bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Silicon/Paraffin Treatment on Dimensional Stability of Red Oak, Douglas-Fir, and Ponderosa Pine
Authors: Love Connie S. , Morrell Jeffrey J.
Published: March 2014

Red oak, Douglas-fir, and ponderosa pine lumber was treated with a silicon/paraffinic system to assess the ability of the treatment to limit dimensional changes and moisture uptake during changes in temperature or relative humidity. The treatment initially had little effect on either property, but the magnitude of weight gain and dimensional changes tended to decline with repeated moisture cycles. The results suggest that the silicon/paraffin treatment had the potential to limit vapor moisture sorption and could reduce the potential for wood to deform with repeated moisture cycles.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of new aryliminothiazolylidene- 2-thiazolidin-4-ones and their azarhodacyanines analogues
Authors: Kasmi-Mir Souad , Zradni Fatima-Zohra , Rahmouni Mustapha , Kirsch Gilbert
Published: March 2014

Â We here report an efficient microwave-assisted protocol for the synthesis of new arylimino-thiazolylidene-2-thiazolidin-4-ones 6 and their azarhodacyanines derivatives 7 with quantitative yield from 2'-(methylthio)-4'-oxo-3H,4'H-[2,5-bithiazolylidene]-3'-ium tosylates 5 and 2-arylimino-5-(thiazol-2(3H)-ylidene) thiazolidin-4-ones 6, respectively, using as starting material the 4-thiazoline-2-thiones 1 and 3-methyl-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one 3. The transformation of the tosylate salts 5 into their arylimino derivatives 6 has not been reported to date.
Elaborating the AAIDD Public Policy Framework
Authors: Turnbull Rud , Stowe Matthew J.
Published: March 2014

The AAIDD's 11th edition of Intellectual Disability: Definition, Classification, and Systems of Support describes a framework for understanding the relationship between public policy and practice. The framework incorporates three inputs into public policy and practice affecting quality-of-life outcomes for individuals and families, society, and systems. The inputs are social factors, the core concepts of disability policy, and changing conceptualizations of disability. We accept the framework's basic premises, but we propose amendments to make the framework more useful for its stated purposes of elaborating on the “context” (Schalock et al., 2010, p. 17) that affects people with intellectual disability and “promot[ing] changes in public policy that will lead to the achievement of desired policy outcomes” (Schalock et al., 2010, p. 171).
Relating Stress of Mothers of Children With Developmental Disabilities to Family–School Partnerships
Authors: Burke Meghan M. , Hodapp Robert M.
Published: March 2014

Although mothers of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) experience high levels of stress and schools constitute an important resource, the relation remains unknown between maternal stress and educational services. Responding to a national, web-based survey, 965 mothers of students with disabilities completed a 163-item questionnaire about parent stress. We examined which child, parent, and parent–school characteristics correlated with maternal stress. Mothers with lower stress levels reported better parent–school relationships and low levels of parent advocacy. However, lower stress levels were predominantly shown by mothers with good-to-excellent parent–school relationships (vs. poor-to-fair partnerships) and who engaged in virtually no (vs. any) advocacy activities. Lower maternal stress levels were also noted when children had fewer behavior problems, Down syndrome, and did not have autism. Less stress was also reported by mothers who had not enacted procedural safeguards, were minorities, and rated themselves lower on neuroticism and were more extroverted, dependable, and open to new experiences. This study has important implications for practitioners and researchers.
AUTOMATIC BIOMASS BOILER WITH AN EXTERNAL THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
Authors: Brázdil Marian , Šnajdárek Ladislav , Kracík Petr , Pospíšil Jirí
Published: March 2014

This paper presents the design and test results of an external thermoelectric generator that utilizes the waste heat from a small-scale domestic biomass boiler with nominal rated heat output of 25 kW. The low-temperature Bi2Te3 generator based on thermoelectric modules has the potential to recover waste heat from gas combustion products as effective energy. The small-scale generator is constructed from independent segments. Measurements have shown that up to 11 W of electricity can be generated by one segment. Higher output power can be achieved by linking thermoelectric segments. The maximum output power is given by the dew point of the flue gas. The electrical energy that is generated can be used, e.g., for power supply or for charging batteries. In the near future, thermoelectric generators could completely eliminate the dependence an automated domestic boiler system on the power supply from the electricity grid, and could ensure comfortable operation in the event of an unexpected power grid failure.
THE EFFECT OF ADDING HYDROGEN ON THE PERFORMANCE AND THE CYCLIC VARIABILITY OF A SPARK IGNITION ENGINE POWERED BY NATURAL GAS
Authors: Chríbik Andrej , Polóni Marián , Lach Ján , Ragan Branislav
Published: March 2014

This paper deals with the influence of blending hydrogen (from 0 to 50% vol.) on the parameters and the cyclic variability of a Lombardini LGW702 combustion engine powered by natural gas. The experimental measurements were carried out at various air excess ratios and at various angles of spark advance, at an operating speed of 1500 min−1. An analysis of the combustion pressure showed that as the proportion of hydrogen in the mixture increases, the maximum pressure value also increases. However, at the same time the cyclic variability decreases. Both the ignition-delay period and the period of combustion of the mixture become shorter, which requires optimization of the spark advance angle for various proportions of hydrogen in the fuel. The increasing proportion of hydrogen extends the flammability limit to the area of lean-burn mixtures and, at the same time, the coefficient of cyclic variability of the mean indicated pressure decreases.
SIZE ANALYSIS OF SOLID PARTICLES AT THE EXPERIMENTAL DEVICE FOR MULTI-STAGE BIOMASS COMBUSTION
Authors: Hrnčířová Michaela , Špiláček Michal , Pospíšil Jiří
Published: March 2014

This paper presents the results of an analysis of ash content particles produced in biomass combustion at an experimental device. The main parts of the device are: the water heater, the gasifying chamber, the air preheater, and the fuel feeder. This device can be modified for combustion in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere. Sawdust and wood chips were used as fuel, and were laid loosely into the device. Ash specimens were extracted from various parts of the device. For the measurements themselves, we used the Analysette 22 MicroTec Plus universal laser diffraction device manufactured by the Fritch Company, in the size range from 0.08 μm to 2000 μm. The device utilizes laser diffraction for particle size analysis.
STABILIZATION TIME AS AN IMPORTANT PARAMETER AFTER DENSIFICATION OF SOLID BIOFUELS
Authors: Križan Peter , Matúš Miloš , Beniak Juraj , Kováčová Monika
Published: March 2014

The aim of this paper is to present some preliminary results from experimental research on the densification process of solid high-grade biofuels. The findings presented in this paper contribute to an investigation of the stabilization time, which is an important parameter in the densification process. During the densification process, various parameters are present in the pressing chamber of the machine, and each of these parameters influences the stabilization time of the briquette. This time (procedure) is very important, because the briquette can change in dimensions and in weight throughout the stabilization process, and this can reflect negatively on the resulting briquette. This paper presents some important effects which impact the stabilization time, and obtains relationships between these effects and their influence on densification.
Gestão da inovação e avaliação de desempenho: processo estruturado de revisão da literatura
Authors: Dienstmann Julieta Scheidt , Lacerda Rogério Tadeu de Oliveira , Ensslin Leonardo , Ensslin Sandra Rolim
Published: March 2014

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um processo para construção do conhecimento demandado por pesquisadores na fase inicial de seus trabalhos sobre gestão da inovação. A fim de atender a essa necessidade, foi adotado o processo ProKnow-C (Knowledge Development Process - Constructivist), que se propõe à construção do conhecimento no pesquisador considerando as suas percepções sobre o tema, bem como o reconhecimento cientifico dos artigos analisados. O conhecimento gerado no pesquisador se constitui, para esse trabalho, em saber quais são os principais periódicos, artigos, autores e palavras-chave associados a 15 artigos com reconhecimento científico e alinhados com a percepção do pesquisador sobre gestão da inovação, sob o enfoque de seus resultados. Através desta aplicação, o processo ProKnow-C é apresentado demonstrando como pode ser utilizado por pesquisadores para atender a suas demandas iniciais de construção de conhecimento sobre gestão da inovação e pretende instigar trabalhos futuros em se basear em processos estruturados para a busca de referencial teórico nesse campo de conhecimento.
Os esforços de inovação e sua relação com alguns indicadores de desempenho do negócio
Authors: Lazzari Fernanda , Bampi Rodrigo Eduardo , Milan Gabriel Sperandio
Published: March 2014

Os recursos disponíveis nas empresas, uma vez que sejam capazes de gerar valor, poderão promover uma vantagem comparativa da mesma em relação aos concorrentes, as quais se desenvolverão, em nível macro, por meio da qualidade superior, eficiência e eficácia e de inovações; e, em nível micro, com base em um desempenho financeiro superior. O estudo, a partir da adoção de técnicas de análises quantitativas (estatística descritiva e análise de regressão linear múltipla), observou, sob a perspectiva da Teoria da Vantagem Comparativa, que os esforços de inovação realizados pelas empresas brasileiras de capital aberto estão alinhados com uma performance superior das mesmas. Os resultados mostram que os indicadores de desempenho financeiro ROE e ROA apresentaram diferença significativa entre os grupos de empresas “Inovadoras” e “Sem Inovação.
Transferência e auditoria tecnológica no processo de determinação de estratégias tecnológicas: estudo de caso
Authors: Back Luani , Kovaleski João Luiz , Andrade Junior Pedro Paulo de
Published: March 2014

Este artigo descreve como a auditoria tecnológica e as transferências de tecnologia contribuem para traçar as estratégias tecnológicas a serem adotadas pelas indústrias moveleiras do oeste do Paraná. A pesquisa iniciou através de levantamento bibliográfico e, em seguida, utilizou-se a abordagem qualitativa para conduzir a investigação. O universo da pesquisa é constituído por indústrias moveleiras paranaenses, nas quais se realizou um estudo multicaso. Utilizou-se a entrevista como instrumento para a coleta de dados e a interpretação ocorreu por intermédio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Constatou-se que as empresas estudadas utilizam a transferência de tecnologia como estratégia tecnológica para garantir competitividade, através da aquisição de tecnologias e de todas as atividades em torno. Para identificar as tecnologias existentes na indústria e sua eficiência, os gestores não fazem uso da auditoria tecnológica e, sim, analisam o processo e identificam os gargalos e as possibilidades de melhoria. Esta maneira de identificar as tecnologias, apesar de atingir os objetivos da empresa, não atinge os resultados de uma auditoria tecnológica. Isso acontece por que a auditoria examina, simultaneamente, o ambiente externo e interno da empresa e identifica a relação de recursos humanos para o desempenho da empresa.
Uma análise do sistema de gestão wms: um estudo multicaso em empresas desenvolvedoras e usuárias
Authors: Soriano Felipe Furlan , Salgado Junior Alexandre Pereira
Published: March 2014

É crescente o número de empresas que utilizam o WMS na operação de armazenagem, entretanto, boa parte das organizações que adotam este sistema tem dificuldades no processo de implantação ou em usufruir plenamente dos seus recursos. Neste contexto, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar o sistema WMS, identificando as principais barreiras inerentes ao seu processo de implantação, os benefícios e as funcionalidades atualmente oferecidos ao mercado, bem como as tendências para o aprimoramento da ferramenta. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método de estudo multicaso que abordou duas empresas desenvolvedoras do software e de três organizações usuárias e, a partir da análise de conteúdo das informações provenientes da revisão de literatura, das entrevistas semiestruturadas e da análise documental realizadas, foi possível identificar como principais dificuldades no processo de implantação do sistema as falhas no cadastro de produtos e endereços, o mapeamento dos processos logísticos, o treinamento de pessoal e a mudança cultural de trabalho. Quanto aos benefícios do sistema, salienta-se o melhor controle operacional e o incremento da acuracidade de estoque. Por fim, identificou-se que as tendências para o desenvolvimento da ferramenta envolvem a vinculação do sistema a tablets e smartphones, integração com a tecnologia RFID e geração de relatórios customizados.
Dimensionamento do estoque de derivados de sangue em um hemocentro do Brasil baseado em um modelo de gestão de estoques e previsão de demanda
Authors: Gurgel Julia Lorena Marques , Carmo Breno Barros Telles do
Published: March 2014

O gerenciamento dos estoques dos produtos oriundos do processamento do sangue coletado nos hemocentros é um problema para os serviços de saúde do Brasil e do mundo. Dimensionar os estoques destes produtos de forma a equalizar a demanda e oferta não é uma tarefa simples. É necessário assegurar que o produto esteja disponível quando for preciso e em tempo hábil. Contudo, não se pode superdimensionar estes estoques dado que o produto é perecível e que a disponibilidade da matéria prima (sangue) para o processamento não é abundante. Existem poucos estudos no Brasil, entretanto, que discutem essa questão. Este estudo focará um hemocentro brasileiro, que tem enfrentado o desafio de dimensionar a demanda pelos produtos hemoterápicos e estabelecer parâmetros de controle de seus estoques. O objetivo desta pesquisa é adaptar um estudo recente realizado fora do país, sobre dimensionamento de estoques de um inventário para bancos de sangue, aliado a um modelo de previsão de demanda por hemocomponentes subclassificados em tipo sanguíneo. Esse controle visa aumentar a disponibilidade do serviço de hemoterapia, à medida que pretende diminuir a escassez e o desperdício do sangue coletado. Dessa forma, observou-se que o modelo de gestão de estoques se adequou a alguns casos.
Avaliação dos riscos do trabalho em altura na construção civil
Authors: Lana Letice Dalla , De Quadros Juliane do Nascimento , Weise Andreas Dittmar , Reis Ricardo Pippi , Da Rosa Leandro Cantorski , Buligon Sandra Medianeira
Published: March 2014

A construção civil apresenta dados alarmantes em se tratando dos riscos que seus trabalhadores estão submetidos. Riscos maiores ainda apresentam os trabalhos realizados em altura, onde a queda é o maior fator causal de acidentes fatais. Dessa forma as gestões, das empresas responsáveis procuram minimizar esses riscos e para isso tem a seu favor técnicas de avaliação dos riscos operacionais. Nesse artigo, são abordadas três dessas técnicas, a Análise Preliminar de Riscos (APR), Análise da Árvore de Falhas (AAF) e a Técnica de Incidentes Críticos (TIC). O objetivo é determinar qual delas é mais eficiente na avaliação dos riscos de trabalhos em altura na construção civil. A Metodologia usada foi o estudo de caso de três obras em três diferentes construtoras de Santa Maria, RS. Para uma melhor compreensão do fenômeno sugere-se que as técnicas sejam utilizadas em conjunto, porém a TIC propiciou uma melhor análise qualitativa dos incidentes e a APR contribuiu no sentido de já estabelecer os efeitos possíveis que cada risco pode apresentar.
A “PSICOLOGIA PEDAGÓGICA” DE VIGOTSKI – CONSIDERAÇÕES INTRODUTÓRIAS
Authors: Toassa Gisele
Published: March 2014

Este texto consiste em relato parcial de estudo teórico da “Psicologia Pedagógica” de L. S. Vigotski, em tradução brasileira da ARTMED e no original em russo, mediada pelo debate de comentadores como G. Blanck, S. M. S. Barroco, M. G. D. Facci, M. G. Danilchenko, R. Van Der Veer e J. Valsiner. Dissertará sobre os objetivos da obra “Psicologia Pedagógica”, as influências presentes no texto (focando especialmente P. P. Blonski e L. Trotski), e, principalmente, sobre a contextualização histórica na qual ele se escreveu, acabando por ser marcado pela imaturidade teórica, ecletismo e problemas de composição – algo decorrentes do seu caráter de compêndio e da crise que atravessava a psicologia nos anos 1920. Analisa-se a tese de que se trata de um texto escolanovista a partir de breve exposição das relações dos pedagogos soviéticos com o plano Dalton e a pedagogia dos projetos. Concluiu-se que a preocupação de Vigotski – bastante subestimada por seus comentadores – com a liberdade, a atividade própria do aprendiz (em detrimento da mera reprodução de ideias e tarefas não compreendidas) e outros princípios fundamentais do marxismo convergiu com algumas diretrizes da Escola Nova, alterando-as. Longe de pretender leitura exaustiva de livro tão fértil, este texto procurará abordar suas especificidades e preparar, ainda que parcialmente, o leitor para algumas das principais questões que envolvem a leitura da “Psicologia Pedagógica”.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v24i1.2155
CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA UMA HISTORIOGRAFIA DA DEFECTOLOGIA SOVIÉTICA
Authors: Berenchtein Netto Nilson , Leal Daniela
Published: March 2014

O objetivo deste artigo é resgatar o processo histórico de desenvolvimento da Defectologia soviética, tendo em vista as contribuições desse ramo da ciência para a educação, a Psicologia e a Filosofia. Para tanto, retomou-se o surgimento da Educação Especial na Rússia czarista, para chegar ao crescimento e incremento dos estudos relacionados às deficiências no período posterior à Revolução de Outubro. O artigo centra seus esforços em apresentar um panorama das obras dos principais estudiosos da defectologia na URSS especialmente aqueles que se dedicaram ao estudo e à educação de pessoas com deficiências múltiplas, principalmente a cegueira e a surdez. Nessa perspectiva, foram contempladas as obras de Vigotski, Sokolianski, Meshcheriakov, Ilienkov e Yarmolenko e suas devidas contribuições ao incremento da Defectologia.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v24i1.2156
EDUCAÇÃO ESCOLAR ENQUANTO UNIDADE SIGNIFICADO SOCIAL/SENTIDO PESSOAL
Authors: Longarezi Andréa Maturano , Franco Patrícia Lopes Jorge
Published: March 2014

O artigo analisa as condições objetivas para efetivação de uma educação escolar que se constitua em processo de humanização pela unidade significado social/sentido pessoal. Tal discussão se alicerça sob as bases do materialismo histórico-dialético presente nas teorias histórico-cultural e da atividade. O processo de humanização, nas condições epistemológicas tratadas, pressupõe a unidade significação/sentido. A chave para a compreensão das possibilidades de uma educação escolar enquanto unidade significado/sentido encontra-se na relação dialética entre educaçãodesenvolvimento-atividade. Em se tratando de educação escolar, sua função humanizadora se concretiza pela via do desenvolvimento integral dos estudantes, o que implica o desenvolvimento de um tipo especial de pensamento que somente a escola poderá formar: o pensamento teórico. Pela apropriação das produções humano-genéricas para-si, no sentido tratado por Heller e Duarte, a escola contribuirá para a constituição de individualidades para-si. Esse é o caminho para a unidade, porque por ele, os sentidos poderão aproximar-se das significações sociais, condição sine qua non para humanização, enquanto processo de desalienação da sociedade. O desenvolvimento da atividade psíquica do homem que permita uma imersão na realidade operando mentalmente com princípios teóricos, podendo pensar e agir sobre a mesma com base nas produções humano-genéricas para-si é que possibilitará aproximar o indivíduo da coletividade, constituir-se humano em sociedade, isso pela via da unidade significado/sentido. Essa convergência encontra-se no campo conceitual da atividade, entendida no sentido tratado por A. N. Leontiev. Se é pela atividade que o homem se desenvolve e é nela que objeto e motivo coincidem, o sentido só se encontrará no significado se constituir-se em atividade. A educação escolar tem papel fundamental neste processo porque a ela compete formalmente essa aproximação. Portanto, precisa consolidar-se pelas suas atividades-meio e atividades-fim: ensino e aprendizagem. Esse é o caminho para o desenvolvimento e para a humanização do homem e da sociedade; humanização pela desalienação, pela unidade significado social/sentido pessoal.http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v24i1.2157
REFLEXÕES SOBRE A ORGANIZAÇÃO DE PRÁTICAS EDUCATIVAS NO CONTEXTO DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Rodrigues Sílvia Adriana
Published: March 2014

Tendo como pressuposto as abordagens integradas do desenvolvimento humano, identifica-se a necessidade de que o adulto, responsável pelas situações de aprendizagem, veja as crianças com mais atenção, no sentido de efetivamente entender suas condutas e considerá-las como seres afetivos, com necessidades físicas, emocionais, cognitivas e sociais. Ao refletir sobre a intencionalidade da ação educativa praticada em situações planejadas de ensino-aprendizagem da Educação Infantil, uma pergunta interpõe-se entre as demais: como organizar procedimentos didáticos que possam, de fato, favorecer o processo de aprendizagem e promover o pleno desenvolvimento das crianças pequenas no que diz respeito aos seus aspectos físico, psicológico, intelectual e social? Esta é a questão norteadora do presente artigo, que tem como principal objetivo oferecer elementos para subsidiar a reflexão acerca das práticas educativas no contexto da educação infantil, consideradas essenciais para o trabalho pedagógico intencional junto à criança pequena, buscando a construção de alternativas para ações respeitadoras da(s) criança(s) e da(s) infância(s).http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v24i1.2167
The gradient structure of the mean curvature flow
Authors: Zaal Martijn M.
Published: March 2014

The concept of curve of maximal slope, a generalized notion of gradient flow, is extended to the setting of length spaces, which includes all metric spaces.
This extended definition is used to show that curves of maximal slope in a metric space do not depend on the full metric, but only on the concept of curve length generated by it. Subsequently, it is shown that a length space can be constructed to describe L
2 flow: geometric flows where the energy dissipated by a moving surface is the L
2-norm of its normal velocity.
Finally, it is shown that the mean curvature flow is the gradient flow of the area functional in this space.
New examples of conformally constrained Willmore minimizers of explicit type
Authors: Ndiaye Cheikh Birahim , Schätzle Reiner Michael
Published: March 2014

We develop a convergence procedure
to improve weak convergence of
conformally constrained Willmore immersions
to smooth convergence
and apply this to get new examples
of conformally constrained Willmore minimizers
of explicit type.
In fact by estimates of Li–Yau in [Inventiones Mathematicae
69 (1982), 269–291]
and Montiel–Ros in [Inventiones Mathematicae 83 (1986),
153–166],
the Clifford torus

T
Cliff

=

(
1
/

2

)

(

S
1

×

S
1

)

⊆

S
3

${T_{\mathrm {Cliff}} = (1 / \sqrt{2})
(S^1 \times S^1) \subseteq S^3}$

minimizes the Willmore energy in its conformal class.
We extend this using our convergence procedure
to the flat constant mean curvature tori

T
r

=
r

S
1

×

1
-

r
2

S
1

⊆

S
3

${T_r = r S^1 \times \sqrt{1 - r^2} S^1 \subseteq S^3}$

for

r
≈
1
/

2

${r \approx 1 / \sqrt{2}}$

.
Educating health care trainees and professionals about suicide prevention in depressed adolescents
Authors: Rice Timothy R. , Sher Leo
Published: March 2014

Adolescent depression is a highly prevalent disorder with significant morbidity and suicide mortality. It is simultaneously highly responsive to treatment. Adolescents wish to discuss depression with their providers, and providers routinely receive opportunities to do so. These characteristics of prevalence, morbidity, mortality, responsiveness, and accessibility make adolescent depression an excellent target of care. However, most health care trainees and professionals report low confidence in caring for adolescent depression. As a caregiver community, we fare poorly in routine matters of assessment and management of adolescent depression. All health care professionals are trained within a medical model. In this light, the conceptualization of adolescent depression and suicidality within the medical model may increase provider confidence and performance. Epidemiology and neurobiology are presented with emphasis in this review. Legal concerns also affect health care professionals. For example, providers may deviate from evidence-based medicine owing to anxieties that the identification and treatment of depression may induce suicide and consequent legal culpability. A review of the historical context and relevant outcome trials concerning the increased risk of suicidality in depressed adolescents treated with selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors may increase provider comfort. Furthermore, increased didactic and experiential training improve provider performance. In this work, proven models were discussed, and the testable hypothesis that education incorporating the views of this article can produce the best care for depressed adolescents.
Military sexual trauma as a determinant in the development of mental and physical illness in male and female veterans
Authors: O’Brien Betsy S. , Sher Leo
Published: March 2014

Background: Military Sexual Trauma (MST) is defined as sexual harassment and or sexual assault experienced by a military service member. It is much more widespread and common than reported. It is associated with pre-combat traumatic experiences and pathologic sequelae including mental and medical illness.

Methods: An electronic search of the major behavioral science databases was conducted to retrieve studies detailing the social, epidemiological and clinical characteristics of MST and its relationship to psychiatric and medical illness.

Results: Studies indicate that military sexual trauma is related to an increase in psychiatric pathology, including posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance abuse and dependence, depression, anxiety, eating disorders and suicidal behavior. MST is also related to an increase in medical illness, primarily pain-related symptoms involving multiple organ systems, including gastrointestinal, neurological, genitourinary and musculoskeletal.

Conclusion: MST is associated with an increased prevalence of mental and physical illness. Although there are some gender differences in the reported rates of MST and there may be some variables, such as prior traumatic experiences, that may make an individual more vulnerable to the psychiatric and medical sequela of MST, it is clear that MST is a major healthcare issue that affects both sexes and warrants further attention and an increase in clinical resources devoted to it. Some preventive measures for decreasing the prevalence of MST may include increasing education and legal prosecution of perpetrators in the military, and increasing access to mental health services for individuals who have suffered from MST.
Optimization of Osmotic Dehydration of Seedless Guava (Psidium guajava L.) in Sucrose Solution using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Ganjloo Ali , Rahman Russly A. , Bakar Jamilah , Osman Azizah , Bimakr Mandana
Published: March 2014

In this study, osmotic dehydration of seedless guava was studied through response surface methodology. Seedless guava cubes were dehydrated in sucrose solution at different concentration (30–50% w/w), temperature (30–50°C) and immersion time (15–240 min) with respect to weight reduction, solid gain and water loss. A Box–Behnken design was used to determine the optimum processing conditions that yield maximum weight reduction, water loss and minimum solid gain. The models developed for all responses were significant (p<0.05). The response surface plots were constructed to show the interaction of process variables. Optimum process conditions were found to be sucrose concentration of 33.79% w/w, temperature of 30.00°C and immersion time of 240 min through desirability function method. At these optimum points, weight reduction, solid gain and water loss were found to be 0.189 (gg−1), 0.050 (gg−1) and 0.237 (gg−1), respectively.
Zethrene and expanded zethrenes with tunable ground states and physical properties
Authors: Sun Zhe , Wu Jishan
Published: March 2014

Zethrene and its related molecules have attracted much attention from the perspectives of both synthetic chemistry and materials science. One characteristic feature of these molecules is the existence of two distinct resonance structures, a closed-shell quinoidal form and an open-shell biradical form, which will lead to a significant biradical contribution to the ground-state electronic configuration. As a result, zethrene-based molecules exhibit unique optical, electronic, and magnetic properties, which open the door for a diversity of applications in the field of electronics, nonlinear optics, and spintronics.
Cu(I)/Cu(III) catalytic cycle involved in Ullmann-type cross-coupling reactions
Authors: Ribas Xavi , Güell Imma
Published: March 2014

Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions for C–heteroatom bond formation have attracted numerous research groups in the past 15 years aiming at finding more efficient methodologies under milder conditions. The use of auxiliary ligands has tremendously improved Ullmann-type couplings although a general methodology for different heteroatom-nucleophiles is still lacking. Mechanistic insights are seen as a clue for designing new effective, broad-scope and general methodologies. In this review we describe the widely discussed mechanistic options for this reaction and the use of model compounds to unravel key mechanistic aspects for copper-catalyzed C–heteroatom transformations. Stable aryl-Cu(III) species in model systems are shown to be reliable active catalysts in the coupling of a broad nucleophile scope such as phenols, amides, sulfides, selenides, phosphites, halides and also activated methylene susbtrates for carbon–carbon couplings.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of functional amylosic materials
Authors: Kadokawa Jun-ichi
Published: March 2014

In this article, a review of the chemoenzymatic synthesis of functional amylosic materials by means of a-glucan phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization is presented. The first topic of this review deals with the synthesis of amylose-grafted heteropolysaccharides composed of abundant polysaccharide main chains, such as chitin/chitosan, cellulose, alginate, xanthan gum, and carboxymethyl cellulose. The synthesis was achieved by combining the a-glucan phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization forming amylose with the appropriate chemical reaction (chemoenzymatic method). The second topic is the construction of amylosic supramolecular materials such as hydrogels and films by means of the vine-twining polymerization approach, which is a method for the formation of amylose-polymer inclusion complexes in the a-glucan phosphorylase-catalyzed polymerization field. In these studies, the designed graft copolymeric guest compounds were first synthesized. Then, the a-glucan phosphorylase-catalyzed enzymatic polymerization was carried out in the presence of the graft copolymers to produce the amylosic supramolecular materials through the formation of inclusion complexes.
Rhenium(I)-catalyzed reaction of terminal alkynes with imines leading to allylamine derivatives
Authors: Fukumoto Yoshiya , Daijo Masato , Chatani Naoto
Published: March 2014

The rhenium-catalyzed reaction of terminal alkynes with imines gives N-alkylideneallylamine derivatives. A diphenylmethyl group as the substituent on the imine nitrogen gave the best result. Deuterium labeling experiments revealed that the regioselective addition of both the hydrogen and the N-alkylideneaminoalkyl group to the terminal alkynes also proceeded stereoselectively. While alkynes bearing primary and secondary alkyl-, vinyl-, and aryl groups were applicable to the catalytic reaction, tertiary alkyl- and silyl-substituted alkynes gave propargylamines. The C–C bond-forming step via the nucleophilic attack of the alkynyl β-carbon on the imine carbon leading to the formation of a vinylidene rhenium species appears to be involved in the catalytic cycle.
A database of water transitions from experiment and theory (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Tennyson Jonathan , Bernath Peter F. , Brown Linda R. , Campargue Alain , Császár Attila G. , Daumont Ludovic , Gamache Robert R. , Hodges Joseph T. , Naumenko Olga V. , Polyansky Oleg L. , Rothman Laurence S. , Vandaele Ann Carine , Zobov Nikolai F.
Published: March 2014

The report and results of an IUPAC Task Group (TG) formed in 2004 on “A Database of Water Transitions from Experiment and Theory” (Project No. 2004-035-1-100) are presented. Energy levels and recommended labels involving exact and approximate quantum numbers for the main isotopologues of water in the gas phase, H2
16O, H2
18O, H2
17O, HD16O, HD18O, HD17O, D2
16O, D2
18O, and D2
17O, are determined from measured transition frequencies. The transition frequencies and energy levels are validated using first-principles nuclear motion computations and the MARVEL (measured active rotational–vibrational energy levels) approach. The extensive data including lines and levels are required for analysis and synthesis of spectra, thermochemical applications, the construction of theoretical models, and the removal of spectral contamination by ubiquitous water lines. These datasets can also be used to assess where measurements are lacking for each isotopologue and to provide accurate frequencies for many yet-to-be measured transitions. The lack of high-quality frequency calibration standards in the near infrared is identified as an issue that has hindered the determination of high-accuracy energy levels at higher frequencies. The generation of spectra using the MARVEL energy levels combined with transition intensities computed using high accuracy ab initio dipole moment surfaces are discussed. A recommendation of the TG is for further work to identify a single, suitable model to represent pressure- (and temperature-) dependent line profiles more accurately than Voigt profiles.
The complex structure of ionic liquids at an atomistic level: from “red-and-greens” to charge templates
Authors: Shimizu Karina , Bernardes Carlos E.S. , Lopes José N. Canongia
Published: March 2014

In this article, we discuss how the relation between interactions and structure in ionic liquids (ILs) can be probed at a molecular level using ab initio and molecular dynamics (MD) methodologies. The first part of the discussion will focus on the unique and complex properties of ILs as pure substances including the existence of an extended and flexible polar network and the possibility of a second nanosegregated subphase containing the nonpolar residues of the molecular ions that constitute some ILs. The discussion will then be extended to IL plus molecular species mixtures/solutions. In this context the concept of ILs as charge templates for the electronic make-up of the molecular species will be analyzed at length. Finally, that concept will be extended to ILs adsorbed over solid substrates.
What is “hypermobile” water?: detected in alkali halide, adenosine phosphate, and F-actin solutions by high-resolution microwave dielectric spectroscopy
Authors: Suzuki Makoto
Published: March 2014

Experimental observation by high-resolution microwave dielectric spectroscopy of hydration properties of alkali halide ions, adenosine phosphate ions, and F-actin revealed the existence of hypermobile water (HMW) molecules around those solutes. To understand the molecular process of HMW, two theoretical approaches are reviewed here. One is based on a statistical mechanical approach to analyze the rotational freedom of water molecules around a charged particle. Another approach reports direct calculation of dielectric relaxation process of water molecules around an ion. Experimentally observed HMW molecules are theoretically explained with the significance of multi-correlations among an ion and water molecules.
Defining the transfer coefficient in electrochemistry: An assessment (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Guidelli Rolando , Compton Richard G. , Feliu Juan M. , Gileadi Eliezer , Lipkowski Jacek , Schmickler Wolfgang , Trasatti Sergio
Published: March 2014

The transfer coefficientαis a quantity that is commonly employed in the kinetic investigation of electrode processes. In the 3rdedition of the IUPAC Green Book, the cathodic transfer coefficientαcis defined as –(RT/nF)(dlnkc/dE), wherekcis the electroreduction rate constant,Eis the applied potential, andR, T, andFhave their usual significance. This definition is equivalent to the other, -(RT/nF)(dln|jc|/dE), wherejcis the cathodic current density corrected for any changes in the reactant concentration at the electrode surface with respect to its bulk value. The anodic transfer coefficientαais defined similarly, by simply replacingjcwith the anodic current densityjaand the minus sign with the plus sign. It is shown that this definition applies only to an electrode reaction that consists of a single elementary step involving the simultaneous uptake ofnelectrons from the electrode in the case ofαc, or their release to the electrode in the case ofαa. However, an elementary step involving the simultaneous release or uptake of more than one electron is regarded as highly improbable in view of the absolute rate theory of electron transfer of Marcus; the hardly satisfiable requirements for the occurrence of such an event are examined. Moreover, the majority of electrode reactions do not consist of a single elementary step; rather, they are multistep, multi-electron processes. The uncritical application of the above definitions ofαcandαahas led researchers to provide unwarranted mechanistic interpretations of electrode reactions. In fact, the only directly measurable experimental quantity isdln|j|/dE, which can be made dimensionless upon multiplication byRT/F, yielding (RT/F)(dln|j|/dE). One common source of misinterpretation consists in setting this experimental quantity equal toαn, according to the above definition of the transfer coefficient, and in trying to estimatenfromαn, upon ascribing an arbitrary value toα, often close to 0.5. The resultingnvalue is then identified with the number of electrons involved in a hypothetical rate-determining step or with that involved in the overall electrode reaction. A few examples of these unwarranted mechanistic interpretations are reported. In view of the above considerations, it is proposed to define the cathodic and anodic transfer coefficients by the quantitiesαc= –(RT/F)(dln|jc|/dE) andαa= (RT/F)(dlnja/dE), which are independent of any mechanistic consideration.
Enantioselective palladium(0)-catalyzed C–H arylation strategy for chiral heterocycles
Authors: Saget Tanguy , Cramer Nicolai
Published: March 2014

Transition-metal-catalyzed C–H functionalizations have emerged as complementary and powerful tools to access molecular complexity from widely available starting materials. Herein, we present a strategy for asymmetric intramolecular Pd(0)-catalyzed C–H functionalizations. The outlined reactivity is based on the cooperative effect between a chiral phosphorous ligand and a carboxylate base acting as a relay of chirality during the enantio-discriminating concerted metalation deprotonation step. This approach allows the enantioselective construction of a range of important semi-saturated chiral nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as indolines, tetrahydroquinolines, and dibenzazepinones.
Nickel-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of arylboronic acids with olefins
Authors: Liu Dong , Liu Chao , Lei Aiwen
Published: March 2014

A novel and efficient nickel-catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling of arylboronic acids with olefins to synthesize 1,2-diarylalkenes has been developed. By employing Ni(acac)2 as the catalyst, TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl) as the oxidant, a variety of arylboronic acids and styrene derivatives could be cross-coupled efficiently to afford the corresponding 1,2-diarylalkenes in moderate-to-good yields. Notably, high E-selectivity of 1,2-diarylalkenes was obtained with the aid of a high temperature of 120°C. Moreover, boric acid esters also proved to be efficient coupling partners. Initial mechanistic studies suggest that this reaction proceeds through a radical pathway.
Transition-metal clusters as catalysts for chemoselective transesterification of alcohols in the presence of amines
Authors: Mashima Kazushi , Hayashi Yukiko , Agura Kazushi , Ohshima Takashi
Published: March 2014

Acylation is one of the most abundant organic transformations of alcohols (esterification) and amines (amidation). Because of the greater nucleophilicity of the amino group compared to the hydroxyl group and the stability of amides compared to esters, N-acylation occurs predominantly in organic synthetic reactions. We reported that the μ-oxo-tetranuclear zinc cluster Zn4(OCOCF3)6O efficiently catalyzes highly chemoselective acylation of hydroxyl groups in the presence of primary and secondary alkyl amino groups to afford the corresponding esters in high yields. Not only zinc carboxylate complexes but also various carboxylate complexes of first-row late transition metals, such as Mn, Fe, Co, and Cu, become catalysts for such the hydroxy group-selective acylation in the presence of amines. Among these carboxylate compounds, we found that the combination of an octanuclear cobalt carboxylate cluster [Co4(OCOR)6O]2 (R = CF3, CH3, and
t
Bu) with nitrogen-containing ligands such as 2,2′-bipyridine show sufficient catalytic activity toward O-selective transesterification. Notably, an alkoxide-bridged dinuclear complex, Co2(OCO
t
Bu)2(bpy)2(μ2-OCH2-C6H4-4-CH3)2, was successfully isolated as a key intermediate that proceeds with Michaelis–Menten behavior through an ordered ternary complex mechanism similar to dinuclear metallo-enzymes, suggesting that the formation of alkoxides, followed by coordination of the ester, is responsible for the unique O-selective acylation.
The effect of acceptor-substituted alkynes in gold-catalyzed intermolecular reactions
Authors: Shin Seunghoon
Published: March 2014

Alkynes substituted with electron-withdrawing groups participated in various intermolecular reactions with olefin substrates, including [4 + 2] annulation of propiolic acids, intermolecular metathesis-type reaction and carboalkoxylation involving allylethers.
Retórica del decoro y censura de las imágenes en el Barroco temprano español
Authors: García Juan Luis González
Published: March 2014

In Golden Age Spain, religious art functioned within the boundaries of a time-honoured corpus of ecclesiastical and rhetorical theory on the image, which attempted to prevent immoderate iconic veneration aided by metaphors taken from the well-known world of portraiture, themost imitative of pictorial genres. Counter-Reformation theologians and preachers also sought to reduce the artwork's impact on irrational sensibility by urging artists to avoid the undesirable effects of awkward or lascivious images. This article will explore howthe laws of decorumequipped Post-Tridentine Spanish imagery with aesthetic values meant to reconcile delectare with docere and movere, and how this finally resulted in a dispute between high culture and popular taste, between an art favored by royal collectors (painting) and another much more generalized as a result of ecclesiastical patronage (sculpture).
The revival of the study of rhetoric in contemporary Bulgaria
Authors: Bencheva Mina Tasseva
Published: March 2014

Durant les dernières décennies, la recherche sur la rhétorique en Bulgarie s'est intensifiée, ce qui est la conséquence à la fois de l'intérêt porté à la rhétorique sur le plan international et de raisons propres à l'histoire du pays. Les chercheurs bulgares ont réexaminé divers aspects du discours et ont ouvert de nouveaux champs d'enquête et de publication. Le présent article propose un panorama des progrès récents de la recherche bulgare dans le domaine de la rhétorique ancienne et moderne, depuis l'Antiquité gréco-romaine et orientale jusqu'à la période contemporaine, et présente un choix de publications parues dans ce domaine.
Connective tissue and inflammation
Authors: Jakab Lajos
Published: March 2014

The author summarizes the structure of the connective tissues, the increasing motion of the constituents, which determine the role in establishing the structure and function of that. The structure and function of the connective tissue are related to each other in the resting as well as inflammatory states. It is emphasized that cellular events in the connective tissue are part of the defence of the organism, the localisation of the damage and, if possible, the maintenance of restitutio ad integrum. The organism responds to damage with inflammation, the non specific immune response, as well as specific, adaptive immunity. These processes are located in the connective tissue. Sterile and pathogenic inflammation are relatively similar processes, but inevitable differences are present, too. Sialic acids and glycoproteins containing sialic acids have important roles, and the role of Siglecs is also highlighted. Also, similarities and differences in damages caused by pathogens and sterile agents are briefly summarized. In addition, the roles of adhesion molecules linked to each other, and the whole event of inflammatory processes are presented. When considering practical consequences it is stressed that the structure (building up) of the organism and the defending function of inflammation both have fundamental importance. Inflammation has a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and the unimpaired somato-psychological state of the organism. Thus, inflammation serves as a tool of organism identical with the natural immune response, inseparably connected with the specific, adaptive immune response. The main events of the inflammatory processes take place in the connective tissue. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(12), 453–460.
Corrective feedback, gesture, and mediation in classroom language learning
Authors: van Compernolle Rémi Adam , Smotrova Tetyana
Published: March 2014

This article examines the way in which a teacher’s provision of form-focused corrective feedback synchronized with gesture mediated a student’s learning in an ESL reading classroom. Specifically, the focus of the analysis is on the student’s appropriation of the teacher’s gesture as a tool that mediates his own independent functioning. It is argued that while the teacher’s corrective feedback in the verbal channel helped to scaffold the learner’s performance by modeling a correct syntactic structure and highlighting the specific locus of the correction, it was her gesture activity that became available to the student as a psychological tool. The discussion centers on the role of gesture in mediating second language development. Implications for future research and classroom language teaching are also sketched out.