bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementation of UV rotational Raman channel to improve aerosol retrievals from multiwavelength lidar
Authors: Ortiz-Amezcua Pablo , Bedoya-Velásquez Andrés Esteban , Benavent-Oltra Jose Antonio , Pérez-Ramírez Daniel , Veselovskii Igor , Castro-Santiago Mario , Bravo-Aranda Juan Antonio , Guedes Anderson , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis , Alados-Arboledas Lucas
Published: February 2020

Vibrational Raman effect is widely used in atmospheric lidar systems, but rotational Raman present several advantages. We have implemented a new setup in the ultraviolet branch of an existing multiwavelength lidar system to collect signal from rotational Raman lines of Oxygen and Nitrogen. We showed that, with an appropriate filter wavelength selection, the systematic error introduced in the particle optical properties due to temperature dependence was less than 4%. With this new setup, we have been able to retrieve aerosol extinction and backscatter coefficients profiles at 355 nm with 1-h time resolution during daytime and up to 1-min time resolution during nighttime.
Tunable and enhanced Goos-Hänchen shift via surface plasmon resonance assisted by a coherent medium
Authors: Wan Ren-Gang , Zubairy M. Suhail
Published: February 2020

We present a scheme for enhancing Goos-Hänchen shift of light beam that is reflected from a coherent atomic medium in the Kretschmann-Raether configuration. The complex permittivity of the medium can be coherently controlled and has significant influence on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at the metal-medium interface. By tuning the atomic absorption, the internal damping of SPR system can be modulated effectively, thereby leading to giant positive and negative lateral displacements. The refractive index of medium determines the SPR angle. Thus the peak position of the beam shift becomes tunable. As the optical response of the coherent medium depends on the intensity and detuning of the controlling fields, we are able to conveniently manipulate the magnitude, the sign, and the angular position of Goos-Hänchen shift peaks.
Suppressing stimulated Raman scattering in kW-level continuous-wave MOPA fiber laser based on long-period fiber gratings
Authors: Jiao Kerong , Shen Hua , Guan Zhiwen , Yang Feiyan , Zhu Rihong
Published: February 2020

Two long-period fiber gratings (LPFGs) used to separately suppress the stimulated-Raman-scattering (SRS) in the seed and amplifier of kW-level continuous-wave (CW) MOPA fiber laser are developed in this paper. A process that combines constant-low-temperature and dynamic-high-temperature annealing was employed to reduce the thermal slopes of 10/130 µm (diameter of core/cladding fiber) and 14/250 LPFGs, used in the seed and amplifier respectively, from 0.48 °C/W to 0.04 °C/W and from 0.53 °C/W to 0.038 °C/W. We also proposed a reduced-sensitivity packaging method to effectively reduce the influence of axial-stress, bending, and environmental temperature on LPFGs. Further, we established a kW-level CW MOPA system to test SRS suppression performance of the LPFGs. Experimental results demonstrated that the SRS suppression ratios of the 10/130 and 14/250 LPFGs exceed 97.0% and 99.6%, respectively.
Photon-counting, energy-resolving and super-resolution phase contrast X-ray imaging using an integrating detector.
Authors: O’Connell Dylan W. , Morgan Kaye S. , Ruben Gary , Schaff Florian , Croton Linda C. P. , Buckley Genevieve A. , Paganin David M. , Uesugi Kentaro , Kitchen Marcus J.
Published: February 2020

This work demonstrates the use of a scientific-CMOS (sCMOS) energy-integrating detector as a photon-counting detector, thereby eliminating dark current and read-out noise issues, that simultaneously provides both energy resolution and sub-pixel spatial resolution for X-ray imaging. These capabilities are obtained by analyzing visible light photon clouds that result when X-ray photons produce fluorescence from a scintillator in front of the visible light sensor. Using low-fluence monochromatic X-ray projections to avoid overlapping photon clouds, the centroid of individual X-ray photon interactions was identified. This enabled a tripling of the spatial resolution of the detector to 6.71 ± 0.04 µm. By calculating the total charge deposited by this interaction, an energy resolution of 61.2 ± 0.1% at 17 keV was obtained. When combined with propagation-based phase contrast imaging and phase retrieval, a signal-to-noise ratio of up to 15 ± 3 was achieved for an X-ray fluence of less than 3 photons/mm2.
PFNet: an unsupervised deep network for polarization image fusion
Authors: Zhang Junchao , Shao Jianbo , Chen Jianlai , Yang Degui , Liang Buge , Liang Rongguang
Published: February 2020

Image fusion is the key step to improve the performance of object detection in polarization images. We propose an unsupervised deep network to address the polarization image fusion issue. The network learns end-to-end mapping for fused images from intensity and degree of linear polarization images, without the ground truth of fused images. Customized architecture and loss function are designed to boost performance. Experimental results show that our proposed network outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in terms of visual quality and quantitative measurement.
Bessel-like beams with controllable rotating local linear polarization during propagation
Authors: Lü Jia-Qi , Wang Xiao-Lei , Zhang Guan-Lin , Tu Chenghou , Li Yongnan , Wang Hui-Tian
Published: February 2020

Bessel-like beams with controllable rotation of local linear polarization upon propagation are generated, which in fact achieve the evolution of polarization states along the equator of the Poincaré sphere during propagation. Based on the amplitude–phase joint modulation method, the rotation direction and rate of polarizations of the Bessel-like beam can be controlled easily by adjusting the radial indices and intensity ratio of two superposed beams. A rotation angle of

∼

800 deg has been achieved after a propagation distance of 120 mm, corresponding to a rotation rate of

∼

6.7 deg/mm, which is about three times higher than in previous works.
Topological photonic crystal fibers and ring resonators
Authors: Pilozzi Laura , Leykam Daniel , Chen Zhigang , Conti Claudio
Published: February 2020

With an exact recursive approach, we study photonic crystal fibers and resonators with topological features induced by Aubry–Andre–Harper cladding modulation. We find nontrivial gaps and edge states at the interface between regions with different topological invariants. These structures show topological protection against symmetry-preserving local perturbations that do not close the gap and sustain strong field localization and energy concentration at a given radial distance. As topological light guiding and trapping devices, they may bring about many opportunities for both fundamentals and applications unachievable with conventional devices.
Ultra-high capacity for three-dimensional optical data storage inside transparent fluorescent tape
Authors: Yuan Xupeng , Zhao Miao , Guo Xinjun , Li Yao , Yu Yang , Gan Zongsong , Ruan Hao
Published: February 2020

In this Letter, we show an ultralarge capacity for three-dimensional optical data storage inside transparent fluorescent tape using the two-photon absorption photo-bleaching method. We can obtain transparent fluorescent tape by means of the simple dip method. We successfully demonstrate recording and reading of six layers of binary data bits with lateral separation of 2 µm and longitudinal layer separation of 3 µm. Thus, this result leads to a storage density of approximately

80

G
b
i
t
s

/

c
m

3

. Therefore, we can realize authentic ultrahigh capacity optical data storage using long transparent fluorescent tape in the future, like magnetic tape, and fundamentally solve the data explosion disaster.
LED array reflectance microscopy for scattering-based multi-contrast imaging
Authors: Song Weiye , Matlock Alex , Fu Sipei , Qin Xiaodan , Feng Hui , Gabel Christopher V. , Tian Lei , Yi Ji
Published: February 2020

LED array microscopy is an emerging platform for computational imaging with significant utility for biological imaging. Existing LED array systems often exploit transmission imaging geometries of standard brightfield microscopes that leave the rich backscattered field undetected. This backscattered signal contains high-resolution sample information with superb sensitivity to subtle structural features that make it ideal for biological sensing and detection. Here, we develop an LED array reflectance microscope capturing the sample’s backscattered signal. In particular, we demonstrate multimodal brightfield, darkfield, and differential phase contrast imaging on fixed and living biological specimens including Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans), zebrafish embryos, and live cell cultures. Video-rate multimodal imaging at 20 Hz records real time features of freely moving C. elegans and the fast beating heart of zebrafish embryos. Our new reflectance mode is a valuable addition to the LED array microscopic toolbox.
Orthogonality-breaking polarimetric sensing modalities for selective polarization imaging
Authors: Parnet François , Staes Jonathan , Fade Julien , Ortega-Quijano Noé , Alouini Mehdi
Published: February 2020

Polarimetric sensing/imaging by orthogonality breaking is a microwave-photonics-inspired optical remote sensing technique that was shown to be particularly suited to characterize dichroic samples in a direct and single-shot way. In this work, we expand the scope of this approach in order to gain sensitivity on birefringent and/or purely depolarizing materials by respectively introducing a circular or a linear polarization analyzer in the detection module. We experimentally validate the interest of these two new, to the best of our knowledge, induced orthogonality-breaking modalities in the context of infrared active imaging.
El Seiscientos, un símbolo social de la España del desarrollismo
Authors: Martín-Sánchez Isabel
Published: February 2020

Uno de los símbolos más emblemáticos de la segunda mitad del siglo XX en España es el Seiscientos. Este vehículo, que recibió múltiples acepciones populares, como “pelotilla”, “Seílla”, “garbancito”, forma parte de la memoria colectiva y marcó a varias generaciones, debido, no solo a su alta demanda y difusión, sino a la amplitud del periodo de producción, que abarcó dieciséis años, desde los inicios de su fabricación, en mayo de 1957, hasta agosto de 1973, en los que se produjeron 794.406 unidades.Pero el Seiscientos fue también el símbolo del periodo de “desarrollismo” de los años sesenta, en los que España experimentó una profunda transformación económica, social y cultural. Este utilitario fue representativo de un mayor status social: el de la clase media surgida de ese crecimiento económico.
El otoño de Praga. Checoslovaquia y la disidencia ortodoxa en el comunismo español (1968-1989)
Authors: Abad García Eduardo
Published: February 2020

Este artículo pretende analizar el impacto de la crisis checoslovaca en la construcción sociocultural del comunismo ortodoxo español. Los comunistas ortodoxos fueron una corriente que tuvo su base en las divergencias surgidas fruto del cambio de rumbo del Partido Comunista de España en los años finales del Franquismo y la Transición. Como respuesta a esos cambios, muchos comunistas sintieron la necesidad de defender su identidad comunista. En este proceso destaca el papel que tuvo el Partido Comunista Checoslovaco (PCCH), por su perfil clave en la historia de este movimiento. Este fue el único partido del campo socialista que acabó rompiendo relaciones con el PCE, lo que le permitió apoyar a todos estos partidos y tener un papel significativo en el camino hacia su unificación. Checoslovaquia fue el país a través del cual los países socialistas ayudaron directamente a esta corriente en sus primeros años de vida
Seguros Sociales y confluencias doctrinales en España e Italia (1938-1944/47)
Authors: Marín Guillermo
Published: February 2020

En este texto se analiza la labor desempeñada por las publicaciones emanadas del Instituto Nacional de Previsión español (INP) y del Istituto Nazionale (Fascista) della Previdenza Sociale italiano (INFPS), como instituciones difusoras de una concepción de los seguros sociales públicos con un marcado sesgo nacionalizador, y en línea con el perfil totalitario de ambas instituciones en la cronología planteada. El objeto de estudio se enmarca, además, en un contexto europeo/internacional, el de inicios de los años 30 del s. XX, de vocación ensanchadora de los sistemas de previsión social públicos/nacionales en espacios de diversos colores políticos.El estudio comparado del corpus editor de ambos entes hace asomar paralelismos notorios en líneas discursivas y pautas de actuación, tanto en la cronología central de análisis como en los años inmediatamente posteriores al final de la 2ª Guerra Mundial, cuando ambos países se orientaron a una concepción de sus seguros sociales en línea con los planteamientos de William Beveridge.
El mutualismo catalán: la construcción desde debajo de la ciudadanía social
Authors: Duch Plana Montserrat
Published: February 2020

Las carencias múltiples que afectaban a las clases populares en la sociedad catalana  contemporánea constituyen la clave explicativa de la proliferación de las Sociedades de Seguros Mutuos, sin el nexo entre ambas se hace ininteligible la extensión de la cultura de la solidaridad concebida horizontalmente entre iguales. Sin obviar los debates historiográficos sobre el caso catalán en el conjunto hispánico el texto se focaliza en su desarrollo cronológico y geográfico para objetivar el alcance de sus prestaciones en cuanto a cobertura de riesgos y prestaciones económicas. El objetivo central remite a la tradición mutualista en Cataluña: arraigo, cartografía y limitaciones  en la “tierra de cooperación” en las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Un esfuerzo de autoorganización desde abajo que presenta funcionalidad cohesionadora en el marco de relaciones de producción, de poder y de experiencia del capitalismo industrial; constituyéndose quizás en la más destacada experiencia de sociabilidad formal.
War and the Welfare State: The Case of Italy, from WWI to Fascism
Authors: Pavan Ilaria
Published: February 2020

Antes del inicio de la Primera Guerra Mundial, Italia se encontraba entre los países europeos menos avanzados en términos de políticas sociales. Esto se debió tanto a la fragilidad del proceso de construcción del Estado, que comenzó en 1860, como a la debilidad relativa de las organizaciones de trabajadores. Atendiendo a líneas de acercamiento recientes que muestra los múltiples vínculos causales entre los desarrollos del Estado de Bienestar y la guerra, este artículo pretende examinar las peculiaridades del escenario italiano. Enfrentados a las nuevas necesidades sociales provocadas por la guerra total, los gobiernos italianos experimentaron una actividad sin precedentes en el campo de las políticas sociales, especialmente en el último año del conflicto y en el período inmediato de posguerra, lo que supuso una evolución radical con respecto al contexto de preguerra. Al analizar las diversas medidas adoptadas, y la retórica que las justificaba y rodeaba, este texto muestra cómo la Primera Guerra Mundial puede considerarse como el verdadero punto de arranque en la construcción del Welfare Stateitaliano.
Latin America: Reduced S&T Investment Puts Sustainable Development at Risk
Authors: Bolaños-Villegas Pablo , Cabrerizo Franco , Brown Federico , Zancan Patricia , Barrera John F. , González-Muñoz Pablo A. , Grecco Hernán , Kalergis Alexis , Paula-Lima Andrea , Vargas-Balda Ronald , Gittens Rolando , López Vergès Sandra , Wilson Christian
Published: February 2020

Latin America is home to more than 600 million people and has considerable natural and human resources. However, investment in science and technology (S&T) lags far behind that in developed countries. This gap represents a barrier to the development of economies based on knowledge and hampers the region's ability to tackle environmental and social problems. This lack of investment is evident in the extreme case of Venezuela, where much of the science workforce has fled economic chaos, but also in every Latin American country, including science powers such as Brazil and Argentina, where federal budgets in science, technology and education have been drastically reduced in recent years. Investments in S&T foster cooperation, commerce and good will and enhance resilience in the face of environmental and social turmoil. Therefore, scientists must start to actively engage governments and encourage long-term spending in S&T to support the development of Latin American societies.
Merit of the paper "PP2A inhibition sensitize cancer stem cells to ABL tyrosine kinase inhibition in BCR-ABL human leukemia" authored by Lai et al. [Science Translational Medicine (2019) Vol. 11, Issue 501, eaau0416, DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aau0416]
Authors: Tung H.Y. Lim
Published: February 2020

The paper by Lai et al. [1] showed that inhibition of PP-2A with LB100 or LB102 in conjunction with Tyrosine kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) was effective at targeting BCR-ABL
+ blast cells and insensitive leukemic stem cells (LSCs). Perotti et al. [2] has severely criticised the paper by Lai et al [2]. However, Perotti et al. [2] has failed to appreciate an important principle of the role of PP-2A as a tumor suppressor and its regulation in the cell, namely that in general, PP-2A dephosphoryltes and inactivates enzymes and proteins that upregulate cell proliferation, cell survival, tumorigenic and metastasizing pathways but with a limited number of of enzymes and proteins, PP-2A acts to upregulate them. Thus, PP-2A is a double-edge sword and modulation of its activity must be calibrated empirically. Also, Perotti et al. [2] has misunderstood an important principle of enzyme regulation, namely that PP-2A is regulated by inhibitory and activating molecules and not through "targeting proteins" which has not been scientifically verified. It is submitted that the paper by Lai et al. [1] has strong merit as it shows for the first time that an inhibitor of PP-2A can synergize with a TKI.
Praktik Sosial Goenawan Mohamad di Arena Sastra Indonesia pada Tahun 1990-an: Kajian Sosiologi Anthony Giddens
Authors: Maharani Aprilia Ciptaning , Susanto Dwi
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out how GM's social practices as agents in the Indonesian literary arena in the 1990s, and the structural responses to these social practices. This research is qualitative. The material object is GM's social practice in the Indonesian literary arena in the 1990s, while the formal object is the arena structure's response to the action. Data analysis was performed by chronological mapping accompanied by decomposition that referred to Anthony Giddens's sociological theories. Based on research that has been done, the results show that GM runs social practices by occupying several arena structures, including Horison, AJ and DKJ, Tempo through Caping, and KUK. The structural response to these actions was manifested in several conflicts, contradictions and acceptances that helped to bolster the existence of GM's literacy in the Indonesian literary arena from the beginning to the 1990s.
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: Epidemiology, Role of EUS in Diagnosis, Role of ERCP, Endoscopic Palliation
Authors: Zar Sameer , Kohoutová Darina , Bureš Jan
Published: February 2020

Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide and is associated with a poor survival rate. The vast majority of pancreatic cancers are inoperable at the time of diagnosis. In the absence of metastatic disease, operability depends on the extent of local disease; in particular, the presence or absence of vascular and lymph node involvement. Adequate staging is vital in deciding an appropriate treatment plan. Cross sectional imaging including CT, MRI and PET-CT are commonly used for staging. However, EUS is a useful adjunct for accurate loco-regional staging in addition to allowing diagnostic tissue samples to be obtained. Emerging EUS-guided therapeutic techniques have opened up new horizons in the management of pancreatic malignancy. EUS guidance can be used for coeliac plexus neurolysis in patients with intractable pain and fiducial placement in directing stereotactic radiotherapy. The majority of patients with cancer of the pancreatic head present with biliary obstruction. ERCP can be used to drain the obstructed biliary system with plastic or metal stents and offers an opportunity to confirm the diagnosis by obtaining brush cytology and forceps biopsy specimens. EUS-guided choledocho-duodenostomy or hepatico-gastrostomy is increasingly being employed for draining the biliary system if ERCP is unsuccessful.
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I in Children, a Forgotten Diagnosis Responsible for Undiagnosed Musculoskeletal Complaints: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Moghadam Soheila Hoseinzadeh , Ghahvechi Masood , Mozafari Fatemeh , Sayarifard Fatemeh , Mousavi Mahdieh-Sadat , Rostami Reza , Ziaee Vahid
Published: February 2020

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a subgroup of lysosomal storage disorders. The underlying mechanism of MPS disorders are deficiency in specific enzymes which leads to accumulation of partially degraded glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in various tissues. A wide variety of manifestations are reported but musculoskeletal complaints are common among them. In milder forms of MPS, musculoskeletal complaints are presenting symptoms. Delays in diagnosis due to unspecific and mild symptoms is common. Misdiagnosis of MPS as juvenile idiopathic arthritis and other inflammatory arthritis disorders is frequent. Early diagnosis and treatment prevents irreversible cellular damages and is a key factor in efficacy of enzyme replacement therapy. In this study we described two MPS patients with musculoskeletal complaints who were not diagnosed for a period of time. Although musculoskeletal manifestation are common in a variety of clinical conditions, their presence at low ages or co-occurrence of other manifestations (such as cardiac, respiratory, neurologic, etc.) in multiple systems should prompt evaluation of patients for MPS and other metabolic disorders. The rheumatologists’ awareness on MPS should be promoted to achieve timely diagnosis and subsequent early treatment.
„Wychowanie dobre dziecięciu szlacheckiemu” – Hieronim Baliński o edukacji
Authors: Żołądź-Strzelczyk Dorota
Published: February 2020

Hieronim Baliński’s treatise on upbringing a noble boy, written in 1598, commissioned by Jan Łączyński for his son Kasper, has been used in literature for a long time. It is among the best known educational instructions the Old Polish period. Providing his guidance, Baliński showed exemplary education of a nobility boy. Baliński divided it into stages, taking into account the most important elements: religious and moral, physical and mental education. He also showed how to deal with a child and not discourage him from learning. In his opinion, religious education was of greatest importance as it was necessary for a young child to know God, His goodness, patience, mercy and love of human beings. The first stage of education was home schooling after which Baliński recommended a country school, followed by a trip abroad. A boy should take his first trip to Germany at the age of 12 and stay abroad for 2–3 years. According to Baliński, it was a prelude to the main journey which was to take place after a short stay at home. During the break, a young nobleman should be acquainted with the local law, operations of the court and the Parliament. Around the age of fifteen, a young man with a guardian appointed by his father should go abroad once again, this time to Italy, to develop his education and skills. Upon return from the trip, the young man continued education by transition to the adult life. Baliński recommended a court chancellery and military service. In the treatise he points out how a boy should behave towards other people; he also raised issues related to child nutrition and clothing. What is more, Baliński provided tips on physical development and exercises appropriate for children. The major source of Baliński’s treatise was religious literature although he probably referred to Quintilian’s and Mikołaj Rej’s works. According to his own account, Baliński drew on his experience and numerous conversations. The ideal man, as presented by him, bears resemblance to Rej’s faithful and mediocre “kind-hearted man”.
Bibliografia historii wychowania, szkolnictwa i myśli pedagogicznej w Polsce za rok 2017 (z uzupełnieniami za lata poprzednie)
Authors: Gruca Anna
Published: February 2020

Bibliografia historii wychowania, szkolnictwa i myśli pedagogicznej w Polsce za rok 2017 (z uzupełnieniami za lata poprzednie)
Strukturalne i programowe reformy polskiej oświaty w latach 1998–2017 na łamach tygodnika „Polityka”
Authors: Gołębiowski Dariusz
Published: February 2020

A radical reform of the education system, one of the pillars of the four major reforms of Jerzy Buzek’s government, followed by a reform of the core curriculum by Minister Katarzyna Hall, and finally a controversial reform by Anna Zalewska under which some middle-level schools in operation since 1999 are being shut down are events covered in numerous publications, among them in leading opinion weeklies in Poland. One of such weeklies is “Polityka,” published continuously since 1957, where dozens of articles on education and reforms have been published over the last 20 years. The article is a concise analysis of the texts published in “Polityka”, the issues raised and the authors’ attitudes to the changes introduced in the subsequent years to the Polish education system.
Autonomous Vehicles – a New Challenge to Human Rights?
Authors: Iwan Dominika
Published: February 2020

New technologies, as autonomous vehicles are, disrupt the way people exist, and con-sequently with human rights. Research devoted to artificial intelligence and robotics moves freely and the destination, for the time being, is unknown. This is the reason why special attention should be paid to the ethics of these branches of computer science in order to prevent the creation of a crisis point, when human beings are no longer neces-sary.. The aim of this paper is to examine whether such development is a new challenge to human rights law and what happens when an autonomous vehicle drives an autono-mous human being. The paper also mentions the desirable level of human control over the machine so that human dignity, from which human rights originate, is preserved.
The Good Neighbourliness Principle in Relations Between the European Union and its Eastern European Neighbours
Authors: Kalicka-Mikołajczyk Adriana
Published: February 2020

The good neighbourliness principle is one of the most important principles in interna-tional law which designates a model of peaceful cooperation and mutual tolerance among neighbouring states. Its violation in the past, however, very often led to military conflicts and many international disputes and may lead to serious disputes among neighbouring states in the future. Thus, the good neighbourliness principle has a clear legal value54. This article analyses the good neighbourliness principle as a key principle that obligates neighbouring states to develop and to maintain peaceful interstate relations. The focus is twofold: firstly, on the scope, content and nature of the good neighbourliness principle in international law and secondly, on the impact of the good neighbourliness princi-ple on the relations between the European Union and its Eastern Neighbours within the framework of the neighbourhood policy and the enlargement policy.
The Effects of Deep-Breathing Exercises on Postoperative Sleep Duration and Quality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG): a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Ghorbani Azam , Hajizadeh Fatemeh , Sheykhi Mohammad Reza , Mohammadpoor asl Asghar
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Disordered sleep occurs frequently in patients who have undergone coronary bypass graft surgery, and it contributes to increased morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization. The present study aimed to determine the effects of deep-breathing exercises on postoperative sleep duration and quality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft. Methods: This study was a clinical trial. The study sample included 64 patients who were coronary artery bypass graft hospitalized from January 2015 to April 2015 in Qazvin Booali-Sina hospital. The patients were selected by convenient sampling and then the participants were randomly allocated to the intervention and control groups. The baseline and postoperative (day 7) sleep duration and quality metrics were measured. The St Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire was used to evaluate sleep quality in two groups. Results: Baseline night sleep duration was 5.72 (1.63) hours in the control group and 5.58 (1.07) hours in the intervention group. The initial findings showed that the mean of sleep quality score of patients in the intervention and control groups were 19.72 (2.68) and 18.22 (3.81) respectively. These measurements did not decline postoperatively in the intervention group while night sleep duration and quality declined in the control group. Deep breathing exercise program had a significant effect on sleep quality score in the intervention group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results indicated that deep breathing exercises prevent decline in sleep quality postoperatively. It seems to be a safe method with no side effects for these patients. Furthermore, it is a simple method to implement and does not impose a high cost.
Why People Choose to Volunteer? Women Health Volunteers’ Activities, Reasons for Joining and Leaving
Authors: Rezakhani Moghaddam Hamed , Allahverdipour Hamid , Musavi Saeed , Shekarchi Ali Akbar , Matlabi Hossein
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Women health volunteers are the link between people and healthcare workers. They play an important role in health education activities, following up families under coverage, and updating the demographic data to health centers. This study was performed to uncover women health volunteers’ activities, reasons for joining and leaving from the program. Methods: A qualitative study design was used to conduct the study. Through purposive sampling technique, twenty -four in-depth semi-structured individual interviews and two focused group discussions with women health volunteers and their supervisors were conducted in Tabriz, Iran. Data analysis implemented thematic analysis, using MAXQDA10. Results: The findings were generally categorized into three major themes, participation in promoting health, perceived benefit, and perceptual- environmental inhibitors. Participation in promoting health consisted of the sub-themes participation in educational programs, participation in health care. The sub-themes of perceived benefit included benefits from health care services and interest in having an active role in the community. The theme perceptual- environmental inhibitors involved the subthemes participation barriers and lack of innovation and inconsistency with social changes. Conclusion: Culture-building about the role of health volunteers, the valuing on their activities in the community, and informing program supervisors about the health volunteer’s duties would help to retain health volunteers and also sustain their activities at the community level.
Root canal reconstruction using biological dentin posts: A 3D finite element analysis
Authors: Falakaloğlu Seda , Adıgüzel Özkan , Özdemir Gökhan
Published: February 2020

Background.
Several types of post have been developed for clinical use. A biological dentin post obtained from an extracted tooth eliminates the problems arising from material differences and reduces the fracture rate in teeth undergoing root canal treatment. This study used finite element analysis to compare a biological dentin post with posts made of two different materials. Methods. Three 3D models of the upper central incisor were created, and stainless-steel, glass fiber and biological dentin posts were applied to these models. The restoration of the models was completed by applying a composite as the core structure and a ceramic crown as the superstructure. Using finite element stress analysis in the restoration models, a 100-N force was applied in the vertical and horizontal directions and at a 45º angle, and the suitability of the biological dentin post was evaluated by comparing the data. Results. Under the applied forces, the greatest stress accumulation was seen in the models with the stainless steel post. Because the stainless steel post was more rigid, stress forces accumulated on the surface instead of being transmitted to the tooth tissue. In the models with the glass fiber and biological dentin posts, the post material responded to the stratification in tandem with the dental tissue and did not cause excessive stress accumulation on the tooth or post surfaces. Conclusion. The results showed that biological dentin posts prevent the accumulation of stresses that might cause fractures in teeth undergoing root canal treatment. In addition, the physical compatibility and biocompatibility of a biological dentin post with the tooth imply that it is a good alternative to the types of post currently used.
Zona Incerta GABAergic Output Controls a Signaled Locomotor Action in the Midbrain Tegmentum
Authors: Hormigo Sebastian , Zhou Ji , Castro-Alamancos Manuel A.
Published: February 2020

The zona incerta is a subthalamic nucleus proposed to link sensory stimuli with motor responses to guide behavior, but its functional role is not well established. Using mice of either sex, we studied the effect of manipulating zona incerta GABAergic cells on the expression of a signaled locomotor action, known as signaled active avoidance. We found that modulation of GABAergic zona incerta cells, but not of cells in the adjacent thalamic reticular nucleus (NRT), fully controls the expression of signaled active avoidance responses. Inhibition of zona incerta GABAergic cells drives active avoidance responses, while excitation of these cells blocks signaled active avoidance mainly by inhibiting cells in the midbrain pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPT). The zona incerta regulates signaled locomotion in the midbrain.
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor-1 Neurons in the Lateral Amygdala Display Selective Sensitivity to Acute and Chronic Ethanol Exposure
Authors: Agoglia Abigail E. , Zhu ManHua , Ying Rose , Sidhu Harpreet , Natividad Luis A. , Wolfe Sarah A. , Buczynski Matthew W. , Contet Candice , Parsons Loren H. , Roberto Marisa , Herman Melissa A.
Published: February 2020

The lateral amygdala (LA) serves as the point of entry for sensory information within the amygdala complex, a structure that plays a critical role in emotional processes and has been implicated in alcohol use disorders. Within the amygdala, the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system has been shown to mediate some of the effects of both stress and ethanol, but the effects of ethanol on specific CRF1 receptor circuits in the amygdala have not been fully established. We used male CRF1:GFP reporter mice to characterize CRF1-expressing (CRF1+) and nonexpressing (CRF1−) LA neurons and investigate the effects of acute and chronic ethanol exposure on these populations. The CRF1+population was found to be composed predominantly of glutamatergic projection neurons with a minority subpopulation of interneurons. CRF1+neurons exhibited a tonic conductance that was insensitive to acute ethanol. CRF1−neurons did not display a basal tonic conductance, but the application of acute ethanol induced a δ GABAAreceptor subunit-dependent tonic conductance and enhanced phasic GABA release onto these cells. Chronic ethanol increased CRF1+neuronal excitability but did not significantly alter phasic or tonic GABA signaling in either CRF1+or CRF1−cells. Chronic ethanol and withdrawal also did not alter basal extracellular GABA or glutamate transmitter levels in the LA/BLA and did not alter the sensitivity of GABA or glutamate to acute ethanol-induced increases in transmitter release. Together, these results provide the first characterization of the CRF1+population of LA neurons and suggest mechanisms for differential acute ethanol sensitivity within this region.
Self-Control and Affect Regulation Styles Predict Anxiety Longitudinally in University Students
Authors: Powers John P. , Moshontz Hannah , Hoyle Rick H.
Published: February 2020

The performance and well-being of university students is influenced by many factors, including self-control and affect regulation, but little is known about how these factors relate. We therefore analyzed data from a multi-site research project that assessed trait self-control, affect regulation, and anxiety in a longitudinal cohort design (N = 1314) using structural equation modeling. We specifically tested hypotheses that trait self-control, assessed upon entering school, would predict anxiety outcomes during students’ third year, and this relationship would be mediated by affect regulation styles (adaptive or maladaptive). We found that greater self-control did predict lower third-year anxiety, even after accounting for anxiety levels upon entering school. Furthermore, this relationship was partially mediated by maladaptive affect regulation, where students with greater self-control endorsed less use of maladaptive coping strategies (e.g., denial, self-blame), which in turn predicted less subsequent anxiety. In contrast, adaptive coping strategies did not mediate the relationship between trait self-control and anxiety. These findings highlight trait self-control as an important predictor of anxiety, and they identify maladaptive affect regulation as a target for interventions to promote student well-being and success.
Percepções de enfermeiros sobre competências desenvolvidas nos cuidados pós-operatórios de transplante de fígado
Authors: Negreiros Francisca Diana da Silva , Pequeno Alice Maria Correia , Alencar Carla Siebra de , Carvalho Gemiliana Sombra de Oliveira , Moreira Tatiana Rebouças
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: desvelar percepções de enfermeiros acerca das competências desenvolvidas no pós-operatório imediato do transplante de fígado. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa. Dados coletados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e observação sistemática não participante, com oito enfermeiros da unidade de pós-operatório imediato de transplante de fígado de um hospital de referência. Para explanação dos resultados, utilizou-se a técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: o conteúdo obtido a partir das entrevistas foi sistematizado em três eixos temáticos: preparo da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva pós-operatória para admissão do receptor de fígado; atuação de enfermeiros na internação do receptor de fígado em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva pós-operatória; atividades exercidas no âmbito gerencial, ensino e pesquisa. Conclusão: aponta-se que as competências desenvolvidas pelos enfermeiros ocorrem de forma direcionada e individualizada, envolvendo, de modo integrado, as dimensões administrativas, organizacionais, gerenciais, assistenciais e de ensino-pesquisa.
Neutrophil elastase from myeloid cells promotes TSC2-null tumor growth
Authors: Taya Manisha , Garcia-Hernandez Maria de la Luz , Rangel-Moreno Javier , Minor Briaunna , Gibbons Erin , Hammes Stephen R
Published: February 2020

Chronic inflammation promotes progression of many cancers, with circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) levels correlating with poor prognosis. Here we examine effects of MDSCs on lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare disease occurring almost exclusively in women whereby estrogen-sensitive metastatic TSC2-null tumors grow throughout the lungs, markedly reducing pulmonary function. The LAM cell origin remains unknown; however, previous work demonstrated that Tsc2 inactivation in the mouse uterus induced estrogen-dependent myometrial tumors with nearly all features of LAM. Half of these animals developed metastatic myometrial tumors in the lungs, suggesting that LAM cells might originate from the myometrium, possibly explaining its overwhelming female prevalence and estrogen-sensitivity. Here we report that MDSC levels, and in particular granulocytic myeloid cell levels, are elevated in the periphery and in tumors of uterine-specific Tsc2-null mice. Importantly, MDSC depletion or inhibition of their recruitment impairs myometrial tumor growth. RNA and protein analysis of Tsc2-null myometrial tumors and xenografts demonstrate high expression and activity of the serine protease neutrophil elastase (NE), with selective qPCR studies indicating a stromal origin of the NE. Notably, treatment with sivelestat, a known NE inhibitor already approved for human use in some countries, reduces tumor growth similar to MDSC depletion. Furthermore, NE promotes Tsc2-null tumor cell growth, migration, and invasion in vitro. Finally, NE-expressing myeloid cells are present throughout the lungs of LAM patients but not controls. These data suggest that NE derived from granulocytic myeloid cells might directly promote LAM tumor cell progression and could be a novel therapeutic target for LAM.
JAK2/STAT3 regulates estrogen-related senescence of bone marrow stem cells
Authors: Wu Wenjing , Fu Jiayao , Gu Yijing , Wei Yu , Ma Pengfei , Wu Junhua
Published: February 2020

Emerging evidence has indicated that estrogen deficiency contributes to osteoporosis by affecting the level of inflammation. The inflammation microenvironment affects many cellular physiological processes, one of which may be cellular senescence according to previous studies. Senescent cells cannot function normally and secrete inflammatory cytokines and degradative proteins, which are referred to as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors, inducing further senescence and inflammation. Thus, stopping this vicious cycle may be helpful for postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment. Here, we used ovariectomized (OVX) mice as an estrogen-deficient model and confirmed that OVX bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) displayed a senescent phenotype and upregulated SASP factor secretion both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, JAK2/STAT3, an important cytokine secretion-related signalling pathway that is associated with SASP secretion, was activated. Estrogen addition and estrogen receptor blockade confirmed that the JAK2/STAT3 axis participated in OVX BMSC senescence by mediating SASP factors. And JAK inhibition reduced SASP factor expression, alleviated senescence and enhanced osteogenic differentiation. Intraperitoneal injection of a JAK inhibitor, ruxolitinib, prevented bone loss in OVX mice. Collectively, our results revealed that JAK2/STAT3 plays an important role in the inflammation-senescence-SASP feedback loop in OVX BMSCs and that JAK inhibition could be a new method for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.
Long Term Outcomes of Freestyle Stentless Aortic Bioprosthesis: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Ezelsoy Mehmet , Oral Kerem , Saracoglu Kemal Tolga , Saracoglu Ayten , Bayramoglu Zehra , Akpinar Belhhan
Published: February 2020

Background: The study is presenting our long-term clinical results after freestyle stentless aortic root bioprosthesis replacement in patients with severe aortic insufficiency with ascending aortic aneurysm.
Methods: Seventy-seven patients with ascending aortic aneurysms and aortic valve insufficiency underwent a total root replacement procedure using a stentless “Freestyle” valve (Medtronic Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota). There were 50 (64.9%) men and 27 (35.1%) women. Mean age was 68.7 ± 11.1 years. The surgical procedure used a complete root replacement. Concomitant procedures included coronary artery bypass grafting in 15 (19.5%) patients.
Results: The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 130.3 ± 26.4 minutes and total aortic cross clamp time was 99.5 ± 23.6 minutes. Hospital mortality was 2.6%. The median follow-up time was 11.2 years. The 5- and 10-years freedom from aortic valve reoperation were 97.4 ± 1.2% and 93.4 ± 4.9%, respectively. During 10 years follow up, there were 14 late deaths; 4 deaths were cardiac, and 10 deaths were noncardiac. Valve-related deaths were attributable to thromboembolism in 1 patient, endocarditis in 2 patients, and congestive heart failure in 1 patient.
Conclusion: The freestyle stentless aortic root bioprosthesis offered good clinical outcomes, in terms of survival and structural valve deterioration. The Freestyle valve is a viable option for use in patients undergoing bioprosthetic aortic valve replacement and expected desire for long-term durability.
Frontline Employees' Acceptance of and Resistance to Service Robots in Stationary Retail - An Exploratory Interview Study
Authors: Meyer Patrick , Jonas Julia M. , Roth Angela
Published: February 2020

Due to rising online competition, increasing cost pressure and cross-channel customer journeys, stationary retail has tried to develop innovative value propositions and co-create value with customers through new technologies, which are expected to profoundly change the stationary retail’s service systems. Among other technologies, service robots are said to have the potential to revitalise interactive value creation in stationary retail. However, the integration of such technologies poses new challenges. Prior research has looked at customers’ acceptance of service robots in stationary retail settings, but few studies have explored their counterparts – the frontline employees’ (FLEs) perspective. Yet, FLEs’ acceptance of service robots is crucial to implement service robots for retail innovation. To explore FLEs’ acceptance of and resistance to service robots, a qualitative exploratory interview study is conducted. It identifies decisive aspects, amongst others loss of status or role incongruency. The findings extend prior studies on technology acceptance and resistance and reveal i.a. that FLEs perceive service robots as both a threat and potential support. Moreover, they feel hardly involved in the co-creation of use cases for a service robot, although they are willing to contribute.
Genealogy of Mongirdai Nobility
Authors: Klietkutė Jolanta
Published: February 2020

The Author dealswith the forgotten history of the Mongird family of Samogitia. After conductinganalysis of Mongirdai family, genealogical table was compiled. According to statististics, extended family was active in both number of persons and in geographical distribution. Mongird(as) descendantsspread over much of the territory of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – formally, the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and, after 1791, the Commonwealth of Poland and Tsar Russia (Russian Empire). Family itself Most members of the extended family bacame of priests, doctors,officers, artists, and public figures. For example, two brothers Vladislovas and Vytautas from a Mongird Mišučiai Manor became well known active participants inthe Lithuanian – Polish Nationalrevival back in 1863–1864. Their cousin patriot Vaclovas, a resident of Vilnius Town, who was fighting in the ranks of Polish Legion, and cousin Jadvyga Mongirdaitė were laid in Vilnius Pameriai Memorial. Their Grandmother Michalina Bankauskaitė was a great supporter of a Revival of 1863–1864. There are some unsolved relations and issues between the names of Mangirdaitis and Mongirdas that have notbeen identified yet. In the other words, Lithuanian genealogists and other researchers stillhave to work diligently (closely) to investigate and revive the history of this old Mongird tribe.
Choledocholithiasis: when to Suspect, how to Diagnose, how to Treat
Authors: Aleknaitė Aušra , Simutis Gintaras
Published: February 2020

Bile duct stones are a quite common (10–18%) complication of gallstone disease or an autonomous condition. New noninvasive diagnostic methods established in the last decades allow to confirm suspected choledocholithiasis with minimal risk of iatrogenic complications.In this literature review we discuss various scores for choledocholithiasis risk degree, different diagnostic investigations and management approaches including timing for invasive procedures.