bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Covid-19 Lockdown on Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators in South of Italy: possible causes?
Authors: Ducceschi Valentino , Vitiis Marcello De , Bianchi Valter , Calvanese Raimondo , Covino Gregorio , Rapacciuolo Antonio , Russo Vincenzo , Canciello Michelangelo , Volpicelli Mario , Ammirati Giuseppe , Sangiuolo Raffaele , Papaccioli Giovanni , Ciardiello Carmine , Innocenti Sara , D'Onofrio Antonio
Published: March 2021

Aims to evaluate the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias during a lockdown
period due to COVID-19 pandemics in a population followed by remote
monitoring through implanted cardiac defibrillators. Methods and results
In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included 574
remotely monitored automatic (AICD) and cardiac resynchronization
devices (CRT-D) recipients implanted before January 1st 2019 at seven
Hospitals of Campania Region, comparing the incidence of arrhythmias
occurred during the lockdown period due to COVID-19 epidemics (from
March 9th to May 1st 2020) with the arrhythmias rate of the
corresponding period in 2019. An effective retrospective data collection
was performed through remote monitoring, as this tool allows the direct
transfer of the the information stored by the implantable devices to
medical personnel. During the lockdown period, we observed ventricular
tachyarrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation) in 25 (4.8%)
patients as compared to 12 (2.3%) during the corresponding 2019 period
(p < 0.04); new-onset atrial fibrillation was detected in 38
(8.2%) subjects during lockdown period and in 24 (5.2%) during the
reference period (p < 0.004). Conclusion During pandemics
lockdown period we observed an higher incidence of arrhythmic events in
ICD/CRT-D patients followed up through device remote monitoring by seven
hospitals of Campania region.
MANEJO INTEGRADO DE AVES DE CORTE NO SISTEMA DARK HOUSE
Authors: GIRALDELLO Andréia Andrade , PINTO Maryanna Galvão , HOSS Ivonete , TOMAZ Camila De Aquino , BRAVO Juliana Pereira
Published: March 2021

A avicultura de corte brasileira tem apresentado crescimento nos últimos anos, devido aos investimentos em inovações tecnológicas, o conhecimento interorganizacional e os estudos sobre o bem-estar animal, buscando assim novos sistemas e metodologias de trabalho, visando maior eficiência na produção de aves. O objetivo deste trabalho foi demonstrar as estruturas e o desempenho do sistema de criação chamando “Dark House” de aves de cortes, embora seja um sistema que apresente custos mais elevados para a produção, o produtor está considerando e aceitando a sua implantação para a criação. As diferenças entre os sistemas de criação estão sendo estudadas, entretanto, trabalhos prévios concluem que as aves desenvolvidas no sistema Dark House apresentam maiores desempenhos para peso final, ganho mais rápido de peso com consumo e conversão alimentar mais significativos, pois essa tecnologia foi desenvolvida pensando no bem-estar das aves; os viveiros são totalmente climatizados levando conforto animal e consequentemente aumento da produção.
RACIOCÍNIO CLÍNICO EM ENFERMAGEM: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: FARIA Gleison , CARVALHO Alexandra Alves de , SEMCZYSZYM Valerian Santos Souza , NOGUEIRA Suzana , BIANQUI Loiane Claire , PEREIRA Edilaine Dos Anjos , SOUZA Francisco Leandro Soares de , ROMANHA Leidiane Miguel
Published: March 2021

Raciocínio clínico é o processo usado por profissionais da área da saúde para refletir e planejar o tratamento do paciente, ou seja, é a chamada tomada de decisão. Serve para orientar e conduzir da melhor maneira possível o tratamento do paciente. Identificar e analisar referências bibliográficas de enfermagem nas bases de dados LILACS, BVS, SciELO e REBEM sobre o raciocínio clínico e pensamento crítico chegando a um diagnóstico de enfermagem a partir da queixa do paciente. Trata-se de estudos de revisão de literatura com caráter exploratórios, retrospectivos e análise crítica da literatura que foi realizado por meio de uma pesquisa em documentos eletrônicos publicados em periódicos, sendo utilizados artigos científicos, dissertações e teses; foi dispensado o uso do termo de livre esclarecido por se trata de uma revisão de literatura. Da análise bibliográfica identificou-se que o raciocínio clínico se desenvolve a partir do conhecimento científico dos profissionais de enfermagem dentro do âmbito hospitalar, e que não se tem muito estudo nesta área. Todos os profissionais praticam o raciocínio clínico no dia a dia, em qualquer situação, pois, todas as ações desenvolvidas por profissionais dentro do âmbito hospitalar têm que raciocinar para chegar a uma intervenção. Conclui-se que existem diversas formas pessoais e institucionais para o aprimoramento desse raciocínio pelos profissionais da saúde, tendo a necessidade da criação de programas de formação sobre o assunto. Acredita-se também que a revisão literária forneceu subsídios para uma melhoria na reflexão e no entendimento do raciocínio clínico pelos futuros profissionais.
NEOPLASIAS MALIGNAS EM LÁBIO: CARACTERIZAÇÃO CLÍNICA DE 15 ANOS NO NORDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: GOMES Amanda Claudino , LEITE Juan Vitor Costa , DANTAS José Fernando Oliveira , PIRES Andressa Cavalcanti , SANTOS Hellen Bandeira Pontes
Published: March 2021

De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), o câncer é considerado a segunda maior causa de morbidade e mortalidade no mundo. Segundo dados do Instituto Nacional de Câncer (INCA) estima-se que no ano de 2014 ocorreram 15.290 casos de câncer bucal no Brasil. O país ainda enfrenta problemas com infraestrutura sobre tal patologia, sendo este um desafio para profissionais e acadêmicos interessados na área. Em razão disso, o objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar o perfil clínico e epidemiológico de neoplasias malignas em lábio, tendo como foco a região nordeste do Brasil em um período de 15 anos. Foi realizado um estudo observacional, transversal, baseado em dados retrospectivos, analisando dados do INCA referentes a características gerais dos pacientes (faixa etária, sexo, raça/cor, profissão, histórico de câncer), fatores exógenos (tabaco, álcool, radiação solar) e fatores relacionados ao encaminhamento (SUS e não SUS). Foram analisados dados de 1.870 indivíduos com neoplasias em lábio em um período de 15 anos, desses, 1254 eram do sexo masculino, 475 tinham entre 70 e 79 anos, 1125 dos indivíduos eram pardos e 780 trabalhavam expostos ao sol. Quanto à prevalência de hábitos deletérios, 516 relataram o uso de tabaco, e 281 relataram o uso de álcool. Ademais, 432 indivíduos entrevistados não apresentavam histórico familiar de câncer e 1.433 foram encaminhados pelo SUS. Após a análise dos dados coletados, enfatiza-se a importância de medidas necessária para a prevenção do câncer de lábio, principalmente em estados com maiores atividades relacionadas ao turismo e atividades laborais com exposição ao sol.
ANÁLISE DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA SOBRE POLIMORFISMO GENÉTICO EM SÍNDROME DOS OVÁRIOS POLICÍSTICOS E DOENÇAS CARDIOVASCULARES
Authors: BELLA Camila Silva , MARQUI Alessandra B. Trovó de , EGASHIRA Erika M. , CINTRA Mariangela Torreglosa Ruiz
Published: March 2021

A Síndrome dos Ovários Policísticos (SOP) é uma das endocrinopatologias mais comuns em mulheres na idade reprodutiva. Essas pacientes apresentam um risco elevado de obesidade, dislipidemia, resistência à insulina, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, síndrome metabólica e doenças cardiovasculares (DCVs). O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar a produção científica sobre polimorfismos genéticos e DCVs em SOP. Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica na base de dados PubMed com os seguintes termos: “genetic polymorphisms AND polycystic ovary syndrome AND cardiovascular disease”, nos últimos doze anos (2008-2020). Foram identificados 37 artigos e após aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 20 foram selecionados. Os principais resultados foram: 1) a maioria dos artigos (65%) não apresentou associação entre os genes e/ou polimorfismos com a SOP e DCVs; 2) os genes investigados estavam relacionados principalmente com os processos decorrentes das consequências clínicas da SOP, 3) houve predomínio da técnica de PCR – RFLP (45%) e 4) 50% dos estudos foram conduzidos na Turquia (30%) e Brasil (20%). Em conclusão, a caracterização dos trabalhos publicados de polimorfismos genéticos em SOP e DCVs foi expressiva, no entanto, os resultados preliminares sugerem que apenas os genes relacionados ao metabolismo de esteroides podem estar associados a estas condições.
MÉTODOS DE DIAGNÓSTICO DA LEISHMANIOSE CANINA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: COSTA Graciele Pereira , Costa Silva Danielle Pereira , ROCHA Diana De Oliveira Azevedo Carvalho , Teixeira Paulo Henrique Gomes
Published: March 2021

A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC), também conhecida como calazar, é uma doença infecciosa causada por protozoários pertencentes ao gênero Leishmania, da família Trypanosomatidae. O diagnóstico da LVC é complexo, tendo em vista a variedade de sintomas da doença, da falta de especificidade dos sinais clínicos e os custos dos exames. Objetivou-se com a realização deste estudo relatar as alterações laboratoriais encontradas com mais frequência em um animal positivo para a doença e avaliar os diferentes métodos de diagnóstico, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, mostrando as vantagens e desvantagens de cada método. Com base na literatura, animais positivos para a doença podem apresentar alterações hematológicas, quase sempre com alterações renais, onde a hiperproteinemia, hiperglobunemia e hipoalbuminemia são alterações comumente encontradas. Atualmente, existem vários exames para diagnóstico, entre eles, o teste rápido imunocromatográfico para triagem, métodos sorológicos, exame parasitológico, imuno-histoquímico e a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR). Por se tratar de doença complexa, com sintomas semelhantes a outras patologias e pela grande quantidade de animais portadores assintomáticos, conclui-se que é necessário associações entre várias técnicas de diagnóstico, uma vez que nenhuma delas é 100% sensível.
Minimizing of tunneling effect on existing infrastructure in Egypt
Authors: Asker Kamel I. , Fouad Mohamed T. , Bahr Mohamed A. , El-Attar Ahmed N.
Published: March 2021

A set of parametric studies by using the Abaqus software is conducting to investigate the effective method to seal the CWO sewer from the tunneling process. These methods include: (i) two deep grouted walls, (ii) adjacent slurry piles, (iii) bored reinforced concrete piles assisted with slurry piles, and (iv) grouted block confining the twin tunnel wall. Based on the results of parametric studies. Most of the protective studied technique was effective on reducing the tunneling effect on the ground movements.
Differences in thickness variations of activated carbon in decreasing oil and grease levels using modified grease trap on the canteen wastewater
Authors: Fikri Elanda , Hanifati Dhaifina , Hidayah Nurul
Published: March 2021

Wastewater is residual water of industrial activities and domestic wastewater that is derived from daily activities of human life related to water usage, such wastewater should not be discharged into water bodies if it has not met the standards based on the regulation. Oil and grease contained in the water bodies will form a layer on the surface because the density of oil is lower than the density of water. The layer of oil and grease will block the entry of sunlight and cause the inability in the photosynthesis process of aquatic plants. The textile industry facilitates canteens within the company which operates daily at 11.00–13.00 Western Indonesian Time, resulting in the domestic wastewater from the canteen kitchen activities. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the thickness variations of activated carbon to reduce oil and grease levels using modified grease traps on the canteen wastewater at PT. Sipatex Putri Lestari. The type of study used was categorized as a field experiment with a pretest–posttest research design. The population of the study was the entire canteen wastewater of PT. Sipatex Putri Lestari. The sampling technique used the time composite method. The univariate analysis of the study showed the average number of decreases in oil and grease levels in the treatment as 12.32, 15.98 and
Simple method to improve the TCXDVN 306:2004 indoor climate standard for closed office workplaces in Vietnam
Authors: Ha Pham T. H. , Hoa Nguyen T. , Binh Pham T.
Published: March 2021

Thermal comfort is an important parameter of indoor climate, which affects office worker health and productivity, and also aids planning for energy efficient building design and operation. To provide satisfactory thermal comfort in office workplaces under hot and humid outdoor conditions, most contemporary office buildings in Vietnam are fitted with ducted air-conditioning systems. The current Vietnamese standard TCXDVN 306:2004 for indoor climate was derived from thermal comfort research conducted between the 1960s and 1980s. This standard is limited by various drawbacks, including no distinction between natural or artificial environments. In response, this 2018 research provides physical measurements and opinion surveys of current indoor climatic conditions in representative office workplaces in three regions of Vietnam: North, Central and South. The measurement results have been transformed into ET, PMV and PPD indicators, which value demonstrate the shortcomings of the TCXDVN 306:2004 standard, while providing a baseline input for updating this standard to meet the thermal comfort needs of air-conditioned office workplaces, based on the concept of probability comfort, which are integral with the ISO and the ASHRAE standard.
Assessment of integrated indoor environmental air quality parameters in selected church buildings of Faisalabad city: a statistical based comparative study
Authors: Hussain Zahid , Khan Mohammad S. , Kundi Kundi , Alaf Kashif , Ullah Yasir
Published: March 2021

The objective of this study is to control the air quality parameters for a selected range of different particulate matters. A comprehensive experimental approach is established to regulate the quality of air about a selected range of different air pollutants being investigated in the indoor atmosphere of the church building. Relative humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide, particulate matter and radon were considered as the factors of air quality extents. For establishing the association among the selected parameters, the data were mathematically analyzed. The correlation coefficient confirmed a strong relationship between the indoor CO2 level and the number of public. A negative relationship between the indoor CO2 extent and indoor temperature confirmed that due to the increase in temperature the concentration of CO2 decreased as well. A solid adverse connection among indoor relative humidity and indoor air temperature showed that due to the increase in air temperature, the level of the relative humidity decreased. Some recommendations were proposed for the treatment of air quality in church buildings for human well-being.
Change on detection of vegetation cover and soil salinity using GIS technique in Diyala Governorate, Iraq
Authors: Adeeb Haneen Q. , Al-Timimi Yaseen K.
Published: March 2021

Soil salinity is one of the most important problems of land degradation, that threatening the environmental, economic and social system. The aim of this study to detect the changes in soil salinity and vegetation cover for Diyala Governorate over the period from 2005 to 2020, through the use of remote sensing techniques and geographic information system. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and salinity index (SI) were used, which were applied to four of the Landsat ETM+ and Landsat OLI satellite imagery. The results showed an increase in soil salinity from 7.27% in the period 2005–2010 to 27.03% in 2015–2020, as well as an increase in vegetation from 10% to 24% in the same period. Also the strong inverse correlation between the NDVI and the SI showed that vegetation is significantly affected and directly influenced by soil salinity changes
The sensitivity of vegetation in the lower Tigris basin landscapes to regional and global climate variability
Authors: Alhumaima Ali S. , Abdullaev Sanjar M.
Published: March 2021

This study investigates the lower Tigris basin’s the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) sensitivity in 2000–2016 to regional climate variability reflected by the monthly precipitation and temperature time series of seven global datasets as well as to four global circulation indices. To examine the effect of climate variability on the different ecosystems, the study area has been classified into 10 smaller natural and anthropogenic landscapes based on landforms and land cover patterns. The preliminary analysis showed that the maximum biological productivity reflected by the NDVI of March and April has the highest correlation (0.5–0.8) to the same cumulative amounts of October–March period total precipitation and January–March period mean temperatures according to all datasets. In addition, this article showed there is a correlation between landscapes’ NDVI and global modulation represented by the September–February state of El Nińo-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) (0.55–0.70) and December state of the dipole mode index (DMI) (0.35–0.72). The significant differences in the original precipitation and temperature levels according to the different datasets have urged the use of normalized time series: z-score of temperatures and analogous six-months the standardized precipitation index (SPI). However, the multiple correlation analysis showed that using ERA-
Detecting abuses in archaeological areas using k-mean clustering analysis and UAVs/drones data
Authors: Qubaa Abdalrahman , Al-Hamdani Saja
Published: March 2021

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones have made great progress in aerial surveys to research and discover heritage sites and archaeological areas, particularly after having developed their technical capabilities to carry various sensors onboard, whether they are conventional cameras, multispectral cameras, and thermal sensors. The objective of this research is to use the drone technology and k-mean clustering algorithm for the first time in Nineveh Governorate in Iraq to reveal the extent of civil excesses and random construction, as well as the looting and theft that occur in the archaeological areas. DJI Phantom 4 Pro drone was used, in addition to using the specialized Pix4D program to process drone images and make mosaics for them. Multiple flights were performed using a drone to survey multiple locations throughout the area and compare them with satellite images during different years. Drone’s data classification was implemented using a k-means clustering algorithm. The results of the data classification for three different time periods indicated that the percentage of archaeological lands decreased from 90.31% in 2004 to 25.29% in 2018. Where the work revealed the extent of the archaeological area’s great violations. The study also emphasized the importance of directing authorities of local antiquities to ensure the use of drone’s technology to obtain statistical and methodological reports periodically to assess archaeological damage and to avoid overtaking, stolen and looted of these sites.
Inter-annual and seasonal patterns of precipitable water vapour over Malaysia from 1990-2019 based on MERRA-2 reanalysis
Authors: Makama Ezekiel K. , Lim Hwee S.
Published: March 2021

In this study seasonal and inter-annual patterns as well as trend in the total precipitable water vapour (TPW) over Malaysia, based on a 30-year data from MERRA-2, have been evaluated using least square regression method. Indicator TPW revealed a pair of minima in February/August and maxima in May/November with highest and lowest long-term means found in East Malaysia. Long-term seasonal variability of TPW exhibited latitudinal dependency in both the NEM and SWM seasons. Indicator TPW showed respective southeast-northwest and southwest-northeast spatial distribution in West and East Malaysia, with the highest statistically significant positive trend found in the former.
Cast-in-situ piles encasements based on oil-bituminous rocks (kirs) in saline soils
Authors: Unaibayev Bulat Z. , Unaibayev Bulat B. , Andreyachshenko Violetta
Published: March 2021

A technology of building a pile foundation in saline soils with a protective and load-bearing shell based on bituminous rocks (kirs) is proposed that makes it possible to eliminate water permeability, to increase suffusion resistance and bearing capacity of the soil, as well as durability. The method of extracting natural bitumen from bituminous rocks (kirs) is based on the ability of kirs to self-grind or disintegrate into small parts at elevated temperatures in aqueous salt solutions. The proposed method excludes mechanical grinding and allows reducing the consumption of reagents and improving the quality of extracted natural bitumen. The compositions of the obtained mastics based on natural bitumen are not inferior in their properties to the known compositions of waterproofing cold mastics based on industrial bitumen at a lower cost.
Modified solid ion-selective electrode for potentiometric determination of sulfide in oil refineries water
Authors: Abdullad Zeyad K. , Al-Samarrai Shatha Y.
Published: March 2021

A selective electrode was manufactured to determine the sulfur ions by sedimentation method in industrial waters in oil refineries of North Refineries Company, Baiji, Iraq. The linear response on a wide range of concentration (from 1.0·10–1 to 1.0·10–6M) Na2S with a Nernst response of 28.229 mv per decade, theoretical value for slope of 29.58 mv per decade, correlation factor of 0.9998, detection limit of 2.287·10–7 at 25–35°C, pH 6.0–12.0, and the best concentration of the filling solution of 10–6M with a fast response time (5–13 s). The direct method were %RSD for 0.5772– –0.7430, %RE for –0.1, 3.7 and %REC for 99.9, 103.7.
Theory, Concepts and Models
Authors: McKercher Bob , Prideaux Bruce
Published: March 2021

Recently, a number of academics have begun to think about theory in tourism in much more detail. As a relatively young field, there have been many complaints that tourism lacks distinct theory that has held back its development. However, Stergiou and Airey (2018:165) note tourism theory does not exist independently of reality; rather it has pragmatic relevance, facilitating researchers and others to make sense of and explain the so-called real world in the form of data or other phenomena. We as academics seem focussed on producing theory and developing new ideas as ‘theory’. Yet, most of us know very little about what theory is and what constitutes good theory. A key challenge, and one that must be addressed right from the outset, is the meaning of theory, in general terms and specifically how it applies to tourism. ‘Theory’ is one of most misused terms today, for it is often construed as an expression of an unproven and often unprovable opinion. In reality, fact and theory go hand in hand for each is necessary for the other to be true (Cooper and Schindler. 2014).
What is Tourism
Authors: McKercher Bob , Prideaux Bruce
Published: March 2021

Tourism is not absolute. That is what makes it such an exciting field of study on the one hand, and such an exasperating phenomenon to study on the other hand. Life is much easier when things are framed in black-and-white terms: good versus bad; healthy versus unhealthy; left versus right; right versus wrong. Increasingly, as well, people like to have the world presented to them in a simplistic manner where they are faced with apparently easy choices. Life would be easy, if only the world was simple. Yet, in reality the world is a rich tapestry of colours. What on the surface appears to be a simple yes/no choice, in reality becomes a very complex situation when one scratches below the surface. Tourism is no different. We can all come up with absolute examples of what is and what is not tourism and who is and who is not a tourist. Visitors from China who spend five days on a package tour sightseeing and shopping in London are clearly tourists. Their activities and their resultant expenditure are also clearly tourism related. By contrast, if someone goes shopping for groceries in his or her home community, the person is clearly not a tourist. Other absolute categories such as, business travellers, people visiting friends and relatives, special interest tourists, can also be defined. But after that, what constitutes tourism enters a grey area. What if you have a second home and spend every weekend there? Are you a tourist? What if you are studying abroad for 11 months? Are you a tourist? What if you have family living someplace where you grew up and you visit them regularly? Are you a tourist? The answer depends on how tourism and the tourist are defined.
The Structure of Tourism
Authors: McKercher Bob , Prideaux Bruce
Published: March 2021

This chapter discusses the component parts of tourism and various models that have been developed to illustrate how the components interact. As Goeldner and Ritchie (2006) note, though, the complex phenomenon of tourism is extremely difficult to describe succinctly, meaning models often become exceedingly complex in their effort to capture the components, processes and outcomes of tourism. We often talk about the 5 As of tourism – attractions, accommodation, activities, access and amenities – as if they capture the entire scope of this topic. While such a way of thinking of tourism’s components is important, it cannot fully capture the nuances of what tourism is and how it works.
Attractions
Authors: McKercher Bob , Prideaux Bruce
Published: March 2021

Tourism is driven by attractions and access. Attractions explain why people come to a destination, while access influences the volume of visitors. The two are inter- related for strong attractions create demand to enhance access, while weak access effectively limits demand and thus the size and scale of attractions. The opposite is also true. Weak attractions create little necessity to improve access, while strong access creates the opportunity to enhance the breadth of attraction offerings. Tourism attractions play a fundamental role in the successful development of any destination. They serve as demand generators that give the customer a reason to visit. Moreover, consumption of attractions is often considered to be the central theme of the tourism experience being offered. Goeldner and Ritchie (2012) argue that attractions drive people to travel and represent the main motivations for travel. More importantly, they note that without attractions there would be little need for all other tourism services and goods. Thirty years ago, Gee, Makens and Choy (1989) stated that both the quality and quantity of attractions affect travel decisions. Mill and Morrison (2012) illustrate that attractions at a primary destination have to have sufficient breadth and depth of appeal to encourage visitors to stay in a single destination for many days. Holloway and Humphries (2016: 16) also note destinations must have adequate attractions to appeal to a large number of tourists and add further, the more attractions a destination has the easier it becomes to market.
The Political Economy of Tourism and Approaches to Forecasting
Authors: McKercher Bob , Prideaux Bruce
Published: March 2021

While there is a vast literature on issues related to political economy, tourism scholars have generally paid little attention to this area of research. This chapter discusses some of the underlying debates related to political economy to provide a window into the fundamental role that economic forces play in the operation, sustainability and profitability of the global tourism system. In the near future, the need to transition to a carbon-neutral production system (see Chapter 15), and the immense difficulties that will be faced in reining in our increasing use of diminishing resources, will generate considerable discussion on the merits of various production systems such as Neoliberalism, socialism, neo-Marxism and post-Keynesian. This chapter also considers a range of models used to forecast tourism activity, a task that is an important element in future tourism investment and planning activities. The current production system is firmly embedded in the market driven capitalist system of economic production and for this reason, the following dis- cussion will focus on capitalism. This chapter provides a neo-Marxist perspective to demonstrate a counter view to the predominate interpretation of capitalism through a neoliberal lens. Degrowth (see Chapter 15) also offers another vision for organizing a future economic system of production. Understanding how we arrived at our system of economic production is important and provides insights into the next stage of economic evolution, which will most likely to be based on a carbon-neutral economic production system. So what is the difference between political economy and economics? Political economy is concerned with the process of production and its impact on national income and wealth, and the conflicts, inequalities and problems that arise in trade, law and government (Bianchi, 2018; Williams, 2004). Scholars generally approach the study of political economy from perspectives that include Liberalism, Keynesianism, Marxism, Socialism and Neoliberalism (and the many sub-branches of these schools). Economics on the other hand is concerned with production, distribution and consumption of goods and services and leaves aside political and social considerations although as Bianchi (2018) observed, the distinction between political economy and economics has become blurred because of the political nature of significant areas of neoliberal thought.
Sustainability
Authors: McKercher Bob , Prideaux Bruce
Published: March 2021

During the early 1980s, it became apparent that major global environmental changes were occurring suddenly and silently and were only beginning to be recognized as an emerging threat by the global scientific community. Scholars and an increasing number of citizens became aware that there was a growing element of uncertainty and risk from human activities on global environments The establishment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) and endorsed later by the General Assembly of the United Nations was a major step in focusing the global community’s attention to the problem. At that time, moderate environmentalists were wrestling with the idea that we can live in a world where economic development and economic pressures for both developing and developed countries would continue. Short- term pressures to develop national economies (along with the social benefits that derive from it) were considered by policy makers to outweigh long-term potential impacts from that development process. In other words, we failed to ask the question of how can a sustainable economy be developed that integrates both industrial and ecological needs? More recently, advocates of degrowth suggest a more radical change to how the global economy functions. While it is unrealistic to suggest that the solution to our environmental woes would be to wind back the global economy, growing concerns about sea level rise, ecosystem collapse and the emergence of other global ecological crises challenge the idea that it is possible to promote economic growth while maintaining environmental protection. This chapter explores a range of issues related to sustainable development in general and sustainable tourism in particular. It begins with an overview of the concept of sustainable development before moving onto a discussion of sustainable tourism. The chapter then discusses the range of models and concepts that have been developed to monitor asustainability.
Sociological and Anthropological Concepts in Tourism
Authors: McKercher Bob , Prideaux Bruce
Published: March 2021

Tourism is both a business and a social phenomenon. To understand how tourism works, then, one must understand both the business side of tourism as well as the human side. Ever since large scale tourism began, people have been examining it and trying to place it in a sociological perspective. These efforts have involved an examination of why people travel, the social reasons for travel and the type of tourist experience they are either getting or seeking. This chapter examines how the founding sociologists and anthropologists in the field looked at tourism and how they still shape our thinking.
Tourism Planning
Authors: McKercher Bob , Prideaux Bruce
Published: March 2021

In the last few decades of the 20th Century, there was a shift from modernist forms of public administration, where government bureaucracies were given licence to ‘define and act for the public good’ (Dredge and Jamal, 2015: 287), to the current globalist/neoliberal perspective of governance, where governments have downsized bureaucracies and outsourced many functions. The outcome has seen many governments move into an arbiter/enabler role, shifting from public administration to public management. This change significantly influenced think- ing about the role that governments play in planning. The consequence has been that while there is apparent public sector support for development that adheres to the principles of sustainability, the reality is that neoliberal style policy contin- ues to place growth rather than sustainability at the heart of policy formulation. Previous chapters of this book have observed that maintening contemporary systems of economic production and consumption will create a future that will be significantly different from the present. Characteristics of this ‘future’ will include rising sea levels, degraded ecosystems and higher temperatures. Future planning challenges will include responding to the impact of climate change, the depletion of non-renewal resources, ecosystem decline and the need to transition into a new carbon-neutral economy. From a planning context these changes will require rethinking of how tourism planning is undertaken and the objectives that future planning may wish to achieve compared to the current objectives of planning, which are often based on a desire for continuing growth but with a cursory nod to a need for development that is ‘sustainable’. This chapter briefly reviews the role of planning, the relationship between planning and policy, and issues that planning will need to address in the future. Underlying this discussion is the view that a lack of planning, particularly at the strategic level but also at the destination and enterprise level, will result in ad hoc, unregulated, inefficient and reactive responses to calls to supply tourism infrastructure and services.
Tourism and the Individual
Authors: McKercher Bob , Prideaux Bruce
Published: March 2021

Tourism is a socially selective activity. While we may think that everybody has an opportunity to travel this is clearly not the case. Further, even among those who do travel, social, personal and demographic factors exert a significant effect on both propensity to and intensity of travel. This chapter examines a range of factors that influence tourism propensity and intensity among individuals. It begins with a definition of these terms and them explores barriers to participation, the traditional leisure paradox and how it affects tourism, and finally the role of generational cohort theory and tourism activity.
Financial Planning and Budgeting of Events
Authors: Janjusevic Jelena , Mathur Sunita
Published: March 2021

The importance of financial management and resource allocation for events cannot be understated. Events are an important part of cities’, regions’ and countries’ cultural make-up and represent more than simply entertainment for interested consumers. Given this importance it is imperative that their ability to operate on a regular and ongoing basis is supported by a strong financial awareness of their management teams. How will we price the event to ensure that our objectives are met? How can we ensure that the management team and staff stay on-time and on-budget? How can we determine if we are generating enough revenue from our event to cover costs, and how important is our cash-on-hand for our immediate survival. This chapter aims to provide event managers with a clear understanding of these finance-related questions. The topics presented in this chapter build on, and extend the scope of the concepts discussed in the previous chapter. More emphasis will be on the numerical aspects as illustrated in the examples used throughout this chapter.
Advanced Technology for Event Management
Authors: Ragab Hani , Salama Mohamed
Published: March 2021

Event management is a dynamic field that has always benefited from latest advances in technology. In this chapter we will review some of the newest and most promising fields in information technology and discuss how they could be used to support event managers. Data is at the heart of information technology, in particular, data science aims to extract knowledge from data using machine learning techniques. The amount of data might make it not possible to process it on personal computers, leading to the field of big data. We will explore the fields of data science, big data as well as machine learning. Stored and transiting data might hold high value that attracts cyber criminals, information security focuses on how to protect data from accidental release and tampering of data. Basic concepts of information security, particularly cryptography, had a major contribution in the creation of the new paradigm of blockchains.
Sustainability in the Context of Event Management
Authors: Janjusevic Ljubomir , Salama Mohamed
Published: March 2021

Enormous numbers of different type of events are taking place all around the world, impacting the environment and consuming a wider range of resources. For most businesses and organisations, the impact their activities have on the environment and sustainability is becoming a key factor input when planning and organizing events of all kinds. Festivals and events, in general, are important components of the tour- ism industry. With worldwide growth of festivals and events and global tourism set to reach 1.6 billion arrivals by in the near future, it is important to develop planning tools to facilitate the roll out of sustainably man- aged events. Festivals and events create significant impacts both positive and negative on the environment, society, and the economy. Therefore, sustainable event management is gaining attraction and is, in many cases, demanded as it provides an opportunity to manage these impacts while improving the quality of events.
Virtual Team Performance and Wellbeing for Event Management
Authors: Salama Mohamed , Angew Cakil , Fantham Gregory
Published: March 2021

This chapter falls in two parts. Part 1 discusses team issues with emphasis on virtual teams. The first few sections briefly compare and contrast the different types of team and how team performance should be planned and managed, in line with set goals and detailed deliverables. This will cover a wide range of concepts that come into play under performance management and measurement. The following sections focus on the challenges that virtual teams face amid the prevailing digital transformation and suggest effective measures to address those challenges. The presented concepts are generic, thus can be readily applied to the context of event management. Part 2 comprises two sections; the first discusses well-being and cross-cultural variations in relation to event management, while the second section is focused on the role of social psychology in devising event experiences.
Sustainable Financial Planning for Event Management
Authors: Ahmed Adel
Published: March 2021

Events are highly resource intensive, and can have negative environmental consequences such as waste of water, energy and materials. Sustainable finance is critically important to ensure sustainable development by making responsible decisions during the planning, organisation and implementation of an event. Events should be hosted in an environmentally, socially and economically responsible way. Many international companies are making sustainable events an integral part of their tender process. Greening any event should reduce the negative environmental impact, but should also leave a positive and lasting legacy for the local community.
Sustainable Events Management Model
Authors: Almomani Mohammad , Salama Mohamed
Published: March 2021

Sustainability in event management cascades across all process functions throughout the journey, whether the event is of small, medium, large or mega size; sustainability practices must be adapted as part of the role of every event manager. Following the discussion in Chapter 1 about the Sustainable Project Management Model (SPMM), here we present a multi-layered Sustainable Events Management Model (SEMM) (Figure 9.1) that is derived from the SPMM. It is as a tool that aims to provide domain experts, practitioners and researchers with a detailed step-by-step approach towards the implementation of the model across all event management functions and process components. Thus, this model will cover pre, during and post event activities categorised per each functional dimension to ensure the maximum benefit for the event manager.
Los valores éticos y la agenda del desarrollo: algunas consideraciones para la formación educativa
Authors: Martínez Chapa Oshiel
Published: March 2021

En este trabajo se revisa una parte de la literatura existente respecto a la estrecha relación que guardan los valores éticos y la agenda del desarrollo en la perspectiva de la formación educativa, en este caso, la ciencia económica. El propósito es analizar la relevancia de estos fundamentos en la sociedad actual en virtud de las demandas de acciones favorables para reducir las desigualdades y mejorar las condiciones de vida material. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología cualitativa consistente en el estudio de documentos y la consecuente reflexión al respecto. El tema es significativo justo ahora en que se plantea si las instituciones de educación superior (IES) coadyuvan a la enseñanza de los valores para el ejercicio profesional. El trabajo muestra que, en general, los profesionales de la economía han subestimado el carácter pertinente de la ética en la agenda del desarrollo, de lo cual se ha advertido desde hace un tiempo considerable. En el trabajo se concluye la necesidad de impulsar los valores éticos como medios que posibilitan un desarrollo social y económico menos desigual.
FEATURES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GABIES OF DIFFERENT BREEDS AND THEIR MIXES IN THE SAME CONDITIONS OF FEEDING AND CONTENT
Authors:   Kazakh National Agrarian University, Begembekov K.N. , Nurgazy K.S. , Ombaev A.M. , Nurgazy B.O. , Abdurasulova A.E.
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of a study to determine the characteristics of the growth and development of gobies of Kazakh white-headed, Hereford breeds and their crosses when grown in the same feeding and keeping conditions. In general, for the entire period of cultivation, crossbreeds were distinguished by the highest level of average daily gain in live weight, the smallest by the Kazakh white-headed breed, and Herefords occupied an intermediate position.
ACCOUNTING FOR RANDOM PROCESSES WHEN ADJUSTING THE RESOURCE OF MACHINES PERFORMING RECLAMATION WORK
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Sevryugina N. S. , Apatenko A. S.
Published: March 2021

the dependence of the efficiency of budget financing and accounting for operational factors that reduce the resource of machines is established. Objective: to develop a predictive assessment of system risk failures for machines with different resources. It is justified to take in to account the load characteristics of reclamation machines with the development of recommendations for the formation of an information and analytical base for the functioning of a single machine.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Serbulova N.M. , Kanurny S.V. , Lebedev D.A. , Kargin O.V. , Morozenko A.I.
Published: March 2021

Digitalization is one of the most important transformational processes in world agriculture and food production and sale systems. The paper considers the contribution of information and communication technologies (ICT) to the transition to sustainable agriculture. Particular attention is paid to precision agriculture as a food production model that integrates many ICTs. The paper also discusses some disadvantages of ICT and factors limiting their use in agriculture.
INTEGRATIVE BASIS OF PEDAGOGICAL ACTIVITY OF TEACHER OF TECHNICAL DISCIPLINES
Authors:   Luhansk National University Taras Shevchenko, Serdyukova E.Y. , Kireeva E.I
Published: March 2021

The article provides an analysis of the specific features of the process of professional training of teachers of technical disciplines. Based on the analysis of the existing practice of professional training of future specialists in the direction 44.04.04 “Professional training (by industry)”, its features are identified in the context of the formation of an integrative basis for the professional activity of a future teacher of technical disciplines. The basic didactic conditions providing effective professional training of a teacher of technical disciplines at a university are given
ANALYSIS OF AUTOMATION SYSTEMS OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Sivokon V.E. , Ananchenko L.N. , Bulko I.V. , Bely A.S.
Published: March 2021

This article will discuss the main aspects of livestock automation, the relevance of which is currently due to the fact that automation is the leading trend in modern livestock and the main efforts of developers and manufacturers of equipment and materials for livestock in recent years aimed at ensuring that the most automated care of the herd, to provide the farmer with effective tools for collecting and analyzing information about the condition of animals.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SEMINOMA IN DOGS
Authors:   Irkutsk State Agrarian University named A.A. Ezhevsky, Silkin I.I.
Published: March 2021

Currently, the number of pet dogs and cats is on the rise, at the same time the number of vet clinic visits is increasing too. It is different types of small household pets' tumors that one of the most frequent causes of visit. That is why it's so important to know the methods of diagnostic and treatment of these diseases.
DETERMINING THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A MODIFIED AUGER
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Smehunov E.A. , Butovchenko A.V. , Rukasov K.V.
Published: March 2021

Screw conveying mechanisms with an active rotating casing and the location of the blades on the inner surface of the pipe are known, but are practically not used. They are not much more complicated than conventional augers in the manufacture, but they have a higher specific performance, and most importantly, they can not fundamentally pinch and crush grain. Despite the simplicity of the design, there are many different models describing the relationship of design parameters with output characteristics. Empirical coefficients play an important role in calculations. The task was to find out what is common and what is different in the mechanics of the process on the basis of consideration and clarification of the active forces. The scheme of forces has been significantly simplified due to the rational choice of the coordinate system. Positive answers were received to questions about performance, increased productivity, additional advantages, and determining the speed of axial movement of the material. some simulation experiments were Conducted to clarify the physics of movement when parameters were varied.