bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Etching on the Optical, Morphological Properties of Ag Thin Films for SERS Active Substrates
Authors: Rajesh Desapogu , Mahendar M. , Sunandana C. S.
Published: September 2013

Structural, optical, and morphological properties of Ag thin films before and after etching were investigated by using X‐ray diffraction, UV‐Vis spectrophotometer, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The HNO3 roughened Ag thin films exhibit excellent enhancement features and better stability than pure Ag thin films. Further, the Ag nanostructures are covered with Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) and then tested with surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (SERS) for active substrates. Etched Ag films were found to exhibit a strong SERS effect and excellent thermal stability. Hence, the present method is found to be useful in the development of plasmon‐based analytical devices, especially SERS‐based biosensors.
Digital Microscopy Assessment of Angiogenesis in Different Breast Cancer Compartments
Authors: Haisan Anca , Rogojanu Radu , Croitoru Camelia , Jitaru Daniela , Tarniceriu Cristina , Danciu Mihai , Carasevici Eugen
Published: September 2013

Background/Aim. Tumour angiogenesis defined by microvessel density (MVD) is generally accepted as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. However, due to variability of measurement systems and cutoffs, it is questionable to date whether it contributes to predictive outline. Our study aims to grade vascular heterogeneity by comparing clear-cut compartments: tumour associated stroma (TAS), tumour parenchyma, and tumour invasive front.Material and Methods. Computerized vessel area measurement was performed using a tissue cytometry system (TissueFAXS) on slides originated from 50 patients with breast cancer. Vessels were marked using immunohistochemistry with CD34. Regions of interest were manually defined for each tumour compartment.Results. Tumour invasive front vascular endothelia area was 2.15 times higher than that in tumour parenchyma and 4.61 times higher than that in TAS (P<0.002). Worth to mention that the lymph node negative subgroup of patients show a slight but constant increase of vessel index in all examined compartments of breast tumour.Conclusion. Whole slide digital examination and region of interest (ROI) analysis are a valuable tool in scoring angiogenesis markers and disclosing their prognostic capacity. Our study reveals compartments’ variability of vessel density inside the tumour and highlights the propensity of invasive front to associate an active process of angiogenesis with potential implications in adjuvant therapy.
Evaluation of Preoxidized SUS304 as a Catalyst for Hydrocarbon Reforming
Authors: de la Rama S. R. , Kawai S. , Yamada H. , Tagawa T.
Published: September 2013

The feasibility of oxidation pretreated SUS304 alloy tube as a hydrocarbon reforming catalyst was investigated. It was hypothesized that preoxidation resulted in the dispersion of the active component and the formation of mixed metal oxides on the surface of the alloy which consequently rendered the alloy tube catalytically active towards reforming reaction. Oxidation pretreatment was done in O2 at 1000°C for 2 hours followed by a catalytic evaluation at 730°C for 2 hours. Tetradecane was used as a model compound for steam, partial oxidation, and CO2 reforming experiments. According to the collected XRD pattern, α-Fe2O3 and Cr2O3 were formed after oxidation pretreatment. In addition, SEM-EDX analysis showed a very rough surface composed of oxygen, chromium, iron, and nickel. Catalytic evaluation of the sample displayed activity towards partial oxidation and CO2 reforming which led to the conclusion that oxidation pretreated SUS304 alloy tube has a potential as a catalyst for partial oxidation and CO2 reforming of hydrocarbons. However, the varying activity observed suggested that each reforming reaction requires a specific formulation and morphology.
The Effect of Silver Nitrate Pleurodesis after a Failed Thoracoscopic Talc Poudrage
Authors: Menna Cecilia , Andreetti Claudio , Ibrahim Mohsen , Maurizi Giulio , Poggi Camilla , Barile Rocco , Cassiano Francesco , Rendina Erino A.
Published: September 2013

Background. Chemical pleurodesis is the procedure of choice in the management of recurrent malignant pleural effusions (MPE). Talc is probably the most effective sclerosant, with a success rate of 80%. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of silver nitrate solution (SNS) pleurodesis after an unsuccessful thoracoscopic talc poudrage.Methods. Between 2011 and 2013 one hundred and nine patients with unilateral MPE underwent thoracoscopic talc poudrage. Seventeen patients who did not obtain a successful pleurodesis via thoracoscopic procedure were considered for an SNS slurry. The pleural injectate consisted of 100 mL 1% SNS with 10 mL of lidocaine (100 mg/5 mL). The SNS procedure was undertaken once and repeated with the same dose in 5 patients.Results. The duration of follow-up period was 30 days. Subjective pain was low and the same before and after SNS procedure ( value = NS). The mean daily fluid drainage was statistically different () comparing values before ( mL) and after SNS procedure ( mL). After 30 days from SNS procedure recurrence of pleural effusion was observed in 2 patients (11%).Conclusions. The present study demonstrates that SNS is an effective agent for producing pleurodesis after a failed thoracoscopic talc poudrage.
Finite-Time Combination-Combination Synchronization for Hyperchaotic Systems
Authors: Lin Huini , Cai Jianping , Wang Jincheng
Published: September 2013

A new type of finite-time synchronization with two drive systems and two response systems is presented. Based on the finite-time stability theory, step-by-step control and nonlinear control method, a suitable controller is designed to achieve finite-time combination-combination synchronization among four hyperchaotic systems. Numerical simulations are shown to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control technique.
Exercise for Hepatic Fat Accumulation in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects
Authors: Bacchi Elisabetta , Moghetti Paolo
Published: September 2013

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by frequent ectopic fat accumulation in several tissues and organs. In particular, a number of studies showed that these subjects frequently have hepatic fat accumulation, which may play a role in the metabolic abnormalities typical of diabetes and has been also linked to increased risk for cardiovascular disease. In the last decade, the effect of exercise on ectopic fat content of type 2 diabetic patients has raised growing interest. However, there are only a few small randomized controlled trials on this topic. Results from these intervention studies indicate that exercise training, independent of dietary modifications, may reduce hepatic fat content and serum transaminases in these patients, suggesting that exerciseper semay be an effective strategy to be combined with the traditional dietary interventions. As regards the different training modalities, there is recent evidence that both aerobic and resistance exercise may equally reduce hepatic fat accumulation in type 2 diabetic subjects. However, information regarding the effect of exercise on liver histology and fat accumulation in other ectopic sites is still very limited.
Combined Effects of Mechanical Strain and Hydroxyapatite/Collagen Composite on Osteogenic Differentiation of Rat Bone Marrow Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Huang Yan , Niu Xufeng , Song Wei , Guan Changdong , Feng Qingling , Fan Yubo
Published: September 2013

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent a promising source for bone repair and regeneration. Recent lines of evidence have shown that appropriate strain could regulate the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. Our previous study demonstrated that hydroxyapatite/collagen (HA/Col) composite also played an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of mechanical strain and HA/Col composite on the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow derived MSCs (rBMSCs) in vitro. rBMSCs were treated with cyclic strain generated by a self‐designed stretching device with or without the presence of HA/Col composite. Osteogenic differentiation levels were evaluated using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), alkaline phosphatase spectrophotometry, and western blotting. The results demonstrated that mechanical strain combined with HA/Col composite could obviously induce the differentiation of rBMSCs into osteoblasts, which had a better effect than only mechanical strain or HA/Col composite treatment. This provides a new avenue for mechanistic studies of stem cell differentiation and a novel approach to obtain more committed differentiated cells.
Removal of Formaldehyde Using Highly Active Pt/TiO2Catalysts without Irradiation
Authors: Huang Haibao , Huang Huiling , Hu Peng , Ye Xinguo , Leung Dennis Y. C.
Published: September 2013

Formaldehyde (HCHO) is one of the major indoor air pollutants. TiO2supported Pt catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method and used to eliminate HCHO at room temperature without irradiation. The reduced Pt/TiO2catalyst (denoted as Pt/TiO2-H2) showed much higher activity than that calcined in air (denoted as Pt/TiO2-air). More than 96% of the conversion of HCHO was obtained over 0.5 wt% Pt/TiO2-H2, on which highly dispersed metallic Pt nanoparticles with very small size (~2 nm) were identified. Metallic Pt rather than cationic Pt nanoparticles provide the active sites for HCHO oxidation. Negatively charged metallic Pt nanoparticles facilitate the transfer of charge and oxygen species and the activation of oxygen.
The Existence Theorems of an Optimal Approximate Solution for Generalized Proximal Contraction Mappings
Authors: Sintunavarat Wutiphol , Kumam Poom
Published: September 2013

Recently, Basha (2011) established the best proximity point theorems for proximal contractions of the first and second kinds which are extension of Banach's contraction principle in the case of non-self-mappings. The aim of this paper is to extend and generalize the notions of proximal contractions of the first and second kinds which are more general than the notion of self-contractions, establish the existence of an optimal approximate solution theorems for these non-self-mappings, and also give examples to validate our main results.
Molecular Dynamic Simulation and Inhibitor Prediction of Cysteine Synthase Structured Model as a Potential Drug Target for Trichomoniasis
Authors: Singh Satendra , Sablok Gaurav , Farmer Rohit , Singh Atul Kumar , Gautam Budhayash , Kumar Sunil
Published: September 2013

In our presented research, we made an attempt to predict the 3D model for cysteine synthase (A2GMG5_TRIVA) using homology-modeling approaches. To investigate deeper into the predicted structure, we further performed a molecular dynamics simulation for 10 ns and calculated several supporting analysis for structural properties such as RMSF, radius of gyration, and the total energy calculation to support the predicted structured model of cysteine synthase. The present findings led us to conclude that the proposed model is stereochemically stable. The overall PROCHECK G factor for the homology-modeled structure was −0.04. On the basis of the virtual screening for cysteine synthase against the NCI subset II molecule, we present the molecule 1-N, 4-N-bis [3-(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl) phenyl] benzene-1,4-dicarboxamide (ZINC01690699) having the minimum energy score (−13.0 Kcal/Mol) and a log Pvalue of 6 as a potential inhibitory molecule used to inhibit the growth ofT. vaginalisinfection.
Network-Based Inference Framework for Identifying Cancer Genes from Gene Expression Data
Authors: Yang Bo , Zhang Junying , Yin Yaling , Zhang Yuanyuan
Published: September 2013

Great efforts have been devoted to alleviate uncertainty of detected cancer genes as accurate identification of oncogenes is of tremendous significance and helps unravel the biological behavior of tumors. In this paper, we present a differential network-based framework to detect biologically meaningful cancer-related genes. Firstly, a gene regulatory network construction algorithm is proposed, in which a boosting regression based on likelihood score and informative prior is employed for improving accuracy of identification. Secondly, with the algorithm, two gene regulatory networks are constructed from case and control samples independently. Thirdly, by subtracting the two networks, a differential-network model is obtained and then used to rank differentially expressed hub genes for identification of cancer biomarkers. Compared with two existing gene-based methods (t-test and lasso), the method has a significant improvement in accuracy both on synthetic datasets and two real breast cancer datasets. Furthermore, identified six genes (TSPYL5, CD55, CCNE2, DCK, BBC3,andMUC1) susceptible to breast cancer were verified through the literature mining, GO analysis, and pathway functional enrichment analysis. Among these oncogenes,TSPYL5andCCNE2have been already known as prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer,CD55has been suspected of playing an important role in breast cancer prognosis from literature evidence, and other three genes are newly discovered breast cancer biomarkers. More generally, the differential-network schema can be extended to other complex diseases for detection of disease associated-genes.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 6‐Bromo‐2‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐3‐(prop‐2‐ynyl)‐3H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine
Authors: Kandri Rodi Youssef , Luis Santiago V. , Martí Inés , Martí-Centelles Vicente , Ouzidan Younès
Published: September 2013

The crystal and molecular structure of 6‐bromo‐2‐(furan‐2‐yl)‐3‐(prop‐2‐ynyl)‐3H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (C13H8BrN3O) has been investigated from single crystal X‐ray diffraction data. The primary focus is to investigate the molecular geometry of this compound in the solid state along with the associated intermolecular hydrogen bonding and related π‐π interactions present in the crystal packing. This compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with cell parameters: a = 4.39655(19) Å, b = 13.5720(5) Å, c = 20.0471(5) Å, β = 94.753(3), V = 1192.10(7) Å3, D = 1.683 g·cm−3, and Z = 4. The crystal structure is stabilized by π‐π interactions and intermolecular C–H⋯N and C–H⋯O interactions.
Realization of a Biped Robot Lower Limb Walking without Double Support Phase on Uneven Terrain
Authors: Wang Hai-yan , Li Yi-bin
Published: September 2013

Zero moment point (ZMP) is widely used in dynamical walking control of the biped robot, but it is hard to obtain the ZMP exactly. The paper describes a simple walking control method without using ZMP information directly. Firstly, the paper introduced a biped robot lower-limb prototype which is driven by linear hydraulic servocylinder. Then the paper simplifies the walking control in the lateral plane with a simple walking pattern generation method named “dynamic equilibrium method,” which is fit for active and underactuated biped robots. In the following section the paper provides the balance control methods without using ZMP information directly. Finally, simulation experiments with MD.DAMS and experiments in physical prototype are given. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed control methods.
Dissection of Biological Property of Chinese Acupuncture Point Zusanli Based on Long-Term Treatment via Modulating Multiple Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Yan Guangli , Zhang Aihua , Sun Hui , Cheng Weiping , Meng Xiangcai , Liu Li , Zhang Yingzhi , Xie Ning , Wang Xijun
Published: September 2013

Acupuncture has a history of over 3000 years and is a traditional Chinese medical therapy that uses hair-thin metal needles to puncture the skin at specific points on the body to promote wellbeing, while its molecular mechanism and ideal biological pathways are still not clear. High-throughput metabolomics is the global assessment of endogenous metabolites within a biologic system and can potentially provide a more accurate snap shot of the actual physiological state. We hypothesize that acupuncture-treated human would produce unique characterization of metabolic phenotypes. In this study, UPLC/ESI-HDMS coupled with pattern recognition methods and system analysis were carried out to investigate the mechanism and metabolite biomarkers for acupuncture treatment at “Zusanli” acupoint (ST-36) as a case study. The top 5 canonical pathways includingalpha-linolenic acid metabolism, d-glutamine and d-glutamate metabolism, citrate cycle, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and vitamin B6 metabolism pathways were acutely perturbed, and 53 differential metabolites were identified by chemical profiling and may be useful to clarify the physiological basis and mechanism of ST-36. More importantly, network construction has led to the integration of metabolites associated with the multiple perturbation pathways. Urine metabolic profiling might be a promising method to investigate the molecular mechanism of acupuncture.
Catatonia, Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome, and Cotard Syndrome in a 22-Year-Old Woman: A Case Report
Authors: Weiss C. , Santander J. , Torres R.
Published: September 2013

The following case study describes a 22-year-old woman with depression and symptoms of psychosis who developed neuroleptic malignant syndrome after using Risperidone, thus requiring life support equipment and Bromocriptine, later recovering after seven days. From a psychiatric and neurological point of view, however, the persistence of catatonic syndrome and Cotard syndrome delusions was observed, based on assertions such as “I do not have a heart,” “my heart is not beating,” “I can not breathe,” “I am breaking apart,” “I have no head” (ideas of negation) and statements about the patient being responsible for the “death of the whole world” (ideas of enormity). Brain NMR revealed leukoencephalopathy, interpreted as scar lesions caused by perinatal neurological damage, after discarding other pathologies. The patient responded well to electroconvulsive therapy after 11 sessions. Organic vulnerability to these syndromes, as well as their coexistence and clinical differentiation is discussed in the light of the data observed.
Application of Digital Image Cross Correlation to Study Sinkhole Collapse
Authors: Ahmed Mahmoud
Published: September 2013

This paper presents the results of a study using a transparent soil experimental technique and numerical modeling to detect 3D deformations resulting from submerged cavities that lead to a sinkhole. Excessive deformations from underground activity beneath highway pavements could lead to sinkhole collapse. The formation of a sinkhole is often sudden and can lead to extensive damage and loss of life, especially in urban areas. The use of transparent soils permitted the visualization of internal ground deformations which allowed for comprehensive evaluation of the extension of failure. A series of finite element analyses have also been carried out for the tests conditions. The observed sinkhole, at the surface, is found to be a small indicator of the final size and magnitude of the internal deformations as a subsequent funnel-shaped depression developed with a hole at the center. The modeling results emphasized the need to extend the repair zone following sinkhole collapse by a minimum distance that equals twice the cavity diameter away and ahead of the developed hole. Results of this study are believed to be of practical interest for predicting surface and internal ground deformations following sinkhole collapse which could be useful for the stability assessment of underground utilities and the development of a restoration plan after collapse occurred. The results also provided approximate bounds to areas affected by the sinkhole allowing for collapse risk to be assessed.
Boundary Controllability of a Pseudoparabolic Equation
Authors: Tao Qiang , Gao Hang , Yao Zheng-an
Published: September 2013

We deal with the controllability problem for the pseudoparabolic equation by means of boundary controls. Due to the unusual spectrum of this kind of equations, we prove that the null controllability property is false. Furthermore, by the explicit solution, we show that the approximate controllability holds.
Numerical Investigation of Heat Transfer and Friction Factor Characteristics in a Circular Tube Fitted with V‐Cut Twisted Tape Inserts
Authors: Salman Sami D. , Kadhum Abdul Amir H. , Takriff Mohd S. , Mohamad Abu Bakar
Published: September 2013

Numerical investigation of the heat transfer and friction factor characteristics of a circular fitted with V‐cut twisted tape (VCT) insert with twist ratio (y = 2.93) and different cut depths (w = 0.5, 1, and 1.5 cm) were studied for laminar flow using CFD package (FLUENT‐6.3.26). The data obtained from plain tube were verified with the literature correlation to ensure the validation of simulation results. Classical twisted tape (CTT) with different twist ratios (y = 2.93, 3.91, 4.89) were also studied for comparison. The results show that the enhancement of heat transfer rate induced by the classical and V‐cut twisted tape inserts increases with the Reynolds number and decreases with twist ratio. The results also revealed that the V‐cut twisted tape with twist ratio y = 2.93 and cut depth w = 0.5 cm offered higher heat transfer rate with significant increases in friction factor than other tapes. In addition the results of V‐cut twist tape compared with experimental and simulated data of right‐left helical tape inserts (RLT), it is found that the V‐cut twist tape offered better thermal contact between the surface and the fluid which ultimately leads to a high heat transfer coefficient. Consequently, 107% of maximum heat transfer was obtained by using this configuration.
Address Assignment in Indoor Wireless Networks Using Deterministic Channel Simulation
Authors: Holleis Edgar , Grimm Christoph
Published: September 2013

A crucial step during commissioning of wireless sensor and automation networks is assigning high-level node addresses (e.g., floor/room/fixture) to nodes mounted at their respective location. This address assignment typically requires visiting every single node prior to, during, or after mounting. For large-scale networks it also presents a considerable logistical effort. This paper describes a new approach to automatically assign high-level addresses without visiting every node. First, the wireless channel is simulated using a deterministic channel simulation in order to obtain node-to-node estimates of path loss. Next, the channel is measured by a precommissioning test procedure on the live network. In a third step, results from measurements and simulation are condensed into graphs and matched against each other. The resulting problem, identified as weighted graph matching, is solved heuristically. Viability of the approach and its performance is demonstrated by means of a publicly available test data set, which the algorithm is able to solve flawlessly. Further points of interest are the conditions that lead to high quality address assignments.
Layer-Based Data Aggregation and Performance Analysis in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Cheng Hongju , Chen Yongzhao , Xiong Naixue , Li Feifei
Published: September 2013

Due to the similarity and correlation among sensed data in wireless sensor network, it is an important way to reduce the number of packets transmitted with data aggregation technology so as to prolong the network lifetime. However, data aggregation is still a challenging issue since quality-of-service, such as end-to-end delay, is generally considered as a severe criterion required in many applications. We focus on the minimum-latency data aggregation problem and proposed a new efficient scheme for it. The basic idea is that we first build an aggregation tree by ordering nodes into layers, and then we proposed a scheduling algorithm on the basis of the aggregation tree to determine the transmission time slots for all nodes in the network with collision avoiding. We have proved that the upper bound for data aggregation with our proposed scheme is bounded by(15R+Δ-15)for wireless sensor networks in two-dimensional space. Extensive simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed scheme has better practical performance compared with related works.
Multiattribute Decision Making Based on Entropy under Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy Environment
Authors: Zhang Yingjun , Li Peihua , Wang Yizhi , Ma Peijun , Su Xiaohong
Published: September 2013

Multiattribute decision making (MADM) is one of the central problems in artificial intelligence, specifically in management fields. In most cases, this problem arises from uncertainty both in the data derived from the decision maker and the actions performed in the environment. Fuzzy set and high-order fuzzy sets were proven to be effective approaches in solving decision-making problems with uncertainty. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the MADM problem with completely unknown attribute weights in the framework of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy (IVIF) set (IVIFS). We first propose a new definition of IVIF entropy and some calculation methods for IVIF entropy. Furthermore, we propose an entropy-based decision-making method to solve IVIF MADM problems with completely unknown attribute weights. Particular emphasis is put on assessing the attribute weights based on IVIF entropy. Instead of the traditional methods, which use divergence among attributes or the probabilistic discrimination of attributes to obtain attribute weights, we utilize the IVIF entropy to assess the attribute weights based on the credibility of the decision-making matrix for solving the problem. Finally, a supplier selection example is given to demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed MADM method.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Thiourea Derivatives and Their Nickel and Copper Complexes
Authors: Binzet Gün , Kavak Gülten , Külcü Nevzat , Özbey Süheyla , Flörke Ulrich , Arslan Hakan
Published: September 2013

New benzoyl thiourea derivatives and their nickel and copper complexes were synthesized. The structure of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis, FT‐IR, and 1H NMR techniques. Four of the synthesized compounds are analyzed by X‐ray single crystal diffraction technique. Whereas N,N‐dimethyl‐N′‐(4‐fluorobenzoyl)thiourea, N,N‐diethyl‐N′‐(4‐fluorobenzoyl)thiourea, and N,N‐di‐n‐butyl‐N′‐(4‐fluorobenzoyl) thiourea crystallize in the monoclinic system, bis(N,N‐di‐n‐propyl‐N′‐(4‐fluorobenzoyl)thioureato) nickel(II) complex crystallizes in the triclinic system. These ligand molecules form dimers through strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds such as N–H⋯S, C–H⋯O, and N–H⋯O. Moreover, there are different types of intramolecular interactions in the crystal structures. Bis(N,N‐dimethyl‐N′‐(4‐fluorobenzoyl)thioureato) nickel(II) complex has a nearly square‐planar coordination. The distance of nickel atom from the best plane through the coordination sphere is 0.029 Å.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Platelet Gel Improve Bone Deposition within CAD-CAM Custom-Made Ceramic HA Scaffolds for Condyle Substitution
Authors: Ciocca L. , Donati D. , Ragazzini S. , Dozza B. , Rossi F. , Fantini M. , Spadari A. , Romagnoli N. , Landi E. , Tampieri A. , Piattelli A. , Iezzi G. , Scotti R.
Published: September 2013

Purpose. This study evaluated the efficacy of a regenerative approach using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and CAD-CAM customized pure and porous hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds to replace the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) condyle.Methods. Pure HA scaffolds with a 70% total porosity volume were prototyped using CAD-CAM technology to replace the two temporomandibular condyles (left and right) of the same animal. MSCs were derived from the aspirated iliac crest bone marrow, and platelets were obtained from the venous blood of the sheep. Custom-made surgical guides were created by direct metal laser sintering and were used to export the virtual planning of the bone cut lines into the surgical environment. Sheep were sacrificed 4 months postoperatively. The HA scaffolds were explanted, histological specimens were prepared, and histomorphometric analysis was performed.Results. Analysis of the porosity reduction for apposition of newly formed bone showed a statistically significant difference in bone formation between condyles loaded with MSC and condyles without (P<0.05). The bone ingrowth (BI) relative values of split-mouth comparison (right versus left side) showed a significant difference between condyles with and without MSCs (P<0.05). Analysis of the test and control sides in the same animal using a split-mouth study design was performed; the condyle with MSCs showed greater bone formation.Conclusion. The split-mouth design confirmed an increment of bone regeneration into the HA scaffold of up to 797% upon application of MSCs.
A Comparative Cytotoxic Evaluation of Acrylamide and Diacetone Acrylamide to Investigate Their Suitability for Holographic Photopolymer Formulations
Authors: Cody Dervil , Casey Alan , Naydenova Izabela , Mihaylova Emilia
Published: September 2013

The comparative cytotoxic evaluation of two monomers, diacetone acrylamide (DA) and acrylamide (AA) used in holographic photopolymer formulations, is reported. Two normal cell lines were used: BEAS-2B and HaCaT. Cellular viability was assessed using the MTT assay for three different exposure times. A difference of two orders of magnitude is observed in the lethal dose (LD50) concentrations of the two monomers. Diacetone acrylamide exhibits a significantly lower toxicity profile in comparison to acrylamide at all exposure times. This result justifies the replacement of acrylamide with diacetone acrylamide in the photopolymer formulation, with the view to reducing occupational hazard risks for large-scale holographic device fabrication. A comparative study investigating the holographic recording ability of the two photopolymers in transmission mode showed that the DA photopolymer is capable of reaching refractive index modulation values of3.3×10-3, which is 80% of the refractive index modulation achieved by the AA photopolymer. This makes the DA-based photopolymers suitable for a wide range of applications.
Control of Respiratory Motion by Hypnosis Intervention during Radiotherapy of Lung Cancer I
Authors: Li Rongmao , Deng Jie , Xie Yaoqin
Published: September 2013

The uncertain position of lung tumor during radiotherapy compromises the treatment effect. To effectively control respiratory motion during radiotherapy of lung cancer without any side effects, a novel control scheme, hypnosis, has been introduced in lung cancer treatment. In order to verify the suggested method, six volunteers were selected with a wide range of distribution of age, weight, and chest circumference. A set of experiments have been conducted for each volunteer, under the guidance of the professional hypnotist. All the experiments were repeated in the same environmental condition. The amplitude of respiration has been recorded under the normal state and hypnosis, respectively. Experimental results show that the respiration motion of volunteers in hypnosis has smaller and more stable amplitudes than in normal state. That implies that the hypnosis intervention can be an alternative way for respiratory control, which can effectively reduce the respiratory amplitude and increase the stability of respiratory cycle. The proposed method will find useful application in image-guided radiotherapy.
Constraint on Heavy Element Production in Inhomogeneous Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis from the Light Element Observations
Authors: Nakamura Riou , Hashimoto Masa-aki , Fujimoto Shin-ichiro , Sato Katsuhiko
Published: September 2013

We investigate the observational constraints on the inhomogeneous big-bang nucleosynthesis that Matsuura et al. (2005) suggested that states the possibility of the heavy element production beyond 7Li in the early universe. From the observational constraints on light elements of 4He and D, possible regions are found on the plane of the volume fraction of the high-density region against the ratio between high- and low-density regions. In these allowed regions, we have confirmed that the heavy elements beyond Ni can be produced appreciably, where p- and/or r-process elements are produced well simultaneously.
Comparison between Amnisure Placental Alpha Microglobulin-1 Rapid Immunoassay and Standard Diagnostic Methods for Detection of Rupture of Membranes
Authors: Ng Beng Kwang , Lim Pei Shan , Shafiee Mohamad Nasir , Abdul Ghani Nur Azurah , Mohamed Ismail Nor Azlin , Omar Mohd Hashim , Muhammad Yassin Muhammad Abdul Jamil
Published: September 2013

Objective. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of placental alpha microglobulin-1 assay and standard diagnostic methods for detecting rupture of membrane.Study Design. Prospective diagnostic study, between June 2011 to November 2011 at a tertiary centre. Initial evaluation included both the standard diagnostic methods for rupture of membranes and placental alpha microglobulin-1 immunoassay. The actual rupture of membranes was diagnosed on review of the medical records after delivery (absence of membrane or a positive pad chart).Main Outcome Measures. Placental alpha microglobulin-1 immunoassay and standard diagnostic methods for diagnosis of rupture of membrane.Results. A total of 211 patients were recruited. At initial presentation, 187 patients (88.6%) had ruptured membranes, while 24 patients (11.4%) had intact membranes. Placental alpha microglobulin-1 immunoassay confirmed rupture of membranes at initial presentation with a sensitivity of 95.7% (179 of 187), specificity of 100% (24 of 24), positive predictive value of 100% (179 of 179), and negative predictive value of 75.0% (24 of 32). By comparison, the conventional standard diagnostic methods had a sensitivity of 78.1% (146 of 187), specificity of 100% (24 of 24), positive predictive value of 100% (146 of 146), and negative predictive value of 36.9% (24 of 65) in diagnosing rupture of membrane.Conclusion. Placental alpha-microglobulin-1 immunoassay is a rapid and accurate method for confirming the diagnosis of rupture of membrane. It was superior to conventional standard diagnostic methods (pooling, nitrazine, and ferning), the nitrazine test alone or fern test alone.
Spectrophotometric Simultaneous Determination of Salbutamol Sulfate and Ketotifen Fumarate in Combined Tablet Dosage Form by First-Order Derivative Spectroscopy Method
Authors: Joshi Parth R. , Parmar Shraddha J. , Patel Bhavna A.
Published: September 2013

Salbutamol sulfate and ketotifen fumarate are used in combination for the treatment of asthma. The present work deals with method development for simultaneous estimation of salbutamol sulfate and ketotifen fumarate in two-component tablet formulation by first-order derivative spectroscopy. For determination of sampling wavelength, 10 μg/mL of each of salbutamol and ketotifen was scanned in 200–400 nm ranges and sampling wavelengths were found to be 257 nm for salbutamol and 278 nm for ketotifen in first-order derivative spectroscopy. In this method, linearity was observed in the ranges of 5–45 μg/mL for salbutamol and 5–35 μg/mL for ketotifen. The % recovery was within the range between 98 and 102%, and % relative standard deviation for precision and accuracy of the method was found to be less than 2%. The method is validated as per international conference on harmonization guidelines. The method can be successfully applied for the simultaneous analysis of both drugs in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
Synchronization of Nonidentical Coupled Phase Oscillators in the Presence of Time Delay and Noise
Authors: Ray Somrita , Sen Monoj Kumar , Baura Alendu , Bag Bidhan Chandra
Published: September 2013

We have studied in this paper the dynamics of globally coupled phase oscillators having the Lorentzian
frequency distribution with zero mean in the presence of both time delay and noise. Noise may
be Gaussian or non-Gaussian in characteristics. In the limit of zero noise strength, we find that
the critical coupling strength (CCS) increases linearly as a function of time delay. Thus the role
of time delay in the dynamics for the deterministic system is qualitatively equivalent to the effect
of frequency fluctuations of the phase oscillators by additive white noise in absence of time delay.
But for the stochastic model, the critical coupling strength grows nonlinearly with the increase of
the time delay. The linear dependence of the critical coupling strength on the noise intensity also
changes to become nonlinear due to creation of additional phase difference among the oscillators
by the time delay. We find that the creation of phase difference plays an important role in the
dynamics of the system when the intrinsic correlation induced by the finite correlation time of the
noise is small. We also find that the critical coupling is higher for the non-Gaussian noise compared
to the Gaussian one due to higher effective noise strength.
A Regulatory Role of NAD Redox Status on Flavin Cofactor Homeostasis inS. cerevisiaeMitochondria
Authors: Giancaspero Teresa Anna , Locato Vittoria , Barile Maria
Published: September 2013

Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) are two redox cofactors of pivotal importance for mitochondrial functionality and cellular redox balance. Despite their relevance, the mechanism by which intramitochondrial NAD(H) and FAD levels are maintained remains quite unclear inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. We investigated here the ability of isolated mitochondria to degrade externally added FAD and NAD (in both its reduced and oxidized forms). A set of kinetic experiments demonstrated that mitochondrial FAD and NAD(H) destroying enzymes are different from each other and from the already characterized NUDIX hydrolases. We studied here, in some detail, FAD pyrophosphatase (EC 3.6.1.18), which is inhibited by NAD+and NADH according to a noncompetitive inhibition, withKivalues that differ from each other by an order of magnitude. These findings, together with the ability of mitochondrial FAD pyrophosphatase to metabolize endogenous FAD, presumably deriving from mitochondrial holoflavoproteins destined to degradation, allow for proposing a novel possible role of mitochondrial NAD redox status in regulating FAD homeostasis and/or flavoprotein degradation inS. cerevisiae.
Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization with Scout Particles for Library Materials Acquisition
Authors: Wu Yi-Ling , Ho Tsu-Feng , Shyu Shyong Jian , Lin Bertrand M. T.
Published: September 2013

Materials acquisition is one of the critical challenges faced by academic libraries. This paper presents an integer programming model of the studied problem by considering how to select materials in order to maximize the average preference and the budget execution rate under some practical restrictions including departmental budget, limitation of the number of materials in each category and each language. To tackle the constrained problem, we propose a discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) with scout particles, where each particle, represented as a binary matrix, corresponds to a candidate solution to the problem. An initialization algorithm and a penalty function are designed to cope with the constraints, and the scout particles are employed to enhance the exploration within the solution space. To demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed DPSO, a series of computational experiments are designed and conducted. The results are statistically analyzed, and it is evinced that the proposed DPSO is an effective approach for the studied problem.
An Efficient Green Procedure for Synthesis of Some Fluorinated Curcumin Analogues Catalyzed by Calcium Oxide under Microwave Irradiation and Its Antibacterial Evaluation
Authors: Elavarasan S. , Bhakiaraj D. , Elavarasan T. , Gopalakrishnan M.
Published: September 2013

A series of fluorine substituted curcumin analogues have been synthesized in a cheaper and greener method using calcium oxide as catalyst under microwave irradiation. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized by FT‐IR, MS, elemental analysis, and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques and screened for antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, β‐Heamolytic streptococcus, Shigella flexneri, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumonia. All the synthesized compounds are showing good zone of inhibition against the tested bacterial strains.
Robotic Intracorporeal Ileal Conduit Formation: Initial Experience from a Single UK Centre
Authors: Bishop Conrad V. , Vasdev Nikhil , Boustead Gregory , Adshead James M.
Published: September 2013

Objectives. To describe our technique of robotic intracorporeal ileal conduit formation (RICIC) during robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). To report our initial results of this new procedure.Patients and Methods. Seven male and one female patients underwent RARC with RICIC over a six-month period. Demographic, operative, and outcome data was collected prospectively. Median patient age was 75 years (range 62–78 years). Median followup was 9 months (range 7–14 months).Results. RARC with RICIC was performed successfully in all eight patients. The median total operating time was 360 minutes (range 310–440 minutes) with a median blood loss of 225 mL (range 50–1000 mL). The median length of stay was nine days (range 6–34 days). Four patients (50%) were discharged within seven days. Four patients (50%) experienced one or more complications. This included two Clavien I complications, two Clavien II complications, and two Clavien III complications. Two patients (25%) required transfusion of two units each. To date, there have been no complications associated with the ileal conduit.Conclusion. Whilst being technically challenging, this procedure is safe, feasible, and reproducible. Patients who avoid complication show potential for rapid recovery and early discharge.
The Maxwell-Boltzmann-Euler System with a Massive Scalar Field in All Bianchi Spacetimes
Authors: Ayissi Raoul Domingo , Noutchegueme Norbert , Mbeutcha Tchagna Hugues Paulin
Published: September 2013

We prove the existence and uniqueness of regular solution to the coupled Maxwell-Boltzmann-Euler system, which governs the collisional evolution of a kind of fast moving, massive, and charged particles, globally in time, in a Bianchi of types I to VIII spacetimes. We clearly define function spaces, and we establish all the essential energy inequalities leading to the global existence theorem.
Oxygen Uptake in Maximal Effort Constant Rate and Interval Running
Authors: Pratt Daniel , O′Brien Brendan J. , Clark Bradley
Published: September 2013

This study investigated differences in average of maximal effort interval running to maximal effort constant rate running at lactate threshold matched for time. The average and distance covered of 10 recreational male runners (: 4158 ± 390 mL·min−1) were compared between a maximal effort constant‐rate run at lactate threshold (CRLT), a maximal effort interval run (INT) consisting of 2 min at speed with 2 minutes at 50% of repeated 5 times, and a run at the average speed sustained during the interval run (CR submax). Data are presented as mean and 95% confidence intervals. The average for INT, 3451 (3269–3633) mL·min−1, 83% , was not significantly different to CRLT, 3464 (3285–3643) mL·min−1, 84% , but both were significantly higher than CR sub‐max, 3464 (3285–3643) mL·min−1, 76% . The distance covered was significantly greater in CLRT, 4431 (4202–3731) metres, compared to INT and CR sub‐max, 4070 (3831–4309) metres. The novel finding was that a 20‐minute maximal effort constant rate run uses similar amounts of oxygen as a 20‐minute maximal effort interval run despite the greater distance covered in the maximal effort constant‐rate run.
The Removal of Phenol and Its Derivatives from Aqueous Solutions by Adsorption on Petroleum Asphaltene
Authors: Ahmed Adam Omer El-Amin , Al-Dujaili Ammar Hani
Published: September 2013

This research describes the adsorption of phenol and o‐substituted phenols and xylenol isomers on petroleum asphaltenes from aqueous solution. The results revealed that the adsorption equilibrium data were best fitted with the generalized and Freundlich isotherms. For o‐substituted phenols, it was found that electron‐withdrawing groups increase the adsorption capacity. The uptake of these phenols decreases in the order: o‐nitrophenol > o‐chlorophenol > o‐aminophenol > o‐cresol > phenol, while the adsorption of xylenol isomers decreases in the order: 2,6‐xylenol > 2,5‐xylenol > 3,5‐xylenol > 3,4‐xylenol. Batch equilibrium results at different temperatures suggest that the adsorption of 2,6‐xylenol and 3,5‐xylenol onto asphaltene is an endothermic process, ΔG values obtained were positive indicating a nonspontaneous process with increasing randomness at the solid‐solution interface. The influence of solution pH on the adsorption of 3,5‐xylenol on asphaltenes was also investigated. The adsorption process was found to be independent on the solution pH. The adsorption capacity of 3,5‐xylenol was found to increase with the decrease in particle size of the adsorbent.
Potentiation of Antibiofilm Activity of Amphotericin B by Superoxide Dismutase Inhibition
Authors: De Brucker Katrijn , Bink Anna , Meert Els , Cammue Bruno P. A. , Thevissen Karin
Published: September 2013

This study demonstrates a role for superoxide dismutases (Sods) in governing tolerance ofCandida albicansbiofilms to amphotericin B (AmB). Coincubation ofC. albicansbiofilms with AmB and the Sod inhibitors N,N′-diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) or ammonium tetrathiomolybdate (ATM) resulted in reduced viable biofilm cells and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species levels as compared to incubation of biofilm cells with AmB, DDC, or ATM alone. Hence, Sod inhibitors can be used to potentiate the activity of AmB againstC. albicansbiofilms.
Temperature and Drug Treatments in Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency: AnEx VivoStudy
Authors: Tricarico Paola Maura , Kleiner Giulio , Piscianz Elisa , Zanin Valentina , Monasta Lorenzo , Crovella Sergio , Marcuzzi Annalisa
Published: September 2013

Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency (MKD) is a rare autosomal recessive inborn disorder of cholesterol biosynthesis caused by mutations in the mevalonate kinase (MK) gene, leading to MK enzyme decreased activity. The consequent shortage of mevalonate-derived isoprenoid compounds results in an inflammatory phenotype, caused by the activation of the NALP3 inflammasome that determines an increased caspase-1 activation and IL-1βrelease. In MKD, febrile temperature can further decrease the residual MK activity, leading to mevalonate pathway modulation and to possible disease worsening. We previously demonstrated that the administration of exogenous isoprenoids such as geraniol or the modulation of the enzymatic pathway with drugs, such as Tipifarnib, partially rescues the inflammatory phenotype associated with the defective mevalonic pathway. However, it has not been investigated yet how temperature can affect the success of these treatments. Thus, we investigated the effect of temperature on primary human monocytes from MKD patients. Furthermore the ability of geraniol and Tipifarnib to reduce the abnormal inflammatory response, already described at physiological temperature in MKD, was studied in a febrile condition. We evidenced the role of temperature in the modulation of the inflammatory events and suggested strongly considering this variable in future researches aimed at finding a treatment for MKD.