bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dentales Trauma und Kieferorthopädie – individualisierter Planung der
Torqueübertragung zur Einstellung von verlagerten Frontzähnen
Authors: Wiessner Johanna , Trautmann Johanna , Meyer-Marcotty Philipp
Published: June 2024

Hintergrund Das dentale Trauma stellt weltweit eine der häufigsten
Verletzungen dar, wobei die Unfallzahlen mit Zahnverletzungen weiter ansteigen.
Während in der Prävention von dentalen Frontzahntraumata die Kieferorthopädie
schon eine klare evidenzbasierte und leitlinienkonforme Rolle spielt, wird sie
nach bereits stattgefundenen Zahnunfällen als Therapieoption noch häufig
unterschätzt.

Fallvorstellung Die 12-jährige Patientin stellte sich in der Poliklinik
für Kieferorthopädie sechs Wochen nach einem Sturz auf die Frontzähne mit einer
palatinalen Luxationsverletzung des Zahnes 11 unter Einbruch der bukkalen
Knochenlamelle vor. Diese wurde mittels einer individualisierten
Multi-Bracket-Apparatur unter Rehabilitation des Zahnbogens und der Okklusion
behandelt.

Schlussfolgerung Der Fall konnte unter Anwendung einer individualisierten
Biomechanik erfolgreich behandelt werden. Dies hebt hervor, dass die
Kieferorthopädie einen wesentlichen Baustein in der interdisziplinären
Behandlung nach dentalen Zahntraumata darstellen kann und stets in Erwägung
gezogen werden sollte.
Interdisziplinäre Therapie eines erwachsenen Patienten mit Klasse
II/2 und retralem Zwangsbiss
Authors: Hitti Mirette , Pölzl Magdalena , Erbe Christina
Published: June 2024

Die craniomandibuläre Dysfunktion ist die häufigste chronische Schmerzerkrankung
im Kiefer- Gesichtsbereich. Die Therapie erfordert einen interdisziplinären
Ansatz. Diese Fallvorstellung zeigt das Behandlungskonzept eines retralen
Zwangsbisses bei einer Klasse II/2 mit Herbst-, Teil-Multibracketapparatur und
Alignern.
Schwangere erzählen – ein reflexives Erkundungsprojekt als Initiation
ins Studium der Hebammenwissenschaft
Authors: Ensel Angelica , Mahne Greta
Published: June 2024

Im Erkundungsprojekt „Schwangere erzählen – von Schwangeren lernen“ an der HAW Hamburg begleiten Studierende der Hebammenwissenschaft im 1. und 2. Semester Frauen als
empathisch Zuhörende. Von der Schwangerschaft bis acht Wochen nach der Geburt stehen die
angehenden Hebammen in kontinuierlichem Austausch mit der ihnen vermittelten Frau. Die
Begegnungen vermitteln ihnen anschaulich das Spektrum der physiologischen Schwangerschaft. Die Reflexion dieser Erfahrungen und die intensive Auseinandersetzung mit ihrer
Hebammenrolle fördert die Ausbildung ihrer professionellen Identität. Die Autorinnen
beschreiben dies aus Perspektive der Projektleitung und der Studierenden.
Smaller Biceps Femoris Aponeurosis Size in Legs with a History of
Hamstring Strain Injury
Authors: Balshaw Thomas G. , McDermott Emmet J. , Massey Garry J , Hartley Chris , Kong Pui Wah , Maden-Wilkinson Tom , Folland Jonathan
Published: June 2024

Biceps femoris long head (BFLH) aponeurosis size was compared between
legs with and without prior hamstring strain injury (HSI) using two approaches:
within-group (injured vs. uninjured legs of previous unilateral HSI athletes)
and between-group (previously injured legs of HSI athletes vs. legs of No Prior
HSI athletes). MRI scans were performed on currently healthy, competitive male
athletes with Prior HSI history (n=23;≥1 verified BFLH injury;
including a sub-group with unilateral HSI history; most recent HSI 1.6±1.2 years
ago) and pair-matched athletes with No Prior HSI history (n=23).
Anonymized axial images were manually segmented to quantify BFLH
aponeurosis and muscle size. Prior unilateral HSI athletes’ BFLH
aponeurosis maximum width, aponeurosis area, and aponeurosis:muscle area ratio
were 14.0–19.6% smaller in previously injured vs. contralateral uninjured legs
(paired t-test, 0.008≤P≤0.044). BFLH aponeurosis maximum width and
area were also 9.4–16.5% smaller in previously injured legs (n=28) from
Prior HSI athletes vs. legs (n=46) of No Prior HSI athletes (unpaired
t-test, 0.001≤P≤0.044). BFLH aponeurosis size was smaller in legs
with prior HSI vs. those without prior HSI. These findings suggest
BFLH aponeurosis size, especially maximum width, could be a
potential cause or consequence of HSI, with prospective evidence needed to
support or refute these possibilities.
Exercise Improves Respiratory Function, Body Fluid and Nitric Oxide
in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Neves Rodrigo Vanerson Passos , Corrêa Hugo Luca , Reis Andrea Lucena , Andrade Rosangela Vieira , Araújo Thais Branquinho , Santos Rafael Lavarini , Oliveira Fernanda Félix Santos , Moraes Araújo Guilherme Eduardo Barbosa , Marra André Victor Gulyas , Baracho Thaís Amaral , Martins Taynah Oliveira , Barbosa Jessica Mycaelle da Silva , Garcia Mariana Neiva , Miller Nicole Messenberg Guimarães , Deus Lysleine Alves , Rosa Thiago dos Santos
Published: June 2024

Emerging evidence suggests that resistance training (RT) can mitigate respiratory
muscle weakness in hemodialysis (HD) patients. However, the underlying
mechanisms responsible for these beneficial effects remain unclear. The purpose
of this study was to assess the impact of periodized RT on respiratory muscle
strength and its relationship with handgrip strength (HGS), fat-free mass (FFM),
nitric oxide (NO), and interdialytic weight gain (IWG) in HD patients.
Thirty-three patients were randomly assigned to two groups: control (CTL; n=18)
and RT (n=15). The RT group did not perform any additional exercise training
specific to the respiratory tract. Maximal inspiratory (MIP) and expiratory
(MEP) pressures, peak expiratory flow (PEF), HGS, FFM, NO, and IWG were measured
before and after the intervention period. Participants in the RT group engaged
in a 24-week RT program, three times per week. RT resulted in significant
improvements in MIP, MEP, PEF, as well as enhancements in HGS, FFM, NO, and IWG
(p<0.05). Notably, inverse correlations were observed between MIP (r=−0.37,
p=0.03) and PEF (r=−0.4, p=0.02) with IWG. Thus, the amelioration of HGS and FFM
coincided with a reduction in respiratory muscle weakness among HD patients.
Decreased IWG and increased circulating NO are plausible mechanisms contributing
to these improvements.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Mitochondria-Targeting Fluorescent Phenothiazine Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents
Authors: Ning Xiaojun , Chai Fangyuan , Jiang Dan , Du Linli , Gao Tao , Chen Tao , Yan Ke , Min Shuang , Guo Lijian , Jia Aiting , Zhang Lu
Published: June 2024

In this research, we synthesized a novel mitochondrial-targeted antitumor lead compound named phenolthiazide-4C-Pvi (PCP) by modifying a phenothiazine with 3-(2-pyridin-4-ylvinyl)-1H-indole (Pvi) as a mitochondrial-targeted fluorescent cargo. Our preliminary findings indicated that PCP exhibits remarkable cell imaging and mitochondrial localization ability, and can induce apoptosis by influencing the membrane potential and reactive oxygen species levels in mitochondria. Compared with phenothiazines, PCP has an excellent ability to target the mitochondria of cancer cells, and its selectivity and toxicity to tumor cells are stronger than those toward normal cells. These results demonstrated that PCP possesses strong antitumor effects with excellent selectivity, making it a promising candidate as a mitochondrial-targeted antitumor drug.
A Neurosurgical Readmissions Reduction Program in an Academic Hospital Leveraging Machine Learning, Workflow Analysis, and Simulation
Authors: Wu Tzu-Chun , Kim Abraham , Tsai Ching-Tzu , Gao Andy , Ghuman Taran , Paul Anne , Castillo Alexandra , Cheng Joseph , Adogwa Owoicho , Ngwenya Laura B. , Foreman Brandon , Wu Danny T.Y.
Published: June 2024

Background Predicting 30-day hospital readmissions is crucial for improving patient outcomes, optimizing resource allocation, and achieving financial savings. Existing studies reporting the development of machine learning (ML) models predictive of neurosurgical readmissions do not report factors related to clinical implementation.

Objectives Train individual predictive models with good performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve or AUROC > 0.8), identify potential interventions through semi-structured interviews, and demonstrate estimated clinical and financial impact of these models.

Methods Electronic health records were utilized with five ML methodologies: gradient boosting, decision tree, random forest, ridge logistic regression, and linear support vector machine. Variables of interest were determined by domain experts and literature. The dataset was split divided 80% for training and validation and 20% for testing randomly. Clinical workflow analysis was conducted using semi-structured interviews to identify possible intervention points. Calibrated agent-based models (ABMs), based on a previous study with interventions, were applied to simulate reductions of the 30-day readmission rate and financial costs.

Results The dataset covered 12,334 neurosurgical intensive care unit (NSICU) admissions (11,029 patients); 1,903 spine surgery admissions (1,641 patients), and 2,208 traumatic brain injury (TBI) admissions (2,185 patients), with readmission rate of 13.13, 13.93, and 23.73%, respectively. The random forest model for NSICU achieved best performance with an AUROC score of 0.89, capturing potential patients effectively. Six interventions were identified through 12 semi-structured interviews targeting preoperative, inpatient stay, discharge phases, and follow-up phases. Calibrated ABMs simulated median readmission reduction rates and resulted in 13.13 to 10.12% (NSICU), 13.90 to 10.98% (spine surgery), and 23.64 to 21.20% (TBI). Approximately $1,300,614.28 in saving resulted from potential interventions.

Conclusion This study reports the successful development and simulation of an ML-based approach for predicting and reducing 30-day hospital readmissions in neurosurgery. The intervention shows feasibility in improving patient outcomes and reducing financial losses.
PI-RADS 2.1: A Practical Overview
Authors: Sundaram A Dayala
Published: June 2024

The Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) is an essential tool for standardizing the interpretation of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mp-MRI) of the prostate for detecting prostate cancer. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the latest version, PI-RADS 2.1, with clear pictures to guide radiologists in its practical application for improved diagnostic accuracy. The article explores the key modifications, emphasizing the changes in scoring criteria and their impact on clinical decision-making. It discusses the importance of mp-MRI sequences, such as T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, and clarifies their significance in the PI-RADS 2.1 framework. The article highlights practical insights to help radiologists integrate this updated system into their day-to-day practice, promoting consistency and reliability in reporting.
The OBR and the fragilities, complexities and promise of technocratic economic governance
Authors: Clift Ben
Published: June 2024

This contribution explores how technocratic economic governance rests on underlying principles of political economy—normatively informed judgements about how the economy and policy operate. It shines light on how fiscal councils such as the OBR can open up (or close down) policy possibilities through the way they narrate economic crises, the trajectory of the economy and the fiscal stance. Noting the epistemic limits of technocracy, it shows how fiscal forecasting is based on a presumed knowability and legibility of the economy and the fiscal stance looking years or decades ahead—a questionable and problematic presumption. It highlights increasing tensions between expert oversight and populist and ‘post truth’ politics within Britain’s economic governance regime since Brexit. The Office provides oversight, and a form of accountability for government policy, and is itself accountable to parliament. Nevertheless, many of its key and consequential assumptions are obscured from democratic debate and oversight. The Office, and UK economic governance, would benefit from more robust mechanisms of democratic engagement and deliberation. Under-developed democratic accountability is a source of crucial fragility for technocratic economic governance. The piece ends by exploring the scope of OBR fiscal assessment of climate change and its costs—underlining the ‘politics of economic method’ and how subterranean methodological techniques in putting OBR economic ideas into practice can be of first-order political and policy significance. They can shape policy possibilities for tackling climate change for decades to come.
AI and Warfare: A Rational Choice Approach
Authors: Basuchoudhary Atin
Published: June 2024

Artificial intelligence has been a hot topic in recent years, particularly as it relates to warfare and military operations. While rational choice approaches have been widely used to understand the causes of war, there is little literature on using the rational choice methodology to investigate the role of AI in warfare systematically. This paper aims to fill this gap by exploring how rational choice models can inform our understanding of the power and limitations of AI in warfare. This theoretical approach suggests (a) an increase in the demand for moral judgment due to a reduction in the price of AI and (b) that without a human in the AI decision-making loop, peace is impossible; the very nature of AI rules out peace through mutually assured destruction.
Quantum Voting Machine Encoded with Microwave Photons
Authors: Zhang 张 Yu 钰 , Yang 杨 Chuiping 垂平 , Su 苏 Qiping 奇平 , Kang 康 Yihao 逸豪 , Zheng 郑 Wen 文 , Li 李 Shaoxiong 邵雄 , Yu 于 Yang 扬
Published: June 2024

We propose a simple quantum voting machine using microwave photon qubit encoding, based on a setup comprising multiple microwave cavities and a coupled superconducting flux qutrit. This approach primarily relies on a multi-control single-target quantum phase gate. The scheme offers operational simplicity, requiring only a single step, while ensuring verifiability through the measurement of a single qubit phase information to obtain the voting results. It provides voter anonymity, as the voting outcome is solely tied to the total number of affirmative votes. Our quantum voting machine also has scalability in terms of the number of voters. Additionally, the physical realization of the quantum voting machine is general and not limited to circuit quantum electrodynamics. Quantum voting machine can be implemented as long as the multi-control single-phase quantum phase gate is realized in other physical systems. Numerical simulations indicate the feasibility of this quantum voting machine within the current quantum technology.
Dynamics of Ring Dark Solitons and the Following Vortices in Spin-1 Bose–Einstein Condensates
Authors: Zhong 钟 Yu 毓 , Triki Houria , Zhou 周 Qin 勤
Published: June 2024

This work focuses on the evolution behaviors of ring dark solitons (RDSs) and the following vortices after the collapses of RDSs in spin-1 Bose–Einstein condensates. We find that the weighted average of the initial depths of three components determines the number and motion trajectories of vortex dipoles. For the weighted average of the initial depths below the critical depth, two vortex dipoles form and start moving along the horizontal axis. For the weighted average depth above the critical depth, two or four vortex dipoles form, and all start moving along the vertical axis. For the RDS with weighted average depth at exactly the critical point, four vortex dipoles form, half of the vortex dipoles initiate movement vertically, and the other half initiate movement horizontally. Our conclusion is applicable to the two-component system studied in earlier research, indicating its universality.
Electron density in a non-thermal atmospheric discharge in contact with water and the effect of water temperature on plasma-water interactions
Authors: Rooij Olivier van , Ahlborn Olivia , Sobota Ana
Published: June 2024

In this study the electron density of an atmospheric plasma generated between a pin electrode and a water surface is measured by determining the Stark broadening of H
α
and H
β
emission lines. Comparable values for the electron density are achieved using the H
α
and H
β
broadening obtained in separate measurements. During the temporally evolving system, increasing electron densities are measured of

0.5
−
3
⋅

10

15

cm−3 during the plasma treatment of 5–10 min. The effect of the water temperature on plasma-water interaction is investigated by heating the water to

≈

70
∘

C prior to the measurements. This resulted in higher gas temperatures during the discharge up to 2500 K and 4000 K for positively and negatively pulsed discharge, respectively. Furthermore, an earlier increase of electron density and conductivity of the water is measured for the preheated experiments. The humidity of the gas is likely to be an important parameter causing the observed results.
Impact of NaOH solution surface treatment on Al2O3/β-Ga2O3 MOS capacitors
Authors: Fang Paiwen , Liao Zhengyi , Su Danni , Liang Jun , Wang Xinzhong , Pei Yanli
Published: June 2024

A suitable semiconductor surface treatment could improve the gate dielectric quality and reduce the interface states and traps to enhance the performance of metal–oxide semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs). In this paper, β-Ga2O3 surface treatment using NaOH solution prior to atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 was investigated. In comparison with piranha pretreatment, MOSCAPs with NaOH solution surface pretreatment show a larger maximum accumulation capacitance with less frequency dispersion, reduced charges/traps and interface state density D
it. The improvement in MOSCAPs performance could be attributed to the NaOH solution pretreatment induced slight surface etching effect and relatively effective hydroxylation surface. These results suggest that the process optimization of NaOH solution surface pretreatment could lead to further improvement of β-Ga2O3 MOSCAPs and have a potential in application of β-Ga2O3 metal–oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors in the future.
Molecular Docking and ADMET Studies to Investigate Antioxidant Potency of New Amides of Piper retrofractum Vahl by Targeting Keap1 Inhibitor
Authors: Nurhidayah E S , Hidayati D , Habiba R A , Maulidya S
Published: June 2024

Antioxidants are considered important in maintaining the balance of free radicals in the body due to exposure to air pollution. Piper retrofractum Vahl which is a traditional Indonesian medicinal herb which is said to have the characteristics of being an antioxidant in preventing free radicals in the body. Therefore, this research aims to investigate possible interactions between new amides of Piper retrofractum Vahl. and Keap1, one of the key proteins of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, the major system involved in redox regulation. Molecular docking study, using molecular mechanic calculations with Yasara to investigate binding energy and pkCSM to predict ADMET. Results this study showed that dipiperamides F has binding energy of 9.855 kcal/mol (closest to that of the crystallographic ligands), dipiperamides G (9.543 kcal/mol), piperodione (8.448 kcal/mol), (E)-N-cinnamoyl-2-methoxypiperidine (7.560 kcal/mol), (2E, 12E)-pipertride cadienamid (7.084 kcal/mol), N-isobutyl-(2E, 4E, 10Z)-hexadeca-2, 4, 10-trienamide (6.788 kcal/mol), (R)-1-(2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl)-5, 6-dihydropyridin-2(1H)-one (6.524 kcal/mol), 2E, 14Z)-N-isobutyleicosa-2, 14-dienamide (5.116 kcal/mol). Visualization of receptors-ligands complex showed data on hydrogen bonds and no-covalen interactions, including hydrogen bond distances. Finally, ADMET (Adsorption, Desorption, Metabolism, Excretion, Toxicity) predictions and drug-likeness properties were performed on the tested compound. Our study indicates that new amides from Piper retrofractum Vahl may behave as potential natural antioxidant agents by targeting the Keap1 inhibitor.
Ginger Leather Candy Formulation at CV Sari Sehat Bogor
Authors: Devinarahma Z , Permatasari N A , Hardjomidjojo H
Published: June 2024

CV Sari Sehat is an SME that produces herbal products such as instant powdered drinks, simplicial, and powdered tea. CV Sari Sehat wants to increase the value of its red ginger commodities through innovation. Currently, the processed red ginger products offered by CV Sari Sehat are only instant drink powder and tea powder, which is why they are seeking to develop new processed red ginger products. Product development is to be carried out by making red ginger jelly candy in the form of thin layers, namely Ginger Leather Candy (GLC). The development process will follow an engineering design approach. This method’s phases include exploration, problem definition, ideation, prototype development, and validation. The best formulation for the GLC product contains ingredients such as water, red ginger extract, pectin, granulated sugar, brown sugar, corn sugar syrup, citric acid, and icing sugar as product coatings. Chemical testing shows that GLC has a moisture content of 15.2%, ash content of 1.5%, sucrose of 46.42%, and reducing sugar of 10.94%. The antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of this GLC product is categorized as weak, with an antioxidant activity value of 177.059 μg/ml and an inhibition zone of 2 mm. However, the organoleptic test results indicate that consumers like this GLC product, with an overall average level of consumer liking of 3.95/5.
Simulation of heat and pressure transfer in concentric heat exchangers for small industrial scale
Authors: Sutoyo E , Kindi H A , Siregar T H , Hartono B , Suntoro D , Saputra I D
Published: June 2024

A Heat exchanger is a tool in industry which aims to transfer energy from hot fluid to cold fluid. The amount of heat transferred is an important parameter of the design and performance of heat exchangers. Concentric tube is a type of heat exchanger that is widely used in industries such as material processing and food preparation. One way to get the value of heat transfered before manufacturing a heat exchanger is to carry out computational fluid dynamic simulations. This simulation will make it easier for us to understand the heat transfer phenomenon that occurs from hot fluid to cold fluid. The aim of this study is to calculate how much heat transfer and pressure drop there is in a laboratory scale cocentric tube type heat exchanger. We also get a picture of the pressure drop that occurs due to fluid friction with the inner pipe walls. Experiments and simulations carried out in this study will then be validated. Variations in flow rate on the tube and shell sides are applied. the greater the flow rate, the greater the transfer of heat. The same trend is shown by variations in pressure. The greater the pressure, the greater the pressure drop that occurs. In this study, the pressure drop from the heat exchanger inlet to the heat exchanger outlet was 0.015%.
Should Bank Provide Insurance for Horticultural Crop Damage? (A Stackelberg Game Approach)
Authors: Januardi  , Hung Che-Yu
Published: June 2024

This study provides insight for a bank to insure farmers with the possibility of having horticultural crops damaged. Specifically, a Stackelberg leadership game is formulated with the bank as the leader and the farmer as the follower. The bank declares its insurance fee first to anticipate the horticulture prices and maximize its profit. Then, the farmer decides the horticulture price sequentially given the insurance fee and the crop condition. The game is solved under the with and without insurance scenarios. The farmer decides its horticulture price with no banking insurance fee in without insurance scenario. The bank decision-making is only included in with insurance scenario. From the analytical comparison result, it is better for the farmer to have insurance from the bank when the probability of damage to a horticultural crop exists. However, the bank should give an insurance fee to the farmer with a high probability of having good horticultural crops and less customer sensitivity to damaged crops.
Community-based business ecosystem of coffee with the One Village One CEO Program at Cikajang Garut
Authors: Slamet A S , Purwawangsa H , Prawiro B P , Isbayu M , Irfany M I , Haq D A
Published: June 2024

Sustainable forest management in upstream rivers contributes to ecological balance, disaster mitigation, and economic opportunity for nearby populations. Amid this dynamic, the Cikajang coffee community plays an essential role in sustainable management through community forests. The objective of this study is to evaluate the function of the Cikajang coffee community in sustainable agricultural enterprises. Surveys and FGD sources have revealed that the Cikajang Coffee Community was founded in response to a demand for coffee cultivation education, marketing strategy, and financing. This community grows coffee in forest locations, using forest village community organizations. Community assemblies to interact and share experiences become valuable social capital in the preservation of the environment. Coffee commodities have become an economic pillar for society as a result of academic support in cultivation and marketing, particularly under the “One Village One CEO” program. These findings demonstrate the importance of community empowerment in balancing economic needs and environmental sustainability.
Chemical Compositions and Plant Secondary Metabolites of Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L) Oilseed Press-cake from Different Locations
Authors: Umroni A , Rianawati H , Rahayu A A D , Krisnawati  , Leksono B , Paradhipta D H V
Published: June 2024

The industry of tamanu crude oil results in by-product called tamanu oil cake (TOC). The present study investigates the variation of chemical compositions and plant secondary metabolites of TOC collected from different locations as unconventional feed. The TOC was collected from three districts as follows: Purworejo, Bantul, and Sleman. These districts are the production centre of TCO in Central Java Province. Dry matter and organic matter were not different among locations. The TOC from Sleman had higher crude protein than Purworejo and Bantul (p<0.001; 23.5% vs. 19.9% vs. 12.9%). The crude fiber of TOC from Sleman was the lowest followed by Bantul, and then Purworejo (p=0.001; 10.42% vs. 19.6% vs. 28.1%). The ether extract was higher from Purworejo and Bantul compared to Sleman (p=0.001; 13.9% and 15.6% vs. 5.96%). The TOC from Purworejo and Bantul had higher phenol (p=0.002; 6.13% and 5.36% vs. 3.73%), flavonoid (p=0.002; 6.13% and 5.36% vs. 3.73%), saponin (p=0.023; 0.80% and 0.84% vs. 0.57%), and tannin (p=0.001; 0.90% and 0.83% vs. 0.47%) than from Sleman. Considering chemical composition and plant secondary metabolites, the present study concluded that TOC from Sleman was recommended for poultry feed, while TOC from Purworejo and Bantul was recommended for ruminant feed.
Characteristics of Egg Production of Kampung Chickens, Red Kedu Chickens and Their Crossbred (Unsoed Chickens)
Authors: Ismoyowati  , Tugiyanti Elly , Indrasanti Diana , Purwantini Dattadewi
Published: June 2024

Chickens are a species that has very high genetic diversity and were the first species used to study the inheritance of traits, to have a genome sequence and to be used for genetic research. Indonesia has a high genetic diversity of local chickens, including kampung and Kedu chickens. This research aims to characterize egg production of kampung chickens, Red Kedu chickens, and their crossbreed (Unsoed chickens). This research was carried out experimentally using 120 female kampung chickens, 120 Red Kedu chickens, and 160 kampung-Kedu crossbred chickens. Measurement of egg production characteristics was carried out at 24-36 weeks of age. Egg production characteristics consist of hen day production and quality of eggs. Data analysis used Systat version 13 software, comparison of egg production characteristics was analyzed descriptively. The results of the study showed that the average egg production characteristics included hen day production, egg weight, shell weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk color, specific gravity value, shell color, haugh unit (HU) value, egg index and shell thickness, in kampung chickens consecutive amounting to 36.79% eggs; 42.98 g; 5.98 g; 15.38 g; 24.99 g; 8.31; 1.11; 7.67; 87.31; 76.37% and 0.36 mm, in Red Kedu chickens 32.54%; 46.43 g; 6.40 g; 16.50 g; 25.43; 8.32; 1.09; 7.32; 83.56; 74.66% and 0.339 mm, and Unsoed chickens have a characteristic of 37.38%; 45.16 g; 6.03 g; 15.64 g; 24.85 g; 8.49; 1,11; 2.49; 85.59; 75.62% and 0.355 mm. The research concluded that Unsoed chickens (a crossing Red Kedu and kampung chickens) have higher egg production characteristics compared to their parents’ stock, with a heterosis effect on egg production. The egg quality of all chicken lines is relatively the same and is included in the AA category with a HU value of >72.
Optimizing Ongole Grade Cattle weight prediction through Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Dakhlan A , Adhianto K , Qisthon A , Husni A
Published: June 2024

Ongole Grade (OG) cattle are commonly raised by many farmers in Indonesia, particularly in rural and remote areas where weighing scales are not readily available. The weight of these OG cattle can be estimated by utilizing their body measurements through the application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). This research aimed to predict the body weight (BW) of OG cattle, which are primarily kept by smallholder farmers, using PCA based on various body measurements such as body length (BL), chest girth (CG), shoulder height (SH), and chest width (CW). Additionally, the effectiveness of PCA-based predictions was compared with a multiple linear regression model. This study involved a total of 120 OG cattle, comprising 26 males and 94 females. The PCA of the body measurements, as well as the correlation and regression between these measurements (BL, CG, SH, and CW) and BW, were analyzed using the R programming language. The selection criteria for identifying the best-fit model for BW prediction were based on statistical indicators including coefficient of determination (R2), Adjusted R2, residual standard error (RSE), Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). The findings of this investigation revealed that the primary factors representing body measurements were PC1 for both male (accounting for 89.21% variance) and female OG cattle (accounting for 85.71% variance). In comparison to the regression models, those generated from three PCs for males and two PCs for females demonstrated greater precision and simplicity in estimating the BW of OG cattle, without encountering multicollinearity issues. Consequently, the outcomes of this study have practical applications, serving as a means to predict the BW of OG cattle and contributing to selection programs within this cattle breed.
Physicochemical Analysis of Spent Hen Chicken Sausages with Jelly Mushroom (Auricularia auricula) Powder Inclusion as a Substitute for Sodium Tripolyphosphate
Authors: Dewi M M , Barido F H , Puruhita  , Hertanto B S , Cahyadi M , Kartikasari L R , Sujiwo J , Kim J , Kim H Y , Jang A
Published: June 2024

This study aims to evaluate the substitution effect of the Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) with jelly mushroom (Auricularia auricula) powder (JMP)at various concentration on quality attributes of the spent hen chicken sausages. Using a completely randomized design (CRD), this experiment consisting of five treatments and three replications. The treatments including group with 0,3% STPP (P0; w/w), and inclusion of jelly mushroom at 1%, 2%, and 3%, labelled with T1, T2, T3; w/w, respectively. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT) at 5% level. The results showed that the increase in (JMP)substitution up to 3% levels had a significant effect on the tenderness, WHC, and pH value. The addition of (JMP)had no significant effect on the cooking loss, ranging from 4,74 to 6,33%. Substitutions of STPP with JMP in spent hen sausages even at the 1% level generated a significant effect on collagen, fat, and moisture contents and decreased protein content. The addition of jelly mushroom powder up to 1% levels will reduce fat, collagen, and moisture contents. This study inferred that the JMP can be used as an alternative substitution for STPP at the level of 1%, while the use of JMP in spent hen sausages at more than 1% would negatively affect the quality attributes of spent hen chicken sausage.
Osmoprotective function of betaine maintains the physiological parameters of quail raised in tropical environments
Authors: Ratriyanto A , Prastowo S , Sofyan A , Widyas N , Pradista L A
Published: June 2024

The high environmental temperature in the tropics adversely affects the physiology and performance of poultry. Betaine is an organic osmolyte that assists the birds in counteracting the deleterious effects of heat stress. This study observed the physiological parameters of laying quail raised in tropical environments and receiving betaine supplementation in the diet. A total of 224 21-day-old quails were distributed to two treatments with seven replicates of 16 birds. The treatments were the basal diet (Control) and the basal diet supplemented with 1.5 g/kg betaine (Betaine). The rectal temperature, respiration rate, and tonic immobility were measured in the morning (07.00h), afternoon (13.00h), and evening (19.00h). The temperature humidity index in the morning, afternoon, and evening were 24.7, 29.4, and 27.6, respectively, suggesting the birds expressing heat stress. Administering betaine in the diet reduces the rectal temperature, respiration rate, and tonic immobility in all measurement times (P<0.01), indicating that betaine maintains the physiological condition in quail. In conclusion, betaine functions as an organic osmolyte to assist the birds in coping with heat stress
Gross Margin Analysis of Brahman Cross Weaned Cattle Farmers with a Partnership System in Central Java
Authors: Pratomo D.A. , Kusumastuti T.A. , Muzayyanah M.A.U. , Panjono
Published: June 2024

The research aimed to objective the gross margin income of weaned Brahman cross (BX) cattle raised by smallholder farmers in Karanganyar Regency, Central Java. This research involved 30 farmers who are partners of feedlot company. The technique of identifying respondents used purposive sampling method. Smallholder farmers involved in this study are farmers who raise cattle from partnerships with feedlot company in Indonesia. The scale of business was 5 head per farmer. The partnered cattle were weaned BX cattle aged 3 to 6 months. This research was a survey method. The data taken were primary and secondary data. Primary data collected included feed consumption and body weight during 12 months of cattle production. Secondary data collected were all variable data, namely feed costs, livestock shipping costs, livestock health costs, livestock group levy, livestock insurance, and interest costs. Revenue was only obtained from the sale of feeder cattle. The data is then used to calculate Average Daily Gain (ADG), Break Event Point (BEP) and gross margin analysis. Data was analysed quantitatively descriptively. The ADG results obtained were 0.62+0.09kg/day, variable costs were IDR 13,611,300.21+1,363,499.82 per head. The BEP unit and BEP price for weaned BX cattle kept by smallholder farmers are respectively 302.47±30.30kg/head, and IDR 35,231.89±3,288.41/bodyweight. The value for the final weight of cattle was obtained at 402.68 ± 41.47 kg and the existing value for cattle prices was IDR 45,000.00/BW so existing value higher than BEP. The gross margin results obtained by smallholder farmers were IDR 3,851,699.79 per head. The gross margin income obtained is positive so it is profitable. It is concluded that raising weaned BX cattle using a partnership system is profitable and the BEP value is smaller than the existing value, so it is feasible to implement.
Structural connectivity changes in unilateral hearing loss
Authors: Tsai Pascale , Latypov Timur H , Hung Peter Shih-Ping , Halawani Aisha , Srisaikaew Patcharaporn , Walker Matthew R , Zhang Ashley B , Wang Wanzhang , Hassannia Fatemeh , Barake Rana , Gordon Karen A , Ibrahim George M , Rutka John , Hodaie Mojgan
Published: June 2024

Network connectivity, as mapped by the whole brain connectome, plays a crucial role in regulating auditory function. Auditory deprivation such as unilateral hearing loss might alter structural network connectivity; however, these potential alterations are poorly understood. Thirty-seven acoustic neuroma patients with unilateral hearing loss (19 left-sided and 18 right-sided) and 19 healthy controls underwent diffusion-weighted and T1-weighted imaging to assess edge strength, node strength, and global efficiency of the structural connectome. Edge strength was estimated by pair-wise normalized streamline density from tractography and connectomics. Node strength and global efficiency were calculated through graph theory analysis of the connectome. Pure-tone audiometry and word recognition scores were used to correlate the degree and duration of unilateral hearing loss with node strength and global efficiency. We demonstrate significantly stronger edge strength and node strength through the visual network, weaker edge strength and node strength in the somatomotor network, and stronger global efficiency in the unilateral hearing loss patients. No discernible correlations were observed between the degree and duration of unilateral hearing loss and the measures of node strength or global efficiency. These findings contribute to our understanding of the role of structural connectivity in hearing by facilitating visual network upregulation and somatomotor network downregulation after unilateral hearing loss.
Performing Homeric islands: Homeric receptions in (post-)Hellenistic Asia
Authors: He Yanxiao
Published: June 2024

This article presents critical interpretations of the Sophytos inscription in comparison with the K-pop song ‘Sugar Rush Ride’ within the context of the cultural politics of sugar production in modern colonialism. It posits that both pieces individually engage with discreet episodes concerning Homeric islands in the Odyssey: Odysseus’ lying about his Cretan background in book 14 and the lotus-eating story in book 9. Meanwhile, both refer to the Phaeacian episode in book 8. In doing so, this article not only underscores the significance of this Homeric epic as a rich mine from which people across different time periods and geographic areas (such as Kandahar and Korea) draw inspiration, but also contributes to a re-evaluation of the epistemic foundation of research on Hellenistic Central Asia and its legacy.
Strain partitioning, transfer and implications for the ongoing process of intracontinental graben formation in the northwestern margin of the Ordos block, China: insights from densified GNSS measurements
Authors: Hao Ming , Li Yuhang , Song Shangwu , Zhuang Wenquan , Wang Qingliang
Published: June 2024

The northwestern margin of the Ordos block is structurally separated by the Yinchuan–Hetao graben system. As one of the most active intracontinental graben systems within the Eurasian continent, its kinematic pattern of crustal extension is crucial for unraveling the ongoing processes of intracontinental graben formation, while it remains unclear principally due to a lack of geological constraints on crustal deformation. We obtained and analysed a densified GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) velocity field in this region. Our results suggest that the western margin of the Hetao graben exhibits the NW-directed crustal extension (∼ 1.1 mm yr−1), which can be attributed to the conjugate transtension resulting from the left-lateral motion along the E–W-trending northern boundaries of the Alashan and Ordos blocks, as well as the right-lateral motion along the N–S-trending western margin of the Ordos block. Additionally, in response to the NE-directed extrusion of the Tibetan Plateau, the Alashan block undergoes approximately NE-directed contraction (4.9 ± 1.1 nanostrain yr−1) and NW-directed extrusion (2.8 ± 0.8 nanostrain yr−1), which vacates space for the crustal extension of the Yinchuan graben with a rate of 0.9 ± 0.1 mm yr−1. Although it is challenging to determine whether the left-lateral motion (approximately 1 mm yr−1) along the E–W-trending Hetao graben is the far-field effect of western Pacific subduction, the gradual decrease in right-lateral motion from the N–S-trending western margin of the Ordos block toward the north side of the Yinshan Orogen manifests the far-field effect of the Indo-Eurasian plate convergence extending into the Mongolian Plateau.
‘We thought supporting was strengthening’: re-examining the role of external assistance for health systems strengthening in Zimbabwe post-COVID-19
Authors: Mhazo Alison T , Maponga Charles C
Published: June 2024

Zimbabwe has received substantial external assistance for health since the early 2000s, including funding earmarked for, or framed as, health systems strengthening (HSS). This study sought to examine whether external assistance has strengthened the health system (i.e. enabled comprehensive changes to health system performance drivers) or has just supported the health system (by increasing inputs and improving service coverage in the short term). Between August and October 2022, we conducted in-depth key informant interviews with 18 individuals and reviewed documents to understand: (1) whether external funding has supported or strengthened Zimbabwe’s health system since the 2000s; (2) whether the experience of COVID-19 fosters a re-examination of what had been considered as HSS during the pre-pandemic era; and (3) areas to be reconsidered for HSS post COVID-19. Our findings suggest that external funders have supported Zimbabwe to control major epidemics and avert health system collapse. However, the COVID-19 pandemic showed that supporting the health system is not the same as strengthening it, as it became apparent at that time that the health sector is plagued with several system-wide bottlenecks. External funding is fragile and highly unsustainable, which reinforces the oft-ignored reality that HSS is a sovereign mandate of country-level authorities, and one that falls outside the core interests of external funders. The key positive lesson from the pandemic is that Zimbabwe is capable of raising domestic resources to fund HSS. However, there is no guarantee that such funding will be maintained. There is a need, then, to reconsider government’s stewardship for HSS. External funders need to re-examine whether their funding really strengthens the national health system or just supports the country to provide basic services in their areas of interest.
School-based learning about sugary drinks: possibilities and potential for curriculum approaches supporting health promotion in New Zealand
Authors: Trask Suzanne , Thornley Simon , Sundborn Gerhard
Published: June 2024

Achieving greater alignment with national curriculum and local school and teacher objectives alongside a deeper understanding of student needs can enhance the impact and reach of health promotion interventions. This study reports on teacher perspectives of a multi-pathway curriculum outline supporting learning (Grades 7-9) about sugary drinks. The outline was developed to support scale-up and sustainability of a successful sugary drink intervention trialed in four New Zealand secondary schools. Sixteen teachers from a range of subjects provided input via focus groups. Inductive qualitative thematic analysis was used to identify and interpret patterns within the data. Sugary drinks were perceived to be an important and engaging learning context. Teachers valued the potential long-term societal benefits of health-based learning and benefits to individual students and their families. They recognised students as health communicators and influencers within families and communities. Relevance to students’ lives and alignment with national curriculum and assessment objectives and teacher subject expertise were key factors in learning pathway selection. Teacher support is crucial in facilitating sustainable school-based health promotion, which often does not sit within a single curriculum area. Factors such as these, that teachers prioritise in their curriculum decision-making, must be understood and leveraged in school-based health promotion research.
Enhanced toluene removal from aqueous solutions using reed straw-derived biochar
Authors: Lv Haorui , Leng Haihan , Li Bohan , Wang Qianyu , Ma Ximan , Zhou Runxuan , Yue Xiaoju , Wu Guodong
Published: June 2024

The escalating threat of pollutants, particularly aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), in aquatic environments necessitates effective remediation strategies. This study explores the potential of biochar derived from common reed (Phragmites australis) as a sustainable and multifaceted tool for the removal of toluene, a representative BTEX compound, from aqueous solutions. By harnessing reed straw as the precursor material for biochar production, this research showcases an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional disposal methods, such as incineration, offering the dual benefit of pollutant removal and carbon emissions reduction. The influence of pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties and its adsorption efficiency for toluene were rigorously examined, revealing a direct correlation between temperature and biochar’s pollutant sequestration capabilities. Results indicate that higher pyrolysis temperatures led to biochar (RB-750) with superior specific surface area (68.07 m2/g) and enhanced adsorption capabilities, demonstrating its potential as a powerful adsorbent in water treatment. The scanning electron microscope analysis revealed a complex, porous structure rich in active sites, validating the biochar’s suitability for pollutant adsorption. Optimal dosage was determined at 8 g/l, achieving an impressive toluene removal efficiency of 98.1%. Additionally, pH and initial toluene concentration significantly influenced removal efficiency. This study underscores the multifaceted potential of reed straw-derived biochar in combating water pollution while concurrently contributing to carbon emissions reduction through sustainable utilization of abundant wetland resources. Further research should delve into the impact of real-world conditions on its effectiveness, promising innovative solutions for environmental remediation efforts with a reduced carbon footprint.
Dynamical mass determination and partial eclipses of the heartbeat star HD 181793
Authors: Uronen Laura E , Cameron Andrew Collier , Wilson Thomas G
Published: June 2024

We identify the bright Am-type star HD 181793 to be a previously unknown eclipsing, chemically peculiar heartbeat binary, the second of its kind known. The system carries an orbital period of $P = 11.47578275 \pm 0.00000055$ d. We use TESS photometry and LCOGT NRES radial velocity data to build a self-consistent orbital model and determine the fundamental stellar characteristics of the primary. We use a spectral separation method to unveil the secondary and measure the masses of both stars. The radial velocity amplitude of the primary, $K_1 = 47.41\, {^ {+0.13}}_ {-0.12}$ km s−1, gives a mass $M_1 = 1.57 \pm 0.01$ M$_\odot$. The secondary radial velocity amplitude $K_2 = 84.95\, {^ {+0.12}}_ {-0.09}$ km s−1 yields a mass ratio $q = 0.558 \pm 0.002$ and a secondary mass $M_2 = 0.87 \pm 0.01$ M$_\odot$. From the spectral energy distribution and Gaia parallax, we find a radius $R_1 = 2.04 \pm 0.05$ R$_\odot$. The grazing transit profile and spectroscopic luminosity ratio indicate $R_2 = 1.04\, {^ {+0.15}}_ {-0.10}$ R$_\odot$, suggesting an early-K spectral type. We show that the heartbeat feature in the TESS light curve can be explained by time-varying ellipsoidal variation, driven by the orbital eccentricity of $e = 0.3056\, {^ {+0.0024}}_ {-0.0026}$, and relativistic beaming of the light of the primary. We find no evidence of tidally excited oscillations.