bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of industrial collaborative agglomeration on total factor carbon emission efficiency in China
Authors: Yuan Honglin , Liu Jia , Li Xiaona , Zhong Shen
Published: July 2023

Improving total factor carbon emission efficiency (TCE) is the key to achieving carbon emission reduction targets while ensuring economic growth. In this paper, the global Malmquist index based on the SBM model is used to measure TCE of 283 cities in China from 2011 to 2019. On this basis, this paper uses the spatial econometric model and intermediary effect model to empirically analyze the impact of industrial co-agglomeration on TCE and its transmission mechanism. Furthermore, considering the differences in geographical location and resource endowment among regions, this paper analyzes the heterogeneous effect of industrial collaboration agglomeration on TCE in different regions and cities. The results show that: (1) Industrial co-agglomeration can improve TCE, and its main transmission channel is technological innovation. (2) Industrial co-agglomeration has a positive spatial spillover effect. Industrial co-agglomeration in one region can improve the TCE in the surrounding regions. (3) Industrial co-agglomeration of cities with different geographic locations and resource endowments has a heterogeneous effect on TCE. Regarding geographical heterogeneity, the industrial co-agglomeration in the eastern region has the greatest promoting effect on TCE, followed by the central region. However, the impact of industrial co-agglomeration in the western region on TCE is not significant. Regarding resource endowment heterogeneity, the industrial co-agglomeration in non-resource-based cities has a greater promoting effect on TCE than that in resource-based cities.
Long-term activity of social insects responsible for the physical fertility of soils in the tropics
Authors: Bruand Ary , Reatto Adriana , Brossard Michel , Jouquet Pascal , de Souza Martins Éder
Published: July 2023

Ferralsols correspond to the red and yellow soils that are common in the tropics. They are deeply weathered but physical fertility is high because they exhibit a strong microgranular structure whose origin is still actively debated. In the present study, we looked for evidence of the biological origin of the structure resulting from soil fauna activity. We present results recorded with Brazilian Ferralsols developed under native vegetation. It was found that the Ferralsols studied exhibit morphological features related to the activity of social insects. We showed the presence of potassium 2:1 clays originating from the saprolite in the microaggregates of all the Ferralsols studied. These 2:1 clays were earlier discussed as markers of long-term termite activity. This highlights the threat that weighs on the physical fertility of these soils, and more broadly on the water cycle in the tropical regions concerned, if intensive agriculture reduces the soil fauna biodiversity, as indicated by several studies.
MAT as a promising therapeutic strategy against triple-negative breast cancer via inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Wei Shijie , Zhang Yubao , Ma Xiaoran , Yao Yan , Zhou Qinqin , Zhang Wenfeng , Zhou Chao , Zhuang Jing
Published: July 2023

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), a highly aggressive and heterogeneous subtype of breast cancer, lacks effective treatment options. Sophora flavescens Aiton, a Chinese medicinal plant, is often used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat cancer. Matrine (MAT) is an alkaloid extracted from Sophora flavescens. It has good anticancer effects, and thus can be explored as a new therapeutic agent in TNBC research. We performed bioinformatics analysis to analyze the differentially expressed genes between normal breast tissues and TNBC tissues, and comprehensive network pharmacology analyses. The activity and invasion ability of TNBC cells treated with MAT were analyzed. Apoptosis and cell cycle progression were determined using cytometry. We used Monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining to determine the condition of autophagosomes. Finally, the expression levels of the key target proteins of the PI3K/AKT pathway were determined using western blotting. The proliferation and invasion ability of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 can be effectively inhibited by MAT. The results of flow cytometry indicated that MAT arrested the TNBC cell cycle and induced apoptosis. In addition, we confirmed that MAT inhibited the expression of BCL-2 while up-regulating the expression of cleaved caspase-3. Moreover, enhanced intensity of MDC staining and high LC3-II expression were observed, which confirmed that MAT induced autophagy in TNBC cells. Western blotting showed that MAT inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway and downregulated the expressions of PI3K, AKT, p-AKT, and PGK1. This study provides feasible methods, which include bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments, for the identification of compounds with anti-TNBC properties. MAT inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, arrested cell cycle, as well as promoted cell apoptosis and autophagy. These experiments provide evidence for the anti-TNBC effect of MAT and identified potential targets against TNBC.
Exploring the micromorphological characteristics of adult lower cervical vertebrae based on micro-computed tomography
Authors: Li Kun , Yang Yang , Wang Peng , Song Haoyu , Ma Chunying , Zhang Yansong , Dang Xingye , Shi Jun , Zhang Shaojie , Li Zhijun , Wang Xing
Published: July 2023

We will use micro-computed tomography to scan 31 sets of the adult lower cervical vertebrae (155 vertebrae) to observe the morphological characteristics and direction of trabeculae in the lower cervical vertebrae by outlining and reconstructing the regions of interest and to calculate the variation laws of the microstructure in the regions of interest to reveal their structural characteristics and weak areas. As a result, the images showed that the trabeculae in the lower cervical pedicle near the medial and lateral cortices were relatively dense, and their bone plates were lamellar. There were cavities between the superior and inferior articular processes where the ossification centers had not been absorbed after ossified. The lamellar trabeculae in the vertebral plates near the cortical bones were only 1–2 layers, extended and transformed into rod-shaped trabeculae in a radial shape toward the medullary space. The lamellar trabeculae of the vertebral plate extend over the spinous process near the cortical bone. The statistical results of the trabeculae's morphological parameters showed significant differences in bone volume fraction values among the four parts (P < 0.05). There were substantial differences in BS/BV, except for no differences between the pedicle and the vertebral plate (P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in trabecular pattern factor values between the articular process, the spinous process, and the vertebral plate (P < 0.05) and a significant difference between the pedicle, the spinous process, and the vertebral plate (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in trabecular bone thickness and trabecular space values among the four parts (P < 0.05). The anatomical microstructural perspective confirms that the optimal choice is internal fixation via the pedicle. If using pedicle screws, the nail tract needs to be placed into the spinous process to increase its holding power and resistance to extraction.
Activation of cAMP (EPAC2) signaling pathway promotes hepatocyte attachment
Authors: Helena Grace Aprilia , Watanabe Teruhiko , Kato Yusuke , Shiraki Nobuaki , Kume Shoen
Published: July 2023

Primary Human Hepatocyte (PHH) remains undefeated as the gold standard in hepatic studies. Despite its valuable properties, partial attachment loss due to the extraction process and cryopreservation remained the main hurdle in its application. We hypothesized that we could overcome the loss of PHH cell attachment through thawing protocol adjustment and medium composition. We reported a novel use of a medium designed for iPSC-derived hepatocytes, increasing PHH attachment on the collagen matrix. Delving further into the medium composition, we discovered that removing BSA and exposure to cAMP activators such as IBMX and Forskolin benefit PHH attachment. We found that activating EPAC2, the cAMP downstream effector, by S-220 significantly increased PHH attachment. We also found that EPAC2 activation induced bile canaliculi formation in iPS-derived hepatocytes. Combining these factors in studies involving PHH or iPS-hepatocyte culture provides promising means to improve cell attachment and maintenance of hepatic function.
Magnesium ions mediate ligand binding and conformational transition of the SAM/SAH riboswitch
Authors: Hu Guodong , Zhou Huan-Xiang
Published: July 2023

The SAM/SAH riboswitch binds S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) with similar affinities. Mg2+ is generally known to stabilize RNA structures by neutralizing phosphates, but how it contributes to ligand binding and conformational transition is understudied. Here, extensive molecular dynamics simulations (totaling 120 μs) predicted over 10 inner-shell Mg2+ ions in the SAM/SAH riboswitch. Six of them line the two sides of a groove to widen it and thereby pre-organize the riboswitch for ligand entry. They also form outer-shell coordination with the ligands and stabilize an RNA-ligand hydrogen bond, which effectively diminishes the selectivity between SAM and SAH. One Mg2+ ion unique to the apo form maintains the Shine–Dalgarno sequence in an autonomous mode and thereby facilitates its release for ribosome binding. Mg2+ thus plays vital roles in SAM/SAH riboswitch function.
A metal–organic framework regulated graphdiyne-based electrochemiluminescence sensor with a electrocatalytic self-acceleration effect for the detection of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate
Authors: Dong Meihua , Jiang Ding , Cao Qianying , Wang Wenchang , Shiigi Hiroshi , Chen Zhidong
Published: July 2023

A novel multi-signal amplified electrochemical luminescence (ECL) aptamer sensor based on GDY and NH2-Zr-MOF for the ultra-sensitive detection of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
Dielectrophoretic assembly and separation of particles and cells in continuous flow
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Liu Shun , Shen Mo , Gao Ziwei , Hu Sheng , Zhao Yong
Published: July 2023

We developed a microfluidic device with a bipolar electrode array to investigate continuous-flow assembly and separation of particles and cells under dielectrophoretic force at a large scale.
Removing non-resonant background from broadband CARS using a physics-informed neural network
Authors: Muddiman Ryan , O' Dwyer Kevin , Camp Charles. H. , Hennelly Bryan
Published: July 2023

Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (BCARS) is capable of producing high-quality Raman spectra spanning broad bandwidths, 400–4000 cm−1, with millisecond acquisition times. We present an approach to removing the non-resonant background using a physics-informed autoencoder.
Photoinduced copper-catalyzed selective three-component 1,2-amino oxygenation of 1,3-dienes
Authors: Liu Yonghong , Yan Huaipu , Chen Yuqing , Hao Erjun , Shi Lei
Published: July 2023

This study presents an effective method for the photoinduced copper-catalyzed 1,2-amino oxygenation of 1,3-dienes, which results in a range of quaternary carbon-centered allyl carboxylic esters and tertiary ethers with excellent regioselectivity.
Bimetallic liquid crystal blends based on structurally related 3d-metal coordination complexes
Authors: Cretu Carmen , Popa Evelyn , Di Maio Giuseppe , Candreva Angela , Buta Ildiko , Visan Alexandru , La Deda Massimo , Donnio Bertrand , Szerb Elisabeta I.
Published: July 2023

Structurally related Zn(ii) and Cu(ii) metallomesogens based on phenanthroline and gallate chelating units by chemical blending self-organize into a single Colhexmesophase, forming hetero-bimetallic liquid crystalline materials.
Isoxazole as a nitrile synthon: en routes to the ortho-alkenylated isoxazole and benzonitrile with allyl sulfone catalyzed by Ru(ii)
Authors: Panigrahi Pritishree , Ghosh Subhendu , Khandelia Tamanna , Mandal Raju , Patel Bhisma K.
Published: July 2023

A Ru(ii) catalyzed solvent-switched E-selective route to obtain o-olefinated isoxazoles and o-olefinated benzonitriles from isoxazoles and unactivated allyl phenyl sulfones has been developed.
Silver-catalyzed pyrazole migration and cycloaddition reaction of diazo pyrazoleamides with ketimines
Authors: Shi Maoqing , Niu Gejun , Zhang Tianyuan , Xu Aimin , Zheng Rimei , Yusuf Abdulla , Shi Taoda , Hu Wenhao , Qian Yu
Published: July 2023

A silver-catalyzed pyrazole migration and cycloaddition reaction was well established with high yields and diastereoselectivities in a substrate-dependent fashion.
Mechanical characteristics and failure behavior of puckered and buckled allotropes of antimonene nanotubes: a molecular dynamics study
Authors: Cetin Murat , Kirca Mesut
Published: July 2023

Mechanical characteristics and failure behavior of two stable allotropes of antimonene nanotube with promise for nano-applications are studied for the first time.
Computational investigation of photoswitch conjugates for molecular solar energy storage
Authors: Elholm Jacob Lynge , Liasi Zacharias , Mikkelsen Marie Kathrine , Hillers-Bendtsen Andreas Erbs , Mikkelsen Kurt V.
Published: July 2023

Solar energy conversion and storage are vital for combating climate change. Molecular solar thermal systems offer a promising solution, where energy is stored in molecular compounds.
The thermodynamic and mechanical properties of Earth-abundant metal ternary boride Mo2(Fe,Mn)B2 solid solutions for impact- and wear-resistant alloys
Authors: Prysyazhnyuk Pavlo , Di Tommaso Devis
Published: July 2023

Substitutional solid solutions of the Mo2FeB2–Mo2MnB2  system exhibit high stability and a sufficient level of mechanical properties to be used as a reinforcement phase in high-manganese alloys (steels), providing both impact- and wear-resistance.
Machine learning-assisted structure annotation of natural products based on MS and NMR data
Authors: Hu Guilin , Qiu Minghua
Published: July 2023

This review presents a summary of the recent advancements in machine learning-assisted structure elucidation (MLASE) to establish the structures of natural products (NPs).
Porous organic polymers as a promising platform for efficient capture of heavy metal pollutants in wastewater
Authors: Gomez-Suarez Mathias , Chen Yunze , Zhang Jianhua
Published: July 2023

Heavy metal pollution in aquatic systems is a tremendous threat to the environment and human beings. Porous organic polymers (POPs) as efficient and promising adsorbents have great potential for use in the metal removal from wastewater.
Recent advances in electrode interface modifications in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Wang Jiantao , Wang Hsing-Lin
Published: July 2023

Advances in electrode interface modifications in perovskite solar cells are briefly reviewed for achieving efficient and stable solar energy conversion.
Synthesis of natural polyprenols for the production of biological prenylquinones and tocochromanols
Authors: Kruk Jerzy , Szymańska Renata
Published: July 2023

A relatively short method of polyprenol synthesis by chain-lengthening has been described, where critical steps requiring low temperature and toxic chemicals were avoided. Besides, a new method of tocochromanol synthesis is presented.
Nanostructured wearable electrochemical and biosensor towards healthcare management: a review
Authors: Khaleque M. A. , Hossain M. I. , Ali M. R. , Bacchu M. S. , Saad Aly M. Aly , Khan M. Z. H.
Published: July 2023

In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in demand for wearable sensors, particularly these tracking the surroundings, fitness, and health of people.
Removal of diclofenac by adsorption process studied in free-base porphyrin Zr-metal organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs)
Authors: Prasetya Nicholaus , Wöll Christof
Published: July 2023

The reproducible synthesis of free-base porphyrin Zr-MOFs with high diclofenac affinity to remove diclofenac from water streams is described.
A single step wet chemical approach to bifunctional ultrathin (ZnO)62(Fe2O3)38 dendritic nanosheets
Authors: Latif Saba , Akram Bilal , Saraj Chaudry Sajed , Khan Bilal Ahmad , Ali Mudussar , Akhtar Javeed
Published: July 2023

At the ultrathin scale, nanomaterials exhibit interesting chemical and physical properties, like flexibility, and polymer-like rheology.
How do donor and acceptor substituents change the photophysical and photochemical behavior of dithienylethenes? The search for a water-soluble visible-light photoswitch
Authors: Qiu Sili , Frawley Andrew T. , Leslie Kathryn G. , Anderson Harry L.
Published: July 2023

A systematic investigation of a family of photo-switches with electron-donating and -accepting substituents reveals that the switch with two electron-accepting 4-ethynyl-pyridinium groups exhibits excellent switching behavior in aqueous solution.
Push-pull photochromic dyes for semi-transparent solar cells with light-adjustable optical properties and high color-rendering index
Authors: Fauvel Samuel , Riquelme Antonio J. , Andrés Castán José-María , Mwalukuku Valid Mwatati , Kervella Yann , Challuri Vijay Kumar , Sauvage Frédéric , Narbey Stéphanie , Maldivi Pascale , Aumaître Cyril , Demadrille Renaud
Published: July 2023

Using push–pull photochromic dyes with carbazole units, we have fabricated translucent photovoltaic devices that vary their transparency with light intensity and maintain a high colour rendering index.
A NiCu–MoS2 electrocatalyst for pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction and Zn–air batteries driven self-power water splitting
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Nagaiah Tharamani C.
Published: July 2023

Benefiting from the remarkable trifunctional HER, OER, and ORR activity of NiCu–MoS2, a self-powered water-splitting device was constructed by integrating the water electrolyzer with Zn–air battery to achieve uninterrupted H2 and O2 production.
S-doped Ti3C2F2 MXene as an ideal sulfur cathode host for high-performance rechargeable lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Yuan Hao , Yang Jing , Zhang Yong-Wei
Published: July 2023

S-doped Ti3C2F2 MXene offers high conductivity, shuttle effect suppression, fast charge/discharge kinetics, rapid ion/polysulfide diffusion, and serves as a 3D Li2S deposition substrate, making it an ideal sulfur cathode for advanced RLSBs.
Facile synthesis of single-atom electrocatalysts with tailored carbon architectures via a polyelectrolyte brush-templated-growth approach
Authors: Fu Zhinan , Wang Lizhen , Zhang Weijun , Tang Xuan , Xia Wenxin , Li Jinxia , Wang Kuanwen , Zhou Lihui , Guo Xuhong , Dai Sheng
Published: July 2023

A series of Fe single-atom catalysts were successfully fabricated based on a novel polyelectrolyte brush-templated-growth approach and exhibit superior performance for oxygen reduction reaction.
Mn(ii) complex impregnated porous silica nanoparticles as Zn(ii)-responsive “Smart” MRI contrast agent for pancreas imaging
Authors: Mallik Riya , Saha Muktashree , Singh Vandna , Mohan Hari , Kumaran S. Senthil , Mukherjee Chandan
Published: July 2023

Mn(ii)-based porous silica nanoparticle encapsulated Zn(ii)-responsive MRI contrast agent has been investigated to examine the pathological condition of pancreatic β-cells whose functional efficiency is related to type-1 and type-2 diabetes mellitus.
On the water transport mechanism through the microporous layers of operando polymer electrolyte fuel cells probed directly by X-ray tomographic microscopy
Authors: Chen Yen-Chun , Dörenkamp Tim , Csoklich Christoph , Berger Anne , Marone Federica , Eller Jens , Schmidt Thomas J. , Büchi Felix N.
Published: July 2023

Water distribution in the microporous layer (MPL) and the gas diffusion layer (GDL) substrate during PEFC operation at different conditions is quantitatively measured by X-ray tomographic microscopy (XTM) with time resolution down to a few seconds to probe the underlying water transport mechanism.
Influence characteristics of water penetration on fibre‐reinforced polymer/rigid polyurethane foam interface of the composite cross‐arm considering natural ageing
Authors: Xie Jun , Zhou Zhe , Liu Ziqian , Tian Haonan , Zhang Sigang , Xie Qing
Published: July 2023

Fibre‐reinforced polymer (FRP)/rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) interface is susceptible to moisture intrusion in addition to natural ageing during operation. This study investigated the influence of moisture intrusion on the FRP/RPUF interface under natural ageing using experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Water absorption, shear strength, and leakage current tests were used to clarify the changes in the interface performance. The degradation mechanism of moisture intrusion at the interface under natural ageing was revealed by MD simulation and micro‐characterisation. The results show that the natural ageing of interfacial materials will slightly reduce the quality of the interface but will reduce the water resistance of the material and promote the process of water intrusion into the interface. In addition, water mainly invades the interface through RPUF. After water penetration, the interfacial bonding strength and insulation performance significantly decreased. Plasticisation and hydrolysis of interfacial materials are the main reasons for decreased interfacial adhesion. Hydrolysis can cause irreversible damage to the interface, increasing interface defects and water absorption. The vicious cycle of material hydrolysis is the ultimate cause of interfacial debonding. The polar molecules produced by this process and the water absorbed by the interface caused the degradation of the interface insulation performance.
Image segmentation by selecting eigenvectors based on extended information entropy
Authors: Zhang Daming , Zhang Xueyong , Liu Huayong
Published: July 2023

For spectral clustering algorithm, the quality of eigenvectors of graph affinity matrix is very important for the clustering result. So, how to obtain high‐quality eigenvectors is crucial. In this paper, the authors aim to propose some new measurement methods to evaluate each eigenvector of affinity matrix for spectral selection. Based on extended information entropy, three criteria, i.e. Spectral Distinguishability (SD), Spectral Distinguishability Validity (SDV) and pectral Distinguishability ‐Degree (SDD), are defined respectively. The compactness of clusters for each eigenvector is measured by SD; SDV is used to remove the inefficient eigenvectors for clustering; SDD is used to evaluate the contribution of eigenvectors to clustering and is exploited to build a selective spectral ensemble scheme. To indicate the merits of the authors’ algorithm, the authors consider varied artificial data and natural images, including Berkeley image segmentation data set as benchmark data set. The authors’ simulation results confirm the superior performance of the proposed method in developing spectral clustering compared to conventional clustering methods and recent eigenvectors‐selection‐based algorithms.
3D geometry‐based UAV to vehicle multiple‐input multiple‐output channel model incorporating Unmanned aerial vehicle heaving motion
Authors: Ahmed Naeem , Hua Boyu , Ali Farman , Zhu Qiuming , Ni Haoran , Bao Junwei , Mao Kai
Published: July 2023

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) play a vital role in the beyond fifth‐generation (B5G) and sixth‐generation (6G) wireless communication scenarios. This paper proposes a non‐stationary three‐dimensional (3D) geometry‐based multiple‐input multiple‐output channel model for UAV to vehicle (U2V) communications considering UAV heaving motion. The proposed model incorporates the effects of UAV heaving along with the rotation, acceleration, and 3D velocity variation for matching the realistic U2V communication scenarios. The computation methods for time variant channel parameters such as Doppler frequencies, angle of arrival, and angle of departure are given and analysed. The theoretical and statistical properties, including spatial temporal correlation function, TCF, level crossing rate, average fade duration, and Doppler power spectral density are derived and analysed aiming to evaluate the proposed model. Simulation results show that the output statistical characteristics agree with the hypothetical and simulated outcomes, which shows the validity of both the channel model and theoretical derivations.

The cover image is based on the Research Article 3D geometry‐based UAV to vehicle multiple‐input multiple‐output channel model incorporating Unmanned aerial vehicle heaving motion by Naeem Ahmed et al., https://doi.org/10.1049/mia2.12393
Dual‐band bandpass filter with high selectivity based on 3D printable groove gap waveguide
Authors: Yao Beini , Huang Nengcai , Zhang Gang , Zhou Xin , Lu Jing , Tam Kam Weng , Zhang Wenfei , Tang Wanchun
Published: July 2023

A compact dual‐band bandpass filter (BPF) with high selectivity based on 3D printable groove gap waveguide (GGW) for millimeter application is proposed by the authors. Two stacked dual‐mode GGW resonant cavities including TE102 and TE201 are used to realise a compact structure. The dual‐band bandpass response of the GGW BPF is developed from a split‐type coupling topology which produced two transmission zeros (TZs) between the two passbands. In addition, two TZs are generated outside the two passbands after introducing a source‐load coupling, which achieves a higher frequency selectivity. For verification, a prototype is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones, which validates the proposal.
Two‐plane waveguide coupler with arbitrary coupling ratios in the H‐plane and E‐plane directions
Authors: Li Qi , Hirokawa Jiro , Tomura Takashi
Published: July 2023

A comprehensive theoretical analysis of two‐plane waveguide coupler with arbitrary coupling ratios in the H‐plane and E‐plane directions is provided and a design of the two‐plane coupler with coupling ratio in the H‐plane direction and coupling ratio in the E‐plane direction is reported. The analysis of the two‐plane waveguide coupler is fully refined and accomplished by the authors. To realise an arbitrary and different coupling ratio in the two directions, it is crucial to specifically constrain the transition phase of the quarter model of the two‐plane coupler for different boundaries as necessitated by mode polarity. A prototype of the proposed two‐plane coupler is manufactured and measured to verify the concept. Its performance is observed from 27.0 to 29.5 GHz (8.85% fractional bandwidth). The measurement results are basically in accord with the simulation results, demonstrating the reliability of the theoretical analysis. Finally, samples of designed conventional H‐plane and E‐plane couplers are provided, cascading of which can realise the same functionality as the proposed two‐plane coupler. Compared with one‐plane couplers, the two‐plane coupler reported realises overall miniaturisation rates in terms of length and volume around 58.4% and 50.1%, respectively. According to the demonstration and verification of the two‐plane couplers having arbitrary coupling ratios, the employment of the two‐plane couplers to replace the conventional one‐plane couplers to realise miniaturisation of 2‐D beam switching matrices will be promoted in future applications.
Evolution and optimization of a brushless doubly‐fed machine with an asymmetrical reluctance and magductance rotor
Authors: Long Dingbang , Wen Honghui , Shuai Zhikang , Ma Zhengzhou
Published: July 2023

The brushless doubly‐fed machine (BDFM) utilizes an asymmetric composite rotor featuring salient pole reluctance and magductance to effectively compensate for the phase shift in space, as well as enhance magnetic field modulation effects, and is therefore used as a modulator. This paper evaluates the modulation capability of the modulator from the perspective of the magnetic field conversion mechanism. The theoretical evolutions of the average magnetic field conversion factors and torque contributions of various airgap field harmonics are accomplished. Additionally, multi‐objective optimization is conducted for better performance, using stratified sensitivity analysis on typical 4/2 pole pair BDFMs featuring symmetrical and asymmetric composite rotors. As a result, further improved modulation of the air gap magnetic field is expected, the cross‐coupling efficiency of the rotor is improved, and a lower output torque ripple is also achieved compared to the conventional symmetrical counterpart. Theoretical investigation of the optimized BDFM, including its effectiveness in enhancing performance metrics such as coupling factor, airgap flux density, and phase shift mechanism, is verified through 2D finite element analysis. Furthermore, a proof‐of‐concept prototype for experimentation was manufactured, which achieved good agreement with the theoretical predictions.
Relativistic dynamical friction in stellar systems
Authors: Chiari Caterina , Di Cintio Pierfrancesco
Published: July 2023

Aims.We extend the classical formulation of the dynamical friction effect on a test star by Chandrasekhar to the case of relativistic velocities and velocity distributions, also accounting for post-Newtonian corrections to the gravitational force.

Methods.The original kinetic framework was revised and used to construct a special-relativistic dynamical friction formula where the relative velocity changes in subsequent encounters are added up with Lorentz transformation, and the velocity distribution of the field stars accounts for relativistic velocities. Furthermore, a simple expression is obtained for systems where the post-Newtonian correction on the gravitational forces become relevant even at non-relativistic particle velocities. Finally, using a linearized Lagrangian we derived another expression for the dynamical friction expression in a more compact form than previously used.

Results.Comparing our formulation with the classical one, we observe that a given test particle undergoes a slightly stronger drag when moving through a distribution of field stars with relativistic velocity distribution. Vice versa, a purely classical treatment of a system where post-Newtonian (PN) corrections should be included, overestimates the effect of dynamical friction at low test particle velocity, regardless of the form of velocity distribution. Finally, a first-order PN dynamical friction covariant formulation is weaker its classical counterpart at small velocities, but much higher for large velocities over a broad range of mass ratios.
A Review: Biocompatibility and Drug Delivery Applications of Mannan Nanogel
Authors: Zhang Hongrui
Published: July 2023

Drug delivery researches has drawn tons of attention to achieve the targeted therapies that work for many diseases. Nanogels, a type of polymeric hydrogels with a nanoscale size, are promising materials for drug delivery applications. However, many current polymers used for synthesizing nanogels are lack in biocompatibility, stability, and low biosafety. This review focus on the mannan-based nanogels with high loading capacity, biocompatibility, and multifunctional stimuli-response properties due to their unique structure and biochemical properties. These characteristics make mannan nanogels very suitable for drug delivery applications.
Synthesis and Performance Study of Maleic Anhydride Binary Water Treatment Agent
Authors: Liu Zhan , Li Na , Yan Mei-fang , Gao Yu-hua , Li Hai-hua
Published: July 2023

A binary copolymer water treatment agent was synthesized by using maleic anhydride and sodium allyl sulfonate as raw materials and ammonium persulfate as initiator. The scale inhibition and dispersion properties of the copolymer were studied through static experiments. The results show that the binary water treatment agent has excellent scale inhibition and dispersion performance. Moreover, the polymer is an environment-friendly agent with good application prospects.
Developments in Binuclear Late Transition Metal Catalysts for Ethylene Homo- and Copolymerization
Authors: Cao Wenyao , Ren Chuanli , Liu Shaofeng
Published: July 2023

Recent advances in the research of late transition metal (Ni) salicylaldimine bimetallic catalysts in ethylene polymerization and copolymerization of ethylene with comonomers have been introduced. The effect of positioning two polymerization-active metal centers in close proximity on catalytic activity, molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and levels of branching are thoroughly documented. The synergistic effect of these binuclear catalysts compared to their mononuclear analogs is the subject of this review.
Impact of Island Nuclear Power Project on the Spatial Distribution Pattern of Mariculture: A case Study of Niushan Island, China
Authors: Zhang Dongrong , Yang Jieqing , Chen Lihong , Wang Zhifu , Qian Jian , Xu Hengtao
Published: July 2023

Nuclear power generation is being promoted globally as a clean energy source and is one of China’s key tools for addressing carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. The Niushan Island of China was selected as the research area and conducted detailed seasonal surveys at sea to explore the spatial distribution pattern of marine aquaculture around nuclear power project and analyze the potential impact of island nuclear power project construction on major marine aquaculture species. The results showed that, the spatial distribution pattern of mariculture around the Sea Island Nuclear Power Project is closely related to the aquaculture environment and seasonality. The main mariculture activities include Porphyra cultivation, mudflat breeding and ponding aquaculture. The envelope area of suspended sediment greater than 10 mg/L is 13.0565 km2 during the construction of the project, which may have an impact on the Porphyra cultivation. The average half-moon tide 1.0°C temperature rise envelope is 31.30 km2 in summer and 2.64 km2 in winter for the 6×AP1400 nuclear power units. The temperature rise caused by human factors may have an impact on the breeding activities of “Jiluo Sanniu Marine Ranch”.
Collaborative Complementary Electricity Trading Mechanism Between new Energy and Coal-Fired Power Generation Enterprises in Power Grid Under the Dual Carbon Targets
Authors: Jiang Siteng
Published: July 2023

To promote the implementation of the national strategy of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality” (the dual carbon targets), China is constructing a new power grid with renewable energy as its main component. This power grid presents new challenges regarding the reliability, security, and stability of power supply and economic operations. At the same time, there are also a series of key issues in the collaborative and complementary electricity trading between renewable energy and coal-fired power generation companies, especially how to strengthen the optimal allocation of resources between provinces. This article firstly identifies the changes in the new power system under the dual carbon targets. Then, it analyzes the key issues of the collaborative and complementary trading mechanism between renewable energy and coal-fired power generation companies from two perspectives: inter provincial and intra provincial market collaboration and the diversified transaction demand of multiple market entities. Finally, suggestions are put forward for the construction of this electricity trading mechanism.
Study on Water Quality and Trophic Status of Subtropical Cascade Reservoirs in Dongjiang River Basin in Dry Season
Authors: Song Yunlong
Published: July 2023

The Dongjiang River Basin is an important water source for Guangdong Province, providing water for living, production and ecology for more than 40 million people. The three large reservoirs, Xinfengjiang Reservoir, Fengshuba Reservoir and Baipenzhu Reservoir, are the three largest reservoirs in the Dongjiang River Basin. The quality of the water environment in the three reservoirs plays an important role in ensuring the safety of drinking water and promoting the overall protection, systematic restoration and comprehensive management of the water ecosystem. 11 indicators, including water temperature, transparency, pH, DO, turbidity, conductivity, ammonia nitrogen, TN, TP, CODMn and chlorophyll a, were tested in October 2022 to study the water quality characteristics and trophic status of the three cascade reservoirs. The results of the single-factor evaluation of water quality showed that all three reservoirs reached the surface water class II level. TN is the primary pollutant in Fengshuba and Baipenzhu reservoirs. The concentration of Chla in Baekpongju Reservoir was 3.4 μg/L, with a mild risk of algal bloom. TLI (Σ) of the three cascade reservoirs were about 16.41~32.14.The results of the integrated nutrient status evaluation showed that Xinfengjiang Reservoir was in a depleted nutrient status, while Mapeshuba and Bailuanzhu Reservoirs were in a medium nutrient status. Factor analysis showed that 11 water quality factors can be classified into four categories. F1 represents the organic pollution. F2represents the phytoplankton biomass. F3 represents the concentration of nitrogen. F4 represents the suspended solids in water.
Research on the Pricing of Reclaimed Water: A Case Study of a Wastewater Reclamation and Reuse Project
Authors: Lin Xiaohu , Fu Shengjie , Zhu Liping , Li Shiyi , Fang Haifeng , Zhou Wenming , Xu Jingcheng
Published: July 2023

The reclaimed water produced by sewage treatment plants can be reused for many purposes, which has gradually been paid great attention. However, its pricing mechanism has not been well established especially in China, which has brought certain restrictions on the wide application of reclaimed water. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the current situation of domestic reclaimed water pricing, combined with the research and analysis of reclaimed water production costs and related industry profits, and gives the recommended reclaimed water pricing. Taking the reclaimed water reuse project in Ningbo, China as an example, the cost and profit are analyzed by season. The recommended price in non-winter is 0.3833 yuan/ton, and the recommended price in winter is 0.4283 yuan/ton. This study may provide some reference for the improvement of the pricing mechanism of reclaimed water, thus contributing to the wide application of reclaimed water.
Study on the Technology of River Sediment Used as Planting Soil
Authors: Fu Jianbao , Li Xin , Chen Haijie
Published: July 2023

This article conducted on-site experiments on improving river sediment to produce planting soil, using aerobic composting technology. The main composting parameters include carbon nitrogen ratio, moisture content, pH value, and temperature. In order to adjust the carbon nitrogen ratio of the sediment, auxiliary materials such as chicken manure, pig manure, rice straw, and wheat straw can be added according to the carbon nitrogen ratio of the sediment itself and relevant specifications. In this article, rice straw and rice husk are added. In the on-site test, a group of piles were maintained above 60 ℃for 3 days, achieving harmless treatment of the sediment. However, when the carbon nitrogen ratio of the pile is less than 20, it is difficult for the sediment temperature to reach 60 ℃, and it cannot be guaranteed that the sediment can achieve harmless treatment. After the improvement, the obstacle factors of the sediment have been reduced, meeting the standard requirements. Nutrients increased, and among the 36 indicators after sediment improvement, only nitrogen was below the standard limit, while potassium and magnesium exceeded the standard limit. All other indicators met the standard requirements.
Study on Air Pollutant Emission Inventory for Offshore Fishery Resources Survey
Authors: Rao Xin , Huang Hongliang , Li Lingzhi , Yang Jialiang
Published: July 2023

With the promotion of reform in various fields and the release of vitality of fishery development, Chinese fishery has achieved sustained and rapid development. Today, China has become one of the largest fishing countries, with abundant offshore and pelagic fishing routes, and a large number of vessels. The result is more and more pollutants emitted by vessels, which seriously affects the air quality of the surrounding environment. In this paper, a survey of offshore fishery resources in the East China Sea in 2020 was selected as the research object. The emission factors were summarized combined with the existing research results. The operation status of the survey was divided, and the calculation flow chart of air pollutant emissions was established, finally the emission inventory was estimated. The sharing rate of main/auxiliary engine and different operation status was discussed. The research data is the basement for the green, energy-saving, low-carbon and sustainable development of fishery in the future.
Research on Technology Foresight of Terminal Energy Consumption Based on Delphi Survey
Authors: Liang Chen , Ma Xiping , Dong Xiaoyang , Li Yaxin , Yang Junting
Published: July 2023

In view of China's "carbon peak, carbon neutral" strategy, especially the important point of reaching the carbon peak by 2035 and achieving socialist modernisation, it is important to select a number of priority end-use energy consumption technology topics to promote the company's technological innovation. Based on the results of the two rounds of the Delphi survey, eight end-use energy consumption technologies with a "dual carbon" focus should be prioritised, namely: virtual power plant technology, electric vehicle technology, impact assessment and costing of carbon emissions and reduction, and carbon dioxide capture and storage technology. The results of the Delphi survey show that R&D investment, policy mechanisms and market viability are the main constraints to the completion of these technologies. In response to these constraints, relevant recommendations are made in terms of funding input, institutional development and market development.
Influence of Human Activity on Hg Transportation
Authors: Yang Dongfang , Manickam Sivakumar , Zhang Xiaoju
Published: July 2023

Hg pollutes the environment, living organisms, and humans; hence, studying Hg content is essential for human health security. Using the dataset in May, September, and October, the Hg content, horizontal distribution, sources and transportation paths in the waters of Jiaozhou Bay were easily determined. These results indicate that the Hg content changing range in the waters in May, September and October was 0.015-0.150 μg/L, corresponding to the national seawater quality standards of Class I and Class II. The Hg content in the water body mainly arises from two sources, the transportation of rivers and offshore ocean currents. It from rivers' offshore ocean currents was 0.019-0.150 μg/L and 0.020 μg/L, respectively. Among them, the transportation of rivers includes the transportation of Haibo River, Licun River and Loushan River. So, a model block diagram has been built to unveil Hg contents and its different paths during the transportation to Jiaozhou Bay. Thus, it becomes easy to quantitively determine the migration process of Hg content through human activities to the ocean and rivers. Hg's different paths and contents reveal four rules for entering Jiaozhou Bay. In May, the offshore ocean currents and Haibo River did not affect by Hg pollution. In September, the Laoshan River was not polluted by it. In October, the Licun River was not, while the Haibo River exhibited light Hg pollution. When the Hg content transported by rivers was relatively low, it by offshore ocean currents became visible. From May to October, three rivers were transporting Hg content. Hg mildly polluted only one river in October, depicting that human activity is a key concern for environmental protection. It discharged by humans to land was relatively low, meanwhile only once was river transportation slightly polluted by it.
Research on the Implementation Path of Agricultural Carbon Reduction in Heilongjiang Province
Authors: Tao Aixiang , liu Cheng , Wang Zihan
Published: July 2023

This article calculates the agricultural carbon emissions in Heilongjiang Province, analyzes the factors affecting agricultural carbon emissions using grey theory, and proposes strategies for reducing agricultural carbon emissions in Heilongjiang Province. Research shows that the main influencing factors of agricultural carbon emissions in Heilongjiang Province, in descending order, include: agricultural industrial structure; Urbanization rate of permanent population; Per capita arable land area for agricultural practitioners; Rural population; Agricultural energy intensity; Rural per capita disposable income; Rural per capita GDP. The suggestions proposed mainly include: further improving the quality of urbanization; Further optimize the agricultural industrial structure; Vigorously developing low-carbon agriculture; Increase the pace of largescale agricultural development; Further improve the use efficiency of agricultural means of production.
Spatial-Temporal Analysis of the Relationship Between Aerosol Optical Depth and Seasonal Land and Ocean Temperature Around Shanghai
Authors: Li Yuyang , Yang Changbao , Ye Mengying , Chen Tianyi
Published: July 2023

Few people use remote sensing data to simultaneously retrieve the seasonal changes in aerosol optical depth (AOD) on land and ocean, as well as its relationship with surface temperature. Aerosols, as one of the indicators of air pollution, directly or indirectly affect people's numerous activities. This article uses Terra satellite MODIS data as the data source and conducts AOD inversion work on the land and ocean areas around Shanghai, China based on IDL, 6S model, and dark pixel method. The results show that for land areas, the higher the surface temperature, the lower the AOD value, with summer being the most significant; On the ocean, the higher the ocean surface temperature, the greater the AOD value. This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the relationship between AOD and temperature, and confirms the possibility of retrieving ocean AOD from MODIS data.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Patients With Pre-existing Coagulopathy
Authors: DeBois William , Liu Junli , Lee Leonard , Girardi Leonard , Ko Wilson , Tortolani Anthony , Krieger Karl , Isom O. Wayne
Published: July 2023

Patients with pre-existing coagulopathies who undergo surgical interventions are at increased risk for bleeding complications. This risk is especially true in cardiac surgical procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) because of the necessity for heparinization and the use of the extracorporeal circuits, which have destructive effects on most of the blood components. In this review, cases of cardiac surgeries in patients with certain pre-existing coagulopathies are summarized, which could shed a light on future managements of such patients undergoing cardiac procedures with CPB. Pre-existing coagulopathies include antithrombin III deficiency, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, cancer, factor XII deficiency, hemophilia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, protein S deficiency, and drug-induced platelet inhibition. In summary, pre-existing coagulopathy in patients undergoing open-heart surgeries, if not recognized and appropriately managed, can cause serious complications. Management of patients undergoing cardiac procedures should include a routine coagulation work-up and a thorough past medical history examination. If any of the foregoing is abnormal, further evaluation is warranted. Proper diagnosis and management of the pre-existing coagulopathy disorders is of crucial importance to the surgical outcome and long-term morbidity.