bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing meniscal repair with tough adhesive puncture sealing (TAPS) suture: A proof‐of‐concept study on bovine cadaveric knees
Authors: Lamer Stephanie , Mazy David , Nault Marie‐Lyne
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The objective was to use cyclic tensile loading to compare the gap formation at suture site of three different suture materials to repair bovine radial meniscal tears: (1) polyglactin sutures, (2) tough adhesive puncture sealing (TAPS) sutures and (3) ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) sutures.

Methods

Twelve ex vivo bovine knees were dissected to retrieve the menisci. Complete radial tears were performed on 24 menisci, which were then separated into three groups and repaired using either pristine 2–0 polyglactin sutures, TAPS sutures (2–0 polyglactin sutures coated with adhesive chitosan/alginate hydrogels) or 2‐0 UHMWPE sutures with a single stitch. The repaired menisci were clamped onto an Instron machine and underwent cyclic loading between 5 and 25 N at a frequency of 0.16 Hz. Gap formation between the edges of the tear was measured after 500 cycles using an electronic caliper, when the meniscus was still on the Instron without any load applied.

Results

Mean gap formation was 5.22 mm (±1.70) for the 2–0 polyglactin sutures, 2.48 mm (±0.25) for the TAPS sutures, and 4.85 mm (±1.55) for the 2–0 UHMWPE sutures. The gap was significantly smaller in the TAPS sutures group compared to the two others because of better force dispersion, decreasing tissue damage by suture indentation and potentially leading to better meniscal healing.

Conclusions

From a biomechanical standpoint, coated sutures held the edges of radial meniscal tears closer together compared to conventional sutures. This technology has the potential to reduce tissue damage and improve the success rate of meniscal repairs.

Level of Evidence

controlled laboratory study.
Future Organizational Identification: Visionary Leadership Gives Me Foresight to Identify With My Organization in the Future
Authors: Wang Ting , Lam Wing , Chen Ziguang , Yu Qionglei , Geng Xiaowei
Published: December 2024

This research introduces the concept of future organizational identification (FOI), an extension of organizational identification (OI) that emphasizes its forward‐looking aspect. FOI refers to an individual's projection of their self‐definition based on the continuity of their organizational membership. Drawing on construal level theory (CLT) and a future‐oriented approach, this research investigates how visionary leadership, which offers vision communication and vision of continuity, may enhance followers' FOI through future focus. Study 1, comprising Studies 1a and 1b, validates the measurement of FOI in workplace contexts. With a three‐wave, time‐lagged investigation, Study 2 demonstrates that leaders' vision communication fosters followers' FOI by promoting future focus, and vision of continuity positively moderates this mediation effect. These findings advance literature on organizational identification, visionary leadership, and CLT. We conclude by discussing the theoretical and practical implications of our findings and proposing directions for future research.
Creativity: Exploring Factor Structure of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking in Chinese Preschoolers
Authors: Xu Xinpei , Chen Yu , Ye Xiaolin , Zhang Jinghui , Luan Jinxin , Li Yan
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the structural exploration of creativity in Chinese preschoolers using the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking‐Figural (TTCT‐Figural). The participants were 256 children aged 4–6 from a public kindergarten in Shanghai, with an average age of 4.79 years (SD = 0.63). Building upon prior research and integrating Kirton's Adaptive‐Innovative theory, this study examined both single‐factor and two‐factor models. The results indicated that the superiority of the two‐factor models over the single‐factor model, with optimal fit indicating fluency and originality loading on the innovative factor and elaboration, abstractness of titles, and creative strengths loaded on the adaptive factor. Resistance to premature closure was found to load on both adaptive and innovative factors. Gender invariance analysis indicated no significant differences between boys and girls, highlighting the consistency of the creativity construct regardless of gender. The confirmatory factor analyses underscored the efficacy of the two‐factor model, offering valuable insights into the creative thinking processes of Chinese preschoolers assessed through TTCT‐Figural. These findings enhance our understanding of creativity in early childhood education, emphasizing the significance of gender‐neutral creativity evaluations at this developmental stage.
A flat posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction restores native knee kinematics, comparable to a double‐bundle reconstruction—A biomechanical robotic investigation
Authors: Deichsel Adrian , Gellhaus Florian , Peez Christian , Raschke Michael J. , Martinovic Moritz , Herbst Elmar , Herbort Mirco , Fink Christian , Kittl Christoph
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To biomechanically evaluate a flat posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction utilizing rectangular femoral bone tunnels.

Methods

Eight fresh‐frozen human knee specimens were tested in a six‐degrees‐of‐freedom robotic test setup. In each testing step, a force‐controlled test protocol was performed, including 89 N posterior tibial translation (PTT) in neutral, internal and external rotation, from 0 to 90° of flexion. After determining the native knee kinematics, the PCL was cut. Subsequently, a flat PCL reconstruction (PCLR) with a rectangular bone tunnel was performed, utilizing a quadriceps tendon autograft with a patellar bone block. After filling the bone tunnel, a single‐bundle PCLR without and with femoral interference screw fixation, as well as a double‐bundle reconstruction, was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using mixed linear models.

Results

Cutting of the PCL led to significant (p ≤ .05) increases in PTT, from 0 to 90° of flexion, up to 10.7 mm, in comparison to the native state. After flat reconstruction and double‐bundle reconstruction, no significant difference was found between the native and reconstructed state (p ≥ .05). The single‐bundle PCLR without interference screw showed significantly increased PTT in comparison to the native state in 30° (mean difference [MD] 3.3 mm; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 – 5.2 mm; p < .001), 60° (MD 4.4 mm; 95% CI 2.5–6.4 mm; p < .001) and 90° of flexion (MD 4.0 mm; 95% CI 2.1–6.0 mm; p < .001). The single‐bundle PCLR with additional interference screw showed significantly increased PTT in comparison to the native state only in 30° (MD 1.9 mm; 95% CI 0.05–3.8 mm; p = .01).

Conclusion

Both a flat and a double‐bundle PCLR were able to restore the native knee kinematics in all tested flexion angles. A single‐bundle reconstruction was not able to fully restore native kinematics, with only small residual anteroposterior instability.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable (an experimental laboratory study).
The use of an imageless robotic system in revision of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
Authors: Andriollo Luca , Benazzo Francesco , Cinelli Virgina , Sangaletti Rudy , Velluto Calogero , Rossi Stefano Marco Paolo
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The application of robotics in revision arthroplasty particularly from unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) to total knee arthroplasty (TKA), is underexplored. The purpose of this study is to describe the surgical technique of an imageless robotic system used in the revision of UKA to TKA and to evaluate short‐ to mid‐term outcomes.

Methods

This prospective study includes 35 patients treated from May 2020 to July 2023. Demographic data of the patients were gathered and the reasons for needing revision surgery were assessed. All patients were clinically evaluated preoperatively and at the final follow‐up of 31.3 ± 12.1 months, using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), Oxford Knee Score (OKS), Forgotten Joint Score (FJS‐12), Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and range of motion (ROM). Additionally, a radiographic evaluation was performed, and implant survival was assessed by analyzing complications at final follow‐up.

Results

In 88.6% of the patients, a primary Posterior Stabilized (PS) or Constrained Posterior Stabilized prosthetic implant was used, with 11.4% of patients requiring a varus‐valgus constraint implant. In 71.4% of the cases, a thinnest size liner of 10 mm was used. The use of the robotic system was never aborted for any reason. At final follow‐up, the implant survival rate was 97.14%. Average OKS increased from 31.4 ± 9.4 to 41.5 ± 4.3, FJS‐12 from 47.3 ± 19.3 to 80.7 ± 8.9; WOMAC at final follow‐up was 17.8 ± 8.7, from 53.5 ± 21.3 preoperatively. Analyzing ROM, NRS and patient‐reported outcome measures, there were significant differences in each parameter between prerevision surgery and final follow‐up.

Conclusions

This study highlights that in a cohort of patients undergoing robotic‐assisted conversion from UKA to TKA, the use of an imageless procedure incorporating intraoperative bone morphing and alignment based on a functional philosophy has proven to be safe and has yielded excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes.

Level of Evidence

Level II, prospective cohort study.
Recent Advances in Plasmonic Sensing Techniques for Exosome Detection and Composition Analysis
Authors: Hu Yurui , Wang Yuye , Zhang Yi , Yang Hui
Published: December 2024

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with sizes typically ranging from 30 to 200 nm. They carry a wealth of molecular information from their parental cells and are abundant and stable in biofluids. Due to their outstanding characteristics, exosomes have emerged as a promising biomarker for disease diagnostics over these years. Among the analytical techniques, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) method turns out to be a promising tool in exosome detection due to its merits of label‐free, highly sensitive and real‐time sensing capabilities. In this review, a comprehensive summary of various plasmonic sensing techniques, focusing on both propagating SPR (PSPR) and localized SPR (LSPR) platforms, demonstrating their characteristics, sensing performances, and practical applications is presented. Furthermore, the fundamental working principles underlying current surface functionalization methods for plasmonic substrates are introduced, providing guidance for selecting the appropriate methods for specific exosome capture and detection. Recent advancements in enhancing sensing performance for exosome detection using PSPR, LSPR, and surface‐enhanced Raman scattering platforms are also surveyed. Moreover, representative clinical applications that leverage these plasmonic sensing techniques are also highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions in this field are also discussed, offering insights into the potential of exosomes and plasmonic sensing in biomedical research and clinical practice.
Resonant Meta‐Lens in the Visible
Authors: Lin Rong , Yao Jin , Wang Zhihui , Zhou Junxiao , Tsai Din Ping
Published: December 2024

Meta‐lenses can offer potential improvements over traditional optical components in imaging, display, and detection. Initial meta‐lenses strive for uniform spectral responses over broadband for full‐color imaging. Nevertheless, enhancing wavelength selectivity remains crucial for specific applications, such as fluorescence imaging and augmented reality, requiring specific wavelengths. Current methods struggle to balance nonlocal resonance with local phase control or introduce an additional filter layer. Here, an all‐dielectric resonant meta‐lens for wavelength‐selective focusing based on the Fresnel zone plate design is experimentally demonstrated. The coupling between nonlocal lattice resonance and local Mie‐type resonance is effectively manipulated to control the reflection and bandwidth. Without considering the balance between nonlocal resonance excitation and local phase control, the resonant meta‐lens can reflectively focus at a resonant wavelength of 460 nm while allowing normal transmission at non‐resonant wavelengths, which is generally restricted in conventional metallic counterparts. Simulation (experimental) results indicate a high color purity of 90% (66%), surpassing those of meta‐lenses with filtering functions. A multi‐resonant meta‐lens is further designed for red, green, and blue colors. This work offers enhanced options for wavelength‐selective meta‐lenses, expanding their potential in optical imaging and display applications.
The Association Between Anthropometric Indices and Overactive Bladder (OAB): A Cross‐Sectional Study From the NHANES 2005–2018
Authors: Zhong Meiru , Wang Zhou
Published: December 2024

Background

The association between different anthropometric indices, including body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), waist circumference‐triglyceride index (WTI), weight‐adjusted waist index (WWI), body roundness index (BRI) and the prevalence of overactive bladder (OAB) is unclear. This investigation aims to explore the association among different anthropometric indices and overactive bladder as well as confounding variables.

Methods

Data were obtained from the USA National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data set between 2005 and 2018, and 15231 participants were included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the correlation among anthropometric indices mentioned in our study and overactive bladder. Subgroup analyses, smooth curve fitting and area under curve (AUC curve) were also performed.

Results

There was a positive correlation between BMI, LAP, WTI, WWI, BRI and overactive bladder. The results were significant even after taking into account every covariate (p < 0.05). Fitting smooth curves demonstrated that when anthropometric indices were used as a predictor to predict the occurrence of OAB, the probability of female patients suffering from OAB was higher than that of male patients. Additionally, WWI had better predictive power (AUC = 0.6780) and VAI had the worst predictive power (AUC = 0.5558).

Conclusion

Our results suggest a substantial positive relationship between some of the anthropometric indices, including BMI, LAP, WTI, WWI, BRI, and overactive bladder.
Multiscale modeling of multiwalled carbon nanotube‐reinforced polymer matrix nanocomposites and experimental validation
Authors: Saurabh Sushant , Chakladar N. D. , Deb Arghya , Sharma Nitin Kumar
Published: December 2024

This study developed a numerical model of multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)‐reinforced polymer nanocomposite to predict the tensile and flexural behavior of an earth‐stationed antenna reflector. The objectives of the study were to propose a hierarchical model of nanocomposites and introduce the variability in the dimensions of the CNTs. The CNTs were meshed with beam elements and their inner, outer diameter, and length were randomized, as per field emission scanning electron microscopy image. The distribution of the CNTs was realized with the help of a random sequential adsorption algorithm. The CNT content was varied from 0.1 to 0.4 wt% of epoxy matrix. Periodic boundary conditions were implemented. Micro‐scale results were found to lie within 10% of the Halpin‐Tsai model. A concept of dynamically allocated representative volume element was implemented at the meso‐scale, which was then upscaled to macro‐scale to simulate ASTM D3039 and D790 test conditions. With 0.4 wt% of CNT into the matrix, the tensile and flexural modulus increased by 14.42% and 23.94%. The macro‐scale simulated results were compared with literature, where the tensile and flexural modulus were found to deviate by 7.5% and 3%. This model will later be upgraded with continuous fibrous reinforcement along with MWCNT‐filled epoxy, to simulate the performance of a real composite antenna reflector.

Highlights

Multiscale modeling of MWCNT‐based epoxy nanocomposite was developed.

MWCNT was meshed with hollow beam elements as per FESEM images.

0.4 wt% MWCNT enhanced tensile and flexural modulus by 14% and 24%.

Numerical tensile and flexural modulus lied within 7.5% and 3% of the tests.
Accelerated Resolution Therapy for Cancer Distress and Post‐Traumatic Stress Symptoms: Results of a Pilot Study
Authors: Tofthagen Cindy , Donovan Kristine A. , Mandrekar Jay , Buck Harleah G.
Published: December 2024

Background

An estimated one‐third of cancer survivors suffer from post‐traumatic stress (PTS) symptoms. PTS is associated with high levels of cancer distress, anxiety, and depression. Few evidence‐based treatments are available for PTS. Accelerated Resolution Therapy (ART) is a form of trauma‐focused psychological therapy that has been found to be both safe and effective at alleviating post‐traumatic stress symptoms, psychological distress, anxiety and depressive symptoms in non‐cancer populations.

Methods

The purpose of this single arm, pilot study was to examine the preliminary efficacy of ART for alleviating post‐traumatic stress symptoms, cancer distress, depressive symptoms and anxiety among cancer survivors, as well as to evaluate baseline characteristics of persons most likely to respond to ART. Participants were provided with five ART sessions and outcome variables were assessed at enrollment, immediately following ART, and 30 days post ART. Paired t‐tests were used to examine differences between scores at each time point. Associations between the PCL‐5 score from baseline to post 30‐day visit were assessed and other variables were examined using univariate linear regression.

Results

In a sample of 20 cancer survivors, statistically significant decreases in PTS symptoms (p < 0.0001), cancer distress (p < 0.0001), anxiety (p = 0.0002), and depression (p < 0.0001) from pre to post intervention were present. These improvements remained 30 days post‐intervention. Higher baseline PCL‐5 scores, as well as higher scores on two subscales of the cancer distress measure were associated with response to treatment.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that ART is an effective therapeutic intervention for reducing PTS symptoms and cancer distress among cancer survivors.
Seeds Adapted to Mixed Cropping Increase Yield and Drought Resistance of Cereal–Legume Mixtures
Authors: Muñoz‐Escribano Alejandro , Schöb Christian , López‐Angulo Jesús
Published: December 2024

Cropland diversification through mixed cropping has the potential of achieving a more sustainable agriculture while securing food production. This is of special relevance with climate change and the expected drier growing conditions in the future. Seed adaptation to this cropping method is hypothesized to be a fundamental factor to maximize these benefits, as well as the particular species combined. In this study we compared the performance of four cereal–legume mixed crops (wheat and oat mixed with lupin and lentil in pairs) with their respective monocrops. Each crop was sown using seeds adapted to monoculture and mixed cropping, respectively. Moreover, they were grown under early‐season and late‐season drought treatments and under control conditions. We measured above‐ground vegetative biomass, seed yield and harvest index to evaluate crop production, drought resistance and the effect of seed adaptation on each mixed and monocrop. Our results show that mixed cropping either had a beneficial or neutral effect on crop yield, depending on the species combination and drought conditions, but the harvest index was higher in monocrops. We also confirmed that seed adaptation to a particular type of cropping is clearly a determining factor in its performance. In accordance with the insurance hypothesis, mixed cropping has the effect of protecting crop yields in the case of a sudden bad performance of one of the species, for example, caused by adverse environmental conditions. It is necessary to focus on effective species combinations which have the best responses to mixed cropping. In our study, we show that wheat–lentil mixtures performed poorly, while wheat–lupin showed the most promising results improving yield and drought resistance. Oat mixed crops did not show differences with the respective monocrops, so they can be a viable cropping option as well and benefit from advantages of crop diversity not measured in this study.
Shedding Electrons on Cenospheres: Advancing Characterization Through X‐ray Micro‐Analysis
Authors: Kanesalingam Brinthan , Fernando W. Ashane M. , Jayawardena Chulantha , Attygalle Dinesh , Amarasinghe D.A.S. , Rabbani Arash , Panda Sandeep
Published: December 2024

Cenospheres are hollow spherical structures derived from coal fly ash waste. They exhibit unique properties such as thermal stability, lightweight composition, inertness, and energy attenuation, which make them ideal for advanced material applications. Due to their cost‐effectiveness and wide availability, they are viable alternatives to specialized micro‐ and nanospheres synthesis. However, the limited understanding of cenospheres and the complexities involved with characterization techniques hinder the utilization of their valuable attributes effectively. Our study introduces a novel methodology for classifying and characterizing cenospheres using X‐ray microanalysis coupled with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS). Herein, we identify inherent X‐ray emission profiles for the cenospheres and solid spheres (which look similar to the untrained eye), enabling rapid classification through EDS line scans. Further, we establish a characterization threshold for the line scans, that is, half the penetration depth at 99% X‐ray intensity for specific accelerating voltages. We propose a non‐destructive technique for measuring the cell wall thickness and introduce error corrections for measurements at lower accelerating voltages. When using higher voltages, the measurement of cell wall thickness yields RMSE values of 0.41 for entering cell walls and 0.21 for exiting cell walls. These values provide specific measurements for the thickness of individual cell walls quantitatively rather than relying on more generalized theoretical relationships.
Development of Novel 1,2,3‐Triazole‐Benzoxazole Hybrids as an E. coli DNA Gyrase B Inhibitor: Design, Synthesis, in Silico, and in Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation
Authors: Mendapara Jigarkumar V. , Vaghasiya Mahesh D. , Agrawal Mohit , AlAjmi Mohamed F , Rajani Dhanji P. , Kumari Premlata
Published: December 2024

A novel series of 1,2,3‐triazole‐benzoxazole hybrids were designed and synthesized effectively using Cu alkyne‐azide cycloaddition, as a potential antimicrobial agents. The structures of the newly synthesized scaffolds were identified through 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, elemental analysis, and mass spectra. The bioactive synthesized molecule (10a–10n) were evaluated for its antibacterial and antifungal properties in vitro against P. aeruginosa, E. coli, S. pyogenes, S aureus, A. clavatus, A. niger, and C. albicans. Among the synthesized hybrids, compounds 10g and 10k, which contain 4‐methoxy and 3‐chloro substitutes, had the most potent inhibitory activity against E. coli, with MIC values of 0.12 and 0.11 mM, respectively. Subsequently, in silico docking studies were employed to understand better these molecules' binding affinities and mode of action. The molecular docking studies found that all the synthesized molecules showed good affinities with E. coli DNA GyrB (PDB ID: 5L3J). Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of 100 ns showed stability of the compound 10g protein–ligand complex throughout the simulation.
2D Mesoporous Carbon with Hollow Turtle Shell‐Like Morphology for Resolving Restacking Effect
Authors: Earnshaw Jacob , Ashok Aditya , Leong Kwang Keat , Kim Jeonghun , Kim Minjun , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: December 2024

In this work, a unique 2D hollow turtle shell‐like mesoporous carbon (HTMC) synthesized via a ternary heterostructuring strategy to alleviate the restacking tendency of 2D materials is presented. The ternary 2D heterostructuring is achieved via an in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) on graphene oxide (GO) and a subsequent mesostructured polydopamine (mPDA) coating to obtain ternary heterostructured GO@ZIF‐8@mPDA, which is then converted to the hierarchically porous HTMC having macro‐, meso‐, and micropores via direct carbonization. Additionally, 2D turtle shell‐like microporous carbon (TMC) and 2D mesoporous carbon (MPC) derived from binary heterostructured GO@ZIF‐8 and GO@mPDA, respectively, are synthesized to investigate the porosity effect on alleviating the loss of accessible surface area of restacked 2D carbons. Among them, HTMC demonstrates superior structural advantages for alleviating the negative effects of restacking in 2D materials, exhibiting by far the highest specific capacitance (Csp) across all scan rates (93.7 F g−1 at 500 mV s−1 to 334.47 F g−1 at 1 mV s−1) in 1 M H2SO4. Furthermore, HTMC demonstrates outstanding rate capability while maintaining the greatest charge storage capacity over all scan rates.
Surface Doping to Suppress Iodine Ion Migration for Stable FAPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells
Authors: Que Meidan , Li Yutian , Yuan Hao , Zhong Peng , Li Bo , Wei Jian , Hu Ping , Gao Lili , Huang Wei , Liu Shengzhong
Published: December 2024

Formamidine lead iodide (FAPbI3) quantum dots (QDs) have attracted great attention as a new generation of photovoltaic material due to their long carrier diffusion length, benign ambient stability, and light‐harvesting ability. However, its large surface area with inherent thermodynamic instability and highly defective ionic termination are still major obstacles to fabricating high‐performance devices. Herein, a metallic ion dopant is developed to post‐treat FAPbI3 QDs immediately after their fabrication by using a metal‐glutamate salt solution. Both experimental and theoretical results show that alkaline (earth) metal ions (Mg2+, Na+, and K+) in their glutamate salt can not only successfully substitute insulating long‐chain ligands to form thinner ligand shells but inhibit the formation of iodine vacancies on the surface of QDs. As a result, the glutamate‐Mg based solar cell exhibits a champion efficiency of 13.48%, and the other two solar cells treated by glutamate alkaline metal salts (Na+ and K+) achieve photoelectrical conversion efficiencies of 13.26% and 11.88%, respectively, all of which are higher than of control cell with an efficiency of 11.58%. Therefore, this substantial progress provides intuitive cognition and guidance for the improvement of photoelectric performance and the commercial application of quantum dot solar cells.
Quantitative Study of Reversible Nonvolatile VO2 Thin Films Through Plasma Driven Phase Engineering Process
Authors: Bajaj Samiksha , Chiu Shang‐Jui , Chen Jia Wei , Sino Paul Albert , Yang Chih‐Wen , Chen Chieh‐Ting , Hwang Ing‐Shouh , Lin Yan‐Gu , Chu Ying Hao , Chueh Yu‐Lun , Wu Jyh Ming
Published: December 2024

The nanoscale control of phase transition in correlated materials offers significant insight into phase transition dynamics for the advancement of future nanoelectronics devices. This study explores the phase transition phenomenon in vanadium dioxide (VO2), focusing on the heterogeneous phases evolved after low‐pressure plasma irradiation on VO2 thin films, a strong electron‐correlated material. The modulation in the Argon (Ar) plasma power reveals the formation of homogeneous and heterogeneous phases with variable resistive states at room temperature. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) is observed with the change in interplanar spacing revealing monoclinic (M1) at 0W, monoclinic‐tetragonal rutile (phase coexistence, M1‐R) at 50W, and tetragonal rutile (R) at 90W. Dielectric force microscopy (DFM) shows distinct dielectric responses corresponding to different phases, characterized by potential differences of 3 mV (M1), 5 mV (M1‐R), and 7.44 mV (R) phases. The coexistence of M1‐R phase is stabilized and examined at room temperature, with variations in the charge carrier density observed relative to M1 and R phases individually. The phase change in VO2 is found to be reversible, enabling stable resistive states even after the plasma is removed. The changes in plasma geometry help find and stabilize unstable phases, which can be useful in nanoelectronics.
Constructing Garnet Electrolytes with Internal 3‐D Electronic Insulation Network for Dendrite‐Free Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Liu Jintao , Wang Jie , Mei Xiayueyang , Song Shaokang , Zhao Hailei
Published: December 2024

Garnet‐type solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs), with high energy density and superior safety performance, have been recognized as one of the most promising next‐generation energy storage technologies. However, the severe lithium dendrite penetration issue of garnet‐type electrolytes significantly impedes the practical application of SSLMBs. Herein, garnet‐type electrolyte Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) with high dendrite‐suppressing ability is fabricated by constructing a 3‐D continuous electronic insulation network at the grain boundaries of LLZTO with glass electrolyte 50Li2O‐38B2O3‐12SiO2 (LBS). The selected LBS, with low melting temperature, moderate lithium‐ion conductivity, and extremely low electronic conductivity (≈1.7 × 10−10 S cm−1), significantly facilitates the densification of LLZTO and by existing at the grain boundaries in the form of amorphous glass, impedes the transport of electrons within the electrolytes and ultimately prevents the growth of lithium dendrite during battery cycling. As a result, the fabricated Li|LLZTO‐LBS|Li symmetric cells show a high critical current density of 1.1 mA cm−2 and a stable lithium plating/stripping performance for over 1000 h at 0.2 mA cm−2. Moreover, the constructed Li|LLZTO‐LBS|LiFePO4 full cells deliver a high initial specific capacity of 141.8 mA h g−1 at 1.0C and can be cycled stably for over 100 cycles at 0.2C.
Band Flattening and Strain Field Assists an Excellent Thermoelectric Performance of n‐type Bi2Se3 for Room to Mid‐Temperature Application
Authors: Vaiyapuri Vijay , Shanmugasundaram Kamalakannan , Jayaram Archana , Mani Navaneethan
Published: December 2024

Bismuth selenide, (Bi2Se3) is a typical n‐type V‐VI chalcogenide‐based thermoelectric (TE) material with high lattice thermal conductivity, which limits its TE performance. Single element doping is generally adopted to enhance the TE performance, since it is not affect significantly. Herein, it is revealed that the impact of the co‐doping strategy boost the TE performance of Bi2Se3 through tuning the band structure and phonon transport properties. The synergy of isovalent Ga (gallium) and aliovalent Ge (germanium) co‐doping produces a noteworthy improvement in carrier tuning from −1.1 × 1018 to −3.56 × 1018 cm−3. Bi1.95Ga0.05Ge0.033Se3 sample reached the enhanced power factor of 1403 µWm−1K−2 obtained at 303 K. The reduced low lattice thermal conductivity of 0.24 Wm−1K−1 is occurred by the multi‐scale phonon scattering mechanisms through the dissemination of strain field raised from various defects. The combined strategy of flat band structure and low lattice thermal conductivity significantly optimized the thermoelectric zT of 0.7 is achieved at 513 K and the highest zTaverage of 0.68 is obtained. The maximum zT values leads to attain a theoretical efficiency of 5.9% in the temperature range between 333–573 K. This work shows a practical approach to improve the zT of n‐type Bi2Se3 via co‐doping.
Solution‐Processed Thickness‐Insensitive Molybdenum Oxide Hole‐Transporting Layer Regulated by Reductive Ionic Liquid for Stable and Efficient Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Guo Erqin , Chen Qiaomei , Zhang Guangcong , Zhang Zhou , Zhang Junjie , Gao Zihao , Wei Yen , Li Weiwei
Published: December 2024

Developing solution‐processed, thickness‐insensitive hole‐transporting layers (HTLs) is a key challenge in scaling high‐performance organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, a simple and efficient method is presented to produce highly conductive molybdenum oxide (MoOx) HTLs by n‐doping ammonium heptamolybdate with a reductive ionic liquid (IL). Owing to the n‐doping effect and inherent conductivity of IL, the conductivity of the 5% IL:MoOx significantly increased to 8.06 × 10−3 S m−1, surpassing traditional solution‐processed MoOx HTLs. Moreover, the IL's multifunctional non‐covalent adsorption sites and high boiling point help reduce electronic disorder and passivate parasitic traps, enhancing the overall performance. As a result, 5% IL:MoOx shows excellent versatility in commonly used photoactive systems and achieves a remarkable PCE of 19.55% in the D18:N3:L8‐BO ternary system. This outperforms neat MoOx and PEDOT:PSS devices and represents as the highest reported value among single‐junction OSCs with solution‐processed MoOx HTLs. Additionally, devices with 5% IL:MoOx also exhibit superior stability compared to PEDOT:PSS devices. Furthermore, 5% IL:MoOx shows impressive thickness insensitivity, maintaining 83.3% of the optimum PCE even at a thickness of 150 nm. The exceptional PCE, versatility, stability, and thickness insensitivity of the 5% IL:MoOx HTL collectively highlight its potential as a substitute for PEDOT:PSS in scaling OSC production.
Degradation of Sliding Ferroelectricity Induced by Environmental Gas Molecules: Case of Bilayer WS2
Authors: Pan Chengfeng , Sun Dazhong , Niu Xianghong , Wu Yu‐Ning
Published: December 2024

Emerging sliding ferroelectricity (SF) holds great potential for the development of low‐energy‐cost and high‐endurance ferroelectric devices. In the van der Waals (vdWs) stacking of SF, atomic vacancies inevitably exist and gas molecules commonly stay in the interlayer, but their impact on SF is unclear. In this work, the bilayer WS2 is taken as an example and demonstrate their effect on the SF polarization and switching barrier. The sulfur vacancy (SV) is found to slightly impair polarization, but the W atoms around the SV tend to chemically adsorb O2 molecules in the vdWs gap, which can possibly further dissociate into separately chemisorbed O atoms at room temperature. The adsorbed oxygen causes the reduction of polarization and switching barrier, eventually inducing the degradation of SF properties. In addition, the adsorbed oxygen also modifies the Schottky barriers in SF‐based transistors and narrows the memory window, leading to the degradation of the devices. These effects may accumulate over time and eventually result in degraded device performance. This work provides a microscopic insight into the effect of defects/impurities on SF, favoring optimizing the performance of SF‐based devices.
Understanding the Baseline: Mainstream Educators' Preparation to Teach Multilingual Learners
Authors: Pasquarella Adrian , Caplan Nigel , Moradi Bita , Janick Jamie , Francois Audin
Published: December 2024

Our project intends to transform the experiences of teachers of multilingual learners (MLL) through professional development and professional learning communities. Concurrent with our programmatic efforts, we are evaluating changes in confidence and self‐efficacy in working with MLLs, teacher knowledge of MLLs' needs, and the implementation of supportive classroom practices for MLLs. Seventy‐nine educators were recruited to participate in a randomized wait‐list controlled design. In this paper we unpack teacher confidence, support needed, and self‐efficacy at the baseline. Our analysis demonstrated that the status quo of MLL professional development for teachers needs significant bolstering. We found that elementary and secondary teachers reported similarly low levels of confidence and self‐efficacy, and high levels of support needed, while working with large numbers of MLLs daily. Our project is working towards measuring the multifaceted nature of teacher knowledge and self‐efficacy when teaching MLLs and the dynamic nature of using effective classroom practices to support MLLs. Our work echoes the community of researchers and practitioners who are calling for statewide approaches to scaffolding MLLs for success in every lesson of every day.
Prevalence and Economic Significance of Fasciolosis among Cattle Slaughtered at Municipal Abattoirs in Ethiopia from 2010 to 2023: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Girma Abayeneh , Genet Amere , Teshome Kasaye , Abdu Indiris , Tamir Dessalew
Published: December 2024

Background

Fasciolosis is a prevalent disease that significantly impairs the health and productivity of cattle and causes significant economic damage. Beyond the individually available studies with varying prevalence rates, there are no pooled national prevalence studies on bovine fasciolosis. Therefore, the current study aims to determine the pooled prevalence and economic significance of fasciolosis among cattle in Ethiopia.

Methods

Cochrane's Q, inverse variance (I2), sensitivity analysis, funnel plots, Begg's and Egger's regression tests were used to assess heterogeneity and publication bias. A random‐effects model was used to calculate the pooled burden of fasciolosis among cattle.

Results

The pooled prevalence of fasciolosis among cattle was 28.02% (7626/27,604) with (95% CI: 24.77%–31.26%). About 25.58% (3200/12,639) with (95% CI: 20.89, 30.27) and 30.45% (4426/14,965) with (95% CI: 26.05, 34.85) were found to harbour Fasciola through coprological inspection and post‐mortem examination, respectively. Among a total of 14,965 livers of slaughtered cattle examined in municipal abattoirs, Fasciola hepatica (54.43%) was the predominant fluke identified compared to Fasciola gigantica (23.21%). Mixed infections of both species and unidentified immature flukes were detected in 15.04% and 7.02% of the affected livers, respectively. Regarding the severity of the pathological lesions observed, 35.08%, 49.31% and 15.61% of the livers were mildly, moderately and seriously infested, respectively. The total annual economic significance of fasciolosis among cattle from 21 reported studies was approximately 43,240,653.2 ETB (US$4,069,100.649). Increasing and decreasing trends of pooled fasciolosis prevalence were observed from 2010 to 2023 in coprological examination and post‐partum inspection, respectively.

Conclusion

Therefore, bovine fasciolosis requires integrated control methods to address its influence on animal health and economic impact.
Distribution and clinicopathological characteristics of G-CSF expression in tumor cells and stromal cells in upper tract urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Kobayashi Go , Sekino Yohei , Nakahara Hikaru , Kobatake Kohei , Goto Keisuke , Hayashi Tetsutaro , Sentani Kazuhiro , Hinata Nobuyuki
Published: December 2024

Background

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is a common type of malignant disease; however, the diagnostic and prognostic markers of upper urinary tract urothelial cancer (UTUC) remain poorly understood because of its rarity.

Methods

To clarify the clinicopathological significance of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) in UTUC, we analyzed the expression and distribution of G-CSF in 112 upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) samples with immunohistochemistry.

Results

In normal urothelium, G-CSF expression was weak or absent, whereas high expression of G-CSF was observed in UTUC tissues, both in tumor cells (TCs) and stromal cells (SCs). G-CSF expression in the TCs and SCs was associated with nodular/flat morphology, high grade, advanced T stage, and lymphovascular invasion in UTUC. G-CSF expression in SCs was associated with poor prognosis and was an independent prognostic factor. Public data showed that G-CSF expression was also associated with decreased progression-free survival and disease-specific survival. A prognostic model was constructed by incorporating the presence or absence of G-CSF expression along with clinicopathologic factors, which allowed for a more accurate prediction of poor prognosis. We further showed that G-CSF expression was associated with a high Ki-67 labeling index and with PD-L1, HER2, and p53 expression in UTUC.

Conclusion

G-CSF expression in TCs and SCs may play a crucial role in UTUC tumor progression. Notably, stromal G-CSF expression showed significant prognostic value, even when compared to major clinicopathological factors, suggesting that the evaluation of G-CSF expression may contribute to clinical decision-making in patients with UTUC.
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: Advances in Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Jinnah Alexander H. , Lynch Kyle A. , Wood Taylor R. , Hughes Michael S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose of Review

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a disabling spinal pathology, with a significant morbidity if left untreated. This review investigates the recent advances in the diagnosis and management of AIS.

Recent Findings

Low radiation techniques have become a paramount focus in the management of patient’s with AIS. The EOS system is growing in popularity due to lower radiation compared to conventional radiographs with the added advantage allowing 3D reconstruction. Bracing remains the standard treatment for curves amenable to this, however, due to the importance in compliance with brace wear there has been a recent push for more personalized brace construction using 3-dimensional printing. If curves are not amenable to bracing, then surgical intervention is generally recommended. Posterior spinal fusion (PSF) remains the gold standard; however, newer growth modulating techniques are in their infancy. Anterior vertebral body tethering (VBT) is a relatively novel method of treatment for AIS, that has seen promising early results. Due to its novelty and varying results VBT use remains limited and will need to be further investigated.

AIS is a complex disease without a clear understanding of it’s etiology. If identified earlier, then non-operative treatment may lead to prevention of curve progression and the need for surgical intervention. Newer technologies, such as the EOS system, allow 3D reconstruction of curves which can assist with pre-operative planning. PSF remains the gold standard surgical intervention for AIS, however, new developments in alternative techniques could have a promising future, especially for skeletally immature patients.
Effect of balloon pulmonary angioplasty on chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: an assessment of the learning curve in a Japanese university hospital
Authors: Komura Naohiro , Sugano Teruyasu , Ono Fumiaki , Nakayama Mina , Suzuki Toru , Kawaura Noriyuki , Hosoda Junya , Konishi Masaaki , Iwahashi Noriaki , Ishigami Tomoaki , Mo Makoto , Hibi Kiyoshi
Published: December 2024

Balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) is an innovative treatment for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). We retrospectively examined the clinical outcomes and complications of BPA at Yokohama City University Hospital (YCUH) between 2012 and 2018. In 2012, we began to conduct BPA sessions in 46 patients with inoperable CTEPH; 34 completed the BPA scheme and the follow-up plan. A longitudinal sub-analysis was performed with cohorts 1 and 2 receiving BPA before and after April 2015. Significant improvements in the mean pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and other parameters were detected after BPA. The total rate of thoracic complications was 25%. Specifically, the increase in SaO2 and home oxygen therapy discontinuation rate, and oral riociguat discontinuation rate was significantly higher in cohort 2 (+ 7.7, 75, and 59%) compared to cohort 1 (+ 3.1, 27, and 10%) (P < 0.05). Moreover, the need for non-invasive positive pressure ventilation was significantly lower: 0% (cohort 2) vs. 7% (cohort 1) (P < 0.05). The BPA sessions conducted at the YCUH resulted in significant improvements in patients with CTEPH. This study demonstrates a clear learning curve regarding the effectiveness of BPA both in normalizing SaO2 and facilitating the cessation of home oxygen therapy, as well as in reducing the incidence of severe complications.

Graphical abstract
Knowledge Graph Completion for Activity Recommendation in Business Process Modeling
Authors: Amiri Elyasi Keyvan , Sola Diana , Meilicke Christian , van der Aa Han , Stuckenschmidt Heiner
Published: December 2024

Activity recommendation is an approach to assist process modelers by recommending suitable activities to be inserted at a user-defined position. In this paper, we suggest approaching activity recommendation as a knowledge graph completion task. We convert business process models into knowledge graphs through various translation methods and apply embedding- and rule-based knowledge graph completion techniques to the translated models. Our experimental evaluation reveals that generic knowledge graph completion methods do not perform well on the given task. They lack the flexibility to capture complex regularities that can be learned using a rule-based approach specifically designed for activity recommendation.
Enhancement of cannabidiol oral bioavailability through the development of nanostructured lipid carriers: In vitro and in vivo evaluation studies
Authors: Taha Iman E. , ElSohly Mahmoud A. , Radwan Mohamed M. , Elkanayati Rasha M. , Wanas Amira , Joshi Poorva H. , Ashour Eman A.
Published: December 2024

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a natural product isolated from the Cannabis sativa plant that was approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) for the treatment of resistant epilepsy. Despite its therapeutic potential, CBD’s clinical application is limited by its poor aqueous solubility and low oral bioavailability. The primary aim of this research was to enhance the aqueous solubility and oral bioavailability of CBD by developing nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) using conventional hot homogenization method (CHH). In the current study, nine CBD NLC formulations were developed through CHH, of which, NLC5 emerged as the most promising formulation, exhibiting high CBD entrapment efficiency (99.23%), particle size of 207 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.19, and a zeta potential of -26 mV. Additionally, drug release testing for NLC5 showed a high CBD release rate of more than 90% within 15 min, indicating an enhancement of CBD dissolving rate compared to pure CBD. The in vivo pharmacokinetic study of NLC5 formulation showed 27% CBD oral bioavailability. Furthermore, Stability studies conducted at 4 °C and 25 °C on this formulation over three months, revealed consistent parameters, underscoring the robustness of the formulation. In conclusion, the successful formulation of CBD-loaded NLCs resulted in improved CBD release rate, enhanced oral bioavailability of CBD, and maintained stability, making it a promising approach for the effective delivery of CBD.

Graphical Abstract
Development, fabrication, and validation of custom-built accelerometers to monitor wave propagation during vibratory soil compaction
Authors: Baker William J. , Meehan Christopher L.
Published: December 2024

Historically, accelerometers have been heavily utilized in the geotechnical community for applications such as earthquake ground motion monitoring, centrifuge testing, pile driving analysis, and continuous compaction control of soils. Industrial-grade accelerometers that are commonly used for these types of studies can be expensive for monitoring programs requiring a dense configuration of accelerometers. In the current study, a dense array of relatively inexpensive custom-built accelerometers, previously developed by the authors, were deployed along an earthen embankment and subjected to real-world vibratory soil compaction conditions. Several industrial-grade accelerometers were also installed along the embankment for comparison purposes. This study describes the fabrication, calibration, and installation process of these custom-built accelerometers and compares their performance against the industrial-grade accelerometers. Accelerations recorded by both sensors during compaction were generally consistent with one another ultimately indicating that these custom-built accelerometers could offer a cost-effective option for dense sensor arrays for future geotechnical monitoring programs.