bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interactions Between Diurnal Warm Layers and Surface‐Layer Fronts
Authors: Peng Jen‐Ping , Jones Nicole L. , Rayson Matthew D. , Schmitt Mira , Umlauf Lars , Whitwell Christopher , Keating Shane R. , Shakespeare Callum J. , Ivey Gregory N.
Published: January 2025

Previous studies have highlighted the individual importance of diurnal warm layers (DWLs) and surface‐layer fronts within the surface boundary layer (SBL) in regulating energy, momentum, and gas exchange between the atmosphere and the ocean. This study investigates the interactions between DWLs and surface‐layer fronts using field observations and numerical turbulence models. Our study provides the real‐ocean relevance of the coexistence of DWLs and surface‐layer fronts in the SBL in an eddy‐rich tropical ocean subjected to intense solar heating and weak winds. We found that the presence of a DWL isolates the deeper layers of the SBL from diabatic and frictional surface forcing, causing these layers to quickly become non‐turbulent whereas remaining in a state of marginal stability. This condition suggests that small perturbations from local processes, such as internal tides and waves, can easily trigger instability and turbulence. Additionally, frontal dynamics were observed to deepen the SBL, allowing near‐surface diurnal shear associated with DWL dynamics to penetrate to greater depths during nighttime, compared to conditions without a front, thereby facilitating the vertical transport of heat and tracers. Our findings underscore the necessity of accurately representing the interactions between DWLs and surface‐layer fronts to enhance the precision of ocean circulation and climate models.
Run‐Away Transition to Turbulent Strong‐Field Dynamo
Authors: Guseva A. , Petitdemange L. , Tobias S. M.
Published: January 2025

Planets and stars are able to generate coherent large‐scale magnetic fields by helical convective motions in their interiors. This process, known as hydromagnetic dynamo, involves nonlinear interaction between the flow and the magnetic field. Nonlinearity facilitates existence of bi‐stable dynamo branches: a weak field branch where the magnetic field is not strong enough to enter into the leading order force balance in the momentum equation at large flow scales, and a strong field branch where the field enters into this balance. The transition between the two with enhancement of convection can be either subcritical or supercritical, depending on the strength of magnetic induction. In both cases, it is accompanied by topological changes in velocity field across the system; however, it is yet unclear how these changes are produced. In this work, we analyze transitions between the weak and strong dynamo regimes using a data‐driven approach, separating different physical effects induced by dynamically active flow scales. Using Dynamic Mode Decomposition, we decompose the dynamo data from direct numerical simulations into different components (modes), identify the ones relevant for transition, and estimate relative magnitudes of their contributions Lorentz force and induction term. Our results suggest that subcritical transition to a strong dynamo is facilitated by a subharmonic instability, allowing for a more efficient mode of convection, and provide a modal basis for reduced‐order models of this transition.
A Novel Blind Adaptive 3D Beam Steering Algorithm for Interference Mitigation and Performance Enhancement in Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Manai Hosni , Ben Hadj Slama Larbi , Bouallegue Ridha
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces an innovative blind adaptive 3D Beam steering algorithm designed to mitigate interference, ultimately improving the signal‐to‐interference and noise ratio (SINR) to enhance the overall performance of mMIMO (massive multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO)) networks. The proposed algorithm combines an optimized direction of arrival (DoA) estimation method with an inventive adaptive signal processing technique. To address the computational complexity associated with determining the 2D‐DoA of incoming signals, an improved RD‐MUSIC (Reduced Dimension ‐ MUltiple SIgnal Classification) estimator is proposed. This method streamlines the process into an efficient 1D search, significantly reducing computational overhead compared to conventional 2D‐MUSIC and minimizing noise, maintaining superior accuracy over the conventional RD‐MUSIC method. Leveraging the estimated 2D‐DoAs, the proposed adaptive signal processing technique integrates the Dolph‐Chebyshev weighting method with nulling constraints to calculate the optimal complex weig0hts necessary to accurately steer the main Beam toward the desired signal direction and create deep nulls in the directions of interfering signals, resulting in enhanced SINR. Compared to alternative algorithms, our approach demonstrates superior performance and offers an efficient solution without requiring a training signal or additional antenna elements. This is advantageous, particularly in environments with intense interference and high mobility, making it a promising candidate for future wireless systems.
MYSM1 attenuates osteoarthritis by recruiting PP2A to deubiquitinate and dephosphorylate RIPK2
Authors: Wei Kang , Zhou Chuankun , Shu Zixing , Shang Xingru , Zou Yi , Zhou Wei , Xu Huanhuan , Liang Yulin , Ma Tian , Sun Xuying , Xiao Jun
Published: January 2025

Osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent degenerative joint disease, is marked by cartilage degradation and pathological alterations in surrounding tissues. Currently, no effective disease-modifying treatments exist. This study aimed to elucidate the critical roles of Myb-like, SWIRM, and MPN domains 1 (MYSM1) and its downstream effector, Receptor-interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2), in OA pathogenesis and the underlying mechanisms. Our findings revealed reduced MYSM1 levels in the cartilage of OA patients and mouse models. Genetic or adenovirus-induced MYSM1 knockout exacerbated OA progression in mice, whereas MYSM1 overexpression mitigated it. Mechanistically, MYSM1 inhibited the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Conversely, downstream RIPK2 significantly increased OA-like phenotypes and activated the NF-κB and MAPK pathways. The Ripk2S176D mutation accelerated OA pathogenesis, while Ripk2 silencing or Ripk2S176A mutation deactivated NF-κB and MAPK pathways, counteracting the role of MYSM1. MYSM1 deubiquitinates and dephosphorylates RIPK2S176 by recruiting protein phosphatase 2 A (PP2A). These results suggest that targeting MYSM1 or downstream RIPK2 offers promising therapeutic potential for OA.
Receptor-binding proteins from animal viruses are broadly compatible with human cell entry factors
Authors: Dufloo Jérémy , Andreu-Moreno Iván , Moreno-García Jorge , Valero-Rello Ana , Sanjuán Rafael
Published: January 2025

Cross-species transmission of animal viruses poses a threat to human health. However, systematic experimental assessments of these risks remain scarce. A critical step in viral infection is cellular internalization mediated by viral receptor-binding proteins (RBPs). Here we constructed viral pseudotypes bearing the RBPs of 102 enveloped RNA viruses and assayed their infectivity across 5,202 RBP–cell combinations. This showed that most of the tested viruses have the potential to enter human cells. Pseudotype infectivity varied widely among the 14 viral families examined and was influenced by RBP characteristics, host of origin and target cell type. Cellular gene expression data revealed that the availability of specific cell-surface receptors is not necessarily the main factor limiting viral entry and that additional host factors must be considered. Altogether, these results suggest weak interspecies barriers in the early stages of infection and advance our understanding of the molecular interactions driving viral zoonosis.
Soil phosphorus stocks could prolong global reserves and improve water quality
Authors: McDowell R. W. , Haygarth P. M.
Published: January 2025

Combining existing databases, we estimated global phosphorus stocks in croplands and grasslands that are not readily available to plants as 32–41% of the 2020 estimated geologic phosphorus reserves, representing 146–186 years of the 2020 mass of phosphorus fertilizer applied annually. Especially if accessed by more efficient crops, this stock could reduce the need for additional fertilizer, improve water quality and contribute to all-round phosphorus sustainability.
Preliminary establishment and evaluation of a rapid detection method for GII human norovirus based on time-resolved fluorescence chromatography
Authors: Wang Kebei , Li Min , Yin Chaofan , Cheng Lei , Li Fang , Zuo Lei , Wang Xiaojun , Wang Xudong , Wang Yunlong
Published: January 2025

The linear relationship of Nov GII VP1 protein in the range of 2.5–320 ng mL−1 was Y = 0.6784X − 1.1443, R2 = 0.9935 and the lowest limit of detection was 0.61 ng mL−1.
Synthesis of rod-like metal–organic framework materials as an electrochemical aptamer sensor for sensitive detection of tetracycline
Authors: Luo Yuting , Sun Yiwei , Wang Haoxiang , He Yuyang , Lu Mengqi , Wang Ruoyu , Xu Dongpo
Published: January 2025

Due to the wide application of tetracycline (TC), there will be residues in human food consumed daily.
Constructing conical helices inside carbon nanocones
Authors: Yin Yuliang , Yu Qinzheng , Fu Hongjin , Li Yunfang
Published: January 2025

Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that regular conical helices of poly(para-phenylene) (PPP) chains can be constructed inside the confined space of single-walled carbon nanocones (CNCs).
Thermoelectric properties of the low-spin lanthanide cobalate perovskites LaCoO3, PrCoO3, and NdCoO3 from first-principles calculations
Authors: Khan Alveena Z. , Flitcroft Joseph M. , Skelton Jonathan M.
Published: January 2025

We predict the thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of the lanthanide cobalates LaCoO3, PrCoO3 and NdCoO3, and show that these materials could be novel high-performance oxide TEs if the thermal spin crossover can be suppressed with n-type doping.
Metallic PtC monolayer as a promising hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst
Authors: Lou Huan , Ma Chi
Published: January 2025

Reasonable design of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts with low Pt loading and excellent catalytic performance is a key challenge in finding efficient and cost attractive catalysts.
A study on indolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazole donor-based dye-sensitized solar cells and effects from addition of auxiliary donors
Authors: Dua Harkishan , Paul Debolina , Sarkar Utpal
Published: January 2025

Density functional theory has been employed to study indolo[3,2,1-jk]carbazole donor-based dyes, incorporating one and two units of 2,4-dimethoxybenzene auxiliary donors.
Metal–organic frameworks for the separation of xylene isomers
Authors: Xu Ming , Tang Wen-Qi , Meng Sha-Sha , Gu Zhi-Yuan
Published: January 2025

This review summarizes the recent progress in employing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as efficient separators for xylene isomers.
Solvent induced self-assembly of a dinuclear Eu(iii) helicate and emergent strong CPL
Authors: Wang Xinglu , Ma Qing , Yin Sen , Gao Ting , Yan Pengfei , Zhou Yanyan , Li Hongfeng
Published: January 2025

The assembly shows the structural transformation from a multiple species mixture Eu2(LR)2n to a helicate Eu2(LR)4 upon increasing the content of CHCl3 in CH3CN, which was accompanied by an enhanced CPL activity.
Ordered interface regulation at Zn electrodes induced by trace gum additives for high-performance aqueous batteries
Authors: Wang Kuo , Zhan Hongtu , Su Wenlong , Liu Xiao-Xia , Sun Xiaoqi
Published: January 2025

A macromolecule additive strategy is presented as a dual deceleration interfacial network to regulate Zn deposition behavior and inhibit side reactions. It enables the stable cycling of Zn electrodes in aqueous batteries.
Photodegradation of typical psychotropic drugs in the aquatic environment: a critical review
Authors: Wang Chuanguang , Guo Ruonan , Guo Changsheng , Yin Hailong , Xu Jian
Published: January 2025

An overview of the photodegradation of psychotropic drugs in the aquatic environment.
Industrial ultra-low-carbon methanol synthesis routes: techno-economic analysis, life cycle environment assessment and multi-dimensional sustainability evaluation
Authors: Zhang Dongrui , Wang Ruqiang , Zhang Zhibo , Yan Hao , Zhou Xin , Zhao Hui , Yang Chaohe
Published: January 2025

The GH2-CTM process and BTM process we proposed have excellent technical-economic-environmental performance, addressing the issues of high energy consumption and high carbon emissions associated with traditional CTM process.
Electrochemically enabled synthesis of multi-substituted pyrazoles via a radical cyclization cascade
Authors: Wei Wan-Jie , Zeng Yan-Qing , Liang Xian-Feng , Cui Fei-Hu , Wang Mao-Rui , Pan Ying-Ming , Duan Wen-Gui , Tang Hai-Tao
Published: January 2025

We have developed a mild and efficient electrochemical reduction approach employing aryl diazonium salts as dual synthons to synthesize valuable multi-substituted pyrazoles for the first time.
An all-in-one microfluidic cryopreservation system and protocols with gradually increasing CPA concentration
Authors: Yang Tianhang , Lv Xinbei , Bai Yuqiao , Jiang Huabin , Chang Xiaoran , Wang Jinxian , Luo Gangyin
Published: January 2025

All-in-one microfluidic cryopreservation system.
Synthesis of aryl esters using carboxylic acids, triarylphosphites, and N-iodosuccinimide
Authors: Acharya Sandhya , Jha Dhiraj K. , Torres Marc , Chapa Samantha , Ravi Anshuman , Mathew Rishi , Zhao John C.-G.
Published: January 2025

The direct synthesis of aryl esters from carboxylic acids has been achieved in good yields by using triarylphosphites and N-iodosuccinimide in chlorobenzene under neutral reaction conditions.
Utilizing Ulva linza as eco-friendly biogenic synthesis approach of gold nanoparticles for reduction of 4-nitrophenol and degradation of dyes in wastewater
Authors: Wang Lijun , Qiang Xi , Huan Li , Wang Xulei , Gu Wenhui , Niu Jianfeng , Fan Quancheng , Wang Guangce
Published: January 2025

Green tide algae Ulva linza were used to biosynthesize Au@UL NPs, which demonstrated excellent catalytic activity for reducing 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and high efficiency in dye decolorization.
Switchable adsorption/desorption bisphenol A and its derivatives by allyl-β-cyclodextrin functionalized intelligent molecularly imprinted polymer membrane
Authors: Xie Wenzheng , Ning Kangping , Chen Zhipeng , Xia Jingwen , Azat Seitkhan , Liu Wei , Hu Xiaoya , Xu Qin
Published: January 2025

A-β-cyclodextrin functionalized molecularly imprinted membranes (A-β-CDMIMs) provide a selective, efficient, and recyclable approach for removing bisphenol A (BPA) from water.
Defect-assisted surface modification of a g-C3N4@WC heterostructure for tetracycline degradation: DFT calculations, degradation pathways, and nematode-based ecological assessment
Authors: Mariappan Athibala , Thiruppathi Govindhan , Bharath Govindan , Sundararaj Palanisamy , Dharman Ranjith Kumar , Oh Tae Hwan
Published: January 2025

A carbon vacancy enriched gC3N4@WC heterostructure was prepared as a visible light photocatalyst for the effective removal of TC pollutants.
Improved performances toward electrochemical carbon dioxide and oxygen reductions by iron-doped stannum nanoparticles
Authors: Zhu Jiangtao , Zhang Quan , Wang Caiyun , Feng Yanhong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Qi Gaocan , Kang Lian , Luo Jun , Liu Xijun
Published: January 2025

We have designed a catalyst that can efficiently convert CO2 into CO through Zn–CO2 batteries and the electrochemical CO2RR, addressing both energy conversion and environmental concerns simultaneously.
Enhanced lithographic performance of polymer-bound PAG photoresists synthesized via RAFT polymerization
Authors: Qin Nan , Li Na , Gao Xiang
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of PAG bound polymer photoresist resin via RAFT polymerization can effectively resolve many issues associated with the blending of PAG and resin.
Laser-induced graphene functionalized cationic porphyrin: fabrication, characterization, and intra-supramolecular electron transfer process
Authors: Mousa Karim , Abd El-Moneim Ahmed , El-Mashtoly Samir F. , Mohamed Mohamed Mokhtar , El-Khouly Mohamed E.
Published: January 2025

We report herein the efficient electron transfers of a novel light-harvesting composed of laser-induced graphene functionalized with the photo-active 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-trimethylammoniophenyl) porphyrin tetra (p-toluenesulfonate) dye.
Monodisperse oligo(ε-caprolactones) with terpenes and alkyl end-groups: synthesis, isolation, characterization, and antibacterial activity
Authors: Ortiz-Aldaco María Guadalupe , Estévez Miriam , España-Sánchez Beatriz Liliana , Bonilla-Cruz José , Rodríguez-deLeón Eloy , Báez José E.
Published: January 2025

A systematic study of monodisperse oligoesters derived from ε-caprolactone with terpene and alkyl terminal groups showing antibacterial activity.
Phage probes couple to DNA relaxation dynamics to reveal universal behavior across scales and regimes
Authors: Safi Samghabadi Farshad , Marfai Juexin , Cueva Camyla , Aporvari Mehdi , Neill Philip , Chabi Maede , Robertson-Anderson Rae M. , Conrad Jacinta C.
Published: January 2025

M13 phage are a novel microrheological probe that are sensitive to polymer relaxations, capturing DNA dynamics and revealing universal scaling behaviors across the unentangled and entangled regimes.
Non-ionic surfactant self-assembly in calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and related salts
Authors: Zahid Yashfeen , Li Yizhen , Dag Ömer , Warr Gregory G. , Albayrak Cemal
Published: January 2025

Self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules can take place in extremely concentrated salt solutions, such as inorganic molten salt hydrates or hydrous melts.
Improving nitrate-to-ammonia conversion efficiency on electrodeposited nickel phosphide via surface δ-FeOOH modification
Authors: Silva Anelisse B. , Reis Eduardo A. , Hu Jiajun , Albero Josep , Ribeiro Caue , Mascaro Lucia H. , García Hermenegildo
Published: January 2025

Integrating δ-FeOOH with Ni3P through van der Waals forces enhances the selectivity and stability of nitrate-to-ammonia conversion. Improved stabilization of reaction intermediates leads to better electrochemical performance.
Single-molecule quantification of photoredox activities and dynamics at the nanoscale on multi-faceted 2D materials
Authors: Wu Shuyang , Lee Jinn-Kye , Ma Mingyu , Chan Jia Xin , Zhang Zhengyang
Published: January 2025

In situ single-molecule fluorescence microscopy is used to quantify the photoredox activities of BiOBr nanoplates at nanometer resolution, which deepens the understanding of facet-dependent and structure-specific catalytic dynamics of 2D materials.
Ferroelectric switching driven photocatalytic overall water splitting in the As/In2Se3 heterostructure
Authors: Xiong Rui , Zhang Lili , Wen Cuilian , Anpo Masakazu , Ang Yee Sin , Sa Baisheng
Published: January 2025

The photocatalytic overall water splitting can be achieved in the As/In2Se3 vdW heterostructure by regulating the polarization direction of the In2Se3 layer.
Red/deep-red fluorophores based on benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene 1,1,5,5-tetraoxide for high-performance solution-processed OLEDs
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , Yu Zifan , Li Meijing , Zhen Shijie
Published: January 2025

The doped OLEDs with a noticeable Lmax of 13 092 cd m−2 and EQEmax of 5.83% are achieved by constructing a donor–acceptor molecular skeleton.
Simulation of weak electron beam injection into plasma with open boundary conditions
Authors: Annenkov Vladimir
Published: January 2025

Context. Different high-energy events lead to the generation of electron beams in the solar atmosphere as well as in planetary magnetospheres. The propagation of these beams through space plasma becomes a main source of non-thermal emission, primarily on the harmonics of the fundamental plasma frequency. Due to the high level of non-linearity and the complexity of such systems, theoretical studies of them are largely based on numerical simulations. However, it is still common practice to use a simplified model in which periodic boundary conditions for fields and particles are used to simulate an infinite plasma.

Aims. In this work, the first attempt at high-resolution studies of the dynamics of a weak beam in space plasma using a model with open boundary conditions is reported. The general results of the simulations are compared with those obtained previously using the approximation of infinite plasma.

Methods. The continuous injection of an electron beam with an average velocity of vb = 0.25c (c – speed of light) and a relative density of nb/n0 = 5 ⋅ 10−4 (n0 – plasma density) into an unmagnetised plasma was simulated in a quasi-1D approximation using a collisionless electromagnetic particle-in-cell code. The background plasma was initially homogeneous and consisted of electrons and protons with the real mass ratio. The total simulation time was 10 000 ωp0−1, where ωp0 is the Langmuir frequency for the given n0.

Results. The present simulations demonstrate the formation of a spatially localised Langmuir turbulence in the close vicinity of the beam injection site. The continuous injection of fresh beam particles increases the amplitude of the plasma waves to values larger than those possible when simulating the same parameters in a simplified model. Plasma waves in this region turn out to be unstable against the modulation instability, so the formation of density wells followed by plasma wave trapping is observed. Some of the beam particles are significantly accelerated by previously arisen plasma waves. On average, only 10% of the beam energy gets lost in the system, but the distribution function is transformed into a flat-top form with a supra-thermal tail.

Conclusions. The obtained results demonstrate several significant differences from the results of simulations using the approximation of infinite plasma. This fact emphasises the importance of using of a more realistic model for simulations of beam-plasma systems. In addition, using the model with open boundaries, in contrast to the simplified model, will allow us to correctly investigate the influence of not only random gradients of the plasma parameters, but also regular ones.
Do the Antenatal Care and Perinatal Outcomes of Women with a Vietnamese Migration Background Differ from Those of Other Women?
Authors: Lorenz-Meyer Lisa Antonia , Sziborra Clara , Henrich Wolfgang , David Matthias
Published: January 2025

In Germany, 0.25% of the total population are persons with a Vietnamese migration background. There are almost no studies on this particular group of immigrants. We compared the perinatal data of women with a Vietnamese migration background with the pregnancy outcomes of non-Vietnamese women also living in Germany.

After using name analysis to allocate women into different groups, the perinatal data of women with a Vietnamese migration background who gave birth between 1.1.2016 and 31.12.2019 in Campus Charité Mitte in Berlin were retrospectively evaluated. These data were compared in a 3:1 ratio with the data of women of non-Vietnamese origin and the same age and parity. Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine factors which influenced caesarean section rates, the transfer rates of neonates to the neonatal department, and the rates of higher degree perineal tears.

The perinatal data of 470 women with a Vietnamese migration background, 209 (44.5%) of whom were registered as living in a refugee shelter, were compared with those of 1410 controls. An “ideal pregnancy outcome,” which included giving birth after 37 + 0 weeks of gestation, a 5-minute Apgar score ≥ 8, arterial cord blood pH ≥ 7.20, no transfer of the newborn to the neonatal department, and spontaneous birth or vacuum extraction without a higher degree perineal tear, was recorded for 44.5% of women with and 38.1% of women without a Vietnamese migration background (p = 0.1), despite the lower attendance rates at antenatal screening appointments of Vietnamese women. Accommodation in a shelter for refugees was a protective factor against caesarean section (OR 0.5, 95% CI: 0.36–0.73) and transfer of the newborn to the neonatal department (OR 0.45, 95% CI: 0.23–0.89). A Vietnamese migration background was a risk factor for a third-degree perineal tear (OR 5.4, 95% CI:
1.4–21.30)

Despite lower levels of antenatal care, women with a Vietnamese migration background did not have poorer pregnancy outcomes.
EUS-guided gallbladder drainage vs dual stent transpapillary gallbladder drainage for management of acute cholecystitis
Authors: Amin Dhruval , Rau Prashanth , Cooper Katherine M. , Sayegh Lea , Mostafa Nouran , Achebe Ikechukwu , DeVore Zachary , Gonzalez Daniella , Stephanie Stephanie , Zivny Jaroslav , Mehta Savant , Marshall Christopher , Nasser-Ghodsi Navine , Storm Andrew C , Marya Neil B.
Published: January 2025

Cholecystectomy (CCY) is the standard treatment for acute cholecystitis. For non-surgical patients, percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (PT-GBD) is recommended but is associated with high readmission rates and poor quality of life. Endoscopic gallbladder decompression techniques, including endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (ET-GBD) and endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD), are alternatives. Studies comparing ET-GBD and EUS-GBD have shown EUS-GBD to have superior outcomes. However, these studies assessed ET-GBD mostly via single transcystic stent placement (SSET-GBD). This study aimed to compare outcomes of dual transcystic stents (DSET-GBD) and EUS-GBD in non-surgical candidates with acute cholecystitis.

A multicenter analysis was conducted on patients who underwent ET-GBD or EUS-GBD between January 2019 and January 2023. Data were extracted from electronic medical records and outcomes including technical success, success, adverse events (AEs), and recurrence rates of cholecystitis were measured.

Of 129 procedures (56 EUS-GBD; 73 ET-GBD), technical success was achieved in 87.5% of EUS-GBD and 86.3% of ET-GBD attempts. Immediate clinical success was achieved in 98.1% for EUS-GBD and 100% for DSET-GBD. AE rates were similar between the groups. Recurrent cholecystitis rates were 5.3% for EUS-GBD and 8.2% for DSET-GBD (P = 0.692).

This study demonstrates that DSET-GBD has similarly low rates of recurrent acute cholecystitis compared with EUS-GBD. DSET-GBD should be considered as an alternative management strategy for management of acute cholecystitis in patients who are unable to undergo CCY.
Endoscopic Ultrasound Gastroenterostomy versus Duodenal Stenting for Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A Cost-Effectiveness Study
Authors: Ramai Daryl , Nelson Richard , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Ofosu Andrew , Fang John C
Published: January 2025

Background
Enteral stenting has been traditionally employed for managing malignant gastric outlet obstruction. However, concerns regarding high reintervention rates have brought into question its cost-effectiveness.
Endoscopic ultrasound–guided gastroenterostomy (EUS-GE) with a lumen-apposing metal stent (LAMS) provides an alternative to luminal stenting. The goal of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of EUS-GE relative to duodenal stenting.

Methods
A decision analysis was performed to analyze costs and survival in patients with unresectable or metastatic gastric outlet obstruction. The model was designed with two treatment arms: self-expanding metal stent (SEMS) placement and EUS-GE with LAMS. Costs were derived from Medicare reimbursement rates (US$) while effectiveness was measured by quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). The primary outcome measure was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER). Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed.

Results
Endoscopic stenting resulted in an average cost of $22,748 and 0.31 QALYs while EUS-GE cost $32,254 and yielded 0.53 QALYs which yielded a difference of $9,507 in cost and 0.23 in QALY. EUS-GE was found to be a cost-effective strategy over duodenal stenting (ICER, $41994/QALY) at a willingness-to-pay (WTP) of $100,000/QALY. In 10,000 Monte-Carlo simulations, EUS-GE was favored 62% of the time. Using a tornado diagram, the model was most sensitive to the probability of mortality in patients with duodenal stents compared with EUS-GE.

Conclusions
In patients with malignant gastric outlet obstruction, EUS-GE is a cost-effective palliative intervention compared to duodenal stenting.
‘The Good Place’: investigating the social responsibility image of countries and its impact on the attractiveness of highly skilled workers
Authors: Fona Cristina , Melewar T. C. , Dennis Charles , Dinnie Keith
Published: January 2025

This article aims to bridge the gap between corporate social responsibility and place branding literature by (1) examining the nature and dimensions of the social responsibility image of countries (SRIC), (2) developing a scale for SRIC and (3) measuring its impact on nation brand identification and intention to apply for a job. Leveraging social identity theory, associative network theory and selection–attraction–attrition theory, the study employs a mixed method approach comprising semi-structured interviews, focus groups and a survey with UK and Italian highly skilled workers. Findings reveal the complexity of this multidimensional concept which integrates economic, ethical and environmental factors. SRIC exerts a significant impact on both nation brand identification and intention to apply for a job vacancy. Based on the results, organisations and governments interested in luring the best candidates should work in partnership to develop adequate programmes and a consistent narrative that highlight economic, ethical and environmental responsibilities of the place.
Counterintuitive finding shows that fillers can change composite materials strength and stiffness non-monotonically
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: January 2025

Simulations suggest a ‘filler-removal’ protocol that can characterize, design, and tune the mechanics of soft gels.
Examining surface contact impacts of air-droppable underwater gliders
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: January 2025

A better understanding of entry dynamics may inform improved vehicle design and deployment
How does the number of wings on a seed affect spin as it falls?
Authors: Daniel Hannah
Published: January 2025

Fewer wings on seeds cause larger descending velocities and spinning rates.
Instabilities of speaker-wire vortices in katabatic Prandtl slope flows
Authors: Xiao Cheng-Nian , Senocak Inanc
Published: January 2025

Stationary counter-rotating longitudinal vortex pairs emerge from one-dimensional Prandtl slope flows under katabatic as well as anabatic conditions due to a linear instability when the imposed surface heat flux magnitude is sufficiently strong relative to the stable ambient stratification. For anabatic flows, these vortex pairs have been named speaker-wire vortices due to their unique topology and coherent dynamics. Under katabatic conditions and at the constant Prandtl number Pr=0.71, we find that the longitudinal vortices emerging at a range of slope angles possess a topology similar to the speaker-wire vortices in anabatic slope flows, while at the same time possessing unique differences in their dynamics. We establish the existence of both fundamental and subharmonic secondary instabilities of katabatic speaker-wire vortices depending on the slope angle for the most likely transverse base flow wavelength. Our results indicate that the dominant instability shifts from a fundamental to subharmonic mode with increasing slope angle. At shallow slopes, this dynamic contrast with the speaker-wire vortices in anabatic slope flows at the same angle for which the subharmonic instability is clearly dominant. These modes are responsible for the bending and movement of single or multiple speaker-wire vortices, which may merge or reconnect to lead to dynamically more unstable states, eventually leading to transition toward turbulence. We demonstrate that at sufficiently steep slopes, the dynamics of these vortex pairs is dominated by long-wave reconnections or two-dimensional mergers between adjacent pairs.
Tunable phase behaviors of diblock copolyelectrolytes under alternating electric fields: A coarse-grained molecular dynamics study
Authors: Huo Haiyang , Zhao Wanchen , Duan Xiaozheng , Sun Zhao-Yan
Published: January 2025

Diblock copolyelectrolytes have significant potential in applications such as solid-state single-ion conductors, but precisely controlling their nanostructures for efficient ion transport remains a challenge. In this study, we explore the phase behavior and microphase transitions of AX BY-type diblock copolyelectrolytes under alternating electric fields using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations. We systematically investigate the effects of various electric field features, including unipolar and bipolar square-waves, as well as offset and non-offset sine-waves, focusing on how field strength and period influence the self-assembling morphology of the copolyelectrolytes. Under unipolar square-waves, both the lamellar and cylindrical phase regions expand, while the disordered phase regions shrink as the field strength increases. In contrast, bipolar square-waves maintain lamellar structures more robustly, with reversed stretching behavior observed in the polymer chains. As the electric field period exceeds a critical value, both waveforms converge with the results seen under constant electric fields. In addition, sine-waves induce smoother phase transitions, expanding the ordered phase regions, particularly the cylindrical phase, due to continuous field variation. We further examine the detailed structural and dynamic properties, such as mean-square displacement, polymer conformation, and chain orientation during these transitions. This work provides fundamental insights into the structural regulation of diblock copolyelectrolytes under oscillating electric fields, guiding the design of advanced polymeric electrolytes with tailored nanostructures.
Aerodynamic forces and flows around a wall-mounted body in typhoon boundary layers
Authors: Huang Guoshuo , Song Baiyang , Wu Haokai , Duong Viet Dung , Zhou Dai , Cao Yong
Published: January 2025

Flows around finite wall-mounted cylinders (FWMC) were studied primarily under thin or thick boundary layers (BLs) within normal wind environments. The aerodynamic forces and flow dynamics of FWMCs under typhoon BLs remain unexplored. Therefore, this study systematically investigates the variations in aerodynamic characteristics under both normal wind and typhoon BLs with an abundant thickness at a high Reynolds number of 3.9×104. Wall-resolved large-eddy simulation is employed to simulate high-resolution flows around the FWMC. The results reveal that aerodynamic forces exhibit increased values under typhoon BLs, driven by increased turbulence intensity and length scale. Flow reattachment occurs on both sides of the cylinder under typhoon conditions, which enhances the spatial correlation of Kármán vortices. The compressive effect of Kármán vortices reduces downwash effects and reinforces the two-dimensional characteristics of the flow field. In the wake region, vortex scale diminishes more rapidly during typhoon conditions compared to normal wind. Additionally, the time-averaged flow structures indicate smaller and weaker dipole structures under typhoon conditions, attributed to disruptions in the shedding process of coherent structures. These findings are expected to improve understanding of structures under extreme climate conditions.
Gradient magnetic field-driven ferrofluid pipe flows with pressure regulation, a model for a ferrofluid pump
Authors: Yang Wenming , Han Bo , Yang Xiaolong
Published: January 2025

The idea of ferrofluid pumping in pipes is extended to scenarios where a uniform magnetic field gradient is employed, yet without a pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the pipe. The governing equations, including the phenomenological magnetization equation for ferrofluid pipe flow, are solved by a custom-developed OpenFOAM solver. After the validation of this solver, ferrofluid pipe flows under the application of a magnetic field gradient are numerically predicted. The findings reveal that both pumping volume and pressure distribution can be adjusted by varying the reference magnetic field intensity and field gradient. A stronger reference magnetic field and a steeper field gradient result in higher flow rates and accelerated pressure increases along the field gradient direction. In a circular tube with a radius of 1 mm, when the dimensionless magnetic field gradient is 0.1 and the magnetic Reynolds number is 1000, the maximum velocity can attain 10.2 μm/s, the flow rate can reach 0.016 μL/s, and the equivalent average pressure gradient achieves 0.15 Pa/s. Notably, in a gradient magnetic field, the effective viscosity of a ferrofluid flowing in a pipe can be significantly reduced, achieving approximately 70% of its intrinsic viscosity in this study. These promising results lay the groundwork for the design of ferrohydrodynamic pumps that harness the potential of constant magnetic fields.
Enhancing the productivity and resilience of rice (Oryza sativa) under environmental stress conditions using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) technology
Authors: Riaz Aamir , Uzair Muhammad , Raza Ali , Inam Safeena , Iqbal Rashid , Jameel Saima , Bibi Bushra , Khan Muhammad Ramzan
Published: January 2025

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a crucial staple crop worldwide, providing nutrition to more than half of the global population. Nonetheless, the sustainability of grain production is increasingly jeopardized by both biotic and abiotic stressors exacerbated by climate change, which increases the crop’s rvulnerability to pests and diseases. Genome-editing by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated Protein 9 (CRISPR-Cas9) presents a potential solution for enhancing rice productivity and resilience under climatic stress. This technology can alter a plant’s genetic components without the introduction of foreign DNA or genes. It has become one of the most extensively used approaches for discovering new gene functions and creating novel varieties that exhibit a higher tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stresses, herbicide resistance, and improved yield production. This study examines numerous CRISPR-Cas9-based genome-editing techniques for gene knockout, gene knock-in, multiplexing for simultaneous disruption of multiple genes, base-editing, and prime-editing. This review elucidates the application of genome-editing technologies to enhance rice production by directly targeting yield-related genes or indirectly modulating numerous abiotic and biotic stress-responsive genes. We highlight the need to integrate genetic advancements with conventional and advanced agricultural methods to create rice varieties that are resilient to stresses, thereby safeguarding food security and promoting agricultural sustainability amid climatic concerns.
Efficiency of telerehabilitation on subacute stroke ambulation: a matched case-control study
Authors: García-Rudolph Alejandro , Wright Mark Andrew , Teixidó Claudia , Opisso Eloy , Cedersund Gunnar , Medina Josep
Published: January 2025

Background Stroke now represents the condition with the highest need for physical rehabilitation worldwide, with only low or moderate-level evidence testing telerehabilitation compared to in-person care. We compared functional ambulation in subacute patients with stroke following telerehabilitation and matched in-person controls with no biopsychosocial differences at baseline. Methods We conducted a matched case-control study to compare functional ambulation between individuals with stroke following telerehabilitation and in-person rehabilitation, assessed using the Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC) and the Functional Independence Measure™ (FIM). Results The telerehabilitation group (n = 38) achieved significantly higher FAC gains (1.5 (1.3) vs 1.0 (1.0)) than the in-person rehabilitation group, with no differences in ambulation efficiency, in individuals: admitted to rehabilitation within 60 days after stroke onset; aged 49.8 (±11.4) years at admission; 55.3% female sex; moderate stroke severity; 42.1% with ‘good’ motor FIM at baseline; mostly living with sentimental partner (73.7%); with 21.1% holding an university education degree. Conclusions The groups showed no significant differences in ambulation efficiency, though the telerehabilitation group achieved higher FAC gains. Our results suggest that home telerehabilitation can be considered a good alternative to in-person rehabilitation when addressing ambulation in patients with moderate stroke severity and whose home situation mostly includes a cohabiting partner.
PhiSiCal-Checkup: A Bayesian framework to validate amino acid conformations within experimental protein structures
Authors: Amarasinghe Piyumi R. , Allison Lloyd , Morton Craig J. , Stuckey Peter J. , Garcia de la Banda Maria , Lesk Arthur M. , Konagurthu Arun S.
Published: January 2025

As structural biology and drug discovery depend on high-quality protein structures, assessment tools are essential. We describe a new method for validating amino-acid conformations: “PhiSiCal (

ϕ
ψ
χ

al) Checkup.” Twenty new joint probability distributions in the form of statistical mixture models explain the empirical distributions of dihedral angles

ω
,
ϕ
,
ψ
,

χ
1

,

χ
2

,
…

of canonical amino acids in experimental protein structures. Marginal and conditional probability distributions for subsets of dihedral angles are derived from these joint mixture models. Together, these distributions are employed to measure rapidly the information-theoretic “favorability” of any proposed experimental protein structure. The inferred statistical models and measures overcome several shortcomings and afford improvements over the current state of the art in amino-acid conformation verification. Experimental comparisons are made against current protein conformation verification software. In a number of examples, we pick up outliers that are invisible to current methods. We also calculate, as part of verification, the sensitivity of favorability to small changes in a proposed structure accounting for the precision of coordinates. In some cases a near neighbor of a proposed amino-acid conformation may be either less or more favorable. This raises the question, is the current reliance on fixed “thresholds” for validation a good thing? PhiSiCal-Checkup is freely available for online and offline (open-source) use from
https://lcb.infotech.monash.edu.au/phisical/checkup
.
Affinity maturation endows potent activity onto class 6 SARS-CoV-2 broadly neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Mazigi Ohan , Langley David B. , Henry Jake Y. , Burnett Deborah L. , Sobti Meghna , Walker Gregory J. , Rouet Romain , Balachandran Harikrishnan , Lenthall Helen , Jackson Jennifer , Ubiparipovic Stephanie , Schofield Peter , Brown Simon H. J. , Schulz Sebastian R. , Hoffmann Markus , Pöhlmann Stefan , Post Jeffrey , Martinello Marianne , Ahlenstiel Golo , Kelleher Anthony , Rawlinson William D. , Turville Stuart G. , Bull Rowena A. , Stewart Alastair G. , Jäck Hans-Martin , Goodnow Christopher C. , Christ Daniel
Published: January 2025

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) has greatly diminished the neutralizing activity of previously FDA-approved monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), including that of antibody cocktails and of first-generation broadly neutralizing antibodies such as S309 (Sotrovimab). In contrast, antibodies targeting cryptic conformational epitopes of the receptor binding domain (RBD) have demonstrated broad activity against emerging variants, but exert only moderate neutralizing activity, which has so far hindered clinical development. Here, we utilize in vitro display technology to identify and affinity-mature antibodies targeting the cryptic class 6 epitope, accessible only in the “up” conformation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer. Increasing antibody affinity into the low picomolar range endowed potent neutralization of VOCs and protection of hACE2 mice from viral challenge. Cryoelectron microscopy and crystal structures of two affinity-matured antibodies (4C12-B12 and 4G1-C2) in complex with RBD highlighted binding modes and epitopes distal from mutational hotspots commonly overserved in VOCs, providing direct structural insights into the observed mutational resistance. Moreover, we further demonstrate that antibodies targeting the class 6 epitope, rather than being an artifact of in vitro selection, are common in the IgG1
+
memory B cell repertoire of convalescent patients and can be induced in human antibody V-gene transgenic mice through immunization. Our results highlight the importance of very high (picomolar) affinity in the development of neutralizing antibodies and vaccines and suggest an affinity threshold in the provision of broad and long-lasting immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
Characterizing optical behavior of automotive metal flake-pigmented coating systems using reflectance transformation imaging
Authors: Fashandi Sajjad , Ansari Keivan , Mohseni Mohsen , Yahyaei Hossein , Mansouri Alamin
Published: January 2025

Metal flake-pigmented coatings are widely appreciated for their eye-catching appearance, and understanding their physical and optical properties is crucial for the automotive coatings industry. The metal flakes loaded in these coatings are optically anisotropic, with their sparkle change based on illumination and viewing angles. These tiny micro-mirrors exhibit various local angular reflections (LARni), and it is interesting to characterize their type-dependent optical behavior. In this study, we employed a reflectance transformation imaging (RTI) system to quantify the mean local angular reflectance (M-LARe) index of metal flakes in automotive metallic coatings. We first captured multi-light image collections (MLICs) from seven automotive metal flake-pigmented coatings, followed by a series of processing steps to extract the flakes’ LARni. The extracted LARni were then normalized, both radiometrically and geometrically, and used to compute the proposed type-dependent index, which is independent of the device and flake size and orientation. Finally, the M-LARe index histograms of the coatings were derived, and the seven samples were ranked according to their reflective capacity. We also observed a meaningful dependency between the mean value of the proposed M-LARe indices for each sample and its sparkle grade at 15°. Potential uncertainties, such as resin type, coating thickness, and metal flake count, were also acknowledged.
Quasi-Wronskian solitons in the non-commutative kuralay-IIA equation: analysis and simulations
Authors: Riaz H W A
Published: January 2025

In this study, we explore the non-commutative extension of the Kuralay-IIA equation. We treat real or complex-valued functions as non-commutative and employ the Lax pair corresponding to the evolution equation, similar to the commutative case. The quasi-Wronskian solution is derived using a Darboux transformation, with soliton solutions presented explicitly within the quasideterminant framework. Simulations illustrating the dynamics and solutions are provided for visualization. Additionally, we analyze the effects of non-commutativity on soliton profiles, revealing novel structures and dynamics distinct from commutative cases. This work paves the way for further exploration of non-commutative integrable systems and their applications in mathematical physics.