bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
International Cooperation in the Fight against Tax Evasion
Authors: Vybíral Roman
Published: September 2021

As regards the fight against tax evasion individual states do not act isolated, on the contrary the key role is being played by international organisations. Because of the wide fiscal sovereignty of states such cooperation takes many forms and outputs. On the one hand, this article aims to identify areas within which the fight against tax evasion occurs. Furthermore, it aims to analyse the development and current status of important international organisations that fight against tax evasion and to present their selected outputs.
The Influence of EU Law on Public Administration in New Member States
Authors: Jakab Radomír
Published: September 2021

The membership of Central and Eastern European countries in the European Union has influenced the development of almost all branches of law, including administrative law. The paper analyses the influence of European Union law on the fundamental object of interest of administrative law within new member states – on public administration and its laws. In this context, the influence on laws governing the organisation of public administration, laws governing the activities and tasks of public administration as well as laws governing processes in public administration will be assessed.
Disinformation as a Tool Aimed at Weakening Consolidated Democracies
Authors: Kozłowski Artur , Skelnik Klaudia
Published: September 2021

This scholarly article indicates threats to the stability of political systems of consolidated democracies resulting from disinformation. The article presents threats resulting from the effects of disinformation in four areas: state, society, politics and law. The authors demonstrate the exposure of society to manipulative effects of fake news, which affects  human emotions, reasoning and behaviour due to the use of created images of reality. It has been pointed out that fake news as a targeted manipulation tool, while aiming to achieve its goals, exploits the imperfections of the human mind. For this reason, the individual and thus the society need support to protect themselves from the manipulative threat coming from this phenomenon. Protection from fake news must be provided with the respect of freedom of expression, the values of society, the individuals’ liberties as well as legal rights. Disinformation is not a new phenomenon in itself, but the development of the Internet and social media allows for an unprecedented scale of social manipulation. The article also indicates that disinformation is often directed at civil liberties and destabilises the principles of social life and citizens’ trust in public institutions, authorities or the media, regardless of whether its source is third countries or it is “produced” internally. In a democratic state a citizen should be able to make informed decisions and independently assess whether the information encountered in the social media is true or false.
Consequences of Microwave oven Exposed Diet on The Basal Lamina of Seminiferous Tubules of Mice
Authors: Naheed Kishwar , Abdullah Muhammad Saad , Yousaf Maria , Ali Humaira , Mushtaq Fareeha , Ali Madiha , Laique Talha
Published: September 2021

Usage of electronic gadgets like microwave oven is increasing day by day that heats the food by exposing it to electromagnetic radiations which has many hazardous effects on human health including fertility. Aim: To find the effects of microwave oven exposed diet on basal lamina of seminiferous tubules of mice alongwith protective effects of Mentha piperita and melatonin on the same tissue. Study Design: Randomized control trial. Methodology: Adult male mice (n=32) were divided into four groups. Control group (G1) received standard pellets prepared for mice. Second group (G2) was given mice pellets exposed to microwave oven. Third group (G3) received Mentha Piperita leaf extract along with mice pellets exposed to microwave oven and the fourth group (G4) received oral melatonin along with pellets exposed to microwave oven. Later their testicular tissue was removed for histological examination while basal lamina disruption was assessed by scoring. Data analyzed by SPSS 22.0v. Results: In group G2, there was slight disruption in the basal lamina in 75% of the cases while in experimental group G3, there was slight disruption of basal lamina only in 12.5% of the cases. However, in group G4, only 25% specimen had slight disruption of basal lamina Conclusion: It was concluded that microwave oven exposed diet produced severe disruption of basal lamina in group G2 that decreased in Mentha piperita and melatonin treated groups. However, Mentha piperita treated group produced better results than melatonin treated group. Keywords: Mice, Testis, Basal Lamina, Mentha piperita and Melatonin
Study to Assess the Autopsy in Relation with Age and Gender in Tertiary Care Hospital of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Khalid Aisha , Qayyum Sadia Abdul , Tunio Ikram Ahmed , Memon Abdul Majeed , Mal Sono , Aziz Ijaz , Awan Ejaz Ahmed , Samad Abdul
Published: September 2021

Objective: To assess the autopsy in relation with age and gender in tertiary care hospital of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Study Design: Retrospective, observational and non-interventional study Place and Duration of Study: Medicolegal Department of Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hyderabad from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2018. Methodology: Three hundred and eighty-one patients were enrolled. Results: According to cause of death, 88 (23.10%) were died due to road traffic accident, firearm injury 73 (19.16%) and asphaxial death 70 (18.37%), assault 65 (17.06%), poisoning 37 (9.71%), electric shock 30 (7.87%) and undetermined 18 (4.72%) respectively. Conclusion: The relatable factors such as age and gender with the suicidal cases in results of autopsy examination which plays the most relevant role in the medical practices even after the advancement of diagnostic technologies. Key words: Assess, Autopsy, Age, Gender, Tertiary care hospital
Prevalence of Sign and Symptoms of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in Pakistani Population at Sheikhupura, Lahore: A Gender comparison
Authors: Rahim Ashfaq-ur- , Nauman Muhammad , Ali Sadiq , Ihsan Saima , Qayyum Tannaza , Kirmani Urooj
Published: September 2021

Background: Temporomandibular disorders have been considered as a common orofacial pain condition. The term temporomandibular pain dysfunction (TMPD) is used synonymously with myofacial pain dysfunction disorder/syndrome, temporomandibular disorder, craniomandibular disorder and many other terms. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of signs and symptoms of temporo-mandibular joint disorder (TMD). Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faryal Dental College, Sheikhupura , Lahore, Pakistan from 1st February 2019 to 31st May 2021. Methodology: One hundred adolescents aged 15 to 60 years were enrolled. A detailed history about the chief complaint was taken and clinical examination was done. Temporomandibular joint examination performed included Auscultation for temporomandibular joint sounds like clicking and crepitus and palpation of both TMJs and associated muscles for evaluation of pain. Results: The most common signs of temporomandibular joint disorders were temporomandibular joint pain 78%, temporomandibular joint clicking 53% and trismus 29%. The most prevalent predisposing factors of temporomandibular joint disorders were parafunctional habits 40%, unknown factors 23% and history of road traffic accident/history of difficult extractions 9%. Male to female ratio showed female predominance (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders were prevalent in Pakistani population with a clear female predominance. Key words: Temporomandibular disorders, Temporomandibular joint, Orofacial pain, Bruxism, Headache, Pain
To Establish the Cause, Manner and Modalities of Death in Medicolegal Autopsies Performed at Lahore General Hospital
Authors: Zaheen Uzma , Sibtain Fazli Muhammad Anwar , Sarwer Ambreen , Sukheria Khizer Hayat
Published: September 2021

Objectives: To evaluate and compare findings with special reference to mode, manner and cause of different cases of autopsies conducted at Lahore General Hospital during a particular time period. Study Design: Cross sectional. Place and Duration of Study: Autopsy Section of Lahore General Hospital, Lahore 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020. Methodology: Fifty (74% males, 26% females) medicolegal autopsies were collected. The observations recorded in predesigned Performa with an emphasis on age and sex of subjects, type of injuries, identify fatal injuries, and month-wise variation in performing autopsies. Results: 30% of the deaths were found to be due to non-apparent causes of death. Firearm accounted for 12% of the deaths whereas 9% were asphyxial deaths. Majority of the victims belonged to age group 20-30 years (22%). Majority of the cases came on the month of August. Conclusion: In majority of the medicolegal autopsies, male population was involved and caused by Firearm injuries (Homicidal) although number of cases where there was no apparent cause define was also high. Most affected age group was 20-30 years (22%). August and October were the months where majority of the cases came. Keywords: Medicolegal autopsy, Cause, Manner, Modalities
ATRIBUIÇÕES DO ENFERMEIRO NA PREVENÇÃO DO DIABETES GESTACIONAL NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA Á SAÚDE
Authors: Silva de Paula Lima Amanda , De Paula Enimar , Ribeiro Wanderson Alves
Published: September 2021

APS. Os objetivos específicos foram: identificar prevenções do diabetes gestacional e descrever estratégia de cuidado na ótica do enfermeiro para a prevenção da diabetes gestacional. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão integrativa de literatura, de caráter descritivo e de abordagem qualitativa. A busca dos artigos deverá ser realizada nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) – Bireme, apresentado o período de busca entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2021, nas bases de dados: Literatura Lático Americana e do Caribe em Ciência da Saúde (LILACS), Bases de Dados da Enfermagem (BDENF), Biblioteca Eletrônica Cientifica Online (SciELO). Realizou-se a leitura dos resumos e os que apresentavam relevância para subsidiar a discussão do tema foram selecionados e lidos na íntegra. A partir dessa leitura preliminar, foram selecionados 14 artigos que mantinham coerências com os descritores acima apresentados e com os objetivos do estudo. A maioria dos artigos evidenciou que o processo de educação em saúde é uma estratégia do enfermeiro que é fundamental para a prevenção da diabetes mellitus gestacional na atenção primária à saúde.
Integration in the Learning Process
Authors:   „Kozma Trichkov“ High School, Borcheva Neli
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the issue related to the use of the integrated approach and the integrated cross-curricular interaction in education. It focuses on its advantages for conducting a modern learning process, orientation to specific results and practical orientation of training. Issues of e-learning are addressed. Experiences and good practices of innovative schools in the implementation of integrated cross-curricular interaction are shared.
Motivation by Creating a Sense of Belonging
Authors:   “St. st. Cyril and Methodius” Secondary School, Grigorova Bistra
Published: September 2021

The article articulates the solutions of one of the important tasks of the school as a community – the development of the social sense and sense of belonging. Adler's claim that social feeling develops on the basis of several important principles: freedom, mutual respect, responsibility and cooperation, encouragement, equality, is taken as its basis. It gives examples of situations in which the inevitable differences between community members are overcome based on age, position and life experience. The practices shared in the article show that extracurricular activities in which the student is not directly evaluated by the teacher, but together they strive to create a common product related to the well-being and reputation of the community, are an important factor in increasing trust, a sense of belonging and the motivation to succeed.
Competencias investigativas con base en el transhumanismo. revisión sistemática
Authors:   Universidad Central del Ecuador, Mestanza Páez Reina Cleopatra
Published: September 2021

The intended human transformation for transhumanism, would produce individuals more suitable in their capacities, being the objective of the article, presenting a few investigations on transhumanism, from a perception of change and improvement in university contexts for the profile construction of an investigator and encourage teaching performance. The texts that have been analyzed, resulted in the qualitative narrative system revision that seeks to give a general panorama of transhumanism. In conclusion, the relevancy of the investigators formation in academic teaching field allows us to innovate knowledge based on learning objects as a tool for pedagogical improvement, together with the research skills that are built in the actors of the educational task by generating interest towards research. Keywords: competitive investigations, human transformation, education.
Guía metodológica de empoderamiento estudiantil desde la gestión formativa socio-cultural y profesional en la Universidad de Tahoua, Níger
Authors:   Universidad de Tahoua, Moustapha Moussa , Castillo Bustos Marcelo Remigio ,   Universidad Central del Ecuador
Published: September 2021

The debates about the formation of professionals in Africa in general but particularly in Niger are always asking about how to form authentic professionals, competent and engaged with the context that they belong to, in a way that they could be capable to concrete socio cultural and economic affective transformations. At the University of Tahoua after the review of all the different formative programs of education, legal, and economic majors through the observation techniques, surveys and focus groups, are revealed shortcomings related with the student's capacity to ideal with the researches that allow the cultural transformations, in function of the contextual necessities. Since there this project exposes the methodological guide to boost the search capacities of all the students from the university, the guide of the application allowed to the investigated people to confront the problems previously mentioned in order to propose viable and affective solutions. The results show significant advances in the professional job and in their rooted relationship to the membership context. Keywords : Professional empowerment, identity, sociocultural, methodological guide, development and contextual transformation.
Clima organizacional, bienestar laboral y work engagement en una empresa de paqueteria
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Gómez Sánchez Rogelio Vicente , Pando Moreno Manuel ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Valadez Figueroa Isabel de la Asunción ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Rubio Ávila Sandra Margarita ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, Aranda Beltrán Carolina ,   Universidad de Guadalajara, León Cortes Silvia Graciela ,   Universidad de Guadalajara
Published: September 2021

The present study is aimed at determining the relationship between the organizational climate with work well-being and work commitment, quantitative, cross-sectional study and simple random sampling n = 72, a confidence level of 90% and a margin of error of 5 % of workers in a parcel delivery company. They are found in the descriptive analysis of the dimensions of the organizational climate (autotomy, trust and support). while workers reported a medium level of work welfare; Regarding the Work Commitment, high levels are identified in its dimensions. From the inferential analysis, moderate and positive correlations were found in equity and labor welfare and; autonomy with Work Engagement. It is concluded that an adequate organizational climate is positively related to the research variables. Keywords: job satisfaction, organizational climate, well-being at work.
EVALUATION OF DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS IN HOSPITALISED GERIATRIC PATIENTS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
Authors: Suthar Jalpa , Tandel Avni , Patel Varsha ,   Dept. of Clinical Pharmacy, Ramanbhai Patel College of Pharmacy, Charotar University of science and Technology, Changa - 388 421, Gujarat, India,   Concept Clinical Services, Surat - 394 515, Gujarat, India,   Dr. M.K. Shah Medical College & Research Centre, Ahmedabad - 380 006, Gujarat, India
Published: September 2021

A study was planned to evaluate the prevalence, nature, and severity of drug-drug interactions (DDI) in geriatrics. A prospective observational study was carried out in hospitalized patients. DDIs were evaluated using a medscape drug interaction checker. Data of 300 patients were collected who were followed up for 3 days and analyzed over a period of 7 months. The prevalence rate of DDI was 90.3 %, as 271 out of 300 prescriptions showed drug-drug interaction. Out of 300 patients, 4797 possible DDIs were identified, of which 39 (0.81 %) were contraindicated, 290 (6.04 %) serious drug interactions, 3312 (68.85 %) significant interactions and 1156 (24.09 %) minor interactions. Out of 4797 possible DDIs, 2962 (62.91 %) were pharmacodynamics. 1835 (37.08 %) were pharmacokinetic type. Antihypertensive class of drug showed potential for DDIs. Total 244 (81.33 %) cases were found with potentially inappropriate medicines(PIM). The prevalence of DDIs in geriatric patients was 90.3 %. Poly pharmacy and multiple associated conditions in the elderly were the major contributing factors for DDIs.
NUTRACEUTICALS - AN ILLUSIVE POT OF GOLD AT RAINBOW END?
Authors:   Consultant - Neuro Marketing & Techno Regulatory (Pharma & Nutra)  Chairman – Nutraceutical Committee (IDMA), Sanghavi R K
Published: September 2021

In India we are blessed. We have traditional folk medicines, home remedies, besides herbals, Ayurveda, homeopathy and allopathy options, and now the in-roads made by nutraceuticals. The consumer is spoilt for choices and the healthcare providers are flummoxed by the options. What started off as another alternative option, nutraceuticals is fast becoming accepted as a bridge between 'naturals' and drugs. It would be interesting to historically assess how our forefathers have been undergoing treatment down the ages.
Relevance of Education for Sustainable Development to Zambian High School Geography: A Survey of High Schools in Lusaka City
Authors: Phiri Timothy Kamuzu
Published: September 2021

Geography is one of the subjects offered in all high schools in Zambia. At the time this

study was conducted in the year 2010, five years after the declaration of the Decade

of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) (2005-2014), ESD had not yet been

incorporated at high school level. The study hence sought to determine the aspects

of Geography that were compatible with ESD to ascertain the attitude of high school

pupils towards Geography and determine ways in which the Geography syllabus

could be improved vis-à-vis the need for pupils to be empowered to thrive in their

local environments. A descriptive survey research design was used and information

was gathered through group discussions (for the pupils) and questionnaires (for the

pupils and Geography Heads of Section). The study found that ESD could make a

contribution to Geography in the areas of field projects, personal hygiene and health,

sexual education, intergenerational transmission of knowledge, use of indigenous

knowledge and localisation of the Geography syllabus. The study found that though

pupils were interested in Geography as reflected by their general good performance in

examinations, nonetheless negative attitudes existed towards Geography because of

its detachment from pupils’ personal environments, excessive use of teacher-centred

methods and the bulky nature of the Geography syllabus.
Learning to Read in English in Different Environments: A Case of Selected Schools in Lusaka and Mufulira Districts
Authors: Njapau Georginah , Luangala John
Published: September 2021

This study mainly focused on learning to Read in English in Differing Environments. Selected public and private schools in Lusaka and Mufulira urban districts in Zambia were targeted, with a population of all Grade 3 learners, totaling 150. Reading tests, semi-guided interviews, focus group discussions and a check list for lesson observation were done. A qualitative approach was used to probe and to get deep insights of how reading in English was taught. The qualitative data was analysed through the identification of teachers' common themes, descriptions and experiences. Conclusions were reached and analysed with reference to the research questions. Quantitative data was analysed using a t-test to compare the reading levels between learners in public basic and private schools. The findings indicate that learners in private schools have a conducive environment for learning how to read in English. The study found that public basic schools do not use the recommended PRP. Public schools did not have enough teaching and learning materials. It was established that learners in public schools did not read according to their reading levels while learners in private schools did that effectively. The recommendations were that the Ministry of Education needed to provide enough equipment and materials, and train teachers appropriately as well as early out regular inspection exercises. In the same way, it was incumbent on the school authorities to cooperate with parents.
Developing an Areal View of Intonation in Eastern Bantu
Authors: Kula Nancy C.
Published: September 2021

This paper is an initial attempt at trying to synthesise the state-of-art in the study on intonation in Bantu languages. The goal is to specifically investigate what central features emerge in the comparison of four Bantu languages to allow us to formulate a hypothesis on areal features and variation in Eastern Bantu languages. The base language used for the comparison is Bemba, for which details of local intonational effects such as final lowering in utterances, as well as global effects, such as pitch range expansion in questions, are provided. These same questions are compared and contrasted with findings in the literature on Chichewa, Tumbuka and Shingazidja. The results show that there are a number of areas of symmetry and areas of contrast, which allow us to begin to define features where we can expect parametric variation in Eastern Bantu languages.
An Exploratory Study of Language Use and Preferences among Nursing Lecturers and Students at Mzuzu University in Malawi
Authors: Hara Agness C C
Published: September 2021

This article reports on the insights gained from multilingual nursing

lecturers and students at Mzuzu University in Malawi on the languages

they use and prefer in a classroom setting. Research (Setati, Chitera and

Essien, 2009; Chowdhury 2012) has found that both lecturers and students

in multilingual and multicultural settings favour code-switching practices

in the classroom setting. Code-switching is, therefore, an important

phenomenon, which researchers should continue exploring because of

the several distinctive attributes associated with it. The study adheres to

qualitative and quantitative designs through the use of a questionnaire

and follow-up interviews as methods of data collection. The results reveal

that both lecturers and students favour code-switching from English to

Chichewa during lectures. From both lecturers’ and students’ perspectives,

code-switching helps to translate and clarify difficult concepts. It also

helps to prepare students for the nursing profession. The study has some

practical and pedagogical implications. On the one hand, it contributes

some meaningful insights for language planners and policy-makers; on

the other hand, the study sheds important light on the need to include the

workplace dimension during language in education and language planning

conversations. This study is also important because it addresses the issue of

how code-switching might effectively be exploited as a communicative and

pedagogical resource in instruction.
AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Abundance and Activation is increased with the β-Adrenergic agonist Zilpaterol Hydrochloride in Muscle from Feedlot Cattle
Authors: Johnson Bradley Joseph
Published: September 2021

The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of Zilpaterol Hydrochloride (ZH) on myogenic or adipogenic gene and protein expression in skeletal muscle. Two feeding trials and one cell culture experiments were conducted. Semimembranosus muscle tissue was collected from steers that had been fed a diet containing 8.3 mg of ZH/kg DM for the last 0 or 20 d of the finishing period with a 3 d withdrawal period. To test the mode of action an in vitromodel was used with, isolated bovine satellite cells isolated from muscle tissue. Real Time-QPCR (RTQPCR) was used to measure the relative mRNA abundance of Adenosine Monophosphate Protein Kinase α (AMPK), Myosin Heavy Chain (MHC) I, MHCIIA, MHCIIX, Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I), β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) 1 and 2, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), and Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD). Western blotting was used to measure the relative protein abundance of AMPK and Phosphorylated-AMPK (pAMPK). No differences were detected in relative mRNA abundance of AMPK, MHCIIA, IGF-I, βAR1 and βAR2. However, MHCI, SCD, and PPARγ mRNA expression was decreased and MHCIIX mRNA increased from ZH fed cattle compared to non-ZH. For one experiment, AMPK protein expression increased, while in another experiment, AMPK phosphorylation increased with ZH fed animals. The increase in MHCIIX mRNA with ZH fed cattle indicated the start of a fiber type shift towards larger diameter fibers. This shift may have been due to increased expression and phosphorylation of AMPK. These data suggest that the shift increase in MHCIIX was likely due to the ZH administration.
Karakteristik Penderita Kanker Serviks di RSUD Arifin Ahmad Propinsi Riau
Authors: Harahap Mustika Hana
Published: September 2021

KARAKTERISTIK PENDERITA KANKER SERVIKS DI RSUD ARIFIN ACHMAD PROVINSI RIAU

 

Mustika Hana Harahap

Program Studi DIII Kebidanan STIKes Payung Negeri

Korespondensi Penulis : harahapmustikahana@gmail.com

 

ABSTRAK

 

Latar belakang dan tujuan : Menurut WHO, kanker menjadi penyakit penyebab kematian nomor satu di dunia mengalahkan serangan jantung. Angka kejadian kanker serviks diruangan Camar III RSUD Arifin Achmad dari tahun ke tahun terus meningkat Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik penderita Kanker Serviks di RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau.

Metode : Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian deskriptif, teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total populasi yaitu jumlah seluruh penderita kanker serviks dengan jumlah 48 orang, penelitian dilakukan di RSUD Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau pada bulan April 2016. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan data primer, data yang didapat dari penyebaran kuisioner yang diisi oleh penderita kanker serviks dan diolah secara manual dan analisa dengan melakukan perhitungan.

Hasil : Hasil penelitian didapatkan Karakteristik Penderita Kanker Serviks berdasarkan usia mayoritas ≥ 35 tahun sebanyak 45 orang (93,75%), paritas ≥ 3 sebanyak 39 orang (81,25%), perempuan merokok mayoritas tidak merokok 31 orang (64,58%) , keturunan mayoritas tidak ada 37 orang (77,08%) dan dari segi status ekonomi <UMR Rp.1.925.000- sebanyak 26 orang (54,17%).

Simpulan : Dari hasil penelitian Karakteristik Penderita Kanker Serviks di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Arifin Achmad Provinsi Riau didapatkan bahwa angka kejadian kanker serviks dari faktor Usia, Paritas, Perempuan merokok, Keturunan dan Status ekonomi.

 

Kata Kunci    : Karakteristik, Penderita, Kanker Serviks.
Pengaruh Konsumsi Tablet Fe Dengan Kejadian Konstipasi Pada Ibu Hamil Diwilayah Kerja Puskesmas Payung Sekaki Pekanbaru
Authors: Hayati Susani
Published: September 2021

Abstrak

 

Latar belakang dan tujuan: Perubahan hormonal yang drastis pada ibu hamil dengan peningkatan progesterone menyebabkan otot-otot relaksasi, sehingga menurunkan motilitas usus yang menyebabkan konstipasi. Salah satu factor yang dapat memicu konstipasi adalah konsumsi tablet fe secara rutin  pada ibu hamil membuat feses menjadi hitam, keras dan kering. Tujuan penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsumsi tablet fe dengan kejadian konstipasi pada ibu hamil trimester di wilayah kerja puskesmas payung sekaki Pekanbaru.

Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian analitik, menggunakan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini adalah 65 orang. Sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan kriteria ibu hamil yang sudah memasuki trimeseter III. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara dan observasi buku KIA. Analisis univariate menghasilkan distribusi dan presentase dari tiap variabel sedangkan Analisis Bivariate untuk melihat pengaruh konsumsi tablet Fe dengan kejadian konstipasi dengan menngunakan uji statistic Chi-Square p< 0,005 dengan derajat kepercayaan (95%).

Hasil: Hasil uji statistik Chi-square menunjukkan nilai p value 0,002 < 0,05 dengan CI 95%, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kejadian konstipasi dengan konsumsi tablet Fe. Dimana pengaruh konsumsi tablet Fe meningkatkan kejadian konstipasi pada ibu hamil.

Simpulan: Ibu hamil yang rutin mengkonsumsi tablet Fe lebih cenderung mengalami konstipasi Sedangkan Ibu hamil yang tidak rutin mengkonsumsi tablet Fe cenderung tidak mengalami konstipasi.
Hubungan Lama Pemakaian Kontrasepsi Suntik Kombinasi (Medroxy Progestero E Acetate) Dengan Gangguan Menstruasi Pada Akseptor Di BPM IW
Authors: Primadewi Kadek
Published: September 2021

Injectable contraception (Cyclofem) is a hormonal contraceptive method containing only progesterone, an injection of medroxyprogesterone acetate and an estrogen component that works in 4 weeks and is available as a contraceptive for women. The results of an interview study on 10 acceptors at Bidan Praktik Mandiri "IW" using cyclofem injectable contraception with 5 people resulted from irregular menstrual disorder, 4 menstruating men, and 1 person weight gain. Objective to know the Old Relation of Contraceptive Use Cyclofem Injection With Menstrual Disorder On Acceptor. Quantitative descriptive research type with correlation study method. In this study describes the relationship of variables about the Old Use of Cyclofem Injectable Contraception with Menstrual Disorders on Acceptors. Data collection with documentation and questionnaires, the number of respondents as many as 26 people. The result of analysis that have been done by using Chi Square formula is got p-value value (Asymp Sig. (2 sided)) at Pearson Chi Square value is 0.000, so χ2 <α or 0,000 <0,05. Conclusion there is a relationship between the duration of the injection against menstrual disorders. Suggestion for contraceptive acceptor combination harmato get information and understand about side effect that can be caused.
Pengetahuan Lansia Tentang Posyandu Lansia Di Dusun Mandung Desa Sembung Gede Kecamatan Kerambitan Kabupaten Tabanan Tahun 2018
Authors: Febriyanti Ni Made Ari
Published: September 2021

Background and objectives: Elderly is an aging process with increasing age of individuals which is marked by a decrease in the function of organs such as the brain, heart, liver and kidneys as well as an increase in loss of active body tissue in the form of body muscles. Posyandu for elderly is the center of community activities in the effort to provide health services for the elderly. This study aims to determine the knowledge of the elderly about the Elderly Posyandu in Mandung Hamlet, Sembung Gede Village, Kerambitan District, Tabanan Regency.

Methods: This study is a descriptive study with a cross sectional approach. The number of samples taken was 41 respondents with a purposive sampling approach technique. The instrument used in this study was filling out a questionnaire with 15 statements in accordance with the theoretical concept of knowledge to be measured. The analysis technique in this study uses univariate analysis where each variable will be described based on the percentage results.

Result: elderly knowledge about posyandu for elderly, most of the two respondents (67%) have less knowledge from basic education, most of the two respondents (67%) have less knowledge of 75-90 years old and all respondents, namely three (100%) have lack of knowledge to get information sources from electronic media.

Conclusion: Most of the elderly have less knowledge about posyandu for the elderly, most of the elderly have less knowledge of 75-90 years old and all of them have less knowledge of getting information sources from electronic media
Aplikasi Teori Katharine Kolbaca Pada Kasus Kanker Kolon Pasca Laparatomi Dengan Musik
Authors: Puspitasari Monika Rini , Waluyo Agung
Published: September 2021

Colorectal cancer is a malignancy that originates in the tissue of the colon and is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Laparatomy is one of the most commonly performed types of surgery. Pain can appear after the laparotomy due to the severity of body tissues. Writing this case study to identify the use of music therapy in interventions to reduce pain after laparotomy surgery in the case of Mr.S. Assessment of the pain scale uses the NRS (Numeric Rate Scale) while the patient's condition is through observation and intervention. The results of the observation found data if Mr.S said that the pain during activities was on the part of the laparotomy incision in the abdomen with an NRS 6 scale. The main nursing diagnosis in Mr. S's case was pain. The intervention given uses an approach based on nursing theoryKatharine Kolbaca is the theory of comfort. Management to manage pain can be done with pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies. The non-pharmacological therapy given to Mr. S. was in the form of music therapy that was selected independently by Mr. S. and carried out for 4 sessions in 2 days. The findings of this study were that the administration of music therapy had the effect of reducing the pain scale compared to the beginning of the assessment.
ANTIBACTERIAL, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES AND ASSOCIATION AMONG PLANT GROWTH RELATED TRAITS OF LEPIDIUM DRABA
Authors: Ali Q , Khalil R , Nadeem M , Azhar MM , Hafeez MM , Malik A
Published: September 2021

The Lepidium draba or white tope also known as hoary cress belongs to family Brassicaceae, has been known as one of the perennial herbs which grow normally from seeds and also produced horizontal long creeping roots. It normally grows as a weed plant in farm fields. The present study was conducted to find out the antibacterial and antioxidant activities along with the plant traits of Lepidium draba. The shoot, root and inflorescence extracts were taken through using ethanol, water and n-hexan as extraction solvents. It was found from our studies that the plant extracts were heaving alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, coumarins, anthocyans, quinons, steroids, sterols and terpenoids as potential phenolic compounds. The bacterial strains including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Staphylococcus aureus were cultured to access the antibacterial activities of plant extracts. The higher antibacterial activity was reported from n-hexan extract which indicate that the n-hexan extract may be used for extracting phytochemicals to be used as potential antibacterial biomedicines. The water extract showed higher antioxidant activities as compared with ethanol and n-hexan extracts which indicated that the use of water extract may be as a useful antioxidant under stress conditions, may also have anticancer activities. The lower coefficient of variation was recorded for all of the studied traits which indicated the consistency of results and reliability of selecting plants from various locations. There was significant and positive correlation among plant height with inflorescence weight, leaf area and leaf length, the inflorescence weight showed positive correlation with plant height, lea length and leaf area. There was higher contribution of plant height while leaf area contributed lower and negatively towards fresh plant weight. We have concluded from our study that the Lepidium draba plant extract showed antibacterial and antioxidant activities through using ethanol, water and n-hexan as extraction solvents. The significant correlation and regression associations indicated that the plants can tolerate harsh environmental conditions.
ROLE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION; COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PRESENT AND FUTURE ASPECTS IN DISTRICT KHANEWAL
Authors: Rana HAA , Iftikhar M , Chaudhry KM , Usman M , Mazhar F
Published: September 2021

Agricultural extension is the main driving force in technology transfer from researcher to the end users. But it is facing tremendous challenges due to lack of government interest and financial resources. The prominent issue of agricultural extension is to cover huge number of small farmers in scattered form.  Information and Communication Technologies can play a vital role to resolve this issue. The present study was conducted in Tehsil Khanewal to evaluate the type of ICTs used by farmers and their contribution for the development of agricultural extension in future. Data were collected with the help of well-structured interview schedule from 234 farmers and collected data were statistically analyzed with the help of computer software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Higher variation was recorded which was ranging from (2.9%) to (66.6%) in case of ICTs as a source of agricultural information. The most prominent ICTs device used as a source of agricultural information was TV with exactly two third (66.6%) of the total respondents followed by mobile phone with slightly less than TV (63.6%). Use of Agri. websites and mobile Apps for agriculture consultancy were below bottom line with 4.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Mobile phone was on top ranking with weighted score=959 and mean value=4.12, as an effective tool for getting agricultural information in future. Agri. helpline was on the second number with weighted score=875 and mean value=3.74. It was suggested from our study that there is a need to create awareness among the farmers about the use of ICTs. Farmers must be educated by the extension staff about the use of internet and agriculture mobile apps for fetching the information and finding the solution of the problems which they face in fields.
EVALUATION OF GENETIC VARIABILITY FOR SALT TOLERANCE IN WHEAT
Authors: Iqra L , Rashid MS , Ali Q , Latif I , Malik A
Published: September 2021

Wheat is an important cereal crop which has been consumed as food crop throughout the globe. Present study discusses change in different morphological traits of six most common wheat varieties in Pakistan under the effect of salt stress. We have used two salt solutions; 10 dS/m NaCl and 15 dS/m NaCl concentrations were used in our research. Data collected during research indicates that all morphological traits decrease under salt treatments except that of two trait viz., root length and carotenoids level. It was noted that under the effect of both salt concentrations carotenoids content increased in significant amount in leaves and roots along with root length which was also increased. The outcomes from analysis of variance demonstrated that there was higher leaf caroteniods for genotype 5 (Ujala-16) that was 998.32 mg/g of fresh leaf weight trailed by genotype 1 (Inqalab-91) 995.99 mg/g of fresh leaf weight) while lower carotenoids were found for genotype 2(Shafaq-06) that was 825.65 mg/g of fresh leaf weight. Highest root weight was found in Shafaq-06 under treatment of 15dS/m NaCl. While pooled all Pairwise comparison test revealed highest root length in genotype 4 (Galaxy-13). While linear regression suggests that carotenoids content contribute least in plant height. Genetic heritability was found highest for photosynthetic pigments i.e. 99.99% for chlorophyll b except that of carotenoids. Genetic advance was recorded higher for fresh stem weight (309.870%). Higher heritability and genetic advance revealed that from our study that the selection of salt stress wheat genotypes on the basis of root length may be help to develop salt stress tolerance wheat genotypes with higher grain yield.
GENETIC ASSOCIATION AMONG MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS OF ZEA MAYS SEEDLINGS UNDER SALT STRESS
Authors: Nawaz A , Haseeb A , Malik HA , Ali Q , Malik A
Published: September 2021

Zea mays is an important cereal crop which has been used by human from last thousands of years as grain crop. It is very sensitive for drought, heat, cold, salinity and heavy metals toxicity. For evaluating corn for salt stress we have conducted an experiment in the greenhouse of IMBB, University of the Lahore. Four maize genotypes were selected for our research work, viz., B-316, EV-1097Q, Raka-poshi and Sahiwal-2002 under the treatments of salt were kept as following: control, 0.2Molar NaCl, 0.5Molar NaCl, 0.7Molar NaCl and 1Molar NaCl. The selection of genotypes for high shoot and root length under treatments 0.5Molar NaCl, 0.7Molar NaCl may be fruitful for the improvement of crop production and productivity. It was found from results that the B-316 performed better under all stress treatments for seedling traits as compared with EV-1097Q and Sahiwal-2020 maize genotypes. The results showed that higher genetic advance and heritability was recorded for both root length and shoot length. The significant and positive correlation was recorded among root length, shoot length, root dry weight and shoot dry weight. The regression analysis showed that the higher contribution for shoot length was found for root length. It was concluded from our study that the selection of maize genotypes may be fruitful on the basis of root length and shoot length to improve grain yield under salt stress conditions.
ANTIFUNGAL AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF ALOE VERA PLANT EXTRACT
Authors: Danish P , Ali Q , Hafeez MM , Malik A
Published: September 2021

Aloe vera is a well-known medicinal plant used in many therapeutic purposes. Naturally it is composed of many useful compounds that have ability to use for treatment of many diseases. The active compounds reported in this plant are saponins, sugar, enzymes, vitamins, aloesin, aloeemodin, aloin, acemannan aloemannan, aloeride, methylchromones, flavonoids, naftoquinones, sterols, minerals, anthraquinones, amino acids, lignin and salicylic acid and other different compounds including fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins, enzymes, minerals, simple/complex sugars, organic acid and phenolic compounds. In this study aloe vera is used for antibacterial and antifulgal activity against different strains of bacteria and pathogenic fungal strains. Ethanol extract of Aloe vera leaves and roots is applied on these bacterial and fungal strains in different concentrations (15, 20, 25, 30µl). Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtitis, Bacillus megaterium, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and some other bacterial strains are used for this study. Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefacins shows zone of inhibition around 18mm which consider as good result. Bacillus subtitis and Bacillus megaterium also shows good result around 16mm. Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows minimum zone of inhibition which is around 11mm. among all used fungal strains (fuserium oxysporum, Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger) fuserium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger shows excellent results around 19mm both against root extract and leaves extract.
SCREENING OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) INBRED LINES UNDER WATER DEFICIT CONDITIONS
Authors: Masood M , Ahsan M , Sadaqat HA , Awan F
Published: September 2021

Development of the selection criteria and selection of crop plant genotypes is a crucial and important task of plant breeders. The present study was designed to screen out the drought or water deficit tolerant maize genotypes. Fifty genotypes were taken from maize germplasm restored by the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. One set of genotypes were grown under 100% field capacity while other set at 50% field capacity in wire house conditions. The significant contrasts were observed in genotypes of various attributes under ordinary and stress timeframe. The traits root length and root shoot ratio by mass showed the high heritability and genetic advance and genotypic correlation with each other under water deficit condition provided the basis for the selection. The principle component analysis showed that the genotypes A545, AES204, WM13RA were chosen on the premise of better performance for most of the traits under study. These lines may be used in further breeding program as candidate parents for the development of drought tolerant hybrids.
PERCEPTION REGARDING SELF-MEDICATION OF ANTIBIOTICS IN GENERAL PUBLIC SECTOR UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN PUNJAB: A COMPARISON BETWEEN MEDICAL AND NON-MEDICAL STUDENTS
Authors: Khalid S , Ali Q , Hafeez MM , Malik A
Published: September 2021

Self-medication with antibiotics is a most rapidly emerging problem especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Antibiotics are easily accessible to the general public without consulting any practitioner even without prescriptions. So there are many risks linked to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. The main aim of this study was to assess the wrong practice of self-medication in public sector universities of southern Punjab. The current study also compares the self-medication practices in various departments of universities. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and inferential statistics (chi-square test). The study was included data from 900 students including both males and females from various departments. Among 900 students, 450 students of medical while 450 were non-medical students. Frequency of self-medication was found to 57 %. The antibiotics more frequently use for self-medication were Augmentin (37 %), Amoxicillin (23 %). Fever and cough were the most frequent indication for the use of self-medicated antibiotics. Because of their sufficient knowledge of pharmacology, most students were self-medicated (40%). Academic knowledge is the principal source of antibiotic information (60%). Just (39%) of the students thought that self-medication is part of the self-core, 31% of the students perceived that the availability of non-prescription drugs could prevent the growing trend of self-medication with antibiotics. 30% of students perceived that antibiotics were aware of the harms of self-medication or informed about them. Based on this study, it can be concluded that a high proportion of medical students and non-medical students use antibiotics without medical prescription and such practices are more common in the general public sector.