bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Association Between Psychosocial Work Environment and Satisfaction With Old Age Care Among Care Recipients
Authors: Lundgren Dan , Ernsth Bravell Marie , Börjesson Ulrika , Kåreholt Ingemar
Published: June 2018

This study examines the association between nursing assistants’ perceptions of their psychosocial work environment and satisfaction among older people receiving care in nursing homes and home care. Cross-sectional surveys were conducted among people receiving care ( N = 1,535) and nursing assistants ( N = 1,132) in 45 nursing homes and 21 home care units within municipal old-age care. Better psychosocial work environment was related to higher satisfaction in old-age care among the recipients. Significant and stronger associations were more common in nursing homes than in home care. Perception of mastery and positive challenges at work were associated with higher recipient satisfaction both in home care and in nursing homes: social climate, perception of group work, perception of mastery, and positive challenges at work only in nursing homes. Findings suggest that recipient satisfaction may be increased by improving the psychosocial work environment for nursing assistants, both in nursing homes and in home care.
The Development of an Entrepreneurial Legacy: Exploring the Role of Anticipated Futures in Transgenerational Entrepreneurship
Authors: Barbera Francesco , Stamm Isabell , DeWitt Rocki-Lee
Published: June 2018

Entrepreneurial legacies play an important role in transgenerational entrepreneurship, yet little is known about their nature and development. Through a multilayered analysis of narratives drawn from three generations of a single business family, we document that entrepreneurial legacies feature both stable and fluid elements, and that forward-looking components in family storytelling—which we refer to as “anticipated futures”—affect this dynamic character. We further show how such narratives can prompt, sustain, and disrupt entrepreneurship across multiple generations. Our findings offer insights that refine our understanding of entrepreneurial legacies beyond mere projections of the past through secondhand imprinting.
Continuity of Specialty Pharmacy Practice: A Survey of PGY-2 Pharmacy Residency Graduates
Authors: Copenhaver Ardis M. , Haver Amy , Pickering Aaron J. , Campbell Ronald J. , Wilson Stephen A. , Jarrett Jennie B.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Literature regarding career trajectory for postgraduate year 2 (PGY-2) pharmacy residency specialty–trained pharmacists is limited.

Objective:

The objective of our study is to describe PGY-2 pharmacy residency training on career practice and satisfaction.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study surveyed graduates of PGY-2 pharmacy residency programs. Respondents were identified by current PGY-2 residency program directors requesting participation from their program alumni. The primary outcome was whether PGY-2 residency–trained pharmacists continued working within their specialty or not. Secondary outcomes included alternative specialty areas, current satisfaction with their specialty, and the necessity of completing a PGY-2.

Results:

Among 647 respondents, 84% completed their program in the past 6 years. The top 3 represented pharmacy specialties were critical care (19%), ambulatory care (14%), and oncology (13%). Most respondents continue to practice in the same specialty as their PGY-2 residency program (n = 572, 87%) compared with pharmacists who currently practice in other clinical specialties or areas of pharmacy (n = 83, 13%). Critical care (n = 28, 33%) had the largest specialty response no longer practicing in their PGY-2 residency program specialty with 42% (n = 12) now practicing within the emergency medicine specialty. The average satisfaction for their current specialty was 4.7 ± 0.82 (Likert scale of 1 = extremely dissatisfied to 5 = extremely satisfied).

Conclusions:

The vast majority PGY-2 pharmacy residency–trained pharmacists experienced training-practice concordance and are satisfied with their trained specialty. Among those with specialty training practice discordance, critical care training was most prevalent.
Perceived Benefits of Using Complementary and Alternative Medicine by Race/Ethnicity Among Midlife and Older Adults in the United States
Authors: Johnson Pamela Jo , Jou Judy , Rockwood Todd H. , Upchurch Dawn M.
Published: June 2018

Objective: To describe, for a national sample of midlife and older adults, the types of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) used for health and wellness and the perceived benefits of CAM use by race/ethnicity. Method: Using data from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey, we ran multiple logistic regression models to estimate the odds of each perceived benefit among adults ages 50 and older. Results: More than 38% of midlife and older adults used CAM in the past year. For six of seven perceived benefits examined, we found significant differences by race/ethnicity, with each group having higher odds of two or more perceived benefits compared with non-Hispanic Whites. Discussion: Although racial/ethnic minority groups are less likely to use CAM compared with non-Hispanic Whites, those who use CAM perceive great benefit. Future research should examine the potential contribution of evidence-based CAM to promoting health and well-being in a diverse aging population.
Unpacking the Category of Migrant Workers in Trade Union Research: A Multi-Level Approach to Migrant Intersectionalities
Authors: Tapia Maite , Alberti Gabriella
Published: June 2018

This article reflects on the theoretical and empirical challenges that arise when researching trade union strategies towards migrant workers. By bringing together the debates on migration and intersectionality in Employment Relations, the authors highlight the problems of conflating different experiences of migrants under a homogenous view of the ‘migrant worker’ and rather suggest to (1) take account of ‘migrant intersectionalities’ – including the category of migration status among other categorical differences in the workforce, and (2) to do so at different levels of the analysis (micro, meso and macro). This multi-level, intersectional approach we argue leads to a more nuanced understanding of the realities of migration at a time of major societal challenges for organized labour.
Transforming linear FDEs with rational orders into ODEs by modified differential operator multiplication method
Authors: Chen Y.M. , Chen Y.X. , Liu J.K.
Published: June 2018

This paper presents a modified differential operator multiplication (DOM) method for solving a certain class of fractional differential equations (FDEs), with emphasis on linear oscillators subjected to periodic excitation. The main idea of DOM is to transform the considered FDEs with rational order r/ m into rth-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs), herein r and m are positive integers. The transformation is realized by differentiating the FDEs stepwise with fractional-order r/m, until the rth-order derivative is reached due to the accumulative property for FDs. In the modified method, differently, first-order ODEs are deduced by transforming the FDEs with order r/m into 1 /m. In addition, we introduce auxiliary state space variables to represent the FDs of inhomogeneous terms such as triangle functions. Exact and explicit first-order ODEs are deduced and solved by the Runge–Kutta algorithm. To validate the modified DOM, we solve the fractional Kelvin-Voigt equation and harmonically excited oscillators with visco-elastic dampings. The presented method can provide highly accurate solution, at the expense of linearly increasing computational resources as the solution domain expands. Such high computation accuracy and efficiency would potentially enable the presented method to become a benchmark comparison for solving certain FDEs, especially harmonically excited fractional oscillators.
Development of a Phototoxicity Testing Strategy for Accurate Photosafety Evaluation of Pharmaceuticals Based on the Assessment of Possible Melanin-Binding Effects
Authors: Reinen Jelle , van Sas Pieter , van Huygevoort Ton , Rubio Leticia , Scase Kevin , Wenker Mira
Published: June 2018

Drug-induced phototoxicity occurs when drugs absorb natural sunlight, leading to chemical reactions causing cellular damage. Distribution to light-exposed tissues is critical and is enhanced by binding to melanin. The International Council on Harmonization S10 guidance document on photosafety evaluation of pharmaceuticals states that although nonpigmented skin tends to be more sensitive than pigmented skin, pigmented skin models should be considered for drugs that bind significantly to melanin. In this study, an in vitro melanin-binding assay was evaluated as prescreening tool for animal model selection. Binding of various structurally diverse phototoxic drugs to synthetic melanin was investigated in vitro and the high-affinity binder sparfloxacin (SPX), moderate-affinity binder 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP), and low-affinity binder pirfenidone (PIF) were selected for in vivo studies. Pigmented Brown Norway (BN) rats were compared with nonpigmented Wistar Albino rats to evaluate their sensitivity for the assessment of phototoxicity and skin concentrations of the drugs were measured. For SPX, the onset of phototoxic symptoms was faster for BN rats and drug concentrations were significantly higher in skin of BN rats. For 8-MOP, both models showed comparable sensitivity and skin concentrations did not differ. For the low-affinity binder PIF, no phototoxic effects were observed and skin concentrations in both models were similar. A combined in vitro/in vivo approach was developed that can be applied for accurate photosafety evaluation of pharmaceuticals based on the assessment of possible melanin-binding effects. In view of the presented data, the pigmented model could be considered for compounds showing a high-affinity binding capacity in vitro.
Colonizing Pepe: Internet Memes as Cyberplaces
Authors: Pelletier-Gagnon Jérémie , Pérez Trujillo Diniz Axel
Published: June 2018

This article explores the Pepe the Frog Internet meme through a spatial approach that targets the ways in which netizens attempt to repurpose it, so as to build a communal space in which meaning is constantly negotiated and hijacked. We argue that Pepe the Frog and other memes can be interpreted as “cyberplaces” defined as computer environments that display the ideological polemics between netizens as they struggle to build a sense of community. Moreover, the rhizomatic stratification of such cyberplaces reveals a more nuanced view of meme dynamics, one that takes into account the agency of users as they efface and impose meanings on memes, not unlike the process of deterritorialization enacted on places.
Re-thinking aspirations through habitus and capital: The experiences of British-born Bangladeshi women in higher education
Authors: Scandone Berenice
Published: June 2018

Since the turn of the century, young people’s aspirations have featured prominently in UK education policy and practice. Governments of all sides have espoused a rhetoric and enacted initiatives which have tended to focus on somehow ‘correcting’ the aspirations of students of working-class and minority ethnic origins. This paper applies a Bourdieusian framework to the analysis of the education and career aspirations of British-born young women of Bangladeshi heritage in higher education. In doing so, it advances a theoretically informed understanding of aspirations, which accounts for the multiple factors that contribute to shape them as well as for the relative implications in terms of future pathways. Drawing on interviews with 21 female undergraduate students, and building on Bourdieu’s notions of habitus and capital, I conceptualise aspirations as an aspect of habitus. I argue that this conceptualisation allows light to be shed on the ways in which multiple, intersecting dimensions of social identity and social structures play out in the shaping, re-shaping and possibly fading of aspirations. Additionally, it enables us to examine the mutually informing influences of aspirations and capital on practice. Findings indicate that the valuing of education and social mobility expressed by those of Bangladeshi and other minority ethnic origins are integral to collective constructions of ‘what people like us do’, which are grounded in diasporic discourses. They also illuminate the significance of social and cultural capital for young people’s capacity to aspire and actualise aspirations, as these contribute to delineate their ‘horizons for action’. This suggests that by failing to adequately recognise how structural inequalities inform differential access to valued capital, prevailing policy and practitioners’ approaches attribute excessive responsibility to students and their parents. The notion of ‘known routes’ is in this respect put forward as a way to make sense of aspirations, expectations and pathways, and the role of institutions in forging possible futures is highlighted.
Between concept and context: reading Gilles Deleuze and Leanne Simpson in their in/commensurabilities
Authors: Dorries Heather , Ruddick Sue
Published: June 2018

After centuries of ignoring and discounting Indigenous epistemologies, geographers and other scholars rooted in Western intellectual traditions have recently displayed a new curiosity about the insights offered by Indigenous intellectual traditions. In this article, we reflect on the ethical challenges that accompany reading Indigenous philosophy as scholars trained primarily in the Western tradition. Reading a set of texts by Michi Saagiig Nishnaabeg writer Leanne Betasamosake Simpson and French philosopher Gilles Deleuze, we argue that reading practices can serve as either enactments or refusals of colonial relationships, and provide an account of the development of reading practices that seek to find meaning in the in/commensurablity of these texts, rather than by seeking only similarities or differences. Thus, we advocate for a political approach to reading Indigenous philosophy that respects the sovereignty of the text.
Biomorpher: Interactive evolution for parametric design
Authors: Harding John , Brandt-Olsen Cecilie
Published: June 2018

Combining graph-based parametric design with metaheuristic solvers has to date focused solely on performance-based criteria and solving clearly defined objectives. In this article, we outline a new method for combining a parametric modelling environment with an interactive Cluster-Orientated Genetic Algorithm. In addition to performance criteria, evolutionary design exploration can be guided through choice alone, with user motivation that cannot be easily defined. As well as numeric parameters forming a genotype, the evolution of whole parametric definitions is discussed through the use of genetic programming. Visualisation techniques that enable mixing small populations for interactive evolution with large populations for performance-based optimisation are discussed, with examples from both academia and industry showing a wide range of applications.
Machine learning for architectural design: Practices and infrastructure
Authors: Tamke Martin , Nicholas Paul , Zwierzycki Mateusz
Published: June 2018

In this article, we propose that new architectural design practices might be based on machine learning approaches to better leverage data-rich environments and workflows. Through reference to recent architectural research, we describe how the application of machine learning can occur throughout the design and fabrication process, to develop varied relations between design, performance and learning. The impact of machine learning on architectural practices with performance-based design and fabrication is assessed in two cases by the authors. We then summarise what we perceive as current limits to a more widespread application and conclude by providing an outlook and direction for future research for machine learning in architectural design practice.
Augmented space planning: Using procedural generation to automate desk layouts
Authors: Anderson Carl , Bailey Carlo , Heumann Andrew , Davis Daniel
Published: June 2018

We developed a suite of procedural algorithms for space planning in commercial offices. These algorithms were benchmarked against 13,000 actual offices designed by human architects. The algorithm performed as well as an architect on 77% of offices, and achieved a higher capacity in an additional 6%, all while following a set of space standards. If the algorithm used the space standards the same way as an architect (a more relaxed interpretation), the algorithm achieved a 97% match rate, which means that the algorithm completed this design task as well as a designer and in a shorter time. The benchmarking of a layout algorithm against thousands of existing designs is a novel contribution of this article, and we argue that it might be a first step toward a more comprehensive method to automate parts of the office layout process.
Shaping hybrids – Form finding of new material systems
Authors: Gengnagel Christoph , La Magna Riccardo , Ramsgaard Thomsen Mette , Tamke Martin
Published: June 2018

Form-finding processes are an integral part of structural design. Because of their limitations, the classic approaches to finding a form – such as hanging models and the soap-film analogy – play only a minor role. The various possibilities of digital experimentation in the context of structural optimisation create new options for the designer generating forms, while enabling control over a wide variety of parameters. A complete mapping of the mechanical properties of a structure in a continuum mechanics model is possible but so are simplified modelling strategies which take into account only the most important properties of the structure, such as iteratively approximating to a solution via representations of kinematic states. Form finding is thus an extremely complex process, determined both by the freely selected parameters and by design decisions.
Integrating Journalism Into Health Promotion: Creating and Disseminating Community Narratives
Authors: Brown Louis D. , Berryhill Joseph C. , Jones Eric C.
Published: June 2018

Media coverage of mental health and other social issues often relies on episodic narratives that suggest individualistic causes and solutions, while reinforcing negative stereotypes. Community narratives can provide empowering alternatives, serving as media advocacy tools used to shape the policy debate on a social issue. This article provides health promotion researchers and practitioners with guidance on how to develop and disseminate community narratives to broaden awareness of social issues and build support for particular programs and policy solutions. To exemplify the community narrative development process and highlight important considerations, this article examines a narrative from a mental health consumer-run organization. In the narrative, people with mental health problems help one another while operating a nonprofit organization, thereby countering stigmatizing media portrayals of people with mental illness as dangerous and incompetent. The community narrative frame supports the use of consumer-run organizations, which are not well-known and receive little funding despite evidence of effectiveness. The article concludes by reviewing challenges to disseminating community narratives, such as creating a product of interest to media outlets, and potential solutions, such as engaging media representatives through community health partnerships and using social media to draw attention to the narratives.
Comparing iPad® and Paper Assessments for Children With ASD: An Initial Study
Authors: Marble-Flint Karissa J. , Strattman Kathy H. , Schommer-Aikins Marlene A.
Published: June 2018

iPad® and paper versions of a receptive vocabulary assessment were administered to 4- to 6-year olds with a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). No differences were found between scores on the two assessments. Standardized testing for children with ASD can be challenging; however, testing using the iPad® may offer a different avenue as it provides visual input that appears to be motivating. Findings suggest iPad® assessments offer an efficient format for itinerant speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and SLPs providing telepractice when creating individualized evaluation plans.
Predictors of Long-Term Exercise Capacity in Patients Who Have Had Lung Transplantation
Authors: Mejia-Downs Anne , DiPerna Christen , Shank Cori , Johnson Rebecca , Rice Danielle , Hage Chadi
Published: June 2018

Introduction:

Six-minute walk distance (6MWD) is a widely used surrogate for exercise capacity in patients both pre- and post-lung transplant. Multiple factors have been suggested to influence exercise capacity.

Research Questions:

This study sought to determine the change in exercise capacity over time and factors that influence long-term exercise capacity.

Design:

Data were collected prospectively on lung transplant recipients from 1 center. The 6MWD was measured preoperatively and at the 6- and 12-month clinic visits postoperatively. The Enright equation was used to calculate patients’ percentage predicted 6MWD. The change in 6MWD over time was calculated, and multiple factors affecting 6MWD were analyzed, including predictors of 6MWD at 6 and 12 months posttransplant.

Results:

Sixty lung transplant recipients were enrolled. Significant improvement in 6MWD was found between pretransplant and hospital discharge and between hospital discharge and 6 months posttransplant. The percentage predicted 6MWD improved significantly from pretransplant to 6 months and to 12 months posttransplant. Factors associated with 6MWD were sex, diagnosis, graft type, and age. Factors predicting long-term exercise capacity included 6MWD at referral, pretransplant, and hospital discharge; pulmonary diagnosis; and type of transplant.

Conclusion:

The 6MWD provided useful information about patients’ exercise capacity during phases of lung transplantation. The percentage predicted for each patient was found to be a more valuable measure than absolute 6MWD. Intensive, individualized training posttransplant is essential to optimize exercise capacity for this population
The Experiences of Young Liver Patients Transferring From Children’s to Adult Services and Their Support Needs for a Successful Transition
Authors: Toft Alex , Taylor Rachel , Claridge Lee , Clowes Charlotte , Ferguson James , Hind Jonathon , Jones Rebecca , McClean Patricia , McKiernan Patrick , Samyn Marianne , Coad Jane
Published: June 2018

Background:

The period of transition from pediatric to adult services represents a time when young people need support, information, and appropriate care in order to successfully move. It is a period that is associated with nonadherence and disengagement with care.

Objective:

To explore the experiences of young liver transplant recipients transitioning to adult services and determine what they require in order to achieve a successful move. The research also explored the possibility of using a mobile phone application (app) as a tool to support transition.

Design:

Qualitative approach using novel arts-based focus groups and one-to-one interviews.

Participants:

Twenty-one young people aged 16 to 25 years, 16 health-care professionals involved in their care, and 7 young people as follow-up. Participants used services provided by the 3 liver centers in England (Leeds, Birmingham, and London).

Results:

Data highlighted the variability of transition pathways in England for young people moving from child to adult health services. The results showed that they required clear information regarding transition processes including specific medical information and that there was a shortfall in such information. Support was required in the form of a designated transition coordinator or similar specialist who could act as a point of reference and guidance throughout the process. Transitions needed to be individualized and based upon transition readiness rather than age, although the research showed that age cut-offs were still used.

Conclusion:

Young people welcomed apps to provide information, reminders, contacts, and connections. Future research should explore the efficacy of such apps.
Developing Employees’ Mental Complexity: Transformational Leadership as a Catalyst in Employee Development
Authors: Crane Bret , Hartwell Christopher J.
Published: June 2018

As organizations grapple with greater complexity in the competitive business environment, more work is needed to understand how to create a human capability equal to the challenge. Research on adult learning suggests that increasing mental complexity, an individual’s system for processing information and making sense of their environment, can be a valuable way to help individuals become more adaptive in a complex environment and enhance performance. While there is evidence that this human capability can grow over time, individual growth does not come without considerable effort, and such growth can be facilitated by the right contextual factors. In this article, we examine the role of leaders in employee development. Synthesizing literature from adult learning and transformational leadership, we lay out a theoretical framework for why transformational leadership and its corresponding behaviors can serve as a mechanism to encourage developmental movement within an employee and increase mental complexity. We discuss the implications for human resource development.
The Effect of Clown Intervention on Self-Report and Biomarker Measures of Stress and Fatigue in Pediatric Osteosarcoma Inpatients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Lopes-Júnior Luis C. , Pereira-da-Silva Gabriela , Silveira Denise S. C. , Veronez Luciana C. , Santos Jéssica C. , Alonso Jonas B. , Lima Regina A. G.
Published: June 2018

Background: Pediatric cancer patients experience different psychological processes during hospitalization that may regulate the immune response and affect recovery and response to cancer treatment. In this study, we aimed to examine the feasibility of longitudinal testing of psychophysiological parameters of stress and fatigue in pediatric osteosarcoma patients hospitalized for chemotherapy submitted to clown intervention; and to investigate whether changes in the levels of biomarkers are associated with psychological stress and fatigue levels in these patients after the clown intervention. Methods: A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental pilot study was conducted at the pediatric oncology inpatient unit in a comprehensive cancer care center in Brazil including children and adolescents with osteosarcoma hospitalized for chemotherapy. Eight saliva samples were collected, comprising 4 at baseline (pre-intervention) and 4 after the clown intervention (+1, +4, +9, and +13 hours post-awakening). Salivary cortisol, α-amylase (sAA), cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels were determined using high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Stress and fatigue were measured by Child Stress Scale–ESI and PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale respectively. Bivariate association analysis between stress and fatigue scores and biomarker levels were investigated using nonparametric statistics. Effect sizes were calculated for each outcome variable. Results: Six pediatric osteosarcoma patients were enrolled with no missing data. No significant effects sizes were observed for psychophysiological outcomes. Effect sizes ranged from 0.54 (cortisol) to 0 (interleukin-1β [IL-1β]). Decreasing overall trends were observed for cortisol levels for all 6 pediatric osteosarcoma patients over time. In addition, a similar pattern of tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) levels over time was found for all 6 patients. Patients with metastatic osteosarcoma showed a linear trend for a decrease in MMP-9 levels between 1 and 9 hours after the clown intervention and restoration to basal levels after 13 hours. Conclusions: The results of this pilot study suggest that it is feasible longitudinally measure psychophysiological outcomes in the pediatric osteosarcoma inpatients for chemotherapy. Clown intervention merits further study as a way to reduce stress as well as fatigue, since that the stress and cytokines measurements are feasible based on our work.
Disparities in Women’s Prison Sentences: Exploring the Nexus Between Motherhood, Drug Offense, and Sentence Length
Authors: Cho Ahram , Tasca Melinda
Published: June 2018

Drawing upon focal concerns and familial paternalism frameworks, we explore the effects of motherhood, various maternal indicators, and type of offense on prison sentences using official and self-report data on 419 incarcerated women in the United States. Results revealed that drug offenders were sentenced more leniently than other offenders, whereas mothers were not sentenced differently from women without children. Mothers who lived with their children received shorter prison terms than mothers who were absent prior to arrest. This study fills gaps in knowledge on discretion in punishment in light of growing rates of female imprisonment.
A joint–joint matrix representation of planar kinematic chains with multiple joints and isomorphism identification
Authors: Sun Wei , Kong Jianyi , Sun Liangbo
Published: June 2018

The synthesis of the kinematic chain needs to obtain the information of the kinematic chain accurately and comprehensively. Isomorphism identification is an essential step in kinematic chain synthesis. In this article, a novel isomorphism determination method of planar kinematic chains with multiple joints based on joint–joint matrix description was proposed. First, a joint–joint matrix is presented to describe the kinematic chain, which can uniquely represent the kinematic chain structure. Then links and joints information were extracted from the matrix. And the link code and joint code were introduced to represent the link attributes and joint attributes, respectively. Furthermore, the standardization rules of joint–joint matrix are proposed. Isomorphism of kinematic chain is identified by comparing links, joints, and matrices. And the relationship between the links and the joints corresponding to the isomorphic kinematic chain is determined. Finally, the examples demonstrate that the method is novel and efficient.
Cloud manufacturing service composition and formal verification based on extended process calculus
Authors: Li Yongxiang , Yao Xifan
Published: June 2018

Cloud manufacturing is an emerging service-oriented model to solve existing problems in manufacturing. This study proposes a process calculus–based approach to formally model cloud manufacturing service composition that is composed of description model, interaction scenario model, and composition process formal model, in which the semantics of process calculus to describe the quality of service (QoS) information of service composition is extended, and an intelligent service composition method is put forward based on the extended process calculus. Then, a platform architecture for implementing the proposed approach is addressed. The integrated development environment for the platform is set up with selection of free software tools. Thus, a prototype of the platform is developed. Finally, automated guided vehicle processing service composition and the open integrated manufacturing system service composition are taken as examples to illustrate the application of the proposed service composition method. The main attributes of the formal models for the application cases are verified. Case study results show that the proposed service composition and formal verification method based on the extended process calculus is feasible. Compared with other approaches for service composition, the proposed intelligent service composition method meets the most requirements for service composition.
Participation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in neuropathic pain evoked by chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin via central GABAergic pathway
Authors: Xu Dongsheng , Zhao Hui , Gao Han , Zhao Huiling , Liu Dandan , Li Jing
Published: June 2018

Background

Neuropathic pain is observed in patients as chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin is used to treat metastatic digestive tumors; however, the mechanisms responsible for hyperalgesia are not well understood. Chronic neuroinflammation is one of the hallmarks of pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Since the midbrain periaqueductal gray is an important component of the descending inhibitory pathway controlling on central pain transmission, we examined the role for pro-inflammatory cytokines system of the periaqueductal gray in regulating mechanical hyperalgesia and cold hypersensitivity evoked by oxaliplatin.

Methods

Neuropathic pain was induced by intraperitoneal injection of oxaliplatin in rats. ELISA and western blot analysis were used to examine pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and their receptors expression.

Results

IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were elevated within the periaqueductal gray of oxaliplatin rats. Protein expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α receptors (namely, IL-1R, IL-6R, and TNFR subtype TNFR1) in the plasma membrane periaqueductal gray of oxaliplatin rats was upregulated, whereas the total expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors was not altered. In oxaliplatin rats, impaired inhibitory gamma-aminobutyric acid within the periaqueductal gray was accompanied with decreases in withdrawal thresholds to mechanical stimulus and % time spent on the cold plate. Our data further showed that the concentrations of gamma-aminobutyric acid were largely restored by blocking those pro-inflammatory cytokine receptors in periaqueductal gray of oxaliplatin rats; and mechanical hyperalgesia and cold hypersensitivity evoked by oxaliplatin were attenuated. Stimulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in the periaqueductal gray also blunted neuropathic pain in oxaliplatin rats.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that the upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and membrane pro-inflammatory cytokine receptor in the periaqueductal gray of oxaliplatin rats is likely to impair the descending inhibitory pathways in regulating pain transmission and thereby contributes to the development of neuropathic pain after application of chemotherapeutic oxaliplatin.
A study into perioperative anaesthetic adverse events in Thailand (PAAd THAI): An analysis of suspected emergence delirium
Authors: Pipanmekaporn Tanyong , Punjasawadwong Yodying , Raksakietisak Manee , Sriraj Wimonrat , Lekprasert Varinee , Werawatganon Thewarug
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the characteristics, contributing factors and recommended policy changes associated with emergence delirium. Relevant data were extracted from the PAAd Thai database of 2,006 incident reports which were conducted from 1 January to 31 December 2015. Details pertinent to the patient, surgery, anaesthetic and systematic factors were reviewed independently. Seventeen incidents of emergence delirium were recorded. Emergence delirium was common in the following categories: male (70.6%), over 65 years of age (53%), elective surgery (76%) and orthopedic surgery (35%). Physical restraint was required in 53% (9 of 17) of cases and 14 patients (82%) required medical treatment. One patient developed postoperative delirium and required medical treatment. The study led to the following recommendations: Development of a classification of practice guidelines and a screening tool, and training for restraint use.
Democracy in the classroom
Authors: Leach Tony
Published: June 2018

This article presents the case for a progressive education that embraces notions of democratic values in the classroom, and an education for democratic citizenship. Informed by John Dewey’s and Martin Buber’s philosophies of education, and Homi Bhabha’s concept of ‘third space’ work, the article examines the problematic and contested issues of emancipation and empowerment for learning in the classroom and across the school. Democracy in schooling requires a learning environment where teachers and students are encouraged and empowered to engage in mutual dialogue over matters to do with teaching and learning. Acknowledging this requirement, and the traditional agential and power-related positioning of teacher–student relationships and role identities in the classroom and across the school, this article argues for the creation of learning environments where classroom practice is democratically ‘top-down’ teacher-guided and ‘bottom-up’ student-informed.
Learning democracy in a new secondary school
Authors: Simó-Gil Núria , Tort-Bardolet Antoni , Barniol Montse , Pietx Teresa
Published: June 2018

This article presents, first, the theoretical framework developed in a three-year research project that was designed to enable the authors to analyse the characteristics and quality of democracy in 10 centres (five primary schools for children aged from 3 to 12 and five secondary schools for children aged from 12 to 16). Second, students and teachers of one of the participating schools in the region of Barcelona explained their experience of participation as a way of living democratic citizenship education. Last, the article analyses what the authors have learned from this secondary school, as well as a number of research conclusions that allow one to understand some of the important aspects of how students live their condition of democratic citizenship in the school itself.
Democratic parent engagement: Relational and dissensual
Authors: Lyon Charlotte Haines
Published: June 2018

In opposition to the discourse of silent compliance and the neo-liberal colonisation of voice, this article shares research with parents in an English primary school. Drawing on the work of Jacques Rancière and John Macmurray, the author argues that there is a need for a more relational but dissensual approach to parent engagement and voice, instead of parents being positioned by schools as support acts. Parent engagement, increasingly commodified over recent years within English school policy, has been relegated to responding to questionnaires, dutiful attendance of parents’ evenings, ensuring homework completion and choosing the correct school. Meanwhile, the social mobility agenda demands that parents inculcate aspirations in their children unquestioningly. Policies and pronouncements seek to ‘close the gap’ in attainment between the poorest children and their peers in England, Australia, the USA and other neo-liberalised countries. Hence a context is created in which parent engagement is now an exercise in creating ‘good’ pupils and successful economic beings. This article considers how parents have been rendered objects rather than agentic subjects within neo-liberal education systems and have lost their democratic voice. It concludes that there needs to be a reanimation of Dewey’s vision of education politics.
Towards a society of equals: Dewey, Lippmann, the co-operative movement and radical democracy undermining neo-liberal forms of schooling
Authors: Schostak John
Published: June 2018

This article explores the wider critical and creative powers of education to bring about a society where no one person is valued more than another and where each person is celebrated for their differences – this the author calls the ‘society of equals’. It is argued that discourses of equality are not only co-extensive with democracy; they are co-extensive with co-operation and education. The extent to which equalities between people are limited to certain spheres of activity is also the limit to which democracy and co-operation are exercised in the affairs of everyday life. To what extent are democracy and co-operation evidenced in schools, colleges and universities – the supposedly privileged places for the development of people’s powers? In whose interests and for what purposes are those powers to be developed? And how may socially just democratic futures be realised through co-operative forms of education? The critical points at issue in answering these questions will be approached by exploring Dewey’s discussions of education and the democratic public in comparison to Lippmann’s views of the public and the role of elites, alongside the values and practices of the co-operative movement and the idea of the society of equals capable of undermining and replacing neo-liberal forms of schooling.
Biomechanical Comparison of Screw Fixation Versus a Cortical Button and Self-tensioning Suture for the Latarjet Procedure
Authors: Provencher Matthew T. , Aman Zachary S. , LaPrade Christopher M. , Bernhardson Andrew S. , Moatshe Gilbert , Storaci Hunter W. , Chahla Jorge , Turnbull Travis Lee , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: June 2018

Background:

Metal screws are traditionally used to fix the coracoid process to the glenoid. Despite stable fixation, metal screws have been associated with hardware complications. Therefore, some studies have advocated for suture button fixation during the Latarjet procedure to reduce the complications associated with screw fixation.

Purpose:

To biomechanically evaluate the ultimate failure load of a cortical button and self-tensioning suture versus metal screws for coracoid graft fixation during the Latarjet procedure.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eight matched pairs of fresh-frozen, male cadaveric shoulders (N = 16) underwent the Latarjet procedure. The shoulders of each pair were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: fixation using two 3.75-mm cannulated, fully threaded metal screws or fixation using a double suture button construct. Specimens were secured in a dynamic testing machine and cyclically preconditioned from 2 to 10 N at 0.1 Hz for 10 cycles. After preconditioning, specimens were pulled to failure at a normalized displacement rate of 400% of the measured gauge length per minute. The ultimate failure load and mechanism of failure were recorded for each specimen.

Results:

The mean ultimate load to failure for screw fixation (226 ± 114 N; 95% CI, 147-305 N) was not significantly different from that for suture button fixation (266 ± 73 N; 95% CI, 216-317 N) ( P = .257). The mean strain at failure for screw fixation (63% ± 21%; 95% CI, 48%-77%) was not significantly different from that for suture button fixation (86% ± 26%; 95% CI, 69%-104%) ( P = .060). The most common mechanism of failure for the screw fixation method was at the bone block drill holes, while an intramuscular rupture at the clamp-muscle interface occurred for the suture button construct.

Conclusion:

The screw and suture button fixation techniques exhibited comparable biomechanical strength for coracoid bone block fixation of the Latarjet procedure.

Clinical Relevance:

Metal screws have been reported to be a large contributor to intraoperative and postoperative complications. Therefore, given the results of the current study, a suture button construct may be an alternative to metal screw fixation during the Latarjet procedure. However, further clinical studies are warranted.
Passive Knee Stability After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using the Endobutton or ToggleLoc With ZipLoop as a Femoral Fixation Device: A Comparison of 1654 Patients From the Danish Knee Ligament Reconstruction Registry
Authors: Asmussen Christian Asmus Peter , Attrup Mikkel Lindegaard , Thorborg Kristian , Hölmich Per
Published: June 2018

Background:

Biomechanical studies show varying results regarding the elongation of adjustable fixation devices. This has led to growing concern over the stability of the ToggleLoc with ZipLoop used in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) in vivo.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare passive knee stability 1 year after ACLR in patients in whom the Endobutton or ToggleLoc with ZipLoop was used for femoral graft fixation. The hypothesis was that the ToggleLoc with ZipLoop would be inferior in knee stability to the Endobutton 1 year after primary ACLR.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

Data from 3175 patients (Endobutton: n = 2807; ToggleLoc with ZipLoop: n = 368) were included from the Danish Knee Ligament Reconstruction Registry (DKRR) between June 2010 and September 2013. Data were retrieved from standardized ACL forms filled out by the operating surgeon preoperatively, during surgery, and at a clinical examination 1 year after surgery. Passive knee stability was evaluated using 1 of 2 arthrometers (Rolimeter or KT-1000 arthrometer) and the pivot-shift test. Using the same database, the number of reoperations performed up to 4 years after primary surgery was examined.

Results:

Full data were available for 1654 patients (Endobutton: n = 1538; ToggleLoc with ZipLoop: n = 116). ACLR with both devices resulted in increased passive knee stability ( P < .001). Patients who received the ToggleLoc with ZipLoop were found to have a better preoperative ( P = .005 ) and postoperative ( P < .001) pivot-shift test result. No statistically significant difference regarding the number of reoperations ( P = .086) or the time to reoperation ( P = .295) was found.

Conclusion:

Patients who underwent fixation with the ToggleLoc with ZipLoop had improved passive knee stability 1 year after surgery, measured by anterior tibial translation and pivot-shift test results, similar to patients who underwent fixation with the Endobutton. No difference was seen in knee stability or reoperation rates between the 2 devices.
Statistical Rituals: The Replication Delusion and How We Got There
Authors: Gigerenzer Gerd
Published: June 2018

The “replication crisis” has been attributed to misguided external incentives gamed by researchers (the strategic-game hypothesis). Here, I want to draw attention to a complementary internal factor, namely, researchers’ widespread faith in a statistical ritual and associated delusions (the statistical-ritual hypothesis). The “null ritual,” unknown in statistics proper, eliminates judgment precisely at points where statistical theories demand it. The crucial delusion is that the p value specifies the probability of a successful replication (i.e., 1 – p), which makes replication studies appear to be superfluous. A review of studies with 839 academic psychologists and 991 students shows that the replication delusion existed among 20% of the faculty teaching statistics in psychology, 39% of the professors and lecturers, and 66% of the students. Two further beliefs, the illusion of certainty (e.g., that statistical significance proves that an effect exists) and Bayesian wishful thinking (e.g., that the probability of the alternative hypothesis being true is 1 – p), also make successful replication appear to be certain or almost certain, respectively. In every study reviewed, the majority of researchers (56%–97%) exhibited one or more of these delusions. Psychology departments need to begin teaching statistical thinking, not rituals, and journal editors should no longer accept manuscripts that report results as “significant” or “not significant.”