bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blockchain, criptomonedas y los fenómenos delictivos: entre el crimen y el desarrollo
Authors: Pérez-Medina Dévika
Published: January 2021

Blockchain es una tecnología utilizada para el almacenamiento de datos que crece de forma acelerada. Esta es la tecnología mayoritariamente utilizada para crear y albergar otro fenómeno reciente, las criptomonedas. En las criptomonedas han visto la oportunidad organizaciones criminales para realizar y financiar actividades ilícitas. A pesar de que el funcionamiento del blockchain se basa en la claridad y transparencia de sus bloques, los estudios muestran evidencias de su vinculación con delitos como el blanqueo de capitales, la financiación del terrorismo o la compra de servicios ilícitos. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la jurisprudencia penal española en materia de blockchain y criptomonedas, poniéndola en relación con los fenómenos delictivos destacados por la doctrina y las autoridades administrativas y legislativas de España y la Unión Europea. A este respecto el resultado del estudio muestra que existe una diferencia clara entre ambos ámbitos. Así, mientras que en el ámbito doctrinal, legislativo y administrativo los principales focos de interés en cuanto a la utilización de la tecnología blockchain y las criptomonedas han estado relacionados con el blanqueo de capitales, las evasiones fiscales, la financiación del terrorismo y la compra de material ilícito, los casos que han llegado a los tribunales españoles han sido mayoritariamente delitos contra el patrimonio.
Victimización en Europa: un estudio de la distribución geográfica y temporal de los robos en domicilio y las agresiones
Authors: Botía-López Raquel
Published: January 2021

Este artículo estudia de manera longitudinal y transnacional la victimización de los robos en domicilio y las agresiones en Europa, a partir de datos de la Encuesta Social Europea desde 2002 hasta 2016. Se investiga cómo evoluciona la victimización de estos delitos de manera global y se compara la evolución y el nivel de victimización entre países europeos, más en concreto, entre Europa Occidental y Europa del Este y Central. En el análisis se ha empleado la estadística descriptiva y análisis geográficos mediante mapas de coropletas. Los resultados reflejan que, aunque la tendencia de victimización es descendente con variaciones, no puede afirmarse que exista un descenso generalizado de los robos en domicilio y las agresiones en todos los países de Europa. En este sentido, los países de Europa del Este y Central muestran un descenso de la victimización continuo y más intenso que los países de Europa Occidental, así como un nivel de victimización menor. Finalmente, dadas las limitaciones de este artículo junto con las críticas metodológicas en el estudio de las tendencias de la delincuencia, se propone que estudios futuros comparen de manera detallada la victimización mediante la recogida de datos de encuestas de victimización a nivel europeo.
Comparison of short-, intermediate-, and long-term results between dogs with tracheal collapse that underwent multimodal medical management alone and those that underwent tracheal endoluminal stent placement
Authors: Congiusta Michael , Weisse Chick , Berent Allyson C. , Tozier Erik
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

To compare short-, intermediate-, and long-term results between dogs with tracheal collapse (TC) that received multimodal medical management only and those that underwent tracheal endoluminal stent placement.

ANIMALS

159 dogs with TC that underwent medical management only (MM group; n = 84) or were surgically managed by stent placement (SM group; 75).

PROCEDURES

Medical records of dogs with TC that underwent medical management only or stent placement at a referral hospital between September 1, 2009, and August 1, 2018, were reviewed. Data regarding signalment, information relevant to TC, and outcome were extracted from the records and aggregated into short-, intermediate-, and long-term follow-up periods for analysis. Descriptive data and median survival times (MSTs) were compared between the MM and SM groups.

RESULTS

Clinical signs of dogs in the MM group generally improved during the short term but regressed and worsened over time. The proportion of dogs with malformation-type TC that underwent stent placement (38/43 [88%]) was significantly greater than the proportion of dogs with traditional-type TC that underwent stent placement (37/107 [35%]). The MST from TC diagnosis was 3.7 years for the MM group and 5.2 years for the SM group. For dogs with severe disease, the MST was 12 days for medically managed dogs and 1,338 days for dogs that underwent stent placement.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE

Multimodal medical management alleviated clinical signs for months to years in dogs with mild to moderate TC disease, but stent placement should be considered for dogs with severe disease.
Molecular epidemiology and the clinical impact of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales isolates among adult patients: aspects from a Romanian non-teaching hospital
Authors: Főldes Annamária , Molnár Szabolcs , Bilca Doina-Veronica , Voidăzan Septimiu Toader , Székely Edit
Published: January 2021

Introduction: A dramatic increase of infections induced by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) has been registered worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the molecular epidemiology and the clinical impact of CPE strains isolated from adult inpatients.

Material and methods: A one-year, single-center, retrospective observational study including 34 consecutive patients with 37 non-duplicate CPE strains recovered from clinical specimens was accomplished. The Vitek 2 Compact, M.I.C.Evaluator strips, the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM), and the combination disks test (KPC, MBL, OXA-48 Confirm kit, Rosco Diagnostica) were applied as phenotypic tests. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used for detection of blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48-like genes. The clonality was assessed with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=25) was the most frequent CPE encountered. The carbapenemase types were NDM (n=13), KPC (n=12), and OXA-48-like (n=12). Two distinct clonal clusters were identified among the 12 KPC positive strains. All CPE isolates exhibited non-susceptibility to carbapenems, cephalosporins, ciprofloxacin. Respiratory tract infections (n=16) and hospitalization in the intensive care unit (ICU) (n=14) were dominant. The most common comorbidity was congestive heart failure (n=11). Monotherapy was the main strategy adopted (n=15). Death occurred in 18 patients.

Conclusions: Our analysis underscores the scarcity of antibiotic solutions and high mortality. Monotherapy for urinary tract infections (UTIs) is beneficial. Inter- or intrahospital dissemination of successful epidemic clones is proved. The adequate CPE infections control programs and antimicrobial policies are essential..
TUPOKSI APOTEKER DALAM PENJAMINAN MUTU PRODUK KOSMETIK SESUAI KETENTUAN CPKB DI INDUSTRI FARMASI KOSMETIK
Authors: Sukmarani I Gusti Ayu Putu
Published: January 2021

Cosmetics are a preparation or product for women and men that are used on the outside of the human body. The cosmetic industry implements an operational system in producing cosmetics by ensuring the quality and safety of cosmetic products to be produced. A cosmetic industry in producing cosmetics must comply with the standard requirements for the quality of cosmetic products that have been determined in accordance with the CPKB (Good C Manufacturing Practices). CPKB is a basic feasibility guideline according to the requirements aimed at making a cosmetic industry produce safe, useful and quality products. Pharmacists who work as QA (Quality Assurance) in the pharmaceutical industry for quality assurance of cosmetic products. The benefit of this article is the role of pharmacists in quality assurance of cosmetic products according to GCMP provisions in the cosmetic pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this article is to determine the role of pharmacists in the quality assurance of cosmetic products contained in the GCMP. The method in this article is literature study using sources, guidelines, references regarding the main duties and functions of a pharmacist. Quality Assurance (QA) functions to ensure that product quality remains during the shelf-life to distribution processes, ensures that self-inspection or quality audits are in accordance with procedures, ensures suppliers of the starting materials used and the packaging are evaluated in accordance with the provisions in order to meet quality requirements. The task of pharmacists as quality assurance is to regulate the design, manufacture and development of products in accordance with applicable regulations, implement the product manufacturing process to comply with the provisions, ensure that the supply of materials, use of starting materials, manufacture and packaging are correct.
KAJIAN LANDASAN HUKUM TERKAIT TUGAS POKOK DAN FUNGSI APOTEKER SEBAGAI PELAKSANA PENGADAAN PERBEKALAN FARMASI DI RUMAH SAKIT
Authors: Limba Kristina Megi
Published: January 2021

Management of pharmaceutical supplies is one of the pharmaceutical services in Hospital Pharmacy Installations. In the management process, the procurement stage greatly affects the availability of drugs and the hospital economy. Guaranteed product and sufficient amount of medicine is one of the most important aspects of a hospital to be able to provide the best service. This study aims to discuss the legal basics regarding the main duties and functions of pharmacists in drug management, particularly the procurement of pharmaceutical supplies in hospitals. This research uses descriptive analysis method. Literature used in the form of scientific journals and regulations related to the management of pharmaceutical supplies at the procurement. The legal basis that regulates the procurement of pharmaceutical supplies is Permenkes RI No.72 Tahun 2016 Tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Rumah Sakit and several other supporting regulations. The results of the literature study were the management of pharmaceutical activities in the hospital at the stage of procurement of pharmaceutical supplies carried out by IFRS led by pharmacists. Management of pharmaceutical supplies in hospitals is carried out with a one-door system because it can simplify the process of supervising and controlling pharmaceutical supplies, according to the procurement objectives stated in the Permenkes RI No. 72 Tahun 2016.
PENGEMBANGAN METODE IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENETAPAN KADAR RODAMIN B PADA SAMPEL JAJANAN TRADISIONAL DENGAN METODE KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS-SPEKTROFOTODENSITOMETRI
Authors: Armita Sari Pande Made Nova
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK

Zat pewarna sintetis digunakan karena komposisinya lebih stabil dan relatif lebih murah. Contoh pewarna sintetis adalah sunset yellow FCF yang memberi warna oranye, karmoisin yang memberikan  warna merah, serta Tartrazine untuk warna kuning. Zat warna yang dilarang digunakan dalam pangan tercantum dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nomor 239/MenKes/Per/V/85 mengenai Zat Warna Tertentu yang Dinyatakan sebagai Bahan Berbahaya. Salah satu zat warna yang dinyatakan bahan berbahaya adalah rodamin B. Rodamin B masih banyak ditemukan pada produk kosmetik dan juga berbagai komoditas pangan. Paparan jangka panjang dengan rodamin B dapat menyebabkan kanker dan resiko cacat kelahiran. Oleh karena itu akan dikembangkan metode analisis kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) untuk identifikasi dan penetapan kadar rodamin B di produk jajanan tradisional. Dikembangkan enam fase gerak untuk memisahkan senyawa rodamin B dari pewarna lain. Dari hasil yang diperoleh,fase gerak 6 (Etanol:air:asam asetat:dietilamin (95:5:5:1) adalah fase gerak yang paling mampu memisahkan beberapa pewarna sekaligus. Uji kualitatif dengan KLT-spektrofotodensitometri didapatkan bahwa sampel yang positif mengandung rodamin B adalah sampel KM3 dan KM 5. Hal ini disimpulkan drai Rf dan spectrum yang sama dengan rodamin, Yaitu Rf 0,72. Persamaan garis regresi yang diperoleh adalah y = 564,534 + 1,799x dan r = 0,9946 dengan rentang linieritas 200-1500 ppm. Pada penetapan kadar sampel yang mengandung rodamin B, yaitu pada sampel KM3 dan KM B, secara berturut-turut kadar yang diperoleh adalah 0,676 mg/1 gram sampel dan 2,751 mg/1 gram sampel
SUNDANESE PHONOLOGICAL INTERFERENCE INTO ARABIC LANGUAGE IN KETAPANG SOCIETY
Authors: Zahra Dwi Noviatul , Amrulloh Muhammad Afif , Leviana Leviana , Febriani Suci Ramadhanti
Published: January 2021

Ketapang is a village in Limau sub-district, Tanggamus district, Lampung province, Indonesia, inhabited by Sundanese speakers. This condition contributes to the variation of Arabic pronunciation, causing irregularities or difficulties known as disturbances. Linguistic phenomenon as a form of language development, something important happens in Arabic. This research was to study phonological interference forms in Sundanese. This research used a qualitative descriptive method with data collection methods through interviews, observations and hearing that comes to the speech of the Ketapang community. The results showed several changes in the phonological change phenomenon, namely phoneme changes and word changes. This study contributes to the knowledge of language development that occurs from phonological disorders in Sundanese to Arabic, thus providing a great deal of knowledge about Arabic linguistic studies.
TERMS OF ADDRESS IN ARABIC AT THE ARAB COMMUNITY IN MEDAN CITY AND THEIR INFLUENCES IN THE INDONESIAN LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Suri Nur Sukma , Mascahaya Mascahaya , Ritonga Farida Hanum
Published: January 2021

Arabic language influences Indonesian vocabulary in term of borrowing words from Arabic, thus adding vocabulary to Indonesian. Vocabulary address form in Arabic are: ummi, abi, jid, jiddah, khale, khalati, amme, ammeh, ane, ente, antum, ustadz, ustadzah, mu'allimah, habib, bin, binti, akhi, ukhti, buya and the other. This is a field research and literature study aimed to explore terms of address in Arabic at the Arab community in Medan city and their influence in the Indonesian language development in Medan. This is a descriptive study using a qualitative approach that reveals facts, circumstances, phenomena which occur. This research conducted and presented data as it was, especially regarding to addressing terms used in the Arab Community city of Medan.
THE MANAGEMENT OF LANGUAGE LABORATORY IN IMPROVING STUDENTS ARABIC COMPETENCE
Authors: Buska Wahyudi , Latif Mukhtar , Risnita Risnita , Us Kasful Anwar , Prihartini Yogia
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to describe the success of the management of a language laboratory in improving students’ Arabic language competence. This was a qualitative descriptive study. The research findings show that the language learning process through the laboratory increased the students’ listening and speaking skill. The language learning process through the laboratory was supported by extracurricular activities. This activity also had a positive impact on language learning achievement of students who previously did not understand Arabic. Then, laboratory as a place for accommodating students’ talent such as laboratories was very helpful for students in the learning process; this was because the students could communicate directly with native speakers. The implementation of the development of teaching and learning activities using the Arabic language laboratory was directed to students through inservice training programs. The evaluation program was conducted by Arabic language lecturers to see the level of achievement obtained by students after finishing studying in two ways, namely competitive and non-competitive.
ARABIC LANGUAGE DIRECTIVE SPEECH ACT IN SALAHUDDIN AL-AYYUBI MOVIE
Authors: Rahmawati Nailur , Irawati Retno Purnama , Nawawi Muchlisin , Sulimah Sulimah
Published: January 2021

A movie can be used as an effective and feasible medium for delivering messages; this served as the study’s rationale. This research acquired communicative speeches in the Salahuddin Al Ayyubi movie. This research aimed to explore two objectives: to describe the form of directive speech acts and to find out the functions of the directive speech acts. The techniques used in this research comprised: (1) uninvolved conversation observation; (2) recording; (3) transcription; and (4) note-taking. The results showed that (1) there were six forms of directive speech acts in the dialogues of "Saladin al-Ayyubi", i.e., imperative, request, invitation, advice, criticism, and prohibition; (2) the functions of directive speech acts in the dialogues of "Saladin al -Ayyubi” are quite varied. The imperative functions had 83 speech data. The request function comprised 52 speech data. The invitation function involved 33 speech data. The advice function consisted of 39 speech data. The criticism act had 13 speech data. The prohibition function consisted of 23 speech data.
PELATIHAN DEMPLOT PENGOLAHAN LAHAN TANPA BAKAR GUNA MENINGKATKAN PRODUKTIVITAS KELADI DI DESA WAJOK HILIR
Authors: Herawati Henny , Kartini Kartini , Abdurrahman Tatang , Akbar Aji Ali
Published: January 2021

Wajok Hilir Village is a peatland, agricultural have been going on for generations. The taro plant is one of the leading plants. However, in the last 10 years, productivity is only about 3-5 ounces per stem. This has resulted in the community no longer interested in cultivating taro plants. To increase the people's interest in planting taro, it is necessary to carry out training and practice by making a demonstration plot as a pilot. This activity aims to educate partners and residents in Wajok Hilir Village about how to farm taro so that productivity increases. The training provided was in the form of education on land management without burning. The method used in this activity is to provide training with the lecture and discussion method and direct practice in the taro demonstration plot. The partner of this activity is the Palaguna Farmer Group in Wajok Hilir Village. This training activity is a community service activity funded by the Higher Education DRPM 2020 through the Village Partners Development Program (PPDM) scheme. The result of this activity is that taro productivity can be increased and at the same time can increase the knowledge and skills of the Partners and residents of Wajok Hilir Village. This activity is also expected to increase the income of Partners in particular and the people of Wajok Hilir Village in general.
DETERMINATION OF THE OPTIMAL PARAMETERS OF THE HEAT-SHIELDING PROPERTIES OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC FILLERS FOR CHILDREN'S OUTERWEAR PRODUCTION
Authors:   Chernihiv National University of Technology, Dudla Iraida , Khrebtan Olena ,   Chernihiv National University of Technology
Published: January 2021

Urgency of the research. The main functional property of children's outerwear is a heat-shielding property. The research of the heat-shielding properties of natural and synthetic fillers for children's outerwear production is quite multifaceted, complex and insufficiently studied question. This is due to the fact that for the manufacture of children's outerwear new fabrics for the top and lining, as well as fillers of various materials are used. Target setting. Determination of the optimal parameters of the heat-shielding properties of natural and synthetic fillers for children's outerwear production is an important task, since the greatest value of clothing is for the processes of heat exchange of the human body with the environment and to ensure normal thermoregulation. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Considerable attention has been paid to the prediction of the heatprotective properties of winter clothing or its construction, the substantiation of the choice of a package of materials for the manufacture of children's outerwear, mathematical modelling of the heat transfer through textile materials and to the physical model of thermal resistance determination. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. The heat-shielding properties of natural and synthetic fillers for the outerwear of children are practically not studied, and the calculations of the optimal parameters of these properties are fragmentary. The research objective. to determine the optimal parameters of the heat-shielding properties of natural and synthetic fillers for children's outerwear production. The statement of basic materials. It was found that the heat-shielding properties of children's jackets with feather-down and synthetic textile filler depend on the type of filler, thickness, surface density and breathability of the clothing package. Conclusions. Children's jackets with feather-down filler with a smaller thickness have the lowest level of breathability, which provides them with the best heat-shielding properties. The higher level of breathability inherent in a children's jacket with synthetic textile filler with a significantly greater thickness of the package can provide high levels of the heat-shielding properties. Mathematical equations to determine the optimal parameters of the heat-shielding properties of natural and synthetic fillers for children's outerwear production are suggested.
Migraciones y economía
Authors:   Universidad de La Laguna (España), Godenau Dirk
Published: January 2021

Los motivos económicos están entre los factores explicativos básicos de las migraciones, tanto de las internacionales como de las interiores dentro de los países. A su vez, los movimientos migratorios tienen efectos en la economía; en el crecimiento económico en general y también en los distintos mercados (trabajo, vivienda, bienes de consumo, etc.) y los servicios públicos (educación, sanidad, servicios sociales, etc.) El propósito de este documento reside en ofrecer una visión sinóptica de estas interacciones entre migraciones y economía para el caso de las Islas Canarias. Para ello se plantearán inicialmente algunas aclaraciones conceptuales sobre la determinación mutua de ambos procesos, para luego especificarlas con evidencia sobre el caso canario en los principales temas a tener en cuenta: los motivos económicos de las migraciones, su impacto en el crecimiento económico, el mercado de trabajo y las condiciones de vida de la población inmigrante. El apartado final alude a la importancia del marco institucional que regula estas relaciones entre migraciones y economía, ya que están lejos de poder interpretarse como una relación mecánica y alejada de la esfera política.
Ekumenizm w Polsce w kontekście dokumentów II Polskiego Synodu Plenarnego (1991–1999)
Authors: Glaeser Zygfryd
Published: January 2021

II Polski Synod Plenarny został uroczyście zainaugurowany przez papieża Jana Pawła II w czasie jego wizyty w Polsce w czerwcu 1991 r. Również Jan Paweł II dokonał jego zamknięcia 11 czerwca 1999 r. Prace przygotowawcze do synodu trwały prawie trzy lata. W tym czasie sformułowano istotne problemy, które miały zostać przedyskutowane i przepracowane przez grupy synodalne. W ramach siedemnastu komisji tematycznych zredagowano doku- menty robocze. Ważne miejsce wśród nich zajmuje dokument pt.: Kościół katolicki w Polsce na drodze ekumenizmu. Niestety, dokument ten nie znalazł się wśród czternastu finalnych dokumentów synodu. Owszem, w dokumentach końcowych synodu można znaleźć pewne ekumeniczne odniesienia, nie poruszono w nich jednak wielu ważnych kwestii, np.: ekumenicznej formacji świeckich czy duszpasterstwa małżeństw mieszanych. Synod nie wypracował spójnego stanowiska Kościoła rzymskokatolickiego w Polsce na temat ekumenizmu i nie wykazał w tej materii ekumenicznej wrażliwości promowanej przez św. Jana Pawła II.
Spór o pierwszeństwo w prawosławiu. Kontrowersyjny dokument Patriarchatu Moskiewskiego w sprawie prymatu w Kościele
Authors: Kałużny Tadeusz
Published: January 2021

Celem artykułu jest ukazanie istotnych treści dokumentu Świętego Synodu Kościoła rosyjskiego w sprawie prymatu w Kościele oraz ważniejszych głosów w toczącej się wokół tego tekstu dyskusji. Rosyjski tekst powstał jako odpowiedź na dokument katolicko-prawosławnego dialogu teologicznego z Rawenny (2007). Patriarchat Moskiewski nie zgodził się z nim w tej części, w której mówi się o soborowości i prymacie na poziomie powszechnym. W synodalnym dokumencie Patriarchat Moskiewski prezentuje własną wizję prymatu w Kościele. Podkreśla m.in., że prymat na poziomie powszechnym – przynależący dzisiaj stolicy Konstantynopola – jest ze swej natury wyłącznie „prymatem czci”, a nie władzy. Znajduje on swoje źródło nie w osobie „pierwszego” hierarchy, ale konsensusie lokalnych Kościołów prawosławnych. Przedstawiona w rosyjskim dokumencie wizja prymatu spotkała się z ostrą reakcją ze strony przedstawicieli Patriarchatu Konstantynopola. Rosyjski dokument – w przekonaniu krytyków – prezentuje uproszczoną wizję prymatu w Kościele. Zabiegając o swoją pozycję w prawosławiu, Kościół rosyjski podważa w nim kompetencje patriarchy Konstantynopola. W ten sposób prezentowany dokument wpisuje się w spór między Moskwą a Konstantynopolem o pierwszeństwo w świecie prawosławnym.
Is There True Peace Without Truth? Ideological Roots of a Recent Statement of the Central Committee of the World Council of Churches on Religion and Violence
Authors: Składanowski Marcin
Published: January 2021

The article aims to demonstrate ideological roots of the social and theological attitude of the World Council of Churches on the example of the recent official statement of the Central Committee of the WCC issued on June 28, 2016 which regards the connection between religion and violence. Particular emphasis is put on an attempt to explain how the ideology accepted by the WCC, and present in a more or less distinct manner in the documents of this organization, influences the presentation of Christian teaching regarding peace in the said document. The article analyses the mentioned document, starting from the manner in which the phenomenon of violence has been tackled. Further, it examines those statements in which the WCC is presented as promoting the inter-religious dialogue and peace.
Die theologischen Prämissen des interreligiösen Dialogs und der gegenseitigen Toleranz zwischen Islam und Christentum
Authors: Frącz Stanisław
Published: January 2021

The fundamental condition of the Christian-Islamic dialogue and of mutual tolerance represents the triumph over the exclusive fundamentalism that, in the Christian religion, found expression in an axiom accepted for centuries – that of extra ecclesiam nulla salus (outside the Church there is no salvation). The fundamentalist-exclusive interpretation of the Koran dogma extra islam nulla salus, still compulsory today, precludes any form of dialogue with and tolerance of people of other faiths. This is not because such an interpretation views Islam as the one true religion – every religion is entitled to this ex natura rei – but rather because it degrades Christians as devotees of polytheism, and thus as “infidels”, whereby they are definitively discredited as partners for dialogue and tolerance.
Problem koncepcji teologicznej: wiara teologa i wiara Ecclesiae Christi. Czy możliwy jest ekumeniczny dialog w kwestii locus theologicus?
Authors: Kubicki Dominik
Published: January 2021

W kontekście nadchodzących obchodów 500-lecia reformacji i współczesnych dylematów epistemologicznych obecnej postmoderności autor przedkłada kwestię realiów dialogu ekumenicznego. Na ile w oparciu o stan wiedzy naukowej dotyczącej mediewalnej Christianitas, Uniwersytetu i metody scholastycznej, wpływu orientalnej kultury hellenistycznej na wykształcenie się zrębów ideowych nowożytności oraz w oparciu nowe odkrycia w sprawie Akwinatowej koncepcji teologii i metody historyczno-krytycznej Kościoły dialogu ekumenicznego są w stanie zweryfikować fundacyjne stanowisko teologiczne Marcina Lutra i poczynić realny postęp teologiczny? Na ile są w stanie poczynić postęp w ekumenicznym dialogu w imperatywie rozpoznania wiary teologa w wierze Kościoła Chrystusa i Kościoła Ducha Świętego?
Wychowanie do postawy dialogu w katechezie dzieci
Authors: Zellma Anna
Published: January 2021

Od dawna wychowanie dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym i szkolnym do postawy dialogu stanowi przedmiot badań prowadzonych w naukach społecznych. Pojawia się wiele ujęć tego wychowania. W ostatnich latach wiele uwagi poświęca się założeniom programowym wy- chowania do dialogu w edukacji przedszkolnej i szkolnej. Również w katechetyce obecne są dyskursy dotyczące wychowania dzieci do postawy dialogu. Zwykle badacze analizują tę problematykę w powiązaniu z kształtowaniem postaw wśród uczestników lekcji religii i spotkań katechetycznych w parafii. W katechezie dzieci ukierunkowanej dialogicznie za istotne uznaje się mądre i odpowiedzialne wspieranie katechizowanych w kształtowaniu stałej gotowości zrozumienia innych ludzi, zbliżenia się do nich, tworzenia osobowej więzi oraz współdziałania z tymi osobami w celu poznania prawdy i przekazania jej innym czy też pomnażania dobra wspólnego. Obok przekazu wiedzy na temat dialogu z innymi i z Bogiem, zwraca się uwagę na rozwijanie umiejętności wyrażania własnych myśli, dzielenia się wiedzą osobistą i przeżyciami, zespołowe rozwiązywanie problemów i współdziałanie. To wymaga dojrzałej i twórczej osobowości katechety. Znaczące są kompetencje komunikacyjne katechety. Znajdują one wyraz m.in. w umiejętnym porozumiewaniu się z uczniami, innymi nauczycielami i rodzicami oraz w tworzeniu klimatu do dialogu, wzbudzaniu zaufania, akceptacji uczniów, wrażliwości, życzliwości, otwartości, pasji wychowawczej. Niemniej istotna jest znajomość obowiązujących form i reguł grzeczności, obycie towarzyskie, szczery i serdeczny uśmiech. Wszystko to wzmacnia zdolność dialogicznego bycia katechety z dziećmi i skutecznego wspierania ich w kształtowaniu w sobie otwartości na Boga i drugiego człowieka oraz wrażliwości i ciekawości poznawczej.
KOŚCIÓŁ WOBEC ŚWIATA W ŚWIETLE UZGODNIENIA KU WSPÓLNEJ WIZJI KOŚCIOŁA
Authors: Jaskóła Piotr
Published: January 2021

In the light of the statement The Church: Towards a Common Vision the article concentrates on the specific question of the relation of the Church to the world. The key statements of the document are depicted showing the Church as sign and servant of God’s design for the world (pts. 25–26) and the Church in God’s plan for creation (pts. 58–59). In the first part is explained the biblical notion of “the world”. The second point approaches the historical aspect of the relation “Church – the world”. The third part of the article tries to convince that the contemporary Christian thought perceives the relation of the Church to the world through the category of universal reconciliation in Christ and in the Holy Spirit.
A vacinação em foco e a experiência de multiplicadores em um evento realizado em Pernambuco
Authors: De Santana Priscila Cardoso , E Silva Niedja Carla Dias de Lira , Do Nascimento Leticia Mirella Gomes , E Silva Naedja Naira Dias de Lira , De Vasconcelos Marcela Klyviann Bezerra , Dos Santos Wellington Flávio Lopes , De Lima Luciene Regina , Silva Simone de Brito
Published: January 2021

Esse artigo buscou relatar a experiência enquanto multiplicador – palestrante de vacinação em um festival realizado em Pernambuco. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado com base na vivência de multiplicadores voluntários, enquanto palestrantes de vacinação. O evento foi realizado em uma região metropolitana do estado do Pernambuco, entre setembro e outubro de 2019. Cada multiplicador recebeu uma capacitação, semanas antes de iniciar as atividades. Logo, foram impulsionados a entrar em contato com instituições, a fim de buscar um agendamento para receber a proposta de palestras pertinentes à temática. Aproximadamente 400 pessoas, entre crianças, adultos e idosos receberam os multiplicadores com suas palestras sobre vacinação, em mais de trinta instituições parceiras que aceitaram participar desse evento. Durante o festival, concomitantemente, o Brasil vivia uma campanha vacinal contra o sarampo. Dessa forma, as palestras impactaram diretamente no engajamento da vacinação entre a população presente nas ações. Os multiplicadores voluntários, puderam sanar dúvidas, além de incentivar a adesão da imunização para todas as idades, fortalecendo a campanha de vacinação no Brasil.
Synthesis and Characterization of Orotic Acid Loaded Chitosan Inclusion Complex
Authors: Uddin ABM Helal , Hassani Abdelkader , Azad Abul K. , Enezei Hamid H. , Hussain Siti A.
Published: January 2021

The current study aims to improve drug release properties of orotic acid loaded with chitosan inclusion complex (OA/CS). The OA/CS inclusion complex was synthesized using the freeze-drying technique. The characterization of inclusion OA/CS was carried out using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), zeta sizer, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the size of OA/CS ranged between 58 nm and 200 nm, and the zeta potential was 30 mV. Thus, this study indicates that OA/CS has a promising future to develop a carrier for drug delivery systems further.
Determination of Metochloropramide Hydrochloride by Spectrophotometric Method by using Diazotized p-nitro aniline reagent
Authors: Sulaiman Intidhar D. , Alrada Walaa A. Abd
Published: January 2021

New simple, sensitive, accurate, and inexpensive spectrophotometric technique has been developed for the estimation of Metochloropramide hydrochloride [MCP-HCl] in pure and pharmaceutical preparation. This technique is based on the diazotization of a primary amino group of Metochloropramide hydrochloride [MCP-HCl] with NaNo2 and HCl followed by coupling with p-nitro aniline in alkaline medium to obtain a stable red-colored water-soluble azo-dye, show a maximum absorption (λmax) at 513. 50nm. Bear,s low is obeyed in the concentration range of (0.2–25) μg.ml-1 with molar absorptivity of 2.313×103L.mol-1.cm-1and sandall’s sensitivity 0.0145 μg.mL-2. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitative were 0.182 μg.mL-1and 0.553 μg.mL-1, respectively. The proposed technique successfully applied to (tablets, syrup, and injection).
Osteocalcin as a Biomarker for Estimation of Infertility for Iraqi Patients
Authors: Saleh Eman S. , Ameen Inaam A. , Taha Kaled N.
Published: January 2021

Objective: The evaluation of serum osteocalcin (OSN) for Iraqi infertile patients to see the effect of osteocalcin insufficiency, which may lead to a decreased level of testosterone production in males that may cause infertility.
Methods: Forty two newly diagnosed infertile males age range (24–47) years and thirty two apparently healthy males as controls age range (25–58) years. Serum levels of testosterone (TEST), stimulating follicle hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin (PROL), osteocalcin OSN, and fasting blood sugar (FBS) were performed in both patients and controls. Estimation of serum OSN by Immulite1000 auto-analyzer, TEST, FSH, LH, PROL, and FBS by Immulite2000 auto-analyzer.
Results: Infertile patients show significantly elevated serum levels for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), LH, and PROL as compared with controls according to p-value ( 0.000), (0.044), and (0.000), respectively. On the other hand, the infertile patients have lowered serum levels for OSN and TEST as compared with controls according to p-value (0.000) and (0.000), respectively. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) is evaluated within the normal levels for both patients and control groups.
Conclusion: Osteocalcin, act as a regulator of male fertility via its role in the biosynthesis of testosterone, so it serves as a biomarker for evaluation of male infertility. Therefore, osteocalcin could be used as a therapeutic for the treatment of disorders related to male reproduction, including male infertility and low testosterone levels.
Loranthus Europaeus is an Alternative Medicine in Treatment of Cyst and Mouth Inflammation Resulted from Chemotherapy of Breast Cancer
Authors: Aljeboory Ali A.H. , Al-Zubaidi Nazhat M. Abdlkareem
Published: January 2021

The natural product continues to be important as a source of novel drugs because these drugs do not need a sophisticated instrument, cheap resources, less toxic, no resistance to them by bacteria compared with the synthetic drugs. However, the natural product will continue to be important in addition in three areas of discovery, they are a target for production by biotechnology, as source of new lead compounds of a novel chemical structure and as the active ingredients of useful treatments divided from traditional systems of folkloric medicine.1 The herb Loranthus Europaeus leaves, and fruits were used in Iraq traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammation, tumor, and antimicrobial infection.2 For these reasons, we tried to use the phytochemical and pharmacological studies to approach to their bioactive products as a new source for medicine. The extraction of an active constituent of Loranthus Europaeus (flavonoids terpenoids and alkaloids) by using chromatography method using a thimble of suxlet with different organic solvents. The ethyl acetate extract contain flavonoid, which contains quercitin and quercitrin. The active ingredient mixture of L.E. leaves extract have used as a mouth wash for female patient different age have breast cancer and under treatment with chemotherapy. We found that the bioactive martial extracted from L.E. used as mouth wash cause the cure of the inflammation of the mouth of those ladies. In addition that humans of different sexes complaining of cyst attached to one of their tooth treated with different types of antibiotic there was no response but when have given an antibiotic with bioactive agents of this L.E. there was complete cure of the cyst and there was no need for operation which give the possibility of presence of one or more of these (quercitin and quercitrin) active agents act as positive Nanocarrier of the antibiotic to the cyst directly and cure it.
Review on Nanoemulsion: Preparation and Evaluation
Authors: Sadeq Zainab A.
Published: January 2021

Nanoemulsion considers a novel drug delivery system that permits controlled or sustained drug release. It is a dispersion consisting of a surfactant, oil, and clear aqueous phase, kinetically, or thermodynamically stable with droplet diameter 10-100nm. Nanoemulsion applied to increase the solubility and bioavailability of lipophilic drugs; they have many advantages for drug delivery. There are many methods for Nanoemulsion preparation like High –energy emulsification method, Spontaneous Nanoemulsion, Phase inversion temperature (PIT). It applied for many routes of delivery, thus providing a promising effect for many fields such as cosmetics, therapeutic, and biotechnology.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Evolution, Defibrillation Threshold Studies, Docking Studies, Silico Admet Analysis and PER-Metabolism Study of Some New Dihydropyrmidine Derivatives
Authors: Al-Juboori Sahar B.
Published: January 2021

Dihydropyrimidinone and dihydropyrimidine derivatives are reported to possess broad biological activities. Many synthetic samples have been studied as antibacterial, antiviral, and anticancer agents. We decided to synthesize novel compounds of new pyrimidine derivatives.
The present work involves the synthesis of new dihydropyridine derivatives. The starting vanillin, compound (1) was used as the key intermediate to prepare the 5-acetyl-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl pyrimidine-2(1H)-one(2),Ethyl 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (3), 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro quinazoline-2(1H)-one (4), respectively, through the reaction with urea and acetylacetone or ethyl acetoacetate or cyclohexanone but 4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro quinazoline-2(1H)-thione (5) reacted with thiourea and cyclohexanone.
FTIR,1H-NMRand13C-NMR spectroscopy characterized all the synthesized compounds. The synthesized derivatives were screened for their in vitro, antibacterial activity against two gram-positive bacteria: Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus and two gram-negative bacteria: Klebsiella pneumonia and Salmonella typhi and the results showed that most of them have good antibacterial activity. While their antifungal activity against three fungi species: (Aspergillus fumigates, Aspergillus niger, and Rhizopus), revealed that compounds (1-5) displayed the most potent antifungal activity. Density functional theory (
DFT) calculations for the synthesized compounds (1-5) were conducted, using a molecular structure with optimized geometry.
Highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies and structures are demonstrated. The antimicrobial activity indicates that compounds 3 and 4 are the most active than the compounds 2 and 5. Molecular docking revealed that compounds (4) and (5), with cyclohexyl groups are important to block the active centers of glucose -6-phosphate synthase in the bacteria and fungi.
Study of the Antibacterial Activity of Elettaria Cardamomum Extracts on the Growth of Some Gingivitis Inducing Bacteria in Culture Media
Authors: Ghazi Ali M. , Na’ma Ahmed J. , Kshash Qassim H. , Jasim Nafae S.
Published: January 2021

The our work was carried out with an objective to appraisal the antibacterial action of cardamom extracted by four different solvents and prepared in a number of concentrations (50, 100 and 200 mg/mL) toward three different pathogenic bacteria responsible mainly for induce gingivitis infection and comparison their action with the action of antibiotics (Ciprofloxacin (5μg), Ampicillin (30μg) in culture media.
The results of phytochemical profiles for different extracts of cardamom showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and terpenes in all used extracts while flavonoids were present in all extracts except watery extract. Saponins were present only in the ethanolic extract, while phenols were found to be present only in ethanolic and chloroformic extracts.
The antibacterial screening of the different extracts of cardamom and standard antibiotics showed various degrees of zones of inhibition in the culture media depending largely upon the type of plant extract, the concentration of extract in addition to the type of tested bacterial. Almost all the cardamom extracts were found to have significant activity (p less than 0.05) against all tested bacteria com the pared with a negative control. The highest antibacterial potential was observed for the ethanolic cardamom extract, whereas other cardamom extracts showed closed results in general. At the same time, the current study was recorded that inhibition zones diameter against tested bacteria raised significantly (p less than 0.05) as the extract concentration raised.
The MIC values of watery, ethanolic, chloroformic, and acetonic extracts of cardamom ranged from 0.624 to 1.248 mg/mL, 0.078 to 0.312mg/mL, 0.624 to 1.248 and 0.312 to 0.624 mg/mL against tested bacteria respectively. While the MBC values ranged from 1.248 to 10 mg/mL, 0.624 to 2.5 mg/mL, 2.5mg/mL to 5 mg/mL and 2.5mg/mL respectively.
Evaluation of Synergistic Effect of Cytosine-Phosphodiesterbond-Guanosin-Oligodeoxynucleotide 7909, and Protamine on Transfection Process Mediated by Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles
Authors: Al-Ubaidi Ghassaq T. , Abbas Ahmed A. , Taha Ali A. , Sharhan Qasim S. , Ahmed Israa W. , Jasim Ilham A.
Published: January 2021

Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) still the only authenticated vaccine against tuberculosis. Due to its drawbacks, a need for a new formula has emerged. The implication of “Nanovaccinology” is one of the possible alternatives. The non-viral vectors have a low transfection ability. In the context, this work aims to add two adjuvants to a calcium phosphate nanoparticles (CPNPs) functionalized with early secreted antigenic target 6-kilo dalton ( ESAT-6) cloned pcDNA3.1(+) plasmid. ESAT-6 gene is specific to mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) and encodes a T-cell antigen. The adjuvants in practice are Herring protamine and cytosine-phosphodiester bond-guanosine-oligodeoxynucleotide 7909 ( CpG-ODN 7909). Each has a different strategy in enhancing immune response; protamine is particulate adjuvant while CpG is an immunopotentiator substance. Nano complex was transfected into THP-1 monocytic cell line after its activation to a macrophage via 100nM PMA. Cellular immune response, interleukin-12 (IL-12), and tumor necrosis factor –alfa (TNF-ɑ) also ESAT-6 protein production were assayed via the Sandwich ELISA technique. Results revealed that CPNPs offer only partial protection to the adsorbed plasmid against enzymatic degradation. Nano complex formula with two adjuvants resulted in significantly higher cellular immune response comparing to formula carrying one adjuvant. In conclusion, the implication of CPNPs in gene delivery accompanied with two adjuvants each possess different strategy, will result in partial protection to the delivered gene with upsurge cellular immune response.
Development of a Simple Colorimetric Determination of Dexamethasone
Authors: Al-Janabi Khalid Waleed S. , Mahmood Ali Khalil , Luaibi Hasan M.
Published: January 2021

A simple, environmentally benign, cost-effective, and sensitive colorimetric determination for the pharmaceutical drug dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DXP) has been developed by the formation of a colored complex with fluoranil. The process was sensitive and linear over the range 1 to 40 μg/mL, excellent correlation coefficient 0.9989, recovery% 99.80 ± 1.3, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.23 and 0.9 μg/mL, respectively, and good RSD ~1.63%. The experimental conditions were optimized after an intensive study. The approach was validated statistically for the quantification of the analyte in its pure and/or pharmaceutical form. Despite the proposed approach is selective, it still can be applied for the analysis of other pharmaceuticals.
The Effect of the Comparison of Sodium Alginate-Gelatin Levels on Microspheres Characteristics (Produced by Ionic Gelation Method Aerosolized Technique)
Authors: Purwanti Tutiek , Satriawan Rico Andre , Hariyadi Dewi Melani
Published: January 2021

The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of concentration ratio of sodium alginate-gelatin on the characteristics of microspheres. Microspheres were prepared with ionotropic gelation methods aerosolization technique with sodium alginate and gelatin as polymer matrixes, and calcium chloride (1.5 M) as the cross-linker, and then dried using freeze dryer. The concentration ratio of sodium alginate-gelatin that was used to make microsphere was divided into F1: 2.25:0.25%, F2: 1.75:0.75%, and F3: 1.25:1.25%. Resulting microspheres were characterized in terms of characteristics (yield, particle size, and swelling index). The result showed that there was an increase in yield and particle size, as sodium alginate concentration increased on formula. The statistical test showed the concentration ratio of sodium alginate-gelatine showed a significant meaning different from the yield and particle size. The swelling index shows that the swelling peak of microspheres became more quickly with increased sodium alginate concentration.
Effects of Melatonin on Some Bone Mineralization Biomarkers for Overweight or Obese Perimenopause Women; A Possible Role in Osteoporosis Treatment
Authors: Dawood Hiba , Albadran Maysara M. , Aulraman Noor Mohammed , Abdul-Wahhab Renna D. , Shari Falah Hassan
Published: January 2021

Background: Melatonin has shown to play an important role in many physiological functions, but its effects on bone metabolism were not well defined in humans.
Objective: Evaluation of the effects of oral melatonin used for two months on bone mineralization biomarkers for women in perimenopause.
Methods: Interventional double-blind placebo-control study, in which 60 women in perimenopause (age range 46–48) assigned in either control (n = 30) or study (n = 30) group. The last group received 3 mg tablet of melatonin once a day at night for two months. Parameters measured were serum osteocalcin, 25(OH) vitamin D, calcium, and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1).
Result: Melatonin led to significant rise (p less than 0.05) in osteocalcin, serum vitamin D, serum calcium, and CTX-1 as compared with control values.
Conclusion: Melatonin showed positive effects on bone health by a significant increase in some bone mineralization biomarkers.