bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ЭКСПЕРТИЗА РАЗЛИЧИТЕЛЬНОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ КОММЕРЧЕСКОГО НАИМЕНОВАНИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ «УМНЫЙ КРЕМ»)
Authors: Donskova Yulia
Published: April 2019

Статья посвящена практическим вопросам применения специальных познаний в области лингвистики с целью анализа товарного наименования. В частности, показано, как применение различных видов лингвистического анализа может быть использовано в спорах относительно определения различительной способности наименования, а лингвистическая экспертиза может быть одним из инструментов доказывания. Обусловлено это тем, что проблема установления наличия/отсутствия различительной способности части товарных наименований имеет внеюридическую природу: она связана с вопросами межъязыкового взаимодействия (калькирование; влияние иностранного языка на дискурсивную практику), а также процессами терминологизации и перехода имен собственных в нарицательные. На примере словосочетания «умный крем», которое широко используется в современном косметическом дискурсе, продемонстрирована методика анализа наименований, которые состоят из нескольких элементов, один из которых стал общеупотребительной характеристикой определенного класса продуктов.
АНТИКОРРУПЦИОННАЯ ЭКСПЕРТИЗА МУНИЦИПАЛЬНЫХ НОРМАТИВНЫХ ПРАВОВЫХ АКТОВ: СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПОИСК ОПТИМАЛЬНЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ
Authors: Kazantseva Olesya
Published: April 2019

Статья посвящена анализу современного состояния института антикоррупционной экспертизы муниципальных правовых актов и их проектов в Российской Федерации. Антикоррупционная экспертиза является одним из направлений государственной антикоррупционной политики. В России за достаточно короткий срок сформирована правовая основа для проведения антикоррупционной экспертизы, однако имеются некоторые недостатки в правовом регулировании антикоррупционной экспертизы муниципальных нормативных правовых актов и их проектов, что порождает проблемы при ее осуществлении. К сожалению, следует признать, что законодатель не уделяет должного внимания вопросам противодействия коррупции на муниципальном уровне. Базовый Федеральный закон от 6 октября 2003 г. № 131-ФЗ «Об общих принципах организации местного самоуправления в Российской Федерации» содержит лишь небольшое количество норм, регламентирующих антикоррупционную деятельность и только в части вопросов местного значения всех типов муниципальных образований. Правовые и организационные основы антикоррупционной экспертизы нормативных правовых актов и проектов нормативных правовых актов в целях выявления в них коррупциогенных факторов и их последующего устранения содержатся в Федеральном законе от 03 июля 2009 года №172-ФЗ «Об антикоррупционной экспертизе нормативных правовых актов и проектов нормативных правовых актов», применение норм которого вызывает больше вопросов, нежели ответов. Так, например, возникает вопрос о правомочности органов государственной власти субъектов РФ проводить антикоррупционную экспертизу муниципальных нормативных правовых актов, поскольку в качестве субъектов ее проведения они в законе не называются.

В результате анализа действующей правовой базы и правоприменительной практики автор выявляет имеющиеся недостатки в институте антикорруционной экспертизы, выявляет их основные причины и предлагает пути их решения.
СИСТЕМНО-ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ СЕМИОТИЧЕСКИЙ ПОДХОД К АНАЛИЗУ ПОЛИКОДОВОГО ТЕКСТА: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ
Authors: Zlokazov Kirill
Published: April 2019

Актуальность исследования поликодовых текстов связывается с практикой их использования для распространения экстремистских и насильственных идей в интернет-коммуникации. Научная значимость изучения обусловлена недостаточным знанием о специфике восприятия поликодовых текстов, отставанием академических представлений о поликодовом тексте от практики их использования. Показано, что семиотика поликодового текста более гетерогенна, чем монокодового за счет сопряжения графических и вербальных видов информации. Современные подходы к анализу разнородных источников информации в поликодовых текстах базируется на подходах, обращающихся к семантическим, а не лексико-грамматическим единицам текста. Теоретические основания для работы с семантикой поликодового текста разрабатываются в концепции системно-функциональной семиотики, предложенной М. Halliday. Следуя положениям, все элементы поликодового текста имеют конкретное семиотическое значение. Поэтому современные интерпретации системно-функционального семиотического подхода расщепляют поликодовый текст на виды (модальности) применяемых в нем информационных ресурсов, анализируют их значение, синтезируя единое представление о смысле всего текста. Для этого используются положения прагмалингвистики, предполагающие, что смысл текста определяется интенцией автора, а также дискурсивного анализа, представляющего прочтение текста в его социальном значении. Кроме того, системный подход к оценке поликодового текста базируется на предположении, что значения вербального компонента текста дополняются значениями графического компонента. На этой основе составляется общее представление о смысле всего текста. Развитие системно-функционального семиотического подхода имеет два перспективных направления. Во-первых, преодоление проблем конфликта семиотики разнородных информационных источников в тексте, во-вторых, определение роли читателя и понимание его вклада в интерпретацию смысла текста.
The Prevalence of Schistosomasis among People in Almatama locality River Nile State, Sudan
Authors: Hussein Ahmed M. , Adam Dawria. , Alkamil Suleman , Adam Belal Abdallah A.
Published: April 2019

This is cross sectional descriptive community based study to measure the prevalence of Schistosomasis disease, multistage cluster sampling was taken (500person), and the data was collected by the flowing methods, Urine Examination, Stool examination, and Questionnaire, the data was analyzed by using (SPSS) the main result for study Schistosomosis Hematoupium was 15% and Schistosomosis Mansoni was Zero, the prevalence was high in Tibaha Alkhwad administrative unit with 6.0%, Almata with 5.2% and Wedhamid with 3.8%. The study found there was strong relation between Shistosomasis and both genders (male, female) where the prevalence was high among male 10.8%, the study also showed there was strong relationship between Schistosomasis and age groups, The prevalence increases among age group (15 to 25 years )with (5.8%), There was strong significant relation between swimming in stagnant water and getting infected with Schistosomasis, The prevalence increases among people go to swimming in stagnant water with 11.0% (PV =0.0000 significant),
Exile Experiences and the Transformations of Religious Cultures in the Sixteenth Century: Wesel, London, Emden, and Frankenthal
Authors: Spohnholz Jesse
Published: April 2019

This essay compares the experiences of Netherlandish Protestants who fled Habsburg persecution in the late sixteenth century in their three largest exile communities – Wesel, London and Emden. Previous scholars have emphasized that exile encouraged Netherlandish Protestants to develop more confessionally Calvinist ideas and to embrace a more volunteeristic understanding of faith, which could (and should) operate independent from government oversight. Further, scholars have suggested that Calvinism flourished in exile because its strict church discipline held fractured communities together. This essay reassesses these conclusions by examining the diversity of ideas circulating in exile communities, the flexibility of migrant churches to local conditions, the continued frustrations of pastors and elders in achieving their disciplinary objectives, and the repeated assurances among exile leaders of their obedience to political authorities. It concludes by suggesting that a newly founded exile community, Frankenthal, might be the closest to the model Reformed community proposed by scholars, but notes that it only ever attracted few Netherlandish Protestants.
Unified Formalism for Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers and Lasers
Authors: Khan G. R.
Published: April 2019

A comprehensive and integrated exact analytical formalism is presented for erbium-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers (EDFALs) in one single configuration based on solutions of a system of rate and propagation equations represented by a homogenously broadened four band transition scheme while incorporating amplified spontaneous emission and excited state absorption effects. The formalism, under steady-state conditions, concurrently provides considerable insight into physical characteristics underlying phenomena pertinent to EDFALs and allows precise evaluation of behavior exhibited by EDFALs through a judicious selection of pump intensity and fiber length in standard eye-safe low-erbium concentration uniformly doped mono-mode silica glass fibers in co- and counter- propagating directions appropriate to signal, pump and ASE regimes.
The role of case and animacy in bi-and monolingual children’s sentence interpretation in German: a developmental perspective
Authors: Gamper Jana
Published: April 2019

German-speaking children appear to have a strong N1-bias when interpreting non-canonical OVSsentences. During sentence interpretation, especially unambiguous accusative and dative case markers (den‘the-ACC’ anddem‘the-DAT’) weaken the N1-bias and help building up sentence interpretation strategies on the basis of morphological cues. Still, the N1-bias prevails beyond the age of five (Brandt et al. 2016, Cristante 2016, Dittmar et al. 2008) and remains until puberty (Lidzba et al. 2013). This paper investigates whether prototypical case-animacy coalitions (denACC+ NINANIMATEanddemDAT+ NANIMATE) strengthen a morphologically based sentence interpretation strategy in German. The experiment discussed in this paper tests for effects of such case-animacy coalitions in mono- and bilingual primary school children. 20 German monolinguals, 12 Dutch-German and 17 Russian-German bilinguals with a mean age of 9;6 were tested in a forced-choice off-line experiment. Results indicate that case-animacy coalitions weaken the N1-bias in OVS-conditions in German monolinguals and Dutch-German bilinguals, while no effects were found for Russian-German bilinguals. Together with an analysis of individual differences, these group-specific effects are discussed in terms of a developmental approach that represents a gradual cue strength adjustment process in mono- and bilingual children.
Sanitizing the Seventies
Authors: Strub Whitney
Published: April 2019

During the 1980s US feminist sex wars, pornography edited its own history, leaving a distorted record both less problematic and less queer than scholars have yet recognized. Academic inquiry into pornography coincided with home-video boom years, and research often took place in adult backrooms, necessarily because pornography was so poorly archived. Yet even as access has shifted from VHS to digital, the field has yet to reckon with how its interpretive frameworks were shaped by a material history in which the films that scholars watched were often altered from the versions patrons had seen in theaters. Gone from both straight and gay films were many transgressive sex acts that had frequently been staples of the genre, affecting the perceived oeuvre of nearly every hardcore filmmaker of the era. This article recovers the lost history of sexual media editing, arguing for a more carefully historicized interrogation of the commercial sources of our porn archives.
Archive Trouble
Authors: Embree Desirae
Published: April 2019

This short essay reflects on the material history of lesbian-produced adult media as well as the institutional and methodological problems that attend researching it. Denied entry into established adult entertainment markets, lesbian pornographers had to create their own adult media economies and infrastructures. Using archival objects as a point of entry into this history, this essay considers the material dimensions of women's labor as well as the immaterial cost of that labor, ultimately arguing that current approaches to adult media history fail to capture lesbian-produced texts or their unique modes of production, circulation, and reception.
Living as an Onna in Japanese Cinema
Authors: Icreverzi Kimberly
Published: April 2019

This essay situates the impossible volume of Japanese pink filmmaker Hamano Sachi's more than three hundred films as a reproductive labor, arguing that through its iterative enactments her filmmaking practice performs renewals that invigorate her life as an onna (woman) in cinema and make it possible in the first place. The argument advances that we might understand Hamano's pink cinema as a woman's cinema that rewrites sex in non-phallic terms, borrowing from the artist and social theorist Bini Adamczak's theory of circlusive sex. Reading the visual and aural techniques of Hamano's pink cinema alongside her autobiography, the conflicts and desires Hamano faces as a woman in film, which recruit her reproductive labor to nourish her very existence, are brought into conversation. Because the autobiography implicates structures of value located in legible, visible forms, the essay ultimately advocates for investing in the material articulations of Hamano's pink forms.
The Local and the Global in Primary Health Care
Authors: Jafflin Kristen
Published: April 2019

In the 1970s, the WHO embarked on an ambitious project to promote primary health care worldwide. The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) was one of the most successful parts of that effort, yet some national EPIs struggled to increase vaccination coverage while others were very successful. Drawing on documentary sources from the WHO Archives and Library, this paper traces the historical development of global EPI policy and compares the development of two programs: the high-performing EPI in Malawi and the low-performing one in Cameroon. Global advisers’ rigid adherence to then-current global policy and blindness to local conditions and historical legacies exacerbated problems faced by Cameroon's EPI, helping explain that program's weakness. In Malawi, in contrast, the similarity of global policy and local practices helped strengthen the EPI. Greater flexibility in pursuing program goals and attention to historical legacies could help future programs avoid similar counterproductive dynamics.
Lgbt Visibility and Anti-Gay Backlash
Authors: Angotti Nicole , McKay Tara , Robinson Rachel Sullivan
Published: April 2019

Throughout the 2000s, donor organizations successfully argued for the inclusion of men who have sex with men (msm) in the global response to HIV/AIDS. These efforts have had unintended consequences for msm and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (lgbt) populations in sub-Saharan Africa. Focusing on Malawi and Senegal, we find that donors’ emphasis on msm provided new urgency and sources of support for nascent lgbt- and msm-identified groups to organize around sexual identities and disseminate prevention strategies to their communities. These interventions increased the visibility of msm and lgbt populations in both countries; however, this new visibility also positioned msm and lgbt organizations between Western donors and political elites, contributing to political backlash against lgbt Malawians and Senegalese by the late 2000s. Further, while some msm- and lgbt-identified organizations in Malawi and Senegal ultimately expanded their activism to include lgbt rights, other HIV organizations working with msm to gain access to new donor funding did not advocate for the rights of lgbt populations. We discuss the implications of these processes for development initiatives and argue for a more expansive definition of health in HIV and development work to address a broader set of community concerns.
The (Economic) Development of Healthy Eating Habits
Authors: VanHeuvelen Tom , VanHeuvelen Jane S.
Published: April 2019

This research examines how gender and economic development interrelate to predict healthy eating behaviors, and how all three interrelate to predict health outcomes. The consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables has been identified by international NGOS, policymakers, and health advocates as an important way to improve health outcomes. However, attempts to change population diets often take highly individualistic approaches, which may overlook structural factors that influence access to and availability of healthy food options, and systematic differences in the propensity to enact health behaviors among populations with similar levels of access and availability. In response, we examine nationally representative data from 31 middle- and high-income countries from the health module of the 2011 International Social Survey Programme. Following analyses from multilevel gamma and linear regression models, we draw two main conclusions. First, women, but not men, tend to eat fresh fruits and vegetables more frequently in more developed countries. Second, there is substantial heterogeneity in health differences between men and women, depending on individual eating behaviors and national development context. We conclude by discussing the academic and policy implications for health and development of our findings regarding the effect of structural factors on eating behaviors and health outcomes.
KULLANICILARININ AKILLI TELEFONLARI DEĞERLENDİRMELERİ: KASTAMONU ŞEHİR MERKEZİNDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: Taner Neslişah
Published: April 2019

Son yıllarda, cep telefonu bir kişilerarası iletişim cihazından akıllı telefon olarak bilinen bir multimedya makinesine dönüşmüştür. Akıllı telefon olarak atfedilen bu cihazlar, tüketicilere günlük kişisel ve iş hayatlarında gelişmiş yetenek ve özellikler sunan, programlanabilir cep telefonlarıdır. Hızla değişen cep telefonu pazarında yeni nesil akıllı telefon üreticileri, toplumsal baskının da etkisiyle tüketicileri bu yeni teknolojiyi satın almaya ve kullanmaya yöneltmektedir. Farklı özellikleriyle çok fonksiyonlu teknolojik araçlar olarak sunulan akıllı telefonların, kullanıcıları tarafından hangi kriterler açısından tercih edildiğinin ve hangi özelliklerinin kullanılıp hangilerinin kullanılmadığının tespit edilmesi önem arz etmektedir.  Bu araştırmanın ana amacı, akıllı telefonların kullanıcıları tarafından değerlendirmelerini ölçmeye çalışmaktır. Literatür incelemesi sonucu elde edilen akıllı telefonları değerlendirme kriterleri- sosyal ihtiyaç, sosyal baskı, bağımlılık, hayatı kolaylaştırma-  incelenmiştir. .  Çalışma kapsamında Kastamonu şehir merkezinde yaşayan 200 akıllı telefon kullanıcısına yönelik anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Anket yoluyla elde edilen bilgilere Yüzde Analizi, Mertebeli Dereceleme, uygulanması sonucu Analizler sonucunda kullanıcıların akıllı telefonları tercih nedenleri, kullanım ve bağımlılık düzeyleri tespit edilmiştir. Literatürde yer alan faktörler doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile doğrulanmıştır. Çok Değişkenli Varyans Analizi (MANOVA) ile demografik özelliklerine göre gruplara ayrılan akıllı telefon kullanıcılarının değerlendirmeleri karşılaştırılarak aralarında fark olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
HİZMET İŞLETMELERİNDE MALIYET ANALİZİ: SİVAS NUMUNE HASTANESİ YANIK ÜNİTESİNDE YATAN HASTALARIN MALİYET ANALİZİ
Authors: HAZAR Erkan , İNCE Ali Rıza , ÇAM Selim , KARAGÖZ Naim
Published: April 2019

Amaç. Sivas Numune Hastanesi yanık ünitesinde 1 Mayıs 2012-15 Haziran 2013 tarihleri arasında yatarak tedavi edilen 68 hastadan toplanan veriler incelenmiş; hasta başına düşen ortalama maliyetler hesaplanmış ve analiz edilmiştir. Yöntem. İnceleme kapsamında yaş, yanık derecesi, yanık yüzdesi, yanık çeşidi, yatış günü verleri ve faturaları değerlendirilmiştir. İstatistiksel olarak hastaların yanık çeşidine göre oranları tespit edilmiş ve ayrı ayrı maliyetleri hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular. Hastaların %80,9’u sıcak su yanığına, %7,4’ü alev patlamasına, %4,4’ü süt yanığına, %4,4’ü buhar yanığına, %2,9’u elektrik yanığına maruz kaldıkları saptanmıştır. Sonuç. Yanık maliyetlerinin; yanık derecesine, yanık yüzdesine ve yatış gün sayısına bağımlı olduğu, yaş ve yanık çeşidinden bağımsız olduğu görülmüştür. Maliyeti artıran en önemli etkenin yatış gün sayısı olduğu belirlenmiş; 68 hastanın ortalama maliyetinin 1193,65 TL ve bir hastanın bir günlük yatış maliyetinin ortalama olarak 110,12 TL olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
АПРОБАЦІЯ МЕТОДИКИ БЕЗПЕРЕРВНОГО ВІДМІРЮВАННЯ СУБ’ЄКТИВНОГО ТЕПЕРІШНЬОГО (ЗА О. В. ПОЛУНІНИМ): ПІЛОТАЖНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ
Authors: Савчин Олександр
Published: April 2019

У статті розглядається метод дослідження порціювання темпорального досвіду людини, зокрема феномену суб’єктивного теперішнього. Зосередження на феномені суб’єктивного теперішнього зумовлене тим, що це є єдиним безпосередньо даним досвідом, тоді як усі інші часові модуси є свого роду проекціями, якими наповнюється власне суб’єктивне теперішнє. Описано сучасні альтернативні підходи до суті фе­номену суб’єктивного теперішнього, окреслені фізикалістська та феноменологічна парадигми. Відпо­відно до цього для дослідження було обрано їх поєднання, зокрема за допомогою розробленого О. В. По­луніним методу безперервного відмірювання суб’єктивного теперішнього. На основі цього було реалізовано піло­тажне дослідження зі збором як числової емпірики, так і феноменологічних даних, а також зворот­ного зв’язку задля перевірки грамотності використання методики та означення потенційних місць для корективів та покращення. Завдяки проведеному пілотажному дослідженню зібрано дані щодо трива­лості суб’єктивного теперішнього та динаміки його зміни та зіставлено їх із результатами інших досліджень з використанням методики безперервного відмірювання. Іншим важливим джерелом даних було проведене опісля застосування методики інтерв’ю, на основі якого було окреслено феноменологічні характеристики межування суб’єктивних теперішніх як відображення порціювання досвіду особистості, зокрема щодо окреслення критерію межування суб’єктивних теперішніх, індивідуального феноменологічного досвіду при цьому та міри усвідомленості цього процесу. Здійснене пілотажне дослідження відкриває шлях до подаль­шого використання методики як у чистій, так і модифікованій формі відповідно до специфіки наступних досліджень суб’єктивного теперішнього.
Hacia el fomento de la cultura tributaria desde la primera infancia
Authors: Chía Suárez María Ana Martina , Gómez Quiñónez Juan Andrés , López Ruíz Cristian Camilo , Porras Mejía Sergio Alonso
Published: April 2019

El presente artículo es resultado de la investigación dirigida hacia el tema de cultura tributaria desde la primera infancia, atendiendo lo anterior a que diferentes países en el mundo enfrentan problemas de recaudo de impuestos, a lo que no es ajena Colombia, por lo que la Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales (Dian) debe lidiar con diversas estrategias para lograr que los contribuyentes avancen en una cultura de responsabilidad tributaria para poder cumplir con la política social del Estado, en lo cual es relevante el reconocimiento de experiencias en otros países. En razón a la problemática de recaudo, la investigación propuso estrategias de educación que contribuyeran a la minimización de la evasión y elusión fiscal para mejorar la disposición de recursos de desarrollo nacional. Se consideraron propuestas de pedagogía en cultura tributaria expuestas por organizaciones internacionales, buscando destacar los efectos de la evasión en las problemáticas económicas, sociales y ambientales del país. Por lo tanto, se expusieron pautas para avanzar en una cultura de pago de las obligaciones tributarias de acuerdo con las normativas del Ministerio de Educación Nacional.
Winter positions of Arctic front during periods of cooling and warming
Authors: Mikhailov A. Yu. , Zolotokrylin A. N. , Titkova T. B.
Published: April 2019

Winter positions of the Arctic front (AF) during the known periods of the climate cooling (1949–1980) and warming (1981–2012) were analyzed within the sector 10° W – 60° E. The AF positios were determined by the following indicators: 1) a surface pressure; 2) horizontal wind divergence; 3) geostrophic vortex; 4) geostrophic heat advection. The main extrema of these four dynamic characteristics coincide and fall on the latitude 72.5° N. This corresponds to the average position of the AF for a given resolution and confirms correctness of our choice of these characteristics as the AF indicators. Relative differences between mean profiles of all values of the above warm and cold periods were calculated using method of normalization of each value for the corresponding latitude by the standard deviation for the entire period (1949–2012). To study variability of the AF position we used mean yearly winter profiles of the variables under investigation together with the statistical analysis of positions of the extrema within the latitude degrees. For pressure and geostrophic advection positions of the absolute minima were determined while for geostrophic vortex and divergence – positions of the absolute maxima. The data show that according to different criteria the AF average positions for the period 1949–2012 lie within the zone 72.4–73.4 N. The interannual variability of the AF positions lies within the 1–2 degrees of latitude and corresponds to the range of the air temperature variability above the zone of maximal changes in the sea ice area. According to the standard deviation values of the divergence and the geostrophic vortex are the most stable in region of the AF passage. Comparison of differences of the studied characteristics between the warm and cold periods shows that the changes in the AF positions are not statistically significant (P(t) < 91% t‑criterion) unlike the changes in positions of isolines which characterize the warming (P(t) = 100%). Thus, despite significant changes in properties of the surface and the temperature regime to the north of 72.5 N (the warming), according to all the criteria the AF climatic position remains quasi‑stationary for 32‑year periods of averaging.
Rock glaciers in the Suntar‑Khayata Range
Authors: Lytkin V. M. , Galanin A. A.
Published: April 2019

The remote map‑making technique and results of field investigations made possible for the first time to reveal a great number of rock glaciers within the area of the Suntar‑Khayata Range (North‑East Asia). A total of 540 formations were identified. Among them, 47 rock glaciers were classified as corrie (cirque) tongue‑shaped formations and 493 ones – as niche lobe‑shaped (single‑ and multi‑lobe) rock glaciers. Occurrence of such formations is 8.4/100 km2, that is the largest in the North‑East Asia. The rock glaciers in this region are found within a range of true altitudes from 1297 up to 2402 m asl. The majority of active features, however, are confined to the interval between 1500 and 1900 m asl. Rock glaciers occur in the altitudinal range of 1297 to 2402 m asl. The majority of active features, however, are confined to the interval between 1500 and 1900 m asl, and the main part of active formations is located within the range of 1500‑2500 m. The frequency analysis of true altitudes of the rock‑glacier occurrence indicates that their formation can be caused by the hypsometry of the region relation to morphoclimatic zonality.
Coastal fast ice in the Shokalski Strait
Authors: Borodkin V. A. , Makshtas A. P. , Bogorodsky P. V.
Published: April 2019

Field investigations of coastal fast ice near the research station Ice Base on the «Cape Baranova», carried out in 2013–2014, made possible to reveal a number of characteristics of the sea ice cover formation. It has been shown that during winter and early spring the sea ice thickness, being formed due to intensive snow drift and caused by that flooding of the ice cover just near the coast of the Bolshevik Island, substantially grows at its upper boundary, that is typical for the Antarctic seas. At the same time, similar process of the ice growth at a relatively short distance from the coast shows all features characteristic for the ice cover in the Arctic seas, and that is well reproduced by the conceptual numerical sea ice model. Thus, the region of the Ice Base «Cape Baranova» represents a natural laboratory for studying the processes of the sea ice formation in both, the Arctic and Antarctic seas under condition of the same atmospheric forcing. Transformation of the fast ice structure during the summer time is described. Results of the investigations has demonstrated that despite the radical changes in the structure thicknesses of the fast ice remained almost unchanged due to the ice growth on the bottom boundary of the ice cover until a destruction of it in August.
Importance of ice for the «White Olympics»
Authors: Renkel A. F.
Published: April 2019

Organization of any winter Olympic game, often called as «White Olympics», requires interfacing between sports, technology and glaciology. History of the Olympic winter games and the Norwegian figure skater Sonia Henie, first and the only three-time Olympic champion (1928, 1932, 1936) in ladies figure skating, is presented in the article. Leaving the amateurish sport, Henie became a Hollywood star of the ballet on ice. She was introduced to the inventor Frank Zamboni, who created the ice re-surfacer (the ice-cleaning combine) to restore the ice on skating rinks. Using the combine by Henie during her tours in the United States served to advertise this machine, and the name Zamboni had become a trademark for machines «Zamboni».
ALGUNOS CONCEPTOS PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LA INDUCCIÓN SEMÁNTICA DE LA ACCIÓN SOCIAL
Authors: Mora Alvarado Maynor Antonio
Published: April 2019

En este breve artículo se propone la necesidad de problematizar la teoría de la acción social desde un punto de vista complejo, lo que implica la posibilidad de ampliar las tesis del individualismo metodológico, así como las tesis del sujeto (sea desde un punto de vista liberal o marxista). Esto con el fin de realizar una descripción o acercamiento a la amplitud en cuanto al alcance actual de la acción social y sus derroteros evidentemente sistémicos, por encima de los procesos de constitución y desarrollo de la denominada vida humana consciente.
ENTREVISTA AL DR. ELÍAS CAPRILES ARIAS DURANTE SU VISITA COMO PROFESOR INVITADO A LA ESCUELA DE FILOSOFÍA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL.
Authors: Hernádez Castro Esteban Alonso
Published: April 2019

Presentación: En el mes de junio la Escuela de Filosofía de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, en coordinación con el proyecto Pensamos Dialogando, contó con la grata visita del Dr. Elías Capriles Arias, quien realizó una serie de actividades académicas en las cuales presentó algunos de los temas más importantes de su larga trayectoria como académico, practicante e instructor de Santi Maha Sangha en la comunidad de budismo dzogchen. Presentamos aquí una breve entrevista con el tema de uno de sus últimos trabajos: Alienación, crisis ecológico-económica y regeneración. Esencia, desarrollo y modos de producción de la alienación, y erradicación de esta en el ecomunismo decrecentista y libertario.
SOBRE LA NATURALEZA INTERNA DEL CONOCIMIENTO Y LA IMPOSIBILIDAD DEL ESCEPTICISMO
Authors: González Estrada Allan
Published: April 2019

Al menos en las tres últimas décadas, la posición representacionalista ha sido el enfoque principal al problema metafísico de la conciencia. Desde ese punto de vista, la explicación de la conciencia, en términos físicos, intencionales y externos, es posible en tanto el cerebro en sí es excluido de una posible fuente de la conciencia. Sin embargo, esta posición es altamente problemática. Ofrezco aquí otra visión, basada en un abordaje internalista de la experiencia e intencionalidad por medio de un fisicalismo no reduccionista, en la que se explica que es el mejor camino para explicar la naturaleza de nuestra consciencia fenoménica e intencionalidad. Esta posición evita el problema del escepticismo, a la vez que es una explicación sencilla de la naturaleza metafísica y epistemológica de la realidad.
Disparities in Inpatient Intensity of End-of-Life Care for Complex Chronic Conditions
Authors: Johnston Emily E. , Bogetz Jori , Saynina Olga , Chamberlain Lisa J. , Bhatia Smita , Sanders Lee
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND:

Children with complex chronic conditions (CCCs) require a disproportionate share of health care services and have high mortality rates, but little is known about their end-of-life care.

METHODS:

We performed a retrospective population-based analysis using a California State administrative database of children aged 1 to 21 years with a CCC who died of disease-related causes between 2000 and 2013. Rates of and sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with previously defined inpatient end-of-life intensity indicators were determined. The intensity indicators included: (1) hospital death, (2) receipt of a medically intense intervention within 30 days of death (ICU admission, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, hemodialysis, and/or intubation), and (3) having ≥2 intensity markers (including hospital death).

RESULTS:

There were 8654 children in the study population with a mean death age of 11.8 years (SD 6.8). The 3 most common CCC categories were neuromuscular (47%), malignancy (43%), and cardiovascular (42%). Sixty-six percent of the children died in the hospital, 36% had a medically intense intervention in the last 30 days of life, and 35% had ≥2 intensity markers. Living in a low-income neighborhood was associated with increased odds of hospital death, a medically intense intervention, and ≥2 intensity markers. Hispanic and “other” race and/or ethnicity were associated with hospital death and ≥2 intensity markers. Age 15 to 21 years was associated with hospital death, a medically intense intervention, and ≥2 intensity markers.

CONCLUSIONS:

Sociodemographic disparities in the intensity of end-of-life care for children with CCCs raise concerns about whether all children are receiving high-quality and goal-concordant end-of-life care.
Hannah Arendt’s doxa glorifying judgment and exemplarity – a potentially public space
Authors: Assy Bethânia
Published: April 2019

Através da leitura que Heidegger faz de Aletheia, Arendt vincula a noção de verdade à de aparência ao custo de desmantelar a conhecida dicotomia entre o ser verdadeiro e a mera aparência, deslocando a verdade do domínio dos noumena ao dos phenomena enquanto reino da visibilidade, o domínio doxástico da ação política. Doxa como desvelamento não mais nos conduz à adequação cognitiva do self interno, mas antes à dimensão arendtiana cognitiva interpessoal de seres humanos no mundo: quem nós somos no espaço público. Será mostrado que não há nenhuma contradição entre dialética e persuasão, na medida em que Arendt desloca o registro positivo da doxa em direção a suas considerações sobre a faculdade de julgar, reforçando a primazia da comunicabilidade, pluralidade e diversidade de pontos de vista na construção da doxa quando alguém constitui sua visão particular e única no mundo. Finalmente, mostrar-se-á que a amizade deve ser tomada como o tipo de insight político por excelência, enquanto praxis de ver o mundo a partir da perspectiva do outro. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Amizade espaço público. Comunicabilidade. Doxa, praxis. ABSTRACT Through Heidegger’s reading of Aletheia, Arendt links the notion of truth to appearance at the expense of dismantling the well-known dichotomy between true being and mere appearance, displacing truth from the domain of noumena to the realm of phenomena which is the realm of visibility, the doxastic domain of political action. Doxa as uncovering no longer leads to the cognitive adequation of the inner self, but rather to Arendt’s main interpersonal dimension of men into the appearing world: who we are in the public space. Thus, it will be asserted that there is by no means sheer contradiction between the dialectics and persuasion. It will also be claimed that Arendt displaces the positive account of doxa toward her considerations on the faculty of judging, reinforcing the primacy of communicability, plurality and diversity of viewpoints in building up someone’s doxa, in how one constitutes ones particular view and uniqueness, into the world. Finally, friendship is claimed to hold the political kind of insight par excellence, as the praxis of seeing the world from the other’s viewpoint. KEY WORDS – Communicability. Doxa. Friendship. Praxis. Public space.
Rawls, Hegel e o liberalismo da liberdade
Authors: Ramos Cesar Augusto
Published: April 2019

Este artigo procura examinar a avaliação de Rawls acerca de alguns aspectos da filosofia política de Hegel. Rawls interpreta Hegel como um liberal de mente moderadamente reformista, e seu liberalismo é um importante exemplar na história do liberalismo da liberdade. Pretendemos, primeiramente, examinar o estatuto do liberalismo de Hegel, particularmente a questão da liberdade individual. Em segundo lugar, apresentamos alguns aspectos do entendimento de Rawls acerca deste liberalismo. A plausibilidade da filosofia política de Hegel é questionada, quando Rawls analisa a sua possível contribuição à luz do liberalismo político. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Liberalismo. Liberdade. Liberalismo politico. Hegelianismo. ABSTRACT This article seeks to examine Ralws’s evaluation about some features of Hegel’s political philosophy. Rawls interprets Hegel as a liberal, with a moderately reforming mind, and his liberalism is an important exemplar in the history of liberalism of freedom. We intend, first, to examine Hegel’s liberalism statute, particularly the individual freedom issue. Second, we present some aspects of Rawls’s understanding about this liberalism. Hegel’s political philosophy plausibility is questioned, when Rawls analyses his possible contribution in the light of political liberalism. KEY WORDS – Liberalism. Freedom. Political liberalism. Hegelianism.
Derrida’s Critique of Husserl and the philosophy of Presence
Authors: Allison David B.
Published: April 2019

O autor reexamina a crítica de Derrida à fenomenologia de Husserl de forma a mostrar como a sua coerência estrutural emerge não tanto de uma redução a uma doutrina particular, mas antes das exigências de uma concepção unitária, especificamente impostas pelas determinações epistemológicas e metafísicas da presença. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Desconstrução. Derrida. Fenomenologia. Husserl. Presença. Significado. ABSTRACT – The author reexamines Derrida’s critique of Husserl’s phenomenology, so as to show how its structural coherency arises not so much from the reduction to a particular doctrine, but rather from the demands of a unitary conception, specifically from the demands imposed by the epistemological and metaphysical determinations of presence. KEY WORDS – Deconstruction. Derrida. Husserl. Meaning. Phenomenology. Presence.
Verdade, interpretação e objetividade em Donald Davidson
Authors: Arruda José Maria
Published: April 2019

Donald Davidson foi um dos filósofos mais influentes da tradição analítica da segunda metade do século. A unidade de sua obra é constituída pelo papel central que reflexão sobre como podemos interpretar os proferimentos de um outro falante desempenha para a compreensão da natureza do significado. Davidson adota o ponto de vista metodológico de um intérprete que não pode pressupor nada sobre o significado das palavras de um falante e que não possui nenhum conhecimento detalhado de suas atitudes proposicionais. Neste artigo, eu apresento inicialmente a estrutura e os pressupostos da filosofia da linguagem de Davidson; passo depois a uma discussão sobre a importância do princípio de caridade para seu projeto interpretativo e, por fim, procuro apontar as diferenças do projeto de Davidson com a hermenêutica filosófica. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Interpretação radical. Princípio de caridade. Hermenêutica. ABSTRACT Donald Davidson was one of the most influential philosophers in the analytic tradition in the last half of the twenthy century. The unity of his work lies in the central role that the reflection on how we are able to interpret the speech of another plays in undestanding the nature of meaning. Davidson adopts the standpoint of the interpreter of the speech of another whose evidence does not, at the outset, pressupose anything about what the speaker’s words mean or any datailed knowledge of his propositional attitudes. This is the position of the radical interpreter. In this paper, I begin with an account of the assumptions and structure of Davidson’s philosophy of language; after this I discuss the philosophical importance of the principle of charity for the theory of radical interpretation and, at the end, I compare Davidson’s interpretative project to the philosophical hermeneutic. KEY WORDS – Radical interpretation. Principle of charity. Hermeneutics.
O fim da tradução
Authors: Sallis John
Published: April 2019

O presente artigo trata da questão da tradução, discutindo, em autores como Hegel, Nietzsche, Heidegger e Gadamer, a possibilidade e o sentido da tradução. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Tradução. Hegel. Nietzsche. Heidegger. Gadamer. ABSTRACT This paper focuses the question of translation, by discussing the possibility and the sense of translation in Hegel, Nietzsche, Heidegger e Gadamer. KEY WORDS – Translation. Hegel. Nietzsche. Heidegger. Gadamer.
Libertà e contingenza della fruizione beatifica nello scotismo del primo ’300
Authors: Alliney Guido
Published: April 2019

Este estudo tem como objeto a recepção da teoria scotista da vontade no início do século 14. Interesse precípuo é o modo como autores, sobretudo franciscanos, a partir das Universidades de Paris e de Oxford, discutiram sobre a possibilidade de uma escolha livre ou de um ato da própria vontade, por parte dos bemaventurados, quando da visão de Deus. Para tanto, pressuposições gerais da teoria scotista da vontade são apresentadas, bem como as inovações dos filósofos influenciados por Scotus. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Teoria scotista da vontade. Visão beatífica. Liberdade. Influência do pensamento scotista no século 14. ABSTRACT This study aims to analyse the reception of Scotus’s theory of will in the beginning of the 14th Century. The main interest is the way some authors, specially Franciscan thinkers, departing from the Universities of Paris and Oxford, discussed about the possibility for the blessed of a free choice or an act of the will itself concerning the vision of God. For this purpose, general pressupositions of Scotus’s theory of will shall be presented, as well as the innovations of those philosophers influenced by Scotus. KEY WORDS – Scotus’s theory of will. Beatific vision. Freedom. Influence os Scotistic thought in the 14th Century.
Schlomo ibn Gabirol (Avicebron) – A fonte da vida – Tratado primeiro
Authors: Macedo Cecilia Cintra Cavaleiro de
Published: April 2019

---
Editorial Preface
Authors: Almeida Claudio de
Published: April 2019

---
Cartesian Skepticism, Content Externalism, and Self-Knowledge
Authors: Brueckner Anthony
Published: April 2019

Há um argumento cético clássico derivado das Meditações sobre a filosofia primeira. Este artigo oferece uma formulação contemporânea padrão do argumento, pretendendo mostrar que ninguém sabe qualquer coisa sobre o mundo extramental. A obra de Hilary Putnam na filosofia da linguagem e da mente parece fornecer uma resposta a uma versão atualizada do argumento cético cartesiano. Em sua maior parte, este artigo é dedicado a uma análise e crítica das meditações anti-céticas de Putnam. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Descartes. Putnam. Ceticismo. Cérebros em cubas. Externalismo de conteúdo. ABSTRACT There is a classical skeptical argument that derives from Descartes’s Meditations on first Philosophy. This paper offers a standard contemporary formulation of the argument, which purports to show that no one knows anything about the world that exists outside our minds. The work of Hilary Putnam in the philosophy of language and mind seems to afford an answer to an updated version of the Cartesian skeptical argument. The bulk of this paper is devoted to an analysis and critique of Putnam’s anti-skeptical meditations. KEY WORDS – Descartes, Putnam, Skepticism, Brains in vats, Content externalism.
Justificação, coerência e circularidade
Authors: Burdzinski Júlio César
Published: April 2019

Este artigo está organizado do seguinte modo: na primeira seção, apresento as raízes histórico-filosóficas dos problemas do conhecimento e da justificação; na segunda, traço a distinção entre verdade e justificação epistêmica; a terceira seção é dedicada ao problema da circularidade, problema tradicionalmente imputado ao coerentismo; na quarta seção, apresento uma noção heterodoxa de justificação, a justificação sistêmica; na quinta, apresento e critico uma outra noção heterodoxa de justificação, a justificação inferencial não-linear; na sexta seção, apresento mais algumas distinções importantes e destaco as formas proposicional e doxástica da justificação; o exame destas formas é desenvolvido subseqüentemente na sétima seção; concluo o artigo com uma reflexão acerca da natureza e dos limites de minha proposta. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Conhecimento. Coerentismo. Circularidade. Justificação epistêmica. Justificação proposicional. Justificação doxástica. ABSTRACT This paper has the following structure: on the first section, I report on the historical and philosophical roots of the problems of knowledge and justification; on the second, I lay out the distinction between truth and epistemic justification; the third section is devoted to the problem of circularity, a problem often attributed to coherentism; on the fourth section, I introduce an unorthodox notion of justification, systemic justification; on the fifth, I present and criticize another unorthodox notion of justification, non-linear inferential justification; on the sixth, I discuss a few other distinctions and focus on the propositional and doxastic forms of justification; the examination of those forms is subsequently developed on the seventh section; I conclude with a reflection on the nature and limits of my proposal. KEY WORDS – Knowledge. Coherentism. Circularity. Epistemic justification. Propositional justification. Doxastic justification.
A Case Against Closure
Authors: Olin Doris
Published: April 2019

Este artigo examina a objeção ao fechamento [dedutivo] que surge no contexto de certos paradoxos epistêmicos, paradoxos cuja conclusão é que a crença justificada pode ser inconsistente. É universalmente aceito que, se essa conclusão é correta, o fechamento deve ser rejeitado, para que se evite a crença justificada em enunciados contraditórios (P, ~P). Mas, mesmo que os argumentos desses paradoxos – o paradoxo da falibilidade (do prefácio) e o paradoxo da loteria – sejam mal-sucedidos, eles, ainda assim, sugerem a existência de evidência independente para uma objeção mais direta contra o fechamento. O exame do argumento da falibilidade revela uma exigência de modéstia epistêmica que viola o fechamento a partir de múltiplas premissas. A reflexão sobre o paradoxo da loteria nos confronta com um dilema em que cada alternativa fornece um contra-exemplo ao fechamento a partir de uma única premissa. Seja ou não possível a inconsistência racional, há uma objeção contra o fechamento. PALAVRAS-CHAVE – Fechamento dedutivo. Falibilidade. Paradoxo da Loteria. Paradoxo do Prefácio. Justificação. Inconsistência. ABSTRACT This paper examines the case against closure that arises in the context of certain epistemic paradoxes, paradoxes whose conclusion is that it is possible for justified belief to be inconsistent. It is generally agreed that if this conclusion is correct, closure must be rejected in order to avoid justified belief in contradictory statements (P, ~P). But even if the arguments of these paradoxes – the fallibility (preface) paradox and the lottery paradox – are unsuccessful, they nonetheless suggest independent grounds for a more direct case against closure. Examination of the fallibility argument reveals a requirement of epistemic modesty that violates multiple premise closure. Reflection on the lottery paradox presents us with a dilemma in which each alternative provides a counterexample to single premise closure. Whether or not rational inconsistency is possible, there is a case against closure. KEY WORDS – Closure. Fallibility. Lottery paradox. Preface paradox. Justification. Inconsistency.