bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PHARMACOGNOSY AND NEW TRENDS OF B. PHARM SYLLABI
Authors: Shandal I. M. Abu-al-futuh , Mohamed Sumia S. , Qarawi Mousa A.
Published: November 2018

Objective: The Pharmacy profession has evolved from its conventional drug focused basis to an advanced patient focused basis over the years. Accordingly, many universities worldwide are modifying their Curricula in order to reflect this change.Methods: This paper investigates and compares the syllabi of B. Pharm for different Universities in Africa and Asia. Pharmacy Syllabi of the included Universities is presented in the form of Sectors, i.e. Pharmaceutical Sciences, Clinical Pharmacy, Biomedical, Training and University Requirements. Percentage analysis of credit hours allotted to courses of each Sector performed with special emphasis on courses of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Science in comparison to courses of Clinical Pharmacy.There is a substantial decrease in teaching hours of Pharmaceutical Sciences, particularly Pharmacognosy within the B. Pharm Curricula of some of the included Universities at the expense of including more courses in Clinical Pharmacy.Results: Pharmacists are scientists as well as clinicians, and basic science knowledge such as pharmaceutical sciences, give pharmacy graduates critical scientific foundations, in this regard, the reduction in pharmaceutical sciences content in a pharmacy curriculum may compromise the competence of pharmacy graduates, as the drug experts from the basic science level to the clinical level.Conclusion: The impact of reducing pharmaceutical science content, may compromise the Pharmacist ability to assume certain duties in the countries included in the study. This in consideration that Clinical Pharmacy is not widely practiced in the investigated countries and its application is limited compared to other job opportunities available for Pharmacy graduates of these countries such as Community Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Industries, marketing and sales and utilization of natural resources of medicinal plants by research and development units.Recommendations on how to avoid such decrease in teaching hours of Pharmaceutical Courses and fulfil the job requirements in the above countries are given.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF DASATINIB LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES
Authors: Begum M. Yasmin , Gudipati Prathyusha Reddy
Published: December 2018

Objective: The aim of present work was to formulate and evaluate Dasatinib (DST) loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as a potential anticancer drug delivery system by enhancing its solubility.Methods: SLNs consist of a solid lipid matrix where the drug was incorporated. Surfactants of GRAS grade were used to avoid aggregation and to stabilize the SLNs. DST-SLNs formulations of varying concentrations were prepared by high speed homogenization technique and evaluated for drug excipients compatibility study, poly-dispersity index, particle size analysis, surface morphology, zeta potential and drug release features.Results: It was observed that DST-SLNs with optimum quantities of poloxomer: lecithin ratio showed 88.06% drug release in 6h with good entrapment efficiency of 76.9±0.84 %. Particle size, Poly dispersity index, zeta potential and drug entrapment efficiency for the optimized formulation was found to be optimum. Stability studies revealed that the entrapment efficiency of the SLN dispersion stored in 4 °C was stable.Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that formulations of DST loaded SLNs are suitable carriers for improving the solubility and dissolution related problems.
SUB-ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY PROFILING OF THE METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF CLINACANTHUS NUTANS IN MALE AND FEMALE ICR MICE
Authors: Abdulwahid Samiaa Jamil , Goh Meng Yong , Ebrahimi Mahdi , Mohtarrudin Norhafizah , Hashim Zailina Binti
Published: December 2018

Objective: This study aims to investigate the sub-acute oral toxicity of a methanolic leaf extract of Clinacanthus nutans (MECN) in male and female mice.Methods: The study used three groups of male and female mice, the crude MECN was dissolved in distilled water and administered orally in single doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg body weight for 28 d by gavage, at a dosing volume of 10 ml/kg body weight, while the control group received only the distilled water. Mice were weighed weekly for the duration of the study period. After the treatment period, the blood samples were collected and examined for hematology changes, total red blood cell (RBC) and total white blood cell (WBC), packed cell volume (PCV) and plasma protein concentration. The serum was analyzed for liver and kidney function test. The degree of injury of the liver and kidney tissue was histopathologically assessed and scored under the light microscopy. one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Turkey’s test was used to analyze the difference (p<0.05) of means across treatment groups.Results: There were no significant (p>0.05) changes in the body weight, hematological, biochemical and histology signs of toxicity for both male and female mice, except for the sodium level which was decreased in the mice treated with 2000 mg/kg of MECN (137±5.06) as compared to the 1000 (151±1.91) mg/kg as well as the control males (152±3.74) [F=4.87, p=0.03].Conclusion: This study showed that MECN at dosages up to 2000 mg/kg is safe to be used in mice regardless of their sex. Overall, this study suggests the potential utility of MECN in the development of herbal drug formulations in vivo.
APLIKASI PENGOLAHAN DATA GURU MDTA/TPSA SERTA GHARIM DAN IMAM MESJID SECARA ONLINE UNTUK DANA BANTUAN TAHUNAN
Authors: Handayani Reti
Published: December 2018

Dana bantuan tahunan untuk para guru MDTA/TPSA serta gharim dan imam mesjid merupakan program tahunan yang dianggarkan dalam Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) pemerintah daerah. Dana ini bisa diperoleh dengan ketentuan masa tugas masing-masing lebih dari satu tahun dan tidak boleh rangkap jabatan yang dibuktikan dengan surat keterangan aktif dari walinagari setempat, kenyataan nya selama ini untuk perekapan data guru MDTA/TPSA serta Gharim dan Imam masjid masih membutuhkan proses waktu yang lama dan pemberian bantuan tersebut ada yang rangkap jabatan dengan kurang pemeriksaan terhadap data yang telah dikumpulkan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut, perlu dibangun sebuah aplikasi pengolahan data guru MDTA/TPSA, gharim dan iman mesjid secara online, dengan metode metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan (Research and Development/R&D yang nanti nya terintegrasi mulai dari calon penerima bantuan dana tahunan sendiri, pihak kecamatan, sampai ke Bagian Kesra. Agar data-data guru MDTA/TPSA dan Gharim, Imam  Mesjid terorganisir dengan baik dan dapat menampung semua data guru MDTA/TPSA dan Gharim, Imam mesjid. Sehingga data yang telah diinputkan tersebut valid dan tidak terjadi redudancy data, agar pemberian bantuan tepat sasaran, dan mudah dalam perekapan dan pembuatan laporan sebagai bentuk pertanggungjawaban dana bantuan tahunan.
Hallmarking quantum states: unified framework for coherence and correlations
Authors: Giorgi Gian Luca , Zambrini Roberta
Published: December 2018

Quantum coherence and distributed correlations among subparties are often considered as separate, although operationally linked to each other, properties of a quantum state. Here, we propose a measure able to quantify the contributions derived by both the tensor structure of the multipartite Hilbert space and the presence of coherence inside each of the subparties. Our results hold for any number of partitions of the Hilbert space. Within this unified framework, global coherence of the state is identified as the ingredient responsible for the presence of distributed quantum correlations, while local coherence also contributes to the quantumness of the state. A new quantifier, the "hookup", is introduced within such a framework. We also provide a simple physical interpretation, in terms of coherence, of the difference between total correlations and the sum of classical and quantum correlations obtained using relative-entropy-based quantifiers.
SISTEM AKUNTANSI PENERIMAAN KAS PADA KJKS BMT MANDIRI SEJAHTERA KARANGCANGKRING GRESIK JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Fathoni Ali
Published: December 2018

Kas merupakan aktiva perusahaan yang sangat mudah untuk membiayai kegiatan suatu perusahaan selain itu kas merupakan salah satu unsur modal kerja yang paling tinggi tingkat likuiditasnya. Semakin besar jumlah kas yang dimiliki oleh suatu perusahaan akan semakin tinggi pula tingkat likuiditasnya untuk itu perlu adanya pengelolaan yang efisien dan efektif . Sistem akuntansi penerimaan kas adalah suatu sistem yang dibuat untuk menangani transaksi penerimaan kas baik dari penjualan tunai maupun piutang yang siap digunakan untuk kegiatan umum perusahaan. Permasalahan yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah sistem akuntansi penerimaan kas pada KJKS BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Karangcangkring Gresik Jawa Timur sesuai dengan sistem akuntansi Perkoperasian Indonesia dan bagaimanakah sistem pengendalian intern penerimaan kas pada KJKS BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Karangcangkring Gresik Jawa Timur? Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui sistem penerimaan kas pada KJKS BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Karangcangkring Gresik Jawa Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa sistem dan pola KJKS BMT dalam menjalankan dan melayani usaha perbankan (Simpan Pinjam) dilakukan dengan sistem dan pola Syari'ah. Secara keseluruhan pada pengendalian terhadap penerimaan kas di tempat tersebut sudah berjalan dengan baik, dengan didorong adanya fungsi Bagian Administrasi,  Kasir,  Akuntansi, Penagihan dan fungsi Pemeriksaan Intern, serta dokumen yang digunakan adalah Buku Tabungan, Kartu Angsuran, dan Kartu Pinjaman. Catatan akuntansi yang digunakan Bukti Kas Keluar, Bukti Kas Masuk, Buku Kas Kasir, Buku Rekapitulasi Harian, Buku Besar, Neraca. Pengendalian intern dalam sistem penerimaan kas dari simpanan pada KJKS BMT Mandiri Sejahtera Karangcangkring adalah organisasi, sistem otoritas, prosedur pencatatan dan praktik yang sehat.
PENARI DAN PEMAHAMANNYA TERHADAP PESAN DAKWAH DALAM SYAâ€™IR TARI RATEEB MEUSEUKAT
Authors: Ariyani Dellya , Chairawati Fajri
Published: December 2018

Penelitian ini memfokuskan kajian tentang â€Penari dan pemahamannya terhadap pesan dakwah dalam syaâ€™ir tari Rateeb Meuseukatâ€™â€™. Adapun yang menjadi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah apa saja pesan-pesan dakwah yang terkandung dalam syaâ€™ir tari Rateeb Meuseukat? dan bagaimana perspektif penari terhadap pesan dakwah yang terdapat dalam syaâ€™ir tari Rateeb Meuseukat? Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pesan-pesan dakwah yang terkandung dalam syaâ€™ir tari Rateeb Meuseukat dan juga untuk mengetahui pemahaman penari dalam memahami pesan dakwah yang terdapat dalam syair tari Rateeb Meuseukat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Data yang diperoleh berasal dari hasil wawancara dan dokumentasi, khususnya dengan penari Rateeb Meuseukat di Sanggar Seni Seulaweuet. Data yang telah terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kemudian dideskripsikan. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa pesan dakwah yang terkandung dalam syaâ€™ir tarian Rateeb Meuseukat berupa ajakan kepada umat manusia agar selalu ingat kepada kematian dan juga selalu beribadah kepada Allah SWT. Syaâ€™ir tarian Rateeb Meuseukat mengandung beberapa nasehat dalam menjalani hidup di dunia ini. Dari perspektif penari, hasil yang ditemukan adalah masih banyaknya penari yang belum mengetahui dan memahami keseluruhan isi dari pesan dakwah yang terdapat dalam syaâ€™ir tari Rateeb Meuseukat karena susahnya memahami bahasa Aceh yang digunakan dalam lirik syaâ€™ir tarian ini. Penari juga belum mampu menyampaikan pesan dakwah yang terdapat dalam syaâ€™ir tari Rateeb Meuseukat kepada penonton dikarenakan lebih fokus kepada gerakan sehingga belum mampu menghayati pesan dakwah yang terkandung dalam syaâ€™ir tari Rateeb Meuseukat.
KONSEP DAKWAH TUAN GURU NIK ABDUL AZIZ NIK MAT DALAM PEMBINAAN KEISLAMAN RAKYAT NEGERI KELANTAN
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Izdihar
Published: December 2018

Penulisan artikel ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pendekatan yang dipilih Tuan Guru Nik Aziz dalam memimpin dan mendidik umat sesuai dengan kaedah  Islam. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan konsep dakwah, metode dakwah, serta kontribusi Tuan Guru Nik Abdul Aziz Nik Mat dalam pembinaan ke-Islaman rakyat Negeri Kelantan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang bertumpu pada konsep dakwah Tuan Guru Nik Aziz. Lokasi penelitian ini berlangsung di Negeri Kelantan tepatnya di sekitar Pulau Melaka dan sekitar kawasan Kota Bharu. Teknik pengumpulan datanya menggunakan studi literatur dan wawancara. Data yang terkumpul kemudian di olah dengan metode content analisis, khususnya data-data yang terkait dengan literatur. Sedangkan dalam penjabarannya dilakukan dengan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, bahwa konsep pembinaan ke-Islaman yang dilakukan oleh Tuan Guru Nik Abdul Aziz telah memberikan dampak yang sangat besar bagi kehidupan rakyat Negeri Kelantan, baik pada bidang agama, sosial, ekonomi, pendidikan dan politik. Ia dikenal sebagai seorang ulama yang berperan besar dalam mencetuskan aspirasi baru dan menggerakkan perjuangan dalam mengembangkan kejayaan Islam. Ia juga seorang insan yang multitalenta, karena selain pendakwah dan ulama, Tuan Guru juga di kenal sebagai tokoh politik, dan pemimpin umat Islam. Pada bidang dakwah,  Ia membina rakyat negeri Kelantan dengan pendidikan agama.
Eksistensi Hak Ex Officio Hakim dalam Perkara Cerai Talak
Authors: Ibrahim AR Ibrahim AR , Nasrullah Nasrullah
Published: November 2018

Dalam proses pemeriksaan perkara terlebih dalam memberikan putusan, seorang hakim tidak boleh memberikan putusan lebih dari yang dituntut sebagaimana dinyatakan dalam Pasal 178 ayat (3) HIR. Namun seorang hakim mempunyai hak ex officio, yaitu hak yang dimiliki hakim karena jabatannya dengan tujuan untuk melindungi hak-hak mantan istri ketika terjadi cerai talak. Sehingga dari sinilah muncul problem bagaimana penggunaan hak ex officio dan halangan bagi hakim dalam menggunakan hak ex officio serta perspektif dalam hukum Islam terhadap penggunaan hak ex officio hakim dalam perkara cerai talak sebagai perlindungan hak-hak mantan istri yang diceraikan. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian lapangan (field research) dan dipadukan dengan penelitian pustaka (library research) dengan pendekatan normatif empiris. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara yang digunakan sebagai data primer dan dokumentasi yang digunakan sebagai data sekunder, serta menggunakan metode deskriptif analisis untuk menganalisis data dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hakim menggunakan hak ex officio pada saat dimana pihak Termohon tidak mengajukan gugat rekonvensi dalam persidangan mengenai hak-haknya pasca perceraian. Namun, hak ex officio tersebut tidak dapat digunakan hakim apabila istri merelakan untuk tidak diberikannya hak-hak tersebut, istri dalam keadaan qabla ad-dukhul, istri dinyatakan nusyuz oleh hakim, dan suami tidak mempunyai kemampuan secara ekonomi untuk dibebani kewajiban tersebut. Selanjutnya hak ex officio yang diterapkan hakim Pengadilan Agama/Mahkamah Syarâ€™iyah didasarkan pada konsep keadilan dan kemaslahatan, karena tujuan disyariâ€™atkannya ajaran Islam ialah untuk kemaslahatn manusia itu sendiri.
Las autodefensas en Michoacán, México: ¿rescate de la ciudadanía ante la violencia?
Authors: Nateras González Martha Elisa
Published: December 2018

En la actualidad los sistemas democráticos viven una crisis de representatividad y de confianza, provocando que penetren con fuerza movimientos sociales con un repertorio simbólico lleno de experiencia crítica, que buscan canalizar su descontento social ante un Estado que no les garantiza seguridad. Por ello, la aparición de varios grupos de autodefensa en el estado de Michoacán, a principios de 2013, provocó distintas reacciones en algunos medios de comunicación, los cuales dividieron su juicio respecto a la legitimidad de estos grupos, el tipo de armas que utilizaban y su forma de operar. Por tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar los grupos de autodefensa como un ejercicio de ciudadanía activa y de acción colectiva, al margen de los canales convencionales de participación. El principal hallazgo de este ejercicio analítico-descriptivo es que la participación de la sociedad fuera del control estatal no tiene cabida, aun cuando se presuma que México es un Estado democrático.
La cirugía estética como relación de consumo
Authors: Sayas Contreras Rafaela Ester , Mercado Verbel Juan Sebastián
Published: December 2018

La sociedad capitalista determina la creación de necesidades expresadas en el acceso a nuevos bienes y servicios que distan del consumo de subsistencia, lo que promueve la compra de productos simbólicos que proporcionan experiencias que despliegan satisfactores distintos al consumo racional. La proliferación de la cirugía plástica merece un análisis especial, pues en el año 2016, Colombia fue el tercer país latinoamericano –solo precedido por Brasil y México, respectivamente– donde más se realizaron procedimientos estéticos quirúrgicos, al punto de promoverse como un destino para el “turismo de bisturí” de forma institucional.
Este artículo pretende caracterizar a la cirugía estética como producto de consumo, en el marco de una interpretación conforme al principio pro consumidor, con las consecuencias jurídicas de tal postura. Para ello, se analizará la relación jurídica surgida entre el cirujano estético y su paciente, para luego verificar si esta se enmarca dentro del estatuto del consumidor, y por último se identificarán las consecuencias prácticas de incluir las obligaciones de este contrato dentro del derecho del consumidor, y así dilucidar la responsabilidad médica en virtud de daños causados a un paciente por este tipo de procedimientos.
ESTACIONALIDAD DEL GASTO EN SALUD EN COLOMBIA, 2011-2015
Authors: Espinosa Acuña Óscar Andrés Espinosa Acuña , Pinzón Fonseca Daniel Andrés
Published: December 2018

En este artículo se evalúa si existe estacionalidad en el gasto agregado en salud en Colombia entre los años 2011 y 2015. Para ello, se construye el gasto en salud desde las cuentas financieras de las empresas prestadoras de los servicios de salud en los regímenes contributivo y subsidiado, con periodicidad trimestral. Luego se aplican diferentes técnicas de análisis estadístico para determinar si existe estacionalidad: i) Método gráfico y tasas de crecimiento, ii) Correlogramas; iii) Contraste no paramétrico de Kendall, iv) Análisis de regresión múltiple con inclusión de dummies estacionales, y v) Ajuste de procesos autorregresivos integrados de media móvil estacional. Los resultados evidencian la existencia de estacionalidad estadísticamente significativa solo para gasto en salud realizado por las empresas prestadoras del régimen subsidi­ado, en especial en el cuarto trimestre (octubre-diciembre) de cada año.
EVOLUCIÓN DE LAS COOPERATIVAS DE AHORRO Y CRÉDITO EN ECUADOR, 2000-2015
Authors: Ortega-Pereira Jaime , Borja-Borja Fernando , Aguilar-Rodríguez Iliana , Montalván-Burbano Robert
Published: December 2018

Este artículo evalúa la evolución de las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito controladas por la Superintendencia de Economía Popular y Solidaria de Ecuador en el período 2000–2015.
En la metodología se calculó un índice basado en los factores clave del negocio (cartera, captaciones y resultados) ajustados por inflación (año base 2007), cuyos resultados fueron aplicados a la teoría Fisher y comparados con la variación porcentual del Producto Interno Bruto. Del análisis se concluye que las Cooperativas de Ahorro y Crédito que forman parte del Sistema Financiero Popular y Solidario crecieron en términos reales el 18,18% lo que las convierte en las Instituciones Financieras de mejor desempeño en el Sistema Financiero Nacional.
Effectiveness of Vaccination against Pneumococcal Infection in Uzbekistan: a Preliminary Assessmant and Prognosis
Authors: Daminov T. A. , Tuychiev L. N. , Tadjieva N. U. , Otamuratova N. Kh.
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to questions of vaccination against pneumococcal infection in Uzbekistan. Since November 2015, the vaccination against pneumococcal infection with conjugated pneumococcal vaccines of children 1 year of age at the age of 2, 3, 12 months was introduced to the National Schedule of Immunization program of Uzbekistan. The article presents preliminary results of vaccination effectiveness to reduce hospitalizations of patients with pneumococcal diseases.
The EU’s Humanitarian Policy in Africa and Migration Crisis
Authors: Kukartseva M. A.
Published: December 2018

The article considers the essence and peculiarities of realizing of human security in the EU external policy in general and specifically in Africa. The article reveals the principles of the EU interest in Africa as a focus of their humanitarian policy: phantoms of the collective memory of the political class of Western European countries, huge potential of resources and markets, migration and terrorist threat. It is argued that this policy is considered by the EU as its strategic foreign policy narrative, in the course of which the Union, while ensuring the security of the African continent, primarily realizes its own interests. Specific features of the interpretation of this narrative in official documents of Germany as a key member of the EU are specified. It is revealed that Germany aims to play a major role in shaping European policy towards the African continent, and the specificity of its approach is economic-centric, which distinguishes it from the EU’s general approach to Africa. The key question of the article is how is disinterested Germany’s role, despite its permeation with the spirit of liberal values as a supplier of human security to African countries. It is shown that the discrimination of refugees and migrants in migration flows in the EU emphasized the importance of the Union’s activities in ensuring human security in Africa. In accordance with its goal to become the leading actor of the EU policy on the continent, its role as a leader of the liberal world and the peculiarities of the consequences of the migration crisis for the political and party system of the country and the stability of the social state, Germany proposed the German “Marshall Plan” for Africa as a concretization of its humanitarian policy on the continent. The parameters of this Plan, its advantages and implementation difficulties are considered. It is concluded that the Germany’s approach to Africa, on the whole, indisputably contributes to the latter’s development. At the same time, it is to a large extent focused on solving the tasks of ensuring national security of Germany itself, promoting the interests of German business, creating new German “reserves” in Africa through the African partnership. In this bi-directional process there is no obvious contradiction, but the results of this process can become ambivalent.
Southeast Asia and Africa – Trade and Investment Relations in the XXIst Century
Authors: Rogozhin A. A.
Published: December 2018

In the twenty-first century African countries have not only taken a significant step forward in their economic development as a whole, but have also strengthened their positions in the world economy. One manifestation of this is the emergence of new foreign economic partners for African countries. African countries have become more interesting, not only for Asian giants – China and India, but also for Southeast Asia countries, which have just recently started their outward expansion. The main purpose of this study is to create an initial, most general panorama of how trade and investment relations between the Southeast Asian and African countries developed in the new century. As regard for trade, we used a quite complete statistical database under the auspices of the Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN). Southeast Asia was represented by all 10 of ASEAN member-countries. The African continent was portrayed by 47 countries. A comprehensive analysis of the statistical data showed that the trade operations of Southeast Asian countries with their African partners were profitable for them: in 2010–2016 they had a permanent surplus on these operations. It was found that in 2010–2016. the main partners of African countries were Thailand (with turnover of 69 billion dollars.). Singapore ($64 billion)) and Malaysia ($48 billion).). Companies from Southeast Asian countries expect to expand on the African continent, taking into account, in particular, the following factors: the need to enlarge and diversify their imports of oil and gas. as well as some types of industrial raw materials that are not available in Southeast Asia; constantly growing opportunities to expand exports of their goods, in order to meet growing consumer demand in African countries; Southeast Asian exporters expect a significant expansion of their exports following the entry into force of the African Continental Free Trade Area) in 2022. As for investment links, we were forced to gather by trifles everything concerned about Southeast Asian investments on African continent. Reliable generalizing statistics on this segment of economic relations either do not exist, or it is not available to research community. As a result of monitoring of investment contacts, it was possible to collect the final material giving a short  overview of this process.
VARIASI NUTRISI DAN NAUNGAN TERHADAP HASIL SELEDRI DENGAN HIDROPONIK RAKIT APUNG
Authors: Yunindanova Mercy Bientri , Darsana Linayanti , Putra Ardianto Pradana
Published: December 2018

Celery (Apium graveolens L) is an important horticultural commodity with a high level of demand. The fulfillment of celery needs can be done by cultivating celery with hydroponic floating system. However, cultivation of celery on a home-scale by using hydroponic floating system is often faced with the issue of shade and nutrient availability. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effect of shade, variation of nutrients and their interaction on the growth and yield of celery. The research was conducted from March to August 2016 at Greenhouse Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sebelas Maret.  Research utilized two factors, namely the types of nutrients and shade levels. The nutrients composition comprised AB Mix, Composition I (NPK PhonskaTM 1g, KCl 1g, and Foliar Fertilizer GrowMoreTM 0.5 g)/L, Compostition II (NPK PhonskaTM 1 g, Foliar Fertilizer GrowMoreTM 1.5 g)/L and Composition III (Foliar Fertilizer GrowmoreTM 2.5g)/L. Shade treatments were 0%, 33%, 58% and 70%. The results showed that shading significantly decreased the growth and yield of celery. Different nutrients significantly influenced the root length but exhibited the same value on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, number of clumps and fresh weight. There was no interaction between nutrients and shade treatments.
Developing Student Worksheet of Temperature and Heat Based on Scientific Process Skill
Authors: Fhadhila Fharia , Ertikanto Candra , Rosidin Undang
Published: December 2018

This research aims to develop a product in the form of Student Worksheet of temperature and heat based on Scientific Process Skills. The study was conducted within five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The results of the research showed that Student Worksheet’s construct validity value of 80.30% and 70.96% of content validity. Student Worksheet has a questionnaire value of easiness of 3, 29, attractiveness of 3.32 and usefulness of 3.19. Student Worksheet effectively increases the average of the students’ learning outcomes both in the cognitive domain of 80.00, affective domain of 81.30% and psychomotor domain of 80.81. Based on the results of the research, it can be said that Student Worksheet achieved the goal of characteristics development i.e., possesses content validity and construct validity in the good category, user feedback questionnaire with the result of very easy to use, highly attractive and helpful, and the effectiveness of increasing the average students’ learning outcomes in the very high category. For future studies, the researchers suggest that the Science Process Skill-based worksheets are not only applied to the temperature and heat material but can be applied to other branches of science
Characterization of Active Carbon Prepared from Coconuts Shells using FTIR, XRD and SEM Techniques
Authors: Bakti Andi Ikhtiar , Gareso Paulus Lobo
Published: December 2018

Activated carbon is produced from coconut shells through physical and chemical activation. With pyrolysis method, the optimum activation temperature for physics activation is 600oC, and for chemical, activation is to soak it in activator ZnCl2 10% and Na2Ca3 10%. Activated carbon was analyzed by Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) methods. The FTIR result showed that the coconut shells succeeds in becoming carbon. The XRD results confirm the existence of several phases of crystals like graphite around the peaks of 36o and 44o, there are two wide diffraction peaks and can be interconnected with carbon and graphite content. The SEM result showed that the carbonization of pyrolysis and activation processes created porosity and a large surface area for absorption
The Development of Virtual Laboratory Learning Media for The Physical Optics Subject
Authors: Billah Arif , Widiyatmoko Arif
Published: December 2018

This study aims to produce virtual laboratory interactive learning media that is effective and practical for the subject of physical optics. It uses the Research and Development (R & D) method. The material in the learning media includes dispersion, diffraction, interference, and polarization. Users of this product can be directly involved in observing, measuring and taking practical data. Product development has been validated by material expert, media expert, and practitioners (teachers). This product has also been tested in one-to-one, small groups, and field trial. Based on the results of the assessment by material expert, media expert, teachers, and field trial, this learning media software is categorized as “excellent” with a value of 4.63 for validity, “medium” with an n-gain value of 0.37 for effectiveness, and “excellent” with a value of 4.49 for practicality
5E-Learning Cycle Strategy: Increasing Conceptual Understanding and Learning Motivation
Authors: Putra Febrianto , Nur Kholifah Ika Yunita , Subali Bambang , Rusilowati Ani
Published: December 2018

5E learning cycle strategy was students center oriented learning model. The learning process becomes more meaningful, which are prioritized authentic experience of students, made students become actively participating, able to critical thinking skills and creatively. The phases of the learning cycle 5E consist of engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration, and evaluation. The purpose of the research was increased learning motivation and conceptual understanding improved by discovery learning due to the 5E learning cycle strategy. The research was conducted at SMA Teuku Umar Semarang. The research has used a qualitative approach. The type of research is classroom action research (CAR). The data analysis technique used a percentage of the learning motivation and the students' understanding concept. The percentage applied discovery learning by both of the first  CAR cycle is 78% and the second CAR cycle is 92%. The conceptual understanding was shown better in the second CAR cycle. The effectiveness discovery learning can be interpreted from the normalized gain. The score of the normalized gain is 0.52. The category of the normalized gain is a medium gain. Students' motivation was increased by both the first cycle is 62%  and the second cycle is 82%.  Based on the decision of the research, it can be concluded that the 5E learning cycle process can influence increased students learning motivation and students understanding the concept not only heat concept but also heat transfer concept
The conceptual dynamics of the right of peoples to self-determination: a historical and conflict analysis
Authors:   Kuban State University, Savva Elena Vladimirovna
Published: November 2018

The research reveals the potential for conflict in the political implementation of the right to self-determination in historical dynamics. The author uses a historical and conflict analysis which is un-derstood as the study on the conflict potential of any phenomenon in the historical development of this phenomenon. Such an analysis can be carried out in various forms, including by identifying and comparing views on the phenomenon in different historical eras. The research clarifies the first period of changes in the principle of the right to self-determination. The author concludes that there has been a high potential for conflict in attempts to im-plement the right under review throughout its exist-ence. At the same time, the concept has significantly changed, and it keeps changing. The main direction of changes was to further develop the notion of the right to self-determination. However, it has not be-come a universal right to date.
Síndrome de embolia grasa con predominio de síntomas neurológicos
Authors: Picón-Jaimes Yelson Alejandro , Orozco-Chinome Javier Esteban , Salazar-Chica Leidy Carolina
Published: November 2018

Introducción. La embolia grasa es la obstrucción de los vasos sanguíneos de pequeño calibre por lípidos producidos durante la degradación tisular. Se presenta en individuos con fracturas de huesos largos, y es asintomático en más del 90 % de los casos. El síndrome de embolia grasa corresponde a un proceso grave poco frecuente en la práctica clínica, caracterizado por la aparición de petequias, dificultad respiratoria y alteraciones neurológicas.

Reporte de caso. Se trata de una mujer adulta joven con trauma cerrado de tórax y fracturas múltiples de huesos largos de las extremidades superiores e inferiores por politraumatismo de alta energía, que fue sometida a reducción bajo anestesia de las fracturas. A las 48 horas, comenzó a presentar dificultad respiratoria, exantema petequial de predominio en la pared anterior del tórax y deterioro neurológico con convulsiones tónico-clónicas focales y bilaterales, que cedieron con un medicamento anticonvulsivo intravenoso. Se le diagnosticó síndrome de embolia grasa debido al antecedente de trauma y a las lesiones evidenciadas en la resonancia magnética. Se le brindó soporte respiratorio y terapia anticoagulante, con lo cual el cuadro clínico mejoró.

Discusión. El tejido graso ingresa a la circulación cuando la presión en el lecho del drenaje venoso es superada por la presión en la médula ósea. Los ácidos grasos libres tóxicos causan edema vasogénico y citotóxico, así como hemorragia por destrucción celular.

Conclusión. Es importante considerar la presencia de esta complicación en pacientes con múltiples fracturas y brindar un tratamiento oportuno con la intención de disminuir las secuelas asociadas con esta condición.
Disinfection of leafy vegetables with activated waters
Authors: Popova Prof. Teodora P. , Petrova Toshka E.
Published: December 2018

The effect of ionized aqueous solutions (anolytes and catholytes) has been tested in lettuce treatment for decontamination and preservation of their freshness for a longer time. Anolytes and catholytes prepared without salt addition, as well as with 0.8% NaCl and with a combination of 0.4% NaCl and 0.4% Na2CO3 were used. Opportunities to potentiate their action were also tested by adding 96% ethanol at a final concentration of 1%. It has been found that the three tested anolytes show the highest antimicrobial activity. This activity was maximal after potentiation by the addition of 96% ethanol at a final concentration of 1%, and after 15 minutes no viable microorganisms were isolated from the leaves of the lettuce examined. The catholyte obtained by activation with NaCl also exhibited high antimicrobial activity. After storage for 2 weeks, the solutions retained to a large extent these properties and especially the anolyte obtained with Na2CO3. The freshness of lettuce was kept for a longest time (10 days) after treatment for 15 minutes with salt-free anolyte, as well as with catholyte without salts. In the anolyte this property is retained after 14 days of storage, but in the catholyte it decreased somewhat after storage. The remaining lettuce, including the untreated controls and these treated with tap water, stayed fresh for 2 days, for the shortest time - the treated with an anolyte with 1% 96% ethanol..
Stochastic Analysis of Two Non-identical Unit Parallel System Incorporating Waiting Time and Preventive Maintenance
Authors: Abu-Youssef Shaaban Ebrahim , Assed Fatima A.
Published: December 2018

The reliability of two non-identical unit’s parallel system with two kinds of failures common cause failure and partial failures is inspected. Moreover, the preventive maintenance and waiting time to repair, a significant aspect of reliability analysis, has also been incorporated. The proposed system is assumed to a function properly if at least one of the unit is in operate mode. The system goes for preventive maintenance at random apaches. Supplementary variable technique and Laplace transform have used for solution. Our results are compared with the previous results to observe the effect of preventive maintenance and failure rates on system performance.
Attitude Fosters Support for Indonesia’s Drug War: A Quantitative Analysis of The University Students of Indonesia
Authors: Tomaro Queenie Pearl Villalon , Mutiarin Dyah , Almarez David N.
Published: December 2018

This quantitative study investigates the direct attributors to the formation of the intention of the Indonesian university students in supporting the War on Drugs of the Widodo administration. The core of this research rest upon the imperative role of public support to the furtherance of the enforcement of contentious policies such as the War on Drugs This study is theoretically anchored from the Theory of Planned Behavior of Icek Ajzen which links Attitude, Subjective norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control to intention - the intention to support the War on Drugs of Jokowi’s administration. In answer to the questions raised by the research, a self-reported questionnaire survey was conducted to 194 students enrolled in selected universities in Indonesia, namely, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Universitas Islamic Institute, and Universities Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. Structural Equation Modelling and regression analysis was employed in evaluating and analyzing the results gathered from the survey. The analysis revealed that among Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceive Behavioral Control, only Attitude has emerged to have a positive impact over the intention of the students to support Indonesia’s Drug War Strategies. Hence, positive attitude towards the drug war is argued to drive intentions of support from the public. Consequently, in programs aimed at increasing public support for Drug War, attitude transformation strategies must be the core focus.
PADI GUNUNG PADA MASYARAKAT DAYAK, SEBUAH BUDAYA BERCOCOK TANAM PENUTUR AUSTRONESIA (MELALUI PENDEKATAN ETNOARKEOLOGI)
Authors: Prajna Yogi Ida Bagus Putu
Published: December 2018

Dayak is one large group of people occupying the island of Borneo which is the speakers. In public life Dayak rice plant is a plant that is very important. An interesting thing is, that there is rice in the Dayak community, especially people whose lives are still in the forest or inland are mountain rice. Not only that religious communities and indigenous arranged such that rice from the process of clearing up the rice consumed. A thing that is so strictly regulated the relationship between humans and rice (plants), and God. The problem that arises is how the sustainability of this traditional rice cultivation in Kalimantan and what caused the traditional culture of rice growing in these fields continues to this day on the Dayak community. This study uses ethnoarchaeology approach. The conclusion is almost all the Dayak people are not familiar with irrigation systems. Cultural sustainability of mountain rice is caused by several factors, namely: the state of geography, the potential for vast land, a culture that has been done for generations, and cost efficiency. Dayak merupakan salah satu kelompok besar masyarakat penghuni Pulau Kalimantan yang merupakan penutur bahasa Austronesia. Dalam kehidupan masyarakat Dayak, tanaman padi sangat dimuliakan dan seluruh masyarakat Dayak yang ada di Pulau Kalimantan. Suatu hal yang menarik yaitu, padi yang ada dalam masyarakat Dayak terutama masyarakat yang masih di dalam hutan atau pedalaman adalah padi gunung atau ladang. Religi masyarakat dan adat mengatur padi sedemikian rupa mulai dari proses membuka lahan hingga padi tersebut dikonsumsi. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah bagaimana keberlanjutan perladangan padi secara tradisional di Pulau Kalimantan dan apa yang menyebabkan budaya tradisonal penanaman padi secara perladangan ini terus berlangsung hingga kini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan etnoarkeologi. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah hampir seluruh masyarakat Dayak tidak mengenal sistem irigasi dalam budaya. Kebersinambungan budaya padi gunung atau padi ladang ini disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, yaitu: keadaan geografi, potensi lahan yang luas, budaya yang telah dilakukan secara turun temurun, dan kepraktisan. Kata kunci: austronesia, padi, pertanian, teknologi, borneo.
SUMBER DAYA ALAM SEBAGAI MEDIA LITERASI DI BALI
Authors: Rema I Nyoman , Rai Putra Ida Bagus
Published: December 2018

Bali has an abundant cultural heritage, one of which is a literary culture of ancient manuscripts, written on media taken from nature, preserved, shaped, to a script. The purpose of this research is to understand the utilization of natural resources as media literacy in Bali. The data of this research were collected through direct observation, interview, and literature study. The result of this research is the utilization of biotic resources such as palm leaves, intaran tree bark, yam gadung, spices of isin rong wayah, coconut base bark, aubergine leaf, and candlenut. In addition to the utilization of biotic resources are also utilized abiotic resources such as clean water, sunlight, salt, wind and soot. Based on the results of the analysis it can be seen that the media literacy in Bali is very dependent on nature, because this function will affect the environmental sustainability, and grow a sense of appreciation, then trying to create harmony to nature. Bali memiliki warisan budaya yang melimpah, salah satunya adalah budaya literasi berupa naskah kuno, ditulis pada media dari alam, diawetkan, dibentuk, hingga menjadi naskah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemanfaatan sumber daya alam daun lontar dan prosesnya sebagai bahan pembuatan media literasi serta proses penulisan literasi di Bali. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung, wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian berupa pemanfaatan sumber daya biotik; daun lontar, kulit pohon intaran, ubi gadung, rempah-rempah yakni isin rong wayah, kulit pangkal pohon kelapa, daun terong, dan kemiri. Selain pemanfaatan sumber daya biotik juga dimanfaatkan sumber daya abiotik; air bersih, sinar matahari, garam, angin dan jelaga. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa media literasi di Bali sangat bergantung kepada alam, karena fungsi ini berdampak kepada kelestarian lingkungan, dan tumbuh rasa menghargai untuk menciptakan keharmonisan terhadap alam. Kata kunci: sumber daya alam, media literasi, bali.
OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN PELABUHAN-PELABUHAN KUNO DI BULELENG DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PARIWISATA
Authors: Astiti Ni Komang Ayu
Published: December 2018

Buleleng waters had been busy since the 10th century and achieved greatness during the Dutch government. The potential of natural resources and strategic geographical location are the main factors. Political developments led to only three ports that play an active role and as a triangle spot of the Dutch government. The purpose of optimizing management is that the ancient port as a cultural heritage also has an important role and existence in the current development and provide benefits both in the preservation of culture, economic community. This research uses descriptive qualitative approach with field observation data and interview technique. The results obtained that in optimizing the management of ancient ports for tourism development, should be accompanied by connections with subsystems and other tourism support facilities. The harbor and the surrounding landscape can serve as a tourist attraction as well as provide access services to increase the motivation of tourists to learn and gain new knowledge and experience. High tourist motivation to visit Buleleng will directly promote the tourism industry, preservation of ancient ports with various supporting facilities and as a means of diplomacy to become the pride of the people of Buleleng. In optimizing the management of ancient ports in tourism development, it is expected that there will be coordination and synchronization with stakeholders related to the preservation of cultural heritage, environment and tourism industry. Perairan Buleleng sudah ramai sejak abad ke-10 dan mencapai kejayaan pada masa pemerintahan Belanda. Potensi sumber daya alam dan letak geografis yang strategis menjadi faktor utama. Perkembangan politik menyebabkan hanya tiga pelabuhan yang berperan aktif dan sebagai triangle spot pemerintah Belanda. Tujuan optimalisasi pengelolaan adalah agar pelabuhan kuno sebagai warisan budaya juga mempunyai eksistensi dan peran penting dalam pembangunan saat ini serta memberikan manfaat dalam pelestarian budaya. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan diskriptif kualitataif dengan teknik pengumpulan data observasi lapangan dan wawancara. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa dalam melakukan optimalisasi pengelolaan pelabuhanpelabuhan kuno untuk pengembangan pariwisata, harus disertai dengan koneksi dengan subsistem dan fasilitas pendukung pariwisata lainnya. Motivasi wisatawan yang tinggi untuk berkunjung ke Buleleng secara langsung akan memajukan industri pariwisata, pelestarian pelabuhan-pelabuhan kuno dengan berbagai fasilitas pendukungnya dan sebagai sarana diplomasi sehingga menjadi kebanggaan masyarakat Buleleng. Dalam optimalisasi pengelolaan pelabuhan-pelabuhan kuno dalam pengembangan pariwisata diharapkan ada koordinasi dan sinkronisasi dengan stakeholder terkait pelestarian warisan budaya, lingkungan dan industri pariwisata.
GLM LVI: TINJAUAN OSTEOARKEOLOGIS ATAS SEBUAH RANGKA DARI GILIMANUK
Authors: Prayudi Ashwin , Adi Suriyanto Rusyad
Published: December 2018

This research discuss human remain GLM LVI from Paleometallic sites called Gilimanuk, which located in Bali. The aims of this study is to find abnormalities, diseases, and culturaland habitual influences to the individual using macroscopical analysis from osteoarchaeological perspective. The results from this research shows this individual was female with age at death between 35-40 years old. She is interesting to be discussed because she shown evidence of kneeling and using her index finger extensively when she was alive. Moreover there were some diseases such as dental calculus, dental caries, periodontal, dental abscess, and cultural influences to her remain which are betel chewing and dental modification. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai rangka manusia individu GLM LVI yang berasal dari situs Paleometalik Gilimanuk di Desa Gilimanuk, Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat penyakit dan pengaruh budaya terhadap rangka, dengan menggunakan metode analisis makroskopis dan pendekatan osteoarkeologis. Individu ini adalah seorang perempuan yang berusia 35 - 40 tahun ketika mati. Karakteristik ekstrimitas bawahnya menunjukkan bahwa individu ini sering melakukan aktivitas berlutut dan secara ekstensif menggunakan jari telunjuk pada masa hidupnya. Analisis patologis menunjukkan adanya beberapa jenis penyakit gigi, antara lain kalkulus, karies, periodontal, dan abses. Selain itu terdapat pengaruh kebudayaan berupa konsumsi pinang dan sirih, dan modifikasi gigi. Kata kunci: Gilimanuk, osteoarkeologi, berlutut, menginang