bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The capacities of education in overcoming the fear of unemployment in the context of the COVID crisis
Authors: Kecap Edisa
Published: September 2023

The goal of this empirical research is to study and examine the capacities of education in overcoming the fear of job loss in times of crisis, such as the COVID pandemic. We have obtained data from a sample comprising 428 employed subjects on the territory of Belgrade during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of the research provide an answer to the following questions: how prevalent is the fear of job loss in the subjects' opinion; what are the educational interventions the subjects participated in to overcome the fear of job loss and what are the capacities of education in overcoming this kind of fear, in their opinion. Additionally, the obtained data demonstrate that the research subjects have had more participation in educational interventions, predominantly in the sphere of obtaining information and counseling, and training to a lesser degree. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the fear of job loss is more pronounced in employees with lower levels of education and that the more highly educated employees hold in higher regard the capacities of education in overcoming the fear of job loss.
Owning one's time: Balancing online learning and leisure
Authors: Nikolić Tamara
Published: September 2023

The aim of the paper is to present a part of the wider research with students of Andragogy at the Faculty of Philosophy in Belgrade as research participants, which concerned their experience of online learning in their formal education. Only one aspect of that relationship is presented within this paper-that which refers to balancing online learning and students' leisure. In the situation of a rapid transition to online learning, students were faced with the sudden need for redefining that relationship and found themselves in a situation to re-create their time, dedicated to both learning and their lei-sure. The analysis of their narratives reveals several significant discursive elements in the experience of leisure during the crisis situation caused by the Sars-Cov-2 virus pandemic, in relation to the experience of studying online. First of all, online studying is perceived as an obligation that requires the organization of compulsory and free time. In doing so, everyone is personally responsible for its own time management. Leisure comes as secondary to more important tasks, after learning and fulfilling obligations, while in the organization of time the major difficulty is the loss of the framework, which in this case is the transition to online learning environment.
Consequences the development of new technologies on human rights
Authors: Mudrinić Ljiljana
Published: September 2023

Human rights in the context of new technologies have been gradually deteriorating in recent decades, and this process has been further accelerated by the pandemic. New technologies can still positively using them and turning them into a strategic asset. While three may be legitimate security-related uses, it is also used to suppress freedoms in totalitarian societies. Through new technologies, human rights have been given new opportunities to violet in various ways. Therefore, they carry certain risks and unknown long-term effects. Here we examine the digitization of legal practice, problems with the use of internet platforms and their ethics, but also the rights of individuals in the benefits of using scientific's and technological progress. Problems in the field of artificial intelligence and neuro-law, as well as information and telecommunication technologies are discussed. Through these areas and state oversight, there are greater opportunities for the right to violate the right to privacy.
National security and the challenges of the digital age
Authors: Lakušić Milovan , Baltezarević Ivana
Published: September 2023

Digital technologies, in addition to the many benefits they provide to humanity, are increasingly becoming a tool in the hands of cybercriminals. Cyberspace can no longer be considered a place where Internet users can feel safe while performing their activities, such as communicating with other virtual members, searching for information, doing business or searching for entertainment content. Many sources of information cannot be considered credible, but unfortunately a large percentage of the population, due to insufficient levels of digital literacy, cannot recognize this. There are countless examples in which cyber attackers harm gullible people, most often through social networks, causing them material and emotional damage. In some other cases, such attacks in a cyber environment can take much more complex forms and damage even the states themselves. As in the case of traditional terrorism in the real world, cyber terrorism has the same motives, to provoke fear in one part of the population, in order to put pressure on the government to meet their conditions. However, unlike traditional terrorism, instead of weapons, cyber terrorism uses digital tools to spread propaganda, recruit ideological like-minded people or organize terrorist attacks. In more serious cases, cyber terrorists can also threaten the critical infrastructure of the state, which directly affects national security. The costs of such cyber action are low, so that even after one failed attempt, the attackers do not lose motivation to try again. The hackers' adaptability to technological innovations and updates is at an enviable level, which must be an alarm that will force governments to cooperate with each other and regularly improve cyber security strategies and thus protect their population, critical infrastructure and economic development.
Civil judiciary and civil justice
Authors: Nikolova-Marković Aleksandra
Published: September 2023

The term "civil justice" as used here encompasses a wide range of issues related to civil procedural law, as part of EU legislation such as the "European judicial area" or the "European legal zone", where "judicial cooperation in civil matter" is intended as a means to achieve the greater goal of progressively establishing the "area of freedom, security and justice". Civil judiciary is not limited to the notion of useful "cooperation" between judicial authorities in different Member States in the context of ongoing litigation. Instead, more far-reaching (and politically sensitive) measures are envisaged, such as measures to harmonize the rules of civil procedure and the effects of judicial decisions outside the borders of the Member State making the decision.
Civil law between law and precedent
Authors: Nikolova-Marković Aleksandra
Published: September 2023

The most obvious difference between civil law and the common law system is that the civil law system is a codified system, followed by legislation covering this area, while common law is based mainly on case law. The basic principle that applies is that earlier court decisions, usually of higher courts, made in a similar case, should be followed in later cases, ie that precedents should be respected. The paper points out that in civil law the main principles and rules are contained in the text of the law, while case law is only a secondary source of law. On the other hand, common law is predominantly based on court decisions already made. Civil law is based on the application of the law, and common law on the creation of rights. Courts in the civil law system resolve specific cases by applying and interpreting legal norms, while in common law courts, while resolving disputes, and also provide guidance on how similar disputes should be resolved in the future, so that court decisions create legislation.
Inflation and exchange rate policy: Effects on foreign trade exchange of the Republic of Serbia: Commercial law and economic aspect: Perspectives and future of business
Authors: Pavlović Radica , Veselinović Ana
Published: September 2023

The process of globalization, deregulation and liberalization of the market, international dominance has several significant aspects, first of all, taking into account the turbulence, complexity and uncertainty of business as well as the application of regulations subject to change, which has significant negative implications of all types of economic policy of the domicile country, but also a dominant influence international institutions. As economic policy through price (inflation) and exchange rate policy has a significant impact on foreign trade exchange and trade contracts in legal transactions through the positioning, competitiveness, growth and development of the Republic of Serbia both on the domestic and international markets, where the so-called of the principle of "victory of the stronger", the influence of imperialist forces, political influence and world oligarchy should be considered in the context of the future and the perspective and future of business of domestic companies as well as the economic policy itself. Therefore, the goal of this work is to connect knowledge from the legal and economic domains, to focus on the eff ECT of inflation and exchange rate policy and their influence in foreign trade exchange and international financial headquarters as challenges facing science and the profession, bearing in mind all the implications that have been stated and they are of crucial importance for the future of international business.
The revised Swiss arbitration law
Authors: Gabriel Simon , Schmidgall Roxane
Published: September 2023

Arbitration is a popular method for the effective and efficient resolution of commercial disputes. Switzerland, with its tradition of neutrality and cultural diversity, has become one of the leading places for arbitration worldwide. In 2021, Switzerland enacted its revised arbitration law, Chapter 12 of the Swiss Private International Law Act. e revision introduced new provisions, which make the arbitration law more accessible for foreign users. At the same time, the legislator avoided overloading the law with unnecessary provisions. e Swiss arbitration law remains concise and straightforward and will continue to serve the international arbitration community well.
Performing notarial duties in the process of conclusion of maintenance agreements with foreign element: A few remarks from the view of private international law
Authors: Đorđević Slavko
Published: September 2023

While performing notarial duties in the process of conclusion of maintenance agreement with foreign element, Serbian notary public has to determine the law applicable to this agreement according to which he/she explains to the parties the meaning of this agreement, advises (warns) them about its effects and examines whether this agreement is admissible. Considering that the law applicable to maintenance agreements is to be determined by con ict-of-law rules of the Hague Protocol on the Law Appplicable to Maintenance Obligations of 2007, this paper aims to explain which provisions of this international instrument should be applied and in which manner be interpreted by Serbian notary public, when he/she participates in the conclusion of child support agreement and agreement on spousal maintenance. In addition, the author deals with situations in which parties want to conclude child support agreement before Serbian public notary after the final Serbian or foreign court decision, which determines the amount of maintenance, has been rendered.
Law as program code: Introductory remarks
Authors: Cvetković Predrag
Published: September 2023

Coding of of legal rules is the process of converting a legal norm into one of the programming languages. A legal rule that exists in both text and computer code/program form is labeled as the "Law as Code" (LAC). The optimal goal of the LAC methodology is to enable the meaning of the norm in written form to be preserved in its version in programming code. The scope and importance of the LAC have been recognized in the EU Law: there are also general documents adopted by individual states as a guide for its application. The success of the above-mentioned process is monitored in three ways: through the introduction of "controllers", the implementation of testing and the application of the regulatory sandbox methodology. The implementation of the LAC methodology requires a multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach (public and private sector involvement: such an approach is necessary considering the dynamics and constant changes in the development of technology that accompanies the described process. The role of legal expertise in this case is parallel to that of technological experts: these roles are not exclusive, but should have a synergistic effect.
Value orientations of modern taxation
Authors: Dimitrijević Marina
Published: September 2023

A comprehensive overview and understanding of modern taxation inevitably imply identifying the basic values towards which it is oriented. The noticeable dynamics of social relations, the rise of digital technologies, the complex international-economic, international-political and civilizational phenomenology of today's world make taxation an area of considerable intertwining of numerous interests. Those interests promote different values and it is uncertain which of them will prevail in a mutual confrontation. The paper advocates the position that the value orientations of taxation of the 2020's, in addition to mere factual appearance, contain in their essence, not always easily discernible, determinations of more permanent validity in terms of modelling a different appearance of taxation in the future and, ultimately, reaching a certain social transformation. Every age is a new "trap", and in that context, the importance of responsible profiling of social priorities in the tax sphere in current conditions should not be neglected. Taxation has a strong impact on individuals, social groups and relationships established between them and should be constantly in the function of maintaining social order and realizing a humane vision of the development of society.
The importance of the Danube river and the role of the Yugoslav river flotilla (1918-1953)
Authors: Prodanić Vanja , Tanasić Jasmina
Published: September 2023

The part of the Danube within the region of Southeast Europe was often at the center of numerous conflicts and military confrontations during both world wars, as well as the subject of intelligence activities of foreign powers. Therefore, the existence of a modern and strong River Flotilla was of great importance for the Yugoslav state and the defence of its vital interests. The subject of this research is the development of the Yugoslav River Flotilla on the Danube river from the end of the First World War to 1953, analyzing the contents of available literature and documents, while the main aim is to learn whether the investment in equipping and strengthening this unit was comparable to the strategic importance that the Danube had for the great European powers of that time, as well as for other countries in the Danube basin region, but above all for the Yugoslav State. The basic research question is whether the River Flotilla was given strategic importance in terms of equipment and technical condition of ships, considering the challenges that this unit was facing with. The geographical position of the Danube puts it among the most important geopolitical and strategic points on our continent. Through the events in the First and Second World War, history has shown that the Danube played a very important role in combat operations and that the activities of the River Flotillas influenced the further war outcomes. There is no doubt that the Yugoslav State, in the context of the opportunities provided by the Danube with all its tributaries, needed a developed and modern river fleet. However, that did not happen, considering the fact that for the most of the time from the end of the First World War, the renewal of ships and other important means was out of the spot, comparing it to naval units. The conclusion might be that investing in the River Flotilla was inversely proportional to the strategic importance that the Danube had, especially in crucial moments.
Anatomía, Fisiología y Patología del Big Data
Authors: Leale Guillermo
Published: September 2023

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo hacer un análisis sobre los principios, funcionamiento y desafíos futuros del Big Data, desde la perspectiva de la Minería de Datos, haciendo una des- cripción informático-clínica en tres tomos. El Tomo I versará sobre la anatomía del Big Data, en tren de buscar una forma de diseccionarlo en sus conceptos fundamentales. Por su parte, el Tomo II será una descripción de su fisiología, para poder descubrir su funcionamiento a la luz de las tareas de la Minería de Datos. Finalmente, el Tomo III pondrá la lupa sobre las patologías del Big Data, entendiéndolas como nuevos desafíos a ser superados con las nuevas Tecnologías de la Información.
Perspectivas regulatorias en materia de medios de comunicación y convergencia de tecnologías
Authors: Martínez Fazzalari Raúl
Published: September 2023

Asistimos a un cambio en la forma de comunicarnos, en donde la confluencia de redes, contenidos, servicios y datos sean audiovisuales, de telecomunicaciones o de cualquier otro, se unificaron. Este artículo realiza un análisis acerca de sus normativas en materia de nuevas tecnologías y el desafío de pensar una red en donde los peligros continuarán y adquirirán nuevas características, en donde los reguladores deberán estar atentos a las formas de encararlos con mecanismos que contemplen soluciones concretas y posibles.
Periodismo y conflictos armados: el proceso de paz colombiano entre el Gobierno y las FARC-EP en el periódico El Tiempo
Authors: Ramirez López John , Ponte Cristina
Published: September 2023

La prensa escrita actúa como representadora de modelos sociales y como agente creador de nuevas perspectivas culturales y de expectativas sociales. La selección de determinados temas y el lenguaje utilizado para divulgarlos, refuerza su poder de influencia, hecho que, sumado a la cada vez mayor presencia del poder económico y político en los medios de comunicación, obliga a enriquecer las discusiones sobre las responsabilidades que debe asumir el periodismo mundial en momentos de innumerables crisis e inestabilidades políticas. Un buen medidor para reflexionar sobre esto es el proceso de paz en Colombia, tanto por la tradición de la prensa escrita dentro de la idiosincrasia del país, como por lo polarizada que es la sociedad colombiana tras vivir tantas décadas en conflicto. Poner fin a una guerra interna de más de 60 años, desde luego que es un excelente indicador para tales propósitos y es precisamente hacía donde apunta este artículo de investigación. En virtud de lo anterior, se analizó el primer aniversario del Acuerdo de Paz entre el gobierno colombiano de Juan Manuel Santos y las FARC-EP en la edición web del periódico El Tiempo, el más leído en Colombia. La muestra correspondió al año 2017, y a través de ella se analizó un total de 278 noticias. Dentro de los principales hallazgos, se encontró que el Acuerdo de Paz fue divulgado de manera oficialista y gobiernista, dando mayor visibilidad y relevancia a los actores del gobierno, priorizando así sus discursos en consonancia con la comunidad internacional, que invirtió importantes recursos económicos para apoyar el proceso de paz colombiano.
Editorial
Authors:   Maria das Graças Vale Barbosa Guerra
Published: September 2023

Neste volume da Revista de Ciências da Saúde da Amazônia, apresentamos os resumos científicos do II Simpósio sobre doença de Chagas na Amazônia Ocidental. Estão aqui os resultados de pesquisas experimentais, clínicas e epidemiológicas, que versam amplamente sobre a Doença de Chagas, em vários aspectos.
Internet Addiction And Self-Learning: The Impact Of Uncontrolled Smartphone Use On Teenagers' Educational Outcomes
Authors: Hommane Boudine,  , Meriem Bentaleb,  , Khalid Mrigua,  , Mohamed Tayebi
Published: September 2023

The study aimed to reveal the relationship between indiscriminate use of smartphones and academic achievement among high school adolescents aged between 15 and 19, for a sample of 52 girls and boys. We employed a correlational descriptive approach to explore the association between two variables, using both the Pearson correlation coefficient and the T-test for analysis of the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) of Youg and the forward digit span test to measure the phonological loop, the reverse digit span test to measure the central administrator, and the Corsi block test to provide a framework for the theoretical and methodological analysis of blind uses of the digital tool among adolescents, to verify the existence of a statistically significant correlation between the uncontrolled use of smartphones and academic success.
Knowledge, Attitudes And Practices Of Paediatricians On The Management Of Childhood Eye Diseases In Ghana
Authors: Bonsaana Gilbert Batieka , Yakubu Rafiuk Cosmos , Wanyama Peter Situma , Nuertey Benjamin Demah
Published: September 2023

Objective: To explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of paediatricians on the management of eye diseases among children in Ghana.

Methodology: This was a mixed model study, both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed among paediatricians practicing in hospitals across Ghana who consented to the study. Consecutive sampling was used to select participants. Self-administered, semi-structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews and focused group discussions were used to collect relevant data. Analysis was carried out with STATA version 14.

Results: More than half (53, 60.2%) of Paediatricians practicing in Ghana had good knowledge of childhood eye diseases. Although almost all (89, 98.9%) paediatricians disagreed with the statement that ‘eye examination in children should be done only when the caregiver complains’ and a majority (79, 87.8%) of paediatricians responded “yes” to the question ‘do you do eye examination in children?’, fifty four (59.3%) indicated that in practice they only examined a child’s eye when the caregiver reports that the child has an eye problem, and only 24 (26.4%) indicated it was a routine part of every child’s examination in their practice. In addition, all paediatricians disagreed with the statement that ‘eye examination in children can only be done by an eye care worker’. These assertions were clarified during the in-depth interviews and focused group discussions where paediatricians conceded that only general inspection of the eyes is done when examining the eyes of children.

Conclusion: Paediatricians had satisfactory knowledge and good attitude towards childhood eye diseases. However, their practices regarding childhood eye disease management were poor.
Plankton Community of the Halda River, Chattogram
Authors: Ahmad Al Nahid Sk. , Fakhruddin Md., , Uz Zaman Hasan , Arfine Shimu Shahida , Rana Saifuddin
Published: September 2023

The study was designed to know the status of plankton population of spawning ground of Halda River, Bangladesh during April to September 2017. Samples were collected from four locations [Estuary (Kalurghat), Khondokiakhal, Modunaghat and Sattarghat] by using Kemmerer water sampler and passed through the plankton net (25 µm). Total number of plankton cell was counted by using Sedgewick-Rafter(S-R) cell and expressed in cells/L. Total number of 20, 14, 19, and 20 genera of phytoplankton were recorded in Estuary, Khondokiakhal, Modunaghat and Sattarghat respectively belonging to Bacillariophyceae (11), Chlorophyceae (3), Cyanophyta (3), Dinophyceae (2) and Pyrrophyta (1). Total number of 4, 4, 5, and 5 zooplankton genera were recorded in Estuary, Khondokiakhal, Modunaghat and Sattarghat respectively belonging to Cladocera (2), Copepoda (1) and Rotifera (2). Among the plankton, Bacillariophyceae, Cladocera and Rotifera were the most dominant group than the others in Halda River. Total phytoplankton ranged from 39 to 68, 15 to 44, 44 to 79 and 50 to 79cell/liter in Estuary, Khondokiakhal, Modunaghat, Sattarghat, respectively. Highest number of plankton was found in Modunaghat and Sattarghat. The present research will help for future research to get knowledge about the planktonic biota and their condition in the Halda River.
Bio-economic evolution of snakeheads and Indian major carps culture in IMTA system
Authors: Redwanur Rahman Mohammad , Rashadul Islam SM , Nayma Zannatul , Sultana Razia , Sarker Joyshri
Published: September 2023

An experimental study was carried out for a period of six months to assess the commercial culture potentiality of striped snakehead (Channa striatus) over Indian Major Carps (IMCs) in improved Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) system. Characteristics of snakehead (Channa striatus) make it a desirable culturable fish in IMTA system. The experiment was done in two stepsnursery stage (2 months) and grow-out stage (4 months). In the nursery stage, the stocking density was 30 nos/m3 (2.3±0.42 g). Larvae were fed with finely granule formulated feed containing 43.4% protein at 5% body weight which had FCR of 1.3. The survival rate was 67% in this stage. After two months, 20 nos/m3 fry were collected from the larval rearing tank and their average body weight was 25.6±1.9 g. The collected fishes were transferred into grow-out pond and to utilize all the trophic level of the water, 5 tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), 2 silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), 1 sarpunti (Barbonymus gonionotus) and 1 rui (Labeo rohita) of comparatively larger size than snakeheads were added in each pond. Stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) was cultured in cages at 100 nos/ft3 stocking density where snails produced in the bottom were used as a major feed ingredient for catfish. Four floating trays, each 0.11 m2 in surface area, were placed in the ponds for growing lettuce. In grow-out stage, formulated pelleted feed (FCR 1.4) with 34.95% protein was fed at 3% body weight. Here about 93% survival rate was found in grow-out phase. At the end, 25 Kg snakehead/decimal was harvested from improved IMTA system where IMCs were produced at 20 Kg/decimal in traditional IMTA system. But no significant difference (P <0.05) was found in production of stinging catfish and vegetables between the improved and traditional IMTA system. The improved IMTA system possessed a significantly lower (P <0.05) operating ratio (59%) than the traditional IMTA system (65%). Return on sales ratio was 41.18% in improved IMTA which was significantly higher (P <0.05) and confirmed the system to bear the burden of increased cost of production but the profit margin was also higher. Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) was 1.7 in improved IMTA system which was significantly higher (P <0.01) than traditional IMTA system (1.54). The innovated improved IMTA system can provide around 16% more profit compared to traditional IMTA system from per decimal pond area. This suggests that IMTA can be promoted through action research and field trial with potential fish farmers towards sustaining economic viability and food security of the poor people.
Appraise the physio-chemical quality of Black Tea available in the local market of Chattogram
Authors: Matin Abdul , Mahmud Fariha , Akther Shireen , Rahman Nahidur , Bin Haji Ahmad , Fisal
Published: September 2023

As a food with a set of standards, it is of paramount importance to develop and maintain the black tea at least to meet the minimum requirements. Hence to obtain a better understanding of quality aspects, the study was carried out to assess the physio-chemical attributes of three branded black tea samples available in the local market of Chattogram, Bangladesh.The moisture, water extract, total ash, insoluble acid ash, water-soluble ash,and alkalinity of water-soluble ashof the tea samples were found to be in the range of 3.32-4.03%, 6.81-8.90%, 31.01-32.46%, 0.30-1.05%, 45.98- 66.46%, and 1.99-2.97% respectively. All the obtained data were analyzed statistically to determine the level of significance of variations in observations. Two out ofthree branded tea samples were identified to be satisfactory in terms of tested physio-chemical parameters. Results from the present study can be used further to standardize different black tea brands available in the local markets.
Successful treatment of pyothorax in cat: A case report
Authors: Rahman Mizanur , Datta Aparna , Bayazid Bostami Mohammad , Afzal Hossain Mir Md. , Mannan Abdul
Published: September 2023

A five- month-old male cat was brought to the Teaching and Training Pet Hospital and Research Center, CVASU with the history of coughing, open mouth breathing and extended neck. This case was considered for the study with aimed to describe the diagnostic and treatment procedure of pyothorax in cat and to observe the recovery of it. Clinical examinations revealed respiratory distress, dyspnea, muffled lung sound and fever. Radiography and thoracocentesis were confirmed the pyothorax. Neutrophilia was found on haematology and rod shaped bacilli with degenerated neutrophil were found on cytology of pleural fluid. The cat was treated with amoxicillin (Moxin®, Opsonin Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) at the rate of 20 mg/kg bid s/c and furosemide (Fusid®, Square Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) at the rate of 1 mg/kg bid i/m for 7 days followed by oral amoxicillin (Moxin®, Opsonin Pharmaceuticals Ltd.) for next 21 days. The recovery of the cat was observed at different day interval by taking radiography. The complete recovery was observed after 28 days of diagnosis.
Epidemiological investigation of different disease and ailments of livestock in the summer season
Authors: Sultana Sharmin , Fiza Rahima Farzana , Islam Brishty , Kumar Dash Amith , Saiful Bari Md , Abu Sayeed Md.
Published: September 2023

Upazilla Veterinary Hospital plays a significant role in veterinary service where lots of livestock animals are brought for treatment of various diseases. Previously, a few studies were conducted to investigate animal diseases during summer in Jhenaidah Sadar. So, the present study was aimed to estimate the proportionate prevalence of diseases and disorders and to know the pattern of antimicrobials used for the treatment of food animals during summer (March to June 2019). A total of 1588 diseased animals’ data were extracted from the paper-based hospital register book of three randomly selected Upazilla Veterinary Hospital namely Jhenaidah Sadar, Horinakundu and Kotchandpur. Out of all clinical cases, digestive disorders were the highest percentage (35.4%) in which 35.1%, 35.9%, 32.1% and 14.3% in cattle, goat, sheep, and buffalo, respectively. The overall proportionate prevalence of disease during summer was endo-parasitic (17.6%), followed by bacterial disease (11.4%), whereas the proportionate prevalence of viral disease (3.0%) was very negligible. Among total individuals cases (N=1588), A significant number of animals(n=598)were prescribed with antimicrobials in which highest percentage was sulfonamides (29.9%) followed by tetracycline(27.4%), penicillin (7.9%) and aminoglycosides (5.2%). However, among the combined drug combination of aminoglycosides and penicillin(23.7%)were prescribed most frequently. This study brings to an end that the digestive disorder was mostly prevalent disease condition during summer. So, this study would be conducive to build up a better management strategy to prevent the digestive disturbance of animals in this area.
The Impact of TMT Political Connection on Corporate Performance-with CSR as the Mediation
Authors: Li Yan
Published: September 2023

Background and Aim: The recent release of corporate social responsibility (CSR) reports by companies has once again attracted public attention to the performance of CSR. CSR, as an important aspect that affects a company's financial performance, is highly valued. This research is based on the resource theory and upper-echelons theory to study the impact of Top Management Team (TMT) political connections on CSR strategies and corporate performance.
Materials and Methods: Taking A-share listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2010 to 2019 as research samples, a multiple linear regression model is used to empirically analyze and test the mechanism of the effects of TMT political connection on CSR and corporate performance.
Results: The research results indicate that TMT's political connection has a positive impact on CSR. TMT political connection has a positive impact on corporate performance, and CSR plays a mediating role between TMT political connection and corporate performance.
Conclusion: The findings have important implications for a deeper understanding of the motives and economic consequences of CSR, and also help enterprises adjust their corporate governance structure, enhance their strategic awareness of consciously fulfilling CSR, and ultimately promote the sustainable development of enterprises.
The Operation of the So-called "Doctrine of Notice" in the Law of Bona Fide Acquisition of Immovable Property
Authors: Kvinikadze Ketevan
Published: September 2023

The same legal problem, as a rule, is regulated differently in different jurisdictions, but nevertheless, it is still possible to find a common point of contact in a number of issues, which comparative legal analysis helps us to determine what kind of regulation may be the most suitable for national law. One of these issues is the problem of "notice" in the law of bona fide acquisition of real estate, which is discussed in the present article on the example of three countries. Although these countries differ even in terms of the understanding of the right of ownership itself (meaning the difference with respect to English law), "notice" is crucial in all three of them as part of the assessment of the bona fide acquisition of a right to immovable property. Thus, a comparative study of the "notice" component provides an opportunity to draw valuable conclusions.
Problematic Aspects of Criminal Adjudication in Cases of Sexual Violence against Minors
Authors: Papiashvili Lali
Published: September 2023

Although sexual violence and coercion against minors are formally punishable in all modern societies, special attention is paid to the protection of minors, victim support, the rights of juvenile witnesses/victims in criminal proceedings, strict action against perpetrators and strengthening international cooperation to this end. However, combating it still poses considerable difficulties due to the latent nature of the crime and the paucity of incriminating evidence.

The article reviews positive obligations of the State with regard to the crime of the mentioned category in the context of criminal legal proceedings, significance of the testimonies of minor victims/witnesses and issues related to the assessment of testimonies, interrelation of the rights of minor victims/witnesses and right of accused/defendant to a fair trial.
Protection of Human Dignity in Case of Insult Committed by Action in Ancient Georgian Law
Authors: Chachanidze Elza
Published: September 2023

Apart from human life and health, honor and dignity are among the important values.  The violation of honor and dignity of a person can be committed by slander and insult. As for Insult, it can be committed by action, or be verbal. The subject of the research is the study of insults carried out by actions in ancient Georgian law, as actions that violate human dignity. The clarification of terms related to the mentioned issue allows for discovering what kind of actions were considered insults. In ancient Georgian Law, the term “swearing“ was used to express verbal insult.  As for insult committed by action, in addition to "insult", the terms „shaming“, „disgrace“, and „dishonor“ are used in the legal monuments. The fact of responsibility for insult is often confirmed by “dishonorable” punishment imposed by the legislator and used by the court. Determining “dishonorable” punishment as a sanction for beating or for some kind of health damage allows us to conclude that the mentioned actions were also considered insults in ancient Georgian law.

     The types and forms of insults committed by action were various and therefore they can be conditionally divided into several groups. Actions that are directly aimed to humiliate a person's dignity, for example, cutting off the beard, tearing off, tying up, removing armor, beating. Insults committed during an attack, damage to health, as an action against the honor of a person, and actions against the honor of the family can be grouped separately. At the same time, in the monuments of the ancient Georgian law and in the court rulings, there are other cases of insult committed by action.

     As punishment for an insult committed by action was mainly determined the blood price and “dishonorable” punishment. How important and valuable it is to protect the legal good, is reflected in the punishment imposed for committed action. In the old Georgian law, the sanctions established for insults committed by action were mostly equal to the punishments determined for damage to human life or serious damage to health.
Clinical profile of COVID-19 patients managed in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State
Authors: Udoette SB  , Onukak AE  , Peters GE  , Ekanem AM  , Umoh VA
Published: September 2023

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute viral infection caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although COVID-19 is predominantly a respiratory infection, the clinical manifestations of the disease can be variable, ranging from asymptomatic infection to critical illness. The disease was first reported in Nigeria in February 2020 and in Akwa Ibom State in April 2020. Being a novel disease, knowledge of its clinical manifestations has continued to evolve over the last one year and this study described the characteristics of all the patients hospitalized in the first six months of the pandemic in the state. This could improve case detection and early diagnosis.Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with COVID-19 managed in the Isolation Centre in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria from April 1 - September 30, 2020. Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded using a proforma. Descriptive statistics of the variables was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23.Results: One hundred and forty-seven patients were admitted during the study period. The majority (70.1%) of the patients were males. The most common symptoms of COVID-19 were fever (38.1%), cough (31.3%) and anosmia (28.3%). There was no statistically significant gender difference in the clinical features of the patients.Conclusion: COVID-19 infection is more common in male patients in Akwa Ibom State. Fever, cough and anosmia are the three most common symptoms of COVID-19 in hospitalized patients in the state.
Chronic Constrictive Pericarditis in a low-income-setting: Challenges and Outcome of Surgery
Authors: Nwafor IA  , Nwafor MN  , Eze AC
Published: September 2023

Background: In a low-income setting like ours, chronic constrictive pericarditis is not uncommon. Affected patients present late for surgical management owing to poverty and ignorance. These two factors adversely affect the outcome of surgery.Objective: To review 45 cases of chronic constrictive pericarditis done in our center with a view to determining the challenges and outcome of surgery.Patients and Methods: This is a retrospective study spanning 10 years, 2011 to 2020. Data comprising of biodata, morphologic and histologic types including challenges and outcome of surgery were obtained from our hospital Record Department. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22(Chicago) and results presented using bar chart, tables and pie chart.Results: There were 45 patients. Of this number, there were 33 males (73.3%) and 12 females (27.7%). Age ranges affected were from 11-20 to 61-70 years. Morphologic types were totally calcific chronic constrictive pericarditis (4.4%), effusive chronic constrictive pericarditis (40%) and isolated chronic constrictive pericarditis (55.6%). Histologically, tuberculosis (60.0%) was most common, followed by idiopathic (33.3%). 2 patients were treated using cardiopulmonary bypass while the remainder had off-pump pericardiectomy, ranging from partial, total and radical. The outcome was poor in 30%, because they were not able to progress beyond NYHA class III despite ionotropic support and repeated paracentesis abdominis. Conclusion: Chronic constrictive pericarditis especially when it presents late is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the young population. Poorly equipped ICU and lack of highly trained personnels also affect adversely those who present for treatment.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Diabetes Mellitus in Public Secondary Schools Teachers in Ekiti State
Authors: Elegbede OE  , Sanni TA  , Alabi AK
Published: September 2023

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a non-communicable disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. The estimated prevalence of diabetes in Africa is 1% in rural areas and ranges from 5% to 7% in urban sub-Saharan Africa. 3 Nigeria is the most populous country in African and she contributes about one sixth of the Africa’s diabetic population. This study is aimed at determining the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and accessing its risk factors among public secondary school teachers in Ekiti State.
Methodology: This survey is a cross-sectional study carried out among 357 public school teachers in Ekiti State using a multi stage sampling technique. Data was gathered using a semi structured questionnaire and Accu Check Glucometer machine for Fasting Blood Sugar. Analysis was done using SPSS version 23 and level of significance was taken as P = 0.05.
Result: Mean age was 42.9±9.2 years. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus was 5.6%. Family history (15%), Alcohol intake (14.0%) and smoking (11.2%) were major risk factors in the respondents. Poor vision is the main complication being experienced by the respondents (40.3%). Predictors of Diabetes Mellitus as found by this study include increasing age (starting from above 40years), cigarette smoking, alcohol intake and positive family history.
Conclusion: Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus is high compared to what it was before. Alcohol intake, smoking and family history were major risk factors while poor vision is the commonest complication. It is recommended that all efforts must be made to put in mechanism that will halt this undesired progression through control of risk factors.
Therapeutic potential of concurrent administration of Hippocratea africana and Eremomastax speciosa in the treatment of Plasmodium berghei infected mice
Authors: Uwah AF  , Effiong BO  , Obot JS  , Obioku IJ  , Udoh AE
Published: September 2023

Context: Despite the commonness of polyherbal therapy among the locals in the treatment of malaria in Nigeria, there are no adequate data on the therapeutic potentials and safety profile of these herbal combinations. The use of these plants in combination in the treatment of suspected and confirmed malaria infection is very common among the Niger Delta dwellers in Nigeria.

Aim: To evaluate the therapeutic potential of co-administration of Hippocratea Africana, a medicinal plant with well documented antimalarial properties, and Eremomastax speciosa, a tropical plant with well reported antianaemic potential and haematoprotective properties.

Materials and Methods: Thirty albino mice, whose weights ranged between 32 - 37g, were divided into five groups having six mice in each. Clinical features, weight changes and parasite clearance were evaluated to determine therapeutic potential of treatments.An inoculum which consisted of 5 x 107 Plasmodium berghei infested erythrocytes per ml of blood from a donor mouse with 64% parasitaemia was injected into each mouse by intraperitoneal route. The mice were kept at room temperature of 28.0 ± 20C for 7 days for the parasite to develop. A non-parasitized mice group served as normal control. After parasitaemia was confirmed using standard procedure, 200mg/kg and 300mg/Kg body weights of Hippocratea Africana root bark and Eremomastax speciosa leaf extracts respectively, were administered by oral routes to the respective groups of mice for 6 days. A parasitized group was treated with fixed doses of 3mg/kg body weight of Artemether and 18mg/kg body weight of Lumefantrine. Another parasitized group was left untreated.

Results: Mice treated concurrently with the extracts of H. africana and E. speciosa showed a significant improvement in clinical signs in comparison to the untreated group. The mean body weights of mice administered both extracts was significantly (P < 0.05) increased when compared to the parasitized untreated mice and those treated with extracts separately. The mice treated concurrently with the two extracts also showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction in percentage parasitaemia and significant (P < 0.05) increase in percentage parasite clearance comparable to that of Artemether-lumefantrine. The parasitized untreated group recorded 50% mortality, while the group treated concurrently with the two extracts did not record any mortality.

Conclusion: Concurrent administration of E. speciosa crude leaf extract and H. africana ethanolic root extract had good therapeutic potential in the treatment of Plasmodium berghei infected mice. This justified the use of these extracts by Sub-Saharan African traditional medical practitioners and Nigerian Niger Delta rural dwellers in the treatment of human malaria.
Consensual coital vaginal laceration in hypovolaemic shock: A report of two cases
Authors: Archibong M  , Adedeji N  , Obinna E  , Ezugwu T  , Ayegbusi E
Published: September 2023

Background: Certain life-threatening complications and morbidities may occur following consensual sexual intercourse which may not be commonly experienced in clinical practice. One of such complications is hypovolaemic shock resulting from profuse bleeding.

Methods: Two cases of vaginal laceration complicated by hypovolaemic shock following consensual sexual intercourse are presented.

Results: Both patients had resuscitation with intravenous fluid, blood transfusion and subsequent examination under anaesthesia with repair of laceration in theater. Post-operative recovery period was uneventful and they were both discharged after proper counselling.

Conclusion: Bleeding from coital laceration could be life threatening. Prompt treatment should be instituted in such cases.
Personalised, Contextualised Professional Learning Development: Putting it into Practice
Authors: Owen Hazel
Published: September 2023

Research, such as that collated as part of the New Zealand Ministry of Education‘s (MoE) Iterative Best Evidence Synthesis (BES), indicates that regular Professional Learning and Development (PLD) for educators can have a positive effect on the quality of teaching and, in turn, on outcomes for diverse students. PLD, though, needs to offer flexibility of choice, time and approach, and to value personal theories and experiences. Learning should be accessible (both physically and design-wise), cumulative and relevant, and couched within an active community of practice (CoP).A pilot to develop a Virtual Professional Learning and Development (VPLD) model that offered personalised, contextualised PLD was initiated by the New Zealand MoE. The project focused on primary and secondary school teachers, although one tertiary teacher participated. This paper provides an overview of the VPLD pilot (2009–2010) while also synthesising main findings from the in-depth evaluation conducted during the pilot and summarising some of the lessons learned.In brief, results suggest that there are affordances built into the VPLD model that encourage and enable education practitioners to develop at their own pace, in a supported, supportive environment, with access to all that they need to scaffold their learning journey. Thus, if it is accepted that student outcomes can mirror practitioner performance (although this is a somewhat simplistic relationship), it would follow that, if practitioners can be mentored and guided in their own continual development and thinking around learning and teaching, there is potential for the overall learning experience for students to be enhanced.