bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table S1 from St. Jude Survivorship Portal: Sharing and Analyzing Large Clinical and Genomic Datasets from Pediatric Cancer Survivors
Authors: Matt Gavriel Y. , Sioson Edgar , Shelton Kyla , Wang Jian , Lu Congyu , Zaldivar Peraza Airen , Gangwani Karishma , Paul Robin , Reilly Colleen , Acić Aleksandar , Liu Qi , Sandor Stephanie R. , McLeod Clay , Patel Jaimin , Wang Fan , Im Cindy , Wang Zhaoming , Sapkota Yadav , Wilson Carmen L. , Bhakta Nickhill , Ness Kirsten K. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. , Zhang Jinghui , Yasui Yutaka , Zhou Xin
Published: August 2024

Comparison of the SJLIFE and CCSS cohorts
Data from ZNF397 Deficiency Triggers TET2-Driven Lineage Plasticity and AR-Targeted Therapy Resistance in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Xu Yaru , Yang Yuqiu , Wang Zhaoning , Sjöström Martin , Jiang Yuyin , Tang Yitao , Cheng Siyuan , Deng Su , Wang Choushi , Gonzalez Julisa , Johnson Nickolas A. , Li Xiang , Li Xiaoling , Metang Lauren A. , Mukherji Atreyi , Xu Quanhui , Tirado Carla R. , Wainwright Garrett , Yu Xinzhe , Barnes Spencer , Hofstad Mia , Chen Yu , Zhu Hong , Hanker Ariella B. , Raj Ganesh V. , Zhu Guanghui , He Housheng H. , Wang Zhao , Arteaga Carlos L. , Liang Han , Feng Felix Y. , Wang Yunguan , Wang Tao , Mu Ping
Published: August 2024

Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit phenotypical plasticity and epigenetic reprogramming that allows them to evade lineage-dependent targeted treatments by adopting lineage plasticity. The underlying mechanisms by which cancer cells exploit the epigenetic regulatory machinery to acquire lineage plasticity and therapy resistance remain poorly understood. We identified zinc finger protein 397 (ZNF397) as a bona fide coactivator of the androgen receptor (AR), essential for the transcriptional program governing AR-driven luminal lineage. ZNF397 deficiency facilitates the transition of cancer cell from an AR-driven luminal lineage to a ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2)-driven lineage plastic state, ultimately promoting resistance to therapies inhibiting AR signaling. Intriguingly, our findings indicate that a TET2 inhibitor can eliminate the resistance to AR-targeted therapies in ZNF397-deficient tumors. These insights uncover a novel mechanism through which prostate cancer acquires lineage plasticity via epigenetic rewiring and offer promising implications for clinical interventions designed to overcome therapy resistance dictated by lineage plasticity.

Significance: This study reveals a bifurcated role of ZNF397, and a TET2–driven epigenetic mechanism regulating tumor lineage plasticity and therapy response in prostate cancer, enhances the understanding of drug resistance, and unveils a new therapeutic strategy for overcoming androgen receptor-targeted therapy resistance.
Oncogenic Enhancers in Leukemia
Authors: Mulet-Lazaro Roger , Delwel Ruud
Published: August 2024

Although the study of leukemogenesis has traditionally focused on protein-coding genes, the role of enhancer dysregulation is becoming increasingly recognized. The advent of high-throughput sequencing, together with a better understanding of enhancer biology, has revealed how various genetic and epigenetic lesions produce oncogenic enhancers that drive transformation. These aberrations include translocations that lead to enhancer hijacking, point mutations that modulate enhancer activity, and copy number alterations that modify enhancer dosage. In this review, we describe these mechanisms in the context of leukemia and discuss potential therapeutic avenues to target these regulatory elements.

Significance: Large-scale sequencing projects have uncovered recurrent gene mutations in leukemia, but the picture remains incomplete: some patients harbor no such aberrations, whereas others carry only a few that are insufficient to bring about transformation on their own. One of the missing pieces is enhancer dysfunction, which only recently has emerged as a critical driver of leukemogenesis. Knowledge of the various mechanisms of enhancer dysregulation is thus key for a complete understanding of leukemia and its causes, as well as the development of targeted therapies in the era of precision medicine.
Conta vinculada: reflexões sobre a contabilização e a (in)eficiência do modelo como mecanismo mitigador de riscos nas contratações públicas
Authors: Maciel Francismary Souza Pimenta , Forni João Paulo Gualberto , Chioato Tânia Lopes Pimenta
Published: August 2024

The essay proposes to discuss Guarantee Deposits Blocked for Movement (DGBM), another name for so-called “contas vinculadas” (“linked accounts”), based on a consultation made to the Federal Audit Court (TCU) by the Federal Senate. The first argument is that the divergence of interpretation regarding the correct accounting of DGBM values – for which a solution is proposed – is an indication of the atypicality of the entire control mechanism that results in deposits. The second argument is that there are consistent indications that the operationalization of DGBM implies inefficiencies and negative externalities. It is therefore necessary to take a more attentive and critical look at the Administration, especially at the control bodies.
Evidence of honest signalling in a suboscine bird: Southwestern willow flycatcher song frequency is positively related to apparent reproductive success
Authors: Mahoney S.M. , Davis P. , Dodge C. , Edwards C. , Holmes J.A. , Jennings Q. , Johnson M.J. , Lundgren E.J. , McLeod M.A. , Moore D. , Motyka P.J. , Pellegrini A. , Rakestraw D.N. , Smith A.N.B. , Winton R.R. , Woodhouse E.
Published: August 2024

Acoustic signalling mediates key animal behaviours, but the factors driving inter- and intra-specific variation remain elusive, especially in non-learning suboscine birds. Acoustic traits may evolve to signal an individual’s quality through a process termed honest signalling. Most studies on bird song evolution via honest signalling focus on oscine bird species (song learners) while fewer evaluate honest signalling in suboscines. We tested whether song was an honest signal of male quality in southwestern willow flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus), a suboscine, by monitoring nest success and recording male advertisement songs. Based on song characteristics known to vary among individuals, we found higher minimum song frequency, but not temporal components, was positively correlated with the number of fledglings and nest success, after accounting for first egg date, the number of eggs, and clutch number. Our study therefore offers evidence that suboscine song may have evolved as an honest signal of reproductive success.
Matteo Ripa (1682–1746) and the Sino-European Cultural Contacts during the Kangxi Reign
Authors: Han Qi
Published: August 2024

Drawing upon Chinese and European sources, this paper intends to analyze the Italian missionary Matteo Ripa’s activities in China from three perspectives. First, it will employ new documents to explore the context of Ripa’s copper engravings of thirty-six views at Jehol. Second, it will elaborate on his dialogue with an imperial Muslim physician at the court, where he shared insights into Islamic culture. Third, it will examine Ripa’s departure for Europe and the farewell gifts he received, as documented in an archival record.
Some Insights into the Medical Situation on Board of Galleons Traveling across the Pacific Ocean in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Schottenhammer Angela
Published: August 2024

Crossing the early modern Pacific Ocean presented many challenges. This chapter seeks to provide some insights into the food provisions, diseases, and medical supplies found on board galleons. I will also discuss some aspects of transcultural medical knowledge transfer and introduce some results of our ongoing ERC AdG project transpacific.
Progress of Oncolytic Virus
Authors: Wu Chen , Zhao Yongxiang , Hu Kai , Zhong Liping
Published: August 2024

Oncolytic viruses have made tremendous advances in fundamental research and clinical trials in recent years as potential anti-cancer medications. Oncolytic viruses, which are either genetically modified or naturally occurring, can kill cancer cells without harming healthy cells. At
present, surgical treatment, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted drug therapy are the current conventional tumor treatment methods, but the curative effect is still not good for most cancer patients, especially at advanced stages of cancer. With the rapid development of molecular biology,
viral vectors that can activate the body’s immune system have become increasingly popular as a means of enhancing anti-tumor efficacy. Increasing numbers of natural viruses are being generated and manipulated to enhance their infectivity or immunological activity against tumor cells.
An oncolytic virus is a biologically effective preparation that performs its function by entering the body via an intra-tumor injection, intravenous or intraspinal drip, and other routes. Oncolytic viruses has the potential to treat solid tumors as well as non-solid tumors. They can selectively
replicate and proliferate in tumor cells, which activates the immune system against the tumor of the host and recruits more efficient lymphocytes in the tumor microenvironment, thereby killing tumor cells. Moreover, it shows broad clinical application prospects.
Metal-Based Nanoclusters for Diagnosis and Treatment of Brain Diseases
Authors: Wang Zilan , Tang Yanbing , Yang Xingyu , Ni Hanyu , Chen Huiru , Lu Jiaye , Chen Zhouqing , Wang Zhong
Published: August 2024

Recently novel metal-based nanoclusters have gained growing attention regarding their biomedical applications owing to the remarkable characteristics, such as ultrasmall size, luminescence, catalytic properties, reduced poisonousness, and excellent bio-compatibility. However, the use
of metal-based nanoclusters in brain research and in different brain disorders has not yet been widely studied. This review summarize the most recent developments concerning the application of novel metal-based nanoclusters with blood–brain barrier permeability for the diagnosis and
treatment of brain disorders. We mainly discuss the use of metal-based nanoclusters for fluorescent biological imaging or in the diagnosis of brain disorders, the enhanced brain tumor-suppressing efficacy of the metal-based nanocluster sensitizer, and their potential for treating brain diseases.
Furthermore, the challenges to their possible biomedical applications are also discussed.
Understanding Advanced Attenuated Total Reflection Correction: The Low Absorbance Assumption
Authors: Mayerhöfer Thomas G. , Popp Jürgen
Published: August 2024

We present an attenuated total reflection (ATR) correction scheme capable of rectifying ATR spectra while considering the polarization state for arbitrary angles of incidence, provided that this angle exceeds the critical angle for the entire ATR spectrum. Due to its reliance on the weak absorption approximation, it cannot achieve perfect correction of the ATR spectra. However, comprehending its functionality may offer valuable insights into the concept behind the weak absorption approximation. Depending on the specific polarization state of an instrument accessory combination, this correction scheme may outperform the proprietary advanced ATR correction authored by ThermoFisher while being as user-friendly, but in contrast to the latter completely transparent with regard to its functionality.
Can Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS) Indicate Biocompatible Material?
Authors: Wesełucha-Birczyńska Aleksandra , Długoń Elżbieta , Morajka Krzysztof , Błażewicz Marta
Published: August 2024

Carbon nanofibers are a new type of carbon materials. One of the methods of obtaining them is the carbonization of a polymer precursor. They are attractive in many areas, including medicine, due to the possibility of modifying their properties in a wide range. For example, the conditions of the carbonization process result in the creation of materials with designed structures and surface parameters. In the current work, the nanoprecursor was polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. Two types of carbon fibers obtained by carbonization of the PAN precursor at 1000 °C were tested. The first electrospun carbon nanofibers (ESCNFs) were cytotoxic, while the second ESCNF-f were biocompatible after functionalization. The parameters obtained from Raman tests did not clearly discriminate between the tested materials. Multiwavelength Raman studies, analyzed using the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS), treating the laser energy as an external disturbance, showed a difference between both fibrous structures. 2D-COS indicates that structures resembling graphite systems, devoid of disordered carbon forms, are nontoxic.
Standoff Identification of Plastic Waste Using a Low-Cost Compact Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Detection System
Authors: Junjuri Rajendhar , Gummadi Arun Prakash , Gundawar Manoj Kumar
Published: August 2024

We report the standoff/remote identification of post-consumer plastic waste by utilizing a low-cost and compact standoff laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (ST-LIBS) detection system. A single plano-convex lens is used for collecting the optical emissions from the plasma at a standoff distance of 6.5 m. A compact non-gated Czerny–Turner charge-coupled device (CCD) spectrometer (CT-CCD) is utilized to analyze the optical response. The single lens and CT-CCD combination not only reduces the cost of the detection system by tenfold, but also decreases the collection system size and weight compared to heavy telescopic-based intensified CCD systems. All the samples investigated in this study were collected from a local recycling plant. All the measurements were performed with only a single laser shot which enables rapid identification while probing a large number of samples in real time. Furthermore, principal component analysis has shown excellent separation among the samples and an artificial neural network analysis has revealed that plastic waste can be identified within ∼10 ms only (testing time) with accuracies up to ∼99%. Finally, these results have the potential to build a compact and low-cost ST-LIBS detection system for the rapid identification of plastic waste for real-time waste management applications.
Influence of Rheological Modifications on Primary Network Chemical and Structural Cure Kinetics for an Interpenetrating Polymer Network Resin
Authors: Chimenti Robert V. , Bensley Kayla A. , Lehman-Chong Alexandra M. , Engelhardt Jamison D. , Sepcic Alyssa M. , Tu Jianwei , Stanzione Joseph F. , Lofland Samuel E.
Published: August 2024

The development of non-contact in situ techniques for monitoring cure kinetics has the potential to greatly improve both resin formulation and processing. We have recently shown that low-frequency Raman spectroscopy is a viable method for assessing resin structural cure kinetics and complements the traditional chemical conversion determined from the fingerprint region of the spectrum. In this work, we further evaluate the relationship between structural and chemical conversion by investigating two chemically identical yet rheologically different interpenetrating polymer network resin formulations. Rheological analysis demonstrates a relationship between structural conversion and storage modulus, which is not observed in the chemical conversion data. We show that one can produce master cure kinetics curves with comparable kinetic constants using both the chemical and structural conversion methodologies. Parametric analysis of the structural conversion, chemical conversion, and photorheological conversion was combined with a semi-empirical model for the storage shear modulus as a function of the extent of cure.
Effects of a school-based substance use prevention education on psychoactive substance knowledge, attitudes and behaviours among young people
Authors: Onuorah Samuel Ifeanyichukwu , Agbaje Olaoluwa Samson , Ene Osmond Chukwuemeka , Ugwueze Fabian Chibunine
Published: August 2024

Objective:

Psychoactive substance use is prevalent among young people in Nigeria. However, the dearth of accessible and good-quality treatment for substance use disorders in Nigeria creates a treatment gap. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a substance use prevention education programme (SUPEP) for young people in Nigeria.

Design:

A quasi-experimental study using a pre–post-test was conducted. The experimental group ( n = 100) and comparison group ( n = 100) comprised students in four senior secondary schools. Data were collected using a validated self-report questionnaire and the WHO Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) version 3.0. Paired sample t-tests, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and generalised and linear mixed models (GLMM) were used for data analysis.

Setting:

Two hundred young people aged 14–20 years prone to substance use participated in SUPEP in four secondary schools in Enugu State, Southeast, Nigeria.

Results:

Students’ psychoactive substance knowledge and substance use attitudes in the experimental group ( p < .001) improved significantly post-intervention. ANCOVA results showed that the mean psychoactive substance knowledge score increased significantly between the time points, F(1, 123) = 8.89, p = .003. In contrast, mean psychoactive substance use attitudes reduced significantly between the same time points, F(1, 123) = 12.390, p = .001. However, no significant difference between the groups was observed in the mean psychoactive substance use behaviour post-intervention.

Conclusion:

The school-based SUPEP increases psychoactive substance knowledge and improves attitudes. However, the intervention did not reduce substance use among adolescents.
Recent developments in understanding RIG-I's activation and oligomerization
Authors: Sikorska Justyna , Wyss Daniel F
Published: August 2024

Insights into mechanisms driving either activation or inhibition of immune response are crucial in understanding the pathology of various diseases. The differentiation of viral from endogenous RNA in the cytoplasm by pattern-recognition receptors, such as retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), is one of the essential paths for timely activation of an antiviral immune response through induction of type I interferons (IFN). In this mini-review, we describe the most recent developments centered around RIG-I's structure and mechanism of action. We summarize the paradigm-changing work over the past few years that helped us better understand RIG-I's monomeric and oligomerization states and their role in conveying immune response. We also discuss potential applications of the modulation of the RIG-I pathway in preventing autoimmune diseases or induction of immunity against viral infections. Overall, our review aims to summarize innovative research published in the past few years to help clarify questions that have long persisted around RIG-I.
The effects of a diet with high fat content from lard on the health and adipose-markers’ mRNA expression in mice
Authors: Chu Dinh-Toi , Thi Hue Vu , Bui Nhat-Le , Le Ngoc-Hoan
Published: August 2024

Pork is one type of the most frequently consumed meat with about 30% globally. Thus, the questions regarding to the health effects of diet with high fat content from lard are raised. Here, we developed a model of mice fed with high fat (HF) from lard to investigate and have more insights on the effects of long-time feeding with HF on health. The results showed that 66 days on HF induced a significant gain in the body weight of mice, and this weight gain was associated to the deposits in the white fat, but not brown fat. The glucose tolerance, not insulin resistance, in mice was decreased by the HF diet, and this was accompanied with significantly higher blood levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. Furthermore, the weight gains in mice fed with HF seemed to link to increased mRNA levels of adipose biomarkers in lipogenesis, including Acly and Acaca genes, in white fat tissues. Thus, our study shows that a diet with high fat from lard induced the increase in body weight, white fat depots’ expansion, disruption of glucose tolerance, blood dyslipidemia, and seemed to start affecting the mRNA expression of some adipose biomarkers in a murine model.
Exploring the New Addiction: An Internet Abstinence Assignment for Addictions Education
Authors: Wehe Hillary
Published: August 2024

Background

Addiction is an essential topic included in several psychology courses. This topic has practical implications for students but may be intimidating due to its integrative nature.

Objective

This study presents an experiential learning activity focused on student internet use. The assignment was intended to increase student motivation for the topic, while providing an experiential opportunity to deepen understanding of the material.

Method

A mixed method was used. Students abstained from their most frequent area of internet use. They completed a written reflection and participated in class discussion. Metrics of motivation, value, and understanding were collected.

Results

Students’ intrinsic motivation for the content increased after completing the project. They reported perceiving the assignment as helpful to their learning and gaining personal insight into the ramifications of addictive behaviors.

Conclusion

The internet abstinence assignment was an effective, engaging project. Students actively engaged with the material in discussion and gained relevant insight.

Teaching Implication

The internet abstinence assignment appeared enjoyable to students. Students were able to apply course content, feel an increase in learning, and demonstrate improved retention for related content. An open educational resource lesson plan and assignment are included, as well as recommendations for potential modifications.
A spatial ranking of optimal sites for solar-driven green hydrogen production using GIS and multi-criteria decision-making approach: A case of Tunisia
Authors: Rekik Sassi , El Alimi Souheil
Published: August 2024

The unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind, raises concerns about consistent power supply based on a single type. Green hydrogen presents a promising solution to mitigate the environmental effects of fossil fuels and control the unpredictability of renewable energy sources. Yet, developing green hydrogen systems mandates immense financial commitments, vitally stressing the importance of determining the most appropriate locations before constructing them. As such, the primary purpose of this paper was to propose an initial spatial analysis and prioritize the most suitable locations for installing solar-based green hydrogen systems in Tunisia. For this reason, an exhaustive literature survey was conducted to develop a GIS-based MCDM approach, taking into account technical, topography, environmental, and accessibility criteria. Then, EDAS, ARAS, MOORA, and COPRAS techniques were used to rank the most promising sites resulting from the previous stage. The study revealed that sites of high suitability, primarily in the southeastern and southwestern parts of Tunisia, spanned a total area of 1591 km2 (0.78%). Among such regions, Sfax, Monastir, and Sousse appeared to hold the top ranking as the most suitable locations for solar-based hydrogen. The “most suitable” sites had a hydrogen potential capacity of 9910 Mt per year, with Sfax, Monastir, and Sousse accounting for 14.5% of that capacity. By tapping into this immense potential and embracing the green hydrogen industry, Tunisia has the opportunity to lead in renewable energy adoption. This move could help ensure energy security, reduce dependence on imports, stimulate economic growth, and steer the nation toward a more sustainable and prosperous future.
A narrative analysis of two gifted political leaders: Agentic and communal motivations in the political accomplishments of highly talented women
Authors: Kelly Kevin R
Published: August 2024

This article proposes that researchers should seek to understand the value conflicts inherent in the career choices of gifted students. This study explored those conflicts using a narrative analysis based on the McAdams (1993) model of personal meaning-making. The subjects were two gifted female political leaders: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf and Jacinda Ardern. The findings showed that each leader enacted predominantly agentic motives in responding to political challenges and crises; communal motives were enacted as well, but with lower frequency. These results are discussed in relation to the conflicting values and motivations that extraordinarily talented students encounter in forming a cohesive life plan.
Progress in the milling processes for molten coatings: A review
Authors: Zhao Changlong , Ma Hongnan , Jia Xiaoyu , Zhao Qinxiang
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we provide a summary of six output variables in the milling process. These variables include cutting force, tool wear, surface roughness, surface burr, residual stress, and microhardness. The cutting force has an impact on the power consumption during the cutting process and serves as a reflection of the cutting state. The tool wear degree determines the performance of cladding layer after milling. Surface roughness and surface burrs can affect the surface quality and final use of the workpiece after milling. Excessive residual stress can cause distortion, deformation, and even cracking of the parts. Microhardness is used to evaluate the service life and reliability of materials. Examined the various influencing factors on the six output variables’ influence. These various influencing factors not only impact the output variables, but also affect the cutting state, workpiece surface quality, tool life, and other aspects of the cutting process. The generalization of the various influencing factors primarily encompasses various milling parameters, cutting directions, treatments of the fused cladding layer, construction orientations of the fused coating layer, and machinability of the fused coating layer. By studying the output variables and influencing factors of molten cladding milling, researchers have gained a more comprehensive understanding of this process. Ultimately, they have also forecasted future development directions for molten cladding milling, the utilization of ultrasonic vibration machining, Electrical Discharge Machining assisted machining, and computer simulation technology in cladding layer milling shows promising development prospects.
Factors associated with the place of death of persons with advanced dementia: A systematic review of international literature with meta-analysis
Authors: Tay RiYin , Tan Joyce YS , Lim BinYan , Hum Allyn YM , Simpson Jane , Preston Nancy
Published: August 2024

Background:

Many individuals with advanced dementia die in hospital, despite preferring home death. Existing evidence of factors affecting their place of death is inconsistent. To inform policies/practices for meeting needs/preferences, systematically establishing the evidence is pertinent, particularly given the exponential rise in advanced dementia prevalence.

Aim:

To identify factors influencing where people with advanced dementia die.

Design and data sources:

This systematic review with meta-analysis was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42022366722). Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocINDEX and a grey literature database, Overton, were searched on 21/12/2022, supplemented by hand-searching/citation tracking. Papers reporting quantitative data on factors associated with place of death in advanced dementia were included and appraised using QualSyst. Data were analysed using random effects with the certainty of evidence determined using the GRADE criteria.

Results:

Thirty-three papers involving >5 million individuals (mean age = 89.2 years) were included. Long-term care setting deaths were relatively common but hospice deaths were rarer. Marriage’s association with home death underscores social networks’ importance, while younger age’s and male gender’s associations with hospital death demonstrate patients’ and families’ interdependency. Pneumonia/COPD’s opposing effects on hospital deaths with cancer/functional impairment highlight the challenges of advanced dementia care. Unlike hospital/nursing home bed availability’s lack of effect, capitated funding (fixed-amount-per-patient-per-period) decreased hospital death likelihood.

Conclusion:

This comprehensive review of place of death determinants highlight the profound challenges of advanced dementia end-of-life care. Given that bed capacity did not affect place of death, a capitation-based, integrated palliative care model would appear more likely to meet patients’ needs in a resource-constrained environment.
Perceived Penalties for Sharing Patient Beliefs with Health Care Providers
Authors: Marsh Jessecae K. , Asan Onur , Kleinberg Samantha
Published: August 2024

Background

Health care interactions may require patients to share with a physician information they believe but is incorrect. While a key piece of physicians’ work is educating their patients, people’s concerns of being seen as uninformed or incompetent by physicians may lead them to think that sharing incorrect health beliefs comes with a penalty. We tested people’s perceptions of patients who share incorrect information and how these perceptions vary by the reasonableness of the belief and its centrality to the patient’s disease.

Design

We recruited 399 United States Prolific.co workers (357 retained after exclusions), 200 Prolific.co workers who reported having diabetes (139 after exclusions), and 244 primary care physicians (207 after exclusions). Participants read vignettes describing patients with type 2 diabetes sharing health beliefs that were central or peripheral to the management of diabetes. Beliefs included true and incorrect statements that were reasonable or unreasonable to believe. Participants rated how a doctor would perceive the patient, the patient’s ability to manage their disease, and the patient’s trust in doctors.

Results

Participants rated patients who shared more unreasonable beliefs more negatively. There was an extra penalty for incorrect statements central to the patient’s diabetes management (sample 1). These results replicated for participants with type 2 diabetes (sample 2) and physician participants (sample 3).

Conclusions

Participants believed that patients who share incorrect information with their physicians will be penalized for their honesty. Physicians need to be educated on patients’ concerns so they can help patients disclose what may be most important for education.

Highlights

Understanding how people think they will be perceived in a health care setting can help us understand what they may be wary to share with their physicians. People think that patients who share incorrect beliefs will be viewed negatively. Helping patients share incorrect beliefs can improve care.
Effect of CaO–SiO2–MgO–CaF2 slags on deep deoxidation and desulphurisation of low-Ni 201 stainless steel by simultaneous consideration of multiple slag–steel reactions
Authors: Yan Yan , Guo Jing , Shang Guanghao , Zhang Liping , Li Bin , Guo Hanjie
Published: August 2024

Effects of the CaO–SiO2–MgO–CaF2 slag on the deep deoxidation and desulphurisation of low-nickel 201 stainless steel (SS) are investigated via laboratory-scale experiments and a developed thermodynamic model. The model was developed based on the slag–steel equilibrium theory, the law of mass conservation, as well as the ion and molecule coexistence theory. And the model involves the Si–Mn–Cr–Fe–S–O reaction system. By comparing the measured values and the model-predicted values, the model has been proved that can effectively predict the equilibrium oxygen and sulphur contents in 201 SS with CaO–SiO2–MgO–CaF2 slag. The average deviation between the model-predicted value and the measured value is <1.5×10−6. Both the model-predicted values and the measured values show that a high basicity is beneficial for the deoxidation and desulphurisation of steel. Moreover, the measured values of the minimum oxygen and sulphur contents are 8.69×10−6 and 8.10×10−6, respectively, which are obtained at B≥1.9. Increasing the MgO content at B=1.7 to within 5 wt-% slightly improves the deoxidation and desulphurisation of the steel, while it has no effect at (% MgO)≥7.0. Increasing the CaF2 content in the range of 20–40 wt-% slightly decreases the equilibrium sulphur content (3.6×10−6) in the steel, but it does not affect the equilibrium oxygen content. As a result, the optimum slag for both the deoxidation and desulphurisation of 201 SS is to maintain a binary basicity range of 1.9–2.1, with MgO content at saturation state and CaF2 content at 40 wt-%. In addition, the deoxidation and desulphurisation mechanisms between CaO–SiO2–MgO–CaF2 initial slag and 201 SS are discussed based on the developed model.
Prediction of Freezing Air Temperature Distribution in the Entire Railway Tunnel According to Tunnel Length and Outside Air Temperature
Authors: Lee Sehee , Kim Jongwon , Park Sungbum , Cho Kook-Hwan
Published: August 2024

Railway tunnels have been constructed mainly in cold regions in South Korea recently, and damage related to freezing problems have occurred thereafter. When freezing air temperatures persist inside a tunnel, it causes damage, such as ice formation from leaks and obstruction of drainage flow. The air temperature distribution inside a tunnel is related to the area inside a tunnel, such as tunnel length, cross-section, and so forth. It can be interpreted with a convection mechanism. Tunnel length is designed depending on site conditions, and it is complicated to predict freezing air temperature distribution in a tunnel. In this study, the air temperature variation inside a long tunnel was measured in winter, and a heat transfer analysis model was implemented. A double-track railway tunnel model with a half-length ranging from 500 to 5000 m was simulated, and the conditions of freezing temperature distribution inside tunnels were investigated. The research results propose freezing conditions in railway tunnels according to tunnel lengths and minimum outside air temperatures.
Patient screening and assessment for home dialysis therapies: A scoping review
Authors: Ting Ryan , Borkum Megan , Ni Lian Ting , Levin Adeera
Published: August 2024

Background

Home dialysis therapies have limited uptake in most regions despite recognized benefits such as increasing patients’ independence, and several domains of quality of life with cost savings in some systems.

Objective

To perform a scoping review of published literature to identify tools and guides used in systematically screening and assessing patient suitability for home dialysis. A secondary objective was to explore barriers and enablers associated with the home dialysis assessment process. It is important to identify gaps in current research to pose pertinent questions for future work in the field.

Design

Online databases Embase, Medline (Ovid), and CINAHL were used to identify articles published between January 2007 to May 2023. A total of 23 peer-reviewed primary and secondary studies that investigated screening or selection for patients > 18 years old with kidney failure for home dialysis met the study inclusion criteria.

Results

The studies consisted of secondary studies (n = 10), observational studies (n = 8), and survey-based studies (n = 5). The major themes identified that influence patient screening and assessment for home dialysis candidacy included: screening tools and guidelines (n = 8), relative contraindications (n = 4), patient or program education (n = 9), and socioeconomic factors (n = 2).

Limitations

Consistent with the scoping review methodology, the methodological quality of included studies was not assessed. The possible omission of evidence in languages other than English is a limitation.

Conclusion

This scoping review identified tools and factors that potentially guide the assessment process for home dialysis candidacy. Patient screening and assessment for home dialysis requires a comprehensive evaluation of clinical, psychosocial, and logistical factors. Further research is required to validate and refine existing tools to establish standardized patient screening criteria and evaluation processes. Up-to-date training and education for healthcare providers and patients are needed to improve the utilization of home dialysis and ensure optimal outcomes.
An improved self-organizing mapping neural network and its application in fault diagnosis of CNC machine tool servo drive system
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Cao Yong , Zhang Tao , Sun Liansheng , Xu Lei , Liu Zhifeng , Cheng Chenyang
Published: August 2024

Computer numerical control (CNC)-based systems are key functional components of industrial manufacturing installations, and the servo drive system is the main functional component of CNC systems. The complex working environment of industrial facilities will lead to the frequent failure of servo drive systems, and effective fault diagnosis measures are important to ensure the normal operation of CNC machine tools. In this paper, the application of fault diagnosis methods in servo drive systems is considered, and a method suitable for high-dimensional data of CNC systems is presented. Using data collected by a physical system and related indicators, the technique can be used to identify hidden fault characteristics in the data and to diagnose the fault types. The core of this method is the self-organizing map neural network, which uses unsupervised competitive learning to cluster data with different characteristics, find the winning neurons, and diagnose the fault. The introduction of feature standardization in the map’s initialization stage can accelerate the model’s training convergence speed and reduce the feature weight deviation. At the same time, principal component analysis is introduced to balance the influence of different feature scales, enhance the features of fault data, reduce the data dimensionality, and improve the interpretability of the model. A comparison with the conventional algorithm and testing various fault datasets shows that the proposed method exhibits improved performance when processing high-dimensional data and its enhancement fault recognition effect is verified.
Nonlinear model predictive control of vehicle trajectory tracking using tilting technology
Authors: Yao Jialing , Bai Yanan , Jia Yunyi
Published: August 2024

To enhance the performance of trajectory tracking in high-speed autonomous vehicles, this paper adopts a new technology for controlling the vehicle body to tilt toward the inside of a curve, known as “tilting technology.” It achieves this tilt through an active suspension system that inclines the vehicle body toward the inside of the curve, thereby reducing or offsetting the torque generated by gravity with the torque produced by centrifugal force. This significantly improves the vehicle’s handling stability and anti-rollover capability. Integrating this technology with active steering control, a nonlinear model predictive trajectory tracking controller has been designed. For this integrated controller, the Fiala lateral tire force model is used to establish a nonlinear vehicle model with steering-rolling dynamics, while a double-lane-change and single-lane-change tests are designed as the reference paths. To avoid the tilting angle of the vehicle body being too large to exceed the effective stroke of the suspension, a clipped ideal tilt angle is adopted as the desired tilting angle. Simulation verification is carried out to confirm the validity of the integrated trajectory tracking control. The proposed controller is compared with two other trajectory tracking controllers, the controller that takes zero rolling angle as the control target and the controller without rolling control. The results show that, compared with the latter two, the proposed trajectory tracking controller can ensure well tracking ability, meanwhile effectively improving the handling stability, anti-rollover capability, and occupant lateral ride comfort during trajectory tracking for high-speed unmanned vehicles.
Effect of ultrasonic field on pool boiling heat transfer to Al2O3 nanofluid on ribbed surfaces
Authors: Liu Ping , Sang Shiming , Hu Lianghong , Liu Guangfeng , Wang Weihua
Published: August 2024

Nanofluid was frequent technique which solved microscale heat and mass transport problems to intensify pool boiling heat transfer. This paper had investigated the effect of nanofluid, ultrasonic field and ribs surfaces on cooperative heat transfer enhancement in pool boiling. A two-step method was applied to prepare Al2O3 nanofluids of different kinds of concentrations and diameters. Group experiments were examined the influences of nanofluid concentration and diameter, ultrasonic power and distance and rib surface type on heat transfer characteristics, respectively. The heat flux and convection heat transfer coefficient were used the performance parameters. The results showed that the concentration and diameter of the Al2O3 nanofluid effected the heat transfer performance on the pool boiling. The Al2O3 nanofluid with an average diameter of 80 nm had the most significant enhancement effect on the pool boiling heat transfer performance, but the Al2O3 with a diameter of 30 nm had the weakest enhancement effect, when the concentration of Al2O3 nanofluid was 0.01 wt%. Meanwhile, the generated acoustic streaming effect and cavitation effect by ultrasonic field can promote the energy accumulation, rupture and regeneration of the bubbles at low superheat stage on nanofluid pool boiling. The heat transfer coefficient (HTC) gradually enhances as the ultrasonic field changes. At an ultrasonic power of 528 W and a distance of 50 mm, the nanofluid pool boiling increased by 44.34% compared to no ultrasonic field HTC. Compared with No rib, the boiling point of the Al2O3 nanofluidic pool boiling of Rib II was reduced by 2°C under the ultrasonic field. The nanofluid pool boiling with ultrasonic field of p = 528 W and Rib II had the best heat transfer effect, and HTC improved more than 50%. This is due to the addition of more nucleation points for bubbles on the heated surface of the Rib II.
What Stifles Lean Management (LM) Adoption? An Exploration and Evaluation of Factors Using the Combined Shannon Entropy-ISM Method
Authors: Singh Rohit Kumar , Ganguly Boudhayan , Nag Tirthankar
Published: August 2024

This study examines the roadblocks in deploying lean management (LM) in the Indian automobile industry, prioritizes these roadblocks based on industry inputs, and uses the Shannon Entropy measure for assigning weights to these roadblocks. This research also identifies the relationship among variables for roadblocks in LM implementation.

In combination with the existing literature and further industrial experts’ opinions, 14 roadblocks were identified that play a prominent role in LM implementation. The variables identified for the research were assigned weights using Shannon entropy. Subsequently, the interpretative structural model (ISM) was applied to identify interrelationships among specific roadblocks. The article develops an argument to prioritize the roadblocks to implementing LM in the Indian automobile industry. ISM results indicate that ‘lack of knowledge about LM’ and ‘uncertainty of vendor response’ are the main roadblocks in lean implementation. The identification, prioritization and significance of various roadblocks in the Indian automobile industry and documentation of the interrelationships and dynamics among specific roadblocks will enable managers to reduce waste along with a focus on areas for improvement.
Fundamental rights and the federal equilibrium: Comparing the doctrines of incorporation in the USA and the EU
Authors: Scarcello Orlando
Published: August 2024

I analyse the process of incorporation of ‘federal’ rights in the United States and in the European Union. Both are forms of ‘selective incorporation’, but in a markedly different manner: in the US the selection depends on the type of right (rooted in the tradition of the nation and implicit in the concept of ordered liberty); in the EU it depends on the type of State action, namely whether the Member State is acting within the scope of EU law. After reconstructing the evolution of the two doctrines, I argue that this difference depends on the functions they have come to play. In the US, since the Sixties the incorporation of a right is a function of the national political equilibria mirrored in the composition of the Supreme Court; in the EU, the incorporation of EU rights was conceived to provide a check on the Member States when acting as agents of the Union but was transformed in the Conventions of 1999 and 2002 into a backstop against the expansion of EU powers. Recent developments such as the interpretation of Treaty clauses in the light of the Charter and rights-related financial conditionality are signs of growing discomfort with the backstop in the EU.
Comparative administrative law in Europe: State-of-the-art overview and research agenda
Authors: Eliantonio Mariolina , Marique Yseult
Published: August 2024

This article provides an overview of the scholarship in comparative administrative law in Europe, starting with general trends in the field and then reviewing systematically the key topics covered in the scholarship devoted to public administration and judicial review of administrative action. It concludes by offering some suggestions about an agenda for future research.
Redefining Intercultural Competence Using the Delphi Method
Authors: Dai Xiaodong , Feng Hairong
Published: August 2024

This study employs the Delphi method to ascertain intercultural scholars’ current consensus on a definition, specific components, and key evaluation criteria of intercultural competence. Sixty-eight leading intercultural scholars from Euro-American and East-Asian countries participated in this study. The results are largely congruent with the previous study, nonetheless some new elements emerge from this study. Based on the findings, intercultural competence is redefined and a multicultural model is proposed.
The Prevalence, Pattern, and Burden of Multimorbidity Among Older Adults in Niger State, Northern Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed Abdulsalam , Khan Hafiz T.A. , Lawal Muili
Published: August 2024

Objective: While public health planners and practitioners are increasingly aware of the role of inequity in health, the burden of disease measures have not kept pace with this knowledge. Hence, the aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, and patterns of multimorbidity and to understand the burden of multimorbidity in Niger State Nigeria. Method: Data were collected on a cross-section of 734 older adults 60 years and older in Niger northcentral Nigeria. The morbidity was assessed by adopting the list of chronic diseases used in prospective urban and rural epidemiology studies. Collected data was entered electronically via JISC online survey software between October 2021 and February 2022. The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS version 27. Relational association rules were used for determining the pattern of multimorbidity. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity for the study was 51.9%. The commonest dyad combination of multimorbidity among the respondents is hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The top triad of multimorbidity combinations for three disease conditions is hypertension, diabetes, and stroke. Hypertension, diabetes, and peptic ulcer represent the highest disease burden respectively. Conclusion: Health conditions like hypertension, diabetes, and acid-peptic diseases are commonly occurring in clusters of multimorbidity. And they represent the greatest disease burden. To reflect the clinical reality of older adults, identifying the common pattern will provide insight for a more integrative multidisciplinary approach focusing on prevention and better management of these disease conditions in groups.