bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Gap: Insights From Telepractice Augmentative and Alternative Communication Services in the Digital Age
Authors: Hurtig Richard R. , Blackstone Sarah W. , Goldman Amy S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

The United States Society for Augmentative and Alternative Communication and the Patient-Provider Communication Network sought to quantify the impact of utilization of and access to telepractice for the provision of augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) services. The purpose of this article is to summarize findings from two surveys that explored the kinds of AAC services delivered remotely, barriers to AAC addressed through telepractice, and impact of the availability of remote AAC services on people with communication disabilities and their caregivers.

Method:

The study team developed two online surveys: (a) for speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and (b) for individual AAC clients (or family members in the case of pediatric clients).

Results:

Survey responses were obtained from 66 SLPs and 90 AAC clients/family members. Access to telepractice allowed clients/family members to overcome both access and financial barriers. Respondents indicated that the availability of AAC telepractice services reduced transportation barriers, increased access to services by appropriately trained clinicians, and improved the outcomes for individuals needing AAC.

Conclusions:

Telepractice has made it possible for individuals with significant medical challenges, as well as those residing in areas lacking qualified providers, to receive services. Given that both clinicians and clients/families indicated that travel to receive services posed a significant barrier to access medically necessary treatment, the anticipated December 2024 end of Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services' authorization of reimbursement for telepractice services will be detrimental to many needing AAC services.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27885447
Optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays: A fast and precise quadratically constrained quadratic programming solution methodology
Authors: Poursaeed Amir Hossein , Doostizadeh Meysam , Hossein Beigi Fard Sina , Baharvand Amir Hossein , Namdari Farhad
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, power system protection is increasingly important because of the growing number of customers and the pressing need for timely fault resolution and relay operations. This paper addresses the non‐linear nature of the objective function in the optimal coordination of directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs) by employing a quadratic Taylor series expansion around an operating point, converting the problem into a quadratically constrained quadratic programming problem, ensuring a global optimal solution with increased computational efficiency. Additionally, the quadratic constraints are converted into second‐order cone constraints for compatibility with the CPLEX solver. Using the least square method, the operating point values are determined and further fine‐tuned using iterations with the DOCR operation times. The IEEE 3‐bus, IEEE 8‐bus, and IEEE 14‐bus test systems are used to test the method, which shows higher improvement rates in reducing DOCR operation times and enhancing cooperation than conventional and metaheuristic methods. The simulation results verify the numerical superiority of the method in optimizing the protection system's efficiency while obtaining rapid and accurate solutions. The proposed method was tested on IEEE 3‐bus, 8‐bus, and 14‐bus systems, optimizing relay operating times to 0.87, 2.96, and 7.05 s, respectively, demonstrating the method's efficiency over conventional approaches.
An adaptive assessment method of power system transient stability considering PMU data loss
Authors: Ma Binyu , Yang Jun , Peng Xiaotao , Jiang Kezheng , Liu Dan , Cao Kan
Published: December 2024

Transient stability assessment (TSA) plays an important role in ensuring the reliable operation of power systems. With the popularity of phasor measurement units (PMUs), data‐driven TSA methods have been widely concerned. However, the performance of TSA model may deteriorate when data loss occurs due to PMU failure. This paper proposes an adaptive assessment method for transient stability of power systems considering PMU data loss. First, considering the importance of temporal features, a collection of PMU clusters is constructed to minimize the failure risk and maintain full observability of the whole buses of the grid. Secondly, a weighted integrated assessment model based on PMU clusters is constructed by using an improved eXplainable Convolutional neural network for Multivariate time series classification (XCM) as a TSA classifier. The model can make full use of time series information to carry out adaptive TSA and maintain the robustness of the assessment performance even when PMU failure occurs. Finally, it is verified in a modified IEEE 39‐bus system with wind power and solar power. The effect of the proposed method shows high accuracy and strong anti‐noise interference ability in case of data loss.
Development of an enhanced base unit generation framework for predicting demand in free‐floating micro‐mobility
Authors: Lee Dohyun , Kim Kyoungok
Published: December 2024

Accurate demand forecasting has become increasingly necessary in the burgeoning field of free‐floating micro‐mobility systems. However, for model training, the service area must be divided into specific areal units, which often involves grid‐based methods. Although these methods are feasible and provide a uniform area division, they are highly susceptible to the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP), which is a critical issue in spatial data analysis. Although MAUP can adversely affect predictive model learning, studies addressing this issue are scarce. Therefore, a novel base areal unit generation algorithm is proposed that employs a clustering approach to enhance the prediction accuracy in free‐floating micro‐mobility system demand. The method identifies suitable base areal units by merging smaller ones while considering the similarities in temporal usage patterns and distances between different areas, mitigating the impact of MAUP during model learning. The approach was evaluated using shared e‐scooter data from two cities, Kansas City and Minneapolis, and it was compared to the traditional grid method. The findings indicate that the proposed framework generally improves prediction performance within the newly defined areal units.
A high effectiveness impact‐optimized piezoelectric energy harvesting interface system
Authors: Shoorabi Sani Saman
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a novel high‐performance impact‐optimized interface system for an impact‐driven piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) which utilizes two independent parallel harvesting plans, that is, low‐efficiency self‐powered passive path and high‐efficiency active maximum power point tracking (MPPT)‐based path, for different situations based on the characteristics of the input excitation and stored energy content which are evaluated by the mode detection unit. It uses a synchronous electrical charge extraction‐based self‐powered passive circuit as a primary energy extraction strategy. Thus, the proposed structure is self‐sustained with cold start capability. When the determined prerequisites are met, the system switches to the secondary energy extraction strategy, that is, high‐efficiency MPPT‐based path, in which during the maximum power point sensing phase, the PEH is sensed without disconnecting it from the interface and during the maximum power point setting phase, a bidirectional DC/DC converter performs a fully bidirectional energy transfer, increasing the extraction efficiency. The proposed system is designed and simulated using standard 180 nm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. Post‐layout simulation results show that when the input energy content is around 50 µJ, the FoMMOPIR, periodic harvesting efficiency, shock harvesting efficiency, MPPT efficiency, and effectiveness of the proposed system are 505%, 65%, 80%, 70%, and 56%, respectively.
Quantum anonymous one vote veto protocol based on entanglement swapping
Authors: Wang Yanmeng , Jiang Min , Wei Yuzhen , Zhao Wenhao
Published: December 2024

As a special voting method, one‐vote veto voting also has a wide range of applications. A veto means that when the voting council puts forward a proposal, it cannot pass unless all the voters agree to it. If there is a no vote, the proposal will be rejected, but no one will know how anyone else votes. In most existing quantum anonymous one‐vote veto voting protocols, an absolutely honest third party is generally required to assist the voting. However, it is difficult to find a fully trusted third party in reality. In addition, the existing quantum anonymous one‐vote veto protocol does not consider the attack from the insider voters. Therefore, based on the characteristics of entanglement swapping between the Cat state and Bell state, the authors propose a new quantum anonymous one‐vote veto protocol, which can not only calculate the voting result quickly and effectively but also demonstrate higher security.
A novel approach to simulate moving targets in automotive radar applications
Authors: Zhang Linyan , Xu Chengfa , Jiang Haiqing , Zhang Wulong
Published: December 2024

In the field of automotive radar testing, radar target simulators (RTS) based on fibre delay technology are limited by production processes, typically achieving distance steps of only 1 cm. Meanwhile, simulators utilising digital DRFM (Digital Radio Frequency Memory) technology face similar constraints, with a minimum distance step size of 3 cm, dictated by the ADC sampling rate (corresponding to a sampling rate of 5 GHz). In both types of simulators, abrupt changes in target distance result in phase discontinuities due to the step size being greater than the wavelength, ultimately distorting the target velocity spectrum. This paper proposes a phase compensation method based on instantaneous frequency measurement for a digital DRFM simulator, which ensures the continuity of the phase in the RTS output signal, achieving an ideal simulation of the target velocity spectrum. Additionally, it enables millimetre‐level distance stepping.
S5: New insights from deep spectroscopic observations of the tidal tails of the globular clusters NGC 1261 and NGC 1904
Authors: Awad Petra , Li Ting S. , Erkal Denis , Peletier Reynier F. , Bunte Kerstin , Koposov Sergey E. , Li Andrew , Balbinot Eduardo , Smith Rory , Canducci Marco , Tiňo Peter , Senkevich Alexandra M. , Cullinane Lara R. , Da Costa Gary S. , Ji Alexander P. , Kuehn Kyler , Lewis Geraint F. , Pace Andrew B. , Zucker Daniel B. , Bland-Hawthorn Joss , Limberg Guilherme , Martell Sarah L. , McKenzie Madeleine , Yang Yong , Usman Sam A.
Published: December 2024

As globular clusters (GCs) orbit the Milky Way, their stars are tidally stripped and form tidal tails that follow the orbit of the cluster around the Galaxy. The morphology of these tails is complex and shows correlations with the phase of orbit and the orbital angular velocity, especially for GCs on eccentric orbits. Here we focus on two GCs, NGC 1261 and NGC 1904, that were potentially accreted alongside Gaia-Enceladus and that have shown signatures of having, in addition to tidal tails, structures formed by distributions of extra-tidal stars that are misaligned with the general direction of the clusters’ respective orbits. To provide an explanation for the formation of these structures, we made use of spectroscopic measurements from the Southern Stellar Stream Spectroscopic Survey (S5) as well as proper motion measurements from Gaia’s third data release (DR3), and applied a Bayesian mixture modelling approach to isolate high-probability member stars. We recovered extra-tidal features surrounding each cluster matching findings from previous work. We then conducted N-body simulations and compared the expected spatial distribution and variation in the dynamical parameters along the orbit with those of our potential member sample. Furthermore, we used Dark Energy Camera (DECam) photometry to inspect the distribution of the member stars in the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD). We find that potential members agree reasonably with the N-body simulations, and that the majority follow a simple stellar population distribution in the CMD, which is characteristic of GCs. We link the extra-tidal features with their orbital properties and find that the presence of the tails agrees well with the theory of stellar stream formation through tidal disruption. In the case of NGC 1904, we clearly detect the tidal debris escaping the inner and outer Lagrange points, which are expected to be prominent when at or close to the apocentre of its orbit. Our analysis allows for further exploration of other GCs in the Milky Way that exhibit similar extra-tidal features.
Strategic Management of Anterior Skull Base Schwannomas and Their Outcomes
Authors: Chithambaram Kalyana Sundaram , Keshri Amit , Manogaran Ravi Sankar , Bhuskute Govind , Muraleedharan Manjul , Hameed Nazrin , Aqib Mohd , Das Nidhin , Sinha Mohit
Published: December 2024

Objective Endoscopic endonasal approach has revolutionized the surgery of benign nose and paranasal sinus tumors. In this study we describe our experience with this approach for schwannomas of anterior skull base which are extremely rare, vascular tumors of this region. We also discuss the strategic management and their outcomes to enlighten the existing literature.

Design Ambispective study.

Setting and Participants A total of eight cases of anterior skull base schwannoma were included. These cases were operated between 2018 and 2023 at a tertiary institute. Institutional ethical committee approval was obtained.

Main Outcomes Measured Medical records were obtained, and perioperative details (intraoperative findings, imaging findings, complications) were noted. Postoperative follow-up was done to note the outcomes of the patient.

Results There were five male and three female patients. All patients were between 20 and 40 years of age. All patients underwent contrast CT as well as MRI preoperatively. Most common symptoms in our series were nasal obstruction and intermittent epistaxis. The various sites involved were ethmoid labyrinth, maxillary sinus, septum, and olfactory fossa. All the cases were operated endoscopically.

Conclusion Endoscopic approach can be utilized in almost all cases of benign anterior skull base tumors with superior postoperative outcomes. Although there is a steep learning curve, use of subtle modifications of this technique help achieve better results. At the same time, it is imperative to understand that the surgeon should also be well versed with open approaches to help navigate difficult cases.
On-site ERCP availability and cholangitis outcomes: Retrospective cohort study
Authors: Khan Rishad , Marchena-Romero Kayley-Jasmin , Ismail Marwa F. , Roberts Surain B. , Gimpaya Nikko , Scaffidi Michael A. , Sabrie Nasruddin , Khalaf Kareem , Mosko Jeffrey , James Paul , Forbes Nauzer , Razak Fahad , Verma Amol A. , Grover Samir C.
Published: December 2024

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is important in acute cholangitis (AC) management but is not available at all hospitals. The association between on-site ERCP availability and cholangitis outcomes is unknown.

We included adults diagnosed with AC at 27 hospitals in Ontario through the GEMINI network. We collected data on demographics, clinical and laboratory values, and interventions. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were length of stay, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, readmission rates, and requirement for percutaneous or surgical decompression. We used multivariable regression analyses to assess the impact of on-site ERCP availability on the primary and secondary outcomes with adjustment for relevant variables.

Our cohort included 4492 patients with a median age of 75. Patients at ERCP sites had higher unadjusted rates of undergoing ERCP (55.7% at ERCP sites, 40.8% at non-ERCP sites). Patients at ERCP sites compared with non-ERCP sites did not have significantly different in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86–5.55). Compared with non-ERCP sites, patients at ERCP sites with underlying stricturing biliary disease or pancreaticobiliary malignancy (aOR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.14–13.58) or severe cholangitis (aOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.17–4.02) had higher odds of in-hospital mortality. In a post-hoc propensity score-based analysis, there was no significant difference between patients at ERCP sites compared with those at non-ERCP sites for in-hospital mortality.

Patients at ERCP sites compared with non-ERCP sites did not have significantly different mortality. Subgroups of patients with underlying stricturing biliary disease or pancreaticobiliary malignancy and severe cholangitis, who have higher mortality at ERCP sites, warrant further study.
Hamartomas and Choristomas of the Oral Cavity: A New Perspective
Authors: Alkhames Hussain M. , Subramanyam R. Venkata
Published: December 2024

Hamartomas and choristomas are malformations that often manifest at birth, usually seen as a discrete, localized mass or as multiple masses that resemble a neoplasm, but not a true neoplasm with the exception in choristomas that the cells and tissues are not normally found at that location. Clear etiology and pathogenesis are not found. In addition, the distinguishing features of these masses are not certain. It is essential to differentiate between hamartomas, choristomas, and other oral cavity masses in order to provide proper management. In this study, a new perspective is provided for hamartomas and choristomas of the oral cavity.
What Is the Suitable Wide Cage Size for Stand-alone LLIF in Asian Population: A Computed Tomography Scan–Based Study of a Dimension of Lumbar Endplate
Authors: Pluemvitayaporn Tinnakorn , Tadee Sahapap , Kunakornsawat Sombat , Surapuchong Suttinont , Ratanakoosakul Warot , Tiracharnvut Kijapat , Pruttikul Pritsanai , Piyasakulkaew Chaiwat , Kittithamvongs Piyabuth
Published: December 2024

Objective The objective of this study is to establish a precise database detailing the width of vertebral endplates, the depth of vertebral endplates (anterior–posterior [A-P] width), and the height of intervertebral discs within the lumbar spine of the Asian population.

Materials and Methods The stand-alone lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) procedure is increasingly popular for minimally invasive spine surgery and has demonstrated effectiveness in treating various spinal pathologies. Previous studies have indicated that the use of a 26-mm wide cage in stand-alone LLIF can significantly decrease the incidence of cage subsidence. However, most of these studies were conducted on the Caucasian population, which has a larger anatomical structure compared with the Asian population. Consequently, the appropriate wide cage size suitable for stand-alone LLIF in the Asian population has not been previously explored. Ninety-one computed tomography (CT) images were obtained from patients who presented with back pain and had negative imaging results between 2017 and 2021. These images were analyzed using the Picture Archiving Communication System to assess the vertebral body's topography. The analysis involved measuring the vertebral endplate width, vertebral endplate depth (A-P width), and intervertebral disc height.

Results The findings of this study reveal that there is a noticeable increase in the overall width, depth, and intervertebral disc height of the lumbar vertebrae from the upper to the lower regions. Additionally, the morphometric attributes of the lumbar vertebrae observed in this study closely resemble those of Caucasian subjects.

Conclusion The morphometric measurements of the lumbar vertebrae in the Asian population closely resemble those of Caucasian subjects. As a result, it is suggested that a 26-mm wide cage may be a suitable option for stand-alone LLIF in the Asian population.
Pedicle Morphology Analysis in Adolescents with Lenke Type 5 Idiopathic Scoliosis in Thai Population
Authors: Pluemvitayaporn Tinnakorn , Kaewmano Tassana , Kunakornsawat Sombat , Surapuchong Suttinont , Ratanakoosakul Warot , Tiracharnvut Kitjapat , Pruttikul Pritsanai , Piyasakulkaew Chaiwat , Kittithamvongs Piyabuth
Published: December 2024

Background The surgical management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) often incorporates the utilization of pedicle screws, which are three-column construct devices. A comprehensive understanding of the pedicle morphology is essential for determining the appropriate pedicle screw diameter. While previous studies have examined pedicle morphology in Lenke type 1 AIS, there is a scarcity of information about the pedicle morphology in Lenke type 5 AIS, especially in the Thai population.

Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the morphology of the thoracolumbar pedicle, specifically the pedicle width and trajectory length on both the concave and convex sides within a sample of the Thai population diagnosed with Lenke type 5 AIS.

Materials and Methods In this study, we used computed tomography (CT) measurements to examine the thoracolumbar pedicle morphology in Lenke type 5 AIS patients in the Thai population. We also analyzed the pedicle width and trajectory length on both concave and convex sides in 112 AIS patients with Lenke type 5 curvature.

Results A total of 3,808 pedicles from 112 consecutive AIS patients of Lenke type 5 were enrolled in the study. It was observed that the transverse pedicle width was notably smaller on the concave side compared with the convex side in the apical region of the thoracolumbar spine (T12 to L2). Additionally, the pedicle width of T3 was also found to be significantly smaller on the concave side. Moreover, it was noted that the pedicle trajectory length is significantly longer on the concave side, indicating that the concave side in the apical region may have the capacity to accommodate a slightly longer pedicle screw at T3, T6, L2, L3, and L4.

Conclusion Our analysis of measurements indicates that the thoracolumbar pedicle morphology in Lenke type 5 AIS among the Thai population typically shows smaller widths and longer trajectory lengths on the concave side. This information enhances our understanding of the appropriate selection of pedicle screw diameter and length for treating Lenke type 5 AIS in the Thai population.
A summer bridge program for first-generation low-income students stretches academic ambitions with no adverse impacts on first-year GPA
Authors: Johnson Rebecca A. , Simko Tyler , Imai Kosuke
Published: December 2024

A large body of research documents the barriers faced by first-generation, low-income (FGLI) students as “hidden minorities” on elite college campuses. Although existing studies show brief psychological interventions can help mitigate some of these obstacles, universities are investing in more intensive interventions that try to both shift mindsets and mitigate structural disadvantages in FGLI students’ academic preparation. In collaboration with the administrators at a highly selective university, we conducted a randomized controlled trial of a summer bridge program targeted at FGLI students. During summers between 2017 and 2019, we randomly selected 232 out of 418 first-generation or low-income students and invited them to attend an intensive, six-week-long residential summer program featuring courses for academic credit. Students randomized to the control group either interacted with online content offering no academic credit or had no summer intervention. Our preregistered analysis shows that the program encouraged FGLI students to pursue a more ambitious first-year program, increasing the proportion of nonintroductory courses by 7 percentage points. The program also increased the proportion of courses taken for a grade rather than as pass-fail by 6 percentage points. These improvements were accompanied by no discernible impact on first-year grade point averages (GPAs) and academic withdrawal. The findings show the potential to academically integrate FGLI students into selective university communities.
An innovative strategy for radical-mediated, bidirectional controlled disulfide exchange
Authors: Li Bohan , Zhang Zhenguo , Tio Raymond , Li Jinling , Loh Teck-Peng
Published: December 2024

Metathesis reactions that operate cleanly and reversibly under biocompatible conditions are crucial in diverse fields such as drug development, chemical biology, and dynamic combinatorial chemistry. This paper introduces an innovative strategy using the commercially available and cost-effective hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodobenzene (HTIB) as a radical initiator, enabling clean and bidirectional disulfide metathesis under biocompatible conditions. Our method facilitates efficient forward reactions by utilizing an excess of one disulfide to shift the equilibrium toward unsymmetrical disulfides, while also ensuring clean reverse reactions by the removal of low boiling point dimethyl disulfide. Furthermore, an alternative intramolecular approach using a cyclic five- or eight-membered disulfide avoids the need for an excess of one disulfide, effectively yielding unsymmetrical disulfide molecules. The radical mechanism of this approach, validated through various control experiments and EPR analysis, enables selective and biocompatible modifications of carbohydrates, drugs, native amino acids, and proteins. This study represents a notable advancement in organic chemistry, with significant implications for biomedical sciences, especially in areas that require precise and gentle biomolecular manipulations, such as protein engineering and therapeutic development.
“Stay safe!” — A wish, advice, or an order?
Authors: Ogiermann Eva
Published: December 2024

This paper offers a diachronic analysis focussing on the different uses and forms that the expression stay
safe acquired throughout the Covid-19 pandemic. It makes an original contribution to the study of historical
pragmatics by drawing on data traditionally examined in the field of linguistic landscape studies and produced during a global
health crisis, resulting in an innovative, real-time study of pragmatic change in progress.

Drawing on a corpus of 3,032 public signs photographed in London between March 2020 and December 2021, the paper
shows how the expression stay safe was used as a wish and a parting formula in the early stages of the pandemic,
and then reverted to a directive function on signs implementing containment measures, illustrating a trend opposed to that
typically found in historical pragmatics. It also discusses the variability characterising the data, and the ambiguity of the
expressions that are analysed, typical of ongoing pragmatic change.
Halliday, Critical Discourse Analysis and ideology
Authors: Lukin Annabelle
Published: December 2024

While Halliday’s work has been a source of inspiration to the fields of Critical Linguistics and Critical
Discourse Analysis, Halliday has never been embraced by either school. This paper reviews the engagement of CL and CDA with
Halliday, examining what ideas were borrowed, and what was either rejected or modified beyond recognition. It then examines how
and why the key working assumptions in Halliday’s framework — in particular, metafunction, realisation and instantiation — are
essential to understanding the empiric, ideological power of language. As humanity heads deeper into its greatest crisis and
challenge, a clear-sighted understanding of the power of language is more important than ever. Halliday’s attention to
understanding language as a sociological phenomenon makes his theory ideal for linguistic projects trying to deconstruct and
understand the force of the most consequential ideologies in human societies.
The function of Theme in Spanish
Authors: Moyano Estela Ines
Published: December 2024

The main objective of this paper is to outline the system of theme in Spanish starting from its realisation in texts (Martin 2013). In order to do this, Halliday’s definition of Theme is revised and the distinction he proposes between the definition of a function and its means of realisation is followed (Halliday 1985, 1994). Then, a brief corpus of text instantiating different genres is analysed, considering different options of mood in the clause. The perspective assumed is language typology in systemic functional linguistics (Martin 1983; Caffarel et al. 2004a; Quiroz 2013; Martin et al. 2023), which highlights the peculiar characteristics of the language at stake based on patterns found in actual discourse and observes the phenomenon under study from above, from around and from below (Matthiessen and Halliday 2009).
Continuum theory of electrostatic-elastic coupling interactions in colloidal crystals
Authors: Wu Hao , Ou-Yang Zhong-Can , Podgornik Rudolf
Published: December 2024

A mobile Coulomb gas permeating a fixed background crystalline lattice of charged colloidal crystals is subject to an electrostatic-elastic coupling, which we study on the continuum level by introducing a minimal coupling between electrostatic and displacement fields. We derive linearized, Debye–Hückel-like mean-field equations that can be analytically solved, incorporating the minimal coupling between electrostatic and displacement fields leading to an additional effective attractive interaction between mobile charges that depends in general on the strength of the coupling between the electrostatic and displacement fields. By analyzing the Gaussian fluctuations around the mean-field solution we also identify and quantify the region of its stability in terms of the electrostatic-elastic screening length. This detailed continuum theory incorporating the standard lattice elasticity and electrostatics of mobile charges provides a baseline to investigate the electrostatic-elastic coupling for microscopic models in colloid science and materials science.
Coupled channel analysis of neutron transfer in 6,7Li-induced reactions around the Coulomb barrier
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Kumar Rishabh , MAITI MOUMITA
Published: December 2024

The coupled reaction channel approach has proven to be quite effective in explaining the mechanism of nucleon transfer in heavy-ion reactions. Nevertheless, significant ambiguities remain regarding the selection of potential parameters and the states of the nuclei that should be coupled together for a specific reaction channel. Using the coupled reaction channel formalism, we have analyzed the excitation functions for one- and two-neutron transfer in 6,7Li-induced reactions on various targets. Spectroscopic amplitudes are taken from existing literature and shell model calculations. The one-neutron transfer cross sections from 6Li+93Nb and 7Li+115In reactions are reasonably well reproduced by coupled reaction channel calculations. A reasonable match for the measured cross sections was obtained for the two-neutron transfer in 7Li+181Ta reaction by employing the extreme cluster model.
R&D of the cluster finding algorithm for CMS iRPC detector
Authors: Hou Q. , Liu Z.-A. , Zhao J. , Diao W. , Song J. , Cao P. , Kou H. , Gong W. , Wang N. , Mota Amarilo K. , Samalan A. , Skovpen K. , Tytgat M. , Alves G. , Coelho E.A. , Marujo F. , Barroso Ferreira Filho M. , Da Costa E.M. , De Jesus Damiao D. , Ferreira B.C. , Fonseca De Souza S. , Gomes De Souza R. , Mundim L. , Nogima H. , Pinheiro J.P. , Santoro A. , Thiel M. , Aleksandrov A. , Hadjiiska R. , Iaydjiev P. , Shopova M. , Soultanov G. , Dimitrov A. , Litov L. , Pavlov B. , Petkov P. , Petrov A. , Shumka E. , Qian S.J. , Avila C. , Barbosa D. , Cabrera A. , Florez A. , Reyes Vega J. , Assran Y. , Crotty I. , Mahmoud M.A. , Aly R. , Balleyguier L. , Chen X. , Combaret C. , Galbit G. , Gouzevitch M. , Grenier G. , Laktineh I. , Luciol A. , Mirabito L. , Tromeur W. , Bagaturia I. , Kemularia O. , Lomidze I. , Tsamalaidze Z. , Amoozegar V. , Boghrati B. , Ebrahimi M. , Esafndi F. , Hosseini Y. , Mohammadi Najafabadi M. , Zareian E. , Abbrescia M. , De Filippis N. , Iaselli G. , Loddo F. , Pugliese G. , Ramos D. , Benussi L. , Bianco S. , Meola S. , Piccolo D. , Buontempo S. , Carnevali F. , Lista L. , Paolucci P. , Braghieri A. , Salvini P. , Montagna P. , Riccardi C. , Vitulo P. , Asilar E. , Kim T.J. , Ryou Y. , Choi S.Y. , Hong B. , Lee K.S. , Goh J. , Lee Y. , Pedraza I. , Uribe Estrada C. , Castilla-Valdez H. , Fernandez R.L. , Sanchez-Hernandez A. , Ramirez-Garcia M. , Ramirez Guadarrama D.L. , Shah M.A. , Vazquez E. , Zaganidis N. , Radi A. , Ahmad A. , Asghar I. , Hoorani H. , Muhammad S. , Eysermans J. ,   the CMS Muon Group
Published: December 2024

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment will undergo phase-II upgrade to enhance the capacity of detectors in the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider era. An important extension involves the installation of the Improved Resistive Plate Chambers (iRPC) in the most forward part of the endcap muon system. The iRPC detector addresses the efficiency drop experienced by the current CMS trigger system for single muon triggers in the high pseudorapidity region. It features a double-ended read-out method, allowing the determination of the hit position along the strip using the time difference between signals from both ends. This feature provides precise spatial information for clustering. To utilize this feature and integrate iRPC cluster information into the CMS trigger system, this paper proposes a 2-Dimensional (2D) cluster-finding algorithm. This algorithm provides the 2D coordinates to CMS trigger system, with each cluster being timestamped to reduce time ambiguity in endcap trajectory reconstruction. The proposed algorithm was implemented in the firmware of the iRPC Back-End Electronics and evaluated using a dedicated cosmic muon setup. The results show a position precision of 2.55 cm and an algorithm efficiency better than 99%, demonstrating the algorithm's potential to improve muon detection and trigger efficiency in the CMS endcap region.
Nanoliposome functionalized colloidal GelMA inks for 3D printing of scaffolds with multiscale porosity
Authors: Omidvari Elaheh , Samandari Mohamadmahdi , Ghanbariamin Delaram , Lara Evelyn Mollocana , Quint Jacob , Saeedinejad Farnoosh , Bouizi Younes , Bouguet-Bonnet Sabine , Elkhoury Kamil , Sanchez-Gonzalez Laura , Chen Yupeng , Kahn Cyril , Tamayol Ali , Arab-Tehrany Elmira
Published: December 2024

Bioprinting has enabled the creation of intricate scaffolds that replicate the physical, chemical, and structural characteristics of natural tissues. Recently, hydrogels have been used to fabricate such scaffolds for several biomedical applications and tissue engineering. However, the small pore size of conventional hydrogels impedes cellular migration into and remodeling of scaffolds, diminishing their regenerative potential. Porous scaffolds have been utilized for their improved diffusion of nutrients, dissolved oxygen, and waste products. However, traditional methods of generating porous structures require multiple processing steps, making them incompatible with bioprinting. Recently, we developed a method to generate multi-scale porous structures by foaming hydrogel precursors prior to printing to form colloidal bioinks. Here, to further improve the biological, mechanical, and physical properties, we functionalize colloidal bioinks with nanoliposomes (NLs), one of the most promising methods for bioactive delivery. We assess the impact of the concentration of NL on the characteristics of bioinks made from gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) and their resulting scaffolds. Anionic liposomes made from rapeseed lecithin of 110 nm were synthesized and found to be stable over several weeks. Increasing concentrations of NL decreased the zeta potential and increased the viscosity of foamed bioinks, improving their rheological properties for printing. Furthermore, the incorporation of NL allowed for precise adjustment of the macropore size and bulk mechanical properties without any chemical interaction or impact on photocrosslinking. The nanofunctionalized foam bioinks, composed exclusively of natural components, demonstrated significant antioxidant activity and were printed into multilayered scaffolds with high printability. The foam-embedded NL showed remarkable biocompatibility with myoblasts, and cell-laden bioinks were able to be successfully bioprinted. Due to their high biocompatibility, tunable mechanical properties, printability, and antioxidant behavior, the nanofunctionalized porous scaffolds have promise for a variety of biomedical applications, including those that require precise delivery of therapeutic substances and tissue engineering.
Synthesis of polyaniline nanomaterials for an effective supercapacitor applications
Authors: Ayalew Melese Yalew , Bekele Endrias Adane , Melak Fekadu , Wangatia Lodrick Monieko , Femi Olu Emmanuel , Wubieneh Tessera Alemneh , Assegie Addisu Alemayehu , Ashebir Getinet Yenealem , Ayele Delele Worku , Worku Ababay Ketema , Teshager Minbale Admas , Alemu Tadele Ageru , Negedu Solomon Demiss
Published: December 2024

Polyaniline-based materials have been widely used for supercapacitors due to their outstanding properties, such as high specific capacitance, excellent electrochemical properties, and ease of synthesis methods; however, the short-cycle stability of PANI-based supercapacitors and swelling and shrinking of polymeric structures limit their commercialization. Herein, we synthesized polyaniline (PANI) nanomaterials, which meet high specific capacitance through the chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline with ammonium persulfate (APS) in aqueous salicylic acid. The electrode materials were characterized using UV–vis, TGA, SEM, XRD, BAS-50 W potentiostat, and FTIR instrumentations. The electrical conductivity of the prepared materials was analyzed and found to be relatively high. The electrochemical supercapacitance performance of PANI nanomaterials was characterized using cyclic voltammetry. The polyaniline nanomaterials with a [salicylic acid]/[aniline] molar ratio of 0.8 showed a maximum specific capacitance of 688.5 Fg-1 at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1. Polyaniline nanomaterials were found to exhibit better specific capacitance when compared to bulk polyanilines. Thus, PANI nanomaterials have been found to be a promising alternative for supercapacitor applications.
Stochastic memristive devices for low cost learning of spatiotemporal signals in spiking neural networks
Authors: Fida Aabid Amin , Mittal Sparsh
Published: December 2024

Resistive switching devices are an excellent candidate for dedicated neural network hardware. They offer extremely low-power in-memory computing substrates for edge computing tasks like health monitoring. But, the imprecise and random conductance changes in these devices make deploying neural networks on such hardware significantly challenging. In this regard, biological random networks, known as liquid state machines (LSM), can be helpful. Using them as inspiration we can utilize the imprecise nature of the switching process for a low-cost training approach to learning in spiking recurrent neural networks. We rely on the inherent non-determinism associated with the conductance states in memristive devices to initialize the random weight matrices within a memristive LSM. We also utilize the randomness of the resistive states to introduce heterogeneity in the neuron parameters. The significance of the proposed approach is evaluated using arrhythmia and seizure detection edge computing tasks. For classification tasks using two datasets, our approach reduces the number of computational operations in the backward pass by factors of up to 66 ×  for the MIT-BIH arrhythmia dataset and 74 ×  for the CHB-MIT epileptic seizure dataset. The heterogeneity improves the network performance. We also show that our approach is resilient to write noise in memristive devices.
Whittaker spaces for reducible unitary principal series representations of ̃𝑆𝐿₂(𝐹)
Authors: Szpruch Dani
Published: December 2024

Let

F
F

be a

p
p

-adic field containing the full group of

n

t
h

n^{th}

roots of 1 and let

G

~

\widetilde {{G}}

be the

n
n

-fold cover of

S

L
2

(
F
)

SL_2(F)

constructed by Kubota [On automorphic functions and the reciprocity law in a number field, Kyoto University, Tokyo, 1969]. In this paper we compute the dimension of the space of Whittaker functionals of the two irreducible summands inside a reducible unitary genuine principal series representation of

G

~

\widetilde {{G}}

. We also show how these dimensions change when the Whittaker character is modified. As an application we determine the action of the twisted Kazhdan-Patterson

n
n

-fold cover of

G

L
2

(
F
)

GL_2(F)

on the two summands. We emphasize that our main results address both ramified and unramified representations and do not rely on the assumption that the cover is tame.
Fraïssé’s conjecture, partial impredicativity and well-ordering principles, part I
Authors: Freund Anton
Published: December 2024

Fraïssé’s conjecture (proved by Laver) is implied by the 

Π
1
1

\Pi ^1_1

-comprehension axiom of reverse mathematics, as shown by Montalbán. The implication must be strict for reasons of quantifier complexity, but it seems that no better bound has been known. We locate such a bound in a hierarchy of Suzuki and Yokoyama, which extends Towsner’s framework of partial impredicativity. Specifically, we show that Fraïssé’s conjecture is implied by a principle of pseudo

Π
1
1

\Pi ^1_1

-comprehension. As part of the proof, we introduce a cofinite version of the

Δ
2
0

\Delta ^0_2

-Ramsey theorem, which may be of independent interest. We also relate pseudo

Π
1
1

\Pi ^1_1

-comprehension to principles of pseudo

β
\beta

-model reflection (due to Suzuki and Yokoyama) and reflection for

ω
\omega

-models of transfinite induction (studied by Rathjen and Valencia-Vizcaíno). In a forthcoming companion paper, we characterize pseudo

Π
1
1

\Pi ^1_1

-comprehension by a well-ordering principle, to get a transparent combinatorial bound for the strength of Fraïssé’s conjecture.
Different metrics in the problem of ideals for the algebra 𝐻^{∞}
Authors: Kislyakov S. , Skvortsov A. A.
Published: December 2024

Starting with the 1970s, significant attention has been paid to estimates of solutions of equations arising in the corona theorem and the associated so-called ideal problem. Naturally, the question emerged about the metrics in which such estimates should be sought. In the case of the corona theorem, the answer to this question is known: it is practically always possible to pass from estimates in one reasonable metric to estimates in any other. In this article, something similar is proved for the ideal problem. It should be noted that in the case of the ideal problem, formulations themselves with different metrics are not always obvious.

The article concludes with several applications to the operator corona theorem and ideal problem.

The proofs of the main results heavily rely on fixed point theorems.
Continuous metrics and a conjecture of Schoen
Authors: Lee Man-Chun , Tam Luen-Fai
Published: December 2024

A classical theorem in conformal geometry states that on a compact manifold with nonpositive Yamabe invariant

σ
0

\sigma _0

, a smooth metric achieving the invariant must be Einstein. In this work, we extend it to the singular case and show that in all dimensions, if a continuous metric is smooth outside a compact set

Σ
\Sigma

of co-dimension

2
+
a

2+a

for some

a
>
0

a>0

with unit volume and with scalar curvature bounded below by

σ
0

\sigma _0

, then the metric is Einstein away from

Σ
\Sigma

and is isometric to a smooth Einstein manifold of scalar curvature

σ
0

\sigma _0

. In this sense, singular metric can be extended to be smooth on the manifold in a suitable sense. This is related to a conjecture of Schoen in the continuous setting. As an application of the method, we prove a positive mass theorem for asymptotically flat manifolds with analogous singularities. This is based on a new maximum principle on Ricci-DeTurck flows which allow initial data to be singular.
Linking phenology, harvest index, and genetics to improve chickpea grain yield
Authors: Gimenez Raul , Lake Lachlan , Cossani Cesar Mariano , Ortega Martinez Raul , Hayes Julie E , Dreccer Maria Fernanda , French Robert , Weller James L , Sadras Victor O
Published: December 2024

Understanding phenology and its regulation is central for the agronomic adaptation of chickpea. We grew 24 chickpea (Cicer arietinum) genotypes in 12 environments to analyse the environmental and genotypic drivers of phenology, associations between phenology and yield, and phenotypes associated with allelic variants of three flowering related candidate loci: CaELF3a, a cluster of three FT genes on chromosome 3, and an orthologue of the floral promoter GIGANTEA on chromosome 4. A simple model with three genotype-specific parameters explained the differences in flowering response to daylength. Environmental factors causing flower abortion, such as low temperature and radiation and high humidity, led to a longer flowering-to-podding interval. Late podding associated with poor partition to grain, limiting yield in favourable environments. The genotype Sonali, carrying the early allele of Caelf3a (elf3a), was generally the earliest to set pod and had low biomass but the highest harvest index. Genotypes combining the early variants of GIGANTEA and FT orthologues featured early reproduction and high harvest index, returning high yield in favourable environments. Our results emphasize the importance of pod set, rather than flowering, as a target for breeding, agronomic, and modelling applications.
Local control and bogomolov multipliers of finite groups
Authors: Moravec Primož
Published: December 2024

We show that if a Sylow p-subgroup of a finite group G is nilpotent of class at most p, then the p-part of the Bogomolov multiplier of G is locally controlled.
Precision medicine and choosing a biologic in asthma: understanding the current state of knowledge for predictors of response and clinical remission
Authors: Balasubramanyam Sadhana , George Elizabeth K. , Wang Eileen
Published: December 2024

Purpose of review

We review updated key literature on comparative meta-analyses and real-world effectiveness of asthma biologics, with a focus on predictors of response and clinical remission while highlighting ongoing knowledge gaps. We aim to provide insight into the many factors to consider when choosing a biologic to treat uncontrolled moderate to severe asthma.

Recent findings

Predictors of response included higher type 2 (T2) biomarkers, shorter duration of asthma, and presence of key T2-related comorbidities. There were outcome-related variations in predictors. Predictors of clinical remission included better controlled asthma, better lung function, and higher T2 biomarkers. Few real-world studies included those treated with tezepelumab, a clear knowledge gap.

Asthma biologics demonstrate clear real-world effectiveness. There have been significant strides in better understanding predictors of response or clinical remission to guide management, yet ongoing knowledge gaps and the heterogeneity of asthma preclude a simple algorithmic approach. Our tools for precision medicine include consideration of clinical phenotypes and shared decision making while striving to achieve clinical remission in all our patients with asthma.