bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deletion/duplication mutation screening of TP53 gene in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of urinary bladder using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification
Authors: Bazrafshani Mohammad Reza R. , Nowshadi Pouriaali A. , Shirian Sadegh , Daneshbod Yahya , Nabipour Fatemeh , Mokhtari Maral , Hosseini Fatemehsadat , Dehghan Somayeh , Saeedzadeh Abolfazl , Mosayebi Ziba
Published: December 2015

Bladder cancer is a molecular disease driven by the accumulation of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to detect the deletions/duplication mutations in TP53 gene exons using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) method in the patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). The achieved formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues from 60 patients with TCC of bladder were screened for exonal deletions or duplications of every 12 TP53 gene exons using MLPA. The pathological sections were examined by three pathologists and categorized according to the WHO scoring guideline as 18 (30%) grade I, 22 (37%) grade II, 13 (22%) grade III, and 7 (11%) grade IV cases of TCC. None mutation changes of TP53 gene were detected in 24 (40%) of the patients. Furthermore, mutation changes including, 15 (25%) deletion, 17 (28%) duplication, and 4 (7%) both deletion and duplication cases were observed among 60 samples. From 12 exons of TP53 gene, exon 1 was more subjected to exonal deletion. Deletion of exon 1 of TP53 gene has occurred in 11 (35.4%) patients with TCC. In general, most mutations of TP53, either deletion or duplication, were found in exon 1, which was statistically significant. In addition, no relation between the TCC tumor grade and any type of mutation were observed in this research. MLPA is a simple and efficient method to analyze genomic deletions and duplications of all 12 exons of TP53 gene. The finding of this report that most of the mutations of TP53 occur in exon 1 is in contrast to that of the other reports suggesting that exons 5–8 are the most (frequently) mutated exons of TP53 gene. The mutations of exon 1 of TP53 gene may play an important role in the tumorogenesis of TCC.
Irritability series focuses on subtypes and need for research
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2015

Irritability is a common symptom of children who seek mental health services, but there is a lack of understanding about the relationship between pathophysiology and psychopathology of chronic or severe irritability, as well as the public health impact of the condition. Recently, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) convened a workshop on “Childhood Chronic Irritability and the Pathophysiology of Mental Illness” as a way to encourage research into the topic.
Designing Advanced Filtration Media through Metal Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Burns Neil , Burns Mark , Travis Darren , Geekie Louise , Rennie Allan E. W.
Published: December 2015

Traditional metal filters are manufactured from perforated plate which forms the filter support to withstand operational pressures and one or more layers of woven wire mesh to form the filter portion at the required level of filtration. The design freedoms and capabilities of additive manufacturing (AM) technology provide the opportunity to design novel filter media with integrated support and filter portions that have defined aperture size and strand diameter. Maximizing the open area of a filter increases filtration efficiency. AM integrated filter support and filter portion designs were optimized and the resultant filter media discussed have the potential to decrease the end users' pumping energy requirements and so reduce energy costs and the inherent carbon footprint.
Photoresponsive Molecular Memory Films Composed of Sequentially Assembled Heterolayers Containing Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Nagashima Takumi , Ozawa Hiroaki , Suzuki Takashi , Nakabayashi Takuya , Kanaizuka Katsuhiko , Haga Masa‐aki
Published: December 2015

Photoresponsive molecular memory films were fabricated by a layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembling of two dinuclear Ru complexes with tetrapodal phosphonate anchors, containing either 2,3,5,6‐tetra(2‐pyridyl)pyrazine or 1,2,4,5‐tetra(2‐pyridyl)benzene as a bridging ligand (Ru‐NP and Ru‐CP, respectively), using zirconium phosphonate to link the layers. Various types of multilayer homo‐ and heterostructures were constructed. In the multilayer heterofilms such as ITO||(Ru‐NP)m|(Ru‐CP)n, the difference in redox potentials between Ru‐NP and Ru‐CP layers was approximately 0.7 V, which induced a potential gradient determined by the sequence of the layers. In the ITO||(Ru‐NP)m|(Ru‐CP)n multilayer heterofilms, the direct electron transfer (ET) from the outer Ru‐CP layers to the ITO were observed to be blocked for m>2, and charge trapping in the outer Ru‐CP layers became evident from the appearance of an intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) band at 1140 nm from the formation of the mixed‐valent state of Ru‐CP units, resulting from the reductive ET mediation of the inner Ru‐NP layers. Therefore, the charging/discharging (“1”and “0”) states in the outer Ru‐CP layers could be addressed and interconverted by applying potential pulses between −0.5 and +0.7 V. The two states could be read out by the direction of the photocurrent (anodic or cathodic). The molecular heterolayer films thus represent a typical example of a photoresponsive memory device; that is, the writing process may be achieved by the applied potential (−0.5 or +0.7 V), while the readout process is achieved by measuring the direction of the photocurrent (anodic or cathodic). Sequence‐sensitive multilayer heterofilms, using redox‐active complexes as building blocks, thus demonstrate great potential for the design of molecular functional devices.
Circular DNA by “Bis‐Click” Ligation: Template‐Independent Intramolecular Circularization of Oligonucleotides with Terminal Alkynyl Groups Utilizing Bifunctional Azides
Authors: Yang Haozhe , Seela Frank
Published: December 2015

A highly effective and convenient “bis‐click” strategy was developed for the template‐independent circularization of single‐stranded oligonucleotides by employing copper(I)‐assisted azide–alkyne cycloaddition. Terminal triple bonds were incorporated at both ends of linear oligonucleotides. Alkynylated 7‐deaza‐2′‐deoxyadenosine and 2′‐deoxyuridine residues with different side chains were used in solid‐phase synthesis with phosphoramidite chemistry. The bis‐click ligation of linear 9‐ to 36‐mer oligonucleotides with 1,4‐bis(azidomethyl)benzene afforded circular DNA in a simple and selective way; azido modification of the oligonucleotide was not necessary. Short ethynyl side chains were compatible with the circularization of longer oligonucleotides, whereas octadiynyl residues were used for short 9‐mers. Compared with linear duplexes, circular bis‐click constructs exhibit a significantly increased duplex stability over their linear counterparts. The intramolecular bis‐click ligation protocol is not limited to DNA, but may also be suitable for the construction of other macrocycles, such as circular RNAs, peptides, or polysaccharides.
Porphyrin Metalation at MgO Surfaces: A Spectroscopic and Quantum Mechanical Study on Complementary Model Systems
Authors: Schneider Johannes , Franke Matthias , Gurrath Martin , Röckert Michael , Berger Thomas , Bernardi Johannes , Meyer Bernd , Steinrück Hans‐Peter , Lytken Ole , Diwald Oliver
Published: December 2015

We show that both single‐crystalline and nanostructured MgO surfaces convert free‐base tetraphenyl porphyrin (2HTPP) into magnesium tetraphenyl porphyrin (MgTPP) at room temperature. The reaction can be viewed as an ion exchange between the two aminic protons of the 2HTPP molecule with a Mg2+ ion from the surface. The driving force for the reaction is the strong stability of the formed hydroxyl groups along the steps and at defects on the MgO surface. We have used an integrated characterization approach that includes UV/Vis diffuse reflectance measurements on nanostructured powders, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic investigation of atomically clean MgO(100) single‐crystalline thin films, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations on model systems. The DFT calculations demonstrate that MgTPP formation is strongly exothermic at the corners, edges and steps, but slightly endothermic on terrace sites. This agrees well with the UV/Vis diffuse reflectance, which upon adsorption of 2HTPP shows a decrease in the absorption band associated with corner and edge sites on MgO nanocube powders.
Methylammonium Bismuth Iodide as a Lead‐Free, Stable Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Solar Absorber
Authors: Hoye Robert L. Z. , Brandt Riley E. , Osherov Anna , Stevanović Vladan , Stranks Samuel D. , Wilson Mark W. B. , Kim Hyunho , Akey Austin J. , Perkins John D. , Kurchin Rachel C. , Poindexter Jeremy R. , Wang Evelyn N. , Bawendi Moungi G. , Bulović Vladimir , Buonassisi Tonio
Published: December 2015

Methylammonium lead halide (MAPbX3) perovskites exhibit exceptional carrier transport properties. But their commercial deployment as solar absorbers is currently limited by their intrinsic instability in the presence of humidity and their lead content. Guided by our theoretical predictions, we explored the potential of methylammonium bismuth iodide (MBI) as a solar absorber through detailed materials characterization. We synthesized phase‐pure MBI by solution and vapor processing. In contrast to MAPbX3, MBI is air stable, forming a surface layer that does not increase the recombination rate. We found that MBI luminesces at room temperature, with the vapor‐processed films exhibiting superior photoluminescence (PL) decay times that are promising for photovoltaic applications. The thermodynamic, electronic, and structural features of MBI that are amenable to these properties are also present in other hybrid ternary bismuth halide compounds. Through MBI, we demonstrate a lead‐free and stable alternative to MAPbX3 that has a similar electronic structure and nanosecond lifetimes.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Magnetic Properties of the Iridium Double Perovskites Ba2‐xSrxYIrO6.
Authors: Ranjbar Ben , Reynolds Emily , Kayser Paula , Kennedy Brendan J. , Hester James R. , Kimpton Justin A.
Published: December 2015

The ordered double perovskites Ba2‐xSrxYIrO6 (x = 0—2) are prepared by calcination of stoichiometric mixtures of BaCO3, SrCO3, Y2O3, and Ir in air (alumina crucible, staged heating at 650—850 °C, 12 h per stage) followed by staged sintering in air at 1050—1350 °C (72 h per stage).
ChemInform Abstract: P3‐Type Layered Sodium‐Deficient Nickel‐Manganese Oxides: A Flexible Structural Matrix for Reversible Sodium and Lithium Intercalation.
Authors: Kalapsazova Maria , Ortiz Gregorio F. , Tirado Jose L. , Dolotko Oleksandr , Zhecheva Ekaterina , Nihtianova Diana , Mihaylov Lyuben , Stoyanova Radostina
Published: December 2015

P3‐NaxNi0.5Mn0.5O2 (x = 0.50, 0.67) and P2‐Na0.66Ni0.33Mn0.66O2 are prepared by thermal decomposition of freeze‐dried Na, Ni, and Mn acetate precursors in O2 at 400 °C followed by annealing in air (700 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties of Nickel Chain Compounds PbM2Ni6Te3O18 (M: Mn, Cd).
Authors: Doi Yoshihiro , Suzuki Ryo , Hinatsu Yukio , Kodama Katsuaki , Igawa Naoki
Published: December 2015

The title compounds are prepared by solid state reactions of PbO or CdO, MnO, NiO, and TeO2 (gold tube, 973—1073 K, 12—36 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Eu3Ir2In15: A Mixed‐Valent and Vacancy‐Filled Variant of the Sc5Co4Si10 Structure Type with Anomalous Magnetic Properties.
Authors: Sarkar Sumanta , Banerjee Swastika , Jana Rajkumar , Siva Ramesh , Pati Swapan K. , Balasubramanian Mahalingam , Peter Sebastian C.
Published: December 2015

The new title compound is synthesized in 95% yield from mixtures of Eu, Ir, excess In as an active metal flux, and Si to nucleate crystal growth (alumina crucible, 1273 K for 6 h, followed by annealing at 1123 K for 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: The First Modular Route to Core‐Chiral Bispidine Ligands and Their Application in Enantioselective Copper(II)‐Catalyzed Henry Reactions.
Authors: Scharnagel Dagmar , Mueller Andreas , Prause Felix , Eck Martin , Goller Jessica , Milius Wolfgang , Breuning Matthias
Published: December 2015

A novel tricyclic bispidine ligand is prepared and successfully applied as a chiral ligand in Cu‐catalyzed asymmetric Henry reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Reaction of 3‐Alkylidene Oxindoles.
Authors: Feng Junjun , Li Xin , Cheng Jin‐Pei
Published: December 2015

with MBH carbonates (II) leading to chiral oxindole derivatives (III) with good to high enantioselectivity and Z/E‐selectivity
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones and Phenols Enabled by Cyclic (Amino)(alkyl)carbene Rhodium Complexes.
Authors: Wei Yu , Rao Bin , Cong Xuefeng , Zeng Xiaoming
Published: December 2015

Two novel rhodium complexes, DMCR and CYCR, are prepared and successfully applied as catalysts for the highly chemoselective hydrogenation of aromatic ketones and phenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Cp*RhIII‐Catalyzed Arylation of C(sp3)—H Bonds.
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Yu Da‐Gang , Glorius Frank
Published: December 2015

2‐Alkylpyridines and diarylmethanes (VI) react with triarylboroxines in the presence of the rhodium catalyst to afford the corresponding arylated compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Multicomponent Thiomethylation of Aliphatic 1,3‐Diketones as Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Bis(1,3‐diketone‐2‐ylmethylsulphanyl)alkanes.
Authors: Akhmetova Vnira R. , Akhmadiev Nail S. , Starikova Zoya A. , Tulyabaev Arthur R. , Mescheryakova Ekaterina S. , Ibragimov Askhat G.
Published: December 2015

Cyclic and acyclic aliphatic ketones are efficiently transformed according to the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Asymmetric [4 + 1] Annulation Reaction Between Sulfur Ylides and 1,3‐Dienes.
Authors: Rousseau Olivier , Delaunay Thierry , Dequirez Geoffroy , Trieu‐Van Tran , Robeyns Koen , Robiette Raphael
Published: December 2015

Functionalized cyclopentenes are conveniently obtained via stereoselective cyclopropanation reaction of sulfur ylides with 1,2‐dienes followed by in situ stereospecific MgI2‐promoted rearrangement of vinylcyclopropanes.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Annulation of Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropanes with Dienes.
Authors: Xu Hao , Hu Jiang‐Lin , Wang Lijia , Liao Saihu , Tang Yong
Published: December 2015

Donor‐acceptor substituted cyclopropanes are efficiently transformed with dienolsilyl ethers in the presence of a newly designed chiral bisoxazoline ligand.
ChemInform Abstract: C—F Activation in Perfluorinated Arenes with Isonitriles under UV‐Light Irradiation.
Authors: Dewanji Abhishek , Mueck‐Lichtenfeld Christian , Bergander Klaus , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Studer Armido
Published: December 2015

A series of imidoyl fluorides (III) is readily prepared by photoreaction of isonitriles (I) with hexafluorobenzene.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinylation of Unprotected Phenols Using a Biocatalytic System.
Authors: Busto Eduardo , Simon Robert C. , Kroutil Wolfgang
Published: December 2015

The regioselective preparation of p‐vinylphenols, which are of high interest in the preparation of polymers and fine chemicals, from substituted phenols and pyruvate is best achieved in an incubation solution (detailed elaboration of the conditions) which contains three biocatalysts under an optimized pH value.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Thioetherification Reactions of Alkyl Halides, Triphenyltin Chloride, and Arylboronic Acids with Nitroarenes in the Presence of Sulfur Sources.
Authors: Rostami Abed , Rostami Amin , Ghaderi Arash
Published: December 2015

A wide range of structurally diverse alkyl/benzyl aryl and unsymmetrical diaryl thioethers are obtained by three efficient methodologies using green solvents, inexpensive catalysts, and user‐friendly starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Haloacid/Dimethyl Sulfoxide‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Symmetrical Disulfides by Oxidation of Thiols.
Authors: Natarajan Palani , Sharma Himani , Kaur Mandeep , Sharma Pooja
Published: December 2015

The simple process tolerates aryl and alkyl substituents endowed with diverse functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Catalyzed Direct tert‐Butyl Sulfonylation of Alkynes with t‐Butylsulfinamide Leading to (E)‐Vinyl Sulfones.
Authors: Liu Zhidong , Chen Xiaolan , Chen Jianyu , Qu Lingbo , Xia Yingya , Wu Haitao , Ma Huili , Zhu Shaohua , Zhao Yufen
Published: December 2015

The key step of the method is the cleavage of the N—S bond of tert‐butylsulfinamide catalyzed by an inexpensive and easily available catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Access to 1,3,5‐Triarylbenzenes from Chalcones and DMSO.
Authors: Wang Fuyuan , Shen Jinhai , Cheng Guolin , Cui Xiuling
Published: December 2015

The title benzenes are obtained under metal‐free and air‐tolerant reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bicyclic Tetrahydrofurans from Linear Precursors Using Manganese(III) Acetate.
Authors: Chany Anne‐Caroline , Marx Leo B. , Burton Jonathan W.
Published: December 2015

This Mn(OAc)3‐mediated intramolecular cyclization gives the corresponding cis‐fused products in good to high yields with modest to high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Atom‐Economic Synthesis of Fully Substituted 2‐Aminopyrroles via Gold‐Catalyzed Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition Between Ynamides and Isoxazoles.
Authors: Xiao Xin‐Yu , Zhou Ai‐Hua , Shu Chao , Pan Fei , Li Ting , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: December 2015

Under mild conditions which do not require exclusion of either moisture or air, a series of the desired heterocyclic synthons is prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Isoindolinone Derivatives Based on Reaction of ortho‐Lithiated Aromatic Imines with CO.
Authors: Li Hai‐Jun , Zhang Yu‐Qing , Tang Liang‐Fu
Published: December 2015

The fungicidal activity of the products is evaluated and shown to be good for most of the 28 prepared isoindoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: The Combined Use of Cationic Palladium(II) with a Surfactant for the C—H Functionalization of Indoles and Pyrroles in Water.
Authors: Kitanosono Taku , Miyo Masumi , Kobayashi Shu
Published: December 2015

Indole and pyrrole derivatives are functionalized with α,β‐unsaturated compounds including vinyl ketones and β‐nitrostyrene.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Stereocontrolled, One‐Pot Approach Toward Pyrrolobenzoxazinones and Pyrroloquinazolinones Through a Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed [3 + 2]‐Cycloannulation Process.
Authors: Boomhoff Michael , Ukis Rostyslav , Schneider Christoph
Published: December 2015

Stereocontrolled cycloheteroannulation of bis‐silyl dienediolate (III) with aminobenzoic acid‐ and aminobenzamide‐derived imines provides access to pyrrolobenzoxazinones and pyrroloquinazolinones in good overall yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Thiocyanation of Imidazoheterocycles Through Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis.
Authors: Mitra Shubhanjan , Ghosh Monoranjan , Mishra Subhajit , Hajra Alakananda
Published: December 2015

The title reaction is applied to the parent compound (Ia) and a series of substituted analogues to produce the desired C‐3 thiocyanato derivatives under ambient air at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Dehydrogenative TEMPO‐Mediated Formation of Unstable Nitrones: Easy Access to N‐Carbamoyl Isoxazolines.
Authors: Gini Andrea , Segler Marwin , Kellner Dominik , Garcia Mancheno Olga
Published: December 2015

Unstable nitrones, formed from the hydroxylamine substrates in the presence of TEMPO, are trapped with alkynes or alkenes to produce the desired isoxazolidines as versatile building blocks of biologically active compounds or natural products (detailed mechanism).
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐ and Sixfold Tandem‐Domino Reactions Leading to Dimeric Tetrasubstituted Alkenes Suitable as Molecular Switches.
Authors: Tietze Lutz F. , Waldecker Bernd , Ganapathy Dhandapani , Eichhorst Christoph , Lenzer Thomas , Oum Kawon , Reichmann Sven O. , Stalke Dietmar
Published: December 2015

Tetrasubstituted alkenes (II) and (IV) with intrinsic helical chirality are prepared via a fourfold tandem‐domino reaction consisting of two carbopalladation and two C—H activation steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Molecular Docking Study of Novel Chromeno‐Chromenones as anti‐HIV‐1 NNRT Inhibitors.
Authors: Kasralikar Hanmant M. , Jadhavar Suresh C. , Bhusare Sudhakar R.
Published: December 2015

The three‐component reaction between salicylaldehydes (I), 4‐hydroxycoumarin (II) and indole (III) or barbituric acid (V) furnishes the corresponding chromeno[4,3‐b]chromen‐6‐ones in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium(III) Photocatalysis: A Visible‐Light‐Induced Dearomatizative Tandem [4 + 2] Cyclization to Furnish Benzindolizidines.
Authors: Muehmel Sandra , Alpers Dirk , Hoffmann Frank , Brasholz Malte
Published: December 2015

A variety of benzindolizidines (III) is synthesized by a photocatalytic tandem [4 + 2] cyclization of N‐(2‐iodoethyl)indoles (I) with alkenes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: A Greener Approach Towards Double Heteroarylation of N, O and S Nucleophiles: Synthesis of Bioactive Polynuclear Fused N‐Heteroarenes.
Authors: Nikumbh Satish P. , Raghunadh Akula , Murthy V. Narayana , Jinkala Rajesh , Joseph Suju C. , Murthy Y. L. N. , Prasad Bagineni , Pal Manojit
Published: December 2015

The reaction is conducted under catalyst, ligand, as well as solvent free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C—H Phenylselenylation of (Hetero)Arenes in Water.
Authors: Jin Weiwei , Zheng Poonnapa , Wong Wing‐Tak , Law Ga‐Lai
Published: December 2015

2‐(3,5‐dibromophenyl)pyridine as well as 2‐phenyl‐6‐methylpyridine do not give the corresponding selenated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Two New Iridoid Esters from the Root and Rhizome of Valeriana jatamansi Jones.
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhang Jian‐Fen , Song Hui‐Zhu , Gu Man‐Cang , Zhao Hua‐Jun , Xiong Yao‐Kang
Published: December 2015

Valerjatadoids A (I) and B (II) are isolated along with the known iridoid esters, jatamanin O, jatamanvaltrate P, and jatamanvaltrate Q.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (—)‐Hosieine A.
Authors: Ouyang Jie , Yan Rui , Mi Xianwei , Hong Ran
Published: December 2015

In the approach to the title compound (IV), a bioactive constituent of Ormosia hosier, the unprecedented nitroso—ene cyclization of hydroxamic acid (II) represents the main step with formation of the 2‐azabicyclo[3.2.1]octane core.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Nanotubes Used for Renewable Energy Applications and Environmental Protection/Remediation: A Review
Authors: Wong Kaufui V. , Bachelier Benoit
Published: December 2015

Review: 76 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Base Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts: an Up‐to‐Date Overview
Authors: Vedrine Jacques C.
Published: December 2015

Review: 148 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Utility of 3‐Amino‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐c]pyridazine in Heterocyclic Synthesis
Authors: Deeb Ali , Abdelgawad Ahmed A. M.
Published: December 2015

Review: 35 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photocatalytic Fluoroalkylation Reactions of Organic Compounds
Authors: Barata‐Vallejo Sebastian , Bonesi Sergio M. , Postigo Al
Published: December 2015

Review: [118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: CNS Active O‐Linked Glycopeptides
Authors: Jones Evan M. , Polt Robin
Published: December 2015

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Experiments (DoE) and Process Optimization. A Review of Recent Publications
Authors: Weissman Steven A. , Anderson Neal G.
Published: December 2015

Review: 108 refs.
Size of nanoparticle agglomerates in fluidization
Authors: Tamadondar Mohammad R. , Zarghami Reza , Boutou Katia , Tahmasebpoor Maryam , Mostoufi Navid
Published: December 2015

A model based on force balance was proposed to estimate the equilibrium size of agglomerates formed in the fluidization process of nanoparticles. This model was derived based on the balance between drag, collision, and gravity forces as separation forces, and the van der Waals force as an adhesion force. The effects of permeability of agglomerates and addition of isopropanol to the gas‐solid suspension on the agglomerate size were investigated for the first time. Results showed that the average size of agglomerates decreased when increasing the gas velocity. In addition, the average agglomerate sizes decreased in the presence of isopropanol due to the weakening of van der Waals adhesion force. An overall agreement with an average error of 20 % was observed between the estimated agglomerate sizes and the experimental data.
Exercise and Physical Activity for the Post–Aortic Dissection Patient: The Clinician's Conundrum
Authors: Chaddha Ashish , Eagle Kim A. , Braverman Alan C. , Kline‐Rogers Eva , Hirsch Alan T. , Brook Robert , Jackson Elizabeth A. , Woznicki Elise M. , Housholder‐Hughes Susan , Pitler Linda , Franklin Barry A.
Published: December 2015

Despite the paucity of evidence, it is often presumed, and is physiologically plausible, that sudden, acute elevations in blood pressure may transiently increase the risk of recurrent aortic dissection (AD) or rupture in patients with a prior AD, because a post‐dissection aorta is almost invariably dilated and may thus experience greater associated wall stress as compared with a nondilated aorta. Few data are available regarding the specific types and intensities of exercise that may be both safe and beneficial for this escalating patient population. The purpose of this editorial/commentary is to further explore this conundrum for clinicians caring for and counseling AD survivors. Moderate‐intensity cardiovascular activity may be cardioprotective in this patient cohort. It is likely that severe physical activity restrictions may reduce functional capacity and quality of life in post‐AD patients and thus be harmful, underscoring the importance of further exploring the role of physical activity and/or structured exercise in this at‐risk patient population.
Intra‐abdominal Hypertension: An Important Consideration for Diuretic Resistance in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Nguyen Vinh Q. , Gadiraju Taraka V. , Patel Hiren , Park Minnsun , Le Jemtel Thierry H. , Jaiswal Abhishek
Published: December 2015

Fluid accumulation is the hallmark of heart failure decompensation. Fluid overload and congestion are associated with recurrent hospitalizations, poor quality of life, and increased mortality in heart failure. Despite the use of high‐dose intravenous loop diuretic therapy, acutely decompensated heart failure patients may develop diuretic resistance. Diuretic refractoriness can be a result of elevated intra‐abdominal pressure (IAP) in acutely decompensated heart failure. Increased renal venous and interstitial pressures in patients with elevated IAP may lead to renal impairment and diuretic resistance. Routine approaches such as sequential nephron blockade with a combination of loop and thiazide or thiazide‐like diuretics, continuous diuretic infusion, and ultrafiltration may not be sufficient. Presented here is a case illustrating the importance of recognizing intra‐abdominal hypertension in patients with diuretic resistance. Lowering IAP improves renal perfusion, renal filtration, and diuresis. When elevated, IAP is an easily reversible cause of diuretic resistance. Additionally, abdominal perfusion pressure can be used to guide therapy to reverse end‐organ damage and avoid permanent renal replacement therapy.
Comprehensive Study on Ceramic Membranes for Low‐Cost Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Pasternak Grzegorz , Greenman John , Ieropoulos Ioannis
Published: December 2015

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) made with different types of ceramic membranes were investigated to find a low‐cost alternative to commercially available proton exchange membranes. The MFCs operated with fresh human urine as the fuel. Pyrophyllite and earthenware produced the best performance to reach power densities of 6.93 and 6.85 W m−3, respectively, whereas mullite and alumina achieved power densities of 4.98 and 2.60 W m−3, respectively. The results indicate the dependence of bio‐film growth and activity on the type of ceramic membrane applied. The most favourable conditions were created in earthenware MFCs. The performance of the ceramic membranes was related to their physical and chemical properties determined by environmental scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The cost of mullite, earthenware, pyrophyllite and alumina was estimated to be 13.61, 4.14, 387.96 and 177.03 GBP m−2, respectively. The results indicate that earthenware and mullite are good substitutes for commercially available proton exchange membranes, which makes the MFC technology accessible in developing countries.
Novel noncoherent detection for multi‐hop amplify‐and‐forward relaying systems
Authors: Mao Minghe , Cao Ning , Chen Yunfei , Chu Haobing
Published: December 2015

Because of the multiplication of fading gains and noise, the actual distributions of the received signals in multi‐hop amplify‐and‐forward relaying systems are no longer Gaussian. In this work, they are fitted with the t location‐scale distribution and the logistic distribution. Using these distributions, two novel noncoherent detectors are proposed based on the maximum likelihood method. Numerical results show that both new detectors outperform the conventional energy detector. The performance gain increases when the signal‐to‐noise ratio increases or when the hop number decreases. Importantly, the bit error rate of the conventional energy detector reaches an error floor while the bit error rates of the new detectors do not. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spermiophages on testicular fine needle aspiration cytology: A rare finding
Authors: Jashnani Kusum , Desai Heena , Shetty Jyothi
Published: December 2015

Macrophages usually reside in the testicular interstitial tissues and are normally not found within the seminiferous tubules. However, in certain cases of male infertility, the macrophages are activated and can then be found within the tubules where they can ingest spermatozoa and are labeled as “spermiophages.” FNAC was performed in a 36 year male with history of primary infertility. On microscopy, smears made from right testis were indicative of hypospermatogenesis. On the contrary, smears made from the left testis were very cellular showing Sertoli cells and the entire spectrum of normal spermatogenesis. Also seen were many isolated spermiophages. The cytological impression given for the left testis was normal spermatogenesis with numerous spermiophages. Thus the patient fell in the category of obstructive azoospermia (OA).

According to currently adopted hypothesis, macrophages carry ingested sperm heads with some antigenic components to the basal capillaries which may result in the formation of autoantibodies against the spermatozoa. This situation may further diminish the chances of fertility in men.

The origin of these spermiophage cells is unknown. Although commonly reported in semen and epididymal biopsies, they have not been reported to occur on testicular fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). In our case, no sperms were found on semen examination which were easily picked up on testicular FNAC indicating usefulness of the latter in the diagnosis of cases of male infertility and eliminating the need for a testicular biopsy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:232–234. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new approach for standardization and increased accuracy of lymph node washout thyroglobulin in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Aydin Cevdet , Ozdemir Didem , Sacikara Muhammed , Polat Sefika Burcak , Yazgan Aylin Kilic , Turkolmez Seyda , Onal Eda Demir , Ersoy Reyhan , Cakir Bekir
Published: December 2015

Background

High values of fine needle aspiration washout thyroglobulin (FNAB‐Tg) are diagnostic for metastatic lesions of thyroid cancer. However, there is not a consensus on cutoff for high FNAB‐Tg level. In this study, we aimed to determine a more accurate and standardized parameter for FNAB‐Tg.

Methods

Ultrasonographically suspicious lymph nodes of patients with histopathologically confirmed differentiated thyroid cancer or malignant/suspicion for malignancy cytology were included. Tg washout was obtained by aspiration and nonaspiration fine needle biopsy (nonaspiration‐FNB). Simultaneous Tg was measured from serum. Aspiration and washout procedures were also performed from whole blood and serum using syringes and needles identical to ones used for lymph node biopsy.

Results

Data of 19 lesions in 17 patients who underwent lymph node dissection were analyzed. Nonaspiration FNB‐Tg, FNAB‐Tg/whole blood washout‐Tg, nonaspiration FNB‐Tg/whole blood washout‐Tg, nonaspiration FNB‐Tg/serum washout‐Tg, nonaspiration FNB‐Tg/serum Tg ratios were significantly higher in malignant lymph nodes compared to benign ones. Areas under the ROC curve for nonaspiration FNB‐Tg, FNAB‐Tg/whole blood washout‐Tg, FNAB‐Tg/serum washout‐Tg, nonaspiration FNB‐Tg/whole blood washout‐Tg, nonaspiration FNB‐Tg/serum washout‐Tg, and nonaspiration FNB‐Tg/serum Tg were statistically significant for the discrimination of benign and malignant lymph nodes. Best cutoff value for nonaspiration FNB‐Tg was 4.21. Among ratios, best cutoff values were 5.40 for nonaspiration FNB‐Tg/whole blood washout‐Tg and 3.28 for nonaspiration FNB‐Tg/serum washout‐Tg.

Conclusion

For detection of malignant lymph nodes, determining ratios of nonaspiration FNB‐Tg to whole blood and/or serum washout‐Tg might be a promising method to increase accuracy and provide standardization of lymph node washout procedure Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:177–186. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Therapist adherence in the strong without anorexia nervosa (SWAN) study: A randomized controlled trial of three treatments for adults with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Andony Louise J. , Tay Elaine , Allen Karina L. , Wade Tracey D. , Hay Phillipa , Touyz Stephen , McIntosh Virginia V.W. , Treasure Janet , Schmidt Ulrike H. , Fairburn Christopher G. , Erceg‐Hurn David M. , Fursland Anthea , Crosby Ross D. , Byrne Susan M.
Published: December 2015

Objective

To develop a psychotherapy rating scale to measure therapist adherence in the Strong Without Anorexia Nervosa (SWAN) study, a multi‐center randomized controlled trial comparing three different psychological treatments for adults with anorexia nervosa. The three treatments under investigation were Enhanced Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT‐E), the Maudsley Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults (MANTRA), and Specialist Supportive Clinical Management (SSCM).

Method

The SWAN Psychotherapy Rating Scale (SWAN‐PRS) was developed, after consultation with the developers of the treatments, and refined. Using the SWAN‐PRS, two independent raters initially rated 48 audiotapes of treatment sessions to yield inter‐rater reliability data. One rater proceeded to rate a total of 98 audiotapes from 64 trial participants.

Results

The SWAN‐PRS demonstrated sound psychometric properties, and was considered a reliable measure of therapist adherence. The three treatments were highly distinguishable by independent raters, with therapists demonstrating significantly more behaviors consistent with the actual allocated treatment compared to the other two treatment modalities. There were no significant site differences in therapist adherence observed.

Discussion

The findings provide support for the internal validity of the SWAN study. The SWAN‐PRS was deemed suitable for use in other trials involving CBT‐E, MANTRA, or SSCM. © 2015 The Authors. International Journal of Eating Disorders Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1170–1175)
Sex‐ and age‐specific incidence of healthcare‐register‐recorded eating disorders in the complete swedish 1979–2001 birth cohort
Authors: Javaras Kristin N. , Runfola Cristin D. , Thornton Laura M. , Agerbo Esben , Birgegård Andreas , Norring Claes , Yao Shuyang , Råstam Maria , Larsson Henrik , Lichtenstein Paul , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: December 2015

Objective

To investigate the sex‐ and age‐specific incidence of healthcare‐register‐recorded anorexia nervosa (AN) and other eating disorders (OED) in a complete birth cohort, and assess whether incidence varies by diagnostic period and (sub‐) birth cohort.

Method

We used the actuarial method and Poisson models to examine the incidence of AN and OED from 1987 to 2009 (when individuals were 8–30 years old) for a cohort of 2.3 million individuals (48.7% female) born from 1979 to 2001 in Sweden, identified using Swedish registers.

Results

For both sexes, incidences of AN and OED increased considerably for diagnostic periods after 2000, but differed little by birth cohort. In 2009, AN incidence in the peak age category was 205.9 cases/100,000 persons (95% CI: 178.2, 233.5) for females (14–15 years), versus 12.8 cases/100,000 (95% CI: 5.6, 20.1) for males (12–13 years). OED incidence in the peak age category was 372.1 cases/100,000 (95% CI: 336.4, 407.9) for females (16–17 years), versus 22.2 cases/100,000 (95% CI: 13.3, 31.1) for males (14–15 years).

Discussion

Our finding of an increase in healthcare‐register‐recorded eating disorders for diagnostic periods after 2000 likely reflects improved detection and expanded register coverage in Sweden. The peak of eating disorder incidence in adolescence, which began unexpectedly early for AN in males, suggests the importance of vigilance for signs of AN in young boys and early primary prevention efforts. Waiting until later could miss critical windows for intervention that could prevent disorders from taking root. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2015; 48:1070–1081).
Copper(II) Inverse‐[9‐Metallacrown‐3] Compounds Accommodating ­Nitrato or Diclofenac Ligands: Structure, Magnetism, and Biological Activity
Authors: Tarushi Alketa , Raptopoulou Catherine P. , Psycharis Vassilis , Kontos Christos K. , Kessissoglou Dimitris P. , Scorilas Andreas , Tangoulis Vassilis , Psomas George
Published: December 2015

Interaction of Cu(NO3)2 with phenyl 2‐pyridyl ketoxime (PhPyCNOH) in the presence or absence of sodium diclofenac (Nadicl) leads to the formation of mono‐ or double‐decker trinuclear clusters, respectively, characterized as inverse‐9‐metallacrown‐3 accommodating dicl– or NO3– anions. The structures of [Cu3(PhPyCNO)3(µ3‐O)(NO3)]2 (1) and [Cu3(PhPyCNO)3(µ3‐OH)(dicl)2]·MeOH·0.5H2O (2·MeOH·0.5H2O) were determined by X‐ray crystallography. Magnetic studies show a large antiferromagnetic interaction, whereas a discrepancy appears between the low‐temperature magnetic data and that predicted from an isotropic Hamiltonian model, indicating the influence of antisymmetric interactions. By using a different magnetic model with antisymmetric terms, the low‐temperature susceptibility and magnetization data were fitted. The EPR data support the observation that 2 has isosceles or lower magnetic symmetry, whereas the antisymmetric exchange mechanism is used to identify the reported g values of the spectra. EPR studies also revealed that complex 2 keeps its structure in solution. The complexes interact with calf‐thymus DNA by intercalation. The complexes, as well as [Cu2(dicl)4(H2O)2] (3), bind to albumins with relatively high binding constants. The highest cytotoxicity of the diclofenac compounds was observed after 24 h of incubation, whereas HL‐60 cells recovered after 72 h of incubation in the presence of each compound. Moreover, complex 3 was the most cytotoxic among the compounds, and complex 2 was as cytotoxic as Nadicl.
A General Method for the Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,5‐Amino Alcohols
Authors: Guignard Guillaume , Llor Núria , Urbina Aina , Bosch Joan , Amat Mercedes
Published: December 2015

A variety of (R)‐phenylglycinol‐derived oxazolopiperidone lactams 1–14 were converted to linear‐chain enantiopure amino diols 15–26 by reduction with LiNH2BH3 in an unprecedented process involving the simultaneous reductive opening of the oxazolidine and lactam rings. Subsequent removal of the phenylethanol moiety gave enantiopure 5‐amino‐1‐pentanols bearing substituents at the 2‐, 3‐, 4‐, 2,2‐, 2,3‐ 2,4‐ and 3,4‐positions (28–36), which were isolated as their N‐Boc derivatives.
All‐Solid‐State Lithium–Sulfur Battery with High Energy and Power Densities at the Cell Level
Authors: Nagata Hiroshi , Chikusa Yasuo
Published: December 2015

The performance of an all‐solid‐state lithium–sulfur battery, comprised of a positive composite electrode with high P/S ratio (number of phosphorus atoms/number of sulfur atoms) and solid electrolyte, is investigated at 25 °C at several loading weights of the positive electrode. The activation energy is nearly independent of the loading weight of the positive composite electrode. This suggests that influence of the sulfur reactivity is significantly larger than those of the ionic and electric conductivities. This positive composite electrode provides a capacity of above 1550 mAh g−1 (sulfur) at 1.3 mA cm−2 and above 6600 W kg−1 (sulfur) at 50 % state‐of‐charge for a loading weight of 8.3 mg cm−2. Moreover, in using this positive electrode, the energy and power densities are estimated to be 520 Wh kg−1 (970 Wh L−1) and 1230 W kg−1 (2300 W L−1), respectively, at the cell level (18650). Furthermore, the cycling performance of the cell with this composite positive electrode is excellent over several hundred cycles.
Traumatically injured astrocytes release a proteomic signature modulated by STAT3‐dependent cell survival
Authors: Levine Jaclynn , Kwon Eunice , Paez Pablo , Yan Weihong , Czerwieniec Gregg , Loo Joseph A. , Sofroniew Michael V. , Wanner Ina‐Beate
Published: December 2015

Molecular markers associated with CNS injury are of diagnostic interest. Mechanical trauma generates cellular deformation associated with membrane permeability with unknown molecular consequences. We used an in vitro model of stretch‐injury and proteomic analyses to determine protein changes in murine astrocytes and their surrounding fluids. Abrupt pressure‐pulse stretching resulted in the rapid release of 59 astrocytic proteins with profiles reflecting cell injury and cell death, i.e., mechanoporation and cell lysis. This acute trauma‐release proteome was overrepresented with metabolic proteins compared with the uninjured cellular proteome, bearing relevance for post‐traumatic metabolic depression. Astrocyte‐specific deletion of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3‐CKO) resulted in reduced stretch‐injury tolerance, elevated necrosis and increased protein release. Consistent with more lysed cells, more protein complexes, nuclear and transport proteins were released from STAT3‐CKO versus nontransgenic astrocytes. STAT3‐CKO astrocytes had reduced basal expression of GFAP, lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), aldolase C (ALDOC), and astrocytic phosphoprotein 15 (PEA15), and elevated levels of tropomyosin (TPM4) and α actinin 4 (ACTN4). Stretching caused STAT3‐dependent cellular depletion of PEA15 and GFAP, and its filament disassembly in subpopulations of injured astrocytes. PEA15 and ALDOC signals were low in injured astrocytes acutely after mouse spinal cord crush injury and were robustly expressed in reactive astrocytes 1 day postinjury. In contrast, α crystallin (CRYAB) was present in acutely injured astrocytes, and absent from uninjured and reactive astrocytes, demonstrating novel marker differences among postinjury astrocytes. These findings reveal a proteomic signature of traumatically‐injured astrocytes reflecting STAT3‐dependent cellular survival with potential diagnostic value. GLIA 2016;64:668–694
CD14 is a key organizer of microglial responses to CNS infection and injury
Authors: Janova Hana , Böttcher Chotima , Holtman Inge R. , Regen Tommy , van Rossum Denise , Götz Alexander , Ernst Anne‐Sophie , Fritsche Christin , Gertig Ulla , Saiepour Nasrin , Gronke Konrad , Wrzos Claudia , Ribes Sandra , Rolfes Simone , Weinstein Jonathan , Ehrenreich Hannelore , Pukrop Tobias , Kopatz Jens , Stadelmann Christine , Salinas‐Riester Gabriela , Weber Martin S. , Prinz Marco , Brück Wolfgang , Eggen Bart J.L. , Boddeke Hendrikus W.G.M. , Priller Josef , Hanisch Uwe‐Karsten
Published: December 2015

Microglia, innate immune cells of the CNS, sense infection and damage through overlapping receptor sets. Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 4 recognizes bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and multiple injury‐associated factors. We show that its co‐receptor CD14 serves three non‐redundant functions in microglia. First, it confers an up to 100‐fold higher LPS sensitivity compared to peripheral macrophages to enable efficient proinflammatory cytokine induction. Second, CD14 prevents excessive responses to massive LPS challenges via an interferon β‐mediated feedback. Third, CD14 is mandatory for microglial reactions to tissue damage‐associated signals. In mice, these functions are essential for balanced CNS responses to bacterial infection, traumatic and ischemic injuries, since CD14 deficiency causes either hypo‐ or hyperinflammation, insufficient or exaggerated immune cell recruitment or worsened stroke outcomes. While CD14 orchestrates functions of TLR4 and related immune receptors, it is itself regulated by TLR and non‐TLR systems to thereby fine‐tune microglial damage‐sensing capacity upon infectious and non‐infectious CNS challenges. GLIA 2016;64:635–649.
Parathyroid carcinoma with contralateral subcutaneous and breast recurrences: A rare presentation
Authors: Agarwal Shipra , Kumar Tarun , Sharma Mehar C , Damle Nishikant A. , Gandhi Ajeet Kumar
Published: December 2015

Background

Parathyroid carcinoma is extremely rare. Correct preoperative and even histopathological diagnosis may be difficult owing to the deceptively bland cytoarchitectural features, especially when presenting with localized disease. Recurrence/metastases developing years later then make the malignant nature obvious.

Methods and Results

We present here an unusual case of a 32‐year‐old patient with carcinoma of the left upper parathyroid gland, initially diagnosed as parathyroid adenoma, treated with endoscopic left parathyroidectomy, and later developing subcutaneous metastatic nodules over the medial end of the right clavicle and right anterior chest wall, followed by a right breast deposit. The recurrences, especially subcutaneous ones, were probably secondary to tumor seeding along the track of insertion of the endoscope.

Conclusion

Involvement of subcutaneous tissue and the breast in parathyroid carcinoma is extremely rare. The case is being reported for its uniqueness along with a discussion of possible appropriate course of management, which may have averted the aggressive clinical course of the disease. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E115–E118, 2016