bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of MYOM2 as a candidate gene in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and Tetralogy of Fallot, and its functional evaluation in the Drosophila heart
Authors: Auxerre-Plantié Emilie , Nielsen Tanja , Grunert Marcel , Olejniczak Olga , Perrot Andreas , Özcelik Cemil , Harries Dennis , Matinmehr Faramarz , Dos Remedios Cristobal , Mühlfeld Christian , Kraft Theresia , Bodmer Rolf , Vogler Georg , Sperling Silke R.
Published: October 2020

The causal genetic underpinnings of congenital heart diseases, which are often complex and multigenic, are still far from understood. Moreover, there are also predominantly monogenic heart defects, such as cardiomyopathies, with known disease genes for the majority of cases. In this study, we identified mutations in myomesin 2 (MYOM2) in patients with Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), the most common cyanotic heart malformation, as well as in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), who do not exhibit any mutations in the known disease genes. MYOM2 is a major component of the myofibrillar M-band of the sarcomere, and a hub gene within interactions of sarcomere genes. We show that patient-derived cardiomyocytes exhibit myofibrillar disarray and reduced passive force with increasing sarcomere lengths. Moreover, our comprehensive functional analyses in the Drosophila animal model reveal that the so far uncharacterized fly gene CG14964 [herein referred to as Drosophila myomesin and myosin binding protein (dMnM)] may be an ortholog of MYOM2, as well as other myosin binding proteins. Its partial loss of function or moderate cardiac knockdown results in cardiac dilation, whereas more severely reduced function causes a constricted phenotype and an increase in sarcomere myosin protein. Moreover, compound heterozygous combinations of CG14964 and the sarcomere gene Mhc (MYH6/7) exhibited synergistic genetic interactions. In summary, our results suggest that MYOM2 not only plays a critical role in maintaining robust heart function but may also be a candidate gene for heart diseases such as HCM and TOF, as it is clearly involved in the development of the heart.

This article has an associated First Person interview with Emilie Auxerre-Plantié and Tanja Nielsen, joint first authors of the paper.
Neuro-schistosomiasis with palm tree contrast enhancement pattern, a report of three cases, and review of literature
Authors: El Beltagi Ahmed , Salem Khalid , Hanoun Mohamed
Published: October 2020

We describe three cases of neuroschistosomiasis, two cases with cerebral schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma japonicum, with multiple pseudotumoral lesions presented with seizures and hemiparesis respectively, and a spinal cord conus medullaris schistosomiasis due to Schistosoma mansoni presented with conus medullaris syndrome.

In the two cases with cerebral schistosomiasis imaging with CT revealed multiple areas of brain edema, and gyriform calcifications in both cerebral hemispheres, which suggested cerebral parasitemia, chronic venous hypertension, multifocal cerebral vascular malformation, or a forme fruste Sturge Weber syndrome. Further MRI revealed corresponding blooming, T2W (weighted) -FLAIR (fluid attenuated inversion recovery) ibright signal intensity and enhancing lesions. In the third case with spinal cord involvement MRI revealed signal abnormality on T1W and T2W images with patchy and punctate post i.v. contrast enhancement of the conus medullaris.

Excision biopsy and histopathological examination were undertaken for the first brain case and spinal cord case and showed multiple schistosomal granulomas in different evolution phases. In the second brain case, the diagnosis was suggested based on our experience with prior cases, positive laboratory tests, and urinary bladder wall biopsy.

Neuroschistosomiasis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple cerebral calcifications, and multiple nodular and linear like lesions with characteristic arborized enhancement pattern, especially for patients coming from endemic areas for Schistosomiasis.
Transcutaneous bilirubin level to predict hyperbilirubinemia in preterm neonates
Authors: Rahmawati Dewi , Sampurna Mahendra Tri Arif , Etika Risa , Utomo Martono Tri , Bos Arend F.
Published: October 2020

Background: Hyperbilirubinemia commonly occurs in neonates, with a higher prevalence among preterm neonates, which can lead to severe hyperbilirubinemia. Assessment of total serum bilirubin (TSB) and the use of  transcutaneous bilirubinometry (TcB) are existing methods which can identify and predict hyperbilirubinemia. This study aimed to determine TcB cut-off values during the first day for preterm neonates, in order to predict hyperbilirubinemia at 48 and 72 hours.

Methods: This cohort study was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital from September 2018 to January 2019, studying a total of 90 neonates born at ≤35 weeks. They were divided into two groups (Group I: 1000-1500 grams; Group II: 1501-2000 grams). The bilirubin levels were measured at the sternum, using TcB at the ages of 12, 24, and 72 hours. TSB measurements were taken on the third day or if the TcB level reached phototherapy threshold ± 1.24 mg/dL and if TcB showed abnormal results (Group I: 5.76-8.24 mg/dL; Group II: 8.76-11.24 mg/dL). Hyperbilirubinemia was defined as TSB ≥7 mg/dL for Group I and >10 mg/dL for Group II.

Results: In total, 38 Group I neonates and 48 Group II neonates were observed. Approximately onehalf of the neonates in Group I (45%) suffered from hyperbilirubinemia at 48 hours, along with 46% of Group II at 72 hours. The best 24-hour-old TcB cut-off values to predict hyperbilirubinemia at 48 hours were calculated to be 4.5 mg/dL for Group I and 5.8 mg/dL for Group II. The determined 24-hour-old TcB value to predict hyperbilirubinemia at 72 hours was 5.15 mg/dL for Group II.

Conclusion: TcB values on the first day of life can be used as hyperbilirubinemia predictors on the following days for preterm neonates. Close monitoring should be managed for those with TcB values higher than the calculated cut-off values.
Interprofessional grant writing seminar for early career faculty in a small, isolated teaching center
Authors: King India , Christopher Andrea , Hansen Ann , Student Ami , Sordahl Jeff , Naidoo Sarah , Nguyen Elaine , Fisher Amber , Tivis Rick , Smith C. Scott
Published: October 2020

Small, isolated teaching centers have difficulty mentoring interprofessional junior faculty in research methods and grant writing. Peer mentoring programs for grant writing at larger institutions have been successful. In this short report, we describe our program that leveraged mentor experience using four framing seminars followed by project refinement in three-person peer groups and monthly mentored works in progress meetings. In its first year, ten faculty from medicine, psychology, and pharmacy completed the program and successfully obtained six funded grants. Five of the projects transitioned from single profession applications to interprofessional applications as participants connected and profession-specific expertise was identified. Refinements for future cohorts are discussed.
HPAStainR: a Bioconductor and Shiny app to query protein expression patterns in the Human Protein Atlas
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Tim O. , Halushka Marc K.
Published: October 2020

The Human Protein Atlas is a website of protein expression in human tissues. It is an excellent resource of tissue and cell type protein localization, but only allows the query of a single protein at a time. We introduce HPAStainR as a new Shiny app and Bioconductor/R package used to query the scored staining patterns in the Human Protein Atlas with multiple proteins/genes of interest. This allows the user to determine if an experimentally-generated protein/gene list associates with a particular cell type. We validated the tool using the Panglao Database cell type specific marker genes and a Genotype Expression (GTEx) tissue deconvolution dataset.  HPAStainR identified 92% of the Panglao cell types in the top quartile of confidence scores limited to tissue type of origin results. It also appropriately identified the correct cell types from the GTEx dataset. HPAStainR fills a gap in available bioinformatics tools to identify cell type protein expression patterns and can assist in establishing ground truths and exploratory analysis. HPAStainR is available from:https://32tim32.shinyapps.io/HPAStainR/
CompoundHetVIP: Compound Heterozygous Variant Identification Pipeline
Authors: Miller Dustin B. , Piccolo Stephen R.
Published: October 2020

A compound heterozygous (CH) variant occurs when a person inherits two alternate alleles, one from each parent, and these alleles occur at different positions within the same gene. Therefore, CH variant identification requires distinguishing maternally from paternally derived nucleotides, a process that requires numerous computational tools. Using such tools can be challenging and often introduce unforeseen challenges such as installation procedures that are operating-system specific, software dependencies, and format requirements for input files. To overcome these challenges, we developed Compound Heterozygous Variant Identification Pipeline (CompoundHetVIP), which uses a single Docker image to encapsulate commonly used software tools for phasing, annotating, and analyzing CH, homozygous alternate, and de novo variants in a series of 13 steps. To begin using our tool, researchers need only install the Docker engine and download the CompoundHetVIP Docker image. The tools provided in CompoundHetVIP can be applied to Illumina whole-genome sequencing data of individual samples or trios (a child and both parents), using VCF or gVCF files as initial input. Each step of the pipeline produces an analysis-ready output file that can be further evaluated. To illustrate its use, we applied CompoundHetVIP to data from a publicly available Ashkenazim trio and identified two genes with candidate CH variants and one gene with a candidate homozygous alternate variant after filtering. While this example uses genomic data from a healthy child, we anticipate that most researchers will use CompoundHetVIP to uncover missing heritability in human diseases and other phenotypes. CompoundHetVIP is open-source software and can be found at https://github.com/dmiller903/CompoundHetVIP; this repository also provides detailed, step-by-step examples.
Covid-19 Estimating the burden of symptomatic disease in the community and the impact of public health measures on physical, mental and social wellbeing: a study protocol
Authors: Troya M. Isabela , Khashan Ali , Kearney Patricia M. , Arensman Ella , Hoevel Philipp , Buckley Claire , Fitzgerald Margaret , Humphries Rory , Kiely Elizabeth , Mulchrone Kieran , Murphy Mike , O'Connor Lois , O'Donnell Joan , O’Reilly Eilis , O'Riordain Micheal , Spillane Mary , Wieczorek Sebastian , Perry Ivan J
Published: October 2020

Introduction: Covid-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020. Since then, governments have implemented unprecedented public health measures to contain the virus. This study will provide evidence to inform responses to the pandemic by: i) estimating population prevalence and trends of self-reported symptoms of Covid-19 and the proportions of symptomatic individuals and household contacts testing positive for Covid-19; ii) describing acceptance and compliance with physical-distancing measures, explore effects of public health measures on physical, mental and social wellbeing; iii) developing a mathematical network model to inform decisions on the optimal levels of physical distancing measures.

Methods: Two cross-sectional nationally-representative telephone surveys will be conducted in Ireland using random digit-dialling, with response rates estimates based on proportion of non-operational and non-answering numbers. The first survey with four waves in May and June will address adherence to social distancing measures and whether the respondent or other household members are or have been unwell during the preceding two weeks with one or more symptoms of Covid-19. The second survey with three waves in June, July and September will address knowledge, attitudes, and compliance towards physical-distancing measures and physical, mental and social wellbeing. The mathematical network model will be developed for all-Ireland (on various levels of spatial granularity including the scale of counties and electoral divisions) based on outputs from both cross-sectional surveys and relevant publicly available data to inform decisions on optimal levels and duration of physical distancing measures.

Discussion: This study will contribute to our understanding of the impact and sustainability of public health measures of the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings will have long-lasting benefits, informing decision-making on the best levels, and duration of physical-distancing measures, balancing a range of factors including capacity of the health service with the effects on individuals’ wellbeing and economic disruption. Findings will be shared with key policy-makers.
Prevalence and patterns of multi-morbidity in the productive age group of 30-69 years: A cross-sectional study in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala.
Authors: C Rohini , Jeemon Panniyammakal
Published: October 2020

Background: Multi-morbidity is the coexistence of multiple chronic conditions in individuals and families. With advancing epidemiological and demographic transitions, the burden of multi-morbidity is expected to increase India.

Methods: A cross-sectional representative survey was conducted among 410 participants aged 30-69 years in Pathanamthitta District, Kerala. A multi-stage cluster sampling method was employed to identify households for the survey. We interviewed all eligible participants in the selected households. A structured interview schedule was used to assess socio-demographic variables, behavioral risk factors and prevailing clinical conditions. We used the PHQ-9 questionnaire for depression screening. Further, we conducted active measurements of both blood sugar and blood pressure. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with multi-morbidity.

Results: Overall, the prevalence of multi-morbidity was 45.4% (95% CI: 40.5-50.3%). Nearly a quarter of the study participants (25.4%) reported only one chronic condition (21.3-29.9%). Further, 30.7% (26.3-35.5), 10.7% (7.9-14.2), 3.7% (2.1-6.0) and 0.2% reported two, three, four and five chronic conditions, respectively. At least one person with multi-morbidity was present in around seven out of ten households (72%, 95% CI: 65-78%). Further, one in five households (22%, 95% CI: 16.7-28.9%) reported more than one person with multi-morbidity. Diabetes and hypertension was the most frequent dyad (30.9%, 95% CI: 26.5-35.7%), followed by hypertension and depression (7.8%, 95% CI: 5.5-10.9%). Diabetes, hypertension and ischemic heart disease was the common triad in males (8.5%, 95% CI: 4.8-14.1%), while it was diabetes, hypertension and depression (6.9%, 95% CI: 4.2-11.1%) in females. Age, sex, and employment status were associated with multi-morbidity.

Conclusion: Multi-morbidity is prevalent in one of two participants in the productive age group of 30-69 years. Further, seven of ten households have at least one person with multi-morbidity. The high burden of multi-morbidity calls for integrated preventive and management strategies for multiple chronic conditions.
Conflict-Driven Heuristics for Mixed Integer Programming
Authors: Witzig Jakob , Gleixner Ambros
Published: October 2020

Two essential ingredients of modern mixed-integer programming solvers are diving heuristics, which simulate a partial depth-first search in a branch-and-bound tree, and conflict analysis, which learns valid constraints from infeasible subproblems. So far, these techniques have mostly been studied independently: primal heuristics for finding high-quality feasible solutions early during the solving process and conflict analysis for fathoming nodes of the search tree and improving the dual bound. In this paper, we pose the question of whether and how the orthogonal goals of proving infeasibility and generating improving solutions can be pursued in a combined manner such that a state-of-the-art solver can benefit. To do so, we integrate both concepts in two different ways. First, we develop a diving heuristic that simultaneously targets the generation of valid conflict constraints from the Farkas dual and the generation of improving solutions. We show that, in the primal, this is equivalent to the optimistic strategy of diving toward the best bound with respect to the objective function. Second, we use information derived from conflict analysis to enhance the search of a diving heuristic akin to classic coefficient diving. In a detailed computational study, both methods are evaluated on the basis of an implementation in the source-open-solver SCIP. The experimental results underline the potential of combining both diving heuristics and conflict analysis.

Summary of Contribution. This original article concerns the advancement of exact general-purpose algorithms for solving one of the largest and most prominent problem classes in optimization, mixed-integer linear programs. It demonstrates how methods for conflict analysis that learn from infeasible subproblems can be combined successfully with diving heuristics that aim at finding primal solutions. For two newly designed diving heuristics, this paper features a thoroughly computational study regarding their impact on the overall performance of a state-of-the-art MIP solver.
Configurations for Achieving Organizational Ambidexterity with Digitization
Authors: Park YoungKi , Pavlou Paul A. , Saraf Nilesh
Published: October 2020

Organizational ambidexterity refers to the capability of businesses to balance the pursuit of radical innovation simultaneously with incremental innovation. It echoes the popular notion that to thrive well in a competitive economy, businesses need to balance their exploration of new markets and products with exploitation or balance operational efficiency with flexibility. Digital technologies have become central to enabling organizational ambidexterity. The analysis reveals how the three dimensions of digitization efforts—IT implementation spending, IT training, and actual IT usage—should be combined with specific internal and external factors to develop greater ambidexterity. Two of these complementary factors are either a centralized organizational structure or a strong supplier and partner network—the first a likely channel for cross-organizational knowledge transfer and the second for interfirm knowledge transfers. However, determining which combinations are useful also depends on the size of the business and competitiveness of markets. Large businesses, or those in more competitive sectors, derive a slightly greater advantage from digitization than small firms or those in less competitive sectors. These findings are useful for policy makers tasked with subsidy allocation to industry sectors and managers when allocating investment spending for digitization.
Case Article—Suncrest AgriBusiness Company: Exploiting the Flexibility of Backup Capacity
Authors: Bansal Saurabh , Lowe Timothy J. , Jones Philip C.
Published: October 2020

The primary objective of the case study is to help students understand, model, and solve capacity planning problems (i) when the production yield is uncertain and (ii) if the yield of first production is low, the product can be produced a second time. The dimension of random yield emphasizes supply chain management challenges beyond the traditional newsvendor problem, which has a nice closed-form solution. The dimension of operational flexibility underscores the importance of modeling skills, such as influence diagrams, that can be used to brainstorm, model, and solve new problems. Extensive use of the case in graduate supply chain management courses shows that in the absence of a mathematical model, students systematically deviate from optimal capacity usage. Usually, the presence of backup flexibility reduces first-period production. However, students’ responses often suggest cutting first production too much. When it is available, students consistently overuse the flexibility of second-period production. Overall, students believed the case was challenging and that it provides a valuable learning experience.
Engaging with patients to make exercise and movement more meaningful: a case report
Authors: Wilson Portia
Published: October 2020

Movement is one of the four cornerstones of care (alongside hygiene and skin care, compression therapy and lymphatic massage), but patients often find it difficult to incorporate activity/exercise in their care regimen. Finding activity that the patient is comfortable building into their routine is vital and can have a positive effect on their physical and mental health. If the movement links into a patient's hobby, it does not feel like exercise and the benefits increase further. This article describes a case in which the author, a community lymphoedema therapist, encouraged and helped a man with lymphoedema find ways in which to incorporate exercise in his care regimen. This case was quite complex, and the patient had many comorbidites that limited his mobility. Using clear explanations and small, achievable and fun goals improved compliance and, therefore, patient outcomes.
Agrosol and Brassinolide Applications Improve Growth and Physiological Responses of fig (Ficus Carica L.)
Authors: Mardinata Zulias , Mellisa
Published: October 2020

Agrosol and brassinolide applications had increased changes in the growth and physiology of fig. The experiment was arranged as an RCBD factorial with three replications. The Results of this research indicated that increasing agrosol (control, 2, 2.5, and 3 kg/ha) and brassinolide concentration (control and 200 ml/L) caused some differences in growth and physiology of fig. However, the differences were not consistent and most of the changes happened only in the first or fourth months. Agrosol 2 kg/ha and brassinolide 200 ml/L showed higher growth and physiology than the other concentrations after receiving agrosol and brassinolide treatment. There was no effective treatment of brassinolide alone but it had a significant effect when combining with agrosol except in chlorophyll fluorescence.
Memory Type Ratio and Product Estimators in Stratified Sampling
Authors: Aslam Irfan , Noor-ul-Amin Muhammad , Yasmeen Uzma , Hanif Muhammad
Published: October 2020

The exponential weighted moving average (EWMA) statistic is utilized the past information along with the present to enhance the efficiency of the estimators of the population parameters. In this study, the EWMA statistic is used to estimate the population mean with auxiliary information. The memory type ratio and product estimators are proposed under stratified sampling (StS). Mean square errors (MSE) expressions and relative efficiencies of the proposed estimators are derived. An extensive simulation study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimators. An empirical study is presented based on real-life data that supports the findings of the simulation study.
Domestic violence through the window of the COVID-19 lockdown: a
public crisis embodied/exposed in the private/domestic sphere
Authors: Krishnadas Jane , Taha Sophia Hayat
Published: October 2020

COVID-19 has been recognized globally as a public health crisis, which has
directly led to the deaths of more than 40,000 people in the UK (World Health
Organization, 2020). The lockdown measures in the public sphere have created a
window into the existing violence in the domestic sphere, as increasing
incidents and reports have propelled what is more often thought of as private
violence into the public gaze. The COVID-19 lockdown in the UK has made visible
a collapse of the public and private sphere, blurring the boundaries between the
two. As work and childcare have moved within the home, the structural
inequalities of austerity have been exposed and the widening gender, class and
racial cracks of society are illuminated in lockdown. Our paper draws upon an
intersectional cultural and materialist analysis to explore how the cultural and
economic bricks of the public and private sphere have been layered through the
tools of i) representation and marginalization in the public sphere; ii) the
division of labor through the devaluing of care-giving and precarious work; and
iii) the location of public and private legal issues. Through this critical
intersectional analysis, we explore how the material construction of the public
and private sphere is being dismantled in the long-term everyday crisis
interventions of domestic violence support groups, Refuge, Women's Aid and
Southall Black Sisters, and in relation to the authors' local interventions with
CLOCK.
“One country, two histories”: how PRC and western narratives of Chinese modernity diverge
Authors: Horesh Niv
Published: October 2020

Held in October 2017, the 19th Chinese Communist Party (CCP) Congress enshrined not just Xi Jinping's grip on power. It also re-coated its ideology with a medley of Socialist and traditionalist buzz words that had been marginalized in the 1980s. During the height of the reform era, these increasingly made way for ideas borrowed from market economies. Predictably enough, the ideological ferment surrounding the 19th Party Congress has since also played out in the realm of education. This article examines in detail the most current history textbooks used in PRC classrooms to construe China's recent past. To that end, included in my exploration will not just be changing PRC attitudes to Chinese modern history, but also PRC instruction of world history. In passing, I will also compare the school material with the latest authoritative Western scholarly studies of the same topics by way of eliciting how PRC official historical narratives of 19th–20th century events diverge from Western ones. A better understanding of those narratives is crucial to predicting how the PRC will behave on the world stage as an emerging global superpower.
Quantitative analysis of hidden particles diffusing behind a scattering layer using speckle correlation
Authors: Sarkar Anirban , Wang Irène , Enderlein Jörg , Derouard Jacques , Delon Antoine
Published: October 2020

Speckle-correlation imaging is a family of methods that makes use of the “memory effect” to image objects hidden behind visually opaque layers. Here, we show that a correlation analysis can be applied to quantitative imaging of an ensemble of dynamic fluorescent beads diffusing on a 2D surface. We use an epi-fluorescence microscope where both the illumination and detection light patterns are speckled, due to light scattering by a thin disordered layer. The spatio-temporal cross-correlation of the detection speckle pattern is calculated as a function of lag time and spatial shift and is used to determine the diffusion constant and number of fluorescent particles in the sample without requiring any phase retrieval procedure. It is worth to note that the “memory effect” range is not required to extend beyond a distance of few speckle grains, thus making our method potentially useful for nearly arbitrary values of the thickness of the scattering layer.
High-speed drilling of alumina ceramic by sub-microsecond pulsed thin disk laser
Authors: Jia Xianshi , Dong Jing , Wang Hailin , Aleksei Kozlov , Zhu Guangzhi , Zhu Xiao
Published: October 2020

The rapid development of optoelectronic components has demanded high-speed drilling for alumina ceramic substrate. However, the existing drilling speed cannot meet the demand due to the limitation of conventional laser system and drilling method. In this paper, by adopting a sub-microsecond pulsed thin disk laser that based on a multi-pass pumping module, a laser system with a pulse energy of 37.4 mJ and a peak power of 103.8 kW is developed, which helps us to achieve high processing efficiency. In addition, experimental and theoretical analysis suggest the positive defocusing method can be used to control the hole taper angle, and micro-holes with a hole diameter difference less than 6% is realized, which helps us to achieve high processing quality. Ultimately, it is reported that the drilling speed for micro-holes with a diameter of ∼150 µm reaches 30 holes per second, and for micro-holes with a diameter of ∼100 µm reaches as high as 66 holes per second. The performance of the sub-microsecond pulsed thin disk laser presented in this paper provides a reference in the field of high-speed laser processing.
Room temperature watt-level 3.87 µm MgO:PPLN optical parametric oscillator under pumping with a Tm:YAP laser
Authors: Guo Lei , Yang Yaling , Zhao Shengzhi , Li Tao , Qiao Wenchao , Ma Baomin , Nie Hongkun , Ye Shuai , Wang Ruihua , Zhang Baitao , Yang Kejian , He Jingliang
Published: October 2020

A room-temperature highly efficient Tm:YAP laser pumped MgO:PPLN optical parametric oscillator operating at 3.87 µm near degeneracy is demonstrated. The pump source is an acousto-optical (AO) Q-switched Tm:YAP laser, which delivers a maximum output power of 6.17 W with a pulse duration of 45 ns and a repetition rate of 6 kHz. The temperature dependent wavelength tuning characteristics of the PPLN-OPO is investigated, and a maximum OPO output power of 1.2 W at around 3.87 µm is achieved at 35°C, corresponding to an optical-optical conversion efficiency of 19.4%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the maximum output power ever reported from 2 µm waveband laser pumped 3-5 µm MgO:PPLN OPOs.
High-performance terahertz vortex beam generator based on square-split-ring metasurfaces
Authors: Cheng Kaixiang , Hu Zhengda , Wang Yiqing , Ma Jing , Wang Jicheng
Published: October 2020

Generating a vortex beam is a fundamental task due to the potential applications in wireless communication. Here we propose a kind of high-performance terahertz vortex beam generator with several topological numbers based on the square-split-ring metasurfaces. Via the Fabry–Perot resonance effect of the structure, the transmittance of an orthogonal polarization mode could be remarkably enhanced. We use a Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) mode for illustration and then simulate the far-field propagation of the LG beam by using phase superposition of focusing lens and vortex phase plates. The theoretical and simulation results agree well, which implies a bright application prospect.
Asymmetrical performance of a laser-based reservoir computer with optoelectronic feedback
Authors: Dmitriev P. S. , Kovalev A. V. , Locquet A. , Rontani D. , Viktorov E. A.
Published: October 2020

We numerically quantify the performance of a photonic reservoir computer based on a semiconductor laser subject to high-pass filtered optoelectronic feedback. We assess its memory capacity, computational ability, and performance in solving a multi-step prediction task. By analyzing the complex bifurcation landscape of the corresponding delay-differential equation model, we observe that optimal performance occurs at the edge of instability, at the onset of periodic regimes, and unveil a parity asymmetry in the performance with a slight advantage for positive over negative feedback.
Strategy to improve the long-term stability of low-stress e-beam coatings
Authors: Zeng Tingting , Zhu Meiping , Yin Chaoyi , Cui Yun , Zhao Jiaoling , Wang Yanzhi , Hu Guohang , Chai Yingjie , Shao Jianda
Published: October 2020

The performance of the electron-beam (e-beam) coatings can be easily affected by the environmental humidity due to their porous nature. We propose a shell layer strategy deposited by plasma ion-assisted deposition to cover the top surface and sidewall of the e-beam coating. The long-term optical and mechanical stability of the prepared multilayer coatings with and without the shell layer are compared. Our results show that the shell layer strategy can effectively isolate the underlying e-beam coating from the ambient humidity, thereby significantly improving the long-term stability and mechanical properties of the e-beam coating. Meantime, the shell layer strategy of isolating ambient humidity avoids the increase in compressive stress caused by water absorption of the e-beam coating, thereby keeping the entire coating stress at a low level. The proposed shell layer strategy can be used to address the time- and environment-dependent instability issues of the e-beam coatings for high-power laser applications.
Moving beyond Banksy and Fairey: Interrogating the co-optation and commodification of modern graffiti and street art
Authors: Ross Jeffrey Ian , Lennon John F. , Kramer Ronald
Published: October 2020

This editorial reviews the co-optation and commodification of modern graffiti and street art. In so doing, it analyses attempts by individuals and organizations to monetize the creation, production and dissemination of graffiti and street art. The commodification process often starts with attempts by graffiti and street artists to earn money through their work and then progresses to efforts primarily by cultural industries to integrate graffiti and street art into the products and services that they sell. This latter development can also include how selected property owners and real-estate developers invite artists to create works in or on their buildings or in particular neighbourhoods to make the areas more desirable. After the authors have established this context, they draw together the divergent themes from the four articles contained in this Special Issue.
Going All City: Struggle and Survival in LA’s Graffiti Subculture, Stefano Bloch (2020)
Authors: Ross Jeffrey Ian
Published: October 2020

Review of: Going All City: Struggle and Survival in LA’s Graffiti Subculture, Stefano Bloch (2020)

Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 240 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-22649-358-9, p/bk, $11.49
Balanço das ações relativas à gestão de recursos hídricos propostas no plano hidroambiental da Bacia do Capibaribe (PE)
Authors: Sousa Nílberte Muniz , Nascimento Elivelthon Carlos , Portela Maria Fernanda De Almeida , Figueiredo Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
Published: October 2020

O presente estudo tem como objetivo o levantamento do andamento das ações relativas à gestão de recursos hídricos propostas no Plano Hidroambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Capibaribe, localizada na porção nordeste do Estado de Pernambuco. A metodologia ocorreu a partir das seguintes etapas: análise da documentação disponível para a comunidade, reuniões para obter informações mais restritas com membros do comitê e funcionários de órgãos públicos, elaboração de gráficos e análise crítica do planejamento e execução. Os resultados mostraram que a partir das ações planejadas 23% não foram iniciadas, 31% foi iniciado, 23% foi concluída e 23% as intuições responsáveis não souberam informar. Apesar do planejamento a implantação prática encontrou diversas dificuldades, sendo um dos maiores desafios na implantação da gestão a definição dos responsáveis por cada atividade, o acompanhamento das ações e a integração entre diferentes instituições públicas. Portanto, a elaboração de um documento para gestão dos recursos hídricos em uma bacia hidrográfica, não garante o cumprimento das ações nos prazos estabelecidos. Assim, no plano da bacia é primordial identificar e informar os responsáveis por cada uma das ações estabelecidas e criar uma plataforma integradas para que diferentes instituições possam informar o andamento das ações.
Torque posterior progressivo para compensar mordida cruzada posterior
Authors: Bastos Marden
Published: October 2020

Uma das possibilidades para o tratamento da mordida cruzada posterior dentária é o torque posterior progressivo de coroa — superior para vestibular e inferior para lingual. Para facilitar o entendimento dos movimentos, podemos fixar com cera um dente de typodont perpendicular- mente ao alicate (Fig. 1 e 2). Outra forma de ajudar no raciocínio é desenhar um dente, ou gravar com uma broca esférica em alta rotação, no corpo do alicate (Fig. 3). Para a confecção do torque progressivo, marcamos a distal do canino em um fio 0,017” x 0,025”de aço (Fig. 4), posicionamos um alicate 442 nessa marca (Fig. 5), perpendicular ao arco, e outro alicate 442 na distal do arco, seguindo sua orientação.
Uso associado de mini-implantes ortodônticos e alinhadores Invisalign®
Authors: Rodrigues Guilherme Garcia
Published: October 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A Ortodontia contemporânea teve avanços impactantes em diversos campos, destacando-se o surgimento dos dispositivos de ancoragem temporária (DATs), como os mini-implantes, e dos alinhadores ortodônticos. Os DATs foram determinantes no controle da ancoragem e na substituição da colaboração do paciente por dispositivos independentes de cooperação. A associação entre DATs e aparatologia fixa é bem conhecida. Entretanto, sua associação com os alinhadores é ainda pouco utilizada pelos ortodontistas. OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho visa apresentar várias aplicações práticas dos mini-implantes em tratamentos com alinhadores. CONCLUSÃO: A utilização de DATs associados à terapia com alinhadores é possível e existem diversas maneiras de se realizar essa associação. Ao ortodontista cabe a liberdade de escolher e aplicar o melhor sistema para se obter a biomecânica ideal para cada caso, associando essa ferramenta formidável de ancoragem aos planejamentos virtuais e sua programação biomecânica.
Controle de torque e retração de incisivos superiores: qual o problema?
Authors: Martins Renato Parsekian
Published: October 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A retração de incisivos demanda controle sobre o torque desses dentes. A mecânica utilizada precisa ser diferente dependendo de como o ortodontista deseja que esses dentes se posicionem ao fim do tratamento. OBJETIVO: O presente artigo visa explicar, de maneira simplificada, o que é necessário para que o ortodontista controle o torque dos incisivos superiores durante uma retração. A relação entre a força de retração aplicada e os binários para controlar o efeito de lingualização será discutida e ilustrada. CONCLUSÃO: Quando se planeja a retração dos incisivos, seja para fechar espaços, seja para “distalizar” a arcada toda, deve-se planejar o posicionamento axial final desses dentes e planejar como a mecânica será realizada. Não se pode esquecer que, para ter controle dos incisivos, é necessário que haja binários dentro da interface canaleta-fio ortodôntico.
Tracionamento lento de incisivo central superior: chaves para o sucesso
Authors: Meireles José Kleber Soares de
Published: October 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A extrusão ortodôntica lenta para desenvolvimento ósseo em áreas de defeitos ósseos verticais é uma técnica bastante difundida na literatura ortodôntica e tem bases científicas sólidas. Forças aplicadas ao dente em direção oclusal alongam os feixes de fibras gengivais e periodontais, gerando uma tensão osteogênica. Como consequência desse processo, o movimento extrusivo resulta na redução da profundidade de bolsa, aumento do suporte ósseo e mudança na arquitetura dos tecidos moles e duros. OBJETIVOS: O presente trabalho descreve um protocolo clínico para tracionamento lento de incisivos superiores com uso de aparelho fixo e degraus de extrusão sequenciais. Um caso clínico será usado para ilustrar o referido protocolo.
Impacto do desenho e do material na eficácia dos aparelhos de avanço mandibular para tratamento da Apneia Obstrutiva do Sono: relato de caso
Authors: Vinha Pedro Pileggi , Fagnani-Filho Antonio , Lemes Sheila Marques Inamassu , Santos Gerson Paulino dos , Thuler Eric
Published: October 2020

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar que o desenho do aparelho intrabucal pode influenciar a eficácia do tratamento do ronco e apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS). MÉTODO: Relato de caso de paciente com AOS, ronco e sonolência diurna. Polissonografia (PSG) inicial demonstrava índice de apneia e hipopneia (IAH) = 29,8 e a saturação SpO2 < 90% = 5,9% do total do sono. Não aderente ao CPAP, foi indicada para o uso de dispositivo de avanço mandibular (DAM) todo em resina acrílica, recobrindo, inclusive, os incisivos superiores e inferiores, com aproximadamente 4,5mm de espessura. Uma nova PSG foi realizada com o respectivo DAM, resultando em IAH = 15,4 e uma SpO2 < 90% = 4,4%. A queixa de ronco e fadiga persistente a levou a consultar um otorrinolaringologista, que realizou nasofibrolaringoscopia sob sedação (DISE). Foi constatada importante obstrução da via aérea superior (VAS) em velofaringe e em hipofaringe, sem, contudo, indicação de cirurgia. Foi encaminhada para outro dentista do sono, que alterou o modelo de aparelho para um PPV2 em acetato, com 1,5mm de espessura. O mesmo avanço inicial de 6mm foi mantido, e uma nova PSG, agora com o novo DAM, foi realizada, resultando em um IAH de 3,4, uma SpO2 < 90% = 0,5%. CONCLUSÃO: O desenho dos aparelhos de avanço mandibular para o tratamento da AOS pode ser determinante na eficácia do tratamento do ronco e da apneia do sono no adulto. Aparentemente, aparelhos que utilizem materiais mais finos (como os acetatos) apresentam uma melhor performance no tratamento do ronco e da AOS.
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis High-resolution Computed Tomography Findings, and Their Correlation with the Etiology and the Disease Duration
Authors: Shobeirian Farzaneh , Mehrian Payam , Doroudinia Abtin
Published: October 2020

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immune-mediated diffuse parenchymal lung disease induced by inhaled antigens. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is widely used in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients and determining the progression and prognosis of the disease. In this retrospective study, 45 consecutive patients with the final diagnosis of HP, seen at a large tertiary care center during a period of 4 years, were included and their HRCT findings were evaluated. The most common HRCT findings were ground glass opacity and reticulation. Some HRCT patterns were detected more severely in bird fanciers in comparison with other etiologies. There is no “gold standard” for the diagnosis of HP. HRCT findings play an important role in hypersensitivity pneumonitis diagnosis and CT scan also help to define the severity of hypersensitivity pneumonitis injuries. In our study, reticulation and ground glass opacity were the most common findings in HRCT of patients with HP. We also find that patients with avian contacts had a significantly higher rate of fibrosis.
Rare Tumours of the Testis: Twelve Years of Experience
Authors: Oruc Zeynep , Ebinç Senar , Kaplan M. Ali
Published: October 2020

Rare tumours of the testis includes a wide variety of tumours. We aim to present clinical and histological characteristics of our patients with rare tumours of the testis. The medical records of 33 patients who were treated and followed-up for testicular rare tumours in our center between 2007 and 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Of all the 243 testicular tumours, 222 cases (91.4%) were germ cell tumours and 21 cases (8.6%) were non-germ cell tumours. Thirty-three rare tumours of the testis including rare germ cell tumours and non-germ cell tumours were detected. The mean age of the patients at diagnosis was 34 years (range 18–68 years). The histological types of rare testicular tumours were as follows: teratoma 4.5% (n=11), sex-cord stromal tumours 4.5% (n=11), paratesticular tumours 3.2% (n=8), and the others [lymphoma 0.4% (n=1), mesothelioma 0.4% (n=1) and choriocarcinoma 0.4% (n=1)]. The median duration of follow-up was 32 months (range 1 to 256 months). None of the patients with non-metastatic disease stage developed recurrence after having received appropriate therapy. Metastatic disease was documented in 9 cases at the time of diagnosis (five patients with teratomas, two patients with Leydig cell tumour, one patient with choriocarcinoma and rhabdomyosarcoma). The most common subtypes of testicular rare tumours in our center was teratoma and sex-cord stromal tumours. Because of testicular rare tumours have different biological features and different clinical outcomes, the management of each tumour requires a different approach.
Type-I Cryoglobulinaemia Associated to Monoclonal Gammapathy of Undetermined Significance
Authors: Duarte Juan Manuel , Ocampo Paloma , Ramos Silvia Graciela , Carballo Orlando Gabriel , Barcia Ricardo E. , Arévalo Cecilia Elena
Published: October 2020

Cryoglobulins are immunoglobulins that undergo reversible precipitation at cold temperatures. Monoclonal type-I cryoglobulinaemia is the least frequent and is associated to hematological diseases such as multiple myeloma, Waldenström’s macroglobulinaemia, chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and lymphoma. We describe the case of a 60-year-old female patient, who suffered from burning pain in her feet for ten months before her admission. The patient presented intermittent distal cyanosis that progressed to digital ischaemia. She also reported paresthesia in her hands, difficulty in writing, and a 26-kg-weight loss. At the physical examination, it was identified livedo reticularis, palpable purpura, and painful ecchymotic lesions in her calves and feet. Moreover, peripheral pulses were palpable and symmetrical. It was observed an atrophy of the right first dorsal interosseous and both extensor digitorum brevis, as well as a distal bilateral apalesthesia and allodynia. Both Achilles reflexes were absent. Laboratory tests revealed anemia, high erythrosedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a monoclonal IgG-Kappa gammopathy. The results also evidenced the presence of Bence-Jones proteinuria. The bone marrow biopsy revealed less than 10% of plasma cells, and skin biopsy informed leukocytoclastic vasculitis. The patient was treated with high-dose intravenous steroids and cyclophosphamide. The treatment showed that the skin lesions had improved, pain disappeared and motor deficit stopped its progression.
On a conjecture of Pappas and Rapoport about the standard local model for GL_
d
Authors: Muthiah Dinakar , Weekes Alex , Yacobi Oded
Published: October 2020

In their study of local models of Shimura varieties for totally ramified extensions, Pappas and Rapoport posed a conjecture about the reducedness of a certain subscheme of

n
×
n

{n\times n}

matrices. We give a positive answer to their conjecture in full generality. Our main ideas follow naturally from two of our previous works. The first is our proof of a conjecture of Kreiman, Lakshmibai, Magyar, and Weyman on the equations defining type A affine Grassmannians. The second is the work of the first two authors and Kamnitzer on affine Grassmannian slices and their reduced scheme structure. We also present a version of our argument that is almost completely elementary: the only non-elementary ingredient is the Frobenius splitting of Schubert varieties.
Sengende Hitze, Eiseskälte oder Mond? Zum Echo zoroastrischer eschatologischer Vorstellungen am Beispiel des koranischen zamharīr
Authors: Bitsch Sebastian
Published: October 2020

This article discusses eventual Qurʾānic allusions to Zoroastrian texts by using the example of zamharīr (Q 76:13). In the early tafsīr and ḥadīth-literature the term is most commonly understood as a piercing cold, which has frequently been interpreted as a punishment in hell. This idea, it is argued, has significant parallels to the concept of cold as a punishment in hell or to the absence of cold as a characteristic of paradise in the Avestan and Middle-Persian literature. In addition, Christian and Jewish texts that emphasize a similar idea and have not been discussed in research so far are brought into consideration. The article thus aims to contribute to the inclusion of Zoroastrian texts in locating the genesis of the Qurʾān – or early Islamic exegesis – in the “epistemic space ” of late antiquity.
Severe Left Main Coronary Stenosis Due to Aortic Bioprosthesis Implantation: A Case Report
Authors: Cui Huimin , Wei Shixiong , Zhang Lin , Jiang Shengli
Published: October 2020

Coronary artery ostial stenosis is a common but life-threatening complication that usually presents right after valve implantation, especially in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedure. However, as reported in our case, it may also have a late delayed presentation in valve replacement through median sternotomy. Here, we present a rare case of one patient who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for severe stenosis of the left main (LM) coronary artery six months after Mosaic aortic bioprosthesis implantation.