bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las integraciones económicas supraestales y los acuerdos entre bloques económicos, en definitiva, la globalización como último embate al concepto racional normativo de constitución
Authors: Guerrero José Luis García
Published: June 2020

Este artículo trata de la cuestión del modelo constitucional tradicional que contiene, en cierto modo, un contenido similar en la mayoría de los Estados democráticos y su relación con el fenómeno de la integración económica supranacional y la globalización, debatir las ideas de un modelo constitucional propuesta universales propuestos por algunas corrientes doctrinales.
Contribuições da didática e da técnica da discussão para o ensino do Direito
Authors: Silva Larissa Tenfen , Oliveira Claudio Ladeira de
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as contribuições da Didática e da técnica de discussão para o ensino do Direito. Para tanto, num primeiro momento será dado destaque a relevância das contribuições da Didática, enquanto ramo da área da Pedagogia, para compreensão e reflexão sobre as relações de ensino e de aprendizagem, cujos atores principais são os alunos e professores. Em seguida serão apontadas várias contribuições que a discussão pode fomentar na relação de ensino-aprendizagem. Desde já fica pontuado que a técnica de discussão quando bem compreendida e conduzida pelos professores de ensino superior, em especial neste caso, nos cursos de Direito, são excelentes instrumentos que não só servem para o desenvolvimento de várias habilidades e competências necessárias aos alunos, tanto em termos profissionais e pessoais, mas que contribuem para uma aula muita mais animada, participativa e instigante, tanto para os alunos, como para os professores, que tem a oportunidade de aprender e lapidar as suas habilidades e sensibilidade profissional.
Sobre la Teoría General unitaria del derecho procesal, algunos elementos a ser tenidos en cuenta para una historia de la disciplina para el ámbito hispanoamericano
Authors: Rodriguez Aram Zaldivar
Published: June 2020

Este artículo pretende hacer algunas reflexiones a partir de la construcción histórica de la Teoría General del derecho procesal en el ámbito hispanoamericano. En esta propuesta, se analizarán los elementos que fueron importantes en esa construcción, partiendo del análisis de la tradición española en la enseñanza de esa materia hasta la consolidación del proceso.
O plano de ação para a criação do Estatuto da Cidadania do Mercosul
Authors: Moura Aline Beltrame de
Published: June 2020

O Mercosul tem estimulado a adoção de políticas regionais tendentes à valorização da sua dimensão social, alcançando uma esfera até pouco tempo marginalizada pelo processo de integração. Nesse sentido, o cidadão emerge como o centro de diversas medidas adotadas com o escopo de tutelar seus interesses e direitos individuais e coletivos. A entrada em vigor dos Acordos de Residência em dez países latino-americanos simboliza e, acima de tudo, materializa, os anseios de uma integração vertical, isto é, que parte da sociedade civil como um todo e alcança a esfera institucional do fenômeno regional. O Plano de Ação para a criação do Estatuto da Cidadania do Mercosul insere-se neste novo contexto, pautado por fortes ideais de solidariedade, todavia, parece encontrar diversos obstáculos de caráter político, por parte dos governos nacionais, a fim de efetivamente levar adiante a proposta e atuar medidas concretas que não se consolidam se pairarem apenas no plano das ideias e do discurso.
Measurement report: Properties of aerosol and gases in the vertical profile during the LAPSE-RATE campaign
Authors: Brus David , Gustafsson Jani , Vakkari Ville , Kemppinen Osku , de Boer Gijs , Hirsikko Anne
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) are increasingly being used as observation platforms for atmospheric applications. The Lower Atmospheric Process Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) in Alamosa, CO, USA during July 14th–20th, 2018 investigated and validated different UASs, measurement sensors and setup configurations. Flight teams from the Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI) and the Kansas State University (KSU) participated in LAPSE-RATE to measure and investigate properties of aerosol particles and gases in the lower atmosphere. During the experiment, the performance of different UAS configurations were investigated and confirmed to operate reliably resulting in a scientifically sound observational dataset. As an example, concentration of aerosols – including two new particle formation events, CO2 and water vapor, and meteorological parameters in the atmospheric vertical profile were measured during the short experiment. Such observations characterizing atmospheric phenomena of this specific environment would have not been possible in any other way, and thus, demonstrate power of UASs as new, promising tools in atmospheric and environmental research.
Accommodating Humankind: Theatrical Space, Poetic Form, and “Dwelling” in The Castle of Perseverance
Authors: Davis Rebecca
Published: June 2020

This article argues that The Castle of Perserverance both explores the problem of worldly dwelling and constructs the play itself as a place to dwell, demonstrating that the idea of “dwelling” is vitally connected to the idea of poetic form. Through the technologies of stagecraft and poetic craft, the play creates a space set apart from the world, much like the castle at its center. Mankind's failure to remain in the Castle reflects the play's emphasis on bodily vulnerability. So too do many poetic parallels that demonstrate both the fragility and the resilience of form. The play's handling of poetic forms—the stanza and the linking devices of rhyme and repetition—reflects an idea of perseverance constituted by pauses, ruptures, and fresh starts. Reading the play as both a poem and a play reveals a self-conscious artifice that uses poetic form to embody theological claims.
“Scientia vera”? Holcot and Chaucer on Astrological Determinism, Magic, Talismans, and Omens
Authors: Cartlidge Neil
Published: June 2020

This article suggests that Robert Holcot's Wisdom commentary served as the immediate source for the House of Fame, 1259–70, and the Parson's Tale, X 603–7. To prepare the ground for these suggestions (which are new), it begins with a discussion of the two authors' (apparently shared) skepticism about the limits of human knowledge. The Chaucerian narrator's reluctance to learn about the stars in the House of Fame (991–1017) reflects the skeptical attitude to human knowledge that Holcot expresses in Lection 98. This lection seems to have provided the model for the list of magical/astrological charlatans in the House of Fame. Chaucer's reference to magical “ymages” is not paralleled in Lection 98, but this is a key topic in Lection 159, which develops Saint Augustine's account of superstitious practices in On Christian Doctrine. The distinctive spin Holcot puts on Augustine's thinking shapes Chaucer's discussion of such practices in the Parson's Tale.
The Persistence of Chaucer's Verses on Footwear in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Cooper-Rompato Christine
Published: June 2020

The popular reception of Chaucer in the nineteenth century includes a short passage from Chaucer's Romaunt of the Rose on well-fitting shoes and boots. The same six verses appeared frequently in British and American newspapers and other periodicals from the 1840s to the 1880s. These texts presented Chaucer as a cultural historian who focused on fashion and well-made footwear, and his verses were invoked for several purposes: to provide humor, to sell boots, to offer a valuable example (both positive and negative) of the history of footwear, and, overall, to forge a connection between Victorian and medieval England by using Chaucer as a supporter of Victorian interests and pursuits.
Unlearnable phonotactics
Authors: Avcu Enes , Hestvik Arild
Published: June 2020

The Subregular Hypothesis (Heinz 2010) states that only patterns with specific subregular computational properties are phonologically learnable. Lai (2015) provided the initial laboratory support for this hypothesis. The current study aimed to replicate and extend the earlier findings by using a different experimental paradigm (oddball task) and a different measure of learning (sensitivity index, d′). Specifically, we compared the learnability of two phonotactic patterns that differ computationally and typologically: a simple rule (“First-Last Assimilation”) that requires agreement between the first and last segment of a word (predicted to be unlearnable), and a harmony rule (“Sibilant Harmony”) that requires the agreement of features throughout the word (predicted to be learnable). The First-Last Assimilation rule was tested under two experimental conditions: one where the training data were also consistent with the Sibilant Harmony rule, and one where the training data were only consistent with the First-Last rule. As in Lai (2015), we found that participants were significantly more sensitive to violations of the Sibilant Harmony (SH) rule than to the First-Last Assimilation (FL) rules. However, unlike Lai (2015), we also found that participants showed some residual sensitivity to the First-Last rule, but that sensitivity interacted with rule type so that participants were significantly more sensitive to SH rule violations. We conclude that participants in Artificial Grammar Learning experiments exhibit evidence of Universal Grammar constraining their learning, but patterns predicted to be unlearnable as a linguistic system can still be learned to some degree, due to non-linguistic learning mechanisms.
Complications of Limb Lengthening With Motorized Intramedullary Nails
Authors: Morrison Stewart G. , Georgiadis Andrew G. , Huser Aaron J. , Dahl Mark T.
Published: June 2020

Intramedullary limb lengthening (LL) is now achievable through motorized intramedullary devices. While this technology mitigates some complications of external-fixation-based lengthening, many complications common to all lengthening procedures persist. New challenges and complications exclusive to this newer technology are also presented. The LL surgeon should be aware of and ready to respond to complications involving device malfunctions, poor local bony and soft-tissue biology, patient compliance, neurovascular compromise, joint instability, regenerate problems, and others. While technology will continue to evolve, study of and adherence to foundational principles of LL will minimize risks and optimize patient outcomes.
Parametric Survival Modeling of Tuberculosis Data- A Case Study of Federal Medical Centre, Bida, Nigeria
Authors: Michael Vincent Abiodun , Bolarinwa Ismaila Adewale
Published: June 2020

The research performed parametric survival analysis of Tuberculosis (TB) data (covering 2010 to 2016) collected from the Federal Medical Centre, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. Three parametric survival models (Exponential, Weibull and Log-logistic) were fitted. The outcome variable was time to recovery from TB infection and four covariates being age, gender, TB type and occupation were involved. Models were estimated by maximum likelihood method and model selection criterion used was the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The exponential and log-logistic models found all covariates statistically insignificant while Weibull found all covariates but TB type significant at 5% level. Based on AIC, Weibull model with AIC of 163.5731 performed best, followed by log-logistic model with AIC of 191.419 and exponential model performed worst, with AIC of 517.9652. The best of fitted models being Weibull suggested that older patients had higher hazards than younger ones, older patients hence, had lower survival times, holding other covariates constant. That is, the older the TB patient, the lower was the time to recovery from TB. Males had higher hazards and hence, lower survival times compared to females. That is, male TB patients recovered faster than the females. Pulmonary TB patients had lower (insignificant) hazards and hence, higher survival times than Respiratory TB patients. TB patients on technical occupation had lower hazards than others and hence, had higher survival times than those whose occupations were considered not technical. The research concluded that age, gender and occupation were the major determinants of recovery period of TB patients. It was recommended that the Management of Federal Medical Centre, Bida, and other organizations involved in TB management could make use of the Weibull model to fit and predict both the survival and hazard rates of TB patients.
Het Wetsvoorstel franchise: verbeterd, maar nog steeds werk aan de winkel
Authors: Schelhaas H.N. , Spanjaard J.H.M.
Published: June 2020

Het Wetsvoorstel franchise: verbeterd, maar nog steeds werk aan de winkel

Nadat eerdere voorontwerpen uit 2017 en 2018 kritisch werden onthaald tijdens de internetconsultatie, heeft de wetgever toch een wetsvoorstel voorgelegd aan de Tweede Kamer. Het voorontwerp uit 2018 diende als blauwdruk. In dit artikel wordt het wetsvoorstel besproken. De auteurs gaan in op de ratio legis, de precontractuele informatieverplichting en de goodwillplicht. Deze onderwerpen bespreken zij tegen de achtergrond van de huidige wettelijke regelingen, doctrine en rechtspraak.
Inspection of the lightning condition at pedestrians crossings
Authors: Wocial Adrianna , Tomczuk Piotr , Wytrykowska Anna , Chrzanowicz Marcin
Published: June 2020

The article relates to the problem of numerous accidents on pedestrian crossings on Polish roads, caused mainly by incorrect lighting. Adduced statistics show that a significant number of accidents involving pedestrians occur at pedestrian crossings, which mostly happen during the winter months and hours, which lack solar lighting. These factors show how vital for pedestrian safety is proper lighting. Disturbing statistics have contributed to taking the preventive steps by conducting road safety audits and lighting condition as-sessment in Warsaw in 2016. The article describes the procedure of safety audits carried out in the form of local visions by the use of specialized measurement tools at selected pe-destrian crossings and factors that should be considered when assessing the lighting status of pedestrian crossings. The results of measurements of vertical lighting intensity at pedes-trian crossings, measured for two directions of vehicle traffic, were analyzed. The state of illumination of pedestrian crossings was classified based on the subjective, objective, and final assessment introduced. Comments and recommendations regarding the improvement of the lighting condition at pedestrian crossings were summarized. The conclusions of the final report on the lighting of pedestrian crossings in Warsaw districts were presented, based on which classified the risk factors. After analyzing the obtained measurement re-sults and subjective assessments of auditors, corrective actions were proposed to improve the safety of people at pedestrian crossings.
Design Principles for Examining Student Practices in a Technology-Mediated Environment
Authors: Lovett Jennifer N. , McCulloch Allison W. , Dick Lara K. , Cayton Charity
Published: June 2020

In this article, we present a set of design principles to guide the development of instructional materials aimed to support preservice secondary mathematics teachers (PSMTs) examining student practices in technology-mediated environments. To develop design principles, we drew on the literature related to technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK; Niess, 2005), video cases as learning objects (Sherin & van Es, 2005), and professional noticing (Jacobs, et al., 2010). After presenting the design principles, we share a task created using these design principles. Finally, we share PSMTs’ reflections about changes in their own understanding after examining students’ practices. Their responses provide insights into the usefulness of the design principles for deepening PSMTs’ mathematical knowledge and knowledge of students’ understanding, thinking, and learning with technology.
Potential of rice straw biochar, sulfur and ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in remediating soil contaminated with nickel through irrigation with untreated wastewater
Authors: Hashem Inas A. , Abbas Aonalah Y. , Abd El-Hamed Abo El-Nasr H. , Salem Haythum M.S. , El-hosseiny Omr E.M. , Abdel-Salam Mohamed A. , Saleem Muhammad Hamzah , Zhou Wenbing , Hu Ronggui
Published: June 2020

Background

Untreated wastewater carries substantial amount of heavy metals and causes potential ecological risks to the environment, food quality, soil health and sustainable agriculture.

Methodology

In order to reduce the incidence of nickel (Ni2+) contamination in soils, two separate experiments (incubation and greenhouse) were conducted to investigate the potentials of rice straw biochar and elemental sulfur in remediating Ni2+ polluted soil due to the irrigation with wastewater. Five incubation periods (1, 7, 14, 28 and 56 days), three biochar doses (0, 10 and 20 g kg−1 of soil) and two doses of sulfur (0 and 5 g kg−1 of soil) were used in the incubation experiment then the Ni2+ was extracted from the soil and analyzed, while ryegrass seeds Lolium perenne L. (Poales: Poaceae) and the same doses of biochar and sulfur were used in the greenhouse experiment then the plants Ni2+-uptake was determined.

Results

The results of the incubation experiment revealed a dose-dependent reduction of DTPA-extractable Ni2+ in soils treated with biochar. Increasing the biochar dose from 0 g kg−1 (control) to 10 or 20 g kg−1 (treatments) decreased the DTPA-extractable Ni2+ from the soil by 24.6% and 39.4%, respectively. The application of sulfur increased the Ni2+-uptake by ryegrass plant which was used as hyper-accumulator of heavy metals in the green house experiment. However, the biochar decreased the Ni2+-uptake by the plant therefore it can be used as animal feed.

Conclusions

These results indicate that the biochar and sulfur could be applied separately to remediate the Ni2+-contaminated soils either through adsorbing the Ni2+ by biochar or increasing the Ni2+ availability by sulfur to be easily uptaken by the hyper-accumulator plant, and hence promote a sustainable agriculture.
DiscoSnp-RAD: de novo detection of small variants for RAD-Seq population genomics
Authors: Gauthier Jérémy , Mouden Charlotte , Suchan Tomasz , Alvarez Nadir , Arrigo Nils , Riou Chloé , Lemaitre Claire , Peterlongo Pierre
Published: June 2020

Restriction site Associated DNA Sequencing (RAD-Seq) is a technique characterized by the sequencing of specific loci along the genome that is widely employed in the field of evolutionary biology since it allows to exploit variants (mainly Single Nucleotide Polymorphism—SNPs) information from entire populations at a reduced cost. Common RAD dedicated tools, such asSTACKSorIPyRAD, are based on all-vs-all read alignments, which require consequent time and computing resources. We present an original method, DiscoSnp-RAD, that avoids this pitfall since variants are detected by exploiting specific parts of the assembly graph built from the reads, hence preventing all-vs-all read alignments. We tested the implementation on simulated datasets of increasing size, up to 1,000 samples, and on real RAD-Seq data from 259 specimens ofChiastochetaflies, morphologically assigned to seven species. All individuals were successfully assigned to their species using both STRUCTURE and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic reconstruction. Moreover, identified variants succeeded to reveal a within-species genetic structure linked to the geographic distribution. Furthermore, our results show that DiscoSnp-RAD is significantly faster than state-of-the-art tools. The overall results show that DiscoSnp-RAD is suitable to identify variants from RAD-Seq data, it does not require time-consuming parameterization steps and it stands out from other tools due to its completely different principle, making it substantially faster, in particular on large datasets.
Plasma membrane proteomic analysis by TMT-PRM provides insight into mechanisms of aluminum resistance in tamba black soybean roots tips
Authors: Wei Yunmin , Jiang Caode , Han Rongrong , Xie Yonghong , Liu Lusheng , Yu Yongxiong
Published: June 2020

Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soil is a worldwide agricultural problem that inhibits crop growth and productivity. However, the signal pathways associated with Al tolerance in plants remain largely unclear. In this study, tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomic methods were used to identify the differentially expressed plasma membrane (PM) proteins in Tamba black soybean (TBS) root tips under Al stress. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD017160. In addition, parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) was used to verify the protein quantitative data. The results showed that 907 PM proteins were identified in Al-treated plants. Among them, compared to untreated plants, 90 proteins were differentially expressed (DEPs) with 46 up-regulated and 44 down-regulated (fold change > 1.3 or < 0.77, p < 0.05). Functional enrichment based on GO, KEGG and protein domain revealed that the DEPs were associated with membrane trafficking and transporters, modifying cell wall composition, defense response and signal transduction. In conclusion, our results highlight the involvement of GmMATE13, GmMATE75, GmMATE87 and H+-ATPase in Al-induced citrate secretion in PM of TBS roots, and ABC transporters and Ca2+ have been implicated in internal detoxification and signaling of Al, respectively. Importantly, our data provides six receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) as candidate proteins for further investigating Al signal transmembrane mechanisms.
Bolivia – Chile: Integración con contenidos dispares
Authors: Ovando Cristian Andrés , Aranda Gilberto
Published: June 2020

Este trabajo aborda las ideas y valores que subyacen a las políticas exteriores de Chile y Bolivia. Profundiza en los roles que le asignan a la integración y cooperación regionales, a partir de las preferencias y visiones de mundo que exponen los gobiernos de Evo Morales, Michel Bachelet y Sebastián Piñera entre 2006 y 2012. Para explorar estas tendencias, analizamos una serie de discursos presidenciales expuestos en distintas instancias internacionales y domésticas. Partimos de la premisa que señala que la participación de ambos países en distintos procesos de integración y concertación regionales, desde una práctica que involucra a varios países ubicados en el continente, deja en evidencia que no coinciden en sus énfasis, sobre todo en las materias referidas a los desafíos internacionales actuales en torno al comercio y cooperación internacionales, y en sus perspectivas del desarrollo en un contexto de crisis del modelo neoliberal. Concluimos que este fenómeno actual trae como consecuencia el surgimiento de un modelo de integración con contenidos dispares en el continente, es decir, en el que prevalecen roles distintos, de crucial importancia, respecto a sus posiciones y estrategias de inserción internacional, repercutiendo en las acciones y respuestas hacia el escenario internacional.
Modernidad: cuerpos envejecidos, ¿sujetos envejecidos?
Authors: Ríos Segovia Patricio
Published: June 2020

El artículo presenta una reflexión crítica del envejecimiento y la vejez. En un primer apartado, se discute y se pone en evidencia el principio básico en el cual descansa el discurso geronto geriátrico de la modernidad, base de la marginación de las personas mayores. Luego se recoge el tratamiento del cuerpo a lo largo de la formación de las sociedades occidentales que culmina con la modernidad y, en ella, con el reinado del individuo y una vivencia dual del cuerpo. Asimismo, el artículo destaca la centralidad de la materialidad del cuerpo en el proceso del envejecimiento y el centramiento de la modernidad en un cuerpo joven casi inmortal que suprime al sujeto. Consecuencias básicas: i) desconocimiento del sujeto de la clase de edad de la vejez; ii) desatención severa del proceso de envejecimiento. Se finaliza con la identificación de algunos déficits de la gestión del envejecimiento en la modernidad.
Alcances de la adopción homoparental a la luz del interés superior del niño
Authors: Basoalto Riveros Constanza Pamela
Published: June 2020

Si la adopción busca propiciar al adoptado el mejor entorno posible para su crianza, educación y cuidado, la real pregunta sobre la admisibilidad de la adopción homoparental es si esta perjudica o no el resguardo del interés superior del niño. Por ello, este trabajo brinda diversas razones jurídicas y no jurídicas para arribar a una conclusión, examinando algunos de los conceptos involucrados en la problematización, como también las inconsistencias de los argumentos que rechazan la procedencia de la misma. Se sostiene, por tanto, que tales razonamientos fracasan en formular objeciones persuasivas a la crianza homoparental.
Vale o quanto Custa? Um Estudo sobre a Relação entre a Capacidade Institucional dos Tribunais de Contas Subnacionais Brasileiros e a Qualidade das Políticas Públicas de seus Respectivos Estados
Authors: Ferreira Thiago Augusto de Oliveira Marinho
Published: June 2020

O controle é um ato ou momento político central de um ciclo mais amplo da representação democrática. Para assegurar que os representantes, uma vez à frente de seus cargos, pautem sua conduta pelo “melhor interesse de seus representados”, é necessário haver instrumentos efetivos e continuados de controle. No Brasil, a Constituição Federal conferiu aos Tribunais de Contas o desafio de controlar suas contas públicas. Mas qual é a relação entre o fortalecimento do controle dos gastos públicos – a partir de uma maior capacidade institucional destes órgãos de controle – e a qualidade das políticas públicas oferecidas aos cidadãos? O presente artigo se propõe a investigá-la. Para tanto, o desenho de pesquisa combina estatística descritiva e multivariada para analisar um banco de dados original elaborado com informações obtidas de diferentes fontes. Em particular, operacionaliza-se a capacidade institucional dos Tribunais de Contas subnacionais brasileiros a partir das seguintes variáveis:orçamento, pessoal e contas julgadas irregulares. Não obstante, utiliza-se a análise fatorial para definir os indicadores relativos à qualidade das políticas públicas de saúde e educação de seus respectivos Estados, no ano de 2010. Dentre as variáveis analisadas, os resultados preliminares sugerem que o fortalecimento do controle dos gastos públicos está positivamente correlacionado com a qualidade das políticas públicas oferecidas aos cidadãos.
Capacidad jurídica de las personas con discapacidad: ¿Derecho fundamental absoluto?
Authors: Cristancho Díaz José Reynel
Published: June 2020

En el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos, el recono-cimiento y protección de los derechos de las personas con discapacidad ha surtido una interesante evolución, pasando de ser un tema marginal a uno de la agenda central en las Naciones Unidas, en especial luego de la entrada en vigor de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad. Este instrumento internacional consagra la capacidad jurídica como un derecho fundamental de carácter absoluto, pues, de acuerdo a la interpretación de su contenido y alcance, este derecho no puede ser limitado de ninguna forma. En este orden, el presente artículo pone en evidencia lo equivocado de esta postu-ra al demostrar la existencia de casos en los que la limitación de este derecho se constituye en una medida de protección necesaria para un grupo muy reducido de personas con discapacidad, sin que esto denote discriminación alguna.
Um debate teórico da tipificação do modelo de partido anarquista
Authors: Lima Rocha Bruno
Published: June 2020

O modelo que apresentamos em particular não se trata de uma no-vidade para o universo da política. Se os estudos sobre o tema são novos ou inexistentes, se este formato de organização política não se transformara em objeto estudo, isto se deu devido à correlação de forças no interior do campo e da academia e da ausência de transposição dos debates travados na esquerda mundial para o universo acadêmico. Este modelo aborda a organização política de militantes especificamente aderentes a um corpo ideológico-doutrinário. Por não ser de massas, em contraposição, está no formato de quadros, sem filiação aberta e cujo grau de compromisso dá-se através dos círculos concêntricos. Tal modalidade ganha definições ao longo de sua história, tais como: organicismo, plataformismo, especifismo; todas identificadas também como a definição de partido anarquista (federação específica).
La reutilización del agua en el ámbito de la economía circular y sostenibilidad
Authors: Da Silva Antunes de Souza Maria Claudia , Luiz Pazold Cesar
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo tiene como propósito dar luz sobre la consolidación de la reutilización del agua en el ámbito de la economía circular en Brasil, destacando experiencias en España, como recurso estratégico convencional y contribuidor para la efectividad de la sostenibilidad. El presente estudio está dividido en dos momentos: el primero trata sobre la realidad brasilera sobre la reutilización del agua en la Economía Circular. El segundo trata sobre las contribuciones de España sobre las aguas residuales, como factor contribuidor para la efectivización de la Sostenibilidad. Se concluye que la reutilización del agua es un modelo de referencia útil en Brasil, aunque poco aplicado. El po-tencial de reutilización es un hecho indiscutible, pero su consolidación como recurso estratégico convencional es un desafío que fuerza a todos los actores a accionar de forma coordinada y con rigidez en el planeamiento de acciones futuras. La experiencia española en este sector está muy avanzada, en la cual los actores involucrados contribuyen para la concreción de este proceso, hay un aparato normativo y administrativo estructurado, mientras que Brasil care-ce de legislación específica. En cuanto a la metodología, fue utilizada la base lógica inductiva por medio de la investigación bibliográfica y documental.
Optimization of Operation Strategy for Collection Systems of Biohazard Wastes in Hospitals Based on Autonomous Robots: A Heuristic Approach
Authors: Bányai Tamás , Maral Izteleuova , Illés Béla , Bányai Ágota , Tamás Péter
Published: June 2020

The increasing rate of hospital admission led to increased volume of both municipal and biohazard wastes. The fourth industrial revolution opens up new perspectives to improve the conventional processes of hospitals and other institutions of health care systems. The application of new technologies integrated into the solutions of Industry 4.0 makes it possible to improve the efficiency of processes of hospitals not only in the field of medicine, but also in the field of other services, like logistics and supply chain. Within the frame of this article the authors are focusing on the development of new operation strategies for biohazard waste collection in hospitals using smart bins and autonomous waste collection vehicles/robots. The literature review helps to identify research gaps in the field of biohazard waste collection in hospitals. After that, the article describes the mathematical model of the waste collection system including smart bins, autonomous collection vehicles, users (patients and health professionals). The mathematical model has a time-based objective function, while time-, capacity- and safety-related constraints are also taken into consideration. The mathematical problem is an NP-hard problem; therefore, we use the non-linear regression and evolutive options of Excel Solver to find the optimal solution. The numerical scenarios validate the model and show the advantages of using new technologies in health care institutes, like hospitals.
Degradative Ability of Silver Particles Synthesized by Gram-negative Bacteria of Some Crops Rhizosphere on Crude Oil Polluted Soil
Authors: Ekundayo F. O. , Orisadipe D. B. , Onifade I. A.
Published: June 2020

Aim: To degrade the crude oil polluted soil with silver particles synthesized by some Gram negative rhizosphere bacteria of cocoa, orange and timber obtained from Idanre, Ondo State, Nigeria.

Place and Duration of Study: Soil samples were obtained from Idanre, Ondo State while crude oil polluted soil samples were obtained from Zion town in Ese- Odo at Ilaje, Ondo State, between June and September 2018. Also, Bonnylight Crude oil was collected from Warri in Nigeria. This research work was carried out at the Department of Microbiology Laboratory, Federal University of Technology, Akure.

Methodology: Soil samples (rhizosphere) were collected in sterile polythene bags and tightly packed and transported for analysis. The types and loads of bacteria present in the soil samples were determined. Identification and characterization of various bacterial isolates were based on Gram staining techniques and different biochemical tests. The physicochemical properties of the crude oil polluted soil were determined. The microbial biomass and the synthesis of silver particles were carried out while the bioremediation of the crude oil polluted soil with the silver particles which were performed in triplicate. Also, bioremediation of crude oil with the bacterial isolates were performed in triplicate. Five millilitres (5 ml) of silver particles produced was inoculated into 50 g of sterilized crude oil polluted soil in a plastic container with 5ml of basal medium and 3 ml of the harvested cells of the isolates was inoculated into 10 ml of the basal medium with 30ml of crude oil in a conical flask. The unsterilized soil without inoculum and silver particles were served as control, also crude oil without inoculum and silver nanoparticles were served as a control.

Results: Citrobacter freundii, Yersinia pestis, Edwardsiella tarda, were isolated from rhizosphere of cocoa. Serratia marcescens, Providencia stuatii were isolated from rhizosphere of orange while Enterobacter agglutinate, Moellerella wisconsis were isolated from rhizosphere of timber. The silver particles bioremediation on polluted soil ranges were recorded within 5 days interval for 30 days. It was deduced that Enterobacter sp appeared to be the fastest on polluted soil followed by Citrobacter sp, Providencia sp, Serratia sp and Yersinia sp.

Conclusion: Findings from this study revealed the effects of rhizosphere Gram negative bacteria in cleaning up crude oil polluted soil environment and the usefulness of silver particles in remediating hydrocarbon polluted soil.
Residential Population Structure and Abundance of Nilgai, Boselaphus tragocamelus, (Pallas) in Bihar, India
Authors: Prasad Suday , Singh D. K. , Choudhary S. K.
Published: June 2020

Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) is one of the most discussed animals after cow in agrarian society of India. However, conflict between farmers and Nilgai due to its habitat loss and the increased damage to the crops by this wild species in the agricultural lands. Present paper deals with the study conducted on the population structure, size group and abundance of Nilgai inhabiting Shahabad region in Dumraon (Buxar) Bihar, India from January, 2014 to December, 2015. Survey was performed in the morning to evening time on the specific days by motorcycle and walking, where, there was no local footpath due to difficult, undulated study area. The direct methods utilized sighting of animals carefully from a close distance and behavior of the animal were observed. During the course of study 07 herds with total 407 numbers of Nilgai were counted through direct sighting with from closed distance. The density of Nilgai was found under 431.10 acre are as covered in Haryana Cattle Breeding Farm (HCBF) and its surrounding in Dumraon. The sex ratio of Nilgai with age group structure of the population was represented in percentage. Female biased adult male, ratio was found 1:3. While overall sex ratio was found 14.25% male, 38.57% female, 9.58% semi adult male, 20.15% semi adult female, and 18.46% calves respectively. Female Nilgai has been observed social like behavior and grazing with juveniles in a group but males were found in scattered form. Nilgai migrate for food towards agricultural land during dusk and return to HCBF with less human activity during dawn. This shows mark migration behavior during summer and rainy season. Some Nilgai migrations were observed for searching food and water during summer from south upward plain region of Dumraon to low-lying north plain area near Bhagar oxbow lake Simri, Chakki and Brahampur.
Update of the Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Infection, COVID-19, and Mortality in Mexico Until May 15, 2020: An Ecological Study
Authors: Padilla-Raygoza Nicolás , Sandoval-Salazar Cuauhtémoc , Díaz-Becerril Luis-Antonio , Beltrán-Campos Vicente , Díaz-Martínez Daniel Alberto , Navarro-Olivos Efraín , Gallardo-Luna María de Jesús , Magos-Vazquez Francisco J , León-Verdin Ma Guadalupe
Published: June 2020

Aims: Disease for a novel coronavirus has been a big public health challenge around the world in the past several months. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemic and report the number of confirmed cases and deaths of disease for a novel coronavirus in Mexico until May 15, 2020.

Study Design:  Ecological study.

Place and Duration of Study: Registries of confirmed cases for disease for a novel coronavirus in Mexican population during January and until May 15, 2020, from National System of Epidemiological Surveillance/ General Direction of Epidemiology/ Secretary of Health, Mexico.

Methodology: Based on the database of confirmed cases of disease for a novel coronavirus by Secretary of Health in Mexico, we collected data on age, gender, and deaths, and co-morbidities. As of May 15, 2020, 45,032 cases have been identified in Mexico. 

Results: The first confirmed case in Mexico has been identified on January 8, 2020 and the incidence has been rising from the end of February and throughout March. The early confirmed cases were imported cases resulting from travel to USA, Italy, Germany, Spain, France and Singapore. No one travelled to China. No cases of community transmission have been reported. The cause-specific mortality rate was 10.59% and the possibility to death is three times more if comorbidities are in the patient.

Conclusion: The frequency of confirmed cases of disease for a novel coronavirus in Mexico are concerning and the health authorities in Mexico are waiting for the peak of the epidemiological curve to occur in May. The mortality is high with co-morbidities.
Chemical Fingerprinting of Nauclea latifolia, an Antidiabetic Plant, Using GC-MS
Authors: Mgbeje Bob I. A. , Abu Caroline
Published: June 2020

Aim: Earlier studies have established the antidiabetic activity of Nauclea latifolia. The aim of this study was to obtain chemical fingerprints of the ethanolic extracts of Nauclea latifolia leaf using Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS), in order to assure proper identification of the plant and to evaluate its phytochemical composition using GC-MS. It was also aimed at unravelling the phytochemical constituents responsible for its antidiabetic activities.

Methodology: The phytochemicals in the plant leaves were extracted by cold maceration in ethanol and subjected to GC-MS analysis.

Results: Chromatograms showed 51 peaks of identified phytochemical compounds. The GC-MS analysis also revealed sixteen (16) active antidiabetic phytochemicals namely: Pentanoic acid 4-oxo- ethyl ester, 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol, Triethyl citrate, Quinic acid, 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, Phytol, Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, Vitamin E, Campesterol, Stigmasterol, Gamma-sitosterol.

Conclusion: The GC-MS profile provides a suitable chemical fingerprint to assure proper identification of the Nauclea latifolia plant. Sixteen (16) active phytochemicals of the plant leaf are known to have antidiabetic activities; these could be used as a basis for standardization of the plant preparations for diabetes therapy.
Prevention and treatment of radiotherapy‐induced side effects
Authors: Barazzuol Lara , Coppes Rob P. , van Luijk Peter
Published: June 2020

Radiotherapy remains a mainstay of cancer treatment, being used in roughly 50% of patients. The precision with which the radiation dose can be delivered is rapidly improving. This precision allows the more accurate targeting of radiation dose to the tumor and reduces the amount of surrounding normal tissue exposed. Although this often reduces the unwanted side effects of radiotherapy, we still need to further improve patients’ quality of life and to escalate radiation doses to tumors when necessary. High‐precision radiotherapy forces one to choose which organ or functional organ substructures should be spared. To be able to make such choices, we urgently need to better understand the molecular and physiological mechanisms of normal tissue responses to radiotherapy. Currently, oversimplified approaches using constraints on mean doses, and irradiated volumes of normal tissues are used to plan treatments with minimized risk of radiation side effects. In this review, we discuss the responses of three different normal tissues to radiotherapy: the salivary glands, cardiopulmonary system, and brain. We show that although they may share very similar local cellular processes, they respond very differently through organ‐specific, nonlocal mechanisms. We also discuss how a better knowledge of these mechanisms can be used to treat or to prevent the effects of radiotherapy on normal tissue and to optimize radiotherapy delivery.
On a Highly Reproducible, Broadband Nanocomposite Ultrasonic Film Sensor Fabricated by Ultrasonic Atomization‐Assisted Spray Coating
Authors: Guan Ruiqi , Zou Fangxin , Weng Zengsheng , Zhou Pengyu , Liao Yaozhong , Su Zhongqing , Huang Lin
Published: June 2020

Owing to their physical flexibilities and high sensitivities to dynamic strains, nanocomposite film sensors are explored extensively to achieve condition monitoring of engineering structures. However, the existing nanocomposite sensors for acquiring ultrasonic waves struggle to attain wide applications due to their notably low reproducibility and consequent poor stabilities in sensitivity. Herein, a highly reproducible carbon black/polyvinylpyrrolidone nanocomposite ultrasonic sensor is fabricated by ultrasonic atomization‐assisted spray coating. To maximize sensitivity and stability, the spraying ink is carefully designed, and the spray coating process is systematically optimized, resulting in a precisely controlled fabrication process, which warrants a high uniformity in the coalescence of sensor films and in the establishment of quantum tunneling networks inside sensors. Benefitted from an even distribution of quantum tunneling paths, the piezoresistive nanostructure of the proposed sensor exhibits an exceptional sensitivity to ultrasonic waves over a broad frequency bandwidth of up to 500 kHz. Also, both the sensitivity and the stability of the proposed sensor outperform those of sensors that are fabricated by other reported forming techniques. The superior reproducibility of the sensor is crucial to promoting it to real‐world applications.
n‐Type Quinoidal Oligothiophene‐Based Semiconductors for Thin‐Film Transistors and Thermoelectrics
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Zhu Xiaozhang
Published: June 2020

Organic electronic devices have gained immense popularity in the last 30 years owing to their increasing performance. Organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs) are one of the basic organic electronic devices with potential industrial applications. Another class of devices called organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials can directly transform waste heat into usable electrical power without causing any pollution. p‐Type transistors outperform n‐type transistors because the latter requires a lower orbital energy level for efficient electron injection and stable electron transport under ambient conditions. Aromatic building blocks can be utilized in constructing n‐type semiconductors. Quinoidal compounds are another promising platform for optoelectronic applications because of their unique properties. Since their discovery in 1970s, quinoidal oligothiophene‐based n‐type semiconductors have drawn considerable attention as candidates for high‐performance n‐type semiconductors in OTFTs and OTEs. Herein, the development history of quinoidal oligothiophene‐based semiconductors is summarized, with a focus on the molecular design and the influence of structural modification on molecular packing and thus the device performance of the corresponding quinoidal oligothiophene‐based semiconductors. Insights on the potential of quinoidal oligothiophenes for high‐performance n‐type OTFTs and OTEs are also provided.
Single‐Atom Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Applications
Authors: Zhang Qiaoqiao , Guan Jingqi
Published: June 2020

The recent advances in electrocatalysis for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), and nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) are thoroughly reviewed. This comprehensive review focuses on the single‐atom catalysts (SACs) including Sc, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sn, W, Bi, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, and Au with single‐metal sites or dual‐metal sites. The recent development of single‐atom electrocatalysts with novel configurations and compositions is documented. The understanding of the process–structure–property relationships is highlighted. For the SACs, their electrocatalytic performance and stability in fuel cells, zinc–air batteries, electrolyzers, CO2RR, and NRR are summarized. The challenges and perspectives in the emerging field of single‐atom electrocatalysis are discussed.
Strain‐Engineered Anisotropic Optical and Electrical Properties in 2D Chiral‐Chain Tellurium
Authors: Wang Yixiu , Yao Shukai , Liao Peilin , Jin Shengyu , Wang Qingxiao , Kim Moon J. , Cheng Gary J. , Wu Wenzhuo
Published: June 2020

Atomically thin materials, leveraging their low‐dimensional geometries and superior mechanical properties, are amenable to exquisite strain manipulation with a broad tunability inaccessible to bulk or thin‐film materials. Such capability offers unexplored possibilities for probing intriguing physics and materials science in the 2D limit as well as enabling unprecedented device applications. Here, the strain‐engineered anisotropic optical and electrical properties in solution‐grown, sub‐millimeter‐size 2D Te are systematically investigated through designing and introducing a controlled buckled geometry in its intriguing chiral‐chain lattice. The observed Raman spectra reveal anisotropic lattice vibrations under the corresponding straining conditions. The feasibility of using buckled 2D Te for ultrastretchable strain sensors with a high gauge factor (≈380) is further explored. 2D Te is an emerging material boasting attractive characteristics for electronics, sensors, quantum devices, and optoelectronics. The results suggest the potential of 2D Te as a promising candidate for designing and implementing flexible and stretchable devices with strain‐engineered functionalities.