bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Camden Public Libraries
Authors: Denniss R.C.
Published: February 2008

In what follows, I shall not be describing a fully operational system. The first Camden installation in the new St. Panoras Library has been held up by building delays but, with any luck, it should be operational by January 1971. The other thirteen libraries are due to be switched over to computer charging at the rate of three each year and the conversion should be completed by the end of 1974.
University of Sussex Library
Authors: Young R.C.
Published: February 2008

The circulation system at present in use at the University of Sussex Library uses a single issue slip, in the form of an 80‐column card, to record each loan. The slips are filled out by the borrowers—they give brief author/title information, but the crucial data are the book number and the borrower number. The card and the book are stamped with the date due back (according to the category of the loan) and the cards are later punched with borrower number, book number, and date due. The cards for one day's issue are machine sorted into book number order and then merged with the existing card file representing books on loan.
Survey of Catalogue Use Prior to Mechanisation
Authors: Massil Stephen W.
Published: February 2008

The use of MARC and development of computer catalogue files highlights the question of the form that existing catalogues should have alongside future computer produced catalogues. Introduction of new catalogues will present users with the problem of searching two catalogues. A survey was carried out to investigate the accuracy of users bibliographic references in terms of dates of publication and to gather information as to the potential continuing use of an existing catalogue in the University library. Results show that users have a poor knowledge of the dates of publication of the items they are searching for, and that the pattern of search in the current catalogue is for older published material.
Use of an I.C.L. Computer in Southampton University Library, Report No. 5
Authors: Woods R.G.
Published: February 2008

The fourth report in this series, published in Program, Vol. 3, Nos. 3, 4, was written in mid‐1969, and at that time rapid progress was expected in the implementation of the acquisition system, the production of brief catalogues, and the preparation of a handlist of current periodicals. That none of these projects had been completed by the end of 1970 can be attributed partly to over‐optimism, partly to difficulties not of our making, and partly to a new development, the Wessex Medical Library.
Automation Activities in British University Libraries: a Survey
Authors: Duchesne R.M. , Phillips A.B.
Published: February 2008

This report presents the results of a survey of UK university libraries carried out in October/November 1970 by the Aslib Computer Applications Group on behalf of Aslib, SCONUL, and the National Libraries ADP Study. Questionnaire response was obtained from 61 libraries, and the survey may be regarded as having effectively complete coverage of all UK university libraries with computer applications. The broad picture presented is of widespread mechanisation of the housekeeping rather than the information retrieval type. Over 60% of libraries had one or more applications; over 60% of all applications were in the cataloguing area, as distinct from the areas of acquisition, circulation and miscellaneous applications. Five libraries plan to have a fairly comprehensive range of applications by 1972. The amount of effort going into library automation is formidable, equivalent to the effort of (very approximately) 50 full‐time persons divided roughly equally between library staff and system analysts/programmers. This is only UK university library effort: a fraction of total UK library automation effort. This raises the question of the degree of communication, cooperation and coordination between projects, and it is noted that really significant cooperation tends to take place only with central encouragement and support. It is concluded that the speed of growth of the exchange and use of machine readable bibliographic records will be proportional to the amount of support and initiative provided by central organisations such as the British Library.
A Proposed Experiment in Automated Serials Accessioning
Authors: Wall R.A.
Published: February 2008

Loughborough University of Technology Library is exploring the possibility of automating accessions as part of the collaboration with BLCMP (Birmingham Libraries Co‐operative Mechanisation Project) on MASS (MARC‐based Automated Serials System). The automation of serials accessions was specifically excluded from the work reported in references 1 and 2 in order to allow time for the study of existing systems and arrive at new proposals. Until recently, the exploration has been purely theoretical, but a proposal for practical experimentation has now been formulated.
An On‐line Editing Program for Bibliographic Records
Authors: Fern Roger , Bagnall John
Published: February 2008

The automated order system at Newcastle University Library has been running on the University's KDF 9 computer since Easter 1966. The KDF 9 is due to go out of service in the near future, and so the order system is being re‐programmed for the University's IBM 360 model 67 computer. The IBM machine has 1024k bytes of core storage, 12 disk drives, 4 tape drives, and has a large number of terminals for on‐line ‘conversational’ access. For most of the day the machine is operated under the Michigan Terminal System (called ‘MTS’) rather than under the standard IBM operating system (called ‘OS/360’). The University Library has a terminal for its own use (an IBM 2741 ‘golf‐ball’ typewriter terminal).
The Birmingham Libraries' Cooperative Mechanisation Project: Progress Report, June 1970—January 1972
Authors: Driver E.H.C. , Buckle D.G.R. , Massil S.W. , Wilkins D.J. , Hall A.R.
Published: February 2008

The Birmingham Libraries Cooperative Mechanisation Project (BLCMP) was formed by the libraries of the universities of Aston and Birmingham, and Birmingham Public Libraries, to investigate the feasibility of cooperation in the use of MARC records. A general introduction to the aims and history of the Project are contained in previous reports in Program, Vol.3,nos.2 and 3/4, 1969, and Vol.4, no.4, 1970.
Revision of the Periodical Records System at AERE Library, Harwell
Authors: Greenhalgh K.R. , Bishop S.M.
Published: February 2008

AERE Library has in operation a computer‐based periodical records system. This has been revised and extended to produce additional and more flexible output. Details are given of the changes made to the input format and the new listings produced.
MARC Tagging Structure: Local Variations at Southampton University Library
Authors: Irvine Ruth
Published: February 2008

Libraries wishing to make local variations on the MARC tagging structure should consider the effects of such variations on tapes received from other libraries, on tapes which they may send to other libraries, on their existing cataloguing practice, as well as the effects on possible future benefits from MARC. Types of variation that may be made are the omission of MARC fields, the substitution of local tags for MARC tags, and the addition of local tags to the MARC structure. This paper discusses how Southampton University Library has used these types of variation and the reasons for them.
Report of the National Libraries ADP Study—A Review
Authors: Dammers H.F.
Published: February 2008

Department of Education and Science. The scope for automatic data processing in the British Library: report of a study into the feasibility of applying ADP to the operations and services of the British Library. London: HMSO, 1972. 2v. £20. SBN 11 270276 7.
Report of the National Libraries ADP Study—A Review
Authors: Lewis P.R.
Published: February 2008

Department of Education and Science. The scope for automatic data processing in the British Library: report of a study into the feasibility of applying ADP to the operations and services of the British Library. London: HMSO,1972. 2v. £20. SBN 11 270276 7.
Periodical Volume Identification for an Automated Issue System
Authors: Fern Roger
Published: February 2008

Newcastle University Library is installing an Automated Library Systems (ALS) issue system, which will start operation in October 1973. In an ALS issue system each book must have a unique number. At Newcastle all our monographs have an accession number which is adequate for this purpose. Unlike some university libraries, New‐castle issues bound volumes of periodicals as well as monographs, and these do not have an accession number. As we wanted to include periodical issues in the automated system, a number had to be assigned to each volume, and some means devised of recognising which number belonged to which volume.
BNB/Brighton Public Libraries Catalogue Project—‘BRIMARC’
Authors: Duchesne R.M. , Donbroski L.
Published: February 2008

This article describes the experimental system whereby BNB has produced the Brighton Public Libraries catalogue in microfilm since September 1972, making use of the BNB/MARC data base and production facilities. Cost, currency and other relevant factors are examined in evaluation of this prototype system. It is concluded that the prototype system is viable in cost/performance terms and that a developed version would have lower costs and increased performance. It is noted that provision of this service accords with the objectives of the British Library and with the recommendations of the National Libraries ADP Study. The link with the BNB/LASER retrospective conversion project and the potential of the service for new local authorities is also noted. British Library provision of a service in time to be of use to the new local authorities is recommended. Views expressed are the personal views of the authors and are not necessarily those of their employing organisations.
Report on a Visit to Certain Libraries in the USA, May‐June 1973
Authors: Massil Stephen W.
Published: February 2008

Progress and future plans observed and discussed at fourteen libraries and centres (Library of Congress; Ohio College Library Center; Council on Library Resources; Chicago, Columbia, Harvard, Illinois, Massachusetts, Northwestern, Ohio State, Pennsylvania, and Tulane University Libraries; Georgia Institute of Technology; and the Oklahoma Department of Libraries) are reported under the following headings: regional cooperation/networks; acquisitions systems; cataloguing systems; serials; music; circulation; COM; costs. The comprehensive automation programme at the University of Chicago Library is described. It is apparent that in many American libraries, automation is now part of the routine, no longer regarded as research or a localised activity.
UPDATE—An On‐line Loans Control System in Use in a Small Research Library
Authors: Eunson B.G.
Published: February 2008

The background and operation of ‘UPDATE’, a program to control the loan of about 3000 items per year from the library of the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Foulness are described. New loans, extensions, and deletions are entered on‐line at a teletype operating in conversational mode and records are stored in Aldermaston Multi‐Access Configuration (AMAC) files on the IBM 370/165 at Aldermaston. Recall notices for overdue items are printed on the teletype on demand, as well as ‘telephone action’ lists of very overdue material. Waiting lists of borrowers can be maintained. An archival ‘catalogue’ file is used to record deleted loans so as to reduce key boarding. Borrowers' reactions to the system and the number of operator man‐hours required are analysed. One of the main advantages is the increased effectiveness of recall procedures.
MARC Format: an International Revision Exercise
Authors: Coward R.E.
Published: February 2008

Revision of ISO Standard 2709 (Documentation‐Format for bibliographic information interchange on magnetic tape) is being discussed internationally. This paper outlines a submission from the UK MARC Office for revisions to the directory structure, the representation of characters, the characters allowed in tags, and the use of tag 002. The submission conforms to a basic policy that any revision should be a process of generalisation so that the existing standard remains a valid implementation of any revised standard.
The Use of Computers in British Libraries and Information Services: an Analysis
Authors: Duchesne Roderick M.
Published: February 2008

The first section of this article is a brief statistical overview of operational computer applications in UK libraries, and of other UK computer‐based information services. In March 1973, 135 UK libraries had a total of 425 operational computer applications run on a total of 146 computers. In 1972, 12 British organizations supplied a total of 23 magnetic tape and other computer‐aided information services. The second section of the article reviews UK computer‐related research and development activity in the library/information field. It estimates that in 1972 there were about 60 formal British projects having an annual total expenditure rate in the region of £540 000. £327 000 of this expenditure on computer‐related projects in the library/information field was accounted for directly by OSTI grants and contracts. OSTI expenditure is analysed over the five year period 1969/70 to 1973/74. British Library research and development priority areas associated with the Library's operational services are identified. The final section of the article argues the need for a publicly formulated UK policy relating to the development of libraries and information services generally, and to the development of a national machine‐readable bibliographic information network in particular.
United Kingdom Computer‐based Loans Systems: A Review
Authors: Young R.C.
Published: February 2008

The spread of systems is traced from 1966, when two were operational, to the present time when there are at least 59. The options now available to a librarian contemplating the adoption of an automated loans system are discussed under the following headings: off‐line, on‐line, or hybrid?; source of computing power; data collection devices; book identification; borrower identification; involvement of bibliographic data; source of software. Local considerations and constraints which might affect each decision are pointed out.
University of Lancaster Hybrid Issue System
Authors: Gallivan B.
Published: February 2008

The paper describes the University of Lancaster Library three‐tier book issue system which separates material into short, popular, and long loan categories. Issues are controlled by a library‐owned, Nova 1220, mini‐computer used in conjunction with the main University ICL 1905F computer. Edge‐punched cards (7″ × 2″) are used as book cards and standard, machine readable ID cards act as borrower badges. The Nova computer, which is on‐line, has been programmed in Assembler code and the ICL computer, used in batch mode, is programmed in Cobol. The computers are interfaced using ICL synchronous line communication protocol. Also described are the data collection units, the programs used, and the breakdown modes of operation.
Computerisation in The Lancashire Library
Authors: Hodgkinson Lesley
Published: February 2008

The computerised acquisition/cataloguing system, in which input is from MARC tapes and via on‐line visual display units, is described. Choice of input method, contents and interrelationships of machine‐readable files, processing of MARC tapes, and COM catalogue production are discussed, and the proposed integration of the computer‐based issue system is described.
A Minicomputer Retrieval System with Automatic Root Finding and Roling Facilities
Authors: Bell Colin L.M. , Jones Kevin P.
Published: February 2008

Since 1965, a feature card index has formed an essential component in answering technical enquiries. It now contains over 20 000 items. By 1973 the Mathatron Desk‐Top computer used to process the paper tape output from an automatic testing machine had become obsolete. It was decided that the replacement should handle the retrieval system input as well as meeting the general needs for scientific calculating. The machine selected was a Varian 620L: a £12 000 machine with 12–16K core and disc storage. Although the basic notion of an inverted file has been retained, a number of novel automatic features have been incorporated. These include the reduction of index entries (which may be compounds) to their singular root forms, the elimination of redundant words and the auto‐roling of words through their morphology. Some measure of heuristic performance is sought in this process. The system can easily contain the entire index to date on a single interchangeable disc and it is expected that subsequent discs will contain at least 3–4 years information.
Mini computers in cataloguing
Authors: Royan Bruce
Published: February 2008

The paper discusses some ways mini computers could be applied to cataloguing, and then lists the known users, giving the type of computer and the use to which it is put. There is a more detailed look at the capabilities of one particular system, that of the London Borough of Camden.
What is a Mini?
Authors: Long R.J. , Hyman M.A.
Published: February 2008

The paper outlines the nature of mini computers in relation to the older and larger mainframe machines. It describes the major items of a machine and likely ranges of cost. Staffing and environment requirements are summarized and the intending purchaser is given some guidance to the complex nature of the mini computer market place.
The Universal Standard Book Number (USBN): why, how and a progress report
Authors: Ayers F.H.
Published: February 2008

Outlines the reasons why the International Standard Book Number (ISBN) is proving to be an unreliable identifier for records in bibliographic data banks and suggests how the Universal Standard Book Number (USBN) could be used as an effective substitute. Results are given of an analysis of the 4% duplicate rate found by Beale and Lynch, together with the details of the work in progress at the University of Bradford.
MERLIN: a new computer system for the British Library
Authors: Ross John , Royan Bruce
Published: February 2008

The British Library is developing a new computer system to cope with all the current and future cataloguing and bibliographic requirements of the Library and its users. The system is called MERLIN (MachinE Readable Library INformation) and its facilities are outlined in this paper. The nub of MERLIN is a central database and some of its basic design is described briefly. The types of input to the system and the range of possible output are also covered, as are the expanded character sets which MERLIN will be able to provide. There is an indication of how MERLIN will be able to satisfy a wide range of users without requiring repetitive complex input specifications, by utilising User Profiles, tailored to each particular user. Finally there is an explanation of how MERLIN will be introduced in various phases.
A brief introduction to data storage and retrieval in MERLIN (MachinE Readable Library INformation)
Authors: White M.C. , Noerr P.L.
Published: February 2008

This document describes, briefly, the techniques employed in the MERLIN database 10 store and retrieve bibliographic data. An explanation of the choice of value related storage is given, with an indication of the merits of this approach both for data management (cataloguing) and retrieval (searching). Particular attention is paid to the necessity of accurately maintaining the intellectually established relationships between bibliographic data elements, and economic use of storage in a publicly shared data base.
An on‐line computer assisted information retrieval system using a minicomputer (CAIRS)
Authors: Saunders Robert J. D.
Published: February 2008

The development and application of a minicomputer based information retrieval system (CAIRS) is described. Capable of performing several different tasks this relatively low cost computer system is dedicated to this application and is operated entirely by the information and library staff. Specifically designed for information retrieval the system can perform fast interactive on‐line searches using a visual display. The general operation of the system, factors affecting its selection, and its effect on providing an efficient information service are considered
Dr. Herbert Coblans
Authors: Kimber Richard
Published: February 2008

Herbert Coblans died on 18 March 1977. Those of us who knew him personally have lost a highly esteemed colleague and friend: the world of librarianship has lost one of its most able proponents. But his memory and his influence will be more lasting and, for many of us, will serve to direct and inspire the practice of our profession for many years to come.
Teesside Polytechnic Library's acquisitions information system
Authors: Brophy Peter
Published: February 2008

The paper describes a system which automatically informs Polytechnic Library users of all new acquisitions within their subject interests. Each user supplies a personal profile of his interests which is matched against records of new acquisitions at monthly intervals. The users then receive personal printouts of matched records. Selection is on the basis of Dewey classification numbers and an additional facility permits retrieval on Dewey Standard Subdivisions within Specified Main Classes. The paper includes a discussion of the problems and costs of development and operation.
Communications networks for computers—an introduction to the technical details
Authors: Tedd Lucy A.
Published: February 2008

Discusses similarities and differences in the various definitions of the word network. It has come to have two meanings in the library and information science field. Firstly there are bibliographic or logical networks and secondly there are computer or physical networks. All definitions comply to it being a series of points interconnected by communications chAnnels. In the past, libraries have used postal, telephone, van and telex services to communicate with other libraries. Increasingly they will need to receive and transmit digital information—information going to and from computer systems. Describes and illustrates the equipment needed to transmit such information on‐line: terminals; modems and acoustic couplers; and telecommunications chAnnels—their speed, mode of sending information, and types. In the context of physical networks, explains and assesses packet‐switching, and discusses: the protocol X25, to be used in EURONET; possible shapes of computer networks; physical networks of use to libraries. Mentions a number of logical networks, and refers to published literature.
University of Strathclyde partially on‐line circulation system
Authors: Combe N.R. , Clarke C. , McAllister R.L.
Published: February 2008

The Andersonian Library circulation system is described. The system uses ALS label‐based equipment connected on‐line to a Honeywell computer. The on‐line system provides extended trapping store facilities and, by highly economical use of files, indications of stock and readership disposition. An overnight batch system is supported by the same computer and supplements the timesharing system.
Building a Serials File
Authors: Bourne Ross
Published: February 2008

The paper outlines international standards at present available for serials cataloguing, and goes on to describe the North American CONSER project in which these standards are being applied. It then discusses the prospects for a British data base of serial records, with the British Library's BLAISE system especially in mind. It concludes that with so many authoritative records coming available from the CONSER project it would be fruitless to duplicate this work in Britain, but that, hopefully, new serial records being input to BLAISE will conform to the same standards being applied in CONSER.
Review
Authors: Sallis P.J.
Published: February 2008

Apart from functional details, the book makes two general points. The first refers to the growing usefulness of BASIC as a programming language for beginners. The author points to the increase in availability of micro‐computers and their almost universal use of BASIC as the user language. This indicates, he assumes, that BASIC will become even more widely used by non‐professional programmers. The second point is an inferental one leading from the first. That is, if BASIC has a continuing or even increasing usefulness for non‐professionals who want to have some grasp of a complete language, then it is probably suitable for students of librarianship who are in just that category. At advanced levels of appreciation it may be that BASIC has its limitations for use with library applications, but where time to teach this subject is short and the need is specific, BASIC is ideal. This is the general argument of the author.
University of York Library automation project:
Authors: Evans M.E.
Published: February 2008

Developed as a subsystem of the library's circulation system, this produces, through a terminal typewriter linked to the mainframe computer, conventional catalogue cards, and also abstracts and stores short title catalogue information.
Tendering — the supplier's viewpoint
Authors: Hyman Mike
Published: February 2008

The paper discusses the reasons for putting a project out to tender. Emphasis is given to the need for realistic timescales. The preparation of the invitation is described and advice given on selecting suitable suppliers to be approached. Indications are given about how to set out clearly what is required and acceptable. The purpose and conduct of various meetings between customers and tenderers are outlined. A list of 6 skills is given on which the preparation of a tender relies. The paper goes on to demonstrate how to evaluate a tender, and concludes with 3 rules for inclusion in the invitation to tender.
The computerised production of Dewey Subject Indexes for the libraries of HERTIS
Authors: Dufton S.P. , Talbot R.
Published: February 2008

This paper describes the development, through three versions, of a computer‐based subject‐index production scheme designed as a complement to a system producing MARC‐based catalogues for a library cooperative. The scheme provides an individual subject index to each member of the cooperative and a union subject index to the whole, or any part, of the group. The major advantages of the scheme are simplicity and attention to practical detail. The disadvantages are an eighty‐character limitation on record length and complete dependance on manually produced records. The scheme is designed to handle records carrying Dewey classification numbers.
Networking future
Authors: Solomonides Constantine M.
Published: February 2008

The installation of data networks which is now happening world wide, will make it possible to connect to a large number of computer systems from a single terminal. Before anything can be achieved by such connections a great deal of effort must go into homogenising service access procedures. This is going to be a crucial area of development. On an experimental basis attempts have been made to tackle this problem with encouraging results. A rethink of the distribution of functions in the network environment is necessary to optimise this homogenising of service access procedures.
The Prestel system and information retrieval
Authors: Dew Bryan
Published: February 2008

This article aims at explaining how viewdata systems work, with a particular emphasis on Prestel. Reference is made to the types of information available from both viewdata and teletext systems, together with suggestions as to how they should be used. Both the system hardware and software are discussed as is the configuration of computers providing the Prestel public service.
Networking as viewed by an on‐line service
Authors: Nichols Peter , Sergeant Jeremy
Published: February 2008

This paper describes the development of an on‐line bibliographic retrieval service, InfoLine, during a period of rapid growth of availability of data transmission networks. Special reference is made to EURONET.
The Malaysian MARC (MALMARC) Project
Authors: Lim Huck‐Tee
Published: February 2008

The Malaysian MARC (MALMARC) Project, which is one of five cooperative programmes involving the five university libraries and the National Library of Malaysia, constitutes one of the components of the developing Malaysian Research Library Network. The Project began in October 1977 as an experiment as a result of a feasibility study, and became an operational system in July 1979. During the experimental period, costing studies were undertaken and these revealed that for all the participating institutions, an automated cataloguing system was cheaper than the manual system. The MALMARC system is currently being operated by the MALMARC Coordinating Centre at the Universiti Sains Malaysia. Details of the system together with flowcharts are provided. The human and technical problems encountered are also discussed and this article concludes with a brief outline of future developments.
University of London Union List of Serials
Authors: Rodgers L.
Published: February 2008

This article first describes the circumstances which brought about the Union List of Serials project — the effect on collections of increasingly inadequate funds and the need for the rationalisation of the University's serials holdings. The objectives of the scheme are outlined, then the planning and systems design, which took place in 1974–75, are traced. With planning complete, the structure and technical aspects of the system are described, followed by a description of input to the file. Finally future plans are outlined.
Harwell Automated Loans System—HAL, using STATUS
Authors: Wilson C.W.J. , Haynes E.M. , Teskey F.N.
Published: February 2008

The paper describes the transfer from an early, batch‐process, custom‐designed, automated library loans system using teletypewriters and paper tape input; to a modern loans system based on the STATUS package. HAL is also a batch‐process system but has some on‐line facilities. It uses a microprocessor, two VDUs and a Decwriter. Reasons for the change; system design and implementation; the difficulties encountered; an outline of the cost; and the advantages are described. The paper concludes with a brief, technical description of HAL software (Appendix A); and examples of screen prompts and print‐out (Appendix B).
Hash coding of bibliographic data using techniques based on variety generation and on division
Authors: Cooper David , Lynch Michael F. , McLure Alice H.W.
Published: February 2008

The use of variety generation techniques in the production of author‐title search codes for files of monograph records is compared with methods based on division hashing. The latter perform better, and evidence is presented to suggest that the reason for this is the lack of statistical independence between the assignments of variety generation symbols to different parts of a field in the record.
A survey of retrospective conversion of existing catalogues
Authors: Willers Jean Marie
Published: February 2008

This paper reports a survey undertaken of libraries with operational machine readable catalogues, to examine treatment of existing manual catalogues and their retrospective conversion. Of the 98 libraries contacted 72 replied (74%), 58% returning usable replies. Of these, 49 (86%) had completed, were in the process of, or were planning retrospective conversion; 53% with the use of a bibliographic data‐base.
WESTLAW vs LEXIS: computer‐assisted legal research comes of age
Authors: Sprowl James A.
Published: February 2008

Two commercial computer‐based legal retrieval systems are described — WESTLAW of West Publishing Co. and LEXIS of Mead Data Central. These systems enable searches by words or phrases in the full legal text of such as those relating to court opinions, US codes and various Federal tax matters. Also it is possible to check case citations. Examples are given of how the computer is able to meet the lawyer's needs and explanation of the various ways in which searches can be made. It is considered that familiarity with the relevant law speeds up searching due to the user's knowledge of the vocabulary of the judges. The limitation on the number of years covered should soon disappear as file sizes are increased and storage costs reduce. The article goes on to compare the coverage and performance of both systems. Examples are given of search statements for each. Comparative comment is given on data input, text editing, text enhancement including indexing, updating and hard copy support. It is concluded that the customer will find it difficult to choose between the systems. No refs.
The EUROLEX experience
Authors: Nunn‐Price Norman
Published: February 2008

Eight characteristics of a lawyer's working environment are described including the need for reliable information, the relevance of older documents, the need for access to textual data and the requirement to cover all relevant material. The nature of legal data is discussed and the consequent effect and problems on such database structures due to the constant changes in national and international law. The article goes on to outline the EUROLEX service which provides online access to case law, legislation and treaties for the UK and Europe. The libraries are put up on an IBM 3033 and an Amdahl 470/V6 at BOC Datasolve. Dial‐up access is available for over 100 users simultaneously, using the STATUS package. Users may search on headnotes, citations, opinions, judgments, etc. Libraries can be searched as a whole or in part or as sub‐sets of parts. A sample search output is provided. Details are given of the EUROLEX libraries available and the years covered. The article ends with a short report on the system usage and intended developments. 5 refs.
Text retrieval in Norway
Authors: Bing Jon
Published: February 2008

After discussing the characteristics of text retrieval systems, their development is outlined. An explanation is given of the information requirements of lawyers in relation to legal databases. The work undertaken by the Norwegian Research Centre (NRCCL) is described. Details are given of the use made of STATUS and the redesigned version subsequently called NOVA*STATUS, which has been used to run various services as part of the NORIS (previously JURIS) research programme for text retrieval systems. Various research results from the NORIS work are described. Details are given of the controlled experiments in evaluating text retrieval systems performance and the ways of formulating searches. Results are discussed in terms of precision and recall. A particular feature of the investigations relate to the use of ranked output and the criteria for ranking. A new software package called SIFT is how being developed for use on a NOR minicomputer, in the light of the experiences with STATUS and the NORIS research results. 17 refs.
Kluwer's legal database
Authors: Verschoor Cor
Published: February 2008

The group began the online service in 1979 based on the Kluwer Law and Taxation publications. A description of the group and the Databank is given. The development of the online service is described and the needs of lawyers. There follows a non‐technical description of the dial‐up service based on a Honeywell computer using the STATUS software package. Text input procedures are outlined and particularly the use made of a Kurzweil Data Entry Machine. The databases contain an estimated 180 Megabytes and are growing by some 120 MB annually. 12000 cases and 18000 abstracts of legal literature are stored. The procedure for instructing users is shown with an example of a search and the prompt card. Some 50 terminals are now connected and over 350 users have been trained. Search evaluation revealed that searches for case‐law and literature for research is quite different from a search by a practising lawyer for a specific case or article. Details of costs of using the system are given. No refs.
Extending machine readable availability of Australian bibliographic records
Authors: Middleton Michael
Published: February 2008

The extent of bibliographic database development in Australia is summarised with reference to all of the publicly available machine‐readable files. An analysis is made of the telecommunications network development that has enhanced access to the data. Particular reference is made to the bibliographic services of CSIRONET, AUSINET and the Health Communications Network.
Automated serials control at the British Library Lending Division
Authors: Harley A.J.
Published: February 2008

The British Library Lending Division serials system is unusual both in its size and in the fact that it has been automated for more than 20 years. The present version involves an on‐line database in‐house, using a PDP‐11/34, together with external operations which produce an index on microfiche. The in‐house part of the system is concerned with purchase control. This paper describes the system and indicates the philosophy which led to its design.
An Analysis of UK MARC exchange tape variable data field subfield lengths, 1950–1980
Authors: McMurdo George
Published: February 2008

The Library of the International Airport Projects of the Ministry of Defence and Aviation, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has installed an interactive online system using MARC tapes from which records are selected and transposed into a local format using compression techniques on the ADABAS DBMS. The investigation reported here was to determine sub‐field record lengths. It was considered necessary to undertake this despite data provided by BLAISE based on a sample of 22569 records, since Tags often covered a number of data elements. By analysing tapes covering the years 1950–1980, it was possible to determine the maximum length of any field, frequency of occurrence, and so on. The total number of records was 633,930. The results are described and sample sets of data included.
STATUS software: application and experience at the Transport and Road Research Laboratory
Authors: Mongar P.E.
Published: February 2008

The paper describes the use of STATUS by TRRL's Technical Information and Library Services to mechanize the library's document ordering, cataloguing, loans control and to integrate these functions with a cooperatively‐acquired international database of abstracts — all in a single document record. Modifications made to standard STATUS to meet TRRL's needs are described and the good and bad features of STATUS as found in practice are outlined.
MINISIS
Authors: Boyce Cheryl
Published: February 2008

MINISIS is a generalised information retrieval system, designed for use on the Hewlett‐Packard HP3000 range of mini‐computers. It is a fully interactive system for entering, managing, retrieving and processing data.
The present situation of online services in Italy
Authors: Misiti M. Cristina , lovenitti Roberto
Published: February 2008

The aim of this article is to provide a brief survey of the online services in Italy. Some aspects of the information transfer, the establishment of major hosts and a review of main databases are provided. A short paragraph deals also with videotex undertakings. There are three sample printouts. 6 refs.
Automation of library and information services in developing countries; the West African position
Authors: Boadi B.Y. , Havard‐Williams P.
Published: February 2008

Although some of the library and information centres in West Africa have access to computers, automation has not been used much in the services provided. The sub‐region may not be ready yet for large‐scale automation. However, there are areas in which the existing computer facilities may be beneficially employed. Such relatively simple computer operations as the production of union lists, union catalogues, directories and similar services are within the expertise of the sub‐region and call for immediate automation. The further use of automation in nationally co‐ordinated acquisition and cataloguing programmes as well as in the provision of current awareness programmes has been suggested as areas worth exploring. As in all library and information work, the active support of the various national governments is seen as necessary for the successful implementation of these programmes.
Computer based cataloguing at Loughborough University of Technology 1968–1982: a review
Authors: Lewis D.E. , Robinson M.E.
Published: February 2008

The development and application of the MINICS machine‐readable record is reviewed from its conception in the late 1960s to its present status as the basis of monographs cataloguing at Loughborough University of Technology. The underlying principles of MINICS are described and subsequent attempts to incorporate these principles in a working system are summarized. Reference is made to associated developments such as the introduction of microfiche catalogues and retrospective conversion of the card catalogue.
Charging for online services: The questions and arguments from an academic library point of view
Authors: Revill D.H.
Published: February 2008

In this paper are set out the arguments and counter‐arguments of the advocates on both sides of the controversy over charging. Each library has to decide where the balance of advantage lies. In the first part are arranged the relevant arguments covering General arguments; Internal efficiency; Cost savings; Additional costs; Costs: fixed and variable; Effects on the user. The second part illustrates various charging practices.
Developments in word processing systems
Authors: Whitehead John
Published: February 2008

This paper is an appraisal of the current word processing scene as it could apply to librarians and information workers. Some of the problems that are arising due to the introduction or proposed introduction of new technology are described and the concept of evolution rather than revolution is strongly proposed. A description of the systems available and the applications which could be of use to the profession are highlighted. The problems of acquiring equipment and, particularly, the choice some people are having to make between word processors and microcomputers is covered in some detail.
Videotex terminals and systems
Authors: Aldrich Michael J.
Published: February 2008

Development over 6 years has seen Videotex initially based on adapted domestic television sets and later on Viewdata 80 terminals of which some 15,000 were sold. Poor penetration of the domestic market led to other approaches, besides technical changes, like the Club 403 launched in the Midlands. Technical standards agreed between the PTTs also helped to promote changes. The development of private videotex systems has provided a further market. The current third generation equipment, based on the LUCY chip produced by Mullard Ltd is now promising a better future for Videotex. Other matters which relate to the marketability of terminals are the design of the housings, which should be pleasing and colourful, and the type of keyboards available. The paper ends by discussing aspects of data access and the economics of use.
Barcodes, readers and printers for library applications
Authors: Evans Peter W.
Published: February 2008

A brief history and development of barcode technology is given with an introduction to the basic features of barcode systems, reading equipment and barcode printers. Popular barcodes are compared and evaluation criteria established. Similar evaluation techniques for readers and printers are included with special reference to library applications. Barcode technology is considered the most appropriate when compared with competing systems. Future trends are briefly examined.
To what extent is scientific information automated in Spain?
Authors: Mendez Aida
Published: February 2008

A survey of the Spanish scene concerning the automation of scientific information is presented. The article is structured as two main parts. The first one explains the introduction and use of foreign automated databases, while the second one is an account of what is going on in Spain to create databases and databanks. The type and characteristics of databases that are automated or in the stage of automation, the Institutions involved and the progress in the automation of Spanish libraries are described. It is stressed that for the development and coordination of the different initiatives and isolated efforts aiming at an effective national information system, support by the government is absolutely necessary.
Library automation in Brazil: the state of the art
Authors: McCarthy Cavan
Published: February 2008

Automated systems can be found in about forty locations in Brazil, including both libraries and information systems; they are usually simple systems, developed and operating in isolation. An in‐depth survey of twenty‐two automated library systems revealed seventeen automated catalogues, nine circulation systems and five acquisition systems; in all cases the number of transactions was low by anglo‐American standards. Seven internal indexing systems were also noted; public indexing systems were not always appropriate for the needs of specific institutions. Brazilian libraries have made a firm start in the automation field and will doubtless continue to automate, although this will rarely be their major priority.
The AWA URICA System and TULIPS: its application at the University of Tasmania Library
Authors: Goodram Richard J.
Published: February 2008

Discusses the University of Tasmania Library's use of the Amalgamated Wireless (Australia) URICA turnkey system having a library software package running on their MICRODATA range of computers. The completely integrated design offers an online realtime system but allows customer specified modifications. The package modules cover enquiry (retrieval) including public access catalogues, cataloguing, acquisitions, circulation control and serials control. The library uses a REALITY 8000 with 384KB of memory, 2×150 MB disks and 27 VDUs The system handles bibliographic and non‐bibliographic files and index files used as authority files, such as the Title Authority File (TAF) supported by a KEY file of words from titles — some examples are given. Although MARC coding is not used at input the system uses the punctuation to create the MARC format. Communications links to a wide range of nodes are planned from TULIPS especially to the Australian Bibliographic Network (ABN). The library uses cataloguing data supplied by Blackwell's North America. There are 5 figures relating to the system No references An Appendix gives brief details of other applications of the AWA URICA system
Factors to consider in choosing a microcomputer for library housekeeping and information retrieval in a small library: experience in the Cairns Library
Authors: Gates Hilary
Published: February 2008

From a project to develop a microcomputer facility for small libraries, some criteria which may be used in the selection of a microcomputer and applications software for library housekeeping and information retrieval have been drawn. A method of system analysis to identify essential features of the automated system is described, and additional criteria for choosing both hardware and software are suggested. Sources of information about suitable software and hardware are given.
Multi‐site library networking: experience of the Polytechnic of Central London
Authors: Collier Mel , Piper David
Published: February 2008

The Polytechnic of Central London has developed and installed a wide area network connecting libraries on six sites. The network is linked to SWALCAP for circulation control, and cataloguing services will be added in 1984. Two local area network (LAN) projects are planned. An analysis of the telecommunications options considered is presented, with costs for the system adopted for the wide area network.
The design, development and introduction of the Harwell Library online ordering and cataloguing system — LIBCAT
Authors: Haynes E.M.
Published: February 2008

The transfer from a manual ordering system and an associated card catalogue to an online, STATUS‐based ordering and cataloguing system, LIBCAT, is described. The LIBCAT database is held on the Harwell IBM mainframe and so is accessible to any user of this mainframe. This paper describes the change and choice of equipment; the design, structure, housekeeping and data input systems for LIBCAT and benefits from the system culminating in the release of LIBCAT for public access.