bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Economic Analysis of Processing of Rainfed Cotton in Virudhunagar District of Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Swetha R. Lakshmi , Thilagavathi M. , Agarwal Isabella , Karthick V. , Ganapati Patil Santosh , Rajeswari S.
Published: August 2023

The cotton processing industry holds a significant position in the Indian economy as the second-largest labor-intensive activity after agriculture, providing direct and indirect employment to the Indian population. Given the commercial importance of cotton at the national and State levels, there is a recognized need to thoroughly examine the cotton value chain, which includes producers and various stakeholders. Hence this study was proposed and conducted in 2022 covering 90 rainfed cotton growers, seven ginners, six spinners and twenty-seven weavers in Virudhunagar district. The findings of the study revealed that the cotton producers receive a share of (Rs.7006.1 per quintal) 48.37 per cent of the consumer rupee per quintal. The cost and returns analysis showed that, the stakeholders at different level i.e ginners, spinners and weavers incurred Rs.7591.11, Rs.18089.64 and Rs.31251.22 to process per quintal of product i.e kapas, lint, yarn and fabrics production and received as returns of Rs.10587, Rs. 27354.16 and Rs.48934.00 by them. The weavers had the highest financial profitability (1.52) in cotton value chain, followed by spinners (1.47), ginners (1.35) and farmers (1.11).
Fresh Insight: Enhancing Verdant Leafy Vegetable’s Shelf Life Via Modified Atmosphere Packing and Storage
Authors: Prabhadharshini M. K. , Anand M. , Vethamoni P. Irene , Amuthaselvi G. , Janaki P.
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to enhance the durability of selected green leafy vegetables, including Lettuce and Palak, by manipulating influential factors such as storage conditions (Ambient (35±5°C) and Refrigerated (5±5°C)), packing substrate (Low-density polyethylene and High-density polyethylene covers), and gas composition using modified atmosphere packaging. Factorial completely randomized design (FCRD) was employed, incorporating a total of 12 treatments for each crop. The evaluation primarily relied on calculating physiological weight loss. Lettuce showed optimal results with treatment T5 (0.38%) exhibiting superior performance, followed by T6 (0.45%) and T3 (0.58%) under ambient conditions. Similarly, for palak, T5 (0.18%) outperformed T3 (0.19%) and T2 (0.37%). Thus, it is advisable to adopt T5 (R1G3M1) as the preferred treatment with T3 (R1G2M1) as a viable alternative for ambient storage conditions. Refrigerated lettuce performed optimally with T11 (0.54%) leading, followed by T7 (0.56%) and T9 (0.69%). Similarly, palak exhibited superior results with T9 (0.61%) in the fore, succeeded by T11 (0.77%) and T7 (0.97%). Notably, produce stored under ambient conditions had a relatively short shelf life of approximately 5 days, while refrigeration extended it to 15 days, after which a decline in quality was observed across all treatments. Therefore, refrigerated produce has an extended shelf life, with T9 (R2G2M1) followed by T7 (R2G1M1) yielding highly favorable outcomes.
Assessment of Influence of Seed Invigoration Treatments on Seed Germination, Seed Quality and Seedling Vigour in Fodder Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: A. Venkata Divya , K. Prabhavathi , T. Shashikala , P. Jagan Mohan Rao
Published: August 2023

Poor germination in fodder crops is one of the major reasons responsible for lower than potential green forage yield of cereals. Invigoration treatments aids to promote and accelerate germination, increase the vigour of seedlings, and improve stand establishment in field, vegetable, and horticultural crops. Therefore, a study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different seed invigoration treatments on seed quality parameters viz., germination, field emergence, speed of germination, seedling length, dry weight and seedling vigour in fodder maize (Zea mays L.). The experiment was laid out in factorial completely randomized design with two factors i.e., months and treatments having 5 different seed priming treatment combinations i.e.,  - Priming with water for 12 hrs.,  - Priming with NaCl @ 4 g / litre of water for 8 hours.,  - Priming with Poly Ethylene Glycol solution @ 10g / litre of water for 8 hours.,  – Priming with GA3 @ 0.2 g / litre of water for 8 hours and  - Control (unprimed seeds) and the treatments were replicated four times during Rabi, 2022-23 at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Seed Research and Technology Centre, College of Agriculture, PJTSAU, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telangana. The results obtained from this study indicate that hormonal priming with GA3 can be successfully employed to improve germination, field emergence, seedling length, dry weight, and seedling vigour in fodder maize (Zea mays L.). At the end of the study, it was observed that hormonal priming with GA3 had a significantly positive influence on mean germination per cent (90%), field emergence (87%), speed of germination (20.221%), seedling length (34.17 cm), dry weight (0.792 g), seedling vigour index-I (3082.05) and seedling vigour index-II (71.42) over the control.
Combining Ability Analysis for Grain Yield and Yield Attributing Traits in Maize
Authors: Dattatray Bichewar Nagesh , Prasad B. V. Vara , Kumar M. V. Nagesh , Sunil N. , Mallaiah B. , Meena A.
Published: August 2023

Combining ability of inbred lines is the ultimate factor determining future usefulness of the lines for hybrid development while, an idea about the nature of gene action controlling the yield and yield contributing characters is important for development of fruitful breeding programme. Owing to this, the present study was carried out to investigate the General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effect of parental lines and hybrids respectively, and to deduce the type of gene action regulating the grain yield and its components. The 30 single cross hybrids were generated by crossing 6 lines with 5 testers in line x tester mating system and evaluated along with four checks at three locations for the estimation of combining ability effects. Significant differences were observed among the inbred lines, testers, hybrids and parents vs. hybrids for most of the studied traits. The non-additive gene action was predominant for all studied traits except plant height. PFSR 145 found to be good general combiner for traits such days to 50% tasselling, days to 50% silking, days to maturity, plant height and ear height. GP 329 is best general combiner for ear girth, number of kernel per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and grain yield. These parents could be used in future breeding programme for the accumulation of favourable genes and thereby improve maize yield with desirable traits. Hybrid GP 82×GP 83 found to be the best specific combiner for days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, days to maturity, number of kernels per ear and grain yield. The hybrid GP 82×GP 83 can be further tested extensively for the development of potential early maturing hybrids.
Assessment of Physico-chemical Properties of Soil as Influenced by Different Moisture Regimes and Nitrogen Sources in Wheat Crop
Authors: Kumar Suneel , Kumar Suresh , Kumar Robin , Pathak Devesh , Kumar Deepak , Kumar Ankit , Singh Satvaan , Tiwari Himanshu
Published: August 2023

An experiment was conducted at Student’s “Instructional farm of Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology Kumarganj, Ayodhya (U.P.) during rabi season 2019-2020. The experiment was laid out in split plot design (SPD) with three replications using the wheat variety HD- 2967. The treatments comprised of four levels of irrigation viz. 0.6 IW/CPE ratio (I1), 0.8 IW/CPE ratio (I2), 1.0 IW/CPE ratio (I3), 1.2 IW/CPE ratio (I4), and three nitrogen sources viz. 100% (RDF) through urea (N1), 50% RDF + 50% FYM (N2), 50% RDF + 50% poultry manure (N3).The build-up in organic carbon was found with the application of moisture regime at 1.2 IW/CPE and the minimum was received with the moisture regime at 0.6 IW/CPE during the investigation. The increment level of available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and zinc were found with the increasing level of moisture regime. The maximum was found with the application of moisture regime at 1.2 IW/CPE and the minimum was received with the moisture regime at 0.6 IW/CPE during the investigation. Moisture regimes 1.2 IW/CPE ratio was found best for viz., pH , EC and organic carbon, Available Nitrogen, Phosphorus , Potassium & Zinc and among the Nitrogen level, application of 50% N from urea + 50% N from Poultry manure (N3) was found suitable for soil fertility status followed by 50% N from urea +50% N from FYM (N2)
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Practices on Growth, Yield, Economics and Soil Properties of Sweet Pepper under Open Condition at Mid Hill of Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Sharma Nikita , Kumar Sandeep , Yadav Deependra , Kumar Ravinder , Kumar Alok
Published: August 2023

The present investigation entitled “Effect Of Integrated Nutrient Management (INM) Practices On Growth, Yield, Economics and Soil Properties Of Sweet Pepper Under Open Condition At Mid Hill Of Himachal Pradesh” was carried out at the Research farm of the School of Agriculture, Abhilashi University, Mandi (H.P.) during Kharif season 2022. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The experiment consisted of two Bulky organic manures (FYM and vermicompost) and three inorganic sources i.e. nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium through urea, SSP an MOP respectively. The result revealed that maximum plant height (30.33 cm, 42.47 cm and 55.03 cm at 30, 45 and 60 DAT respectively), number of branches per plant (3.10, 3.43 and 4.03 at 30, 45 and 60 DAT respectively), number of leaves per plant (31.50, 32.60 and 35.03 at 30, 45 and 60 DAT respectively), plant spread (27.60 and 34.50 cm),  minimum number of days taken to 50 per cent flowering (36.01), fruit length (8.03 cm), fruit diameter (6.73 cm), average fruit weight (72.07 g), maximum number of fruits per plant (13.13), maximum number of flowers per plant (14.47), number of pickings (4.33), yield per plant (1.01 kg), and fruits yield per hectare (350.34 q/ha) were recorded with the conjoint use of 50% RDF through inorganic fertilizer + 25% through FYM + 25% through vermicompost in treatment T7. This treatment also showed higher nutrient availability in the soil with the residual nutrient status of nitrogen (269.97 kg/ha), phosphorus (40.03 kg/ha) and potassium (292.33 kg/ha). Maximum gross return (₹ 595578/ha), net return (₹ 485173/ha) and maximum B: C ratio (1:5.39) was obtained in T7. Thus, application of 50% RDF through inorganic fertilizer + 25% through FYM + 25% through vermicompost was found highly beneficial for plant growth and yield of sweet pepper.
Effect of Weevil Infestation on Maize Seed and Feed Quality at Different Storage Periods
Authors: Padmasri A. , Srinivas C. , Rajeswari B. , Jayanth B. V.
Published: August 2023

In the seed /grain samples collected from six months old stock, the highest mean number (32.33) of rice weevils were recorded in Venkatesh Poultry Feed, Karimnagar and Sanjeev Reddy poultry feed, Nizamabad with per cent damage 14.50 and 13.63 per cent respectively. The significantly highest population of rice weevils were recorded in the one year old samples collected from Sharanya Poultry Feed, Karimnagar (36.00) with per cent damage 13.07 %. Similarly the highest mean population of rice weevils were recorded in MARKFED, Ranga reddy (187.67) with per cent damage 53.33 in samples collected from two years old seed stocks. The data indicate population buildup from six months to one year was not significant but population increased by five to six folds from six months to two years storage duration. Germination percentage of the maize samples collected from different locations from six months, one year and two years old stocks showed negative and highly significant relationship with population of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) (-0.86, 0.92 and 0.99, respectively) and similar trend was observed with its infestation (-0.87, -0.96 and -0.99, respectively). While, moisture content (per cent) of the maize samples of six months, one year and two years old stocks collected from different location showed positive and non significant relationship with population of Sitophilus oryzae (l.) (0.49, 0.51 and 0.78) and with its infestation similar trend was noticed (0.39, 0.46 and 0.80), respectively. The population size of weevils and the storage period are the factors that have the highest influence on seed germination.
Effect of INM on Nutrient Concentration and their Uptake under Maize-Blackgram-Groundnut Cropping Sequence in Alfisols
Authors: Ushasri Bellary , Krishna T. Giridhara , Nagamadhuri K. V. , Ramu Y. Reddi , Reddy B. Ravindra
Published: August 2023

The field experiment was conducted at S.V. Agricultural College Farm, Tirupati during rabi (maize) summer (blackgram) and kharif (groundnut) seasons of 2019-20 with a view to study the direct and residual effects of integrated use of inorganic and organic sources of N and P on performance of maize - blackgram- groundnut cropping sequence in terms of yield. In this experiment, Ten treatments viz. control, fertilizers applied at 50, 75 and 100% of the recommended dose (N240P80K80), N240 only, P80 only, FYM (@ 5 t ha−1) applied alone, and in combination with 100%,75% and 50% recommended NPK were applied to maize. These treatments were evaluated in comparison to no-fertilizer and manure controls. Blackgram was produced after maize without the use of fertilizer or manure. It was allowed to grow till maturity, and after two pickings, the stover was incorporated into the soil. During succeeding rabi season on the same field black gram was grown for which each main plot treatment of RBD was split into three sub plot treatments with three levels of recommended dose of fertilizers viz., S1 (control), S2 (75% RDF) and S3 (50% RDF) resulting in ninety treatment combinations replicated three times in split plot design. The results revealed that the total N and P uptake in maize varies from 56 - 142 kg/ha and 8.28 - 22.12 kg/ha, in blackgram it varies from 86 – 173 kg/ha and 11.1 – 22.7 kg/ha and in groundnut 75.8 – 126.9 and 9.5 -20.0 kg/ha respectively. The maximum nutrient concentration and uptakes in case of all treatments was found in INM treatments and lowest in T1 (Control).
Study of Genetic Diversity in Forage Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Bagare Vijay , Pathak Vijya Nand , Yadav Vikash , Singh Artee
Published: August 2023

Analysis of genetic divergence through Mahalanobis D2 statistics exhibited considerable genetic diversity among genotypes. The thirty genotypes of forage sorghum were grouped into 6 clusters. The cluster II (14 genotypes) and cluster I (7 genotypes) having the maximum number of genotypes. This envisaged that the genotypes grouped within a particular cluster were more or less genetically similar to each other and apparent wide diversity was mainly due to the remaining genotypes distributed over rest of the other clusters. Percent contribution and expression of characters towards the genetic divergence play an important role in selecting the superior genotypes among diverse genotypes. Plant height had maximum contribution towards the genetic divergence followed by green fodder yield, leaf stem ratio and number of leaves per plant and remaining characters noted very low contribution percent towards the genetic divergence. Maximum intra cluster distance was recorded in cluster IV, indicating greater genetic divergence between the genotypes belonging to these clusters and crosses involving genotypes viz., CSV-15, CSV-17, Pant Chari-8, CSV-16 and Pant Chari-7 are suggested. Crosses in the above combinations are expected to provide enough genetic variability to select high green fodder yield and stable segregates in the segregating generations.
Recovery Profile of Patients Suffered with Traumatic Brains Injuries (TBI): Analysis of Case Reports
Authors: Brito Gabriel Rodrigues , Botelho Matheus de Lima , Santos Mateus Silva
Published: August 2023

Aims: Identify the different recovery profiles of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methodology: This study constituted a review of the literature based on the analysis of case reports published in past five years, about the profile of recovery of TBI victims on PubMed database. Manuscript in English and Portuguese language were considered. About of criteria of elegibility were priorized articles containing information about: Patient’s ages, genders, and complaints, TBI classification treatment, recovery, follow-up, and sequelae of the victims. Post-mortem studies and focused on surgical or drug treatment of the affected patient were exclused.

Results: Based on the established criteria, 08 studies were selected that contained information about the recovery of patients affected by TBI and that contemplated the established selection criteria.

Discussion: Among the results obtained, regarding the recovery profile of patients who are victims of traumatic brain injury, we list the recognition of the similarity of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in TBI, the emergence of various posterior dysfunctions, interdependence of severity, affected area and immediate intervention chosen. As well as, a variation of conducts was presented in each case, added to the significant evidence of the involvement of external factors among the prognosis on a case-by-case basis, such as: the lack of hospital structure, time until the beginning of the intervention and the presence of irreversible sequelae that they can be from a single or multiple body systems depending on the case.

Conclusion: The recovery profile of TBI patients can vary depending on the severity and extent of brain damage. These patients usually undergo a multidisciplinary rehabilitation process aimed at promoting functional recovery and improving quality of life. In the early stages of recovery, it is common for patients to have physical, cognitive, and emotional impairments. In addition, neuropsychological rehabilitation is essential to treat cognitive deficits, such as memory, attention, concentration and reasoning problems.
Effect of Sawdust and Coconut Shell on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: Babatunde Seun Akinfoluwe , Onugba Michael Attah , Olutoge Festus Adeyemi
Published: August 2023

The increased demand for infrastructure due to global population growth has resulted in the depletion of natural aggregate sources and the escalation in the cost of building materials. There is also the problem of environmental pollution as a result of wastes generated from agricultural activities. This has led to various studies aimed at investigating the use of waste materials as substitutes for natural aggregates in concrete. In this research, sawdust (SD) And coconut shell (CS) were used as partial replacements for fine and coarse aggregates respectively in concrete. Concrete cubes, cylinders and prisms were cast and tested for compressive, split-tensile and flexural strengths at 0% (control), 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% replacement of sand and granite by weight with SD and CS respectively, after curing in water for 7, 14 and 28 days. The results showed that as SD and CS increased in the matrix, the concrete's compressive, split-tensile and flexural strengths decreased. The modified mixes can however be used as economic alternatives for lightweight concrete production as the production cost reduces with an increase in the SD and CS in the matrix. An optimum of 10% substitution by weight of fine and coarse aggregates with SD and CS respectively is recommended for concrete production.
Stuck in an Avalanche—A Graphic Story
Authors: Chhetri C. Divyash
Published: August 2023

This Arts and Medicine feature tells the story of a patient with undiagnosed illness caught in the futile administrative cycles of the US health care system.
My Mentor Quilt
Authors: Pescovitz Ora Hirsch
Published: August 2023

In this narrative medicine essay, a pediatric endocrinologist who is now a university president pays tribute to her many mentors who helped guide, advise, and nurture her throughout her life journey.
Chest Pain With Exercise-Induced Left Bundle-Branch Block—Is There a Connection?
Authors: Wang Lei , Lu Yi-Wei , Zhao Yun-Tao
Published: August 2023

This case report describes a patient in their early 60s with chest pain during exertion.
Career Plans of Internal Medicine Residents From 2019 to 2021
Authors: Paralkar Neha , LaVine Nancy , Ryan Saoirse , Conigliaro Rosemarie , Ehrlich Jason , Khan Aisha , Block Lauren
Published: August 2023

This survey study examines career choices of internal medicine residents from 2019 to 2021 and compares them with findings from a decade earlier.
Substance Use Disorder Program Availability in Safety-Net and Non–Safety-Net Hospitals in the US
Authors: Chang Ji E. , Franz Berkeley , Pagán José A. , Lindenfeld Zoe , Cronin Cory E.
Published: August 2023

Importance

Safety-net hospitals (SNHs) are ideal sites to deliver addiction treatment to patients with substance use disorders (SUDs), but the availability of these services within SNHs nationwide remains unknown.

Objective

To examine differences in the delivery of different SUD programs in SNHs vs non-SNHs across the US and to determine whether these differences are increased in certain types of SNHs depending on ownership.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional analysis used data from the 2021 American Hospital Association Annual Survey of Hospitals to examine the associations of safety-net status and ownership with the availability of SUD services at acute care hospitals in the US. Data analysis was performed from January to March 2022.

Main Outcomes and Measures

This study used 2 survey questions from the American Hospital Association survey to determine the delivery of 5 hospital-based SUD services: screening, consultation, inpatient treatment services, outpatient treatment services, and medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD).

Results

A total of 2846 hospitals were included: 409 were SNHs and 2437 were non-SNHs. The lowest proportion of hospitals reported offering inpatient treatment services (791 hospitals [27%]), followed by MOUD (1055 hospitals [37%]), and outpatient treatment services (1087 hospitals [38%]). The majority of hospitals reported offering consultation (1704 hospitals [60%]) and screening (2240 hospitals [79%]). In multivariable models, SNHs were significantly less likely to offer SUD services across all 5 categories of services (screening odds ratio [OR], 0.62 [95% CI, 0.48-0.76]; consultation OR, 0.62 [95% CI, 0.47-0.83]; inpatient services OR, 0.73 [95% CI, 0.55-0.97]; outpatient services OR, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.59-0.99]; MOUD OR, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.46-0.78]). With the exception of MOUD, public or for-profit SNHs did not differ significantly from their non-SNH counterparts. However, nonprofit SNHs were significantly less likely to offer all 5 SUD services compared with their non-SNH counterparts (screening OR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.41-0.66]; consultation OR, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.44-0.73]; inpatient services OR, 0.45 [95% CI, 0.33-0.61]; outpatient services OR, 0.58 [95% CI, 0.44-0.76]; MOUD OR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.46-0.79]).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of SNHs and non-SNHs, SNHs had significantly lower odds of offering the full range of SUD services. These findings add to a growing body of research suggesting that SNHs may face additional barriers to offering SUD programs. Further research is needed to understand these barriers and to identify strategies that support the adoption of evidence-based SUD programs in SNH settings.
Medications for Opioid Use Disorder During the Prenatal Period and Infant Outcomes
Authors: Ali Mir M. , West Kristina D. , Henke Rachel Mosher , Head Michael A. , Patrick Stephen W.
Published: August 2023

This cross-sectional study explores the association between mothers’ receipt of opioid use disorder treatment during pregnancy and their infants’ health services use in the first year of life.
Quality Assurance Methodology
Authors: Tang Herman
Published: August 2023

This article provides an overview of a methodology for quality assurance of products and services, highlighting quality planning, and development methods. The article emphasizes the importance of customer satisfaction in strategic quality development and delves into various methods and tasks for ensuring quality by design, including proactive failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) and supplier management. The article covers special analysis tools and processes for quality assurance, as well as basic quality tools for problem‐solving and continuous improvement. The goal is to assist quality professionals in strengthen their quality assurance methodology and practice.
Bayesian Synthetic Likelihood
Authors: Frazier David T. , Drovandi Christopher , Nott David J.
Published: August 2023

Bayesian statistics is concerned with conducting posterior inference for the unknown quantities in a given statistical model. Conventional Bayesian inference requires the specification of a probabilistic model for the observed data, and the construction of the resulting likelihood function. However, sometimes the model is so complicated that evaluation of the likelihood is infeasible, which renders exact Bayesian inference impossible. Bayesian synthetic likelihood (BSL) is a posterior approximation procedure that can be used to conduct inference in situations where the likelihood is intractable, but where simulation from the model is straightforward. In this article, we give a high‐level presentation of BSL, and its extensions aimed at delivering scalable and robust posterior inferences.
Information Quality of Applied Research
Authors: Kenett Ron S.
Published: August 2023

Data analysis is key in decision‐making processes. The goal of data analysis is to generate information using data, analysis, and contextual knowledge. In this article, we discuss the information quality (InfoQ) framework approach to ensure the quality of information generated by statistical and analytic modeling. We first introduce InfoQ and then discuss the information quality framework with two case studies. A checklist is provided to support self‐service InfoQ assessments.
Monitoring of Allowable Bending Stress Overload in Glass‐Fiber‐Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Magnetostrictive Fe–Co Fibers
Authors: Katabira Kenichi , Kurita Hiroki , Mori Kotaro , Tamura Hitoshi , Narita Fumio
Published: August 2023

For the safe operation of glass‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (GFRP) laminates, evaluating the applied stress and the health of composite structures is crucial. Magnetostrictive materials are functional materials that can be applied to structural health monitoring as sensor materials. Herein, a method for detecting whether the maximum stress of GFRP laminates under bending exceeds the allowable stress using magnetostrictive fibers is proposed. First, magnetostrictive Fe–Co alloy fibers are embedded in GFRP laminates. Then, four‐point bending tests are conducted. Magnetomechanical coupled modeling based on the composite beam theory is then applied to the experimental results. The effects of the position of Fe–Co fibers on the magnetostrictive behavior and mechanical properties of the prepared composites are evaluated. A concept for monitoring the relationship between the maximum bending stress and the allowable stress of the composite materials is proposed.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of the Joint between Si3N4 and Mo Brazed by Near‐Eutectic Ag–Cu–In–Ti Filler Alloy
Authors: Zhao Tong , Mo Defeng , Shi Xinmin , Sun Wen , Li Xue , Gong Haimei
Published: August 2023

The joining of Si3N4 and Mo using Ag–Cu–In–Ti active filler alloy with the brazing temperature ranging from 720 to 860 °C for 10 min is investigated in this article. The correlation between the joint strength and the microstructures of the brazed joints is discussed. In the results, it is shown that the activity of Ti is different at different temperatures, and thus the degree of diffusion of Ti to the interface is different. The activity of Ti gradually increases as the brazing temperature increases, and more Ti atoms diffuse into both sides of the base materials, resulting in a progressively thicker TiN + Ti5Si3 reaction layer on the Si3N4 ceramic side. Between 720 and 860 °C, the shear strength of the joint first increases and then decreases with brazing temperature. The maximum shear strength (223 MPa) is obtained at 830 °C.
Large‐Scale Preparation for Multicolor Stimulus‐Responsive Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Paper via Cellulose Heterogeneous Reaction
Authors: Gao Qian , Shi Meichao , Lü Zequan , Zhao Qiang , Chen Gegu , Bian Jing , Qi Haisong , Ren Junli , Lü Baozhong , Peng Feng
Published: August 2023

The large‐scale preparation of sustainable room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, particularly those with stimulus‐response properties, is attractive but remains challenging. This study develops a facile heterogeneous B─O covalent bonding strategy to anchor arylboronic acid chromophores to cellulose chains using pure water as a solvent, resulting in multicolor RTP cellulose. The rigid environment provided by the B─O covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds promotes the triplet population and suppresses quenching, leading to an excellent lifetime of 1.42 s for the target RTP cellulose. By increasing the degree of chromophore conjugation, the afterglow colors can be tuned from blue to green and then to red. Motivated by this finding, a papermaking production line is built to convert paper pulp reacted with an arylboronic acid additive into multicolor RTP paper on a large scale. Furthermore, the RTP paper is sensitive to water because of the destruction of hydrogen bonds, and the stimuli‐response can be repeated in response to water/heat stimuli. The RTP paper can be folded into 3D afterglow origami handicrafts and anti‐counterfeiting packing boxes or used for stimulus‐responsive information encryption. This success paves the way for the development of large‐scale, eco‐friendly, and practical stimuli‐responsive RTP materials.
Convenient Conformal Transmissive Metasurface Antenna Embedded on Arbitrary Cylindrical Surface
Authors: Liu Kai-Yue , Zheng Na-E , Li Hai-Peng , Li Teng-Yao , Cai Tong
Published: August 2023

Conformal metasurface antenna embedded on the platform with an arbitrary shape is of great significance for communication systems in practical applications. Herein, a convenient design strategy for conformal transmissive metasurface antenna with arbitrary cylinder surface is presented. First, a novel‐phase compensation concept for curved surface is inspired by ray‐tracing technique. Then, by using arc differentiation and numerical integration, the meta‐atoms’ coordinates calculation method is analyzed for arbitrary cylindrical surface. Next, the electromagnetic responses of planar and curved transmissive meta‐atoms are discussed, and conformal metasurfaces in single‐quadratic surfaces are simulated to validate the feasibility of the design strategy. Finally, for potential applications, three combined quadratics conformal metasurface antennas with capabilities of beam focusing, beam deflecting, and vortex generation are designed and measured. It is indicated in the results that the three conformal metasurface antennas with combined quadratic cylinder surfaces can transform the spherical wave efficiently into the plane wave, deflected beam, and vortex beam, respectively, verifying the validity of the designs. The convenient strategy has good generality and flexibility because it is applicable to arbitrary cylindrical metasurface with a specific alignment function, which has promising perspective in practical applications, and offers a novel approach to design conformal antennas without changing aerodynamic shapes of platforms.
Domain Imaging in Periodic Submicron Wide Nanostructures by Digital Drift Correction in Kerr Microscopy
Authors: Akhundzada Sapida , Dingel Kristina , Bischof David , Janzen Christian , Sick Bernhard , Ehresmann Arno
Published: August 2023

Magneto‐optical Kerr microscopy is a powerful method for imaging magnetic domains. Even though domain imaging below the diffractive resolution limit is possible, such investigations are getting increasingly complex with decreasing structure size due to the decreasing Kerr contrast. As magnetic domain images free of topographical artifacts are obtained by subtracting a reference image from the actual image, the corresponding challenges are additionally increased by unavoidable sample motion in the time interval between acquiring the two images. Software‐based drift corrections typically rely on a unique structure in the image's region of interest (ROI), recognized automatically or selected manually by the user. By digital image shifting, the ROI positions in the actual and reference images are aligned, and the sample motion is compensated. For magnetic domain imaging in periodically arranged micro‐ or nano‐objects, unique topographical features are not given, making the drift correction by ROIs difficult, often even impossible. Herein, a novel software‐based approach is presented for drift corrections to image domains with features close/below the optical resolution limit and for investigating periodically arranged micro‐ or nano‐objects without utilizing ROIs. High‐contrast images are obtained, enabling the characterization of periodically arranged 1D, 2D, and 3D magnetic objects with lateral dimensions below 100 nm.
Generation of Human Endometrial Assembloids with a Luminal Epithelium using Air–Liquid Interface Culture Methods
Authors: Tian Jiwen , Yang Jie , Chen Tingwei , Yin Yu , Li Nan , Li Yunxiu , Luo Xingyu , Dong E , Tan Haoyang , Ma Yanping , Li Tianqing
Published: August 2023

The endometrial lining of the uterus is essential for women's reproductive health and consists of several different types of epithelial and stromal cells. Although models such as gland‐like structures (GLSs) and endometrial assembloids (EnAos) are successfully established, they lack an intact luminal epithelium, which makes it difficult to recapitulate endometrial receptivity. Here, a novel EnAo model (ALI‐EnAo) is developed by combining endometrial epithelial cells (EnECs) and stromal cells (EnSCs) and using an improved matrix and air–liquid interface (ALI) culture method. ALI‐EnAos exhibit intact EnSCs and glandular and luminal epithelia, which recapitulates human endometrium anatomy, cell composition, hormone‐induced menstrual cycle changes, gene expression profiles, and dynamic ciliogenesis. The model suggests that EnSCs, together with the extracellular matrix and ALI culture conditions, contribute to EnAo phenotypes and characteristics reflective of the endometrial menstrual cycle. This enables to transcriptionally define endometrial cell subpopulations. It anticipates that ALI‐EnAos will facilitate studies on embryo implantation, and endometrial growth, differentiation, and disease.
Ultrafast Synthesis of Graphene‐Embedded Cyclodextrin‐Metal‐Organic Framework for Supramolecular Selective Absorbency and Supercapacitor Performance
Authors: Zhang Wang , Zheng Zhiqiang , Lin Liwei , Zhang Xi , Bae Minjun , Lee Jeongyeon , Xie Ju , Diao Guowang , Im Hyung‐Jun , Piao Yuanzhe , Pang Huan
Published: August 2023

Limited by preparation time and ligand solubility, synthetic protocols for cyclodextrin‐based metal‐organic framework (CD‐MOF), as well as subsequent derived materials with improved stability and properties, still remains a challenge. Herein, an ultrafast, environmentally friendly, and cost‐effective microwave method is proposed, which is induced by graphene oxide (GO) to design CD‐MOF/GOs. This applicable technique can control the crystal size of CD‐MOFs from macro‐ to nanocrystals. CD‐MOF/GOs are investigated as a new type of supramolecular adsorbent. It can selectively adsorb the dye molecule methylene green (MG) owing to the synergistic effect between the hydrophobic nanocavity of CDs, and the abundant O‐containing functional groups of GO in the composites. Following high temperature calcination, the resulting N, S co‐doped porous carbons derived from CD‐MOF/GOs exhibit a high capacitance of 501 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, as well as stable cycling stability with 90.1% capacity retention after 5000 cycles. The porous carbon exhibits good electrochemical performance due to its porous surface containing numerous electrochemically active sites after dye adsorption and carbonization. The design strategy by supramolecular incorporating a variety of active molecules into CD‐MOFs optimizes the properties of their derived materials, furthering development toward the fabrication of zeitgeisty and high‐performance energy storage devices.
Consumer preferences for worker and supply chain risk mitigation in the beef supply chain in response to COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Sumrow Shalynn , Hudson Darren , Sarasty Oscar , Carpio Carlos , Bratcher Christy
Published: August 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic strained the beef supply chain through plant closures and labor shortages. The pandemic highlighted worker safety inadequacies as well as system vulnerabilities to supply chain disruptions. One result has been political and media scrutinization of beef processing concentration as a culprit for these disruptions. Breaking plants up into smaller, more geographically dispersed processing could help mitigate risk from large plant closures but would likely result in higher retail prices because of lost scale economies. Additionally, improving worker safety likely means slower processing even in larger plants, again likely raising retail prices. We use a choice‐based conjoint analysis to examine to whether and to what extent consumers would be willing to pay higher prices to support smaller plant sizes and improved worker safety, among other beef characteristics. Findings of the study suggest that consumers do not care, at least directly, about plant size but are willing to pay to reduce food miles for processed beef (indirectly implying more geographic dispersion). Consumers are also WTP to improve worker safety. Results also show positive willingness to pay for characteristics such as “grass‐fed” which is consistent with other studies.  [EconLit Citations: Q13, Q18, C25, C83].
Inverse‐Design Methodology for Generating Twisted Ultrasonic Motor in Free Space
Authors: Zhang Chuanxin , He Jiajie , Jiang Xue , Ta Dean
Published: August 2023

A new level of freedom is made possible by orbital angular momentum (OAM), which can be used to create twisted ultrasonic motors for particle manipulation and control. For steady and free‐flowing particle management, it is essential to produce acoustic OAM beams of high order and high quality. However, this task is difficult due to the phased array's fundamental restriction of insufficient resolution or aperture. Herein, a generic approach is presented to inverse design that may be used to improve the OAM beam quality and produce twisted ultrasonic motors in free space. In comparison to the previous direct‐design method, up to a 14% improvement in amplitude uniformity and a 12 dB improvement in signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of OAM modes are achieved. These notable benefits enable the ultrasonic motor to operate with a straightforward and compact system while enabling steady particle rotation in free space with an undersampled phased array, which is not possible with the conventional technique. This study paves the way for effective particle control, high‐fidelity communication, and other OAM‐based technologies by providing an inverse‐design framework for optimizing OAM.
Underreporting of work‐related low back pain among registered nurses: A mixed method study
Authors: Kwon Suyoung , Lee Soo Jeong
Published: August 2023

Background

Identifying and addressing work‐related health problems early is crucial, but workers often perceive barriers in reporting these to management. This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with nurses' reporting of work‐related low back pain to their managers and explored the reasons why nurses with patient handling injuries did not report them.

Methods

This study is a concurrent mixed‐method analysis of data from two statewide cross‐sectional surveys of California registered nurses conducted in 2013 and 2016. The reporting of work‐related low back pain to management (n = 288) was examined for associations with individual, occupational, and organizational factors. For qualitative analysis, the reasons for not reporting patient handling injuries were explored using open‐ended responses (n = 42).

Results

Reporting was associated with BIPOC (Black, Indigenous, and People of Color) men (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07−1.59) compared to non‐Hispanic White women; being a non‐US educated nurse (AOR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.80−1.01); experiencing greater low back pain (AOR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02−1.12); missing work (AOR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.21−2.62); perceiving high physical workload (AOR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81−0.98); perceiving high people‐oriented culture (AOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04−1.25); and perceiving high ergonomic practices (AOR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.81−0.98). Identified themes on the reasons for not reporting injuries included organizational‐culture attitudes toward work‐related injuries and injury characteristics of musculoskeletal disorders.

Conclusions

The findings indicate a need for management to remove structural barriers and improve organizational practices, and for a culture that promotes trust and open communication between workers and management.
Early Treatment with Vigabatrin Does Not Decrease Focal Seizures or Improve Cognition in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: The PREVeNT Trial
Authors: Bebin Elizabeth Martina , Peters Jurriaan M. , Porter Brenda E. , McPherson Tarrant O. , O'Kelley Sarah , Sahin Mustafa , Taub Katherine S. , Rajaraman Rajsekar , Randle Stephanie C. , McClintock William M. , Koenig Mary Kay , Frost Mike D. , Northrup Hope A. , Werner Klaus , Nolan Danielle A. , Wong Michael , Krefting Jessica L. , Biasini Fred , Peri Kalyani , Cutter Gary , Krueger Darcy A. ,   the PREVeNT Study Group
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that early vigabatrin treatment in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) infants improves neurocognitive outcome at 24 months of age.

Methods

A phase IIb multicenter randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial was conducted of vigabatrin at first epileptiform electroencephalogram (EEG) versus vigabatrin at seizure onset in infants with TSC. Primary outcome was Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (Bayley‐III) cognitive assessment score at 24 months. Secondary outcomes were prevalence of drug‐resistant epilepsy, additional developmental outcomes, and safety of vigabatrin.

Results

Of 84 infants enrolled, 12 were screen failures, 4 went straight to open label vigabatrin, and 12 were not randomized (normal EEG throughout). Fifty‐six were randomized to early vigabatrin (n = 29) or placebo (n = 27). Nineteen of 27 in the placebo arm transitioned to open label vigabatrin, with a median delay of 44 days after randomization. Bayley‐III cognitive composite scores at 24 months were similar for participants randomized to vigabatrin or placebo. Additionally, no significant differences were found between groups in overall epilepsy incidence and drug‐resistant epilepsy at 24 months, time to first seizure after randomization, and secondary developmental outcomes. Incidence of infantile spasms was lower and time to spasms after randomization was later in the vigabatrin group. Adverse events were similar across groups.

Interpretation

Preventative treatment with vigabatrin based on EEG epileptiform activity prior to seizure onset does not improve neurocognitive outcome at 24 months in TSC children, nor does it delay onset or lower the incidence of focal seizures and drug‐resistant epilepsy at 24 months. Preventative vigabatrin was associated with later time to onset and lower incidence of infantile spasms. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:15–26
Photodegradation of CuBi2O4 Films Evidenced by Fast Formation of Metallic Bi using Operando Surface‐sensitive X‐ray Scattering**
Authors: Derelli Davide , Caddeo Francesco , Frank Kilian , Krötzsch Kilian , Ewerhardt Patrick , Krüger Marco , Medicus Sophie , Klemeyer Lars , Skiba Marvin , Ruhmlieb Charlotte , Gutowski Olof , Dippel Ann‐Christin , Parak Wolfgang J. , Nickel Bert , Koziej Dorota
Published: August 2023

CuBi2O4 has recently emerged as a promising photocathode for photo‐electrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, its fast degradation under operation currently poses a limit to its application. Here, we report a novel method to study operando the semiconductor‐electrolyte interface during PEC operation by surface‐sensitive high‐energy X‐ray scattering. We find that a fast decrease in the generated photocurrents correlates directly with the formation of a metallic Bi phase. We further show that the slower formation of metallic Cu, as well as the dissolution of the electrode in contact with the electrolyte, further affect the CuBi2O4 activity and morphology. Our study provides a comprehensive picture of the degradation mechanisms affecting CuBi2O4 electrodes under operation and poses the methodological basis to investigate the photocorrosion processes affecting a wide range of PEC materials.
Achiral Au(I) Cyclic Trinuclear Complexes with High‐Efficiency Circularly Polarized Near‐Infrared TADF
Authors: Yang Hu , Peng Su‐Kao , Zheng Ji , Luo Dong , Xie Mo , Huang Yong‐Liang , Cai Xuan , Wang Jizhuang , Zhou Xiao‐Ping , Li Dan
Published: August 2023

Realizing high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in the near‐infrared (NIR) region is challenging and valuable for luminescent material, especially for thermally activated delay fluorescence (TADF) material. In this work, we report two achiral cyclic trinuclear Au(I) complexes, Au3(4‐Clpyrazolate)3 and Au3(4‐Brpyrazolate)3 (denoted as Cl−Au and Br−Au), obtained through the reaction of 4‐chloro‐1H‐pyrazole and 4‐bromo‐1H‐pyrazole with Au(I) salts, respectively. Both Cl−Au and Br−Au exhibit TADF with high PLQY (>70 %) in the NIR I (700–900 nm) (λmax = 720 nm) region, exceeding other NIR−TADF emitters in the solid state. Photophysical experiments and theoretical calculations confirmed the efficient NIR−TADF properties of Cl−Au and Br−Au were attributed to the small energy gap

ΔE(S1‐T2) (S = singlet, T = triplet) and the large spin‐orbital coupling induced by ligand‐to‐metal‐metal charge transfer of molecular aggregations. In addition, both complexes crystallize in the achiral Pna21 space group (mm2 point group) and are circularly polarized light (CPL) active with maxima luminescent dissymmetry factor |glum| of 3.4 × 10−3 (Cl−Au) and 2.7 × 10−3 (Br−Au) for their crystalline powder samples, respectively. By using Cl−Au as the emitting ink, 3D‐printed luminescent logos are fabricated, which own anti‐counterfeiting functions due to its CPL behavior dependent on the crystallinity.
Rapid Peripheral Nerve Imaging by Fluorescent Polymer Dots for Minimizing the Risk of Intraoperative Nerve Injury
Authors: Zhang Juxiang , Lu Shuting , Tang Shiyi , Li Yuqiao , Zhang Yufan , Li Jingru , Xiong Liqin
Published: August 2023

Iatrogenic nerve injury is an important cause of surgical complications. We focused on improving intraoperative visualization of nerves through highly fluorescent polymer dots (Pdots) and in vivo optical imaging instrumentation. The prepared Pdots have good biocompatibility, fluorescence stability, and simple preparation. Peripheral nerves can be imaged quickly with Pdots through a simple direct administration method and process, low non‐specific absorption in the surrounding tissues. Moreover, the Pdots does not invade nerve cells but binds stably in the neural membrane structure. This study verifies that fluorescent Pdots have excellent neuroimaging capabilities and can be used for intraoperative visualization of peripheral nerves.