bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation on the designed v-shaped monohull ship models
Authors: Rio Prabowo , Adhi Febrianto , Tuswan Tuswan , Danardono Dwi
Published: June 2022

A typical ship must operate in extreme conditions in the open coastal zone. Due to the severe operation at sea, comparative research on the design of the hull shape for optimization purposes will be important, specifically in the resistance and movement aspect. In this regard, an investigation was carried out by varying the total of four V-shaped monohull models from the high-built design as the main subject to compare several hull shape designs at the same displacement to obtain better performance at stability, resistance, and seakeeping criteria. Savitsky formula is used to calculate the hull resistance, and the stability analysis is calculated analytically by comparing the relationship between righting arm and heel angle. Moreover, ship motion is investigated by examining heave and roll response amplitude operator (RAO) and Motion Sickness Incident (MSI) index due to wave height 0.1 m. The most significant feature in this study is resistance since, with limited power, a minimum resistance value is necessary for best outcomes. It can be found that Model I is a superior model in terms of resistance, stability, and seakeeping performance to other models. However, Model III is not recommended since it has high resistance and bad stability and motion performance. From these results, it can be summarized that Model I is selected as the best hull form model.
Fixed point theorems for cyclic contractions in S-metric spaces involving C-class function
Authors: Gurucharan Singh
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we study the class of cyclic contractions in the setting of S-metric spaces involving C-class function and establish some fixed point theorems in the setting of complete S-metric spaces. We support our results with some examples. Our results extend and generalize several results from the existing literature (see, e.g., [3, 8, 9, 14, 15, 20] and many others) to the case of more general ambient space and contraction condition.
Global and local existence of solution for fractional heat equation in R N by Balakrishnan definition
Authors: Ferreira Jorge , Pişkin Erhan , Shahrouzi Mohammad , Cordeiro Sebastião , Rocha Daniel
Published: June 2022

Our aim here is to collect and to compare two definitions of the fractional powers of non-negative operators that can be found in the literature; we will present the proof of an equivalence and compare properties of that notions in different approaches. Then we will apply next this equivalence in the study of global and local existence of solution for the semilinear Cauchy problem in R N with fractional Laplacian ut = -(-∆)au + f(x, u), u(0, x) = u0(x), x ∈ R N .
Agritourism in Montenegro: Empirical research in the function of strategic development
Authors: Melović Marica
Published: June 2022

The aim of this paper is to consider the strategic opportunities and importance of agritourism development in Montenegro, identifying key factors that may help agritourism to position itself as an integral part of both rural and overall tourism offer of Montenegro. The paper contains empirical research, which was conducted using a questionnaire on a stratified random sample, and the data were analyzed using statistical methods - factor analysis and descriptive statistics. The author came to the conclusion that in the development of agritourism, Montenegro has not yet taken the competitive position it should have, considering its huge potential for development of this form of tourism. Based on the obtained results, the factors that have a significant impact on the development of agritourism were identified, and a set of recommendations for current and potential holders of agritourism offer was created, in order to improve their tourism and marketing strategy.
Financial performance of selected hotel groups and resorts during COVID-19 pandemic: 2019/2020 comparison
Authors: Temelkov Zoran
Published: June 2022

The outbreak of COVID-19 brought many negative effects in different regions and economic areas. However, the hotel industry suffered the most adverse effects due to restrictions and measures imposed by countries. Hence, hotels took substantial hit on their financial performance and efficiency. The adverse impact was not same for all hotels across the globe. The extent to which they will record worsening financial performance depends on the implemented governmental measures and actions taken by the hotels. Assessment of changes in revenues, expenses and expense to revenues ratio shows the magnitude of the impact induced by the pandemic. The findings suggest that most hotels have suffered a substantial loss in revenues and significant increase in expense to revenues ratio.
Filter rules for soil and geosynthetics
Authors: Rakić Dragoslav , Basarić-Ikodinović Irena , Ljubojev Milenko
Published: June 2022

Harmful effects caused by the water flow through various constructions (dams, embankments, etc.) are successfully solved by installing the various filter layers. The basic functions of filter layers are fast water evacuation with preventing the internal erosion and removal of small soil particles. These filter layers are usually made of coarse-grained materials (sand, gravel, stone aggregates), but in addition to the natural materials, the artificial geosynthetic materials are increasingly used. This paper presents the basic filter rules that need to be followed in order to perform a successful design of various filtration and drainage systems.
Geotechnical investigations for defining the building conditions of the new quarry crusher plant in Bor
Authors: Tašić Dušan , Ignjatović Dragan , Đurđevac-Ignjatović Lidija , Đurđevac Vanja
Published: June 2022

Geotechnical investigations were conducted at the construction site of the new crushing plant at the open pit "Kriveljski kamen" in Bor. The construction of parts of this plant is planned on an unstable slope. The aim was to define the lithological-geotechnical material and terrain structure as a basis for determining the optimal conditions of construction, excavation methods, funding and undertaking the reclamation measures in the area intended for accommodation of facilities.
Selection of the optimal contour of the open pit in mining the lead and zinc ore deposit with the increased mercury content
Authors: Kržanović Daniel , Rajković Radmilo , Vušović Nenad , Jovanović Milenko
Published: June 2022

Mining processes are complex and complicated, with many different economic, technical, environmental and other parameters that must be planned before the project gets its practical value. Many of these parameters are evaluated independently of others, due to the expediency and difficulties in predictting values for variables under consideration. Costs, prices, reserves, mining and processing of ore, as well as many social aspects, such as issuing permits for works, are absolutely crucial for the project evaluation. Each ore body is different, but the main steps in the open pit planning, when the main goal is to maximize NPV, follow the same principle. These steps are presented as the linear for simplicity. The actual planning process is an iterative process, in which some steps or a combination of steps are repeated many times with the sensitivity analysis.
Analysis of the digital technology impact in the mining and metallurgical companies
Authors: Miletić Slavica , Bogdanović Dejan , Ignjatović Miroslav , Stanojević-Šimšić Zdenka , Kostov Ana
Published: June 2022

Dissemination of the new technologies brings the new challenges in business of the mining and metallurgical companies, as well as the care of accepting changes by the employees. This paper deals with an analysis of impact the digital technology development in the mining and metallurgical companies in Serbia. The research methodology is focused on measuring and interpreting the digitalization by the qualitative and quantitative methods. The research findings show how the business of mining and metallurgical companies is transformed into a digital age and provides everything that is needed to combine the mining and metallurgical processes with a new technology for sustainable development.
The use of multicriteria decision-making methods in determining the optimal solution in the form of selection the priority in exploitation the ore deposit in Eastern Serbia
Authors: Milutinović Sandra , Mikić Miomir , Stojanović Miloš
Published: June 2022

Using the methods of AHP, VIKOR and TOPSIS, the methodology of ore deposit selection was determined. Selection of the best deposit is presented, as well as a comparative analysis of the output values of the applied methods.
Technical-economic analysis of variants of a micro location for the DTO crushing plant of the DTO system and connecting conveyor T1 at the open pit Potrlica, Pljevlja
Authors: Bugarin Dejan , Stanić Nikola , Gomilanović Miljan , Doderović Aleksandar , Stanković Tanja
Published: June 2022

The Additional Mining Design for coal exploitation at the open pit "Potrlica" - Pljevlja for the period 2020 - 2025, has defined the exploitation system important parameters and development of the open pit. Among others, for the first half of 2022, it is planned to move the crushing plant to a new position, in a direction of the excavation front. Generally, the new position of the crushing plant has been verified within several project and study documents. Nevertheless, there is a need for precise definition of the crushing plant positions and conveyors within the DTO system in order to the create favorable and safe working conditions for mechanization on the loading plateau of the crusher, to provide a more favorable position of the crusher with the aim of easier plateau drainage and a more convenient approach to the crusher for easier maintenance, and to minimize the costs of relocation to a new position while respecting the projected dynamics of relocation works. In order to ensure the fulfillment of the set goals, a techno-economic analysis of the variants of a micro location of the crushing plant at this open pit was performed with an overview given in this paper.
The importance of cash flows in the economic assessment of the mining projects
Authors: Bućan Lidija , Marković Radmila
Published: June 2022

The economic assessment and analysis of investment projects is aimed to show what the value will be achieved by the project for enterprise, region and wider community. The overall assessment of the project should be given by the investor, financier and ecology. The positive results of the project are certainly acceptable from the point of view of investors, but they do not have to be acceptable from the point of view of financiers and ecologists. This imposes a need for balancing the demands of all three sides. In the static evaluation of the project, the profit and loss account, profitability, is observed, which is higher than in costs, which is a gain (profit). In the dynamic project evaluation, the following cash flows are monitored: financial, economic and social. The financial cash flow points to the liquidity of the project during its lifetime, if the inflow is constantly greater than the outflow of funds, the project is liquid. The economic flow indicates the project profitability, period of return on investment, net present value and internal rate of return. The social cash flow deals with the national economy, excludes the government's contributions to cash outflows and determines the social net present value as well as the social rate of profitability.
The usage of social media marketing in tourism
Authors: Popović Milica
Published: June 2022

Nowadays, the usage of social media has become integral part of life for many generations. These Web-based tools have allowed tourism companies to identify tourists ' needs and keep up with ever-changing market. Thus, this research paper presents the application of social media in tourism marketing, which extend tourism boundaries in innovative way. In this regard, the subject of the paper is to determine if social media have positive impact on business performances in tourism sector and how to incorporate these tools in tourism brand strategies. The paper is based on secondary data, gathered from academic publications from different scientific fields: tourism, marketing and IT. Research results confirmed the primary hypotheses, which indicated that social media have positive impact on tourists 'purchase intentions and brand loyalty, through which business performances of tourism companies have been improved The significance of the research results is reflected as the optimization of social media usage in tourism marketing in order to improve the quality of tourism services and tourists 'satisfaction.
The outstanding natural landscapes "Vršačke planine" in the function of tourism development
Authors: Trišić Igor
Published: June 2022

Protected areas can be important destinations for tourism development because they contribute to economic, environmental and cultural development. In the phase of planning the development of a protected area as a tourism destination, it is important to consider all the possibilities, opportunities, strengths, weaknesses and dangers of tourism implementation, which should be the basic task of management processes. The Outstanding Natural Landscapes " Vrsacke Pianine " has significant potential for tourism development. Within this area, there are numerous natural and anthropogenic motives, important for the development of tourism. Favorable geographical location, proximity to major cities in Serbia and the border with Romania, are significant potentials for tourism development in this protected area. In the research in this paper, a quantitative method was used. A total of 250 visitors to this tourism destination was interviewed using the questionnaire survey technique with the help of a questionnaire as a research instrument, the method of random selection. Visitors answered questions about the potential for tourism development of this protected area. The analysis of the respondents ' answers concludes that this area has a significant extent of natural factors that contribute to the development of nature-based tourism, such as bird and animal sightseeing, nature photography, health tourism, recreation, science tourism and trips. In addition, the visitors recognized the importance of sociocultural factors that are important for the development of cultural forms of tourism.
Apresentação da Seção Temática Infâncias e Juventudes: Perspectivas Transnacionais e Interseccionais
Authors: Josiowicz Alejandra , Zapiola Maria Carolina
Published: June 2022

Apresentação
Crecer en sociedades desiguales: interpretaciones de niñas y niños colombianos sobre la estratificación socioeconómica
Authors: Aristizábal García Diana Marcela
Published: June 2022

En Colombia la estratificación socioeconómica surge en 1994 como producto de una política pública y una estrategia gubernamental de identificación de viviendas para el pago de servicios públicos, sin embargo, más allá de este objetivo inicial, ha sido apropiada por muchos colombianos como un sistema de clasificación y representación social. Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar de qué modo un grupo de niños y niñas colombianos interpretan, resignifican y comprenden los matices y las complejidades de esta noción. Se mostrará a través de registros etnográficos (2015 - 2018) que los niños construyen sus propias ideas sobre cómo se origina, opera y se reproduce el estrato, a la vez, que lo utilizan como una forma de dar sentido a la experiencia de crecer y vivir en sociedades desiguales.
Meninas “da Vida”: a Funabem e as “artes de governar” as crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua
Authors: Miranda Humberto  da Silva
Published: June 2022

No final da década de 1980, a Fundação Nacional de Bem-Estar do Menor - Funabem publicava o relatório Meninas da Vida, que objetivava debater o atendimento às meninas em situação de rua. Partindo de uma lógica prescritiva, com o objetivo de circular nacionalmente, o documento trazia recomendações aos chamados educadores sociais que, para a autoria do relatório, eram os agentes responsáveis pelo atendimento sociopedagógicos dessas meninas. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem a finalidade de analisar o discurso das estratégias apresentadas para o atendimento às meninas nesse relatório, problematizando o conceito de “meninas da vida” e das “artes de governar” as crianças e adolescentes em situação de rua. Destaca-se que esse período foi marcado pela efervescência da redemocratização, do qual emergia o Movimento Nacional de Meninos e Meninas de Rua, que questionava as legislações e políticas baseadas na lógica “bem-estar do menor”, trazendo uma proposta pedagógica de reconhecimento dessas meninas como protagonistas de suas histórias. Desse modo, pretende-se colocar em tela como as relações entre a Funabem e o Movimento foram criadas, destacando para além das fissuras, como a questão da menina/mulher passou a ser reconhecida como um problema de política social, haja vista que até o final da década de 1970 a maioria das políticas produzidas pelo Estado foram marcadas pelo “apagamento” da condição da menina-mulher, classificando-as genericamente como “menores”.
Entre el deseo y la felicidad: prácticas de consumo de golosinas, sociabilidad infantil y jerarquías sociales (Argentina, 1898-1941)
Authors: Scheinkman Ludmila
Published: June 2022

Este artículo indaga sobre las prácticas de consumo infantil de golosinas y dulces, productos que en las primeras décadas del siglo XX argentino devinieron específicos para la infancia y uno de sus rasgos constitutivos, junto con los juguetes y juegos. Se exploran los significados de dichas prácticas, ligadas con el deseo y la felicidad infantiles, y sus formas de circulación social, que cumplieron un rol en la constitución de sociabilidades, pero también en la difusión de jerarquías sociales y marcas de distinción de clase, género, edad y étnico-raciales que atravesaron profundamente a las infancias. La hipótesis que guía este estudio es que el consumo ‒una práctica social que se produce en el marco de relaciones de poder, vinculada con la conformación de estilos de vida y la producción de identidades sociales‒ fue una de las arenas fundamentales en las que se fue delimitando en las décadas de 1920 y 30 una concepción “universal” de la infancia que tenía entre sus componentes la expectativa y la obligación parental de garantizar la felicidad a niños y niñas. Sin embargo, el desigual acceso al consumo para infantes de distintas clases sociales contrastó profundamente con esta pretensión de universalidad, contribuyendo a delinear los contornos, las líneas y las fronteras de clase que atravesaron a las infancias en la Argentina en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Esta indagación se apoya en prensa periódica de circulación masiva, como la revista ilustrada Caras y Caretas, y en prensa obrera y de izquierdas.
La práctica de tiro en el curriculum escolar de Argentina (1905-1920)
Authors: Raiter Bárbara
Published: June 2022

En la Argentina, la práctica de tiro fue obligatoria en los colegios nacionales desde 1905 y en los colegios incorporados desde 1907. Aquellos que promovieron su obligatoriedad buscaron no sólo instruir a los jóvenes en la práctica de tiro, sino promover su práctica más allá del espacio escolar, instándolos a vincularse con las sociedades de tiro, y, especialmente, difundir entre éstos un conjunto de valores específicos asociados a la práctica de tiro. Sin embargo, aunque la práctica de tiro entre los jóvenes estudiantes fue obligatoria y alcanzó a un conjunto de jóvenes, sus promotores no lograron los objetivos buscados de expandir la práctica de tiro a más personas y más allá del tiempo escolar. Este artículo presenta, en primer lugar, las características que tuvo la práctica de tiro en los establecimientos de educación secundaria y las distintas iniciativas que sus defensores impulsaron para su crecimiento y expansión. En segundo lugar, se analizan los objetivos que perseguían los actores al promover la práctica de tiro. Por último, se realiza un balance en perspectiva del alcance y de los límites que la práctica de tiro tuvo durante el período entre los estudiantes.
Using Videoconferencing to Augment Blended Learning for Synchronous and Asynchronous Teaching in Educational Emergencies
Authors: Njuguna Alice
Published: June 2022

The unprecedented onset of COVID-19 and the emergency closure of institutions of Higher learning heralded a new way of completing the curriculum and taking the students through the academic calendar. Previous definitions of emergency education had tried to allude to war, civil strife, floods, drought and even some instances of HIV AIDS or children living on the streets. The COVID -19 gave a new definition to emergencies, as it led to forced containment and requirement for social distancing on a global level. Prior to the pandemic, Learning Management Systems (LMS) had been around in what would be termed as E-Learning, computer-based education and other computer related terms, Most of the LMS would support both synchronous and asynchronous education. However, face to face learning was still the preferred mode of teaching, and the online component was considered complementary and supplementary. COVID-19 led to Emergency Remote Teaching, and this brought about a change in approach and rethinking of the technologies available for remote teaching. Many Universities had to find a way of providing a supplementary way of providing live and synchronous classes. Previous applications such a ZOOM, Google Meet and Microsoft Teams found their use in the educational setup, with many Universities subscribing to these tools as well as those that are embedded in LMS, such as the BigBlueButton as used to together with MOODLE as a plugin. The aim of this study was to establish how Videoconferencing tools are used to provide synchronous and asynchronous education. The objectives were to establish how Videoconferencing tools are used to aid in teaching and learning, how these tools are used to mirror a face to face class, as well as the challenges faced in integrating these tools in the classroom. This study used a quantitative and qualitative approach where a web-based questionnaire with both open and closed questions were posted to an E-learning special interest groups consisting of faculty in both private and public institutions in Kenya and some students taught by these faculty, and followed by in-depth interviews via Videoconferencing The study established that many institutions turned to stand alone and open source videoconferencing tools to teach both synchronously and asynchronously in a blended mode. The biggest challenge was in the IT element due to non- availability of stable internet connectivity and the fact that neither the students nor the faculty had clear training on the tools available within the videoconferencing applications, and there was no formal method of integrating the same to teaching. The study recommends a policy framework on the integration of such tools in the teaching.
Histopathological Study of Non-neoplastic and Neoplastic Lesions of Ovary at a Tertiary Health Care Centre in Mangalore, Karnataka, India
Authors: Jose Varsha , Mathias Michelle , Shetty Jayaprakash
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Ovarian tumours are one of the leading causes of gynaecologic malignancy and death in women. Carcinoma of ovary represents 30% of all cancers of the female genital tract. Morphologic diversities and non-specific symptoms of these tumours often pose a diagnostic challenge. Aim: To observe the histopathological spectrum of ovarian lesions in a tertiary care hospital and to find the distribution of benign and malignant neoplasms. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective study done at a tertiary care hospital in Mangalore, Karnataka, India on 100 ovarian lesions over the period of three years from September 2013 to September 2016. The specimens of ovaries, both neoplastic and non-neoplastic, were processed by routine histopathological techniques and stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains. Chi-square test was used to find association between spectrum of lesions. Results: Of the 100 cases of ovarian lesions studied, majority were neoplastic lesions which constituted 51 cases (51%) and the remaining 49 (49%) were non-neoplastic. Among the non-neoplastic lesions, majority were corpus luteal cysts 25 (51%) followed by follicular cyst 17 (34.7 %). Out of the 51 neoplastic ovarian lesions, 32 (52.4%) were benign, 2 (3.2%) were borderline and 17 (27.8%) were malignant. Among the benign ovarian neoplasms, most commonly seen was serous cystadenoma followed by mucinous cystadenoma. In malignant cases, maximum were of serous cystadenocarcinoma (6 cases, 35.3%), followed by two cases each of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma and mixed germ cell tumour. There was one case of metastatic tumour to the ovary. Conclusion: Histopathological observations in this study provide valuable baseline information regarding the frequency and distribution of ovarian tumours. Histopathology remains the gold standard in the diagnosis of ovarian lesions and their proper recognition is important for appropriate therapy.
Seropositivity of Transfusion Transmitted Infections among Blood Donors in Hilly Region of Karnataka, India
Authors: Pattanashetti Mallikarjun , Karumbaiah KP , Priyadarshini MM
Published: June 2022

Introduction: One of the major problem associated with blood transfusions are Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs). Accurate estimates of risk of TTIs are essential for monitoring the safety of blood supply. National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) guidelines state that all donor’s blood samples should mandatorily be tested for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Syphilis and Malaria. Aim: To estimate the seropositivity of HIV, Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg), HCV, Syphilis and Malaria among blood donors for tertiary care hospital of hilly region in Karnataka, India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done from January 2012 to March 2018 in District Hospital Blood bank, Department of Pathology, Kodagu Institute of Medical Sciences, Madikeri, Karnataka, India. The blood donors were screened with detailed history and physical examination according to Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) of Blood bank as per Guidelines for Blood donor selection and referral. Donor blood sample was subjected to screening investigations for TTIs diseases: HIV, HBV, HCV, Syphilis and Malaria. Data collected was tabulated in Microscoft Excel and results were expressed as percentage. Results: The study included total 9599 blood donors. The total number of male donors was 8985 and female donors were 614. There were 74 seropositive donors of which 71 (96%) were males and 3 (4.0%) were females. The total seropositivity rate of TTIs was 0.77% among which the incidence of seropositivity was higher in males as compared to females. There were 55 donors (0.58%) positive for HBV, eight donors (0.08%) positive for Syphilis, five donors (0.05%) positive for HIV, four donors (0.04%) positive for Malaria and two donors (0.02%) positive for HCV. Conclusion: Screening and better selection of donors by testing for TTIs are necessary to improve blood safety in the blood transfusion centre of hospital.
Evaluation of the Italian Cytological Reporting System and Comparison with Histopathology with Respect to Indeterminate Thyroid Lesions
Authors: Javalgi Anita P , Priyanka P
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The British system (RCPath-Thy1-5), The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cyto-Pathology (BSRTC) and The Italian Society of Anatomic Pathology and Cytology (SIAPEC) classification are the most practised thyroid reporting systems with high discriminative factor in classifying thyroid lesions on Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC). Surprisingly, none of these classification systems are reliable, when the question is about ‘indeterminate for malignancy’ category. Aim: To find out a better cytological reporting system between Bethesda and Italian classification with respect to indeterminate lesions of thyroid. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional retrospective study was undertaken in department of Cyto pathology at SDM College of medical sciences and hospital, Dharwad from year January 2015 to January 2018. Thyroid FNAC cases were collected from departmental archives. Among these cases, all FNAC slides for which thyroid surgery were done were reviewed by two cytopathologists and reporting was done using SIAPEC reporting system and BSRTC system. Among those cases (N=33), only indeterminate lesions were selected for the study. Fourteen cases were reported under TIR-3A and 19 cases were reported under TIR-3B. Histological outcomes and cyto-histopathological comparision was done using Chi-Square test. Risk Of Malignancy (ROM), sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were determined. Results: ROM for TIR-3A lesions is 35.7% and for TIR-3B lesions is 58.89%. ROM for Atypia of Undetermined Significance/ Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance (AUS/FLUS) lesions is 71.4% and Follicular Neoplasm (FN)/Suspicious for FN category (FN/SFN) lesions are 42.3%. The study revealed very high sensitivity and specificity under Italian system when compared to Bethesda system in identifying malignant outcomes. ROM in Italian sub-classification was more than the anticipated levels. Conclusion: Current study concludes that SIAPEC reporting system is more satisfactory than BSRTC system while evaluating the indeterminate nodules for malignant outcomes. Our results indicate that cases classified solely on architectural atypia have almost 50% lower ROM when compared with cases with cytological atypia.
A Histopathological Study of Mast Cells in Atheromatous Lesions on Autopsy Specimens
Authors: Patil Priya , Muthuvelu Natrajan , Ahmed Siddique , Chaudhary Aparna Sen
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Atherosclerosis is emerging as one of the leading causes of death globally. Role of mast cells in the development and progression of atherosclerosis has been proposed recently. Literature review has shown that few studies have demonstrated significant number of mast cells in atherosclerotic plaques and more at the site of plaque rupture. Whereas, few studies have not found any significant increase in number of mast cells in atherosclerotic plaques. The present study was undertaken to know whether mast cells are significantly increased in atherosclerotic lesions. Aim: The aim of the study was to know the correlation between mast cells and various grades of atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional histopathological study was conducted on 60 autopsy heart specimens (perinatal and paediatric heart specimens were excluded) from October 2010 to October 2012 in Department of Pathology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute. Sections were taken from the Right Coronary Artery (RCA) and Left Coronary Artery (LCA) and its branches, aorta and pulmonary artery and were examined under the microscope for atheromatous lesions. American Heart Association (AHA) grading of atherosclerosis was used to grade atherosclerosis. Special stains for mast cells, 2% aqueous toluidine blue stain was employed on the sections to demonstrate and quantify mast cells (per mm2) in the arterial intima. The corresponding grade and number of mast cells were correlated. Results: Of the total 360 arteries (includes all 6 arteries in each of the 60 cases) studied, 206 arteries showed atherosclerotic change. The most common artery involved was left anterior descending artery (in 57 cases i.e., 95%) followed by the left main coronary artery (in 48 cases i.e., 80%). Involvement of triple vessels (20 cases i.e., 33.3%) was most common, followed by four vessel involvement (18 cases i.e., 30%). Grade II (52 arteries i.e., 25.2%) atherosclerosis was most common, followed by grade IV (41 arteries i.e., 19.90%). Kruskal Wallis test showed significant difference in the median mast cells in various grades of atherosclerosis (p-value <0.05). Spearman’s correlation co- efficient showed positive correlation between various grades and number of mast cells in most of the arteries (except Left Circumflex Artery (LCxA) showed negative correlation and no statistical data could be derived for pulmonary artery as only 3/60 arteries showed atherosclerosis). Conclusion: The present study has demonstrated that mast cells are found in good number in atherosclerotic lesions of coronary arteries and also with the progression of atherosclerosis, the number of mast cells increased except in the LCxA. Identifying the cellular participants and molecular mediators of inflammation during atherogenesis may prove to be of immense help in the treatment of coronary heart diseases.
Trends of Central Nervous System Tumours and their Histological Subtypes in a Tertiary Care Centre in Southern India
Authors: Rani Veeramachaneni Leela , Gosain Ratna , Kedarisetty Vidya , Kumar Samson Sujith , Raghavendra H
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Study of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumours is quite interesting for the varied spectrum we come across and the significant morbidity they cause. They constitute 2% of all adult malignancies but there is 20% of childhood malignancies. Even though there is bimodal age peaks in the incidence, paediatric age group CNS tumours are quite different biologically and histologically from adult brain tumours. Some of the brain tumours have a dismal prognosis while some have good outcome depending on the extent of removal. Aim: To study the trend of the incidence of various CNS tumours and their histological subtypes at ESIC Sanathnagar, Hyderabad, India over a period of seven years. Materials and Methods: The present study is a retrospective descriptive analysis of CNS specimens received at the Department of Pathology, ESIC Superspeciality Hospital, Sanathnagar over a period of seven years which were confirmed on Histopathological Examination (HPE) as CNS tumours. This article is a study of CNS tumours, their trends in incidence in accordance with their age, sex, clinical presentation, and site of occurrence. The specimens were formalin fixed, underwent routine automatic tissue processing, paraffin embedded and Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining was done. Immunohistochemistry, special stains were done when necessary. Reporting was done according to the prevailing World Health Organisation (WHO) classification system of tumours of the CNS (2007/2016). The results were analysed using percentages and mean scores. Results: In this study, gliomas, meningiomas and schwannomas were the most common groups with higher incidence in males in the age group of 40-50 years. The frontal lobe was most commonly involved. Conclusion: In this study, an emphasis was laid on the variety of CNS tumours that are generally encountered, their age and gender distribution. Histopathological confirmation seems to be the gold standard and is an essential preliminary step for management.
Primary Renal Synovial Sarcoma- A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Kori Netra P , Ranade Ranjana Shashidhar , Myageri Aneel
Published: June 2022

Synovial sarcoma arising primarily in kidney is very rare, accounting for <2% of all malignant renal neoplasms. This tumour poses diagnostic dilemma as it mimics histologically with many other commonly presenting kidney tumours. Here, a 32-year-old female is reported who presented with gross haematuria and flank pain for three months. She complained recent increase in frequency of micturition, poor stream and incomplete emptying of bladder. Clinical possibility of urinary tract infection, urolithiasis, and renal neoplasm were considered. Right lower pole renal mass lesion of soft tissue density measuring 7.2×8.1×6.4 cm was found on radiologic examination. Grossly, well-circumscribed fleshy friable tumour with microcystic and haemorrhagic areas were noted. Monotonous small blue round cells arranged in sheets and in peritheliomatous pattern was noted upon microscopic examination. Histopathological differentials included were ewing sarcoma, adult wilm tumour, Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) and rhabdomyosarcoma. A remote possibility of synovial sarcoma was also considered. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) revealed positivity with CD99, CD56, Bcl2 and TLE1. Characteristic histomorphology aided by typical immunohistochemical findings unravelled a diagnostic surprise of a rare renal tumour Primary Renal Synovial Sarcoma (PRSS).
Characterisation of Candida in Vulvovaginitis Patients with Special Reference to Non- albicans from a Tertiary Care Hospital in Mumbai, India
Authors: Malak Nazneen I , Khan Nishat , Baradkar Vasant , Shastri Jayanthi S
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (VVC) is one of the commonest vaginal infections caused by Candida spp. affecting women of reproductive age group. Though Candida spp. is of endogenous origin several host related and behavioural factors can contribute to the development of infection. Candida albicans is the commonest spp. responsible for infection. However, an increasing emergence of Non-albicans Candida (NAC) has led to the development of recurrent infections, treatment failure and complications. Aim: To characterise Candida spp. isolated from clinically suspected cases of VVC. Materials and Methods: It was an observational prospective study done during the period of May 2017 to Oct 2018. A total of 150 vaginal isolates from samples of vaginal discharge were included in the study. Candida spp identification was done by various methods like gram stain, germ tube test, culture on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA), Dalmau culture on corn meal agar, colour differentiation on CHROMagar (Chromogenic agar) and sugar assimilation tests. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Women of age group 26-35 years were most commonly affected population. Candida albicans (49.3%) and NAC (50.7%) both were present in almost equal number. The commonest isolate found was Candida albicans (49.3%) followed by Candida glabrata (29.3%) and Candida tropicalis (21.4%). Conclusion: Highest infection rate (54%) was seen in the women of age group 26-35 years. Candida albicans being the commonest spp. As NAC are emerging rapidly, speciation will play a vital role in appropriate selection of antifungal agents for the treatment of fungal infections prior to the initiation of therapy.
Review on Impacts of Energy Factors on Real Estate Values
Authors: Farhaoui Mohamed , Slimani Pr. Chahid
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Real estate valuation is an issue of particular concern. It depends on many factors such as economic social and physical factors. The energy is one of the important factor, which affects the real estate value. In property appraisal, the energy can be considered as a price-setting factor in market price of real estate. Then, it is so difficult for real estate appraiser to determine why property price differ and how much this difference can be attributed to particular distinguishing features such as energy.

Many studies have exanimated the effects of various factors on real estate value such as transportation, location, conditions, houses features, pollution. However, the energy is not much analyzed as factor of real estate value despite it great role in real estate value determination. This paper seeks to fill that void by examining the effects of energy on property values: power tower, power lines, energy transformation plants.

Methods: The study is engaged in a legal doctrinal analysis of law and scientific research findings. It analyses decisions from courts and tribunals related to the impacts of energy on property prices in order to establish their views of energy factor in determining real estate values and who bears the responsibility of property appreciation or depreciation.

Results: the paper highlights many aspects related to energy as value factor of real estate, it can be used to assess the market price and determine the influence of energy factor may have on the property final market value.

Discussions: This research informs property appraisers of the energy importance in real estate appreciation and increasing value. However, in few cases, the energy could decrease the property value specially properties near or below high voltage line power or transformations plants if the risk is shared and approved.
Design and Fabrication of Manually Operated Paddy Weeder
Authors: Ishore Bibek , Gupta J. P.
Published: June 2022

A manual type operated weeder was designed and developed at the workshop of the Department of Farm Machinery and Power at BCKV, Nadia district, West Bengal, India. This Study was conducted to know the design features of manually operated weeders for paddy weeding. The weeder was made of locally available materials to reduce the cost of weeding. The weeder was tested at the experimental field of the Department of Farm Machinery and Power to evaluate its functional and economical parameters. The travel speed of this type weeder is 1.3 km/h. The weeding efficiency of weeder was found 65.6% to 74.2%. The average field capacity of the weeder was observed as 0.013 ha/h.

The field efficiency of this type weeder was found as 81.2%. The plant damage of this weeder was found as 2.96%. Operating cost of this type weeder is Rs. 3557.3/ha. Therefore, designed of this type weeder is the best in terms of cost of operation and it is more economical compared to other weeding operation.
Multivariate Analysis in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Yield and Yield Contributing Traits
Authors: Neha . , Yadav Aneeta , Verma Saurav
Published: June 2022

The present investigation was conducted to examine the 20 Bread Wheat genotypes to study the genetic parameters, correlation and genetic diversity. The experiment was carried out in main experimental station of Agricultural Research Farm, Rama University (U.P), Mandhana, Kanpur during Rabi Season, 2020-21 in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. Analysis of variance showed highly significant differences among 20 Bread Wheat for 11 characters studied. Genetic divergence was estimated among 20 genotypes by using Mahalanobis’s D2 statistic. The genotypes were grouped into 5 clusters. Cluster 1 comprises maximum genotypes which is 15 in numbers namely (HPST-16-17-07, BHU 25, BHU 31, ZINCO1, ANKUR, PBW Zn 1, WB 02, HPAN 101, HPAN 147, HPAN 164, HPAN 57, HPAN 65, HPAN 111, HPAN 127, HD 2967) followed by cluster 2 comprises 1 genotypes ((HPAN 42), cluster 3 comprises 1 genotype (HPST 16 -17-15), cluster 4 comprises 2 genotype (HPST 16-17-16, CRD GHEHU 1), cluster 5 comprises 1 genotype (PBW 677). The maximum Intra-cluster (D2) was registered for cluster 1 (7.93). Inter-cluster distance (D2) was found maximum between cluster 4 and cluster 5. Cluster 4 showed maximum cluster mean value for grain yield per plant. Cluster means indicated that none of the clusters was superior for all the characters studied. Therefore, hybridization between genotypes belonging to different clusters is suggested for development of superior genotypes. Thousand seed weight was the main factor contributing towards genetic diversity accounting for (26.32%) followed by grain per spikelets (25.79%).
Effect of Social Determinants on Knowledge and Barriers to the use of Preventive Measures against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Padilla-Raygoza Nicolas , Flores-Vargas Gilberto , Gallardo-Luna María de Jesús , Navarro-Olivos Efraín , Meza-Rodríguez Jorge Patricio
Published: June 2022

Aims: To analyze the effect of social determinants on knowledge and barriers to using protective measures against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Study Design:  Analytical cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Sample: Institute of Public Health Staff from Guanajuato State and their relatives, between June 2009 and July 2010.

Methodology: As social determinants, data on age, sex, marital status, and academic degree were obtained. Knowledge and barriers were quantified by a purposely designed questionnaire, with construct validity and reliability of 0.70 (95% CI 0.61 - 0.78) (Cohen's Kappa). The survey was sent by e-mail to the Institute workers. They were allowed to invite their relatives aged 18 or over.

Results: 1,414 questionnaires were obtained with a participation rate of 9.49%. The age ranged from 18 to 75 years, with a mean of 39.51 ± 10.02 years. Women predominated with 69.59%, persons with married status with 51.49%, and academic degrees with 55.80%. All participants showed adequate knowledge. There were internal and external barriers. The only one that showed a relationship and effect with social determinants was that the protective measures were expensive (with gender, X2= 10.35 df 1 P=.001), OR=0.65 (95% CI 0.50 – 0.85); for the rest of the social determinants (age, marital status, and academic degree) they did not show any relationship or effect.

Conclusion: All participants had adequate knowledge and a few barriers to using the preventive measures against SARS-CoV-2.
Evaluation of Toxicity effects of Ethanol Extract of Fruit Rind of Cucumis metuliferus on the Biochemical, Hematological and Histological Parameters of Albino Rats
Authors: Ani Onuabuchi Nnenna , Ezeigwe Obiajulu Christian , Agbo Chidera Augustine
Published: June 2022

Background: Fruit rinds/peels form major part of food waste, yet they possess nutrients and biologically-active constituents which have been found useful in nutrition and therapy. Nevertheless, the safety of their usage is a drawback and therefore requires a complete evaluation of their safety profile. This study evaluated the biochemical, hematological and histological toxic effects of the ethanol extract of the fruit rind of Cucumis metuliferus in albino rats.

Methods: The acute oral toxicity test (LD50) was done using Lorke’s method and then 16 male albino rats in four (4) groups (A, B, C and D) of four rats (4) with mean weight of 173.8 g were daily administered orally with 100, 200, 400 mg/kg body weight of the extract respectively with group D serving as the control. Treatment lasted for 14 days after which blood samples were collected for biochemical and hematological assays. Kidney, liver and heart were removed and fixed in 10% formalin solution for histological studies.

Results: The LD50 result showed no death and toxic sign up to 5000 mg/kg bodyweight. The result of biochemical assays in comparison between the treated and control groups showed no significant difference (p>0.05) in the levels of liver enzymes, albumin, total protein and the antioxidant enzyme activities. However, creatinine, direct and total bilirubin of group A indicated a significant difference (p<0.05) when compared with the other groups. Hematology as well as biochemical parameters of the kidney and lipid of the treated groups showed significant difference (p<0.05) in the electrolytes, cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels while there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the urea, triglyceride and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels when compared with the control. Some degenerative histological changes were found in the kidney, liver and heart tissues.

Conclusion: The ethanol extract of the fruit rind of Cucumis metuliferus caused some biochemical and histological alterations and may not be safe. Therefore, caution should be exercised when in use.