bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the fidelity of supported education programs for first‐episode psychosis to the supported employment guidelines adapted for education
Authors: Thibaudeau Elisabeth , Lecomte Tania , Corbière Marc , Abdel‐Baki Amal , Simard Andréanne , Roy Marc‐André , Cellard Caroline
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Psychotic disorders are associated with academic difficulties. Supported Employment Program (SEP) guidelines have become the gold standard to improve occupational functioning in psychotic disorders. More recently, these guidelines have been adapted to education. In Canada, several community organizations and hospital programs offer supported education to young people with psychotic disorders. However, SEP guidelines are not systematically used. The objective of this study was to assess the fidelity of 6 Canadian (Quebec) organizations offering supported education services to young people with psychotic disorders to the SEP guidelines adapted to education.

Methods

Six sites offering educational services to young people with psychotic disorders were recruited. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with one supported education professional and one manager of each site, using the Quality of Supported Education Implementation Scale (QSEDIS). This new scale has been developed from the Quality of Supported Employment Implementation Scale. The QSEDIS assesses the fidelity of the quality of the implementation of supported education programs, using three subscales (Employees, Organization and Services).

Results

Acceptable fidelity scores were observed in the three QSEDIS subscales for all six sites combined. The Services subscale received the highest score of fidelity (4.4/5), followed by the Supported Education Employee (4.1/5) and the Organization (3.7/5).

Conclusion

The results suggest that supported education services offered to young people with psychotic disorders in the six sites are generally consistent with SEP guidelines adapted to education. Further research is warranted to validate whether acceptable SEP guidelines fidelity according to the QSEDIS translates into educational outcomes.
Integrating hands‐on practical and reflective feedback in teaching dental materials science to undergraduate dental students
Authors: Lin Galvin Sim Siang , Foong Chan Choong
Published: April 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to develop a module that incorporates hands‐on and reflective feedback in teaching dental materials science and subsequently analyse undergraduate dental students' learning experiences with the module.

Materials and Methods

The module was developed based on the ADDIE (Analyse, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate) model. First, a need analysis was conducted, followed by designing the module to address the needs. Next, the module sought experts' feedback and was piloted. The revised module was implemented among all second‐year undergraduate dental students. Finally, a validated questionnaire (5‐point Likert scale items and open‐ended questions) was used to evaluate students' learning experiences. The questionnaire Likert scale items were analysed descriptively, whereas open‐ended responses were analysed using content analysis.

Results

In the analysis phase, a slight misalignment in cognitive competency levels was observed, alongside a need for the inclusion of more hands‐on activities. In the design phase, learning objectives and resources were listed. Subsequently, a module consisting of four teaching sessions (3 h each) was developed, and the pilot test showed favourable feedback. The module was then implemented in small groups of 10–12 students. In the evaluation phase, 72 students (97% response rate) completed the questionnaire. The majority of students agreed with all items, with mean scores ranging from 4.53 to 4.72. Open‐ended responses highlighted that hands‐on activities and reflective feedback sessions were useful.

Conclusion

Students demonstrated positive learning experiences after participating in the module, advocating for dental educators to consider more hands‐on activities and reflective feedback sessions in teaching dental materials science.
Lipid nanoparticle mediated small interfering RNA delivery as a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ahmed Tanvir
Published: April 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition that exhibits a gradual decline in cognitive function and is prevalent among a significant number of individuals globally. The use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules in RNA interference (RNAi) presents a promising therapeutic strategy for AD. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been developed as a delivery vehicle for siRNA, which can selectively suppress target genes, by enhancing cellular uptake and safeguarding siRNA from degradation. Numerous research studies have exhibited the effectiveness of LNP‐mediated siRNA delivery in reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) levels and enhancing cognitive function in animal models of AD. The feasibility of employing LNP‐mediated siRNA delivery as a therapeutic approach for AD is emphasized by the encouraging outcomes reported in clinical studies for other medical conditions. The use of LNP‐mediated siRNA delivery has emerged as a promising strategy to slow down or even reverse the progression of AD by targeting the synthesis of tau phosphorylation and other genes linked to the condition. Improvement of the delivery mechanism and determination of the most suitable siRNA targets are crucial for the efficacious management of AD. This review focuses on the delivery of siRNA through LNPs as a promising therapeutic strategy for AD, based on the available literature.
Fitness surfaces and local thermal adaptation in Drosophila along a latitudinal gradient
Authors: Alruiz José M. , Peralta‐Maraver Ignacio , Cavieres Grisel , Bozinovic Francisco , Rezende Enrico L.
Published: April 2024

Local adaptation is commonly cited to explain species distribution, but how fitness varies along continuous geographical gradients is not well understood. Here, we combine thermal biology and life‐history theory to demonstrate that Drosophila populations along a 2500 km latitudinal cline are adapted to local conditions. We measured how heat tolerance and viability rate across eight populations varied with temperature in the laboratory and then simulated their expected cumulative Darwinian fitness employing high‐resolution temperature data from their eight collection sites. Simulations indicate a trade‐off between annual survival and cumulative viability, as both mortality and the recruitment of new flies are predicted to increase in warmer regions. Importantly, populations are locally adapted and exhibit the optimal combination of both traits to maximize fitness where they live. In conclusion, our method is able to reconstruct fitness surfaces employing empirical life‐history estimates and reconstructs peaks representing locally adapted populations, allowing us to study geographic adaptation in silico.
Thalamic stereoelectroencephalography for neuromodulation target selection: Proof of concept and review of literature of pulvinar direct electrical stimulation
Authors: Ikegaya Naoki , Aung Thandar , Mallela Arka , Hect Jasmine L. , Damiani Arianna , Gonzalez‐Martinez Jorge A.
Published: April 2024

In patients with drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) who are not candidates for resective surgery, various thalamic nuclei, including the anterior, centromedian, and pulvinar nuclei, have been extensively investigated as targets for neuromodulation. However, the therapeutic effects of different targets for thalamic neuromodulation on various types of epilepsy are not well understood. Here, we present a 32‐year‐old patient with multifocal bilateral temporoparieto‐occipital epilepsy and bilateral malformations of cortical development (MCDs) who underwent bilateral stereoelectroencephalographic (SEEG) recordings of the aforementioned three thalamic nuclei bilaterally. The change in the rate of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) from baseline were compared in temporal, central, parietal, and occipital regions after direct electrical stimulation (DES) of each thalamic nucleus. A significant decrease in the rate of IEDs (33% from baseline) in the posterior quadrant regions was noted in the ipsilateral as well as contralateral hemisphere following DES of the pulvinar. A scoping review was also performed to better understand the current standpoint of pulvinar thalamic stimulation in the treatment of DRE. The therapeutic effect of neuromodulation can differ among thalamic nuclei targets and epileptogenic zones (EZs). In patients with multifocal EZs with extensive MCDs, personalized thalamic targeting could be achieved through DES with thalamic SEEG electrodes.
A qualitative exploration of the barriers and facilitators to self‐managing multiple long‐term conditions amongst people experiencing socioeconomic deprivation
Authors: Woodward Abi , Nimmons Danielle , Davies Nathan , Walters Kate , Stevenson Fiona A. , Protheroe Joanne , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Armstrong Megan
Published: April 2024

Background

Globally, it is estimated that one in three adults live with two or more long‐term conditions (multiple long‐term conditions, MLTCs), that require self‐management. People who experience socioeconomic deprivation face significant health inequalities due to a range of interrelated characteristics that lead to a lack of resources and opportunities. Previous research with underserved populations indicate low levels of trust towards primary care providers and potential barriers for developing patient‐healthcare professional relationships. The purpose of this paper is to explore the barriers and facilitators to self‐managing MLTCs, amongst people who experience socioeconomic deprivation.

Methods

Semistructured one‐to‐one interviews with adults (n = 28) living in London and Sheffield, United Kingdom with MLTCs who are experiencing socioeconomic deprivation. Participants were recruited through general practices, community channels and social media. Data were analysed in NVivo using reflexive thematic analysis methods.

Findings

Four analytical themes were developed: (1) challenges in accessing healthcare services, financial assistance, and cultural awareness; (2) empowerment and disempowerment through technology, including digital exclusion, and use of technology; (3) impact and causes of exclusion on self‐management, including social isolation, area‐based and economic exclusion, and health‐related stigma and (4) adapting self‐management strategies, including cost‐effective, and culturally/lifestyle appropriate strategies.

Conclusions

Future health interventions and services need to be developed with consideration of the combined complexities of managing MLTCs while experiencing socioeconomic deprivation. Increased awareness in practitioners and commissioners of the complexities surrounding the lives of people experiencing socioeconomic deprivation, and the need for targeted strategies to promote self‐management of MLTCs are of great importance.

Patient or Public Contribution

A patient advisory group contributed to all stages of the study, including providing important feedback on study documents (topic guides and recruitment materials), as well as providing critical insights surrounding the interpretation of interview data.
Academic–practice partnerships in evidence‐based nursing practice: A theory‐guided scoping review
Authors: Halili Xirongguli , Xia Yuting , Li Zeen , Tang Siyuan , Wang Honghong , Chen Qirong
Published: April 2024

Background

Academic–practice partnerships have the potential to solve many challenges in evidence‐based nursing practice which is crucial for high‐quality care.

Aims

To identify the existing knowledge on academic–practice partnerships in evidence‐based nursing practice.

Methods

We conducted this review following the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology. We performed a comprehensive literature search of nine databases as well as five websites for gray literature. Two researchers independently conducted literature screening and data extraction and analysis. A third researcher was involved when needed.

Results

Dedicated time, dedicated resources, and compatible goals were found to be the top three inputs in academic–practice partnerships for evidence‐based nursing practice. Meeting and discussion were the most popular forms of activities. Sufficient resources were the most important facilitators. Insufficient resources, insufficient time, and communication issues were the top three barriers.

Conclusions

The assumption proposed in the practice–academic partnership logic model (i.e., inputs plus activities can lead to outputs and outcomes) was preliminarily verified by the results of this review in the context of evidence‐based nursing practice. Academic–practice partnerships can leverage the advantages of both sides to overcome barriers and promote evidence‐based nursing practice. However, it is essential to conduct a broader range of high‐quality studies. Such endeavors could offer more comprehensive evidence for refining the framework of academic–practice partnerships in evidence‐based nursing practice.

Implications for nursing education, practice, policy and research

The “theoretical framework of academic–practice partnerships in evidence‐based nursing practice” could theoretically guide academic and clinical nursing staff to collaborate on evidence‐based nursing practice and related research and education programs. The academic–practice partnerships in evidence‐based nursing practice could lead to a win‐win situation for both the academic and the clinical sides. Furthermore, the results of this study provide an evidence‐based foundation for policymakers to develop supportive policies for academic–practice partnerships in evidence‐based nursing practice.
Evaluating Pilot Implementation of ‘PenCS Flu Topbar’ App in Medical Practices to Improve National Immunisation Program–Funded Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Central Queensland, Australia
Authors: Khandaker Gulam , Chapman Gwenda , Khan Arifuzzaman , Al Imam Mahmudul Hassan , Menzies Robert , Smoll Nicolas , Walker Jacina , Kirk Michael , Wiley Kerrie
Published: April 2024

Background

The ‘PenCS Flu Topbar’ app was deployed in Central Queensland (CQ), Australia, medical practices through a pilot programme in March 2021.

Methods

We evaluated the app's user experience and examined whether the introduction of ‘PenCS Flu Topbar’ in medical practices could improve the coverage of NIP‐funded influenza vaccinations. We conducted a mixed‐method study including a qualitative analysis of in‐depth interviews with key end‐users and a quantitative analysis of influenza vaccine administrative data.

Results

‘PenCS Flu Topbar’ app users reported positive experiences identifying patients eligible for NIP‐funded seasonal influenza vaccination. A total of 3606 NIP‐funded influenza vaccinations was administered in the eight intervention practices, 14% higher than the eight control practices. NIP‐funded vaccination coverage within practices was significantly higher in the intervention practices (31.2%) than in the control practices (27.3%) (absolute difference: 3.9%; 95% CI: 2.9%–5.0%; p < 0.001). The coverage was substantially higher in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people aged more than 6 months, pregnant women and children aged 6 months to less than 5 years for the practices where the app was introduced when compared to control practices: incidence rate ratio (IRR) 2.4 (95% CI: 1.8–3.2), IRR 2.7 (95% CI: 1.8–4.2) and IRR 2.3 (1.8–2.9) times higher, respectively.

Conclusions

Our evaluation indicated that the ‘PenCS Flu Topbar’ app is useful for identifying the patients eligible for NIP‐funded influenza vaccination and is likely to increase NIP‐funded influenza vaccine coverage in the eligible populations. Future impact evaluation including a greater number of practices and a wider geographical area is essential.
The effect of maternal sleep quality in late pregnancy on prenatal, birth and early postnatal outcomes
Authors: Abay Halime , Öztürk Gülmez Begüm , Kaplan Sena
Published: April 2024

This cross‐sectional study investigated the effect of maternal sleep quality in late pregnancy on prenatal, birth and early postnatal outcomes. The research was conducted in three parts with women at 28 or more weeks of gestation. In the first part, pregnant women admitted for delivery were evaluated in terms of eligibility criteria. Pregnant women in the latent phase of labour completed the Prenatal Questionnaire. In the second part, labour follow‐up was performed. The researchers completed the Birth Follow‐up Questionnaire based on observations and hospital birth records. In the third part, mothers were interviewed between the 12th and 24th hour of postnatal. Participants filled out the Postnatal Questionnaire, the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (n = 385). The data were analysed using the chi‐square independence test, Fisher test, independent samples t‐test, effect sizes, and binary logistic regression analysis. Participants had a mean maternal sleep quality score of 4.00 ± 1.38. They slept for 7.53 ± 0.92 hr on average. One‐third of the participants were poor sleepers (32.2%). Employed participants were 71.6% less likely to have poor maternal sleep quality than their non‐employed counterparts (odds ratio = 0.29, 95% confidence interval: 0.13–0.62; p = 0.002). The odds of poor maternal sleep quality increased by 13.7% when maternal weight gain during pregnancy increased by 1 kg (odds ratio = 1.14, 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.26; p = 0.014). Increased maternal sleep quality positively affected the birth process (p < 0.05). Healthcare professionals should routinely screen the maternal sleep quality of pregnant women and increase their sleep hygiene.
Changes in species richness with climate change in subalpine communities are dependent on regional environmental conditions and local functional composition
Authors: Michalet Richard , Delpy Ida , Eisenberg Auriane , Hostein Colin , Touzard Blaise , Gross Nicolas , Pottier Julien
Published: April 2024

Questions

Climate change may have different effects on species richness depending on regional climates, soil types and the functional composition of local communities.

Location

Subalpine belt of the Grandes Rousses (Alps) and Sancy mountain ranges (the Massif Central), France.

Methods

We compared changes in species richness in response to recent climate change in communities from two mountain ranges subjected to contrasting environmental conditions, with a more continental climate and drier soils in the Alps than in the Massif Central. Vegetation composition of 189 and 157 plots was assessed in 1997 and 2017–2018 in the Alps and 1988–1989 and 2022 in the Massif Central, respectively. Five species traits (height, lateral spread, leaf area, specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content) were measured on 108 and 144 species, respectively. Changes in vegetation composition and species richness along spatial environmental gradients were analysed with correspondence analysis at the Sancy site and canonical correspondence analysis at the Alpe d'Huez site. Changes in functional composition across sites were analysed with principal components analysis. Changes in species richness with climate change were analysed with repeated‐measure ANOVAs.

Results

In both mountain ranges summer temperatures increased and the hydric balance decreased over the past three decades, but snow cover duration decreased in the Alps only, whereas irradiance strongly increased in the Massif Central only. Functional composition was characterized by shorter and more conservative species in the Alps than in the Massif Central, which was dominated by tall exploitative species. Species richness overall decreased with climate change by ca 10% in the Alps but overall increased by ca 10% in the Massif Central. Species richness decreased in the Alps probably because of increasing competition induced by dwarf shrub encroachment due to decreasing snow cover duration, whereas species richness increased in the Massif Central probably due to increasing irradiance in a very nebulous climate.

Conclusion

The opposite changes in species richness observed in the two mountain ranges with recent climate change were likely to be explained by their contrasting climate and soil conditions driving different functional compositions and diversity–environment relationships.
IMF screws with orthodontic E chains as a novel technique for intermaxillary fixation
Authors: Baptist Joanna , Parachuri Venkatesh Naidu , Shetty Premalatha , Madhu Sandeep Kalarikal
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Either in conservative or in surgical management of maxillo‐mandibular fractures, intermaxillary fixation (IMF) provides stable occlusion, while offering reduction in the fractured segments. Various techniques have been used for achieving IMF, among which Erich arch bar is the most conventional and routinely used technique. However, it poses a risk of percutaneous injury to the surgical team with every wire used in the technique, causes trauma to the periodontium of the teeth secured by wires and it is not very comfortable for the patient. The few IMF techniques that are recommended without wire require special armamentarium that are not universally available.

Materials and Methods

Our novel IMF technique employing multiple looping of orthodontic E chains around IMF screws can provide adequate reduction and stabilization of the fractured segments with good occlusion before plating of the maxillo‐mandibular fractures. It can also be utilized for extended periods for closed reduction or postoperatively for guiding the occlusion.

Results

As seen in our clinical experience using this novel technique, there is no risk of percutaneous injury to the surgical team. It provides stable occlusion, optimal reduction in the fractured segments and is accepted well by patients as no wires are used.

Conclusion

This novel technique can be used in all patients who require IMF and is particularly useful in patients with periodontally compromised teeth or in those who are partially edentulous where conventional arch bar fixation cannot be performed. This technique will considerably reduce the operative time and aid in better patient compliance.
Korea's Practice on Refugee Protection: Focusing on the Refugee Act and Relevant Court Cases
Authors: Lee Seryon , Lee Seokwoo , Kim Angela Semee
Published: April 2024

The Republic of Korea became the first country in East Asia to enact its own refugee law, which has been in force since 2013. While the enactment of the new Refugee Act provided a critical momentum for Korea's refugee policy to shift from mere immigration control to a more human rights–based approach, Korea has often come under fire for its low rate of refugee admittance. As the number of refugee applicants in Korea has drastically surged in recent years, there remain important issues such as improving the efficiency of the refugee admissions process. This article explores the key provisions of Korea's Refugee Act along with recent legislative proposals to amend the Refugee Act, and it highlights some court decisions related to refugee issues. By analyzing the relevant law, court cases, and government policies of Korea, this article explores the possibility of setting Korea up as a good exemplar of upholding the values of refugee protection in the Asian region.
RNA M6A modification shaping cutaneous melanoma tumor microenvironment and predicting immunotherapy response
Authors: Wu Yanhong , He Hongying , Zheng Kairong , Qin Zhenxin , Cai Naikun , Zuo Shuguang , Zhu Xiao
Published: April 2024

Recent years have seen rising mortality rates linked to cutaneous melanoma (SKCM), despite advances in immunotherapy. Understanding RNA N6‐methyladenosine (M6A) significance in SKCM is crucial for prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), immune cell presence, and immunotherapy efficacy. We analyzed 23 M6A regulators using SKCM samples from TCGA and GEO databases, identifying three M6A modification patterns linked to TME cell infiltration. Principal component analysis (PCA) yielded an M6A score for individual tumors, utilizing patient gene expression profiles and CNV data from TCGA. M6A modification patterns play a crucial role in SKCM development and progression, influencing tumor attributes such as inflammatory stage, subtype, TME interstitial activity, and genetic mutations. The M6A score independently predicts patient outcomes and correlates with improved response to immunotherapy, validated across anti‐PD‐1 and anti‐PD‐L1 therapy cohorts. M6A modifications significantly impact the TME landscape, with the M6A score serving as a predictive marker for immunotherapy response. Integrating M6A‐related information into clinical practice could revolutionize SKCM management and treatment strategies.
“It was classed as a nonemergency”: Women's experiences of kidney disease and preconception decision‐making, family planning, and parenting in the United Kingdom during COVID‐19
Authors: Laughlin Leah Mc , Noyes Jane , Neukirchinger Barbara , Williams Denitza , Phillips Rhiannon , Griffin Sian
Published: April 2024

Objectives

To investigate the experiences of women with kidney disease, residing in the United Kingdom (UK), living through the first 18 months of the COVID‐19 pandemic with specific focus on preconception decision‐making, family planning, and parenting.

Methods

We conducted a mixed‐methods study, comprising an online survey and follow‐up interviews, with UK‐resident women aged 18–50.

Results

We received 431 surveys and conducted 30 interviews. Half (n = 221, 51%) of the survey respondents considered that COVID‐19 influenced the quality of communication with healthcare professionals and 68% (n = 295) felt that the pandemic disrupted their support networks. Interview participants indicated that delayed and canceled appointments caused anxiety, grief, and loss of pregnancy options. Women's perception of themselves as (good) mothers as well as their capacity to have and raise a child, meet partners, and sustain healthy relationships was negatively affected by the “clinically extremely vulnerable” label. Women's trust in their healthcare was dismantled by miscommunication and variation in lockdown rules that caused confusion and increased worry. Women reported that COVID‐19 contributed to postnatal depression, excessive concern over infant mortality, preoccupation over others following rules, and catastrophising.

Conclusion

Some women in the UK with chronic kidney disease lost or missed their opportunity to have children during the pandemic. Future pandemic planners need to look more holistically and longer term at what is and is not classed as an emergency, both in how services are reconfigured and how people with chronic conditions are identified, communicated with, and treated.
Assessing perspectives on an intervention connecting adolescents in outpatient psychiatry care to contraceptive counseling in the United States
Authors: Underwood Abigail L. , Hyzak Kathryn A. , Ebersole Ashley , Bunger Alicia C. , Berlan Elise D.
Published: April 2024

Background

Adolescents with psychiatric disorders have high rates of unintended pregnancy and experience barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care. Outpatient psychiatry visits are potential opportunities to connect adolescents to SRH care. This study informs the development of the Link2BC intervention which links adolescents in outpatient psychiatry care to SRH care.

Methods

We conducted group interviews with adolescents (3 groups, 7 total participants) and caregivers (3 groups, 9 total participants) and individual interviews with 8 psychiatry providers who received or provided outpatient psychiatric treatment in clinics in a pediatric hospital in a city in the Midwestern United States. We asked questions about the acceptability of Link2BC, potential implementation needs, and implementation determinants. Using consensus‐building techniques, two coders analyzed transcriptions using a codebook informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research 2.0.

Results

Participants agreed on the need for interventions that expand access to SRH care. Adolescents emphasized that services should be confidential and accessible and were open to their psychiatrists introducing SRH topics during appointments. Providers expressed preference for training and clear workflows. Participants agreed that psychiatry providers could serve as liaisons between adolescents and their caregivers to facilitate conversations about contraception. Participants had concerns about time constraints during visits but mentioned few other barriers to the intervention.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates the acceptability of connecting adolescents in outpatient psychiatry care to contraceptive counseling and informs the refinement and implementation of Link2BC. Integrating contraception counseling in outpatient psychiatry settings is an innovative approach to prevent unintended pregnancy among adolescents by increasing access to SRH care services.
Ex situ experimentation to determine if introduced artificial habitat can provide alternative refuge to hazardous anthropogenic structures
Authors: Norman Josh , Clark Dan , Henshaw Alan , Wright Rosalind M. , Cattaneo Marco E. G. V. , Bolland Jonathan D.
Published: April 2024

Highly degraded lowland river ecosystems are of global concern to restoration practitioners. Hazardous anthropogenic structures, such as those used for water level management (i.e. pumping stations), present a mortality risk to fish and associated channelization, dredging, and removal of in‐channel and riparian vegetation during winter dramatically reduces habitat availability. Paradoxically, fish seeking habitat for predator refuge in these systems can lead to ecological traps, that is, the undesired occupation of pumping stations. Artificial habitats installed upstream could provide safe alternative refuge, but the effectiveness of this restoration technique is poorly understood. Here, we uniquely quantified habitat occupancy and preference of a ubiquitous European freshwater fish (Rutilus rutilus) between an artificial reed bed and pumping station habitat, with access to open water in a tank experiment. Generalized linear mixed models revealed that fish preferred the pumping station when the artificial habitat was absent (baseline) and when it was introduced (pre‐exclusion). Habitat management (exclusion from pumping station) was performed, during which artificial habitat occupancy was highest. When the pumping station was reintroduced (post‐exclusion), pumping station occupancy probability decreased from 87.5% (pre‐exclusion) to 3.7%, while artificial habitat occupancy probability increased from 18.4 to 87.9%. Therefore, our results demonstrate a preferential change in habitat occupancy of R. rutilus and suggest introducing artificial habitat alone may lead to restoration failures and ecological traps, stressing the need for habitat management to accompany artificial habitat restoration plans which aim to provide a safe alternative refuge for fish which occupy hazardous anthropogenic structures.
The only way is down: placing amphibian ponds on plateaux protects against Gambusia colonization
Authors: Gould John , Callen Alex , Beranek Chad , McHenry Colin
Published: April 2024

Invasive species pose a significant threat to global biodiversity, prompting the need for novel management strategies. We investigated the effect of pond placement in preventing colonization by Gambusia holbrooki, an invasive fish impacting amphibians, including the threatened green and golden bell frog (Litoria aurea). Because Gambusia moves between aquatic systems during surface flow events, we aimed to determine whether constructing ponds on elevated plots devoid of fish was less likely to be colonized due to the absence of two‐way water connectivity with sources from below. Over eight consecutive years, we monitored Gambusia presence at 50 ponds within an industrialized area of Kooragang Island, New South Wales, Australia, home to one of the largest extant subpopulations of L. aurea. This included 24 constructed ponds, 19 of which were on elevated plots, along with 26 historic ponds already present prior to the study. None of the ponds constructed on elevated plots were ever colonized by Gambusia during the study period, while most (three out of five) constructed at lower elevation and historical ponds (25 out of 26) were. Our findings indicate that the elevated plots acted as plateau safe havens, with elevation difference rather than proximity to Gambusia sources the key driver preventing colonization. These plateaus are now functioning as some of the only Gambusia‐free breeding habitat for L. aurea in this area. This research highlights the role of landscape topography and intentional pond placement in safeguarding newly constructed wetlands from invasive fish, providing insights for wetland conservation and biodiversity protection.
Optimal risk management considering environmental and climatic changes
Authors: Benkraiem Ramzi , El‐Khatib Youssef , Fan Jun , Goutte Stéphane , Klein Tony
Published: April 2024

Climate change presents challenges to policy and economic stability, necessitating effective trading strategies to reduce environmental risks. This article addresses gaps in existing studies by using a Markov‐switching model to consider climate risk. Backward stochastic differential equations are used to optimize utility with three hedging strategies based on the concept of risk aversion. Numerical scenarios confirm the model's superiority in incorporating exogenous events, with our risk‐averse strategy outperforming classical approaches. Our strategy outperforms classical strategies by taking a flexible risk trading when investors face risk‐averse behavior due to climate risk events. The findings presented in this article have important implications for the development of more resilient investment portfolios and can contribute to climate policy.
Extended symmetry analysis of (1+2)‐dimensional fine Kolmogorov backward equation
Authors: Koval Serhii D. , Popovych Roman O.
Published: April 2024

Within the class of (1+2)‐dimensional ultraparabolic linear equations, we distinguish a fine Kolmogorov backward equation with a quadratic diffusivity. Modulo the point equivalence, it is a unique equation within the class whose essential Lie invariance algebra is five‐dimensional and nonsolvable. Using the direct method, we compute the point symmetry pseudogroup of this equation and analyze its structure. In particular, we single out its essential subgroup and classify its discrete elements. We exhaustively classify all subalgebras of the corresponding essential Lie invariance algebra up to inner automorphisms and up to the action of the essential point‐symmetry group. This allowed us to classify Lie reductions and Lie invariant solutions of the equation under consideration. We also discuss the generation of its solutions using point and linear generalized symmetries and carry out its peculiar generalized reductions. As a result, we construct wide families of its solutions parameterized by an arbitrary finite number of arbitrary solutions of the (1+1)‐dimensional linear heat equation  or one or two arbitrary solutions of (1+1)‐dimensional linear heat equations with inverse square potentials.
The impact of non‐disclosure of HIV status and antiretroviral therapy on HIV recency testing and incidence algorithms
Authors: van den Berg Karin , Murphy Edward L. , Maartens Gary , Louw Vernon J. , Grebe Eduard
Published: April 2024

Background and Objectives

Accurate HIV incidence estimates among blood donors are necessary to assess the effectiveness of programs aimed at limiting transfusion‐transmitted HIV. We assessed the impact of undisclosed HIV status and antiretroviral (ARV) use on HIV recency and incidence estimates using increasingly comprehensive recent infection testing algorithms.

Materials and Methods

Using 2017 donation data from first‐time and lapsed donors, we populated four HIV recency algorithms: (1) serology and limiting‐antigen avidity testing, (2) with individual donation nucleic amplification testing (ID‐NAT) added to Algorithm 1, (3) with viral load added to Algorithm 2 and (4) with ARV testing added to Algorithm 3. Algorithm‐specific mean durations of recent infection (MDRI) and false recency rates (FRR) were calculated and used to derive and compare incidence estimates.

Results

Compared with Algorithm 4, progressive algorithms misclassified fewer donors as recent: Algorithm 1: 61 (12.1%); Algorithm 2: 14 (2.8%) and Algorithm 3: 3 (0.6%). Algorithm‐specific MDRI and FRR values resulted in marginally lower incidence estimates: Algorithm 1: 0.19% per annum (p.a.) (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.13%–0.26%); Algorithm 2: 0.18% p.a. (95% CI: 0.13%–0.22%); Algorithm 3: 0.17% p.a. (95% CI: 0.13%–0.22%) and Algorithm 4: 0.17% p.a. (95% CI: 0.13%–0.21%).

Conclusion

We confirmed significant misclassification of recent HIV cases when not including viral load and ARV testing. Context‐specific MDRI and FRR resulted in progressively lower incidence estimates but did not fully account for the context‐specific variability in incidence modelling. The inclusion of ARV testing, in addition to viral load and ID‐NAT testing, did not have a significant impact on incidence estimates.
Invariant distributions and the transport twistor space of closed surfaces
Authors: Bohr Jan , Lefeuvre Thibault , Paternain Gabriel P.
Published: April 2024

We study transport equations on the unit tangent bundle of a closed oriented Riemannian surface and their links to the transport twistor space of the surface (a complex surface naturally tailored to the geodesic vector field). We show that fibrewise holomorphic distributions invariant under the geodesic flow — which play an important role in tensor tomography on surfaces — form a unital algebra, that is, multiplication of such distributions is well defined and continuous. We also exhibit a natural bijective correspondence between fibrewise holomorphic invariant distributions and genuine holomorphic functions on twistor space with polynomial blowup on the boundary of the twistor space. Additionally, when the surface is Anosov, we classify holomorphic line bundles over twistor space which are smooth up to the boundary. As a byproduct of our analysis, we obtain a quantitative version of a result of Flaminio [C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Sér. I Math. 315 (1992) no. 6, 735–738] asserting that invariant distributions of the geodesic flow of a positively curved metric on are determined by their zeroth and first Fourier modes.
Which Strength Manifestation Is More Related to Regional Swimmers’ Performance and In-Water Forces? Maximal Neuromuscular Capacities Versus Maximal Mechanical Maintenance Capacity
Authors: Miras-Moreno Sergio , López-Belmonte Óscar , García-Ramos Amador , Arellano Raúl , Ruiz-Navarro Jesús J.
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To explore the association of the load–velocity (L-V) relationship variables and ability to maintain maximal mechanical performance during the prone bench-pull exercise with sprint swimming performance and in-water forces. Methods: Eleven competitive adult male swimmers (50-m front crawl World Aquatics points: 488 [66], performance level 4) performed 1 experimental session. The L-V relationship variables (L0 [ie,  maximal theoretical load at 0 velocity]; v0 [ie, maximal theoretical velocity at 0 load], and Aline [ie, area under the L-V relationship]) and maximal mechanical maintenance capacity were assessed at the beginning of the session. Afterward, sprint swimming performance and in-water force production were tested through a 50-m front-crawl all-out trial and 15-s fully-tethered swimming, respectively. Results: Only v0 presented high positive associations with 50-m time and swimming kinematics (r > .532; P < .046). The L0, v0, and Aline showed very high positive associations with the in-water forces during tethered swimming (r > .523; P < .049). However, the ability to maintain maximal mechanical performance, assessed by the mean velocity decline during the prone bench pull, was only significantly correlated with stroke rate (r = −.647; P = .016) and stroke index (r = .614; P = .022). Conclusions: These findings indicate that maximal neuromuscular capacities, especially v0, have a stronger correlation with swimming performance and in-water force production than the ability to maintain maximal mechanical performance in level 4 swimmers.
Martial Arts and Combat Sports for Youth: A 10-Year Scoping Review
Authors: Rodrigues Alba Iara Cae , Marttinen Risto , Banville Dominique
Published: April 2024

Martial arts and combat sports (MA&CS) are lifelong nontraditional activities seldom available for youth in school settings. Research has found that MA&CS can promote a variety of benefits to youth with novel experiences that promote nonviolent, psychological, affective, cognitive, and physical outcomes. Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to identify and categorize the peer-reviewed research with a pedagogical focus on MA&CS for youth across 10 years. Methods: The key terms used related to MA&CS and young people. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for scoping review guidelines and included peer-reviewed empirical articles from six databases in English and Portuguese from 2013 to 2022. Results: The Results section was divided into a quantitative description of the literature analyzed and a discussion of the psychological, social, affective, physical, cognitive, and academic benefits of MA&CS interventions. Conclusion: MA&CS interventions can provide multiple benefits for youth in physical education and out-of-school settings.
Decoding cocaine-induced proteomic adaptations in the mouse nucleus accumbens
Authors: Mews Philipp , Sosnick Lucas , Gurung Ashik , Sidoli Simone , Nestler Eric J.
Published: April 2024

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is a chronic neuropsychiatric condition that results from enduring cellular and molecular adaptations. Among substance use disorders, CUD is notable for its rising prevalence and the lack of approved pharmacotherapies. The nucleus accumbens (NAc), a region that is integral to the brain’s reward circuitry, plays a crucial role in the initiation and continuation of maladaptive behaviors that are intrinsic to CUD. Leveraging advancements in neuroproteomics, we undertook a proteomic analysis that spanned membrane, cytosolic, nuclear, and chromatin compartments of the NAc in a mouse model. The results unveiled immediate and sustained proteomic modifications after cocaine exposure and during prolonged withdrawal. We identified congruent protein regulatory patterns during initial cocaine exposure and reexposure after withdrawal, which contrasted with distinct patterns during withdrawal. Pronounced proteomic shifts within the membrane compartment indicated adaptive and long-lasting molecular responses prompted by cocaine withdrawal. In addition, we identified potential protein translocation events between soluble-nuclear and chromatin-bound compartments, thus providing insight into intracellular protein dynamics after cocaine exposure. Together, our findings illuminate the intricate proteomic landscape that is altered in the NAc by cocaine use and provide a dataset for future research toward potential therapeutics.
Old role with new feature: T2SS ATPase as a cyclic-di-GMP receptor to regulate antibiotic production
Authors: Liu Haofei , Xu Gaoge , Guo Baodian , Liu Fengquan
Published: April 2024

Cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) is a crucial signaling molecule found extensively in bacteria, involved in the regulation of various physiological and biochemical processes such as biofilm formation, motility, and pathogenicity through binding to downstream receptors. However, the structural dissimilarity of c-di-GMP receptor proteins has hindered the discovery of many such proteins. In this study, we identified LspE, a homologous protein of the type II secretion system (T2SS) ATPase GspE in
Lysobacter enzymogenes
, as a receptor protein for c-di-GMP. We identified the more conservative c-di-GMP binding amino acid residues as K358 and T359, which differ from the previous reports, indicating that GspE proteins may represent a class of c-di-GMP receptor proteins. Additionally, we found that LspE in
L. enzymogenes
also possesses a novel role in regulating the production of the antifungal antibiotic HSAF. Further investigations revealed the critical involvement of both ATPase activity and c-di-GMP binding in LspE-mediated regulation of HSAF (Heat-Stable Antifungal Factor) production, with c-di-GMP binding having no impact on LspE’s ATPase activity. This suggests that the control of HSAF production by LspE encompasses two distinct processes: c-di-GMP binding and the inherent ATPase activity of LspE. Overall, our study unraveled a new function for the conventional protein GspE of the T2SS as a c-di-GMP receptor protein and shed light on its role in regulating antibiotic production.

IMPORTANCE

The c-di-GMP signaling pathway in bacteria is highly intricate. The identification and functional characterization of novel receptor proteins have posed a significant challenge in c-di-GMP research. The type II secretion system (T2SS) is a well-studied secretion system in bacteria. In this study, our findings revealed the ATPase GspE protein of the T2SS as a class of c-di-GMP receptor protein. Notably, we discovered its novel function in regulating the production of antifungal antibiotic HSAF in
Lysobacter enzymogenes
. Given that GspE may be a conserved c-di-GMP receptor protein, it is worthwhile for researchers to reevaluate its functional roles and mechanisms across diverse bacterial species.
Epitopes of an antibody that neutralizes a wide range of SARS-CoV-2 variants in a conserved subdomain 1 of the spike protein
Authors: Ishimaru Hanako , Nishimura Mitsuhiro , Shigematsu Hideki , Marini Maria Istiqomah , Hasegawa Natsumi , Takamiya Rei , Iwata Sachiyo , Mori Yasuko
Published: April 2024

The evolution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has continued, enabling the virus to escape from host immunity by changing its spike antigen, while biased toward the receptor-binding domain and N-terminal domain. Here, we isolated a novel pan-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (which we named MO11) for even the recent dominators XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1, from a convalescent patient who had received three doses of an original mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. A cryo-electron microscopy analysis of the spike-MO11 complex at 2.3 Å atomic resolution revealed that it recognizes a conserved epitope hidden behind a glycan shield at N331 on subdomain 1 (SD1), holding both the N- and C-terminal segments comprising SD1. Our identification of MO11 unveiled the functional importance of SD1 for the spike’s function, and we discuss the potential availability of a novel common epitope among the SARS-CoV-2 variants.

IMPORTANCE

Novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants with immune evasion ability are still repeatedly emerging, nonetheless, a part of immunity developed in responding to the antigen of earlier variants retains efficacy against recent variants irrespective of the numerous mutations. In exploration for the broadly effective antibodies, we identified a cross-neutralizing antibody, named MO11, from the B cells of the convalescent patient. MO11 targets a novel epitope in subdomain 1 (SD1) and was effective against all emerging variants including XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1. The neutralizing activity covering from D614G to EG.5.1 variants was explained by the conservation of the epitope, and it revealed the importance of the subdomain on regulating the function of the antigen for viral infection. Demonstrated identification of the neutralizing antibody that recognizes a conserved epitope implies basal contribution of such group of antibodies for prophylaxis against COVID-19.