bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: DoseMapper: A validated GUI‐based exact numerical modeling method of shielding in PET/CT facilities
Authors: Hermansen Jonas S. , Fonslet Jesper , Søndergaard Lasse R.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

To provide a faster and more intuitive way of designing shielding for PET facilities, while still relying on the principles of the AAPM 108 Taskforce guidelines, as well as illustrating the calculation output using dose maps that are easily evaluated.

Methods

A graphical user interface was developed, implementing an inverse AAPM method, wherein radiation sources and shield barriers are manually defined. Simulations are calculated using a user‐defined control mesh grid. DoseMapper simulations were verified against manual calculations using the AAPM guidelines, as well as compared with in situ dose rate measurements using four different dosemeters.

Results

DoseMapper simulations were virtually identical to manual calculations using AAPM guidelines, with a maximum relative error of <0.01%. Comparison with in situ measurements showed that DoseMapper‐simulated dose rates in all instances are higher than what can be measured, ensuring that no unintended hotspots can be overlooked in the shielding design.

Conclusions

DoseMapper is an easy to use implementation of the AAPM 108 Taskforce principles that allows for a rapid iterative design process of shielding in PET facilities, and the resulting maps of dose rate and annual accumulated dose serve as clear documentation for the design.
Resolving the complexity of vitellogenins and their receptors in the tetraploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar): Ancient origin of the phosvitin‐less VtgC in chondrichthyean fishes
Authors: Andersen Øivind , Xu Chunxia , Timmerhaus Gerrit , Kirste Katrine Hånes , Næve Ingun , Mommens Maren , Tveiten Helge
Published: August 2017

Egg yolk proteins are mainly derived from vitellogenin (Vtg), and serve as essential nutrients during early development in oviparous organisms. Vertebrate Vtgs are predominantly synthesized in the liver of maturing females, and are internalized by the oocyte after binding to specific surface receptors (VtgR). Here, we clarify the evolutionary history of vertebrate Vtgs, including the teleost VtgC, which lacks phosvitin, and investigate the repertoire of Vtgs and VtgRs in the tetraploid Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Conserved synteny of the vtg genes in elephant fish (Callorhinchus milii) strongly indicates that the vtg gene cluster was present in the ancestor of tetrapods and ray‐finned fish. The shortened phosvitin in the VtgC ortholog of this chondrichthyean fish may have resulted from early truncation events that eventually allowed the total disappearance of phosvitin in teleost VtgC. In contrast, the tandem‐duplicated VtgCs identified in the spotted gar (Lepisosteus oculatus) both contain the phosvitin domain. The Atlantic salmon genome harbors four vtg genes encoding the complete VtgAsa1, phosvitin‐less VtgC, and truncated VtgAsb proteins; vtgAsa2 is a pseudogene. The three vtg genes were mainly expressed in the liver of maturing females, and the vtgAsa1 transcript predominated prior to spawning. The splice variant lacking the O‐linked sugar domain dominated ovarian expression of vtgr1 and vtgr2. Strongly increased vtgAsa1 expression during vitellogenesis contrasted with the peaks of vtgr1 and vtgr2 in the previtellogenic oocytes, which gradually decreased over the same period. Recycling of the oocyte VtgRs is probably not sufficient to maintain receptor number during vitellogenesis.
Data‐driven mapping of hypoxia‐related tumor heterogeneity using DCE‐MRI and OE‐MRI
Authors: Featherstone Adam K. , O'Connor James P.B. , Little Ross A. , Watson Yvonne , Cheung Sue , Babur Muhammad , Williams Kaye J. , Matthews Julian C. , Parker Geoff J.M.
Published: August 2017

Purpose

Previous work has shown that combining dynamic contrast‐enhanced (DCE)‐MRI and oxygen‐enhanced (OE)‐MRI binary enhancement maps can identify tumor hypoxia. The current work proposes a novel, data‐driven method for mapping tissue oxygenation and perfusion heterogeneity, based on clustering DCE/OE‐MRI data.

Methods

DCE‐MRI and OE‐MRI were performed on nine U87 (glioblastoma) and seven Calu6 (non‐small cell lung cancer) murine xenograft tumors. Area under the curve and principal component analysis features were calculated and clustered separately using Gaussian mixture modelling. Evaluation metrics were calculated to determine the optimum feature set and cluster number. Outputs were quantitatively compared with a previous non data‐driven approach.

Results

The optimum method located six robustly identifiable clusters in the data, yielding tumor region maps with spatially contiguous regions in a rim‐core structure, suggesting a biological basis. Mean within‐cluster enhancement curves showed physiologically distinct, intuitive kinetics of enhancement. Regions of DCE/OE‐MRI enhancement mismatch were located, and voxel categorization agreed well with the previous non data‐driven approach (Cohen's kappa = 0.61, proportional agreement = 0.75).

Conclusion

The proposed method locates similar regions to the previous published method of binarization of DCE/OE‐MRI enhancement, but renders a finer segmentation of intra‐tumoral oxygenation and perfusion. This could aid in understanding the tumor microenvironment and its heterogeneity. Magn Reson Med 79:2236–2245, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Translation and validation of the arabic version of the revised 15‐item myasthenia gravis quality‐of‐life questionnaire
Authors: Alanazy Mohammed H. , Abuzinadah Ahmad R. , Muayqil Taim
Published: August 2017

Introduction: We sought to translate, culturally adapt, and assess the Arabic version of the 15‐item myasthenia gravis quality‐of‐life revised scale (MGQOL15R). Methods: We assessed reliability with Cronbach α; reproducibility with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC); validity with Spearman correlations for myasthenia gravis (MG)‐specific activities of daily living (MG‐ADL), MG composite (MGC) score, and MG manual muscle test (MG‐MMT) and with MGQOL15R in patients with different disease severity through the Kruskal–Wallis test; and sensitivity to change with Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Results: In 65 enrolled patients, the mean MGQOL15R score was 10.84 ± 8.11 (α = 0.94, ICC = 0.95). The correlation coefficients between MGQOL15R and MGC, MG‐ADL, and MG‐MMT scores were 0.75, 0.75, and 0.74, respectively (P < 0.001). MGQOL15R scores were significantly higher (worse) in patients with more severe disease at baseline and significantly lower (better) in improved patients at follow‐up. Discussion: The Arabic version of MGQOL15R is valid, reliable, stable, and sensitive to changes. Muscle Nerve 57: 581–585, 2018
The adaptive response of skeletal muscle: What is the evidence?
Authors: Salmons Stanley
Published: August 2017

Adult skeletal muscle is capable of adapting its properties in response to changing functional demands. This now sounds like a statement of the obvious, and many people assume it has always been this way. A mere 40 years ago, however, the picture was entirely different. In this Review and personal memoir, I outline the scientific context in which the theory was generated, the objections to it from entrenched opinion, and the way those objections were progressively met. The material should be of some historical interest, but, more importantly, it collects together the full range of evidence on which the current paradigm is based. Muscle Nerve 57: 531–541, 2018
Damage identification using inverse analysis in coupled thermo‐hydro‐mechanical problems applied to masonry dams
Authors: Nguyen‐Tuan Long , Könke Carsten , Bettzieche Volker , Lahmer Tom
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we propose a method to detect the damage and estimate the degree of damage by means of a multifield‐based inverse analysis. The fields being considered are displacement, temperature, and water pressure. Furthermore, the uncertainties due to the size of the damage, the errors in the measurement data, and the errors in the model parameters are also investigated. The uncertainty due to the measurements is quantified by assuming different sources of noise in the measurements. The inverse problem is solved repeatedly by a sampling process. The uncertainties in the inverse solutions can be quantified by their probability distributions. This method can be applied to identify damages in masonry dams using coupled nonlinear thermo‐hydro‐mechanical problems.
NFV‐FD: Implementation of a failure detector using network virtualization technology
Authors: Turchetti Rogerio C. , Duarte Jr. Elias P.
Published: August 2017

A failure detector (FD) is a classic distributed systems service that can be used to monitor processes of any network application. Failure detectors provide process state information: A process is reported to be either correct or suspected to have crashed. In this work, we propose the implementation of a process monitoring service using Network Function Virtualization (NFV) in an OpenFlow network. The NFV is a technology that uses software virtualization techniques to drastically reduce the cost of deploying and managing network functions that are usually available as middleboxes. We describe NFV‐FD, a network service that provides information about the state of both processes and links. The NFV‐FD relies on an OpenFlow controller from which monitoring information is obtained. We investigate different ways to implement NFV‐FD. We evaluate the performance impact of monitoring by implementing the virtual function both within and on a separate host from the controller. Then we compare an implementation based on a traditional virtual machine with another implementation based on containers. Experimental results are reported not only in terms of performance, ie, the amount of resources required by NFV‐FD, but also for the quality of service provided by the failure detection and notification functions as they are used to deploy a reliable broadcast service.
The Backbone Packet Radio Network coloring for Time Division Multiple Access link scheduling in Wireless Multihop Networks
Authors: Rocha Leonardo , Sasaki Diana
Published: August 2017

A radio network consists of a set of transceiver nodes in space that communicate using broadcast radio. Since communication is done over a shared medium, transmissions are subject to collisions. Different Medium Access Control techniques are used to avoid such collisions and subsequent data loss. In this article, we study Time Division Multiple Access link scheduling in Wireless Multihop Networks. We generalize the packet radio network (PRN)‐coloring model that was used in previous works to obtain the Backbone PRN (BPRN)‐coloring. The BPRN‐coloring captures the fact that typically only a subset of links need to be scheduled, corresponding to the backbone network. We study the BPRN‐coloring and the corresponding BPRN‐chromatic index considering a rooted tree as backbone, motivated by applications in Wireless Sensor Networks. The BPRN‐chromatic index is determined when the whole graph is either a complete graph or a cycle, and we give partial results in the case of a bipartite graph. We show that determining the BPRN‐chromatic index is NP‐hard even when the network graph is bipartite, and the backbone is an oriented tree toward a root vertex. Finally, we model a ring topology as the power of a cycle graph and give an upper bound on the BPRN‐chromatic index. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 71(4), 403–411 2018
Patient involvement for improved patient safety: A qualitative study of nurses’ perceptions and experiences
Authors: Skagerström Janna , Ericsson Carin , Nilsen Per , Ekstedt Mirjam , Schildmeijer Kristina
Published: August 2017

Aim

To explore nurses’ perceptions and experiences of patient involvement relevant to patient safety.

Design

Qualitative design using individual semi‐structured interviews.

Methods

Interviews with registered nurses (n = 11) and nurse assistants (n = 8) were conducted in 2015–2016. Nurses were recruited from five different healthcare units in Sweden. The material was analysed using conventional content analysis.

Results

The analysis resulted in four categories: healthcare professionals’ ways of influencing patient involvement for safer care; patients’ ways of influencing patient involvement for safer care; barriers to patient involvement for safer care; and relevance of patient involvement for safer care. The nurses expressed that patient involvement is a shared responsibility. They also emphasized that healthcare provider has a responsibility to create opportunities for the patient to participate. According to the nurses, involvement can be hindered by factors related to the patient, the healthcare provider and the healthcare system. However, respondents expressed that patient involvement can lead to safer care and benefits for individual patients.
The Design of Radical Stacks: Nitronyl‐Nitroxide‐Substituted Heteropentacenes
Authors: Tretyakov Evgeny , Keerthi Ashok , Baumgarten Martin , Veber Sergey , Fedin Matvey , Gorbunov Dmitry , Shundrina Inna , Gritsan Nina
Published: August 2017

The first alkyl chain‐anchored heteropentacene, dithieno[2,3‐d;2′,3′‐d′]benzo‐[1,2‐b;3,4‐b′]dithiophene (DTmBDT), mono‐ or disubstituted with a nitronyl nitroxide group has been prepared through a cross‐coupling synthetic procedure of the corresponding dibromo‐derivative (Br2‐DTmBDT) with a nitronyl nitroxide‐2‐ide gold(I) complex. The synthesized nitroxides possess high kinetic stability, which allowed us to investigate their structure and thermal, optical, electrochemical, and magnetic properties. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction of both mono‐ and diradicals revealed that the nitronyl nitroxide group lies almost in the same plane as the nearest side thiophene ring. Such arrangement favors formation of edge‐to‐edge dimers, which then form close π‐stacks surrounded by interdigitating alkyl chains. Before melting, these nitronyl nitroxide radical substituted molecules undergo at least two different phase transitions (PTs): for the monoradical, PTs are reversible, accompanied by hysteresis, and occur near 13 and 83 °C; the diradical upon heating shows a reversible PT with hysteresis in the temperature range 2–11 °C and an irreversible PT near 135 °C. PTs of this type are absent in Br2‐DTmBDT. Therefore, the step‐by‐step substitution of bromine atoms by nitronyl nitroxide groups changes the structural organization of DTmBDT and induces the emergence of PTs. This knowledge may facilitate crystal engineering of π‐stacked paramagnets and related molecular spin devices.
Global warming and sustainability: Understanding the beliefs of marketing faculty
Authors: Kemper Joya A. , Ballantine Paul W. , Hall C. Michael
Published: August 2017

Addressing climate change and sustainability topics in university research and teaching is paramount; however, the majority of marketing studies and courses do not examine these concepts. We investigate global warming beliefs and the sustainability values, attitudes, and beliefs of marketing faculty to understand how these may impact upon the state of sustainability research and teaching within the marketing academy. Using an online survey method, marketing faculty were surveyed from around the world. We found that belief in global warming was high and that this was affected by political ideology and research area. We also found broad perceptions of sustainability (i.e., beyond the environmental domain) in marketing faculty, possibly more so than previous higher education studies have revealed. However, a greater belief in market ideology to solve sustainability issues also exists. We found significant effects or associations between gender, political ideology, religion, expertise, region of current residence, and region of conferred highest degree on sustainability beliefs (definition, conception, and attitudes). Considering that we find a high belief in global warming and a broad and holistic understanding and positive attitude towards sustainability, questions remain about why only limited research and teaching has been done on the intersection between marketing and sustainability.
“One size fits all”? Convergence in international corporate social responsibility communication—A comparative study ofCSRmission statements in the United States and India
Authors: Fifka Matthias S. , Kühn Anna‐Lena , Stiglbauer Markus
Published: August 2017

So far, no study has investigated determinants that shape corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication in mission statements, as previous studies have focused on CSR reports and homepages. Our study, which is based on institutional theory, fills this gap. By conducting a directed content analysis of the statements of 200 listed companies in the United States and India, we examine the content conveyed with respect to 5 CSR dimensions, the 5 most prominent stakeholder groups, and additional components of CSR mission statements. Moreover, we examine whether Unted States and Indian companies' CSR communication varies according to their (a) home country, (b) industry affiliation, (c) degree of internationalization, (d) company size, (e) profitability, (f) founding year, (g) length of the CSR mission statement, and (h) compliance with the guidelines of the Global Reporting Initiative. Whereas the findings reveal that the companies' home country, degree of internationalization, and size have no considerable bearing on their CSR communication, we evidence that their communication can be explained by their industry affiliation, the profitability ratio return on assets, founding year, length of the statement, and compliance with the Global Reporting Initiative guidelines. Moreover, we explain the cross‐country conformity of CSR communication by a convergence towards global and universal CSR communication approaches.
Synthesis of naringin‐based polymer brushes via seATRP
Authors: Chmielarz Paweł
Published: August 2017

The flavonoid‐based macromolecule initiator was prepared for the first time by the transesterification reaction of naringin with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide. In accordance with the “grafting from” methodology, a naringin‐based copolymer brush with a polar naringenine‐7‐rhamnosidoglucoside core and an amphiphilic poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PMMA‐b‐PNIPAM) side chains was synthesized for the first time via a simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP (seATRP), utilizing only 40 ppm of catalytic complex. The rate of the polymerizations was controlled by applying optimal potential or current values during preparative electrolysis to prevent the possibility of intermolecular coupling of the growing polymer brushes. Naturally derived polymer brushes showed narrow molecular weight distributions (Đ = 1.06−1.08). 1H NMR spectral results confirm the formation of citrus‐based polymer brushes. These new naringin‐based polymer materials may find biomedical applications as thermo‐sensitive drug delivery systems, membranes, and biologically active thin films in tissue engineering.
Cellulose microcrystal improved interphase of ramie fiber‐reinforced epoxy resin composites
Authors: Zhang Kaomin , Zhao Yan , Dong Xiang , Li Ruyan
Published: August 2017

This article investigated the effect of cellulose microcrystal (CMC) and low molecular polyamide (PA650) on the mechanical and water absorption properties of ramie fiber‐reinforced epoxy composites. Results showed that coating mixture of CMC and PA650 (CMC/PA650) on the surface of ramie fiber improved the interfacial adhesion strength of ramie fiber/epoxy composites. As a result, the flexural strength, flexural modulus, and interlaminar shear strength of PA650/CMC‐coated ramie fabric‐reinforced epoxy composites (CPRFC) were 10.6%, 8.1%, and 7.4% higher than those of ramie fabric without coating reinforced epoxy composites (RFC). Additionally, saturated water absorption of CPRFC was reduced by 40.5% and 31.5% than that of RFC and PRFC, it seems that a water‐resistant interphase exists in the CPRFC and it is more efficient at the early stage of water immersion. However, without filling of CMC in PA650, lowest flexural modulus and highest flexural strain of the composites were found. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E2207–E2216, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mediated Disposition–Environment Transactions: The Dae Model
Authors: Asendorpf Jens B. , Motti–Stefanidi Frosso
Published: August 2017

We propose a new model of personality development, the disposition– adaptation–environment (DAE) model. It is based on the assumption that two types of individual characteristics can be distinguished: Dispositions make up the relatively stable core of personality at a particular age, and adaptations are the joint outcome of effects of dispositions and environmental characteristics and mediate transactions between dispositions and environments. Whereas distinctions between dispositions and adaptations have been drawn before, the DAE model is unique in that it (i) entails testable hypotheses whether individual characteristics are adaptations or dispositions, (ii) is based on quasi–causal cross–lagged effects, (iii) assigns adaptations a functional role as longitudinal mediators of disposition–environment transaction, and (iv) is developmentally sensitive. We illustrate application of the DAE model with a three–wave longitudinal study of 1118 adolescents who were observed from the first to the third year in middle school, using the Big Five as dispositions, conduct and self–esteem with peers as adaptations, and peer acceptance and rejection as the environmental measures. Hypotheses–driven and exploratory analyses were combined to yield both safe conclusions and novel hypotheses. We compare the model with other models of personality development and discuss extensions that include stable genetic and socio–economic effects. Copyright © 2017 European Association of Personality Psychology
The Proteome of Ulcerative Colitis in Colon Biopsies from Adults ‐ Optimized Sample Preparation and Comparison with Healthy Controls
Authors: Schniers Armin , Anderssen Endre , Fenton Christopher Graham , Goll Rasmus , Pasing Yvonne , Paulssen Ruth Hracky , Florholmen Jon , Hansen Terkel
Published: August 2017

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to optimize the sample preparation and to further use an improved sample preparation to identify proteome differences between inflamed ulcerative colitis tissue from untreated adults and healthy controls.

Experimental design

To optimize the sample preparation, we studied the effect of adding different detergents to a urea containing lysis buffer for a Lys‐C/trypsin tandem digestion. With the optimized method, we prepared clinical samples from six ulcerative colitis patients and six healthy controls and analysed them by LC‐MS/MS. We examined the acquired data to identify differences between the states.

Results

We improved the protein extraction and protein identification number by utilizing a urea and sodium deoxycholate containing buffer. Comparing ulcerative colitis and healthy tissue, we found 168 of 2366 identified proteins differently abundant. Inflammatory proteins are higher abundant in ulcerative colitis, proteins related to anion‐transport and mucus production are lower abundant. A high proportion of S100 proteins is differently abundant, notably with both up‐regulated and down‐regulated proteins.

Conclusion and clinical relevance

The optimized sample preparation method will improve future proteomic studies on colon mucosa. The observed protein abundance changes and their enrichment in various groups improve our understanding of ulcerative colitis on protein level.
Rules for connectivity of secondary structure elements in protein: Two–layer αβ sandwiches
Authors: Minami Shintaro , Chikenji George , Ota Motonori
Published: August 2017

In protein structures, the fold is described according to the spatial arrangement of secondary structure elements (SSEs: α‐helices and β‐strands) and their connectivity. The connectivity or the pattern of links among SSEs is one of the most important factors for understanding the variety of protein folds. In this study, we introduced the connectivity strings that encode the connectivities by using the types, positions, and connections of SSEs, and computationally enumerated all the connectivities of two‐layer αβ sandwiches. The calculated connectivities were compared with those in natural proteins determined using MICAN, a nonsequential structure comparison method. For 2α‐4β, among 23,000 of all connectivities, only 48 were free from irregular connectivities such as loop crossing. Of these, only 20 were found in natural proteins and the superfamilies were biased toward certain types of connectivities. A similar disproportional distribution was confirmed for most of other spatial arrangements of SSEs in the two‐layer αβ sandwiches. We found two connectivity rules that explain the bias well: the abundances of interlayer connecting loops that bridge SSEs in the distinct layers; and nonlocal β‐strand pairs, two spatially adjacent β‐strands located at discontinuous positions in the amino acid sequence. A two‐dimensional plot of these two properties indicated that the two connectivity rules are not independent, which may be interpreted as a rule for the cooperativity of proteins.
CCPS project 246: Second edition of the guidelines for siting and layout of facilities
Authors: Vaughen Bruce K. , Timm Martin , Connolley Donald , Cowley Charles
Published: August 2017

The second edition of the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) Guidelines for Siting and Layout of Facilities (2017) has been written to address the many developments in the last decade which have improved how companies survey and select new sites, evaluate acquisitions, or expand their existing facilities. By updating the title of the first edition issued in 2003, Guidelines for Facility Siting and Layout, it has been emphasized that this book focuses not only on siting of buildings and unit operations within a facility, but also on siting of facilities within a community. This guideline addresses issues for those involved in business and project development of processes with hazardous materials and energies, provides guidance for facility layout experts, and provides information for authorities and the public involved in the project's approval. In addition, this edition adds discussions on how the life cycle and long‐term risks of the facility are addressed, how toxic dispersions and the effects of explosions are modeled, how changes can be more effectively managed, and how to select the optimal distances between the equipment. This article will provide an overview of the changes to the first edition, as well as provide an overview of the significant reviews and updates to the appendices containing the recommended separation distances and checklists that will help the teams obtain the information they need when locating the project, when arranging the processes, and when arranging the equipment. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 37: 311–321, 2018
Failure analysis of a twin‐screw pump shaft
Authors: Xu Shugen , Zhang Yuan , Wang Chong , Sun Zhiwei , Wang Shengkun , Zhao Yanling
Published: August 2017

A failure analysis was performed on a fractured twin‐screw pump shaft. Through the analysis of the macromorphology and microstructure of the fracture, the analysis of the chemical compositions of shaft material, the metallographic test of the specimens cut from the fracture, the investigation of the operating condition of the pump, the main reason for the fracture can be described as the increased rotating and bending load caused by low viscosity medium. Corresponding preventive measures were put forward. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 37:95–103, 2018
How far is a long distance? An assessment of the issue of scale in the relationship between limiting long‐term illness and long‐distance migration in England and Wales
Authors: Wilding Sam , Martin David , Moon Graham
Published: August 2017

Research consistently shows that those in poor health are less likely to migrate over long distances, but analyses rarely consider what constitutes a long distance in this context. Additionally, the migration literature often fails to account for place of residence effects on migration behaviour. This paper addresses these issues through analysis of the distance of residential moves by working age adults in the year preceding the 2011 Census. Multilevel logistic regression models predict the odds of having moved long‐distance relative to short distance, for different definitions of long distance: ≥10 km, ≥20 km and ≥50 km. We test whether those reporting a limiting long‐term illness (LLTI) are less likely to move long distance in all models, controlling for local authority at the time of the 2011 Census. We find no evidence for health selection in long‐distance migration in the 10 and 20 km models, but uncover a significant effect in the 50 km model. By age, the odds of having moved long distance do not vary for middle‐working age adults (25–54) by LLTI, whereas those with an LLTI in the pre‐retirement age group (55–64) are less likely to move long distance in all models. We uncover clusters of local authorities where those with an LLTI are more likely to have moved long distance in the 10 and 20 km models, but in the 50 km model, only two of these areas remain significantly positive. We conclude that health selection in distances moved occurs above a cut‐off somewhere between 20 and 50 km.
Variation in mortality among migrants from Islamic countries: Do religious holidays and socio‐economic situation affect mortality rates?
Authors: Östh John
Published: August 2017

The number of migrants to Sweden from the Middle East and the Horn of Africa has increased strongly over the last decades. Many of these migrants come as refugees from regions of conflict, with limited social and financial resources, and many of the migrants face discrimination on labour market. Most newly arrived migrants find their homes in poor suburbs in the outskirts of the metropolitan regions in Sweden. In this paper, the mortality rates for all immigrants from predominately Islamic countries that officially resided in Sweden at any time between 1991 and 2010 are analysed using Cox proportional hazard regressions. The research questions in this paper focus on finding the associations between mortality rate and socio‐economic situations as well as the relationship between seasonal variations in religious activity and mortality. This large‐scale longitudinal study reveals that for men, especially men between 16 and 55 years of age, mortality rates are significantly lowered during Ramadan. Other factors affecting mortality rates include being a recent immigrant, civil, employment, and educational status as well as residing in immigrant dense areas.
Study of the Effects of A‐Site La‐Substition on the Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Dy0.5Sr0.5MnO3 Ceramics
Authors: Li Yang , Shi Lei , Zhao Jiyin , Zhou Shiming , Yao Dan , Xie Changzheng
Published: August 2017

The Dy0.5−xLaxSr0.5MnO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.4) manganite compounds have been synthesized by solid state reaction, and the effect of nonmagnetic La ion doping on the crystal structure, electrical and magnetic properties are systematically investigated. It is found that with successive substitution of La element, A‐site cationic arrangement transforms from disorder (random, x ≤ 0.25) to order structure (x > 0.25), and the crystal structure undergoes a transition from cubic to orthogonal distorted perovskite structure. When 0 ≤ x < 0.25, the compounds show a similar semiconducting behavior and magnetic property with a low‐temperature spin‐glass state. When x = 0.25, however, long‐range ferromagnetic (FM) order begins to form and coexists with anti‐ferromagnetic (AFM) phase in the compound. When x further increases, FM interactions strengthen and become predominant in the magnetic properties of the compound. On the other hand, in contrast to the semiconducting behavior of the compounds with x ≤ 0.25, when x > 0.25, the resistivity decreases quickly in the corresponding temperature range. It is suggested that not only the A‐site cationic disorder turning, closely related to the cation radius distribution (mismatch), σ2, controlled by A‐site cation radius 〈rA〉, but the substitution of nonmagnetic La ions, or A‐site magnetic change, is an effective way to adjust the crystal structure and the related magnetic and electrical properties of the perovskite manganite oxides for the applications.
Stability of an Aqueous Extract of Larrea divaricata Cav. during a Simulated Digestion Process
Authors: Alonso María Rosario , Peralta Ignacio , Monti Demian , Martino Renzo , Anesini Claudia
Published: August 2017

Larrea divaricata Cav. (Zygophyllaceae) is a South American plant widely distributed in Argentina that is used in folk medicine to treat inflammatory diseases. The aqueous extract is known to have well‐documented biological activities such as antitumour, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antiinflammatory and antioxidant. However, its stability in gastrointestinal fluids is unknown. The latter is an important factor to assure the bioavailability of plant extracts intended to be administered via the oral route. The aim of this work was to study the stability of a lyophilized aqueous extract of L. divaricata compressed as a pill. To this end, the main polyphenol compound found in the extract, that is, the nordihydroguaiaretic acid, the total polyphenols and flavonoids content and the antioxidant activity such as diphenylpicrylhydrazyl scavenger activity and reducing power were assayed after subjecting the extract to different incubation times in simulated digestive fluids. The HPLC and spectroscopic methods were employed. Although the levels of polyphenols and flavonoids decreased upon incubation in gastric and intestinal fluids, the extract maintained its antioxidant activity related to the presence of nordihydroguaiaretic acid. These results are promising and encourage the potential use of the extract by the oral route as a supplement or phytomedicine with antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods for interpreting the out‐of‐control signal of multivariate control charts: A comparison study
Authors: Bersimis Sotiris , Sgora Aggeliki , Psarakis Stelios
Published: August 2017

Multivariate control charts have proved to be a useful tool for identifying an out‐of‐control process. However, one of the main drawbacks of these charts is that they do not indicate which measured variables have been shifted. To overcome this issue, several alternative approaches that aim to diagnose faults the responsible variable(s) for the out‐of‐control signal and help identify aberrant variables may be found in the literature. This paper reviews several techniques that are used to diagnose the responsible variable(s) for the out‐of‐control signal and attempt to make a comparative study among them. In particular, we evaluate the performance of each method under different simulation scenarios in terms of successful identification of the out‐of‐control variables. Special attention has also been given to the computational approaches and especially in the ability of artificial neural networks to identify out‐of‐control signals. The obtained results show that: there is no particular method that can be considered as panacea; the artificial neural networks' performance depends heavily on the training data set.
Solvothermal Synthesis of CuFe2O4@rGO: Efficient Catalyst for C‐O Cross Coupling and N‐arylation Reaction under Ligand‐Free Condition
Authors: Nakhate Akhil V. , Yadav Ganapati D.
Published: August 2017

In this paper, we report copper ferrite supported reduced graphene oxide (CuFe2O4@rGO) synthesis by solvothermal process. The prepared CuFe2O4@rGO catalyst was used for C‐O and C‐N cross coupling reactions. The activity of the catalyst was compared with commercial Cu2O, CuOand CuFe2O4 for C‐O cross coupling of iodobenzene with phenol. CuFe2O4@rGO was the best catalyst with 97% conversion towards iodobenzene at 100°C under ligand free condition which is otherwise normally used. The virgin and five times reused CuFe2O4@rGO catalyst was characterized by XRD, SEM, FTIR, TEM, N2‐adsorption desorption isotherm, XPS and TGA analysis. The effect of solvent, nature of base, speed of agitation, mole ratio, catalyst loading and temperature was studied for phenol and iodobenzene reaction and its activity was further explored in N‐arylation of indole with idobenzene. The best conversion and yield were achieved at 100 °C at 1×10‐3 g/cm3 catalyst loading. Notably, CuFe2O4@rGO was reusable without any loss of catalytic activity for five recycles. Reaction mechanism and kinetics are also presented. The overall process is novel and green.
Pd@TTF Tailored Nanostructured Platform: Voltammetric Estimation of Ceftazidime
Authors: Tiwari Preeti , Azad Uday Pratap , Gupta Sandeep , Prakash Rajiv
Published: August 2017

Herein, we report the synthesis of tetrathiafulvalene stabilized palladium nanocomposite (Pd@TTF) through one‐step simple chemical route without using any external reducing agent. Prepared Pd@TTF was further used for the electrochemical determination of ceftazidime (CFZ). A possible interaction mechanism has been proposed for the formation of palladium NPs sandwiched between TTF radical cations (Pd@TTF). As‐prepared Pd@TTF are characterized by using various techniques to investigate its structural, optical, and electrochemical properties The interaction of drug molecules with Pd@TTF is utilized in sensing of the drug using voltammetric techniques. The limit of detection (LOD) of CFZ is achieved up to 0.5 μM. The Pd@TTF modified sensor probe is successfully used for the determination of CFZ in the commercially available CFZ injection.
Color Tunable Donor‐Acceptor Electroluminescent Copolymers: Synthesis, Characterization, Photophysical Properties and PLED Fabrication
Authors: Gopikrishna Peddaboodi , Das Dipjyoti , Iyer Parameswar Krishnan
Published: August 2017

A series of novel color tunable donor‐acceptor conjugated copolymers (CPs) are developed from N‐octylcarbazole (Cz‐O) and N‐phenyl‐1,8‐naphthalimide (N‐PN) with a combination of feed ratios of Cz−O and N‐PN (50:50, 65:35, 75:25, 90:10, 95:05 and 99:01). The copolymers exhibit desirable solubility in organic solvents like chlorobenzene, chloroform, THF, etc., color tunability from blue to orange and desired electrochemical properties and are utilized for PLED fabrication. The new CPs are well characterized using NMR, FT‐IR, TGA, DSC, UV‐Vis and PL spectroscopy and their structural and photophysical properties are well correlated. The PL emissions of the CPs are red shifted steadily with increase in the N‐PN content in the CP main chains. PLEDs are fabricated using these newly developed CPs as emissive layer (EML) in ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PCzN‐PN/BCP/LiF/Al configuration. Among all devices, PLEDs using PCzN‐PN05 copolymer as EML is found to give the best device performance with maximum brightness of 309 cd m−2 and 0.451 cd A−1 luminous efficiency.
Charge‐Neutral, Stable, Non‐Cytotoxic, Near‐Infrared SnS Aqueous Quantum Dots for High Signal‐to‐Noise‐Ratio Biomedical Imaging
Authors: Han Song , Shih Wan Y. , Shih Wei‐Heng
Published: August 2017

We have synthesized charge‐neutral, stable, non‐cytotoxic, bright, near‐infrared (NIR) SnS quantum dots (QDs) by first making Cysteamine‐capped SnS QDs in glycerol under acidic conditions followed by lengthening the capping molecule with peptide bonds by reacting the capping molecules with glycine and subsequent heat treatment at 200 °C for 4 hours. The obtained stable SnS QDs exhibited a band gap of 1.5 eV and a strong, narrow NIR emission peak at 830 nm with a quantum yield of 4.6 %. The suspension could be stable for more than 1 month without aggregation or emission decay. The positively charged SnS QDs were further neutralized by 3‐mercaptoproprionic acid (MPA) through electrostatic attraction. The MPA neutralized SnS QDs were shown to be non‐cytotoxic at concentrations 6 times the typical QDs concentration for immunostaining. Low‐noise, optimal NIR immunofluorescent imaging of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) on 3T3 cells and Tn antigen on HT29 cells was achieved by using streptavidin (SA)‐linked MPA‐neutralized SnS QDs with a SA:QD molar ratio of 22:1 to bind to biotinylated secondary antibody bound on the primary antibody that was bound on the targeted antigen on the cell membrane with a high signal‐to noise ratio (SNR) of 35.
′′One‐Pot′′ Selective Synthesis of 3,4‐Disubstituted Pyrroles and Benzo[f]indole‐4,9‐diones from 1,3‐Indanedione, Aromatic Aldehydes and TosMIC
Authors: Aitha Anjaiah , Payili Nagaraju , Rekula Santhosh Reddy , Yennam Satyanarayana , Anireddy Jaya Shree
Published: August 2017

A variety of 3,4‐disubstituted pyrroles and benzo[f]indole‐4,9‐diones have been selectively synthesized from readily available aromatic aldehydes, 1,3‐Indanedione and tosylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) by a one‐pot procedure in high yields. This methodology features operationally simple, practical with broad substrate scope and usage of easy to handle reagents. The one‐pot sequential reactions proposed to proceeds through a tandem in situ generated chalcones and [3+2]‐cycloaddition/ring cleavage or expansion process.
Antiradical Ability of Dendrimer‐Bridged Hindered Phenol and Its Antioxidant Property in Polyolefin
Authors: Li Cuiqin , Zhai Xue , Guo Suyue , Li Huanyu , Sun Peng , Wang Hua , Wang Jun
Published: August 2017

Antiradical abilities of 1.0 generation dendrimer bridged hindered phenols (1.0G dendritic phenols) are studied by the DPPH method and antioxidant properties in polyolefin are evaluated by melt flow rate (MFR), oxidation induction time (OIT) and accelerated thermal aging test. The results indicate that the antioxidant properties are affected not only by the chemical structure but also by the reaction system for series of 1.0G dendritic phenols. The antiradical ability decreases with increasing of the length of the bridged group of 1.0 G dendritic phenols, and the antiradical abilities at steady state reaction time are better than those at fixed reaction time of 30 min. The reaction of 1.0G dendritic phenols scavenging DPPH free radical belongs to slow kinetic behavior. And 1.0G dendritic phenols have excellent processing property, oxidation resistance behavior and thermo‐oxidative aging resistance in linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and polypropylene (PP). The OIT values and the aging coefficient values of polyolefin stabilized with 1.0G dendritic phenols increase with increasing of the length of the bridged group of 1.0G dendritic phenols. The antioxidant abilities 1.0G dendritic phenols in LLDPE are superior to those in PP.
One‐step Simultaneous Synthesis of Graphene and Pt Nanoparticles under the Action of Pulsed Alternating Current and Electrochemical Performance of Pt/Graphene Catalysts
Authors: Kuriganova Alexandra B. , Leontyev Igor N. , Avramenko Marina V. , Popov Yuri , Maslova Olga A. , Koval Olga Yu. , Smirnova Nina V.
Published: August 2017

Pt/graphene electrocatalyst for fuel elements has been obtained via the simultaneously electrochemical dispersion of Pt foil and expanded graphite by applying the alternating current. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have revealed multilayered structure of graphene (3‐5 layers) with linear defects of graphene sheets near 1 μm. The microstructural characteristics and catalytic activity of synthesized Pt/graphene catalyst have been compared with those of Pt/Vulcan catalyst prepared under the same conditions. Pt nanoparticles of Pt/Graphene catalyst exhibit smaller average dimensions and narrower particle size distribution. It follows from the electrochemical study that the electrochemical surface area of Pt/graphene catalyst is 2.5 times higher than for Pt/Vulcan. Besides this, the activity in the electrooxidation of methanol and the stability of Pt/graphene catalyst are found to be superior to the analogous parameters of Pt/Vulcan specimen.
Synthesis, Conformational Properties and DFT Computational Studies of Polymethyl‐Substituted [3.3]Metacyclophanes
Authors: Islam Md. Monarul , Akther Thamina , Rahman Shofiur , Georghiou Paris E. , Matsumoto Taisuke , Tanaka Junji , Redshaw Carl , Yamato Takehiko
Published: August 2017

Polymethyl substituted [3.3]metacyclophanes (MCPs) 4 a–d, were synthesized by the TosMIC coupling method followed by Wolff–Kishner reduction of the corresponding polymethyl‐substituted [3.3]MCP‐2,11‐diones (3 a–d). 1H NMR spectroscopy reveals that both 5,6,7,14,16‐pentamethyl[3.3]MCP‐2,11‐diones (3 a and 3 b) undergo conformational changes relative to the NMR time scale in solution at room temperature but that the anti conformer is preferred. Reduced 5,6,7,14,16‐pentamethyl[3.3]MCP (4 a and 4 b) adopt fixed syn–conformations in solution at room temperature. X‐ray analysis showed that in the solid state, 5,6,7,14,15,16‐hexamethyl[3.3]MCP‐2,11‐dione 3 a adopts the anti‐conformation and reduced 5,6,7,14,16‐pentamethyl[3.3]MCP‐2,11‐diones 4 b adopts a syn‐(chair‐chair) conformation. A series of electrophilic substitution reactions such as formylation, acetylation and nitration were carried out with 5,6,7,14,16‐pentamethyl[3.3]MCP 4 b to study their conformational isomers. The formyl, acetyl and nitro derivatives of 5,6,7,14,16‐pentamethyl[3.3]MCP are fixed to adopt syn‐conformations in solution at room temperature. The conformational isomers of the metacyclophanes and derivatives obtained from density functional theory (DFT) methods were used to estimate the total energies and energy minimized structures of the different conformations.
Solvothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Catalytic Properties of Four Chiral Compounds Built from (R)‐4‐(4‐(1‐Carboxyethoxy)penoxy) Benzoic Acids
Authors: Li Xue‐Wei , Zhang Han‐Zhong , Hou Guang‐Feng , Xu Xin , Yu Ying‐Hui , Gao Jin‐Sheng
Published: August 2017

A series of chiral metal−organic compounds [Ag(cpfa)(phen)] (1), [Ag(cpna)(phen)] (2), [Cu(cpna)(phen)]•2H2O (3), [Cd2(cpna)2(phen)2]n (4) (H2cpfa=(R)‐4‐(4‐(1‐carboxyethoxyphenoxy)phenoxy‐3‐fluorobenzoic acid; H2cpna=(R)‐4‐(4‐(1‐carboxyethoxy)phenoxy)‐3‐nitrobenzoic acid; phen=1,10‐phenanthroline) has been successfully obtained via solvothermal reactions and characterized by IR spectra, elemental analyses, thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA), solid‐state circular dichroism (CD) and powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD). Compounds 1–4 all crystallize in chiral space groups and their CD spectra exhibit obvious positive or negative Cotton effects, indicating their homochirality. Rich hydrogen bonds based on carboxylic groups and π‐π interactions between adjacent phen molecules are present in the four compounds. It is also found that the pH value and reactant ratio have an impact on the growth of the compounds. In addition, their asymmetric catalytic activities for Henry reaction have also been investigated.
Palladium(II)‐Porphyrin Complexes as Efficient and Eco‐Friendly Catalysts for Mizoroki‐Heck Coupling
Authors: Rao Kanusu Umamaheswara , Lakshmidevi Jangam , Appa Rama Moorthy , Prasad Sana Siva , Narasimhulu Manchala , Vijitha Raagala , Rao Kummari Subba Venkata Krishna , Venkateswarlu Katta
Published: August 2017

A facile palladium(II)‐porphyrin catalytic system has been developed for the Mizoroki‐Heck coupling of aryl bromides with alkyl acrylates under mild conditions. Seven different porphyrins (H2TPP, H2TpCPP, H2TpAP, H2TpTP, H2TSTpSPP, H2TmHPP and H2TmCPP) and their complexes with palladium (Pd‐TPP, Pd‐TpCPP, Pd‐TpAP, Pd‐TpTP, Pd‐TSTpSPP, Pd‐TmHPP and Pd‐TmCPP) were synthesized, and examined their catalytic role in the synthesis of alkyl cinnamates in DMF. The complex, Pd‐TSTpSPP showed better activity in the present conversion. This finding has significant advantages like operational simplicity, easy synthesis of porphyrin ligands and their complexes with palladium, utilization of safer and recyclable catalyst and high yields of Mizoroki‐Heck products.