bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of textbook oncologic outcome after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking surgery for advanced ovarian cancer
Authors: Yu Jiayin , Wang Yiyang , Liu Liqun , Xiao Yaolong , Yu Gang
Published: January 2025

Aim

To examine the prognostic impact of textbook oncologic outcome (TOO) in patients with advanced ovarian cancer undergoing primary chemotherapy, along with identifying the risk factors for TOO failure.

Methods

Patients who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval debulking surgery for advanced ovarian cancer at a tertiary center between 2014 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. TOO was defined as complete cytoreduction, no severe complications, no prolonged hospital stay, no readmission, no delayed initiation of adjuvant chemotherapy, and no 90‐day mortality. The associations between TOO and clinical characteristics (survival) were examined using logistic and Cox regression analyses.

Results

Among 165 patients, 65 (39.4%) achieved TOO. The most common reason for TOO failure was incomplete cytoreduction (n = 46, 27.9%). Older age (p = 0.049) and visceral obesity (p = 0.030) were independently associated with TOO failure. Patients who achieved TOO had significantly prolonged overall survival (OS; median: 52 vs. 31 months, p = 0.010) and progression‐free survival (PFS; median: not reached vs. 19 months, p = 0.006) compared to those who did not achieve TOO. Multivariate analysis revealed that TOO achievement was an independent protective factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.591, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.387–0.905, p = 0.015) and PFS (HR 0.626, 95% CI 0.410–0.956, p = 0.030).

Conclusions

TOO is an effective predictor of favorable outcomes in patients with advanced ovarian cancer undergoing interval debulking surgery. Factors such as older age and visceral obesity may hinder the achievement of TOO.
Exploring cyanobacteria from diverse habitats of the Konkan region of India, unveiling novel species of the genera Desikacharya, Pseudoaliinostoc, and Chlorogloeopsis using a polyphasic approach
Authors: Pant Harsh , Kumar Naresh , Pal Sagarika , Singh Prashant
Published: January 2025

The Indian subcontinent has emerged as a natural habitat to several cyanobacterial taxa which have been explored and described in the past few years using a polyphasic approach. Various new genera and species of Nostoc morphotypes, heteropolar unbranched as well as branched heterocytous cyanobacteria, have been described from various parts of India such as the central mainland, temperate hill stations of extreme northern India, and the biodiversity hotspots of northeast India. Konkan, a small strip of land bounded by Arabian sea on the west and Sahyadri mountains on the east, has various habitats such as coastal beds, old monuments, freshwater lakes, and rivers; however, this region has been less charted in modern cyanobacterial systematics, relative to others. The region has a tropical climate with heavy monsoon showers owing to its location on the windward side of the northern Western Ghats, a global biodiversity hotspot. Through this study, several districts of the Konkan region of Maharashtra and Goa were explored for cyanobacterial diversity and evaluated through a polyphasic approach with three novel species of the genus Desikacharya, two novel species of the genus Pseudoaliinostoc and one new species of the monotypic genus Chlorogloeopsis being described in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi and plants (ICN).
Study on the Antibacterial Properties and Optical Characteristics of Clear Orthodontic Aligners Coated With Zinc Oxide and Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Gharibnavaz Mahnaz , Arash Valiollah , Pournajaf Abazar , Najafi Farhood , Rahmati Kamel Manouchehr , Seyedmajidi Seyedali
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the antibacterial properties and optical characteristics of clear orthodontic aligners coated with zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles.

Materials and Methods

In this experimental laboratory study, polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) aligner samples were coated with nanoparticles of ZnO, MgO and a combination of both (ZnO + MgO). The surface coatings were analysed before and after stability testing using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Colour changes and translucency were measured using a spectrophotometer, and the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus species. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

Significant statistical differences were found in the colour changes between the groups (p < 0.001), with the greatest change in MgO‐coated aligners (0.94 ± 0.09), followed by ZnO + MgO (0.75 ± 0.05) and ZnO (0.5 ± 0.09). ZnO‐coated aligners exhibited the highest translucency (47.6 ± 0.44) compared to MgO (45.07 ± 0.74) and ZnO + MgO (45.76 ± 0.7) (p = 0.002 and p = 0.026, respectively). Nanoparticle‐coated aligners showed significantly reduced bacterial growth (p < 0.05). The ZnO + MgO combination demonstrated superior antibacterial effects compared to individual coatings. Nanoparticles remained stable after 24‐h agitation in artificial saliva and brushing, maintaining 60%–65% stability.

Conclusion

The aligners coated with ZnO nanoparticles exhibited the least colour change and the highest translucency compared to those coated with MgO nanoparticles and the ZnO + MgO combination. The highest antibacterial properties were observed in the aligners coated with a combination of ZnO and MgO nanoparticles.
Evaluation of the perception of information from ChatGPT in myopia education: Perspectives of students and professionals
Authors: Sanchez Tena Miguel Angel , Alvarez‐Peregrina Cristina , Martinez‐Perez Clara
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to compare the perception and understanding of the information provided by ChatGPT regarding myopia among optometry students, optometrists undertaking a Master degree and practicing optometrists.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional descriptive study using a structured questionnaire distributed via Wooclap to 225 participants (125 optometry students, 21 Masters students and 79 practicing optometrists). All participants evaluated the responses generated by ChatGPT Version 4.0 using a five‐point scale: very poor, poor, acceptable, good and very good. Data were analysed using SPSS, applying descriptive analysis and chi‐squared tests to assess the significance of differences observed between the groups.

Results

Practicing optometrists, with an average age of 39.7 ± 11.0 and 15.2 ± 7.5 years of professional experience, rated the information provided by ChatGPT on myopia complications more positively than the optometry and Masters students, highlighting the importance of clinical experience (p < 0.001). Alternatively, this may indicate a difference in awareness, knowledge and training, with younger students potentially being more speculative in their evaluations. The perceptions about myopia prevention among the groups were similar (p = 0.28). At the same time, the perceptions of the effectiveness of treatments such as contact lenses and pharmaceutical agents showed differences, with optometrists rating these treatments more positively (p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusions

This study showed differences in the perception and interpretation of the information provided by ChatGPT about myopia depending on the level of education. While AI plays an important role in education, practicing optometrists trust the information extracted by ChatGPT more than optometry students.
Exploring the Interplay of Cognition and Emotion in Trust Relationships With Cognitive‐Affective Maps
Authors: Bormann Inka , Bempreiksz‐Luthardt Jasmin , Niedlich Sebastian
Published: January 2025

This paper relates to the debate on cognition‐based and affect‐based uni‐dimensional trust by addressing the interconnectedness of cognition and emotion. It puts forward the thesis that trust is always relationship‐based and that the perceived characteristics on the basis of which a trustee is considered trustworthy by a trustor in this relationship are cognitions that have different emotional values (valences). Analyzing the valences of such cognitions in trust relationships is a research desideratum, which the paper addresses by using cognitive‐affective maps (CAMs) as an innovative method in trust research. To illustrate the methodology, the example of dyads of parents and early childhood educators is used as a context in which key aspects of trust are relevant. The analyses show what concepts are mutually salient and how they are valued. The findings are discussed with regard to the methodology of possible future trust research.
Larval instar‐dependent hemocytes in specialist herbivore Cydalima perspectalis fed on Buxus hyrcana and Buxus microphylla
Authors: Kholghahmadi Maryam , Karimi‐Malati Azadeh , Jalali Sendi Jalal
Published: January 2025

The boxwood moth, Cydalima perspectalis Walker (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), as invasive specialist species in Iran has caused considerable damage in endemic forest stands of Buxus hyrcana Pojark since 2016. Host plant species can alter herbivore–plant interactions through the quantitative and qualitative changes of hemocytes even within a specialist herbivore. To determine the hemocyte variations on different host plants across larval development, the third and sixth instar larvae of C. perspectalis fed on B. hyrcana (native boxwood) and B. microphylla Sieb. and Zucc. (introduced nonnative boxwood) were compared. Total (THC) and differential (DHC) hemocyte count were determined using light, phase‐contrast, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Based on results, six types of hemocytes were recognized in hemolymph including prohemocytes (PRs), plasmatocytes (PLs), granulocytes (GRs), oenocytoides (OEs) and spherulocytes (SPs) as well as unknown elongated quadrangular cells (elongocytes [ELs], the term has been first employed here) with obvious and distinguishable nuclei which were observed by the SEM and TEM microscopy. The ELs were rectangular or trapezoidal in shape, and the largest cells in hemolymph—their length varied from 14.00 to 15.73 μm. Our results showed that the total number of hemocytes (THC) significantly increased across larval development. Moreover, host plant species significantly affected total hemocyte count where the THC of sixth instar larvae on B. microphylla (2561.00 ± 10.60 cell/mm3) was significantly higher than on B. hyrcana (2440.00 ± 51.50 cell/mm3). The differential hemocyte count (DHC) profile study showed that GRs along with PLs were the most abundant cells in the hemolymph irrespective of larval instar and host plant species. Furthermore, the GRs% and ELs% increased throughout the larval development on both host plants, while a significant reduction of PLs% was recorded from third instar to sixth instar during the larval stage on two Buxus species. Apart from larval instar, host plant species had a significant effect on DHC of C. perspectalis. Despite higher total hemocyte number when fed on B. microphylla, the PLs% and ELs% were significantly higher in sixth‐instar larvae fed on B. hyrcana compared with B. microphylla. Oppositely, the percentage of GRs was 17% less in larvae reared on B. hyrcana than on B. microphylla. As hemocyte types are responsible for different immune functions, these findings on instar‐ and host plant‐dependent variation in their relative abundance would be critical to understand the immune response of this specialist herbivore.
Gibberellin regulates the synthesis of stone cells in ‘Nanguo’ pear via the PuMYB91‐PuERF023 module
Authors: Xu Mingyang , He Shan , Zhang He , Gao Siyang , Yin Mingxin , Li Xinyue , Du Guodong
Published: January 2025

Stone cells are one of the limiting factors affecting pear fruit quality and commodity value. The formation of stone cell is highly correlated with lignin deposition. However, the molecular mechanism of stone cell formation and regulation is still unclear. Here, we observed that exogenous application of GA significantly inhibited the formation of stone cells and also decreased the content of lignin in ‘Nanguo’ (Pyrus ussuriensis) pear fruits. The key gene PuPRX73 involved in the lignin synthesis pathway was further identified using RT‐PCR, and GA‐treatment significantly inhibited the expression of PuPRX73. Overexpression or silencing of PuPRX73 in pear fruits significantly increases or decreases the content of stone cells and lignin. We identified the transcription factors PuMYB91 and PuERF023 using mRNA‐seq and their expression was significantly decreased after GA‐treatment. Transient overexpression of PuMYB91 and PuERF023 promotes lignin and stone cells content in pear fruits, while silencing of PuMYB91 and PuERF023 led to the opposite results and inhibited the expression of PuPRX73. Yeast one‐hybrid (Y1H) and GUS activity analysis revealed that PuMYB91 and PuERF023 directly bind and activate the PuPRX73 promoter, and co‐transfection of PuMYB91 and PuERF023 in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves further promoted the promoter activity of PuPRX73. Furthermore, we found that PuMYB91 interacted with PuERF023 in vitro by using Yeast two‐hybrid assays (Y2H). In conclusion, our results revealed that exogenous GA‐treatment inhibits stone cell production by suppressing the expression of PuMYB91 and PuERF023 in pear fruits.
Enzymatic Antioxidants and Their Differential Response to Cryopreservation in Japanese Quail Semen
Authors: Zuha Sumiyyah , Rakha Bushra Allah , Akhter Shamim
Published: January 2025

A triad of enzymatic antioxidants viz., catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) constitutes a first line of defence against any redox imbalances in the semen. Cryopreservation enabling long term storage of semen also prompts generation of surplus reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cells with waned antioxidants, hampering the full exploitation of this process. With Japanese quail having all the potential to satisfy the steeply growing poultry demand, there is a need for its propagation via sperm preservation and assisted reproduction. Therefore, current study aimed at investigating enzymatic antioxidants in the Japanese quail semen, level of decline in their activity during cryopreservation and any intra‐species variation in their levels. Moreover, malonaldehyde (MDA) levels in fresh and cryopreserved semen of individual birds were taken into account. Semen was collected separately from seven mature males, diluted with NaCl extender (1:15) and cryopreserved. Analysis of sperm and seminal plasma was done at fresh collection, post‐dilution, post‐cooling, post‐equilibration and post‐thaw stages of freezing. The results confirmed the presence of CAT, SOD and GPx in fresh sperm and seminal plasma, their decline (p < 0.05) at all stages of cryopreservation and intra‐species variation (p < 0.05) with respect to freeze‐tolerance. Furthermore, significant increase was recorded in MDA levels at varying rates among individual quails during semen cryopreservation. In conclusion, Japanese quail sperm and seminal plasma exhibit enzymatic antioxidant activities to monitor ROS generation and performance of these antioxidants is severely affected by freezing process with intra‐species variation and rise (p < 0.05) of lipid peroxidation (LPO).
Semantic dualism
Authors: Goldberg Nathaniel , Gavaler Chris
Published: January 2025

Philosophers have paid more attention to proper names (hereafter “names”) than to any other semantic kind. They have also more often focused on names in works of fact than in fiction, and almost always considered individual works, fact or fiction, in isolation from one another. Though serial fiction, which requires considering them not in isolation but in combination, is an extremely common use of language, it is understudied, presenting new challenges to semantic theories. This article proposes a novel account of the semantics of names, called “semantic dualism,” motivated by serial fiction with lessons also for serial fact. According to semantic dualism, the reference of names is in some contexts mediated and in others is not. Those contexts involve how names are used serially across different works. Given semantic dualism's novelty, this article is programmatic, aiming to establish that semantic dualism warrants further investigation.
Assessment of Potential Complementarity of Pumped Hydropower Storage to Solar and Wind Energy
Authors: Fan Xinyi , Zhang Jun , Song Yuqi , Hunt Julian , Dai Qiang
Published: January 2025

Wind and solar energy are among the most important clean energy sources globally but are significantly affected by climate variations, resulting in substantial intermittency and mismatches between supply and demand in both temporal and spatial dimensions. Pumped hydropower storage (PHS) is introduced to mitigate these discrepancies by storing excess energy during periods of low demand and releasing it during high‐demand periods. In this study, we comprehensively evaluate the potential complementarity of PHS to solar and wind energy in China. First, by calculating the ratio between energy demand and energy supply by various wind–solar power combinations, the energy reliability over China in multiple scenarios is assessed. We then identify potential sites for PHS to estimate the energy storage capacities and compare the energy reliability with and without PHS installation. Our results demonstrate that the reliability improved by an average of 20.38% over China, with the highest increase reaching 99.91% in Tibet, where exist abundant PHS resources. We also compare grid reliability before and after the 2025 plan in China, finding that PHS significantly enhances energy storage to meet energy demand. Overall, our findings highlight the potential of PHS in addressing the intermittency and volatility of wind and solar energy, providing crucial insights for future energy planning and policymaking.
Dynamic analysis of a humanitarian aid delivery model in disaster situations
Authors: Paredes Rodríguez Andrés Mauricio , Peña Orozco Diego León , Rojas Reyes Juan José
Published: January 2025

Objective: The occurrence of different natural and/or anthropogenic disasters in different cities around the world have generated negative consequences on the economic conditions and food security of the population, which leads different relief agencies and local administrations to consolidate food aid distribution strategies seeking to reduce the suffering of people. This paper uses system dynamics as a tool to analyze the effectiveness of a humanitarian aid delivery prioritization model used by a city in the center of Valle del Cauca in the presence of a disaster. Materials and Methods: System dynamics model was constructed considering relationships between the different variables that make up the structure of distribution model of food kits in city under study in such a way that it can be used to make decisions that improve the food security of the population. Results and Discussion: Among the main results, the current distribution system fails to meet the expected demand for food kits, suggesting the creation of a donation and volunteer program to expand the capacity of care and improve the food security of the population. Conclusion: The methodology presented in research becomes a reference framework for the distribution of aid humanitarian for future disasters in a city
Enhancement of performance and reliability in MOSFETs via high-pressure microwave annealing
Authors: Kang Geonhyeong , Shin Hunbeom , Kim Seungyeob , Zhang Lingwei , Kim Giuk , Lee Sujeong , Nam Yunseok , Kim Chaeheon , Kim Hoon , Ahn Jinho , Jeon Sanghun
Published: January 2025

This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the electrical and reliability characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors (MOSFETs) through high-pressure microwave annealing (HPMWA) as a post-metallization annealing (PMA) technique. HPMWA effectively passivates traps by supplying energy in the form of both heat and microwaves, thereby offering key advantages such as low-temperature processing (≤350 °C), rapid volumetric heating, and material selectivity. These factors collectively lead to significant improvements in interface quality, resulting in superior device performance, including a low subthreshold slope (65.7 mV/dec), high on/off ratio (6.64 × 107), and elevated field-effect mobility (110.4 cm2/V s), compared to devices treated with conventional thermal annealing methods. The findings are experimentally validated by measuring interfacial trap density and positive bias stability. Consequently, HPMWA emerges as a crucial process for future semiconductor applications that require low-temperature processing, particularly in flexible electronics and back-end-of-line integration.
Functional traits mediate the effect of land use on drivers of community stability within and across trophic levels
Authors: Sperandii Marta Gaia , Bazzichetto Manuele , Götzenberger Lars , Moretti Marco , Achury Rafael , Blüthgen Nico , Fischer Markus , Hölzel Norbert , Klaus Valentin H. , Kleinebecker Till , Neff Felix , Prati Daniel , Bolliger Ralph , Seibold Sebastian , Simons Nadja K. , Staab Michael , Weisser Wolfgang W. , de Bello Francesco , Gossner Martin M.
Published: January 2025

Understanding how land use affects temporal stability is crucial to preserve biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Yet, the mechanistic links between land-use intensity and stability-driving mechanisms remain unclear, with functional traits likely playing a key role. Using 13 years of data from 300 sites in Germany, we tested whether and how trait-based community features mediate the effect of land-use intensity on acknowledged stability drivers (compensatory dynamics, portfolio effect, and dominant species variability), within and across plant and arthropod communities. Trait-based plant features, especially the prevalence of acquisitive strategies along the leaf-economics spectrum, were the main land-use intensity mediators within and across taxonomic and trophic levels, consistently influencing dominant species variability. Functional diversity also mediated land-use intensity effects but played a lesser role. Our analysis discloses trait-based community features as key mediators of land-use effects on stability drivers, emphasizing the need to consider multi-trophic functional interactions to better understand complex ecosystem dynamics.
Companions in antimicrobial resistance: examining transmission of common antimicrobial-resistant organisms between people and their dogs, cats, and horses
Authors: Caddey Benjamin , Fisher Sibina , Barkema Herman W. , Nobrega Diego B.
Published: January 2025

Numerous questions persist regarding the role of companion animals as potential reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant organisms that can infect humans. While relative antimicrobial usage in companion animals is lower than that in humans, certain antimicrobial-resistant pathogens have comparable colonization rates in companion animals and their human counterparts, which inevitably raises questions regarding potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) transmission. Furthermore, the close contact between pets and their owners, as well as pets, veterinary professionals, and the veterinary clinic environment, provides ample opportunity for zoonotic transmission of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens. Here we summarize what is known about the transmission of AMR and select antimicrobial-resistant organisms between companion animals (primarily dogs, cats, and horses) and humans. We also describe the global distribution of selected antimicrobial-resistant organisms in companion animals. The impact of interspecies AMR transmission within households and veterinary care settings is critically reviewed and discussed in the context of methicillin-resistant staphylococci, extended-spectrum β-lactamase and carbapenemase-producing bacteria. Key research areas are emphasized within established global action plans on AMR, offering valuable insights for shaping future research and surveillance initiatives.
Limited impact of hepatitis A virus 3C protease-mediated cleavage on the functions of NEMO in human hepatocytes
Authors: Huang Hao-En , Colasanti Ombretta , Li Teng-Feng , Lohmann Volker
Published: January 2025

NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) is critically involved in the induction of interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Hepatitis A virus (HAV) 3C protease was recently identified to cleave NEMO in non-hepatic cells. This study aimed at understanding efficiency and function of HAV 3C-mediated NEMO cleavage in hepatocytes. HAV 3C protease and its precursor 3CD strongly affected NEMO abundance in ectopic expression models, which was not observed in HAV replicon cells and upon HAV infection. Using a cleavage-resistant NEMO mutant, we found that specific cleavage by 3C only marginally contributed to NEMO degradation, whereas the magnitude of the effect was due to cytotoxic effects induced by 3C activity. Cleavage efficiency generally did not suffice to disrupt the type I IFN or NF-κB signaling pathways. Knockout of NEMO indeed abrogated both pathways, whereas efficient knockdown had limited the impact on NEMO-mediated signaling, suggesting that low levels of NEMO are sufficient to maintain antiviral responses in hepatocytes. NEMO cleavage was barely detectable in a cell line harboring a persistent HAV replicon or in HAV-infected cells. HAV infection induced a robust innate immune response, which was not affected by efficient knockdown of NEMO, arguing for a limited potential contribution of NEMO cleavage to innate immune counteraction. Overall, our data suggest that HAV 3C is capable of partially cleaving NEMO as reported. However, since minute expression levels of NEMO were sufficient for induction of innate immunity, inefficient NEMO cleavage by HAV is unlikely to contribute to dampening of innate immune responses in hepatocytes.

IMPORTANCE

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) establishes acute infections of the liver, which are always cleared, while a number of mechanisms have been identified contributing to immune escape. Among those, proteolytic cleavage of NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) by HAV has been suggested to counteract innate immune responses. This study demonstrates that the HAV 3C protease cleaves NEMO inefficiently and does not result in substantial disruption of antiviral signaling. Importantly, NEMO remains capable of inducing an effective immune response in hepatocytes even at low expression levels. Our findings suggest a limited role for NEMO cleavage in HAV’s interaction with host immunity and call for a revision of our understanding of HAV counteraction mechanisms.
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST) of the cervix: differential diagnosis and a favourable oncological outcome with multimodality treatment
Authors: Sehra Divya , Kumari Sarita
Published: January 2025

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) are aggressive sarcomas that occur rarely in the cervix. Considering the varied clinical features and the absence of a pathognomonic immunohistochemical marker, it is always challenging to diagnose these tumours. Treatment has not been standardised as yet, but a combination of surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is used to treat MPNSTs of the cervix. Here, we report a case of a woman in her 40s with a 10×7 cm polypoidal lesion in the cervix, diagnosed as an MPNST. She was treated with surgery, ifosfamide-based chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy before developing pulmonary metastases. She was treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy for the pulmonary metastases, and the patient has been on follow-up since then. We are also summarising the clinicopathological findings, surgical treatment and follow-up of all reported cases of cervical MPNSTs to date.
Recurrent nodular episcleritis as a manifestation of long COVID
Authors: Selvan Harathy , Rana Mrinal
Published: January 2025

A woman in her 50s presented with redness, eye pain, watering and photophobia of the left eye starting 1 week after she tested positive for COVID-19. She was diagnosed with left eye episcleritis and started on topical steroids. As the steroids were being gradually tapered, she developed a recurrence. The cycle of treatment-tapering-recurrence repeated itself such that nine episodes were noted within a span of 3 years. An exhaustive diagnostic work-up including infective and autoimmune blood tests, rheumatology assessment and COVID-19 conjunctival swabs and tear samples were done, and no underlying conditions or triggers could be identified, attributing ‘long COVID’ as the likely causative. Long COVID is the continuation or development of new symptoms after the initial COVID-19 infection, with no other explanation. It is estimated to affect nearly 65 million people worldwide, with >200 symptoms, involving different organ systems. The ocular manifestations of long COVID are less well-known.
Methylmalonic acidaemia masquerading as a neurodegenerative disorder
Authors: Diwan Nikita , Tripathi Shalini , Kumar Mala
Published: January 2025

We present the case of a toddler displaying neuroregression post-acute gastroenteritis, initially suggesting neurodegenerative disorders. Further investigations showed atypical results—neuroimaging was inconsistent with suspected disorders, while fundus evaluation, evoked potentials and nerve conduction velocity were normal. Specialised tests using gas chromatography mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry identified methylmalonic acidaemia (MMA), implicating abnormal neurometabolism. Early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment are essential. A low-protein diet suitable for MMA along with a syrup containing vitamin B12 and levocarnitine were prescribed. Notable developmental improvements were seen after 18 days of hospitalisation and up to 36 months of age, with no further regression. To date, only one case of MMA mimicking Rett syndrome, an atypical neurodegenerative variant, has been reported. This case highlights the diagnostic complexity of MMA, particularly when it mimics neurodegenerative disorders.
Identifying barriers and potential solutions to improve equitable access to community eye services: an exploratory sequential mixed methods study protocol
Authors: Allen Luke Nelson , Karanja Sarah , Gichangi Michael , Mishra Sailesh , Sabherwal Shalinder , Motlhatlhedi Keneilwe , Nkomazana Oathokwa , Macleod David , Kim Min , Ramke Jacqueline , Ratshaa Bakgaki , Tlhajoane Malebogo , Ho-Foster Ari , Tlhakanelo John , Bolster Nigel , Roshan Abhishek , Javed Mohd , Burton Matthew J , Bastawrous Andrew
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Access to care varies by sociodemographic group, with some groups facing higher barriers to care than others. This study will use novel methods to explore barriers and potential solutions as perceived by members of the population groups who are least able to access care. We aim to use rapid yet robust mixed methods that allow us to identify generalisable findings within each programme and testable service modifications to improve equitable access to care; delivering non-tokenistic findings within a matter of weeks.

Methods and analysis

This is a multiphased exploratory sequential mixed methods study. We will use the same approach in four different screening programmes, in Botswana, India, Kenya and Nepal. First, we will conduct interviews with people purposively selected from the sociodemographic subgroups with the lowest odds of accessing care within each programme. We will explore their perceptions of barriers and potential service modifications that could boost attendance at eye clinics among people from these ‘left-behind’ groups. We will use a deductive analytic matrix to facilitate the rapid analysis of qualitative data. Space will be made for the inductive identification of themes that are not necessarily captured in the framework. Sample size will be determined by thematic saturation. Next, we will conduct a survey with a representative sample of non-attenders from the same left-behind groups, asking them to rank each suggested service modification by likely impact. Finally, we will convene a multistakeholder workshop to assess each service modification based on ranking, likely impact, feasibility, cost and potential risks. The most promising service modifications will be implemented and evaluated in a follow-on randomised controlled trial, the methods for which will be reported elsewhere.

Ethics and dissemination

This project has been approved by independent research ethics committees in Botswana, Kenya, India, Nepal and the UK. We will disseminate our findings through local community advisory boards, national eye screening meetings, in peer-reviewed journals and at conferences.
Characteristics and publication status of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery trials registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, 2007–2024: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Peng Chuzhi , Jia Hongyan , Hu Jianping , Jiao Yonghong
Published: January 2025

Purpose

To investigate the characteristics and publication status of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) clinical trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov.

Design

A cross-sectional study.

Methods

All 1212 interventional glaucoma trials registered on ClinicalTrials.gov with start dates between 1 October 2007 and 30 April 2024 were included. All trials were categorised into ‘MIGS trials’ and ‘other interventional glaucoma trials’. Based on the anatomical site of action and the research content, MIGS trials were classified into different groups, and intergroup comparisons were conducted. The characteristics and publication status of MIGS trials were comprehensively analysed.

Results

Compared with all other interventional glaucoma trials, MIGS trials had a higher proportion of single-arm trials (p<0.001) and industry funding (p<0.001), but a lower proportion of randomisation and blinding (p<0.001). The majority of MIGS trials were not overseen by a Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) (71.4%) and enrolled fewer than 200 participants (85.2%). MIGS trials targeting Schlemm’s canal (SC) (60.2%) were significantly more prevalent than those targeting subconjunctival space (24.6%) and suprachoroidal/supraciliary space (15.3%). Trials focused on stand-alone MIGS (48.4%) or its combination with cataract surgery (32.0%) significantly outnumbered those investigating MIGS with other antiglaucoma surgeries (12.3%), MIGS with laser treatments (4.1%) and MIGS with medications (3.3%). A total of 34 MIGS trials (27.0%) published their results, of which 20 trials focused on stand-alone MIGS.

Conclusions

Most MIGS trials were industry-funded, non-randomised, non-blinded and not overseen by a DMC. Researchers tend to focus on stand-alone MIGS or its combination with cataract surgery. The efficacy and safety of MIGS targeting SC remain a prominent focus of the field. Currently, the publication rate of MIGS clinical trials is relatively low. It remains difficult for ophthalmologists to choose among different MIGS procedures. Overcoming the design limitations of trials will be essential for generating more robust evidence to guide clinical practice and policy decisions.
Evaluation of an online cardiometabolic and weight loss program: a mixed methods study
Authors: Dandeneau Dianna A. , Leon Silvia J. , Cameranesi Margherita , Alexiuk Mackenzie R. , Protudjer Jennifer L. P. , Bohm Clara J. , DiNella Michelle S. J. , Solmundson Carrie K. , Talson Melanie , Wang Haizhou , Whitlock Reid H. , Rigatto Claudio , Mollard Rebecca C.
Published: January 2025

Risk factors contributing to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) can be addressed through behavior modification, including changes in diet and physical activity. In 2021, The Wellness Institute (WI), located at Seven Oaks General Hospital, created a virtual cardiometabolic risk reduction program in response to COVID-19 pandemic public health restrictions, encompassing virtual health coaching and lifestyle education. The objective was to evaluate the acceptability, adherence, efficacy, and engagement of the WI online cardiometabolic and weight loss program. The study followed a mixed methods quasi-experimental design. A total of 93 participants enrolled. Quantitative measures including anthropometrics, blood chemistry, and lifestyle were assessed for changes via paired t tests at baseline and 16 weeks. Qualitatively, short answer questionnaires and three focus groups were completed to understand participants’ experiences and program acceptability. We combined qualitative and quantitative data for analysis. Seventy-three participants (64 females, 87.7%) completed the final study visit (age 58 ± 11 years, weight 98 ± 20.9 kg). Of those, 98% attended all coaching sessions, would recommend the program, and reported the coaching sessions helped them stay motivated. A reduction in weight (5 ± 9 kg, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (6 ± 10 mmHg, p < 0.001), and diastolic blood pressure (4 ± 8 mmHg, p < 0.001) were observed. Lifestyle factors also improved, including increases in physical activity ( p < 0.05). Most participants adhered to the program and found it acceptable. Completion was associated with an improvement in weight and blood pressure. These findings highlight the potential of virtual programming to contribute to improving lifestyle and health. Clinicaltrials.gov (ID# NCT04784624CT).
Framework of smart multi-purpose utility tunnel information modeling for lifecycle management
Authors: Alaghbandrad Ali , Hammad Amin
Published: January 2025

Multi-purpose utility tunnels (MUTs), as an alternative to buried and above-ground utilities, can accommodate multiple utilities, such as gas, water, and sewer pipes, and electrical and telecommunication cables. Despite MUTs’ advantages, their high initial construction cost and the need for coordination among utility companies hindered their wide usage. Building information modeling (BIM) can solve some of these problems by facilitating the design, construction, operation, and coordination of utility companies. However, BIM is mainly developed for buildings and extended to some civil structures. There is a lack of a comprehensive framework covering MUT components and information requirements for other use cases, and its integration with Geographic Information Systems and other technologies. This paper proposes an integrated framework for smart MUT information modeling (SMUTIM) by (1) gathering the information requirements for all the phases of lifecycle management, (2) analyzing the use cases of SMUTIM, and (3) extending the Industry Foundation Classes to SMUTIM. A case study demonstrates the benefits of the proposed framework.
Survival and growth of three boreal conifer species transplanted to warm sites: Implications for responses to global warming and extreme climatic events
Authors: Goto Susumu , Taneda Haruhiko , Hisamoto Yoko , Ujino-Ihara Tokuko , Hirao Toshihide
Published: January 2025

Understanding the responses of boreal conifers to climate change are essential for future mitigation and adaptation. In this study, three-year-old seedlings of three Japanese boreal conifers including Sakhalin fir, Yezo spruce, and Sakhalin spruce, naturally found in Hokkaido, Japan, were transplanted in spring 2016 to a cool control and two warm (air-dried interior and humid coastal) sites. We investigated survival, height, and ecophysiological traits based on three parameters: stable carbon isotope discrimination (δ13C), specific leaf area (SLA), and leaf mass specific nitrogen concentration (N) of seedlings during experiments. The survival rates of two spruce species were gradually significantly lower in warm sites, while that of Sakhalin fir did not significantly differ among sites. The relative growth rate (RGR) of two spruce species was significantly lower in the warm-interior site than in both cool control and warm-coastal sites in 2018, although in 2017 the RGR of two spruce species was lower in the warm sites than in cool control site. The less negative δ13C value in 2018 revealed that a vapor pressure deficit might decrease the spruces’ RGR via stoma closure in the warm-interior site. We found that Sakhalin fir would be less sensitive to climate change than two spruce species.
Phantom hairy black holes and wormholes in Einstein-bumblebee gravity
Authors: Ding Chikun , Liu Changqing , Xiao Yuehua , Chen Jun
Published: January 2025

In this paper we study Einstein-bumblebee gravity theory minimally coupled with external matter – a phantom/non-phantom (conventional) scalar field, and derive a series of hairy solutions – bumblebee-phantom (BP) and BP-dS/AdS black hole solutions, regular Ellis-bumblebee-phantom (EBP) and BP-AdS wormholes, etc. We first find that the Lorentz violation (LV) effect can change the so-called black hole no-hair theorem and these scalar fields can give a hair to a black hole. If LV coupling constant

$$\ell >-1$$

ℓ
>
-
1

, the phantom field is admissible and the conventional scalar field is forbidden; if

$$\ell <-1$$

ℓ
<
-
1

, the phantom field is forbidden and the conventional scalar field is admissible. By defining the Killing potential

$$\omega ^{ab}$$

ω

ab

, we study the Smarr formula and the first law for the BP black hole, find that the appearance of LV can improve the structure of these phantom hairy black holes – the conventional Smarr formula and the first law of black hole thermodynamics still hold; but for no LV case, i.e., the regular phantom black hole reported in (Phys Rev Lett 96:251101), the first law cannot be constructed at all. We also show there still exists a stable circular orbit around the BP black hole. When the bumblebee potential is linear, we find that the phantom potential and the Lagrange-multiplier

$$\lambda $$

λ

behave as a cosmological constant

$$\Lambda $$

Λ

.
Tautological classes and higher signatures
Authors: Ebert Johannes
Published: January 2025

For a bundle of oriented closed smooth [Formula: see text]-manifolds [Formula: see text], the tautological class [Formula: see text] is defined by fibre integration of the Hirzebruch class [Formula: see text] of the vertical tangent bundle. More generally, given a discrete group [Formula: see text], a class [Formula: see text] and a map [Formula: see text], one has tautological classes [Formula: see text] associated to the Novikov higher signatures.

For odd [Formula: see text], it is well-known that [Formula: see text] for all bundles with [Formula: see text]-dimensional fibres. The aim of this note is to show that the question whether more generally [Formula: see text] (for odd [Formula: see text]) depends sensitively on the group [Formula: see text] and the class [Formula: see text].

For example, given a nonzero cohomology class [Formula: see text] of a surface group, we show that always [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text], whereas sometimes [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text].

The vanishing theorem is obtained by a generalization of the index-theoretic proof that [Formula: see text], while the nontriviality theorem follows with little effort from the work of Galatius and Randal-Williams on diffeomorphism groups of even-dimensional manifolds.
Periodic and nilpotent values of generalized skew derivations on prime rings
Authors: Andaloro Milena , Scudo Giovanni
Published: January 2025

Let [Formula: see text] be a noncommutative prime ring, with [Formula: see text], and suppose that either [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be the right Martindale quotient ring of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] its extended centroid, [Formula: see text] a generalized skew derivation of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] fixed integers. If [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], then there exists [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text], for any [Formula: see text], unless when [Formula: see text] is periodic and [Formula: see text], the ring of all [Formula: see text] matrices over [Formula: see text].
Abnormality Detection Using Power Rising and Descending Signature (PRIDES)
Authors: Mahanta Ashish , Wang Haibo
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a new paradigm for abnormality detection using a novel power signature that characterizes the rising and descending patterns of energy consumption. The proposed methodology includes a low-overhead power signature generation circuit, computation-light analysis methods, and optimal generation of the golden signature used in the analysis. The proposed power signature generation circuit is designed using 90 nm CMOS technology, and its operation is validated via circuit simulations. The effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting the insertion of potentially malicious code is demonstrated with data obtained from hardware experiments and circuit simulations.
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling for Intermittent Computing
Authors: Maioli Andrea , Quinones Kevin Alessandro , Ahmed Saad , Alizai Muhammad Hamad , Mottola Luca
Published: January 2025

We present hardware/software techniques to intelligently regulate supply voltage and clock frequency of intermittently-computing devices. These devices rely on ambient energy harvesting to power their operation and small capacitors as energy buffers. Statically setting their clock frequency fails to capture the unique relations these devices expose between capacitor voltage, energy efficiency at a given operating frequency, and the corresponding operating range. Existing dynamic voltage and frequency scaling techniques are also largely inapplicable due to extreme energy scarcity and peculiar hardware features. We introduce two hardware/software co-designs that accommodate the distinct hardware features and function within a constrained energy envelope, offering varied trade-offs and functionalities. Our experimental evaluation combines tests on custom-manufactured hardware and detailed emulation experiments. The data gathered indicate that our approaches result in up to 3.75 × reduced energy consumption and 12 × swifter execution times compared to the considered baselines, all while utilizing smaller capacitors to accomplish identical workloads.
Do You Want Me?: Exploring Differences in Consumer Home Robot Preferences, Perceptions, and Purchase Intent
Authors: Randall Natasha , Šabanović Selma
Published: January 2025

While research in human-robot interaction is beginning to focus on the acceptance of domestic robots, there is little research on the potential adoption of these agents. Technology adoption is a complex phenomenon requiring not only positive perceptions of technology but also its value, along with product desire strong enough to lead to desired adoption behavior. Adoption of innovations also occurs in phases, from early adopters to mainstream consumers, then laggards. While the characteristics of technology early adopters generally have been researched extensively, there is no previous work that seeks to validate some of these variables for domestic robots specifically, and which draws from HRI research to further amend them. In this work, we determine how various consumer and robot characteristics affect assessments of home robot liking, privacy concerns, and purchasing intent. We find that five main consumer characteristics are associated with robot early adopters, and that surprisingly, income has a negative correlation with purchasing intent, specifically for the companion robot. We further compare predicted product liking to purchasing intent, showing that although robot acceptance is reasonably high for those in the mainstream, purchasing intent is low. For all market segments, perceptions of high price accounted for about 20-30% of the variance in intended purchasing, intended use 6-7%, belief in performance as advertised 4-6%, and design 3%. While privacy concerns were not influential to purchasing intentions held by early adopters, they were to mainstream users and laggards.