bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflections on a Technology–Rich Mathematics Classroom
Authors: Hodges Thomas E. , Conner Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Integrating technology into the mathematics classroom means more than just new teaching tools—it is an opportunity to redefine what it means to teach and learn mathematics. Yet deciding when a particular form of technology may be appropriate for a specific mathematics topic can be difficult. Such decisions center on what is commonly being referred to as TPACK (Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge), the intersection of technology, pedagogy, and content (Niess 2005). Making decisions about technology use influences not only students' conceptual and procedural understandings of mathematics content but also the ways in which students think about and identify with the subject.
Sound Off!: Beyond Topics: Benchmarks for Judging a High School Curriculum
Authors: Cuoco Al , Goldenberg E. Paul
Published: January 2021

In a recent “Sound Off” in Mathematics Teacher, Robert Reys and Rustin Reys (2009) contrasted two curricular approaches, what they called “subjectbased” and “integrated.” They came down heavily in favor of the latter, arguing that many of the difficulties that students have with high school mathematics are consequences of the subject–based organization.
Mathematical Lens: The Spider–Trickster Does Mathematics
Authors: Wilcock Doug
Published: January 2021

“Mathematical Lens” uses photographs as a springboard for mathematical inquiry and appears in every issue of the Mathematics Teacher. All submissions should be sent to the department editors. For more background information on “Mathematical Lens” and guidelines for submitting a photograph and questions, please visit http://www.nctm.org/publications/content.aspx?id=10440#lens.
Exploring Nonroutine Functions Algebraically and Graphically
Authors: Trinter Christine P. , Garofalo Joe
Published: January 2021

Nonroutine function tasks are more challenging than most typical high school mathematics tasks. In our classes of precalculus students and preservice mathematics teachers, we have found that nonroutine tasks encourage our students to expand their thinking about functions and their approaches to problem solving. As a result, they gain greater appreciation for the power of multiple representations and a richer understanding of functions.
Technology Tips: An Archimedean Walk
Authors: Wasserman Nicholas H. , Arkan Itar N.
Published: January 2021

The circle, so simple and yet complex, has fascinated mathematicians since the earliest civilizations. Archimedes, a well–known Greek mathematician born in 287 BCE, began to unravel part of the mystery involving π by applying iteration to the circle. Building on Euclid's postulates and theorems, Archimedes used iterations of inscribed and circumscribed regular polygons to find upper and lower bounds for the value of π. These bounds are close approximations of the value of π, and one is still used today: 22/7 differs from π only in the third place to the right of the decimal (see fig. 1).
Pick's Theorem: What a Lemon!
Authors: Russell R. Alan
Published: January 2021

Now that I have your attention, let me calm your concerns. The fact is that Pick's theorem is useful in many different ways, just like a lemon. I first started buying fresh lemons solely for the juice. After watching my grandmother cook, listening to my family, and drawing connections, I have learned to use the zest from the lemon, as well as the fruit. In much the same way, I have grown as a consumer of Pick's theorem by watching my students interact with the theorem, listening to their comments, and drawing connections with other mathematical topics. With this analogy in mind, I invite you as an informed consumer to consider this mathematical tidbit.
DNA Origami Design: A How-To Tutorial
Authors: Majikes Jacob M. , Liddle J. Alexander
Published: January 2021

While the design and assembly of DNA origami are straightforward, its relative
novelty as a nanofabrication technique means that the tools and methods for designing
new structures have not been codified as well as they have for more mature technologies,
such as integrated circuits. While design approaches cannot be truly formalized until
design-property relationships are fully understood, this document attempts to provide a
step-by-step guide to designing DNA origami nanostructures using the tools available at
the current state of the art.
Complexity and Simplicity in Doctor–Patient Email Consultations
Authors: Møller Jane Ege , Fage-Butler Antoinette , Brøgger Matilde Nisbeth
Published: January 2021

NEW TECHNOLOGIES HAVE FACILITATED DOCTOR–PATIENT EMAIL CONSULTATIONS (E-CONSULTATIONS). GUIDELINES FOR E-CONSULTATION USE IN DENMARK STATE THAT THEY SHOULD BE USED FOR SIMPLE, CONCRETE AND NON-URGENT QUERIES; HOWEVER, A SMALL-SCALE DANISH STUDY SUGGESTED THAT DOCTORS ENCOUNTER E-CONSULTATIONS THAT DO NOT MATCH THE GUIDELINES. THE PURPOSE OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO EXPLORE WHETHER E-CONSULTATIONS IN DENMARK REFLECT RECOMMENDATIONS THAT THEY SHOULD BE SIMPLE, SHORT, CONCRETE AND WELL DEFINED, AND IF NOT, WHAT FORMS OF COMPLEXITY ARE EVIDENT. WE INDUCTIVELY ANALYSED 1,671 E-CONSULTATIONS FROM 38 PATIENTS AGED 21–91 YEARS COMMUNICATING WITH 28 DOCTORS, 6 NURSES, 1 MEDICAL STUDENT AND 8 SECRETARIES. RESULTS SHOWED BOTH QUANTITATIVE COMPLEXITY IN TERMS OF NUMBER OF INTERACTION TURNS, COMMUNICATIVE PARTICIPANTS, AND QUESTIONS ASKED, AND QUALITATIVE COMPLEXITY RELATING TO PATIENTS’ PSYCHOSOCIAL CONTEXTS AND GPS’ BIOMEDICAL DISEASE PERSPECTIVE. THUS, DESPITE EXISTING GUIDELINES AND THE LEANNESS ASSOCIATED WITH THE EMAIL MEDIUM, MULTIPLE FORMS OF COMPLEXITY WERE EVIDENT. THIS MISMATCH HIGHLIGHTS THE NEED FOR THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENT AS WELL AS THE VALUE OF RE-EXAMINING EXISTING POLICIES AND GUIDELINES REGARDING EXPECTATIONS FOR E-CONSULTATION USE.
#Detkuhaværetmig
Authors: Brøgger Matilde Nisbeth , Nielbo Kristoffer L. , Fage-Butler Antoinette
Published: January 2021

HEALTHCARE PROFESSIONALS IN DENMARK USED THE HASHTAG #DETKUHAVÆRETMIG [“IT COULD HAVE BEEN ME”] TO EXPRESS PROFESSIONAL SOLIDARITY WITH A JUNIOR DOCTOR WHO WAS INITIALLY DECLARED NEGLIGENT AFTER ORAL INSTRUCTIONS WERE NOT WRITTEN DOWN AND FOLLOWED UP. THIS ARTICLE EXPLORES HOW THE FUNCTIONALITIES OF TWITTER FACILITATED THE EXPRESSION AND PROPAGATION OF SOLIDARITY WITH A FELLOW MEDICAL PROFESSIONAL. OUR DATA CONSIST OF ALL #DETKUHAVÆRETMIG TWEETS FROM AUGUST 2017–MAY 2019. DEVISING A MIXED METHODS APPROACH TO ANALYSE PROFESSIONAL SOLIDARITY IN TWEETS, WE EXPLORE, AMONGST OTHER THINGS, WHO THE TWEETERS WERE, WHEN THE HASHTAG WAS MOST FREQUENTLY USED, AND THE CONTENT OF TWEETED STATEMENTS. SOLIDARITY WAS EXPRESSED THROUGH THE HASHTAG ITSELF, TWEETED STATEMENTS AND PHOTOS. THE HASHTAG’S PROPAGATION POTENTIAL WAS PROMOTED BY MENTIONING POLITICIANS AND NEWS MEDIA AND INCLUDING CO-HASHTAGS THAT LINKED TO RELATED CONCERNS. TWITTER, THROUGH THE HASHTAG #DETKUHAVÆRETMIG, BECAME A VEHICLE FOR EXPRESSING AND PROPAGATING PROFESSIONAL SOLIDARITY.
Glimpses, Glances, and Gossip: Seventeenth-century Dutch Paintings of Domestic Interiors on Their Neighbourhood’s Doorstep
Authors: Stone-Ferrier Linda
Published: January 2021

Les études des peintures hollandaises du milieu du XVIIe siècle représentant des intérieurs domestiques se sont généralement concentrées sur les personnages et les activités du premier plan. Les portes et fenêtres ouvertes en arrière-plan, donnant sur des rues adjacentes, ne sont que mentionnées au passage comme représentant la ville ou le monde. Cet article met au contraire l’accent sur les vues donnant sur la rue à travers la lentille inexplorée du quartier néerlandais, qui constitue un réseau social et une organisation officielle avec des règlements, des membres mandatés, un contrôle social substantiel, de la camaraderie et un sentiment d’identité et de lieu. Veillant aux portes et fenêtres ouvertes sur la rue, les résidents se gardaient informés des activités et des nouvelles qui formaient le flux et le reflux des échanges sociaux dans le quartier et contribuaient à préserver l’honneur de la petite communauté. Dans leur évocation de personnages à côté de portes et de fenêtres ouvertes ou de mobiliers favorisant l’examen du quartier, ces peintures ont contribué à façonner, affirmer et perpétuer les moeurs des organisations officielles de quartier.
Sweeping the Meydan: Home and Religious Ceremony Amongst the Alevis
Authors: Andersen Angela , Gündüz Can
Published: January 2021

Les alévis de Turquie parlent de la tradition qui consiste à organiser des cems, cérémonies en congrégation, dans les maisons des guides spirituels héréditaires et d’autres membres de la communauté. L’alévisme, qui regroupe les pratiques des lignées spirituelles kurdes et turcophones d’Asie occidentale issues de la famille du prophète Mahomet, est historiquement suivi sans l’utilisation des bâtiments de la mosquée, au contraire deleurs voisins musulmans sunnites. Dans cet article, nous combinons l’analyse architecturale avec des histoires orales recueillies auprès d’alévis pratiquants pour examiner les maisons alévis utilisées pour la cérémonie. Les pièces et les arrangements domestiques décrits par nos interviewés sont des études de cas dans le cadre d’un examen plus large de la vie religieuse et du comportement au sein du foyer et soulignent l’expérience de communautés spirituelles marginalisées dans les contextes rural et urbain. Notre recherche originale sur ce sujet élargit les définitions de l’architecture islamique, intègre la culture matérielle domestique dans l’histoire des sites liturgiques et érode la distinction présumée entre les contextes religieux et domestique.
Deconstructing narrativity on the screen Re-reading Don Quixote in Albert Serra’s Honor de cavalleria (Spain, 2006)
Authors: Talens Jenaro
Published: January 2021

This article deals with the reading carried out by the Catalan filmmaker Albert Serra in his film Honor de cavalleria of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha. It analyzes the text in terms of interdiscursive translation/rewriting by arguing that what is adapted is not so much the plot as the enunciative logic that underlies the Cervantine novel.
«Era aventura pura». Géneros cinematográficos, circuitos de exhibición e imaginarios en la Buenos Aires de las décadas de 1940 y 1950
Authors: Gil Mariño Cecilia , Kelly Hopfenblatt Alejandro , Sasiain Sonia
Published: January 2021

A partir de la incorporación de la historia oral, la historiografía del cine y el entretenimiento masivo ha complejizado sus preceptos y ha generado nuevas preguntas. Dentro de ellas, el interrogante sobre el gusto y el consumo se ha vuelto central para reformular nociones como la popularidad y el éxito de los filmes o la relación del cine con la sociedad.  El presente artículo ahonda en estas temáticas a partir de la centralidad que tuvieron las estructuras genéricas del cine clásico. Para ello se retoman las propuestas de Rick Altman acerca de su carácter dinámico y los trabajos de Annette Kuhn sobre la memoria cultural para estudiar los públicos de cine de Buenos Aires de la década de 1940 y 1950. A partir de un conjunto de entrevistas a adultos mayores, se indaga en su impacto tanto sobre sus hábitos de consumo como sobre sus modos de relacionarse con su ambiente.
Dinámicas del encierro Policial, asfixia y juego de la verdad en La sartén por el mango (Manuel Antín, 1972)
Authors: Sala Jorge
Published: January 2021

El escrito analiza la traslación cinematográfica que Manuel Antín efectuó de la obra teatral de Javier Portales La sartén por el mango (1972). Se examinará el modo en que el filme propone un cruce productivo entre el género policial y el drama psicológico. A su vez, se observará cómo la estrategia de puesta en escena que consiste en reducir la situación dramática a un único espacio cerrado se relaciona con la aparición de ‘el juego de la verdad’. Este procedimiento, de raíz teatral, permitirá establecer cruces entre estas obras con otros ejemplos contemporáneos del cine y el teatro.
Temor y temblor: antes y después del terror cinematográfico en el videojuego
Authors: Maté Diego
Published: January 2021

El videojuego mantiene todo tipo de intercambios con el cine. El terror es un campo especialmente interesante para atender a los diálogos, los vaivenes y los silencios entre los dos medios. En los años 80, el videojuego trabaja con iconografías y motivos del terror cinematográfico. Se notan intentos precarios de imitar formas del sobresalto propias del género en cine pero sin llegar a apropiarse de recursos del lenguaje del cine y sin establecer un género videolúdico. El crecimiento de los motores gráficos en 3D de los 90 permite replicar recursos del lenguaje cinematográfico. La operación que condensa esta transformación es el jumpscare, elemento que modeló la enunciación del género. El survival horror se afianza como la primera forma estable de terror videolúdico. Después de 2010, el videojuego entra en un nuevo período y ensaya estrategias de shock por fuera de su relación con el cine. Algunos juegos abandonan el realismo tridimensional y los recursos cinematográficos para volver sobre desarrollos estilísticos previos y explorar el registro incierto y la vacilación de lo fantástico. Cada etapa reúne estrategias textuales que movilizan, en el plano de la enunciación, distintas formas de conmoción. El terror cinematográfico funciona como condición de producción de los dos primeros momentos, mientras que el tercero reenvía hacia el propio pasado mediático del videojuego y procura allí los insumos expresivos para desplegar nuevas formas de sobresalto.
Influence of different charge-state ion distribution on elastic X-ray scattering in warm dense matter
Authors: Jin Yang , Zhang Ping , Li Yong-Jun , Hou Yong , Zeng Jiao-Long , Yuan Jian-Min ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China,   Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088, China
Published: January 2021

The study of warm dense matter is very important for the evolution of celestial bodies and inertial confinement fusion, which often contains a mixture of multiple elements and different charge-state ions. The ionic structure and distribution of different charge-states directly affect the diagnosis and physical properties of warm dense matter. At the same time, the influence of high-temperature dense plasma on the ionic structure should be considered when we study the physical properties from the first-principle calculation of electron structure. In the present work, the radial distribution functions of multiple charge-state ions (gold, carbon-hydrogen mixture, and aluminum) are developed in the hypernetted-chain approximation, and elastic x-ray scattering of different charge-state ions are calculated in the warm dense matter regime. Firstly, the electron structure of different charge-state ions is self-consistently computed in the ionic sphere, in which the ion-sphere radii are determined by the plasma density and their charges. And then the ionic fraction is obtained by solving the modified Saha equation, with the interactions among different charge-state ions taken into account, and ion-ion pair potentials are obtained by Yukawa model. Finally, the ion features of x-ray elastic scattering for Al are calculated on the basis of electronic distribution around the nuclei and ionic radial distribution function. By comparing the results of different charge-sate ions with the result of mean charge-sate ion, it is shown that different statistical methods can affect the physical properties which are dependent on the electronic and ionic structure.
Universal and taxon-specific trends in protein sequences as a function of age
Authors: James Jennifer E , Willis Sara M , Nelson Paul G , Weibel Catherine , Kosinski Luke J , Masel Joanna
Published: January 2021

Extant protein-coding sequences span a huge range of ages, from those that emerged only recently to those present in the last universal common ancestor. Because evolution has had less time to act on young sequences, there might be ‘phylostratigraphy’ trends in any properties that evolve slowly with age. A long-term reduction in hydrophobicity and hydrophobic clustering was found in previous, taxonomically restricted studies. Here we perform integrated phylostratigraphy across 435 fully sequenced species, using sensitive HMM methods to detect protein domain homology. We find that the reduction in hydrophobic clustering is universal across lineages. However, only young animal domains have a tendency to have higher structural disorder. Among ancient domains, trends in amino acid composition reflect the order of recruitment into the genetic code, suggesting that the composition of the contemporary descendants of ancient sequences reflects amino acid availability during the earliest stages of life, when these sequences first emerged.
MYC regulates ribosome biogenesis and mitochondrial gene expression programs through its interaction with host cell factor–1
Authors: Popay Tessa M , Wang Jing , Adams Clare M , Howard Gregory Caleb , Codreanu Simona G , Sherrod Stacy D , McLean John A , Thomas Lance R , Lorey Shelly L , Machida Yuichi J , Weissmiller April M , Eischen Christine M , Liu Qi , Tansey William P
Published: January 2021

The oncoprotein transcription factor MYC is a major driver of malignancy and a highly validated but challenging target for the development of anticancer therapies. Novel strategies to inhibit MYC may come from understanding the co-factors it uses to drive pro-tumorigenic gene expression programs, providing their role in MYC activity is understood. Here we interrogate how one MYC co-factor, host cell factor (HCF)–1, contributes to MYC activity in a human Burkitt lymphoma setting. We identify genes connected to mitochondrial function and ribosome biogenesis as direct MYC/HCF-1 targets and demonstrate how modulation of the MYC–HCF-1 interaction influences cell growth, metabolite profiles, global gene expression patterns, and tumor growth in vivo. This work defines HCF-1 as a critical MYC co-factor, places the MYC–HCF-1 interaction in biological context, and highlights HCF-1 as a focal point for development of novel anti-MYC therapies.
Immunocompetent mouse model for Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus
Authors: Hawman David W , Meade-White Kimberly , Leventhal Shanna , Feldmann Friederike , Okumura Atsushi , Smith Brian , Scott Dana , Feldmann Heinz
Published: January 2021

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe tick-borne febrile illness with wide geographic distribution. CCHF is caused by infection with the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) and case fatality rates can be as high as 30%. Despite causing severe disease in humans, our understanding of the host and viral determinants of CCHFV pathogenesis are limited. A major limitation in the investigation of CCHF has been the lack of suitable small animal models. Wild-type mice are resistant to clinical isolates of CCHFV and consequently, mice must be deficient in type I interferon responses to study the more severe aspects of CCHFV. We report here a mouse-adapted variant of CCHFV that recapitulates in adult, immunocompetent mice the severe CCHF observed in humans. This mouse-adapted variant of CCHFV significantly improves our ability to study host and viral determinants of CCHFV-induced disease in a highly tractable mouse model.
Silk derived formulations for accelerated wound healing in diabetic mice
Authors: Tariq Muniba , Tahir Hafiz Muhammad , Butt Samima Asad , Ali Shaukat , Ahmad Asma Bashir , Raza Chand , Summer Muhammad , Hassan Ali , Nadeem Junaid
Published: January 2021

Background

The present study aimed to prepare effective silk derived formulations in combination with plant extract (Aloe vera gel) to speed up the wound healing process in diabetic mice.

Methods

Diabetes was induced in albino mice by using alloxan monohydrate. After successful induction of diabetes in mice, excision wounds were created via biopsy puncture (6 mm). Wound healing effect of silk sericin (5%) and silk fibroin (5%) individually and in combination with 5% Aloe vera gel was evaluated by determining the percent wound contraction, healing time and histological analysis.

Results

The results indicated that the best biocompatible silk combination was of 5% silk fibroin and 5% Aloe vera gel in which wounds were healed in 13 days with wound contraction: 98.33 ± 0.80%. In contrast, the wound of the control group (polyfax) healed in 19 day shaving 98.5 ± 0.67% contraction. Histological analysis revealed that the wounds which were treated with silk formulations exhibited an increased growth of blood vessels, collagen fibers, and much reduced inflammation.

Conclusion

It can be concluded that a combination of Bombyx mori silk and Aloe vera gel is a natural biomaterial that can be utilized in wound dressings and to prepare more innovative silk based formulations for speedy recovery of chronic wounds.
Microbial community structure in aquifers associated with arsenic: analysis of 16S rRNA and arsenite oxidase genes
Authors: Sonthiphand Prinpida , Rattanaroongrot Pasunun , Mek-yong Kasarnchon , Kusonmano Kanthida , Rangsiwutisak Chalida , Uthaipaisanwong Pichahpuk , Chotpantarat Srilert , Termsaithong Teerasit
Published: January 2021

The microbiomes of deep and shallow aquifers located in an agricultural area, impacted by an old tin mine, were explored to understand spatial variation in microbial community structures and identify environmental factors influencing microbial distribution patterns through the analysis of 16S rRNA and aioA genes. Although Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteria, Patescibacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Epsilonbacteraeota were widespread across the analyzed aquifers, the dominant taxa found in each aquifer were unique. The co-dominance of Burkholderiaceae and Gallionellaceae potentially controlled arsenic immobilization in the aquifers. Analysis of the aioA gene suggested that arsenite-oxidizing bacteria phylogenetically associated with Alpha-, Beta-, and Gamma proteobacteria were present at low abundance (0.85 to 37.13%) and were more prevalent in shallow aquifers and surface water. The concentrations of dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus significantly governed the microbiomes analyzed in this study, while the combination of NO3--N concentration and oxidation-reduction potential significantly influenced the diversity and abundance of arsenite-oxidizing bacteria in the aquifers. The knowledge of microbial community structures and functions in relation to deep and shallow aquifers is required for further development of sustainable aquifer management.
DNA profiling and assessment of genetic diversity of relict speciesAllium altaicumPall. on the territory of Altai
Authors: Khapilina Oxana , Raiser Olesya , Danilova Alevtina , Shevtsov Vladislav , Turzhanova Ainur , Kalendar Ruslan
Published: January 2021

Analysis of the genetic diversity of natural populations of threatened and endangered species of plants is a main aspect of conservation strategy. The endangered speciesAllium altaicumis a relict plant of the Ice Age and natural populations are located in extreme climatic conditions of Kazakstan’s Altai Mountains. Mobile genetic elements and other interspersed repeats are basic components of a eukaryote genome, which can activate under stress conditions and indirectly promote the survival of an organism against environmental stresses. Detections of chromosomal changes related to recombination processes of mobile genetic elements are performed by various PCR methods. These methods are based on interspersed repeat sequences and are an effective tool for research of biological diversity of plants and their variability. In our research, we used conservative sequences of tRNA primer binding sites (PBS) when initializing the retrotransposon replication as PCR primers to research the genetic diversity of 12 natural populations ofA. altaicumfound in various ecogeographic conditions of the Kazakhstani Altai. High efficiency of the PBS amplification method used was observed already at the intrapopulation level. Unique amplicons representative of a certain population were found at the intrapopulation level. Analysis of molecular dispersion revealed that the biodiversity of populations of mountainous and lowlandA. altaicumis due to intrapopulation differences for climatic zones of habitation. This is likely conditional upon predominance of vegetative reproduction over seed reproduction in some populations. In the case of vegetative reproduction, somatic recombination related to the activity of mobile genetic elements are preserved in subsequent generations. This leads to an increase of intrapopulation genetic diversity. Thus, high genetic diversity was observed in populations such asA. altaicumlocated in the territory of the Kalbinskii Altai, whereas the minimum diversity was observed in the populations of the Leninororsk ecogeographic group. Distinctions between these populations were also identified depending on the areas of their distribution. Low-land and mid-mountain living environments are characterized by a great variety of shapes and plasticity. This work allowed us to obtain new genetic data on the structure ofA. altaicumpopulations on the territory of the Kazakhstan Altai for the subsequent development of preservation and reproduction strategies for this relict species.
Epigénesis de la razón pura y espacialización del tiempo en Kant
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago (Chile), Estay Muñoz Camilo
Published: January 2021

En este artículo se intentará dilucidar la expresión ‘epigénesis de la razón pura’ de Kant en relación con el orden de fundamentación trascendental de constitución de la objetividad, tal y como es presentado en la Crítica de la razón pura. De manera especial, se examinará la relación de fundamentación que existe entre el tiempo y el espacio. Se defenderá la tesis según la cual el espacio es lógica e intuitivamente prioritario respecto del tiempo, para lo cual se acudirá al pasaje titulado ‘Refutación al idealismo’. Junto con esto, se llevará a cabo una interpretación del Esquematismo y las Analogías de la Experiencia que dé cuenta de que, además, se puede inferir una espacialización del tiempo en el pensamiento de Kant.
Jean-Claude Michéa. 2020. El imperio del mal menor: ensayo sobre la civilización liberal. 180 págs. Santiago: Instituto de Estudios de la Sociedad.
Authors:   Universidad de los Andes, Santiago de Chile, Echegaray Hartmann Lukas
Published: January 2021

Echegaray Hartmann, L. (2021). Jean-Claude Michéa. 2020. El imperio del mal menor: ensayo sobre la civilización liberal. 180 págs. Santiago: Instituto de Estudios de la Sociedad. Aporía · Revista Internacional De Investigaciones Filosóficas, (20), 116-118. https://doi.org/10.7764/aporia.20.21701
Innerarity, D. 2018. Política para perplejos. 192 págs. Barcelona.: Galaxia Gutenberg
Authors:   Universidad del País Vasco (españa), Urteaga Eguzki
Published: January 2021

Urteaga, E. (2021). Innerarity, D. 2018. Política para perplejos. 192 págs. Barcelona.: Galaxia Gutenberg. Aporía · Revista Internacional De Investigaciones Filosóficas, (20), 94-115. https://doi.org/10.7764/aporia.20.27229
Paediatric Malignant Blue Cell Tumours- A Practical Pathological and Immunohistochemical Study in Duhok, Iraq
Authors: Pity Intisar Salim , Younus Shilan Ameen
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Malignant Blue Cell Tumours (MBCTs) are common heterogeneous tumours among paediatric age group. Their heterogeneity is reflected in their therapeutic and prognostic diversity. Mere morphology is not enough to differentiate them. Immunohistochemistry is a key tool for identification of small blue cell tumours that lack evidence of lineage differentiation on the ground of light microscopic morphology. Aim: To identify the immunohistochemical identity of paediatric MBCTs in Duhok, Iraq. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study performed on 120 cancers reported morphologically as MBCTs over 11-year period, from January 2009 to December 2019. Clinical data and histomorphologic acumen were considered and integrated with the immunohistochemical findings. Applying autostainer, immunohistochemistry was performed using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies. Results: Lymphoma/leukaemia topped the diagnostic list 36 (30%) formed the commonest category, followed by Ewing’s/Primitive Neuro Ectodermal Tumour (PNET) 29 (24.2%), Neuroblastoma 16 (13.3%), Wilm’s tumour 11 (9.2%), Rhabdomyosarcoma 9 (7.5%) and Medulloblastoma 7 (5.8%). The remainders comprised Retinoblastoma (3.4%), Glioblastoma and Ependymoma (2.5% each). Hepatoblastoma and Astroblastoma formed the least frequent tumours (0.8% each). These tumours were more frequently located in the soft tissue (30%) followed by brain (14.2%), bone (10%), Lymph Node (LN) (9.2%) and kidney (10%). Conclusion: Integration of clinical data and histomorphologic acumen helped much for categorisation of MBCTs. Application of immunohistochemistry in this study has shown a significant improvement in the diagnostic accuracy of paediatric MBCTs. Loss of some differentiation antigens and aberrant expression of some markers often necessitate the use of panels of antibodies and, even molecular testing to target the task.
Rods and Rings Antinuclear Antibody Pattern in Non Hepatitis C Patients: A Series of Five Cases with Review of Literature
Authors: Kumar Mahendra , Kumar Yashwant , Saikia Biman , Chhabra Seema , Naidu Shankar , Sharma Vishal , Dhir Varun , Minz Ranjana Walker
Published: January 2021

Antinuclear Antibody (ANA) is commonly found in various Autoimmune Diseases (AD) and their pattern help in narrowing down the differential diagnosis. International Consensus on ANA Pattern (ICAP) has recently introduced Rods and Rings (RR) pattern in their reporting guideline. Since its first identification, it has been considered to be exclusively associated with hepatitis C and its associated treatment {Ribavirin/Interferon-α (INF-α)}. However, later on, a few reports have described its association with other diseases and even in healthy population. In the present series, out of 25,242 clinical samples, five cases of RR-ANA pattern in non hepatitis patients were found and they were further investigated for their disease associations. We are documenting association of RR-ANA pattern with amoebiasis, hepatitis B, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and undifferentiated connective tissue disease. Documentation of such reports may help in better understanding of pathobiology and clinical relevance of this pattern.
Common Neighbourhood and Common Neighbourhood Domination in Fuzzy Graphs
Authors: Mekhlafi Abdullah Q. AL- , Shubatah Mahiuob M. Q. , Emrany Saqr H. AL-
Published: January 2021

In this paper the concepts of common neighbourhood and common neighbourhood domination in fuzzy graph G was introduced and investigated and denoted by Ncn and γcn. We obtained many results related to γcn(G) and Ncn. Finally we give the relationship of γcn(G) with some other parameters in fuzzy graphs.
Underlying Mechanisms of Anti-spasmodic, Antidiarrheal, Antioxidant and Acute Toxicity Assessments of Aqueous Extract of Mentha Suaveolens Ehrh and its Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy Analysis
Authors: Jamila EL-Akhal , Alae Chda , Abdelali Tazi , Abdelatif Boukir , Rachid Bencheikh
Published: January 2021

Objective: The aim of this present study is to investigate the antidiarrheal, spasmolytic and antioxidant activities of aqueous extract of Mentha suaveolens Ehrh (AEMS), to study their underlying mechanisms in animal models and to reveal its main functional groups using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR).

Methods: Mentha suaveolens Ehrh was studied for antidiarrheal activity on Wistar rats of both sexes at the doses of 200 and 800 mg/kg body weight using castor oil-induced diarrhea, castor oil-induced enteropooling and small intestinal transit models.

The extract was studied for antispasmodic property in isolated rabbit jejunum using various spasmogenic agents including Ach (10-5M), KCl (100 mM) and in the absence and in the presence of L-NAME (10-4 M) and the methylene blue (10-5 M).The antioxidant capacity of AEMS was carried out using DPPH radical scavenging activity and the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP). Ascorbic acid and Butylated HydroxyToluene (BHT) were used as references. The functional chemical groups were determined by FTIR.

Results: The great antidiarrheal potential of AEMS seems to be mediated through calcium antagonism. The marked and concentration-dependent induced spasmolytic effect of AEMS appears to involve Ca2+ voltage channel blockade and the NO/cGMP pathway activation. AEMS possessed strong and concentration-dependent antioxidant potency using DPPH and FRAP. Polyphenols, carboxyl and carbohydrates were found to be the main functional groups in the AEMS analyzed by FTIR.

Conclusion: Overall, our current findings provide scientific proves in animal models for the traditional use of AEMS in folk medicine for the prevention or the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in Morocco.
Dietary changes across time: Studying the indigenous period of La Gomera using δ13C and δ15N stable isotope analysis and radiocarbon dating
Authors: Sánchez‐Cañadillas Elías , Carballo Jared , Padrón Eleazar , Hernández Juan Carlos , Melián Gladys V. , Navarro Mederos Juan Francisco , Pérez Nemesio M. , Arnay‐de‐la‐Rosa Matilde
Published: January 2021

Objectives

This article presents new radiocarbon and isotopic data to provide further information about the diet of the indigenous population of La Gomera and its possible changes across time.

Materials and methods

δ13C and δ15N of 53 human and 19 faunal samples from different sites on the island have been obtained and analyzed. Of these, 52 have been radiocarbon dated to provide insight on chronological changes.

Results

Human dates range from the 3rd to 15th centuries AD, while faunal dates range from the 1st to 17th centuries AD. Stable carbon and nitrogen values are significantly different between the human and goat samples and have also a trophic increase of 3.4‰. Although male and female δ15N data are not significantly different. Both δ13C and δ15N values of both human and animal samples tend to discretely decrease over time.

Discussion

Radiocarbon dates from humans correlate with other dates obtained in the rest of the archipelago. Animal radiocarbon dates generally coincide except for one date, which requires further study. Isotopic δ15N data suggest a mix of marine and terrestrial protein consumption in humans, the latter being more abundant given the seasonality of the first. δ13C data also suggest a possible mixed diet in humans, with a predominance of C3 plants, like Hordeum vulgare, the only grain found in archaeological sites so far. Variations of both δ13C and δ15N over time suggest a slight modification on the diet, which could be related to environmental changes.
OGDHL closely associates with tumor microenvironment and can serve as a prognostic biomarker for papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Mao Min , Huang Rong‐zhi , Zheng Jie , Liang Hai‐qi , Huang Wen‐hui , Liu Jing , Li Jie‐hua
Published: January 2021

Background

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is the most common type of thyroid cancer. However, due to the lack of reliable prognostic biomarkers for PTC, overtreatment has been on the rise. Therefore, our research aims to identify new and promising prognostic biomarkers and provide fresh perspectives for clinical decision making.

Methods

The RNA‐seq data and clinical data of PTC samples were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas data portal. GSE64912 and GSE83520 datasets were downloaded through the GEOquery R package. The difference in the expression of oxoglutarate dehydrogenase like (OGDHL) between PTC and normal tissues was explored by the Wilcoxon test. Kaplan–Meier (KM) and Cox regression analyses were used to further explore the prognostic value of OGDHL. The tumor microenvironments of PTC patients were explored based on ssGSEA and Tumor Immune Estimation Resource online database. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to explore the biological processes associated with OGDHL.

Results

The expression level of OGDHL in PTC was significantly altered compared to that in normal tissues (p < 0.05). Various biological processes associated with OGDHL were also explored through GSEA. KM analysis suggested that the low‐OGDHL group had a better overall survival [OS, p = 3.49e‐03, hazard ratio (HR) = 4.567]. The receiver operating characteristic curve also indicated the favorable prognostic potential of OGDHL. Moreover, OGDHL was proved to be an independent prognostic indicator in Cox analysis (p = 1.33e‐02, HR = 0.152). In the analysis of the tumor microenvironment, the low‐OGDHL group showed a lower immune score and stromal score, while tumor purity was higher. The expression of OGDHL was also closely correlated with the infiltration of immune cells.

Conclusion

Our study elucidated the influence of OGDHL on the prognosis of PTC and demonstrated its potential as a novel biomarker, which would provide new insights into the prognosis monitoring and clinical decision making in PTC patients.
Advertising exposure and investor attention: Estimates from Super Bowl commercials
Authors: Branikas Ioannis , Buchbinder Gabriel
Published: January 2021

Product advertising captures the attention not only of consumers but also of investors. Constructing a measure of local investment interest in stocks from Google searches and using the Super Bowl as an experiment, we study the effects of advertising expenses on investor attention. We find that the post‐game Monday attention of investors in areas with high viewership increases significantly for both local and non‐local companies that air commercials. Non‐local firms with high advertising exposure in a region attract more interest than local firms with low exposure, suggesting that advertising has a stronger impact on investor attention than the local bias.
Structural Determination of an Unusual CuI‐Porphyrin‐π‐Bond in a Hetero‐Pacman Cu‐Zn‐Complex
Authors: Marquardt Michael , Cula Beatrice , Budhija Vishal , Dallmann André , Schwalbe Matthias
Published: January 2021

The synthesis and characterization of a hetero‐dinuclear compound is presented, in which a copper(I) trishistidine type coordination unit is positioned directly above a zinc porphyrin unit. The close distance between the two coordination fragments is secured by a rigid xanthene backbone, and a unique (intramolecular) copper porphyrin‐π‐bond was determined for the first time in the molecular structure. This structural motif was further analyzed by temperature‐dependent NMR studies: In solution at room temperature the coordinative bond fluctuates, while it can be frozen at low temperatures. Preliminary reactivity studies revealed a reduced reactivity of the copper(I) moiety towards dioxygen. The results adumbrate why nature is avoiding metal porphyrin‐π‐bonds by fixing reactive metal centers in a predetermined distance to each other within multimetallic enzymatic reaction centers.
Ox‐SLIM: Synthesis of and Site‐Specific Labelling with a Highly Hydrophilic Trityl Spin Label
Authors: Fleck Nico , Heubach Caspar , Hett Tobias , Spicher Sebastian , Grimme Stefan , Schiemann Olav
Published: January 2021

The combination of pulsed dipolar electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (PDS) with site‐directed spin labelling is a powerful tool in structural biology. Rational design of trityl‐based spin labels has enabled studying biomolecular structures at room temperature and within cells. However, most current trityl spin labels suffer either from aggregation with proteins due to their hydrophobicity, or from bioconjugation groups not suitable for in‐cell measurements. Therefore, we introduce here the highly hydrophilic trityl spin label Ox‐SLIM. Engineered as a short‐linked maleimide, it combines the most recent developments in one single molecule, as it does not aggregate with proteins, exhibits high resistance under in‐cell conditions, provides a short linker, and allows for selective and efficient spin labelling via cysteines. Beyond establishing synthetic access to Ox‐SLIM, its suitability as a spin label is illustrated and ultimately, highly sensitive PDS measurements are presented down to protein concentrations as low as 45 nmresolving interspin distances of up to 5.5 nm.
Prognostic value of left atrial volume index in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis
Authors: Cho In‐Jeong , Jeong Hyeonju , Chang Hyuk‐Jae
Published: January 2021

Background

The significance of left atrial volume index (LAVI) for predicting outcomes in patients with mitral stenosis (MS) has been unclear, even though rheumatic MS is known to be associated with left atrium enlargement and functional deterioration.

Hypothesis

The current study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of LAVI, based on the severity in patients with rheumatic MS.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 611 patients with pure rheumatic MS. The prognostic value of LAVI and the effect of MS severity on the prognostic value of LAVI for events were evaluated. The events were defined as a composite end‐point that included all‐cause death, heart failure admission, mitral valve replacement, percutaneous mitral valvuloplasty, and stroke.

Results

There were 236 (38.6%) overall events during a median follow‐up of 8 months. The optimal LAVI cutoff for the prognostic threshold was 57 ml/m2. The MS severity had a significant effect on the prognostic value of LAVI. A LAVI >57 ml/m2 was a prognostic value for events in progressive MS (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.40, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.41–5.40, p = .004) and in patients with severe MS (HR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.06–2.74, p = .029), but it was not prognostic in patients with very severe MS (HR: 1.02, 95% CI: 0.56–1.84, p = .955).

Conclusions

The prognostic value of LAVI varies and is dependent on the MS severity. A LAVI >57 mL/m2 was independently associated with poor outcomes in patients with progressive MS, while this association was minimized in patients with severe MS.
Angiotensin II receptor blockers valsartan and losartan improve survival rate clinically and suppress tumor growth via apoptosis related to PI3K/AKT signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Lin Yu‐Tsai , Wang Hung‐Chen , Tsai Ming‐Hsien , Su Yan‐Ye , Yang Ming‐Yu , Chien Chih‐Yen
Published: January 2021

Background

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a common type of head and neck cancer in Asia. Adverse effects occur in over 90% of NPC patients treated with radiotherapy or chemoradiation. Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are commonly used to treat hypertension without serious adverse effects. However, the anticancer activity of ARBs in NPC remains unclear.

Methods

We investigated the survival impacts of ARBs among NPC patients in a retrospective study. The anticancer effects and related signaling pathways of the ARBs valsartan and losartan were also evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

Result

A total of 927 patients with NPC who had hypertension were enrolled in the study, 272 (29.3%) of whom received ARBs. Kaplan‐Meier analysis revealed that patients who used ARBs had higher rates of 5‐year overall survival (OS; 87.8% vs 75.1%; P = .002) and disease‐specific survival (DSS; 95.4% vs 77.7%; P < .001) than those who did not receive this treatment. Additionally, ARBs inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by increasing levels of cleaved caspase‐3, cleaved caspase‐9, and cytochrome C; the cell population in the sub‐G1 phase; and caspase‐3 activity in NPC‐TW01 cells. ARBs inhibited tumor growth and angiogenesis via apoptosis in an NPC xenografts model. Interestingly, ARBs inhibited phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT signaling in vitro and in vivo, which is markedly attributed to their antitumor effects in NPC.

Conclusion

These data indicate that ARBs not only improve 5‐year OS and DSS among patients with NPC but also exert antiproliferative and antiangiogenesis effects by inducing apoptosis in NPC, supporting that ARBs may be promising agents for treatment of NPC.
Ultrasensitive detection of tumor‐specific mutations in saliva of patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Shanmugam Ashwini , Hariharan Arun K. , Hasina Rifat , Nair Jayalakshmi R. , Katragadda Shanmukh , Irusappan Sivaraj , Ravichandran Aarthi , Veeramachaneni Vamsi , Bettadapura Radhakrishna , Bhati Muddasir , Ramaswamy Veena , Rao Vishal U. S. , Bagadia Ritvi K. , Manjunath Ashwini , Manjunath N. M. L. , Solomon Monica Charlotte , Maji Shiuli , Bahadur Urvashi , Bettegowda Chetan , Papadopoulos Nickolas , Lingen Mark W. , Hariharan Ramesh , Gupta Vaijayanti , Agrawal Nishant , Izumchenko Evgeny
Published: January 2021

Background

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) is the most common head and neck malignancy. Although the survival rate of patients with advanced‐stage disease remains approximately 20% to 60%, when detected at an early stage, the survival rate approaches 80%, posing a pressing need for a well validated profiling method to assess patients who have a high risk of developing OCSCC. Tumor DNA detection in saliva may provide a robust biomarker platform that overcomes the limitations of current diagnostic tests. However, there is no routine saliva‐based screening method for patients with OCSCC.

Methods

The authors designed a custom next‐generation sequencing panel with unique molecular identifiers that covers coding regions of 7 frequently mutated genes in OCSCC and applied it on DNA extracted from 121 treatment‐naive OCSCC tumors and matched preoperative saliva specimens.

Results

By using stringent variant‐calling criteria, mutations were detected in 106 tumors, consistent with a predicted detection rate ≥88%. Moreover, mutations identified in primary malignancies were also detected in 93% of saliva samples. To ensure that variants are not errors resulting in false‐positive calls, a multistep analytical validation of this approach was performed: 1) re‐sequencing of 46 saliva samples confirmed 88% of somatic variants; 2) no functionally relevant mutations were detected in saliva samples from 11 healthy individuals without a history of tobacco or alcohol; and 3) using a panel of 7 synthetic loci across 8 sequencing runs, it was confirmed that the platform developed is reproducible and provides sensitivity on par with droplet digital polymerase chain reaction.

Conclusions

The current data highlight the feasibility of somatic mutation identification in driver genes in saliva collected at the time of OCSCC diagnosis.
The dual pandemic of COVID‐19 and systemic inequities in US Latino communities
Authors: Martínez María Elena , Nodora Jesse N. , Carvajal‐Carmona Luis G.
Published: January 2021

The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in inequities unique to the Latino population in the United States, and these inequities are driving poor health outcomes, including poor cancer outcomes, and unnecessary loss of life in this vulnerable population.