bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advancing the multi-disciplinarity of parasitology within the British Society for Parasitology: studies of host–parasite evolution in an ever-changing world
Authors: Stothard J. R. , Littlewood D. T. J. , Gasser R. B. , Webster B. L.
Published: September 2018

The study of parasites typically crosses into other research disciplines and spans across diverse scales, from molecular- to populational-levels, notwithstanding promoting an understanding of parasites set within evolutionary time. Today, the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) help frame much of contemporary parasitological research, since parasites can be found in all ecosystems, blighting human, animal and plant health. In recognition of the multi-disciplinary nature of parasitological research, the 2017 Autumn Symposium of the British Society for Parasitology was held in London to provide a forum for novel exchange across medical, veterinary and wildlife fields of study. Whilst the meeting was devoted to the topic of parasitism, it sought to foster mutualism, the antithesis perhaps of parasitism, by forging new academic connections and social networks to exchange novel ideas. The meeting also celebrated the longstanding career of Professor David Rollinson, FLS in the award of the International Federation for Tropical Medicine Medal for his efforts spanning 40 years of parasitological research. Indeed, David has done so much to explore and promote the fascinating biology of parasitism, as exemplified by the 15 manuscripts contained within this Special Issue.
AT MASS WITH SIR JAMES: MACMILLAN'SSYMPHONY NO. 4AND LITURGICAL TIME
Authors: Ward Matthew
Published: September 2018

Sir James MacMillan'sSymphony No. 4is claimed by the composer as an abstract work, but a clear programme is discernible through the use of references to the Roman Catholic Mass. MacMillan uses Gregorian chant, quotations from Robert Carver'sMissa Dum sacrum mysterium(c. 1523) and his ownSt Luke Passion(2015) to create a liturgical form for the symphony. These allusions and their presentation in the symphony can be fruitfully understood in relation to Catholic theologies of time and the Eucharist. When allusions to sonata form are also taken into consideration, the result is a complex interaction between different experiences of time in the symphony's span.
Decontamination Double-Bill: #12 – fragmentation and distortion / #13 – Lecture about sad music and happy dance
Authors: Baldwin Michael
Published: September 2018

Over the last decade, Larry Goves, composer and lecturer of music at the Royal Northern College of Music (RNCM), has been steadily enriching the experimental music community in Manchester, UK. As an artistic director and curator, Goves regularly presents his and other's work through the ensemble The House of Bedlam, the annual New Music North West festival, and the Decontamination series. This review covers the twelfth and thirteenth instalments of the Decontamination series, presented as a double-bill at RNCM's Carol Nash Recital Room on 28 February 2018.
Identification and formation mechanism of the transient ion fragments produced in laser-induced dissociation of 1, 1-diamino-2, 2-dinitroethylene
Authors: Zhang Wei , Bao Lirong , Jiang Kexin , Shi Anran , Shen Ruiqi , Ye Yinghua
Published: September 2018

Detailed knowledge of dissociation behavior and dissociation products is necessary to understand the stability, sensitivity, and the reactive mechanism of explosives under laser initiation. A time-of-flight mass spectrometer was utilized to detect the transient products of 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) produced under 532 nm pulse laser ablation, the possible attribution of intermediate ion fragments were confirmed. The laser fluence threshold for detectable fragments is about 3.6 J/cm2. The peak intensities of main ions (CN, CNO/C2H4N, NO2, C2N2O, HCN, C2NH2, etc.) increase with the increasing of laser fluence, and reach the maximum at 11.5 J/cm2. Moreover, time-depend changes of ion intensity indicate that the type and degree of reactions are different in different periods. According to the molecular structure of FOX-7 and the intermediate ions, the laser-induced dissociation mechanisms were proposed to illustrate the cause of the fragments which might throw some light on the laser initiation of FOX-7.
Senior Centres in Canada and the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Kadowaki Laura , Mahmood Atiya
Published: September 2018

Les centres pour personnes âgées ont été identifiés comme des points focaux pour la prestation de services pour la population vieillissante, qui est en forte croissance au Canada et aux États-Unis. Malgré ce rôle important des centres pour personnes âgées, peu de recherches leur ont été consacrées. Cet examen de portée a ciblé les études empiriques en langue anglaise portant sur les centres pour personnes âgées qui ont été publiées dans des revues scientifiques depuis 2000. Un total de 58 études ont été repérées (n = 51 pour les études américaines, n = 7 pour les études canadiennes). La majorité de ces articles était centrée sur des thèmes liés à la participation d’individus dans les centres pour personnes âgées, et quelques études seulement traitaient du milieu associé aux centres pour personnes âgées. Ces résultats suggèrent que les recherches futures devraient cibler les avantages de la programmation des centres pour personnes âgées, avec une attention particulière sur les besoins des baby-boomers, sur les facteurs clés liés au financement, aux espaces et au personnel, ainsi que sur les caractéristiques et les rôles des centres pour personnes âgées dans le contexte canadien.
Long-term declines in waterbirds abundance at Lake Junín, Andean Peru
Authors: DINESEN LARS , CHAMORRO ALAN , FJELDSÅ JON , AUCCA CONSTANTINO
Published: September 2018

Lake Junín is famous for the abundance and diversity of breeding, staging and wintering waterbirds. The lake supports the entire world population of three species or subspecies: Junín GrebePodiceps taczanowskii,Junín RailLaterallus tuerosiand the endemic subspecies of the White-tufted GrebeRollandia rolland morrisoni. Surveys undertaken in the 1930s, 1960s, 1970s and 1980s confirmed the lake’s importance in the Andes, however there has been no recent assessment of its waterbird community. We undertook waterbird counts between 6 and 20 February 2014 from the lakeshore and by boat. Despite using differing survey methods, we nevertheless conclude that the relative abundance of waterbird species has changed dramatically compared to earlier counts. Most notably, the Junín Grebe has experienced a major decline since the 1930s when the species was considered extremely abundant and another native fish-eating species the White-tufted Grebe also appears to have declined. In contrast the Northern Silvery GrebePodiceps juninensis, classified as ‘Near Threatened’, has apparently become more abundant. Numbers of Puna TealSpatula punaand Common GallinuleGallinula galeataseem to have crashed, presumably reflecting the general loss of submerged vegetation. In spite of a major decline in waterbirds overall, the Junín area holds numbers of migratory shorebirds, perhaps as a consequence of local hunting restrictions and awareness campaigns. Lake Junín is a candidate for listing on the Montreux Record under the Ramsar Convention as a wetland showing serious change in ecological character. Management planning should proceed to balance conflicting interests at the lake. Actions to re-establish a clear water column by reducing eutrophication (from settlements in the catchment) as well as sedimentation and heavy metals (from upstream mining) will contribute to improving ecological functions and to secure waterbirds including the endemics.
Protection and Purity: Symbolic Functions of the Iron Age Saunas of the Iberian Northwest
Authors: Prociuk Nadya H.
Published: September 2018

Iron Age saunas, unique to the Castro Culture of northwestern Iberia, have puzzled archaeologists since the nineteenth century. Initially interpreted as kilns, crematoriums, or ovens, their function has since been established as bathing structures; however, the social significance of these saunas has yet to be firmly established. This study provides a new approach to understanding the ways in which Castro communities utilized specialized buildings to serve specific needs related to ritual cleansing and protection. Through an analysis of their placement, structure and decoration, I argue that these buildings functioned to purify and protect people of Castro communities from spiritual and physical danger. Members of Castro society inhabited a world buffeted by the shifting political and economic powers of the Iron Age. The bath structures under study, covered in apotropaic symbols, functioned in liminal spaces to cleanse and prepare Castro people for the dangers that awaited them beyond the walls of their communities and neutralized any potential spiritual contamination they may have acquired upon their return.
Dietary patterns associated with hypertension risk among adults in Thailand: 8-year findings from the Thai Cohort Study
Authors: Shi Zumin , Papier Keren , Yiengprugsawan Vasoontara , Kelly Matthew , Seubsman Sam-ang , Sleigh Adrian C
Published: September 2018

Objective

Dietary intake is a leading risk factor for hypertension. We aimed to assess longitudinal associations between overall dietary patterns and incident hypertension among adults in Thailand.

Design

Prospective large Thai Cohort Study (TCS) conducted nationwide from 2005 to 2013. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis based on usual intake of fourteen food groups. Multivariable logistic regression assessed associations between dietary patterns and hypertension prevalence and incidence.

Setting

Emerging hypertension and changing diets in Thailand.

Subjects

TCS participants who were normotensive at baseline in 2005.

Results

Among 36293 participants without hypertension at baseline, 1831 reported incident hypertension (5·1 % incidence) at follow-up. Two dietary patterns were identified: ‘Modern’ and ‘Prudent’. The Modern dietary pattern (high intakes of roasted/smoked foods, instant foods, canned foods, fermented fruits/vegetables, fermented foods, soft drinks, deep-fried foods) was associated with increased incident hypertension (comparing extreme quartiles, OR for incident hypertension=1·51; 95 % CI 1·31, 1·75 in 2013). The Prudent dietary pattern (high intakes of soyabean products, milk, fruits, vegetables) was not associated with incident hypertension in a fully adjusted model. The association between the Modern dietary pattern and hypertension was attenuated by BMI.

Conclusions

Modern dietary pattern was positively associated with hypertension among Thai adults. BMI had a great impact on the relationship between the Modern dietary pattern and incidence of hypertension. Reduction of Modern diets would be expected to prevent and control hypertension. Such a strategy would be worth testing.
Erreichbarkeit Jugendlicher für ein mobiltelefonbasiertes Programm zur Suchtprävention durch die Förderung von Lebenskompetenzen
Authors: Haug Severin , Paz Castro Raquel
Published: September 2018

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Vorstellen des Konzepts für ein mobiltelefonbasiertes Programm zur Förderung von Lebenskompetenzen bei Jugendlichen und Untersuchung individueller und klassenspezifischer Merkmale, welche die Teilnahmebereitschaft und den Abbruch der Programmteilnahme beeinflussen. Methodik: Datengrundlage für die Mehrebenenanalysen bildeten 2008 Lernende aus 127 Klassen an 18 Berufsfachschulen in der Schweiz, die zur Programmteilnahme eingeladen wurden und von denen 1616 (80.5 %) daran teilnahmen. Während der 6-monatigen Programmlaufzeit meldeten sich 93 Personen (5.8 %) ab. Ergebnisse: Auf Klassenebene sank die Teilnahmebereitschaft mit dem Anteil Tabakrauchender. Ein niedrigeres mittleres Lebensalter der Schüler einer Klasse war mit mehr Programmabbrüchen verbunden. Auf Individualebene waren ein weibliches Geschlecht und gelegentliches Rauschtrinken positiv, ein Migrationshintergrund und Tabakrauchen dagegen negativ mit der Teilnahmebereitschaft assoziiert. Tabakrauchende und Jugendliche mit seltener Internetnutzung über das Mobiltelefon brachen das Programm häufiger ab. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Relevanz des Programms insbesondere für männliche und für tabakrauchende Jugendliche sowie für Jugendliche mit Migrationshintergrund sollte betont werden. Interessante Programmelemente, die sich speziell an Jüngere, Tabakrauchende und Jugendliche mit seltener Internetnutzung über das Mobiltelefon richten, sollten implementiert werden.
Non-Fatal Intoxication with a High Dose of Citalopram in a Suicidal 14-Year-Old Girl
Authors: Weigl Johannes , Vloet Timo , Egberts Karin , Briegel Wolfgang , Kratz Julia , Romanos Marcel , Gerlach Manfred
Published: September 2018

Abstract. The use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like citalopram in the clinical treatment of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents has become increasingly common, although application is mostly off-label. The increasing number of prescriptions is not only due to their good efficacy, but also due to their good tolerability and the comparatively low risk in cases of intoxication. However, there is discussion about the cardiac safety of overdose ingestion of citalopram. Here, we report in detail on an adolescent with depressive symptoms who used 800 mg of citalopram in order to attempt suicide. In contrast to other case reports in adults, our patient showed only mild neurological symptoms and no cardiac toxicity or symptoms of a serotonin syndrome, despite a high citalopram blood concentration measured about two hours following ingestion of citalopram (633 ng/ml; therapeutic reference range for adults 50–110 ng/ml).
Influence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation on Global Coastal Flooding
Authors: Muis Sanne , Haigh Ivan D. , Guimarães Nobre Gabriela , Aerts Jeroen C. J. H. , Ward Philip J.
Published: September 2018

Anomalous atmosphere‐ocean conditions in the tropical Pacific associated with the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) drive interannual variations in mean and extreme sea levels. Climate change may lead to more frequent extreme ENSO events in the future. Therefore, it is important to enhance our understanding of ENSO's influence on coastal flood impacts. We assessed ENSO's influence on extreme sea levels using a global reanalysis of tides and storm surges. This allows for a full coverage of the global coastline from 1979 to 2014. A mean sea level component is added to account for steric effects. This results in a substantial improvement in the representation of the seasonal and interannual variability. Our results show significant correlations across the Pacific between ENSO and extreme sea levels (expressed as 95th annual percentiles), which is consistent with previous studies based on tide gauge observations. Average anomalies in the annual percentiles over El Niño years compared to neutral years show similar patterns. When examining total sea levels, results are largely statistically insignificant. This is because in many regions large tidal variability dominates over the other components. Combining sea levels with an inundation and impact model shows that ENSO has a significant but small effect on the number of people potentially exposed to flooding at the globally aggregated scale. Our results demonstrate that a model‐based approach allows for an assessment of the influence of ENSO on coastal flood impacts and could be used to assess impacts of future changes in ENSO.
Storm Time Total Electron Content Modeling Over African Low‐Latitude and Midlatitude Regions
Authors: Uwamahoro Jean Claude , Habarulema John Bosco , Okouma Patrice Martin
Published: September 2018

This paper presents storm time total electron content (TEC) modeling results based on artificial neural networks, for both low‐latitude and midlatitude African regions. The developed storm time TEC models were based on Global Positioning System (GPS) observations from GPS receiver stations selected in low latitude, Northern and Southern hemisphere midlatitude regions of the African sector. GPS data selection was based on a storm criterion of
−50 nT and storm data sets used to develop the models were within the periods 2001–2015, 2000–2015, and 1998–2015, for African low latitude, Northern and Southern Hemisphere midlatitude regions, respectively. For the first time in storm time TEC modeling, the meridional wind velocity was introduced as an additional input to the well‐known TEC modeling inputs (diurnal variation, seasonal variation, solar activity, and geomagnetic activity representations) to take into account the effect of neutral winds in moving ionization within the ionosphere along the magnetic field lines. Results showed that the use of meridional wind as an additional input leads to overall percentage improvements of about 5%, 10%, and 5% for the low‐latitude, Northern and Southern Hemisphere midlatitude regions, respectively. High‐latitude storm‐induced winds and the interhemispheric blows of the meridional winds from summer to winter hemisphere may be associated with these improvements.
The Effects of Uncertainty in Initial CME Input Parameters on Deflection, Rotation, Bz, and Arrival Time Predictions
Authors: Kay C. , Gopalswamy N.
Published: September 2018

Understanding the effects of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) requires knowing if and when they will impact and their properties upon impact. Of particular importance is the strength of a CME's southward magnetic field component (Bz). Kay et al. (2013, https://doi:10.1088/0004-637X/775/1/5, 2015, https://doi:10.1088/948 0004-637X/805/2/168) have shown that the simplified analytic model Forecasting a CME's Altered Trajectory (ForeCAT) can reproduce the deflection and rotation of CMEs. Kay, Gopalswamy, Reinard, and Opher (2017, https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/835/2/117) introduced ForeCAT In situ Data Observer, which uses ForeCAT results to simulate magnetic field profiles. ForeCAT In situ Data Observer reproduces the in situ observations on roughly hourly time scales, suggesting that these models could be extremely useful for predictions of Bz. However, as with all models, both models are sensitive to their input parameters, which may not be precisely known for predictions. We explore this sensitivity using ensembles having small changes in the initial latitude, longitude, and orientation of the erupting CME. We explore the effects of different background magnetic field models and find that the changes in deflection and rotation resulting from the uncertainty in the initial parameters tend to exceed the changes from different magnetic backgrounds. The range in the in situ profiles tends to scale with the range in the deflection and rotation. We also consider a simple arrival time model using ForeCAT results and find an average absolute error of only 3 hr. We show that an uncertainty in the CME position of 8.1° ± 6.9° leads to variations of 6 hr in the arrival time. This measure depends strongly on the location of impact within the CME with the arrival time changing less for impacts near the nose.
Enhanced Escape of Spacecraft Photoelectrons Caused by Langmuir and Upper Hybrid Waves
Authors: Graham D. B. , Vaivads A. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Eriksson A. I. , André M. , Malaspina D. M. , Lindqvist P.‐A. , Gershman D. J. , Plaschke F.
Published: September 2018

The spacecraft potential is often used to infer rapid changes in the thermal plasma density. The variations in spacecraft potential associated with large‐amplitude Langmuir and upper hybrid waves are investigated with the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission. When large‐amplitude Langmuir and upper hybrid waves are observed, the spacecraft potential increases. The changes in spacecraft potential are shown to be due to enhanced photoelectron escape from the spacecraft when the wave electric fields reach large amplitude. The fluctuations in spacecraft potential follow the envelope function of the Langmuir and upper hybrid waves. Comparison with the high‐resolution electron moments shows that the changes in spacecraft potential associated with the waves are not due to density perturbations. Indeed, using the spacecraft potential as a density probe leads to unphysically large density fluctuations. In addition, the changes in spacecraft potential are shown to increase as density decreases: larger spacecraft potential changes are observed in the magnetosphere, than in the magnetosheath and solar wind. These results show that external electric fields can lead to unphysical results when the spacecraft potential is used as a density probe. The results suggest that fluctuations in the spacecraft potential alone cannot be used to determine whether nonlinear processes associated with Langmuir and upper hybrid waves, such as the ponderomotive force and three‐wave decay, are occurring.
Fumarate hydratase loss promotes mitotic entry in the presence of DNA damage after ionising radiation
Authors: Johnson Timothy I. , Costa Ana S. H. , Ferguson Ashley N. , Frezza Christian
Published: September 2018

An altered response to DNA damage is commonly associated with genomic instability, a hallmark of cancer. Fumarate hydratase (FH) was recently characterised as a DNA repair factor required in non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) through the local production of fumarate. Inactivating germline mutations in FH cause hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC), a cancer syndrome characterised by accumulation of fumarate. Recent data indicate that, in FH-deficient cells, fumarate suppresses homologous recombination DNA repair upon DNA double-strand breaks, compromising genome integrity. Here, we show that FH loss confers resistance to DNA damage caused by ionising radiation (IR), and promotes early mitotic entry after IR in a fumarate-specific manner, even in the presence of unrepaired damage, by suppressing checkpoint maintenance. We also showed that higher levels of DNA damage foci are detectable in untreated FH-deficient cells. Overall, these data indicate that FH loss and fumarate accumulation lead to a weakened G2 checkpoint that predisposes to endogenous DNA damage and confers resistance to IR.
Differentiation therapy and the mechanisms that terminate cancer cell proliferation without harming normal cells
Authors: Enane Francis O. , Saunthararajah Yogen , Korc Murray
Published: September 2018

Chemotherapeutic drugs have a common intent to activate apoptosis in tumor cells. However, master regulators of apoptosis (e.g., p53, p16/CDKN2A) are frequently genetically inactivated in cancers, resulting in multidrug resistance. An alternative, p53-independent method for terminating malignant proliferation is to engage terminal-differentiation. Normally, the exponential proliferation of lineage-committed progenitors, coordinated by the master transcription factor (TF) MYC, is self-limited by forward-differentiation to terminal lineage-fates. In cancers, however, this exponential proliferation is disengaged from terminal-differentiation. The mechanisms underlying this decoupling are mostly unknown. We performed a systematic review of published literature (January 2007–June 2018) to identify gene pathways linked to differentiation-failure in three treatment-recalcitrant cancers: hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), ovarian cancer (OVC), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We analyzed key gene alterations in various apoptosis, proliferation and differentiation pathways to determine whether it is possible to predict treatment outcomes and suggest novel therapies. Poorly differentiated tumors were linked to poorer survival across histologies. Our analyses suggested loss-of-function events to master TF drivers of lineage-fates and their cofactors as being linked to differentiation-failure: genomic data in TCGA and ICGC databases demonstrated frequent haploinsufficiency of lineage master TFs (e.g., GATA4/6) in poorly differentiated tumors; the coactivators that these TFs use to activate genes (e.g. ARID1A, PBRM1) were also frequently inactivated by genetic mutation and/or deletion. By contrast, corepressor components (e.g., DNMT1, EED, UHRF1, and BAZ1A/B), that oppose coactivators to repress or turn off genes, were frequently amplified instead, and the level of amplification was highest in poorly differentiated lesions. This selection by neoplastic evolution towards unbalanced activity of transcriptional corepressors suggests these enzymes as candidate targets for inhibition aiming to re-engage forward-differentiation. This notion is supported by both pre-clinical and clinical trial literature.
Neuronal heterogeneity and stereotyped connectivity in the auditory afferent system
Authors: Petitpré Charles , Wu Haohao , Sharma Anil , Tokarska Anna , Fontanet Paula , Wang Yiqiao , Helmbacher Françoise , Yackle Kevin , Silberberg Gilad , Hadjab Saida , Lallemend François
Published: September 2018

Spiral ganglion (SG) neurons of the cochlea convey all auditory inputs to the brain, yet the cellular and molecular complexity necessary to decode the various acoustic features in the SG has remained unresolved. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identify four types of SG neurons, including three novel subclasses of type I neurons and the type II neurons, and provide a comprehensive genetic framework that define their potential synaptic communication patterns. The connectivity patterns of the three subclasses of type I neurons with inner hair cells and their electrophysiological profiles suggest that they represent the intensity-coding properties of auditory afferents. Moreover, neuron type specification is already established at birth, indicating a neuronal diversification process independent of neuronal activity. Thus, this work provides a transcriptional catalog of neuron types in the cochlea, which serves as a valuable resource for dissecting cell-type-specific functions of dedicated afferents in auditory perception and in hearing disorders.
Author Correction: Yolk sac macrophage progenitors traffic to the embryo during defined stages of development
Authors: Stremmel C. , Schuchert R. , Wagner F. , Thaler R. , Weinberger T. , Pick R. , Mass E. , Ishikawa-Ankerhold H. C. , Margraf A. , Hutter S. , Vagnozzi R. , Klapproth S. , Frampton J. , Yona S. , Scheiermann C. , Molkentin J. D. , Jeschke U. , Moser M. , Sperandio M. , Massberg S. , Geissmann F. , Schulz C.
Published: September 2018

This article contains errors in Figs. 5 and 6, for which we apologize. In Fig. 5f, the image ‘E12.5 tail’ was inadvertently replaced with a duplicate of the image ‘E12.5 trunk’ from the same panel. In Figure 6d, the image ‘E9.5/OH-TAM E8.5, embryo’ was inadvertently replaced with a duplicate of the image ‘E10.5/ OH-TAM E8.5, embryo’ from Fig. 6b. The corrected versions of these figures appear in the Author Correction associated with this Article.
Author Correction: Optical Manipulation of nanoparticles by simultaneous electric and magnetic field enhancement within diabolo nanoantenna
Authors: Hameed Nyha , Nouho Ali Ali , Baida Fadi I.
Published: September 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals a causal role of the human precuneus in spatial updating
Authors: Müller Notger G. , Riemer Martin , Brandt Lisa , Wolbers Thomas
Published: September 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Singlet oxygen imaging using fluorescent probe Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green in photosynthetic organisms
Authors: Prasad Ankush , Sedlářová Michaela , Pospíšil Pavel
Published: September 2018

Formation of singlet oxygen (1O2) was reported to accompany light stress in plants, contributing to cell signaling or oxidative damage. So far, Singlet Oxygen Sensor Green (SOSG) has been the only commercialized fluorescent probe for 1O2 imaging though it suffers from several limitations (unequal penetration and photosensitization) that need to be carefully considered to avoid misinterpretation of the analysed data. Herein, we present results of a comprehensive study focused on the appropriateness of SOSG for 1O2 imaging in three model photosynthetic organisms, unicellular cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Penetration of SOSG differs in both unicellular organisms; while it is rather convenient for Chlamydomonas it is restricted by the presence of mucoid sheath of Synechocystis, which penetrability might be improved by mild heating. In Arabidopsis, SOSG penetration is limited due to tissue complexity which can be increased by pressure infiltration using a shut syringe. Photosensitization of SOSG and SOSG endoperoxide formed by its interaction with 1O2 might be prevented by illumination of samples by a red light. When measured under controlled conditions given above, SOSG might serve as specific probe for detection of intracellular 1O2 formation in photosynthetic organisms.
Systems pharmacology-based exploration reveals mechanisms of anti-steatotic effects of Jiang Zhi Granule on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zheng Yiyuan , Wang Miao , Zheng Peiyong , Tang Xudong , Ji Guang
Published: September 2018

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is in parallel with the obesity epidemic, accounts for a large amount of all chronic liver disease. Jiang Zhi Granule (JZG), a clinically used herbal formula, is developed in accordance with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pathogenesis for treating patients with NAFLD. In previous studies, the anti-steatotic effects of JZG against NAFLD have been demonstrated, and in this study, a systems pharmacology approach was used to explore the pharmacological mechanisms of JZG by predicting the active compounds within the herbal formula and their corresponding therapeutic targets. Its therapeutic efficacy was confirmed in the beginning of this study, and JZG was shown to significantly improve hepatic dysfunction and lipid droplet accumulation in PA-treated hepatocytes. Systems pharmacology was then performed to identify the active compounds in as well as to predict the therapeutic targets of this Chinese herbal prescription. Enrichment analyses indicated that the mechanisms of the anti-steatotic effects of JZG against NAFLD might be associated with lipid droplet degradation via autophagy, and a series of in vitro and in vivo validation experiments was subsequently performed to confirm that JZG could activate autophagy though the mTOR signalling to improve NAFLD.
Comparison of frequency and strain-rate domain mechanical characterization
Authors: Bartolini Luca , Iannuzzi Davide , Mattei Giorgio
Published: September 2018

Indentation is becoming increasingly popular to test soft tissues and (bio)materials. Each material exhibits an unknown intrinsic “mechanical behaviour”. However, limited consensus on its “mechanical properties” (i.e. quantitative descriptors of mechanical behaviour) is generally present in the literature due to a number of factors, which include sample preparation, testing method and analysis model chosen. Viscoelastic characterisation – critical in applications subjected to dynamic loading conditions – can be performed in either the time- or frequency-domain. It is thus important to selectively investigate whether the testing domain affects the mechanical results or not. We recently presented an optomechanical indentation tool which enables both strain-rate (nano-$$\dot{\varepsilon }M$$

ε
̇

M
) and frequency domain (DMA) measurements while keeping the sample under the same physical conditions and eliminating any other variability factor. In this study, a poly(dimethylsiloxane) sample was characterised with our system. The DMA data were inverted to the time-domain through integral transformations and then directly related to nano-$$\dot{\varepsilon }M$$

ε
̇

M
strain-rate dependent results, showing that, even though the data do not perfectly overlap, there is an excellent correlation between them. This approach indicates that one can convert an oscillatory measurement into a strain-rate one and still capture the trend of the “mechanical behaviour” of the sample investigated.
Implantable Photothermal Agents based on Gold Nanorods-Encapsulated Microcube
Authors: Moon Hyun June , Ku Minhee , Lee Hyunjee , Yoon Nara , Yang Jaemoon , Bong Ki Wan
Published: September 2018

Gold nanorods (GNRs) are of great interest in cancer therapy given their ability to ablate tumor cells using deep tissue-penetrating near-infrared light. GNRs coated with tumor-specific moieties have the potential to target tumor tissue to minimize damage to normal tissue. However, perfect targeting is difficult to achieve given that nanoparticles could be broadly dispersed inside the body. Moreover, interaction between targeting groups and biological molecules could lower targeting abilities, resulting in off-target accumulation which might produce nanotoxicity. Here we introduce GNR-encapsulated microcubes (GNR@MCs) that can be utilized as implantable photothermal agents. GNR@MCs are created by encapsulating GNRs in polymeric networks via stop flow lithography (SFL), a one-phase synthesis technique which allows for creation of surfactant-free, uniform particles, and injection of GNR@MCs into the body after a simple rinse step. GNRs are highly packed and firmly encapsulated inside MCs, and entrapped GNRs exhibit optical properties comparable to that of unbound GNRs and photothermal efficiency (58%) in line with that of nano-sized agents (51–95%). Photothermal ablation in murine models is achieved using GNR@MCs stably implanted into the tumor tissue, which suggests that GNR@MCs can be a safe and effective platform for cancer therapy.
In vitro studies on space-conforming self-assembling silk hydrogels as a mesenchymal stem cell-support matrix suitable for minimally invasive brain application
Authors: Osama I. , Gorenkova N. , McKittrick C. M. , Wongpinyochit T. , Goudie A. , Seib F. P. , Carswell H. V. O.
Published: September 2018

Advanced cell therapies require robust delivery materials and silk is a promising contender with a long clinical track record. Our aim was to optimise self-assembling silk hydrogels as a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-support matrix that would allow future minimally invasive brain application. We used sonication energy to programme the transition of silk (1–5% w/v) secondary structure from a random coil to a stable β-sheet configuration. This allowed fine tuning of self-assembling silk hydrogels to achieve space conformity in the absence of any silk hydrogel swelling and to support uniform cell distribution as well as cell viability. Embedded cells underwent significant proliferation over 14 days in vitro, with the best proliferation achieved with 2% w/v hydrogels. Embedded MSCs showed significantly better viability in vitro after injection through a 30G needle when the gels were in the pre-gelled versus post-gelled state. Silk hydrogels (4% w/v) with physical characteristics matching brain tissue were visualised in preliminary in vivo experiments to exhibit good space conformity in an ischemic cavity (intraluminal thread middle cerebral artery occlusion model) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 3). This study informs on optimal MSC-hydrogel matrix conditions for minimally invasive application as a platform for future experiments targeting brain repair.
Objective Evaluation of Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Segmentation using a Data Management and Processing Infrastructure
Authors: Commowick Olivier , Istace Audrey , Kain Michaël , Laurent Baptiste , Leray Florent , Simon Mathieu , Pop Sorina Camarasu , Girard Pascal , Améli Roxana , Ferré Jean-Christophe , Kerbrat Anne , Tourdias Thomas , Cervenansky Frédéric , Glatard Tristan , Beaumont Jérémy , Doyle Senan , Forbes Florence , Knight Jesse , Khademi April , Mahbod Amirreza , Wang Chunliang , McKinley Richard , Wagner Franca , Muschelli John , Sweeney Elizabeth , Roura Eloy , Lladó Xavier , Santos Michel M. , Santos Wellington P. , Silva-Filho Abel G. , Tomas-Fernandez Xavier , Urien Hélène , Bloch Isabelle , Valverde Sergi , Cabezas Mariano , Vera-Olmos Francisco Javier , Malpica Norberto , Guttmann Charles , Vukusic Sandra , Edan Gilles , Dojat Michel , Styner Martin , Warfield Simon K. , Cotton François , Barillot Christian
Published: September 2018

We present a study of multiple sclerosis segmentation algorithms conducted at the international MICCAI 2016 challenge. This challenge was operated using a new open-science computing infrastructure. This allowed for the automatic and independent evaluation of a large range of algorithms in a fair and completely automatic manner. This computing infrastructure was used to evaluate thirteen methods of MS lesions segmentation, exploring a broad range of state-of-theart algorithms, against a high-quality database of 53 MS cases coming from four centers following a common definition of the acquisition protocol. Each case was annotated manually by an unprecedented number of seven different experts. Results of the challenge highlighted that automatic algorithms, including the recent machine learning methods (random forests, deep learning, …), are still trailing human expertise on both detection and delineation criteria. In addition, we demonstrate that computing a statistically robust consensus of the algorithms performs closer to human expertise on one score (segmentation) although still trailing on detection scores.
Surface Proximity Effect, Imprint Memory of Ferroelectric Twins, and Tweed in the Paraelectric Phase of BaTiO3
Authors: Mathieu C. , Lubin C. , Le Doueff G. , Cattelan M. , Gemeiner P. , Dkhil B. , Salje E. K. H. , Barrett N.
Published: September 2018

We have used energy-filtered photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) at the photoemission threshold to carry out a microscopic scale characterization of the surface charge and domain structure of the (001) surface in BaTiO3. Signatures of ferroelectric and ferroelastic domains, and tweed, dominate the surface structure of BaTiO3at room temperature. The surface ferroic signatures are maintained on heating to temperature (~550 K), well above the transition temperature (393 K). This surface proximity effect provides the mechanism for memory of the bulk ferroelectric domain arrangement up to 150 K above TCand thus can be considered as a robust fingerprint of the ferroelectric state near the surface. Self-reversal of polarization is observed for the tweed below TCand for the surface domains above TC. Annealing at higher temperature triggers the dynamic tweed which in turn allows a full reorganization of the ferroic domain configuration.
Structural insights into antigen recognition of an anti-β-(1,6)-β-(1,3)-D-glucan antibody
Authors: Sung Kwang Hoon , Josewski Jörn , Dübel Stefan , Blankenfeldt Wulf , Rau Udo
Published: September 2018

Schizophyllan (SCH) is a high molecular weight homopolysaccharide composed of a β-(1,3)-D-glucan main chain with branching β-(1,6)-bound D-glucose residues. It forms triple helices that are highly stable towards heat and extreme pH, which provides SCH with interesting properties for industrial and medical applications. The recombinant anti-SCH antibody JoJ48C11 recognizes SCH and related β-(1,6)-branched β-(1,3)-D-glucans, but details governing its specificity are not known. Here, we fill this gap by determining crystal structures of the antigen binding fragment (Fab) of JoJ48C11 in the apo form and in complex with the unbranched β-(1,3)-D-glucose hexamer laminarihexaose 3.0 and 2.4 Å resolution, respectively. Together with docking studies, this allowed construction of a JoJ48C11/triple-helical SCH complex, leading to the identification of eight amino acid residues of JoJ48C11 (Tyr27H, His35H, Trp47H, Trp100H, Asp105H; Asp49L, Lys52L, Trp90L) that contribute to the recognition of glucose units from all three chains of the SCH triple helix. The importance of these amino acids was confirmed by mutagenesis and ELISA-based analysis. Our work provides an explanation for the specific recognition of triple-helical β-(1,6)-branched β-(1,3)-D-glucans by JoJ48C11 and provides another structure example for anti-carbohydrate antibodies.
Author Correction: Genetic markers for urine haptoglobin is associated with decline in renal function in type 2 diabetes in East Asians
Authors: Gurung Resham Lal , Dorajoo Rajkumar , Liu Sylvia , M Yiamunaa , Liu Jian-Jun , Wang Ling , Guo Lin , Yu Xueqing , Liu Jian-Jun , Lim Su Chi
Published: September 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
“Green” Aqueous Synthesis and Advanced Spectral Characterization of Size-Selected Cu2ZnSnS4 Nanocrystal Inks
Authors: Stroyuk Oleksandr , Raevskaya Alexandra , Selyshchev Oleksandr , Dzhagan Volodymyr , Gaponik Nikolai , Zahn Dietrich R. T. , Eychmüller Alexander
Published: September 2018

Structure, composition, and optical properties of colloidal mercaptoacetate-stabilized Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystal inks produced by a “green” method directly in aqueous solutions were characterized. A size-selective precipitation procedure using 2-propanol as a non-solvent allows separating a series of fractions of CZTS nanocrystals with an average size (bandgap) varying from 3 nm (1.72 eV) to 2 nm (2.04 eV). The size-selected CZTS nanocrystals revealed also phonon confinement, with the main phonon mode frequency varying by about 4 cm−1 between 2 nm and 3 nm NCs.
Differential HDAC1/2 network analysis reveals a role for prefoldin/CCT in HDAC1/2 complex assembly
Authors: Banks Charles A. S. , Miah Sayem , Adams Mark K. , Eubanks Cassandra G. , Thornton Janet L. , Florens Laurence , Washburn Michael P.
Published: September 2018

HDAC1 and HDAC2 are components of several corepressor complexes (NuRD, Sin3, CoREST and MiDAC) that regulate transcription by deacetylating histones resulting in a more compact chromatin environment. This limits access of transcriptional machinery to genes and silences transcription. While using an AP-MS approach to map HDAC1/2 protein interaction networks, we noticed that N-terminally tagged versions of HDAC1 and HDAC2 did not assemble into HDAC corepressor complexes as expected, but instead appeared to be stalled with components of the prefoldin-CCT chaperonin pathway. These N-terminally tagged HDACs were also catalytically inactive. In contrast to the N-terminally tagged HDACs, C-terminally tagged HDAC1 and HDAC2 captured complete histone deacetylase complexes and the purified proteins had deacetylation activity that could be inhibited by SAHA (Vorinostat), a Class I/II HDAC inhibitor. This tag-mediated reprogramming of the HDAC1/2 protein interaction network suggests a mechanism whereby HDAC1 is first loaded into the CCT complex by prefoldin to complete folding, and then assembled into active, functional HDAC complexes. Imaging revealed that the prefoldin subunit VBP1 colocalises with nuclear HDAC1, suggesting that delivery of HDAC1 to the CCT complex happens in the nucleus.
Mindful breath awareness meditation facilitates efficiency gains in brain networks: A steady-state visually evoked potentials study
Authors: Schöne Benjamin , Gruber Thomas , Graetz Sebastian , Bernhof Martin , Malinowski Peter
Published: September 2018

The beneficial effects of mindfulness-based therapeutic interventions have stimulated a rapidly growing body of scientific research into underlying psychological processes. Resulting evidence indicates that engaging with mindfulness meditation is associated with increased performance on a range of cognitive tasks. However, the mechanisms promoting these improvements require further investigation. We studied changes in behavioural performance of 34 participants during a multiple object tracking (MOT) task that taps core cognitive processes, namely sustained selective visual attention and spatial working memory. Concurrently, we recorded the steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP), an EEG signal elicited by the continuously flickering moving objects, and indicator of attentional engagement. Participants were tested before and after practicing eight weeks of mindful breath awareness meditation or progressive muscle relaxation as active control condition. The meditation group improved their MOT-performance and exhibited a reduction of SSVEP amplitudes, whereas no such changes were observed in the relaxation group. Neither group changed in self-reported positive affect and mindfulness, while a marginal increase in negative affect was observed in the mindfulness group. This novel way of combining MOT and SSVEP provides the important insight that mindful breath awareness meditation may lead to refinements of attention networks, enabling more efficient use of attentional resources.
Monolayer-graphene-based broadband and wide-angle perfect absorption structures in the near infrared
Authors: Fan Yansong , Guo Chucai , Zhu Zhihong , Xu Wei , Wu Fan , Yuan Xiaodong , Qin Shiqiao
Published: September 2018

Broadband optical absorption structures in the near infrared by coupling monolayer-graphene with periodical metal structures are proposed and demonstrated numerically. Optical absorption of graphene with over-50%-absorption bandwidth up to hundreds of nanometer caused by magnetic dipole resonances and magnetic coupling effect are investigated in detail, and the demonstrated bandwidths are one order higher than those caused by dielectric guiding mode resonances. In addition, the influences of geometrical parameters of structures are fully analyzed and these demonstrated structures show angular-insensitive absorption for oblique incidence in a large angular range. The demonstrated absorption structures in this work provide new design ideas in the realization of advanced graphene-based optoelectronic devices.
Origin of relationship between ferromagnetic response and damage in stretched systems
Authors: Merabtine S. , Zighem F. , Garcia-Sanchez A. , Gunasekaran V. , Belmeguenai M. , Zhou X. , Lupo P. , Adeyeye A. O. , Faurie D.
Published: September 2018

This article presents a study whose purpose is to elucidate the damage effects in thin films on their magnetic response. Co40Fe40B20 and Ni80Fe20 films of different nanometric thicknesses were stretched by more than 10% and in situ probed by atomic force microscopy measurements to determine their irreversible mechanical behavior (multi-cracking, buckling). Once these phenomena have been well identified, magnetic behavior of these stretched systems has been studied by ferromagnetic resonance to measure resulting magnetic anisotropy and damping evolutions. All of these experimental studies show that the magnetic properties are mainly affected by the stresses generated during the damage but not by the local discontinuities induced by the numerous cracks and buckles. This is in particular confirmed by the almost zero sensitivity to the damage of the magnetic properties of Ni80Fe20 alloy which is known for its vanishing magnetostriction.
An effective analytical system based on an ultraviolet atomizer for trace cadmium determination using atomic fluorescence spectrometry
Authors: Yuan Xin , Yang Li , Liu Siyan , Yang Haiyan , Tang Yuyi , Huang Ke , Zhang Mei
Published: September 2018

A novel ultraviolet (UV) atomization atomic fluorescence spectrometry (UV-AFS) system was developed for the quantitative analysis of trace cadmium ions (Cd) without preconcentration.
Phenoxide chelated Ir(iii) N-heterocyclic carbene complexes: synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of their in vitro anticancer activity
Authors: Zhang Yujiao , Zhang Shumiao , Tian Zhenzhen , Li Juanjuan , Xu Zhishan , Li Shanshan , Liu Zhe
Published: September 2018

This work demonstrated that the twelve novel half-sandwich IrIII–NHC complexes [(η5-Cpx)Ir(C^O)Cl] were synthesized and explored the mechanism of anticancer action.
Transition metal (Fe, Co, Ni) fluoride-based materials for electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Zhang Nannan , Xiao Xiao , Pang Huan
Published: September 2018

The improvement of advanced battery performance has always been a key issue in energy research.