bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Composites: Synthesis and Electrochemical Applications
Authors: Yi Fei‐Yan , Zhang Rui , Wang Hailong , Chen Li‐Feng , Han Lei , Jiang Hai‐Long , Xu Qiang
Published: October 2017

As a youthful family of crystalline porous materials, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), assembled by inorganic vertices (metal ions or clusters) and organic ligands, feature ultrahigh porosity, high surface area, and synthetic and structural tailorability, along with relatively easy synthesis, making them excellent candidates for a large number of applications. Recently, increasing research interest in the electrochemical fields with regard to the environment and energy has been received. Lots of MOFs have been designed, prepared, and used in electrochemical applications, exhibiting fascinating performances. Here, the rational fabrication of electrochemical‐application‐directed functional MOFs and MOF composites is appraised. The synthetic strategies for the enhancement of corresponding MOF electrochemical behaviors are summarized and the relationship between structure and electrochemical performance is discussed. It is expected that the summary will be helpful for the future development of related MOFs and MOF composites with an excellent electrochemical performance.
Concise Review: Emerging Principles from the Clinical Application of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell Therapies for B Cell Malignancies
Authors: Jain Michael D. , Davila Marco L.
Published: October 2017

Gene-engineered T cell therapies are soon to be United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved for at least two types of B cell malignancies in pediatric and adult patients, in the form of CD19 targeted chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR T) cell therapy. This represents a triumph of a true bench to bedside clinical translation of a therapy that was conceived of in the early 1990s. Clinical results have demonstrated efficacious responses in patients with the CD19 positive diseases B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. However, significant challenges have emerged, including worrisome immune-related toxicities, therapy resistance, and understanding how to administer CD19 CAR T cells in clinical practice. Although much remains to be learned, pioneering clinical trials have led to foundational insights about the clinical translation of this novel therapy. Here, we review the “lessons learned” from the pre-clinical and human experience with CAR T cell therapy.
Issues concerning the assessment of concrete compressive strength in existing buildings: Application to a case study
Authors: Cristofaro Maria T. , Nudo Raffaele , Tanganelli Marco , D'Ambrisi Angelo , De Stefano Mario , Pucinotti Raffaele
Published: October 2017

The estimate of concrete compressive strength is a major aspect in the assessment of reinforced concrete existing structures since it involves safety issues. The method of extracting concrete cores from the buildings under investigation is considered in this paper. In the first part, a brief review concerning procedures proposed by international technical codes as well methods available in the scientific literature, is made. In particular, formulations proposed for the determination of the actual concrete strength, starting from the one obtained from laboratory tests on cores, are examined. Special attention is devoted to the various factors affecting the estimate of the actual strength and relative correction coefficients. In the second part, the considered procedures are applied to a case study concerning a school building in Tuscany; comparison among different formulations allows some considerations on the reliability of the adopted procedures.
“We do not know what is the real story anymore”: Curricular contextualization principles that support indigenous students in understanding natural selection
Authors: Sánchez Tapia Ingrid , Krajcik Joseph , Reiser Brian
Published: October 2017

We propose a process of contextualization based on seven empirically derived contextualization principles, aiming to provide opportunities for Indigenous Mexican adolescents to learn science in a way that supports them in fulfilling their right to an education aligned with their own culture and values. The contextualization principles we empirically derived account for Nahua students' cultural cognition, socialization, and cultural narratives, thus supporting Indigenous students in navigating the differences between their culture and the culture and language of school while learning complex science concepts such as natural selection. The process of curricular contextualization we propose is empirically driven, taking culture and socialization into account by using multiples sources (cognitive tasks to explore teleology, ethnographic observation of students' community and classroom, and interviews with students and community members) and builds on the scholarship in Culturally Relevant Pedagogy and Indigenous Education. We used these principles to redesign a middle school biology unit on natural selection to make it more culturally relevant for Nahua students. The enactment of this unit resulted in students being engaged in science learning and achieving significant learning gains. The significance of this study lies in presenting evidence that learning science in culturally relevant ways supports the learning of challenging biology concepts. We provide evidence that Western science can be learned in ways that are more aligned with Indigenous students' Traditional Indigenous Knowledge, thus informing the implementation of educational policies aiming to improve the quality of secondary education for Indigenous adolescents. Our proposed contextualization principles can benefit students of all cultural identities who feel that their religion, language, or traditional knowledge are not aligned with school science, facilitating their access to culturally relevant science education.
How Verbal Reports of Desire May Mislead
Authors: Gregory Alex ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2017

In this paper I highlight two noteworthy features of assertions about our desires, and then highlight two ways in which they can mislead us into drawing unwarranted conclusions about desire. Some of our assertions may indicate that we are sometimes motivated independently of desire, and other assertions may suggest that there are vast divergences between our normative judgements and our desires. But I suggest that some such assertions are, in this respect, potentially misleading, and have in fact misled authors such as Russ Shafer-Landau (2003), Jack Woods (2014), and Tim Scanlon (1998).
Does site of cord insertion increase risk of adverse outcome, twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome and discordant growth in monochorionic twin pregnancy?
Authors: Couck I. , Mourad Tawfic N. , Deprest J. , De Catte L. , Devlieger R. , Lewi L.
Published: October 2017

Objectives

It is not currently well known to what extent the sites of cord insertion influence the risk of complicated outcome in monochorionic twin pregnancy. The objectives of this study were to examine whether the sites of cord insertion, as determined on prenatal ultrasound examination, affect the risks of adverse outcome, twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and discordant growth, and whether discordance in insertion sites or velamentous insertion in one or both twins best predicts risk.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of monochorionic diamniotic twin pregnancies followed from the first trimester. The cohort was divided into three groups of increasing discordance in cord insertion sites: concordant (normal–normal; marginal–marginal; velamentous–velamentous), intermediate (normal–marginal; marginal–velamentous) and discordant (normal–velamentous). Adverse outcome was defined as fetal or neonatal loss or birth prior to 32 weeks. The associations of adverse outcome, TTTS and discordant growth were assessed using logistic regression analysis with the following predictors: the three groups of insertion sites and velamentous insertion in one or both twins.

Results

Included in the analysis were 518 pregnancies. On univariate analysis, both discordant and velamentous insertions in one twin increased the risk of adverse outcome, TTTS and discordant growth. Intermediate insertion only increased the risk of discordant growth. Velamentous insertion in both twins increased the risk of adverse outcome and TTTS, but not of discordant growth. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed velamentous insertion in one or both twins to independently predict adverse outcome and TTTS. For discordant growth, both intermediate/discordant and velamentous cord insertion in one twin were independent predictors.

Conclusions

Velamentous cord insertion in one or both twins increases the risk of adverse outcome and TTTS, irrespective of discordance in the insertion sites, whereas the risk of discordant growth is determined by both discordance in insertion sites and velamentous cord insertion in one twin. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Safe Surgery for All: Early Lessons from Implementing a National Government‐Driven Surgical Plan in Ethiopia
Authors: Burssa Daniel , Teshome Atlibachew , Iverson Katherine , Ahearn Olivia , Ashengo Tigistu , Barash David , Barringer Erin , Citron Isabelle , Garringer Kaya , McKitrick Victoria , Meara John , Mengistu Abraham , Mukhopadhyay Swagoto , Reynolds Cheri , Shrime Mark , Varghese Asha , Esseye Samson , Bekele Abebe
Published: October 2017

Recognizing the unmet need for surgical care in Ethiopia, the Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) has pioneered innovative methodologies for surgical system development with Saving Lives through Safe Surgery (SaLTS). SaLTS is a national flagship initiative designed to improve access to safe, essential and emergency surgical and anaesthesia care across all levels of the healthcare system. Sustained commitment from the FMOH and their recruitment of implementing partners has led to notable accomplishments across the breadth of the surgical system, including but not limited to: (1) Leadership, management and governance—a nationally scaled surgical leadership and mentorship programme, (2) Infrastructure—operating room construction and oxygen delivery plan, (3) Supplies and logistics—a national essential surgical procedure and equipment list, (4) Human resource development—a Surgical Workforce Expansion Plan and Anaesthesia National Roadmap, (5) Advocacy and partnership—strong FMOH partnership with international organizations, including GE Foundation’s SafeSurgery2020 initiative, (6) Innovation—facility‐driven identification of problems and solutions, (7) Quality of surgical and anaesthesia care service delivery—a national peri‐operative guideline and WHO Surgical Safety Checklist implementation, and (8) Monitoring and evaluation—a comprehensive plan for short‐term and long‐term assessment of surgical quality and capacity. As Ethiopia progresses with its commitment to prioritize surgery within its Health Sector Transformation Plan, disseminating the process and outcomes of the SaLTS initiative will inform other countries on successful national implementation strategies. The following article describes the process by which the Ethiopian FMOH established surgical system reform and the preliminary results of implementation across these eight pillars.
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) in Children and Adults: Comparison of Initial Presentation and Long‐Term Postoperative Outcome in 4432 Patients Consecutively Treated at the Mayo Clinic During Eight Decades (1936–2015)
Authors: Hay Ian D. , Johnson Tammi R. , Kaggal Suneetha , Reinalda Megan S. , Iniguez‐Ariza Nicole M. , Grant Clive S. , Pittock Siobhan T. , Thompson Geoffrey B.
Published: October 2017

Background

Contemporary guidelines for managing PTC advise an approach wherein primary tumor and regional metastases (RM) are completely resected at first surgery and radioiodine remnant ablation (RRA) is restricted to high‐risk patients, policies our group has long endorsed. To assess our therapeutic efficacy, we studied 190 children and 4242 adults consecutively treated during 1936–2015.

Subjects and methods

Mean follow‐up durations for children and adults were 26.9 and 15.2 years, respectively. Bilateral lobar resection was performed in 86% of children and 88% of adults, followed by RRA in 30% of children and 29% of adults; neck nodes were excised in 86% of children and 66% of adults. Tumor recurrence (TR) and cause‐specific mortality (CSM) details were taken from a computerized database.

Results

Children, when compared to adults, had larger primary tumors which more often were grossly invasive and incompletely resected. At presentation, children, as compared to adults, had more RM and distant metastases (DM). Thirty‐year TR rates were no different in children than adults at any site. Thirty‐year CSM rates were lower in children than adults (1.1 vs. 4.9%; p = 0.01). Comparing 1936–1975 (THEN) with 1976–2015 (NOW), 30‐year CSM rates were similar in MACIS <6 children (p = 0.67) and adults (p = 0.08). However, MACIS <6 children and adults in 1976–2015 had significantly higher recurrence at local and regional, but not at distant, sites. MACIS 6+ adults, NOW, compared to THEN, had lower 30‐year CSM rates (30 vs. 47%; p < 0.001), unassociated with decreased TR at any site.

Conclusions

Children, despite presenting with more extensive PTC when compared to adults, have postoperative recurrences at similar frequency, typically coexist with DM and die of PTC less often. Since 1976, both children and adults with MACIS <6 PTC have a <1% chance at 30 years of CSM; adults with higher MACIS scores (6 or more) have a 30‐year CSM rate of 30%.
Erratum to: Inhibition of Angiotensin II‐Induced Cardiac Fibrosis by Atorvastatin in Adiponectin Knockout Mice
Authors: Choi Sun Young , Park Jong Sung , Roh Mee Sook , Kim Chong‐Rak , Kim Moo Hyun , Serebruany Victor
Published: October 2017

In the original published article, Victor Serebruany was designated as the corresponding author in error. The corresponding author is Jong Sung Park. Dr. Park can be reached by email at thinkmed@dau.ac.kr.
Inequidades socioeconómicas en el uso de servicios sanitarios de atención primaria en Ecuador
Authors: Armijos Bravo Grace , Camino Mogro Segundo
Published: October 2017

En América Latina existen escasos estudios sobre desigualdades socioeconómicas en variables de salud y pocos que analizan inequidades en el uso de servicios sanitarios. Este trabajo investiga los determinantes del uso de servicios sanitarios públicos de atención preventiva y curativa de atención primaria, además de la inequidad horizontal mediante el cálculo del índice de inequidad horizontal de la población adulta en Ecuador, utilizando datos del año 2012. Los resultados muestran que no existe evidencia de inequidad horizontal en el uso de estos servicios. Sin embargo, se encuentra que los grupos indígenas, individuos sin ningún tipo de seguro, sin educación y residentes en la región de la costa urbana muestran una menor probabilidad de uso de ambos tipos de servicios.
RNA Regulations and Functions Decoded by Transcriptome-Wide RNA Structure Probing
Authors: Piao Meiling , Sun Lei , Zhang Qiangfeng Cliff
Published: October 2017

RNA folds into intricate structures that are crucial for its functions and regulations. To date, a multitude of approaches for probing structures of the whole transcriptome, i.e., RNA structuromes, have been developed. Applications of these approaches to different cell lines and tissues have generated a rich resource for the study of RNA structure–function relationships at a systems biology level. In this review, we first introduce the designs of these methods and their applications to study different RNA structuromes. We emphasize their technological differences especially their unique advantages and caveats. We then summarize the structural insights in RNA functions and regulations obtained from the studies of RNA structuromes. And finally, we propose potential directions for future improvements and studies.
Marshall bundle reentrant atrial tachycardia after the Cox‐Maze IV procedure: The last barrier of the conduction pathway between the coronary sinus and left atrium
Authors: Wakabayashi Yasushi , Hayashi Takekuni , Sugawara Yoshitaka , Mitsuhashi Takeshi , Fujita Hideo , Momomura Shin‐ichi
Published: October 2017

A 74‐year‐old woman who developed atrial tachycardia following the Cox‐Maze IV procedure underwent catheter ablation. The reentrant circuit included the coronary sinus (CS), Marshall bundle (MB), distal MB‐left atrial (LA) connection, and anterolateral mitral annulus. The distal MB‐LA connection was the last barrier in the conduction pathway between the CS and the left atrium.
PAH mutation spectrum and correlation with PKU manifestation in north Jiangsu province population
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Wen , Jiang Shi‐Wen , Zhou Bao‐Cheng
Published: October 2017

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a common autosomal recessive disorder of phenylalanine metabolism and mainly results a deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase gene (PAH). The incidence of various PAH mutations have race and ethnicity differences. We report a spectrum of PAH mutations complied from 35 PKU children who are all Chinese Han population from north Jiangsu in this study. All 13 exons and their flanking intron sequences of PAH were determined by Ion Torrent PGM™ sequencing. The relationship of genotype and phenotype was analyzed based on the sum of the arbitrary value (AV) values of the two alleles. We identified 61 mutations, with a frequency of 87.14%, among 70 alleles of 35 patients. The most prevalent mutations were R243Q (26.23%), R241C (9.84%) and V399V (8.20%). Furthermore, the consistency between prediction of the biochemical phenotype and the observed phenotype was 81.25%, with the highest consistency observed in classic PKU (87.50%). A significant correlation was found between pretreatment levels of phenylalanine and AV sum (r = −0.87, P < 0.05). Finally, our study constructs PAH mutation spectrum by next generation sequencing (NGS), and reveals that the PAH genotypes and biochemical phenotypes were significantly correlated. These offers facilitate the provision of appropriate genetic counseling for PKU patients.
A novel miniature, wireless neurostimulator in the management of chronic craniofacial pain: Preliminary results from a prospective pilot study
Authors: Weiner Richard L. , Garcia Carlos Montes , Vanquathem Niek
Published: October 2017

Objective

To report a novel wireless neuromodulation system for treatment of refractory craniofacial pain.

Background

Previous studies utilizing peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) of the occipital and trigeminal nerves reported positive outcomes for alleviating neuropathic pain localized to the craniofacial and occipital areas. However several technological limitations and cosmetic concerns inhibited a more widespread acceptance and use of neuromodulation. Also, a relatively high incidence of adverse events like electrode erosions, dislocation, wire fracture and/or infection at the surgical site mandates a change in our approach to neuromodulation technology and implant techniques in the craniofacial region.

Methods

We report a novel approach for the management of craniofacial pain with a wirelessly powered, minimally invasive PNS system. The system is percutaneously implanted and placed subcutaneously adjacent to affected facial nerves via visual guidance by the clinician. In this feasibility study, pilot evidence was gathered in a cohort of ten subjects suffering from a combination of chronic headaches, facial pain for at least 15 days per month and for at least 4 h/day.

Results

At four weeks post-implant follow up, all patients reported sustained pain relief of the primary pain area. Electrode location and total number of electrodes used per subject varied across the cohort. The average pain reduction using the visual analog scale was >82%. The procedure had no adverse events or side effects.

Conclusions

Percutaneous placement of a wireless neurostimulation device directly adjacent to affected craniofacial nerve (s) is a minimally invasive and reversible method of pain control in patients with craniofacial pain refractory to conventional medical managements. Preliminary results are encouraging and further larger scale studies are required for improved applications.
Abnormalities of tumor endothelial cells and cancer progression
Authors: Hida Kyoko , Maishi Nako
Published: October 2017

Tumor growth and metastasis are dependent on angiogenesis, which is the formation of new blood vessels. The newly formed blood vessels around the tumor supply oxygen and nutrients to the tumor, supporting its progression. Moreover, these blood vessels also serve as channels through which tumor cells metastasize to distant organs. The balance between angiogenic stimulators and inhibitors regulates angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment. Tumor blood vessels, especially the endothelial cells lining tumor blood vessels (tumor endothelial cells [TECs]), are important targets in cancer therapy. As newly formed tumor blood vessels originate from pre‐existing normal vessels, tumor blood vessels and TECs have traditionally been considered to be the same as normal ones.

However, tumor blood vessels have a distinctively abnormal phenotype, including morphological alterations. Recently, it has been revealed that TECs constitute a heterogeneous population, exhibiting characteristics that are largely induced by tumor microenvironmental factors. Furthermore, TECs induce cancer progression through metastasis. In this review, we describe recent studies on TEC abnormalities related to cancer progression and consider their therapeutic implications.
Semi-empirical estimation and experimental method for determining inertial properties of the Unmanned Aerial System – UAS-S4 of Hydra Technologies
Authors: Tondji Y. , Botez R. M.
Published: October 2017

This article presents a structural analysis of the Unmanned Aerial System UAS-S4 ETHECATL. Mass, centre of gravity position and principal mass moment of inertia are numerically determined and further experimentally verified using the ‘pendulum method’. The numerical estimations are computed through Raymer and DATCOM statistical-empirical methods coupled with mechanical calculations. The mass of the UAS-S4 parts are estimated according to their sizes and the UAS-S4 class, by the means of Raymer statistical equations. The UAS-S4 is also decomposed in several simple geometrical figures which centres of gravity are individually computed, weighted and then arithmetically averaged to find the whole UAS-S4 centre of gravity. In the same way, DATCOM equations allows us to estimate the mass moments of inertia of each UAS-S4 parts that are finally sum up according to the Huygens-Steiner theorem for computing the principal moment of inertia of the whole UAS-S4. The mass of de UAS-S4 is experimentally determined with two scales. Its centre of gravity coordinates and its mass moment of inertia are found using the pendulum method. A bifilar torsion-type pendulum methodology is used for the vertical axis(14)and a simple pendulum methodology is used for the longitudinal and transversal axes(12). The test object is installed on a pendulum (simple or bifilar torsion pendulum) which is led to oscillate freely while recording the oscillation's angles and speed, by the means of three sensors (an accelerometer, a gyroscope and a magnetometer) that the calibration is also discussed. Simultaneously, nonlinear dynamic models are developed for the rotational motion of pendulums, including the effects of large-angle oscillations, aerodynamic drag, viscous damping and additional momentum of air. ‘Algorithms of minimization’ are then used to simulate and actualise the dynamic models and finally chose the model that simulated data best fit the experimentally recorded one. Pendulum parameters, such as mass moment of inertia, are lastly extracted from the chosen model. To determine the accuracy of the nonlinear dynamics approach of the pendulum method, the experimental results for an object of uniform density for which the mass moments of inertia are computed numerically from geometrical data are presented along with the experimental results obtained for the UAS-S4 ETHECATL. For the uniform density object, the experimental method gives, with respect to the numerical results, an error of 4.4% for the mass moment of inertia around theZaxis and 9.5% for the moment of inertia around theXandYaxes. In addition, the experimental results for the UAS-S4 inertial values validate the numerical calculation through DATCOM method with a relative error of 6.52% on average.
Power in international trade politics: is ISDS a solution in search of a problem?
Authors: Reddie Andrew
Published: October 2017

This article examines the controversial investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) mechanisms in recent mega-free trade agreement. Below, I examine the origins of the ISDS concept and outline the controversy surrounding its use in the context of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP). Then, I provide a theoretical discussion that outlines both the exogenous and endogenous factors that contribute to the inclusion of ISDS provisions in international trade agreements. Focusing on the latter endogenous factors, I then argue that not all international trade agreements are the same and that, as such, it is possible to develop a typology of international trade agreement across two variables (the number of parties and relative power) that impact the appropriateness of including an ISDS provision. I test this typology against the empirical record. Finally, I discuss potential innovations to the ISDS provisions and market-based mechanisms that address the dual challenges of discrimination and expropriation that ISDS is designed to address.1
Emerging age asymmetries in the research relationship: challenges of exploring transition to the fourth age
Authors: SEDLÁKOVÁ TATIANA , SOURALOVÁ ADÉLA
Published: October 2017

This article opens the discussion on age asymmetries within the research relationship between researchers who are young and able-bodied and research participants who are much older and have acquired impairments in later life. Based on the knowledge of age relations, we present our conceptualisation of power imbalances based on age. We see these asymmetries as co-existing with other forms of power imbalances between researchers and participants, and argue that these asymmetries are not the results of the limitations of the older adults but rather the consequences of different constellations of possibilities for researchers and participants. Moreover, we assert that taking these asymmetries into account is a necessary step when conducting research with people with acquired impairment in later life. As researchers, reflecting on age asymmetries helped us to avoid othering our research participants and prevented us from marginalising their life experiences. Drawing upon our own research, we reflect upon the network of cognitive, physical and social asymmetries that emerged in our research relationships and identify the main challenges that we faced. In the presence of some of these age asymmetries, we approach the research relationship through the roles which we played vis-à-vis the participants. We consider reflecting and addressing these asymmetries to be a necessary step in creating and maintaining a research relationship based on equality. Only a reflexive and transparent approach to these power imbalances can ensure that data collection and analysis do not contribute to their reproduction. This article presents some general insights on research practices and contributes to the debate on power imbalances in qualitative research. The article also contributes to gerontology and provides new insights about the lives of those individuals with acquired impairment in later life, a topic that has so far received inadequate research attention.
Astronomical position without observed altitude of the celestial body
Authors: Lušić Zvonimir
Published: October 2017

The basis of all recommended methods for obtaining position by using celestial bodies is the known altitude of the celestial body being observed. Accordingly, it is necessary to have a sextant, classic or with an artificial horizon, or some other device that can measure altitude. However, there is a way to obtain position using astronomical navigation without determining the altitude of a celestial body, and this method will be analysed in this paper. The introduced method requires only precise measurement of the azimuth, and is based on determining two positions close to the dead reckoning position and lying on the isoazimuthal curve, i.e. a curve of the same great circle azimuths of a celestial body. Furthermore, the model assumes that a part of this curve, between the selected positions, can be replaced by a straight line. Special attention will be given to the analysis of errors of the line of position for various azimuth errors and various dead reckoning (assumed) positions. It will also be shown how a modern Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) can help in approximate position determination, knowing only the azimuths of celestial bodies.
Education and Successful Aging Trajectories: A Longitudinal Population-Based Latent Variable Modelling Analysis
Authors: Cosco Theodore D. , Stephan Blossom C.M. , Brayne Carol , Muniz Graciela ,   MRC CFAS
Published: October 2017

As the population ages, interest is increasing in studying aging well. However, more refined means of examining predictors of biopsychosocial conceptualizations of successful aging (SA) are required. Existing evidence of the relationship between early-life education and later-life SA is unclear. The Successful Aging Index (SAI) was mapped onto the Cognitive Function and Aging Study (CFAS), a longitudinal population-based cohort (n = 1,141). SAI scores were examined using growth mixture modelling (GMM) to identify SA trajectories. Unadjusted and adjusted (age, sex, occupational status) ordinal logistic regressions were conducted to examine the association between trajectory membership and education level. GMM identified a three-class model, capturing high, moderate, and low functioning trajectories. Adjusted ordinal logistic regression models indicated that individuals in higher SAI classes were significantly more likely to have higher educational attainment than individuals in the lower SAI classes. These results provide evidence of a life course link between education and SA.
The Flying Dutchman, English Spectacle and the Remediation of Grand Opera
Authors: Cruz Gabriela
Published: October 2017

Richard Wagner wrote in 1852 that in settling on the theme of the phantom ship he had entered ‘upon a new path, that of Revolution against our modern Public Art’, that is,grand opéra. Wagner’s revolution has often been described in light of the poetics of return and homecoming that contributed a new sense of identity to (German) opera. The present article is written against the grain of this conviction, and highlights the cosmopolitan career of the phantom ship and of the vernacular art forms – the nautical theatre and the phantasmagoria – that maintained the seafaring image at the forefront of the liberal imagination, first in Britain, and then in Paris, where Wagner arguably seized on it. Specifically, it explores the significance of ‘apparitional images’ to mid-nineteenth-century opera and Wagner’s turn to a regime of modern spectacle, inspired by the art of phantasmagoria, inDer fliegende Holländer.
Liturgical chant bibliography 26
Authors: PAUCKER GÜNTHER MICHAEL
Published: October 2017

This issue sees the last Liturgical chant bibliography prepared by Dr Günther Michael Paucker. Having inherited this position from Peter Jeffery in 1996, he has produced, year after year, a total of twenty-one bibliographies, all with an admirably comprehensive coverage of studies on chant across the full range of languages. The journal could not have imagined a more meticulous, thorough and loyal editor. We remain truly thankful to him for all the Herculean efforts he has put into his Liturgical chant bibliographies from 1997 to 2017. They have been tremendously useful to chant scholars and will remain a lasting monument to his generosity of spirit.
Challenges for bilateral pulmonary artery stenting due to occluded femoral veins
Authors: Pavithran Sreeja , Chandrasekaran Ramyashri , Sivakumar Kothandam
Published: October 2017

When the inferior caval vein is occluded or abnormal, jugular and hepatic veins provide alternative routes for interventions. For pulmonary artery stenting, transhepatic access may give a relatively straighter route than that from the jugular veins. We describe the challenges and strategies during transhepatic bilateral pulmonary artery stenting after arterial switch operation complicated by occluded inferior caval vein and congested hepatic veins.
Pre-gestational excessive weight and duration of breast-feeding
Authors: Sotero Andréa M , Ferreira Haroldo da S , Assunção Monica L , de Lira Pedro Israel C
Published: October 2017

Objective

To investigate whether pre-gestational obesity interferes with the duration of breast-feeding.

Design

A cross-sectional study was carried out with a population-based probabilistic sample. The dependent variables were exclusive breast-feeding (EBF) and breast-feeding (BF), as defined by the WHO. The classification of pre-gestational nutritional status was based on the pre-gestational BMI category.

Subjects

A sample of 418 mother–infant pairs from the state of Alagoas, Brazil.

Results

The median duration of EBF was 1·9 months (60d), while that of BF was 8·2 months (250d). According to multiple linear regression analysis, the factors that negatively and independently affected the duration of EBF were pre-gestational BMI≥30·0 kg/m2 (−51·9d, 95 % CI −80·4, −23·4), maternal schooling≤9 years (−30·8d, 95 % CI −54·7, −6·9), no prior lactation experience (−29·0d, 95 % CI −45·6, −11·5) and infant pacifier use (−41·4d; 95 % CI 54·5, −28·2). For BF, a higher weaning rate was observed during the first days after birth among children of pre-gestational obese mothers.

Conclusions

The results suggest that higher pre-gestational BMI is associated with shorter duration of EBF and BF. Prenatal care provides a privileged opportunity to promote nutritional education, better nutritional status of pregnant woman, and greater success with EBF up to 6 months of age and with longer BF.
Random generation of closed simply typed λ-terms: A synergy between logic programming and Boltzmann samplers
Authors: BENDKOWSKI MACIEJ , GRYGIEL KATARZYNA , TARAU PAUL
Published: October 2017

A natural approach to software quality assurance consists in writing unit tests securing programmer-declared code invariants. Throughout the literature, a great body of work has been devoted to tools and techniques automating this labour-intensive process. A prominent example is the successful use of randomness, in particular, random typable λ-terms, in testing functional programming compilers such as the Glasgow Haskell Compiler. Unfortunately, due to the intrinsically difficult combinatorial structure of typable λ-terms, no effective uniform sampling method is known, setting it as a fundamental open problem in the random software testing approach. In this paper, we combine the framework of Boltzmann samplers, a powerful technique of random combinatorial structure generation, with today's Prolog systems offering a synergy between logic variables, unification with occurs check and efficient backtracking. This allows us to develop a novel sampling mechanism able to construct uniformly random closed simply typed λ-terms of up size 120. We apply our techniques to the generation of uniformly random closed simply typed normal forms and design a parallel execution mechanism pushing forward the achievable term size to 140.
Spontaneous disorder: conflict-kindling institutions in virtual worlds
Authors: MILDENBERGER CARL DAVID
Published: October 2017

This paper analyses the emergence and persistence of disorder due to bellicose (i.e. ‘conflict-kindling’) institutions. It does so relying on a novel empirical approach, examining the predatory and productive interactions of 400,000 users of a virtual world as well as its institutions. The paper finds that while there are many cases of spontaneous order in that virtual world, and while the users are not more conflict-loving as such, bellicose institutions sanctioning suicidal attacks in a supposedly safe region spontaneously emerged and rigidly persist, thus upholding disorder (i.e. a particularly violent kind of ordered anarchy).
Ethnoreligious Identity, Immigration, and Redistribution
Authors: Soroka Stuart , Wright Matthew , Johnston Richard , Citrin Jack , Banting Keith , Kymlicka Will
Published: October 2017

Do increasing, and increasingly diverse, immigration flows lead to declining support for redistributive policy? This concern is pervasive in the literatures on immigration, multiculturalism and redistribution, and in public debate as well. The literature is nevertheless unable to disentangle the degree to which welfare chauvinism is related to (a) immigrant status or (b) ethnic difference. This paper reports on results from a web-based experiment designed to shed light on this issue. Representative samples from the United States, Quebec, and the “Rest-of-Canada” responded to a vignette in which a hypothetical social assistance recipient was presented as some combination of immigrant or not, and Caucasian or not. Results from the randomized manipulation suggest that while ethnic difference matters to welfare attitudes, in these countries it is immigrant status that matters most. These findings are discussed in light of the politics of diversity and recognition, and the capacity of national policies to address inequalities.
An 1888 Volcanic Collapse Becomes a Benchmark for Tsunami Models
Authors: Micallef Aaron , Watt Sebastian , Berndt Christian , Urlaub Morelia , Brune Sascha , Klaucke Ingo , Böttner Christoph , Karstens Jens , Elger Judith
Published: October 2017

When volcanic mountains slide into the sea, they trigger tsunamis. How big are these waves, and how far away can they do damage? Ritter Island provides some answers.
A population genomics approach shows widespread geographical distribution of cryptic genomic forms of the symbiotic fungus Rhizophagus irregularis
Authors: Savary Romain , Masclaux Frédéric G , Wyss Tania , Droh Germain , Cruz Corella Joaquim , Machado Ana Paula , Morton Joseph B , Sanders Ian R
Published: October 2017

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; phylum Gomeromycota) associate with plants forming one of the most successful microbe–plant associations. The fungi promote plant diversity and have a potentially important role in global agriculture. Plant growth depends on both inter- and intra-specific variation in AMF. It was recently reported that an unusually large number of AMF taxa have an intercontinental distribution, suggesting long-distance gene flow for many AMF species, facilitated by either long-distance natural dispersal mechanisms or human-assisted dispersal. However, the intercontinental distribution of AMF species has been questioned because the use of very low-resolution markers may be unsuitable to detect genetic differences among geographically separated AMF, as seen with some other fungi. This has been untestable because of the lack of population genomic data, with high resolution, for any AMF taxa. Here we use phylogenetics and population genomics to test for intra-specific variation in Rhizophagus irregularis, an AMF species for which genome sequence information already exists. We used ddRAD sequencing to obtain thousands of markers distributed across the genomes of 81 R. irregularis isolates and related species. Based on 6 888 variable positions, we observed significant genetic divergence into four main genetic groups within R. irregularis, highlighting that previous studies have not captured underlying genetic variation. Despite considerable genetic divergence, surprisingly, the variation could not be explained by geographical origin, thus also supporting the hypothesis for at least one AMF species of widely dispersed AMF genotypes at an intercontinental scale. Such information is crucial for understanding AMF ecology, and how these fungi can be used in an environmentally safe way in distant locations.
Microdiversification in genome-streamlined ubiquitous freshwater Actinobacteria
Authors: Neuenschwander Stefan M , Ghai Rohit , Pernthaler Jakob , Salcher Michaela M
Published: October 2017

Actinobacteria of the acI lineage are the most abundant microbes in freshwater systems, but there are so far no pure living cultures of these organisms, possibly because of metabolic dependencies on other microbes. This, in turn, has hampered an in-depth assessment of the genomic basis for their success in the environment. Here we present genomes from 16 axenic cultures of acI Actinobacteria. The isolates were not only of minute cell size, but also among the most streamlined free-living microbes, with extremely small genome sizes (1.2–1.4 Mbp) and low genomic GC content. Genome reduction in these bacteria might have led to auxotrophy for various vitamins, amino acids and reduced sulphur sources, thus creating dependencies to co-occurring organisms (the ‘Black Queen’ hypothesis). Genome analyses, moreover, revealed a surprising degree of inter- and intraspecific diversity in metabolic pathways, especially of carbohydrate transport and metabolism, and mainly encoded in genomic islands. The striking genotype microdiversification of acI Actinobacteria might explain their global success in highly dynamic freshwater environments with complex seasonal patterns of allochthonous and autochthonous carbon sources. We propose a new order within Actinobacteria (‘Candidatus Nanopelagicales’) with two new genera (‘Candidatus Nanopelagicus’ and ‘Candidatus Planktophila’) and nine new species.
Temporal dynamics of uncultured viruses: a new dimension in viral diversity
Authors: Arkhipova Ksenia , Skvortsov Timofey , Quinn John P , McGrath John W , Allen Christopher C R , Dutilh Bas E , McElarney Yvonne , Kulakov Leonid A
Published: October 2017

Recent work has vastly expanded the known viral genomic sequence space, but the seasonal dynamics of viral populations at the genome level remain unexplored. Here we followed the viral community in a freshwater lake for 1 year using genome-resolved viral metagenomics, combined with detailed analyses of the viral community structure, associated bacterial populations and environmental variables. We reconstructed 8950 complete and partial viral genomes, the majority of which were not persistent in the lake throughout the year, but instead continuously succeeded each other. Temporal analysis of 732 viral genus-level clusters demonstrated that one-fifth were undetectable at specific periods of the year. Based on host predictions for a subset of reconstructed viral genomes, we for the first time reveal three distinct patterns of host–pathogen dynamics, where the viruses may peak before, during or after the peak in their host’s abundance, providing new possibilities for modelling of their interactions. Time series metagenomics opens up a new dimension in viral profiling, which is essential to understand the full scale of viral diversity and evolution, and the ecological roles of these important factors in the global ecosystem.
Influence of resistance breeding in common bean on rhizosphere microbiome composition and function
Authors: Mendes Lucas William , Raaijmakers Jos M , de Hollander Mattias , Mendes Rodrigo , Tsai Siu Mui
Published: October 2017

The rhizosphere microbiome has a key role in plant growth and health, providing a first line of defense against root infections by soil-borne pathogens. Here, we investigated the composition and metabolic potential of the rhizobacterial community of different common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars with variable levels of resistance to the fungal root pathogen Fusarium oxysporum (Fox). For the different bean cultivars grown in two soils with contrasting physicochemical properties and microbial diversity, rhizobacterial abundance was positively correlated with Fox resistance. Pseudomonadaceae, bacillaceae, solibacteraceae and cytophagaceae were more abundant in the rhizosphere of the Fox-resistant cultivar. Network analyses showed a modular topology of the rhizosphere microbiome of the Fox-resistant cultivar, suggesting a more complex and highly connected bacterial community than in the rhizosphere of the Fox-susceptible cultivar. Metagenome analyses further revealed that specific functional traits such as protein secretion systems and biosynthesis genes of antifungal phenazines and rhamnolipids were more abundant in the rhizobacterial community of the Fox-resistant cultivar. Our findings suggest that breeding for Fox resistance in common bean may have co-selected for other unknown plant traits that support a higher abundance of specific beneficial bacterial families in the rhizosphere with functional traits that reinforce the first line of defense.
Microbiome and infectivity studies reveal complex polyspecies tree disease in Acute Oak Decline
Authors: Denman Sandra , Doonan James , Ransom-Jones Emma , Broberg Martin , Plummer Sarah , Kirk Susan , Scarlett Kelly , Griffiths Andrew R , Kaczmarek Maciej , Forster Jack , Peace Andrew , Golyshin Peter N , Hassard Francis , Brown Nathan , Kenny John G , McDonald James E
Published: October 2017

Decline-diseases are complex and becoming increasingly problematic to tree health globally. Acute Oak Decline (AOD) is characterized by necrotic stem lesions and galleries of the bark-boring beetle, Agrilus biguttatus, and represents a serious threat to oak. Although multiple novel bacterial species and Agrilus galleries are associated with AOD lesions, the causative agent(s) are unknown. The AOD pathosystem therefore provides an ideal model for a systems-based research approach to address our hypothesis that AOD lesions are caused by a polymicrobial complex. Here we show that three bacterial species, Brenneria goodwinii, Gibbsiella quercinecans and Rahnella victoriana, are consistently abundant in the lesion microbiome and possess virulence genes used by canonical phytopathogens that are expressed in AOD lesions. Individual and polyspecies inoculations on oak logs and trees demonstrated that B. goodwinii and G. quercinecans cause tissue necrosis and, in combination with A. biguttatus, produce the diagnostic symptoms of AOD. We have proved a polybacterial cause of AOD lesions, providing new insights into polymicrobial interactions and tree disease. This work presents a novel conceptual and methodological template for adapting Koch’s postulates to address the role of microbial communities in disease.
Helicity dependent photocurrent in electrically gated (Bi1−x
Sb
x
)2Te3 thin films
Authors: Pan Yu , Wang Qing-Ze , Yeats Andrew L. , Pillsbury Timothy , Flanagan Thomas C. , Richardella Anthony , Zhang Haijun , Awschalom David D. , Liu Chao-Xing , Samarth Nitin
Published: October 2017

Circularly polarized photons are known to generate a directional helicity-dependent photocurrent in three-dimensional topological insulators at room temperature. Surprisingly, the phenomenon is readily observed at photon energies that excite electrons to states far above the spin-momentum locked Dirac cone and the underlying mechanism for the helicity-dependent photocurrent is still not understood. Here we show a comprehensive study of the helicity-dependent photocurrent in (Bi1−x
Sb
x
)2Te3 thin films as a function of the incidence angle of the optical excitation, its wavelength and the gate-tuned chemical potential. Our observations allow us to unambiguously identify the circular photo-galvanic effect as the dominant mechanism for the helicity-dependent photocurrent. Additionally, we use an analytical model to relate the directional nature of the photocurrent to asymmetric optical transitions between the topological surface states and bulk bands. The insights we obtain are important for engineering opto-spintronic devices that rely on optical steering of spin and charge currents.