bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Are current mental health assessment formats consistent with contemporary thinking and practice?
Authors: Wand Timothy , Buchanan‐Hagen Sally , Derrick Kate , Harris Michelle
Published: September 2019

Conducting and documenting a mental health assessment is considered a central activity from a clinical and organizational perspective. In recent years, thinking and practice in mental health service delivery has changed considerably to embrace principles of recovery, trauma‐informed care, and strengths‐based approaches. The aim of the present study was to determine the degree to which these concepts are reflected in the content of assessment formats across mental health services in Australia and New Zealand. Copies of mental health assessments used in each state and territory in Australia, and three District Health Boards in New Zealand were obtained. Assessment formats were compared for similarities and differences, and to determine whether concepts of recovery, trauma‐informed care, and strengths‐based approaches were incorporated. The assessment formats analysed (n = 11) contained many traditional features targeted at identifying harms, problems, risks, and pathology. Some attempts to redress this discrepancy were evident. Overall, assessment formats did not adequately voice the individual’s perspective or promote a truly comprehensive assessment through an exploration of individual strengths, skills and abilities, past successes, and future hopes. Assessment formats across Australia and New Zealand are not currently aligned with contemporary thinking and practice in mental health care. Given the heavy influence that mental health assessment has on clinical decision making in particular, a reappraisal of the focus and content of formats used is urgently required.
Hand hygiene of nursing and midwifery students in Cambodia
Authors: Tem Chanoeun , Kong Choury , Him Nayphut , Sann Nimol , Chang Soon Bok , Choi Jeeyae
Published: September 2019

Aim

To determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude and the practice of hand hygiene by nursing and midwifery students in Cambodia.

Background

Hand hygiene is the most cost‐effective means to prevent hospital‐acquired infections. Techniques of hand hygiene are simple; however, many researchers have found hand hygiene knowledge, attitude and practice to be poor in many healthcare settings worldwide, especially in developing countries. Cambodia is a developing country in Southeast Asia and data regarding hand hygiene are limited.

Methods

A cross‐sectional descriptive study was conducted to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of hand hygiene. Students in nursing and midwifery programmes were the target population (n = 300). Survey data were collected from January to May 2017. Descriptive statistics, t‐tests and correlation coefficients were calculated to assess relationships between student knowledge, attitude and hand hygiene practice.

Result

The level of knowledge, attitude and practice of hand hygiene in nursing and midwifery students was moderate. A majority of students had received hand hygiene training. There was no significant difference between nursing and midwifery students in knowledge, attitude and practice of hand hygiene. However, a Pearson correlation of attitude and practice had a weak positive relationship.

Conclusion

Both nursing and midwifery students demonstrated moderate levels of knowledge, attitudes and practice of hand hygiene.

Implication for nursing and health policy

This study identified a need for hand hygiene training. Developing training programmes to improve attitudes about hand hygiene is strongly recommended. Effective training may contribute to change behaviours of hand hygiene (attitude), improve practice and ultimately reduce hospital‐acquired infections.
Genotypic variability following fusion in the invasive colonial tunicate Didemnum vexillum
Authors: Weinberg Rachel Beth , Clancy Darragh Lillian , Cohen C. Sarah
Published: September 2019

Fusion to form a chimera has been documented in many marine invertebrate taxa, including poriferans, cnidarians, bryozoans, and colonial ascidians. Allogenic interactions in chimeric ascidian colonies vary widely across taxonomic groups but are poorly characterized in the invasive colonial ascidian Didemnum vexillum. The moderate level of discrimination expressed in the fusion–rejection response of D. vexillum suggests that there is some integration of cells beyond the fusion line in a chimeric colony. We tracked the shifts in representation of microsatellite alleles between fused colonies of D. vexillum to elucidate the extent of genotypic integration in fused colonies and the patterns of changes to the genotypic composition of colonies immediately following chimera formation. By genotyping colonies before and after fusion, we found that allogeneic fusion in D. vexillum may lead to genotypic changes beyond the visible fusion line. Alleles from one colony were found in multiple tissue samples in the chimera 7–10 days after fusion had occurred. In some instances, alleles that were in a single colony prior to fusion were lost following fusion. We observed multiple patterns of allelic change, including both the unidirectional transfer and reciprocal exchange of alleles between fused colonies. Our findings suggest that tissue or cells are exchanged following allogeneic fusion between colonies of D. vexillum and that the genotypic composition of chimeric colonies may be fluid.
Manipulation of photoperiod perception advances gonadal growth but not laying date in the great tit
Authors: Salis Lucia , Caro Samuel P. , Hut Roelof A. , Vernooij Louis , Visser Marcel E.
Published: September 2019

In seasonal environments, organisms use biotic and abiotic cues to time various biological processes that are crucial for growth, survival and reproductive success. Photoperiod is the best‐known cue used to regulate gonadal development, migration and moult of many animal species. In birds, the relationship between photoperiod and gonadal development is clearly established, but we have little understanding on whether photoperiod also regulates actual timing of egg laying under natural conditions. Elucidating the link between photoperiod and timing of breeding is however key to understand whether an evolutionary change in sensitivity to photoperiod is a possible mechanism through which organisms could adjust their seasonal timing in response to climate warming. Here, we investigated the causal relationship between photoperiod, gonadal growth and laying date in wild female great tits. We experimentally increased the photoperiod perceived by the birds in spring by clipping head feathers, and we subsequently monitored gonadal development in the lab and egg laying dates in the wild. We show that our manipulation increased the photoperiod perceived by the birds to a level that approximately corresponds to an advancement of ten calendar days. This increase in perceived photoperiod led to an acceleration of gonadal development, but not to an advancement of egg laying dates. Our results indicate that photoperiod sensitivity is not constraining the advancement of laying date under current environmental conditions and suggest that evolution of sensitivity to other supplementary cues is necessary to advance reproduction under global warming.
LINC01303 functions as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate EZH2 expression by sponging miR‐101‐3p in gastric cancer
Authors: Cao Chen , Xu Ying , Du Ke , Mi Chenyang , Yang Chuanhua , Xiang Lili , Xie Yan , Liu Wenneng
Published: September 2019

Long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) is one of the important regulators of many malignancies. However, the biological function and clinical significance of a large number of lncRNAs in gastric cancer remain unclear. Therefore, we analysed the TCGA data to find that LINC01303 is significantly up‐regulated in gastric cancer tissues. However, the biological function of LINC01303 in GC remains unknown. In our study, we found that the expression of LINC01303 was significantly higher in GC tissues than in adjacent tissues by real‐time quantitative PCR. We can significantly inhibit the malignant proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells by silencing LINC01303 expression. In addition, LINC01303 knockdown can also inhibit GC growth in vivo. After the bioinformatics analysis, we found that LINC01303 can be used as a miR‐101‐3p sponge to competitively adsorb miR‐101‐3p with EZH2. Therefore, our results indicate that LINC01303 promotes the expression of EZH2 by inhibiting miR‐101‐3p activity and promotes GC progression. In summary, in this study, we demonstrated for the first time that the LINC01303/miR‐101‐3p/EZH2 axis promotes GC progression.
Critical evaluation of arguments opposing male circumcision: A systematic review
Authors: Morris Brian J , Moreton Stephen , Krieger John N
Published: September 2019

Objective

To systematically evaluate evidence against male circumcision (MC).

Methods

We searched PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE and Cochrane databases.

Results

Database searches retrieved 297 publications for inclusion. Bibliographies of these yielded 101 more. After evaluation we found: Claims that MC carries high risk were contradicted by low frequency of adverse events that were virtually all minor and easily treated with complete resolution. Claims that MC causes psychological harm were contradicted by studies finding no such harm. Claims that MC impairs sexual function and pleasure were contradicted by high‐quality studies finding no adverse effect. Claims disputing the medical benefits of MC were contradicted by a large body of high‐quality evidence indicating protection against a wide range of infections, dermatological conditions, and genital cancers in males and the female sexual partners of men. Risk‐benefit analyses reported that benefits exceed risks by 100‐200 to 1. To maximize benefits and minimize risks, the evidence supported early infant MC rather than arguments that the procedure should be delayed until males are old enough to decide for themselves. Claims that MC of minors is unethical were contradicted by balanced evaluations of ethical issues supporting the rights of children to be provided with low‐risk, high‐benefit interventions such as MC for better health. Expert evaluations of case‐law supported the legality of MC of minors. Other data demonstrated that early infant MC is cost‐saving to health systems.

Conclusions

Arguments opposing MC are supported mostly by low‐quality evidence and opinion, and are contradicted by strong scientific evidence.
Color stability of repairs on bis‐acryl resin submitted to thermal aging and immersion in beverages
Authors: Silva Joseane , Rafael Caroline F. , Vaz Paula C. S. , Fernandes João C. A. S. , Volpato Claudia A. M.
Published: September 2019

Objective

Defects/bubbles can occur during the manufacture of bis‐acryl resin provisional restorations, requiring repair or new prosthesis. This study evaluated the color stability of bis‐acryl resin specimens repaired, aging, and immersioned in beverages.

Material and methods

Eighty disks were made of bis‐acryl resin. Twenty disks were not repaired (BCR), 20 disks were repaired with the same bis‐acryl resin (BCR‐BCR), 20 disks were repaired with flowable resin (BCR‐FR), and 20 disks received an adhesive layer prior to flowable resin repair (BCR‐AFR). Coordinates L*a*b* were obtained. Ten disks from each group were thermocycled (5000 cycles) and the others were immersed in coffee with sugar (n = 5) and cola‐based soft drinks (n = 5) for 7 days. Color, lightness, chroma, and hue differences were calculated by the CIEDE2000 formula, analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance. Multiple comparisons were made with the Tukey's HSD test (α = .05).

Results

BCR‐FR group presented the highest color differences (5.6) between groups repaired (P < .001). BCR‐BCR group showed the smallest color differences (0.9) after aging (P = .003), but the greatest variation between T0 and T1 (about 1 ΔE). BCR‐ARF immersed in coffee showed the greatest color differences (20.6) (P < .001).

Conclusions

Aging and immersion altered the colorimetric behavior of repairs, especially after the use of coffee.

Clinical implications

Repairs are indicated when defects and bubbles are present in the surface of the bis‐acryl resin provisional restorations after its manufacture. However, they may present noticeable color changes, especially when the use of coffee is frequent.
Application of an olfactory system to detect and distinguish bitter chocolates with different percentages of cocoa
Authors: Nouri Behzad , Mohtasebi Seyed Saeid , Jahanbakhshi Ahmad
Published: September 2019

Chocolate is one of the most consumed products in the world. Chocolate is a mixture of roasted cocoa beans and ultrafine particles of sugar (or without containing cocoa butter). The mixture is supplied with different percentages of cocoa in the market. In this research, the ability of an olfactory system is evaluated as a fast, nondestructive, and low‐cost method to detect bitter chocolates with different cocoa percentages. For this purpose, bitter chocolates with three different percentages of cocoa (78, 85, and 96%) were selected for evaluation. Separation rate of electronic nose (E‐nose) dataset obtained 99%, by using principal components analysis method. To assess the classification accuracy of the bitter chocolate samples, linear discriminant analysis, and support vector machine applied. The results showed that both methods were able to classify bitter chocolates of different percentages of cocoa with the highest accuracy of 100%. This research demonstrates the potential of using the olfactory system as a fast, nondestructive, low‐cost, and reliable method for distinguishing and categorizing different cocoa percentages in bitter chocolates with high precision.

Practical applications

Most researches were focused on a specific percentage of cocoa, while there are few reports on the detection of different percentages of cocoa of the same type. In our study, the linear discriminant analysis and support vector machine methods were employed to the distinguishing of various percentages of cocoa of same type (bitter chocolate), and it was observed that both methods achieved the better classification performance, which indicated the feasibility of distinguishing different percentages by E‐nose. It is well‐known that the detection of different cocoa percentages from the same type would take a long time and require developed instrumental laborites with experts, thus it is of great significance to establish a rapid nondestructive detection method for the related study in the field of the cocoa industry.
Land raising as a solution to sea‐level rise: An analysis of coastal flooding on an artificial island in the Maldives
Authors: Brown Sally , Wadey Matthew P. , Nicholls Robert J. , Shareef Ali , Khaleel Zammath , Hinkel Jochen , Lincke Daniel , McCabe Maurice V.
Published: September 2019

The Maldives (land elevation approximately 1 m above mean sea level) is often associated with the threat of rising sea levels. Land scarcity due to population pressure is also a major issue. In the late 1990s a new 1.9km2 1.8 m high artificial island, Hulhumalé was created for urban expansion, including an allowance for sea‐level rise. This paper assesses flood exposure through an extreme water level scenario on Hulhumalé taking into account sea‐level rise and analyses potential adaptation options to extend island life. Results indicate that overtopping is likely to occur with 0.6 ± 0.2 m of sea‐level rise, with more severe, widespread flooding with 0.9 ± 0.2 m of sea‐level rise. If the Paris Agreement goals are met, flooding is not anticipated this century. However, under a non‐mitigation scenario, flooding could occur by the 2090s. Building seawalls 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 m high could delay flooding for 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 m of sea‐level rise, respectively. Land raising has been successful in Hulhumalé in reducing flood risk simultaneous to addressing development needs. Whilst new land claim and raising can be cost‐effective, raising developed land provides greater challenges, such as timeliness with respect to infrastructure design lives or financial costs. Thus the transferability and long‐term benefits of land raising requires further consideration.
Impact of perioperative high mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 expression on long‐term outcomes in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tsujimoto Hironori , Horiguchi Hiroyuki , Takahata Risa , Ono Satoshi , Yaguchi Yoshihisa , Nomura Shinsuke , Ito Nozomi , Harada Manabu , Nagata Hiromi , Ishibashi Yusuke , Kouzu Keita , Tsuchiya Satoshi , Itazaki Yujiro , Fujishima Seiichiro , Kishi Yoji , Ueno Hideki
Published: September 2019

Background and Aim

High mobility group box chromosomal protein‐1 (HMGB‐1) is a potential late mediator of sepsis and a possible risk factor for postoperative pulmonary complications after esophagectomy. This study aimed to determine the relationship between HMGB‐1 and clinicopathological factors and long‐term prognosis after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

Methods

We measured perioperative serum HMGB‐1 levels using ELISA and HMGB‐1 protein by immunohistochemistry expression in resected specimens.

Results

Postoperative serum HMGB‐1 levels were significantly higher than preoperative levels. Preoperative serum HMGB‐1 levels were significantly higher in patients with more intraoperative bleeding, longer intensive care unit stays, and postoperative pneumonia. Postoperative serum HMGB‐1 levels were significantly higher in older patients and those with longer operation time and more intraoperative bleeding. There were significant differences in long‐term outcomes according to postoperative but not preoperative serum HMGB‐1 levels. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that advanced pathological stage, postoperative pulmonary complications, and higher postoperative serum HMGB‐1 levels were independently associated with relapse‐free survival and overall survival. Preoperative serum HMGB‐1 levels were significantly higher in patients with high HMGB‐1 expression than those with low HMGB‐1 expression by immunohistochemistry, whereas such statistical differences were not observed in postoperative serum HMGB‐1. There were no differences in relapse‐free survival and overall survival according to HMGB‐1 expression by immunohistochemistry. Serum HMGB‐1 levels were significantly increased after esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.

Conclusion

Elevated postoperative serum HMGB‐1, which was associated not only with poor long‐term but also short‐term outcomes such as postoperative complications, might serve as a potential marker for prognosis in esophageal cancer.
Sympathetic nerve tissue in milky spots of the human greater omentum
Authors: Cleypool Cindy G. J. , Schurink Bernadette , van der Horst Dorinde E. M. , Bleys Ronald L. A. W.
Published: September 2019

Omental milky spots (OMSs), small lymphoid structures positioned in the greater omentum, are involved in peritoneal immune homeostasis and the formation of omental metastases. Sympathetic nerve activity is known to regulate immune function in other lymphoid organs (e.g. spleen and lymph nodes) and to create a favourable microenvironment for various tumour types. However, it is still unknown whether OMSs receive sympathetic innervation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish whether OMSs of the adult human greater omentum receive sympathetic innervation. A total of 18 OMSs were isolated from five omenta, which were removed from 3% formaldehyde‐perfused cadavers (with a median age of 84 years, ranging from 64 to 94). OMSs were embedded in paraffin, cut and stained with a general (PGP9.5) and sympathetic nerve marker (TH and DBH), and evaluated by bright field microscopy. A T‐cell, B‐cell, and macrophage staining was performed to confirm OMS identity. In 50% of the studied OMSs, sympathetic nerve fibres were observed at multiple levels of the same OMS. Nerve fibres were represented as dots or elongated structures and often observed in relation to small vessels and occasionally as individual structures residing between lymphoid cells. The current study shows that 50% of the investigated OMSs contain sympathetic nerve fibres. These findings may contribute to our understanding of neural regulation of peritoneal immune response and the involvement of OMSs in omental metastases.
The relative effects of prey availability, anthropogenic pressure and environmental variables on lion (Panthera leo) site use in Tanzania's Ruaha landscape during the dry season
Authors: Abade L. , Cusack J. , Moll R. J. , Strampelli P. , Dickman A. J. , Macdonald D. W. , Montgomery R. A.
Published: September 2019

African lion (Panthera leo) populations have been reduced by almost half in the past two decades, with national parks and game reserves maintaining vital source populations, particularly in East Africa. However, much of the habitats necessary to support lion populations occur in unprotected lands surrounding protected areas. There is an ongoing need for understanding the ecological determinants of lion occurrence in these unprotected habitats, where lions are most vulnerable to extinction. This study evaluated variations in lion site use along a gradient of anthropogenic pressure encompassing the Ruaha National Park, Pawaga‐Idodi Wildlife Management Area (WMA) and unprotected village lands via camera‐trapping. We collected lion occurrence data in the dry seasons of 2014 and 2015, and modelled lion site use as a function of environmental and anthropogenic variables under a Bayesian framework. We recorded 143 lion detections within the national park, 14 in the WMA and no detections in village lands. This result does not imply that lions never use the village lands, but rather that we did not detect them in our surveys during the dry season. Our findings suggest that lion site use was primarily associated with high seasonal wild prey biomass in protected areas. Thus, we infer that human‐induced prey depletion and lion mortality are compromising lion site use of village lands. Seasonal prey movements, and a corresponding concentration inside the park during sampling, could also play an important role in lion site use. These findings reinforce the need to secure large‐bodied prey base to conserve lions, and the importance of protected areas as key refugia for the species.
Rapid behavioural responses of native frogs caused by past predation pressure from invasive mongooses
Authors: Komine H. , Fukasawa K. , Akasaka M. , Watari Y. , Iwai N. , Kaji K.
Published: September 2019

Invasive predators not only cause native prey populations to decline but can also induce evolutionary changes in their behaviour in a short time scale. However, few studies have reported these rapid responses. This could be because strong predation pressure by invasive species often causes the extinction of native prey before an evolutionary effect can be detected. Recently, eradication projects successfully removed invasive predators and resulted in the recovery of native prey. We predicted that rapid responses can be detected by evaluating the behavioural traits of native prey populations having different histories of predator invasion. We examined the behavioural responses of a native frog, the Amami tip‐nosed frog (Odorrana amamiensis), to an invasive mongoose (Herpestes auropunctatus) on Amami Island, Japan. The native frog population was reduced by the mongoose; however, the eradication project leads to the recovery of the native frog population, thereby providing an opportunity to evaluate the evolutionary impact of the invasive species. We hypothesized that spatial differences in flight initiation distance (FID) can be explained by spatial patterns of past mongoose predation pressure. We used a spatial model based on generalized least squares regression methods to test the effects of potential factors on FID. We then performed model comparison and model averaging. We found that the native frog became more sensitive to the approach of a potential predator as the historical impact of the mongoose increased, suggesting that past strong predation pressure by the mongoose drove a rapid behavioural response in the native frog. Our study suggests that rapid behavioural responses of other native species can be detected not only after successful eradication projects, but also on currently invaded sites with different invasion histories.
Bargaining Agenda in a Unionized Bilateral Monopoly
Authors: Fanti Luciano , Buccella Domenico
Published: September 2019

The endogenous choice of the bargaining agenda between the two alternatives of Right‐to‐Manage (RTM, i.e., only wages are negotiated) and Efficient Bargaining (EB, i.e., both wages and employment are negotiated) is examined in a vertically integrated unionized bilateral monopoly with firm‐specific negotiations. Although the RTM agenda emerges as the unique subgame perfect equilibrium choice, a joint commitment to EB agendas leads both bilateral monopolists to gain higher profits, provided that the union bargaining power is adequately weak. This result is in sharp contrast to previous findings that the RTM typically secures higher profits to a single unionized monopolist.
Enterocolic increase of cannabinoid receptor type 1 and type 2 and clinical improvement after probiotic administration in dogs with chronic signs of colonic dysmotility without mucosal inflammatory changes
Authors: Rossi Giacomo , Gioacchini Giorgia , Pengo Graziano , Suchodolski Jan S. , Jergens Albert E. , Allenspach Karin , Gavazza Alessandra , Scarpona Silvia , Berardi Sara , Galosi Livio , Bassotti Gabrio , Cerquetella Matteo
Published: September 2019

Background

Colonic dysmotility in dogs can cause different GI signs. Sometimes, histology of enterocolic biopsies does not reveal inflammatory infiltrates or mucosal lesions that are typically associated with clinical disease activity. It is speculated that, similarly to humans, colonic dysmotility may be anxiety‐based, although recent data demonstrate that irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) could result from acute infectious enteritis. SpecificLactobacillusspp. strains administered orally in humans induced the expression of μ‐opioid and cannabinoid receptors in mucosal enterocytes, modulating intestinal morphine‐like analgesic functions. We investigated the potential association of GI signs caused by colonic dysmotility and mucosal expression of cannabinoid receptors in intestinal epithelial cells and the number of mucosal mast cells.

Methods

Ten to 15 endoscopic biopsies were collected from colonic mucosa of 20 dogs diagnosed with dysmotility disturbances before and after probiotic (Slab51 bacterial blend; Sivoy®) administration (3‐month period). Number and distribution of mast cells (MCs), and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and PCR. Results were compared to data obtained from five clinically healthy dogs (archive samples).

Key results

Decreased numbers of MCs (P < .0001) and increased CB1‐ and CB2‐positive epithelial cells (P < .0001) in diseased dogs were positively associated with post‐treatment CCECAI scores (P < .0001).

Conclusions and inferences

Our results suggest that probiotic administration can reduce signs of colonic dysmotility, possibly due to microbiota modulation and epithelial cell receptor–mediated signaling in intestinal mucosa.
Activation of BDNF/TrkB/Akt pathway is associated with aggressiveness and unfavorable survival in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Moraes Juliana Kern de , Wagner Vivian Petersen , Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Amaral‐Silva Gleyson Kleber do , de Farias Caroline Brunetto , Pilar Emily Ferreira Salles , Gregianin Lauro , Roesler Rafael , Vargas Pablo Agustin , Martins Manoela Domingues
Published: September 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), and two downstream targets of this pathway, Akt and ribosomal protein S6 (RPS6), in normal oral mucosa (NOM), oral leukoplakia (OL), and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and correlate this expression with OSCC patients’ outcomes, cell senescence, and “stemness” profile.

Materials and Methods

Ten cases of NOM, 32 OL, and 72 primary OSCC were included. Immunohistochemical analysis for BDNF, TrkB, p‐TrkB, p‐Akt, and p‐RPS6 was performed. Cell senescence and stemness profile of OSCC were evaluated through p16 and BMI‐1 immunohistochemical expression, respectively. The slides were scanned into high‐resolution images and quantified through digital analysis.

Results

Oral squamous cell carcinoma presented increased expression of BDNF/TrkB/Akt pathway compared to NOM and OL. OSCC diagnosed in advanced clinical stages presented an upregulation of BDNF and p‐TrkB. BDNF and p‐Akt were identified as predictors of poor disease‐specific survival. The increase in stemness profile was correlated with a decrease in p‐TrkB and p‐Akt expression.

Conclusions

BDNF/TrkB/Akt pathway is significantly increased in malignant cells from OSCC. Moreover, BDNF and Akt represent biomarkers capable to predict a poor prognosis of OSCC patients.
Live vaccines after pediatric solid organ transplant: Proceedings of a consensus meeting, 2018
Authors: Suresh Sneha , Upton Julia , Green Michael , Pham‐Huy Anne , Posfay‐Barbe Klara M. , Michaels Marian G. , Top Karina A. , Avitzur Yaron , Burton Catherine , Chong Pearlie P. , Danziger‐Isakov Lara , Dipchand Anne I. , Hébert Diane , Kumar Deepali , Morris Shaun K. , Nalli Nadya , Ng Vicky Lee , Nicholas Sarah Kogan , Robinson Joan L. , Solomon Melinda , Tapiero Bruce , Verma Anita , Walter Jolan E. , Allen Upton D.
Published: September 2019

Growing evidence suggests receipt of live‐attenuated viral vaccines after solid organ transplant (SOT) has occurred and is safe and needed due to lapses in herd immunity. A 2‐day consortium of experts in infectious diseases, transplantation, vaccinology, and immunology was held with the objective to review evidence and create expert recommendations for clinicians when considering live viral vaccines post‐SOT. For consideration of VV and MMR post‐transplant, evidence exists only for kidney and liver transplant recipients. For MMR vaccine post‐SOT, consider vaccination during outbreak or travel to endemic risk areas. Patients who have received antiproliferative agents (eg. mycophenolate mofetil), T cell–depleting agents, or rituximab; or have persistently elevated EBV viral loads, or are in a state of functional tolerance, should be vaccinated with caution and have a more in‐depth evaluation to define benefit of vaccination and net state of immune suppression prior to considering vaccination. MMR and/or VV (not combined MMRV) is considered to be safe in patients who are clinically well, are greater than 1 year after liver or kidney transplant and 2 months after acute rejection episode, can be closely monitored, and meet specific criteria of “low‐level” immune suppression as defined in the document.
The Political Imperative of Color: Stalin, Disney, and the Soviet Pursuit of Color Film, 1931–45
Authors: CAVENDISH PHILIP
Published: September 2019

This article examines the Soviet Union's attempt to acquire the technology of color film during the 1930s and early 1940s. It draws attention to the personal interest of Joseph Stalin in the acquisition of color film as part of the discourse of “cultured consumerism” that emerged following his speech to the first All‐Union Congress of Stakhanovites in November 1935. It analyses the research and development of color‐film technology in the early 1930s, the significance of the Disney Technicolor cartoons shown at the 1935 Moscow International Film Festival, the attempts to master a three‐color technology in the second half of the 1930s, and the relative failure of this initiative, which led to denunciations, arrests, and executions as part of the purges of 1937 and 1938. The article argues that color film was treated as a “consumer good” which offered diversity, product enhancement, and entertainment, but more importantly as an ideological weapon which could demonstrate the Soviet Union's ability to compete with Europe and North America in terms of technological progress. There has been growing interest in this phenomenon recently among Russian film historians, and some of the color films of the 1930s currently preserved in the Russian Film State Archive have been digitally restored and exhibited. However, the existing scholarship, which is still relatively meagre, has neglected to consider the political imperatives that gave rise to the phenomenon, or assessed the degree to which the production and distribution of color films during this period can be regarded as successful. Drawing upon archival documents and contemporary press reports, the article aims to make an important contribution to the existing political and cultural histories of the Soviet Union post‐1935. It discusses and analyses a number of color films on political subjects commissioned during the 1930s and released on politically significant dates. In particular, it draws attention to the importance of documentary newsreels in color which show the Physical Culture parades, and assesses their significance as historical documents which attest to the emerging color discourses of the Stalinist 1930s.
The Soviet Writer Konstantin Vaginov: From Poetics to Subjectivity
Authors: FALIKOVA NATALIA , USPENSKIJ PAVEL
Published: September 2019

This article examines the prose of Konstantin Vaginov (1899–1934) through the prism of the theory of Soviet subjectivity. It analyzes four of Vaginov's novels (Goat Song, Works and Days of Svistonov, Bambocciada, and Harpagoniana) as examples of discursive praxis in the context of the creation of the “new Soviet person.” In each novel, Vaginov combines elements of both modernist and Soviet literature, but the authorial position invariably remains contradictory. This allows us to draw conclusions about the paradoxical evolution of the writer's own subjectivity, while bringing into sharp relief one of the more “successful” examples of the formation of the Soviet “I” in the late 1920s and early 1930s.
A Swirl Cooling Flow Experimental Investigation on a Circular Chamber Using Three-Dimensional Stereo-Particle Imaging Velocimetry
Authors: Galeana Daisy , Beyene Asfaw
Published: September 2019

An experimental investigation is presented using three-dimensional (3-D) stereo-particle image velocimetry (stereo-PIV) of a swirl flow that models a gas turbine blade internal cooling configuration. The study is intended to provide an evaluation of the developments of the swirl cooling flow methodology utilizing the 3-D stereo-PIV. The objective is to determine the critical swirl number that has the potential to deliver the maximum axial velocity results. The swirl cooling flow methodology comprises cooling air channeling through the blade’s internal passages lowering the temperature; therefore, the experimental circular chamber is made of acrylic allowing detailed measurements and includes seven discrete tangential jets designed to create the swirl flow. An oil particle seeder (LAVision) is used to provide the particles for velocity measurements while the clear acrylic chamber allows visualization of the flow phenomena. The post-processed data are completed using davis, velocity calculations are conducted in matlab, and techplot is used for data visualization. The focus of this investigation is on the continuous swirl flow that must be sustained via continuous injection of tangential flow at three different Reynolds number, 7000, 14,000, and 21,000, where the swirl flow is generated with seven inlets. Important variations in the swirl number are present near the air inlets and decreases with downstream distance as predicted, since the second half of the chamber has no more inlets. The axial velocity reaches the maximum downstream in the second half of the chamber. The circumferential velocity decreases the downstream distance and reaches the highest toward the center of the chamber.
Conditional Reliability Analysis of a Semi-Submersible Mooring Line With Random Hydrodynamic Coefficients
Authors: Xu Sheng , Teixeira A. P. , Guedes Soares C.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, a detailed procedure to study the mooring line conditional strength reliability of a semi-submersible platform in a 100-year sea state is presented. A fully coupled analysis is conducted to calculate the mooring line tension of a deepwater semi-submersible floating system operated in the 100-year wave condition in South China Sea. 3-h extreme mooring line tensions are estimated by the average conditional exceedance rate (ACER) method from the data obtained by 10 and 20 min fully coupled dynamic simulations, and the results are validated by the global maximum method. A kriging metamodel is trained to predict the 3-h mooring line extreme tension taking into account the effect of random hydrodynamic drag coefficients. The hydrodynamic sampling points are generated by Latin hypercube sampling technique. A reliability analysis is carried out by Monte Carlo simulation considering the random hydrodynamic drag coefficients and mooring line breaking strength.
A land of milk and honey? Making sense of Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Pitt Lesley
Published: September 2019

Book review.
Teachers’ experiences of student feedback: A view from a department of social work in Sweden
Authors: Wallengren Lynch Michael
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION: Course evaluations play a significant part in the facilitating of educational programmes at a university. Along with course evaluations, students are often asked for their reflections on teachers’ pedagogical methods and approaches. These types of questions canbe referred to as student evaluations of teaching, or SETs. Separately, there is growing, yet underdeveloped, interest in understanding the emotional impact the role of being a university lecturer has on the individual teacher. This piece of work is interested in combining the areasof teacher development, SET and emotional impact. Therefore, this research is seeking to understand how teachers in a department of social work engage with student feedback, manage this feedback and understand pedagogical self-development.METHODS: A mixed approach (an online survey and semi-structured interviews), was taken to gather the experiences of the teachers.FINDINGS: The results show that all the teachers engaged with student feedback. It also showed that some teachers experienced negative emotions regarding feedback that were unpleasant but had strategies to deal with the feedback.CONCLUSION: The results also pointed towards individual-directed solutions as the drivers behind creating good practices around pedagogical self-development, and for managing any emotional impact of SETs.
Insertion loss of asymmetrical balconies on a building façade
Authors: Tang S. K. , Ho C. Y. , Chan W. Y.
Published: September 2019

The acoustical insertion loss of asymmetrical balconies on high-rise buildings was studied experimentally using a 1:3 scaled down model in the present study. Four balcony forms featured by the presence of a full-height side-wall were included. A linear loudspeaker array was adopted as the sound source. The effects of source orientation and balcony elevation angle on the insertion loss and its spectral variation were examined. The position of the full-height side-wall relative to the sound source significantly affects the balcony insertion loss. It is observed that the maximum traffic noise amplification and attenuation are both ∼6 dBA. Results also suggest that the balustrade has no effect on the insertion loss spectral variation pattern, though the insertion loss magnitude could be much reduced without it in the presence of a short side-wall. This short side-wall determines the insertion loss spectral variation pattern. Significant sound amplification is found at frequencies of the odd order transverse modes, the longitudinal modes, and their coupled modes regardless of balcony form and elevation angle. It is also found that the major acoustic mode interactions are basically independent of source orientation for balconies without the short side-wall.
The Formaldehyde Dehydrogenase SsFdh1 Is Regulated by and Functionally Cooperates with the GATA Transcription Factor SsNsd1 in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Zhu Genglin , Yu Gang , Zhang Xianghui , Liu Jinliang , Zhang Yanhua , Rollins Jeffrey A. , Li Jingtao , Pan Hongyu
Published: September 2019

S. sclerotiorum
is a pathogenic fungus with sclerotium and infection cushion development, making
S. sclerotiorum
one of the most challenging agricultural pathogens with no effective control method. We identified important sclerotium and compound appressorium formation determinants, SsNsd1 and SsFdh1, and investigated their regulatory mechanism at the molecular level. SsNsd1 and SsFdh1 are zinc finger motif-containing proteins and associate with each other in the nucleus. On other hand, SsNsd1, as a GATA transcription factor, directly binds to GATA-box DNA in the promoter region of
Ssfdh1
. The SsNsd1-SsFdh1 interaction and nuclear translocation were found to prevent efficient binding of SsNsd1 to GATA-box DNA. Our results provide insights into the role of the GATA transcription factor and its regulation of formaldehyde dehydrogenase in stress resistance, fungal sclerotium and compound appressorium development, and pathogenicity.
Prokaryotic Diversity in Mangrove Sediments across Southeastern China Fundamentally Differs from That in Other Biomes
Authors: Zhang Cui-Jing , Pan Jie , Duan Chang-Hai , Wang Yong-Ming , Liu Yang , Sun Jian , Zhou Hai-Chao , Song Xin , Li Meng
Published: September 2019

Understanding the underlying mechanisms of microbial community assembly patterns is a vital issue in microbial ecology. Mangroves, as an important and special ecosystem, provide a unique environment for examining the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes. We made the first global-scale comparison and found that microbial diversity was significantly different in mangrove sediments compared to that of other biomes. Furthermore, our results suggest that a deterministic process is more important in shaping microbial community assembly in mangroves.
‘Mind the gaps’: the accessibility and implementation of an effective depression relapse prevention programme in UK NHS services: learning from mindfulness-based cognitive therapy through a mixed-methods study
Authors: Rycroft-Malone Jo , Gradinger Felix , Owen Griffiths Heledd , Anderson Rob , Crane Rebecca Susan , Gibson Andy , Mercer Stewart W , Kuyken Willem
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is an evidence-based approach for people at risk of depressive relapse to support their long-term recovery. However, despite its inclusion in guidelines, there is an ‘implementation cliff’. The study objective was to develop a better explanation of what facilitates MBCT implementation.

Setting

UK primary and secondary care mental health services.

Design, participants and methods

A national two-phase, multi-method qualitative study was conducted, which was conceptually underpinned by the Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework. Phase I involved interviews with stakeholders from 40 service providers about current provision of MBCT. Phase II involved 10 purposively sampled case studies to obtain a more detailed understanding of MBCT implementation. Data were analysed using adapted framework analysis, refined through stakeholder consultation.

Results

Access to MBCT is variable across the UK services. Where available, services have adapted MBCT to fit their context by integrating it into their care pathways. Evidence was often important to implementation but took different forms: the NICE depression guideline, audits, evaluations, first person accounts, experiential taster sessions and pilots. These were used to build a platform from which to develop MBCT services. The most important aspect of facilitation was the central role of the MBCT implementers. These were generally self-designated individuals who ‘championed’ grass-roots implementation. Our explanatory framework mapped out a prototypical implementation journey, often over many years with a balance of bottom-up and top-down factors influencing the fit of MBCT into service pathways. ‘Pivot points’ in the implementation journey provided windows of either challenge or opportunity.

Conclusions

This is one of the largest systematic studies of the implementation of a psychological therapy. While access to MBCT across the UK is improving, it remains patchy. The resultant explanatory framework about MBCT implementation provides a heuristic that informed an implementation resource.
Iron stores in pregnant women with sickle cell disease: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aroke Desmond , Momo Kadia Benjamin , Njim Tsi
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common inherited disease worldwide. The greatest disease burden is seen in sub-Saharan Africa. Early diagnosis and improved care of people living with SCD have led to an increase in the number of women with SCD reaching the reproductive age. Iron deficiency anaemia remains the most common cause of anaemia in pregnancy, affecting 51%–63% of pregnancies in Africa. However, the unavailability of guidelines on supplementation of iron in this pregnant subpopulation often leaves clinicians in a fix. We propose to conduct the first systematic review and possibly a meta-analysis on the prevalence, associated factors and maternal/fetal outcomes of iron deficiency anaemia among pregnant women with SCD.

Methods and analysis

We will search the following electronic databases for studies on the iron status of pregnant women with SCD: PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, African Journals Online, African Index Medicus, Popline and the Cochrane Library. After the selection of eligible studies from the search output, review of full text, data extraction and data synthesis will be performed. Studies obtained from the review shall be evaluated for quality, risk of bias and heterogeneity. Appropriate statistical methods shall be used to pool prevalence estimates for matching studies globally and in subpopulations. This protocol has been reported as per the 2015 guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols.

Ethics and dissemination

There is no requirement for ethical approval as the proposed study will use published data. The findings of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will be presented at conferences.

Trial registration number

CRD42018109803.