bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tudo que reluz é ouro?: Performatividade e educação física escolar
Authors: Tenório Jederson Garbin
Published: April 2020

Este estudo pretende explicitar elementos presentes na prática da Educação Física (EF) escolar que representam a busca pela produtividade e desempenho, expostos em indicadores quantitativos. As aulas de EF, ao se basearem no esporte de alto nível, caracterizam-se pelas equipes formadas para disputa de campeonatos, medalhas que conquistam etc. Como metodologia realizamos uma revisão bibliográfica, caracterizando um estudo qualitativo. Consideramos que maneiras sutis e eficazes de controle do trabalho do professor de EF são moldadas em função do esporte de alto nível, servindo como uma espécie de ranking, subsidiando educadores, gestores e políticas públicas.
„Bogactwo” Bożego miłosierdzia w listach św. Pawła
Authors: Rycerz Zbigniew
Published: April 2020

Autor stawia sobie za cel prezentację miłosierdzia w listach św. Pawła w aspekcie ubogacającej relacji Boga do człowieka. Poddaje analizie najbardziej reprezentatywne teksty, które zawierają bazę semantyczną: ἔλεος–ἐλεέω i οἰκτιρμός–οἰκτίρω. Punktem wyjścia czyni osobiste doświadczenie miłosierdzia Bożego w życiu apostoła. Następnie podejmuje próbę wnioskowania jak ono wpłynęło na rozwój nauki o miłosierdziu i jakie znalazło przełożenie na praktykę życia chrześcijańskiego. W końcu zadaje pytanie o dojrzałość Pawłowej nauki o Bożym miłosierdziu.
La fábula: un recurso pedagógico para la enseñanza de valores
Authors: Vásquez Villanueva Salomón , Agustín Cristóbal Moisés , Del Águila Gonzáles Marina , Espinoza Vásquez Yoselin Gisela
Published: April 2020

Este artículo tiene el objetivo de leer y analizar las fábulas, que comprenden un recurso pedagógico en la enseñanza de valores. A fin de lograr este objetivo, se han diseñado los siguientes tópicos relativos a la fábula: características, tipos, valores didácticos y estructura. Por otro lado, los estudiantes se encuentran actualmente sumergidos en las TIC’S (Tecnologías de la información) buscando distracción, entretenimiento, pasatiempo, etc., con el propósito de satisfacer sus necesidades triviales, negativas y vulgares. Su preferencia se inclina a la navegación en internet en vez de abrir las páginas de un libro y educarse. Se hace evidente que, además de la falta de información, comunicación, educación, cultura y reflexión, se están perdiendo los valores necesarios para la educación integral. Por lo tanto, las lecturas y análisis de las fábulas como estrategia didáctica constituyen un recurso pedagógico para la enseñanza de valores, de una manera dinámica y divertida, permitiendo que el relato actúe de mediador durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
EMMC. Performance / EMMC. Performance
Authors: Amâncio Moacir
Published: April 2020

Resumo: A poesia do autor português Ernesto Manuel de Melo e Castro, radicado no Brasil, desconhece limites geográficos e da expressão, pautando-se pelos ritmos da liberdade. Sua obra, marcada pelo concretismo brasileiro, confirma o movimento, conferindo-lhe não um papel de superioridade e influência, mas um papel de diálogo, de junção das experiências e a busca de linguagens contemporâneas. O que não se limita à experimentação expressiva, pois implica a atuação num espectro amplo e da quebra de tabus. O questionamento incansável é a pauta de sua obra.Palavras-chave: poesia portuguesa; vanguarda; experimentação; concretismo; barroco.Abstract: The poetry of Portuguese author Ernesto Manuel de Melo e Castro, based in Brazil, is oblivious to limits of geography and expression, guided instead by the rhythms of freedom. His work, marked by Brazilian Concretism, confirms the movement, providing not a role of superiority and influence, but of dialogue, of bringing together experiences and the search for contemporary languages. This is not limited to expressive experimentation, as it implies acting on a broad spectrum and breaking taboos. The tireless questioning is his work’s agenda.Keywords: Portuguese poetry; vanguard; experimentation; concretism; baroque.
Análise estrutural e dinâmica de Gymnanthes klotzschiana (Müll. Arg.) em um fragmento de floresta ombrófila mista
Authors: Kieras Wesllen Schuhli , Machado Sebastião Do Amaral , Accioly Yuri
Published: April 2020

A Gymnanthes klotzschiana é uma espécie arbórea pioneira característica das planícies aluviais da Floresta Ombrófila Mista, importante para a conservação das matas ciliares. Portanto este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a estrutura e a dinâmica de G. klotzschiana em um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista. Os dados utilizados na pesquisa provêm de um censo (inventário 100%) realizado nos anos de 2007, 2010 e 2013 no Capão da Engenharia Florestal, situado na Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba (PR), com área total de 15,2 ha. As medições foram realizadas em intervalos de 3 anos, sendo mensuradas e identificadas todas ás árvores com circunferência à altura do peito superiores a 30 cm. As análises estruturais foram realizadas com base nos parâmetros populacionais por espécie e a dinâmica foi obtida por meio do acompanhamento do crescimento, ingresso e mortalidade entre os períodos de medição. Os resultados mostram um aumento de indivíduos entre as três medições, passando de 120 para 256 indivíduos, consequentemente, houve um incremento considerável em área basal entre as medições, de 3,26 m² para 6,2 m². A taxa de incremento periódico anual em diâmetro aumentou de    0,31 cm/ano para 0,34 cm/ano, e o incremento periódico anual em área transversal majorou de 0,0280 m² ha-1 para 0,0397 m² ha-1. A taxa de ingresso aumentou gradativamente, enquanto não houve mortalidade no período de medições. A G. klotzschiana possui alto valor de importância para a Floresta Ombrófila Mista, bem como uma dinâmica que favorece o desenvolvimento de outras espécies.
Prevalencia Serológica de Leptospira spp. en Cerdos Silvestres (Sus scrofa) en Bahía de Samborombón, provincia de Buenos Aires, República Argentina, en el Periodo 2013-2015
Authors: Petrakovsky Jessica , Carpinetti Bruno , Antonuci Andrea
Published: April 2020

Los animales silvestres en su medio natural o en condiciones de cautividad son componentes vitales en el ciclo epidemiológico de enfermedades zoonóticas, entre las cuales se encuentra leptospirosis, actuando como reservorios, hospedadores de mantenimiento, portadores u hospedadores accidentales, participando en la transmisión de diferentes serovares patógenos. Objetivo: detectar la presencia de anticuerpos contra Leptospira spp. en jabalíes (Sus scrofa) y cerdos asilvestrados (Sus scrofa domestica) en estado silvestre que no presentaban sintomatología clínica, provenientes de Bahia Samborombón, Buenos Aires. Materiales y métodos: la población bajo estudio comprendió una muestra no representativa de la de la población porcina silvestre (Sus scrofa) recolectada en el periodo 2013-2015. Los sueros fueron analizados por la técnica de MAT (prueba de microaglutinación). Resultados: el 34,5% de las muestras resultaron positivas a la prueba tamiz empleada (primera etapa del MAT), siendo esta serorreactividad positiva exclusivamente al serovar Pomona. Al realizar la titulación de los sueros (segunda etapa del MAT), el porcentaje de positividad se mantuvo en el mismo valor. El 77 % de las muestras presentó un título final menor a 1:200. Conclusión: la existencia de sueros positivos indica el contacto de los animales con la leptospira. Considerando que no es posible erradicar la leptospirosis debido a que se mantiene en sus reservorios silvestres, contar con datos epidemiológicos en la región permitirá implementar medidas de prevención y control de la enfermedad.
Influences des régimes et de leur fermentation dans le rumen sur la production de méthane par les ruminants
Authors: SAUVANT D. , GIGER-REVERDIN S. , SERMENT A. , BROUDISCOU L.
Published: April 2020

Ce travail s'appuie sur l'étude de plusieurs bases de données en vue d'extraire des modèles de prévision de la production de CH4 enfonction des régimes et des fermentations ruminales. La méthanogenèse est décrite en relation avec les principaux principes de la stoechiométrieet de la thermodynamique des fermentations ruminales. Il apparaît en particulier une relation étroite entre la productionde CH4 et le rapport des acides acétique/propionique du jus de rumen (Ac/Pr). Les variations du profil des AGV et de la productionde CH4 traduisent des phénomènes d'adaptation des microorganismes du rumen à la quantité d'énergie disponible. Au sein desdifférents critères alimentaires de prévision de la production de CH4, la teneur en matière organique digestible (MOD) est intéressante: elle est globalement bien liée à la MO fermentescible du rumen, donc au CH4 produit, et à la valeur énergétique des aliments.Cependant, le rapport CH4/MOD varie également en fonction de certains facteurs de variation qui modifient aussi le rapport Ac/Prdans le rumen : le niveau alimentaire, la qualité du fourrage, la teneur en concentré du régime et l'apport de matières grasses.Une dernière partie du texte est consacrée à l'étude de modèles plus mécanistes qui s'appuient sur les principes de stoechiométrie desAGV, ces modèles constituant une étape vers une modélisation intégrative de l'ensemble des phénomènes digestifs et fermentaires durumen.
Production de méthane et interactions microbiennes dans le rumen
Authors: POPOVA M. , MORGAVI D.P. , DOREAU M. , MARTIN C.
Published: April 2020

Le méthane entérique est formé par les Archea méthanogènes au cours de la dégradation microbienne des aliments dans le rumen, cequi implique que toute variation dans sa production est le résultat d'un changement dans la chaîne alimentaire microbienne. En effetla structure et/ou l'activité de la communauté microbienne fermentaire (bactéries et protozoaires) détermine la quantité et,partiellement, l'utilisation de l'hydrogène, substrat limitant de la méthanogenèse. Les microorganismes méthanogènes ne constituentqu'une petite partie de la biomasse et de la diversité microbienne dans le rumen. Aujourd'hui, l'absence de lien entre la productionde méthane et le nombre des méthanogènes est bien établie sauf lorsque des inhibiteurs spécifiques des Archaea sont employés (vaccin,additifs chimiques). Les variations dans la production de méthane, observées suite à des modifications de l'écosystème microbienou d'un des constituants de la ration, s'expliquent par des changements de diversité et/ou d'activité des Archaea par suite d'unemoindre disponibilité en hydrogène. En effet, les études récentes relient les variations observées dans la production de méthane à desvariations dans l'activité métabolique des méthanogènes et/ou à des changements fins dans leur diversité au niveau de l'espèce oumême de la souche. Ainsi, le développement des stratégies efficaces à long terme pour réduire les émissions de méthane, impliqueinévitablement la bonne compréhension des mécanismes impliqués en considérant l'écosystème microbien dans son ensemble.
Nutraceutical and Medicinal Property of Mulberry Fruits: A Review on Its Pharmacological Potential
Authors: Mandal Amit
Published: April 2020

Mulberry (Morus) cultivated worldwide in diverse agro-ecological conditions recognized as the fodder of silkworms (Bombyx mori). In India, ranging from high altitude Himalayan region to coastal region, the farmers generally cultivate these four species of mulberry (Morus alba, M. indica, M. serrata, and M. laevigata). Mulberry fruit is used in traditional medicine for several years in China and also consumed as food material in different countries of Asia and Africa. Mulberry fruit, along with high nutritious value, contains many bioactive phytochemicals that are30 of health benefits and can fight against many diseases. Many researchers attracted to this property of mulberry fruit, and they isolated bioactive polysaccharides, anthocyanins, flavonols, flavonols, phenolic acids, alkaloids, and melatonins. These compounds have antioxidant property and due to this, either in synergistically or in the pure form, these components have direct or indirect curative activity on diabetes, inflammation, tumor, hepatic diseases, immunomodulation, hyperlipidemia, neural damage, and chronic diseases. This tremendous bioactivity of mulberry fruit extract may open up a new dimension in the food and medicine industry. The present review provides recent findings of the phytochemical foundation and their bioactivities, which may encourage many researchers to explore the molecular mechanism of the biological activities which can be used for human welfare.
The Influence of Locus of Control, Study Habits and Gender on the Academic Achievement of Senior Secondary School Physics Students in Ibadan Metropolis
Authors: Okeke Uchenna , Ukoh Edidiong
Published: April 2020

The study investigated the relationship between Locus of Control, Study Habit, Gender and Academic Achievement of senior secondary school physics students in Ibadan metropolis. The descriptive survey research design was adopted. Seven hundred and fifty senior secondary two (SS2) Physics students were randomly selected from 30 schools in the five local Governments areas of Ibadan Metropolis. Three instruments were used for data collection. The instruments are Physics Achievement Test (PAT) (r = 0.70), Locus of Control Scale (LOCS) (0.86) and Study Habit Questionnaire (SHQ) (0.89). Two (2) research questions were answered, using inferential statistics of t-test, and multiple regression analysis. Findings of the study showed that there is a relationship between locus of control and Academic Achievement [r=0.216, n=750,p= <0.01]. It was found that Locus of Control, Study Habits and Gender predicted students’ academic achievement of Students, with R=0.203, which is equivalent to 20.3%. This however indicates a poor level of prediction. R2 = 0.041, which is equivalent to 4.1%, indicating a very poor level of shared variance between the dependent variable and the independent variables. The study recommends the adoption of the instructional methods that will enhance students’ locus of control and the promotion of good study habits among senior secondary school physics students. Governments, education administrators, and school authorities should consider the joint interactive influence of locus of control, study habits and gender when designing programs for physics.
Comparison of Visual Outcomes for Myopia after Refractive Surgery using Femtosecond Laser-Assisted and Flap-off Epi-LASIK
Authors: PIAO JUNJIE , Whang Woong-Joo , Joo Choun-Ki
Published: April 2020

Background This study clinically evaluated the visual outcomes after refractive surgery for myopia using femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (femto-LASIK) and epi-LASIK (flap-off). Methods In this prospective cohort study, 40 eyes of 27 patients were divided into two groups depending on the technique used for refractive surgery. Femto-LASIK flaps and epi-LASIK flaps (flap-off) were created using femtosecond laser and Epi-K TM epikeratome, respectively. Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction (MR), corneal asphericity (Q-value), and corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were assessed pre- and postoperatively. Results The improvement in LogMAR UDVA after refractive surgery was statistically significant for both groups ( P < 0.001 for all groups); it was significantly improved in the femto-LASIK group, 1 day and 1 week postoperatively ( P < 0.001, P = 0.019, respectively). With regard to the front and total corneal HOAs, there were significant differences in spherical aberrations (Z 4,0 ) between the femto-LASIK and flap-off epi-LASIK groups ( P = 0.016 and P = 0.017, respectively). With regard to the back corneal HOAs, there were significant differences in vertical coma (Z 3,-1 ) aberration, 0.027 ± 0.027 μm (femto-LASIK) and 0.001 ± 0.034 μm (flap-off epipolis LASIK); horizontal secondary astigmatism (Z 4,2 ) aberration, -0.008 ± 0.012 μm (femto-LASIK) and 0.007 ± 0.018 μm (flap-off epipolis LASIK); oblique tetrafoil (Z 4,-4 ) aberration, -0.008 ± 0.029 μm (femto-LASIK) and 0.015 ± 0.026 μm (flap-off epi-LASIK), respectively ( P = 0.018, P = 0.007, and P = 0.022, respectively). However, the back corneal HOA changes did not have a significant effect on the total corneal HOA changes. Conclusion Femto-LASIK yielded better early visual outcomes than did flap-off epi-LASIK, but there was no significant difference between the outcomes of the two procedures, 1 week postoperatively.
A novel framework for classification of selection processes in epidemiological research
Authors: Bjork Jonas , Nilsson Anton , Bonander Carl , Strömberg Ulf
Published: April 2020

Background: Selection and selection bias are terms that lack consistent definitions and have varying meaning and usage across disciplines. There is also confusion in current definitions between underlying mechanisms that lead to selection and their consequences. Consequences of selection on study validity must be judged on a case-by-case basis depending on research question, study design and analytical decisions. The overall aim of the study was to develop a simple but general framework for classifying various types of selection processes of relevance for epidemiological research. Methods: Several original articles from the epidemiological literature and from related areas of observational research were reviewed in search of examples of selection processes, used terminology and description of the underlying mechanisms. Results: We classified the identified selection processes in three dimensions: i) selection level (selection at the population level vs. study-specific selection), ii) type of mechanism (selection in exposure vs. selection in population composition), iii) timing of the selection (at exposure entry, during exposure or post-outcome). Conclusions: Increased understanding of when, how, and why selection occur is an important step towards improved validity of epidemiological research.
Implementing a Multidisciplinary Approach for Older Adults with Cancer: Geriatric Oncology in Practice
Authors: Presley Carolyn , Krok-Schoen Jessica , Wall Sarah , Noonan Anne , Jones Desiree , Folefac Edmund , Williams Nicole , Overcash Janine , Rosko Ashley
Published: April 2020

Background: Evidence-based practice in geriatric oncology is growing, and national initiatives have focused on expanding cancer care and research to improve health outcomes for older adults. However, there are still gaps between knowledge and practice for older adults with cancer.Methods: Here we provide a detailed methodology of geriatric oncology care delivery within a single institution. The Cancer and Aging Resiliency (CARE) clinic is a multidisciplinary approach for implementing geriatric-driven health care for older adults with cancer. The CARE clinic was developed as a direct response to recommendations targeting key multifactorial geriatric health conditions (e.g. falls, nutritional deficits, sensory loss, cognitive impairment, frailty, multiple chronic conditions, and functional status). The multidisciplinary team assesses and delivers a comprehensive set of recommendations, all in one clinic visit, to minimize burden on the patient and the caregiver. The CARE clinic consultative model is a novel approach integrating cancer subspecialties with geriatric oncology healthcare delivery.Conclusions: Older adults with cancer have unique needs that are independent of routine oncology care. The CARE clinic model provides specific assessments and interventions to improve health outcomes among older adults with cancer.
The adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes of adolescent pregnancy: a cross sectional study in Hebei, China
Authors: Zhang Ting , Wang Huien , Wang Xinling , Yang Yue , Zhang Yingkui , Tang Zengjun , Wang Li
Published: April 2020

Background The adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by teenage pregnancy are major public health problems with significant social impact. While China is the most populous country in the world, and 8.5% of the women aged 10-50 years are adolescent women, we aimed to analyze the adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes of the adolescent pregnancy in Hebei Province, China. Methods There were 238,598 singleton pregnant women aged 10-34 years from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017 in the database of Hebei Province Maternal Near Miss Surveillance System (HBMNMSS). The 238,598 pregnant women were divided into two groups: adolescent group ( aged 10-19 years) and adult group (aged 20-34 years). The adolescent group was divided into two subgroups (aged 10-17 years, aged 18-19 years), the adult group was divided into two subgroups (aged 20-24 years, aged 25-34 years). We compared the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. We also made a stratified analysis of nulliparous and multiparous adolescent pregnancy. Results Compared with women aged 20-34 years, women aged 10-19 years had lower risk of cesarean delivery [adjusted risk ratio (aRR): 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.70-0.80], gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (aRR: 0.55, 95%CI: 0.41-0.73). Women aged 10-19 years had higher risk of preterm delivery (aRR: 1.76, 95%CI: 1.54-2.01), small for gestational age (SGA) (aRR: 1.19, 95%CI: 1.08-1.30), stillbirth (aRR: 2.58, 95%CI: 1.83-3.62), neonatal death (aRR: 2.63, 95%CI: 1.60-4.32). The adolescent women aged 10-17 years had significantly higher risk of stillbirth (aRR: 5.69, 95%CI: 3.36-9.65) and neonatal death (aRR: 7.57, 95%CI: 3.74-15.33) compared with the women aged 25-34 years. Younger adults (20-24 years) also had higher risks of preterm delivery (aRR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.20-1.32), stillbirth (aRR: 1.45, 95%CI: 1.23-1.72), and neonatal death (aRR: 1.51, 95%CI: 1.21-1.90) compared with women aged 25-34 years. The structural equation model showed that preterm delivery and cesarean delivery had an indirect effect on neonatal death in adolescent pregnancy. Conclusions The adolescent pregnancy was related to adverse perinatal (fetal and neonatal) outcomes, such as preterm delivery, stillbirth and neonatal death, especially in younger adolescent pregnancies.
A meta-analytic evaluation of the correlation between event-free survival and overall survival in randomized controlled trials of newly diagnosed Ewing sarcoma.
Authors: Tanaka Kazuhiro , Kawano Masanori , Iwasaki Tatsuya , Itonaga Ichiro , Tsumura Hiroshi
Published: April 2020

BackgroundIn randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adjuvant treatment for malignant tumors, event-free survival (EFS) is considered the most acceptable surrogate for overall survival (OS). However, even though EFS has repeatedly been selected as a primary endpoint in RCTs of Ewing sarcoma (ES), the surrogacy of EFS for OS has not been investigated. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between EFS and OS in RCTs of chemotherapy for newly diagnosed ES using a meta-analytic approach.MethodsWe identified seven RCTs of newly diagnosed ES through a systematic review, and a meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse events associated with chemotherapy for previously untreated ES. The correlation between EFS and OS was investigated using weighted linear regression analysis and Spearman rank correlation coefficients (ρ). The strength of the correlation was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2). ResultsA total of 3,612 patients were randomly assigned to 17 treatment arms in the eligible RCTs. The meta-analysis revealed that the hazard ratios for OS and EFS showed significantly better results in the experimental treatment groups with increasing toxicities. The correlation between the hazard ratios for EFS and OS was good (R2 = 0.747, ρ = 0.683), and the correlation tended to be more favorable in cases of localized ES (R2 = 0.818, ρ = 0.929). ConclusionsOverall, the trial-level correlation between EFS and OS was good for newly diagnosed ES and was very good in cases of localized disease. EFS may be a useful endpoint in RCTs of ES chemotherapy, and it is worth verifying using individual patient data.
All-trans retinoic acid reduces cancer stem cell-like cell-mediated resistance to gefitinib in NSCLC adenocarcinoma cells
Authors: Yao Wenxiu , Wang Liyang , Huang Huan , Li Xin , Wang Pinjia , Mi Kun , Cheng Jia , Liu Huifen , Gu Cuirong , Huang Lingxiao , Huang Jianming
Published: April 2020

Background: The enrichment of cancer stem cell-like cells (CSCs) has been considered to be responsible for tumor progression after an initial response to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) in patients with non-small cell lung adenocarcinoma (NSCLC/ADC). CSCs with ALDH1A1bright /CD44high expression contribute to the TKIs resistance in NSCLC/ADC cells. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) has been shown to be a potential targeted therapy against CSCs due to its ability to inhibit ALDH1A1 activity. We therefore investigated whether ATRA could circumvent the resistance to improve the response to gefitinib in NSCLC/ADC cells.Methods: Treatment of NSCLC/ADC A549 and H1650 cells with gefitinib enriched the gefitinib surviving cells (GSCs). The expression of ALDH1A1 and CD44 and the IC50 values for gefitinib were determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and crystal violet assay in GSCs and ATRA-treated GSCs, respectively. Using DEAB as the positive control, direct inhibitory effect of ATRA on ALDH1A1 activity was determined by ALDEFLUOR assay, Results: GSCs showed higher expression of ALDH1A1 and CD44 and IC50 values for gefitinib than their respective parental cells, suggesting that gefitinib can lead to propagation of CSC-enriched gefitinib-resistant cells. Treatment with ATRA was found to significantly reduce the increased expression of ALDH1A1 and CD44 and the IC50 values for gefitinib in A549GSC and H1650GSC cells, and ATRA could directly inhibit active ALDH1A1 as compared to DEAB.Conclusion: Our findings suggest that combination treatment with ATRA prevents gefitinib-induced enrichment of ALDH1A1bright/CD44high CSCs and enhances gefitinib-induced growth inhibition of NSCLC/ADC cells.
The change of color by whiteness indexes and its psychosocial and self-perception effects when using low vs. high concentration whitening gels: a one-year follow-up.
Authors: Estay Juan , Angel Pablo , Bersezio Cristian , Peña Manuel , Fernandéz Eduardo
Published: April 2020

Background: Dental bleaching in traditional concentrations generates greater sensitivity. In this respect, new systems of lower concentration of hydrogen peroxide for tooth bleaching appeared, with color stability unknown over time. The aim of this study was to compare the change and stability of color with low-concentration (6%) hydrogen peroxide gel in an in-office bleaching setting relative to conventional 37.5% gel, including their effects on psychosocial and esthetic self-perception, after one year. Methods: Patients (n=25) were assessed at 12 months post bleaching treatment (whitening with 6% chemo-activated alkaline formula gel versus 37.5% traditional concentration gel). Color changes were measured objectively using total variation in color (ΔE), and subjectively using Vita Classical and Vita Bleached scale (ΔSGU) by calibrated evaluators (Kappa=0.85). The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) aesthetic questionnaires were used to measure the self-perception and the psychosocial impact of the bleaching protocols. Results: The effect (ΔE) of 37.5% HP (8.37 ± 2.73) was significantly better than that of 6% HP (5.27 ± 2.53) in terms of color rebound after one year of follow-up. There were significant differences in psychosocial impact and esthetic self-perception measurements prior to bleaching versus one-year post-whitening time points; positive effects were maintained. Conclusions: Low concentration (6%) achieved effective bleaching with good stability after one year, accompanied by a positive psychosocial impact and enhanced self-perception at follow-up. Trial registration: NCT03217994 Keywords: Bleaching, Randomized clinical trial, Low concentration, OHIP-14 , PIDAQ
Mapping global evidence on strategies and interventions in neurotrauma and road traffic collisions prevention: A scoping review
Authors: Selveindran Santhani M , Tango Tamara , Khan Muhammad Mukhtar , Simadibrata Daniel Martin , Hutchinson Peter JA , Brayne Carol , Hill Christine , Servadei Franco , Kolias Angelos G , Rubiano Andres M , Joannides Alexis J , Shabani Hamisi K
Published: April 2020

Background: Neurotrauma is an important global health problem. The largest cause of neurotrauma worldwide is road traffic collisions (RTCs), particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). Neurotrauma and RTCs are preventable, and many preventative interventions have been implemented over the last decades, especially in high income countries (HICs). However, it is uncertain if these strategies are applicable globally due to variations in environment, resources, population, culture and infrastructure. Given this issue, this scoping review aims to identify, quantify and describe the evidence on approaches in neurotrauma and RTCs prevention, and ascertain contextual factors that influence their implementation in LMICs and HICs.Methods: A systematic search was conducted using five electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Global Health on EBSCO host, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews), grey literature databases, government and non-government websites, as well as bibliographic and citation searching of selected articles. The extracted data were presented using figures, tables, and accompanying narrative summaries. The results of this review were reported using the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR).Results: A total of 411 publications met the inclusion criteria, including 349 primary studies and 62 reviews. More than 80 percent of the primary studies were from HICs, and described all levels of neurotrauma prevention. Only 65 papers came from LMICs, which mostly described primary prevention, focussing on road safety. For the reviews, 41 papers (66.1%) reviewed primary, 18 tertiary (29.1%), and three secondary preventative approaches. Most of the primary papers in the reviews came from HICs (67.7%) with 5 reviews on only LMIC papers. Fifteen reviews (24.1%) included papers from both HICs and LMICs. Intervention settings ranged from nation-wide to community-based, but were not reported in 44 papers (10.8%), most of which were reviews. Contextual factors were described in 62 papers, and varied depending on the interventions.Conclusions: There is a large quantity of global evidence on strategies and interventions for neurotrauma and RTCs prevention. However, fewer papers were from LMICs, especially on secondary and tertiary prevention. More primary research needs to be done in these countries to determine what strategies and interventions exist, and the applicability of HIC interventions in LMICs.
Design of PCR assays to specifically detect and identify 37 Lactobacillus species in a single 96 well plate
Authors: Kim Eiseul , Yang Seung-Min , Lim Bora , Park Si Hong , Rackerby Bryna , Kim Hae-Yeong
Published: April 2020

Background Lactobacillus species are used as probiotics and play an important role in fermented food production. However, use of 16S rRNA gene sequences as standard markers for the differentiation of Lactobacillus species offers a very limited scope, as several species of Lactobacillus share similar 16S rRNA gene sequences. In this study, we developed a rapid and accurate method based on comparative genomic analysis for the simultaneous identification of 37 Lactobacillus species that are commonly used in probiotics and fermented foods. Results To select species-specific sequences or genes, a total of 180 Lactobacillus genome sequences were compared using Python scripts. In 14 out of 37 species, species-specific sequences could not be found due to the similarity of the 16S–23S rRNA gene. Selected unique genes were obtained using comparative genomic analysis and all genes were confirmed to be specific for 52,478,804 genomes via in silico analysis; they were found not to be strain-specific, but to exist in all strains of the same species. Species-specific primer pairs were designed from the selected 16S–23S rRNA gene sequences or unique genes of species. The specificity of the species-specific primer pairs was confirmed using reference strains, and the accuracy and efficiency of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the standard curve were confirmed. The PCR method developed in this study is able to accurately differentiate species that were not distinguishable using the 16S rRNA gene alone. This PCR assays were designed to detect and identify 37 Lactobacillus species. The developed method was then applied in the monitoring of 19 probiotics and 12 dairy products. The applied tests confirmed that the species detected in 17 products matched those indicated on their labels, whereas the remaining products contained species other than those appearing on the label. Conclusions The method developed in this study is able to rapidly and accurately distinguish different species of Lactobacillus , and can be used to monitor specific Lactobacillus species in foods such as probiotics and dairy products.
Molecular identification of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome viruses from tick and bitten patient in Southeast China
Authors: Tong Yongxi , wang qiujing , Fu Yongfeng , Li Shibo , Zhang Zhao , Zhang Zheen , Yu Xuewen
Published: April 2020

Background Severe fever and thrombocytopenia bunyavirus (SFTSV) infection causes severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome with high mortality. It is extremely rare that a transmitting tick can be directly captured in bite wounds, and that SFTSV can be isolated from both the captured tick and patient’s serum to establish a solid pathogen diagnosis.Case presentation We report a case infected with severe fever and thrombocytopenia bunyavirus. The 69-year-old male patient presented fever and tenderness on two lymph nodes in right groin. A visible tick bite mark appeared on right upper quadrant of the patient’s abdomen, and an live tick was captured in the bite wound upon physical examination. The virus was detected in both the blood of the patient and in the tick that stayed in the bite wound for seven days. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the SFTSV isolated from the tick and the patient’s serum sample belonged to type B, in which the L/S segment of these two isolates shared 100% homology, while the M segment had 99.9% homology. The bitten patient was given various supportive care, but eventually died of multiple organ failure. Conclusion The present case provides the direct evidence of SFTSV transmission from H. longicornis to humans, and suggests that direct cross-species transmission can occur without additional intermediate hosts.
Lay therapist delivered low intensity psychosocial intervention for refugees and asylum seekers (PROSPER): protocol for a pilot randomised controlled trial.
Authors: Rawlinson Rebecca , Aslam Rabeea’h , Burnside Girvan , Chiumento Anna , Eriksson-Lee Malena , Humphreys Amy , Khan Naila , Lawrence Daniel , McCluskey Rachel , Mackinnon Annette , Orton Lois , Rahman Atif , Roberts Ewan , Rosala-Hallas Anna , Tudor-Edwards Rhiannon , Uwamaliya Philomene , White Ross , Winrow Eira , Dowrick Christopher
Published: April 2020

Background Asylum seekers and refugees (AS&Rs) experience impaired mental health and wellbeing, related to stresses in their country of origin, experiences in transit and reception on arrival, including significant barriers to accessing mainstream services. Their contact with healthcare is often crisis-driven and mediated through non-governmental organisations (NGOs). Problem Management Plus (PM+) is a psychosocial intervention recommended by the World Health Organization to address distress experienced by adults affected by humanitarian crises. We are investigating its application for the first time in a high income country. Methods In a pilot randomised controlled trial, PM+ will be delivered to AS&Rs in contact with NGOs in Liverpool City Region, UK, by lay therapists who have lived experience of forced migration. Following systematic review and stakeholder engagement, PM+ has been adapted to the local context, and lay therapists have been trained in its delivery. We will assess the feasibility of conducting a three-arm RCT of five 90-minute sessions of PM+, delivered individually or in groups by lay therapists to AS&Rs experiencing emotional distress and functional impairment, compared with each other and with usual support offered by local NGOs. Distress and impairment at baseline will be measured by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS). We aim to recruit 105 participants, 35 per arm. Primary health outcomes are anxiety and depressive symptoms at 3 months, measured by HADS. Secondary outcomes include subjective wellbeing, functional status, progress on identified problems, post-traumatic stress disorder, depressive disorder and service usage. Longer term impact will be assessed at 6-months post baseline, on the same parameters. We will assess the feasibility of conducting a full RCT in relation to the following elements: recruitment and retention of lay therapists and study participants; fidelity of delivery of PM+; and suitability of the study measures, including any linguistic or cultural barriers. Discussion We will use these findings to specify the parameters for a full randomised controlled trial to test the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of PM+ in reducing emotional distress and health inequalities, and improving functional ability and wellbeing, amongst asylum seekers and refugees.
A network pharmacology-based study on Alzheimer disease prevention and treatment of Qiong Yu Gao
Authors: You Jieshu , Li Chen-yue , Chen Wei , Wu Xia-lin , Huang Li-jie , Li Ren-kai , Gao Fei , zhang Ming-yue , Liu Huan-lan , Qu Wei-ling
Published: April 2020

Background and objective: As the pathological mechanisms of AD are complex, increasing evidence have demonstrated Chinese Medicine with multi-ingredients and multi-targets may be more suitable for the treatment of diseases with complex pathogenesis. Therefore, the study was to preliminarily decipher the bioactive compounds and potential mechanisms of Qiong Yu Gao (QYG) for AD prevention and treatment by an integrated network pharmacology approach. Methods: Putative ingredients of QYG and significant genes of AD were retrieved from public database after screening. Then QYG ingredients target proteins/genes were obtained by target fishing. Compound-target-disease network was constructed using Cytoscape to decipher the mechanism of QYG for AD. KEGG pathway and GO enrichment analysis were performed to investigate the molecular mechanisms and pathways related to QYG for AD treatments. Results: Finally, 70 compounds and 511 relative drug targets were collected. In which, 17 representative direct targets were found. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the adenylate cyclase-inhibiting G-protein coupled acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway was the key biological processes and were regulated simultaneously by the 17 direct targets. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis found that three signaling pathways were closely related to AD prevention and treatment by QYG, including PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway and insulin resistance pathway. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that QYG exerted the effect of preventing and treating AD by regulating multi-targets with multi-components. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that a network pharmacology-based approach was useful for elucidation of the interrelationship between complex diseases and interventions of Chinese herbal medicines.
Bone ongrowth and mechanical fixation of implants in cortical and cancellous bone
Authors: Walsh William Robert , Pelletier Matthew Henry , Bertollo Nicky , Lovric Vedran , Wang Tian , Morberg Per , Parr William Chase Harington , Bergadano Dario
Published: April 2020

Background What is the right surface for an implant to achieve biological fixation? Surface technologies can play important roles in encouraging interactions between the implant surface and the host bone to achieve osseointegration. Pre-clinical animal models provide important insight into in-vivo performance related to bone ongrowth and implant fixation.Methods A large animal model was used to compare the in vivo response of HA and plasma sprayed titanium coatings in a well reported adult ovine model to evaluate bone ongrowth in terms of mechanical properties in cortical sites, histology and histomorphometry in cortical and cancellous sites at 4 and 12 weeks. Results Titanium plasma sprayed surfaces outperformed the HA coated samples in push-out testing in cortical sites while both surfaces supported new bone ongrowth and remodeling in cortical and cancellous sites. Conclusions While both HA and Ti plasma provided an osteoconductive surface for bone ongrowth, the Ti plasma provided a more robust bone-implant interface that ideally would be required for load transfer and implant stability in the longer term.
Determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Southwest Ethiopia: A facility-based case-control study
Authors: Garoma Dugasa , Merga Hailu , Hiko Desta
Published: April 2020

Background: Diabetic Retinopathy is one of the serious complications patients’ diabetic patients suffer from. Little is known about which risk factors are associated with this complication. The aim of this study was therefore to identify determinants of Diabetic Retinopathy in Jimma University Medical Center. Methods: A facility-based case-control study was conducted. Cases were Diabetic patients with diabetic retinopathy and who were on follow up at the Jimma University Medical Center while controls were Diabetic patients but free of diabetic retinopathy and who were on follow up at the Jimma University Medical Center. Cases and controls were identified and 311 of them were recruited using systematic random sampling. Data were entered into the Epi-Data version 4.1 and analyzed using SPSS Version 20. Binary Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify determinants of diabetic retinopathy. Result: A total of 106 cases and 205 controls diabetic participated in the study. Being ≥60 years of age (AOR=5.04,95%CI: 1.83,13.87),being illiterate (AOR=7.17, 95% CI: 2.61,19.7), poor adherence to medication (AOR =3: 95% CI: 1.29,6.95),having high systolic blood pressure (AOR=3.38:95% CI: 1.26,9.05), having family history of Diabetes Mellitus (AOR=3.95: 95% CI: 1.64,9.54), having other micro vascular complications (AOR=3.76,95% CI: 1.33,10.66), poor glycemic control (AOR=9.08, 95%CI: 3.7,22.29), poor cholesterol control (AOR= 0.21, 95%CI: 0.08,0.51) and being anaemic (AOR= 2.8, 95%CI: 1.05,7.47) were the independent determinants of diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: This study found that poor adherence to medication, being at the age of 60 years and above, being illiterate patients, having high systolic blood pressure, having a family history of Diabetes Mellitus, having other micro vascular complication, poor glycemic control, poor cholesterol control and being anemic patient were the independent determinants of diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, more attention should be given to older age and illiterate patients. Giving more emphasis for patients poorly adhered to anti-diabetic medications and giving advice for diabetic patients with high systolic blood pressure to follow their blood pressure regularly are also vital. Diabetic patients should also control their Blood sugar and blood cholesterol levels to prevent diabetic retinopathy or reduce its further complications.
Development of In Vitro resistance to fluoroquinolones in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zhao Lei , Wang Shiqi , Li Xiaobing , He Xiaojing , Jian Lingyan
Published: April 2020

Background: The objectives of this study were to investigate the dynamics of different resistant mechanisms in P.aeruginosa populations that have evolved under fluoroquinolone pressure, and any interactions between these mechanisms in the evolutionary trajectories. Methods: In this study, bacteria of the strain ATCC27853 were selected under different concentrations of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin for six parallel lineages. The four target genes in the quinolone-resistance determining region were amplified and then Sanger sequencing was used to find the mutations. The expression of four efflux pump proteins were evaluated by real-time PCR, using the relative quantitation method, and the ATCC27853 was selected as a control. Results: we found that the P.aeruginosa was killed by ciprofloxacin earlier than levofloxacin. We found five different mutations in three subunits of QRDRs in our study; gyrA was the main mutated gene for conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone. A greater number of mutations appeared at 4mg/L for levofloxacin and at 2mg/L for ciprofloxacin. The main efflux pump that was expressed was MexCD-OprJ, and the first over expressed was evident at 0.5mg/L for levofloxacin and 0.25mg/L for ciprofloxacin. Conclusions: The mutation of gyrA83 and overexpression of MexCD-OprJ were the main mechanisms that conferred resistance of P.aeruginosa to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin had a stronger ability to kill the bacteria, while may render bacteria more susceptible to resistance.
Jejunal Microbiome and Bile Acids Induced by Diets in Angus Beef Cattle
Authors: Liu Jianan , Liu Fang , Cai Wentao , Jia Cunling , Bai Ying , He Yanghua , Zhu Weiyun , Li Robert W. , Song Jiuzhou
Published: April 2020

Background: The small intestine, while serving as the main absorption organ, also possesses a unique microbiome environment and holds the critical function of conversion of primary bile acids. Bile acids are, in turn, able to regulate microbiome structure and promote the growth of bacteria that convert primary bile acids to secondary bile acids. However, in beef cattle, few studies have explored the microbiome compositions of the jejunum and its relationships with bile acids. Therefore, the hypothesis is that microbiome compositions in the intestine are influenced by diet style and also related to bile acids.Results: We demonstrated that the influences of diets on the intestinal microbiome could be observed in young beef cattle after weaning. A significantly higher level of microbial diversity was evidenced in feces of grass-fed animals comparing to grain-fed cattle. Top 20 essential genera were obtained with random forest analysis on the fecal microbiome to identify candidate microbial biomarkers. Moreover, the jejunal microbiome of adult Angus beef cattle exhibited significant differences in microbial composition and metabolic potential under different diets. Global balances and microbiome signatures of bile acids were identified. Conclusions: The findings from this study provided deep insights into microbiome compositions in fecal and jejunal and identified relationships between jejunal microbiome and bile acids with diets in Angus beef cattle. Our results should help us better understand grass-fed beef in production practice and potential health benefits.