bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding and Improving the Experiences of Autistic Girls and Women in Healthcare
Authors: Hotez Emily , Rosenau Kashia A. , Chiang Lauren , Brown Kristina M. , Lejbman Julian M. , Ricketts Wilson D. , VanderVeen Nathan
Published: July 2024

Autistic girls and women—defined broadly in the current chapter as autistic individuals assigned female at birth and/or currently identifying as female—experience disproportionate negative health outcomes, relative to non-autistic and autistic male populations. As researchers, practitioners, and individuals with lived experiences, the authors of the current chapter seek to inform efforts to address these significant barriers and, in turn, promote the health and well-being of autistic women across the life course.
An Overview of the Impact of COVID-19 on Grief
Authors: Cox Michelle R.
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 worldwide pandemic shed light on gender disparities for mothers who had to work from home, anxiety from use of dating applications, compounded racial disparities, and counselor burn-out. This chapter presents the multifaceted impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health of individuals as well as the counseling profession which will be presented in detail throughout this book. Recommendations are also shared to support the mental health of clients impacted by grief from the COVID-19 pandemic. The recommendations are not only beneficial for practicing counselors and clinicians, but also for students in counselor education related programs, so discussion questions are included at the end of the chapter.
Exploring the Digital Playground
Authors: Shobarani R. , Savitha G. , Latha R. , Pratheepa S. , Surekha R. , Surya Prakhash
Published: July 2024

Mobile educational applications for children have become a focal point of interest in the realm of early childhood education, as the proliferation of mobile technology continues to redefine the educational landscape. This chapter delves into the multifaceted dimensions of mobile educational applications, exploring their benefits and limitations. It also examines the challenges associated with screen time, privacy, and the variability in app quality. The discussion encompasses the far-reaching implications of mobile educational applications for early childhood education, the ethical and privacy considerations, and offers insights into future trends and research directions. The findings presented in this chapter underscore the significance of well-designed and research-informed mobile educational applications as invaluable tools in shaping the educational landscape for the youngest learners of the digital age.
The Doctor of the Future
Authors: Nardi Maria Luisa
Published: July 2024

In medicine, AI can integrate healthcare in a completely virtual way, therefore with the help of therapeutic algorithms, diagnostic algorithms, and electronic recording systems, and physically. The physical approach of AI in medicine is achieved with the direct intervention of robots that perform surgical operations with great precision, or with intelligent prostheses for the elderly. This chapter intends to describe an overview of the progress in the sector. How is the practice of the medical profession changing? Are new selection profiles and new skills necessary?
Multi-Agent Models in Healthcare System Design
Authors: Tariq Muhammad Usman
Published: July 2024

The chapter delves into the pivotal role of multiagent models (MAS) in designing healthcare systems, addressing the escalating complexity and interconnected nature inherent in contemporary healthcare. Against historical progress in healthcare systems, the chapter explores the fundamental principles and architectural frameworks specifically tailored for MAS in healthcare applications. It presents MAS as dynamic and adaptable solutions, offering an innovative framework for tackling the intricate challenges healthcare environments face. It analyzes various applications of MAS in healthcare system design, encompassing its impact on hospital management, patient care coordination, resource allocation, and telemedicine. Through case studies and examples, it elucidates how MAS enhances efficiency, reduces costs, and facilitates real-time healthcare delivery decision-making. Furthermore, the chapter critically examines the challenges inherent in implementing MAS, encompassing technical complexities, organizational hurdles, and ethical considerations such as patient privacy and data security.
Exploring the Integration of Human Resource Management and Organizational Culture in Achieving Environmental Sustainability
Authors: K. Nishitha , R. Mary Remeena , R. Kavitha
Published: July 2024

This book explores the urgent need for organizational transformation in the face of impending environmental crises, highlighting the intrinsic link between environmental well-being and economic progress. Advocating a shift away from profit-centric models, it champions organizations actively contributing to the ecological system by harnessing the synergy between organizational culture and human resource management (HRM). In a changing world demanding genuine environmental commitment, the book positions sustainability as a strategic imperative. Departing from traditional HRM, the book proposes an integrated approach embedding sustainability in every facet of employee engagement. Concepts like sustainable recruitment, purpose-driven performance, and engagement for change are explored. The book provides insights, tactics, and real-world examples for individuals and organizations to embrace environmental responsibilities through HRM and organizational culture, fostering a sustainable corporate ethos.
Exploring Environmental Sustainability Practices and Its Dimensions Perspective on SMEs in Pakistan
Authors: Tunio Samreen
Published: July 2024

Globally, environmental issues impact every aspect of human activities and the concern for environmentally friendly products and services is increasing day by day. These growing shifts in consumer preferences toward environmental sustainability have become a prominent aspect in recent times. Therefore, the purpose of writing this chapter is to explore the environmental sustainability practices and their dimensions in Pakistani Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Qualitative analysis, involving semi-structured interviews with thirty manufacturing SMEs, this study explores the challenges and initiatives undertaken by these businesses in addressing environmental concerns. The findings showed that SMEs in Pakistan struggle with issues such as the energy crisis, and air pollution. While some measures have been taken such as energy saving and limited water recycling, there is a general lack of comprehensive sustainability strategies among SMEs, particularly smaller businesses. The study underscores the importance of integrating environmental sustainability into SME practices for long-term viability and economic development. It advocates for collaborative efforts for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners to promote a culture of sustainability in Pakistani SMEs.
The Evolution of Sustainability in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Bentalha Badr
Published: July 2024

Sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) has emerged as an important approach for organizations to reduce their environmental impacts and contribute to sustainability. This paper provides a complete analysis of the academic literature on SSCM. A systematic search of scholarly databases was conducted to identify relevant studies. The findings reveal a significant growth in SSCM research over the past two decades, with empirical studies now outnumbering conceptual papers. Key themes examined in the literature include SSCM practices, performance outcomes, drivers and barriers, stakeholder integration, and theories applied. While early SSCM studies took a narrow environmental focus, current research adopts a triple-bottom-line perspective. Significant research gaps are identified, including a need for more theory-driven studies, research in developing country contexts, small and medium-sized enterprises, and service supply chains.
Understanding Nanomaterials
Authors: Thakur Veena , Singh Sadhna
Published: July 2024

Understanding nanomaterials is a training tool for the future workforce in nanotech development. Significant research employing nanomaterials has been conducted in the field of nanotechnology over the past few years. Nanomaterials are cornerstones of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Due to great potential to provide societal benefits, nanostructured materials are a topical focus for researchers and worldwide. Nanomaterials have special optical, magnetic, electrical, physical, reactivity, strength, surface area, sensitivity, and stability features. Nanomaterials are usually considered to be materials with at least one external dimension that measures 100 nanometres. The aim of this chapter is to enable researchers to understand in an easy and more rapid manner the state of the art, and thereby develop relevant new information for the research and development communities. This chapter is followed by (i) introduction, (ii) classification of nanomaterials, (iii) applications of nanomaterials, and (iv) future aspects and challenges of nanomaterials.
Properties of Nanomaterials for Corrosion Control
Authors: Mathew John T. , Inobeme Abel , Hussaini Jonathan , Shaba Elijah Yanda , Azeh Yakubu , Musah Monday , Muhammad Etsuyankpa Bini , Tanko Musa Safiyanu , Ismail Haruna , Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun , Kanwa Abubakar Mohammed , Mamman Amos
Published: July 2024

Corrosion presents significant challenges across industries, causing economic losses and safety risks. Traditional methods for corrosion control have limitations, prompting exploration of nanotechnology solutions. Nanomaterials offer unique properties for corrosion mitigation. This chapter reviews diverse nanomaterial types like nanoparticles, nanocoatings, and nanocomposites, elucidating their protective mechanisms. Additionally, it examines characterization techniques to assess nanomaterial structure and performance. Application areas encompass aerospace, automotive, marine, and oil and gas sectors. Future perspectives and challenges in widespread nanomaterial adoption for corrosion control are discussed. The chapter aims to offer insights into nanotechnology's role in combating corrosion, fostering further research in the domain.
The Role of Corrosion Inhibitors
Authors: P. Selvakumar , Chaluvadi Suresh , S. Divya Sri , G. Vijayakumar , Rebbavarapu Sandhyarani
Published: July 2024

Chemicals as corrosion inhibitors have raised significant concerns in recent decades because of their toxicity to the environment. One method to highlight recent advancements in the field of nanotechnology is to examine how nanoparticles affect the rate at which metals corrode. Because of their better surface-to-volume ratio, nonmaterials offer better corrosion prevention characteristics. Nanoparticles preparation has been done using a variety of techniques. The usefulness of nanomaterials as corrosion inhibitors has been effectively proved by abundant researchers. The use of nanomaterials to regulate the rate of corrosion is summarized in this study along with recent developments in this field. Corrosion protection has been explored and evaluated for a variety of nanostructures materials, including metal-based nanotubes, nanoparticles, and nanocrystal alloy. With several interoperable mechanisms, nanocomposite coating offers excellent corrosion protection.
A Compendium of Nanomaterials for Corrosion Control
Authors: Alam Noor , Uddin Irfan , Ihsan Hena , Khan Adnan , Ullah Kefayat
Published: July 2024

The emergence of nanotechnology has enabled the development of novel corrosion inhibition methods. Nanoparticles are highly effective inhibitors due to physicochemical properties like large surface area and tunable size/shape. They form protective surface films through adsorption and barrier mechanisms to separate metal substrates from corrosive environments. Their incorporation as additives into polymeric coatings enhances properties like UV resistance and self-healing. Understanding adsorption and interaction with corrosive species is key to leveraging inhibition mechanisms. Tailoring nanomaterial composition facilitates customized protection solutions. Sustainable nanoparticle-based formulations can replace toxic alternatives, promoting eco-friendly corrosion management for prolonged critical infrastructure functioning.
Corporate Environmental Responsibilities of Auto Manufacturers in the Chennai Auto Industry
Authors: David Arokiaraj , Azam Md Sikandar , M. Banumathi
Published: July 2024

This study addresses the escalating global concern regarding environmental deterioration caused by automobile emissions, which requires investigation practice of corporate environmental responsibilities (CER) of auto manufacturers. Chennai auto-industry major contributor to India's auto production, the research comprehensively examines the environmental impact of the entire automobile lifecycle, underscoring emissions like CO, CO2, NOx, SOx, HC, PM, Pb, and VOCs and its effects on human health and environment. Data analysis reveals notable CER practices, emphasizing cost-cutting, waste management, vehicle life extension, and adherence to emission control standards. The study evaluates the implementation of environmental management systems, green procurement, and manufacturing efficiency. The findings indicate a substantial level of CER among surveyed auto assemblers, driven by governmental regulations and market competition. It is concluded that establishing dedicated environmental departments, eco-awareness campaigns, and organized dismantling units.
RegTech
Authors: Anubha Anubha
Published: July 2024

Based on the applications of various technologies like automation and artificial intelligence, RegTech enables institutions to comply with regulations and to improve client identification, fraud detection, rule adoption, and data collection. It assists them to be more efficient, accurate, and flexible in dealing with the ever-changing regulatory requirements. Accordingly, the chapter aims to explore the potential of RegTech in various sectors (for example, healthcare, insurance, banking). In other words, it intends to study the role of RegTech in simplifying the regulatory compliances. This study will bring significant insights to researchers and policymakers by exploring the potential benefits of RegTech in diverse sectors to have efficient compliance landscape including efficient risk management. The chapter will also explain the challenges of regulatory compliances and how such challenges can be combated by integrating technology and regulation, i.e., by adopting RegTech.
The Rise of Digital Currency
Authors: Sharma Priyanshu , Chandel Jyoti Kumar , Sinha Diksha , Nagariya Ramji , Saxena Abhineet
Published: July 2024

This study aims to get an insight into the intellectual structure, current research themes, and future research directions on digital currency, cryptocurrency, and blockchain. Bibliometric analysis coupled with performance analysis and cluster analysis has been conducted on the digital currency articles, published between the years 2011 and 2023, filtered using PRISMA protocol, and extracted from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Network analysis was carried out in the Biblioshiny package of R software and VOSviewer. The study highlights that the research of digital currency is classified into four broad categories: ‘emerging technology', ‘cryptocurrencies portfolios', ‘cryptocurrencies as a medium of exchange and an asset class', and ‘cryptocurrencies and financial risk'. The chapter presents an innovative model focusing on productive avenues for future research by synthesizing the latest research articles extracted from the databases, related to digital currency through bibliometric analysis.
Examining Investor Overreaction in Periods of Crisis
Authors: Irfan Mohammad , Dias Rui , Galvão Rosa Morgado
Published: July 2024

This study tests whether the 2022 event has increased investor overreactions in the capital markets of eight Central and Eastern European countries (Romania, Bulgaria, Slovakia, Hungary, Croatia, Russia, the Czech Republic, and Slovenia). This chapter contributes to the existing literature on overreaction behavior in Central and Eastern European capital markets by introducing a new modeling technique that does not require specific threshold parameters. Instead, the analysis models the price overreaction as a price change based on 16-day lags. This approach differs from previous research that used statistical modeling of overreactions, selecting one or more arbitrary parameters. The research question is partially accepted since some studied regional markets show overreactions (4 out of 8 possible markets).
An Impact of AI and Client Acquisition Strategies in Real Capital Ventures
Authors: Dhanabagiyam S. , Srihari Boopathy
Published: July 2024

In the contemporary business environment, marked by rapid changes, client acquisition stands out as a pivotal factor for companies aiming at sustained growth, particularly in sectors such as finance and real estate. The ability to attract and retain clients is not only a measure of a company's current success but also a fundamental driver for its future viability. This study focuses on Real Capital Ventures LLP, a company operating at the intersection of finance and real estate, aiming to unravel the intricacies of its client acquisition strategies. The overarching goal is to conduct an exhaustive examination of the current approaches employed by the firm and provide nuanced recommendations for refinement. By doing so, the study aspires to contribute to the enhancement of the effectiveness of Real Capital Ventures LLP's client acquisition, ensuring its continued success in a fiercely competitive market.
The Nexus of Regulation and Technology
Authors: Sharma Kiran , Sharma Shivangi , Alam Ansari Sarwar
Published: July 2024

In the digital age, the proliferation of technology has transformed the landscape of the music industry, enabling unprecedented access to music but also giving rise to rampant piracy. The chapter explores the intricate interplay between regulation and technology in combating digital music piracy. The analysis reveals that while regulatory interventions have played a crucial role in shaping the legal framework, technological advancements have simultaneously presented both opportunities and hurdles in the fight against piracy. Furthermore, the authors examine the strategic approaches adopted by industry players, policymakers, and technology innovators to mitigate piracy, including the development of DRM systems, subscription-based streaming services, and collaborative enforcement efforts.
Digital Financial Capability and Entrepreneurial Performance in MSMEs
Authors: Ramadhani Sari Nuzullina , Ananda Rana Fathinah , Setyaningrum Dyah , Siregar Nur Azizah
Published: July 2024

This chapter aims to describe and discuss digital financial capabilities and entrepreneurial performance in currently developing MSMEs. This study, using content analysis tools, refers to a number of sources, including reports, government documents, research publications, and a research database called Scopus. The study on digital financial capabilities and entrepreneurial performance in MSMEs is also covered in this chapter, with active nations and affiliates publishing research publications. Improving digital financial skills and entrepreneurial performance faces a number of obstacles in different nations. It is crucial that practitioners, researchers, and other stakeholders examine specific research on the relationship between digital financial capabilities and entrepreneurial performance in order to find effective solutions for the nation.
Evaluating the Impact of Crowdfunding on Emerging Markets
Authors: Açikgöz Betül
Published: July 2024

The study examines the impact of crowdfunding on E7 countries, highlighting its ongoing legal construction and potential for new investments and economic growth. Traditional financial institutions are hesitant to invest in innovative ventures due to risk perception. Crowdfunding, a non-conventional financial tool, has gained popularity in US and Europe, but its adoption in emerging markets is relatively recent. Study also discusses the financial reporting mechanism of crowdfunding activities, which are explained within the framework of IFRS. Crowdfunding transactions' accounting treatment depends on the campaign's nature and financial reporting requirements. Entities must determine appropriate treatment for funds received, such as revenue, liability, or equity. Equity crowdfunding may involve recognizing financial instruments like IFRS 9, while revenue recognition principles under IFRS 15 may apply for campaigns in exchange for goods or services. Disclosures about crowdfunding activities, contingent liabilities, and fair value measurement may be required in accordance with IFRS 13.
Internationalisation of Family SMEs
Authors: Agustina Maulidar , Abd. Majid M. Shabri , Hafasnuddin Hafasnuddin , Yahya Yahya
Published: July 2024

The global business landscape is undergoing a transformative shift, with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) gaining prominence. Among them, family-owned SMEs uniquely blend familial ties with entrepreneurship, playing a pivotal role in the international market. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of 1,355 scholarly articles within the Scopus database, revealing nine thematic clusters related to the internationalization of family SMEs. Key areas include SMEs, family business, family firms, small and medium sized enterprises, and innovation. The analysis highlights a growing scholarly interest in this field, with the Family Business Review originating from the United States, indexed Q1, emerging as a significant contributor. The insights not only contribute to academic discourse but also offer guidance for practitioners and policymakers aiming to support the sustainable growth and competitiveness of family SMEs globally. This study lays a foundation for future research, directing scholars towards unexplored areas in the dynamic realm of family SME internationalization.
Financial Inclusion, Financial Crime, and Fraud Detection
Authors: Ozili Peterson K. K.
Published: July 2024

The objective of this chapter is to discuss the role of financial inclusion in combating financial crime. It was found that financial crime is a challenge in society. Financial crime is any action or omission that leads to unlawful or illegal financial dealings. Many countries are seeking ways to combat financial crime. Many ideas have been considered on how to combat financial crime. Financial inclusion is a possible solution for combating financial crime. Financial inclusion involves granting access to basic formal financial services to all segments of society. The author shows that financial inclusion makes the work of investigators easier by leaving an audit trail whenever financial crime is committed in the formal financial system. It helps investigators to detect fraud or financial crime that has occurred in the formal financial system.
Revolutionizing Financial Data Security Through Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology
Authors: Ijaz Misal , Naz Farah , Karim Sitara
Published: July 2024

In the digital age, safeguarding financial data has become paramount amid increasing cyber threats and data breaches. This chapter explores the transformative role of blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT) in enhancing financial data security. Through practical applications and detailed case studies, the chapter illustrates the real-world implementation and efficacy of blockchain and DLT in the financial sector. Security features intrinsic to these technologies, such as decentralization, cryptographic hashing, and consensus mechanisms, are explored in depth, highlighting their contributions to a more secure financial ecosystem. Furthermore, the chapter addresses the regulatory landscape surrounding blockchain and DLT, discussing both the challenges and opportunities posed by these innovations. By presenting a comprehensive analysis of the current state and future potential of blockchain and DLT, this chapter aims to provide valuable insights into how these technologies are reshaping the approach to financial data security and resilience.
Augmented Reality Combined With Machine Learning for Healthcare Monitoring
Authors: C. Saranya Jothi , J. Kavitha , R. Roselinkiruba , A. shalini , G. Baby Saral , E. Surya
Published: July 2024

Augmented reality (AR) has appeared as a favorable tool to enhance the health care monitoring (HCM) system. This chapter provides a detailed survey of integrating AR with machine learning (ML) techniques in real-world scenarios, improving accuracy levels, and highlights the potential benefits and challenges. Furthermore, to address these challenges AR can be incorporated into ML algorithms such as support vector machine (SVM), and deep neural networks (DNN). It supports faster decision-making and reduces human error.
Advancing Human-Centric Solutions
Authors: Singh T. Monika , Reddy C. Kishor Kumar , Lippert Kari
Published: July 2024

The proposed chapter explores how soft computing has developed to provide human-centric solutions, highlighting the difficulties it has encountered and outlining important directions for future research that will be necessary to advance the field. The need for human-centric approaches is becoming more and more apparent in today's society across a number of industries, such as healthcare, banking, education, and transportation. Because soft computing techniques are adept at handling the imprecise, uncertain, and partial information typical of human decision-making processes, they are particularly positioned to address this demand. This approach not only enhances the user experience, but also fosters a more harmonious relationship between technology and society, opening the door for breakthroughs such as tailored medical care, flexible learning environments, and compassionate service robots. Soft computing's ability to provide human-centered solutions and successfully navigate the obstacles of implementation will determine its lasting relevance and influence in social applications.
Emotional Intelligence in Machine Interaction
Authors: Verma Archana , Yadav Chandra Shekhar , Sharma Namita , Kumari Roshan
Published: July 2024

Emotional intelligence is a key area for researchers these days. This chapter looks into the definition of emotional intelligence and its importance. It answers the question of whether machines understand emotions. This chapter defines the extraction process, and the techniques used to measure emotional intelligence. It discusses the role of multimodal, facial expressions, gestures, tone of voice, physiological characteristics, postural movements, force of keystrokes, text, lexicon-based approach, and natural language processing in determining emotional intelligence. Also it looks into the various classifiers used such as SVM, CNN, Deep Neural Networks, RNN, K Nearest Neighbours and Random Forest. This chapter discusses the application areas where emotional recognition is used, it delves into the challenges faced by emotional intelligence. And finally it discusses the future trends.
Study of Heart Disease Prediction System
Authors: Siddiqui Uzma , Ghosh Sourav , Mondol Monojit , Chandra Rishab , Bhattacharya Bijoly Saha , Bhattacharya Sudipta
Published: July 2024

Any kind of heart problem is referred to as a “heart disease,” and involves the blood vessel system within it. It is currently among the world's main causes of death. The creation of a heart disease prediction system which could forecast the possibilities of a person developing a heart disease is the aim of this chapter. Without using feature selection techniques, datasets 1 and 2 had the highest accuracy rates, at 83.06% and 85.25%, respectively. A comparative study is done using two databases having different attributes to find out the most significant feature that involves in the development of heart disease. This is carried out by applying various feature selection methods to discover the appropriate feature for the system.
Early Prediction of Cardiac Arrest Using Data Mining Algorithms
Authors: Ramkumar P. , Uma R. , Sivakumar D. , Anitha Ruth J.
Published: July 2024

Cardiac arrest is a potentially fatal loss of heart function that occurs suddenly and without warning. Predicting cardiac arrest early could increase the likelihood of survival and allow for prompt treatment. The discipline of computer science known as “datamining” focuses on the process of gleaning useful information from massive databases. Algorithms for data mining can be used to look for trends in records that can indicate a cardiac arrest. Patients at high risk of cardiac arrest due to their medical history, lifestyle choices, or other variables can be pinpointed, for instance, with the help of data mining algorithms. Prediction of cardiac arrest using data mining techniques is discussed in this research. The chapter talks about the many data mining methods that have been employed for this, and the studies that have evaluated their efficacy. The chapter also covers the difficulties of employing data mining for early prediction of cardiac arrest, as well as potential future research avenues.
Data-Driven Analytics for Sustainable Mental Healthcare
Authors: Sundaram Aishwarya
Published: July 2024

The integration of data-driven analytics and mental healthcare has emerged as a promising frontier in the contemporary landscape of healthcare. Mental health disorders constitute a significant global burden, affecting millions of individuals across diverse demographics. However, traditional approaches to mental healthcare grapple with challenges such as resource constraints, stigma, etc. The integration of data-driven analytics into mental health strategies promises to address these challenges by offering personalized, evidence-based interventions, optimizing resource allocation, and promoting preventive measures. This chapter navigates through the landscape of sustainable mental healthcare, shedding light on how data analytics can contribute to early detection, personalized treatment plans, and continuous monitoring of mental health conditions. Moreover, the chapter delves into the ethical considerations surrounding the use of data in mental healthcare, exploring the delicate balance between privacy concerns and the imperative to harness the potential of data for the greater good.
COVID-19 Contamination Extraction From CT Images Using an Adaptive Network
Authors: Arunachalam Poonguzhali , Ramkumar P. , Uma R. , Anitha Ruth J.
Published: July 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the most significant threats to the general population's health in the 21st century. In this study, a novel meta-learning based FSS model is proposed. This model is realized as an adaptive relation network built on Deeplabv3+ for training the support sets and a convolutional network with swish activations functions for non-linear metric learning. The performance of this model that was trained using supervised and semi-supervised learning algorithms on two public datasets is significantly better. This model obtains a global accuracy of 0.8396 for ground glass opacity (GGO) and consolidation segmentation and 0.9996 for entire lung infection segmentations correspondingly. In addition, the model that was proposed generalizes well with data that has not yet been seen and has the potential to be expanded to the identification of other infections in image volumes that are rendered in three dimensions and four dimensions.
Navigating Engineering Education Amidst the Post-Pandemic Era
Authors: Sidhu Manjit Singh , Low Min Chi , Kang Lee Chen
Published: July 2024

This study explores the challenges and opportunities in engineering education arising from the post-pandemic landscape. In response to the evolving educational paradigm, the research focuses on the implementation of a blended learning model with a flipped classroom approach to enhance the effectiveness of engineering education. The study employs empirical methods to assess the impact of this pedagogical shift on student engagement, learning outcomes, and overall educational experience. The investigation involves the integration of traditional face-to-face instruction with online resources and interactive digital content. The research mainly evaluated the efficacy of the blended learning approach with flipped classroom approach. Preliminary findings suggest that the adoption of blended learning with a flipped classroom approach positively influences student learning outcomes, fosters a more dynamic and participatory learning environment, and addresses the challenges posed by the post-pandemic educational landscape.
Enhancing Efficiency in Advanced Manufacturing through IoT Integration
Authors: Zaidi S. Meesum Raza , Alam Afroz , Khan Mohd Yunus
Published: July 2024

Integrating the Internet of Things (IoT) in advanced manufacturing, known as Industry 4.0, has revolutionized traditional manufacturing processes by introducing a network of interconnected devices, sensors, and systems. This paper examines the various uses of IoT in advanced manufacturing, emphasizing its role in raising productivity, sustainability, and efficiency throughout the industrial spectrum. Predictive maintenance, where real-time data from machinery sensors permits the anticipation of equipment breakdowns, supports proactive maintenance plans, and limits costly downtime, is a critical use of IoT in manufacturing. An in-depth discussion of the ability of IoT-driven automation to optimize production processes is provided in this study. Adaptive and responsive manufacturing systems that can lower waste, increase energy efficiency, and dynamically adjust to variations in demand are made possible. Optimization of the supply chain is yet another crucial area where IoT technology provides revolutionary advantages. Manufacturers can obtain real-time visibility into the movement and status of completed goods and raw materials by deploying IoT-enabled devices. This can result in shorter lead times, enhanced inventory management, and overall supply chain efficiency. The study examines IoT's function in quality control and monitoring, highlighting how IoT-enabled sensors and cameras support waste reduction, real-time quality evaluation, and defect reduction. The paper also introduces the notion of collaborating robots, or Cobots, and digital twins, demonstrating how the Internet of Things (IoT) builds digital twins of physical assets and processes for real-time monitoring and analysis. Furthermore, the IoT-enabled collaborative nature of Cobots allows for smooth communication between human workers and robotic systems. This study concludes by offering a thorough review of the various uses of IoT in advanced manufacturing and highlighting how it is changing conventional manufacturing paradigms into flexible, effective, and sustainable ecosystems. The offered insights emphasize how crucial it is to adopt IoT technology to maintain resilience and competitiveness in the quickly changing field of advanced manufacturing.
Acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in a patient with leptospirosis; a therapeutical dilemma – A case report
Authors: Kumara Y. U. , Parakrama G. , Ramesh P. , Niraj M.
Published: July 2024

A 45-year-old previously healthy farmer was seen at the Emergency Department with ischemic type chest pain. He had a history of an acute febrile illness for four days. The ECG showed an acute anterior myocardial infarction. His laboratory investigations revealed thrombocytopenia, a raised serum creatinine level and significantly raised high-sensitive cardiac Troponin I. A provisional diagnosis of acute STEMI with co-existing leptospirosis was made. The patient was managed conservatively with antibiotics, statins, and aspirin. Neither thrombolysis nor primary coronary intervention was attempted due to high risk of bleeding. Diagnosis of leptospirosis was confirmed later by markedly elevated leptospira antibodies. After recovery, he underwent coronary angiogram which revealed a totally occluded left anterior descending artery and is awaiting myocardial viability assessment with dobutamine stress echocardiography before PCI. We report this uncommon presentation of acute myocardial infarction in a patient with leptospirosis, as it causes a considerable therapeutic dilemma especially in a resource-poor setting.
Sepsis Impairs IFN-γ Production in CD8 T Cells through Changes in Local Chromatin Landscape
Authors: Cisneros-Segura J Alejandro , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Noé , Albarrán-Godínez Adrián , García-González H Benjamín , Rodríguez-Osorio Carlos A , Valdés-Ferrer Sergio Iván , Tapia-Urzúa Gustavo , Recillas-Targa Félix , Madera-Salcedo Iris K , Rosetti Florencia , Crispín José C
Published: July 2024

Sepsis is a complex condition of inflammatory and immune dysregulation, triggered by severe infection. In survivors, chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation linger, facilitating the emergence of infections. CD8 dysfunction contributes to immunosuppression in sepsis survivors. We devised an animal model that enabled us to identify and analyze CD8-intrinsic defects induced by sepsis. We adoptively transferred CD45.1 CD8 OT-I T cells into CD45.2 congenic mice and subjected them to cecal ligature and puncture, to induce abdominal sepsis. One month later, we isolated the transferred CD8 cells. Surface marker expression confirmed they had not been activated through the TCR. CD8 OT-I T cells isolated from septic (or sham-operated) mice were transferred to second recipients, which were challenged with OVA-expressing Listeria monocytogenes. We compared effector capacities between OT-I cells exposed to sepsis and control cells. Naive mice that received OT-I cells exposed to sepsis had higher bacterial burden and a shorter survival when challenged with OVA-expressing L. monocytogenes. OT-I cells isolated from septic mice produced less IFN-γ but had conserved activation, expansion potential, and cytotoxic function. We observed lower transcript levels of IFN-γ and of the long noncoding RNA Ifng-as1, a local regulator of the epigenetic landscape, in cells exposed to sepsis. Accordingly, local abundance of a histone modification characteristic of active promoter regions was reduced in sepsis-exposed CD8 T cells. Our results identify a mechanism through which inflammation in the context of sepsis affects CD8 T cell function intrinsically.
The effectiveness of risperidone on PANSS score and IL-6 in confirmed COVID-19 schizophrenic patients
Authors: Lisal Sonny Teddy , Hawaidah Hawaidah , Natalia Dessy , Seweng Arifin , Widaningsih Yuyun , Limoa Erlyn , Syamsuddin Saidah
Published: July 2024

The study aimed to determine the efficacy of risperidone on PANSS scores and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels in schizophrenia patients with confirmed COVID-19. The study type was analytical observational, with a prospective cohort design. The subjects included inpatient Schizophrenia patients with and without COVID-19, mild-moderate and asymptomatic COVID-19, and schizophrenic patients without COVID-19 who were hospitalized and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, for a total of 22 subjects in each group. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and Elisa Interleukin 6 (IL-6) serum were sampled consecutively for this study. In the positive covid-19 group, the Mean IL-6 Post was significantly lower than Pre (23.0 vs. 26.1, p<0.001), while in the control group, the Mean IL-6 Post (four weeks) was significantly lower than Pre (baseline), with 19.3 vs. 21.0 (p<0.001). Serum IL-6 levels appeared to be an effective prognostic biomarker in COVID-19 patients. The 35 pg/mL cut-off point could distinguish mild-moderate patients from more severe ones. We discovered that schizophrenia patients with verified positive COVID-19 received COVID-19 therapy in the form of a combination of antipsychotic and antivirals had IL-6 levels lower than 35 pg/mL, indicating the role of antipsychotic (risperidone) and antiviral in reducing IL-6 levels.
Medico-legal and bioethical controversies of the use of puberty blockers in adolescents with gender dysphoria: a comparative perspective between Italy and Spain
Authors: Gibelli Filippo , Bailo Paolo , Caraffa Anna Maria , Guzmán José López , Ricci Giovanna
Published: July 2024

Background: the administration of puberty blockers to adolescents with gender dysphoria has ignited significant bioethical controversy, especially in light of recent legislative changes in the United States, Australia and several European states, especially the UK, which in March 2024 permanently banned the administration of puberty blockers to children. Italy and Spain, with their distinct legal, cultural, and medical approaches to treating gender dysphoria in minors, serve as focal points for examining these complex issues. Aims: this article aims to explore the bioethical and medico-legal implications of using puberty blockers in adolescents with gender dysphoria, focusing on the regulatory frameworks in Italy and Spain. It seeks to contribute to the international dialogue on best practices for supporting adolescents with gender dysphoria by comparing these two countries’ approaches. Discussion: in recent years in many European states there has been an important evolution in the position on hormone blockade therapy for minors with gender dysphoria, having gone from open policies on puberty blockade treatment to decidedly more restrictive positions. In Italy, the debate on the legitimacy of authorising treatment has been lively for several years, and in the last year has become even more intense due to the decisions taken by countries such as Finland, Sweden, Norway and the United Kingdom. In Spain, a landmark law on trans rights was passed in 2023, but it did not directly regulate hormone-blocking treatment in adolescents with gender dysphoria, which only made an already intense debate even more heated. Conclusion: it is essential to recognise the complexity of gender identity in adolescents and adopt an inclusive approach that considers medical, legal, ethical and social implications. The dynamic nature of the debate on the use of puberty blockers requires ongoing international dialogue. Policy analysis from Italy and Spain can inform best practice globally, promoting inclusive guidelines that prioritise adolescent welfare by addressing the complex bioethical, medico-legal and scientific issues related to the use of puberty blockers.
Reflections on the care of the chronically ill
Authors: Couper I.
Published: July 2024

A significant amount of any family physician's lime is spent caring for patients with chronic illnesses. Six principles which can aide this caring process are continuity of care, understanding on the part of doctors and patients, participation of patients and their families in their own care, modification of lifestyle, facilitation of adherence to treatment, and a standard management framework. Personal reflections on these principles are shared.
Differential diagnosis and management of Insomnia
Authors: Meyer S.J.
Published: July 2024

Insomnia is the most common sleep-related complaint, and the second most common overall complaint (after pain) reported in primary care settings. It affects 35% of the general population during the course of a year but, despite its high prevalence, 69% of patients suffering from sleep disorders never report it to healthcare providers. The advent of the newer nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics has also led to an increased awareness of insomnia, and its treatment alternatives.
Reconsidering antihypertensive choice
Authors: Gray Andy
Published: July 2024

No matter how carefully a choice of a P-drug list is made for many given condition,it remains open to reconsideration whenever any of the factors used to weigh the choice of medicines for the list changes. The most easily accommodated changes are perhaps those related to cost, as this is usually considered last, and weighted as least important. Profound changes in the evidence base for efficacy and/or safety are less common, and require more careful handling. This is certainly the case with the choice of medicines to treat hypertension, and particularly to treat this condition in elderly patients who might also present with co-morbid conditions. For many family practices, such patients would represent the majority of hypertensives under treatment.
Acute Small-bowel Obstruction: An Appraisal of Common Etiology and Management at the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, North-central Nigeria
Authors: Adejumo Adeyinka A. , Alegbejo-Olarinoye Mojirola I. , Akims Shattah M. , Akanbi Olusola O.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Acute small intestinal obstruction is a common surgical emergency in the sub-Saharan region. Over the decades, complicated inguinal hernias have been identified as a leading cause. However, we observed from our clinical practice that complicated inguinal hernias were not the most common etiology.

Aims and Objectives:

This study aimed to evaluate the common etiology of acute small bowel obstruction in the study center and compare our findings with that from other centers and existing literature.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective, cross sectional study carried out over a period of five years (January 2017 to December 2021). This study looked at the patients presenting with acute, mechanical, small bowel obstruction that did not respond to conservative treatment in our hospital facility. Relevant information were extracted from patients’ clinical details and entered into the proforma prepared for this study.

Results:

A total of 147 patients were recruited into this study out of which 85(57.8%) were males and 62 (42.2%) were females (M:F=1.44:1). Majority (80.3%) of the patients that presented with post-operative bowel adhesion had previous appendectomy. Simple bowel obstruction was seen in 93 (63.3%) patients while strangulated obstruction and gangrenous bowel were seen in 26 (17.7%) patients and 22 (15.0%) patients respectively. Majority (47.6%) of the patients had adhesiolysis done while others had bowel resection.

Conclusion:

The common cause of acute small bowel obstruction as observed in this study is post-operative adhesions arising from previous appendectomy and laparotomies.
Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Secondary to Vitamin B12 Deficiency – A Case Series with Emphasis on Food Fortification
Authors: Baby Neena , George Minu , Rajasekharan Arjun , Ajith Sachin , Zabeer Mohammed , Radhakrishnan Sureshkumar
Published: July 2024

The etiology of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is multifactorial. Although many acquired and genetic factors have been recognized as risk factors, hyperhomocysteinemia (hHcy) is independently associated with CVST. We describe three cases of CVST in this case series. All of them presented with headache. Two patients had papilledema and visual disturbances. On evaluation, there was CVST, and prothrombotic workup showed hHcy. In addition, two of them reported very low Vitamin B12 levels. All of them were treated with low-molecular-weight heparin followed by oral anticoagulation and Vitamin B6, B9, and B12 supplements. All of them responded to treatment, and follow-up imaging studies in two of them showed resolution of thrombosis. hHcy should be considered in the evaluation of CVST, especially in the setting of a pure vegetarian diet. Fortification of the diet with Vitamin B12 may be considered the majority of Indians consume predominantly vegetarian food.