bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How organ care system saved the day during a donation after circulatory death heart transplant: a case of complicated sternal re-entry
Authors: Seyed Mokhtassi Shiva , Majidi Nika , Salmasi Yousuf , Sonecha Akhil , Agrawal Sanjay , Husain Mubassher , Garcia Diana , Mitchell Jerry , Khoshbin Espeed
Published: January 2025

Sternal re-entry during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) explant and heart transplantation risks damaging structures including the driveline, LVAD outflow tract, ascending aorta, or heart. Preoperative imaging is vital for planning re-entry. This report highlights a pitfall with CT imaging and an advantage of the Organ Care System (OCS) in minimising ischemic time during complex re-sternotomy. A 56-year-old male with ischemic cardiomyopathy and a LVAD underwent a donation after circulatory death (DCD) heart transplant. A CT scan immediately post-LVAD implantation suggested low re-entry risk. However, during re-sternotomy, a vascular injury occurred between the outflow graft and ascending aorta, causing catastrophic bleeding. Rapid chest proximation using pre-placed Ethibond sutures controlled bleeding whilst obtaining femoral access for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest was required whilst the OCS optimally perfused the donor heart, extending preservation time (OCS perfusion time of 241 minutes). The transplant was performed, following which CPB was weaned. Postoperatively, the patient required a tracheostomy but recovered well, being discharged by day 40. This case illustrates the need to investigate anatomical changes post-LVAD implantation and implement measures to prevent re-entry injuries. CT imaging immediately post-implantation may not reflect evolving anatomy, hence serial imaging could enhance surgical planning. The OCS was vital in allowing extended preservation time to accommodate for unforeseen complications whilst the Ethibond sutures were essential in aiding control of the bleeding. Research in the LVAD subgroup to evaluate the extent of remodelling hence proximity of structures in relation to the sternum is essential to optimise surgical planning.
Sociodemographic and visual characteristics of individuals with oculocutaneous albinism in Botswana
Authors: Panicker Thanuja , Madheswaran Gopinath
Published: January 2025

Background: Understanding the characteristics of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) in African populations is crucial for developing appropriate support strategies.Aim: This study aims to comprehensively analyse the demographic and visual characteristics of individuals with OCA in Botswana, Africa.Setting: This retrospective study was conducted at a private eye clinic in Botswana, Africa.Methods: A retrospective data collection approach was employed to gather information from African patients diagnosed with OCA. Information on demographics, socio-economic status, education, occupation, medical history, category of visual impairment, visual characteristics such as contrast and glare sensitivity and central visual field integrity and low vision services received was extracted from medical records and analysed.Results: The study involved 65 participants, primarily males (40, 61.5%), with a mean (s.d.) age of 29.2 (15.4) years. Most participants belonged to low (35, 53.8%) to middle-income (23, 35.4%) socio-economic groups. African-Tswana ethnicity was the most common among the participants (31, 47.7%). Nearly 80% had a best-corrected visual acuity (in better eye) worse than 6/12. Most participants had poor contrast sensitivity (47, 72.3%) and no defects in the central visual field (63, 96.9%). All participants experienced glare sensitivity (65, 100%).Conclusion: The findings highlight the critical need for targeted interventions to address the prevalent visual impairments among individuals with OCA in Botswana, aiming to enhance their quality of life and socio-economic integration.Contribution: These findings can inform interventions for OCA in Botswana, such as vision rehabilitation programmes, social support initiatives, and genetic counselling services.
N-acetylcysteine: An Innovative Approach to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Treatment: A Narrative Review
Authors: Sonia Sadia Binte Anwar , Siddiki Muhammad Nurul Alam , Sultana Sarmin , Chowdhury Iftekhar Hossain , Sinha Susmita , Ahmad Rahnuma , Mehta Miral , Haque Mainul
Published: January 2025

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental illness defined by recurrent, intrusive thoughts (called obsessions) and repetitive actions or ideas (called compulsions). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and cognitive-behavioural therapy are currently the first-line treatments. Alternative therapeutic approaches must be developed because many patients still resist conventional medicines. There is increasing evidence that glutamate, rather than serotonin, is an essential factor in the pathophysiology of OCD. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a supplement that targets the glutamatergic system and is derived from the amino acids. Numerous preclinical and clinical trials suggest that NAC improves OCD sufferers. Numerous suggested processes, such as the control of various neurotransmitters, oxidative equilibrium and inflammatory mediators, have been brought up to explain the therapeutic benefits of NAC. This narrative review focuses on the effect of NAC, a glutamate-modulating agent, as an augmentation in the treatment of OCD. This article reviews the clinical trials, case reports and case series exploring using NAC for OCD. We thoroughly searched PubMed, Scopus and Google Search engines to identify the relevant trials published until December 2024. Critical words for searching included (‘N acetylcysteine’ OR NAC OR ‘Glutamatergic agents’) AND (‘Obsessive-compulsive disorder’ OR OCD). NAC’s clinical effectiveness has not been identified despite pre-clinical research suggesting that it improves the animal models of OCD. Although NAC is still a promising adjunct treatment option for OCD, more research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these results and develop conclusions about how effectively NAC works to improve the OCD symptoms.
A Curious Case of Rowell Syndrome
Authors: Iyer Seetharaman Venugopalan , Palsetia Delnaz , Subramanyam Alka A.
Published: January 2025

Rowell syndrome is a rare disease consisting of erythema multiforme-like lesions coexisting with lupus erythematosus along with characteristic immunological findings. Besides the dermatological manifestations, Rowell syndrome can also have significant neuropsychiatric symptoms such as cognitive dysfunction, mood disorders, psychosis, seizures and peripheral neuropathy in some patients. Diagnosis and subsequent management of such a rare syndrome with uncommon presentations can be challenging. We present a case of a 54-year-old female, diagnosed with Rowell syndrome, who presented with psychotic symptoms and was subsequently treated for the same.
Developing Mental Health Support Chatbots in India: Challenges and Insights
Authors: Halder Susmita
Published: January 2025

Chatbots represent a new perspective in mental health support. The increased use of technology has become a preferred medium for providing mental health services, making it easier to reach a larger population. However, in India, the use of chatbots for mental health support is still in its infancy. There are many reasons behind this. The purpose of this article is to explore and identify the challenges faced by mental health professionals in developing chatbots for mental health support and to examine their future potential.
Using Internet of Things for Child Care: A Systematic Review
Authors: Saeedbakhsh Saeed , Mohammadi Maryam , Younesi Sarina , Sattari Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Background:

In smart cities, prioritizing child safety through affordable technology like the Internet of Things (IoT) is crucial for parents. This study seeks to investigate different IoT tools that can prevent and address accidents involving children. The goal is to alleviate the emotional and financial toll of such incidents due to their high mortality rates.

Methods:

This study considers articles published in English that use IoT for children’s healthcare. PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases are considered as searchable databases. 273 studies were retrieved after the initial search. After eliminating duplicate records, studies were assessed based on input and output criteria. Titles and abstracts were reviewed for relevance. Articles not meeting criteria were excluded. Finally, 29 cases had the necessary criteria to enter this study.

Results:

The study reveals that India is at the forefront of IoT research for children, followed by Italy and China. Studies mainly occur indoors, utilizing wearable sensors like heart rate, motion, and tracking sensors. Biosignal sensors and technologies such as Zigbee and image recognition are commonly used for data collection and analysis. Diverse approaches, including cloud computing and machine vision, are applied in this innovative field.

Conclusions:

In conclusion, IoT for children is mainly seen in developed countries like India, Italy, and China. Studies focus on indoor use, using wearable sensors for heart rate monitoring. Biosignal sensors and various technologies like Zigbee, Kinect, image recognition, RFID, and robots contribute to enhancing children’s well-being.
Assessment of Awareness and Attitude Regarding Early Childhood Caries among Parents of Preschool Children Attending Pediatric Outpatient Department: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Deepak S. , Mishra Gaurav , Gupta Vinay Kumar , Kumar Sumit , Rajput Aman , Kanoujia Mohit Kumar
Published: January 2025

Background:

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a common chronic disease in young children, negatively impacting their health and development. The family environment, particularly parental knowledge, significantly influences children’s oral health. This study aims to evaluate ECC awareness and attitudes among parents of preschool children in Lucknow.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study with 400 participants was conducted using simple random sampling. Parents visiting the pediatrics department at a tertiary hospital in Lucknow were included. Data were collected through a self-structured questionnaire, validated through a pilot study (Cronbach’s α = 0.85, face validity 84%, content validity ratio 0.78). Awareness scores were analyzed using SPSS version 24, employing Chi-square, t-tests, ANOVA, and multivariate linear regression.

Results:

The sample consisted of 38.3% females and 61.8% males, with 35.5% from urban areas and 64.5% from rural areas. Awareness scores were higher in females (Mean = 8.65) than in males (Mean = 6.93) and higher in urban (Mean = 9.86) than rural areas (Mean = 6.45). Education level positively correlated with awareness (F = 10.797, P < 0.001), while income showed a complex relationship. Multivariate regression indicated that gender and education positively influenced awareness scores, whereas area and income had negative impacts, warranting further investigation.

Conclusion:

Parental awareness of ECC is significantly influenced by gender, education, and area. Educational interventions should target rural areas and parents with lower education levels to enhance oral health knowledge and practices.
Risk-factor Model Derivation and Validation for the Detection of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders among General Population of Towns in Pune District, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Thakkar Khushboo , Shetiya Sahana Hegde , Agarwal Dipti , Jadhav Sudhir L.
Published: January 2025

Introduction:

India is one among the high burden countries for smokeless tobacco use. Hence, cancer burden is large, among which cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx are important public health problems. The mortality rates for these cancers are high and this burdens the health system. Screening the high risk population can avert this.

Aim:

The study aimed to develop and validate a risk factor model for detection of oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD) among the general population of a town in Pimpri Chinchwad Municipality, Pune.

Materials and Methods:

An analytical, cross-sectional study was planned and sociodemographic characteristics and oral examination of representative sample of 625 participants from general population was done through the systematic random sampling residing in Alandi for Phase 1 of the study. Phase 2 which was validation of the model was carried out at general population residing in Chakan. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the effect estimates of the potential risk factor on OPMD. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to produce a cutoff point considered as highest Youden’s index for the presence of OPMD. Each risk factor was scored and a total cutoff score was obtained above which screening for OPMD was indicated. Risk factor model validity was assessed using sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value.

Results:

Males in the age group of 46–60 years who belonged to low socioeconomic status and smoked ≥4 cigarettes/bidis per day, used smokeless tobacco >20 years and was slaked lime user and alcohol consumer with poor oral hygiene had higher odds of developing OPMD. ROC curve plotted produced a cutoff of 15 with a sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 68.5% and was thus selected as the cutoff score for the risk factor model. On validation of the risk factor model, the sensitivity, specificity, and the negative predictive value of the model for the detection of OPMD was found to be good.

Conclusion:

The model is considered good for the early detection of OPMD in districts of Maharashtra and can be used is other states of India by validating the same.
Plant nomenclature as per traditional Siddha medicine: A comprehensive review
Authors: Shyamala Rajkumar , Vinayak Soman , Vijayakumar Venkataramanan , Sunil Kumar Koppala Narayana
Published: January 2025

Background:

The nomenclature practices in traditional Siddha medicine (TSM) is a vast area that upholds the vibrant traditional and literary descent of the ancient Tamilians. Understanding the meaningful concepts of the nomenclature of ingredients opens a sphere of information about the historical significance, habitation, and morphological and therapeutic importance of the plant source. An attempt was made to review and document the origins of the nomenclature available in the plant Materia medica established in TSM. The review also throws light on the identification of drugs that are anonymous and concealed in many Tamil medical treatises.

Materials and Methods:

Various literature works of Siddha medicine were reviewed for understanding the origin of plant names in terms of its Moola peyar (root word or Basonym), Marapputhodarpeyarkal (vernacular names), and Mooligaipathabhedham (synonyms). The findings were correlated with present botanical nomenclature sources for establishing the methodology and rationale behind the naming practices of TSM.

Results:

In TSM, it has been observed that different Tamil names were derived, based on the terms of their availability (Vazhviyal - habitat), appearance, or through observation of the plant structure (Purathotram - external morphological characters), Niram (color), Manam (odor) and Suvai (taste), traditional attributes such as Veeriyam (potency), Thanmai (quality), and Maruthuvagunam (medicinal properties). The main purpose of the practice of designation was to indicate the authority and contributor of the plant knowledge, to identify the regions of its availability, to easily understand the period and place of collection, and to document its medicinal or specialties on health concern.

Conclusion:

Root word and synonyms of a particular plant contributed by Siddhars to TSM give valuable clues, especially in the identification of the drug or their utility. In plants with multiple names, each particular name is analyzed to obtain a short summary of the plant information.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards anaemia among adolescent school girls of Puducherry: a cross-sectional survey protocol
Authors: Rajkumar Shyamala , Gunalan Gayathri , Arumugam Rajendra Kumar , Annamalai Siva , Arivazhagan Archana , Parameswaran Sathiyarajeswaran
Published: January 2025

Background:

Anaemia poses a significant global public health challenge, especially affecting menstruating adolescent females, women during reproductive phases, and pediatric populations. The transitional period from childhood to adulthood is crucial, and anaemia during this phase can impede working ability, the cognitive function of the brain, and pubertal development, and more prone to infections. Nutritional deficiencies, particularly in iron, folic acid, and vitamin B12, are major contributors to anaemia, with inadequate nutrition accounting for over 60% of cases. In India, recent studies highlight the diverse types of anaemia among adolescents, and the Fifth National Family Health Survey indicates an alarming rise in anaemia prevalence in the population of Puducherry, emphasizing the need for this study. The study aims to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) and health-seeking behavior regarding anaemia in adolescent school girls in Puducherry, India.

Materials and Methods:

A school-based observational cross-sectional survey will be done on adolescent school girls (15–19 years) in both government and private (urban and rural levels) high and higher secondary schools of the district of Puducherry. The sample size is determined to be 576. Data will be collected through a structured questionnaire, translated for accuracy, and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences software.

Discussion:

This cross-sectional study will give an idea about the KAP in adolescent school girls of Puducherry and emphasize the need for a holistic approach to address its consequences. The research aims to bridge knowledge gaps, inform policies, and contribute insights for targeted interventions, striving toward a future generation free from anaemia burdens.
Dietary food habits, Varmam, and Yogam for improvement in women’s fertility as per Siddha
Authors: Krishna Swamy Srivarshini , Ezhilarasan Muruga Radha Devi Priya Dharshini , Ayothiraman Suraganeswar , Kolappan Nalina Saraswathi
Published: January 2025

Background:

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports say that the prevalence of infertility in India is between 3.9% and 16.8%. The All India Institute of Medical Sciences has estimated that 10% to 15% of couples in India have fertility issues. The traditional Siddha system of medicine cites in its literature on how a girl child can be a healthy fertile female right from her menarche through day-to-day activities and food habits. The primary objective of this study is to assess the relationship between lifestyle, obesity, and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) and to identify medicinally valued foods that are easily available to common people, along with Varmam and Yogasanam practices that are helpful in maintaining a healthy female body. The secondary objective is to compare the Varmam points with the daily activities that stimulate these points naturally.

Materials and Methods:

Traditional Siddha texts like Gunapadam (Mooligai), Varmam, and Yogasanam were used as sources for gathering information on gynecological disorders such as PCOS, amenorrhea, menorrhagia, obesity, and anemia.

Results:

There are nearly 35 plant families that can be regularly used in our daily diet to enhance the physiological and biological health of women. Additionally, there are nearly 20 Varmam points from Dhasa Nadi and Chakras that stimulate the Vaasi for reproductive health. These Varmam points can be naturally stimulated by daily activities that are incorporated in our traditional customs. There are nearly 10 Yogasanas that stimulate our chakras and help reduce stress.

Conclusion:

This study provides a broad perspective on managing gynecological disorders influenced by daily activities and explores the scientific basis behind traditional cultural practices.
Multi-target neural circuit reconstruction and enhancement in spinal cord injury
Authors: Cao Lingyun , Chen Siyun , Wang Shuping , Zheng Ya , Xu Dongsheng
Published: January 2025

After spinal cord injury, impairment of the sensorimotor circuit can lead to dysfunction in the motor, sensory, proprioceptive, and autonomic nervous systems. Functional recovery is often hindered by constraints on the timing of interventions, combined with the limitations of current methods. To address these challenges, various techniques have been developed to aid in the repair and reconstruction of neural circuits at different stages of injury. Notably, neuromodulation has garnered considerable attention for its potential to enhance nerve regeneration, provide neuroprotection, restore neurons, and regulate the neural reorganization of circuits within the cerebral cortex and corticospinal tract. To improve the effectiveness of these interventions, the implementation of multi-target early interventional neuromodulation strategies, such as electrical and magnetic stimulation, is recommended to enhance functional recovery across different phases of nerve injury. This review concisely outlines the challenges encountered following spinal cord injury, synthesizes existing neurostimulation techniques while emphasizing neuroprotection, repair, and regeneration of impaired connections, and advocates for multi-targeted, task-oriented, and timely interventions.
Nerve root magnetic stimulation regulates the synaptic plasticity of injured spinal cord by ascending sensory pathway
Authors: Zheng Ya , Cao Lingyun , Zhao Dan , Yang Qi , Gu Chunya , Mao Yeran , Zhu Guangyue , Zhu Yulian , Zhao Jing , Xu Dongsheng
Published: January 2025

JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202512000-00026/figure1/v/2025-01-31T122243Z/r/image-tiff

Promoting synaptic plasticity and inducing functional reorganization of residual nerve fibers hold clinical significance for restoring motor function following spinal cord injury. Neuromagnetic stimulation targeting the nerve roots has been shown to improve motor function by enhancing nerve conduction in the injured spinal cord and restoring the synaptic ultrastructure of both the sensory and motor cortex. However, our understanding of the neurophysiological mechanisms by which nerve root magnetic stimulation facilitates motor function recovery in the spinal cord is limited, and its role in neuroplasticity remains unclear. In this study, we established a model of spinal cord injury in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats by applying moderate compression at the T10 vertebra. We then performed magnetic stimulation on the L5 nerve root for 3 weeks, beginning on day 3 post-injury. At day 22 post-injury, we observed that nerve root magnetic stimulation downregulated the level of interleukin-6 in the injured spinal cord tissue of rats. Additionally, this treatment reduced neuronal damage and glial scar formation, and increased the number of neurons in the injured spinal cord. Furthermore, nerve root magnetic stimulation decreased the levels of acetylcholine, norepinephrine, and dopamine, and increased the expression of synaptic plasticity-related mRNA and proteins PSD95, GAP43, and Synapsin II. Taken together, these results showed that nerve root magnetic stimulation alleviated neuronal damage in the injured spinal cord, regulated synaptic plasticity, and suppressed inflammatory responses. These findings provide laboratory evidence for the clinical application of nerve root magnetic stimulation in the treatment of spinal cord injury.
Adeno-associated viral vectors for modeling Parkinson’s disease in non-human primates
Authors: Chocarro Julia , Lanciego José L.
Published: January 2025

The development of clinical candidates that modify the natural progression of sporadic Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies is a praiseworthy endeavor, but extremely challenging. Therapeutic candidates that were successful in preclinical Parkinson's disease animal models have repeatedly failed when tested in clinical trials. While these failures have many possible explanations, it is perhaps time to recognize that the problem lies with the animal models rather than the putative candidate. In other words, the lack of adequate animal models of Parkinson's disease currently represents the main barrier to preclinical identification of potential disease-modifying therapies likely to succeed in clinical trials. However, this barrier may be overcome by the recent introduction of novel generations of viral vectors coding for different forms of alpha-synuclein species and related genes. Although still facing several limitations, these models have managed to mimic the known neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease with unprecedented accuracy, delineating a more optimistic scenario for the near future.
What is the pathophysiology of inflammation-induced cortical injury in the perinatal brain?
Authors: Kelly Sharmony B. , Gunn Alistair J. , Hunt Rodney W. , Galinsky Robert
Published: January 2025

Perinatal exposure to infection/inflammation is highly associated with neural injury, and subsequent impaired cortical growth, disturbances in neuronal connectivity, and impaired neurodevelopment. However, our understanding of the pathophysiological substrate underpinning these changes in brain structure and function is limited. The objective of this review is to summarize the growing evidence from animal trials and human cohort studies that suggest exposure to infection/ inflammation during the perinatal period promotes regional impairments in neuronal maturation and function, including loss of high-frequency electroencephalographic activity, and reduced growth and arborization of cortical dendrites and dendritic spines resulting in reduced cortical volume. These inflammation-induced disturbances to neuronal structure and function are likely to underpin subsequent disturbances to cortical development and connectivity in fetuses and/or newborns exposed to infection/inflammation during the perinatal period, leading, in the long term, to impaired neurodevelopment. The combined use of early electroencephalography monitoring with neuroimaging techniques that enable detailed evaluation of brain microstructure, and the use of therapeutics that successfully target systemic and central nervous system inflammation could provide an effective strategy for early detection and therapeutic intervention.
The clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors of duodenal lateral wall fistula
Authors: Lei Lei , Wang Runnan , Wu Zhihong , Zhang Yongxi , Liu Lei , Luo Zaisheng , Xie Weifeng , Zheng Tao
Published: January 2025

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the clinical characteristics, prognosis, and high-risk factors affecting the outcomes of duodenal lateral wall fistulas, with the goal of improving treatment strategies.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the China Intestinal Fistula and Intra-abdominal Infection Registry System, including 142 patients hospitalized with duodenal lateral wall fistula between January 1 and December 31, 2018.

Results:

The primary diagnoses included gastrointestinal ulcers/perforations, biliary diseases, and trauma, with 82.4% of patients presenting a single fistula and 17.6% having fistulas in other locations. The overall mortality rate was 10.6%, and 89.4% of patients achieved recovery through either conservative or surgical treatment. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified age ≥60 years (odd ratio [OR] = 44.375, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.676–735.822), presence of fistulas in additional locations (OR = 16.54, 95% CI: 1.744–156.913), and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (OR = 238.447, 95% CI: 9.496– 5987.78) as independent risk factors for mortality.

Conclusions:

Findings indicate that advanced age, fistula location, and MODS are critical determinants of prognosis in duodenal lateral wall fistula patients, underscoring the need for focused management in these high-risk groups.
Review of the book “Lord of Death: Capitalism, War and the Slave Trade. Portugal, Angola and Brazil (1640-1770)” by Maximiliano Menz
Authors: Costa Daniel
Published: January 2025

Em Senhor da Morte: Capitalismo, Guerra e Comércio de Escravos. Portugal, Angola e Brasil (1640-1770), Maximiliano Menz busca, por meio de densa pesquisa documental, discutir a constituição dos laços comerciais entre Portugal, Angola e América portuguesa, revelando a complexidade dos circuitos comerciais e sociais que ligavam as três regiões.
Enhance food security: Sustained release of clove essential oil microcapsules
Authors: Wu Haochen , Jiang Tao , Chen Xiaohong , Liu Ping
Published: January 2025

Foodborne illnesses remain a significant concern in the realm of public health. Managing food spoilage and controlling pathogenic microorganisms rely on synthetic chemicals, regrettably accompanied by various unfavourable attributes. In response to the escalating demand for innovative and secure alternative approaches, there has been a surge in the investigation of naturally sourced agents possessing antimicrobial characteristics, among which essential oils stand out. This study focuses on improving the stability of clove essential oil (CEO), and to achieve controlled release, the CEO microcapsules are prepared by solvent evaporation method with ethyl cellulose as the wall material. The results indicated optimum technological conditions: wall material mass fraction of 3%, core wall ratio of 1.0:1.5, emulsifier mass fraction of 8% and shear rate of 14000 r/min. Under these conditions, the encapsulation efficiency is 81.28%, and the yield rate is 90.58%. The CEOM were spherical with a size of 1.43-3.92 μm and had good thermal stability. The microcapsule under 50% ethanol showed a faster release rate and significant release amount. The microencapsulation of CEO with ethyl cellulose can not only improve the stability of CEO but also realise the controlled release of CEO, which has tremendous application value in antibacterial packaging.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(4), 749-761.                                                               
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i4.11
Structure and magnetism of a linear tetranuclear nickel complex ligated by compartmental ligand
Authors: Zhang Feng , Chen Yun , Feng Jia-Nan , Sun Jian-Hua , Huang Ching-Cheng
Published: January 2025

A new nickel(II) complex [Ni4L3(acac)2(H2O)2]·2DMF·Et2O (1) (acac = acetylacetonate, and DMF = N,N′-dimethylformamide) was isolated in solid crystalline form with the reaction of nickel(II) acetylacetonate and compartmental Schiff base ligand 1,2-bis(2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene) hydrazine (H2L). Single crystal X-ray analysis showed that the complex has a linear tetranuclear structure. In the complex, an unusual μ3– and μ4–bridging modes of Ligand L2- were coexisting. Variable-temperature magnetic studies revealed that weak antiferromagnetic interaction exists between the nickel(II) ions coupling through phenoxide−O atoms and −N−N− bridging moieties.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(4), 781-789.                                                           
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i4.13
Investigating the comparative adsorption of methyl orange and methyl green on commercial bentonite
Authors: Rezala Houria , Romero Amaya , Tidjani Naoual
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the utilization of commercial bentonite obtained from Biochem Chemopharma Company, in France, as an adsorbent for the anionic dye methyl orange (MO) and cationic dye methyl green (MG) in aqueous solutions. The material was analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Nitrogen adsorption at 77 K and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were performed for characterization. The study evaluated the impact of various experimental parameters such as contact time, solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial dye concentration, and temperature. Batch adsorption studies revealed that MO exhibited a maximum of 90 mg/g in an acidic medium, with an equilibrium time of 20 min and an adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L. On the other hand, MG demonstrated maximum adsorption of 165 mg/g in a natural medium, with an equilibrium time of 5 minutes and an adsorbent dose of 0.6 g/L. The adsorption of MO followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the isotherms were well-fitted by the Freundlich model for MO and both Freundlich and Langmuir models for MG. Thermodynamic analysis indicated an exothermic, spontaneous, and physical adsorption process. Lastly, the adsorption performance of commercial bentonite for MO was compared with that of MG.
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(4), 643-657.                                                             
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i4.4
Phytochemical profiling, acute toxicity and haemostatic effects of methanol leaf extract of Acanthus montanus (Nees) T. Anderson (Acanthaceae)
Authors: Osigwe Chinyelu Clementina , Nwaorusha Chijindu Anderline , Odion Emmanuel Eimiomodebheki
Published: January 2025

Acanthus montanus leaf is used in African trado-medicine as a haemostatic agent, which could be ascribed to its bioactive principles. This study evaluated phytoconstituents and haemostatic potential of Acanthus montanus methanol leaf extract in albino Wistar rats, as well as acute toxicity in mice. Methanol extract of Acanthus montanus was analysed for phytochemicals by standard protocol and High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Acute toxicity was determined using established method, while the haemostatic parameters were determined using tail bleeding time and blood clotting time in albino Wistar rats at 200, 400 and 800 mg /kg b.w.; administered by gavage once daily for nine days. Alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides and steroids were inferred from thephytochemical screening. Nineteen phytoconstituents were identified and quantified via HPLC, with catechin and rutin showing documented evidence of haemostatic effect. Acanthus montanus was considered safe since no death or change in behaviour was observed at maximum dose of 5000 mg/kg b w. A significantly dose dependent decrease (P<0.001) in clotting and bleeding time was noted across the groups. The 800 mg/kg treated group was comparable to vitamin K (10mg/kg b w) treated group. This reaffirms the traditional use of Acanthus montanus leaf as haemostatic agent.
Anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of ethanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum L. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Ior Lydia D. , Rwang Florence F. , Daniel Abigail A. , Ede Samuel O. , Datok Tongret
Published: January 2025

Ocimum gratissimum, commonly known as clove basil or aromatic basil, has been traditionally utilized for its potential medicinal benefits, including anxiolytic and antidepressant effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anxiolytic and antidepressant properties of methanol extract of Ocimum gratissimum at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg po. Using a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress (CUMS) model, mice were divided into 5 groups (n = 6/group). The animals were weighed during the CUMS exposure to monitor stress-induced changes. The negative control group received normal saline, while the positive control group was administered Imipramine (30 mg/kg po) and three treatment groups received the extract. Behavioural responses were assessed using the elevated plus maze, open field test, and forced swim test, with body weight changes monitored as a stress indicator. Results showed that animals treated with O. gratissimum extract at all doses tested showed significant reductions in anxiety-like and depressive-like behaviourscompared to the negative control. Weight loss, a common indicator of stress, was significantly mitigated in the O. gratissimum treated groups. These findings suggest that O. gratissimum possesses substantial anxiolytic and antidepressant effects, with higher doses showing greater efficacy and improved weight maintenance, supporting its traditional use in managing anxiety and depression.
Arabica coffee arthropod pests and their management: Current status and future prospective
Authors: Shimales Tamiru , Alemayehu Desalegn
Published: January 2025

Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) is one of the most important commodities that is cultivated in various agro-ecologies of Ethiopia. The perennial and evergreen nature of the coffee favors attack by several insects, diseases, mites, and some gastropods such as snails and slugs. All parts of the plants are susceptible to be attacked, and damage could appear at different crop growth stages. Coffee insects damage seedling, reduce coffee yield and quality. Many insects found in coffee agroforestry system are not pests; many are even beneficial as they feed upon the coffee pest species. Worldwide over 3000 insects and mites are associated with coffee. In Ethiopia, more than 59 arthropod pests have been identified and documented in coffee from 1966 till the present. From identified arabica coffee arthropods in the country around 30.51% are Hemiptera order whereas 28.81% are Lepidoptera order. Glasshouse orthezia (Insignorthezia insignis), mealybugs (Planococcus spp. and Pseudococcus spp.) and greenhouse whiteflies (Trialeurodes spp.) are the pest currently recorded in Ethiopia. Besides, due to changing farm dynamics from time to time and current climate change, some previously uncommon pests are appearing and discussed in this review. Coffee insect pests are more problematic in coffee plantation system. Pesticide-free pest management options under changing climatic conditions are crucial. As future prospective, it is very important to conserve natural enemies through the diversification in the coffee farms. In future, identifying the impacts of climate change on coffee associated insect species, and mass rearing and release of natural control agents could allow for the sustainable production in Ethiopia. Therefore, this review presents the past, current status of coffee arthropod pests and their management options in Ethiopia.
INTELIGENCIA EMOCIONAL EN UNIVERSITARIOS: REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Mantilla Gil Jessica Gabriela
Published: January 2025

La inteligencia emocional es una habilidad fundamental para el desarrollo personal y el éxito en diversos ámbitos de la vida; sin embargo, en el campo de la educación y formación de las personas, es normalmente dejado de lado. Es por ello, que la presente investigación busca aportar a nivel teórico el discernimiento y la sistematización de información que permitan comprender la influencia de la inteligencia emocional en el desarrollo educativo de estudiantes universitarios. El estudio es una revisión sistemática que sintetiza de manera estructurada yrigurosa la información existente. Es importante destacar que para el análisis solo se tomaron en cuenta artículos de revistas indexadas y de acceso abierto. El presente artículo demuestra que la inteligencia emocional desempeña un papel crucial en el éxito personal y académico de los estudiantes universitarios, así como, permitir una mejor adaptación al entorno universitario y una mayor satisfacción de la vida, aunque esto se pueda ver influenciado por diversas variables como el género, la edad y el entorno sociocultural.
Klimaschutz als kommunale Aufgabe - Ökonomische Rechtfertigung, föderale Zuständigkeitsverteilung und Festlegung des Objektbereichs
Authors: Döring Thomas , Thöne Michael
Published: January 2025

Contrary to superficial considerations that climate protection should be regarded solely as a national, if not primarily supranational, govern-mental task, measures to combat climate change and its negative con-sequences require political action at all federal levels from an economic perspective. This explicitly includes the level of local authorities. In view of this, this article draws on the economic theory of federalism to identify the most important justification arguments for a significant municipal contribution to climate protection and adaptation. This is followed by a closer look at the fundamental options for shaping legis-lative, implementation and financing powers in relation to climate poli-cy measures by local authorities. Finally, there is a more detailed con-sideration of the different starting points for climate protection and ad-aptation measures at local authority level.
Mi breve recorrido por las encefalitis autoinmunes
Authors: Castro Eduardo
Published: January 2025

El libro de Posner sobre síndromes paraneoplásicos había despertado mi interés por la relación entre cáncer y manifestaciones a distancia en el sistema nervioso central y periférico. Correspondía a una combinación de síntomas y signos secundarios al daño producido por una neoplasia, remota al sistema nervioso, como tumores pulmonares, dando manifestaciones de una encefalitis o de un síndrome miasténico (Eaton-Lambert). Eran entidades muy raras, presentes en menos de 1% de los pacientes con cáncer. La localización de los antígenos sobre los que actuaban estos anticuerpos (Hu, Yo, Ma, Ri, CV2) era dentro de la célula, sobre todo en el interior del núcleo de las neuronas. El antígeno, expresado en la célula nerviosa y en el tumor, era poco probable que tuviera carácter patogénico; era un epifenómeno y la respuesta inmune sería mediada por células T citotóxicas. Así, la respuesta a la inmunoterapia era muy pobre y el pronóstico del paciente, muy malo. Se identificaron pocos casos. Encontré a los oncólogos poco entusiasmados por este tema pues su interés era la reducción del tamaño del tumor o las nuevas opciones de quimio y radio terapias. Pensamos en interesar a los internistas, advirtiendo que los síntomas podían preceder en algún tiempo a la aparición del cáncer, generalmente en tamaño pequeño y desarrollo inicial, donde podíamos actuar precozmente. Todavía no veo resultados.
Epilepsia, hiperia y mística en Hildegarda de Bingen.
Authors: Herrera-Aliaga Eduardo , Cortés Manuel E.
Published: January 2025

Señora Editora: La epilepsia es una condición conocida desde la Antigüedad. Actualmente, se concibe como un «concepto» que engloba diversos cuadros y que comparten —como proceso común— las descargas repetitivas de alta frecuencia.

Clínicamente, se define por alguna de las siguientes condiciones: i. Al menos dos convulsiones no provocadas (o reflejas) que ocurren con más 24 horas de diferencia; ii. Una convulsión no provocada y probabilidad (60%) de más convulsiones, después de dos convulsiones no provocadas, que ocurran durante los próximos diez años; y iii. Diagnóstico de un síndrome de epilepsia. Diversas personas relevantes en la historia de la humanidad han padecido epilepsia, siendo posible que Hildegarda de Bingen, fuera una de ellas. Esta Carta a la Editora tiene como objetivo discutir la probable presencia de epilepsia e hiperia en esta mística, abadesa benedictina y polímata alemana.
Discapacidad e inclusión educativa en la enseñanza superior de Honduras: Lecciones aprendidas
Authors: Paz-Maldonado Eddy
Published: January 2025

La discapacidad en Honduras continúa visualizándose desde una perspectiva médica, dado que la evidencia científica publicada sobre dicha materia es escasa. Bajo esta línea la administración universitaria ha establecido medidas de atención y ha tomado decisiones, reforzando la idea de que la discapacidad es sinónimo de limitación. Estas acciones propician escenarios reproductores de exclusión, discriminación y estigmatización hacia el alumnado en tal condición, que asiste cotidianamente a las universidades hondureñas, pero mayormente aquellas de carácter público donde se concentran una gran cantidad de estudiantes.
Desarrollo psicomotor y funciones ejecutivas en la primera infancia: Un enfoque interdisciplinario para la educación integral.
Authors: Torres Gómez-Garfias María Angélica , Álvarez Aranda Nelly , Pozo Pozo Camila
Published: January 2025

Estimada Editora: Me dirijo a ustedes para reflexionar sobre el artículo "Relación entre el desarrollo psicomotor y funciones ejecutivas en la primera infancia de niños/as de 3 a 5 años." El estudio explora la interconexión entre el desarrollo psicomotor y las funciones ejecutivas en esta franja de edad, subrayando la trascendencia de un sólido desarrollo motor para el avance hacia habilidades cognitivas más complejas. El currículo de la infancia temprana considera el desarrollo motor como un pilar fundamental, donde el movimiento no solo promueve el crecimiento físico, sino también se entrelaza con aspectos cognitivos y emocionales, abogando por un enfoque integrado.
RINOPLASTIA: MÁS ALLÁ DE LO ESTÉTICO, UN PROCEDIMIENTO QUE PUEDE MEJORAR LA SALUD MENTAL. INFORME DE CASO
Authors: Pérez Vaca José Julián , Almendros Mello Arnaldo
Published: January 2025

Introducción. La rinoplastia es un procedimiento descrito desde los inicios de la medicina, actualmente se encuentra dentro de las cinco cirugías estéticas que más se realizan a nivel mundial y hasta el momento ha sido considerada estrictamente como un procedimiento estético y prohibitiva por muchos servicios de salud pública, puesto que no se considera el componente psicológico que puede afectar la estructura bio-psico-social de la persona. Presentación del caso: Presentamos un caso clínico en el cual la deformidad nasal de la paciente implica una alteración en la autopercepción y su relación con el entorno socio-familiar, se aplicó la Escala DASS-21 pre-quirúrgica obteniendo: depresión, ansiedad y estrés severo por lo que se decide realizar una rinoplastia en el servicio de salud pública, se realizaron controles post-quirúrgicos de la Escala DASS-21 obteniendo una mejoría notable del componente psicológico de la paciente. Conclusiones: La deformidad nasal junto con un componente psicológico se transforma en una Enfermedad que debería ser atendida por los servicios de Salud Pública.
MALNUTRICIÓN INFANTIL POSPANDEMIA: UNA VISIÓN DE ECUADOR
Authors: Galarza-Galarza Cinthia Katherine , Varela-Polit Luis Felipe , Kroll-Chica Connie Daniela , Robayo Poveda Doménica Monserrath
Published: January 2025

Introducción: ELa desnutrición infantil representa uno de los principales desafíos para el desarrollo humano en Ecuador. La llegada de la pandemia de COVID-19 ha intensificado las dificultades ya existentes. Objetivo: Este artículo científico tiene como objetivo evaluar los efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 sobre la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional en Ecuador. Métodos: Se basa en una revisión con enfoque narrativo para lo cual se seleccionaron artículos científicos publicados entre 2019 y 2024 que analizan la desnutrición infantil a nivel global, latinoamerica y de Ecuador, las fuentes de información incluyen bases de datos como Science Direct, Scielo y Web of Science. Resultados: La pandemia por COVID-19 ha exacerbado la malnutrición infantil debido al deterioro de las condiciones socioeconómicas, la interrupción de programas de alimentación escolar y la acentuación de desigualdades regionales afectando, especialmente a las poblaciones más vulnerables como las comunidades rurales e indígenas. Discusión: La malnutrición compromete la salud infantil e impacta directamente sobre el bienestar familiar y el desarrollo económico del país. La crisis provocada por la pandemia ha agudizado problemas preexistentes, subrayando la necesidad urgente de políticas sostenibles que aborden la desnutrición y fortalezcan la seguridad alimentaria en Ecuador.Conclusión: La malnutrición infantil en Ecuador es un problema complejo ligado a factores socioeconómicos y desigualdades regionales. Es crucial adoptar políticas alimentarias inclusivas, optimizar los programas de alimentación escolar y desarrollar investigaciones sobre su impacto para garantizar un futuro más equitativo y saludable para los niños en el país.