bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microparticle-associated tissue factor is recycled by endothelial cells resulting in enhanced surface tissue factor activity
Authors: Xiao Yupei , Maraveyas Anthony , Collier Mary E. W. , Mah Pui-Mei , Ettelaie Camille
Published: August 2013

In this study the uptake of tissue factor (TF)-positive microparticles by endothelial cells and the recycling of the TF component were examined. Human dermal blood endothelial cells (HDBEC) were incubated with microparticles derived from cancer cell lines for up to 6 hours. Measurement of HDBEC cell surface TF antigen revealed two distinct peaks at 30 and 180–240 minutes post-incubation with TF-positive, but not TF-deficient microparticles. However, only the second peak was concurrent with high TF activity as determined by a chromogenic thrombin-generation assay. Annexin V-labelling of HDBEC showed phosphatidylserine exposure following 90 minutes incubation with microparticles, which explains the high TF activity associated with the second antigen peak. Analysis of TF mRNA levels revealed no de novo expression of TF mRNA in response to microparticles, and pre-incubation of cells with cycloheximide did not prevent the appearance of TF. However, blocking endocytosis with a dynamin inhibitor prolonged the disappearance and prevented the reappearance of TF antigen on the cell surface. Incubation of HDBEC with microparticles containing TF-GFP revealed the early co-localisation of TF with Rab4 and Rab5, followed by co-localisation with the late endosomal/trans-Golgi network marker Rab9, and the recycling endosome marker Rab11. siRNAmediated suppression of Rab11 reduced the reappearance of TF on the cell surface. These data suggest a mechanism by which TF-containing microparticles are internalised by endothelial cells and the TF moiety recycled to the cell surface. Together with the exposure of phosphatidylserine, this is capable of inducing a substantial increase in the procoagulant potential of the surface of endothelial cells.
A worldwide survey to assess the current approach to the treatment of patients with cancer and venous thromboembolism
Authors: Aggarwal Anita , Geer Annemarie van de , Faselis Charles , Büller Harry R. , Di Nisio Marcello , Rickles Frederick R. , Kamphuisen Pieter , Kleinjan Ankie
Published: August 2013

Low-molecular-weight heparin (LWMH) is recommended as the preferred anticoagulant treatment over vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with cancer. However, there is uncertainty about the duration and dose of LMWH treatment. Therefore, we designed this multinational survey to assess the current approach to the treatment of patients with cancer and VTE. An electronic survey tool was used to disseminate a survey containing 49 questions on different aspects of the treatment of patients with cancer and VTE, among both thrombosis and non-thrombosis specialists. A total of 229 invitations were sent, and 141 completed the survey (60% of the total). Fifty-eight percent of the respondents were from Europe, 35% from the US and the remaining 7% from other countries. Respondent’s specialties included haematology (23%), oncology (18%), pulmonology (15%) and general internal medicine (15%). LMWH was indicated as the first choice for the long-term treatment by 82% of the respondents, of whom 60% used full therapeutic doses and 40% chose a dose reduction. When continuing anticoagulants after the long-term treatment period, 44% of respondents preferred LMWH, 10% VKA, while the remaining 45% chose per individual patient for either LMWH or VKA. In conclusion, we observed a relatively high observance rate of the guidelines with respect to the use of LMWH for the long-term treatment of VTE in cancer. In contrast, the dose of LMWH and the type of anticoagulant chosen after the initial 3–12 months varied substantially, probably reflecting the limited available evidence.
TOPOGRAPHIES OF PRODUCTION IN NORTH AFRICAN CITIES DURING THE VANDAL AND BYZANTINE PERIODS
Authors: Leone Anna
Published: August 2013

An important characteristic of North African cities in Late Antiquity is the appearance of structures relating to artisanal production in unusual settings, often in former public buildings. In this paper I argue for developing a study of this sector, looking not only at products, such as pottery, but also at productive structures and their wider urban location. Archaeological evidence from Tunisia and Tripolitania is analysed, dating from Vandal, Byzantine and also, occasionally, Early Islamic times, relating principally to murex dyeing, fish salting, olive oil production and pottery manufacturing. Lime kilns are also considered.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY AND VISUALISATION: THE VIEW FROM BYZANTIUM
Authors: Bayliss Richard
Published: August 2013

This paper will explore the relationship between the methodologies used in archaeology for recording buildings and landscapes and the development of computer visualisation technology, with specific reference to late antique and Byzantine archaeology. The principal aim is to highlight the applicability of visualisation technologies as the critical solutions to the presentation and investigation of survey data and reciprocally to demonstrate that meaningful computer visualisations benefit from a secure underpinning of archaeological survey data. My intention is to show that computer visualisation should not be seen solely as a vehicle for archaeological reconstruction but rather can be viewed as an integral part of the process of interpretation. The first of two case studies is the Anastasian Wall Project, a survey of a massive linear fortification in Turkish Thrace, which presented a series of practical problems both in terms of data capture and representation. The applicability of computer-based techniques for the integration and visualisation of various forms of survey data will be further investigated through the study of the Alacami, a multi-period Byzantine church in Cilicia, before some final comment is made on the current and potential roles of computer visualisation in Byzantine archaeology.
VALENZA DEL REIMPIEGO: IL CASO DI EFESO
Authors: Leggio Ida
Published: August 2013

Il reimpiego del materiale di spoglio ha caratterizzato l’attività edilizia a partire dall’età tardoantica. Al fenomeno si è riconosciuto finora un significato prettamente ideologico, per noi limitativo, perché basato non di rado sulla esclusiva osservazione di contesti monumentali cristiani. In questo contributo ci siamo proposti di verificare, attraverso le testimonianze archeologiche di complessi monumentali ‘laici’, nel caso particolare di Efeso ed altri siti dell’Asia Minore, se sia corretto riconoscere alla base del reimpiego di spolia motivazioni di natura unicamente ideologica, ad esempio leggendo nell’uso di spolia una rivalutazione del passato pagano, eventualmente con reinterpretazione in chiave cristiana, o, al contrario, non vi siano stati motivi più concreti. Nel contesto di tale indagine la scelta di Efeso non è stata casuale. La ricca documentazione che il sito presenta consente, infatti, di poter analizzare il reimpiego sotto le sue molteplici sfaccettature. Infatti, le differenti modalità con le quali gli spolia furono reimpiegate, nel corso dell’intensa attività edilizia che caratterizzò la città per ben due secoli, dal IV al VI, hanno permesso di riconoscere non solo quanto limitativa sia la sola interpretazione ideologica del fenomeno, ma, soprattutto, di evidenziare, almeno per questa prima fase, un significato più funzionale, se vogliamo utilitaristico.
EPIGRAPHIC DATA ON VILLAGE CULTURE AND SOCIAL INSTITUTIONS: AN INTERREGIONAL COMPARISON (SYRIA, PHOENICE LIBANENSIS AND ARABIA)
Authors: Trombley Frank R.
Published: August 2013

This paper is a comparative analysis of the rural epigraphy of four Late Roman provinces. It concentrates on inscriptions that reveal patterns of land ownership and secular building activity, along with the effects of the Late Roman civil administration on village life. Centrifugal cultural factors are noted, such as the vulgarisation of the Greek frontier dialects and the synoikistic intrusion of Arabic linguistic elements. The stationing of military forces in rural fortresses and billets is examined for its effect on provincial infrastructure and the burdens it imposed on village life.
CONSTRUCTING ROMAN IDENTITIES IN LATE ANTIQUITY? MATERIAL CULTURE ON THE WESTERN FRONTIER
Authors: Swift Ellen
Published: August 2013

Following recent theoretical redefinitions of concepts such as ethnic identity, this paper explores the possibility of using archaeological evidence to investigate Roman identities in the 4th to 5th c. western frontier provinces. The difficulties of the evidence and the complexities of studying identity through material culture are discussed. Possible approaches to the archaeological material are illustrated through a case study of the Rhine-Danube frontier in the 4th and 5th c. The use of material culture to create military identities at death for Roman soldiers on the frontier line is discussed, together with an analysis of the relationship of this military culture to subsequent weapon burials, and the use, by Germanic societies, of elite Roman and Byzantine objects to create ruling, martial identities in the 5th c.
ARCHITECTURE AND POWER: CHURCHES IN NORTHERN ITALY FROM THE 4TH TO THE 6TH C.
Authors: Wataghin Gisella Cantino
Published: August 2013

This paper considers the relationship between the development of monumental churches and the rise of Christian communities and episcopal power. Using a number of examples attested by archaeological and documentary evidence it examines how the increasing complexity of Christian architecture, decoration and liturgical arrangement reflects the growing power of the bishop and the developing hierarchical complexity of Christian communities. In conclusion it examines the changing role of Christian monumental architecture as a vehicle for articulating the changing power structures of the Church between the 4th and 6th c.
ARTISANS AND TRADERS IN THE EARLY BYZANTINE CITY: EXPLORING THE LIMITS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
Authors: Zanini Enrico
Published: August 2013

The application of research methodologies and strategies derived from western urban archaeology to Early Byzantine contexts renders traditionally obscure social groups, like the productive and commercial “middle class”, visible in the archaeological record. Working from both a re-examination of written sources and an assessment of new archaeological data, it seems possible to trace the evolution of the social and economic role of artisans and shopkeepers in the Early Byzantine city between the 5th and 7th centuries. At the same time, the investigation of such undetermined social groups calls for a reflection about the limits of archaeological knowledge and the need for closer interaction between different disciplines and research perspectives.
RURAL IMPOVERISHMENT IN NORTHERN GAUL AT THE END OF ANTIQUITY: THE CONTRIBUTION OF ARCHAEOLOGY
Authors: Ossel Paul van
Published: August 2013

The state of the rural population in Late Antiquity has traditionally-been described by textual scholars as one of crushing impoverishment, with a colonate suffering from social oppression. Archaeologists working in northern Gaul have tended to agree with this picture, on the basis of their field discoveries, yet the views of those textual scholars have now begun to change and recent archaeological work also suggests that new models are needed. A re-evaluation of both methodology and data results in a picture of continued economic and social complexity.
ARCHITECTURE AND CHURCH POWER IN LATE ANTIQUITY: CANOSA AND SAN GIUSTO (APULIA)
Authors: Volpe Giuliano
Published: August 2013

Two Early Christian complexes will be presented here: one urban (San Pietro in Canosa), and one rural (San Giusto in the territory of Lucera). Both cases represent clear evidence of the Christianising policy promoted by the Church in the cities and countryside, especially during the 5th and 6th centuries A.D., which led to a new definition of urban and rural landscapes. The Early Christian complex of San Pietro in Canosa—the most important city in Apulia et Calabria in Late Antiquity—and the Early Christian complex of San Giusto, most likely the seat of a rural diocese, are notable expressions of ecclesiastical power in the city and the countryside during the transitional period between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.
EPISKOPEIA IN ASIA MINOR
Authors: Ceylan Burcu
Published: August 2013

Although there are several complexes in Asia Minor which have been proposed as bishops residences, only Side, Miletus and Ephesus can be identified with certainty as episkopeia. This paper mainly focuses on these three examples, evaluating architectural elements in order to classify rooms and assess their usage. It will shed light on the physical surroundings of the late antique bishop and provide clues about his life. At the same time, the study will try to define the place of episkopeia in the architecture of the period and their physical position within the late antique city
PUBLIC USE AND PRIVACY IN LATE ANTIQUE HOUSES IN ASIA MINOR: THE ARCHITECTURE OF SPATIAL CONTROL
Authors: պgenel Lale
Published: August 2013

Large numbers of visitors frequented the town houses of influential patrons in Late Antiquity. The owners responded to this increased public access, and hence met their heightened need for privacy, by adopting certain architectural measures to isolate and/or redesign reception rooms, especially audience halls, which received unpredictable numbers of people of varying status. This paper looks at architectural and spatial features, such as planning, circulation, location, accessibility and design in late antique houses in Asia Minor. It outlines and comments upon the ways in which their reception spaces were designed and distinguished to control public intrusion and access.
THE URBAN DOMUS IN LATE ANTIQUE HISPANIA: EXAMPLES FROM EMERITA, BARCINO AND COMPLUTUM
Authors: Arce Javier , Chavarría Alexandra , Ripoll Gisela
Published: August 2013

This paper examines the characteristics, evolution and decline of the late antique domus of Spanish towns, using case studies from three cities: Augusta Emerita, Complutum and Barcino. It discusses how, during the 4th c. A.D., urban town houses were dramatically renovated and lavishly redecorated according to the tastes of their owners, the urban elites. These domus, which frequently replaced the public buildings and open spaces of the Early Roman era, acquired large, apsidal and basilical spaces, in many cases decorated with mosaics and paintings. This study also charts the decline of these domestic buildings, when, from the late 5th, and in some cases the 6th c., they were re-built using poorer materials, subdivided, or re-used for agricultural or funerary purposes.
LATE ANTIQUE DOMUS OF AFRICA PROCONSULARIS: STRUCTURAL AND DECORATIVE ASPECTS
Authors: Ghedini Francesca , Bullo Silvia
Published: August 2013

This article serves as an appendix to a compilation of research which has been published on the residential dwellings in the Roman towns of modern Tunisia (1st6th c. A.D.). It focuses on the houses that can be dated with certainty to the late antique period. From an architectural/structural point of view, these houses are little different from what is known of the aristocratic residences of preceding chronological phases, showing a preference for multiple large reception rooms. However, their figured mosaics cover new thematic areas (and related sub-areas and subjects) connected to the self-representational needs of the ruling social class.
THE HOUSE OF THE LYCIAN ACROPOLIS AT XANTHOS
Authors: Mani籥-L跪que Anne-Marie
Published: August 2013

This article discusses the material remains of structures on the Lycian Acropolis in Xanthos. They were formerly interpreted as religious monuments, but it is now clear that they derived from a late antique domus. This grand residence was replete with numerous reception suites and courtyards and was accessed from a street leading from the agora. Its rooms were organised around a grand central courtyard, arrayed on five levels, and lavishly decorated with fountains and marble and mosaic floors. Looming over Xanthos, the House of the Lycian Acropolis represented a symbol of power and status, reinforcing an impression that the city of Xanthos flourished during Late Antiquity.
WATER INTO WINE: TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY IN LATE ANTIQUITY
Authors: Decker Michael
Published: August 2013

Wine production in the late antique Levant depended on the existence of large internal and overseas markets. Estate owners and farmers reacted to the flourishing late antique wine market by investing heavily in the land. This input included the widespread adoption of, hitherto under-utilised, more efficient wine presses. Accompanying the use of the screw press in wine production was the simultaneous spread of the saqiya. This technology required significant capital outlay and a deep pool of technically skilled craftsmen. The phenomenon thus provides a glimpse of the pace of technological development at least partly driven by market conditions and the spread of technology in the countryside.
CERAMIC PRODUCTION IN AFRICA DURING LATE ANTIQUITY: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE
Authors: Bonifay Michel
Published: August 2013

This paper examines the evolution of late antique ceramic production in Africa, pointing to continuity and change in morphology, technology and economy. Throughout this period, African ceramic shapes retained Punic traits, and remained firmly anchored in Roman tradition, but also seem to have been influenced by some new Byzantine patterns. Technology did not change radically, but there were some slight changes (impoverishment?) in the production of existing objects. The most obvious changes entailed a short distance transfer of amphora production sites from city suburbs to the countryside and to town centres, as well as a long distance transfer of Red Slip Ware workshops from Zeugitana, to Byzacena and then back to Zeugitana, to the region around Carthage.
FORM, FUNCTION AND TECHNOLOGY IN POTTERY PRODUCTION FROM LATE ANTIQUITY TO THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES
Authors: Arthur Paul
Published: August 2013

This article discusses the development of ceramic technology from the 4th to the 8th c. A.D., in both the East and West Mediterranean areas. It outlines the competence of Late Roman ceramics, dominated by African producers, with some evidence of innovation in decoration in the West. Change occurs from the 5th c. onwards, in different regions at different times, connected to the dislocation of markets and the end of large scale production. Large areas of the North return to the local production of hand-made pottery, whilst in the Mediterranean wheel-thrown pottery also becomes cruder. Continuity is greatest in the Levantine regions under Islam, though not in Africa. However, innovations are still known, including clibani and the use of glazes.
THE ART OF BUILDING IN MILAN DURING LATE ANTIQUITY: SAN LORENZO MAGGIORE
Authors: Fieni Laura
Published: August 2013

This study of the complex of San Lorenzo in Milan draws on archaeological and archaeometric evidence. It presents the results of a recent investigation into late antique masonry techniques at San Lorenzo, which looked at stone and brick masonry techniques, the various type of foundation systems and the building techniques responsible for the structure as a whole. The archaeological element of the paper is based on a stratigraphical analysis of the entire complex, including its stone foundations, pavements, brickwork, vaulting and plasterwork; research on bricklaying, stone-cutting and masonry techniques; and the dating of its windows, doors, and frames. At the same time, the archaeometric aspect of the paper comprises the typological categorisation of the building materials identified at the site. These include stones, bricks, and the ingredients of bonding sections, mortar work and plastering. The origins and dating of these materials will also be an important part of the paper. Dating was carried out using TL and 14C methods.
KEEPING THE DEMONS OUT OF THE HOUSE: THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF APOTROPAIC STRATEGY AND PRACTICE IN LATE ANTIQUE BUTRINT AND ANTIGONEIA
Authors: Mitchell John
Published: August 2013

Amulets and amuletic imagery are characteristic features of the Late Roman world and yet few examples can be localised, physically contextualised or dated. Excavation of the late antique phases of a large peristyle house in the coastal city of Butrint in southern Albania, ancient Epirus Vetus, has produced a remarkable assemblage of apotropaic devices and protective forms which goes some way to correcting this deficiency. These, together with the imagery on a remarkable mosaic pavement in the sanctuary of a small 6th c. A.D. chapel in the nearby ancient city of Antigoneia, show the range of subjects deployed, in a period of increasing social insecurity and urban decline, to assure safety, health and success in life and a safe passage to the next world after death.
THE ARCHAEOLOGY OF LATE ANTIQUE DINING HABITS IN THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN: A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE EVIDENCE
Authors: Vroom Joanita
Published: August 2013

This paper sets out to explore the relationship between excavated evidence of dining rooms and table utensils, and changing dining habits in Late Antiquity. In the first part the emphasis is on pictorial representations of dining scenes from the 5th and 6th c. A.D. The second part of the paper examines the archaeological evidence and its relationship to these scenes. On the basis of this evidence, it is not only possible to discuss in detail the architectural layout of the dining room together with its furniture and textiles, but also to give a description of the actual objects (in silver, metal, pottery, glass and in other materials) used on the dining table.
THE IMPOSSIBLE ART OF DRESSING TO PLEASE: JEROME AND THE RHETORIC OF DRESS
Authors: Harlow Mary
Published: August 2013

This paper uses the letters of Jerome as a case study for examining the rhetoric of dress in early Christian writing, and considers how far such a language of dress can be useful in creating a catalogue or chronology of female dress in Late Antiquity. The paper will argue that discourses about dress and gender in the western empire show striking continuity over time and across the boundary between classical and Christian literature.
FURNITURE, FIXTURES, AND FITTINGS IN CHURCHES: ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FROM PALESTINE (4TH8TH C.) AND THE ROLE OF THE DIAKONIKON
Authors: Michel Vincent
Published: August 2013

Studies of church architecture have often been unable to assign convincing functions to annexe rooms. This article attempts to address this problem by investigating the literary, epigraphic and archaeological evidence for such spaces, focusing particularly on western Palestine. This mainly concerns the role of a room identified from epigraphy as the diakonikon. Examples of such rooms with archaeological traces of furniture are explored, including installations for relics. Artefactual and textual evidence is also considered, revealing the changing function of these rooms, in terms of the preparation of the Eucharist, the storage of relics, the keeping of treasures and other items associated with the daily functioning of the church.
STORING IN THE CHURCH: ARTEFACTS IN ROOM I OF THE PETRA CHURCH
Authors: Fiema Zbigniew T.
Published: August 2013

Excavations of some Byzantine churches in Palestine and Jordan have revealed the existence of stored material in rooms adjacent to the churches. Room I of the Petra church yielded a particularly interesting corpus of material, ranging from papyrus scrolls through glass and metal objects to wooden storage furniture, which provided the opportunity for a detailed study of artefacts and their spatial relationships, both to each other and to their architectural context. The following text summarises this discovery, concentrating on patterns of storage and changes in the function of Room I within the framework of the history of the Petra church.
ARTISTIC TRENDS AND CONTACT BETWEEN JEWS AND ‘OTHERS’ IN LATE ANTIQUE SEPPHORIS: RECENT RESEARCH
Authors: Weiss Zeev
Published: August 2013

Sepphoris was a major urban centre in the Lower Galilee in the Roman and late antique periods. Architecturally, artistically, and culturally, it was not very different from the pagan cities of ancient Palestine, and its exposure to and assimilation of Graeco-Roman culture did not hinder Jewish life. This article compares the mosaics found in two public buildings constructed in early-5th c. C.E. Sepphoris, the Nile Festival Building and the synagogue, while arguing that these finds may imply close contact between artists working at different locations and for different communities within the city. This phenomenon demonstrates the city’s distinct character in Late Antiquity and offers insight into the complexity of the cultural relationship between the Jews and other segments of that society.
ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF SAMARITAN RESEARCH IN ISRAEL
Authors: Dar Shimon
Published: August 2013

Archaeological research into the history and culture of the Samaritans in late antique Israel has increased dramatically in recent decades. The Samaritans, a monotheistic sect that separated from Judaism, expanded from their heartland of Samaria to other parts of Eretz Israel. Their presence has been identified through oil lamps, sarcophagi and synagogues, and this material evidence together with literary sources and new excavations in Samaria and elsewhere has encouraged scholars to develop a better understanding of Samaritan archaeology in Late Antiquity.
THE SACRED AND THE SECULAR: THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF CHRISTIAN RELIGIOUS THOUGHT IN SECULAR WRITING IN THE LATE ANTIQUE WEST
Authors: Humphries Mark , Gwynn David M.
Published: August 2013

The impact of Christianity on secular life in Late Antiquity is often conceived in rather negative terms, as various characteristic features of classical Antiquity are regarded as coming to an end. Within this interpretative framework, most studies of the literature of Late Antiquity have focussed on the survival of ‘classical’ (or ‘pagan’ or ‘secular’ ) traditions and tropes in Christian writings. This paper examines the question from the opposite perspective. It aims to forefront various ways in which Christian discourses penetrated writings that were not primarily religious in content in the Latin West from the 4th c. to the 6th.
LITERARY GENRE OR RELIGIOUS APATHY? THE PRESENCE OR ABSENCE OF THEOLOGY AND RELIGIOUS THOUGHT IN SECULAR WRITING IN THE LATE ANTIQUE EAST
Authors: Jeffreys Elizabeth
Published: August 2013

John Malalas, author of a Christian world chronicle compiled initially ca. 532 and completed ca. 565, shows only token interest in the Christian trappings of the world around him: he records items of ecclesiastical bureaucracy such as councils and the election or deposition of patriarchs. Of far more real concern to him are rituals and strands of belief that are barely Christian, as shown by his references to mystikoi and his millennial preoccupations.
EUSEBIUS OF CAESAREA AND THE CONCEPT OF PAGANISM
Authors: Nuffelen Peter Van
Published: August 2013

In scholarship the term ‘paganism’ is often rejected on the grounds that it reflects Christian attempts to project a false unity onto the variety of ancient religions. Although this is true to a certain extent, this paper argues that philosophers of the imperial age already ascribed a fundamental unity to all religions, and that Christian apologists drew on these ideas to formulate their own concept of ‘paganism’. The creation of paganism should thus been seen as a dialectical process, not as a onesided projection.
FANA, TEMPLA, DELUBRA DESTRUI PRAECIPIMUS: THE END OF THE TEMPLES IN ROMAN SPAIN
Authors: Arce Javier
Published: August 2013

The Theodosian Code (16.1) preserves a series of imperial laws which aimed to suppress pagan sacrifices and remove cult idols during the 4th c. At the same time other imperial legislation recommended that the temple buildings themselves needed to be maintained in the cities, as both emblematic and useful buildings. This article seeks to analyse, using all the available sources (literary, archaeological, legislative), the problem of the end of pagan temples in Hispania. We can conclude that these structures were not transformed into churchesif at alluntil the 6th and 7th centuries. Some were abandoned in the 4th c., others became houses or were reused in other ways, and it is only from the 5th c. that there is good archaeological evidence for the use of Spanish temple spolia in other buildings.
THE TEMPLE OF FLORA OR VENUS BY THE CIRCUS MAXIMUS AND THE NEW CHRISTIAN TOPOGRAPHY: THE ‘PAGAN REVIVAL’ IN ACTION?
Authors: Mulryan Michael
Published: August 2013

This article argues that we can perceive a continuing and persistent pagan tradition in Rome throughout the 4th c., rather than a ‘revival’, through the archaeological, literary and calendrical evidence. Repairs of pagan structures continue to take place in the city in the mid- to late 4th c., notably of a Temple of Flora or Venus next to the Circus Maximus. Such temples were the foci for cultic festivals that were still taking place in the 4th c., and thereby represent the continued vibrancy of pagan traditions in the centre of Rome. This area of the city was home to other notably persistent pagan festivals, and so a newly built Christian church in the area does not seem to have affected matters. Is this an indication of a conciliatory and harmonious topography that saw pagan and Christian buildings working peacefully alongside each other in the Latin West?
THE FATE OF TEMPLES IN LATE ANTIQUE ANATOLIA
Authors: Talloen Peter , Vercauteren Lies
Published: August 2013

When Christianity rose to prominence during the 4th c. temples were no longer the vibrant centres of ritual activity they had once been. A precise chronology for the last phases of temples in Asia Minor cannot be established with the limited evidence we possess. Yet, the examples presented here do allow an approximate pattern to be laid down. Furthermore, they demonstrate that the fate of temples in Late Antiquity comprised more than just destruction or conversion to churches. That said, the preservation of the sacred landscape through in situ conversion of temples did play a crucial role in the Christianisation of late antique Asia Minor.
RELIGIOUS INTOLERANCE AND PAGAN STATUARY
Authors: Caseau Béatrice
Published: August 2013

A number of surviving statues, both divine and imperial, have come down to us because they were intentionally buried during Late Antiquity. These have included well-preserved examples, as well as others which were mutilated. Some of the statues were damaged by their collapse during earthquakes and were subsequently buried under rubble; others were deliberately mutilated before their intentional burial; others still were intact because they had been carefully hidden. From the manner in which ancient statues were buried, a wide range of motivations can be inferred.
FROM PAGAN TO CHRISTIAN: RELIGIOUS ICONOGRAPHY IN MATERIAL CULTURE FROM SAGALASSOS
Authors: Talloen Peter
Published: August 2013

The evidence of domestic artefacts bearing religiously inspired imagery from Sagalassos (south-west Turkey) is used here to trace how the religious revolution of Late Antiquity affected daily life and how that evidence may reflect wider patterns in the shift from a pagan to a Christian culture in Late Antiquity. After a period characterised by a common iconographic repertoire shared by pagans and Christians alike, in which the Christian impact on material culture was limited, the material expression of the changing religious atmosphere became more visible from the second half of the 4th c. onwards and eventually resulted in a canonic Christian iconography.
Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis sp. nov. from larvae of Phassus nodus (Hepialidae) in Hunan Province, southern China
Authors: WEN TING-CHI , ZHU RU-CAI , KANG JI-CHUAN , HUANG MING-HE , TAN DIAN-BO , ARIYAWANSHA HIRAN , HYDE KEVIN D. , LIU HAO
Published: August 2013

An entomogenous taxon, associated with larvae of Phassus nodus (Hepialidae) collected from Xuefeng Mountains, Hunan Province, China, was found to be a new species, Ophiocordyceps xuefengensis sp. nov. It differs from similar species in having long stromata, without a sterile apex, narrow asci, long ascospores and by its occurrence on Phassus nodus in living root or trunk of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum. Combined sequence data from the 5.8S-ITS rDNA, nrSSU, EF-1α, and RPB1 gene loci also confirmed the distinctiveness of this new species. It is presently the world’s largest known Cordyceps sensu lato species.
Two new species of Calanthe (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae) from China
Authors: ZHAI JUN-WEN , CHEN LI-JUN , XING FU-WU , LIU ZHONG-JIAN
Published: August 2013

Calanthe Brown (1821: t. 573), with 217 species (WCSP, 2013), is widely distributed from tropical and subtropical Asia to the Pacific islands, tropical and southern Africa, Madagascar, Mexico, Panama and northern South America. Some 51 species are found in China, of which 23 are endemic (Chen S.C. et al. 2009). Over 80% of the Chinese species of Calanthe are found in southwestern China, and a number of new species or new distributions have been described in recent years, for example, Calanthe dulongensis Li, Li & Dao (2003: 267), Calanthe fugongensis Jin & Chen (2008: 20) and Calanthe alleizettii Gagnepain (1950: 508; Jin & Chen 2007). All evidence indicates the existence of a diversity centre of Calanthe in southwestern China.
Four new species of Haplosclerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska
Authors: LEHNERT HELMUT , STONE ROBERT P.
Published: August 2013

Four new species of Haplosclerida are described from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska: Callyspongia mucosa n.sp., Cladocroce infundibulum n. sp., Cladocroce attu n. sp. and Cladocroce kiska n. sp. The new species are described and compared to congeners of the region. This is the northernmost record of the genus Callyspongia and the first record of the subgenus Callyspongia from the North Pacific Ocean. To accommodate Cladocroce kiska in its genus the definition has to be broadened to allow sigmas.
Morphological and biological observations on the stick insect Tithonophasma tithonus (Gray, 1835) (Phasmida: Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae)
Authors: LIMA ALESSANDRO RODRIGUES , KUMAGAI ALICE FUMI , NETO FERNANDO CORREA CAMPOS
Published: August 2013

American Pseudophasmatinae stick insects are often colorful, winged or apterous, with or without scale-shaped tegmina, with an area apicalis on all tibiae, and either with a ventromedian carina on the meso and metafemora, or with broad profemora, as long as head, pro- and mesonotum combined (Zompro, 2004). In the egg, micropylar plate is externally located in the middle of the dorsal surface, and internally appears of the open type. Among Pseudophasmatinae, the genus Tithonophasma Zompro, 2004 has a single species, Tithonophasma tithonus (Gray, 1835). Although this species is frequent in museum collections (Zompro, 2004), accurate morphological and biological information potentially useful in phylogenetic approaches are still missing.
Occupation, well-being, and culture: Theory and cultural humility / Occupation, bien-être et culture : la théorie et l’humilité culturelle
Authors: Hammell Karen R. Whalley
Published: August 2013

Background.

The Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement depicts individuals embedded within cultural environments that afford occupational possibilities. Culture pertains not solely to ethnicity or race but to any dimension of diversity, including class, gender, sexual orientation, and ability.

Purpose.

This paper highlights specific dimensions of cultural diversity and their relationships to occupational engagement and well-being.

Key issues.

Cultural variations constitute the basis for a socially constructed hierarchy of traits that significantly determine occupational opportunities and impact mental health and well-being. Cultural humility is an approach to redressing power imbalances in client-therapist relationships by incorporating critical self-evaluation and recognizing that cultural differences lie not within clients but within client-therapist relationships.

Implications.

It is proposed that theoretical relevance would be enhanced if culturally diverse perspectives were incorporated into theories of occupation. Cultural humility is advocated as an approach to theoretical development and in efforts to counter professional Eurocentrism, ethnocentrism, and intellectual colonialism.
The Role of School and Community-Based Programs in Aiding Latina/o High School Persistence
Authors: Harris Donna M. , Kiyama Judy Marquez
Published: August 2013

This study documents the important role school and community-based programs have for sustaining the persistence of Latina/o high school students in an urban, low achieving school district. Consensus among student participants revealed these programs provided a safe space where students were able to develop confianza (mutual trust) with caring adults. Safe spaces were also culturally and linguistically affirming where students could be themselves. Adults associated with these programs served as institutional agents who helped students address personal and school barriers, which allowed students to successfully negotiate within schools. Without these community and school-based programs and the supports available through them, students indicated they would leave their respective high schools.
Effects of compatibilizer type and fiber loading on mechanical properties and cure characteristics of sisal fiber/natural rubber composites
Authors: Wongsorat Wittawat , Suppakarn Nitinat , Jarukumjorn Kasama
Published: August 2013

In this study, properties of natural rubber (NR) were enhanced by adding sisal fiber, which is a tropical plant in Thailand. Sisal fiber/natural rubber composites were prepared by the incorporation of sisal fiber at various loadings into natural rubber. Natural rubber grafted with maleic anhydride (NR-g-MA) prepared in house and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR50) were used to enhance the compatibility between sisal fiber and natural rubber. With increasing fiber loading, tear strength and hardness of natural rubber composites increased while their scorch time, cure time, tensile strength, and elongation at break decreased. Moreover, interfacial adhesion between sisal fiber and natural rubber was enhanced with the addition of NR-g-MA and ENR50. In comparison, NR-g-MA provided more effective improvement in mechanical properties of natural rubber composites than ENR50. For NR-g-MA compatibilized natural rubber composite at fiber loading of 10 phr, its tensile strength, modulus at 100% strain, modulus at 300% strain, tear strength, and hardness were increased 43, 44, 53, 42, and 13%, respectively, comparing with that of uncompatibilized natural rubber composite.
Cost-effectiveness of One- and Two-step Incomplete and Complete Excavations
Authors: Schwendicke F. , Stolpe M. , Meyer-Lueckel H. , Paris S. , Dörfer C.E.
Published: August 2013

The treatment of deep caries lesions carries significant risks for the integrity of the pulp and often initiates a cascade of re-interventions. Incomplete caries removal may reduce these risks and avoid or delay re-treatment. The present study analyzed the cost-effectiveness of one- and two-step incomplete as well as complete excavations. We used Markov models to simulate treatment of a molar tooth with a deep caries lesion in a 15-year-old patient. Retention of the tooth and its vitality as effectiveness measures as well as accruing costs were analyzed over the patient’s lifetime. The model adopted a public-private-payer perspective within German health care. Transition probabilities were calculated based on literature reviews. Monte-Carlo microsimulations were performed with 6-month cycles. One-step incomplete excavation resulted in lower long-term costs and in longer-retained teeth and their vitality (means: 53.5 and 41.0 yrs) compared with two-step incomplete (52.5 and 37.5 yrs) and complete excavations (49.5 and 31.0 yrs), and dominated the other strategies in 70% to 100% of simulations. Regardless of the assumed willingness-to-pay ceiling value, one-step incomplete excavation had the highest probability of being cost-effective. Despite limited evidence levels of input data, we expect one-step incomplete excavation to reduce costs while retaining deeply carious teeth and their vitality for longer.
Ultrasonography is unnecessary and misleading in evaluating boys with a nonpalpable testis and can be a cause of a legal process
Authors: Esposito Ciro , Escolino Maria , Savanelli Antonio , Alicchio Francesca , Roberti Agnese , Settimi Alessandro
Published: August 2013

A 2-year-old boy came to our attention for a left non-palpable testis (NPT). The parents asked us to perform a laparoscopy to pull down a left intrabdominal testis (IAT), identified ultrasonographically before surgery. The ultrasonography (US) performed in another institution showed a right intrascrotal testis of normal size and a left IAT of 0.85 × 0.78 mm2 located near the internal inguinal ring. We performed a laparoscopy that showed a blind-ending vas deferens and blind-ending inner spermatic vessels as in case of vanishing testis and a large lymphnode located near the internal inguinal ring that was closed. Parents were disappointed after laparoscopic diagnosis because the US performed before surgery showed them an IAT; for this reason they undertook a legal challenge against the pediatrician and the radiologist who had given them false information. In conclusion, we believe that in cases of NPT, laparoscopy is the gold standard for diagnosis and US is unnecessary and misleading.
The relationship between NHS performance indicators and suicide rates
Authors: Zhinchin Galina , Shah Ajit
Published: August 2013

Aims and method

As mental health services have an important role in prevention of suicides, the relationship between Care Quality Commission performance ratings of mental health trusts and the local suicide rates were examined with the null hypothesis that there will be no relationship between them. Data on suicide rates for men and women aged 16–65 for each district covered by a mental health trust were ascertained from the Office of National Statistics for the year 2009. Data on performance ratings of mental health trusts for the same year were obtained from the Care Quality Commission Report.

Results

There was no significant relationship between suicide rates in the districts covered by 60 mental health trusts in England and Wales and their performance ratings.

Clinical implications

The negative findings suggest that the performance rating of mental health trusts do not influence local suicide rates.
What Makes Cities Attractive? The Determinants of Urban Labour Migration in Germany
Authors: Buch Tanja , Hamann Silke , Niebuhr Annekatrin , Rossen Anja
Published: August 2013

Striking disparities characterise the population growth of cities in industrialised countries. Some cities suffer from ongoing population decline, whereas other cities have experienced increasing numbers of inhabitants in recent years. Whether labour market conditions or amenities via their impact on migration primarily account for differences in cities’ demographic development is an important issue. This paper investigates the determinants of the migration balance of German cities between 2000 and 2007. The focus is on the mobility of workers because labour migration in particular affects the future prospects of cities. The findings suggest that not only labour market conditions but also amenities have an impact on the net migration rate. Moreover, large cities seem to be, ceteris paribus, more attractive than small cities. This finding possibly points to the importance of amenities such as cultural infrastructure and matching externalities in urban (labour) markets that are linked to city size. Urban policy aimed at enhancing the attractiveness of cities should thus consider both boosting the local economy and improving the quality of life.
Air Passenger Duty and Outbound Tourism Demand from the United Kingdom
Authors: Seetaram Neelu , Song Haiyan , Page Stephen J.
Published: August 2013

On November 1, 1994 an Air Passenger Duty (APD) was introduced in the United Kingdom, and since, this tax continues to be controversial. This article examines the effect of the ADP on UK outbound tourism demand for 10 international destinations. An autoregressive distributed lag model is developed and income, price, and tax elasticities are estimated. The income and price elasticities obtained, ranged between 0.36 and 4.11 and −0.05 and −2.02, respectively. The estimated tax elasticities suggest that the implementation of APD had a negative effect on UK outbound travel for five destinations and the demand is inelastic to changes in taxes although the magnitudes vary across destinations. The general message is that although the stated objective of APD is to reduce travel and associated carbon emissions, the effectiveness of APD, however, has been marginal; travelers are prepared to pay more in the main to maintain their demand.
The Relationship Between Student Body Racial Composition and the Normative Environment Toward Diversity at Community Colleges
Authors: Jones Willis A.
Published: August 2013

While there has been increased scholarship in recent years on diversity in higher education, most of this research has failed to include 2-year institutions in its analyses. This study examined whether the racial composition of the community college student body is correlated with an institution’s normative climate toward three diversity outcomes: student conversations with racially different peers, student conversations with peers holding different beliefs, and student understanding of racially different others. The results indicate that having a more diverse student body had a positive, statistically significant relationship with each outcome. This finding suggests that community colleges, like 4-year institutions, can be positively influenced by enrolling a more racially heterogeneous student body.
The Impact of an Associate’s Degree Program for Incarcerated Students
Authors: Meyer Stephen J. , Randel Bruce
Published: August 2013

This article reports findings from an impact study of a 2-year postsecondary academic program offered in state prisons. Outcomes examined for participants during their 1st year of participation include performance on a standardized test of critical thinking skills, credit acquisition, achievement motivation, educational aspirations, personal development, and institutional (prison) climate. A cluster randomized design was used in which prisons in six states were randomly assigned to implement the Correctional Education Association College of the Air (CEA/COA) program or control programming. Analyses show that students in the CEA/COA program had average critical thinking scores that were about three fourths of a point lower, as measured by the Collegiate Assessment of Academic Proficiency (effect size = −.14), and acquired on average approximately two fewer credits (effect size = −.43) than students from control sites after 1 year. There were no significant group differences associated with educational aspirations, achievement motivation, personal development, and institutional climate measures.