bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shaping Future Foods through Fermentation of Side Streams: Microbial, Chemical, and Physical Characteristics of Fermented Blends from Sunflower Seed Press Cake and Cheese Whey
Authors: Raak Norbert , Mangieri Nicola , Foschino Roberto , Corredig Milena
Published: November 2023

The current food system suffers from the inefficient use of resources, including the generation of side streams of low economic value that still contain nutritional components. One potential approach to reach a more sustainable food system is to reintroduce such side streams into a circular value chain and valorise them in novel food products, preferably in an unrefined or minimally refined manner. Blending side streams from different industries might be a suitable way to improve the nutritional value of the final matrix. In this study, sunflower seed press cake and cheese whey were combined to obtain matrices containing valuable proteins, structuring polysaccharides, as well as lactose and minerals facilitating fermentation with three different co-cultures of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Fermentation for 48 h at 26 °C decreased the pH from ~6.3 to ~4.7 and enhanced the storage stability of the blends with no effect on their rheological properties and microstructure. This research demonstrates the potential of fermentation as a mean to stabilise side stream blends while only minimally affecting their physical appearance.
Antioxidant Activity of Beef, Pork and Chicken Burgers before and after Cooking and after In Vitro Intestinal Digestion
Authors: Grassi Giulia , Capasso Giambattista , Rando Andrea , Perna Anna Maria
Published: November 2023

The aim of the present work was to evaluate and compare in vitro the antioxidant activity of raw, cooked and cooked–digested pork, beef and chicken burgers. The cooking process influenced the antioxidant capacity of the meat by decreasing the values of ABTS, FRAP and the content of free thiols. Conversely, a positive effect was observed after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion which increased the biological activity of the meat, characterised by greater antioxidant activity. The type of meat influenced the chemical composition and biological capacity of the burgers. In fact, both before and after the cooking process, beef burgers showed higher thiol content and, consequently, a higher oxidative stability of proteins than chicken and pork burgers. In vitro gastrointestinal digestion also improved the nutraceutical quality of beef burgers, which showed higher ABTS values and thiol content than pork burgers, which showed higher FRAP values. This work aims to support the potential of meat constituents as a natural antioxidant component that is essential to counteract the oxidative stress responsible for imbalances in the human organism and several cardiovascular diseases.
Versatile Effects of GABA Oolong Tea on Improvements in Diastolic Blood Pressure, Alpha Brain Waves, and Quality of Life
Authors: Lin Chih-Cheng , Hsieh Chih-Yu , Chen Li-Fen , Chen Yen-Chun , Ho Tien-Hwa , Chang Shao-Chin , Chang Jia-Feng
Published: November 2023

Emerging evidence has demonstrated that using a new manufacturing technology to produce γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-fortified oolong (GO) tea could relieve human stress and exert versatile physiological benefits. The purpose of this human study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of daily GO tea consumption on improvements in blood pressure, relaxation-related brain waves, and quality of life (QOL) over a period of 28 consecutive days. Total polyphenols, major catechins, and free amino acids were analyzed via an HPLC assay. Changes in heart rate, blood pressure, α brain waves (index of relaxation), and the eight-item QOL score were investigated on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The chemical analysis results showed that GO tea contained the most abundant amino acids and GABA, contributing to the relaxation activity. Among all study participants, the daily consumption of GO tea could reduce systolic blood pressure on day 21 and diastolic blood pressure on day 28 (p < 0.05 for both). For participants with pre-hypertension, GO tea could effectively reduce heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure on day 28 (p < 0.05). At the end of the study, incremental changes in alpha brain waves and QOL scores were also demonstrated (p < 0.05 for both). This study suggests that GO tea might potentially serve as a natural source for alternative therapy to improve blood pressure, stress relief, and QOL.
The Gap in Sustainable Food Services in Public Institutions: The Perceptions of Young Consumers from Public Universities in the Madrid Region (Spain)
Authors: Cruz Maceín José Luis , Hocine Mohamed Amine , Hernández-Jiménez Verónica , Zamorano Rodríguez José Pablo , Sayadi Gmada Samir
Published: November 2023

The agri-food system needs to transition into a more balanced system that takes into account economic, social, and environmental factors. Young people are a key demographic group to consider as they are open to new trends of consumption, including sustainable buying practices. Public universities can play a significant role in promoting sustainable and healthy eating habits among students. In this paper, we focus on the perceptions of young people regarding sustainable food in the Madrid Region. We conducted a survey using a questionnaire-based approach among 1940 students in 2022. The results highlight that young consumers are highly concerned about food sustainability. They perceive sustainability as local and non-processed foods. However, this perception varies among young consumers, and we identified five different consumer profiles. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis provide insights into potential actions that universities can take to promote sustainable and healthy eating habits among students.
Antioxidant Benefits and Potential Mechanisms of Slightly Acidic Electrolyzed Water Germination in Sesame
Authors: Li Yujie , Liu Shaokang , Hao Jianxiong , Rao Huan , Zhao Dandan , Liu Xueqiang
Published: November 2023

Slightly acidic electrolytic water (SAEW) treatment for seed germination is a promising technique for sustainable agriculture. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of germinated sesame seeds treated with SAEW for the first time. Specifically, the impact and correlation of SAEW on the activities of total phenols, total flavonoids, and antioxidant oxidase in sesame seeds were examined. The results showed that SAEW with low ACC inhibited sesame germination, SAEW with high ACC promoted sesame germination, and sesame buds treated with SAEW with 30 mg/L and 50 mg/L ACC showed lower antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavone content compared to tap water. In contrast, SAEW with 30 mg/L ACC had no significant effect on sesame growth but positively influenced the antioxidant activity of sesame seed germination by promoting phenolic compound synthesis through increased phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity and enhancing antioxidant activity by boosting PAL, polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POD) activities. Generally, antioxidant ability was the most prominent in SAEW with 30 mg/L ACC, and positive correlations between antioxidation and total phenols and flavonoids content were found in sesame. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the enhanced antioxidant capacity observed in germinated sesame seeds under SAEW stress.
Paper-Based Microfluidic Chips for Food Hazard Factor Detection: Fabrication, Modification, and Application
Authors: Liang Meiqi , Zhang Guozhi , Song Jie , Tan Mingqian , Su Wentao
Published: November 2023

Food safety and quality are paramount concerns for ensuring the preservation of human life and well-being. As the field of food processing continues to advance, there is a growing interest in the development of fast, instant, cost-effective, and convenient methods for detecting food safety issues. In this context, the utilization of paper-based microfluidic chips has emerged as a promising platform for enabling rapid detection, owing to their compact size, high throughput capabilities, affordability, and low resource consumption, among other advantages. To shed light on this topic, this review article focuses on the functionalization of paper-based microfluidic surfaces and provides an overview of the latest research and applications to colorimetric analysis, fluorescence analysis, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, as well as their integration with paper-based microfluidic platforms for achieving swift and reliable food safety detection. Lastly, the article deliberates on the challenges these analytical methods and presents insights into their future development prospects in facilitating rapid food safety assessment.
Effect of Enzymatic Biotransformation on the Hypotensive Potential of Red Grape Pomace Extract
Authors: Batista Daniel , Chiocchetti Gabriela de Matuoka e , Macedo Juliana Alves
Published: November 2023

Hypertension is a widespread health risk, affecting over a billion people and causing 9 million deaths per year. The Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System (RAAS) is a primary target for hypertension treatment, and it is primarily treated through drugs that inhibit the Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE). In addition to pharmacological treatment, various plants are recommended in traditional medicine for blood pressure regulation. This study aimed to produce high-phenolic-content extracts with and without enzymatic assistance from red grape pomace and evaluate their antioxidant capacity and ACE inhibitory potential. The total phenolic content (TPC) was measured, and phenolic identification was performed using HPLC analysis. In addition, the antioxidant capacity and anti-hypertensive potential were determined via in vitro assays. There was no statistical difference in the TPC antioxidant capacity between the extraction methods. Otherwise, when considering the extraction yield, the enzymatic process recovered around 70% more phenolic compounds from the pomace, and the phenolic profile was changed. Enzymatic assistance also significantly increased the ACE inhibitory potential in the grape pomace extract. This study demonstrates the viability of upcycling grape pomace to obtain bioactive compounds and to reduce their environmental impact, and highlights the influence of the enzymatic extraction on the hypotensive potential of the extract.
Acute Oral Toxicity Evaluation of Almond Hull Powders in BALB/c Mice
Authors: Liu Juer , Yao Yuyang , Cheng Yanling , Hua Wei , Zhu Xinyue , Miao Qiming , Huang Guangwei , Mi Shengquan , Ruan Roger
Published: November 2023

Almond hull, a substantial byproduct constituting more than half of almond fresh weight, has garnered recent attention due to its abundance in fiber and bioactive content. Despite this huge interest, data on its toxicity remain scarce. In line with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 423 guidelines, this study conducted an acute oral toxicity test using almond hull powders processed from three major almond varieties of Butte, Monterey, and Nonpareil on BALB/c female mice, administering dosages of 300 mg/kg body weight (bw), 2000 mg/kg bw, and 5000 mg/kg bw, with observations over a 14-day period. The results indicated that almond hull powders were non-toxic, aligning with the Globally Harmonized System’s classification. Administering up to 5000 mg/kg bw of all three varieties of almond hull powders (female BALB/c mice) and 10,000 mg/kg bw of Monterey almond hull powders (both female and male mice) induced no adverse effects in terms of mortality, body weight changes, food intake, organ to weight ratio, and clinical biochemistry. Additionally, histopathological examination revealed no organ abnormalities. This study demonstrates the non-toxic nature of almond hull as an edible food ingredient under experimental conditions, encouraging the further exploration of its potential for safe consumption and its health benefits.
Impact of Variation in Amylose Content on Durum Wheat cv. Svevo Technological and Starch Properties
Authors: Sissons Mike , Palombieri Samuela , Sestili Francesco , Lafiandra Domenico
Published: November 2023

Reserve starch, the main component of durum wheat semolina, is constituted of two glucan homopolymers (amylose and amylopectin) that differ in their chemical structure. Amylose is mainly a linear structure formed of α-1,4-linked glucose units, with a lower polymerization degree, whereas amylopectin is a highly branched structure of α-1,4-chains linked by α-1,6-bonds. Variation of the amylose/amylopectin ratio has a profound effect on the starch properties which may impact the wheat technological and nutritional characteristics and their possible use in the food and non-food sector. In this work a set of genotypes, with a range of amylose from 14.9 to 57.8%, derived from the durum wheat cv. Svevo was characterised at biochemical and rheological level and used to produce pasta to better understand the role of amylose content in a common genetic background. A negative correlation was observed between amylose content and semolina swelling power, starch peak viscosity, and pasta stickiness. A worsening of the firmness was observed in the low amylose pasta compared to the control (cv. Svevo), whereas no difference was highlighted in the high amylose samples. The resistant starch was higher in the high amylose (HA) pasta compared to the control and low amylose (LA) pasta. Noteworthy, the extent of starch digestion was reduced in the HA pasta while the LA genotypes offered a higher starch digestion, suggesting other possible applications.
Development and Characterization of Terbinafine-Loaded Nanoemulgel for Effective Management of Dermatophytosis
Authors: Phagna Mayank , Badhwar Reena , Singh Manvi , Alhalmi Abdulsalam , Khan Rahmuddin , Noman Omar M. , Alahdab Ahmad
Published: November 2023

Dermatophytosis, the most prevalent fungal infection, is witnessing a rising incidence annually. To address this challenge, we developed a terbinafine-loaded oil-in-water nanoemulsion (TH-NE) through the aqueous microtitration method. The formulation comprised olive oil (oil phase), Span 80 (surfactant), and propylene glycol (co-surfactant). Pseudo-phase ternary diagrams and thermodynamic studies underscored the stability of TH-NE. Employing the Box–Behnken design (BBD), we optimized TH-NE, which resulted in a remarkable particle size of 28.07 nm ± 0.5, a low polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.1922 ± 0.1, and a substantial negative zeta potential of −41.87 mV ± 1. Subsequently, TH-NE was integrated into a 1.5% carbopol matrix, yielding a nanoemulgel (TH-NEG). Texture analysis of TH-NEG demonstrated a firmness of 168.00 g, a consistency of 229.81 g/s, negative cohesiveness (−83.36 g), and a work of cohesion at −107.02 g/s. In vitro drug release studies revealed an initial burst effect followed by sustained release, with TH-NEG achieving an impressive 88% release over 48 h, outperforming TH-NE (74%) and the marketed formulation (66%). Ex vivo release studies mirrored these results, with TH-NEG (86%) and TH-NE (71%) showcasing sustained drug release in comparison to the marketed formulation (67%). Confocal microscopy illustrated that TH-NEG and TH-NE penetrated to depths of 30 µm and 25 µm, respectively, into the epidermal layer. Furthermore, dermatokinetic studies highlighted the enhanced drug penetration of TH-NEG compared to TH-NE through mouse skin. In summary, our study establishes TH-NEG as a promising carrier for terbinafine in treating dermatophytosis, offering improved drug delivery and sustained release potential.
Assessment of the Genetic Characteristics of a Generation Born during a Long-Term Socioeconomic Crisis
Authors: Mikhailova Svetlana V. , Ivanoshchuk Dinara E. , Orlov Pavel S. , Bairqdar Ahmad , Anisimenko Maksim S. , Denisova Diana V.
Published: November 2023

Background: A socioeconomic crisis in Russia lasted from 1991 to 1998 and was accompanied by a sharp drop in the birth rate. The main factor that influenced the refusal to have children during this period is thought to be prolonged social stress. Methods: comparing frequencies of common gene variants associated with stress-induced diseases among generations born before, after, and during this crisis may show which genes may be preferred under the pressure of natural selection during periods of increased social stress in urban populations. Results: In the “crisis” group, a statistically significant difference from the other two groups was found in rs6557168 frequency (p = 0.001); rs4522666 was not in the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in this group, although its frequency did not show a significant difference from the other groups (p = 0.118). Frequencies of VNTRs in SLC6A3 and MAOA as well as common variants rs17689918 in CRHR1, rs1360780 in FKBP5, rs53576 in OXTR, rs12720071 and rs806377 in CNR1, rs4311 in ACE, rs1800497 in ANKK1, and rs7412 and rs429358 in APOE did not differ among the groups. Conclusions: a generation born during a period of prolonged destructive events may differ from the rest of the gene pool of the population in some variants associated with personality traits or stress-related disorders.
Workability of mRNA Sequencing for Predicting Protein Abundance
Authors: Ponomarenko Elena A. , Krasnov George S. , Kiseleva Olga I. , Kryukova Polina A. , Arzumanian Viktoriia A. , Dolgalev Georgii V. , Ilgisonis Ekaterina V. , Lisitsa Andrey V. , Poverennaya Ekaterina V.
Published: November 2023

Transcriptomics methods (RNA-Seq, PCR) today are more routine and reproducible than proteomics methods, i.e., both mass spectrometry and immunochemical analysis. For this reason, most scientific studies are limited to assessing the level of mRNA content. At the same time, protein content (and its post-translational status) largely determines the cell’s state and behavior. Such a forced extrapolation of conclusions from the transcriptome to the proteome often seems unjustified. The ratios of “transcript-protein” pairs can vary by several orders of magnitude for different genes. As a rule, the correlation coefficient between transcriptome–proteome levels for different tissues does not exceed 0.3–0.5. Several characteristics determine the ratio between the content of mRNA and protein: among them, the rate of movement of the ribosome along the mRNA and the number of free ribosomes in the cell, the availability of tRNA, the secondary structure, and the localization of the transcript. The technical features of the experimental methods also significantly influence the levels of the transcript and protein of the corresponding gene on the outcome of the comparison. Given the above biological features and the performance of experimental and bioinformatic approaches, one may develop various models to predict proteomic profiles based on transcriptomic data. This review is devoted to the ability of RNA sequencing methods for protein abundance prediction.
Revisiting the Asian Buffalo Leech (Hirudinaria manillensis) Genome: Focus on Antithrombotic Genes and Their Corresponding Proteins
Authors: Liu Zichao , Zhao Fang , Huang Zuhao , Hu Qingmei , Meng Renyuan , Lin Yiquan , Qi Jianxia , Lin Gonghua
Published: November 2023

Leeches are well-known annelids due to their obligate blood-feeding habits. Some leech species secrete various biologically active substances which have important medical and pharmaceutical value in antithrombotic treatments. In this study, we provided a high-quality genome of the Asian buffalo leech (Hirudinaria manillensis), based on which we performed a systematic identification of potential antithrombotic genes and their corresponding proteins. Combining automatic and manual prediction, we identified 21 antithrombotic gene families including fourteen coagulation inhibitors, three platelet aggregation inhibitors, three fibrinolysis enhancers, and one tissue penetration enhancer. A total of 72 antithrombotic genes, including two pseudogenes, were identified, including most of their corresponding proteins forming three or more disulfide bonds. Three protein families (LDTI, antistasin, and granulin) had internal tandem repeats containing 6, 10, and 12 conserved cysteines, respectively. We also measured the anticoagulant activities of the five identified hirudins (hirudin_Hman1 ~ hirudin_Hman5). The results showed that three (hirudin_Hman1, hirudin_Hman2, and hirudin_Hman5), but not the remaining two, exhibited anticoagulant activities. Our study provides the most comprehensive collection of antithrombotic biomacromolecules from a leech to date. These results will greatly facilitate the research and application of leech derivatives for medical and pharmaceutical purposes in the treatment of thrombotic diseases.
The Regulatory Role of MicroRNAs in Obesity and Obesity-Derived Ailments
Authors: Benavides-Aguilar Javier A. , Torres-Copado Andrea , Isidoro-Sánchez José , Pathak Surajit , Duttaroy Asim K. , Banerjee Antara , Paul Sujay
Published: November 2023

Obesity is a condition that is characterized by the presence of excessive adipose tissue in the body. Obesity has become one of the main health concerns worldwide since it can lead to other chronic ailments, such as type 2 diabetes or fatty liver disease, and it could be an aggravating factor in infections. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression and can play an important role in controlling crucial biological processes involved in the onset of obesity, such as lipogenesis, adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, or the regulation of cytokines and chemokines. Moreover, chemical compounds present in food or food packaging can alter miRNA expression and regulate the aforementioned biological mechanisms related to diabetes onset and progression. Furthermore, therapies, such as bariatric surgery and aerobic exercise training, can also influence the expression profile of miRNAs in obesity. Therefore, the present review provides insight into the current research on the role of miRNAs in obesity and obesity-derived ailments, intending to develop novel therapies to effectively manage these disorders.
Genetic Spectrum and Cascade Screening of Familial Hypercholesterolemia in Routine Clinical Setting in Hong Kong
Authors: Yip Man-Kwan , Kwan Elaine , Leung Jenny , Lau Emmy , Poon Wing-Tat
Published: November 2023

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a prevalent but often underdiagnosed monogenic disorder affecting lipoprotein metabolism, and genetic testing for FH has not been widely conducted in Asia in the past. In this cross-sectional study of 31 probands (19 adults and 12 children) and an addition of 15 individuals (12 adults and 3 children), who underwent genetic testing and cascade screening for FH, respectively, during the period between February 2015 and July 2023, we identified a total of 25 distinct LDLR variants in 71.0% unrelated probands. Among the adult proband cohort, a higher proportion of genetically confirmed cases exhibited a positive family history of premature cardiovascular disease. Treatment intensity required to achieve an approximate 50% reduction in pretreatment low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) exhibited potentially better diagnostic performance compared to pretreatment LDL-C levels, Dutch Lipid Clinic Network Diagnostic Criteria (DLCNC) score, and modified DLCNC score. Adult individuals identified through cascade screening demonstrated less severe phenotypes, and fewer of them met previously proposed local criteria for FH genetic testing compared to the probands, indicating that cascade screening played a crucial role in the early detection of new cases that might otherwise have gone undiagnosed. These findings underscore the significance of genetic testing and cascade screening in the accurate identification and management of FH cases.
Molecular Networks of Platinum Drugs and Their Interaction with microRNAs in Cancer
Authors: Tanabe Shihori , Boonstra Eger , Hong Taehun , Quader Sabina , Ono Ryuichi , Cabral Horacio , Aoyagi Kazuhiko , Yokozaki Hiroshi , Perkins Edward , Sasaki Hiroki
Published: November 2023

The precise mechanism of resistance to anti-cancer drugs such as platinum drugs is not fully revealed. To reveal the mechanism of drug resistance, the molecular networks of anti-cancer drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin, and arsenic trioxide were analyzed in several types of cancers. Since diffuse-type stomach adenocarcinoma, which has epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-like characteristics, is more malignant than intestinal-type stomach adenocarcinoma, the gene expression and molecular networks in diffuse- and intestinal-type stomach adenocarcinomas were analyzed. Analysis of carboplatin revealed the causal network in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The upstream regulators of the molecular networks of cisplatin-treated lung adenocarcinoma included the anti-cancer drug trichostatin A (TSA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor. The upstream regulator analysis of cisplatin revealed an increase in FAS, BTG2, SESN1, and CDKN1A, and the involvement of the tumor microenvironment pathway. The molecular networks were predicted to interact with several microRNAs, which may contribute to the identification of new drug targets for drug-resistant cancer. Analysis of oxaliplatin, a platinum drug, revealed that the SPINK1 pancreatic cancer pathway is inactivated in ischemic cardiomyopathy. The study showed the importance of the molecular networks of anti-cancer drugs and tumor microenvironment in the treatment of cancer resistant to anti-cancer drugs.
Thermal Conductivity of Frozen and Unfrozen Gas-Saturated Soils
Authors: Chuvilin Evgeny , Davletshina Dinara , Bukhanov Boris , Grebenkin Sergey
Published: November 2023

Arctic permafrost often contains gas-saturated horizons. The gas component in freezing and frozen soils can exist under different pressures, which are expected to affect their properties and behavior. The effect of pore gas pressure on the thermal conductivity of frozen and unfrozen silt loam saturated with methane or carbon dioxide at pressures below the hydrate formation conditions is observed in the current study. The variable gas pressure and temperature conditions are simulated in a specially designed pressure cell, which allows thermal conductivity measuring in pressurized samples at positive and negative temperatures. The experiments using natural samples collected near the gas emission crater (Yamal Peninsula) show that thermal conductivity is sensitive to pore gas pressure even at high moisture contents. The thermal conductivity of methane-saturated soil becomes 4% and 6% higher in frozen and unfrozen samples, respectively, as the gas pressure increases from 0.1 MPa to 2 MPa. In the case of CO2 saturation, the respective thermal conductivity increase in frozen and unfrozen samples reaches 25% and 15% upon pressure change from 0.1 to 0.9 MPa. The results stimulate further special studies of the effects of gas type and pressure on the thermal properties of closed gas-saturated taliks, of which the pore pressure is increasing during freezing up.
Prolonged COVID-19 Infection in a Patient with Complete Remission from Follicular Lymphoma with Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome
Authors: Omura Takuya , Katsumi Akira , Kawashima Shuji , Naya Masahiro , Tokuda Haruhiko
Published: November 2023

An 81-year-old woman undergoing B-cell depletion therapy developed COVID-19 and a hyperglycemic hyperosmotic state. She had a history of multiple vaccinations against coronaviruses but had persistent antigen positivity. Strategies to prevent the development of COVID-19 in immunosuppressed patients have not been established. Moreover, there is no standard treatment for prolonged antigen positivity. In this case, we were able to follow IgG antibodies during the course of treatment. The absence of N-IgG antibody titer elevation despite an effective immune response triggered by the vaccine is of great interest. The impaired humoral response observed in patients with lymphoma after anti-CD20 treatment implies the need for a justified different vaccination strategy for these patients. Furthermore, negative N-IgG titers in the immunosuppressed state may serve as an indicator of resistance to therapy.
Policies, Guidelines, and Practices Supporting Women’s Menstruation, Menstrual Disorders and Menopause at Work: A Critical Global Scoping Review
Authors: Howe Danielle , Duffy Sarah , O’Shea Michelle , Hawkey Alex , Wardle Jon , Gerontakos Sophia , Steele Linda , Gilbert Emilee , Owen Lara , Ciccia Donna , Cox Emma , Redmond Rebecca , Armour Mike
Published: November 2023

(1) Objectives: This paper presents a scoping review of global evidence relating to interventions (i.e., policies, practices, guidelines, and legislation) aimed at supporting women to manage menstruation, menstrual disorders, and menopause at work. (2) Methods: Databases including Medline (Ebsco), CINAHL (Ebsco), Scopus, Web of Science, APA PsychInfo (Ebsco), Humanities International Complete (Ebsco), Academic Search Premier (Ebsco), HeinOnline and OSH Update, and Google Scholar were searched in May 2022. (3) Results: Of 1181 unique articles screened, 66 articles are included. Less half of the articles (42%, 28/66) presented/reviewed an intervention related to women’s workplace health. A total of 55 out of the 66 articles are set across 13 countries with the remaining 12 articles described as multi-country studies or reviews. Half of the articles presenting/reviewing an intervention were grey literature, with several undertaken in UK and EU member countries. Interventions focusing on supporting women with menopause at work were the most common (43%, 12/28), followed by menstruation (25%, 7/28) and menstrual disorders (7%, 2/28). Across the reviewed articles, recommendations were categorised as adjustments to the physical work environment, information and training needs, and policy and processes. Few articles explicitly presented or affirmed a design-process and/or evaluation tied to their intervention. In lieu of design-process, this review categorises the rationales driving the development of an intervention as: pronatalist, economic rationalism, gendered occupational health concern, cultural shift towards gender equity objectives, and efforts to reduced shame and stigma. (4) Conclusions: There is a growing body of evidence aimed at understanding women’s experiences of managing their menstrual and reproductive health in the workplace and how this impacts their work/career trajectories. However, little research is explicitly concerned with exploring or understanding interventions, including their design or evaluation. Most articles report menopause guidelines and are typically confined to the UK and EU-member countries. Despite the prevalence of menstrual disorders (e.g., endometriosis and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)) there is limited literature focused on how women might be supported to manage symptoms associated with these conditions at work. Accordingly, future policies should consider how women can be better supported to manage menstruation and menstrual disorders at work and recognise the importance of co-design during policy development and post-intervention evaluation. Further research needs to be undertaken on the impact of workplace policies on both employers and employees.
Community Exercise Program Participation and Mental Well-Being in the U.S. Texas–Mexico Border Region
Authors: Ochoa Del-Toro Alma G. , Mitchell-Bennett Lisa A. , Machiorlatti Michael , Robledo Candace A. , Davé Amanda C. , Lozoya Rebecca N. , Reininger Belinda M.
Published: November 2023

Hispanics are disproportionately affected by low rates of physical activity and high rates of chronic diseases. Hispanics generally and Mexican Americans specifically are underrepresented in research on physical activity and its impact on mental well-being. Some community-based interventions have been effective in increasing physical activity among Hispanics. This study examined data from a sample of low-income Hispanic participants in free community exercise classes to characterize the association between self-reported frequency of exercise class attendance, intensity of physical activity, and participant well-being. As part of two cross-sectional samples recruited from a stratified random sample of community exercise classes, 302 participants completed a questionnaire consisting of a modified version of the Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (LTEQ) and the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF). Adjusted logistic regression analyses indicated that those who achieve mild, moderate, and strenuous self-reported physical activity have 130% higher odds (p = 0.0422) of positive mental well-being after adjustment for age, frequency of attendance, and self-reported health. This study provides evidence that the intensity of physical activity is associated with flourishing mental well-being among Hispanic adults. The association between physical activity and mental well-being is more pronounced when considering participants engaged in mild levels of physical activity. The study further provides insight into the planning and development of community-based physical activity programming tailored to low-income populations.
Exploring Perceived Barriers to Physical Activity among Older Adults Living in Low-Population Density Regions: Gender Differences and Associations with Activity Dimensions
Authors: Rúa-Alonso María , Bovolini Antonio , Costa-Brito Ana Raquel , Vaz Cláudia , Marques Ermelinda , Serra Nuno , Lopes Vítor P. , Vila-Chã Carolina
Published: November 2023

Older people in low-population density regions tend to have fewer resources to engage in regular physical activity (PA) compared to their counterparts in urban areas. Moreover, PA assumes different dimensions, and the amount of PA related to each dimension may differ between women and men, predisposing them to different PA practices. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aims to describe the prevalence of barriers to PA, gender differences, and their associations with different PA dimensions. A total of 259 older adults (153 women and 106 men; age, 75.17 ± 8.05 years old) living in the community in the region of Guarda (Portugal) were interviewed face to face to record their sociodemographic characteristics, general health status (comorbidity index and self-reported health), PA behaviour, and barriers to PA. Women were more likely to report “low” income and living alone (p ≤ 0.05), while men reported a higher negative health status than women (p < 0.05). Two intrinsic (“Fear of injury” (40.1%) and “Need for rest” (26.3%)) and two extrinsic barriers (“Lack of nearby facilities” (30.5%) and “I don’t have transport” (25.6%)) were the most prevalent. For women, age, self-reported health, comorbidity index, and intrinsic and extrinsic barriers were similarly associated with the different PA dimensions. However, only self-reported health and extrinsic barriers were the variables associated with the different PA dimensions in men. Therefore, strategies to promote active ageing in low-population density regions should be focused on reducing intrinsic and extrinsic barriers based on gender and the PA dimension to be achieved.
Acute Effects of Remedial Exercises with and without Compression on Breast-Cancer-Related Lymphedema
Authors: Gülören Gülbala , Doğan Yahya , Özgül Serap , Gürşen Ceren , Çinar Gamze Nalan , İpekten Funda , Akbayrak Türkan
Published: November 2023

Remedial exercises are an important part of the treatment for lymphedema, but there is little evidence to support the acute effects of remedial exercises with or without compression. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how daily (performed within 24 h) remedial exercises with and without compression bandaging acutely affect the severity of lymphedema and its symptoms in breast-cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). In total, 34 patients with BCRL completed three sets of remedial exercises (within 24 h) with and without compression bandaging in a randomized order separated by a 3-day wash-out period. The severity of lymphedema and extracellular water ratio were assessed before and 24 h post exercise by using bilateral circumferential measurements and bioimpedance spectroscopy (in L-dex score), respectively, and the severity of self-reported symptoms (swelling, heaviness, and tightness) was assessed using a visual analogue scale. While there was no difference in all outcomes at 24 h post exercise without compression (p > 0.05), all outcomes decreased significantly compared to baseline at 24 h after the exercise with compression (p < 0.001). The remedial exercises performed in the absence of compression within 24 h do not acutely increase the lymphedema and symptoms in BCRL. These are important preliminary findings, which can be used to inform future prospective evaluation of the long-term effects of remedial exercise performed without compression.
Absenteeism of Healthcare Personnel in the COVID-19 Era: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Implications for the Post-Pandemic Seasons
Authors: Maltezou Helena C. , Ledda Caterina , Sipsas Nikolaos V.
Published: November 2023

This systematic review aimed to assess COVID-19-associated absenteeism among healthcare personnel (HCP). PubMed was searched on 4 February 2023. Inclusion criteria were the presentation of original data on COVID-19-associated absenteeism among HCP. Exclusion criteria were absenteeism associated with burnout, mental health illness, post-COVID syndrome, or child-care. Nineteen articles were identified; fifteen concerned almost exclusively the first pandemic year. Hospitals accounted for most data. There was heterogeneity across studies in terms of presentation of absenteeism data. Before COVID-19 vaccines became available, COVID-19 was a major driver of HCP absenteeism with excess costs, while the mean duration of absenteeism ranged from 5.82 to 33 days per episode of absence. Determinant factors of absenteeism rates were department of employment, high-risk exposure, age, profession, and work experience of HCP, suspected COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 testing, SARS-CoV-2 positivity, and return-to-work strategy. Two studies demonstrated that COVID-19 vaccination significantly reduced the burden of absenteeism. Routine testing of asymptomatic HCP and use of personal protective equipment also significantly ameliorated absenteeism. In conclusion, COVID-19 has been a major driver of HCP absenteeism. Research is needed to assess how COVID-19 will impact HCP in the next years, considering the new SARS-CoV-2 variants, the co-circulation of other respiratory viruses, and the newer COVID-19 vaccines. Networks are needed to survey morbidity and absenteeism among HCP in real-time and guide vaccination policies.
Predicting the Risk of Re-Offending in Child-to-Parent Violence Using the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth
Authors: Ortega-Campos Elena , De la Fuente-Sánchez Leticia , Zaldívar-Basurto Flor , Buestán-Játiva Mery Estefanía , García-García Juan
Published: November 2023

Child-to-parent violence occurs when children engage in violent behaviour towards family members; the principal victim is often the mother. The risk assessment instruments used to identify the risk and protective factors in youth offenders who perpetrate child-to-parent violence are not specific to this type of offense. This study aims to describe the child-to-parent violence group in relation to the risk and protective factors they present in comparison with the group of young people who committed an assault offence. The sample for this study consists of two groups of youth offenders. The first group committed child-to-parent violence, and the second group has committed a violent crime against individuals to whom they are not related. Young people who commit child-to-parent violence have higher scores on the SAVRY risk factors and lower scores on the SAVRY protective factor than young people who have committed an assault offence. The results reveal the importance of identifying the risk and protective factors presented by youth offenders who commit child-to-parent violence in order to create specific intervention programs for the needs and strengths presented by this group of young people.
Deciphering the Involvement of the Epicardium in Cardiac Diseases
Authors: Carmona Rita , López-Sánchez Carmen , García-Martinez Virginio , García-López Virginio , Muñoz-Chápuli Ramón , Lozano-Velasco Estefanía , Franco Diego
Published: November 2023

The epicardium is a very dynamic cardiac layer with pivotal contributions during cardiogenesis, acting in the postnatal period as an apparently dormant single-cell layer. In mammalian embryos, the epicardium, which originates form the proepicardium, translocates into the pericardial cavity and subsequently rests on the surface of the myocardium. Later, it gives rise to the epicardium-derived cells, which migrate into subepicardial space, invade the developing myocardium, promoting its growth, and contribute to different cell types. Anomalies in the process of epicardial development, the generation of epicardium-derived cells and their signaling mechanisms in different experimental models lead to defective cardiac development, reminiscent of human congenital heart diseases. Furthermore, recent studies have reported that epicardial derivates in adults, i.e., epicardial adipose tissue, are associated with electrophysiological cardiovascular anomalies. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art review focusing on both congenital and adult heart diseases associated with epicardial development.
Microbial Load of Hand Sanitizer Dispensers—A University Hospital Study
Authors: Stefanis Christos , Giorgi Elpida , Stavropoulou Elisavet , Voidarou Chrysoula (Chrysa) , Skoufou Maria , Nelli Aikaterini , Tzora Athina , Tsigalou Christina , Bezirtzoglou Eugenia
Published: November 2023

Hospital-acquired infections are a significant concern in healthcare settings, leading to patient safety risks, increased morbidity and mortality, and financial burdens. Hand hygiene is crucial in preventing the spread of bacteria in hospitals and communities. Manual hand sanitizer dispensers can harbor presumptive pathogenic bacteria and act as fomites for bacterial transmission. This study aimed to assess the microbial contamination of manual hand sanitizer dispensers in a hospital setting and to study their antibiotic resistance profiles. Samples were collected using sterile cotton swabs and then inoculated into brain heart infusion broth. Subsequent subcultures were performed on both blood and MacConkey agar. The isolates were then identified using the Bruker MALDI Biotyper (Bruker Daltonik, Bremen, Germany) to the species level. Sampling was conducted in various wards and in the hospital and the University areas on dispenser levers and nozzle areas. The results showed that all samples yielded one or more bacterial species. Bacterial isolates identified belonged to species commonly found on the skin microflora and some Gram-negative enteric bacilli. Higher colonization was observed on the dispenser lever. Among Gram+ microorganisms, most bacterial species were shown to be sensitive to β-lactams, with the exception of Staphylococcus spp., resistant to AMP (Ampicillin) and Penicillin. However, no Methicillin resistant isolates were detected. Gram− microorganisms such as Pseudomonas luteola were shown to be sensitive to all tested antibiotics, while Pantoea agglomerans was shown to be resistant to AMC (amoxicillin–clavulanic acid). Rifampicin tested only against Bacilli showed resistance. Based on the findings, it is recommended to implement systematic cleaning and proper maintenance of manual dispenser areas or to use automated dispensers to reduce hand contact and minimize microbial contamination. Monitoring the presence of microorganisms in hand sanitizing gels and dispensers is an essential infection control strategy.
Health Professionals’ Motivational Strategies to Enhance Adherence in the Rehabilitation of People with Lower Limb Fractures: Scoping Review
Authors: Fernandes Júlio Belo , Ferreira Noélia , Domingos Josefa , Ferreira Rui , Amador Catarina , Pardal Nelson , Castro Cidália , Simões Aida , Fernandes Sónia , Bernardes Catarina , Vareta Diana Alves , Peças Dina , Ladislau Dora , Sousa Natacha , Duarte Andreia , Godinho Catarina
Published: November 2023

Patients with lower limb fractures require rehabilitation but often struggle with adherence to interventions. Adding motivational strategies to rehabilitation programs can increase patient adherence and enhance outcomes. This review aims to identify the motivational strategies used by health professionals in the rehabilitation of people with lower limb fractures. We used Arksey and O’Malley’s methodological framework to structure and conduct this scoping review. The literature search was performed using the Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Nursing & Allied Health, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. The final search was conducted in February 2023. A total of 1339 articles were identified. After selecting and analyzing the articles, twelve studies were included in this review. Health professionals use several strategies to motivate patients with lower limb fractures to adhere to rehabilitation programs. These strategies include building a therapeutic alliance, increasing patients’ health literacy, setting achievable goals, personalizing the rehabilitation program, managing unpleasant sensations of exercise, using persuasion, providing positive reinforcement, avoiding negative emotional stimulation, and helping to seek support. The motivational strategies identified may help professionals to increase patient adherence to rehabilitation for lower limb fractures. This knowledge will allow these professionals to help patients overcome barriers to rehabilitation, enhance their motivation, and ultimately improve their recovery outcomes.
Tobacco Vendors’ Perceptions and Compliance with Tobacco Control Laws in Nigeria
Authors: Fagbule Omotayo F. , Egbe Catherine O. , Ayo-Yusuf Olalekan A.
Published: November 2023

Tobacco vendors are critical stakeholders in the tobacco supply chain. This study examined their perception, compliance, and potential economic impact of Nigeria’s tobacco control laws related to the retail setting. This was a qualitative study involving in-depth interviews of 24 purposively selected tobacco vendors. The face-to-face interviews were aided by a semi-structured interview guide, audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using thematic analysis with NVivo version 12. Five themes emerged, encompassing reasons for selling tobacco, awareness, perception, compliance with tobacco sales laws, the potential economic impact of the laws, and law enforcement activities. Vendors commenced tobacco sales due to consumers’ demand, profit motives, and advice from close family relatives. They were unaware and non-compliant with most of the retail-related laws. Most participants had positive perceptions about the ban on sales to and by minors, were indifferent about the ban on Tobacco Advertising Promotion and Sponsorships (TAPS) and product display, and had negative perceptions about the ban on sales of single sticks. Most vendors stated quitting tobacco sales would not have a serious economic impact on their business. In conclusion, the vendors demonstrated limited awareness and non-compliance with various retail-oriented tobacco control laws in Nigeria. Addressing these gaps requires targeted educational campaigns and effective law enforcement strategies to enhance vendors’ compliance.