bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The interactive effects of input and output on managing fluid balance in patients with acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Jhee Jong Hyun , Lee Hye Ah , Kim Seonmi , Kee Youn Kyung , Lee Ji Eun , Lee Shina , Kim Seung-Jung , Kang Duk-Hee , Choi Kyu Bok , Oh Hyung Jung , Ryu Dong-Ryeol
Published: October 2019

Background

The interactive effect of cumulative input and output on achieving optimal fluid balance has not been well elucidated in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). This study evaluated the interrelation of fluid components with mortality in patients with AKI requiring CRRT.

Methods

This is a retrospective observational study conducted with a total of 258 patients who were treated with CRRT due to AKI between 2016 and 2018 in the intensive care unit of Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital. The amounts of fluid input and output were assessed at 24-h and 72-h from the initiation of CRRT. The study endpoints were 7- and 28-day all-cause mortality.

Results

The mean patient age was 64.7 ± 15.8 years, and 165 (64.0%) patients were male. During the follow-up, 7- and 28-day mortalities were observed in 120 (46.5%) and 157 (60.9%) cases. The patients were stratified into two groups (28-day survivors vs. non-survivors), and the cumulative fluid balances (CFBs) at 24 h and 72 h were significantly higher in the 28-day non-survivors compared with the survivors. The increase in 24-h and 72-h CFB was significantly associated with an increase in 7- and 28-day mortality risks. To examine the interactive effect of cumulative input or output on the impact of CFB on mortality, we also stratified patients into three groups based on the tertile of 24-h and 72-h cumulative input or output. The increases in 24-h and 72-h CFBs were still significantly related to the increases in 7-day and 28-day mortality, irrespective of the cumulative input. However, we did not find significant associations between increase in 24-h and 72-h CFB and increase in mortality risk in the groups according to cumulative output tertile.

Conclusions

The impact of cumulative fluid balance on mortality might be more dependent on cumulative output. The physicians need to decrease the cumulative fluid balance of CRRT patients as much as possible and consider increasing patient removal.
Endogenous retroviral insertions drive non-canonical imprinting in extra-embryonic tissues
Authors: Hanna Courtney W. , Pérez-Palacios Raquel , Gahurova Lenka , Schubert Michael , Krueger Felix , Biggins Laura , Andrews Simon , Colomé-Tatché Maria , Bourc’his Deborah , Dean Wendy , Kelsey Gavin
Published: October 2019

Background

Genomic imprinting is an epigenetic phenomenon that allows a subset of genes to be expressed mono-allelically based on the parent of origin and is typically regulated by differential DNA methylation inherited from gametes. Imprinting is pervasive in murine extra-embryonic lineages, and uniquely, the imprinting of several genes has been found to be conferred non-canonically through maternally inherited repressive histone modification H3K27me3. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of non-canonical imprinting in post-implantation development remain unexplored.

Results

We identify imprinted regions in post-implantation epiblast and extra-embryonic ectoderm (ExE) by assaying allelic histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K36me3, H3K27me3), gene expression, and DNA methylation in reciprocal C57BL/6 and CAST hybrid embryos. We distinguish loci with DNA methylation-dependent (canonical) and independent (non-canonical) imprinting by assaying hybrid embryos with ablated maternally inherited DNA methylation. We find that non-canonical imprints are localized to endogenous retrovirus-K (ERVK) long terminal repeats (LTRs), which act as imprinted promoters specifically in extra-embryonic lineages. Transcribed ERVK LTRs are CpG-rich and located in close proximity to gene promoters, and imprinting status is determined by their epigenetic patterning in the oocyte. Finally, we show that oocyte-derived H3K27me3 associated with non-canonical imprints is not maintained beyond pre-implantation development at these elements and is replaced by secondary imprinted DNA methylation on the maternal allele in post-implantation ExE, while being completely silenced by bi-allelic DNA methylation in the epiblast.

Conclusions

This study reveals distinct epigenetic mechanisms regulating non-canonical imprinted gene expression between embryonic and extra-embryonic development and identifies an integral role for ERVK LTR repetitive elements.
Correction to: Early Adolescent Skills for Emotions (EASE) intervention for the treatment of psychological distress in adolescents: study protocol for randomised controlled trials in Lebanon and Jordan
Authors:   on behalf of the STRENGTHS-consortium, Brown Felicity L. , Steen Frederik , Taha Karine , Aoun May , Bryant Richard A. , Jordans Mark J. D. , Malik Aiysha , van Ommeren Mark , Abualhaija Adnan , Aqel Ibrahim Said , Ghatasheh Maha , Habashneh Rand , Sijbrandij Marit , El Chammay Rabih , Watts Sarah , Akhtar Aemal
Published: October 2019

Following publication of the original article [1], we have been notified that Figure 1 was published with the track changes. In this Correction the incorrect and correct Fig. 1 are shown.
Correction to: ARIA 2016: Care pathways implementing emerging technologies for predictive medicine in rhinitis and asthma across the life cycle
Authors: Bousquet J. , van Hage M.
Published: October 2019

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that one of the authors’ names was spelled incorrectly. In this Correction the incorrect and correct author name are shown. In the author list of this Correction article, only the correct name of the affected author and the corresponding author are presented.
PET/CT-guided versus CT-guided percutaneous core biopsies in the diagnosis of bone tumors and tumor-like lesions: which is the better choice?
Authors: Wu Min-hao , Xiao Ling-fei , Liu Huo-wen , Yang Zhi-qiang , Liang Xiao-xiao , Chen Yan , Lei Jun , Deng Zhou-ming
Published: October 2019

Objective

The present study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and safety of PET/CT-guided percutaneous core bone biopsy and to compare the PET/CT-guided method to conventional CT-guided percutaneous core biopsies to diagnose Chinese patients with bone tumors and tumor-like lesions.

Methods

Data for 97 patients with bone tumors and tumor-like lesions diagnosed by percutaneous core bone biopsy from February 2013 to November 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The study included 42 cases in the PET/CT group and 55 cases in the CT alone group. The diagnostic performance, cost and complications associated with the intervention were compared between the two groups. All patients were eventually confirmed to have bone tumors and tumor-like lesions according to surgical pathology findings.

Results

There were no significant differences in patient characteristics (P > 0.05). For the patients in the PET/CT group, the overall diagnostic yield of the initial biopsies and the diagnostic accuracy derived from the surgically proven cases were both 97.62%, which was significantly higher than the values in the CT group during the same period (P < 0.05). No major biopsy-related complications (e.g., serious bleeding or tumor dissemination) occurred before, during, or after the intervention. Therefore, no significant difference was observed between the two groups with regard to the complication rate (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Compared with CT-guided percutaneous bone biopsy, PET/CT-guided percutaneous bone biopsy is an effective and safe alternative with high diagnostic performance in the evaluation of hypermetabolic bone lesions to diagnose bone tumors and tumor-like lesions.
Polymorphisms of MTHFR and TYMS predict capecitabine‐induced hand‐foot syndrome in patients with metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Lin Shaoyan , Yue Jian , Guan Xiuwen , Yuan Peng , Wang Jiayu , Luo Yang , Fan Ying , Cai Ruigang , Li Qiao , Chen Shanshan , Zhang Pin , Li Qing , Ma Fei , Xu Binghe
Published: October 2019

Background

Breast cancer is a global problem, and a large number of new cases are diagnosed every year. Capecitabine is effective in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Hand‐foot syndrome (HFS) is a common adverse effect of capecitabine. In this study, we investigated the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in capecitabine metabolism pathways and capecitabine‐induced HFS in Chinese patients with MBC to identify some predictive genetic biomarkers.

Methods

We selected 3 genes involved in capecitabine metabolism and screened genetic variants in these target genes. We genotyped a total of 22 SNPs in the thymidylate synthase gene (TYMS), the methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase gene (MTHFR), and the ribonucleotide reductase M1 gene (RRM1) in 342 MBC patients treated with capecitabine‐based chemotherapy. The genotype distributions of each SNP in patients with and without HFS were assessed using Pearson's χ2 test, and the relationship between HFS and genotypes of SNPs was determined using logistic regression analysis. The association between SNPs and their corresponding gene expression was analyzed using the Blood expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) browser online tools.

Results

We found 4 positive sites for HFS in the TYMS and MTHFR genes: TYMS rs2606241 (P= 0.022), TYMS rs2853741 (P= 0.019), MTHFR rs3737964 (P= 0.029), and MTHFR rs4846048 (P= 0.030). Logistic regression analyses showed that the genotype AG of MTHFR rs3737964 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31–0.97, P = 0.038] and MTHFR rs4846048 (OR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.30–0.98, P = 0.042) were protective factors of HFS, whereas the genotype CT of TYMS rs2853741 (OR = 2.25, 95% CI 1.31–3.87, P = 0.012) increased the risk of HFS. The association between the genotype GT of TYMS rs2606241 (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.73–2.23, P = 0.012) and HFS was uncertain. Further eQTL analyses confirmed that the alleles of rs3737964 and rs4846048 affected the gene expression levels of MTHFR in cis.

Conclusions

We have identified four potentially useful pharmacogenetic markers, TYMS rs2606241, TYMS rs2853741, MTHFR rs3737964, and MTHFR rs4846048 to predict capecitabine‐induced HFS in MBC patients.
Impact of wildfire size on snowshoe hare relative abundance in southern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Hutchen Jenna , Hodges Karen E.
Published: October 2019

Background

Large wildfires result in more heterogeneous fire scars than do smaller fires because of differences in landscape context and high variability in burn intensity and severity. Previous research on mammal response to wildfire has often considered all fires as comparable disturbances regardless of size. Here, we explicitly examine whether fire size affects relative abundances of a keystone herbivore, snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus Erxleben, 1777), in regenerating stands of the same age. We surveyed vegetation and fecal pellets of snowshoe hares in nine 13-year-old wildfires, specifically, three fires in three size categories—small (80 to 200 ha), medium (1000 to 5000 ha), and large (>10 000 ha)—and in mature forests in southern British Columbia, Canada.

Results

Snowshoe hare density was low (0.4 hares ha−1), but hares were present at 57% of mature sites. Hares were absent from all areas where small fires had burned and were found in only one medium area post fire (0.2 hares ha−1). Hares were found within the fire scars of all three large burned areas, and with much higher numbers (3.8 hares ha−1) than in the medium fire area or mature forest. Snowshoe hare abundance was highly correlated with the number of sapling trees, especially lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon). Sapling densities were highly variable, but dense stands of saplings were found only in burn scars from large wildfires.

Conclusions

Fire size is an important predictor of snowshoe hare relative abundance in areas that are regenerating post fire; fires of different sizes are not comparable disturbances. Specifically, the post-fire heterogeneity after large fires enabled both the highest hare numbers as well as patches with no hares. These results suggest that forest and wildlife managers should protect areas with dense regeneration post fire, as these sites are necessary for hares after large wildfires.
Vegetarian food recommendation in the traditional Islamic teachings to increase the fertility of men
Authors: Dehghani Bidgoli Reza
Published: October 2019

About half of the infertilities are due to men’s problems. In medicine, there are valuable treasures that confirm the effectiveness of some of them today and they have been approved for the treatment of diseases. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the drug’s advice in increasing the fertility of men in Muslim narrative texts and compare it with new knowledge of humanity in medicine. For this purpose, we searched the fertility, men, and vegetable food keywords in the database and valid Islamic books and presented them in this article. Also, the results of academic research have also been pointed out to confirm these religious teachings. Some of the issues in traditional Islamic teachings that have been expressed centuries ago have been confirmed by modern medical science and have been the basis of making effective drugs for treating male infertility. Some of them also need further research. According to the emphasis of available Islamic traditional medicine from the infallible on the efficacy of the vegetable food in improving the quality of the seminal fluid and also confirming the usefulness in clinical trials, these plants can be useful in increasing fertility.
Correction to: Prevalence of prolonged QT interval in patients with HCV-related chronic liver disease
Authors: Gaafar Ahmed E. , El-Aal Amr Abd , Alboraie Mohamed , Hassan Housam M. , ElTahan Adel , AbdelRahman Yasser , Wifi Mohamed-Naguib , Omran Dalia , Mansour Shimaa Afify , Hassan Waleed M. , Ismail Magdy , El Kassas Mohamed
Published: October 2019

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that the family name of Mohamed El Kassas was incorrectly published as Mohamed ElKassas.
Comparison of Somatic and Germline Variant Interpretation in Hereditary Cancer Genes
Authors: Moody Emily W. , Vagher Jennie , Espinel Whitney , Goldgar David , Hagerty Kelsi J. , Gammon Amanda
Published: October 2019

PURPOSE

To compare the classification of genetic variants reported on tumor genomic profiling (TGP) reports with germline classifications on clinical test results and ClinVar. Results will help to inform germline testing discussions and decisions in patients with tumor variants in genes that are relevant to hereditary cancer risk.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This study compared somatic and germline classifications of small nucleotide variants in the following genes:
BRCA1
,
BRCA2
,
CHEK2
,
PALB2
,
ATM
,
MLH1
,
MSH2
,
MSH6
, and
PMS2
. Somatic classifications were taken from reports from a single commercial TGP laboratory of tests ordered by providers at Huntsman Cancer Institute between March 2014 and June 2018. Somatic variant interpretations were compared with classifications from germline test results as well as with ClinVar interpretations.

RESULTS

Of the 623 variants identified on TGP, 353 had a definitive classification in ClinVar, and 103 were assayed with a germline test, with 66 of the variants tested observed in germline. Analysis of somatic variants of uncertain significance listed on TGP reports determined that 22% had a different interpretation compared with ClinVar and that 32% differed from the interpretation on a germline test result. Pathogenic variants on TGP test results were found to differ 13% and 5% of the time compared with ClinVar interpretations and germline test results, respectively.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that TGP variants are often classified differently in a germline context. Differences may be due to different processes in variant interpretation between somatic and germline laboratories. These results are important for health care providers to consider when making decisions about additional testing for hereditary cancer risks.
Evaluation of the 2015 ATA Guidelines in Patients With Distant Metastatic Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: van Velsen Evert F S , Stegenga Merel T , van Kemenade Folkert J , Kam Boen L R , van Ginhoven Tessa M , Visser W Edward , Peeters Robin P
Published: October 2019

Context

Current American Thyroid Association (ATA) Management Guidelines for the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) stratify patients to decide on additional radioiodine (RAI) therapy after surgery, and to predict recurring/persisting disease. However, studies evaluating the detection of distant metastases and how these guidelines perform in patients with distant metastases are scarce.

Objective

To evaluate the 2015 ATA Guidelines in DTC patients with respect to 1) the detection of distant metastases, and 2) the accuracy of its Risk Stratification System in patients with distant metastases.

Patients and Main Outcome Measures

We retrospectively included 83 DTC patients who were diagnosed with distant metastases around the time of initial therapy, and a control population of 472 patients (312 low-risk, 160 intermediate-risk) who did not have a routine indication for RAI therapy. We used the control group to assess the percentage of distant metastases that would have been missed if no RAI therapy was given.

Results

Two hundred forty-six patients had no routine indication for RAI therapy of which 4 (1.6%) had distant metastases. Furthermore, among the 83 patients with distant metastases, 14 patients (17%) had excellent response, while 55 (67%) had structural disease after a median follow-up of 62 months. None of the 14 patients that achieved an excellent response had a recurrence.

Conclusions

In patients without a routine indication for RAI therapy according to the 2015 ATA Guidelines, distant metastases would initially have been missed in 1.6% of the patients. Furthermore, in patients with distant metastases upon diagnosis, the 2015 ATA Guidelines are an excellent predictor of both persistent disease and recurrence.
The External Genitalia Score (EGS): A European Multicenter Validation Study
Authors: van der Straaten Saskia , Springer Alexander , Zecic Aleksandra , Hebenstreit Doris , Tonnhofer Ursula , Gawlik Aneta , Baumert Malgorzata , Szeliga Kamila , Debulpaep Sara , Desloovere An , Tack Lloyd , Smets Koen , Wasniewska Malgorzata , Corica Domenico , Calafiore Mariarosa , Ljubicic Marie Lindhardt , Busch Alexander Siegfried , Juul Anders , Nordenström Anna , Sigurdsson Jon , Flück Christa E , Haamberg Tanja , Graf Stefanie , Hannema Sabine E , Wolffenbuttel Katja P , Hiort Olaf , Ahmed S Faisal , Cools Martine
Published: October 2019

Context

Standardized description of external genitalia is needed in the assessment of children with atypical genitalia.

Objectives

To validate the External Genitalia Score (EGS), to present reference values for preterm and term babies up to 24 months and correlate obtained scores with anogenital distances (AGDs).

Design, Setting

A European multicenter (n = 8) validation study was conducted from July 2016 to July 2018.

Patients and Methods

EGS is based on the external masculinization score but uses a gradual scale from female to male (range, 0–12) and terminology appropriate for both sexes. The reliability of EGS and AGDs was determined by the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Cross-sectional data were obtained in 686 term babies (0–24 months) and 181 preterm babies, and 111 babies with atypical genitalia.

Results

The ICC of EGS in typical and atypical genitalia is excellent and good, respectively. Median EGS (10th to 90th centile) in males < 28 weeks gestation is 10 (8.6–11.5); in males 28–32 weeks 11.5 (9.2–12); in males 33–36 weeks 11.5 (10.5–12) and in full-term males 12 (10.5–12). In all female babies, EGS is 0 (0-0). The mean (SD) lower/upper AGD ratio (AGDl/u) is 0.45 (0.1), with significant difference between AGDl/u in males 0.49 (0.1) and females 0.39 (0.1) and intermediate values in differences of sex development (DSDs) 0.43 (0.1). The AGDl/u correlates with EGS in males with typical genitalia and in atypical genitalia.

Conclusions

EGS is a reliable and valid tool to describe external genitalia in premature and term babies up to 24 months. EGS correlates with AGDl/u in males. It facilitates standardized assessment, clinical decision-making and multicenter research.
Role of Aldosterone and Potassium Levels in Sparing Confirmatory Tests in Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Umakoshi Hironobu , Sakamoto Ryuichi , Matsuda Yayoi , Yokomoto-Umakoshi Maki , Nagata Hiromi , Fukumoto Tazuru , Ogata Masatoshi , Ogawa Yoshihiro
Published: October 2019

Context

The current clinical guidelines suggest that confirmatory tests for primary aldosteronism (PA) may be excluded in some of patients who have elevated plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) under plasma renin suppression. However, this has low-priority evidence and is under debate in use of serum potassium.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate an appropriate setting for sparing confirmatory tests in PA.

Design and Setting

A retrospective cross-sectional study in a single referral center.

Participants

This study included 327 patients who had hypertension under plasma renin suppression and underwent the captopril challenge test (CCT) between January 2007 and April 2019. CCT results were used to diagnose PA.

Main Outcome Measure

Diagnostic value of PAC and serum potassium in confirmation of PA.

Results

Of the studied patients, 252 of 327 (77%) were diagnosed with PA. All 61 patients with PAC > 30 ng/dL were diagnosed with PA. In patients with PAC between 20 and 30 ng/dL, 44 of 55 (80%) were diagnosed with PA, while all 26 with PAC between 20 to 30 ng/dL who had spontaneous hypokalemia were diagnosed with PA. The proportion of unilateral PA determined by adrenal vein sampling (AVS) was higher in patients who had PAC > 30 ng/dL or those with spontaneous hypokalemia who had PAC between 20 and 30 ng/dL than those who did not meet the criteria (76% vs. 17%, P < .001).

Conclusion

Confirmatory tests in PA could be spared in patients who have typical features of PA and these patients had a high probability of unilateral PA on AVS.
Cognitive Profiles and Brain Volume Are Affected in Patients with Silver–Russell Syndrome
Authors: Patti Giuseppa , De Mori Letizia , Tortora Domenico , Severino Mariasavina , Calevo Mariagrazia , Russo Silvia , Napoli Flavia , Confalonieri Laura , Schiavone Maurizio , Thiabat Hanan F , Casalini Emilio , Morana Giovanni , Rossi Andrea , Ramenghi Luca Antonio , Maghnie Mohamad , Di Iorgi Natascia
Published: October 2019

Context

There is little information on cognitive function in Silver–Russell syndrome (SRS), and no neuroimaging studies are available so far.

Objective

To assess cognitive function and brain volumes in patients with SRS.

Design/Setting

Wechsler Intelligence Scale and brain magnetic resonance on a 3-Tesla scanner with Voxel-based morphometry analysis were performed between 2016 and 2018 in a single tertiary university center.

Partecipants

38 white subjects with clinical diagnosis of SRS confirmed by molecular analysis: 30 of these patients (mean age 12.6 ± 10 years) were enrolled for cognitive assessment; 23 of the 30 performed neuroimaging sequences. A control group of 33 school-aged children performed cognitive assessment while 65 age and sex-matched volunteers were included for the neuroradiological assessment.

Main Outcomes

Intelligence quotient, Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI), Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI), Working Memory Index (WMI), Processing Speed Index, and brain volume.

Results

The mean overall IQ score was 87.2 ± 17, and it was significantly lower in the maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7 (mUPD7) group at the age of 6 to 16 years compared to loss of methylation on chromosome 11p15 (11p15 LOM) group and to controls. VCI, PRI, and WMI were significantly higher in 11p15 LOM group and in control group than in mUPD7 group at the age of 6 to 16 years. There were no significant differences in cognitive scores between 11p15 LOM school-aged patients and the control group. SRS patients showed lower brain volume compared to controls at the frontal/temporal poles and globi pallidi.

Conclusions

Patients with mUPD7 had an impaired cognitive profile. The brain volume at the frontal/temporal lobes and at the globi pallidi was reduced in patients with SRS.
Perioperative Blood Transfusion is Associated with Postoperative Systemic Inflammatory Response and Poorer Outcomes Following Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: McSorley Stephen T. , Tham Alexander , Dolan Ross D. , Steele Colin W. , Ramsingh Jason , Roxburgh Campbell , Horgan Paul G. , McMillan Donald C.
Published: October 2019

Background

The present study investigated relationships between perioperative blood transfusion, postoperative systemic inflammatory response, and outcomes following surgery for colorectal cancer.

Methods

Data were recorded for patients (n = 544) undergoing potentially curative, elective surgery for colorectal cancer at a single center between 2012 and 2017. Transfusion history was obtained retrospectively from electronic records. Associations between blood transfusion, postoperative C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, hemoglobin, complications, cancer-specific survival and overall survival (OS) were assessed using propensity score matching (n =116).

Results

Of 544 patients, the majority were male (n =294, 54%), over 65 years of age (n =350, 64%), and with colonic (n =347, 64%) node-negative disease (n =353, 65%). Eighty-six patients (16%) required perioperative blood transfusion. In the unmatched cohort, blood transfusion was associated with higher median postoperative day (POD) 3 CRP {143 [interquartile range (IQR) 96–221 mg/L] vs. 120 (IQR 72–188 mg/L); p = 0.004}, lower median POD 3 albumin [24 (IQR 20–26 g/L) vs. 27 (IQR 24–30 g/L); p < 0.001], more postoperative complications [odds ratio (OR) 3.28, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.03–5.29] and poorer OS [hazard ratio (HR) 3.18, 95% CI 2.08–4.84]. In the propensity score matched cohort, blood transfusion was similarly associated with higher median POD 3 CRP [130 (IQR 93–196 mg/L) vs. 113 (IQR 66–173 mg/L); p = 0.046], lower median POD 3 albumin [24 (IQR 20–26 g/L) vs. 26 (IQR 24–30 g/L); p < 0.001], more postoperative complications (OR 2.91, 95% CI 1.36–6.20) and poorer OS (HR 2.38, 95% CI 0.99–5.73).

Conclusions

Perioperative blood transfusion was associated with postoperative inflammation, complications, and poorer survival in patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery, with and without propensity score techniques.
APPOINTMENT OF DOCTOR FOR MEDICAL PREVENTION AND ITS STAFFING
Authors: Маношкина Е. , Manoshkina E. , Бантьева М. , Bant'eva M. , Кукушкин С. , Kukushkin S. , Кузнецова В. , Kuznecova V.
Published: October 2019

The Federal Law of November 21, 2011 № 323-FL «About the basis of the protection of public health in the Russian Federation» defined the priority of prevention in the field of health protection (Article 12). However, a number of problems in staffing of the system of medical prevention remain. Aim: to investigate the dynamics of the number of posts for doctors for medical prevention (positions, occupied positions, individuals), as well as their staffing level and combination rate for the period from 2014 until 2017 in the Russian Federation and its regions. based on the data of the Federal Statistic (form № 30), the article presents a statistic analysis of the number of posts for doctors for medical prevention for the period from 2014 until 2017 in the Russian Federation and its regions. The provision of population with doctors for medical prevention in Russia in the period from 2014 to 2017 significantly increased from 0.031 to 0.049 per 10,000 adults (by 58.1%), but at the same time it continues to be extremely low: 10.2 times less than the standard of provision with these doctors in only offices/departments of medical prevention, excluding healthcare centers and centers of medical prevention. There is a low staffing level for doctors for medical prevention in the Russian Federation, which decreased even more over the study period: from 73.2% to 64.0% (by 12.5%). This is explained both by an increase in the staff positions of these doctors in the country from 1031 to 1526 (by 48.0%), while the number of occupied posts increased only by 29.50% (from 754.25 to

976.75), and by a simultaneous decrease in the part-time combination rate from 2.1 to 1.7 (19.0%), which continues to be high. The low staffing level (64.0%) and the high part-time combination rate of doctors for medical prevention (1.7) along with low provision of the population with these doctors —  0.049 per 10,000 adults, what is more, then 10 times lower than the standard, indicate a shortage of individuals for doctors for medical prevention —  the main workers in the occupied positions and their replacement by doctors —  co-workers of other specialties. This largely takes place due to the absence of the specialty «medical prevention», which necessity of the introduction needs to be discussed by the medical community.
DIAGNOSIS OF NONRENTHENOLOGICAL AXIAL SPONDYLITIS IN A YOUNG GIRL WITH A FAMILY HISTORY OF RHEUMATIC PATHOLOGY
Authors: Демидова А. , Demidova A.
Published: October 2019

The article presents a clinical case of nonrenthenological ankylosing spondylitis (as). AU was diagnosed at the initial request for medical help for pain in the lower back and hip joints. Timely diagnosis was carried out taking into account the burdened hereditary anamnesis. AU was detected at an early stage of the disease, when persistent functional disorders in the spine and joints have not yet formed, which could later become irreversible.
THEORETICAL STUDY OF THE SUPPLY ADDITIONAL AIR PARAMETERS FOR FORCED TURBULENCE OF THE CHARGE
Authors: Аладашвили Иосиф , Aladashvili Iosif , Макарова Ольга , Makarova Ol'ga , Яруллин Фанис , Yarullin Fanis
Published: October 2019

The article touches upon the problem of the power unit’s operation, which has been modernized in order to increase its technical, economic and environmental indicators. Namely, it addresses the main issues of quantitative and qualitative mixture formation, the correct location of the fittings for supplying additional air is selected, the effect of additional air on the physical processes occurring in the cylinder of the power unit during its operation is determined. In addition, it considers the theoretical aspects of the dynamics of additional air introduced at the end of the filling and at the beginning of compression in the cylinder of the power unit. All of the above must be done so that the measures taken to improve the technical, economic and environmental indicators of the power unit do not contradict the conditions and requirements that were originally laid down by the manufacturer when developing this power unit. Firstly, today it is quite difficult to achieve this, the reason for this is the fact that the power units each time become more powerful in order to meet all the requirements that arise in the context of fierce competition between different manufacturers, and secondly - a high degree of unification of the constituent parts of automotive - tractor equipment and other transport technological machines and equipment that are equipped with ICE. Based on this, any refinement, even the slightest, leads to significant changes in all the main output parameters of the nodes and assemblies of the machine. In addition, it is necessary, whenever possible, to take into account all types of modernization that have been done by other researchers to improve the abovementioned parameters of the power unit.
Impact of physical activity on the human body - the physiological basis of physical activity
Authors: Żołądkiewicz Katarzyna
Published: October 2019

Physical activity, recreational sports as well as competitive sports effect the human body and cause uprising a physiological reaction of a body system. Changes that occur activity are mainly connected to the body homeostasis restoration. Observation of physiological reaction of body are very important tool that allows to analyze the preparation of the human body for carrying out activities. The large number of physiological changes have a short-term nature, but on the other hand some of them will last for a longer time effecting body’s functioning.The aim of this work was to show the basic physiological reactions of a human body as a easy tool for physical activity observation. Understanding of such reactions can be a useful tool in recreation and physical training.
Electrocardiographic Pattern in Children suffering from Diphtheria during 1973 at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta
Authors: Affandi Maemunah , Madiyono Bambang , Sonityo Otty W. , G. Purwana K.
Published: October 2019

ECG abnormalities were found in 39 (45.3%) out of 86 diphtheria cases; 29 cases (33.6%) had significant myocardial involvement. Myocardial involvement comprised minor changes in 24 cases and major changes in 5 cases. Twenty two cases of myocardial involvement occurred in the first week of hospitalization, while 7 cases occurred after the first week of hospitalization. The ECG abnormalities of the 29 cases disappeared within 1 to 2 weeks or after 3 weeks. Minor changes have a good prognosis, while major changes, especially an AV block, have a poor prognosis.
Treatment of Bronchopneumonia with Spiramycine (Rovamycine)
Authors: Soejono Soejono , Trastotenojo Moeljono S. , N. Harsoyo
Published: October 2019

Fifty-seven children with bronchopneumonia, comprising 32 male and 25 female, were admitted to the Department of Child Health, Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, during the period of May 1972 - May 1973. Varying in ages between 16 days and 7 years, 36 of them were less than one year old. They were treated with spiramycine (Rovamycine) given orally in a dosage of 50 mg/kg body weight daily in three divided doses. The failure was 9 out of 57 cases (15.8%) and in infants 7 out of 36 cases (19.4%). The culture of infants revealed 36.1% staphylococcus and in older children showed 4.8%. All cases of staphylococcus as a single cause which was treated with spiramycine gave good results. No side effects of spiramycine were noted. The study showed that spiramycine has a value in the treatment of childhood bronchopneumonia especially in staphylococcal injections in infants.
Infantile diarrhoea: Breast and bottle feeding compared with special reference to their clinical role
Authors: Munir Muzief
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate a clinical presentation of diarrhoea in infants under 2 years of age, in relation to their types of feeding. It was found that the duration of diarrhoea in bottle-fed infants was significantly longer than in breast-fed ones. It was 7.2 ± 0.46 days in bottle-fed, compared to 5.5 ± 0.17 days in breast-fed infants.

The prevalence of acute Otitis media and Rhinopharyngitis in bottle-fed infants under 1 year of age was higher than in breast-fed infants.f!owever,it was not so after 1 year of age.
Complete atrioventricuar block in children
Authors: Widhanarto B. , Samik A. , Saliki Saliki
Published: October 2019

Two cases (a 7 years and a 2 years old boy) suffering from complete atrioventricular block have been reported. Both of them were found accidentally without any subjective symptoms of atrioventricular block although the ventricular rate was less· than 45 times per minute. The diagnosis was easily established with eletrocardiographic examinations. It was necessary to detect the underlying diseases, and for this purpose some appropriate laboratory examinations were done. Rheumatic fever and viral myocarditis were suspected to be the underlying disease in these cases. The follow up during 7 years for the case with rheumatic fever and 3 months for the case with viral myocarditis showed that the abnormalities were permanent, and they did not require any specific treatment for the atrioventricular block itself.
Tetralogy of Fallot at tbe Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University, Ujung Pandang
Authors: Pelupessy J. M. C. H. , Albar Husein
Published: October 2019

A retrospective study was carried out on children with tetralogy of Fallot at the Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, Hasanuddin University/Ujung Pandang General Hospital from January 1, 1982 to December 31, 1985 inclusive.

The diagnosis of tetralogy of Fallot was based on the history, clinical and laboratory findings, chest radiograms and electrocardiograms. There were 10 children included consisting of 7 in- and 3 out- patients, ranging in age from 17 days to 10 years. All in-patients had protein energy malnutrition and or respiratory tract infection. Boy to girl ratio was 1 : 1,5.

Cyanosis developed before the age of six months, clubbing of the fingers and toes manifested after one year of age while squatting became obvious after the age of two and a half years.
Conservative Treatment of Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
Authors: Fine Richard N.
Published: October 2019

The infant, child and adolescent who has irreversible impairment of renal function, regardless of the specific etiology, invariably experiences a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) over time. This decline in GFR can be attributed to an unremitting attack on the remaining unaffected nephrons by, the primary disease process such as in a patient with acquired immune complex disease, but the reasons for the progressive decline in GFR in patients with congenital diseases are more difficult to identify.

Currently the hypothesis attributing the decline in GFR to damage to the remaining intact nephrons resulting from hyperperfusion is receiving increasing attention. Creation of CRF in the rat model by 7/8 nephrectomy leads to a rapid decline in GFR and focal glomerulosclerosis (FGS) in the previously normal glomeruli. This lesion of FGS is presumably a result of hyperperfusion of the remaining normal nephrons in order to compensate for the reduction in functioning renal mass.
Accurate Detection of Built-Up Areas from High-Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery Using a Fully Convolutional Network
Authors: Tan Yihua , Xiong Shengzhou , Li Zhi , Tian Jinwen , Li Yansheng
Published: October 2019

The analysis of built-up areas has always been a popular research topic for remote sensing applications. However, automatic extraction of built-up areas from a wide range of regions remains challenging. In this article, a fully convolutional network (FCN)–based strategy is proposed
to address built-up area extraction. The proposed algorithm can be divided into two main steps. First, divide the remote sensing image into blocks and extract their deep features by a lightweight multi-branch convolutional neural network (LMB-CNN). Second, rearrange the deep features into
feature maps that are fed into a well-designed FCN for image segmentation. Our FCN is integrated with multi-branch blocks and outputs multi-channel segmentation masks that are utilized to balance the false alarm and missing alarm. Experiments demonstrate that the overall classification accuracy
of the proposed algorithm can achieve 98.75% in the test data set and that it has a faster processing compared with the existing state-of-the-art algorithms.
Scattering-Mechanism-Based Investigation of Optimal Combinations of Polarimetric SAR Frequency Bands for Land Cover Classification
Authors: Qi Zhixin , Yeh Anthony Gar-On , Li Xia
Published: October 2019

Aiming at steering the selection of optimal combinations of polarimetric SAR (PolSAR) frequency bands for different land cover classification schemes, this study investigates the land cover classification capabilities of all the possible combinations of L-band ALOS PALSAR fully PolSAR
data, C-band RADARSAT-2 fully PolSAR data, and X-band TerraSAR-X HH SAR data. A method that integrates polarimetric decomposition, object-based image analysis, decision tree algorithms, and support vector machines is used for the classification. Polarimetric decomposition theorems are used
to interpret the scattering mechanisms at the different frequency bands to reveal the effect mechanisms of PolSAR frequency variation on the classification capability. This study finds that (1) X-band HH SAR is not necessary for classifying the land cover types involved in this study when
C- or L-band fully PolSAR are used; (2) C-band fully PolSAR alone is adequate for classifying primitive land cover types, namely, water, bare land, vegetation, and built-up areas; and (3) L-band fully PolSAR alone is adequate for distinguishing between various vegetation types, such as crops,
banana trees, and forests.
O preconceito econômico-social na percepção de estudantes de odontologia: uma perspectiva crítica
Authors: Zilbovicius Celso , Carnut Leonardo , Lopes Tarsila Teixeira Vilhena
Published: October 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo compreender a percepção dos graduandos de odontologia sobre os conteúdos relativos ao preconceito econômico-social e sua relação com a saúde. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa-ação pedagógica, crítico-colaborativa, com graduandos do 1º ano da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade São Paulo, Campus Capital, em 2016. Para fins analítico-interpretativos, optou-se pela análise de conteúdo clássica, tomando-se como unidade textual as sentenças/proposições dispostas nos textos e para interpretação das percepções utilizou-se a matriz marxista. Foram construídas 18 categorias que sintetizam as percepções sobre o tema. As percepções sobre ‘as doenças, independente de qual lado atingem, são motivos de estigmas e preconceitos’ e ‘os preconceitos socioeconômicos e racial estão conectados’ foram as mais presentes na percepção deste grupo. Ao final, compreendeu-se que as percepções sobre o preconceito econômico-social é plural e contraditória, com momentos de reprodução e crítica do instituído, inclusive sobre o próprio papel dos estudantes nesse processo.
The ghost of Maurice at the court of Heraclius
Authors: Booth Phil
Published: October 2019

This paper explores the complex reception of the reign of Maurice (582-602) at the court of Heraclius (610 -641). It explores how the reign of Maurice established two important precedents for Heraclius as he emerged from the Last Great War: first, the re-establishment, after a long hiatus, of the principle of filial succession; and second, the realisation of a profound, co-operative peace with the Persians. It then argues, however, that Heraclian authors - in particular Theophylact Simocatta - resisted the sanctification of the murdered emperor, framing him instead as, ultimately, a failure, suggesting that he had deserved and accepted his death, and insisting that he had surrendered all of his children, including his son and co-emperor Theodosius, to the same fate. Thus the reign of Maurice was presented not as an apex from which his successors had fallen, but as a pale foreshadowing of the early triumphs of Heraclius.
Dynamism of collocation in L2 English writing: A bigram-based study
Authors: Qian Yubin
Published: October 2019

Here we present a longitudinal study of collocation, highlighting bigram development in L2 writing over a five-month span. Our analysis is primarily based on the learner corpus, a collection of 570 untimed L2 writing which is benchmarked against a reference corpus, the BNC. We applied two measures, the mean MI and the averaget, computed from the learner corpus, to quantify both overall performance and individual variation. Interviews with three learners were conducted to explore factors contributing to the dynamism of bigram development. Our study found that, across the five times of writing, (1) learners’ command of bigrams, those of high quality in particular, is fairly unstable; (2) inter- and intra- individual variations account for the individual differences in managing bigrams over time; and (3) learners’ perception of collocation and their allocation of resources add to the dynamism of bigram development. Our study implies that teaching collocation from a dynamic perspective deserves increased attention. It is advisable to consider individual differences when allocating resources in teaching collocation.
General knowledge as an evidential category
Authors: Kittilä Seppo
Published: October 2019

Numerous studies have dealt with the coding of information sources within and across languages. These studies have shown that despite the significant differences in the number of formally distinct evidentiality categories, languages tend to have grammaticalized markers for certain information sources, but not for others; different kinds of sensory perception, inference, assumption and hearsay evidence are among those information sources that receive explicit coding. In this paper, another evidence type, namely general knowledge, will be examined. It will be shown that general knowledge differs from other information sources in its nature, but it also has features in common with them. In addition, a formal-functional typology of general knowledge coding will be proposed based on the nature of the element used for this purpose. Finally, the rationale behind the discussed types and the central theoretical implications of the paper will be discussed. The attested types either stress the peculiar nature of general knowledge providing evidence for its independent information source status, or they emphasize the common features shared by general knowledge and other information sources, most notably reliability of information.
Experimental evaluation of self-expandable metallic tracheobronchial stents
Authors: Wang Yanli , Dong Pengfei , Ke Jingyao , Shen Xiang , Li Zongming , Ren Kewei , Han Xinwei , Gu Linxia
Published: October 2019

The self-expandable metallic stents have been widely used in tracheobronchial obstruction or fistulation, including the J-shaped and Y-shaped stents, named after the shape of the branch-stem junction of the stent. However, there is scarce data on the mechanical performance of these tracheobronchial stents, which is essential for optimal stent implantation. In this work, eight self-expandable metallic tracheobronchial stents in three types (i.e., straight, J-shaped, and Y-shaped), with or without cover, were characterized. The compression resistance of the stems was investigated through both compression and indentation tests. The bending resistance of the branches in the J-shaped and Y-shaped stents was assessed through the bending test. Our results demonstrated that the covered stents exhibited a significantly higher compression resistance and bending resistance than the uncovered ones. The branches had a minimal impact on the compression resistance of the stem. The branch of the J-shaped stent showed a significantly lower bending resistance than the Y shaped one. This work provides a testing framework for the J-shaped and Y-shaped stents,which could shed some light on the optimal design of stent with branches.