bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of conductive and superhydrophobic poly(lactic acid) nonwoven fabric for human motion detection
Authors: Zeng Qingtao , Lai Dehui , Ma Piming , Lai Xuejun , Zeng Xingrong , Li Hongqiang
Published: April 2022

In recent years, piezoresistive pressure sensors with superhydrophobicity have aroused considerable attention. In addition, to comply with “sustainable development” strategy, the sensors fabricated with eco‐friendly materials is of great theoretical and practical significance. Herein, tannic acid (TA) was first absorbed on the surface of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nonwoven fabric by simple dipping method. After that, silver (Ag) particles were in situ generated on the surface to construct roughness with the reduction role of TA by immersing the fabric into silver nitrate aqueous solution. Finally, n‐lauryl mercaptan was grafted on the Ag particles via Ag–S bonds to provide low surface energy, and a conductive and superhydrophobic PLA (CSPLA) nonwoven fabric was fabricated. The obtained CSPLA nonwoven fabric had a high water contact angle of 150.3°. The fabric‐based piezoresistive pressure sensor possessed high sensitivity, fast response, good stability, and excellent reusability, and was successfully applied for detecting various human motions including voice recognition, joint bending, stomping, walking, and jumping. The fabricated sensor has great application potential in the fields of touchable displays, electronic skins, intelligent robotics, and wearable devices.
Double organic groups‐containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane filled epoxy with enhanced fire safety
Authors: Zhang Wenyuan , Huang Jianfeng , Guo Xiaoyan , Zhang Wenchao , Qian Lijun , Qin Zhaolu
Published: April 2022

To simultaneously improve the flame retardancy, smoke suppression, mechanical properties, and dielectric properties of epoxy resin (EP), a series of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane containing vinyl and epoxy groups (EV‐POSSs) was designed and successfully synthesized. The results of Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and mass spectra indicated that the EV‐POSSs possessed two main cage structures, T10 and T12. The epoxy groups attaching to POSS connected the polymer main chains, forming higher crosslinking‐density networks. The self‐polymerization of vinyl groups under high temperatures improved the mechanical property and the quality of char residues. Based on our study, the introduction of EV‐POSSs can enhance the flame retardancy, smoke suppression, mechanical and dielectric properties. Compared with pure EP, the dielectric constant of EP containing 2 wt% EV‐POSS dropped from 3.9 to 3.6 at 106 Hz. In addition, with the 10 wt% EV‐POSSs, the peak of heat release rate and total smoke production also reduced by 50.7% and 36.7%, respectively. Most notably, the maximum smoke density declined by 44.8% due to the EV‐POSSs simultaneously containing epoxy and vinyl groups show comprehensive enhancement and occupy spacious applications.
Robotic‐assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy and vasovagal reflex: A case report
Authors: Imai Eriya , Kamijyo Sonoko , Namekawa Motoki , Yokozuka Motoi
Published: April 2022

No reports of vasovagal reflex activity during robotic‐assisted laparoscopic hysterectomy (RALH) exist. We present a case of a woman who underwent a RALH for a uterine myoma with uterine adenomyosis. A lack of tactile feedback and a traction force sensor create unique risks of robot‐assisted surgery. Anesthesiologists should be aware of these risks.
A simplified implementation of NLSPWM control strategy for SqZS inverter via model‐driven processor programming method
Authors: Noroozi Meraj , Haghjoo Farhad , Javadi Hamid , Zolghadri Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2022

The transformerless single‐phase semi‐quasi‐Z‐source inverter (SqZSI) has a nonlinear gain curve and requires nonlinear sinusoidal pulse width modulation (NLSPWM) to achieve sinusoidal voltage at the output AC terminal. Although the SqZSI provides some advantages, for example, leakage current elimination, doubly grounded, low volume, and low cost, it needs nonlinear modulation control. The NLSPWM is relatively complex among single‐phase modulation methods and it is considered a disadvantage for this topology, so this paper presents a model‐driven processor programming method that facilitates the implementation of NLSPWM. The developed programming method utilizes a Blockset environment in MATLAB/Simulink to implement NLSPWM, and then the obtained model is compiled and directly uploaded to the ARM Cortex‐M4‐based STM32F4 processor. In this approach, there is no need for coding in C programming language, and only the Simulink mathematical blocks are used so it simplifies the implementation process. The same Simulink model used to model the inverter control is slightly edited for implementation, which accelerates the debugging cycle. Experimental results of 100 W SqZSI confirm the desired and accurate performance of this low‐cost method. The qualitative comparison of the processor programming methods and the performance comparison of the developed SqZSI based on this approach verify the simplicity of implementation.
Both SUMOylation and ubiquitination of TFE3 fusion protein regulated by androgen receptor are the potential target in the therapy of Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Ning , Chen Yi , Yang Lei , Shi Qiancheng , Lu Yanwen , Ma Wenliang , Han Xiaodong , Guo Hongqian , Li, Dongmei , Gan, Weidong
Published: April 2022

Background

The aggressiveness of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) associated with Xp11.2 translocation/TFE3 gene fusion (Xp11.2 translocation RCC [Xp11.2 tRCC]) is age‐dependent, which is similar to the overall trend of reproductive endocrine hormones. Therefore, this study focused on the effect and potential mechanism of androgen and androgen receptor (AR) on the progression of Xp11.2 tRCC.

Methods

The effects of androgen and AR on the proliferation and migration of Xp11.2 tRCC cells were first evaluated utilising Xp11.2 tRCC cell lines and tissues. Because Transcription factor enhancer 3 (TFE3) fusion proteins play a key role in Xp11.2 tRCC, we focused on the regulatory role of AR and TFE3 expression and transcriptional activity.

Results

When Xp11.2 tRCC cells were treated with dihydrotestosterone, increased cell proliferation, invasion and migration were observed. Compared with clear cell RCC, the positive rate of AR in Xp11.2 tRCC tissues was higher, and its expression was negatively associated with the progression‐free survival of Xp11.2 tRCC. Further studies revealed that AR could positively regulate the transcriptional activity of TFE3 fusion proteins by small ubiquitin‐related modifier (SUMO)‐specific protease 1, inducing the deSUMOylation of TFE3 fusion. On the other hand, UCHL1 negatively regulated by AR plays a role in the deubiquitination degradation of the PRCC‐TFE3 fusion protein. Therefore, the combination of the AR inhibitor MDV3100 and the UCHL1 inhibitor 6RK73 was effective in delaying the progression of Xp11.2 tRCC, especially PRCC‐TFE3 tRCC.

Conclusions

Androgen and AR function as facilitators in Xp11.2 tRCC progression and may be a novel therapeutic target for Xp11.2 tRCC.

The combined use of AR antagonist MDV3100 and UCHL1 inhibitor 6RK73 increased both the SUMOylation and ubiquitination of the PRCC‐TFE3 fusion protein
Genome‐ and epigenome‐wide studies of plasma protein biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease implicate TBCA and TREM2 in disease risk
Authors: Hillary Robert F. , Gadd Danni A. , McCartney Daniel L. , Shi Liu , Campbell Archie , Walker Rosie M. , Ritchie Craig W. , Deary Ian J. , Evans Kathryn L. , Nevado‐Holgado Alejo J. , Hayward Caroline , Porteous David J. , McIntosh Andrew M. , Lovestone Simon , Robinson Matthew R. , Marioni Riccardo E.
Published: April 2022

Introduction

The levels of many blood proteins are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) or its pathological hallmarks. Elucidating the molecular factors that control circulating levels of these proteins may help to identify proteins associated with disease risk mechanisms.

Methods

Genome‐wide and epigenome‐wide studies (nindividuals ≤1064) were performed on plasma levels of 282 AD‐associated proteins, identified by a structured literature review. Bayesian penalized regression estimated contributions of genetic and epigenetic variation toward inter‐individual differences in plasma protein levels. Mendelian randomization (MR) and co‐localization tested associations between proteins and disease‐related phenotypes.

Results

Sixty‐four independent genetic and 26 epigenetic loci were associated with 45 proteins. Novel findings included an association between plasma triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) levels and a polymorphism and cytosine‐phosphate‐guanine (CpG) site within the MS4A4A locus. Higher plasma tubulin‐specific chaperone A (TBCA) and TREM2 levels were significantly associated with lower AD risk.

Discussion

Our data inform the regulation of biomarker levels and their relationships with AD.
Meeting report: Salamander models in cross‐disciplinary biological research meeting
Authors: Masselink Wouter , Sandoval‐Guzmán Tatiana , Yun Maximina H.
Published: April 2022

The third annual meeting on “Salamander Models in Cross‐disciplinary Biological Research” took place online on August 2021, bringing together over 200 international researchers using salamanders as research models and encompassing diverse fields, ranging from Development and Regeneration through to Immunology, Pathogenesis, and Evolution. The event was organized by Maximina H. Yun (Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Germany) and Tatiana Sandoval‐Guzmán (TU Dresden, Germany) with the generous support of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, and the Company of Biologists. Showcasing a number of emerging salamander models, innovative techniques and resources, and providing a platform for sharing both published and ongoing research, this meeting proved to be an excellent forum for exchanging ideas and moving research forwards. Here, we discuss the highlights stemming from this exciting scientific event.
Oxidative Stability of Oil Obtained from a Low‐Erucic Acid Pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) Mutant with Potential for Food Use
Authors: Buck Sabrina P. , Pegg Ronald B. , Tyl Catrin
Published: April 2022

The oilseed cover crop field pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) can be grown during the off‐season for summer crops such as corn and soybeans. However, high erucic acid contents make oil from wild‐types unsuitable for human consumption. Recent breeding efforts now offer a mutant strain (fae1‐rod1 pennycress) with an altered fatty acid composition. In this study, fae1‐rod1 pennycress oil is assessed for its fatty acid profile and tocopherol contents using gas chromatography and normal phase high‐performance lipid chromatography, respectively. Oils are incubated at 30, 40, and 50 °C, and changes in the peroxide value (PV), para‐anisidine value (pAV), and free fatty acid (FFA) content are monitored. FFA contents of all samples remained <1% throughout the incubation period. PVs and pAVs rapidly increase in oils stored at 50 °C. The pAVs of oils stored at 40 °C only differ to those of fresh oil after day 15 and are significantly lower than of oil stored at 50 °C throughout storage. PVs remain <15 when stored at 30 °C up to day 54. Pseudo‐first order rate constants to model PV increase are used to generate an Arrhenius plot. The activation energy is estimated as 68 kJ mol−1, comparable to other culinary oils.

Practical applications: There is interest in cultivating oil from pennycress seeds for use in foods. Its cultivation could have environmental benefits, e.g., reduce soil erosion, improve nitrogen sequestration, and provide nutrients for pollinators in the spring. However, the wild‐type strain is high in erucic acid, which potentially elicits toxic effects when ingested. Fae1‐rod1 mutant strains contain only traces of erucic acid, but little is known about pennycress oils in general and characteristics related to food use of fae1‐rod1 oils in particular. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study predicting fae1‐rod1 storage stability. The data reported here can be used by processors and consumers to estimate the time interval during which cold‐pressed fae1‐rod1 pennycress oil can be expected to maintain its quality attributes at ambient temperature, provided it is stored appropriately, e.g., protected from light.
Effects of Cannabis‐Delivered THC on mood and negative attentional bias in the context of positive vs. neutral Alternatives—a pilot study
Authors: Gunn Matthew P. , Rabinovich Norka E. , Martens Kris M. , Lindt John D. , Gilbert David G.
Published: April 2022

Objective

To assess: (1) the acute effects of smoked marijuana (MJ) on negative attentional bias (NAB), (2) moderation of these effects by positive versus neutral alternatives, and (3) the associations of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)‐induced changes in NAB with changes in affect.

Methods

Fourteen MJ users (1–4 uses/wk) smoked a THC cigarette on 1 day and a placebo cigarette on the other counterbalanced day. After smoking, participants freely gazed back and forth at a series of two side‐by‐side pictures pairs presented for 3000 ms (one negative, while the other was either positive or neutral) while eye gaze was tracked.

Results

The effects of THC relative to placebo varied across time such that THC increased NAB during the early temporal component of threatening picture viewing, 333–858 ms after dual‐picture onset, regardless of alternative picture valance. However, contrary to the attentional bias‐causes affect hypothesis, during the early viewing phase THC‐enhanced positive affect (PA) correlated positively with THC‐induced NAB. In contrast, during the late phase (891–3000 ms) THC‐enhanced PA did not correlate significantly with NAB, though THC‐induced negative affect (NA) change did correlate positively with THC‐induced change in NAB in the positive alternative condition.

Conclusions

We replicated findings of others showing that THC can enhance NAB during the early stages of threatening picture viewing. We extended previous results by demonstrating the THC‐induced NAB is associated with increased PA during initial threat viewing, but with increased NA during later processing if positive alternatives are present.
Incidence of Subsequent Hip Fracture and Mortality in Elderly Patients: A Multistate Population-Based Cohort Study in Eastern Spain
Authors: Llopis-Cardona Fran , Armero Carmen , Hurtado Isabel , García-Sempere Aníbal , Peiró Salvador , Rodríguez-Bernal Clara L , Sanfélix-Gimeno Gabriel
Published: April 2022

Osteoporotic hip fractures in older people may confer an increased risk of subsequent hip fractures and death. The aim of this study was to estimate the cumulative incidence of both recurrent hip fracture and death in the Valencia region. We followed a cohort of 34,491 patients aged ≥65 years who were discharged alive from Valencia Health System hospitals after an osteoporotic hip fracture between 2008 and 2015, until death or end of study (December 31, 2016). Two Bayesian illness-death models were applied to estimate the cumulative incidences of recurrent hip fracture and death by sex, age, and year of discharge. We estimated 1-year cumulative incidences of recurrent hip fracture at 2.5% in women and 2.3% in men, and 8.3% and 6.6%, respectively, at 5 years. Cumulative incidences of total death were 18.3% in women and 28.6% in men at 1 year, and 51.2% and 69.8% at 5 years. One-year probabilities of death after recurrent hip fracture were estimated at 26.8% and 43.8%, respectively, and at 57.3% and 79.2% at 5 years. Our analysis showed an increasing trend in the 1-year cumulative incidence of recurrent hip fracture from 2008 to 2015, but a decreasing trend in 1-year mortality. Male sex and age at discharge were associated with increased risk of death. Women showed higher incidence of subsequent hip fracture than men although they were at the same risk of recurrent hip fracture. Probabilities of death after recurrent hip fracture were higher than those observed in the general population. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Characterization of the composition of plant protection products in different formulation types employing suspect screening and unknown approaches
Authors: Hergueta‐Castillo María Elena , López‐Ruiz Rosalía , Garrido Frenich Antonia , Romero‐González Roberto
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

Plant protection products (PPPs) are used extensively in agriculture to control crops. These PPPs, which may be found in different types of formulations, are composed of a designated pesticide (active principle) and other inactive ingredients as co‐formulants. They perform specific functions in the formulation, as solvents, preservatives or antifreeze agents, among others.

RESULTS

A research technique based on ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a Quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass analyzer was successfully applied to characterize the composition of six different PPPs in terms of the presence of co‐formulants and types of formulations: emulsifiable concentrate (EC), emulsion in water (EW), suspension concentrate and water‐dispersible granule. These PPPs (FLINT MAX, MASSOCUR 12.5 EC, IMPACT EVO, TOPAS, LATINO and IMPALA STAR) had antifungal activity, containing one triazole compound as active principle (tebuconazole, penconazole, myclobutanil, flutriafol or fenbuconazole, respectively). Non‐targeted approaches, applying suspect and unknown analysis, were carried out and ten compounds were identified as potential co‐formulants. Six (glyceryl monostearate, 1‐monopalmitin, dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N‐dimethyldecanamide, hexaethylene glycol and 1,2‐benzisothiazol‐3(2H)‐one) were confirmed by injecting analytical standards. Finally, these compounds were quantified in the PPPs.

CONCLUSION

The current study allowed for detecting co‐formulants in a wide range of concentrations, between 0.04 (dimethyl sulfoxide) and 19.00 g L−1 (glyceryl monostearate), highlighting the feasibility of the proposed analytical methodology. Moreover, notable differences among the types of formulations of PPPs were achieved, revealing that EC and EW were the formulations that contained the largest number of co‐formulants (four out of six detected compounds). © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Biological and photochemical reactivity of dissolved organic matter in a large temperate river
Authors: Maisonneuve Philippe , Guillemette François , Lapierre Jean‐François
Published: April 2022

Large rivers are critical conduits from continents to oceans as they receive, produce and process huge amounts of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Yet, the relative influence of intrinsic DOM properties and extrinsic environmental properties on these processes at the ecosystem‐level is rarely studied. We assessed DOM optical properties as well as bioreactivity and photoreactivity at 40 sites along a >200 km transect of the freshwater portion of the St. Lawrence River through a series of standardized microbial incubations and exposure to simulated sunlight, and then estimated in situ areal rates of processing. We found that biological and photochemical processes preferentially targeted contrasting pools of DOM, but that DOM composition had an undiscernible effect on in situ degradation rates compared to other environmental factors. Total daily processing across the whole water column ranged from 36.7 to 892.1 mg C m−2. In situ photochemical degradation was largely driven by intrinsic DOM photoreactivity rather than environmental drivers in the water. In contrast, we found a relatively constant baseline pool of biolabile DOM that appeared to be independent from changes in concentration and environmental conditions. In situ DOM processing was mostly driven by biological degradation (on average 95%), and disproportionately high biodegradation rates (2.5–4x the average) were found in a few shallower sites near effluents or islands, potentially driven by local increases in nutrient concentration and in the proportion of protein‐like DOM. These results illustrate how DOM composition and degradability interact with ambient environmental and morphological properties to dictate an ecosystem‐level reactivity of DOM.
Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Up‐Conversion Luminescent Assisted Free‐Radical Reactions of Polymers Using Visible Light
Authors: Fu Qiang , Rui Jiaqiang , Fang Jiaojiao , Ni Yaru , Fang Liang , Lu Chunhua , Xu Zhongzi
Published: April 2022

Due to low penetration ability of ultraviolet (UV) light, UV‐induced free radical reactions of polymers are limited to the preparation of thin‐layer materials such as coatings and inks. Although upconversion (UC) nanomaterials that can be excited by near‐infrared (NIR) light and emit UV light which is used to achieve polymerization or curing of monomers or prepolymers, low quantum efficiency and high excitation threshold limit their applications. Here, triplet‐triplet annihilation up‐conversion luminescent (TTA‐UCL) chromophores of platinum (II) octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) and 9,10‐diphenylanthracene (DPA) are used to realize TTA‐UCL‐assisted photoinitiated polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) and ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate (ETPTA) as well as photo curing of polyurethane acrylates (PUA) using visible light at 520 nm. The effects of chromophores concentrations and incident light power density on double‐bond conversion rate are investigated. The results show that a mediate TTA‐UCL chromophore concentration of 0.02% is beneficial for polymerization of ETPTA‐co‐BA with thickness of 25 mm within 15 min. Satisfied adhesion of colored plastic substrates using PUA prepolymers can be achieved after irradiation for 30 s when chromophore concentration of 0.1% is used. TTA‐UCL assisted photoinitiated reactions show great potential in engineering aspects including quick repair of leaking tubes and photocuring of adhesives underwater.
Commutators of fractional maximal operator in variable Lebesgue spaces over bounded quasi‐metric measure spaces
Authors: Guliyev Vagif S. , Samko Stefan G.
Published: April 2022

We study the fractional maximal commutators
and the commutators
of the fractional maximal operator with
in the variable Lebesgue spaces
over bounded quasi‐metric measure spaces. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the operators
and
on the spaces
when
. Furthermore, we obtain some new characterizations for certain subspaces of
.
Prognostic impact of pulmonary nodules diagnosed at initial presentation in patients with osteosarcoma
Authors: Irtan Sabine , Donadieu Jean , Pacquement Hélène , Tabone Marie‐Dominique , Piperno‐Neumann Sophie , Gaspar Nathalie , Jimenez Marta , Larroquet Michèle , Sarnacki Sabine , Cellier Cécile , Brugières Laurence
Published: April 2022

Background

Resection of all lung metastases in patients with osteosarcoma improves survival. The increased computed tomography (CT) scan quality allows detecting smaller nodules. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of those nodules that do not meet the classical criteria for lung metastases.

Methods

A central radiology review (CRR) on lung CT scans performed during the treatment of patients included in OS2006 trial and treated with a high‐dose methotrexate‐based chemotherapy from 2007 to 2013 was realized in three centers.

Results

At trial enrollment, among 77 patients, six (8%) had nodules meeting the trial's criteria for metastatic disease, 46 (60%) were classified as having localized disease, and 25 (32%) as having doubtful nodules. After CRR, 218 nodules were found at diagnosis (all in patients classified as “metastatic or doubtful” and 13 patients classified as “localized”) (median two nodules per patient [1–52]). The 5‐year event‐free survival/overall survival (EFS/OS) of patients with at least one nodule versus no nodule were similar (67.7%/79.2% vs. 81.8%/91%). After histological analysis, two of 46 (4.3%) “localized” and eight of 25 (32.0%) “doubtful” patients were re‐classified as “metastatic,” whereas there was no change in patients initially “metastatic.” The 5‐year OS of confirmed histological metastatic versus nonmetastatic patients were different (56% vs. 92%, p < .01).

Conclusion

Central review of lung CT scan increased the detection of nodules in osteosarcoma. Patients with small lung nodules classified as doubtful had a quite similar outcome as those with a localized disease. However, patients with confirmed metastatic nodules have a poorer prognosis, even if considered as “localized” at diagnosis.
Registration of ‘S16‐11651C’, a conventional soybean cultivar with high yield, resistance to multiple diseases, and broad adaptation
Authors: Chen Pengyin , Ali Md Liakat , Shannon J. Grover , Canella Vieira Caio , Lee Dongho , Crisel Melissa , Smothers Scotty , Clubb Michael , Selves Stewart , Scaboo Andrew , Usovsky Mariola , Nguyen Henry , Mitchum Melissa , Li Zenglu , Bond Jason P. , Meinhardt Clinton G. , Li Shuxian , Gillen Anne M. , Mengistu Alemu , Robbins Robert T. , Mozzoni Leandro Angel , Zhang Bo , Smith James Rusty , Buckley J. Blair , Moseley David
Published: April 2022

‘S16‐11651C’ (Reg. no. CV‐549, PI 699631) is an early maturity group (MG) V, semi‐determinate, conventional, high‐yielding soybean [Glycine max (L) Merr.] cultivar developed and released in 2020 by the University of Missouri–Fisher Delta Research Center Soybean Breeding Program. High global demand for soybean oil and animal feed and U.S. mid‐southern growers’ interest in early‐MG V conventional cultivars with high yield potential, desired protein and oil content, and broad disease resistance motivated the development and release of S16‐11651C soybean. S16‐11651C was tested in 94 environments in Missouri and 11 other mid‐southern states from 2017 to 2020 for yield and other agronomic traits. On average, S16‐11651C yielded 4,327 kg ha–1, which is 292 kg ha–1 higher than the all‐tests mean of 4,035 kg ha–1. S16‐11651C seed contains 413 (41.3%) and 220 (22%) g kg–1 of protein and oil, respectively, on a dry weight basis. S16‐11651C exhibits relative maturity of 5.3 and has white flowers, tawny pubescence, and tan pod walls. The seed is yellow with intermediate luster and black hila with a weight of 13.5 g 100–1 seed. S16‐11561C is 88 cm tall on average with resistance to lodging. It is resistant to cyst nematode (races 1, 2, and 5 with moderate resistance to race 3), peanut and southern root‐knot nematode, reniform nematode, brown stem rot, charcoal rot, and purple seed stain and moderately resistant to Phomopsis seed decay. S16‐11561C has the capacity to exclude chloride. In addition to its high yield potential, high seed protein and oil content, and early maturity, S16‐11561C has exhibited broad adaptation across mid‐southern states.
Molecular interactions of STAC proteins with skeletal muscle dihydropyridine receptor and excitation‐contraction coupling
Authors: Shishmarev Dmitry , Rowland Emily , Aditya Shouvik , Sundararaj Srinivasan , Oakley Aaron J. , Dulhunty Angela F. , Casarotto Marco G.
Published: April 2022

Excitation‐contraction coupling (ECC) is the physiological process in which an electrical signal originating from the central nervous system is converted into muscle contraction. In skeletal muscle tissue, the key step in the molecular mechanism of ECC initiated by the muscle action potential is the cooperation between two Ca2+ channels, dihydropyridine receptor (DHPR; voltage‐dependent L‐type calcium channel) and ryanodine receptor 1 (RyR1). These two channels were originally postulated to communicate with each other via direct mechanical interactions; however, the molecular details of this cooperation have remained ambiguous. Recently, it has been proposed that one or more supporting proteins are in fact required for communication of DHPR with RyR1 during the ECC process. One such protein that is increasingly believed to play a role in this interaction is the SH3 and cysteine‐rich domain‐containing protein 3 (STAC3), which has been proposed to bind a cytosolic portion of the DHPR α1S subunit known as the II–III loop. In this work, we present direct evidence for an interaction between a small peptide sequence of the II–III loop and several residues within the SH3 domains of STAC3 as well as the neuronal isoform STAC2. Differences in this interaction between STAC3 and STAC2 suggest that STAC3 possesses distinct biophysical features that are potentially important for its physiological interactions with the II–III loop. Therefore, this work demonstrates an isoform‐specific interaction between STAC3 and the II–III loop of DHPR and provides novel insights into a putative molecular mechanism behind this association in the skeletal muscle ECC process.
Identification of dynamic microRNA associated with systemic defence against Helicoverpa armigera infestation in Cajanus scarabaeoides
Authors: Malhotra Era Vaidya , Jain Rishu , Tyagi Saurabh , Venkat Raman K , Bansal Sangita , Pattanayak Debasis
Published: April 2022

Background

Helicoverpa armigera is a major insect pest of several crop plants, including pigeonpea. Resistant gene sources are not available in the cultivated gene pool, but resistance has been observed in its crop wild relative, Cajanus scarabaeoides. Gene regulatory mechanisms governing the systemic immune response of this plant to pod borer infestation have not yet been deciphered. MicroRNA (miRNA) profiles of H. armigera‐infested and undamaged adjacent leaves of C. scarabaeoides were compared to gain an insight into the plant–insect interactions and to identify dynamic miRNA molecules potentially acting as mediators of systemic defence responses.

Results

A total of 211 conserved, temporally dynamic miRNA were identified in the unfed adjacent leaves, out of which 98 were found to be differentially expressed in comparison to control leaves. On further analysis, most of the miRNA detected in the adjacent leaves was found to target genes involved in the defence pathways and plant immune response. An overlap of the differentially expressing miRNAs was observed between insect‐fed and adjacent unfed leaves, indicating the transmission of signal from the site of infestation to the undamaged parts of the plant, indicative of induction of a systemic defence response.

Conclusion

The miRNA response in the unfed leaves had the signatures of induced changes in metabolism and signal transduction for induction of defence pathway genes. This study reveals the participation of miRNAs in imparting pod borer resistance and mounting a systemic defence response against pod borer infestation in C. scarabaeoides. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Digital Storytelling With Youth From Refugee Backgrounds: Possibilities for Language and Digital Literacy Learning
Authors: Kendrick Maureen , Early Margaret , Michalovich Amir , Mangat Meena
Published: April 2022

This study addresses the urgent need to develop innovative pedagogies that build upon and enhance the digital literacies and representational practices of culturally and linguistically diverse youth from refugee backgrounds. In Canadian high schools, this population of students enter school with varying levels of literacy in their first language(s), as well as potentially difficult experiences due to their forced migration. For many, learning English, may become a formidable challenge. A growing corpus of case studies is beginning to show how pedagogies that draw on youths’ everyday meaning making, including their digital literacies, can effectively engage English learners in academic learning. In this qualitative, ethnographic case study involving nine youth in an English language learning classroom, we addressed the question: What is the potential for digital storytelling to draw from the fuller context of the lives and literacies of youth from refugee backgrounds to enable more autonomous language learning and identity affirmation? Our study is informed by interrelated conceptual frameworks: learner autonomy; investment in language and literacy learning; and digital literacies. Using thematic and multimodal/visual analysis, data were collaboratively coded to identify four interweaving themes: 1) use of multimodal meaning making to communicate complex, critical understandings; 2) emergence of digital literacies; 3) challenges of communicating in digital spaces; and 4) investment in identity affirmation in language learning. Implications focus on how digital storytelling as an innovative pedagogy has the potential to create space within the curriculum for stories that have deep meaning for learners.
Ophthalmic artery Doppler at 19–23 weeks' gestation in pregnancies that deliver small‐for‐gestational‐age neonates
Authors: Abdel Azim S. , Wright A. , Sapantzoglou I. , Nicolaides K. H. , Charakida M.
Published: April 2022

Objectives

First, to explore hemodynamic differences between pregnancies delivering a small‐for‐gestational‐age (SGA) neonate in the absence of hypertensive disorders and those that develop pre‐eclampsia (PE) or gestational hypertension (GH), by comparing the ophthalmic artery peak systolic velocity (PSV) ratio and first (PSV1) and second (PSV2) PSV at 19–23 weeks' gestation, and second, to compare these pregnancies for markers of placental perfusion and function.

Methods

This was a prospective observational study in women attending for a routine hospital visit at 19 + 1 to 23 + 3 weeks' gestation. This visit included recording of maternal demographic characteristics and medical history, ultrasound examination for assessment of fetal anatomy and growth, and measurement of maternal ophthalmic artery PSV ratio, PSV1, PSV2, mean arterial pressure (MAP), uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) and serum placental growth factor (PlGF). The values of PSV ratio, PSV1, PSV2, MAP, UtA‐PI and PlGF were converted to multiples of the median (MoM) or deltas. Mean MoMs or deltas of these biomarkers in the SGA, PE and GH groups were compared with those in the unaffected group. The definition of SGA was birth weight below the 10th percentile in the absence of PE or GH.

Results

The study population of 5214 pregnancies contained 4375 (83.9%) that were unaffected by SGA, PE or GH, 563 (10.8%) complicated by SGA, 157 (3.0%) with PE and 119 (2.3%) with GH. There were three main findings of the study. First, in the SGA, PE and GH groups, compared with unaffected pregnancies, the PSV ratio delta, PSV2 MoM, MAP MoM and UtA‐PI MoM were increased and PlGF MoM was decreased; however, the magnitude of most changes was smaller in the SGA group than in PE and GH groups. Second, in the PE and GH groups, but not in the SGA group, PSV1 MoM was increased. Third, in general, in the pathological pregnancies, the magnitude of deviation of biomarkers from unaffected pregnancies was greater for those delivering at < 37 than at ≥ 37 weeks' gestation.

Conclusion

In mid‐gestation, pregnancies that subsequently develop hypertensive disorders and those delivering a SGA neonate, compared with unaffected pregnancies, have abnormal uteroplacental measurements and increased maternal ophthalmic artery PSV ratio. These data suggest similar pathophysiology in the two conditions, with evidence of placental dysfunction and increased peripheral vascular resistance, but the magnitude of abnormalities is greater in hypertensive disorders. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Measuring properties of a dark photon from semi-invisible decay of the Higgs boson
Authors: Beauchesne Hugues , Chiang Cheng-Wei
Published: April 2022

Abstract

Considerable efforts have been dedicated to discovering a dark photon via the decay of the Higgs boson to a photon and an invisible particle. A subject that is still mostly unexplored is which properties of the dark photon could be measured at the LHC if an excess were to be found in this channel and whether we could determine if this signal is indeed that of a dark photon. In this paper, we seek to address some of these questions for two Higgs production channels: gluon-fusion and Z-associated. First, prospects are presented for the upper limit on the mass of a massless dark photon and for the uncertainty on the mass of a massive dark photon. Second, we study the feasibility of distinguishing this signal from that of the Higgs decaying to a gravitino and a neutralino that decays to a photon and another gravitino. Finally, the complementary possibility of observing the decay of the Higgs to a dark photon and a Z boson is studied.
Statinintoleranz und statinassoziierte Muskelschmerzen
Authors: Stürzebecher Paulina Elena , Schumann Friederike , Kassner Ursula , Laufs Ulrich
Published: April 2022

Statine gehören zu den bestuntersuchten Medikamenten. Aufgrund der umfangreichen Evidenz in Bezug auf Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit gehören sie zur Basis der lipidsenkenden Therapie. Während die Verträglichkeit von Statinen in den großen verblindeten Studien auf Placeboniveau liegt, stellt die sogenannte Statinintoleranz (SI) im klinischen Alltag ein häufiges und komplexes Problem dar. Am häufigsten werden statinassoziierte muskuläre Schmerzen (SAMS) berichtet. SI ist in vielen Fällen mit einer unzureichenden Senkung des LDL(„low-density lipoprotein“)-Cholesterins (LDL-C) assoziiert und erhöht damit das kardiovaskuläre Risiko. Die Diagnose von SAMS basiert auf dem Ausschluss möglicher alternativer Ursachen für Muskelsymptome und dem Ausschluss von Noceboeffekten durch eine diagnostische Strategie des Absetzens der Statinbehandlung, der Beobachtung und Bewertung der Symptome, gefolgt von einer erneuten Verabreichung eines anderen, zunächst niedrig dosierten Statins mit nachfolgender Dosissteigerung. Ein Großteil der Patienten mit SI und SAMS kann durch dieses Vorgehen Statine dauerhaft und ohne Beschwerden einnehmen. Bei unzureichender LDL-C-Senkung kommen frühzeitig Kombinationstherapien zum Einsatz. Es ist eine wichtige Aufgabe der verschreibenden Ärzte und aller an der Behandlung Beteiligten, durch eine geeignete Kommunikation die Einnahmetreue von Statinen zu erhöhen. Zahlreiche Fragen zu SI sind noch offen und werden u. a. in einem laufenden Register adressiert.
Point cloud based tool path generation for corrective machining in ultra-precision diamond turning
Authors: Buhmann Marco , Carelli Erich , Egger Christian , Frick Klaus
Published: April 2022

The increasing demand for machining non-rotational optical surfaces requires capable and flexible cutting tool path generation methods for ultra-precision diamond turning. Furthermore, the recent interest in on-machine metrology and corrective machining requires efficient as well as accurate algorithms capable to handle point cloud based surface data. In the present work, a new computation method for the tool path generation is proposed that focuses on three-axes corrective machining. It is based on the principle of defining the surface to be machined by a point cloud of given density, since surface measurement data is usually available as point cloud. Numeric approximation techniques are used to compute the surface normal vectors and calculate the resulting positions of the cutting tool path preserving a uniform radial axis motion for face turning. Investigations are performed in order to quantify the error between the calculated tool path and the exact analytical solution. The error dependencies are analyzed regarding the local surface slope and numerical parameters. Error values below 1 nm are achieved. In addition, form deviation results prove the method’s capability for corrective diamond turn machining.
The relevance of transition habitats for butterfly conservation
Authors: Habel Jan Christian , Angerer Viktoria , Gros Patrick , Teucher Mike , Eberle Jonas
Published: April 2022

Biodiversity is declining across the globe. Main drivers causing the vanishing of species are habitat destruction and the transformation of former heterogeneous landscapes into homogeneous and intensively used landscapes. Modern land management focuses on the creation of landscape configuration with sharp boundaries between ecosystems. In consequence, transition zones between two ecosystems such as between forest and open grassland are rare, as it counteracts the efficient and commercial use of space. However, there are many species relying on such transition zones between habitats, as the Clouded Apollo butterflyParnassius mnemosyne. This highly endangered butterfly species occurs in light deciduous forests, interspersed with extensively used grasslands. In our study, we analysed habitat requirements of this butterfly species. We recorded larvae and feeding marks at its primary larval food plant,Corydalis cava, and assessed microhabitat characteristics, including microclimatic conditions. We captured high-resolution multispectral aerial imagery with an unmanned aerial vehicle. We subsequently combined ground-truthing data with information from high resolution aerial pictures to calculate habitat suitability models. We found thatP. mnemosynelarvae mainly occur in the transition zone between deciduous light forest and extensively used grasslands withC. cava. Caterpillars ofP. mnemosyneare particularly found around trees, basking on foliage and grass to rapidly reach high operation temperatures. Results from Species Distribution Models underline the relevance of transition zones between habitats forP. mnemosyne, and for biodiversity in general. The Clouded Apollo may serve as excellent indicator species for light deciduous forests, and as flagship to promote the conservation and restoration of transition zones between habitats in nature conservation.
Characterising the proteomic response of mushroom pathogen Lecanicillium fungicola to Bacillus velezensis QST 713 and Kos biocontrol agents
Authors: Clarke Joy , Grogan Helen , Fitzpatrick David , Kavanagh Kevin
Published: April 2022

The fungal pathogenLecanicillium fungicolacauses dry bubble disease inAgaricus bisporuscultivation and affected mushrooms significantly reduce the yield and revenue for mushroom growers. Biocontrol agents may represent an alternative and more environmentally friendly treatment option to help control dry bubble on mushroom farms. Serenade ® is a commercially available biocontrol product used for disease treatment in plant crops. In this work, the in vitro response ofL. fungicolato the bacterial strain active in Serenade,Bacillus velezensis(QST 713) and a newly isolatedB. velezensisstrain (Kos) was assessed.B. velezensis(QST713 and Kos) both produced zones of inhibition on plate cultures ofL. fungicola, reduced the mycelium growth in liquid cultures and damaged the morphology and structure ofL. fungicolahyphae. The proteomic response of the pathogen against these biocontrol strains was also investigated. Proteins involved in growth and translation such as 60S ribosomal protein L21-A (−32-fold) and 40S ribosomal protein S30 (−17-fold) were reduced in abundance inB. velezensisQST 713 treated samples, while proteins involved in a stress response were increased (norsolorinic acid reductase B (47-fold), isocitrate lyase (11-fold) and isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (8-fold).L. fungicolawas found to have a similar proteomic response when exposed toB. velezensis(Kos). This work provides information on the response ofL. fungicolatoB. velezensis(QST 713) and indicates the potential ofB. velezensisKos as a novel biocontrol agent.
COVID-19 and pro-sociality: How do donors respond to local pandemic severity, increased salience, and media coverage?
Authors: Adena Maja , Harke Julian
Published: April 2022

Has the COVID-19 pandemic affected pro-sociality among individuals? After the onset of the pandemic, many charitable appeals were updated to include a reference to COVID-19. Did donors increase their giving in response to such changes? In order to answer these questions, we conducted a real-donation online experiment with more than 4200 participants from 149 local areas in England and over 21 weeks. First, we varied the fundraising appeal to either include or exclude a reference to COVID-19. We found that including the reference to COVID-19 in the appeal increased donations. Second, in a natural experiment-like approach, we studied how the relative local severity of the pandemic and media coverage about local COVID-19 severity affected giving in our experiment. We found that both higher local severity and more related articles increased giving of participants in the respective areas. This holds for different specifications, including specifications with location fixed effects, time fixed effects, a broad set of individual characteristics to account for a potentially changing composition of the sample over time and to account for health- and work-related experiences with and expectations regarding the pandemic. While negative experiences with COVID-19 correlate negatively with giving, both approaches led us to conclude that the pure effect of increased salience of the pandemic on pro-sociality is positive. Despite the shift in public attention toward the domestic fight against the pandemic and away from developing countries’ challenges, we found that preferences did not shift toward giving more to a national project and less to developing countries.
Assessing the Implementation of AI Integrated CRM System for B2C Relationship Management: Integrating Contingency Theory and Dynamic Capability View Theory
Authors: Chatterjee Sheshadri , Mikalef Patrick , Khorana Sangeeta , Kizgin Hatice
Published: April 2022

Customer relationship management (CRM) is a strategic approach to manage an organization’s interaction with current and potential customers. Artificial Intelligence (AI) can analyze huge volume of data without human intervention. The integration of AI with existing legacy CRM system in the business to customer (B2C) relationship makes sense given the massive potential for growth of AI integrated CRM system. Failure to plan AI-CRM technology implementation in an organization could lead some to success and others to failure. The Contingency theory states that it is not possible for organizations to take decisions without a contingency plan and the optimal course of action depends on the internal and external circumstances. The Dynamic Capability View theory emphasizes the organizational ability to react adequately in a timely manner to any external changes and combines multiple capabilities of the organization, including organizational CRM and AI capabilities. Against this background, the purpose of this study is to examine the success and failure of implementation of AI integrated CRM system in an organization from B2C perspective using Contingency theory and Dynamic Capability View theory. The study finds that information quality, system fit, and organizational fit significantly and positively impact the implementation of AI-CRM for B2C relationship management. Also, there is a moderating impact of technology turbulence on both acceptance and failure of AI-CRM capability in the organization.