bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health profile and quality of life of elderly with hypertension
Authors: Vitorino Gabriela Freire de Almeida , Oliveira Mayara Inácio de , Araújo Hirla Vanessa Soares de , Belo Rebeka Maria De Oliveira , Figueirêdo Thaisa Remigio , Bezerra Simone Maria Muniz da Silva
Published: December 2015

Objective: to evaluate the quality of life of hypertensive elderly women in the Family Health Strategy. Method: cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study that evaluated 60 hypertensive older women using the tool World Health Organization Quality of Life with 26 items divided into four domains: social relations, psychological, physical and environment. Results: regarding the quality of life in all domains, except the psychological domain, the quality of life was considered regular. The psychological domain demonstrated a quality of life that needs to improve. Some questions are presented as unsatisfactory, such as the items: pain and discomfort, dependence on antihypertensive medications, negative feelings, lack of health care and recreation. Conclusion: understanding the health profile and the quality of life of hypertensive elderly women allows better knowledge about them and their adaptation to the condition imposed by the disease, offering support for planning care strategies and health education interventions.
The Extent of mRNA Editing Is Limited in Chicken Liver and Adipose, but Impacted by Tissular Context, Genotype, Age, and Feeding as Exemplified with a Conserved Edited Site in COG3
Authors: Roux Pierre-François , Frésard Laure , Boutin Morgane , Leroux Sophie , Klopp Christophe , Djari Anis , Esquerré Diane , Martin Pascal G P , Zerjal Tatiana , Gourichon David , Pitel Frédérique , Lagarrigue Sandrine
Published: December 2015

RNA editing is a posttranscriptional process leading to differences between genomic DNA and transcript sequences, potentially enhancing transcriptome diversity. With recent advances in high-throughput sequencing, many efforts have been made to describe mRNA editing at the transcriptome scale, especially in mammals, yielding contradictory conclusions regarding the extent of this phenomenon. We show, by detailed description of the 25 studies focusing so far on mRNA editing at the whole-transcriptome scale, that systematic sequencing artifacts are considered in most studies whereas biological replication is often neglected and multi-alignment not properly evaluated, which ultimately impairs the legitimacy of results. We recently developed a rigorous strategy to identify mRNA editing using mRNA and genomic DNA sequencing, taking into account sequencing and mapping artifacts, and biological replicates. We applied this method to screen for mRNA editing in liver and white adipose tissue from eight chickens and confirm the small extent of mRNA recoding in this species. Among the 25 unique edited sites identified, three events were previously described in mammals, attesting that this phenomenon is conserved throughout evolution. Deeper investigations on five sites revealed the impact of tissular context, genotype, age, feeding conditions, and sex on mRNA editing levels. More specifically, this analysis highlighted that the editing level at the site located on COG3 was strongly regulated by four of these factors. By comprehensively characterizing the mRNA editing landscape in chickens, our results highlight how this phenomenon is limited and suggest regulation of editing levels by various genetic and environmental factors.
Genetic Mapping of Resistance toMeloidogyne arenariainArachis stenosperma: A New Source of Nematode Resistance for Peanut
Authors: Leal-Bertioli Soraya C M , Moretzsohn Márcio C , Roberts Philip A , Ballén-Taborda Carolina , Borba Tereza C O , Valdisser Paula A , Vianello Rosana P , Araújo Ana Cláudia G , Guimarães Patricia M , Bertioli David J
Published: December 2015

Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne sp.) are a major threat to crops in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The use of resistant crop varieties is the preferred method of control because nematicides are expensive, and hazardous to humans and the environment. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is infected by four species of RKN, the most damaging being M. arenaria, and commercial cultivars rely on a single source of resistance. In this study, we genetically characterize RKN resistance of the wild Arachis species A. stenosperma using a population of 93 recombinant inbred lines developed from a cross between A. duranensis and A. stenosperma. Four quantitative trait loci (QTL) located on linkage groups 02, 04, and 09 strongly influenced nematode root galling and egg production. Drought-related, domestication and agronomically relevant traits were also evaluated, revealing several QTL. Using the newly available Arachis genome sequence, easy-to-use KASP (kompetitive allele specific PCR) markers linked to the newly identified RKN resistance loci were developed and validated in a tetraploid context. Therefore, we consider that A. stenosperma has high potential as a new source of RKN resistance in peanut breeding programs.
Dynamics of Dark-Fly Genome Under Environmental Selections
Authors: Izutsu Minako , Toyoda Atsushi , Fujiyama Asao , Agata Kiyokazu , Fuse Naoyuki
Published: December 2015

Environmental adaptation is one of the most fundamental features of organisms. Modern genome science has identified some genes associated with adaptive traits of organisms, and has provided insights into environmental adaptation and evolution. However, how genes contribute to adaptive traits and how traits are selected under an environment in the course of evolution remain mostly unclear. To approach these issues, we utilize “Dark-fly”, a Drosophila melanogaster line maintained in constant dark conditions for more than 60 years. Our previous analysis identified 220,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Dark-fly genome, but did not clarify which SNPs of Dark-fly are truly adaptive for living in the dark. We found here that Dark-fly dominated over the wild-type fly in a mixed population under dark conditions, and based on this domination we designed an experiment for genome reselection to identify adaptive genes of Dark-fly. For this experiment, large mixed populations of Dark-fly and the wild-type fly were maintained in light conditions or in dark conditions, and the frequencies of Dark-fly SNPs were compared between these populations across the whole genome. We thereby detected condition-dependent selections toward approximately 6% of the genome. In addition, we observed the time-course trajectory of SNP frequency in the mixed populations through generations 0, 22, and 49, which resulted in notable categorization of the selected SNPs into three types with different combinations of positive and negative selections. Our data provided a list of about 100 strong candidate genes associated with the adaptive traits of Dark-fly.
Performances of new isolates of Bifidobacterium on fermentation of soymilk
Authors: Havas Petra , Kun Szilárd , Perger-Mészáros Izabell , Rezessy-Szabó Judit M. , Nguyen Quang D.
Published: December 2015

Growth and metabolic activity of several new, human origin isolates of Bifidobacterium strains were investigated. All tested bifidobacteria strains were grown well on the native soymilk medium without any additional nutrients. The fermentation processes cultured with initial cell concentrations in 105–107 cfu/ml resulted in 108 cfu/ml after 8–12 h of incubation in soymilk, and were kept viable up to the end of fermentation (48 h). Volumetric productivities of B. bifidum B3.2, B. bifidum B7.1 and B. breve B9.14 were 1.6×1010 cfu/L.h, 4.5×1010 cfu/L.h and 7.6×109 cfu/L.h, respectively, whereas these values of B. lactis Bb-12 and B. longum Bb-46 probiotic strains were 2.7×109 cfu/L.h and 1.0×1010 cfu/L.h. The α-galactosidase activities were also detected in the intracellular fraction of the disrupted cells. Productions of lactic and acetic acids were in the range of 23–60 mmol/L and 2.4–5.6 mmol/L, respectively. Molar ratios of acetate to lactate in all tested strains varied from 0.05–0.1 that are very promising for further technological development of probiotic fermented soy-based food products.
Effect of antimicrobial peptides on colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter asburiae
Authors: Kádár Béla , Kocsis Béla , Kristof Katalin , Tóth Ákos , Szabó Dóra
Published: December 2015

In this study susceptibility to different antimicrobial peptides was investigated on colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant identical pulsotype strains of KPC-2 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 as well as colistin-susceptible and colistin-resistant Enterobacter asburiae strains isolated from clinical samples. In our test, bacteria were exposed to 50 mg/ml lactoferrin, lysozyme and protamine — cationic antimicrobial peptides belonging to innate immune system and having structural similarity to polymyxins — in separate reactions. After 18 hours incubation of colonies were counted. 40% of colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae strains and 97% of colistin-susceptible counterpart strains were lysed by protamine whereas 87% and 100% colony forming unit decrease by lysozyme was seen, respectively. In the case of colistin-resistant E. asburiae strains 1 log10 cell count increase were observed after treatment with lysozyme and 1.56 log10 after lactoferrin exposure compared to the initial number whereas the colistin-susceptible showed no relevant cell count increase. Our findings suggest that acquired colistin-resistance in Enterobacteriaceae is associated with tolerance against antimicrobial peptides.
Lyme disease associated neuroretinitis — Case report
Authors: Vanya Melinda , Fejes Imre , Jako Maria , Tula Areta , Terhes Gabriella , Janaky Marta , Bartfai Gyorgy
Published: December 2015

We describe a rare case of Lyme disease complicated by unilateral neuroretinitis in the right eye. We report a case of a 27-year-old woman with blurred vision on her right eye. Because of the suspicion of optic neuritis (multiplex sclerosis) neurological examination was ordered. Surprisingly, computer tomography of the brain revealed incomplete empty sella, which generally results not monocular, but bilateral optic nerve swelling. Opthalmological examination (ophthalmoscopy and optical coherence tomography) indicated not only monocular optic nerve, but retinal oedema next to the temporal part of the right optic disk. Visual evoked potentials (VEP) demonstrated no P100 latency delay and mild differences between the amplitudes of the responses of the left and right eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) demonstrated the swelling of the optic nerve head and oedematous retina at the temporal part of the disk. Suspicion of an inflammatory cause of visual disturbance blood tests was ordered. Doxycycline treatment was ordered till the result of the blood test arrived. The Western blot and ELISA test were positive for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. Following one week corticosteroide and ceftriaxone treatments, the patient displayed a clinical improvement. Unilateral neuroretinitis with optic disk swelling due to neuroborreliosis is a rare complication and in many cases it is difficult to distinguish between inflammatory and ischemic lesions. Further difficulty in the diagnosis can occur when intracranial alterations such as empty sella is demonstrated by CT examination.
Molecular study of Brucellosis in camels by the use of TaqMan® real-time PCR
Authors: Khamesipour Faham , Doosti Abbas , Rahimi Ebrahim
Published: December 2015

Brucellosis is a zoonosis of economic importance that reduces productivity in livestock enterprises as it induces abortion in infected animals. A study was designed aimed at detecting Brucella in blood and lymph node specimens from camels by the use of real-time PCR in Iran. Sample collection and DNA extraction were done on blood (n = 135) and lymph node (n = 135) samples collected from 135 camels (abattoir survey) from both sexes at various ages in different seasons. The real-time PCR for species differentiation was based on unique genetic loci of B. melitensis and B. abortus. The regions were chosen for the construction of primers and TaqMan® probes for species differentiation: BMEII0466 gene for B. melitensis and Bru-Ab2_0168 gene for B. abortus. Brucella spp. were identified in 18 (13.33%) blood samples and 4 (2.97%) lymph node samples. This method showed to be effective in detecting B. abortus and B. melitensis in blood and lymph samples respectively. Brucella abortus was detected in 3 (2.22%) blood samples but was however, not detected in the lymph node samples. Brucella melitensis was only observed in 4 (2.97%) lymph node samples. Significant differences were observed on the blood prevalence of unknown Brucella spp. in different age groups and seasons (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences observed on the prevalence of B. abortus, B. melitensis, unknown Brucella spp. in different age groups, sex and seasons (P > 0.05). Therefore, Brucella was detected in apparent healthy camels slaughtered at an abattoir in Iran and this recommends the significance of the detection of Brucella in camels, since the infected camels appear to be healthy.
The acute muscular effects of cycling with and without different degrees of blood flow restriction
Authors: Kim D , Loenneke JP , Thiebaud RS , Abe T , Bemben MG
Published: December 2015

The aim was to compare the acute effects of work matched high intensity (75% peak aerobic capacity) aerobic exercise to low intensity (40% peak aerobic capacity) aerobic exercise with different degrees of blood flow restriction (BFR) [40% estimated arterial occlusion (40 BFR) and 60% estimated arterial occlusion (60 BFR)] on variables previously hypothesized to be important for muscle adaptation. There were no meaningful changes in torque. Anterior thigh muscle thickness was increased from baseline with high intensity cycling and 40 BFR (~2 mm increase, p ≤ 0.008). A significant increase in lactate occurred in all exercise conditions but was greatest with high intensity cycling (~5.4 mmol/L increase). Muscle activation was significantly higher with high intensity cycling compared to low intensity cycling with BFR, regardless of pressure (~25% vs. ~12% MVC). Mean power frequency was not different between conditions but did increase from the first 5 minutes of exercise to the last 5 minutes (93% vs. 101%, p < 0.001). Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were higher with high intensity cycling but discomfort was similar between conditions. We wish to suggest that high intensity cycling produces greater muscular stress than that observed with work matched low intensity cycling in combination with BFR.
ACE and ACTN3 genes polymorphisms among female Hungarian athletes in the aspect of sport disciplines
Authors: Bosnyák E , Trájer E , Udvardy A , Komka Z , Protzner A , Kováts T , Györe I , Tóth M , Pucsok J , Szmodis M
Published: December 2015

The aim of the study was to determine the importance of two sport-associated gene polymorphisms, alpha-actinin-3 R577X (ACTN3) and angiotensin-converting enzyme I/D (ACE), among Hungarian athletes in different sports. The examination was carried out only on women (n = 100). Sport-specific groups were formed in order to guarantee the most homogeneous clusters. Human genomic DNA was isolated from blood, and genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction. To measure the differences between the participating groups, Chi-squared test was performed using Statistica 9.0 for Windows® (significance level: p < 0.05). In comparing the ACE I/D allele frequencies, significant difference was detected between water polo (I = 61.11%; D = 38.89%) and combat sports (I = 35.71%, D = 64.29%) athletes (p < 0.03). There was no statistical difference when ACE I/D alleles in combat sports and kayaking/rowing (p > 0.05) were compared. A similarity was detectable in the I allele frequencies of the water polo (61.11%) and kayaking/rowing (56.67%) groups. The ACTN3 R/X polymorphism showed no differences in comparison with the sport groups. R allele frequencies were higher in every group compared to the X allele. The potential significance of the ACE I allele in sports of an aerobic nature was not clearly confirmed among Hungarian athletes.
Polar OwnIndex is not a reliable indicator of aerobic training status
Authors: Köteles F , Dömötör Z , Berkes T , Szemerszky R
Published: December 2015

Polar watches with heart rate monitoring function have become popular among recreational and professional athletes. In addition to monitoring functions, they calculate a specific index called OwnIndex which is claimed to measure aerobic training status. The current research attempted to shed light on the factors determining the OwnIndex. In Study 1, OwnIndex calculated by the RS-400 Polar watch was estimated using anthropometric (gender, age, height, weight), cardiovascular (resting HR, RMSSD), and exercise-related (maximal oxygen uptake, self-reported physical activity) data of 45 young adults. In Study 2, the OwnIndex was measured in 21 young adults twice, first with self-reported physical activity set to the lowest, then to the highest value. In the regression analysis (Study 1), the only significant predictor of OwnIndex was self-reported physical activity (R2 = 0.883; β = 0.915, p < 0.001). A significant difference with a large effect size (t(20) = −16.657, p <0.001, d = 3.635) and no significant correlation (r = −0.32; p = 0.155) were found between the OwnIndices calculated with different levels of activity in Study 2. As anthropometric and cardiac variables play a practically negligible role in the calculation of the OwnIndex, it cannot be considered an appropriate measure of aerobic fitness.
Gambling disorder in financial markets: Clinical and treatment-related features
Authors: Shin Young-Chul , Choi Sam-Wook , Ha Juwon , Choi Jung-Seok , Kim Dai-Jin
Published: December 2015

Background and Aims

To date, few studies have examined the clinical manifestation of disordered gamblers in financial markets. This study examined the differences in the clinical and treatment-related features of gambling disorder between financial markets and horse races.

Methods

Subjects who met the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling (PG) and who sought treatment were assessed by retrospective chart review. One hundred forty-four subjects were included in this sample, which consisted of the following groups: financial markets (n = 45; 28.6%) and horse races (n = 99; 71.4%).

Results

Multiple similar manifestations were found between the groups, including severity of PG, age of PG onset, amounts of gambling debts, drinking days per week, depressive mood, duration of seeking treatment after the onset of PG, and treatment follow-up duration. However, disordered gamblers who invested in the financial market were significantly more likely to be educated (p = 0.003), live with their spouses (p = 0.007), have full-time jobs (p = 0.006), and they were more likely to participate in the first type of gambling than the horse races group (p<0.001). Furthermore, the financial markets group received the anti-craving medication less often than the horse races group (p = 0.04).

Discussion and Conclusions

These findings suggest that disordered gamblers in financial markets show different socio-demographic, clinical and treatment-related features compared with the horse race gamblers, despite a similar severity of gambling disorder. Understanding these differential manifestations may provide insight into prevention and treatment development for specific types of gambling.
A study on the relationship between compulsive exercise, depression and anxiety
Authors: Weinstein Aviv , Maayan Gavriel , Weinstein Yitzhak
Published: December 2015

Background and Aims

Exercise and physical activity are beneficial both physically and psychologically but a few individuals use exercise excessively resulting in physical and even psychological damage. There is evidence for bi-directional relationship between exercise with depression and anxiety showing that exercise can reduce anxiety and depression, whereas a lack of exercise is associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression.

Methods

This study used questionnaires assessing compulsive exercise, anxiety and depression among 20 professional regular exercisers and 51 recreational regular exercisers.

Results

Results showed that ratings of compulsive exercise were associated with ratings of anxiety and depression among individuals who exercise for professional and recreational purpose. Secondly, individuals who exercise for professional purpose were more depressed than individuals who exercise for recreational purpose, but did not exhibit higher trait anxiety ratings. Thirdly, individuals who exercise for recreational purpose showed an association between ratings of compulsive exercise and depression but not with ratings of trait anxiety.

Discussion

Individuals who exercise for professional and recreational purpose may use it as a means for alleviating depression and anxiety although this small sample of recreational and professional sportsmen showed clinical levels of anxiety and depression that may require further clinical treatment.
How should severity be determined for the DSM-5 proposed classification of Hypersexual Disorder?
Authors: Reid Rory C.
Published: December 2015

Background and Aims

The concept of severity among providers working with hypersexual behavior is frequently used despite a lack of consensus about how severity should be operationalized. The paucity of dialogue about severity for hypersexual behavior is disconcerting given its relevance in determining level of care, risk, allocation of resources, and measuring treatment outcomes in clinical practice and research trials. The aim of the current article is to highlight several considerations for assessing severity based on the proposed DSM-5 criteria for hypersexual disorder.

Methods

A review of current conceptualizations for severity among substance-use disorders and gambling disorder in the DSM-5 were considered and challenged as lacking applicability or clinical utility for hypersexual behavior.

Results and conclusions

The current research in the field of hypersexual behavior is in its infancy. No concrete approach currently exists to assess severity in hypersexual populations. Several factors in operationalizing severity are discussed and alternative approaches to defining severity are offered for readers to consider.
Distinguishing between gaming and gambling activities in addiction research
Authors: King Daniel L. , Gainsbury Sally M. , Delfabbro Paul H. , Hing Nerilee , Abarbanel Brett
Published: December 2015

Background and Aims

Gambling and gaming activities have become increasingly recognised as sharing many common features at a structural and aesthetic level. Both have also been implicated as contributing to harm through excessive involvement. Despite this, relatively little attention has been given to the fundamental characteristics that differentiate these two classes of activity, especially in situations where the boundaries between them may be particularly hard to distinguish. This is evident, for example, in digital games that incorporate free and paid virtual currencies or items, as well as the capacity for wagering. Such overlaps create problems for regulatory classifications, screening, diagnosis and treatment. Is the problem related to the gambling or gaming content?

Methods

In this paper, we review the principal sources of overlap between the activity classes in terms of several dimensions: interactivity, monetisation, betting and wagering, types of outcomes, structural fidelity, context and centrality of content, and advertising.

Results

We argue that gaming is principally defined by its interactivity, skill-based play, and contextual indicators of progression and success. In contrast, gambling is defined by betting and wagering mechanics, predominantly chance-determined outcomes, and monetisation features that involve risk and payout to the player. A checklist measure is provided, with practical examples, to examine activities according to features of design and function, which may inform guidelines for policy makers, researchers and treatment providers.

Discussion and conclusions

We suggest that, in some instances, using category-based nomenclature (e.g., “gambling-like game”) may be too vague or cumbersome to adequately organise our understanding of new gaming/gambling hybrid activities.
The Influence of the Soil Water Content in the Soil-Tool DEM Model
Authors: Tamás Kornél , Jóri István J.
Published: December 2015

The Discrete Element Method (DEM) for describing the action mechanism between soil and sweep tool can be used to perform a detailed analysis of draft force, soil cutting, clod-crushing and loosening by taking into account the tillage speed and the three soil phases. This study describes the simulation of the 3D DEM soil model and a cultivator sweep digitized with a 3D scanner, showing the soil—sweep interaction as a function of implement draft force and implement operating speed.

The suitability of the model is validated by comparing the results of laboratory and simulated shear tests (static validation) with the results of soil bin tests (dynamic validation). The mechanical parameters of the sandy soil used for the soil bin tests were measured using the direct shear box test. Cohesion for the soil model used during simulations was set using the parallel bond contact model, where the determining factors were the Young modulus for particle contact (Ec) and bonding (Ēc), the Poisson’s ratio (nu), the normal (σ) and shear (τ) bond strength and the radius of the related volume (cylinder). Once the DEM model parameters were set, the draft force values measured during dynamic testing were harmonized using the value for viscous damping (ci).

The dynamic soil—sweep model was validated using the viscous damping applied based on the simulated and measured draft force values. The validation of the Young modulus to 0.55e6 Pa (Kn = 1.73e4 N/m, Ks = 8.64e3 N/m) enabled us to set the draft force values of the model for different speeds (0.8–4.1 m/s) with an accuracy of 1–4%.

During the analysis of changes in tillage quality, the developed dynamic soil—sweep model showed a high degree of porosity (48%) due to grubbing in the attenuated speed range (0.5–2.1 m/s), and a decreasing tendency (0.41–0.39%) in the non-damped speed range (2.1–4.1 m/s). After the initial equilibrium state, the ratio of average particle contacts for the given porosity decreased in the attenuated speed range (coord number: 4.8), and a slight decrease was also found above speeds of 2.1 m/s (coord number: 5.2). In the model, clod-crushing was examined based on the ratio of sliding contacts, and we found a continuous increase (sliding fraction: 2–15%) in the speed range used for the simulation (0.8–4.1 m/s).
Fish, southernmost record of Astyanax pampa (Ostariophysi, Characiformes, Characidae)
Authors: Pérez Cristian Hernán Fulvio
Published: December 2015

None
Reptilia, Gekkonidae, Hemidactylus mabouia, Tarentola mauritanica: distribution extension and anthropogenic dispersal
Authors: Baldo Diego , Borteiro Claudio , Brusquetti Francisco , García José Eduardo , Prigioni Carlos
Published: December 2015

None
Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Sphaenorhynchus caramaschii: distribution extension in state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Almeida Silvio Cesar de , Maffei Fábio , Rolim Daniel Contieri , Ubaid Flávio Kulaif , Jim Jorge
Published: December 2015

None
Mollusca, Gastropoda, Ellobiidae, Carychium minimum, and Ferussaciidae, Cecilioides acicula: Distribution extension and first provincial records of two introduced land snails in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Forsyth Robert G. , Oldham Michael J. , Schueler Frederick W.
Published: December 2015

None
Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Osteocephalus leprieurii: distribution extension
Authors: Santana Diego José , São-Pedro Vinicius De Avelar , Costa Henrique Caldeira , Feio Renato Neves
Published: December 2015

None
Amphibia, Anura, Cycloramphidae, Macrogenioglottus alipioi: distribution extension, state of São Paulo and Alagoas, Brazil
Authors: Tiburcio Ingrid Caroline Soares , Lisboa Barnagleison Silva , Haddad Célio Fernando Baptista
Published: December 2015

None
Geogrid pullout behaviour according to the experimental evaluation of the active length
Authors: Cardile G. , Moraci N. , Calvarano L. S.
Published: December 2015

In reinforced earth structures, the main function of the included reinforcement is to redistribute stresses within the soil mass in order to enhance internal stability. Redistribution of internal stresses in reinforced soil can be very complex. In order to simulate the behaviour of geosynthetic reinforcement, large-scale laboratory pullout tests are carried out. Once a pullout load has been applied, the tensile force is transferred along the geogrid (from the front to the free end) and reduced through interaction with the soil. The active length is the portion of the geogrid on which the mobilisation of interaction mechanisms withstands the applied pullout load. Evaluation of the active length can allow for the understanding of the interaction mechanisms and can therefore be important for the design of the soil–geosynthetic interface. This paper describes the interpretation of pullout test results based on an experimental and theoretical evaluation of the active length. This approach has been used to analyse several large-scale pullout tests performed on two extruded geogrids embedded in a compacted granular soil, varying the specimen lengths and the applied effective vertical pressures.
A Study on Awareness of Korea Tourism through Big Data Analysis
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Oh Ick-Keun , Lee Tae-Sook , Chon Chae-Nam
Published: December 2015

The objective of this study is to examine tourists’ awareness of tourism through SNS big data. For this, this study collected data containing ‘tourism/travel’ keywords from web pages, blogs and news on Naver, Daum and Google during one year from January 1 through December 31, 2014. Data were collected by using TEXTOM, a data collecting and processing program and from those data, degree centrality, closeness centrality, betweenness centrality and eigenvector centrality were analyzed by utilizing packaged NetDraw along with UCINET. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the web visibility of foreign and domestic tourist destinations was high. In addition, the result showed that the web visibility was also high for tourism types such as family trip, free-style trip, overseas trip and honeymoon; overnight tourism; and tour itinerary such as two nights and three days, three nights and four days. Except this, tourism safety, tourism week, Tour Doorae(tourism cooperative group) and Haemi-eup Fortress were included and social and environmental tourism characteristics in 2014 were identified. It is expected that this diagnosis on awareness of tourism according to changes in domestic tourism environment by using these social media will be a foundation of baseline data useful for establishing tourism marketing strategies.
Research Trend of Cruise tourism in South Korea: Systematic Review Approach
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Lee Hyun-Ju , Lee Kyong-Mo
Published: December 2015

Being a fast-growing sub-category of tourism, South Korea's cruise tourism continues developing both as a business and as a scientific domain. The aim of this research is to deliver comprehensive synopsis of cruise-related research, which will serve as a starting point and reference for future researchers, with a hope of initiating a constructive and reflective discussion about the progress of cruise tourism research. Mainstream bibliographic databases were systematically reviewed, resulting to a collection of 82 cruise-related articles published between 1998 and 2014. The articles have been analysed in a descriptive manner and categorized in accordance with the research paradigm to obtain an impression of the type and scope. In order to create a holistic knowledge based on cruise-related research in a domestic setting, thematic analysis―an interpretative aggregation of the collected material―was employed. Apart from providing an in-depth review of research trend on cruise-related research, discussion on relevance of topics and research direction for the future research was also proposed.
Who Shares Travel Information on Social Media?: A Study of Travel Information Sharing Behaviors according to Narcissistic Propensity
Authors:   The Tourism Sciences Society Of Korea, Han Jin-Seong , Lee Ye-Jin , Yoon Ji-Hwan
Published: December 2015

As phenomenon of continuing development of social media lasts, many users are posting their travel-related experiences, opinions and thoughts on one’s social media and sharing it with others based on various purposes. In accordance with this flow, many studies are developing their understandings about usages of social media, but most studies only focused on the advantages of social media and not truly considered the users psychological perspectives that 'who' and 'why' people share travel information. Therefore, this study adapted NPI(Narcissistic Personality Inventory) which usually applied in psychological study to deeply understand the individual's self-presentation propensity regarding narcissism. The results of this study shows that users with high narcissistic propensity have higher self-reinforcement motivation, sharing attitude, sharing intention than the lowers. Although this study only focused on narcissistic propensity, this gives insight to stakeholder related to tourism industry to make better understandings on this phenomenon.
Competencia y compartimiento emocional en usuarios de cocaína: Psicometría y relación con variables sociodemográficas y clínicas
Authors: Corona-Figueroa Beatriz A ,   Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, México., Robles-García Rebeca , Meda-Lara Rosa M , Fresán Orellana Ana , Cruz-Maycott José Andrés Horacio ,   Dirección de investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz.,   Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, México.,   Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz.,   Servicio de Psiquiatría, Hospital Español de México IAP.
Published: December 2015

Resumen

Introducción. Existe evidencia de relación entre factores emocionales y el consumo de drogas. Sin embargo, al menos la competencia emocional y el compartimiento social de las emociones en usuarios de cocaína no han sido estudiados con anterioridad, en parte debido a la reciente generación de las herramientas para su medición.

Objetivo. Evaluar las características psicométricas de la Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto (EAT), el Cuestionario de Competencias Emocionales (CEMO), y el Cuestionario de Creencias sobre los efectos de Compartimiento Social de Emociones (CCSE) en pacientes mexicanos usuarios de cocaína, así como establecer su relación con variables socio-demográficas y clínicas.

Método. Los instrumentos fueron completados junto con las Escalas de Afectividad Positiva (AP) y Negativa (AN) en dos ocasiones por 158 pacientes usuarios de cocaína.

Resultados. Las tres escalas mostraron coeficientes alpha superiores a .70. La EAT y el CEMO presentaron alta estabilidad temporal a quince días. La AN se asoció positivamente con la EAT y negativamente con el CEMO. La AP se correlacionó negativamente con la EAT y positivamente con el CEMO y el CCSE. El 50.9% de los pacientes presentaron una dificultad relevante en la identificación y la expresión de sus emociones, que se relacionó de forma negativa con la escolaridad.

Discusión y conclusión. Se sugiere necesaria la sistematización de la evaluación y el tratamiento de las dificultades en la expresión emocional de usuarios de cocaína. Las versiones en español de las escalas evaluadas en este estudio resultaron válidas y confiables para su uso clínico y de investigación en pacientes mexicanos usuarios de cocaína.
Acculturative trajectories descriptions and implications for health among 12 Mexican deported women who inject drugs
Authors: Rodriguez-Montejano Silvia ,   BA in Psychology, Master in Public Health Graduate Program of the Universidad Autonoma de Baja California (UABC)., Ojeda Victoria D , Valles-Medina Ana M , Vargas-Ojeda Adriana ,   University of California (UCSD), Div. of Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, UCSD School of Medicine.,   School of Medicine and Psychology of the UABC.
Published: December 2015

Abstract

Introduction. Between 1999-2007, the U.S. deported 4.8 million migrants to Mexico; of these, 1.1 million migrants were deported to the border city of Tijuana, Baja California. Deportees are often returned to unfamiliar communities where they may experience emotional and socioeconomic stressors that may raise their risk for engaging in unsafe behaviors.

Objective. This exploratory study describes adaptation to the post-deportation environment among Mexican-born injection drug-using women.

Method. In 2008, we conducted qualitative interviews in Tijuana with 12 women reporting U.S. deportation. Our analytic framework focused on acculturation stress, adaptation and social capital in relation to HIV risk, considering a gender perspective.

Results. We found that the stress caused by the deportation experience and acclimating to the post-deportation community may have contributed to the women’s participation in high-risk HIV behaviors (e.g., unprotected sex, sex work). Female deportees reported limited access to post-deportation social capital resources (e.g., social support, healthy social networks). Social factors (e.g., discrimination, lack of a government identification) challenged women’s resettlement and likely contributed to economic and health vulnerabilities.

Discussion and conclusion. These preliminary findings suggest that deportees may benefit from organized services at repatriation, including mental health screening. Macro-level interventions that address stigma and facilitate deportees’ economic integration may help stem engagement in risk behaviors.
El consumo de inhalables en las prácticas de socialidad de dos grupos de estudiantes de secundarias públicas
Authors: Vega Leticia ,   Dirección de investigaciones Epidemiológicas y Psicosociales, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz., Gutiérrez Rafael , Rodríguez Eva Ma , Fuentes de Iturbe Patricia
Published: December 2015

Resumen

Introducción. La extensión del consumo de inhalables hacia distintas poblaciones de México ocurre en el macrocontexto de la legalidad y la deficiente regulación sanitaria y policial de dichas sustancias, así como su gran disponibilidad y bajo costo, en combinación con los efectos placenteros de su inhalación, los cuales varían según el contexto y los usuarios.

Objetivo. Aquí se describen las prácticas de coconstrucción de los contextos de consumo de inhalables. También, los efectos de éstos en dos grupos de estudiantes mexicanos de educación secundaria.

Método. Se utilizó la metodología de la photo elicitation, analizando, en grupos de discusión, dos videograbaciones producidas por los mismos estudiantes, en las que consumen inhalables.

Resultados. Se realizó la categorización teórica de los datos con el software Atlas.ti. Se encontró que, a pesar de que los estudiantes inhalan tolueno, sólo una de las estudiantes experimentó mareo y dolor de cabeza, en tanto que otra compañera se sintió somnolienta. Sin embargo, el segundo video muestra que los estudiantes experimentaron la prendidez (euforia, desinhibición afectiva) y alucinaciones. El mareo, el dolor y la somnolencia parecen determinados mayormente por el consumo de tolueno y alcohol, pero los efectos disímiles, por la socialidad de los contextos de consumo del inhalable, la subjetivación de los estudiantes y su veteranía en el consumo.

Discusión y conclusión. Se discute que los estudiantes prefieren el consumo de inhalables porque la “prendidez” fortalece su socialidad. Se concluye que conviene desalentar el consumo de inhalables incorporando la agencia y la subjetivación juvenil, sin desatender los factores macrosociales de la producción, comercialización y regulación de los inhalables.
Michel Houellebecq : un homme, une (sou)mission
Authors: Smeets Marc
Published: December 2015

Michel Houellebecq, l’auteur le plus controversé de la littérature française contemporaine, semble s’astreindre à une seule et unique mission : celle d’être « vrai » à n’importe quel prix. Observateur et peintre de la société actuelle dans tous ses états, l’auteur de Soumission s’inscrit dans une tradition littéraire qui remonte au XIXe siècle, prolongeant ainsi les fictions de Balzac, de Zola et de Huysmans. De ses prédécesseurs Houellebecq hérite d’un certain goût pour la controverse, talent qui fait naturellement la pluie et le beau temps dans la presse. Le rôle que jouent la documentation et la figure du célibataire permet de situer l’écrivain dans le sillage de la tradition réalistico-naturaliste.
Análisis de formatos de consentimiento informado en Colombia. Problemas ético-legales y dificultades en el lenguaje
Authors: Escobar López María Teresa , Novoa Torres Edgar
Published: December 2015

En Colombia, el consentimiento informado surgió en la atención médica hospitalaria, siguiendo las mismas trayectorias y recorridos de otros países, y apelando a la autonomía individual. En un comienzo se extendió a otras áreas y especialidades médicas no hospitalarias involucrando otras profesiones, sobre todo en las dos últimas décadas.

Aparece fundamentalmente como una exigencia legal y básicamente como documento escrito, en el contexto de sociedades cada vez más autónomas que exigen derechos y decisiones sobre su salud, cuerpo y vida. Este escrito presenta los principales resultados de la investigación sobre formatos de consentimiento informado usados para procedimientos frecuentes en la atención en salud, en la cual se buscó determinar el cumplimiento de 28 categorías consideradas imprescindibles y 8 deseables. Categorías dadas según la normatividad colombiana en cuanto a los parámetros sugeridos a nivel internacional para documentos de consentimiento informado (CI) y la teoría en bioética. También se analizó el tipo de lenguaje utilizado en su elaboración para tratar de establecer si era experto (técnico) o cotidiano, con el objetivo de identificar dificultades respecto a la información suministrada en los documentos. Se revisó, además, la presencia o ausencia de las categorías y el uso del lenguaje en 80 formatos de uso frecuente (151 folios) de 22 instituciones (hospitales, empresas promotoras de salud [EPS] e institución prestadora de servicios de salud [IPS]), en 13 actividades clínicas diferentes. 
Voluntades anticipadas al final de la vida. Una aproximación desde la regulación colombiana y en el derecho comparado
Authors: Bolívar Góez Piedad Lucía , Gómez Córdoba Ana Isabel
Published: December 2015

La relación de los profesionales de la salud con los pacientes tiene como piedra angular el respeto del derecho de las personas a autodeterminarse, a tomar decisiones libres e informadas respecto a su vida, salud y cuerpo. El final de la vida es uno de los más importantes momentos vitales en el cual es definitivo garantizar que el paciente pueda tomar una serie de decisiones sobre múltiples aspectos, como son el deseo o no de ser informado, aceptar o no medidas terapéuticas y de cuidado paliativo, rechazar aquellas que son fútiles, definir quién puede acceder a sus datos clínicos o quién representara su voluntad.; esto con el fin de proteger su derecho a una muerte digna. No obstante, en esta parte de la vida es frecuente que el paciente se encuentre aquejado por patologías que alteran su competencia para decidir, lo cual nos obliga a recurrir a instrumentos que protejan y proyecten su autonomía en el tiempo, como es el caso de las voluntades anticipadas. En Colombia, dos importantes regulaciones han tratado este tema recientemente: la Ley 1733 de 2014 y la Resolución 1216 del 20 de abril del 2015.

El presente artículo pretende, con una perspectiva bioética y jurídica, analizar distintos aspectos de las voluntades anticipadas en Colombia, teniendo como hilo conductor el derecho comparado, de tal forma que permita establecer las condiciones requeridas para garantizar la eficacia y la validez de estas, y determinar los titulares de este derecho y el alcance y la exigibilidad de dichas voluntades.
Implicancias bioéticas y neuroéticas del cambio climático y sus efectos sobre la salud
Authors: Gorga Marcelo
Published: December 2015

Los riesgos para la salud asociados al cambio climático son múltiples y afectan particularmente a aquellas poblaciones en condiciones de pobreza. Con base en la lectura y análisis crítico de publicaciones científicas vinculadas al cambio climático y la salud, en este artículo se propone el objetivo de responder a la pregunta acerca de qué valores y derechos humanos podría estar problematizando el cambio climático en relación con el ser humano.

     Los determinantes de salud generados por el cambio climático limitarían potencialmente las capacidades humanas, entendidas por Martha Nussbaum como manifestación de la libertad humana para ser y hacer.

     También se menciona el pensamiento de Hans Jonas en relación con la necesidad de tener temor por las consecuencias de una falta de acción. Se concluye, finalmente, que los profundos cambios contextuales asociados al cambio climático deberían promover la pregunta acerca de sus potenciales efectos a nivel del neurodesarrollo de los niños que viven en zonas de desastres asociados a este. Simultáneamente, en una perspectiva donde convergen la bioética y la neuroética, el cambio climático resaltaría la responsabilidad que los seres humanos individual y colectivamente tenemos en la construcción de las condiciones presentes y futuras del desarrollo infantil, y particularmente cuando este se da en condiciones de pobreza.
Effect of processing on the protection of highly degradable protein sources in steers
Authors: Kumar M. Yugandhar , Ravi A.
Published: December 2015

The effect of heat treatment (125°C for 3 m), formaldehyde treatment (3.4g /100 g CP) or extrusion cooking on the protein disappearance and the effective protein degradability (EPD) of protein sources such as babul seed meal, coconut cake, dried poultry waste, guar meal, mustard cake, rape seed meal and tobacco seed cake in the rumen was studied by nylon bag technique using 4 fistulated steers fed at maintenance ration. Formaldehyde treatment was highly effective in reducing the EPD of babul seed meal, mustard cake, rape seed meal and tobacco seed cake. Heat treatment was effective in protecting the protein of rape seed meal, mustard cake and coconut cake. The effect of extrusion cooking in reducing EPD was low (5.96%) as compared to 31.8% in heat treatment and 39.2% in formaldehyde treatment. The dried poultry waste and guar meal were found to be resistant to different processing methods employed. Method of processing did not influence the nitrogen content of protein sources as there was no loss or gain in nitrogen content due to processing.