bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of peri‐implant soft tissue dehiscence around implants placed in calvarial bone graft maxilla and mandible 20 years ago: A case report
Authors: Watanabe Martha , Tanimura Rémy
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Despite tissue augmentation and management prior implantation, long‐term observation can reveal a change in peri‐implant phenotype with some lack of keratinized mucosa (KM). The treatment approach of peri‐implant dehiscence in multiple implants is not clearly defined. This report describes the different periodontal surgical approaches undertaken to promote the gingival margin stability and to prevent the peri‐implant mucosal inflammation over time.

Case Presentation

A 64‐year‐old woman with peri‐implant tissue dehiscence regarding implants placed 20 years ago in a calvarial bone grafted maxilla and mandible was treated. Right maxillary and mandible peri‐implants soft tissue were treated with a large apically positioned partial‐thickness flap (APPTF) combined to a free gingival graft (FGG) simultaneously. For the left maxillary, where a frenum was in tension associated with infection and pockets, a large APPTF followed by a FGG 4 months later were performed. The KM width (KMW) increased in three operated sites with a gain average of 2.2 mm. The plaque control record decreased from 68% to 21%. All the probing depths were lower than 3 mm. Bleeding on probing was significantly reduced. The gingival index (GI) went from 1.5 to 0.25.

Conclusion

In a multiple implants soft tissue dehiscence case, an APPTF associate to a FGG, delayed or not, seems to be a safety primary approach to improve the KMW and to stabilize the peri‐implants soft tissue. Further, a connective tissue graft in a bilaminar approach could be an option to enhance soft tissue thickness and esthetic outcomes.

Key points

Why is this case new information?

To the best of the authors' knowledge, there are very limited studies regarding multi‐implant soft tissue dehiscence treatment. Relevant guidelines are not clearly defined.

Despite peri‐implant hard and soft tissue augmentation, after a long‐term observation (20 years of function), we can observe a change in peri‐implant soft tissue phenotype (PISTP) with periodontal complication.

What are the keys to successful management of this case?

Removal of peri‐implant infection and tissue tension (frenum) by a large apically positioned partial‐thickness flap (APPTF) before soft tissue augmentation procedure.

In case of very thin peri‐implant soft tissue, caution is needed to preserve the blood supply from the supra‐periosteal plexus.

Large APPTF and sufficient amount of keratinized mucosa (KM) should be grafted to compensate for the tissue shrinkage.

What are the primary limitations to success in this case?

High esthetic demand.

A secondary bilaminar approach with a connective tissue graft (CTG) should be necessary to improve the esthetic outcomes.

Patient compliance.
A multiresolution network architecture for deferred neural lighting
Authors: Ma Shengjie , Wu Hongzhi , Ren Zhong , Zhou Kun
Published: June 2022

We present a novel multiresolution network architecture for deferred neural lighting. The key idea is to explicitly separate the processing of appearance at different spatial resolutions, leading to considerably improved high‐frequency details as well as temporal stability in animation sequences with varying view conditions. Moreover, our network is only half the size of the original one, and requires less training data to converge to satisfactory results. The network is tested over five captured datasets from deferred neural lighting and may be extended to other neural appearance techniques, such as NeRF or neural textures.
Kernel triplet loss for image‐text retrieval
Authors: Pan Zhengxin , Wu Fangyu , Zhang Bailing
Published: June 2022

Triplet loss is widely used as the objective function in image‐text retrieval tasks. However, as all the triplets are treated equally, triplet loss has a bottleneck problem of slow convergence and other unsatisfactory performances. In this article, we propose solutions by appropriately weighting triplets according to the relative similarities among the training samples. Specifically, we present three weighting functions to assign an appropriate weight for the selected informative triplets to accelerate the convergence. We evaluate our approach on two widely used benchmark datasets: Flickr30k and MSCOCO, with results outperforming the previous methods, which demonstrates its superiority.
Effects of sodium alginate and locust bean gum on dough rheology and microstructures, and bread quality
Authors: Liu Wen‐Hui , Wang Yu‐Sheng , Wang De‐Da , Chen Hai‐Hua
Published: June 2022

Background and Objectives

Strengthening effects of sodium alginate (AG, anionic gum) and locust bean gum (LBG, neutral gum) on dough's network structures were investigated.

Findings

Among all samples, dough containing 0.6% AG showed the longest development and stability time, which was longer than that containing 0.6% LBG by 7.8% and 15.5%, respectively. The relative elastic part of maximum creep compliance (36.26%–59.13%), zero‐shear viscosity (3.69–6.35 × 106 Pa s), elasticity index (0.17–0.44 nm−2), and macroscopic viscosity index (0.14–0.39 nm−2 s) significantly increased with adding AG and LBG. Results of extensograph and dynamic rheology suggested that adding NaCl decreased the tensile energy, storage modulus, and loss modulus of dough containing AG, which might be related to the presence of electrostatic interactions between dough and AG. The bread containing 0.6% AG had a higher specific volume (3.30 ml g−1), height/width ratio (0.74), and springiness (0.93) compared with the bread containing 0.6% LBG.

Conclusions

These results showed denser gluten networks were formed in dough containing AG with electrostatic interactions than in dough containing LBG with hydrogen‐bonding interactions, indicating that electrostatic interactions had a more pronounced effect on dough's network structures than hydrogen‐bonding interactions.

Significance and Novelty

This investigation could provide useful information for the potential application of AG in the development of whole wheat bread.
Bilateral proximal deep vein thrombosis and COVID‐19 in a patient with absence of inferior vena cava: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Jenab Yaser , Ghafouri Parham , Hosseini Kaveh , Shirani Shapour , Shirzad Mahmood
Published: June 2022

Bilateral proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the lower extremities of young patients should raise suspicion over pro‐thrombotic conditions and venous anatomical abnormalities, even in the presence of other precipitating factors, such as viral infection. The authors present a 33‐year‐old man with bilateral DVT and absence of inferior vena cava (AIVC), who also had concurrent COVID‐19, and discuss the management of this patient.
General Design Strategy of Anti‐aromatic Porphyrinoids
Authors: Zhan Xiaoning , Jin Yucheng , Qi Dongdong , Sun Tingting , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: June 2022

A systematic investigation to arrange the typical anti‐aromatic porphyrinoids in sequence was performed. Based on density functional theory calculations, six rules are summarized to obtain the high‐performance anti‐aromatic porphyrinoids: (1) when two atoms are deleted/added on the 18π electron current ring flowing pipe, we will immediately obtain a 16π/20π electron anti‐aromatic system; (2) it is a good idea to increase the number of pyrrole/thiophen/furan units on the π‐electron current ring flowing pipe; (3) the heteroatom selecting order is −O− (optimal choice), −NH− (second choice), and −S− (last choice); (4) it is worth noting that the C−C=C−C unit is not beneficial for the anti‐aromatic properties; (5) it is very significant to avoid the crowded environment in the core space of an anti‐aromatic molecule. In this view, −O− is much better than −S− and −NH−; (6) the “circular” skeleton is much better than an “ellipse‐like”, “rectangular”, or “parallelogram‐like” one.
[2+3] Amide Cages by Oxidation of [2+3] Imine Cages – Revisiting Molecular Hosts for Highly Efficient Nitrate Binding
Authors: Lauer Jochen C. , Bhat Avinash S. , Barwig Chantal , Fritz Nathalie , Kirschbaum Tobias , Rominger Frank , Mastalerz Michael
Published: June 2022

The pollution of groundwater with nitrate is a serious issue because nitrate can cause several diseases such as methemoglobinemia or cancer. Therefore, selective removal of nitrate by efficient binding to supramolecular hosts is highly desired. Here we describe how to make [2+3] amide cages in very high to quantitative yields by applying an optimized Pinnick oxidation protocol for the conversion of corresponding imine cages. By NMR titration experiments of the eight different [2+3] amide cages with nitrate, chloride and hydrogen sulfate we identified one cage with an unprecedented high selectivity towards nitrate binding vs. chloride (S=705) or hydrogensulfate (S>13500) in CD2Cl2/CD3CN (1 : 3). NMR experiments as well as single‐crystal structure comparison of host‐guest complexes give insight into structure‐property‐relationships.
Entropy‐Induced Selectivity Switch in Gold Catalysis: Fast Access to Indolo[1,2‐a]quinolines
Authors: Heckershoff Robin , May Garrett , Däumer Janika , Eberle Lukas , Krämer Petra , Rominger Frank , Rudolph Matthias , Mulks Florian F. , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: June 2022

New N‐heterocyclic compounds for organic functional materials and their efficient syntheses are highly demanded. A surprising entropy‐induced selectivity switch in the gold‐catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation of 2‐ethynyl N‐aryl indoles was found and its exploitation led to straightforward syntheses of indolo[1,2‐a]quinolines. Experimental and computational mechanistic investigations gave insight into this uncommon selectivity phenomenon and into the special reactivity of the indolo[1,2‐a]quinolines. The high functional group tolerance of this methodology enabled access to a diverse scope with high yields. In addition, bidirectional approaches, post‐functionalization reactions, and π‐extension of the core structure were feasible. An in‐depth study of the photophysical properties explored the structure‐effect relationship for different derivatives and revealed a high potential of these compounds for future applications as functional materials.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Photophysical Properties of C‐3 Halogenated Derivatives of 2‐Phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine
Authors: Chen Hong , Wang Yanyan , Liu Qingjie , Guo Yanchun , Cao Shuxia , Zhao Yufen
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive Summary

A CuX‐mediated regioselective halogenation reaction of 2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine in the presence of oxygen is introduced in this paper. This reaction provides an effective method for the production of C‐3 halogenated 2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines with a yield of up to 96%. A plausible mechanism for the formation of title compounds via 2‐phenylimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine–CuX complex intermediate is proposed. The structure of representative compounds is established by the single crystal XRD method. The electronic structure, corroborated by Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT calculations, rationalizes characters of relevant absorptions and emission as well as large Stokes shifts.
Leptin favors Th17/Treg cell subsets imbalance associated with allergic asthma severity
Authors: Vollmer Carolina M. , Dias Aleida S. O. , Lopes Lana M. , Kasahara Taissa M. , Delphim Letícia , Silva Júlio Cesar C. , Lourenço Lucas Paulo , Gonçalves Hilary Cesário , Linhares Ulisses C. , Gupta Sudhir , Bento Cleonice A. M.
Published: June 2022

Background

Obesity has often been associated with severe allergic asthma (AA). Here, we analyzed the frequency of different circulating CD4+T‐cell subsets from lean, overweight and obese AA patients.

Methods

Mononuclear cells from peripheral blood were obtained from 60 AA patients and the frequency of different CD4+T‐cell subsets and type 1 regulatory B cells (Br1) was determined by cytometry. The effect of obese‐related leptin dose on cytokine production and Treg cell function in AA‐derived CD4+ T cell cultures was evaluated by ELISA and 3H thymidine uptake, respectively. Leptin levels were quantified in the plasma by ELISA. According to the BMI, patients were stratified as lean, overweight and obese.

Results

AA severity, mainly among obese patients, was associated with an expansion of hybrid Th2/Th17 and Th17‐like cells rather than classic Th2‐like cells. On the other hand, the frequencies of Th1‐like, Br1 cells and regulatory CD4+ T‐cell subsets were lower in patients with severe AA. While percentages of the hybrid Th2/Th17 phenotype and Th17‐like cells positively correlated with leptin levels, the frequencies of regulatory CD4+ T‐cell subsets and Br1 cells negatively correlated with this adipokine. Interestingly, the obesity‐related leptin dose not only elevated Th2 and Th17 cytokine levels, but also directly reduced the Treg function in CD4+ T cell cultures from lean AA patients.

Conclusion

In summary, our results indicated that obesity might increase AA severity by favoring the expansion of Th17‐like and Th2/Th17 cells and decreasing regulatory CD4+T cell subsets, being adverse effects probably mediated by leptin overproduction.
Non‐Flammable Sodium Asymmetric Imide Salt‐Based Deep Eutectic Solvent for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Chidiac Joseph , Nikiforidis Georgios , Timperman Laure , Anouti Mérièm
Published: June 2022

This study reports two deep eutectic solvents (DESs) based on alkaline imide salts with asymmetric anions as functional electrolytes for supercapacitor (SC) application. The eutectic mixture of sodium (fluorosulfonyl) (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (NaFTFSI) or sodium cyano‐trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide (NaTFSICN) with ethylene carbonate (EC) delivers a non‐flammable and stable liquid. The eutectic diagrams of the electrolytes directed to an optimal composition (wsalt=0.25), hinging to that of conventional carbonate‐based electrolytes, i. e., 1 mol L−1. The volumetric properties of the DESs revealed a “stacking” effect, reflecting a strong coordination bond between the imide and EC anions without solvating the Na+ cations. The DES transport properties (i. e., viscosity, conductivity, and ionicity) and temperature variations designate a high organization, similar to ionic liquids. The DESs, when coupled with activated carbon electrodes in a two‐electrode symmetric configuration, yield specific capacities of 150 F g−1 at a normalized current density of 0.5 A g−1 (and 120 F g−1 at 2 A g−1). The SC maintained 80 % of its initial capacity beyond 100 h of floating at an operating voltage of 2.4 V and showed a 150 mV per hour potential loss under self‐discharge. The devised eutectic mixtures offer a promising new pathway for simple, safe, and effective electrolytes for SC applications.
The impact of a firm's corporate social responsibility on firm–supplier relationships: The effect of secondary stakeholder CSR on inventory days
Authors: Groening Christopher , Ngoh Cheryl‐lyn , Luchs Ryan
Published: June 2022

Well‐known benefits of corporate social responsibility (CSR) are goodwill and trust. Typically, research states that if a firm engages in CSR activities that benefit stakeholder X, then stakeholder X will reciprocate with higher levels of trust. We advance this line of research by examining whether CSR activities directed to stakeholder X increase the levels of trust between the firm and a different stakeholder, Y. Specifically, we examine the consequences of CSR actions that a firm directs toward non‐supplier stakeholders on the firm‐supplier relationship. We argue that a firm's secondary stakeholder CSR (e.g., community and environment) creates trust and goodwill with third parties (i.e., suppliers) that manifests in reduced inventory days. We use a data set comprising 27,551 firm‐year observations and find that secondary CSR is associated with decreased inventory days in more complex (more heterogenous and competitive), munificent (growing), dynamic (unpredictable), and socially irresponsible (e.g., gambling and tobacco) business environments.
Ultrafast Simultaneous and Selective Depolymerization of Heterogeneous Streams of Polyethylene Terephthalate and Polycarbonate: Towards Industrially Feasible Chemical Recycling
Authors: Rubio Arias Jose Jonathan , Barnard Elaine , Thielemans Wim
Published: June 2022

Mixed plastic waste‐streams are a main obstacle to a more extensive implementation of polymer recycling. Separating mixed‐plastic waste streams demands time and effort at collection or in the recycling plant, while many products consist of multiple polymers that cannot be readily separated. Chemical recycling could provide the key to overcome this issue by targeting specific chemical bonds, enabling selective depolymerization of a single polymer class in a mixture. This work explores the depolymerization of polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) in separate and in mixed streams. Selective depolymerization of mixed streams composed of PET and PC and one‐step separation of their constituent monomers are carried out with outstanding energy efficiency through an inexpensive KOH‐in‐methanol hydrolysis (KMH) process developed for instantaneous PET hydrolysis. The activation energies for depolymerization of PC and PET pellets are 68.6 and 131.4 kJ mol−1, respectively. Randomly mixed streams are fully depolymerized within 2 min at 120 °C using 30 mL of depolymerization solution per gram of polymer. The separation of bisphenol A and terephthalic acid is demonstrated in a one‐step separation process, yielding 98 and 97 % purity without any secondary reactions detected. Simultaneous depolymerization and selective one‐step separation of monomers are also demonstrated for a PET/PC polymer blend prepared by solution casting, showing that this process also works for intimately mixed PET/PC mixtures.
Study of a novel soft‐switched Vienna rectifier using simple active technique
Authors: Ali Abdar , Chuanwen Jiang , Chen Wang , Habib Salman , Khan Muhammad Mansoor
Published: June 2022

In recent years, efficient power transfer is getting increasing attention in high‐power conversion systems such as fast battery charger systems primarily necessitate an energy efficient, compact, and reliable power electronic converter scheme. This has stirred vigorous research in high‐power converter‐based power electronic systems which are feasible in actual practice and perform efficiently. In view of this fact, a novel soft‐switched T‐type boost rectifier Vienna topology is proposed, which can be considered as a potential candidate in high‐power conversion systems. The proposed converter scheme operates at high‐switching frequency with soft‐switching conditions by employing a simple active snubber circuit, which results in high‐efficiency and high‐power density with low cost. The low components count, simple power and control circuitry, comparable stresses, and performance are the distinctive features of the proposed converter scheme. Furthermore, the proposed topology achieves high‐switching operation while reducing reverse recovery rectifier diode losses and semiconductor losses. The proposed converter scheme's construction, operating principle, and practical implementation are carried out using a low‐scale laboratory prototype. In order to evaluate, a comparison with existing soft‐switched rectifier topologies is performed in terms of components count. In addition, a MATLAB/Simulink designed subsystem is used to assess the semiconductor devices switching power losses in comparison to its hard‐switched counterpart.
Microbial EPS‐mediated amorphous calcium carbonate–monohydrocalcite–calcite transformations during early tufa deposition
Authors: Broughton Paul L.
Published: June 2022

The Holocene Wolfenden tufa deposit in south‐eastern British Columbia, western Canada, preserves a unique record of the earliest stages of calcium carbonate deposition resulting from microbial extracellular polymeric substances‐mediated precipitation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC) with partial transformation to monohydrocalcite (MHC) and subsequently to nanocrystalline calcite. This is the first documentation of tufa mineralogy involving ACC transformation to MHC. Progressive dehydration triggered ACC–MHC–nanocrystalline calcite transformations on bryophytes, algae and cyanobacteria sheaths. The adsorption of extracellular polymeric substances matrix molecules into the ACC and ACC–MHC structures preserved polymorph mineralogy of incomplete transformation. Unusual concentrations of biofilm extracellular polymeric substances filaments provided nucleation sites for the ACC precipitation. The ACC nucleation calcified extracellular polymeric substances filaments and resulted in partially coalesced arrays of nanoscale ACC spheroids. Mesocrystalline structures of MHC reconfigured the concentric growth layers of ACC precipitate with bulbous ACC–MHC protuberances. Nanocrystalline rhombic faces of calcite developed within and on the surfaces of the ACC–MHC protuberances. Dehydration of these concentric growth layers of ACC–MHC resulted in the transformation into nanocrystalline calcite with substrates coalesced into micrite fabrics. Recrystallisation obliterated evidence of the calcified extracellular polymeric substances filaments and resulted in microcrystalline calcite spar domains as the widespread encrustation fabric. Localised magnesium adsorption during nucleation of the ACC within the biofilms resulted in needle calcite crystals without the precursor ACC–MHC transformation process. Microbial extracellular polymeric substances‐mediated precipitation of ACC as a necessarily critical step in the earliest phase of the tufa deposition process, leading to the nucleation of calcite has been underappreciated and generally not considered. These earliest stages of calcium carbonate precipitation are proposed as a possible template for other tufa deposits, where the evidence of microbial extracellular polymeric substances‐mediated precipitation of ACC with transformation to MHC and subsequently to nanocrystalline calcite has been obscured by recrystallisation into micrite and spar fabrics.
Nectar robbing rather than pollinator availability constrains reproduction of a bee‐flowered plant at high elevations
Authors: Kohl Patrick L. , Steffan‐Dewenter Ingolf
Published: June 2022

Abiotic factors are generally assumed to determine whether species can exist at the extreme ends of environmental gradients, for example, at high elevations, whereas the role of biotic interactions is less clear. On temperate mountains, insect‐pollinated plant species with bilaterally symmetrical flowers exhibit a parallel elevational decline in species richness and abundance with bees. This suggests that the lack of mutualistic interaction partners sets the elevational range limits of plants via a reduction in reproductive success. We used the bee‐pollinated mountain plant Clinopodium alpinum (Lamiaceae), which blooms along a continuous 1000‐m elevational gradient and has bilaterally symmetrical flowers, as a model to test the predicted parallel elevational decline in flower visitation and seed production. Although the community of flower visitors changed with elevation, the flower visitation rate by the most frequent visitors, bumble bees (33.8% of legitimate visits), and the overall rate of flower visitation by potential pollinators did not vary significantly with elevation. However, we discovered that nectar robbing by bumble bees and nectar theft by ants, two interactions with potentially negative effects on flowers, sharply increased with elevation. Seed set depended on pollinators across elevations and followed a weak hump‐shaped pattern, peaking at mid‐elevations and decreasing by about 20% toward both elevational range edges. Considering the mid‐ and high elevations, elevational variation in seed production could not be explained by legitimate bee visitation rates but was inversely correlated with the frequency of nectar robbing. Our observations challenge the hypothesis that a decrease in the availability of pollinators limits seed production of bee‐flowered plants at high elevations but suggest that an increase in negative interactions (nectar robbing and larceny) constrains reproductive success.
On‐capillary fluorescent labeling of saccharides for capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Čokrtová Kateřina , Mareš Vít , Křížek Tomáš
Published: June 2022

The feasibility of on‐capillary derivatization of saccharides by aromatic amine‐based fluorescent labeling agents was tested. To avoid the problematic evolution of gaseous hydrogen cyanide, the Schiff base reduction by sodium cyanoborohydride, as the second step of the standard reductive amination protocol, was omitted. Glucose was used as a model analyte and 7‐amino‐1,3‐naphthalenedisulfonic acid as the labeling agent. Our experiments showed that the direct reaction of the saccharide with the labeling agent in 2.5‐M acetic acid yields a labeled product that is sufficiently stable to be separated from the labeling agent in 20‐mM phosphate buffer, pH 3.5, and detected using UV detection. The glucose and label zones were introduced separately into the capillary and mixed using a negative voltage. Mixing voltage, its duration, the concentration of acetic acid in the reaction zone, and the waiting time between mixing and separation were optimized. To show the applicability of the procedure to a broader range of analytes, a mixture of different types of saccharides, that is, xylose (pentose), fucose (hexose), glucose (hexose), N‐acetylglucosamine (N‐acetylaminosaccharide), and lactose (disaccharide), was subjected to derivatization and analysis under the optimal conditions. The linearity and repeatability of the process were evaluated as critical parameters for its analytical applications. Six‐point calibration dependences in the 1–50 mM range showed excellent determination coefficients of 0.9992 or higher for all five saccharides tested. The repeatability of the labeled saccharide peak areas was between 2.2% and 4.3%.
Contrasting beach‐ridge systems in different types of coastal settings
Authors: Isla Manuel F. , Moyano‐Paz Damián , FitzGerald Duncan M. , Simontacchi Lautaro , Veiga Gonzalo D.
Published: June 2022

Beach‐ridge systems are geomorphological features common in every type of coast and have been widely interpreted as geo‐archives of past sea‐level, climatic, or tectonic changes. These relict morphological elements are well‐known by their facies, architecture, stratigraphy, and evolution. However, the coastal context where beach ridges are formed has never been evaluated. Coastal beach‐ridge systems were classified into four main types corresponding to deltaic strandplains, non‐deltaic strandplains, spits, and barrier islands. Our study consisted of three scales of analysis: (1) the entire beach‐ridge system; (2) beach‐ridge sets; and (3) individual beach ridges.

Several beach‐ridge systems having formed in different types of coastal settings are compared by their present characteristics. Geomorphic data generated from processing and interpreting satellite images combined with previous studies are used to quantify multi‐scale attributes of beach‐ridge systems. These attributes include the area, length, width, number of sets, number of ridges per set, set rotation, ridge spacing, and ridge elevation. Our findings demonstrate that significant differences define beach‐ridge systems including deltaic strandplains, large non‐deltaic strandplains, small non‐deltaic strandplains, large spits (cuspate forelands), small spits (flying spits, bay‐mouth spits and tombolos) and barrier islands. A more comprehensive characterization of the factors controlling beach‐ridge variability will improve our ability to recognize the sedimentary record of ancient of these systems. The proposed basic platform can be used to isolated different beach‐ridge types and systems to facilitate future process and morphodynamic studies.
Subglacial evolution from distributed to channelized drainage: Evidence from the Lake Murtoo area in SW Finland
Authors: Ojala Antti E. K. , Mäkinen Joni , Kajuutti Kari , Ahokangas Elina , Palmu Jukka‐Pekka
Published: June 2022

During the last millennia of the Weichselian glaciation (c. 11 700–14 000 cal BP) and the first millennium of the Holocene interglacial (c. 10 500–11 700 cal BP), melting of the ice sheet and subsequent subglacial drainage resulted in the formation of murtoos and murtoo‐related landforms in the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet area in Finland and Sweden. Murtoos are composed of clay‐poor diamictons produced by sediment‐concentrated creep and material sorting in a subglacial environment under effective pressure close to zero, and potentially represent a transition form from non‐channelized to channelized subglacial drainage networks. Here, we explore the geomorphology and substratum characteristics of the Lake Murtoo area, one of the locations where murtoos were initially found and described in SW Finland. Our interpretation suggests an interconnected development from inefficient distributed or semi‐distributed cavities (murtoos) to efficient channelized drainage (esker) via erosional escarpments, all displayed in the same region. In addition, our excavation into a murtoo‐related erosional escarpment (MRE) revealed subglacial erosional channels alongside MREs that were filled with fine‐grained finely laminated sediments. We suggest that these channel fill sediments were deposited subglacially, because they are covered by flow till and show spatial and lithological characteristics that deviate significantly from the proglacial basin fill clay (varve) sediments in the area. The appearance of rhythmically laminated silt and clay sediments indicates sedimentation in a suspension‐load‐dominated environment in shallow subglacial channels with relatively low (but repetitiously changing) water flow velocities, possibly reflecting disconnected spill‐over routes of subglacial drainage in small tributaries that were only periodically used due to water pressure changes in the up‐ice direction.
A coupled CAD‐free parameterization‐morphing method for adjoint‐based shape optimization
Authors: Liatsikouras Athanasios G. , Pierrot Guillaume , Megahed Mustafa
Published: June 2022

This article presents a fully differentiated CAD‐free shape parameterization coupled with a grid displacement method for performing adjoint‐based aerodynamic shape optimization efficiently. Both tools are integrated into an adjoint‐based aerodynamic shape optimization process, where the shape changes and the corresponding grid adaptation take place simultaneously, in a single step. The role of the proposed shape parameterization technique is to control the shape changes of the aerodynamic body under study during shape optimization, and to modify it according to the spatial distribution of the gradient. The latter frequently contains numerical noise, due to the limited resolution of spatial discretization schemes, which can result in irregular surfaces, if the raw gradient is used directly. The proposed parameterization undertakes the elimination of this noise, thus ensuring smooth surfaces during the shape optimization. More specifically, a subset of the nodes belonging to the design surface is selected as the design vector (handles) and is responsible for controlling the surface displacements. The analytical differentiation of the parameterization, considering the adjoint morphing technique for the computation of the grid sensitivities, allows for its integration within a gradient‐based optimization process, where the adjoint method is used to compute the gradient of the objective w.r.t. all nodal positions. The propagation of this gradient information to the handles is efficiently and accurately achieved through the inclusion of the differentiated parameterization expression. The developed CAD‐free process chain is successfully demonstrated in an automotive S‐section cooling duct and a serpentine‐like one, used for internal turbomachinery blade cooling.
Loss of hepatic DRP1 exacerbates alcoholic hepatitis by inducing megamitochondria and mitochondrial maladaptation
Authors: Ma Xiaowen , Chen Allen , Melo Luma , Clemente‐Sanchez Ana , Chao Xiaojuan , Ahmadi Ali Reza , Peiffer Brandon , Sun Zhaoli , Sesaki Hiromi , Li Tiangang , Wang Xiaokun , Liu Wanqing , Bataller Ramon , Ni Hong‐Min , Ding Wen‐Xing
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims:

Increased megamitochondria formation and impaired mitophagy in hepatocytes have been linked to the pathogenesis of alcohol‐associated liver disease (ALD). This study aims to determine the mechanisms by which alcohol consumption increases megamitochondria formation in the pathogenesis of ALD.

Approach and Results:

Human alcoholic hepatitis (AH) liver samples were used for electron microscopy, histology, and biochemical analysis. Liver‐specific dynamin‐related protein 1 (DRP1; gene name DNM1L, an essential gene regulating mitochondria fission) knockout (L‐DRP1 KO) mice and wild‐type mice were subjected to chronic plus binge alcohol feeding. Both human AH and alcohol‐fed mice had decreased hepatic DRP1 with increased accumulation of hepatic megamitochondria. Mechanistic studies revealed that alcohol feeding decreased DRP1 by impairing transcription factor EB–mediated induction of DNM1L. L‐DRP1 KO mice had increased megamitochondria and decreased mitophagy with increased liver injury and inflammation, which were further exacerbated by alcohol feeding. Seahorse flux and unbiased metabolomics analysis showed alcohol intake increased mitochondria oxygen consumption and hepatic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), acylcarnitine, and ketone levels, which were attenuated in L‐DRP1 KO mice, suggesting that loss of hepatic DRP1 leads to maladaptation to alcohol‐induced metabolic stress. RNA‐sequencing and real‐time quantitative PCR analysis revealed increased gene expression of the cGAS–stimulator of interferon genes (STING)–interferon pathway in L‐DRP1 KO mice regardless of alcohol feeding. Alcohol‐fed L‐DRP1 KO mice had increased cytosolic mtDNA and mitochondrial dysfunction leading to increased activation of cGAS‐STING‐interferon signaling pathways and liver injury.

Conclusion:

Alcohol consumption decreases hepatic DRP1 resulting in increased megamitochondria and mitochondrial maladaptation that promotes AH by mitochondria‐mediated inflammation and cell injury.
Association of familial Mediterranean fever and epicardial adipose tissue: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Motawea Karam R. , Kandil Omneya A. , Varney Joseph , Aboelenein Merna , Ibrahim Nancy , Shaheen Ahmed , Khairy Lina T. , Bakkour Agyad , Muwaili Ali H. H. , Muwaili Dhuha H. H. , Abdelmajid Fatima A. A. , Ahmad Eman M. S. , Albuni Mhd K. , Battikh Elias , Sawaf Bisher , Swed Sarya , Ahmed Safaa M. A. , Awad Dina M. , Shah Jaffer , Aiash Hani
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim

Some studies reported a positive link between familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) and epicardial adipose tissue. Our meta‐analysis aimed to evaluate whether there is a significant association between FMF and increased epicardial adipose tissue thickness.

Methods

We searched the following databases: PUBMED, WOS, OVID, SCOPUS, and EMBASE. Inclusion criteria were any original articles that reported epicardial adipose tissue in FMF patients with no age restriction, excluding reviews, case reports, editorials, animal studies, and non‐English studies. Thirty eligible studies were screened full text but only five studies were suitable. We used RevMan software (5.4) for the meta‐analysis.

Results

The total number of patients included in the meta‐analysis in the FMF patients group is 256 (mean age = 24.3), and the total number in the control group is 188 (mean age = 24.98). The pooled analysis between FMF patients and controls was [mean difference = 0.82 (95% CI = 0.25–1.39), p‐value = 0.005]. We observed heterogeneity that was not solved by random effects (p > 0.00001). We performed leave one out test by removing the Kozan et al. study, and the heterogeneity was solved (p = 0.07), and the results were (MD = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.52–1.43, p‐value < 0.0001).

Conclusion

FMF patients are at increased risk of developing epicardial adipose tissue compared to controls. More multicenter studies with higher sample sizes are needed to support our results.
Assessment of hydrological response to multiyear drought: Insights from lag characteristics and shift magnitude
Authors: Li Miao , Li Shuzhen , Liu Qiang , Kang Yinhong , Liang Liqiao , Yuan Xiaomin , Zhang Junlong , Wang Xuan , Li Chunhui
Published: June 2022

The analysis of the hydrological response to meteorological drought events can lead to a deeper understanding of alterations in hydrological processes that can be used to help maintain environmental flow (e‐flow) in aquatic ecosystems. In this study, we first identified an extreme meteorological drought event and then assessed its hydrological response. Monthly precipitation anomalies were used to identify meteorological drought, while the Lyne–Hollick method (LH filter) was used alongside the baseflow recession constant (calculated using the Automatic Baseflow Identification Technique [ABIT]) to isolate baseflow in the Baiyangdian basin. Results showed that an extreme meteorological drought event occurred in August 1996, continuing for a total of 127 months, which resulted in prolonged hydrological drought (i.e., streamflow and baseflow). A time lag was generally observed between the end of the meteorological drought event and the end of the hydrological drought event, where baseflow recovery lagged behind streamflow (runoff) recovery. Additionally, drought led to an unstable shift in the precipitation‐streamflow relationship that subsequently led to a reduction in the annual streamflow of coinciding annual precipitation compared with the historical relationship. Drought also led to a longer response between precipitation and runoff events. Results from this study show that the hydrological response to meteorological drought event is important for water resource management and for addressing effects related to climate change, especially extreme drought events.
Carbon dioxide gas embolism during robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
Authors: Nakagawa Ryunosuke , Nohara Takahiro , Kadomoto Suguru , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Yaegashi Hiroshi , Iijima Masashi , Kawaguchi Shohei , Shigehara Kazuyoshi , Izumi Kouji , Kadono Yoshifumi , Mizokami Atsushi
Published: June 2022

Introduction

One of the complications of laparoscopic surgery is gas embolism, which has low incidence but high mortality. Carbon dioxide embolism diagnosed during robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy has been experienced.

Case presentation

77‐year‐old woman with a left renal tumor received robot‐assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. End‐tidal carbon dioxide pressure and oxygen saturation of peripheral artery suddenly decreased 5 min after the start of tumor resection with pneumoperitoneum pressure of 15 mmHg and positive end‐expiratory pressure turned off. Therefore, pulmonary artery gas embolism was diagnosed. The pneumoperitoneum pressure was dropped, and positive end‐expiratory pressure was restarted. These conditions improved and the procedure was completed.

Conclusion

Carbon dioxide gas embolism during robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy should be focused on because prompt diagnosis and treatment will improve life outcomes. The optimal pneumoperitoneum pressure for each case, rather than making it uniform, should be reconsidered.
Hsa_circ_0001550 facilitates colorectal cancer progression through mediating microRNA‐4262/nuclear casein kinase and cyclin‐dependent kinase substrate 1 cascade
Authors: Zhou Ying , Zhang Qilin , Qiu Xiaofeng , Tian Tianning , Xu Qihua , Liao Bingling
Published: June 2022

Background

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play important roles in various malignancies, such as colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the function of hsa_circ_0001550 in CRC remains to be elucidated.

Methods

The expression levels of hsa_circ_0001550, microRNA (miR)‐4262, and nuclear casein kinase and cyclin‐dependent kinase substrate 1 (NUCKS1) were determined by real‐time qPCR. Cell biological behaviors were evaluated via colony formation assay, transwell assay, flow cytometry, and sphere formation assays. The target relationship was validated via dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA pull‐down assays. Protein expression was analyzed by western blot. Xenograft tumor model was adopted to evaluate hsa_circ_0001550 function in vivo.

Results

Hsa_circ_0001550 enrichment was enhanced in CRC tissue specimens and cell lines. Hsa_circ_0001550 absence hindered CRC cell proliferation, metastasis, stemness, and caused apoptosis. Hsa_circ_0001550 targeted miR‐4262, and hsa_circ_0001550 absence‐caused impacts were diminished by anti‐miR‐4262. MiR‐4262 targeted NUCKS1. Hsa_circ_0001550 had positive regulation on NUCKS1 expression. NUCKS1 overexpression overturned the influences of hsa_circ_0001550 silencingon CRC cell progression. Hsa_circ_0001550 interference notably blocked in vivo xenograft tumor growth.

Conclusion

Hsa_circ_0001550 facilitated CRC progression by binding to miR‐4262 to positively regulate NUCKS1 abundance.
The impact of school climate in social‐normative expectations in low and high SES schools
Authors: Vaid Esha , Jofen Tzivia , Hatchimonji Danielle Ryan , DeMarchena Sarah L. , White Gwyne , Elias Maurice J.
Published: June 2022

This study examined the associations among race/ethnicity, school climate, and social‐normative expectations (expectations about peers' future achievement) in high and low socioeconomic status (SES) schools, with a particular focus on school climate as a process that might influence social‐normative expectations. Results showed that more positive perceptions of school climate were significantly associated with higher levels of social‐normative expectations in both low and high SES settings. Additionally, identifying as Black was negatively associated with social‐normative expectations in both high and low SES schools. School climate significantly moderated the negative relationship between race and social‐normative expectations in high SES schools; however, there was no moderation in low SES schools. In both high and low SES schools, school climate was a robust predictor of social‐normative expectations, highlighting the importance of social‐normative expectations as a metric of school climate improvement in both high and low SES schools. In conclusion, policies related to school culture and climate, school improvement, and turnaround should explicitly focus on the connection of racial and ethnic equity, specifically for Black and Latinx students, to reflect the range and reality of students' social‐normative expectations.
Anti‐Ramsey number of expansions of paths and cycles in uniform hypergraphs
Authors: Tang Yucong , Li Tong , Yan Guiying
Published: June 2022

For an ‐graph , the anti‐Ramsey number is the minimum number of colors such that for any edge‐coloring of the complete ‐graph on vertices with at least colors, there is a copy of whose edges have distinct colors. Let and be the path and cycle with edges in 2‐graphs, respectively. In this paper, we determine and for all and except , which are extensions of several results of Gu, Li, and Shi.
MR Neurography of Lumbosacral Plexus: Incremental Value Over XR, CT, and MRI of L Spine With Improved Outcomes in Patients With Radiculopathy and Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
Authors: Chhabra Avneesh , Kanchustambham Pradyotha , Mogharrabi Bayan , Ratakonda Raghu , Gill Kevin , Xi Yin
Published: June 2022

Background

Lower back pain is often evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and conventional imaging, which provide incomplete information about the etiology of pain and lead to less than optimal management.

Hypothesis

MR neurography (MRN) of the lumbosacral (LS) plexus renders a more accurate diagnosis, alters the management strategy, and clinical outcomes of radiculopathy or failed back surgery Syndrome (FBSS) patients when compared to the conventional imaging modalities.

Study Type

Retrospective, cross‐sectional.

Population

A total of 356 patients (mean age 65.8 ± 12.3; 48.9% female) from single university hospital over 6 years with MRN of LS plexus were included from a cohort of 14,775 total patients with lumbar spine MR imaging.

Assessment

Conventional imaging obtained before and after MRN of LS plexus was reevaluated and categorized into three levels based on extent of imaging findings' correlation to presenting clinical symptoms (contributory levels). Clinical notes were reviewed for changes in ordering provider's recommended management and subsequent patients' symptom level pre‐MRN to post‐MRN.

Field Strength/Sequence

A 5 T and 3.0 T. T1‐weighted (T1W), T2‐weighted (T2W), short T1 inversion recovery (STIR), T1 turbo spin echo (T1 TSE), T2 spectral attenuated inversion recovery (T2 SPAIR).

Statistical Tests

Chi‐squared test. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

A total of 356 total patients (174 females) with mean age ± SD was 65.8 ± 12.3 years, 4.2% of patients imaged with lumbar spine MRI. Definitely contributory studies among X‐rays, computed tomography, MRI, and MRN were 3 of the 129 (2.3%), 3 of the 48 (6.2%), 35 of the 184 (19.0%), and 283 of the 356 (79.8%), respectively. Pre‐MRN vs. post‐MRN led to change in recommendation in 219 of the 356 (61.5%) patients and 71 of the 99 (71.7%) patients had improved symptoms.

Conclusion

MRN of the LS plexus can provide more corroborative image findings for symptom correlation compared to other imaging modalities for accurate diagnosis, effects patient management and leads to positive clinical outcomes in a small subset of patients with radiculopathy or FBSS.

Evidence Level

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 5
Application of copula‐based approach as a new data‐driven model for downscaling the mean daily temperature
Authors: Nazeri Tahroudi Mohammad , Ramezani Yousef , De Michele Carlo , Mirabbasi Rasoul
Published: June 2022

Downscaling and simulating various meteorological variables at different time scales are fundamental topics for making climate change studies in a geographic region. Here, a new approach for downscaling the mean daily temperature was implemented using a vine copula‐based approach and considering the best CanESM2 predictors. The accuracy of the copula‐based approach was compared with genetic programming (GP), optimized support vector regression (OSVR), support vector machine (SVM), adaptive neuro‐fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and artificial neural network (ANN) models at Birjand synoptic station in Iran. In the proposed approach, after examining the different vine copulas, the D‐vine copula was selected as the best copula according to the evaluation statistics and tree sequences. According to the root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) and Nash–Sutcliff efficiency (NSE), the accuracy of the ANN model in downscaling the mean daily temperature data was not acceptable and the other considered models were slightly overestimated. The results indicated that the copula‐based approach outperformed the other models in downscaling the mean daily temperature with NSE = 0.61. However, given the 99% confidence interval of the simulations, a slightly overestimation at temperatures above 20°C was observed for the copula‐based approach, which has better performance than the other considered models. The copula‐based approach was able to reduce RMSE by about 82, 20, 24, 47 and 34% compared to ANN, OSVR, GP, SVM and ANFIS models, respectively. The results also showed that the performance of the support vector regression model optimized by the ant colony algorithm is also acceptable and is in the second rank after the copula‐based approach. The accuracy of the copula‐based approach was also confirmed according to Taylor diagram and violin plot. The proposed approach has a higher accuracy than data‐driven models due to use of the conditional density of vine copulas, and the joint distribution of the mean daily temperature and selected predictors.