bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Smokeless Tobacco Product, Afzal, on the Reproductive Hormones and Gonadal Pathology of Wistar Rats
Authors: Al-Mukhaini Nawal , Ba Omar Taher , Eltayeb Elsadig , Al-Shehi Aisha Al Khayat , Al-Belushi Jamila , Al-Riyami Nafila , Cipriano Romulo , Al-Adawi Kawther
Published: June 2020

Afzal is a common smokeless tobacco product (STP) in Oman, and it is believed to contain toxins that may affect the reproductive hormones and hence reproductive function. This study assessed the effect of  Afzal  on the gonads of Wistar rats.  In order to assess gonad toxicity induced by this STP, an aqueous extract of Afzal was added to drinking water to be administrated orally to Wistar albino rats (n = 72) classified as young (4 weeks old) and adult (20 weeks old) of both genders weighing between 60-80 g and 150-240 g respectively for 8 weeks. The rats were divided into 3 groups; control (received distilled water instead of Afzal extract), low-dose (received 3 mg nicotine/kg body weight/day) and high-dose (received 6 mg nicotine/kg body weight/day). At the termination of the study, the rats were euthanized and their blood samples and ovaries were collected for biochemical and histopathological investigations. Testosterone and estradiol hormones showed a significant decrease (P<0.05( in Afzal-treated groups (low and high doses) compared with the control. Histopathological findings revealed the damaging effects manifested as a reduction in the number of the germ cells with deformed organization and in fatty and fibrous degenerations in testes and ovaries. Afzal was found to have adverse effect on the reproductive hormones and gonadal pathology in Wistar rats of both genders, and hence users of Afzal need to consider the risk associated with its frequent use.
Nutrient Content, in Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics and Antimethanogenic Potential of Three Algerian Asteraceae Species
Authors: Amokrane Serine , Arhab Rabah , Calabro Serina , Tudisco Raffaella , Infascelli Federico , Aggoun Moufida
Published: June 2020

The in vitro rumen fermentation parameters and the antimethanogenic potential of three Asteraceae species: Chamaemelum nobile, Centaurea pulata and Chrysanthemum segetum were determined. Serum bottles containing 200 mg of each plant and 30 ml of the culture medium (artificial saliva plus rumen juice) were incubated for 24 h. After incubation, pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), ammonia (NH3) and methane (CH4) productions were recorded. Methanogens and protozoa were quantified using  a Real Time PCR technique (qPCR). Cumulative gas productions, in vitro organic matter digestibility and VFA were not significantly affected by the added species when compared to the control (P > 0.05). The effects of Chamaemelum nobile and Chrysanthemum segetum on methane production, NH3 and acetate to propionate ratio (C2:C3) were similar. The two species were able to modulate rumen fermentation to produce significantly lower CH4 concentrations (-24.3% and -27.1%, respectively) compared to the control. C.pulata produced the highest cumulative gas and stimulated the microbial metabolism with an increase in C2:C3 ratio, NH3 and methane production (P < 0.05). No significant effect of the three species on methanogenic Archaea and protozoa was registered (P > 0.05). The three species studied herein show a good potential for mitigating ruminal methane production without any undesirable effects on the main fermentation parameters.
Distribution of Nutrient Salts and Chlorophyll-a in Surface Water along the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea Coast, Yemen
Authors: A. Al-Akhaly Ibrahim , A. Al-Shwafi Nabil , A. Al-Kabsh Shehab
Published: June 2020

The distribution of inorganic nutrient salts (ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate) and phytoplankton chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were investigated in the Gulf of Aden and along the Arabian Sea coast, Yemen. Seventy two surface water samples were collected during cruises in August 2014 and January 2015. The sampled area extends from As Suqayyah in the west of the Gulf of Aden to Hawf in the east. The study showed that the average values of nutrient salts (μg/l) in waters collected in August 2014 and January 2015 were 0.83 and 0.60, 10.98 and 10.03, 16.41 and 14.73, 10.36 and 8.76, and 29.72 and 22.67 for ammonium, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicate, respectively. The average values of Chl-a (mg/m3) in August 2014 and January 2015 were 0.26 and 0.21, respectively. The results showed that nitrate levels were very high but those of ammonium very low. This may reflect the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and then nitrate, leading to a very favorable ratio of ammonia and nitrate values. The low levels of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN)compounds, (ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate), phosphate, silicate and Chl-a indicated that the southern coast of Yemen is not in a eutrophic condition. The highest nutrient salt values were in the eastern part of the study area, and may have resulted from water originating from the Indian Ocean and upwelling. Statistical analysis to seek correlations between nutrient salts and Chl-a show very good to excellent correlation, which may be due toconstant coastal environment.
Mössbauer Study of Weathered H-meteorite from the Desert of Oman
Authors: D. Al-Rawas Ahmed , M. Gismelseed Abbasher , Nasir Subhi , A. Yousif Ali , E. Elzain Mohamed , Widatallah Hisham , Al-Kathiri Ali , Al-Riyami Susan
Published: June 2020

A number of meteorites from the desert of Oman, classified as H-chondrites, with known and unknown ages, were studied by using 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy to determine their Fe3+-bearing compositions. Mössbauer spectra measured at 78 K were composed of paramagnetic doublets superimposed on magnetic sextets. The doublets are assigned to the silicate minerals olivine and pyroxene and Fe3+ phases. The magnetic sextets in most samples showed the presence of at least three magnetic phases, namely troilite, magnetite and kamacite, which commonly exist in most ordinary chondrites. The relative amounts (area %) of Fe3+ in the known-age meteorites, determined from the Mössbauer spectra, were plotted against their terrestrial ages. The plot was used to estimate the terrestrial ages of meteorites with unknown terrestrial age.
Behavior of Small Variable Mass Particle in Electromagnetic Copenhagen Problem
Authors: A. Ansari Abdullah
Published: June 2020

The paper presents the behavior of the motion properties of the variable mass test particle (third body), moving under the influence of the two equal primaries having electromagnetic dipoles. These primaries move  on the same circular path around their common center of mass in the same plane. We have determined the equations of motion of the test particle whose mass varies according to Jean's law. Using the system of equations of motion we have evaluated the locations of equilibrium points, their movements and basins of the attracting domain. Finally, we examine the stability of these equilibrium points, all of which are unstable.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PHYSICAL PROPERTIES USING VARIOUS GRADES ASPHALT BINDER WITH DIFFERENT TYPE OF FIBERS
Authors: Tayh Sady A. , Yousif Rana A. , Banyhussan Qais S.
Published: June 2020

For a long time, bitumen has been utilized as the essential material for asphalt pavement construction. The factors of increasing axle loads, increasing traffic movement, critical climate conditions and many forms failures in construction have steered many researchers to seek some methods to enhance the asphalt binder properties. Even though various types of modifiers have been utilized in strengthening asphalt concrete, fibers have attracted the most attention due to their high and desirable characteristics. It is realized that the good distribution of the modifier in asphalt binder can generate a strong network in the interior structure of the blend, causing bitumen mastic to be more coherent. In this study, a laboratory investigation of the rheological and physical properties of various grades of bitumen modified by two types of fibers was conducted. Three grades of asphalt were used in this study (60-70 penetration grade, 80-100 penetration grade and PG-76 grade) with two types of fibers with different percentages- Cellulose oil palm fiber (COPF) (0.15, 0.3, 0.45, 0.6, and 0.75%) by weight of asphalt and carbon fiber (0.75, 1.25, 1.75, 2.25, and 2.75%) by weight of asphalt. The results showed enhancement in physical performance of the modified bitumen in terms of the decrease in penetration values, as well as a rise in the softening point and viscosity values. The fibers’ modified asphalt binders showed improved rheological properties and can raise the grade of asphalt depending on the base asphalt type.
Probing the Effect of Gaseous Hydrocarbon Precursors on the Adsorptive Efficiency of Synthesized Carbon-based Nanomaterials
Authors: Alayan Haiyam , Aljumaily Mustafa Mohammed , Alsaadi Mohammed Abdulhakim , Hashim Mohd Ali
Published: June 2020

The present work investigates the effect of the type of carbon precursor on the adsorptive proficiency of as-prepared carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) for the removal of methylene blue dye (MB) from aqueous media. A comparison study was applied to assess the growth of CNMs from the decomposition of methane (CNMY1) and acetylene (CNMY2) using response surface methodology with central composite design (RSM/CCD). The produced nanomaterials were characterized using FESEM, EDX, TEM, BET surface area, Raman, TGA, FTIR, and zeta potential. The as-prepared adsorbent displayed different morphologies and under the experimental conditions, 10 mg of CNMY1 and CNMY2 was responsible for 97.7 % and 96.80% removal of dye. The maximum adsorptive uptake predicted by Langmuir isotherm was about 250 and 174 mg/g for CNMY1 and CNMY2, respectively. The as-synthesized carbon nanomaterial in this study could be explored as a great potential candidate for dye-bearing wastewater treatment.
Evaluation of 210Pb levels in the estuarine region of an industrial complex
Authors: Cunha Ana Luiza Xavier , Carneiro Paula Frassinetti Pereira , Cunha Filho Moacyr , Antônio Filho João , Araújo Filho Renisson Neponuceno de , Piscoya Victor Casimiro , Moreira Guilherme Rocha , Holanda Romildo Morant de , Freitas Jucarlos Rufino de , Lima Dayane de Souza , Marinho Junior Josue Luiz , Pimentel Rejane Magalhães de Mendonça , Silva Eduardo José de Souza , Dias João Lucas Aires
Published: June 2020

Currently, the increase in the environmental radioactivity levels was due to anthropic activities, such as the oil industries that produce around 2.5x104 to 2.25x105 tons of contaminated materials per year. Thus, the study aimed to determine the 210Pb concentrations in the estuarine region of the SUAPE industrial complex in the state of Pernambuco. The 210Pb concentrations were determined in soil, sediment, fish, and leaf samples, using ion exchange and gamma spectrometry methods. 210Pb concentrations in soils, sediments, fish, and mangrove leaves ranged from less than LD (Detection Limit) to 992.35 Bq.kg-1. The results showed that the area related to the preoperational situation found values above those estimated for regions considered natural, presenting anthropogenic interference.
Features of disturbances of microcirculation and intercellular interactions in local cold injury
Authors: Mikhailichenko M. I. , Shapovalov K. G. , Mudrov V. A. , Figurski S. A. , Mikhailichenko S. I.
Published: June 2020

Theaimof the work is to evaluate microcirculation, innervation and intercellular interactions depending on the severity and timing of cold tissue lesions.Materials and methods. 50 patients with III–IV degree of lower extremities local cold injury, as well as their blood were explored. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the period of clinical course: 5 and 30 days of cold injury. At the same time, the patients were divided into 3 groups according to the level of the lesion. The 1 group patients had only fingers frostbitten. Group 2 – patients had lesion boundary extended to the metatarsals and metatarsals. Patients with cold trauma of the proximal segments of the lower extremities belonged to group 3, had the damage level limited by the lower third of the low leg in the most cases. Studies in these groups were carried out on the 5th day after the injury. The phenomenon of lymphocytic-platelet rosette formation and the amplitude of M-response were evaluated.Results. In patients with frostbite, the increased adhesive ability of blood platelets to lymphocytes, was significantly decreased by 30 days. By the day 5, the number of lymphocyte-platelet rosettes increased 2.2 times, and the degree of adhesion 1.7 times. By the day 5 of the injury, the value of the M-response was reduced by 1.7, and the detected changes were preserved for day 30. In patients with fingers frostbitten, the percentage of LTA increased by 1.3 times, and the degree of adhesion by 1.5 times. Registered ENMG potentials decreased by 1.7 times. In group 2, the ability of platelets to adhere to lymphocytes increased by 1.6 times, and the average number of plates participated in rosette formation increased by 2.1. The registered ENMG potentials decreased by 2.5 times. In patients with the maximum level of cold tissue damage, the adhesive ability of lymphocytes and platelets increased by 3 times, and the degree of adhesion increased by 3.5 times, the amplitude of the M-response decreased by 2.6 times.Conclusions. The patients with local cold injury have been demonstrated the increasing of the platelets ability to adhesion to lymphocytes. The increasing of the number and degree of LTA was proportional to the level of tissues damaged by cold. Also, patients with frostbite had a sharp decreasing of in the amplitude of the M-response (motor response), which was getting worse with the increasing of severity of tissue damage. In the case of local cold injury, the maximum activity deviations in the activity of lymphocytic-lamellar interactions and the m-response amplitude of the electroneuromyography were recorded in the early period of cold injury, with a tendency to restore the wound process on the 30th day.
Semiotics of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in magnetic resonance Imaging
Authors: Obramenko I. E.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. About 0.2 % of the adult population all over the world suffers from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Early and timely diagnosis of the apical form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy remains an urgent medical problem, since the disease has a wide variability of clinical manifestations and often occurs asymptomatic or with symptoms of other heart diseases. Magnetic resonance imaging is an informative method of radiation diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The aim is improving of radiology diagnostics in applying to the apical form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Materials and methods. 98 patients with apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy aged 19 to 76 years were еxamined. There were 48 men and 50 women. All subjects were examined by a cardiologist, all patients underwent electrocardiography and echocardiography, 45 patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart. Results. In our study 13 patients had MRI determined the isolated form of apical form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 32 had combined one. 42.2% of the patients with symmetrical hypertrophy of all apical segments had sawtoothed configuration of the LV revealed by MRI. The symptom of left ventricular cavity obliteration was determined in 19 patients. The symptom of LV cavity sequestration was determined in 5 subjects. 5 patients had an aneurysm on the top of the left ventricle, 1 – on the top of the right ventricle. Signs of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction were visualized in 2 patients, intraventricular obstruction at the level of the middle segments of the left ventricle was determined in 5 cases. Akinesis and hypokinesis were detected in areas of fibrous changes (n=21) or in areas of cardiosclerosis (n=2). In 17.8 % of subjects identified non-compacted myocardium, in 3 cases it was combined with apical form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. With contrast enhancement in 29 patients, foci (n=22) or zones (n=7) of pathological accumulation of contrast agent were determined, which indicated the replacement of myocardium with fibrous tissue.
Clinical case study: combined surgical treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation
Authors: Krylov V. V.
Published: June 2020

Relevance.An active study of ischemic mitral regurgitation and a modern aggressive approach to its surgical treatment in combination with continuous improvement of plastic valve-retaining methods make the surgical treatment of ischemic mitral regurgitation the most promising, however, the choice of optimal surgical tactics for this pathology continues to be discussed.Objective. The clinical case of combined surgical treatment of severe ischemic mitral regurgitation (plication of the anterolateral commissure by pulling the prolapsing segment of AML (А1), suturing and reimplantation of the ruptured marginal chordae and annuloplasty with the rigid complete annuloplasty ring), formed on the background of progressive ischemic heart disease after myocardial infarction, in combination with CABG (autovenous coronary artery bypass grafting of right coronary artery, posterolateral branch and obtuse marginal branch and mammary coronary artery bypass grafting of diagonal branch).Conclusion. The presence of a «classic» dilatation of the fibrous ring of the mitral valve and an ischemic damage of the leaflets and subvalvular structures (tearing of the chords with impaired coaptation of the leaflets, malfunctioning of the papillary muscles) requires plastic correction of these defects in addition to «classic» annuloplasty of the fibrous ring of the mitral valve, which results to the absence of residual and recurrent mitral regurgitation in the immediate postoperative period.
The study of systemic hemodynamic disorders of patients with varicose and post-thrombotic diseases
Authors: Shanaev I. N.
Published: June 2020

Aim. Study of heart function in the patients with CVD. Materials and methods. 46 patients with varicosity (VD) and 34 patients with post-thrombotic disease (PTD) were examined; the control group was represented by 15 healthy volunteers. The diagnosis was established using the CEAP basic classification. The study did not include patients with a diagnosed arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic lung disease, significant hemodynamic heart defects, coronary heart disease. Ultrasound examination of the heart and veins of the lower extremities was performed on a Saote My Lab Alpha, Acuson Sequoia 512 apparatus. In addition to the standard protocol of heart ultrasound examination, the parameters of the right heart were calculated: sizes of the right ventricle (RV), right atrium, thickness of the anterior wall of the pancreas; to assess the ejection fraction (EF) of the pancreas the mobility of the lateral edge of the tricuspid ring was calculated, and the pressure on the tricuspid valve (TV) was measured. Diastolic ventricular function was studied by spectrograms of tricuspid and mitral blood flow. Results. Most of the indicators of cardiac activity in patients with VD were within normal limits, but a tendency to increase increasing of the right heart size was noted. In addition, the thickness of the interventricular septum and the right ventricle (RV) anterior wall was found to increase from 0.8 to 1.1 cm and from 0.3 to 0.5 cm, respectively, according clinical classes from C2 to C6 (CEAP). Eject fraction (EF) of both the RV and the left ventricle (LV) were also within normal limits, but with a tendency to decrease (67.8 % – C2, to 62 % – C6). The growth of the clinical class is followed by the increasing of percentage of non-restrictive blood flow through the tricuspid valve (TV). The restrictive type of blood flow in patients with VD had not been identified. Patients with PTD also showed a tendency to increase the right heart. However, whereas the size of the RV, as a rule, did not exceed 3.0 cm, the size of the right atrium was slightly higher than normal one in the clinical class C4 and C5.6. All the patients had EF of LV within normal limits, but it slightly decreased by the growth of class. Only patient classes C3 and C4 had EF of RV within the normal range. The 18 % of patient class C5.6 had EF lower than normal with value 48%. Diastolic dysfunction (DD) of the RV was detected in 73.3% of patients with class C3 and 100% with classes C4 and C5.6. Moreover, a restrictive type of blood flow through TV appeared from class C4 and the percentage increased up to 27.2% (class C5,6). Conclusions. DD of the RV was the main hemodynamic disorder.
Diagnostic possibilities of thermal vision study of trophic ulcers
Authors: Yarovenko G. V.
Published: June 2020

Chronic venous insufficiency is often accompanied by trophic changes in soft tissues. The treatment of such patients is long and often, ineffective. Relapse of a trophic ulcer is about 30% and leads to deterioration of life quality and dissatisfaction with conservative and even surgical treatment. Goal. Objectification of changes in the microvasculature and compensatory the possibilities of collateral circulation in the lower extremities with complicated forms of chronic venous insufficiency. Materials and methods. The studies were carried out on the Linsor installation characterizing the biological tissue by the change of scattered light intensity and on the thermal imager making possible to determine the temperature of a point with an accuracy of 0,001 degrees, followed by software image processing. The examination was performed 3-4 times in the dynamics of the treatment process and before the patient discharge, from a standard distance of 1,5 meters. The soft tissues in 23 patients with chronic venous insufficiency of the lower extremities and the presence of open trophic ulcers was studied. There were 21 women, 2 men, the average age was 45,2±3,6 years. The area of the ulcer defect varied from 5,7 cm² to 15,3 cm². Patients with extensive trophic ulcers (circular) were excluded from the examination, because of absence of ulcer defect epithelization during the period of hospitalization and its visualization by the thermographic method. Results. As a result of the study, we obtained a reduced intensity of infrared radiation of the ulcer surface in all patients. To clearly isolate ulcerative defect from the surrounding tissues, we set the temperature range 35,0–37,5 °C and recalculated the resulting area in cm² (conversion factor 22,73). We studied the microcirculatory changes occurring in the trophic ulcer and surrounding tissues, confirming the need to continue conservative treatment after complete ulcer defect epithelization for at least 7 days, and only after that period the normalized level of infrared radiation was detected and subsequently relapsed trophic ulcers did not occur for a long time. Conclusion. Based on the obtained data, we confirmed the thermal imaging method sensitivity is suitable for assess of microcirculation in the trophic ulcer area; the method provides the possibility to apply it for the dynamics of conservative treatment in patients with complicated forms of chronic venous insufficiency.
The state of the capillary bed in children with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract according to computer capillaroscopy of the nail bed
Authors: Mizernitskiy Yu. L. , Melnikova I. M. , Udaltsova E. V.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. The actuality of children allergic respiratory diseases problem is due to the steady increase oftheir occurrence all over the world. Computerized capillaroscopy (ССS) of the nail bed is a non-invasive and highly informative method for assessing the structural and functional parameters of capillaries in real time and physiological conditions, and so it is effectively applied in pediatric practice. However, studies in this promising direction are rare. Aim. Was to determine the microcirculation peculiarities in children suffering from respiratory allergic diseases with prolonged cough, using the method of computerized capillaroscopy of the nail bed. Materials and methods. 238 children aged from 2 to 17 years with acute and chronic respiratory diseases, accompanied by prolonged (more than 4 weeks) cough, were examined and divided into 4 groups (Gr): Gr1 (n=68) – patients with acute or exacerbation of the chronic upper respiratory tract diseases of the infectious genesis; Gr2 (n=53) – patients with lower respiratory tract infection; Gr3 (n=39) – patients with allergic rhinitis; Gr4 (n=78) – patients with bronchial asthma (BA). All patients underwent history, examination and ССS of the nail bed. Results. Patients with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract, especially with BA, were found to have structural and functional disorders of the capillary bed and a pronounced increase in the length of the perivascular zone indicating an increase in the hydration degree of the interstitial space due to chronic allergic inflammation, in contrast to children with respiratory tract infection getting changed microcirculation parameters mainly in the venous part of capillaries. Conclusion. CСS of the nail bed is a highly informative method to identify functional features of the capillaries in allergic and infectious pathologies of the respiratory system, which can be successfully used as additional criteria for their differential diagnosis.
Effect of ischemic postconditioining on reaction of neocortex microglia after global brain ischemia in rats
Authors: Shcherbak N. S. , Yukina G. Yu. , Sukhorukova E. G. , Thomson V. V.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Ischemic postconditioning (IPostC) is a new concept in the brain protection strategy. Almost all researches in this area focus on the functioning and survival of neurons, while non-neuronal cells affected by IPostC remain unexplored.The aimis to study the IPostC effect on changes in microglia in the neocortex of Wistar rats after global brain ischemia during various periods of reperfusion.Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats were used as a model of a 10-minute global brain ischemia with a subsequent IPostC; the reperfusion-ischemia cycle was 15 s/15 s. In the early (2 days) and late (7 days) reperfusion periods, the number of morphologically unchanged neurons and Iba-1-positive nucleated microglyocytes in the occipital cortex was estimated.Results. It has been shown that global brain ischemia in rats leads to 25.9% (P<0.05) neuron death and an increase of 30.9% (P<0.05) in the number of Iba-1-positive microglia cells by the 2nd day of the reperfusion period in the occipital neocortex; by the 7th day of reperfusion, there was observed a neuron death significant increasing by 34.5% (P<0.05) and the number of Iba-1-positive microglia cells increasing of 65.2% (P<0.05) compared to similar indicators in sham-operated groups. The IPostC by 2 days of reperfusion was found to increase the number of unchanged neurons in the occipital region of the cerebral cortex by 18.3% (P<0.05), which is not accompanied by a significant change in the number of Iba-1-positive microglial cells; by 7 days of reperfusion the increase number of unchanged neurons was found to be 23.5% (P<0.05) in the analysed brain region , which is accompanied by a decrease in the number of Iba-1-positive microgliosis by 32.5% (P<0.05) comparing with similar indicators in groups without IPostC.Conlusions. The results of this work suggest that the cytoprotective effect of IPostC for neurons of the occipital neocortex of Wistar rats in the long-term reperfusion period is caused by blocking the infiltration of the ischemic brain region by both resident and recruited cells of the immune system.
The pharmacology of antihypertensive medicines
Authors: Tsyrlin V. A.
Published: June 2020

The lecture presents contemporary view on the human cardiovascular system organization. The mechanisms determining the systemic blood pressure level are shown; the factors regulating minute volume of blood circulation and peripheral resistance to blood flow are described. The mechanisms of neurogenic and basal vascular tone are noted, the role of humoral and endothelial regulation mechanisms of the artery lumen s is indicated. Based on the recent evidences of the circulatory system functioning, we gave a description of the main medicinal compounds used in clinical practice to decrease blood pressure. The pharmacological drugs decreasing neurogenic vascular tone and inhibiting basal vascular tone are indicated. The data of drug action, its pharmacodynamics and basic principles of combined use for the rational treatment of hypertension are presented. The lecture may be interesting to physiologists, pharmacologists, cardiologists, therapists, medical students and clinical residents.
Pemberdayaan Siswa SMA di Kota Pariaman Melalui Aksi Promotif Kefarmasian (Apotek-R) sebagai Upaya Pencegahan terhadap Kejahatan Narkoba
Authors: Syofyan Syofyan , Erizal Erizal , Suryati Suryati
Published: June 2020

Drug abuse has been so alarming that victims of both young and adult children always fall every day and tend to increase from year to year. Various strategies have been carried out by the government to eradicate this drug crime, including preventive efforts to schools. Pariaman City as a crossing area in West Sumatra is a place that is prone to this drug crime. To that end, in an effort to prevent the occurrence of drug crimes, especially for high school students in Pariaman City, activities have been carried out in the form of pharmaceutical promotive actions (Apotek-R). The purpose of this activity is to know the description of the knowledge of high school students in Pariaman City, about Drugs and the influence of the Apotek-R activities on the prevention of drug abuse. The method used in the form of Communication, Information and Education (CIE) uses a pharmacy promotion action (Apotek-R). From this activity information was obtained that the knowledge of high school students in Pariaman City about drug problems is quite good. Promotional action activities of pharmacy (Apotek-R) can be used as a model in providing positive activities in efforts to prevent drug abuse among high school students.
Penyuluhan Koperasi Petani Jeruk di Nagari Koto Tinggi Kecamatan Gunung Omeh Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota
Authors: Weriantoni Weriantoni , Nazaruddin Erizal , Lukman Lukman , Ausri Amra , Khadijah Khadijah , Fadhilah Nurul , Fadhilah Rahmat , Yulianti Elva
Published: June 2020

Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan tentang konsep dan pemanfaatan koperasi kepada petani jeruk di Kecamatan Gunung Omeh Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode ceramah (penyuluhan) dan pelatihan. Terdapat banyak petani yang belum mengetahui tentang koperasi, tujuan koperasi, manfaat koperasi dan bagaimana proses pembentukan koperasi dan bersedia membentuk panitia pembentukan koperasi. Diharapkan pemerintah bisa membantu pendirian koperasi petani jeruk ini.
Peningkatan Pengawasan Penyelenggaraan Pelayanan Publik Melalui Saluran Ombudsman di Desa Tuapejat, Kecamatan Sipora Utara, Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai
Authors: Kabullah Muhammad Ichsan , Ariany Ria , Yoserizal Yoserizal , Rahayu Wewen Kusumi
Published: June 2020

Tidak dapat dipungkiri, penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik secara maksimal pada pemerintahan daerah masih menjadi pekerjaan rumah yang belum terselesaikan. Pelaksanaan otonomi daerah belum mampu mendorong lahirnya pelayananan secara cepat, murah, akuntabel, dan transparan. Hal ini diperparah dengan kultur pelayanan yang lamban di birokrasi. Akibatnya esensi pemerintah sebagai pelayan masyarakat menjadi hilang. Disinilah titik awal lahirnya Ombudsman. Melalui UU Nomor 37 Tahun 2008 tentang Ombudsman Republik Indonesia, Ombudsman diharapkan hadir untuk berperan nyata sebagai jembatan antara pemerintah dan masyarakat dalam peningkatan pelayanan publik. Dalam perkembangannya, keberadaan Ombudsman hadir di daerah seperti Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Akan tetapi, masih banyak masyarakat yang belum memanfaatkan lembaga ini secara maksimal. Artikel ini berupaya menggambarkan upaya peningkatan fungsi pengawasan penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik melalui Ombudsman di Desa Tuapejat. Desa yang terletak di Kabupaten Kepulauan Mentawai ini merupakan salah satu daerah yang masih terisolir di Sumatera Barat. Dengan hadirnya Ombudsman, diharapkan pelayanan publik di desa tersebut dapat meningkat ditengah kendala geografis yang dihadapi. Dari kegiatan yang dilakukan maka dapat dilihat masyarakat belum begitu mengenal Ombudsman. Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengawasan penyelenggaraan pelayanan publik yang selama ini lemah juga diakibatkan dengan kultur permisif. Oleh karena itu, keberadaan ombudsman dirasakan penting dalam meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam menjalankan pengawasan pelayanan di birokrasi.
Pelatihan Standar Penanganan Pangan Rendang di Sentra Produksi Randang
Authors: Patrisina Reinny , Fithri Prima , Susanti Lusi , Zadry Hilma Raimona , Meilani Difana , Wirdianto Eri , Jonrinaldi Jonrinaldi , Jumeno Desto , Muluk Asmuliardi , Herryandie Alexie , Afrinaldi Feri , Henmaidi Henmaidi , Alfadhlani Alfadhlani , Kamil Insannul , Fatrias Dicky , Taufik Taufik , Wisnel Wisnel , Hasan Alizar , Hadiguna Rika Ampuh , Syafruddin Ahmad , Putri Nilda Tri , Amrina Elita , Arief Ikhwan , Adnan Afri
Published: June 2020

Saat ini, konsumen sudah semakin cerdas dalam memilih produk, termasuk produk pangan. Keamanan pangan menjadi hal penting yang harus diperhatikan oleh industri pangan. Produksi makanan yang tidak aman tidak hanya dapat mengakibatkan keracunan makanan, penarikan produk, proses hukum yang panjang, tapi juga dapat merusak reputasi publik. Persyaratan pelanggan menuntut adanya kepastian bahwa makanan diproses dengan cara yang memenuhi standar keamanan pangan, mulai dari kebun sampai ke meja. Untuk memenuhi hal tersebut maka semua pihak yang terlibat dalam proses produksi pangan harus memiliki pengetahuan dan memahami dengan baik hal terkait standar penanganan pangan untuk produk yang diproduksi. Rendang merupakan salah satu makanan tradisional Sumatera Barat yang sudah mulai mendunia. Hal ini mengakibatkan kebutuhan untuk memproduksi rendang dengan standar keamanan pangan menjadi suatu hal yang sangat penting. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka dalam rangka Pengabdian Masyarakat Jurusan Teknik Industri UNAND melakukan pelatihan/bimbingan teknis terkait standar penanganan pangan rendang dengan melatih tentang Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Kegiatan ini diharapkan dapat membantu IKM untuk mendapatkan standarisasi usaha.
Pelatihan Pasca Panen dan Pengolahan Jambu Biji Merah untuk Petani di Kecamatan VII Koto Sungai Sariak Padang Pariaman
Authors: Murtius Wenny Surya , Hari Purnama Dini
Published: June 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan VII Koto Sungai Sariak Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Mitra yang berlaku sebagai peserta pelatihan adalah petani jambu biji merah yang telah memiliki kebun dan telah panen. Permasalahan prioritas yang dihadapi mitra adalah belum memahami tentang penanganan pasca panen dan pengolahan jambu biji merah. Metode pelatihan adalah partisipatif, dimana kegiatan dilakukan dengan cara memberikan pelatihan dan melakukan praktik pengolahan secara bersama. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa peserta sangat antusias mengikuti pelatihan dan termasuk praktik bersama yang dilakukan. Sehingga setelah pelatihan peserta telah memahami teknik penanganan pasca panen dan pengolahan jambu biji merah menjadi beberapa produk. Penanganan pasca panen yang disampaikan diantaranya metode petik, penanganan setelah di petik, serta pengemasan primer dan sekunder yang digunakan. Praktik pengolahan yang dilakukan pada saat pelatihan adalah pembuatan selai jambu biji merah. Harapan dari kegiatan ini adalah terlaksananya penanganan pasca panen yang tepat dan tersedianya produk olahan jambu biji merah di Kecamatan VII Koto Sungai Sariak Kabupaten Padang Pariaman.
Pendampingan Kelompok Pedagang Olahan Dadih di Kota Bukittinggi
Authors: Suresti Amna , Hellyward James , Anas Amrizal , Wati Rahmi
Published: June 2020

Artikel ini memaparkan hasil kegiatan IbM untuk pelatihan, pembinaan dan pendampingan pada kelompok pedagang produsen dadih di Kota Bukittinggi. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk : 1) meningkatkan motivasi wirausaha mitra; 2) meningkatkan wawasan dan pengetahuan tentang manajemen usaha ; 3) meningkatkan kemampuan mitra dalam mendiversifikasi dadih menjadi beberapa produk serta 4) mengembangkan wilayah pemasaran. Hasil dari kegiatan ini diantaranya adalah : 1) meningkatkan jiwa entrepreneurship mitra sebagai upaya menunjang kegiatan pengembangan kelompok; 2) Kegiatan penyuluhan manajemen pengembangan usaha, 3)Pelatihan dan percontohan diversifikasi dadih untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dan 4) Kegiatan promosi dan pengembangan jaringan pemasaran telah dijadikan sebagai strategi pemasaran untuk meningkatkan volume produksi kelompok usaha.
Transfer Teknologi Budidaya Tanaman Hias untuk Guru-Guru Biologi
Authors: Hayati P.K. Dewi , Warnita Warnita , Herawati Netti , Sutoyo Sutoyo , Martinius Martinius , Trizelia Trizelia , Herviyanti Herviyanti
Published: June 2020

Cultivation of ornamental plants in the school is necessary to provide the loveliness, and conductive atmosphere and environment for the learning process in that school. This community empowerment program aimed to transfer knowledge and technology of ornamental plants cultivation, covering the aspects of growing media, application of plant growth regulator, propagation and hybridization of ornamental plants to the biology teachers of high school. The methods of empowerment were community learning, demonstration, training, and self-practice. Results from the activities showed that the representative biology teachers from districts and cities in West Sumatra could be understood and applied the techniques of ornamental plants cultivation in their respective schools. The Likert analysis showed that a percentage of 95.6%, indicating that the transfer of technology provided is very beneficial for high school biology teachers. Hence, this activity is needed to be continuous in the future.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Melalui Pelatihan Pembuatan Pakan Alternatif Amoniasi Jerami Jagung di Nagari Pelangai Kaciak Kecamatan Ranah Pesisir, Pesisir Selatan
Authors: Afriani Tinda , Seftiadi Yoga
Published: June 2020

Pakan merupakan suatu kebutuhan mutlak yang harus dipenuhi dalam pemeliharaan ternak ruminansia baik itu kambing, domba, sapi maupun kerbau. Namun kendala utama yang dihadapi peternak saat musim kemarau yaitu ketersediaan pakan hijauan segar yang sulit didapatkan, yang ada hanya jerami jagung. Tujuan kegiatan ini dilakukan yaitu memberikan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kepada peternak dalam hal pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan limbah pertanian seperti jerami jagung. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan metode penyuluhan dan pelatihan, metode penyuluhan dilakukan dengan memberikan ceramah tentang manfaat amoniasi jerami jagung, sedangkan pelatihan dilakukan dengan mempraktekan carapembuatan amoniasi jerami jagung. Kegiatan ini dilakukan oleh mahasiswa KKN Unand dari fakultas peternakan. Kegiatan ini dihadiri oleh kelompok ternak, masyarakat umum serta aparat Nagari Pelangai Kaciak. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah peternak telah mengetahui cara pembuatan dan manfaat amoniasi jerami jagung. Diharapkan dari kegiatan ini dapat memberikan informasi cara pengolahan jerami jagung sebagai pakan alternatif untuk ternak ruminansia dengan metoda amoniasi, mengatasi kesulitan pakan pada musim kemarau serta dapat membantu sanitasi lingkungan.
MUTASI: BENTUK SANKSI DI BIDANG KEPEGAWAIAN?
Authors: Cahyadini Amelia , Radjab Abi Ma’ruf , Pinky Chyntia
Published: June 2020

In the civil servant management system, developed on the basis of merit system, any official can be at any time be transferred, promoted or demoted.  In practice this option may and have often been misused as tool in office politics to remove troublesome civil servant. From the civil servant’s perspective, the options open are either comply or decline the standing order and face the consequence of disciplinary sanction.  This article shall discuss, using a legal/juridical normative method, legal aspects of this management tool. The aim is to propose a guidance for civil servants on how to deal with orders of transfer or motion/demotion.
TANTANGAN PENERAPAN ANALISIS DAMPAK DALAM LEGISLASI INDONESIA
Authors: Nalle Victor Imanuel W. , Kristina Jennis
Published: June 2020

Quality of legislation, undoubtedly, is influenced by the preliminary legal research conducted.  But there is more, as a number of members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in this context also utilizes impact assessment studies to guarantee good legislations. The question discussed here is to whether impact assessment study should also be used by the Indonesian parliament. By looking at countries which already implement this approach, it is found that such impact assessment study can only be performed if experts are readily available.  In any case, the author recommends that the government adopt this approach in the making of statutes.
PENDEKATAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA PADA SISTEM PEMIDANAAN DAN PUTUSAN PERKARA KORUPSI
Authors: Ali Mahrus
Published: June 2020

This juridical normative and empirical study is conducted with the aim at analyzing the relationship between corruption and human rights violation. Two issues shall be discussed, i.e. what factors inhibits the use of human right approach in corruption cases and what changes can be made to the criminal justice system, especially in relation to the penal judgement. One factor inhibiting the use of a human right approach in handling corruption cases in the perspective of treating corruption as pure criminal act wholly unrelated to violation of human rights.  To rectify this situation and accommodate this human right approach, the author recommends to prioritize and use fine which basic value is social welfare.  Court decision in corruption cases, in addition, should when evaluating elements of crime charges, explicitly describe those rights of the victims which are violated and use this consideration in determining what penal sanction are to be given.
NORMA PERSATUAN SEBAGAI BATASAN PERBUATAN PIDANA PENYEBARAN UJARAN KEBENCIAN MELALUI INTERNET
Authors: Christianto Hwian
Published: June 2020

The Law no 11 of 2008 contains a penal rule against spreading hatred by the means of the internet (or digital social media). The enforcement of this penal sanction, due to its vagueness on the meaning of the term hate and spread of hate, consequently result in a public debate on how it impacts on people’s right of free expression. Apparently this vagueness opens up the possibility to limit even suppress freedom of expression. Using a juridical normative approach, this article discusses the leitmotiv of the above penal sanction.  The author suggests that the express purpose of this article is to secure the unity and integrity of a pluralistic society.
ASAS TERBUKA UNTUK UMUM DAN KEHADIRAN FISIK PARA PIHAK DALAM SIDANG DI PENGADILAN NEGERI PASCA PERATURAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG NOMOR 1 TAHUN 2019
Authors: Waluyo Bernadette M
Published: June 2020

The Indonesian Supreme Court, in response to the information era, modernizes the civil procedural rules at the district court level.  This is done by issuing Supreme Court Regulation no. 1 of 2019 re. Administration of Justice at Civil Law Courts and Electronic-Court Proceedings. Undoubtedly, modernization of existing rules on the administration of justice is much needed.  On the other hand, these changes may violate a number of procedural civil law principles.  The author argues, from a civil procedural law perspective, that the above Supreme Court regulation violates the basic principle of transparency of court proceedings and physical attendance at court proceedings.
PENGATURAN ILLICIT ENRICHMENT DI INDONESIA
Authors: Miantoro Bayu
Published: June 2020

The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) provides states with the opportunity, by means of their national criminal law, to criminalize a number of diverse corruptive behaviors, inter alia, illicit enrichment. By using a legal normative approach, the author discusses the chances and obstacles Indonesia face when introducing illicit enrichment as a crime alongside other crimes regulated in the Law on (the eradication of) corruption and law re.  Money laundering.  Apparently the primary aim to criminalize illicit enrichment through the national criminal law is to provide the state with a legal instrument to recover assets the result of corruption or money laundering.  Attention should be given, however, on a number of obstacles coming from the interpretation of presumption of innocence principle and exiting regulation on the obligation for government officials to report their assets.
PERBANDINGAN FRANCHISE OFFERING CIRCULAR MENURUT PRANATA HUKUM WARALABA DI INDONESIA DAN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Isradjuningtias Agri Chairunisa
Published: June 2020

Using a comparative law method, this article compares how Indonesian and Australia law on franchise regulates specifically the matter of franchise offering circular.  Hopefully this comparison shall not only indicate similarities or differences in both countries approach but more than that reveals what can be learned from the Australian approach to franchise offering circular.
Konstruování obrazu minulosti zaměřené na dětské adresáty: míšení stylů a žánrů
Authors: Hoffmannová Jana
Published: June 2020

The monthly magazine Časostroj (Time Machine), published in the Czech Republic since 2011, is meant to enable “a fun journey into history” for readers aged 7–15. Several years ago, this magazine took 2nd place in a competition organised by the Czech Academy of Sciences for the popularisation of science. The paper considers how this specifically-profiled popularisation of history oscillates between academic (pedagogical, didactic), everyday communicative and “entertainment” styles, as well as how the entertainment function of language and texts is promoted in contemporary communication. Attention is devoted to the fact that in this popularising discourse – probably much more than in scholarly historiography – narration merges with commentary, and historical fiction has a specific use. The selection of topics and historical events is determined witha consideration of young readers, who are transported into history and directly integrated into past events. The magazine’s authors and editors engage their intended readers in continuous dialogue and maintain live contact with them. The paper also presents the various genres which appear in the magazine (from myths, legends and fables to comics, including, e.g. “historical detective stories”). It further recalls and accents everyday life in history in this popularising discourse and its connections to the gender perspective (female perspective), among others. Emphasis is also placed on the educational function of the texts – on how young readers are encouraged to be actively interested in history and to be independent thinkers (e.g. through alternative history).
Uruchamianie pamięci osobistej w epistolarnych ujęciach literatury dziecięcej
Authors: Niesporek-Szamburska Bernadeta
Published: June 2020

At the beginning of her article, the author briefly presents the assumptions of memorystudies. She indicates that literature and written forms create some kind of “traces” of memory and shows, among written genres, the letter as a genre particu- larly associated with life and as an auto-narrative personal document. The use of the letter genre in the function of a special medium activating the personal memory of the intra-textual recipient in literature for children and adolescents is the subject of further analysis. In two novels for youth: “Dziewczyna z pomarańczami” (Girl with oranges by Jostein Gaarder) and “Moja droga Aleksandro”(My dear Aleksandra by Krystyna Siesicka), the author analyses the following categories: communicative situation, time variability (experiencing the past, present and future), view point with change ability of focus, perspective change and pronouns, as well as signs of dialogism in texts of literary letters.