bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The weak antilocalization and localization phenomenon in AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas
Authors: Zhu Bo  , Gui Yong-Sheng  , Zhou Wen-Zheng  , Shang Li-Yan  , Guo Shao-Ling  , Chu Jun-Hao  , Lü Jie  , Tang Ning  , Shen Bo  , Zhang Fu-Jia  ,   (1)北京大学物理学院人工微结构和介观物理国家重点实验，北京  100871; (2)兰州大学 物理系，兰州  730000; (3)兰州大学 物理系，兰州  730000；中国科学院上海技术物理研究所红外物理国家重点实验室，上海  200083; (4)中国科学院上海技术物理研究所红外物理国家重点实验室，上海  200083
Published: December 2020

The weak localization and weak antilocalization effects in the coherent scattering of two dimensional electron gas(2DEG) have been observed in Al0.22Ga0.78N/GaN heterostructures by the magneto-transport measurement. The change of magnetoresistance from positive to negative under a perpendicular low magnetic field indicates that electron spin-orbit scattering caused by crystal field exists in Al0.22Ga0.78N/GaN heterojunction. The relation between the spin-orbit scattering time and the temperature is discussed for 2DEG, the inelastic scattering time measured by experiment shows a strong temperature dependence according to T-1 rule, which indicates that the electron-electron scattering with small energy transfer is the dominant inelastic process.
Calculation of spin and orbital moments of 3d transition metals using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism in absorption
Authors: Li Hong-Hong  , Wang Jie  , Guo Yu-Xian  , Wang Feng  ,   中国科学技术大学国家同步辐射实验室，合肥  230029
Published: December 2020

X-ray magnetic circular dichroism(XMCD) in absorption has been extensively used to determine spin and orbital moments by applying the sum rules to the absorption spectra of specified atoms. Due to quench of orbital moments in 3d transition metals, it is necessary to reduce errors in experiments and data analysis. In this article we focas on the data analysis in 4 aspects. 1) The influence of applied magnetic field H on signal intensity. Experiments reveal that, for H-α; for H>200Gs, it changes little with the increase of H. 2) There is a separation between absorption spectra resulting from the iron-core remanence being in the parallel or antiparallel directions. This separation is independent of incident X-ray polarization and can be eliminated by multiplying by a constant. 3) An analytic form of absorption spectrum was obtained by fitting experimental data using XPSPEAK 4.1. It can be used as a criterion to determine which numerical integration method is suitable under certain experimental conditions. And, 4) by choosing an error function as a background to be subtracted from the X-ray absorption spectra, a method of calculation of spin and orbital moments from XMCD absorption spectrum is also developed Finally, the spin moment, of 1.314μB and orbital moment of 0.141μB of cobalt atom in a 20nm thick cobalt film are figured out based on Bode rule numerical integration.
Vacuum ultraviolet photoionization and photodissociation of C2HCl3 by synchrotron radiation
Authors: Ma Jing  , Ding Lei  , Gu Xue-Jun  , Fang Li  , Zhang Wei-Jun  , Wei Li-Xia  , Wang Jing  , Yang Bin  , Huang Chao-Qun  , Qi Fei  ,   (1)中国科学技术大学国家同步辐射实验室,合肥  230029; (2)中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所环境光谱学研究室,合肥  230031
Published: December 2020

The photoionization and photodissociation of C2HCl3 by vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons from synchrotron radiation source were investigated under the supersonic beam conditions by using a reflectron-time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). The photoionization mass spectrum and the photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves of the parent ion and some fragment ions were measured. The ionization energy of C2HCl3 was measured to be 9.51±0.05 eV. The potentials for the appearance of C2HCl+2, C2HCl+, and CCl+ are obtained to be 12.40±0.05, 15.88±0.05, and 18.33±0.05, respectively. The formation enthalpies of some major ions and the dissociation energy (DE) of C2HCl3 have been evaluated from these data. According to the experimental results and the theoretical calculations by G1 theory, the main possible channels of dissociative photoionization of C2HCl3 have been discussed. In the future, one can detect C2HCl3 with SPI-TOFMS technique using 118.0nm laser. Based on the mass spectrum obtained at that wavelength using synchrotron radiation source.
Electronic structures and color centers of PbWO4 with lead vacancy
Authors: Liu Ting-Yu  , Zhang Qi-Ren  , Zhuang Song-Lin  ,   (1)上海理工大学光电学院，上海  200093; (2)上海理工大学理学院，上海  200093
Published: December 2020

The electronics structures and absorption spectra of polarized light for the PWO crystal containing VPb2- have been calculated using CASTEP code with lattice structure optimization. The optimized lattice structures around lead vacancy in the PWO have been obtained. The color center models and their corresponding absorption spectra have been proposed according to the experimental results of the lattice structures and the electronic structures around the lead vacancy. The negative divalent VPb2- should trap two holes to maintain the local neutrality. The possible way of the formation of the hole centers is one trapped hole shared by two O2- ions nearest to VPb2- and other one shared by another two O2- ions nearest to VPb2- forming ［O23--VPb2--O23-］. The different ways of O2- ions trapping the holes will form different color centers corresponding to different absorption bands. The color center models around VPb2- have been proposed.
Internal magnetic fluctuation in the HL-1M tokamak
Authors: Zheng Yong-Zhen  , Qi Chang-Wei  , Ding Xuan-Tong  , Lee Wen-Zhong  ,   核工业西南物理研究院，成都  610041
Published: December 2020

The transport of runaway electrons in hot plasma can be comparatively easily measured by steady state or perturbation experiments, which provide runaway electron diffusivity Dr. The runaway diffusion coefficient has been obtained using four methods: (1) Dr is deduced from Plasma shift experiment; (2) Dr is deduced from its sawteeth oscillations behaviors of HXR flux and of SXR intensity; (3) Dr is deduced from microwave radiation intensity sawtoothing behaviors; (4) Dr is deduced from hard-X-ray bremsstrahlung spectra. The diffusivity can be interpreted in terms of a magnetic fluctuation level. The internal magnetic fluctuations level (b～r/BT) is estimated to be about (2—4)×10-4 in the HL-1M plasma. The results presented here demonstrate the effectiveness of using runaway transport techniques for determining internal magnetic fluctuations. A profile of the magnetic fluctuation level in the HL-1M can be estimated from Dr.
High-quality multiple quantum wells selectively grown on taper-patterned substrates by ultra-low-pressure MOCVD
Authors: Zhao Qian  , Pan Jiao-Qing  , Zhang Jing  , Zhou Fan  , Wang Bao-Jun  , Wang Lu-Feng  , Bian Jing  , An Xin  , Zhao Ling-Juan  , Wang Wei  ,   中国科学院半导体研究所国家光电子工艺中心,北京  100083
Published: December 2020

High quality InGaAsP/InGaAsP multiple quantum wells (MQWs) have been selectively grown by ultra-low-pressure (22 mbar) metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. A large bandgap energy shift of 46 nm and photoluminescence with FWHM less than 30 meV were obtained with a rather small mask width variation (15—30 μm). In order to study the uniformity of the MQWs grown in the selective area, novel tapered masks were employed, and the transition effect of the tapered region was also studied. The energy detuning of the tapered region was observed to be saturated at larger ratios of the mask width to the tapered region length.
The first-principles calcultion of the electronic structure of finite length carbon nanotubes grafted by carboxyl
Authors: Zhang Hua  , Chen Xiao-Hua  , Zhang Zhen-Hua  , Qiu Ming  , Xu Long-Shan  , Yang Zhi  ,   (1)长沙理工大学物理与电子科学系，长沙  410076; (2)湖南大学材料科学与工程学院，长沙  410082; (3)湖南大学材料科学与工程学院，长沙  410082;长沙理工大学物理与电子科学系，长沙  410076
Published: December 2020

We report the first-principles calculation of the electronic distribution and the density of states (DOS) of the armchair(5,5) and zigzag (9,0) single-walled carbon nanotubes (SCNTs) grafted by carboxyl within the framework of density-functional-theory(DFT). It was found that the electronic structure of the SCNTs changes significantly due to the graft, namely, the electron density of states near Fermi level and the delocalized degree of the highly occupied molecular orbital decline greatly with increase of the number of carboxylic functional groups grafted. This suggests that the graft weakens the electronic transport properties of SCNTs.
Growth, structure and spectral properties of Yb3+-doped KY(WO4)2 laser crystal
Authors: Zhang Li-Jie  , Lei Ming  , Wang Yu-Ming  , Li Jian-Li  , Sun Yu  , Liu Jing-He  ,   (1)长春理工大学材料与化工学院，长春  130022; (2)长春理工大学材料与化工学院，长春  130022；长春工业大学化工学院，长春  130012
Published: December 2020

Yb3+-doped KY(WO4)2 (Yb:KYW) laser crystal was grown by top seeded solution growth (TSSG) method. The solute and solvent calcined at 920℃ and 600℃ respectively for 8h formed a single phase as shown by XRD analysis, which suppressed the volatilization in the growth process. The as-grown crystal was identified as β-Yb:KYW by XRD, and the cell parameters of Yb:KYW were calculated to be a=1.063nm, b=1.034nm, c=0.755nm and β=130.75°. Absorption spectrum of samples with different thickness (E//c) were obtained, in which two intensive peaks at 933nm and 981nm were observed, and the absorption cross section is 5.34×10-20cm2 at the main peak of 981nm. Fluorescence spectrum of the sample was measured and there exist three intensive emission peaks at 990, 1010 and 1030nm. It was calculated that the peak emission cross section is 3.1×10-20cm2 at 1030nm and the lifetime is 0.56ms which is closed to the measured value. The pumping parameter (β), saturated pump intensity (Isat) and minimum pump intensity (Imin) were calculated, and the parameter Imin (24kW/cm2) of Yb:KYW is very low compared to other Yb3+ doped crystals.
Order-disorder phase transitions in the surface layers of fcc (001) AB alloy thin films
Authors: Pan Jiang-Ling  , Ni Jun  ,   (1)清华大学物理系,北京  100084; (2)清华大学物理系,北京  100084;中南大学物理科学与技术学院,长沙  410083
Published: December 2020

The order-disorder phase transitions of the fcc AB alloy thin films in (001) direction are studied numerically by the cluster variation method. The computation results show that the order-disorder phase transitions of thin films are determined by the parity of the layer number of films. The thin films with different parity will show different phase structures and thermodynamic properties. When the surface field is weak, for films with even number of layers, in the chemical potential region corresponding to the bulk concentration x=0.5, there appears the middle-temperature phase as well as the wetting phenomenon due to the missing of symmetry of the films. While for films with odd number of layers, the order-disorder phase transitions are similar with that of the bulk materials. When the surface field is strong, for films with odd number of layers, in the chemical potential region corresponding to the bulk concentration x=0.5, there is an AB(AB)nA phase which does not show order-disorder phase transtion with the increase of temperature due to the combined effect of the surface field and finite size.
Analysis of the classic model of the charge density wave
Authors: Li Lian-Gang  , Ruan Yong-Feng  ,   天津大学理学院，天津  300072
Published: December 2020

The nonlinear differential equation for charge density wave(CDW) proposed by Grüner is analyzed in this paper. According to a periodic solution of the equation suggested in this paper at first, it follows naturally that the sliding of CDW obeys the Ohms law. Many results such as the threshold of starting field and sliding velocity of a single segment are also derived, and the defect of neglecting the first term in the equation is avoided. Applying the result to the model of multiple segments of the CDW, the exponential law of the conductivity and the threshold of applied field, as well as the “narrow-band" noise are obtained simply, which are consistent with the experimental formula. To describe the connection of a multiple segment of CDW system, the mechanism of “elastic connection" is treated as an internal force, which clarifies the vagueness in primary Portis model.
Effects of Ta buffer layers on the ordering of equiatomic FePt thin films
Authors: Zhang Li-Jiao  , Cai Jian-Wang  , Meng Fan-Bin  , Li Yang-Xian  ,   (1)河北工业大学材料学院，天津  300130; (2)中国科学院物理研究所磁学国家重点实验室，北京  100080
Published: December 2020

The magnetic and microstructural properties of Ta/FePt/C thin films after annealing at various temperatures have been investigated. The results indicate that for a very thin Ta buffer with amorphous structure and relatively large roughness, defects and grain boundaries of high density are formed in the FePt film grown on it, which effectively lowers the energy barrier of the ordering with Ta interdiffusion into the grain boundaries of the FePt film during the annealing process. The formation of the L10 phase of FePt thin films is thus greatly promoted with the ordering temperature of FePt significantly reduced by introducing a thin Ta buffer layer. On the other hand, when Ta layer is relatively thick, its roughness accordingly reduces, and most of the interfacial Ta atoms are finally bounded with the advent of the crystalline structure of the Ta buffer. Therefore, Ta buffer layer at this thickness range has little effect on the ordering of FePt films.
Monte Carlo simulation of chromatin fiber conformation affected by ionic strength
Authors: Guan Zhi-Qiang  , Xue Yan-Pin  , Lin Hai  , He Gui-Li  , Wu Chen-Xu  ,   (1)厦门大学物理系软凝聚态研究室，厦门  361005; (2)厦门大学物理系软凝聚态研究室，厦门  361005;福建广播电视大学龙岩分校，龙岩  364000
Published: December 2020

In this paper, using Monte Carlo simulation, we obtain different structures of chromatin fibers with different ionic concentration. The result shows that as the ionic concentration is increased, the fiber undergoes a conformational change from sawtooth state to super-helix state. The structural parameters obtained by simulation agree well with the experimental results, indicating that our model is useful in explaining the conformational change of chromatin fibers in different ionic solutions.
Defect states of homogeneity dislocation structures in two-dimensional phononic crystal
Authors: Zhao Fang  , Yuan Li-Bo  ,   哈尔滨工程大学理学院物理系，哈尔滨  150001
Published: December 2020

The defect states in two-dimensional phononic crystal homogeneity dislocation structures has been studied by means of the plane-wave expansion method in combination with a supercell technique. Transverse dislocation structures and longitudinal dislocation structures are investigated respectively. The results show that, acting as a line defect, transverse dislocation structures can mold the flow of sound in the bandgap along the dislocation channel and form the so called waveguides; while longitudinal dislocation structures, which act just as point defects, can form a cavitylike void surrounded by the three nearest cylinders around the dislocation line to create a localized state. In addition, the number and the position of defect bands strongly depend on the transverse and longitudinal dislocation displacement, so we can artificially control the defect bands by adjusting the transverse and longitudinal dislocations of lattices in a homogeneity islocation structures.
Bifurcation analysis and control in Turbo decoding algorithm
Authors: Zhang Wei  , Zhou Shu-Hua  , Ren Yong  , Shan Xiu-Ming  ,   清华大学电子工程系复杂工程系统实验室,北京  100084
Published: December 2020

Turbo Codes can approach the Shannon limit very closely with the help of its special iterative decoding algorithm. This paper establishes a nonlinear dynamic system to analyze the relationship between Turbo decoding output and the number of iterations. Here, the number of iterations is taken as the time axis, decoding output as the state variable, SNR and information bits N as system parameters. It is shown that with SNR increasing, the decoding algorithm undergoes three stages, namely the indecisive fix-point, singular region and unequivocal fix-point. Bifurcations occur during the transformation from the indecisive fix-point to the singular region. It is first proposed that fold, period doubling and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation all have the possibility to occur, depending on the value of N. In the singular region, phase trajectories may appear as period-two, period-three, quasiperiod and chaos. This paper first observed and confirmed the existence of period-three and chaos. Singular region deteriorates the performance of Turbo codes under low SNR. This paper proposes a time-delay feedback control method to stablize the fix-point. Simulation results show that this method achieves 0.1—0.3 dB improvement for Turbo codes under low SNR condition.
Spreading of partially coherent cosh-Gaussian beams propagating through turbulent atmosphere
Authors: Ji Xiao-Ling  , Huang Tai-Xing  , Lü Bai-Da  ,   (1)四川大学激光物理与化学研究所，成都  610064; (2)四川师范大学物理系，成都  610066
Published: December 2020

Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel principle, the spreading of partially coherent cosh-Gaussian beams propagating through turbulent atmosphere is studied by using the incoherent superposition of higher-order Hermite-Gaussian beams. The analytic expression of the mean-squared width of partially coherent cosh-Gaussian beams in turbulence is derived. It is shown that the spreading increases with increasing turbulent parameter C2n and decentered parameter δ of the beams. However, partially coherent cosh-Gaussian beams with larger δ are less sensitive to the effect of turbulence than those with smaller δ.
Does size really matter?
Authors: Heckel David G
Published: December 2020

Analysis of the smallest known arthropod genome reveals a mechanism for genome reduction that appears to be driven by a specialized ecological interaction with plants.
Entrepreneurial Intention Model: Empirical Results with Management Students in Serbia
Authors: Nikolić Tošović Marija , Jovanović Violeta
Published: December 2020

Research Question: This paper analyses which elements influence the entrepreneurial intention in Serbian entrepreneurial practice. Motivation: With this research, we want to draw attention of the public, decision-makers and entrepreneurs to entrepreneurship as a huge potential for the nation’s long-term economic growth in Serbia. To enlarge the number of potential entrepreneurs and, therefore, the final number of entrepreneurs, a more detailed explanation of all the phases as well as the prediction of entrepreneurship is necessary. As far as the first phase is concerned, this research starts from the adoption of the theory of planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991) and tests relative contributions of motivational antecedents to the entrepreneurial intention (EI). Mixed results from literature for model specifications, especially for the contribution of subjective norm (SN), lead to the general need for more empirical support. Idea: Considering findings that the influence of motivational antecedents on EI differs due to national cultures (Linan & Chen, 2009), we conducted the empirical investigation to test the model in the context of Serbian entrepreneurial practice. Data: Primary data were collected from 191 responses to the questionnaire distributed among the students of Master management studies and junior and senior students of undergraduate management studies at the Faculty of Management in the first semester of 2019/2020. Tools: To confirm the construct validity and to improve the quality of the measurement model and its application to new dataset, methods that validate the model were applied: Cronbach’s alpha, factor analysis, the Heterotrait–Monotrait ratio of correlations and the Fornell-Larcker criterion. To test the hypotheses, the structural equation modelling was used. Findings: The proposed EI model achieved statistically significant explanatory power of almost 50% of the variations in EI, due to personal attitude (PA) and perceived behaviour control (PBC). The study adds empirical evidence in the context of Serbian entrepreneurial practice about the role of SN as the antecedent of PA and PBC. Age, a role model and work experience showed statistically significant influence as control variables. Contribution: The study extends the literature by empirically testing Ajzen’s theory in the context of an emerging economy and offers an input for practical implementation of findings.
Polo like kinase 1 expression in cervical cancer tissues generated from multiple detection methods
Authors: Gao Li , Pang Yu-Yan , Guo Xian-Yu , Zeng Jing-Jing , Tang Zhong-Qing , Xiong Dan-Dan , Yang Xia , Li Ying , Ma Fu-Chao , Pan Lin-Jiang , Feng Zhen-Bo , Chen Gang
Published: December 2020

Background

Existing studies of PLK1 in cervical cancer had several flaws. The methods adopted by those studies of detecting PLK1 expression in cervical cancer were single and there lacks comprehensive evaluation of the clinico-pathological significance of PLK1 in cervical cancer.

Methods

A total of 303 cervical tissue samples were collected for in-house tissue microarrays. Immunohistochemistry was performed for evaluating PLK1 expression between cervical cancer (including cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CESC) and cervical adenocarcinoma) and non-cancer samples. The Expression Atlas database was searched for querying PLK1 expression in different cervical cancer cell lines and different tissues in the context of pan-cancer. Standard mean difference (SMD) was calculated and the summarized receiver’s operating characteristics (SROC) curves were plotted for integrated tissue microarrays, exterior high-throughput microarrays and RNA sequencing data as further verification. The effect of PLK1 expression on the overall survival, disease-free survival and event-free survival of cervical cancer patients was analyzed through Kaplan Meier survival curves for cervical cancer patients from RNA-seq and GSE44001 datasets. The gene mutation and alteration status of PLK1 in cervical cancer was inspected in COSMIC and cBioPortal databases. Functional enrichment analysis was performed for genes correlated with PLK1 from aggregated RNA-seq and microarrays.

Results

A total of 963 cervical cancer samples and 178 non-cancer samples were collected from in-house tissue microarrays and exterior microarrays and RNA-seq datasets. The combined expression analysis supported overexpression of PLK1 in CESC, cervical adenocarcinoma and all types of cervical cancer (SMD = 1.59, 95%CI [0.56–2.63]; SMD = 2.99, 95%CI [0.75–5.24]; SMD = 1.57, 95% CI [0.85–2.29]) and the significant power of PLK1 expression in distinguishing CESC or all types of cervical cancer samples from non-cancer samples (AUC = 0.94, AUC = 0.92). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the event-free survival rate of cervical cancer patients with higher expression of PLK1 was shorter than that of patients with lower PLK1 (HR = 2.020, P = 0.0197). Genetic alteration of PLK1 including missense mutation and mRNA low occurred in 6% of cervical cancer samples profiled in mRNA expression. Genes positively or negatively correlated with PLK1 were mainly assembled in pathways such as DNA replication, cell cycle, mismatch repair, Ras signaling pathway, melanoma, EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance and homologous recombination (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Here, we provided sufficient evidence of PLK1 overexpression in cervical cancer. The overexpression of PLK1 in cervical cancer and the contributory effect of it on clinical progression indicated the hopeful prospect of PLK1 as a biomarker for cervical cancer.
O PASSEIO: A LITERATURA COMO POTÊNCIA PARA A EXPERIÊNCIA ESTÉTICA
Authors: Peruzzo Leomar , Carvalho Carla
Published: December 2020

Este artigo objetiva discutir os conceitos em torno da experiência estética e as potências de um livro literário destinado ao público infantil de autor local. O suporte para a discussão teórica está em Duarte Jr. (1981, 2001, 2012), Larrosa (2016), Carvalho (2012), Neitzel e Bridon (2012), Carvalho (2008), Deleuze e Guattari (1992). Adota-se como foco de investigação a experiência estética provocada pela literatura e suas reverberações mediante a leitura fruitiva no olhar de quatro sujeitos de idades diferenciadas, presentes no cotidiano dos pesquisadores. As questões apontadas pelas experiências mostraram que a potência artística da sequência de imagens e textos metafóricos são os principais elementos provocadores da experiência estética.
The Strategy of Sindangkerta Marine Tourism Objects Development, in Tasikmalaya, West Java
Authors: Nurhayati Atikah , Nuraini Fitri , Handaka Asep Agus , Gumilar Iwang
Published: December 2020

This research was held in Sindangkerta Village and Sindangkerta Marine Wildlife Reserve, Sindangkerta Village, Cipatujah District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province. The implementation started in October 2019 until June 2020. The research aims to analyze the  social and economic aspects of Sindangkerta Marine Tourism Object for the local neighborhood and to analyze the development strategy of the Sindangkerta marine conservation area. The research employed case study method in  Sindangkerta Marine Wildlife Reserve by collecting primary and secondary data. Furthermore, the collected data processed with puposive sampling method via Microsoft Office Excel with SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis. The research resulted the villagers hasn’t been implemented the current system, according to the entire villagers they hope that the Sindangkerta Marine Wildlife Reserve Area potential can be further developed in order to provide more benefits for them. The best strategy for Sindangkerta Marine Wildlife Reserve development using SWOT Analysis in Quadrant I, by applying SO or an aggressive growth strategy with a coordinate point of 0.02; 1.10 means utilizing the strength to exploit the existed opportunities.
A Study on the Fourth Fundamental Form of the Factorable Hypersurface
Authors: Güler Erhan
Published: December 2020

We study the fourth fundamental form of the factorable hypersurface in the four dimensional Euclidean space . We obtain I, II, III, and IV fundamental forms of a factorable hypersurface.
Assessment of Salinity Level and Some Nutrients in Different Depths of Soil at Kalapara Upazila of Patuakhali District
Authors: Khanam Sabnaj , Haque Mohammad Asadul , Hoque Md. Fazlul , Islam Md. Tariqul
Published: December 2020

Salinity intrusion is one of the major environmental issues throughout the world. The spatial variability of salt accumulation through the soil profile was studied at Kalapara Upazila, Patuakhali district, Bangladesh. The soil samples were collected from 30 locations covering six villages: Solimpur, Umidpur, Diaramkhola, Hazipur, Monoharpur and Puranmohipur of Kalapara Upazila, Patuakhali district. From each spot, soil samples were collected from two soil depths (0-5cm and 5-10 cm).The study was therefore consisted (30 locations and 2 soil depths) 60 soil samples. The soils were strongly acidic having mean pH value of 4.11, and 4.83 in 0-5, and 5-10 cm soil depth, respectively. In 0-5 cm soil depth, the EC1:5 values were 5.80 dS/m. The EC1:5 values were drastically reduced to 1.86dS/m in 5-10 cm soil depth. The available P content in 0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depth was 21.3 and 24.1 ppm indicating the less availability of P in the surface soil. Available sulphur content found in 0-5 cm soil depth was 28.5 meq/100 g soil ppm which reduced by 63% in 5-10 cm soil depth. The Na+ content in surface soil was 23.03 meq/100 g soils where as in subsurface soil it was 16.7 meq/100 g soils that indicated Na affects plants growth in the study area. With the increase of soil depth exchangeable K content was gradually decreased. Based on the electrical conductivity and different nutrients Monoharpur, Puranmohipur, Diaramkhola village were found seriously affected by salinity.
Evaluation of Nutritional and Mineral Content of Dehydrated Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Authors: Akter Mukta , Bithi Nazia , Billah Masum , Mustak Sadat , Rashid Mamun
Published: December 2020

This study was executed to produce dehydrated ginger powder using four different drying methods viz. sun, oven, mechanical and microwave along with their nutritional, mineral content and sensory quality evaluation. Microwave dried powder contained highest moisture content (7.10±0.04%) and was significantly different to other drying methods. Protein, fat, ash and crude fiber contents ranged from (6.10 ± 0.05 to 6.78 ± 0.07%), (1.01 ± 0.16 to 1.42 ± 0.25%), (3.21 ± 0.12 to 4.07 ± 0.10%) and (3.76 ± 0.13 to 4.88 ± 0.12%) respectively. K and Ca contents ranged from (20.45 ± 0.06 to 26.35 ± 0.07 mg/100 g) and (108.64 ± 0.09 to 188.62 ± 0.07 mg/100 g), respectively. Though some values were significantly different (P<0.05) under different drying conditions, the analyzed results showed that the produced ginger powder retained a good nutritional profile, minerals and sensory quality.
Optimization of Value Added Products from under-Utilized Tamarind Kernel Powder
Authors: Sultana B. Farhat , Vijayalakshmi R. , Geetha P. S. , Mini M. L.
Published: December 2020

Aim:  To develop value added products from Tamarind kernel powder (TKP).

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Community Science College and Research Institute, Madurai.

Methodology: The nutritional value of TKP and the potential of TKP as a food additive were investigated. The TKP and commercial additives were experimented under the refrigerated and room temperature for their viscosity properties in order to identify the potential of TKP as a thickening agent. Standardization for the level of incorporation was done in Mango smoothie using TKP as thickening agent in the rate of T1-0.25%, T2-0.50%, T3-0.75%, T4-1.00%.

Results: The performance of TKP as thickening agent was not considerably higher. Its performance was not significantly higher on comparison with commercial thickening agents. Xanthan gum ranked high among all the additives in terms of thickening property. Among the different incorporations of tamarind kernel powder T4 performed best in terms of viscosity.

Conclusions: The results indicate that TKP have poor thickening property. To improve this property the TKP can be subjected to structural modification and isolation of polysaccharide which would yield better results. TKP as a food additive replacing conventional food additives will be a great boom to the food industry. There will be increase in anti-oxidant and phytochemical property of the resultant product.
Effect of Different Types of Soil on the Growth & Productivity of Tomato Solanum lycopersicum var. Rio Grande in Libya
Authors: Shwerif Najia , Elghammudi Abdunnapi , Abosnena Samaher , Alfaid Amna
Published: December 2020

The growth performance of plants varies in different environments and is strongly influenced by various biotic and abiotic factors. This, in turn affects the composition of the active compounds which are the product of metabolism (such as photosynthesis, respiration, etc.).  Soil quality is considered to be important factor that negatively affect plant growth and productivity.  Tomatoes are widely produced and consumed due to their high nutritional value and its important compounds have a role in the prevention of many diseases.  Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effects of three different soil types (clay, sand and compost) on growth and yield parameters of tomato Solanum lycopersicum var.Rio Grande. The experiment was done on the Faculty of Science in Gharyan University (April 2017). The tomatoes were grown in pots; twelve replications were used for each group of soils.  Growth parameters such as number of seedling, plant height, number of leaves and number of fruits were recorded.  The results indicated that soil quality hada highly significant effect (P < 0.001) on growth parameters. Compost was the optimal soil types for growth performance and production of tomatoes, while the growth performance was reduced in clay and sand soil. By contrast, tomatoes that grew in clay soil showed the least growth performance. On the other hand, tomato plants cultivated in clay and sand soil failed in production of flowers and fruits, unlike tomatoes grown in compost. Overall, soil quality and properties have affected tomato growth performance and productivity.
Teachers’ Attributions and Intervention Strategies for Students’ Classroom Misbehaviours: Evidence from Senior High Schools in Komenda Edina Eguafo Abrem Municipality
Authors: Mensah Victoria Aba , Amponsah Mark, Owusu , Dramanu Bakari Yusif
Published: December 2020

The study explored teachers’ attributions in addressing misbehaviour of students in the classroom. To achieve this, a descriptive survey was adopted through the use of quantitative approach. A sample size of 140 teachers was selected for the study using cluster sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to elicit responses from the selected teachers. Inferential statistics and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the research questions. The findings from the study revealed that generally, teachers in the Komenda Edina Eguafo Abirem Municipality attribute students’ disruptive behaviours to blame and intentionality of the students. Again, in the quest for managing these attributed behaviours, supportive measures were identified by the teachers to be very effective. It was recommended that teachers’ beliefs about causality with reference to student misbehaviour be improved by training teachers to embrace controllable as opposed to non-controllable attributions. Teachers who might otherwise embrace unsupportive interventions may be more open to implementing research-based interventions for students who exhibit problem behaviour.
Cryptosporidiosis: A Potential Anti-diarrheal Natural Product Drug Discovery Journey in Ghana, West Africa
Authors: Botchie Senyo K. , Mtewa Andrew G. , Ayi Irene
Published: December 2020

The overwhelming resistance to current drugs and the exhaustion of drug development interventions, as well as synthetic libraries, have compelled researchers to resort to the use of novel drug candidates derived from natural products. Cryptosporidium, the causative organism of Cryptosporidiosis, is no exception. The diarrhea-causing parasite is known to be the leading cause of deaths in children below age 5 in developing countries like Ghana and second to rotavirus as the causative agent for diarrhea in newborn calves and infants.

Currently, the only FDA approved drug for the treatment of Cryptosporidiosis is Nitazoxanide. It is, therefore, needful to develop novel alternative candidates as it could aid in the decrease in child mortality and malnutrition in developing countries. Even though there have been significant limitations into anti-cryptosporidial drug development in vitro and in vivo, essential advancements are being made of which this article addresses the need for research into natural products. Some studies outlined in this paper has stated potential plant extracts showing anti-cryptosporidiosis efficacy. With the wealth of medicinal plant products and Cryptosporidium in vitro culture expertise available in our labs at Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical research we are certain of making potential significant strides in the world of natural product Cryptosporidium drug discovery in Africa.
Potenciais interações entre medicamentos alopáticos e fitoterápicos/ plantas medicinais no Município de Rondonópolis – MT
Authors: Nicácio Raquel Aparecida Rodrigues , Pinto Graziele Ferreira , Silva Fernanda Rocha Anjos da , Santos Débora Aparecida da Silva , Matos Magda De , Goulart Letícia Silveira
Published: December 2020

Introdução: no Brasil, a utilização de fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais é uma prática amplamente difundida, todavia, o consumo destes compostos em associação com medicamentos alopáticos caracteriza um risco à saúde devido potenciais interações medicamentosas e seus efeitos. Objetivo: analisar as potenciais interações envolvendo fitoterápicos e plantas medicinais com medicamentos alopáticos na população de Rondonópolis, MT. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com 370 participantes. Os dados foram coletados em visitas domiciliares com um instrumento estruturado e padronizado. Para identificar as potenciais interações foi utilizada a base de dados Medscape® e literatura nacional e internacional. Resultados: 131 (35, 40%) indivíduos informaram consumir plantas medicinais e ou fitoterápicos concomitante a medicamentos alopáticos. A interação entre fitoterápicos e medicamentos alopáticos mais frequente foi entre Passiflora incarnata e cinarizina, para plantas medicinais foi entre hortelã e sinvastatina. As consequências mais prevalentes decorrente das interações foram intensificação da depressão do Sistema Nervoso Central, aumento da anticoagulação e risco de hipoglicemia. Conclusão: os dados analisados no presente estudo possibilitaram identificar potenciais interações existentes entre medicamentos alopáticos e plantas medicinais/fitoterápicos na população de Rondonópolis-MT e apontam para a necessidade de se estimular o uso racional da fitoterapia no âmbito da saúde pública.
Estudo da razão contraste-ruído em sistema de mamografia computadorizada (CR) para diferentes tensões de pico e combinações alvo/filtro.
Authors: Nogueira Luciana Batista , Silva Brunna Larissa Santana , Silva Flávia Adriana Dos Reis , Vieira Leandro De Abreu
Published: December 2020

Introdução: a mamografia é o exame padrão ouro para o diagnóstico de patologias mamárias, permitindo o rastreamento e o diagnóstico precoce do câncer de mama. Em 2015, foi elaborado pela European Federation of Organizations for Medical Physics (EFOMP) um protocolo internacional para testes de controle de qualidade em equipamentos. Objetivo: o objetivo foi avaliar a qualidade da imagem mamográfica de um sistema de mamografia computadorizada (CR) através do teste de razão contraste ruído (CNR) e CNR relativa, com tensões, combinações alvo/filtro e espessuras diferentes. Metodologia: a metodologia seguiu o protocolo EFOMP, mamógrafo com detector de imagem CR, placas de polimetilmetacrilato (PMMA). Os fatores de exposição foram de: 25, 28 e 32 kV, com seleção do mAs de acordo com espessura das placas de PMMA. As combinações alvo-filtro foram de Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh e W/Rh. Resultados: mostraram que quanto menor a tensão maior a CNR. Assim, as tensões de 25 kV a 28kV apresentaram maior qualidade em nível de contraste da imagem, indicados para mamas de menor densidade. Dessa forma, as espessuras menores das placas de PMMA geraram maior contraste na imagem, apresentado também nos resultados da CNR’s relativas. A combinação de Mo/Mo apresentou maior contraste, sendo indicado para mamas de menores densidades, apresentado também nos resulatdos da CNR’s relativas. Todos os valores de CNR’s relativa medidas mostraram-se dentro dos valores limites esperados. Conclusão: pode-se observar com este estudo que mesmo utilizando tensões e combinações alvo/filtro diferentes, a resposta da CNR foi proporcional a espessura do objeto irradiado para mamografia CR.
Internações hospitalares por uso de substâncias psicoativas no Nordeste Brasileiro em 2018
Authors: Perez Julia Araujo , Rios Lara Marina Silva , Merelles Saulo Leal , Duarte Meirelayne Borges
Published: December 2020

As substâncias psicoativas (SPA) representam uma questão de ordem internacional em decorrência dos efeitos negativos do seu consumo. Este estudo descreve as internações hospitalares por transtornos mentais e comportamentais devido ao uso de SPA na região Nordeste do Brasil em 2018. Método: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, com dados agregados, tipo ecológico. Resultados: As internações totalizaram 11.250 casos, sendo que outras SPA tiveram taxas superiores na maioria das unidades federativas (UF). As maiores taxas são de pacientes de 30 a 39 anos, sexo masculino e considerados pardos. O valor médio das internações foi de R$1.274,83 e a média de permanência é de 25,6 dias. A taxa de mortalidade total foi de 0,77, tendo o álcool como principal responsável na maioria das UF. Conclusão: Os dados evidenciam a relevância da atualização de estudos epidemiológicos voltados para o abuso de SPA. A educação em saúde é fundamental para o enfrentamento do drogadição.
Prevalência de morbidade hospitalar por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em Salvador (BA): dados DATASUS
Authors: Silva Jamile das Virgens , Santos Fábio Rodrigo Santana dos , Araújo Edilene Maria Queiroz
Published: December 2020

Introdução: As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT) são consideradas como um dos maiores problemas globais de saúde pública da atualidade. Entre elas, podem-se destacar o diabetes mellitus (DM), a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) e a obesidade. As DCNT causam agravos à saúde e altas taxas de internação e óbitos, quando observadas isoladamente. Além disso, quando associadas, tendem a elevar o grau de morbidade, causando grandes prejuízos aos cofres públicos. Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de internações e óbitos por DM, HAS e obesidade na população de Salvador. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com base em dados do Departamento de Informação e Informática do SUS (DATASUS), sobre internações e óbitos ocorridos no período de janeiro a novembro de 2019, no município de Salvador (BA). A coleta dos dados eletrônicos foi realizada no mês de janeiro de 2020 e eles foram apresentados em forma de prevalência. Resultado: Das internações registradas em Salvador, 0,63% foram associadas a DM, 0,03% à obesidade e 0,85% a HAS como causa principal. Em relação aos óbitos, 0,80% foram associados a DM e 0,56% a HAS. Não foram registrados óbitos associados à obesidade como causa principal, nesse período. Conclusão: Houve maior prevalência de mulheres e idosos nas internações e óbitos por HAS e DM. O uso dos dados do DATASUS foi de extrema importância para a identificação do perfil de morbidade hospitalar. No entanto, a fim de garantir a consistência e a qualidade dos dados, é necessária uma padronização no modo de coleta.

 
O modelo de dor inflamatória induzida pela carragenina como estratégia para avaliar a ação de drogas sobre a dor miofascial
Authors: Souza Kelvin Borges Rocha de , Casais-e-Silva Luciana Lyra , Aguiar Marcio Cajazeira
Published: December 2020

A dor miofascial orofacial vem sendo tratada com analgésicos, anti-inflamatórios, relaxantes musculares, fisioterapia, laserterapia e placas oclusais. Contudo, muitas vezes, tais condutas falham em amenizar o quadro doloroso, havendo a necessidade de testar outras estratégias de tratamento. Metodologia: Uma opção para avaliação experimental dessas terapias seria o teste de dor induzido pela carragenina, associado ao teste de avaliação do limiar nociceptivo, originalmente desenvolvido para avaliar a ação de drogas nas patas de roedores. Sendo assim, o presente estudo analisou a nocicepção causada pela carragenina em masseteres de ratos, através do teste de Von Frey, correlacionando-a com alterações teciduais produzidas por esta droga. A carragenina foi injetada no músculo masseter de ratos, enquanto o grupo controle recebeu soro fisiológico. O limiar nociceptivo foi mensurado com um analgesímetro digital antes da administração da carragenina e 5 horas, 1, 3 e 7 dias após o seu uso. Decorridos 8 dias da intervenção, os animais foram eutanasiados, sendo seus masseteres encaminhados para processamento histológico e coloração H&E. Resultados: Observou-se uma diminuição do limiar da resposta nociceptiva em todos os períodos no grupo com carragenina, quando comparado com o grupo controle, havendo diferença significante nas 5 horas. A análise histológica do grupo experimental mostrou a presença de espaços perimisial e endomisial alargados e preenchidos por uma matriz com alguns linfócitos, muitos macrófagos e raros mastócitos. Conclusão: Os resultados indicaram que a associação de uma droga inflamatória com o método Von Frey pode ser uma opção para o estudo do efeito de terapias de dor miofascial.
Dynamic Recrystallization and Recovery in Very High‐Power Ultrasonic Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Zhenqiang , Diao Mingxia , Guo Chunhuan , Wang Jiandong , Zhao Chengzhi , Jiang Fengchun
Published: December 2020

Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is a novel solid‐state freeform fabrication process that utilizes ultrasonic energy to merge similar/dissimilar metal tapes. Metallurgical bonding between the metal tapes can be achieved instantaneously once the sonotrode rotates through. Herein, five‐layered Al‐1100 ultrasonically consolidated samples are fabricated under various parameter combinations of ultrasonic amplitude and normal force settings. The microstructure and texture evolution of the built component among layers are characterized using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The results reveal that among the upper layers, recrystallization only occurs at very local interface regions due to the local shear deformation, while the bulk region of each layer still remains the starting microstructure unaffected. However, after this cyclic accumulating process, dynamic recovery (DRV) and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) are observed to take place in the bottom of the built samples. The evolution of microstructures and textures of the bottom layer is a function of input energy, which well explains the effect of ultrasonic energy on the microstructure evolution at the metallurgical bonding regions.
Spectacular Oxygen Evolution Reaction Enhancement through Laser Processing of the Nickel‐Decorated Titania Nanotubes
Authors: Wawrzyniak Jakub , Karczewski Jakub , Coy Emerson , Iatsunskyi Igor , Ryl Jacek , Gazda Maria , Grochowska Katarzyna , Siuzdak Katarzyna
Published: December 2020

The selective, laser‐induced modification of the nickel‐decorated titania nanotubes provides remarkable enhancement toward oxygen evolution reaction. Particularly, the irradiation of the laterally spaced crystalline TiO2 nanotubes, results in the formation of the tight closure over irradiated end, preserving their hollow interior. The shape of the absorbance spectra is modulated along with applied energy, and the new absorption band appears at 500 nm, where the local minimum can be found for bare nanotubes. The high‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectra indicate the presence of both metallic and hydroxide forms of nickel species. The electrode material treated with 355 nm pulses at 50 mJ cm−2 shows significantly improved current densities in the anodic regime, reaching nearly 300 mA cm−2 while exposed to solar radiation, whereas the untreated sample barely comes to 1.5 mA cm−2 in the same conditions. The tailored titania photoanode also exhibits two orders of magnitude higher donor concentration in comparison to the primary substrate as verified by Mott–Schottky analysis. The electrochemical analysis confirms the key role of laser annealing in enhancing the effectiveness of light‐driven water splitting.
Alkanes as Intelligent Surface Thermometers: A Facile Approach to Characterize Short‐Lived Temperature Gradients on the Micrometer Scale
Authors: Eickelmann Stephan , Ronneberger Sebastian , Zhang Junfang , Paris Grigori , Loeffler Felix F.
Published: December 2020

Short‐lived micro‐sized thermal gradients are challenging to measure. Especially, in thin film processes and devices, it is important to know the exact temperature profile to assure process parameters and the stability of sensitive materials. Many theoretical models try to describe the occurring temperatures, but still lack in profound experimental data. Here, a facile approach is presented, which allows to measure confined temperature gradients with millisecond and micrometer precision. By casting a thin alkane film onto a substrate of interest, it is possible to reconstruct local temperature gradients by imaging the phase behavior and morphology of the alkane film with a simple optical microscope setup. Alkanes are inert and their melting and boiling temperatures depend on the chain length. This allows to measure temperatures between 37 and 522 °C on any surface. Furthermore, after thorough characterization of laser‐induced temperature gradients, this approach can be used to measure the phase transition behavior of complex thin film polymer mixtures.