bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UMA ETNOGRAFIA NUM PRESÍDIO FEMININO NO SUL DO BRASIL: MULHERES-MÃES E SEUS FILHOS NO CÁRCERE
Authors: Perussolo Aline , De Oliveira Micheline Ramos , Pugliesi Fábio , Dittrich Maria Glória
Published: October 2017

Com base num discurso crítico sobre a maternidade (BADINTER, 1980) elegemos como foco desta pesquisa uma discussão sobre a maternidade no interior de presídios femininos e o papel do Estado e de políticas públicas, que deveriam humanizar esta experiência. Nosso campo se deu numa penitenciária feminina situada no sul do Brasil, nossas interlocutoras foram mães que criam seus filhos dentro do presídio. Além delas, entrevistamos a diretora do presídio e agentes prisionais. O método utilizado foi a pesquisa qualitativa, elaborada por meio de uma etnografia e de entrevistas livres formatadas em narrativas biográficas das mulheres em foco. Diante da barbárie do sistema prisional brasileiro, um berçário apareceu como um oásis, numa tentativa de humanização de um lugar antes fétido e inapropriado para o abrigo de qualquer adulto e, neste caso, de crianças em idade de amamentação e suas mães. Uma política pública customizada, diante de um contexto precário, com certeza não resolverá os problemas estruturais de nossas prisões, mas desponta como um sinalizador que iniciativas aparentemente pequenas, modificam a vida de uma parcela da população e, nesta discussão num sentido mais amplo, demonstra que as maternidades e suas vicissitudes devem ser tratadas como relações construídas contextual e historicamente e respeitadas, como no caso do presídio, pelos Estados e suas políticas públicas.
PERCEPÇÃO DOS ESTUDANTES DE MEDICINA ACERCA DA RESIDÊNCIA EM MEDICINA DE FAMÍLIA E COMUNIDADE
Authors: Tinoco Aline Stela , Oliveira Inajara Carla , Cutolo Luiz Roberto Agea , Maeyama Marcos Aurélio
Published: October 2017

Introdução: Ainda há poucos dados na literatura que indiquem as percepções dos estudantes pela residência em Medicina de Família e Comunidade (MFC) no contexto de escolha da especialidade médica. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil dos estudantes formandos no Curso de Medicina da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI) no ano de 2016, e assim analisar suas percepções sobre a Medicina da Família e Comunidade no contexto de escolha da especialidade médica. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa com abordagem analítico-descritiva, tendo como técnica de coleta de dados a aplicação de um questionário previamente elaborado pelos pesquisadores, contendo perguntas objetivas. Este estudo contou com a participação de 21 acadêmicos formandos no Curso de Medicina da Região do Vale do Itajaí do primeiro semestre do ano de 2016. Resultados: Os alunos que responderam à pesquisa apresentaram média de idade de 26 anos. Quanto ao gênero, a pesquisa identificou o predomínio do sexo feminino, totalizando 57,1% (12 sujeitos) da amostra. É possível inferir que os fatores mais levados em conta na opinião dos acadêmicos na escolha por MFC foram em primeiro lugar a “carga horária relativamente baixa com horários definidos”, juntamente com “olhar médico ampliado, além do biomédico”, ambos correspondendo a 57,1%, seguido da “oportunidade de trabalho em qualquer região”, 52,4% e, por fim, a “atuação ampla em diversas disciplinas médicas”, 47,6%. Conclusão: Mesmo frente ao movimento de mudança desta realidade proposta pelo governo, observa-se que estas ainda são incipientes, e assim continuarão se não propuserem uma maior consolidação e incentivo financeiro para valorização profissional desta área.
A REDE SOCIAL FACEBOOK COMO TECNOLOGIA SOCIAL NA EDUCAÇÃO: DE QUE FORMA A COLABORAÇÃO EM UM AMBIENTE WEB PODE MUDAR A RELAÇÃO PROFESSOR-ALUNO E POTENCIALIZAR O APRENDIZADO?
Authors: Baratto Mariângela Barichello , Alberti Taís Fim
Published: October 2017

O impacto das Tecnologias da Informação e da Comunicação está diretamente relacionado ao papel das tecnologias na sociedade. Em tempos de sociedades virtuais, elas são cada vez mais necessárias em vários ambientes, inclusive educacionais. Vem à tona a importância de tecnologias que possam gerar produtos e metodologias inovadoras, resultar interação entre os envolvidos no processo educacional e, assim, melhorias no ensino, aprendizado, gerando transformações sociais. Assim, a presente pesquisa é pautada no uso da Rede Social Facebook como tecnologia social em sala de aula e pretende identificar potencialidades desta rede como potencializadora da relação professor-aluno. Para isso, reflexões foram construídas a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, envolvendo conceitos-chave, como: tecnologias sociais na educação, sociedade da informação, colaboração, participação e competências educacionais.
Gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters of ornamental bromeliads
Authors: Da Silva Karina Gonçalves , Da Silva Emerson Alves , Ferreira Mauricio Lamano , Kanashiro Shoey , De Camargo Plínio Barbosa , Tavares Armando Reis
Published: October 2017

Gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence are widely used in physiological and ecological studies; however, few studies have used these techniques with ornamental plants. This study tested the potential contribution of gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence to evaluate the water and nutrients uptake by the tank and root system of epiphyte bromeliad Guzmania lingulata. For this purpose, we conducted an experiment with different water regime and another with different concentrations of nitrogen. The experiments were: 1 - Watering: Control (application of water into Tank and Root), Tank (watering into Tank), Root (watering Root) and Drought (water suspension during the 90 days of experimentation) and 2 - Nitrogen: Plants fertilized with Hoagland and Arnon nutrient solution exclusively into Tank or Root with nitrogen concentrations of control and 2.62 or 5.34 mM N applied as urea. The Fv /Fm ratio allowed comparing the treatments between experiments, demonstrating that Root and Tank both have the capacity to maintain G. lingulata photosynthetic activity and growth, while Drought treatment (water suspension) was the limiting factor for energy conversion efficiency of PSII. However, gas exchange was more permissive as a parameter for comparing treatments in the nitrogen experiment, providing important information about the general aspects of the photosynthetic process in the watering experiment. Both gas exchange and chlorophyll a fluorescence can support the evaluation of G. lingulata physiological status and can be useful tools in ornamental horticultural studies.
Rumo a vinte anos do regime de metas para inflação no Brasil (1999/2016): uma análise dos resultados
Authors: Ramos Ramony , Salles Alexandre Ottoni Teatini
Published: October 2017

O Regime de Metas de Inflação (RMI) é um instrumento de política monetáriautilizado em diversos países, desenvolvidos e emergentes, como ferramenta de controle da inflação. Em julho de 1999, após vários ataques especulativos, o Brasil deixou de usar a âncora cambial como principal ferramenta para controle da inflação, e passou a adotar o RMI. Entretanto, alguns autores criticam a implementação deste regime no Brasil e demonstram que ele não tem se mostrado eficaz, tanto no combate à inflação como no suporte ao crescimento econômico do país. Este trabalho pretende fornecer subsídios para o debate sobre os custos e benefícios que este regime tem gerado para a economia brasileira. O objetivo é apresentar os fundamentos e fazer uma avaliação crítica dos resultados do RMI no Brasil no período 1999 a 2016. A análise reveladurante a maior parte deste período a inflação se manteve próximo das metas propostas, porém devido às altas taxas de juros praticadas, esta política econômica torna mais lenta e penosa a manutenção de níveis de crescimento mais elevados. Conclui-se que devido às consequências que estas políticas têm acarretado para o lado real da economia, tal estratégia de controle de preços carece de uma ampla revisão.
Identificação e análise espacial de concentração dos clusters produtivos dos setores de confecções e couro-calçadista na região Nordeste entre 1997 e 2012
Authors: Lins Julyan Gleyvison Machado Gouveia , Da Silva Magno Vamberto Batista
Published: October 2017

Este artigo utiliza a Análise Espacial de Concentração para a identificação e a análise da evolução dinâmica dos clusters produtivos nos setores de confecções e couro-calçadista dos municípios do Nordeste entre 1997 e 2012. Para isso, utiliza-se o uso do Índice de Concentração Normalizado e a Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais. Os resultados encontrados sugerem que o setor de confecções apresenta concentração espacial dos clusters produtivos nos Estados de Pernambuco, Ceará e Rio Grande do Norte. O setor de couros e calçados, por sua vez, apresenta maior concentração nos municípios do Estado do Ceará e da Bahia. Além disso, percebe-se transbordamento espacial dos clusters nos dois setores entre os municípios no período em estudo.
Sebaran Material Organik dan Zat Hara Oleh Arus Pasang Surut di Muara Sungai Demaan, Jepara (The Distribution of Organic Matter and Nutrients by Tidal Current at Demaan Estuary, Jepara)
Authors: Maslukah Lilik , Indrayanti Elis , Rifai Azis
Published: October 2017

Arus pasang surut di muara sungai dapat mempengaruhi penyebaran material organik dan zat hara. Keberadaan material organik dan zat hara di perairan dapat menentukan kualitas suatu perairan. Kandungan material organik dan zat hara dalam jumlah berlebihan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya eutrofikasi pada badan air dan menyebabkan kandungan oksigen di perairan menjadi rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat sebaran material organik, nitrat dan fosfat oleh pengaruh arus pasang surut. Penelitian dilakukan di muara Sungai Demaan, Jepara. Penentuan konsentrasi material organik dalam contoh air laut menggunakan metode titrasi permanganate, sementara nitrat dan fosfat ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode spektrofometrik. Sebaran material organik, nitrat dan fosfat digambarkan dengan software ArGIS, sedangkan simulasi arus pasang surut menggunakan software SMS. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi material organik dan zat hara lebih tinggi saat surut dibanding saat pasang. Sebaran material organik dan fosfat mengikuti arus pasang surut yaitu  mengarah ke utara saat surut dan kembali  mengarah ke arah selatan pada saat pasang. Disimpulkan bahwa material organik dan fosfat bersumber dari sungai. Kata kunci : arus pasang surut, material organik, zat hara The distribution of organic matter and nutrients in the estuary can be influenced by tidal current. The presence of organic matter and nutrients can determine the water quality. However, the exceed amount of organic matter and nutrient in the water could lead to eutrofication that caused the depletion of dissolved oxygen. The research was aimed to determine the distribution of organic matter and nutrients (i.e. phophate and nitrate) due to the tidal current in Demaan estuary, Jepara. The titration method with permanganate was used to measure the organic matter concentration in the samples. Meanwhile, the spectrophotometric method was used to measure nitrate and phosphate concentration in the samples. Tidal current was simulated by Surface water Modelling System (SMS) software, and the distribution of organic matter, nitrate and phosphate was plotted using ArGIS software. The result showed that the concentration of organic matter and nutrients is higher at ebb tide than flood tide. The distribution of organic matter and phosphate followed the tidal current, flowing to the north at ebb tide and back to south at flood tide. It is concluded that organic matter and phosphate sourced from the rivers. Keywords : tidal current, organic matter, nutrient
Characteristics of Mixed Layer Depth and Its Effect on Concentration of Chlorophyll-a (Karakteristik Mixed Layer Depth dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Konsentrasi Klorofil-a)
Authors: Ryandhini Novita Ayu , Zainuri Muhammad , D. K. Anastasia Rita Tisiana
Published: October 2017

Perairan Selat Badung memiliki karakteristik yang sebagian besar dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas Arus Lintas Indonesia (ARLINDO). Pencampuran massa air akibat pergerakan massa air vertikal menjadikan kondisi lapisan yang homogen, dimana nilai suhu, salinitas dan densitas berada pada nilai yang hampir sama di lapisan tertentu akan membentuk Mixed Layer Depth (MLD). Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui karakteristik MLD dan pengaruhnya terhadap konsentrasi klorofil-a di Perairan Selat Badung, Bali. Metode pengukuran klorofil-a menggunakan spektrofotometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu dan salinitas sebagai parameter MLD, membentuk lapisan yang homogen pada kedalaman yang bervariasi. Sebaran kandungan klorofil-a pada kedalaman MLD 12-23 m, menunjukkan nilai klorofil-a yang cenderung lebih tinggi pada permukaan perairan dibandingkan di perairan yang lebih dalam. Pada MLD kedalaman 12-60 m, menunjukkan bahwa kecenderungan kandungan klorofil-a lebih tinggi pada lapisan di kedalaman tersebut. Namun pada beberapa stasiun menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terdapat lapisan homogen yang cukup dalam, kandungan klorofil-a lebih tinggi di lapisan permukaan dibandingkan pada perairan yang lebih dalam. Kata Kunci: mixed layer depth, klorofil-a, perairan selat Badung Badung Strait characteristics is largely influenced by the ARLINDO (Indonesian Throughflow) current activity. The mixing of water masses due to the vertical movement of water masses, homogenized some range of layer (Mixed Layer Depth), whereas the value of temperature, salinity and density were about on the same range. The study was conducted to determine the characteristics of MLD and its influence on the concentration of chlorophyll-a of Badung Strait, Bali. Chlorophyll-a content was measured by using spectrophotometry method. The results showed that temperature and salinity as the MLD parameters, formed homogeneous layer (MLD) at varying depths. Distribution of MLD at depth of 12-23 m, indicating that chlorophyll-a consentration tends to be higher on the surface than at depth. In conditions at depth of 12-60 m, showed that chlorophyll-a higher on the depth, where a lot of MLD formed on the layer. However, in some stations showed that although there were quite a lot of homogeneous layer, chlorophyll-a consentration was higher on the surface than in the depth. Keywords: Mixed Layer Depth, Chlorophyll-a, Badung Strait
Hydrodynamics of Bontang Seawaters: Its Effects on the Distribution of Water Quality Parameters
Authors: Wisha Ulung Jantama , Husrin Semeidi , Prasetyo Gegar Sapta
Published: October 2017

Bontang is a crowded with residential and industrial activities which produce heat waste into surrounding waters. This condition may cause environmental problems, and changes in water condition. Knowledge about dynamics of physic and chemical waters condition in Bontang city is very important as an effort to address environmental issues as part of coastal zone management and protection. The aim of this research is to understand hydrodynamic characteristics (tide and current) and the influence to distribution of physics and chemical in Bontang waters base on primary data (current and tide during one month, physics and chemicals waters data taken by in situ) and secondary data (bathymetry and tide forecasting). Hydrodynamic simulation is based on MIKE 21 and supported by CD-Oceanography and WR plot. The results show that the current is dominant move toward the Southwest and Northeast with current speed ranged from 0-0,22 m.s-1. The results of hydrodynamic simulation in the surface water show that the current move base on tide movement with current speed ranged from 0-0,24 m.s-1. The results of physic and chemical concentration is analysed by ArcGIS 10 to know spatial distribution of all parameters. Surface temperature ranged from 29-31,8oC, surface density ranged from 20-20,6 ppm, salinity ranged from 33,1-33,5 ppm, dissolve oxygen concentration ranged from 0,078-0,11 ppm. Distribution of all physic and chemical parameters is influenced by current and tide movement. Keywords: current, numerical model, water quality, Bontang waters
Condition of 137Cs Activity in Karimunjawa Waters and its Distribution When an NPP Jepara is Operated
Authors: Muslim Muslim , Suseno Heny , Saodah Siti
Published: October 2017

Karimunjawa islands are located in the middle of the Java Sea, approximately 83 km northwest of Jepara city. These islands have become an Indonesian marine tourism destination and since 2001 had been designated as a national park. The Indonesian government has chosen Muria peninsula in the district of Jepara, Indonesia as a site for a potential nuclear power plant (NPP). The purpose of this study was to determine the current level of radiocesium (137Cs) activity and forecast its spread if an NPP is operated at Jepara. To determine the distribution of 137Cs in Karimunjawa waters, a sampling of water was done in six stations. Simulation modeling was used to map the distribution of 137Cs should an NPP be constructed in Jepara. The results showed that 137Cs activity in Karimunjawa waters ranges from 0.12 to 0.39 mBq.L-1 with an average of 0.24 mBq.L-1. This value is slightly higher than previous studies in the coastal waters of Gresik, which had an average activity of 0.200 mBq.L-1 because the waters around Karimunjawa have a lower dilution rate than the coastal waters of Gresik. However, these values were considerably lower than those in the waters of Northeast Japan before the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident which registered 137Cs activity at 2-3 mBq.L-1.This indicates that 137Cs in Karimunjawa is not entirely from Fukushima rather from the global fallout. The 137Cs distribution model suggests that after 15 days, a leakage in the Muria Peninsula nuclear plant will not contaminate Karimunjawa waters because the current in the Java Sea is relatively weak and dominant in the westward direction. Thus, when an NPP leak only runs for 15 days, Karimunjawa waters remain safe.Keyword: 137Cs, Karimunjawa, NPP, modeling, Muria Peninsula
New Record of Mozambique Scorpionfish, Parascorpaena mossambica (Peters, 1855), (Actinopterygii: Order, Scorpaeniformes; Family: Scorpaendiae) From Indian Waters
Authors: Naranji Muddula Krishna , Velamala Govinda Rao , Sujatha Kandula
Published: October 2017

Parascorpaena mossambica is one of the rare species of Scorpaenidae in the Visakhapatnam coastal waters, India. Ten specimens are characterized by Dorsal fin IX 9; Anal fin III 5-6; Pectoral fin rays 15; Lateral line scales 43-44; Lateral line Pored scales 23-24; Lateral transverse scale scales 6-7/1/12-14; lachrymal bone with two lower strong antrose spines, anterior pointed and directed forward, tip reaching dorsal margin of upper lip, covered with skin; posterior one directed forward and slightly downward; suborbital with three spines. Only few records have been made in the whole Indian waters. Due to its rarity, P. mossambica is poorly studied and little known about their biology, ecology and distribution. In the present study provides additional data on this rare species. In particular, we describe its habitat, ecology, presence and distribution with several new records in Indian waters. Keywords: Scorpaenidae, fish, Parascorpaena mossambica, Visakhapatnam
Viabilitas benih dan pertumbuhan bibit kakao (Theobroma cacao L) pada beberapa jenis media simpan dan tingkat kelembaban
Authors: Tambunsaribu Dian Wirawan , Anwar Syaiful , Lukiwati Dwi Retno
Published: October 2017

The research aimed to study the effect of type and humidity level of storage media and teir interaction on cacao seed viability and seedling growth. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized factorial design 3 x 4 with three replications. The first factor is the type of storage media (P) which is control (P0), charcoal shell (P1), and sawdust (P2).  The second factor is the humidity content of storage media (K) which is control (K0), moisture content 15% (K1), moisture content 30% (K2), moisture content 45% (K3). Parameters observed were seeds moisture content, electrical conductivity (EC), seed germination, germination vigor, germination rate,  height of seedling, leaf number of seedling, dry weight of seedling and hypothetic vigor index of seedling. Data were analyzed by anova and followed Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The treatments of charcoal shell and sawdust gave not significant effect to cacao seed viability and seedling growth, but it’s interactions gives significan effect the observed parameters. Combined use of  charcoal shell storage media with humidity content 30% gives the highest result to cacao seed viability and seedling growth after storage.Keywords : seed viability, storage media, humidity level and cacao
Understanding Earliness of Internationalization and Its Impact on Postentry Geographic Diversity of International Young Ventures
Authors: Wu Aiqi , Zhou Lianxi
Published: October 2017

Early and rapid internationalization has emerged as an established phenomenon of research, yet several fundamental issues remain to be studied. In this research, the authors aim to analyze the link between earliness of internationalization—a temporal dimension of foreign market entry—and the geographic diversity of international expansion, as well as the contingent nature of the relationship. They test their hypotheses with empirical data collected in a survey among international young ventures in China. The results show that while earliness of internationalization does not directly lead to the geographic diversity of a venture's international expansion, its impact becomes salient as the venture gains international legitimacy and strategic flexibility. Furthermore, the moderating effects of international legitimacy and strategic flexibility vary according to the type of the venture's first foreign market (regional vs. global). This research advances the knowledge not only of the important role of early foreign market entry but also of the strategic factors for paths created by accelerated internationalization. It potentially contributes to the emergent research on foreign market entry timing/speed of internationalization and performance implications of international young ventures.
Presence of Spotters Improves Bench Press Performance: A Deception Study
Authors: Sheridan Andrew , Marchant David C. , Williams Emily L. , Jones Hollie S. , Hewitt Phil A. , Sparks Andy
Published: October 2017

Sheridan, A, Marchant, DC, Williams, EL, Jones, HS, Hewitt, PA, and Sparks, SA. Presence of spotters improves bench press performance: a deception study. J Strength Cond Res 33(7): 1755–1761, 2019—Resistance exercise is a widely used method of physical training in both recreational exercise and athletic populations. The use of training partners and spotters during resistance exercise is widespread, but little is known about the effect of the presence of these individuals on exercise performance. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the effect of spotter presence on bench press performance. Twelve recreationally trained participants (age, 21.3 ± 0.8 years, height, 1.82 ± 0.1 m, and mass, 84.8 ± 11.1 kg) performed 2 trials of 3 sets to failure at 60% of 1 repetition maximum on separate occasions. The 2 trials consisted of spotters being explicitly present or hidden from view (deception). During the trials, total repetitions (reps), total weight lifted, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and self-efficacy were measured. Total reps and weight lifted were significantly greater with spotters (difference = 4.5 reps, t = 5.68, p < 0.001 and difference = 209.6 kg, t = 5.65, p < 0.001, respectively). Although RPE and local RPE were significantly elevated in the deception trials (difference = 0.78, f = 6.16, p = 0.030 and difference = 0.81, f = 5.89, p = 0.034, respectively), self-efficacy was significantly reduced (difference = 1.58, f = 26.90, p < 0.001). This study demonstrates that resistance exercise is improved by the presence of spotters, which is facilitated by reduced RPE and increased self-efficacy. This has important implications for athletes and clients, who should perform resistance exercise in the proximity of others, to maximize total work performed.
Neuromuscular Effects to 6 Weeks of Loaded Countermovement Jumping With Traditional and Daily Undulating Periodization
Authors: Ullrich Boris , Pelzer Thiemo , Pfeiffer Mark
Published: October 2017

Ullrich, B, Pelzer, T, and Pfeiffer, M. Neuromuscular effects to 6 weeks of loaded countermovement jumping with traditional and daily undulating periodization. J Strength Cond Res 32(3): 660–674, 2018—Loaded vertical jumps are routinely used to enhance athlete's power production in the lower extremity and to optimize jumping and sprinting performance. This study compared traditional (TP) and daily undulating (DUP) periodization on muscle strength, jumping performance, electromyographic (EMG) muscle activity, and muscle architecture during preseason loaded jump training. Twenty-two athletes from different team sports (age: 24.3 ± 2.6 years, height: 175.9 ± 7.5 cm, body mass: 72.2 ± 8.4 kg, 12 males/10 females, strength training experience: 5.1 ± 2.2 years) performed 6 weeks of loaded countermovement jumping (CMJ) (18 sessions) during which subjects arranged the experimental training loads with either TP or DUP. Therefore, loading conditions corresponding to 0, 15, and 30% of individual body mass were used by manipulating weighted training vests and the intensity zones and training volume were equated between the groups. Pre- to post-training, center of mass (COM) maximal CMJ performance, isometric maximal voluntary contractive capacity of the leg extensors (MVC), EMG maximal voluntary muscle activity of knee extensor muscles, and vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscle architecture were examined. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of variances (MANOVA with factors: time × training group) revealed moderate (5–16%) but significant (p ≤ 0.006) temporal increases in COM jumping height, leg extensor MVC and muscle architecture in both groups. Importantly, these temporal alterations were similar using either TP or DUP. Therefore, our data indicate that both periodization models can be effectively applied to increase leg extensor strength, vertical jumping performance, and muscle architecture during short-term preseason loaded jump training.
Influence of Different Methods to Determine Maximum Heart Rate on Training Load Outcomes in Basketball Players
Authors: Berkelmans Daniel M. , Dalbo Vincent J. , Fox Jordan L. , Stanton Robert , Kean Crystal O. , Giamarelos Kate E. , Teramoto Masaru , Scanlan Aaron T.
Published: October 2017

Berkelmans, DM, Dalbo, VJ, Fox, JL, Stanton, R, Kean, CO, Giamarelos, KE, Teramoto, M, and Scanlan, AT. Influence of different methods to determine maximum heart rate on training load outcomes in basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 32(11): 3177–3185, 2018—The summated-heart-rate-zones (SHRZ) approach uses heart rate (HR) responses relative to maximum HR (HRmax) to calculate the internal training load (TL). Age-predicted, test-derived, and session-based approaches have all been used to determine HRmax in team sports. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of using age-predicted, test-derived, and session-based HRmax responses on SHRZ TL in basketball players. Semiprofessional, male basketball players (N = 6) were analyzed during the preparatory training phase. Six age-based approaches were used to predict HRmax including Fox (220 − age); Hossack (206 − [0.567 × age]); Tanaka (208 − [0.7 × age]); Nikolaidis (223 − [1.44 × age]); Nes (211 − [0.64 × age]); and Faff (209.9 − [0.73 × age]). Test-derived HRmax was taken as the highest HR during the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo IRT), whereas session-based HRmax was taken as the higher HR seen during the Yo-Yo IRT or training sessions. Comparisons in SHRZ TL were made at group and individual levels. No significant group differences were evident between SHRZ approaches. Effect size analyses revealed moderate (d = 0.60–0.79) differences between age-predicted, test-derived, and session-based methods across the group and individually in 2 players. The moderate differences between approaches suggest age-predicted, test-derived, and session-based methods to determine HRmax are not interchangeable when calculating SHRZ. Basketball practitioners are encouraged to use individualized HRmax directly measured during field-based tests supplemented with higher HR responses evident during training sessions and games when calculating the SHRZ TL to ensure greatest accuracy.
Analysis of Factors Related to Back Squat Concentric Velocity
Authors: Fahs Christopher A. , Rossow Lindy M. , Zourdos Michael C.
Published: October 2017

Fahs, CA, Rossow, LM, and Zourdos, MC. Aanalysis of factors related to back squat concentric velocity. J Strength Cond Res 32(9): 2435–2441, 2018—Measuring bar velocity during barbell exercises can be a useful metric for prescribing resistance training loads and for predicting the 1 repetition maximum (1RM). However, it is not clear whether either anthropometric factors (e.g., limb length) or training experience influences bar velocity. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between 1RM back squat bar velocity and femur length, training experience, strength, and 36.6-m sprint time in college athletes. Thirteen college football (22 ± 1 years) and 8 college softball players (20 ± 1 years) performed the 36.6-m sprint followed by a 1RM back squat protocol while average concentric velocity and peak concentric velocity were measured. Height (m), body mass (kg), squat training experience (years), squat frequency (d·wk−1), and femur length (m) were also measured. Pearson product moment correlations were used to determine the relationship between variables. Average concentric velocity was not related to training age (r = 0.150, p = 0.515), squat frequency (r = 0.254, p = 0.266), femur length (r = 0.002, p = 0.992), or relative strength (r = −0.090, p = 0.699). Peak concentric velocity was related to 36.6-m sprint time (r = −0.612, p = 0.003), relative squat average (r = 0.489, p = 0.029), and relative peak (r = 0.901, p < 0.001) power. These results suggest that college athletes using velocity to regulate squat training may not necessarily need to modify velocity ranges based on limb length or training age. In addition, peak velocity during a 1RM back squat may be a useful indicator of an athlete's relative power output ability and speed. Coaches may consider measuring velocity during strength testing as a surrogate measure for speed and power.
Prescribing an Annual Plan for the Competitive Surf Athlete: Optimal Methods and Barriers to Implementation
Authors: Bernards Jake , Blaisdell Robert , Light Thaddeus J. , Stone Michael H.
Published: October 2017

AS THE SPORT OF SURFING CONTINUES TO GAIN SUPPORT, THE NEED FOR A SOUND STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROGRAM IS PARAMOUNT. WITH A SEASON LASTING UPWARD OF 8 MONTHS AND TRAVELING ALL OVER THE WORLD, PROGRAMMING FOR THE SPORT OF SURFING QUICKLY BECOMES A CHALLENGE. THEREFORE, THE AIM OF THIS ARTICLE IS TO PROVIDE A BRIEF INTRODUCTION INTO THE TECHNICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE SPORT BEFORE PROVIDING A DETAILED ANNUAL PLAN THE STRENGTH COACH OR SURF ATHLETE CAN MODIFY FOR THEIR OWN USE.
Derivation of Complete Stress–Strain Curve for SSTT-Confined High-Strength Concrete in Compression
Authors: Lee H.-P. , Awang A. Z. , Omar W. , Tiong P. L. Y.
Published: October 2017

For concrete structural behavior analysis, the complete axial stress–strain curves in compression can be determined by using a closed-loop servo-controlled hydraulic testing machine. The applied loading as well as the axial deformation reading of the loaded concrete specimen is recorded from the built-in displacement transducers or externally installed transducers placed between the machine platens. However, the recorded axial strain in the ascending branch is not purely concrete deformations but includes some additional deformation because of machine flexibility and specimen’s end restraint. Strain gauges can be diametrically installed at the middle of specimen for a more precise deformation reading but additional costs are required for the gauges and data acquisition system. Moreover, the concrete stress–strain curve and ductility performance beyond its ultimate is difficult to be recorded without special strain measuring devices. Hence, a correction equation is needed to account for these effects to obtain the complete stress–strain curves for unconfined and confined concrete. In this paper, a total number of 84 unconfined and steel strapping tensioning techniques (SSTTs) confined high-strength concrete cylinders of compressive strength ranging from 62.48 MPa to 184.85 MPa were tested in compression in accordance with ASTM C39/C39M-11. The details for the testing setup, testing machine, strain measuring instruments, loading rate, loading patterns, etc. are described and at the same time a correction factor equation is proposed in this paper.
Comparative Measurement and Evaluation of the Quenching Intensity of Palm Oil, Canola Oil and a Conventional Petroleum Oil Quenchant Based on Temperature Gradient Measurements
Authors: Matijevic Bozidar , Liscic Bozidar , Totten George E. , Canale Lauralice de C. F.
Published: October 2017

In contrast with small laboratory probes developed to evaluate the cooling properties of relatively small samples of a quenchant, the new Liscic/Petrofer probe is designed to measure and record the quenching intensity under real industrial conditions. The Liscic/Petrofer probe is a cylindrical Inconel 600 probe with a 50-mm diameter and a 200-mm length and is instrumented with three thermocouples on the same radius of the cross-section at the middle point of its length. The outer thermocouple measures the temperature 1 mm below the surface, the second one 4.5 mm below the surface, and the third one at the center of the probe. The working principle of the probe is the measurement of the dynamic of heat extraction, which is best represented by the change of temperature gradients. Comparative testing was recently performed with the Liscic/Petrofer probe in two different vegetable oils (canola oil and palm oil) and a commercially available conventional petroleum oil quenchant. The work was performed at the Quenching Research Centre (QRC) of the Faculty for Mechanical Engineering, University of Zagreb, Croatia. The results of this work showed distinctive differences in the quenching behavior of these three quenchant media. The results of this comparative study are reported herein.
Vibrational Detection of Odorant Functional Groups byDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Maniati Klio , Haralambous Katherine-Joanne , Turin Luca , Skoulakis Efthimios M. C.
Published: October 2017

A remarkable feature of olfaction, and perhaps the hardest one to explain by shape-based molecular recognition, is the ability to detect the presence of functional groups in odorants, irrespective of molecular context. We previously showed thatDrosophilatrained to avoid deuterated odorants could respond to a molecule bearing a nitrile group, which shares the vibrational stretch frequency with the CD bond. Here, we reproduce and extend this finding by showing analogous olfactory responses ofDrosophilato the chemically vastly different functional groups, thiols and boranes, that nevertheless possess a common vibration at 2600 cm−1. Furthermore, we show thatDrosophilado not respond to a cyanohydrin structure that renders nitrile groups invisible to IR spectroscopy. We argue that the response ofDrosophilato these odorants which parallels their perception in humans, supports the hypothesis that odor character is encoded in odorant molecular vibrations, not in the specific shape-based activation pattern of receptors.
Transient Prepubertal Mifepristone Treatment Normalizes Deficits in Contextual Memory and Neuronal Activity of Adult Male Rats Exposed to Maternal Deprivation
Authors: Loi Manila , Sarabdjitsingh Ratna Angela , Tsouli Andromachi , Trinh Stephanie , Arp Marit , Krugers Harmen J. , Karst Henk , van den Bos Ruud , Joëls Marian
Published: October 2017

Early life adversity is a well-known risk factor for behavioral dysfunction later in life, including the formation of contextual memory; it is also (transiently) accompanied by hyperactivity of the stress system. We tested whether mifepristone (MIF) treatment, which among other things blocks glucocorticoid receptors (GRs), during the prepubertal period [postnatal days (PND)26-PND28] normalizes memory deficits in adult male rats exposed to 24-h maternal deprivation (MD) at PND3. MD reduced body weight gain and increased basal corticosterone (CORT) levels during the PND26, but not in adulthood. In adulthood, contextual memory formation of MD compared to noMD (i.e., control) male rats was significantly impaired. This impairment was fully prevented by MIF treatment at PND26-PND28, whereas MIF by itself did not affect behavior. A second behavioral test, a rodent version of the Iowa Gambling Task (rIGT), revealed that flexible spatial learning rather than reward-based aspects of performance was impaired by MD; the deficit was prevented by MIF. Neuronal activity as tested by c-Fos staining in the latter task revealed changes in the right hippocampal-dorsomedial striatal pathway, but not in prefrontal areas involved in reward learning. Follow-up electrophysiological recordings measuring spontaneous glutamate transmission showed reduced frequency of miniature postsynaptic excitatory currents in adult CA1 dorsal hippocampal and enhanced frequency in dorsomedial striatal neurons from MD versus noMD rats, which was not seen in MIF-treated rats. We conclude that transient prepubertal MIF treatment normalizes hippocampus-striatal-dependent contextual memory/spatial learning deficits in male rats exposed to early life adversity, possibly by normalizing glutamatergic transmission.
Heterozygosity for the Mood Disorder-Associated Variant Gln460Arg Alters P2X7 Receptor Function and Sleep Quality
Authors: Metzger Michael W. , Walser Sandra M. , Dedic Nina , Aprile-Garcia Fernando , Jakubcakova Vladimira , Adamczyk Marek , Webb Katharine J. , Uhr Manfred , Refojo Damian , Schmidt Mathias V. , Friess Elisabeth , Steiger Axel , Kimura Mayumi , Chen Alon , Holsboer Florian , Arzt Eduardo , Wurst Wolfgang , Deussing Jan M.
Published: October 2017

A single nucleotide polymorphism substitution from glutamine (Gln, Q) to arginine (Arg, R) at codon 460 of the purinergic P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) has repeatedly been associated with mood disorders. The P2X7R-Gln460Arg variant per se is not compromised in its function. However, heterologous expression of P2X7R-Gln460Arg together with wild-type P2X7R has recently been demonstrated to impair receptor function. Here we show that this also applies to humanized mice coexpressing both human P2X7R variants. Primary hippocampal cells derived from heterozygous mice showed an attenuated calcium uptake upon agonist stimulation. While humanized mice were unaffected in their behavioral repertoire under basal housing conditions, mice that harbor both P2X7R variants showed alterations in their sleep quality resembling signs of a prodromal disease stage. Also healthy heterozygous human subjects showed mild changes in sleep parameters. These results indicate that heterozygosity for the wild-type P2X7R and its mood disorder-associated variant P2X7R-Gln460Arg represents a genetic risk factor, which is potentially able to convey susceptibility to mood disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDepression and bipolar disorder are the most common mood disorders. The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) regulates many cellular functions. Its polymorphic variant Gln460Arg has repeatedly been associated with mood disorders. Genetically engineered mice, with human P2X7R, revealed that heterozygous mice (i.e., they coexpress the disease-associated Gln460Arg variant together with its normal version) have impaired receptor function and showed sleep disturbances. Human participants with the heterozygote genotype also had subtle alterations in their sleep profile. Our findings suggest that altered P2X7R function in heterozygote individuals disturbs sleep and might increase the risk for developing mood disorders.
AIP mutations in Brazilian patients with sporadic pituitary adenomas: a single-center evaluation
Authors: Araujo Paula Bruna , Kasuki Leandro , de Azeredo Lima Carlos Henrique , Ogino Liana , Camacho Aline H S , Chimelli Leila , Korbonits Márta , Gadelha Monica R
Published: October 2017

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-interacting protein (AIP) gene mutations (AIPmut) are the most frequent germline mutations found in apparently sporadic pituitary adenomas (SPA). Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of AIPmut among young Brazilian patients with SPA. We performed an observational cohort study between 2013 and 2016 in a single referral center. AIPmut screening was carried out in 132 SPA patients with macroadenomas diagnosed up to 40 years or in adenomas of any size diagnosed until 18 years of age. Twelve tumor samples were also analyzed. Leukocyte DNA and tumor tissue DNA were sequenced for the entire AIP-coding region for evaluation of mutations. Eleven (8.3%) of the 132 patients had AIPmut, comprising 9/74 (12%) somatotropinomas, 1/38 (2.6%) prolactinoma, 1/10 (10%) corticotropinoma and no non-functioning adenomas. In pediatric patients (≤18 years), AIPmut frequency was 13.3% (2/15). Out of the 5 patients with gigantism, two had AIPmut, both truncating mutations. The Y268* mutation was described in Brazilian patients and the K273Rfs*30 mutation is a novel mutation in our patient. No somatic AIP mutations were found in the 12 tumor samples. A tumor sample from an acromegaly patient harboring the A299V AIPmut showed loss of heterozygosity. In conclusion, AIPmut frequency in SPA Brazilian patients is similar to other populations. Our study identified two mutations exclusively found in Brazilians and also shows, for the first time, loss of heterozygosity in tumor DNA from an acromegaly patient harboring the A299V AIPmut. Our findings corroborate previous observations that AIPmut screening should be performed in young patients with SPA.
MINIMALIOJO REALIZMO KRITIKA
Authors: Park Seungbae
Published: October 2017

Pasak Juhos Saatsi pasiūlyto minimaliojo realizmo, vyksta teorinė mokslo pažanga. Ši koncepcija sukurta pesimistinei indukcijai įveikti, vidurio pozicijai tarp mokslinio realizmo ir instrumentalizmo užimti bei mokslo teorijų sėkmei paaiškinti. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiami du prieštaravimai minimaliajam realizmui. Pirma, nėra aišku, ar minimalusis realizmas išties yra tarp realizmo ir instrumentalizmo, nes instrumentalizmas neplaukia iš minimaliojo realizmo. Antra, nėra aišku ar minimalusis realizmas gali paaiškinti mokslo teorijų sėkmę, nes abejotina, ar teorinė pažanga daro sėkmę tikėtiną. Be šių dviejų prieštaravimų, straipsnyje formuluojama ir kritikuojama nauja pozicija, kuri iš tikrųjų atsiduria tarp realizmo ir instrumnetalizmo.
JOGINĖS PERCEPCIJOS (YOGIPRATYAKṢ A) KONTROVERSIJA INDIŠKOS EPISTEMOLOGIJOS KONTEKSTE
Authors: Beinorius Audrius
Published: October 2017

Straipsnyje analizuojama joginės, ar ypatingosios, percepcijos (yogipratyakṣa) prigimties samprata indiškosios epistemologijos kontekste. Remiantis pirminiais Indijos filosofinių mokyklų (darśana) sanskrito šaltiniais bei šiuolaikiniais kritiniais tyrimais bandoma atsakyti į klausimus: kaip įvairiose mokyklose aprašoma ir kategorizuojama joginė percepcija? Koks vaidmuo jai suteikiamas bendroje Indijos epistemologinėje schemoje (pramān ̣avada)? Kaip ši percepcija verifikuojama ir jos pažinimas validuojamas ir kokia polemika šiuo klausimu vyko tarp skirtingų Indijos mokyklų? Kodėl ir kokiais argumentais remdamasi joginę percepciją atmeta ortodoksalioji mimansos (mīmāṃ sā) mokykla? Tyrimui pasitelkiama kompleksinė – tekstologinė semantinė, hermeneutinė ir lyginamoji – metodologija. Daroma išvada, kad joginę percepciją pripažįsta ir į bendrą pažinimo sistemą inkorporuoja beveik visos filosofinės Indijos mokyklos: joga, samkhja, budistai, vedanta, njaja, vaišešika ir kt., tik skirtingai ją interpretuoja. Paradoksalu yra tai, jog vienintelė mokykla, demonstruojanti radikalų nepasitikėjimą jogine percepcija, yra vediškosios hermeneutikos ir ritualistinės egzegezės tradicija – mimansa ir jos atstovas Kumārila Bhaṭṭa (7 a.). Atskleista, jog mimansos mokykla neigia ne konkrečius pavienius joginio pažinimo teiginius ir ne pačią joginės percepcijos galimybę, bet tokio ypatingojo pažinimo loginio pagrindimo nenuoseklumą, perteikimo kitiems lingvistinį tikslumą ir antjuslinio pažinimo naudą legitimuojant apreiškimo (śruti) teiginius paprastiems žmonėms.
GRAIKIŠKOSIOS GAMINIMO SAMPRATOS APMĄSTYMAS HEIDEGGERIO TECHNIKOS FILOSOFIJOJE
Authors: Fediajevas Algirdas
Published: October 2017

XX ir XXI amžiuose moderniajai technikai vis labiau uzurpuojant pačias įvairiausias pasaulio bei žmogiškosios egzistencijos sritis, filosofija tiesiog negalėjo išvengti mėginimo atskleisti pačios technikos esmę bei jos padarinius žmogui. Nagrinėjant šia tema rašiusių ar rašančių autorių veikalus, sudėtinga nesusidurti su Martinu Heideggeriu, kuris ne tik siekė ontologiškai pažvelgti į šią problematiką, bet ir gilinosi į filosofijos klasikų palikimą, ieškodamas techninio mąstymo ištakų. [...]
Phenolics content and antioxidant activity of sour cherry extracts with sugar addition
Authors: Kopjar M. , Alilović D. , Požrl T. , Piližota V. , Pichler A.
Published: October 2017

Sour cherry puree was prepared with addition of sucrose or trehalose (5% and 10%). After stabilization of the mixture (puree with sugars), extracts were prepared and contents of phenolics and anthocyanin, polymeric colour percentage, and antioxidant activity were determined. Extracts were stored for 65 days at 4 °C. Control sample was extract of sour cherry puree without sugars. After extraction, extracts with 10% of sucrose or trehalose had higher phenolic content than the control sample. Anthocyanin content was higher in extracts with trehalose addition. During storage of extracts, samples with trehalose had higher retention of phenolic and anthocyanins than other samples. Addition of sucrose and trehalose as well as their amounts affected the stabilities of phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity in sour cherry extracts.
Cold chain interruption by consumers significantly reduces shelf life of vacuum-packed pork ham slices
Authors: Géczi G. , Korzenszky P. , Szakmár K.
Published: October 2017

The spoilage of meat products (N>5×106 CFU g−1) can be delayed by cooling and low-temperature storage and transport. The highest extent of interruption in the cold chain occurs at the time of delivering the meat product to the individual’s home after purchasing it. Consumer behaviour and the ambient temperature largely influence the shelf life of products. In our research, we examined the buying habits of customers in Hungary. Based on these results, we carried out the cold chain interruption of vacuum-packed sliced ham (1, 2, 3 h) under laboratory conditions, at temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 °C. The microbial count was determined by a quick method based on redox-potential measurement in two-three days until the products were deteriorated. Our experiments resulted in the expected outcomes; however, we concluded that even average customer habits (1 h cold chain interruption) at higher temperature periods (T>20 °C) decrease the shelf life of ham by 6 days. We set up a mathematical model through which the changes of microbial counts can be determined as a function of product temperature changes, the period of delivery, and the subsequent period of cold storage. R2=0.9 correlation was given between predicted and measured microbial counts (logN).