bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On The Burning Child: A Conversation with Joseph Koerner
Authors: Buchloh Benjamin H. D.
Published: November 2018

Benjamin Buchloh speaks with art historian Joseph Koerner about his first major film, The Burning Child (2014–2017). Written, directed, and produced by Koerner, the film tracks his search for the fate of his grandparents and their Viennese home, known only through a painting done by his exiled father in 1944, and traces the systematic destruction of the Jewish population in Vienna during the Nazi occupation. Koerner interweaves his personal journey with an investigation into the history of the Viennese interior and the birth of modern architecture through interviews with historians, architects, and artists. Koerner and Buchloh discuss the making of the film; its formal structure, major sites, and main characters; and how it grapples with urgent questions of memory, trauma, belonging, and the concept of home.
LeWitt, in the Shadow of the Object
Authors: Holmboe Rye Dag
Published: November 2018

Rye Dag Holmboe examines previously undocumented wall drawings produced by Sol LeWitt in the Torre Bonomo in Spoleto in 1976. Using a psychoanalytic framework derived in part from the writings of Adrian Stokes, Holmboe argues for the existence of an “architectural unconscious” in LeWitt's practice and for the crucial importance of architecture to our understanding of Conceptual art more broadly. The essay further explores the choreographic dimensions of LeWitt's work and its autobiographical impulse.
Exclusion of Anemone tetrasepala (Ranunculaceae) from the flora of China
Authors: YUAN QIONG , REN CHEN , YANG QIN-ER
Published: November 2018

We demonstrate that all the Xizang (Tibet) specimens previously identified as Anemone tetrasepala (Ranunculaceae) actually belong to A. elongata, a species distributed in east Himalaya. Anemone tetrasepala is not known to occur in China, but is confined to north-west Himalaya only.
Akanthomyces araneogenum, a new Isaria-like araneogenous species
Authors: CHEN WAN-HAO , LIU CHANG , HAN YAN-FENG , LIANG JIAN-DONG , LIANG ZONG-QI
Published: November 2018

During a survey of araneogenous fungi from Guizhou Province, China, a new species, Akanthomyces araneogenum, was isolated from a spider, Araneus sp. It differs from other Akanthomyces species by its spider host, Isaria-like conidiogenous structure, and mostly globose and smaller conidia (1.6–2.2 μm). Multi-locus (ITS, LSU, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF) phylogenetic analysis confirmed that A. araneogenum is distinct from other species. The new species is formally described and illustrated, and compared with similar species.
Diplazium thailandicum (Athyriaceae), a new fern from Thailand
Authors: POLLAWATN ROSSARIN , PONGKAI PUTTAMON , ZHANG LIANG , BOONKERD THAWEESAKDI
Published: November 2018

A new fern species, Diplazium thailandicum (Athyriaceae), is described. It was discovered from the North of Thailand. It is distinguished from the most similar species, D. chioui and D. lobatum, in having a pinnatisect base of the terminal pinna, 5–8 pairs of oblong lateral pinnae with stalk < 5 mm, and sori curved, 0.5–0.7 cm long, and borne half way between midribs and margins.
Paraxenylla norvegica sp. nov., the most northern species of the genus (Collembola, Hypogastruridae)
Authors: FJELLBERG ARNE
Published: November 2018

The genus Paraxenylla so far has nine described species (Queroz & Deharveng 2008). All the species, except one, live in marine littoral environments and probably feed on algae and diatoms (Palacios-Vargas & Janssens 2006). One species is cosmopolitan, the others are living in warm parts of the world (Peru, Cuba, Mexico, New Caledonia, Gambia, Japan). P. sooretamensis Queiroz & Deharveng, 2008 was described from an inland forest in Brazil. The cosmopolitan species, P. affiniformis (Stach, 1930), is found north to the German coast. A new Norwegian species breaks both the southern distributional pattern and the morphological conformity of the genus.
The milliped family Trichopetalidae, Part 2: The genera Trichopetalum, Zygonopus and Scoterpes (Diplopoda: Chordeumatida, Cleidogonoidea)
Authors: SHEAR WILLIAM A.
Published: November 2018

The genera Trichopetalum Harger, 1872, Zygonopus Ryder, 1881 and Scoterpes Cope, 1872 are revised. Illustrations are provided for all but one species, and distributions are mapped. The first known authentic chordeumatidan spermatophores are described for Trichopetalum dux (Chamberlin), 1940. The production of a sticky secretion from the bases of the segmental setae, possibly defensive in function, is also described. The new subfamily Mexiterpetinae is established for the genus Mexiterpes Causey, 1963; the remaining genera of Trichopetalidae are grouped in subfamily Trichopetalinae Verhoeff, 1914 (tribe Scoterpetini Causey, 1969, n. syn.). Trichopetalum consists of seven species, all surface-dwelling or troglophilic: lunatum Harger, 1872, uncum Cook & Collins, 1895, dux (Chamberlin), 1940, montis Chamberlin, 1951, stannardi (Causey), 1951, dickbrucei n. sp. and jerryblatti n. sp. Zygonopus is resurrected from synonymy with Trichopetalum; it contains four troglobiotic species: whitei Ryder, 1881 (for which a neotype specimen is designated), krekeleri Causey, 1960, packardi Causey, 1960 and weyeriensis Causey, 1960. Scoterpes likewise is made up entirely of troglobiotic species, including copei (Packard), 1881, austrinus Loomis, 1943, nudus Chamberlin, 1946, ventus Shear, 1972, syntheticus (Shear), 1972, sollmani Lewis, 2000, and the following new species: alabama, hesperus, jackdanieli, musicarustica, stewartpecki, tombarri, tricorner and willreevesi. It is likely that at least S. copei and S. ventus are “superspecies,” consisting of numerous genetically isolated populations, which await study with molecular and/or morphometric methods.
Revision of the genus Ganguilus Navás (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae) with descriptions of three new species
Authors: MICHEL BRUNO , MANSELL MERVYN W.
Published: November 2018

The genus Ganguilus Navás, 1912 is revised. Ganguilus pallescens Navás, G. oblitus (Navás) (comb. n.), G. flavipennis (Navás) (comb. n.), G. pulchellus (Banks) (comb. n.) and G. imperator (Navás) (comb. n.) are redescribed. Three new species, G. veniae sp. n., G. indicus sp. n. and G. rex sp. n. are described. Ganguilus flavipennis stat. n. and G. oblitus stat. n., formerly synonymized with G. pallescens, are reinstated as valid taxa, while G. insignis (Navás) and an unidentified species are mentioned as incertae sedis. A key to the species is provided.
The genus Manota Williston (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) in New Zealand
Authors: JASCHHOF MATHIAS , JASCHHOF CATRIN
Published: November 2018

Manota spp. are quite common in all kinds of indigenous forest in New Zealand. Five species are present: M. maorica Edwards, M. granvillensis sp. n., M. birgitae sp. n., M. purakaunui sp. n., and M. regineae sp. n. They can be distinguished from one another by male genitalic characters, in particular those of gonostylus. New Zealand Manota form a monophyletic group though their relationship to Manota spp. outside New Zealand is unclear.
Review of the Oriental bamboo delphacid genus Neobelocera Ding & Yang (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae) with the description of one new species
Authors: HOU XIAO-HUI , CHEN XIANG-SHENG
Published: November 2018

Species in the Oriental bamboo delphacid genus Neobelocera Ding & Yang, 1986 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Delphacidae: Delphacinae: Tropidocephalini) are reviewed. The genus consists of 6 species: N. asymmetrica Ding & Yang, 1986 (Yunnan: Jinghong), N. zhejiangensis (Zhu, 1988) (Zhejiang: Hangzhou, Anhui: Langyashan), N. hanyinensis Qin & Yuan, 1998 (Shaanxi: Hanyin), N. lanpingensis Chen, 2003 (Yunnan: Lanping), N. laterospina Chen & Liang, 2005 (Hunan: Zhangjiajie) and N. lii Hou & Chen, sp. nov. (Guangdong: Guangzhou, Zhuhai; Hainan: Diaoluoshan). The generic characteristics are redefined. The main morphological characters, male genitalia of 6 species and female genitalia of 3 species are described or redescribed and illustrated (excluding N. asymmetrica, N. zhejiangensis, and N. hanyinensis). A key to species in the genus is provided.
Taxonomic re-assessment of the Australian and New Guinean green-eyed treefrogs Litoria eucnemis, L. genimaculata and L. serrata (Anura: Hylidae)
Authors: RICHARDS STEPHEN J. , HOSKIN CONRAD J. , CUNNINGHAM MICHAEL J. , MCDONALD KEITH , DONNELLAN STEPHEN C.
Published: November 2018

The green-eyed treefrogs (Litoria eucnemis species-group) are found throughout New Guinea and some of its offshore islands, and in two geographically separated regions in north-eastern Queensland, Australia. We examine the genetic relationships among populations of the complex from across its range and find that populations fall into two major lineages: 1) specimens referable to L. genimaculata from New Guinea and its offshore islands, and L. exophthalmia, and 2) samples referable to L. eucnemis from New Guinea and northern Cape York, Australia, and two lineages from the Wet Tropics of north-eastern Australia that are currently assigned to L. genimaculata. Based on our molecular genetic analyses, morphological assessment of new collections and re-examination of type material, we retain L. eucnemis as currently recognised for northern Cape York populations but resurrect the name L. serrata for the Wet Tropics populations. The degree of reproductive isolation between the two Wet Tropics lineages is being studied currently and so at this point we refer both to L. serrata. The degree of genetic variation observed in L. genimaculata across New Guinea locations and possible paraphyly with L. exophthalmia suggest the presence of additional undescribed species. Reexamination of type material and collection of new specimens, allow us to reassess the status of several other names currently synonymised with L. eucnemis and L. genimaculata. Our observations support the present synonymy of Hyla rhacophorus with L. eucnemis and we remove Nyctimystes loveridgei from the synonymy of L. genimaculata and place it in the synonymy of L. eucnemis.
On the Planopilumnidae Serène, 1984 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pseudozioidea), with diagnoses of two new pilumnoid genera for species previously assigned to Planopilumnus Balss, 1933
Authors: NG PETER K. L.
Published: November 2018

The taxonomy of the planopilumnid Planopilumnus Balss, 1933 (type species Pilumnus spongiosus Nobili, 1905) (Pseudozioidea), is revised. A junior synonym, Rathbunaria Ward, 1933 (type species Rathbunaria sculptissima Ward, 1933)), is resurrected. Five species, Pilumnus labyrinthicus Miers, 1884, Pilumnus vermiculatus A. Milne-Edwards, 1873, Pilumnus penicillatus Gordon, 1930, Planopilumnus minabensis Sakai, 1969, and Planopilumnus pygmaeus Takeda, 1977, which have been described in or transferred to Planopilumnus, are here shown to be pilumnids (Pilumnoidea). Two new genera, Vellumnus and Colerolumnus, are established to accommodate these species.
Phylogenetic position of the takin (Budorcas taxicolor) and the yak (Bos grunniens) within the family Bovidae
Authors: WU SHAOBIN , ZHANG XIUYUE , YUE BISONG , ZENG BO , RAN JIANGHONG
Published: November 2018

The takin (Budorcas taxicolor) is a rare mammal endemic to the Asian Continent, with differing opinions regarding its taxonomic status. In order to clarify its evolutionary position within Bovidae, we sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome of a takin (B.t. bedfordi) sampled from Tangjiahe Nature Reserve in Sichuan Province, China, and reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships of eleven species within Bovidae based on 12 heavy-strand encoded protein-coding genes. The results indicated that (a) the takin shared a close relationship with the aoudad (Ammotragus lervia) and sheep (Ovis aries), and was most closely related to caprines; (b) the Bos genus did not exhibit a monophyletic structure, in which the yak (Bos grunniens) was closely linked to American bison (Bison bison). Combined with other DNA data, morphological evidence and paleontological data, we strongly support the designation of Poephagus for the yak, and yak should be nominated as Poephagus mutus or Poephagus grunniens.
Lizards at the end of the world: Two new species of Phymaturus of the patagonicus clade (Squamata, Liolaemidae) revealed in southern Patagonia of Argentina
Authors: SCOLARO JOSÉ ALEJANDRO , PINCHEIRA-DONOSO DANIEL
Published: November 2018

The Liolaemidae radiation has resulted in three genera whose patterns of evolutionary diversification exhibit dramatic differences. Two of these lineages, Ctenoblepharys and Liolaemus, lay at the extremes, being a monotypic genus and one of the most extraordinary adaptive radiations among vertebrates, respectively. In Phymaturus, in contrast, 22 species are known, all characterized by similar ecological niches and life-history patterns. The Phymaturus genus consists of two major clades, flagellifer and patagonicus, restricted to Andean-Patagonian environments in Argentina and Chile. While the former lineage occurs primarily at the northern areas of the genus distribution, the latter mostly occupies central and southern Patagonia. In this study, we report evidence to support the existence of two new species of the genus belonging to the austral clade patagonicus. These new taxa, Phymaturus castillensis and Phymaturus videlai, occur close to the southernmost distributional limit known for the entire genus. At these austral latitudes, only two other species of the genus, P. indistinctus and P. patagonicus, have been found. Therefore, the two new species reported herein reveal a higher species richness at these cold and harsh South American environments, where the predominant lineage is Liolaemus. As in the rest of the species of the Phymaturus genus, P. castillensis and P. videlai are saxicolous, herbivorous, and viviparous, as revealed by our field and lab observations. A number of signals support the idea that these two Phymaturus populations are the result of speciation events. Essentially, both are strongly isolated by hundreds of kilometers from most species of the patagonicus clade, which precludes dynamic gene exchange among them, while substantial divergence in their patterns of coloration differentiate them from the two geographically closest species, P. indistinctus and P. patagonicus, and from each other. The differences in coloration are not, however, strongly accentuated between the sexes, being monochromatic in P. castillensis and moderately dichromatic in P. videlai. Interestingly, juveniles P. videlai exhibit also these signals of adult sexual dichromatism. Finally, the results reported in this study increase Phymaturus species richness up to 24 species.
Name-bearing Types of Lepidoptera (Insecta), excluding Rhopalocera, in the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh
Authors: BLAND KEITH P.
Published: November 2018

This article documents the primary (49 species) and secondary (19 species) type material of moths (Lepidoptera: Insecta) present in the collections of the National Museums of Scotland, Edinburgh. Only the primary types (i.e., holotypes and syntypes) are detailed in full and, under their respective authors, these are: K.P.Bland Crypsithyris FALCOVALVA; J.Clayton Beggeria BICORNIS, Phazaca NAKULA, Palpita SPINOSA, Palpita VITIENSIS; G.F.Hampson (1860–1936) Tarache FASCIALIS, Eustrotia OZARBICA; W.J.Kaye (1875–1967) Hydrias ALBIOCHREA, Hypena BRODESCENS, Pococera BRUNNAPEX, Rifargia BRUNNIPENNIS, Lamontia CALIBANA, Plusiodonta CUPRISTRIA, Samea DELICATA, Syngria DELICATA, Mydropastea DISPARATA, Phostria DUPLICATA, Lephana EXCISATA, Sisyrosea GUAICA, Sanys IMPLACATA, Eucalypetra INSUETALIS, Phastia MARICOLOR, Epitomiptera MARMORATA, Parangitia MICAPENNIS, Bryolimnia MONODONTA, Hyalosticta NAPARIMALIS, Sylepta [sic] NIGRALIS, Parangitia NIGROFULGENS, Dicentria NONDESCRIPTA, Metalectra PIPERATA, Sylepta [sic] SEMINIGRALIS, Claphe SIMILAVIS, Redara [sic] TINCTURALIS, Acrolophus TRETUS; J.H.Leech (1862–1900) Percnia FUMIDARIA, Percnia GRISEARIA, Mastigophorus OCHREISTIGMA; F.Moore (1830–1907) Polythlipta DIVARICATA, Artona QUADRIMACULATA; E.C.Pelham-Clinton (1920–1988) Parornix LEUCOSTOLA, Bucculatrix MEREI; D.Povolńy Scrobipalpa CLINTONI; A.R.Richardson (1904–1981) Cleora cinctaria BOWESI, Eumichtis lichenea SCILLONEA, Anaitis plagiata SCOTICA, Chesias rufata SCOTICA; E.P.Wiltshire (1910–2004) Teracotona MURTAFAA, Eublemma MUSCATENSIS, Scopula caesaria WALKEROS.
Acropimpla Townes from China (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae), with key to Chinese fauna and descriptions of two new species
Authors: LIU JING-XIAN , HE JUN-HUA , CHEN XUE-XIN
Published: November 2018

The Chinese Acropimpla Townes from the Parasitic Hymenoptera Collection of Zhejiang University were studied and fifteen species recognized, with two new species proposed, A. laevituberculata sp. nov. and A. taishunensis sp. nov., and three new records to China, A. punctata Baltazar, A. aspera Gupta et Tikar, and A. didyma (Gravenhorst), and with ten species were previously known for the Chinese fauna as follows, A. emmiltosa Kusigemati, A. hapaliae (Rao), A. leucostoma (Cameron), A. nakula Gupta et Tikar, A. nigrescens nigrescens (Cushman), A. persimilis (Ashmead), A. pictipes (Gravenhorst), A. poorva Gupta et Tikar, A. tricolor Kusigemati and A. uchidai (Cushman). An illustrated key to the Chinese species is provided, based on female characters.
Status of Batakomacrus Kolarov (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Orthocentrinae), with new generic combinations and description of a new species
Authors: BROAD GAVIN R.
Published: November 2018

Batakomacrus Kolarov, 1986 is redefined and Orthocentrus flaviceps Gravenhorst, 1829 and O. caudatus Holmgren, 1858 transferred to Batakomacrus (both new combinations); B. crassicaudatus Kolarov, 1986 is proposed as a junior synonym of B. caudatus syn. nov., and B. noyesi n.sp. is described from English and Scottish specimens. Keys to the species of Batakomacrus and to the genera of the Orthocentrus genus-group are provided. The extendable metasoma and ovipositor of Batakomacrus are illustrated and the possible phylogenetic significance of some character states are discussed. A preliminary phylogenetic analysis of representative Orthocentrus group species provides some evidence for the monophyly of all genera in the Orthocentrus group except for Stenomacrus, which is evidently paraphyletic as currently defined. Orthocentrus daucus Gauld, 1984 and O. excalibur Gauld, 1984 are transferred to Stenomacrus (both new combinations). Batakomacrus probably represents a rather basal clade within the Orthocentrus group but the character evidence for this is weak.
When Collective Bargaining Leads to Inequality: Determinants of Two-Tier Provisions in Canadian Collective Agreements
Authors: Laroche Mélanie , Lauzon Duguay Frédéric , Jalette Patrice
Published: November 2018

This study examines two-tier provisions—a form of labor segmentation in firms that is increasingly formalized in collective agreements. Drawing on a large population of Canadian collective agreements from the private sector, the authors show that the adoption of these provisions is related more to industrial relations context than to economic uncertainty. Also, depending on whether the two-tier provisions focus on compensation or on job security, their determinants operate dissimilarly. This study contributes to labor market segmentation theory by showing the circumstances under which collective bargaining can marginalize newly hired workers in the primary labor market, namely, weak union power, pressures from sectoral comparisons, employer use of concessionary tactics and, ironically, collective agreements featuring advantageous working conditions.
Who Climbs the Academic Ladder? Race and Gender Stratification in a World of Whiteness
Authors: Moore Kyle K. , Cid-Martinez Ismael , Toney Jermaine , Smith Jason A. , Kalb Amber C. , Shin Jean H. , Spalter-Roth Roberta M.
Published: November 2018

Under-represented minority (URM) faculty can expand the range of perspectives taught to students, but only if they are hired, granted tenure, and promoted. Their career paths can be constrained due to a stratification process that appears to legitimate a non-Hispanic White male set of rules and practices, including value neutrality and objectivity. This article measures specific aspects of human and social capital and their relationship to academic stratification in two social science disciplines, economics and sociology. Here, we measure stratification by the distribution of academic rank and examine differences based on discipline, institution type, race/ethnicity, gender, and publications in terms of academic career success. Our data are unique because they are gathered from multiple secondary sources. One contribution of this article is to measure social capital as a “two worlds” phenomenon, taken from W. E. B. Du Bois. Not surprisingly, we find that “publish or perish” still rules. Conversely, URM-oriented social capital, which can provide a safe space and opportunities to collaborate on scholarly work, is not significant. But, it may be related to feelings of satisfaction and inclusion. The only exceptions are URM-oriented sections in sociology. The article concludes with a series of policy recommendations to support URM faculty members in their careers.
Fundamental Frequency in Excised Human Larynges after Anterior Glottic Web Formation of Various Extents
Authors: Pinheiro Thais Gonçalves , Ishikawa Camila Cristina , Imamura Rui , Frizzarini Ronaldo , Montagnoli Arlindo Neto , Tsuji Domingos Hiroshi
Published: November 2018

Objective

To determine the effect of vocal fold anterior web formation on fundamental frequency with a cadaveric excised larynx model.

Study Design

Experimental study with excised human larynges.

Setting

Academic tertiary care hospital.

Subjects and Methods

Sixteen freshly excised human larynges were evaluated with high‐speed videoendoscopy and digital kymography during artificially produced vibration. Each larynx was assessed in 4 conditions: preoperative controls and after 25%, 33%, and 50% decreases in the vibratory portion of the vocal folds. The following parameters were evaluated: fundamental frequency, periodicity, vocal fold vibration amplitude, phase symmetry, and glottic closure.

Results

The mean fundamental frequencies were 208.87, 250.20, 292.37, and 342.67 Hz for preoperative controls and 25%, 33%, and 50% reductions in vibratory length of the vocal folds, respectively. Fundamental frequency increased with each increase in anterior glottic web extent, and the difference among the groups was statistically significant in absolute values in hertz and in semitone elevation. The mathematical models for estimating postoperative fundamental frequency had a statistically significant coefficient. The vibration of the vocal folds remained periodic in all larynges before and after the procedures.

Conclusion

There was a significant and progressive increase in the fundamental frequency with each enlargement of anterior glottic web. Based on the control frequency, mathematical models could estimate the value of the fundamental frequency after the procedure.
Health Care Costs and Cost‐effectiveness in Laryngotracheal Stenosis
Authors: Yin Linda X. , Padula William V. , Gadkaree Shekhar , Motz Kevin , Rahman Sabrina , Predmore Zachary , Gelbard Alexander , Hillel Alexander T.
Published: November 2018

Objective

Laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS) is resource‐intensive disease. The cost‐effectiveness of LTS treatments has not been adequately explored. We aimed to conduct a cost‐effectiveness analysis comparing open reconstruction (cricotracheal/tracheal resection [CTR/TR]) with endoscopic dilation in the treatment of LTS.

Study Design

Retrospective cohort.

Setting

Tertiary referral center (2013‐2017).

Subjects and Methods

Thirty‐four LTS patients were recruited. Annual costs were derived from the Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University. Cost‐effectiveness analysis compared CTR/TR versus endoscopic dilation at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $50,000 per quality‐adjusted life year (QALY) over 5‐ and 10‐year time horizons. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated with deterministic analysis and tested for sensitivity with univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analysis.

Results

Mean LTS costs were $4080.09 (SE, $569.29) annually for related health care visits. The major risk factor for increased cost was etiology of stenosis. As compared with idiopathic patients, patients with intubation‐related stenosis had significantly higher annual costs ($5286.56 vs $2873.62, P =. 03). The cost of CTR/TR was $8583.91 (SE, $2263.22). Over a 5‐year time horizon, CTR/TR gained $896 per QALY over serial dilations and was cost‐effective. Over a 10‐year time horizon, CTR/TR dominated dilations with a lower cost and higher QALY.

Conclusion

The cost of treatment for LTS is significant. Patients with intubation‐related stenosis have significantly higher annual costs than do idiopathic patients. CTR/TR contributes significantly to cost in LTS but is cost‐effective versus endoscopic dilations for appropriately selected patients over a 5‐ and 10‐year horizon.
Risk factors for acute liver failure among inpatients with anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Wang Shuting , Shangguan Yanwan , Ding Cheng , Li Pengcheng , Ji Zhongkang , Shao Jundan , Fang Hong , Yang Meifang , Shi Pei , Wu Jie , Ren Jingjing , Yang Shigui , Yuan Jing , Shi Yunzhen , Li Jingnan , Li Lanjuan , Xu Kaijin
Published: November 2018

Objective

To analyze the clinical and laboratory features and determine the predictors of acute liver failure (ALF) among inpatients with anti-tuberculosis (TB) drug-induced liver injury (DILI).

Method

Patients diagnosed with anti-TB DILI from 2010 to 2016 at The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University were retrospectively included in this study. Demographic and clinical data were collected by reviewing electronic medical records.

Results

Among 155 inpatients with anti-TB DILI, 55 (35.48%) developed ALF, with an overall mortality of 9.68%. The median time to DILI onset was significantly longer in the ALF compared with the non-ALF group (51 versus 24 days). Eighty-three patients (53.55%) developed DILI (53.55%) within the first month of anti-TB treatment, and 60% of ALF cases occurred within 2 months. Multivariable models for ALF incorporating aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, platelets, white blood cell count, and pre-existing hepatitis yielded a concordance (C-statistic) of 98.93%.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that approximately half of all cases of DILI occur within the first month, while 60% of ALF cases occur within 2 months. Elevated total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, white blood cell count, pre-existing hepatitis, and low platelet count are independent risk factors for the development of anti-TB drug-induced ALF.
Cannabis Prevalence and National Drug Policy in 27 Countries: An Analysis of Adolescent Substance Use
Authors: Kotlaja Marijana M. , Carson Jennifer V.
Published: November 2018

Prior research that assesses the relationship between cannabis policy and prevalence rates has yielded mixed results, perhaps due to the varying rigor of these investigations. Addressing some of these issues in rigor and informed by a rational choice theory (RCT), we hypothesize that those policies on the more punitive end of McDonald and colleagues’ classification will be most effective. Examining legislation in 27 countries utilizing the Second International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD-2) through hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) models with both individual- and country-level controls, we find little support for these hypotheses. Instead, results from our analysis largely indicate that the variation in country prevalence rates from 2005 to 2007 was not significantly related to cannabis control policy. We comment on possible policy implications for these preliminary results.
Clinically Meaningful Improvement After Treatment of Cartilage Defects of the Knee With Osteochondral Grafts
Authors: Wang Dean , Chang Brenda , Coxe Francesca R. , Pais Mollyann D. , Wickiewicz Thomas L. , Warren Russell F. , Rodeo Scott A. , Williams Riley J.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Mosaicplasty and fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) are popular cartilage restoration techniques that involve the single-stage implantation of viable, mature hyaline cartilage–bone dowels into chondral lesions of the knee. Recently, there has been greater focus on what represents a clinically relevant change in outcomes reporting, and commonly applied metrics for measuring clinical significance include the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and substantial clinical benefit (SCB).

Purpose:

To define the MCID and SCB after mosaicplasty or OCA for the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective form and Knee Outcome Survey–Activities of Daily Living (KOS-ADL) and to determine patient factors that are predictive of achieving the MCID and SCB after mosaicplasty or OCA.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

An institutional cartilage registry was reviewed to identify patients who underwent mosaicplasty or OCA. The decision to perform either mosaicplasty or OCA was generally based on chondral defect size. The IKDC and KOS-ADL were administered preoperatively and at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively. Patient responses to the outcome measures were aggregated, and the MCID and SCB of these outcome scores were calculated with anchor-based methods. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex was performed to identify patient factors predictive of achieving the MCID and SCB.

Results:

Of the 372 eligible patients, 151 (41%) were lost to follow-up, 46 (12%) had incomplete preoperative outcome scores and 2 were treated with OCA of the tibia and therefore excluded. In total, 173 knees were analyzed (n = 173 patients; mean age, 33.0 years; 37% female). Seventy-five (43%) and 98 (57%) knees were treated with mosaicplasty and OCA, respectively. The mean ± SD MCIDs for the IKDC and KOS-ADL were 17 ± 3.9 and 10 ± 3.7, respectively. The SCBs for the IKDC and KOS-ADL were 30 ± 6.9 and 17 ± 3.9, respectively. Univariate analysis demonstrated no association between procedure (mosaicplasty or OCA) and likelihood of achieving the MCID or SCB. In the multivariate analysis, lower preoperative IKDC and KOS-ADL scores, higher preoperative Marx Activity Rating Scale scores, lower preoperative 36-Item Short Form Health Survey pain scores, and a history of ≤1 prior ipsilateral knee surgical procedure were predictive of achieving the MCID and/or SCB.

Conclusion:

These values can be used to define a clinically meaningful improvement for future outcome studies. For surgeons considering mosaicplasty or OCA for their patients, these results can help guide clinical decision making and manage patient expectations before surgery.
Identifying Imperatives for an Effective Nutrition Surveillance Policy Framework for Maternal and Child Health in Lesotho
Authors: Mugomeri Eltony
Published: November 2018

Background:

Surveillance of nutrition indicators is critical for informing nutrition policies and programs. The failure by many sub-Saharan countries to maintain functional surveillance systems for maternal and child health (MCH) hampers their capacity to achieve the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals relevant for MCH. The nutrition surveillance system (NSS) for MCH in the southern African country of Lesotho is no exception to this problem despite the country having some of the highest maternal and child mortality ratios globally.

Objective:

The study reviewed Lesotho’s quantitative nutrition surveillance data and qualitatively analyzed the structure and functionality of Lesotho’s NSS to identify imperatives for an effective nutrition surveillance policy framework for MCH in the country.

Methods:

Descriptive quantitative analyses were based on NSS data and nationally representative Lesotho Demographic and Health Survey (LDHS) data while qualitative analysis on data obtained through interviews with purposefully selected key informants working in the NSS of Lesotho was based on grounded theory.

Results:

Nutrition surveillance system data were inconsistently compiled across Lesotho’s 10 districts, while LDHS data suggested that stunting, maternal anemia, child overweight, and low birth weight remain high. Challenges with the NSS were linked to poor coordination of the NSS due to an indistinct organogram of nutrition offices and poor cooperation among stakeholders in the NSS.

Conclusions:

To improve the NSS in Lesotho, the most critical imperative is to capacitate the Food & Nutrition Coordinating Office which in turn should create distinct nutrition offices yet with adequate cooperation and clear benchmarks for monitoring and evaluation of the NSS.
Sexual Assault and Cancer Screening Among Men and Women
Authors: Alcalá Héctor E. , Keim-Malpass Jessica , Mitchell Emma M.
Published: November 2018

Emerging research has shown that experiences of sexual violence are associated with cancer screening behaviors. However, to date, little attention has been given to the impact of sexual assault on cancer screening behaviors, particularly among men. To address this, we used data from the 2014 Kansas Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. This survey is conducted annually via telephone. Logistic regressions were used to calculate odds of ever engaging (i.e., lifetime) in specific screening behaviors (clinical breast exam [CBE], mammogram, Pap test, colonoscopy/sigmoidoscopy, fecal occult blood test and prostate-specific antigen [PSA] test) and current compliance with cancer screening recommendations (CBE, mammogram, Pap test, colorectal cancer screening, and PSA test), with lifetime sexual assault as the independent variables. Colorectal cancer screening models were stratified by gender. All models adjusted for confounders. Sexual assault was associated with lower odds of ever receiving a PSA test and, for women, higher odds of ever receiving a colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. Sexual assault was associated with lower odds of current compliance with CBE, mammogram, Pap test, and PSA test screening recommendations. A history of sexual assault was associated with lower odds of current compliance with cancer screening procedures, with the notable exception of colorectal cancer screening. Less consistent patterns were seen for lifetime screenings. Results suggest that alternatives to currently recommended procedures (like self-collection of HPV [human papilloma virus] DNA) or modified screening procedures may be a promising route to increase current compliance with cancer screening among a population that may avoid these procedures due to pain or fear of retraumatization.
Therapeutically (Un)Just Interactions in Family Court Proceedings
Authors: Dollar Cindy Brooks
Published: November 2018

Court systems have a unique and powerful impact on the lives of persons who enter into them. In recognition of some of the deleterious effects of traditional court models, scholars and practitioners advocate for alternative court processes, especially through the implementation of specialty courts. Family court is a type of specialized court, which handles legal disputes among family members. The stated mission of family courts reflects notions of therapeutic jurisprudence; however, scarce research examines if therapeutic jurisprudence is actually practiced in family court settings. Using 12 months of observational data of over 100 hearings, the present study assesses the extent to which principles of therapeutic jurisprudence are apparent in court proceedings. I find that although therapeutically just interactions are common in family court, some encounters remain antitherapeutic or damaging. The implication of family court’s current operation within the broader “justice” system is discussed.
Itaconic acid–doped polyaniline/MWCNTs nanocomposites for microwave absorbing materials
Authors: Wang Yanmin , Liu Aiping , Han Yongqin , Li Tingxi , Jin Tao , Zhang Jianlan , Ma Yong , Zhang Jun
Published: November 2018

Itaconic acid–doped polyaniline (PANI)/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites were prepared via in situ polymerization for microwave absorbing materials. The interaction between PANI and MWCNTs and the influence of MWCNTs loadings on the properties of their nanocomposites were investigated by various measurements, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and network analyzer. The electron delocalization in the composites is associated with the π–π* interaction between the surface of MWCNTs and the quinoid rings of PANI. The conductivity, crystallinity, and thermal stability of the nanocomposites with different morphologies have been increased due to the introduction of different MWCNTs loadings. Moreover, the microwave-absorbing property of itaconic acid-doped PANI in the reflection loss value and in different frequency areas is improved by the incorporation of MWCNTs. The nanocomposites are promising candidates in microwave absorption applications.
Vegetation dynamics in response to climate change from the wetlands of Western Himalaya, India: Holocene Indian summer monsoon variability
Authors: Quamar M Firoze
Published: November 2018

India’s agricultural output, economy and societal well-being are strappingly dependent on the stability of the southwest summer monsoon precipitation, its variability and extremes. Deviations in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) precipitation may profoundly impact the agricultural productivity and gross domestic product (GDP) of the country. Understanding the spatiotemporal dynamics of the ISM precipitation during the Holocene is significant in many respects, particularly in terms of human development and establishment of centres of civilisations. Here, pollen records of the variability in ISM precipitation and their interpretation in terms of vegetation and climate change from two wetlands (Gharana and Nanga; Ramsar sites) of the Western Himalaya (India) is presented. The results suggest that between ~8536 and 5296 cal yr BP, mixed conifer/broad-leaved forests occurred in the Jammu region (Gharana Wetland sediment profile) under a cool and dry climate, probably indicating decreased monsoon precipitation. Subsequently, they were succeeded by mixed broad-leaved/conifer forests between ~5296 and 2776 cal yr BP under a warm and humid climate with increased monsoon precipitation, partly corresponding to the Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO). Between ~2776 and 1376 cal yr BP, with more expansion of broad-leaved forest elements in response to a warm and more humid climate the dense mixed broad-leaved/conifer forests came into existence in the region, indicating a further increase in monsoon precipitation. From ~1376 cal yr BP to present, the climate deteriorated, as manifested by the replacement of dense mixed broad-leaved/conifer forests by mixed conifer/broad-leaved forests in the region. The palaeoclimatic inferences drawn from the Nanga Wetland sediment profile of Samba District match with the Gharana Wetland sediment profile of Jammu District for the late-Holocene. This study provides insights into the vegetation dynamics, associated climate change and the ISM variability from the poorly understood wetland ecosystems of Southeast Asia during the Holocene.
Bioartificial Organ Manufacturing Technologies
Authors: Wang Xiaohong
Published: November 2018

Bioartificial organ manufacturing technologies are a series of enabling techniques that can be used to produce human organs based on bionic principles. During the last ten years, significant progress has been achieved in the development of various organ manufacturing technologies. According to the degree of automation, organ manufacturing technologies can be divided into three main groups: (1) fully automated; (2) semi-automated; (3) handworked (or handmade); each has the advantages and disadvantages for bioartificial organ manufacturing. One of the most promising bioartificial organ manufacturing technologies is to use combined multi-nozzle three-dimensional printing techniques to automatically assemble personal cells along with other biomaterials to build exclusive organ substitutes for defective/failed human organs. This is the first time that advanced bioartificial organ manufacturing technologies have been reviewed. These technologies hold the promise to greatly improve the quality of health and average lifespan of human beings in the near future.
Improving Classroom Management Issues Through Your Carefully Chosen Approaches and Prompts
Authors: Robison Tiger
Published: November 2018

Different teachers can have widely varying classroom management results with the same set of students. There are some explanations for this occurrence, but one explanation that most people could agree on is the teachers’ language they use with their students. This column, the second in a series about classroom management issues, is about which approaches and prompts are effective for preventing and quelling undesirable behavior. Specific topics include the intersection of culturally responsive teaching and classroom management, fostering respect among students, and using more assertive but still respectful prompts with students.
Sextortion Among Adolescents: Results From a National Survey of U.S. Youth
Authors: Patchin Justin W. , Hinduja Sameer
Published: November 2018

Sextortion is the threatened dissemination of explicit, intimate, or embarrassing images of a sexual nature without consent, usually for the purpose of procuring additional images, sexual acts, money, or something else. Despite increased public interest in this behavior, it has yet to be empirically examined among adolescents. The current study fills this gap by exploring the prevalence of sextortion behaviors among a nationally representative sample of 5,568 U.S. middle and high school students. Approximately 5% of students reported that they had been the victim of sextortion, while about 3% admitted to threatening others who had shared an image with them in confidence. Males and nonheterosexual youth were more likely to be targeted, and males were more likely to target others. Moreover, youth who threatened others with sextortion were more likely to have been victims themselves. Implications for future research, as well as the preventive role that youth-serving professionals can play, are discussed.
Victim Crossover Index Offending Patterns and Predictors in a Portuguese Sample
Authors: Saramago Mariana A. , Cardoso Jorge , Leal Isabel
Published: November 2018

Sex offenders who cross over in victims’ age, gender and relationship usually have a greater number of victims, which is associated with sexual recidivism. This investigation aimed to examine the prevalence of crossover index offending in Portugal, and to explore the predictive ability of sociodemographic and criminological variables on this outcome. A retrospective sample of 247 male individuals incarcerated for sex offenses in a Portuguese prison was drawn from official records. From those offenders with multiple victims ( n = 94), 48% had victims of different age categories, 10% had both gendered victims, and 12% had intrafamilial and extrafamilial victims. Comparative statistics and logistic regressions were able to identify variables that distinguished noncrossover and crossover offenders and that predicted crossover, respectively. While likely underestimates of the prevalence of victim crossover, these findings are compared to previous international studies and provide a better understanding of the phenomenon.
Sentinel vascular access monitoring after endovascular intervention predicts access outcome
Authors: Kumbar Lalathaksha , Peterson Ed , Zaborowicz Matthew , Besarab Anatole , Yee Jerry , Zasuwa Gerard
Published: November 2018

Background and objectives:

The vascular access pressure ratio test identifies dialysis vascular access dysfunction when three consecutive vascular access pressure ratios are >0.55. We tested whether the magnitude of the decline in vascular access pressure ratio 1-week post-intervention could alert of subsequent access failure.

Design, setting, participants, and measurements:

The retrospective study included all vascular access procedures at one institution from March 2014 to June 2016. Data included demographics, comorbidities, vascular access features, %ΔVAPR = ((Pre-Post)/Pre] × 100% assessed within the first 2 weeks post-percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty, time-to-next procedure, and patency. The log-rank test compared the area under the curve, receiver operating curve, Kaplan–Meier arteriovenous graft and arteriovenous fistula survival curves. A multivariable Cox proportional hazard (CP) model was used to determine the association of %ΔVAPR with access patency.

Results:

Analysis of 138 subjects (females 51%; Black 87%) included 64 arteriovenous fistulas with 104 angioplasties and 74 arteriovenous grafts with 134 angioplasties. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for fistula failure at 3 months was 0.59, with optimal screening characteristics of 33.3%, sensitivity of 56.1%, and specificity of 63.2%. Arteriovenous fistula with <33.3% decline compared to >33.3% required earlier subsequent procedure (136 vs 231 days), lower survival on Kaplan–Meier analysis (P = 0.01), and twofold greater risk of failure (P = .006). Area under the receiver operating characteristic for arteriovenous graft failure at 3 months had a sensitivity of 52.3% and specificity of 67.4%. Arteriovenous graft with a post-intervention vascular access pressure ratio decline of <28.8% also required earlier subsequent procedure (144 vs 189 days), lower survival on Kaplan–Meier (P = 0.04), and a 59% higher risk for failure. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for combined access failure (arteriovenous fistula + arteriovenous graft) at 3 months had an optimal cut-point value of 31.2%, a sensitivity of 54.6%, and a specificity of 63.1%. Access with a <31.2% drop had a 62% increase in the risk of failure (hazard ratio 1.62; confidence interval 1.16, 2.27; P = 0.005).

Conclusion:

The magnitude of post-intervention reduction in vascular access pressure ratio provides a novel predictive measure of access outcomes.
Exploration of the Plasmodium falciparum Resistome and Druggable Genome Reveals New Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Antimalarial Targets
Authors: Cowell Annie , Winzeler Elizabeth
Published: November 2018

Plasmodium parasites, the causative agent of malaria infections, rapidly evolve drug resistance and escape detection by the human immune response via the incredible mutability of its genome. Understanding the genetic mechanisms by which Plasmodium parasites develop antimalarial resistance is essential to understanding why most drugs fail in the clinic and designing the next generation of therapies. A systematic genomic analysis of 262 Plasmodium falciparum clones with stable in vitro resistance to 37 diverse compounds with potent antimalarial activity was undertaken with the main goal of identifying new drug targets. Despite several challenges inherent to this method of in vitro drug resistance generation followed by whole genome sequencing, the study was able to identify a likely drug target or resistance gene for every compound for which resistant parasites could be generated. Known and novel P falciparum resistance mediators were discovered along with several new promising antimalarial drug targets. Surprisingly, gene amplification events contributed to one-third of the drug resistance acquisition events. The study can serve as a model for drug discovery and resistance analyses in other similar microbial pathogens amenable to in vitro culture.