bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
(In)eficácia do Princípio de Precaução no Brasil
Authors: REICHARDT FERNANDA VIEGAS , SANTOS MAYARA REGINA ARAÚJO DOS
Published: April 2019

RESUMO Este artigo tem por objetivo revisar o Princípio de Precaução no ordenamento nacional ante os acordos internacionais assumidos pelo Brasil. Optamos por uma abordagem constitucional na fase introdutória, pois Princípio de Precaução, que emerge do artigo 225 da Constituição Federal, é considerado como Princípio Geral do Direito Ambiental. O artigo está dividido em três itens. No primeiro deles, como introdução, sugerimos um panorama da sua inserção no direito ambiental brasileiro a partir das convenções internacionais. O segundo item refere-se à sua incorporação pela a doutrina jurídica brasileira. No terceiro, apresentamos alguns exemplos da sua [in]eficácia no contexto nacional. As considerações finais evocam a urgência de uma postura precautória.
Avaliação do escoamento superficial de águas pluviais em pavimento de blocos de solo-cimento
Authors: Tarqui Jorge Luis Zegarra , Carvalho Miriam de Fátima , Santos Camila Maria Leite dos , Santos Juliana Evaristo dos
Published: April 2019

RESUMO Avaliou-se o coeficiente de escoamento (volume escoado/volume precipitado), que define a capacidade de redução do escoamento superficial de um pavimento com blocos de solo-cimento intertravados (20,7 m de comprimento e 3 m de largura) dentro de uma estrutura de vigas de concreto transversais implantada em uma área de declividade de 6% e solo de baixa permeabilidade, e condições similares em áreas de ocupação de populações de baixa renda. Cento e oitenta e quatro eventos (precipitações) foram registrados, mas somente foram considerados eventos com volume precipitado maior que a capacidade máxima de armazenamento do pavimento (≈ 1.500 L) e temperatura menor a 23ºC para manter a precisão do sensor de medição. Os valores experimentais do coeficiente C oscilaram na faixa de 0,47 a 0,79, que confirmam que o pavimento de bloco de solo-cimento é semipermeável.
Os sentidos da economia solidária: reflexões sobre um curso de formação
Authors: Gontijo Felipe Marques Carabetti , Paula Ana Paula Paes de
Published: April 2019

Resumo Neste artigo, apresentam-se reflexões sobre um curso de Formação em Economia Solidária da Senaes, que é parte de uma política pública do Governo Federal para Economia Solidária (ES) no Brasil. Tendo como referência a relação entre o movimento social e o Estado, buscou-se perceber os sentidos da economia solidária nesse processo de formação. Considerando-se os objetivos, valores e princípios manifestados pelo movimento da ES na literatura e nos documentos coletados, identificou-se a ES crítica e a ES neoliberal. A pesquisa empírica ocorreu em duas etapas: uma documental e outra etnográfica, que abordaram os três momentos diferentes do curso: pré-concepção, concepção e implementação. Os dados foram examinados por meio da análise de conteúdo e, após esse percurso, foi possível perceber que, de forma geral, há uma consonância de sentidos nos três momentos identificados em torno da ES crítica e uma prática pedagógica apropriada nos espaços de sala de aula. Constatou-se ainda uma moderação do discurso feita pela Senaes que, a princípio, não descaracteriza o movimento da ES, mas apresenta potencial risco no que diz respeito ao desvio de seu ideário e objetivos. Nas considerações finais, retomam-se os pontos de destaque da pesquisa e discutem-se brevemente os limites e possibilidades dessas ações promovidas via Estado.
Trends and factors shaping the territorial mobility of the population in the regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Fattakhov R. V. , Nizamutdinov M. M. , Oreshnikov V. V.
Published: April 2019

The article deals with the issues of spatial mobility of the population in the regions of the Russian Federation. The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing importance of these processes to ensure the sustainable development of the country as a whole and its individual territories. The aim of the research is the formation of an economic-mathematical model of population migration in the regions of the Russian Federation, taking into account the cumulative impact of multidirectional indicators of socio-economic development. To achieve this goal, a statistical analysis was carried out to identify the correlation between the indicators characterizing the dynamics of migration processes and the socio-economic development of Russian regions. In addition, the methods of structural analysis, analysis of the dynamics, methods of economic and mathematical modeling were used. The conducted clustering allows you to visually see the imbalance of migration processes between the western and eastern parts of the country. Based on the analysis of statistical data, a list of twenty-four indicators (including those characterizing economic development, social security, public finances, demographic situation, etc.) that have a significant impact on migration processes in the regions of Russia was determined. An algorithm for determining the integral indicators, taking into account the degree of «multidirectionality» of particular parameters, is proposed. The proposed approach has been tested on data from the federal districts of the Russian Federation, in particular, a set of regression equations has been developed, describing the relationship between the values of the integral indicators of various spheres of society and the coefficients of migration growth. The scientific novelty of the proposed approach lies in the implementation of a comprehensive interdisciplinary view of the problem under consideration using formalized modeling methods and tools, which allow to quantify possible scenarios for the evolution of socio-economic and demographic processes, calculate their impact on the transformation of the territorial settlement system in the long term. The results can be used to make decisions in the field of demographic policy and management of regional development in the Russian Federation.
Evaluating investment projects efficiency in various conditions
Authors: Livchits V. N. , Mironova I. A. , Shvetsov A. N.
Published: April 2019

Key concepts for assessing the feasibility of the implementation and calculation of the performance of specific economic, socio-economic events or technical (technological) of the project are the related costs and useful results. Therefore, in all cases, the implementation of investment projects should talk about their effectiveness and the principles of its evaluation. The article formulates the correct content of the concepts of «costs», «results», «efficiency» in various (stationary and non-stationary) conditions, provides algorithms for calculating the efficiency. The most important typical mistakes made in the practice of Russian project investment analysis are analyzed. The presentation of the problem is conducted in coordination with the text of fundamental monographs [1–2], normative documents [3], as well as with a number of domestic and foreign monographs, immanent in content to the specifics of the Russian economy.
Digital economy in assessing the investment attractiveness of innovative enterprises based on the results of their own scientific and technical research in the field of petrochemical chemistry
Authors: Beilin I. L. , Khomenko V. V.
Published: April 2019

The concept of the digital economy greatly simplifies the solution of multi-criteria choice problems in an innovative environment, in particular, when an economic assessment of the investment attractiveness of a number of enterprise projects with a set of varied in a wide range of technical indicators and commercialization indicators is necessary. Based on the example of small innovative enterprises based on the results of their own scientific and technical research in the field of petrochemical chemistry, a model for the formation of investment portfolios is compiled, taking into account the impact of costs on an improved set of product technical characteristics and the relevance of the level of these characteristics by the investor. The choice of projects from the field of petrochemical chemistry is due to the high importance of this sector both in the economy of individual regions, as the most flexible and at the same time self-sufficient economic system, for example, the Republic of Tatarstan, and at the national and global level. The presence of own scientific developments of the co-author of the article in the field of petrochemical and chemical cluster provides a close relationship of the economic component of innovative projects with variation of all possible technical and technological characteristics of an innovative product in a wide range, depending on investors’ requirements. In addition to traditional applications, the complex of transparent high-strength polymers and polymers with non-stick properties, based on the principles and mechanisms of anionic (co) polymerization of cyclic carbonates with isocyanate-containing compounds under conditions of anionic initiation, gained interest in space technologies, technologies of nano-sized particles and liquid crystals, which requires the search for new methods of synthesis and digital on-line interrelation of the changing costs of the project with its economic efficiency.
Diagnosis the results of production and marketing activities of organizations
Authors: Sharkova A. V.
Published: April 2019

This article discusses the issues of the sales system of enterprises, diagnostics of production and sales activities of organizations. The theoretical aspect of the organization of the sales system is investigated, in particular, the process of product sales, the procedures for organizing production and sales activities, the issues of organizing sales policy, and distribution channels are investigated. Sales systems are investigated as complex and multi-stage, with their own characteristics in various sectors of the economy. It was revealed, that in the backbone sector of the national economy – ferrous metallurgy, there are some peculiarities related to the specific use of raw materials and technologies. This also affects the choice of diagnosis of the organization’s sales activities. The article describes the indicators, used in the diagnosis of production and marketing activities of organizations. The considered system of indicators reflects the qualitative and quantitative estimates of the side of the organization. It is shown, that modern sales systems are very diverse and are formed under the influence of certain conditions and factors. The importance of analyzing the diagnostics of the results of the production and sales activities of organizations is emphasized, since it represents the reflection and influence on its overall performance.
К ВОПРОСУ О ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ПОДХОДОВ КОММЕРЧЕСКОГО БАНКА К КРЕДИТНОМУ АНАЛИЗУ МАЛОГО БИЗНЕСА
Authors: Konnova A V , Bykanova N I , Evdokimov D V
Published: April 2019

Цель: исследовать вопросы, связанные с трансформацией подходов коммерческих банков к кредитному анализу малого бизнеса, роль которого в настоящее время усиливается в национальной экономике. Обсуждение: одним из перспективных направлений кредитования коммерческих банков в России является развитие кредитных отношений с предприятиями малого бизнеса. В условиях современной экономической нестабильности банки должны внимательно относиться к потенциальным заемщикам. Следовательно, необходима трансформация подходов коммерческих банков к кредитному анализу малых предприятий с целью увеличения его качества и эффективности. Результаты: авторами выделены исторические этапы развития кредитного анализа в России; проведен анализ современного состояния на рынке кредитования малого и среднего бизнеса; рассмотрены этапы проведения кредитного анализа заемщика (малого предприятия) в ПАО Сбербанк; даны рекомендации по дальнейшей трансформации подходов коммерческого банка к кредитному анализу малого бизнеса.
ВЕКТОР ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ ДЕНЕЖНЫХ ПОТОКОВ ЛИКВИДНОСТИ И ПЛАТЕЖЕСПОСОБНОСТИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИЙ
Authors: Shishkina L А , Tkacheva V V , Orekhov A A
Published: April 2019

Цель: оценить взаимосвязь денежных потоков ликвидности и платежеспособности организаций. Обсуждение: рассматриваются элементы организации денежных потоков, которые играют важную роль в деятельности коммерческих организаций: их сравнивают с кровеносной системой живых организмов, выделяют в особый участок финансовой работы. Рассмотрена такая система бизнес-процессов, для которой важно не обеспечить любое движение денег по счетам, а с помощью денежных потоков достигалась стабильная и эффективная работа, а следовательно, рост компании. В статье рассматривается взаимосвязь движения денег и ликвидности корпораций. Результаты: выявлены и обоснованы взаимосвязь денежных потоков ликвидности и платёжеспособности организаций.
Motor Abilities: Peculiarities of Effects of Volleyball Training on Coordination Preparedness of Girls Aged 15
Authors: Marchenko S. I. , Dykhanova A. I.
Published: April 2019

The research purpose is to study the level of coordination abilities development of girls aged 15 and to determine its effects on the quality of performance of the basic volleyball-specific techniques.

Materials and methods. To achieve the purpose set, the following methods were used: analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodological literature, pedagogical testing, and methods of mathematical statistics for processing research results.

Results. The confirmatory experiment revealed an insufficient level of coordination abilities in the girls aged 15. In the process of comprehensive control of coordination preparedness of the girls aged 15, the study observed statistically significant changes of all indicators in both groups (p < 0.05). The experimental group shows a tendency for greater improvement of results. It is worth noting a significant increase in the performance indicators of typical game exercises suggested by the subject-centered physical education curriculum.

Conclusions. The presented results of the comprehensive pedagogical testing of coordination abilities of the girls aged 15 can be further used as a basis for developing experimental programs aimed at optimizing physical education for high school students.
Истернизация русской повседневности: история и современность
Authors: Ильин Владимир Иванович
Published: April 2019

Цитирование: Ильин В.И. (2019) Истернизация русской повседневности: история и современность // Мир России. Т. 28. № 2. С. 25–41.DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-2-25-41

Процессы культурной диффузии как фактор развития русской повседневной культуры веками шли в форме вестернизации и истернизации, и почти на всех этапах русской истории, включая современный, доминировала вестернизация. При этом истернизация очень часто принимала парадоксальные формы вестернизации: 1) восточное влияние на русскую повседневную культуру часто оказывалось через западные страны; 2) из стран Востока импортировались товары, изначально появившиеся в западной культуре, но производимые в дальнейшем в восточных государствах. В отличие от вестернизации истернизация повседневности обычно не влекла за собой изменений структур образа жизни. Причина состояла в том, что импортируемые элементы восточной культуры были глубоко укоренены в качестве элементов цельной системы ментальности, в то время как вестернизация повседневности опиралась на удовлетворении естественных универсальных потребностей в физическом и духовном комфорте, благодаря чему она легко прививалась к любой культуре, порождая своеобразные глокальные гибриды. Восток внедрялся в Россию в двух формах: с одной стороны, это было прямое проникновение в пространство русской повседневности (от нашествия агрессоров до импорта товаров); с другой, Восток регулярно проявлялся в виде мифа, и эти ипостаси частично переплетались (миф стимулировал импорт, выступая инструментом «мягкой силы»). Целью данной статьи является концептуализация категории истернизации российской повседневности как сквозного процесса российской истории.
«Особый путь»: мифы, реальность, поиски выхода
Authors: Плискевич Наталья Михайловна
Published: April 2019

Цитирование: Плискевич Н.М. (2019) «Особый путь»: мифы, реальность, поиски выхода // Мир России. Т. 28. № 2. С. 42–62. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2019-28-2-42-62

ские построения там, где общество болезненно переживает сам факт своей отсталости или испытывает жестокое разочарование от опыта модернизации с использованием институтов, заимствованных у более успешных стран. При этом игнорируется, что этиинституты были выработаны в странах-донорах в ходе долгого эволюционного развития по собственному «особому пути». Складывающаяся в результате ситуация требует анализа трех аспектов проблемы: 1) выделения идеологемы «особого пути» и ее роли в социально-экономических, политических и идеологических процессах в эксплуатирующей их стране; 2) определения своеобразия исторической, географической, культурной, социально-экономической ситуации, которое лежит в основе особости развития данной страны; 3) поиска оригинальных шагов, позволяющих выйти из ситуации path dependence и разработать программу преодоления преград, сдерживающих модернизационные устремления. В настоящей статье все эти проблемы рассматриваются преимущественно на основе российской специфики. Показано, что сама идеологема «особого пути» нередко навязывается обществу государством и используется им в своих политических целях. В то же время подчеркивается определенная сложность выстраивания пути к подлинной модернизации, тем более в современном информационном мире, поскольку этот путь должен учитывать и наличие «институциональных рубцов», связанных с предшествующими неудачными попытками мобилизационных рывков. В этих условиях заметная роль отводится государству, от которого требуется гибкий подход к решению текущих проблем не через чрезмерное регулирование всех процессов, выливающееся в монополизм коллективизма «сверху», но благодаря поощрению инициатив самого общества, созданию им независимых организаций, которые для многих индивидов оказываются проявлениями коллективизма «снизу» или, другими словами, факторами формирования гражданского общества. Гармоническое соотношение государства и гражданского общества лежит в основе благополучия современных развитых стран.
Socio-demographic and lifestyle influences on falls among the elderly persons living in Gatanga Sub-County, Murang’a County, Central Kenya: A cross-section study v2
Authors: Kimani Ernest , Karanja Simon , Muthami Lawrence , Ndanya Samuel , Gitonga Samuel
Published: April 2019

An estimated one-third of the elderly people worldwide sustain falls every year, which contributes to over 20% of injuries in this age group. In the central region of (Mount) Kenya, despite increasing awareness about this condition, the magnitude as well as the socio-demographic and lifestyle factors leading to falls in the elderly are not well known. The main objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of falls, their outcomes, and the factors influencing their occurrence among the elderly persons living in Gatanga Sub-County, Murang’a County, central Kenya. An analytical cross-sectional study design was used. Using systematic random sampling, 426 out of 9247 study participants were identified and interviewed at home. Using a structured interview form, data was collected on socio-demographic, socio-economic, lifestyle, and medical factors, as well as on fall or non-fall status from September 2016 to August 2017. With 41%, the prevalence of falls amongst the elderly in this region is high. The farming lifestyle involving animal husbandry and medical illnesses are significantly associated with falls. To reduce the occurrence of falls, we need to better understand the underlying contributing factors and the integration of relevant preventive measures that reduce the risk of falls in communities of the elderly.
protocol v3
Authors: Niu Yanli , Peng Yansong , Chen Wenxing , Zhan Xuaihuai , Chachar Sadaruddin , Zhang Pingxian , Zhou Saixi
Published: April 2019

SSR and SRAP markers were applied to assess the genetic diversity and structure of four populations of sixty-four samples ofEmmenopterys henryi. 12 pairs of SRAP primers generated 86 bands, and polymorphism rate was 88.4%. Higher values of genetic diversity parameters (h = 0.3195, I = 0.4757, PPB = 69377%, at the species level; h = 0.2632, I = 0.3868, PPB = 89.53%, at the population level) demonstrated relatively higher level of genetic diversity. A total of 150 alleles were detected using 10 pairs of SSR primer. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 7 to 24, with an average of 15 alleles of each locus. The genetic diversity parameters (h = 0.091, I = 0.176, PPB = 99.33%, at the species level; h = 0.0829, I = 0.1447, PPB = 50.34%, at the population level) were obtained. Population genetic differentiation level of E.henryi (SRAP, GST= 0.1936; SSR, GST = 0.0944) was higher compared to other species. AMOVA revealed that genetic variation mainly existed within populations. For SRAP markers, UPGMA dendrogram and PCA cluster analysis separate HS and DWS populations from other populations. But for SSR markers, UPGMA dendrogram and PCA cluster analysis divided 4 populations into 3 groups but was not obvious, and indicated the extent of admixture within some samples. It seemed the extant of genetic pattern of E.henryi might have mainly attributed to its long evolutionary history, wide-ranging distribution, outcross mating system and human activities. The genetic diversity parameters (Na, Ne, h, I)(except for Na at the species level ) revealed by SRAP markers were higher than that by SSR markers, but genetic distance calculated based on SSR markers was larger than that based on SRAP markers. Based on the conservation of germplasm resources and genetic diversity, the combination of SRAP and SSR markers could fully implement conservation and sustainable exploitation of the endangered plant E.henryi.
Sendikaya Bağlılık Ölçeği Test ve Madde Puanlarının Madde Tepki Kuramına Dayalı Aşamalı Tepki Modeli ile İncelenmesi
Authors: KARACA Dr. Öğr. Üyesi Erol
Published: April 2019

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Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, Sendikaya Bağlılık Ölçeğinden (SBÖ) elde edilen madde puanlarını Madde Tepki Kuramı (MTK) modeli olan Aşamalı Tepki Modeli (ATM) ile incelemektir. Araştırma verilerinin toplanmasında Gordon ve arkadaşları (1980) tarafından geliştirilen, Bilgin (2003) tarafından Türkçe uyarlama çalışması yapılan SBÖ kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2009 yılında Kütahya, İstanbul, Eskişehir, Bursa, İzmir ve Balıkesir illerinde görev yapan basit tesadüfi örneklem yoluyla seçilen 353 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. SBÖ’de sendikal bağlılığa yönelik tutuma ilişkin 15 madde bulunmaktadır ve bu maddelere öğretmenlerin “kesinlikle katılmıyorum (1)” ve “kesinlikle katılıyorum (5)” gibi arasında tepkide bulunmaları istenmiştir. Tutum maddeleri, çok kategorili MTK modellerinden likert tipi ölçekler için uygun olan ATM kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde öncelikle veri setinin MTK’nın tek boyutluluk ve yerel bağımsızlık varsayımlarını sağlayıp sağlamadığı incelenmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin analizinin ikinci aşamasında ise MULTILOG programında ATM seçilerek madde kalibrasyonu yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, veri setinin MTK’nın tek boyutluluk ve yerel bağımsızlık varsayımlarını sağladığı ve model-veri uyumunun sağlandığı görülmüştür. Araştırma bulgularına göre sendikaya bağlılık açısından öğretmenleri en iyi ayırt eden ve dolayısıyla en çok bilgi veren maddenin 4. madde, öğretmenleri en azayırt eden ve dolayısıyla en az bilgi veren maddenin ise 14. madde olduğu görülmektedir. 
A clinicopathogical study on diabetic foot ulcer with special reference to the causative factors and its management
Authors: Paul Sailendranath , Das Dilip Kumar
Published: April 2019

Background: Diabetic ulcers are the most common foot injuries leading to lower extremity amputation. The present study was done to identify the incidence and related risk factors of diabetic foot ulcers in study participants.Methods: This was a prospective done on 50 patients with diabetic foot ulcers. All the patients were examined thoroughly and related laboratory investigations were done. Wound culture and sensitivity was done in all cases.Results: Mean age of onset with foot ulcers was 53.5 yrs in male and 55 yrs in females. Nephropathy was present in 12 (24%) patients. Sensorimotor neuropathy was present in 29 (58%) cases and autonomic neuropathy was present in 06 (12%) cases. Most common infection identified in diabetic foot ulcers was due to gram-negative bacteria (E. coli in 45 cases). Major amputation was done in 2 (4%) patients.Conclusions: Implementation of management strategies at early stages prevents the development of complications related to diabetic foot ulcers in patients.
Profile of children with seizures in a tertiary care hospital at VCSGGIMS and R Srinagar Pauri, Gharwal, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Chib Rohit , Devi Manju
Published: April 2019

Background: Seizure is one of the common causes of childhood hospitalization with significant mortality and morbidity. Current study is to find the etiology of seizure and classify seizure into various types and age groups presenting to tertiary center in Department of pediatrics VCSGGIMS and R Srinagar Pauri, Gharwal, Uttrakhand, India.Methods: This was a hospital based prospective study carried out from 1st Jan. 2014 to 31st Dec 2014. Variables collected were demographics, clinical presentations, laboratory tests, brain imaging studies, electroencephalography, diagnosis and hospital course.Results: A total of 276 patients were admitted for seizures with 172 (62.3%) males and 104 (37.7%) females. Among these patients, 148 (53.5%) presented with fever and 157 (56.8%) of children were less than 5 years of age. Generalized tonic-clonic seizure was the most common seizure type (69.2%) followed by partial (19.2%), absence (2.8%), myoclonus (1.6%) and others (6.9%). Seizure disorder (33.7%), febrile seizures (30%), CNS infections (meningitis 6.1%, encephalitis 6.5% and Tubercular meningitis 1.8%) and neurocysticercosis were other common etiologies. Abnormal brain images were noted in 55 (45.45%) out of 121 patients and most common abnormality was neurocysticercosis 33(12%).Conclusions: Acute episode of seizure is one of the causes for hospitalization. It can be concluded from present study that most of seizures caused by febrile seizures and CNS infections (meningitis and encephalitis, neurocysticercosis) can be managed better with prompt interventions. Children presenting with unprovoked seizure need prolonged follow up with neurophysiologic studies and neuroimaging (CT or MRI) for better understanding of childhood seizure.
Peripheral haematological manifestations in HIV infection and its relation to CD4 count
Authors: Jain Lalit , Singh Amit A. , Chauhan Pratap S.
Published: April 2019

Background: HIV infection is associated with a wide range of haematological abnormalities, which are amongst its most common complications. This study aims at discerning the peripheral haematological abnormalities associated with HIV infection and to correlate them with CD4 cell count.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2017 till August 2018. 109 patients in 15 years or more age group who were HIV positive by the NACO guidelines were included. Complete hemogram, serum iron studies, serum folate and vitamin B12 levels, and flowcytometric CD4 cell count analysis were done for all the patients. Various haematological parameters were compared between the patients with CD4 cell counts <200/µl (n=52) to those with counts >200/µl (n=57). By using student t-test, the p-value was calculated for various parameters.Results: Anaemia (58.7%), leucopenia (27.5%) and thrombocytopenia (17.4%) were seen with anaemia being the most common abnormality. Normocytic normochromic anaemia (65.6%) was the predominant type of anaemia. Overall analysis showed a statistically significant difference between two groups in haemoglobin concentration, RBC indices, serum ferritin values and absolute lymphocyte count; with p-value <0.05.Conclusions: The diagnosis and treatment of haematological disorders are essential in medical care of the HIV-infected patients. Thus, in resource limited setups, where CD4 count analysis is not possible, haematological abnormalities can be used as tools for monitoring HIV positive individuals and can aid in the treatment of the patients.
Место инфраструктуры в функционировании продовольственного рынка
Authors: Вартанова Марина Львовна
Published: April 2019

Эффективное функционирование рынка связано с совокупностью признаков, которые могут оказывать непосредственное и/ или опосредованное влияние на деятельность его субъектов. Важной частью рынка, без которого он не будет высокоорганизованным, является инфраструктура рынка.
Пути достижения устойчивого развития сельских территорий
Authors: Вартанова Марина Львовна , Газимагомедова Патина Казимовна
Published: April 2019

В условиях вхождения России в мирохозяйственные связи и нарастающей зависимости ее экономики от глобальных экономических процессов, возникающего финансового кризиса, все сложнее решать такую проблему социально-экономического характера, как устойчивое продовольственное самообеспечение. Авторы статьи отмечают, что за последние годы в стране возникает острая необходимость в сдерживании деградационных процессов на селе.
Система показателей доступности и достаточности продовольственного обеспечения населения
Authors: Газимагомедова Патина Казимовна
Published: April 2019

В настоящее время наблюдается очевидная взаимосвязь между несбалансированностью энергетической ценности питания с видовой структурой потребляемого продовольствия. Для уточнения этой взаимосвязи и оценки состояния уровня потребления основных продуктов питания, необходимо провести их оценку. Анализ деятельности органов власти различных стран по решению этой проблемы показывает, что индикаторы уровня жизни населения, включающие продовольственное обеспечение, оптимальное питание, тесно связаны с общим уровнем социально-экономического развития страны и регионов.
Сельская социальная реальность
Authors: Попова Ирина Викторовна
Published: April 2019

Результаты проведенного мною обследования в силу своей стандартизированности, не позволяют более-менее досконально понять те качественные процессы, которые происходят сегодня в сельской местности. Поэтому, представленный результат можно рассматривать как отчет о не включенном наблюдении, хотя само исследование проводилось методом опроса, объектом которого было население одного из лесных районов Костромской области.
Коррупция как фактор теневой экономики: тенденции и перспективы развития (на примере Приволжского ФО)
Authors: Руденко Марина Николаевна , Субботина Юлия Дмитриевна , Федотова Анастасия Сергеевна
Published: April 2019

Проведя анализ современной криминальной ситуации в Приволжском ФО, необходимо констатировать ухудшение качественных характеристик преступности, увеличение её тяжести и повышение общественной опасности.
Оценка тенденций функционирования неформального предпринимательства на основе динамической модели панельных данных
Authors: Симутина Наталья Леонидовна , Левентов Николай Николаевич
Published: April 2019

Во всём мире возрастает научный интерес к исследованию предпринимательства, которое присутствует в неформальной экономике. В России изучение этого направления только зарождается. В работе в качестве неформальных предпринимателей рассматриваются лица, зарегистрированные в государственном реестре РФ как индивидуальные предприниматели (ИП) и получающие доход от ведения своего бизнеса. Предложена последовательность оценки тенденций функционирования неформального предпринимательства в субъектах РФ в зависимости от экономических факторов, включающая пять этапов, инструментом которой является авторская динамическая модель, использующая панельные данные. Для расчетов использовалась показатели по 77 субъектам РФ за 7 лет. На основании полученной модели сделан ряд выводов. Статистически подтверждена инертность, традиционность сложившихся практик индивидуального предпринимательства в субъектах. Чем выше в регионе ВРП на душу населения, тем меньше там ИП. В противоположном случае предприниматели уходят полностью в неформальный сектор или переходят на наёмную работу. Население с низким уровнем квалификации абсорбируется в неформальный сектор без регистрации в качестве предпринимателей.
Методологические аспекты управления операционным риском при кредитовании корпоративных заемщиков
Authors: Помулев Александр Александрович
Published: April 2019

В статье рассмотрена проблема управления операционным риском в процессе кредитовании корпоративных заемщиков, которая является дискуссионной в современной практике риск-менеджмента. Этиология операционного риска позволяет относить к данному определению инциденты утраты обеспечения, которые по своей сути не являются таковыми. При рассмотрении событий операционного риска в процессе кредитования реального финансового последствия может и не возникнуть, и в данном случае возникают трудности с корректностью аллокации потерь, влияющих на корректировку при оценке собственного капитала.
В статье анализируются следующие ключевые моменты:
• основные аспекты управления операционным риском;
• понятия операционного риска при кредитовании корпоративных заемщиков, залогового риска при работе с обеспечением;
• классификация факторов операционного и залогового рисков;
• отмечено многообразие рисков условиях теневой экономической деятельности субъектов
Prediction of drug tendency use on the basis of religious orientation and thrill-seeking of students
Authors: Salehi Mohammad , Abdi Mansour
Published: April 2019

The aim of this study is to predict the trends in drug use and sensation seeking on the basis of religious orientation in students of Islamic Azad University Branch of Roodehen in the first semester of the school year 92â€“93. For this purpose, 120 male and female students who have been selected for a random sample of correlation between the two variables is an indicator variable and, religious orientation Alport, Zuckerman Sensation Seeking and attitude to drug use that all tests have been completed standardisation Iranian issue. As a result of this study, among variables, it can be stated that sensation seeking, experience seeking, adventure and boredom are significant predictors for basic variable (towards drug abuse), whereas diversity, avoid forbidding, internal and external religious orientation are not significant predictors for basic variable (towards drug abuse).

Keywords: Attitude to drug use, religious orientation, thrill-seeking.
Flood Frequency Analysis of the Mahi Basin by Using Log Pearson Type III Probability Distribution
Authors: Pawar Uttam , Hire Pramodkumar
Published: April 2019

Flood frequency analysis is one of the techniques of examination of peak stream flow frequency and magnitude in the field of flood hydrology, flood geomorphology and hydraulic engineering. In the present study, Log Pearson Type III (LP-III) probability distribution has applied for flood series data of four sites on the Mahi River namely Mataji, Paderdi Badi, Wanakbori and Khanpur and of three sites on its tributaries such as Anas at Chakaliya, Som at Rangeli and Jakham at Dhariawad. The annual maximum series data for the record length of 26-51 years have been used for the present study. The time series plots of the data indicate that two largest ever recorded floods were observed in the year 1973 and 2006 on the Mahi River. The estimated discharges of 100 year return period range between 3676 m3/s and 47632 m3/s. The return period of the largest ever recorded flood on the Mahi River at Wankbori (40663 m3/s) is 127-yr. The recurrence interval of mean annual discharges (Qm) is between 2.73-yr and 3.95-yr, whereas, the return period of large floods (Qlf) range from 6.24-yr to 9.33-yr. The magnitude-frequency analysis curves represent the reliable estimates of the high floods. The fitted lines are fairly close to the most of the data points. Therefore, it can be reliably and conveniently used to read the recurrence intervals for a given magnitude and vice versa.
Europejski Filar Praw Socjalnych – próba odzyskania zaufania obywateli unijnych do projektu Europejskiego
Authors: Surdykowska Barbara
Published: April 2019

Kryzys, który spadł na Europę w 2008 r., był wstrząsem nie tylko w dziedzinie gospodarczej. Doprowadził on także do załamania wiary wielu obywateli UE, że procesy integracyjne zapewniają także dobrostan społeczny. Zrozumiał to dobrze Jean-Claude Juncker, który w 2014 r. stanął na czele Komisji Europejskiej. W marcu 2015 r. ogłosił,że potrzebne jest nowe otwarcie dla dialogu społecznego (New Start for Social Dialogue), a w ślad za tym ruszyły prace nad inicjatywą Europejskiego Filaru Praw Socjalnych. Za implementację Filaru odpowiedzialna jest Komisja Europejska, rządy państw członkowskich oraz partnerzy społeczni zarówno na poziomie krajowym jak i unijnym.Filar nie ma charakteru prawnie wiążącego, stanowi rekomendację ze strony Komisji Europejskiej. W dużym stopniu Filar bazuje na istniejącym już społecznym acquis, ale wyraźnie należy podkreślić, że są obszary, w których wykracza poza dotychczasowy zakres zarówno „twardych” jak i „miękkich” regulacji, na przykład w obszarze prawsocjalnych osób samozatrudnionych. Banalne byłoby stwierdzenie, że powodzenie Filaru będzie zależało od woli politycznej państw członkowskich i Komisji Europejskiej. Dotychczasowe doświadczenia z implementacją dyrektyw, które mają bezpośrednio „wynikać” z implementacji Filaru, pozwala na bardzo umiarkowany optymizm.
Partnerzy społeczni w Europejskim Filarze Praw Socjalnych: aktorzy czy statyści?
Authors: Unterschütz Joanna
Published: April 2019

Komisja Europejska odnosi się do dialogu społecznego jako jednego z rozwiązań, za pomocą których można wprowadzić w życie zasady ujęte w Europejskim Filarze Praw Socjalnych(EFPS), deklarując wsparcie dla wznowienia dialogu społecznego na poziomie europejskim oraz podkreślając rolę dialogu pomiędzy organizacjami zrzeszającymi pracodawców i pracowników. Jednocześnie już̇ sam sposób ujęcia zasady 8 Filaru może budzić wątpliwości. Także „Tablica wyników społecznych”, stanowiąca jeden z instrumentów wdrażania zasad ujętych w Filarze pomija całkowicie wskaźniki związane z prowadzeniem dialogu społecznego i udziałem pracowników w zarzadzaniu zakładem pracy. Rzeczywiste zaangażowanie partnerów społecznych na poziomie europejskim i krajowym w znacznym stopniu zależy zatem od ich woli działania i charakteru podejmowanych inicjatyw. Wątpliwe jest jednak czy sam EFPS, jak i instrumenty służące realizacji przedstawionych w nim celów, dostarczą partnerom społecznym nowych narzędzi do umacniania dialogu społecznego.
Ustanowienie rozdzielności majątkowej a odpowiedzialność majątkowa małżonków
Authors: Olszewski Przemysław
Published: April 2019

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia problematykę ustanowienia rozdzielności majątkowej małżonków w kontekście odpowiedzialności majątkowej. W artykule poruszona została kwestia odpowiedzialności majątkowej małżonków majątkiem wspólnym, jak również problematyka związana z ochroną praw wierzyciela w sytuacji, gdy dłużnikiem jest jeden z małżonków. Artykuł ma na celu rozważenie czy interesy majątkowe rodziny w związku z ustanowieniem rozdzielności majątkowej małżonków są wystarczająco chronione i czy ochrona praw majątkowych rodziny względem potencjalnego wierzyciela nie odbywa się kosztem tego ostatniego.
Kilka uwag na tle statusu prawnego związków jednopłciowych w polskim ustawodawstwie
Authors: Drapalska-Grochowicz Marlena
Published: April 2019

W artykule podjęto próbę opisania rozbieżności pomiędzy statusem prawnym a faktycznym związków jednopłciowych oraz analizę przyczyn braku instytucjonalnej formy pożycia związków jednopłciowych. Szczególnej analizie poddano, często podawany w dyskursie artykuł 18 Konstytucji RP poprzez określenie jego wariantów interpretacyjnych oraz opis prac legislacyjnych nad jego ostatecznym kształtem. Autorka nawiązując do komunikacyjnej koncepcji prawa jako twórczego dialogu zwraca uwagę na istotność oczyszczenia dyskursu z kwestii światopoglądowych, a oparcie go na racjach płynących z osiągnięć nauk empirycznych (socjologia, psychologia, medycyna). Ustawodawca trwając w dialogu ze społeczeństwem powinien być jego bacznym obserwatorem, tak, aby prawo stanowiło instrument przydatny i niekrzywdzący dla obywateli w codziennym funkcjonowaniu, będąc źródłem potencjalnego zbliżenia, nie oddalenia. Społeczeństwo, w tym instytucja małżeństwa, nie jest statycznym bytem, lecz ulega ciągłym przeobrażeniom. Należy zatem rozważyć jak do tych zmian powinien ustosunkować się ustawodawca i jakie wskazówki pozostawia mu w tym zakresie Konstytucja RP.
Heliannuol: Distribution, Biological Activities,1H and13C-NMR Spectral Data
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos Magno Rocha , de Souza Thiago Silva Galvão , de Almeida Karinne Canevalli , Dutra Karen Danielle Borba , Valverde Alessandra Leda
Published: April 2019

:

Heliannuols are an important class of compounds isolated from Helianthus annuus, a common sunflower, with allelopathic properties. Interestingly, two of these fourteen compounds have been isolated from a gorgonian, Pseudopterogorgia rigida. This review compiles data on the isolation and biological activity of heliannuols described in the literature and briefly reports the papers describing their syntheses. This review could stimulate research into other natural species and syntheses. Further, it describes the 1H and 13C-NMR spectral data described in the literature for the 14 heliannuols already isolated and correlates them with their respective structures. Therefore, we believe that these searchable data enable a rapid identification in routine analysis of the crude extracts of sunflowers or gorgonians.
Differences Between COPD Patients of a Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program According to the mMRC Dyspnea Scale
Authors: Betancourt-Peña Jhonatan , Benavides-Córdoba Vicente , Avila-Valencia Juan Carlos , Rosero-Carvajal Hamilton Elias
Published: April 2019

Background:

The modified Medical Research Council scale (mMRC) is a standardized
measure of the effect of dyspnea on the activities of the daily life of patients suffering from Chronic
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to determine the differences in
the quality of life, tolerance to effort and symptoms among patients with COPD with lower (mMRC
0-1) and greater symptoms (mMRC ≥2).

Methods:

Cross-sectional study that included patients admitted to a pulmonary rehabilitation program
and who were classified into 2 groups: a group containing the less symptomatic patients and another
group with the more symptomatic ones. We collected these patients’ sociodemographic, clinical,
anthropometric, anxiety, depression and quality of life (SGRQ) data. Likewise, the subjects performed
the 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Finally, we measured the multidimensional BODE index score.

Results:

130 subjects were included, 35 presenting an mMRC of 0 to1 and 95 having an mMRC ≥ 2,
with an age of 70.87 ± 9.45 years old. The 6MWT distance, the VO2e, the total score of SGRQ, and
its domains of activities and impact showed significant differences between the groups (p <0.05).
Significant correlations were found in the group presenting an mMRC of 0-1 between the mMRC
and the FEV1 (p = 0.028), and in the group with an mMRC ≥2 for the FVC (p = 0.031), the 6MWT
distance (p = 0.000), the VO2e (p = 0.010) and the BODE index (p = 0.000).

Conclusion:

Patients with an mMRC of 0 to1 had better results in the 6MWT, the VO2e and the
SGRQ in comparison with the most symptomatic ones.
Spirituality and Religion-Relevance and Assessment in the Clinical Setting
Authors: Khan Ishrat J.
Published: April 2019

Background:

There has been an increasing interest in the past several decades to study the relationship between spirituality and religion with physical and mental health as well as the various quality of life measures. This trend has led to the creation of an area of study called epidemiology of religion and spirituality. The policy shifts at various levels, in the mental health field, has occurred as well to educate healthcare providers, and address patients’ spiritual /religious needs in clinical settings. Despite these advances in research and policy shift, there is still some resistance in the health care community to assess and address the spiritual needs of patients in clinical settings.

Objective:

The objective is to review the published articles on spirituality/religion and its relationship with mental and physical wellbeing and discuss limitations of such research. The review articles on assessment and interventions to address spiritual or religious needs in clinical settings were also included.

Methods:

Author conducted a literature search using books@Ovid, Journals@Ovid Full Text, Your Journals@Ovid, Ovid MEDLINE® 1946 to January week 4 2019, Ovid Medline® and Epub Ahead of Print, In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Daily without Revisions 2015-January 28, 2019; Ovid MD and Psychiatry Online.

Results:

A total of 1,040 articles were identified using keywords spirituality, religion, mental health, physical health, psychological well-being, healthy beliefs, psychopathological beliefs and quality of life. The search result included original research papers, review articles and commentaries.

Conclusion:

The review articles were narrowed to 100 articles based on relevance to the objectives outlined above. Seventy-five articles were referenced at the end.
Deep Learning for Alzheimer’s Disease Classification using Texture Features
Authors: So Jae-Hong , Madusanka Nuwan , Choi Heung-Kook , Choi Boo-Kyeong , Park Hyeon-Gyun
Published: April 2019

Background:

We propose a classification method for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) based
on the texture of the hippocampus, which is the organ that is most affected by the onset of AD.

Methods:

We obtained magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of Alzheimer’s patients from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. This dataset consists of image data for
AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and normal controls (NCs), classified according to the cognitive condition. In this study, the research methods included image processing, texture analyses,
and deep learning. Firstly, images were acquired for texture analyses, which were then re-spaced,
registered, and cropped with Gabor filters applied to the resulting image data. In the texture analyses, we applied the 3-dimensional (3D) gray-level co-occurrence (GLCM) method to evaluate the
textural features of the image, and used Fisher’s coefficient to select the appropriate features for
classification. In the last stage, we implemented a deep learning multi-layer perceptron (MLP)
model, which we divided into three types, namely, AD-MCI, AD-NC, and MCI-NC.

Results:

We used this model to assess the accuracy of the proposed method. The classification accuracy of the proposed deep learning model was confirmed in the cases of AD-MCI (72.5%), ADNC (85%), and MCI-NC (75%). We also evaluated the results obtained using a confusion matrix,
support vector machine (SVM), and K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier and analyzed the results
to objectively verify our model. We obtained the highest accuracy of 85% in the AD-NC.

Conclusion:

The proposed model was at least 6–19% more accurate than the SVM and KNN classifiers, respectively. Hence, this study confirms the validity and superiority of the proposed method, which can be used as a diagnostic tool for early Alzheimer’s diagnosis.