bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Flexibility and Aircraft Flow Field on Rail Launch Simulation of a Missile
Authors: Ismail Shaik , Jain P. C. , Anjaneyulu P. S. R.
Published: December 2023

One of the major causes for the dispersion of missile trajectory is its tip-off from the launcher. Generally low fidelity models are used to predict the tip-off of a missile. One or the other important parameters, like flexibility of missile, flexibility of launcher rail, clearances between launch shoes of missile and launcher rail are omitted in these low fidelity models. In the present study, effects of missile and launcher flexibility on missile tip-off are studied by comparing the results by a low fidelity rigid body simulation model and a 3D finite element model. Predicted tip-off by these two models is compared with ground flight measured data. Effect of omitting one of the launch shoes on missile tip-off is also studied using low fidelity model. For a ground launched missile gravitational pull decides the missile tip-off, but for aircraft launched missiles, aircraft flow field is equally important. Rail phase of an air to air missile is simulated considering varying aircraft flow field, using a full-fledged 3D Finite Element Model.
Optimal Sizing of Trailing Edge Flaps for Helicopter Vibration Reduction: A Response Surface Approach
Authors: Mallick Rajnish , Ganguli Ranjan
Published: December 2023

On-blade active trailing edge flaps are considered for helicopter vibration reduction. A Pareto optimal multi-objective optimization approach is used to obtain the spanwise and chordwise dimensions of single and dual trailing- edge flaps. The objective of this study is to simultaneously achieve minimum hub vibration levels and minimize the flap actuation power requirement. Helicopter aeroelastic analysis is used in conjunction with an optimal controller to minimize hub vibration and flap power levels. It is found that nonlinear polynomial response surfaces based on L9 orthogonal array could adequately describe both the objectives. An intense sampling of the surrogate objective space is used to obtain optimal design points for the mutually conflicting objectives. A Pareto optimal design reduces vibration levels by about 70% and also reduces flap actuation power requirement by about 20%, in comparison to the initial design. The present study leads to an optimal design of trailing edge flaps which expend less power and can be further explored for self-powered control surfaces towards a self-powered smart blade design concept. The optimal designs are robust to uncertainty introduced by manufacturing.
Compact and Accurate Phugoid Mode Approximation with Residualization
Authors: Ananthkrishnan Narayan , Sinha Nandan Kumar
Published: December 2023

Literal approximations to the phugoid mode are systematically derived by a process of residualization with fast-slow modal decomposition. Approximations with a static residual alone and another including a dynamic residual as well are obtained. The two sets of approximations are shown to be analytically identical to each other, therefore previous attempts by some researchers to obtain "improved" literal approximations by introducing a dynamic residual are seen to be redundant. Our static residualization yields new expressions for the phugoid mode parameters which include an "inertia" term and a "phase damping" term not generally observed in previous approximations. In fact, the "phase damping" term is seen to be the second-most numerically significant damping effect after the drag and is always found to detract from phugoid damping. A third term involving the pitch damping derivative Cmq is relatively insignificant but interestingly is found in many cases to undamp the phugoid motion. Approximations are derived with and without compressibility effects in the form of the derivative CmMa to highlight the contribution of this derivative in obtaining accurate estimates of the phugoid frequency, even at low speeds. Finally, recommended literal approximations to the phugoid frequency and damping are presented which are compact and whose numerical accuracy is established for ten different combinations of airplanes / flight conditions.
Computational Investigation of Effect of Casing Wall Motion On Flow and Losses in an Annular Turbine Rotor Impulse Cascade
Authors: Goutham Kumar K. , Sitaram N.
Published: December 2023

The present paper presents computational results of effect of casing wall motion on three dimensional flow and losses in an annular turbine rotor impulse cascade. The flow at the inlet of the rotor cascade is radially non uniform, which is simulated by means of an upstream nozzle blade row. Commercial CFD software is used for the computations. No slip condition is used for the case of stationary casing, whereas relative wall condition is used for the case of rotating casing. Streamlines, velocity vectors, contours of static pressure on blade tip, contours of total loss coefficient at blade exit, spanwise variation of lift coefficient, circumferentially averaged flow angles and total pressure loss coefficient and axial variation of mass averaged total pressure loss coefficient are presented for both cases. There are minor differences in the spanwise variation of various parameters for both cases. The casing wall motion reduces the losses in the region near to casing but increases in the region far away from the casing. The blade loading and lift coefficient are increased with increase in casing wall motion near the casing and reduced away from the casing. The casing motion causes a slight reduction of losses associated directly with the leakage vortex. However total losses remain nearly same.
Role of Viscosity in Hypersonic Intake Starting Phenomenon
Authors: Saha Soumyajit , Chakraborty Debasis
Published: December 2023

Starting and unstarting characteristics of a hypersonic air intake is studied through inviscid and viscous simulations. Comparison of simulated center body Mach number obtained from Euler simulations for different free stream Mach numbers show a much crisper solution for the present computation as compared to other simulations reported in the literature. For Euler simulation, hysteresis effect of intake pressure recovery and mass capture ratio were observed. The hysteresis of pressure recovery clearly showed distinct point of starting / unstarting of the intake. The same hysteresis effect could not be observed for viscous simulation. Well resolved viscous simulations are required for estimation of hypersonic intake characteristics.
Design, Fabrication, Calibration and Validation of a Nine Hole Probe for Measurement of Flow With Large Angles
Authors: Sitaram N. , Venkatesh Babu M.
Published: December 2023

The design and fabrication details of a nine hole pressure probe for measurement of flow with large angles are presented. The probe is calibrated at a velocity of 40 m/s in a yaw range of ±90° and a pitch range of -70° to 90° at intervals of 10°. The calibration space is divided into 9 zones, in each of which pressure from one of the nine holes is maximum. Calibration coefficients based on the pressures from this hole and other holes around this hole are defined in each of these zones. Additional data acquired during the calibration are used to validate the data reduction method. The errors in total and static pressures and flow velocity and angles are found to be small.
Conflict Free Flight Path: A Design Study for Automation
Authors: Kanigiri Gnanananda  , B. Subba Reddy
Published: December 2023

A number of future air traffic management concepts are being studied to enhance efficiency and flight safety. Conflict Detection and Resolution (CDR) is one such initiative for operation much beyond the capability of the conventional Traffic Collision Avoidance System where the resolutions are generally in terms of changing speed or heading depending upon the situation. The design studies presented in this paper investigate possibility of generating heading change commands and integrating with Autopilot for closed loop operation for conflict resolution as well as for recovering the flight path to the original flight leg. Simulation results for open loop and closed loop operation are presented to validate the approach. Topics requiring further studies are highlighted.
Analysis of Controlling Dynamic Stall With An Active Flexible Wall
Authors: Niranjan L Mangla  , Sumon K Sinha
Published: December 2023

The pressure gradient near the leading edge of an airfoil changes drastically in a short region. Sub - micron vibrations introduced in the zone of zero pressure gradient at a proper time in a pitching airfoil, mounted with active flexible wall actuator, alter the boundary layers. This in turn delays the onset of dynamic stall by around 2°.
Integrated Controller for Divert Thruster Flight Propulsion Control Systems
Authors: A.V. Sudhakara Reddy  , S. Karunanidhi  , R. Padhi  , D.N. Reddy
Published: December 2023

Future generation missile calls for development of fast response propulsion based control systems to achieve hit-to-kill miss distance against highly manoeuvrable targets covering high-endo to exo-atmosphere regions. Control systems based on solid propulsion are developed connecting multiple pintle nozzles and control thrust vector is generated with distribution hot gasses in pitch/yaw directions. Differential distribution of hot gasses among multiple nozzles is complex due to time varying coupled non-linear chamber pressure dynamics with propellant combustion and nozzles’ flow phenomena and methods based on linear control may not ensure stability in wide operating conditions. There is need to develop "Unified Controller" based on non-linear formulation to ensure control stability in wide operating conditions of various mission applications, with advanced features for new generation missiles to counter various futuristic targets, and achieve hit-to-kill capabilities following integrated approach in order to improve the total system performance. Non-linear algorithms proposed in the recent literature do not exploit synergism between plant and actuation systems dynamics. Present paper presents novel non-linear feedback linearization technique, Dynamic Inversion, a relatively straightforward approach in Integrated Control Framework (ICF) implementing inherent time scale separation between solid motor plant and hot gas flow control valve actuation system. To ensure stability in various operating conditions and assure robust performance in the presence of parameter inaccuracies, controller is augmented with model-following neuro-adaptive design. Prototype systems: Thrust Controlled Motor (TCM) and Divert Thruster Flight Propulsion Control Systems (DTFPCS) are developed to demostrate/validate "Unified Controller" for missile control system. Closed loop control of chamber pressure is demonstrated with single pintle nozzle system and control thrust vector generation with multiple nozzle systems. Model update takes place adaptively online and unlike a typical indirect adaptive control approach, there is no need to update the individual parameters explicitly. Instead the inaccuracy in the system output dynamics is captured directly and then used in modifying the control. Based on present work, missilecontrol systems for various applications can be developed with limited controller changes and thereby minimizing number of developmental tests and cost.
Large Deflections of Buckled Compound Cantilever Columns Under Linearly Varying Load by Using Galerkin Finite Element Formulation
Authors: N.V. Swamy NaiduD  , K. Durga Rao  , M. Manzoor Hussain  , T.V. Karthikeyan
Published: December 2023

The large deflections of a compound cantilever column (the Elastica), subjected to a linearly varying axial compressive load is investigated. The compound column consists of two segments of different materials, in its half lengths. The Young’s modulii of the material of the segments of the column nearer to the clamped and free ends are E1 and E2 respectively. The advantages of using the compound cantilever column and its production techniques are presented. The solution of the nonlinear differential equation of the problem, in the Cartesian coordinate system is complex and hence the simpler θ-S system is used. The Galerkin finite element formulation is used to obtain the solution of the Elastica problem, highlighting the difficulty in the assembly of the relevant matrices with traditional degrees of freedom. The numerical results for uniform cantilever columns, when compared with the other solutions, match very well. The same for the compound cantilever columns are acceptable, as these do not violate any physical principles and logical reasoning.
Transport Equation Transition Modeling in Cerans For Hypersonic Flows
Authors: R. Balasubramanian  , K. Anandhanarayanan  , R. Krishnamurthy  , Debasis Chakraborty
Published: December 2023

Scope of present work covers implementation to validation of the Langtry-Menter two equation γ-Reθt Local Correlation based Transition Model (LCTM) in CERANS code for modeling subsonic to hypersonic flow transition. The LCTM is coupled with SST k-ω turbulence model. The governing equations of γ-Reθt model is discretized in finite volume framework similar to the RANS model and implicitized using the point Jacobi method. Transition correlations based on freestream as well as local turbulence intensity and critical momentum thickness Reynolds number were integrated with the model, and the code is validated for several standard transition test cases involving low subsonic to hypersonic high enthalpy flows covering a wide range of turbulent intensities.
Jet Engine Gas Turbine Blades: Beyond the Super Alloys
Authors: R. Prabhakaran
Published: December 2023

The High Pressure Turbine (HPT) blades of a turbo-engine, whether used in land-based power- generating equipment or in aircraft propulsion systems, are among the most severely loaded engineering components; they operate at very high temperatures, they are subjected to very high centrifugal stresses, they are susceptible to creep and fatigue damage and they are also exposed to adverse conditions such as corrosion, oxidation, sulphidation, foreign object damage, etc. Nickel-based super alloys were used to make turbine blades in the 1940s and the Turbine Inlet Temperature (TIT) has been steadily increased over the years due to material innovations such as improved alloy chemistry and protective coatings, processing innovations such as directional solidification and single crystal blade fabrication and design innovations such as complex internal cooling channels that enable the blades to operate at temperatures beyond their melting point. With the improvements attainable with the super alloys reaching the limit, efforts are underway to reduce the weight of the blades by making them out of lower density materials such as intermetallic compounds of titanium and aluminum. With the reduction in the centrifugal forces, the weight of the supporting structures such as the bearings can also be reduced, resulting in gains in fuel consumption and reduction in the generation of exhaust gases. Intermetallic compounds such as titanium aluminides and nickel aluminides, composites using such intermetallics as matrices, and ceramic matrix composites with silicon carbide fibers in a silicon carbide matrix, are being introduced in a phased manner; some of these materials have already shown their potential in the Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) stages and are advancing through the higher temperature parts of the turbo-engine with the ultimate goal of replacing the heavier super alloys. These new materials are difficult to fabricate and innovative methods based on centrifugal casting, forging and additive manufacturing from powders are being developed. This paper describes some of these important innovative developments.
A Critical Comparison of DNS Versus RANS Model Results on an HPT Blade for a Small Engine
Authors: Singh Patel Kishore , Maruthi N.H. , Deshpande S.M. , Narasimha Roddam , Ranjan Rajesh
Published: December 2023

In this work, we present preliminary Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) results of compressible flow past a High-Pressure Turbine (HPT) blade of an experimental Small Turbofan Engine (STFE) designed by Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), Gas Turbine Research Establishment (GTRE) [1, 2]. These DNS results are then compared with the results obtained by two well-known industry standard RANS models, namely the Realizable k-e (RKE) and the Shear Stress Transport (SST) models along with a hybrid LES-RANS (LNS) model. All the simulations are carried out at inlet Reynolds number of 152,000 (based on chord length of the blade), and inlet Mach number of 0.16 with zero degree of angle of incidence. DNS results are obtained with approximately 94 and 129 million mesh cells. For RANS and LNS calculations, we have used 0.16 and 3.54 million mesh cells respectively. Surface pressure distributions obtained from DNS are closer to experimental values compared to RANS and LNS. Also, DNS predicts flow separation near the trailing edge when a grid is refined from 94 x 106 to 129 x 106 cells, whereas present RANS and LNS simulations fail to capture separation. Interestingly, mean surface pressure obtained from DNS with two different mesh sizes vary mostly near the separation and trailing edge region, where the experimental data points are not available.
Flight Test Investigation on Loss of Control Due to Flap and Landing Gear Configuration Change
Authors: Singh  Singh Inderjeet , Kanti Ghosh Ajoy
Published: December 2023

Extension of flaps during landing and take-offs not only increases the lift produced by the wing due to change in camber of the aerofoil but also increases the wing downwash which reduces the angle of attack on the horizontal tail and reduces the tail efficiency resulted in to significant change in pitch attitude, aircraft altitude and airspeed. Lowering of landing gear increases the interference drag and lead to vortex shedding which reduces the pressure underneath the wing, as a result aircraft have pitching down moment. During this phase pilot is pre-occupied and might be distracted and if requisite control input is not provided by the pilot to maintain required aircraft attitude it can lead to uncontrollable flight condition and loss of control in flight. To investigate these effects, Flight tests were carried out on Hansa-3 and Cessna-206H aircraft at IIT Kanpur along with Pilot and on Cirrus Jet SF-50 in X-Plane 11 Flight Simulator. During flight test aircraft exhibited significant change in pitch attitude, roll angle, aircraft altitude and airspeed and aircraft even stalled. Extension of flaps with 30° bank along with extended landing gear has given more stability to the aircraft and increase in pitch attitude and altitude was less in comparison of retracted Landing Gear.
CFD Driven Aero-Propulsive Design of a Ducted Ramjet Missile
Authors: Bhandarkar Anand , Chandra Murty M.S.R , Manna P. , Chakraborty Debasis
Published: December 2023

Detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are carried out for a ducted ramjet missile. Combined internal and external flow fields are numerically simulated by solving 3D RANS equations along with Menter’s SST turbulence model. Aero-propulsive configuration is evolved progressively by improving radome shape, intake ramps, intake bleed system, diverter height etc. Numerical simulations have revealed that ogive radome has less drag compared to power law shaped radome and provide better flow characteristics at the intake entry leading to superior intake performance. Appropriate boundary layer diverter height and bleed system in the intake improve the intake performance. Aero-propulsive performance of the complete vehicle is estimated for different Mach numbers and angles of attack. It is demonstrated that improved performance of the ducted ramjet missile can be obtained through use of high fidelity numerical method.
Real-Time Precise Position Estimation of Geostationary Earth Orbit Satellites Using Ground Beacons
Authors: Kumar Vinod
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a method for precise estimation of the position of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite, using radio-waves, from at least four beacons mounted on the ground. The locations of these beacons are known and fixed with respect to an observer on the Earth. GPS-based instantaneous position determination has been studied in the literature extensively since early 1980’s, and has been used on-board Low-Earth satellites. However, for Geostationary Earth Orbits (GEO) the visibility of Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites is limited to a small conical annulus formed by the main beam of the GPS satellite on the far side of the GPS-Earth cone. So at any measurement epoch there may not be four GPS satellites available to form four independent equations to solve explicitly for the required four unknowns. GEO being the most prominent of orbits with diverse applications, so we propose in this paper a new concept of use of ground based beacons for real time precise orbit determination of GEO satellites. The technique presented in this paper is inverse Global Navigation by Satellite Systems (GNSS). The usual case is GNSS/GPS signal from space is used to estimate the position of the satellite/object fitted with GNSS receiver. In the present scheme GEO satellite is fitted with a receiver and beacons are mounted at the ground in India or globally. The present scenario is thus different but slightly. This interesting concept will be useful for position estimation of GEO satellites equipped with a receiver to get measurements or observables from beacons. The simulation results have shown that it is possible to find the precise position of the Earth orbit satellites at GEO altitude.
Thermal Analysis of a Micro-Satellite in a Low Earth Orbit
Authors: Mehta R. C.
Published: December 2023

The thermal design of a micro-satellite is presented in the paper. The theoretical studies are carried out to describe briefly the relationship among various design orbital parameters and are depicted graphically. Solar heating on a micro-satellite is considered as a thin walled circular cylinder rotating with uniform speed about its geometric axis is analyzed for a situation in which heat transfer by convection and heat exchange within the cylinder is negligible. The nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the thin walled cylinder are solved using fourth order Runge-Kutta method to compute temperature distribution. The results of the analysis are presented at various revolution per minute RPM of the micro-satellite. Radiation heat transfer inside the package is analyzed with networking method.
Design Modification of Mechanical Flight Control Circuits of an Intermediate Aerobatic Trainer Aircraft for Improved Efficiency
Authors: Choudhury D. N. , Sai M. , Gautam K. , Trivedi H. M. , Singh R. K. , Mishra I. , Singh M. K. , Ranganath R. P. , Shah K. K.
Published: December 2023

In a typical Intermediate Aerobatic Trainer Aircraft (IATA) the primary control surfaces viz, Ailerons, Elevator and Rudder are operated mechanically and thus called Mechanical Flight Control System (MFCS) consisting of elements such as push-pull rods, levers, torque tubes etc. Design considerations for such MFCS include strength, stiffness, ergonomics, low circuit friction, kinematic feasibility etc. During the developmental flight trials, in one of the prototype aircraft, it was found that full control surface movement was not achieved under maximum aerodynamic load. This led to the reduction in efficiency of the system. Based on the analytical calculations and Finite Elemental (FE) simulations, it was found that considerable elastic deformation of mechanical elements as well as support structure had lowered the efficiency which was also validated experimentally. Although, aircraft handling qualities were found to be satisfactory during the normal flight testing, it was desirable to improve the efficiency of the MFCS. This paper broadly outlines the methodologies adopted to improve the efficiency of the existing control circuits considering aero-elasticity and structural design aspects
Estimation of Discharge Coefficient of Compartment Venting during Atmospheric Reentry of the Space Capsule
Authors: Mehta R. C.
Published: December 2023

The problem of re-pressurization of compartment of reentry space capsule through vent holes is formulated using equation of mass conservation, isentropic relation and perfect gas equation of state. Resulting, a one-dimensional nonlinear compressible transient equation is numerically integrated employing fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme in order to obtain compartment pressure using knowledge of the discharge coefficient of the orifice. An inverse venting analysis is carried out to estimate the discharge coefficient using measured and computed compartment pressure time history during the reentry phase of the space capsule. The inverse venting problem is solved using the Newton-Raphson method coupled with a direct-search algorithm utilizing pseudo-random numbers. The inverse venting algorithm estimates the discharge coefficient of the vent holes in a stepwise manner as a function of the reentry flight Mach number. The reconstructed compartment differential pressure is compared with pre- and post-flight data. It is observed that the estimated values of the discharge coefficient depend on the accuracy of the transmitted telemetry data, dispersion of the reentry trajectory, pressure acting on the base of the capsule and atmospheric pressure.
ORGANIZATION OF MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN AZERBAIJAN AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Aliev N.A. , Kafarov T.A. , Khakverdi E.R.
Published: December 2023

Purpose of the study. To study the organization of the psychiatric service in Azerbaijan and the prospects for its development. Material and research methods. Analysis of documents on mental health care in Azerbaijan and worldwide, the legal framework governing the legal status of mental disorders and other persons involved in mental health care. Results. Psychiatric care for the population should be provided in several directions: 1) highly qualified psychiatric care - inpatient psychiatric care; 2) specialized outpatient psychiatric care (neuropsychiatric (psychiatric) dispensaries); 3) psychiatrists in psychiatric offices of polyclinics; 4) doctors working in the primary health care system (field therapist and family doctor); 5) emergency psychiatric care. Conclusion. Mental health reforms have been identified as critical areas.
IMPLEMENTASI METODE MURAJA’AH DALAM PENINGKATAN KUALITAS HAFALAN AL-QUR’AN DI PONDOK PESANTREN AMANATUL QUR’AN PACET MOJOKERTO
Authors: Afidah Siti Inarotul , Anggraini Fina Surya
Published: December 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1) Kualitas hafalan Al Qur’an santri pada tingkat menengah (2) mengetahui penerapan metode murojaah pada tingkatan menengah dalam meningkatkan kualitas hafalan al qur'an di pondok pesantren Amanatul Qur'an dan (3) Untuk menganalisis dan memahami beberapa faktor pendukung dan penghambat yang ada pada tingkatan menengah   dalam implementasi metode murojaah untuk meningkatkan kualitas hafalan Al-Qur'an.

 Jenis penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian Case Study Research ( Studi Kasus ) dan bersifat deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan teknik analisis data meliputi reduksi, penyajian, dan vertifikasi data. Dari hasil penelitian yang sudah dilakukan sudah dapat disimpulkan sebagai berikut : (1) Kualitas hafalan pada tingkat menengah di pondok pesantren Amanatul Qur’an sudah bisa dikatakan baik jika dilihat dari beberapa indikator yang telah tentukan. Dan hal tersebut juga sudah bisa dibuktikan dari hasil evalusi yang sudah dilaksankan satu kali untuk per semesternya. (2) penerapan metode murajaah yang dilaksanakan pada tingkat menengah di pondok pesantren Amanatul Qur’an dilakukan dengan beberapa tahapan diantaranya yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap pengesahan ( tashih/setor ) dan tahap pengulangan. (3) Beberapa faktor pendukung pada penerapan Metode Muraja’ah di Pondok Pesantren Amanatul Qur’an yaitu adanya motivasi dari orang-orang terdekat, adanya kegiatan muraja’ah yang terkontrol dan lingkungan yang kondusif. Sedangkan faktor penghambatnya yaitu adanya rasa malas, tidak bisa mengatur waktu, dan ayat yang mudah lupa dan hilang.
COMPARISON OF ONLINE TEACHING AND TRADITIONAL TEACHING AT UNIVERSITY LEVEL
Authors: Dr. M. Naveed Khalid  , Aatika Aziz
Published: December 2023

This study was conducted for comparison of online teaching and traditional teaching at university level. Main aim of the study was to investigate the students’ opinion regarding the comparative effectiveness of online teaching and traditional teaching at university level. Descriptive survey design was used to achieve the aims of the study. Three thousand four hundred and ninety nine (3499) students (1638 males and 1861 females) are studying at BS, Masters, MS\M.PHIL and PhD level in the faculties\departments of Education, English, Mathematics and Computer Sciences of university of Okara constituted the population of the study. As the population of the  study was large enough; therefore, the researcher used convenient sampling technique to select the sample and finally, 601 students (281 males and 320 females) were selected. A 33-item questionnaire for students was used to investigate the students’ opinion regarding online teaching and traditional teaching at university level. Six hundred and twenty nine (629) questionnaires for students were distributed among the participants and 601 of students’ questionnaire were finally returned. Researcher used both the descriptive statistics and inferential statistical techniques to analyze the collected data of 601 participants by using SPSS. Overall results revealed that the majority participants are of the point of view that traditional methods of teaching are comparatively more effective and convenient than online teaching methods at university level.
Physical and mechanical properties of cement with the addition of flotation tailings of lead-zinc production
Authors: Усманов Х.Л. , Кадырова З.Р. , Ниязова Ш.М.
Published: December 2023

В статье рассмотрена возможность использования хвос­тов флотации свинцовообогатительной фабрики (СОФ) Алмалыкского горно-металлургического комбината в качестве минеральной добавки взамен природного глиежа. Определены физико-механические свойства цемента, содержащих добавку СОФ в различных количествах, изучены процессы гидратации и твердения. Приведены результаты опытных испытаний в производственных условиях.

The article considers the possibility of using flotation tailings of the lead-zinc enrichment factory (LZEF) at the Almalyk mining-and-metallurgical combine as a mineral additive instead of the natural burnt clay. The physical and mechanical properties of cement containing the additive from LZEF in different quantities have been determined, the processes of hydration and hardening have been studied. The results of experimental tests under production conditions are given.
Development of cement matrix composition for immobilization of alkaline high-activity waste from radiochemical production
Authors: Парутин К.А. , Шайдуллин С.М. , Ремизова В.А. , Козлов П.В.
Published: December 2023

Выбрана область оптимальных матричных составов на основе доменного шлака с добавками бентонита и метакаолина для отверждения модельного щелочного раствора высокоактивных отходов. Исследования проведены с использованием математического метода планирования эксперимента на симплексе. Определены основные показатели шлакощелочных компаундов, зафиксированные в нормативных требованиях к цементированным радиоактивным отходам. Получены данные о механической прочности исходных образцов цементных компаундов и образцов после циклов замораживания— оттаивания, а также о скорости выщелачивания 137Cs из цементного компаунда. Исследована механическая прочность цементного компаунда после длительного пребывания в воде.

The area of optimal matrix compositions based on blast furnace slag with bentonite and metakaolin additives for solidification of model alkaline solution of high-activity waste has been selected. The investigations were carried out using the mathematical method of simplex experi-ment planning. The main parameters of slag-alkali compounds fixed in the regulatory requirements for cemented radioactive waste have been determined. The data on mechanical strength of initial samples of cement compounds and samples after freezing—thawing cycles are obtained. The data on the rate of 137Cs leaching from the cement compound were obtained. The mechanical strength of cement compound after a prolonged stay in water was investigated.
Structural and heat insulating foam concrete made with drill cuttings
Authors:  Стешенко А.Б. ,  Кудяков А.И. ,  Копаница Н.О.
Published: December 2023

В статье приведены результаты исследований влияния бурового шлама на свойства цементной пенобетонной смеси и пенобетона естественного твердения. Для обустройства и строительства объектов нефтегазовых месторождений предложено использовать буровой шлам (побочный продукт нефтедобычи) в качестве мелкого заполнителя при изготовлении конструкционно­теплоизоляционного пенобетона. Замена кремнеземистого песка на такой шлам позволит решить проблемы ресурсного обеспечения неавтоклавного пенобетона каче ственным мелким заполнителем на местах обустройства месторождений, а также утилизировать буровой шлам как отход. Час тичная или полная замена песка на буровой шлам в технологии приготовления неавтоклавного пенобетона позволяет увеличить прочность последнего на сжатие в возрасте 28 сут. Исследования проведены в аккредитованной испытательной лаборатории «Стромтест» Томского государственного архитектурно­строи тельного университета. Разработанный состав цементного пенобетона рекомендован для строительства монолитных стен на строительной площадке или при изготовлении в заводских условиях стеновых блоков для индивидуального жилищного строительства.

The article presents the results of drill cuttings effect upon the properties of cement foam concrete mix and naturally cured foam concrete. Drilling cuttings (a by-product of oil extraction) are suggested to be used as a fine aggregate for constructive and heatinsulating foam concrete for the development and construction of oil and gas fields. The replacement of silica sand with cuttings will address the problem of resources for producing non-autoclaved foam concrete with high-quality fine aggregate at field development sites, and also utilize drilling cuttings as a waste product. Partial or complete replacement of sand with drill cuttings in the technology of non-autoclaved foam concrete allows to increase the compressive strength of the latter at the age of 28 days. The research was carried out in the accredited Stromtest testing laboratory of the Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. The developed composition of cement foam concrete is recommended for the construction of cast-in-situ walls at the construction site or for the manufacture of prefabricated wall blocks for individual housing construction.
Activity of low-calcium fly ash in phosphate hardening binders
Authors:  Брыков А.С. ,  Воронков М.Е.
Published: December 2023

Легкие, прочные и термостойкие структуры, получаемые при взаимодействии низкокальциевых зол-уноса с фосфорной кислотой, могут представлять интерес для технологии теплоизоляционных высокотемпературных материалов. Однако активность зол-уноса в отношении взаимодействия с растворами ортофосфорной кислоты и способность формировать искусственный камень в результате этого взаимодействия зависят от химического состава и природы стеклофазы золы. Из представленных в данной работе примеров следует, что наряду с золами-уносом, которые легко вступают в эту реакцию при обычной температуре, существуют также золы, проявляющие заметную активность в смесях с H3PO4 только в условиях повышенных температур или остающиеся инертными даже в этих условиях. Результатом химического взаимодействия золы с кислотой является фосфатный камень, прочность которого достигает 10 МПа и более (при плотности 1,4—1,5 г/см3), а после обжига при 900 °C —  порядка 15 МПа (при плотности 1,2 г/см3).

Light, strong and heat-resistant structures obtained by the interaction of low-calcium fly ash with phosphoric acid may be of interest for the technology of heat-insulating high-temperature materials. However, the activity of fly ash in the interaction with solutions of orthophosphoric acid and the ability to form artificial stone as a result of this interaction depend on the chemical composition and nature of the glass phase of the ash. From the examples presented in this work, it follows that, along with fly ash, which easily enters this reaction at ordinary temperatures, there exist also ashes that show noticeable activity  in mixtures with H3PO4 only at higher temperatures or remain inert even under these conditions. The result of the chemical interaction of ash with acid is phosphate rock whose strength reaches 10 MPa or more (at a density of 1.4—1.5 g/cm3), and after firing at 900° C — about 15 MPa (at a density of 1.2 g/cm3).
High performance concrete of increased resistance to biological corrosion
Authors: Соловьева В.Я. , Степанова И.В. , Соловьев Д.В.
Published: December 2023

Показано, что повышенная устойчивость бетона к биологической коррозии, достигается при использовании высокоэффективной комплексной химической добавки, содержащей реакционно-активные нанодисперсные частицы диоксида кремния в сочетании с оксидом хрома Cr2O3. Такая добавка обеспечивает формирование высокоплотной структуры бетона с низкой пористостью, а также образование труднорастворимых новых гидратных фаз, которое, возможно, способствует повышению его прочности и устойчивости к воздействию продуктов жизнедеятельности микроорганизмов.

It is shown that an increased resistance of concrete to biological corrosion can be achieved by using a high-performance complex chemical admixture containing reactive nanodispersed particles of silicon dioxide in combination with chromium oxide Cr2O3. Such an additive supports the formation of high-density concrete structure with low porosity, as well as the formation of poorly soluble new hydrate phases, which possibly contributes to the increase of its strength and resistance to the effects of biofouling by microorganisms.
Effects of Domestic Violence During Pregnancy on Fetal Health in Tertiary hospital, Nepal
Authors: Prajapati Laxmi Maiya , Shrestha S.
Published: December 2023

Domestic Violence against pregnant women is legally and socially punishable though the prevalence of such violence is reported in Nepal also. The study was conducted with the objective is to identify the effects of domestic violence during Pregnancy on fetal health(outcomes in newborns).The study was conducted among the 804 newborns of admitted Postnatal women who were interviewed about domestic violence during pregnancy in the Dhulikhel hospital-Kathmandu University Hospital in the Kavre district. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the respondents 'babies and data obtained from newborns’ hospital records. The study found that the effects of economic violence were high on low birth weight followed by the effects of psychological violence. Though, there were no statistically significant effects of violence on fetal health of interviewees about domestic violence during pregnancy prematurity, post-maturity, low birth weight, Asphyxia, and other health problem. Future research can be done in other parts of Nepal covering the rural women who are from the poor and illiterate groups. Keywords: Domestic violence, Pregnancy, Effects on Fetal & Women’ Health.
Evolution of Microfinance and Its Relevance in Nepal
Authors: Gautam Jagannath
Published: December 2023

This research paper seeks to explore the evolution of microfinance in Nepal and its potential contributions to the nation's inclusive growth. This study employs a comprehensive and interdisciplinary approach, incorporating data from various sources, including government reports, academic research, and field observations. The research uncovers the historical development of microfinance in Nepal, tracing its roots from early government initiatives to the emergence of non-governmental organizations and international models. The paper also presents case studies showcasing the impact of microfinance on poverty reduction, women's empowerment, and financial inclusion in rural and urban areas. Challenges such as interest rates, regulatory frameworks, and accessibility are discussed in detail. Furthermore, the study explores the future prospects of microfinance in Nepal, emphasizing the role of technological innovations and financial product diversification's research paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the relevance of microfinance in Nepal, shedding light on its historical evolution, impact on poverty reduction, challenges, and future prospects. It highlights the critical role microfinance plays in providing financial services to marginalized populations in a diverse and geographically challenging nation. The paper concludes by underlining the continued importance of microfinance in Nepal's socio-economic development and the need for innovative solutions to address the challenges it faces. Keywords: Microfinance, Poverty alleviation, Economic development, Financial inclusion, evolution
ჩინეთის სისხლის სამართლის ახალი განვითარება
Authors: ვანგი შიცჰოუ
Published: December 2023

1979 წელს ჩინეთის სახალხო რესპუბლიკის სისხლის სამართლის კოდექსის გამოქვეყნებისა და 1997 წელს გადასინჯვის შემდეგ, ეს კოდექსი შესწორდა და დაემატა 11 სისხლისსამართლებრივი ცვლილება და 14 საკანონმდებლო განმარტება. შინაარსობრივითვალსაზრისით, სისხლისსამართლებირვი ცვლილებები და საკანონმდებლო განმარტებები, რომლებიც კოდექსში შეიტანეს 2010 წლის შემდეგ, ასახავს ჩინეთის სისხლის სამართლის ახალ განვითარებას. ამ ნაშრომში განმარტებულია ამ ახალი განვითარების ძირითადი ფორმები და მახასიათებლები. მასში აღწერილია საკანონმდებლო ზომები სიკვდილით დასჯის გაუქმებისა და ,,შეწყნარებისა და სიმკაცრის შერწყმის“ სისხლისსამართლებრივი პოლიტიკის იმპლემენტაციის შესახებ. იგი განმარტავს ახალ ზომებს ეროვნული უსაფრთხოების და ეროვნული ღირსების დაცვისა და ტერორიზმისა და კორუფციის წინააღმდეგ ბრძოლაში. ახალი დებულებების შეჯამება მოცემულია ინფორმაციული ქსელის, მოქალაქეთა პირადი ინფორმაციის, სოციალური მთლიანობისა და საზოგადოებრივი წესრიგის, გარემოს, ფინანსური წესრიგის, ინტელექტუალური საკუთრების უფლებების, არასრულწლოვანთა, საგზაო მოძრაობის უსაფრთხოების, საკვებისა და წამლების უსაფრთხოების თვალსაზრისით. შინაარსში მოცემულია ინფორმაციული ქსელის, მოქალაქეთა პირადი ინფორმაციის, სოციალური მთლიანობისა და საზოგადოებრივი წესრიგის, გარემოს, ფინანსური წესრიგის, ინტელექტუალური საკუთრების უფლებების, არასრულწლოვანთა, საგზაო მოძრაობის უსაფრთხოების, საკვებისა და წამლების უსაფრთხოების შესახებ ახალი ხედვა. გარდა ამისა, განიხილება თეორიულ და პრაქტიკულ სფეროებში ფართოდ გავრეცებული, როგორიცაა საკითხები არასრულწლოვანთა მიმართ სისხლისსამართლებრივი პასუხისმგებლობის ასაკის, ჩინეთის სისხლის სამართლის კანონმდებლობის ტენდენციის, სისხლის სამართლის დებულებების დამკვიდრებისა და სისხლის სამართლის კანონის გამოყენების შესახებ.
ამოცანით მართვის ცნების გაგებისათვის
Authors: მღვდელაძე გვანცა
Published: December 2023

საქართველოს თავდაცვის ძალებში 2016-2017 წლებიდან აქტიურად ინერგება მართვის ახალი მეთოდი სახელწოდებით „ამოცანით მართვა“. ამ მეთოდის დანერგვა განაპირობა საქართველოსა და მსოფლიოს უახლეს ისტორიაში მომხდარი სამხედრო კონფლიქტებისრთულმა და არაპროგნოზირებადმა ბუნებამ. ამოცანით მართვის არსი ის არის, რომ მისი გამოყენება ხელს უწყობს რთულ რელიეფურ პირობებში რიცხობრივად და აღჭურვილობით გაცილებით ძლიერ მოწინააღმდეგეზე უპირატესობის მოპოვებას, გამოყენებასა და შენარჩუნებას. „სწორედ „ამოცანით მართვა“ არის მართვის ის მეთოდი, რომელიც ეფექტურად უზრუნველყოფს კომპლექსური სამხედრო ოპერაციების მხარდაჭერას ქვეყნის წინაშე არსებულ საფრთხეებზე რეაგირების პროცესში“. (mod.gov.ge)

ტერმინოლოგიური შესიტყვებაც „ამოცანით მართვა“ (ინგ. mission command) ახალი დამკვიდრებულია თავდაცვის ძალებში. მიუხედავად იმისა, რომ ბევრნაირად შეიძლება ითარგმნოს ინგლისურიდან, არჩევანი სწორედ „ამოცანით მართვაზე“ შეჩერდა.
Legal Protection of Medical Staff in Hospitals during The Covid-19 Pandemic Era
Authors: Ruslina Elli , Sekarsari Rita
Published: December 2023

This research begins with the Covid-19 pandemic which requires serious control because it has had a dangerous impact on society, especially health workers in hospitals. The research focus is aimed at the legal protection of health workers in hospitals and the state's responsibility for health workers. The research method used is library research, which is a method used by studying literature such as books, legislation and articles, journals related to the subject matter. Primary data used in field research, through interviews with related parties, namely hospitals and health workers. The focus of the discussion is to emphasize more on laws and regulations related to Social Distancing / Physical Distancing policies as regulations for legal protection of health workers as the frontline and state responsibility for health workers. The results showed that various laws and regulations as a policy for handling Covid-19 cannot be realized concretely in the field because they are related to different bureaucracy and implementation. The role of the state in the responsibility for health workers is not The responsibility of the state in this case is that the Government and Administrators of Health Service Facilities are obliged to ensure the sustainability of the availability of standardized Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for health workers who work in health service facilities.
LEGAL PROPERTIES OF INDEMNITY AS PREVENTION OF OWNERSHIP AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CONVERSION OF LAND RIGHTS BASED ON LAW NUMBER 5 YEAR 1960 CONCERNING AGRARY BASICS
Authors: Pemerhati Rasa Wita , Subarsyah  , Sumantry Deden
Published: December 2023

Many lands have not been registered or have not had a certificate but have been owned by community members with evidence of a land certificate issued by the village head. These unregistered lands are generally found in rural areas where a village head's land certificate only proves land ownership rights. This study questions the concept of the basis for the Indemnity Certificate as the initial evidence of the implementation of the Conversion of SKGR legal status as preliminary evidence of performance and legal protection against the holder of the indemnity certificate in the implementation of the transformation based on Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning the Agrarian Principles. The research method used is descriptive analysis with normative juridical research specifications. Secondary data as primary legal material, the research stage in the form of literature study and field data and data collection techniques used in the form of literature study and to complete data are used field data, data analysis used is in the form of linking legal theory with one statutory regulation with one another. Research Results from the concept of a title in the form of a Compensation Certificate as the initial evidence of the implementation of the Conversion Based on Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Agrarian Principles, this compensation certificate is made by interested parties, namely the party whose land is compensated and the party giving the loss (the buyer). The concept is quite simple, starting with the head of the local community's testimony, then it is found out by the Village Head that it was confirmed by the and witnesses. Legal Status of Indemnity Certificate as Preliminary Evidence of the implementation of the Conversion based on Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Agrarian Principles, every holder of a Compensation Certificate is obliged to convert the base of their rights in the land registration system. Preventive legal protection provided to Land Ownership Certificate Holders in good faith, which is regulated in the provisions of Article 32 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2) of Government Regulation Number 24 of 1997 concerning Land Registration which states that: Paragraph (1): certificate is a proof of rights which is valid as a powerful means of burden proof.