bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smart Pesticide Detection System Using IoT and ML
Authors: Dafedar Apeksha Ashok , B H Chandana , C K Kannika , N U Lavanaya , B S Mrs. Sangeetha
Published: December 2024

Initially, we insert any fruit in front of the color
sensor for scanning purposes. To measure pH, we use a pH
sensor, and to detect if the fruit generates any gas, we use
an MQ135 sensor. In the machine learning process, a
dataset is created using the Random Forest algorithm. This
dataset includes various properties and measurements such
as color (from the color sensor), temperature, humidity, and
gas emission values. These features are used to determine
whether a fruit is of good quality or not. By comparing the
current fruit's values with the pre-defined dataset, the
system evaluates its quality. If the fruit meets the best or
pre-defined criteria/ranges, the ML model detects it as
good; otherwise, a buzzer activates to indicate that the fruit
is not good.
Keywords:
LCD, Color sensor, pH sensor, Gas sensor, Buzzer.
CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON FINANCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT IN BANKS
Authors:   AIMS IBS B-SCHOOL, EK NIRMALA , Reddy Dr. Ravichandra ,   (Dean Academics of AIMS IBS B-SCHOOL)
Published: December 2024

Risk analysis identifies and evaluates potential threats to a project or Organization, assessing their likelihood and
impact . It helps in making informed decisions to mitigate or manage risks effectively.
This paper aims to explore the significant role of financial risk management within “IDFC BANK” by evaluating the
processes, strategies, and tools used to manage risks effectively. In addition, it will analyze the impact of quantitative
risk management techniques in identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks related to market volatility, credit portfolios,
and operational failures. The integration of technology in risk analysis and monitoring further enhances the bank’s
capabilities in preventing losses and ensuring sustained growth.

KEYWORDS: Financial Risk Management; Risk Strategies; Market Volatility
Study on the Roles of Supply Chain Management in Corporate Outsourcing
Authors: RG Vardhan , Gowda Ramana , Jagadish Jagadish
Published: December 2024

Abstract—Outsourcing has become a strategic tool for
corporations seeking to enhance their competitiveness and
operational efficiency. This paper investigates the pivotal roles
that supply chain management (SCM) plays in corporate
outsourcing. By examining the integration of SCM principles
with outsourcing strategies, the study aims to highlight how
effective supply chain coordination can drive value creation,
reduce costs, and enhance overall organizational performance.
Key areas of focus include the management of supplier
relationships, risk mitigation, and the optimization of logistics

and inventory management. The research employs a mixed-
method approach, combining quantitative data analysis with

qualitative insights from industry case studies. Findings suggest
that a robust SCM framework is essential for maximizing the
benefits of outsourcing, providing a comprehensive blueprint
for companies to streamline operations and achieve sustainable
growth. This study contributes to the field by offering a nuanced
understanding of the interplay between SCM and outsourcing,
and proposes best practices for practitioners aiming to leverage
SCM for strategic advantage in outsourcing endeavors.
Keywords: Supply Chain Management, Corporate
Outsourcing, Supplier Relationships, Risk Mitigation, Logistics
Optimization, Operational Efficiency.
Review on: Groundnut and its Production Status in Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sujatha Dr.P , Subanki Dr.M.C , Sharukh ,Mr.S. Mohammed , Kirthiga Ms.T.S. Mohana , Mathumitha Ms.P , Nilofer Ms.A.Maria
Published: December 2024

We studied various research articles related to trend analysis area, production and productivity in relation to climate
change of Groundnut in Tamil Nadu. These articles explained about the importance of groundnut and its cultivation
over a period of time. It is the third-largest oilseed crop in the world. India ranks second in terms of output and first
in terms of crop area in the world. The major groundnut growing districts in Tamil Nadu are North Arcot, South
Arcot, Salem, and Coimbatore. Drawing statistical data on production of groundnut during the year 2018-2019, it
states that the area and production in Tamil Nadu is decreasing. Research articles were mostly based on the
statistical data collected from various primary and secondary sources. These data were helpful to predict the future
trend in area, production and productivity of groundnut in relation to climate change over Tamil Nadu.
Key Words: Groundnut, DSSAT(Decision Support System for Agrotechnolgy Transfer), Production, ARIMA.
Gesture Recognition for Interactive Presentation Control: A Deep Learning and Edge Computing Approach on Raspberry Pi
Authors: N Prashanth , Poovanna K T Anchan , Raj Gaurav , S Preetham , Ayen Qurrath Ul
Published: December 2024

Gesture recognition is one of the important tech-
nologies for intuitive HCI applications, for ex-
ample, in interactive presentations. This re- view

focuses on recent work on gesture recog- nition
systems, deep learning-based methods for
presentation control by hand gestures, on edge

devices like the Raspberry Pi. This work de-
scribes both static and dynamic frameworks for

gesture recognition and human-machine interac-
tion techniques based on deep learning.Recent

studies show the usability of real-time hand
gesture recognition using Python-based systems via

Raspberry Pi, stressing portability and ef-
ficiency in solutions. The review discusses var-
ious deep learning frameworks such as Tensor-
Flow, which can be used in image preprocess-
ing and model training to enhance the accuracy of

gesture detection. Techniques cover wear- able
devices to computer vision and demon- strate the
flexibility of gesture recognition in a variety of
hardware platforms. Advances in edge computing

enable complex gesture recog- nition on low-
power devices, with reduced la- tency, and

enables improved accessibility.The re- view
addresses challenges such as gesture type
distinction, responsiveness, and environmental
variability in developing reliable gesture-based

systems. In this regard, it emphasizes the Rasp-
berry Pi as an edge computing solution for in-
teractive presentation control in HCI.

Keywords

Gesture Recognition Human-Computer Inter-
action (HCI) Edge Computing Deep Learning

Real-Time Gesture Detection
Design and Implementation of a Smart Mobile Storage Solution Using RFID Technology
Authors: V Nithya , M Yogesh , A Gokul Anand , PS Nikhil , S Sujeeth Kumar , JJ Jai Vishal
Published: December 2024

This system automates phone deposit and
retrieval with data logging, ensuring security in
environments like religious sites, tourist attractions, and
workplaces. By leveraging RFID technology and
databases, it provides a secure and efficient solution for
mobile phone storage.

Key Words: Automated Systems; Databases; RFID;
Security; Smartphones.
Audio File to Text Generator Using Machine Learning
Authors: Harshitha Mrs , M P Deepak , A N Amith Murthy , Ankitha Ankitha
Published: December 2024

Abstract -This project aims to develop a robust and accurate
audio-to-text conversion system using advanced machine
learning techniques. The system will leverage state-of-the-art
speech recognition models to transcribe spoken language into
written text. By utilizing deep learning architectures such as
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) and Convolutional Neural
Networks (CNNs), the model will be capable of handling
diverse acoustic environments and speaker variations. The
system will be trained on a large and diverse dataset of audio
recordings, enabling it to achieve high levels of accuracy and
efficiency. Potential applications of this technology include
transcription services, automatic subtitling, voice-controlled
devices, and accessibility tools for individuals with hearing
impairments.
Key Words: whisper,torch,transcribe, templates, journals
Geospatial Modelling Approach for Inter-Linking Canal Alignment from Jayakwadi Dam to Dudhana Dam Reservoir, using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Dhatunde Mukesh , Tikke Baburao , Chavan Aradhana , Chougale Mukund , Bagdiya Neha , Shelar Sukhada , Shewale Mrunalini
Published: December 2024

The main cause of the protracted
droughts and floods that occur in different regions of the
country is poor water resource management, which also
impedes national development. The only solution is to build a

canal from the neighboring dam or rivers to the drought-
affected communities. GIS and remote sensing can be used to

conduct multidisciplinary research on agricultural and
horological elements, which is necessary for the enormous task
of building canals. With consideration for geomorphology,
soil, land use and land cover, slope, and DEM (digital
elevation model), this project outlines the design of an
appropriate canal building route from Jayakwadi Dam to
Dudana Dam. Rivers can also be connected by canals. The SOI
data provides digital topography and drainage pattern
information, whereas the LISS III picture provides land
use/cover pattern information. Using the ASTER DEM picture,
1 meter contours were created. The canal was aligned
horizontally and vertically using the Digital Elevation Model
(DEM), which was obtained by interpolating contour lines. A
number of possible options have been considered based on the
GIS analysis. When determining the canal alignment, the study
considered a number of elements, including slope, drainage,
ground contours, and DEM. First, a proposed 84-kilometer
canal between the Dudana and Jayakwadi dams has been put
forth. The interlinking canal would be around 102 km long up
to the Dudana Dam. Gravity is this canal's main purpose.
In the current study cutting and filling reach zones have also
been identified.
Key Words: Canal system, Remote Sensing, GIS, DEM
Exploring the Applications and Challenges of Cloud Computing: A Study at Clevator Infotech Pvt. Ltd..
Authors: THORAT RAJAN AJABRAO , Waghole Mr. S.B
Published: December 2024

This study explores the functions, services, and strategies of Clevator Infotech Pvt. Ltd., a leader in cloud
computing solutions. The research focuses on the company's efforts to provide innovative technology solutions,
addressing both the applications and challenges of cloud computing. Key areas include cloud migration, security
concerns, hybrid cloud solutions, and cost management. The findings highlight the benefits of scalability,
accessibility, and flexibility, while addressing challenges like vendor lock-in, limited control, and data security.

Keywords:
Cloud Computing, Cloud Migration, SaaS, Cloud Infrastructure, Cost Efficiency, Security Challenges, Hybrid
Cloud, Cloud Collaboration
Survey Paper on Ensuring Inclusive Data Driven Hiring Practices Across All Jobs
Authors: Kashyap Mr.Harshith , Guttedar Hariprasad , H M Shashank , Rugved N C , Datta S N Vibudha
Published: December 2024

The need for inclusive hiring across sectors has increased with the rapidly increasing numbers of diverse
and rapidly evolving process markets. The current paper considers data-driven methods toward fair and unbiased
recruitment. In fact, the goal of ensuring a level playing field among all applicants, regardless of gender, ethnicity, or
background, drives this research. We examine ways to include complex algorithms to reduce unconscious biases.
Bias, systems designed to anonymize applicant information, and instruments for developing inclusive job
descriptions. We also evaluate data-driven tracking systems monitoring diversity metrics and areas for continuous
improvement and innovative methodologies for the unbiased evaluation of governmental examination results. This
paper synthesizes recent research and emerging solutions to focus attention on the importance of transparency,
accountability, and inclusion in the hiring process.
Practices across public and personal sectors. in the long run, this look at seeks to encourage groups to enforce
actionable techniques that mirror and assist the range of the groups they serve
HUMAN LIFE DETECTION DURING FIRE (YOLOV8 and V9)
Authors: GUPTA Ms. MONISHA , YASWANTH SUNKU SAI , AKHILA GAJJALA , KUMAR K PAVAN
Published: December 2024

Abstract -This project focuses on designing and evaluating
an advanced detection system capable of identifying humans,
fire, and smoke in real-time. Using cutting-edge deep learning
algorithms such as YOLOv8 and YOLOv9, the system will
analyse and classify these elements accurately in both uploaded
images and live camera feeds. The project leverages a diverse
dataset from Roboflow, featuring images of humans, fire, and
smoke, to train and validate the models.
Development will take place in Python, utilizing Google Colab
as the primary development environment. The system will be
designed to work with images captured from a laptop camera,
though potential challenges related to resolution and image
clarity may impact detection performance. A key part of this
study will involve comparing YOLOv8 and YOLOv9 to assess
their effectiveness in terms of accuracy, processing speed, and
reliability across different scenarios.
The ultimate goal is to create a real-time application that
provides alerts and visual feedback when detecting fire, smoke,
or human presence. This capability has the potential to
significantly improve safety and response measures in critical
situations. Through this project, we aim to make a meaningful
contribution to the field of computer vision, particularly in the
development of systems for safety and security.
Key Words: Real-time detection system, humans, fire, smoke,
YOLOv8, YOLOv9, deep learning, Roboflow dataset, image
classification, live camera feeds, Python, Google Colab,
accuracy, speed, safety, security, computer vision.
Overview of Acne, their Biochemical Relevance and Roles in Skin Health
Authors: Sahu Radhika , Sahu Kunal , Sahu Yogita , Patel Kiran , Sahu Anjali , Sahu Gyanesh Kumar , Sharma Harish
Published: December 2024

Acne is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that impacts both physical appearance and mental health in people of
all ages. Niacinamide, or vitamin B3, has drawn interest recently as a potential supplementary or alternative
treatment for acne because of its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and sebum-regulating qualities. This review's
objective is to assess niacinamide's efficacy in treating acne by examining clinical research, its mode of action, and
its safety profile. Several studies have shown that topical niacinamide can enhance skin barrier function, lessen
inflammation, and lessen the severity of acne lesions without causing the irritation that more severe therapies do.
Niacinamide is also a possible treatment for post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation because it has been
demonstrated to improve skin repair. The data currently in favor of using niacinamide to treat acne is summarized
in this review.
Keywords: Acne vulgaris, Niacinamide, Nicotinamide, inflammation, treatment, acne lesions, hyperpigmentation.
Toxic Comment Classification
Authors: Vikas G , Vardhan G Ravi , Somesh G , Banothu Mr. Lalu
Published: December 2024

Online abuse and harassment are escalating challenges
in the cyber community, requiring robust and efficient
content moderation strategies. This study investigates
two approaches for identifying toxic comments:
training individual classifiers for each facet of toxicity
and treating the task as a multi-label classification
problem. The facets of toxicity include behaviors like
threats, insults, and hate speech, often exhibited
simultaneously in a single comment. Using a Kaggle
dataset and 10-fold cross-validation, machine learning
models such as logistic regression, Naive Bayes, and
decision trees are evaluated for performance. A novel
preprocessing technique is proposed, transforming
multi-label into multi-class classification, which
significantly enhances model accuracy. Logistic
regression emerges as the most effective model,
outperforming others in both binary and multi-class
classification tasks. These findings suggest the
potential of this preprocessing strategy to boost the

performance of more sophisticated neural network-
based models, offering a scalable solution for real-
world toxic content moderation systems.
Distributed Denial of Services: Detection and Prevention
Authors: M V Dr. Prashanth , M N Chethan , Chinthan M , R K Anushri , M Lasya
Published: December 2024

Distributed Denial of Service is one of the most

prominent and dangerous types of attacks dis-
rupting critical online services, suffering finan- cial

losses, and affecting organizational oper- ations.
The exploitation of vulnerabilities is enough to
overwhelm the targeted websites with malicious
traffic, making them inaccessible to legitimate
users. Such sophistication in attack patterns
coupled with explosive growth in con- nected
devices has challenged the traditional approaches of
detection, being bare minimum signature-based or
basic anomaly detection and likely to pose difficulties
in coping with emerging threats, thus prone to high
false positives.
This paper presents a systematic review of ten
works from very recent literature on ML and DL
applications in DDoS detection and mit- igation.
The techniques thus are supervised, unsupervised,
and hybrids applied to datasets such as NSL-KDD,
CICIDS2017. ML and DL
techniques do appear promising for increas- ing
accuracy in detection and adaptability, but then
challenges persist-in scalability, efficiency or speed of
computation, and quality of datasets. It would

challenge the future of research: more light on real-
time models, more diversified and all-inclusive

datasets, and edge and federated computing towards
better accelerated detection. These would
significantly contribute to the ad- vancement of
scalable effective solutions that counter complex
DDoS threats in today’s net- work environments.

Keywords
Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks,

Cybersecurity, Network Traffic Anomaly De-
tection, Real-Time Threat Detection, Machine

Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL), Hy- brid

Detection Models, Anomaly Detection, Signature-
Based Detection, Adaptive Security Models.
Blended Learning Models: Combining Online and Offline Education for Optimal Outcomes
Authors: Siddiqui Ruhina , Sonawane Ashwini , Shinde Sayali
Published: December 2024

Blended learning is an educational approach that
integrates traditional face-to-face learning with online
instruction, aiming to provide a comprehensive and flexible
learning experience for students. The rapid expansion of
digital technology and the need for adaptable educational
methods have accelerated the adoption of blended learning
models across various educational settings. This paper
explores the effectiveness of blended learning models in
promoting optimal learning outcomes, comparing different
approaches and discussing the factors that contribute to their
success. It further examines the advantages and challenges of
implementing blended learning, with an emphasis on how this
model can address the diverse needs of learners in the 21st
century.
Key Words: Blended Learning, Educational Technology,
Flexible Learning, pedagogical implications, flipped
classroom, Digital Learning
Metabolite Profiling and Morphological Screening of C. militaris Fruiting Bodies Extracts using UHPLC-QTOF-IMS and GC-MS Analysis
Authors: Thakur Shivani , Piplani Mona , Goyal Pradeep , Bhateja Pankaj
Published: December 2024

The medicinal mushroom C. militaris has several health advantages and has been utilized for many years throughout Asia as a component of traditional medicine systems. It can be used as a functional food and in nutraceutical products. This study investigated the morphological characteristics of C. militaris during the large-scale cultivation and metabolic profiling of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of their fruiting bodies.  The cultural and morphological characteristics of C. militaris were studied during the growth of this mushroom in terms of production of mycelial growth and fruiting bodies by conventional microbiological techniques. Cordycepin content in the aqueous and ethanol extracts of fruiting bodies was evaluated using UHPLC-QTOF-IMS analysis. The detection of metabolites in the ethanol extract was done by GC-MS analysis. The cordycepin content in the ethanol and aqueous extracts of the fruiting bodies was found to be 16.92 mg/g and 10.88 mg/g, respectively. GC-MS spectra analysis of the C. militaris fruiting bodies ethanolic extracts indicated the existence of eighteen metabolites such as 3,4-Dihydroxymandelic acid-terms, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Ethyl pentadecanoate, 1, E-11, Z-13-Octadecatriene, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, I-9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z)-, Trimethyls, 9(11)-Dehydroergosterol tosylate, Ergosterol, Silane, (phenyloxiranylidene) bis[trimethy, Neophytadiene, 1-Octadecyne, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Ethyl 9-hexadecenoate, 2,5-Diiodo-9-oxabicyclo [4.2.1] nonane, i-Propyl 9,12,15-octadecatrienoate, Ergosta-4,7,22-trien-3.beta.-ol, and TMS Palmitic acid. Evaluating cordycepin content and other bio components of C. militaris will help exploit this mushroom for potential medicinal benefits and develop reasonable quality pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and functional food products.
Isolation and Selection of Probiotic Bacteria from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) as Probiotics for Promoting Fish Growth
Authors: Thepnarong Kantakan , Jitpakdee Jirayu , Chiayvareesajja Sommai , Kantachote Duangporn , Sangnoi Yutthapong
Published: December 2024

Bacillus spp. and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from samples of Nile tilapia body (gastrointestinal tract, mucus, and fish scales) and fishpond water in Songkhla province, Thailand. Fifty-one bacterial isolates were obtained, and only  44 Gram-positive isolates were tested for their probiotic properties. These isolates were selected based on the ability to inhibit serious pathogens in tilapia, namely Streptococcus agalactiae and Aeromonas hydrophila; only isolated bacteria that can inhibit both fish pathogens were selected. Hence, 6 selected bacteria were further tested for their nutrient digestion, adhesion, and tolerance to acids and bile salts. It was found that only5  isolates passed those tests. There were three isolates of bacilli and two isolates of LAB. The five isolates were identified using the 16s rRNA gene method and API test kits, and only two isolates (Bacillus subtilis HW3B and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum DW5L) that could be safe for fish and humans were selected for further studies as probiotics for fish cultivation.
Technology Transfer Needs Assessment for Turmeric Farmers in Paphayom District, Phatthalung Province
Authors: Lekbangpong Saowanee , Ratanachai Apinya
Published: December 2024

These research findings indicated that most farmers in the study were female, with an average age of 55.88 years and an average of 10.80 years of experience in cultivating turmeric. Often, turmeric is grown in conjunction with rubber cultivation. Farmers typically cultivated turmeric on 1.38 rai, preferring sandy loam soil conditions. Their preferred turmeric variety was Trang 84-2. The planting method involves digging holes 10 centimeters deep, with a spacing of 25 cm x 25 cm. Turmeric cultivation usually commences in June and concludes with its harvest in April. During planting, farmers apply a combination of chemical and biological fertilizers, along with organic manures. Weed control is primarily achieved by manual removal, while chemical treatments are employed to manage diseases and insect pests. During the 2021/2022 production season, farmers achieved an average turmeric yield of 1,675.81 kg. Farmers encounter various problems in turmeric production, particularly in maintenance, disease, and insect management. These issues adversely affect the planting area, often reducing production yields. The most pressing need for farmers is to acquire turmeric production technology, particularly in pest mitigation and elimination. Farmers want to receive knowledge transfer, such as with individualized guidance through farm visits. The media that farmers require include brochures and the assistance of extension officers. Additionally, the level of experience in turmeric production significantly influenced the farmers' technology transfer needs at a 0.01 significance level.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Durio zibethinus Murr. cv. Monthong Rind on the Hematology and Innate Immune Response Against Aeromonas hydrophila in Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis mossambicus)
Authors: Pisuttharachai Duangjai , Sangkhonkhet Nataporn , Nalinanon Warrapong , Lerdsuwan Saichon
Published: December 2024

In vivo activity study of durian rind (Durio zibethinus Murr. cv. Monthong) as a supplement in the tilapia diet was performed to evaluate its effect on the hematology and innate immune response against Aeromonas hydrophila. Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis mossambicus), with an initial average weight range of 40-45 g, were fed diets supplemented with durian rind at 0, 10, 15, and 20% for 140 days and were injected intraperitoneally with A. hydrophila. Blood was collected at 1 and 3 hours post-injection to determine the phagocytic activity and the durian rind efficiency in protecting fish red blood cells from hemolysin produced by A. hydrophila. Ensuing results showed that red blood cell counts in fish-fed durian rind supplemented diets, regardless of inclusion levels, did not decrease at 3 hours post bacterial infection and were significantly higher than control (P<0.05). Furthermore, we observed that the total white blood cells and phagocytic activity of all fish fed with diets supplemented with durian rind increased from 1-hour post-infection, indicating a heightened innate immune response. Taken together, durian rind supplementation of at least 10% in the tilapia diet can act as an immunostimulant and improve innate immune response and anti-hemolytic activity against A. hydrophila infection.
Preparation and Characterization of Sulfonated CaO Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil
Authors: Dulymahakamtorn Chatchawin , Jariyaboon Rattana , Kongjan Prawit , Chantasuban Tanakorn , Chotisuwan Saowapa
Published: December 2024

Biodiesel production depends on raw materials. Low-quality oils, such as cooking oil, crude palm oil, and sludge oil, are used to reduce costs, and they contain free fatty acids (FFA) and water. Soap can be produced when using the alkaline catalyst during transesterification. In this work, the sulfonation method prepared the esterification of waste cooking oil by sulfonated CaO as a bifunctional catalyst. The sulfonated CaO catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), temperature-programmed desorption of carbon dioxide and ammonia (TPD), BET surface area, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was observed that the specific surface area, pore volume, and pore diameter of the CaO increased after being sulfonated with a 2 M sulfuric acid solution. It showed a high total surface acidity and basicity, 7.22 and 3.86 mmol/g, respectively. The optimal FFA conversion (84.94 %) from the waste cooking oil was acquired at a reaction temperature of 65 ˚C, a 9:1 MeOH: Oil molar ratio, and 5 wt% catalyst loading for a 3 h reaction time. The 2 M sulfonated CaO catalyst can be reused twice with a high FFA conversion without further treatment under optimized reaction conditions. The 2 M sulfonated CaO catalyst has potential treatment for biodiesel production from high-FFA oils due to its lower production cost and high catalytic activity.
Effects of Different Manures on the Growth Performance of Pechay (Brassica rapa L.) Under Visayas State University Condition
Authors: Ibañez Roger Y. , Balansag Goram C. , Puod Nova Grace D.
Published: December 2024

The sudden rise in the demand for food in global markets has led farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural practices to reduce the negative impacts of synthetic fertilizers on soil, water, and ecosystems. This study assessed the effectiveness of vermicast, cattle manure, and goat manure and their combinations on the growth performance, nutrient content, and heavy metal accumulation in peachy. The study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and three replicates each and collected the data on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, chlorophyll content, root biomass, and fresh and dry weight. Proximate tissue analysis was done to determine the NPK content and accumulated heavy metals. Data were analyzed using ANOVA in CRD, and a post-hoc analysis using Tukey’s HSD test was conducted after significance was found. The results indicated significant differences (P<0.05) in several growth parameters like plant height with cattle manure, number of leaves with vermicast, leaf area with vermicast, and chlorophyll content with mixed manures. Significant differences (P<0.05) were also found in fresh weight with vermicast and root biomass with mixed manures. These treatments improved soil nutrient profiles post-harvest, although there were reductions in available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The findings highlight the potential of organic fertilizers to enhance pechay growth performance, supporting sustainable agricultural practices that align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Further research on organic fertilizer applications and their long-term effects on soil health and crop nutrition is recommended.
Methane Oxidation Rates and Efficiencies Across Four Distinct Soil Environments: Implications for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation
Authors: Leamdum Chonticha , Phruksaphithak Nantharat , Chanthong Sukonlarat , Niyasom Chaisit
Published: December 2024

Methane oxidation by soil microorganisms is crucial in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. This study investigated methane oxidation potential across four distinct soil environments through standardized laboratory enrichment cultures. Soil samples were collected from landfill-cover soils, rice fields, cattle farms, and pond sediments, with environmental parameters monitored to understand their influence on oxidation rates and efficiencies. Using gas chromatography analysis, we quantified methane oxidation under controlled conditions. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in oxidation rates across soil types. Landfill cover soils exhibited the highest oxidation rate of 0.39 μmol-CH₄/g-soil dry weight/h and efficiency of 66.5 %. Pond sediments, cattle farm soils, and rice field soils followed with rates of 0.29, 0.28, and 0.27 μmol-CH₄/g-soil dry weight/h, respectively. Oxidation efficiencies for these environments ranged from 46.1% to 48.4%. pH and organic matter content showed strong positive correlations with oxidation rates across all soil types, while environmental moisture content effects varied. The superior performance of landfill soils was attributed to optimal environmental conditions and stable substrate availability. This analysis revealed significant potential for enhancing oxidation efficiencies: landfill soils from 66.5% to 75-85%, rice fields from 46.1% to 60-70%, cattle farms from 47.0% to 55-65%, and pond sediments from 48.4% to 60-75%. Implementing optimized management strategies could reduce methane emissions by 70-90% in landfills, 30-50% in agricultural systems, and 40-60% in aquatic environments compared to current practices. This study highlights the substantial potential for enhancing biological methane oxidation across diverse ecosystems and emphasizes the need for targeted management approaches to optimize methane mitigation strategies.
Biological Oxidation of Dissolved Methane in Palm Oil Mill Biogas Effluents Using an Anoxic Methane-Oxidizing Consortium
Authors: Leamdum Chonticha , Niyasom Chaisit , Chanthong Sukonlarat , Phruksaphithak Nantharat
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the potential of anoxic methane-oxidizing consortia for mitigating dissolved methane in palm oil mill biogas effluents. Microbial consortia from five soil sources were evaluated under various conditions. The cattle farm effluent-derived consortium demonstrated the highest methane reduction efficiency of 76.89% after a 3-week incubation period, with a methane consumption rate of 49.37 mg-CH₄/m²/d. The landfill soil consortium showed the second-highest performance with a 75.48% reduction efficiency under shaking conditions. Environmental factors significantly influenced methane oxidation performance. Optimal conditions were identified as 35°C, pH 7.0, 0.5 mg/L dissolved oxygen, 55 mg/L nitrate concentration, and 5 g/L NaCl. Plastic media enhanced methane reduction efficiency for most microbial sources, particularly for the cattle farm effluent consortium (67.07% efficiency). Characterization of the palm oil mill biogas effluent revealed a COD of 13.15 g/L, BOD of 7.11 g/L, and total Kjeldahl nitrogen of 0.73 g/L. Carbon mass balance analysis confirmed biological methane oxidation, with 45% converted to CO₂, 38% incorporated into biomass, and 12% as dissolved organic carbon. The developed system can potentially mitigate up to 23,067 t CO₂e/year for an average palm oil mill, with associated cost savings of approximately 115,335 USD/year through carbon credits, assuming a credit value of 5 USD/t CO₂e. These findings demonstrate the potential of anoxic methane-oxidizing consortia for greenhouse gas mitigation in the palm oil industry. The study provides insights into optimal conditions and microbial sources for efficient methane oxidation, paving the way for developing effective biological treatment systems for palm oil mill effluents.
In the origin of language: From the need for food to the need for tolerance
Authors: Abdeddayem SELLAMI , Alsaied Mohamad Abdullah
Published: December 2024

This research studies the relationship between humans and food and the development of language in a social context dating back to the beginnings of human history. The discovery of food represented the first moments that pushed humans to communicate with others, which in turn contributed to the emergence of language as a means of exchanging material and moral resources. Human language originated from the need to share food, accompanied by the development of communication from gestures to organized speech. Additionally, the research addresses the concept of generosity and solidarity in the context of food, noting that modern culture has affected these values. The research acknowledges that sharing food was a fundamental step towards building a human society based on cooperation and recognition of others' rights.
Constitutional Guarantees for Terminating an Employment Contract for Economic and Technical Reasons in Jordanian Legislation
Authors: Al-Zubi Jehan Khalid
Published: December 2024

The Jordanian Constitution guarantees the right to work for all Jordanian citizens in Articles 6 and 23. It grants them many rights derived from this right within the provisions of the labour law. The research aims to investigate the constitutionality of Articles 6 and 23 of the Jordanian Constitution. The descriptive analytical approach aims to describe and analyze the constitutional and legal texts related to the termination of employment contracts in Jordan, while also analyzing the data gathered from interviews. The comparative approach identified the strengths and weaknesses of Jordanian legislation by comparing it with legislation from other countries. Using a case study approach, the researchers analyzed specific issues related to the termination of employment contracts in Jordan for economic and technical reasons. The text of Article 31/d of the Labor Law is contrary to all constitutional principles that guarantee fair trial guarantees. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the constitutional guarantees in Jordanian labour law and offer a roadmap for potential reforms to strengthen these protections.
Perbandingan Hasil Gambaran Os Processus Coracoid yang Optimal Pada Proyeksi AP Axial dengan Arah Sinar 200, 300, 400 Cranially
Authors: Fikri Aulia Rahman  , Cicillia Artitin
Published: December 2024

Background: One part of the scapula that is usually done separately is the coracoid process. The
coracoid process will look better with AP positioning of the scapula with the hand abducted and the
cranial beam direction can show the coracoid process well. The angle used is between 15 to 45 degrees
with the direction of the cephalad beam. This photoshoot is usually done in cases of trauma. To obtain
accurate information in establishing a diagnosis, the researcher decided to conduct a study on the
comparison of radiographic results to obtain the optimal coracoid process with 200 , 300 , and 400 cranial
AP projections.
Methods: This type of quantitative research with an experimental study was carried out at the Radiology
Installation of Siti Rahmah Hospital, Padang in June 2022 using a sample of 3 patients, then read out
by 3 respondents and the data processing was calculated usingweight means score method examination
method using SPSS with Anova test.
Result: from the results obtained the average value of Os. coracoid process with AP Axial projection of
200 cranally is 1.55 next to Os. coracoid process with AP Axial 300 cranial projection the average value
obtained was 1.66 and at Os. coracoid process with AP Axial 400 cranial projection the average value
obtained was 1.74. Then from these three data, a significant value was obtained from SPSS calculations,
namely 0.734 (> 0.05).
Conclusions: The results of the study, namely the average results AP axial projection 200 cranially
1.55. The average AP projection axial 300 cranially is 1.66. The average result of the 400 cranially axial
AP projection is 1.74. So the angle needed to produce an optimal picture of the coracoid process on the
examination of the scapula is to use the AP Axial 400 Cranially projection because it is able to display
the coracoid process Os more clearly.
Prevention of Venous Congestion in Superficial Temporal Artery Pedicled Scalp Flaps Using Deep Temporal Fascia
Authors: Turan Aydin
Published: December 2024

Background: Venous congestion is an important complication in superficial temporal artery pedicled scalp flaps. In this study, we added deep temporal fascia, including the middle temporal vein, to the flap pedicle to prevent venous congestion in these flaps. Methods: A horn-shaped superficial temporal artery pedicled scalp flap was used to repair scalp and facial defects in 16 patients with a mean age of 52 years. The flaps were raised together with the superficial and deep temporal fascia at the base of the pedicle. The flap sizes ranged from 9 × 4 cm to 23 × 7 cm, and the mean follow-up period was seven months. Results: Venous congestion did not develop in any of the flaps. Abnormal hair distribution developed in three patients and hematoma in one patient. In all of the patients, the donor site was closed primarily and there was no flap loss. Conclusions: In scalp flaps with a superficial temporal artery pedicle, venous congestion can be prevented, and elevated more safely by adding a deep temporal fascia to the flap pedicle.
A Multiplex PCR Assay for Identification of Major Mastitis Causing Pathogens in Buffalo’s Raw Milk and Evaluation of Their Sensitivity
Authors: Safdar Muhammad , Junejo Yasmeen , Ozaslan Mehmet
Published: December 2024

Mastitis is a prevalent issue in dairy herds, particularly among buffaloes, leading to significant economic losses. This study developed a sensitive, specific, and cost-effective multiplex PCR assay for the identification of major pathogens responsible for mastitis in raw buffalo milk. A total of 200 milk samples were collected from various areas of District Multan and tested for the presence of pathogens. Additionally, the antibiotic susceptibility of drug-resistant bacteria was evaluated. The multiplex PCR assay demonstrated 100% specificity and high sensitivity (0.01ng/ul detection limit), identifying multiple pathogens simultaneously.
Epidemiological, Clinical and Therapeutic Profile of Rectal Adenocarcinomas Treated in the Radiotherapy Department of EHSO Emir Abdelkader
Authors: Afaf Bouhadiba
Published: December 2024

Rectal cancer is classified among the most common cancers in the world, the second most common digestive cancer in Algeria; however its incidence in our country remains lower than that of western countries. The interest of this article is the retrospective analysis of the epidemiological, clinical and therapeutic aspects of malignant tumors of the rectum managed in the department of the EHS oncology Emir Abdelkader in Oran, Algeria. Concomitant preoperative radio chemotherapy is the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal adenocarcinomas; however it can be carried out postoperatively if the initial stage of the disease is underestimated. We conducted a retrospective epidemiological, clinical, anatomopathological, therapeutic and prognosis study at the radiotherapy department of the EHS oncology Emir Abdelkader in Oran over a period of 6 years from January 2017 to December 2019 involving 70 patients taken in charge during this period. This hypo fractionated irradiation regimen at a dose of 39 Gray could be a therapeutic alternative in the preoperative situation for locally advanced rectal tumors with promising results in terms of effectiveness and an acceptable toxicity profile.
Longitudinal Fracture Analysis with Taking into Account the Elongation Speed of Inhomogeneous Rod Subjected to Centric Tension
Authors: RIZOV Victor
Published: December 2024

The present theoretical study deals with longitudinal fracture of a structural component representing inhomogeneous rod that is loaded in centric tension at its lower end. The upper end of the rod is clamped. The rod is continuously inhomogeneous in radial direction. Besides, the rod exhibits non-linear elastic mechanical behaviour. The parameters involved in the non-linear constitutive law used when analyzing the longitudinal fracture behaviour are smooth functions of the running radius of the rod cross-section. The basic aim of the paper is to analyze the longitudinal fracture with taking into account the influence of the rod elongation speed. The case when the elongation varies with time at a constant speed is treated in detail. The necessary equations for deriving the parameters of the stressed and strained state of the rod are formulated. The problem for determination of strain energy release rate (SEER) for the longitudinal crack in the rod is solved with considering the effect of the elongation speed.
Synthesis and Evaluation of an Innovative Biochar Nanocomposite Adsorbent Derived from Cycas Revoluta Seeds, with Potential Applications in the Removal of Cationic Dyes
Authors: GEZGINCI Elif , PEHLIVAN Erol
Published: December 2024

In this study, novel and functional adsorbents were synthesized by using Cycas revoluta seed (CS) biomass. The biomass was subjected to a slow pyrolysis process at a final temperature of 500°C with a heating rate of 10°C/min to synthesize Cycas revoluta seed biochar (CSB). After the thermochemical conversion of biomass into biochar, the nanocomposite structure (ZrO2NP@CSB) was synthesized by adding 5% zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles into biochar to increase the adsorption capacity. The synthesized adsorbents (CS, CSB, and ZrO2NP@CSB) were characterized by XRD, FTIR, SEM, and EDX. The adsorption efficiency of these three adsorbents was investigated to remove Malachite Green (MG) and Methylene Blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. According to the results obtained from the adsorption experiments of the nanocomposite structure, solution pH had a significant effect on the process and the highest adsorption efficiencies were achieved at pH 9. The optimum adsorbent dose was 0.5 g/L. The process reached an equilibrium after 45 minutes and 90 minutes for MG and MB, respectively. The relevant data were in good agreement with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorbent capacities were 129.87 and 117.93 mg/g for MG and MB, respectively. The adsorption mechanism follows a monolayer Langmuir isotherm model. Experiments were carried out at different temperatures (25, 35, 45°C) to determine the effect of temperature on adsorption, and dye removal efficiency slightly increased with temperature. When repeated batch adsorption experiments were compared for raw biomass, biochar, and biochar nanocomposite adsorbents, it was observed that the raw adsorbent had a lower adsorption capacity than the biochar adsorbent. It was found that the biochar nanocomposite had the highest adsorption capacity among these three adsorbents. The findings suggest that ZrO2NP@CSB composite is a promising, cost-effective, and functional material for water treatment and can be employed as an alternative adsorbent for removing dyes.
Shear Force in RC Internal Beam-Column Connections for a Beam Loaded With a Transverse Force Occupying Different Possible Positions
Authors: DOICHEVA Albena
Published: December 2024

Frame structures are vulnerable to seismic impacts. The frame joint is the element that is often responsible for compromising frame structures. In recent years, shear force in the beam-column connection has been pointed out as the main culprit for damage in the nodes, and from there to the entire structure. The complex nature of the stressed and strained state of the joint is due to the poor knowledge of the forces passing in the beam-beam or column-column direction. For their more accurate determination, one departs from the standard acceptance of the static scheme of the axis line of the structural elements and works with their actual dimensions. With a skillful selection of the support devices, a mathematical model of the beam is created, allowing the determination of the forces that arise along its height and that enter the joint. The magnitudes of the support reactions of the beam are applicable both to operation in the elastic stage and to the plasticization of the beam and the occurrence of a crack between the beam and the column on the face of the column. In the present work, a cantilever beam loaded with a transverse force, occupying different possible positions on the beam, is considered. The expressions for the support reactions are derived. The unfavorable position of the loading force, which results in the greatest shear force, was investigated. A comparison is made of the corresponding shear force in the beam-to-column connection, with that recommended in the literature. The results demonstrate differences of up to 18.20%. The main parameters of the cantilever beam that were monitored are crosssectional shape, modulus of elasticity of concrete and position of the loading force.
The Study of the Molecular Diffusion in Gases and Liquids
Authors: KHARLAMOV Georgii V.
Published: December 2024

The molecular dynamics calculations of the velocity autocorrelation functions and the diffusion coefficients for argon and krypton atoms in argon have been carried out. The data of the molecular dynamics simulations are analyzed to understand the change of the diffusion mechanism with transition from dense gas to liquid. In dense gases, the diffusion mechanism is the same as in rarefied gases, and the temperature dependences of the diffusion coefficient are alike. A new diffusion mechanism appears in liquids. This diffusion mechanism isn’t connected with the jumping motion of the molecules. Probably, it is connected with the motion of the molecules group surrounding a molecule. Then the velocity of the molecule is relaxed with the decreasing of the average velocity of the molecules group. Various structures of the systems within the vapor – liquid phase transition region have been found and investigated. A comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data on diffusion in gaseous and liquid argon yields good agreement.