bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of 2 Fixed Doses of Ibalizumab Plus Optimized Background Regimen in Treatment-Experienced HIV-Positive Individuals
Authors: DeJesus Edwin , Towner William J. , Gathe Joseph C , Cash R. Brandon , Anstett Kaitlin
Published: September 2024

Background:

Sustained viral suppression in patients with multidrug-resistant (MDR) HIV infection remains difficult; accordingly, agents targeting different steps in the HIV life cycle are needed. Ibalizumab, a humanized immunoglobulin G4 monoclonal antibody, is a cluster of differentiation (CD4)-directed postattachment inhibitor.

Methods:

In this phase 2b study, 113 patients with MDR HIV-1 and limited treatment options were assigned an optimized background regimen (OBR) and randomized to either 800 mg ibalizumab every 2 weeks (q2wk; n = 59) or 2000 mg ibalizumab every 4 weeks (q4wk; n = 54) up to week 24.

Results:

Viral loads (VL) below the detection limit were achieved in 44% and 28% of patients in the 800 mg q2wk and 2000 mg q4wk groups, respectively, at week 24. Mean (SD) VL (log10 copies/mL) decreased from Baseline [4.6 (0.8), 800 mg q2wk; 4.7 (0.7), 2000 mg q4wk] to week 2, with the reduction maintained through week 24 [2.9 (1.5), 800 mg q2wk; 3.2 (1.4), 2000 mg q4wk]. Baseline CD4+ counts were 80.5 and 54.0 cells/μL in the 800 mg q2wk and 2000 mg q4wk groups, respectively. Mean CD4+ T-cell count was increased at week 24 in both groups. No serious adverse events were related to ibalizumab.

Conclusions:

In heavily treatment-experienced patients with HIV (PWH) at a more advanced baseline disease severity, clinically significant response rates at week 24 were achieved with ibalizumab plus OBR. Ibalizumab's unique mechanism of action and lack of cross-resistance to other antiretroviral agents make it an important component of combination treatment regimens for PWH with limited treatment options.
Microliposuction and Radiofrequency Combined With Fat Grating as a New Method for Hybrid-Type Nasolabial Folds
Authors: Jia Xinyu , Li Ming , Li Facheng , Yin Bo
Published: September 2024

Backgrounds:

The hybrid-type nasolabial fold is a special, complex type of nasolabial fold with various causes, making it difficult to obtain an ideal effect with a single treatment.

Objectives:

This study aimed to investigate the effect and complications of a comprehensive therapy combining microliposuction, radiofrequency, and fat grafting on hybrid-type nasolabial folds.

Results:

Twenty-one patients aged 27 to 45 (mean: 34.71±5.41) years, who underwent the therapy for hybrid-type nasolabial folds were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were followed up for 12 months. Two independent observers conducted postoperative follow-ups at 1 week and 12 weeks. One week postoperatively, the hematoma, mass nodule, and skin scald ecchymosis scores were 1.24±0.43, 1.62±0.58, and 1.48±0.59, respectively. At 12 weeks, the scores of mass nodules and skin scald ecchymosis decreased (1.19±0.39 and 1.05±0.21, respectively) without obvious hematoma. The WSRS grade decreased from 4.33±0.47 to 2.19±0.39 (P<0.001), and the hybrid-type nasolabial folds significantly improved. The Face-Q scale score was 20.43±2.63 points (standard score: 85.12±10.95 points). 76.19% of the patients scored more than 80 points in the subjective Face-Q evaluation.

Conclusion:

Microliposuction and radiofrequency combined with fat grafting effectively treats hybrid-type nasolabial folds, resulting in high patient satisfaction. Most complications can be prevented, and optimal outcomes can be obtained by comprehensive surgical methods and correct procedures, which is thus worthy of clinical promotion.
Head and Neck Airbag Penetrating Injuries
Authors: Terenzi Valentina , Dell’Aquila Alberto , Pitino Francesca , Pagliuca Giulio , Gallipoli Camilla , Valentini Valentino
Published: September 2024

Background:

Airbags have significantly decreased fatalities in frontal vehicle accidents, but their deployment can lead to more severe injuries and rarely death. The authors present a case of a penetrating injury causing tissue loss in the left cheek, an “explosion” of the zygomatic arch, and facial nerve damage, discussing the management in the contest of literature examining similar injuries in the head and neck region.

Materials and Methods:

Reviewing English literature from 1995 to 2023, 9 patients experienced severe airbag-related penetrating head and neck injuries, in 3 cases resulting in death. In addition, we describe the case of a young male reporting a deep cheek laceration with facial nerve damage, tissue loss, and comminuted maxilla-zygomatic fracture; 48 hours after trauma, he underwent surgical reconstruction using a bilobed flap, direct suture of the resected masseter muscle, closed reduction of the comminuted zygomatic arch fracture, and direct neurorrhaphy of the lacerated facial nerve.

Results:

Five months after surgery, facial nerve function recovery was observed. Mouth opening was restored, but a mixed low-medium hearing loss persisted for high frequencies. In another case marginal nerve damage was reported, but management is not described.

Conclusion:

The use of seat belts and airbags has led to a significant reduction in the incidence of facial fractures and fatalities after motor vehicle accidents, but at the same time, in some cases, complex facial trauma and/or penetrating injury can be observed. In case of suspected or certain facial nerve damage, it is mandatory to perform exploration and eventual reconstruction within 72 hours.
The Role of CT Angiography in Designing a Hair-Bearing Superficial Temporal Artery Flap for Eyebrow Reconstruction
Authors: Chang Jinwoo , Miyamoto Shimpei , Ishii Saaya , Okazaki Mutsumi
Published: September 2024

The hair-bearing superficial temporal artery flap is one of the traditional options for total eyebrow reconstruction. The anatomical variation of the superficial temporal artery has been well discussed; however, the anatomy of the superficial temporal vein is highly diverse. The authors report the use of preoperative computed tomography (CT) angiography in a 27-year-old man with a total eyebrow defect caused by thermal burn injury. The authors harvested a 6×1.5-cm pedicled hair-bearing superficial temporal artery flap from the area where the parietal branches of the superficial temporal artery and vein were running in close proximity, according to the CT angiography findings. Postoperatively, the flap survived completely without any vascular compromise. The authors believe that preoperative visualization of the superficial temporal vessels with CT angiography is highly beneficial in performing safe eyebrow reconstruction with a hair-bearing superficial temporal artery flap.
Application of Submandibular Gland Flap in the Repair of Postoperative Defects in Clinical Stage III Osteoradionecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Liu Xiang , Shao Shengjie , Xia Yichao , Lou Huiquan , Yan Feng
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Investigating the clinical efficacy of submandibular gland flap repair for postoperative defects in clinical stage III osteoradionecrosis of the jaw was the objective of this study.

Methods:

The study included 3 patients who declined vascularized fibula flap repair for mandibular defects and 1 patient who was not fit for mandibular reconstruction due to poor systemic condition. The postoperative defects were successfully repaired using a submandibular gland flap, and the clinical outcomes were monitored.

Results:

After a 6 to 8 month postoperative follow-up, all patients exhibited good wound healing, no signs of infection, no pain, and normal submandibular gland function.

Conclusion:

The study demonstrated that submandibular gland flap repair is an effective and feasible approach for addressing postoperative defects in clinical stage III osteoradionecrosis of the jaw, yielding satisfactory clinical results.
Recurrent Frontal Sinus Mucocle—A Novel Management Approach
Authors: Tomar Kapil , Krishnan Mukesh , Sharma Manish , Bhat Sudarshan , Desai Ajay P. , Gawas Rasika
Published: September 2024

A mucocele, or collection of mucoid secretion and desquamated epithelium within a paranasal sinus with distension of its walls, is considered a destructive lesion that resembles an expansile cyst. It can erode bone and therefore may extend in to the orbit or the cranium. The frontal sinus experiences the majority incidence, followed by the ethmoid sinus. This case of frontal sinus mucocele presented 8 years after an event of blunt trauma. The individual presented with a nonresolving right frontal head ache, proptosis of right eye and diplopia for the past 6 weeks. This case report emphasizes on the management of a large, chronic mucocele with prompt resolution of signs and symptoms.
Concept of Rejuvenation in Greek Mythology and Modern Plastic Surgery
Authors: Hwang Kun
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to capture the enduring fascination with youth and transformation. These themes, epitomized by the myth of Medea, resonate in the context of modern plastic surgery and cosmetic enhancements. Book 7 of Metamorphosis was read and analyzed. Medea is a sorceress and daughter of King Aeëtes. Her magical abilities are highlighted in 2 notable stories: (1) her rejuvenation of Aeson and (2) her attempt to rejuvenate herself. Aeson, the father of Jason, had grown old and frail. Medea, eager to assist Jason’s father, employed her magical abilities to restore Aeson’s youth. Medea concocted a powerful potion that required a variety of rare ingredients and intricate rituals. This process involved herbs, incantations, and a cauldron for boiling the mixture. To prove her magical prowess to the onlookers, Medea performed a demonstration using an old ram. She dismembered the ram, boiled the pieces in her cauldron with her magical brew, and from the pot emerged a young lamb. Encouraged by this success, she then applied the same magical process to Aeson, rejuvenating him and restoring his vigor. Medea, having endured considerable personal loss and turmoil, resolved to use her magical abilities to restore her youth. She collected the required ingredients, conducted the rituals, and either drank the potion or bathed in it, which rejuvenated her. This act demonstrates her determination to transcend the constraints of mortality. These stories speak to the timeless human quest for youth and immortality while also exploring the themes of power, knowledge, and ethical boundaries.
Impact of Gender-Affirming Surgery on Craniofacial Exposure for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Training: A Preliminary, Single-Institution Study
Authors: Shamamian Peter E. , Guerra Daniel , Oleru Olachi , Seyidova Nargiz , Gyasi Abena , Sarosi Alex , Horesh Elan , Taub Peter J.
Published: September 2024

Objective:

Current available plastic surgery positions in craniofacial surgery are not commensurate with the growing number of trained plastic surgery residents and fellows interested in the field. Despite this, there is growing demand for surgery in other areas of the craniofacial field, such as facial gender-affirming surgery (GAS), in which academic plastic surgery programs can increase resident and fellow case exposure. The present study sought to characterize the increase in craniofacial surgery exposure with the introduction of a GAS rotation among plastic surgery residents at one academic medical center.

Methods:

A single-center retrospective review of ten plastic surgery resident case logs between 2013 and 2021 was carried out. Case logs were evaluated for case frequency per year in craniofacial surgery and breast reconstruction surgery, which was used as a control. Case frequency was compared before and after the introduction of the GAS rotation in 2017.

Results:

Craniofacial surgery exposure increased from an average of 26 to 45 cases per resident per year after the introduction of a GAS rotation and overall increased from 17 to 29 cases per year. The average breast reconstruction caseload remained similar at the same time, from an average of 37 to 36 cases per year per resident.

Conclusions:

The introduction of a GAS rotation at one institution increased craniofacial surgery exposure for plastic surgery residents. Increasing craniofacial surgery exposure is crucial in the competitive landscape for job opportunities, further increasing resident exposure to the transgender and gender-diverse population, and expanding care for this patient population.
Temporoparietal Fascia Sandwich Technique in the Immediate Reconstruction of Human Bite Ear Amputation
Authors: Ibrahim Ahmed , Elsayed Malek , Aboelnaga Ahmed
Published: September 2024

Background:

Traumatic ear amputation is a rare injury. Ear replantation is the gold standard in dealing with amputated ears. However, this is not always feasible. In this case series, the authors discuss the immediate reconstruction of traumatic ear amputation using temporoparietal fascia with the same skin from the amputated ear, which provided a high esthetic result and patient satisfaction.

Patients and Methods:

The authors present a case series of 3 patients from July 2018 to May 2020 who suffered from traumatic ear amputation due to a human bite and were successfully reconstructed using temporoparietal fascia and the same skin from the amputated ear as FTSG.

The cartilage was sutured back, the temporoparietal fascia was raised and flipped over the exposed cartilage, and the FTSG previously harvested from the same amputated ear was put on the fascia. Quilting sutures were taken to ensure proper inset of the graft on the fascia. The authors measured the patient-reported outcome using an Ear-Q validated questionnaire.

Results:

All patients were males, with a mean age of 30.6 years. They were all smokers, and none of them had any comorbidities. No major complications occurred. However, partial graft loss occurred in one patient and healed properly with secondary intention. All patients had high satisfaction scores of more than 70 in the EAR-Q questionnaires.

Conclusion:

Traumatic human bite ear amputations can be reconstructed with good esthetic outcomes by using single-stage temporoparietal fascia and the same skin of the amputated ear as a full-thickness skin graft whenever replantation is not feasible.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes Using Left and Right Liver Grafts in Adult-to-adult Living-donor Liver Transplantation: A Retrospective Cohort Study Using the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry
Authors: Jo Hye-Sung , Kim Dong-Sik , Cho Jai Young , Hwang Shin , Choi YoungRok , Kim Jong Man , Lee Jae Geun , You Young Kyoung , Choi Donglak , Ryu Je Ho , Kim Bong-Wan , Nah Yang Won , Ju Man ki , Kim Tae-Seok , Suh Suk-Won ,   Korean Organ Transplantation Registry Study Group
Published: September 2024

Background.

Living-donor liver transplantation has been widely performed as an alternative to the scarce liver grafts from deceased donors. More studies are reporting favorable outcomes of left liver graft (LLG). This study compared the clinical outcomes between living-donor liver transplantation using LLG and right liver graft (RLG) with similar graft-to-recipient body weight ratios.

Methods.

This study analyzed 4601 patients from a multicenter observational cohort using the Korean Organ Transplantation Registry between 2014 and 2021. After matching the Model for End-stage Liver Disease score and graft-to-recipient body weight ratios because of the extremely different number in each group, the LLG and RLG groups comprised 142 (25.1%) and 423 (74.9%) patients, respectively.

Results.

For donors, the median age was higher in the LLG group than in the RLG group (34 y [range, 16–62 y] versus 30 y [16–66 y] ; P = 0.002). For recipients, the LLG group showed higher 90-d mortality than the RLG group (11 [7.7%] versus 9 [2.1%]; P = 0.004). The long-term graft survival was significantly worse in the LLG group (P = 0.011). In multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis for graft survival, LLG was not a significant risk factor (hazard ratio, 1.01 [0.54-1.87]; P = 0.980). Otherwise, donor age (≥40 y; 2.18 y [1.35-3.52 y]; P = 0.001) and recipients’ body mass index (<18.5 kg/m2; 2.98 kg/m2 [1.52-5.84 kg/m2]; P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for graft survival.

Conclusions.

Although the short-term and long-term graft survival was worse in the LLG group, LLG was not an independent risk factor for graft survival in multivariate analysis. LLGs are still worth considering for selected donors and recipients regarding risk factors for graft survival.
Nanostructured NiS
2
-based flexible smart sensors for human respiration monitoring
Authors: Desai Trishala R. , Gupta Aashi , Gurnani Chitra
Published: September 2024

The growing demand for wearable healthcare devices has led to an urgent need for cost-effective, wireless and portable breath monitoring systems. However, it is essential to explore novel nanomaterials that combine state-of-the-art flexible sensors with high performance and sensing capabilities along with scalability and industrially acceptable processing. In this study, we demonstrate a highly efficient NiS
2
-based flexible capacitive sensor fabricated via a solution-processible route using a novel single-source precursor [Ni{S
2
P(OPr)
2
}
2
]. The developed sensor could precisely detect the human respiration rate and exhibit rapid responsiveness, exceptional sensitivity and selectivity at ambient temperatures, with an ultra-fast response and recovery. The device effectively differentiates the exhaled breath patterns including slow, fast, oral and nasal breath, as well as post-exercise breath rates. Moreover, the sensor shows outstanding bending stability, repeatability, reliable and robust sensing performance and is capable of contactless sensing. The sensor was further employed with a user-friendly wireless interface to facilitate smartphone-enabled real-time breath monitoring systems. This work opens up numerous avenues for cost-effective, sustainable and versatile sensors with potential applications for Internet of Things-based flexible and wearable electronics.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating the 15th anniversary of the Royal Society Newton International Fellowship’.
Graphene nanoplatelets on recycled rubber: an experimental study of material properties and mechanical improvements
Authors: Londono Monsalve J. M. , Kovalska E. , Craciun M. F. , Marsico M. R.
Published: September 2024

This study presents an experimental investigation of the mechanical behaviour of recycled rubber pads coated with graphene nanoplatelets. The investigation is part of an effort to develop a novel rubber-based composite that aims to reroute rubber from end-of-life tyres from illegal landfills and incineration back into the market in the form of a novel composite for vibration isolation. Graphene nanoplatelets were deposited on rubber pads via ultrasonic spray coating. The pads were made of a combination of recycled rubber (from tyres) and virgin rubber. A comprehensive analysis of the structural and chemical properties of the graphene coating, ensuring its integrity on the rubber substrate, was performed by combining surface topography, Raman and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Stacked coated pads were cured and tested dynamically in compression and shear under cyclic loading. Results showed promising improvements in the mechanical properties, in particular, in compressive stiffness and damping of the coated specimens with respect to their uncoated counterparts, laying the foundation for using graphene-enhanced recycled rubber as a novel composite.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating the 15th anniversary of the Royal Society Newton International Fellowship’.
Understanding the effect of adsorption sites of CO at cobalt surface on its reactivity with H
2
/H by DFT calculations
Authors: Zhang Xiaoli , Yin Jiuzheng , Zhang Lidong , Wei Lixia
Published: September 2024

Cobalt (Co) is widely used in Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS), converting synthesis gas, carbon monoxide + hydrogen (CO + H
2
), to long-chain hydrocarbons. The adsorption of CO on the Co surface is the key step in FTS. In this work, the effect of CO adsorption sites on the reactions between CO and H
2
was investigated by using density functional theory (DFT). The energetics and structures of the reactions between the adsorbed CO (CO*) and H
2
/adsorbed H
2
(H
2
*)/adsorbed H atom (H*) were calculated. The results show that the reaction between CO* and H
2
is initiated by the molecular adsorption of H
2
on the Co surface. The reactions between CO* and H
2
*/H* are influenced by CO adsorption sites. For the reaction system of CO* + H
2
*, it has the lowest reaction barrier when CO is adsorbed at the hcp site, while for CO* + H*, it has the lowest reaction barrier when CO is adsorbed on the top site. Kinetic analysis indicates that to improve the reactivity of CO + H
2
in FTS, the adsorption of CO should be controlled to favour the top and bridge sites.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Celebrating the 15th anniversary of the Royal Society Newton International Fellowship’.
The dynamic history of prokaryotic phyla: discovery, diversity and division
Authors: Pallen Mark J.
Published: September 2024

Here, I review the dynamic history of prokaryotic phyla. Following leads set by Darwin, Haeckel and Woese, the concept of phylum has evolved from a group sharing common phenotypes to a set of organisms sharing a common ancestry, with modern taxonomy based on phylogenetic classifications drawn from macromolecular sequences. Phyla came as surprising latecomers to the formalities of prokaryotic nomenclature in 2021. Since then names have been validly published for 46 prokaryotic phyla, replacing some established names with neologisms, prompting criticism and debate within the scientific community. Molecular barcoding enabled phylogenetic analysis of microbial ecosystems without cultivation, leading to the identification of candidate divisions (or phyla) from diverse environments. The introduction of metagenome-assembled genomes marked a significant advance in identifying and classifying uncultured microbial phyla. The lumper–splitter dichotomy has led to disagreements, with experts cautioning against the pressure to create a profusion of new phyla and prominent databases adopting a conservative stance. The Candidatus designation has been widely used to provide provisional status to uncultured prokaryotic taxa, with phyla named under this convention now clearly surpassing those with validly published names. The Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) has offered a stable, standardized prokaryotic taxonomy with normalized taxonomic ranks, which has led to both lumping and splitting of pre-existing phyla. The GTDB framework introduced unwieldy alphanumeric placeholder labels, prompting recent publication of over 100 user-friendly Latinate names for unnamed prokaryotic phyla. Most candidate phyla remain ‘known unknowns’, with limited knowledge of their genomic diversity, ecological roles, or environments. Whether phyla still reflect significant evolutionary and ecological partitions across prokaryotic life remains an area of active debate. However, phyla remain of practical importance for microbiome analyses, particularly in clinical research. Despite potential diminishing returns in discovery of biodiversity, prokaryotic phyla offer extensive research opportunities for microbiologists for the foreseeable future.
Effects of Psychogenic Stress Frequency during the Growth Stage on Oxidative Stress, Organ and Bone Development
Authors: Lee Sangun , Tairabune Maho , Nakamura Yuka , Itagaki Atsunori , Sugimoto Issei , Saito Takumi , Shibukawa Yoshihiko , Satoh Atsuko
Published: September 2024

Background: This study aimed to examine the effects of psychogenic stress (PS) frequency on oxidative stress and organ development during growth and to gain fundamental insights into developmental processes during this period.Methods: Four-week-old male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to a control and three PS groups according to PS frequencies. PS was induced using restraint and water immersion techniques once daily for 3 hr at a time for a period of 4 weeks.Results: Oxidative stress increased with increasing PS frequency. The weights of organs other than the adrenal glands significantly decreased with increasing PS frequency, indicating growth suppression. Furthermore, bone morphology, weight, and length significantly decreased with increasing PS frequency.Conclusions: High-frequency PS exposure during developmental growth significantly negatively affects oxidative stress and organ and bone development. In particular, increased oxidative stress due to excessive PS has detrimental effects on organ and bone growth.
Thioredoxin Interacting Protein Expressed in Osteoblasts Mediates the Anti-Proliferative Effects of High Glucose and Modulates the Expression of Osteocalcin
Authors: McGarry Sarah , Kover Karen , Luca Francesco De
Published: September 2024

Background: Hyperglycemia is associated with impaired bone health in patients with diabetes mellitus. Although a direct detrimental effect of hyperglycemia on the bone has been previously reported, the specific molecular mediator(s) responsible for the inhibitory effect of high glucose levels on the bone remains unclear. We hypothesized that thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip), an essential mediator of oxidative stress, is such a mediator.Methods: We cultured MG-63 cells (immortalized human osteoblasts) with normal or high glucose concentrations and transfected them with scrambled or Txnip-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA).Results: High glucose levels increased Txnip expression and reduced MG-63 cell proliferation. The high-glucose level mediated reduction in cell proliferation was prevented in Txnip siRNA-transfected cells. In addition, we demonstrated that silencing Txnip mRNA expression in osteoblasts reduced the expression of the osteocalcin gene. Our results suggest that high glucose levels or silencing of Txnip mRNA expression may induce apoptosis in osteoblasts.Conclusions: Our findings indicate that Txnip is an intracellular mediator of the anti-proliferative effects of extracellular high glucose levels on osteoblasts.
Abdominal Aorta Calcification Identified on DXA Scans and the Risk of Mortality in Adults
Authors: Orces Carlos H.
Published: September 2024

Background: Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) on lateral lumbar radiographs increases the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality. However, data on the association between AAC detected in dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and the risk of mortality in the general population are scarce.Methods: The present study was based on data from participants aged ≥40 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycle of 2013 to 2014. Vertebral assessment of lateral spine DXA scans was used to provide AAC measurements at vertebrae L1–L4. The extent of AAC was defined according to the Kauppila AAC-24 scores (0–1, 2–5, ≥6), and the NHANES 2019 public-use linked mortality files were used to assess mortality status.Results: Of the 2,962 participants who were included in this study, with a mean age of 57.4 years and a median follow-up of 69.9 months, 252 (8.5%) died. Of the deaths, 84 (33.3%) occurred due to cardiovascular disease. The Cox proportional hazards models revealed that participants with AAC-24 scores ≥6 were 1.7 times more likely to die than those with AAC-24 scores 0–1 (Hazard ratio, 1.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.13–2.71). Moreover, older adults and women with AAC-24 scores ≥6 were 2.8 and 2.4 times more likely to die than their counterparts with AAC-24 scores 0–1, respectively. Conversely, a non-significant risk of cardiovascular mortality was found among participants with AAC-24 scores ≥6.Conclusions: The extent of AAC detected on vertebral fracture assessment DXA was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in adults, particularly older adults and women.
Methylsulfonylmethane: A Potential Dietary Supplement targeting sphingosine kinase 1 involved in Glioblastomamultiforme
Authors: Ahmad Faizan , Karan Anik , Jayaraj Richard L
Published: September 2024

Methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) is a common dietary supplement mainly used for inflammatory disorders as well as MSM had shown anti-tumor effects on different types of cancers. However, the glioma cell line has not been tested against MSM, and we are reporting it in our study for the first time. This research used an in silico study in which sphingosine kinase 1(SphK1) is used as a therapeutic target which is associated with Glioblastoma multiforme(GBM) SphK1 is pivotal enzyme for sphingolipid metabolism whose high expression level is thought to be associated with cancer alongside other inflammatory diseases and it is a potential drug target for various types of cancer.First, in silico analysis was executed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of MSM on SphK1.Then we further observed the anti-tumor activities of MSM on the C6 glioma cell line. During in silico investigation at the initial stage, we performed molecular docking with Auto Dock Vina followed by molecular dynamics simulation at 100ns with Gromacs Software Package.MSM binds with SphK1 with a docked score of -2.1 kcal mol1. During molecular dynamics simulation complex maintain stability at 10ns but we ran simulation till 100ns to confirm the stability. We performed in depth analysis which includes post trajectory analysis like free energy landscape (FEL), principal constant analysis (PCA) with kernel density (KDE)estimation plots as well as probability distribution plots. Even molecular dynamics simulation shows stability, compactness and interaction of MSM with Sphk1, we calculated MMPBSA binding energy calculation is -13.922 +/- 19.518 kJ/mol-The viability and cellular metabolic activity of the C6 glioma in the presence of MSM showed 393.459 mM/ml of MSM reduced cell viability by 50% (CTC50) value in dose dependent manner. Further analysis like DNA fragmentation assay and Acridine orange and ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining were carried out, which clearly depicts MSM inducing apoptosis in C6 gliomas. Based on in silico and in vitro results,for the first time we are reporting it in our study and we reach to conclusion that that MSM acts as a potential inhibitor for SphK1 as well as inhibits the growth of glioma cells and acts as a potential dietary supplement for the management of GBM which can cross blood brain barrier (BBB) and not toxic to cells even at high doze.
Classical spin models and basic magnetic interactions on 1/1-approximant crystals
Authors: Qvarngård Daniel , Henelius P.
Published: September 2024

We study classical spin models on the 1/1 Tsai-type approximant lattice using Monte Carlo and mean-field methods. Our aim is to understand whether the phase diagram differences between Gd- and Tb-based approximants can be attributed to anisotropy induced by the crystal-electric field. To address this question, we treat Gd ions as Heisenberg spins and Tb ions as Ising spins. Additionally, we consider the presence of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction to replicate the experimentally observed correlation between magnetic properties and electron concentration. Surprisingly, our findings show that the transition between ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic order remains unaltered by the anisotropy, even when accounting for the dipole interaction. We conclude that a more comprehensive model, extending beyond the free-electron gas RKKY interaction, is likely required to fully understand the distinctions between Gd- and Tb-based approximants. Our work represents a systematic exploration of the impact of anisotropy on the ground-state properties of classical spin models in quasicrystal approximants.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Improved light-cone harmonic oscillator model for the
ϕ
-meson longitudinal leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitude and its effects to
Ds+→ϕℓ+νℓ
Authors: Hu Dan-Dan , Wu Xing-Gang , Zeng Long , Fu Hai-Bing , Zhong Tao
Published: September 2024

In the present paper, we study the properties of ϕ-meson longitudinal leading-twist light-cone distribution amplitude ϕ2;ϕ∥(x,μ) by starting from a light-cone harmonic oscillator model for its wave function. To fix the input parameters, we derive the first ten order ξ moments of ϕ2;ϕ∥(x,μ) by using the QCD sum rules approach under the background field theory. The curves of ϕ2;ϕ∥(x,μ=2  GeV) tend to be a single-peak behavior, which is consistent with the latest lattice QCD result. To show how the twist-3 light-cone distribution amplitudes (LCDAs) affect the results, we consider two scenarios for the ϕ-meson chiral twist-3 LCDAs ϕ3;ϕ⊥(x) and ψ3;ϕ⊥(x), i.e., the ones using the Wandzura-Wilczek approximation with ϕ2;ϕ∥(x,μ) (S1) and the ones using self-consistent conformal expansion with second-order Gegenbauer moments a2;ϕ2 in this work (S2). As an application, we derive the Ds+→ϕ transition form factors (TFFs) by using the QCD light-cone sum rules. The TFFs at large recoil point for those two scenarios are given separately. As for the two TFF ratios γV and γ2, we obtain γV(S1)=1.755−0.005+0.008, γ2(S1)=0.852−0.133+0.135, γV(S2)=1.723−0.021+0.023, and γ2(S2)=0.785−0.104+0.100. After extrapolating those TFFs to the physically allowable region, we then obtain the transverse, longitudinal, and total decay widths for semileptonic decay Ds+→ϕℓ+νℓ. Then the branching fractions are B(S1)(Ds+→ϕe+νe)=(2.347−0.191+0.342)×10−3, B(S1)(Ds+→ϕμ+νμ)=(2.330−0.190+0.341)×10−3, B(S2)(Ds+→ϕe+νe)=(2.367−0.132+0.256)×10−3, and B(S2)(Ds+→ϕμ+νμ)=(2.349−0.132+0.255)×10−3, which show good agreement with the data issued by the BESIII, CLEO, and Collaborations. We finally calculate Ds+→ϕℓ+νℓ polarization and asymmetry parameters, which can be measured and tested in future experiments.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Baryon junction and string interactions
Authors: Komargodski Zohar , Zhong Siwei
Published: September 2024

We study junctions between confining strings. We show that the effective theory of such junctions is very predictive, with only one new parameter, the junction’s mass, controlling the first couple of terms in the expansion in the system size. By open-closed string duality, these considerations about the baryon junction map to interaction vertices of closed strings. Therefore, we calculate the interaction vertices of closed strings in theories such as Yang-Mills theory. We find some surprising selection rules for string interactions in 3+1 dimensions. Requiring perturbative stability and that the string coupling is weak, we suggest constraints on the junction’s mass.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Gravitational corrections to the two-loop beta function in a non-Abelian gauge theory
Authors: Gomes M. , Lehum A. C. , da Silva A. J.
Published: September 2024

This paper investigates the coupling of massive fermions to gravity within the context of a non-Abelian gauge theory, utilizing the effective field theory framework for quantum gravity. Specifically, we calculate the two-loop beta function of the gauge coupling constant in a non-Abelian gauge theory, employing the one-graviton exchange approximation. Our findings reveal that gravitational corrections may lead to a nontrivial UV fixed point in the beta function of the gauge coupling constant, contingent upon the specific gauge group and the quantity of fermions involved.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Correlating light fields through disordered media across multiple degrees of freedom
Authors: Devaud Louisiane , Rauer Bernhard , Mauras Simon , Rotter Stefan , Gigan Sylvain
Published: September 2024

Speckle patterns are inherent features of coherent light propagation through complex media. As a result of interference, they are sensitive to multiple experimental parameters such as the configuration of disorder or the propagating wavelength. Recent developments in wavefront shaping have made it possible to control speckle pattern statistics and correlations, for example using the concept of the transmission matrix. In this article, we address the problem of correlating scattered fields across multiple degrees of freedom. We highlight the common points between the specific techniques already demonstrated, and we propose a general framework based on the singular value decomposition of a linear combination of multiple transmission matrices. Following analytical predictions, we experimentally illustrate the technique on spectral and temporal correlations, and we show that both the amplitude and the phase of the field correlations can be tuned. Our work opens up new perspectives in speckle correlation manipulation, with potential applications in coherent control.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Model orthogonalization and Bayesian forecast mixing via principal component analysis
Authors: Giuliani P. , Godbey K. , Kejzlar V. , Nazarewicz W.
Published: September 2024

One can improve predictability in the unknown domain by combining forecasts of imperfect complex computational models using a Bayesian statistical machine learning framework. In many cases, however, the models used in the mixing process are similar. In addition to contaminating the model space, the existence of such similar, or even redundant, models during the multimodeling process can result in misinterpretation of results and deterioration of predictive performance. In this paper we describe a method based on the principal component analysis that eliminates model redundancy. We show that by adding model orthogonalization to the proposed Bayesian model combination framework, one can arrive at better prediction accuracy and reach excellent uncertainty quantification performance.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Leveraging procurement capabilities and planning for project success in the construction industry in Ghana
Authors: Kamewor Tetteh Francis , Kwatia Dennis Amoako , Asante David , Kyeremeh Andrews , Nyame Prince Elton
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The paper examines the influence of procurement capabilities (skills) and procurement planning on project success in Ghana. The paper further examines the mediating role of procurement planning.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing insights from human capital theory, a model of four hypotheses was developed and validated. The proposed model was validated using survey data from 200 procurement and construction professionals at construction firms in Ghana. The data gathered was analysed using structural equation modelling. Confirmatory factor analysis using Amos software was conducted to establish reliability and validity of the constructs. Hayes process was employed to test the structural model.

Findings

Our study revealed that procurement capabilities and procurement planning directly improve project success in the construction sector in Ghana. We found procurement planning acts as a pathway for achieving greater success in construction projects.

Originality/value

This study is among the very few attempts to demonstrate how project success could be enhanced through developing procurement capabilities for effective procurement planning. Theoretically, this study is among the first attempts to theorise the effect of procurement capabilities and planning on project success from the human capital perspective. Our findings also offer practical insight to practitioners in the construction setting by emphasising the need to pay crucial attention to capabilities and planning in the quest to enhance project success in the construction setting. The findings indicate that building capabilities alone is not enough; rather, the ability to deploy such capabilities for effective procurement planning is necessary for driving project success.
Phenolic changes in propolis during in vitro digestion and cytotoxic effects on human cancer cell lines
Authors: Mutlu Ceren , Demir Zeynep , Özkan Aysun , Erbaş Mustafa
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the compositional changes and bioaccessibility of phenolics and antioxidants in propolis during in vitro digestion as well as the cytotoxic effects of digested propolis on various cancer cell lines.

Design/methodology/approach

Six propolis samples were obtained and subjected to in vitro oral, gastric and intestinal digestion. Both digested and undigested samples were analyzed for their total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant activities. Additionally, changes in phenolic composition in the in vitro digestion system were revealed by the HPLC-DAD system. The cytotoxic effects of the digested samples were assessed on lung (A549, H1299), skin (A431), liver (Hep-G2) and colon (Caco-2) cancer cells as well as on fibroblast (Bj) cells.

Findings

The mean bioaccessibility values of phenolic and flavonoid compounds were found to be less than 35 and 24%, respectively, while the TEAC and CUPRAC antioxidant results ranged between 225.08–649.04 and 398.68–1552.28 µmol TE/g, respectively. The release of p-coumaric, ferulic, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acids, naringenin, pinocembrin and chrysin increased progressively from the oral to the intestinal stage. The cytotoxic effects of samples on cell lines were ranked, based on IC50 results, as A431 > Hep-G2 > Caco-2 > A549 > H1299 > Bj.

Originality/value

Propolis has been recognized for centuries as a natural remedy, and numerous studies have explored its bioactive components. However, no studies have previously examined the changes in the phenolic compositions of propolis samples during digestion or their cytotoxic effects on cancer cells. Therefore, this study provides novel insights and an approach to the existing literature on this topic.

Graphical abstract
Sustainability and software development projects: leadership, core self-evaluation and empowerment as critical success factors
Authors: Piwowar-Sulej Katarzyna , Iqbal Qaisar
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to integrate job demands–resources theory with core self-evaluation theory to examine how and when sustainable project leadership stimulates sustainable project performance. Psychological empowerment is used as a mechanism between sustainable project leadership and sustainable project performance, whereas core self-evaluation acts as a moderator between sustainable project leadership and psychological empowerment.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts a time-lagged two-phase approach to collecting data from 257 software engineers working in medium-sized and large companies in the Polish financial sector.

Findings

This study reveals the direct and indirect (through psychological empowerment) effects of sustainable project leadership on sustainable project performance. It also confirms that the “sustainable project leadership–psychological empowerment” relationship strengthens with increasing level of project team members’ core self-evaluation.

Originality/value

This article explores a unique research framework. It significantly enriches the literature on sustainable project management, increasing the understanding of effective leadership practices that address the needs of software engineering teams to support sustainable project performance.
Exploring the impact of job satisfaction on turnover intention among professionals in the construction industry
Authors: Zhang Shang , Wang Jinpeng , Ke Yongjian , Li Nan , Su Zhenwen
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Turnover intention is a critical predictor of an employee’s turnover behaviour. A high level of turnover rate significantly affects the productivity and morale of an enterprise. Previous research has indicated that job satisfaction plays a critical role in influencing an employee's turnover intention, but the underlying factors related to job satisfaction remain under-explored, which impedes the development of effective strategies for reducing turnover intention. In addition, little research examined job satisfaction and turnover intention in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, specifically in the Chinese construction industry. This study aims to investigate the impact of job satisfaction on turnover intention among professionals in the construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

A questionnaire survey was employed to collect viewpoints from 449 professionals in the Chinese construction industry, followed by descriptive analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation modelling analysis to derive results.

Findings

The findings indicate that professionals in the industry generally have a slightly high level of job satisfaction while a slightly low level of turnover intention in the special period of the pandemic outbreak. Leadership and management, training and career development and interpersonal relationships are critical underlying factors leading to their turnover intention. Although demographic factors have no moderating effect between job satisfaction and turnover intention, among them, age, marital status and years of working experience have strongly positive relationships with job satisfaction while significantly negative relationships with turnover intention.

Originality/value

The findings provide valuable insights to fully understand the critical factors leading to turnover intention from the perspective of job satisfaction, which is helpful in developing effective measures to address the turnover problems for enterprises in the Chinese construction industry and those industries with similar characteristics in other regions.
Retail therapy? The role of positive body image in women’s clothing experiences and preferences for in-store shopping environments
Authors: Seekis Veya , Yager Zali , Paas Karlien
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Despite the online shopping trend, many women still prefer in-store experiences for trying on and buying clothes. The body positivity movement endorsed by many brands implies that all women, even those with lower body appreciation, should feel included in this setting. However, studies have yet to quantitatively explore the mediating role of women’s positive body image between clothing size and in-store experiences. To address this gap, this study examined the in-store experiences of 642 women from largely Western nations (Mage = 45.96, standard deviation (SD) = 9.31) who self-reported as straight-, mid- and plus-sizes and the mediating role of body appreciation.

Design/methodology/approach

Participants completed online questionnaires with measures including clothing size, body appreciation, in-store experiences and preferences for in-store changes.

Findings

Women of mid-size and plus-size were more likely than women of straight-size to report lower body appreciation, which led to a greater desire for guidance from staff about styles but less likelihood to approach them, higher discomfort going up a size and lower confidence trying on clothes. In contrast, straight-size women generally felt more comfortable and confident in-store clothes shopping. A direct link between clothing size and lower purchase intentions without in-store representation was found; however, body appreciation did not mediate this link. Preferences for in-store changes included better support from sales staff and more inclusive imagery.

Originality/value

This study indicates that in-store clothes shopping may not feel like retail therapy for women who identify as mid-size or plus-size and experience low body appreciation. It highlights the need for comprehensive reform within the fashion retail industry by prioritizing inclusivity through better staff support and in-store representation for all sizes.