bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Software Support for the Higher Mathematics Course at the Technical University
Authors: Bogdanov Oleksii Viktorovych , Butsenko Yurii Pavlovych , Balina Olena Ivanivna , Bezklubenko Iryna Srhiivna
Published: November 2024

The paper addresses the challenges of training modern engineers in mathematical disciplines. It emphasizes the need for graduates to possess theoretical knowledge and be capable of using modern software solutions for efficient mathematical calculations. The article discusses the importance of incorporating mathematical software into higher education to enhance the teaching of mathematical disciplines. Explores the potential benefits and challenges of using mathematical software in the learning process, such as the need for coordination among teachers and the importance of familiarizing students with the interfaces of mathematical packages. The paper recommends using specific mathematical software packages, such as Scilab, for scientific and engineering calculations. It also highlights the necessity of guiding students in understanding the practical applications of mathematical software in solving complex mathematical problems. Furthermore, the paper addresses the issue of preventing students from inappropriately using online calculators for tasks, emphasizing the importance of mastering theoretical foundations before utilizing mathematical software packages. The paper generally advocates for a balanced approach that incorporates both traditional theoretical exposition and practical application of mathematical programs in higher education to promote effective teaching and learning of mathematical disciplines.
Generalized scenarios of transition to chaos in ideal dynamic systems
Authors: Horchakov Oleksii , Shvets Aleksandr
Published: November 2024

The implementation of a new scenario of transition to chaos in the classical Lorenz system has been discovered. Signs of the presence of an implementation of the generalized intermittency scenario for dynamic systems are described. Phase-parametric characteristics, Lyapunov characteristic exponents, distributions of invariant measures, and Poincaré sections are constructed and analyzed in detail, which confirm the implementation of the generalized intermittency scenario in an ideal Lorenz system.
Fairness of 2D corotational beam spline as compared with geometrically nonlinear elastic beam
Authors: Orynyak Igor , Yablonskyi Petro , Koltsov Dmytro , Chertov Oleg , Mazuryk Roman
Published: November 2024

The goal of this paper is to further investigate the properties and advantages of corotational beam spline, CBS, as suggested recently. Emphasis is placed on the relatively simple task of drawing the spline between two endpoints with prescribed tangents. In the capacity of “goodness” of spline, the well-known notion of “fairness” is chosen, which presents itself as the integral from the squared curvature of spline over its length and originates from the elastic beam theory as the minimum of energy of deformation. The comparison is performed with possible variants of the cubic Bezier curve, BC, and geometrically nonlinear beam, GNB, with varying lengths. It was shown that CBS was much more effective than BC, where any attempt to provide better fairness of BC by varying the distances from endpoints to two intermediate points generally leads to lower fairness results than CBS. On the other hand, GNB, or in other words, the elastica curve, can give slightly better values of fairness for optimal lengths of the inserted beam. It can be explained by the more sophisticated scientific background of GNB, which employs 6 degrees of freedom in each section, compared with CBS, which operates only by 4 DoF.
On Periodic Motions of a Nonautonomous Hamiltonian System at Resonance 2:1:1
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Kholostova O. V.
Published: November 2024

This paper presents an analysis of nonlinear oscillations of a near-autonomous two-degree-of-freedom Hamiltonian system, $2\pi$-periodic in time, in the neighborhood of a trivial equilibrium. It is assumed that in the autonomous case, for some set of parameters, the system experiences a multiple parametric resonance for which the frequencies of small linear oscillations in the neighborhood of the equilibrium are equal to two and one. It is also assumed that the Hamiltonian of perturbed motion contains only terms of even degrees with respect to perturbations, and its nonautonomous perturbing part depends on odd time harmonics. The analysis is performed in a small neighborhood of the resonance point of the parameter space. A series of canonical transformations is made to reduce the Hamiltonian of perturbed motion to a form whose main (model) part is characteristic of the resonance under consideration and the structure of nonautonomous terms. Regions of instability (regions of parametric resonance) of the trivial equilibrium are constructed analytically and graphically. A solution is presented to the problem of the existence and bifurcations of resonant periodic motions of the system which are analytic in fractional powers of a small parameter. As applications, resonant periodic motions of a double pendulum are constructed. The nearly constant lengths of the rods of the pendulum are prescribed periodic functions of time. The problem of the linear stability of these motions is solved.
Em busca de novas representações demográficas: O campo de estudos das grades populacionais em tempos de máquinas que aprendem
Authors: Moreira Silva Diego , Mayumi Anazawa Tathiane , Amaral Silvana , Da Fonseca Feitosa Flávia , Irineu Rangel Rigotti José , Miguel Vieira Monteiro Antonio
Published: November 2024

A distribuição populacional na superfície terrestre revela uma variedade de padrões espaciais que refletem processos sociodemográficos relacionados às dinâmicas histórico-geográficas que os produziram. As grades populacionais têm ganhado destaque como fonte de dados, envolvendo estimativas e distribuição de população em pequenas áreas. Cada grade populacional é composta por células de tamanhos, cobrindo a totalidade do globo ou territórios locais. Este trabalho apresenta uma revisão comentada da literatura no campo destas representações populacionais, especificamente na distribuição e volume da população, bem como na importância das variáveis auxiliares de cunho espacial, denominadas aqui de variáveis sintomáticas. Estas desempenham papel crucial na construção de modelos pautados na realidade, tanto local quanto global, utilizando métodos diversos, que incluem aprendizado de máquina. Destacam-se ainda as principais iniciativas do campo, os produtos globais disponíveis e as bases técnicas das principais metodologias. Além disso, são discutidas as limitações, precauções e as novas oportunidades resultantes da criação dessas grades populacionais.
Research on Silicone Rubber Material as a Lost Circulation Material for Antarctic Drilling
Authors: Liu Jingping , Sun Yuanwei , Sun Jinsheng , Lv Kaihe , Huang Ning , Xu Zhe , Zhang Taifeng , Li Yecheng , Zhang Guangsheng , Yi Haijiang , Hou Delin
Published: November 2024

During Antarctic scientific drilling operations, lost circulation frequently occurs, and conventional lost circulation materials (LCMs) experience chemical degradation and a decline in mechanical performance in the region’s low temperatures, making them unable to successfully seal the leaks. This often leads to drilling accidents such as stuck drilling tools and wellbore collapse. Currently, research on LCMs for polar environments is nearly nonexistent. To address the issue of lost circulation in Antarctic drilling, we present the development of a silicone rubber LCM specifically designed for Antarctic conditions. Infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) demonstrate that the material maintains stable physical and chemical structures at low temperatures, while tensile testing and thermomechanical analysis (TMA) show that it retains excellent mechanical properties in low-temperature conditions. The lost circulation process was simulated using a visual lost circulation model device to replicate the low-temperature environment. The study demonstrates that the prepared silicone rubber LCM can maintain good performance at temperatures as low as −55°C in Antarctica and can efficiently and rapidly seal lost circulation channels, making it a promising material for use in Antarctic scientific drilling.
The Transient Effect of Dividend Announcements on Stock Prices: A Short-Term Market Reaction Study of Indian Stock Market
Authors: Kadyan Sunil , Tushir Monika , Kukreja Sumita , Sharma Anupama , Vinayak Prateek
Published: November 2024

India's burgeoning stock market has attracted global investors and companies, surpassing the Hong Kong equity market in 2024. This study seeks to examine how dividend announcements affect the stock prices of companies that are listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE). Employing event study method, the research seeks to understand the implications of these announcements. The companies selected for analysis represent diverse sectors, market capitalizations, and performance levels. Specifically, this paper focuses on analyzing the cash dividend declarations of NIFTY 50 index stocks in the year 2023. A total of 87 companies were examined, encompassing large, medium, and small capitalization firms. Abnormal returns on the dividend announcement day were calculated using event methodology market model. Furthermore, the analysis categorizes companies based on their market capitalization size and the percentage of dividend declared. The findings indicate that the influence of dividend announcements on stock prices is perceptible solely on the event day. However, subsequent to the announcement, there is no strong correlation between the dividend announcement date and stock prices, as measured by market capitalization. The analyses also revealed that average abnormal returns vary significantly across stocks with different levels of dividend declaration.
JEL: G12: Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates G15: International Financial Markets G23: Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors G14: Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies G35: Payout Policy
Long-term therapeutic effects of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for intrauterine adhesions
Authors: chen kai , Gao Yanyan , Xia Ninuo , Liu Yusheng , Wang Huiru , Ma Hui , Zheng Shengxia , Fang Fang
Published: November 2024

Background
Intrauterine adhesion (IUA), resulting from uterine trauma, is one of the major causes of female infertility. Previous studies have demonstrated that endometrial mesenchymal stem cells (eMSC) have therapeutic effects on IUA through cellular secretions. It is particularly true for most of the pre-clinical experiments performed on multiple animal models, as human-derived eMSC cannot maintain long-term engraftment in animals. Whether tissue-specific MSCs from allogeneic origin can engraft and exert long-term therapeutic efficacy has yet to be thoroughly explored.
Methods
We established a rat IUA model to study the long-term engraftment and therapeutic effects of eMSC derived from humans and rats. Human and rat eMSC were isolated and verified by the expression of cell surface markers and the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes. The cells were then labeled by green fluorescence proteins (GFP) and transplanted to the rat uterus ex vivo and in vivo. The engraftment was investigated by the expression of GFP at different days after transplantation. Assessed the therapeutic effects by examining the endometrial thickness, the number of glands, and the pregnancy outcome. Significantly, we conducted a thorough assessment of the local cellular immune response following both xenograft and allograft transplantation.
Results
H-eMSC were eliminated by rats’ immune systems within three days after transplantation. In constrast, R-eMSC successfully engrafted and persisted in rat tissue for over ten days. Notably, R-eMSC significantly improved the pregnancy rate by enhancing endometrial thickness and increasing the number of glands, while also reducing fibrosis in rat IUA models. Additionally, the immune response to R-eMSC was generally less aggressive compared to that of xenogeneic MSCs.
Conclusions
Tissue-specific MSCs from the allogeneic origin can integrate into the repaired tissue and exert long-term therapeutic efficacy in the model of IUA. This study indicates that in addition to secreting therapeutic factors short-time, tissue-specific MSCs may engraft and participate in long-time tissue repair and regeneration.
Reconstruction of porous media pore structure and analysis of simulation effect based on SNESIM algorithm
Authors: Xie Qing , Gao Jiaqi , Ye Xiaochuang , LI Jia , Song YiFei , Hu SiWen
Published: November 2024

The pore structure of porous media directly affects its permeability characteristics and fluid flow properties, making accurate reconstruction of these structures of great significance. In recent years, multipoint statistics (MPS) methods have been widely used in pore structure modeling. Among them, the SNESIM algorithm, as an advanced MPS technique, has been extensively applied in the study of porous media pore structures. This paper aims to investigate the effectiveness of the SNESIM algorithm in reconstructing pore structures on 2D slices of cores with different porosities taken from the same core. Furthermore, it analyzes the advantages and limitations of the algorithm and its applicable conditions. This study utilizes CT scan images to construct digital core technology and applies the SNESIM algorithm to reconstruct pore structures of core slices with different porosities. By analyzing performance parameters such as porosity, pore throat ratio, average grain radius, coordination number, and permeability, the study found that the reconstructed images in most samples can maintain a trend similar to that of the training images, demonstrating the high applicability and reliability of the SNESIM algorithm in pore structure reconstruction. However, the core slices used in this study were all taken from the same core. Effectively transferring the pore structures from the 2D plane to the 3D pore space and restoring the pore structures to the greatest extent still requires further research. In particular, when dealing with complex pore structures, the accuracy and performance of the SNESIM algorithm need further improvement. Future research will focus on optimizing the algorithm to handle more diverse pore structures and exploring 3D reconstruction methods to more comprehensively describe and analyze the pore characteristics in actual porous media.
Research on the Unsteady Flow Characteristics of High-Specific-Speed Axial Flow Impellers with Small Aspect Ratio and Double Blades
Authors: Lu Zhihui , Zhou Fangming , Wang Xiaofang
Published: November 2024

This study explores unsteady flow in high-specific-speed axial impellers with small aspect ratio through numerical simulations and experimental analysis and obtains unsteady pressure fluctuations, hydrodynamic characteristics, flow field, and vortex evolution mechanism for main and clearance flows. The results showed that amplitude was higher in the leading and trailing edges of blade in the streamline direction. The periodic pressure fluctuation peaked at 0.9Qd in the main flow field, leading to significant vibrations and noise. The suction surface had minimal impact on flow velocity, and leading edge suffered from highest pressure fluctuations. The pressure at the outlet of end faces of impellers was the lowest at mid-pitch, while that at the inlet fluctuated most significantly Impellers achieved the optimal performance at the design flow rate. In the clearance flow at 1.0Qd, pressure at the leading edge reached its maximum, with fluctuation peaks at 5 fr and 10 fr, especially at tip clearance near the trailing edge. Fewer fluctuation peaks at 1.0Qd indicated greater stability. Similar pressure fluctuation trends across tip clearance heights suggested leading edge as the most affected region. Our research findings provide an important basis for optimizing the performance of high-speed pump jets, improving propulsion efficiency, and reducing noise.
Nature Inspires Biomimetic Robots to Build Lattice Structures of Unprecedented Strength
Authors: Dhote Girish Motiram , Selvaraj Kiruba , Jain Arnika , Rajendran Sivakumar
Published: November 2024

This paper presents Bio-Inspired Robotic System for Adaptive Lattice Construction (BIRALC), a novel approach for the fabrication of high-strength lattice structures using nature-inspired robotic systems and advanced computational algorithms. This system that can build and adapt high-strength structures far more efficiently than additive manufacturing (AM) methods, was created. The core components of BIRALC include a nature-inspired robotic design, a swarm of highly adaptable biomimetic robots that are based on natural builders such as wasps and termites, a nature-inspired lattice optimisation, and a detailed strength evaluation module to conduct comprehensive analysis. Experimental evaluation shows that when compared to leading AM techniques, BIRALC allows building structures with up to 131% improvement in ultimate compression strength and a 180% increase in elastic modulus. With regards to energy absorption, fracture toughness, and fatigue resistance, the improvement is up to 94%, 314%, and 76%, respectively. This adaptive system, using shape memory alloys, allows for a rapid response to changing loads and can adapt to changing ground conditions more than 43 times faster than lattices. Its strength recovery after self-healing is up to 21% higher than that of self-healing polymer composites. Besides, it is also environmentally superior to present AM techniques, enabling up to 42% reduction in energy consumption and up to 80% reduction in material waste.
Numerical Analysis of Modal and Flexural Behavior of Nanocomposite Adhesively Bonded Joints
Authors: Hülagü Burak , Acar Volkan , Çakır Ferit , Akbulut Hamit
Published: November 2024

This study presents a detailed numerical and experimental investigation into the modal and flexural behaviors of nanocomposite adhesively bonded joints, specifically aluminum 2024 T3 adherents bonded with DP270 adhesive, reinforced with graphene nanoparticles. Initially, a finite element model was developed for the Double Strap Joint (DSJ) to determine its modal properties, and the results were solved using MATLAB. These results were closely aligned with those obtained from both ANSYS simulations and experimental data. Building on this validation, other joint types were analyzed using finite element methods, eliminating the need for additional experiments. The study compared the modal and flexural behaviors of various joint configurations, with particular attention to the influence of graphene reinforcement. Among the configurations, DSJ and Tapered Double Strap Joint (TSJ) exhibited the highest stiffness and load-bearing capacity. The findings suggest that graphene nanoparticles significantly enhance the mechanical performance of the joints, offering valuable insights for various engineering applications.
RETRACTED: Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Adaptive Test Design With Response Time Using Item Response Theory
Authors: İNCE Ahmet Hakan , ÖZBAY Serkan
Published: November 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Factors affecting emerging infectious disease prevention behaviors among young workers: A study based on ecological modeling
Authors: Park HyoEun , Song Hye-young
Published: November 2024

Background
This cross-sectional, descriptive survey study aimed to identify the factors affecting emerging infectious disease prevention behaviors among young workers aged < 40 years. The factors affecting infection prevention behaviors among young workers were investigated with respect to perception of personal, inter-personal, organizational, and community responses based on ecological modeling.
Methods
A total of 260 young workers residing in Jeollabuk-do region in South Korea were selected via convenience sampling. Multiple regression analysis performed to assess the factors affecting emerging infectious disease prevention behaviors.
Results
Multiple regression analysis revealed that infection prevention behaviors were significantly higher among healthy female participants compared with that in not very healthy female participants. Furthermore, infection prevention behaviors were significantly lower among those residing with family members with a confirmed diagnosis compare with that in those who did not. The infection prevention behaviors were higher among participants with higher levels of perceived susceptibility and perceived self-efficacy showed higher infection prevention behaviors.
Conclusion
Thus, health managers should actively promote the implementation of infection prevention behaviors in the workplace by developing executable infection prevention guidelines and programs to enhance the perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy of workers in preparation for outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases.
Dioscin from Smilax china Rhizomes: A Potential Antithrombotic Agent Inhibiting Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation via Signaling Pathway Modulation
Authors: Lee Ga Hee , Lee Jin Pyo , Heo Nayoon , Lee Chang-Dae , Kim Gyeongchan , Lee Sanghyun , Lee Dong-Ha
Published: November 2024

Cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality in the United States, is caused by abnormal platelet accumulation and coagulation. Dioscin has been reported to suppress the growth of tumor-associated cells and trigger apoptosis. However, its mechanism in inhibiting platelet activation has not been confirmed. This study investigates whether dioscin from Smilax china rhizome exerts antithrombotic effects by regulating the activation of human platelets and explains its mechanism of action. Dioscin increased the production of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). This increase induced the phosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor (IP3R), which inhibited the dense Ca2+ release channels, thereby reducing Ca2+ mobilization. Furthermore, it promoted the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP), which suppressed integrin αIIb/β3 and fibrinogen binding, thus inhibiting platelet activation. Dioscin stimulated phosphorylation of phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which are proteins associated with platelet granule release and thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production. Therefore, dioscin from S. china rhizomes exhibited possess antiplatelet effects that could delay or halt thrombus formation by regulating the phosphorylation of various signaling molecules and related proteins, thus suggesting dioscin’s potential value for development as an antithrombotic agent.
Degradation of Epoxy Resins in Water for Recovery of Small Organic Molecules: The Use of Platinum Catalyst under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Nozaki Kyoko , Liao Yumeng , Hosokawa Satomi , Takahashi Kohei , Nakagawa Shintaro , Yoshie Naoko , Yamasaki Yuki
Published: November 2024

Efficient degradation of amine-cured bisphenol A-based epoxy resins to recover phenol compounds (bisphenol A, 4-isopropylphenol, and phenol, up to 71%) without any stoichiometric additives has been achieved by using commercially available platinum catalysts in subcritical water at 250°C. The broad applicability of the catalytic system was demonstrated for the degradation of various amine- or anhydride-cured epoxy resins. Control experiments using model compounds revealed the importance of the γ-aminoalkyl moiety for progress of the reaction. The role of the platinum catalyst is suggested to be as a soft Lewis acid compatible with subcritical water.
High Blood Pressure Inhibits Cardiovascular Responsiveness to Expressive Classical Music
Authors: Pope Vanessa C. , Soliński Mateusz , Lambiase Pier D. , Chew Elaine
Published: November 2024

Music lowers hypertensive patients’ blood pressure (BP) in the long-term, but the dynamics of BP during music-listening are not well understood. This study aims to determine: (1) whether individuals with high and normal BP respond to music differently; and, (2) whether music’s loudness or tempo drives these differences. Music with computer-altered tempo and loudness is rendered on a reproducing piano to 40 middle-aged participants, 20 with baseline BP above 140/90 mmHg (H-bBP) and 20 below (N-bBP) but above 90/60 mmHg, paired by playlist. Continuous BP was recorded whilst they listened to playlists of 9 tempo-and loudness-transposed versions of 8 distinct pieces of Western classical music (40 min) after a 5-minute baseline silence. Both participant groups’ mean systolic and diastolic BP rose significantly higher than baseline during music, with normotensives’ mean systolic and diastolic BP rising significantly more than hypertensives’. Both groups’ BP variability (indexed by range and standard deviation of continuous BP measurements) reduced during faster tempi, but not during increased loudness. BP variability is significantly higher for both groups during the slowest pieces, which maintain the originally performed tempi. These findings suggest that music’s long-term benefit, like exercise, may come from its power to temporarily physiologically activate listeners.
Life expectancy loss and recovery by age and sex following catastrophic events in Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries
Authors: Silva Eliud , Aburto José Manuel
Published: November 2024

Following catastrophic events, such as pandemics or wars, a systematic loss in life expectancy at birth (\(\:{e}_{0}\)) can be observed. We aimed to estimate the time required for \(\:{e}_{0}\) to recover after mortality crises and identify which age groups either contribute to the decline or assist in restoring pre-crisis levels. We focused exclusively on analyzing the largest European pandemics and wars of the 19th and 20th centuries, using data from the Human Mortality Database (HMD). To achieve this, we employed Arriaga's decomposition to examine two specific \(\:{e}_{0}{\prime\:}\)s: one just before the most substantial decline during the mortality crisis, marking the deepest drop, and another at the point where recovery is observed. The events were categorized into pandemics and non-pandemics and further stratified by sex. Various statistical tests were conducted to enable valid comparisons. Our findings reveal that World Wars caused the most significant declines in \(\:{e}_{0}\). Statistical analyses indicate no significant disparities based on the type of event or sex. Notably, youth and children emerge as the primary age group contributing to the decline and recovery of \(\:{e}_{0}\) following both catastrophic events. However, not all of them fully recover to the mortality levels observed before the crisis.
TPX2 is a downstream target of the eIF4A controlled translational program in neuroblastoma
Authors: Durinck Kaat , Nunes Carolina , Bekaert Sarah-Lee , Parsa Sara , Nelen iris , Martens Fien , de Stanchina Elisa , Sanders Ellen , Tsas Sara , Zhao Peihua , Devloed Fanny , Eggermont Aline , Sablina Anna , Depestel Lisa , Wendel Hans-Guido
Published: November 2024

Current therapies for neuroblastoma are often ineffective and survivors suffer from severe long-term therapy related side-effects, underscoring the need for identification of novel drugging strategies. We performed an in-depth evaluation of phenotypic and molecular responses following exposure of neuroblastoma cells to the rocaglate CR-1-31-B, scrutinizing its mode-of-action through integrative ribosome footprinting and shotgun proteome profiling. We could show that CR-1-31-B significantly reduces tumor growth in vivo without apparent toxicity. By means of combined ribosome footprinting and transcriptome analysis we uncovered that CR-1-31-B treatment downregulates translation efficiencies of several major neuroblastoma dependencies including MYCN, CCND1 and ALK as well as factors involved in the G2/M checkpoint. Upregulated targets are enriched for oxidative phosphorylation pathway components and DNA repair. At the proteome level, CR-1-31-B imposed downregulation of a FOXM1 driven signature, including the FOXM1 target gene TPX2. We show that neuroblastoma cells are dependent on TPX2 for growth and DNA repair with knockdown sensitizing tumor cells to pharmacological CHK1 inhibition. In keeping with this finding, we observed synergistic effects of CHK1 inhibition in combination with CR-1-31-B. In conclusion, our data support CR-1-31-B as a potent novel therapeutic agent in neuroblastoma, in particular in combination with DNA damage or replication stress inducing agents.
complications and challenges of sternoclavicular hook plates for treating sternoclavicular joint dislocations
Authors: Sheng LI , Jie Jie , Sheng Xiaoyong
Published: November 2024

objective
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and complications associated with the use of sternoclavicular hook plates for the treatment of traumatic sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocations.
Methods
This study retrospectively analyzed the use of sternoclavicular (SC) hook plates for treating sternoclavicular joint (SCJ) dislocations, with a particular focus on identifying hardware-related complications such as plate breakages and fixation failures. A cohort of patients who underwent SC hook plate fixation was evaluated based on clinical outcomes, functional recovery, and the occurrence of complications. Data collection included postoperative imaging (X-rays and CT scans) to assess joint repositioning and hardware integrity, as well as functional assessments using the Constant Shoulder Score (CSS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for pain.
Results
The utilization of hook plates led to successful joint stabilization and notable functional enhancement, as evidenced by the mean CSS scores increasing from 36.4 preoperatively to 86.6 postoperatively, and VAS scores decreasing from 7.2 to 1.6. However, 4 patients (8.7%) experienced plate breakages with no redislocation, and 1 patient (2%) encountered fixation failure necessitating revision surgeries. No major neurovascular complications were reported.
Conclusions
Despite providing effective stabilization for SCJ dislocations, sternoclavicular hook plates are associated with hardware-related issues, including plate breakages and fixation failures. Enhancements in implant design, surgical procedures, and patient selection are imperative in mitigating these concerns and enhancing long-term outcomes. Future research should prioritize the development of more robust implants and exploration of alternative treatment modalities.
Built Environment of Basic Schools and Performance Outcomes in Rural Ghana: Learners’ Voice
Authors: Yahaya Mohammed , Braimah Imoro , Adu-Gyamfi Albert , Nanor Michael Ayertey
Published: November 2024

The school is the home of many learners because they spend a significant amount of their time in school. Therefore, the built environment of the school is expected to affect learners’ engagement, welfare, and experience. This study aimed to examine how the built environment of schools affects performance outcomes in basic education in rural Ghana. The built environment is conceptualized as comprising school buildings, ancillary facilities, and didactic equipment, which collectively constitute educational infrastructure. Using a cross-sectional design, the study sampled 86 public basic schools and 949 learners from three rural districts in northern Ghana. The findings indicate that many schools in these districts lack adequate educational infrastructure. While challenges are moderate in schools in capital towns, they escalate in schools along major roads and reach extreme levels in remote areas. A significant correlation was established between the availability of educational infrastructure and performance outcomes across different geographical locations. The study concludes that targeted policy interventions are necessary to improve the quality of the built environment of schools to enhance the engagement and performances of learners in rural areas of Ghana.
Unlocking precision oncology by establishing a nationwide comprehensive genomic profiling and molecular tumor board platform for patients with advanced cancer: the BALLETT study
Authors: Volders Pieter-Jan , Aftimos Philippe , Dedeurwaerdere Franceska , Martens Geert , Canon Jean-Luc , Beniuga Gabriela , Froyen Guy , Huysse Jacques Van , De Pauw Rebecca , Prenen Hans , Lambin Suzan , Decoster Lore , Vaeyens Freya , Rottey Sylvie , Dam Pieter-Jan Van , Decoster Lynn , Rutten Annemie , Schreuer Max , Loontiens Siebe , Meulen Joni Van der , Mebis Jeroen , Cuppens Kristof , Tejpar Sabine , Bempt Isabelle Vanden , De Grève Jacques , Schröder David , Marcke Cédric van , Bulcke Marc Van Den , de Azambuja Evandro , Punie Kevin , Maes Brigitte
Published: November 2024

The increasing complexity of advanced-stage cancer management, coupled with the growing availability of targeted therapies, necessitates innovative approaches to treatment decision-making. The Belgian Approach for Local Laboratory Extensive Tumor Testing (BALLETT) study evaluated the feasibility and impact of implementing comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) across multiple laboratories and integrating genomic data into clinical decision-making for patients with advanced cancers. This prospective, multi-center study enrolled 872 patients with advanced solid tumors across 12 Belgian hospitals. CGP was performed using a standardized next-generation sequencing panel across nine laboratories, with results reviewed by a national molecular tumor board (nMTB) for treatment recommendations. CGP was successfully performed in 93% of sequenced patients (756/814), with a median turnaround time from inclusion to nMTB report of 29 days. Actionable genomic markers were identified in 81% of patients, substantially higher than the estimated 23% if restricting to nationally reimbursed panels. The nMTB provided treatment recommendations for 69% of patients with successful CGP. Of those with recommendation uptake data available (n = 454), 23% received the matched treatment. Reasons for non-implementation included physician’s choice (27%), trial not conducted at an acceptable distance (21%), and rapid clinical deterioration (12%). CGP also revealed potential germline variants in 15% of cases, prompting recommendations for genetic counseling. The BALLETT study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing standardized CGP across multiple laboratories and its potential to identify actionable targets in a majority of patients with advanced cancers. However, the translation of genomic findings into clinical practice faces challenges, including drug access and the need for improved decision-support tools. These findings underscore the importance of addressing implementation barriers to fully realize the potential of precision oncology in routine clinical care.
Association of CUN-BAE, BRI and Hypertension Among Adolescents Aged 12-18 Years in US, NHANES, 1999-2018
Authors: Yuan Xiaojing , Long Taihua , Zhong Xiangbin , Cai Honglin , Li Yuting , Zeng Xia
Published: November 2024

Background
CUN-BAE (Clínica University of Navarra - Body Fat Estimator) and BRI (Body Rounds Index) are associated with adults’ hypertension. We aimed to assess whether CUN-BAE, BRI is associated with the prevalence of hypertension in adolescents and whether it is superior to body mass index (BMI).
Methods
12,605 adolescents aged 12–18 years were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Correlations between CUN-BAE, BRI and the prevalence of hypertension in adolescents were analyzed using logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to predictive value for the prevalence of hypertension in adolescents.
Results
CUN-BAE, BRI, BMI were positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension in adolescents (The multivariable OR (95%CI): 4.47 (3.44–5.82), for CUN-BAE, 2.95 (2.38–3.66) for BRI, and 3.97 (3.11–5.07) for BMI, for quartiles 4 versus quartile1, respectively), and the relationship was monotonically increasing (P < 0.001 for All trends). The effects of CUN-BAE, BRI and BMI on hypertension were more pronounced in participants aged 15–18 years. Significant association between CUN-BAE and prevalence of hypertension in adolescents observed only in male. BRI had more significant effects on hypertension in female. CUN-BAE and BRI did not show significant superiority over BMI in predicting the prevalence of hypertension in adolescents.
Conclusions
CUN-BAE and BRI were significantly and positively associated with the prevalence of hypertension in adolescents, especially among participants aged 15 years and older. But they were not a substitute for BMI. CUN-BAE and BRI were unique in assessing the risk of hypertension in adolescents.
Evaluating the effectiveness of psychological first aid training for disaster nursing: a mixed-method study
Authors: Yılmaz Emel Bahadır
Published: November 2024

Background
Psychological first aid (PFA) training significantly improves appropriate psychosocial response and PFA skills in supporting people in acute distress, thus increasing self-efficacy and promoting resilience. Nevertheless, nurses' perceptions of disaster preparedness are not at the desired level. More studies are needed to increase the knowledge, skills and preparedness of nurses for better disaster preparedness and management in disaster situations.
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of psychological first aid training on nursing students' perception of self-efficacy in disaster intervention and disaster preparedness.
Methods
This study was conducted in a nursing school in Türkiye. The sample consisted of 62 fourth-year nursing students. Thirty-two students in the intervention group participated in psychological first aid training. The control group consisted of 30 students who did not participate in the training. Data were collected with the Descriptive Information Form, Metaphor Determination Form on Psychological First Aid, Preparedness Perception Scale of Disaster in Nurses, and Disaster Response Self-Efficacy Scale.
Results
Psychological first aid training increased both students' self-efficacy level in disaster response and their perception of disaster preparedness (p < 0.05). Four categories were obtained in the metaphor analysis: need-related, help-related, growth and development-related, and struggle-related.
Conclusions
Psychological first aid training is effective in improving students' self-efficacy in disaster response and their perception of disaster preparedness and needs to be integrated into the curriculum.
What Increase Chance of Dementia among Asian Americans? Analysis of Nativity and Life Course Factors
Authors: Okada Jamil Judith Berard , Yang Michelle Shigi , Yu Roland Alfred , Du Lisa , Theng Bunnarin , Shen Gordon , Lee Wei-Chen
Published: November 2024

Objectives
The Alzheimer’s Association has reported a 746% increase in dementia-related deaths in Asian American populations between 2000 and 2018, the most significant rise compared to all other racial groups. Asian Americans face a unique myriad of obstacles and factors contributing to significant health disparities, including those in dementia. Our aim is to compare determinants and outcomes of dementia between US-born and foreign-born Asian Americans.
Methods
Data from the 2019–2022 National Health Interview Survey was analyzed to examine the relationship between nativity and dementia. Other life course risk factors and outcomes of having dementia were also included in the analysis. The study sample included 16,331 US-born and 126,978 foreign-born Asian Americans.
Results
Foreign-born Asian Americans were found to have a higher proportion of dementia compared to US-born Asian Americans (1.1%>0.4%, p = 0.0140). Risk factors that were found to significantly mediate the relationship between nativity and dementia included age > 65, ever being married, having some college education, and having Medicaid coverage. Foreign-born Asian Americans with dementia are more likely to suffer from depression (p < 0.001) and experience/have difficulty in social involvement (p < 0.001) compared to US-born Asian Americans with dementia.
Discussion
Our findings reaffirm that nativity contributes to the heterogeneous risk and outcomes of dementia in Asian Americans and the likelihood of having dementia is further mediated by life course factors. Interventions to support Asian American immigrants are needed to reduce the burden of dementia. More studies that identify nativity variations are also recommended to address health disparities that disproportionately affect older immigrants.
Toxin producing cyanobacteria and phytoplankton in Antarctic and sub-Antarctic waters: a review
Authors: Brito-Echeverría Jocelyn , Pérez Pablo Andrés , Echeveste Pedro
Published: November 2024

The interaction between climate change and anthropogenic activities in Antarctica is facilitating the invasion of temperate microorganisms into its aquatic ecosystems, including toxic species that could impact these ecosystems. This review aims to identify the toxic cyanobacteria and microalgae species detected thus far in sub-Antarctic and Antarctic waters and to explore long-term trends in key environmental parameters—such as temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a concentrations, and dust deposition—in the areas where these species have been found. To date, five marine species (Pseudo-nitzschia sp., Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata, Alexandrium tamarense, Karenia papilionacea and Dinophysis spp.) and nine freshwater species (Nostoc sp., Phormidium spp., Planktothrix sp., Anabaena sp., Anagnostidinema pseudacutissimum, Oscillatoria sp., Microcoleus autumnalis, Phormidesmis priestleyi, and Wilmottia murrayi) have been identified as producing toxins and/or having the genes to potentially produce them. It is hypothesized that the environmental changes stemming from climate change and the increasing human presence in Antarctica will create conditions conducive to new invasions of toxic phytoplankton and cyanobacteria species, potentially resulting in harmful blooms with unpredictable consequences for Antarctic biota.
Evaluation Anti-porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Activity of Bacillus Strains
Authors: Zheng Yu-Wei , Chang Hui-Wen , Liu Je-Ruei
Published: November 2024

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major pathogen in the swine industry, causing severe respiratory and reproductive issues in pigs and leading to substantial economic losses worldwide. This study investigates the antiviral potential of three Bacillus strains—Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LN, Bacillus licheniformis CK, and Bacillus velezensis AC—against PRRSV using the MARC-145 cell model. All three strains demonstrated significant prophylactic and direct-inhibitory effects against PRRSV, primarily through the inhibition of viral attachment and internalization, and a reduction in intracellular and extracellular viral loads. Notably, the cell-wall fraction of Bacillus velezensis AC upregulated type I IFN-dependent genes, including interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15), myxovirus resistance 2 (Mx2), and 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1). Additionally, all strains significantly reduced interleukin (IL)-8 expression, with reductions in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels observed in specific treatments, highlighting their immune-modulatory effects. These findings suggest that Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LN, Bacillus licheniformis CK, and Bacillus velezensis AC have potential as antiviral agents against PRRSV, offering alternative strategies for managing PRRSV infections in swine populations.
Optimized Single-Step Carbonization of Michelia Champaca Biomass for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Shrestha Dibyashree
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the potential of Michelia Champaca, a hardwood, as a sustainable precursor for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes. Activated carbons were prepared using single-step carbonization at 400°C and 500°C (SSC-400°C and SSC-500°C) and double-step carbonization at 400°C (DSC-400°C) with all samples activated using H₃PO₄. The effects of carbonization temperature on the structural, morphological, and electrochemical properties of the resulting electrodes were examined. SSC-400°C exhibited superior electrochemical performance, with a specific capacitance of 292.2 F g⁻¹, energy density of 6.4 Wh kg⁻¹, and power density of 198.4 W kg⁻¹. Its optimized pore structure and surface chemistry contributed to enhanced performance. SSC-500°C showed slightly lower performance, while DSC-400°C demonstrated the lowest, suggesting that the double-step process may negatively impact structural and electrochemical properties. These findings highlight the potential of Michelia Champaca wood as a renewable source for high-quality activated carbon materials suitable for supercapacitor applications. Future research could focus on optimizing the carbonization process and exploring other precursors to further enhance electrode performance.
Generalized novel digital chaotic system control method with output sequence cycle length up to theoretical upper limit and FPGA implementation
Authors: Zeng Jian , Ding Qun
Published: November 2024

Many characteristics of chaotic system correspond to “confusion” and “diffusion” in cryptography, which makes chaotic system in the field of information security has been concerned by many scholars. If the chaotic system in the real number domain is directly applied to hardware devices with limited precision, the operation of data will be truncated and truncated in different degrees, and its performance cannot meet the demand of chaotic secure communication, which also affects the wide application of chaotic system in the field of practical engineering. In order to address this problem, a new method is proposed for the design of controlled digitised chaotic systems by introducing controlled functions to improve the digitised chaotic systems with controllable output sequence cycle lengths, and arbitrary number of controlled systems with the required period lengths of the output sequences can be designed. The process of constructing two digital nonlinear system models according to the controlled method is described in detail, and it is proved through specific theoretical analyses and experiments that the output sequence period length of the digital nonlinear system model is controllable and can reach the theoretical upper limit ; meanwhile, it is possible to design any number of digital nonlinear systems according to the proposed models. Further, a pseudo-random sequence generator (PRNG) based on digitised chaotic system is designed and implemented in hardware, and finally an encryption system is constructed to verify the practical engineering usability of the pseudo-random sequence generator.