bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern emollients impact on the damaged skin barrier at children with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Kindeeva E T , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Damaged skin barrier has significant role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Use of emollients is reasonable for skin care of AD patients. Background. To compare the clinical efficacy of Kserodian plus with traditional moisturizer (cream Unna) at children with atopic dermatitis. Materials and methods. The study included 31 children with AD. Children were divided into 2 groups: patients in group 1 (n=8) used Kserodian plus 2 times daily for skin lesions and limbs in the complex therapy, patients in the 2nd group (n=13) received combined therapy incorporating traditional dampening agent on the basis of lanolin (cream Unna) 3 times daily. All patients underwent measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) (Tewameter TM 300, Multi Probe Adapter MPA 5/9, Courage + Khazaka) and the pH of the skin (SkinpHMeter, Multi Probe Adapter MPA 5/9, Courage + Khazaka) before and after 2 weeks of therapy. Results. Kserodian plus decreased erythema, dryness of the skin, itching, square of leasons in all the patients. Statistically significant decrease in the values of TEWL and skin surface pH (p
Drug allergy. Recommendations for clinicians (Part 3)
Authors: Ilina N I , Latisheva T V , Miasnikova T N , Luss L V , Kurbacheva O M , Erokhina S M
Published: July 2021

Recommendations contain modern data about incidence, etiology, patogenesis, diagnostics and treatment of drug allergy.
Allergic rhinitis or adenoid vegetations/adenoids. Where is the truth?
Authors: Revyakina V A , Garaschenko T I , Samohvat A M
Published: July 2021

Background. Children with frequent acute respiratory viral infections and clinical symptoms of the upper respiratory tract are often prescribed unwarranted surgical treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the allergic reactivity in children with frequent acute respiratory viral infections and obstructed nasal breathing. Methods. The study included 48 children aged from 2 to 7 years old, 29 boys and 19 girls. Clinical examination including anamnesis morby and family anamnesis of allergy, endoscopic examination of the nose and nasopharynx, total and allergen-specific IgE determination were performed. Results. In 87,5% of children with frequent acute respiratory viral infections and previously diagnosed adenoid hypertrophy degree II-III with a block of auditory tube pharyngeal mouths or hypertrophy of adenoid hypertrophy with II degree pipe rollers, pipe tonsils, allergic rhinitis (?) hypersensitivity to house dust mites and in 54,1% to pollen was detected. In 25,0% of children allergen-specific IgE antibodies to food allergens (cow’s milk, nuts, grains, pears) were identified. 33,3% of children had high levels of allergen-specific IgE antibodies to cats and dogs epidermidis. Conclusion. Children with frequent acute respiratory viral infections and nasal obstruction require allergist survey to develop treatment strategies.
Allergic contact dermatitis
Authors: Kochergin N G
Published: July 2021

Russian Dermatology describes irritant and allergic contact dermatitis. The latter one being immune associated is characterized by huge spectrum of clinical features demanding individual approaches to topical corticosteroid therapy. Hydrocortizone 17-butirate in the formulations of ointment, cream, Lipocream and Crelo allows effectively and safely solve therapeutic problems of topical treatment.
IMMUNOGENETICS AND BIOMEDICINE
Authors: Khaitov R M , Alexeev L P
Published: July 2021

Review is devoted to recent achievements in human immunogenetics, physiology of HLA, genetic basis of predisposition to diseases and susceptibility to adverse environment factors implication of immunogenetics in practical medicine.
PHENOTYPES AND ENDOTYPES OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA: FROM PATHOGENESIS AND CLINICAL FEATURES TO THERAPY
Authors: Kurbacheva O M , Pavlova K S
Published: July 2021

Questions of bronchial asthma heterogeneity, approaches to allocation of various phenotypes on the basis of clinical signs, biological and genetic markers and endotypes taking into account an etiology and pathophysiology of the disease are considered in the article. Allocation of phenotypes / endotypes promote the best understanding of essence of a disease and it is expedient for development of an individual approach to therapy as some options of a current OH can differ the resistant answer to standard treatment.
Current understanding of drug`s hypersensitivity reactions classification and pathogenesis
Authors: Zhukova D G , Fedenko E S , Yudin A A , Tsyvkina E A , Goncharov N G
Published: July 2021

Drug’s side effects are considered to be a difficult area of medicine. This review covers adverse drugs reactions classification, current understanding of pathogenesis and pharmacovigilance.
Polymorphism of the cytokine genes (H4, ИМ) and peculiarities of immune response depending on the control over atopic bronchial asthma in children
Authors: Smolnikova M V , Smirnova S V , Tyutina O S , Bychkovskaya S V
Published: July 2021

Background. The aim of this study was to investigate the main indices of humoral and cellular immunity, the levels of cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, TNFa) and polymorphism of promoter regions of cytokine genes (IL4 and IL10) in children with atopic bronchial asthma (ABA) with different levels of disease control. Methods. We have analyzed 110 children with ABA - controlled (CABA, n=59) and uncontrolled (UABA, n=51) and healthy children (control group, n=52). Parameters of cellular immunity were determined by fluorescence microscopy using monoclonal antibodies to surface receptors. Parameters of humoral immunity and cytokine levels in the samples of serum were measured by ELISA. Genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the IL4 (С-590Т) and IL10 (С597А) genes was performed by PCR. Results. The level of TNFa and the relative amount of CD8+ cells was increased, while the counts of CD3+ cells and the relative amount of CD4+ cells was decreased in UABA as compared to CABA. In CABA, lower concentration of the IL-10 in serum associated with the IL10 A-597 allele was observed. The IL4 T-590 allele tends to be associated with non-controlled ABA. Conclusion. The level of TNFa, and the CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cell counts were identified as markers of uncontrolled course of ABA in children. Polymorphic variants of IL4 and IL10 genes can be considered as candidate markers of uncontrolled ABA.
CURRENT TRENDS IN THE PHARMACOTHERAPY OF ATOPIC ASTHMA
Authors: Astafieva N G , Gamova I V , Udovitchenko E N , Perfilova I A , Kobzev D Y , Kenesarieva J M
Published: July 2021

Asthma is a common chronic respiratory disease, characterized by different mechanisms and the development of heterogeneous phenotypes. This review discusses the main pharmacotherapy innovations and their possible clinical application.
Moscow newborns: a demand of primary dietary prophylaxis of allergy
Authors: Geneva M S , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

Background. Primary prevention of allergic diseases in children is specified by the increase of allergic diseases prevalence in a population and may be mediated through the special milk formulas. The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of allergic symptoms in families of Moscow newborns and to evaluate the hypothetic demand in a special milk formula dietary supplement. Methods. 18 visits to the Postnatal Department of Moscow No.1 Maternity Hospital were carried out. All women delivered in the preceding 48 hours were questioned on each visit. Information on relatives of a newborns family and on allergic manifestations in them has been obtained from the mothers. Information on 3534 relatives of 393 newborns was collected. Results. Moscow newborns-2011 cohort have allergy manifestations in one close relative within 41,7% families, in two or more relatives within 14,5% families. In case of all relatives studied the respective prevalence is 59% and 25,1%. Conclusion. Moscow newborns-2011 primary prevention of allergy (including special formula supplement) is probable in 14,5 % families in case of two or more close relatives with allergies and in 25% families in case two or more relatives with allergy within the wide range of them.
Endothelial dysfunction in patients with bronchial asthma
Authors: Sobko E A , Kraposhina A Y , Ryazanova N G , Ischenko O P , Demko I V , Salmina A B , Eidemiller N S , Gerzheg G E
Published: July 2021

Background. To estimate interrelation of clinical and functional parameters and vessel tome regulating function of endothelium in patients with bronchial asthma. Methods. 126 patients with bronchial asthma have been examined, including 29 patients with mild bronchial asthma (the first group), 32 persons with moderate bronchial asthma (the second group), 40 respondents with severe asthma (the third group) and 25 patients with steroiddependent asthma (fourth group). The control group included 27 healthy volunteers. We have assessed the parameters of external respiration, vasodilatation function, and the levels of TNFa, IL4, sCD31 in the plasma. Results. The results of the research of vessel tome regulating function in patients with bronchial asthma are presented. The existence of endothelial function of an endothelium are characterized by disturbance of vasomotor activity of endothelium, rising of sCD31 and levels of cytokines (Il-4, TNFa) in plasma was revealed. These changes deteriorate within the ages and the course of bronchial asthma. Conclusion. We have demonstrated that endothelial dysfunction is developed even at the early stages of bronchial asthma.
THE IMPACT OF SUBLINGUAL ALLERGEN IMMUNOTHERAPY ON ASTHMA CONTROL AND THE QUALITY OF LIFE LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH ALLERGIC ASTHMA AND SENSITIZATION TO TREES POLLEN
Authors: NAGATKIN D A , ZHESTKOV A V
Published: July 2021

Background. To Evaluate the effects of trees pollen sublingual products on the control and quality of life in patients with allergic asthma and proven sensitization to pollens of trees. Methods. We enrolled 56 patients in open prospective study and divided into 2 groups to assess the effectiveness of therapy with sublingual allergen. Groups were matched on estimated parameters of quality of life, level of control and forced expiratory volume in the first second. Results. Statistically significant improvement of quality of life parameters and the level of control within the group receiving sublingual immunotherapy was obtained. Significant difference in the average dose of received inhaled corticosteroids was established in the treatment group comparing to control. Conclusion. Sublingual allergen specific immunotherapy has a positive impact on quality of life and level of control in patients with allergic asthma and proven sensitization to pollens of trees, and decreasing the dose of inhaled corticosteroids.
Preexposure prophylaxis of infants’ food allergy
Authors: Denisova S N , Belitskaya M Yu , Sentsova T B , Revyakina V A , Kirillova O O , Vorozhko I V
Published: July 2021

Background. Till the present time the problem of food allergy remains to be the topical subject and demands further development of therapeutical and prevention programs, including diet therapy for nursing mothers. The work is aimed at clinical and immunological evaluating of diet therapy of mothers whose children have atopic dermatitis on the back of breast feeding only. Methods. There were 100 «mother and child» couples kept under observance, that were divided into two groups. All the children had atopic dermatitis (AD), associated to cow milk protein allergy. Nursing mothers from both the groups were treated by diet therapy according to which the cow milk in diet have been replaced either with goat milk of New Zealand origin (first group had 43 «mother and child» couples) or with nondairy products (second group had 57 «mother and child» couples). Effectiveness of diet therapy of nursing mothers has been evaluated by the dynamic of clinical and immunological symptoms of atopic dermatitis in 1-3 months from treatment beginning. Immunological effectiveness of the treatment has been evaluated by the dynamic of indexes of specific IgE and IgG antibodies to cow milk protein, β-lactoglobulin, casein, soy protein and goat milk protein and cytokines levels. Results. In the course of treatment, that included diet therapy of nursing mothers and antiallergic cure of infants, both the groups showed remission and saved breast feeding. Immunological evaluating of therapeutic intervention’s effectiveness revealed the improvement of total IgE, allergenspecific IgE and IgG antibodies to cow milk protein and its fractions, as well as to soy and goat milk protein in blood of all the children on the back of breast feeding. Moreover, complex therapy conduced decreasing of pro-inflammatory cytokines concentration in blood. Conclusion. These findings prove reasonability of dietary treatement for nursing mothers, whose children have atopic dermatitis, associated associated to cow milk protein allergy.
EFFICIENCY OF ALLERGENSPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY IN ADOLESCENTS WITH POLLINOSIS
Authors: Balabolkin I I , Beljaeva E V , Sosnina O B , Ksenzova L D , Larkova I A
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Efficiency of ASIT in adolescents with pollinosis is not enough investigated. Materials and methods. Authors investigated 45 adolescents with pollinosis of 10—17 years old. Investigation included skin tests with atopic allergens, determine of total IgE, (ELISE, Russia), specific IgE (MAST, USA), sIL2R, IL4, IL5, IL8, IL10, IL13, IFNγ (ELISE, Belgium) in blood serum. Rush subcutaneous ASIT with pollen allergens was performed. Results. ASIT proved to be effective in 39 (86,4%) adolescents with pollinosis. In 52% adolescents with pollinosis and food allergy to products of plant origin was noticed increasing of tolerance to them. Normalization of levels of IL5 and IL 10 in blood serum was noticed. ASIT was more efficient in children with moderate increasing of IgE levels in blood serum. Conclusion. ASIT is effective method of treatment of adolescents with pollinosis.
TARGET THERAPY OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA WITH LEUKOTRIENE RECEPTOR AGONISTS
Authors: Nenasheva N M
Published: July 2021

This article describes the features of asthma phenotypes such as asthma in smokers and asthma and obesity. The role of cysteinyl leukotrienes is discussed in the formation of inflammation in these phenotypes of asthma. The leukotriene receptor antagonists, including montelukast are effective in therapy of this category of patients.
Features of delayed hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media diagnosis. Clinical cases
Authors: Lebedeva N V , Myasnikova T N , Latysheva T V
Published: July 2021

The article presents the proprietary data of the survey of patients who had undergone a history of hypersensitivity reactions after administration of iodinated contrast media (RCM), the estimation of skin tests with RCM in these patients and two clinical cases of patients who had a history of delayed-type hypersensitivity.
Antihistamines in seasonal allergic rhinitis from a position of evidential medicine
Authors: Karaulov A V
Published: July 2021

The article considers I and II generation of antihistamines (AGs), which are used today in medical practice. The advantages of nonsedative II generation of AGs, especially socalled active metabolites (fexofenadine, cetirizine, levocetirizine, desloratadine) are emphasized. Currently, AGs, such as fexofenadine is deservedly regarded. This is one of the most effective H1AG for therapeutic practice that combines high efficacy and safety. This is the first choice treatment for allergic rhinitis patients.
Toll-like receptors in human skin
Authors: Ionescu M A
Published: July 2021

Uriage patented complex TlR2-Regul® modulates the activity of toll-like receptors, which are the part of innate immune system. TlR2-Regul ®-containing emulsions used as monotherapy in patients with light seborrheic dermatitis, acne and atopic dermatitis significantly reduces the signs of skin inflammation.
ASMANEX TWISTHALER - THE DRUG OF CHOICE AMONG INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS
Authors: Latysheva T V , Latysheva E A , Shubina O V
Published: July 2021

Goals. To reveal the clinical efficacy and safety of Asmanex in patients with moderate and severe bronchial asthma (BA), treated with inhaled and/or systemic glucocorticosteroids (GCS), depending on the severity and level of control. Methods. 40 patients (age 18 to 65 years) were treated with Asmanex with equivalent to prior therapy with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) doses or in combination with systemic corticosteroids prior therapy (without increasing the dose of systemic corticosteroids) for 3 months. Efficacy was assessed before and after the treatment on a background of Asmanex treatment by the need of additional using of agonists of β 2-adrenoreceptors, severity of daytime and nighttime asthma symptoms, dynamics of spirometry parameters. The efficacy of Asmanex was compared with the original baseline therapy of other inhaled corticosteroids at equivalent doses using the new delivery system.
PREGNANT WOMEN DIET’S INFLUENCE OVER THE RATES OF SECRETORY IMMUNOGLOBULIN IN BREAST MILK
Authors: BOGDANOVA S V , GMOSHINSKAYA M V , SENTSOVA T B , DENISOVA S N , REVYAKINA V A , BEREZINA E A , ILIENKO L I
Published: July 2021

Background. Secretory IgA of breast milk plays the main role in prevention of alimentary sensibilization and in protection against infectious agents. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different diets of pregnant women over the rate of secretory IgA in breast milk post partum. Materials and methods. Monitoring group comprised 148 pregnant and lactating women. Pregnant women have been divided into 3 subgouprs depending on the diet type. The first subgroup included 37 (25%) women, being on hypoallergenic diet (HD). The second one included 29 (19,5%) pregnant women, being on HD and taking also probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). The third subgroup included 82 (55,4%) women, being on hypoallergenic diet provided the replacement of cow milk with New Zealand goat’s milk «Amaltea» and taking the probiotic LGG. Results. The analysis showed that the rate of secretory IgA, IgA1 and IgA2 in breast milk depends on whether a woman has any allergy or gastrointestinal disease. HD diet provided LGG and New Zealand goat’s milk led to increased rates of secretory immunoglobulin in breast milk. The highest rate was detected in breast milk of the second subgroup of women, where HD and LGG were applied and the women didn’t have any allergy or gastrointestinal disease.
Safety and physiological action of probiotics as remedies for immune correction
Authors: Kalyuzhin O V
Published: July 2021

Disclosure of mechanisms that are used by the intestinal microbiota to maintain host immune homeostasis has established a scientific basis for the use of probiotics as immunomodulators. From the standpoint of physiological action, probiotics seem to be attractive targets for the search of effective remedies to strengthen antiinfectious immune response. The potential to cause intestinal and extraintestinal infections and to disseminate genes of antimicrobial resistance necessitates careful monitoring of probiotic strains safety. WHO, FAO, EFSA and some other international organizations have formulated the principles for assessment of probiotic safety and efficacy, which contribute to the appearance on the market of reliable remedies for the correction of immune disorders.
EVALUATION OF HUMORAL IMMUNITY IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ALLERGIC HISTORY
Authors: Denisova S N , Belitskaya M Yu , Sentsova T B , Bogdanova S V
Published: July 2021

Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate humoral immunity and efficacy of diet therapy in pregnant women with allergic history. Methods. Monitoring group comprised 118 pregnant women. The study group included 83 pregnant women who received dietary correction of the diet with the inclusion of the New Zealand goat milk. The comparison group consisted of 35 pregnant women, dietary recommendations, with the inclusion in the diet of the cow’s milk (CM). The content of total serum IgE was detected using the immunoassay analyzer using monospecific reagent. Allergenspecific IgE antibodies to CM, βLH, casein and soy protein were determined by enzyme immunoassay analyzer using commercial kits «Allergopharma». Contents of immunoglobulins G, A, M in the serum were determined by nephelometry on immunochemical analyzer IMMAGE. Results. Unlike women from the comparison group half of pregnant women had a core group of allergic diseases, the majority of women in both groups were observed burdened obstetric history, indicating a decrease in their reproductive function. Dysfunctions of the gastrointestinal tract were observed in 34,7% of pregnant women in both groups, and the frequency in women with an allergy was 2,3 times higher than in women not suffering from allergic reactions. High levels of total IgE in serum were observed in the patients with allergy, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as their combination. The concentration of allergen specific IgE antibodies to proteins in cow’s milk was higher in women with IgEmediated allergies. In pregnant women with allergies and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract serum IgG and IgA levels were decreased. Conclusion. Application of hypoallergenic diet with cow’s milk replacement for New Zealand goat milk, as well as the exclusion of cow’s milk or a restriction in the diet of pregnant women caused a reduction of total IgE in the blood compared to previous treatment. Allergenspecific IgE antibodies to milk proteins decreased in the majority of women while dietary treatment.
THE PREVALENCE AND STRUCTURE OF ALLERGIC DISEASES IN ATHLETES OF THE HIGHEST ACHIEVEMENTS
Authors: Shartanova N V
Published: July 2021

Background. To identify the prevalence of allergic diseases, characteristics of the spectrum of allergens in athletes of the highest achievements. Materials and Methods. 417 athletes of the highest achievements were examined (members of the Russian Federation national teams of different sports). To assess the allergic status of the athletes allergological, pharmacological, nutritional histories were collected. Also we used skin prick tests with various groups of allergens, identification of allergen-specific IgE in serum (indicated) to confirm allergy. Results. Among the athletes of highest achievements a high prevalence of AD (24,5%) was revealed. In 20,3% latent sensitization was determined. The sensitization to the domestic and epidermal allergens was predominant (90,2%). In the spectrum of pollen allergens in 62,5% of athletes sensitization to Compositae and Chenopodiaceae pollen was dominated. In structure of AD AR occurred in 50%, hay fever — in 20,5%, urticaria — in 13,7%, drug allergy — in 10,8%, asthma — in 7,8%. Conclusion. Early detection and adequate therapy of AD in athletes will significantly improve the health level and athletic performance.
Chitinase-like protein YKL-40 from nasal mucosa as a biomarker of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Tyurin YU A , Sukmanskaya E O , Kulikov S N , Fassakhov R S
Published: July 2021

Background. Chitinase-like protein YKL-40 plays an important role in human atopic diseases. The aim of this study was to determine of the level of chitinase-like protein YKL-40 in the secretions of nasal mucosa of patients with chronic allergic rhinitis. Methods. Samples of allergic nasal mucosa were obtained from twelve patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. Measurement of nasal YKL-40 levels was performed with modification in duplicate using commercially available ELISA kits for YKL-40. The amount of nasal eosinophils and neutrophils were also determined. Results. There were significant differences between healthy volunteers and patients with allergic rhinitis for mucosal YKL-40 levels and the amount of nasal eosinophil and neutrophil cells, which have some characteristics closely associated with allergic response. The nasal YKL-40 levels in patients with allergic rhinitis were in tens times more higher than those in controls. Conclusion. Thus, we conclude that the level of chitinase-like protein YKL-40 was upregulated in allergic nasal mucosa compared with normal nasal mucosa, suggesting their roles in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.
MUTATION C3435T IN MULTI-DRUG RESISTANCE GENE MDR1 AS PHARMACOGENETIC MARKER OF SEVERE COURSE OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
Authors: Mironova Z A , Trofimov V I , Iantchina Е D , Ulitina A S , Dubina М V
Published: July 2021

Background. Early detection and treatment of severe forms of bronchial asthma (BA) is one of serious problems in clinical practice. BA is a multifactorial disease, so its progression is a result of both environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Aim of the study. To determine frequencies of genetic variants resulted from the mutation C3435T (rs1045642) in MDR1 gene among patients with different BA severity and in healthy controls. Methods. The trial included 122 patients with different severity of BA course and 103 healthy controls. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leucocytes by routine phenol-chloroform protocol. Allelic variants were determined by polymerase chain reaction with subsequent restriction analysis with MboI restriction endonuclease. Results. For the first time association of allelic variant 3435C of MDR1 gene with BA was revealed. Differences between MDR1 genotypes distributions persisted in case of stratification BA patients according their severity courses. Severity of BA course was found to be strongly associated with 3435C allele. Conclusion. Allele 3435C and genotype 3435CC of gene MDR1 are markers of increased risk of BA progression. In patients with BA these alleles are associated with unfavorable severe course of the disease. Genotype 3435TT of gene MDR1 is a protective marker associated with favorable and well-controlled BA course.
The basic markers of neutrophilic inflammation in severe bronchial asthma (the literature review)
Authors: Goryachkina L A , Biteeva D V , Fomina D S
Published: July 2021

In spite of the marked insights of modern medicine into the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, there is unresolved issue regarding achievement of therapeutic control. Understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the disease resulted in a subdivision into different biological phenotypes due to dominating inflammatory component, characterized by list of biological markers. A role of neutrophilic inflammation in bronchial asthma has been widely discussed in recent studies but is still uncertain. In general, asthma associated with neutrophils tends to be a more aggressive disease with more tissue destruction and airway remodeling; tightly associated with lower response to corticosteroids treatment, moreover, it could be induced by it.
Severe аtopic dermatitis: problems in care
Authors: Fedenko E S , Elisyutina O G , Shtyrbul O V
Published: July 2021

In this article problems in care of severe atopic dermatitis (AD) are considered. The main medications for AD treatment are topical corticosteroids, topical calcineurin inhibitors and emollients. In spite of adequate topical therapy the disease often gets a severe recurrent course with frequent exacerbations. In such cases treatment is considered to be a difficult problem and quite often it is necessary to use systemic preparations: corticosteroids, immunosupressors, cytostatics. They are able to reduce and control exacerbations fast and effectively, but because of side effects these preparations shouldn’t be applied for a long time. Considering increase of severe AD cases, now great attention is given to immunotherapy. In the article the retrospective analysis of data about 56 severe AD patients who underwent a course of complex treatment including plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulins is presented.
TACROLIMUS IN TREATMENT OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS PATIENTS WITH SIDE EFFECTS OF LONG LASTING TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS APPLICATION. CASE REPORTS
Authors: Elisyutina O G , Fedenko E S , Shtirbul O V
Published: July 2021

The own data of the retrospective analysis of 88 atopic dermatitis (AD) clinical cases from 2011 to 2012 are presented in this article. 3 clinical cases of tacrolimus using in AD patients, who had side effects of long lasting topical corticosteroids application are described.
Antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in children with atopic dermatitis in 2002-2004 versus 2007-2009 years
Authors: Treneva M S , Pampura A N , Voronina V R , Zaporozhtseva Z V
Published: July 2021

Background. Staphylococus aureus (S. aureus) colonization is revealed in 80-84% of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). There are no results on S. aureus susceptibility to antibiotics in children with AD within the period 2002-2004 to 2007-2009 years. Methods. S. aureus susceptibility to antibiotics was evaluated in 62 children with AD in 2002-2004 years and in 199 children in 2007-2009 years. S. aureus susceptibility and resistance to antibiotics were evaluated as frequencies (q) and their 95% confidential intervals (CI 95%) with MS «Excell». results. S. aureus antibiotic susceptibility in AD children is increased to ciprofloxacin since 2002-2004 to 2007-2009 [0,54 (0,42..0,67) /0,85 (0,80..0,91)] and is not changed to ceftriaxone [0,57 (0,44..0,70) /0,64 (0,57..0,71)], oxacillin [0,75 (0,64..0,86)/0,71 (0,64..0,78)] and cefuroxime [0,61 (0,49..0,74)/0,58 (0,36..0,80)]. Erythromycin susceptibility of S. aureus is 7 times reduced [0,71 (0,60..0,82)/0,10 (0,06..0,14)]; chloramphenicol susceptibility is 2 times reduced [0,79 (0,69..0,90)/0,33 (0,09..0,57)]. There is a decline of S. aureus antibiotic susceptibility to penicillin, ampicillin, linkomycin. Conclusion. Ceftriaxone may be the antibiotic of choice in children with severe infected AD. Oxacillin and cefuroxime should be recommended as an alternative choice.
The analysis of efficiency of international recommendations introduction on the treatment of a bronchial asthma on an outpatient basis
Authors: Petukhova A Yu , Bel'tyukov E K , Petukhova A U , Beltyukov E K
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the research: to study the clinic-economical efficiency of the program of observation the patients with a bronchial asthma (POPB) in the district polyclinic of the Central City Hospital №6 in Yekaterinburg. Materials and methods. The research was carried out in 2004-2005. The direct cost for the bronchial asthma (BA) treatment during a year before and a year after the POPB introduction was analyzed. The group under study (n=70; women - 41, men - 29, mean age - 52,6 year.) was formed by random selection of 164 asthmatics who were registered in 2005.
Results. The costs on dispensary drug therapy (43%) and hospital treatment (31%) have prevailed among the direct costs before the POPB introduction. The treatment of severe BA needed the maximum costs (1, 070 $ for one asthmatic in a year), the treatment of mild intermittent bronchial asthma needed minimal costs (37 $ for one asthmatic in a year). The costs of dispensary drug therapy increased to 72% and the costs of hospital treatment decreased 7% after a year of the POPB introduction. The decrease of the costs of mild intermittent bronchial asthma treatment (2.3 times) was observed comparing the severe ВА (1,2 times).
Conclusions. The direct costs of the BA treatment were 462$ for one asthmatic in a year. The POPB introduction brought to the reduction of direct costs 1,4 times (334$ for one asthmatics in a year) at the expense of the decrease the costs of hospitalization (6,5 times) and calls the emergency service (5.7 times). The denominated decrease of costs for mild intermittent bronchial asthma, by comparison the severe BA, was noted.
SIDE-EFFECTS AND PATIENTS COMPLIANCE OF SUBCUTANEOUS ALLERGEN-SPECIFIC IMMUNOTHERAPY WITH BIRCHPOLLEN EXTRACT ABSORBED ON CALCIUM PHOSPHAT
Authors: Shakhova N V , Gordeev V V , Bishevskaya N K , Ardatova T S , Tokarev V P , Kharchenko S S
Published: July 2021

Subcutaneous allergenspecific immunotherapy weakens the symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and bronchial asthma. However, there exists the risk of local reactions emergence, as well as the threat of the dangerous anaphylactic reactions. Background. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the frequency and severity of the side-effects and to assess the patients’ compliance with subcutaneous allergenspecific immunotherapy, which uses the tree pollen allergen absorbed onto the calcium phosphate suspension. Methods. The study included 21 children at the age from 5 to 17 with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with the sensibilization to the allergens of the tree pollen (birch, alder, hazel). The patients had been receiving the treatment with the tree pollen allergen absorbed onto the calcium phosphates suspension for 2 years. All cases of systemic and local side-effects, which appeared during the study, have been analised. Results. In 86% of cases (18 out of 21 patients) local reactions were found. During the study, the total number of injections was 740 with 169 cases of local reactions, which constitutes 22,6% of all injections. In 14,3 percent of cases only slight reactions have appeared. However, 8,3% of injections resulted in pronounced reactions. No systemic reactions were observed; neither of patients has refused to get treatment due to the side-effects. Conclusion. The results of the study have shown the high level of compliance and safety of the subcutaneous allergenspecific immunotherapy, which is based on the use of the tree pollen allergen absorbed onto the calcium phosphate suspension.
Pathogenetic substantiation of an integrated approach to topical therapy of atopic dermatitis
Authors: Fedenko E S , Filimonova T M , Elisyutina O G , Shtyrbul O V , Niyazov D D
Published: July 2021

The article contains a description of the various groups of drugs for topical treatment of atopic dermatitis with an assessment of their effectiveness, as well as the influence on the mechanisms of the immune response.
Allergic diseases of the upper respiratory airways in children
Authors: Revyakina V A , Mashukova N G
Published: July 2021

In this article main aspects concerning diagnostics, immunological mechanisms of the development and therapy of allergic diseases of the upper respiratory airways in children are reflected.
Multiple faces of bronchial asthma - phenotypes and clinical pathogenetic variants
Authors: Fedoseev G B , Trofimov V I , Shailieva L O , Eliseeva M V , Kriakunov K N
Published: July 2021

The article discusses heterogeneity of bronchial asthma from points of view of etiology, pathogenesis, clinical peculiarities and treatment approaches. The multiple faces of the disease are represented by different cellular phenotypes and clinical pathogenetic variants. The article gives arguments for use of clinical pathogenetic variants in evaluation of the inflammation type and choice of personalized treatment. To evaluate cellular phenotypes and clinical pathogenetic variants complex investigations are to be performed in bronchial asthma patients.
EFFECT OF MULTILEVEL AIR CLEANING FOR PATIENTS WITH SEASONAL ALLERGIC RHINITIS AND ASTHMA
Authors: Averyanov A V , Elisyutma O G , Fedenko E S , Sokurenko S I , Borisova T V , Ilina N I
Published: July 2021

A randomized placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effectiveness of the air cleaning technology with device IQAir HealthPro Series Model 250 (Switzerland) for comprehensive treatment of patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma was carried out. The significant reduction in the number of pollen grains in the air space and the clinical improvement was demonstrated, but no effect on lung function, blood and nasal mucus eosinophilia was revealed.
TOPICAL TREATMENT OF ATOPIC DERMATITIS COMPLICATED WITH MICROBIAL INFECTION IN CHILDREN
Authors: Revyakina V A
Published: July 2021

The role of microbial flora and topical treatment in atopic dermatitis in children is discussed.
Pneumococcal infection in children of early age from risk groups: preventive maintenance possibilities
Authors: Salkina O A , Snegova N F , Ilina N I , Tchernousov A D , Kostinov M P
Published: July 2021

The Article is devoted to an actual problem of modern public Healthcare — Pneumococcal infections and possibilities of their prophylaxis. Background. To develope the effective and safe specific prevention method of pneumococcal disease in children of risk groups with the use of conjugated and polysaccharide-based vaccines. Materials and methods. 285 children of both genders aged from 6 months to 5 years old with various deviations in health status and risk factors of development of invasive pneumococcal disease were included in the study. Children from the main group (n=218) were immunized by the seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7), part of children (n=31) were primary vaccinated by PCV7 later and received a boost dose of polysaccharide vaccine (PPV-23), children in the control group (n=36) were once immunized by PPV-23. Safety, clinical and immunological effectiveness of various schemes of vaccination were evaluated. Results. Frequency of adverse events to the introduction of PCV7 such as fever were up to 6.4%, local reactions — 4,6%. The majority of children (87—89%), immunized with PCV7 had elevated level of specific antibodies in more than 3 times compairing to the control group. In children vaccinated with PCV7, the number of pneumonia cases decreased to 6.8 times, acute average otitis — to 3,5 times, ARD — to 1,3 times.
The interferon preparations in complex therapy of secondary immune insufficiency and respiratory infections at children and adults. Pros and cons
Authors: Luss L V
Published: July 2021

Recently, new comprehensive approaches are used in clinical practice for the treatment and prevention of various diseases leading to clinical signs of secondary immune insufficiency. Nonspecific method of regulation of immune reactions is one of them and is called immunomodulating therapy. In this article the look of the allergist on expediency of application of interferon preparations with immunotrophic effect is presented.
FEATURES OF THE CYTOKINE PROFILE IN INFANTS WITH MULTIPLE FOOD PROTEIN INTOLERANCE
Authors: Varlamov E E , Vinogradova T V , Chuslyaeva A A , Pampura A N
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Types of the course of allergic diseases may be related to cytokine profile. Determination of the spectrum of cytokines to evaluate the mechanisms of allergic inflammatory process that improves the efficiency of management of patients with allergic diseases was performed. Background. To establish the features of cytokine profile in children with multiple food protein intolerance. Methods. 39 children with atopic dermatitis and food allergy were included in the openlabel study, 18 of whom had multiple food protein intolerance. All patients were examined with enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) to determine the concentration of IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-17, IL-22, eotaxin, eotaxin2, TGF-β. Results. In children with multiple food protein intolerance the concentration of TGF-β was increased in comparison with the group of children without multiple food intolerances Me 14,04 [11,3; 18,0] against 10,3 [4,8; 12, 8] pg/ml, respectively, p = 0,038. The level of other cytokines had no difference. Conclusion. Increased concentration of TGF-β in patients with multiple food protein intolerance may be an additional indication for the amino acid formulas.
Assessment of Rosaceae sensitisation diagnostics in allergic children
Authors: Pampura A N , Konjukova N G , Fedenko E S , Havkin A I , Okuneva T S
Published: July 2021

Background. Sensitization to the fruits of the family Rosaceae is widespread in children population, but its diagnostics is often difficult. Methods. The study included 190 children with suspected allergy to the fruit family of Rosaceae. Results. The presence of sensitization was found in 148 patients. Qualitatively, the results of in vitro and in vivo tests with allergens differed approximately one third of cases. Among children with sensitization to the fruits of a family Rosaceae specific IgE to rBet v 1 was identified approximately in 3/4, rPru p 3 — in 2/3, rBet v 2 — in 1/5 of patients. Conclusion. The results indicate a high informative determination of specific IgE (ImmunoCap, Phadia AB) to the fruits of Rosaceae (apple, pear, peach) and a recombinant allergens (rBet v 1, rBet v 2, rPru p 3).
ALLERGY AND SPORTS
Authors: Uyba V V , Khaitov R M , Il'ina N I , Luss Lyudmila Vasil'evna , Martynov A I , Ujba V V , Khaitov R M , Ilina N I , Luss L V , Martynov A I
Published: July 2021

In this review there are modern data concerning the prevalence of allergic diseases among athletes of the highest
achievements, their influence on health and level of athletic achievements.
Features ofpollen in region of chemical factor influence
Authors: Martynov A I , Il'ina N I , Luss Lyudmila Vasil'evna , Martynov A A , Fedoskova T G , Andreev I V , Martinov A I , Ilyina N I , Luss L V , Martinov A A , Fedoskova T G , Andreev I V , Martinov A I , Ilyina N I , Luss L V , Martinov A A , Fedoskova T G , Andreev I V
Published: July 2021

Background. To study features of cereal grasses pollen collected in region were the enterprise that is in charge
of destruction of the chemical weapons is placed - Gorniy, Saratov region.
Materials and methods. Object of the research was pollen of cereal grasses collected in regions, differed by the
ecological characteristics: object for destruction of chemical weapon of Gorniy of the Saratov region (investigated
region), Privolzhsky area of the Ivanovo area (ecologically favorable region) and near to а motorway, Istrinsky
area of Moscow Region (ecologically unfavorable region). Definition of the maintenance of heavy metals in pollen
of grasses was carried out by the method of invertion voltamperometry, by percentage of sprouted pollen grains
and the morphological characteristics of pollen grains by microscopy.
Results. In samples of pollen collected within object for destruction of the chemical weapon of Gorniy, the
maintenance of lead, mercury, zinc and cadmium, in comparison with non-polluting area, and with average
values across the Russian Federation, thus lead almost ten times above, in comparison with average values of
the maintenance in plants across the Russian Federation is authentically increased. The morphological changes
of pollen more expressed in ecologically adverse region are revealed: the quantity of abortive pollen grains
near to а motorway was above more than ten times, and, within the enterprise for the object for destruction of
the chemical weapon of Gorniy, almost in 3 times, in comparison with non-polluting region. It is established
that along with heavy metals (lead and zinc) which are а part of the list of the harmful substances containing
in emissions in atmosphere of the enterprise for the object for destruction of the chemical weapon of Gorniy,
the increasing of mercury and cadmium levels which are absent in а production cycle is revealed and can t be
connected with enterprise functioning. Possibly other sources of pollution render.on the mercury and cadmium
maintenance .
Conclusion. Thus, in experiments it has been shown that pollen of plants possesses considerable sorbtion capacity
for the heavy render metals which are а part of harmful production factors which change bioindicator properties
of plant pollen and could form hypersensitivity.
Effect of t reat ment of parasite s a nd inte stinaldisbiosis in t he c ourse of a sthma
Authors: Yakovleva V K , Fedoseev Gleb Borisovich , Eliseeva M V , Trofimov V I , Yakovleva V K , Fedoseev G B , Eliseeva M V , Trofimov V I
Published: July 2021

Background. The results of observation of patients with bronchial asthma (ВА), parasitic invasion and
intestine disbacteriosis before and after treatment have been described in the article.
Methods. The basic group (ВА(+)) included 46 patients with ВА, parasitic invasion, disbacteriosis of
intestine or their combination. The control group included 18 patients without disbacteriosis and
parasitic invasion. The following examination was done: PS was assessed by ACTtest (asthma Control
Test), respiratory function (RF ), helminthoovoscopy of faeces, P CR of faeces for lamblia Giardia, bacteriologic
examination of faeces.
Results. Complex treatment resulted in improvement of B A symptoms, decreased number of B A relapses
and decreased number of hospitalization.
Also the increasing of F EF 25 and F EF 50 was evaluated. S ame tendency was not traced in B A group and
in patients with isolated lambliosis.
Conclusion. Treatment of helminthiasis and intestine disbacteriosis improves the overall bronchial
asthma treatment outcome.
ALGORITHM OF ASSESSMENT OF ASTHMA CONTROL
Authors: Nazarova E V , Kurbacheva Oksana Mikhaylovna , Il'ina N I , Nazarova E V , Kurbacheva O M , Ilina N I
Published: July 2021

Background. To study informativeness, clinical significance and relationship between objective and subjective methods of assessing asthma control and creation an optimal algorithm. Methods. The study involved 40 patients of both sex, aged from 18 to 75 years old suffering from persistent, moderate and severe asthma , having no control. Results. All patients were assessed asthma control using methods based on subjective data (medical history, filling the questionnaires: the ACT and AQLQ; survey on the presence of comorbidity) and objective methods of examination (auscultation, PEV, spirometry, ECP in blood, content of eosinophils in induced sputum and peripheral blood). All patients were assigned to anti-asthma therapy combination therapy (ICS+LABA). The main reasons for lack of asthma control is the inadequacy of basic therapy and concomitant diseases. Symptoms and normalization of ERF occur much earlier (on day 30 of therapy) than the relief of bronchial inflammation. Adequate methods to assess asthma control are objective methods, subjective can only be used as an extra. Conclusion. The analysis of the causes of asthma control in each individual case, increased medical supervision over appointments and continuous monitoring by means of subjective and objective ways of assessing control, avoid excessive use of pharmaceutical loads, to minimize the side effects of treatment, faster to achieve better results by optimizing costs treatment.
NEUTROPHILS AND RESPIRATORY TRACT BACTERIAL INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AND COPD
Authors: Fedoseev Gleb Borisovich , Trofimov B I , Rogacheva N N , Razumovskaya T S , Fedoseev G B , Trofimov V I , Rogacheva N N , Razumovskaya N S
Published: July 2021

The article concerns the role of respiratory tract bacterial infections in development of bronchial asthma and COPD. Analysis is based on current publications and results of clinical investigations. Ability of neutrophils to protect the respiratory system from bacterial agents is underlined. The results obtained during investigation of 132 bronchial asthma and 33 COPD patients showed that in allergic asthma patients high percentage of sputum neutrophils is associated with normal FEV1% and mild course of the disease. In COPD patients high percentage of sputum neutrophils is usually associated with low FEV1%. It is proposed, that in these patients functional activity of neutrophils is associated with predominant injury of respiratory structures.