bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional evaluation of articular disc position and other temporomandibular joint morphology among Chinese patients with temporomandibular disorders: A retrospective MRI study
Authors: OSAMA ALMUSTAFA , Musa Mazen , zheng Cheng Dong , Zhang Hai Juan , Ren Yu Han , Wang Shuang
Published: November 2024

Background
The etiology and pathophysiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), particularly the internal derangement of the joint, remain unclear. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the discal space changes, condylar position, and distance of disc displacement that occur in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and to explore joint space dimensions correlation to other factors such as age, sex, and distance of disc displacement.
Methods
A total of 130 patients (260 joints) were included in this cross-sectional study. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of each patient was used to evaluate the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discal space dimensions in the coronal and sagittal sections, and the distance of disc displacement. One-way ANOVA and Independent sample t-test were used for the normally distributed variables, and Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney u test were used for non-normally distributed variables. Bivariate correlation was conducted using spearman correlation coefficients to investigate the relation between age, disc position, and joint space dimensions.
Results
Among the sagittal spaces, the central joint space (CJS) was significantly larger on both sides (p < 0.001). When comparing joint spaces among sexes, the right side anterior joint space (AJS) was significantly greater in females (p = 0.006), while the left side medial and lateral joint spaces (MJS and LJS) were greater in males (p = 0.037 and 0.026, respectively). Discal space dimensions showed to be narrower in patients younger than 25 years, particularly for the central and medial discal spaces (p = < 0.001). The results of the bivariate analysis revealed a significant moderate to weak positive correlation between the age, AJS, CJS, and MJS in anterior disc displacement with reduction ADDWR (𝑟-2. = 0.408, 0.537, 0,287, respectively). Likewise, correlation between age and MJS showed weak correlation in anterior disc displacement without reduction ADDWoR (𝑟-2. = -0.253).
Conclusion
The central joint space is the largest among the other spaces. There are significant differences in joint space dimensions between sexes and age groups. Females have larger anterior joint spaces, whereas males present larger medial and lateral joint spaces. Additionally, younger individuals present narrower discal spaces, with age correlating moderately to weakly with joint space dimensions in cases of anterior disc displacement.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Identical Twins with Different Onset Ages of Adrenoleukodystrophy
Authors: Su Qiuyu , Chen Yinglian , Fu Chuhua , Zhang Yonghui , Zhang Yan , Cao Ying , Wang Xinggang , Zeng Zhiming , Liu Chen , Yang Zhao , Yin Changlin , Tan Liang
Published: November 2024

Adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) is a rare X-linked neurogenetic disease caused by mutations in the ABCD1 gene. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the onset and severity of ALD still remain unclear. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to mine information on candidate genes associated with onset and severity of ALD by transcriptome sequencing of whole blood samples from monozygotic twin families with ALD disease. The identifying of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), set theory analysis, gene enrichment analysis, and classification statistics of expression trend had been executed to identify potential candidate genes inducing the onset and severity of ALD in patients. And, eight ALD patients, which constituted by two normal children, two ALD child twins, twins’ mother, twins’ adult uncle with ALD, twins’ grandmother, and a normal adult had been used. In the present, five distinct sets of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified via using whole blood samples from a family of identical twins with different onset ages and ABCD1 exon 2 deletion. Then, 39 DEGs of A∩B∩C-D and A∩B-D as well as 425 DEGs of C∩E had been considered as relating genes with the onset and severity of ALD. Especially, C4BPA, TPBG, CEP112, CHST15, SMAD1, IL-26, and LRRC69 had shown more important than others about ALD onset. Meanwhile, KEGG and GO enrichment further suggested the role of Ca2+ homeostasis and plasma membrane for ALD onset and severity. Finally, expression pattern analysis further demonstrated the pivotal role of the selected DEG sets. The information on candidate genes of this research had been considered as the crucial for preliminarily exploring the molecular mechanisms relating to the onset and severity of ALD, which offered novel insights and research directions for mitigating and treating the development of ALD.
Effectiveness of Virtual Environment Exercises on Physical Performance
Authors: Bavlı Özhan
Published: November 2024

Background
Virtual environment exercises are becoming more and more popular. Virtual environmental activities, which are used for different purposes in many areas, are quite new in the field of sports and need study findings.
Methods
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of virtual reality (VR) and field-based fitness exercises on the performance characteristics of young individuals. Thirty participants, with an average age of 19.7 ± 1.3 years and who had not previously engaged in fitness exercises, volunteered for the study. The participants were randomly assigned to either a fitness exercise group or a virtual exercise group. Measurements of height, weight, static balance, flexibility, sit-up, plank performance, standing long jump, and leg strength were taken before and after the intervention. The data were analyzed via analysis software.
Results
The findings of the study revealed that all the values of the measured performance characteristics changed significantly in comparison with those in the preintervention phase. A comparison of these variables revealed that, in comparison with VR participants, participants exposed to fitness training improved their flexibility, long jump, BMI and leg press. On the other hand, the VR group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in balance performance than did the fitness group.
Conclusions
On the basis of these findings, VR-based exercise interventions may be useful in young people to increase balance more effectively than traditional fitness training for leg strength flexibility and long jump performance.
Child Cariogenic Diet and Parental Oral Health Literacy Level Between American and Brazilian Families
Authors: Menoncin Bruna Leticia Vessoni , Crema Aline Fabris de Araújo , de Menezes José Vitor Nogara Borges , Crispim Sandra Patrícia , Ferreira Fernanda de Morais , Zandoná Andrea Ferreira , Fraiz Fabian Calixto
Published: November 2024

Background: To comparethe cariogenic diets of children and parental OHL levels between American and Brazilian families.
Methods: Participating in this cross-sectional study were the parents/guardians of 946 children aged 2 to 5, Brazilian parents of children. There were 672 Brazilian parents of Brazilian children (BB), 203 American parents of American children (AA) and 61 Brazilian parents of American children (BA). A self-administered questionnaire about sociodemographic aspects and children’s oral health conditions was administered. Food practices were analyzed using a specific questionnaire. The parental mealtime action scale (PMAS) scores for daily fruit and vegetable availability, the snacks consumption model, and the snacks limit were collected. Parental OHL levels were assessed by the Oral Health Literacy Adult Questionnaire (OHL-AQ). Multiple comparison tests with the Kruskal‒Wallis post hoc test and Bonferroni correction were used for numerical variable analysis. For categorical variables, chi-square tests were performed.
Results: The AA and BA groups had more training in healthcare, more work in health-related areas and were more likely to be in a stable union when married than the BB group. Children of group AA or BA consumed more cariogenic food than those of BB group. The daily fruit and vegetable availability was greater in the AA group than in the other groups. Compared with those of BB, the snake modeling domain and snack limits of AA and BA were greater. The OHL of BA was greater than that of BB and was more similar to that of AA.
Conclusion: American children of Brazilian parents are closer to the eating habits of American children of American parents than to Brazilian children of Brazilian parents.
The incidence and risk factors for radiation pneumonia in anaplastic lymphoma kinase- positive non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with thoracic radiotherapy and simultaneous anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: Chen Feihu , Liu Haoyu , Jing Xuquan , Yang Zhengqiang , Zhu Hui
Published: November 2024

Background:
Anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitor(ALK-TKI) is a first-line treatment regimen for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer harboring anaplastic lymphoma kinase-positive. For non-small cell lung cancer patients with slow progression, thoracic radiotherapy can provide significant local control and survival benefits as an effective local consolidation therapy. Radiation pneumonia, one of the typical adverse reactions to radiation therapy, has not yet been reported in studies on the incidence of radiation pneumonia when ALK is combined with thoracic radiotherapy. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for radiation pneumonia in such patients and provide a reference for clinical practice.
Patients and methods: All medical records of patients with NSCLC who had ALK fusion between January 2016 and May 2023 at Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute were reviewed using an institutional query system. All patients underwent intensity-modulated radiotherapy and 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy with photon therapy. Radiation pneumonia was diagnosed via computed tomography and was classified according to the RTOG toxicity scoring system. The risk factors for radiation pneumonia were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses. The Kaplan–Meier method calculates progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).
Results: Ultimately, 39 patients were included; 14 (35.8%) had grade 2 or above radiation pneumonia, and 6 out of 39 patients (12.8%) had grade 3 or above radiation pneumonia. The median time interval between the onset of radiation pneumonia and thoracic radiotherapy was 1.7 months. In univariate analysis, V20 ≥ 20.23%, V5≥35.63%, and PTV-volume ≥ 223.05 cm3 were associated with the occurrence of RP. In the multivariate analysis, V20 ≥ 20.23% and PTV-volume ≥ 223.05 cm3 was considered an independent predictor of radiation pneumonia occurrence. Crizotinib is also a risk factor for radiation pneumonia. The mPFS of all patients was 27.7 months. The mOS of all patients was 49.3 months.
Conclusions: In summary, our study reports for the first time that the incidence of grade 2 or more severe radiation pneumonia is slightly higher in patients receiving combined treatment with thoracic radiotherapy and anaplastic lymphoma kinase tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Simultaneously, whole-lung V20 and PTV volume are risk factors for radiation pneumonia.
Inhibition of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Progression by MIR210HG and Activation of the P53 Signaling Pathway to Promote Apoptosis and Autophagy
Authors: Wang Jianyu , Zhang Zhenhu , Song Liang , Liu Xiangyan , He Xiaopeng
Published: November 2024

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) stands among the frequently occurring malignancies. The lack of efficient early detection methods and therapeutic approaches leads to a high mortality rate for ESCC. The long noncoding RNA MIR210HG is strongly related to various malignant tumors. However, its involvement in ESCC remains unexplored. Thus, this investigation aimed to assess the involvement of MIR210HG in ESCC development.
Methods: The MIR210HG expression was analyzed in numerous tumor types through pan-cancer analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA) database. This research investigated the MIR210HG role in the survival and prognosis of individuals with ESCC. The biological functions of MIR210HG were examined by enrichment analyses, including GO, GSEA, and KEGG. Moreover, drug sensitivity, immune cell infiltration, tumor microenvironment (TME) characteristics, and immune checkpoint expression levels associated with MIR210HG were explored. To get more insight into the connection between MIR210HG and ESCC, we assessed related gene and protein expression using Western blotting and qRT-PCR. To evaluate the proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and autophagy of ESCC cells, various techniques were employed, including EdU proliferation tests, Monodansylcadaverine(MDC) staining, wound healing assays, cell colony formation, transwell assays, flow cytometry, and an established xenograft mouse model.
Results: MIR210HG exhibited low expression levels in ESCC. High expression of MIR210HG correlated with a higher survival rate among patients. The elevated expression of MIR210HG hindered the ESCC cell's ability to proliferate, invade, and migrate, both in vivo and in vitro settings. Furthermore, a positive correlation between MIR210HG and the P53 signaling pathway was observed, which could affect autophagy and apoptosis in ESCC cells.
Conclusion: MIR210HG emerges as a pivotal gene in ESCC, influencing both the immunity and prognosis of patients. Moreover, it may affect autophagy and apoptosis via the P53 signaling pathway. Overall, these outcomes present novel ideas for ESCC treatment.
The CT phenotype of pulmonary immune-infiltration in patients with gastrointestinal cancers received CAR T-cell treatment
Authors: Liu Yiting , Chen Xiaojie , Ma Mingyang , He Meng , Li Jiazheng , Shen Lin , Qi Changsong , Tang Lei
Published: November 2024

Background To explore the chest CT signs of gastrointestinal cancer patients treated with CLDN18.2- specific CAR T-cell therapy, then categorize the CAR-T-PIE signs and elucidate the biological mechanisms.
Methods This retrospective study enrolled 96 patients from clinical trial (NCT03874897). Baseline and post-therapy chest CT, cytological indicators (IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-15) were assessed. The chest CT signs were classified into different types based on the degree of exudative and interstitial alterations correlated with immune enrichment. Wilcoxon test was used to assess correlations between CT findings and clinical parameters.
Results 31 patients developed CAR-T-PIE signs on chest CT, and three distinct pulmonary immune-infiltration patterns were identified. 3 patients were identified as Type 1 with imaging findings of exudative and interstitial changes around lung metastases. Exudative and interstitial changes were defined as Type 2, were diagnosed in 6 patients with lung metastases and 14 patients without lung metastases respectively. Lymphangitic carcinomatosis was observed in 2 patients, and classified as Type 3. The median overall survival (OS) with pulmonary immune-enrichment (Type 1-2) was significantly better than for those with negative CT findings or lymphangitic carcinomatosis (Type 3), with a median OS of 247 days (95% CI: 214.9, 277.1) versus 158 days (95% CI: 66.6, 177.4) (p=.043).
Conclusion CAR-T-PIE occurs about 1.9 weeks after infusion (2d~28d), with distinct CT phenotypes that correlate with treatment response and prognosis. The presence of pseudoprogression and immune pneumonia have the potential in serving as markers of effective therapy, while lymphangitic carcinomatosis indicate negative prognosis.
The exploration of factors correlated with Non-suicidal Self-injury in adolescents
Authors: Su Yi , Li Qiongwei
Published: November 2024

Adolescence is a crucial period of growth and development, and about 19.5% of children and adolescents suffered from non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) worldwide. NSSI can lead to physical and psychological consequences, including an increased risk of suicidal behavior. To address this issue, public health interventions are urgently needed for NSSI prevention, early intervention, and mental health support. Our study aims to understand self-injurious behaviors in secondary school students, their incidence, types, causes, and influencing factors. This will help prevent and correct such behaviors. This study recruited 1770 adolescents in China. Data was collected through self-report questionnaires and several scales. Clinician-rated severity of non-suicidal self-injury was also used to assess NSSI behaviors. Multinomial logistic regression models were utilized to estimate the association between risk factors and NSSI. The study found that a significant proportion of adolescents (18.4%) engage in NSSI for various reasons, including to relieve negative emotions and to relax. The results indicated that early life trauma and poor emotional regulation are risk factors for NSSI, while positive social support (P < 0.001, t = 6.811) and resilience (P < 0.001, t = 9.459) have a protective effect. Additionally, sleeplessness (P < 0.001, t = 10.751) was found to be associated with NSSI. Our study suggests childhood trauma may cause emotion regulation issues, leading to emotional problems and maladaptive coping. Low resilience exacerbates these issues, but positive social support protects adolescents. These findings have implications for mental health interventions and prevention efforts.
Successful recanalization of a four-year-old long segment chronically occluded internal carotid artery (COICA) in a retrograde fashion and by a full co-axial support system.
Authors: Pandey Sajan , Yang Wen Hao , Li Lei , Zhang Quan Bin
Published: November 2024

Chronically occluded internal carotid artery, particularly refractory to the present medical and surgical treatment, carries a high risk of ischemic sequelae due to perfusion mismatch. The authors share a successful recanalization treatment detail of a symptomatic 72-year-old male patient who failed medical and surgical treatment for a chronically occluded long segment of the internal carotid artery for four years. The author focuses on the technical pearls of the novel full co-axial support system to recanalize the chronically occluded long internal carotid arterial segment.
Personalized Screening Tool for Early Detection of Sarcopenia in Stroke Patients: A Machine Learning-Based Comparative Study
Authors: Yan Huan , Li Juan , Li Yujie , Xian Lihong , Tang Huan , Zhao Xuejiao , Lu Ting
Published: November 2024

Background Sarcopenia often occurs in stroke patients and contributes to worse recovery and a higher risk of death. There is no standardized tool for screening sarcopenia in stroke patients. The objective of this study is to explore the factors influencing sarcopenia in stroke patients, develop a risk prediction model, and evaluate its predictive accuracy. Methods Demographic and clinical characteristics of 794 stroke patients were collected. LASSO regression analysis was used for variable selection, and the selected variables were analyzed using multivariate regression. Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), and XGBoost were used to construct prediction models, with the optimal model selected for external validation. Bootstrap resampling was used for internal validation of the training cohort, and another 159 stroke patients were collected for external validation. The performance of models was evaluated using the AUC, calibration curve, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA). Results Based on LASSO and multivariate logistic regression analysis, seven variables were selected. The AUC value for the LR model was 0.805, surpassing that of the RF model (0.796) and the XGBoost model (0.780). The LR model also outperformed RF and XGBoost in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score. In external validation, the LR model achieved an AUC of 0.816, and the calibration curve along with the DCA curve demonstrated that the model has nice accuracy and clinical applicability. Conclusions In this study, we developed a model and presented it as a nomogram to detect the risk of sarcopenia in stroke patients, and such early screening may benefit these patients.
Efficacy of Advanced Cleaning Approaches in 3D Mandibular Molar Models: A Laboratory Study
Authors: Tiscareño Alissa , Ortolani-Seltenerich P.S. , Ramírez-Muñoz Ana , Pérez-Ron Omar , S Pedro M. Mendez , Leal-Moya Carmen , Vieira Gaya C.S. , Pérez Alejandro R.
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cleaning in minimally shaped mesial and oval distal canals of 3D models of mandibular molars, focusing on positive pressure irrigation, wireless and conventional passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and diode laser (DL) at 980 nm.
Methods: Forty-four replicas of natural mandibular molars were divided into four groups of eleven 3D resin models with apical size 25/.04 mesial (n=22) and 35/.04 oval distal canals (n=11) to evaluate different irrigation methods. Each root canal was uniformly filled with an artificial hydrogel to simulate a biofilm mixture. Following this preparation, the specified irrigation techniques were applied to the respective groups. Quantitative evaluations of pre- and post-irrigation images were performed to assess the efficiency of tissue removal along the entire length of the canal and in the apical, middle, and coronal thirds.
Results: The findings revealed no significant differences in the initial amount of tissue between the samples, indicating uniform filling. In the apical region of mesial canals, conventional PUI showed the highest cleaning efficiency (14.1% residual tissue), significantly outperforming the other methods (p<0.05). Cordless PUI and DL also surpassed positive pressure irrigation, leaving 30.4% and 29.3% residual tissue, respectively, compared to 42.2% with positive pressure. In the middle third, all methods tested performed better than needle irrigation (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences in the coronal third or over the full canal length. Distal oval canals showed no significant differences in cleaning effectiveness among methods.
Conclusions: Although no single method was superior in full canal length, supplementary techniques such as PUI and DL offer potential benefits over conventional irrigation methods, particularly in the apical third of the canal.
Clinical Relevance: Complementary approaches such as conventional PUI and diode laser at 980 nm showed superior cleaning efficiency, particularly in the apical third. These results suggest their integration could improve cleaning effectiveness in minimally instrumented mesial canals.
Treatment of de novo Bone-Only Oligometastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Fernandez Joseff Karl , Beith Jane , McNeil Catriona , Kumar Sanjeev , Tse Regina , Morarji Kavita , O’Connor Chelsie , Leow Boon Yang  Jerome , Gupta Karan , Harris Georgia , Hui Mun
Published: November 2024

Introduction
It is estimated that 10–25% of breast cancer patients have metastatic disease upon diagnosis with roughly 20% having limited metastatic sites. The optimal management of patients with de novo bone-only oligometastatic breast cancer (OMBC), particularly curative-intent approaches, continues to evolve given extremely limited evidence in survival outcomes with this strategy.
Methods
This was a single-center retrospective review of the survival outcomes and details of treatment of patients with de novo OMBC who received tri-modality treatment with systemic therapy (chemotherapy with or without endocrine treatment and/or HER2-directed therapy), surgery, and radiotherapy to local and metastatic site/s. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as the time from initiation of treatment (either surgery, or neoadjuvant systemic therapy) to date of clinical or radiologic progression.
Results
From January 2014-March 2024, we identified 10 women who fit the inclusion criteria. Seven had isolated bone metastasis, and none had more than 3 metastatic sites. The included cohort had a mean age of 44.2 years. Nine had hormone receptor-positive disease, and 5 were HER2-positive. All patients were discussed in a multidisciplinary meeting. Median PFS by Kaplan-Meier analysis was 40.2 months. Nine patients were still alive at the time of analysis, and 6 of them remain disease free with a median follow-up duration of 30.8 months.
Conclusion
Patients with de novo bone-only oligometastatic breast cancer seem to benefit from the standard curative-intent tri-modality approach with the addition of ablative radiation to metastatic sites. These patients have a long median PFS and can be rendered disease-free for many years.
New Insights into Human Dermal Microvasculature: A Study Based on Intravascular Perfusion and Immunofluorescence Staining
Authors: Rui Shu , Cao Zilong , Wang Yunzhang , Liu Liqiang
Published: November 2024

Skin microcirculation offers critical insights into systemic health and disease mechanisms. Despite this importance, specific characteristics and distribution patterns of dermal microarterioles and microvenules have been insufficiently explored. This study aimed to analyze their structural differences and distribution using an innovative intravascular dual perfusion technique combined with immunofluorescence staining to distinguish microvessel types within the dermis. Utilizing two post-mortem cadaver specimens, the study employed lead oxide-gelatin perfusion for microarterioles and latex for microvenules. Subsequent tissue sections underwent H&E and immunofluorescence staining, with CD31 used as a general vascular marker and MCT1 tested as a venule-specific marker. Analysis revealed significant structural differences between dermal layers: vessels in the deep dermis exhibited larger diameters and thicker walls than those in the superficial layer, while microvessel density was higher in the superficial dermis. These findings demonstrate distinct patterns and significant differences in microvessel distribution between the superficial and deep dermal layers, reflecting the layer-specific functional demands. Moreover, MCT1 was identified as a marker for microvenules and introduced a novel approach using immunofluorescent staining with CD31 and MCT1 to distinguish between dermal microarterioles and microvenules. These results offering implications for surgical planning, skin grafting, and diagnostics in microcirculation-related conditions.
Correlation of circulating T lymphocytes with response to neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy in operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Li Kunzhi , Wang Kangning , Huang Yixuan , Yang Mu , Wei Xing , Han Yongtao , Miao Yan , Fang Qiang
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the correlation of the circulating T lymphocytes with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined immune-oncology therapy (neoCTIO) in operable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and explore the predictive markers.
Methods: ESCC patients staged cT2N1-2M0 or cT3-4aN0-2M0 were enrolled. All patients received two cycles of neoCTIO of each 21-day cycle. Minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) was performed 4-8 weeks after neoCTIO. Peripheral blood lymphocytes subsets and effector cytokines were detected before and after neoCTIO by using flow cytometry. The primary endpoints were the advanced change of subsets, effector cytokines in T lymphocytes, and pathological complete response (pCR). The secondary endpoints included major pathological response (MPR).
Results: A total of 33 patients with ESCC were enrolled. 96.7% (32/33) received MIE with R0 resection and 10 (10/32, 31.3%) achieved MPR, including 6 (6/32, 18.8%) patients with pCR. The ORR was 43.8% (14/32). The number of Effector Memory CD8+ T lymphocytes was elevated after neoadjuvant therapy (P = 0.002). In the responders, CD8+ T lymphocytes showed higher IFNγ and TNFα co-expression (P=0.010). Responders exhibited higher numbers of effector subsets (P = 0.029) and lower numbers of naive subsets (P = 0.006). No statistical difference was found in the cell frequency of CD4+T lymphocyte subsets between the responders and the non- responders.
Conclusion: The baseline numbers of effector subsets and co-expression of IFN-γ and TNF-α in circulating CD8+ T lymphocytes were positive predictors while the baseline frequency of naive subsets was a negative predictive marker of the response to therapy.
Assessment of Substrate Physical Properties in Bark- and Peat-based Stratified Substrate Systems
Authors: Fields Jeb S. , Criscione Kristopher S. , Owen James S.
Published: November 2024

Soilless substrate stratification is increasing in popularity in the greenhouse and nursery industry globally. The concept of stratifying substrates entails stacking two substrates with different physiochemical properties to augment vertical moisture balances and redistribution for quicker establishment, greater root growth, and quicker time to market. Stratified substrate research to date has estimated or assumed that the static physical properties of a stratified system as the mean of the individual strata components. No research to date has verified or rejected this assumption using a stratified column. The research herein measured the static physical properties of 1) peatlite (85% peat: 15% perlite), 2) unprocessed <12.7 mm aged bark, 3) fine bark particles (≤6.3 mm), and 4) coarse bark particles (≥6.3 mm). Moreover, these physical properties were measured via 1) using the standard promoter analysis (7.6 cm core), 2) extending the core height by stacking two standard porometer cores (15.2 cm height) of the same strata component atop each other (to identify how water storage and air-filled porosity changes), and 3) stratifying either peatlite over unprocessed bark or fine bark over coarse bark. The results showed that extending the height of the porometer increased drainage and decreased water storage across conventional and stratified systems alike, illustrating the benefit of using cores equivalent to container height when making cultural decisions to manage water efficiently. When stratifying substrates, the system as a whole stores less water and has more air-filled porosity than nonstratified composite profiles (100% peatlite; 100% unprocessed bark) due to gravitational forces draining the higher portion of the container. Assumptions regarding the static physical properties of a stratified system can be made with the standard or extended porometer core for coarse-textured bark substrates used generally in the nursery industry with reasonable accuracy (<5% difference), meaning that nursery growers interested in stratifying their substrates can assess their stratified static physical properties using standard measurements. However, assumptions cannot accurately be assessed for finer peat-based stratified profiles used in greenhouse production and may require further refinement for estimations. The broader implications of this research highlight the storage capacities of a stratified substrate system, which may influence growers’ decisions in application and irrigation management.
On the Virasoro fusion and modular kernels at any irrational central charge
Authors: Roussillon Julien
Published: November 2024

We propose a series representation for the Virasoro fusion and modular kernels at any irrational central charge. Two distinct, yet closely related formulas are needed for the cases c∈ \mathbb{C} \backslash (-∞,1]c∈ℂ∖(−∞,1] and c <1c<1. Our proposal for c <1c<1 agrees numerically with the fusion transformation of the four-point spherical conformal blocks, whereas our proposal for c∈ \mathbb{C} \backslash (-∞,1]c∈ℂ∖(−∞,1] agrees numerically with Ponsot and Teschner’s integral formula for the fusion kernel. The case of the modular kernel is studied as a special case of the fusion kernel.
Out-of-equilibrium full counting statistics in Gaussian theories of quantum magnets
Authors: Senese Riccardo , Robertson Jacob , Essler Fabian
Published: November 2024

We consider the probability distributions of the subsystem (staggered) magnetization in ordered and disordered models of quantum magnets in D dimensions. We focus on Heisenberg antiferromagnets and long-range transverse-field Ising models as particular examples. By employing a range of self-consistent time-dependent mean-field approximations in conjunction with Holstein-Primakoff, Dyson-Maleev, Schwinger boson and modified spin-wave theory representations we obtain results in thermal equilibrium as well as during non-equilibrium evolution after quantum quenches. To extract probability distributions we derive a simple formula for the characteristic function of generic quadratic observables in any Gaussian theory of bosons.
Entanglement Hamiltonian and effective temperature of non-Hermitian quantum spin ladders
Authors: Yang Pei-Yun , Tzeng Yu-Chin
Published: November 2024

Quantum entanglement plays a crucial role not only in understanding Hermitian many-body systems but also in offering valuable insights into non-Hermitian quantum systems. In this paper, we analytically investigate the entanglement Hamiltonian and entanglement energy spectrum of a non-Hermitian spin ladder using perturbation theory in the biorthogonal basis. Specifically, we examine the entanglement properties between coupled non-Hermitian quantum spin chains. In the strong coupling limit (J_\mathrm{rung}\gg1Jrung≫1), first-order perturbation theory reveals that the entanglement Hamiltonian closely resembles the single-chain Hamiltonian with renormalized coupling strengths, allowing for the definition of an ad hoc temperature. Our findings provide new insights into quantum entanglement in non-Hermitian systems and offer a foundation for developing novel approaches for studying finite temperature properties in non-Hermitian quantum many-body systems.
Doğrusal Olmayan Regresyon Yöntemi Kullanılarak Kütle Transferine Dayalı bir Referans Evapotranspirasyon Tahmin Modeli Geliştirilmesi
Authors: Usta Selçuk
Published: November 2024

Referans evapotrasnpirasyon (ETo), toprak yüzeyinden buharlaşma ve referans çim bitkisinden terleme yolu ile atmosfere transfer edilen toplam su buharı kütlesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Hidroloji bilimi kapsamındaki birçok çalışmada temel veri olarak kullanılan ETo, atmosferik buhar basıncı açığına dayalı kütle transferi yolu ile gerçekleşmektedir. ETo, lizimetre sistemleri ile doğrudan ölçülebilmektedir. Ancak, bu sistemler ile gerçekleştirilen ölçme işlemleri zor ve zaman alıcıdır. Bu nedenle, kütle transferine dayalı ampirik modeller kullanılarak ETo miktarının tahmin edilmesi yaklaşımı pratikte daha fazla tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Van ili mikroklima alanı iklim ve çevre koşulları ile uyumlu kütle transferine dayalı bir ampirik ETo tahmin modelinin oluşturulması amaçlanmıştır. Tahmin modeli, 2012 ile 2022 yılları arasında ölçülen 11 yıllık günlük ortalama iklim verileri kullanılarak, Microsoft Excel programı çözücü eklentisi aracılığıyla oluşturulmuş ve aynı verilerle test edilmiştir. Bu model kullanılarak tahmin edilen günlük ETo değerleri ile standart FAO-56 Penman & Monteith (PM) eşitliği kullanılarak tahmin edilen günlük ETo değerleri arasındaki sapmanın bir göstergesi olarak hesaplanan ortalama mutlak hata (MAE), ortalama mutlak yüzde hata (MAPE), karekök ortalama karesel hata (RMSE) ve regresyon katsayısı (R2) katsayısı sırasıyla 0.27 mm/gün, %7.02, 0.32 mm/gün ve 0.98 olarak belirlenmiştir. Kütle transferine dayalı modelin Van ili koşullarında standart FAO-56 PM eşitliğinin alternatifi olarak kullanılabileği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, bu modelin yöre koşullarında hazırlanacak sulama programı ve kuraklık eylem planı çalışmalarında faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Synthetic Data Generation with Modified Artificial Bee Colony Optimization Algorithm and Statistical Modeling
Authors: Akalın Fatma
Published: November 2024

Machine learning is a powerful decision support system used in analyzing and evaluating real-life data. This system aims to create new solutions and improve performance. Therefore, it is related to the field of data science. There are data on the basis of this relationship The effectiveness of drawing meaningful insights from data depends on the quality of the model's training. To improve this performance, the variety of combinations among the data and the total number of data in the dataset should be increased. But in this topic, insufficient data access, legal regulations, ethical rules, confidentiality procedures, privacy, data sharing restrictions and cost parameters are obstacles. Synthetic data generation is a basic step in the field of data science in order to solve all these problems, improve functionality and provide powerful machine-learning inferences. Therefore, a new synthetic data generation approach consisting of 3 basic stages is proposed in this study. In the first stage, synthetic data production similar to the distribution of the original data was carried out with the modified ABC (Artificial Bee Colony) optimization algorithm. In the second stage, the category information of the independent variables was determined by the statistical evaluation analyzed with regression methods among the artificial data produced. In the third stage, the efficiency and applicability of the artificial data produced were evaluated with supervised machine learning classifiers. As a result of the evaluation, it has been proven that the proposed synthetic data generation approach improves the performance of machine learning classifiers in proportion to the increasing number of data. The decision tree algorithm that showed maximum performance produced success rates of 100%, 92.5%, 100%, 85%, and 66% on 5 separate enriched datasets, respectively.
Numerical Solutions of Time fractional Klein Gordon Equation using Crank-Nicolson Finite Difference Method
Authors: Karaağaç Berat , Esen Alaattin , Uzunyol Muhammed Huzeyfe
Published: November 2024

Finite difference methods are widely used numerical techniques used to solve partial differential equations observed in many fields, such as science and engineering. This research presents a study on the numerical solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation, which describes anomalous diffusion and wave propagation in quantum fields and possesses a fractional derivative in the Caputo sense. The content of the paper begins by discretizing the region of the problem while taking into account the fundamental characteristics of finite difference methods. Subsequently, the time derivative algorithm, and the other terms, are discretized using the Crank-Nicolson finite difference approach, resulting in a system of algebraic equations. Solving this algebraic equation system yields numerical solutions. The numerical results are calculated for various values of the parameters associated with the equation and fractional order derivatives , leading to the computation of error norms. Graphical findings illustrate the physical behavior of approximation solutions for a variety of fraction order values. Additionally, the stability analysis of the numerical scheme is investigated using von-Neumann stability analysis. The results of this paper will help other researchers studying in the field to apply the presented method to other problems modelling the natural phenomena.
Aspir Tohumu (Carthamus Tinctorius L.) ve Çörek Otu Tohumu (Nigella Sativa L.) Soğuk Sıkım Yağlarının Fitokimyasal Özellikleri
Authors: Güngören Muhammed , Emre Mustafa Yunus
Published: November 2024

İçerdikleri yağ asitleri, fenolik maddeler ve uçucu bileşenler başta olmak üzere birçok özelliklerinden ötürü yemeklik yağlar lezzet ve sağlık açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bunlar arasında doymamış yağ asidi oranı yüksek bitkisel yağlar ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmada doymuş yağ oranı düşük, doymamış yağ oranı yüksek, antioksidan özellikteki aspir ve çörek otu tohumları soğuk sıkım yağlarının kalite parametreleri, antioksidan özellikleri, yağ asidi kompozisyonu ve uçucu bileşenleri literatüre uygun yöntemlerle analiz edilerek karşılaştırılmıştır. Yağların peroksit değerleri 7.230.46-6.450.51 meq O2/kg yağ, serbest yağ asidi değerleri %3.750.11-7.110.50 oleik asit aralıklarında tespit edilmiştir. Aspir ve çörek otu tohumu yağlarının toplam fenolik bileşimleri sırasıyla 149.503.47-274.4715.04 mg gallik asit/kg yağ ve toplam antioksidan kapasiteleri sırasıyla 28.570.62-68.350.39 mg troloks/kg yağ olarak tespit edilmiştir. Linoleik asit (70.4580.70-56.3131.13) ve oleik asit (16.9720.17-24.7800.50) yüzdeleri toplamı 80’in üzerinde ölçülmüştür. Aspir tohumu yağında 11 aldehit, 4 terpen, 2 alkol, 1 keton, 5 asit-ester bulunan 27 uçucu bileşen; çörek otu tohumu yağında 6 aldehit, 14 terpen, 3 alkol, 1 keton, 5 asit-ester bulunan 38 uçucu bileşen tespit edilmiştir. Çörek otu tohumu yağının serbest asitlik değeri, karakteri dahilinde olmakla beraber, biraz yüksek bir değerde bulunmuştur. Buna karşılık daha iyi antioksidan özelliğe sahip olduğu görülmüştür. Her iki yağın yapısında, özelliklerini olumlu etkileyecek, kendine özgü uçucu bileşenleri yanında istenmeyecek duyusal etkilere sahip bazı asitler de bulunmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, her iki yağın da içeriğindeki doymamış yağ asidi kompozisyonu ve antioksidan özellikleri için tüketici tarafından tercih edilebilecek olduğunu göstermiştir. Bunun yanında, tüketiciye ulaşıncaya kadarki aşamaların iyileştirilmesiyle bu özelliklere çok daha olumlu nitelik kazandırılabilir.
AESTHETICS OF DEATH OF MISHIMA YUKIO IN ANIME BASED ON IKEDA RYOKO’S MANGA “DEAR BROTHER”
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Grigoryuk Andrew A.
Published: November 2024

Japanese comics creator Ikeda Ryoko and writer Mishima Yukio are far from each other in their views, but some similarities can be found in their works that sometimes exceed the boundary of mere coincidence. These are hardly conscious repetitions, but rather manifestations of deep traditionalism in the works of Japanese culture of the twentieth century. The study of this issue is relevant due to the fact that it allows us to identify the moral bases of the aestheticization of death in the works of Japanese culture. There are quite a lot of similar motifs with Mishima’s aesthetics in the analyzed anime “Dear Brother (Oniisama e…)” (1991–1992), which suggests that it’s not just a coincidence. Some of these motifs include: the attraction to death; the addictive nature of beauty, which in this world is destined only to perish; the demonization and aestheticization of same-sex relationships, as well as the great influence of European decadence aesthetics. There are also motifs of revolution and youth. Among the more specific motifs, there is the theme of mirror reflections. In our article we will try to conduct a comparative analysis of the aesthetic system of the two authors, moving from the analysis of symbolic details and moral value oppositions of this anime to aesthetic generalizations, which will help to understand the continuity and difference between the aesthetics of Ikeda and Mishima. The novelty of the research lies in the comparison and conceptual translation of the aesthetics of one author into the language of another. While Ikeda is a more apolitical author favoring “little man” values, Mishima prefers more heroic attitudes. While Mishima follows aesthetics to their logical conclusion, Ikeda prefers ethical values, as she bases many of her works on Russian classics. Mishima, on the other hand, prefers Oscar Wilde as an author not affected by moralizing. Ikeda and Mishima draw different ethical conclusions from the same aesthetic material.
Huazhi Rougan Granule Alleviates Liver and Intestinal Damage in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Regulating miR-122 Expression and TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB Pathway Activation
Authors: Xie Ping , Jin Xiaowei , Li Chan , Lv Kun , Deng Ming
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

miR-122 is upregulated in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) liver
tissue, and knockdown of miR-122 protects hepatocytes from lipid metabolism disorders. This
study aimed to investigate whether Huazhi Rougan Granule (HRG) alleviates NAFLD liver and
intestinal injury by regulating the miR-122-mediated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.

Methods:

Rats with NAFLD were constructed by high-fat feeding. Serum levels of total cholesterol
(TC), triglycerides (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alanine aminotransferase
(ALT) were measured using a fully automated biochemical instrument. Histopathological
changes in the liver and small intestine were observed by HE staining. QRT-PCR detected the
expression level of miR-122 in the liver tissues. The protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, NF-
κB p65, and p-p65 in liver tissues was detected by western blotting.

Results:

HRG slowed down the weight gain of NAFLD rats, decreased (P<0.05) the levels of
TC, TG, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, LPS, and Hpt, improved the pathological status of liver
and small intestine tissues, upregulated (P<0.05) the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin, downregulated
(P<0.05) the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88, and p-p65, and inhibited (P<0.05)
the expression of miR-122.

Conclusion:

HRG may alleviate hepatic and intestinal injuries in rats with NAFLD by regulating
the miR-122-mediated TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway.

result:

HRG slowed down the weight gain of NAFLD rats, decreased the levels of TC, TG, ALT, AST, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, LPS and Hpt, improved the pathological status of liver and small intestine tissues, up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 and Occludin, down-regulated the protein expression of TLR4, MyD88 and p-p65, and inhibited the expression of miR-122.
The Computational Chemistry in Adsorption Studies: The Cases of Drug Carriers and Biosensors
Authors: García-Hernández Erwin
Published: November 2024

The study of new nanomaterials with potential applications as drug carriers
and biosensors is based on the interactions between adsorbate (drug/biomolecule) and
adsorbent (nanomaterial). Experimentally, the study of these cases has several
economic efforts because of the high cost of carrying out all experiments. In this sense,
computational chemistry is beginning to become a useful tool for designing and
developing new nanostructures with the possible application as drug carriers and
biosensors, with less economic resources. In literature, several works evidence the
usefulness of computational chemistry in this area, promoting the proposal of new
nanomaterials with peculiar characteristics.In this regard, the present chapter shows an overview of the study of drug carriers and
biosensors from an adsorption process point of view. Also, some adsorbent materials
are exemplified, as well as the main interactions present at the adsorbate-adsorbent
complex formation. Later, a bridge between computational chemistry and the
adsorption phenomena is highlighted, as well as some electronic parameters in the
framework of the density functional theory useful in these studies. Finally, two cases
are represented: the application of molecular modeling for the study of drug-carrier
nanostructures, and the design and modeling of biosensors based on nanostructures.
The Evolution of Artificial Intelligence from Philosophy to New Frontier
Authors: Singh Manisha , Jha Arbind K. , Khan Tahmeena , Raza Saman
Published: November 2024

In an era characterized by significant technical advancements in the field of
Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is crucial to comprehend AI by considering its origins
and future prospects. This chapter examines the historical origins of artificial
intelligence (AI) and explores its relationship with philosophy. It also delves into the
significant inquiries that philosophy poses regarding AI, encompassing its
metaphysical, epistemological, and axiological dimensions. The chapter additionally
provides an overview of the historical context of artificial intelligence (AI), its various
manifestations, its theoretical underpinnings, and a framework that establishes a
correlation between humans and machines, referred to as “Human-machine
Teamwork.” The chapter also explores the importance of AI in several fields and
illuminates emerging areas where artificial intelligence is also examined, giving rise to
significant inquiries. The objective of this chapter is to offer comprehensive knowledge
and a fresh viewpoint on the examination of AI by its users, producers, and designers.