bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"DIE VERBSELEKTION AUF DEM A1-NIVEAU IN DEN RUMÄNISCHALS-FREMDSPRACHE-LEHRBÜCHERN. DIE ABAKUS-METHODE"
Authors:   Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Kohn Daniela
Published: May 2023

Die meisten neueren Lehrwerke für Rumänisch als Fremdsprache (RaF) stützen sich, wie selbstverständlich, auf dem vom Europarat verfaßten Gemeinsamen europäischen Referenzrahmen für Sprachen. Die Konkretisierungen in Form von Lehrbüchern für die Niveaustufe A1 fungieren als Interpretationsmöglichkeiten des Referenzrahmens. Wortschatz- und Grammatikkenntnisse werden für jede Kannbeschreibung vor allem auf dieser ersten Stufe sorgfältig gemischt. Es sollte im Folgenden festgelegt werden, welche die Verben sind, für die sich die Lehrbuchautoren entschieden haben, auf dem A1-Niveau einzuführen. Welche sind die Verben, die für die Kannbeschreibungen dieses ersten Niveaus als Skelett fungieren? Welche sind die Formen, die als Basis des Gerüsts dienen und wie einfach war es für die Verfasser dieser Lehrmaterialien auf komplette Paradigmen zu verzichten? Der Vergleich der am meisten benutzten RaF-Lehrbücher sollte die für das A1-Niveau unumgänglichen Verben und deren entsprechenden grammatischen Formen ergeben.
Land Grabbing in Romania
Authors:   Politehnica University Timişoara, Zablatoschi Bianca , Vartolomei Mihaela ,   Politehnica University Timişoara, Bere Semeredi Iudit ,   Politehnica University Timişoara
Published: May 2023

This paper aims to raise awareness about land grabbing and its negative impact on EU countries and to find several measures to stop it. The first chapter defines the phenomenon of land grabbing, it presents its history, the factors that determine the occurrence and/or perpetuation of the phenomenon, and the effects. In the second chapter, the paper focuses on case studies of land grabbing in Romania and on the actors and institutions involved. Further on in this chapter, the phenomenon of land grabbing is analysed from the socio-economic, socio-cultural, environmental, and political points of view. The third chapter studies land grabbing from the legal point of view and land law in force in Romania. The last chapter offers several measures to stop this land-grabbing phenomenon. The research ends with the conclusions of the authors.
Massive and Repeated Molecular Testing a Tool in the Pandemic Covid-19 Prevention Management System
Authors:   Politehnica University Timişoara, Găureanu Alin , Neag Paula Nicoleta ,   Politehnica University Timişoara, Costa Ioan Mihai ,   Politehnica University Timişoara
Published: May 2023

The management of a crisis must be integrated into an ergonomic framework of the necessary measures. These measures need to be, efficient and providing the yield according to expectations, with minimal impact of the people and provide to change crisis processes to the normality. Crisis management involves applying pre-existing measures, preparatory for the entry of the crisis, for deployment (to eliminate the causes and to diminish the effects), for adaptation. In addition to generic measures, it is necessary (like the preventive system of management of occupational safety and health - OSH), to use appropriate tools: risk assessment, feedback for the measures taken, and for implementation of adaptive measures. These tools must be used periodically or updated with any change/evolution of the situation. In the situation of the COVID-19 crisis, a gold instrument. Similar with some findings in the literature, trivalent for evaluation, verification, adaptation, is the massive and periodic testing for suspects. When we have a new virus, the whole population is suspected because there is no immunity already created or administered. The paper aims, to logically associate the preventive ergonomic management system already known by OSH, with ergonomic management system of crises, through scientific research, statistic arguments, which support the massive implementation of molecular.
The Complexity of Metaphor Translation. A Case Study
Authors:   West University of Timișoara, Pungă Loredana , Golea Marius
Published: May 2023

This paper is a case study of metaphor translation. It focuses on the translation techniques used to render some of the metaphors in Oscar Wilde’s “The Picture of Dorian Grey” into Romanian. The actual case study follows after a brief overview of approaches to metaphor in general and to metaphor translation in particular. The conclusion indicates that there is a diversity of translation techniques that have been used, most of them not based on word-for-word equivalences.
A Debate on Main Aspects of Safety Management and Ergonomics in Georgia
Authors:   Georgian Technical University, Saakyan Jemma , Drăghici Anca ,   Politehnica University Timişoara, Tăucean Ilie ,   Politehnica University Timişoara
Published: May 2023

Safety management and ergonomic working conditions are two of the decisive factors in the organizational health of employees. In recent decades, industrialized countries have experienced significant changes in the functioning of labor markets and safety management systems. Increased commodity market competition, highly turbulent aggregate demand, and rapid technological advances have contributed to increased pressure on labor efficiency. Safety management and ergonomic measures are considered as one of the main important aspects of organizational behavior, which is important to regulate both at a governmental and organizational level. It is necessary to mention that ergonomics considers the physical strength and size of people. It reduces the strain on the workplace and thereby improves a person's ability to work better. Georgia is one of the Post-Soviet Union countries, located in the middle of Europe and Asia, in the South Caucasus region, where capitalism and the market economy were implemented during the last two decades. The main aspects of safety management and ergonomics are interesting in the country, which are proved by laws and accepted by national governmental agencies. Each organizational unit must consider these aspects in order to improve and establish better conditions for the working process.
The Role of Listening in ESP Classes
Authors:   University of Pitesti, Costeleanu Mirela
Published: May 2023

In today’s society, good communication skills are becoming increasingly important. In the workplace, the ability to communicate clearly and effectively with superiors, coworkers and customers is essential, no matter what industry you work in. A good communicator is able to express their thoughts and opinions, but also to listen to other people. At first sight, listening seems to be a simple concept, but, in reality, few people are adept at listening. Although it was neglected in the past, the teaching of listening skills currently plays an important role in the language classroom.
"Language and its Role in Bridging International Communication"
Authors:   University of Craiova, Leotescu Georgiana Silvia
Published: May 2023

The English language is in a continuous process of advancement as society evolves and people make distance irrelevant by communicating with each other in various ways. It is unquestionable that the development of technology has substantially improved the English language. Not only was it enriched, but it also became the official donner for many languages around the world. Words changed both their meaning and their grammatical category. A simple noun as text became the verb to text with the development of mobile phones. The word “google” started from the name of the search engine and developed into a transitive verb. The name of a company also converted into a verb and even more a concept uberization. Moreover, the association of two basic words such as face and book created a word that began to be used worldwide.
PHONETIC TRAPS FOR ROMANIAN SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH IN MEDICAL COMMUNICATION
Authors:   University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Târgu-Mureş, Serbac Patricia
Published: May 2023

Communication in the medical field is often impaired because of mistakes made by Romanian speakers of English. Confusion may appear because of the differences in the phonological systems of the two languages. The tendency of some speakers to make pronunciation mistakes touches several areas: the reproducing of vowels and consonants, the accent and the segmentation of the string of sounds. The paper brings relevant examples of pronunciation traps which should be avoided. Correct pronunciation is important both in direct communication and in telemedicine.
Combating Recession in Contemporary Times: Islamic Fiscal Policy and Nigeria’s Economic Recession
Authors: AbdulGafar Olawale FAHM  , Ishaq Mustapha AKINLASO
Published: May 2023

Recession is a major decline in fiscal activity spread across the economy, lasting more than a few months, normally visible in real GDP, real income, employment, industrial production, and wholesale-retail sales. Today, Nigeria is experiencing economic recessions because of a significant decline of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Although the steady decline in goods and services is said to be steadily been reversed to normal, notwithstanding, people are taking the news of Nigeria’s economy steady exit from recession with a pinch of salt. This is because for a large portion of the population the costs of living still remain so oppressive. The study adopts historical, phenomenological, descriptive and remedial approach, leading to the fact that Nigeria as a nation can achieve economic success through Islamic fiscal policy in order to attain economic stability, growth, and an acceptable distribution of wealth which are embodied in Islamic teachings. The study, therefore, concludes that the Islamic fiscal policy can guide Nigerian government in its spending and taxation in order to positively influence the economy.
التعليم العربي في نيجيريا بين مؤامرات التدمير ومجهودات التعمير
Authors: د. صالح محمد جمعة ألاشو
Published: May 2023

للغة العربية في المجتمع النيجيري أهمية قصوى بصفتها لغة الدين، والتاريخ،  والثقافة، والاقتصاد، والسياسة، والعلاقات الدولية، وغيرها. وقد اهتم بتعلم وتعليمها وتأسيس مراكز ومعاهد تعلمها أفراد وجماعات منذ زمن قديم، ثم الحكومات النيجيرية في الآونة الأخيرة. والعربية في نيجيريا اليوم تدرس في االمؤسسات التعليمية الخصوصية، والحكومية على المستويات المختلفة. وكان الهدف الأول في عصور تعليمها وتعلمها الأولى هو تمكين المسلمين من الفهم الصحيح لتعاليم دينهم، ثم تطور إلى اكتساب مهارات اللغة في جميع نواحيها لإعطاء دارسيها فرصة استعمالها لغة حديثة متطورة تفتح لهم نافذة واسعة للاطلاع على العالم الخارجي. وقد ركز الباحث الحالي اهتمامه على نمو اللغة العربية وتطورها في نيجيريا منذ دخولها وما حظيت بها من اعتراف واحترام وتقدم في عصور الخلافة الإسلامية في (سكتو)، وما اعتراها من تجاهل واحتقار وتأخر في أيام الاستعمار البريطاني، ثم ما نالتها من حب واهتمام وتطوير لدي العلماء المستعربين النيجيريين االمتحمسين لها. وقد نهج الباحث منهج الاسترداد التارخي وذلك باسترجاع ماضي اللغة العربية في هذه االديار، وما خلفه من آثار. وقد استعان الباحث في جمعه للمعلومات بالمقابلة الشخصية، والطريقة االاستفسارية الإلكترونية بنعم أو بلا، وخاصة عند الحديث عن المشكلات التي تواجه التعليم العربي في نيجيريا. ومما توصل إليه الباحث من النتائج ما يلي: 1-العربية هي لغة الحضارة الأولى التي اطلع عليها االشعب النيجيري وبها تثقفوا  ثقافة الكتابة والقراءة في وقت كانت الاثنتان نوعا من السحر، ولا يتقنهما إلا نفر قليل جدا في المجتمع. 2-يهتم المسلمون النيجيريون  كل اهتمام بالتعليم العربي، وقد أنفقوا  كل غال ونفيس في سبيل تطويره منذ العهد الأول إلى الوقت الحاضر.  واختتم البحث بعدد من الاقتراحات والتوصيات نحو تطوير التعليم العربي في نيجيريا.
Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Impregnated Activated Carbon and Application for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye under UV Irradiation
Authors:   Department of chemical engineering, The Kavery college of engineering, Mecheri, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India., S Balamurugan , M Arulmurugan , MR kesavamoorthi , K Kavin
Published: May 2023

The Wastewater treatment process is an increasing serious challenge for the whole world. Due to this reason, the proficient treatment of wastewaters has attracted major attentions among researchers to solve the problem. Several methods for removal of the dye contaminants from wastewater including photocatalytic degradation, adsorption, coagulation/flocculation, advanced oxidation processes, ozonation, membrane filtration and biological treatments have been developed and use. Amongst which, photocatalytic degradation has been recognized as the most popular treatment process in aqueous solution with the advantages of high efficiency and simple operation. In the past two decades, photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutant by semiconductor oxide such as TiO2, ZnO, NiO, SnO2, Cu2O, and In2O3 has attracted due to their high photo-catalytic efficiency, low cost and low toxicity, high physical and chemical stability, especially, strong ability of fully decomposing organic pollutant into harmless species. In the present work, NiO nanoparticle were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method using nickel nitrate as precursors and Sodium hydroxide as precipitating agent. The NiO nanoparticles have been successfully used as a photocatalyst for degradation of Methylene Blue dye from the aqueous medium. The synthesized nanoparticles were studied by powder XRD, EDAX, UV and FTIR spectroscopy. The powder XRD result revealed that the obtained sample structure. The particle size and the morphology of NiO nanoparticles were studied by the SEM. The EDAX and FTIR analyses confirmed the formation of NiO nanoparticles. Further, NiO impregnated activated carbon (AC-NiO) was prepared for photocatalytic degradation studies. The Photocatalytic degradation study results revealed that the AC-NiO nanocomposite was potential photocatalyst in degradation of Methylene blue (75%) when compared with plain Nio (25%).
Productive Asset Management Methodology Technique in Virtual Machines to Increase CPU Utilization
Authors:   Department of Information Science and Engg, PDA College of Engineering Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India., Patil Amareshwari , Harsoor Bharati
Published: May 2023

One of the technologies with the quickest growth is cloud computing, which is utilized in many applications where customers can access virtual machines (VMs) that are offered by cloud service providers in data centers. The ideal distribution should meet both the needs of users and service providers. A2OA, an adaptive Archimedes optimization algorithm, is the suggested mechanism for allocating resources in cloud computing. The optimization problem will be solved and user tasks will be distributed using this adaptive approach. The adaptive approach will combine the Seagull Optimization Algorithm with the Archimedes Optimization Algorithm (AOA) (SOA). The update procedure in the AOA will be improved. in cooperation with the SOA. The tasks will be distributed to the user optimally based on the proposed A2OA. In MATLAB, the suggested methodology will be put into practice, and results will be examined. Performance metrics such make span, load standard deviation, load ratio, user provider satisfaction level, response time, and convergence analysis will be used to assess how well the suggested methodology performs. The suggested approach will be contrasted with the traditional approaches, including the Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Algorithm (PSO), and Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), respectively. Key Word: Virtual machines, adaptive Archimedes optimization algorithm (A2OA), Seagull Optimization Algorithm (SOA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), maximum power, load ratio
La ville intelligente : une émergence de marketing territorial en Tunisie
Authors: Hammami Maroua , Kamoun Chouk Souad
Published: May 2023

L’article aborde le concept de « ville intelligente » comme une émergence du marketing territorial. Le cadre conceptuel réfère aux concepts de territoire et territoire intelligent en retraçant leur évolution historique et leur déploiement effectif à travers le temps. Les villes intelligentes, considérées comme un label de marketing territorial, sont caractérisées à travers la revue de la littérature sur le sujet. Le travail d’une équipe de chercheurs du centre des sciences régionales de l’Université de technologie de Vienne en Autriche où la notion de ville intelligente a été rendue opérationnelle, est utilisé comme référentiel de comparaison avec la manière dont le concept est déployé dans les articles publiés sur le sujet par les chercheurs tunisiens et dans les discours officiels accessibles via les sites web. L’objectif de cette réflexion consiste à identifier les gaps entre les deux contextes et de positionner l’usage du concept « ville intelligente » dans le contexte tunisien : s’agit-il juste d’un label de marketing territorial ou d’une application future sérieuse ?
Impact du marketing territorial : images associées à la destination Maroc chez les touristes Français
Authors: El Hadrati Adil , Chaouni Nawel
Published: May 2023

La notoriété d’une destination touristique comme le Maroc se mesure aux caractéristiques d’une marque territoriale qui évoquent des associations spontanées et influence la perception de la destination. Un constat qui a poussé les gestionnaires des destinations touristiques à revoir leurs stratégies soulignant ainsi une prise de conscience du Branding territorial. À travers cet article, nous explorons la marque « Maroc » en tant que destination touristique. L’objectif est d’analyser la perception du Maroc et les images qu’il évoque en tant que destination touristique prisée du tourisme international. Cette étude porte sur une enquête d’image auprès d’un échantillon de touristes Français afin d’analyser et de confronter l’image mise en avant du Maroc à la perception des touristes interrogés.
L’interactivité, un défi pour les organisations publiques de santé en Algérie
Authors: Laidli Chahinez
Published: May 2023

L'interactivité s’est imposée comme pratique quotidienne et objet de recherche avec le développement technologique notamment l’internet et le multimédia. C'est l’une des principales caractéristiques de la nouvelle communication basée sur l'échange, le feed-back et la participation de l'usager. Pour cela,l’exigence de sa facilitation et de sa rentabilisation nécessite la mise en œuvre des fonctionnalités et des actions à travers des applications assurant l’interactivité sur les plateformes numériques. Le présent article a pour but de mesurer les applications de l'interactivité disponibles sur deux sites électroniques de deux organisations publiques de santé en Algérie sur lesquels nous avons appliqué l'échelle de l'interactivité proposée par Heeter. Les résultats obtenus révèlent le degré de l'interactivité réalisée à travers les sites des deux organisations objet de l'étude.
A rockoon closed helium buoyancy system; a first assessment
Authors:   Department of Fluid Mechanics, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Arias Francisco
Published: May 2023

It is believed that the use of rockoons will revolutionize the space industry by giving priority service to microsatellite developers that now are secondary payloads for large rocket companies. However, stratospheric balloons, including rockoons, are typically filled with helium, the price of which has been rising sharply in the last decade, and if the tendency continues the use of helium in this technology could be seriously compromised. Here, we present a first assessment of the possibility for a helium closed buoyancy system in which helium is stored in a pressurized tank attached to the stratospheric balloon and pumped into the balloon and back by means of a centrifugal pump. Preliminary reckoning shows that by using a carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) composite as material for the storage vessel, a vessel diameter around 4.5 m will be necessary to transport a small rocket with a total mass of 150 kg. A helium closed buoyancy system will allow not just saving helium but also controlled buoyancy during lifting and the landing. Keywords: Rockoon, Helium Stratospheric Balloons, Helium Market
TÜRKİYE’DE MÜZİK VE İLETİŞİM KONULARINDA YAZILMIŞ LİSANSÜSTÜ TEZLERİN BİBLİYOMETRİK PROFİLİ
Authors: BAK Gökhan
Published: May 2023

Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de müzik ve iletişim konulu lisansüstü tezlerin bibliyometrik profilini çıkarmak ve bu konuda çalışma yapacaklara ışık tutmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı (YÖK) Ulusal Tez Merkezi resmi internet sitesi veri tabanında “müzik ve iletişim” başlıklı çalışmalara ulaşılmış, çeşitli değişkenlere göre tasnif edilerek, yüzde-frekans dağılımlarına göre incelenmiştir. Araştırmada 30 adet lisansüstü teze ulaşılmış, veri tabanında 3 adet teze erişim sağlanamadığı için 27 adet tez değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Araştırma tarama modelinde yapılmıştır. Doküman incelemesiyle verilere ulaşılmış, içerik analiziyle de veriler analiz edilmiştir. Müzik ve iletişim konulu tezler; tezin yazıldığı üniversite bilgisine, üniversitenin türüne (devlet veya vakıf), yazım diline, enstitüsüne, ana bilim/sanat dalına, bilim/sanat dalına, tezin türüne (yüksek lisans, doktora veya sanatta yeterlik), teze danışmanlık yapan akademisyenin unvanına, bulunduğu ile, yazıldığı yıla, tezde kullanılan anahtar kelimelere, sayfa sayısına ve tezde kullanılan yönteme göre ayrılarak incelenmiştir. Yapılan inceleme sonucunda, müzik ve iletişim konulu lisansüstü tezlerin dağılımına bakıldığında; büyük oranda Marmara Üniversitesinde, 50-100 sayfa aralığında ve Türkçe olarak yazıldığı görülmüştür.
The Influence of Young People on Household Decisions on Energy Efficiency
Authors: Brakovska Vita
Published: May 2023

Young people are the future members of the energy communities and form part of a climate-responsible society already now. However, in the context of the geopolitical and economic events of 2022, the awareness of young people in Latvia about energy efficiency issues and the readiness to engage in climate change mitigation processes, as well as the influence of their attitude on the decisions of adult household members in the field of energy efficiency have not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge of Latvian youth about energy efficiency issues, associations about a climate-responsible society, attitudes towards daily habits in the field of energy efficiency, as well as whether climate change issues are also discussed in young people’s families and whether young people believe that they can influence the family’s opinion or habits. 71 participants participated in the study, and the methods used are group questionnaires and interviews. The results of the research show that young people in the regions of Latvia are well aware of measures of energy efficiency, and the answers provide an insight into the various experiences they have had in their households. More than half of the research participants between the ages of 14 and 19 are aware of the amount of utility expenses and discuss with their relatives the possibilities of saving energy resources. The research also highlighted negative aspects, for example, concerning to reducing the level of household comfort in the name of climate change, young people are not strongly supporting – only a little more than half would be willing to live in cooler rooms. Young people believe that they can influence the attitude and behaviour of other household members in matters of energy resource management. The results of the study lead to the conclusion that more attention should be paid to messages dedicated to young people in public space, so that they associate themselves more as an existing or future part of the energy community, and they should be given the opportunity to set an example and explain why their actions are important to reduce climate change. The results obtained in the study can potentially contribute to the development of the digital tool designed within the RTU project ‘BRIDGE’ to promote the development of energy communities.
Dynamic U Value Measurement for Indoor Temperature Prediction with NN
Authors: Telicko Jevgenijs , Jakovičs Andris
Published: May 2023

Nowadays, monitoring and automated control are key for the power-efficient and comfortable use of buildings. As the demand for the indoor climate grows, the complexity of building control increases due to the increased number of controlled systems within the building. Therefore, control methods capable of assessing the dynamics of a task and controlling a building independently, are gaining popularity. One of these methods is a model-based predictive control, the energy efficiency of which is directly dependent on the accuracy of predictions of the state of the building. To analyse changes in the dynamics of the internal climate of a building caused by temperature changes, a relatively short history of measurements is needed. However, the analysis of changes in structural properties caused by moisture transfer requires much longer-term historical data. It is known that even neural network architectures with large core memories such as Long Short-Term memory could lose information on large time-series data. In addition, from mathematical point of view, moisture transfer is more complex than heat transfer. As a result, the approximating function for a neural network becomes more complicated, which leads to a decrease in energy performance. To solve this problem, a pre-processing technique to obtain the U value in real time is introduced. The results of a numerical simulation in WUFI6, verified by measurements, showed that the U value of an experimental construction could change by ~10 % due to moisture transfer. The experiments with 3-year monitoring data showed that usage of the proposed method in some cases reduces the average mean squared error of neural network in indoor climate forecast by ~8 %.
TRNSYS Simulation of the Use of Solar Collector-based Domestic Hot Water System in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC)
Authors: Ołtarzewska Agata , Krawczyk Dorota Anna
Published: May 2023

With the prevailing energy crisis and the public’s growing environmental awareness, renewable energy sources (sun, wind, water) are playing an increasingly important role in Europe and around the world. Due to its easy availability and relatively high efficiency, it is the solar energy that is attributed with great potential in decarbonizing the energy sector. Among the most popular devices that enable the use of solar radiation are solar collectors. They are used in heating and domestic hot water preparation systems, as well as for heating swimming pool water. However, their efficiency depends on many factors, of which the main one being the climatic conditions. This paper presents the results of energy simulations of a solar collector-based domestic hot water system for the capitals of five selected Central and Eastern European Countries (CEEC) – Riga (Latvia), Warsaw (Poland), Prague (the Czech Republic), Bratislava (Slovakia), and Zagreb (Croatia). The system model was developed using the TRNSYS software, in which dynamic simulations were also performed for an entire year (8760 h). For each location, the efficiency of the flat-plate solar collectors, the amount of useful energy generated by them, as well as the amount of energy needed to meet the load and auxiliary energy requirements were analyzed and compared. The extent to which increasing or decreasing the area of solar collectors affects the operation and efficiency of the system for different locations was also estimated. The results showed that in terms of efficiency, the use of solar collectors is most favorable in Slovakia and placed southernmost-located Croatia, where it also achieved the lowest annual auxiliary energy demand. The least favorable location, on the other hand, turned out to be the capital of Latvia. It is also worth noting that regardless of location, the area of solar collectors has a significant impact on the efficiency of the entire system.
Advancing Honey Bee Breeding: A Review of the Most Effective Methods for Introducing New Queen Bees
Authors: Smilga-Spalviņa Agnese , Spalvins Kriss , Veidenbergs Ivars
Published: May 2023

The aim of this review article is to identify the most commonly used methods for introducing new queen bees to a colony and to evaluate their success rates. Through a literature review, the authors select the most frequently used methods and assess their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the success rate for each method. While beekeepers have developed various methods for introducing new queen bees, there have been no comprehensive studies to determine which methods have the highest success rates. Successful introduction of a new queen bee is crucial for beekeeping, as unsuccessful introductions can result in the loss of queen bee material, colony collapse, development of laying worker bees and reduced productivity of the colony.
Algal Biotechnology: Properties of Bioactive Derivatives and Pharmaceutical Applications
Authors: Merlo Anna , Conti Fosca
Published: May 2023

Continuous development of new pathologies and mutations together with the increment of drug resistance make the research of new treatments and therapies more urgent and essential. Among the renewable resources, algae and related bioactive compounds are strongly considered. Algae are eukaryotic organisms characterised by high therapeutic potential. Indeed, because of biotic and abiotic factors, algae produce a wide variety of metabolites, which are useful for treating dysfunctions and diseases. The most produced metabolites are proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, polyphenols, and pigments, which find several applications in daily life, as indicated in Fig. 1. The different classes of metabolites are relevant to the species they belong to; they are also divided into groups according to their medical properties. Over the years, advantages and performances of algae derivatives have been demonstrated by a growing number of analyses and researches, especially in recent years. Among the various properties of algae metabolites, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antibacterial, antioxidant and antidiabetic are the most promising. Pigments (e.g. fucoxanthin) and polyphenols are the main compounds with anti-inflammatory activity; the latter also show antiviral, antidiabetic and antibacterial effects. Other compounds with antidiabetic activity are some xanthophylls and some polysaccharides (e.g. fucoidan and alginate). Among the antioxidant metabolites of algae, the most useful are flavonoids (i.e. polyphenols), carotenoids, pigments, vitamins, minerals and enzymes. Fatty acids show antibacterial ability, while carrageenans and other polysaccharides show both antibacterial and antiviral effects. Supporting algal research is a valid strategy to improve ongoing trials, expand or confirm obtained results, discover and include new molecules in biotechnology applications with the aim to introduce novel medical and pharmacological uses in modern medicine. A typical example is related to diabetes mellitus, which is a disease in constant growth. Nowadays, numerous trials are ongoing to develop innovative and more efficient treatments and several algae are analysed with respect to this pathology. Indeed, some algal bioactive compounds, in particular polyphenol derivatives, polysaccharides and pigments, have antidiabetic properties; these metabolites inhibit the enzymes α-glucosidase, α-amylase and aldose reductase, reduce reactive oxygen species, decrease lipid peroxidation and interfere on metabolic pathways. The results are decrement of blood glucose levels and increment of insulin values, which are critical in diabetic patients.
Mutagenesis and Selection Strategies of SCO and Carotenoid Producing Microorganisms
Authors: Feldmane Linda , Raita Svetlana , Spalviņš Krišs
Published: May 2023

Biotechnologies of microorganisms for producing various industrially important products, such as single-cell oil (SCO), single-cell protein (SCP), carotenoid, enzymes, etc., have been studied since the last century and are of current actuality to the present day. The SCO and carotenoids are an alternative to oil of plant and animal origin and to pigment of plant and synthetic origin, respectively. These cellular components of microorganisms can be used in the food, aquaculture and livestock feed, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. However, microorganisms-based technologies have not found ubiquitous practice due to a number of limitations. One of them is the threshold of the oil and carotenoids content in the biomass of microorganisms due to their nature. Therefore, the development of the fast-growing strains with a high level of these product accumulation is required. Random mutagenesis, adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE), and genetic engineering are used for strain improvement. This paper reviews random mutagenesis as a simple, cost-effective tool for improving single-cell oil and carotenoid synthesis in microorganisms, followed by the selecting of mutants with preferable characteristics. Nevertheless, it should be considered that random mutagenesis accelerates naturally occurring nonspecific mutations by exposure to a physical or chemical mutagenic agent. Despite the result of a large variety of created mutants, the characteristics of the mutants can be unstable and reversible. Therefore, different cultivation strategies for developing traits of interest and testing their persistence are reviewed in this study. Choosing effective mutagenesis techniques, screening, and selection methods is essential for creating suitable mutant strains. Various strengths and drawbacks of such tools are discussed in this review, and the main directions for further development are highlighted.
Strategies for the Microbial Carotenoids Production Competitiveness Improvement
Authors: Raita Svetlana , Feldmane Linda , Kusnere Zane , Spalvins Kriss , Kuzmika Iveta , Mika Taras
Published: May 2023

The research and development of carotenoids production have a long history, and interest in this group of pigments has not decreased to this day. Among all existing carotenoids, six are considered industrially important: astaxanthin, β-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and lycopene. These carotenoids have a wide range of application and are used as additives in food and beverage, feed, nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics due to their bioactive and colour properties. An undisputed leader in the global pigment market is chemically synthesized carotenoids. To a lesser extent, carotenoids derived from natural sources as plants and microorganisms. Currently, the market of natural carotenoids is mainly represented by microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis, Dunaliella salina, Botryococcus braunii, fungus Blakeslea trispora, yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and bacteria Paracoccus carotinifaciens. These microorganisms afford the production of astaxanthin, βcarotene, canthaxanthin, and lycopene. In turn, lutein is obtained by extracting marigold flowers Tagetes eracta L. and there is no other competitive source yet. Therefore, the potential of microorganisms to synthesize and accumulate lutein and other equally important carotenoids in their cells has been actively studied. Several yeast and bacteria species from Rhodosporidium, Rhodotorula, Sporobolomyces, Sphingomonas, Gordonia, and Sphingobacterium genus have a potential to replenish the diversity of sources of industrially important natural pigments, but available technologies still need improving. This paper reviews strategies for increasing of competitiveness of fungal and bacterial carotenoids production. Strategies such as selection of carotenogenic strain, use of low-cost substrates, simultaneous production of carotenoids and other value-added compounds, and optimization of fermentation medium and conditions are considered.
Comparative Analysis of the CO2 Extraction from Biogas Absorption Processes Effectiveness
Authors: Zhuk Hennadiy , Ivanov Yurii , Onopa Liliya , Krushnevych Serhii , Soltanibereshne Mekhrzad
Published: May 2023

Currently, the developed EU countries have implemented biomethane production projects from biogas, supply it to natural gas distribution grid with subsequent production of electricity or (and) heat, and use biomethane as motor fuel or supply to the gas network. It is also extremely relevant for Ukraine, supposing the problems with gas import due to Russian aggression and the presence of a large agricultural potential. The concern that arises is the rational choice of the technology for producing biomethane from biogas.The Gas Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine has extensive experience in the development of technologies for the biogas collection, its direct usage, and CO2 extraction by the amine absorption method. Some of the technologies have been implemented at landfills in Ukraine. Data on other methods of CO2 extraction are widely available in world publications, so the authors compared the technologies from the point of view of their practical use possibility. Using computer modeling, the energy costs during the production of biomethane from biogas using the most advanced amine and water absorption processes for cleaning biogas from carbon dioxide were analysed. The combined water-amine absorption method of biogas purification from CO2 was included in the comparative analysis in which carbon dioxide was previously removed by water absorption at a pressure up to 0.3 MPa and output finally purified by amine absorption. Calculations for amine technology are verified in a pilot study.For a range of the CO2 concentration in biogas 32– 42 % vol., the specific energy consumption when using water absorption, the extraction of carbon dioxide from biogas is on average two times less compared to amine absorption, but at the same time the loss of CH4 due to its solubility during water absorption amounted to 7.1–7.6 %, with practically no losses of CH4 in amine absorption, and minor losses (0.17–2.8 %) in combined water-amine technology.The energy consumption of combined water-amine absorption is comparable to that of water absorption due to: a) reduction of heat losses for regeneration process of saturated amine absorbent, as part of CO2 has already been removed with water technology; b) using the CH4 excess to compensate power consumption of the biogas compressor during the preliminary water absorption of CO2 and/ or to compensate heat costs of the saturated amine absorbent regeneration.The results of extracting carbon dioxide from biogas processes modeling can be used to optimize technological absorption schemes for the production of biomethane, an analogue of natural gas.
Mobility as Service: How Changing Travel use Habits will Affect the Transition of Cities to Climate Neutrality
Authors: Gulbe Madara , Barisa Aiga
Published: May 2023

Transportation contributes significantly to air pollution and carbon emissions in cities, negatively impacting human health and the environment. Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is considered one of the promising solutions to this problem, as it reduces the number of trips by private vehicles. MaaS integrates different modes of transportation such as buses, trains, bicycles, and cars into a single platform, which increases the attractiveness of shared transportation and micromobility tools for users and facilitates the shift from private cars to more environmentally friendly modes of transportation. MaaS brings tangible changes in transportation use behavior. Research on behavioral factors influencing MaaS use and their relationship to transportation habits is underdeveloped, especially in regions with high levels of private car use and low environmental awareness. This article presents the results of a survey aimed at identifying the factors that influence transportation user behavior and the policies needed to promote MaaS adoption. These data are then used to assess the impact of MaaS on cities’ efforts to achieve carbon neutrality. The survey was conducted in the city of Riga, the capital of Latvia, and analyzes factors such as necessary changes in infrastructure, service design, pricing, public awareness, and information efforts to reduce carbon emissions.
Analysis of Textile Circularity Potential
Authors: Valtere Megija , Bezrucko Tereza , Blumberga Dagnija
Published: May 2023

Global annual textile consumption has doubled in the last two decades and is expected to keep increasing [1]. Since the textile system operates primarily in a linear way, it is highly polluting and creates a lot of waste. But nevertheless, it has a high potential for circularity since most textile products can be recycled or reused. Today most of the waste ends up in landfills, and less than 1% is recycled back into textiles [2]. This study aims to gather information and evaluate which textile product group has the highest potential for circular economy growth. It covers three main textile product streams: fashion, home, and technical textiles. The groups were compared using eleven criteria: environmental impact, washes, market demand, technology energy efficiency, social aspect, production, export/import, landfilled waste, recycled waste, synthetic materials, projected lifetime. Indicative values have been found for each sustainability indicator by using and mathematically transforming data from the scientific literature. The evaluation method used in this study was multi-criteria decision analysis. The results indicated that the fashion textile group has the most significant potential for circular economy development.
Climate Change: a Multiplier for Terrorist Activity
Authors: Charalampopoulos Nikos , Feofilovs Maksims
Published: May 2023

Over the past ten years, both understanding and awareness of the links between climate change and security have increased. However, those links are not simple and clear. The growing impacts of climate change do not automatically lead to more violence and conflict. Rather, climate change acts as a threat multiplier. The study addresses the question of how the impacts of climate change are a contributing factor in the rise and growth of terrorism and political violence in African regions. To explain the complexity of the problem, a system dynamics model structure is presented in the form of casual loop diagrams. The dynamic behavior in livelihood arises from negative impacts of climate change on livelihoods in many countries and regions through, e.g. water and land scarcity, food insecurity and migration. The affected population groups are becoming more vulnerable not only to negative climate developments but also to recruitments by violent groups such as Al-Qaeda, Islamic State, Al-Shabaab or other militia. These terrorist groups can offer alternative livelihoods, economic motivations, and responses to possible political and economic dissatisfactions. This does not imply that there is a direct link between climate change and terrorists-related violence and conflict. However, environmental impacts and climatic change contributes to creating conditions in which these groups can thrive and facilitate the pursuit of their strategies. Further, violent groups are using natural resources as a weapon of war. In fragile environments, these groups can use water resources as a weapon or reduce access to natural resources. This development creates a dynamic for these groups, considering the fact that the scarcer resources become, the more power is given to those who controls them. Climate change will increasingly challenge the states’ abilities to provide services and stability. In particular, extreme climate events can threaten the relationship between governments and populations. In such a case, a poor and slow government response could contribute to further instability, fragility, violence and strengthening of violent groups.
Application of Citeromyces Siamensis for Molasses Wastewater Decolorization
Authors: Chutrtong ่Jaruwan , Boonman Narumon , Sangsuwon Chanyapat
Published: May 2023

Molasses is a brownish black viscous liquid produced in the last step of the cane sugar separating process. Molasses can be used in many industries, such as fertilizer production, animal husbandry, alcohol production, monosodium glutamate production, and acetic acid making. In Thailand, it is mainly used to produce alcohol and as animal feed. Molasses waste water is high in biochemical and chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids. If released into the environment without treatment, it will cause many environmental problems. Moreover, the molasses wastewater contains melanodin that is difficult to remove, which gives it a dark colour. The treated water, therefore, has a dark colour. If the treated water is released into a natural water source, it will cause the water to have an unusually dark colour. This research aims to study the optimum conditions for using Citeromyces siamensis microorganisms for biological disposal of wastewater. The experiment was conducted to find conditions that promote the reduction of the colour of molasses in wastewater. It has been found that the addition of 1 % glucose and 1 % peptone is more effective in decolourization by Citeromyces siamensis than the addition of other nutrients.
Utilizing Manufacturing Waste by Developing New Bio-Based Building Materials
Authors: Ārgalis Pauls Pāvils , Sinka Maris , Andzs Martins , Korjakins Aleksandrs , Bajare Diana
Published: May 2023

In the last decade, more research has been concentrated on reducing the usage of natural resources and waste management in construction building materials. There are many possibilities for reducing the waste from this sector, ranging from waste being used as filler materials to developing new binders and building materials. This research concentrates on bio-based building material development from wood-wool cement board manufacturing waste. The authors have found that a new bio-based building material can be produced using manufacturing waste. Two fractions of waste were used in this study. One fraction was the wood wool fibers mixed with cement that have fallen off the manufacturing chain and thus cannot be used to make wood-wool cement boards. This fraction was used as the filler material. The second fraction was the dust fraction in the quality assessment phase, where the wood-wool cement boards are sanded for better surface quality. This fraction is then vacuumed out of the manufacturing plant to avoid air pollution from the dust particles. The dust fraction contains wood wool fibers and hydrated and unhydrated cement particles. The cement particles are conglomerated when the mixing process of water, cement and wood fibers occurs. The hydrated cement particles stick around the unhydrated cement particles, encapsulating them. This results in not all the cement used to manufacture wood-wool cement boards. These conglomerates, however, can be broken down with a milling process and can hydrate once the water has been added. The binder with the filler material was used to develop bio-based building materials. The developed materials were tested for their apparent density, compressive strength, and thermal conductivity coefficient. The obtained results showed promising data for self-bearing bio-based building materials to be similar to other bio-based materials for their thermal properties and use as thermal insulation materials. The apparent density of the developed bio-based composites was 384–555 kg/ m3. The conclusion was made that by using waste materials for the production of bio-based building materials, it is possible to reduce the overall waste of the manufacturing plant and increase the sustainability aspect of wood-cement board manufacturers.