bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Notas sobre Ergatividade em Xikrín
Authors: Cabral Ana Suelly , Rodrigues Aryon Dall'Igna , Costa Lucivaldo da
Published: August 2017

Após breve apresentação das classes de temas verbais, dos prefixos relacionais e dos marcadores de pessoa em Xikrín, é descrita uma cisão entre alinhamentos nominativo-absolutivo e ergativo-absolutivo condicionada pela modificação circunstancial dos predicados.
O avanço de Oblíquos em Panará
Authors: Dourado Luciana
Published: August 2017

O objetivo desta comunicação é mostrar que, em Panará, certas posposições, ao se incorporarem ao núcleo verbal para formar construções aplicativas, não provocam, aparentemente, qualquer mudança nas relações gramaticais entre o verbo e os seus argumentos. Estratégias de relativização (Keenan & Comrie 1977), no entanto, demonstram que o objeto da posposição incorporada é promovido a objeto direto (Perlmutter & Postal 1974). Tais termos compõem uma série distinta dos termos básicos de referência e vocativos. Demonstram um requinte lógico, preenchendo uma lacuna semântica que falta em línguas como inglês ou português. Manifestam noções de geometria (ou etno-matemática), demonstrando, no caso Me)bengôkre, a sofisticação de
O vocabulário Kaingáng de Ambrosetti (1894) e as relações lingüísticas e históricas da Aldeia de Ingacorá (RS) com Misiones (Arg.)
Authors: D'Angelis Wilmar da Rocha , Fernandes Daniela Sampaio Bonafé
Published: August 2017

Em 1892 e 1894 o pesquisador argentino Juan Bautista Ambrosetti visitou e realizou pesquisa junto à então única comunidade Kaingang vivendo fora do Brasil, nas proximidades de San Pedro (Misiones). Entre os resultados que publicou inclui-se um valioso vocabulário, seja por seu ineditismo, seja por ser um dos únicos documentos desse tipo conhecidos sobre os Kaingang de Misiones, seja, ainda, por sua extensão. No Brasil o trabalho de Ambrosetti só começou a ser conhecido e efetivamente citado quase 100 anos depois de sua publicação, mas continua sendo documento de difícil acesso. Esse texto traz informação do trabalho em andamento para dar ao vocabulário de Ambrosetti uma divulgação ampla e, ao mesmo tempo, de como esse vocabulário foi empregado em pesquisa (com apoio da FAPESP), para identificar relações históricas, através da filiação lingüística, entre a comunidade Kaingang de Inhacorá (RS) e as comunidades Kaingang que existiram na Argentina.
Aspectos da Morfossintaxe Krenak
Authors: Seki Lucy
Published: August 2017

O trabalho apresenta uma análise preliminar das orações independentes (declarativas, interrogativas, imperativas) da língua Krenak, única representante atual da família Botocudo (Borum), e que se encontra em avançado processo de extinção. A análise se baseia em dados coletados a 04 falantes adultos, um residente na Aldeia Krenak (rio Doce, MG), e três no P.I. Vanuíre (SãoPaulo), no período de janeiro de 1980 a janeiro de 1982. O trabalho aborda ainda a questão das classes de palavras e a estrutura da locução nominal da língua.
A Morfologia do Verbo em Yaathe
Authors: Costa Januacele Francisca da
Published: August 2017

Em Yaathe, qualquer raiz – substantivo ou adjetivo – pode servir de base para compor um verbo, por afixar-se-lhe um morfema (que pode ser de uma categoria própria do verbo, ou por derivação). As categorias pelas quais os verbos podem ser especificados incluem tempo, aspecto, modo, voz, polaridade, intensidade. Apesar de a língua agregar muitos sufixos à raiz, não consideramos Yaathe uma língua aglutinante porque, de modo geral, não há fronteira clara entre morfemas, e diferentes categorias podem ser fundidas para constituir um morfema que não pode ser segmentado. Em termos da dimensão síntese-análise, a língua não se situa em nenhuma das extremidades da escala. Em termos da dimensão aglutinação-fusão, a língua apresenta alguma segmentabilidade de morfemas, mas esses têm, na maior parte, formas variantes produzidas por processos morfofonológicos.
A perspectiva paleontológica no ensino da História Natural e em áreas afins
Authors: Bergue Cristianini Trescastro
Published: August 2017

A Paleontologia possui abordagens significativamente diferentes nas Geociências e nas Biociências e seu ensino assume, geralmente, uma perspectiva instrumental. Na proposta de ensino aqui discutida, a qual baseia-se na transversalidade e no chamado Diagrama de Lipps, a Paleontologia é assumida como um tema e não uma disciplina. Além disso sustenta-se que a perspectiva paleontológica pode transcender a História Natural e abranger um espectro mais amplo de conhecimentos.  Esta proposta de ensino baseia-se na análise dos principais atributos adotados classicamente para a definição dos fósseis, ou seja, a idade e o tamanho. Suas influências na Paleontologia são discutidas principalmente em relação à criação de disciplinas como a micropaleontologia, paleontologia de vertebrados, paleobotânica e paleontologia de invertebrados. A proposta apresentada neste trabalho sustenta que a ampliação da perspectiva paleontológica na educação superior, não apenas na História Natural mas em áreas onde não é usualmente abordada atualmente, como a Astronomia e a Ecologia, pode promover reflexões úteis ao aperfeiçoamento do ensino de ciências.
Cervical end preparation design on collarless metal ceramic crown to the decrease of bacterial colony
Authors: Machmud Edy
Published: August 2017

Background: Cervical end preparation design is an important procedure in fixed partial denture. If the cervical end preparation design is inadequate, dental plaque will easily be formed and this may indicate the beginning of periodontal disease. Purpose: This study was aimed to analyze the effect of cervical end preparation design on collarless metal ceramic crown towards the decrease of bacterium colony number. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental study applying pre and post test on a control group involving 48 subjects with shoulder, bevel shoulder, and deep chamfer cervical end preparation. The bacterium colonies were examined on the 1st, 7th, and 21st days after the insertion of collarless metal ceramic crown. Results: The study showed that bacterium colony increased significantly in deep chamfer and bevel shoulder preparation design between the treatment group and the control group (p<0.05). In shoulder preparation there was not significant different between the treatment group and the control group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Compared to the bevel shoulder and deep chamfer, shoulder design is the best design for collarless metal ceramic crown restoration.Latar belakang: Desain preparasi tepi servikal merupakan suatu tahap yang sangat menentukan dalam pembuatan gigi tiruan cekat. Apabila desain preparasi tepi servikal tidak adekuat dapat menyebabkan pembentukan plak gigi pada daerah tersebut. Keadaan ini merupakan tahap awal terjadinya penyakit periodontal. Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis pengaruh desain preparasi tepi servikal yang dibuat pada mahkota collarless metal ceramic untuk mengurangi jumlah bakterium koloni. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimental semu dengan metode pre and post test dan kelompok kontrol terhadap 48 subyek penelitian. Dilakukan preparasi gigi dan pembuatan akhiran preparasi tepi servikal shoulder, bevel shoulder, dan deep chamfer pada subyek penelitian. Pemeriksaan koloni bakteri dilakukan pada hari ke-1, 7, dan 21 setelah pemasangan mahkota collarless metal ceramic. Hasil: Menunjukkan bahwa terjadi, peningkatan jumlah koloni bakteri yang bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan dengan kelompok kontrol (p<0,05) pada desain preparasi deep chamfer dan bevel shoulder. Sedangkan pada desain preparasi tepi servikal shoulder tidak ada perbedaan yang bermakna antara kelompok perlakuan dengan kelompok kontrol (p>0,05). Kesimpulan: Desain shoulder adalah desain tepi preparasi yang terbaik bagi mahkota collarless metal ceramic dibandingkan bevel shoulder dan deep chamfer.
Management of idiopathic alveolar bone necrosis associated with oroantral fistula after upper left first molar extraction
Authors: Sumarta Ni Putu Mira
Published: August 2017

Background: Complications such as alveolar osteonecrosis and oroantral fistula can occure in maxillary molar extraction. The management of such complication is done by treating to treat any persisting maxillary sinusitis if present, prevent further antral contamination, wound bed preparation, and oroantral fistula closure with appropriate method. Purpose: This case report presents a treatment stage of an idiopathic upper alveolar bone necrosis and oroantral fistula that occurred 4 months after left upper first molar extraction. Case: A case of an idiopathic upper alveolar bone necrosis associated with oroantral fistula that occurred 4 months after left upper first molar extraction is presented. Patient suffered from pain and swelling at left upper jaw since 2 month before admission. There was a history of complicated tooth extraction 4 months earlier. Patient also complained pus and blood discharge from post extraction socket. Patient occasionally choked when drinking and fluids escaped through the nostril. There was a diffuse swelling in the left maxillary region; there was no hyperemia, with soft consistency and no pain on palpation. In the 26, 27 region there was a
The ideology of the Black Hundreds in Russia in 1905-1917
Authors: Razmolodin Maxim Lvovich
Published: August 2017

This monograph reveals the conservative essence of the Black Hundred movement and its ideology aimed at the protection of Christian and national traditions in Russia in 1905-1917. This task is solved on the basis of an analysis of the origins, foundations of the theoretical constructs and programs of the extreme right monarchist parties in comparison with the system of views of Russian nationalists. The subjects for consideration are a set of basic ideological principles, postulates and provisions of ideologies of the Black Hundred organizations; the Orthodox religious foundations of the right monarchist ideology; conservative bases of political problematics and the problem of "Russia – the West"; approaches to the definition of nation (nationality); Imperial and national perspectives; the role and place of the Russian people; attitudes to pogroms and terrorist methods of struggle. The research proposes a system of criteria for the identification of party and personal affiliation to the Black Hundred spectrum in Russia the early 20th century, allowing a clear border to be drawn with nationalist (including fascist) parties.
The urgency for this research has been caused by a poor development in the historiography. Intended for historians, sociologists, political scientists.
Determinants of Health Status Three to Six Years After Surgical Treatment of Closed Ankle Fracture and Comparison with the General Population
Authors: Stavem Knut , Naumann Markus G. , Sigurdsen Ulf , Utvåg Stein Erik
Published: August 2017

Background:

The purposes of the present study were to identify the determinants of health status 3 to 6 years after open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for the treatment of closed ankle fracture and to compare the health status of patients who had undergone this procedure with that in the general population after adjusting for sociodemographic variables, body mass index (BMI), and smoking status.

Methods:

The present study was a historical cohort study combined with a postal survey. In total, 1,149 patients who underwent ORIF for the treatment of closed ankle fractures at 2 hospitals were eligible for chart review; 959 with low-energy fractures were eligible for a postal survey, and 471 (49%) responded to the Short Form Health Survey-36 (SF-36) health status questionnaire and provided data on BMI. Determinants of the physical functioning (PF), physical component summary (PCS), and mental component summary (MCS) scores of the SF-36 were analyzed by means of multivariable linear regression analysis. The health status of patients with an ankle fracture (n = 471) was compared with that in a sample of the general population (n = 5,396) by means of multivariable regression.

Results:

Age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class III, and complications following surgery were associated with PF and PCS scores, and a BMI of ≥30 kg/m2 and current smoking status was associated with PF and MCS scores. However, the PF, PCS, and MCS scores of patients with ankle fractures did not differ from those of the general population, with unstandardized regression coefficients of 0.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], –1.67 to 2.16; p = 0.80), 0.67 (95% CI, –0.35 to 1.70; p = 0.199), and –0.57 (95% CI, –1.63 to 0.49; p = 0.29), respectively.

Conclusions:

Age, ASA class III, and complications following surgery were associated with PF and PCS scores at 3 to 6 years after surgery for the treatment of closed ankle fractures. However, the health status of patients with ankle fractures did not differ from that in the general population after adjusting for differences in demographic variables, BMI, and smoking status.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Prevalencia de uso de antimicrobianos entre pacientes hospitalizados en áreas no críticas en un hospital universitario de México
Authors: Soria-Orozco Manuel , Padrón-Salas Aldanely , González-Mercado José De Jesús , Villava-von der Heyde Natalia , Valerdi-Contreras Lorena , López-Iñiguez Álvaro , Ontiveros-Mercado Heriberto
Published: August 2017

Señor editor: Enviamos los resultados de un estudio realizado en un hospital de referencia del área occidente del país concerniente a la prevalencia y justificación del uso de antimicrobianos…
Automedicación en personas con enfermedad reciente que no buscan atención y su asociación con los lugares en los que piden ayuda
Authors: Virú-Loza Manuel André
Published: August 2017

Señor editor: Envío algunos resultados del análisis a la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares (Enaho) 2015 de Perú, sobre la automedicación en personas con una enfermedad reciente que no buscan atención en establecimientos de salud.
Producción científica latinoamericana en economía de la salud, 2005-2014
Authors: Vera-Monge Víctor , García-Yu Irene , De-la-Cruz-Oré Jorge , Atamari-Anahui Noé , Ortún-Rubio Vicente
Published: August 2017

Señor editor: En Latinoamérica, el incremento del producto interno bruto en relación con los nuevos escenarios epidemiológicos de cada país ocasionó un aumento y redistribución de los gastos en salud.
Nanopore Imaging in Vaca Muerta Mudrocks To Evaluate Controls on Complex Resistivity Spectra in Unconventional Reservoirs
Authors: Norbisrath Jan H. , Grammer G. Michael , Vanden Berg Beth , Tenaglia Max , Eberli Gregor P. , Weger Ralf J.
Published: August 2017

Nanopore geometry and mineralogy are key parameters for effective hydrocarbon exploration and production in unconventional reservoirs. This study describes an approach to evaluate relationships between low-frequency complex resistivity spectra (CRS), nanopore geometry, and mineralogy to use CRS to provide estimates of reservoir parameters concerning hydrocarbon saturation, storage, and producibility.

For this purpose, the frequency dispersion of CRS was analyzed in 56 mudrock core plugs from the Vaca Muerta Formation (VMF) (Jurassic/Cretaceous) in Argentina, along with cementation factors (m), carbonate content (CO3), and total organic carbon (TOC). To quantify the nanoporosity, a subset of 23 samples was milled with broad ion beam (BIB) and imaged with scanning electron microscopy (SEM); the image grids of these samples were stitched together into high-resolution BIB-SEM mosaics and analyzed with digital image analysis (DIA) techniques.

Results show that porosity is the dominant control on electrical properties in the mudrocks analyzed as part of this study. There is no conclusive evidence that pore geometry influences the electrical properties in the analyzed mudrocks. Pore-geometry parameters [dominant pore size (DOMsize) and perimeter over area (PoA)] do not correlate with electrical properties. Instead, mineralogy shows a first-order correlation with electrical properties, where cementation exponents are higher in rocks with high TOC and low CO3 content.

CRS can be used to estimate porosity and cementation factors with high correlation coefficients of R2 = 0.71 and R2 = 0.95, respectively. Estimates of the 2D interfacial surface area (ISA2D), which is a function of both pore geometry and porosity, achieve an R2 = 0.59. The results of this study suggest that low-frequency dielectric rock properties, if measured downhole, could be useful to identify primary producing intervals in unconventional reservoirs, and to accurately determine cementation factors independent of formation fluids and porosity.
The Spurious Deflection on Log-Log Superposition-Time Derivative Plots of Diagnostic Fracture-Injection Tests
Authors: McClure Mark
Published: August 2017

Log-log superposition-time derivative plots are used to identify flow regimes in well tests with variable rate. The use of superposition time adjusts for the effect of the prior rate history, and (under some conditions) shows what the transient would have looked like if the test had been performed at a constant rate. In this report, I show that if these plots are used to interpret shut-in transients from diagnostic fracture-injection tests (DFITs), the superposition-time derivative has an upward deflection that does not represent actual reservoir or transient behavior. I review mathematical properties of the superposition-time derivative. I derive equations for the pressure transient in a simplified model DFIT in which closure does not occur. I show that the onset of late-time impulse flow is controlled by injection volume and formation, wellbore, and fracture properties, not the duration of injection (as implied by the definition of superposition time). Log-log superposition-time derivative plots of DFITs exhibit a slope of 3/2 at intermediate time. However, pressure change never scales with a 3/2 power of time. One form of the G-function superficially resembles a superposition-time function constructed by summing constant-rate solutions with 3/2 power scaling. However, this is not a mathematically or physically valid interpretation. The 3/2 power arises from a spatial integration of the Carter leakoff solution. There is not a mathematical, physical, or practical justification for plotting DFIT pressure-time data in a way that creates a 3/2 slope. I conclude by providing a field example and practical recommendations for DFIT interpretation.
Effect of Sugarbeet Density and Harvest Date on Most Profitable Nitrogen Rate
Authors: DeBruyn Amanda H. , O'Halloran Ivan P. , Lauzon John D. , Van Eerd Laura L.
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

First evaluation of profitable N rates in sugarbeet using variable revenue and costs.

Most profitable N rate was 136 kg N ha−1, regardless of plant density or harvest date.

More fertilizer N needed to maximize root yield than profits or sucrose yield (recoverable white sucrose per tonne).

Opportunity to modify payment structure to reward sucrose over root yield.

Risk of potential N losses was lower with higher plant density and later harvest.

The response of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) root and sucrose yield to N fertility is well known, but the influence of recent changes of higher plant densities and/or earlier harvest dates may influence optimal fertilizer N rates. An experiment, in a split‐plot design, was established in 2013 to 2015 at two locations each year. There were 10 whole plot treatments consisting of combinations of five N rates and two plant densities and subplot of harvest date (mid‐September, late October). A lack of interactions among N rate, harvest date, and plant density for root or sucrose yield and profit margins, suggested no need to adjust fertilizer N based on these production practices. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) indices and N remaining in the field at harvest suggest a higher potential for N loss with an early than late harvest and at low vs. high plant densities; therefore, from an environmental perspective and based on equivalent profit margins, late harvest and high plant densities were recommended. Based on regression analysis, the N fertilizer rate to maximize root yield, recoverable white sucrose per tonne (RWST) and profit margins was 157, 12, and 136 kg N ha−1, respectively. Less fertilizer N (113 vs. 152 kg N ha−1) was required with legume compared to grass species as the previous crop. This was the first study in a humid, temperate climate to establish recommended fertilizer N rates based on profit margins and identify an opportunity to restructure grower payments to encourage higher RWST.
Analyzing Within‐County Hydrogeomorphological Characteristics as a Precursor to Phosphorus Index Modifications
Authors: Veith Tamie L. , Goslee Sarah C. , Beegle Doug B. , Weld Jennifer L. , Kleinman Peter J. A.
Published: August 2017

Phosphorus (P) site assessment is used nationally and internationally to assess the vulnerability of agricultural fields to P loss and identify high‐risk areas controlling watershed P export. Current efforts to update P site assessment tools must ensure that these tools are representative of the range of conditions to which they will be applied. We sought to identify key parameters available in public GIS data that are descriptive of potential source areas in Pennsylvania and that ensure that modifications of the P Index span all feasible parameter combinations. Relevant soil and topographic variables were compiled for Pennsylvania at 30‐m resolution, and areas within 90 m of permanent streams were extracted. Within each county, k‐means and classification trees were used to identify and create classification rules for topoedaphic groups. Within counties, two to five groups adequately represented near‐stream complexity, with available water capacity, hydraulic conductivity, and organic matter being the most important environmental variables. Discontinuities across soil survey boundaries made it impossible to develop clusterings beyond the county level. For county‐scale research and management efforts, these groupings provide a manageable approach to identifying representative sites for near‐stream agricultural lands. The full set of representative sites across the state enables evaluation of the P Index throughout the full hydrogeomorphic diversity of Pennsylvania. In future work, we can then combine a set of reasonable management practices with each of the main hydrogeomorphological regions resulting from this study and verify the revised P Index against expert knowledge and simulation results.

Core Ideas

Hydraulic properties and organic matter are key for grouping near‐stream soils.

Discontinuities across soil surveys prevent modeling regions across counties.

Two to five groups per county are sufficient to classify most near‐stream soils.

Cluster analysis of environmental data provides a focus for revising the P Index.
Quantitative Trait Loci for Chloride Tolerance in ‘Osage’ Soybean
Authors: Zeng Ailan , Lara Laura , Chen Pengyin , Luan Xiaoyan , Hancock Floyd , Korth Ken , Brye Kristofer , Pereira Andy , Wu Chengjun
Published: August 2017

Salt is a severe abiotic stress that reduces soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield by >20% in saline soils and irrigated fields. Marker‐assisted selection (MAS) is an efficient method to identify salt‐tolerant soybean lines. ‘Osage’ is a salt‐tolerant and high‐yielding cultivar in the Mid‐South of the United States and is a distant progeny tracing five generations back to ‘S‐100’. The objective of this study was to determine the inheritance of salt tolerance in Osage soybean by identifying the quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the trait. A chloride (Cl−) includer, ‘RA‐452’, was crossed with Cl− excluder, Osage, to develop an F4:6 mapping population. The F4:6 lines were genotyped by 5403 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers spanning 20 chromosomes (Chr.), of which, 1269 were polymorphic. The salt stress response of F4:6 lines, along with parental genotypes, was evaluated in the greenhouse in April and June 2013. Three different treatments (120 mM NaCl, 120 mM KCl, and water) were initiated at V1 stage and continued for ∼18 to 21 d. The leaf Cl− contents were quantified by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. Composite interval mapping analysis indicated that a major Cl−–tolerant QTL was confirmed and narrowed down on Chr. 3 in both NaCl and KCl treatments, a novel Cl−–tolerant QTL on Chr. 15 was identified in NaCl treatment, and a novel Cl−–tolerant QTL on Chr. 13 was identified in the KCl treatment. Two annotated genes, Glyma.13G161800 and Glyma.15G091600, were proposed to be the candidate gene conferring the Cl− tolerance within QTL region on Chr. 13 and 15, respectively. A total of 27 SNP markers were significantly associated with Cl− tolerance, which could be used for MAS in breeding salt‐tolerant soybean lines.
Flow Vector Analysis Methods for a Pressure Sensor Network on a Steep Hillslope
Authors: Gwak Yongseok , Kim Sanghyun , Lee Khilha , Noh Seongjin , An Hyunuk
Published: August 2017

Core Ideas

Pressure variations of a steep hillslope were monitored with an in situ tensiometer network.

Vertical flows appeared when pressure variations were negligible.

Lateral flows were primarily associated with transitional periods of pressure.

The soil moisture characteristic curve was characterized in the context of flow path variation.

Investigation of the temporal variations in flow regimes is important for understanding the hydrological processes of hillslopes. An in situ tensiometer network was designed and installed to monitor pressure variations of a steep hillslope. Based on this network, two methods, one using the total potential gradient and another using the centroid potential gradient, were proposed to estimate the flow gradient vectors. A flow gradient vector can be separated into vertical, lateral, and transverse components, which were applied to characterize three‐dimensional pressure fields. Time series of the potential hydraulic gradients were obtained at two different depths within the regolith during a 4‐mo period. The fine temporal resolution of the pressure gradient vectors allowed detailed analysis of the transitional flow paths that occurred during the wetting and drying stages of rainfall events. The transitional behavior of the flow angles in various temporal rainfall distributions was assessed to characterize distinct flow regimes in both the saturated and unsaturated zones. Vertical flows (i.e., downward and upward flows) appeared when pressure variations were negligible, whereas lateral flows (i.e., diagonal recharge and upslope lateral flow) were primarily associated with transitional periods of pressure. The flow vectors rotated from upward to downward flow in a clockwise direction during wetting periods and from downward to upward flow in drying periods. The impact of macropore and root development, density of gravel, and weathered rock with fracture in depth can be expressed through distinct probability density distributions of flow angles between the upper and lower pressure networks. Flow vector analysis with respect to soil moisture measurements indicated that the soil moisture characteristic curve could be characterized based on the context of the flow path variation at a point on a steep hillslope.
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Matematika SMP Kelas VIII Semester Genap dengan Pendekatan Saintifik
Authors: Maprokhi Maprokhi
Published: August 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika SMP kelas VIII semester genap dengan pendekatan saintifik yang valid, praktis, dan efektif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan menggunakan model pengembangan Four-D yang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu: (1) pendefinisian, (2) perancangan, (3) pengembangan, dan (4) penyebaran.Kualitas perangkat pembelajaran terdiri dari tiga kriteria berikut: (1) kevalidan, (2) kepraktisan, dan (3) keefektifan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Penelitian menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran yang terdiri atas RPP, LKS dan instrumen penilaian aspek sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut:(1)perangkat pembelajaran memenuhi kriteria kevalidanberdasarkan hasil validasi ahli; (2) perangkat pembelajaran memenuhi kriteria kepraktisan berdasarkan hasil penilaian oleh guru, penilaian oleh siswa, dan keterlaksanaan pembelajaran.; (3) perangkat pembelajaran memenuhi kriteria keefektifan berdasarkan hasil belajar siswa pada aspek sikap, pengetahuan dan keterampilan.Kata Kunci: pengembangan, perangkat pembelajaran, pendekatan saintifik. Developing Mathematics Instructional Materials for 8th Grade Students of Junior High School in Their Second Semester Based on the Scientific Approach AbstractThe aim of this study is  to produce mathematics instructional materials for 8thgrade students of junior high school in their second semester based on the scientific approach which is valid, practical, and effective.This study was a research and development study using the Four-D development model consisting of fourstages: (1) define, (2) design, (3) develop,and (4) disseminate.The quality of instructional materials consisting of the following three criterion: (1) validity, (2) practicality, and (3) effectiveness, The data analysis technique used in this study is a descriptive quantitative analysis. The research produced instructional materials consisting of lesson plans, student worksheets and assesment instrument for attitude, knowledge and skill aspects. The result of the research shows that: (1) the instructional materials fulfill the validity criteria base on experts’ appraisal; (2) the instructional materials fulfill the practicality criterion base on teacher’sassesment, students’ assessment, and  learning implementation; (3)the instructional materials fulfill the effectiveness criterion base on student learning achievement in attitude, knowledge and skill aspects.Keywords: development, instructional materials, scientific approach.
Pembelajaran Matematika dengan Pendekatan Cooperative Learning Ditinjau dari Prestasi Belajar, Motivasi, dan Akhlak Mulia Siswa
Authors: Yasna Lella Tahlilla
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan cooperative learning tipe Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) dan cooperative  learning tipe Jigsaw serta membandingkan keefektifan kedua pendekatan tersebut ditinjau dari prestasi, motivasi belajar, dan akhlak mulia siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah quasi experiment dengan pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MA Ali Maksum, sedangkan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X-E dan X-G. Untuk menguji keefektifan pembelajaran matematika dengan pendekatan cooperative learning tipe STAD dan cooperative learning tipe Jigsaw ditinjau dari masing-masing variabel, data dianalisis menggunakan uji t-test one sample, sedangkan untuk membandingkan keefektifan pembelajaran menggunakan kedua pendekatan tersebut, data dianalisis secara multivariat dengan statistik uji two-group MANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan cooperative learning tipe STAD dan tipe Jigsaw efektif digunakan dalam pembelajaran matematika dan tidak terdapat perbedaan keefektifan penggunaan kedua pendekatan tersebut dalam pembelajaran matematika ditinjau dari prestasi, motivasi belajar, dan akhlak mulia siswa.Kata kunci: cooperative learning tipe STAD, cooperative learning tipe jigsaw, prestasi belajar, motivasi belajar, dan akhlak mulia Learning Mathematics with Cooperative Learning Approach in Terms of Students’ Achievement, Motivation, and Noble Character AbstractThis study aimed to describe the effectiveness of mathematics learning using cooperative learning approach type Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) and cooperative learning type Jigsaw and to compare the effectiveness of both approaches in terms of students’ achievement, learning motivation, and noble character. This study was a quasi experiment research with pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. The study population included all students of class X MA Ali Maksum and the sample was class X-E and X-G that were selected randomly. To determine the effectiveness of mathematics learning using cooperative learning approach type STAD and cooperative learning type Jigsaw in terms of each variables, the data were analyzed using one sample t-test. Then to compare the effectiveness of mathematics learning using both approaches, the data were analyzed using multivariate statistical with two-group MANOVA test. The results show that the mathematics learning with cooperative learning type STAD and jigsaw was effective and there is no difference in the effectiveness of mathematics learning using cooperative learning type STAD and jigsaw in terms of students’ achievement, learning motivation, and noble character.Keywords: cooperative learning type STAD, cooperative learning type jigsaw, learning achievement, learning motivation, and noble character.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Bangun Ruang Sisi Lengkung Melalui CTL dan Open Ended terhadap Hasil Belajar Kognitif, Sikap, dan Keterampilan
Authors: Yamti Yamti
Published: August 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan (1) pengaruh pembelajaran pada bangun ruang sisi lengkung dengan strategi pembelajaran kooperatif Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dan Open Ended terhadap hasil belajar kognitif siswa, (2) pengaruh pembelajaran pada bangun ruang sisi lengkung dengan strategi pembelajaran kooperatif CTL dan Open Ended terhadap sikap siswa, dan (3) pengaruh pembelajaran pada bangun ruang sisi lengkung dengan strategi pembelajaran kooperatif CTL dan Open Ended terhadap keterampilan matematika siswa. Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimen semu. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas IX SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Yogyakarta tahun pelajaran 2014/2015, sedangkan sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas IX D dipilih secara acak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh pembelajaran bangun ruang sisi lengkung dengan strategi kooperatif CTL dan Open Endedterhadap hasil belajar kognitif, sikap, dan keterampilan siswa.Kata Kunci: contextual teaching and learning, open ended, hasil belajar kognitif, hasil belajar sikap, hasil belajar keterampilan The Influence of the Space Curved Side Up Learning Through CTL and Open Ended toward the Learning Result of Cognitive, Attitude, and Skill  AbstractThe aims of this research was to investigate: (1) the influence of the space curved side up learning with CTL cooperative learning strategy and Open Ended toward the students learning result of cognitive, (2) the influence of the space curved side up learning with CTL cooperative learning strategy and Open Ended toward the students learning result of attitude, and (3) the influence of the space curved side up learning with CTL cooperative learning strategy and Open Ended toward the students learning result of mathematical skills. This research was quasi experiment. The population of research was all students grade IX SMP Muhammadiyah 8 Yogyakarta, while the sample of research was students in class IX D selected randomly. The results show that the space curved side up learning with the of contextual teaching learning and open ended has influence toward the students learning result of cognitive, attitude, and skills.Keywords: contextual teaching and learning, open ended, the learning result of cognitive, the learning result of attitude, the learning result of skills.
Keefektifan Pembelajaran dengan Pendekatan CTL dan PBL Ditinjau dari Motivasi dan Prestasi Belajar Matematika
Authors: Laili Husnul
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) dan Problem Based Learning (PBL) ditinjau dari motivasi dan prestasi belajar matematika siswa, serta membandingkan keefektifan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan CTL dan PBL ditinjau dari motivasi dan prestasi belajar matematika siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu, yang menggunakan dua kelompok eksperimen. Untuk mengetahui keefektifan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan CTL dan PBL digunakan uji one sample t-test pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Untuk membandingkan keefektifan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan CTL dan PBL, data dianalisis secara multivariat menggunakan T2 Hotelling dengan taraf signifikansi 5% dan dianalisis lanjut menggunakan uji t univariat dengan kriteria Bonferoni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran dengan pendekatan CTL dan PBL efektif ditinjau dari motivasi dan prestasi belajar matematika siswa, dan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan PBL lebih efektif dibanding dengan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan CTL ditinjau dari prestasi belajar matematika siswa, tetapi pembelajaran dengan pendekatan PBL tidak lebih efektif dibanding dengan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan CTL ditinjau dari motivasi belajar matematika siswa.Kata kunci: CTL, PBL, motivasi, prestasi belajar. The Effectiveness of the CTL and PBL Approaches Viewed from Students’ Motivation and Achievement in Mathematics Learning AbstractThis study aimed to describe the effectiveness of the Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL) and Problem Based Learning (PBL) approaches viewed from students’ motivation and achievement in mathematics learning, and to compare the effectiveness of the CTL and the PBL approach in mathematics learning viewed from students’ motivation and achievement. This study was a quasi-experimental research and used two experimental groups. To find out the effectiveness of the CTL and PBL approach in each variable, the data were analyzed using one-sample t-test what the significance level of 5%. To compare the effectiveness of the CTL and PBL approaches, the data were analyzed using the multivariate T2 Hotelling with the significance level of 5% and followed up by the univariate analysis using the Bonferoni criterion. The results of the study show that the CTL and PBL approaches were effective viewed from students’ motivation and achievement in mathematics learning and the PBL approach was more effective than CTL approach viewed from students’ achievement in mathematics but the PBL approach is not more effective than CTL approach viewed from students’ motivation in mathematics learning.Keywords: CTL, PBL, motivation, learning achievement.
Keefektifan problem posing dan problem solving ditinjau dari ketercapaian kompetensi, metode, dan sikap matematis
Authors: Nasrullah Ahmad , Marsigit Marsigit
Published: August 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan membandingkan keefektifan pembelajaran problem posing dan  problem solving ditinjau dari ketercapaian kompetensi dasar, metode matematis, dan sikap matematis siswa SMA. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain Nonequivalent (Pretest and Posttest) group design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Sakra Lombok Timur yang terdiri dari tujuh kelas. Dari tujuh kelas tersebut, dipilih secara acak dua kelas sebagai kelas eksperimen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut. 1). Pendekatan problem posing dan problem solving efektif ditinjau dari ketercapaian kompetensi dasar, metode matematis, dan sikap  matematis siswa SMA. 2). Ada perbedaan keefektifan pendekatan problem posing dan problem solving ditinjau dari ketiga variabel dependen secara simultan. 3). Pendekatan problem solving lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan pendekatan  problem posingditinjau dari ketercapaian kompetensi dasar dan kemampuan metode matematis. 4). Tidak ada perbedaan keefektifan kedua pendekatan pembelajaran ditinjau dari sikap  matematis siswa SMA.Kata Kunci: pendekatan problem posing, problem solving, ketercapaian kompetensi dasar, metode matematis, sikap matematis siswa. The effectiveness of problem posing and problem solving in terms of basic competence attainment, mathematical method, and mathematical attitude AbstractThis study aims to describe and compare the effectiveness of problem posing and problem solving approaches in terms of mathematics basic competence attainment, mathematical method, and mathematical attitude of senior high school students. This study was a quasi-experimental study using the nonequivalent pretest and posttest group design. The population was the  X grade students of State Senior High School 1 of Sakra Lombok Timur that consisted of seven classes. The sample was two classes selected randomly from all Year X classes. The results of the study are as follows. 1) Problem posing and problem solving approaches are effective in terms of the mathematics basic competence attainment, mathematical method and mathematical attitude of Senior Hogh School students. 2) There is a different effect of problem posing and problem solving approaches on all dependent variables simultaneously. 3) Problem solving approach is more effective than problem posing in terms of the basic competence attainment and mathematical method. 4) There is no different effect of problem posing and problem solving approaches in terms of student mathematical attitude.Keywords: problem posing approach, problem solving approach, mathematics basic competence attainment, mathematical method, mathematical attitude.
Penerapan skema tanda tangan Schnorr pada pembuatan tanda tangan digital
Authors: Isnaini Herdita Fajar , Karyati Karyati
Published: August 2017

Tanda tangan digital dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu cara untuk menjamin keaslian pesan atau informasi yang diterima. Salah satu skema yang dapat digunakan dalam membentuk tanda tangan adalah skema tanda tangan Schnorr. Skema tanda tangan ini berdasarkan pada masalah logaritma diskret. Skema ini memerlukan penggunaan fungsi hash yang akan menghasilkan nilai hash pesan untuk pembuatan tanda tangan, yang menjadi salah satu alasan keamanan dari skema ini. Skema tanda tangan Schnorr terdiri dari tiga proses, yaitu: pembentukan kunci, pembuatan tanda tangan serta verifikasi. Kajian ini akan membahas mengenai skema tanda tangan Schnorr dalam membentuk tanda tangan digital sebagai pengaman keaslian informasi, yang dibahas per prosesnya, meliputi: pembentukan kunci, pembuatan tanda tangan yang disertai perhitungan nilai hash serta verifikasi. Hasil dari kajian ini adalah didapatkan algoritma – algoritma dari skema tanda tangan Schnorr, yaitu algoritma pembentukan kunci publik dan kunci privat, algoritma pembuatan tanda tangan, serta algoritma verifikasi tanda tangan.Kata Kunci: tanda tangan digital, skema tanda tangan Schnorr, nilai hash, kunci publik, kunci privat. Implementation of Schnorr Signature Scheme in The Form of  Digital Signature AbstractDigital signature can be used as a way to ensure the authenticity of a received message or information. There is a scheme that can be used to form a signature called Schnorr signature scheme. This signature scheme is based on discrete logarithm problem. This scheme requires the use of hash function that will result to a message digest to form the signature, which is the reason of this scheme’s security. Schnorr signature scheme consists of three processes, namely: the key generation, signature formation, and verification. This study will discuss the Schnorr signature scheme in the form of digital signatures as a safeguard of an information’s authenticity, which is discussed process by process, including: the key generation, signature formation as well as the calculation of message digest and verification. The results of this study obtained algorithms - algorithms of Schnorr signature scheme, which is an algorithm of a public key and a private key generation, an algorithm of the signature formation, and an algorithm of signature verification.Keywords: digital signature, Schnorr signature scheme, message digest, public key, privat key
Existing Calf Management and Milk Marketing Practices followed in Kheda and Panchmahal Districts of Middle Gujarat
Authors: Divekar B. S. , Trivedi M. M.
Published: August 2017

The present study was undertaken in Kheda and Panchmahal districts of middle Gujarat to know the existing calf management and milk marketing practices followed by the dairy farmers. The study was conducted in randomly selected four talukas each from Kheda and Panchmahal districts. From each taluka five villages and from each village five respondents were randomly selected. Thus, total 200 respondents were included in the study. Majority (71.50 %) of the respondents followed practice of cutting the naval cord of the calf at the time of birth, of which 67.83 percent farmers were ligating and applying antiseptic to naval cord. More than half of the farmers followed disbudding in Kheda district whereas, more than three fourth of the farmers have not adopted this practice in Panchmahal district. Majority (95.00 %) of the respondents followed suckling / natural system of calf raising. Majority of the respondents provided colostrum to the calves within one hour of birth (55.00 %) or at the most between one to three hours of birth (28.50 %). Moreover, 38.00 percent of the farmers provided colostrums only after expulsion of placenta. Cent percent of the respondents from both the districts sold the milk to the dairy co-operative societies. However, majority (85.50 %) of the dairy farmers retained 1 to 2 liters of milk for their household consumption.
Fenvalerate Toxicity in a Germen Shephard Dog
Authors: Parmar J. J. , Parikh P. V. , Gondaliya R. B. , Chevelikar P. R.
Published: August 2017

Synthetic pyrethroids account for more than 30% of insecticides used worldwide in household, agricultural and veterinary applications. Fenvalerate is synthetic pyrethroid used in agriculture, homes, gardens, and also in livestock alone or in combination with other insecticides (Ramana Murthy et al., 2015). Fenvalerate is used since 1980 in India, yet its toxicity has not been reported so far. This case report describes acute toxicity of fenvalerate in a dog.
Successful Chemotherapy of Canine Transmissible Venereal Tumor in a Bitch
Authors: Parmar K. H. , Joseph Joice P. , Patel J. S. , Morabiya K. K. , Thakre B. J.
Published: August 2017

Transmissible venereal tumor (TVT), also referred to as Sticker’s tumor, venereal granuloma, transmissible venereal sarcoma, infective venereal tumor, and transplantable lymphosarcoma, is a tumor that primarily affects the genitalia of sexually mature dogs, and is usually transmitted during coitus (Rogers, 1997). In India, it is the most common tumor of dogs owing to uncontrolled breeding practices (Singh et al ., 1991). The transmissible nature is suggestive of an infectious etiology; however, no infectious particles have ever been detected within the tumor cells (Rogers, 1997). These tumor cells are not the patient’s own cells transformed into cancer cells. The TVT is a tumor that grafts itself from one dog’s body onto another dog’s body (Richardson, 1981). The present communication reports a case of TVT and its successful chemotherapeutic management in a bitch.
Postpartum Uterine Prolapse in a Jaffarabadi Buffalo - A Case Report
Authors: Vijyeta H. P. , Solanki G. B. , Chaudhary J. K. , Parmar K. H. , Parikh S. S.
Published: August 2017

The actual cause of prolapse of uterus is not clear, but there is no doubt that it occurs during the third stage of labour within a few hours of the expulsion of the calf and at a time when some of the foetal cotyledons have separated from the maternal carbuncles (Arthur, 2001). Prolapse of the uterus is a common complication of the third stage of labour in the buffaloes (Joseph et al., 2001). In ruminants, uterine prolapse is generally a complete eversion of the gravid uterus, wherein multigravidas (dairy bovines) are more often involved than the heifers, while in the sow and the bitch eversion is generally partial and comprises of one cornua only (Arthur,2001; Jackson, 2004). The condition is predisposed by genetic as well as managemental factors and precipitated by straining, parturition and dystocia (Odegaard, 1977). The incidence of vaginal prolapse was observed to be maximum as prepartum prolapse (56.30%), followed by postpartum vaginal prolapse (12.90 %) and vaginal prolapse in non-pregnant (5.70 %) buffaloes (Pandit et al ., 1982). The present paper deals with a case of postpartum complete uterine prolapse and its successful management in a Jaffarabadi buffalo.