bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth and globalization of the Central African wildlife economy: Insights from a 23-year study of wild meat markets on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Mitchell Dana Venditti , Woloszynek Stephen , Mitchell Matthew W. , Cronin Drew T. , Zhao Zhengqiao , Rosen Gail R. , O’Connor Michael P. , Fero Meñe Maximiliano , Gonder Mary Katherine
Published: November 2024

The commercial trade in wild meat is booming in Central Africa. Addressing this issue is a global priority because the trade poses a major threat to biodiversity and human health. We investigated the impact of socioeconomic factors, public health emergencies, and conservation efforts on the wild meat trade using daily surveys of wild meat markets on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea (EG), from 1997 through 2021. Bioko is an ideal location for examining how external factors impact the wild meat market trade. Although small, the island has large areas of intact forest that host populations of commercially valuable wildlife; low-cost protein substitutes are available; and Malabo, the island’s only large metropolitan area and wild meat trading hub, hosts a wealthy class of urbanites. We found significant associations between global market trends and the wild meat trade, especially China’s foreign investment and oil production in the US and EG. Economic crises like EG’s 2009 economic downturn that followed a global crash in oil prices and reduced production, redirected demand towards cheaper mainland wildlife carcasses amid reduced consumer demand. Public health emergencies had the most comprehensive impact on the wild meat trade. The 2014 Ebola outbreak and the COVID-19 pandemic both induced shifts in market demand, and the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted trade routes, affecting both urban and rural markets. Internally, we observed market decentralization over the last decade and changes in wildlife supply chains during public health emergencies. Conservation policies, including anti-poaching measures and educational outreach, temporarily influenced wildlife market trends, sometimes leading to trading surges in endangered primate carcasses. Our study highlights the importance of monitoring global market trends, public health campaigns, and adapting conservation strategies to disrupt wildlife supply chains and curb consumer demand for wild meat.
Dynamic Presentations of Recurrent Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in a Heart Transplant Recipient: A Rare Case Study
Authors: Toiv Avi , Harris Kevin B. , Khan Muhammad Zarrar , Theisen Brian K. , Varma Adarsh , Fain Christopher , Kaur Nirmal
Published: November 2024

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are complications that arise from post-transplantation immunosuppressive therapy. Although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) viremia is often seen in PTLD, it is not a definitive feature for diagnosis. We report a rare case of recurrent PTLD in a 26-year-old heart transplant recipient on high-dose tacrolimus who presented with emesis, fatigue, and bloody diarrhea. Although substantial EBV viremia was seen in the first PTLD episode, the current episode was a gastrointestinal manifestation with barely detectable circulating EBV. The patient's history of gastrointestinal disease delayed definitive diagnosis, which was later established through endoscopy and biopsy sample analysis.
La crítica de Maimónides a los médicos en El libro del asma
Authors: Alby Juan Carlos
Published: November 2024

El tratado que Maimónides le dedicó al asma en 1190, y que lleva como título original en árabe Maqǎlat fi-l-rabw, fue escrito por encargo de un paciente noble que padecía la enfermedad. Así, el Libro del asma se une al grupo de las obras médicas que el judío de Córdoba escribió por encargo, integrado además por El régimen de la salud y el Tratado de la curación de las hemorroides. Se trata de un estudio monográfico que fue muy citado y admirado en las tres grandes cosmovisiones culturales de la Edad Media, a saber, la judía, la musulmana y la cristiana, debido a su rápida traducción del árabe al hebreo y al latín. Se compone de un Prólogo y de trece capítulos en los que se describen las dietas y tratamientos. Los capítulos uno a doce intentan ordenar la vida del paciente y prevenir la enfermedad por caminos indirectos. Pero, en el capítulo decimotercero, Maimónides se aparta del tratamiento específico del asma y aporta una serie de recomendaciones para la curación en general, además de emprender una reflexión sobre el ars medica, no exenta de crítica a los médicos de su tiempo a quienes acusa de ser ignorantes por subestimar cuestiones que Hipócrates y Galeno habían considerado difíciles. A esta concepción de la medicina que presenta Rambam le subyacen presupuestos filosóficos, que le llegan desde los textos hipocráticos y galénicos, y que el médico judío reinterpreta de manera notable a la luz de los conocimientos de su tiempo.
Danzas Autóctonas del Eje Cafetero Colombiano: Explorando Identidad, Investigación-Creación y Conexiones Intergeneracionales
Authors: Hernández Carvajal Andrés Mauricio , Urrea-Giraldo Jorge Eduardo
Published: November 2024

En este artículo se describen los procesos de investigación-creación de danzas autóctonas del Eje Cafetero colombiano. Se examina la riqueza cultural de cuatro manifestaciones emblemáticas: La estampa de la iraca, La danza de los macheteros del Quindío, La danza del polvero y La danza de los faroles. A través de investigación-creación y sistematización de entrevistas, se explora cómo se crearon las danzas y su relación con la identidad cultural; a su vez, se destacan su arraigo en contextos regionales específicos y su capacidad para evocar la esencia histórica y contemporánea de la región cafetera. Además, se profundiza en el papel de la investigación-creación en la preservación y renovación de estas danzas, y en su adaptación en el mundo contemporáneo, sin perder su autenticidad cultural. Por último, se examina cómo estas danzas actúan como puentes intergeneracionales, por medio de la transmisión de valores y tradiciones a través de sus características y procesos investigativos.
Air pollutants as modulators of mitochondrial quality control in cardiovascular disease
Authors: Neikirk Kit , Harris Chanel , Le Han , Oliver Ashton , Shao Bryanna , Liu Kaihua , Beasley Heather K. , Jamison Sydney , Ishimwe Jeanne A. , Kirabo Annet , Hinton Antentor
Published: November 2024

It is important to understand the effects of environmental factors such as air pollution on mitochondrial structure and function, especially when these changes increase cardiovascular disease risk. Although lifestyle choices directly determine many mitochondrial diseases, increasingly, it is becoming clear that the structure and function of mitochondria may be affected by pollutants found in the atmosphere (e.g., gases, pesticides herbicide aerosols, or microparticles). To date, the role of such agents on mitochondria and the potential impact on cardiovascular fitness is neglected. Here we offer a review of airborne stressors and pollutants, that may contribute to impairments in mitochondrial function and structure to cause heart disease.
Spatial reality in education – approaches from innovation experiences in Singapore
Authors: Han Jia Yi , Fung Fun Man
Published: November 2024

The integration of Spatial Reality technologies in educational settings has gained momentum as a powerful instrument for teaching and learning. While research has consistently shown the significant potential of these technologies in enhancing students’ knowledge acquisition and retention, a phenomenon termed “VR teaching anxiety” persists among many educators, leading to hesitancy in adopting Spatial Reality into their teaching practices. In this paper, the authors shed light on the specific concerns related to VR teaching anxiety reported by educators. To mitigate these anxieties, the authors recount their firsthand experiences with employing Spatial Reality technologies in chemistry education at a higher education institution in Singapore. Additionally, they offer a suite of recommended practices gleaned from their journey, aiming to empower educators to confidently integrate these innovative tools into their curricula.
Soundscape and Sense of Presence in the VR Experience of Madame Pirate: Becoming a Legend
Authors: Marianini Désirée
Published: November 2024

This article proposes a phenomenological and critical analysis of the film, Madame Pirate: Becoming a Legend, written and directed by Morgan Ommer and Huang Dan-Chi (Taiwan: Serendipity Films 綺影映畫, 2022, VR360, 17 min), with the goal of encouraging more comparative analyses of narrative paradigms expressed through virtual reality. Particular attention will be paid to the sound aspect in Madame Pirate, which is foundational in establishing a sense of presence for the viewer. Following a discussion of theoretical framing for virtual reality production, the author presents an experiential report of her experience of Madame Pirate, focusing on how sound influences the sense of presence, directs the viewer’s gaze, and steers the narrative.
Tracing the Shape of Despair: Video Game Aesthetics and Actor-Network Theory in An Elephant Sitting Still
Authors: Wu Xiaochu
Published: November 2024

By positioning the camera as a central non-human actant, this study invites a comparison between the cinematic space in An Elephant Sitting Still and game space in video games. It argues that the video game experience and research on game world-building provides a novel perspective to re-examine the conventional relationship between spectators and characters in films as resembling the interactivity between players and avatars in video games. This study shows how the film’s use of depth of field isolates its human protagonists from the antagonists, and then how the camera’s movement, namely close tracking shots, alters both the portrayal of antagonists and, more crucially, reshapes the protagonists into “figureless avatars.” Ultimately, the article explores the potential for convergence between film and video game aesthetics, proposing an alternate video game ideology to allow an expanded theoretical framework that transcends the social realism often applied in Chinese film studies.
Transient thermal analysis for optimal armor material in upgraded mockup for PST using MOOSE Framework
Authors: Rahman Habib Ur , Ilyas Muhammad , Khan Shahab Ud-Din , Ahmed Manzoor , Abdullah Muhammad , Hussain Ali
Published: November 2024

The divertor mockup design for the Pakistan Spherical Tokamak (PST) needs several improvements. These include reducing the total number of upper and lower divertors to 32 and enhancing the heat load capacity to 1 MW/m2. This study involves a thermal analysis of the upgraded divertor design for PST through simulation using MOOSE Framework. The simulation involves two steps – validation and thermal analysis. Validation is achieved by modeling 1D and 2D conduction problems in MOOSE Framework and comparing the results with the analytical solutions. The thermal analysis of a mockup of the upgraded PST divertor configurations with tungsten and graphite as armor materials under peak thermal heat load conditions of 1 MW/m2 is performed. The results of the transient thermal analysis reveal that the mockup surface temperature rise for tungsten remains lower than that for graphite. The findings of the study indicate that both tungsten and graphite mockups can sustain a specific heat flux of 1 MW/m2 for up to 3 s. However, even being a good conductor of heat, tungsten’s high atomic number (Z) poses challenges in plasma stability. On the other hand, graphite when paired with an efficient cooling system for controlling surface temperature rise is a superior armor material due to its affordability, ease of availability, and better compatibility with plasma environments. It is recommended as the preferred armor material for the upgraded divertor mockup in the PST system.
Calculation and application research on real-time source term diffusion in NPP auxiliary building under accident circumstances
Authors: Xie Mingliang , Chen Yuqing , Yu Lei , Wei Wei , Hou Xueyan , Xie Zhenquan , Wang Xuan
Published: November 2024

In the light of radioactive material leakage (due to containment bypass or failure) to the auxiliary building and its service compartments under severe accident circumstances, key techniques related to accident source terms in the nuclear emergency building were researched. During the research, the source-term diffusion and migration patterns were simulated in the building compartments, including the simulation of the gradual diffusion and decay process (driven by circulating air) of fission-derived gases and aerosol toward each compartment. Besides that, by taking a M310 unit at Fangjiashan NPP as the application object, the scenarios of initial accidents of LB/MB/SB-LOCA, MSLB and SGTR were chosen to establish a real-time diffusion calculation model for in-building radioactive source terms under nuclear accident circumstances. While considering the circumstances before and after being intervened by accident mitigation measures, the concentration distribution of radionuclides in the auxiliary building and personnel total-exposure radiation dose rate were quickly assessed online, and a basis was provided for the visualization of radiation dosage and the assessment of received radiation dosage and injury & death hazards during personnel activities outside the main control room.
Study of reliability prediction method and uncertainty analysis of the pump and valve of a floating nuclear power plant
Authors: Yin Changzheng , Li Haiying , Xie Xiwen , Peng Changhong
Published: November 2024

The floating nuclear power plant (FNPP) is a new type of reactor. Due to the unique marine environment, the reliability of its equipment differs significantly from that of land-based power plants, making conventional nuclear power plant databases unsuitable for direct application to FNPPs. Consequently, recognizing the need for reliability data specific to FNPP equipment, this paper proposes a framework for predicting reliability and analyzing associated uncertainties. This framework employs the parts count method and the parts stress method, as outlined in reliability prediction handbooks, to predict reliability based on different equipment categories. This paper studies the reliability of two typical types of equipment in nuclear power plants: valves and main coolant pumps. First, the reliability data for these two equipment types in land-based environments are calculated and compared with data from conventional nuclear power plant databases to validate the accuracy of the calculation results. Next, the reliability of the equipment is estimated for a marine environment, and the uncertainty distribution of these estimates is presented. The results indicate that the proposed framework effectively predicts the failure data for valves and main coolant pumps in FNPPs operating in marine conditions, serving as a reference for future reliability predictions of additional equipment.
Glancing back, looking forward: the Swedish Academy Dictionary completed after 130 years – now time for revision
Authors: Nilsson Pär
Published: November 2024

The first part of the first volume of the Swedish Academy Dictionary (SAOB) was published in 1893 and the last volume was finished in 2023. Thus Sweden’s most extensive lexicographical project was completed after more than 130 years of work. But the completion is not the end of the dictionary project. Since 2024 a revision project is launched. In this paper the history of the dictionary project is outlined and the revision project is described in more detail, with a focus on controversial words and descriptions and the gender classification of nouns.
Aligning grammatical information in linguistic resources published by the same authority. The case of participles in Swedish Academy dictionaries and grammar
Authors: Blensenius Kristian
Published: November 2024

This article discusses strategies involved in aligning word classes (parts of speech), particularly participles, in two dictionaries and one grammar for Swedish, all issued by the same publishing house, which at the same time is a language authority in Sweden. The dictionaries are Svenska Akademiens ordlista (‘The Swedish Academy glossary’), abbreviated as SAOL, and Svensk ordbok utgiven av Svenska Akademien (‘The Contemporary Dictionary of the Swedish Academy’), abbreviated as SO. The grammar in question is Svenska Akademiens grammatik (‘The Swedish Academy grammar’), abbreviated as SAG. I will discuss whether it is possible or desirable to harmonize word classes in dictionaries and grammars from the same publisher, in this case from the Swedish Academy.
Ten good reasons to build the Norwegian ConstructiCon, a dictionary of grammar
Authors: Endresen Anna , Mikkelsen Olaf
Published: November 2024

ConstructiCons are innovative digital dictionary-like resources that aim to represent large inventories of prominent linguistic patterns called grammatical constructions. Building constructiCon resources is a rapidly advancing emergent field of research that combines the practices of applied language description (lexicography) and theoretical insights of Construction Grammar (a subfield of Cognitive Linguistics). Constructions comprise both grammatical and lexical information and often contain elements that belong to different “levels” of language organization: morphology, syntax, semantics, prosody, etc. Inspired by advances of comparable resources developed for other languages, we propose that a thorough repository of multi-word semi-general constructions should be built for Norwegian and discuss ten crucial benefits of this endeavor. Many of our arguments are applicable to any language that lacks a constructiCon resource and can be of interest for a broader readership.
Lexicographical Resources for Mountaineers: A Usage Survey
Authors: Leuckert Sven
Published: November 2024

Lexicographical resources for mountaineers in the Anglophone world have been created at least since the mid-19th century, but very little is known about their usage. This article presents the results of a usage survey distributed primarily among mountaineers in North America and the United Kingdom. The results show that practicality seems most important for most survey participants, with search engines representing the preferred tool to look up word meanings. Some participants, however, still prefer (directly) consulting lexicographical online or, in some cases, print resources, and the importance of knowing relevant terminology appears to be almost undisputed. Ordinal logistic regression models reveal that a variety of factors, including, among others, climbing experience, have an influence on user preferences in terms of dictionary usage and related questions.
First record of a white phenotype Egyptian weasel (Mustela subpalmata) in Tahta, Sohag, Egypt
Authors: Hayder Firas , Madikiza Zimkitha J.K. , Awad Mohamed G. , Do Linh San Emmanuel
Published: November 2024

Aberrant pelage colourations have been occasionally detected in carnivores, including mustelids. However, to our knowledge, no cases of leucism have been reported in the genus Mustela to date. On May 1, 2024, an Egyptian weasel (Mustela subpalmata) killed by locals was discovered and photographed in the town of Tahta, Egypt. The specimen exhibited predominantly white fur on its left side and head. Although eye colour was not inspected, the normal lip colouration, dirty white fur hue, and dark brown tail tip suggest a case of leucism rather than albinism. Leucism is often linked to inbreeding caused by population isolation or size reduction, which could arise through urban development, considering that roads can act as social and physical barriers to gene flow. Genetic studies are needed to elucidate the population dynamics and conservation implications for urban Egyptian weasels.
Random attractors of Kirchhoff-type reaction–diffusion equations without uniqueness driven by nonlinear colored noise
Authors: Zhang Zhang , Yao Xiaobin
Published: November 2024

In this article, we consider the asymptotic behavior of solutions for the Kirchhoff-type reaction–diffusion equations driven by a nonlinear colored noise defined on unbounded domains. We prove the existence and uniqueness of pullback random attractors by the uniformly estimate.
Binomial convolution sum of divisor functions associated with Dirichlet character modulo 8
Authors: Jin Seokho , Park Ho
Published: November 2024

In this article, we compute binomial convolution sums of divisor functions associated with the Dirichlet character modulo 8, which is the remaining primitive Dirichlet character modulo powers of 2 yet to be considered. To do this, we provide an explicit expression of a general modular form of even weight for

Γ

0

(

32

)

{\Gamma }_{0}\left(32)

in terms of its basis, and use an identity of Huard, Ou, Spearman, and Williams. As an application, we also compute the number of representations by quadratic forms under parity conditions.
Dynamics in a predator-prey model with predation-driven Allee effect and memory effect
Authors: Zhang Huiwen , Jin Dan
Published: November 2024

In this article, a diffusive predator-prey model with memory effect and predation-driven Allee effect is considered. Through eigenvalue analysis, the local asymptotic stability of positive constant steady-state solutions is analyzed, and it is found that memory delay affects the stability of positive constant steady-state solutions and induces Hopf bifurcation. The properties of Hopf bifurcating periodic solutions have also been analyzed through the central manifold theorem and the normal form method. Finally, our theoretical analysis results were validated through numerical simulations. It was found that both memory delay and predation-driven Allee effect would cause the positive constant steady-state solution of the model to become unstable, accompanied by the emergence of spatially inhomogeneous periodic solutions. Increasing the memory period will cause periodic oscillations in the spatial distribution of the population. In addition, there would also be high-dimensional bifurcation such as Hopf–Hopf bifurcation, making the spatiotemporal changes of the population more complex.
Hebrew Dreams in the Berlin of Yesterday: German-Jewish Symbiosis Fantasy on the City’s Streets in Lifney Hamakom by Haim Be’er and Avedot by Lea Goldberg
Authors: Krohn-Borojovich Noam
Published: November 2024

This article examines Berlin’s urban space as represented in the novels Lifney Hamakom by Haim Be’er and Avedot by Lea Goldberg. Based on close reading as well as distant reading methods (mapping, annotation, and visualization), the article argues that, despite being written in different periods, both novels are similar in their representation of space: neither novel depicts Berlin as an actual living city or as a concrete setting for their plots. Rather, in both novels Berlin’s space is seen as a symbol for a German-Jewish fantasy of symbiosis: cosmopolitanism in the spirit of Bildung. Poetically, however, this impression takes two different forms: while Avedot freezes the city as an image of potential symbiosis, Lifney Hamakom is significantly affected by the mass of symbols of the city’s space.
Impact of temperature on the brightening of neutral and charged dark excitons in WSe2 monolayer
Authors: Kipczak Łucja , Zawadzka Natalia , Jana Dipankar , Antoniazzi Igor , Grzeszczyk Magdalena , Zinkiewicz Małgorzata , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Potemski Marek , Faugeras Clément , Babiński Adam , Molas Maciej R.
Published: November 2024

Optically dark states play an important role in the electronic and optical properties of monolayers (MLs) of semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides. The effect of temperature on the in-plane-field activation of the neutral and charged dark excitons is investigated in a WSe2 ML encapsulated in hexagonal BN flakes. The brightening rates of the neutral dark (X
D) and grey (X
G) excitons and the negative dark trion (T
D) differ substantially at particular temperature. More importantly, they weaken considerably by about 3–4 orders of magnitude with temperature increased from 4.2 K to 100 K. The quenching of the dark-related emissions is accompanied by the two-order-of-magnitude increase in the emissions of their neutral bright counterparts, i.e. neutral bright exciton (X
B) and spin-singlet (T
S) and spin-triplet (T
T) negative trions, due to the thermal activations of dark states. Furthermore, the energy splittings between the dark X
D and T
D complexes and the corresponding bright X
B, T
S, and T
T ones vary with temperature rises from 4.2 K to 100 K. This is explained in terms of the different exciton–phonon coupling for the bright and dark excitons stemming from their distinct symmetry properties.
Designing rotational motion of charge densities on plasmonic nanostructures excited by circularly polarized light
Authors: Ichiji Naoki , Ishida Takuya , Morichika Ikki , Oue Daigo , Tatsuma Tetsu , Ashihara Satoshi
Published: November 2024

Rotational motion of charges in plasmonic nanostructures plays an important role in transferring angular momentum between light and matter on the nanometer scale. Although sophisticated control of rotational charge motion has been achieved using spatially structured light, its extension to simultaneous excitation of the same charge motion in multiple nanostructures is not straightforward. In this study, we perform model calculations to show that spatially homogeneous circularly polarized (CP) light can excite rotational charge motions with a high degrees of freedom by exploiting the rotational symmetry of the plasmonic structure and that of the plasmon mode. Finite-difference time-domain simulations demonstrate selective excitation of rotational charge motion for both isolated nanoplates and periodic array structures, showing that complex charge rotations can be manipulated by plane CP waves in a wide range of plasmonic structures.
On the nature of the selectivity of oxygen delignification
Authors: Sjöström Jenny , Lindström Mikael E. , Vikström Tomas , Esteves Cláudia V. , Henriksson Gunnar , Sevastyanova Olena
Published: November 2024

This work has focused on oxygen’s role in the delignification process within the context of pulp production. We have investigated the role of oxygen in a complex set of chemical reactions taking place during this process, including both oxidative and non-oxidative reactions. This study explores the impact of pH changes during the oxygen delignification process and the characteristics of the resulting pulps. Additionally, this research examines the effect of oxygen, by comparing conventional oxygen delignification with trials using air and nitrogen. Industrial softwood kraft pulps with a kappa number of 35 were subjected to delignification for 20–120 min under alkaline conditions. The resulting pulps were assessed for kappa number, intrinsic viscosity, fiber charge, and ISO brightness. An important observation from this research is the reduction in lignin molecular weight upon exposure to oxygen and air, suggesting depolymerization reactions facilitated by oxygen species, whereas nitrogen exposure results in less pronounced changes. This finding underscores the impact of oxygen in altering lignin structure, thus informing the selectivity and effectiveness of the delignification process.
Study on the properties of ground film paper prepared from lactic acid-modified cellulose
Authors: Ma Jiahao , Wang Yuzheng , Hao Yang , Sun Yanan , Song Xiaoming , Gao Shanshan
Published: November 2024

Lactic acid impregnated ground film paper was prepared using the method of lactic acid impregnation of raw paper. The physical properties, chemical composition, crystallinity, thermal stability, surface morphology of the paper, barrier properties, and light transmittance of the lactic acid paper were investigated using FT-IR, XRD, TGA, SEM, water vapor blocking, oxygen blocking, mechanical properties testing, and optical property testing. Results showed that at room temperature (20 °C), when lactic acid concentration was 100 %, reaction time was 48 h, and 100 °C high temperature drying prepared lactic acid paper, it exhibited superior performance: dry strength of 2.83 IkN/m, wet strength of 0.36 kN/m, Cobb value of 4.50 g/m2, tear of 359.42 mN, water vapor barrier of 693.46 g m−2 24 h−1, and oxygen barrier of 933.43 cm3 m−2 24 h−1. Degradation rate reached 22.94 % after two weeks of soil landfill.
Data-driven identification of situated meanings in corpus data using Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Rosemeyer Malte
Published: November 2024

Identifying the meanings of grammatical elements in context is a major challenge for corpus-linguistic studies of grammatical variation. This study proposes a novel solution to this problem. I describe the situated meanings of grammatical elements as latent constructs, i.e., social concepts that cannot be observed directly but need to be inferred from the way that speakers behave. I use Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to create a data-driven typology of meanings for three modal periphrases in spoken Spanish and compare this typology to manual classification of the data in terms of modality. My findings show that (a) the situated meanings identified by the LCA do not directly correspond to the modal meanings that are commonly assumed to govern the variation between the three periphrases, and (b) the data-driven typology of meanings explains better the variation between these periphrases.
Abelard’s Ontology of Forms: Some New Evidence from theNominalesand theAlbricani
Authors: Hansen Heine
Published: November 2024

This article concerns existents as a contentious issue in contemporary Abelardian scholarship. More precisely, it concerns the ontological standing of forms in Abelard’s metaphysics. Take, for example, the apple on my desk. What ontological standing does its redness have? Is it an actual entity over and above the apple or is it in some sense “reducible” to it? Abelard, famously, was a nominalist, so the question is not about some purported universal redness. Rather, it is about the particular redness of the particular apple on my desk. The issue is contentious in that the best current accounts of Abelard’s metaphysics disagree strongly about how to answer this question. Here, rather than focusing on Abelard’s own writings – which so far have yielded no definitive answer – I will consider some anonymously transmitted and mainly unedited logical texts from the twelfth century and show how his contemporaries understood Abelard’s view and how the followers of his philosophical nemesis, Alberic of Paris, reacted to it.
Toward a definition of valence as a quantity (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Karen Pavel , Armelao Lidia , Butler Ian S. , Tomišić Vladislav , Yamashita Makoto
Published: November 2024

Valence has a rich history in chemistry, as a bonding concept, in terms of quantitative context, and as a true quantity. In the latter, a survey preceding this project revealed differing perceptions of valence values and helped formulate candidate definitions. This IUPAC task group evaluated nine quantities behind eight alternative definitions on 39 chemical entities of 48 bonding formulas, each giving a set of meaningful values with mutual relationships. Given the reflection principle of IUPAC normative work, 15 comparative examples with high variation of these alternative valences for an element were selected, and chemistry articles in English searched for valence-termed quantities of the compared compounds to imply the definition behind the stated valence value, the frequency of such use, and the chemistry field. Summarized preferences for the alternative definitions show two main areas of use. Organic and physical chemists count valence as a number of two-electron bonds at the atom. Inorganic chemists working with semi-metallic and metallic elements use n-valent as an adjective for oxidation state. The diverse yet infrequent use cannot be covered by a single definition of the valence quantity. Clarity in articles that use valence as a quantity is essential and achievable by stating the intended context.
The Impact of IT-Technologies on the Re-actualization and Research of a Once Forgotten Cultural Phenomenon: Ukrainian Epigraphic Embroidery in the Digital World
Authors: Brovarets Tetiana
Published: November 2024

Today’s digital world inevitably affects both the study of culture and the processes taking place in culture itself. Such a widespread phenomenon of Ukrainian folk culture of the first half of the twentieth century as epigraphic embroidery (textile products with embroidered folk songs, proverbs, etc.) has not attracted significant attention for several decades. Now, largely thanks to digital technologies, embroidered inscriptions are being updated in Ukraine. This paper is devoted to the influence of IT-methods (particularly, the principles and structure of the Interactive Index of Folklore Formulas (Epigraphic Embroidery)) on cultural studies. The main idea of the Index is to quickly find all the items that contain a specific formula which helps to analyze the changes in a specific embroidered plot as accurately as possible. Also, the paper reviews Internet re-actualization (“new life”) of century-old embroidered products as their photos are used as a means of communication in social networks.
Simultaneous Battles and Sequential Battles in Bargaining Models of War
Authors: Nakao Keisuke
Published: November 2024

A war consists of multiple battles, yet the theoretical literature of International Relations has given little attention to how battles relate within a war. By integrating two ultimatum games with private information played by an Aggressor and a Defender, we develop bargaining models of war with two structures: (i) parallel war, where battles occur simultaneously in two domains, as the Aggressor can access both directly; and (ii) series war, where a battle in one domain (e.g., sea) precedes a battle in another (e.g., land), as the Aggressor must first control the former domain to instigate conflict in the latter. In a theoretical comparison between parallel and series wars, we demonstrate that although series war imposes structural disadvantages on the Aggressor, series war is more likely to break out than parallel war under broad circumstances. If prewar bargaining of series war fails, the Aggressor may infer that future bargaining is also likely to fail, leading him to take a greater risk of war when issuing an ultimatum. Such dynamics are absent in parallel war. We also discuss further developments in theories of war (182 words).
Pressurized IntraThoracic Aerosol Chemotherapy (PITAC) directed therapy of patients with malignant pleural effusion and pleural metastasis
Authors: Hansen Pernille Schjødt , Graversen Martin , Detlefsen Sönke , Ainsworth Alan Patrick , Mortensen Michael Bau
Published: November 2024

Objectives

Pressurized IntraThoracic Aerosol Chemotherapy (PITAC) has been suggested as a new therapy for patients with malignant pleural effusion (MPE) and/or pleural metastasis (PLM). The patients have a poor prognosis with a median survival of 3 to 12 months. We present feasibility, patient safety, and cytological/histological response assessment in PITAC-treated patients with MPE and/or PLM.

Methods

Patients eligible for PITAC and treated at Odense PIPAC Center were included. PITAC was performed in lateral decubitus or prone position under double-lumen endotracheal tube ventilation to allow exclusion of the lung if necessary. After positioning of the ultrasound-guided trocar, the second trocar is inserted by video-assisted thoracoscopy. MPE was evacuated and measured. Pleural lavage was performed if no or small amounts of MPE were present. MPE or pleural lavage fluid was analyzed cytologically. Visible PLM was biopsied and sent for histology assessment using a four-tiered Thoracic Regression Grading Score (TRGS). After a walkthrough of the safety checklist, the chemotherapy was nebulized followed by 30 min of passive diffusion. The chemotherapy and chemotherapy-saturated air was evacuated through a closed bag and ventilation system.

Results

We report data on 11 intended PITACs in five patients. Nine PITACs were completed and two PITACs were discontinued due to intraoperative complications or technical reasons. Response evaluation was available in three patients: one showed complete response (TRGS 1) and another stable disease (TRGS 2). Cytology was available from two patients: one showed conversion from malignant to benign. The 30-day mortality was zero.

Conclusions

PITAC appears to be safe and feasible.
The Reception of Luhmann in the Sociology of Law in Brazil
Authors: Schwartz Germano
Published: November 2024

Since the 1980s, Niklas Luhmann has been a debated figure in Brazilian law, influencing court decisions and legal doctrine in books. This study aims to delineate the path through which Luhmann’s theory has been absorbed by the Brazilian Sociology of Law, seeking to clarify hypotheses circulating in the academic milieu that had not been tested. The paper’s methodological focus was to utilize interviews with the four main Luhmannian authors who had published works on the subject in the 1980s and 1990s, along with a semi-structured questionnaire for members of the Brazilian
Law & Social System Network. The article also analyzes data from national open databases to infer the impact of Niklas Luhmann’s works on the Brazilian sociology of law. The results demonstrate the existence of over two hundred Luhmannian theses and dissertations in Brazilian sociology, a high frequency of citations in legal articles, and resounding influence in various research groups and in Brazilian courts. The conclusions highlight specific characteristics in Brazil for the reception of the theory, emphasizing the translation of some of the author’s legal-related texts into Brazilian Portuguese as catalysts for interest in Luhmann’s work, particularly in the ways these texts were introduced by Cláudio Souto and Tercio Sampaio Ferraz Jr. This study contributes to deepen the understanding about why Luhmann’s influence on the Brazilian Sociology of Law has prevailed.
Europium spin dilution in the ferromagnetic solid solution Eu4–x
Ca
x
PdMg
Authors: Baldauf Jasper Arne , Koldemir Aylin , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: November 2024

The intermetallic compounds Eu4PdMg and Ca4PdMg form a complete solid solution Eu4–x
Ca
x
PdMg. Further phase analytical studies showed that Eu4PdMg does not allow substitution with strontium. The polycrystalline Eu4–x
Ca
x
PdMg samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction. The structure of Eu2.233(6)Ca1.767PdMg was refined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data: Gd4RhIn type, F

4
‾

$\bar{4}$

3m, a = 1,475.42(10) pm, wR2 = 0.0476, 674 F
2 values, 23 variables. Temperature dependent magnetic susceptibility measurements show a drastic decrease of the Curie temperature with increasing calcium substitution. 151Eu Mössbauer spectra of Eu4PdMg and Eu2Ca2PdMg confirm the divalent ground state of europium.
The stannides SrPdSn and m-BaPtSn
Authors: Bönnighausen Judith , Block Theresa , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: November 2024

The stannides SrPdSn (TiNiSi type, orthorhombic space group Pnma) and m-BaPtSn (EuNiGe type, monoclinic space group P21/c) were synthesized from the elements in sealed tantalum ampoules in a high-frequency furnace. Their structures were refined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. SrPdSn crystallizes directly from the melt and is stable upon annealing at T = 1073 K. A BaPtSn sample quenched from the melt adopts the cubic LaIrSi-type structure, cubic space group P213 (c-BaPtSn) and shows a temperature induced (annealing at 1070 K) structural phase transition leading to a EuNiGe-type low-temperature modification m-BaPtSn. The phase transition leads to a reconstruction within the polyanionic [PtSn]
δ− network. The latter is three-dimensional and composed of ten-membered Pt5Sn5 rings in c-BaPtSn, while the polyanion is two-dimensional in m-BaPtSn and is composed of condensed Pt4Sn4 and Pt2Sn2 rings. The two-dimensional substructure leads to a strong moisture sensitivity for m-BaPtSn. The Pt–Sn distances in both modifications range from 257 to 267 pm, indicating substantial covalent bonding.
Two further members of the triclinic lanthanoid(III) chloride oxoarsenate(III) series Ln
3Cl2[AsO3][As2O5] with Ln = Eu and Gd
Authors: Schander Svetlana , Locke Ralf J. C. , Wickleder Mathias S. , Schleid Thomas
Published: November 2024

Eu3Cl2[AsO3][As2O5] (a = 541.45(4) pm, b = 837.46(6) pm, c = 1107.56(8) pm, α = 90.059(2)°, β = 94.628(2)°, γ = 90.449(2)°) and Gd3Cl2[AsO3][As2O5] (a = 539.89(4) pm, b = 838.20(6) pm, c = 1103.10(8) pm, α = 90.056(2)°, β = 94.601(2)°, γ = 90.388(2)°) crystallize isotypically with Sm3Cl2[AsO3][As2O5] in the triclinic space group P

1
‾

$\bar{1}$

with Z = 2. Colorless, transparent, platelet-shaped single crystals of Eu3Cl2[AsO3][As2O5] and Gd3Cl2[AsO3][As2O5] were obtained by solid-state syntheses from their binary components in fused silica ampoules at temperatures around 800 °C.
Estratégias de ensino ético-moral na formação de estudantes de Enfermagem: revisão integrativa
Authors: Barrientos Mireya Inés Triviños , Schneider Dulcinéia Ghizoni , Mazera Maiara Suelen , Sandoval Sylvia Jacqueline Álvarez , Bustos Elide Mariela Alarcón
Published: November 2024

Objetivo: sintetizar evidências científicas sobre estratégias de ensino ético-moral na formação de estudantes de enfermagem. Métodos: revisão integrativa com investigação e seleção de estudos primários, em seis bases de dados de destaque na área da saúde: Web of Science, MEDLINE/PubMed, CINAHL/EBSCO, LILACS, BDENF, SciELO, de 2018 a 2023. Resultados: a amostra foi composta por 18 estudos selecionados de um universo de 784 artigos. A integração dos estudos de formação ética em estudantes de enfermagem gerou duas categorias, associando o fortalecimento de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes dos estudantes em formação e estratégias educacionais ético-morais. Conclusão: na formação em enfermagem é necessário incentivar o desenvolvimento de habilidades e atitudes morais, como sensibilidade moral, empatia, resiliência moral, raciocínio moral, tomada de decisões éticas e agregação de valores profissionais. Contribuições para a prática: este estudo contribui com estratégias de ensino ético-morais para o desenvolvimento de competências ético-morais na enfermagem e para a consolidação de conhecimentos e competências para uma atuação ética, humanística, socialmente comprometida, envolvida com a justiça social e a defesa da vida.
Corporate Social Responsibility and its impact on the Indian Education Sector
Authors:   School of Management, G.D Goenka University, Sohna Gurgaon Road, Gurgaon, Haryana 122103, Singh Arpana , Kaushik Tanuja ,   School of Management, G.D Goenka University, Sohna Gurgaon Road, Gurgaon, Haryana 122103
Published: November 2024

Education is the backbone of any society in this world but the quality of education matter a lot. In India Government has been taken several steps to improve education quality but government effort alone could not do enough. Everyone should give some contribution to improve quality of education. Like government Indian Corporate sectors has been also playing very vital role to enhance education quality through their Corporate Social Responsibility. This paper explains different Initiatives which has been taken by the top Indian corporates for betterment of education and also explore its impact on Indian education sector. Purpose: The aim of the paper is to identify the CSR initiatives of Indian corporations that has a direct impact on educational field of India and to classify which type of activities are involved to support education system of India. Methodology: This study is exploratory followed by descriptive in nature. The study is essentially a review of literature on CSR. Various secondary sources have been used to support this theoretical conceptual research such as recent newspaper articles, available published literature, company reports and government websites. Findings: Since ancient time CSR activities have been adopted by Indian companies. This study found that companies in India are more interested to contribute their CSR activities in education field but study also revealed that much more contribution and efforts have been required than the current contribution. Originality: The paper shares about CSR initiatives of Corporations in field of education to uplift the education infrastructure, system and shaping the knowledge culture for better future. Implications: This study insight on Indian education sector requirement and the significant aspects of CSR initiatives taken by top corporations of India. This study contributes towards the CSR strategy formation of the companies and government for enhancing CSR initiatives for uplifting Indian education sector.
Postoperative Pneumonia Risk in Children With Neurologic and Neuromuscular Disorders
Authors: Strzalkowski Alexander J. , Melvin Patrice , Mauskar Sangeeta , Stringfellow Isabel , Berry Jay G.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Children with neurologic and neuromuscular complex chronic conditions (NNCCCs) undergo various procedures to optimize their health. We assessed the prevalence, characteristics, and risk of postoperative pneumonia (PoP) across surgery types, hospitals, and comorbidities in children with NNCCC.

METHODS

This study is a retrospective analysis of 63 732 inpatient surgical encounters (2016–2020) in 45 freestanding children’s hospitals for patients of any age with NNCCCs in the Pediatric Health Information System database. NNCCCs were distinguished with International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes using Feudtner’s system. PoP within 7 days of surgery was identified with International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification codes with antibiotic exposure (coded documentation of antibiotics being given). PoP likelihood was assessed by type of procedure across hospitals and by clinical characteristics using Rao–Scott χ2 tests and estimating equations.

RESULTS

The prevalence of 7-day PoP was 1.1% (n = 688), with significant variation (P < .001) across hospitals (range: 0.4% to 3.0%). The highest PoP rates were found for bone marrow transplant (12.5%), solid organ transplantation (8.1%), and cardiothoracic surgery (4.5%); the lowest PoP rates included craniofacial/plastic (0.8%) and neurology (0.3%). Patients with ≥4 coexisting chronic conditions had the highest likelihood of acquiring PoP (odds ratio 10.69 [95% confidence interval 6.62–17.25]).

CONCLUSIONS

PoP in children with NNCCCs varied significantly across hospitals and types of surgery. Further investigation is needed to assess how to ameliorate the risk of PoP in children with NNCCCs, especially those with multimorbidity.
Women’s Agency in Schubert’s Vienna
Authors: Unseld Melanie
Published: November 2024

It is one of the fundamental questions of cultural history and one of the still remaining desiderata of research to ask about the scope for action of women in history. This also applies to the period of Schubert’s life, which was characterized by the already strongly gendered term "Biedermeier". The milieu of Schubert’s creative environment was strongly influenced by women such as the Fröhlich sisters, Irene Kiesewetter, Fanny von Arnstein, Caroline Pichler, and several others. While some of these women have already been researched, the connections between female participation in musical culture and women’s agency have rarely been examined from an overarching and interdisciplinary perspective. This insight was the starting point for making "Women's Agency in Schubert's Vienna" the focus of the Schubert Research Center's annual program. Exploring the concept of women's agency in Viennese musical culture around 1800 forms the basis of this volume. The authors approach the topic from various angles: from collecting to composing, from salon practices to singing or playing in both public and domestic settings, with special attention to the challenges of private and semi-private contexts. Also everyday practices are examined to determine the extent of women’s involvement in Viennese music life at the beginning of the nineteenth century.