bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards Construct Validity of Relational Aggression: An Examination of the Children's Social Behavior Scale
Authors: Brandes Cassandra M , Reardon Kathleen Wade , Shields Allison , Tackett Jennifer L
Published: January 2021

Relational aggression – or behavior intended to harm the relationships of its victims – has been the focus of interdisciplinary study across developmental, clinical, personality, and social psychology in the last several decades. One of the primary measures used to assess relational aggression in youth is the Children’s Social Behavior Scale (CSBS; Crick & Grotpeter, 1995), but despite its common usage, the construct validity of this measure has not been comprehensively assessed. In the present study, we used a multistage construct validity framework to thoroughly investigate the nature of relational aggression across six community samples totaling 3,102 youth and their caregivers. We used multiple methods to map the reliability, internal or structural validity, and external validity of this scale. Through these analyses, we found that CSBS Relational Aggression demonstrated strong internal consistency, test-retest, and interrater reliability as well as a robust single factor structure and invariance across multiple demographic groups. External validity analyses positioned relational aggression within a theoretically consistent nomological net including psychopathology, personality, and social developmental factors. Contrary to concerns about the validity of self- and parent-reports of relational aggression, both parent- and youth-report forms of the CSBS Relational Aggression scale demonstrated strong reliability and validity. While construct validation has received inadequate attention in the psychological literature to date, through this project, we aimed to demonstrate how this approach may be used to investigate existing measures across psychological research.
Prevalence of common mental health concerns and service utilization among international students studying in the U.S.
Authors: Zhou Xiang , Zhou Anne Q. , Sun Xiaoning
Published: January 2021

An estimated one million international students are enrolled in U.S. universities. However, little was known about the landscape of their mental health and help-seeking behaviors. Drawing from a large national university student sample (N = 228,421, 8.49% non-U.S. citizen) from the Healthy Minds Study, data indicated the rates of major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, eating disorder, non-suicidal self-injury, and suicidal ideation were 27.4%, 20.0%, 26.4%, 17.2%, and 8.8% respectively among international students, with high inter-country variabilities. Contrary to our expectations, there is no strong and consistent evidence suggesting international students were at higher risk for common mental health concerns compared to domestic students. However, among students who were screened positive for these mental health disorders (n = 96,567), there was a significant difference between service utilization rates for international students and domestic students (32.0% vs. 49.8%), even after controlling for gender, age, socioeconomic status, perceived need for help, mental health stigma, and using informal support. Our results highlight the urgency for addressing mental health concerns and equitable mental health care among international students.
Incidental impressions formed from visual social cues; updating and group context
Authors: Newey Rachel , Koldewyn Kami , Ramsey Richard
Published: January 2021

A variety of subtle social cues, including gaze behaviour, are used to form impressions of others. For example, if another’s eye-gaze reliably helps or hinders us while we complete a task, we incidentally form a positive or negative impression about them. In real life, people are rarely so consistent in their behaviour, and they are often encountered in dynamic group contexts. To date, however, it is not yet known how incidental impressions are affected by either changes in target individual’s behaviour over time group, or by the group’s behaviour. To better understand how impressions are formed when subtle social behaviours change valence over time, we manipulated helping behaviour both at the level of the individual (Experiments 1-3) and the wider group (Experiments 4 & 5). Contrary to the idea that first impressions are hard to change, we found no evidence that impressions were driven by initial behaviour (primacy effects). Rather, people tended to form impressions based on the most recent behaviour, with some influence from the overall, average behaviour. In addition, we found that individuals’ behaviours appear to be viewed more or less favourably, depending on the behaviour of the wider group. Overall, we demonstrate that impression formation based on subtle social cues is not dominated by a single process, but instead reflects a complex product of cognitive mechanisms that integrate average valence over time, the direction of behaviour changes, the recency of observed behaviour, and the group context in which the behaviour is observed.
Cooperation across multiple game-theoretical paradigms is increased by fear more than anger in selfish individuals
Authors: Chierchia Gabriele , Lesemann Franca Parianen , Snower Dennis , Singer Tania
Published: January 2021

Cooperative decisions are well predicted by stable individual differences in social values but it remains unclear how they may be modulated by emotions such as fear and anger. Moving beyond specific decision paradigms, we used a suite of economic games and investigated how experimental inductions of fear or anger affect latent factors of decision making in individuals with selfish or prosocial value orientations. We found that, relative to experimentally induced anger, induced fear elicited higher scores on a cooperation factor, and that this effect was entirely driven by selfish participants. In fact, induced fear brought selfish individuals to cooperate similarly to prosocial individuals, possibly as a (selfish) mean to seek protection in others. These results suggest that two basic threat-related emotions, fear and anger, differentially affect a generalized form of cooperation and that this effect is buffered by prosocial value orientation.
Commitment and impersonation: A reputation-based theory of principled behavior
Authors: Singh Manvir , Hoffman Moshe
Published: January 2021

Principled behavior seems to defy evolutionary logic. Principled people consistently abide by their principles, ignore tradeoffs or compromises, and pursue the principles for transcendental reasons, such as that they are “right”, decreed by God, or part of an eternal debt to the emperor. Here, we explain principled behavior as a combination of what we call “committed agents” and “impersonators”. Committed agents are individuals whose extreme psychology compels them to never deviate from a maxim and who are especially trustworthy for it. Imitators non-consciously masquerade as committed agents to garner trust. Given that observers can only determine whether a person is genuinely committed on the basis of their behavior, impersonators must appear to never deviate from the maxim, never think about deviating, pursue the maxim for the reason motivating committed agents, and justify ambiguous or compromising decision as conforming to the principle. We use this account to explain key features of principled behavior as well as seemingly unrelated phenomena, including cognitive dissonance, foot-in-the-door effects, moral licensing, sacred values, the expanding moral circle, and beliefs in supernatural punishment. Principled behavior consists of the behavior of rare extreme individuals and strategic attempts by others to pass as them.
Collecting better data on sexuality, relationships and violence: empirical evidence from a school-based evaluation
Authors: Makleff Shelly , Garduño Jovita , Márquez Vanessa Ivon Silva , Medina Susana , Barindelli Florencia , Marston Cicely
Published: January 2021

Background: Missing and inconsistent data are common problems when researching young people’s sexual health. Complete and high-quality data are needed to inform effective programming. To inform improvements, we examine different techniques for collecting school-based data about young people’s sexuality, relationships and partner violence.Methods: We use empirical data from a school-based programme evaluation in Mexico City as a case study. The evaluation sought data on sexuality and relationships using self-administered questionnaires, observation, focus groups, and in-depth interviews. We explore the advantages and disadvantages of different data collection methods in practice, comparing data from questionnaires and interviews to examine data quality and identifying challenges to collecting and interpreting data from different methods and sources. We used descriptive statistics, reviewed field notes, and conducted thematic analysis, drawing on research team and participant perspectives. Results: Data collection was influenced by earthquakes and extreme weather, social aspects of the data collection setting, and the sensitive nature of the data. There was variation in data quality by group, timepoint, gender, and topic. Women had a higher proportion of complete responses than men at most timepoints. Intervention group men were the only group to increase their proportion of complete responses from baseline to endline. Items about sexual activity had the lowest proportions of complete responses. Participants varied in their willingness to share personal information. Data from different sources and timepoints sometimes appeared contradictory, creating challenges with interpretation. Conclusions: This analysis can inform methodological choice for school-based sexual health research. Our experience highlights the difficulties of anticipating – and correcting for – the many interacting real-world challenges threats to data quality and interpretation challenges that can arise. It is vital that results for all types of analysis are accompanied by a reflexive discussion of data collection conditions and challenges that might impact on data quality.
Lipid Profile in Preeclampsia Patients as Compared to Normal Patient
Authors: Kayastha Sanita , Tiwari B , Subedi R
Published: January 2021

The main objective of the study was to see the association of dyslipidemia in preeclampsia (PET) as compare to normotensive (NT) patients. It was a descriptive study done in Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology from April 2019 from April 2020. A total of 75 PET (test group) and 75 NT (control group) in their third trimester were included. Their fasting lipid profile was studied. It was found that triglyceride (TG) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was significantly high among PET group as compared to that of NT patients. The mean TG of PET group was 266.11± 98.61 and the NT group was 187±58.56 (p=0.00) and the mean VLDL of PET group was 46.00±15.31 and NT group was 37.88±12.85 (p=0.001). On the other hand, the total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were not significantly different in both the groups. It was also found that with the severity of the disease (Preeclampsia), the level of TG and VLDL increased significantly. Therefore, among the investigation done for PET, we should include lipid profile, especially the TG and VLDL. Furthermore, TG and VLDL should be measured serially (at least once a week) so as to predict the progress of PET and manage the patient accordingly.
Caregivers’ Knowledge and Attitude on Breastfeeding Practices and its Influence on Primiparous Mothers
Authors: Mathema Smriti , Shrestha S , Pokhrel M
Published: January 2021

The role of primary caregiver is crucial in the mother’s continuity of care and in improving the health of families by supporting breastfeeding. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between caregiver knowledge of breastfeeding and its influence on the mother has not been established. Findings from this study hope to provide improvisation of existing breastfeeding programs to include advocacy, counselling and training of caregivers. This study was a cross-sectional, correlation study of the level of knowledge of caregivers about breastfeeding and its influence on primiparous mothers. The participants were recruited from a tertiary hospital located in Kathmandu and a one-one face-to-face interview using a self-constructed structured questionnaire was conducted in the postnatal and private ward where the patients were admitted. A total of 238 caregivers of primiparous mothers participated in this study. The collected qualitative data were then analyzed with descriptive statistics. Most of the primary caregivers who were interviewed were mothers of the patient (30.2%), followed by other relatives (22.3%), spouse (21.4%), mother-in-law (20.2%) and siblings (5.9%). Among the 238 participants, it was found that the level of caregiver’s knowledge of breastfeeding was low in 74 (31%), moderate in 128 (54%) and good in 36 (15%). Overall, the study showed a fairly inadequate knowledge towards various correct breastfeeding practices. There is a huge gap in knowledge and an urgent need to include primary caregivers of pregnant women in counselling and training of breastfeeding practices in order to improve infant health.
Cytopathological Evaluation of Thyroid Lesions Based on Bethesda System in Patients Attending Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital
Authors: Kafle Neeta , Koirala B , Kafle SU , Singh M , Sinha A
Published: January 2021

More than 50% of the world’s population has at least a thyroid nodule. Detail clinical examination and radiology may help in diagnosing thyroid lesions but the management depends upon the cytopathological diagnosis. Optimum use of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and better understanding of cytomorphological characteristic of thyroid lesions by using Bethesda system, triaging of patients who are to be treated medically or surgically is more accurate. The objective of this present study is cytopathological evaluation of thyroid lesions based on Bethesda System in patients attending Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital. The objective was also to correlate the cytological findings with histopathological findings where ever possible. A total of 104 patients with thyroid lesions underwent fine needle aspiration cytology in a period of a year (September 1, 2019 to August 31, 2020). Cytological features were evaluated and classified according to the Bethesda system. Histopathological features were evaluated and correlated wherever available. Among 104 patients with thyroid lesions 93 were female and 11 were male. Four cases turned out to be non diagnostic, 85 benign, three Atypia of undetermined significance, three Suspicious for follicular neoplasm and eight Suspicious of malignancy and one Malignant according to Bethesda system. Histopathology specimen was received in 31 patients out of whom 20 (64.5%) patients were reported as colloid nodule, two follicular adenoma, one Hurthle cell adenoma, six papillary carcinoma and two follicular carcinoma. Medullary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma were not seen in the patients evaluated. Specificity and sensitivity of fine needle aspiration cytology was 94.7% and 88.9% respectively. Thus reporting thyroid lesions FNAC with Bethesda system allow a more specific cytological diagnosis.
Primary aneurysmal bone cyst of talus – A rare case report
Authors: Thakur Abhishek Kumar , Pradhan NMS , Devkota P , Gyawali B
Published: January 2021

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) of the talus is an extremely rare lesion. Less than 20 cases have been reported in PubMed till 2012 and none from Nepal. We report a rare case of primary ABC of talus in a 17 year old male that was managed by extended intra-lesional curettage and autologous cancellous iliac crest bone grafting. The patient had excellent functional outcome and there was no recurrence at 1 year of follow-up.
Review of Flood Hazards Studies in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Buddhi Raj , Rai Raj Kumar , Marasini Saroj
Published: January 2021

Flood, a common water-induced disaster of monsoon season, is a recurring phenomenon in Nepal. It causes many deaths and injuries besides severe impacts on the vital infrastructures of the nation. This paper reviews the published national and international journal articles related to flood hazard mapping in Nepal. Desinventar database from 1971-2016 shows that Bagmati province and province 2 are more affected than other provinces in Nepal. Here we review the previous studies on flood disasters at the regional and national levels. The results show that most of the papers are based on a steady flow model for inundation mapping and more focuses on hazard analysis rather than vulnerability and risk assessment.
In silico study of the Colorado potato beetle alpha-amylase structure and its interaction with inhibitors
Authors: Tsvetkov V.O. , Maksutova V.O. , Yarullina L.G.
Published: January 2021

To develop effective and environmentally friendly methods for protecting crop plants from pests, it is necessary to know the structure of pests hydrolases and the mechanisms of their interaction with plant inhibitors. The aim of this work was a modeling of the spatial structure of Colorado potato beetle alpha-amylase, analysis of the effect of revealed structural features on interaction with protein inhibitors, as well as modeling of interaction with amylase inhibitors from various organisms.The spatial structure of the Colorado potato beetle alpha-amylase was obtained by the method of computer modeling using the IntFOLD and NOMAD-Ref services. Colorado potato beetle amylase differs in the structure and physicochemical properties of the active site in comparison with flour beetle amylase, but has the same conformation of the main chain. The possible effect of these differences on the interaction of the enzyme with plant inhibitors – a lectin-like bean inhibitor and a RATI inhibitor – was shown. The CABS-dock service was used to model the interaction of Colorado potato beetle amylase with polypeptide inhibitors of amylase from various plant species, bacteria, and actinomycetes. Among the structures obtained, the best values of complex free energy were possessed by the knottin-like inhibitor of amaranth and the purothionin-like inhibitor of oats; the least favorable is the binding with the inhibitors of the actinobacterium Thermopolyspora flexuosa and the aquatic plant Alternanthera sessilis. The model structure of a knottin-like inhibitor in a complex with Colorado potato beetle amylase, in comparison with the known structure of a complex with flour beetle amylase, has a similar chain folding, but significantly different conformation. The data obtained can be used to search for new effective pests’ amylase inhibitors and environmentally friendly methods of protecting potato plants from insect pests, including using the genetic transformation of plants.
Promiscuous Archiving: Notes on the Joys of Curating Black Queer Legacies
Authors: McFARLANE Courtnay , Cummings Ronald
Published: January 2021

On 5 June 2018, the ArQuives in Toronto (formerly the Canadian Lesbian and Gay Archives) hosted a public conversation between Ajamu and Courtnay McFarlane titled “Promiscuous Archiving: The Joys of Curating Queer Black Legacies.” The exchange published here is a follow-up to that public dialogue. It not only returns to some of the terms, gestures, narratives, and critical provocations of that previous discussion but also expands on several of those issues and questions. In what follows, Ajamu and Courtnay talk with Ronald about their artistic and curatorial practice and about the relationships between joy, desire, collectivity, and archiving. Their dialogue offers both a theory of and about archives as well as reflections on archival practice in relation to Black queer histories.
FORMATION OF MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF FERRITES DURING RADIATION-THERMAL SINTERING
Authors:   Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic, Stary O .
Published: January 2021

The results of a comparative analysis of the laws governing the formation of ferrite hysteresis loop parameters sintered in thermal and radiation-thermal conditions were shown. The influence of radiation exposure on the interconversion of microstructure defects and their content in ferrites, depending on the duration and temperature of treatment, was established. Also, it was shown that recrystallization grain growth under irradiation conditions is ahead of grain growth during thermal heating. The observed radiation effects were associated with the effect of radiation on the microstructure. The magnetic parameters are uniquely determined by the compaction of the sample.
Dukungan Keluarga terhadap Kepatuhan Obat pada Pasien Human Immunodeficiency Virus dengan Harga Diri Rendah
Authors: Handayani Buntar , Wahyuningsih Sri Atun
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of family support in drug adherence on the subject of Human Immunodeficiency Virus with low self-esteem in the PELNI hospital in Jakarta. The research method in this study is Pre Experimental with One Group Pre-Test-Post Test Design. The results showed that family support could have a positive impact on reducing mental disorders in PLWHA, such as anxiety, stress, depression, and low self-esteem. Conclusions, the results of subjects I and II who experience low self-esteem cause disruption of self-role, disability, helplessness, negative self-ideal, and negative self-esteem.

 

Keywords: Family Support, Low Self-Esteem, Medication Adherence, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Pengembangan Kompetensi Preseptor Klinis Keperawatan
Authors: Erawan Annisa Nur , Rejeki Yunita Fitri
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of clinical nursing preceptor competencies in Cibabat Cimahi Regional Hospital. This research method uses descriptive qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The results showed that there were competency gaps in the form of 3 major themes in the development of clinical preceptor competencies as well as: a) the responsibilities of clinical counselors in guiding students, b) unpleasant experiences during guiding students, c) clinical counselors' expectations towards improving the student guidance process. The most relevant reinforcement model is preceptorship training. In conclusion, the competency gap that exists in clinical nursing supervisors at Cibabat Cimahi Regional Hospital is the responsibility of clinical counselors, unpleasant experiences while guiding students and clinical advisors' expectations towards improving student guidance processes. The strengthening model that is relevant to the essence of the competency gap in the four competencies of clinical preceptor competency is preceptorship training in collaboration with the Hospital.

 

Keywords: Competence, Preceptorship
Faktor - Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Bounding Attachment Masa Nifas
Authors: Susilawati Dewi , Nilakesuma Nur Fadjri , Risnawati Risnawati
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that affect puerperal breastfeeding attachment. The research method used was descriptive-analytic research with a cross-sectional design. The study results describe the variables of maternal characteristics (age, education, and parity) that affect the bounding attachment, with only parity variables with p values of 0.041. In addition, the effect on bounding attachment is the parent / family response variable (p = 0.036) and social support (p = 0.029) while there is no influence of the level of knowledge with bounding attachment (p = 1,000). In conclusion, socialize bounding attachment to mothers, families, the community to increase mother's knowledge and increase the success of Bounding Attachments between mother and child.

 

Keywords: Bounding Attachment, Postpartum Mother, Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ)
Meningkatkan Loyalitas Bidan Melalui Pemasaran Internal di Fasilitas Kesehatan Dasar
Authors: Rahmawaty Desi Fani , Damayanti Nyoman Anita , Ernawaty Ernawaty
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of midwives and internal marketing efforts (empowerment, reward system, and capacity building) with midwife loyalty. This research is an analytical study with a population of midwives involved in PONED services at Puskesmas. The results showed that employment status has a positive correlation with loyalty (sig = 0.019). Empowerment efforts and reward systems have no relationship with midwife loyalty, while efforts to increase competence have a positive relationship with commitment (sig = 0.037). In conclusion, the certainty of employment status and the better the efforts to increase competence carried out by the Puskesmas will determine midwives' loyalty in PONED services.

 

Keywords: Midwives, Loyalty, Internal Marketing, PONED
Studi Fenomenologi: Pengalaman Remaja dalam Menggunakan Narkoba
Authors: Suryani Ketut , Hardika Bangun Dwi , Rini Maria Tarisia
Published: January 2021

This study aims to explore and explore in-depth the experiences of adolescents in using drugs. This research method uses qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach. The results of the study obtained twelve themes, namely: 1) The age of adolescents using drugs, 2) The initial causes of adolescents using drugs, 3) The frequency of drug use in adolescents, 4) The types of drugs used by adolescents, 5) How adolescents get drugs, 6) Adolescent's efforts to stop using drugs, 7) Adolescent's feelings after using drugs, 8) The expectations of adolescents who use drugs, 9) The impact of adolescents using drugs, 10) The effects of adolescents if they do not use drugs, 11) Youth perceptions of drugs, 12) Adolescent response when using drugs. In conclusion, the impact of using drugs on adolescents was that some adolescents said they were thin, lost their parents, and quit school.

 

Keywords: Colaizzi, Phenomenology, Drugs, Teenagers
Hipnosis Lima Jari Kombinasi Instrumen Musik Pop Menurunkan Kecemasan Wanita Produktif Dimasa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Ariana Putu Agus , Dewi Putu Indah Sintya , Rismayanti I Dewa Ayu
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine differences in anxiety among productive women during the COVID-19 pandemic before and after being given five-finger hypnosis with a combination of pop music instruments in Bengkala Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali. This research method is quantitative research with a pre-experimental design, one group pre-post test design. In the univariate analysis of 20 respondents before being given intervention, the average anxiety score obtained was 20.85, with the lowest anxiety score, 15 or mild anxiety, and the highest score was 27 or moderate pressure. After being given the intervention, the average anxiety score obtained was 16.95, with the lowest anxiety score was ten or not anxious, and the highest was 25 or moderate anxiety. The results of the bivariate analysis showed that p-value = 0.005. In conclusion, the five finger hypnosis combination of pop music instruments effectively reduces pressure in productive women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bengkala Village, Buleleng Regency, Bali.

 

Keywords: Five Finger Hypnosis, Pop Music, Women
Pemahaman Moderasi Beragama dan Prilaku Intoleran terhadap Remaja di Kota-Kota Besar di Jawa Barat
Authors: Adawiyah Rabiah Al , Tobing Clara Ignatia , Handayani Otih
Published: January 2021

Kota-kota besar di Jawa Barat seperti Bandung, Depok, dan Bogor kerap menjadi sorotan terkait persoalan toleransi kerukunan antar umat beragama. Dalam Indeks Kota Toleran yang dikeluarkan Setara Institute Tahun 2017 dan 2018 Kota Bandung meski telah beranjak dari posisi 83 (2017) ke 69 (2018) namun belum masuk dalam 50 kota teratas yang toleran. Sementara, Kota Depok dan Bogor dari posisi 90 dan 92 (2017) menjadi 88 dan 89 (2018). Depok dan Bogor masih masuk di sepuluh terburuk di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, perlu penelitian lebih lanjut terutama terhadap kelompok remaja di kota-kota tersebut, karena remaja merupakan generasi tulang punggung masa depan bangsa dan negara. Penelitian ini akan menggambarkan pemahaman dan sikap remaja di kota-kota besar di Jawa Barat dalam moderasi beragama, dan korelasinya dengan perilaku intoleran. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Pertama, dilakkan perhitungan jumlah populasi populasi remaja SMA di 3 kota, yaitu Bandung, Bogor dan Depok. Lalu sampel populasi ditentukan menggunakan probability sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan pemberian kuesioner kepada responden, data hasil yang diperoleh diuji validitas menggunakan rumus koefisien korelasi Product Moment Pearson. Hasil penelitian diperoleh melalui analisis regresi logistik berganda. Tujuan dari hasil penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pemahaman dan sikap siswa menengah atas dalam moderasi beragama, pengaruh Pendidikan Agama, serta korelasinya terhadap sikap dan interaksi siswa dalam toleransi antar umat beragama di 3 kota besar di Jawa Barat
Tinjauan Ekonomi, Politik dan Keamanan Terhadap Pengembangan Food Estate di Kalimantan Tengah Sebagai Alternatif Menjaga Ketahanan Pangan di Tengah Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Sianipar Binsar , G Tangkudung Audrey
Published: January 2021

Sejak Maret 2020 Indonesia dinyatakan sebagai wilayah yang terdampak pandemi Covid-19. Virus Corona sebagai penyebab pandemi yang pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan, China, dengan cepat menyebar ke seluruh dunia seperti Italia, India, Iran dan Indonesia. Kondisi tersebut telah menempatkan sejumlah negara di dunia, termasuk Indonesia, pada gerbang resesi ekonomi. Sejumlah kebijakan telah ditempuh Pemerintah Indonesia, antara lain menunjuk Menteri Pertahanan untuk menjaga ketahanan pangan nasional agar dapat bertahan dari resesi yang berpotensi datang melalui program food estate di Kalimantan Tengah. Atas dasar itulah, penelitian ini mengkaji pengembangan food estate di Kalimantan Tengah sebagai alternatif menjaga ketahanan pangan di tengah pandemi Covid-19 melalui tiga perspektif, yaitu ekonomi, politik, dan keamanan. Pembahasan dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan pendekatan epistemologis berdasarkan empat pilar ketahanan pangan yang ditetapkan oleh Organisasi Pangan dan Pertanian Dunia (FAO), yaitu ketersediaan, akses, pemanfaatan, dan stabilitas.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE SISTEMAS DE LIBERAÇÃO DE FÁRMACOS TRANSDÉRMICOS NO TRATAMENTO DE PSORÍASE: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Wesley Ferreira de Moraes Brandão , Thaíse Caroline da Silva Lima , Luana Angélica Aires Rodrigues Jordão , Maria Eduarda Pires Lima , Jeymesson Raphael Cardoso Vieira
Published: January 2021

A psoríase é uma doença crônica, não transmissível, dolorosa, incapacitante que possui caráter inflamatório e autoimune. Ela tem como principal característica clínica lesões cutâneas eritematosas e escamosas, geralmente localizadas nas articulações (cotovelos, joelhos) e couro cabeludo. O tratamento convencional da doença consiste em medicamentos que necessitam de alta dosagem e possuem efeitos colaterais que, quando administrados oralmente, podem acarretar malefícios ao trato digestivo, bem como quando por via tópica, possuem baixa permeabilidade e absorção cutânea. Uma nova abordagem de transporte de drogas por meio de um veículo, denominada de liberação de fármacos transdérmicos (SLFT), destaca-se por proporcionar maior eficiência de aprisionamento, produtividade, biocompatibilidade aprimorada e ação sustentada local de medicamentos no tratamento de psoríase, podendo auxiliar na redução da dose dos fármacos, assim como de efeitos adversos, reduzindo também a carga de tratamento dos pacientes. Este artigo tem como objetivo identificar a utilização de sistemas de liberação de fármacos transdérmicos no tratamento de pacientes acometidos por psoríase. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica do tipo revisão integrativa. A busca ocorreu em outubro de 2020 nas seguintes bases de dados: EMBASE, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, SCOPUS, Web of Science e LILACS. A seleção e extração de dados dos artigos foram realizadas por dois pesquisadores independentes. Os estudos elegíveis para inclusão foram artigos originais com relatos do uso de um sistema de liberação de fármacos transdérmicos no tratamento de psoríase e que estivessem disponíveis na íntegra. Um instrumento de coleta de dados foi construído com indagações sobre a identificação do artigo, aspectos, bem como os desfechos dos artigos. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os SLTF foram eficientes na entrega percutânea de drogas através da pele, além de apresentarem efeitos anti-inflamatório significativos, reduzindo as citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Os dados demonstraram também o efeito oclusivo caracterizado pela formação de uma camada fina na pele. A análise da amostra permitiu identificar o uso de SLFT no tratamento de psoríase, no qual estes apresentaram baixa toxicidade e redução de efeitos adversos. Logo, conclui-se que, de acordo com os artigos da amostra, a utilização dos SLTF mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento da doença, devido sua capacidade de entrega de drogas com potencial anti-inflamatório. Além disso, os artigos apontaram que os SLTF oferecem menos riscos ao paciente, menos efeitos colaterais, redução de dose e, consequentemente, carga do tratamento.
General Collective Intelligence and the Cloud
Authors: Williams Andy E
Published: January 2021

The resources that can be made available on-demand through cloud computing are continually increasing. One potential addition is General Collective Intelligence or GCI, which has been defined as a platform that combines individuals into a single intelligence with the potential for exponentially greater general problem-solving ability (intelligence) than any individual. The concept of a cognitive computing platform involves leveraging GCI to orchestrate cooperation between any entities that are required in order to create the capacity to maximize any collective outcome targeted. Rather than executing programming code, a cognitive computing platform must execute functional models in which each of the functional operations composing that model is implemented in some programming language. All services that run on the cloud, as well as the cloud itself, can potentially be offered as cognitive computing platforms. Where current cloud computing limits customers to a particular cloud service vendor, cloud computing as a cognitive computing platform has the potential to completely decouple users from any such dependencies, while at the same time creating the potential for an exponential increase in demand for cloud services from those vendors that participate by decoupling their services in this way.
Польська архітектурна спадщина XVIII-XIX століття на Київщині
Authors: Sałata Oksana
Published: January 2021

Стаття розкриває проблеми збереження архітектурної спадщини ХVІІІ-ХІХ століть на Київщині, акцентує увагу на тому, що завдяки вивченню і збереженню маєтностей польських магнатів і шляхтичів можна прослідкувати істотні риси соціального устрою цього регіону у ХVІІІ – ХІХ століттях. Як приклад, представлено історико-культурні ресурси українсько-польської спадщини Київщини, де вагоме місце займають садиби польських магнатів Браницьких, панів Червінських, Підгірських та Залєських, Тарновських. Увагу акцентовано на важливій проблемі співпраці українських фахівців у сфері збереження культурно-історичної спадщини та польськими центрами охорони і наукових досліджень польської культурної спадщини, меценатів.
Therapies for Genetic Forms of Parkinson’s Disease: Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Over Laura , Brüggemann Norbert , Lohmann Katja
Published: January 2021

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a disabling neurological condition characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Currently, the treatment for PD is symptomatic and compensates for the endogenous loss of dopamine production. In cases where the pharmacological therapy is only partly beneficial or results in major wearing-off complications, surgical interventions such as deep brain stimulation may be an alternative treatment. The disease cause often remains unknown, but in some patients, a monogenic cause can be identified. Mutations in at least six genes, LRRK2, SNCA, and VPS35 (dominant forms) or Parkin/PRKN, PINK1, and DJ1/PARK7 (recessive forms) have been unequivocally linked to PD pathogenesis. We here systematically screened 8,576 publications on these monogenic PD forms. We identified 2,226 mutation carriers from 456 papers. Levodopa was the most widely applied treatment; only 34 patients were indicated to be untreated at the time of reporting. Notably, detailed treatment data was rarely mentioned including response quantification (good, moderate, minimal) in 951 and/or dose in 293 patients only. Based on available data, levodopa showed an overall good outcome, especially in LRRK2, VPS35, Parkin, and PINK1 mutation carriers (“good” response in 94.6–100%). Side effects of levodopa therapy were reported in ∼15–40%of levodopa-treated patients across genes with dyskinesias as the most frequent one. Non-levodopa medication was indicated to be administered to <200 patients with mainly good outcome. Only a few reports were available on outcomes of brain surgery. Here, most mutation carriers showed a good response. Importantly, none of the available treatments is harmful to one genetic form but effective in another one. In the light of different medication schemes, the progressive nature of PD, and side effects, an improvement of therapeutic options for PD is warranted including a treatabolome database to guide clinicians in treatment decisions. Further, novel disease-cause-modifying drugs are needed.
Pilot study of cerebral and somatic autoregulation using NIRS in preterm neonates
Authors: Traub T.M. , Grabowski R. , Rais-Bahrami K.
Published: January 2021

Background: As neonates transition from a relatively hypoxic environment to extra-uterine life, arterial oxygen saturation dramatically increases. This transition occurs while most organs have not fully matured. The ability for immature tissue to adequately extract and utilize oxygen remains largely unknown. With the development of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), measuring specific tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) noninvasively, clinicians can measure StO2 and determine if adequate tissue oxygenation is maintained. The objective of this study is to determine the relationships of NIRS brain and somatic autoregulation function to patients’ severity of illness. Methods: In this prospective cohort pilot study, after parental consent, neonates less than 34 weeks with arterial access, were enrolled. The FORE-SIGHT NIRS probe was placed on the forehead and abdominal wall for 24 hours. Continuous arterial blood pressure, SpO2 and cerebral and somatic NIRS were used to derive autoregulation function. Results: Data was obtained from 17 neonates (0.540 to 2.37 kg, gestation 23.0 to 33.2 weeks). The autoregulation function categorizes pressure passive index (PPI) values as good, borderline, or poor. For normal autoregulation function, PPI values tend to be low and fairly constant for a range of MAP. The PPI borderline zone is a hypothetical range of PPI values where autoregulation function transitions from good to poor. Conclusion: Our results show most premature neonates, as long as they maintained normal BP and systemic circulation can autoregulate cerebral perfusion. When BP are above or below the normal MAP for age, the neonate is at risk for losing brain and somatic autoregulation.
Improved NLMS-based adaptive denoising method for ECG signals
Authors: Wang Fengsui , Wang Qisheng , Liu Furong , Chen Jingang , Fu Linjun , Zhao Fa
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Traditional least mean square algorithm (LMS) tends to converge faster and thus the larger the steady-state error of the algorithm. OBJECTIVE: In order to solve this issue, an improved adaptive normalized least mean square (NLMS) ECG signal denoising algorithm is proposed through utilizing the NLMS and the least mean square algorithm with added momentum term (MLMS). METHODS: The algorithm firstly performs LMS adaptive filtering on the original ECG signal. Then, the algorithm uses the relative error of the prior error signal and the posterior error signal before and after filtering to adaptively determine the iteration step factor. Finally, the expected error is set to determine whether the denoising meets the expected requirements. This method is applied to the MIT-BIH ECG database established by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. RESULTS: Experimental results have shown that the proposed algorithm can achieve good denoising for the target signal, and the average signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the proposed method is 17.6016, the RMSE is only 0.0334, and the average smoothness index R is only 0.0325. CONCLUSION: The proposed algorithm effectively removes the original ECG signal noise, and improves the smoothness of the signal the denoising efficiency.
Effectiveness of whole-body vibration or biofeedback postural training as an add-on to vestibular exercises rehabilitation therapy in chronic unilateral vestibular weakness: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Ardıç Fazıl Necdet , Alkan Hakan , Tümkaya Funda , Ardıç Füsun
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: The efforts to achieve better functional results in vestibular rehabilitation have been continued by using different visual and somatosensory stimuli for a long time. Whole-body vibration (WBV) is a mechanical vertical stimulation that provides high frequency vibration stimulus to the proprioceptive receptors. Biofeedback provides continuous information to the subject regarding postural changes. These techniques may aid to improve vestibular rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the effect of adding WBV or biofeedback postural training (BPT) to standard rehabilitation exercises in patients with chronic unilateral vestibular weakness. METHODS: Ninety patients were randomized into three groups. Group 1 had WBV and Group 2 BPT in addition to the standard rehabilitation exercises. Group 3 only carried out the home-based exercises and served as the control. Outcome measures such as static posturography, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up-and-Go test, Visual Analog Scale, and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) were used for comparison. RESULTS: Statistically significant gains were achieved in all groups with all parameters at the end of treatment when compared to baseline (p < 0.05). The patients in Group 1 (WBV), however, were significantly better than those in Groups 2 and 3 at the static posturographic stability score, Berg Balance Scale, and DHI (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Adding WBV to a rehabilitation program may be an effective strategy to improve postural stability and achieve better physical, functional and emotional outcomes.
The dynamics of endolymphatic hydrops and vestibular disorders
Authors: Charpiot Anne , Fath Léa , Veillon Francis , Venkatasamy Aïna , Baumgartner Daniel
Published: January 2021

Endolymphatic hydrops is defined as an accumulation of endolymph in the inner ear leading to a buildup of pressure and distortion of intralabyrinthine structures. The pressure variation is neither obvious nor easy to measure and remains not clearly confirmed. The distortion of endolymphatic structures has been the main described phenomenon since Hallpike, Cairns and Yamakawa in 1938. However, some clinical symptoms associated with endolymphatic hydrops are in addition to the typical triad of symptoms of Meniere’s disease. This introduction to the state of the art is an analysis of the relationship between hydrops and clinical vestibular disorders, with a focus on the dynamics of endolymphatic hydrops. The distortion of endolabyrinthine structures can be considered as a dynamic process modeled with mechanical elastic behavior.
Identifying factors that influenced wellbeing and learning effectiveness during the sudden transition into eLearning due to the COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Naddeo Alessandro , Califano Rosaria , Fiorillo Iolanda
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: The sanitary emergency due to COVID-19 virus obliged people to face up several changes in their everyday life becauseWorld Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines and countries' Health Systems imposed lockdown of activities and social distancing to flatten the infection curve. One of these rapid changes involved students and professors that had to turn the traditional "in presence" classes into online courses facing several problems for educational delivery. OBJECTIVES: This work aimed to investigate the factors that affected both teaching/learning effectiveness and general human comfort and wellbeing after the sudden transition from classrooms to eLearning platforms due to COVID-19 in Italy. METHODS: A workshop, involving students and experts of Human Factors and Ergonomics, has been performed to identify aspects/factors that could influence online learning. Then, from workshop output and literature studies, a survey composed of two questionnaires (one for students and one for teachers) has been developed and spread out among Italian universities students and professors. RESULTS: 700 people answered the questionnaires. Data have been analysed and discussed to define the most important changes due to the new eLearning approach. Absence of interactions with colleagues and the necessity to use several devices were some of the aspects coming out from questionnaires. CONCLUSIONS: The study shows an overview of factors influencing both teaching/learning effectiveness and general human comfort and wellbeing. Results could be considered as a basis for future investigation and optimization about the dependencies and correlations among identified factors and the characteristics of the products/interaction/environment during eLearning courses.
DEFINITION AND CONTENT OF THE CONCEPT «TRANSPORT SYSTEM»
Authors: Hashchuk P. , Tymoshenko Yu.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Formalized research of transport systems, improvement of terminology and classification tools is the way to gradually deepen and fully organize knowledge about transport in its broad sense, which should become the basis for finding sufficient means to increase economic activity. But, the problem is that the concept of “transport system” has not been clearly defined and is still contradictable and debatable.Purpose. The research aims to critically compare the concepts of “transport” and “transport system”, to provide a clear definition and explanation of the term “transport system”.Methods. The research has based on general principles of systems thinking and analysis. Systematized defined motivated flow of things or people that create cargo or passengers on the vehicle, as well as a logistics structure that provides transportation processes. The boundaries of economic activity defined the borders of the transport system.Results. Studies on the development of transport quite often interpret “transport” as an infrastructure sector of the economy. Along with such terms as “transport”, “transport industry” and “transport system”, which used as synonyms, researchers mention “transport complex” and “transport infrastructure”. Of course, there should be a scientific rationale for using different terms for defining the same concept.Conclusions. The researchers concluded that the concept of transportation system expressed by different language means and by using different wording as it is a reflection of the researcher’s description of objects, links between the targets and the environment through the prism of the task to find the most effective ways of moving/ transporting things and people towards each other. In additional materials related to the field of the study and the particular task to be com-pleted or problem to be solved, we should provide all necessary clarifications and explanations.