bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THIOLATION OF FENUGREEK SEED POLYSACCHARIDE; UTILIZATION AS A NOVEL BIOMUCOADHESIVE AGENT IN DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: BANDYOPADHYAY PRANAB KUMAR , NAYAK AMIT KUMAR
Published: January 2023

Objective: The objectives of the present work were to carry out thiol-modification (i.e., thiolation) of fenugreek polysaccharide (FP) and to assess the synthesized thiolated product (TFP) as a mucoadhesive excipient in the designing of mucoadhesive formulations (metronidazole gels and metronidazole buccal discs).
Methods: Extracted CG was thiol-modified via an esterification reaction by utilizing thioglycolic acid with an acidic milieu (using hydrochloric acid). Metronidazole mucoadhesive gels and buccal discs made of extracted FP and TFP (as mucoadhesive excipients) were prepared and evaluated to assess their biomucoadhesivity. Mucoadhesive gels containing 1%w/v metronidazole were prepared using both FP and TFP (1% w/v), separately. Mucoadhesive buccal discs containing metronidazole were prepared by the compression method, where FP and TFP (100 mg) were used as mucoadhesive excipients separately, along with 50 mg lactose and 25 mg PEG 4000.
Results: The yield of TFP was 53.46% and the content of the thiol group in TFP was found to be 5.18 mmol of thiol group/g of FP. FTIR analysis results indicated the thiolation of FP in the synthesized TFP. Both types of formulations (mucoadhesive gels and buccal discs) made of TFP exhibited excellent improved ex vivo biomucoadhesion and a sustained pattern of metronidazole release over a prolonged period.
Conclusion: The synthesized TFP can be used as improved mucoadhesive agent in the designing of biomucoadhesive systems for drug delivery.
OPTIMIZATION, DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF REPAGLINIDE CONTROLLED RELEASE GASTRO-RETENTIVE FLOATING TABLET USING CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN
Authors: PATEL MAHENDRA , KHAN MASHEER AHMED
Published: January 2023

Objective: The recent study's objective was to optimize and formulate a controlled-release gastro-retentive floating tablet of RG using a central composite design, which provides continuous release of Repaglinide for up to 24 h.
Methods: Repaglinide gastro-retentive floating tablet (RG-GRF Tablet) was prepared by direct compression method. The optimization was carried out using a three-factor and three-level Central Composite design. The amount of Eudragit RSPO (A), HPMC K-100M (B) and Sodium bicarbonate (C) were selected as independent variables and the Cumulative % drug release in 1.5 h (DR1.5), Cumulative % drug release in 8 h (DR8), Cumulative % drug release in 24 h (DR24) and Floating lag time (FLT) were used as dependent variables.
Results: CCD analysis results shows that predicted and experimental values for optimized formulation were found to be almost similar. Optimized amounts of Eudragit RSPO, HPMC K-100M, and NaHCO3 were 14.351 mg, 44.438 mg, and 10 mg, respectively, with the highest possible desirability value of 0.898. The experimental values at optimized preparation conditions were found to be DR1.5 is 30.68%, DR8 is 64.90%, DR24 is 96.54%, and FLT is 4.41 min. The release data from the optimized formulation were closely matched with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and in vitro drug release studies indicated that the RG-GRF Tablet continuously releases the drug for 24 h in a controlled manner.
Conclusion: Current research concludes that RG-GRF Tablets provide drug release for up to 24 h, and the derived central composite design can be used for forecasting the DR1.5, DR8 and DR24 as well. RG can also be made more bioavailable by extending the gastric residence time.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF ONCE-DAILY FLOATING GMO-ALGINATE MICROSPHERES CONTAINING FAMOTIDINE
Authors: MOHAMED AMIR IBRAHIM , HERRY MOHAMMED ISMAEL , KASSEM MOHAMED A. , EL-NABARAWI AHMED , EL KHATIB MONA MOHAMED ABOELFOTOH
Published: January 2023

Objective: In this work, a gastro-retentive floating microsphere delivery system composed of Drug/Glyceryl mono-oleate (GMO) embedded in a Ca-alginate gas-generated matrix was designed to improve the bioavailability of a slightly-soluble model drug Famotidine.
Methods: The water/Oil emulsion method was used to prepare Famotidine floatable microspheres, and formulation variables such as Alginate: GMO ratio, gas-generated bicarbonates concentration, and loading drug concentration were investigated. Conventional techniques, including DSC, XRD and FTIR were performed to confirm Famotidine compatibility with GMO and Alginate polymers. Real-Time X-ray Radiography was used for in vivo imaging of Famotidine floatable microspheres using rabbits as an animal model. HPLC spectroscopic technique was used to determine Famotidine plasma concentration after oral administration of Alginate-GMO loaded microspheres.
Results: Floating Famotidine Alginate-GMO microspheres (0.75:1:0.25) w/w/w showed a remarkable entrapment efficiency (>98%), good buoyancy (>84) and prolonged in vitro drug release properties (>24 hours). DSC, XRD, and FTIR techniques showed no evidence of interaction between Famotidine and Alginate or GMO. In vivo Imaging of Famotidine floatable microspheres showed that capsules containing Famotidine-Alginate microspheres were not detected after 3 h of administration, while capsules containing Famotidine-GMO-Alginate microspheres can be detected for more than 12 h, indicating superior gastric retention properties. The pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for Famotidine: GMO-Alginate, and Famotidine: alginate and compared with the plain drug over 24 h period. Famotidine: GMO-Alginate microspheres exhibited controlled and prolonged absorption Tmax of 6.0 vs. 3.0 and 2.0 h; Cmax of 124.9±0.9 vs. 323.7±0.4and 458.6±0.5 ng/ml; AUC0-24 of 2153.025±6.7 vs. 1650.4±1.9 and 1110.725±2.1 ng/ml for Famotidine: alginate and plain drug, respectively, reflecting the increase in the bioavailability of the drug in the floating formulations compared to the free drug.
Conclusion: Prolonged gastric retention time and sustained release properties of floating GMO-alginate microsphere suggest that it could provide a valuable sustained release dosage form of slightly-soluble drugs.
FORMULATION AND IN VITRO CHARACTERISATION OF GLUCOSE-RESPONSIVE NANOCAPSULES FOR THE DELIVERY OF M-INSULIN
Authors: VISHWAKARMA NIKHAR , VYAS SURESH P.
Published: January 2023

Objective: The present study aimed to develop and characterize Chitosan coated Alginate Nanocapsules loaded with M-Insulin Concanavalin A Complex for glucose-responsive delivery.
Methods: Preformulation studies were performed on the Insulin human recombinant and the Nanocapsules were prepared by the ionic gelation method and coated with chitosan using electrostatic attraction. The formulation variables were optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD) with the help of Design-Expert® Software. Three independent variables taken were the concentration of chitosan (A1), the concentration of sodium alginate (A2), and the stirring rate (A3). The response variables selected were the average particle size (nm) (B1), polydispersity index (B2), and cumulative release (%) (B3).
Results: The results from the Preformulation studies indicated that the received sample of the Insulin human recombinant was pure. The optimized nanocapsules possessed an average particle size of 382.4 nm, PDI 0.211 and zeta potential of 30.25 mV. The entrapment efficiency was found to be 79.2 %. The nanocapsules were further characterized for their surface morphology using TEM and were found to be of regular shape. The in vitro drug release study indicated that the nanocapsules were able to release 58 % of M-insulin in hyperglycaemic conditions for 12 h.
Conclusion: The outcomes of the study demonstrated that the developed nanocapsules can be effectively used for glucose-responsive delivery of M-insulin.
IMPORTANCE OF SUFFICIENT TIME POINTS FOR EFFICIENT PHARMACOKINETIC (PK) COMPARTMENTAL MODELING
Authors: NANDI TIRTHA
Published: January 2023

Objective: Modeling and simulation are the two widely used terms, usually simultaneously mentioned in most PK discussions. There are several modeling strategies to model pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles. Compartmental modeling divides the body into different compartments based on the observed C-t profile and model comparison functions. Most C-t profiles are efficiently modeled using at max three compartments model (one, two, or three compartments). While there are many important applications of classical compartmental models, it emphasizes the importance of selecting the best model to explain the observed data. Therefore, initial data generation is very important. In many instances, insufficient data collection might not lead to the best model, which can be proved later costly by underpredicting or overpredicting PK parameters. This paper illustrates that adequate data collection can lead to correct model selection. 
Methods: Data was generated using the three-compartmental model's explicit equation for twenty-five simulated patients with 15% random variability. Generated data were fitted to different compartmental models using sufficient time points (case a) and without enough time points (case b). 
Results: In the case of a, generated data from three compartmental models was explained best by three compartmental models. In the case of b, the same data was presented better by two compartmental models. Finally, in the case of b, with sufficient time points, data generated from three compartmental models could be explained better by three compartmental models. 
Conclusion: With sufficient time points, the compartmental PK model can converge to an accurate one. Although almost all pharmacometricians know the importance of time points, there is no paper with a mathematical explanation of this incident. This paper will help the current and future pharmacometricians to help design efficient in vivo works.
NOVEL QUERCETIN NANOEMULGEL OPTIMIZATION: GELLING AGENTS EVALUATION AND THE APPLICATION OF RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Authors: RINI NASTITI CHRISTOFORI MARIA RATNA , DWIASTUTI RINI , RISWANTO FLORENTINUS DIKA OCTA
Published: January 2023

Objective: This current research aimed to examine the profile of a range of gelling agents by applying principal component analysis (PCA) based on certain physical properties and to develop a novel optimized nanoemulgel formulation containing quercetin (QUE).
Methods: A series of gelling agents with different concentrations were grouped and profiled by applying the PCA based on their viscosity and the spreadability. Based on the profile, one of the gelling agents was selected to be formulated in QUE nanoemulgel. The formulation of QUE nanoemulsion was then fabricated using a spontaneous emulsification method involving triacetin as the oil phase, a combination of Kolliphor® RH 40 and Transcutol® as the surfactant-cosurfactant system, and citrate buffer pH 6 as the aqueous phase. QUE nanoemulgel was fabricated by incorporating the gelling agent (sodium carboxymethylcellulose; Na CMC) into the nanoemulsion. The composition of Kolliphor® RH 40, Transcutol®, and Na CMC in the formulation was further optimized by using Box Behnken Design followed by a response surface methodology provided by Minitab®.
Results: The PCA grouped a range of gelling agents into three principal components (PC) based on the concentration, viscosity and spreadability. The results of PCA showed that Na CMC was the most suitable gelling agent for QUE nanoemulgel. To optimize the QUE nanoemulgel formulation, sixteen runs of BBD were successfully fabricated, providing an optimum-validated composition of 21.45 g, 13.96 g, and 4.00 g for Kolliphor® RH 40, Transcutol®, and Na CMC, respectively, with composite desirability of 0.843.
Conclusion: We successfully conducted gelling agent profiling by providing three types of PC using PCA. An optimized and validated formulation of QUE nanoemulgel was also successfully designed as a potential topical diabetic wound healing formulation.
NANO-DELIVERY SYSTEMS FOR ENHANCING ORAL BIOAVAILABILITY OF DRUGS
Authors: ABDELLATIF MENNA M. , AHMED SARA MOHAMED , EL-NABARAWI MOHAMED A. , TEAIMA MAHMOUD
Published: January 2023

The two main issues impacting oral delivery are drug solubility and permeability. The FDA adopted the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) in 2000. The BCS categorizes drugs into four classes based on their solubility and permeability. For permeability improvement and bioavailability, many experimental systems are utilized. Numerous nanocarrier technologies have recently been utilized to increase drug permeability by employing nanocarrier systems such as lipid vesicles, polymeric and lipid nanoparticles, polymeric micelles, and submicron lipid emulsions. This review proposes innovative nano-delivery systems for permeability augmentation. It focuses on some illustrations of drugs with various nanosystems, how these systems were developed, and how they successfully boost intestinal drug permeability and bioavailability.
INHIBITORS OF BROMODOMAIN-4 AND CYCLOOXYGENASE-2: A REVIEW ON THE ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECT OF DUAL-TARGET APPROACH IN CANCER TREATMENT
Authors: SINGH EKTA
Published: January 2023

The main objective of this review article is to establish a correlation between the roles of BRD-4 and COX-2 inhibitors in anticancer treatment. This article aims to project the synergistic benefits of a dual-target approach. A Literature review was conducted using the keywords such as BRD-4, cyclooxygenase-2, COX-2, Anticancer, anti-proliferative BRD-4 inhibitors, COX-2 inhibitors and dual-target therapy. Searches were made using the mentioned keywords individually as well as in combinations in PubMed, Science Direct and Google Scholar for the past ten years. The correlation between inflammatory mediators, particularly COX-2 and bromodomain in particular BRD-4 in cancers has been studied in a few research articles. These targets have been used for the development of anti-proliferative drugs individually as well as in combination. Combination therapy has been proposed to be better than mono-drug therapy. The need for a dual target concept has arisen to improve the efficacy of chemotherapy. The cancers where BRD-4 is over-expressed and inflammation is observed, it may be very much advantageous to give a combination therapy of BRD-4 and COX-2 inhibitors. Moreover, if the COX-2 inhibitors show anti-proliferative action, then the combination therapy is expected to work better than mono chemotherapy.
HUMAN CAPITAL AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE GROWTH OF ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
Authors: Leite Deyvid W. , C.B. Cardoso Leonardo
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT
Recognizing a relationship between economic structure and growth is important but not enough for screening policies. For policy purposes, the second natural step is to understand how structural change proceeds, indicating which variables explain the economic structure. We shed light on this debate analyzing the relationship between economic structure, human capital, and technology investment at the national level. We use a new measure of the economic structure —the Economic Complexity Index— in a fixed-effects panel with 97 countries from 1996 to 2015. Results indicated that a more complex structure is related to higher levels of human capital, investment in technology, and trade openness. Regarding human capital, the democratization of education plays a role, but its quality is the centerpiece for structural change.
PATHS OF DEVELOPMENT IN THE SOUTHERN CONE, PAUL COONEY
Authors: Leal Paulo
Published: January 2023

El estudio de la economía de países de América Latina ha sido fundamentalmente realizado por autores latinoamericanos, en muchos casos, insertos en el marco teórico neoclásico en el cual se limitan a describir el comportamiento de las variables macroeconómicas y a considerar que problemas como el desempleo, el empleo informal, la pobreza, la inequidad o, inclusive, el daño ambiental son fallas de mercado o externalidades negativas con las cuales se debe convivir, y sólo hay que procurar alguna política de asistencia hacia estos problemas. Existen también estudios que, desde la crítica de la economía política, enfatizan sus planteamientos desde una posición antiimperialista en la cual la tendencia decreciente de la tasa de ganancia es el eje rector de la argumentación.

Paths of Development in the Southern Cone representa un gran esfuerzo del autor, Paul Cooney, por superar los planteamientos anteriores; analiza, desde el materialismo histórico, el desenvolvimiento de las economías de Argentina y Brasil presentando como eje rector el desarrollo de la industria manufacturera desde la primera fase de industrialización con el modelo de industrialización por sustitución de importaciones (ISI) durante los mandatos de Juan Domingo Perón y Getulio Vargas en Argentina y Brasil respectivamente. Estudia a lo largo de diez capítulos (incluyendo introducción y conclusiones) las diferentes etapas y caminos que ha seguido el desarrollo económico de estos países.
Facial Emotion Detection Using Deep Learning
Authors: Nivas K. , Kumar M. Rajesh , Suresh G. , Ramaswamy T. , Sreenivasulu Yerraboina
Published: January 2023

Abstract: The use of machines to perform various tasks is ever increasing in society. By imbuing machines with perception, they will be able to perform a wide variety of tasks. There are also very complex ones, such as aged care. Machine perception requires the machine to understand the surrounding environment and the intentions of the interlocutor. Recognizing facial emotions can help in this regard. During the development of this work, deep learning techniques were used on images showing facial emotions such as happiness, sadness, anger, surprise, disgust, and fear. In this study, a pure convolutional neural network approach outperformed the results of other statistical methods obtained by other authors, including feature engineering. The use of convolutional networks includes a learning function. This looks very promising for this task where the functionality is not easy to define. Additionally, the network he was evaluated using two different corpora. One was used during network training and also helped tune parameters and define the network architecture. This corpus consisted of mimetic emotions. The network that yielded the highest classification accuracy results was tested on the second dataset. Although the network was trained on only one corpus, the network reported promising results when tested on another dataset showing non-real facial emotions. The results achieved did not correspond to the state of the art. Collected evidence indicates that deep learning may be suitable for facial expression classification. Deep learning therefore has the potential to improve human-machine interaction. Because the ability to learn functions allows machines to evolve cognition. And through perception, the machine could offer a smoother response, greatly improving the user's experience.
Molecular Docking Analysis of Phytochemicals from Tinospora Cordifolia as Potential Inhibitor against SARS CoV- 2
Authors: Sarkar Amrita , Mukherjee Shibnath , Sarkar Debajyoti , Thakur Shikha , Nandy Shouvik kumar
Published: January 2023

Abstract: Since the beginning of time, the Indian system of medicine (ISM) and traditional Ayurvedic medicine have employed tinospora cordifolia, also known as giloy. In ayurveda, the plant is known as Rasayana and is highly regarded for boosting the body's defences against specific infectious microorganisms. Of the 40 species, only 4 are found in India. It is a perennial herbaceous vine that is a member of the Menispermaceae genus. It is frequently utilised as a distinctive component of several natural medicines and has been used traditionally for a wide range of illnesses, including fever, vomiting, diabetes, jaundice, anaemia, polyuria, and skin conditions. Instead of treating the disease's cause, plant-based medicine actually balances the body. Due to a lack of effective treatment options, the coronavirus strain (SAR-CoV-2) will become more dangerous. Ayurveda is a style of ancient medicine that offers a holistic approach to treating this illness. The only defence against the coronavirus illness, which is spreading like wildfire, is "immunity." The only way to keep healthy and safe while preparing for the impending epidemic is to build immunity. Good immunity protects us from disease progression and the spread of this dangerous virus in the current situation. Due to its immunomodulatory and antiviral properties, giloy herb gained popularity after the COVID-19 pandemic began. Keap1 keeps Nrf2 in check by securing it in its protein complex. Additionally, Keap1 aids in the ubiquitinationmediated degradation of Nrf2. Keap1 is a down-regulator of Nrf2, in other words. Keap1 must be suppressed and Nrf2 must be released in order to increase the production of biological antioxidants. Since freed Nrf2 is unbound, it moves to the nucleus to activate the antioxidant response element (ARE) found on the genes encoding for antioxidants. Keap1 is a 624 amino acid residue long protein that belongs to the BTB (bric-a-brac, tram-track, and broad-complex) Kelch family. Antioxidant production should therefore be increased in such a situation. We have summarised the function of the Keap1-Nrf2 system in the synthesis of antioxidants in this review article. We also suggest its possible therapeutic application in controlling COVID-19's cytokine storm. This article focuses on molecular docking of KEAP-1-Nrf2, NRF-2 proteins to inhibit COVID- 19 disease.
Leipcigas un Lībencellas misijas: Hildegardes Procelas un Lilijas Otīlijas Grīviņas kalpošana
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Ēce Kristīna
Published: January 2023

Until the 19th century, women were not considered suitable for mission work. However, when Leipzig mission started its work in India, it came to the realization that to reach Indian women with the Gospel, women missionaries were needed. Soon, other German mission societies that sent missionaries to China, Indonesia and Africa also came to the same conclusion, opening the doors for ministry for the first women from Vidzeme (Livland). Baltic-German Hildegard Prozell, from Jaunmārupe, was sent in 1896 through Leipzig to India and Lilija Otilija Grīviņa, (in German Grihwin, Griwing, Griewing) from Riga, were sent in 1913 through Liebenzell to China. Each of these societies had different theological understandings about mission. Leipzig was based on the traditional Lutheran understanding of ministry and tried to create a universal Lutheran church worldwide, including in the mission fields. Liebenzell was the German branch of China Inland Mission, which was considered a “faith” mission that was more open to co-working with others. This impacted the way the mission societies selected their candidates, prepared them (a few months for Leipzig, 3–4 years for Liebenzell with male and female candidates training together), and sent them on the missions (solid salary for Prozell, not so with Grīviņa). Both missionaries had to learn the local languages and pass language exams. They both served as teachers, did evangelism with local women, and had to be administrators and local health care specialists. Prozell was the first to establish women’s work in Mayavaram, while Grīviņa was the first to take Chinese women to a local evangelism outreach (together with other teaching staff of the Hunan Bible Institute). Prozell, being a Baltic-German, received extensive support from her home church. Since her ministry took place before World War I, there are plenty of publications about her ministry in both Latvian and German newspapers in Riga. Grīviņa came from a humble background, going with almost no support, and as her ministry in China happened during WWI, there were almost no publications about her work. Both women have been equally forgotten in Latvian church history and deserve to be remembered.
Resisting urban neoliberalism through social innovation
Authors: Bellotto Vittorio
Published: January 2023

Centri sociali have been a common social, political, and spatial phenomenon in Italian cities since the 1970s. Since then, they emerged as active, youth-oriented places of left-wing and radical activism often operating at the margins of the urban fabric and in conflict with local institutions. In addition to political action, Centri Sociali play a social and cultural role in cities as spaces of leisure, social aggregation, and mutual support. This paper investigates how these groups locate themselves in an increasingly neoliberal urban environment by exploring their goals, the role they play in the wider communities, the issues they wish to address, and the strategies they mobilise. After presenting an overview of the concept and history of Italian Centri Sociali, the theoretical concept of urban neoliberalism is used to set the scene in which such groups are currently active and to explain the nature of the issues and challenges they aim to tackle. Further, the actions and strategies used by Centri Sociali are analysed through the lenses of Social Innovation Theory. This paper aims to understand how social innovation is used by Centri Sociali to create alternative urban spaces outside of neoliberal and capitalistic dynamics. It does so by using secondary data retrieved through literature review and through primary data collected via semi-structured interviews with 15 representatives from various Centri Sociali around Italy.
Anime en Colombia: una exploración desde usos y gratificaciones en la población universitaria de Cartagena de Indias
Authors: Cobos Tania Lucía , Robledo Rodríguez Natalia , Arias Álvarez Francisco
Published: January 2023

El anime es un producto audiovisual japonés con gran popularidad y consumo alrededor del mundo, incluyendo a Colombia. Este estudio presenta un análisis, desde la perspectiva de usos y gratificaciones, sobre la relación entre el anime y la población universitaria de Cartagena de Indias (Colombia), tanto estudiantes como docentes, con la finalidad de entender la forma en que esta población lo consume. Se buscó identificar las principales razones por las que se inició el consumo y por qué se sostiene, midiendo a su vez la satisfacción obtenida y cómo este ha influido en sus vidas cotidianas. La metodología fue cuantitativa con alcance exploratorio y descriptivo. Se aplicó una encuesta mixta a través de SurveyMonkey entre marzo a mayo de 2019 y se recibieron trescientas cincuenta respuestas válidas. Entre los principales hallazgos se encontró que más de la mitad de los participantes comenzaron a ver anime por ser un contenido diferente, complejo y diverso, en comparación a otras caricaturas; así como también por la estética y el estilo del dibujo. La principal necesidad que satisface al consumirlo es la diversión, misma a la que otorgan un muy alto grado de satisfacción, y seguida de esta, aprendizaje. Asimismo, les ha inspirado a hacer introspección sobre sus vidas, entender mejor la vida y crecer como personas. De igual forma, son conscientes de la influencia que el mismo tiene en ellos, así como la estimulación que reciben para consumir otros productos culturales japoneses
La influencia de la comunicación del branding a través del envase en la selección de productos de alimentación en España: análisis de envases de galletas familiares
Authors: Guerrero Navarro Daniel , Cristófol-Rodríguez Carmen , García-Muñoz Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2023

La comunicación en la industria alimentaria construye el valor de las marcas y es un factor determinante transmitido, entre otros canales, por los envases de los productos. El packaging está presente en el último proceso de selección de producto e influye trascendentalmente en la decisión de compra.

Toda la comunicación en la industria alimentaria está regulada por una legislación precisa, ya que los mensajes que aluden a la salud son muy frecuentes y son utilizados como reclamo para el comprador conformando el branding de las marcas.

Esta investigación identifica y analiza distintos elementos y factores que impulsan a elegir un producto u otro, por medio de un análisis de una muestra de siete marcas de galletas del mercado español, a través de un análisis de contenido exhaustivo de sus envases.

Los ingredientes considerados más naturales, así como el beneficio en salud que aporta el producto, son los elementos más destacados dentro de los considerados objetivos. La marca es el elemento subjetivo más relevante para persuadir a los consumidores. El público infantil recibe estímulos adicionales subjetivos basados en figuras, formas y colores adaptados a su segmento para conseguir atraer su atención.
Design of Inverted F-Shape Antenna at 2.35 GHz for S-Band Applications
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq, N. Adel Randa , H. Khidhir Ali ,   Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: January 2023

In this work, a simulation model of planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) will be presented with the radiating plate that has been connected to ground plane that has been accompanied by shortening plate and the FR4 substrate between ground plane and radiating plate. Where PIFA was built using computer simulation technology (CST) for the studio microwave (2019 release). The simulation model has been studied for return loss (S-parameter), bandwidth (BW), voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and input impedance (Zin) which are −21.875406dB, 301MHz, 1.1752855, and 50, respectively. The simulation results showed that the PIFA component covers a wide frequency band ranging between 2.202 and 2.504GHz, which can be used in Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and Long Term Evolution (LTE) applications that are used in the fourth generation cellulares communications.
Prospek Dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Tebu “Poj 2878 Agribun Kerinci” Sebagai Penghasil Gula Merah Di Kabupaten Kerinci, Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Endrizal Endrizal , Meilin Araz
Published: January 2023

Pengujian beberapa varietas tebu telah dilaksanakan di Desa Sungai Asam Kecamatan Kayu Aro Barat Kabupaten Kerinci Provinsi Jambi. Tujuan kegiatan adalah mengamati pertumbuhan tanaman tebu yang tumbuh baik sebagai penghasil gula merah. Kegiatan pengkajian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok, dengan perlakuan empat varietas tebu unggul dan satu tebu lokal sebagai pembanding. Masing-masing varietas ditanam berupa demplot dengan ulangan 4x. Adapun varietas tebu unggul yang diuji adalah : V1 = PS 951 ; V2 = Bululawang (BL), V3 = POJ 3016 ; V4 = PS 864 dan V5 = Tebu lokal Kerinci. Hasil pengujian memperlihatkan bahwa ada 3 varietas tebu yang tumbuh baik yaitu PS 951, BL dan tebu lokal. Varietas PS 951 lebih baik pertumbuhan nya dibandingkan varietas BL, POJ 30161, PS 864 dan varietas lokal. Pertumbuhan ketiga varietas ini tidak berbeda nyata, namun varietas lokal Kerinci mempunyai nilai brix atau rendemen yang tinggi karena sudah beradaptasi dengan daerah dataran tinggi, sehingga mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk dikembangkan di Kabupaten Kerinci. Tanaman tebu lokal Kerinci, telah dilepas menjadi tebu lokal unggul nasional pada tahun 2016 kerjasama BPTP, Balittas dan Pemda Kab. Kerinci dengan nama “POJ 2878 Agribun Kerinci. Dari hasil analisis ekonomi tanaman tebu “POJ 2878 Agribun Kerinci, dengan pengelolaan cara petani, produksi gula merah dapat mencapai 8.320 kg/ha/tahun, jika harga gula merah Rp 7.500,-/kg dapat menghasilkan sekitar Rp 3.813.333,- (tiga juta delapan ratus tiga belas ribu tiga ratus tiga puluh tiga rupiah)/ha/bln. Jika pengolahan nira tebu diolah menjadi produk gula semut, dapat menghasilkan gula semut sekitar 5.120 kg/ha. Dengan harga gula semut Rp 15.000,-/kg pendapatan petani setara dengan Rp 5.013.333,- (lima juta tiga belas ribu tiga ratus tiga puluh tiga rupiah) per hektar/bulan. dimana petani akan memperoleh nilai tambah sebesar Rp 1.200.00,- (satu juta dua ratus ribu rupiah) lebih tinggi. Dengan inovasi teknologi sesuai dengan rekomendasi teknologi, produksi tebu POJ 2878 Agribun Kerinci masih berpotensi untuk ditingkatkan.
Perbenihan Padi Varietas Unggul Baru Baroma Dan Nutrizinc di Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Bobihoe Julistia , Endrizal Endrizal
Published: January 2023

Benih merupakan sarana penting dalam produksi pertanian, juga menjadi pembawa perubahan teknologi. Peningkatan produksi tanaman padi disebabkan oleh penggunaan varietas-varietas unggul disertai teknik budidaya yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan masa-masa sebelumnya. Namun saat ini benih padi yang unggul dan bermutu kurang tersedia di lokasi penanaman. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ketersediaan benih varietas unggul baru (VUB) yang adaptif, perlu di bangun sistim perbenihan benih, sehingga dapat menjamin ketersediaan VUB padi pada waktu yang tepat. Kegiatan kajian perbenihan dilaksanakan di Desa Rawa Medang Kecamatan Batang Asam Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat di kelompok tani penangkar padi Karya Mukti. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada MK 2019 (Maret – Juli 2019). Tujuan pengkajian adalah untuk membangun dan membuka peluang usaha perbenihan padi yang dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman padi dan pendapatan petani penangkar. Varitas Unggul Baru yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini adalah VUB Baroma dan Inpari Nutri Zinc FS/label Putih. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa varietas Baroma memperoleh produksi 6,9 t/ha, dari hasil tersebut dapat dijadikan benih sejumlah 4,5 ton, dan varietas Inpari Nutri Zinc memperoleh hasil 5,686 ton/ha dari hasil tersebut dapat dijadikan benih sejumlah 3,2 ton. Hasil analisis usahatani, varietas Baroma apabila dijadikan benih diperoleh keuntungan Rp. 35.420.000 dengan R/C ratio 4,69 dan varietas Inpari Nutri Zinc apabila dijadikan benih diperoleh keuntungan Rp. 29.420.000 dengan R/C ratio 4,07. Usaha tani perbenihan VUB padi Baroma dan Inpari Nutri Zinc memberikan keuntungan lebih tinggi dari pada usaha tani konsumsi dengan selisih keuntungan Baroma dan Inpari Nutri Zinc masing-masing sebesar Rp. 11.600.000/ha.
Analisis Rekayasa Kelembagaan Di Salah Satu Sentra Pertanaman Padi Di Agroekosistem Lahan Irigasi, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat
Authors: Suharyon Suharyo
Published: January 2023

Dalam upaya mengembangkan sistem usahatani dan kelembagaan tanaman padi di suatu wilayah diperlukan pendekatan hubungan antara kelompok tani dengan kelembagaan lain yang mendukung. Dengan terjalinnya kerja sama kelembagaan yang baik, masalah yang dihadapi petani bisa diserahkan sekaligus diharapkan terjadi difusi teknologi melalui lembaga atau institusi terkait di daerah. Dengan memberdayakan kelembagaan yang mendukung adopsi teknologi yang diberikan kepada kelompok tani FSA (Farming System Analysis) dalam bentuk kerja sama akan membantu memecahkan masalah-masalah yang dihadapi petani. Berdasarkan pemikiran tersebut, maka perlu dilakukan kajian analisis rekayasa kelembagaan penunjang teknologi usahatani tanaman padi. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di desa Rawa Medang, Kabupaten Tanjung Jabung Barat, dengan tujuan menemukan perlakuan/intervensi yang efektif dan meningkatkan pemberdayaan, serta kerja sama kelembagaan guna menjamin adopsi teknologi sistem usahatani tanaman padi yang berkelanjutan. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini dengan menerapkan metode Participatory Research Appraisal (PRA), untuk menggali masalah yang dihadapi oleh petani tanaman padi. Alternatif intervensi yaitu dibentuknya beberapa kelompok tani atau dapat disebut Gapoktan yang diberi nama Karya Bakti, diskusi singkat tentang sistem usahatani tanaman padi , melihat kebutuhan mendesak kelompok tani, dan menghubungkannya dengan lembaga pendukung. Bedasarkan hasil PRA maka permasalahan yang diperioritaskan (1) Adanya hama keong, (2) Benih unggul bersetifikat, (3) Penyakit busuk batang, (4), modal, (5) pupuk bersubsidi, (6) pertemuan antara kelompok belum maksimal. dan (7) bimbingan teknis untuk tanaman padi.Tujuan menemukan perlakuan/intervensi yang efektif dan meningkatkan pemberdayaan, serta kerja sama kelembagaan guna menjamin adopsi teknologi sistem usahatani tanaman padi yang berkelanjutan.
Tinjauan Precautionary Principle Dalam Hukum Internasional Terkait Pertanggung Jawaban Negara Dalam Penanganan Dan Pencegahan Wabah Covid 19
Authors: Pebrianto Dony Yusra , Putra Akbar Kurnia , Ardianto Budi
Published: January 2023

Keberadaan pertanggung jawaban Negara tentu tidak dapat dilepaskan dari konsepsi hukum dalam pencegahan dan penanganan covid 19. Pandangan universal ini tentu secara hukum perlu ditelaah secara mendasar dalam tataran prinsip itu sendiri, di samping itu tentunya untuk mewujudkan suatau ulasan penelitian yang universal perlu suatau telaah yang dilakukan berdasarkan hukum internasional. Salah satu prinsip hukum yakni Precautionary Principle atau lazim dikenal dengan prinsip kehati-hatian. Pada dasarnya prinsip lazim berkembang dan diterapkan di dalam hukum lingkungan. Maka dirumuskan permasalahan yakni bagaimana konsep precautionary principle dalam hukum internasional serta bagaimana penerapan Precautionary Principle dalam hal pertanggung jawaban Negara dalam penanganan dan pencegahan wabah covid 19 yang dikaji dengan metode yuridis normative. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Precautionary Principle adalah suatu prinsip yang mengatur tentang kehati-hatian yang pada dasarnya keberadaannya berada dalam sector hukum privat maupun hukum publik. Secara dimensi hukum internasional, prinsip ini berkembang di dalam hukum lingkungan internasional yang berkaitan erat dengan hukum kesehatan. Pada prinsip ini dituntut adanya kehati-hatian dalam menetapkan suatu kebijakan maupun peraturan perundang-undangan untuk mnghormati dan melindungi HAM serta tentunya hak hukum manusia. Serta dalam pandemic covid 19 negara dituntut untuk memperhatikan precautionary principle dalam menetapkan kebijakan maupun keputusan serta produk hukum. Hal ini dikarenakan secara hukum jika negara mengabaikan hal tersebut maka sepatutnya negara dapat dituntut di hadapan hukum baik terhadap pelanggaran atas hak asasi ataupun pelanggaran hukum yang menimbulkan kerugian maupun materiil maupun imateril.
Asas Nebis In Idem Dalam Hukum Acara Perdata Dikaitkan Dengan Gugatan Perceraian Yang Diajukan Kembali Setelah Putusan Yang Berkekuatan Hukum Tetap Dihubungkan Dengan Kepastian Hukum
Authors: Simorangkir Melin , Afriana Anita , Putri Sherly Ayuna
Published: January 2023

Pada Putusan Nomor 295/Pdt.G/2018/PN.Mdn dan Putusan Nomor 159/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Bdg, yang mana pada kedua putusan tersebut Penggugat mengajukan gugatan untuk kedua kalinya. Namun, terdapat inkonsistensi hakim dalam memutuskan gugatan nebis in idem pada perkara perceraian yang pada akhirnya menimbulkan ketidakpastian hukum. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pengaturan dan alasan perceraian dalam UU Perkawinan serta penerapan asas nebis in idem pada perkara gugatan cerai yang sudah berkekuatan hukum tetap dan diajukan kembali dihubungkan dengan kepastian hukum. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa pendekatan yuridis normatif, yang mana objek dari penelitian ini akan diteliti dan dianalisis dengan mengedepankan norma serta asas yang terdapat dalam hukum positif berupa data sekunder dan dilengkapi data primer. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pada putusan yang menjadi objek penelitian telah memenuhi alasan perceraian yang sesuai dengan hukum positif dan terdapat inkonsistensi dalam penerapan asas nebis in idem pada putusan tersebut, yang mana Majelis Hakim pada Putusan Nomor 295/Pdt.G/2018/PN.Mdn tidak mengabulkan gugatan yang diajukan untuk kedua kalinya karena mengandung unsur nebis in idem berdasarkan Pasal 1917 KUHPerdata dan SEMA Nomor 3 Tahun 2002, sedangkan Majelis Hakim pada Putusan Nomor 159/Pdt.G/2019/PN.Bdg mengabulkan gugatan yang diajukan untuk kedua kalinya yang berdasarkan Yurisprudensi Mahkamah Agung RI Nomor 110/K/KG/1992 tanggal 23 Juli 1993 yang dijadikan pula sebagai rujukan dalam Rapat Kerja Nasional Mahkamah Agung RI Tahun 2007.
Analisis Yuridis Perselisihan Sebagai Alasan Perceraian: Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Nomor 166/Pdt/G/2017/Pn.Jkt.Pst
Authors: Imansyah Aiziza Puteri , Salam Abdul
Published: January 2023

Tujuan studi ini untuk mengkaji keabsahan perselisihan dijadikan sebagai alasan perceraian antara Pengugat dan Tergugat dalam putusan pengadilan Nomor166/Pdt/G/2017/Pn.Jkt.Pst Studi ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan komparatif. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa keabsahan perselisihan untuk dijadikan alasan perceraian telah diatur dalam pasal 19 huruf (f) PP No. 9 Tahun 1975
The Influence of Entrepreneurial Mindset, Social Environment and Social Media on Entrepreneurial Interest of Semarang State Polytechnic Students
Authors: Arrezqi Misbakhul , Wibowo Bagus Yunianto , Setyawan Nanang Adie
Published: January 2023

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganilisis pengaruh mindset wirausaha, lingkungan pergaulan dan media sosial terhadap minat berwirausaha mahasiswa politeknik negeri semarang. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah para mahasiswa politeknik negeri semarang dengan sampel 100 responden dari keseluruhan populasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat analisis faktor konfirmatori dan maximum likehood estimation pada SEM (Structural Equations Modeling) dari paket statistik AMOS 24.0 (Analysis of Moment Structure). Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner dengan insidential sampling. Hasil estimasi parameter sesuai dengan hipotesis bahwa mindset wirausaha secara signifikan mempengaruhi minat berwirausaha dengan nilai critical ratio (c.r) 3,194 dan P-Value 0,001, Lingkungan pergaulan berpengaruh positif terhadap minat berwirausaha dengan nilai critical ratio (c.r) 3,179 dan P-Value 0,001, Sosial Media berpengaruh positif terhadap minat berwirausaha dengan nilai critical ratio (c.r) 4,366 dan P-Value ***. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara mindset wirausaha, lingkungan pergaulan, dan media sosial terhadap minat berwirausaha mahasiswa.
Rekam Jejak Perjuangan Politik Abdul Rasul Sayyaf
Authors: Hikam Reza Maulana , Mantika A. Faricha
Published: January 2023

Rekam jejak perjuangan Abdul Rasul Sayyaf adalah studi kasus yang belum pernah dikaji secara spesifik, terutama berkaitan dengan peranan politiknya di Afganistan, padahal ia adalah major political figure mulai dari jihad Afganistan hingga sekarang. Berawal dari karirnya sebagai seorang akademisi di Universitas Kabul, Sayyaf mengembangkan pengaruhnya dengan terlibat dalam Perang Soviet versus Mujahidin Afganistan melalui kelompoknya, Ittihad al-Islami. Peranan terbesar Sayyaf adalah membawa pendanaan dari Arab Saudi dan hubungannya dengan negara tersebut yang fluktuatif. Ia rela mengubah namanya demi bantuan dari Arab Saudi, namun tidak mau mendukung upaya Saudi yang berkoalisi dengan Amerika Serikat untuk melawan Irak. Adapun, dalam percaturan politik Afganistan pasca mundurnya Uni Soviet, Sayyaf terbukti tetap memiliki kekuatan karena diajak berkoalisi dengan sejumlah warlord, salah satunya ialah Ahmad Shah Massoud, the Lion of Panjshir.
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan dan Inovasi Terhadap Kinerja Umkm Dimediasi Kecerdasan Emosional
Authors: Pambudy Akhlis Priya , Handayati Ratna
Published: January 2023

Kami percaya bahwa mempromosikan kepemimpinan yang tepat membutuhkan kemampuan untuk beradaptasi dengan situasi yang berbeda, melembagakan elemen-elemen penting, mendekati secara berbeda masalah yang tampaknya serupa dan memperlakukan setiap kasus dengan menggunakan metode yang paling tepat. Melalui gaya yang memadai, seorang manajer dapat memperluas perannya di luar otoritas formal yang diberikan kepadanya oleh posisinya dalam hierarki organisasi, menjadi seorang pemimpin. Pemimpin yang menjalankan otoritas mengupayakan hal-hal formal untuk dibuat dengan baik, mengenai finalitas tindakannya dan kelompok yang dipimpinnya. Pemimpin melakukan apa yang perlu dilakukan, dan memberikan kewaspadaan dalam hal itu sendiri, sehingga memaksakan otoritas informal mereka; dengan demikian memperoleh untuk mengubah kelompok, menjadi "arsitek sosial" sejati. Kepemimpinan adalah hasil dari banyak faktor, di antaranya peran penting memiliki budaya organisasi, kualitas dan karakteristik pemimpin, alat motivasi, posisi hierarkis, otonomi fungsional dan psikologis, kelompok manajer dan bawahan, dan sistem informasi. Kualitas, karakteristik, dan struktur mental manajer merupakan faktor terpenting dari gaya kepemimpinan. Kepribadian, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman, dan motivasi pribadi merupakan elemen instrumental dalam manifestasi perilaku pemimpin. Manajer yang baik terus-menerus mendapat informasi tentang isu-isu kunci yang menjadi fokus organisasi, melatih bawahannya dalam berbagi inovasi berkelanjutan dan berkomitmen untuk memastikan motivasi. Seorang pemimpin harus memiliki keterampilan khusus untuk menjadi efektif, cepat menyadari penyimpangan dari bisnis normal dan untuk mengambil keputusan yang efektif.
Analisis Kebutuhan Aplikasi Untuk Mengelola Stres Akademik Siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Mansyur Anaway Irianti , Wahyuni Eka , Fitri Susi
Published: January 2023

Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan dampak terhadap kegiatan pembelajaran siswa di sekolah. Hal ini dikarenakan untuk meminimalisir virus Covid-19, proses pembelajaran tatap muka menjadi berbasis online. Sehingga, salah satu cara untuk melakukan kegiatan pembelajaran berbasis online  dengan e-learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan siswa Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) untuk mengelola stres akademik mereka selama pembelajaran berbasis online. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan survei dengan mengumpulkan data melalui penyebaran angket kepada 87 siswa SMA Perguruan Cikini Jakarta. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 71.2% kondisi stres akademik siswa SMA Perguruan Cikini dikategorikan sedang. Selain itu, 17.4% siswa mengalami tingkat stres akademik yang tinggi. Selain itu, 66% siswa memiliki kecenderungan pada aspek mindfulness dengan kategori sedang. Sehingga, diperlukan langkah-langkah untuk mengelola stres akademik yaitu terapi mindfulness .  Namun, 64.4% siswa menyatakan bahwa mereka tertarik untuk melalukan terapi mindfulness  melalui aplikasi agar dapat mengelola stres akademik. Selain itu, mereka juga membutuhkan pengetahuan dan informasi terkait kesehatan mental. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengembangan lebih lanjut terkait pengelolaan stres akademik melalui terapi mindfulness berbasis aplikasi android.
Determinan Kinerja Keuangan Dengan Profitabilitas Sebagai Variabel Mediasi: Studi Kasus Pada PT. Lintang Kejora, PT. Mekar Kinanti dan PT. Andalucia Semarang Periode Tahun 2017 – 2021
Authors: Andika Arditya Dian , Paramita Patricia Dhiana
Published: January 2023

Kinerja keuangan sangatlah penting bagi suatu perusahaan. Untuk melihat kinerja keuangan sutau perusahaan dapat dilihat dari tingkat profitabilitas yang diraih untuk perusahaan tersebut dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Profit suatu perusahaan dapat dilihat dari working capital turnover dan cash turnover perusahaan tersebut, demikian halnya dengan PT. Lintang Kejora, PT. Mekar Kinanti dan PT. Andalucia Semarang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh working capital turnover dan cash turnover secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas dan kinerja perusahaan serta untuk mengetahui apakah profitabilitas memediasi pengaruh working capital turnover dan cash turnover terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder, yang berhubungan dengan obyek penelitian, yaitu PT. Lintang Kejora, PT. Mekar Kinanti dan PT. Andalucia Semarang, yaitu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam pembuatan garment. berupa data keuangan dari tahun 2017 sampai dengan 2021. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier bertahap, uji asumsi klasik, uji goodness of fit serta path analysis. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, maka dapat diketahui bahwa working capital turnover dan cash turnover secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap profitabilitas dan kinerja keuangan perusahaan serta profitabilitas berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Profitabilitas tidak memediasi pengaruh working capital turnover dan cash turnover secara parsial terhadap kinerja keuangan perusahaan. Sebaiknya manajemen PT. Lintang Kejora, PT. Mekar Kinanti dan PT. Andalucia Semarang berupaya meningkatkan working capital turnover dan cash turnover, agar berdampak positif terhadap profitabilitas yang diraih, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kinerja keuangan PT. Mekar Kinanti, PT. Lintang Kejora dan PT. Andalucia Semarang.