bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Civilian gunshot wounds to the head: a case report, clinical management, and literature review
Authors: Qi Haoyi , Li Kunzheng
Published: November 2020

Background: Civilian gunshot wounds to the head refer to brain injury caused by projectiles such as gun projectiles and various fragments generated by explosives in a power launch or explosion. Gunshot wounds to the head are the deadliest of all gun injuries. According to literature statistics, the survival rate of patients with gunshot wounds to the head is only 9%. Due to the strict management of various types of firearms, they rarely occur, so the injury mechanism, injury and trauma analysis, clinical management, and surgical standards are almost entirely based on military experience, and there are few related reports, especially of the head, in which an individual suffered a fatal blow more than once in a short time. We report a case with a return to almost complete recovery despite the patient suffering two gunshot injuries to the head in a short period of time.Case Presentations: We present a case of a 53-year old man who suffered two gunshot injuries to the head under unknown circumstances. On initial presentation, the patient had a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 6, was unable to communicate, and had loss of consciousness. The first bullet penetrated the right frontal area and finally reached the right occipital lobe. When the patient reflexively shielded his head with his hand, the second bullet passed through the patient's right palm bone, entered the right frontotemporal area, and came to rest deep in the lateral sulcus. The patient had a cerebral hernia when he was admitted to the hospital and immediately entered the operating room for rescue after a computed tomography scan. After two foreign body removals and skull repair, the patient recovered completely.Conclusions: Gunshot wounds to the head have a high mortality rate and usually require aggressive management. Evaluation of most gunshot injuries requires extremely fast imaging examination upon arrival at the hospital, followed by proactive treatment against infection, seizure, and increased intracranial pressure. Surgical intervention is usually necessary, and its key points include the timing, method, and scope of the operation.
Comparison of Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification and conventional PCR for Diagnosis of common Brucella species
Authors: Moeini-Zanjani Ali , Pournajaf Abazar , Ferdosi-Shahandashti Elaheh , Gholami Mehrdad , Masjedian Faramarz , Khafri Soraya , Rajabnia Ramazan
Published: November 2020

Objective: Rapid, reliable, and affordable detection of Brucella species via the molecular methods remains a challenge. In recent years, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a functional nucleic acid amplification technique offering a substitute to polymerase chain reaction (PCR). So, we compared the LAMP assay with the conventional PCR for the identification of common Brucella species in Iran. In this study, LAMP assay was comprehensively evaluated against the common PCR method. A group of specific LAMP primers were used to amplify a highly specific fragment from the sequence of the Brucella abortus bcsp31 gene. Sensitivity and specificity values of tests were done with a set of 78 (50 Brucella and 28 non-Brucella) strains.Results: A dilution series of Brucella abortus DNA indicated that the LAMP reaction could reliably detect 10 (fg/µl) DNA target copies per reaction within 36 minute, which is 10 times greater than the PCR assay. In summary, we conclude that LAMP assay provide accurate and fast test results to identify of common Brucella species in low-complexity labs, mainly in low and lower middle income countries.
Does substrate colour affect the visual appearance of gilded medieval sculptures? Part I: Colorimetry and interferometric microscopy of gilded models
Authors: Wu Qing , Hauldenschild Meret , Rösner Benedikt , Lombardo Tiziana , Schmidt-Ott Katharina , Watts Benjamin , Nolting Frithjof , Ganz David
Published: November 2020

In the history of medieval gilding, a common view has been circulated for centuries that the substrate colour can influence the visual appearance of a gilded surface. In order to fully understand the correlation between the gilding substrate and the colour appearance of the gold leaf laid above, in this paper (Part I) analytical techniques such as colorimetry and interferometric microscopy are implemented on models made from modern gold leaves. This study demonstrates that the substrate colour is not perceptible for gold leaf of at least 100 nm thickness, however the surface burnishing can greatly alter the visual appearance of a gold surface, and the quality of the burnishing is dependent on the substrate materials. Additionally, surface roughness and texture of the substrate can play supplementary roles, which can be visually observed through digital microscopy and quantified through interferometric microscopy. The findings in this paper will form the basis for the study of gold leaf samples taken from medieval European gilded sculptures in Part II.
The role of knee arthroscopy in managing common soft-tissue complications after total knee arthroplasty: a retrospective case series study.
Authors: Hou Yunfei , Gao Jiaxiang , Chen Jian , Lin Jianhao , Ni Lei , Sun Tiezheng , Jiang Jun
Published: November 2020

Background: To investigate the feasibility, safety and therapeutic efficacy of arthroscopy in managing the 3 most common soft-tissue complications, peripatellar impingement (PI), arthrofibrosis (AF) and generalized synovitis (GS), after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: A retrospective review of patients undertaking arthroscopy for PI, AF and GS was conducted. Outcome measures included complications, postoperative range of motion (ROM), Knee Society Score (KSS), and rates of symptom recurrence, prosthesis revision. Intraoperative findings and surgical procedures were also recorded. Paired t test, Fisher’s exact test, Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction were used for statistical evaluation.Results: A total of 74 patients, including 35 patients with peripatellar impingement, 25 patients with arthrofibrosis and 14 patients with generalized synovitis, with a mean age of 66.1±7.9 years, were analysed. The mean follow-up (FU) duration was 81.3±40.6 months. All patients underwent arthroscopic surgery safely without intraoperative complications. However, there were 4 postoperative complications, including 1 acute myocardial infarction and 3 periprosthetic joint infections. Overall, patients acquired improvements in ROM from 81.7±23.1° to 96.8±20.5° (p <0.05), in KSS knee score from 64.2±9.6 to 78.7±12.1 (p <0.05), and in KSS function score from 61.1±7.4 to 77.3±12.2 (p <0.05) postoperatively. Patients in all 3 groups had improvements in ROM (p <0.05), KSS knee score (p <0.05) and KSS function score (p <0.05). The overall recurrence rate was 22.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) 15.1%-34.9%), and the overall revision rate was 14.9% (95% CI 8.6%-25.6%). There were significant differences in both the symptom recurrence and prosthesis revision rates among the groups (p<0.05). The PI group had a significantly lower symptom recurrence rate (11.4%, 95% CI 4.5%-28.7%) and revision rate (8.6%, 95% CI 2.9%-25.3%) (p <0.017), while the GS group had a significantly higher recurrence rate (42.9%, 95% CI 23.4%-78.5%) and revision rate (35.7%, 95% CI 17.6%-72.1%) (p <0.017). Conclusions: In the setting of symptomatic TKA, although carrying certain risks for PJI and other complications, arthroscopic intervention could be feasible and provide clinical improvement in most cases at an average of 81.3 months follow-up. Patients with PI had the best outcomes, while patients with GS had the worst outcomes.Level of evidence: Level IV
A Retrospective Review of Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Functional Outcome and the Incidence of Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Tear in Spontaneous Osteonecrosis of the Knee
Authors: WU PO-JU , Lin TsungYu , Lu Yung Chang
Published: November 2020

Background:Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee (SONK) can lead to severe knee osteoarthritis predominantly localized to the medial compartment. We aimed to determine whether unicompartmental knee arthroplasty was an effective treatment for primary SONK.Methods:We analyzed the functional outcomes in 23 patients with SONK (with a magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]-confirmed diagnosis) who underwent UKA at a single center. The mean follow-up time was 67 months post-UKA.Results:Significant improvements in function were indicated by reduced Oxford Knee and Visual Analogue Scale scores after UKA, and there were no specific complications after the procedures. The incidence of MRI-identified medial meniscus posterior root tear (MMPRT) was 69.6% (16/23).Conclusion:Unicompartmental arthroplasty for SONK is less destructive to the native knee structure than total knee arthroplasty, but can achieve comparable prognosis with strict patient selection. While the precise etiology of SONK is unknown, one theory posits that a MMPRT may change the biomechanical circumstances of the knee joint, leading to osteonecrosis. Although not confirmatory, the high prevalence rate suggests that MMPRT may have a key role in the development of SONK. UKA is an effective treatment option for SONK, resulting in significant functional improvement. Long-term (>10 years) outcomes should be investigated.
A single resistance factor to solve vineyard degeneration due to grapevine fanleaf virus
Authors: Djennane Samia , Prado Emilce , Dumas Vincent , Demangeat Gérard , Gersch Sophie , Alais Anne , Gertz Claude , Beuve Monique , Lemaire Olivier , Merdinoglu Didier
Published: November 2020

Grapevine fanleaf disease, caused by grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), transmitted by the soil-borne nematode Xiphinema index, provokes severe symptoms and economic losses, threatening vineyards worldwide. As no effective solution exists so far to control grapevine fanleaf disease in an environmentally friendly way, we investigated the presence of resistance to GFLV in grapevine genetic resources. We discovered that the Riesling variety displays resistance to GFLV, although it is susceptible to X. index. This resistance is determined by a single recessive factor located on grapevine chromosome 1, which we have named rgflv1. The discovery of rgflv1 paves the way for the first effective and environmentally friendly solution to control grapevine fanleaf disease through the development of new GFLV-resistant grapevine rootstocks, which was hitherto an unthinkable prospect. Moreover, rgflv1 is putatively distinct from the virus susceptibility factors already described in plants.
Actuation of synthetic cells with proton gradients generated by light-harvesting E. coli
Authors: Jahnke Kevin , Ritzmann Noah , Fichtler Julius , Nitschke Anna , Dreher Yannik , Abele Tobias , Hofhaus Götz , Platzman Ilia , Schröder Rasmus , Muller Daniel , Spatz Joachim , Göpfrich Kerstin
Published: November 2020

Bottom-up and top-down approaches to synthetic biology each employ distinct methodologies with the common aim to harness new types of living systems. Both approaches, however, face their own challenges towards biotechnological and biomedical applications. Here, we realize a strategic merger to convert light into proton gradients for the actuation of synthetic cellular systems. We genetically engineer E. coli to overexpress the light-driven inward-directed proton pump xenorhodopsin and encapsulate them as organelle mimics in artificial cell-sized compartments. Exposing the compartments to light-dark cycles, we can reversibly switch the pH by almost one pH unit and employ these pH gradients to trigger the attachment of DNA structures to the compartment periphery. For this purpose, a DNA triplex motif serves as a nanomechanical switch responding to the pH-trigger of the E. coli. By attaching a polymerized DNA origami plate to the DNA triplex motif, we obtain a cytoskeleton mimic that considerably deforms lipid vesicles in a pH-responsive manner. We foresee that the combination of bottom-up and top down approaches is an efficient way to engineer synthetic cells as potent microreactors.
A Hybrid Computational Framework for Intelligent Inter-continent SARS-CoV-2 Sub-strains Characterization and Prediction
Authors: Ekpenyong Moses , Edoho Mercy , Inyang Udoinyang , Uzoka Faith-Michael , Ekaidem Itemobong , Moses Anietie , Emeje Martins , Tatfeng Youtchou , Udo Ifiok , Anwana Enoabasi , Etim Oboso , Joseph Geoffery , Dan Emmanuel
Published: November 2020

Whereas accelerated attention beclouded early stages of the coronavirus spread, knowledge of actual pathogenicity and origin of possible sub-strains remained unclear. By harvesting the Global initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database (https://www.gisaid.org/), between December 2019 and August 20, 2020, a total of 157 human SARS-CoV-2 (complete) genome sequences processed by gender, across 6 continents of the world, were analyzed. We hypothesized that data speaks for itself and can discern true and explainable patterns of the disease. Identical genome diversity and pattern correlates analysis performed using a hybrid of biotechnology and machine learning methods corroborate multiple emergence of SARS-CoV-2 sub-strains and explained the diversity of the SARS-CoV-2. Interestingly, some viral sub-strains progressively transformed into new sub-strain clusters indicating varying amino acid and strong nucleotide association derived from same origin. A novel approach to cognitive knowledge mining from enriched genome datasets and output targets labeling, helped intelligent prediction of emerging or new viral sub-strains.
Measurement of Neutrino's Magnetic Monopole Charge, Vacuum Energy and Cause of Quantum Mechanical Uncertainty
Authors: Jeong Eue Jin , Edmondson Dennis
Published: November 2020

Charge conservation in the theory of elementary particle physics is one of the best-established principles in physics. As such, if there are magnetic monopoles in the universe, the magnetic charge will most likely be a conserved quantity like electric charges. If neutrinos are magnetic monopoles, as physicists have speculated the possibility, then neutrons must also have a magnetic monopole charge, and the Earth should show signs of having a magnetic monopole charge on a macroscopic scale. To test this hypothesis, experiments were performed to detect the magnetic monopole's effect near the equator by measuring the Earth's radial magnetic force using two balanced high strength neodymium rods magnets that successfully identified the magnetic monopole charge. From this observation, we conclude that at least the electron neutrino which is a byproduct of weak decay of the neutron must be magnetic monopole. We present mathematical expressions for the vacuum electric field based on the findings and discuss various physical consequences related to the symmetry in Maxwell's equations, the origin of quantum mechanical uncertainty, the medium for electromagnetic wave propagation in space, and the logistic distribution of the massive number of magnetic monopoles in the universe. We elaborate on how these seemingly unrelated mysteries in physics are intimately intertwined together around magnetic monopoles.
Statistical Joint Modeling on Longitudinal Body Weight and CD4 Cell Progression with Survival Time-To-Death Predictors on HIV/AIDS Patients in Mekelle General Hospital, Ethiopia
Authors: MeleseChekole Dessie , Gebrerufael Geberu , Asfaw Zeytu
Published: November 2020

Background: This study assessed the impact of repeated biomarker measurements of statistical joint modeling on survival time-to-death and determines potential predictors of HIV/AIDS patients on ART in Mekelle General Hospital Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among HIV/AIDS patients who were under ART follow-up during September 11, 2013 - September 5, 2016 at Mekelle General Hospital, Ethiopia. Results: The relationship between the two biomarkers CD4 cell and body weight with risk for survival time-to-death were statistical insignificant.Thus, death is less probable to occur in HIV/AIDS patients with higher value of CD4 cell count andbody weight progression. In event process the sub-model, Baseline CD4, Fair andGood Adherence, HIV/TB (yes) and Sex (male) were significant factors of risk to short survival Time-to-Death on HIV/AIDS patients. In the 1st longitudinal process sub-model, Baseline CD4, Ambulatory functional status, HIV/TB (yes), Time*Ambulatory functional status, Time*Working functional status and Time*Baseline CD4 were the significant factors of Bcount progression. Moreover, In 2nd longitudinal process sub-model, visit Time of follow-up, Age, Sex (male), Baseline weight, Time*Ambulatory and Time*Working functional status were the significant factors of log 10(body weight) progression.Conclusion: Both governmental and non-governmental stakeholders should pay special attention for HIV positive adults, especially for those who had developed HIV/TB, male, bedridden functional status, poor adherence and lower Baseline CD4 cell count progression so that mortality due to HIV/AIDS optimally reduced.
Comparative Observation of Two Types of Limb Salvage Surgery on Limb Function and Quality of Life in Patients With Knee Joint Osteosarcoma
Authors: Hou Zi-Wei , Bai Wen-Zhe , Xu Ming , Zheng Kai , Yu Xiuchun
Published: November 2020

BackgroundWe compared the effects of two surgical procedures on limb function and quality of life in patients with osteosarcoma in the knee.MethodsThis retrospective study evaluated the postoperative outcomes of patients treated with JPLS and JPRS for osteosarcoma around the knee between November 2000 and December 2019. All patients were followed up for at least one year. Patients' lower extremity function, knee function, and quality of life were evaluated during follow-up using the MSTS score, IKDC score, and SF-36 score.ResultsAll 38 patients received a successful operation, and all incisions healed in one stage after surgery. At 12 months after the operation, the MSTS score in the prosthetic-replacement group (22.79±5.22) was lower than that in the joint-preservation group (27.05±1.62)(P=0.002). The IKDC score was lower in the prosthetic-replacement group (59.89±11.22) than in the joint-preservation group (76.84±9.42)( P <0.001). After 12 months, the SF-36 scores of physiological and social function in the joint-preserving group were higher than those in the prosthetic-replacement group (P <0.05), and there were no significant differences among the other indexes (P >0.05). Comparing the distribution of each item in the MSTS and IKDC scoring criteria between the joint-preservation and the prosthetic-replacement group revealed that the limb function, pain, satisfaction, support assistance, and the walking and gait of the joint preservation group were superior to those of the prosthetic-replacement group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in knee flexion between the two groups (P > 0.05). However, the joint preservation group was superior to the prosthesis replacement group in terms of pain, swelling, twisting, softening of the leg, movement downstairs, sitting up from a chair, kneeling, squatting, running straight forward, jumping up with the injured leg and landing, and quickly stopping or starting (P < 0.05).ConclusionCompared with joint-prosthesis replacement surgery, joint-preservation limb salvage leads to better joint function and quality of life. To improve the limb function and quality of life of patients with long-term survival osteosarcoma, joint-preservation limb salvage should be carried out according to the principles of Operation Indication, neoadjuvant and effective chemotherapy.
Mechanical Thinning of Mandarins with a Branch Shaker
Authors: Ortiz Coral , Torregrosa Antonio , Ortí Enrique , Balasch Sebastià
Published: November 2020

Thinning is the process of removing some flowers or fruit to increase fruit size at harvest. In the Valencia region of Spain, the thinning operation for citrus fruit (Citreae) is performed for some mandarin varieties. This is always performed manually; however, this method is very expensive. The goal of this research study was to assess the mechanical thinning of mandarin (Citrus reticulata) using a hand-held branch shaker. Different thinning treatments were conducted over a 3-year period. The gasoline-powered branch shaker was capable of detaching fruit four- to five-times faster than manual thinning. Final fruit size was significantly higher using manual and mechanical thinning compared with a no thinning treatment. Similar final fruit size was obtained with manual and mechanical thinning. However, no significant differences were found in final fruit yield by weight among no thinning, mechanical thinning, and manual thinning treatments. The use of a branch shaker could be recommended for thinning operations to increase efficiency, reduce labor costs, and obtain larger and higher-quality fruit.
Plant health evaluations of Belonolaimus longicaudatus and Meloidogyne incognita colonized bermudagrass using remote sensing
Authors: Groover Will L. , Lawrence Kathy S.
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of an unmanned aerial system (UAS) equipped with a multispectral sensor to track plant health in the presence of plant-parasitic nematodes in conjunction with nematicide applications. Four nematicides were evaluated for their ability to suppress Belonolaimus longicaudatus and Meloidogyne incognita in microplots, and three nematicides were evaluated on a golf course for their ability to suppress multiple plant-parasitic nematode genera. Visual ratings, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and Normalized Difference RedEdge Index (NDRE) were reported throughout the trial to assess plant health. B. longicaudatus and M. incognita population density was significantly lowered by nematicide treatments in microplots and correlated with visual ratings, NDVI, and NDRE plant health ratings. On the golf course, all nematicides reduced total plant-parasitic nematode population density at 28, 56, and 84 days after treatment (DAT). Visual turf quality ratings, NDVI, and NDRE were positively correlated with lower nematode population density in the majority of evaluation dates. In the microplot and golf course settings, the parameters evaluated for plant health were correlated with plant-parasitic nematode population density: visual ratings, NDVI, and NDRE improved as nematode population density declined. These results show that remote sensing has the potential to be a beneficial tool for assessing plant-parasitic nematode infected bermudagrass.
Morphological and molecular characterizations of Heterodera oryzae in Korea
Authors: Mwesige Rose , Kim Eun-Hwa , Park Eun-Hyung , Ko Hyoung-Rai
Published: November 2020

Rice is one of the most important staple grains in Korea and the largest starch source in addition to its usefulness in the production of beverages. Under different areas and environments of production, various pests and diseases including soil-borne plant pathogens such as plant-parasitic nematodes can compromise rice productivity. In a survey to identify plant parasitic nematodes on rice, cyst nematodes were encountered in rice fields that required characterization and identification. Phylogenetic analysis of the LSU D2-D3 region and ITS region could not separate the studied species from Heterodera elachista. However, phylogenetic analysis of the COI gene of the mitochondrial DNA clearly separated H. elachista from the new species into two different clusters. Combining morphology and molecular diagnostics, the species was identified as Heterodera oryzae belonging to the ‘Cyperi’ group whose cysts are characterized by vulval cones that are ambifenestrate, underbridge present with bullae. Second-stage juveniles have three incisors in the lateral field with long tails and long hyaline region.
Noble Gas Thermochronology of Extraterrestrial Materials
Authors: Tremblay Marissa M. , Cassata William S.
Published: November 2020

Rocks from extraterrestrial bodies in the Solar System are influenced by thermal processes occurring within planetary interiors and on their surfaces. These range from the extremely hot and brief, in the case of impact events, to the comparatively cool and protracted, in the case of solar irradiation of rocks residing in regoliths for millions to billions of years. Noble gas thermochronology applied to meteorites and extraterrestrial materials returned by space missions enables us to decipher the histories of these materials and thereby understand fundamental aspects of the evolution of terrestrial planetary bodies, including the Moon, Mars, and asteroids.
Lazed and Diffused: Untangling Noble Gas Thermochronometry Data for Exhumation Rates
Authors: Fox Matthew , Shuster David L.
Published: November 2020

Thermochronometric data can record the thermal history of rocks as they cool from high temperatures at depth to lower temperatures at the surface. This provides a unique perspective on the tectonic processes that form topography and the erosional processes that destroy it. However, quantitatively interpreting such data is a challenge because multiple models can do an equally good job at reproducing the data. In this article, we describe how inverse modeling can be used to improve quantitative interpretations of noble gas thermochronometric data on a variety of scales, ranging from mountain belts to individual mineral grains.
Trabalho, Reprodução Material e Formação dos Preços no Desenvolvimento Capitalista
Authors: Silva Neto Benedito
Published: November 2020

Neste artigo é desenvolvida uma abordagem das relações entre a formação dos preços e o desenvolvimento capitalista cujo ponto de partida é o processo de trabalho em sua articulação com a reprodução material da sociedade. Metodologicamente, isto se expressa pela consideração da agregação monetária de valor baseada no tempo de trabalho como o processo básico da formação dos preços, de acordo com a teoria do valor de Marx. A partir da demonstração de que o valor agregado é a categoria econômica que permite analisar a articulação do processo de trabalho com a reprodução material da sociedade, neste artigo foi também demonstrado que tal reprodução pode ser caracterizada como um processo em que riquezas, valores e preços, embora sujeitos à luta de classes, determinam-se reciprocamente ao longo do tempo. Neste processo foi evidenciado que uma equalização estável das taxas de lucro dificilmente pode ocorrer. Ao contrário, a adoção da taxa de lucro como critério microeconômico de decisão sobre a qual se baseia a sua contínua equalização, assim como o distanciamento do valor agregado em relação ao equivalente monetário do tempo de trabalho provocado pelo processo global de equalização das taxas de lucro, têm como consequência uma ineficiência alocativa que se mostra inerente ao capitalismo. A produção capitalista, assim, ao ser determinada pela dinâmica da própria acumulação do capital coloca-se em contradição com as necessidades sociais. Pelos seus efeitos perturbadores sobre a reprodução material da sociedade, tal contradição pode ser considerada como uma das causas fundamentais do caráter desigual do desenvolvimento capitalista.
Organizational Practices in the Constitution of the Right to Culture and to the City: Understanding the Struggle for the Rights of a Cultural Organization in Goiás City, Brazil
Authors: Camargo Lara Rezende Ferreira , Oliveira Josiane Silva de , Mendes Euna Cristina Lima , Gomes Thayane Ramos , Bernardo Gisele
Published: November 2020

The objective of this paper is to discuss how the organizational practices in the field of culture constitute the development, promotion and access to rights to culture and to the city in Goiás city, Goiás, Brazil. We bring the theories of the field of Studies Based on Practices (SBP) closer to the Law in order to understand the non-institutionalized legal phenomena of the organizational processes. From a multi-sited ethnography carried out in the Historic Center of the city of Goiás, Goiás, a place classified as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO between August 2014 and December 2015, we highlight the processes by which organizational practices, as producers of spaces in cities, constitute Rights when recognizing or neglecting the occupation of the urban space by certain social groups. We emphasize how the analysis of organizational processes can contribute to a debate on Rights from a perspective of legal pluralism from the daily life of cities and highlighting the relevance of understanding the occupations of urban spaces as a way of reconfiguring relations between the State and civil society.
Companies Participation in Developing Sustainability in Local Communities: a Literature Review
Authors: Franco Luciane Silva , Soares Simone , Doliveira Sérgio Luis Dias , Santos Edicreia Andrade dos
Published: November 2020

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in recent years has received significant interest from several researchers who have revealed the results of CSR disclosure in relation to organizational performance around the world. The purpose of our study was to assess the engagement of organizations and the impact on the development sustainability in local community. However, we performed a systematic review applying the Methodi Ordinatio, using the Scopus and Web of Science databases, which resulted in the complete analysis of 28 articles. Among the results obtained, the importance of the relationship between organization and stakeholders, especially community involvement, is emphasized. Evaluation using the stakeholder approach will not only create a holistic assessment of the process, but will also help promote a sense of ownership of the community engagement program. We conclude that business-community engagement brings benefits to both parties and contributes to community development.
Keywords: stakeholders, sustainability, community, engagement.
Elementos Emancipatórios na Pobreza Multidimensional: A Gestão dos Ativos Intangíveis e do Capital Social
Authors: Fraga Marinette Santana , Ferreira Cláudia Aparecida Avelar , Teodósio Armindo Dos Santos de Sousa
Published: November 2020

O estudo objetiva uma visão da pobreza em uma perspectiva emancipatória que possibilita problematizar as concepções de pobreza multidimensional com cerne no discernimento e gestão de ativos intangíveis e capital social. Para tal finalidade, realizou-se uma revisão da literatura narrativa no desenvolvimento deste ensaio teórico, tendo como recorte a pobreza, os capitais e os ativos intangíveis. O conteúdo contribui com a visão multidimensional ­­da pobreza, para a qual essa situação não se baseia somente na escassez da renda, indo além do preconizado na teoria econômica tradicional. Os fundamentos teóricos perpassam pelas abordagens sociológicas de Sen (2000) e de Bourdieu (1986). O resultado indica que as dimensões relacionais não são apercebidas e aplicadas no campo da Administração, visto que trabalham com o capital social na vertente financeira e de investimentos. Existe uma lacuna a ser explorada que abrange as ambiguidades conceituais, entre elas, o conceito do capital social com enfoque econômico e financeiro que deixa à margem as relações sociais imersas nas origens e mutações dos capitais. Essa visão capitalista se contradiz com a sustentabilidade que se torna essencial aos estudos da pobreza, ou melhor, das pobrezas a serem estudadas pelo campo da Administração.
Efeito do Acesso aos Recursos no Desempenho da Empresa: Evidências para o Setor Metal-mecânico no Contexto de Aglomeração Territorial
Authors: Laimer Claudionor Guedes , Fortuna Adrieli Cecchin , Laimer Viviane Rossato
Published: November 2020

O acesso aos recursos são fatores fundamentais para melhorar o desempenho. Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar o efeito do acesso aos recursos no desempenho das empresas do setor metal-mecânico, em contexto de aglomeração territorial. Para tanto, realizou-se uma pesquisa quantitativa, do tipo descritiva, sendo realizada uma survey com 73 empresas do setor metal-mecânico. Na análise de dados utilizou-se a técnica de regressão linear múltipla. Os resultados demostram que os recursos físicos e organizacionais influenciam positivamente o desempenho, já os recursos financeiros e humanos não exercem influência sobre o desempenho das empresas.
Determinantes do Desempenho dos Participantes da Prova do Enem: Evidências para o Rio Grande Do Sul
Authors: Torres Ronaldo , Pereira Mateus Machado de , Bender Filho Reisoli , Lisbinski Fernanda Cigainski
Published: November 2020

O estudo da diferença do desempenho escolar entre a escola pública e a privada se mostra importante às políticas públicas, principalmente as que relacionam políticas sociais para o ingresso no ensino superior. Desta forma, o trabalho propõe-se a averiguar a ocorrência de diferenças entre os ensinos público e privado, no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, a partir do desempenho dos alunos no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio, no ano de 2017. Para isso aplicou-se a modelagem de regressão quantílica decomposta em quartis à distribuição condicional da proficiência. Os resultados se mostraram favoráveis ao desempenho dos alunos de escolas privadas, de forma crescente, para os quartis, e que possuem melhores condições socioeconômicas familiares como renda e mãe com formação no ensino superior. Evidências que demandam políticas públicas de equalização de possibilidades ao acesso ao ensino superior como forma de minimizar as crescentes desigualdades educacionais.
Gender Hatred in RuNet: Masculists and Radical Feminists
Authors: Krasikov Vladimir
Published: November 2020

Numerous non-political radical ideas that appeared in the digital space of the RuNet require a thorough theoretical analysis as potentially extremist. The present research featured views and activities of radical gender Internet communities. The research objective was to assess their potential threat to society. The study was based on both empirical and theoretical analyses. The author developed a set of criteria that made it possible to refer some Internet communities to "hate groups." He used a specially compiled thesaurus in search engines and social media search programs. The empirical information was structured and conceptualized. The novelty of the research lies in the criterial and typologizing analysis of a previously unexplored fragment of radical activity on the RuNet. The article introduces a set of categories and criteria for identifying radical non-political Internet communities. The author established the addresses of the Internet distribution of masculists and radical feminists, compared them, and assessed their potential threat to society. The results may be of interest to social scientists and government officials, as well as to specialists in security issues.
Chain of Causation: Omission Committed by the Obligor
Authors: Radov Vladislav
Published: November 2020

The article deals with theoretical and law-enforcement problems of establishing the chain of causation in crimes of omission committed by the obligor. The doctrine of criminal law developed an unambiguous philosophical understanding of causality within the framework of dialectical materialism. However, such scientists as Prof. V. B. Malinin and Prof. Z. B. Soktoev came to polar conclusions about the absence and presence of a causal relationship in cases of criminal omission. The author criticizes the so-called golden rule of causality in cases of omission and the comprehensive reason for omission. He believes that omission cannot be recognized as a condition of an antisocial result. The author uses the relativistic approach to causality to explain the relationship between the failure to fulfill one's professional or official duties and the resulting antisocial consequence. He proves the conditioning relationship in such situations and states the correlation of causation and condition, as well as the limits of understanding causality as an element of the objective aspect of a crime. Apparently, doctrinal controversies affect the law enforcement. The article introduces the latest judicial practice and positions of the courts on the legal content and legal consequences of establishing an indirect, indirect, and mediated causation chain. The category of causality cannot be used for the purposes of criminal law qualification due to the fact that law and natural science have a different understanding of causation. The research questions the significance of forensic medical examinations in cases of iatrogenic crimes in relation to the causal relationship and their assessment by the court. In this article, the issues of causality are considered only for such cases of omission that presuppose a failure to fulfill professional or official duties in a negligent crime. Therefore, the author does not claim to be exclusive of conclusions and proposals. As Academician V. N. Kudryavtsev said, the configuration of chain of causation depends on the corpus delicti or the type of crime.
Ti3C2/PVDF membrane for efficient seawater desalination based on interfacial solar heating
Authors: Peng Huan , Zhu Kehang , Li Chenxing , Xiao Yangyi , Ye Miaomiao
Published: November 2020

The photothermal material of Ti3C2 was synthesized by etching Ti3AlC2 with hydrofluoric acid. The as-prepared Ti3C2 was deposited on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane via vacuum filtration to form a Ti3C2/PVDF membrane, which was used for seawater desalination in the next step based on interfacial solar heating. The water evaporation rate of the Ti3C2/PVDF membrane could be enhanced to 0.98 kg/m2·h under 2 sun irradiance, which was 2.8 times and 5.4 times higher than that of pure water (0.35 kg/m2·h) and PVDF (0.18 kg/m2·h) respectively. The temperature difference between the two air–water interfaces with and without the Ti3C2/PVDF membrane was as high as 11.8 °C, confirming the interfacial heating behavior. The water evaporation rate under 2 sun irradiance kept mostly in the range of 0.96–0.86 kg/m2·h over 30 days under continuous operation, indicating the high stability of the Ti3C2/PVDF membrane. Finally, it was demonstrated that the typical water-quality indexes of the condensed fresh water were below the limit values of the Standards for Drinking Water Quality in China, WHO, and US EPA.
Superhydrophobic surface coating on electrospun polypropylene membrane to treat high salinity water in membrane distillation
Authors: Chin Jing Yi , Teoh Guang Hui , Ahmad Abdul Latif , Low Siew Chun
Published: November 2020

Membrane distillation (MD) is an advantageous separation process compared with pressure-driven technologies and was subsequently introduced to treat aquaculture wastewater. Harnessing a superhydrophobic membrane in an MD process is of extreme importance to prevent membrane wetting. In this work, the electrospun polypropylene (PP) membrane was surface modified by depositing an additional coating of PP via the solvent-exchange method, thereby improving the membrane's superhydrophobicity. Layer-by-layer deposition of PP caused the formation of uniform polymer spherulites on the membrane surface, which levelled up the membrane's surface roughness. A superhydrophobic surface was achieved by applying a single-layered PP coating, with static water contact angle of 152.2° and sliding angle of 12.5°. While all membranes achieved almost perfect salt rejection (up to 99.99%), the MD permeate flux improved by 30%, average of 13.0 kg/m2h, when the single-layered PP-coated membrane was used to treat the high salinity water in both 2 and 60 hr MD processes. Further layers of coating resulted in larger size of PP spherulites with higher sliding angle, followed by lowered flux in MD. The evenness of the surface coating and the size of the aggregate PP spherulites (nano-scaled) are two predominant factors contributing to the superhydrophobicity character of a membrane.
Radial artery occlusion after primary percutaneous coronary interventions performed using different radial approaches
Authors: Akhramovich R. , Semitko S. , Azarov A. , Melnichenko I. , Analeev A. , Chernyisheva I. , Tretyakov A. , Ioseliani D.
Published: November 2020

Aim. The analyses of radial artery patency during hospitalisation in patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary interventions were performed using three options of radial approaches, i.e. traditional, classical and dorsopalmar distal radial approaches.Methods. Patients (n = 178) with acute coronary syndrome on whom endovascular procedure by the traditional and two options of distal radial approach were performed met the entry criteria. The classical distal radial approach was performed within an anatomic snuffbox in 65 patients (36.5%), and the dorsopalmar type was performed in 29 patients (16.3%); the traditional radial approach was performed in 84 patients (47.2%). On completion of the percutaneous coronary interventions and final radial artery angiography, hemostasis was performed with bandage application for 6 h. From the 5th to the 7th day after intervention, examination, palpation and ultrasound duplex scan were performed in every patient.Results. Examination, palpation and ultrasound duplex scan performed from the 5th to 7th day after intervention revealed 3 cases (1.7%) of forearm radial artery occlusion (high type). All the 3 cases were in the traditional radial approach group. Access side radial artery occlusion (at the anatomical snuffbox and the dorsum of the plant [local type]) with saved blood supplement on the forearm was registered in the classical distal radial approach group in 4 cases (2.3%). There were no cases of access side radial artery occlusion in the dorsopalmar group.Conclusion. The use of the distal radial approach for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome definitely reduces the risk of radial artery occlusion of the forearm, whereas the dorsopalmar distal radial approach can be considered as a basic approach.
Received 11 May 2020. Revised 31 May 2020. Accepted 3 June 2020.
Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Author contributionsConception and design: S.P. Semitko, R.V. AkhramovichData collection and analysis: R.V. Akhramovich, I.S. MelnichenkoDrafting the article: R.V. AkhramovichCritical revision of the article: S.P. SemitkoFinal approval of the version to be published: R.V. Akhramovich, S.P. Semitko, A.V. Azarov, I.S. Melnichenko, A.I. Analeev, I.E. Chernyisheva, A.A. Tretyakov, D.G. Ioseliani
Impact of chronic total occlusion recanalisation on the quality of life in patients with stable coronary artery disease
Authors: Badoian A. , Khelimskii D. , Krestyaninov O. , Ibragimov R. , Naydenov R.
Published: November 2020

Background. Coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) is a common finding during routine coronary angiography. Despite significant progress in the technical success rate of CTO percutaneous coronary intervention over the last decade, indications for an invasive strategy are still controversial. To date, there is limited data on the role of invasive strategy in patients with CTO in improving the quality of life (QoL).Aim. To compare the QoL changes in patients with coronary artery disease with a single-vessel coronary CTO randomised to invasive or medical strategies.Methods. The study included 140 symptomatic patients with single-vessel CTO, who were randomised to either invasive or medical strategies. The QoL was then analysed using the Seattle Quality of Life Questionnaire (SAQ-7), EQ-5D-5L and the Rose Dyspnea Scale at baseline, after 3 and 12 months.Results. In total, 140 clinical, demographic, instrumental variables were analysed. There were no statistically significant differences between groups. At baseline, the summary score of the SAQ-7 in the medical group was 63.3 ± 15.7 and in the invasive group was −66.5 ± 13.1 (p = 0.13). The severity of dyspnoea according to the Rose questionnaire in the medical and invasive groups were 1.8 ± 1.1 and 1.9 ± 1.2, respectively, (p = 0.60). By 3 months, the summary score in the invasive group was 89.02 ± 9.2 and was statistically significantly higher than in the medical group (72.3 ± 12.4, p = 0.0001). The subscales of SAQ-7 at 3 months were also statistically significantly higher in the invasive group (p = 0.0001). This statistically and clinically significant difference between the groups persisted up to 12 months. The rate of adverse cardiovascular events was comparable in the study groups to 12 months of follow-up: 12.8% (9/70) and 7.1% (5/70) in the medical and invasive strategies, respectively. The crossover rate (from the medical to the invasive group) was 11.4% (8/70).Conclusion. Our study showed that an invasive strategy should be considered as effective and safe in improving the QoL in symptomatic patients with single-vessel CTO.
Received 13 May 2020. Revised 29 May 2020. Accepted 1 June 2020.
Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.
Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.
Author contributions Conception and design: A.G. Badoian, O.V. Krestyaninov Data collection and analysis: A.G. Badoian, D.A. Khelimskii, O.V. Krestyaninov Statistical analysis: A.G. Badoian, D.A. Khelimskii, R.A. Naydenov Drafting the article: A.G. Badoian, R.U. Ibragimov, D.A. Khelimskii Critical revision of the article: R.U. Ibragimov, O.V. Krestyaninov, R.A. Naydenov Final approval of the version to be published: A.G. Badoian, D.A. Khelimskii, O.V. Krestyaninov, R.U. Ibragimov, R.A. Naydenov
Current Landscape of Natural Products against Coronaviruses: Perspectives in COVID-19 Treatment and Anti-viral Mechanism
Authors: Shawon Jakaria , Akter Zakia , Hossen Md. Munnaf , Akter Yeasmin , Sayeed Abu , Junaid Md. , Afrose Syeda S. , Khan Md. Asaduzzaman
Published: November 2020

Background:

SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus, and the infection by SARS-CoV-2, termed as
COVID-19, was first reported in Wuhan, China, at the end of 2019, and this outbreak became a pandemic in February
of 2020. Till now, there is no effective drug or vaccine against this virus that can make a complete cure;
however, a number of drugs are in trials.

Objectives:

In this review, we have focused on an alternative therapeutic approach using natural products utilizing
the host anti-viral responses for resolving COVID-19 pathogenesis.

Methods:

We have searched databases like PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar for articles
related to natural products and viral diseases, with a specific focus on coronaviruses, as well as other RNA
viruses and recent updates on the COVID-19 pandemic, and collected articles and reviewed them comprehensively.

Results:

Scientific studies clarified the viral pathogenesis that involved viral entrance into host cells and anti-viral
response inside the cells, which can be effectively targeted by numerous natural compounds from different
sources. Many of these compounds can potentially target viral genomic material or protein machinery. Natural
products that were found effective against other coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV (which
emerged in 2002 and 2012, respectively), might be effective against SARS-CoV-2 due to their structural similarities.

Conclusion:

COVID-19 pandemic is a global emergency thus, urgent drug development is necessary. Natural
products can be the biggest source of drugs, as they have been found to be effective in other coronaviruses previously;
however, time is required to establish the clinical success of these drugs for clinical applications.