bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Live videotransmitteret undervisning
Authors: Ørngreen Rikke , Levinsen Karin , Jelsbak Vibe Alopaeus , Bendsen Thomas , Møller Karen Louise
Published: July 2017

undertitel: - Erfaringer og metodiske principper fra Bioanalytikeruddannelsen, VIA University CollegeAbstraktPå Bioanalytikeruddannelsen i Aarhus, VIAs sundhedsfaglige højskole, har man i en længere periode haft et kombi-hold, hvor man kombinerer traditionel og live transmitteret undervisning (via et innovativt valg af videokonferencesystem). På de såkaldte netdage er der mulighed for enten at møde op til undervisningen, som man plejer, eller at deltage i undervisningen hjemmefra.Artiklen præsenterer et deltagende aktionsforskningsprojekt mellem projektteamet på udannelsen og forskere fra Aalborg Universitet. Målet var at: afdække potentialer og barrierer ud fra et it-støttet læringsperspektiv; udvikle robuste didaktiske undervisningsscenarier; samt kvalificere underviserne og hermed forankringen af projektet. Forskningsdata blev indsamlet gennem videooptagelser, ”dagens spørgsmål” til de studerende, fokusgruppeinterview med lærerne, og Pædagogisk Dag-workshop. Analysen sætter fokus på erfaringerne under anvendelse af professionshøjskolernes Rektorkollegiums Studieaktivitetsmodel. Slutteligt samles der i artiklen op på de teknologsike, sociale og didaktiske-pædagogiske relationer set i lyset af projektets mål og resultater.Abstract in EnglishAt the education for Biomedical Laboratory Scientist at Aarhus, VIA's healthcare college, they have a combi-class, combining traditional and live broadcast teaching (via an innovative choice of video conferencing system). In the so-called net-days, there is the option to either attend the classes as usual, or to attend classes from home.This paper presents a participatory action research project between the project team at VIA and researchers from Aalborg University. The objectives were to: identify potentials and barriers from an IT-supported learning perspective; develop robust didactic teaching scenarios; qualify teachers, and secure the anchoring of the project. Research data were collected through video recordings, "questions of the day" to the students, focus group interviews with teachers and Educational Day workshop. The analysis focuses on the experiences applying the university college’s presidium Student Activity Model. Finally, the paper sums-up on the technological, social and didactic-pedagogic relationships in light of the project's objectives and results.
Online dagbogen i praktik- og klinikforløb på sundhedsvidenskabelige uddannelser
Authors: Hansen Janne Saltoft , Lyk Jeanette , Pedersen Sanne
Published: July 2017

Færdighedstræning gennem praktik- og klinikforløb er en vigtig del af de sundhedsvidenskabelige uddannelser. På tandplejeruddannelsen på Aarhus Universitet fører de studerende gennem hele praktikforløbet en online dagbog, hvor indlæggene er styret i forhold til en obligatorisk opgave, som på forhånd er stillet af underviserne. Dagbogen læses og kommenteres undervejs af underviserne.Det værktøj, som de studerende bruger til dagbogen, har de fået gennem Aarhus Universitets nye learning management system, Blackboard, og værktøjet findes derfor integreret der, hvor de studerendes normale online aktiviteter foregår.I artiklen fremlægges de studerende og undervisernes erfaringer med brug af online dagbogen til understøttelse af et praktikforløb og de studerendes kommunikationstræning. Artiklens formål er at undersøge, hvorvidt læring og færdighedstræning i praktikken styrkes gennem løbende skriftlig refleksion, og hvilken betydning online dagbogens muligheder for kontinuerlig feed back giver i den forbindelse.Videre diskuteres implementeringen af værktøjet i uddannelsen, og der gives perspektiver på håndtering af ressourceforbruget til e-moderation i den fremtidige drift.
Digitalisering af undervisningen i almen patologi
Authors: Vainer Ben , Klarskov Carina Kirstine , Mortensen Niels Werner , Mai Paul Meyer , Johansen Flemming Fryd
Published: July 2017

Patologi er læren om sygdommes manifestationer i væv og celler, herunder sygdommes årsager og mekanismer, og er en central del af undervisningen på en lang række studier om menneskers og dyrs sygdomme. Imod slutningen af 00’erne kom de første præparatscannere til Danmark, og for faget almen patologi på Københavns Universitet blev dette udnyttet til at forbedre og modernisere undervisningen. Faget baserer nu sin undervisning på digitalisering og anvendelse af digitale medier, og både undervisning og eksamen i vævs- og celleforandringer foregår nu med digitale hjælpemidler. I løbet af de sidste fem år er alle vævspræparater digitaliserede, og sideløbende hermed er den elektroniske platform for faget blevet udbygget. Fagets egne forelæsninger videooptages og streames, forelæsninger udført af internationalt anerkendte undervisere på udenlandske universiteter transmitteres live, og en patologi-blog øger studerendes adgang til underviserne. Til selvstudium udvikles multiple choice-tests baseret på mikroskopipræparater samt korte filmklip, der gennemgår mikroskopiforandringerne. Digitale spørgeskemaer har vist, at disse tiltag har forbedret undervisningen og øget studentertilfredsheden ganske betydeligt. Denne oversigtsartikel vil præsentere de digitale tiltag og deres betydning for undervisningen i patologi på Københavns Universitet.
Tema 1: Programmering af robotenheder i grundskolen
Authors: Ejsing-Duun Stine , Misfeldt Morten
Published: July 2017

I denne artikel undersøger vi potentialerne for at lære matematik gennem programmering af robotter. Vi foreslår en model med tre indbyrdes afhængige læringspotentialer, som programmering fordrer. Det omfatter elevens evne til at; (1) tænke i algoritmer, (2) producere viden og artefakter gennem brug af matematik og (3) foretage abstraktion og indkapsling.Programmering er blevet en del af grundskolens læringsmål i flere lande. I Danmark er programmering et læringsmål i forenklede fælles mål for Fysik/Kemi og desuden en del af den nationale undervisningsvejledning for matematik. En analyse af potentialerne i at anvende programmering i forbindelse med disse fag er derfor væsentlig. I denne artikel fokuserer vi på samspillet mellem matematik og programmering gennem litteraturstudier og analyse af empiriske situationer fra undervisning i programmering af LEGO Mindstorms. Teoretisk anvendes den instrumentelle tilgang til teknologi i matematikundervisning. Analysen viser en række måder, hvorpå didaktisk opmærksomhed på epistemisk forhandling kan understøtte læring af matematik gennem programmering.
Tema 2: Open Roberta - A Web Based Approach to Visually Program Real Educational Robots
Authors: Ketterl Markus , Jost Beate , Leimbach Thorsten , Budde Reinhard
Published: July 2017

The aim of the Open Roberta initiative is to support visual online programming of educational robots. The goal is to overcome technical and professional barriers for teachers and students alike at home or in the classrooms. The free to use cloud-based Open Roberta Lab consists of graphical programming tools for the browser that enable beginners to seamlessly start coding without long-winded system installations, setups or additional technology getting in the way. Open Roberta is a project within the Fraunhofer initiative ”Roberta - Learning with Robots”. A further aspect of the paper is the introduction of the NEPOR meta programming language as a core concept for coupling real educational robot systems.
Hvordan skabes et learning design, der motiverer og engagerer deltagerne i et online kompetenceudviklingsforløb?
Authors: Christensen Inger-Marie Falgren , Kjær Christopher , Lüders Bo , Apollo Jan , Hansen Pernille Stenkil
Published: July 2017

Denne artikel gør rede for det læringsdesign, der blev anvendt på Teaching for Tomorrow (T4T), som er et online kursus rettet mod undervisere på videregående uddannelser. Kurset omhandler de pædagogiske og tekniske aspekter ved flipped learning, blended learning og fjernundervisning. Hovedformålet med læringsdesignet var at motivere og engagere deltagerne til aktiv deltagelse. Læringsdesignet er baseret på voksenlæring, arbejdspladsrelateret læring, e-tivities, peer feedback, kollaboration, træning af praktiske færdigheder, asynkrone og synkrone læringsaktiviteter og badges. Der er indhentet kvalitative og kvantitative data, der viser, at læringsdesignet har potentiale ift. at motivere og engagere lærende. Imidlertid gør også andre faktorer sig gældende, såsom den enkelte deltagers specifikke situation ift. undervisning, samlet arbejdsbelastning og graden af support fra kolleger og ledelse. Det anbefales at anvende læringsdesignet men at sikre en følelse af forpligtethed både hos deltagerne og deres ledelse, at gøre designet tilstrækkeligt fleksibelt samt at tilbyde tilstrækkelig support.
Dopamine neuron dependent behaviors mediated by glutamate cotransmission
Authors: Mingote Susana , Chuhma Nao , Kalmbach Abigail , Thomsen Gretchen M , Wang Yvonne , Mihali Andra , Sferrazza Caroline , Zucker-Scharff Ilana , Siena Anna-Claire , Welch Martha G , Lizardi-Ortiz José , Sulzer David , Moore Holly , Gaisler-Salomon Inna , Rayport Stephen
Published: July 2017

Dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area use glutamate as a cotransmitter. To elucidate the behavioral role of the cotransmission, we targeted the glutamate-recycling enzyme glutaminase (gene Gls1). In mice with a dopamine transporter (Slc6a3)-driven conditional heterozygous (cHET) reduction of Gls1 in their dopamine neurons, dopamine neuron survival and transmission were unaffected, while glutamate cotransmission at phasic firing frequencies was reduced, enabling a selective focus on the cotransmission. The mice showed normal emotional and motor behaviors, and an unaffected response to acute amphetamine. Strikingly, amphetamine sensitization was reduced and latent inhibition potentiated. These behavioral effects, also seen in global GLS1 HETs with a schizophrenia resilience phenotype, were not seen in mice with an Emx1-driven forebrain reduction affecting most brain glutamatergic neurons. Thus, a reduction in dopamine neuron glutamate cotransmission appears to mediate significant components of the GLS1 HET schizophrenia resilience phenotype, and glutamate cotransmission appears to be important in attribution of motivational salience.
Asterolasia beckersii (Rutaceae), a new species from the Northern Tablelands, New South Wales
Authors: Orme Andrew Edward , Duretto Marco
Published: July 2017

Asterolasia beckersii Orme & Duretto (Rutaceae) is newly described. The species is restricted to the Nundle area (Tamworth district) on the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales. The species is related to A. correifolia (A.Juss.) Benth. and A. hexapetala (A.Juss.) Druce and can be distinguished from these by leaf, inflorescence and floral characters. The ecology and conservation status of A. beckersii are discussed and a key to Asterolasia for eastern Australia is provided.
Aplicación del diccionario de actividades al proceso de gestión de la inocuidad en servicios gastronómicos
Authors: García Pulido Yadrián Arnaldo , Medina León Alberto Arnaldo , Jaquinet Espinosa Rebeca Milenys , Frías Jiménez Roberto Argelio
Published: July 2017

La restauración en el turismo se ha convertido en un producto de alto consumo y junto a ello la necesidad de una adecuada gestión de inocuidad, puesto que más importante que la ambientación, el servicio e incluso los precios, es sin lugar a dudas la calidad del producto. La gestión de la inocuidad ha sido implementada en diversos escenarios, mediante la aplicación del sistema APPCC, pero las investigaciones sobre el tema con un enfoque en la gestión por procesos han sido muy escasas; por lo que el objetivo de la presente investigación consistió en implementar el diccionario de actividades a la gestión de la inocuidad en un restaurante del polo turístico de Varadero, Cuba. El estudio se justifica en la relevancia de la garantía de la inocuidad de los alimentos para los clientes, teniendo una elevada repercusión en su retorno al restaurante y en su opinión sobre la calidad del destino turístico. La investigación asumió como bases metodológicas las propuestas de Nogueira (2002) para la mejora de procesos y de Trischler (1998) para el análisis del valor añadido; donde fueron aplicadas distintas herramientas como la encuesta, braimstorming, mapa de procesos, diagramas As-Is y la ficha de proceso. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un restaurante del polo turístico de Varadero, Cuba durante los meses de enero a mayo. La investigación detectó en el estudio la existencia de un alto número de actividades que no aportan valor a la garantía de la inocuidad, además posibilitó la propuesta de 3 indicadores como soporte a la gestión del restaurante. Se concluye que la aplicación del diccionario de actividades constituye una herramienta que mejora el proceso de gestión de la inocuidad. La concepción del diccionario facilita la identificación de las actividades que aportan valor en términos de inocuidad, lo que tributa a la eficiencia del proceso y constituye el aporte de la presente investigación.
Structural insights into a secretory abundant heat‐soluble protein from an anhydrobiotic tardigrade,Ramazzottius varieornatus
Authors: Fukuda Yohta , Miura Yoshimasa , Mizohata Eiichi , Inoue Tsuyoshi
Published: July 2017

Upon stopping metabolic processes, some tardigrades can undergo anhydrobiosis. Secretory abundant heat‐soluble (SAHS) proteins have been reported as candidates for anhydrobiosis‐related proteins in tardigrades, which seem to protect extracellular components and/or secretory organelles. We determined structures of aSAHSprotein fromRamazzottius varieornatus(RvSAHS1), which is one of the toughest tardigrades.RvSAHS1 shows a β‐barrel structure similar to fatty acid‐binding proteins (FABPs), in which hydrophilic residues form peculiar hydrogen bond networks, which would provideRvSAHS1 with better tolerance against dehydration. We identified two putative ligand‐binding sites: one that superimposes on those of someFABPs and the other, unique to and conserved inSAHSproteins. These results indicate thatSAHSproteins constitute a newFABPfamily.
Generating enzyme and radical‐mediated bisubstrates as tools for investigating Gcn5‐related N‐acetyltransferases
Authors: Reidl Cory , Majorek Karolina A. , Dang Joseph , Tran David , Jew Kristen , Law Melissa , Payne Yasmine , Minor Wladek , Becker Daniel P. , Kuhn Misty L.
Published: July 2017

Gcn5‐related N‐acetyltransferases (GNATs) are found in all kingdoms of life and catalyze important acyl transfer reactions in diverse cellular processes. While many 3D structures of GNATs have been determined, most do not contain acceptor substrates in their active sites. To expand upon existing crystallographic strategies for improving acceptor‐bound GNAT structures, we synthesized peptide substrate analogs and reacted them with CoA in PA4794 protein crystals. We found two separate mechanisms for bisubstrate formation: (a) a novel X‐ray induced radical‐mediated alkylation of CoA with an alkene peptide and (b) direct alkylation of CoA with a halogenated peptide. Our approach is widely applicable across the GNAT superfamily and can be used to improve the success rate of obtaining liganded structures of other acyltransferases.
Environmental drivers of denitrification rates and denitrifying gene abundances in channels and riparian areas
Authors: Tomasek Abigail , Kozarek Jessica L. , Hondzo Miki , Lurndahl Nicole , Sadowsky Michael J. , Wang Ping , Staley Christopher
Published: July 2017

Intensive agriculture in the Midwestern United States contributes to excess nitrogen in surface water and groundwater, negatively affecting human health and aquatic ecosystems. Complete denitrification removes reactive nitrogen from aquatic environments and releases inert dinitrogen gas. We examined denitrification rates and the abundances of denitrifying genes and total bacteria at three sites in an agricultural watershed and in an experimental stream in Minnesota. Sampling was conducted along transects with a gradient from always inundated (in‐channel), to periodically inundated, to noninundated conditions to determine how denitrification rates and gene abundances varied from channels to riparian areas with different inundation histories. Results indicate a coupling between environmental parameters, gene abundances, and denitrification rates at the in‐channel locations, and limited to no coupling at the periodically inundated and noninundated locations, respectively. Nutrient‐amended potential denitrification rates for the in‐channel locations were significantly correlated (α = 0.05) with five of six measured denitrifying gene abundances, whereas the periodically inundated and noninundated locations were each only significantly correlated with the abundance of one denitrifying gene. These results suggest that DNA‐based analysis of denitrifying gene abundances alone cannot predict functional responses (denitrification potential), especially in studies with varying hydrologic regimes. A scaling analysis was performed to develop a predictive functional relationship relating environmental parameters to denitrification rates for in‐channel locations. This method could be applied to other geographic and climatic regions to predict the occurrence of denitrification hot spots.
Water quality and ecosystem management: Data‐driven reality check of effects in streams and lakes
Authors: Destouni Georgia , Fischer Ida , Prieto Carmen
Published: July 2017

This study investigates nutrient‐related water quality conditions and change trends in the first management periods of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD; since 2009) and Baltic Sea Action Plan (BASP; since 2007). With mitigation of nutrients in inland waters and their discharges to the Baltic Sea being a common WFD and BSAP target, we use Sweden as a case study of observable effects, by compiling and analyzing all openly available water and nutrient monitoring data across Sweden since 2003. The data compilation reveals that nutrient monitoring covers only around 1% (down to 0.2% for nutrient loads) of the total number of WFD‐classified stream and lake water bodies in Sweden. The data analysis further shows that the hydro‐climatically driven water discharge dominates the determination of waterborne loads of both total phosphorus and total nitrogen across Sweden. Both water discharge and the related nutrient loads are in turn well correlated with the ecosystem status classification of Swedish water bodies. Nutrient concentrations do not exhibit such correlation and their changes over the study period are on average small, but concentration increases are found for moderate‐to‐bad status waters, for which both the WFD and the BSAP have instead targeted concentration decreases. In general, these results indicate insufficient distinction and mitigation of human‐driven nutrient components in inland waters and their discharges to the sea by the internationally harmonized applications of the WFD and the BSAP. The results call for further comparative investigations of observable large‐scale effects of such regulatory/management frameworks in different parts of the world.
Sea‐air exchange patterns along the central and outer East Siberian Arctic Shelf as inferred from continuous CO2, stable isotope, and bulk chemistry measurements
Authors: Humborg Christoph , Geibel Marc C. , Anderson Leif G. , Björk Göran , Mörth Carl‐Magnus , Sundbom Marcus , Thornton Brett F. , Deutsch Barbara , Gustafsson Erik , Gustafsson Bo , Ek Jörgen , Semiletov Igor
Published: July 2017

This large‐scale quasi‐synoptic study gives a comprehensive picture of sea‐air CO2 fluxes during the melt season in the central and outer Laptev Sea (LS) and East Siberian Sea (ESS). During a 7 week cruise we compiled a continuous record of both surface water and air CO2 concentrations, in total 76,892 measurements. Overall, the central and outer parts of the ESAS constituted a sink for CO2, and we estimate a median uptake of 9.4 g C m−2 yr−1 or 6.6 Tg C yr−1. Our results suggest that while the ESS and shelf break waters adjacent to the LS and ESS are net autotrophic systems, the LS is a net heterotrophic system. CO2 sea‐air fluxes for the LS were 4.7 g C m−2 yr−1, and for the ESS we estimate an uptake of 7.2 g C m−2 yr−1. Isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC and δ13CCO2) in the water column indicates that the LS is depleted in δ13CDIC compared to the Arctic Ocean (ArcO) and ESS with an offset of 0.5‰ which can be explained by mixing of δ13CDIC‐depleted riverine waters and 4.0 Tg yr−1 respiration of OCter; only a minor part (0.72 Tg yr−1) of this respired OCter is exchanged with the atmosphere. Property‐mixing diagrams of total organic carbon and isotope ratio (δ13CSPE‐DOC) versus dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration diagram indicate conservative and nonconservative mixing in the LS and ESS, respectively. We suggest land‐derived particulate organic carbon from coastal erosion as an additional significant source for the depleted δ13CDIC.
Flow of yield stress and Carreau fluids through rough‐walled rock fractures: Prediction and experiments
Authors: Rodríguez de Castro Antonio , Radilla Giovanni
Published: July 2017

Many natural phenomena in geophysics and hydrogeology involve the flow of non‐Newtonian fluids through natural rough‐walled fractures. Therefore, there is considerable interest in predicting the pressure drop generated by complex flow in these media under a given set of boundary conditions. However, this task is markedly more challenging than the Newtonian case given the coupling of geometrical and rheological parameters in the flow law. The main contribution of this paper is to propose a simple method to predict the flow of commonly used Carreau and yield stress fluids through fractures. To do so, an expression relating the “in situ” shear viscosity of the fluid to the bulk shear‐viscosity parameters is obtained. Then, this “in situ” viscosity is entered in the macroscopic laws to predict the flow rate‐pressure gradient relations. Experiments with yield stress and Carreau fluids in two replicas of natural fractures covering a wide range of injection flow rates are presented and compared to the predictions of the proposed method. Our results show that the use of a constant shift parameter to relate “in situ” and bulk shear viscosity is no longer valid in the presence of a yield stress or a plateau viscosity. Consequently, properly representing the dependence of the shift parameter on the flow rate is crucial to obtain accurate predictions. The proposed method predicts the pressure drop in a rough‐walled fracture at a given injection flow rate by only using the shear rheology of the fluid, the hydraulic aperture of the fracture, and the inertial coefficients as inputs.
Wettability impact on supercritical CO2 capillary trapping: Pore‐scale visualization and quantification
Authors: Hu Ran , Wan Jiamin , Kim Yongman , Tokunaga Tetsu K.
Published: July 2017

How the wettability of pore surfaces affects supercritical (sc) CO2 capillary trapping in geologic carbon sequestration (GCS) is not well understood, and available evidence appears inconsistent. Using a high‐pressure micromodel‐microscopy system with image analysis, we studied the impact of wettability on scCO2 capillary trapping during short‐term brine flooding (80 s, 8–667 pore volumes). Experiments on brine displacing scCO2 were conducted at 8.5 MPa and 45°C in water‐wet (static contact angle θ = 20° ± 8°) and intermediate‐wet (θ = 94° ± 13°) homogeneous micromodels under four different flow rates (capillary number Ca ranging from 9 × 10−6 to 8 × 10−4) with a total of eight conditions (four replicates for each). Brine invasion processes were recorded and statistical analysis was performed for over 2000 images of scCO2 saturations, and scCO2 cluster characteristics. The trapped scCO2 saturation under intermediate‐wet conditions is 15% higher than under water‐wet conditions under the slowest flow rate (Ca ∼ 9 × 10−6). Based on the visualization and scCO2 cluster analysis, we show that the scCO2 trapping process in our micromodels is governed by bypass trapping that is enhanced by the larger contact angle. Smaller contact angles enhance cooperative pore filling and widen brine fingers (or channels), leading to smaller volumes of scCO2 being bypassed. Increased flow rates suppress this wettability effect.
A framework for the analysis of noncohesive bank erosion algorithms in morphodynamic modeling
Authors: Stecca G. , Measures R. , Hicks D. M.
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we analyze the performance of several noncohesive bank erosion algorithms to be embedded into two‐dimensional models for river hydromorphodynamics on nonmoving meshes. To avoid the complexity of analyzing two‐dimensional model results arising from the nonlinear interaction between flow, fluvial transport, and bank erosion, we develop a simplified framework. In detail, we reduce the two‐dimensional morphodynamic model to a cross‐sectional model under the assumption of longitudinal morphodynamic equilibrium, and apply bank erosion algorithms therein. To build candidate bank erosion models, we break down bank erosion algorithms into three modeling steps: identification of the bank, computation of sediment fluxes due to bank erosion, and bank updating. Different potential models are created by choosing different options for each step. We assess model performance against surveyed bank erosion over a flood event in the transitional Selwyn River, New Zealand. This study is preliminary to implementation of bank erosion in a fully two‐dimensional setting, to model braided planform dynamics.
The potential of GRACE gravimetry to detect the heavy rainfall‐induced impoundment of a small reservoir in the upper Yellow River
Authors: Yi Shuang , Song Chunqiao , Wang Qiuyu , Wang Linsong , Heki Kosuke , Sun Wenke
Published: July 2017

Artificial reservoirs are important indicators of anthropogenic impacts on environments, and their cumulative influences on the local water storage will change the gravity signal. However, because of their small signal size, such gravity changes are seldom studied using satellite gravimetry from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Here we investigate the ability of GRACE to detect water storage changes in the Longyangxia Reservoir (LR), which is situated in the upper main stem of the Yellow River. Three different GRACE solutions from the CSR, GFZ, and JPL with three different processing filters are compared here. We find that heavy precipitation in the summer of 2005 caused the LR water storage to increase by 37.9 m in height, which is equivalent to 13.0 Gt in mass, and that the CSR solutions with a DDK4 filter show the best performance in revealing the synthetic gravity signals. We also obtain 109 pairs of reservoir inundation area measurements from satellite imagery and water level changes from laser altimetry and in situ observations to derive the area‐height ratios for the LR. The root mean square of GRACE series in the LR is reduced by 39% after removing synthetic signals caused by mass changes in the LR or by 62% if the GRACE series is further smoothed. We conclude that GRACE data show promising potential in detecting water storage changes in this ∼400 km2 reservoir and that a small signal size is not a restricting factor for detection using GRACE data.
A novel and independent method for time‐resolved gantry angle quality assurance for VMAT
Authors: Fuangrod Todsaporn , Greer Peter B. , Zwan Benjamin J. , Barnes Michael P. , Lehmann Joerg
Published: July 2017

Volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment delivery requires three key dynamic components; gantry rotation, dose rate modulation, and multi‐leaf collimator motion, which are all simultaneously varied during the delivery. Misalignment of the gantry angle can potentially affect clinical outcome due to the steep dose gradients and complex MLC shapes involved. It is essential to develop independent gantry angle quality assurance (QA) appropriate to VMAT that can be performed simultaneously with other key VMAT QA testing. In this work, a simple and inexpensive fully independent gantry angle measurement methodology was developed that allows quantitation of the gantry angle accuracy as a function of time. This method is based on the analysis of video footage of a “Double dot” pattern attached to the front cover of the linear accelerator that consists of red and green circles printed on A4 paper sheet. A standard mobile phone is placed on the couch to record the video footage during gantry rotation. The video file is subsequently analyzed and used to determine the gantry angle from each video frame using the relative position of the two dots. There were two types of validation tests performed including the static mode with manual gantry angle rotation and dynamic mode with three complex test plans. The accuracy was 0.26° ± 0.04° and 0.46° ± 0.31° (mean ± 1 SD) for the static and dynamic modes, respectively. This method is user friendly, cost effective, easy to setup, has high temporal resolution, and can be combined with existing time‐resolved method for QA of MLC and dose rate to form a comprehensive set of procedures for time‐resolved QA of VMAT delivery system.
Centrifugal Lithography: Self‐Shaping of Polymer Microstructures Encapsulating Biopharmaceutics by Centrifuging Polymer Drops
Authors: Yang Huisuk , Kim Suyong , Kang Geonwoo , Lahiji Shayan F. , Jang Mingyu , Kim Young Mi , Kim Jae‐Myung , Cho Sang‐Nae , Jung Hyungil
Published: July 2017

Polymeric microstructures encapsulating biopharmaceutics must be fabricated in a controlled environment to preserve the biological activity. There is increasing demand for simple methods designed to preserve the biological activity by utilizing the natural properties of polymers. Here, the paper shows that centrifugal lithography (CL) can be used for the fabrication of such microstructures in a single centrifugation, by engineering the self‐shaping properties of hyaluronic acid (HA). In this method, HA drops are self‐shaped into hourglass‐microstructures to produce two dissolving microneedles (DMN), which facilitate transdermal delivery via implantation on the skin. In addition, tuberculin purified protein derivatives are encapsulated into HA DMNs under refrigerated conditions (4 °C) during CL. Therefore, the tuberculin skin test (TST) with the DMNs indicates minimal damage, as opposed to the case of TST with traditional hypodermic needles. These findings on the fabrication of polymeric microstructures with biopharmaceutics may trigger the development of various biomedical devices and therapies.
Interfacial Thermal Transport in Monolayer MoS2‐ and Graphene‐Based Devices
Authors: Yasaei Poya , Foss Cameron J. , Karis Klas , Behranginia Amirhossein , El‐Ghandour Ahmed I. , Fathizadeh Arman , Olivares Javier , Majee Arnab K. , Foster Craig D. , Khalili‐Araghi Fatemeh , Aksamija Zlatan , Salehi‐Khojin Amin
Published: July 2017

In many device architectures based on 2D materials, a major part of the heat generated in hot‐spots dissipates in the through‐plane direction where the interfacial thermal resistances can significantly restrain the heat removal capability of the device. Despite its importance, there is an enormous (1–2 orders of magnitude) disagreement in the literature on the interfacial thermal transport characteristics of MoS2 and other transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) (0.1–14 MW m−2 K−1). In this report, the thermal boundary conductance (TBC) across MoS2 and graphene monolayers with SiO2/Si and sapphire substrates is systematically investigated using a custom‐made electrical thermometry platform followed by 3D finite element analyses. Through comparative experiments, the TBC at 295 K across MoS2 is found to be 20.3–33.5 MW m−2 K−1 on SiO2/Si, and 19–37.5 MW m−2 K−1 on c‐sapphire, respectively, but far larger than the previous Raman‐based measurements on TMDs with optical heating (0.1–2 MW m−2 K−1). This study also investigates the effects of processing quality and potential interface contaminants, substrate properties, and encapsulation on TBC across MoS2 and graphene monolayers. Our results reveal that the emergence of Rayleigh wave modes dramatically contributes to the interfacial conductance across encapsulated 2D monolayers. This finding opens up an additional pathway to improve heat dissipation in 2D‐based devices through engineering of an encapsulating layer.
COSMO‐based computer‐aided molecular/mixture design: A focus on reaction solvents
Authors: Austin Nick D. , Sahinidis Nikolaos V. , Konstantinov Ivan A. , Trahan Daniel W.
Published: July 2017

In this article, we investigate reaction solvent design using COSMO‐RS thermodynamics in conjunction with computer‐aided molecular design (CAMD) techniques. CAMD using COSMO‐RS has the distinct advantage of being a method based in quantum chemistry, which allows for the incorporation of quantum‐level information about transition states, reactive intermediates, and other important species directly into CAMD problems. This work encompasses three main additions to our previous framework for solvent design (Austin et al., Chem Eng Sci. 2017;159:93–105): (1) altering the group contribution method to estimate hydrogen‐bonding and non‐hydrogen‐bonding σ‐profiles; (2) ab initio modeling of strong solute/solvent interactions such as H‐bonding or coordinate bonding; and (3) solving mixture design problems limited to common laboratory and industrial solvents. We apply this methodology to three diverse case studies: accelerating the reaction rate of a Menschutkin reaction, controlling the chemoselectivity of a lithiation reaction, and controlling the chemoselectivity of a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction. We report improved solvents/mixtures in all cases. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 104–122, 2018
A case of disseminated cryptococcosis with necrotizing fasciitis in a non‐HIV patient
Authors: Hoshino Tetsuya , Omura Kazuya , Kimura Shinichi , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Kamei Katsuhiko , Ohkusu Misako
Published: July 2017

Case

Disseminated cryptococcosis is a well‐recognized condition among HIV patients, but it also occurs in non‐HIV patients. Necrotizing fasciitis caused by cryptococcus is rare. An 81‐year‐old man who had received steroid therapy presented with erythema and pain in his right thigh. After the rapid progression of symptoms and a failure to respond to antibiotic therapy, a clinical diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis was made. We performed debridement, and yeasts were detected using a Gram stain of the fascia. We treated the patient with liposomal amphotericin B. On day 3, he developed meningitis. Cryptococcus neoformans was detected in the blood, fascia, and cerebrospinal fluid. Flucytosine was added to liposomal amphotericin B.

Outcome

Despite the antifungal treatment, new regions of dissemination to the skin developed, and the patient died of multiple organ failure.

Conclusion

A diagnosis of disseminated cryptococcosis should be considered in a differential diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis among immunocompromised patients, regardless of their HIV status.
Two‐Dimensional Seeded Self‐Assembly of a Complex Hierarchical Perylene‐Based Heterostructure
Authors: Liu Yin , Peng Cheng , Xiong Wei , Zhang Yifan , Gong Yanjun , Che Yanke , Zhao Jincai
Published: July 2017

A complex two‐dimensional (2D) hierarchical heterostructure was fabricated by a sequential two‐dimensional seeded self‐assembly, which consisted of laterally grown nanotubes from one perylene monomer and terminally elongated nanocoils from a similar perylene monomer on microribbon seeds from a third perylene. Because the nanotube and nanocoil monomers can form kinetically trapped off‐pathway aggregates to prevent self‐nucleation and have similar molecular organizations to different facets of the seeds, the nanotube and nanocoil monomers preferentially nucleate and grow on the seed sides and terminal ends, respectively, to form a complex 2D hierarchical heterostructure. The strategy used in this work can be extended to fabricate other complex nanoarchitectures from small molecules.
Fluorescent Probes with Multiple Binding Sites for the Discrimination of Cys, Hcy, and GSH
Authors: Yin Cai‐Xia , Xiong Kang‐Ming , Huo Fang‐Jun , Salamanca James C. , Strongin Robert M.
Published: July 2017

Biothiols such as cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) play crucial roles in maintaining redox homeostasis in biological systems. This Minireview summarizes the most significant current challenges in the field of thiol‐reactive probes for biomedical research and diagnostics, emphasizing the needs and opportunities that have been under‐investigated by chemists in the selective probe and sensor field. Progress on multiple binding site probes to distinguish Cys, Hcy, and GSH is highlighted as a creative new direction in the field that can enable simultaneous, accurate ratiometric monitoring. New probe design strategies and researcher priorities can better help address current challenges, including the monitoring of disease states such as autism and chronic diseases involving oxidative stress that are characterized by divergent levels of GSH, Cys, and Hcy.
Genetic differentiation and historical demography of wood stork populations in Brazilian wetlands: Implications for the conservation of the species and associated ecosystems
Authors: Miño Carolina I. , Avelar Luiza H. da Silva , da Silva Fagner M. , Perez Manolo F. , Menezes Luiza F. , Del Lama Silvia N.
Published: July 2017

Wetlands are increasingly threatened by human activities worldwide. Genetic monitoring of associated wildlife provides valuable data to support their conservation. Waterbirds such as the wood stork (Mycteria americana) are good bioindicators of wetland disturbance and destruction.

This study investigated past and contemporary levels of genetic diversity, differentiation and demographic processes in 236 wood storks from two major wetlands in Brazil in which breeding colonies are concentrated, using nine microsatellite loci and a 237‐bp untranslated fragment of the mitochondrial Control Region.

Amapá populations (northern region) showed slightly higher levels of genetic diversity than Pantanal populations (central western region) and both populations had a low number of effective breeders.

Results from assignment tests, F‐statistics, AMOVA, spatial and non‐spatial Bayesian clustering analyses support the hypothesis of gene flow among colonies within regions, but significant differentiation between regions.

The better supported Bayesian coalescent models based on both markers indicated that the northern population exchanged migrants with unsampled populations, and that the central western population was founded by individuals from the north. Mitochondrial estimates revealed that the timing of population divergence broadly overlapped the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), and that the central western population expanded more recently than the northern population.

The results support the hypothesis that the coastal wetlands in northern Brazil remained stable enough to shelter large wood stork populations during the LGM and storks colonized freshwater wetlands in the central western region following deglacial warming.

Conservation policies and protective measures should consider Amapá and Pantanal wood stork populations as genetically differentiated units and priority should be given to Amapá populations that represent the source gene pool. Continuous genetic monitoring of wood storks would help detect genetic signs of changes in demographic trends that may reflect alterations or degradation in wetlands.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Pillar[4]arene[1]cis‐diepoxy‐p‐dione and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of Host–Guest System
Authors: Han Chengyou , Zhao Dezhi , Li Tian , Sun Daofeng
Published: July 2017

Herein, we successfully develop a novel route to give rise to polarity for the pillararenes by the introduction of oxygenated functionalities into pillar[5]arene to stereoselectively synthesize the pillar[4]arene[1]cis‐diepoxy‐p‐dione. Its host–guest properties with different dinitrile molecules were also investigated and characterized by NMR and X‐ray crystallography.
Unique Solid‐State Emission Behavior of Aromatic Difluoroboronated β‐Diketones as an Emitter in Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Sasabe Hisahiro , Sasaki Kanako , Mamiya Michitaka , Suwa Yurie , Watanabe Taiki , Onuma Natsuki , Nakao Kohei , Yamaji Minoru , Kido Junji
Published: July 2017

Aromatic difluoroboronated β‐diketone (BF2DK) derivatives are a widely known class of luminescent organic materials that exhibit high photoluminescent quantum efficiency and unique aggregation‐dependent fluorescence behavior. However, there have been only a few reports on their use in solid‐state electronic devices, such as organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs). Herein, we investigated the solid‐state properties and OLED performance of a series of π‐extended BF2DK derivatives that have previously been shown to exhibit intense fluorescence in the solution state. The BF2DK derivatives formed exciplexes with a carbazole derivative and exhibited thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) behavior to give orange electroluminescence with a peak external quantum efficiency of 10 % that apparently exceeds the theoretical efficiency limit of conventional fluorescent OLEDs (7.5 %), assuming a light out‐coupling factor of 30 %.
Caryophyllane Thiols, Vinyl Thioethers, Di‐ and Bis‐Sulfides: Antioxidant and Membrane Protective Activities
Authors: Gyrdymova Yulia V. , Sudarikov Denis V. , Shevchenko Oksana G. , Rubtsova Svetlana A. , Slepukhin Pavel A. , Kutchin Aleksandr V.
Published: July 2017

Caryophyllane thioterpenoids were synthesized in 23 – 81% yields. The antioxidant properties of the obtained compounds in various model systems were found. It was revealed that 4,5‐epoxycaryophyll‐9‐ylmethanethiol has the greatest antioxidant activity. The isomerism of sesquiterpenic fragments was shown to have a significant effect on the biological activity of the compounds.
Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis and Stereochemical Revision of Leucinostatin A: A Modulator of Tumor–Stroma Interaction
Authors: Abe Hikaru , Ouchi Hitoshi , Sakashita Chiharu , Kawada Manabu , Watanabe Takumi , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: July 2017

Total synthesis of leucinostatin A, a modulator of tumor‐stroma interactions, using asymmetric catalyses, a nitroaldol reaction, thioamide‐aldol reaction, Strecker‐type reaction, and alcoholysis of 3‐methylglutaric anhydride, is described. We demonstrated the applicability of the established catalytic asymmetric processes to the synthesis of molecules with a complex structure. Careful analysis of the NMR data, HPLC profiles, and biological activity revealed that the correct structure of leucinostatin A is the epimeric form of the reported structure; the secondary alcohol within the AHMOD residue has an R configuration.
Rationale and design of a randomized trial of apixaban vs warfarin to evaluate atherosclerotic calcification and vulnerable plaque progression
Authors: Osawa Kazuhiro , Nakanishi Rine , Win Theingi Tiffany , Li Dong , Rahmani Sina , Nezarat Negin , Sheidaee Nasim , Budoff Matthew J.
Published: July 2017

Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are known to increase vascular calcification, suggesting increased cardiovascular disease events. Apixaban is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor superior to warfarin at preventing stroke or systemic embolism and may stabilize coronary atherosclerosis. The potential benefits of avoiding VKA therapy and the favorable effects of factor Xa inhibitors could contribute to cardiovascular disease event reduction. We hypothesized that apixaban inhibits vascular calcification and coronary atherosclerosis progression compared with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study is a single‐center, prospective, randomized, open‐label study. From May 2014 to December 2015, 66 patients with nonvalvular AF who experienced VKA therapy were enrolled. Patients were randomized into either warfarin or apixaban cohorts and followed for 52 weeks. The primary objective is to compare the rate of change in coronary artery calcification (CAC) from baseline to follow‐up in apixaban vs warfarin cohorts. The key secondary objective is to compare the rate of incident plaques and quantitative changes in plaque types between patients randomized to either warfarin or apixaban cohorts using serial coronary computed tomography angiography. Expert readers will blindly assess CAC and coronary artery plaques. It is thought that this trial will result in significant differences in CAC and coronary artery plaque progression between the VKA and apixaban. The results are anticipated to provide a novel insight into treatment selection for AF patients. The study is registered at http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 02090075).
Critical diagnoses in cytopathology: Experience at a large medical center
Authors: Xing Juan , Seigh Lindsey , Monaco Sara E. , Ohori N. Paul , Yousem Samuel A. , Amin Rajnikant , Pantanowitz Liron
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND

Critical values have been well established and accepted in laboratory medicine, but to the authors' knowledge are less well accepted in anatomic pathology. Herein, the authors used a reporting process whereby reports with critical diagnoses were coded to ensure that the patient's clinical team was promptly notified electronically of this finding. The aim of the current study was to determine whether this coding mechanism was used appropriately for critical cytopathology diagnoses in the study health care system.

METHODS

A retrospective review of the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center anatomic pathology laboratory information system was performed to identify cytopathology reports in which a critical diagnosis code (MedTrak notification/CoPath Tissue Code TC66; TC66) was used from 2011 through 2016. TC66‐coded cytopathology reports between 2015 and 2016 were reviewed further to determine whether this code was used appropriately.

RESULTS

A total of 1687 TC66‐coded cytopathology reports were identified. Between 2015 and 2016, a total of 30 of 46 reports (65%) from academic hospitals and 46 of 441 reports (10%) from community hospitals met the critical diagnoses criteria outlined by institutional policy. The remaining TC66‐coded cases were predominantly for new diagnoses of malignancy in patients clinically suspected of having cancer.

CONCLUSIONS

Use of a code for critical cytopathology diagnoses was found to be occurring increasingly at the study health care system. Pathologists at the academic and community hospitals in the study institution used this code somewhat differently, reflecting the need to satisfy communication with clinicians in different practice settings. Nevertheless, the authors' experiences with using a code for critical diagnoses not only ensured timely patient care but also proposed a model that could be used by other medical specialties to enhance communication and improve quality of care. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:726‐30. © 2017 American Cancer Society.