bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON INTEGRAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE DRAZIN INVERSE IN BANACH ALGEBRAS
Authors: González N. Castro , Koliha J. J. , Wei Yimin
Published: July 2002

The purpose of this paper is to derive an integral representation of the Drazin inverse of an element of a Banach algebra in a more general situation than previously obtained by the second author, and to give an application to the Moore–Penrose inverse in a $C^*$-algebra.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification:Primary 46H05; 46L05
INFINITELY MANY SOLUTIONS TO THE NEUMANN PROBLEM FOR ELLIPTIC EQUATIONS INVOLVING THE p-LAPLACIAN AND WITH DISCONTINUOUS NONLINEARITIES
Authors: Candito Pasquale
Published: July 2002

In this paper, we establish the existence of infinitely many solutions to a Neumann problem involving the p-Laplacian and with discontinuous nonlinearities. The technical approach is mainly based on a very recent result on critical points for possibly non-smooth functionals in a Banach space due to Marano and Motreanu, namely Theorem 1.1 in a paper that is to appear in the journal J. Diff. Eqns (see Theorem 2.3 in the body of this paper). Some applications are presented.

AMS 2000 Mathematics subject classification: Primary 35A15; 35J65; 35R05
ROOTSTOCK EFFECTS ON THE YIELDS, TREE AND FRUIT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MANDARIN CULTIVAR ‘CLEMENTINE’ ON THE ISLAND OF RHODES
Authors: Tsakelidou K. , Papanikolaou X. , Protopapadakis E.
Published: July 2002

The effects of ten rootstocks on tree development, leaf nutrient levels, fruit internal quality and yield were studied. Plantings of the mandarin cultivar ‘clementine’ were established at the Agricultural Research Station of Rhodes on the rootstocks Cleopatra mandarin, Troyer and Carrizo citranges, rough lemon, Palestine sweet lime, Volkameriana, Citrus macrophylla, Rangpur lime and C. moi with sour orange as a standard for comparison. Data indicated that rootstocks significantly influenced tree development and fruit quality characteristics as well as foliar nutrient concentrations. The largest trees were on Volkameriana and the smallest on the two citranges. In terms of trunk cross-sectional area, the most vigorous trees were on C. moi and the least on Palestine sweet lime and the two citranges. Cleopatra mandarin, the two citranges, and Palestine sweet lime showed a tendency to biennial bearing. The highest cumulative yield of clementine trees was on C. macrophylla and Volkameriana and the lowest on Troyer and Carrizo citrange. C. macrophylla and Volkameriana produced the most efficient trees with the largest and heaviest thin-skinned almost seedless fruit. Fruit on C. macrophylla produced the highest juice content but also the lowest concentration of total soluble solids. Differences were observed in leaf nutrient contents between the rootstocks. These trials showed that C. macrophylla and Volkameriana could be used successfully as alternatives rootstocks to sour orange.
POPERY, POLITICS, AND PRIVATE JUDGEMENT IN EARLY HANOVERIAN BRITAIN
Authors: THOMPSON ANDREW C.
Published: July 2002

This article analyses two dissenting periodicals, the Occasional Paper and the Old Whig. It argues that these periodicals provide an opportunity to reconsider the current priorities in the historiography of eighteenth-century political thought and religious history. Having considered the contexts from which the periodicals emerged and the importance of a perceived growth in catholic proselytizing in the 1730s, it analyses the importance of ‘popery’ in religious and political discourse. Taken together, popery and private judgement provided the parameters to descibe what was termed ‘consistent protestantism’ and this was used to defend a particular version of dissent. The protestant aspect to oppositional whiggery has been largely ignored, particularly by those keen to assert the centrality of ‘classical republicanism’ to opposition language in the early Hanoverian period. This article suggests an alternative account of the transmission of the commonwealth tradition and indicates further lines of inquiry into the evolution of whig ideas.
Comparison of electromyographic pattern of sensory experts and untrained subjects during chewing of Mahon cheese
Authors: GONZÁLEZ REMEDIOS , SIFRE SILVIA , BENEDITO JOSÉ , NOGUÉS VIVIANA
Published: July 2002

Use of electromyography (EMG) to monitor mastication is a relatively new concept in assessing food physical and sensory properties. Although expert assessment of cheese characteristics is widely used, the effect of training in sensory analysis on mastication patterns, as assessed using EMG is not well known. Nine samples of the same Mahon cheese (60 days ripening) were given to 24 subjects (8 experts, 16 untrained) and EMG recorded for each chewing sequence. Three samples were tested in a single session by each subject, and three sessions carried out on different days. EMG was recorded from four masticatory muscles for each subject. From EMG records the following was extracted: number of chews, chewing time, mean and maximum voltage of EMG bursts (i.e. chews) across chewing sequence, chewing work and chewing rate. No gender bias was found for the EMG parameters considered, therefore, as regards gender, each group was considered to be homogeneous. Variability within-subjects across samples was greater for experts than untrained subjects. Significant differences in chewing time, chewing work and chewing rate were found between the expert and untrained groups. Data analysis of the three sessions showed an influence of cognitive constructs, mediating states, on the chewing process. The experts were found to be goal driven as to their mastication process. Experts showed no significant differences between sessions, untrained subjects were found to vary their EMG output in successive sessions for number of chews, chewing time, mean voltage, and chewing work.
Swept-wing boundary-layer receptivity to surface
non-uniformities
Authors: GAPONENKO V. R. , IVANOV A. V. , KACHANOV Y. S. , CROUCH J. D.
Published: July 2002

The linear receptivity of a swept-wing three-dimensional boundary layer is studied
experimentally and theoretically. Cross-flow instability normal modes are excited by
means of surface vibration or roughness perturbations. The resulting disturbances are
investigated, and the normal modes are linked to the source perturbations. Experiments
are performed under controlled disturbance conditions with a time-harmonic
source that is localized in the spanwise direction. A localized surface vibration is
used to excite wave trains consisting of cross-flow instability waves. Normal oblique
modes (harmonic in time and space) are obtained by Fourier decomposition of
the wave trains. This provides the spatial variation of the normal modes and, in
particular, the initial amplitudes and phases of the modes at the source location.
The shape of the surface vibrator is measured and used to determine the complex
receptivity coefficients for the normal modes (i.e. for various spanwise wavenumbers,
wave propagation angles, and disturbance frequencies – including zero frequency).
The experimental receptivity coefficients are independent of the specific shape of
the surface non-uniformities and can be directly compared with calculations. The
theoretical work is based on a linear approximation to the disturbance source – valid
for small forcing amplitudes. Like earlier studies on roughness-induced receptivity, the
basic flow is locally assumed to satisfy the parallel-flow approximation. The modal
response for the cross-flow instability is determined from the residue associated with
the least-stable eigenmode.

A detailed quantitative comparison between the experimental and theoretical
receptivity characteristics is carried out. Good agreement is found for the
roughness–vibrational receptivity coefficients of the swept-wing boundary layer (especially for the
most-unstable cross-flow modes) over a range of disturbance frequencies and spanwise
wavenumbers. The theory correctly predicts the initial spectra for the travelling
and stationary cross-flow instabilities excited by the surface vibrations and surface
roughness, respectively. The good agreement between theory and experiment suggests
that the linear receptivity theory can be used effectively in engineering methods for
transition prediction. The experimental data can also be used for validation of other
theoretical approaches to the problem.
Periodic motions of vortices on surfaces
with symmetry
Authors: SOULIÈRE ANIK , TOKIEDA TADASHI
Published: July 2002

The theory of point vortices in a two-dimensional ideal fluid has a long history, but on
surfaces other than the plane no method of finding periodic motions (except relative
equilibria) of N vortices is known. We present one such method and find infinite
families of periodic motions on surfaces possessing certain symmetries, including
spheres, ellipsoids of revolution and cylinders. Our families exhibit bifurcations. N
can be made arbitrarily large. Numerical plots of bifurcations are given.
Response of base suction and vortex shedding
from rectangular prisms to transverse forcing
Authors: MILLS RICHARD , SHERIDAN JOHN , HOURIGAN KERRY
Published: July 2002

In previous experiments, the vortex-shedding frequency in the flow around rectangular
prisms has been found to follow a stepwise variation with chord-to-thickness
ratio for two different situations: the natural shedding at low Reynolds number and
the excitation of a resonant transverse acoustic mode of a duct for flows at moderate
Reynolds numbers. This stepwise variation disappears for natural shedding at
Reynolds number higher than approximately 2000; however, it is present at the higher
Reynolds numbers for the acoustically perturbed case. The present experimental study
shows that if the flow is forced by small transverse oscillations, similar in form to the
resonant transverse acoustic mode, the leading-edge and trailing-edge vortex shedding
are locked over a wide range of forcing frequencies. However, a stepwise variation in
the frequency at which peak base drag occurs is found even at these higher Reynolds
numbers. The stepwise frequency variation of vortex shedding in the natural shedding
case and the acoustic resonance case are then explained in terms of preference of the
flow to shed trailing-edge vortices at peak base drag.
Modified electron whistler dispersion law
Authors: LUNDIN B. V. , KRAFFT C.
Published: July 2002

A modified electron whistler dispersion law is derived in the cold-plasma
approximation for analytical treatment and simplified numerical calculations of
wave propagation in a wide range of ratios ωc/ωp of electron gyro- to plasma
frequencies if the wave frequency is much less than ωp. The net contribution of
ions to the wave dispersion law is expressed through the value of the lower-hybrid
resonance frequency ωlhr only. This approximate dispersion law is valid in a wide
frequency domain, that is, from the range of ωlhr until the domain where the contribution of ions can be neglected. A comparison of geometrical-optics ray trajectories
calculated by the use of modified and total cold-plasma electron whistler dispersion laws is presented for the case of the Earth's plasma environment. Computer
simulations of dynamical spectra of whistler waves excited by lightning discharges
and registered in remote regions of the Earth's plasmasphere reveal good numerical
stability of the developed ray-tracing code.
Kéo
Authors: Baird Louise
Published: July 2002

Kéo is an Austronesian language spoken by approximately 40,000 speakers in central Flores in eastern Indonesia. Hitherto, Kéo has been linguistically undescribed. The data for this article comes from linguistic fieldwork undertaken by the author with native Kéo speakers on the islands of Flores and Bali in Indonesia, and in Canberra, Australia. Other, written sources include (Baird 2001) and (Baird 2002). Kéo has been said to belong to the Ende-Lio languages of the Bima-Sumba subgroup of the Central Malayo-Polynesian branch of the Austronesian family (B. Grimes 1988, C. Grimes et al. 1997). The Central/Eastern Malayo-Polynesian grouping has been proposed by Blust, but this is not strongly supported by the comparative method. Likewise, there is very little evidence to support the notion of a Bima-Sumba subgroup at this stage. Much more linguistic work needs to be undertaken in the region before precise genetic relationships can be established.
Haecceities, individuation and the Trinity: a reply to Keith Yandell
Authors: DAVIS RICHARD BRIAN
Published: July 2002

In this paper I reply to Keith Yandell's recent charge that Anselmian theists cannot also be Trinitarians. Yandell's case turns on the contention that it is impossible to individuate Trinitarian members, if they exist necessarily. Since the ranks of Anselmian Trinitarians includes the likes of Alvin Plantinga, Robert Adams, and Thomas Flint, Yandell's claim is of considerable interest and import. I argue, by contrast, that Anselmians can appeal to what Plantinga calls an essence or haecceity – a property essentially unique to an object – to distinguish Trinitarian members. I go on to show that the main Yandellian objection to this individuative strategy is not successful.
The racial politics of hybridity and ‘neo-eclecticism’ in contemporary popular music
Authors: Middleton Jason , Beebe Roger
Published: July 2002

This paper explores some forms of rock/rap hybridity and a historically related shift toward a greater eclecticism in consumption practices in popular music in the United States in the late 1990s, a period marked by the decline of rock as the dominant mode of popular music. This decline has repercussions not simply for a musical style, but additionally for the privileged subjects who are both the producers and consumers of that music: predominantly white, middle-class males. A number of different strategies have emerged which attempt to develop new positions for these white suburbanites to occupy in the contemporary music-cultural terrain in order to re-assert their hegemony as both producers and consumers. On the producers' side, the most common strategy has been to develop hybrid forms which combine rock with styles of its musical competitors – most notably, of hip hop music and culture. On the consumer side, the response has been the emergence of a ‘neo-eclectic’ form of listening where a number of formerly disparate or even hostile musical forms are consumed by a single (white suburban) individual.
English in advertising and brand naming: sociolinguistic considerations and the case of Brazil
Authors: Friedrich Patricia
Published: July 2002

A study of commercial names that extends ET's on-going discussion of ‘shop-sign English’ and similar phenomena from Europe and Asia into Latin America.

A large body of literature describes the use of English loanwords all over the world. When it comes to developing nations, one of the most common explanations for such a phenomenon is the superiority attributed to what is foreign, especially when business and advertising are involved. This article discusses the phenomenon of English loanwords and advertising using the case of Brazil as a scenario. It exemplifies the many motivations that lead to the incorporation of English into the world of business and advertising, and argues for a comprehensive view of this phenomenon, balancing external and internal forces contributing to the use of English.
Survival and ecophysiology of tree seedlings during El Niño drought in a tropical moist forest in Panama
Authors: Engelbrecht Bettina M. J. , Wright S. Joseph , De Steven Diane
Published: July 2002

In tropical forests, severe droughts caused by El Niño events may strongly influence the water relations of tree seedlings and thereby increase their mortality. Data on known-aged seedlings of three common shade-tolerant canopy tree species (Trichilia tuberculata, Tetragastris panamensis and Quararibea asterolepis) in a Panamanian moist forest are presented. Seedling survival during a severe El Niño dry season (1997-98) was compared with prior long-term survival data, and levels of drought stress were assessed by measuring plant water potentials and gas exchange characteristics. Contrary to prediction, dry-season seedling survival was not dramatically reduced in any species compared with that expected in ‘normal’ years. In Trichilia and Quararibea, pre-dawn water potentials averaged −2 MPa and midday water potentials about −3 MPa. Stomatal conductances were very low, averaging 26 mmol m-2 s-1 for Tetragastris and 11–13 mmol m-2 s-1 for Trichilia and Quararibea. Photosynthetic rates also were very low but consistently positive, averaging 0.8–1.1 μmol m-2 s-1. The findings suggest that, once established, seedlings of common tree species in this semi-deciduous forest may be tolerant of drought events.
Seasonality of forest invertebrates in Hong Kong, South China
Authors: Kai Kwok Hon , Corlett Richard T.
Published: July 2002

Because of its position on the northern margin of the tropics (22° 17′N) and the southern coast of a huge continent, Hong Kong has a climate in which both temperature and rainfall are highly seasonal. Although summer temperatures are equatorial, the January mean is only 15.8 °C,and the absolute minimum recorded at sea level is 0 °C (Dudgeon & Corlett 1994). As a result, all aspects of the ecology of Hong Kong show seasonal changes. The most dramatic changes occur in the bird fauna, with the majority of species migratory (Carey et al. 2001). The winter fruiting peak in secondary shrublands and the forest understorey coincides with the arrival of partially frugivorous migrant robins and thrushes (Corlett 1993). However, while resident insectivore-frugivores consume almost entirely fruit during this period (Corlett 1998), all the winter visitors continue to eat insects and some (e.g. Phylloscopus warblers) are entirely insectivorous. The study of insect seasonality reported here formed part of a 30-mo study of the seasonality of a forest bird community in Hong Kong

(Kwok & Corlett 1999, 2000). Plant names follow Corlett et al. (2000).
German children's productivity with tense morphology: the Perfekt (present perfect)
Authors: WITTEK ANGELIKA , TOMASELLO MICHAEL
Published: July 2002

Two nonce-word studies examined German-speaking children's productivity with the Perfekt (present perfect) from 2;6 to 3;6. The German Perfekt consists of the past participle of the main verb and an inflected form of an auxiliary (either haben ‘have’ or sein ‘be’). In Study 1, nonce verbs were either introduced in the infinitival form, and children (seventy-two children, aged 2;6 to 3;6) were tested on their ability to produce the Perfekt, or introduced in the Perfekt, and children were tested on their ability to produce the infinitive. In Study 2 twenty-four children aged 3;6 were given the past participle form of nonce verbs to see if they could supply the appropriate auxiliary (based mainly on verb semantics). The results were that many children as young as 2;6 used past participles productively (more than used infinitival forms productively), but all children had much difficulty in supplying both auxiliaries appropriately. The current findings suggest that mastery of the Perfekt construction as a whole does not take place before the age of four and that frequency of exposure is an important factor in determining the age at which children acquire grammatical constructions.
On the signatures of even 4-manifolds
Authors: BOHR CHRISTIAN
Published: July 2002

In this paper we prove a number of inequalities between the signature and the Betti
numbers of a 4-manifold with even intersection form and prescribed fundamental
group. Furthermore, we introduce a new geometric group invariant and discuss some
of its properties.
Explicit construction of Lagrangian isometric immersion of a
real-space-form Mn(c) into a complex-space-form M˜n(4c)
Authors: OH YUN MYUNG
Published: July 2002

In [4], it is proved that there exists a ‘unique’ adapted Lagrangian isometric
immersion of a real-space-form Mn(c) of constant sectional curvature c into a
complex-space-form
M˜n(4c) of constant sectional curvature 4c associated with each twisted
product decomposition of a real-space-form if its twistor form is twisted closed.
Conversely, if L: Mn(c) → M˜n(4c) is a non-totally geodesic Lagrangian isometric
immersion of a real-space-form Mn(c) into a complex-space-form M˜n(4c), then Mn(c)
admits an appropriate twisted product decomposition with twisted closed twistor
form and, moreover, the immersion L is determined by the corresponding adapted
Lagrangian isometric immersion of the twisted product decomposition. It is natural
to ask the explicit expressions of adapted Lagrangian isometric immersions of
twisted product decompositions of real-space-forms Mn(c) into complex-space-forms
M˜n(4c) for each case: c = 0, c > 0 and c < 0.
On uniformly perfect boundary of stable domains in iteration of
meromorphic functions II
Authors: JIAN-HUA ZHENG
Published: July 2002

We investigate uniform perfectness of the Julia set of a transcendental meromorphic
function with finitely many poles and prove that the Julia set of such a meromorphic
function is not uniformly perfect if it has only bounded components. The
Julia set of an entire function is uniformly perfect if and only if the Julia set including
infinity is connected and every component of the Fatou set is simply connected. Furthermore
if an entire function has a finite deficient value in the sense of Nevanlinna,
then it has no multiply connected stable domains. Finally, we give some examples of
meromorphic functions with uniformly perfect Julia sets.
Technical Extracts from the Memoirs of Dr. J. A. Pierce
Authors: Blanchard Walter F.
Published: July 2002

The following is the second part of an extract from the memoirs of Dr. J. A. Pierce who was deeply involved in the development of radionavigation aids in the USA between 1941 and 1973. These are, of course, personal reminiscences, and some issues might be challenged by others working in the same field at the time. However, they give a remarkable insight into the problems faced by the scientists of the day and how they were overcome. The editing principle used here has been to rigorously preserve Dr. Pierce's own wording while eliminating those parts of a purely personal nature. The entire original document without cuts may be found on www.internationalnavigation.org.
Extensive Robertsonian rearrangement: implications for the radiation and biogeography of Planipapillus Reid (Onychophora: Peripatopsidae)
Authors: Rowell D. M. , Rockman M. V. , Tait N. N.
Published: July 2002

The remarkable diversity in chromosome number within Planipapillus Reid 1996, the most speciose genus of peripatopsid onychophorans, centred in the alpine region of south‐eastern Australia is documented. Robertsonian, whole‐arm rearrangements account for the twofold range of diploid numbers in Planipapillus. Ooperipatellus Ruhberg 1985, another clade of oviparous onychophorans, shows a very different pattern, with no karyotypic diversity among species from Australia and New Zealand. Rate constancy in chromosomal evolution among peripatopsid genera would indicate an ancient radiation in Planipapillus, with extant species representing relictual survivors of more recent Pleistocene climatic upheavals. Conversely, if the rearrangements in Planipapillus are the result of recent and rapid karyotypic restructuring, the karyotypic and species diversity within the genus may be attributed to recent population fragmentation and isolation resulting from the repeated glaciation and warming cycles of the Pleistocene rather than stemming from a more ancient radiation. Data from other animal groups support a model of accelerated rates of Robertsonian centric fusions concordant with a recent radiation in Planipapillus. Karyotype change may be an important factor in the generation and maintenance of Planipapillus diversity.
Cults of sacred memory: Parma and the Verdi centennial celebrations of 1913
Authors: BASINI LAURA
Published: July 2002

Parma's lavish commemoration of the centennial of Verdi's birth took to an extreme the post-Unification trend to memorialize great figures of Italy's past. This essay examines the encyclopedic nature of the commemoration in the context of the local and national political climate. Its reception and display were symptomatic of contemporary changes in the physical sites of politics, sharing features with later, more overtly nationalist exhibitions and suggesting a symbiotic relationship between culture and ideology. The reception history of the monument to Verdi built on this occasion, however, warns against historical generalizations, underlining the contingency of the interactions between art, politics and ideology, and demonstrating that current concerns with nationalism often obscure more than they clarify.
Common Lands in Spain, 1800–1995: Persistence, Change and Adaptation
Authors: IRIARTE-GOÑI IÑAKI
Published: July 2002

The analyses and interpretations that the social sciences have been making in recent decades on the theme of common property call for a fresh look at the history of the commons. Such a vision no longer considers them as resources necessarily destined to disappear, but rather attempts to discover what forces have acted on their historical trajectory. From this perspective, this paper analyses the evolution of common lands in Spain over the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. To that end, it rests on an interpretative proposal that, over time, common lands in Spain have experienced an alteration in their economic usefulness and have had to transform themselves in order to adapt to changing situations. In this context, the various agricultural and, indeed, general economic conjunctures, the evolution of social forces, as well as the make-up of the political system, have all played a major part in the greater or lesser persistence of the commons, in their forms of use and in their more or less successful adaptation to new situations.
“The Eminent Later Scholar” in Avicenna's Book of the Syllogism
Authors: Street Tony
Published: July 2002

Avicenna refers on a number of occasions in his Book of the Syllogism to “the eminent later scholar” (al-fā[ddotu]il min al-muta'a[hbrevu][hbrevu]irī). At least three recent studies have argued or assumed that this eminent later scholar is Alexander of Aphrodisias. It is argued in this article that Avicenna is in fact referring to Alfarabi. This has consequences for reconstructing the lost first part of Alfarabi's Great Commentary on the Prior Analytics, for highlighting certain aspects of Alfarabi's logical doctrines, and for understanding more about the relation between Avicenna and Alfarabi in matters logical.
La Filā[hdotu]a yūnāniyya and the Arabo-andalusian Treatises on Agriculture
Authors: Carabaza Bravo Julia María
Published: July 2002

The aim of this work is to end the debate about the widespread acceptance among specialists, that the 6th century Byzantium treatise by Cassianus reached Muslim scholars by means of two routes: a “direct” translation from Greek into Arabic (Filā[hdotu]a rūmiyya attributed to Qus[tdotu]ūs) and the other “indirect” translation by means of a Persian translation (Filā[hdotu]a fārisiyya attributed to either Kasīnūs or Qus[tdotu]ūs). Thanks to a comparison of the texts, one can prove beyond all doubt that there was only a secondary translation route into Arabic from the Persian version. Additionally, this work highlights the significant influence of the Filā[hdotu]a rūmiyya on the Andalusian agronomy. The most influenced subjects are pointed out and those agronomic sources derived from this treatise and the 10th century Greek Geoponica (based on Cassianus) are studied. This study allows us to conclude that the later work was never translated into Arabic, therefore, the Andalusian agronomists only had access to the Arabic versions of Anatolius and Cassianus to which the Pseudo-Qus[tdotu]ūs' work was later added.
The web as a vehicle for constructivist approaches in language teaching
Authors: FELIX USCHI
Published: July 2002

The central question in this paper is whether Web technology has the potential
to add value to face-to-face language teaching in the form of activities that cannot be realized
fully in a traditional classroom. While arguments will be presented for and against e-learning,
our conclusion is that the latest human-machine interfaces offer an environment for interactive
learning that can foster the acquisition of communicative skills. The paper argues that one of the
great strengths of the Web is the potential to engage students in creative information gap activities
and real experiential learning in the form of meaningful, process-oriented projects in authentic
settings. Evidence will be drawn from three sources:

[bull ] The current literature on new learning approaches.

[bull ] The latest best-practice applications, such as Webquests, Voice Chat, MOOs and innovative
co-operative ventures.

[bull ] The findings of two large research studies by the author on
students’ perceptions of Web-based language learning in school and tertiary settings.

The paper emphasises the importance of creating connectivity rather than content.
Computer-assisted second language assessment: to the top of the pyramid
Authors: MYERS MARIE J.
Published: July 2002

With innovative ways available to assess language performance through the use of
computer technology, practitioners have to rethink their preferred strategies of language testing.
It is necessary to take into account both the new developments in language learning and teaching
research and also the latest features computers have to offer to help with language assessment.
In addition to best practices developed over the years in the field, it is necessary for
provision to be made for authentic assessments of intercultural communication abilities. After a
review of the latest language-testing literature and a discussion of the current problems
identified in it, this paper explores the latest developments in computer technology and
proposes areas of language testing in the light of the new findings. A practical application
follows. This is an adaptation, in a school board in Ontario, of the latest evaluation model.
The model represents unit planning as an isosceles triangle with assessed assignments stacked
in horizontal bands from the base to the vertex, i.e. the top. The suggestion is offered that
this approach can be enriched, by changing the triangle into a pyramid with a different model
on each side. Access to the four sides by rotation of the pyramid allows a broader range of
activities culminating in one final assessment task at the summit.
Fusion in relational structures and the verification of monadic second-order properties
Authors: COURCELLE B. , MAKOWSKY J. A.
Published: July 2002

Relational structures offer a common framework for handling graphs and hypergraphs of
various kinds. Operations like disjoint union, the creation of new relations by means of
quantifier-free formulas, and relabellings of relations make it possible to denote them using
algebraic expressions. It is known that every monadic second-order property of a structure is
verifiable in time proportional to the size of such an algebraic expression defining it. We
prove here that this result remains true if we also use in these algebraic expressions a fusion
operation that fuses all elements of the domain satisfying some unary predicate. The value
mapping from these algebraic expressions to the structures they denote is a monadic
second-order definable transduction, which means that the structure is definable inside the
tree representing the algebraic expression by monadic second-order formulas. It follows (by
using results of other articles) that, with this fusion operation, we cannot generate more
graph families, but we can generate them with less unary auxiliary predicates. We also
obtain clear-cut characterizations of Vertex Replacement and Hyperedge Replacement
context-free graph grammars in terms of four types of operations, amongst which is the
fusion of vertices satisfying a specified predicate.
CIRCUMSCRIPTION AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF GYMNOCARPOS (CARYOPHYLLACEAE-PARONYCHIOIDEAE)
Authors: OXELMAN B. , AHLGREN B. , THULIN M.
Published: July 2002

A molecular phylogenetic study based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer sequences and plastid rps16 intron sequences on the status of the genus Gymnocarpos (Paronychioideae, Caryophyllaceae) is presented. Gymnocarpos decandrus and Sclerocephalus arabicus form a strongly supported clade within a well-supported group consisting also of G. przewalskii, and the rest of Gymnocarpos. Re-examination of morphological characters also supports this conclusion. Paronychia is found to be polyphyletic, with the subgenera Paronychia and Siphonychia forming a strongly supported sister group to Gymnocarpos, whereas P. kapela and P. chlorothyrsa (representing subgen. Anoplonychia) are found to be related to Herniaria and Philippiella. A key to the 10 species recognized in Gymnocarpos is presented, as well as synoptical information on nomenclature and distributions.
NOTES AND NEW SPECIES IN PAPUASIAN SYZYGIUM (MYRTACEAE)
Authors: TAKEUCHI W.
Published: July 2002

Syzygium cratermontensis, S. kipidamasii, S. pseudomegistophyllum and S. ubogoensis are newly described from Papua New Guinea. Some notes on the taxonomic position and geographic distribution of S. megistophyllum Merrill & Perry are also provided.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF SAUSSUREA SUBGENUS ERIOCORYNE (ASTERACEAE) FROM THE NEPAL HIMALAYA
Authors: FUJIKAWA K. , OHBA H.
Published: July 2002

Two new species, Saussurea bhutkesh and S. kanaii, belonging to subgenus Eriocoryne (DC.) Hook.f., are described from the Nepal Himalaya. S. bhutkesh differs from S. nishiokae Kitam. in having uniseriate scattered phyllaries and golden yellow hairs on the leaves. S. kanaii differs from S. topkegolensis H. Ohba & S. Akiyama in having conspicuously laciniate leaves with dense white tomentose hairs on the abaxial surface. A key is provided to the Nepalese species of the subgenus.
AN EMENDED DESCRIPTION FOR RHODOTHAMNUS SESSILIFOLIUS P.H. DAVIS (ERICACEAE)
Authors: TERZIOĞLU S. , MILNE R. I.
Published: July 2002

Rhodothamnus sessilifolius P.H. Davis (Ericaceae) was until recently known only from two gatherings from NE Turkey, and had not been seen since 1960. The type locality was re-found in 2000, together with two new populations. An emended description of this rare species is provided, including details of the first fruiting material and seeds to have been collected, and notes on its ecology.
New combinations and records for Hieracium L. and Pilosella Hill (Asteraceae) in Turkey
Authors: COŞKUNÇELEBİ K. , BEYAZOĞLU O.
Published: July 2002

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A new species of Agalmyla (Gesneriaceae) from Sulawesi
Authors: HILLIARD O. M. , BURTT B. L.
Published: July 2002

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Nitrogen Assimilation by Plants: Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Aspects. Edited by Jean-François Morot-Gaudry. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers Inc. 2001. vi + 466pp. ISBN 1 57808 139 4. £83.00 (hardback). DOI: 10.10M/S0960428602220156
Authors: SPRENT J.
Published: July 2002

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The Economics of Cinema: History, Strategic Choices and Cultural Policy
Authors: Sojcher Fréderic
Published: July 2002

Pierre-Jean Benghozi and Christian Delage, eds., Une histoire économique du cinéma français (1895–1995): Regards croisés franco-américains (Paris: L'Harmattan, 1997), 364pp., €28.97, ISBN 2-7384-5852-1. Laurent Creton, Economie du cinéma: perspectives stratégiques (Paris: Nathan, collection ‘Nathan Université’, 1994), 288 pp., €21.19, ISBN 209-190-219-5. Laurent Creton, Cinéma et marché (Paris: Armand Colin, collection ‘U’, 1997), 254 pp., €20.58, ISBN 2-200-01769-3. Eric Dubet, Economie du cinéma européen: de l'interventionnisme à l'action entrepreneuriale Paris: L'Harmattan, 2000), 286 pp., €22.87, ISBN 2-7384-9043-3. Martin Dale, The Movie Game: The Film Business in Britain, Europe and America (London: Cassell, 1997), 340 pp., $19.95 (pb), ISBN 0-304-33387-5. Jean-Michel Frodon, La projection nationale: cinéma et nation, collection ‘Le champ méthodologique’ (Paris: Odile Jacob, 1998), 248 pp., €20.58, ISBN 2-7381-0586-6. Andrew Higson and Richard Maltby, eds., Film Europe and Film America: Cinema, Commerce and Cultural Exchange (1920–1939) (Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1999), 406 pp., £40.00, ISBN 0-85989-546-7. Albert Moran, ed., Film Policy: International, National and Regional Perspectives (London: Routledge, 1996), 286 pp., $24.99, ISBN 0-415-09791-6. David Puttnam, The Undeclared War: The Struggle for Control of the World's Film Industry (London: HarperCollins, 1997), 414 pp., £7.99 (pb), ISBN 0-00-255675-8. Jonathan Rosenbaum, Movie Wars: How Hollywood and the Media Conspire to Limit What Films We Can See (Chicago: A Cappella, 2000), 228 pp., $24.00, ISBN 1-55652-406-4.
THE PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSFORMATION: A KEY CONCEPT IN UTERINE RECEPTIVITY
Authors: Murphy CR
Published: July 2002

The first site of contact between maternal and fetal tissue at the beginning of blastocyst attachment and implantation is the plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells. Indeed, as has been noted often, regardless of the mode of placentation which ultimately occurs, contact between this plasma membrane and that of the trophoblast is a common beginning to implantation in most species studied so far, which now range from viviparous lizards to human beings. The similarities in these early events of uterine receptivity and placentation go further than mere contact between opposing surfaces however. A considerable body of evidence indicates that the behaviour of the plasma membrane of uterine epithelial cells during early pregnancy has many common aspects across species including humans. This review pays special attention to events in the human uterus and the epithelial cells in particular, but examines them within the wider context of uterine receptivity for implantation across species.
DONOR INSEMINATION
Authors: Kovacs GT
Published: July 2002

The treatment of male infertility by the utilization of donor insemination goes back many decades. Initially, fresh semen was used, usually brokered by a medical practitioner, the donors delivering the sperm as the recipient was about to ovulate, with the insemination being carried out by the doctor. There was no screening of the semen specimen, nor any attempt at matching for physical characteristics.
PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME: GYNAECOLOGY OR PSYCHIATRY?
Authors: Rapkin A , Mikacich J
Published: July 2002

It is estimated that 50–80% of menstruating women experience some degree of physical and psychological premenstrual symptomatology and that 3–5% have symptoms of sufficient severity to disrupt social or psychological functioning. The diagnosis of clinically significant premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is applicable when at least one moderate to severe physical and psychological symptom occurs for up to two weeks prior to menses with remission by the end of the menstrual flow. Symptoms should cause functional impairment and must be documented prospectively for at least two consecutive menstrual cycles. Table 1 lists the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology (ACOG) criteria set for the diagnosis of PMS.
Random Regular Graphs
of Non-Constant Degree:
Connectivity and Hamiltonicity
Authors: COOPER COLIN , FRIEZE ALAN , REED BRUCE
Published: July 2002

Let Gr denote a graph chosen uniformly at random from the set of r-regular graphs with
vertex set
{1,2, …, n}, where 3 [les ] r [les ] c0n for some small constant c0. We prove that, with
probability tending to 1 as n
→ ∞, Gr is r-connected and Hamiltonian.
Male pronuclear formation and sperm mitochondria in porcine oocytes following intracytoplasmic injection of pig or mouse sperm
Authors: Lee Youn-Jeong , Kim Bong-Ki , Cui Xiang Shun , Kim Nam-Hyung
Published: July 2002

In the present study we determined the chromatin organization and fate of introduced mitochondria in porcine embryos following intracytoplasmic injection of pig or mouse sperm cells. At 3, 6, 9 and 12 h following injection of pig or mouse spermatozoa or isolated sperm heads, the oocytes were fixed and stained with propidium iodide. Between 3 and 6 h following injection, both porcine and murine sperm chromatin developed into pronuclei. The male and female pronuclei were apposed within 12 h in porcine oocytes following sperm injection from either source. We also introduced foreign mitochondria from either mouse or pig sperm midpiece into porcine oocytes following sperm injection. While porcine sperm mitochondria rapidly disappeared from the actively developing porcine oocytes, mouse sperm mitochondria remained in the embryos until the 8-cell stage. These results suggest that pronuclear formation and movement occur between 6 and 12 h following sperm incorporation into the cytoplasm, and that foreign mitochondria are selectively removed in a species-specific manner.
Mollien's contribution to the analysis of the bank of issue
Authors: JACOUD GILLES
Published: July 2002

Count Mollien, councillor and Minister of the Treasury of Napoléon, was at the same time a theorist who extended Adam Smith's analysis of banknotes and a man of action who worked with success on the application of his ideas. He showed that the solidity of the banknotes relied on the quality of the discounted bills when they are put into circulation, and rejected the risk of excessive issue, thereby disseminating the real bills doctrine in France. Furthermore, he studied the conditions in which the issue should take place and put forward some proposals that led to the organisation of the working rules of Banque de France.
Introduction: the development of astronomy in Europe
Authors: MURDIN PAUL
Published: July 2002

The tradition of astronomy in Europe has been unbroken from the Neolithic and Bronze Age menhir monuments of north-western Europe to its large telescopes and space-probes. While astronomy still retains practical features, in most part it now concentrates on discovering new science. Recent advances include the discovery of previously unsuspected properties of neutrinos, confirmation of the theory of general relativity near black holes and the successful development of a coherent theory of the origin of the Universe in the Big Bang. These discoveries suggest that 19/20ths of the density of the Universe is of unknown form. There is more to do!
Hen harrier foraging success in relation to land use in Scotland
Authors: Redpath Steve , Amar Arjun , Madders Mike , Leckie Fiona , Thirgood Simon
Published: July 2002

In the UK, hen harriers (Circus cyaneus) are illegally killed on moorland that is managed for red grouse (Lagopus lagopus scoticus), and they produce fewer young per female on grouse moorland than on either unmanaged moorland or forestry. However, those breeding attempts on grouse moorland that escape nest destruction produce more young than in other land‐use classes. One explanation for this difference is that food is more available to harriers on managed moorland than elsewhere. To examine this hypothesis, we compared the capture rates of hunting male harriers on sites across Scotland. Four of these sites were managed for grouse whilst the remaining three consisted of either unmanaged moorland or a mixture of unmanaged moorland and young forestry plantations. We found a significant difference in capture rates, with harriers on managed grouse moorland capturing prey at a greater rate than elsewhere, supporting the idea that prey were more available on grouse moorland. However, there was no difference in strike rates between the land‐use classes, suggesting that prey were not necessarily more abundant on grouse moors. Males on unmanaged moorland tended to catch larger prey, though this was insufficient to compensate fully for the reduced capture rates. The improved hunting success on grouse moorland means that this habitat is likely to be more attractive to breeding harriers, thereby increasing the conflict between those interested in maximizing grouse numbers and those interested in conserving rare raptors.
The sexually‐selected sperm hypothesis: sexbiased inheritance and sexual antagonism
Authors: PIZZARI T. , BIRKHEAD T. R.
Published: July 2002

When females are inseminated by more than one male (polyandry) sexual selection continues after insemination in the form of sperm competition and cryptic female choice. The sexually‐selected sperm hypothesis proposes that, under the risk of sperm competition, additive variation in male traits determining fertilising effciency will select for female propensity to be polyandrous in order to increase the probability of producing sons with superior fertilising effciency. Two factors complicate this prediction: sex‐biased transmission of male fertilising effciency traits and sexual antagonism of sex‐limited traits, fostered by sexbiased inheritance. Here, we (i) review the evidence that male traits contributing towards fertilising effciency are heritable through sex‐biased mechanisms, and (ii) explore the evolutionary implications for male and female reproductive strategies caused by both sex‐biased transmission and sexual antagonism of fertilising effciency traits. Many male fertilising effciency traits are heritable through sex‐biased mechanisms and may not necessarily increase female fitness. The predictions of the sexually‐selected sperm hypothesis change dramatically under these different mechanisms of inheritance of fertilising effciency traits, and different fitness pay‐offs derived by females from the expression of such traits. Both sex‐biased control of fertilising effciency and sexual antagonism may also be important in explaining the maintenance of the genetic variance and selection potential of fertilising effciency. We propose that a useful approach to test the sexually‐selected sperm hypothesis is to combine studies which identify behavioural and physiological mechanisms explaining variation in reproductive success with artificial selection experiments to infer the underlying evolutionary patterns.
Family Geographies and Gender Cultures
Authors: Duncan Simon , Smith Darren
Published: July 2002

In this paper we describe regional differences in partnering and parenting within Britain, using indices of the ‘Motherhood Employment Effect’ to indicate different geographical levels of adherence to the ‘traditional’ male breadwinner/female homemaker family, and of ‘Family Conventionality’ to indicate geographical differences in ‘good-enough parenting’. The geography of family formations thus described does not follow the better known ‘north–south’ or ‘urban–rural’ geographies of economic performance and prosperity, and we speculate as to how this relatively unfamiliar family geography may be related to the existence of regional gender cultures.
Introduction: Themed Section on Social Welfare and Social Democracy
Authors: Taylor-Gooby Peter
Published: July 2002

For much of the post-war period, the advanced industrial nations of Europe congratulated themselves on having it both ways: successful capitalist economies which also provided effective welfare states – affluence plus social justice. Commentators have traditionally seen social democracy as the friend of social welfare. More recently, the virtuous liaison of social democratic politics with successful democratic welfare capitalism has been called into question. Welfare states face pressures from economic globalisation, population ageing, spending constraint and changes in labour markets and in family patterns; it is argued that traditional social democratic approaches find it difficult to pursue policies that will enable welfare states to adapt and continue to combine high social standards with economic growth in the changed conditions of the twenty-first century. In short, the social democratic welfare state is outmoded.