bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Art of Post-Tonal Analysis
Authors: Straus Joseph N.
Published: April 2022

This book consists of analyses of thirty-three musical passages or entire short works in a variety of post-tonal styles. The works under study are taken from throughout the long twentieth century, from 1909 to the present. Within the atonal wing of modern classical music, the composers discussed here, some canonical and some not, represent a diversity of musical style, chronology, geography, gender, and race/ethnicity: Arnold Schoenberg, Anton Webern, Alban Berg, Béla Bartók, Igor Stravinsky, Aaron Copland, Ruth Crawford Seeger, Milton Babbitt, Luigi Dallapiccola, Elliott Carter, Louise Talma, Hale Smith, Elisabeth Lutyens, Ursula Mamlok, Tania León, Tan Dun, Shulamit Ran, Kaija Saariaho, Joan Tower, John Adams, Sofia Gubaidulina, Thomas Adès, Caroline Shaw, Chen Yi, and Suzanne Farrin. The approach is pedagogical, in the somewhat informal style of a classroom. Musical examples and analytical videos carry the burden of the analytical argument, with relatively little prose. For each piece, the book suggests ways of making sense of the music, using basic concepts of post-tonal theory to tease out rich networks of musical relationships and reveal something of the fascination and beauty of this challenging music.
Arnold Schoenberg, Piano Pieces, Op. 11, No. 1 (1909)
Authors: Straus Joseph N.
Published: April 2022

A single three-note motive, B–G♯–G, generates much of the content of this passage. The motive is deployed as a melody, a harmony, a combination of melody and harmony, and is heard over various spans of time.
Béla Bartók, String Quartet No. 3, Prima parte (1927)
Authors: Straus Joseph N.
Published: April 2022

The first three notes of the melody (A♯–B♯–A) are repeated, transformed, and enchained to generate much of the content of the passage, in both melody and harmony. The intervals of the three-note motive are subjected to expansion, contraction, and recombination. Inversional symmetry also plays a shaping role.
Milton Babbitt, “The Widow’s Lament in Springtime” (1951)
Authors: Straus Joseph N.
Published: April 2022

This piece for voice and piano unfolds in four distinct contrapuntal lines. Each line is organized the same way—with the twelve tones arranged to feature particular intervals and trichords—and the lines are coordinated with each other to produce twelve-tone harmonic aggregates. The underlying twelve-tone structure is based on a trichordal array.
Chen Yi, Energetic Duo for two violins (2015)
Authors: Straus Joseph N.
Published: April 2022

This passage consists of three thirteen-measure periods, each divided into four small sections with a duration of thirteen quarter notes. Each of these smaller thirteen-beat sections uses a consistent rotation of three contrasting types of material. These three types of material give an initial impression of maximum distinctiveness and contrast, but as the piece progresses, subtle affinities are emphasized and the musical materials show a surprising ability to morph into each other.
Forgotten Jerusalem
Authors: Figueroa Michael A.
Published: April 2022

Chapter 2 turns toward modern social memory—via the injunction against forgetting Jerusalem in Judaism (Psalm 137)—during the Yishuv era (1882–1948), when Jerusalem appears to have been all but absent from the “urban ethos” of Jewish cultural production in Palestine. Through an analysis of songs written by figures such as Abraham Broides, Menashe Ravina, and Paul Dessau, along with musical renderings of significant myths in Zionist history—particularly Theodor Herzl’s “Uganda Proposal” and the Tel Hai myth involving Josef Trumpeldor’s martyrdom—the chapter argues that a conceptual Jerusalem was actually adumbrated in Zionist songs about Tel Aviv and rural Palestine, via liberatory tropes associated with Jerusalem in diasporic history. The chapter includes an analysis of the expression of anti-Jerusalem sentiment in the artistic circles identified with the late Yishuv era and the State Generation, revealing how the city was characterized as possessing a female body that is subject to a process of poetic “whoring”—driven by biblical imagery—that served as a vehicle for singers and poets to voice their ideological orientations toward Jerusalem. The chapter concludes with a brief meditation on the meaning of “forgetting” in the context of modern Jerusalem.
Heterotopian Jerusalem
Authors: Figueroa Michael A.
Published: April 2022

The final chapter evaluates the political efficacy of song during the turbulent period from the 1967 to 1977, when the Labor Zionist paradigm of cultural politics reached its end, through a discussion of musical representations of Jerusalem as a heterotopian site of cultural difference. In examining the chapter’s musical centerpiece, Dan Almagor’s musical My Jerusalem (1968), which was written in response to the outpouring of Jerusalem song after “Jerusalem of Gold,” the author argues in favor of the ethics of heterotopia while critiquing its conceptual relevance in a space marked by power asymmetries.
Pedagogy
Authors: Bowman Judith
Published: April 2022

This chapter emphasizes teaching roles, signature pedagogies, and the pedagogical challenges of online teaching. It lists some basic teaching competencies and preferred attributes as found in the literature. It aligns those competencies and attributes with the Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education and the Community of Inquiry theoretical framework. It suggests that instructors focus on those general principles on the basis that such principles can generate actions appropriate to any teaching situation, including online instruction. It explains the concept of signature pedagogies with their surface, deep, and implicit structures and describes their application in the arts, in the music disciplines, and in online instruction. Among pedagogical challenges, it cites compliance with accreditation standards and active engagement online. It describes some active learning techniques that can be successful online and ways to modify content and pedagogical techniques for the online environment.
Music Education
Authors: Bowman Judith
Published: April 2022

This chapter describes issues related to teaching music education online and presents experiences with various types of online music education instruction in narratives provided by professors teaching music education online. It provides background on the development of the music education profession and its pedagogy at undergraduate and graduate levels, including a significant symposium on the future of music education with implications for online instruction. It describes the nature of music education studies at undergraduate and graduate levels and explains the signature pedagogies relevant to those levels. It reviews the state of the practice, including influential publications on undergraduate and graduate music education, and the status of online music education as reported in two national surveys and individual research reports. It features three professors who describe their online teaching experiences: master of music degree online, music education master’s programs and online Community Music Graduate Certificate, and virtual mentoring of preservice music teachers. Each professor offers suggestions for prospective online music education teachers, and the chapter concludes with some lessons drawn from the field.
Marine Le Pen and the Ethnic Stream of French Nationalism
Authors: Schertzer Robert , Woods Eric Taylor
Published: April 2022

This chapter explores the relative success of Marine Le Pen in the 2017 French presidential election, where she secured the highest-ever level of support for the National Front, a far-right, ethnic nationalist party. How did Le Pen do so well in the archetypal civic nation? To help understand this outcome, this chapter examines the foundations of ethnic nationalism in French history. It traces how, over time, a series of foundational ethnic myths and symbols were institutionalized to become a core element of French political culture. It then analyzes the content of all of Marine Le Pen’s tweets during the 2017 campaign to show how she tapped into this tradition of French political culture. It is argued that Le Pen’s use of these myths and symbols was central to her support among the white majority in France.
Classical Projections
Authors: Palis Eleni
Published: April 2022

Classical Projections theorizes a new term, “film quotation,” for the medium-specific repurposing, re-framing, and re-viewing of preexisting films within subsequent films. As a visual corollary to literary quotation, film quotation embeds film fragments within on-screen televisions, movie theaters, and computer screens. Quotation accesses the way the humanities make meaning; the pull-quote, epigraph, and quotation are standard for citing evidence, invoking authority, or interrogating literary and scholarly writing. Film studies has yet to seriously examine how film quotations convene interaction and create new knowledge across time. Classical Projections focuses on film quotations of classical Hollywood film—mainstream American studio production, 1915–1950—as quoted in post-classical Hollywood, roughly 1960 to present. Though film quotation has been used since early silent cinema, this strategic historical frame asks, How does post-classical cinema visualize its own “belatedness,” its awareness of coming after a “classical” or “golden age”? How do post-classical filmmakers claim or disavow classical history? How do historically disenfranchised post-classical filmmakers, whether marginalized by gender, sexuality, or race, grapple with exclusionary and stereotype-ridden canons? As a constitutive element of post-classical authorship, film quotations amass and manufacture “classical” Hollywood in retrospective, highly strategic ways. Considering both archival quotations and “created-quotations,” which are fabricated by the quoting filmmakers, uncovers the images, voices, and fragments of the “classical” canon that either never existed, were never preserved, were mired in caricature, or that classical Hollywood could not “image/imagine.” By revealing how quotational tellings of film history build and embolden exclusionary, myopic canons, Classical Projections uncovers opportunities to construct more capacious cultural memory.
Film Quotation and the Oppositional Gaze
Authors: Palis Eleni
Published: April 2022

Chapter 2 considers how Julie Dash’s Illusions (1982), Cheryl Dunye’s The Watermelon Woman (1996), and Spike Lee’s Bamboozled (2000) intervene in conventional, oversimplified accounts of mainstream American film history through Black film quotational authorship. Dash and Dunye create quotations, shooting footage that masquerades as “indexical” Hollywood creation, to prove the need for invention in an industry based on exclusion, excision, and marginalization of the racial and gendered Other. Lee responds to the same stereotype-ridden classical canon differently. Rather than inventing in the absences, Bamboozled collects blackface minstrelsy artifacts, re-animates blackface performance, and demonstrates stereotype’s toxic power, as his satire film turns to horror. All three filmmakers operationalize what bell hooks calls “the oppositional gaze” in film quotation, to rethink not only Hollywood past and present, but also Black film authorship through their emphatic “writing” with quotation.
Film Quotation and Visual Sovereignty
Authors: Palis Eleni
Published: April 2022

Chapter 4 reframes quotations as physical and visual spaces that negotiate power, control, and sovereignty. Considering classical Western genre quotations staged for spectating Native American characters, I borrow “visual sovereignty” from Joanne Barker (Lenape) and Michelle Raheja (Seneca) to center Native Americans’ unique cultural geographies, identities, and self-determination. Reading quotations as visually sovereign spaces, this chapter asks, How might classical Hollywood quotation cede representational ground to Native American perspectives and politics? How can film quotation support decolonization and Indigenous sovereignty? And when does quotation replicate political and cultural domination? The chapter centers three films adapted from literature: Powwow Highway (Jonathan Wacks, 1989), The Indian in the Cupboard (Frank Oz, 1995), and in critical opposition, Thomas King’s I Am Not the Indian You Had in Mind (2007). The last named most successfully achieves Native American visual sovereignty from within the colonial, classical archive, ultimately destabilizing anti-Indigenous representational landmarks.
Cinephilic Pilgrimage and Authorial Scandal
Authors: Palis Eleni
Published: April 2022

Chapter 6 returns to the white male mainstream during the #MeToo movements. The chapter begins by examining the “coincidence” of Ronan Farrow as both lead investigative journalist reporting the Harvey Weinstein scandal and as Woody Allen’s son. Imbricating the Weinstein reporting with Allen’s earlier scandal reframes Allen’s The Purple Rose of Cairo (1985) and Manhattan Murder Mystery (1993) and occasions comparison with Quentin Tarantino’s first post-Weinstein film Once upon a Time . . . in Hollywood (2019), which fictionalizes part of Roman Polanski’s life, another “scandalous auteur.”. Purple Rose, Manhattan Murder, and Once upon a Time each dramatize absorptive/absorbing spectatorship on-screen, as characters physically or visually inhabit embedded quotations. These shared quotational passages into film quotations answer #MeToo rhetoric about whether “great artists” can be separated from their artwork. While undergoing extratextual revaluation, Allen and Tarantino insert themselves and their characters into quotations, archives, and histories, as though to prevent spectators from totally divorcing their films from their authorship.
Trickles of Money, Floods of Children
Authors: Stokes Lauren
Published: April 2022

This chapter situates the 1974/1975 child allowance [Kindergeld] reform within the history of migration. During the period of labor recruitment, guest workers received the same amount of child allowance no matter where their children lived. Then, in 1975, the state introduced a two-tiered system whereby the amount of child allowance depended on whether the child resided in the European Economic Community. The reform shaped ideas about the meaning of family migration after the labor recruitment stop in 1973. Migrants criticized the reform as the most recent example of the state’s failure to provide for their reproductive needs. Meanwhile, the state depicted foreign parents as irresponsible “welfare migrants” who disregarded their children’s need for stability in pursuit of higher child allowance payouts. The reform laid the groundwork for a persistent view of child migration as a threat, driven by parental desire for economic gain rather than love and intimacy.
Marriage, Deportation, and the Politics of Vulnerability
Authors: Stokes Lauren
Published: April 2022

This chapter analyzes the debate about marriage migration in the 1980s. Politicians who wanted to restrict marriage migration described foreign families as pathologically patriarchal and inherently oppressive toward women and children. Why, it was asked, should the state encourage the unity of a family that abused its weakest members? Ironically, the new restrictions introduced tended to reinforce familial dependency by restricting spousal access to work permits and to an independent resident status. The chapter also analyzes anti-deportation activism in both migrant and binational families, with a particular focus on the history of the Association of Women Married to Foreigners, founded in 1972. Their anti-deportation appeals tended to be most successful when women called on the German state to protect them from their male family members and their oppressive homelands, using their perceived vulnerability to appeal to the state’s paternalism and preconceived notions about the “foreign” family.
Conclusion
Authors: Stokes Lauren
Published: April 2022

The conclusion takes the debate over “family migration” into the struggle over refugee admissions that took place between 2015 and 2018. In this period, the FRG initially suspended family reunification for the more than 125,000 Syrian asylum seekers granted subsidiary protection. The conclusion connects debates about whether to allow Syrian asylum seekers access to family reunification to earlier debates about family reunification for guest workers and their family members. Twenty-first-century debates about the role of the family in integration, sexual morality, economic utility, and child welfare still reflect the patterns formed in the postwar period.
Some Versions of Cary Grant
Authors: Naremore James
Published: April 2022

Some Versions of Cary Grant analyses Cary Grant’s performances in a gallery of his best films, arguing that he not only had exceptional skills but also greater range than is usually recognized. Organized in terms of five versions of Grant, it emphasizes his work as a farceur in The Awful Truth (1937), Bringing Up Baby (1938), and His Girl Friday (1940); as a dark figure in Suspicion (1941) and Notorious (1946); as a romantic leading man in An Affair to Remember (1957) and Indiscreet (1958); as a domestic male in Mr Blandings Builds His Dream House (1948) and Room for One More (1952); and as a Cockney character in Sylvia Scarlett (1935) and None but the Lonely Heart (1944). A close study of an actor who worked with important but very different directors, among them Howard Hawks, Alfred Hitchcock, and Leo McCarey, it provides a model for the appreciation of screen acting in general.
Introduction to Methods and a Brief History of a Star
Authors: Naremore James
Published: April 2022

This chapter makes a distinction between the actor, the role, and the star image. The major Hollywood stars of Cary Grant’s era were usually associated with an imaginary image or brand that was created by certain of their roles and by publicity—in Grant’s case, it was the image of a tall, dark, handsome man with urbane manners who wore clothes beautifully and behaved amusingly in drawing rooms. The chapter traces the development of Grant’s familiar star image and argues that it was an oversimplification, often mistaken for natural, innate aspects of his personality. It took work to become the popular idea of Cary Grant, and a close look at his films shows that there was more than one version of him, requiring special skills. The chapter describes five versions: Farceur Cary, Dark Cary, Romantic Cary, Domestic Cary, and Cockney Cary. It also establishes a terminology for analyzing screen acting, which is used in subsequent chapters.
Dark Cary
Authors: Naremore James
Published: April 2022

The opposite of Grant’s farcical comedies were the films in which his character had unsympathetic or sinister traits. Most of these were his pictures with Alfred Hitchcock, who, even in a somewhat comic thriller such as North by Northwest, gave Grant unappealing qualities. The most important examples of Grant’s dark characterizations, however, are Hitchcock’s Suspicion (1941) and Notorious (1946), to which this chapter gives special attention. Grant was an especially important actor for Hitchcock not only because of his glamour and athleticism but also because he could execute the simplest movements with precision. He could play tough, intense characters, and because of his training in pantomime, he could look off-screen in subtly expressive ways that facilitated Hitchcock’s editing schemes.
Romantic Cary
Authors: Naremore James
Published: April 2022

The heterosexual Hollywood romances in Grant’s era followed the formula of boy meets girl, boy loses girl, and boy gets girl. They could be comic or melodramatic and were usually tailored to the images of individual stars. Grant, for example, was different from Gable—he seldom swept women off their feet and was a polite, reserved, somewhat discreet lover. His romantic films were unusual because the impediments to romantic relationships had nothing to do with male rivals or temperamental conflicts. This chapter focuses on two such films, the melodrama An Affair to Remember (1957) and the comedy Indiscreet (1958). Both are excellent examples of Grant’s ability to do almost nothing extremely well, and his talent for expressive use of small objects. The first is a remake of Leo McCarey’s Love Affair (1939), enabling us to contrast Grant’s performance with that of the original actor, Charles Boyer. The second is Grant’s reunion with Ingrid Bergman, his co-star in Notorious.
The Sea and Cyberspace
Authors: Egloff Florian J.
Published: April 2022

This chapter integrates insights from the historical chapters into the conceptualization for the different actors. It compares the sea between the late 16th and mid-19th centuries and cyberspace and finds many shared characteristics of insecurity. Whilst the differences do not alter the fundamental structure of insecurity, they change the assessment of the expected speed of interaction, the range of policy solutions, as well as the stability of insecurity reproduced across time. It argues for the late 16th and late 17th centuries as the closest approximations to current trends. The chapter discusses the spectrum of state proximity, clarifying the differing types of relationships of the actors with the state and amongst one another and reports on the results of the interactive macro-historical focuses outlined in Chapter 2: narratives of piracy, the evolution of interests in privateering, longevity and path dependency, the evolution of mercantile companies, and the abolition of privateering.
Cyber Mercantile Companies
Authors: Egloff Florian J.
Published: April 2022

This chapter shows how the role the mercantile companies played in the early modern system can provide a better understanding of today’s large technology companies’ roles and their relationships to the analogical cyber navies, privateers, and pirates. It argues that the mercantile company lens improves understanding of how cooperative and conflictive relations to states, as well as practices of self-protection, influence cyber(in-)security. By doing so, the chapter further refines understanding of the role companies play in providing cyber(in-)security. The argument is developed three ways: one focus is on the protection of a company’s assets from threats propagated through cyberspace, raising questions such as the protection supplied by the state and private hack-back. A second area of comparison is the competition for skilled personnel between mercantile companies and states. Finally, this chapter analyses the overlapping interest between states and mercantile companies in the pursuit of their business, with a particular focus on signals intelligence.
American Protest Unit
Authors: DeLorenzo Lisa C. , Silverman Marissa
Published: April 2022

This chapter connects music teaching and learning to issues related to particular protest movements in the United States. It makes sense to start here because, although protest actions are not “social justice” in and of themselves, they are a vehicle for promoting social justice. The chapter presents three categories of lesson plans: The Rise of the Labor Unions to Woodstock; Civil Rights Movement and Black Lives Matter; and School Shootings: A Call for Justice. These categories reflect events from the past to the present and demonstrate the role that youth play in bringing social inequities to the surface. Music activities range from creating a musical memorial for school shooting victims; listening to protest songs that are identified with each era; to finding ways of presenting music to the school or community that sensitize people to contemporary issues of social justice.
Relationships 5.0 and the Cognitive Revolution
Authors: Kislev Elyakim
Published: April 2022

This chapter assesses the cognitive revolution, looking at the evolution of artificial intelligence and recent developments in the field. Having some type of a relationship with AI is not necessarily down to technological capability, but rather to social norms and public acceptance. In other fields besides relationships, statistics show that people are still uneasy with AI. Future generations, who will be more exposed to AI technological achievements and applications, will be far more open toward connecting with these technologies. The trend is clear: the cognitive revolution is on track on both sides of the demand/supply equation. On the supply side, AI chatbots are becoming more sophisticated. New improvements to their algorithms, more massive databases, novel functionalities, and more powerful computation engines make human-AI interactions more natural. On the demand side, certain populations are becoming more open to such technologies.
Relationships 5.0 and the Sensorial Revolution
Authors: Kislev Elyakim
Published: April 2022

This chapter addresses the sensorial revolution, presenting current and future developments of extended reality (XR) technologies, usually referred to as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). It is clear that though XR technologies are creating environments that people want to use, many still do not feel completely comfortable with the relationships engendered by this technology. First, there are claims against how “real” these technologies are and how much they are capable of creating truly satisfying interactions. Second, many people fear that using XR will reduce their conversational skills. Despite the fears many still hold, these technologies help many overcome anxieties, traumas, and depression, to name just a few. Virtual avatars also act as benevolent therapists, companions, and even lovers.
Looking Ahead—Policy, Ethics, and Guidelines for Relationships 5.0
Authors: Kislev Elyakim
Published: April 2022

This chapter examines the ethics of emerging technologies, considering the questions these technologies raise. One can think of three major types of problems being faced in the age of Relationships 5.0: problems on “their” side, the in-between, and “our” side. The first type of problems concerns how artificial beings are designed and whether there are biases encoded therein. The second type regards humans’ interaction with artificial beings, such as privacy: how they keep secrets. The third type is about humans and what they go through when they make connections with artificial beings. Technological progress does not necessarily need to be banned, if that is possible at all, but there is the choice to prepare for such a reality by thinking about these problems. Humans can set guidelines and prepare solutions for these problems instead of shutting their eyes and letting the revolutions come. In this way, society will be ready for Relationships 5.0.
Media, the Mind, and the Reenactment of the Enemy
Authors: Isurin Ludmila
Published: April 2022

When considering any major political foes—or the other, the term used throughout this book—in the recent history of the world, probably the Soviet Union and its official successor, Russia, on the one hand, and the West, with the United States being the predominant influence, on the other hand, come to the forefront of the discussion. The chapter provides an overview of the seven political events that were the focus of the investigation detailed in this book: the Olympic Games in Sochi, the takeover of Crimea, the conflict in Eastern Ukraine, the downing of Malaysia Airlines flight MH17, the proxy war in Syria, the 2016 US presidential election, and the poisoning of the Skripals. Then it discusses how the media collection/media analyses and the empirical part of the study were conducted. It also provides detailed demographic background information on the participants in the study.
How the Mind Constructs a Memory of Recent Political Events
Authors: Isurin Ludmila
Published: April 2022

The question addressed in this chapter is how the minds of individuals in Russia and the United States constructed their memory of recent political events and whether the producers’ efforts to portray the stories in such a way that they are consumed by people as believable and accurate were successful. Also, it discusses how the stereotypes existent in the sociocognitive constructs of each group contribute to the reconstruction and reenactment of the other. First, the chapter presents empirical findings related to each of the seven events analyzed in the book, and then it discusses more general issues revealed through the analysis of the survey data.
Discourse on the One God (Yishen lun一‎神‎論‎)
Authors: Nicolini-Zani Matteo
Published: April 2022

Annotated translation of the Tang Chinese Christian Texts:
TEXT A. “Stele of the Diffusion of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin in China” (Da Qin jingjiao liuxing Zhongguo bei大秦景教流行中國碑‎)
TEXT B. (1) “Hymn in Praise of the Salvation Achieved through the Three Majesties of the Luminous Teaching” (Jingjiao sanwei mengdu zan景教三威蒙度讚‎); (2) “Book of the Honored” (Zunjing尊經‎)
TEXT C. “Discourse on the One God” (Yishen lun一神論‎):
I. “Discourse on the One Godhead” (Yitian lun diyi一天論第一‎)
II. “Metaphorical Teaching” (Yu di’er喻第二‎)
III. “Discourse of the Honored One of the Universe on Almsgiving” (Shizun bushi lun disan世尊布施論第三‎)
TEXT D. “Book of the Lord Messiah” (Xuting mishisuo jing序聽迷詩所經‎)
TEXT E. “Book on Profound and Mysterious Blessedness” (Zhixuan anle jing志玄安樂經‎)
TEXT F. “Book of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin on Unveiling the Origin and Attaining the Foundation” (Da Qin jingjiao xuanyuan zhiben jing大秦景教宣元至本經‎)
Book on Profound and Mysterious Blessedness (Zhixuan anle jing志‎玄‎安‎樂‎經‎)
Authors: Nicolini-Zani Matteo
Published: April 2022

Annotated translation of the Tang Chinese Christian Texts:
TEXT A. “Stele of the Diffusion of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin in China” (Da Qin jingjiao liuxing Zhongguo bei大秦景教流行中國碑‎)
TEXT B. (1) “Hymn in Praise of the Salvation Achieved through the Three Majesties of the Luminous Teaching” (Jingjiao sanwei mengdu zan景教三威蒙度讚‎); (2) “Book of the Honored” (Zunjing尊經‎)
TEXT C. “Discourse on the One God” (Yishen lun一神論‎):
I. “Discourse on the One Godhead” (Yitian lun diyi一天論第一‎)
II. “Metaphorical Teaching” (Yu di’er喻第二‎)
III. “Discourse of the Honored One of the Universe on Almsgiving” (Shizun bushi lun disan世尊布施論第三‎)
TEXT D. “Book of the Lord Messiah” (Xuting mishisuo jing序聽迷詩所經‎)
TEXT E. “Book on Profound and Mysterious Blessedness” (Zhixuan anle jing志玄安樂經‎)
TEXT F. “Book of the Luminous Teaching of Da Qin on Unveiling the Origin and Attaining the Foundation” (Da Qin jingjiao xuanyuan zhiben jing大秦景教宣元至本經‎)
Socializing Minds
Authors: Lenz Martin
Published: April 2022

This book provides the first reconstruction of intersubjective accounts of the mind in early modern philosophy. Some phenomena are easily recognized as social or interactive: certain dances, forms of work, and rituals require interaction to come into being or count as valid. But what about mental states, such as thoughts, volitions, or emotions? Do our minds also depend on other minds? The idea that our minds are intersubjective or social seems to be a fairly recent one, developed mainly in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries against the individualism of early modern philosophers. By contrast, this book argues that well-known early modern philosophers often even started from the idea that minds are intersubjective. How then does a mind depend on the minds of others?—Early modern philosophers are well known to have developed a number of theories designed to explain how we cognize external objects. What is hardly recognized is that early modern philosophers also addressed the problem of how our cognition is influenced by other minds. This book provides a historical and rational reconstruction of three central but different early modern accounts of the influence that minds exert on one another: Spinoza’s metaphysical model, Locke’s linguistic model, and Hume’s medical model. Showing for each model of mental interaction (1) why it was developed, (2) how it construes mind-mind relations, and (3) what view of the mind it suggests, this book aims at uncovering a crucial part of the unwritten history of intersubjectivity in the philosophy of mind.
Creating Arenas
Authors: Jasper James M. , Elliott-Negri Luke , Jabola-Carolus Isaac , Kagan Marc , Mahlbacher Jessica , Weisskircher Manès , Zhelnina Anna
Published: April 2022

This chapter finds players who create new arenas rather than only using preexisting ones. In 2014, Seattle was the first major American city to pass a $15-per-hour wage law. A set of diverse players—an avowed Socialist, the owner of Seattle’s iconic Space Needle tower, many representatives of the city’s labor movement, and a newly elected mayor—wrangled in a series of old and new arenas, each making gains and incurring losses along the way, before arriving at a legislative outcome. Arena creation comes with a particular package of gains and losses: increased control for the creating player on the one hand, but corresponding losses and risks—the alienation of excluded players and increased perception of responsibility in the broader public. Owning an arena means that a player is more likely to be blamed for its failures than to be credited with its successes.
Introduction
Authors: Noll Mark A.
Published: April 2022

The introduction begins with recent evocations of the Bible by Presidents Bush, Obama, and Trump. It explains that the book deals only incidentally with presidents, but that they have always influenced the place of Scripture in American life. The book’s main purpose is to show the influence of Scripture on American history, but also the influence of American history in shaping the use of Scripture. The introduction outlines the shape of the book (the rise of a Bible civilization that fragmented and declined from the 1830s, but with a strong lingering impact). It explains connections to my previous book on the Bible in the colonial and Revolutionary periods, especially the central cultural role of the King James Bible, the dominance of strongly Protestant traditions, and the merging of biblical ideals with the principles of the new republic. It surveys earlier studies related to the subject and defines the meaning of several terms important in the book.
Naming, Writing, and Speaking in a Hebrew Republic
Authors: Noll Mark A.
Published: April 2022

During the first generation after passage of the U.S. Constitution, the prominence of the Bible, especially public references to the Old Testament, made the nation appear to many of its citizens like “a Hebrew Republic.” Names for children and places newly encountered were often taken from the Old Testament, especially during the early nineteenth century in initial white settlement of the Midwest. The many biblical names of the presidents (and even more of the presidents’ wives) illustrated this naming pattern. Writing often reflected deep or reflexive immersion in Scripture, especially among African American women and men. The diction and vocabulary of the King James Version also strongly shaped public utterance, as can be seen clearly in the presidential inaugural addresses of the era.
Slavery and the Bible, 1819–1833
Authors: Noll Mark A.
Published: April 2022

Contentions over slavery with Bible in hand became more intense because of events that captured national attention. Debate on the admission of Missouri as a slave state were accompanied by Bible-based defenses of (and attacks on) slavery on the floor of Congress and in the popular press. Knowledge that use of Scripture had helped fuel a slave uprising planned in Charleston, South Carolina, by Denmark Vesey spurred white southerners to make a strong recapitulation of proslavery Bible arguments. The same happened in response to the incendiary antislavery tract by David Walker in 1829 and the Nat Turner slave revolt in Virginia in 1831. The establishment of William Lloyd Garrison’s newspaper, The Liberator, with its all-out advocacy for abolition, also sparked intense debating over the morality of slavery that only grew stronger over the next generation.
Whose Bible? (Lutherans, Jews, Naysayers, Natives)
Authors: Noll Mark A.
Published: April 2022

American approaches to Scripture grew even more diverse as other growing communities took their place in public life. Lutherans from Germany honored the Scriptures but continued their loyalty to Martin Luther’s German translation and accommodated only partially to the conventions of British-origin Protestants. Isaac Leeser was among a small but rising number of Jewish American biblical promoters who published many works to advance Jewish knowledge and use of the Hebrew Scriptures, including the first Jewish English-language translation. A number of Native Americans also demonstrated increasingly strong attachment to the Bible but still suffered systematic cultural deprivation. Meanwhile, a small group of ethnologists (George Gliddon, Josiah Nott, and Henry Hotze) broke with Protestant tradition to claim that empirical investigation overthrew the biblical notion of a common humanity in favor of polygenesis (the conclusion that “human kind” actually consisted of multiple separate species, with Africans always the lowest).
Protestant Realignments
Authors: Noll Mark A.
Published: April 2022

White Protestants divided even more obviously in the stances they took toward public life. A few developed creative efforts at “social Christianity,” some by elite leaders like Washington Gladden, others by union organizers like Andrew Cameron. More flocked to the banner of D. L. Moody’s urban evangelism. Still others, like Jonathan Blanchard, retained the antebellum drive for social reform but turned away from civil rights for Black Americans toward temperance and anti-Masonry. Charles Briggs of Union Seminary in New York championed use of modern biblical criticism from Europe. In contrast, the new theology of premillennial dispensationalism pushed its adherents away from social concern toward speculations about the future; this new theology inspired and was spread by in the Scofield Reference Bible, which became a bestseller. Asa Gray at Harvard stood with scientists who harmonized new views of evolution and old views trusting the Bible; their perspective was contested but retained adherents well into the twentieth century.
Epilogue
Authors: Noll Mark A.
Published: April 2022

The epilogue suggests that the influence of American historical development on attitudes toward Scripture has been mixed, with many positive opportunities to live out what individuals and groups considered biblical values and many occasions when civil purposes have overwhelmed anything religious. Black biblical traditions that had received almost no widespread contributed material to the civil rights movement after World War II. Use of the Bible in public life has continued for rhetorical purposes, sometimes for making political arguments, and occasionally for theological statements, as when President Obama stressed a biblical theme of grace in the memorial address for a slain Charleston minister in 2015. The history of the Bible in American history demands sober reflection much more than celebration (or its opposite, denunciation). A democratic republic needs a moral guide like the Scriptures more than Bible believers need the American republic.
Introduction
Authors: Goedert Nicholas
Published: April 2022

This first chapter frames the book through two parallel case studies of how maps and election cycles interact: the Republican congressional gerrymander of Pennsylvania at issue in the 2004 Supreme Court case Vieth v. Jubelirer and the bipartisan map of California’s congressional districts drawn the same year. While Pennsylvania’s gerrymander backfired during the Democratic waves of 2006 and 2008, California’s map, though initially less biased, remained completely unresponsive to shifts in voter preferences throughout the decade. Through these cases, the chapter argues that maps drawn by bipartisan agreement may be just as normatively troubling as partisan maps. Moreover, California resolved this problem of unresponsiveness in 2010 by adopting a nonpartisan commission, while Pennsylvania remained mired in a confusing glut of federal and state litigation. This book argues that California’s path is the wiser one. The chapter concludes with a roadmap of the book’s arguments, evidence, and contributions.
The Phoenix
Authors: Halamish Lynne Dale , Cassell Eric J.
Published: April 2022

This chapter explores the importance of aligning our goals as much as possible with a patient’s, especially in the case of a recurring disease, where the patient’s goals can change with each round. This includes fighting the disease when the patient wants to, or not. It reminds the reader to be honest with patients and give support.
The Stuff of Dreams
Authors: Halamish Lynne Dale , Cassell Eric J.
Published: April 2022

This chapter discusses how exploring the significance of dreams can jump-start a person’s way to recovery, and how dreams are triggered by many things. Sometimes those dreams can reveal secrets that we cannot or will not discover during our waking, conscious hours. Also notes how interpreting dreams can be a manipulative process if misapplied.
Meaning, Truth, and the Limits of Analysis
Authors: Wiggins David
Published: April 2022

This volume draws together work by David Wiggins on topics to do with language, meaning, truth, and the limit of semantic analysis, from 1980 to 2020. Each chapter draws upon previously published material, but that material has been revised, sometimes significantly, for republication here. The book opens with a summary but selective account of a century’s work in the philosophy of meaning, from Frege and Wittgenstein to the late twentieth century. Against that background, the book engages first with the nuts and bolts of sentence-construction: predicates and the copula, quantifiers, names, existence treated as a second-level predicate, and adverbial modification. The last five chapters then treat of definition and (as dreamt of by Leibniz and others) the terminus of semantic analysis; the idea of natural languages as real things with a history; the idea of truth conceived as correlative with inquiry (C. S. Peirce) and, finally, the properties we look for in truth itself—the marks, as Frege or Leibniz might have said, of the concept true.
The Dual Structure of Policy-Making
Authors: Hassel Anke , Wegrich Kai
Published: April 2022

Most public policies are made or conceived not by members of parliaments, elected politicians, or governments, but by dense networks of experts on particular policy fields or issues. These experts prepare and structure the debate about policy problems and potential solutions. Elected politicians and government ministers, on the other hand, battle over power positions in elections and parliaments, as well as the general direction of policy and political change. The distinction between these power politics by politicians—the superstructure—and the work of experts in policy fields—the engine room—is the subject of this chapter. We introduce both spheres and their contribution to the policy process. In addition, we point out how both spheres are interlinked. Finally, we draw conclusions and recommendations for policy-makers on how to deal with the dual structure of policy-making
How to Work with Institutions
Authors: Hassel Anke , Wegrich Kai
Published: April 2022

Policy-making takes place in the context of institutions. Institutions consist of rules, norms, and mental maps; they guide the behaviour of individuals and organizations. In the superstructure, political institutions shape the allocation of power and the ability of political actors to veto decisions. In the engine room, policy fields are structured by sectoral institutions. They not only inform the general orientation of experts and the populace but also decisions regarding how a policy field is governed. This chapter focuses on three aspects of institutions in the policy process. We examine how to work with institutions in the superstructure, how to facilitate incremental change in the engine room, and how to build strong institutions.
Visualizing Assemblages
Authors: Morales Helen
Published: April 2022

This chapter discusses Book 1, chapters 15–17, of Heliodorus’ Ethiopian Tales, an episode within a story told by the young Athenian Cnemon to Theagenes and Charicleia. The chapter is divided into three sections. The first analyses the incestuous desire of the character Demaenete for her stepson, Cnemon. The second explores the nature and function of the ‘bed-trick’, a literary trope familiar from Measure for Measure in which one character is substituted for another, in order to deceive someone into sleeping with them. In this novel, Demaenete’s slave, Thisbe, arranges for Demaenete to take the place of Cnemon’s lover, and (almost) trick him into sleeping with his stepmother. The third section discusses characterization in the novel, focusing upon Charicleia and Thisbe (who have often been read as antitheses to one another). I argue that the dynamics of characterization, and the attendant sexual politics, are more complicated than a simple opposition. Drawing on assemblage theory (first outlined by Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari), this chapter advances a reading of Charicleia as an assemblage of female figures whose visibility is established in Roman society: the prostitute, the priestess, and the martyr. Charicleia is created as a visualizing assemblage of these female roles, in the sense that the component parts of the assemblage make her character visible. Heliodorus, the chapter argues, portrays Charicleia through, and at times as, these female figures in the public gaze, with shifting intensities and moral affects, and thereby creates a new model of womanhood: the elite and upright betrothed woman whose visibility is socially sanctioned. In this reading, Thisbe functions not as the antithesis of Charicleia’s character, but as a constituent component of it.
Cnemon Meets Calasiris (2.21–2)
Authors: Billault Alain
Published: April 2022

Cnemon meets Calasiris who appears for the first time in the novel. The episode is replete with literary references (Homer, Plato, Achilles Tatius). It also contains narratological paradoxes, establishing within Heliodorus’ own tale a scene of story-telling, in which Cnemon is eager to listen and Calasiris to speak. Heliodorus inventively reverses and enriches the expected developments of the dramatic situation and manages to establish the scene of the reading of his book inside the book itself. As Calasiris enters the story, many questions arise about him. They create a genuine suspense which is a powerful motive for reading on the novel.
Sphragis 2
Authors: Repath Ian
Published: April 2022

The previous chapter explores how Heliodorus’ sphragis evokes and inverts the conventions of self-identification recognizable from works of historiography and his generic predecessor, Chariton, who imitates the practice of writers such as Thucydides. Allusions to Odysseus and Achilles Tatius’ Clitophon, discussed in Chapter 17, raise questions of reliability and reality, which are in tension with the historiographical pose maintained by the novel’s narrator. The result is both intensely metafictional and suggestive of a complex relationship between the contents of the novel and reality. The second section analyses the end of the narrative and argues that it is designed to outdo the endings of the novels of Achilles Tatius and Longus. At the same time, Heliodorus leaves his story unfinished, with the consummation of the marriage of the protagonists replaced by his self-revelation, making the reader re-evaluate what it is they want.
Professional Contexts
Authors: Smith Helen
Published: April 2022

This chapter traces two key contexts for early modern poetry: manuscript and print. Writing and printing were skilled manual tasks, forms of embodied knowledge that demanded an intimate, responsive relationship between workers and their tools. Authors wrote poems, but so did scribes or scriveners, secretaries and amanuenses, and amateur copyists. Stationers put poems into print, sometimes altering them as they did so, and introducing them to new audiences. The chapter considers how printed and written poems were made, and their material and formal conventions. Ranging across the sixteenth century, it explores the self-consciousness of early modern authors, writers, and stationers about the affordances and reputation of script and print, as well as attitudes to authorship and literary meaning.