bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of West Nile Virus in the United States: Implications for Arbovirology and Public Health
Authors: Petersen Lyle R
Published: September 2019

Since West Nile virus (WNV) emerged in the United States in 1999, 22,999 neuroinvasive disease cases in humans were reported through 2017. These cases have arisen from an estimated seven million human infections. Population incidence is geographically heterogeneous and is highest in the West and Midwest. Upwards of 2% of the population in some jurisdictions may become infected during outbreaks. Before universal screening of the United States blood supply, this high infection incidence and that approximately 75% of those infected remain asymptomatic translated into a considerable risk of WNV transfusion transmission despite the short duration of viremia following infection. Universal blood donor screening has nearly eliminated the risk of WNV transfusion transmission, but at enormous cost. WNV transmission via transplanted organs carries extremely high morbidity and mortality. Improved vector surveillance and timely and effective response to surveillance data can reduce the impact of WNV and should remain public health priorities.
Possibility of rapid neutron star cooling with a realistic equation of state
Authors: Dohi Akira , Nakazato Ken’ichiro , Hashimoto Masa-aki , Yasuhide Matsuo , Noda Tsuneo
Published: September 2019

Whether fast cooling processes occur or not is crucial for the thermal evolution of neutron stars. In particular, the threshold of the direct Urca process, which is one of the fast cooling processes, is determined by the interior proton fraction $Y_p$, or the nuclear symmetry energy. Since recent observations indicate the small radius of neutron stars, a low value is preferred for the symmetry energy. In this study, simulations of neutron star cooling are performed adopting three models for the equation of state (EoS): Togashi, Shen, and LS220 EoSs. The Togashi EoS has been recently constructed with realistic nuclear potentials under finite temperature, and found to account for the small radius of neutron stars. As a result, we find that, since the direct Urca process is forbidden, the neutron star cooling is slow with use of the Togashi EoS. This is because the symmetry energy of Togashi EoS is lower than those of other EoSs. Hence, in order to account for observed age and surface temperature of isolated neutron stars with the use of the Togashi EoS, other fast cooling processes are needed regardless of the surface composition.
Pooled Subject-Reported Outcomes From 2 Phase 3 Studies of OnabotulinumtoxinA for Simultaneous Treatment of Forehead and Glabellar Lines
Authors: Ogilvie Patricia , Rivkin Alexander Z. , Dayan Steven , Yoelin Steven G. , Larsen Kristin E. , Varon Sepideh , Garcia Julie K.
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Understanding the subjects' perspective is critical for successfully treating upper facial lines.

OBJECTIVE

To understand subjects' self-perception and overall satisfaction after onabotulinumtoxinA treatment for forehead and glabellar lines.

METHODS

This analysis pooled data from two 12-month, pivotal phase 3 studies in which toxin-naive subjects received onabotulinumtoxinA 40 U or placebo for treatment of upper facial lines. OnabotulinumtoxinA was administered as 0.1-mL injections at 10 prespecified sites (frontalis: 20 U; glabellar complex: 20 U). Each study used 3 reliable and validated patient-reported outcome instruments to evaluate subject satisfaction and appearance-related psychological effects: the Facial Line Satisfaction Questionnaire (FLSQ), the Facial Line Outcomes (FLO-11) Questionnaire, and the Self-Perception of Age (SPA) Questionnaire. In total, data for 865 subjects (608, onabotulinumtoxinA 40 U; 257, placebo) were analyzed.

RESULTS

Treatment with onabotulinumtoxinA 40 U resulted in significant and sustained improvements across all pooled FLO-11 items and FLSQ items compared with placebo. SPA results demonstrated that a significant proportion of subjects in the pooled analysis felt they looked younger after treatment than at baseline (all, p < .0001 vs placebo).

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates a high level of treatment satisfaction and significantly improved appearance-related psychological outcomes among toxin-naive subjects after onabotulinumtoxinA 40 U treatment.
Acute Extensor Tenosynovitis due to Disseminated Gonococcal Infection
Authors: Zhou Joanne Y. , Mittermiller Paul A. , Nishimoto Stacie K. , Johannet Peter , Curtin Catherine
Published: September 2019

Infections from Neisseria gonorrhoeae (N. gonorrhoeae) are on the rise. Disseminated gonorrhea infections have the unique propensity for causing extensor tenosynovitis of the hand, a topic which has not recently been discussed in the plastic surgery literature. We therefore present a case report of a patient with extensor tenosynovitis of the hand from disseminated gonorrhea and review the literature. A 78-year-old man arrived in the Emergency Department with extensor tenosynovitis of the wrist, dermatitis, and polyarthralgias. He was taken to the operating room for washout of his extensor tendons at the wrist and was subsequently diagnosed with disseminated N. gonorrhoeae and treated with a third-generation cephalosporin. The patient ultimately recovered and regained normal active range of motion of the wrist. With the increasing incidence of N. gonorrhoeae, it is important for hand surgeons to recognize and treat the infection early in its course. This article serves to alert hand surgeons of the unique clinical patterns of N. gonorrhoeae infection, specifically focusing on presentations that include extensor tenosynovitis of the hand.
Equine herpesvirus 1 infection orchestrates the expression of chemokines in equine respiratory epithelial cells
Authors: Poelaert Katrien C. K. , Van Cleemput Jolien , Laval Kathlyn , Xie Jiexiong , Favoreel Herman W. , Nauwynck Hans J.
Published: September 2019

The ancestral equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1), closely related to human herpes viruses, exploits leukocytes to reach its target organs, accordingly evading the immune surveillance system. Circulating EHV1 strains can be divided into abortigenic/neurovirulent, causing reproductive/neurological disorders. Neurovirulent EHV1 more efficiently recruits monocytic CD172a+ cells to the upper respiratory tract (URT), while abortigenic EHV1 tempers monocyte migration. Whether similar results could be expected for T lymphocytes is not known. Therefore, we questioned whether differences in T cell recruitment could be associated with variations in cell tropism between both EHV1 phenotypes, and which viral proteins might be involved. The expression of CXCL9 and CXCL10 was evaluated in abortigenic/neurovirulent EHV1-inoculated primary respiratory epithelial cells (ERECs). The bioactivity of chemokines was tested with a functional migration assay. Replication of neurovirulent EHV1 in the URT resulted in an enhanced expression/bioactivity of CXCL9 and CXCL10, compared to abortigenic EHV1. Interestingly, deletion of glycoprotein 2 resulted in an increased recruitment of both monocytic CD172a+ cells and T lymphocytes to the corresponding EREC supernatants. Our data reveal a novel function of EHV1-gp2, tempering leukocyte migration to the URT, further indicating a sophisticated virus-mediated orchestration of leukocyte recruitment to the URT.
Identification of peptide domains involved in the subcellular localization of the feline coronavirus 3b protein
Authors: Acar Delphine D. , Stroobants Veerle J. E. , Favoreel Herman , Saelens Xavier , Nauwynck Hans J.
Published: September 2019

Feline coronavirus (FCoV) has been identified as the aetiological agent of feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a highly fatal systemic disease in cats. FCoV open reading frame 3 (ORF3) encodes accessory proteins 3a, 3b and 3 c. The FCoV 3b accessory protein consists of 72 amino acid residues and localizes to nucleoli and mitochondria. The present work focused on peptide domains within FCoV 3b that drive its intracellular trafficking. Transfection of different cell types with FCoV 3b fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) or 3×FLAG confirmed localization of FCoV 3b in the mitochondria and nucleoli. Using serial truncated mutants, we showed that nucleolar accumulation is controlled by a joint nucleolar and nuclear localization signal (NoLS/NLS) in which the identified overlapping pat4 motifs (residues 53–57) play a critical role. Mutational analysis also revealed that mitochondrial translocation is mediated by N-terminal residues 10–35, in which a Tom20 recognition motif (residues 13–17) and two other overlapping hexamers (residues 24–30) associated with mitochondrial targeting were identified. In addition, a second Tom20 recognition motif was identified further downstream (residues 61–65), although the mitochondrial translocation evoked by these residues seemed less efficient as a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution was also observed. Assessing the spatiotemporal distribution of FCoV 3b did not provide convincing evidence of dynamic shuttling behaviour between the nucleoli and the mitochondria.
Alternative steel lattice structures for wind energy converters
Authors: Jovasevic Slobodanka , Correia José , Pavlovic Marko , Dantas Rita , Rebelo Carlos , Veljkovic Milan , de Jesus Abilio M.P.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

In the last decades, the demand and use of renewable energies have been increasing. The increase in renewable energies, particularly wind energy, leads to the development and innovation of powerful wind energy converters as well as increased production requirements. Hence, a higher supporting structure is required to achieve higher wind speed with less turbulence. To date, the onshore wind towers with tubular connections are the most used. The maximum diameter of this type of tower is limited by transportation logistics. The purpose of this paper is to propose an alternative wind turbine lattice structure based on half-pipe steel connections.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, a new concept of steel hybrid tower has been proposed. The focus of this work is the development of a lattice structure. Therefore, the geometry of the lattice part of the tower is assessed to decrease the number of joints and bolts. The sections used in the lattice structure are constructed in a polygonal shape. The elements are obtained by cold forming and bolted along the length. The members are connected by gusset plates and preloaded bolts. A numerical investigation of joints is carried out using the finite element (FE) software ABAQUS.

Findings

Based on the proposed study, the six “legs” solution with K braces under 45° angle and height/spread ratio of 4/1 and 5/1 provides the most suitable balance between the weight of the supporting structure, number of bolts in joints and reaction forces in the foundations, when compared with four “legs” solution.

Originality/value

In this investigation, the failure modes of elements and joints of an alternative wind turbine lattice structures, as well as the rotation stiffness of the joints, are determined. The FE results show good agreement with the analytical calculation proposed by EC3-1-8 standard.
Dysautonomia and Headache in the Pediatric Population
Authors: Wig Rebecca , Oakley Christopher B.
Published: September 2019

Dysautonomia and headache are 2 common diagnoses within pediatric neurology; in the case of dysautonomia, a lack of consideration may lead to misdiagnosis. Despite being common conditions, there is a lot to learn about each individually as well as collectively. Many of the symptoms between headache and dysautonomia patients overlap making the diagnosis difficult. Migraine patients often exhibit symptoms of dysautonomia, namely postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS); yet these symptoms are overlooked or lumped in as a part of their migraine diagnosis. The distinction or coexistence between dysautonomia and headache is identified through a thorough history, a full exam, and an open mind. This is crucial for the treatment and outcomes of these patients. Struggles arise when critical treatment differences are overlooked because dysautonomia is not considered. In this review, we will look at the epidemiology of dysautonomia and headache with focus on POTS and migraine. We will then compare the clinical features of both conditions as well as some hypothesized pathophysiology overlaps. We will conclude by summarizing the diagnostic approach and multitiered treatment options for POTS and migraine.
The Importance of Customer Relationship Management in the Local Government Authorities in Zimbabwe
Authors: Chiguvi Douglas , Madondo Elvis , Dube Zenzo
Published: September 2019

The aim of the study was to to ascertain the respondent’s familiarity with the knowledge and importance of customer relationship management in the local government authorities, as well as to ascertain the extent of the relationship they have with citizens from acquisition, development, retention and termination of the relationship. Explanatory research approach and judgemental sampling were employed. Questionnaire was used to collect data from twenty one local government authorities in Zimbabwe. The findings of the study revealed that customer relationship management forms a powerful strategy that local government authorities should apply to manage long-term relationships with their key stakeholders. The researchers concluded that the local government authorities should establish and maintain long lasting relationships with their stakeholders, in order to be competitive and attract investment.
Development, Gender and Sport: Theorizing a Feminist Practice of the Capabilities Approach in Sport for Development
Authors: Zipp Sarah , Smith Tavis , Darnell Simon
Published: September 2019

Sport for development (SFD) research and practice has become more critically examined recently, with many scholars calling for better understanding ofhowandwhysport might contribute to the global development movement. Developing and refining theoretical approaches is key to unpacking the complexities of SFD. Yet, theory development in SFD is still relatively young and often relies on oversimplified theory of change models. In this article, the authors propose a new theoretical approach, drawing upon the capabilities approach and critical feminist perspectives. The authors contend that the capabilities approach is effective in challenging neoliberal ideologies and examining a range of factors that influence people’s lived experiences. They have woven a “gender lens” across the capabilities approach framework, as feminist perspectives are often overlooked, subjugated, or misunderstood. The authors also provide an adaptable diagrammatic model to support researchers and practitioners in applying this framework in the SFD context.
Taxonomic revision of the genus Tarmia Lindsey, 1925 stat. rev. (Hesperiidae: Hesperiinae: Hesperiini: Moncina) with the description of a new species from the Andes
Authors: DE MEDEIROS ADALBERTO DANTAS , WARREN ANDREW D. , DOLIBAINA DIEGO RODRIGO , CARNEIRO EDUARDO , MIELKE OLAF HERMANN HENDRIK , CASAGRANDE MIRNA MARTINS
Published: September 2019

The genus Tarmia Lindsey, 1925, long considered a junior synonym of Phanes Godman, 1901, is here revised and its status is revalidated based on morphological evidence. Two Andean species are included in Tarmia: the type species, T. monastica Lindsey, 1925 comb. rev., and a new species herein described, Tarmia greeneyi A. Warren, Medeiros, Dolibaina & O. Mielke sp. nov., from Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. The male’s symmetrical valvae and aedeagus with a twisted median portion, and the very wide ductus bursae of the female genitalia support Tarmia as valid genus apart of Phanes. Illustrations of the main diagnostic characters of both sexes and a distribution map are provided for the species of Tarmia.
Morphological description and DNA barcoding of Hydrobaenus laticaudus Sæther, 1976 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from Amur River basin (Russian Far East)
Authors: MAKARCHENKO EUGENYI A.  , MAKARCHENKO MARINA A. , SEMENCHENKO ALEXANDER A.
Published: September 2019

Illustrated redescription of adult male and description for the first time of pupa and fourth instar larva, as well as DNA barcoding, of Hydrobaenus laticaudus Sæther in comparison with close related known species of Hydrobaenus Fries, and an updated part of a key to species of Hydrobaenus from the Russian Far East are provided. A reference 658 bp barcode sequence from a fragment of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I (COI) was used as a tool for species delimitation. For the estimation of interspecific distances and constructing detailed Bayesian tree within Hydrobaenus, we have obtained DNA barcoding for the two other species, H. distinctus and Hydrobaenus sp.1. The intraspecific sequence divergence of H. laticaudus based on the Kimura-2-parameter (K2P) distance ranged from 0.0–0.031, whereas the interspecific sequence divergence based on the K2P distance ranged from 0.106-0.197% between H. laticaudus and other species of genus Hydrobaenus. The well-supported monophyly as well as results of an ABGD analysis confirms the validity of H. laticaudus.
A new species of Sarmydus Pascoe, 1867 (Cerambycidae: Prioninae: Anacolini) from Nicobar Island, India
Authors: MAJUMDER AMITAVA , DRUMONT ALAIN , CHANDRA KAILASH , DUBEY ANIL KUMAR
Published: September 2019

The adult male and female of a new species of longhorn beetle, Sarmydus nicobarensis sp. nov. are described from the Great Nicobar and Camorta Islands, India. Illustrations of habitus and male genitalia of the new species, as well as photographs of the holotype of S. paukstadtorum Drumont, 2011 are provided.
Intimate partner physical violence and associated factors in reproductive age married women in Aksum Town, Tigray, Ethiopia 2018, and community based study
Authors: Girmay Alem , Mariye Teklewoini , Bahrey Degena , Hailu Berihu , Iyasu Assefa , G/medhin G/amlak , Demisse Binyam , Teklay Girmay
Published: September 2019

Objective

As reports indicated about 1 in 3 of women worldwide have experienced physical violence but there is no enough reports on the current status of the act in Aksum town so this study intended to identify the prevalence and factors associated with physical violence of reproductive age married women in Aksum town Tigray Ethiopia.

Result

A total of 398 women were enrolled in the study and making a response rate of 100%. 112 (28.1%) women had physical violence in their lifetime. Educational level of women (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI 1.28, 6.7), Occupation of women’s (AOR = 3.8; 95% CI 2.32, 12.8), age of husband (AOR = 5.2; 95% CI 2.3, 11.5), husbands having other wife (AOR = 7.8; 95% CI 4.2, 18.9) and husbands having alcohol habits (AOR = 3.8; 95% CI 1.74, 14.7) had significant association with physical violence.
Doubt and dogmatism in Cicero’s Academica
Authors: Skvirsky Alexandre
Published: September 2019

The objective is to show the peculiar way in which Cicero’s philosophical thinking is original and distances itself from the main representatives of the New Academy: the Roman thinker does not practice epoche, nor does he assign any special role to it in his thought. Instead, Cicero introduces the concept of doubt to characterize his own way of thinking.
Projeto de extensão “Bem Gestar”
Authors: Farias Kalyne Vitorino de Oliveira , Souza Leiliane Silva de , Lima Edjancley Teixeira de , Trigueiro Janaína von Söhsten
Published: September 2019

Este relato de experiência apresenta os resultados de uma ação realizada em dezembro de 2017 no município de Cuité, na Paraíba, pelo projeto de extensão intitulado “Bem Gestar”, da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande. Teve por objetivo observar o conhecimento prévio das participantes do grupo Bem Gestar sobre o puerpério; incentivar o conhecimento dos processos que abrangem o ciclo gravídico-puerperal; estimular e fornecer orientações essenciais em relação aos hábitos saudáveis durante esse período; bem como propiciar momentos de orientação e compartilhamento de conhecimentos e experiências. A metodologia aplicada buscou valorizar o senso comum e os saberes populares. Utilizou-se a modalidade roda de conversa e a ação se deu em três etapas: acolhimento; discussão da temática; e avaliação. Diante dos resultados da atividade educativa, percebemos que a educação em saúde é uma poderosa ferramenta de sensibilização e disseminação de informações, visto que, a partir da avaliação foi visualizado que as participantes do projeto conseguiram compreender o tema e sanar suas dúvidas. Espera-se que este relato inspire a continuação de projetos dessa natureza e proporcione novas ideias para melhorar o desenvolvimento do conhecimento para esse público, buscando a educação em saúde a partir do ciclo gravídico-puerperal até outras etapas da vida.
Das Babinetsche Prinzip der Optik
Authors: Meixner Josef
Published: September 2019

Abstrakt

Es wird gezeigt, daß sich das Babinet sehe Prinzip auch auf strenge Lösungen des elektromagnetischen Beugungsproblems übertragen läßt, wenn der beugende Schirm und der komplementäre Schirm eben und vollkommen leitend sind. Mit Hilfe dieses Prinzips kann aus dem elektromagnetischen Feld des einen Beugungsproblems das des komplementären Beugungsproblems für jeden Raumpunkt unmittelbar und in Strenge gewonnen werden.
Zur Beeinflussung der Transportphänomene dipolloser Gase durch elektrische Felder
Authors: Becker Erwin Willy
Published: September 2019

Es wird die Wirkung eines radialen elektrischen Feldes auf den Wärmeübergang zwischen zwei waagerecht liegenden konzentrischen Rohren in Stickstoff und Kohlen-säure bei 16 atm untersucht. Bei gleichem Vorzeichen von Feld-und Temperatur-gradient zeigt sich eine Vergrößerung, bei entgegengesetztem eine Verminderung des Wärme-Überganges in der Größenordnung von 40%. Die Umkehrbarkeit des Effektes und das Ergebnis einer Berechnung beweisen, daß der Vorgang auf Elektrostriktion beruht, und daß eine erhebliche Beeinflussung der Wärme-Leitung nicht vorliegt. Die Feststellung, daß die Transportphänomene dipolloser Gase selbst von den bei hohem Druck erreichbaren Feldstärken nicht merklich beeinflußt werden, wird durch eine Untersuchung der Zähigkeit von Kohlensäure und Luft bei 16 atm bestätigt. Ein in-homogenes Feld mit einer mittleren Stärke von 90 kV/cm bewirkt keine Änderung der inneren Reibung, die größer wäre als ±0,5%. Es wird gezeigt, wie die Beeinflussung des Wärme-Überganges zur Bestimmung der Dielektrizitätskonstante von Gasen ver-wendet werden kann.
Eine neue quantenmechanische Behandlung von CH4 und NH4
+
Authors: Hartmann Hermann
Published: September 2019

CH4 und NH4
+werden quantenmechanisch als Pseudo-Neon-Atome nach einer Methode behandelt, die der Slaterschen Methode für Atome entspricht. Die Eigenfunktionen nullter Näherung werden aus Eigenfunktionen eines Zentralproblems aufgebaut. Es er-gibt sich sehr gute Übereinstimmung mit den empirischen Daten über -Atomabstände, Suszeptibilitäten und das C-H-Bindungsmoment.
Geometrie und Kristallphysik einer Röntgenlinse für monochromatische Strahlung
Authors: Hoppe Walter , Trurnit Hans Jochen
Published: September 2019

Es wird die Geometrie und Kristallphysik einer Linse für monochromatische Röntgenstrahlung behandelt, die durch Überziehen von Rotationsformkörpern mit Kristallschichten entsteht. Von den durch Biegung von Kristallen erhaltenen Röntgenabbildungssystemen unterscheidet sich die neue Linse vor allem durch Formung der abbildenden Netzebenen nach nichtabrollbaren Flächen. Dadurch erhält sie sehr gute geometrisch-optische Abbildungseigenschaften, rotationssymmetrischen Strahlengang für Achsenpunkte mit Gültigkeit der Linsengesetze und kann daher zur bequemen Ein-stellung mit Lichtlinsen gleicher Brennweite kombiniert werden. Sie hat aber wie alle Kristallinsen einen starken chromatischen Fehler (monochromatische Strahlung erforderlich) und eine "flächenhafte" Apertur, daher relativ geringe Lichtstärke. Es wird ein Weg zur Erreichung einer "räumlichen" Apertur angegeben. Eine maximale Auflösung von etwa 1 p. erscheint erreichbar.
Die Struktur aufsteigender H2 -O2 -Flammen
Authors: Böhm Günther , Clusius Klaus
Published: September 2019

Die Struktur aufsteigender Wasserstoff-Flammen kann durch die Zumischung von Chromylchlorid oder von Nickelcarbonyl sichtbar gemacht werden. Diese Verbindungen zerfallen in der Flammenfront unter Abscheidung fester, thermisch aufglühender Stoffe, so daß die Flammenkonturen genau erkennbar werden. Die Dichte, die Wärmeleitfähig-keit usw. des Gasgemisches wurde durch Zusätze von C02 , S02 , SiCU und SF6 sowie durch Änderung des Druckes variiert. Die aufsteigenden H2 -Flammen besitzen, wie schon früher vermutet, keine einheitliche Brennfläche, sondern eine durch Diffusions-und Strömungsvorgänge bedingte Struktur der Flammenfront, die je nach den Konzen-trationsverhältnissen alle Abstufungen von völliger Geschlossenheit bis zum Zerfall in viele Einzelflammen durchläuft. Die Zahl dieser Flämmchen läßt sich mit ihrem Durchmesser in einen elementaren Zusammenhang bringen. Außerdem läßt sich zeigen, daß schon die Aufwärtsbewegung des einzelnen Flämmc-hens ein turbulenter Vorgang ist.
“The Drug Will Help Protect My Tomorrow”: Perceptions of Integrating PrEP into HIV Prevention Behaviors Among Female Sex Workers in Lilongwe, Malawi
Authors: Shea Jaclyn , Bula Agatha , Dunda Wezzie , Hosseinipour Mina C. , Golin Carol E. , Hoffman Irving F. , Miller William C. , Go Vivian F. , Lungu Thandie , Lancaster Kathryn E.
Published: September 2019

Female sex workers (FSW) are disproportionately at risk for HIV. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective HIV prevention method, yet approaches for incorporating PrEP within prevention strategies used by FSW are lacking. Semistructured focus group discussions were conducted with 44 HIV-negative FSW in Lilongwe, Malawi to explore perceptions of PrEP: acceptability, integration within HIV prevention behaviors, and barriers to use. Acceptability of PrEP was high. Motivation to use PrEP was rooted in love for one's life, anticipated negative economic effects associated with HIV acquisition. PrEP was viewed as complementary to existing norms for engaging in healthy sexual behaviors. Many felt PrEP may provide extra protection from HIV, along with condoms and frequent STI testing. Unpredictable daily lives, stigma, and side effects were barriers that could affect PrEP use. Leveraging existing HIV prevention strategies and social norms surrounding HIV prevention behaviors may positively impact PrEP uptake among FSW in Malawi and sub-Saharan Africa.
Collective Coping Strategies for HIV-Related Challenges Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Manila, Philippines
Authors: Adia Alexander C. , Ng Michelle J. , Quilantang Ma Irene , Restar Arjee J. , Hernandez Laufred I. , Imperial Reynaldo H. , Nazareno Jennifer , Operario Don
Published: September 2019

Contextual factors, such as cultures of collectivism versus individualism, shape HIV coping strategies; despite this, little research regarding collective coping strategies applied to HIV exists. This may be important for the growing HIV epidemic in the Philippines, which has a collectivistic culture and where men who have sex with men (MSM) account for a majority of the cases. Fifteen semistructured, in-depth interviews with HIV-positive MSM and 6 interviews with community-based organization workers were conducted between June and August 2017. Data were analyzed using thematic framework analysis. Three strategies were identified: peer support, spirituality, and support from existing relationships. Each form of collective coping had unique mechanisms and benefits for dealing with HIV. Overall, helping MSM with HIV find a collective identity after an HIV diagnosis enables management of HIV-related challenges. Policies and research interventions that improve access to collective identities for MSM with HIV may improve management of HIV-related challenges.
Avaliação da toxicidade aguda do extrato das cascas de Pithecellobium cochliocarpum (Gomez) Macbr.
Authors: Lima C.M.P. , Soares R.P.F , Bastos I.V.G.A. , Grangeiro A.R.S. , Gurgel A.P.A.D. , Silva A.C.P. , Silva J.G. , Oliveira R.A.G. , Souza I.A
Published: September 2019

O uso popular, e mesmo o tradicional, não são suficientes para validar as plantas medicinais como medicamentos eficazes e seguros. Para melhor entendimento, é necessário avaliar a relação risco/benefício de seu uso, por meio de estudos toxicológicos. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi estimar a toxicidade aguda do extrato etanólico das cascas secas de Pithecellobium cochliocarpum (Gomez) Macbr através da obtenção da dose letal (DL50) em roedores, e da Concentração letal (CL50) frente à Artemia salina Leach. Foram realizados experimentos por via oral e intraperitoneal utilizando camundongos fêmeas albinos Swiss (Mus musculus) (n=6). Por via oral foram administradas 3 doses (1.000, 3.000 e 5.000 mg Kg-1) e por via entraperitoneal, 5 doses (155, 160, 176, 345,6 e 414,72 Kg-1). Os sinais comportamentais foram avaliados durante uma hora após a administração do extrato, ficando em observação até 48 horas. O número de óbitos foi quantificado para posterior cálculo da DL50. A administração por via intraperitoneal foi realizada em intervalo de 5 minutos para cada animal. Nos ensaios de toxicidade por via oral a solução foi introduzida por via intragástrica através de cânula metálica acoplada a seringa (gavagem) no mesmo intervalo de tempo utilizado pela via intraperitoneal. Os animais do grupo de administração oral apresentaram algumas reações, porém não letais até a dose de 5.000 mg Kg-1. A DL50 para a via intraperitoneal foi 257, 49 mg Kg-1 (muito tóxico, grau 4) (Schuartsman, 1980). A CL50 (543,5 µg Kg-1) demonstrou ser tóxica frente à A. salina. Conclui-se que sob condições agudas de exposição, o extrato do Pithecellobium cochliocarpum é um agente tóxico, devendo ser considerado como tal, dependendo da dose administrada ou absorvida, do etempo e frequência de exposição e das vias de administração.
The Cultural Factors in the MOOC Design in China from Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions
Authors: Yang Xin
Published: September 2019

With their massiveness and openness, Moocs have become one of the most widespread and influential online learning forms, which leads to the fact that more and more designers with different cultural backgrounds are getting involved in the course design. As a result, the Mooc design such as the styles of the organization and presentation may correspondingly be influenced by cultural values of the designers, and then become barriers for learners. In order to locate the cultural influence reflected in the Mooc design in China, the introductory videos of three courses published on Coursera, which are designed by three well-known universities in China, are sampled for analysis from the aspects of power distance, individualism/collectivism and masculinity/femininity within the framework of Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. The findings indicate that the cultural features of the high-power distance, collectivism and femininity have shown their influence on the designing of these courses.
Violência e Barbárie : um pequeno estudo sobre as origens remotas do bolsonarismo
Authors: Menegat Marildo
Published: September 2019

O autor se propõe a pensar as condições que tornam possível conceber a violência nos últimos 40 anos como uma tendência à barbárie. Partindo de ELIAS, o autor articula o tempo presente com o conceito de crise de KURZ. O resultado é parte da história recente do Brasil. A violência passa a ser entendida como a estruturação de uma gestão policialesca do cotidiano em colapso, iniciada ainda no período da ditadura militar. Nos anos 1990 ela atingiu proporções de uma guerra civil de novo tipo. Recentemente, na medida em que a barbárie se aprofundou, os “profissionais da violência” - parte desde sempre constitutiva deste estado catastrófico - se apresentaram como uma alternativa de governo: uma espécie de gestão miliciana do caos, ou, se se preferir: uma gestão imediata da barbárie. O artigo também pode ser lido como um estudo introdutório às origens e significados remotos do bolsonarismo.
RESULTS OF THE 70-YEAR RESEARCH AT THE INTERFACE OF FORESTRY AND SOIL SCIENCE
Authors: Migunova E. S.
Published: September 2019

The main results of studying the effect of artificial woody vegetation on chernozem are briefly described in the article, as well as the influence of soil and soil condition on composition and productivity of forest plantations. The effect of soil salinity on plant growth is characterized. The toxicity of different groups of readily soluble salts, especially chlorides and soda, has been evaluated. The decisive role of the depth of toxic amounts of chlorides and the level of water availability in the soil usability has been established. The ecological series of water availability for plants in different soil types have been developed and the degree of suitability of groundwater of different salinity has been evaluated. The power of the root zone as a limiting factor has been estimated, as far as the level of mineral elements supply for plant nutrition (trophicity) in the soil is determined by the greatest total amounts of phosphorus and potassium in the root zone (excluding potassium enclosed in feldspar lattices). All the intrazonal diversity of nature is due to the nutrient status and moisture content in the soil. Along with the warmth level these limiting resources develop one or another level of soil fertility. The role of subsurface runoff in the formation of forest-steppe landscapes is characterized. The stages and phases of the primary soil-forming process are highlighted. It is argued that soil zonality results from bioinert nature of the soil. The article substantiates the statement that soil fertility is a factor ensuring the stability of life on Earth; and the ways of promoting Soil Science at the level of the theoretical basis for agriculture have been proposed.
KONSTRUKSI GENDER MELALUI REPRESENTASI ALAM DALAM PUISI POST SCRIPTUM KARYA TOETY HERATY DAN THE SNAKE CHARMER KARYA SAROJINI NAIDU
Authors: Nastiti Nimas Diah Putri Ayu Dewi , Basri Syaiful Qadar
Published: September 2019

Perempuan dianggap memiliki hubungan spesial dengan alam. Hubungan spesial tersebut dapat dilihat dalam kata “Ibu Pertiwi”. Kata “Pertiwi”  memiliki arti “Bumi” dan disandingkan dengan kata “Ibu” sebagai sebuah ungkapan yang menunjukkan perempuan sering dikaitkan dengan alam. Kedekatan tersebut dapat dianggap sebagai sebuah anugerah sekaligus bentuk stereotip. Tulisan ini menganalisis dua puisi Post Scriptum karya Toety Heraty dan The Snake Charmer karya Sarojini Naidu. Melalui dua karya tersebut, penelitian ini melihat cara perempuan direpresentasi melalui simbolisasi alam sehingga dapat menjawab apakah kedekatan perempuan dan alam merupakan konstruksi sosial ataukah bentuk yang sebenarnya. Tulisan ini menemukan bahwa hubungan perempuan dan alam dalam puisi Post Scriptum merupakan hal yang tidak patut untuk dirayakan. Pengaitan alam dan perempuan menunjukkan adanya operasi kuasa niliai-nilai sosial (Cultural Ecofeminism). Puisi The Snake Charmer  ditemukan bahwa hubungan alam dan perempuan merupakan hal istimewa yang menunjukkan keagungan dan kesucian perempuan (Essentialism Ecofeminism). Dalam konteks ini, analisis kedua puisi dikaitkan dengan konteks budaya yang melatarbelakangi penulisan karya.
KEMENANGAN DONALD TRUMP SEBAGAI PRESIDEN AMERIKA SERIKAT KE-45 MELALUI ANALISIS KONSTRUKSI KLAUSA RELATIF BAHASA INGGRIS DAN BAHASA INDONESIA SECARA SEMANTIS
Authors: Aini Aldila Arin , Bastiar Islamiah , Sumarlam S.
Published: September 2019

This research aims (1) to comprehend the relative construction of English and Indonesia language on some texts relating to Donald Trump is elected as the 45th President of USA in 2016 semantically, and (2) to describe the analysis of relative constructive clauses between English and Indonesia language semantically. The research method is descriptive qualitative. Meanwhile, method of collecting data is agih method and the techniques are substitution, expand, interuption, and mutation. Based on the texts relating to Donald Trump is elected as the President of USA in 2016, it is found that the analysis of relative constructive clause of English and Indonesia language is based on the use of conjunction. In Indonesia language texts, there is one conjuction, namely: “yang”, meanwhile in English language texts, there are five conjuctions, namely: “who, whom, which, whose, and that”. If it is viewed from its semantics adjacent, relative clause can be divided into two sections based on its orthographics, namely: (1) restrictive relative clause which refers to the explained antecedent or as the integral unity from antecedent and unmarked by comma, and (2) non-restrictive relative clause as the additional information from antecedent explained and marked by comma.
MORALITAS ASKETISME SYEKH SITI JENAR: STUDI TRILOGI SYEKH SITI JENAR KARYA AGUS SUNYOTO
Authors: Sujadi Agus
Published: September 2019

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Sheikh Siti Jenar is a sensational figure through his teachings that are monotheistic. It is not so when reading the novel trilogy by Agus Sunyoto. The spiritual aspects of religion, which are presented can be said to be logical when viewed through the angle of asceticism. Research studies conducted in the form of text with the approach of critical discourse analysis (CDA). The data collected from the text unit of the novel trilogy of Sheikh Siti Jenar by Agus Sunyoto. The result of this research is, asceticism as individual morale leads to social and political morale. And the ascetic ethos of Sheikh Siti Jenar as a human person provides the impetus and limitation to act in his daily behavior. So the ascetic morality of Sheikh Siti Jenar has a general and expansive character.

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">

<span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Keywords: <span style="font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Moralitas, Asketisme, Syekh Siti Jenar, Islam, Novel
Responsabilidade civil do Estado por danos decorrentes de atividades do terceiro setor
Authors: Cristóvam José Sérgio Da Silva , Costa Mateus Stallivieri da , Moraes Arthur Bobsin de
Published: September 2019

O estudo pretende promover uma revisão bibliográfica, pela via da pesquisa documental qualitativa e prescritiva, sobre o tema da responsabilidade civil do Estado em decorrência de atividades do terceiro setor. Tal empreitada desponta com especial relevo, inclusive, ante a crescente importância do chamado terceiro setor no desempenho de uma gama cada vez maior de atividades afetas ao Poder Público. Por meio da metodologia dedutiva, o desenvolvimento do estudo passa por três momentos principais: primeiro, com a recuperação histórica da responsabilidade civil do Estado e a consolidação da modalidade objetiva fundada no risco administrativo; segundo, com o debate em torno dos conceitos gerais e a classificação dos entes pertencentes ao terceiro setor; terceiro, com a conjugação das duas temáticas e a discussão sobre a possibilidade de responsabilização estatal por eventuais danos decorrentes de atividades daquelas entidades privadas. Ao final, o estudo conclui pela fixação de uma regra geral de ausência da responsabilização estatal, mas sem desconsiderar a possibilidade inversa em determinados casos, em especial quando a entidade privada assume a prestação de serviços públicos em nome do Estado, o que pode redundar na configuração das bases para um regime de responsabilidade estatal subsidiária objetiva.
Mining TCGA database for prognostic genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma microenvironment
Authors: Ran Qiuchi , Long Shengrong , Ye Yan , Sunchuri Diwas , Liang Hong , Guo Zhuling
Published: September 2019

Background Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. Many previous reports have already shown that the extent of infiltrating immune and stromal cells in tumor tissues and the tumor microenvironment (TME) cells play a significant role in the overall prognosis. Methods The convenient access to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database facilitates global gene expression profiling and database mining in a large‐scale for potential correlation between genes and overall survival of a variety of malignancies including HNSCC. The quantification of the immune and stromal components in tumor tissues could be facilitated by calculating mmune scores and stromal scores on the basis of Estimation of stromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumor tissues using Expression data (ESTIMATE) algorithm could facilitate the quantification of the immune and stromal components in tumor tissues. The effects of genes involved in immune and stromal cells on prognosis were categorized. Prognosis associated genes of HNSCC patients were further identified. Result This study showed that GIMAP6, SELL, TIFAB, KCNA3, P2RY8 and CCR4 may mediate immune response, extracellular matrix, and immunoglobulin binding via neutrophil activation in HNSCC. Conclusion Depicting a comprehensive landscape of the TME characteristics of HNSCC may therefore help to interpret the responses of HNSCC to immunotherapies and provide new strategies for the treatment of cancers.
Continuous renal replacement therapy without anticoagulation in critically ill patients at high risk of bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Bai Ming , Yu Yan , Chen Xiaolan , Zhao Lijuan , Chen Xiangmei
Published: September 2019

Abstract Background: Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has been widely used in the critical care setting and anticoagulation is usually necessitated. However, critically ill patients are commonly at incremental risk of bleeding, which contributed to the hesitation of anticoagulant use for CRRT in clinical practice. The current guideline recommended CRRT proceed without anticoagulation in patients with contraindication to citrate and increased bleeding risk. Nevertheless, the efficacy of anticoagulation-free CRRT remains inconsistent. Therefore, the purpose of our present systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of anticoagulant-free CRRT based on the current literatures. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed (US National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA), Cochrane Library databases and EMBASE from database inception to January 12, 2019 for potential candidate studies. Studies included adult critically ill (age > 18 years) patients with increased bleeding risk, and underwent CRRT without anticoagulation were considered for the inclusion. Results: Finally, 17 observational studies and 3 randomized controlled trials with 1615 patients were included in our present meta-analysis. There was no significant difference in filter lifespan between the anticoagulation-free and systemic heparin group. The filter lifespan was significantly prolonged in the citrate (WMD -23.01, 95%CI [-28.62, -17.39], P < 0.001; I 2 = 0%, P = 0.53) and nafamostat (WMD -8.4, 95%CI [-9.9, -6.9], P < 0.001; I 2 = 33.7%, P = 0.21) groups, compared with anticoagulation-free group. The averaged filter lifespan of the anticoagulation-free CRRT ranged from 10.2 to 52.5 hours. Conclusion: The filter lifespan in anticoagulation-free patients with increased bleeding risk was comparable to that in patients without increased bleeding risk underwent systemic heparin anticoagulation CRRT. Nafamostat was not recommended for CRRT anticoagulation due to its drawbacks. Currently, the optimal choice of anticoagulation strategy for critically ill patients without citrate contraindications at high risk of bleeding should be regional citrate anticoagulation. Further studies should focus on the special cut-off value of activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), international normalized ratio (INR) and platelet (PLT) count, at which the anticoagulation-free CRRT would be beneficial. Key words: Anticoagulation, critically ill patients, continuous renal replacement therapy, filter failure, bleeding
Polymorphisms of the MTHFR Gene in Mothers of Children with Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome) in a Polish Population
Authors: Czechowicz Paulina , Malodobra-Mazur Malgorzata , Cukierska Karolina , Lebioda Arleta , Jonkisz Anna , Dobosz Tadeusz , Smigiel Robert
Published: September 2019

Background:
Down Syndrome (DS) is the most frequent cause of intellectual disability. In 95% of cases, it is caused by simple trisomy of chromosome 21 resulting from nondisjunction of chromosomes in meiotic division. Currently, the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for the phenomenon of nondisjunction are unknown. In this paper, we evaluated the incidence of five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MTHFR gene in a population of Polish mothers who had given birth to children with trisomy 21 in comparison with a control group of women with healthy offspring.
Methods:
The test material comprised venous blood collected from mothers who had given birth to a child with Down syndrome (study group, n = 130) as well as from women who had given birth to children without trisomy 21 (control group, n = 88). DNA was isolated using a kit manufactured by Qiagen. Amplification was carried out using a Qiagen Multiplex PCR Kit (Qiagen); genotyping was performed using SNaPshot Genotyping MasterMix (Applied Biosystems).
Results:
No statistically significant differences were observed in the frequency of genotypes between the examined groups in terms of the polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene. Conclusions: In the studied Polish population, no relationship was found between the occurrence of particular genotypes of the MTHFR gene, i.e. 677CT, 1298AC, rs3737964, rs4846048, and rs1994798, in women and the birth of children with trisomy 21. The results contradict the validity of research on polymorphisms of the MTHFR gene as potential predisposing factors for the occurrence of trisomy 21 in children.
Maternal Testosterone Levels During Pregnancy Are Not associated with Birth Weights of Offspring: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: XU GUFENG , Sun Li-Juan , Yang Mei-Ling , Liao Yun , Chen Yuan , Wang Ya-Yun , Li Jun-Qin , Liu Miao-E , Chen Guang-Di , Luo Qiong
Published: September 2019

Background Testosterone is an important sex hormone which participates in many physiological processes. However, there is conflicting evidence on effect of testosterone on fetal development. We aim to investigate the associations between maternal testosterone levels and pregnancy outcomes.Design and Methods We conducted a prospective cohort in a university-affiliated hospital. A total of 1,087 singleton pregnant women were included in the study. They were followed-up until delivery. The primary outcome was birth weight. The second outcomes were the prevalence of preterm birth, low birth weight, small for gestational age, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes, and low APGAR score (<7).Results We did not observe any significant association between maternal testosterone level and birth weight after adjustment. Prevalence of medical complications was also not associated with maternal testosterone levels.Conclusions Maternal testosterone levels during pregnancy is not associated with birth weights as well as the prevalence of medical complications.