bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sorption–desorption of fipronil in some soils, as influenced by ionic strength, pH and temperature
Authors: Singh Anand , Srivastava Anjana , Srivastava Prakash C
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

The sorption–desorpion of fipronil insecticide is influenced by soil properties and variables such as pH, ionic strength, temperature, etc. A better understanding of soil properties and these variables in sorption–desorption processes by quantification of fipronil using liquid chromatography may help to optimise suitable soil management to reduce contamination of surface and groundwaters. In the present investigation, the sorption–desorption of fipronil was studied in some soils at varying concentrations, ionic strengths, temperatures and pH values, and IR specta of fipronil sorbed onto soils were studied.

RESULT

The sorption of fipronil onto soils conformed to the Freundlich isotherm model. The sorption–desorption of fipronil varied with ionic strength in each of the soils. Sorption decreased but desorption increased with temperature. Sorption did not change with increasing pH, but for desorption there was no correlation. The cumulative desorption of fipronil from soil was significantly and inversely related to soil organic carbon content. IR spectra of sorbed fipronil showed the involvement of amino, nitrile, sulfone, chloro and fluoro groups and the pyrazole nucleus of the fipronil molecule.

CONCLUSION

The sorption of fipronil onto soils appeared to be a physical process with the involvement of hydrogen bonding. An increase in soil organic carbon may help to reduce desorption of fipronil. High‐temperature regimes are more conducive to the desorption. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Analyzing disease recurrence with missing at risk information
Authors: Štupnik Tomaž , Perme Maja Pohar
Published: October 2015

When analyzing time to disease recurrence, we sometimes need to work with data where all the recurrences are recorded, but no information is available on the possible deaths. This may occur when studying diseases of benign nature where patients are only seen at disease recurrences or in poorly‐designed registries of benign diseases or medical device implantations without sufficient patient identifiers to obtain their dead/alive status at a later date. When the average time to disease recurrence is long enough in comparison with the expected survival of the patients, statistical analysis of such data can be significantly biased. Under the assumption that the expected survival of an individual is not influenced by the disease itself, general population mortality tables may be used to remove this bias. We show why the intuitive solution of simply imputing the patient's expected survival time does not give unbiased estimates of the usual quantities of interest in survival analysis and further explain that cumulative incidence function analysis does not require additional assumptions on general population mortality. We provide an alternative framework that allows unbiased estimation and introduce two new approaches: an iterative imputation method and a mortality adjusted at risk function. Their properties are carefully studied, with the results supported by simulations and illustrated on a real‐world example. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An axial flux magnetically geared permanent magnet wind generator
Authors: Wang Rong‐Jie , Brönn Lodewyk , Gerber Stiaan , Tlali Pushman
Published: October 2015

This paper presents the design, construction, and experimental performance evaluation of an axial flux magnetically geared permanent magnet (MGPM) machine for wind power application. The optimum electromagnetic design for both magnetically coupled and decoupled configurations is described. Considering the complex structure of the axial flux MGPM machine, special attention is also paid to the mechanical design aspects. The optimized results show that a torque density in excess of 100 kNm/m3 could be achieved for the active gear part. The inherent overload protection of the MGPM machine has also been demonstrated. Furthermore, the design‐related aspects and issues are analyzed and discussed in detail in an attempt to outline problem areas in the design process. Relevant discussions are given and conclusions are drawn. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Lagrangian‐based equivalent circuit of basic electric‐field coupling wireless power transfer system
Authors: Umegami Hirokatsu , Umetani Kazuhiro , Yamamoto Masayoshi , Hiraki Eiji
Published: October 2015

Electric‐field coupling wireless power transfer has been commonly analyzed using the circuit model. However, the circuit behavior of this model is not necessarily apparent because their resonant modes can be far complicated than the basic LC oscillation. This issue is addressed in this paper by proposing a novel equivalent circuit for a basic wireless power transfer system. This equivalent circuit has a simpler topology than the conventional circuit model. Furthermore, the equivalent circuit allows intuitive understanding of three types of the resonant modes. Along with theoretical derivation of the proposed equivalent circuit, this paper also presents simulation results, which verified the appropriateness of the equivalent circuit. © 2015 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sperm dysfunction and ciliopathy
Authors: Inaba Kazuo , Mizuno Katsutoshi
Published: October 2015

Sperm motility is driven by motile cytoskeletal elements in the tail, called axonemes. The structure of axonemes consists of 9 + 2 microtubules, molecular motors (dyneins), and their regulatory structures. Axonemes are well conserved in motile cilia and flagella through eukaryotic evolution. Deficiency in the axonemal structure causes defects in sperm motility, and often leads to male infertility. It has been known since the 1970s that, in some cases, male infertility is linked with other symptoms or diseases such as Kartagener syndrome. Given that these links are mostly caused by deficiencies in the common components of cilia and flagella, they are called “immotile cilia syndrome” or “primary ciliary dyskinesia,” or more recently, “ciliopathy,” which includes deficiencies in primary and sensory cilia. Here, we review the structure of the sperm flagellum and epithelial cilia in the human body, and discuss how male fertility is linked to ciliopathy.
Mechanism of frequency lock-in in vortex-induced vibrations at low Reynolds numbers
Authors: Zhang Weiwei , Li Xintao , Ye Zhengyin , Jiang Yuewen
Published: October 2015

In this study, a CFD-based linear dynamics model combined with the direct Computational Fluid Dynamics/Computational Structural Dynamics (CFD/CSD) simulation method is utilized to study the physical mechanisms underlying frequency lock-in in vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs). An identification method is employed to construct the reduced-order models (ROMs) of unsteady aerodynamics for the incompressible flow past a vibrating cylinder at low Reynolds numbers ($Re$). Reduced-order-model-based fluid–structure interaction models for VIV are also constructed by coupling ROMs and structural motion equations. The effects of the natural frequency of the cylinder, mass ratio and structural damping coefficient on the dynamics of the coupled system at$Re=60$are investigated. The results show that the frequency lock-in phenomenon at low Reynolds numbers can be divided into two patterns according to different induced mechanisms. The two patterns are ‘resonance-induced lock-in’ and ‘flutter-induced lock-in’. When the natural frequency of the cylinder is in the vicinity of the eigenfrequency of the uncoupled wake mode (WM), only the WM is unstable. The dynamics of the coupled system is dominated by resonance. Meanwhile, for relatively high natural frequencies (i.e. greater than the eigenfrequency of the uncoupled WM), the structure mode becomes unstable, and the coupling between the two unstable modes eventually leads to flutter. Flutter is the root cause of frequency lock-in and the higher vibration amplitude of the cylinder than that of the resonance region. This result provides evidence for the finding of De Langre (J. Fluids Struct., vol. 22, 2006, pp. 783–791) that frequency lock-in is caused by coupled-mode flutter. The linear model exactly predicts the onset reduced velocity of frequency lock-in compared with that of direct numerical simulations. In addition, the transition frequency predicted by the linear model is in close coincidence with the amplitude of the lift coefficient of a fixed cylinder for high mass ratios. Therefore, it confirms that linear models can capture a significant part of the inherent physics of the frequency lock-in phenomenon.
EDITORIAL FOREWORD
Authors: Khater Akram , Culang Jeffrey
Published: October 2015

How to realize your self? This question, reflective of neoliberal understandings of individual subjectivity and the sacred, is the basis of the Egyptian self-help guide whose artwork graces this issue's cover. The book is one among hundreds like it that can be bought in Egypt's bookstalls and bookstores, from where they circulate through the homes and workplaces of readers. This growing and popular corpus is the focus of Jeffrey T. Kenney's “Selling Success, Nurturing the Self: Self-Help Literature, Capitalist Values, and the Sacralization of Subjective Life in Egypt,” the first of two articles that make up the section “Therapeutic Discourses.” Kenney argues that as capitalism has expanded in Egypt, it has given rise to a pervasive consumer culture and, relatedly, a self-help literature that competes with Islamic etiquette manuals. Mixing modern ideas and ethical practices to form varied and unpredictable combinations, self-help has become a flat universal idiom, but what has given it its legitimacy in Egypt is its association with local tradition. “The inherent message of self-help,” Kenney writes, “is not simply the glorification of the individual but, more pointedly, the sacralization of the self and subjective life choices—an interpretive trend that, in Egypt, simultaneously functionalizes Islam and fosters new understandings of what it means to be Muslim.”
THE VERNACULAR JOURNEY: RAILWAY TRAVELERS IN EARLY PAHLAVI IRAN, 1925–50
Authors: Koyagi Mikiya
Published: October 2015

Exploring how railway technology was incorporated into the everyday lives of Iranians during the second quarter of the 20th century, this article focuses on spatial discourses and practices around the Iranian railway. The first part investigates Iranian journalists' construction of the railway traveler prototype as the propagator of modernity prior to the completion of the Trans-Iranian Railway in 1938. The second part shows how in the 1940s the railway space became a microcosm of the heterogeneous Iranian nation, and explores how middle-class travelers experienced the railway space. I argue that the railway space, rather than creating a homogeneous experience of railway journeys, was conducive to fragmented experiences among its diverse occupants, who were divided by religion, socioeconomic status, cultural orientation, and ethnicity. The visibility of heterogeneity in the railway space compelled modern middle-class travelers to consolidate their class identity and distinguish themselves from the rest of Iranian society. Wanting to achieve a homogeneously Europeanized Iran, they also felt compelled to travel the country more extensively to create a national community connected through direct interaction.
The Grammar of Denial: State, Society, and Turkish–Armenian Relations
Authors: Bayraktar Seyhan
Published: October 2015

The existing literature on the denial of the Armenian Genocide of 1915 tends to concentrate on either the Turkish state's political practices or civil society's increasing openness to alternative readings of the event. I argue that both approaches reduce denialism to the political practices and defense mechanisms of Turkey by prioritizing the state as the sole agent of genocide denial. Although the state is indeed a dominant actor of denialism, to juxtapose state and society is to overlook the power that restsin the discourse itselfand its pervasiveness across different—at times even competing—social and political settings.
Eosinophilic oesophagitis: a systematic review for otolaryngologists
Authors: Bahgat M , Dawe N , Flood L
Published: October 2015

Background:

Eosinophilic oesophagitis is a chronic, immune/antigen-mediated oesophageal disease, only recently, but increasingly, recognised in the world literature. It is diagnosed and managed primarily by medical gastroenterologists and allergy specialists, and is a distinct disease entity, affecting both children and adults. Few studies have been published in otolaryngology journals, although otolaryngologists will encounter patients with undiagnosed eosinophilic oesophagitis. Patients may present with dysphagia, bolus obstruction or with other ENT disorders, such as atopic rhinitis, reflecting the underlying systemic allergic disorder.

Objective:

This paper systematically reviews the evidence base published on the epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of eosinophilic oesophagitis, particularly as it relates to otolaryngology practice.
Old(er) care home residents and sexual/intimate citizenship
Authors: SIMPSON PAUL , HORNE MARIA , BROWN LAURA J. E. , WILSON CHRISTINE BROWN , DICKINSON TOMMY , TORKINGTON KATE
Published: October 2015

Sexuality and intimacy in care homes for older people are overshadowed by concern with prolonging physical and/or psychological autonomy. When sexuality and intimacy have been addressed in scholarship, this can reflect a sexological focus concerned with how to continue sexual activity with reduced capacity. We review the (Anglophone) academic and practitioner literatures bearing on sexuality and intimacy in relation to older care home residents (though much of this applies to older people generally). We highlight how ageism (or ageist erotophobia), which defines older people as post-sexual, restricts opportunities for the expression of sexuality and intimacy. In doing so, we draw attention to more critical writing that recognises constraints on sexuality and intimacy and indicates solutions to some of the problems identified. We also highlight problems faced by lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans (LGB&T) residents who are doubly excluded from sexual/intimate citizenship because of ageism combined with the heterosexual assumption. Older LGB&T residents/individuals can feel obliged to deny or disguise their identity. We conclude by outlining an agenda for research based on more sociologically informed practitioner-led work.
Breast-feeding and postpartum maternal weight trajectories
Authors: Mullaney Laura , O’Higgins Amy C , Cawley Shona , Kennedy Rachel , McCartney Daniel , Turner Michael J
Published: October 2015

Objective

We examined whether breast-feeding, and in particular exclusive breast-feeding, was associated with maternal weight and body composition changes at 4 months postpartum independently of other maternal variables.

Design

Prospective longitudinal study. Women were recruited in the first trimester after an ultrasound examination confirmed an ongoing singleton pregnancy. Weight and body composition were measured using advanced bio-electrical impedance analysis at the first antenatal visit and 4 months postpartum. Detailed questionnaires were completed on breast-feeding, socio-economic status, diet and exercise in addition to routine clinical and sociodemographic details.

Setting

Large Irish university maternity hospital.

Subjects

Women who delivered a baby weighing ≥500 g between November 2012 and March 2014.

Results

At the postpartum visit, the mean weight was 70·9 (sd14·2) kg (n470) and the mean BMI was 25·9 (sd5·0) kg/m2. ‘Any breast-feeding’ was reported by 65·1 % of women (n306). Irish nativity (OR=0·085,P<0·001), current smoking (OR=0·385,P=0·01), relative income poverty (OR=0·421,P=0·04) and deprivation (OR=0·458,P=0·02) were negatively associated with exclusive breast-feeding. At 4 months postpartum there was no difference in maternal weight change between women who exclusively breast-fed and those who formula-fed (+2·0v. +1·1 kg,P=0·13). Women who exclusively breast-fed had a greater increase in percentage body fat at 4 months postpartum compared with women who formula-fed (+1·0v. −0·03 %,P=0·02), even though their dietary quality was better. Exclusive breast-feeding was not associated with postpartum maternal weight or body fat percentage change after adjusting for other maternal variables.

Conclusions

There are many reasons why breast-feeding should be strongly promoted but we found no evidence to support postpartum weight management as an advantage of breast-feeding.
Fireworms (Amphinomidae: Annelida) from Ascension and Saint Helena Island, Central South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Yáñez-Rivera Beatriz , Brown Judith
Published: October 2015

Ascension and Saint Helena Islands are isolated volcanic islands in the South Atlantic Ocean. Records of annelids from the family Amphinomidae, commonly known as fireworms, are rare. Fireworm species recorded in both localities includeEurythoe complanataandHermodice carunculata,which are broadly distributed throughout the Atlantic Ocean. Here we present the characterization of both species from a recent expedition to Ascension and Saint Helena. Morphologically, specimens fromH. carunculatacorrespond to the West Atlantic population, whileE. complanataspecimens were clearly identified based on chaetal type. A genetic analysis, including material from Ascension and Saint Helena Islands, will be necessary to elucidate the genetic connectivity across the Atlantic Ocean.
Switchable square ring bandpass to bandstop filter for ultra-wideband applications
Authors: Alqaisy Mushtaq , Chakrabraty Chandan K. , Ali Jawad K. , Alhawari Adam Reda , Saeidi Tale
Published: October 2015

In this manuscript, serial-shunt of square ring resonators with step-impedance open circuited stub resonators to produce a new on-off switchable bandpass to bandstop response in the same ultra-wideband microstrip filter structure is proposed. The closed ring of series-shunt square ring resonators with a combine stubs are introduced to excite the bandpass response while bandstop characteristic excited when gaps are embedded in the corners of the square ring resonators. The main advantage of this microstrip filter is its capability to switch from bandpass-to-bandstop operation using open-short gap, respectively. A microwave simulator is utilized to show the switchable case by replacing Skyworks radio frequency diodes (RF-PIN) instead of those gaps. The entire filter models have been simulated using the computer simulation technology (CST) Microwave Studio. The computed results for the proposed filters were compared with the measured results of the both prototype structures (bandpass- and bandstop-filter). The codes also showed good agreement between them. Other advantages include being small in size, and low in effective cost.
Staging cognitive impairment and incidence of dementia
Authors: Santabárbara J. , Lopez-Anton R. , Gracia-García P. , De-la-Cámara C. , Vaquero-Puyuelo D. , Lobo E. , Marcos G. , Salvador-Carulla L. , Palomo T. , Sartorius N. , Lobo A.
Published: October 2015

Aims.

In a background of interest in staging models in psychiatry, we tested the validity of a simple staging model of cognitive impairment to predict incident dementia.

Method.

A large community sample of adults aged ≥55 years (N = 4803) was assessed in the baseline of a longitudinal, four-wave epidemiological enquiry. A two-phase assessment was implemented in each wave, and the instruments used included the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE); the History and Aetiology Schedule and the Geriatric Mental State-AGECAT. For the standardised degree of cognitive impairment Perneczky et al's MMSE criteria were applied. A panel of psychiatrists diagnosed cases of dementia according to DSM-IV criteria, and cases and sub-cases of dementia were excluded for the follow-up waves. Competing risk regression models, adjusted by potential confounders, were used to test the hypothesised association between MMSE levels and dementia risk.

Results.

Out of the 4057 participants followed up, 607 (14.9%) were classified as ‘normal’ (no cognitive impairment), 2672 (65.8%) as ‘questionable’ cognitive impairment, 732 (18.0%) had ‘mild’ cognitive impairment, 38 (0.9%) had ‘moderate’ cognitive impairment and eight (0.2%) had ‘severe’ impairment.

Cognitive impairment was associated with risk of dementia, the risk increasing in parallel with the level of impairment (hazard ratio: 2.72, 4.78 and 8.38 in the ‘questionable’, ‘mild’ and ‘moderate’ level of cognitive impairment, respectively).

Conclusions.

The documented gradient of increased risk of dementia associated with the severity level of cognitive impairment supports the validity of the simple staging model based on the MMSE assessment.
How astrocyte networks may contribute to cerebral metabolite clearance
Authors: Asgari Mahdi , de Zélicourt Diane , Kurtcuoglu Vartan
Published: October 2015

The brain possesses an intricate network of interconnected fluid pathways that are vital to the maintenance of its homeostasis. With diffusion being the main mode of solute transport in cerebral tissue, it is not clear how bulk flow through these pathways is involved in the removal of metabolites. In this computational study, we show that networks of astrocytes may contribute to the passage of solutes between tissue and paravascular spaces (PVS) by serving as low resistance pathways to bulk water flow. The astrocyte networks are connected through aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels with a parallel, extracellular route carrying metabolites. Inhibition of the intracellular route by deletion of AQP4 causes a reduction of bulk flow between tissue and PVS, leading to reduced metabolite clearance into the venous PVS or, as observed in animal studies, a reduction of tracer influx from arterial PVS into the brain tissue.
A novel immunofluorescent assay to investigate oxidative phosphorylation deficiency in mitochondrial myopathy: understanding mechanisms and improving diagnosis
Authors: Rocha Mariana C. , Grady John P. , Grünewald Anne , Vincent Amy , Dobson Philip F. , Taylor Robert W. , Turnbull Doug M. , Rygiel Karolina A.
Published: October 2015

Oxidative phosphorylation defects in human tissues are often challenging to quantify due to a mosaic pattern of deficiency. Biochemical assays are difficult to interpret due to the varying enzyme deficiency levels found in individual cells. Histochemical analysis allows semi-quantitative assessment of complex II and complex IV activities, but there is no validated histochemical assay to assess complex I activity which is frequently affected in mitochondrial pathology. To help improve the diagnosis of mitochondrial disease and to study the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial abnormalities in disease, we have developed a quadruple immunofluorescent technique enabling the quantification of key respiratory chain subunits of complexes I and IV, together with an indicator of mitochondrial mass and a cell membrane marker. This assay gives precise and objective quantification of protein abundance in large numbers of individual muscle fibres. By assessing muscle biopsies from subjects with a range of different mitochondrial genetic defects we have demonstrated that specific genotypes exhibit distinct biochemical signatures in muscle, providing evidence for the diagnostic use of the technique, as well as insight into the underlying molecular pathology. Stringent testing for reproducibility and sensitivity confirms the potential value of the technique for mechanistic studies of disease and in the evaluation of therapeutic approaches.
Determining the N-terminal orientations of recombinant transmembrane proteins in the Escherichia coli plasma membrane
Authors: Lee Chien-Hsien , Chou Chia-Cheng , Hsu Min-Feng , Wang Andrew H.-J.
Published: October 2015

In silico algorithms have been the common approach for transmembrane (TM) protein topology prediction. However, computational tools may produce questionable results and experimental validation has proven difficult. Although biochemical strategies are available to determine the C-terminal orientation of TM proteins, experimental strategies to determine the N-terminal orientation are still limited but needed because the N-terminal end is essential for membrane targeting. Here, we describe a new and easy method to effectively determine the N-terminal orientation of the target TM proteins in Escherichia coli plasma membrane environment. D94N, the mutant of bacteriorhodopsin from Haloarcula marismortui, can be a fusion partner to increase the production of the target TM proteins if their N-termini are in cytoplasm (Nin orientation). To create a suitable linker for orientating the target TM proteins with the periplasmic N-termini (Nout orientation) correctly, we designed a three-TM-helix linker fused at the C-terminus of D94N fusion partner (termed D94N-3TM) and found that D94N-3TM can specifically improve the production of the Nout target TM proteins. In conclusion, D94N and D94N-3TM fusion partners can be applied to determine the N-terminal end of the target TM proteins oriented either Nin or Nout by evaluating the net expression of the fusion proteins.
An improved scheme on decoy-state method for measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution
Authors: Wang Dong , Li Mo , Guo Guang-Can , Wang Qin
Published: October 2015

Quantum key distribution involving decoy-states is a significant application of quantum information. By using three-intensity decoy-states of single-photon-added coherent sources, we propose a practically realizable scheme on quantum key distribution which approaches very closely the ideal asymptotic case of an infinite number of decoy-states. We make a comparative study between this scheme and two other existing ones, i.e., two-intensity decoy-states with single-photon-added coherent sources and three-intensity decoy-states with weak coherent sources. Through numerical analysis, we demonstrate the advantages of our scheme in secure transmission distance and the final key generation rate.
Transmission of Hundred-keV Protons through Insulating Nanocapillaries: Charge-patch-assisted Specular Reflections
Authors: Wang G. Y. , Shao J. X. , Song Q. , Mo D. , Yang A. X. , Ma X. , Zhou W. , Cui Y. , Li Y. , Liu Z. L. , Chen X. M.
Published: October 2015

In this work, we measured the time evolution of the transmission features of 10–100 keV protons transmitted through nanocapillaries in a polycarbonate (PC) membrane. After reaching equilibrium, transmitted particles with an incident energy of 100 keV were located around the direction along the incident beam but not along the capillary axis, indicating that the transport mechanism of the 100 keV ion was distinct from that of keV-energy ions. The simulation results indicated that charge-patch-assisted collective scatterings on the surface are the main transport mechanism for the hundred-keV ions in nanocapillaries. This scenario fills in the gap in the previous understanding of ion transmission in nanocapillaries from keV to MeV energies.
Correction: Corrigendum: AGM2015: Antineutrino Global Map 2015
Authors: Usman S. M. , Jocher G. R. , Dye S. T. , McDonough W. F. , Learned J. G.
Published: October 2015

Every second greater than 1025 antineutrinos radiate to space from Earth, shining like a faint antineutrino star. Underground antineutrino detectors have revealed the rapidly decaying fission products inside nuclear reactors, verified the long-lived radioactivity inside our planet, and informed sensitive experiments for probing fundamental physics. Mapping the anisotropic antineutrino flux and energy spectrum advance geoscience by defining the amount and distribution of radioactive power within Earth while critically evaluating competing compositional models of the planet.
Predicting stabilizing mutations in proteins using Poisson–Boltzmann based models: study of unfolded state ensemble models and development of a successful binary classifier based on residue interaction energies
Authors: Estrada Jorge , Echenique Pablo , Sancho Javier
Published: October 2015

In many cases the stability of a protein has to be increased to permit its biotechnological use.
Near-ambient XPS characterization of interfacial copper species in ceria-supported copper catalysts
Authors: Monte Manuel , Munuera Guillermo , Costa Dominique , Conesa José C. , Martínez-Arias Arturo
Published: October 2015

Catalysts based on combinations of copper and cerium oxides are interesting alternatives to noble metal ones for processes involved in the production/purification of hydrogen produced from hydrocarbons or biomass like the water–gas shift or the preferential oxidation of CO reactions.
Polydopamine nanofilms as visible light-harvesting interfaces for palladium nanocrystal catalyzed coupling reactions
Authors: Xie Aming , Zhang Kun , Wu Fan , Wang Nana , Wang Yuan , Wang Mingyang
Published: October 2015

We herein report mussel-inspired polydopamine nanofilms as light-harvesting interfaces for heterogeneous palladium catalyzed coupling reactions under irradiation from visible light.
Rearrangement and deoxygenation of 3,3-bis(2-pyridyl)oxaphosphirane complexes
Authors: Klein Melina , Schnakenburg Gregor , Espinosa Ferao Arturo , Streubel Rainer
Published: October 2015

The reaction of Li/Cl phosphinidenoid pentacarbonylmetal(0) complexes with bis(2-pyridyl)ketone led to overcrowded oxaphosphirane derivatives. They can undergo deoxygenation by Ti(iii) reagents or ring expansion via P–C cleavage followed by P–N cyclization.
Light-guided electrodeposition of non-noble catalyst patterns for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution
Authors: Lim Sung Yul , Kim Yang-Rae , Ha Kyungyeon , Lee Jong-Kwon , Lee Jae Gyeong , Jang Woohyuk , Lee Jin-Young , Bae Je Hyun , Chung Taek Dong
Published: October 2015

For photoelectrochemical hydrogen production, a non-noble catalyst is directly patterned onto the photocathode using a light-guided electrodeposition technique.
Determining PM2.5 calibration curves for a low-cost particle monitor: common indoor residential aerosols
Authors: Dacunto Philip J. , Klepeis Neil E. , Cheng Kai-Chung , Acevedo-Bolton Viviana , Jiang Ruo-Ting , Repace James L. , Ott Wayne R. , Hildemann Lynn M.
Published: October 2015

Calibration relationships for a low-cost particle monitor could assist in providing approximate PM2.5 mass concentration for well-characterized indoor sources.
A microchannel device tailored to laser axotomy and long-term microelectrode array electrophysiology of functional regeneration
Authors: Habibey Rouhollah , Golabchi Asiyeh , Latifi Shahrzad , Difato Francesco , Blau Axel
Published: October 2015

We present a PDMS microchannel device compatible with multielectrode array electrophysiology and laser microdissection for selected axonal injury and long-term access to compartmentalized neuronal network morphology and activity.
Lanthanide metal–organic frameworks based on the 4,4′-oxybisbenzoic acid ligand: synthesis, structures and physical properties
Authors: Li Yun , Wang Ning , Xiong Yan-Ju , Cheng Qian , Fang Jie-Fang , Zhu Fei-Fei , Long Yi , Yue Shan-Tang
Published: October 2015

Using solvothermal synthesis, eight new 3D microporous lanthanide-ions-based MOFs constructed from 4,4′-oxybisbenzoic acid were obtained and displayed two types of architecture.
Synthesis of 3,3′-carbonyl-bis(chromones) and their activity as mammalian alkaline phosphatase inhibitors
Authors: Miliutina Mariia , Ejaz Syeda Abida , Iaroshenko Viktor O. , Villinger Alexander , Iqbal Jamshed , Langer Peter
Published: October 2015

Hitherto unknown 3,3′-carbonyl-bis(chromones) 8, dimeric chromones bridged by a carbonyl group, were prepared by reaction of chromone-3-carboxylic acid chloride with 3-(dimethylamino)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propen-1-ones 9.
Deployment strategy for controlled morphologies in sessile, mixed colloidal droplets
Authors: Kabi Prasenjit , Basu Saptarshi , Chaudhuri Swetaprovo
Published: October 2015

Deployment order and self assembly of colloidal systems offer an effective medium to micro-engineer complex structures without involving sophisticated fabrication procedures.
Curly graphene nanosheets modified by nanoneedle-like manganese oxide for electrochemical capacitors
Authors: Yu Xiaoqing , Li Kaiqi , Zhou Haihui , Wei Shudan , Zhang Changjun , Li Xueying , Kuang Yafei
Published: October 2015

A modified Hummers method and an aqueous solution synthesis method have been adopted to prepare curly graphene nanosheets/manganese oxide (CGN/MnO2) composite using multiwalled carbon nanotubes and KMnO4as precursors in this paper.
Structure modulation in zinc–ditetrazolate coordination polymers by in situ ligand synthesis
Authors: Li Yun-Wu , Ma Hui-Yan , Wang Su-Na , Xu Jian , Li Da-Cheng , Dou Jian-Min , Bu Xian-He
Published: October 2015

Three new coordination polymers have been constructed by an in situ ditetrazolate-ligand synthesis system involving the sharpless [2 + 3] cycloaddition reaction between IPN and NaN3 in the presence of Zn2+ ions as Lewis-acid catalysts.
Activity-tunable nanocomposites based on dissolution and in situ recrystallization of nanoparticles on ion exchange resins
Authors: Alonso Amanda , Vigués Núria , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Rosalía , Borrisé Xavier , Muñoz María , Muraviev Dmitri N. , Mas Jordi , Muñoz-Berbel Xavier
Published: October 2015

This work proposes the use of cationic ion exchange resins as a platform for in situ formation and recrystallization of nanoparticles as a way to dynamically modulate their activity by changing their structure/composition.
Reactive wetting of Ni–Si alloys on graphite substrates: effects of Si and Ni
Authors: Wang Tingting , Yang Yuan , Ren Yongbin , Zhu Dingyi , Zhang Teng
Published: October 2015

The change in equilibrium contact angle has been measured and explained based on the Gibbs adsorption equation and monolayer approximation.
Chemical control of struvite scale by a green inhibitor polyaspartic acid
Authors: Li Han , Yu Sheng-Hui , Yao Qi-Zhi , Zhou Gen-Tao , Fu Sheng-Quan
Published: October 2015

A green scale inhibitor, polyaspartic acid, is reported for the first time to effectively inhibit struvite formation and promote struvite dissolution.
Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles with vicinal tricarbonyl compounds generated in situ from 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and TEMPO: highly selective synthesis of tertiary alcohols
Authors: Yan Jianwei , Ni Tianjun , Yan Fulin , Zhang Jixia , Zhuang Fangfang
Published: October 2015

A novel Friedel–Crafts reaction of indoles with vicinal tricarbonyl compounds generated in situ has been developed, forming indolyl tertiary alcohols. The process involves disproportionation of TEMPO, α-oxyamination, N–O bond cleavage and, finally, addition of the indole.
High strain in (Bi1/2Na1/2)0.935Ba0.065TiO3–Sr3FeNb2O9 lead-free ceramics with giant piezoresponse
Authors: Cheng Renfei , Wang Chunmei , Xu Zhijun , Chu Ruiqing , Hao Jigong , Li Huaiyong , Li Wei , Du Juan , Li Guorong
Published: October 2015

This large EFIS at low applied field indicates that the BNBT–0.009SFN system is a potential candidate material for environmentally friendly electromechanical devices and actuator applications.
Synthesis, antimalarial activity, and target binding of dibenzazepine-tethered isoxazolines
Authors: Vinay Kumar Koravangala S. , Lingaraju Gejjalagere S. , Bommegowda Yadaganahalli K. , Vinayaka Ajjampura C. , Bhat Pritesh , Pradeepa Kumara Challanayakanahally S. , Rangappa Kanchugarakoppal S. , Gowda D. Channe , Sadashiva Maralinganadoddi P.
Published: October 2015

A series of dibenzazepine tethered 3,5-disubstituted isoxazolines was synthesized and evaluated for their antimalarial activity usingP. falciparum3D7 strain. Further, the potent molecules were assessed againstP. falciparumD6, W2 and 7G8 strains.
Charge transfer from poly(3-hexylthiophene) to graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide
Authors: Zheng Fei , Xu Wei-Long , Jin Han-Dong , Hao Xiao-Tao , Ghiggino Kenneth P.
Published: October 2015

Electrons and holes from photo-excited P3HT can transfer to rGO leading mostly to recombination while only electrons transfer to GO.
Achieving visible light excitation in carbazole-based Eu3+–β-diketonate complexes via molecular engineering
Authors: Francis Biju , Heering Christian , Freire Ricardo O. , Reddy M. L. P. , Janiak Christoph
Published: October 2015

A series of visible light excited Eu3+–carbazole based β-diketonate complexes has been developed by molecular engineering.
Superhigh-speed unidirectional rotation of a carbon nanotube in a sheared fluid and its decoupled dynamics
Authors: Dong Ruo-Yu , Cao Bing-Yang
Published: October 2015

The shear induced rotational motion of a carbon nanotube can be decoupled into oscillation and unidirectional rotation, which respectively originate from rotary Brownian motion and external shear.
Nitrogen-doped holey graphene foams for high-performance lithium storage
Authors: Sun Jiaguang , Wang Lan , Song Ranran , Yang Shubin
Published: October 2015

We demonstrate a facile and scalable approach toward nitrogen-doped holey graphene foams (NHGFs) via simultaneous etching and assembling of graphene oxide and subsequent annealing treatments.
C-8 Mannich base derivatives of baicalein display improved glucuronidation stability: exploring the mechanism by experimentation and theoretical calculations
Authors: He Guiyuan , Zhang Shixuan , Xu Liang , Xia Yangliu , Wang Ping , Li Shiyang , Zhu Liangliang , Xu Hongxi , Ge Guangbo , Yang Ling
Published: October 2015

The glucuronidation of 7-OH is blocked by the intramolecular hydrogen bond between 7-OH and C-8 Mannich base substituent in BA-a.
Deep eutectic solvents as a new class of draw agent to enrich low abundance DNA and proteins using forward osmosis
Authors: Mondal Dibyendu , Mahto Ashesh , Veerababu Polisetti , Bhatt Jitkumar , Prasad Kamalesh , Nataraj Sanna Kotrappanavar
Published: October 2015

The present study explores the osmotic energy potentials of deep eutectic solvents as an efficient and sustainable alternative energy source for protein and DNA enrichment using forward osmosis (FO).
Extremely active α-olefin polymerization and copolymerization with ethylene catalyzed by a dMAO-activated zirconium(iv) dichloro complex having an [OSSO]-type ligand
Authors: Toda Tomoyuki , Nakata Norio , Matsuo Tsukasa , Ishii Akihiko
Published: October 2015

We report here the polymerization of α-olefins and copolymerization of ethylene with 1-hexene catalyzed by a zirconium complex incorporating an [OSSO]-type ligand with dried methylaluminoxane (dMAO) as an activator.
Probing viscoelastic response of soft material surfaces at the nanoscale
Authors: Haviland David B. , van Eysden Cornelius Anthony , Forchheimer Daniel , Platz Daniel , Kassa Hailu G. , Leclère Philippe
Published: October 2015

Intermodulation atomic force microscopy is used to quantitatively determine both viscous and elastic parameters of a soft material interface. A model of the tip surface interaction is introduced, taking in to account the dynamics of both cantilever and viscoelastic surface.
A high voltage solid state symmetric supercapacitor based on graphene–polyoxometalate hybrid electrodes with a hydroquinone doped hybrid gel-electrolyte
Authors: Dubal Deepak P. , Suarez-Guevara Jullieth , Tonti Dino , Enciso Eduardo , Gomez-Romero Pedro
Published: October 2015

Development of high energy density hybrid electrode based on rGO–PMo12 for all-solid state supercapacitors along with actual demonstration of lighting of thirty one LEDs (NEO).
Rate bounds for multicell cellular networks with coordinated beamforming
Authors: Yu Jian , Yin Changchuan
Published: October 2015

The mean achievable rate of downlink in multicell networks, where coordinated beamforming is applied to mitigate inter‐cell interference, is investigated. The upper and lower bounds for the mean achievable rate are derived by using Gamma distribution to characterise the probability distributions of the signal and interference power. A closed‐form expression for the mean achievable rate is proposed to approximate the theoretical value. Analysis and simulation results show that the bounds are tight and the approximation is effective. The mean achievable rate increases with the number of transmit antennas while it first increases with the transmit power and then keeps a constant.
Weighted‐graph‐based supervoxel segmentation of 3D point clouds in complex urban environment
Authors: Kim Je Seok , Park Jahng Hyon
Published: October 2015

A new method for supervoxel segmentation based on a weighted graph in complex urban environment is proposed. The proposed algorithm is designed to minimise the cost of the shortest path in the weighted graph with consideration of characteristics of the sensor for complex urban environment. We collected point clouds in a complex urban environment to evaluate the proposed method. The performance of the proposed algorithm was evaluated using boundary recall and under‐segmentation errors.
Compact dual‐band antenna using inverted‐L loop and inner rectangular loop for WLAN applications
Authors: Qu L. , Zhang R. , Kim H.H. , Kim H.
Published: October 2015

A small loop antenna for WLAN applications is proposed, which is comprised of an inverted‐L loop and an inner rectangular loop achieving dual‐band resonances within a compact size of 4.5 mm × 6.5 mm. A series capacitor in the feeding loop is employed for impedance matching of both bands and a shunt capacitor for high band, respectively. The proposed compact antenna is able to achieve −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 120 and 1260 MHz and average radiation efficiency of 69 and 61% in the 2.4 GHz band and the 5 GHz band, respectively.
Modeling solvation effects in real-space and real-time within density functional approaches
Authors: Delgado Alain , Corni Stefano , Pittalis Stefano , Rozzi Carlo Andrea
Published: October 2015

The Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM) can be used in conjunction with Density Functional Theory (DFT) and its time-dependent extension (TDDFT) to simulate the electronic and optical properties of molecules and nanoparticles immersed in a dielectric environment, typically liquid solvents. In this contribution, we develop a methodology to account for solvation effects in real-space (and real-time) (TD)DFT calculations. The boundary elements method is used to calculate the solvent reaction potential in terms of the apparent charges that spread over the van der Waals solute surface. In a real-space representation, this potential may exhibit a Coulomb singularity at grid points that are close to the cavity surface. We propose a simple approach to regularize such singularity by using a set of spherical Gaussian functions to distribute the apparent charges. We have implemented the proposed method in the Octopus code and present results for the solvation free energies and solvatochromic shifts for a representative set of organic molecules in water.
Area law for fixed points of rapidly mixing dissipative quantum systems
Authors: Brandão Fernando G. S. L. , Cubitt Toby S. , Lucia Angelo , Michalakis Spyridon , Perez-Garcia David
Published: October 2015

We prove an area law with a logarithmic correction for the mutual information for fixed points of local dissipative quantum system satisfying a rapid mixing condition, under either of the following assumptions: the fixed point is pure or the system is frustration free.
Neodymium-doped nanoparticles for infrared fluorescence bioimaging: The role of the host
Authors: del Rosal Blanca , Pérez-Delgado Alberto , Misiak Małgorzata , Bednarkiewicz Artur , Vanetsev Alexander S. , Orlovskii Yurii , Jovanović Dragana J. , Dramićanin Miroslav D. , Rocha Ueslen , Upendra Kumar K. , Jacinto Carlos , Navarro Elizabeth , Martín Rodríguez Emma , Pedroni Marco , Speghini Adolfo , Hirata Gustavo A. , Martín I. R. , Jaque Daniel
Published: October 2015

The spectroscopic properties of different infrared-emitting neodymium-doped nanoparticles (LaF3:Nd3+, SrF2:Nd3+, NaGdF4: Nd3+, NaYF4: Nd3+, KYF4: Nd3+, GdVO4: Nd3+, and Nd:YAG) have been systematically analyzed. A comparison of the spectral shapes of both emission and absorption spectra is presented, from which the relevant role played by the host matrix is evidenced. The lack of a “universal” optimum system for infrared bioimaging is discussed, as the specific bioimaging application and the experimental setup for infrared imaging determine the neodymium-doped nanoparticle to be preferentially used in each case.
Critical thickness of atomically ordered III-V alloys
Authors: France R. M. , McMahon W. E. , Guthrey H. L.
Published: October 2015

The critical thickness model is modified with a general boundary energy that describes the change in bulk energy as a dislocation regularly alters the atomic structure of an ordered material. The model is evaluated for dislocations gliding through CuPt-ordered GaInP and GaInAs, where the boundary energy is negative and the boundary is stable. With ordering present, the critical thickness is significantly lowered and remains finite as the mismatch strain approaches zero. The reduction in critical thickness is most significant when the order parameter is greatest and the amount of misfit energy is low. The modified model is experimentally validated for low-misfit GaInP epilayers with varying order parameters using in situ wafer curvature and ex situ cathodoluminescence. With strong ordering, relaxation begins at a lower thickness and occurs at a greater rate, which is consistent with a lower critical thickness and increased glide force. Thus, atomic ordering is an important consideration for the stability of lattice-mismatched devices.
Photovoltaic effect in Bi2TeO5 photorefractive crystal
Authors: de Oliveira Ivan , Capovilla Danilo Augusto , Carvalho Jesiel F. , Montenegro Renata , Fabris Zanine V. , Frejlich Jaime
Published: October 2015

We report on the presence of a strong photovoltaic effect on nominally undoped photorefractive Bi2TeO5 crystals and estimated their Glass photovoltaic constant and photovoltaic field for λ = 532 nm illumination. We directly measured the photovoltaic-based photocurrent in this material under λ = 532 nm wavelength laser light illumination and compared its behavior with that of a well known photovoltaic Fe-doped Lithium Niobate crystal. We also show the photovoltaic current to strongly depend on the polarization direction of light. Holographic diffraction efficiency oscillation during recording and the behavior of fringe-locked running holograms in self-stabilized experiments are also demonstrated here as additional indirect proofs of the photovoltaic nature of this material.
Density-dependent electron transport and precise modeling of GaN high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Bajaj Sanyam , Shoron Omor F. , Park Pil Sung , Krishnamoorthy Sriram , Akyol Fatih , Hung Ting-Hsiang , Reza Shahed , Chumbes Eduardo M. , Khurgin Jacob , Rajan Siddharth
Published: October 2015

We report on the direct measurement of two-dimensional sheet charge density dependence of electron transport in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). Pulsed IV measurements established increasing electron velocities with decreasing sheet charge densities, resulting in saturation velocity of 1.9 × 107 cm/s at a low sheet charge density of 7.8 × 1011 cm−2. An optical phonon emission-based electron velocity model for GaN is also presented. It accommodates stimulated longitudinal optical (LO) phonon emission which clamps the electron velocity with strong electron-phonon interaction and long LO phonon lifetime in GaN. A comparison with the measured density-dependent saturation velocity shows that it captures the dependence rather well. Finally, the experimental result is applied in TCAD-based device simulator to predict DC and small signal characteristics of a reported GaN HEMT. Good agreement between the simulated and reported experimental results validated the measurement presented in this report and established accurate modeling of GaN HEMTs.