bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solvents (external recycling): history & development. Part 2
Authors: Greatorex Neville H.
Published: February 2008

The formation of azeotropes, ie constant boiling mixtures of two or more components that cannot be separated by fractional distillation, is frequently a problem in solvent recovery. Generally, if the azeotrope is a mixture of solvents containing little or no water, the simplest and most economical solution is to find an outlet for the mixed distillate.
A brief general history of the UK paint industry
Authors: Roon Hannah
Published: February 2008

The time of the meaningless bit of paper had come and gone and, with a murderous dictator on the rampage, the great Churchill was called upon to truck with another unsavoury character in the east and pledge national assets for more democratic help via the New World. In anticipation of a further reckoning with Germany, trade generally had begun to pick up by 1932 and the paint industry received commensurate benefit. Rearmament took up any slack and one assumes brought to an end the deterioration in turnover of such companies as Nobel Chemical Finishes. Indeed, the general atmosphere in paint company boardrooms was one of smiles tempered with a certain anxiety regarding the international situation. Then, the inevitable happened, and the whole degrading business of war had to be re‐enacted in the broader interest of stifling tyranny.
A brief general history of the UK paint industry
Authors: Roon Hannah
Published: February 2008

‘A meadow. An old, long‐abandoned, lopsided little chapel; near it, an old bench. In the background, the road to the Gayer estate. To one side poplars loom darkly; soon the sun will be setting.’ Such are the instructions by Chekhov for the opening of the evocative second act in his timeless play about imminent change: ‘The Cherry Orchard’. Change, good or bad, is inevitably thrust upon man, by his own instinctive need to impose it.
A brief general history of the UK paint industry
Authors: Roon Hannah
Published: February 2008

Britain was no longer great and the influence of the Salisburys' had gone for ever. Simple ways of keeping the people happy were now the vogue and, with Keynesian relish, money was poured into the economy and a commercial indian summer promised a blaze of glory. From time to time, the printing presses got rather hot and they were rested — the Stop‐Go economy had, well and truly, come into being.
Lustre pigments and powders
Authors: Smith Tony
Published: February 2008

The increasing demand for labels with greater appeal has lead to the specialised development of lustre pigments and powders, particularly in gravure and flexographic printing applications. They provide coatings ranging from soft, satin sheen to sparkling brilliance, and there are some which give rich metallic lustres. Printers who have had experience in the use of bronze and aluminium metallic powders have found that the techniques used in the incorporation of these types of pigments are much the same as when using lustre pigments.
High quality, low solvent paint for OEM
Authors: Pearson JL
Published: February 2008

Strong environmental and ecological pressure has been put on motor manufacturers in recent years to reduce the organic solvents that are used in large quantities for painting cars.
A Brief General History of the UK Paint Industry
Authors: Roon Hannah
Published: February 2008

Mathematical metaphysicians will prove two negatives make an affirmative. In grammar also, a double negative can indicate a positive, but we traders need only pay avid attention to the double singular: the din and smell might be overpowering, but profit makes the world go round. Without profit, commerce would perish and profit can only be generated by an effective work rate — there is no credit in being a busy fool. On another plane, once generated, profits must not be dissipated or confiscated by doctrinaire governments. Rather, a balance between reinvestment and life‐style enhancement should be the norm. It is, of course, in regard to this latter segment where the greatest controversy lies. There are elements in our society who would dole out specie to the good, the bad and the ugly without any sort of differential other than ensuring the former received the smallest fraction. Further, as a corollary to such irresponsible dispensation, such people invariably teeter to other anti‐social conduct instituted to disrupt a society by no means perfect, but which benefits from thousands of years of cultural and realistic altruistic behaviour.
Acrylic modified water soluble oil based coatings
Authors: Chandra Sushil , Chandra Mukesh
Published: February 2008

Acryclic copolymers from methacrylic acid‐ethyl acrylate or butylacrylate were prepared and incorporated into the castor oil alkyd structure. The neutralised product was water soluble. Water soluble hexamethoxy methyl melamine resin was prepared and used as curing agent. Several proportions of water soluble acrylic modified alkyds and hexamethoxy methyl melamine resin were examined at various baking schedules. It was established that 30% of the curing agent gave most satisfactory properties after baking at 150°C for 30 minutes. It was found that ethyl acrylate modified compositions had better scratch hardness and acid resistance than those of the butyl acrylate modified composition. However, the latter had better alkali resistance. These surface coating compositions have been recommended as industrial primers.
The fluid or pressure wedge principle in mixing technology
Authors: Wild Peter
Published: February 2008

Fillworth Ltd and Millroom Accessories & Chemicals Ltd have within their range of equipment three machines which probably represent the first major development in mixing technology for many years.
The use of fumed silica in printing inks
Authors: Riffel Dieter
Published: February 2008

Forty years ago on August 3,1944 the production of ‘Aerosil’ started in the Degussa works at Rheinfelden. ‘Aerosil’ is the trademark of this typical form of silicic acid obtained for the first time in the world by flame hydrolysis.
Paint testing: a survey of some modern techniques Part 5: Film properties
Authors: Boxall J.
Published: February 2008

Previous articles in this series have considered techniques of paint analysis, as well as methods of studying surfaces and interfaces and ways of following the various physico‐chemical reactions which occur within coatings, particularly those concerned with film curing. Many of the techniques described in these articles required sophisticated analytical equipment and certainly in larger organisations the care and operation of this would be in the hands of specially trained personnel. There are however, a wide range of tests which paint chemists more or less routinely use in their day to day work on formulation control and development. These are the types of test which charactertise liquid or paint film properties such as viscosity (which has been considered in a previous article), colour and gloss, drying time, hardness, durability etc. The equipment used in these tests tends to be less complicated than required for many of the techniques described in the previous articles though as much care and attention to detail is required in operation and interpreting the data obtained. The last two parts in this series will be concerned with a review of some of the recent literature concerned with certain aspects of paint film testing. This article will consider test panel preparation and some of the literature concerned with measuring gloss level and film mechanical properties. Recent advances in the field of durability and corrosion testing will form the basis of a subsequent article.
Bronze inks
Authors: Smith Tony
Published: February 2008

These inks are now commanding an ever increasing international interest after spending several decades of relative quietness. This interest comes mainly from the United States and the Continent, but it is gradually lapping over to the United Kingdom. It is not always possible to ascertain why certain trends occur, and sometimes it is a coincidental amalgram of several disconnected reasons. One such reason could be that bronze coloured labels with their rich deep colour, resembling gold, subconsciously conveys an association of stability and security in an ever changing society. Whatever the reasons, bronze inks are now receiving an extensive demand.
Developments in raw materials Part 3. Extenders
Authors: Boxall J
Published: February 2008

Previous articles in this series have considered recent developments in the colouring and opacifying pigments which are added to all paints, and also in the protective pigments used in anticorrosive coatings for metals. Many paints also contain another component in their total pigmentation these being the extenders.
Developments in raw materials — Part 4: Non‐convertible media
Authors: Boxall J
Published: February 2008

The previous three reviews in this series have considered recent developments in the pigments and extenders used in surface coatings; the next two articles will be concerned with the other essential ingredient, the polymer component. The polymer is the media that binds the other constituents of the formulation together and forms an adherent film on the substrate being coated. This vital component also provides many of the necessary chemical, mechanical and durability properties required for the coating to provide an effective level of performance in its service environment.
Developments in raw materials part 5: Convertible media
Authors: Boxall J
Published: February 2008

The binder or media component of surface coatings can be subdivided into two broad groups, non‐convertible and convertible, which differ in their mode of film formation. Binders of the non‐convertible type do not undergo chemical conversion reactions whenthey cure, and film formation here involves loss or evaporation of a volatile solvent and concomitant deposition of the solid binder. Important members of this group are the rubber derivatives and the many examples of vinyl copolymers; some recent developments in the technology of these polymers were described in the previous article in this series. This article will consider the convertible media used in coatings, where film formation involves some form of chemical reaction. Commencement of this reaction is dependent upon either the presence of a suitable initiator, or by exposure to some form of radiant energy, which causes the binder (in the form of a monomer or partially‐polymerised component) to rapidly polymerise. This polymerisation reaction can take one of several forms though the result is the same; the binder and hence the liquid paint is converted into a solid material which is substantially insoluble in the original carrier solvent. This review will consider some of the recent literature concerned with three important members of the convertible group of media; alkyd, epoxy and polyurethane resins.
The powder coatings industry — uses and production techniques
Authors: McErlane J.
Published: February 2008

The Powder Coating Industry has grown very rapidly over the past decade and is still expanding into new markets. Powder paint is used to coat many everyday objects such as washing machines, microwaves etc. The market can be broken down into:—
New epoxide resin curing agents
Authors: Mcmanus L.D.
Published: February 2008

Despite some 30‐plus years of commercial availability and numerous applications, there are continuing new demands set for epoxy resin systems and consequently upon the curing agent component of them. Varied reasons for the development of some new curing agents are described.
Marketing anti‐corrosion pigments: no place for amateurs?
Authors: Roon Hannah
Published: February 2008

It is fundamentally necessary that cricket should be free from malice and guile, and it is pleasant to think that the game has become so much of a synonym for all that is true and straight that the expression ‘not cricket’ is frequently used even by the most influential statesmen and newspapers, in discussing a line of policy or conduct which does not appear to come up to the highest form of integrity and honesty. It is difficult to fix a standard, but there is an undoubted understanding that nothing can be tolerated in the game which bears the least sign of chicanery or sharp practice, and we are glad to be able to record that a deviation from this high code is seldom met with. John Shuter 1920
Organotin polysiloxanes — a new antifouling coating
Authors: Karpel S.
Published: February 2008

When any structure is immersed in seawater, a fouling process begins whereby a great variety of marine organisms gradually attach themselves to the stucture. This process is quite complex, and varies in nature according to the geographical region, but the effect on ships' hulls is to increase the weight and drag on the vessel, resulting in a greater expenditure of fuel in order to maintain a cruising speed; it has been estimated that this increase in fuel consumption is about 40% after just six months' fouling. Additional costs are incurred by the need periodically to clean off the fouling, plus there is of course a loss of revenue when the ship is dry‐docked and out of service.
UK refinish update 1988
Authors: Roon Hannah
Published: February 2008

Come bull market or bear market man demands mobility. To this end he takes the train, jets to and fro but, most of all he rides his own piece of status symbol mobility—the automobile — bringing in his wake some sorrow, great pleasure and a priceless corner‐stone to the Free World economy, unbelievable riches to once nomad Arabs scratching for water and a life‐saving dole to the less fortunate, disabled, idle and the stupid. Man, in his progress through this life, might continue to smoke inferior tobacco, eat the blandest of fast food, drink Chinese rice wine and hesitate to invest in antiques, but he always purchases the automobile he can afford. Indeed, in his need for something better, he quite often places himself in pernicious hock—there is a measure of Mr Toad in all of us.
High performance coatings: in situ surface modification with zircoaluminate metallo organic coupling agents
Authors: Cohen Lawrence B.
Published: February 2008

Zircoaluminate metallo organics constitute a unique family of surface modification agents which are cost effective in irreversibly modifying all inorganic fillers/pigments, carbon black, and many organic pigments. Direct in situ addition to coating resin or solvent (at 0.5–1.5 phf) will result in pronounced viscosity reduction (50.95%), reduced settling and particulate agglomeration, and improved colour strength and opacity. Zircoaluminates also improve salt spray resistance, enhance adhesion to metal substrates and eliminate telegraphing.
Are you solvent?
Authors: Roon Hannah
Published: February 2008

Thirty‐one years ago, hung‐over after the annual company dinner, I was taken next morning, with a handful of keen and dedicated colleagues, to experience what the future held. We entered the rickety portals of one of the innumerable small factories on the periphery of Birmingham, who were, at the time, printing money. In the dim machineshop, piece‐workers in bib and brace overalls, were bending tubing on primitive apparatus installed before WW2. Next door, their handiwork was suspended in vaporising degreasing tubs (one could hardly call them baths); and then the ultimate — in a newly prefabricated annex, built under government licence, the tubular configurations passed before a Ransburg disk and paint appeared on their surface. Within minutes after stoving, asbestos surfaces were clipped on, they were tissue wrapped and boxed.
Studies on the effect of titanium dioxide on durability — Part 1
Authors: Cutrone L. , Moulton D.V. , Simpson L.A.
Published: February 2008

A review of the common photodegradation processes in polymeric coatings is presented, and the photoactivity of titanium dioxide and its consequences are discussed. Experimental work which explores the durability implications of the use of titanium dioxide in coatings is presented. This includes the effects of pigment flocculation, film thickness and photostability of the pigment. The importance of the correct selection of light source for accelerated weathering is stressed. Finally, results are presented from a recent study of the influence of geographical location on the weathering of titanium dioxide pigmented paint films.
Fluorescent pigments in combination
Authors: Martindill M.G.
Published: February 2008

The surge of interest in speciality colourants in recent years shows no signs of diminishing despite the scarcity of some of the dyestuffs and pigments necessary to achieve unusual effects. Such an upward trend may be common to many industries, but suppliers of daylight fluorescent pigments have not been the slowest to develop new effects for innovative customers. Shortly after the introduction by Sterling Industrial Colour Ltd of its FLARE 920 Series of high strength polyamide based daylight fluorescent pigments for blow moulded plastics, it was discovered that this range could be combined with other speciality colourants to achieve startling effects, not only in plastics but in a variety of other applications. Previously fluorescent pigments were used alone and against a white background for best effect in inks, paints and plastics because the slightest contamination was known to reduce the fluorescent effect. But the exceptional strength of the FLARE 920 range permits its reduction with pearlescents and/or opaque whiteners in all these and other applications.
BASF's Polymer Dispersions Activities
Authors: Krämer Hans‐Jakob
Published: February 2008

BASF's polymer dispersion activities form part of the BASF International Dispersions Operating Division.
Ultracarb U5 in contract matt emulsion paint
Authors: Rutherford Alan
Published: February 2008

Following the completion of an extensive research programme, Ultracarb U5 has been evaluated as a titanium dioxide extender in a versatate based copolymer contract matt emulsion paint.
CFC‐free pressurised pack for dispensing aqueous based, highly pigmented paint systems
Authors: George Harold M.
Published: February 2008

The use of chlorfluorocarbons (CFC) propellants are reputed to cause depletion of the ozone layer in the upper atmosphere, whilst the use of hydrocarbons (propane/butane blends) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are likewise reputed to add to the suspected greenhouse effect.
Calcium stearate ‐ Part 3
Authors: Lower Edgar S.
Published: February 2008

Calcium stearate has been incorporated into carbon paper (7683), e.g. as a filler (7684), and in paper coatings (7685). It can act as a lubricant, leveller, and plasticizer in paper coatings (7686), and gives improved anti‐dust and gloss properties in calendering (7687), and enhanced flow and levelling (7688). Along with ammonium stearate the calcium soap has been used as a lubricant in paper coatings to improve tear strength and gloss (7689), and wet strength. Paper and paperboard have been coated with equal parts of calcium stearate and acrylic/styrene copolymers to increase water resistance (7690). Particles of aluminium hydroxide have been coated with calcium stearate and with stearic acid to give the material hydrophobic properties, resistant to exposure to boiling water and solvents, and useable as a filler in paper (and plastics) (7691). Ketene dimers along with calcium stearate have been used in paper sizing (7692), and the stearate alone has been used to make water resistant abrasive papers (7693), and also, at a concentration of 2/3%, has been employed to render cardboard resistant to water steeping and swelling (7694). Stable dispersions of the stearate soap have been utilized in the surface treatment of computer cards (7695). Titanium dioxide coated with calcium stearate has been included in polyethylene coating compositions for photographic paper supports (7696). Release paper for adhesive lables have contained calcium stearate, to give improved workability on automatic labelling machines (7697).
Synthesis of some B‐dicarbonyl derivatives of 4‐amino‐3‐thio‐1,2,4‐triazolidine and their use in marine antifouling paints
Authors: Osman M.M. , Abd El‐Malek M.M. , Tadros A.B.
Published: February 2008

Reaction of 4‐amino‐3‐thio‐1,2,4‐triazolidine with etnyl‐acetoacetate and acetoacetanilide produced 4‐(ethy‐lacetoacetamino)‐3‐thio, 1,2,4‐triazolidine and 4‐(acetoacetanilidamino, ‐3‐thio‐1,2,4‐triazolidine respectively. These were characterised by elemental analysis, 1Rand 1HNMR spectra. Each compound was tested as antifoulant in marine paint formulation in the presence of tributyftin fluoride as a co‐toxin. The antifouling behaviour of the compounds was compared with that of the parent one, 4‐amino‐3‐thio‐1,2,4‐triazalidine and its condensation products with other aromatic and heterocyclic carbonyl derivatives.
Oleo chemicals as additives in paints and varnishes, etc: Part 1
Authors: Lower Edgar S.
Published: February 2008

Oleochemicals are derivatives of the components of vegetable, marine and animal oils and fats, glycerides, i.e. glycerol and fatty acids substantially, and include the fatty acids such as and their derivatives including fatty alcohols, fatty esters, amides, amines and other nitrogen derivatives and also the heavy metal soaps and the water soluble alkali metal soaps, polyoxyethylated materials, polyoxypropylated products, sulphated and sulphonated derivatives and the quarternary ammonium compounds. Although only normally used in small amounts, oleo chemicals are amongst the important raw materials, additives, for aiding the production of paints, capable of having a profound effect in these preparations.
Recent aspects on modification of some polyesteramides for surface coatings
Authors: Moustafa M. , Sabbah I.A. , Darwish S.I. , Abd El‐Hai F.
Published: February 2008

Rosin‐modified polyesteramide resins are prepared covering a wide range of oil lengths by partial replacement of hydroxy ethyl fatty acid amides employed in resin formulations by rosin‐diethanolamine derivative without affecting the resin constants. This is followed by a study of the optimum amount of modifier which improve the resins performance and durability without affecting the other properties. Optimum modifier concentration and durability characteristics are then determined.
X‐ray diffraction and ultrasonics velocity measurements of esterified maleic and fumaric resins
Authors: Swarup S.
Published: February 2008

The esterified maleic and fumaric resins have been studied by X‐ray diffraction. Their diffraction halos have been subjected to a Fourier analysis for the first time and the physical parameters like particle size, percentage crystallanity and electrondensity fluctuations along the length of the polymer molecule have been evaluate out by standard methods. The results indicate that the two resins are isomeric in nature. This conclusion is further supported by a measurement of the variation in ultrasonic velocity with concentration in xylene solutions of these resins.
Effect of fluorenated monomer treatment on some physical and mechanical properties of wood
Authors: Abdel‐Mohdy F.A. , El‐Sawy S.M.
Published: February 2008

A water repellent fluorenated monomer was used in a mixture of monomers for treatment of pine wood samples, using both, impregnation and graft copolymerization methods. This resulted in obtaining a new wood‐based material, the properties of which are superior to those of the natural untreated one. The total polymer loading was generally low, but it was sufficient for improving the mechanical properties with an obvious decrease in the water uptake. Better results of bending strength can be obtained on treatment using the graft copolymerization technique, this can be attributed to the chemical bonding of the polymer with cellulose on grafting.
Advances in analytical methods to study coatings
Authors: Stephenson P.J.
Published: February 2008

As environmental pressures increase, and more legislation is drafted, the need for research into alternative coating technologies intensifies. In the area of powder coating technology the primary aim must be to expand the potential applications for powder beyond the traditional markets and offer the technology as a true environmentally friendly coating process.
Solvent release from the films of hard resin solutions
Authors: Dighe Ashok , Raval D.A. , Mannari V.M.
Published: February 2008

Hard resin such as Rosin modified moleics. Rosin, modified phenolics and Aromatic hydrocarbon resin petrez SP 100 (source IPCL) were dissolved in mineral turpentine (50% solids) and their films were applied on the glass pannels (10cm × 3cm × 0.5cm) to give a WFT of 3 mils. The loss of solvent from the film was studied at an interval of 10 minutes till the weight of film was nearly constant at ambient temperature.
Water soluble clear coating compositions and their film properties
Authors: Parvani Rajshree , Shukla M.C.
Published: February 2008

For conservation of petochemical solvents and reduction of air pollution, the water soluble polymers will play an important role in surface coating industry. The coatings based on water soluble polymers are thinned with water instead of petroleum solvent. Basically, the water based coatings may be made from oils, alkyds, polyesters, aminoes, phenolics, epoxies and acrylics. In spite of a large number of other synthetic resins being available for use in coating formulations, the alkyd resins surpass all of them in versatility, and low cost; combining a broad spectrum of performance properties with economy. Water soluble alkyd resins are similar to their solvent borne counterparts. The major difference is that their formulation is modified to introduce pendant carboxylic acid groups along the polymer backbone. These pendant acid groups can be neutralised with basic compounds to produce water solubility. Several workers studied preparation and evaluation of film characteristics of water soluble alkyd resins using various types of polybasic acids, polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids. The curing of these resins has been satisfactorily accomplished by stoving in presence of water soluble amino resins.
Synthesis and characterization of novel anchored mono‐ and disarylazo cationic pigments —
Authors: Hanna M.A.
Published: February 2008

A series of novel anchored mono‐ and disarylazo cationic pigments embodying long chain aliphatic amine moiety, as deflocculating unit, were prepared by amination of the newly synthesized heterocyclic Hansa Yellow analogue derivatives IVa‐g followed by reacting the products with p‐nitroso‐N,N‐dimethyl aniline. Synthesis and spectral behaviour of these products as well as their precursors were fully investigated. The hitherto prepared organic colourants showed preliminary improved bleeding and fastness properties.
Electrodeposition of water soluble pigmented coating compositions and their film properties
Authors: Parvani Rajshree , Shukla M.C.
Published: February 2008

Water soluble alkyds were prepared from phthalic anhydride, maleic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride and maleopimaric acid separately by monoglyceride process. Pigmented electro coating compositions were prepared from water soluble alkyd resin, red oxide of iron and zinc phosphate. The anodic electrodeposition parameters such as voltage, time, solid content and pH were optimised. The mechanical and chemical properties of different electrocoating compositions were studied. The coating compositions prepared from water soluble alkyd resin based in maleopimaric acid showed good mechanical and chemical properties.
Water soluble epoxy resins for cathodic electrodeposition coatings
Authors: Gupta S.C. , Shukla M.C.
Published: February 2008

Water soluble epoxy‐amine adducts were prepared by reacting epoxy resin with diethanolamine in different molar ratios. These adducts were further partially esterified with linseed oil fatty acids. Aqueous coating compositions for cathodic electrodeposition were prepared from epoxy‐amine adducts and esterified epoxy‐amine adducts separately. Film properties of cathodically electrodeposited coatings were evaluated and studied. It was observed that coatings based on 20% and 30% esterified epoxy‐amine adducts had good overall film properties.
Oleochemicals and the processing of polymeric resins: Part 2
Authors: Lower Edgar S.
Published: February 2008

Adhesion promoters: Some oleochemicals can promote the adhesion of polymers to various surfaces, e.g. stearic acid can increase the adhesion of polyolef ins to metals and to the surfaces of other polymers. Erucamide is effective in the lamination of cellophane to polyethylene films, and alumina‐modified iron stearate has been found effective in aiding the adhesion of polyethylene to steel surfaces. The effect of oleamide on the adhesion of polyethylene to aluminium and to nylon 6 has been studied. Stearic acid had an adhesion promoting role in polyethylene/aluminium laminated packaging film. Barium stearate can effect the adhesiveness of poly(vinyl chloride).
Water as the only ‘solvent’
Authors: Hofland A.
Published: February 2008

The paint industry in Western Europe is responsible for a solvent emission of several hundred thousand tonnes. The situation for the Eastern Europe is still not clear, but will certainly be worse than the West. Options for reducing solvent emission include the use of powder coating, UV and EB cured coatings, high solids and waterborne coatings. DSM Resins is able to produce alkyd emulsions for use in solvent‐free paints for decorative applications and maintenance systems. This paper is a further acquaintance with alkyd emulsions and there is a comparison between alkyd emulsions and acrylic dispersions.
Developments in printing ink formulations
Authors: Shams Hoda Z.
Published: February 2008

A new series of polyfunctionally substituted pyridine azo‐ and hydrazono dyes suitable for screen printing of polyester, cotton and polyester/cotton blend fibres have been synthesised. The prints are characterised by high depth of colour and good fastness to light and wet processings. Proofs of structure of the synthesised compounds based on microanalytical and spectroscopic data are given and discussed. The effect of substituents on the electronic absorption spectra and on the dye/fibre binding mechanism has been studied.
New rosin‐modified varnish compositions of efffective pest control
Authors: Moustafa M. , Metwally M.M.
Published: February 2008

Various rosin‐modified polyesteramide resins are formulated and evaluated for their insecticidal activity. Five kinds of pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides with trade names Neo‐Pynamin Forte, Gokilaht, Neo‐Pynamin, Sumithrin and Cyanox are studies. American Cockroaches (Periplaneta americana) are the target insect.
Electrodeposition of pigmented coating compositions based on epoxy resins
Authors: Parvani Rajshree , Shukla M.C.
Published: February 2008

Water soluble epoxy resins were prepared from epoxy resin, linseed fatty acids, maleic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, maleinised dehydrated castor oil and maleopimaric acid. Pigmented coating compositions for anodic electrodepositions were prepared from water soluble epoxy resins using red oxide of iron and zinc phosphate as pigment. The electrodeposition parameters such as voltage, time, solid content and pH value were optimised. The mechanical and chemical film properties of different electrocoating compositions were studied.
‘Green’ protective coatings — recent developments from Jotun
Authors: Aubert Jan S.
Published: February 2008

The increasing pace of demands from authorities and other groups, relating to environmental questions, has stimulated developments by the world's marine coatings manufacturers to meet the challenge of producing more environmentally‐agreeable protective systems, thus making a positive contribution towards the ultimate possibility of the ‘green’ ship.
Maleopimaric acid based water thinnable stoving anticorrosive coatings
Authors: Mishra U.S. , Shulka M.C.
Published: February 2008

Water soluble epoxy resins were prepared from male‐opimaric acid, linseed fatty acids and epoxy resin. The methylated urea formaldehyde resin and melamine formaldehyde resin were also prepared for curing purposes. The pigmented coating compositions were prepared from water soluble epoxy resins, red oxide and iron and zinc phosphate. These coating compositions showed good water resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance and lubricating oil resistance.
Activity and evaluation of additives to improve the scratch‐resistance of coating surfaces
Authors: Heilen Wernfried
Published: February 2008

Paint‐films are very susceptible towards contact with hard object, i.e. they are subject to marring and scratching.
Electrodeposition of Acrylated Alkyd
Authors: Chandra S. , Gupta R.K.
Published: February 2008

The pigmented water‐soluble methacrylic acid‐ethyl acrylate copolymer modified castor oil alkyd blended with the curing agent, hexamethoxymethyl melamine, was applied by the electrodeposition technique. Various bath parameters were optimized through many sets of experiments and finally satisfactory coating films were obtained. The coating films, after proper baking, were evaluated for various performances.
Titanium Dioxide: Commodity or Speciality?
Authors: Borst Donald V.
Published: February 2008

Titanium dioxide, the chemically‐based product commonly referred to as white pigment or as titanium pigment, or in the industry, often simply by its chemical formula, TiO2, is not a single substance but is actually a broad range of quite different performance products. Because each one is designed to accomplish defined technical purposes in specific applications, they are not generally interchangeable with other applications. While both producers and users of these various TiO2 pigment products refer to them as grades of TiO2, this unfortunate nomenclature masks the performance distinctions of individual titanium dioxide products. Thus some people, and even some producers who should know better, mislabel titanium dioxide as a commodity. Focusing on the fallacy of the commodity assumption is important to understanding the global outlook for the business for users, producers, and investors.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel class of basic thioindigoid dyestuffs as possible vat dyes and pigments
Authors: Hanna M.A. , Girges M.M. , Rasala D.
Published: February 2008

Thioindigoid dyestuffs are in an important class of compounds and are used as vat dyes for textile dyeing and printing. This chromophoric system has also found application in the pigment field, especially where suitable substituents in the aromatic nuclei bring about an increase in resistance to solvent bleed and migration. The best example is the reddish‐violet thioindigo bordeaux of light fastness comparable, even in light tints, with the phthalocyanine pigments.
Synthetic approaches to some new fluorescent dyestuffs for synthetic polymer fibres
Authors: Girges M.M. , Hanna M.A. , Ayyad S.N.
Published: February 2008

Since Victor Meyer's first report on coupling of diazonium salts with activated carbon compounds, a growing interest has appeared in literature for synthesis and use of different isolated and/or fused nitrogen‐containing heterocyclic dyestuffs as fluorescent whitening agents. A technically important class of these products is those embodying pyrido (1,2‐a) benzimidazole residue in their structure. The parent pyrido (1, 2‐a) benzi‐midazole itself has been previously used in the synthesis of a variety of dyes and pigments.
Novel series of some plane‐rigidized heterocyclic dyestuffs for synthetic polymer fibres
Authors: Girges M.M.
Published: February 2008

Since knowing the effective role of amidic functions in producing new dye‐stuffs of high thermal fastness and low solubility (e.g. Hostaperm or PV Fast (Hoechst)), great attention has been directed towards the synthesis and use of several dyes and pigments having such moieties. The majority of these dyes are characterized by their tendency to form stable dimers. Sometimes, these dimeric monoazo pigments have the same thermal solvent fastness as disazo pigment dyes of the Cromophtal type (Ciba‐Geigy).
Effect of different chemical treatments on some essential properties of wood
Authors: Abdel‐Mohdy FA.
Published: February 2008

Wood as a structural material has one feature which is unique among all structural materials; it is a crop which can be formed, whereas its competitors such as stone, brick, metal and plastic are all derived from exhaustible mineral sources.
Acoustic emission testing
Authors: Sankara Narayanan T.S.N.
Published: February 2008

Phosphate pretreatment has proved to be a promising surface treatment method, not only for ferrous and non‐ferrous metals, but also for modified steel.
New coatings technologies
Authors: Edwards Anthony
Published: February 2008

Enormous amounts of paint will be required in the coming decades to maintain the 570,000 bridges spanning the US rivers, canals and road‐ways and providing access to more than 3.5 million miles of US highways.
The increasing importance of hot melt adhesives in product assembly
Authors: Frankling Peter G.
Published: February 2008

Looks at how hot melt adhesives (HMAs) can be used in product assembly and the white goods market in particular, e.g. washing‐machines, freezers, fridges, etc. because of the need for permanent or temporary bonds, gap seals and hole plugging. Concludes that HMAs are likely to be used more and more in related fields.
Novel synthesis of pyrazole disperse dye derivatives: their availability for dyeing of some textile fabrics
Authors: Elkholy Y.M. , Erian A.W. , Elassar A.A.
Published: February 2008

Details the process whereby several pyrazole disperse dye derivatives are synthesized. Tests these dyes for dyeing characteristics on nylon, polyester and cellulose acetate fabrics as disperse dyes. Also determines properties such as washing, perspiration and rubbing fastness of the dyed fabrics.
Exterior wood stains and lasures for the future
Authors: Martin C.S.
Published: February 2008

In recent years numerous pieces of environmental legislation have been introduced or will be introduced both in the UK and throughout Europe. The greatest environmental issue at the moment is the limitation of volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. Water‐based coatings have been available for many years; their main application initially was for broad wall paints. More recently, water‐based coatings have come on the market for trim coatings. Although their performance for interior use is sufficient, but inferior to their solvent‐based alternatives, how do water‐based coatings for exterior wood perform? An alternative to water‐based technology is high solids. In a recent life cycle analysis (Ministry of the Environment in France) high solids alkyds have been shown to have low environmental impacts. In the study used for setting the criteria and thresholds for the European eco‐label for decorative paints and varnishes, a high solids alkyd developed by Cray Valley Ltd was put into the category having the lowest environmental impact together with water‐based paints. For the future of exterior coatings for wood, is the route to environmentally friendly coatings water‐based or solvent‐based technology?
A day in the life of a painting inspector
Authors: Sellars I.C.
Published: February 2008

Reviews all the stages of a protective coating process applicable to structural steelworks. Illustrates the monitoring and testing equipment currently available and the progress being made in the field of coating inspection. Lists products applicable to coating thickness measurement problems, with informed comment from the managing director of a firm with nearly 50 years' experience of supplying the coatings industry with instrumentation for the quality control of coating processes.
Should the colleges survive?
Authors: Russell John
Published: February 2008

Local government re‐organization is firmly under way. The boundaries are set and senior officials are busily planning the redistribution of resources. But how much real re‐thinking is going on?
Utopia in a Decade?
Authors: Gray L.T.
Published: February 2008

Leonard Gray reviews the Schools Council Working Paper 40 Careers Education in the Seventies, and sees what it has to offer the careers teacher.
Interview
Authors: Miller Terence
Published: February 2008

Mr Terence Miller, Director of the Polytechnic of North London, is something of a military man. He used to be a Territorial Army officer. He has the draft of a book he has written on ‘sub‐conventional warfare’ (fighting guerilla uprisings and that sort of thing) tucked away in a drawer. Studying military history and geography is his favourite hobby.
Low Cost Hard‐facing By SPRAYING
Authors: Franklin J.R.
Published: February 2008

Improved and greatly simplified techniques for the deposition of hard, wear‐resistant coatings by spraying have contributed to a large extent to the increasing popularity of this type of hard‐facing. One of the most important advances in this field is the development of equipment that enables the ‘self‐fluxing’ alloys to be applied at high speed and efficiency.
EXPERIENCES WITH ALUMINIUM FOR CANNING AGGRESSIVE FISH PRODUCTS
Authors: JENSEN ALF
Published: February 2008

In Norway, aluminium cans made from anodised and lacquered strip have been used for several years for food products which are comparatively neutral and not very corrosive, such as herring and bristling in oil, kippers, fish balls, etc. They have not, so far, been used for more aggressive products by the Norwegian canning industry because lack of certainty of the behaviour of aluminium in these conditions has militated against approval by the necessary authorities, i.e. the Hermetikkindustriens Laboratorium and Hermetikkindustriens Kontrollinstitutt (the Norwegian Canning Industry Research Laboratory and the Official Quality Control Institute for Fish Products). However, recent investigations show that anodised and lacquered aluminium may have considerable importance in the future as materials for canning aggressive fish foods.
The present use of INSTRUMENTATION IN CORROSION TESTING
Authors: Harocopos B.
Published: February 2008

The author of this article reviews those tests for corrosion which have been proved over a long period, the modifications lately incorporated into such tests, and some important testing methods recently evolved which are now widely used in industry.
Reference books in print
Authors: Schultheiss Tom
Published: February 2008

The following classified, descriptive list of titles is intended to provide reference librarians with a current checklist of new reference books, and is designed to supplement the RSR review column, “Recent Reference Books,” by Frances Neel Cheney. “Reference Books in Print” includes all additional books received prior to the inclusion deadline established for this issue. Appearance in this column does not preclude a later review in RSR. Publishers are urged to send a copy of all new reference books directly to RSR as soon as published, for immediate listing in “Reference Books in Print.” An additional copy of any title specifically requested by Mrs. Cheney should be sent directly to her for review. A decision to review any unsolicited title appearing in this column will then be made by Mrs. Cheney at her own discretion.
Government reference publications
Authors: Hoover Jimmie
Published: February 2008

The materials included in this column were selected on the basis of an item by item review of all government publications received at a major depository library. Emphasis is placed on tools of a reference format, although much else that the Federal government publishes is otherwise of high referral value. Publications not in a reference format, in the strictest sense, are included when their potential value dictates; brief entries for “how to” items and informative pamphlets are also given if deemed potentially useful, particularly for school and public libraries and wherever the identification of vertical file materials is the responsibility of the public service librarian.
Recent reference books
Authors: Neel Cheney Frances
Published: February 2008

Communications regarding this column should be addressed to Mrs. Cheney, Peabody Library School, Nashville, Term. 37203. Mrs. Cheney does not sell the books listed here. They are available through normal trade sources. Mrs. Cheney, being a member of the editorial board of Pierian Press, will not review Pierian Press reference books in this column. Descriptions of Pierian Press reference books will be included elsewhere in this publication.
Reference serials
Authors: Centing Richard R.
Published: February 2008

There is not enough space in this introduction to present a definitive analysis of the word serial, or even of the qualification of the term for this column, reference serial, and I would refer all such questions to the monographs treating the subject of serial bibliography. The purpose of this column simply is to review abstracting services, indexes, digests, serial bibliographies, loose‐leaf updating services, yearbooks, reviewing services, and annual guides and directories which are issued on a continuing basis for reference uses. Serials to be generally excluded from review in “Reference Serials” include monographic series, encyclopedic sets, proceedings, magazines and government publications, all of which are either treated elsewhere in RSR or other journals of the profession. There is no clear‐cut division that will define the coverage of this column since some series like annual reviews, which collect papers on a specific topic, deserve to be treated as reference serials, and some magazines are so highly specialized that they are in essence abstracts and indexes.
Government reference publications
Authors: Hoover Jimmie
Published: February 2008

The materials included in this column were selected on the basis of an item by item review of all government publications received at a major depository library. Emphasis is placed on tools of a reference format, although much else that the Federal government publishes is otherwise of high referral value. Publications not in a reference format, in the strictest sense, are included when their potential value dictates; brief entries for “how to” items and informative pamphlets are also given if deemed potentially useful, particularly for school and public libraries and wherever the identification of vertical file materials is the responsibility of the public service librarian. Documents librarian's shorthand has been used in the bibliographical citations. Wherever possible, “United States” has been understood rather than stated in the corporate entries; also, the GPO imprint and place have been dropped. All items unless otherwise indicated are available from the Superintendent of Documents at the prices given. Prices which do not appear were not available at the date of review.
Bibliography of U.S. Government bibliographies‐1973
Authors: Scull Roberta A.
Published: February 2008

This annotated listing of 131 United States Government bibliographies with 1973 imprints partially represents the broad scope of Federal interest. THE MONTHLY CATALOG OF U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS was the primary index searched in locating these documents, though other conventional and unconventional methods were used. Since the search cut‐off date was the February 1974 MONTHLY CATALOG, a number of 1973 bibliographies may not be listed here. However, it is the compiler's objective to include all 1973 bibliographies in a forthcoming Pierian Press publication, BIBLIOGRAPHY OF UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT BIBLIOGRAPHIES 1968–1973.