bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved Reflectarray Phase-Only Synthesis Using the Generalized Intersection Approach with Dielectric Frame and First Principle of Equivalence
Authors: Prado Daniel R. , Arrebola Manuel , Pino Marcos R. , Las-Heras Fernando
Published: May 2017

An improved reflectarray Phase-Only Synthesis technique which employs the generalized Intersection Approach (IA) algorithm is fully described. It is formulated with the First Principle of Equivalence and takes into account a dielectric frame which is usually present to screw the reflectarray breadboard to the supporting structure. The effects of the First Principle of Equivalence versus the Second Principle in the computation of the radiation patterns, as well as the dielectric frame, are assessed and taken into account in an efficient implementation of the generalized IA in order to obtain more accurate results. Different strategies to speed up the synthesis process are presented and to improve convergence. The technique is demonstrated through two examples for space and terrestrial applications: an isoflux pattern for global Earth coverage from a satellite and a Local Multipoint Distribution Service pattern for central stations of cellular systems, both with a working frequency of 25.5 GHz. In addition, experimental results validate the approach described in this work with a prototype with an isoflux pattern working at 30 GHz.
Tracheal Chondrosarcoma: Systematic Review of Tumor Characteristics, Diagnosis, and Treatment Outcomes with Case Report
Authors: Kutzner Emily A. , Park Joshua S. , Zaheer Salman , Inman Jared C.
Published: May 2017

To our knowledge this is the first systematic review of tracheal chondrosarcoma treatment outcomes. Management insights are thoroughly discussed. Men constitute 93.8% of cases, and most of these occur in the distal trachea. The most common symptom, dyspnea, occurs in virtually all patients. Extratracheal extension had occurred in 78.6% of patients. Definitive treatment with tracheal resection showed no recurrences in 10 patients with mean follow-up of 3.1 years. Adjuvant radiotherapy may be utilized for improving local control when open complete resection cannot be performed, but only after endoscopic excision of gross tumor.
Polypharmacy among Underserved Older African American Adults
Authors: Bazargan Mohsen , Smith James , Movassaghi Masoud , Martins David , Yazdanshenas Hamed , Salehe Mortazavi Seyede , Orum Gail
Published: May 2017

The purpose of the present study was to examine correlates of polypharmacy among underserved community-dwelling older African American adults. Methods. This study recruited 400 underserved older African Americans adults living in South Los Angeles. The structured face-to-face interviews collected data on participants’ characteristics and elicited data pertaining to the type, frequency, dosage, and indications of all medications used by participants. Results. Seventy-five and thirty percent of participants take at least five and ten medications per day, respectively. Thirty-eight percent of participants received prescription medications from at least three providers. Inappropriate drug use occurred among seventy percent of the participants. Multivariate analysis showed that number of providers was the strongest correlate of polypharmacy. Moreover, data show that gender, comorbidity, and potentially inappropriate medication use are other major correlates of polypharmacy. Conclusions. This study shows a high rate of polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication use among underserved older African American adults. We documented strong associations between polypharmacy and use of potentially inappropriate medications, comorbidities, and having multiple providers. Polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medications may be attributed to poor coordination and management of medications among providers and pharmacists. There is an urgent need to develop innovative and effective strategies to reduce inappropriate polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate medication in underserved elderly minority populations.
A New Two-Component Model for Hadron Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Authors: Yin Xuejiao , Zhu LiLin , Zheng Hua
Published: May 2017

Using the experimental data from the ALICE program on the centrality dependence of the transverse momentum (pT) spectra in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV, we show that the double-Tsallis distribution and the generalized Fokker-Planck (FP) solution cannot describe the spectra of pions, kaons, and protons from central to peripheral collisions in the entire pT region, simultaneously. Hence, a new two-component distribution, which is a hydrodynamic extension of the generalized FP solution accounting for the collective motion effect in heavy-ion collisions, is proposed in order to reproduce all the identified particle spectra. Our results suggest that the particle production dynamics may be different for different particles, especially at very low pT region.
Thermomechanical Properties of Jute/Bamboo Cellulose Composite and Its Hybrid Composites: The Effects of Treatment and Fiber Loading
Authors: Liew Fui Kiew , Hamdan Sinin , Rahman Md. Rezaur , Rusop Mohamad
Published: May 2017

Jute cellulose composite (JCC), bamboo cellulose composite (BCC), untreated hybrid jute-bamboo fiber composite (UJBC), and jute-bamboo cellulose hybrid biocomposite (JBCC) were fabricated. All cellulose hybrid composites were fabricated with chemical treated jute-bamboo cellulose fiber at 1 : 1 weight ratio and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The effect of chemical treatment and fiber loading on the thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of composites was investigated. Treated jute and bamboo cellulose were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm the effectiveness of treatment. All composites were characterized by tensile testing, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Additionally, surface morphology and water absorption test was reported. The FTIR results revealed that jute and bamboo cellulose prepared are identical to commercial cellulose. The tensile strength and Young’s modulus of composites are optimum at 10 weight percentage (wt%) fibers loading. All cellulose composites showed high onset decomposition temperature. At 10 wt% fiber loading, JBCC shows highest activation energy followed by BCC and JCC. Significant reduction in crystallinity index was shown by BCC which reduced by 14%. JBCC shows the lowest water absorption up to 43 times lower compared to UJBC. The significant improved mechanical and morphological properties of treated cellulose hybrid composites are further supported by SEM images.
A Subclass of Analytic Functions Related tok-Uniformly Convex and Starlike Functions
Authors: Hussain Saqib , Rasheed Akhter , Zaighum Muhammad Asad , Darus Maslina
Published: May 2017

We investigate some subclasses ofk-uniformly convex andk-uniformly starlike functions in open unit disc, which is generalization of class of convex and starlike functions. Some coefficient inequalities, a distortion theorem, the radii of close-to-convexity, and starlikeness and convexity for these classes of functions are studied. The behavior of these classes under a certain modified convolution operator is also discussed.
Numerical Investigation on the Biomechanical Performance of Laparoscopic-Assisted Plate Used for Fixing Pelvic Anterior Ring Fracture
Authors: He Yiqian , Lu Yongtao , Yin Baosheng , Yu Li
Published: May 2017

Because of the minimal soft tissue injury, the laparoscopic-assisted internal fixation is a promising technique in fixing the pelvic anterior ring fracture. The aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical performance of the laparoscopic-assisted plate by the finite element method. Four kinds of implants were investigated, that is, the laparoscopic-assisted plate (LAP), the percutaneous anterior pelvic bridge (PAPB), the transramus intraosseous screw (TIS), and the open reduction (OR). The stability of the implants was investigated under three loading cases, showing that when the LAP was used, the stress at the fracture site was smaller than that at other parts, while for other implants, the high stress was always around the fracture site. In conclusion, the LAP demonstrated a good biomechanical performance in fixing the pelvic anterior ring fracture and is a promising technique in clinical applications.
Finger and Palm Dynamic Pressure Monitoring for Basketball Shooting
Authors: Hung Chiao-Fang , Chen Chung-Chiang , Lin Shin-Hung , Chung Tien-Kan
Published: May 2017

This study verified general inferences on the finger and palm pressure distribution of a basketball player in the moment before that player shoots a basketball through a scientific qualitative testing method. We mounted the sensor on the hands of college basketball players and monitored the dynamic pressure of each player’s hand while the player threw a basketball. The dynamic pressure distribution of the fingers and palm of a basketball player throwing a ball can be verified. According to the experimental results, college basketball players typically use the index finger to control the direction and power of force in the moment before shooting a basketball. This study successfully used a scientific qualitative test method to monitor the dynamic pressure of the fingers and palms of basketball players and verified the general inference that a typical basketball player mainly uses the index finger to control the direction and power of force in the moment before throwing a ball. In the future, this study, measuring the dynamic pressure distribution of the fingers and palm, can be applied to simulate hand manipulation in many biomedical and robotic applications.
Plastic Surgery Inclusion in the Undergraduate Medical Curriculum: Perception, Challenges, and Career Choice—A Comparative Study
Authors: Farid M. , Vaughan R. , Thomas S.
Published: May 2017

Objective. The undergraduate medical curriculum has been overcrowded with core learning outcomes with no formal exposure to plastic surgery. The aim of this study was to compare medical students from two educational settings for the basic understanding, preferred learning method, and factors influencing a career choice in plastic surgery. Design and Setting. A prospective cohort study based on a web-based anonymous questionnaire sent to final year medical students at Birmingham University (United Kingdom), McGill University (Canada), and a control group (non-medical staff). The questions were about plastic surgery: (1) source of information and basic understanding; (2) undergraduate curriculum inclusion and preferred learning methods; (3) factors influencing a career choice. A similar questionnaire was sent to non-medical staff (control group). The data was analysed based on categorical outcomes (Chi-square χ2) and level of significance p≤0.05. Results. Questionnaire was analysed for 243 students (Birmingham, n=171/332, 52%) (McGill n=72/132, 54%). Birmingham students (14%) considered the word “plastic” synonymous with “cosmetic” more than McGill students (4%, p<0.025). Teaching was the main source of knowledge for McGill students (39%, p<0.001) while Birmingham students and control group chose the media (70%, p<0.001). McGill students (67%) more than Birmingham (49%, p<0.010) considered curriculum inclusion. The preferred learning method was lectures for McGill students (61%, p<0.01) but an optional module for Birmingham (61%). A similar proportion (18%) from both student groups considered a career in plastic surgery. Conclusions. Medical students recognised the need for plastic surgery inclusion in the undergraduate curriculum. There was a difference for plastic surgery source of information, operations, and preferred method of learning for students. The study highlighted the urgent need to reform plastic surgery undergraduate teaching in collaboration with national educational bodies worldwide.
Mitochondrial Cardiomyopathy Presenting as Dilated Phase of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Diagnosed with Histological and Genetic Analyses
Authors: Kuno Toshiki , Imaeda Syohei , Asakawa Yohei , Nakamura Hiroshi , Takemura Genzou , Asahara Daisuke , Kanamori Akira , Kabutoya Tomoyuki , Numasawa Yohei
Published: May 2017

We report a case with 46-year-old man diagnosed with mitochondrial cardiomyopathy in the dilated phase of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Since cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, beta-methyl-p-I123-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic myocardial scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed no remarkable findings, we performed electron microscopic examination, which aided in diagnosing mitochondrial cardiomyopathy. Muscle biopsy was also compatible with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes and DNA analysis also concluded it. Since muscle biopsy is less invasive for patients compared to endomyocardial biopsy, cardiologists need to consider it. The diagnosis of mitochondrial cardiomyopathy is helpful because it is a genetic condition and also for consideration of device therapy, as well as management for acute crisis.
Fractionated Radiation Therapy Stimulates Antitumor Immunity Mediated by Both Resident and Infiltrating Polyclonal T-cell Populations when Combined with PD-1 Blockade
Authors: Dovedi Simon J. , Cheadle Eleanor J. , Popple Amy L. , Poon Edmund , Morrow Michelle , Stewart Ross , Yusko Erik C. , Sanders Catherine M. , Vignali Marissa , Emerson Ryan O. , Robins Harlan S. , Wilkinson Robert W. , Honeychurch Jamie , Illidge Timothy M.
Published: May 2017

Purpose: Radiotherapy is a highly effective anticancer treatment forming part of the standard of care for the majority of patients, but local and distal disease recurrence remains a major cause of mortality. Radiotherapy is known to enhance tumor immunogenicity; however, the contribution and mechanisms of radiotherapy-induced immune responses are unknown.

Experimental Design: The impact of low-dose fractionated radiotherapy (5 × 2 Gy) alone and in combination with αPD-1 mAb on the tumor microenvironment was evaluated by flow cytometry and next-generation sequencing of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire. A dual-tumor model was used, with fractionated radiotherapy delivered to a single tumor site to enable evaluation of the local and systemic response to treatment and ability to induce abscopal responses outside the radiation field.

Results: We show that fractionated radiotherapy leads to T-cell infiltration at the irradiated site; however, the TCR landscape remains dominated by polyclonal expansion of preexisting T-cell clones. Adaptive resistance via the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway restricts the generation of systemic anticancer immunity following radiotherapy, which can be overcome through combination with αPD-1 mAb leading to improved local and distal tumor control. Moreover, we show that effective clearance of tumor following combination therapy is dependent on both T cells resident in the tumor at the time of radiotherapy and infiltrating T cells.

Conclusions: These data provide evidence that radiotherapy can enhance T-cell trafficking to locally treated tumor sites and augment preexisting anticancer T-cell responses with the capacity to mediate regression of out-of-field tumor lesions when delivered in combination with αPD-1 mAb therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5514–26. ©2017 AACR.
Multifunctional Effects of a Small-Molecule STAT3 Inhibitor on NASH and Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice
Authors: Jung Kwang Hwa , Yoo Wonbeak , Stevenson Heather L. , Deshpande Dipti , Shen Hong , Gagea Mihai , Yoo Suk-Young , Wang Jing , Eckols T. Kris , Bharadwaj Uddalak , Tweardy David J. , Beretta Laura
Published: May 2017

Purpose: The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is increasing in the United States, and liver cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is becoming an important risk for hepatocellular carcinoma, and most patients with hepatocellular carcinoma have underlying liver cirrhosis and compromised liver function, which limit treatment options. Thus, novel therapeutic strategies to prevent or treat hepatocellular carcinoma in the context of NASH and cirrhosis are urgently needed.

Experimental Design: Constitutive activation of STAT3 is frequently detected in hepatocellular carcinoma tumors. STAT3 signaling plays a pivotal role in hepatocellular carcinoma survival, growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis. We identified C188-9, a novel small-molecule STAT3 inhibitor using computer-aided rational drug design. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of C188-9 for hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and prevention.

Results: C188-9 showed antitumor activity in vitro in three hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. In mice with hepatocyte-specific deletion of Pten (HepPten− mice), C188-9 treatment blocked hepatocellular carcinoma tumor growth, reduced tumor development, and reduced liver steatosis, inflammation, and bile ductular reactions, resulting in improvement of the pathological lesions of NASH. Remarkably, C188-9 also greatly reduced liver injury in these mice as measured by serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine transaminase levels. Analysis of gene expression showed that C188-9 treatment of HepPten− mice resulted in inhibition of signaling pathways downstream of STAT3, STAT1, TREM-1, and Toll-like receptors. In contrast, C188-9 treatment increased liver specification and differentiation gene pathways.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that C188-9 should be evaluated further for the treatment and/or prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res; 23(18); 5537–46. ©2017 AACR.
Metformin Inhibits Cellular Proliferation and Bioenergetics in Colorectal Cancer Patient–Derived Xenografts
Authors: Mohamed Suhaimi Nur-Afidah , Phyo Wai Min , Yap Hao Yun , Choy Sharon Heng Yee , Wei Xiaona , Choudhury Yukti , Tan Wai Jin , Tan Luke Anthony Peng Yee , Foo Roger Sik Yin , Tan Suzanne Hui San , Tiang Zenia , Wong Chin Fong , Koh Poh Koon , Tan Min-Han
Published: May 2017

There is increasing preclinical evidence suggesting that metformin, an antidiabetic drug, has anticancer properties against various malignancies, including colorectal cancer. However, the majority of evidence, which was derived from cancer cell lines and xenografts, was likely to overestimate the benefit of metformin because these models are inadequate and require supraphysiologic levels of metformin. Here, we generated patient-derived xenograft (PDX) lines from 2 colorectal cancer patients to assess the properties of metformin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the first-line drug treatment for colorectal cancer. Metformin (150 mg/kg) as a single agent inhibits the growth of both PDX tumors by at least 50% (P < 0.05) when administered orally for 24 days. In one of the PDX models, metformin given concurrently with 5-FU (25 mg/kg) leads to an 85% (P = 0.054) growth inhibition. Ex vivo culture of organoids generated from PDX demonstrates that metformin inhibits growth by executing metabolic changes to decrease oxygen consumption and activating AMPK-mediated pathways. In addition, we also performed genetic characterizations of serial PDX samples with corresponding parental tissues from patients using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Our pilot NGS study demonstrates that PDX represents a useful platform for analysis in cancer research because it demonstrates high fidelity with parental tumor. Furthermore, NGS analysis of PDX may be useful to determine genetic identifiers of drug response. This is the first preclinical study using PDX and PDX-derived organoids to investigate the efficacy of metformin in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer Ther; 16(9); 2035–44. ©2017 AACR.
Two-Thirds of Survey Respondents in Southern Sweden Used Complementary or Alternative Medicine in 2015
Authors: Wemrell Maria , Merlo Juan , Mulinari Shai , Hornborg Anne-Christine
Published: May 2017

Background: Research has long suggested that a large and possibly growing number of people use complementary or alternative medicine (CAM). However, in many countries, such as Sweden, national and regional research on CAM use is still very limited. Existing prevalence studies are few and characterized by low comparability. This study aims to contribute towards addressing this knowledge gap. Methods: A web-based survey measured the use of and attitude towards CAM and conventional medicine in the southernmost Swedish province of Scania, while taking part in the development of a measurement tool for the standardized study of CAM use within the European Union (EU; I-CAM-Q). Results: 71% of the respondents (n = 1,534) reported having used some form of CAM in the past year. CAM consumption here includes visits to CAM providers, use of natural remedies, and use of self-help methods. Reported use was more common among women, younger age groups, and people with tertiary education. 69% of the respondents stated that collaboration between conventional medicine and complementary medicine should increase. The survey's response rate was 31%. Conclusions: The study confirms that CAM forms a considerable part of the health care offered to and used by the population. In the face of the existing lack of national and regional data on CAM usage, it affirms the importance of furthered investigation of CAM consumption, policy, practice, regulation, and education.
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and 6-Minute Walk Distance in African Americans with Mild to Moderate Heart Failure
Authors: Vuckovic Karen M. , Puzantian Houry
Published: May 2017

Background/Aims: The 6-minute walk test is a measure of functional capacity in patients with heart failure (HF) or chronic kidney disease (CKD). The association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) has not been investigated in African-Americans (AA), despite them having a higher incidence of CKD and chronic HF. Thus, our aim was to determine if eGFR was an independent predictor of 6MWD in AA >50 years of age with HF. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we examined the relationship between eGFR and 6MWD in 45 AA patients with HF from an urban outpatient HF clinic, using logistic regression with bootstrapping. Results: The sample consisted of 53% females; mean age = 64.8 ± 9 years, mean eGFR = 61.6 ± 20 mL/min/1.73 m2, and mean 6MWD = 222 ± 78 m. A decrease in eGFR by 10 mL/min/1.73 m2 was associated with 46% higher odds (p = 0.02) of a 6MWD ≤200 m in an unadjusted model and 39-41% higher odds (p = 0.03) of a 6MWD ≤200 m in adjusted models. Conclusion: A decrease in eGFR significantly predicted a shorter 6MWD in AA patients with HF. Therefore, a reduction in eGFR may be used as an early marker to identify and manage declining functional capacity in these patients.
Is the Morning Sputum Sample Superior to the Fresh Sputum Sample for the Detection of Malignant Cells?
Authors: Uke Maya S. , Pathuthara Saleem , Shaikh Abida , Kumar Rajiv , Kane Shubhada
Published: May 2017

Introduction: Sputum cytology is a well-established technique for the detection of lung malignancies. Generally, random or morning samples are used. Objectives: To evaluate the diagnostic yield of morning sputum and compare it with that of fresh samples. Materials and Methods: Patients were instructed to bring a morning sputum sample to the laboratory in a clean plastic container, without any fixative and within 2-3 h of collection. Fresh sputum was then collected in the laboratory from these same patients. Two smears were prepared from each sample by the “pick and smear” technique and then stained by the Papanicolaou method. One hundred samples from each method (total 200 samples; 400 slides) were evaluated by 3 investigators for their adequacy, preservation, and yield of diagnostic cells. The results were analyzed by using the Pearson χ2 test. Results: Cytomorphological details were preserved in 82/84 satisfactory morning samples and in 80/81 satisfactory fresh samples, respectively. Malignancy was detected in 37 morning samples (44%) and 25 fresh samples (30.8%). In the malignant samples, there were more abundant tumor cells in the morning samples than in the fresh samples (65 and 40%, respectively) with a 2+ cellularity in the morning samples. The morning samples showed a better cell yield (25% more), with a 13% increase in the rate of detection of malignancy and an increased sensitivity of 19.68% compared to the fresh samples. Conclusions: Adequacy and preservation was similar in both sample types. While the morning samples showed a higher sensitivity and a larger number of tumor cells than the fresh samples, the difference was not statistically significant (p < 0.054).
Basal Cell Carcinoma in a Childhood Cancer Survivor: What Neurosurgeons Should Avoid
Authors: Apalla Zoe , Sotiriou Eleni , Lallas Aimilios , Lazaridou Elizabeth , Vakirlis Efstratios , Ioannides Demetrios
Published: May 2017

Among childhood cancer survivors (CCSs), non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common type of second malignancy. Morbidity related to the development of NMSC in this group of patients may be sometimes unpredictable and difficult to manage. We present the case of a 49-year-old female who was a CCS and developed giant superficial basal cell carcinomas (sBCCs) over the previously irradiated field of the scalp. BCC involved the atrophic skin overlying the catheter of the peritoneal cerebral shunt that was set there for the management of hydrocephalus. Topical treatment with imiquimod 5% resulted in local skin reaction that was further complicated with catheter exposure. The patient underwent an emergency neurosurgery for reposition of the cerebral shunt. Subsequent treatment with imiquimod resulted in complete resolution of sBCC. Given the increased risk for the development of BCCs in CCSs, awareness of neurosurgeons is crucial. Avoidance of setting the catheter of the cerebral shunt within the radiotherapy field is highly recommended, in order to avoid unnecessary future surgeries and subsequent morbidity, as in our case.
Triggering of Suicidal Erythrocyte Death by Exemestane
Authors: Al Mamun Bhuyan Abdulla , Bissinger Rosi , Cao Hang , Lang Florian
Published: May 2017

Background/Aims: The steroidal aromatase inactivator exemestane blocks estrogen biosynthesis and is thus employed for the prevention and treatment of breast cancer. Exemestane is in part effective by stimulation of suicidal cell death or apoptosis. Side effects of exemestane treatment include anemia. At least in theory, exemestane induced anemia could be secondary to stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Signaling involved in the stimulation of eryptosis includes increase of cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress, ceramide, several kinases and caspases. The present study explored, whether exemestane is able to trigger eryptosis and, if so, to shed some light on the signaling involved. Methods: Flow cytometry was employed to quantify phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, reactive oxygen species (ROS) abundance from DCF fluorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. Results: A 48 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to exemestane (≥ 10 µg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells without significantly modifying forward scatter. Exemestane significantly increased Fluo3-fluorescence (10 and 20, but not 40 µg/ml), DCF fluorescence (40 µg/ml), and ceramide abundance (40 µg/ml). The effect of exemestane (40 µg/ml) on annexin-V-binding was significantly blunted by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (1mM), but was not significantly modified by removal or increase of extracellular Ca2+, by p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 (2 µM), casein kinase inhibitor D4476 (10 µM) and caspase inhibitor zVAD (10 µM). Conclusions: Exemestane triggers phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect paralleled by enhanced [Ca2+]i, oxidative stress, and increased ceramide abundance.
Long Noncoding RNA AFAP1-AS1 Promoted Tumor Growth and Invasion in Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Lu Xu , Zhou Chuang , Li Renfeng , Deng Yilei , Zhao Longshuan , Zhai Wenlong
Published: May 2017

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play important roles in a wide range of pathophysiological processes, including cancer progression. Our previous study has shown that AFAP1-AS1 was upregulated and acted as an oncogene in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the expression and biological functions of lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains largely unknown. Methods: The expression level of AFAP1-AS1 was measured in 56 pairs of human cholangiocarcinoma tumor tissues and corresponding adjacent normal bile duct tissues. The correlation between AFAP1-AS1 and the clinicopathological features were evaluated by chi-square test. The effects of AFAP1-AS1 on CCA cells were determined by CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay, flow cytometry and transwell assay. Finally, to determine the effect of AFAP1-AS1 on tumor growth in vivo, AFAP1-AS1 knockdowned CCLP-1 cells were subcutaneously into nude mice to evaluate tumor growth. Results: In this study, we found that lncRNA AFAP1-AS1 was increased in CCA tissues and patients with high AFAP1-AS1 expression had a shorter overall survival. SiRNA-mediated AFAP1-AS1 knockdown significantly decreased cell proliferation of the CCA cells, with downregulation of C-myc and Cycling D1 in vitro. Furthermore, AFAP1-AS1 silencing inhibited cell migration partly due to decrease the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, CCLP-1 cells with AFAP1-AS1 knockdown were injected into nude mice to investigate the effect of AFAP1-AS1 on the tumorigenesis in vivo. Conclusions: Taken together, our findings suggested that AFAP1-AS1 might promote the CCA progression and provided a novel potential therapeutic target for CCA.
MiR-129-5p Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion of Chondrosarcoma Cells by Regulating SOX4/Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Jifeng , Song Yuze , Wang  Xiao
Published: May 2017

Background/Aims: Recently, microRNAs (miRNA) have been identified as novel regulators in Chondrosarcoma (CHS). This study was aimed to identify the roles of miR-129-5p-5p in regulation of SOX4 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, as well as cell proliferation and apoptosis in chondrosarcomas. Materials and Methods: Tissue samples were obtained from chondrosarcoma patients. Immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) and western blot analysis were performed to detect the expressions of miR-129-5p and SOX4. Luciferase assay was conducted to confirm that miR-129-5p directly targeted SOX4 mRNA. Manipulations of miR-129-5p and SOX4 expression were achieved through cell transfection. Cell proliferation, migration and apoptosis were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, colony forming assay, wound healing assay and flow cytometry in vitro. For in vivo experiment, the tumor xenograft model was established to evaluate the effects of miR-129-5p and SOX4 on chondrosarcomas. Results: The expression of miR-129-5p was significantly down-regulated in chondrosarcoma tissues as well as cells in comparison with normal ones, while SOX4 was over-activated. Further studies suggested that miR-129-5p suppressed cell proliferation, migration and promoted apoptosis by inhibiting SOX4 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusion: MiR-129-5p inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting SOX4 and further suppresses cell proliferation, migration and promotes apoptosis in chondrosarcomas.
Cardiac Cell Therapies for the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-Analysis from Mouse Studies
Authors: Lang Cajetan Immanuel , Wolfien Markus , Langenbach Anne , Müller Paula , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Yavari Arash , Ince Hüseyin , Steinhoff Gustav , Krause Bernd Joachim , David Robert , Glass Änne
Published: May 2017

Aims: Stem cell-based regenerative therapies for the treatment of ischemic myocardium are currently a subject of intensive investigation. A variety of cell populations have been demonstrated to be safe and to exert some positive effects in human Phase I and II clinical trials, however conclusive evidence of efficacy is still lacking. While the relevance of animal models for appropriate pre-clinical safety and efficacy testing with regard to application in Phase III studies continues to increase, concerns have been expressed regarding the validity of the mouse model to predict clinical results. Against the background that hundreds of preclinical studies have assessed the efficacy of numerous kinds of cell preparations - including pluripotent stem cells - for cardiac repair, we undertook a systematic re-evaluation of data from the mouse model, which initially paved the way for the first clinical trials in this field. Methods and Results: A systematic literature screen was performed to identify publications reporting results of cardiac stem cell therapies for the treatment of myocardial ischemia in the mouse model. Only peer-reviewed and placebo-controlled studies using magnet resonance imaging (MRI) for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) assessment were included. Experimental data from 21 studies involving 583 animals demonstrate a significant improvement in LVEF of 8.59%+/- 2.36; p=.012 (95% CI, 3.7–13.8) compared with control animals. Conclusion: The mouse is a valid model to evaluate the efficacy of cell-based advanced therapies for the treatment of ischemic myocardial damage. Further studies are required to understand the mechanisms underlying stem cell based improvement of cardiac function after ischemia.
Long Non-Coding RNA KCNQ1OT1 Promotes Cataractogenesis via miR-214 and Activation of the Caspase-1 Pathway
Authors: Jin Xin , Jin Hao , Shi Yan , Guo Yiyuan , Zhang Hong
Published: May 2017

Background/Aims: KCNQ1OT1 regulates the expression of tissue-specific imprinted genes within the Kcnq1 domain. Imprinted genes are positive regulators of apoptosis, one of the forms of cell death related to cataract formation, and thus may provide novel therapeutic targets for cataract treatment. Here, we studied the role of non-coding RNAs(ncRNA) in cataract formation. Methods: Human lens epithelium cells (HLECs) were treated with H2O2, and the expression of KCNQ1OT1 and miR-214 was detected by qRT-PCR. The expression of caspase-1 was detected using qRT-PCR, western blot and immunostaining. To confirm our findings in cell cultures, we analysed KCNQ1OT1, miR-214, and caspase-1 expression in lens anterior capsules of both cataract patients and normal controls by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. Results: We found that the expression of KCNQ1OT1 was increased in both human cataract lens anterior capsular samples and SRA01/04 cell lines treated with H2O2. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 expression significantly suppressed H2O2-induced SRA01/04 cell pyroptosis in vitro, which is the critical step in cataract formation. The expression of microRNA-214 (miR-214) was also decreased in cataract lens anterior capsular tissues and H2O2-induced SRA01/04 cell lines. Knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 significantly increased the expression of miR-214. Conclusions: We demonstrated for the first time that caspase-1 is a functional downstream target of miR-214, and knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 reduced the expression of caspase-1. These results provide evidence that the KCNQ1OT1-miR-214-caspase-1 regulatory network is a novel mechanism for promoting cataract formation.
MALAT1 Modulates TGF-β1-Induced Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition through Downregulation of miR-145
Authors: Xiang Yin , Zhang Yachen , Tang Yong , Li Qianhui
Published: May 2017

Background/Aims: Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) plays significant roles under various pathological conditions including cardiovascular diseases, fibrosis, and cancer. EndMT of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) contributes to neointimal hyperplasia following cell therapy Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that promotes metastasis and cancer. MicroRNA-145 (miR-145) is a tumor suppressor that has been reported to inhibit SMAD3-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated the role of MALAT1 and miR-145 in EndMT of human circulating EPCs induced by transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-β1). Methods: Human circulating EPCs were isolated and characterized by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Expression levels of EndMT markers were assessed by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was measured by cell immunofluorescence staining. The regulatory relationship between MALAT1 and miR-145 and its target genes, TGFBR2 (TGFβ receptortype II) and SMAD3 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) was analyzed using the luciferase reporter assay. Results: We found that EndMT of EPCs induced by TGF-β1 is accompanied by increased MALAT1 expression and decreased miR-145 expression, and MALAT1 and miR-145 directly bind and reciprocally repress each other in these cells. Dual-Luciferase Reporter assay indicated that miR-145 inhibits TGF-β1-induced EndMT by directly targeting TGFBR2 and SMAD3. Conclusions: MALAT1 modulates TGF-β1-induced EndMT of EPCs through regulation of TGFBR2 and SMAD3 via miR-145. Thus, the MALAT1-miR-145-TGFBR2/SMAD3 signaling pathway plays a key role in TGF-β1-induced EndMT.
Informal Peer-Assisted Learning Groups Did Not Lead to Better Performance of Saudi Dental Students
Authors: AbdelSalam Maha , El Tantawi Maha , Al-Ansari Asim , AlAgl Adel , Al-Harbi Fahad
Published: May 2017

Objectives: To describe peer-assisted learning (PAL) groups formed by dental undergraduate students in a biomedical course and to investigate the association of individual and group characteristics with academic performance. Subjects and Methods: In 2015, 92 fourth-year students (43 males and 49 females) in the College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia, were invited to form PAL groups to study a unit of a biomedical course. An examination was used to assess their knowledge after 2 weeks. In addition, a questionnaire and social network analysis were used to investigate (1) individual student attributes: gender, role, subject matter knowledge, grade in previous year, teaming with friends, previous communication with teammates, and content discussion, and (2) group attributes: group teacher's previous grade, number of colleagues with whom a student connected, teaming with friends, similarity of teammates' previous grades, and teacher having higher previous grades than other teammates. Regression analysis was used to assess the association of examination scores with individual and group attributes. Results: The response rate was 80.4% (74 students: 36 males and 38 females). Students who previously scored grades A and B had higher examination scores than students with grades C/less (regression coefficient = 18.50 and 13.39) within the groups. Higher scores were not associated with working in groups including friends only (regression coefficient = 1.17) or when all students had similar previous grades (regression coefficient = 0.85). Conclusions: Students with previous high grades benefited to a greater extent from working in PAL groups. Similarity of teammates in PAL groups was not associated with better scores.
Which Foetal-Pelvic Variables Are Useful for Predicting Caesarean Section and Instrumental Assistance
Authors: Frémondière P. , Thollon L. , Adalian P. , Delotte J. , Marchal F.
Published: May 2017

Objective: To assess the variables useful to predict caesarean delivery (CD) and instrumental assistance, through the analysis of a large number of foetal-pelvic variables, using discriminant analysis. Materials and Methods: One hundred and fourteen pregnant women were included in this single-centre prospective study. For each mother-foetus pair, 43 pelvic and 18 foetal variables were measured. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis was performed to identify foetal-pelvic variables that could statistically separate the 3 delivery modality groups: spontaneous vaginal delivery (SVD), CD, and instrument-assisted delivery (IAD). Results: For the SVD versus CD model, voluminous foetuses and women with a narrow pelvic inlet had a greater risk for requiring CD. The most efficient variables for discrimination were the transverse diameter and foetal weight. The antero-posterior inlet and obstetric conjugate were considered in this model, with the former being a useful variable but not the latter. For the SVD versus IAD model, the most important variables were the foetal variables, particularly the bi-parietal diameter. Women with a reduced antero-posterior outlet diameter and a narrow pubic arch were more at risk of requiring an IAD. Conclusion: The antero-posterior inlet was an efficient variable unlike the obstetric conjugate. The obstetric conjugate diameter should no longer be considered a useful variable in estimating the arrest of labour. Antero-posterior inlet diameter was a sagittal variable that should be taken into account. The comparison of sub-pubic angle and bi-parietal and antero-posterior outlet diameters was useful in identifying a risk of requiring instrumental assistance.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ФОРМУЛИ БАЙЄСА ДЛЯ ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ВИНИКНЕННЯ ЦУКРОВОГО ДІАБЕТУ
Authors: Zlepko S. M. , Surova N. M. , Prudyus P. H. , Pavlov S. V.
Published: May 2017

The article is devoted to the problem of saccharine diabetes prognostication, in particular to diagnostics of the pre-diabetic state. The mathematical model of saccharine diabetes of І or ІІ type development prognostication is developed on the basis of diagnostic questionnaire.
МАТЕМАТИЧНЕ МОДЕЛЮВАННЯ ЯК СУЧАСНИЙ ІНСТРУМЕНТ ПРОГНОЗУВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ПРОТИРОТАВІРУСНИХ ВАКЦИН
Authors: Solovyov S. O.
Published: May 2017

With the use of molecular biological studies there were estimated the peculiarities of the circulation of rotavirus genotypes on the territory of Ukraine. It was estimated predictive genotype-specific efficacy of the vaccine based on rotavirus strain RIX4114 with genotype G1P, based on the methods of distribution and multiplicative synthesis, which were used for the first time in such calculations. This allows obtaining a preliminary evaluation of its efficacy prior to clinical trials. It was established that the calculated value is sufficiently high (80,4%) in conditions of its mass use among population of Ukraine.
Histórico da realidade virtual e seu uso em medicina
Authors: De Faria José Weber V. , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen
Published: May 2017

Realidade Virtual pode ser definida como uma avançada interface homem-máquina que simula um ambiente realístico e permite que participantes interajam com ele. Essa ciência tem suas origens nas academias militares e na indústria do entretenimento, com grande impulso na segunda metade do século XX. Através de técnicas como a estereoscopia, é possível usar os sentidos humanos e emular experiências com grande fidelidade. Modelos de Realidade Virtual ganham importância cada vez maior para a medicina. Hoje é possível encontrar diversas aplicações nessa área, como planejamento pré-operatório, assistência, treinamento cirúrgico e ensino. Para o estudo da neuroanatomia e da neurocirurgia especificamente, embora os custos proibitivos e a experiência visual limitada ainda sejam realidade, a tecnologia da Realidade Virtual tem demonstrado grande eficiência e utilidade, assumindo definitivamente seu papel no contexto da educação médica.
Fatores de estresse psicossociais e relacionados à saúde enfrentados por estudantes de medicina
Authors: Pereira Nayara Karoline Correa , Padoim Igor , Fraguas Junior Renerio
Published: May 2017

Stress is common among medical students and is associated with increased risk of burnout, anxiety and depression, alcohol and drug abuse, social difficulties, suicidal ideation and suicide. The purpose of this literature review was to identify the sources of stress in undergraduate medical students. In order to achieve that, we conducted a search for papers published in the Medline database from 2003 to 2014. Due to the extension of sources of stress identified in this population and our interest on the subject, we chose to include only papers that addressed specifically two main categories of stressors: psychosocial and/or health-related. We divided the psychosocial sources into four groups: social, familial, infrastructural and not specified. Among the most relevant social sources, we found loneliness, social isolation, interpersonal conflict, social relationships and worry about the future. Familial sources of stress included high parental expectation, family problems and financial problems. Among the infrastructural sources, we found relevance for absence of an optimal place to study outside the university and accommodation away from home, particularly for first-year students and for males. Few studies have focused on health-related sources of stress. The most relevant sources of health-related stress were the quality of food in mess and sleeping difficulties. While the relevance of some sources varied according to the medical school, the importance of some sources such as quality of food in mess, sleeping difficulties and worry about the future was consensual among the studies. Of relevance is the fact that most of these sources of stress can be reversed. For example, a healthy relationship has been reported to protect against stress; thus, programmes aimed at the improvement of students’ relationships may be effective in decreasing the stress associated with loneliness, social isolation and interpersonal conflict. The relevance of a stressor should be evaluated in each school taking into consideration the influence of its context peculiarities. Although several studies have reported the sources of stress, studies looking specifically at each source, investigating its impact, related factors and feasibility of change are warranted.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Adults and Children With Mechanical Circulatory Support: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Peberdy Mary Ann , Gluck Jason A. , Ornato Joseph P. , Bermudez Christian A. , Griffin Russell E. , Kasirajan Vigneshwar , Kerber Richard E. , Lewis Eldrin F. , Link Mark S. , Miller Corinne , Teuteberg Jeffrey J. , Thiagarajan Ravi , Weiss Robert M. , O’Neil Brian
Published: May 2017

Cardiac arrest in patients on mechanical support is a new phenomenon brought about by the increased use of this therapy in patients with end-stage heart failure. This American Heart Association scientific statement highlights the recognition and treatment of cardiovascular collapse or cardiopulmonary arrest in an adult or pediatric patient who has a ventricular assist device or total artificial heart. Specific, expert consensus recommendations are provided for the role of external chest compressions in such patients.