bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of guided wave contamination in waveform tomography of marine seismic reflection data from southwestern Alaska
Authors: Vayavur Rajesh , Calvert Andrew J.
Published: June 2016

We have applied 2D frequency-domain acoustic waveform tomography to two different sections of a marine seismic reflection line from southwest Alaska: one section with a deep igneous basement overlain by a thick pile of sediments and the other section with a shallow basement and a thin sedimentary cover. We have evaluated the appearance of dispersive guided waves on both sections, and we have determined that with appropriate data preconditioning it is possible to invert the data using 2D acoustic waveform tomography. Where the basement is deep, we first reduced the dispersive wave contamination of the seismic field data by trace editing, band-pass filtering, and careful choice of the data window for inversion. We then tested different objective functions and inversion scheduling before selecting an approach based on the logarithmic phase, which could be followed by joint phase and amplitude inversion. Where the basement is shallow, the starting model itself, which was generated by ray-based first-arrival tomography, generated acoustic guided waves, necessitating the use of an absorbing boundary condition at the free surface. Logarithmic phase inversion was used, but the amplitude inversion did not converge. To invert seismic data from both sections, we used a layer stripping strategy in which the gradient was used at each stage of the inversion process to check the corresponding model updates. Our results were validated by comparison between synthetic and observed waveforms, comparison of residual phase error plots for the initial and final velocity models, and comparison of waveform tomography velocity models with migrated images. Waveform tomography permits interpretation of the subsurface close to the seafloor where reflection images are contaminated by water-layer multiples, and we inferred the existence of a fault zone from a low-velocity anomaly within the igneous basement.
Solid viscosity of fluid-saturated porous rock with squirt flows at seismic frequencies
Authors: Deng Wubing , Morozov Igor B.
Published: June 2016

We have developed a macroscopic model for a two-phase medium (solid porous rock frame plus saturating pore fluid) with squirt flows based on Lagrangian continuum mechanics. The model focuses on improved physics of rock deformation, including explicit differential equations in time domain, causality, linearity, frequency-independent parameters with clear physical meanings, and an absence of mathematical internal or memory variables. The approach shows that all existing squirt-flow models can be viewed as microscopic models of viscosity for solid rock. As in existing models, the pore space is differentiated into compliant and relatively stiff pores. At lower frequencies, the effects of fluid flows within compliant pores are described by bulk and shear solid viscosities of the effective porous frame. Squirt-flow effects are “Biot consistent,” which means that there exists a viscous coupling between the rock frame and the fluid in stiff pores. Biot’s poroelastic effects associated with stiff porosity and global flows are also fully included in the model. Comparisons with several squirt-flow models show good agreement in predicting wave attenuation to approximately 1 kHz frequencies. The squirt-flow viscosity for sandstone is estimated in the range of [Formula: see text], which is close to field observations. Because of its origins in rigorous mechanics, the model can be used to describe any wavelike and transient deformations of heterogeneous porous media or finite bodies encountered in many field and laboratory experiments. The model also leads to new numerical algorithms for wavefield modeling, which are illustrated by 1D finite-difference waveform modeling.
An efficient step-length formula for correlative least-squares reverse time migration
Authors: Liu Youshan , Teng Jiwen , Xu Tao , Bai Zhiming , Lan Haiqiang , Badal José
Published: June 2016

In correlative least-squares reverse time migration (CLSRTM), the estimation of the optimal step size is usually determined by fitting a parabola and finding its minimum; it involves at least two times extra reading of all seismic records, which significantly lowers the efficiency of the algorithm. To improve the efficiency of the CLSRTM algorithm, we have deduced an analytical step-length (ASL) formula based on the linear property of the demigration operator. Numerical examples performed with the data synthetized by the Marmousi and Sigsbee2A models were used to test its validity. In complex models with imperfect migration velocity, such as the Sigabee2A model, our formula makes the value of the objective function converges to a much smaller minimum. Additional numerical tests performed with the data either acquired irregularly or contaminated by different noise levels verify the robustness of the ASL formula. Compared with the commonly used parabolic search method, the ASL formula is much more efficient because it is free from an extra estimation of the value of the objective function.
A 2.5D finite-difference algorithm for elastic wave modeling using near-optimal quadratures
Authors: Li Maokun , Druskin Vladimir , Abubakar Aria , Habashy Tarek M.
Published: June 2016

We have developed a 2.5D finite-difference algorithm to model the elastic wave propagation in heterogeneous media. In 2.5D problems, it is assumed that the elastic properties of models are invariant along a certain direction. Therefore, we can convert the 3D problem into a set of 2D problems in the spectral domain. The 3D solutions are then obtained by applying a numerical integration in the spectral domain. Usually, the quadrature points used in the numerical integration scheme are sampled from the real axis in the spectral domain. The convergence of this quadrature can be very slow especially at high frequencies. We have applied the optimal quadrature scheme for the spectral integration. This is equivalent to transforming the contour of integration from the real axis into a path in the complex plane. Our numerical studies have indicated more than 10 times of reduction in the number of quadrature points compared with sampling along the real axis in the spectral domain. This scheme alleviates the bottleneck of computing speed in the 2.5D elastic wave modeling. Furthermore, it can improve the computational efficiency of 2.5D elastic full-waveform inversion algorithms.
Spatial and temporal evolution of Cenozoic carbonate platforms on the continental margins of the South China Sea: Response to opening of the ocean basin
Authors: Wu Shiguo , Zhang Xinyuan , Yang Zhen , Wu Tuoyu , Gao Jinwei , Wang Dawei
Published: June 2016

Widespread and tremendously thick Cenozoic carbonate sequences are present along the margins of the South China Sea (SCS). However, most of the sequences have been drowned since the Late Miocene. The stratigraphic architecture of the carbonate platforms in the SCS can provide information on the tectonic evolution of the ocean basin. Based on 2D/3D seismic, well and regional geologic data, we have interpreted the Cenozoic SCS carbonate platforms along the continental margins. The carbonate platforms developed during rifting and initiated on the fault block of the conjugate rifted margins. Most of the carbonate platforms became drowned after the Middle Miocene. The Malampaya Carbonate Sequences, which have thicknesses of greater than 600 m, developed on a horst of an Oligocene rifted block. Tectonic subsidence provided accommodation for the growth of the carbonate platforms. Tectonic tilting, faulting, and the foreland bulge controlled the distributions, thicknesses, and horizontal seismic reflection variations of the drowned carbonate platforms. The tectonic evolution and relative sea-level fluctuations controlled the depositional cycles of the carbonate platforms. We quantitatively calculated the factors that affected the extension and subsidence rates using balanced cross section and backstepping techniques. Our results have demonstrated that the carbonate platforms flourished during the Middle Miocene due to stable tectonic conditions and shrank during the Late Miocene due to rapid subsidence. The relative sea level exerted a second-order control on the evolutionary trend of the carbonate platforms and a third-order control on the evolutionary periods in each stage.
Synthetic High-Density Lipoprotein (sHDL) Inhibits Steroid Production in HAC15 Adrenal Cells
Authors: Taylor Matthew J. , Sanjanwala Aalok R. , Morin Emily E. , Rowland-Fisher Elizabeth , Anderson Kyle , Schwendeman Anna , Rainey William E.
Published: June 2016

High density lipoprotein (HDL) transported cholesterol represents one of the sources of substrate for adrenal steroid production. Synthetic HDL (sHDL) particles represent a new therapeutic option to reduce atherosclerotic plaque burden by increasing cholesterol efflux from macrophage cells. The effects of the sHDL particles on steroidogenic cells have not been explored. sHDL, specifically ETC-642, was studied in HAC15 adrenocortical cells. Cells were treated with sHDL, forskolin, 22R-hydroxycholesterol, or pregnenolone. Experiments included time and concentration response curves, followed by steroid assay. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR was used to study mRNA of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase, lanosterol 14-α-methylase, cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme, and steroid acute regulatory protein. Cholesterol assay was performed using cell culture media and cell lipid extracts from a dose response experiment. sHDL significantly inhibited production of cortisol. Inhibition occurred in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and in a concentration range of 3μM–50μM. Forskolin (10μM) stimulated cortisol production was also inhibited. Incubation with 22R-hydroxycholesterol (10μM) and pregnenolone (10μM) increased cortisol production, which was unaffected by sHDL treatment. sHDL increased transcript levels for the rate-limiting cholesterol biosynthetic enzyme, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase. Extracellular cholesterol assayed in culture media showed a positive correlation with increasing concentration of sHDL, whereas intracellular cholesterol decreased after treatment with sHDL. The current study suggests that sHDL inhibits HAC15 adrenal cell steroid production by efflux of cholesterol, leading to an overall decrease in steroid production and an adaptive rise in adrenal cholesterol biosynthesis.
Female Mice Lacking Estrogen Receptor-α in Hypothalamic Proopiomelanocortin (POMC) Neurons Display Enhanced Estrogenic Response on Cortical Bone Mass
Authors: Farman H. H. , Windahl S. H. , Westberg L. , Isaksson H. , Egecioglu E. , Schele E. , Ryberg H. , Jansson J. O. , Tuukkanen J. , Koskela A. , Xie S. K. , Hahner L. , Zehr J. , Clegg D. J. , Lagerquist M. K. , Ohlsson C.
Published: June 2016

Estrogens are important regulators of bone mass and their effects are mainly mediated via estrogen receptor (ER)α. Central ERα exerts an inhibitory role on bone mass. ERα is highly expressed in the arcuate (ARC) and the ventromedial (VMN) nuclei in the hypothalamus. To test whether ERα in proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons, located in ARC, is involved in the regulation of bone mass, we used mice lacking ERα expression specifically in POMC neurons (POMC-ERα−/−). Female POMC-ERα−/− and control mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and treated with vehicle or estradiol (0.5 μg/d) for 6 weeks. As expected, estradiol treatment increased the cortical bone thickness in femur, the cortical bone mechanical strength in tibia and the trabecular bone volume fraction in both femur and vertebrae in OVX control mice. Importantly, the estrogenic responses were substantially increased in OVX POMC-ERα−/− mice compared with the estrogenic responses in OVX control mice for cortical bone thickness (+126 ± 34%, P < .01) and mechanical strength (+193 ± 38%, P < .01). To test whether ERα in VMN is involved in the regulation of bone mass, ERα was silenced using an adeno-associated viral vector. Silencing of ERα in hypothalamic VMN resulted in unchanged bone mass. In conclusion, mice lacking ERα in POMC neurons display enhanced estrogenic response on cortical bone mass and mechanical strength. We propose that the balance between inhibitory effects of central ERα activity in hypothalamic POMC neurons in ARC and stimulatory peripheral ERα-mediated effects in bone determines cortical bone mass in female mice.
Obstructive Fibrinous Tracheal Pseudomembrane
Authors: Ammar Yoann , Vella-Boucaud Juliette , Launois Claire , Vallerand Hervé , Dury Sandra , Lebargy François , Deslee Gaëtan , Perotin Jeanne-Marie
Published: June 2016

Obstructive fibrinous tracheal pseudomembrane (OFTP) is a rare and potentially severe complication of endotracheal intubation characterized by a tubular pseudomembrane that obstructs the trachea and induces clinical symptoms of airway obstruction after extubation. In this report, we reviewed and summarized all published cases of OFTP (n = 58) between 1981 and 2015. Twenty-three of 52 patients were men, and the mean age was 36 ± 22 years. Intubation was emergent in 41 of 53 cases. OFTP was revealed by acute symptoms in 19 of 39 cases and led to acute respiratory failure in 13 of 39 cases. Symptoms occurred 3 ± 3 days after extubation. A tracheal obstruction ≥70% was observed in 14 of 18 cases. Bronchoscopic removal was performed in 49 of 58 cases with no recurrence. In conclusion, OFTP is characterized by a typical clinical and endoscopic presentation, with no recurrence after bronchoscopic removal. Early recognition and bronchoscopy are key elements for efficient diagnosis and treatment.
Opioid-induced Hallucinations: A Review of the Literature, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Authors: Sivanesan Eellan , Gitlin Melvin C. , Candiotti Keith A.
Published: June 2016

Despite their association with multiple adverse effects, opioid prescription continues to increase. Opioid-induced hallucination is an uncommon yet significant adverse effect of opioid treatment. The practitioner may encounter patient reluctance to volunteer the occurrence of this phenomenon because of fears of being judged mentally unsound. The majority of the literature concerning opioid-induced hallucinations arises from treatment during end-of-life care and cancer pain. Because the rate of opioid prescriptions continues to increase in the population, the rate of opioid-associated hallucinations may also conceivably increase. With a forecasted increase in the patient-to-physician ratio, opioid therapy is predicted to be provided by practitioners of varying backgrounds and medical specialties. Hence, knowledge of the pharmacology and potential adverse effects of these agents is required. This review seeks to increase awareness of this potential complication through a discussion of the literature, potential mechanisms of action, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
Terraforming for Urbanists
Authors: Heise Ursula K.
Published: June 2016

This essay examines the convergence of the science-fiction motif of terraforming with current discussions of the Anthropocene. In the process, it outlines a vision of the city, not as the antithesis to nature or a biological wasteland but as itself a form of nature. This vision of the city as a natural system contrasts with conventional dystopian visions of future cities as scenarios of exploitation, crisis, and disaster. Science-fiction novelist, Kim Stanley Robinson's 2312 uses high-modernist literary strategies to create a narrative of cities and planets as humanly transformed but nonetheless natural environments. Harryette Mullen's minimalist volume of poetry Urban Tumbleweed echoes Robinson's urban vision and the narrative of flânerie by which he explores the newly natural streets of large metropolises. Mullen's account of Los Angeles converges with Robinson's landscape of Mercury in their effort to understand city and nature as elements of the same transformation processes. Both not only display the processes of terraforming that create nature in and out of cities, thus cities as part of nature, but also expose the processes that create and undo cultural and political communities at the same time. The result is a vision of urban communities in which varieties of humans and nonhumans make their presence felt and their voices heard—a more-than-human democracy that turns the idea of the Anthropocene away from its uniquely human focus.
Walking inBleak House
Authors: Mufti Nasser
Published: June 2016

Can the novel, so adept at making sociopolitical cohesiveness legible, help us understand society's dissolution? If novelistic writing makes national unity conceivable, often in conjunction with the institutions of national literature, language, and region, can this same literary form “obliterate” social cohesion or at least make its incoherence legible? This essay turns to Charles Dickens's Bleak House to think about the negative aspect of the novel's involvement in the horizon of legibility of social relations. It focuses on the novel's representation of mud—both as the abject material that saturated the streets of Victorian London and as a metaphor for Chancery's waste and dysfunction. Dickens's novel turns to the figure of mud to dramatize how the very institutions that are meant to ground and give shape to English society turn out to be the very apparatuses by which this social body is de-formed. Although mud stages a crisis for the English social body in a domestic framework, the essay concludes by looking at how the crisis that mud names is actually the occasion to reconstitute England in an imperial register.
Reading the Book of the World: Epic Representation in the Age of Our Geophysical Agency
Authors: Boes Tobias
Published: June 2016

Literary theory for the past century has been dominated by the assumption that the novel is a genre that responds to the feeling of “transcendental homelessness” that is both described and partially caused by transcendental philosophy. Central to this assumption is the idea that we can only relate to nature via an intervening screen of social representations; that is, through what Theodor W. Adorno called a “second nature.” In the Anthropocene, however, these layers become blurred, since nature itself becomes a medium for the inscription of texts that contain portentous clues regarding our collective destiny as a species. This article deploys a mixture of historical case studies and theoretical forays into the fields of linguistics and poetics to argue that what Roman Jakobson would have called the “expressive” and “poetic” functions of language are more important for an understanding of the new “book of the world” than the “referential” function that stands as the traditional center of novel theory. The article concludes with a close reading of Adalbert Stifter's novel Indian Summer (1857) in order to demonstrate what an approach to a canonical text that is informed by our current environmental predicament might look like.
Change and Leadership in Foreign Policy: The Case of Turgut Ozal's Premiership in Turkey, 1983–1989
Authors: Ertosun Erkan
Published: June 2016

This essay seeks to explain the source and magnitude of change in Turkish foreign policy during Turgut Ozal's premiership. In doing so, it employs theoretical studies on foreign policy change and the role of the leader in such processes. The essay argues that Prime Minister Ozal assumed the role of the authoritative leader in Turkey's foreign policy decision making, which was the main source of change in that period's foreign policy. Further, it demonstrates that during the period from 1983 until 1989 there were changes in the level of effort as well as shifts in the methods and aims of Turkish foreign policy. Nevertheless, this period did not witness any comprehensive or fundamental changes at the level of international orientation.
Energetic cost determines voluntary movement speed only in familiar environments
Authors: Seebacher Frank , Borg Jason , Schlotfeldt Kathryn , Yan Zhongning
Published: June 2016

Locomotor performance is closely related to fitness. However, in many ecological contexts, animals do not move at their maximal locomotor capacity, but adopt a voluntary speed that is lower than maximal. It is important to understand the mechanisms that underlie voluntary speed, because these determine movement patterns of animals across natural environments. We show that voluntary speed is a stable trait in zebrafish (Danio rerio), but there were pronounced differences between individuals in maximal sustained speed, voluntary speed and metabolic cost of locomotion. We accept the hypothesis that voluntary speed scales positively with maximal sustained swimming performance (Ucrit), but only in unfamiliar environments (1st minute in an open-field arena versus 10th minute) at high temperature (30°C). There was no significant effect of metabolic scope on Ucrit. Contrary to expectation, we rejected the hypothesis that voluntary speed decreases with increasing metabolic cost of movement, except in familiar spatial (after 10 min of exploration) and thermal (24°C but not 18 or 30°C) environments. The implications of these data are that the energetic costs of exploration and dispersal in novel environments are higher than those for movement within familiar home ranges.
Deposition of Metal Organic Framework Layers on Skeletal Cu Prepared from Cu-Ti Amorphous Alloy and Their Enhanced Catalytic Activities
Authors: Nozaki Ai , Tanihara Yasutomo , Kuwahara Yasutaka , Mori Kohsuke , Yamashita Hiromi
Published: June 2016

Layers of metal organic framework (MOF) crystals on skeletal Cu were prepared. The use of DMF as a solvent led to the deposition of densely packed MOF crystals on skeletal Cu and to high catalytic activity in the gas-phase hydrogenation reaction of ethylene.
Too-Systemic-to-Fail: What Option Markets Imply about Sector-Wide Government Guarantees
Authors: Kelly Bryan , Lustig Hanno , Van Nieuwerburgh Stijn
Published: June 2016

We examine the pricing of financial crash insurance during the 2007–2009 financial crisis in US option markets, and we show that a large amount of aggregate tail risk is missing from the cost of financial sector crash insurance during the crisis. The difference in costs between out-of-the-money put options for individual banks and puts on the financial sector index increases four-fold from its precrisis 2003–2007 level. We provide evidence that a collective government guarantee for the financial sector lowers index put prices far more than those of individual banks and explains the increase in the basket-index put spread. (JEL E44, G01, G13, G21, G28, H81)
Domestic Value Added in Exports: Theory and Firm Evidence from China
Authors: Kee Hiau Looi , Tang Heiwai
Published: June 2016

China has defied the declining trend in domestic content in exports in many countries. This paper studies China's rising domestic content in exports using firm- and customs transaction-level data. The approach embraces firm heterogeneity and hence reduces aggregation bias. The study finds that the substitution of domestic for imported materials by individual processing exporters caused China's domestic content in exports to increase from 65 to 70 percent in the period 2000–2007. Such substitution was induced by the country's trade and investment liberalization, which deepened its engagement in global value chains and led to a greater variety of domestic materials becoming available at lower prices. (JEL F13, F14, L14, O19, O24, P31, P33)
Does Affirmative Action Work? Caste, Gender, College Quality, and Academic Success in India
Authors: Bagde Surendrakumar , Epple Dennis , Taylor Lowell
Published: June 2016

Public policy in modern India features affirmative action programs intended to reduce inequality that stems from a centuries-old caste structure and history of disparate treatment by gender. We study the effects of one such affirmative action program: an admissions policy that fixes percentage quotas, common across more than 200 engineering colleges, for disadvantaged castes and for women. We show that the program increases college attendance of targeted students, particularly at relatively higher-quality institutions. An important concern is that affirmative action might harm intended beneficiaries by placing them in academic programs for which they are ill-prepared. We find no evidence of such adverse impacts. (JEL O15, O17, I23, I28, J15, J16, Z13)
Euro and Trade Flows in Central Europe
Authors: Cieślik Andrzej , Michałek Jan Jakub , Mycielski Jerzy
Published: June 2016

In this paper we estimate the trade effects of the euro adoption in Central European countries using a modified gravity model. In particular, we analyze the ex post implications of accession of Slovenia and Slovakia to the Eurozone. We employ a gravity model that controls for an extended set of trade theory and policy variables. Trade theory variables include both the country size and factor proportion variables. Trade policy variables include the membership in GATT/WTO, CEFTA, OECD, EU and Europe Agreements. The gravity model is estimated using the panel data approach on a sample of CEE countries trading with the rest of the world during the period 1992-2009 using the fixed effects, random effects and Hausman-Taylor estimators. It seems that elimination of exchange rate volatility resulted in trade expansion for the CEE countries but the accession to the Eurozone did not have any significant effects on exports of Slovakia and Slovenia.
Effectiveness of Fiscal Policy Coordination Rules in the Monetary Union
Authors: Baran Bernadeta
Published: June 2016

Stability and Growth Pact is the main rule-based framework for the coordination of national fiscal policies in the economic and monetary union (EMU). It was established to safeguard sound public finances, an important requirement for EMU to function properly. Member states had a lot of determination before setting up a monetary union (nominal criteria were a condition to adopt common currency). In the next years, coordination of fiscal policy was not so successful. In many countries, revenues were temporarily boosted by tax-rich activity, while they didn’t restrict their expenditures. In most countries fiscal policy was pro-cyclical (not anti-cyclical) and they didn’t achieve their MTO. Financial crisis has sharpened budgetary problems in member states and showed the weakness of coordination rules.
The Impact Of Previous Job Experience on Employment Odds in Szczecin
Authors: Beata Bieszk-Stolorz Beata , Markowicz Iwona
Published: June 2016

The aim of this article is to examine the impact of job experience on the odds. The studies which have been conducted by the authors so far focus on such determinants of finding a job by the unemployed as: gender, age and education. It has been confirmed that they are the features determining both the employment odds and the time devoted to seeking a job. The authors have presented a thesis that an unemployed person’s professional experience conditions affect the likelihood of their finding employment. Moreover, the odds are not the same in individual subgroups of a given community. The research tool used in the presented analysis is a model of logistic regression which, following the logit transformation, enables the researchers to determine the odds ratio. The odds ratio makes it possible to compare the employment odds of a person who declares previous employment experience with that of a person who has not been employed before. The authors examined the influence of previous job experience on employment odds in a given community as a whole and in individual subgroups divided by gender, age and education. Statistical data were obtained thanks to a long-term cooperation with the Poviat Labour Office in Szczecin. The analysed data covered 19 398 people who unregistered from the Poviat Labour Office in 2009.
SERES HUMANOS-COM-INTERNET OU INTERNET-COM-SERES HUMANOS: UMA TROCA DE PAPÉIS?
Authors: Pereira Souto Daise Lago , De Carvalho Borba Marcelo
Published: June 2016

El propósito de este artículo es analizar posibles influencias de internet en la producción de las Matemáticas a distancia, en línea y discutir las interrelaciones entre actores humanos y no humanos involucrados en esta producción. Para ello, contamos con el análisis de datos empíricos producidos en un curso de educación Matemática para profesores. La discusión se basa en un aspecto de la teoría de la actividad y el constructo seres - humanos - con - medios. Como herramienta de análisis utilizamos la noción de miniciclones de transformaciones expansivas. Los resultados indicaron que en el sistema de actividad constituido durante el hacer matemáticas en línea, internet jugó dos papeles: como artefacto y como comunidad. Esta doble actuación contribuyó a la transformación de los motivos de la actividad y también favoreció distintos movimientos. También encontramos que actores humanos y no humanos se interrelacionan de tal manera que ambos pueden desempeñar las mismas funciones en un sistema de actividad.
New Investors and Bubbles: An Analysis of the Baosteel Call Warrant Bubble
Authors: Gong Binglin , Pan Deng , Shi Donghui
Published: June 2016

This paper provides an analysis of the impact of new investors on the bubble surrounding the Baosteel call warrant, the first derivative traded in China after a nine-year suspension. We empirically show that new investors initiated the bubble at the opening call auction and were the key driving force to sustain the bubble until the maturity of the warrant.

This paper was accepted by Wei Jiang, finance.
A Continuum Approximation Approach to the Dynamic Facility Location Problem in a Growing Market
Authors: Wang Xin , Lim Michael K. , Ouyang Yanfeng
Published: June 2016

This paper proposes a continuum approximation (CA) model to solve the dynamic facility location problem for a large-scale growing market. The objective is to determine the optimal facility location and deployment time that minimize the costs for facility construction and customer service in a planning horizon. To overcome computational challenges, the CA model determines the optimal facility density in the spatiotemporal continuum. Then we propose a tube model to discretize the resulting continuous facility density function into a set of time-varying facility location trajectories. To enforce consistency in facility location over time, an iterative regulation procedure based on a penalty method is applied. We present convergence properties of the proposed procedure and further derive conditions under which the CA approach and the tube model yield tight approximation error bounds. We conduct a series of numerical experiments to illustrate the applicability and computational performance (e.g., accuracy and convergence) of the proposed modeling framework, first via comparison with discrete model counterparts using hypothetical data, and then via application to an empirical case for the state of Illinois. Our results show that the proposed method effectively solves the dynamic facility location problem to reasonable accuracy. Various managerial insights are also drawn.
Diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus in women following bariatric surgery: A national survey of lead diabetes midwives
Authors: Whyte Martin , Johnson Roisin , Cooke Deborah , Hart Kathryn , McCormack Marie , Shawe Jill
Published: June 2016

Background:

Bariatric surgery is becoming more common among women of fertile age to manage obesity. The number of pregnancies following bariatric surgery is, therefore, likely to rise. The standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) may lead to dizziness, sweating and collapse in people after some types of bariatric surgery.

Aims:

In view of this potential pitfall in the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) after bariatric surgery, the authors surveyed midwifery units to establish current practice for the screening and diagnosis of GDM in women who have had bariatric surgery.

Methods:

Out of 164 English obstetric units, 120 email surveys were sent to a network of lead diabetes midwives in units across England. A reminder email was sent 4 weeks later.

Findings:

Twenty-seven (22.5%) responses were received. Five respondents (26%) had specific policies in place to manage pregnancies after bariatric surgery. A wide variety of approaches to GDM screening and diagnosis were used in women with a history of bariatric surgery. The OGTT was the most widely used test after bariatric surgery.

Conclusions:

There is a need for national clinical guidelines to be developed for the diagnosis of GDM after bariatric surgery.
Lessons from a placement in Peru
Authors: Stone Heidi
Published: June 2016

At the end of her pre-registration midwifery programme, Heidi Stone undertook a voluntary observational placement in Peru, to learn about birth in a developing country.
Small AnimalReview
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: June 2016

Introduction:

Cisplatin beads are an alternative treatment modality to radiotherapy for the management of soft tissue sarcomas following surgery.
Ibuprofen toxicosis
Authors: Bates Nicola
Published: June 2016

Ibuprofen is commonly ingested by animals, particularly dogs. Toxicosis may also occur in cats (although few cases are reported), while ferrets are at particular risk due to their small size. Although previously used clinically in dogs, ibuprofen has a narrow margin of safety and causes gastrointestinal signs that can vary from irritation to haemorrhage and perforation. Renal injury may also occur, but liver impairment is rare. Rapid onset neurological signs may occur after ingestion of a large dose. Animals with dehydration, hypotension or pre-existing renal impairment are more at risk of toxicosis. The aim of treatment is prevention and management of gastrointestinal and renal signs. The outcome is usually favourable.
Raise your voices for general practice
Authors: Anderson Joanne
Published: June 2016

Joanne Anderson is a nurse practitioner, NHS Education for Scotland general practice nurse education advisor, and committee member of the Scottish Practice Nurse Association (SPNA)
Performance of an NLP Tool to extract PFT reports from Structured and
Semi-Structured VA data
Authors: Sauer Brian C. , Jones Barbara E. , Globe Gary , Leng Jianwei , Lu Chao-Chin , He Tao , Teng Chia-Chen , Sullivan Patrick , Zeng Qing
Published: June 2016

Introduction/Objective: Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are objective estimates of
lung function, but are not reliably stored within the Veteran Health Affairs data
systems as structured data. The aim of this study was to validate the natural language
processing (NLP) tool we developed—which extracts spirometric values and responses to
bronchodilator administration—against expert review, and to estimate the number of
additional spirometric tests identified beyond the structured data.Methods: All patients
at seven Veteran Affairs Medical Centers with a diagnostic code for asthma Jan 1,
2006–Dec 31, 2012 were included. Evidence of spirometry with a bronchodilator challenge
(BDC) was extracted from structured data as well as clinical documents. NLP’s
performance was compared against a human reference standard using a random sample of
1,001 documents.Results: In the validation set NLP demonstrated a precision of 98.9
percent [d1] (95 percent confidence intervals (CI): 93.9 percent, 99.7 percent), recall
of 97.8 percent (95 percent CI: 92.2 percent, 99.7 percent), and an F-measure of 98.3
percent for the forced vital capacity pre- and post pairs and precision of 100 percent
(95 percent CI: 96.6 percent, 100 percent), recall of 100 percent (95 percent CI: 96.6
percent, 100 percent), and an F-measure of 100 percent for the forced expiratory volume
in one second pre- and post pairs for bronchodilator administration. Application of the
NLP increased the proportion identified with complete bronchodilator challenge by 25
percent.Discussion/Conclusion: This technology can improve identification of PFTs for
epidemiologic research. Caution must be taken in assuming that a single domain of
clinical data can completely capture the scope of a disease, treatment, or clinical
test.Key words: asthma, bronchodilator challenge, natural language processing, pulmonary
function
Predicting Empirical Patterns in Viewing Japanese TV Dramas Using Case-Based Decision Theory
Authors: Kinjo Keita , Sugawara Shinya
Published: June 2016

This article empirically analyzes consumer behavior of viewing TV dramas using case-based decision theory. The theory addresses an economic situation with structural ignorance, where states of the world are not naturally given nor simply formulated for a decision-maker. Under this theory, consumers make decisions based on subjective evaluations of previous purchases for similar goods. Our empirical analysis is concerned with viewing decisions on getsuku, the Japanese TV dramas broadcast at 9 pm Monday by the Fuji Television Network. The regularity of the schedule and the long-sustaining popularity of the program enable us to easily collect consumer data. Then, we conduct a web survey of individual audiences on subjective evaluations of previously watched dramas. For our empirical analysis, we utilize a simple linear model of the case-based model that allows the incorporation of flexible inference techniques. Our results demonstrate better performance of the case-based models than models based on traditional expected utility theory regarding both statistical model selection and one-step-ahead prediction. We also reveal that the successful performance of the case-based model in our analysis depends on the availability of individual subjective evaluations and that it is difficult to replace the individual-specific information using demographic information and aggregate data.
Sellers’ Implicit Collusion in Directed Search Markets
Authors: Han Seungjin
Published: June 2016

This paper studies a competing-mechanism game for directed search markets in which multiple sellers simultaneously offer selling mechanisms to multiple buyers in order to compete for trading opportunities and profits. Buyers approach any particular seller via directed search, but there can be mis-coordination among buyers in the sense that they choose all the sellers offering the same mechanism with equal probability. A seller’s mechanism can be sufficiently general to make his trading price contingent on participating buyers’ messages, which may reflect changes in trading prices somewhere else. This allows sellers to sustain implicit collusion. This paper focuses on symmetric equilibria in which sellers offer the same mechanism that induces buyers’ ex-post truth telling on market information. It provides the characterization of all symmetric ex-post truth telling equilibrium allocations and comparative statics regarding the range of equilibrium prices and profits. In a large market, the probability that sellers can sell their products at collusive prices depends on the ratio of buyers to sellers.
Separation of Intercepted Multi-Radar Signals Based on Parameterized Time-Frequency Analysis
Authors: Lu W. L. , Xie J. W. , Wang H. M. , Sheng C.
Published: June 2016

Modern radars use complex waveforms to obtain high detection performance and low probabilities of interception and identification. Signals intercepted from multiple radars overlap considerably in both the time and frequency domains and are difficult to separate with primary time parameters. Time–frequency analysis (TFA), as a key signal-processing tool, can provide better insight into the signal than conventional methods. In particular, among the various types of TFA, parameterized time-frequency analysis (PTFA) has shown great potential to investigate the time–frequency features of such non-stationary signals. In this paper, we propose a procedure for PTFA to separate overlapped radar signals; it includes five steps: initiation, parameterized time-frequency analysis, demodulating the signal of interest, adaptive filtering and recovering the signal. The effectiveness of the method was verified with simulated data and an intercepted radar signal received in a microwave laboratory. The results show that the proposed method has good performance and has potential in electronic reconnaissance applications, such as electronic intelligence, electronic warfare support measures, and radar warning.
Liquorzytologie: Eine aussagekräftige Methode zur Diagnostik von Erkrankungen des Zentralnervensystems
Authors: Torzewski Michael , Lackner Karl J.
Published: June 2016

Die Liquorzytologie ist eine technisch vergleichsweise einfache, dabei aber diagnostisch aussagefähige, schnell durchzuführende und kostengünstige Untersuchung, die auch im Rahmen des Notfall- und Basisprogramms der Liquordiagnostik nicht fehlen sollte. Die korrekte Durchführung und Interpretation setzt allerdings einige Erfahrung voraus. Anhand ausgewählter Beispiele zu den Themen Blutung, Meningitis und Meningeosis wird die Wertigkeit der Zytologie demonstriert, die oftmals nicht nur eine Ergänzung zu den üblichen quantitativen Bestimmungen ist, sondern nicht selten auch erst den diagnostisch entscheidenden Hinweis auf die zugrundliegende Erkrankung liefert: Bei der Subarachnoidalblutung ist sie hinsichtlich der Sensitivität der kranialen Computertomographie oftmals überlegen. Bei einer parasitären Meningitis liefert sie aufgrund des Nachweises eosinophiler Granulozyten erst die wesentliche Differentialdiagnose. Auch hinter einer normalen Zellzahl verbirgt sich gelegentlich eine Meningeois neoplastica. Tumorzellen lassen sich dabei mit Hilfe der Immunzytologie näher zuordnen. Entscheidend für eine aussagekräftige Zytologie ist allerdings die strikte Einhaltung präanalytischer Anforderungen.
Characterization and modeling of nanotips fabricated in the field ion microscope
Authors: Ali Ahmed , Barada Hassan , Rezeq Moh’d
Published: June 2016

Nanotips are considered significant elements in some of nanotechnology instruments. They are used in scanning probe microscopes and electron microscopes to characterize materials at the nano and atomic scales. Therefore, the size and profile of the nanotip determines the performance of these microscopes. The advancement of nanotip fabrication techniques has enabled the fabrication of ultra-sharp tips and even single-atom tips. However, the characterization of nanotips with an apex of a few nanometers is still premature, while the conventional characterization methods of the tip size, such as the ring counting method, have shown some limitation at this nano scale. In this paper, we review the various nanotip fabrication methods with a focus on the most recent one, which is called the local electron bombardment method. We demonstrate an approach for estimating the nanotip radius with good approximation using ball crystal models. We also model the overall nanotip profile using finite element simulation tools based on the hyperboloidal geometry. The modeling and radius estimation approach is applied on tips fabricated by the local electron bombardment method, which will be explained in detail as well.
Was James Psychologistic?
Authors: Klein Alexander
Published: June 2016

As Thomas Uebel has recently argued, some early logical positivists saw American pragmatism as a kindred form of scientific philosophy. They associated pragmatism with William James, whom they rightly saw as allied with Ernst Mach. But what apparently blocked sympathetic positivists from pursuing commonalities with American pragmatism was the concern that James advocated some form of psychologism, a view they thought could not do justice to the a priori. This paper argues that positivists were wrong to read James as offering a psychologistic account of the a priori. They had encountered James by reading Pragmatism as translated by the unabashedly psychologistic Wilhelm Jerusalem. But in more technical works, James had actually developed a form of conventionalism that anticipated the so-called “relativized” a priori positivists themselves would independently develop. While positivists arrived at conventionalism largely through reflection on the exact sciences, though, James’s account of the a priori grew from his reflections on the biological evolution of cognition, particularly in the context of his Darwin-inspired critique of Herbert Spencer.
The Subterranean Influence of Pragmatism on the Vienna Circle: Peirce, Ramsey, Wittgenstein
Authors: Misak Cheryl
Published: June 2016

An underappreciated fact in the history of analytic philosophy is that American pragmatism had an early and strong influence on the Vienna Circle. The path of that influence goes from Charles Peirce to Frank Ramsey to Ludwig Wittgenstein to Moritz Schlick. That path is traced in this paper, and along the way some standard understandings of Ramsey and Wittgenstein, especially, are radically altered.
Effects of a Six-Week Hip Thrust vs. Front Squat Resistance Training Program on Performance in Adolescent Males: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Contreras Bret , Vigotsky Andrew D. , Schoenfeld Brad J. , Beardsley Chris , McMaster Daniel T. , Reyneke Jan H.T. , Cronin John B.
Published: June 2016

Contreras, B, Vigotsky, AD, Schoenfeld, BJ, Beardsley, C, McMaster, DT, Reyneke, JHT, and Cronin, JB. Effects of a six-week hip thrust vs. front squat resistance training program on performance in adolescent males: A randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 31(4): 999–1008, 2017—The barbell hip thrust may be an effective exercise for increasing horizontal force production and may thereby enhance performance in athletic movements requiring a horizontal force vector, such as horizontal jumping and sprint running. The ergogenic ability of the squat is well known. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 6-week front squat and hip thrust programs in adolescent male athletes. Vertical jump height, horizontal jump distance, 10- and 20-m sprint times, and isometric midthigh pull peak force were among the measured performance variables, in addition to front squat and hip thrust 3 repetition maximum (3RM) strength. Magnitude-based effect sizes revealed potentially beneficial effects for the front squat in both front squat 3RM strength and vertical jump height when compared with the hip thrust. No clear benefit for one intervention was observed for horizontal jump performance. Potentially beneficial effects were observed for the hip thrust compared with the front squat in 10- and 20-m sprint times. The hip thrust was likely superior for improving normalized isometric midthigh pull strength and very likely superior for improving hip thrust 3RM and isometric midthigh pull strength. These results support the force vector theory.