bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Type 1 diabetes and GAD65 limbic encephalitis: a case report of a 10-year-old girl
Authors: Grilo Ema , Pinto Joana , Caetano Joana Serra , Pereira Helena , Cardoso Patrícia , Cardoso Rita , Dinis Isabel , Pereira Cristina , Fineza Isabel , Mirante Alice
Published: April 2016

Limbic encephalitis is a rare neurological disorder that may be difficult to recognize. Clinical features include memory impairment, temporal lobe seizures and affective disturbance. We report the case of a 10-year-old girl with type 1 diabetes mellitus that presented with seizures, depressed mood and memory changes. The diagnosis of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) mediated limbic encephalitis relied on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging lesions and high serological and cerebrospinal fluid GAD65-antibodies titers. High-dose steroidal therapy was started with clinical improvement. Relapse led to a second high-dose steroid treatment followed by rituximab with remission. A correlation between serum GAD65-antibodies levels and symptoms was found, demonstrating GAD65-antibodies titers may be useful for clinical follow-up and immunotherapy guidance. This report raises awareness of this serious neurological condition that may be associated with type 1 diabetes, underlining the importance of an early diagnosis and prompt treatment for a better prognosis.
Is Transreligious Theology Unavoidable
in Interreligious Theology and Dialogue?
Authors: Gustafson Hans
Published: April 2016

This article investigates whether transreligious theology is unavoidable in the doing of
interreligious theology and dialogue. In so doing, it opens with three examples that point the way to
transreligious theology (Wilfred Cantwell Smith, Keith Ward, and Francis Clooney). Various prefixes are then
defined and distinguished from one another as they are often applied to the term “religious” (uni-, intra-,
multi-, cross-, inter-, and trans-). These prefixes are then applied to the terms “dialogue” (transreligious
dialogue) and “theology” (transreligious theology). In particular, transreligious theology is set apart by a)
taking seriously the fluid and porous borders of religion and religious identities, and b) its requirement of
generating something novel beyond the already established religious traditions. The question is then asked
whether transreligious theology is unavoidable in the context of interreligious theology dialogue, given
the vast complexity of religious identities. The article culminates by addressing two lingering challenges
to transreligious theology, the perceived specter of creeping syncretism and the possibility of “frustration
overload” due to the overwhelming complexity of religions and religious identities.
Grassroots Multiracialism
Authors: Sine Elizabeth E.
Published: April 2016

To explore the historical roots of the multiracial strike actions that took shape in California’s fields during the 1930s, this essay examines the social and cultural practices of Imperial Valley farm workers during the years that preceded the 1930 lettuce strike. It illuminates how cross-racial alliances among Imperial Valley farm workers were shaped by radical traditions that overlapped in the Imperial Valley’s fields, in grassroots knowledge about racial capitalist development in the region, and in the community ties and networks that farm workers forged in the course of their everyday struggles. I ultimately argue that, by 1930, the Imperial Valley saw the crystallization of an oppositional expression of multiracialism at the grassroots. Against dominant patterns of racial competition and hierarchy that governed the region’s political economic development, grassroots expressions of oppositional multiracialism hinged on a sense of mutual interdependence and shared vulnerability that linked the variegated struggles of farm workers with one another. Indicative of neither a unifying political agenda nor a homogenizing “class” or “American” identity, this was a multiracialist politics that treated difference and intersectionality as constitutive features of political solidarity, within a collective struggle against the dehumanizing effects of racial capitalism and U.S. imperialism.
El sistema oral acusatorio en Colombia: Reforma y habitus jurídico
Authors: Moreno Durán Alvaro
Published: April 2016

El presente artículo es el resultado de una investigación en curso de la facultad
de Derecho de la Universidad Santo Tomas de Bogotá, que pretende estudiar los
comportamientos de los “agentes” al verse enfrentados al sistema innovador penal
acusatorio.
La teoría de los campos de Bourdieu es el punto de partida de la investigación para
determinar los aspectos de la sociología jurídica que repercuten en el habitus de los
agentes intervinientes en los litigios. De esta manera el análisis sobre sistema penal
acusatorio y habitus jurídico determinará las variables que resultan, para las partes,
más difíciles de asimilar y aquellas que se apropian fácilmente.
El resultado de la investigación será un apoyo para las discusiones académicas sobre
el tema, en pro de coadyuvar al sistema a establecer los objetivos propuestos nocumplidos y las estrategias de mejoramiento para un litigio más eficaz y un proceso
que garantice a cabalidad los derechos fundamentales.
El umbral de gravedad suficiente del artículo 17 (1) (d) del Estatuto de Roma
Authors: Hoyos García Miguel
Published: April 2016

La Corte Penal Internacional puede conocer de crímenes dentro su competencia,
cuando se cometan en un Estado Parte del Estatuto de Roma o que acepte su
jurisdicción.
No obstante, es necesario que tales casos cumplan con los requisitos del artículo 17
del Estatuto, entre ellos el numeral 1 literal d, que exige la inadmisibilidad cuando
el asunto no sea de gravedad suficiente.
Sin embargo, el Estatuto en ningún momento definió o dio parámetros para determinar
qué se debía entender por “gravedad suficiente”, generando un vacío que se
ha intentado llenar a través de los criterios de admisibilidad adoptados por la Office
of the Prosecutor (OTP) y los pronunciamientos de la SCP (Sala de Cuestiones
Preliminares) –Pre-Trial Chamber-, los cuales presentan falencias.
Aspectos de la regulación TIC en Colombia
Authors: Moreno Duran & Velásquez Jácome Alvaro & Douglas
Published: April 2016

Una de las garantías del estado social de derecho y democrático condensado en la sociedad de la información es que los beneficios de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones-TIC sean accesibles a todos los ciudadanos en condiciones de igualdad.

El sector TIC es bastante denso por tener un gran número de subsectores en continua evolución, generando una cantidad importante de datos que corren por las redes hacia los terminales móviles de los usuarios. ¿En cuáles de ellos debería intervenir la regulación? ¿En cuáles no debe intervenir, dejando que la desregulación actúe para lograr un adecuado desarrollo de la tecnología y una mayor competencia sana que conlleve más penetración de los bienes y servicios que demande el mercado permitiendo la disminución de la brecha tecnológica entre los ciudadanos?
El delito político en Colombia frente al Derecho Internacional Humanitario
Authors: Rincón Bustos & Peñas Felizzola Kateryn & Aura
Published: April 2016

En la Constitución Política colombiana de 1991, el delito político recibe un tratamiento diferencial, preferente, respecto de los delitos comunes, ya que pueden ser indultados o amnistiados por el Presidente; respecto de ellos no procede la extradición y no generan inhabilidades para el ejercicio de cargos públicos. Por ello, en Colombia se debate actualmente, en el contexto de los diálogos de paz, sobre qué delitos pueden considerarse conexos a los delitos políticos. Algunos actores de la política colombiana han interpretado que Colombia no puede aplicar medidas de justicia transicional para conductas punibles como el homicidio contra persona protegida, y atentados a los bienes protegidos por el DIH, pues se estarían incumpliendo obligaciones internacionales derivadas del Estatuto de Roma. Otros sectores de la opinión, por el contrario, han defendido la posibilidad de una amnistía por delitos cometidos en el contexto del conflicto armado, incluidos los atentados a personas y bienes protegidos por el DIH, siempre que no tengan el carácter de sistemáticos, o que no se trate de los máximos responsables. En Colombia no existe un concepto legal o constitucional del delito político pero sí normas y decisiones
judiciales que excluyen de esta categoría ciertas conductas. Al final del artículo, se plantean alternativas que aportan a la superación de uno de los obstáculos jurídicos al proceso de paz.

 
Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody Persistency in a Steroid-Dependent ADEM Case
Authors: Polat İpek , Yiş Uluç , Karaoğlu Pakize , Ayanoğlu Muge , Öztürk Tülay , Güleryüz Handan , Kurul Semra Hız
Published: April 2016

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a candidate target antigen in demyelinating central nervous system diseases, including acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis. It may give prognostic information regarding monophasic or recurrent course of the disease. MOG antibodies have been shown to be positive in high titers during the first episode of ADEM with rapidly decreasing to undetectable limits after recovery. However, persistent MOG antibodies are considered as a predicting factor for multiple sclerosis, optic neuritis relapses, and incomplete recovery of ADEM. Here we report a unique case with persistent MOG antibodies presented with multiphasic ADEM-like attacks. A 6-year-old girl was consulted with encephalopathy, gait disturbance, and oculomotor nerve palsy. Periventricular white matter lesions were seen on cranial magnetic resonance imaging studies. ADEM was diagnosed and treated with steroid. During follow-up, she experienced repeated episodes after steroid therapy termination. We were able to search MOG antibody at the ninth attack. The positivity of this antibody remained. It was thought to be associated with steroid-dependent course, and azathioprine and intravenous human immunoglobulin treatment were added. Patients with persistent MOG antibodies may benefit from addition of immunosuppressant agents, which may decrease the number of attacks.
Enfoque de capacidades y sostenibilidad. Aportaciones de Amartya Sen y Martha Nussbaum
Authors: Colmenarejo Rosa
Published: April 2016

La naturaleza interdisciplinar del “enfoque de las capacidades” (ca, por sus siglas en inglés) ha hecho que su estudio se encuentre diseminado en un amplio espectro de revistas. Así el case ha asentado en las áreas de la filosofía política o la economía del desarrollo, y ha ampliado su alcance al ser utilizado como marco teórico para la creación de indicadores sobre la privación, la calidad de vida o la salud, o bien para abordar las cuestiones de la educación superior o el impacto de la tecnología en la vida de las personas. Se ofrece una visión general sobre los principales conceptos empleados en ese enfoque, buscando distinguir las propuestas de A. Sen y M. Nussbaum, con el fin de analizar la idea de sostenibilidad y su incorporación en la agenda del enfoque.
Estudio sobre la evaluación formativa y compartida en la formación docente en inglés
Authors: Angelini Doffo María Laura
Published: April 2016

El presente artículo recoge los resultados de un estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo sobre la implementación de la evaluación formativa y compartida en la formación de profesorado de la titulación Maestro especialista en Lengua Inglesa. Este modelo de evaluación formativa se llevó a cabo durante dos años consecutivos. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar y analizar los resultados de la puesta en práctica de la evaluación formativa y compartida en alumnado de tercer año de la carrera de Magisterio con especialidad en lengua inglesa. Se realiza una detallada revisión de la literatura, se plantea el procedimiento realizado para obtener los datos que dan cuerpo a la presente investigación y se analizan los datos de los que se extraen las conclusiones. Entre los resultados positivos obtenidos de los estudios cualitativos y cuantitativos, podemos afirmar que la evaluación formativa y compartida incide de manera muy favorable en la implicación del alumnado con la asignatura, realza la calidad de la enseñanza-aprendizaje, propicia un seguimiento cercano y diferenciado del estudiantado, desarrolla competencias lingüísticas y transversales como también permite un mejor rendimiento académico. Asimismo, se encuentran debilidades en el desarrollo de la evaluación, las cuales responden tanto a las inseguridades del alumnado frente a la propuesta de autoevaluación y evaluación de pares como a aspectos formales de la asignatura, concretamente al examen final global cuya implementación fue formalmente mejorada en el presente ciclo lectivo 2015-2016.
New records and distribution extensions of some bird species in the Colombian Andean-Orinoco, department of Meta
Authors: Murillo-Pacheco Johanna I. , Bonilla-Rojas Wilian F.
Published: April 2016

Here we present new records for four bird species to the Andean foothills of the department of Meta in Colombia, and we confirm the occurrence and document range extensions for these in the basin of the Orinoco river. These species are the Pied-billed Grebe, Podilymbus podiceps (Linnaeus 1758), the Yellow-chinned Spinetail, Certhiaxis cinnamomeus (Gmelin 1788), the Yellow-browed Tyrant, Satrapa icterophrys (Viellot 1818), and the Glossy Ibis, Plegadis falcinellus (Linnaeus 1766). We also report new sightings of the Prothonotary Warbler, Protonotaria citrea (Boddaert 1783), Least Grebe, Tachybaptus dominicus (Linnaeus 1766), Oilbird, Steatornis caripensis (Humboldt 1817) and Epaulet Oriole, Icterus cayanensis (Linnaeus 1766) in the Colombian Andean-Orinoco (Meta department).
Thismia panamensis: first record of Thismiaceae for the Brazilian Cerrado in Goiás state
Authors: Guilherme Frederico Augusto G. , Coelho Christiano Peres , Smidt Eric De Camargo , Gomes Daielle Carrijo , Souza Luzia Francisca de
Published: April 2016

We describe the first occurrence of the family Thismiaceae in the Brazilian Cerrado and a new record of Thismia panamensis (Standl.) Jonker for Brazil. We found the species in an urban fragment of semideciduous forest, municipality of Jataí, southeastern Goiás state, Central Plateau Brazil. The record of this achlorophyllous mycoheterotrophic monocot is important, improving the knowledge of the flora of Cerrado domains and giving a better understand of the biogeography of Brazilian mycoheterotrophic angiosperms.
Marcos interpretativos de políticas públicas. El enfoque preventivo de la seguridad en el discurso político de candidatos a presidentes municipales de Guadalajara y Zapopan, Jalisco, México, en las elecciones de 2015
Authors: Amaya Trujillo Janny , Portilla Tinajero Radamanto
Published: April 2016

En este trabajo analizamos los marcos interpretativos desde los que se construyó el tema de la seguridad en el discurso político de los candidatos a las presidencias municipales de Zapopan y Guadalajara, durante las elecciones locales de 2015 en Jalisco-México. Asumimos como perspectiva heurística la teoría del framing. A partir de ella analizamos los supuestos desde los que se construye la seguridad como asunto de política pública.  El resultado del análisis muestra el predominio del enfoque preventivo de la seguridad, en torno al que se estructuran siete marcos específicos: desigualdad, co-responsabilidad, criminalización de los jóvenes, corrupción e incapacidad policial, ocupación del espacio público, hipervigilancia y desvinculación.
Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 Controls Proliferation of Keratinocytes from Children with Van der Woude Syndrome
Authors: Hixon Katherine , Rhea Lindsey , Standley Jennifer , Canady Frank J. , Canady John W. , Dunnwald Martine
Published: April 2016

Objective

Interferon Regulatory Factor 6 (IRF6) is critical for craniofacial development, epidermal differentiation, and tissue repair. IRF6 mutations cause Van der Woude Syndrome (VWS) and Popliteal Pterygium Syndrome. Individuals with VWS exhibit craniofacial anomalies, including cleft lip and palate and lip pits. Furthermore, they have an increased risk for wound-healing complications following surgical repair when compared with patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (NSCLP). However, nothing is known about the skin of these patients. The objective was to characterize the skin of patients with VWS. We hypothesize that IRF6 is required for proper skin homeostasis in humans.

Design

Discarded tissue from a hip was collected during surgical alveolar bone graft. Samples from children with VWS harboring IRF6 mutations ( n = 2) were compared with samples from children with NSCLP ( n = 7). Histology was assessed following hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expressions of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, IRF6, P63, and Keratin 10 were determined by immunofluorescence. Keratinocytes were isolated and their proliferation potential was assessed by colony-forming efficiency assay.

Results

Hip skin from children with VWS showed a thicker epidermis when compared with that from children with NSCLP. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen staining revealed an increase in proliferation in syndromic tissues when compared with controls. However, P63 and Keratin 10 expression were similar between groups. Finally, keratinocytes from VWS showed increased long-term proliferation when compared with NSCLP.

Conclusions

These results support, in vivo and in vitro, a previously described role for IRF6 in epidermal proliferation in humans. They further demonstrate a critical function for IRF6 in cutaneous homeostasis.
Mechanical properties and behaviour of concrete reinforced with spiral-shaped steel fibres under dynamic splitting tension
Authors: Hao Yifei , Hao Hong
Published: April 2016

Concrete exhibits excellent resistance to compressive forces, but is brittle and weak in tension. Various types of fibres have been investigated by many researchers to improve the ductility and energy absorption capability of concrete materials and structures under static and blast and impact loadings. Spiral-shaped steel fibres were recently proposed as reinforcement in a concrete matrix and it was found that spiral fibre reinforcement can significantly improve the ductility, crack control ability and energy absorption capacity of concrete material under static and impact compressive loads. This paper presents an experimental study of the static and dynamic properties of steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) materials under splitting tension. SFRC materials mixed with spiral-shaped steel fibres of different volume fractions were prepared and tested. A high-speed camera was used to capture the deformation, failure and crack opening process of the tested specimens. The contribution of spiral fibres to the mechanical properties and behaviour of concrete at high strain rate under splitting tension was investigated. Analyses of the test results revealed the effectiveness of spiral fibres in improving the performance of SFRC (e.g. crack control, energy absorption capability and more pronounced rate sensitivity under dynamic splitting loading). Moreover, crack opening and closing (pull-back by spiral fibres) processes were observed, demonstrating the excellent bonding and outstanding performance of spiral steel fibres in maintaining the integrity of the concrete material, thus resulting in significant improvements in impact resistance and energy dissipation.
Samstämmighet i lärares bedömning av nationella prov i läsförståelse
Authors: Tengberg Michael , Skar Gustaf
Published: April 2016

Tillförlitlighet i bedömning är en avgörande komponent i varje testprogram där testtagares resultat bygger på bedömares tolkningar utifrån en bedömningsskala eller en bedömningsguide. Utförliga svar på öppna uppgifter bedöms exempelvis sällan som antingen ”rätt” eller ”fel”. Istället tillämpas skalan eller bedömningsguiden för att fastställa i vilken utsträckning svaret uppvisar den efterfrågade kompetensen. I den här artikeln redovisas resultat från en studie av bedömarreliabilitet på öppna uppgifter i det nationella provets i svenska läsförståelsedel i årskurs nio. För att undersöka i vad mån provsystemet skapar förutsättningar för god bedömarreliabilitet har sex lärare fått bedöma tre elevers lösningar av 14 öppna uppgifter, totalt 252 bedömningar. Analyserna innefattar konsensusestimat (procentuell samstämmighet och Cohens kappa) och konsistensestimat (ICC). Dessutom har kvalitativa analyser genomförts på uppgiftsnivå för att undersöka orsaker till låg bedömarreliabilitet för specifika uppgifter. Resultaten från studien visar på moderata nivåer av bedömarreliabilitet, både ifråga om kappavärden (.73) och ICC (.82), vilket motsvarar en variation mellan bedömningarna som får stora konsekvenser för elevernas slutgiltiga provresultat. I artikeln diskuterar vi resultatens implikationer för rättvis bedömning av elevers läsförmåga i Sverige. Vi för också ett resonemang om olika sätt att stärka bedömarreliabiliteten det nationella provet i läsförståelse.
English abstract
Consistency in Teachers' Assessments of National Tests in Literacy
Inter-rater reliability is a critical component in any test program where test-takers’ responses are judged by human raters using scales or scoring rubrics. Lengthy responses to open-ended test items are, for instance, rarely judged objectively as either “correct” or “incorrect”. Rather, rubrics are used to determine the extent to which a particular item response displays the expected competence. This paper reports a study of inter-rater reliability in teachers’ assessment of open-ended items in the Swedish national reading test for 9th grade. In order to explore whether the test design supports reliable assessment, six experienced teachers of Swedish were asked to rate the responses of three students on 14 items, 252 ratings in all. Analyses included consensus estimates (percent agreement and Cohen’s kappa) and consistency estimates (ICC). In addition, qualitative item analyses were performed in order to investigate possible causes of low reliability for specific items. Findings indicate moderate levels of inter-rater reliability according to both kappa (.73) and ICC (.82) values, equaling a variation of ratings with large consequences for the students’ final results. Implications for equal assessment of students’ reading ability in Sweden are discussed, as well as some suggestions for necessary future development of the national reading test.
Secularities, Diversities and Pluralities: Understanding the Challenges of Religious Diversity in Latin America
Authors: Zavala-Pelayo Edgar , Góngora-Mera Manuel
Published: April 2016

Latin America is experiencing today the greatest religious diversity in its entire history. However, it must also be noted that a large number of the growing religious minorities may be classified into types of Christianity with conservative overtones. In this paper we will suggest that the literature streams on multiple secularities in contemporary (Western) societies and religious diversity in Latin America do offer insightful perspectives yet fail to adequately convey the challenges raised by the religious across contemporary Latin America. Addressing Latin America’s historical background, we will distinguish conceptually and empirically among different degrees of secularities, diversities and pluralities and will construct with these distinctions a descriptive-normative model that can guide future analyses of secular and religious phenomena in Latin America. It is only through a comprehensive understanding of diversities, pluralities and secularities that the debates on those human rights crucial for social inclusion—from sexual and reproductive rights to gender and religious equality—can be fruitfully conducted in and beyond Latin America.
Religious Education in Russia: Inter-Faith Harmony or Neo-Imperial Toleration?
Authors: Lisovskaya Elena
Published: April 2016

This paper explores the approach to religious education that has been instituted in Russia since 2012. The new policy’s manifestly proclaimed goals seem convergent with the values of religious freedom, self-determination, tolerance, and inter-faith peace that are espoused by Western liberal democracies. Yet Russia’s hidden religious education curriculum is far more consistent with a neo-imperial model of ethno-religious (Russian Orthodox) hegemony and limited toleration of selected, other faiths whose reach is restricted to politically peripheral ethno-territorial entities. This model embodies and revitalizes Russia’s imperial legacies. Yet the revitalization is, in itself, an outcome of strategic choices made by the country’s religious and secular elites in the course of its desecularization. Building on discourse analysis of five Russian textbooks and a teacher’s manual, this article shows how the neo-imperial model manifests itself in the suppression of exogenous and endogenous pluralism, cultivation of the ideology of “ethnodoxy”, and in essentially imperialist mythology. The paper concludes by predicting the new model’s potential instability.
The Fog of Extremism: Governance, Identity, and Minstrels of Exclusion
Authors: Sajoo Amyn B.
Published: April 2016

An insistent focus on extremism and radicalization with regard to current Islamist trends masks the failures of pluralist citizenship, amid a larger crisis of identity. Whether in Muslim-majority societies or in the Euro-North American diaspora, “Islam” and “politics” are touted as explaining patterns of severe violence by state/non-state actors. Neither category accounts more than superficially for the complexities at hand, which revolve around exclusionary models of identity, faith and civil society. Successful narratives of inclusive citizenship depend on key markers outside of modernist secular orthodoxy. Theologies of inclusion are vital in fostering pluralist civic identities, mindful of the ascendance of puritanical-legalist theologies of exclusion as a salient facet of public cultures. Multiple surveys reveal the depth of exclusivist conservatism in diverse Muslim societies. These stances not only undermine civil society as a locus for engendering pluralist identities, but also undergird the militant trends that dominate the headlines. Targeting militants is often essential—yet is frequently accompanied by the willful alienation of Muslim citizens even within liberal democracies, and a growing “official” sectarianism among Muslim-majority polities. Convergent pluralisms of faith and civic identity are a vital antidote to the fog that obscures the roots as well as the implications of today’s extremist trends.
Signs and Meanings in the Representations of their Home City by the School Pupils of Daugavpils
Authors: Folkmane Mairita , Skulte Ilva
Published: April 2016

Daugavpils historically was the place where different ethnic groups are living together, interacting on the public spaces. The mixture of cultures is represented in the city landscape - home to every inhabitant, still having differents accents, figures and symbolical meanings. The following paper is based on the semiotic analysis of the pictures made by the pupils of different (ethnic) schools of Daugavpils, in order to understand what and how cildren "see" their city - what are the signs they use to construct the message about their city together and what do they mean - how different is a pictorial message. To do the analysis collection of the children drawings was made for an exhibition in the hall of the city munipality of Daugavpils - a material for our research. The findings show that besides of expected reference to different cultural traditions and some aestetical preferences, no difference exists between the way children represent their city. Diversity of cultural footprints in the landscape of the city and the pride for their city is present in the works of children coming from different ethnic, linguistic and cultural environments.
Choral singing tendencies in comprehernsive schools for pupils aged 11-12
Authors: Kepule Iveta
Published: April 2016

At present a new view of culture as a source of creativity and a means of developing a personality’s creative abilities has been shaping in Latvia. It emphasizes a significant contribution of culture to other spheres of the country’s development including education, science and art. Choral music lessons an directed at all pupils, therefore, the aim of the lessons is the full development of each pupil’s musical and choral singing abilities, however, the study analysed in the article, books at different opinions of the 11-12-year-old pupils on choral singing lessons. The aim of the article is to highlight the necessity of choral singing in comprehensive schools in connection with the conclusions drawn in H.Gardner’s „Five Minds for the Future”.
THE FOOD CULTURE OF ESTONIAN STAROVERY (OLD BELIEVERS): TRADITIONS AND THE PRESENT
Authors: Kõivupuu Marju
Published: April 2016

The Russian Starovery are a time-honoured minority in Estonia, having migrated to the western coast of Lake Peipsi from central Russia at the end of the 17th century. The Russian Starovery subsisted mainly on fishing the lakes of Peipsi, Võrtsjärv, Viljandi, and Ladoga, as well as the Gulf of Riga. Besides, they grew chicory, cucumbers, and onions on their small garden plots and worked as masons in Estonian towns and rural areas. During the Soviet era, the Old Believers sold most of their home-grown vegetables to Russia, mainly Leningrad (Petersburg). After Estonia regained independence, the Union of the Estonian Old Believers’ Congregations was also restored in 1995, and in the new economic situation the Old Believers began to look for new ways of earning a living. In addition to road-villages, museums of local history, and chapels, the fish and onion restaurant opened at Kolkja in 1999 has become a central attraction for tourists, allowing them to get acquainted with the Old Believers’ daily culture, including food culture. The author analyzes self-representation and entrance of the Russian Starovery into reindependent Estonia through food culture, dwelling on theoretical presumption that food-culture and eating is an intergral part of human culture. The basis for generalisations is gathering of heritage related to food culture from the Russian Starovery, as well as printed materials and websites where they introduce themselves through food culture. It is indeed noteworthy that the Starovery´s villages along Lake Peipsi are advertised in media and tourism booklets primarily through their characteristic food culture, although the Old Believers’ cuisine – regardless of the religious convictions that have shaped their eating habits – constitutes a mixture of both Estonian (and thereby also Baltic German) and Russian rural and urban food traditions.
Possibilities of Elementary Musical Lessons for Children Communication Skills
Authors: Kušnere Sandija
Published: April 2016

Object of the paper - explore the possibilities of musical lesson for the child for communication skills. The paper was used for theoretical metod - analysis of scientific literature and empirical research method – pedagogical observations of individual and group lessons. Theoretically and practically explored and described possibilities of music lessons for communication skills. The author main conclusions of the study: 1. By participating in the musical play, children are encouraged musical hearing, physical coordination, language development, emotional and social development, communication and independence skills, etc. 2. When creating classesmodels to integrate all the musical creativity components (singing, musical hearing, instrument performance, listening to music and musical play) according to the child’s level of development, which is found in the cooperation process. Then the children are motivated to participate in their own musical improvisations through which benefits their musical development and communication skills. 3. Working in the music developed models child learn new characters and concepts, learn to listen and rely on emotional song with likes and dislikes, developing musical and timbral hearing, and the metro rhythm. It also contributes to thinking, imagination, language development, speech understanding, communication skills, physical coordination, ability to independently develop creative musical improvisation, and gradually formed the experience of the music world.
The Integrative Approach in the Process of Studying Conducting
Authors: Marnauza Māra
Published: April 2016

Many-sided activity of a conductor requires not only wide knowledge and skills in different areas of music, but also knowledge in interaction and management, verbal and non-verbal communication skills, skills in choir management, that determines the necessity to use an integrative approach in the study process of conducting. The aim of the study is to research the peculiarities of integrated approach used in study process of conducting, to work out the criteria for evaluation of conductor’s professional readiness and the ideal model of conductor. The methods used in the study are the analisis of literature, modelling, questionnaire and acquirement. The purposfullness in the choice of study content is promoted by criteria of conductors professional readiness: the self-acknowledgment for a conductor as a musician, communicative skills for conductor as a personality in interaction, self-management for a conductor as a choir manager.
The Historical and Artistic Aspects of the Latvian School Youth Dance Festival
Authors: Spalva Rita
Published: April 2016

As the idea of the national significance of the festival in the life of each inhabitant of Latvia developed, starting from 1960 the School Youth Song and Dance Festival became an independent movement. The School Youth Song and Dance Festival is included into the UNESCO celebration and event calendar, by marking its 50th anniversary and recognizing the role of this tradition in preserving and inheriting the general Baltic song and dance tradition. Therefore the Latvian School Youth Song and Dance Festival has become a significant culturally historical event of a global scale. The article analyzes the preconditions for development of such a dance festival, by emphasizing the contribution of the 10th School Youth Dance Festival (2011) to the development of this tradition. Yet the key benefit lies in the fact that the Dance Festival ensures the inheritence of the tradition in all generations, it enhances the interest of the society in traditional culture and, in the globalized times, maintains the national peculiarities of a small nation.
Importance of Religion for the Survival and Development of an Ethnic Group of People
Authors: Vilmane Nora
Published: April 2016

The research deals with the emigration of Latvians to Brazil in the 19th and 20th centuries, its motives and goals. It contains the analysis of religious traditions and activities in the Latvian colony Vārpa and their role in the development of the community of Latvian diaspora. A unique phenomenon – activities of Latvian missionaries – has been examined and evaluated in the context of facilitating the inhabitants’ spiritual development in remote regions of Brazil and Bolivia. During several expeditions (1999, 2001, 2009) the author has studied the basic values and way of life of the Latvian diaspora in Brazil in the 21st century. It has to be concluded that among Latvians both the ethnic and religious identity is still strong. The interaction of these two phenomena has ensured qualitative development of several generations of Latvians as well as their successful integration in the local multicultural society.
Folk music in the repertoire of the amateur student choir
Authors: Kosiborod Olga
Published: April 2016

This paper examines the problem of student band repertoire policy and the use of folk songs the concert - performing practice is. The goal is to consider some theoretical aspects related to the folklore and folklorisation of choral academic singing and practice of implementing it in the field of amateur choral performances. The oretical studies of domestic scientists and practical work of the author were used as a methodological basis for the article. Folk song was, is and will be a critical component of the musical culture and it is, naturally, presented in the repertoire of the student collective works of this genre and is the most important component for the implementation of all socio - cultural functions inherent in the amateur team.
THE ROLE OF PHILATELY IN MUSICAL EDUCATION AND CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTION
Authors: Makris Ioannis
Published: April 2016

In our increasingly diverse societies, it is essential to ensure harmonious interaction among peoples and groups with plural, varied, and dynamic cultural identities as well as a willingness to co-exist. Therefore, the fostering of dialogue among cultures and peoples can only occur on the basis of the recognition of and respect for cultural diversity. In this context, for the dialogue and the interaction across the cultures, educators need to create educational actions and strategies so that cross-cultural dialogue and interaction may take place. Philately and music are two tools that can help teachers in that direction. Philately is the study of stamps, postal history, and other related items. Philately is an incredible journey into the world of stamps which give a unique view of the history and culture of a country. Stamp collections entail a wide range of topics. In this paper, we considered it useful to confine to thematics related to music, musical instruments, great musicians, etc. The present study aims at showing how specific stamp thematics can be used as a means towards teaching music and, in particular, history of music; musical instruments; and ethnomusicology. It also aims at highlighting how students, through observation and research, can discover information about other cultures and nations by taking up a creative and affordable hobby that is both educational and fun. Last, the present research focuses on how philately and stamp collections related to music can become an effective educational tool for teachers and the educational system towards promoting cross-cultural dialogue and interaction.
The Aspects of Latvian Traditional Culture and Multiculturalism in the Acquiring of Textile Technologies
Authors: Urdziņa-Deruma Māra , Šelvaha Lolita , Kokina-Lilo Mārīte
Published: April 2016

Under development of globalization, there is an essential question in each field of education regarding balance of traditional Latvian cultural values and multiculturalism. Despite plenty of activities performed in Latvia in the field of multicultural education, in the subject of home economics and technologies the multicultural education has mostly appeared as bilingual education in national minority schools. There are many opportunities in multicultural education and Latvian traditional culture that have not been used in the acquisition of home economics and technologies. The aim of this research is to evaluate the educational opportunities of Latvian traditional culture and multicultural education during the process of mastering textile technologies. In the article conception of Latvian traditional culture and multicultural education is analysed and its determinative aspects are examined. A case study has been performed in order to analyse and evaluate the content of textile study course and the learning process as well as students’ concluding tasks regarding teaching methodology of textile and textile articles made by pupils within the frame of State Olympiad of household, home economics and technologies called “Ethnography”. In all courses designed for the prospective teachers of home economics and technologies as well as household elements of traditional and multicultural education are included. When acquiring traditional culture, textile techniques, forms and elements of composition, teaching of colours and materials, very often comparisons, illustrations and explanations in terms of traditional culture of other nations are used for comprehension of the subject. Specific tasks are made for acquiring culture of Latvia and other nations. Students make copies of fragments of completed articles and learn the technologies of making traditional articles. Several students in their graduation papers have studied the opportunities of acquiring traditional values of Latvian and other nationalities’ cultures in studies of home economics and technologies. The analysis of works completed in the Olympiad „Ethnography” shows that students make varied creative compositions, using ethnographic symbols as source of inspiration, and implement them in various textile techniques. At the end of the article proposals and conclusions regarding development of Latvian traditional culture and multicultural education studies for the prospective teachers of home economics and technologies are drawn. It is necessary to improve the content of home economics and technologies’ subject as well as the methodological approach in order to implement both traditional and multicultural education in schools and high-schools in the studies of the prospective teachers of home economics and technologies.
Positional principle in practice of training to game on the keyboard of organno-piano type
Authors: Algin Sergei
Published: April 2016

Questions of perfection of technical skill of the musician attracted performers, teachers, academics at all times. This interminable problem of musical pedagogy represented by various schools of performance: L. S. Auer, R. N. Bazhilin, L. A. Barenbojm, O. A. Bloh, F. B. Buzoni, V. P. Vlasov, L. Godovsky, A. B. Goldenvejzer, I. Hoffmann, N. A. Davidov. M. Egorov, M. I. Imhanitsky, A. D. Korto, N. A. Kravtsov, Ф. R. Lips, F. List, V. H. Mazel, K. A. Martinsen, and. M. Mirek, M. Moshkovsky, G. G. Nejgauz, A. I. Poletaev, N. I. Rizol, V. A. Semyonov, S. E. Fejnberg, G. M. Tsypin, G. I. Shahov, F. F. Chopin, O. F. Shulpjakov, Ю. G. Jastrebov and many other. However, questions of technical training of musicians – performers by positional principle as basis of the organization of moves in musical performance are not enough developed in musical pedagogy. In the majority of the theoretical works, to some extent concerning questions of perfection of technical skill, this problem is not considered as system, in a complex. Till now there is no accurate definition, there is no unified valid term, which would be considered theoretically. All it leads to set of various approaches to studying this question and essentially reduces process of preparation of professional musicians – performers in the field of performance on musical instruments. So, this article is devoted for one of the main elements in development of performing technique on the keyboard of organ-piano type (a piano, an accordion, Kravtsov's free – bases keyboard) – for a positional principle. The concept and structure are considered of the given principle, and also are given some methodical recommendations about its realization. As the basic material for this article are used monographs, articles, the dissertational researches devoted to questions of development of the performing technique, considering various sides of positional principle of training have served. In article are used as general-theoretical methods (the analysis, generalization, ordering), and empirical (supervision). The basic conclusion of article is that the positional principle allows to add and concretize a number of the important questions in the theory and method of training on the organ-piano keyboard, concerning formations of method of performance of the musician and to approach more effectively to development of highly skilled experts in the field of performance by musical instruments, and also produce propitious conditions for technical development of mechanical skills of the musician and brings for it technique, discipline and organization.
Representation of Latvian Mithology in works of Hilda Vika
Authors: Celmiņa-Ķeirāne Austra , Grūbe Signe
Published: April 2016

The paper includes the study on activities of the Latvian painter and writer Hilda Vika - Eglīte (1897-1963) in the field of visual art (mostly painting) connected with Latvian mythology. Latvian myth characters and themes came into H. Vika’s creative work after 1930 when she married writer and reviewer Viktors Eglitis and resorted to “Dievturība” (Latvian Neopagan religious movement based on folklore, old folk songs and mythology). Actively and productively working H. Vika participated in numerous group art exhibitions. Her individual vision, decorative solutions of composition and stylized details brought in Latvian painting unusual and essentially different intonations being contemporary at the same time. The research is pointing out H. Vika’s artworks published in various sources with identifiable mythological scenes and motifs and analysing the principles of creating visual images of characters and potential impact. Memories and reviews of contemporaries, art historians and critics are used as additional material. Latvian “Dievs” (the God in the pre-Christian religion of Balts) in painter's works is indefinable age man with light-colored (possibly gray) hair and long pale coat, the image is often surrounded by a bright halo or supplement ethnographic characters. Laima’s and Mara’s ambivalence, which lies in the folk songs where these Latvian deities operate in both - positive (cradle hanging, fertility promotion) as well as harmful or fatal aspects, in H. Vika’s paintings is completely disappeared. Laima only appears as a bright image bearing blessing alongside with Dievs and Mara. H. Vika’s Mara is depicted as the goddess of good fortune and patroness of all feminine duties and as a deity related to the person's birth and initiation rites. Sun and Sun's daughters are painted with light colour tones, dynamic compositional solutions and original interpretation of national folk costumes, supplemented with Latvian characters. H. Vika often minded the question of life and death, the end of human earthly life, and Latvian Velu mate (Mother of the souls / spirits) vividly symbolizes this theme in her works. In most cases, Velu mate is portrayed as a woman with a headscarf or woolen shawl, partly or completely covering her face, as a symbol of unknown and mysterious, the human encounters after the death. The artist focused on mythological themes with great interest and excitement, creating visual images corresponding to a Latvian folklore and ethnographic heritage and representing the external manner reminding Fra Angelico and Botticelli's painting or impact of Russian school and German neo-romanticism.