bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROYECCIÓN DE LA TASA DE CAMBIO DE COLOMBIA BAJO CONDICIONES DE PPA: EVIDENCIA EMPÍRICA USANDO VAR
Authors: Fayad Hernández Catherine , Fortich Mesa Roberto carlos , Vélez Pareja Ignacio
Published: August 2013

This document examines exchange rate forecasts during the 1995-2005 period, using a Purchasing Power of Parity Exchange Rate Model (PPPER). Our first finding is that the computed forecasts seem to validate the use of this model under certain conditions given that it performs well in predicting the behavior of the nominal exchange rate. Our second finding included a comparative analysis of out-of-sample forecasts (saving historical data) between the PPP-based forecast models and the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model. The VAR has a better forecasting performance based on the RMSE, MAE, and U-Theil indicators. MAPE results measured on the first and second month-ahead forecasts indicate that the VAR model performs more poorly than the PPP-based models.
E-STAKEHOLDERS: UNA APLICACIÓN DE LA TEORÍA DE LOS STAKEHOLDER A LOS NEGOCIOS ELECTRÓNICOS
Authors: González Campo Carlos Hernán
Published: August 2013

In e-business mass customization is the main strategy used by virtual organizations in the relationship with their stakeholders to transform their identification, recognition and management in a way that greatly differs from that of traditional organizations. This article provides a reflection and presents the results of a descriptive research project, theoretically developing the concept of e-stakeholders as a contribution to the evolution of stakeholder theory proposed by Mitchell, Agle and Wood (1997). This theoretical contribution of the concept of e-stakeholders can be used for studying the functioning of virtual organizations in future empirical research.
DIFERENCIAS ENTRE LA RELACIÓN DE LA INTEGRIDAD Y LOS ESTILOS DE LIDERAZGO DE ACUERDO AL MODELO DE BERNARD BASS (Artículo publicado en inglés)
Authors: Arredondo Trapero Florina Guadalupe , Maldonado de Lozada Verónica
Published: August 2013

This article aims to prove empirically that there are significant differences in the correlation that shows no leadership, transactional leadership and transformational leadership (MLQ) with the perceived lack of integrity of the leader (PLIS). It also sought to test whether there was an increased intensity of the relationships between each of the variables of leadership with integrity (T-test). The results show that both transformational leadership and transactional relationship are directly related to integrity. Also based on the empirical results of this investigation is concluded that the relationship of transformational leadership with integrity is stronger than the relationship of leadership with transactional integrity. And that transactional leadership is in turn associated with more integrity that no lead.
EL ÉXITO DE LAS PYMES EN COLOMBIA: UN ESTUDIO DE CASOS EN EL SECTOR SALUD
Authors: Franco Angel Mónica , Urbano Pulido David
Published: August 2013

The primary objective of this study is to identify and analyze the determining success factors of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Colombia in terms of both internal and external factors employing the theories of resources and capabilities and institutional economics as the theoretical reference framework.  An qualitative study was conducted for an in-depth analysis of four different Colombian companies. The most relevant findings of this study reveal that the success determining factors of these SMEs are: the entrepreneur's knowledge and experience, the company's prestige and reputation, the supporting measures and specialization of the industry, and the influence of the communities in which their business is conducted.
LA CONSULTORÍA DE GESTIÓN HUMANA EN EMPRESAS MEDIANAS
Authors: López Zapata Esteban , Sepúlveda Rivillas Claudia Inés , Arenas Cardona Henry Antonio
Published: August 2013

The article is the result of a research study aimed at describing the marketplace for human resources consulting for medium-sized companies in Medellin. It identifies the concept and the characteristics of management consulting, and discusses its relevance to all human resources processes. A sample of 57 medium-sized companies and 19 consulting companies was selected for analyzing the behavior of supply and demand in the local market. This article also identifies the attributes of companies that demand these services and their human resources departments, the composition of consulting companies, current and future consulting needs and offers, the purchasing process, and the most frequent difficulties faced by consulting projects.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. EL CASO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN DE TIEMPO EN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE LA UNIVERSIDAD ICESI: UNA GUÍA A TRAVÉS DE UNA INVESTIGACIÓN CUALITATIVA
Authors: Arboleda Arango Ana María , Enríquez Rodríguez Diego Gabriel , González Delgado Alexandra
Published: August 2013

Based on time management issues, this case illustrates the structure of qualitative research. The introduction provides an example of a time management conflict and then the brief describes the institutional concerns with an understanding of this issue and offering students a relevant workshop on this subject. Next, the methodological proposal suggests a qualitative exploration and includes tools for its implementation (i.e. filter/screening, guide, consent form, and debrief). The review of this case ends with scenes gathered from a focus group for explaining the projective techniques used and for commenting on the use of active listening skills. Finally, a set of guidelines are provided for the analysis of qualitative information.
TASAS POR UTILIZACIÓN DE AGUA: ¿INSTRUMENTO DE ASIGNACIÓN EFICIENTE DEL AGUA O MECANISMO DE FINANCIACIÓN DE LA GESTIÓN AMBIENTAL?
Authors: Méndez Sayago Jhon Alexander , Méndez Sayago Johanna Mildred
Published: August 2013

This article establishes the conditions for the distribution of a water flow among different users using the concept of aggregate economic efficiency. The complexity involved in the assessment of non-consumptive water uses was found to limit the problem of allocation to the implementation of a second-best solution. We conclude that the charging a rate based on an annual water scarcity index that results from a monthly average is an implementation error of environmental authorities which is detrimental to the preservation of the ecological water flow, and could also affect users downstream. Finally, it proposes a method for estimating the fee rate.
INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA DIRECTA Y CONSTRUCCIÓN DE FERROCARRILES EN COLOMBIA: EL CASO DEL FERROCARRIL DE PANAMÁ (1849-1869)
Authors: Correa Restrepo Juan Santiago
Published: August 2013

The mid nineteenth century experienced one of the most successful foreign investment processes in Latin America and particularly in Colombia with the construction and operation of the Panama Railroad Company. This railway was designed and operated as a route that bridged the Atlantic and the Pacific. It was one of the most profitable companies at the time and clearly reflected the economic and political interests of the United States.  The company became one of the most prominent transport monopolies in its day and was one of the most valuable fiscal assets for the Colombian government.
EMPRESARIALIDAD Y EMPRESA: UNA APROXIMACIÓN DESDE LA ESCUELA AUSTRIACA
Authors: Perdomo Charry Geovanny
Published: August 2013

This article provides a theoretical review of the categories Entrepreneurship and Company following the approach of the Austrian School, which has a major influence on management studies in our current capitalist society. It provides a description of entrepreneurship, businessman, entrepreneur, and company aiming at making a case for possible research studies in administration that provide a theoretical foundation for creating new companies and strengthening businesses worldwide. It also emphasizes the economic theory of companies presented by Cantillon and continued by Menger, Schumpeter, Hayek, Mises, and Kirzner. These two last authors have made a transition from the economic notion of businessman towards organizational economy with a holistic vision, incorporating social and psychological elements in its development.
LA RAZÓN FELICIDAD/CONSUMO: UN ENFOQUE ALTERNATIVO EN LA BÚSQUEDA DE LA FELICIDAD (Artículo publicado en inglés)
Authors: Borrero Caldas Silvio
Published: August 2013

The huge amounts of money spent every year in purchasing material goods do not seem very effective in increasing consumers’ happiness. Indeed, higher income and correspondingly expensive consumption do not make people much happier, which implies that current consumerism is extremely inefficient in terms of producing happiness. Extant research and exploratory analyses suggest that people could improve their happiness-to-consumption efficiency through activities that let them achieve a sense of mastery and belonging, and by engaging in experiential and social consumption. Based on preliminary results hereby discussed, the article proposes research questions to be investigated by means of a cross-cultural study, anticipates potential contributions to the field, and suggests future research possibilities.
MODELO DE SERVICIOS MICROFINANCIEROS PROPUESTO PARA RESOLVER EL PROBLEMA DE LA FALTA DE ACCESO A LOS SERVICIOS FINANCIEROS EN LOS PAÍSES EN DESARROLLO
Authors: Prior Sanz Francesc
Published: August 2013

This research paper discusses how to solve the problem of lack of access to financial services that have the vast majority of the population of developing countries. The proposed solution takes the hypothesis that the lack of access to financial services is mainly due to a supply problem. The business models used by financial institutions operating in developing countries are inadequate and inefficient by not allowing profitably serve low-income segments. This supply problem to be solved needs of developing low cost business models for the distribution of microfinance services adapted to serve segments of low-income population profitably.
INNOVACIÓN EN SITUACIONES DE NEGOCIACIÓN: HERRAMIENTAS INVENTIVAS PARA CREAR VALOR
Authors: Gleiser David
Published: August 2013

Decisions are made in negotiations by which heuristics are used. This accounts for the lack of value creation on the part of negotiators. A conceptual analysis was performed on four negotiation cases that call for inventive problem solving. The negotiations were analyzed by means of the use of inventive principles derived from the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ), which were used as alternative heuristics to overcome satisficing. The results show that the use of these inventive principles produces a better approach to the ideal of value creation in integrative negotiations. The conclusion that is offered is that it is feasible to use inventive heuristics in order to overcome the traditional heuristics employed by negotiators (thereby fighting fire with fire).
EL VAR HISTÓRICO: UNA PROPUESTA METODOLÓGICA PARA LA MEDICIÓN DE PÉRDIDAS ESPERADA EN PESOS DE DEUDORES HIPOTECARIOS CON CRÉDITOS EN UNIDADES DE VALOR REAL (UVR)
Authors: Cayón Fallón Edgardo , Sarmiento Sabogal Julio A.
Published: August 2013

The objective of the present proposal is to provide, from the perspective of financial risk, useful information to the clients of the Colombian mortgage market. This is done with the purpose of giving the client a complete understanding of the implied financial risks in inflation adjusted mortgages. Our proposal is that by using historical VaR it is possible to measure and quantify the risk incurred by the users of the Colombian mortgage market.
SISTEMAS DE IDENTIFICACIÓN POR RADIOFRECUENCIA, CÓDIGO DE BARRAS Y SU RELACIÓN CON LA GESTIÓN DE LA CADENA DE SUMINISTRO
Authors: Correa Espinal Alexander , Alvarez Lopez Carlos Esteban , Gómez Montoya Rodrigo Andrés
Published: August 2013

This article review shows the state of the art and the relation between identification systems (bar code and radiofrequency) with the supply chain management, in significant applications worldwide and in Colombian industry, through book analysis, papers and existent studies cases. To do this, compile general concepts of identification systems, emphasizing the bar code and radio frequency, there are definitions, hardware / software, their applications in the supply chain and use large, medium and give small businesses in the country. Putting in evidence the importance of these technologies to improve performance, streamline operations, reduce costs, facilitate traceability and streamlining information flows in the supply chain.
LOS INSTITUTOS DE ADMINISTRACIÓN PÚBLICA EN ESPAÑA: PROGRAMAS DE FORMACIÓN PARA EL PERSONAL AL SERVICIO DE LA ADMINISTRACIÓN
Authors: Jiménez Meroño Sergio , Sánchez Medero Rubén , Sánchez Medero Gema
Published: August 2013

Public administration has always shown some concern about the training of their employees. So throughout this article we have discussed training plans for 2004 were five Spanish Institutes of Public Administration, but only made reference to five variables: the characteristics, timing, target, requirements and selection, and the subjects of the training activities. So, through the SPSS software can cross these variables, so that we could determine which way is taking the training policy of these institutions and, therefore, to find out if it saves some sort of connection with an attempt of modernization and professionalization, or although, by contrast, is a scheduled policy without a clear objective.
EFECTO-RIQUEZA DURANTE LAS COLOCACIONES PÚBLICAS INICIALES PRIVATIZADORAS EN CHILE (1984-1989) (Artículo publicado en inglés)
Authors: Santillán Salgado Roberto J.
Published: August 2013

We study the aftermarket performance of eleven privatization Initial Public Offers (IPOs) in Chile during 1984-1989, and provide a detailed description of the economic and political conditions that prevailed. In particular, we discuss the operational details of the stock issuing mechanism, complemented with a statistical study on the IPOs’ Market Adjusted Returns. While the sample size is limited and does not support a significant external validity, the analysis confirms the presence of aftermarket performance patterns that are very similar to those observed in private and privatization IPOs reported elsewhere (Aggarwal, Leal and Hernández, 1993; Dewenter and Malatesta, 1997; Loughran, Ritter and Rydqvist, 1994; Perotti and Guney, 1993).
CRECIMIENTO DE LA ECONOMÍA CHINA Y SU IMPACTO EN SU ESTRATÉGICA ENERGÉTICA (Artículo publicado en inglés)
Authors: Concha Velásquez José Roberto , Pichler Bernhard
Published: August 2013

This work enters into the topic of one of the world’s most increasing economy, the economy of China. It will treat the question, how a country, hence a political system which was such closed and had a quite small economical standard and growth rate was able to improve in a tremendous way. This present fact discovers various questions, such like: How is it possible that a closed socialist state can improve its economical increase and international trade in a tremendous way? How is an increase in trade and production combined with energy consumption? How can China secure its energy sources in order to secure its production and energy household? The work starts with the theory of free trade to step into that topic
CASO DE ESTUDIO. RE-LANZAMIENTO DEL TOYOTA COROLLA
Authors: SaavedraTorres José Luis
Published: August 2013

The case reflects the dynamics of the corporate decision-making process at Toyota in Venezuela with regard to the release of the ninth generation of the Corolla model in the face of a situation of an expanding market and a declining market share after a long period as market leader. The aim is to develop a positioning strategy that is consistent with the market situation and consumer perception. Students are to bring up a discussion of the foundations of the architecture of a brand and prepare a communications briefing for developing a positioning strategy. It is advisable to go back to more local communication with a strong emphasis on the values and positioning of the Toyota brand.
APROXIMACIÓN DE RECLAMOS CONTINGENTES PARA LA PREDICCIÓN DE RIESGOS DE CRÉDITO EN SUS MEDIDAS DE DETERMINACIÓN DE LA DISTANCIA DE DEFAULT Y SU PROBABILIDAD DE QUIEBRA PARA COLOMBIA
Authors: Cruz Merchán Juan Sergio , Vargas Vives Jaime
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent of applicability of bankruptcy - Black and Scholes (1973) and Merton (1974) - to the securities market in Colombia using the contingent claim approach in the context of the new current economic cycle in Latin America. It particularly examines the ability of the contingent claim approach, from the perspective of Moody's KMV, to estimate the two following credit risk indicators: distance to bankruptcy and probability of default. It then provides a comparison of these measurements versus those generated by the market. The findings suggest that there is a possibility of using this model in Colombia, especially with non-listed companies.
VALOR RAZONABLE: UN MODELO DE VALORACIÓN INCORPORADO EN LAS NORMAS INTERNACIONALES DE INFORMACIÓN FINANCIERA
Authors: Silva Palavecinos Berta
Published: August 2013

The concept of fair value, which has appeared for decades in Anglo-Saxon accounting literature, gained great significance when it was incorporated by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) as a pricing model in International Financial Reporting Standards. Nevertheless, its meaning, when it is used, how it is determined, its impact on the equity of a company, and other aspects of meaning are scattered throughout various standards. Decision makers need to have a clear idea of the subject. This article presents a compilation and reflections on these issues without attempting to be exhaustive.
PAPEL DE GESTIÓN HUMANA EN EL CUMPLIMIENTO DE LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Calderón Hernández Gregorio , Álvarez Giraldo Claudia Milena , Naranjo Valencia Julia Clemencia
Published: August 2013

Human resource management is going beyond having a merely instrumental role, to becoming the support of organizational competitiveness. One of the areas in which human resource management must support companies is in fulfilling their social responsibility. This research aims to find evidence of this relationship based on a theoretical perspective and a comparison of a set of Colombian companies. We performed a triangulation of both quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. We carried out an analysis of the validity and reliability of information, and used cluster techniques to analyze the information, and complemented them with descriptive and qualitative techniques, such as discourse analysis.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. ÍNDICE ELCANO: OPORTUNIDADES E RIESGOS ESTRATÉGICOS PARA LA ECONOMIA COLOMBIANA
Authors: Concha Velásquez José Roberto , Bersh Arias Andrea , García Tamayo Diana Marcela
Published: August 2013

This case is the practical application of the Elcano index, which was developed by the Elcano Royal Institute of International and Strategic Studies in Spain. The index measures the degree of interdependence of the economy of a specific country with other countries. The objective of this work is its practical application to the Colombian case using a set of variables that are consistent with the macroeconomic reality of Colombia. A comparison was made against the following countries: Bolivia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, USA, Spain, Mexico, Peru, and Venezuela. These are the countries with which Colombia has the strongest commercial and economic relations. The results show that its application to the Colombian scenario is valid and that it allows developing major strategies in international trade relations.
LA INNOVACIÓN COMO COMPETENCIA CENTRAL EN LA INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN DE LAS FIRMAS LATINOAMERICANAS: EL PROCESO DE BICO INTERNACIONAL, EMPRESA DEL GRUPO CARVAJAL S.A.
Authors: Ochoa Diaz Hector , Rios Millan Ana Maria , Solano Castillo Natalia
Published: August 2013

Bico Internacional is a Colombian company that has set new trends in the internalization of its operations. This article presents a case study con­cerning Bico’s experience in Colombia and abroad. It is complemented by the application of theoretical models such as the theories by Prahalad and Hamel, Uppsala, and Johanson and Vahlne, and the model proposed by Stephen H. Rhinesmith, in order to explain the company’s market expan­sion process. It is concluded that Bico is a company that has not only a wide capacity to respond to the challenges of the local and international envi­ronments, but also a great ability to innovate with its products, the design of its organizational structure, and its marketing strategies.
POSIBILIDADES, LOGROS Y DESAFÍOS EN LA IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE MODELOS DE CALIDAD EN LOS GOBIERNOS LATINOAMERICANOS
Authors: Frogoso Torres Jaime
Published: August 2013

This article provides a review of the meaning and scope of the concept of quality as applied to the state and its role in the administrative paradigm known as new public management. It also discusses the most significant management models, the charac­teristics of governments in Latin America, and various projects to in­corporate quality programs in these governments. The accomplishment of this work is based on documentary research as well as on an exhaustive process of reflection from the author’s perspective as an academic, a re­searcher, and a founding member of the Latin American Experts Network in Quality in Public Administration. It concludes with a recommendation for the use of quality-based philoso­phies as a requirement to modernize the public sector.
¿EXISTEN GANANCIAS POR LA COBERTURA DE RIESGO CAMBIARIO EN UN PORTAFOLIO DE ACCIONES GLOBAL, DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA DE UN INVERSIONISTA COLOMBIANO?
Authors: Maya Ochoa Cecilia , Jaramillo Ospina Catalina María , Montoya Madrigal Lina María
Published: August 2013

This study looks for gains in terms of efficiency for local investors with an internationally diversified portfolio by hedging the exchange risk. To estimate an optimum portfolio with a minimum variance we used a robust methodology which allowed us to make statistical inference and prove that international diversification re­duces portfolio risk for local investors. This methodology is applied to stock portfolios held by a Colombian and a Mexican investor, and the conclusion is that hedging exchange rate risk can reduce the risk of the portfolio, with the possible exception of a high negative correlation between the ex­change rate and the local stock index.
FACTORES DE ÉXITO DE LAS ALIANZAS ESTRATÉGICAS: EL CASO DE LAS EMPRESAS INTEGRADORAS MEXICANAS
Authors: Camargo Mireles Francisco
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this work was to explo­re the performance factors at Mexi­can integrative companies (a form of strategic alliance), by applying a comprehensive theoretical model derived from a thorough review of literature published from 1985 to 2010. The results obtained show that the performance of alliances depends on two actors, namely, the partner and the alliance, each of which has its own determining factors.
GOBERNANZA Y CALIDAD EN LA GESTIÓN PÚBLICA
Authors: Moyado Estrada Francisco
Published: August 2013

This research focuses on a study of the incorporation of quality in the roles of government and public manage­ment. Based on a review of the most representative literature published in the last fifteen years, an analysis is conducted of global changes and their effects on the transformations of the State in order to propose a new approach to governance. This general framework provides the basis for a discussion of convergence between new public management and quality, based on experience with administra­tive reforms implemented in Latin American governments for the past two decades. Lastly, it provides a review of the contributions of the quality management model and certification of services through the implementation of ISO 9000 stan­dards and process analysis in public organizations.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. VIERNES NEGRO
Authors: Roa Martínez Néstor Andrés , Tróchez Ávila Ingrid Marcela , Ríos Mosquera Martha Lucía , López Astudillo Andrés
Published: August 2013

The objective of the case discussed here is to present the complex si­tuation that arises at a large raw material manufacturing company in the construction industry when its integrated information manage­ment system collapses; a situation commonly known as “a system crash”. These kinds of system failures cons­train logistical activities related to the distribution center that is responsible for shipping orders on a national level on the sales closing date at the end of a given month. This hampers the order invoicing process and, therefore, gives rise to non-compliance with order deliveries, customer dissatisfaction, potential loss of orders, and non-compliance with the company’s sales goals, thus affecting the profitability.
ESTUDIO DEL FENÓMENO DE INFLACIÓN IMPORTADA VÍA PRECIOS DEL PETRÓLEO Y SU APLICACIÓN AL CASO COLOMBIANO MEDIANTE EL USO DE MODELOS VAR PARA EL PERIODO 2000-2009
Authors: Rodríguez Pinzón Heivar Yesid
Published: August 2013

The objective of this article is to examine whether the oil price variable fueled a phenomenon of imported inflation in Colombia for the period from January 2000 to July 2009. The estimation strategy is based on the VAR (Vector Autoregression) model taking into account WTI oil prices and the CPI (Consumer Price Index). This model provided evidence that shows that Colombia may be a case of imported inflation, signaling that inflation is not an endogenous process, but rather a process under the influence of external variables.
ACTITUDES DE LOS EMPRENDEDORES DE MICRO Y PEQUEÑAS EMPRESAS FRENTE A LA ADQUISICIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN EXTERNA PARA LA TOMA DE DECISIONES COMERCIALES
Authors: Castaño Ramírez Alejandro
Published: August 2013

The aim of this article is to provide readers with an understanding of the behavior of micro and small business entrepreneurs towards the acquisition of external information. This research study uses a quantitative method for exploring entrepreneurial attitudes with regard to the acquisition of this kind of information. The results show not only a perception that external information is highly valuable, but also that there is a lack of programs for acquiring this information. In this regard, organizations that support these kinds of businesses, such as, e.g. universities, chambers of commerce, and local government agencies, can provide assistance by developing tools for conducting research of the external commercial environment of companies, thus helping them to achieve a broader business view at a low cost.
CASO DE ESTUDIO. GESTIÓN DEL RIESGO CAMBIARIO EN UNA COMPAÑÍA EXPORTADORA
Authors: Berggrun Preciado Luis , España Calderón Luis Fernando , López Casella Julián Andrés
Published: August 2013

In a global environment, companies face exchange rate risk due to their need to conduct operations abroad. Risk must be managed properly in order to identify its impact on the viability and profitability of companies and to take proper risk mitigating measures. The case study under review analyzes the exchange rate risk of an exporting company in order to determine the probable impact of this risk. Furthermore, it discusses various alternatives to mitigate currency risk.
MODELO DE ASIGNACIÓN DE COMPRAS A PROVEEDORES CONSIDERANDO SU FLEXIBILIDAD Y PROBABILIDAD DE INCUMPLIMIENTO EN LA ENTREGA
Authors: Ruiz Torres Alex Jesús , Ablanedo Rosas Jose Humberto , Ayala Cruz Jorge
Published: August 2013

Supplier selection is a critical process in supply chain management and business competitiveness.This article presents a decision-making model that optimizes allocation of demand across aset of suppliers considering expected losses associated with delivery defaults, purchasing costs,unforeseen costs of non-delivered supplies, and supplier management costs. An experimentaland sensitivity analysis was carried out to study the behavior of the model with regard to keyparameters. The results reveal that the proposed model is sensitive to these parameters anddemonstrate the usefulness of the model to decision makers in this field.
ESTIMACIÓN DEL EFECTO COLEGIO EN COLOMBIA: 1980–2009
Authors: López Mera Silvio Fernando
Published: August 2013

Based on the results from ICFES tests (Colombian equivalent of the American SATs) from 1980to 2009, the study uses a hierarchical/multi-level analysis to provide an estimate of the schooleffect in each educational sector for three different tests. The results suggest that the publicschool effect has always been smaller than that of private schools in the last thirty years andthat the effect on the mathematics section of the test is always smaller, regardless of the educationalsector. They also indicate that since 2000 there has been a considerable drop in thecoefficient, which could be related to the change in the tests that year. Lastly, an intertemporalanalysis of score percentiles reveals that private schools have traditionally ranked higher thantheir public counterparts.
FORMACIÓN DE EQUIPOS DE ALTO DESEMPEÑO Y ESTRATEGIAS GERENCIALES EN PROYECTOS DE EMPRESAS PUBLICITARIAS
Authors: Palamary D'Aguillo Rosa Esther
Published: August 2013

At the present time, advertising companies face pressure to compete in an environment whereproducts and strategies are increasingly similar because of globalization. The success of thesecompanies will depend on the practice of innovation in their activities and in human capitaldevelopment. The purpose of this work is to establish a relationship between the formationof high performance teams and management strategies in advertising company projects. It issubstantiated by correlational descriptive cross-sectional research following a non-experimental,descriptive, cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of companies located in the municipalityof Maracaibo, Venezuela, which are members of the Advertising Agency Association. Theresults are useful for other companies that are willing to take on this challenge.
SIMBIOSIS ENTRE EMPRESA Y SOCIEDAD. EL CASO DEL BANCO GALICIA Y EL MUSEO DE CIENCIAS NATURALES DE LA PLATA
Authors: Mollo Brisco Gabriela Fernanda , Maroscia Carla
Published: August 2013

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a topic that has come to the forefront in the field ofadministration. Generally, it is analyzed in shades of white or black, from a virtually utopianor critical perspective. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that CSR should be studiedfrom a third perspective in which today’s companies face the new challenge of sustainability. CSRcan be a very good strategy for achieving sustainability, thus resulting in a mutually beneficialand delicate symbiosis between business and society. To account for this, we opted to carry outcase studies and complement them with interviews and documentary analysis.
ESTRUCTURA ORGANIZACIONAL Y SUS PARÁMETROS DE DISEÑO: ANÁLISIS DESCRIPTIVO EN PYMES INDUSTRIALES DE BOGOTÁ
Authors: Marín Idarraga Diego Armando
Published: August 2013

El artículo recoge los fundamentos teóricos acerca de los parámetros de diseño de la estructura de la organización, en el marco de la contingencia estructural, y da cuenta de la forma como las empresas están asumiendo eventos de re-estructuración. Se realiza un estudio de tipo descriptivo en una muestra de 92 pymes manufactureras de Bogotá. Los resultados demuestran que: a) el re-diseño organizacional no atiende propiamente a un ejercicio formal y sistemático a partir de la estrategia, b) el ajuste estructural con el entorno se da de manera parcial y c) la re-estructuración, cuando ocurre, simplemente responde a maniobras de traslación, eliminación o creación de cargos tomando como único referente el organigrama.
MOTIVACIONES LABORALES EN EMPRESAS PRODUCTIVAS Y SERVUCTIVAS EN CIUDAD AUTÓNOMA DE BUENOS AIRES (CABA) Y GRAN BUENOS AIRES (GBA) (ARGENTINA)
Authors: Genoud Maria Andrea , Broveglio Gerardo , Picasso Emilio
Published: August 2013

Las motivaciones laborales de 400 trabajadores argentinos de diversos niveles jerárquicos, en empresas productivas y servuctivas, revela que la actitud general frente al trabajo es central, aunque fluctúa entre el grado de relevancia y el de sobrecarga. Las técnicas de análisis estadísticos discriminan lo enunciado versus lo real, revelan que se prioriza primero el salario, luego la seguridad, las oportunidades de avance, poseer trabajo interesante y trabajar con gente. Menor prioridad poseen las motivaciones sociales y las de obtener prestigio. La información se segmenta por edad, género, educación, actividad, antigüedad y tamaño de empresa. La fase de investigación 2011-2012 concreta la triangulación inter-metodológica, tras administrar un cuestionario por panel de Internet vía un muestreo estratificado con control de cuotas.
EL FERROCARRIL DE ANTIOQUIA: EMPRESARIOS EXTRANJEROS Y PARTICIPACIÓN LOCAL
Authors: Correa Restrepo Juan Santiago
Published: August 2013

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar cómo la construcción y operación del Ferrocarril de Antioquia permite analizar, desde el punto de vista de las políticas públicas y de la acción de los empresarios extranjeros, los procesos sociales desde la perspectiva local y regional del Estado. Metodológicamente, se hace uso de fuentes primarias de la época y de bibliografía secundaria desde una perspectiva de historia económica y empresarial, para realizar un contraste de cómo, a pesar de no cumplir con ninguna de las metas propuestas en los contratos firmados inicialmente, el Ferrocarril se convirtió en un símbolo de lo posible y del tránsito a la modernidad.
PRINCIPIOS BÁSICOS DE DISEÑO GRÁFICO APLICADOS A LA PREPARACIÓN DE AYUDAS VISUALES PARA PRESENTACIONES CIENTÍFICAS Y DE NEGOCIOS
Authors: Velásquez Henao Juan David
Published: August 2013

La capacidad para hablar en público es una habilidad esencial para administradores y otros profesionales. Sin embargo, muchas presentaciones son descritas como malas, aburridas, sin foco o incomprensibles. Uno de los principales errores es la falta de ayudas visuales que estén bien diseñadas; ejemplos comunes de ello son una excesiva cantidad de texto, el uso de fondos de bajo contraste, letras muy pequeñas para su lectura y el abuso de efectos artísticos, entre otros. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados de una revisión sistemática para responder la pregunta “¿Qué es una ayuda visual correctamente diseñada?”. Se encontró que, aplicando varios principios básicos y simples de diseño gráfico, es posible obtener ayudas visuales efectivas. Adicionalmente, se presentan varios ejemplos.
Modelo tecnológico para el desarrollo de proyectos logísticos usando Lean Six Sigma
Authors: Mantilla Celis Olga Lucía , Sánchez García José Manuel
Published: August 2013

El presente artículo describe un modelo propuesto por los autores, cuyo propósito es el de orientar a las empresas en el mejoramiento de su desempeño logístico, analizado desde la perspectiva de incremento del nivel de servicio y reducción de costos. Para esto, se utilizaron conceptos de cadena de suministros, logística, manufactura esbelta, seis sigma y lean six sigma. La metodología propuesta para el desarrollo del modelo es la DMAIC (Definir, Medir, Analizar, Mejorar y Controlar), soportada en diversas herramientas seleccionadas para cada fase de la misma, y que conducen a la eliminación del desperdicio en flujos y operaciones, reducción del tiempo de entrega, reducción de la variación en los procesos y el aumento de valor.
Motivaciones de los investigadores académicos en Colombia, para generar y transferir conocimiento al sector productivo usando análisis de correlación canónica
Authors: Viana Barcelo Rafael Antonio , Navarro España Jorge Luis , Pinto Prieto Heidy Mariana
Published: August 2013

En el presente documento se presenta evidencia empírica acerca de las motivaciones que tienen los investigadores académicos en Colombia, así como también, la disponibilidad de los mismos para generar y transferir conocimiento al sector productivo en el marco de la relación universidadempresa. Los datos utilizados en el estudio se recopilaron a través de una encuesta aplicada a los investigadores académicos que aparecen registrados en la base de datos del Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS). Los datos fueron analizados a través de análisis de regresiones canónico y se logro determinar que las actividades de transferencia de conocimiento objeto del estudio (consultorías y comercialización de tecnología) son complementarias.
Estimación del riesgo de crédito en empresas del sector real en Colombia
Authors: Sepúlveda Rivillas Claudia , Reina Gutiérrez Walter , Gutiérrez Betancur Juan Carlos
Published: August 2013

La presente investigación propone un modelo probit para datos de panel desbalanceado con efectos aleatorios, que permita estimar la probabilidad de quiebra de las empresas del sector real en Colombia e inferir el riesgo de crédito. Para esto se toma la información de empresas solventes y en estrés financiero, de las bases de datos de la Superintendencia de Sociedades y de BPR Benchmark, durante 2002–2008. Se partió del análisis fundamental, centrado en los indicadores de rentabilidad, apalancamiento, liquidez y solvencia, que propone Penman (2010). El aporte de esta investigación es el énfasis en los apalancamientos operativo y financiero y su efecto en la probabilidad de quiebra. Como principal hallazgo se resalta el efecto menos nocivo del apalancamiento operativo frente al apalancamiento financiero en épocas de crisis
Caso de estudio. Clínica de Occidente: franca recuperación
Authors: Fernández Fernando Camilo , Assis Reveiz Jorge Karim
Published: August 2013

Este documento muestra cómo bajo un sólido planteamiento estratégico y un adecuado despliegue táctico se puede superar condiciones desfavorables de una organización que ha estado deficientemente gestionada y que se debe desenvolver en un entorno fuertemente regulado por el estado y grupos económicos poderosos. En el presente caso, se trata la historia de la Clínica de Occidente de Cali, hasta el año 2011, que pasó de ser una entidad con altos márgenes de rentabilidad enfocada en estratos medio-altos, a tener que acogerse a la Ley de Quiebra en 2004, por efecto de la implementación del nuevo Sistema de Salud de 1993. Después de un efectivo proceso de planeación estratégica alineado con el entorno, ha presentado una notoria recuperación, llevándola a un alto posicionamiento.
A manic episode after bilateral subthalamic stimulation in a patient with advanced Parkinson's disease
Authors: Claeys Isabel , Santens Patrick , Van den Abbeele Dirk , Van Roost Dirk , Lemmens Gilbert MD
Published: August 2013

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has proven to be an effective treatment for patients with refractory symptoms in the advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. However, different psychiatric and cognitive problems may occur after DBS. We report a case of a manic episode after DBS of the subthalamic nucleus in a patient with advanced Parkinson's disease. After slow and gradually restart of the neurostimulation using the lowest effective intensity, the motor symptoms remained sufficiently under control without causing any psychiatric problems.
8-pCPT, an Epac activator, impairs conditioned place preference based on nucleus accumbens amphetamine in rats
Authors: Park Sung Woo , Roohbakhsh Ali , Beninger Richard J.
Published: August 2013

Objectives

Dopamine receptor-mediated 3′,5′-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent intracellular signalling is important for reward-related learning. cAMP activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac). We tested the hypothesis that reward-related learning may be mediated by Epac.

Methods

We evaluated conditioned place preference (CPP) on the basis of nucleus accumbens (NAc) injections of amphetamine (20 μg/0.5 μl/side) plus Sp-adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphorothioate triethylamanine (Sp-cAMPS) (0.1, 1.0, 10, 15, 20 μg/0.5 μl/side), an activator of both PKA and Epac, or amphetamine (20 μg) plus 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-2′-O-methyladenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (8-pCPT) (0.73, 1.27, 1.45, 2.89, 5.78, 11.56 μg/0.5 μl/side), an activator of Epac.

Results

In agreement with previous results, Sp-cAMPS dose-dependently impaired CPP. 8-pCPT impaired CPP at one dose (1.45 μg/0.5 μl/side) and we replicated this effect three times.

Conclusion

The results implicate Epac in the acquisition of reward-related learning.
Let's get real about virtual: online health is here to stay
Authors: PRAINSACK BARBARA
Published: August 2013

A lot has been written about the opportunities of the Internet for medicine, and lately, also for disease research specifically. Although it remains to be seen how significant and sustainable a change this will result in, some recent developments are highly relevant for the area of genetic research. User-friendly, low-threshold web-based tools do not only provide information to patients and other users, but they also supply user-generated data that can be utilized by both medical practice and medical research. Many of these developments have been below the radar of mainstream academic research so far. Issues related to data quality and standardization, as well as data protection and privacy, still need to be addressed. Dismissing these platforms as fads of a tiny privileged minority risks missing the opportunity to have our say in these debates.
The Multitude and the Many-Headed Hydra: Autonomist Marxist Theory and Labor History
Authors: Burgmann Verity
Published: August 2013

The autonomist Marxist critique of determinist Marxism offers even more valuable insights for labor historians than that mounted by earlier antideterminists, such as Sartre and Thompson, who emphasized proletarian agency to counter determinist orthodoxy in which the accumulative logic of capital unilaterally shapes the world. Autonomist Marxism is more far-reaching. It places labor at the very beginning of the labor-capital dialectic: Labor can exist independently of capital, but capital needs to command labor to ensure profit; therefore, capitalist development does not occur due to internal momentum but in reaction to labor's tendency to unloose itself from capital. Linebaugh and Rediker offer a similar hypothesis in exploring the myth of the many-headed hydra—and demonstrate the fruitfulness of such an approach. By contrast, the notion of the multitude in Hardt and Negri'sEmpirehas not been well received by labor historians due to its inexplicable abstraction when read in isolation from other autonomist texts. This article attempts to rescue the ideas of autonomist Marxist philosophers, especially Toni Negri, from the enormous condescension of labor history.
“The Ships Must Sail on Time”: Histories of Longshore Workers and Why Their Unions Still Matter
Authors: Cole Peter
Published: August 2013

Before dawn on Sunday morning, June 20, 2010, upwards of one thousand people gathered near the Port of Oakland, an industrial, sometimes barren section of west Oakland. They then converged on four gates operated by the Stevedore Services of America, one of the main shipping companies on the US Pacific coast and in the world. The protesters were awaiting the arrival of an Israeli cargo vessel in order to protest Israel's ongoing blockade of the Palestinian residents of Gaza as well as the recent Israeli assault on Turkish vessels in the Mediterranean that had resulted in the deaths of nine civilians, part of an international group sympathetic to the Gaza Palestinians. For hours activists protested, including a chant that referenced both the Wobblies and antiapartheid struggle: “An injury to one is an injury to all, bring down the apartheid wall.” Crucially—and not coincidentally—members of Local 10 of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) refused to cross this picket line, citing safety reasons. After several hours of negotiations, an arbitrator agreed with the ILWU members that the situation could cause harm to the workers, who therefore could not be punished for not unloading the vessel. Subsequently, the Zim (Israeli shipping line) vessel departed from San Francisco Bay, looking to be unloaded in nearby Monterey Bay. Simultaneously, dock unions in Norway, South Africa, Sweden, and Turkey—all members of The International Transport Workers' Federation (ITF)—also announced that they would join the “Boycott against Israel campaign.” These dramatic, militant, and overtly political actions by longshore workers across the globe are not unprecedented—at least for union dockers—though they are almost unheard of in the twenty-first century for other sorts of workers on any continent.
Syndicalism and Strikes, Leadership and Influence: Britain, Ireland, France, Italy, Spain, and the United States
Authors: Darlington Ralph
Published: August 2013

The explosion of industrial and political militancy that swept the world during the early years of the twentieth century gave the revolutionary syndicalist movement a prominence and notoriety it would not otherwise have possessed, while at the same time providing a context for syndicalist ideas to be broadcast and for syndicalists to assume the leadership of major strikes in a number of countries. This article sheds new light on the complex nature of the relationship between syndicalism and strikes by means of an international comparative analysis of the revolutionary syndicalist movements in France, Spain, Italy, Britain, Ireland and United States. It presents evidence to suggest ideological/organizational initiative and leadership was of immense importance in understanding how syndicalist movements could be simultaneously a contributory cause, a symptom, and a beneficiary of workers' militancy.
The Workers' Movement and Political Change in Spain, 1956–1977
Authors: Sampere Xavier Domènech
Published: August 2013

“That the number of our Members be unlimited” … Today we might pass over such a rule as a commonplace: and yet it is one of the hinges upon which history turns. It signified the end to any notion of exclusiveness, of politics as the preserve of any hereditary elite or property Group … To throw open the doors to propaganda and agitation in this “unlimited” way implied a new notion of democracy, which cast aside ancient inhibitions and trusted to self-activating and self-organising processes among the common people.

E.P. Thompson, The Making of the English Working Class

The decline of labor history in the research agenda of senior Spanish scholars matches the surprising interest in it of young researchers as indicated by the opening of new lines of research and the explosion of studies on other social movements that also have a strong class character in their origins. Moreover, despite the progressive decline of published academic research on the quintessential social movement, the truth is that its history is still crucial for understanding the political and social dynamics of the late Franco regime and the first years of democracy for at least two reasons.
Empirical Ship Domain based on AIS Data
Authors: Hansen Martin Gamborg , Jensen Toke Koldborg , Lehn-Schiøler Tue , Melchild Kristina , Rasmussen Finn Mølsted , Ennemark Finn
Published: August 2013

In this paper the minimum ship domain in which a navigator feels comfortable is estimated. That is, we estimate the free space surrounding a ship into which no other ship or object should enter. This is very useful when estimating the maximum flow through a channel or a bridge span. The paper benefits from the introduction of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data as it is now much easier to conduct studies involving a large number of observations. Our observations are based on ships sailing in southern Danish waters during a four year period, and from the observations we estimate how closely ships pass each other and fixed objects in open sea navigation. The main result is the establishment of an empirical minimum ship domain related to a comfortable navigational distance.