bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Highly Sensitive Multimodal Tactile Sensing Module with Planar Structure for Dexterous Manipulation of Robots
Authors: Bok Bo-Gyu , Jang Jin-Seok , Kim Min-Seok
Published: February 2023

Herein, a multimodal tactile sensing module that can improve the dexterous manipulation capabilities of robots with parallel grippers is reported. The tactile sensor consists of a 4 × 4 matrix 3‐axis force sensor array (with spacings of 2 mm) and a single‐temperature sensor. The tactile sensor uses inorganic silicon and gold as materials for the detection of strain and temperature and a polymer‐based elastomer to encapsulate the sensing layer. The sensing module is equipped with a readout circuitry for signal processing. Within the measurable force range (≈1.5 N) of the sensor cell, a prototype module exhibits a repeatability error within 2%, a hysteresis error within 3%, and a resolution as small as 10 mN. Furthermore, each sensor cell independently measures 3‐axis forces with a cross‐talk error of approximately 3%. The temperature sensor exhibits linear output properties in the approximate range of 5–75 °C. Experiments are performed by mounting the module on a parallel gripper to grasp a paper cup and a reflex hammer toy. According to the experimental results, the sensor can accurately detect the state of contact with an object by analyzing three tactile modalities (i.e., 3‐axis force distribution, vibration, and temperature).
DNA‐Incorporated Biomimetic Olfactory Neuroepithelium That Facilitates Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ahmad Waqar , Yan Wenjun , Ling Min , Liang Chengdu
Published: February 2023

Designing biomimetic olfactory neuroepithelium (BONe) with subnanosized active domains as artificial olfactory receptors (ORs) is highly desirable to sense various colorless and odorless hazardous odorants which find no appropriate ORs in the human olfactory neuroepithelium (ONe), yet challenging because of the unsuitability of biomolecules for a design that requires effective electronic features and stability. Herein, a DNA‐incorporated 3D BONe is introduced, where DNA facilitates optimal tuning of d‐band center, and in situ anchoring of PdO2 subnanoscale clusters (PdO2‐sNCs) on the exfoliated single‐layer reduced graphene oxide (SL rGO), to mimic wrinkled morphology of natural ONe. Unprecedentedly, BONe demonstrates benchmarked H2‐sensing performance (small recovery time of ≈30 s with a limit of detection of 50 ppb) at room temperature with yearlong durability, satisfying prerequisites of safe adoption of H2 clean energy. The great recovery is innovatively illustrated by the downshift of d‐band center of PdO2‐sNCs and strong electron transport of SL‐rGO network. An adsorption/desorption model is proposed to clarify the sensing mechanism. BONe design may eventually be integrated with artificial intelligent electronics for ppb‐level sensing of harmful gases to ensure accident prevention in modern public and military environments.
Ultrafast, Programmable, and Electronics‐Free Soft Robots Enabled by Snapping Metacaps
Authors: Jin Lishuai , Yang Yueying , Maldonado Bryan O. Torres , Lee Sebastian David , Figueroa Nadia , Full Robert J. , Yang Shu
Published: February 2023

Soft robots offer a myriad of potential because of their intrinsically compliant bodies, enabling safe interactions with humans and adaptability to unpredictable environments. However, most of them have limited actuation speeds, require complex control systems, and lack sensing capabilities. To address these challenges, herein, a class of metacaps is geometrically designed by introducing an array of ribs to a spherical cap with programmable bistabilities and snapping behaviors, enabling several unprecedented soft robotic functionalities. Specifically, a centimeter‐sized, sensor‐less metacap gripper is demonstrated that can grasp objects in 3.75 ms upon physical contact or pneumatic actuation with tunable behaviors that have little dependence on the rate of input. The grippers can be readily integrated into a robotic platform for practical applications. The metacap can further enable propelling of a swimming robot, exhibiting amplified swimming speed as well as untethered, electronics‐free swimming with tunable speeds using an oscillating valve. The metacap designs provide new strategies to enable the next‐generation soft robots to achieve high transient output energy and autonomous and electronics‐free maneuvering.
A TfOH‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Reaction of Propargylic Alcohols, Sulfonamides and Aldehydes for the Synthesis of Acyclic α‐Arylidene β‐Aminoketones
Authors: Li Tiantian , Zhang Qinglin , Wang Zhihai , Yin Yan
Published: February 2023

This work demonstrates a TfOH‐catalyzed multicomponent reaction. Using propargylic alcohols, aldehydes and sulfonamides as the substrates, a wide variety of acyclic α‐arylidene β‐aminoketones were prepared in high yields. The reaction mechanism likely involved a sulfonyl imide intercepted Meyer‐Schuster rearrangement combined with 1,3‐aryl migration. The present transformations proceeded with a low catalyst loading and permitted a large number of substituents on all reactants. The superior atom economy, high yield and convenient operation of this reaction suggest that it may be a practical alternative for the construction of acyclic α‐arylidene β‐aminoketones.
Efficient Reverse Intersystem Crossing in Carbene‐Copper‐Amide TADF Emitters via an Intermediate Triplet State
Authors: Zobel J. Patrick , Wernbacher Anna M. , González Leticia
Published: February 2023

The mechanism behind reverse intersystem crossing (rISC) in metal‐based TADF emitters is still under debate. Thermal rISC necessitates small singlet/triplet energy gaps as realized in donor‐acceptor systems with charge‐transfer excited states. However, their associated spin‐orbit couplings are too small to account for effective rISC. Here, we report the first nonadiabatic dynamics simulation of the rISC process in a carbene‐copper(I)‐carbazolyl TADF emitter. Efficient rISC on a picosecond time scale is demonstrated for an initial triplet minimum geometry that exhibits a perpendicular orientation of the ligands. The dynamics involves an intermediate higher‐lying triplet state of metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer character (3MLCT), which enables large spin‐orbit couplings with the lowest singlet charge transfer state. The mechanism is completed in the S1state, where the complex can return to a co‐planar coordination geometry that presents high fluorescence efficiency.
Wide‐coverage and Efficient NIR Emission from Single‐component Nanophosphors through Shaping Multiple Metal‐halide Packages
Authors: Li Xin , Shen Xinyu , Lu Min , Wu Jinlei , Zhong Yuan , Wu Zhennan , Yu William W. , Gao Yanbo , Hu Junhua , Zhu Jinyang , Zhang Yu , Bai Xue
Published: February 2023

Wide‐coverage near infrared (NIR) phosphor‐converted LEDs possess promising potential for practical applications, but little is developed towards the efficient and wide‐coverage NIR phosphors. Here, we report the single‐component lanthanide (Ln3+) ions doped Cs2M(In0.95Sb0.05)Cl6 (M=alkali metal) nanocrystals (NCs), exhibiting emission from 850 to 1650 nm with high photoluminescence quantum yield of 20.3 %, which is accomplished by shaping the multiple metal halide octahedra of double perovskite via the simple alkali metal substitution. From Judd‐Ofelt theoretical calculation and spectroscopic investigations, the shaping of metal halide octahedra in Cs2M(In1−xSbx)Cl6 NCs can break the forbidden of f‐f transition of Ln3+, thus increasing their radiative transition rates and simultaneously boosting the energy transfer efficiency from host to Ln3+. Finally, the wide‐coverage NIR LEDs based on Sm3+, Nd3+, Er3+‐tridoped Cs2K0.5Rb0.5(In0.95Sb0.05)Cl6 NCs are fabricated and employed in the multiplex gas sensing and night‐vision application.
Enzymatic Electrosynthesis of Glycine from CO2 and NH3
Authors: Wu Ranran , Li Fei , Cui Xinyu , Li Zehua , Ma Chunling , Jiang Huifeng , Zhang Lingling , Zhang Yi‐Heng P. Job , Zhao Tongxin , Zhang Yanping , Li Yin , Chen Hui , Zhu Zhiguang
Published: February 2023

Enzymatic electrosynthesis has gained more and more interest as an emerging green synthesis platform, particularly for the fixation of CO2. However, the simultaneous utilization of CO2 and a nitrogenous molecule for the enzymatic electrosynthesis of value‐added products has never been reported. In this study, we constructed an in vitro multienzymatic cascade based on the reductive glycine pathway and demonstrated an enzymatic electrocatalytic system that allowed the simultaneous conversion of CO2 and NH3 as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources to synthesize glycine. Through effective coupling and the optimization of electrochemical cofactor regeneration and the multienzymatic cascade reaction, 0.81 mM glycine was yielded with a highest reaction rate of 8.69 mg L−1 h−1 and faradaic efficiency of 96.8 %. These results imply a promising alternative for enzymatic CO2 electroreduction and expand its products to nitrogenous chemicals.
Exploration of ethylene glycol linked nitrofurantoin derivatives against Leishmania: Synthesis and in vitro activity
Authors: Ndlovu Keitumetsi , Kannigadu Christina , Aucamp Janine , van Rensburg Helena D. Janse , N'Da David D.
Published: February 2023

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease that is caused by the Leishmania parasite. It is estimated that there are more than 350 million people at risk of infection annually. Current treatments that are in clinical use are expensive, have toxic side effects, and are facing parasitic resistance. Therefore, new drugs are urgently required. In the quest for new, safe, and cost‐effective drugs, a series of novel ethylene glycol derivatives of nitrofurantoin was synthesised and the in vitro antileishmanial efficacy of the compounds tested against Leishmania donovani and Leishmania major strains. Arylated ethylene glycol derivatives were found to be the most potent, with submicromolar activity up to 294‐fold greater than the parent compound nitrofurantoin. Analogues 2j and 2k had the best antipromastigote activities with submicromolar IC50 values against L. major IR‐173 and antimonial‐resistant L. donovani 9515 strains.
New benzimidazole‐oxadiazole derivatives: Synthesis, α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase activity, and molecular modeling studies as potential antidiabetic agents
Authors: Acar Çevik Ulviye , Celik Ismail , Paşayeva Leyla , Fatullayev Hanifa , Bostancı Hayrani E. , Özkay Yusuf , Kaplancıklı Zafer A.
Published: February 2023

Benzimidazole‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole derivatives (5a–z) were synthesized and characterized with different spectroscopic techniques such as 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The synthesized analogs were examined against α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase enzymes to determine their antidiabetic potential. Compounds 5g and 5q showed the most activity with 35.04 ± 1.28 and 47.60 ± 2.16 µg/mL when compared with the reference drug acarbose (IC50 = 54.63 ± 1.95 µg/mL). Compounds 5g, 5o, 5s, and 5x were screened against the α‐amylase enzyme and were found to show excellent potential, with IC50 values ranging from 22.39 ± 1.40 to 32.07 ± 1.55 µg/mL, when compared with the standard acarbose (IC50 = 46.21 ± 1.49 µg/mL). The antioxidant activities of the effective compounds (5o, 5g, 5s, 5x, and 5q) were evaluated by TAS methods. A molecular docking research study was conducted to identify the active site and explain the functions of the active chemicals. To investigate the most likely binding mode of the substances 5g, 5o, 5q, 5s, and 5x, a molecular dynamics simulation was also carried out.
Novel Somatic UBA1 Variant in a Patient With VEXAS Syndrome
Authors: Stiburkova Blanka , Pavelcova Katerina , Belickova Monika , Magaziner Samuel J. , Collins Jason C. , Werner Achim , Beck David B. , Balajkova Veronika , Salek Cyril , Vostry Martin , Mann Herman , Vencovsky Jiri
Published: February 2023

Objective

Somatic mutations in UBA1 have recently been causally linked to a severe adult‐onset inflammatory condition referred to as VEXAS (vacuoles, E1 enzyme, X‐linked, autoinflammatory, somatic) syndrome. Ubiquitin‐activating enzyme E1 (UBA‐1) is of fundamental importance to the modulation of ubiquitin homeostasis and to the majority of downstream ubiquitylation‐dependent cellular processes. Direct sequencing analysis of exon 3 containing the prevalent variants p.Met41Leu, p.Met41Val, and/or p.Met41Thr is usually used to confirm the disease‐associated mutations.

Methods

We studied the clinical, biochemical, and molecular genetic characteristics of a 59‐year‐old man with a 2‐year history of arthritis, fever, night sweats, nonspecific skin rash, lymphadenopathy, and myelodysplastic syndrome with multilineage dysplasia.

Results

The mutational analysis revealed a previously undescribed sequence variant c.1430G>C in exon 14 (p.Gly477Ala) in the gene UBA1. In vitro enzymatic analyses showed that p.Gly477Ala led to both decreased E1 ubiquitin thioester formation and E2 enzyme charging.

Conclusion

We report a case of a patient of European ancestry with clinical manifestations of VEXAS syndrome associated with a newly identified dysfunctional UBA‐1 enzyme variant. Due to the patient's insufficient response to various immunosuppressive treatments, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was performed, which resulted in significant improvement of clinical and laboratory manifestations of the disease.

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A Review of Polymer‐based Solid‐State Electrolytes for Lithium‐Metal Batteries: Structure, Kinetic, Interface Stability, and Application
Authors: Zhao Xiaoxue , Wang Chao , Liu Hong , Liang Yuhao , Fan Li‐Zhen
Published: February 2023

Solid‐state polymer electrolytes (SPEs) for all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) have received considerable attention owing to excellent processability, good flexibility, high safety levels, and superior thermal stability. However, the practical application of SPEs is currently restricted by their low ionic conductivity, narrow electrochemical oxidation window, and poor long‐term stability of lithium (Li) metal. These challenges are mainly related to the polymer molecular structures, the dynamic of the polymer electrolyte, and the polymer compound stability at the electrode‐electrolyte interface. In this review, we provide recent strategies and discuss strategies of interest for applications to high‐energy‐density ASSB, particularly the molecular design, ion‐transport dynamic mechanisms of solid polymer electrolytes, and organic‐inorganic composite. Based on recent work, perspectives on future research directions are discussed for developing solid polymer electrolytes.
Significantly raising tetracyanoquinodimethane electrode performance in zinc‐ion battery at low temperatures by eliminating impurities
Authors: Wang Shuchan , Deng Wenwen , Geng Zhiyuan , Li Peiyuan , Hu Naiqi , Zhu Limin , Sun Wei , Li Chang Ming
Published: February 2023

Applications of organic compounds‐based electrodes in aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) at low temperatures are severely restricted by the freezing of aqueous electrolytes and the inferior dynamic behavior of organic electrodes below zero. Herein, tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) was purified by the sublimation method and used as a cathode in AZIBs to investigate electrochemical Zn storage performance in comparison with nonpurified TCNQ at a temperature range of 25°C to −40°C. Nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis prove increased purity in purified TCNQ (p‐TCNQ), whereas scanning electron microscope and Brunner−Emmet−Teller data verify reduced particle size and increased surface area of p‐TCNQ. Kinetic analysis demonstrates that p‐TCNQ is a more surface‐controlled electrode process than TCNQ and offers much higher ionic diffusivity than the latter at various temperatures. Molecular dynamics simulation validates that the existence of impurity increases the absorption energy of TCNQ in a TCNQ//Zn system that is unfavorable to Zn migration. Comprehensive analysis, including ex situ X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, Raman, and electron spin‐resonance spectroscopy characterization confirm the high reversibility of transformation between C≡N and −C═N groups in p‐TCNQ. This work provides a simple, environmentally friendly strategy to fabricate a high‐performance AZIB at low temperatures while offering fundamental chemistry insight into organic electrode performance, thus possessing universal significance.
Clinical protocol selection for alveolar ridge augmentation at sites exhibiting slight, moderate, and severe horizontal ridge deficiencies
Authors: Vargas Sarah M. , Johnson Thomas M. , Pfaff Aaron S. , Bumpers April P. , Wagner Jennah C. , Retrum Joseph K. , Colamarino Aaron N. , Bunting Megan E. , Wilson James P. , McDaniel Carsen R. , Herold Robert W. , Stancoven Brian W. , Lincicum Adam R.
Published: February 2023

Focused clinical question

What factors identify the optimal bone augmentation techniques for managing slight, moderate, and severe horizontal alveolar ridge deficiency (ARD) at dental implant sites?

Horizontal ARD is a concern at a high proportion of sites receiving dental implants, and clinicians have developed a variety of surgical procedures to address such defects. In a particular case, selection of the optimal treatment may depend predominantly on defect severity, location (anterior versus posterior), and configuration (contained versus noncontained). This report provides a framework for selecting an augmentation method when presented with a slight, moderate, or severe horizontal ARD at a site requiring dental implant placement.

Conclusion

Multiple treatment options are available for planned implant sites exhibiting horizontal ARD; severe posterior and slight anterior defects intuitively call for different approaches. Although rigid guidelines for selecting the optimal augmentation method do not exist, some techniques are poorly suited for esthetically demanding sites. A framework considering defect severity, location, and configuration may help guide clinical decisions on this topic.
Photocatalytic Proximity Labeling for Profiling the Subcellular Organization of Biomolecules
Authors: Fang Yuxin , Zou Peng
Published: February 2023

Investigating the subcellular organization of biomolecules is important for understanding their biological functions. Over the past decade, proximity‐dependent labeling methods have emerged as powerful tools for mapping biomolecules in their native context. These methods often capitalize on the in‐situ generation of highly reactive intermediates for covalently tagging biomolecules located within nanometers to sub‐micrometers of the source of labeling. Among these, photocatalytic proximity labeling methods achieve precise spatial and temporal control of labeling with visible light illumination. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and applications of existing photocatalytic proximity labeling methods and discuss future opportunities for improving the method.
TAFRO syndrome was effectively treated with an inexpensive novel scheme: A case report
Authors: Meng Shan , Liu Hailing , Zhang Wanggang , He Aili , Sun Honghong , Zhang Ru , Chen Xiaoli , Chen Yinxia
Published: February 2023

A man diagnosed as TAFRO syndrome was successfully responded to a novel immunosuppressive regimen containing methylprednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil. Blood cells firstly recovered, followed by the general situation and complete recover 1 month later, highlighting the danger of TAFRO syndrome and the importance of immunosuppressive agents in reversing pathological course.
Seizures in activating calcium‐sensing receptor antibodies positive autoimmune hypoparathyroidism and preponderance of steroids therapy: A case report
Authors: Khan Qaisar Ali , Shahi Ameena , Shahi Alishba , Baqi Abdul , Tango Tamara , Verma Ravina , Hamid Asrah Abdul , Saravanan Priyadharshini , Alam Mazhar , Shinwari Ismail Khan , Ul Ain Hoor
Published: February 2023

A 55‐year‐old female patient presented with generalized tonic–clonic seizures. Laboratory evaluation revealed low calcium (4.9 mg/dl), low PTH (0.9 pg/ml), and positive activating CaSR antibodies. The condition was diagnosed as autoimmune hypoparathyroidism. Calcium and vitamin D supplements did not correct the patient's hypocalcemia. The addition of prednisone to vitamin supplements showed a better response and corrected the hypocalcemia. The patient remained in seizure‐free for one year.
Sarcoidosis and its oral manifestations: A case report study
Authors: Shahabinejad Mehdi , Delavarian Zahra , Zamani Toktam , Fallah Toosi Fatemeh
Published: February 2023

A patient was referred to the oral medicine department with redness and swelling of the lips and cheek, and an intra‐oral lesion. Biopsy and laboratory investigations suggested a diagnosis of sarcoidosis. In this study we discuss oral findings associated with sarcoidosis.
A case of post‐COVID‐19 myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome characterized by post‐exertional malaise and low serum acylcarnitine level
Authors: Jinushi Ryuhei , Nishiguchi Sho , Masuda Sakue , Sasaki Akiko , Koizumi Kazuya , Ryozawa Shomei
Published: February 2023

COVID‐19 afflicts patients with acute symptoms and longer term sequelae. One of the sequelae is myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), which is often difficult to diagnose, having no established tests. In this article, we synthesize information from literature reviews on patients with ME/CFS that developed after recovery from COVID‐19.
Palliative radiation therapy for bleeding from gastric cancer: A case series of seven patients
Authors: Ota Norichika , Adachi Akiko , Oike Takahiro , Hisatake Yuta , Higashizawa Toshihiko , Teramoto Ken , Okamura Yukishige , Ohno Tatsuya
Published: February 2023

The hemostatic effect of palliative radiation therapy (RT) for unresectable gastric cancer is unclear. We performed palliative RT (20 Gy in 5 fractions or 30 Gy in 10 fractions) in 7 consecutive patients with bleeding. The number of blood transfusions decreased significantly post‐RT, supporting the hemostatic effect of palliative RT.
Coinage Metal Bis(amidinate) Complexes as Building Blocks for Self‐Assembled One‐Dimensional Coordination Polymers
Authors: Uhlmann Cedric , Feuerstein Thomas J. , Gamer Michael T. , Roesky Peter W.
Published: February 2023

The pyridyl functionalized amidinate [{PyC≡CC(NDipp)2}Li(thf)2]n was used to synthesize a series of bis‐amidinate complexes [{PyC≡CC(NDipp)2}2M2] (M=Cu, Ag, Au) with fully supported metallophilic interactions. These metalloligands were then used as building blocks for the synthesis of one‐dimensional heterobimetallic coordination polymers using Zn(hfac)2 (hfac=hexaflouroacetylacetonate) for self‐assembly. Interestingly, the three coordination polymers [{PyC≡CC(NDipp)2}2M2][Zn(hfac)2] (M=Cu, Ag, Au), exhibit a zig zag shape in the solid state. To achieve linear coordination geometry other connectors such as M’(acac) (M’=Ni, Co) (acac=acetylacetonate) were investigated. The thus obtained compounds [{PyC≡CC(NDipp)2}2Cu2][M’(acac)2] (M’=Ni, Co) are indeed linear heterobimetallic coordination polymers featuring a metalloligand backbone with fully supported metallophilic interactions.
Polyolefin microstructural deconvolution methods: The good, the bad, and the ugly
Authors: Soares João B. P.
Published: February 2023

The deconvolution of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polyolefins into Schultz–Flory most probable distributions has become the standard method to identify the number of site types on multiple‐site‐type olefin polymerization catalysts such as Ziegler–Natta, Phillips, and some supported metallocenes. This method has been used to quantify the effect of polymerization conditions and catalyst formulations on polyolefin MWD and olefin polymerization kinetics. Related methods have also been developed to deconvolute other polyolefin microstructure features, such as the chemical composition and comonomer sequence length distributions. In this paper, I explain the premises behind these deconvolution models and review the publications in this area, highlighting the advantages, disadvantages, and misuses of these methods. I also propose a revised formulation on how to model the MWD of polyolefins made with multiple‐site‐type catalysts using ratio distributions for propagation and chain transfer frequencies. The main objective of this overview article is to highlight the strengths, but also show the pitfalls, of polyolefin microstructure deconvolution methods.
Overall survival associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors in patients with HR+/HER2– metastatic breast cancer in the United States: A SEER‐Medicare population‐based study
Authors: Goyal Ravi K. , Chen Hua , Abughosh Susan M. , Holmes Holly M. , Candrilli Sean D. , Johnson Michael L.
Published: February 2023

Background

Evidence on overall survival (OS) with cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors is generally limited to data from clinical trials or a few observational studies with limited generalizability to Medicare population. The aim of this study was to determine OS benefits associated with CDK4/6 inhibitors in older Medicare patients with hormone receptor (HR)–positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 overexpressing (HER2–) metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Methods

In a retrospective cohort design, female patients aged ≥65 years with diagnosis of HR+/HER2– MBC from 2015 to 2017 who initiated first‐line systemic therapy within 12 months of MBC diagnosis were selected from the Survey Epidemiology and End Results‐Medicare database. The effect of treatment type (endocrine therapy [ET]+CDK4/6 inhibitor vs. ET alone) on OS was analyzed using Kaplan–Meier methods and multivariable Cox regression models. Adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and 95% CIs were estimated.

Results

A total of 630 eligible patients were identified (169 patients treated with ET+CDK4/6 inhibitor and 461 patients treated with ET alone). In the Kaplan–Meier analysis, OS rate at 3 years after first‐line treatment initiation was 73.0% for ET+CDK4/6 inhibitor versus 49.1% for ET alone (log‐rank p < .0001). In Cox regression analysis, first‐line ET+CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy was associated with 41% lower rate of mortality versus ET alone (aHR, 0.590; 95% CI, 0.423–0.823).

Conclusions

The findings of this real‐world study demonstrate significant OS benefit associated with ET+CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy over ET alone in an older Medicare population of patients with HR+/HER2– MBC, largely consistent with the evidence from clinical trials.
Insights into Nitrogen‐doped Carbon for Oxygen Reduction: The Role of Graphitic and Pyridinic Nitrogen Species
Authors: Wang Dongliang , Hu Jingping , Wei Junjie , Liu Xianli , Hou Huijie
Published: February 2023

Nitrogen‐doped carbons (N/Cs) manifest good catalytic performance for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for fuel cell systems. However, to date, controversies remain on the role of active sites in N/Cs. In the present study, ORR test was conducted on three N/Cs in O2‐saturated 0.1 M KOH aqueous solution, where apparent linear correlation between graphitic N contents and ORR activity was observed. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that graphitic N doping is energetically more favorable than that of pyridinic N doping for ORR and the pyridinic N leads to more preferential with 2 e– ORR pathway. These results reveal that graphitic N plays a key role in N/Cs mediated ORR activity. This work lays a solid foundation on identifying the active sites in heteroatom‐doped carbons and can be exploited for rational design and engineering of effective carbon‐based ORR catalysts.
Theoretical Study on Zigzag Boron Nitride Nanowires
Authors: Li Feng‐Yin , Zhang Jia‐Qi , Zhang Hong‐Xing , Wang Jian , Jia Ran
Published: February 2023

In this work, two kinds of BN‐nanowires (BNnws): a‐BNnw and d‐BNnw, respectively composed of azo (N−N) and diboron (B−B) bonds, are proposed with the aid of the first‐principles simulations. Their structural stabilities are carefully verified from the energetics, lattice dynamics, and thermodynamic perspectives. Similar to the other common boron nitride polymorph, the a‐BNnw and d‐BNnw are semiconductors with relatively wide band gaps of 3.256 and 4.631 eV at the HSE06 level, respectively. The corresponding projected DOS patterns point out that their band edges are composed of different atomic species, which can help with the separation of their excitons. The band gaps can be manipulated monotonically by axial strains within the elastic ranges. The major charge carriers are electron holes. Significantly, a‐BNnw possesses very high carrier mobilities around 0.44×104 cm2 V−1 s−1.
CO2 Reduction Mechanism on the Cu2O(110) Surface: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Chen Haihang , Fan Ting , Ji Yongfei
Published: February 2023

Cu2O is an attractive catalyst for the selective reduction of CO2 to methanol. However, the mechanism of the reaction and the role of the Cu species in different oxidation states are not well understood yet. In this work, by first‐principles calculations, we investigate the mechanism of the reaction on the Cu2O(110) surface, which is the most selective for methanol, in different degrees of reduction: ideal surface, slightly reduced surface (SRS), and partially reduced surface (PRS). The most favorable reaction pathways on the three surfaces were identified. We found that Cu(I) on the ideal surface is not capable of chemisorbing CO2, but surface oxygen serves as the active site which selectively converts CO2 to CH3OH with a limiting potential of −0.77 V. The Cu(0) on the SRS and PRS promotes the adsorption and reduction of CO2, while the removal of the residue O* becomes potential/rate limiting with a more negative limiting potential than the ideal surface. The SRS is selective to methanol while the PRS becomes selective to methane. The result suggests that the key to high methanol selectivity is to avoid the reduction of Cu(I), which provides a new strategy for the design of more efficient catalysts for selective CO2 reduction to methanol.
Plastome evolution and phylogeny of the tribe Ruteae (Rutaceae)
Authors: Liu Qiaoyun , Gao Yongwei , Dong Wenpan , Zhao Liangcheng
Published: February 2023

Rutaceae is a large family, and the genus‐level classification in the subfamilies or tribes of this family is not unified based on different taxonomic treatments. Until now, phylogenetic relationships of some genera in traditional tribe Ruteae have not been clearly resolved. In this study, seven new complete plastomes of this tribe were sequenced, and a comparative analysis was performed to investigate their plastome characteristics and evolution. In addition, we inferred the phylogenetic relationships of Ruteae based on complete plastome and nuclear ITS data. All plastomes exhibited a typical quadripartite structure and were relatively conserved in their structure and gene arrangement. Their genome sizes ranged from 154,656 bp to 160,677 bp, and the size variation was found to be associated with differences in IR expansion and gene loss. A total of 112 to 114 genes were identified in the genomes, including 78 to 79 protein‐coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 2 pseudogenes. Sequence divergence analysis indicated that non‐coding regions exhibited a higher percentage of variable characters, and nine non‐coding and six coding regions were identified as divergent hotspots. Phylogenetic results based on different datasets showed that this tribe was divided into three reciprocally exclusive groups. The phylogenetic analyses between plastome and nuclear ITS data were partly incongruent with each other. This study provides new insights into plastome evolution of Ruteae as well as Rutaceae. The availability of these plastomes provides useful genomic resources for molecular DNA barcodes and phylogenetically informative markers and deepens our understanding of the phylogeny in Ruteae.
Effect of platinum buffer layer on the fabrication process of flexible ferroelectric epitaxial thin films
Authors: Mizuyama Tomofumi , Nishikawa Hiroaki
Published: February 2023

Epitaxial thin films of a ferroelectric perovskite‐type oxide grown on single‐crystalline SrTiO3 (100) were transferred onto a flexible printed circuit (FPC). In the case that the thin films were directly adhered onto FPC using a copper foil double‐coated conductive adhesive tape (Cu double‐sided tape), serious cracking and exfoliation occurred during the transfer process. To avoid these damages, we have tried to insert a metal buffer layer with excellent ductility between the ferroelectric oxide thin film and the Cu double‐sided tape. The platinum buffer layer was found to be appropriate to establish a crack‐ and exfoliation‐free transfer process.
Static and Dynamic Magnetic Properties of a Co(II)‐Complex with N2O2Donor Set – A Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Arumugam Selvakumar , Schwarz Björn , Ehrenberg Helmut , Mondal Kartik Chandra
Published: February 2023

A representative Co(II) based single ion magnet (SIM) with N2O2donor set and distorted pseudo‐tetrahedral geometry has been synthesized and characterized to study the atomic and electronic structure. DC magnetometry results have been evaluated by means of a phenomenological Hamiltonian approach regarding zero field splitting (ZFS) parameters and compared with results from ab‐initio multi‐reference CASSCF (complete active space self‐consistent field) calculations and qualitative ligand field theory (AILFT). Profound investigation of spin‐lattice relaxation with the variation of temperature (from 1.8 to about 8 K) and magnetic field (at 14 different fields from zero up to 1 T) have been performed based on AC magnetometry. Under an applied dc magnetic field, spin‐lattice relaxation occurs via a direct process withT2temperature dependence due to limited heat transfer at very low temperature and above 5 K relaxation by an Orbach process with an energy barrier of≈80 K dominates.
Co(Salox)‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters
Authors: Pugliese Giacomo , Vaghi Francesco , Lonardi Giovanni , Licini Giulia , Orlandi Manuel
Published: February 2023

Co‐Salox complexes are suitable catalysts for the reduction of prochiral α,β‐unsaturated esters. These ligands can be prepared in a single step from available and inexpensive materials, thus representing an easily accessible alternative to previously reported Co‐catalysts. NaBH4 is employed as reducing agent in the presence of EtOH as proton source, leading to the stereoselective formation of chiral esters, amides, and nitriles in up to 99 % yield and 96.5 : 3.5 er. The concentration of the reductant counter cation (Na+) and the solvent polarity have been shown to correlate with reactivity and enantioselectivity, suggesting that a relatively complex mechanistic manifold is in place.
Photo‐Driven Direct C−H Arylation of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐Ones with Aryltriazenes under Catalyst‐Free and Ambient Conditions
Authors: Wang Bin , Feng Yun , Zhang Yuepan , Wang Shoucai , Zhou Xinlei , Chen Ziren , Xia Yu , Jin Weiwei , Iqbal Azhar , Liu Chenjiang , Zhang Yonghong
Published: February 2023

A photo‐induced direct arylation of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with aryltriazenes under catalyst‐free and ambient conditions was developed. The synthetic importance of this methodology was showcased by the simple operation, good functional group tolerance, and gram‐scale synthesis.
Metal‐Free, Photoredox‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones and Benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2‐c]quinazolines Using Trialkylamines as Alkyl Synthon
Authors: Arumugam Ajithkumar , Palani Pushbaraj , Anandan Mageshwari , Nutalapati Venkatramaiah , Senadi Gopal Chandru
Published: February 2023

Highly functionalized quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones were synthesized from reactions of N‐aryl‐2‐aminobenzamides with trialkylamines under photocatalytic conditions by using eosin Y (EY) as a catalyst. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions in aqueous acetonitrile and has a broad substrate scope. Mechanistic studies disclosed the electron‐donor nature of the intermediate 2,3‐dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐one (3’) in the photocatalytic cycle to afford the 2,3‐disubstituted‐quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones (3). This methodology has been extended to synthesize benzo [4,5] imidazole[1,2‐c] quinazolines and 3 aa on a large scale. Furthermore, the synthesis of potent central nervous system depressant (CNS) drug molecules such as methaqualone (3 la) and mecloqualone (3 pa) was also achieved successfully.
Figure‐of‐Merit Compatibility of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Noviyanti Atiek Rostika , Malik Yoga Trianzar , Zain Sharifuddin Md , Risdiana
Published: February 2023

Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is one of the most efficient energy converters which can produce electricity from reactions of gaseous chemicals. However, a high operating temperature (T
o) of 800–1200 °C is required to achieve the highest peak performance. Such high T
o triggers miscellaneous problems, that is, mechanical disintegration with further degradation of its electrical performance for a long‐term application. Despite accomplishing various approaches for the improvement of SOFC performance, the standard level to determine SOFC performance has never been achieved. To date, a quantitative analysis is only pinpointing the power output density (P
out). The SOFC cannot be simply determined by a mere P since other parameters that is chemical stability between SOFC components, mismatch of thermal expansion coefficient, and area‐specific resistance also contribute to the mechanical durability and electrochemical stability of the SOFC. Hence, herein, a novel idea is proposed to characterize the overall performance of SOFC through the figure‐of‐merit compatibility (χ
cp) of SOFC cells. The χ
cp can reflect a level of SOFC performance, thus it can be utilized for future improvements.
Nimble adaptation: Tailoring monitoring, evaluation, and learning methods to provide actionable data in complex environments
Authors: Serpe Lauren , Ingram Mason , Byom Kate
Published: February 2023

This chapter examines good practices in implementing effective Monitoring, Evaluation, and Learning (MEL) systems within complex international development Democracy, Human Rights, and Governance (DRG) programs, which are characterized by challenges of non‐linearity, limited evidence of theories of change, and contextual and politically contingent nature of outcomes. The chapter presents three cases of MEL systems in complex projects implemented by Pact across distinct and diverse operating contexts – Zimbabwe, Cambodia, and Somalia – to illustrate those projects’ MEL approaches that enabled continuous adaptation. The authors analyze the cases to respond to two questions: (1) What are the key elements of effective adaptive management‐focused MEL systems in complex environments? (2) What is practical guidance for designing and enabling complexity‐responsive and effective adaptive management‐focused MEL systems? The case studies illustrate three key elements: (1) Information gathering that closely links context, research, and performance data; (2) Systems for reflection that offer scheduled learning moments of varying frequency and intensity, as well as multiple feedback mechanisms; and (3) Enabling structures that promote adaptive mindsets and attitudes within project teams.
Meta‐learning how to forecast time series
Authors: Talagala Thiyanga S. , Hyndman Rob J. , Athanasopoulos George
Published: February 2023

Features of time series are useful in identifying suitable models for forecasting. We present a general framework, labelled Feature‐based FORecast Model Selection (FFORMS), which selects forecast models based on features calculated from each time series. The FFORMS framework builds a mapping that relates the features of a time series to the “best” forecast model using a classification algorithm such as a random forest. The framework is evaluated using time series from the M‐forecasting competitions and is shown to yield forecasts that are almost as accurate as state‐of‐the‐art methods but are much faster to compute. We use model‐agnostic machine learning interpretability methods to explore the results and to study what types of time series are best suited to each forecasting model.
Predicting the accuracy of nanofluid heat transfer coefficient's computational fluid dynamics simulations using neural networks
Authors: Onyiriuka Ekene Jude
Published: February 2023

This research presents a neural network algorithm to identify the best modeling and simulation methods and assumptions for the most widespread nanofluid combinations. The neural network algorithm is trained using data from earlier nanofluid experiments. A multilayer perceptron with one hidden layer was employed in the investigation. The neural network algorithm and data set were created using the Python Keras module to forecast the average percentage error in the heat transfer coefficient of nanofluid models. Integer encoding was used to encode category variables. A total of 200 trials of different neural networks were taken into consideration. The worst‐case error bound for the chosen architecture was then calculated after 100 runs. Among the eight models examined were the single‐phase, discrete‐phase, Eulerian, mixture, the mixed model of discrete and mixture phases, fluid volume, dispersion, and Buongiorno's model. We discover that a broad range of nanofluid configurations is accurately covered by the dispersion, Buongiorno, and discrete‐phase models. They were accurate for particle sizes (10–100 nm), Reynolds numbers (100–15,000), and volume fractions (2%–3.5%). The accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and R2 performance metrics. The algorithm's R2 value was 0.80, the MAE was 0.77, and the RMSE was 2.6.
Exosomes: Mediators in microenvironment of colorectal cancer
Authors: Yao Jiali , Chen Yingrui , Lin Zhijie
Published: February 2023

Tumor microenvironment, the soil where tumor thrives, plays a critical role in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Various cell signaling molecules in the environment promote tumor angiogenesis, immune tolerance and facilitate immune escape. Exosomes, as messengers between tumor and host cells, are considered key mediators involved in the tumor‐accelerating environment. However, the exosome‐mediated communication networks in the CRC microenvironment are still largely unclear. In this review, we summarized the relationship between TME and CRC based on recent literature. Then, we revealed the unique impacts and signal molecules of exosomes on account of their regulatory role in the flora, hypoxia, inflammatory and immunological microenvironment of CRC. Finally, we summarized the therapeutically effective of exosomes in CRC microenvironment and discussed their current status and prospects, aiming to provide new molecular targets and a theoretical basis for the CRC treatment.
Data fusion‐driven difference analysis of farming culture between China and Japan
Authors: Lei Xiaoyun
Published: February 2023

The difference in farming culture is the basis for the exchange, reference, and integration of agricultural culture. We propose a method based on data fusion and extraction method for analyzing differences in farming culture between China and Japan in this paper. Specifically, we designed a farming culture difference analysis model based on deep learning technology and improved algorithm. We combined deep neural network and particle swarm algorithm to design and improve the analysis model of farming culture difference. Firstly, we introduce in detail the designed analysis model based on deep learning, namely BP neural network. Secondly, we adopt the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) to improve and upgrade the defects of the BP neural network model. The experimental and comparative analysis of the results shows the characteristics of China's vast land and abundant resources and the characteristics of Japan, an island country with limited cultivated land.
An individualized approach to teaching adults with autism to successfully navigate job interviews via remote instruction
Authors: Kahng SungWoo , Butler Courtney , Kronfli Faris R. , Zaki‐Scarpa Christeen , Boragi Brianna , Scott Joseph
Published: February 2023

Adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience challenges securing employment, which may partially explain overall underemployment or unemployment in this population. One of the first steps to obtaining employment is participating in a job interview. However, social communication deficits may interfere with an individual with ASD's participation in a job interview. The current study evaluated the use of behavioral skills training delivered via remote instruction to teach interview skills to seven adults with ASD. Results showed overall improvement during interviews as well as posttraining tests with a career development expert. These data suggest that an individualized approach to teaching may be an effective strategy to help adults with ASD successfully navigate job interviews.
The influences of PEG‐functionalized graphdiyne on cell growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells
Authors: Li Yiming , Huang Ziqing , Huang Xiaoqiong , Xu Ruogu , He Yi , Deng Feilong , Chen Guanhui
Published: February 2023

Guided bone regeneration (GBR) is a frequently used technique for patients with insufficient alveolar bone. The discovery of bone substitutes that can enhance osteogenesis is critical for GBR. Graphdiyne (GDY), a newly discovered carbon‐based nanomaterial, has been recognized as the most stable allotrope of acetylene carbon and is anticipated to be able to promote osteogenesis. Whereas it still remains unknown whether it could enhance osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In this study, GDY was modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and the influences of GDY‐PEG at different concentrations on BMSCs cell growth and osteogenic differentiation were researched for the first time. In this study, we found that GDY‐PEG at low concentration possessed premium bio‐compatibility and revealed evident facilitation of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. The cell growth and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs treated with GDY‐PEG were dose‐dependent. GDY‐PEG at 1 μg/mL demonstrated the optimal promoting effects of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the regulating effect of BMSCs osteogenic differentiation by GDY‐PEG might be associated with the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway. In all, the present study indicated a novel application of GDY in promoting bone tissue regeneration, providing a novel biomaterial for bone augmentation in clinics.
Response effort and resurgence
Authors: Walter Kimberly M. , Dickson Chata A.
Published: February 2023

This study provides an initial translational examination of response effort and resurgence. Eleven typically developing adults and five adolescents with autism served as participants across two experiments. Participants received points for touching moving stimuli on a computer screen. The resurgence evaluation consisted of three phases: establishment wherein R1 was reinforced, elimination wherein R1 was placed on extinction while R2 was reinforced, and extinction wherein R1 and R2 no longer resulted in reinforcement. Rate of R1 during extinction was compared across three conditions: intermediate, easy, and difficult. Disparity in effort was created by manipulations of the size and speed of objects that moved about on a computer screen. In Experiment 2, control stimuli were added to the experimental arrangement. Across the two experiments, the magnitude of resurgence was greater when R1 was easy. In Experiment 2, both R1 and control responding were greater in the extinction phase than in the elimination phase in all conditions with all participants. The present study supports the hypothesis that response effort affects resurgence and that less effortful responses are likely to recur with greater magnitude under conditions that produce resurgence than are their more effortful counterparts.