bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KONSENTRASI PENGENCERAN SALINITAS TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN OSMOREGULASI IKAN CAPUNGAN BANGGAI (Pterapogan kauderni)
Authors: rahman Samsu adi
Published: January 2019

Salah satu aspek yang sangat penting untuk diteliti adalah proses osmoregulasi ikan capungan banggai terhadap media air tawar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan osmoregulasi ikan capungan banggai (P. kauderni) terhadap pengenceran berbeda terhadap media salinitas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei hingga bulan Juli 2016, sebagai hewan uji yaitu ikan capungan banggai dengan ukuran panjang adalah berkisar 3.5-6 cm 3-5 gram yang diperoleh dari hasil tangkapan kawasan terumbu karang sekitar perairan Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan. Parameter yang diamati aitu kemampuan osmoregulasi, kelangsungan hidup dan parameter kualitas air. Data dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (ANOVA) dengan rancangan percobaan sehingga jika terdapat pengaruh yang nyata dari masing-masing perlakuan, maka akan di lanjutkan dengan uji BNT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga perlakuan penurunan salinitas ikan capungan mengalami kerusakan organ ginjal dan insang pada minggu kelima dan mampu melakukan osmoregulasi, yaitu bertahan hidup pada kondisi air 5 ppt.
TRADISI NYAKAN DI LEBUH SEBAGAI MEDIA IMPLEMENTASI PENDIDIKAN TRI KAYA PARISUDHA BAGI MASYARAKAT HINDU DI DESA PAKRAMAN MUNDUK, KECAMATAN BANJAR, KABUPATEN BULELENG
Authors: Jayendra Putu Sabda
Published: January 2019

Tradisi Nyakan di Lebuh di Desa Pakraman Munduk, Kecamatan Banjar, Kabupaten Buleleng berbentuk aktivitas masak-memasak yang dilakukan dengan mengambil tempat di lebuh (pintu masuk pekarangan rumah) masing-masing. Pelaksanaannya dirangkaikan dengan hari raya Nyepi, saat pergantian waktu antara berakhirnya hari Nyepi dengan dimulainya hari Ngembak Geni. Dalam melaksanakan proses memasak masyarakat diwajibkan mempergunakan paon (tungku api) dan saang (kayu bakar) yang merupakan sarana memasak tradisional. Secara hakikat, pelaksanaan Tradisi Nyakan di Lebuh memiliki fungsi untuk mengedukasi masyarakatnya agar senantiasa selaras dengan kaidah-kaidah ajaran agama Hindu, terutama membelajarkan para generasi muda sebagai pewaris tradisi ini. Pembelajaran yang terimplementasi di dalamnya terutama menyangkut ajaran susila (etika Hindu), terutama yang paling fundamental, yakni ajaran Tri Kaya Parisudha.
The Chinese EPOCH Measure of Adolescent Wellbeing: Evidence for Reliability and Validity of the Measure
Authors: Zeng Guang , Kern Margaret L.
Published: January 2019

The past decade has brought growing interest in supporting positive psychological functioning in young people. To support intervention efforts, adequate measures are needed. The EPOCH Measure of Adolescent Wellbeing assesses five positive psychological characteristics (engagement, perseverance, optimism, connectedness, and happiness), with studies finding evidence for reliability and validity in US and Australian samples. An initial study testing the Chinese version of the measure supported the factor structure of the measure, but also suggested that mean values are not directly comparable. The extent to which the measure is reliable and demonstrates evidence of validity with Chinese respondents is needed. Data collected across 11 Chinese student samples (N= 17,854) were used to test the psychometrics of the measure, providing support for the internal and cross-time consistency and content, convergent and divergent validity. The study further supports the EPOCH measure as a useful tool for measuring adolescent positive functioning across cultures.
No country for asylum seekers? How short-term exposure to refugees influences attitudes and voting behavior in Hungary
Authors: Gessler Theresa , Tóth Gergő , Wachs Johannes
Published: January 2019

How does exposure to refugees influence political behavior? We present evidence from Hungary, a country with widespread anti-immigration attitudes, that short term exposure during the 2015 refugee crisis predicts anti-refugee voting and sentiment. We code exposure to refugees at the settlement level using news reports from state media, an independent online news site, and an online social media aggregator. Settlements through which refugees traveled showed significantly higher anti-refugee voting in a national referendum on resettlement in 2016. The effect, estimated between 1.7% and 3.6%, decreases sharply with distance from points of exposure. Using a difference-in-differences model, we find that the far-right opposition party Jobbik gained, while the governing right-wing Fidesz party lost votes in these settlements in subsequent parliamentary elections, suggesting incumbents are punished by voters in these settlements skeptical of immigration regardless of their policy position. Survey data supports this finding of a competition among right-wing parties, as individuals in exposed settlements are more fearful of immigrants and support more restrictive policies, though only if they identify as right-wing partisans.
Risk of publication in worthless journals
Authors: Shrestha Jiban , Subedi Subash , Timsina Krishna P. , Tripathi Mahendra P.
Published: January 2019

Implementing research and publishing results is a crucial for a professional development, scientific communication and collaboration of any academicians, scholars, and researchers in science around the world. The timely dissemination of knowledge and scientific information in the global scientific community helps the development of science and worldwide recognition. The researchers working on scientific community cannot appreciate the value of evidence generated without publishing their work in right and quality journals. Therefore, authors should be careful about predatory or fake journals/publishers for communicating their scientific works. The objective of this study is to raise awareness on predatory or fake publishers/journals and of their dishonest publishing practices. In general, the predatory journal publishes without peer review and true editorial board, often publish mediocre or even worthless papers on charging high publication cost, citing fake and non-existing impact factors and mostly focused on private business motives. On the other hand, publishing in a high impact quality journals undoubtedly enhances the future career prospects, communication ability of authors and deliver concise research messages in the scientific field. Researcher of various disciplines and academic experience should aware with the lists of predatory journals/publishers which are available on Beall’s list in internet before publishing any research articles. Therefore, publishing in predatory/fake journals not only spoil or degrade academic reputations but also waste the time, resources and research message too.
Does program linking with insurance makes agriculture insurance sustainable?
Authors: Timsina Krishna P. , Ghimire Yuga N. , Kandel Ghanshyam , Devkota Deepa
Published: January 2019

Agriculture insurance is most common forms of risk transfer in agriculture. It is often compulsory for borrowers of agricultural loans in low and middle income countries. This study tries to find out the status of compulsory agriculture insurance in Nepal and its sustainability through answering question “are compulsory agriculture insurance programs making agricultural insurance sustainable? Or we have to think differently for its sustainability. Household survey were conducted using pre-tested semi structured questionnaire in eight districts. Altogether 377 insurer farmers (132 crop and 245 livestock farmers) were selected from the list of target population using simple random sampling technique. Similarly, five cases were selected from the study districts. Result shows that Government of Nepal (GoN) has developed both cost of production and value based insurance products based on farmers demand. Basically, premium rate is fixed as five percent to cost of production based and seven percent to value based insurance for most of crops and livestock. Different governments programs such as youth self-employment program, youth focused program, spring rice promotion program and other grant/subsidy programs under different mega projects of GoN have started to link agriculture insurance with their programs. Insurance has been made mandatory to get such any subsidy support from the government for promoting agriculture insurance simultaneously. However, this study found that this strategy did not adequately work. But if they feel the enterprises is risky and realize the importance of agriculture insurance and can get higher returns from the enterprises, they were willing to participate in agriculture insurance. Most of farmers who participated in government grant program have limited understanding of crop insurance so that they have discontinued insurance after the end of grant/subsidy program. Therefore, it is necessary to revisit the existing provision of grant linked insurance and need to focus more on creating awareness on importance of agriculture insurance for its sustainability.
Economics of fish production at Chitwan district, Nepal
Authors: Sharma Tara , Dhakal Shiva Chandra , Kattel Rishi Ram , Gharti Kamal , Lamichhane Jeevan
Published: January 2019

A study was conducted in 2016 to analyze the economics of fish production at Chitwan District of Nepal. Three study sites: East, West and South part of Chitwan were selected purposively. A total of 90 households, 30 from each study site were selected randomly and were interviewed by using pre-tested semi structured questionnaire. Secondary data needed for the study were obtained from DADO, MOAD, NARC and other related organizations working on fisheries and aquaculture sector. Descriptive statistics and extended Cobb Douglas production function was used to accomplish the study objectives for which MS-Excel and SPSS 16 were used. The B/C ratio is obtained dividing the gross return by total variable cost incurred. The total cost of production per ha of the pond area was Rs. 743798 per year with 79 and 21 percent variable and fixed cost components, respectively. Feed cost (28 %) was largest cost item followed by cost for labour (25 %), fingerlings (10 %), maintenance (6 %), manure cum fertilizers (5 %), fuel cum energy (3 %) and limestone and others (2%). The average gross return and net profit realized per ha were Rs. 1223934 and Rs. 480135 respectively. The cost, return and profit were calculated to be highest for east Chitwan with highest B/C ratio followed by west Chitwan and south Chitwan. The B/C ratio for the district was found to be 1.63. The return to scale was found to be decreasing with value of 0.654 indicating that 1 percent increment in all the inputs included in the function will increase income by 0.654 percent. Production function analysis, including five variables, showed significant effect of human labour, fingerlings and fuel cum energy cost but feed and manure cum fertilizers cost were insignificant.
Assessment of soil quality for different land uses in the Chure region of Central Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Pramod , Bhatta Balram , Pokhrel Basudev , Shrestha Ishu
Published: January 2019

Soil quality is the capacity of soil to sustain biological productivity and environmental quality. Assessment of soil quality in different land use systems is essential as inappropriate land use management can degrade and deteriorate its function and stability. In this regard this study was carried out to evaluate soil quality of different land use types in Chure region of central Nepal. Soil quality index (SQI) was determined on the basis of the soil physiochemical parameters. Soil properties like soil pH, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available potassium (AK), and available phosphorous (AP) were significantly affected by land uses types. Forest soil had the highest soil quality index (0.82) followed by bari (0.66), khet (0.64), and degraded land (0.40). Of the soil properties studied, total nitrogen and soil organic matter had the determining role in making significant impacts in the SQI among the different land uses. Hence, the results of this study can be important tool for planner, policy makers, and scientific community to frame appropriate land use management strategy.
Effects of planting time on growth, development and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Shrestha Jiban , Kandel Manoj , Chaudhary Amit
Published: January 2019

Planting date plays important role in the growth, development and yield of maize. Optimum planting date has becomes a prime importance for higher crop production. The plant establishment as well as pest and disease incidence are affected by planting dates. Crop varieties respond differently to planting dates. Early or late planting dates on maize causes an array of morpho-anatomical, physiological and biochemical changes in plants, which affect plant growth and development and such changes may lead to a drastic reduction in yield. Maize growth and development involves numerous biochemical reactions which are sensitive to variance in weather parameters as affected by planting dates. Delayed planting dates affect traits namely anthesis silking interval, photosynthesis, physiological maturity and dry matter production due to reduction in cumulative interception of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Late planting dates cause higher non-structural carbohydrate concentration in stems at mid-grain filling stages due to low temperature exposure of crop limiting kernel growth and photosynthesis. The adverse effects of delayed planting dates can be mitigated by forecasting optimum planting dates through crop modeling experiments. This article summarizes various effects of planting dates on maize growth, development and yield parameters. This information may be useful for maize growers and researchers.
Verification of disease management technology on lentil against Stemphylium blight at farmer’s field in Nepal
Authors: Subedi Subash , Neupane Sarswati
Published: January 2019

Technologies generated from lentil (Lens culinaris Medik) stemphylium blight (Stemphylium botryosum Walr) management experiments were verified at farmers field of 5 districts viz., Chitawan, Rautahat, Dang, Parsa and Banke during two winter seasons of 2013-2014 and 2014- 2015. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with factorial arrangement of treatments and replicated 4 times. The plot size was 340 m2 (1 Kattha) with 25 cm row to row spacing. There were altogether 3 factors of the experiment i.e. year (2013-2014 and 2014-2015), location (5 districts) and package of practice (improved and farmers practice). The higher crop yield (1142.50 kg/ha) with lower disease index (34.95%) and higher benefit cost ratio of 2.42 were recorded in the farmers field of Banke district following seed rate (30 kg/ha), 8 hour primed improved variety (Black lentil), fertilizer doze of (20:40:20 NPK kg/ha+ 1 kg/ha B basal doze) and subsequent 3 sprays of Dithane M-45 @ 2.5 g/l of water at 10 days interval.
Profitability of large cardamom enterprise in Nepal?: Evidence from financial analysis
Authors: Shrestha Keshav Prasad
Published: January 2019

Large Cardamom is major exportable commodities prioritized by Ministry of Commerce and Supply in Nepal. However, no study has been reported for its financial analysis in the country. In this context, this study was designed and conducted in Ilam, Panchthar, and Taplejung to assess the profitability and financial viability of cardamom production. Primary data needed for the study were collected using structured survey schedule with 30 randomly selected cardamom growers from each selected district in May-July 2017. Primary information mainly compose information on investment cost, operating cost and revenue. Three Focus Group Discussions were also carried out in each district for triangulation of collected information. The secondary data were used for the Compound Annual Growth Analysis and financial analysis. The economic yield starts from the fourth year and remains similar up to 20 years. But, it was found from the study that with the proper management of the crop cultivation packages, about 10% yield starts from third year which have not been reported yet. The financial analysis result showed that, the Return on Investment was found about 160% with payback period of 4.09 years. Similarly, Net Present Value was assessed at NRs. 3,545,771 at 12% discount rate. Likewise, the Internal Rate of Return Benefit-Cost Ratio of cardamom production was 82.6% and 3.06, respectively. The sensitivity analysis with 20% increase in the cost of production and 20% decrease in the sold price rate also found profitable and viable enterprises as its Return on Investment is 34%, PBP is 5.64 years, NPV equals NRs. 2,154,393, IRR 57.6% and BCR found 2.06. Hence, the study recommends that this enterprise is very profitable and viable and farmer could invest confidently even its rate fluctuates very often.
A glimpse on post-graduate thesis researches of Agronomy Department of IAAS and prioritized future research directions
Authors: Amgain Lal Prasad , Marasini Sudeep , BK Buddha
Published: January 2019

To appraise the major research outputs of agronomic crops and cropping systems and to direct the future research priorities of Agronomy Department of post-graduate (PG) program of Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences (IAAS), a rigorous review was accomplished on about two decadal (2000-2018) student’s thesis research works. The review revealed that the agronomic researches at IAAS from 2000 to 2012 were concentrated mostly in on-station farm of Rampur, Chitwan and found their focus on 11 food grain crops with five major themes viz. varietal evaluation, crop management, soil nutrient and weeds management, and crop simulation modeling. With the shifting of IAAS PG program from Rampur to Kirtipur in 2013, the major agronomic researches were found to be concentrated in on-farm stations due to transitional movement of IAAS to Agriculture and Forestry University, Nepal. A total of 115 agronomic studies were conducted on various crops, of which 92 were on cereals, 8 on legumes, oilseed and minor cereals including potato. There were records of 10 studies on rice-wheat and 3 studies on maize-based systems. The huge gaps between the potential and farmers' field yield and between the potential and research station yields for rice, maize and wheat crops suggested a great scope to raise yields of cereals by improved agronomical researches on varieties evaluation, crop and nutrient management and weed management. Simulation modeling study predicted that the varieties of rice and maize adopted at present could sustain the yields only for recent few years and needed for introduction of new climate resilient varieties, then after. Innovative and new researches on eco-region suited on-farm trails with variety identification, improved crop husbandry and soil nutrient management, improved weed and water management and on agro-meteorology, conservation agriculture, climate change adaptation and crop simulation modeling are advised as future research frontiers to uplift the productivity and reduce yield gaps of major food crops and to strengthen the academics of post-graduate research in near future.
Impacts of climate change on rice production and strategies for adaptation in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Gahatraj Sachin , Jha Ritesh Kumar , Singh Om Prakash
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted to understand perception of farmers about climate change; how it affects rice production and what are the local adaptation strategies adopted by farmers to maintain rice yield in Chitwan district of Nepal. A total of 90 rainy season rice farming household were surveyed with semi-structured interview schedule. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS and MS Excel. Majority of the respondents (91.20%) perceived deviation in weather parameters in last 10 years. Most of the farmers had perceived drought as the major impact of climate change and nursery stage of rice to be highly prone to climate impact. Higher proportion of farmers had experienced delay in transplanting and harvesting time of paddy in last 10 years. Many farmers had already replaced local varieties by either improved or hybrid rice variety resilient to climate change. Increased insects infestation and weed menace along with outbreak of new types were found to be major production problem perceived by farmers at study area. Most of the respondents (50%) were expecting technical supports followed by infrastructure development (20.6%) from different organizations. Climate resilient projects and programs designed in bottom up approach to enhance understanding of impacts of climate change will help farmers to cope climate risk on rice production.
Assessment of present status and action plan development of vegetable seed enterprise in Rukum, Nepal
Authors: Pun Amar Bahadur , Poudyal Damodar
Published: January 2019

Vegetable seed enterprise is a highly potential sub-sector for the economic growth of rural farmers in Nepal. Rukum has been known as the most important district for vegetable seed production since long time because of favorable agro-climatic condition. However, Rukums' sub-sector is facing several limitations including organized production and marketing, technology adoption and entrepreneurship development. This study has been carried out to assess the vegetable seed sub-sector of Rukum and propose action plans accordingly for the sustainable seed enterprise development. The study conducted stakeholder workshop and field survey; consulted district line agencies, seed producers and cooperatives, agro-vets and seed companies, and reviewed previous works. The study found that there were many individual farmers, farmers' groups and cooperatives being involved in vegetable seed production in the district. The role of private sector is emerging rapidly with higher share in the seed marketing. The public sector is still a major player for conducting research; and provision of source seeds, quality assurance and other support services. Strategic efforts and action plans are needed to push the existing traditional seed sub-sector towards commercial venture. Technology adoption for quality seed production, processing and marketing; transformation of the classical seed sub-sector into a competitive and sustainable enterprise; organized and demand led seed production programs; and coordination and participatory approaches among stakeholders in seed value chain activities are highly recommended.
Study on nutrient supply in relation to feeding system of buffalo in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Shah Manoj Kumar , Tabata Yusuke , Kumagai Hajime , Hayashi Yoshiaki
Published: January 2019

Livestock farming in Nepal, especially buffalo farming alone contributes a major share in livelihoods of farmers. Stall feeding of buffalo is common in Chitwan with occasional grazing. This raises questions about status of nutrients supplied to maintain productivity as feed resources varied in forest and crop land according to the season. A study was carried out in Chitwan from April 2015 to March 2016 to find out the status of nutrient supply in relation to the feeding system of buffalo. Total fifteen farms were selected from three villages, the amount of feedstuff fed to the animals was measured every month and the nutrient contents of the feed were analyzed. The mean concentrations of DM, CP, TDN, Ca and P were 641g/kg, 75.0 g/kg, 462 g/kg, 4.9 g/kg and 4.2 g/kg. A significant difference of CP contents among the villages was observed (72.0 g/kg, 70.7 g/kg and 81.2 g/kg (P<0.01), and the highest content of CP, TDN, Ca and P were found in July (P<0.05)). The study showed variation in nutrient supplied, irrespective of the status and condition of buffalo in the farms which need to be considered to maintain productivity of the animals.
Fruit characterization of different avocado (Persea americana Mill.) genotypes in eastern mid-hills of Nepal
Authors: Poudel Krishna , Shah Manoj Kumar , Mandal Jawahar Lal , Shrestha Jiban
Published: January 2019

The total of thirteen different avocado (Persea americana Mill.) genotypes were collected for evaluating the fruit characteristics in the laboratory of Agricultural Research Station, Pakhribas during November 2017. The fully matured fruits from the farmer's field at Patle, Dhankuta were collected. The criteria for selecting the genotypes were fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, seed weight, pulp weight, pulp to fruit ratio and the seed weight percentage. The result suggests the potentiality of the genotypes PAKAV002 and PAKAV010 in most of the evaluated characters as compared to the tested genotypes. The genotypes PAKAV008 and PAKAV007 were disliked as they have 32.59% and 28.39% of seed weight to the total fruit weight. The genotypes PAKAV002 and PAKAV010 had the average fruit weight ranging (307.1 g and 346.8 g), maximum of pulp to fruit ratio 62.34% and 56.97%. Similarly, genotypes PAKAV010 (11.425%), PAKAV013 (11.96%) and PAKAV002 (14.47%) had low seed weight to the total fruit weight which is regarded important factor for avocado selection and evaluation. This result shows that the genotypes PAKAV002 and PAKAV010 should be further evaluated for fruit characteristics and the quality.
Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation among yield and yield components of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Adhikari Bhim Nath , Joshi Bishnu Prasad , Shrestha Jiban , Bhatta Naba Raj
Published: January 2019

This study was conducted during summer 2015 at Regional Agriculture Research Station, Dipayal, Doti, Nepal to estimate the genotypic and phenotypic variability, heritability, genetic advance and correlation on grain yield and yield associated traits using 26 advance genotypes of lowland irrigated rice. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant difference for days to flowering, maturity, plant height, panicle length, thousand grain weight and grain yield. High heritability was estimated for days to flowering (0.88), maturity (0.79), thousand grain weight (0.48) and plant height (0.43) suggesting these traits are under high genetic control. High phenotypic variation was observed for grain yield (24.87%), number of grains/panicle (22.45%), number of panicles/m2 (20.95%) and straw yield (20.75%) while grain yield had medium (12.02%) and remaining traits showed low genotypic coefficient of variation (<10%). High phenotypic coefficient of variation estimated as compared to genotypic coefficient of variation showed environmental influence on the expression of traits. Grain yield (11.98) and days to flowering (10.32) showed medium and remaining traits sowed low genotypic advance as percent of mean. High to low heritability with moderate to low genotypic advance as percent of mean suggested these traits were governed by non additive gene thus direct selection is not beneficial. Further improvements on yield potentiality and yield traits on these genotypes are suggested by creating variation and selection. Panicle length (r = 0.230), days to flowering (r = 0.247), effective tillers (r = 0.488) and straw yield (r = 0.846) manifested significant positive association with grain yield indicating that yield can be increased if selection applied in favor of those yield components.
Effect of different spacing and mulching on growth and yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Jha Ritesh Kumar , Neupane Ram Babu , Khatiwada Abishkar , Pandit Shailesh , Dahal Bhishma Raj
Published: January 2019

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) is one of the most important vegetable crop of Nepal. Its yield and growth parameters are affected by different cultural practices. This study was conducted at Olericulture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal during April 29 to July 9 of 2018. The field experiment was carried out in split plot design using three replications. The treatments consisted of three intra row spacing (30, 45 and 60 cm) and four different mulching materials (Silver plastic, Panicum repens, Lantana camara and bare soil). The objective of this experiment was to assess the effects of various intra-row spacings and mulching materials on growth and yield of okra. The effect of mulching materials on okra yield was found significant. The okra yield was highest (8104 kg/ha) under silver plastic mulch followed by control (5161kg/ha), Panicum repens (3901kg/ha) and Lantana camera (3701kg/ha), respectively. Silver plastic mulch enhanced the growth parameters like canopy length, plant height, leaf number, leaf length, girth and yield of okra. The spacings provided non significant effect on okra yield, however the yield of okra was highest (7295 kg/ha) under 30×30 cm spacing followed by 45×30 cm (4660 kg/ha) and 60 cm × 30 cm spacing (3703 kg/ha), respectively. Combination of silver plastic mulch along with 30 cm × 30 cm spacing provided the highest okra yield. This study suggests that farmers of the Chitwan should grow okra at spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm and under silver plastic mulch to produce higher yield.
Technical efficiency of hybrid maize production in eastern terai of Nepal: A stochastic frontier approach
Authors: Adhikari Surya P. , Timsina Krishna P. , Brown Peter R. , Ghimire Yuga N. , Lamichhane Jeevan
Published: January 2019

Maize is the second most important crop after rice in terms of area and production in Nepal. This article analyzes the technical efficiency and its determinants of hybrid maize production in eastern Nepal. Using a randomly selected data from 98 farmers (41 from Morang and 57 from Sunsari) in eastern Nepal, the study employed a stochastic frontier production model to find the production elasticity coefficients of inputs, determinants of efficiency and technical efficiency of hybrid maize farmers. The results showed that maize production responds positively to increase in amount of urea, DAP and the area planted, where as it is negative to seed quantity. The study indicate that farmers are not technically efficient with a mean technical efficiency 79 %. Socioeconomic variable age had a negative and significant while the household size had a positive and significant related to maize output. The younger farmers were observed more technically efficient than older farmers. Larger the members in the household higher the maize production. It is recommended that farmers should increase their fertilizer dose and farm size while they should decrease their seed rate for efficient production.
The fodder oat (Avena sativa) mixed legume forages farming: Nutritional and ecological benefits
Authors: Barsila Shanker Raj
Published: January 2019

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is one of the most important cultivated winter fodder crops for livestock in Nepal, Yet, its production potential is not fully explored in Nepal for different locations and in combination with legumes. One of the major problems in ruminant feeding in Nepal is the shortage of quality fodder during the winter season where oats-legume mixture would play an important role. Oats are better adapted to different soil types and can perform better on acid soils in comparison to other small cereal grains. Intercropping is a traditional farming technique, which is important in farming systems of developing countries but far less widespread in mechanized systems; however, there is an increased interest in intercropping systems for developing sustainable farming systems mostly for grass-legume polycultures. The review concluded that oats in combination with legumes could be a potential model of intercropping to attain an increased forage dry matter (DM) yield without jeopardizing the quality issue, especially during winter and further, it is required to define the optimum management of these grass-legume species such as oats and vetch and oats and pea in various environments such as choice of grasses and legume species, seed rate, sowing time and fertilizer efficiencies, irrigation requirements and increase in herbage quality is possible if the legumes are dominant in grass-legumes mixture. The advantage of oat-legume mix farming is that it may be produced in a wider range of soil classes, which determines the ecological benefits. However, it further requires a series of experiments to conclude in all aspects.
Single Phase Heat Transfer In Parallel Micro-Channel Heat Sink
Authors: SH.AL-Khafajy R
Published: January 2019

A copper parallel channels test piece has built into the test section containing twenty five, one mm by one mm, parallel channels the channels were fifty mm long; the Heat-transfer coefficients for single-phase are reported. Micro- channel was Square shape and the test section has a glass top plate to permit visual observations. The data are taken while the rig is working .The test section is received the heat by an electric heater is associated normally with a boundary condition for   constant heat flux. Because the important variation in the single-phase - heat-transfer coefficient in the inlet zone, the interceding copper and aluminum material is shown to make the test section close isothermal wall boundary condition.  The heat conduction influence is taken into computation in the data analysis finally; the effective heat flux and the single-phase heat transfer coefficient are reported in this paper experiments and predictions
AKTIVITAS FISIK, KONSUMSI MAKANAN CEPAT SAJI DAN KOMPOSISI LEMAK TUBUH REMAJA SMA KARUNA DIPA PALU
Authors: Hafid Fahmi , Cahyani Yayuk Eka , Ansar Ansar
Published: January 2019

Kelebihan berat badan (overweight) dan obesitas pada remaja merupakan faktor risiko penyakit diabetes, kardiovaskular, dan kanker. Hal ini disebabkan karena terjadinya penimbunan lemak pada jaringan adiposa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi makanan cepat saji (fast foods) dengan komposisi lemak tubuh pada remaja di SMA Karuna Dipa Palu. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dengan menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 74 orang yang diambil menggunakan teknik systematic random sampling. Data komposisi lemak tubuh diketahui melalui pengukuran menggunakan alat BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis) merk KERN, data aktivitas fisik didapatkan melalui pengisian kuesioner aktivitas fisik selama seminggu terakhir, dan data konsumsi makanan cepat saji (fast foods) sebulan terakhir didapatkan melalui pengisian formulir FFQ (Food Frequency Questionnaire). Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dengan nilai α=0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 29,7% remaja memiliki komposisi lemak tubuh yang tinggi. Persentase remaja yang tergolong inaktif sebesar 73,0%, dan 59,5% remaja sering mengkonsumsi makanan cepat saji (fast foods). Remaja tergolong inaktif beraktivitas fisik yang memiliki komposisi lemak tubuh yang tinggi sebesar 35,2% (p-value = 0,161; α>0,05). Dan persentase remaja yang sering mengkonsumsi fast foods memiliki komposisi lemak tubuh yang tinggi sebesar 36,4% (p-value = 0,210; α>0,05). Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini yaitu tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna antara aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi makanan cepat saji (fast foods) dengan komposisi lemak tubuh pada remaja.
ANGON SAMPAH SEBAGAI UPAYA PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT BER-BASIS POTENSI LOKAL DI DESA PESUCEN MELALUI TEORI DIGNAN
Authors: Yuliandari Inriza , Sari Nenda Puspita , Ardiansyah Rochmad , Nur Novanyanti
Published: January 2019

Sampah adalah salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang masih banyak dihadapi oleh masyarakat Indonesia saat ini. Menurut data dari Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan Republik Indonesia (2018), jumlah sampah, utamanya sampah plastik di Indonesia, telah mencapai level yang mengkhawatirkan dengan tren meningkat dalam rentang waktu 10 tahun terakhir. Banyuwangi sebagai salah satu kabupaten di Indonesia juga menghadapi masalah sampah, utamanya di wilayah Kecamatan Kalipuro Desa Pesucen. Tidak adanya tempat pembuangan sampah yang memenuhi syarat dan Tempat Pembuangan Sampah Sementara (TPS) membuat masyarakat sekitar sering membuang sampah sembarangan, dan bahkan membakarnya setiap kali ada sampah menumpuk sehingga dapat meng-ganggu kesehatan masyarakat sekitar. Melihat permasalahan tersebut, diadakanlah program kegiatan pemberdayaan masyarakat di Desa Pesucen dengan nama Angon Sampah (Gancang Podo Nyelengi Sampah) untuk meminimalisasi permasalahan sampah di Desa Pesucen. Melalui artikel ini, penulis akan menyampaikan perencanaan dan implementasi Angon Sampah (Gancang Podo Nyelengi Sampah) melalui Teori Dignan. Penelitian dilakukan secara observasional menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian yang bersifat deksriptif. Kesimpulan yang didapat adalah Angon Sampah (Gancang Podo Nyelengi Sampah) merupakah salah satu program pemberdayaan masyarakat yang cukup efektif untuk mengurangi sampah di Dusun Bangorejo Desa Pesucen.
FAKTOR RISIKO KEJADIAN DIARE PADA BALITA DI KOTA BANJARMASIN
Authors: Kasman Kasman , Ishak Nuning Irnawulan
Published: January 2019

Kebanyakan kematian balita di negara berkembang salah satunya disebabkan oleh diare. Penyakit diare merupakan salah satu penyakit utama pada bayi dan anak di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor resiko kejadian diare pada anak balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Semangat Dalam Kecamatan Alalak Kabupaten Barito Kuala. Target penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dilanjutkan dengan melakukan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat tentang pemanfaatan jamban sehat, pentingnya pemberian ASI Eksklusif serta pentingnya pemberian imunisasi pada balita. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh anak balita yang ada di Kota Banjarmasin sebanyak 54.746 balita. Teknik penarikan sampel secara multistage sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 188 balita. Pengumpulan data dengan melakukan wawancara langsung pada responden menggunakan kuesioner. Instrumen dalam penelitian ini yaitu menggunakan kuesioner dengan teknik wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan uji statistik Chi Square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara kepemilikan jamban, pemberian ASI eksklusif, dan Imunisasi dengan kejadian Diare pada Balita di Kota Banjarmasin.
PENGENDALIAN FAKTOR RISIKO STUNTING ANAK BADUTA DI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Nasrul Nasrul
Published: January 2019

Stunting merupakan perhatian utama kesehatan masyarakat di seluruh dunia. Tujuan penelitian menganalisis faktor risiko baduta stunting di Sulawesi Tengah dan model pengendaliannya. Penelitian Cross Sectional dilaksanakan pada tanggal 06 Juli-31 Agusutus 2018 di Kota Palu, Kabupaten Poso, Sigi dan Kabupaten Banggai di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Populasi semua anak baduta di Sulawesi Tengah. Metode penarikan sampel dengan simple random sampling sebanyak 384 orang. Stunting adalah status gizi anak 0-23 bulan skor TB/U < -2SD Standar WHO 2005. Data diperoleh dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner, Faktor risiko yang paling dominan dilakukan analisis multivariat regresi logistik terhadap variabel faktor risiko risiko rumah tangga dan keluarga, risiko makanan pendamping ASI, risiko praktek menyusui, risiko penyakit infeksi, risiko sosial dan masyarakat. Analisis bivariat nilai p <0,25 dilanjutkan dengan uji regresi logistik. Selanjutnya faktor risiko dominan dikendalikan dengan model promosi multilevel dengan pendekatan Multilevel Approach To Community Health (MATCH). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel yang memiliki faktor risiko terhadap kejadian stunting adalah berat badan lahir rendah OR=5,512 (1,992-15,256) tidak mencuci tangan OR=5,359 (1,758-16,341) serta tidak memiliki jamban dengan OR= 7,398 (2,072-30,714). Model MATCH dengan melaksanakan program peningkatan efektivitas program Kesehatan ibu dan anak seperti antenatal care, kelas ibu hamil, suplementasi Fe dan kalsium. Pemberian makanan tambahan ibu hamil. Pelatihan praktik mencuci tangan pada air mengalir menggunakan sabun. Dukungan prasarana Air bersih dengan pemipaan. Bantuan kepemilikan jamban dan cara perawatannya serta pelatihan sanitasi berbasis masyarakat.
EFEKTIFITAS MEDIA ARANG BATOK KELAPA DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR SALINITAS PADA AIR BERSIH DI AKE GAALE TAHUN 2017
Authors: Sangadjisowohy Idayani , Muhamad Marsan T.
Published: January 2019

Instalasi sumber air di Akegaale terjadi intrusi air laut. Intrusi air laut menyebabkan kadar salinitas pada air tanah meningkat, sehingga air tidak layak dikonsumsi sebagai air minum. Salah satu metode pengolahan air untuk dapat menurunkan kadar salinitas adalah dengan cara filtrasi/penyaringan menggunakan arang batok kelapa.Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk mengetahui efektifitas media arang batok kelapa dengan ketebalan 25 cm dan 30 cm dalam menurunkan kadar salinitas pada air bersih di Ake Gaale. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain eksperimen murni. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah air baku dari sumur Ake Gaale. penelitian ini menggunakan pretest–postest dengan tehnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pada ketebalan arang batok kelapa 25 cm, rata-rata dapat menurunkan kadar salinitas sebesar 0,3 ‰ dengan efektifitas pengolahan sebesar 40 %. Sedangkan, pada ketebalan arang batok kelapa 30 cm, rata-rata dapat menurunkan kadar salinitas sebesar 0,2 ‰ dengan efektifitas pengolahan sebesar 60 %. Dari hasil yang telah diperoleh dapat disimpulkan bahwa media arang aktif batok kelapa dengan ketebalan 25 cm dan 30 cm dapat menurunkan kadar salinitas air bersih.
LIMBAH KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa acuminate) SEBAGAI BIOFILTER ZAT BESI (Fe) DAN ZAT KAPUR (CaCO3)
Authors: Budiman Budiman , Hamidah Hamidah , Hasria Hasria
Published: January 2019

Air tanah atau air sumur merupakan sumber air bersih terbesar yang digunakan. Kendala yang paling sering ditemui dalam menggunakan air tanah adalah masalah kandungan zat besi (Fe) dan zat Kapur (CaCO3) yang terdapat dalam air baku. Air yang tercemar logam Fe dan zat kapur yang tinggi, bila akan dikonsumsi maka perlu dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Pengolahan air untuk menurunkan kadar Fe dan zat kapur dalam air dapat dilakukan secara kimia dan fisika. Proses adsorpsi zat besi (Fe) dan zat kapur (CaCO3) dalam air secara alami dapat dilakukan menggunakan tempurung kelapa, arang sekam padi, biji kelor, maupun kulit pisang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah limbah kulit pisang Kepok (Musa acuminate) dapat digunakan sebagai biofilter zat besi dan zat kapur pada air. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen yang akan melihat efektifitas perlakuan limbah kulit pisang kepok sebagai biofilter zat besi dan zat kapur pada air bersih. Penelitian ini akan dilakukan di Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah mulai dari bulan Januari sampai Juli tahun 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Limbah kulit pisang Kepok (Musa acuminate) efek-tif sebagai biofilter zat besi (Fe) dan tidak efektif sebagai biofilter zat kapur (CaCO3).
PENGARUH PENYULUHAN DAN PELATIHAN MELALUI MEDIA LEAFLET TERHADAP PENGETAHUAN KADER PHBS DI KECAMATAN RATOLINDO KABUPATEN TOJO UNA-UNA
Authors: Saleh Azizah , Kunoli Firdaus J.
Published: January 2019

Masih rendahnya cakupan Perilaku Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat (PHBS) dan belum banyak masyarakat yang benar-benar menerapkan PHBS. Di kecamatan Ratolindo, untuk itulah perlu dilakukan peningkatan pengetahuan keluarga dan pembinaan kader dengan memberikan penyuluhan.dan latihan pemberdayaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh efektifitas Penyuluhan dan pelatihan melalui media Leaflet terhadap pengetahuan Kader PHBS Di Kecamatan Ratolindo Kabupaten Tojo Una-una tahun 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian quasi eksperimental dengan quasi-experimental  one group pretest-posttest design. Pengukuran dilakukan sebelum dan setelah pemberian penyuluhan kesehatan dan pembinaan kader tentang konsep PHBS dengan metode leaflet.Dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 40 sampel. Analisis data dengan menggunakan program SPSS, dan dilakukan uji normalitas. Uji hipotesis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah independent sample t-test, paired t-test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata frekuensi pengetahuan kader PHBS setelah dilakukan intervensi penyuluhan dan pelatihan, Hasil Uji Paired Sample t test diperoleh nilai signifikan dengan nilai ρ Value = 0.010. bahwa ada pengaruh penyuluhan dan pelatihan melalui media Leaflet terhadap pengetahuan Kader PHBS Di Kecamatan Ratolindo Kabupaten Tojo Una-una tahun 2017. Pada hasil analisis univariat diperoleh hasil pengetahuan kader PHBS mengalami peningkatan peningkatan walaupun masih ada sebagian yang dari kader PHBS yang memiliki pengetahuan rendah.
HAND MASSAGE TERHADAP PENURUNAN TINGKAT KECEMASAN KLIEN PRA-OPERASI PADA PEMBEDAHAN ELEKTIF
Authors: Sitompul Erawati , . Mustikasari
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAKTujuan Penelitian: mengidentifi kasi pengaruh hand massage terhadap penurunan kecemasanklien. Metode: Desain penelitian quasi experimental one group pre-test post-test dengan sampel 27orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)for adult. Uji statistik menggunakan Uji Proporsi, Chi Square dan Uji ANOVA. Hasil: Respondenpenelitian dengan rerata usia 30 tahun, mayoritas berpendidikan sarjana, bekerja, dan pernahmenjalani pembedahan. Tidak terdapat hubungan antara karakteristik responden dengan tingkatkecemasan klien pra-operasi dengan perolehan nilai p>0,05. Terdapat pengaruh Hand Massageterhadap penurunan tingkat kecemasan klien dengan nilai p=0,038<0,05. Diskusi: Hasil penelitianmenyarankan agar hand massage dijadikan sebagai intervensi mandiri keperawatan dalampenanganan kecemasan di tahap pra-operasi pada pasien bedah elektif. Simpulan: Hand massagedapat menurunkan tingkat kecemasan klien pra-operasi pada pembedahan elektif di Rumah SakitPondok Indah Jakarta Selatan.Kata Kunci: hand massage, kecemasan, pra-operasi, pembedahan elektif.ABSTRACTObjectives: The study aimed to identify the effect of hand massage on the reduction of client’sanxiety. Methods: This study was quasi experimental one group pretest postest with a samplesize of 27 people. It employed a questionaire of Spielberg State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) foradult. Data were analyzed using proportion, chi square and ANOVA tests. Result: The averageage of respondents was 30 years old, mostly holding bachelor degree, working and having surgeryexperience. The results indicated that there was no correlation between characteristics of respondentsand their levels of pre-operation anxiety, (p>0.05). Hand massage had an effect on the reduction ofclient’s anxiety levels (p=0.038<0.05). Discussion: The results suggested that Hand Massage beused as an independent nursing intervention in addressing client’s anxiety in pre-elective surgery.Conclusion: Hand massage reduces the anxiety levels of pre-operative clients in elective surgeryat Pondok Indah Hospital, South Jakarta.Keywords: hand massage, anxiety, preoperation, elective surgery