bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of intraoperative lidocaine versus esmolol infusion on postoperative analgesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bajracharya Joshan Lal , Subedi Asish , Pokharel Krishna , Bhattarai Balkrishna
Published: June 2019

Background: As a part of multimodal analgesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy, administration of systemic lidocaine is a well-known technique. Similarly, esmolol has been found to have an opioid sparing effect in the perioperative setting. The aim of the study was to compare opioid consumption after an intraoperative infusion of lidocaine or esmolol in female patients undergoing elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, 90 female patients scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy received either IV lidocaine bolus 1.5 mg/kg at induction followed by infusion of 1.5 mg/ kg/hr or IV bolus of esmolol 0.5 mg/kg at induction followed by infusion of 5-15 µg/kg/min till the end of surgery. Standard anaesthetic protocol was followed. Postoperatively, patients received either IV morphine or tramadol to maintain VAS scores ≤ 3. The primary outcome was opioid consumption in the first 24 h after surgery. Pain and sedation scores, time to first perception of pain and void, and incidence of nausea/vomiting were secondary parameters measured up to 24 h postoperatively.
Results: Two patients in each group were excluded from the analysis. The postoperative median morphine consumption in patients receiving lidocaine and esmolol was 1.5 (1-2) mg and 1 (0-1.5) mg respectively (p=0.27). The median pain scores at various time intervals were comparable between the two groups (p>0.05). More patients receiving lidocaine were sedated in the PACU than those receiving esmolol (p<0.05); however, no difference was detected later.
Conclusion: There was no difference in postoperative opioid requirement and VAS score for pain in the first 24 h of surgery between the lidocaine and esmolol group. Patients receiving lidocaine were more sedated than those receiving esmolol in the early period after surgery.
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern In Escherichia Coli Isolated From Children Admitted At Selected Health Care Facilities In Moshi Municipality, Tanzania
Authors: Daud Mzelifa , Nyombi Balthazar
Published: June 2019

Background

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a great challenge in preventing, controlling and treatment Gram-negative bacteria and has become a significant public health threat worldwide. The study aimed at determination of the prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated in children admitted at health facilities in Moshi municipality, Tanzania.

Methodology

A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out on archived rectal swabs collected from 282 children aged 3 to 168 months admitted at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC), Mawenzi Regional Referral Hospital and Pasua health centre in Moshi municipality. Rectal swabs were cultured on MacConkey agar media. The isolated Escherichia coli was identified and antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on Muller Hinton agar media.
Results

Escherichia coli were isolated in all 282 cultured archived rectal swabs and all isolates were susceptible to amikacin and meropenem. ESBL producers were 13.1% and 86.9% were non-ESBLs.

Conclusion

High resistance rate were observed on ampicillin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin among ESBL producing Escherichia coli. Among non ESBL producing Escherichia coli high resistance rate were observed on ampicillin and trimethoprim; however all isolates were sensitive to amikacin and meropenem.
Universally funded oral health care and oral health outcomes
Authors: Brondani Mario , Mathu-Muju Kavita , Skott Pia , Englund Gunilla Sandborgh , Hugo Fernando N , Ardenghi Thiago , Smith Moira , Thomson W Murray
Published: June 2019

Objectives

To critically review the oral health care systems of four countries with a universal public health care system in terms of structure, scope and delivery and their impact on oral health outcomes.

Methods

A comparative review on the oral health care systems from Brazil, New Zealand, Canada and Sweden was performed between August 2017 and January 2018 using PubMed/MEDLINE and the key words ‘universal’ AND ‘dental OR oral’ AND ‘care OR access’ AND ‘outcome’. This is a critical essay based on evidence available in the literature and interactive conversations with key informants in all four countries.

Results

Although all four countries provide universal health care, the administration, funding and delivery of oral health care varied. About 6% of oral health care expenditure in Canada are publicly-funded. Brazil provides free oral health care at the point of use via salaried dental professionals, while Sweden offers a high-cost protection plan favouring those with greater needs, and New Zealand delivers free oral health care to children only up to their 18th birthday. With service utilization varying from 44% to more than 80%, sixty-one percent of Canadian children, 67% of Swedish children, 50% of Brazilian children and 45% of New Zealand children are caries-free at age 12 while 6.4%, 0.8%, 6.5%, and 9.6% of adults between the ages of 20 and 79 years are edentulous, respectively.

Conclusions

All countries have some form of publicly-funded oral health care, but a wide spectrum of salary-based and private-practice delivery models exists. Services utilization and oral health outcomes differ in each country.
Impact of AKAP6 Polymorphisms on Glioma Susceptibility and Prognosis
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhao Yonglin , Zhao Junjie , Huang Tingqin , Guo Xiaoye , Ma Xudong , Wu Yuan
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Glioma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor with high mortality and poor prognosis. Our aim was to clarify the correlation between AKAP6 gene polymorphisms and glioma susceptibility and prognosis in Chinese Han population.

Methods

Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of AKAP6 were genotyped by Agena MassARRAY in 575 glioma patients and 500 healthy controls. Logistic regression model was utilized to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The associations between polymorphisms and survival were assessed using the log-rank test, Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression model.

Results

We found that rs2239647 polymorphism was strongly associated with an increased risk of glioma (OR = 1.90, p = 0.007) and a worse prognosis for glioma, especially in high-grade glioma (HR = 1.67, p = 0.034). Stratified analysis showed that rs2239647 increased the risk of glioma in female (OR = 1.62, p = 0.016). Whereas, rs4261436 (HR = 0.70, p = 0.045) and rs17522122 (HR = 0.75, p = 0.016) were associated with better prognosis of astrocytoma. In addition, we also found that surgical methods and chemotherapy are critical factors for the prognosis of glioma patients.

Conclusions

This study firstly provided evidence for the impact of AKAP6 polymorphisms on susceptibility and prognosis of glioma, suggesting AKAP6 variants might have potential roles in the etiology of glioma.
Magnesium sulfate reduces rocuronium dose needed for satisfactory double lumen tube placement condition in patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Fei Shoujun , Xia Hengfu , Chen Xiaowei , Pang Dazhi , Xu Xuebing
Published: June 2019

Background: Using minimum dose of neuromuscular blockade (NMB) to achieve intubation condition is the goal in management of patients with myathenia gravis (MG). However, tracheal intubation with double lumen tube (DLT) can be challenging if intubation condition is not optimal. This double-blind randomised controlled study was designed to investigate whether magnesium sulfate would reduce rocuronium dose needed and improve the DLT placement conditions for patients with MG who were scheduled for video-assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) thymectomy.
Methods: Recruited patients were randomly assigned to receive magnesium sulfate 60mg.kg-1 or normal saline (control) prior to the administration of NMB. Titrating dose of rocuronium was administered to achieve train of four ratio (TOF%) to 10% or below before DLT intubation. The primary outcome was the rocuronium dose required to achieve TOF% below 10%. Secondary outcome was intubation condition for DLT placement.
Results: Twenty-three patients had magnesium sulphate and 22 patients had normal saline before rocuronium administration. The required rocuronium dose used were 0.10 (0.05) mg.kg-1 and 0.28(0.17) mg.kg-1 in patients who had magnesium sulphate and normal saline respectively (P<0.0001). With a similar depth of neuromuscular blockade and depth of anaesthesia, 23 patients in the magnesium sulphate group and 16 patients in the control group had excellent intubation condition (P = 0.027). The patients in both groups had similar emergence characteristics.
Conclusions: Magnesium sulfate is associated with a decrease in the rocuronium requirement and better DLT intubation condition in patients with MG.
Comparison of the Phenolic Profiles of Juice and Cider Derived from Machine- and Hand-harvested ‘Brown Snout’ Specialty Cider Apples in Northwest Washington
Authors: Alexander Travis R. , Collins Thomas S. , Miles Carol A.
Published: June 2019

‘Brown Snout’ cider apple (Malus ×domestica) is desired by cider makers for its relatively high levels of phenolics, and over-the-row machine harvesting of ‘Brown Snout’ has been demonstrated to provide similar yield to hand harvest at a significantly lower cost. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a measurable impact of harvest method on the phenolic profile of ‘Brown Snout’ juice and cider to better inform equipment adoption recommendations. Using a redox titration assay, the titratable tannin content (± SE) of juice (0.19% ± 0.01%) and cider (0.19% ± 0.01%) were found not to differ due to harvest method. Using a protein precipitation assay, juice from machine-harvested fruit was found to have lower levels of total tannins [231 ± 36 mg·L−1 catechin equivalents (CE)] than juice from hand-harvested fruit (420 ± 14 mg·L−1 CE). However, the total tannins of cider did not differ due to harvest method, the overall average for machine and hand harvest was 203 ± 22 mg·L−1 CE. The total phenolics of juice and cider did not differ due to harvest method (1415 ± 98 mg·L−1 CE and 1431 ± 73 mg·L−1 CE, respectively). Discriminant analysis based on an average of 33 tentatively identified phenolic compounds, as measured by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry, showed no separation due to harvest method in juice or cider. In conclusion, over-the-row machine harvesting of ‘Brown Snout’ resulted in a final product of similar quality at reduced labor costs, and thus shows potential for increasing the commercial sustainability of cider apple operations.
From Lady’s-slipper Orchid to Christ’s Crown. Morpho-Semantic Analysis of Religiously Motivated Phytonyms in French, Italian and Serbian Language
Authors: Mirić Milica , Đorović Danijela
Published: June 2019

Folk plant names as an extremely various layer of each language lexis, are the subject of study in many disciplines, including linguistics. In this paper, denominational procedures in naming plants in French, Italian and Serbian language are examined on the morphological, semantic and motivational plan, using onomasiological analysis. Due to the great importance that man has always attached to religion, the folk nominator has found in its numerous inducements for giving names to plants. For this reason, the religiously motivated phytonyms were examined, containing hagionyms Mother of God, God and Christ, or who are in the indirect semantic connection with them. Research results show that the term "Mother of God" is the most frequent source of motivation in all three languages, and that the investigated phytonyms relate mostly to medicinal plants. The metaphorical denomination was conducted on morphological or utilization characteristics of plants, and many legends in which individual plant species are linked to the examined Christian concepts. By comparing phytonyms in these three languages, it has been determined that these are often created morphologically and semantically similarly or in the same way in the French and Italian language, while Serbian is different in that respect. The causes of this state lie in the different structure of Romance (analytical) versus Slavic (synthetic) languages, but also in the specifics of West European and South Slavic culture and civilization.
User Engagement Mechanisms of Online Co-Design Service: Does User Innovativeness Matter?
Authors: Windasari Nila A. , Visita Luksi
Published: June 2019

The customer’s shifting role makes collaboration between customer and service provider one of the most important aspects in the value co-creation process. The collaboration and active user’s role has prompted co-design to become one of the strategies for successful product development. This research proposes engagement mechanism factors that improve user engagement and encourage customers to use and buy through the co-design web service. The factors are interactive feedback with the service provider and collecting points from social media sharing. We also propose user innovativeness to moderate the predictors and improve user engagement. We utilise a scenario-based experiment for a co-design clothing web store in Indonesia. Results show that additional interactive contact with the service provider will increase a user’s engagement and likelihood of use. The effect is greater for customers with lower levels of innovativeness. In contrast, adding game elements (e.g., points) has no significant contribution to customer engagement and use intention. This research shows the value of engagement mechanisms in enabling the value co-creation process in a co-design platform. This study contributes by providing a framework for the service provider to deploy an engaging co-design service by considering both service provider factors (i.e., engagement mechanics embedded on the web) and customer-related factors (i.e., user innovativeness level) to encourage customers to use and buy through online co-design service.
ROMA HUKUKUNDA OTURMA HAKKI (HABITATIO)
Authors: KAYAK Sevgi
Published: June 2019

Oturma hakkı, başkasına ait bir evde oturma yetkisi veren sınırlı ayni hak niteliğini taşımaktadır. Roma hukukunda oturma hakkı, Klasik Hukuk Döneminde bağımsız bir irtifak olarak kabul edilmemiştir, bu hak usus hakkı kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Bu nedenle Klasik Hukuk Döneminde, oturma hakkı ile ilgili uyuşmazlıklarda usus’a ilişkin hükümler kıyasen uygulanmıştır. Iustinianus Hukukunda ise, oturma hakkı, usus’un kapsamından çıkarılarak, bağımsız bir irtifak hakkına dönüşmüştür. Iustinianus Hukukunda oturma hakkı sınırlı bir ayni hak niteliğindedir ve intuitus persona karakterine sahip bir in ius aliena (başkasının malı üzerindeki hak)’dır. Oturma hakkı sağlar arası işlemlerle ya da ölüme bağlı tasarruflar yoluyla kurulur. Oturma hakkı kural olarak belli bir süre için kararlaştırılır. Buna karşılık bu hak süreye bağlı olarak kararlaştırılmadığı zaman, hak sahibinin hayatı boyunca devam eder. Oturma hakkı sürenin sona ermesi, haktan feragat edilmesi veya mutatio rei (malın esaslı değişime uğraması) gibi nedenlerle sona erer. Roma Hukukunda oturma hakkı ile ilgili kurallar modern hukuklara büyük ölçüde aynı şekilde geçmiştir.
CAPOCIÊNCIA: O POTENCIAL INTERCULTURAL ENTRE A EDUCAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS E A EDUCAÇÃO PARA AS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORAS
Authors: Abreu dos Santos Taryn Sofia , Kato Danilo Seithi
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo analisa a interface entre as relações étnico-raciais e a educação em ciências no discurso de professoras atuantes na educação básica, após experienciarem uma formação em serviço intitulada Capociência embasada na lei brasileira 10.639/03, que versa sobre a obrigatoriedade da inserção da história e cultura afro-brasileira no currículo escolar, e nos pressupostos da alfabetização científica imbricadas na abordagem Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade (CTS), que prima pela articulação entre estas três instâncias. A partir do referencial teórico interculturalidade crítica, delineou-se a manifestação da capoeira como artefato cultural representante do conhecimento ancestral de matriz afro-brasileira, bem como aspectos da educação em ciências no viés da cultura. Neste contexto, realizamos uma Análise de Conteúdo de questionários respondidos pelas participantes do projeto que resultaram na construção de três categorias, a saber: Aspectos Didáticos Formativos, Desenvolvimento e Formação Pessoal, Relações Étnico Raciais e Cidadania que evidenciaram o “cruzamento de fronteiras culturais” e o estabelecimento de diálogos interculturais de modo a privilegiar uma horizontalidade de saberes e ressignificação mútua entre conhecimentos de matriz tradicional afro-brasileira e a educação em ciências.
ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA NA EDUCAÇÃO DE JOVENS E ADULTOS: DISTRIBUIÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E ASPECTOS QUE CARACTERIZAM O INTERESSE INTELECTUAL DE UM COLETIVO DE PESQUISADORES
Authors: Paranhos Rones De Deus , Carneiro Maria Helena Da Silva
Published: June 2019

O objeto da análise do artigo é a produção científica brasileira sobre ensino de biologia na Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA). É um Estado da Arte que caracteriza essa produção quanto à sua distribuição (espaço e tempo) e discute os aspectos que despertaram o interesse intelectual de um coletivo de pesquisadores para produzir conhecimento sobre o ensino de biologia na EJA.  O corpus da análise foi constituído por artigos (28), dissertações (54) e teses (02). A seleção dos artigos considerou o campo de investigação, qualis do periódico, período de tempo e o estabelecimento de descritores de busca. A seleção das dissertações e teses envolveu a identificação de programas de pós-graduação da área de avaliação educação e de ensino, período e descritores. A análise valeu-se das categorias da epistemologia fleckiana. Os resultados indicam uma assimetria quanto à distribuição da pesquisa nas regiões brasileiras. A atividade dos professores da educação básica é o aspecto mais determinante envolvido na produção científica, pois a prática de ensinar biologia na modalidade EJA está imbuída de elementos de resistência e constituem as conexões passivas mediada pelas conexões ativas do Coletivo de Pesquisadores Educação em Ciências (CPEC).
Anaerobic treatment of chocolate-processing industry wastewater at different organic loading rates and temperatures
Authors: Esparza-Soto M. , Jacobo-López A. , Lucero-Chávez M. , Fall C.
Published: June 2019

The objective of the present study was to determine the optimum operating temperature of laboratory-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors during the treatment of a chocolate-processing industry wastewater at medium applied organic loading rates (OLRappl). Four UASB reactors were operated at different temperature (15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) and three OLRappl (2, 4 and 6 kg soluble chemical oxygen demand (CODs)/(m3 d)). The flowrate and the hydraulic retention time were constant (11.5 L/d and 6 h, respectively). The monitored parameters were pH, temperature, CODs, and total and volatile suspended solids. The CODs removal efficiency (RE) and biogas production rate (BPR) were calculated. The 15 °C UASB reactor had the lowest RE (39 to 78%) due to the low operating temperature. Regardless of the OLRappl, the RE of the 20, 25 and 30 °C reactors was high and similar to each other (between 88 and 94%). The BPR of the four UASB reactors had the same behaviour as the RE (BPR of 15 °C: 0.3 to 0.5 Lbiogas/(Lreactor d) (Lb/(Lr d)) and BPR of 20, 25 and 30 °C: 0.5 to 1.9 Lb/(Lr d)).
Evaluation of the Phenolics and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Different Botanical Herbals Used for Tea Infusions in Brazil
Authors: Zielinski Acácio A.F. , Haminiuk Charles W.I. , Beta Trust
Published: June 2019

Background:

The consumption of herbal teas has gained much attention due to its healthpromoting benefits, including antioxidant, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antiinflammatory effects. These biological activities are associated in part to the antioxidant activity of chemical compounds present in teas, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate a total of 17 different botanical herbal infusions consumed in Brazil in terms of their phenolic antioxidants.

Methods:

The analysis performed were total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total flavonols, tannin content and in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, and ORAC assays). Data were processed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis).

Results:

The use of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) suggested an unsupervised classification relationship based on level of functionality of the herbal teas. Higher levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were found in Anemopaegma mirandum while higher values of tannin content and total flavonols were found in Peumus boldus. All antioxidant activity assays showed significant correlations among each other (r > 0.84, p < 0.001), and with total phenolic and flavonoids (r > 0.83, p < 0.001). Using HCA, three clusters were suggested and cluster 1 showed the highest functionality.

Conclusion:

The herbal infusions evaluated can be a good resource of bioactive compounds to consume and supplementing food products. Nevertheless, future studies should focus on the evaluation of these herbal teas using in vivo systems to understand the mechanisms of action when these different herbal infusions are used as beverages.
Effect of job stress, emotional weakness and job satisfaction on intention to leave
Authors: Yo Putu Melati Purbaningrat , Supartha W. G.
Published: June 2019

This study used variable job stress, job satisfaction, job exhaustion and intention to leave. Aim to examine the effect of job stress variables on intention to leave, job satisfaction on intention to leave, emotional exhaustion on intention to leave. Strengthened on the basis of the theory of discrepancy theory, two-factor theory and continuance commitment. This study uses saturated sampling, which is a total sample of 48 employees operating at Matahari Department Store, Lipo Mall, Kuta Mall. The method of data collection uses interviewees and questionnaires with primary and secondary data sources. The results of the study using multiple linear regression analysis showed job stress has a positive effect on intention to leave, job satisfaction has a negative effect on intention to leave and emotional exhaustion has a positive effect on intention to leave.
Douglas-fir seedling quality in biochar-amended peat substrates
Authors: Sarauer Jessica L. , Coleman Mark D.
Published: June 2019

Artificial forest regeneration using nursery produced growing stock is commonplace in the Pacific Northwest. High quality seedlings are needed for outplanting success, which depends on a seedling’s ability to establish new roots and overcome stress. Containerized seedling stock is typically grown in artificial growing media.  Peat, a popular component of growing media, is a non-renewable resource.  Biochar has similar physical attributes to peat, which makes it a potential alternative.  In our study, we grew Douglas-fir seedlings in containers with biochar-amended peat-based growing media to determine if biochar could improve seedling quality. Douglas-fir seeds were sown in March 2016 and seedlings were grown under standard light and temperature conditions at an operational forest nursery for nine months. After nine months, seedling quality was assessed for height, diameter, cold hardiness, and root growth potential. Using biochar did not improve Douglas-fir seedling quality, except for slightly increasing cold hardiness and root growth potential for equivalently sized seedlings. Seedlings grown without biochar had increased height and diameter compared to seedlings with biochar and they had higher root growth potential (all dependent on fertilizer rates). Douglas-fir seedling quality might be improved with biochar amendment if negative growth impacts of soil reaction can be overcome.
Somatic Embryogenesis for Conifer Seedling Production
Authors: Denchev Plamen , Grossnickle Steven C.
Published: June 2019

Conifer somatic embryogenesis has long been recognized as an advanced vegetative propagation technology. Somatic embryogenesis provides a platform for capturing and long-term preservation of elite genotypes and developing commercial scale-up systems for mass production of plants. Although, significant success has been reported in improving conifer somatic embryogenic protocols, little has been presented to describe the complexity of integrating in vitro (laboratory) and ex-vitro (greenhouse) programs for developing a commercial production system capable of delivering tens of millions of conifer somatic seedlings. This integration requires both programs to run in concert and produce propagules capable of surviving and growing under greenhouse conditions at very early stages. It also requires the integration of seedling development events to ensure the production of quality seedlings that meet needs of the forest restoration program.

This paper describes the importance of protocol optimization for scaling-up the in vitro and ex vitro programs. The ‘biology of scaling’ is discussed in view of plant cell, embryo, germinant and somatic seedling requirements throughout the program. Logistical issues related to protocol optimization and scale-up are addressed. Specific control points for monitoring and controlling the commercial process are presented. The importance of developing standard operating procedures, media batch records, and quality control systems are discussed. Ultimately, a fully integrated system capable of producing tens of millions of conifer somatic seedlings is presented.
Socijalni rad u zdravstvu
Authors: Milić Babić Marina , Laklija Maja
Published: June 2019

Socijalni rad u sustavu zdravstva važan je segment formalnog sustava podrške, kako za same korisnike usluga zdravstvenog sustava tako i za članove obitelji pacijenata. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti doživljaj struke socijalnog rada u sustavu zdravstva iz perspektive socijalnih radnika zaposlenih u zdravstvu. Provedeno je kvalitativno istraživanje na namjernom uzorku socijalnih radnika zaposlenih u bolnicama. Podaci su prikupljeni primjenom polustrukturiranih intervjua i obrađeni metodom tematske analize te ukazuju na širok spektar uloga i poslovnih aktivnosti koje socijalni radnici obavljaju u svakodnevnom radu: informiranje, administrativni poslovi, savjetovanje, sudjelovanje u kriznim intervencijama te poduzimanje hitnih nezdravstvenih intervencija, individualni i grupni rad s pacijentima, suradnja s lokalnom zajednicom. Teškoće s kojima se socijalni radnici susreću sudionici opisu kroz: diskriminiran i hijerarhijski podređen položaj te loše uvjete rada. Zaključno socijalni radnici iznose preporuke za poboljšanje položaja socijalnog rada: unaprijediti suradnju s kolegama unutar sustava i šire, jačanje profesionalizacije socijalnog rada u sustavu zdravstva te tehnička i organizacijska unaprjeđenja.
Digital medicine
Authors: Grebenshchikova Elena
Published: June 2019

The digital health industry is developing rapidly: many new subjects are involved in the field of medicine; new opportunities for distant medical services, diagnostics, monitoring of patients’ health, and conducting medical research are emerging; electronic medical documentation is being developed, global medical information databases are being formed, etc. At the same time, the format of doctor-patient relationships is being transformed and new issues and challenges arise that require ethical evaluation. I identified three areas of digital medicine and analyzed issues of confidentiality, informed consent, autonomy and equity in each case. The impact of digital health technologies on the ethical contexts of medicine is uneven: telemedicine possesses the smallest revolutionary potential, which changes the mechanisms of doctor-patient interaction and actualizes issues of cultural differences. mHealth technologies significantly affect patient autonomy and change ways of sharing medical information. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is diverse in medicine, it can depersonalize relationships in medicine, radically change ideas about the role of the doctor and patient, lead to a radical restructuring of the medical care system in the center of which will be the new model of patient interaction with automated medical agents and systems.
Medical language – a unique linguistic phenomenon
Authors: Džuganová Božena
Published: June 2019

Medical language is the language used by medical experts in their professional communication and incorporates more than 2,500 years of a development influenced mostly by Greek and Latin medical traditions. Its specific features and characteristics are studied from various aspects. It is closely connected with the immense development of technology and science that brings new concepts to the language; medical vocabulary is an open and continually changing phenomenon and its units often acquire new meanings. Learning English medical language that has become a lingua franca during the last few decades creates certain obstacles for learners in the form of collocations, irregular forms, existence of synonyms, doublets, abbreviations, false friends, etc. To manage medical language at an appropriate level requires looking for the most convenient teaching and learning strategies. Good proficiency of English medical language opens new horizons to medical professionals and offers various options of its application in practice. As an international means of communication it slowly penetrates into national medical vocabularies worldwide.
Comparing the Efficacy of an Identical, Tailored Smoking Cessation Intervention Delivered by Mobile Text Messaging Versus Email: Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Gram Inger Torhild , Larbi Dillys , Wangberg Silje Camilla
Published: June 2019

Background

There is a need to deliver smoking cessation support at a population level, both in developed and developing countries. Studies on internet-based and mobile phone–based smoking cessation interventions have shown that these methods can be as effective as other methods of support, and they can have a wider reach at a lower cost.

Objective

This randomized controlled trial (RCT) aimed to compare, on a population level, the efficacy of an identical, tailored smoking cessation intervention delivered by mobile text messaging versus email.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide 2-arm, double-blinded, fully automated RCT, close to a real-world setting, in Norway. We did not offer incentives to increase participation and adherence or to decrease loss to follow-up. We recruited users of the website, slutta.no, an open, free, multi-component Norwegian internet-based smoking cessation program, from May 2010 until October 2012. Enrolled smokers were considered as having completed a time point regardless of their response status if it was 1, 3, 6, or 12 months post cessation. We assessed 7315 participants using the following inclusion criteria: knowledge of the Norwegian language, age 16 years or older, ownership of a Norwegian cell phone, having an email account, current cigarette smoker, willingness to set a cessation date within 14 days (mandatory), and completion of a baseline questionnaire for tailoring algorithms. Altogether, 6137 participants were eligible for the study and 4378 participants (71.33%) provided informed consent to participate in the smoking cessation trial. We calculated the response rates for participants at the completed 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post cessation. For each arm, we conducted an intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis for each completed time point. The main outcome was 7-day self-reported point prevalence abstinence (PPA) at the completed 6 months post cessation. We calculated effect size of the 7-day self-reported PPA in the text message arm compared with the email arm as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs for the 4 time points post cessation.

Results

At 6 months follow-up, 21.06% (384/1823) of participants in the text message arm and 18.62% (333/1788) in the email arm responded (P=.07) to the surveys. In the ITT analysis, 11.46% (209/1823) of participants in the text message arm compared with 10.96% (196/1788) in the email arm (OR 1.05, 95% CI 0.86-1.30) reported to have achieved 7 days PPA.

Conclusions

This nationwide, double-blinded, large, fully automated RCT found that 1 in 9 enrolled smokers reported 7-day PPA in both arms, 6 months post cessation. Our study found that identical smoking cessation interventions delivered by mobile text messaging and email may be equally successful at a population level.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01103427; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01103427
Validation and Acceptability of a Cuffless Wrist-Worn Wearable Blood Pressure Monitoring Device Among Users and Health Care Professionals: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Cartledge Susie , Karmakar Chandan , Rawstorn Jonathan Charles , Fraser Steve F , Chow Clara , Maddison Ralph
Published: June 2019

Background

Blood pressure (BP) is an important modifiable cardiovascular risk factor, yet its long-term monitoring remains problematic. Wearable cuffless devices enable the capture of multiple BP measures during everyday activities and could improve BP monitoring, but little is known about their validity or acceptability.

Objective

This study aimed to validate a wrist-worn cuffless wearable BP device (Model T2; TMART Technologies Limited) and assess its acceptability among users and health care professionals.

Methods

A mixed methods study was conducted to examine the validity and comparability of a wearable cuffless BP device against ambulatory and home devices. BP was measured simultaneously over 24 hours using wearable and ambulatory devices and over 7 days using wearable and home devices. Pearson correlation coefficients compared the degree of association between the measures, and limits of agreement (LOA; Bland-Altman plots) were generated to assess measurement bias. Semistructured interviews were conducted with users and 10 health care professionals to assess acceptability, facilitators, and barriers to using the wearable device. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed.

Results

A total of 9090 BP measurements were collected from 20 healthy volunteers (mean 20.3 years, SD 5.4; N=10 females). Mean (SD) systolic BP (SBP)/diastolic BP (DBP) measured using the ambulatory (24 hours), home (7 days), and wearable (7 days) devices were 126 (SD 10)/75 (SD 6) mm Hg, 112 (SD 10)/71 (SD 9) mm Hg and 125 (SD 4)/77 (SD 3) mm Hg, respectively. Mean (LOA) biases and precision between the wearable and ambulatory devices over 24 hours were 0.5 (−10.1 to 11.1) mm Hg for SBP and 2.24 (−17.6 to 13.1) mm Hg for DBP. The mean biases (LOA) and precision between the wearable and home device over 7 days were −12.7 (−28.7 to 3.4) mm Hg for SBP and −5.6 (−20.5 to 9.2) mm Hg for DBP. The wearable BP device was well accepted by participants who found the device easy to wear and use. Both participants and health care providers agreed that the wearable cuffless devices were easy to use and that they could be used to improve BP monitoring.

Conclusions

Wearable BP measures compared well against a gold-standard ambulatory device, indicating potential for this user-friendly method to augment BP management, particularly by enabling long-term monitoring that could improve treatment titration and increase understanding of users’ BP response during daily activity and stressors.
The Shape of Public Governance in Taiwan: Penetrating the Boundary between Public Management and Public Policy
Authors: Hsieh Jun Yi
Published: June 2019

Despite a wealth of research on public governance and development of public administration in East Asian countries, there have been few studies of public governance in Taiwan. The articles in this symposium are empirical cases of public governance in Taiwan, in the intersection between public management and policy, covering both the central and local governments, and including both qualitative and quantitative methods, with research designs that use data that are cross-sectional, longitudinal and panel analysis. The substantive topics examined include open governance, public service motivation, management innovation, civil resistance, policy streams, and public human research management. Each paper concludes with policy and management implications.
Conflux or Conflict: How Public Managers and Public Employees See Civil Service Promotion
Authors: Hsieh Jun Yi , Huang Huan-Jung
Published: June 2019

Civil service promotion (CSP) is a key construct linked to other operations of public human resource management. However, it has received scant attention. This study uses second-order confirmatory factor analysis to test the theoretical perspectives of CSP. It then uses multiple regression to test how individual demographics influence public managers’ and public employees’ perceptions of CSP. The stratified samples were extracted from Taiwan's cabinet-level ministries. The results demonstrated a significant difference in civil service promotion structure between public managers and public employees. The results also indicated that the respondents’ demographics are associated with differences in CSP between public managers and public employees. The findings and implications were discussed.
Examining the Perception and Use of Open Crime Data from a Citizen Perspective
Authors: Hung Mei Jen , Hsieh Wan-Hua
Published: June 2019

The disclosure of public information is an important issue in government practice. Freely used and accessible data produced by government bodies presumably encourages citizen participation and makes government more transparent and accountable. However, there is limited evidence that citizens would take advantage of open data and on what drives that usagee. This study expands the technology acceptance model to take into account citizens’ perception of open data's potential societal risks as well as potential advantages to society and the advantages of delivering positive social outcomes. The analysis of results from of an online survey conducted in Taiwan in May 2017 confirms that a majority of respondents agree that open crime data has advantages compared with aggregate-level statistical data, while risks involved in the adoption of open crime data is are indeed a concern for a majority of respondents. Both help to explain citizens’ intentions of using to use open crime data. Citizens’ perception of usefulness is positively related to their intention to use open data. However, perceived ease of use of open crime data is not significantly associated with the intention to use open crime data directly. Future research should consider other ways to reach citizens who do not use the internet regularly. A better understanding of citizens’ responses to open data helps government design continued improvements to open data.
Inisiasi Ketangguhan Masyarakat dalam Mengatasi Adiksi NAPZA: Menelaah Program Rehabilitasi
Authors: Adiyanti Maria Goretti , Rozi Hasan Fahrur
Published: June 2019

The problem of drug abuse and addiction cannot yet be resolved completely even though many addicts have done rehabilitation. This paper aims to analize intervention programs for drug addicts and propose alternative programs that emphasize psychological aspects. This paper begins by interpreting the implementation of the Drug Rehabilitation Center Practice and relaps after the addict completes rehabilitation. An understanding of addiction is needed to provide an understanding of the mental state of addicts and the process of change that must be experienced during the rehabilitation process. The recovery process through the Rehabilitation Institution will be discussed, especially in achieving "clean and sober" conditions. At the end of the article an alternative of psychological growth program is presented as a complementary program with the exsisting TC program. Psychological growth programs are expected to have a contribution to overcome psychological problems that until now have not been addressed
Hacia la aplicación iusnaturalista del derecho positivo y la positivización de los derechos naturales. Buscando la reconciliación de las teorías
Authors: De Silva Gutiérrez Gustavo
Published: June 2019

Tradicionalmente se han observado al iusnaturalismo y al derecho positivo como corrientes de difícil convergencia, al sustentar teorías conceptuales diversas e incluso irreconciliables, pues mientras el derecho natural sostiene la exigencia de justicia como parámetro de validez y por lo tanto, las normas injustas no son parte del derecho, el derecho positivo admite que el contenido de la norma (aunque no parezca justa) no es condición sine qua non para conformar derecho. En el presente trabajo se realiza una propuesta que acerca ambas teorías, estableciendo al iusnaturalismo como fuente de derecho y parámetro de validez normativa del iuspositivismo, en la medida en que, en el segundo supuesto, los conceptos de justicia puedan emanar de la parte axiológica del sistema. 

 
“Dignità contro dignità”? Sulla natura antidemocratica della tortura
Authors: Lalatta Costerbosa Marina
Published: June 2019

Questo documento si concentra sul recente dibattito sulla ri-legalizzazione della tortura nel contesto della cosiddetta “guerra al terrorismo”. Il saggio muove da una definizione del concetto di legge come limite della forza e della democrazia come ideale politico, non solo come metodo di governo. Sottolinea, inoltre, l’estrema violenza connessa alla tortura in quanto tale. Questi due elementi: il concetto di legge e la natura della tortura mostrano l’errore dei principali argomenti di tortura oggi. In particolare, l’A. critica la cosiddetta argomentazione “dignità contro dignità” (in tedesco, Würde gegen Würde) e la relativa premoderna interpretazione dell’idea di dignità umana.

 
The LTTV Consultations: Mapping Old and New Interests in Television Today
Authors: Luka Mary Elizabeth , Middleton Catherine
Published: June 2019

This article unpacks two infographic analyses to highlight two important themes regarding changes to the distribution systems and business models for the converging broadcast and telecommunications industry. First is that the recent revolution in production practices is now reverberating through the distribution system, as illustrated by a provisional mapping of a complex stakeholder ecosystem. Second is the clarity and consistency of the messages received from Canadians during CRTC consultations. In the Let’s Talk TV consultations, consumer-citizen messages centered on the desirability of readily available online and on-demand content, particularly Canadian and local content. By showing various stakeholders and their points of intersection throughout the process, this article aims to make a complex business more comprehensible, or at least more accessible, to a broad audience.
Antiviral Marketing: The Informationalization of HIV Prevention
Authors: MacAulay Margaret
Published: June 2019

Background Leveraging the affordances of technology to enhance human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevention efforts has become an increasing public health priority. Grounded in a case study examining the role of networked information technologies in reshaping the HIV prevention landscape for gay men in San Francisco and Vancouver, this article proposes that HIV prevention has become informationalized.

Analysis The informationalization of HIV prevention is a convergent and participatory process where networked information technologies not only mediate but also produce HIV risk subjectivities, discourses, and practices in ambivalent ways.

Conclusion and implications This article argues that although informationalization creates many important opportunities to revitalize HIV prevention, the binary logic of data and code can unwittingly reproduce hierarchies of guilt/innocence and perpetrator/victim that pose challenges for community-based HIV advocacy efforts.
Envisioning a Habitus of Hygiene: Hands as Disease Media in Public Health Handwashing Campaigns
Authors: Hamilton Sheryl N.
Published: June 2019

Background Public health posters exhorting viewers to wash their hands to prevent the spread of communicable disease are common in airports, shopping malls, hospitals, and workplaces. Yet the poster remains understudied by scholars working in communication, health, and governance.

Analysis Analyzing a large corpus of Canadian public health posters targeting handwashing, this article identifies three themes: the articulation of an embodied pedagogy aimed at daily practices; the recognition of our body surfaces and those of people and things around us as contaminated skins; and the production of haptic visuality.

Conclusion and implications These posters promote a habitus of hygiene, inviting us to modify our haptic etiquette, to see, know, and inhabit our bodies differently, and to imagine and interact with our environment on new terms.
The Digital Divide and How It Matters for Canadian Food System Equity
Authors: Bronson Kelly , Knezevic Irena
Published: June 2019

Policy discussions have raised concerns about how big data are used and who has knowledge about the ways in which they are used. These discussions, however, have largely ignored the role that digitization plays in agriculture. Consequently, the digitization of agriculture is unfolding with very little regulatory intervention. Drawing on ongoing research, this article argues that this omission may be critical, and suggests how it can be considered in current policy endeavours.
Artificial Intelligence Policy Innovations at the Canadian Federal Government
Authors: McKelvey Fenwick , MacDonald Margaret
Published: June 2019

This article summarizes two initiatives for artificial intelligence (AI) underway in the Canadian public service: public consultation and collaboration in compiling an algorithmic impact assessment, and a symposium on AI and human rights held by Global Affairs Canada. The findings contextualize the national consultations on digital and data transformation and future steps for more inclusive AI governance in Canada.
Gestión educativa para la participación activa de la familia en el rendimiento académico en el Liceo de Colorado de Abangares
Authors: Sánchez-Salazar Esteban
Published: June 2019

El artículo analiza las acciones de la gestión educativa que refuerzan el apoyo de la familia al estudiantado de noveno año para mejorar su rendimiento académico. El estudio se realiza por el bajo rendimiento observado en las pruebas de bachillerato en el Liceo de Colorado. Para comprender la problemática se debe tener en cuenta una serie de factores externos e internos que afectan dicho rendimiento académico como, por ejemplo, la situación socioeconómica, el apoyo de la familia, la gestión realizada por el centro educativo, entre otras. Entre los principales resultados se encontró que la gestión educativa se encuentra en una etapa en la que no se ha integrado a la familia y realiza una colaboración pasiva y asistencialista, la cual no beneficia el rendimiento académico. Por eso, el gestor educativo tiene la labor de planear e implementar estrategias que impulsen la integración familiar al centro educativo con una participación activa con el fin de incrementar el rendimiento del alumnado.