bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluasi Keterlaksanaan Gerakan Literasi Sekolah dalam Persiapan Assesemen Kompetensi Minimum pada Program Kampus Mengajar 2 di SDN Sugihrejo 03
Authors: Astutik Lia , Purnamasari Iin , Rofian Rofian
Published: November 2022

The low interest in reading in elementary school students at this time so that it is necessary to get used to reading 15 minutes every day before learning begins. The School Literacy Movement plays an important role in institutions because reading activities can provoke students to read so that it will increase students' reading interest in each school. This research method uses a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were obtained from carrying out observations or observations, interviews with the Principal and 6 Class Teachers and filling out an open questionnaire. Based on research, the implementation of the School Literacy Movement has been going well, although not optimally, and there are differences and similarities that have been prepared or strategies from classroom teachers to increase students' reading interest. The method used by low grade and high grade teachers. The impact of the School Literacy Movement experienced by students during the habit of reading 15 minutes before learning begins. facilities and infrastructure in schools to support the School Literacy Movement program, namely a library equipped with a reading corner and interesting illustrated reading books.
Studi Komparatif Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Kopi Secara Konvensional dan Sambung Pucuk
Authors: Fahlevi Aguslim , Holidi Holidi , Wartono
Published: November 2022

Usaha untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kopi adalah dengan menggunakan teknologi sambung pucuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pertumbuhan dan produksi Kopi Budidaya Secara Konvensional dan Sambung Pucuk. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Rimbah Candi Kecamatan Dempo Tengah Kota Pagar Alam Provinsi Sumatra Selatan dengan ketinggian tempat 1300 mdpl, pada bulan September  sampai dengan November 2021. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode survei dengan penentuan lokasi secara sengaja.  Data yang di kumpulkan dalam penelitian ini berupa data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari pengamatan langsung ke perkebunan kopi dan wawancara ke petani sedangkan data sekunder di peroleh dari lembaga intansi terkait dangan penelitian ini, seperti BMKG. Parameter pengamatan yaitu  tinggi tanaman, diameter tajuk, berat biji kopi, berat biji kopi kering, dan hasil produksi per batang. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pertumbuhan dan produksi kopi sambung pucuk lebih baik dari kopi konvensional kenaikan tingkat produksi sebanyak 26 %, produksi rata-rata kopi sambung pucuk 4,01 kg sedangkan kopi kopi konvensional 3,04 kg.  Untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kopi perlu dilakukan metode sambung pucuk.
Moral Transformation, Identity, and Practice
Authors: Phillips-Garrett Carissa ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: November 2022

Standard ways of conceptualizing moral development and measuring pedagogical interventions in ethics classes privilege the growth of moral judgment over moral sensitivity, moral motivation, and moral habits by too often conflating improvement in moral judgment with holistic moral development. I argue here that if we care about students’ construction and cultivation of their ethical selves, our assessment design principles ought to take seriously the transformative possibilities of philosophy as a way of life and be based on a more robust and holistic account of moral development. I illustrate these principles of assessment design through an examination of the Character Project, which I created to help students engage in their own deliberate ethical transformation through self-directed, individualized, and concentrated practice. Finally, I conclude with a discussion about how to appropriately and fairly assess this kind of deeply personal learning.
High level of SMN1 in esophageal cancer predicts poor prognosis: An analysis based on TCGA data
Authors: HUANG Shan , CHEN Xuehua , WANG Yaqun , ZHU Mengyuan , LI Weichao , PAN Xiaofen
Published: November 2022

The important of survival motor neurone gene (SMN) was first realized when deletions or mutations in the SMN1 gene were found to cause Spinal Muscular Atrophy(SMA).But the relationship of SMN1 and cancers was not clear. In our study, We evaluated the role of SMN1 in esophageal cancer using publicly available data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). we found that high level of SMN1 in esophageal cancer predicted poor prognosis. SMN1 expression may be a potential prognostic molecular marker of poor survival in esophageal cancer, Moreover, proteasome pathway and phosphatidylinositol signaling system regulated by SMN1 in esophageal cancer.
Taking care of 55 cases of snakebite committed by Trimeresurus stejnegeri
Authors: QIU Tingting , CHAI Hua , HUANG Xuanjie
Published: November 2022

To summarize the nursing experience of 55 cases of Trimeresurus stejnegeri snakebites. A review of 55 cases of snake bites received by our hospital as a designated snake bite hospital, Give emergency treatment and wound care. Nursing critical points included: Partial wound closure treatment, Observation and management of wounds and injured limbs, the anti-venom medicine should be used as early as possible, mental health care, and health promotion; after a series of nursing care, the patients were all cured and released from the hospital.
Analysis of the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine fasting therapy in relieving type 2 diabetes: a case report
Authors: LU Fangying , RUAN ZhiJia , CHEN Hongda , QIN Jian
Published: November 2022

Traditional Chinese medicine fasting therapy is a new, safe and effective clinical therapy. Because it can reduce weight and insulin resistance and alleviate diabetes symptoms, it can be used to treat type 2 diabetes with obesity, metabolic syndrome and other diseases. To promote people's understanding of traditional Chinese medicine fasting therapy, this case report reports the treatment process of a patient with type 2 diabetes who underwent traditional Chinese medicine fasting therapy, and discusses the efficacy and some adverse reactions.
Flail leg syndrome misdiagnosed as inflammatory myopathy a case report
Authors: CHEN Hongda , CHEN Ying , CHEN Shuda , YE Chenghui
Published: November 2022

Objective: To investigate the development and clinical characteristics of flail leg syndrome (FLS) and improve clinicians’ recognition ability of the disease. \quad Method：We reviewed the clinical data, electromyography, cerebrospinal fluid test, and lumbar MRI of a patient diagnosed with flail leg syndrome(FLS) in the seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. \quad Results: Clinical symptoms of the patient limited in both lower limbs, including asymmetric distal muscle weakness and atrophy with conceal onset and slow development. There were also occurrences of increased tendon reflexes and muscle soreness as the disease progressing. Electromyography showed that the amplitude of motor nerve conduction of both lower limbs decreased even disappeared，indicating neurogenic injury.In addition, patient’s blood creatine kinase level was found slightly increased. \quad Conclusion: Flail leg syndrome is a variant type of ALS. It is relatively rare in clinical practice and usually shows slow progress. This case study would be helpful for clinicians to improve the diagnostic ability of FLS.
Nursing Care of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fasting Therapy In Hemophilia Arthritis Patients
Authors: WANG Qing
Published: November 2022

Review the nursing plan of 6 patients with hemophilia arthritis treated by Chinese medicine fasting therapy in Traditional Chinese Medicine Department from 2019 to 2021, the author summarize the nursing experiences of nursing plan, health education, coagulation factor infusion nursing, rehabilitation functional exercise nursing during the treatment , in order to improve the nursing and treatment effect of hemophilia arthritis patients by the treatment of Chinese medicine fasting therapy, and we can promote the recovery of patients and enhance the quality of life.
Lactate/Albumin Ratio Could be a Prognostic Indicator for Patients with Post-operative Intestinal Obstruction
Authors: Wang Chunfei , Li Yide , Yao Menjing , Mo Weisheng
Published: November 2022

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the value of lactate/albumin ratio in prediction of mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with post-operative intestinal obstruction. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted with patient data from the eICU Collaborative Research Database (eICU-CRD). According to the outcome, the patients with post-operative intestinal obstruction who were admitted to ICU within 24 hours after surgery were separated into two groups: survivors (233 cases) and non-survivors (35 cases). Their clinical characteristics and scoring data were collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors for death, and these risk factors were further included for the construction of the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to evaluate the predictive value of death for these patients. Results: In-hospital mortality for patients admitted to ICU with post-operative intestinal obstruction was 13.1% (35/268). The level of lactate/albumin ratio was significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors (1.36±1.54 versus 0.70±0.64; P<0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the lactate/albumin ratio (OR=0.667, 95%CI: 1.328-2.485, P=0.001) could predict in-hospital mortality independently for the patients in ICU with post-operative intestinal obstruction. Further analysis showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value of lactate/albumin ratio level was 0.681. Conclusions: These data suggested that the lactate/albumin ratio has potential predictive value for mortality in ICU patients with post-operative intestinal obstruction.
The Application of Student-Centered Online and Offline Blended Teaching Model in Histology and Embryology
Authors: YUAN Huijie , QIN Lina , ZHU Yonghong , DING Ying , ZHAO Wei , LI Chaohong , ZHANG Hongbo , WANG Jichang , SUN Xi , LIU Shuying
Published: November 2022

Under the teaching goal of "Golden Course" proposed by the Ministry of Education, student-centered online and offline blended teaching has become a new hot topic. Combining online and offline teaching and applying it to the teaching practice of histology and embryology, this study takes the offline course as the main line supplemented by online pre-review and review, group discussion, flipped classroom and other forms of learning.. This paper takes class 3 students of 2018 and 2019 eight-year clinical medicine as the research subjects, evaluates the teaching effect through the data analysis of experimental results, final evaluation results and teaching feedback survey, and applies SPSS20.0 software to statistically analyze the students' grades. The results have shown that the students' experimental scores and final evaluation scores in the online and offline hybrid teaching group are better than those in the traditional offline teaching group, although the differences are not significant (P> 0.05), and the student participation is also higher. It shows that the online and offline blended teaching mode is better than the traditional teaching mode, which can improve the teaching quality of histology and embryology, promote the interaction between teachers and students, and improve teaching and learning.
Ministry of Education's supply and demand matching employment and education project Final Evaluation Report
Authors: LI Changkui
Published: November 2022

Ministry of Education's supply and demand matching employment and education project Final Evaluation Report
Kawaii: fenomén roztomilosti v japonské kultuře a společnosti
Authors:   Vysoká škola Ambis (Katedra ekonomie a managementu), Lindnerova 575/1, 180 00 Praha 8, Czech Rep., Pruša Igor
Published: November 2022

The main objective of this study is to introduce the Czech reader to the hitherto unexplored phenomenon of cuteness (kawaii) in Japanese culture and society. The term kawaii, which is used to describe cute objects (toddlers, animals, mascots, toys), represents one of the most culturally persuasive aesthetics of the new millennium and is a significant economic driver of Japan’s cultural industry (manga, anime, fashion, music). In other words, kawaii is not a temporary fashion trend – it is virtually a ‘standard aesthetic’ that has permeated all areas of Japanese everyday life. In this study, I focus on three thematic units, namely psychology, aesthetics, and history of cuteness. Within psychology, I analyze kawaii as an intense emotional response to some significant stimulus that triggers a ‘maternal’ desire. Within aesthetics, I firstly focus on the stylized Japanese script, which started the kawaii fever in 1970s. Secondly, I point out the main specifics of Japanese product design with kawaii features and explain how kawaii aesthetics permeated the field of Japanese fashion. Thirdly, I focus on various mascots and animal characters that represent the main platform of kawaii aesthetics today, and demonstrate how Japanese authorities and institutions utilize this aesthetic to maintain the status quo. Finally, I offer a brief history of Japanese cuteness, which began in court literature of the 10th century and culminated in the second half of the 20th century.
The Role of Language in Understanding Conflict
Authors:   Arcadia University, 450 S. Easton Road, Glenside, Pennsylvania, United States, Kovář Jakub
Published: November 2022

This paper explores the ways in which metaphors and other distinctive patterns of speech influence our understanding of conflict. It is argued that metaphors and other distinctive patterns of speech can do so in several ways: They can portray different sides of a conflict in either positive or negative light, downplay the seriousness of violence and conflict in our minds, and dehumanize people. Because of the use of such language, violence can be normalized. Yet metaphors can constitute new/different ways of looking at (and “manufacture” our perception of) conflict, war, violence, and other related concepts that hold the keys to building empathy for others.
Development of General Chemistry Learning Media (Thermochemistry) Using Web Based Learning Model
Authors: Musa Panggabean Freddy Tua , Silitonga Pasar Maulim , Sinaga Marudut , Sutiani Ani , Purba Jamalum
Published: November 2022

The use of innovative and constructive learning media in reconstructing students' knowledge, abilities and creativity is something that a lecturer needs to consider. One of the media that can be applied in the learning process is learning media using web based learning. This research and development aims to describe the feasibility (validity), effectiveness and improvement of student learning outcomes through learning media using a web based learning model that was developed in general chemistry learning of thermochemical material through the ADDIE development model. This research and development resulted in books and learning media for General Chemistry on thermochemical material using a web based learning model that has been declared valid (appropriate) and has been proven to be effective in improving student learning outcomes. Validity is met qualitatively based on the assessment of the validators of material experts and media experts. Effectiveness is met based on the results of implementation and proven by statistical hypothesis testing (p < 0.05) with the average value of the pretest-posttest difference or an increase in student learning outcomes of 25,633±7,739.
Loss of Reproductive Organ Separation Zones as Adaptation to Anthropogenic Seed‐Dispersal‐Based Mutualism
Authors: von Baeyer Madelynn , Tranbarger Timothy J. , Spengler Robert N.
Published: November 2022

Domestication, or the evolutionary adaptation of organisms to anthropogenic ecosystems, is a key area of research that links the biological and social sciences. The domestication of a select few species of angiosperms (notably in Poaceae and Fabaceae) played a prominent role in driving the demographic and cultural changes that led humanity into the modern world. The earliest phenotypic changes in plants during the first stages of the domestication process in each of the independent centres of domestication around the world include: (i) an increase in seed size (possibly pleiotropically linked to an overall increase in plant mass) and (ii) a loss of traits for seed dispersal, notably a loss of function in separation zones, abscission or dehiscence, resulting in seeds that remain attached to the plant. Archaeobotanists and geneticists have heavily focused on the evolution of these two sets of traits, tracing out their timing and pathways towards introgression; however, there are still ongoing debates related to the role of humans in this process and what specific ecological factors during the transition to agriculture changed selective pressures. In this article, we review what is known about the ecology of seed‐dispersal mechanisms in crop lineages before and after their adoption into cultivation systems; we specifically focus on abscission and dehiscence zones as archaeologically visible features directly associated with seed dispersal.
Traditional Food Plants in the Face of Global Change: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Anju Thattantavide , Kumar Ajay
Published: November 2022

Traditional food plants (TFPs) are highly nutritious and contain health beneficial metabolites, vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Various communities across the globe, especially in the rural areas, rely on the locally available TFPs for their nutritional and health‐related needs. The TFPs are considered important because they are locally available alternative sources of food and nutrition. However, they remain largely neglected to date despite their huge nutritional importance and potential. Interest in TFPs has recently increased especially because of the disruptions of the food supply chains caused by recurrent lockdowns during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Interruptions to long‐distance food supply chains expose the vulnerabilities associated with the globalised interconnected food systems. Recent literature suggests that localised food systems are more resilient, sustainable, and adaptive especially during times of pandemics, civil unrest, and conflicts. Since TFPs offer several benefits over the globalised mainstream food systems, it is important to explore their roles and develop research strategies to provide insights and to support their more widespread use in future. Scientists and food and nutrition experts also suggest that the post‐pandemic situation will compel food scientists, breeders, and crop bioengineers to realign their approach towards food production and consumption systems that are more locally suited. Significant knowledge has been gained through basic research on the diversity and availability of a plethora of TFPs in various parts of the world, including India, Africa, and South America. Limited genetic and genomic studies have also been performed with TFPs, and they provide very important insights into important genes and other regulators governing nutritional and stress‐resilient traits in neglected crops. Some crops are shown to have better traits than the currently available mainstream crops. Many studies have pointed towards cultivation, domestication, and improvement of regionally important TFPs for better climate resilience, sustainability, and adaptability. While very few TFPs have been genetically edited successfully, and gene‐edited TFPs are not commercially available yet, there is increasing evidence that there is a huge potential for the revitalisation and introduction of these ancient crops to the mainstream food baskets of the public. In this review article, we critically examine the TFPs and their regional importance in the local traditional food systems. The richness of TFPs during the ancient period and various reasons for their disappearance from the food basket, the re‐emergence of TFPs by recognising their importance in the present scenario, and the criteria for utilisation of TFPs to attain food security in the future are discussed comprehensively in the review. We provide a futuristic outlook on the importance, scope, and progress on the improvement of TFPs for valuable traits for ensuring food security of the burgeoning global population.
Compound conditions event‐triggered tracking control for nonlinear multiagent systems with nonlinear output faults
Authors: Li Dongni , Xue Hong , Cao Liang
Published: November 2022

This article is devoted to investigating the compound conditions event‐triggered prescribed performance tracking problem for strict‐feedback nonlinear multiagent systems with nonlinear output faults and unknown disturbances. A simplified event‐triggered sampling condition is designed to successfully reduce the number of state triggered design parameters. Besides, a compound conditions event‐triggered mechanism is constructed, which integrates state triggered and controller triggered simultaneously to reduce communication burden. Furthermore, by using disturbance observers and prescribed performance functions, unknown external disturbances are compensated and the tracking errors can converge into the prescribed boundary, respectively. Moreover, all the signals of the closed‐loop system are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, the availability of the proposed control strategy is testified via simulation results.
Ultra‐High Toughness Fibers Using Controlled Disorder of Assembled Aramid Nanofibers
Authors: Kim Hyun Chan , Sodano Henry Angelo
Published: November 2022

Assembling nanoscale building blocks with reduced defects has emerged as a promising approach to exploit nanomaterials in the fabrication of simultaneously strong and tough architectures at larger scales. Aramid nanofibers (ANFs), a type of organic nanobuilding block, have been spotlighted due to their superior mechanical properties and thermal stability. However, no breakthrough research has been conducted on the high mechanical properties of a structure composed of ANFs. Here, assembling ANFs into macroscale fiber using a simultaneous protonation and wet‐spinning process is studied to reduce defects and control disorder. The ANF‐assembled fibers consist of hierarchically aligned nanofibers that behave as a defective law structure, making it possible to reach a Young's modulus of 53.15 ± 8.98 GPa, a tensile strength of 1,353.64 ± 92.98 MPa, and toughness of 128.66 ± 14.13 MJ m−3. Compared to commercial aramid fibers, the fibers exhibit ≈1.6 times greater toughness while also providing specific energy to break as 93 J g−1. Furthermore, this shows recyclability of the ANF assembly by retaining ≈94% of the initial mechanical properties. This study demonstrates a facile process to produce high stiffness and strength fibers composed of ANFs that possess significantly greater toughness than commercial synthetic fibers.
Advancing Hydrovoltaic Energy Harvesting from Wood through Cell Wall Nanoengineering
Authors: Garemark Jonas , Ram Farsa , Liu Lianlian , Sapouna Ioanna , Cortes Ruiz Maria F. , Larsson Per Tomas , Li Yuanyuan
Published: November 2022

Converting omnipresent environmental energy through the assistance of spontaneous water evaporation is an emerging technology for sustainable energy systems. Developing bio‐based hydrovoltaic materials further pushes the sustainability, where wood is a prospect due to its native hydrophilic and anisotropic structure. However, current wood‐based water evaporation‐assisted power generators are facing the challenge of low power density. Here, an efficient hydrovoltaic wood power generator is reported based on wood cell wall nanoengineering. A highly porous wood with cellulosic network filling the lumen is fabricated through a green, one‐step treatment using sodium hydroxide to maximize the wood surface area, introduce chemical functionality, and enhance the cell wall permeability of water. An open‐circuit potential of ≈140 mV in deionized water is realized, over ten times higher than native wood. Further tuning the pH difference between wood and water, due to an ion concentration gradient, a potential up to 1 V and a remarkable power output of 1.35 µW cm−2 is achieved. The findings in this study provide a new strategy for efficient wood power generators.
Gradient “Single‐Crystal” Li‐Rich Cathode Materials for High‐Stable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wu Tianhao , Zhang Xu , Wang Yinzhong , Zhang Nian , Li Haifeng , Guan Yong , Xiao Dongdong , Liu Shiqi , Yu Haijun
Published: November 2022

As one of the high‐energy cathode materials of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), lithium‐rich‐layered oxide with “single‐crystal” characteristic (SC‐LLO) can effectively restrain side reactions and cracks due to the reduced inner boundaries and enhanced mechanical stabilities. However, there are still high challenges for SC‐LLO with diverse performance requirements, especially on their cycle stability improvement. Herein, a novel concentration gradient “single‐crystal” LLO (GSC‐LLO), with gradually decreasing Mn and increasing Ni contents from center to surface, is designed and prepared by combining co‐precipitation and molten‐salt sintering methods, yielding a capacity retention of 97.6% and an energy density retention of 95.8% within 100 cycles at 0.1 C. The enhanced performance is mostly attributed to the gradient‐induced stabilized structure, free of cracks and less spinel‐like structure formation after long‐term cycling. Furthermore, the gradient design is also beneficial to the safety of LLOs as suggested by the improved thermal stability and reduced gas release. This study provides an effective strategy to prepare high‐energy, high‐stability, and high‐safety LLOs for advanced LIBs.
Modulating the Macroscopic Helicity of Poly(m‐phenylenediamine) by Achiral Monomer Copolymerization
Authors: Zha Xinlin , Xu Guilin , Xiong Yi , Yan Zhong , Liu Ke , Li Mufang , Chen Yuanli , Lu Jing , Wang Dong
Published: November 2022

Designing artificial systems to mimic chiral superstructures and exploring how achiral molecules precisely modulate their chirality is crucial to understand the origin of homochirality in nature. Herein, the tunability nature of supramolecular chirality is subtly applied to fabricate robust chiral covalent polymers with controlled macroscopic helicity. When using conventional supramolecular transcription methods to prepare chiral poly(m‐phenylenediamine), simply introducing various small amounts of achiral diaminopyridines (DAPs) to copolymerize with m‐phenylenediamine (MPD) enables the resulting chiral copolymers with adjustable helical configurations and chiroptical activities in an enantiopure template system. The strong hydrogen bonds between DAPs and the template molecules ((S)/(R)‐PhgC16) proved to be the driving force for guiding the chiral polymerization mode of MPD. Impressively, the exquisite self‐sorting phenomenon is observed by tuning the stoichiometric ratio of DAP and (R)‐PhgC16, where the as‐prepared copolymers with opposite helicity can exist simultaneously to form a double network structure and their chiroptical activity can be well regulated. In addition, based on such a copolymerization strategy, a conceptual library of helical functional copolymers is built with editable polymer types including conducting polymers and designable amine‐aldehyde condensation‐based polymers. This copolymerization‐mediated synthetic strategy may facilitate the development of chiral polymers with controlled morphologies and dynamic compositions.
Rapid Melt‐Quenching Enables General Synthesis of High‐Loading Single‐Atom Catalysts with Bicontinuous Nanoporous Structure
Authors: Jiang Kang , Liu Zhixiao , Lu Ying‐Rui , Wang Mengjia , Chen Dechao , Cai Lebin , Chan Ting‐Shan , Liu Pan , Pan Anlian , Tan Yongwen
Published: November 2022

Single‐atom catalysts have attracted extensive attention due to their unique atomic structures and extraordinary activities in catalyzing chemical reactions. However, the lack of general and efficient approaches for producing high‐density single atoms on suitably tailored supporting matrixes hinders their industrial applications. Here, a rapid melt‐quenching strategy with high throughput to synthesize single atoms with high metal‐atom loadings of up to 9.7 wt% or 2.6 at% on nanoporous metal compounds is reported, representing several‐fold improvements compared to benchmarks in the literature. Mechanism characterizations reveal that the high‐temperature melting provides the essential liquid environment and activation energy to achieve the atomization of metals, while the following rapid‐quenching pins the isolated metal atoms and stabilizes the coordination environment. In comparison with carbon‐supported single‐atom catalysts, various collaboration combinations of single atoms and nanoporous metal compounds can be synthesized using the strategy, thus achieving efficient hydrazine oxidation‐assisted H2 production. This synthesis protocol is highly compatible with automatic operation, which provides a feasible and general route to design and manufacture specific single‐atom catalysts with tunable atomic metal components and supporting matrixes, thus promoting the deployment of single‐atom catalysts for various energy technology applications.
Visible‐Light‐Induced Radical Type Ring‐Opening of Sulfonium Salts with Heteroarenes by Copper Photocatalyst
Authors: Zhu Xiaolong , Song Xiuyan , Li Xuan , Wang Fengxiao , Lv Jian , Jiang Min , Yang Daoshan
Published: November 2022

In this manuscript, we report a radical type ring‐opening of sulfonium salts with heteroarenes under visible light conditions. This developed method does not require noble metal photocatalysts, or stoichiometric amount of external oxidants, and has a application prospect in the synthesis of organosulfur compounds and bioactive molecules. This radical type ring‐opening photocatalytic system could inspire further applications of sulfonium salts in C(sp3)−C(sp2) bond forming reactions.

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Investigation of the temporal and spatial flow features within the high‐shear mixer by modal decomposition techniques
Authors: Zhao Shuchun , Li Wei , Zhang Jinli
Published: November 2022

An insightful comprehension of hydrodynamics in the high‐shear mixer (HSM) is crucial for its design and optimization. Therefore, the energetical and dynamical dominant features of inline HSM's velocity fields are extracted by proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) and dynamic mode decomposition (DMD), of which the sampling spaces are generated through Large‐Eddy Simulation. POD results reveal that the significant flow structures located in the shear gap and the adjacent regions of rotor/stator slot inlets comprise various energy levels. The strip‐shaped structures at the rotor/stator leading edges, wake and large‐scale vortices within the outflow region, and circulation inside the rotor slot are also visualized. DMD results emphasize the importance of flow patterns oscillating lower than rotor teeth passage frequency and reveal that the coherent structures shift and expand as their frequencies decrease. The POD and DMD analyses provide an insightful perspective of the spatial and temporal behaviors of the flow in HSM.
Heat transfer within dynamically structured bubbling fluidized beds subject to vibration: A two‐fluid modeling study
Authors: Guo Qiang , Chiu Shawn , Da Wei , Boyce Christopher M.
Published: November 2022

Bubbling fluidized beds are often used to achieve a uniform particle temperature distribution in industrial processes involving gas and particles. However, the chaotic bubble dynamics pose significant challenges in scale‐up. Recent work (Guo et al., 2021, PNAS 118, e2108647118) has shown that using vibration can structure the bubbling pattern to a highly predictable manner with the characteristic bubble properties independent of system width, opening opportunities to address key issues associated with conventional bubbling fluidized beds. Herein, using two‐fluid modeling simulations, we studied heat transfer characteristics within the dynamically structured bubbling fluidized bed and compared to unstructured bubbling fluidized beds and packed beds. Simulations show that the structured bubbling fluidized bed can achieve the most uniform particle temperature distribution because it can achieve the best particle mixing while maintaining a global heat transfer coefficient similar to that of a freely bubbling fluidized bed.
Bio‐Inspired Deaminative Hydroxylation of Aminoheterocycles and Electron‐Deficient Anilines
Authors: Ghiazza Clément , Wagner Lucas , Fernández Sergio , Leutzsch Markus , Cornella Josep
Published: November 2022

Among the tools available to chemists for drug design of bioactive compounds, the bioisosteric replacement of atoms or groups of atoms is the cornerstone of modern strategies. Despite the undeniable interest in amino‐to‐hydroxyl interchange, enzymatic deaminative hydroxylation remains unmatched. Herein, we report a user friendly and safe procedure to selectively convert aminoheterocycles to their hydroxylated analogues by means of a simple pyrylium tetrafluoroborate salt. The hydroxylation step relies on a Lossen‐type rearrangement under mild conditions thus avoiding the use of strong hydroxide bases. In addition to biorelevant heterocycles, the deaminative hydroxylation of electron‐deficient anilines was also demonstrated. Finally, mechanistic experiments allowed the identification of the key intermediates, thus unveiling a rather unusual mechanism for this formal aromatic substitution.
Modelling Development in Radical (Co)Polymerization of Multivinyl Monomers
Authors: Lyu Jing , Li Yinghao , Li Zishan , Polanowski Piotr , Jeszka Jeremiasz K. , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof , Wang Wenxin
Published: November 2022

Radical polymerization (RP) of multivinyl monomers (MVMs) provides a facile solution for manipulating polymer topology and has received increasing attention due to their industrial and academic significance. Continuous efforts have been made to understand their mechanism, which is the key to regulating materials structure. Modelling techniques have become a powerful tool that can provide detailed information on polymerization kinetics which is inaccessible by experiments. Many publications have reported the combination of experiments and modelling for free radical polymerization (FRP) and reversible‐deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRP) of MVMs. Herein, a minireview is presented for the most important modelling techniques and their applications in FRP/RDRP of MVMs. This review hopes to illustrate that the combination of modelling and wet experiments can be a great asset to polymer researchers and inspire new thinking for the future MVMs experiment optimization and product design.
Stereoselective Construction of Tertiary Homoallyl Alcohols and Ethers by Nucleophilic Substitution at Quaternary Carbon Stereocenters
Authors: Chen Xu , Patel Kaushalendra , Marek Ilan
Published: November 2022

An efficient method for the stereoselective construction of tertiary C−O bonds via a stereoinvertive nucleophilic substitution at the quaternary carbon stereocenter of cyclopropyl carbinol derivatives using water, alcohols and phenols as nucleophiles has been developed. This substitution reaction proceeds under mild conditions and tolerates several functional groups, providing a new access to the stereoselective formation of highly congested tertiary homoallyl alcohols and ethers.
Unravelling the Complex LiOH‐Based Cathode Chemistry in Lithium–Oxygen Batteries**
Authors: Zhang Xiahui , Dong Panpan , Noh Seunghyo , Zhang Xianghui , Cha Younghwan , Ha Su , Jang Ji‐Hoon , Song Min‐Kyu
Published: November 2022

The LiOH‐based cathode chemistry has demonstrated potential for high‐energy Li−O2batteries. However, the understanding of such complex chemistry remains incomplete. Herein, we use the combined experimental methods with ab initio calculations to study LiOH chemistry. We provide a unified reaction mechanism for LiOH formation during discharge via net 4 e−oxygen reduction, in which Li2O2acts as intermediate in low water‐content electrolyte but LiHO2as intermediate in high water‐content electrolyte. Besides, LiOH decomposes via 1 e−oxidation during charge, generating surface‐reactive hydroxyl species that degrade organic electrolytes and generate protons. These protons lead to early removal of LiOH, followed by a new high‐potential charge plateau (1 e−water oxidation). At following cycles, these accumulated protons lead to a new high‐potential discharge plateau, corresponding to water formation. Our findings shed light on understanding of 4 e−cathode chemistries in metal–air batteries.
Bioinspired Total Synthesis of Complex Nucleoside Antibiotics A201A, A201D and A201E
Authors: Wang Jiaxiang , Gao Jiahui , Guo Tianyun , Huo Xing , Zhang Wenhua , Liu Jian , Wang Xiaolei
Published: November 2022

Herein, bioinspired total syntheses of A201A, A201D, and A201E based on a previously reported biosynthetic pathway are presented. The challenging 1,2‐cis‐furanoside, a core structure of the A201 family, was obtained by remote 2‐quinolinecarbonyl‐assisted glycosylation. We accomplished the total synthesis of A201A and A201E based on the critical 1,2‐cis‐furanoside moiety through late‐stage glycosylation without any interference from basic dimethyl adenosine. We also confirmed the absolute configuration of A201E by total synthesis. This modular synthesis strategy enables efficient preparation of A201 family antibiotics, allowing the study of their structure–activity relationships and mode of action. This study satisfies the increasing demand for developing novel antibiotics inspired by the A201 family.
Dendritic Quaternary‐Encoded Oligourethanes for Data Encryption
Authors: Shi Qiangqiang , Zhou Xin , Xu Jie , Zhang Jialin , Wang Ning , Zhang Guoying , Hu Jinming , Liu Shiyong
Published: November 2022

The use of sequence‐defined digital polymers for data storage and encryption has received increasing attention due to their precision structures similar to natural biomacromolecules (e.g., DNA) but increased stability. However, the rapid development of sequencing techniques raises the concern of information leakage. Herein, dendritic quaternary‐encoded oligourethanes bearing a photoresponsive trigger, self‐immolative backbones, and a mass spectrometry tag of PEG dendron have been developed for data encryption. Although the sequence information in linear analogs can be readily deciphered by mass spectrometry, sequencing of dendritic oligourethanes cannot be achieved by either primary MS or tandem MS/MS owing to the unique spatial conformation. Intriguingly, the fragmentation pathways of a quaternary dendrimer under MS/MS conditions can be converted to 2772‐bit 2D matrices with ≈1.98×1087permutations, serving as high‐strength encryption keys for highly reliable data encryption.
Kinetic Resolution of Azaarylethynyl Tertiary Alcohols by Chiral Brønsted Acid Catalysed Phosphine‐Mediated Deoxygenation
Authors: Wang Guanghui , Li Lulu , Jiang Yifeng , Zhao Xiaowei , Ban Xu , Shao Tianju , Yin Yanli , Jiang Zhiyong
Published: November 2022

A chiral Brønsted acid catalysed phosphine‐mediated deoxygenation protocol is reported. This metal‐free method provides a precise kinetic resolution platform for azaarylethynyl tertiary alcohols, which are a broad category of biologically and synthetically important azaarene derivatives. In addition to providing an efficient method for the first asymmetric preparation of these tertiary alcohols, the strategy facilitates the construction of azaaryl‐functionalized allenes with good to excellent enantioselectivities. The high selectivity factors (sup to 235), broad substrate scope, and ability to convert azaaryl compounds into both chiral tertiary alcohols and allenes robustly underscore the efficiency and promising utility of this method. The practicability is further validated by the successful synthesis of deuterated allenes with high ee values and substantial incorporation of deuterium using inexpensive D2O as the deuterium source.
Diboraanthracene‐Doped Polymer Systems for Colour‐Tuneable Room‐Temperature Organic Afterglow
Authors: Jovaišaitė Justina , Kirschner Sven , Raišys Steponas , Kreiza Gediminas , Baronas Paulius , Juršėnas Saulius , Wagner Matthias
Published: November 2022

Organic ultralong room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), or organic afterglow, is a unique phenomenon, gaining widespread attention due to its far‐reaching application potential and fundamental interest. Here, two laterally expanded 9,10‐dimesityl‐dihydro‐9,10‐diboraanthracene (DBA) derivatives are demonstrated as excellent afterglow materials for red and blue‐green light emission, which is traced back to persistent thermally activated delayed fluorescence and RTP. The lateral substitution of polycyclic DBA scaffold, together with weak transversal electron‐donating mesityl groups, ensures the optimal molecular properties for (reverse) intersystem crossing and long‐lived triplet states in a rigid poly(methyl methacrylate) matrix. The achieved afterglow emission quantum yields of up to 3 % and 15 %, afterglow lifetimes up to 0.8 s and 3.2 s and afterglow durations up to 5 s and 25 s (for red and blue‐green emitters, respectively) are attributed to the properties of single molecules.
A Semi‐solid Zinc Powder‐based Slurry Anode for Advanced Aqueous Zinc‐ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Zefang , Zhang Qi , Li Wenbin , Xie Chunlin , Wu Tingqing , Hu Chao , Tang Yougen , Wang Haiyan
Published: November 2022

The booming of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) draws the researchers’ attention to issues of zinc metal anodes, such as uncontrollable dendrite growth, corrosion, and volume effects. Zinc powder anode is more suitable for the industrial application of AZIBs than the widely used zinc foil anode due to its low cost, tunability and processability. However, the related solutions are rarely studied because the above issues of zinc metal anode are more serious in zinc powder anode. Herein, for the first time, we design a semi‐solid zinc slurry anode consisting of zinc powder and zincophilic tin additive dispersed in a conductive elastic rheological network. Zinc can be deposited homogeneously on the dispersed tin particles, which avoids agglomerative zinc deposition and alleviates volume change during repeated zinc stripping/plating. Moreover, the practical application of the full cell with slurry is very promising since its operating life can be easily extended by facile slurry renewal.
Ein Helikales Zweischichtiges Nichtbenzoides Nanographen als [10]Helicen mit Zwei Eingebetteten Heptagonalen Ringen
Authors: Yang Lin , Ju Yang‐Yang , Medel Miguel A. , Fu Yubin , Komber Hartmut , Dmitrieva Evgenia , Zhang Jin‐Jiang , Obermann Sebastian , Campaña Araceli G. , Ma Ji , Feng Xinliang
Published: November 2022

Die atomgenaue Synthese von helikalen mehrschichtigen Nanographenen (NG) neuer Topologie ist aufgrund ihrer exotischen physikochemischen Eigenschaften von substanziellem Interesse. Allerdings ist die Synthese dieser Nanographene, speziell mit nicht benzoiden Ringen, äußerst herausfordernd. Wir präsentieren in diesem Artikel die effiziente Synthese des ersten helikalen zweischichtigen nichtbenzoiden Nanographens (HBNG1) ausgehend von einem maßgeschneiderten Azulen‐Vorläufer, welcher bereits das neuartige Strukturelement zweier in [10]Helicen eingebetteter heptagonaler Ringe enthält. Die Einkristalldiffraktometrie gibt Einblick in die sterisch stark gespannte Doppelschichtstruktur mit einem Rekordwert für den kleinsten Interschichtabstand von nur 3.2 Å, in der Substanzklasse der doppelschichtigen Nanographene. Bemerkenswerterweise kommt es im Raum zwischen den Schichten zu π–π Wechselwirkungen. Wir untersuchten diesen Effekt durch in situ Spektroelektrochemie und Simulationen mittels Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT). Des Weiteren wurden die chiroptischen Eigenschaften derP/M‐Enantiomere vonHBNG1durch Zirkulardichroismus und zirkular polarisierter Fluoreszenz charakterisiert.
Small Fluorogenic Amino Acids for Peptide‐Guided Background‐Free Imaging
Authors: de Moliner Fabio , Konieczna Zuzanna , Mendive‐Tapia Lorena , Saleeb Rebecca S. , Morris Katie , Gonzalez‐Vera Juan Antonio , Kaizuka Takeshi , Grant Seth G. N. , Horrocks Mathew H. , Vendrell Marc
Published: November 2022

The multiple applications of super‐resolution microscopy have prompted the need for minimally invasive labeling strategies for peptide‐guided fluorescence imaging. Many fluorescent reporters display limitations (e.g., large and charged scaffolds, non‐specific binding) as building blocks for the construction of fluorogenic peptides. Herein we have built a library of benzodiazole amino acids and systematically examined them as reporters for background‐free fluorescence microscopy. We have identified amine‐derivatized benzoselenadiazoles as scalable and photostable amino acids for the straightforward solid‐phase synthesis of fluorescent peptides. Benzodiazole amino acids retain the binding capabilities of bioactive peptides and display excellent signal‐to‐background ratios. Furthermore, we have demonstrated their application in peptide‐PAINT imaging of postsynaptic density protein‐95 nanoclusters in the synaptosomes from mouse brain tissues.
Interfaces with Fluorinated Amphiphiles: Superstructures and Microfluidics
Authors: Junge Florian , Lee Pin‐Wei , Kumar Singh Abhishek , Wasternack Janos , Pachnicz Michał P. , Haag Rainer , Schalley Christoph A.
Published: November 2022

This Minireview discusses recent developments in research on the interfacial phenomena of fluorinated amphiphiles, with a focus on applications that exploit the unique and manifold interfacial properties associated with these amphiphiles. Most notably, fluorinated amphiphiles form stable aggregates with often distinctly different morphologies compared to their nonfluorinated counterparts. Consequently, fluorinated surfactants have found wide use in high‐performance applications such as microfluidic‐assisted screening. Additionally, their fluorine‐specific behaviour at solid/liquid interfaces, such as the formation of superhydrophobic coatings after deposition on surfaces, will be discussed. As fluorinated surfactants and perfluorinated materials in general pose potential environmental threats, recent developments in their remediation based on their adsorption onto fluorinated surfaces will be evaluated.
Boosting Benzene Oxidation with a Spin‐State‐Controlled Nuclearity Effect on Iron Sub‐Nanocatalysts
Authors: Bu Fanle , Chen Chaoqiu , Yu Yu , Hao Wentao , Zhao Shichao , Hu Yongfeng , Qin Yong
Published: November 2022

A fundamental understanding of the nature of nuclearity effects is important for the rational design of superior sub‐nanocatalysts with low nuclearity, but remains a long‐standing challenge. Using atomic layer deposition, we precisely synthesized Fe sub‐nanocatalysts with tunable nuclearity (Fe1–Fe4) anchored on N,O‐co‐doped carbon nanorods (NOC). The electronic properties and spin configuration of the Fe sub‐nanocatalysts were nuclearity dependent and dominated the H2O2activation modes and adsorption strength of active O species on Fe sites toward C−H oxidation. The Fe1‐NOC single atom catalyst exhibits state‐of‐the‐art activity for benzene oxidation to phenol, which is ascribed to its unique coordination environment (Fe1N2O3) and medium spin state (t2g4eg1); turnover frequencies of 407 h−1at 25 °C and 1869 h−1at 60 °C were obtained, which is 3.4, 5.7, and 13.6 times higher than those of Fe dimer, trimer, and tetramer catalysts, respectively.