bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interaction Effect of Sucrose, Salicylic Acid and 8-hydroxyquinoline Sulfate on Vase-life of Cut Gerbera Flowers
Authors: Banaee Samaneh , Hadavi Ebrahim , Moradi Pejman
Published: September 2013

The effects of salicylic acid (SA), 8-Hydroxyquinoline sulfate (8-HQS), and sucrose on cut gerbera was studied. SA (0, 100 and 150 mg l-1), 8-HQS (0 and 200 mg l-1), and sucrose (0 and 30 g l-1) and their combinations were tested as preservative mixture. This study was conducted in a factorial experiment with complete randomized design. SA increased vase life and reduced stem curvature at the concentration of 100 mg L-1. SA at 150 mg L-1 increased mean absorbed preservative solution. 8-HQS increased vase life, dry weight, wet weight, flower diameter, mean absorbed preservative solution, and quality score. 8-HQS also decreased the stem curvature. Sucrose decreased vase life, flower diameter, and quality score, whereas increased dry weight. The treatment containing 8-HQS (200 mg L-1) had vase life of 12.9 days which was not significantly different from the combination of SA (100 mg L-1) + 8-HQS (200 mg L-1)which resulted in the longest vase life of 15.6 days. The results show that SA could increase vase life in combination with 8-HQS.
Study of Mechanical Properties of Popular Paddy Varieties of Tamil Nadu Relevant to Development of Mini Paddy Thresher
Authors: Dhananchezhiyan P , Parveen S , Naik Ravindra
Published: September 2013

The most popular varieties of Tamil Nadu such as ASD18, ADT36 and IR20 were selected to investigate the influence of crop parameters on mechanical threshing of grains. The length of the paddy varieties ranged from 19.40 to 23.35 cm. The mean length of ASD18, ADT36 and IR20 were found to be 21.81, 21.80 and 22.50 cm, respectively. Among the varieties studied IR20 recorded maximum weight of grains per panicle of 2.90 g while the corresponding values for ASD18 and ADT36 were found to be 2.46 and 2.34 g, respectively. The maximum mean length and thickness and breadth were recorded by ASD18 and IR20, respectively whereas ADT36 recorded minimum values. The average thousand-grain weight of ASD18, ADT36 and IR20 varieties were found to be 21.86, 20.61 and 18.97 g, respectively. The variety ASD18 recorded the maximum bulk density of 590.6 kg m-3 followed by ADT36 (583.4 kg m-3). It is observed that the mean value of true density varies from 1128 to 1158 kg m-3 for the varieties and ASD18 recorded higher. The mean value of angle of repose varies from 31.7 degree to 38.0 degree. It is lower for ASD18, (31.7 degree) and higher for IR20, (38.0 degree). Based on these results, Rasp bar thresher was developed and their performances were studied. The overall dimension of the mini paddy thresher is 1500 × 900 × 1140 mm and its output capacity, threshing efficiency and grain damage are 248 kg h-1, 99 per cent and 1.73 per cent, respectively. The analysis of variance revealed that all the above discussed properties were significantly influenced (p<0.01) by the paddy varieties.
Effectiveness of Training Among Food Handlers: A Review on the Mauritian Framework
Authors: Gaungoo Y , Jeewon R
Published: September 2013

Food handlers are crucial links in the food chain from farm to fork. The safety of our food depends largely on them. However malpractices have been reported on numerous occasions resulting in food poisoning outbreaks. Therefore it is essential that food handlers are properly trained so that they take the necessary precautions to avoid such accidents. The current review analyses the Mauritian model of food handlers training which is mandatory according to the Food Regulations (1999). Although the present model is accessible to the general public as it regionalised and free of charge, there are several weaknesses such as absence of continuous education, no targeted modules and assessment. It is important that these issues be addressed in order to improve the effectiveness of this model. This review also addresses the importance of the food handlers training, conflicting views about the efficiency of training staff to improve food safety practices and provides a critical appraisal of its importance.
Nutritional Analysis of Vitamin A Enriched Bread from Orange Flesh Sweet Potato and Locally Available Wheat Flours at Samre Woreda, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Kidane Gebremedhin , Abegaz Kebede , Mulugeta Afework , Singh Pragya
Published: September 2013

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a public health problem in Ethiopia. Periodic supplementation of vitamin A (VA) capsules has developed as a short-term life saving intervention. However, it is important to shift from a subsidized periodic capsule distribution to a more sustainable food-based intervention, which could supply VA in the diet of low income rural communities. Orange flesh sweet potato (OFSP) was selected in this study as a potential raw material that used in food-based intervention, because of its high β-carotene content (naturally biofortified food). Therefore, this study aimed to analyze nutritional compostion of the VA enriched breads for pre-school children from OFSP and locally available Wheat flours of the study area. Blending of OFSP flour with whole Wheat flour (WWF) was conducted at laboratory by employing Complete Randomized Design (CRD). i.e. four bread blends of OFSP flour:WWF (0:100, 10:90, 20:80 and 30%:70%) were prepared and subjected to nutritional analysis at Ethiopian Health and Nutrition Research Institute (EHNRI). For proximate and β-carotene analysis AOAC (2000) standard method and manual column chromatography were used, respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS, versions 16. Bread enriched with 30% OFSP flour can contribute 83.3 and 74.2% of VA to 3 and 4-6 years old children’s daily requirement, respectively. Therefore, WWF can be substituted by 30% OFSP flour for pre-school children’s bread making. A general trend of nutrient analysis showed that moisture, ash, fiber, β-carotene increased significantly (p < 0.05) as proportion of OFSP flour increased; while protein, fat, carbohydrate and energy content decreased. Therefore, OFSP flour enriched breads have added advantages nutritionally, especially in β-carotene. This will give responsible individuals, policymakers and donors more confidence to invest and work in OFSP for alleviation of VAD.
At the Border between Public and Private: U.S. Immigration Policy for Victims of Domestic Violence
Authors: Rabin Nina
Published: September 2013

This article examines the treatment of women in flight from domestic violence at the U.S. – Mexico border. It compares the robust state protections available to domestic violence victims in the interior of the country with the hostile landscape women encounter at the border. The article draws on three sources for information about the treatment at the border of domestic violence victims: an in-depth case study of one woman’s experience of domestic violence and flight, a small data set of domestic violence victims detained in the Eloy Detention Center in Arizona during 2010 and 2011, and a detailed analysis of the policies and practices at play when a woman in flight from domestic violence comes to the U.S. border. From these sources, a grim picture emerges that may surprise many. Women fleeing violence whose lives entangle with the border confront a bureaucracy and justice system that harkens back to the time, 50 years ago, when domestic violence was seen as a private matter about which there was little the government could or should do to respond.

Building on this descriptive account, the article draws on political theories of citizenship and membership to highlight the moral and legal inconsistencies between the immigration policies of the United States and its national values and commitments regarding violence against women. It suggests that language about the “private” nature of the violence at issue for women in flight from domestic violence should not be used to cloak underlying concerns about immigration admissions policies. Transparent discussion of the considerations at issue lays bare the irrationality of applying fundamentally different conceptions of domestic violence depending on which side of the geographic border it occurs.
Non-invasive genetics can help find rare species: a case study with Rhinolophus mehelyi and R. euryale (Rhinolophidae: Chiroptera) in Western Europe
Authors: Puechmaille Sébastien J. , Teeling Emma C.
Published: September 2013

The reliability of species identification is of primary importance as much of biodiversity studies, ecology, legislation, and conservation are based on this taxonomic level. Species identification problems can obscure the conservation status, especially for rare and endangered species, which are of special concern for conservation. This problem is especially significant for some taxonomic groups such as chiropterans, as many monitoring programs are run during the hibernation season when animals should not be disturbed, hence not handled. In the present study, we used
Simultaneous EEG and fMRI Reveals a Causally Connected Subcortical-Cortical Network during Reward Anticipation
Authors: Plichta Michael M. , Wolf Isabella , Hohmann Sarah , Baumeister Sarah , Boecker Regina , Schwarz Adam J. , Zangl Maria , Mier Daniela , Diener Carsten , Meyer Patric , Holz Nathalie , Ruf Matthias , Gerchen Martin F. , Bernal-Casas David , Kolev Vasil , Yordanova Juliana , Flor Herta , Laucht Manfred , Banaschewski Tobias , Kirsch Peter , Meyer-Lindenberg Andreas , Brandeis Daniel
Published: September 2013

Electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been used to study the neural correlates of reward anticipation, but the interrelation of EEG and fMRI measures remains unknown. The goal of the present study was to investigate this relationship in response to a well established reward anticipation paradigm using simultaneous EEG-fMRI recording in healthy human subjects. Analysis of causal interactions between the thalamus (THAL), ventral-striatum (VS), and supplementary motor area (SMA), using both mediator analysis and dynamic causal modeling, revealed that (1) THAL fMRI blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activity is mediating intermodal correlations between the EEG contingent negative variation (CNV) signal and the fMRI BOLD signal in SMA and VS, (2) the underlying causal connectivity network consists of top-down regulation from SMA to VS and SMA to THAL along with an excitatory information flow through a THAL→VS→SMA route during reward anticipation, and (3) the EEG CNV signal is best predicted by a combination of THAL fMRI BOLD response and strength of top-down regulation from SMA to VS and SMA to THAL. Collectively, these findings represent a likely neurobiological mechanism mapping a primarily subcortical process, i.e., reward anticipation, onto a cortical signature.
Neural Representation of a Target Auditory Memory in a Cortico-Basal Ganglia Pathway
Authors: Achiro Jennifer M. , Bottjer Sarah W.
Published: September 2013

Vocal learning in songbirds, like speech acquisition in humans, entails a period of sensorimotor integration during which vocalizations are evaluated via auditory feedback and progressively refined to achieve an imitation of memorized vocal sounds. This process requires the brain to compare feedback of current vocal behavior to a memory of target vocal sounds. We report the discovery of two distinct populations of neurons in a cortico-basal ganglia circuit of juvenile songbirds (zebra finches,Taeniopygia guttata) during vocal learning: (1) one in which neurons are selectively tuned to memorized sounds and (2) another in which neurons are selectively tuned to self-produced vocalizations. These results suggest that neurons tuned to learned vocal sounds encode a memory of those target sounds, whereas neurons tuned to self-produced vocalizations encode a representation of current vocal sounds. The presence of neurons tuned to memorized sounds is limited to early stages of sensorimotor integration: after learning, the incidence of neurons encoding memorized vocal sounds was greatly diminished. In contrast to this circuit, neurons known to drive vocal behavior through a parallel cortico-basal ganglia pathway show little selective tuning until late in learning. One interpretation of these data is that representations of current and target vocal sounds in the shell circuit are used to compare ongoing patterns of vocal feedback to memorized sounds, whereas the parallel core circuit has a motor-related role in learning. Such a functional subdivision is similar to mammalian cortico-basal ganglia pathways in which associative-limbic circuits mediate goal-directed responses, whereas sensorimotor circuits support motor aspects of learning.
The Tumor Suppressor p53 Fine-Tunes Reactive Oxygen Species Levels and Neurogenesis via PI3 Kinase Signaling
Authors: Forsberg Kirsi , Wuttke Anja , Quadrato Giorgia , Chumakov Peter M. , Wizenmann Andrea , Di Giovanni Simone
Published: September 2013

Mounting evidence points to a role for endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell signaling, including in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and fate. However, the function of ROS and their molecular regulation in embryonic mouse neural progenitor cells (eNPCs) has not yet been clarified. Here, we describe that physiological ROS are required for appropriate timing of neurogenesis in the developing telencephalonin vivoand in cultured NPCs, and that the tumor suppressor p53 plays a key role in the regulation of ROS-dependent neurogenesis. p53 loss of function leads to elevated ROS and early neurogenesis, while restoration of p53 and antioxidant treatment partially reverse the phenotype associated with premature neurogenesis. Furthermore, we describe that the expression of a number of neurogenic and oxidative stress genes relies on p53 and that both p53 and ROS-dependent induction of neurogenesis depend on PI3 kinase/phospho-Akt signaling. Our results suggest that p53 fine-tunes endogenous ROS levels to ensure the appropriate timing of neurogenesis in eNPCs. This may also have implications for the generation of tumors of neurodevelopmental origin.
Synaptotagmin Interaction with SNAP-25 Governs Vesicle Docking, Priming, and Fusion Triggering
Authors: Mohrmann Ralf , de Wit Heidi , Connell Emma , Pinheiro Paulo S. , Leese Charlotte , Bruns Dieter , Davletov Bazbek , Verhage Matthijs , Sørensen Jakob B.
Published: September 2013

SNARE complex assembly constitutes a key step in exocytosis that is rendered Ca2+-dependent by interactions with synaptotagmin-1. Two putative sites for synaptotagmin binding have recently been identified in SNAP-25 using biochemical methods: one located around the center and another at the C-terminal end of the SNARE bundle. However, it is still unclear whether and how synaptotagmin-1 × SNARE interactions at these sites are involved in regulating fast neurotransmitter release. Here, we have used electrophysiological techniques with high time-resolution to directly investigate the mechanistic ramifications of proposed SNAP-25 × synaptotagmin-1 interaction in mouse chromaffin cells. We demonstrate that the postulated central binding domain surrounding layer zero covers both SNARE motifs of SNAP-25 and is essential for vesicle docking, priming, and fast fusion-triggering. Mutation of this site caused no further functional alterations in synaptotagmin-1-deficient cells, indicating that the central acidic patch indeed constitutes a mechanistically relevant synaptotagmin-1 interaction site. Moreover, our data show that the C-terminal binding interface only plays a subsidiary role in triggering but is required for the full size of the readily releasable pool. Intriguingly, we also found that mutation of synaptotagmin-1 interaction sites led to more pronounced phenotypes in the context of the adult neuronal isoform SNAP-25B than in the embryonic isoform SNAP-25A. Further experiments demonstrated that stronger synaptotagmin-1 × SNAP-25B interactions allow for the larger primed vesicle pool supported by SNAP-25 isoform B. Thus, synaptotagmin-1 × SNARE interactions are not only required for multiple mechanistic steps en route to fusion but also underlie the developmental control of the releasable vesicle pool.
Precise Toxigenic Ablation of Intermediate Cells Abolishes the “Battery” of the Cochlear Duct
Authors: Kim Hyo Jeong , Gratton Michael Anne , Lee Jeong-Han , Perez Flores Maria Cristina , Wang Wenying , Doyle Karen J. , Beermann Friedrich , Crognale Michael A. , Yamoah Ebenezer N.
Published: September 2013

The extracellular potential of excitable and nonexcitable cells with respect to ground is ∼0 mV. One of the known exceptions in mammals is the cochlear duct, where the potential is ∼80–100 mV, called the endocochlear potential (EP). The EP serves as the “battery” for transduction of sound, contributing toward the sensitivity of the auditory system. The stria vascularis (StV) of the cochlear duct is the station where the EP is generated, but the cell-specific roles in the StV are ill defined. Using the intermediate cell (IC)-specific tyrosinase promoter, under the control of diphtheria toxin (DT), we eliminated and/or halted differentiation of neural crest melanocytes after migration to the StV. The ensuing adult transgenic mice are profoundly deaf. Additionally, the EP was abolished. Expression of melanocyte early marker and Kir4.1 in ICs precedes the onset of pigment synthesis. Activation ofDTleads to loss of ICs. Finally, in accord with the distinct embryology of retinal pigmented cells, transgenic mice with toxigenic ablation of neural crest-derived melanocytes have intact visual responses. We assert that the tyrosinase promoter is the distinct target for genetic manipulation of IC-specific genes.
Reward Learning Requires Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in the Central Amygdala
Authors: Knapska Ewelina , Lioudyno Victoria , Kiryk Anna , Mikosz Marta , Górkiewicz Tomasz , Michaluk Piotr , Gawlak Maciej , Chaturvedi Mayank , Mochol Gabriela , Balcerzyk Marcin , Wojcik Daniel K. , Wilczynski Grzegorz M. , Kaczmarek Leszek
Published: September 2013

Learning how to avoid danger and pursue reward depends on negative emotions motivating aversive learning and positive emotions motivating appetitive learning. The amygdala is a key component of the brain emotional system; however, an understanding of how various emotions are differentially processed in the amygdala has yet to be achieved. We report that matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9, extracellularly operating enzyme) in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) is crucial for appetitive, but not for aversive, learning in mice. The knock-out of MMP-9 impairs appetitively motivated conditioning, but not an aversive one. MMP-9 is present at the excitatory synapses in the CeA with its activity greatly enhanced after the appetitive training. Finally, blocking extracellular MMP-9 activity with its inhibitor TIMP-1 provides evidence that local MMP-9 activity in the CeA is crucial for the appetitive, but not for aversive, learning.
Vermeidung von Windup bei Ausgangsbegrenzung / Prevention of Windup in the Presence of Output Constraints
Authors: Hippe Peter
Published: September 2013

Dieser Beitrag stellt eine neue Methode zur Vermeidung von Problemen vor, die durch Sensorsättigung in einem sonst linearen Regelkreis entstehen können. Im Gegensatz zu den bekannten Lösungen für die Beseitigung des durch Stellbegrenzung ausgelösten Windup wird der Regler während der Begrenzungsphase nicht stabilisiert, weil dies beim Auftreten konstanter Störungen zu einer Blockierung führen könnte. Stattdessen bleibt der I-Anteil des Reglers während der Sensor-Sättigung aktiv, und die Windup-Effekte werden durch eine geeignete Modifikation des Regler-Zählers vermieden. Das hierfür erforderliche Signal liefert ein Sättigungsindikator. Durch den auch im Begrenzungsfall vorhandenen I-Anteil ist eine robuste Ausregelung konstanter Störungen sicher gestellt. Durch Einsatz einer Regelkreisstruktur mit zwei Freiheitsgraden erhält man gleichzeitig ein robustes Führungsverhalten
Automatisierte Modellreduktion großer elastischer Mehrkörpersysteme durch die Greedy-basierte Approximation der Gramschen Matrizen / Automated Model Reduction of Large Scale Elastic Multibody Systems with Greedy Based Approximation of Gramian Matrices
Authors: Fischer Michael , Eberhard Peter
Published: September 2013

Zur effizienten Simulation elastischer Mehrkörpersysteme kann die Modellreduktion basierend auf Gramschen Matrizen verwendet werden. Für mechanische Systeme bieten sich frequenzgewichtete Gramsche Matrizen an, die für Systeme mit vielen elastischen Freiheitsgraden durch die Proper Orthogonal Decomposition approximiert werden. Die intelligente Auswahl der Snapshots ist hierbei entscheidend, wobei in diesem Beitrag ein Greedy-Verfahren zur Bestimmung der Snapshots vorgestellt wird. Die dabei notwendige Bestimmung des Reduktionsfehlers wäre in exakter Weise für industrielle Beispielsysteme mit enormen Rechenaufwand verbunden. Die Verwendung von Fehlerschätzern ermöglicht jedoch die effiziente iterative Reduktion der elastischen Systeme mit mehreren Millionen Freiheitsgraden
Symmetrieerhaltende Datenfusion für optisch-inertiales Tracking / Symmetry-Preserving Data Fusion for Optical-Inertial Tracking
Authors: Claasen Göntje , Graichen Knut , Martin Philippe
Published: September 2013

Der Beitrag beschreibt die effiziente Fusion von optischen und Inertialdaten in einem Trackingsystem zur Verfolgung schneller Bewegungen. Das Hauptziel ist dabei, die Datenfusion so zu entwerfen, dass die Trackingergebnisse mit hoher Abtastrate und niedriger Latenz vorliegen. Dafür wird ein invarianter Datenfusionsansatz gewählt, der die Symmetrien des Systems erhält. Durch diese Berücksichtigung der Geometrie des Systems wird u. a. die Rechenzeit verkürzt. Das optisch-inertiale Trackingsystem ist kostengünstig und für verschiedene Anwendungen geeignet, z. B. in der computergestützten Chirurgie
Bayes’sche Consensus-Regelung in dezentralen vernetzten Systemen / Bayesian Consensus Control in Decentralized Networked Systems
Authors: Willert Volker , Gering Stefan , Haumann Dominik
Published: September 2013

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit vernetzten dynamischen Multi-Agenten-Systemen (MAS), die Konsens über ihre Zustände bei unsicherer Datenübertragung und Sensorrauschen erreichen sollen. Dazu wird eine Analogie zwischen dem klassischen Consensus-Protokoll und dem Gauß’schen Belief Propagation hergestellt. Das Consensus-Problem wird als stochastischer Prozess modelliert, wodurch Unsicherheiten über die Anfangszustände und Übertragungsunsicherheiten explizit bei der Modellierung berücksichtigt werden können. Es werden die Voraussetzungen für dezentrale Inferenz hergeleitet, zwei dezentrale approximative Inferenz-Protokolle entworfen und ein Gauß’sches Consensus-Protokoll realisiert. Weiterhin wird der Zusammenhang zwischen Kommunikationsdichte und Approximationsfehler dargelegt. Schließlich wird gezeigt, dass die Hinzunahme von Messunsicherheiten zu einem dezentralen Entwurf eines Kalman-Filters für Consensus-Systeme führt
Repeatability of drought tolerance indices in chickpea genotypes over stress and non-stress environments
Authors: Farshadfar E. , Geravandi M.
Published: September 2013

To evaluate the repeatability of yield-based drought tolerance indices over years, twenty chickpea genotypes were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications for four cropping seasons (2008–2012) in the experimental field of Razi University. The result of combined analysis of variance for seed yield showed significant differences for location (L) (rain-fed and irrigated), genotype (G), and LY and GL interactions, indicating the presence of genetic variability and the possibility of selection for stable, drought-tolerant genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on the Spearman's rank correlation matrix was used to visualize the relationships between different drought tolerance indices. Due to their positive significant correlation with seed yield under both conditions over four cropping seasons, the stress tolerance index (STI) and geometric mean productivity (GMP) were identified as desirable criteria for the selection of drought-tolerant genotypes under severe stress conditions. The selection of drought-tolerant chickpea genotypes using these indices in a one-year trial will mirror the results of multiple cropping season trials. According to the Spearman's rank correlation coefficients between single vs. single years and single vs. the mean of multiple years, the tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), abiotic tolerance index (ATI), stress susceptibility percentage index (SSPI) and modified stress tolerance index (K1STI) were identified as repeatable indices under severe drought conditions.
Agro-morphological diversity and stability of durum wheat lines (Triticum durum Desf.) in Algeria
Authors: Mekliche A. , Dahlia F. , Hanifi-Mekliche L.
Published: September 2013

This study focuses on the genetic potential and genotypic stability of 17 durum wheat genotypes during three crop years under wet conditions in the north of Algeria (Algiers). The results showed highly significant (P<0.001) agro-morphological diversity between the genotypes and a genotype × environment interaction for all the traits except for fertile spikelet number. Wricke’s ecovalance (wi), Shukla's stability variance (σi2), heterogeneity variance (%HV) and the incomplete correlation (%IC) method were used to analyse the genotype × environment interaction on grain yield. The genotypes Ardente/Waha L2, Ardente and Saadi/Simeto L3 exhibited great instability with the highest values of wi, σi2, %HV and %IC. Ardente/Waha L1, Simeto/Vitron L5, Simeto and Ardente/Vitron L1 had the highest grain yield and average stability (wi, %HV and %IC were weak). Significant correlations were found between %HV, Rij2, bi, wi, σi2 and %IC, implying that they were similarly efficient in detecting stable genotypes and in measuring stability.
Characterization of mesenchymal stem cells derived from equine adipose tissue
Authors: Carvalho A.M. , Yamada A.L.M. , Golim M.A. , Álvarez L.E.C. , Jorge L.L. , Conceição M.L. , Deffune E. , Hussni C.A. , Alves A.L.G.
Published: September 2013

Stem cell therapy has shown promising results in tendinitis and osteoarthritis in equine medicine. The purpose of this work was to characterize the adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) in horses through (1) the assessment of the capacity of progenitor cells to perform adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation; and (2) flow cytometry analysis using the stemness related markers: CD44, CD90, CD105 and MHC Class II. Five mixed-breed horses, aged 2-4 years-old were used to collect adipose tissue from the base of the tail. After isolation and culture of AdMSCs, immunophenotypic characterization was performed through flow cytometry. There was a high expression of CD44, CD90 and CD105, and no expression of MHC Class II markers. The tri-lineage differentiation was confirmed by specific staining: adipogenic (Oil Red O), osteogenic (Alizarin Red), and chondrogenic (Alcian Blue). The equine AdMSCs are a promising type of adult progenitor cell for tissue engineering in veterinary medicine.
Concentração de lactato sérico em ovelhas e cordeiros mestiços (1/2 Suffolk) nascidos em eutocia
Authors: Silva L.P. , Lourenço M.L.G. , Grandi M.C. , Ulian C.M. Vela , Sudano M.J. , Chiacchio S.B.
Published: September 2013

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a concentração de lactato sanguíneo venoso em ovelhas e em cordeiros neonatos imediatamente após o parto eutócico. Foram utilizadas 14 ovelhas, sendo nove da raça Suffolk e quatro mestiças e 20 cordeiros neonatos sadios (machos e fêmeas). O efeito do sexo, da raça e do número de cordeiros por parto foi investigado, bem como a possível correlação entre a concentração de lactato materno e neonatal. Não houve diferença entre machos e fêmeas, em relação à raça (Suffolk e mestiços), contudo a concentração de lactato foi mais elevada em cordeiros gêmeos ou trigêmeos quando comparado a cordeiros uníparos. Houve correlação positiva entre a concentração materna e a neonatal, sendo que quanto maior a concentração de lactato materno, maior a concentração no cordeiro imediatamente após o parto eutócico. Os resultados do presente estudo fornecem um subsídio por meio do qual se podem comparar os níveis de lactato sanguíneo em cordeiros em estado crítico.
Inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em primíparas Nelore lactantes acíclicas
Authors: Cunha R.R. , Fernandes C.A.C. , Garcia J.A.D. , Gioso M.M.
Published: September 2013

Avaliou-se a eficiência de um protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF), para melhorar o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas Nelore primíparas, lactantes e acíclicas. Utilizaram-se 350 vacas com escore de condição corporal médio de 2,65±0,01 e média de dias pós-parto de 67,35±1,0 dias. A estação de monta (EM) foi de 180 dias. Os animais foram distribuídos em: G1(n=61) e G3(n=116) - vacas com presença de folículos ovarianos ≤8mm de diâmetro e sem corpo lúteo (CL); G2(n=57) e G4(n=116) - vacas com folículos ≥8mm e sem CL. As vacas do G1 e do G2 permaneceram em monta natural (MN) a partir do dia zero da EM. G3 e G4 foram tratados (dia zero) com 2mg de benzoato de estradiol (BE), IM, e dispositivo com 1,0g de P4 por oito dias. Retirou-se a P4, administraram-se 400UI de eCG e 75µg de cloprostenol, IM, 24h após, e 1mg BE, IM. A IATF foi realizada 51-54h após retirar P4. Aos cinco dias após término da IATF, as vacas do G3 e do G4 também foram mantidas em MN. Avaliou-se, por ultrassonografia, a presença de CL e realizou-se o diagnóstico de gestação, aos 45 e 210 dias após início da EM. Aos 45 dias, mais animais do G3, 42,2%, e do G4, 51,7%, estavam gestantes (P<0,05), em relação aos do G1, 0%, e do G2, 3,5%. A porcentagem de CL foi de 6,6%; 28,1%; 50,9%; 62,9% em G1, G2, G3 e G4, respectivamente. Aos 210 dias, 22,9% do G1; 45,6% do G2; 40,5% do G3 e 65,5% do G4 estavam gestantes. Os períodos de serviço foram: em G1, 134,00±11,70 dias; em G2, 119,65±8,27 dias; em G3, 79,91±5,38 dias; e em G4, 81,40±4,59 dias. A IATF foi eficiente para melhorar o desempenho reprodutivo de vacas Nelore primíparas lactantes acíclicas em relação ao manejo apenas da MN.
Scintigraphy in postoperative follow-up of osteosynthesis of the femur with a bridge plate associated with an intramedullary pin in rabbits
Authors: Borges N.F. , Serakides R. , Santos R.G. , Diniz S.O.F. , Cardoso V.N. , Ucros N.S. , Torres R.C.S. , Cardoso S.V. , Rezende C.M.F.
Published: September 2013

The objective of this work was to monitor the consolidation of the femur after osteosynthesis with a bridge plate associated with the intramedullary pin using scintigraphy. We used seven New Zealand breed male rabbits, at 4 months of age, with a mean weight of 3.5 kg. We performed a three-phase bone scintigraphy with technetium-labeled methylene diphosphonate (99mTc-MDP) before and after surgery, and 20, 50 and 90 days postoperatively. The activity index (AI) was calculated by dividing the average number of uptake counts in the region of the osteotomy by the average number of counts in the corresponding region in the contralateral limb. Radiography was performed before surgery, after surgery, and 15, 30, 45, 60 and 90 days postoperatively. We found a direct relationship between the activity index and progress of bone scintigraphy in the evaluation sequence over the period of observation. Scintigraphy allows monitoring of bone metabolism and measurement of vascularization and/or bone or tissue perfusion. The images obtained in the blood pool and static phases are the most appropriate for assessing bone metabolism in the context of this study. The bridge plate associated with the intramedullary pin promotes osteosynthesis with sufficient stability to allow bone consolidation.
Hydrallantois in a female dog: a case report
Authors: Feliciano M.A.R. , Cardilli D.J. , Crivelaro R.M. , Garrido E. , Silva M.A.M. , Castanheira T.L.L. , Vicente W.R.R.
Published: September 2013

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, ultrasound and histological findings of hydrallantois in a Pug bitch. On the 56th day of pregnancy the patient presented pronounced abdominal distention, lethargy, anorexia and dyspnea. The ultrasound revealed the presence of abnormal fluid accumulation within the fetal membranes, especial in the allantois, which was incompatible with the 8th week of pregnancy in bitches. The macroscopic exam during the C-section, distention of the fetal membranes and accumulation of fluid within the allantois was observed. The precise amount of liquid could not be assessed due to the surgical procedure. All neonates of our case report were normal at the initial physical exam. The histologic exam revealed normal placenta. In conclusion, clinical and ultrasound assessment were able to diagnose hydrallantois in a canine patient.
Bipartição escrotal associada à má formação prepucial em ovino Morada Nova: relato de caso
Authors: Melo T.M.V. , Lima Filho J.A.C. , Silva J.G. , Amaral C.R.A. , Correia F.R. , Sampaio M.O. , Vasconcelos N.C.T. , Souza W.M.A. , Coelho M.C.O.C.
Published: September 2013

As alterações anatômicas do aparelho reprodutor masculino de ovinos são pouco relatadas, especialmente a condição de bipartição escrotal. Devido à importância do esclarecimento sobre esta alteração anatômica, objetivou-se relatar o caso de um ovino da raça Morada Nova que apresentava bipartição escrotal associada à má formação prepucial. Observou-se que essa alteração pode ocorrer como condição de adaptabilidade a climas tropicais.
Efeitos da suplementação de colina sobre o desempenho de poedeiras comerciais
Authors: Vasconcelos R.J.C. , Baião N.C. , Lara L.J.C. , Ecco R. , Machado A.L.C. , Pompeu M.A. , Rocha J.S.R. , Miranda D.J.A.
Published: September 2013

Os efeitos da suplementação de colina em dietas para poedeiras (Dekalb White) foram avaliados nas fases de cria/recria e de postura. O delineamento foi em esquema fatorial 2x5 (duas suplementações de colina de uma a 16 semanas de idade x cinco níveis de colina suplementada de 18 a 44 semanas de idade). Os níveis de colina utilizados foram 0, 200, 400, 600 e 800mg/kg para cada grupo. A suplementação de colina em frangas com uma a 16 semanas de idade não afeta o desempenho nem as características macroscópicas e histopatológicas dos fígados durante essa fase. Os efeitos dos níveis de suplementação de colina sobre o desempenho das galinhas na fase de postura dependem da suplementação ou não dessa vitamina nas fases de cria/recria; ou seja, as aves que recebem suplemento de colina nessas fases apresentam maior exigência no período de postura.
Adição da parede celular de levedura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) na dieta para frangos de corte
Authors: Barroso D.C. , Vieira A.A. , Lima C.A.R. , Trindade B.S , Gomes A.V.C. , Souza M.M.S. , Corrêa G.S.S.
Published: September 2013

Os efeitos da parede celular de Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PCSc) na dieta para frangos foram avaliados com base nos tratamentos: dieta referência com avilamicina (AV); dieta referência (DR); DR com 0,1% de PCSc (PCSc0,1); DR com 0,2% de PCSc (PCSc0,2); DR com 0,3% de PCSc (PCSc0,3). O delineamento foi o de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e seis repetições de 10 aves, totalizando 300 frangos, machos. No período de nove a 21 dias de idade, o tratamento PCSc0,3 influenciou negativamente no ganho de peso (631g), e no período de 34 a 39 dias, o tratamento PCSc0,1 proporcionou melhor ganho de peso (461g) em relação ao tratamento com o antimicrobiano. O maior peso vivo ao abate, 2571g, foi obtido no tratamento PCSc0,1. Os pesos absolutos de sobrecoxa e coxa+sobrecoxa foram maiores nos tratamentos PCSc0,1 (290g e 560g) e PCSc0,2 (292g e 561g) e menores no tratamento PCSc0,3 (263g e 515g). Não houve influência na metabolizabilidade da ração e na contagem total de coliformes totais no íleo. Dietas com inclusão de até 0,2% de PCSc resultaram em índices produtivos adequados, podendo ser utilizadas como aditivo em dietas livres de antimicrobiano melhorador de desempenho sem o comprometimento do desempenho, características de carcaça, metabolizabilidade da ração e da contagem total de coliformes totais do íleo.
Substituição de monensina sódica por bicarbonato de sódio em dietas de novilhas confinadas
Authors: Oliveira A.P. , Reis R.A. , Bertipaglia L.M.A. , Melo G.M.P. , Berchielli T.T. , Oliveira J.A. , Casagrande D.R. , Balsalobre M.A.A.
Published: September 2013

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da substituição da monensina sódica pelo bicarbonato de sódio em dietas de novilhas em confinamento em relação ao desempenho animal, à conversão alimentar e ao parâmetro de fermentação ruminal. Foram utilizadas 56 novilhas mestiças, confinadas por 112 dias, submetidas a dietas com duas porcentagens de concentrado, 50% e 80% da matéria seca, com adição de monensina sódica ou bicarbonato de sódio, em fatorial 2x2. O volumoso utilizado para compor as dietas testadas foi composto de silagem de milho e cana-de-açúcar na proporção de 60:40, respectivamente. O nitrogênio amoniacal foi maior nos animais alimentos com dietas com alto grão. A monensina, na dieta 80:20, proporcionou maiores valores de nitrogênio amoniacal, uma e nove horas após o consumo da ração. O uso de bicarbonato promoveu os maiores valores de pH ruminal na dieta com 50% de concentrado, de seis a 18 horas após o consumo. Não houve efeito do aditivo sobre o desempenho animal. A alta inclusão de grãos na dieta propiciou aumento do desempenho animal e da eficiência alimentar. Conclui-se que o uso de bicarbonato de sódio em dietas para terminação de animais em confinamento é uma opção viável em substituição à monensina sódica para a manipulação da fermentação ruminal.
Suplementação e cultura de levedura na alimentação de bezerros de corte em pastagem de aveia e azevém
Authors: Prohmann P.E.F. , Branco A.F. , Jobim C.C. , Cecato U. , Teixeira S , Paris W , Goes R.H.T.B. , Oliveira M.V.M. , Granzoto F.
Published: September 2013

Avaliaram-se os efeitos da suplementação e o uso de cultura de levedura sobre o ganho médio diário (GMD), os parâmetros ruminais e a concentração de ureia plasmática em bezerros sob pastejo de aveia preta (Avena strigosa) e azevém (Lolium multiflorum), e estudaram-se a produção e a composição química da forragem. Utilizaram-se 32 bezerros, em pastejo contínuo e lotação variável. Os tratamentos foram: apenas mistura mineral (MM); mistura mineral mais levedura (MML); mistura mineral mais ração (MMR); e mistura mineral mais ração mais levedura (MMRL). A MM contendo casca de soja foi ofertada em 150g/animal/dia, e a levedura foi adicionada à MM na quantidade de 10g/animal/dia. A ração contendo 75% de NDT e 23% de PB foi fornecida para um consumo diário médio de 12g/kg de peso corporal. O GMD, para os respectivos tratamentos, foi 0,610; 0,599; 0,809 e 0,818kg/animal, na ordem citada. A concentração de amônia ruminal e a de ureia plasmática não foram influenciadas pelos tratamentos. A biomassa forrageira diminuiu ao longo do ciclo vegetativo, com rendimentos inicial e final de 1.364 e 879kg de MS/ha, e os teores médios de NDT e PB de 71,7 e 11,7%, respectivamente. O fornecimento do suplemento melhorou o desempenho dos animais, e a adição de levedura não influenciou as variáveis estudadas.
Qualidade da carne de bovinos superprecoces terminados em confinamento
Authors: Pitombo R.S. , Souza D.D.N. , Ramalho R.O.S. , Figueiredo A.B.A. , Rodrigues V.C. , Freitas D.D.G.C. , Ferreira J.C.S.
Published: September 2013

Avaliou-se a qualidade da carne de 10 bovinos F1 Guzerá-Nelore e 10 F2 Pardo Suíço-Guzerá-Nelore, inteiros, e abatidos precocemente. Na avaliação da carne, foi utilizado o músculo Longissimus dorsi. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente ao acaso. Verificaram-se para F1 e F2, respectivamente, médias para umidade de 75,3 e 75,1, extrato etéreo de 1,4 e 1,5, proteína de 23,7 e 23,6 e cinzas de 1,04 e 1,06. Cor em L* de 28,9 e 30,3, médias para cor em a* de 22,6 e 23,4 e cor em b* de 15,3 15,4, força de cisalhamento de 3,4 e 3,5, perda de peso pelo descongelamento de 9,8 e 10,5 e perda pelo cozimento de 15,9 e 15,6. Não houve diferença estatística para nenhuma das variáveis analisadas entre os grupos genéticos.
Genotype effect on carcass and meat quality of lambs finished in irrigated pastures in the semiarid Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Fernandes Júnior G.A. , Lôbo R.N.B. , Madruga M.S. , Lôbo A.M.B.O. , Vieira L.S. , Facó O.
Published: September 2013

The aim of this study was to compare four genetic groups of sheep on the carcass and meat quality traits. Thirty-three contemporary and unrelated male lambs, all of single birth were used in the experiment, being thirteen from the Santa Inês (SI) breed, seven from the Brazilian Somali breed (BS), six from the Morada Nova (MN) breed and seven from the ½ Dorper - ½ Morada Nova (F1) crossbreed. The genotypes SI, BS and F1 presented similar performances in relation to hot and cold carcass weights, which values were 10.76±0.53kg and 10.46±0.52kg for SI, 9.20±0.73kg and 8.99±0.71kg for BS, and 9.35±0.73kg and 9.13±0.71kg for F1, respectively. The BS had a better hot carcass yield (47.10±0.88%) and cold carcass yield (46.00±0.87%). Better carcass conformation was observed in SI and F1 (2.73±0.12 and 2.50±0.17, respectively) while the BS presented a better finishing (3.29±0.20). The average for the rib eye area (REA) was 9.94±0.49cm², 8.66±0.67cm², 7.18±0.72cm² and 9.8±0.67cm², and for the carcass compactness index (CCI) it was 0.17±0.01kg/cm, 0.17±0.01kg/cm, 0.11±0.01kg/cm and 0.16±0,01kg/cm, for SI, SB, MN and F1, respectively. There were no significant differences between SI, BS and F1 regarding REA and CCI. Although, in general, the MN presented a relatively lower performance than the other genotypes, this breed had similar carcass yields and fat thickness when compared to SI and F1 and similar conformation and REA in comparison to the BS. Regarding meat quality, no differences were observed between genotypes, except for redness and cooking losses. It is concluded that no one group had a higher or lower performance in all traits analyzed. Moreover, for the management conditions employed in this study, there was evidence of greater specialization in meat production for genotypes SI, BS and F1 when compared to MN, although there are no substantial differences between the four groups regarding meat quality.
Qualidade do leite de propriedades familiares praticantes de integração lavoura-pecuária em função do uso do solo
Authors: Santos D.B. , Vanin J. , Silva C.G. , Bondan C. , Bortoluzzi E.C.
Published: September 2013

O objetivo do estudo foi investigar o uso do solo em propriedades familiares (PF) manejadas sob integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP) em bacia hidrográfica e relacionar com a qualidade do leite. Para tal, 14 PF foram caracterizadas e agrupadas quanto ao uso do solo (Grupos 1, 2 e 3) e monitoradas quanto à qualidade do leite, durante os meses de maio de 2010 a fevereiro de 2011. Nas amostras de leite, avaliou-se o teor de gordura, proteína e sólidos não gordurosos. Observou-se que o uso do solo objetivando o cultivo de grãos em detrimento do pastejo animal influencia negativamente o teor de gordura e proteína, em média 6,3% e 5,4%, respectivamente, sobretudo no período de verão. Assim, o planejamento de uso do solo em PF manejadas sob ILP é fundamental, pois a competição entre as atividades reflete na qualidade do leite. As PF especializadas na atividade leiteira apresentam melhor qualidade do leite durante as estações do ano.
Social skills in adolescence: psychopathology and sociodemographic variables
Authors: Von Hohendorff Jean , Couto Maria Clara Pinheiro de Paula , Prati Laíssa Eschiletti
Published: September 2013

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between social skills, psychopathology and sociodemographic characteristics among adolescents. Participants were 50 adolescents from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil (30 girls and 20 boys, Mage=14 years, SD=1.61) who attended either a public or a private school. The participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, the social skills Inventory for Adolescents Del-Prette (frequency and difficulty) and, to assess symptoms of psychopathology, the Self Report Questionnaire 20. Results indicated that there were no differences in the frequency of the social skills investigated with regard to genders, age, type of school attended, and the indication of psychopathology. However, the difficulty score reported on the use of social skills was related with psychopathology. This relationship was further moderated by the type of school. Thus, sociodemographic variables and personal characteristics (such as psychopathology) must be considered in social skills studies.
Recognition of facial expressions in children, young adults and elderly people
Authors: Leime Jamila Leão , Rique Neto Júlio , Alves Simone Marin , Torro-Alves Nelson
Published: September 2013

The present study evaluated the recognition of facial expressions in different ages, using groups composed of: 1) 21 children with a mean age of 7.7 years; 2) 19 young adults with a mean age of 20.1 years; and 3) 9 elderly people with a mean age of 74.7 years. In the tests, participants were asked to identify facial expressions of happiness, sadness, fear and anger of different emotional intensities. The results indicated that the young adults performed better in recognizing facial expressions when compared to the children and elderly people. The children presented a performance similar to the elderly people, supporting the hypothesis that the ability to recognize facial expressions improves in adulthood and diminishes in old age.
Interaction among experience, teaching performance and student's learning at university level
Authors: Borgobello Ana , Peralta Nadia Soledad , Roselli Néstor Daniel
Published: September 2013

This experimental study approaches characteristics of three university teachers' classes with different levels of experience. According to the literature, experienced teachers more often than not are adaptable to different contexts. However, novice teachers are usually focused on specific class contents to be evaluated. Three teachers were selected, a Professor, and two Assistants (a university level one and an undergraduate). We gave them a source text to teach 10 students each one. After that, students' knowledge was evaluated with a post-test and a self-evaluation. The characteristics of the three classes were evaluated by external judges and the students themselves. Moreover, theme and sequential submission analyses following the source text were made. Results show differences in each of the analyzed aspects according to the literature.
Individualism, life trajectories and plans of constituting a family
Authors: Borges Carolina de Campos , Magalhães Andrea Seixas
Published: September 2013

The present paper discusses the results of a research that had as its main purpose to analyze the life projects of individuals belonging to different generations within the last decades, with special emphasis on the role played by establishing a family in such projects. Speeches of 20 individuals (10 men and 10 women) from two generations were analyzed. The study pointed out that the profound contemporary sociocultural changes have led to increasing individualism in the relationships, and consequently have altered the way people engage in building their life courses. Two things have been occurring simultaneously. On the one hand, life courses are being individualized and previous standards are being broken, a phenomenon linked to the reduction of gender asymmetries and to the questioning of the institutions. On the other hand, the family model based on marital stability is being repelled. Due to the instability of love relationships, children are gaining importance in the structuring of the idea of a family.