bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying Transformations in Labor and Production Activities of Industrial Park Workers in the Context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution: A Case Study of Dong Nai Industrial Parks
Authors: Thi Quynh Anh Nguyen
Published: December 2024

The Fourth Industrial Revolution has been a pivotal force driving transformations in labor and production activities, including innovations in production methods and improvements in working environments. These developments profoundly impact workers across all sectors. In industrial parks, technological advancements significantly influence how workers perform their jobs, necessitating rapid adaptation and continuous skill enhancement in an increasingly professional and competitive working environment. The adoption of technology in production processes enhances efficiency, increases productivity, reduces costs, and improves product quality. However, it also poses challenges such as technological unemployment for workers. Dong Nai, one of the provinces with the largest number of industrial parks in Vietnam, has attracted investors from 43 countries and territories, maintaining its position as an industrial hub in recent years. In Dong Nai’s industrial parks, the intensification of technology transfer and development presents both challenges and opportunities. These dynamics enable workers to enhance their skills, boost competitiveness, and integrate more deeply into global value chains. This paper analyzes key transformations in the labor and production activities of workers in Dong Nai’s industrial parks amidst the context of this new industrial revolution. It also proposes solutions to enhance the capabilities and skills of industrial park workers to meet current demands.
Joseph Raz’s Theory of the Legal System and Implications for the Study of Legal Theory in Vietnam
Authors: Thien Tu Huynh
Published: December 2024

Legal theory inquiries in Vietnam today focus mainly on the relationship between power and the nature of the law, which is concretized as the relationship between the state and society in relation to power. This article introduces Joseph Raz’s conception of the “legal system” and discusses the theory of the legal system in light of the theories held by classical legal positivists such as Austin and Kelsen to modern legal positivists such as Hart and Raz. Throughout the article, theory of a legal system is analyzed alongside popular conceptions of law and the legal system in Vietnam to clarify the applicability of Raz’s theory to Vietnamese legal inquiries. The article then provides some implications for the future study of the rule of law and legal theory in Vietnamese legal research.
Korean Law and the Middle-Income Trap
Authors: Duc Nguyen Tien
Published: December 2024

The middle-income trap has haunted developing economies due to concerns about growth stagnation and cornered national economies, resulting in numerous social consequences. South Korea is one of the Asian countries that has successfully defeated the middle-income trap. This article analyzes the role of Korean law in sustaining economic growth, lifting Korea out of the middle-income trap in the 1990s. The Korean experience shows that law has a guiding effect on bolstering industrial specialization, promoting high-quality human resources and facilitating the process of decentralization to effectively allocate resources, contributing to providing economic growth.
Provisions on Complicity in the Criminal Code 2015 and Practical Issues
Authors: Chi Nguyen Kim
Published: December 2024

Crime committed in the form of complicity causes serious consequences for society. Simultaneously, such crimes are easier to evade and conceal, making them more difficult for the authorities to detect. Based on evaluating the current provisions on complicity in the Criminal Code 2015 (amended in 2017), the article clarifies a number of theoretical issues regarding complicity and proposes legal solutions to practical problems. These solutions shall contribute to establishing a solid legal basis to prevent and combat crime in the form of complicity, including its special forms - “organized crime”- an urgent requirement in the forthcoming period.
The Limitation on Human Rights in Accordance with International Standards and Its Application for Cyberspace in Vietnam
Authors: Kien Tuong Duy
Published: December 2024

Human rights are sacred and inalienable for every individual and every citizen. Nonetheless, not all human rights are absolute. In fact, some human rights can be subject to limitations in particular circumstances where the State can impose some measures to restrict certain rights to protect national security, public order, social morality and other’s rights and freedoms. This article makes an in-depth analysis of the derogation or restriction of human rights and freedoms in accordance with international standards and its application in cyberspace in Vietnam today. The author proposes some solutions and recommendations for the improvement of institutions and laws, aligning them with international standards on derogation and fulfilling the requirement for respecting and ensuring human rights under the socialist rule-of-law state as Vietnam enters a new era of growth and development.
Legal Writing in the United Kingdom: Impact on The Professional Development of Law Students
Authors: Ha Do Thi
Published: December 2024

Legal writing is not only an essential skill for the career of those practicing law, but also an integral part of the training process at law schools in the UK. It is a mandatory subject in the undergraduate law degree (LLB) and a prerequisite course in the master's law program (LLM) at both intermediate and advanced levels. Known by various names and often combined with other subjects such as Legal Communication and Writing, Legal Research and Writing Skills, Legal Scholarship, etc., it typically spans two credits in the curriculum. This paper will analyze the teaching methods of Legal Writing Skills in UK law schools and the impact of legal writing on the professional development of law students. Using secondary sources, the paper will demonstrate how legal writing not only improves communication and argumentation skills of law students but also develops their critical thinking and deepens their understanding of the law. Moreover, legal writing poses significant challenges for learners, and innovative teaching methods are truly necessary to better prepare law students for their future professional development
ANALISIS PENGARUH PERUBAHAN TATA GUNA LAHAN MENGGUNAKAN EPA-SWMM DI DAS KRUKUT
Authors: Firmansyah Arief , Kurniyaningrum Endah , Herlina Liana , Misshuari Imas Wihdah , Amin Rais
Published: December 2024

Flooding in Jakarta, a lowland area traversed by several rivers, has become a recurring challenge due to increased development, business activities, and land-use changes. This study aims to calculate the design flood discharge for various return periods and analyze the impact of land-use changes on flooding in the Krukut River Basin. The analysis utilized ArcGIS for land-use changes and EPA-SWMM for hydrological and hydraulic simulations. Results indicate that changes in land cover have led to an increase in flood discharge, for instance, in the 2-year return period from 106.01 m³/s (2006) to 108.25 m³/s (2017), and in the 100-year return period from 204.61 m³/s (2006) to 208.93 m³/s (2017). Mitigation efforts, such as the implementation of infiltration wells, were effective in reducing flood discharge, with EPA-SWMM simulations showing a reduction in the 100-year return period from 208.93 m³/s to 186.22 m³/s. This study recommends the implementation of infiltration wells and the enforcement of spatial planning regulations (RTRW) as conservation strategies to mitigate flood risks in the Krukut River Basin.
“The Vision Splendid"
Authors: Cotter Graeme
Published: December 2024

This paper takes its lead from the Federal Government publication ‘Future Made in Australia’ (2024), and critiques Government plans to make Australia ‘an indispensable part of global supply chains’. In view of the Government objective of making Australia a ‘Renewable Energy Superpower’ from a manufacturing base of clean energy technologies, renewable hydrogen, green metals, and low-carbon liquid fuels, the paper reviews some of the comparative advantages Australia possesses that might make this vision a reality. It also highlights from a historical perspective, some of the disadvantages that might inhibit fulfillment of the Government plans.
            Following a narrative literature review methodology, the paper finds that any revival of manufacturing in Australia to engage global supply chains would face a steep challenge due to Australia’s high wage structure. On a brighter note, possibilities in clean energy domestic manufacturing appear promising. Government plans to achieve 82% renewable energy in electricity grids by 2030 look to be achievable if the present Government retains office, and appropriate public support is forthcoming. Green hydrogen/ammonia power generation looks almost certain to replace aging coal plants, again provided support is appropriate in the critical development stages.
            On present analysis, this paper finds that Government support and financial assistance to industry towards eventual Renewable Energy Superpower status appears to be substantially less than required for a home-grown industry to develop. International investment partnerships would appear to be the only avenue forward if Australia is to realise its comparative advantage of wide open spaces and abundant wind and sun.
AI for Creating Safer School in Indonesia
Authors: Nofal Arif Rahmanda , Gupta Mansee
Published: December 2024

While Indonesia's access to education has improved, its quality remains a concern, particularly in addressing widespread social issues like bullying. Schools need innovative solutions that provide real-time insights and enable timely interventions, and AI offers promising advancements in this area. However, the implementation of AI-based monitoring systems faces challenges, not only due to technological limitations but also significant ethical concerns. This study examines the ethical considerations surrounding the use of AI video analytics in detecting and preventing bullying in schools. By applying the ethical frameworks of Utilitarianism, Deontology, and Virtue Ethics, the research provides a comprehensive evaluation of whether AI can be ethically integrated into school surveillance systems. The findings suggest that while AI video analytics can enhance student safety and well-being by reducing harm, there are significant ethical concerns related to privacy, potential biases, and the risk of undermining the role of teachers. The study concludes that AI systems can be ethically justified if implemented with transparent privacy safeguards, continuous refinement to avoid bias, and careful integration to support teachers. These findings offer practical recommendations for policymakers and educators on the responsible implementation of AI in educational environments.
Detection of DDOS Attack in Cloud Computing Environment using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Swati Jaiswal  , Kartik Chaudhari  , Yash Saravane  , Spandan Surdas  , Kiran Gawali
Published: December 2024

One of the most severe threats against cloud systems is Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. DDoS attacks create a type of resource crippling by flooding the system with abnormal traffic, hence overwhelming all the resources like memory, CPU, and network bandwidth, bringing the services out of reach to legitimate users. It becomes quite difficult to detect such attacks when the requests originate from hundreds of geographically dispersed sources. As such, we propose an ANN-based DDoS attack detection approach that leans on machine learning to enhance the accuracy and efficiency in detecting attacks. The ANN model is designed to pick out underlying patterns in the network traffic and distinguish between legitimate and malicious activities that might originate from either side, thus reducing false positives and false negatives. A particular advantage of cloud computing is its scalability, through which changing demands can be catered to, but it needs robust security against DDoS attacks in order to maintain the service. This ANN-based approach especially focuses on ethical AI principles and sustainability, while being non-discriminatory in access to services. For it reduces errors to ensure fairness in detection, fine-tuning for energy efficiency also turns out to lead to a smaller ecological footprint.
Study on the Role of AI in Transforming HR Practices in Pune's IT Industry
Authors: Yedake Amar , Gopalakrishan G , Ghavate Sujata , Kumari Aishwarya
Published: December 2024

This research study examines the evolving role of AI (Artificial Intelligence) in human resources, aiming on how IT employees perceive and engage with AI Automation at their workplace. It highlights the impact of AI technologies on employee identity, job security, and job satisfaction, while noting significant research gaps in understanding AI's influence on workforce dynamics. The literature classifies AI into categories like general AI tools, machine learning, and robotics, each affecting workplace interactions differently. A major concern is the "dark side" of AI, which may reduce employee autonomy and transparency, impacting their identity and sense of purpose. The research emphasizes AI's transformative potential in HR functions such as recruitment, training & development, performance evaluation and compliance management but also highlights challenges like resistance to change and ethical concerns about AI tools. It advocates for longitudinal studies to better understand AI's long-term effects and suggests that demographic factors may shape employee responses to AI. In conclusion, while AI could enhance HR operations, many questions remain about effective implementation of AI tools in HR functions. Future research should address these gaps to enable organizations to leverage AI for a more innovative and adaptable workforce.
Cuidados de enfermagem com cateteres venosos em pacientes oncológicos
Authors: Torres Harlla Eduarda Santana , Fernandes Thamara Goulart , Silva Rafael Pires , Gomes Helena Ferraz , Oliveira Raphael Monteiro de , Costa Carolina Cabral Pereira da
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi descrever os principais cuidados de enfermagem para a prevenção de infecção com cateteres venosos em pacientes adultos oncológicos. Métodos: Revisão integrativa com a seguinte questão de pesquisa: Quais os cuidados de enfermagem para prevenção de infecção com cateteres venosos em pacientes oncológicos? A busca foi realizada em abril de 2023 nas principais bases de dados da área da saúde. Resultados: Foram selecionados 15 estudos que destacaram como cuidados de enfermagem para a prevenção de infecção higiene das mãos; técnica asséptica antes, durante e após o procedimento de punção; avaliação do local de inserção; fixação adequada; higiene do local de inserção; troca de dispositivos; registro e documentação; educação em saúde; comunicação interdisciplinar e treinamento contínuo. Considerações finais: As informações extraídas dos estudos fornecem informações baseadas em evidências para a melhora da qualidade dos cuidados e segurança do paciente, visando a uma assistência de qualidade e o controle de infecções em pacientes oncológicos.
Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental como Intervenção de Educação Emocional em Crianças do Ensino Fundamental I
Authors: Alves Rebeca de Farias , Ferreira Luiza Sá Leitão Torres , Vieira Rosângela Ricardo , Rêgo Ana Flávia da Cunha Santos
Published: December 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a terapia cognitivo-comportamental como suporte na aprendizagem de emoções nas crianças de 6 a 10 anos, correspondentes ao ensino fundamental I. Métodos: Utilizando uma revisão integrativa, o estudo analisou diversos artigos selecionados a partir de bases de dados como BVS, LILACS, e SciELO, seguindo critérios rigorosos de inclusão e exclusão, sendo selecionados estudos dos últimos cinco anos, em inglês, disponíveis completos e gratuitos. Resultados: Foram analisados onze artigos e foi identificado suas intervenções e separadas em temáticas em comum. Os resultados mostraram que a identificação precoce e o manejo adequado das emoções são essenciais para o amadurecimento das crianças, impactando diretamente sua capacidade de realizar ações cotidianas. As limitações dos estudos analisados incluíram tamanhos amostrais pequenos, dependência de autorrelatos, e falta de acompanhamento a longo prazo. Assim, é sugerido, a partir das limitações, a necessidade de futuros estudos utilizarem ensaios controlados randomizados, incluindo dados observacionais e amostras mais heterogêneas. Considerações Finais: Por fim, é importante reforçar a importância de ampliar a diversidade das amostras e comprovar a assertividade das intervenções baseadas na TCC, garantindo a acessibilidade e eficácia em diferentes contextos sociais e culturais, incluindo mais estudos nacionais.
Clinical evaluation of a topical ceramide lotion on skin hydration and skin barrier in healthy volunteers with dry skin
Authors: Aich Biswajit , Kumbhar Preeti , Muchhala Snehal , Sanghavi Arti , Katare Sagar , Kotak Bhavesh
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

Ceramides are epidermal lipids important for normal skin barrier function. Reduced ceramide content is associated with dry skin and atopic dermatitis (AD) due to increased transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and worsening symptoms. Topical ceramide application restores barrier function and improves hydration by reducing TEWL. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a test product on skin hydration and TEWL on the volar forearms of adults, by comparing measurements at 12 and 24 h post-application.

Materials and Methods:

This single-center and non-randomized study evaluated the effect of Venusia CeraPlus lotion on volar forearms in volunteers with dry skin. Primary outcomes included MoistureMeterSC reading for hydration and VapoMeter reading for TEWL at 12- and 24-h post-application, comparing occluded and unoccluded sites.

Results:

The study enrolled 32 subjects with a mean age of 34.03 ± 9.41 years, out of which 87.5% were female. Application of Venusia CeraPlus lotion enhanced skin hydration compared to the control under both occluded and unoccluded conditions. Hydration increased from 13.57 ± 2.67 at baseline to 31.61 ± 11.34 at 12 h and 36.36 ± 10.77 at 24 h under occlusion (P < 0.001). TEWL was lower at the test site, with VapoMeter readings of 3.08 ± 2.32 at 24 h compared to 4.54 ± 2.76 at the control site, suggesting that the test product effectively preserved skin hydration and reduced TEWL compared to the control. No adverse reactions were reported.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrates that Venusia CeraPlus Lotion effectively maintains optimal skin hydration for up to 24 h and enhances barrier function, making it a promising option for treating dry skin and improving overall skin health in adults.
Water erosion of soils from runoff of melt snow water in agrolandscapes of southeastern Tomsk Oblast
Authors: Evseeva N. S. , Petrov A. I. , Hon A. V. , Kashiro M. A. , Kvasnikova Z. N.
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of long-term studies of water erosion of soils from meltwater runoff in agricultural landscapes of the southeast of Tomsk Oblast. Soil erosion is one of the main processes that contribute to the destruction of the soil cover and negatively affect environmental and food security. Therefore, the study of dangerous processes of soil degradation under the inﬂuence of precipitation washout is a relevant scientiﬁc area, which is reﬂected in the program of fundamental scientiﬁc research in the Russian Federation for the long term. The assessment of the intensity of soil erosion in the Basandaika River basin was carried out on the basis of long-

term studies using an integrated approach, including semi-stationary and route observations. It was found that the intensity of snowmelt and the development of soil erosion in the study area depend on a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors, such as slope exposure, steepness, microrelief, agricultural background, soil freezing depth, snow cover thickness and density. It was found that the highest intensity of soil erosion is observed on southern slopes, especially in years with active snowmelt on harrowed fallow land. Thus, the highest value of soil erosion for the period from 1988 to 2024 on southern slopes of agricultural lands was observed near forest belts and reached 40-80 m3/ha for fallow land, and 0.5-3 m3/ha for stubble and grass. Alternating strips of stubble and fallow land on arable land signiﬁcantly reduces the intensity of erosion. The values of the modules of maximum soil erosion of a given annual probability of exceedance for different key areas were determined. Such studies are necessary for developing recommendations for optimizing agrotechnical measures and models for predicting the development of soil erosion in the context of global climate change.
Axiological grounds for the construction of the mining and geological museum of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)
Authors: Tretyakova O. G. , Sychevsky A. V. , Popov V. F. , Kozlova I. V. , Tretyakova N. M.
Published: December 2024

The study deals with the history of exploration of the subsoil resources of the Sakha Republic (Yakutia), its huge and diverse geological and mineralogical potential. The authors analyse the existing museums devoted to geology and mineralogy, and put forward the idea of the necessity to create a large museum reﬂecting the history of geological exploration and development of mineral resources in the republic. The urgent need to create a mining and geological museum in Yakutsk, reﬂecting the history of geological exploration and development of mineral resources in the republic is emphasised. The concept of the museum as a powerful centre of scientiﬁc and educational education and a space of cultural exchange of society, based on axiological basis, is deﬁned. Its mission as propaganda and popularisation of knowledge about the Earth, preservation of unique geological fund of the republic, orientation and self-identiﬁcation of the person in the world of values is characterized.
Corruption and Public Service Delivery: Enforcement of Ethics to Curb Transgression in the Public Sector
Authors: Masenya Malesela Jim
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate corrupt practices in South African public sector and to recognize the critical need for ethical control to promote good governance. Since the advent of democracy in 1994, there has been a myriad of incidents of corruption involving public servants in South Africa. Corruption is now recognized as one of the South African government’s greatest challenge with numerous consequences for public service delivery in that the resources that are meant to assist the poor are diverted to benefit few corrupt officials. Corruption undermines democracy and social justice, thus, deepening poverty, increasing organized crime and stunting efforts to stimulate human security. The incidents of corruption characterized by colossal theft, embezzlements and rampant bribery are the basis of knowledge around the ability of the African National Congress (ANC) led government to deal effectively with dishonesty. The paper will use literature review to argue and demonstrate that despite the devotion by the ANC-led government to combat unethical conduct of public servants by formulating various pieces of legislation and policies as an attempt to address the problem of unethical behaviour; the tribulations of corruption and problems of immoral conduct by public servants continue to escalate, thus, perpetuating poor provision of public service. The paper concludes that continued unethical practices by public servants cannot go unpunished; ethics must be enforced to enhance public service delivery.
Emotional Intelligence and Work-Life Balance in Employees
Authors: Lamçja Dhurata
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Emotional Intelligence and work-life balance on the quality of life of workers. The study used a quantitative methodology to meet the objectives of the study. While on the other hand, primary data was collected from responses to questionnaires widely distributed on the Google Forms platform. The sample of the study consisted of workers from different public and private sectors in the city of Tirana. In general, the participants in this study were a young age group, newly familiar with work and as such may still be trying to balance not only work-family conflicts but also to manage emotional intelligence in the workplace. The results of the study showed that there is no significant relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Work-Family conflict among the study participants. However, there was a significant relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Family-Work conflicts. The study also found that a high emotional intelligence also translated into a better quality of life among the study respondents, and these results varied depending on age, gender, education, length of time in the current job, and overall work experience. This synthesis of research on work-family conflict and emotional intelligence offers a multifaceted contribution to theory, practice, and policy. By integrating findings from diverse theoretical frameworks, it enhances our understanding of the complex interplay between emotional intelligence and the experience of work-family conflict. Practically, it highlights the significance of emotional intelligence in managing work-family conflict, suggesting interventions such as training programs and supportive organizational cultures. From a policy perspective, it suggests incorporating emotional intelligence measures into recruitment and advocating for work-life balance policies. These insights pave the way for more effective strategies to promote well-being and productivity in the workplace.
‘Adopt-Adapt-Create’: An overview on the Story of Lux Selling Soap and Stardom
Authors:   Senior Faculty, Corporate Secretaryship Department, K.B Womens College, Hazaribag, Jharkhand, India, Kumar Saurav
Published: December 2024

Creating the perfect sensory experiences through customer interactions is an effective marketing strategy. Hindustan Unilever, promoted Lux beauty soap as a “luxury soap affordable for all”. Pradip Unni (theprint.in), a marketing and branding strategist based in Kerala, said, “The celebrity endorsement, or them calling Lux the secret behind Bollywood actors’ beauty, in the past as well as today, worked because it created memorability for the product, not just because a celebrity says so.” It requires a thorough understanding of the product, its history, market presence and consumer perceptions to map and reveal a marketing strategy formula that has worked for a company for nearly what could be called a century and still continues.
Revisiting Protein Protected Gold and Silver Nanoclusters: Excited State Dynamics and Long-Lived Emission
Authors: Sharma Shagun , Das Subhadeep , Kaushik Kush , Patra Abhijit , Nandi Chayan Kanti
Published: December 2024

Owing to their intriguing photophysical properties, protein-functionalized metal nanoclusters (MNCs) have become benchmark nanomaterials in various fields including electronics, optics, energy, sensing, and biomedicine. However, the excited state dynamics of these MNCs, especially the long-lived emission, remain a debatable topic. Here, we investigated the excited-state dynamics of bovine serum albumin (BSA) functionalized Ag and Au nanoclusters (BSA-Ag NCs and BSA-Au NCs) and provided new insights into their long-lived emission. Our results showed completely different excited state dynamics in these MNCs despite their closely similar number of atoms in the BSA-caged metal core. BSA-Au NCs showed short-lived emission followed by a long-lived excited state at room temperature, originating from the core and surface states, respectively. In contrast, the BSA-Ag NCs showed short-lived emission originating only from the core states. The long-lived emission of BSA-Au NCs was attributed to ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) facilitated by the presence of strong metal-sulfur (M-S) bonds. The time-resolved luminescence imaging (TRLI) microscopy of both MNCs in HeLa cells indeed confirmed the long-lived emission characteristics in BSA-Au NCs but not in BSA-Ag NCs.
NO tablet: autonomous generation of therapeutic nitric oxide in air through redox-promoted CO2 adsorption
Authors: Ishihara Shinsuke , Labuta Jan , Hill Jonathan , Nakanishi Takashi , Kakinohana Manabu , Iyi Nobuo
Published: December 2024

Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a powerful therapy for the treatment of various cardiopulmonary and respiratory diseases. However, access to iNO therapy is often limited by the necessity of cumbersome gas tanks and/or elaborate gas blending apparatus. Here, we report a lightweight, inexpensive, and maintenance-free tablet that autonomously generates a therapeutic quantity of NO in air. The tablet is composed of a thimble filter paper containing a powdery mixture of nitrite (NO2‒)-type layered double hydroxide (NLDH) and ascorbic acid loaded on silica gel (AASiO2). NLDH by itself generates trace amounts of NO in the air due to the left-shifting of the protonation equilibrium of NO2‒ by aerial CO2 and H2O (2[NO2‒]LDH + CO2 + H2O ⇌ 2HNO2↑ + [CO32‒]LDH), which is followed by disproportionation of 2HNO2 to NO, NO2 and H2O. In contrast, it was found that the protonation equilibrium can be shifted to the right side when volatile acid products (HNO2 and NO2) are readily converted to neutral NO over the AASiO2 reductant. Based on this, even a single tablet (containing 0.30 g NLDH and 0.90 g AASiO2) generates 5~20 ppm NO at 0.5 L/min for 24 h, which is sufficient to be useful for the relief of severe hypoxia caused by persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN). Moreover, the tablet can be activated by exhaled breath for high-dose iNO therapy (80~180 ppm for several hours), revealing its potential utility for treating viral pneumonia. The NO tablet can be stored stably over long periods at ambient temperature in a gas barrier bag, and has the potential to break the logistical, financial, and operational barriers that have long existed to the widespread implementation of iNO therapy.
Comparative Analysis of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Finding Reaction Pathways: Insights from a Large Benchmark Dataset
Authors: MATSUMURA Yoshihiro , TABATA Koji , KOMATSUZAKI Tamiki
Published: December 2024

The identification of kinetically feasible reaction pathways that connect a reactant to its product, including numerous intermediates and transition states, is crucial for predicting chemical reactions and elucidating reaction mechanisms. However, as molecular systems become increasingly complex or larger, the number of local minimum structures and transition states grows, which makes this task challenging, even with advanced computational approaches. We introduced a reinforcement learning algorithm to efficiently identify a kinetically feasible reaction pathway between a given local minimum structure for the reactant and a given one for the product, starting from the reactant. The performance of the algorithm was validated using a benchmark dataset of large-scale chemical reaction path networks. Several search policies were proposed, using metrics based on energetic or structural similarity to the product’s goal structure, for each local minimum structure candidate found during the search. The performances of baseline greedy, random, and uniform search policies varied substantially depending on the system. In contrast, exploration-exploitation balanced policies such as Thompson sampling, probability of improvement, and expected improvement consistently demonstrated stable and high performance. Furthermore, we characterized the search mechanisms that depend on different policies in detail. This study also addressed potential avenues for further research, such as hierarchical reinforcement learning and multi-objective optimization, which could deepen the problem setting explored in this study.
Nanodiamond synthesis from adamantane by electron-beam driven C–H activation at 100 K
Authors: Fu Jiarui , Nakamuro Takayuki , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: December 2024

Diamond and adamantane (Ad) share a Td-symmetric carbon skeleton, but converting Ad to diamond has been challenging due to selective C–H bond cleavage and monomer assembly into a diamond lattice. Electron irradiation (80–200 keV) of Ad sub-microcrystals in vacuum at 100 K for tens of seconds yielded defect-free nanodiamonds (NDs) of cubic crystal structure 2–4 nm in diameter, accompanied by hydrogen gas evolution. Time-resolved transmission electron microscopy revealed the initial formation of Ad oligomers transforming into spherical NDs. A sizable kinetic isotope effect confirmed C–H cleavage as rate-determining. Other hydrocarbons failed to form NDs, underscoring the unique suitability of Ad. This approach distinctively differs from the conventional high-temperature, high-pressure approach, exemplifying the value of controlled C–H activation for diamond synthesis.
DeepConf: Leveraging ANI-ML Potentials for Exploring Local Minima with A Focus on Bioactive Conformations
Authors: Tayfuroglu Omer , Zengin İrem Nur , Koca Mehmet Serdar , Kocak Abdulkadir
Published: December 2024

Here, we introduce a low energy conformer generation algorithm using ANI-ML potentials at the DFT accuracy and benchmark in reproducing bioactive conformations. We show that the method is efficient when the initial starting structure is far from equilibrium, when the ML potentials are stuck in non-smooth regions, and when the quality of the conformers in a less conformer size is demanded. We specifically focus on conformations due to rotations around the single bonds. For the first time, we assess the performance of ANI-ML potentials using our conformer generation algorithm, DeepConf, in addition to previously reported Auto3D (J. Chem. Inf. Model. 2022, 62, 5373–5382) using the same potentials to reproduce bioactive conformations as well as providing a guideline for bioactive conformation evaluation processes. Our results show that the ANI-ML potentials can reproduce the bioactive conformations with mean value of the root-mean-square-deviation (RMSD) less than 0.5 Å, outperforming the limit of conventional methods. The code offers several features including but not limited to geometry optimization, fast conformer generations via single point energies (SPE), different minimization algorithms, different ML-potentials, or high-quality conformers in the smallest amount of ensemble sizes. It is available free of charge (documentation and test files) at https://github.com/otayfuroglu/DeepConf.
A Residue Number System (Rns) Anti-Codon Table for Protein Synthesis
Authors: Akanbasiam J. A. , Boateng K. O. , Addo M. G. , Ngala D. K. , Akanlu S. A.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:  This study aims to optimise the representation and processing of genetic information through RNS encoding.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The RNS anti-codon table is constructed as a table of RNS genetic code using the concept of number trees. The complementarity of bases suggests the swap of bases leading to the generation of 64 anti-codons for all possible codons of the genetic code. These are algorithmically reduced to less than 40 known anti-codons due to wobbling.
Findings: The finding indicates that the decimal values change as the moduli sets vary, but the residue digits remain the same. Codons and anti-codons are static with some bases, in this case, moduli set and vary with the third base.
Research Limitations: The current RNS implementation may experience overflow issues when dealing with extensive protein sequences and difficulty in verifying results across different organism types
Practical Implications: This research answers the compelling cases of a quarternary number system in molecular biology applications. In the era of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning and the desire for gene editing, gene therapy, and personalised medicine, digital implementations are enhanced with number systems.  
Social Implication:  The findings demonstrate the far-reaching impact of implementing RNS anti-codon tables in protein synthesis, highlighting the need for careful consideration and planning in its deployment and integration into society.
Originality/ Value: This research represents a significant departure from conventional approaches to genetic information processing, introducing multiple layers of innovation that advance theoretical understanding and practical applications in the field.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THREE PENMAN-MONTEITH VARIANT MODELS FOR GROUNDWATER LEVEL ESTIMATION IN JEJU ISLAND
Authors:   Graduate School of Engineering and Science University of the Ryukyus 1 Senbaru Nishihara, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan, An Jaeyeop
Published: December 2024

Accurate estimation of groundwater levels is crucial for effective water resource management, particularly in regions like Jeju Island, where groundwater is the primary water source. This study emphasizes the importance of preprocessing meteorological observations to address the temporal disconnect between rapid meteorological fluctuations and the slower responses of groundwater systems. Key factors such as cumulative effects, delayed reactions, and seasonal variations were considered during preprocessing to improve the reliability of evapotranspiration estimates. Three Penman-Monteith evapotranspiration models (PM, FAO-24, FAO-56) were evaluated using pre-processed data, including accumulated precipitation (100-day), temperature (20-day), and other meteorological parameters. Validation against 2023 groundwater level data demonstrated that the FAO-56 model preprocessing achieved the best performance, with the highest correlation (r = 0.89), lowest mean squared error (MSE = 0.10), and smallest error range (overestimation: +1.1m, underestimation: -1.4m). These results highlight that accurate groundwater level estimation relies on proper preprocessing of observations rather than solely optimizing model operations. The findings provide valuable insights for enhancing groundwater monitoring and sustainable water management in areas with complex geological and hydrological conditions.
TRANSFORMING CYBERSECURITY WITH MACHINE LEARNING: KEY TRENDS AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
Authors:   Head, Department of Computer Science & Applications Pingle Government College for Women (A), Hanumakonda Telangana State, India, Babu D Suresh
Published: December 2024

The rapid evolution of cyber-attacks necessitates advanced security measures. Machine learning (ML), a branch of artificial intelligence (AI), has emerged as a powerful tool for enhancing Cybersecurity. This paper reviews the latest trends in ML for Cybersecurity, including advancements in anomaly detection, adversarial machine learning, automated incident response, federated learning, and explainable AI (XAI). These innovations enable more accurate detection and response to cyber threats. However, the growing integration of ML in Cybersecurity introduces new challenges, such as adversarial attacks on ML models and the need for transparency in AI-driven security solutions.
Access to Credit and Loan Repayment by Households of Non-Farmers in Nigeria: New Evidence from Binary Logit Regression
Authors: Ojonta Obed I. , Ogbuabor Jonathan E. , Orji Anthony , Anthony-Orji Onyinye I. , Chukwu Ndubuisi , Ideba Emmanuel T.
Published: December 2024

Access to credit is the desire of every developing economy as well as a coping strategy in starting up and expanding businesses. Hence, this study critically examines how access to credit responds to loan repayment by households of non-farmers in Nigeria. To achieve this purpose, some important variables like spending on transport, other business costs, salaries/wages and rent were included in the model. Other variables in the model include age and location for the households of non-farmers. The study shows that loan repayment by households of non-farmers and their place of residence are significant drivers of access to finance in  Nigeria while other characteristics of non-farmers such as spending on transport, other business costs, salaries/wages, rent and age are muted throughout.
Los problemas conductuales en el rendimiento escolar en estudiantes de educación básica en la escuela Dr. Teodoro Alvarado, Guayaquil, 2024
Authors: Calle Lliguiota Mayra Leonela , Criollo Turusina Milton Alfonso , Carvajal Morales Jessica Mariela
Published: December 2024

El objetivo se centró en establecer el impacto de los problemas conductuales que afectan el rendimiento escolar de los estudiantes de noveno año de la Unidad Educativa “Dr. Teodoro Alvarado Olea” de Guayaquil en el 2024, bajo una metodología básica de enfoque cuantitativo, no experimental descriptiva, empleando una batería de 36 preguntas dirigidas a una muestra de 38 sujetos de una población de 45 individuos seleccionados por un muestreo no probabilístico. Los resultados demuestran que: al identificar la afectación de la dimensión contexto escolar sobre el ámbito de autonomía y dominio del entorno se presencia un nivel alto en 42,13% de los sujetos, un nivel medio en el 45,62% y un nivel bajo en un 12,31%;mientras que en referencia al contexto familiar sobre el ámbito de autopercepción y las relaciones positivas, el 39,93%, presentan un nivel alto, un 38,15% un nivel medio y 21,92% un nivel bajo, finalmente; al puntualizar los estilos de crianza en el ámbito del crecimiento personal y propósito de vida, el 42,36 de los sujetos poseen un nivel alto, nivel medio el 38,85% y nivel bajo un 18,85%. En conclusión, es predominante coadyuvar a los sujetos estudiados a mejorar su capacidad de observación, con el fin de ofrecer al estudiante un enfoque alternativo que le permita desarrollar sus habilidades y lograr un progreso más significativo en el futuro, tomando énfasis en el desarrollo de renovadas metodologías pedagógicas y en los estilos de crianza promoviendo un desarrollo emocional saludable con actitud positiva en los estudiantes.
Hashanah Proactive Behavior to Change: An Internalization Of Islamic Values To Respond To The Rapid Change
Authors: Indriastuti Dwi , Fachrunnisa Olivia
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study explores employee behavior to support organizational change. Behavior to support change needs an employee's ability to respond the rapid change. The behavior-tochange concept lacks moral values as it is still considered as discretionary behavior Method: The research uses qualitative research methodology with the Publish or Perish (PoP) application of Harzing to filter the articles and perform literature analysis systematically. Results: The result of this study is introducing a new concept: Hashanah Proactive Behavior to Change (HPBTC). We define HPBTC as an employee's ability to respond to rapid change processes by using a good way to improve employee performance. Implication: Islamic behavioral support is needed by employees to support, supervise and invite others to participate in change by helping other employees and being a good role model to inspire the environment and make the implementation of change successful.
ANÁLISE DO SABER A ENSINAR DA GRAVITAÇÃO NEWTONIANA NOS LIVROS DO PNLD – 2021 E DO GREF
Authors: Macedo Gabriel Luiz Nalon , Gomes Luciano Carvalhais
Published: December 2024

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a transposição didática do Saber a Ensinar do conceito de força gravitacional newtoniana entre os livros didáticos aprovados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro e do Material Didático (PNLD) de 2021 e do livro de Física elaborado pelo Grupo de Reelaboração do Ensino de Física (GREF). Para tanto, utilizaram-se alguns pressupostos da Teoria da Transposição Didática, em especial, os constrangimentos didáticos e a vigilância epistemológica. A partir dessa análise, observou-se que os constrangimentos didáticos da descontextualização, dessincretização, despersonalização, programabilidade e publicidade do saber se manifestam durante a transposição desse conceito nos materiais analisados. Alguns são provenientes de inserções pós-newtonianas, como a concepção de campo gravitacional e princípios relativísticos, além da estória da maçã. Outros surgem de omissões e simplificações, como tratar a força gravitacional como sinônimo de força peso ou afirmar que a gravidade é a única responsável pela órbita dos corpos. No entanto, os autores do livro do GREF demonstram uma vigilância epistemológica mais ativa em alguns aspectos, evidenciando, por exemplo, que a força gravitacional é um tipo de força centrípeta, ao contrário dos autores do PNLD – 2021. Esse uso mais ativo ajuda a mitigar os constrangimentos didáticos, permitindo um Saber a Ensinar mais próximo do Saber Sábio.  Tais constatações servem como alerta aos elaboradores de materiais didáticos de que ao transpor os saberes científicos é importante realizar uma contextualização histórica, social, cultural e epistemológica do saber, a fim de assegurar um Saber a Ensinar menos simplificado e mais conectado com suas origens.
PANORAMA DAS PESQUISAS SOBRE EDUCAÇÃO EM ASTRONOMIA NA AMAZÔNIA LEGAL
Authors: Moura Fábio Andrade de , Fraiha-Martins France
Published: December 2024

O presente trabalho é fruto de uma investigação sobre o panorama das pesquisas relacionadas à Educação em Astronomia nos programas de Pós-graduação da Amazônia Legal. Os objetivos deste estudo consistiram em mapear as teses e dissertações pertinentes ao tema, identificar os programas de pós-graduação que atuam nessa área, analisar os principais focos temáticos das pesquisas realizadas e compreender as tendências metodológicas adotadas. Assumimos a pesquisa como do tipo Estado da Arte e para realizar o tratamento dos dados nos aportamos na Análise de Conteúdo. Foram consultadas três bibliotecas digitais, resultando em um recorte que engloba 50 pesquisas, sendo 49 dissertações de mestrado e 1 tese de doutorado. Os resultados revelaram um aumento significativo no número de pesquisas a partir de 2015, com os mestrados profissionais sendo responsáveis por 76% das investigações realizadas. Em relação aos focos temáticos das pesquisas, observou-se que as “abordagens didáticas”, a “formação docente” e as “tecnologias” foram os temas mais recorrentes. Este estudo evidencia que um dos desafios da Educação em Astronomia na Amazônia Legal é promover mais pesquisas de doutorado nos programas de pós-graduação, incentivando, assim, a continuidade e aprofundamento das pesquisas desenvolvidas nos mestrados acadêmicos e profissionais.