces with faradaic diffusion‐limited charge storage. However, the characteristic current‐time scaling for faradaic non‐diffusion‐limited (or pseudocapacitive) charge storage remains unelucidated despite to date many battery types, particularly those having 2D electrode materials and electrolytes with ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents, or highly concentrated electrolytes, exhibit electrochemical interfaces with pseudocapacitive charge storage. This perspective discusses the necessary mathematical expressions and theoretical frameworks for all charge storage mechanisms which are corroborated with experimental data. This perspective can be used as a guide to quantitatively disentangle and correctly identify charge storage mechanisms and to design electrochemical interfaces and materials with targeted performance metrics for a multitude of electrochemical devices.
Engineering Ultrafast Photo‐Induced Charge and Carbon Intermediates Transfer at Interface to Break the Activity‐Selectivity Trade‐Off in Direct Conversion of Methane to Methanol
Authors: Cao Yuehan , Yu Wang , Li Yi , Meng Jie , Zheng Kaibo , Huang Chuan , Yang Xin , Yang Yuantao , Dong Fan , Zhou Ying
Published: December 2024

Directly converting methane to methanol with solar light and eco‐friendly oxidants is challenging due to single‐step conversion process where the designed active sites commonly cleave C─H bonds in both methane and methanol. Herein, a novel method is proposed to break activity‐selectivity trade‐off in methane conversion to methanol through interface engineering. Taking BiOI/BN as a proof‐of‐concept model, it's discovered that engineered interface provides distinct active sites for methane activation and overoxidation products photoreduction. Based on in situ infrared spectroscopy, ultrafast laser spectroscopy, and theoretical calculations, it is unlocked that the engineered interface induces the passivation of original trap states in BiOI component, greatly hindering ultrafast trap‐mediated recombination of photo‐induced carriers (≈39.7 ps). Benefiting from it, long‐lived electrons could directly participate in active radicals generation, ensuring effective methane activation. Subsequently, overoxidation carbon intermediates and protons are captured by active sites from the BN component and rapidly accumulated on the surface. This enables effective injection of electrons into bonding orbitals of C─H bonds in methanol, accelerating the occurrence of C─H re‐bonding process. Ultrafast photo‐induced charge and carbon intermediates transfer at interfaces results in high methane conversion rate of 15.5% under atmospheric pressure and maintains methanol selectivity of 86.4% for 24 h long‐time reaction process.
Coordinated Na+ Diffusion and Multiscale Interfacial Engineering of Polymer Electrolyte for Room‐Temperature Solid Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Guo Yuxiang , Liu Jiacheng , Shao Ahu , Cheng Lu , Tang Jiawen , Zhang Yaxin , Wang Zhiqiao , Li Yunsong , Wang Yingche , Wang Helin , Li Chunwei , Liu Ting , Zhao Xiaodong , Ma Yue
Published: December 2024

Thin‐layer composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) provide a safer alternative to flammable liquid electrolytes for all‐solid‐state sodium metallic batteries (ASSMBs) prototyping. However, conventional CPE designs suffer from insufficient ionic conductivities, oxidation upon high‐voltage and uncontrolled dendrite growth. Herein, an interpenetrating approach by incorporating an optimized amount of acrylamide (AM) monomers polymerized within polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix is proposed. The amide groups within tangled PEO/poly(acrylamide) (PAM) segments facilitate the NaTFSI salt dissociation through the coordination between CO═Na+ and N─H/TFSI− interactions, meanwhile boosting Na+ conduction along the ethylene oxide chains. Integrated with bacterial cellulose scaffold for mechanical reinforcement, the CPE membrane reconciles the tensile strength, ionic conductance and transference number. Robotic‐arm controlled spray coating applies 4,4′‐(Hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 1,2‐dibromobenzene (1,2‐DBB) onto opposite sides of the PEO/PAM‐BC membrane. The electron‐withdrawing 6FDA layer promotes a NaF‐rich cathode interface with 4.74 V tolerance, while the electron‐accepting 1,2‐DBB creates a NaBr‐rich layer that mitigates the Na+ diffusion barrier. In the ASSMB configuration, the prototype demonstrates 85.4% capacity retention over 500 cycles at room‐temperature and wide‐temperature‐range adaptability from 0 to 80 °C. Transmission‐mode X‐ray diffraction reveals reversible lattice breathing of the paired cathode, which highlights the synergistic Na diffusion and stabilized interfaces across scales for the practical CPE design.