bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Salivary And Urine Metabomic Profile Of Patients Living With Hiv/aids, And Its Association With Periodontal Disease
Authors: Balero Cosse De Sousa Viviane , e Santos Wagner Santos , Ribeiro Matheus Rigo , Casemiro Quicoli Gabriel , Silva Juliana , Pires Cardoso Guilherme , Paulino Laporta Caio , Mendes Maria Anita , Dias Meriellen , Merlin Ruth Andia , Caputo Bruno Vieira , Noro Filho Gilberto Araújo , Bredos Arseniam Michael , Tarquínio Marinho Kelly Cristine , Alves Levy Anderson César , Giovani Elcio Magdalena
Published: March 2024

The metabolome is the composition of all molecules present in an organism, metabolomics science allows us to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze metabolites and understand the biochemical state in response to genetic and environmental changes. The purpose of the study was to identify the metabolomic profile of biofluids (saliva and urine) of patients living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV/AIDS), and establish a possible association of metabolites with periodontal disease (PD). It was an analytical and descriptive study composed of 65 patients seen at the Center for Studies and Care for Special Patients (CEAPE-UNIP), who were divided into 4 predetermined groups (G), G1-PLHIV/AIDS and without PD, G2- PLHIV/Aids and with PD, G3-people without HIV/Aids and without PD, G4-people without HIV/Aids and with PD. The results showed that in relation to urine, G2 has the highest mean area of concentration of metabolites. There are statistically significant differences between G1 and G2. The area of G2 is greater than G3, and greater than G4. There are no differences between G3 and G4, neither between G1 and G3, nor between G1 and G4. Regarding saliva, there are no statistically significant differences when comparing the groups for the mean areas of concentration of metabolites. We conclude that it was possible to distinguish the metabolic profile of PLHIV/Aids with periodontal disease and without periodontal disease, some metabolites are over expressed in PLHIV/Aids and with PD. Most of the metabolites of the carbohydrate group are under expressed in PLHIV/AIDS, even in systemic compensation situations these patients presented a different metabolic profile.
The Fossil Record and Diversity of Pycnodondiform Fishes in Non-Marine Environments
Authors: Kriwet Jürgen , Cawley John Joseph
Published: March 2024

Pycnodont fishes were a successful clade of neopterygian fishes that are predominantly found from shallow marine deposits. However, throughout their long 180 million years reign (Late Triassic - end Eocene), they have made multiple incursions into both brackish and freshwater environments. This fossil record mostly consists of fragmentary dental material but articulated specimens are known from Early Cretaceous lacustrine localities in Spain. This review article aims to document all non-marine occurrences of Pycnodontiformes throughout most of the Mesozoic and early Palaeogene. This review highlights two interesting trends in the history of non-marine habitat colonization by pycnodonts: (1) a huge spike in non-marine occurrences during the Cretaceous, (2) the most occurrences in non-marine localities occurred at the latest Cretaceous, the Maastrichtian. The high number of colonization events within the Cretaceous lines up with extreme climatic events such as high temperatures resulting in high sea levels which regularly flooded continental masses, allowing pycnodonts easier access to non-marine habitats. The increased presence of pycnodonts in brackish and freshwater habitats during the Maastrichtian might have played a role in their survival through the K/Pg extinction event. Freshwater habitats are not as vulnerable as marine ecosystems to environmental disturbance as the base of their food chain relies on detritus. Pycnodonts might have used such environments as a refuge and began to occupy marine waters after the K/Pg extinction event.
Persistence and Stochastic Extinction in a Lotka-Volterra Predator-Prey Stochastically Perturbed Model
Authors: Shaikhet Leonid , Korobeinikov Andrei
Published: March 2024

The classical Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model is globally stable and uniformly persistent. However, in real-life biosystems extinction of species due to stochastic effects is possible. In this paper, we consider the classical Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model under stochastic perturbations. For this model, using an analytical technique based on the direct Lyapunov method and a development of the ideas of R.Z. Khasminskii, we find the precise sufficient conditions for the stochastic extinction of one and both species and the precise necessary conditions for the stochastic system persistence. The stochastic extinction occurs via a process known as the stabilization by noise of the Khasminskii type, and, in order to establish the sufficient conditions for extinction, we found the conditions for the stabilization.
The analytical results are illustrated by numerical simulations.

{\bf Keywords:} stochastic perturbations, white noise, Ito's stochastic differential equation, the Lyapunov functions method,
stability in probability, stabilization by noise, stochastic extinction, persistence.
Temperature Control of Cement Rotary Kiln Sintering Zone Based on FCS-MPC with Soft Constraint of Generalized Triangular Interval
Authors: Peng Jian , Cheng Shihui , Liu Wenxing
Published: March 2024

In the new, dry-process method of cement production, the temperature of cement rotary kiln sintering zone is a key factor in ensuring the quality of cement clinker. Based on the auto-regressive with extra inputs model, a finite control set model predictive control with soft constraint of the generalized triangular interval is proposed in this paper for the characteristics of a cement rotary kiln calcination system with multi-variable, multi-time delay, bounded disturbance, and slow dynamic process. Simulation experiments show that the steady-state error of the control algorithm proposed in this paper is smaller with better anti-disturbance performance than that of the traditional reference-trajectory-constrained, predictive control algorithm.
Nussbaum’un Nesneleştirme Kavramı Üzerine
Authors: AYDIN Aysun
Published: March 2024

Felsefi zeminde nesneleştirme kavramı bir insanın kendi amaç ve çıkarları için başka bir insanı araç edinmesi ya da bir insana araçsal değer atfedilmesi şeklindeki ahlaki probleme dayanarak ele alınmış ve açıklanmıştır. Bu bağlamda, nesneleştirmenin ve araçsallaştırmanın ne olduğu ve hangi koşullarda ahlaki bir problem teşkil ettiği soruları Kant’dan günümüze pek çok düşünürün cevap aradığı sorular olmuştur. Öte yandan, çağdaş yaklaşımlar, nesneleştirme kavramı ile bireylerarası tahakküm ilişkisine ve bir bireyin başka bir birey tarafından “bir şey” olarak ele alınıp “nesneye dönüştürülmesi ya da nesneleştirilmesi” durumuna farklı bir bakış açısı getirmişlerdir. Özellikle çağdaş feminist teoriler, nesneleştirme kavramını nesneleştirici bir birey olarak erkeğin nesneleştirilen bir birey olarak kadın üzerindeki tahakkümü zemininde tanımlarlar. Bu durum hem ahlaki bağlamda yanlış hem de psikolojik, sosyal ve kültürel açıdan kadının varlığına zarar veren bir durum olarak açıklanmaktadır. Martha Nussbaum, Nesneleştirme (1995 – Objectification) adlı makalesinde, yedi ayrı tür nesneleştirme biçimi tanımlayarak kapsayıcı bir nesneleştirme kavramı sunmuştur. Nussbaum’un farklı ve tartışmalı kabul edilen bu yaklaşımı, feminist teoriler tarafından cinsel nesneleştirme kavramı çerçevesinde ele alınmış ve sıklıkla tartışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda, kadının nesneleştirilmesinin ahlaki boyutu ve bu boyutun Nussbaum’un nesneleştirme biçimleri ile karşılaştırılarak açıklanması önemli bir kavramsal zemin sunmakta ve bu tartışmaya katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da nesneleştirme kavramını ve nesneleştirme türlerini hem ahlaki hem de feminist bağlamda felsefi bir problem olarak ele almak ve Nussbaum’un yaklaşımının yerini ve önemini değerlendirmek ve tartışmaktır.
Optimalisasi Pengelolaan Eceng Gondok Sebagai Inisiatif Pembangunan Berkelanjutan
Authors: Atqiya Muhammad Hudatil , Sholihah Aulia Wakhidatus , Sari Mefti Misna , Amellia Rika Della , Susiana Mei
Published: March 2024

Dalam pengelolaan eceng gondok terdapat kebermanfaatan untuk pembangunan bagi masyarakat, pemanfaatan tersebut dapat dilihat dari segi ekonomi dan lingkungan. Eceng gondok bagi masyarakat yang tidak mengetahui potensi atau peluang yang bisa didapat dari tumbuhan liar ini tentunya akan menganggap bahwa eceng gondok hanyalah tanaman perusak yang tidak memiliki kelebihan. Faktanya tumbuhan liar ini memiliki kelebihan dari segi lingkungan dan ekonomi yang tentunya dapat dimanfaatkan masyarakat. Dengan adanya pengelolaan eceng gondok bagi pembangunan berkelanjutan bertujuan memberikan informasi atau edukasi sekaligus pembelajaran bagi masyarakat yang belum mengetahui potensi dan peluang dari tumbuhan liar eceng gondok ini. Metode yang didapat dari memperoleh informasi mengenai pengelolaan eceng gondok didapat dari proses observasi dan wawancara oleh pemilik usaha kerajinan eceng gondok  sendiri. Dengan melalui observasi dan wawancara mampu memberikan informasi yang  pastinya tidak sedikit, peluang  eceng gondok dari segi lingkungan sendiri tentunya apabila tumbuhan liar yang hidup di rawa-rawa atau area persawahan ini terus menerus diambil dan dijual oleh petani eceng gondok setidaknya dapat berkurang juga memperlancar dan tidak menghambat aliran area persawahan. Jika dilihat dari segi ekonomi tanaman liar ini dapat disulap menjadi suatu kerajinan dengan harga jual yang tinggi dan tentunya banyak masyarakat yang tertarik dengan hasil kerajinan eceng gondok.
Dinamika dan Dialektika Ajaran Tasawuf Zunnun Al-Misri
Authors: Latif Mukhlis , Paidi Zulhilmi , Tajuddin Muhammad Saleh
Published: March 2024

The study of Islamic thought is one of the studies that has the orientation of conducting studies as well as critical analysis of several thoughts from Islamic thinkers. In the study of Islamic thought, one of the interesting studies is the study of thought in the field of Sufism. This paper aims to examine the ideas of Sufism from Zunnun Al-Misri with the main idea being Al Ma'rifah. This paper will specifically look at the aspects of the teachings and their implications, especially in the repertoire of the development of Islamic thought in the field of Sufism. This research is a qualitative-descriptive study that tries to analyze thoughts based on books or other research works that substantively discuss the thoughts of an Islamic thinker, namely Zunnun Al-Misri. The data collection technique was carried out by collecting references related to studies that discussed Zunnun Al-Misri's thoughts and then sorting them according to the focus of the study in this study. The results of reference collection are then carried out with a precision analysis process. The data analysis technique is carried out by looking at the focus of the study in research to be used as a reference in the literature review process. The results of the literature review based on the results of the study were then used as research conclusions. The results of the study confirm that the dynamics of Zunnun al-Misri's Sufism teachings are influenced by the social realities that developed during Zunnun al-Misri's life which was filled with the brilliance of Muslims in the field of science. This includes the various Sufism teachings of Zunnun al-Misri who were influenced by Fatimah al-Naisaburiyyah. Furthermore, the dialectical idea of Sufism Zunnun al-Misri was constructed by his student, namely Sahl Al-Tustari about Nur Muhammad which is a construction from the views of Al Ma'rifah Zunnun Al-Misri which is contextualized in the person of the Prophet SAW.
Tahapan Menuju Kemanunggalan dalam Ajaran Sunan Bonang: Studi Atas Suluk Wujil
Authors: Syarifudin Puhan , Yaqin Ainul
Published: March 2024

In Kejawen Islamic literature, Suluk Wujil by Sunan Bonang is a literary work that is full of Sufism content. This research examines how the stages of a person towards makrifat according to Sunan Bonang. The method uses library research, and data analysis with a symbolic interaction approach. The results of this study indicate that Suluk Wujil unfolds three specific stages to reach the level of unity. First, the takhalli stage, in which a person led to recognize his human nature. Second, the tahalli stage, in which each practitioner guides in performing prayers and dhikr without losing contact with God. Finally, the tajalli stage is when a person has become one with God, it means that his will has merged with God's will. However, in all of these stages in the teachings of Suluk Wujil not at all release three interlocking elements of Sufism, namely sharia, tariqat, and hakikat.
Bersyukur Pasca Pandemi: Sebuah Kajian Fenomenologis atas Pemaknaan Syukur Pada Lansia Pengayuh Becak di Tulungagung
Authors: Rofiqoh Lilik , Wulandari Livia Narini
Published: March 2024

Being elderly means experiencing a decline in physical condition that restrains their mobility. However, several elderly people work as pedicab drivers in their old age. This research examines the meaning of gratitude among elderly pedicab drivers after the outbreak. By using the qualitative method with a phenomenological approach, the researchers gathered data from a series of interviews from December 2022 to April 2023. The data taken from three informants are analyzed through interpretative phenomenological analysis. The research results show that the meaning of gratitude is closely related to feeling sufficient, loving work, and being ikhlas with existing conditions. The expressions of gratitude which are in the form of reciting Alhamdulillah, worshipping Allah, sharing sustenance, and working, can keep a person away from negative emotions to make him mentally healthy. This research is expected to enrich the study of gratitude from the perspective of Tasawuf as well as Islamic Psychology.
Insan Kamil and Homo Deus: A Pinnacle of Human Existence in the Digital Era
Authors: Muhtar Mohamad Khusnial , Bin Mohd Zailani Ahmad Firdaus
Published: March 2024

The human civilization in the current digital era is marked by advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and reflective thought on human existence. This article aims to examine and to compare the pinnacle of human existence in the digital era from the perspectives of Muhammad Iqbal and digital anthropology. The issues discussed are the concepts of Insan Kamil in Iqbal and Homo Deus in digital anthropology, as well as the similarities and differences. The method used is library research with philosophical approach. The data obtained is analyzed qualitatively and comparatively. The results of this article include: the pinnacle of human existence, in Iqbal’s perspective, is understood as Insan Kamil, which is the best representation of divine vicegerent. Meanwhile, in digital anthropology, it can be understood as Homo Deus, which is human surpassing traditional biological limitations and approaching divine characteristics. Both perspectives share similarities in motivation to enhance well-being of humanity, recognizing evolution of human life, understanding the unlimited potential of each individual, and emphasizing the importance of obedience to laws and ethics. Whereas the differences emerge in applicability, religious aspects, achievement foundations, views on God, and the stance on digital technology use. Practically, this discussion raises indecision among practitioners due to the development and utilization of technology clearly separating these concepts. The recommendation for further research is alternative theories that bridge these intersecting ideas.
Tajdid dan Kebangkitan Islam dalam Perspektif Yusuf Qardhawi
Authors: Azizah Khansa' , Elhady Aminullah
Published: March 2024

The modern era requires thinkers, including Muslim scholars, to continue to play a role in the people’s development of following the rise of Western civilization since the 18th century. Reform (tajdid) is an expression that describes serious and continuous efforts to deal with this problem. The existence of an understanding that is contrary to these efforts can thwart the revival goal of the people. On the one hand, there is a view of conserving religious texts, on the other hand, there is a view encourages religion to adapt to the orientation of the human life. Yusuf Qardhawi is a contemporary scholar who is very authoritative in addressing the phenomena that occur through a number of his works which assess the importance of the wasat}iyyah principle in initiating reform. This literature study uses a qualitative approach concludes that the realm of reform (tajdid) for Qardhawi is the change of something from one situation to a better and more important condition (including reform of faith, reform of understanding, reform of fiqh and the law therein, as well as reform of preaching). This whole thing cannot be separated from the Al-Qur'an and Sunnah as the foundation for maintaining the principle of balance. For him, anything that is separated from the provisions of Divine revelation and only relies on human abilities will tend to produce contradictions. A reform (tajdid) concept that does not maintain the originality of revelation will create a pseudo-reform. Because according to him, the revival in the phase called “Ushwah Islāmiyyah” requires every Muslim to cultivate love for the religion by believing in the perfection of its teachings without feeling inferior or dazzled by other civilizations.
Qadiyyah Ru’yatillāh fī al-Ākhirah Inda Al-Qādī ‘Abdul Jabbār wa Abī al-Hasan al-‘Asy’arī
Authors: Ma'afi Rif'at Husnul , Adi Yatma Rahmadani
Published: March 2024

This article discusses the debate on the issue of ru'yatullah between Abu Hasan Al-Asy'ari who said that seeing God is something that is possible, this statement was then opposed by Alqadhi Abdul Jabbar he argued that it was something impossible, even though they used the same arguments for their respective opinions, and each of them has an interpretation of the verse. This incident happened because there were no definite arguments about the possibility of seeing God or not in the afterlife. Therefore, the dichotomy between groups in this discussion does not drop the status of infidels for those who disagree with them. This article uses a type of literature review with an aqidah approach and the method used is a descriptive method and an inductive method, and a comparative method to compare the two understandings and reveal some similarities and differences in their understanding. The result is that the researchers found several methods used by Al-Qadhi Abdul Jabbar in discussing Aqidah, namely prioritizing reason rather than naql, making reason as a proposition, rejecting khabar wahid and using arguments from ta'wil al kalamiy. Meanwhile, the method of Abu Hasan Al-Asy'ari in discussing the issue of Aqidah is mediating between naql and reason, using aqli arguments, accepting ta'wil al kalamiy. The view of Al-Qadhi Abdul Jabbar in ru'yatullah is of the opinion that Allah cannot be seen in this world or in the hereafter, in contrast to Abu Hasan Al-Ash'ari according to him the meaning of the word ru'yah is to know the knowledge and power of Allah, they believe that the people The believer will see his Lord on the Day of Resurrection even if he does not know how. Not through the ability to see that is found in the ordinary eye, but with the ability that is bestowed by Allah Swt.
Comparison of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering in Colloidal Silver Nanostar ‎and Colloidal Silver Nanocubes
Authors: Shakir Zinah Salahuddin , Yaseen Sameer Khudhur , Dhaigham Ayad Abdul Razzak
Published: March 2024

يعد تشتت رامان المحسن بالسطح (SERS) طريقة سريعة الاستجابة وانتقائية للغاية تعمل على تحسين إشارات تشتت رامان للجزيئات التي تستخدم المواد النانوية كركائز. يتيح SERS تحديد مادة بتراكيز منخفضة جدًا عن طريق تضخيم المجال الكهربائي أو التحسين الكيميائي بسبب سطح Plasmon (LSP) الموضعي. في هذا العمل ، تم فحص التراكيز المنخفضة من كبريتات الصوديوم (Na2SO4) كمواد ملوثة للمياه باستخدام  SERS السائل على أساس البنى النانوية الغروية للفضة . تم تحضير نوعين من الهياكل النانوية للفضة: نجمية ومكعبة الشكل، واستخدامها كركائز SERS سائلة . تم استخدام طريقة الاختزال الكيميائي لتركيب الهياكل النانوية Ag من أيونات الفضة باستخدام عوامل الاختزال. تم استخدام مجهر القوة الذرية (AFM) والمجهر الماسح الإلكتروني (SEM) لتوصيف الفضة النانوية. تم الإبلاغ عن إجراءات SERS لهذه الجسيمات النانوية في الكشف عن كبريتات الصوديوم (Na2SO4) وتحليلها فيما يتعلق بكل من الشكل والحجم باستخدام ليزر 532 نانومتر. لاحظنا أن بنية الجسيمات النانوية ذات الزوايا الأكثر عددا والاكثر حدة أعطت إشارات SERS أقوى. ترتبط الزيادة في إشارة SERS بـ LSP ، والتي تنتج عن ترسب جزيئات كبريتات الصوديوم في النقاط الساخنة (المسافات بين الهياكل النانوية للفضة المتجمعة) في المحلول. لوحظ زيادة قمم رامان مع زيادة تركيز الكبريتات. يوفر هيكل الفضة النانوي النجمي المقترح نشاط SERS أقوى من الهيكل النانوي المكعب. هذا يعني أن SERS مع الهياكل النانوية النجمية أكثر كفاءة منها في الهياكل المكعبة النانوية. أيضًا ، يلعب تركيز الكبريتات دورًا رئيسًا في الكشف حيث تصبح إشارة رامان أقوى مع زيادة التركيز. كان أعلى معامل تعزيز تحليلي للكبريتات تم الحصول عليه لـ SERS في محلول الفضة النانوي النجمي الغروي 2.6 × 103 عند 7 × 10-7 م بأقل تركيز ، وكان 1.7 × 103 عند 7 × 10-7 م أقل تركيز لـ SERS في محلول الفضة النانوي المكعب الغروي.
Context-aware Location Privacy Protection Method
Authors: Qing Haohua , Ibrahim Roliana , Nies Hui Wen
Published: March 2024

لقد أصبحت حماية خصوصية الموقع موضوعاً يحظى بإهتمام متزايد مع شعبية الخدمات المبنية على المواقع. تقترح هذه الدراسة طريقة حماية خصوصية الموقع الواعية للسياق (CA-LP). تقوم CA-LP بتقييم احتياجات خصوصية الموقع لدى المستخدمين من خلال تحليل مساراتهم التاريخية وتقدير درجة تسرب الخصوصية في المواقع. تقارن التجارب بين CA-LP وطرق أخرى من حيث مقاييس مثل مستوى حماية الخصوصية، جودة الخدمة، مخاطر تسرب الخصوصية، فقدان المعلومات، ومتوسط الوقت المجهول. تظهر النتائج أن CA-LP توفر حماية خصوصية وجودة خدمة أفضل عند النظر في جميع العوامل. تظهر CA-LP قيمة عملية واسعة في تطبيقات مشاركة المواقع.
Impact of Healthcare Accessibility on Suicide Rates in the European Union: A Cross-Sectional Correlation Study
Authors: Máčel Martin , Opelka Jakub , Němcová Hana , Labajová Alexa
Published: March 2024

Introduction.
This study aimed to explore the relationship between the accessibility of healthcare, its financing by the state and the suicide rate in the states of the European Union. We strive to identify which part of the healthcare system, or the interplay between them, is critical to suicide prevention.
Methods.
We used freely available data from Eurostat and identified factors that best indicate the availability and funding of health care. We used hierarchical linear regression to predict suicide rates in the EU. We included data from 2011 to 2019, the latest fully published.
Results.
Our model demonstrated exceptional explanatory power, accounting for 24.8 % of the suicide rate variance within EU states. A significant protective effect was found between the number of psychiatrists (β = -.36), the percentage of inhabitants self-reporting fully met medical examination needs (β = -.15) and the suicide rate. Contrary to our expectation, the number of GPs (β = .37) and beds in psychiatry hospitals (β = .43) had a positive effect on the suicide rate.
Conclusions.
While our study is exploratory it might serve as a basis for policies aiming to lower suicide rates in European countries by enhancing access to and funding of healthcare.
Enhancing Patient Comfort and Safety in Emergency Medical Transportation: A Comparative Study of Powered vs. Manual Stretchers
Authors: Toyama Gen , Takei Yutaka
Published: March 2024

Introduction: To assess the impact of powered stretchers in comparison to manual stretchers on both patient comfort and psychological benefits.
Methods: A simulation study with 41 participants compared powered and manual stretchers. Sensors on participants collected X, Y, and Z-axis acceleration data during simulated patient movements. Participants experienced lifting/lowering and loading/unloading. Post-experiment surveys used a 7-point scale to rate comfort during stretcher movements.
Results: The powered stretcher outperformed the manual stretcher in most lifting/lowering and loading/unloading movements, showing significantly lower RMS values, maximum accelerations, and minimum acceleration on each axis. In the Z-axis (vertical direction) acceleration, the powered stretcher demonstrated lower RMS (0.29 m/s² vs. 0.73 m/s², p < 0.001), maximum acceleration (1.60 m/s² vs. 2.90 m/s², p < 0.001), and minimum acceleration (-1.48 m/s² vs. -3.30 m/s², p < 0.001) compared to the manual stretcher. Similar results were observed in the comparison of participant loading/unloading movements, where the powered stretcher exhibited superiority in RMS values, maximum accelerations, and minimum acceleration on each axis. In the Z-axis acceleration, the powered stretcher showed lower RMS (0.32 m/s² vs. 0.89 m/s², p < 0.001), maximum acceleration (2.07 m/s² vs. 3.38 m/s², p < 0.001), and minimum acceleration (-2.34 m/s² vs. -3.72 m/s², p < 0.001) compared to the manual stretcher. Additionally, the powered stretcher significantly improved comfort questionnaire scores compared to the manual stretcher, indicating its potential to alleviate psychological discomfort and anxiety in participants.
Conclusion: Powered stretchers demonstrate significant advantages in reducing patient discomfort and vibrations compared to manual stretchers.
Infrared drying of persimmon: Impact of drying parameters on drying time and product characteristics
Authors: Debaklou Hasan Jamal , Movagharnejad Kamyar , Jafari Fatemeh
Published: March 2024

The impact of infrared drying parameters on drying time and qualitative characteristics of persimmon was investigated using varied sample thickness (3, 5, and 7 mm), air velocity (0.5, 1.25, and 2 ms-1), and infrared power level (1000, 1500, and 2000 W). The box-Behnken design of the response surface methodology was employed to develop drying tests that demonstrate the connection between input and output variables. The outcomes revealed that the drying time was reduced by reducing sample thickness and air velocity and raising the infrared power level. The total phenolic content, antioxidant activity (IC50), and phosphorus content all dropped, yet the potassium level rose after the drying. In addition, all responses, along with high R2 values, demonstrated a quadratic model. Accordingly, 7 mm sample thickness, 1.29 ms-1 air velocity, and 2000 W infrared power level were the results of the drying parameters being optimized for the specific restrictions. The experimental test results at such optimal setting were determined to be 265.12 min (drying time), 174.75 mg GAE/100 g dm (total phenolic content), 190.3 micro gram per liter (antioxidant activity (IC50)), 852.89 mg/100 g dm (potassium content), 156.58 mg/100 g dm (phosphorus content), and 16.44 total color difference with desirability factor of 0.882.
Endogenous TDP-43 mislocalization in a novel knock-in mouse model reveals DNA repair impairment, inflammation, and neuronal senescence
Authors: Mitra Joy , Dharmalingam Prakash , Kodavati Manohar M. , Guerrero Erika N. , Rao K. S. , Garruto Ralph , Hegde Muralidhar L
Published: March 2024

TDP-43 mislocalization and aggregation are key pathological features of motor neuron diseases (MND) including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). However, transgenic hTDP-43 WT or ∆NLS-overexpression animal models mainly capture late-stages TDP-43 proteinopathy, and do not provide a complete understanding of early motor neuron-specific pathology during pre-symptomatic phases. We have now addressed this shortcoming by generating a new endogenous knock-in (KI) mouse model using a combination of CRISPR/Cas9 and FLEX Cre-switch strategy for the conditional expression of a mislocalized Tdp-43∆NLS variant of mouse Tdp-43. This variant is either expressed conditionally in whole mice or specifically in the motor neurons. The mice exhibit loss of nuclear Tdp-43 concomitant with its cytosolic accumulation and aggregation in targeted cells, leading to increased DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), signs of inflammation and DNA damage-associated cellular senescence. Notably, unlike WT Tdp43 which functionally interacts with Xrcc4 and DNA Ligase 4, the key DSB repair proteins in the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, the Tdp-43∆NLS mutant sequesters them into cytosolic aggregates, exacerbating neuronal damage in mice brain. The mutant mice also exhibit myogenic degeneration in limb muscles and distinct motor deficits, consistent with the characteristics of MND. Our findings reveal progressive degenerative mechanisms in motor neurons expressing endogenous Tdp-43∆NLS mutant, independent of TDP-43 overexpression or other confounding etiological factors. Thus, this unique Tdp-43 KI mouse model, which displays key molecular and phenotypic features of Tdp-43 proteinopathy, offers a significant opportunity to further characterize the early-stage progression of MND and also opens avenues for developing DNA repair-targeted approaches for treating TDP-43 pathology-linked neurodegenerative diseases.
Evaluation of the accuracy of conventional and digital implant impression techniques in bilateral distal extension cases.A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Elashry Wafaa Youssef , Elsheikh Mohamed Maamoun , Elsheikh Ali mohamed
Published: March 2024

Background
This clinical study aims to evaluate the accuracy of the conventional implant impression techniques compared to the digital impression ones in bilateral distal extension cases.
Methods
A total of 32 implants were placed in eight patients missing all mandibular posterior teeth except the first premolars. Each patient received a total of four implants, with two implants placed on each side, in order to provide support for three units of screw-retained zirconia restorations. Following osteointegration, the same patient underwent two implant-level impression techniques: Conventional open-tray impressions CII (splinted pick-up) and digital implant impressions DII with TRIOS 3 Shape intraoral scanner. The accuracy of impressions was evaluated utilizing a three-dimensional superimposition analysis of standard tessellation language (STL) files. Subsequently, the scan bodies were segmented using Gom inspect software to measure three-dimensional deviations in a color-coding map. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal Wallis test and then a post-hoc test to determine the significance level (P < 0.05).
Results
The study revealed that higher angular and positional deviations were shown toward distal scan bodies compared to mesial ones for both impression techniques. However, this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Splinted open-tray conventional impression and intraoral scanning implant impression techniques have demonstrated comparable accuracy.
Trial registration
Clinical Trials.gov Registration: ID: NCT05912725.
Heptafluoroisopropyl methyl ether as a low global warming potential alternative for plasma etching of SiC
Authors: You Sanghyun , Sun Eun Jae , Hwang Yujeong , Kim Chang-Koo
Published: March 2024

Heptafluoroisopropyl methyl ether (HFE-347mmy) was used for SiC etching to evaluate low-GWP (global warming potential) hydrofluoroether as an alternative to SF6. SiC was etched in the HFE-347mmy/O2/Ar and SF6/O2/Ar plasmas, and the etching characteristics were compared at various bias voltages. The etch rates of SiC in the HFE-347mmy/O2/Ar plasma were higher than those in the SF6/O2/Ar plasma at low bias voltages (lower than −500 V), whereas those in the SF6/O2/Ar plasma were higher than those in the HFE-347mmy/O2/Ar plasma at high bias voltages (higher than −600 V). The relative amounts of F and O radicals in both plasmas imply that F is a major contributor to SiC etching at low bias voltages (lower than −500 V), whereas O is a major contributor at high bias voltages (higher than −600 V) in the HFE-347mmy/O2/Ar and SF6/O2/Ar plasmas. AFM measurements showed that the SiC etched in the HFE-347mmy/O2/Ar plasma exhibited smoother surfaces than that etched in the SF6/O2/Ar plasma.
Cognitive Enhancers Consumption: Prevalence, Knowledge, and Determinants of use among medical students in Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan. A multicentric cross-sectional study
Authors: Hawas Yousef , Ayoub Motasem , Esmail Esraa , Elsakka Mona Mahmoud , Antonios Marina , Azeez Andrew , Gahlan Shereen , Hamadein Fatima , Alabdallat Yasmeen Jamal , group MRGE
Published: March 2024

Background: Cognitive Enhancers (CE) are central nervous system stimulant medications. These substances are known to improve cognitive functions. Due to high-perceived stress and academic pressure, CEs are becoming increasingly popular among university students, especially medical students. As a result, they are more likely to misuse these substances. Existing data in this area is limited, particularly in Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan.
Objectives: This study aims to estimate the prevalence of CE consumption, compare the prevalence between countries and genders, and identify characteristics associated with CE consumption among students at medical schools in Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan.
Methods: A population-based survey study was conducted among medical students from Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan. An online self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data. Frequencies and percentages were calculated to represent participant distribution across categories. Chi-square was used for categorical variables comparisons. All tests were two-tailed, considering p < 0.05 statistically significant. Demographic characteristics, reasons for use, types of CE used, frequency, and irregularity of sleep were compared by country and gender.
Results: The questionnaire was filled out by 1399 medical students, most of whom were females 824 (58.9%). Overall, 1236 (88.3%) were CE consumers, and 163 (11.7%) were non-consumers. Of the respondents who used CE, 814 (58.2%) reported using them daily. There was a statistically significant difference between the consumption of CE and the source of acquisition, Nationality, and residence status in terms of gender. Ginkgo Biloba was more consumed by males(P<0.001), while Omega 3 and vitamin B12 (P=0.023) were typically taken by females. Most consumers were in their second year and fourth year. The most reported Side effects were headache and anxiety (P<0.001).
Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that CE use is increasing among medical students in Egypt, Sudan, and Jordan. Efficient support, stress management programs, and awareness symposia may help reduce the misuse of these substances.
Cascading socio-economic and financial impacts of the Russia-Ukraine conflict
Authors: Auer Cornelia , Bosello Francesco , Bressan Giacomo , Delpiazzo Elisa , Monasterolo Irene , Parrado Ramiro , Reyer Christopher , Otto Christian
Published: March 2024

Disruptions in global food and energy trade can trigger cascading socio-economic
losses. Financial markets can amplify such losses and generate systemic cross-
sectoral effects, e.g. on food insecurity. Our novel methodology links the real
economy and financial markets to quantify such cascading losses and to capture
amplification effects by financial markets. We study the Russia-Ukraine conflict
and find large, regionally and sectorally heterogeneous cascading impacts. Com-
paring with real data confirms that our approach captures several key impacts of
the crisis: the energy price increase in Europe, the strong reaction of European
commodity future markets with large benefits for fossil companies (equity values
up to +54%) and losses for companies most exposed to the belligerents (up to
-6%), and the worsening of food affordability especially in Sub-Saharan Africa,
Asia, and Latin America (additionally 10 million people at risk of hunger). Our
analysis shows the importance of accounting for cascading risks and amplification
effects to strengthen economic, financial, and food system resilience.
Efficient modelling of ionic and electronic interactions by resistive memory-based reservoir graph neural network
Authors: Wang Zhongrui , Xu Meng , Wang Shaocong , He Yangu , Li Yi , Zhang Woyu , Yang Ming , Qi Xiaojuan , Xu Ming , Shang Dashan , Liu Qi , Miao Xiangshui , Liu Ming
Published: March 2024

Current quantum chemistry and material science are dominated by first-principles methodologies (e.g., density function theory, DFT) running on digital computing platforms, which are widely used for modelling electronic and ionic interactions. However, this computational paradigm faces significant challenges as the system scales up, due to the computational complexity of DFT alongside the energy efficiency limit due to the von Neumann bottleneck and slowdown of Moore’s law in digital computers. To address these obstacles, we propose a software-hardware co-design: the resistive memory-based reservoir graph neural network (RGNN) for modelling systems with ionic and electronic interactions. Software-wise, RGNN eliminates the need for tedious self-consistent field calculation of DFT, significantly reducing computational complexity. In addition, RGNN features small training complexity thanks to reservoir computing. Hardware-wise, resistive in-memory computing collocates data storage and processing, improving energy efficiency associated with data shuttling. Moreover, stochasticity of resistive memory is leveraged to implement random weights of the reservoir. This co-designed system has been experimentally validated on a 40 nm 256 K in-memory computing macro and evaluated in computational tasks such as atomic forces, Hamiltonian, and ground-state many-body wavefunction, demonstrating comparable accuracy and computational complexity reduction of approximately 104, 106 and 102 times compared to DFT. Furthermore, our co-design achieves approximately 90.9%, 93.5%, 95.7% reductions in training costs compared to traditional GNNs, and approximately 72.1%, 64.7% and 82.5% improvements in energy efficiency relative to state-of-the-art digital hardware. Our co-design sets the stage for future large-scale, efficient, and affordable material system design.
Revealing the Power of Port’s Bi-directional Hinterland: A Hybrid Container Throughput Forecasting Approach
Authors: Zeng Fangli , Xu Shuojiang
Published: March 2024

Accurate forecasting of port container throughput plays a crucial role in optimising port operations, resource allocation, supply chain management, etc. However, existing studies only focus on the impact of port hinterland economic development on container throughput, ignoring the impact of port foreland. This study proposed a container throughput forecasting model based on deep learning, which considers the impact of port hinterland and foreland on container throughput. Real-world experimental results showed that the proposed model with multiple data sources outperformed other forecasting methods, achieving significantly higher accuracy. The implications of this study are significant for port authorities, logistics companies, and policymakers.
Exploring the Prospects of LLMs in Hospital Management: A Perspective on Medical data inquiry
Authors: Li jiaxi , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yuhang , he shenyang , tang yan
Published: March 2024

Background
In light of the rapid expansion of hospital operations and the increasing digitization of medical data, there is a pressing need for efficient and intelligent methods to process and analyze large-scale medical data.
Methods
To tackle these challenges, the study integrates the QLoRA algorithm with ChatGLM2-6b and Llama2-6b models. These models undergo fine-tuning on a local SQL dataset, with a specific emphasis on optimizing performance, especially for simpler queries. Subsequently, we employ Prompt-Engineering with ChatGPT-3.5, enabling us to effectively leverage its capabilities and tailor its outputs to execute SQL queries.
Results
The comprehensive big data platform illustrates the evolution of inpatient operations, encompassing diverse information such as patient diagnoses, surgeries, medications, and examinations across various healthcare domains. The integration of the QLoRA algorithm with ChatGLM2-6b and Llama2-6b models, combined with fine-tuning on a local SQL dataset, enhances the model's performance on simple and moderately difficult SQL queries. Notably, after minimal training, the ChatGPT3.5 model closely approximates the results of human engineers in terms of SQL query performance, achieving an accuracy of approximately 90%.
Conclusion
The strategic utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Natural Language to SQL (NL2SQL) generation enhances the efficiency of medical data analysis. This approach provides a robust foundation for decision-making in hospital management amid the evolving landscape of healthcare operations and data queries.
Survival analysis for AdVerse events with VarYing follow-up times (SAVVY): summary of findings and a roadmap for the future of safety analyses in clinical trials
Authors: Rufibach Kaspar , Beyersmann Jan , Friede Tim , Schmoor Claudia , Stegherr Regina
Published: March 2024

Background The SAVVY project aims to improve the analyses of adverse events (AEs) in clinical trials through the use of survival techniques appropriately dealing with varying follow-up times and competing events (CEs). This paper summarizes key features and conclusions from the various SAVVY papers.
Methods Through theoretical investigations using simulations and in an empirical study including randomized clinical trials from several sponsor organisations, biases from ignoring varying follow-up times or CEs are investigated. The bias of commonly used estimators of the absolute and relative AE risk is quantified. Furthermore, we provide a cursory assessment of how pertinent guidelines for the analysis of safety data deal with the features of varying follow-up time and CEs.
Results SAVVY finds that for both, avoiding bias and categorization of evidence with respect to treatment effect on AE risk into categories, the choice of the estimator is key and more important than features of the underlying data such as percentage of censoring, CEs, amount of follow-up, or value of the gold-standard.
Conclusions The choice of the estimator of the cumulative AE probability and the definition of CEs are crucial. SAVVY recommends using the Aalen-Johansen estimator (AJE) with an appropriate definition of CEs whenever the risk for AEs is to be quantified. There is an urgent need to improve the guidelines of reporting AEs so that incidence proportions or one minus Kaplan-Meier estimators are finally replaced by the \aje with appropriate definition of CEs.
Steps towards operationalizing One Health approaches
Authors: Pepin Kim , Carlisle Keith , Anderson Dean , Baker Michael , Chipman Richard , Benschop Jackie , French Nigel , Greenhalgh Suzie , McDougall Scott , Muellner Petra , Murphy Emil , O'Neale Dion , Plank Michael , Hayman David
Published: March 2024

One Health recognizes the health of humans, agriculture, wildlife, and the environment are interrelated. The concept has been embraced by international health and environmental authorities such as WHO, WOAH, FAO, and UNEP, but One Health approaches have been more practiced by researchers than national or international authorities. To identify priorities for operationalizing One Health beyond research contexts, we conducted 41 semi-structured interviews with professionals across One Health sectors (public health, environment, agriculture, wildlife) and institutional contexts, who focus on national-scale and international applications. We identify important challenges, solutions, and priorities for delivering the One Health agenda through government action. Participants said One Health has made progress with motivating stakeholders to attempt One Health approaches, but achieving implementation needs more guidance (action plans for how to leverage or change current government infrastructure to accommodate cross-sector policy and strategic mission planning) and facilitation (behavioral change, dedicated personnel, new training model).
Emergence of polar skyrmions in 2D Janus CrInX3 (X=Se, Te) magnets
Authors: Wang Duo , Zhou Fengyi , Shaikh Monirul , Sun Weiwei , Chen Xin , Li Shu , Tong Henry , Sanyal Biplab
Published: March 2024

In the realm of multiferroicity in 2D magnets, whether magnetic and polar skyrmions can coexist within a single topological entity has emerged as an important question. Here, we study Janus 2D magnets CrInX3 (X=Se, Te) for a comprehensive investigation of magnetic ground state, magnetic excited state, and corresponding ferroelectric polarization by first-principles electronic structure calculations and Monte Carlo simulations. Specifically, we have thoroughly elucidated the exchange mechanisms, including both isotropic Heisenberg exchange and the antisymmetric Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction, and have fully exemplified the magnetic field dependence of the magnon spectrum. More importantly, our study reveals a previously unrecognized, remarkably large spin-spiral-induced ferroelectric polarization (up to 194.9 μC/m2) in both compounds. We propose an approach to identify polar skyrmions within magnetic skyrmions, based on the observed direct correlation between spin texture and polarization density. The elucidation of this correlation not only deepens our understanding of magnetic skyrmions but also paves the way for innovative research in the realm of multiferroic skyrmions.
Scattering Correction through Fourier-Domain Open-Channel Coupling in Two-Photon Microscopy
Authors: Xue Yi , Zepeda Daniel , Li Yucheng
Published: March 2024

Light penetration depth in biological tissue is limited by tissue scattering. Correcting scattering becomes particularly challenging in scenarios with limited photon availability and when access to the transmission side of the scattering tissue is not possible. Here, we introduce a new two-photon microscopy system with Fourier-domain open-channel coupling for scattering correction (2P-FOCUS). 2P-FOCUS corrects scattering by utilizing the nonlinearity of multiple-beam interference and two-photon excitation, eliminating the need for a guide star, iterative optimization, or measuring transmission or reflection matrices. We demonstrate that 2P-FOCUS significantly enhances two-photon fluorescence signals by several tens of folds when focusing through a bone sample, compared to cases without scattering correction at equivalent excitation power. 2P-FOCUS can also correct tissue scattering over large volumes through subregion correction. This is demonstrated by imaging neurons and cerebral blood vessels in a 230×230×500 μm3 volume in the mouse brain ex vivo. 2P-FOCUS could serve as a powerful tool for deep tissue imaging in bulky organisms or live animals.