bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaccination hesitancy: Applying the protection motivation theory on parents’ information behavior
Authors: Alwreikat Asma
Published: June 2024

Objectives

This research study investigates COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among parents in charge of vaccinating their adolescents. The study employs the threat and coping appraisals of the Protection Motivation Theory as a framework to examine parents’ information behavior toward vaccinating their adolescents.

Methods

A quantitative research design using online questionnaires was conducted to collect data from Jordanian parents of adolescents aged 12 to 18 years old. Using convenience sampling, 1000 questionnaires with closed-ended and Likert scale questions were distributed electronically, and only 467 response were retrieved. The study used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze data from 421 responses.

Results

The study found that the information behavior of parents in dealing with perceived vulnerability and response cost of the virus were significant predictors of parents’ vaccination hesitancy. The study has also found that making a vaccination decision based on the available information, response efficacy, and self-efficacy were not significant predictors of vaccination hesitancy. Surprisingly, having information on the perceived severity of the virus was found to increase vaccination hesitancy.

Conclusion

The study provides useful demographic information about the targeted population and suggests that vaccination promotion strategies should focus on providing accurate information about vaccine-related vulnerabilities and lowering response costs. The findings add to the existing literature on vaccination apprehension and can help guide future research and policy decisions.
Marketing & Society in the Classroom: The Scaffolded Controversies Approach
Authors: Watson Forrest , Beninger Stefanie , Stanton Julie
Published: June 2024

In order to prepare students for the macro-level complexities of today's marketplace, educators need to foster deep and consistent critical thinking and problem-solving skills. Beyond a narrow focus on technical competence in their area of interest, this calls for challenging students to dissect and analyze scenarios that have no simple solutions. We propose a pedagogical approach that supports these goals by employing a scaffolded use of controversy statements. Building from discussion, to an active and measured use of debates, and, finally, to collaborative dialogue provides the opportunity for deeper and more inclusive understanding of society's challenges and the potential responses to them. We call this the “three D's of controversies” (D3C) approach, and provide an example of how it can be used in marketing classrooms.
Comparison of lung lesion assessment using free-breathing dynamic contrast-enhanced 1.5-T MRI with a golden-angle radial stack-of-stars VIBE sequence and CT
Authors: Chen Jiliang , Tang Qunfeng , Song Yang , Tao Xinwei , Chen Jingwen , Zhao Jun , Jiang Zhen
Published: June 2024

Background

Few studies have investigated the feasibility of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) using a free-breathing golden-angle radial stack-of-stars volume-interpolated breath-hold examination (FB radial VIBE) sequence in the lung.

Purpose

To investigate whether DCE-MRI using the FB radial VIBE sequence can assess morphological and kinetic parameters in patients with pulmonary lesions, with computed tomography (CT) as the reference.

Material and Methods

In total, 43 patients (30 men; mean age = 64 years) with one lesion each were prospectively enrolled. Morphological and kinetic features on MRI were calculated. The diagnostic performance of morphological MR features was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Kinetic features were compared among subgroups based on histopathological subtype, lesion size, and lymph node metastasis.

Results

The maximum diameter was not significantly different between CT and MRI (3.66 ± 1.62 cm vs. 3.64 ± 1.72 cm; P = 0.663). Spiculation, lobulation, cavitation or bubble-like areas of low attenuation, and lymph node enlargement had an area under the ROC curve (AUC) >0.9, while pleural indentation yielded an AUC of 0.788. The lung cancer group had significantly lower Ktrans, Ve, and initial AUC values than the other cause inflammation group (0.203, 0.158, and 0.589 vs. 0.597, 0.385, and 1.626; P < 0.05) but significantly higher values than the tuberculosis group ( P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Morphology features derived from FB radial VIBE have high correlations with CT, and kinetic analyses show significant differences between benign and malignant lesions. DCE-MRI with FB radial VIBE could serve as a complementary quantification tool to CT for radiation-free assessments of lung lesions.
Customizable Push Rod for Forsus Appliance
Authors: Game Shirish , Jethe Sandeep , Merani Varsha , Dongre Shailesh , Mhaske Arun , Shendage Suyog
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Among fixed orthodontic appliances, Forsus fatigue-resistant device (FRD) is a popular choice for treating Class II malocclusion in permanent dentition due to its patient-friendly design. FRD utilizes nickel titanium coil springs to deliver precise and adjustable forces for clinical applications.

Material and method

A 16 gauge stainless steel wire is used for the fabrication of push rods.

Results

The fabricated push rods work with efficacy in advancing the mandible in forward position.

Conclusion

In cases of push rod size mismatch our innovative design overcomes these limitations, ensuring optimal fit and performance.
Use of simple experiments in the classroom, for teaching of phases and solutions, introduction to phase diagrams
Authors: González Parra J Rafael , Valdez Navarro Raúl , Agredo Díaz Dayi Gilberto , Hernández Gallegos Miguel Angel , Waage Delgadillo Helgi Saúl , Cabrera Marrero José María , Barba Pingarrón Arturo
Published: June 2024

This article brings together various experiences aimed at achieving a better understanding of learning by students through the application of simple and easy experiments, oriented especially to understanding what Phase and Component concepts represent in an alloy system, so that they can approach the topic of Phase Diagrams in their Materials (Science, Engineering, Technology) courses with better background. Thus, experiences are presented that allow, initially, to recognize, solute and solvent concepts, to distinguish an unsaturated , a saturated, and a supersaturated solution. From this, it is sought that, through experimentation, students distinguish systems of total solubility, partial solubility, and insolubility and thus, fully understand what a phase, a phase transformation, and a component in a system means. Finally, a connection of these concepts is made with metallographic techniques as a methodology to distinguish the phases in real systems. These experiences have made it possible to improve student learning and to more easily address the topic of Phase Diagrams.
Early Postoperative Rapid Rehabilitation Yields More Favorable Short-term Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Patellar Realignment Surgery for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Zhang Jiayao , Lai Sike , Li Junqiao , Zhang Chenghao , Yao Lei , Zhang Yuyan , Chen Kunhao , Cai Wufeng , Li Jian , Li Qi
Published: June 2024

Background:

Use of a rapid rehabilitation protocol for postoperative recovery after recurrent patellar dislocation (RPD) has gradually gained attention; nonetheless, evidence of its safety and effectiveness is lacking.

Purpose:

To compare the short-term postoperative outcomes of early rapid rehabilitation with those of conservative rehabilitation in patients with RPD.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 50 patients with RPD who underwent tibial tubercle osteotomy combined with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction were enrolled between January 2018 and February 2019. Postoperatively, the patients were randomly assigned to either the early rapid group (rapid group; n = 25 patients) or the conservative group (control group; n = 25 patients) for rehabilitation training. The rapid group underwent faster progression in weightbearing and range of motion (ROM) training. Knee joint functional scores, ROM, bilateral thigh circumference differences, and imaging data were recorded preoperatively and at 6 weeks and 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively for comparison. Postoperative complications were recorded over the 24-month follow-up period.

Results:

The baseline data did not significantly differ between the 2 groups. Postoperatively, compared with the control group, the rapid group had higher Tegner scores at 6 weeks and 3 months; higher Lysholm scores at 3 and 6 months; higher International Knee Documentation Committee scores at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 12 months; better ROM; and smaller bilateral thigh circumference differences at 24 months ( P < .05 for all). However, no differences were observed in the Tegner, Lysholm, and International Knee Documentation Committee scores at 24 months postoperatively. At the 6-week and subsequent follow-up visits, the Caton and Insall indices were lower in the control group than in the rapid group ( P < .01 for all). Moreover, compared with the control group, the rapid group had a lower incidence of patella baja at 24 months (0% vs 17%) and fewer complications during the whole follow-up period ( P < .01).

Conclusion:

Early rapid postoperative rehabilitation appears to be safe and effective for patients who undergo tibial tubercle osteotomy combined with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction to treat RPD. In the short term, this approach was shown to be more advantageous than conservative rehabilitation in improving functional scores, allowing an earlier return to daily activities, although the lack of difference at 24 months implies no long-term benefits. In addition, it potentially helped to prevent the occurrence of complications, including patella baja.

Registration:

ChiCTR1800014648 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Serum extracellular vesicle-derived miR-21-5p and miR-26a-5p as non-invasive diagnostic potential biomarkers for gastric cancer: A preliminary study
Authors: Wang Jun-Hong , Bai Zhao-zhao , Niu Xing-dong , Zhu Cheng-lou , Liang Tong , Hu Yong-li , Gao Zhen-Hua , Da Ming-Xu
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Gastric cancer is the most common malignancy worldwide and is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths, urgently requiring an early and non-invasive diagnosis. Circulating extracellular vesicles may emerge as promising biomarkers for the rapid diagnosis in a non-invasive manner.

Methods

Using high-throughput small RNA sequencing, we profiled the small RNA population of serum-derived extracellular vesicles from healthy controls and gastric cancer patients. Differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) were randomly selected and validated by reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Receiver operating characteristic curves were employed to assess the predictive value of miRNAs for gastric cancer.

Results

In this study, 193 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, of which 152 were upregulated and 41 were signiﬁcantly downregulated. Among the differently expressed miRNA, the expression levels of miR-21-5p, miR-26a-5p, and miR-27a-3p were significantly elevated in serum-derived extracellular vesicles of gastric cancer patients. The miR-21-5p and miR-27a-3p were closely correlated with the tumor size. Moreover, the expression levels of serum miR-21-5p and miR-26a-5p were signiﬁcantly decreased in gastric cancer patients after surgery.

Conclusions

The present study discovered the potential of serum miR-21-5p and miR-26a-5p as promising candidates for the diagnostic and prognostic markers of gastric cancer.
Pharmacologic Sleep Aids in the Intensive Care Unit: A Systematic Review
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Nguyen Christopher , Kuschner Ware
Published: June 2024

Background: Patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) often experience poor sleep quality. Pharmacologic sleep aids are frequently used as primary or adjunctive therapy to improve sleep, although their benefits in the ICU remain uncertain. This review aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of the objective and subjective effects of medications used for sleep in the ICU, as well as their adverse effects. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were systematically searched from their inception until June 2023 for comparative studies assessing the effects of pharmacologic sleep aids on objective and subjective metrics of sleep. Results: Thirty-four studies with 3498 participants were included. Medications evaluated were melatonin, ramelteon, suvorexant, propofol, and dexmedetomidine. The majority of studies were randomized controlled trials. Melatonin and dexmedetomidine were the best studied agents. Objective sleep metrics included polysomnography (PSG), electroencephalography (EEG), bispectral index, and actigraphy. Subjective outcome measures included patient questionnaires and nursing observations. Evidence for melatonin as a sleep aid in the ICU was mixed but largely not supportive for improving sleep. Evidence for ramelteon, suvorexant, and propofol was too limited to offer definitive recommendations. Both objective and subjective data supported dexmedetomidine as an effective sleep aid in the ICU, with PSG/EEG in 303 ICU patients demonstrating increased sleep duration and efficiency, decreased arousal index, decreased percentage of stage N1 sleep, and increased absolute and percentage of stage N2 sleep. Mild bradycardia and hypotension were reported as side effects of dexmedetomidine, whereas the other medications were reported to be safe. Several ongoing studies have not yet been published, mostly on melatonin and dexmedetomidine. Conclusions: While definitive conclusions cannot be made for most medications, dexmedetomidine improved sleep quantity and quality in the ICU. These benefits need to be balanced with possible hemodynamic side effects.
Description and outcomes of a staff-assisted peritoneal dialysis program in the United States
Authors: Hussein Wael F , Chen Shijie , Bennett Paul N , Atwal Jugjeet , Abra Graham , Weinhandl Eric , Zheng Sijie , Pravoverov Leonid , Schiller Brigitte
Published: June 2024

Background

Staff-assisted peritoneal dialysis (PD) can help overcome barriers to self-care but is not yet available in the United States (US). We developed and implemented a staff-assisted PD program that fits within current regulatory and cost restraints in the US healthcare environment.

Methods

Patient care technicians (PCTs) were trained on PD procedures and troubleshooting common problems. The program expanded from two centers in August 2020 to sixteen by October 2022. We described the logistic elements of program delivery, and patient and treatment outcomes for patients discharged by end of April 2023, with a cohort follow up until October 2023.

Results

A total of 121 patients were referred to the program. The most common indications for referral were physical function limitations, cognitive impairment, and psychosocial challenges. Staff assistance was provided for 73 patients. Mean age was 72 (standard deviation 14) years. A total of 604 visits were delivered, with a median 5 (interquartile range [IQR] 3–10, range: 1–49) visits per patient. Median duration of assistance was 8 (IQR: 2–21, range: 1–84) days. Assistance was most frequently needed for PD treatment setup and for observing and directing the technique. No peritonitis events or exit-site infections were reported. Sixty-eight patients (93%) were discharged on PD without staff assistance. The 6- and 12-month survival of PD without assistance was 71% and 57%, respectively.

Conclusions

Staff-assisted PD for limited time periods is operationally feasible with PCTs in the US and can support transitioning and maintaining patients on PD. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04319185
Negotiating standards in Sino-Mongolian industrial relations
Authors: Zhu Ruiyi
Published: June 2024

Anthropologists have used ‘standards’ to critique Western hegemony through the centre–periphery extractive paradigm or the top–down imposition of developmental agendas. This article suggests an alternative possibility by considering the agency of local actors through their experience and evocation of standards in industrial workplaces. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork at two Chinese-owned extractive enterprises and a public vocational school in the east of Mongolia, I recast standards as a conduit for local practitioners to express genuine aspirations for improvement. Here, standards embody the ideal more than the average or the bottom line. Chinese enterprises in Mongolia are assessed against local perceptions of the global hierarchy of standards, which is not only underpinned by technical competence but also influenced by socioeconomic, moral, and geopolitical considerations. This article presents emic and etic perspectives on Chinese enterprises in Mongolia, contributing three ethnographic case studies to the discussion about the contested ascent of China as a global standards-maker and standards-shaker. It highlights the distinctive geopolitical situation of Mongolia and suggests broader implications for uneven development in the world economy.
From the Roman Empire to the present: Two millennia of pollen-based environmental changes and climate-human interactions in the Po Delta area (NE Italy)
Authors: Cacciari Marco , Amorosi Alessandro , Marchesini Marco , Marvelli Silvia , Rossi Veronica
Published: June 2024

Holocene prodelta lobes are key sedimentary archives of environmental change that can be used effectively for high-resolution palynological investigations, as they: (i) consist almost entirely of mud, (ii) represent stratigraphically expanded successions, and (iii) are strictly related to river dynamics, thus reflecting vegetation changes in river catchments. In this study, we focussed on the ~20 m-thick prodelta succession of the modern Po Delta (NE Italy), fed by two river branches (Volano and Goro) that were mostly active during the past two millennia, a period of rapid acceleration of natural resources’ exploitation and climate variability. Forty-eight samples with mean temporal resolution of 50 years were analysed. Eleven ecological groups and four pollen zones were identified, with distinct peaks of the secondary-primary pollen ratio marking major floods during the Volano-Goro lobe switching and the Little Ice Age. Five vegetation phases were detected since the 1st century AD. In the framework of a patchy natural-cultural landscape, patterns of wetland expansion/contraction reflect the combined effect of cool-wet oscillations (LALIA – Late Antique Little Ice Age), land management (reclamations) and river avulsion. Forest dynamics document warm conditions during the so-called ‘Roman Climate Optimum’ and ‘Medieval Warm Period’, although minor cool-wet episodes occurred in tune with solar minima, and bipartite climate conditions (cool-moist followed by cool-dry) characterized the LALIA. Since the 14th century, despite human-induced forest shrinking, peaks of montane vegetation followed a centennial-scale cyclicity likely influenced by solar minima and major plagues.
Fossil oysters from the southernmost coast of Brazil: Bioerosion and palaeoenvironmental implications
Authors: Anzai Felipe Namy Ussui , Diniz Débora , Spotorno Paula , Dentzien-Dias Paula
Published: June 2024

Fossil oysters are commonly found in Rio Grande do Sul Coastal Plain (RSCP), where the main species are Ostrea cf. puelchana d’Orbigny, 1841 and Crassostrea praia Ihering, 1907. These fossils are transported towards the beach by storm events throughout the year, being available in the swash zone. The objective of this article is to reconstruct the Holocene palaeoenvironment by analysing these fossils. A total of 1898 valves, collected along Cassino and Hermenegildo beach, both in southernmost Brazil, were described. It was observed a prevalence of C. praia at Cassino beach (39.20%) and O. cf. puelchana at Hermenegildo beach (89.02%). Hermenegildo beach sample were statistically greater for C. praia height ( p-value: 0.1736) and length ( p-value: 0.4604) and for O. cf. puelchana height ( p-value: 0.0602) and length ( p-value: 0.07394). The predominance for northern and southern regions for each species indicates a palaeoenvironment setting that favoured these organisms, probably related to temperatures and salinity variation. The most common ichnogenera found in the oysters were Caulostrepsis and Entobia present in both sites, observed in over 40% of internal and external sides of the samples’ shell. According to radiocarbon modelled age, the studied samples coexisted during the Mid-Holocene (8.290–8.130 cal. yr. BP), with the subsequent sea-level rise and fall the shells became bioavailable. The lack of samples with closed valves and high percentage of bioerosion in the inner side of the valve, indicates that the palaeoenvironment in both Cassino and Hermenegildo beaches gradually changed, not as result of an extreme event.
Redefining searching in non-medical sciences systematic reviews: The ascendance of Google Scholar as the primary database
Authors: Winn Jade G. , Hao Tianshi , Hardaway Jace W. , Oh Hans
Published: June 2024

Systematic Reviews (SR) are fundamental in evidence-based medicine, traditionally dominated by the medical field. However, their application in non-medical disciplines especially social sciences is increasing. Compared to traditional databases this study explores the feasibility of using Google Scholar as the primary search index for SRs in social sciences. An empirical comparative analysis was conducted on 16 Non-Medical Sciences Systematic Reviews (NMSSR), seven of which are published; all others are in progress or in submission, comparing article yields from traditional databases and advanced Google Scholar searching. Traditional databases in this study yielded 70,011 after deduplication (136,277 before deduplication) while advanced Google Scholar searches yielded 50,793 articles. All articles included in the final datasets of the 16 SRs (1116) were found in the advanced Google Scholar searches, indicating its comprehensive coverage. This suggests that Google Scholar can potentially serve as the primary database for NMSSRs, offering comprehensive coverage by reducing database discrepancies, and duplicated resources while advancing transparency and reproducibility. Challenges with search precision and download limitations warrant consideration for its optimal use in systematic reviews.
A Review on the Poisonous Plant Cleistanthus collinus
Authors: Priyadharsini Raman P. , Parasuraman Subramani , Puli Sagar , Raveendran Ramasamy
Published: June 2024

Cleistanthus collinus is a toxic plant belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, and all parts of the plant are poisonous. It is used as suicidal, homicidal, cattle and fish poison and for inducing criminal abortion. The leaves and plant parts are consumed in various forms for homicidal and suicidal and it results in symptoms such as chest pain, dyspnea, central nervous system symptoms, and vision disturbances. There is no specific antidote for the C. collinus poisoning. The percentage of mortality with C. collinus poisoning varies from 20% to 50%, and the mortality depends on the amount and mode of consumption of the leaves. The major phytoconstituents of the plant include ellagic acid, diphyllin, collinusin, cleistanthin A, and cleistanthin B. The two major compounds cleistanthin A and cleistanthin B were evaluated for pharmacological activities such as antineoplastic activity, antiviral activity, diuretic activity, neuromuscular blocking property, alpha receptor blocking property, and antioxidant effect. The current review focuses on the toxicological and pharmacological properties of this plant and its phytoconstituents.
Tibiotalocalcaneal ankle arthrodesis with posterior approach arthroscopic-assisted hindfoot nailing
Authors: Ertan Mehmet Batu , Özbek Emre Anıl , Yoğun Yener , Kocaoğlu Hakan , Güngör Erdal , Akmeşe Ramazan
Published: June 2024

Purpose

End-stage ankle arthrosis causes severe pain and limited movement. Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with arthroscopy-assisted hindfoot nailing can be used to achieve a high union rate and low complication rate. We aimed to examine the early- and mid-term results of patients treated with this technique from various perspectives and to evaluate them by comparing them with the current literature.

Methods

Data were collected from 25 patients who met the established criteria and underwent TTCA with arthroscopic-assisted hindfoot nailing. In addition to the demographic data of the patients, their clinical and pain scores were evaluated using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and visual analogue scale (VAS). Additionally, the union time and complication data during the follow-up period were examined.

Results

When the AOFAS and VAS scores of the 25 patients were examined, a significant improvement was observed in the preoperative period and early postoperative period comparisons ( p < .001). No significant change was observed between the comparison of the postoperative 12th month and last postoperative control clinical scores. While the union rate of the patients was observed to be 92%, the average union time was 13.1 ± 3.5 weeks. During follow-up, peri-implant fracture, deep infection, and non-union were observed in one patient each (12%).

Conclusion

The early- and mid-term postoperative results of patients treated with TTCA surgery with posterior approach arthroscopic-assisted hindfoot nailing show that this technique may be an option with low complication and high union rates for the appropriate group of patients planned for ankle arthrodesis.
Socioeconomic Influence on Surgical Management and Outcomes in Patients with Craniosynostosis - A Systematic Review
Authors: Bakovic Melanie , Starsiak Lilliana , Bennett Spencer , McCaffrey Ryan , Mantilla-Rivas Esperanza , Manrique Monica , Rogers Gary F , Oh Albert K
Published: June 2024

Objective

Disparities in insurance and socioeconomic status (SES) may impact surgical management and subsequent postoperative outcomes for patients with craniosynostosis. This systematic review summarizes the evidence on possible differences in surgical care, including procedure type, age at surgery, and differences in surgical outcomes such as complications, length of hospital stay, and child development based on SES.

Design

The databases Scopus, PubMed, and CINAHL were searched between May and July 2022. Following PICO criteria, studies included focused on patients diagnosed with craniosynostosis; corrective surgery for craniosynostosis; comparison of insurance, income, or zip code; and surgical management of postoperative outcomes.

Results

The initial search yielded 724 articles. After three stages of screening, 13 studies were included. Assessed outcomes included: type of procedure (6 articles), age at time of surgery (3 articles), post-operative complications (3 articles), referral delay (2 articles), length of stay (2 articles), hospital costs (2 articles), and child development (1 article). Of the studies with significant results, insurance type was the main SES variable of comparison. While some findings were mixed, these studies indicated that patients with public medical insurance were more likely to experience a delay in referral, undergo an open rather than minimally-invasive procedure, and have more complications, longer hospitalization, and higher medical charges.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that SES may be associated with several differences in the management of patients with craniosynostosis. Further investigation into the impact of SES on the management of patients with craniosynostosis is warranted to identify possible interventions that may improve overall care.
Use of Antibody–Drug Conjugates in the Early Setting of Breast Cancer
Authors: Koukoutzeli Chrysanthi , Trapani Dario , Ascione Liliana , Kotteas Elias , Marra Antonio , Criscitiello Carmen , Curigliano Giuseppe
Published: June 2024

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are anticancer agents with the capacity to selectively deliver their payloads to cancer cells. Antibody–drug conjugates consist of a monoclonal antibody backbone connected by a linker to cytotoxic payloads. Antibody–drug conjugate effect occurs either by directly targeting cancer cells via membrane antigen or through “bystander effect.” Antibody–drug conjugates have demonstrated efficacy against various types of tumors, including breast cancer. Ado-trastuzumab emtansine is presently the only approved ADC for the treatment of breast cancer in the early setting, while several ADCs are now approved for metastatic breast cancer. Due to the transformative impact that several ADCs have reported in the setting of advanced breast cancer, researchers are now testing more of such compounds in the early setting, to portend benefits to patients through highly potent anticancer drugs. Ongoing trials hold the potential to transform treatment protocols for early breast cancer in the near future. These trials are aiming at evaluating different treatment modulation approaches, as informed by breast cancer risk of recurrence, including toward treatment de-escalation. Efforts are provided in ongoing clinical trials to identify the patients who will benefit most, to pursue paradigms of precision medicine with the novel ADCs. This review focuses on the potential role of ADCs in early breast cancer, providing an overview of the latest progress in their development and how they are implemented in ongoing clinical trials.
Expression, Prognostic Value, and Biological Function of CTHRC1 in Different Types of Gliomas: A Bioinformatic Analysis and Experiment Validation
Authors: Shi Xueping , Zeng Xi , Jiao Rukai , Yang Yushi , Du Xiaolin , Qian Jiacai , Liu Jian , Chen Guangtang
Published: June 2024

Background:

In recent years, abnormal expression of collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) has been found in some tumors, closely related to the poor prognosis of cancer patients. However, the clinical significance of CTHRC1 in gliomas is not completely understood.

Methods:

We investigated the expression, prognostic value, and potential biological function of CTHRC1 in different types of gliomas through bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification.

Results:

Bioinformatics analysis revealed several key findings regarding the expression and clinical significance of CTHRC1 in gliomas. First, the analysis demonstrated a positive correlation between CTHRC1 expression and the World Health Organization (WHO) grading of gliomas, a relationship that was validated through immunohistochemistry experiments. In addition, a trend was observed in which CTHRC1 expression increased with the extent of glioma invasion, as supported by Western blot experiments. Subsequent bioinformatics analysis identified the mesenchymal subtype of gliomas as having the highest levels of CTHRC1 expression, a finding reinforced by immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, high CTHRC1 expression was associated with poor prognosis in gliomas and emerged as an independent prognostic factor, with varying impacts on prognosis between low-grade gliomas (LGGs) and glioblastoma (GBM) subgroups. Notably, comparative analysis unveiled distinct patterns of immune infiltration of CTHRC1 in LGG and GBM. Furthermore, alterations in copy number variations and DNA methylation were identified as potential mechanisms underlying elevated CTHRC1 levels in gliomas. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that CTHRC1 and its associated genes mainly function in the extracellular matrix and participate in tumor-related signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

The CTHRC1 has shown significant clinical utility as a prognostic marker and mesenchymal subtype marker of glioma.
Pains of privacy: Mapping carceral practices onto electronic monitoring
Authors: Kirk-Werner Gabriela
Published: June 2024

Scholars and policymakers have long debated whether electronic monitoring programs can be understood as a carceral experience. Recent changes to the technology that utilize 24/7 location monitoring through GPS are changing the nature of electronic monitoring. Given these changes, this article revisits the question of the “pains” of electronic monitoring and its comparison to incarceration. I focus on three practices of electronic monitoring programs: home searches, communication monitoring, and long-term data storage to illustrate the ways in which the loss of autonomy, one of Sykes's original pains of imprisonment, is reproduced and remade. Rather than focusing on the aspects of programs that confine or limit the mobility of individuals, I draw on the tradition in carceral geography to consider how these practices recreate carcerality in new spaces and highlight the ways in which the experience of electronic monitoring is made carceral through the privacy intrusions and infringements to the self.
Long-term holistic ethnography for new digital worlds
Authors: Costa Elisabetta
Published: June 2024

The article contributes to ongoing conversations on digital ethnography as a methodological approach that in the last two decades has gained popularity across a large variety of disciplines and fields. It argues that the principles that lie at the heart of long-term holistic ethnographic fieldwork are of crucial importance for studying new digital worlds, especially communicative practices in private and semi-private digital spaces. It also claims that methodological innovations in the ethnographic study of new digital media are not necessarily beneficial to scientific knowledge production. Finally, the article invites anthropologists to contaminate the interdisciplinary field of digital ethnography with their commitment to long-term holistic fieldwork.
Detecting method of optimal exercise posture using autoencoder: Utilizing surface electromyography and textile stretch sensor
Authors: Lee GyuBin , Kim Jooyong , Kim Ji-seon , Kim SangUn
Published: June 2024

This study aims to validate the optimal posture for the Dumbbell Biceps Curl (DBC) exercise using Textile stretch sensors and Surface Electromyography (sEMG), and then detect inaccurate posture using a Sparse Autoencoder. To validate the optimal DBC exercise posture, we measured the effects of wrist supination and the angle of the upper body and elbow on the biceps and forearm muscles. A wrist sleeve-shaped Textile stretch sensor detects wrist supination, and sEMG measures biceps and forearm muscle activation. The experiment results confirmed that an angle between the upper body and the elbow within 90°, coupled with wrist supination, constitutes the most efficient posture, maximizing the activation of the biceps while minimizing the synergistic effects of the forearm muscles. Subsequently, this posture was learned through a Sparse Autoencoder, and the Root Mean Square Error values of the trained model were lowest in the optimal posture (Biceps: 0.090, Forearm: 0.076). This suggests that Sparse Autoencoder could be useful in identifying inaccurate exercise postures. In summary, this study aims to develop an exercise posture feedback system through the integration of modern exercise physiology and technology, particularly the fusion of AI and sensor technology. The goal is to propose the potential to detect and correct inaccurate or unsafe exercise postures.
Measurement of conductive fabrics electrical resistance by combining of image processing and convolutional neural network methods
Authors: Kim Erin , Kim SangUn , Chun Sehwan , Kim Jooyong
Published: June 2024

This study proposes the use of a CNN model to predict the resistance of conductive fabrics by utilizing the brightness information from their images, aiming to address the limitations of traditional contact-based measurement methods and explore the feasibility of non-contact resistance measurement. Conductive fabrics were produced using environmentally friendly cellulose fiber as a base material, with a dip-coating and padding process involving water-based single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT). After scanning the produced conductive fabrics and meticulously preprocessing the images, a dataset for CNN training was constructed, comprising label values corresponding to the sheet resistance of each image. ANOVA analysis confirmed a statistically significant relationship ( p-value = 8.04145e^-18) between the brightness of conductive fabric images and their sheet resistance. By leveraging the relationship between the brightness of fabric images and sheet resistance, training of the CNN model yielded an RMSE of 0.0558 and an R-squared value of 0.9557, validating the effectiveness of the designed CNN model for image-based resistance prediction. This research is expected to contribute to the development of future real-time monitoring and control systems, providing a crucial foundation for the advancement of data-driven measurement and control systems based on computer vision and machine learning techniques. Furthermore, it is anticipated to unveil new possibilities for various applications of conductive fabrics.
Research on puncture classification method of seed implantation robot based on force/image model
Authors: Yi Liang , Junjie Sun , Buyun Wang , Yongde Zhang , Yong Xu
Published: June 2024

This article focuses on the use of a puncture classification method for prostate cancer seed implantation robots. To address the limitations of seed implantation surgery, different tissues in the human body are punctured and classified to improve the precision and success rate of seed implantation. This paper discusses an information fusion sensing technique that can be used in seed implantation surgery, which senses the real-time state of the puncture needle by fusing force and image modes and dramatically improves puncture accuracy and surgical tolerance. In addition, considering the multiscale feature problem of the image recognition process, this paper improves the YOLOv8 model by adding a global attention mechanism (GAM_Attention) to the backbone of the model, which significantly improves the image recognition success rate. Then, datasets of the puncture force and real-time puncture images were produced through puncture experiments. Preliminary puncture experiments with different models were completed, and the experimental results showed that the classification method improved the classification accuracy. The accuracy of seed implantation is improved by this method, which may provide a new idea for deep learning in seed implantation modality perception.
Ultrasonic wave simulation in shrink-fit assembly for the estimation of stress at the contact interference
Authors: Belmessous Abdelmounaime , Boutoutaou Hamid
Published: June 2024

The investigation of stress distribution in an interference fit contact region is essential information required in fatigue and wear calculations to determine design life, regrinding requirements, and maintenance schedules. The aim of this work was to use ultrasound to non-destructively determine stress in the shrink-fit assembly, with the acoustoelastic theory. This one is based on the dependence of the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave with the stress state in the material. When a material is subjected to stress, there is a variation of the propagation velocity of the ultrasonic wave. Three methods have been initiated to ensure that the results will be more real, the first is the analytical calculation using thick-walled cylinder theory and Lamé formulation, then a numerical modeling of the contact between the assembled parts using finite element analysis and the third one is using elastic wave simulation and acoustoelastic theory in order to determine the value of the stress distribution at the interference region.
Affective learning: The role of affect in understanding representations of sexuality in postfeminist television series
Authors: Bauwel Sofie Van
Published: June 2024

This article is a theoretical exploration of the nuanced connections between the notion of affect and representations of sexuality in postfeminist television series. Drawing on gender studies, media studies and affect theory, it addresses the manifestation of postfeminist ideals in popular media and how it shapes the audience's understanding of gender and sexuality, acknowledging the complex negotiation of sexual identities, and emphasising the role of affective experiences in viewer engagement and interpretation of sexual scripts. Contributing to the ongoing dialogue on feminism, media, and affect theory, the study theoretically examines the affective dimensions of postfeminist learning to enhance comprehension of emotional responses to depictions of sex on contemporary television, using the series Fleabag as an illustrative example.
The operation of ideology in coronavirus vaccine Twitter influencer commentary
Authors: Jokanovic Ivana , Canham Hugo
Published: June 2024

The study sought to provide a greater comprehension of the contending discourses and ideologies of coronavirus vaccine acceptance and reluctance in South Africa as revealed by Twitter influencer commentaries.1 Naturally occurring data generated between February 2021 and February 2022 was collected from Twitter in the form of Tweets authored by South African social media influencers. The paper utilised Fairclough’s model of critical discourse analysis and we found that vaccine hesitant discourses functioned as the foundations of cultural, moral and political ideologies. They constructed a reality in which the coronavirus vaccine was deemed as risky and potentially lethal. Discourses that shed light on the ideologies underpinning coronavirus vaccine acceptance included medical-scientific and familial discourses. This research contributes to scholarship on vaccine discourses in the era of social media and pandemics. The findings may provide opportunities for productive communication and intervention with the occurrence of similar divisive phenomena in digital spaces.
Does Perceived Similarity Between Present and Future Self Predict Well-Being? A Reanalysis and Replication of
Authors: Weidmann Rebekka , Alabdullah Alisar , Warkentien Jenny , Vesikar Siya , Denehy Megan E. , Yang Hyewon , Rakhshani Andrew , Brent Donnellan M. , Lucas Richard E.
Published: June 2024

Reiff and colleagues found that perceived similarity between one’s present and future self is positively associated with life satisfaction 10 years later, using a difference-score approach to operationalize similarity. This study further evaluated the similarity effect by reproducing the original longitudinal association with a difference-score method, by using more sophisticated analyses (i.e., polynomial regression and response surface analyses), and by replicating the association in a newly collected sample. We were able to reproduce and replicate the findings based on a difference-score approach. However, we did not find a similarity effect in either sample using more sophisticated approaches. The current results show that previously reported support for the association between perceived similarity and well-being is driven by the statistical main effects of personality reports.
A text-based conversational agent for asthma support: Mixed-methods feasibility study
Authors: Cook Darren , Peters Dorian , Moradbakhti Laura , Su Ting , Da Re Marco , Schuller Bjorn W. , Quint Jennifer , Wong Ernie , Calvo Rafael A.
Published: June 2024

Objective

Millions of people in the UK have asthma, yet 70% do not access basic care, leading to the largest number of asthma-related deaths in Europe. Chatbots may extend the reach of asthma support and provide a bridge to traditional healthcare. This study evaluates ‘Brisa’, a chatbot designed to improve asthma patients’ self-assessment and self-management.

Methods

We recruited 150 adults with an asthma diagnosis to test our chatbot. Participants were recruited over three waves through social media and a research recruitment platform. Eligible participants had access to ‘Brisa’ via a WhatsApp or website version for 28 days and completed entry and exit questionnaires to evaluate user experience and asthma control. Weekly symptom tracking, user interaction metrics, satisfaction measures, and qualitative feedback were utilised to evaluate the chatbot's usability and potential effectiveness, focusing on changes in asthma control and self-reported behavioural improvements.

Results

74% of participants engaged with ‘Brisa’ at least once. High task completion rates were observed: asthma attack risk assessment (86%), voice recording submission (83%) and asthma control tracking (95.5%). Post use, an 8% improvement in asthma control was reported. User satisfaction surveys indicated positive feedback on helpfulness (80%), privacy (87%), trustworthiness (80%) and functionality (84%) but highlighted a need for improved conversational depth and personalisation.

Conclusions

The study indicates that chatbots are effective for asthma support, demonstrated by the high usage of features like risk assessment and control tracking, as well as a statistically significant improvement in asthma control. However, lower satisfaction in conversational flexibility highlights rising expectations for chatbot fluency, influenced by advanced models like ChatGPT. Future health-focused chatbots must balance conversational capability with accuracy and safety to maintain engagement and effectiveness.
Fitbit's accuracy to measure short bouts of stepping and sedentary behaviour: validation, sensitivity and specificity study
Authors: Delobelle Julie , Lebuf Elien , Dyck Delfien Van , Compernolle Sofie , Janek Michael , Backere Femke De , Vetrovsky Tomas
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study aims to assess the suitability of Fitbit devices for real-time physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) monitoring in the context of just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) and event-based ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies.

Methods

Thirty-seven adults (18–65 years) and 32 older adults (65+) from Belgium and the Czech Republic wore four devices simultaneously for 3 days: two Fitbit models on the wrist, an ActiGraph GT3X+ at the hip and an ActivPAL at the thigh. Accuracy measures included mean (absolute) error and mean (absolute) percentage error. Concurrent validity was assessed using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman analyses. Fitbit's sensitivity and specificity for detecting stepping events across different thresholds and durations were calculated compared to ActiGraph, while ROC curve analyses identified optimal Fitbit thresholds for detecting sedentary events according to ActivPAL.

Results

Fitbits demonstrated validity in measuring steps on a short time scale compared to ActiGraph. Except for stepping above 120 steps/min in older adults, both Fitbit models detected stepping bouts in adults and older adults with sensitivities and specificities exceeding 87% and 97%, respectively. Optimal cut-off values for identifying prolonged sitting bouts achieved sensitivities and specificities greater than 93% and 89%, respectively.

Conclusions

This study provides practical insights into using Fitbit devices in JITAIs and event-based EMA studies among adults and older adults. Fitbits’ reasonable accuracy in detecting short bouts of stepping and SB makes them suitable for triggering JITAI prompts or EMA questionnaires following a PA or SB event of interest.