bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between National Early Warning Scores in primary care and clinical outcomes: an observational study in UK primary and secondary care
Authors: Scott Lauren J , Redmond Niamh M , Tavaré Alison , Little Hannah , Srivastava Seema , Pullyblank Anne
Published: April 2020

Background

NHS England has mandated use of the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), more recently NEWS2, in acute settings, and suggested its use in primary care. However, there is reluctance from GPs to adopt NEWS/NEWS2.

Aim

To assess whether NEWS calculated at the point of GP referral into hospital is associated with outcomes in secondary care.

Design and setting

An observational study using routinely collected data from primary and secondary care.

Method

NEWS values were prospectively collected for 13 047 GP referrals into acute care between July 2017 and December 2018. NEWS values were examined and multivariate linear and logistic regression used to assess associations with process measures and clinical outcomes.

Results

Higher NEWS values were associated with faster conveyance for patients travelling by ambulance, for example, median 94 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 69–139) for NEWS ≥7; median 132 minutes, (IQR 84–236) for NEWS = 0 to 2); faster time from hospital arrival to medical review (54 minutes [IQR 25–114] for NEWS ≥7; 78 minutes [IQR 34–158] for NEWS = 0 to 2); as well as increased length of stay (5 days [IQR 2–11] versus 1 day [IQR 0–5]); intensive care unit admissions (2.0% versus 0.5%); sepsis diagnosis (11.7% versus 2.5%); and mortality, for example, 30-day mortality 12.0% versus 4.1% for NEWS ≥7 versus NEWS = 0 to 2, respectively. On average, for patients referred without a NEWS value (NEWS = NR), most clinical outcomes were comparable with patients with NEWS = 3 to 4, but ambulance conveyance time and time to medical review were comparable with patients with NEWS = 0 to 2.

Conclusion

This study has demonstrated that higher NEWS values calculated at GP referral into hospital are associated with a faster medical review and poorer clinical outcomes.
Європеїзація права та інші концепти правового дискурсу: співвідношення понять
Authors: Радишевська О.
Published: April 2020

У статті досліджено поняття «європеїзація», що є багатогранним і багатовекторним поняттям, яке передбачає різні напрями її реалізації. Автор аналізує поняття європеїзації крізь призму впливу європейського права, політики, публічних політик, ідентичності, цінностей та стандартів на національний рівень та співвідношення з іншими концептами правового дискурсу.
Anthony Comfort and Michał Marciak, How Did the Persian King of Kings Get his Wine? The upper Tigris in antiquity (c. 700 BCE to 636 CE). Archaeological Publishing LTD, Oxford 2018, ISBN: 978-1-78491-956-6
Authors: Kettenhofen Erich
Published: April 2020

Review
Lembar Kegiatan Siswa untuk Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh Berdasarkan Literasi Saintifik pada Topik Penyakit Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi , Ilmiyah Surotul
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan menerapkan lembar kegiatan siswa sekolah dasar yang dapat melacak literasi ilmiah melalui pembelajaran jarak jauh dalam topik penyakit Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah metode kombinasi model eksploratoris berurutan yang melibatkan 35 siswa sekolah dasar yang mengalami pembelajaran jarak jauh karena COVID-19 sebagai sampel. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan lembar kegiatan siswa sekolah dasar yang dirancang berdasarkan tahap inti pendekatan saintifik serta indikator literasi saintifik, yang telah ditinjau dan dinilai oleh para pakar. Pelaksanaan menunjukkan bahwa literasi saintifik siswa belum dilatih secara optimal, walau susunan ini dapat ditanggapi oleh siswa selama pembelajaran.
Low Cost tool for finding ventilation rates for Airborne Infection Control in the Built Environment
Authors: Singh Raja
Published: April 2020

Dilution Ventilation is an accepted way of providing Natural Ventilation for reduction of Disease spread in Indoor Spaces. It is most relevant in low resource settings where the cost of advanced technologies may be a barrier. Studies have been performed in India to find a correlation between Ventilation of spaces and its role in the prevention of Tuberculosis, which is a major airborne disease with high incidence levels in India. These studies lack the measurement of the air changes in the room which is an important criterion to find out the disease spread by transmission models. This paper presents a new apparatus prepared to measure Air changes in an indoor space using Carbon Dioxide as a biomarker which acts as a surrogate for the ventilation in the space. The apparatus prepared uses a pre-existing carbon dioxide meter but adds value to it by creating a tamper-proof, vandal-resistant and a poke-resistant system. It also includes a built-in air suction and withdrawal system so that the sensor can be supplied with the ambient air in the room so that it can accurately give the carbon dioxide measurements. The study enhances the methods of investigation for Indoor Air Quality studies.
Split Air Conditioners and their role in Airborne Infection Spread: Short Communication/Research Note
Authors: Singh Raja
Published: April 2020

As the World Health Organization denies COVID 19 being airborne in nature, there is some research done by the scientific community which differs in this approach. As prevention is always better than cure, it is always safe to give the benefit of doubt to prevention. Even as more data begins to be available regarding COVID, there is proven spread of airborne disease like tuberculosis being transmitted by this route. As the summer months approach, there will be increased use of Air Conditioners in the tropical regions of the world. India, too being in this part of the world sees an active rise in the indoors which are being air conditioned to meet the thermal comfort requirements of the rising urban population which is spending a large chunk of time indoors. This is coupled with the enforced lockdown which encourages people to stay indoors to prevent the spread of infection. In such situations the use of Split air conditioner requires rethinking as they re-circulate the indoor air without any Fresh air supply into the room. To reduce heat gain and save the electric load of the Split AC, people tend to seal the windows further. This requires some rethought by professionals.
Análise dos Agentes Públicos do Sistema Nacional de Esportes das Cidades da AMUSEP
Authors: Moura Giovana Xavier de , Rojo Jeferson Roberto , Bernabé Andressa Peloi , Starepravo Fernando Augusto
Published: April 2020

O estudo objetivou problematizar se municípios de porte semelhantes, localizados na região da AMUSEP (Associação dos Municípios do Setentrião Paranaense/ referente a região norte do Estado) possuem condições distintas ou semelhantes no que diz respeito ao quadro de agentes e a gestão das políticas públicas de esporte e lazer. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas realizadas com agentes públicos de esporte e lazer de três cidades sorteadas, que foram analisadas por meio da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (2009). Foi possível perceber que, apesar dos municípios possuírem autonomia para gerir o esporte e o lazer a partir de suas especificidades, há uma semelhança nos aspectos, tais como perfil e formação dos agentes, estrutura burocrática, e modo de gestão do esporte e lazer.
A Busca por Tensões nas Experiências de Lazer
Authors: Romera Liana Abrao , Martins Mariana Z.
Published: April 2020

O texto aborda obra de Elias e Dunning objetivando discutir suas contribuições para os estudos do lazer, dando ênfase à problemática sobre tensões. A releitura da obra apresenta dois eixos: o lazer no processo civilizatório e o abandono de se compreender as tensões no lazer como unicamente negativas, conjugadas à falta de atenção aos modos de vivência do lazer. As considerações destacam: a recusa da dicotomia trabalho/lazer; o abandono das tensões entendidas unicamente como negativas, aliadas a necessidade de compreendê-las, considerando a expansão de investigações em lazer para além dos campos convencionais, focando formas de lazer consideradas desviantes.
Colônias de Férias
Authors: Mattos ￼Rafael da Silva , Nascimento Stephany de Sá , Oliveira Leonardo Hernandes , Castro Juliana Brandão Pinto de , Aquino Fernanda
Published: April 2020

O presente trabalho versou sobre o biopoder e o poder disciplinar à luz de Michel Foucault, na intenção de discutir alguns saberes e práticas características das Colônias de Férias. Estas são espaços informais de ensino-aprendizagem com atividades lúdicas, cooperativas, competitivas e coletivas, objetivando a promoção do lazer. A partir dessa pesquisa, encontramos fortes propriedades do poder disciplinar e da biopolítica na educação e regulação dos corpos nas Colônias de Férias pesquisadas. O poder disciplinar se manifesta por meio da presença de atividades obrigatórias, regulação de costumes, da vigilância permanente, entre outros. A biopolítica, discutida por Foucault, aparece por intermédio da preocupação com a saúde da população que, por vezes, é colocada como prioridade, acima das escolhas dos indivíduos, dos desejos das crianças e das finalidades sociopolíticas da educação.
أثر إستراتيجية زمن الانتظار في تحصيل مادة البلاغة عندَ طالبات الصف الخامس الأدبي
Authors: م . د نغم شاكر جبار
Published: April 2020

يرمي البحث الحالي تعرف اثر إستراتيجية زمن الانتظار في تحصيل مادة البلاغة عند طالبات الصف الخامس الأدبي, لتحقيق ذلك اعتمدت الباحثة تصميماً تجريبياً ذا الضبط الجزئي وهو تصميم المجموعة الضابطة ذات الاختبار البعدي, وتكونت العينة من (66) طالبة من طالبات الصف الخامس الأدبي في ثانوية الوحدة الوطنية للبنات في بغداد, بواقع (34) طالبة في المجموعة التجريبية التي تدرس على وفق إستراتيجية زمن الانتظار و(32) طالبة في المجموعة الضابطة التي تدرس بالطريقة الاعتيادية  .

أعدت  الباحثة اختباراً تحصيلياً مكونا من (30) فقرة من نوع الاختيار من متعدد وتأكدت من صدقه وثباته وخصائصه السيكومترية .

 باستعمال الاختبار التائيّ لعينتين مستقلتين, أسفرت الدراسة من وجود فرقٍ ذي دلالة إحصائية بين متوسط درجات طالبات مجموعتي البحث ولصالح المجموعة التجريبية .
Medicina para el aeropasajero colombiano
Authors: Valderrama Carolina , Feijo Diego , Gil Christian , Jiménez Erick , León-Sarmiento Fidias E.
Published: April 2020

En las últimas décadas el tráfico aéreo se ha incrementado, y con ello la cantidad de pasajeros que diariamente atraviesan el mundo usando este medio de trasporte quienes se exponen cada vez más a un ambiente hostil y confinado. Este ambiente puede exacerbar enfermedades subyacentes o actuar como detonante en la aparición de otras, incluyendo la transmisión de enfermedades infecciosas en muy corto tiempo. Estas adversidades en su gran mayoría son prevenibles y a bajo costo, tanto para las empresas aéreas como para los sistemas de salud. Sin embargo, a la fecha, en Colombia no se tiene información que permita plantear intervenciones preventivas sobre esta población expuesta a riesgos que, en numerosas ocasiones derivan de una práctica inexistente de la medicina del viajero, pudiendo esto generar grandes problemas, en la salud pública local y mundial.
FMCW-Radar-Based Electronic Walking Cane for Blind Pedestrians
Authors: Aliakbarian Hadi , Siyar Davood
Published: April 2020

Our new idea of using a simple FMCW radar as an electronic walking cane is described. The letter goes beyond the idea by proposing the required architecture architecture, and even proposed antenna type and usable COTS part numbers. The idea was submitted to IEEE AP-S Student design contest in 2020.
Pengaruh suhu dan waktu sangrai terhadap hasil bubuk bramseko pada alat penyangrai biji-bijian fluidisasi
Authors: Safitri Andi Fitra , Rusdianasari  , Amin Jaksen M.
Published: April 2020

Minuman kopi termasuk salah satu jenis minuman yang paling digemari oleh hampir seluruh masyarakat dunia. Minuman serupa kopi ternyata dapat dibuat dari biji rambutan. Biji rambutan yang digunakan sebagai obat diabetes diolah dengan cara disangrai dan dihaluskan kemudian diseduh agar bisa dikonsumsi. Pengolahan tersebut sama dengan cara pengolahan biji kopi menjadi bubuk kopi. Proses penyangraian biji rambutan dilakukan dengan alat penyangrai biji-bijian tipe fluidisasi. Alat penyangrai tipe fluidisasi yang dirancang terdiri dari tangki sangrai yang berbentuk limas segiempat, 2 buah heater, 1 buah blower dan control panel. Biji rambutan dimasukkan ke dalam tangki sangrai kemudian dikontakkan dengan udara panas yang dihembusakan oleh blower. Kecepatan fluidisasi minimum untuk 200 gram biji rambutan adalah 5 m/s. Penyangraian biji rambutan secara optimum terjadi pada suhu sangrai 180oC dengan waktu sangrai 10 menit. Bubuk biji rambutan serupa kopi (bramseko) dianalisa nilai kadar air dan kadar abu yang hasilnya adalah 0,20% dan 2,34%, hasil ini memenuhi standar mutu bubuk kopi SNI 01-3542-2004. Untuk mengetahui nutrisi bubuk “bramseko”, dilakukan analisa protein dan kadar proteinnya adalah 2,79%. Dari hasil analisa ekonomi yang dilakukan, pengolahan “bramseko” akan mencapai BEP jika telah menyangrai biji rambutan sebanyak 17 kg/bulan dengan keuntungan sebesar Rp.4.969.688/bulan dan waktu pengembalian modal adalah 2 bulan
Pengaruh waktu pemeliharaan (cleaning) terhadap kinerja cooler pada unit penyulingan minyak mentah
Authors: Wirawan Habil Majid , Sakinah Friskha Hanifah , Cundari Lia
Published: April 2020

Minyak bumi merupakan hal yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat dunia sehingga proses refinery dalam industri perminyakan memiliki peran yang sangat penting. Hal tersebut dikarenakan proses refinery berperan dalam penyediaan bahan bakar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan negara dari berbagai aspek kehidupan mulai dari kebutuhan konsumsi masyarakat maupun industri lainnya.Crude distiller merupakan unit proses primer yang berfungsi memisahkan minyak mentah menjadi fraksi-fraksinya secara penyulingan atau distilasi biasa pada tekanan atmosfer.Bahan baku yang diolah di crude distiller II adalah crude oil dari SPD, Jene, Tap, dan Ramba serta crude oil ex kapal dari Ketapa, Duri, dan SLC akan membentuk produk gas, crude buthane, naphta, SR tops, LCT, LKD, dan residu.Cooler yang digunakan pada Crude Distiller Unit II (CDU II) perusahaan minyak dan gas merupakan panas yang ditukar dengan tipe tube and shell.Tingkat kekotoran dari fluida yang digunakan pada coolerlama kelamaan akan menghambat kinerja cooler dan menyebabkan cooler harus dibersihkan dalam kurun waktu tertentu maka kinerja cooler dalam mentransfer panas dapat maksimal dan menaikkan efisiensi alat. Penurunan kinerja cooler tersebut dikarenakan nilai fouling factor dan tipe air pendingin yang digunakan tidaklah sesuai. Oleh karena itu, pada paper ini akan dibahas dan dibandingkan beberapa hal yang menjadi faktor penyebab rendahnya kinerja cooler untuk mendapatkan waktu operasi cooler yang optimal. Dengan menggunakan perbandingan data aktual dengan desain maka didapatkan jadwal cleaning39 bulan atau 3,25 tahun terhitung sejak September 2017 yang berarti bahwa cooler yang digunakan masih dalam kondisi yang baik dan mampu bekerja secara optimal.
Perhitungan efisiensi panas steam generator dengan pemanas thermal oil pada unit energy plant industri fibreboard
Authors: Linda Santia  , Intan Retri Utari  , Rahmatullah
Published: April 2020

Steam generator (boiler) atau ketel uap adalah bejana tertutup dimana panas pembakaran dialirkan ke air sampai terbentuk air panas atau steam. Air panas atau steam pada tekanan tertentu kemudian digunakan untuk mengalirkan panas ke suatu proses. Secara proses konversi energi, boiler memiliki fungsi untuk mengkonversi energi kimia yang tersimpan di dalam bahan bakar menjadi energi panas yang tertransfer ke fluida kerja. Steam generator didesain untuk menghasilkan steam dengan tekanan dan temperatur tertentu. Kualitas steam yang dihasilkan sangat dipengaruhi oleh performa kinerja dari steam generator. Permasalahan yang dihadapi pada steam generator ini adalah terjadi penuruan efisiensi panas. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efisiensi maksimum steam generator dan faktor apa yang mempengaruhi penurunan efisiensi melalui evaluasi neraca massa dan neraca panas. Pengurangan efisiensi panas pada steam generator dapat disebabkan karena penumpukan kerak yang terdapat didalam sepanjang tube. Efisiensi panas yang di hasilkan dari steam generator di PT Sumatera Prima Fibreboard adalah kurang lebih 92-93%.
Studi stabilitas warna biodiesel dan campuran biodiesel - minyak solar (B20) selama penyimpanan
Authors: Alfid Revtan Effriandi  , Siti Zahra  , Baikuni Eris Prianda
Published: April 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui analisa sampel biodiesel B20 dan B100 yaitu berupa analisa angka asam, angka peroksida dan analisa warna dengan menggunakan colorimeter. B100 berbasis palm oil berasal dari PT Sumi Asih Oleochemical dan B20 berasal SPBU Pertamina. Analisa warna, angka asam dan angka peroksida dilakukan per 15 Hari sampai hari ke 60 untuk dilihat apakah ada perubahan yang terjadi. Biodiesel disimpan dengan diberi penambahan antioksidan dan tanpa penambahan antioksidan. Hal ini untuk mengamati efek penambahan antioksidan pada biodiesel selama penyimpanan. Antioksidan yang digunakan adalah Tersier Butil Hidroksi Quinolin (TBHQ) yang berfungsi untuk memperlambat atau mencegah proses oksidasi. Penyimpana biodiesel disimpan dengan dua kondisi yaitu tempat tertutup dan terbuka untuk diamati perubahan yang terjadi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan antioksidan di ruangan terbuka berpengaruh terhadap perubahan warna yang signifikan hal ini disebabkan karena antioksidan bekerja pada temperatur tinggi selama penyimpanan. Kondisi penyimpanan pada temperatur diatas temperatur ambient dan terkena cahaya matahari lebih mempercepat terjadinya degradasi menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan kualitas biodiesel.
AVAILABILITY ASSESSMENT SIMULATIONS FOR ALLOCATING HUMAN RESOURCES IN AIRSPACE CONTROL CENTERS
Authors: Nogueira Pizzo Walter
Published: April 2020

Airspace control systems introduced automation into functions previously performed by human operators. This situation increased the dependence on the availability of computer systems, in which degraded operation events can reduce the service level at any controlled airspace. This paper presents a relationship between availability and allocation of human resources in these centers, where maintenance and operations personnel are occasionally asked to repair losses caused by automated functions. A simulation model for the Arena tool is presented, to access availability, and then the operational point of view is explored, focusing on the required availability scenarios. The results presented herein can help determine the size of operations and maintenance teams, considering the reliability and maintainability parameters of airspace control systems.
INFLUENCE OF THE THREE LINKS AGREEMENT ON THE BEHAVIOR OF TAIWAN AIRPORTS: A TWO-STAGE DEA ANALYSIS
Authors: Yang Lu
Published: April 2020

Taiwan is a small island with a relatively large number of airports. These airports show great disparity in terms of passenger volume and cargo tonnage. This paper in the first part evaluates the efficiency and productivity of Taiwanese airports using a panel data set, to verify the ones with lower efficiency performances. DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) and Malmquist index methods are applied. In the second stage the changes of these scores are analyzed in different regression methods to test the influence of the Three Link agreement between China and Taiwan. It reveals that airports in Taiwan with routes to China have lower efficiency scores but their productivity grows faster than that of the other airports. This paper also confirmed that airports on offshore islands have higher efficiency scores and productivity.
INEFFICIENCIES CAUSED BY GOVERNMENTS’ INTERVENTIONS IN AIRLINES’ MARKETS
Authors: Ancell Deborah
Published: April 2020

At least seven of the indicators of market inefficiencies and/or failure are visible in the airline industry. These have been triggered by national, multi-national or supranational governments’ (NMSGs’) interventions trying to resolve political, social or environmental problems. These seven interventions (many lacking preliminary economic analysis) have been aimed at resolving lack of competition, filling missing markets, and neutralising the presence of negative externalities, free riders, social inequalities and moral panic. Desk research showed that just one of these NMSGs’ interventions was beneficial since it encouraged competition while the other six unintentionally triggered market inefficiencies or failures. Furthermore, it is possible that some of the interventions could eventually make advanced world airlines subsidise their advancing world competitors.
MAKNA BUAH ROH DALAM GALATIA 5:22-23
Authors: Dilla Minggus
Published: April 2020

The fruit of the Spirit is the most important part in the life of a believer. Through the Fruit of the Spirit the believer can show his true self. But the understanding of the Fruit of the Spirit is still not widely known by many Believers. Therefore through this article believers can have an understanding of what the fruit of the Spirit is and its meaning in its relation to daily life.
POLA PENYELESAIAN PERSELISIHAN MENURUT RASUL PAULUS DALAM 1 KORINTUS 3:1-9
Authors: Sarwono Sarwono
Published: April 2020

1 Corinthians This letter is a letter written by the Apostle Paul addressed to the church in Corinth in 55 CE during his second missionary journey. The writing of this letter is motivated by several things, one of which is disputes. The city of Corinth was a metropolitan city with a strategic location so that many people came to Corinth to trade. In addition, the city of Corinth was also known for its extraordinary level of crime. All crimes are committed openly there. For Paul, the disputing church is a church that is not yet mature in the faith, so that they are still dominated by the spirit of division, unable to focus on the source of growth. In this case Paul provided a solution to overcome the problem of disputes that occurred among the Corinthians, namely applying the pattern of dispute resolution according to the Apostle Paul. It is hoped that through this article can help the lives of believers in overcoming disputes in the Church.
Reproductive parameters of the Chestnut-capped Blackbird, Chrysomus ruficapilus (Passeriformes: Icteridae), in a natural wetland from southeastern Brazil
Authors: Costa Mariellen C. , Medolago César A.B. , Murcia Amanda , Francisco Mercival R.
Published: April 2020

The Chestnut-capped Blackbird,Chrysomus ruficapilus(Vieillot, 1819), is a common bird species in flooded areas of South America. Data on its reproductive parameters have been reported mainly for rice paddies from Uruguay and southern Brazil, where reproductive phenology might have been influenced by the chronology of agricultural activities. Here we provide reproductive data for a population in a natural marshland from São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. A total of 45 active nests were monitored between December 2017 and April 2018. Clutch size was 2.8 ± 0.44. Incubation and nestling periods were respectively 11.8 ± 0.39, and 12.3 ± 0.75 days, and overall nesting success was 65%. The reproductive season lasted about five months, which is longer than that observed in rice paddies from southern Brazil. This suggests that the reproductive phenology has been underestimated before. Although clutch sizes were bigger in our study population than that from rice paddies from southern Brazil, nest survival was higher in the artificial habitat, suggesting that the Chestnut-capped Blackbird can obtain benefits from nesting in artificial habitats.
Acute Onset Concomitant Esotropia: Sensorial Evaluation, Prism Adaptation Test, and Surgery Planning
Authors: Savino Gustavo , Colucci Daniela , Rebecchi Maria Teresa , Dickmann Anna
Published: April 2020

Background and Objective:

Acute acquired concomitant esotropia is a rare form of strabismus that usually presents during infancy or early childhood with diplopia and minimal refractive error. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response to the prism adaptation test in a group of normosensorial patients with acute acquired concomitant esotropia and to determine its predictive value for surgical outcome.

Patients and Methods:

Six patients (median age, 11.5 years) with acute acquired concomitant esotropia underwent the prism adaptation test by applications of Fresnel press-on and prismatic lenses. The sensorial condition of each patient had been evaluated with the TNO stereopsis test, the Irvine test, Bagolini striated glasses, and the Worth four-dot test during the prism adaptation test, when maximum compensation angle was achieved, and after surgery. In all patients, surgery was performed based on the angle of the squint after the prism adaptation test. Patients were observed 1 day, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery.

Results:

An increase in the angle of the squint occurred in all patients during prism adaptation. The maximum value was obtained in the same amount of time whether with prisms of increasing power or by direct application of the final value of the prisms. The final prismatic value (target angle) was always the same.

Conclusions:

The accuracy of the patients' selection confirmed the existence of highly reproducible compensational movements to the prismatic correction in not only patients with anomalous retinal correspondence but also normosensorial patients. Prism adaptation test results were useful in these patients because of their high predictive value for the surgical treatment.

J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
2005;42:342–348.
Increasing Energy Efficiency by Optimizing the Electrical Infrastructure of a Railway Line Using Fireworks Algorithm
Authors: Roch-Dupré David , Gonsalves Tad
Published: April 2020

This chapter proposes the application of a discrete version of the Fireworks Algorithm (FWA) and a novel PSO-FWA hybrid algorithm to optimize the energy efficiency of a metro railway line. This optimization consists in determining the optimal configuration of the Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) to install in a railway line, including their number, location, and power (kW). The installation of the ESSs will improve the energy efficiency of the system by incrementing the use of the regenerated energy produced by the trains in the braking phases, as the ESSs will store the excess of regenerated energy and return it to the system when necessary. The results for this complex optimization problem produced by the two algorithms are excellent and authors prove that the novel PSO-FWA algorithm proposed in this chapter outperforms the standard FWA.
Using Strategic Management Accounting Practices to Measure and Manage Intellectual Capital
Authors: Pires Rui Alexandre R. , Alves Maria do Céu Gaspar , Fernandes Catarina
Published: April 2020

The main purpose of this chapter is to examine the role of management accounting to measure and manage intellectual capital (IC), and more specifically to explore the potential role of strategic management accounting (SMA) in this process. In addition, this chapter is intended to link SMA practices and some IC resources. SMA practices enable the identification, measurement, and management of IC resources such as production processes and innovation capacity (e.g., target costing), quality management (e.g., quality costing), knowledge-based resources related to the organization´s external relationships (e.g., attribute costing, value chain costing, and target costing), and brand image (e.g., brand valuation/management). SMA practices, given its external orientation, enable, mainly, the identification and management of resources encompassed in relational capital. Therefore, this chapter contributes to the extant literature regarding the measurement and management of IC, highlighting the role of SMA, and provides some suggestions for further research.
Contemporary consequences of the 1967 Referendum
Authors: Ottley Brooke
Published: April 2020

The 1967 Australian Referendum and subsequent constitutional reform are widely considered a victory for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and an elevating moment in Australia’s history. However, this analysis reveals the Referendum was in some ways an anticlimax, enabling paternalistic policies and exploitation of the First Peoples of Australia.
Reclaiming what was lost in the fire: a review of Jonathan Jones’ "Barrangal Dyara"
Authors: Timar Francesca
Published: April 2020

The site-specific work titled Barrangal Dyara (Skin and Bones) was exhibited in the Royal Botanical Gardens in Sydney from the 17th of September to the 3rd of October 2016. The artist behind the display, Sydney based Wiradjuri and Kamilaroi man Jonathan Jones (born 1987) is a young contemporary Aboriginal artist who specialises in site-specific works, which discuss the historical uses of locations around Australia. The name Barrangal Dyara means skin and bones in the local Gadigal language, and the work took place on Country with community approval from Gadigal elders Uncle Charles Madden and Uncle Allen Madden.
Victoria Park
Authors: Sharpley Nathaniel
Published: April 2020

It was mid March this year when I visited Victoria Park. Not to say I hadn’t visited before, walking through the park twice a week most weeks. This time however as a ‘site visit’ in its intentionality, the visit was of significantly greater educational substance. This visit, I joined most of the Aboriginal Political History student cohort in an excursion that almost felt like a walk back in time. With the purpose of gaining a larger understanding of Aboriginal occupation and use of the land which we use so regularly. That land being Victoria Park. A place that I was amused to feel a strange sense of nostalgia by the way we navigated the landscape.
Discrete-wavelength DOAS NO2 slant column retrievals from OMI and TROPOMI
Authors: Ruiz Villena Cristina , Anand Jasdeep S. , Leigh Roland J. , Monks Paul S. , Parfitt Claire E. , Vande Hey Joshua D.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The use of satellite NO2 data for air quality studies is increasingly revealing the need for observations with higher spatial and temporal resolution. The study of the NO2 diurnal cycle, global sub-urban-scale observations, and identification of emission point sources are some examples of important applications not possible at the resolution provided by current instruments. One way to achieve increased spatial resolution is to reduce the spectral information needed for the retrieval, allowing both dimensions of conventional 2-D detectors to be used to record spatial information. In this work we investigate the use of 10 discrete wavelengths with the well-established differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) technique for NO2 slant column density (SCD) retrievals. To test the concept we use a selection of individual OMI and TROPOMI Level 1B swaths from various regions around the world, which contain a mixture of clean and heavily polluted areas. To discretise the data we simulate a set of Gaussian optical filters centred at various key wavelengths of the NO2 absorption cross section. We perform SCD retrievals of the discrete data using a simple implementation of the DOAS algorithm and compare the results with the corresponding Level 2 SCD products, namely QA4ECV for OMI and the operational TROPOMI product. For OMI the overall results from our discrete-wavelength retrieval are in very good agreement with the Level 2 data (mean difference <5 %). For TROPOMI the agreement is good (mean difference <11 %), with lower uncertainty owing to its higher signal-to-noise ratio. These discrepancies can be mostly explained by the differences in retrieval implementation. There are some larger differences around the centre of the swath and over water. While further research is needed to address specific retrieval issues, our results indicate that our method has potential. It would allow for simpler, more economic satellite instrument designs for NO2 monitoring at high spatial and temporal resolution. Constellations of small satellites with such instruments on board would be a valuable complement to current and upcoming high-budget hyperspectral instruments.
The increase in the curvature radius of geomagnetic field lines preceding a classical dipolarization
Authors: Saka Osuke
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Based on assumptions that substorm field line dipolarization at
geosynchronous altitudes is associated with the arrival of high-velocity
magnetotail flow bursts referred to as bursty bulk flows, the
following sequence of field line dipolarization is proposed: (1) slow magnetoacoustic
wave excited through ballooning instability by enhanced inflows in pre-onset
intervals towards the equatorial plane; (2) in the equatorial plane, slow
magnetoacoustic wave stretching of the flux tube in dawn–dusk directions
resulting in spreading plasmas in dawn–dusk directions and reduction in the
radial pressure gradient in the flux tube. As a consequence of these
processes, the flux tube assumes a new equilibrium geometry in which
the curvature radius of new field lines increased in the meridian plane,
suggesting an onset of field line dipolarization. The dipolarization
processes associated with changing the curvature radius preceded classical
dipolarization caused by a reduction of cross-tail currents and pileup of the
magnetic fields. Increasing the curvature radius induced a convection surge in the equatorial plane
as well as inductive westward electric fields of the order of millivolts per meter (mV m−1). Electric
fields transmitted to the ionosphere produce an electromotive force in the E
layer for generating a field-aligned current system of Bostrom type. This is
also equivalent to the creation of an incomplete Cowling channel in the
ionospheric E layer by the convection surge.
Service-Related Factors Associated With Newborn Care Practices by Mothers in Mutare, Zimbabwe: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chiwawa Edhina , Mhlanga Maxwell , Munodawafa Auxillia , Mutseyekwa Fadzayi
Published: April 2020

Neonatal mortality remains very high in Zimbabwe (29/1,000 live births). Service-related factors have been linked to the care-giver knowledge and newborn care practices. In Manicaland Province, care-seeking behaviors for fever (the main symptom for childhood infections) and knowledge levels of neonatal danger signs remains unacceptably lower than the national averages. A cross-sectional descriptive and analytic design was carried out to determine service-related factors to newborn care practices and their association with neonatal outcomes in Mutare District. Purposive sampling was used to select health facilities and systematic random sampling was used to select participants. A structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used to collect data which was then entered and analyzed using Epi-Info version 7.2. Descriptive and multivariate analysis were performed on data collected from 349 participants. Practice of the five assessed recommended newborn care practices was high. Exclusive breastfeeding (62%), early initiation of breastfeeding (74%), good cord care (73%), care-seeking for neonatal illness within 24hrs of onset of fever (82%) and keeping baby warm was at 58%. Statistically significant independent factors associated with the recommended newborn care practices were post-natal stay for more than 72 hours at the clinic (AOR=0.56; 95%CI: 0.12-0.87, p=0.000), and delivery at the health facility (AOR=0.43; 95%CI: 0.21-0.77; p=0.000). Service delivery had a substantial influence on newborn care practices in Mutare district and influenced neonatal outcomes. Improving newborn care outcomes requires both effective service delivery and community health system strengthening to promote good newborn care.
Produção de lenha e forragem de Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz submetida à poda anual
Authors: Santos William De Sousa , Bakke Olaf Andreas , Santos Wellington De Sousa , Silva Amanda De Araújo , Justino Sérvio Túlio Pereira
Published: April 2020

Algumas espécies lenhosas da caatinga possuem potencial para produzir forragem de qualidade a baixo custo. Suas folhas e ramas finas podem ser consumidas no campo ou fornecidas como feno, se forem coletadas na estação chuvosa, período de abundância, para suplementar a dieta dos animais no período seco do ano. Poincianella pyramidalis (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz (catingueira) aparece com bom potencial para a produção de forragem. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de forragem de catingueira em função da intensidade de poda de suas ramas em dois anos consecutivos, e o efeito desta no DAP e acúmulo de biomassa lenhosa, e na forragem herbácea produzida sob e fora da projeção da copa. O trabalho foi desenvolvido na Fazenda Lameirão, Santa Terezinha-PB, Brasil. As ramas foram coletadas de 20 catingueiras adultas, de acordo com 5 intensidades de poda: T1 = 0%, T2 = 25%, T3 = 50%, T4 = 75% e T5 = 100% de poda. A produção média de forragem variou entre os tratamentos de 2,19 a 7,07 kg. árvore-1 (MS) em 2016 e de 1,33 a 2,41 kg. árvore-1 (MS) em 2017. A produção de forragem herbácea foi maior sob (1,60 t. ha-1) (MS) do que fora (1,07 t. ha-1) (MS) da copa. O corte das ramas não afeta o acúmulo de biomassa lenhosa e nem a produção herbácea. A composição química das forragens é satisfatória à alimentação animal.
Evolução da qualidade de vida de cuidadores de pacientes com distrofia muscular de Duchenne
Authors: Oliveira Lorrane Caroline de , Eduardo Iriana Moraes , Souza Thaísa Fernandes , Medeiros Lorena Gomes de , Prudente Cejane Oliveira Martins , Ribeiro Maysa Ferreira Martins
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Analisar a evolução da qualidade de vida de cuidadores de pacientes com Distrofia Muscular de Duchenne (DMD) após um ano de reabilitação, segundo o grau de estadiamento da doença. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo e longitudinal, realizado em uma instituição de reabilitação de Goiânia - Goiás. A amostra foi composta por 27 pacientes com DMD e seus cuidadores familiares. Os instrumentos aplicados foram: ficha de perfil sociodemográfico; Escala Vignos; e Medida de Qualidade de Vida da Organização Mundial de Saúde (WHOQOL- bref). Resultados: Média de idade dos cuidadores foi de 39,44 anos e dos pacientes de 14,59 anos, a média da Escala de Vignos foi de 7,59 pontos. A Escala de Vignos apresentou piora significativa após um ano (p=<0,001). Com relação ao WHOQOL-bref, o domínio meio ambiente mostrou as piores médias nas duas coletas, e o domínio físico as melhores. Não houve diferença significativa nas médias dos domínios e escore geral do WHOQOL-bref após um ano. Houve piora nos domínios psicológico e social apenas nos cuidadores cujos filhos eram mais graves. Conclusão: Cuidadores de pacientes mais graves, que encontram-se em fase de estadiamento da doença mais avançada, necessitam de um cuidado multiprofissional diferenciado, pois foram os que apresentaram pior qualidade de vida após um ano de acompanhamento.
Attitude of Postgraduate Students towards Plagiarism in University of Port Harcourt
Authors: Orluwene G. W. , Magnus-Arewa A. E.
Published: April 2020

Plagiarism remains a threat to scientific integrity and development of knowledge. This study examined postgraduate students’ attitude towards plagiarism at the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Three research questions and corresponding hypotheses guided the study.  The descriptive research design was used for the study with a sample size of 200 postgraduate students was drawn using the purposive non-random sampling technique, from a population size of 1762 postgraduate students of the University of Port Harcourt. A questionnaire titled "Attitude of Post- Graduate Students towards Plagiarism Questionnaire" (APSPQ) was used as an instrument for data collection. The instrument was validated by experts and the reliability of the instrument was determined using Cronbach alpha, Data was analyzed using mean, standard deviation, independent t-test and Two-way ANOVA at 0.05 level of significances. Findings revealed that most postgraduate students of the University of Port Harcourt had a positive attitude towards plagiarism, the male postgraduate student had a negative attitude towards plagiarism while the Master students had negative attitude towards plagiarism. Part of the recommendations was that the University of Port Harcourt from time to time should organize orientation programmes for all postgraduate students based on the concept as well as implications for plagiarism.
Copper(II) partially protects three histidine residues and the N‐terminus of amyloid‐β peptide from diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) modification
Authors: Friedemann Merlin , Tõugu Vello , Palumaa Peep
Published: April 2020

Diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEPC) has been primarily used as a residue‐specific modifying agent to study the role of His residues in peptide/protein and enzyme function; however, its action is not specific, and several other residues can also be modified. In the current study, we monitored the reaction of DEPC with amyloid‐beta (Aβ) peptides and insulin by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) and determined the modification sites by electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight tandem MS (ESI Q‐TOF MS/MS). Our results indicate that five residues in Aβ1–42 are modified in the presence of 30‐fold molar excess of DEPC. After hydroxylamine treatment (which removes modifications from three His residues), two labels remain bound at the peptide N terminus and Lys16. DEPC treatment of Aβ1–42 promotes peptide aggregation, as monitored through the loss of soluble Aβ42 in a semi‐quantitative MALDI‐TOF MS assay. It has been previously proposed that Cu(II) ions protect Aβ1–16 from DEPC modification through binding to His6. We confirmed that Cu(II) ions decrease the stoichiometry of Aβ1–16 modification with the excess of DEPC being lower as compared to the control, which indicates that Cu(II) protects Aβ from DEPC modification. Sequencing of obtained Cu(II)‐protected Aβ1–16 samples showed that Cu(II) does not protect any residues completely, but partially protects all three His residues and the N terminus. Thus, the protection by Cu(II) ions is not related to specific metal binding to a particular residue (e.g. His6), but rather all His residues and the N terminus are involved in binding of Cu(II) ions. These results allow us to elucidate the effect of DEPC modification on amyloidogenity of human Aβ and to speculate about the role of His residues in these processes.
Stiffness Self‐Tuned Shape Memory Hydrogels for Embolization of Aneurysms
Authors: Liu Bo , Xu Ziyang , Gao Haijun , Fan Chuanchuan , Ma Guangshuo , Zhang Dongfei , Xiao Meng , Zhang Bingjie , Yang Yang , Cui Chunyan , Wu Tengling , Feng Xuequan , Liu Wenguang
Published: April 2020

An aneurysm is a life‐threatening vascular disease. Embolization with shape memory (SM) hydrogel coils is promising for the treatment of the intractable aneurysms. However, single temperature‐triggered SM is softened in a catheter, and delivery of multiple coils is required, which may clog the catheter and complicate operation procedure. Here, a radiopaque temperature/pH dual responsive shape memory hydrogel with self‐tuned stiffness is fabricated by copolymerizing acrylonitrile (AN, dipole–dipole interaction monomer), N‐acryloyl 2‐glycine (ACG, pH‐sensitive H‐bonding monomer), and polyethylene glycol diacrylate. Under slightly acidic conditions without eliciting cytotoxicity, additional supramolecular PACG hydrogen bonds combined with cyano dipole–dipole pairings contribute to the body temperature‐triggered SM effect with an unprecedented high 430 MPa (10 °C) and 16 MPa (37 °C) Young's modulus. A carotid aneurysm is created in a dog to test the embolization of this SM hydrogel. At 37 °C, the hydrogel's high stiffness ensures its smooth delivery through a catheter. After being transported into the aneurysm sac, secondary swelling occurs concurrent with appropriate decrease of stiffness upon contacting neutral blood, thus enhancing the packing density and reducing recanalization rate and delivery times. This stiffness adaptive SM hydrogel holds its great potential as permanent embolic agents for treating a variety of aneurysms.
All‐Natural, Degradable, Rolled‐Up Straws Based on Cellulose Micro‐ and Nano‐Hybrid Fibers
Authors: Wang Xizheng , Pang Zhenqian , Chen Chaoji , Xia Qinqin , Zhou Yubing , Jing Shuangshuang , Wang Ruiliu , Ray Upamanyu , Gan Wentao , Li Claire , Chen Gegu , Foster Bob , Li Teng , Hu Liangbing
Published: April 2020

Among all the plastic pollution, straws have brought particularly intricate problems since they are single use, consumed in a large volume, cannot be recycled in most places, and can never be fully degraded. To solve this problem, replacements for plastic straws are being developed following with the global trend of plastic straw bans. Nevertheless, none of the available degradable alternatives are satisfactory due to drawbacks including poor natural degradability, high cost, low mechanical performance, and poor water stability. Here, all‐natural degradable straws are designed by hybridizing cellulose nanofibers and microfibers in a binder‐free manner. Straws are fabricated by rolling up the wet hybrid film and sealed by the internal hydrogen bonding formed among the cellulose fibers after drying. The cellulose hybrid straws show exceptional behaviors including 1) excellent mechanical performance (high tensile strength of ≈70 MPa and high ductility with a fracture strain of 12.7%), 2) sufficient hydrostability (10× wet mechanical strength compared to commercial paper straw), 3) low cost, and 4) high natural degradability. Given the low‐cost raw materials, the binder‐free hybrid design based on cellulose structure can potentially be a suitable solution to solve the environmental challenges brought by the enormous usage of plastics straws.
Interfacial Strain Gradients Control Nanoscale Domain Morphology in Epitaxial BiFeO3 Multiferroic Films
Authors: Sando Daniel , Han Mengjiao , Govinden Vivasha , Paull Oliver , Appert Florian , Carrétéro Cécile , Fischer Johanna , Barthélémy Agnès , Bibes Manuel , Garcia Vincent , Fusil Stéphane , Dkhil Brahim , Juraszek Jean , Zhu Yinlian , Ma Xiuliang , Nagarajan Valanoor
Published: April 2020

Domain switching pathways fundamentally control performance in ferroelectric thin film devices. In epitaxial bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) films, the domain morphology is known to influence the multiferroic orders. While both striped and mosaic domains have been observed, the origins of the latter have remained unclear. Here, it is shown that domain morphology is defined by the strain profile across the film–substrate interface. In samples with mosaic domains, X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals strong strain gradients, while geometric phase analysis using scanning transmission electron microscopy finds that within 5 nm of the film–substrate interface, the out‐of‐plane strain shows an anomalous dip while the in‐plane strain is constant. Conversely, if uniform strain is maintained across the interface with zero strain gradient, striped domains are formed. Critically, an ex situ thermal treatment, which eliminates the interfacial strain gradient, converts the domains from mosaic to striped. The antiferromagnetic state of the BiFeO3 is also influenced by the domain structure, whereby the mosaic domains disrupt the long‐range spin cycloid. This work demonstrates that atomic scale tuning of interfacial strain gradients is a powerful route to manipulate the global multiferroic orders in epitaxial films.