bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Self-care Practices of Foot among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Asian Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Nursing officer National Hospital, Karapitiya, Dilrukshi K. K. J. , De Silva B. S. S. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent chronic disease all over the world. It has become the main reason for non-traumatic amputation. Major amputation occurs every 20 seconds, as a result of diabetic foot problems caused by poor foot care. The main purpose of this study is to determine the self-care practices of foot among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asian populations. The systematic review design was applied to find out the self-care practices of the foot. Thus, Pub Med, CINAHL, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library were searched, and 1390 articles published in English between 2016 and 2021 were identified. The PRISMA filtering technique with inclusion and exclusion criteria focused on selecting the best articles. Finally, seven articles were selected and analyzed critically to detect findings. Three themes emerged from the findings: poor foot care practices among Asians, mal-practices of foot self- care, and mal-practices of using footwear. A significant percentage of diabetic patients in the Asian region follow poor foot care practices and they follow many mal practices of diabetic foot care such as not trimming toenails straight across, cleaning their nails with sharp objects, and not applying any moisturizer on the foot skin to avoid dryness. Further, malpractices of using footwear leading to foot injuries were identified, such as not checking the inside of shoes before wearing, not measuring the foot size when selecting footwear, and wearing barefoot indoors and outdoors frequently. In conclusion, the malpractices of diabetic foot self-care and the malpractices of using footwear are influential factors for the development of various foot complications as well as increasing foot amputations. Thus, healthcare practitioners should maintain ongoing educational initiatives to ensure proper foot-care practices. Keywords; Self-care Practices; Type2 diabetes mellitus; Diabetic foot care
Knowledge and Practices on Episiotomy Care Among Primiparous Mothers Who Have Undergone Normal Vaginal Delivery in the Obstetric Unit of the District General Hospital, Ampara
Authors:   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Pradeepika K.L.S.N. , Dharmasena P.M.D.M. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Kumari U.H.B.E.S. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Kumari H.P.D.I. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Yasarathne G.A.G.S. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda, Priyanthi W.N. ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Nugegoda
Published: January 2025

An episiotomy is a surgical incision made through the perineum, to provide a sufficient space within the vaginal canal for the delivery of the baby. Nowadays, according to different obstetric protocols, 10-90% of women giving birth will have an episiotomy. However, episiotomy care and its associated complications can be influenced by the knowledge and practice of mothers. This study investigated the knowledge and practice among primiparous mothers regarding episiotomy care. This was a quantitative, descriptive study in which a convenience sampling method was used. A structured self-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data from the participants. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS (version 26). The findings show that 62.5% of primiparous mothers have adequate knowledge, 26.1% have moderate knowledge of episiotomy care and only 11.4% have inadequate knowledge. Interestingly, 96.6% of primiparous mothers showed adequate knowledge about the importance of taking medicines given by the hospital correctly, to prevent infection of the episiotomy incision and to speed up the recovery. When considering practice, 36.4% of primiparous mothers have adequate practice levels which is low compared to the knowledge on episiotomy care. According to the correlation studies, it was found that those who believe in herbal remedies (P=0.351) are more likely to use hot water for cleaning and showed strong correlations in certain practices such as washing hands before and after cleaning the incision, changing sanitary pads every 4 hours (P=.475) and washing the genital area with correct practices (P=0.420) suggesting primiparous mothers who believe in herbal remedies may be more likely to be health-conscious in general. Studying these patterns and trends will be useful for the identification of potential risk factors associated with certain factors, public health campaigns, targeted interventions, and future research activities. Keywords: Episiotomy; Primiparous Mothers; Knowledge and Practice; Maternal Health; Obstetric Care
Postpartum Depression: A review
Authors:   National Hospital Karapitiya, Madurika D.M , Yasara T.P.R ,   The Open University of Sri Lanka, Sri Lanka.
Published: January 2025

Postpartum depression is a common mental health issue that is often unrecognized and undertreated. It is a global public health issue while problematic patterns occur due to postpartum depression can persist across generations, negatively impacting quality of life. This review article addresses major traits of postpartum depression, including brief introduction of postpartum depression, risk factors contributing postpartum depression, current statistics, how it influences families and society. An integrative literature review was done using different electronic databases including PubMed, Google scholar, and Research Gate. The global prevalence of postpartum depression is estimated at 17.22%, though it varies significantly across regions. In Asia, postpartum depression rates range widely, from 0.82% in South Korea to 93% in Japan. Postpartum depression symptoms typically involve significant changes in sleep, eating, and activity patterns. Untreated maternal depression can harm child development and mother-infant bonding, with effects that also impact the partner and family. The greatest risk for postpartum depression is having a history of major depression and experiencing depression during past pregnancies. Research indicates that women’s ability to manage postpartum stress is linked to a combination of biological, social, and environmental factors. These factors differ based on cultural and geographic contexts. To prevent negative effects of postpartum depression on children and family, healthcare professionals and nurse practitioners should be knowledgeable about the signs and symptoms, screening methods, and treatment options. This study aimed to summarize the literature on postpartum depression, highlighting the research findings. Keywords: postpartum depression; risk factors; public health; management
Prevalence of Postpartum Depression and Self-harming Ideation among Postnatal Mothers in Selected MOH Areas in the Western Province, Sri Lanka
Authors:   University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, Ratnayake S.M.S. , Nimeshika K.M.H ,   University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, Senevirathna S.P.T.A. ,   University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, Tharuka D.S ,   University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, Karunathilaka M.A.N ,   University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, Wijewardhana S.H.M.P.E.H. ,   University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, De Silva T.R.U ,   University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, Haq M.R.I ,   University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, Gunathilaka T.L ,   University of Colombo, Sri Lanka, Herath H.M.C.M. ,   University of Colombo, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a form of depression that occurs in a postnatal mother following childbirth. Statistics in 2018 estimated that 17.7% of mothers experience PPD globally with a prevalence ranging from 7-33% in Asian countries. In South Asia, the reported prevalence ranges from 5-49%. A few studies have assessed its prevalence, and no research has been conducted in MOH areas of the Western Province. Additionally, there is limited focus on assessing self-harming ideation in mothers following delivery in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD and self-harming ideation among postnatal mothers in selected MOH areas in the Western Province of Sri Lanka. Mothers with PPD between 1 to 6 months postpartum were identified using a validated screening tool, the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EDPS) with a cut-off mark of 9 or more through an interviewer- administered questionnaire. Self-harming ideation was assessed through the 10th question in the EDPS ‘The thoughts of harming myself has occurred to me’. A total of 422 mothers, selected using simple random sampling from 10 MOH areas across all three districts in the Western Province, participated in the study, with a 100% response rate. PPD was evident in 97 mothers out of 422 scoring 9 or more on EDPS highlighting a prevalence of 22.99%. Additionally, 35 mothers (8.29%) out of 422 were identified as having self-harming thoughts. Among these, 18 (51.42%) of mothers experienced such thoughts ‘hardly ever’, 15 (42.85%) ‘sometimes’, and 2 (5.71%) ‘quite often’. Approximately, one in five mothers experience PPD and one in thirteen mothers experience self- harming ideation. This emphasizes the significance of addressing postnatal maternal health focusing on prenatal and postnatal care. Keywords: Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; Postpartum Depression; Postnatal Mothers; Prevalence; Self-harming thoughts
Contribution of the Keynote Speaker - Novel Nanotechnologies for New Medicines
Authors:   UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, United Kingdom, Williams Gareth
Published: January 2025

In order to be effective, a drug must be delivered to the right part of the body, at the correct time, and in an appropriate amount. If any one of these three criteria is not met, then a medicine will be ineffective or even dangerous. To develop potent medicines, pharmaceutical scientists need to find ways to enhance the intrinsic properties of drug molecules, for instance by increasing their solubility in water. There are a number of technologies which have been adopted to achieve these goals. One emerging approach which is attracting significant interest is electrospinning, which applies an electric field to generate nano-to-micro sized fibres from a polymer solution.
Electrospun fibres have been very widely explored in the context of drug delivery. The rapid drying nature of the process tends to result in amorphous systems, and use of a hydrophilic filament-forming polymer can give significant increases in dissolution rate, apparent solubility, and bioavailability. Electrospun formulations thus have great potential to overcome the solubility challenges faced by >70% of emerging drug candidates. Beyond this, by careful choice of the polymer carrier and the nanoscale architecture of the fibres, it is possible to precisely control both the drug release rate and location, and in a number of cases much sought after zero-order (constant rate) release has been obtained with electrospun systems.
In this study, we will first introduce the electrospinning technology, and then discuss a number of recent studies exploring its applications for drug delivery. We will further consider issues of translation from bench to bedside, and the likely patient acceptability of electrospun formulations.
The Use of Plant Tissue Culture Techniques for Producing Virus Free Manihot esculenta Var. MU51 Plants
Authors:   University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka, Madushani W.G.I , Jayasinghe K.G.J.U. ,   University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka, Aluthgamage H.N. ,   Institute of Agro Entrepreneurship Training, Gampola, Sri Lanka, Fonseka D.L.C.K. ,   University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Even though Manihot esculenta (Cassava) has been identified worldwide as a key starchy crop, it contains a rich number of phytochemicals that can be used for various purposes. However, conventional propagation methods have led to an increase in viral diseases, creating a problematic condition when using this species for the pharmaceutical industry. There is a lack of reliable protocols for the micropropagation of cassava (Var. MU51) for mass production in industrial use. Therefore, this work aimed to develop a reliable method for the mass production of healthy, virus-free Manihot esculenta (Var. MU51) for industrial applications. The focus was on creating a micropropagation protocol for the variety MU51, involving optimal surface sterilization and effective hormonal combination for shoot proliferation and ideal media for meristem culture. According to the study, a 10% Clorox solution, coupled with an exposure duration of 15 minutes, manifested the most noteworthy success rate (78 %) in preventing contamination (P < 0.05). In the context of the proliferation of shoots from M. esculenta nodes, the application of 0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l NAA as well as 1mg/l BAP + 0.1mg/l NAA following 5 weeks, the nodal segments that underwent shoot proliferation exhibited comparable growth in both treatments without significant difference (P > 0.05). The initiation of meristem growth was carried out utilizing a solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium fortified with a blend of 0.1 mg/l BAP, 0.25 mg/l GA3, and 0.2 mg/l NAA, in addition to a standard MS medium. The hormonal MS medium demonstrated a significantly superior survival rate (87%) (P < 0.05). The current investigation underscores the optimal conditions for mitigating contamination risks and promoting desirable outcomes in M. esculenta shoot proliferation and meristem growth, thereby contributing valuable insights to the fi eld. Keywords: Cassava; In-vitro culture; Meristem culture; Micropropagation
A Study on Conscinium fenestratum and Chitosan Biopolymer Composite for Ayurvedic Drug Delivery
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Alwis Manisha , Jayanetti Madara ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Thambiliyagodage Charitha ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

This study delves into the synergistic amalgamation of Coscinium fenestratum, an Ayurvedic medicinal plant, and chitosan biopolymer. This results in the innovative Venivel Chitosan Composite, which has established a pioneering drug delivery system. Subsequently, the composite material, Venivel Chitosan Composite, was formulated by integrating Coscinium fenestratum extract and chitosan biopolymer. Structural characteristics of Chitosan biopolymer and Venivel Chitosan Composite were determined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), offering valuable insights into their morphological features. Furthermore, a comprehensive characterization of the composite was achieved through the analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, elucidating its crystalline structure. A meticulous examination of the in vitro drug release profile revealed a predominant diffusion mechanism, indicating the potential suitability of this system for applications in wound healing treatments. In conclusion, integrating Coscinium fenestratum with chitosan biopolymer presents a versatile composite with promising anti bacterial, anti oxidant, and anti - infl ammatory properties, elevating its potential for targeted and controlled ayurvedic drug delivery applications. Keywords: Coscinium fenestratum; Drug delivery; Chitosan
Optimization of In-vitro Callus Induction and Cell Suspension Cultures of Gyrinops walla for Commercialization
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka, Benaragama Ruwani , Balasooriya Janeesha ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka, Yapa Chiyaki ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka, Nonis Sanadi ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka, Athukorala Damika ,   Quality Assurance Department, Navesta Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd, Sri Lanka, Kasturiarachchi Jagath ,   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka
Published: January 2025

Gyrinops walla (G.walla), often referred to as ‘Walla Patta’ in Sinhala, is an indigenous, economically important plant renowned for its production of agarwood, which is a highly valuable resin having high economical, religious and traditional values. G. walla trees take 5-7 years on average to grow naturally before being inoculated to produce resin. In-vitro callus culture approach will shorten the agarwood resin production process significantly and be important for the industry. However, tissue culture methods are challenging due to explant contamination and low rate of callus production. Therefore, this study aims to optimize the conditions for surface sterilization and enhance in-vitro callus induction from leaf explants, with the objective of advancing the development of cell suspension cultures for commercialization. The experiment for surface sterilization and callus induction was conducted using leaf explants obtained from two G.walla mother plants, a home garden plant and a wild plant. The results suggested that 100 mg/L silver nitrate (AgNO3) and Dettol provide a better surface sterilization for callus production, especially in explants from a home garden mother plant exhibiting a low contamination rate (31%) compared to explants from wild plants (80%). Also, explants from home garden mother plant possessed better callus inducti on (65%) compared to explants from wild mother plants (13%). Furthermore, this study suggests that AgNO3 can be used as an alternative for hazardous chemicals such as mercuric chloride (HgCl2), which is commonly applied in surface sterilization and, introducing ground callus to suspension cultures will yield an improved callus proliferation in suspension cultures. Keywords: G.walla; In-vitro callus induction; cell suspension cultures; AgNO3; commercial use
Assessment of Judgmental Validity of the Sinhala Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) Scale
Authors:   Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Malabe, Sri Lanka, Selvaratnam Naren D. , Selvaratnam Navodya C. ,   University of Peradeniya
Published: January 2025

Sri Lanka lacks a suitable psychometric tool to assess water insecurity effectively. To address this issue, in the present study, the Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) scale was translated into Sinhala language and tested for its face and content validity. Using established guidelines, first, face validity was evaluated with the participation of two subject matter experts (SMEs). Then, Cohen’s Kappa statistic (CKS) was calculated to obtain the inter- rater reliability to establish face validity. Second, the Delphi process was conducted with five SMEs to assess the content validity of the Sinhala HWISE scale. Subsequently, the Content Validity Index (CVI) for individual items (I-CVI), the overall scale (S-CVI), and S-CVI/UA (Universal Agreement) were utilized to quantify the output of the Delphi process. The results indicated that the HWISE scale was content valid based on the results of Delphi and S-CVI, while the I-CVI and S-CVI/UA indicated some departure from the expected thresholds. Fleiss Kappa Statistic (FKS) revealed minor inconsistencies in the quantified opinions of the SMEs in the Delphi process, which indirectly impacted I-CVI and S-CVI/UA. Overall, the HWISE scale has met satisfactory face and content validity. Keywords: Content validity index; Delphi process; Kappa statistic; Water insecurity; Classical test theory
A Multi -Objective Optimization Model to Support Freshly Cut Vegetable Processing Decisions
Authors:   University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka., Wijesuriya Thinendra B. , Dharmapriya Subodha ,   University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka., Kulathunga Asela K. ,   University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka., Premarathne Priyadarshani ,   University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka., Daundasekara Sajeevika S. ,   University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka.
Published: January 2025

This study presents a multi -objective optimization approach for decision making in fresh-cut vegetable processing, optimizing processing times and costs through the selection of alternative processes at various stages of the production. Despite the limited attention given to the fresh-cut vegetable industry, particularly in applying multi -objective optimization methods to support processing decisions, this study addresses the research need. The stages of fresh- cut vegetable processing, including peeling, cutting, washing, and packing, offer multi plealternative methods with varying costs and processing times. The problem is formulated as an integer bi-objective combinatorial optimization model aimed at optimizing total processing time and cost. Two algorithms, the discrete non-dominating sorting genetic algorithm- II (NSGA II) and the discrete non- dominated sorting particle swarm algorithm (NPSO), were applied to explore their complementary algorithmic performance. The local search behaviour of NSGA- II was enhanced through several innovative local search operators including crossover, and mutation operators, while various position and velocity update operators were used in NPSO. Both primary and secondary data were utilised in estimating the process parameters of each alternative processing methods. The results showed that NPSO exhibited more robust convergence, while NSGA-II produced a greater number of solutions in the Pareto front. Keywords: Evolutionary meta-heuristics techniques; multi -objective optimization; NSGA-II; Particle swarm optimization; Process selection decision
The Relationship between Home-Based Mindfulness Meditation and Quality of Life among Adults in the Colombo District, Sri Lanka: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors:   National Institute of Business Management (NIBM), Sri Lanka, Perera K.A. H. N. , Goonetilleke W. A. R. N. M. T. ,   University of Colombo
Published: January 2025

Mindfulness meditation is increasingly recognized in contemporary psychology as a therapeutic technique to promote optimal living and it is defined as paying purposeful, non-judgmental attenti on to the present moment, which enhances the quality of life (QOL). In Sri Lanka, people primarily engage in home-based meditation for spiritual well- being, but there is limited research on its broader effects. This study aims to examine the relationship between home-based mindfulness meditation (MM) practices and QOL, and to explore the duration of MM practices and mindfulness attention awareness among practitioners. A quantitative cross-sectional correlational study was conducted using purposive and snowball sampling methods, collecting data from 104 daily home-based meditators in Colombo, Sri Lanka, including 57 females and 47 males. Two self- administered questi onnaires were utilized including the World Health Organization Quality of Life- BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) scale, and the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) to measure QOL and mindfulness practices. Statistical analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 25 revealed a significantly moderate positive correlation between the frequency of mindfulness meditation and the physical, psychological, social relationships, and environmental domains of QOL. Additionally, individuals who practiced mindfulness more frequently exhibited higher levels of attention awareness. Additionally, it was found that females were more likely than males to engage in home- based mindfulness practices frequently or with greater intensity. Keywords: quality of life; home-based mindfulness meditation; attention awareness
The Impact of Green Entrepreneurs, Competitive Intensity, and Climate Risks on Innovation
Authors:   Tuanku Abdurean University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Hoong On Chee
Published: January 2025

Greater Kuala Lumpur, a global city connecting Malaysia and Asia with the world, is a growing hub for innovation. This study explores the influence of green entrepreneurial orientation and managerial environmental concerns on innovative behavior and creative performance, incorporating climate change risk perception and competitive intensity. Grounded in cultural cognition theory, data from 220 young small business owners were analyzed using structural equation modeling to examine how climate change risk perception mediates the relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation, managerial environmental concerns, and innovation. Results indicate that climate change risk perception significantly mediates these variables’ impact on both innovation behavior and creative performance, while competitive intensity moderates the effects of green entrepreneurship and managerial environmental concerns on climate risk perception. The study offers theoretical and practical insights to support creative and innovative behavior in small enterprises.
The Impact of Human Capital, Capabilities, and Innovation on Success: A Study of Greek SMEs
Authors:   Aristotle University, Thessaloniki, Greece, Moschogianni Georgia
Published: January 2025

Greek SMEs extensively seek to enhance firm innovativeness and competitive advantage, but these efforts have yet to achieve optimal effectiveness. This study explores the relationships between human capital, structural capital, relational capital, and digital business competence, examining their influence on competitive advantage and firm innovativeness. The study also identifies the mediating role of digital business model innovation within these relationships. Using SmartPLS 3.0 to analyze 167 responses covering 42 items, the findings reveal that human, structural, and relational capital have a direct influence on digital business model innovation. Furthermore, digital business capabilities exhibit a moderating effect, while digital business model innovation acts as a mediator. However, the results indicate that structural and relational capital, moderated by digital business capabilities, have an insignificant impact on firm innovativeness and competitive advantage.
The Rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) in Academic Research: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors:   Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Eswatini, Ademola Sanni Shamsudeen , Yusuf Aliyu Olugbenga , Olalekan Adullahi Adulazeez , Kamoru Lasisi ,   Department of Library and Information Science; Federal University of Lafia, PMB 146, Lafia, Nasarawa State, Nigeria,   Department of Library and Information Science, Kwara State University, Malete, Kwara, Nigeria.,   Kampala international Universit, Kampala, Uganda
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the use of AI chatbots for academic writing among research students and academics in Sub-Saharan Africa. A survey of 115 participants revealed a growing adoption of chatbots, with over 77% already using them for various tasks. Brainstorming research ideas and literature review support were the most popular applications, highlighting their role in sparking creativity and knowledge management. While nearly half found chatbots highly impactful, a significant portion reported moderate or low effectiveness, suggesting a need for further development. Ethical considerations were prominent, with privacy being the top concern. Participants emphasised the need for clear guidelines on data security, and mitigating bias in AI-generated information. Findings also identified a lack of institutional support for AI chatbots. Over half reported limited support, and many were unsure about available resources in their institutions to support the use of chatbots. This highlights the need for universities to develop training programs and technical support structures to help researchers leverage this technology effectively. Overall, the study suggests a promising future for AI chatbots in Sub-Saharan African research. However, addressing ethical concerns and fostering institutional support is crucial for maximizing their benefits and ensuring responsible integration within academic workflows.
Effect of Potassium Spray and the Addition of Organic Matter on Some Physical Properties of Soil and Yield of Yellow Maize (Glory) Variety
Authors: Kreet Aws Mahmoud , Jassem Sabah Mahdi , Abs Deyaa Hussein
Published: January 2025

Field experiment was conducted for the autumn season 2022 in Khamisiyah area/Babil governorate in silty loam soil to study the effect of foliar fertilization for four levels of potassium (0, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5 g potassium per liter-1) and its source is potassium sulfate and four levels of zinc are ( 0, 25, 50, 75 mg zinc L-1) and its source is zinc sulfate water and their interaction in some physical properties of soil and indicators of yield and quality of yellow maize plant for Glory variety. A fully randomized block design was used for three replicates, and means were compared using a least significant difference at the 5% probability level. The observations are as follows:Foliar potassium application (4.5 gm K/L-1) significantly increased the average weighted diameter and hydraulic conductivity of the soil after planting, the number of grains per panicle, the weight of 500 grains, the total grain yield, and the content of protein and oil in grains, significantly Increase 26.9, 26.0, 37.2, 16.4, 20.5, 18.2, 96.9, 16.7 and 35.7% respectively, However, soil bulk density values were reduced by 5.8% compared to the control treatment (sprayed with water only) which gave the lowest average value. Foliar application of zinc (75 mg zinc L-1) significantly improved the mean values of the above traits by 17.4, 13.3, 29.2, 16.6, 19.7, 10.6, 64.1, 41.7 and 42.8%. The bulk density was reduced by 5.8% compared to the control treatment which showed the lowest mean value, the results also showed that the combination (4.5 gm Potassium L-1 + 75 mg Zinc L-1) was increasing the growth index and gave the highest mean value, They were 0.94 mm, 14.7 cm/min, 1.7 cobs, 19.3 rows, 425.8 grains, 138.9 g and 13.4 mcg.h-1, 10.92% and 7.52%, respectively, while the bulk density was 1.36 μgm3, respectively.
A Comparative Study of Emotional Intelligence in Full-Time and Part-Time Students of Filipino College Students
Authors: Dulalas T. M. B. , Deguiñon J. P. , Famor K. V. C. , Osma H. J. C. , Puda L. J. Y. , Batiancila M. J. Q.
Published: January 2025

In today’s educational setting, the difference between full-time students and part-time students is becoming more important. Part-time students frequently have to manage complicated life situations while juggling obligations to their families, jobs, and education. Emotional Intelligence (EI) may develop differently due to the unique challenges faced by working students compared to their full-time peers who typically engage in more traditional academic environments. The need for this study, therefore, arises out of the attempt to make comparisons between the different levels of emotional intelligence. EI of Full-time and Part-time students. Data from a sample of 300 students was gathered using a standardized Emotional Intelligence assessment tool as part of the study’s quantitative descriptive-comparative research approach. For the analysis of the results and to define the importance of any differences between the two groups, the gathered data was analyzed with the help of the Mann Whitney U Test Independent T-test. The conclusion of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicates that the data are not regularly distributed. As a result, the levels of both variables were described by employing the mean and standard deviation. The mean and standard deviation will be utilized. The results showed that Full-time and Part-time students did not tend to have a marked difference in their Emotional quotients. The mean Emotional Intelligence (EI) score for Full-Time students was 3.66 (SD= 0.332), while for the Part-time students’ Emotional Intelligence (EI) score was 3.70 (SD=0.471). This suggests that factors other than employment status may have a greater influence on the Emotional Intelligence (EI) ratios between Full-time and Part-time students.
Structural and Content Analysis of Notifications and Orders Issued by the Government of the Punjab, Pakistan
Authors: Nawaz Mazhar
Published: January 2025

This research study analyzes the formatting and language used in notifications and orders issued by the Government of Punjab in Pakistan. It examines how these legal documents are arranged and structured, the terminology utilized, and how these impact formal communications and public access to information. A range of notifications and orders were inspected, such as those relating to public health initiatives and law enforcement activities. The evaluation reveals that a consistent structure is applied with distinct sections like headings, introductions, primary content sections, and conclusions. Appropriate legal citations are incorporated to affirm precision and standing. This formal register highlights the necessity of adhering to pertinent rules and regulations. However, a persisting challenge remains that the complex legal terminology employed in these documents renders the legislation obscure for most citizens. Only individuals with specialized training can fully comprehend the communications. The paper proposes adopting innovative methods for alternative government divisions to develop informational content employing straightforward terminology comprehensible to all. It also recommends improving digital access to these legal notices and adapting outreach methods for varied audiences. The overarching goal is to strike the equilibrium between preserving legal accuracy while also guaranteeing the general public can easily grasp messages from governing bodies, which is essential for cultivating trust and good governance.
Teachers’ Experiences in School-Based Learning Action Cell (LAC) Sessions in Oriental Mindoro National High School
Authors: Dilay Eunice N , Ramos Alice R
Published: January 2025

Designed with the qualitative research design, the study’s goal focused on the in-depth understanding of the selected junior high school mathematics teachers’ experiences from Oriental Mindoro National High School towards School-Based Learning Action Cell (SLAC), a K to 12 Basic Education Program School-Based Continuing Professional Development Strategy for the Improvement of Teaching and Learning (DepEd Order No. 35, s. 2016). Utilizing the data from the interview with seven (7) mathematics teachers, twelve (12) themes emerged in the study. Among the teachers’ positive experiences in SLAC included fostering collaborative learning, enabling the acquisition of relevant content, aiding personal and professional growth and development, and promoting output-based strategy. Meanwhile, their negative experiences included resource and time constraints and resistance to changes and possible improvements. Teacher-participants dealt with the challenges and difficulties experienced during the SLAC session by promoting institutionalized session, encouraging participants’ active participation, aligning the content to the actual needs, having proper time allotment and scheduling, and inviting experts to discuss the topic. Generally, to reach the actual goals of the School-Based LAC session, there must be an utmost commitment among teachers and school leaders.
Exploring the Effectiveness of Supervision in Enhancing Management of Educational Facilities in Secondary Schools in Akinyele Local Government of Oyo State
Authors: Jinadu Afeez T.
Published: January 2025

The study explored the effective use of supervision of educational facilities management in bringing effective and efficient teaching and learning processes in schools in Akinyele local government. Ex-post facto design was adopted Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select fifteen principals, thirty vice-principals, forty-five heads of departments and one hundred and fifty students making two hundred and forty participated in the study. Two validated instruments were employed, and data collected were analyzed by frequency count and Pearson correlation. 119 (49.6%) of the respondents indicated bimonthly supervision of their school, followed by 62 (25.8%) monthly, 46 (19.2%) weekly, and 13 (5.4%) never indicated that their schools have never been supervised. There is a high positive correlation between education supervision and availability of facilities in schools (r = 0.770; P = 0.000). There is a high positive correlation between education supervision and access to facilities (r = 0.838; P = 0.000). There is a high positive correlation between education supervision and usability of facilities in schools (r = 0.863; P = 0.000). 196 (81.7%) proper utilisation of education facilities top the roles of supervisors in management of educational facilities as indicated by respondents. Watch dog follows this for lazy teachers 184 (76.7%). School and education supervision affect the availability, adequacy, access to as well as utilization of education facilities; therefore, school supervision should be continuous with a view to making the availability of education facilities more adequate, accessible, and utilized.
The Influence of Tax Service Quality, Government Trust, and Social Value Orientation on Tax Compliance among Small and Medium Enterprises in North Rift Economic Bloc, Kenya
Authors: Kiptum Amos , Kapkiyai Collins , Kirui Daniel
Published: January 2025

Strengthening domestic resource mobilization has become critical for governments globally as fiscal space for growth and development spending continues to shrink. Effective tax collection is vital for state financing, but it is equally important to improve how revenue is raised. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of tax service quality, government trust, and social value orientation on tax compliance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the North Rift Economic Bloc, Kenya. Using a positivist research philosophy and explanatory design, a sample of 393 SME owners/managers was drawn from a target population of 21,232 registered SMEs through stratified sampling. Data was collected via a self-administered questionnaire, and reliability and validity were confirmed with a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.7 and factor analysis. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed, with multiple regression analysis conducted using the Andrew Hayes Process macro. The study found that tax service quality (β =.541, p =.0000<0.05), government trust (β =.375, p =.000<0.05), and social value orientation (β =.234, p =.0000<0.05) had a positive and significant effect on tax compliance. The study underscores the importance of enhancing tax service quality and fostering government trust as key strategies to improve tax compliance among SMEs. Additionally, incorporating social value orientation into tax policy design is essential for optimizing revenue collection. This research offers new insights into the dynamic interplay between tax service quality, government trust, and social value orientation, providing a comprehensive understanding of their combined impact on tax compliance in the SME sector.
An Assessment of Financial Literacy in Sri Lankan Community
Authors: Abeyrathna K. G. N. W.
Published: January 2025

This study assess financial literacy and major determining factors. Recent financial turmoil pointed out the timely need for financial literacy. This research aims to evaluate the financial literacy of the Sri Lankan village-based community financial literacy based on the Monaragala District. This survey considers the 25 participants using purposive sampling. Respondents had to answer the 65 questions which were placed on a five Likert scale where (1=strongly disagree, 2= Disagree, 3=Neutral, 4= Agree, 5= strongly agree). Primary data were collected using a face–to- face interview method with a comprehensive questionnaire. As a research model, the descriptive statistic was used to present the result of the data. SPSS and MS Excel were used to analyze the collected data. The result of the research it has shown increasing positive attitudes about keeping savings while showing negative attitudes about the investing.
From Rural Sociology to Integrated Rural Development: Re-Establishing Valuable Antecedents and Connections of Rural Communication
Authors: Ojurongbe Samuel Ayodele
Published: January 2025

The growing concern for food security, the environment, and the need to strategize on rural development continues to arise in today’s globalized world. This is more so because a sizeable number of the world’s population resides in the rural areas in addition to the reality that rural areas remain the food baskets and the repository of usable knowledge of all growing economies. This paper is based on findings from a systematic literature review of related literature and concludes that while the need to focus on the rural area and develop its potential is ever increasing, it is becoming imperative to return to the root of the rural phenomenon with the hope that such a return may offer the needed wisdom and perspectives to navigate the recurring issues of strategic communication plans for rural development. It is believed that this return to the classic foundations may offer a sense of contact with the basics from which clearer ideas may emerge to steer the ship of rural communication to the promised land of sustained development. Through a review of related literature, the paper brings insights from antecedents and attempts to present a clearer view of issues and concerns that will form the thrust of more effective planning and implementation of communication strategies geared toward rural development. By establishing links between rural sociology, rural studies, rural development and communication for rural development, the study also attempts to confirm the authenticity of the recurrent theme of inter-disciplinarity in the search for a usable past.
Beyond Circumstances: Exploring the Socioeconomic Barriers in Pursuit of Education
Authors: Decierdo Aram Earl , Hecole Clint-Roy , Villanueva Kyleighne , Pajo Mariel , Taja-on Evan
Published: January 2025

The adage “Ang kahirapan ay hindi hadlang sa pag-aaral” translates to “Poverty is not a hindrance to education,” highlighting the determination and resilience of students facing economic adversity in their pursuit of academic success. Despite the challenges posed by low socioeconomic status, education is viewed as a vital avenue for empowerment and socioeconomic advancement, with students often balancing work and study to overcome financial constraints. This study seeks to address a gap in the literature by delving into the lived experiences of students confronting poverty. Employing a phenomenological research design, the study explores how students navigate poverty while pursuing their education. Purposive sampling was utilized, selecting five college students from low socioeconomic backgrounds to offer rich insights into overcoming financial barriers. Data was collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using narrative analysis to identify key themes and patterns. The study reveals significant themes such as poverty’s financial and emotional impacts, strategies employed to overcome economic hardships, and the pivotal roles of perseverance and motivation in attaining academic success. Participants emphasized the importance of dedication and effort over financial resources. These findings underscore the necessity of supporting underprivileged students through counseling services and mentorship programs. Additionally, the study suggests further research to explore the long-term outcomes and effectiveness of support interventions.
Evaluation of Sleep Problems, Quality of Life and Chronotype Characteristics in Children with Primary Headache
Authors: Begen Mehmet , elik Yusuf , kan Bahad
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Primary headache is common in children and negatively affects quality of life and sleep. This study aimed to compare the sleep, quality of life, and chronotype characteristics of children with primary headaches to healthy controls.

Method: This cross-sectional study included patients diagnosed according to the "International Headache Classification-3." The "Sleep Disorders Scale for Children (SDSC)" assessed sleep characteristics, the "Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL)" evaluated quality of life, and the "Childhood Chronotype Questionnaire (CCQ)" examined chronotype preferences of patients and controls. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results: The study included 50 patients with primary headaches and 50 healthy controls. Statistically significant differences were found between the groups in the physical, psychosocial, and total scores of the PedsQL, and in the sleep initiation, wakefulness transition, excessive sleepiness, and total scores of the SDSC (p<0.05). However, no significant difference was found between the groups regarding chronotype preferences (p=0.401). The SDSC sleep sweating score was a significant predictor of the CCQ score.

Discussion: Our findings indicate that primary headaches in children and adolescents are associated with impaired quality of life and increased sleep problems, suggesting the need to address sleep and psychosocial issues in their evaluation. The lack of difference in chronotype preference may relate to the sample size and age range. Future studies with larger samples and specific age groups may provide more objective data.
Borderline ovarian tumors: Importance of morphologic features, and contribution of MRI to diagnosis
Authors: kap G , Kaya Serhat , evik Numan , lek Bet , en G
Published: January 2025

Objective: Differential diagnosis of borderline ovarian tumors (BOT) and malignant lesions with MRI is of great importance in terms of recognizing the chance of fertility preserving surgery. We aimed to describe and compare the MRI imaging findings and morphologic features of borderline and malignant ovarian tumors.
Materials and Methods: Patients who underwent pelvic MRI due to adnexal mass between 2019 and 2024 in the Radiology departments of two center have been screened. Thirty-six lesions from 34 patients with BOT were identified and compared with the randomly selected 20 malignant adnexal tumors in 19 patients. Morphological features of lesions, contrast enhancement pattern, Apparent Diffusion Coefficients values, presence of ascites and peritoneal implants were evaluated for each lesion.
Results: Type 3 contrast enhancement pattern was reported in 8% of BOTs, and 26% of the malignant tumors. No significant difference was observed between BOT and malignant lesions in terms of contrast enhancement pattern (p = 0.274). In patients with BOTs, our rate of differentiating the ipsilateral ovary was higher than in malignant patients. Ipsilateral ovary was not discriminated in 25 (69.4%) of the BOTs, and 18 (90%) of the malignant lesions, with a borderline statistical significance (p = 0.075). Although the papillary lesions were commonly borderline and big-amorph lesions were commonly malignant, the difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.078).
Conclusion: Presence of solid tissue and the type of solid component are the most prominent features for the distinction of BOTs and malignant lesions. Time-intensity curves may provide additional information.