bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging with Tirofiban during Oral Antiplatelet Interruption: A Single‐Center Case Series Analysis Including Patients on Hemodialysis
Authors: Walker Elizabeth A. , Dager William E.
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Patients requiring an interruption in dual‐antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) within 6 months of cardiac stenting are at risk for thrombotic events. Bridging with short‐acting intravenous antiplatelet agents has been proposed to minimize the risk of thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications.

Methods

This retrospective analysis of a tirofiban bridging strategy did not use an initial bolus loading dose. Tirofiban infusions were initiated 24–48 hours after the last oral antiplatelet dose at a rate of 0.1 μg/kg/min (or 0.05 μg/kg/min if renal dysfunction) and continued until 4–8 hours before surgery or until DAPT could be resumed. Coprimary end points were occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and bleeding.

Results

Twenty patients requiring DAPT interruption within 6 months of cardiac stenting for either a surgical procedure or who were unable to take any medications by mouth were included. The median time from stent implantation to DAPT interruption was 33 days (range 3–146 days). Two patients experienced a MACE during their hospital stay. No major bleeding events occurred; minor bleeding occurred in four patients during tirofiban therapy. Five patients in this analysis had end‐stage renal disease requiring hemodialysis. Of these patients, no MACE or major bleeding events occurred.

Conclusions

This analysis observed that a tirofiban bridging strategy without an initial bolus loading dose has comparable efficacy and safety as previously published reports. A tirofiban infusion without bolus dosing may be a safe option for antiplatelet bridging in patients with a recent cardiac stent implant to prevent stent thrombosis.
Successful Treatment of Methicillin Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Osteomyelitis with Oritavancin
Authors: Delaportas Dino J. , Estrada Sandy J. , Darmelio Matthew
Published: May 2017

Staphylococcus aureus remains the most common causative pathogen in osteomyelitis. New or alternative therapies are often needed to treat S. aureus infections adequately in patients with drug allergies, treatment failures, or drug interactions. Oritavancin is a novel long‐acting lipoglycopeptide approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 2014 for the treatment of acute bacterial skin and skin structure infections. With a terminal half‐life of 8–10 days, oritavancin dosing regimens with infrequent parenteral administration now exist to treat infectious diseases such as osteomyelitis that would otherwise require daily dosing of intravenous antimicrobials for weeks; however, clinical experience is lacking. In this article, the first case of S. aureus osteomyelitis resulting from traumatic injury, successfully treated with oritavancin, is presented. Removal of the nail used for a comminuted tibial shaft fracture repair followed by a 6‐week treatment course with oritavancin resulted in clinical response.
Non‐interacting two‐impurity Anderson model on a lattice at particle–hole symmetry
Authors: Mahmoud Zakaria M. M. , Bünemann Jörg , Gebhard Florian
Published: May 2017

We study the non‐interacting two‐impurity Anderson model on a lattice using the Green function equation‐of‐motion method. We focus on the RKKY limit that is characterized by a small hybridization between impurities and host electrons and the absence of a direct coupling between the impurities. Odd and even channels do not decouple, in general. Different real parts of the hybridization functions lead to a small splitting of the single‐impurity resonance. Along the axes, the RKKY interaction energy decays proportional to the inverse square of the impurity separation. Hence, the RKKY approximation to the RKKY interaction is inadequate.
A New Approach for Road‐Vehicle Vibration Simulation
Authors: Zhou Hao , Wang Zhi‐Wei
Published: May 2017

A new approach for road‐vehicle vibration simulation is proposed and demonstrated feasible by testing with three express‐road vehicle‐vibration records, that is, record A, two‐wheel electric bicycle, 80% loaded, traveling on urban road; record B, median van, 50% loaded, traveling on urban road; and record C, minivan, 80% loaded, traveling on urban road too. This method decomposes the original signal into a series of approximate Gaussian‐vibration segments and a shock segment with high kurtosis by moving crest factor and one‐tenth peak‐value method. Simulate Gaussian‐distribution vibration one by one from the power spectral density (PSD) of each decomposed segments. The overall signal is simulated by concatenating of each decomposed Gaussian segment. The simulated signal has not only the same overall root‐mean‐square (RMS), duration as the original signal, but also has a similar PSD to the original signal, without incurring excessive acceleration levels. This allows an improved and more representative simulated input signal to be generated that can be use in the current generation of vibration table.
River regulation and riparian woodlands: Cottonwood conservation with an environmental flow regime along the Waterton River, Alberta
Authors: Foster S. G. , Rood S. B.
Published: May 2017

Following water withdrawal, riparian cottonwoods have declined downstream from some dams in western North America. Analyses of aerial photographs and field observations in the 1980s suggested that the black and narrowleaf cottonwoods (Populus trichocarpaandPopulus angustifolia) along the Waterton River, Alberta, were declining due to drought stress following the 1964 damming and diversion. This raised concern for the riverine ecosystems and in 1991, “functional flows” commenced with 2 changes: (a) the minimum flow was increased from 0.9 to 2.3 m3/s (mean discharge 21.9 m3/s) and (b) flow ramping provided gradual stage recession after the spring peak. This provided an environmental flow regime that was delivered for 2 decades and this study investigated the consequent river flow patterns and riparian woodlands upstream and downstream from the Waterton Dam. Analyses of aerial photographs from 1951 to 2009 assessed 4 flow management intervals: (a) the free‐flowing predam condition, (b) the initial dammed interval to the mid‐1970s, (c) a drought interval in the 1980s, and (d) with the environmental flow regime after 1991. Analyses revealed woodland reduction from 1961 to 1985 due to losses through bank erosion with major floods and apparent decline due to low flows following a regional drought and water withdrawal for irrigation. With the subsequent environmental flow regime, there was apparent woodland recovery, despite drought in 2000 and 2001. This study demonstrated that the correspondence between river flow patterns and the extent of riparian woodlands and the benefit from the environmental flow regime that probably reduced drought stress and mortality.
Congestion management techniques for disruption‐tolerant satellite networks
Authors: Madoery Pablo G. , Fraire Juan A. , Finochietto Jorge M.
Published: May 2017

Delay and disruption‐tolerant networks are becoming an appealing solution for extending Internet boundaries toward challenged environments where end‐to‐end connectivity cannot be guaranteed. In particular, satellite networks can take advantage of a priori trajectory estimations of nodes to make efficient routing decisions. Despite this knowledge is already used in routing schemes such as contact graph routing, it might derive in congestion problems because of capacity overbooking of forthcoming connections (contacts). In this work, we initially extend contact graph routing to provide enhanced congestion mitigation capabilities by taking advantage of the local traffic information available at each node. However, since satellite networks data generation is generally managed by a mission operation center, a global view of the traffic can also be exploited to further improve the latter scheme. As a result, we present a novel strategy to avoid congestion in predictable delay‐ and disruption‐tolerant network systems by means of individual contact plans. Finally, we evaluate and compare the performance improvement of these mechanisms in a typical low Earth orbit satellite constellation.
The forecasting of menstruation based on a state‐space modeling of basal body temperature time series
Authors: Fukaya Keiichi , Kawamori Ai , Osada Yutaka , Kitazawa Masumi , Ishiguro Makio
Published: May 2017

Women's basal body temperature (BBT) shows a periodic pattern that associates with menstrual cycle. Although this fact suggests a possibility that daily BBT time series can be useful for estimating the underlying phase state as well as for predicting the length of current menstrual cycle, little attention has been paid to model BBT time series. In this study, we propose a state‐space model that involves the menstrual phase as a latent state variable to explain the daily fluctuation of BBT and the menstruation cycle length. Conditional distributions of the phase are obtained by using sequential Bayesian filtering techniques. A predictive distribution of the next menstruation day can be derived based on this conditional distribution and the model, leading to a novel statistical framework that provides a sequentially updated prediction for upcoming menstruation day. We applied this framework to a real data set of women's BBT and menstruation days and compared prediction accuracy of the proposed method with that of previous methods, showing that the proposed method generally provides a better prediction. Because BBT can be obtained with relatively small cost and effort, the proposed method can be useful for women's health management. Potential extensions of this framework as the basis of modeling and predicting events that are associated with the menstrual cycles are discussed. © 2017 The Authors. Statistics in Medicine Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Efficient Two Step β‐Glycoside Synthesis from N‐Acetyl d‐Glucosamine: Scope and Limitations of Copper(II) Triflate‐Catalyzed Glycosylation
Authors: Sommer Roman , Hauck Dirk , Titz Alexander
Published: May 2017

β‐Linked glycosides of N‐acetyl glucosamine are widespread in nature. Their direct synthesis is hampered by the low reactivity of GlcNAc as a glycosyl donor. We report a selective and rapid copper(II) triflate‐catalyzed two‐step synthesis of β‐glycosides of GlcNAc from cheap GlcNAc as starting material without purification of intermediates. α‐Specific glycosylation can be achieved by increasing the amount of catalyst and extending reaction times.
Production of Bio‐Based Gasoline by Noble‐Metal‐Catalyzed Hydrodeoxygenation of α‐Angelica Lactone Derived Di/Trimers
Authors: Ayodele Olubunmi O. , Dawodu Folasegun A. , Yan Dongxia , Dong Huixian , Xin Jiayu , Zhang Suojiang
Published: May 2017

Conversion of biomass into a suitable fuel involves series of chemical transformation including C−C coupling and hydrodeoxygenation reactions. Here, we have employed coupling reaction to a biomass‐derived angelica lactone in the presence of mild alkaline catalysts, K2CO3 to obtain dimers and trimers in appropriate quantities. Hydrodeoxygenation of these molecules over carbon‐supported noble metal catalysts was performed. Subsequently, the effect of operating parameters such as hydrogen pressure, temperature and reaction time on the hydrodeoxygenation of di/trimers were fully optimized and liquids suitable for gasoline application were obtained. This process has the potential of scale‐up since the raw materials can easily be obtained from freely available biomass and the technology involved in carbon‐carbon coupling and hydrodeoxygenation is well known.
N/Al‐Incorporated TiO2Nanocompositesfor Improved Device Performance of aDye‐Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Neetu  , Maurya Ishwar C. , Singh Shalini , Gupta Arun K. , Srivastava Pankaj , Bahadur Lal
Published: May 2017

We report application of aluminium co‐doped with nitrogen titania nanocomposite (Al/N‐TiO2) prepared by hydrothermal method as photoanode for very efficient dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The Al/N‐TiO2 nano‐composites are characterized by spectral viz. UV‐visible, XRD, FTIR, XPS techniques. TEM, SEM, EDX and BET are used to obtain their particle size, morphology and surface area. The DSSC with Al/N co‐doped TiO2 as photoanode and N719 sensitizer dye exhibited an overall light conversion efficiency of 6.24 %, which is much improved compared to that of un‐modified TiO2 (1.69 %) under 100 mW/cm2 light irradiation. The improved efficiency with Al/N co‐doped TiO2 is attributed to greater dye loading, increased surface area, rapid interfacial charge transfer, slow charge recombination and strong red shift of light absorption in the visible region as compared with un‐doped TiO2. The effect of the Al concentration on the current density is studied and optimum Al concentration with N‐doped TiO2is observed to be 1.0 mole%. The work establishes that the as prepared Al/N co‐doped TiO2is impending photoanode material for low‐cost and high‐efficiency DSSC.
Extending the two‐process model of burnout in child protection workers: The role of resilience in mediating burnout via organizational factors of control, values, fairness, reward, workload, and community relationships
Authors: McFadden Paula , Mallett John , Leiter Michael
Published: May 2017

Burnout has been disproportionally reported in child protection social work. This paper presents data from 162 child protection staff in Northern Ireland, assessed for burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Path models were estimated, based on an extension of the two‐process demands and values model (Leiter, ) to include additional measures of resilience using the Resilience Scale‐14, as well as perceived rewards and sense of community from the Areas of Work Life Scale (Leiter, ). Optimal model fit was achieved by modelling resilience as a mediator of the relationship between organizational factors of control and value congruence and burnout. Resilience also directly predicted emotional exhaustion (β = −.23, p < .005) and personal accomplishment (β = .46, p < .001). Workload was the strongest direct predictor of emotional exhaustion (β = −.54, p < .001). Adding perceived rewards to extend the two‐process model resulted in moderate associations with control (β = .44, p < .001), workload (β = .26, p < .005), fairness (β = .40, p < .001), and values (β = .32, p < .001). In the final model, resilience is modelled as both an outcome of some organizational factors whilst also making a unique direct contribution to explaining burnout alongside other organizational factors. Other pathways and mediating relationships are reported and further research directions discussed.
Detection of Nitric Oxide from Living Cells Using Polymeric Zinc Organic Framework‐Derived Zinc Oxide Composite with Conducting Polymer
Authors: Kim Min‐Yeong , Naveen Malenahalli Halappa , Gurudatt Nanjanagudu Ganesh , Shim Yoon‐Bo
Published: May 2017

Sensitive and selective detection of nitric oxide (NO) in the human body is crucial since it has the vital roles in the physiological and pathological processes. This study reports a new type of electrochemical NO biosensor based on zinc‐dithiooxamide framework derived porous ZnO nanoparticles and polyterthiophene‐rGO composite. By taking advantage of the synergetic effect between ZnO and poly(TTBA‐rGO) (TTBA = 3′‐(p‐benzoic acid)‐2,2′:5′,2″‐terthiophene, rGO = reduced graphene oxide) nanocomposite layer, the poly(TTBA‐rGO)/ZnO sensor probe displays excellent electrocatalytic activity and explores to detect NO released from normal and cancer cell lines. The ZnO is immobilized on a composite layer of poly(TTBA‐rGO). The highly porous ZnO offers a high electrolyte accessible surface area and high ion–electron transport rates that efficiently catalyze the NO reduction reaction. Amperometry with the modified electrode displays highly sensitive response and wide dynamic range of 0.019–76 × 10−6m with the detection limit of 7.7 ± 0.43 × 10−9m. The sensor probe is demonstrated to detect NO released from living cells by drug stimulation. The proposed sensor provides a powerful platform for the low detection limit that is feasible for real‐time analysis of NO in a biological system.
The skin microbiome of cow‐nose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) in an aquarium touch‐tank exhibit
Authors: Kearns Patrick J. , Bowen Jennifer L. , Tlusty Michael F.
Published: May 2017

Public aquaria offer numerous educational opportunities for visitors while touch‐tank exhibits offer guests the ability to directly interact with marine life via physical contact. Despite the popularity of touch‐tanks, there is a paucity of research about animal health in these exhibits and, in particular, there is little research on the microbial communities in these highly interactive exhibits. Microbial community structure can have implications for both host health and habitat function. To better understand the microbiome of a touch‐tank we used high‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene to analyze the microbial community on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of cow‐nose rays (Rhinoptera bonasus) as well as their environment in a frequently visited touch‐tank exhibit at the New England Aquarium. Our analyses revealed a distinct microbial community associated with the skin of the ray that had lower diversity than the surrounding habitat. The ray skin was dominated by three orders: Burkholderiales (∼55%), Flavobacteriales (∼19%), and Pseudomonadales (∼12%), taxonomic groups commonly associated with other fish species. Our results provide a survey of ray‐associated bacterial communities in a touch‐tank environment, thereby laying the foundation for future studies examining the role of potential challenges to ray microbiota and their associated health.
Universal BRCA1/BRCA2 Testing for Ovarian Cancer Patients is Welcomed, but with Care: How Women and Staff Contextualize Experiences of Expanded Access
Authors: Shipman Hannah , Flynn Samantha , MacDonald‐Smith Carey F , Brenton James , Crawford Robin , Tischkowitz Marc ,   on behalf of the GTEOC Study Group, Hulbert‐Williams Nicholas J
Published: May 2017

Decreasing costs of genetic testing and advances in treatment for women with cancer with germline BRCA1/BRCA2 mutations have heralded more inclusive genetic testing programs. The Genetic Testing in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (GTEOC) Study, investigates the feasibility and acceptability of offering genetic testing to all women recently diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (universal genetic testing or UGT). Study participants and staff were interviewed to: (i) assess the impact of UGT (ii) integrate patients’ and staff perspectives in the development of new UGT programs. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with twelve GTEOC Study participants and five members of staff involved in recruiting them. The transcripts were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. There are two super‐ordinate themes: motivations and influences around offers of genetic testing and impacts of genetic testing in ovarian cancer patients. A major finding is that genetic testing is contextualized within the broader experiences of the women; the impact of UGT was minimized in comparison with the ovarian cancer diagnosis. Women who consent to UGT are motivated by altruism and by their relatives’ influence, whilst those who decline are often considered overwhelmed or fearful. Those without a genetic mutation are usually reassured by this result, whilst those with a genetic mutation must negotiate new uncertainties and responsibilities towards their families. Our findings suggest that UGT in this context is generally acceptable to women. However, the period shortly after diagnosis is a sensitive time and some women are emotionally overburdened. UGT is considered a ‘family affair’ and staff must acknowledge this.
Change in depression across adolescence: The role of early anger socialization and child anger
Authors: O'Neal Colleen R. , Weston Lynsey C. , He Xin , Huang Keng‐Yen , Pine Daniel S. , Kamboukos Dimitra , Brotman Laurie Miller
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the relations of early socialization of anger with change in adolescent depression, and moderation by child anger. Using a sample of low‐income, ethnic minority children at familial risk for psychopathology in the United States (n = 92; ages 3–5; 53% female; 65% African American; 27% Latina/o), early anger socialization (i.e., parent response to child anger) was tested as a predictor of change in depression from preadolescence to adolescence [i.e., age 8 (n = 63), 11 (n = 58), and 13 (n = 44)]. A videotaped parent‐child interaction was coded for parental socialization of preschooler anger, and psychiatric interviews of depression were conducted three times across preadolescence and adolescence. Major depression diagnoses increased from preadolescence to adolescence. Latent growth modeling indicated parent discouragement of child anger was a significant predictor of an increase in the child's later depression from preadolescence to adolescence, and child anger intensity was a significant moderator.
On the scattering problem for infinitely many fermions in dimensions $d ≥ 3$ at positive temperature
Authors: Chen Thomas , Hong Younghun , Pavlović Nataša
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we study the dynamics of a system of infinitely many fermions in dimensions

d \geq 3

near thermal equilibrium and prove scattering in the case of small perturbation around equilibrium in a certain generalized Sobolev space of density operators. This work is a continuation of our previous paper [11], and extends the important recent result of M. Lewin and J. Sabin in [19] of a similar type for dimension

d = 2

. In the work at hand, we establish new, improved Strichartz estimates that allow us to control the case

d \geq 3

.
Clinicopathological evaluation of Marjolin ulcers over two decades
Authors: Oruç Melike , Kankaya Yüksel , Sungur Nezih , Özer Kadri , Işık Veysel Murat , Ulusoy M. Gürhan , Uysal Afşin , Koçer Uğur
Published: June 2017

Malignant changes arising on the previously traumatized or chronically inflamed skin are defined as Marjolin ulcers. They can develop on many different lesions but frequently they are detected on burn scars. Histopathologically, Marjolin ulcers are mostly diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma and they need special attention when especially located on the lower extremities. In this study, 63 patients treated for Marjolin ulcers between January 2000 and March 2015 were evaluated according to etiology, histological differentiation, primary tumor size, patient age and anatomical localization. Medical records of these patients were reviewed retrospectively. Mean age was 49.7 years. Average interval between the first injury and carcinoma development was 37.9 years. Most frequent etiologic factor was burn scars with 82.5%. Foot was the most frequently affected site with 28.6% and scalp was the second most frequent localization with 25.4%. Squamous cell carcinomas were detected in 88.9% of the patients and basal cell carcinomas were detected in 11.1% of the patients. For treatment, excision and grafting was performed for 48 patients (76.2%), excision and local flaps were used for 10 patients (15.9%) and excision and free flaps were used for five patients (7.9%). Regional lymph node dissection was performed for 12 patients (19%). Average follow up period was 46.5 months. Local recurrences were detected in nine patients (14.3%). In conclusion, Marjolin ulcers are aggressive tumors that require special care. In order to prevent life threatening sequelas of this entity, it is important to know basic aspects of clinical progress, prognostic factors and treatment modalities.
Property in the Body
Authors: Dickenson Donna
Published: May 2017

We live in an era when all bodies are potentially 'feminised' by being rendered 'open-access' for biomedical research and clinical practice. Adopting a theoretically sophisticated and practical approach, Property in the Body: Feminist Perspectives rejects the notion that the sale of bodily tissue enhances the freedom of the individual through an increase in moral agency. Combining feminist theory and bioethics, it also addresses the omissions which are inherent in policy analysis and academic debate. For example, whilst women's tissue is particularly central to new biotechnologies, the requirement for female labour is largely ignored in subsequent evaluation. In its fully revised second edition, this book also considers how policies and developments vary between countries and within specific areas of biomedicine itself. Most importantly, it analyses the new and emerging technologies of this field whilst returning to the core questions and fears which are inextricably linked to the commercialisation of the body.
Survey of Canadian Myotonic Dystrophy Patients’ Access to Computer Technology
Authors: Climans Seth A. , Piechowicz Christine , Koopman Wilma J. , Venance Shannon L.
Published: May 2017

Background: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 is an autosomal dominant condition affecting distal hand strength, energy, and cognition. Increasingly, patients and families are seeking information online. An online neuromuscular patient portal under development can help patients access resources and interact with each other regardless of location. It is unknown how individuals living with myotonic dystrophy interact with technology and whether barriers to access exist. We aimed to characterize technology use among participants with myotonic dystrophy and to determine whether there is interest in a patient portal. Methods: Surveys were mailed to 156 participants with myotonic dystrophy type 1 registered with the Canadian Neuromuscular Disease Registry. Results: Seventy-five participants (60% female) responded; almost half were younger than 46 years. Most (84%) used the internet; almost half of the responders (47%) used social media. The complexity and cost of technology were commonly cited reasons not to use technology. The majority of responders (76%) were interested in a myotonic dystrophy patient portal. Conclusions: Patients in a Canada-wide registry of myotonic dystrophy have access to and use technology such as computers and mobile phones. These patients expressed interest in a portal that would provide them with an opportunity to network with others with myotonic dystrophy and to access information about the disease.
Leadership and innovation: The moderator role of organization support for innovative behaviors
Authors: Mokhber Mozhdeh , Khairuzzaman Wan , Vakilbashi Amin
Published: May 2017

This study aims to advance the understanding of direct and moderated effect of transformational leadership on organizational innovation. A new framework is proposed in this research to identify the moderating effect of organization support for idea generating, risk taking and decision-making on the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational innovation. A sample of 63 companies from top 100 Iranian companies participated in this research. The results of this study supported the expected positive relationship between transformational leadership and organizational innovation. Besides, two of the predicted moderating effects were supported in this research. The results suggest that transformational leaders might not only promote innovative activity within the organization but also ensure the market success of the innovations.
Evaluation of anin vitrofibre fermentation method using feline faecal inocula: inter-individual variation
Authors: Bosch Guido , Heesen Lisa , de Melo Santos Karine , Cone John W. , Pellikaan Wilbert F. , Hendriks Wouter H.
Published: May 2017

The present study aimed to evaluate the inter-individual variability in fermentation of standard fibrous substrates by faecal inocula from ten healthy adult female cats. Substrates were citrus pectin (CP), fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), guar gum (GG), sugar beet pulp (SBP) and wheat middlings (WM). Each substrate was incubated with faecal inoculum from each cat. Gas production was measured continuously during the 48 h incubation and SCFA and organic matter disappearance (only SBP and WM) after incubation. Out of ten cats, nine produced faeces on the days of inoculum preparation. The substrates contrasted in terms of fermentation parameters measured. The inter-individual variability was in general lower for the more simple and pure substrates (CP, FOS, GG) than for the more complex substrates containing mixtures of fibres (SBP, WM). Furthermore, for total SCFA and gas produced, inter-individual variability was lower than for proportions of butyrate and of branched-chain fatty acids and for the parameters of gas production kinetics. It is concluded that the variability inin vitrofermentation parameters is associated with the complexity of fibrous substrates. The presented data are instrumental for the calculation of number of faecal donors required for precisein vitrocharacterisation of the fermentability of dietary fibres. In addition, the number of faecal donors should be adjusted to the specific fermentation parameter(s) of interest.
Is improvement in the Healthy Food Intake Index (HFII) related to a lower risk for gestational diabetes?
Authors: Meinilä Jelena , Valkama Anita , Koivusalo Saila B. , Stach-Lempinen Beata , Rönö Kristiina , Lindström Jaana , Kautiainen Hannu , Eriksson Johan G. , Erkkola Maijaliisa
Published: May 2017

The aim was to analyse whether changes in the Healthy Food Intake Index (HFII) during pregnancy are related to gestational diabetes (GDM) risk. The 251 pregnant women participating had a pre-pregnancy BMI≥30 kg/m2 and/or a history of GDM. A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed during the first and second trimesters of pregnancy for assessment of GDM. A normal OGTT result at first trimester was an inclusion criterion for the study. FFQ collected at first and second trimesters served for calculating the HFII. A higher HFII score reflects higher adherence to the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR) (score range 0–17). Statistical methods included Student’s t test, Mann–Whitney U test, Fisher’s exact test and linear and logistic regression analyses. The mean HFII at first trimester was 10·1 (95 % CI 9·7, 10·4) points, and the mean change from the first to the second trimester was 0·35 (95 % CI 0·09, 0·62) points. The range of the HFII changes varied from –7 to 7. The odds for GDM decreased with higher HFII change (adjusted OR 0·83 per one unit increase in HFII; 95 % CI 0·69, 0·99; P=0·043). In the analysis of the association between HFII-sub-indices and GDM, odds for GDM decreased with higher HFII-Fat change (fat percentage of milk and cheese, type of spread and cooking fats) but it was not significant in a fully adjusted model (P=0·058). Dietary changes towards the NNR during pregnancy seem to be related to a lower risk for GDM.
Olive oil- and fish oil-enriched diets modify plasma lipids and susceptibility of LDL to oxidative modification in free-living male patients with peripheral vascular disease: the Spanish Nutrition Study
Authors: Ramírez-Tortosa Carmen , López-Pedrosa Jose M. , Suarez Antonio , Ros Eduardo , Mataix José , Gil Angel
Published: May 2017

The present study describes a clinical trial in which Spanish patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease (Fontaine stage II) were given specific lipid supplements. Designed as a longitudinal intervention study, patients were provided with olive oil for 3 months, followed by a 3 month wash-out period, then supplemented with a combination of fish oil and olive oil for the final 3 months. Changes in plasma and lipoprotein fatty acid composition and susceptibility of LDL toin vitrooxidation were examined. Furthermore, lipid-supplement-induced changes in LDL properties were measured as relative electrophoretic mobility and macrophage uptake. In addition, thirteen patients not provided with olive oil and fish oil were included as a control group and twenty healthy age-matched individuals were used as a reference group. A complete clinical study and a nutritional survey concerning food habits and lifestyle were performed every 3 months. Yao indices and claudicometry did not change significantly with dietary intervention although changes in plasma lipid composition suggested an improvement in the condition of the patients. The intake of the fish-oil supplement resulted in significantly increased plasma levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n−3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n−3) in comparison with baseline concentrations, olive-oil and control groups. Fish-oil consumption significantly decreased plasma triacylglycerol levels compared with the olive-oil period, control and reference groups. The susceptibility of LDL to Cu-mediated oxidation was lower in the patients consuming olive oil and the fish-oil supplement than in the control group, and the uptake of LDL by macrophages was significantly lower in the group supplemented with fish oil. In conclusion, consumption of olive oil together with a dietary supplement of fish oil may be useful in the nutritional management of patients suffering from peripheral vascular disease in terms of increasing plasman−3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreasing susceptibility of LDL to oxidation.
Wh-questions in child bilingual acquisition of French: Derivational complexity and cross-linguistic influence
Authors: Strik Nelleke
Published: May 2017

This study investigates the development ofwh-questions in French in a group of bilingual French-Dutch children. Fifteen children (aged 4 to 8, mean age 6;03, first exposure to French under age 4 for most of the children) participated in an elicited production task. Their results were compared to those of 4-year-old and 6-year-old monolingual children from a previous study. In order to examine possible influence from Dutch, two main hypotheses with contrasting predictions are proposed: structural overlap and derivational complexity. The results show that the bilingual children exhibited the same developmental course forwh-questions as their monolingual peers. The majority of responses involvedwh-fronting without inversion, whereaswh-fronting with inversion, the only possible structure in Dutch, was not frequent. Therefore, the results do not provide clear evidence for influence from Dutch. Instead, they confirm that derivational complexity constrains the development ofwh-questions in French.
Emerson and the Problem of Evil: Paradox and Solution
Authors: Thundyil Zacharias
Published: May 2017

The problem of evil has always been a great enigma. But there is something even more enigmatic about Emerson's handling of the problem. Critics have found that in the writings of Emerson this becomes an enigma shrouded in a mystery. We shall first sum up the important critical opinions about the Emersonian solution of this problem, then elucidate his theory of evil, and finally demonstrate how he overcomes the antinomy between the philosophical problem of evil and the personal problem of evil.
The distribution of digenean metacercariae within bream (Abramis brama) gill apparatus: preferences, co-occurrence and interactions of parasites
Authors: Zolovs M. , Kanto J. , Jakubāne I.
Published: May 2017

Species-specific microenvironmental preferences and interactions between parasite species have been the focus of many ecological studies. Here, we studied the distribution of ectoparasite species within the gill apparatus of bream (Abramis brama) from Lake Lubāns (Latvia) to establish whether digenean metacercariae: (1) prefer specific patches within the gill apparatus; (2) co-occur in the same patches with monogeneans and copepods within a host individual; and (3) interact with monogeneans and copepods. We recorded all parasites on gill arches of the same host species and used null models to analyse co-occurrences of digenean metacercariae, monogeneans and copepods. Zero-inflated mixture models were used to define the preferred patches of parasites. We found that digenean metacercariae (Bucephalus polymorphus) prefer specific patches of the gill apparatus to encyst, and shared these preferences with monogeneans and copepods, but did not interact with them. We concluded that digenean metacercariae have a species-specific microenvironmental preference to encyst in the gill apparatus and their occurrence (even in high numbers) does not reduce the success of attachment of monogeneans and copepods in the same gill patches.
A biopsychosocial evaluation of the risk for suicide in schizophrenia
Authors: Hettige Nuwan C. , Bani-Fatemi Ali , Sakinofsky Isaac , De Luca Vincenzo
Published: May 2017

The risk of suicide is greatly increased in individuals with schizophrenia. Previous research has identified several potential risk factors for suicidal behavior in schizophrenia, although their ability to independently predict suicide is limited. The objective of this review was to systematically analyze and identify the interaction between the proposed risk factors in the literature that may predict suicidal behavior in schizophrenia. Articles that explored suicidal behavior and suicide risk in schizophrenia that were published between 1980 and August of 2015, indexed in PubMed, MEDLINE, and Scopus were systematically reviewed. Many studies proposed a range of biopsychosocial risk factors that may independently lead to suicide in schizophrenia. These risk factors appear to be mainly related to stress, a history of suicidal behavior, and psychotic symptoms. It is clear, however, that many of these factors do not act independently and in fact require the reciprocal interaction of several of them to pose a risk for suicide in schizophrenia. Independently, the power of many risk factors to predict suicide is limited. Future studies should continue to adopt a multidimensional approach by considering the interaction of several factors in assessing the risk for suicide in schizophrenia.
A Comparison of Personality, Life Events, Comorbidity, and Health in Monozygotic Twins Discordant for Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Thornton Laura M. , Trace Sara E. , Brownley Kimberly A. , Ålgars Monica , Mazzeo Suzanne E. , Bergin Jocilyn E. , Maxwell Millie , Lichtenstein Paul , Pedersen Nancy L. , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: May 2017

Genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN). The co-twin control design is one of the most powerful methods available to evaluate environmental factors that could contribute to differences between monozygotic (MZ) twins who are discordant for AN. Using available data from a unique and rare sample of 22 Swedish female MZ pairs discordant for AN, we compared personality, life events, comorbidity, and health factors. Twins with AN had significantly higher perfectionism scores than unaffected co-twins and reported younger ages at first diet than unaffected co-twins who had dieted. Consistent with previous literature, more twins with AN reported gastrointestinal problems than unaffected co-twins. Although not significant due to low statistical power, more unaffected co-twins reported experiencing emotional neglect than twins with AN. Early dieting may be a harbinger of the development of AN or an early symptom. Higher perfectionism may represent a risk factor, sequela, or both. Sibling perception of neglect is noteworthy given the impact of an ill child with AN on family function and wellbeing. The health and wellbeing of siblings should be addressed clinically when one child in the family suffers from AN.
Target-Site Resistance to Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl in Keng Stiffgrass (Sclerochloa kengiana) from China
Authors: Gao Haitao , Yu Jiaxing , Pan Lang , Wu Xibao , Dong Liyao
Published: May 2017

Keng stiffgrass is a serious farmland grass weed distributed globally in winter wheat fields and rice–wheat double-cropping areas. The intensive use of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides has led to the evolution of resistance in a growing number of grass weeds. In this study, whole-plant pot bioassay experiments were conducted to establish that a Keng stiffgrass population from eastern China, JYJD-2, has evolved high-level resistance to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl and moderate resistance to quizalofop-P-ethyl and pinoxaden. Using the derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence method, a tryptophan-to-cysteine mutation at codon position 1999 (W1999C) was detected in the ACCase gene of the resistant population JYJD-2. Of the 100 JYJD-2 plants tested, we found 47 heterozygous resistant and 53 homozygous sensitive individuals. In vitro ACCase assays revealed that the IC50value of the ACCase activity of the resistant population JYJD-2 was 6.48-fold higher than that of the susceptible population JYJD-1. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of W1999C mutation in the ACCase gene of fenoxaprop-P-ethyl–resistant Keng stiffgrass. This study confirmed the resistance of Keng stiffgrass to the ACCase inhibitor fenoxaprop-P-ethyl, cross-resistance to other ACCase inhibitors, and the resistance being conferred by specific ACCase point mutations at amino acid position 1999.
Going Paperless – wo stehen wir? Daten aus der Work-Force-Studie 2015
Authors: Hantke Frederik , Zeller Andreas
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die elektronische Krankengeschichte (eKG) ist Thema im Rahmen der Einführung des elektronischen Patientendossiers ab 2017. Um die aktuelle Nutzung elektronischer Krankendaten unter Schweizer Hausärzten zu analysieren, untersuchten wir die Daten der Work-Force-Studie 2015 bezüglich Nutzung elektronischer, Papier- oder gemischter (Papier- und elektronischer) Patientendatenverwaltung. 39 % der Teilnehmer nutzten eine eKG gegenüber 34 % Papier-KG bzw. 27 % gemischter KG. In der Deutschschweiz (44 %) werden eKGs signifikant häufiger genutzt als in den Französisch und Italienisch sprechenden Landesteilen (30 bzw. 12 %). Gerade jüngere und in Gruppenpraxen tätige Hausärzte arbeiteten vermehrt elektronisch. Nutzer der eKG gaben an, mehr Zeit in Forschung und Fortbildungen zu investieren. Wir diskutieren die Ergebnisse in Hinsicht auf die Herausforderungen an die hausärztliche Versorgung in Zeiten des demografischen Wandels.
Ground Surveys Reveal Space Weather Risk to Spain’s Power Grid
Authors: Zastrow Mark
Published: May 2017

A survey of bedrock conductivity across Spain improves predictions of how vulnerable the nation’s power grid is to solar storms.
Induction of resident memory T cells enhances the efficacy of cancer vaccine
Authors: Nizard Mevyn , Roussel Hélène , Diniz Mariana O. , Karaki Soumaya , Tran Thi , Voron Thibault , Dransart Estelle , Sandoval Federico , Riquet Marc , Rance Bastien , Marcheteau Elie , Fabre Elizabeth , Mandavit Marion , Terme Magali , Blanc Charlotte , Escudie Jean-Baptiste , Gibault Laure , Barthes Françoise Le Pimpec , Granier Clemence , Ferreira Luis C. S. , Badoual Cecile , Johannes Ludger , Tartour Eric
Published: May 2017

Tissue-resident memory T cells (Trm) represent a new subset of long-lived memory T cells that remain in tissue and do not recirculate. Although they are considered as early immune effectors in infectious diseases, their role in cancer immunosurveillance remains unknown. In a preclinical model of head and neck cancer, we show that intranasal vaccination with a mucosal vector, the B subunit of Shiga toxin, induces local Trm and inhibits tumour growth. As Trm do not recirculate, we demonstrate their crucial role in the efficacy of cancer vaccine with parabiosis experiments. Blockade of TFGβ decreases the induction of Trm after mucosal vaccine immunization, resulting in the lower efficacy of cancer vaccine. In order to extrapolate this role of Trm in humans, we show that the number of Trm correlates with a better overall survival in lung cancer in multivariate analysis. The induction of Trm may represent a new surrogate biomarker for the efficacy of cancer vaccine. This study also argues for the development of vaccine strategies designed to elicit them.
Magnetic-field induced multiple topological phases in pyrochlore iridates with Mott criticality
Authors: Ueda Kentaro , Oh Taekoo , Yang Bohm-Jung , Kaneko Ryoma , Fujioka Jun , Nagaosa Naoto , Tokura Yoshinori
Published: May 2017

The interplay between electron correlation and spin–orbit coupling in solids has been proven to be an abundant gold mine for emergent topological phases. Here we report the results of systematic magnetotransport study on bandwidth-controlled pyrochlore iridates R2Ir2O7 near quantum metal-insulator transition (MIT). The application of a magnetic field along [001] crystallographic direction (H//[001]) significantly decreases resistivity while producing a unique Hall response, which indicates the emergence of the novel semi-metallic state in the course of the magnetic transformation from all-in all-out (AIAO, 4/0) to 2-in 2-out (2/2) spin configuration. For H//[111] that favours 3-in 1-out (3/1) configuration, by contrast, the resistivity exhibits saturation at a relatively high value typical of a semimetal. The observed properties can be identified to reflect the emergence of multiple Weyl semimetal states with varying numbers of Weyl points and line nodes in respective spin configurations. With tuning effective bandwidth, all these states appear to concentrate around the quantum MIT region, which may open a promising venue for topological phenomena and functions.
A synthetic biochemistry platform for cell free production of monoterpenes from glucose
Authors: Korman Tyler P. , Opgenorth Paul H. , Bowie James U.
Published: May 2017

Cell-free systems designed to perform complex chemical conversions of biomass to biofuels or commodity chemicals are emerging as promising alternatives to the metabolic engineering of living cells. Here we design a system comprises 27 enzymes for the conversion of glucose into monoterpenes that generates both NAD(P)H and ATP in a modified glucose breakdown module and utilizes both cofactors for building terpenes. Different monoterpenes are produced in our system by changing the terpene synthase enzyme. The system is stable for the production of limonene, pinene and sabinene, and can operate continuously for at least 5 days from a single addition of glucose. We obtain conversion yields >95% and titres >15 g l−1. The titres are an order of magnitude over cellular toxicity limits and thus difficult to achieve using cell-based systems. Overall, these results highlight the potential of synthetic biochemistry approaches for producing bio-based chemicals.