bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die frühen Räderfahrzeuge im nordpontischen Raum. Die archäologische Überlieferung und das protoindoeuropäische Wagenvokabular
Authors: Kaiser Elke
Published: May 2023

In dem Beitrag wird eine längerwährende Diskussion zwischen Prähistorischer Archäologie und historischer Sprachwissenschaft aufgegriffen. Es geht um die Frage nach einem, wenn nicht gar dem frühen Innovationszentrum von Räderfahrzeugen. Mit Hilfe zuverlässig datierter archäologischer Funde von massiven Scheibenrädern und anderen Wagenbestandteilen wurde und wird versucht, ein solches Zentrum zu identifizieren. Vokabular aus der indoeuropäischen Grundsprache, das für Wagen rekonstruiert wurde, könnte als zusätzliches Argument bei der Verortung früher realer Nachweise dienen und gleichzeitig könnten sich Hinweise aus den archäologischen Funden für ein Gebiet ergeben, in dem Protoindoeuropäisch oder einer der Dialekte gesprochen worden ist. Als ein Fallbeispiel wird die archäologische Fundsituation für den osteuropäischen Steppenraum dargestellt, der aufgrund der vergleichsweise vielen Belege früher Räderfahrzeuge sowie Schlitten in den letzten zwei Jahrzehnten ins Zentrum der Debatte gerückt ist. Doch auch die große Zahl an Hinterlassenschaften von Fahrzeugen erlaubt es nicht, ein Szenario für ein Innovationszentrum zu entwickeln, das auch für die historische Sprachwissenschaft von Bedeutung sein könnte.
Im Spinnennetz: Karl Ernst von Baer und Otto Buchner, Adolf Bastian und Rudolf Virchow, Carl Dammann und die „Photographiesammlung“ der Berliner Gesellschaft für Anthropologie, Ethnologie und Urgeschichte
Authors: Theye Thomas
Published: May 2023

Bereits die Vorstellung der Photographie (1839) versprach wissenschaftliche Anwendungen des anscheinend wahrheitsgetreuen Mediums. Auch die Völkerkunde bediente sich intensiv der Bildzeugnisse überseeischer Menschen. Carl Victor Dammann bot von 1869 an in seinem Hamburger Atelier Genreszenen an, aber auch anthropologische Aufnahmen – ein einträgliches Geschäft in einer Zeit, in der Abstammung und Vielfalt des Menschengeschlechtes starkes Interesse fanden.
Aufnahmen der Matrosen eines Kriegsschiffs aus Zanzibar machten ihn bis in die Kreise der BGAEU bekannt. Dammann wurde mit der Publikation eines repräsentativen Mappenwerkes aus der „Photographiesammlung“ der BGAEU betraut – eine Inkunabel wissenschaftlicher Buchkunst und Pionierleistung in der Völkerkunde.
Der Beitrag gibt einen Einblick in die Nutzung der Fotografie in der BGAEU des 19. Jahrhunderts, wirft einen Blick auf Dammanns Lebensweg und gibt eine kritische Bewertung seines Werkes.
Populäre Familienforschung und DNA-Genealogie in Deutschland: Ausprägungen und Akteure im Überblick
Authors: Timm Elisabeth
Published: May 2023

DNA-Analysen werden nicht nur von Fachleuten in wissenschaftlichen Laboren eingesetzt, sondern auch im Alltag der populären Genealogie verwendet, die lange vor allem mit schriftlicher Überlieferung aus Archiven arbeitete. Mit sogenannten Genetic Ancestry Tests versprechen kommerzielle Anbieter Auskunft über die angebliche „bio-geographische Herkunft“ heutiger Individuen. Wie wird das in der Familienforschung von Laien genutzt? Ergibt sich dabei ein biologistisch oder genetisch eingeengtes Verständnis von Verwandtschaft, zeigen sich bekannte oder neue Formen von Rassismus? Was sagt der Datenschutz zum Versand von Speichelproben an Unternehmen, die sich, anders als die Forschung der öffentlichen Hand, nicht auf gemeinwohlorientierte, forschungsethische Richtlinien verpflichtet haben, und die bei ihrem Umgang mit genetischem Material durch (supra)nationale Gesetzgebungen allenfalls de jure, de facto jedoch kaum reguliert werden? Aktuelle Analysen der Kultur- und Sozialanthropologie und der Science-and-Technoloy-Studies geben empirisch fundierte Antworten auf diese Ausprägung von Hochtechnologie in der heutigen Geschichtskultur.
Challenges of the Islamic Economic System in the Industrial Era 4.0 in Supporting Economic Growth in Indonesia
Authors: Nissa Izzun Khoirun , Safitri Yuni
Published: May 2023

The development of the times is something that is common and will continue to occur along with increasing knowledge and the desire to be more advanced and facilitate human activities. In the current era of digitalization, some Muslims can understand the probability of changing industry 4.0 by using digital technology as a means of collecting sustenance. . Islamic economics is present as a means of meeting the economic needs of Muslims, in which this economic system has been taught by the Prophet and his companions in the process of life. Islamic economics can also be expressed in terms of Islamic economics. Both have the same meaning that both are based on Islamic teachings. In the research on the Challenges of the Islamic Economic System in the Industrial Age 4.0 in Supporting Economic Growth in Indonesia, the design of this study only focuses on important points that can be extracted from existing sources, so that the research is based on Descriptive Analysis techniques, namely a type of research data that assists in describing, demonstrating, or assisting in summarizing data points so that patterns can develop that satisfy all data conditions. The author discusses this theme because we feel the need to understand the Syari'ah economic system as a Muslim economic vessel.
THE The Effect of Corporate Image, Service Quality, Experiential Marketing on Customer Loyalty with Customer Satisfaction as Intervening Variable at PT Yudhistira Perkasa Abadi Surabaya
Authors: Sofa Ikhwanus , Handini Sri
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of Corporate Image, Service Quality, Experiential Marketing on Customer Loyalty, with Customer Satisfaction as a Variable Intervening at PT Yudhistira Perkasa Abadi Surabaya. The population in the study was 57 respondents who met the requirements according to this study. This study uses quantitative methods with random sampling techniques and quantitative/statistical data analysis to test hypotheses. The research location taken was PT Yudhistira Perkasa Abadi Surabaya. Researchers examined this here because this company experienced relatively high tender conditions fluctuations. There was competition for tenders from vendors, which was quite tight. In this study, involving many variables or constructs with a small sample size, this study used Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The data processing results show that Corporate Image, Service Quality, and Expential Marketing significantly positively influence Customer Satisfaction. However, Corporate Image does not have a significant influence on Customer Loyalty. Meanwhile, Service Quality, Expential Marketing, and Customer Satisfaction significantly influence Customer Loyalty when mediated by Customer Satisfaction. Future research should consider other variables that affect Customer Loyalty and Customer Satisfaction. Companies can increase customer satisfaction by optimizing marketing and public relations strategies. Public relations can help reduce the gap between customer expectations and the reality they experience. In this case, facilitating the customer user interface by creating applications that facilitate customer access in monitoring the services performed can help build customer satisfaction and strengthen customer communities loyal to the company.
PENGALAMAN PSIKOLOGIS PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS DENGAN DFU (DIABETIC FOOT ULCER) PASCA AMPUTASI
Authors: HARISSYA ZULAIKA , MALINI HEMA , OKTARINA ELVI
Published: May 2023

Pasien DFU sering menghadapi masalah psikologis akibat kehilangan anggota tubuh pasca menjalani amputasi, pasien melaporkan merasa depresi, frustrasi, dan merasa tidak berdaya saat mereka berusaha untuk sembuh pasca amputasi yang berdampak pada kesejahteraan hidup pasien. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah tujuh orang yang merupakan pasien DFU yang telah menjalani amputasi di 3 rumah sakit di Kota Padang yaitu RSUP M. Djamil Padang, RSI Ibnu Sina, dan RST Reksodiwiryo, dan salah satu Pusat Perawatan Luka dan Stoma Padang. Hasil analisis data menghasilkan tiga tema, yaitu dampak emosional, gangguan citra tubuh dan harga diri rendah, dan adaptasi diri terhadap kehilangan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa amputasi ekstremitas bawah memberikan dampak  psikologis yang berkaitan dengan perubahan yang terjadi setelah amputasi. Partisipan menggambarkan hal tersebut dengan mengungkapkan kesedihan, perasaan cemas, takut, marah, penyesalan, harga diri rendah, gangguan citra tubuh dan kaget dengan kondisi mereka pasca amputasi, sehingga berdampak pada penurunan kesejahteraan hidup partisipan.
Development of Pavement Maintenance Management System for Baghdad Urban Roadway Network
Authors: Sarsam Saad Issa , Abdulhameed Amina Talal
Published: May 2023

The road transportation system is considered as major component of the infrastructure in any country, it affects the developments in economy and social activities. The Asphalt Concrete which is considered as the major pavement material for the road transportation system in Baghdad is subjected to continuous deterioration with time due to traffic loading and environmental conditions, it was felt that implementing a comprehensive pavement maintenance management system (PMMS), which should be capable for preserving the functional and structural conditions of pavement layers, is essential. This work presents the development of PMMS with Visual inspection technique for evaluating the Asphalt Concrete pavement surface condition; common types of Asphalt Concrete distress including (bleeding of Asphalt, patching, block cracking, edge cracking, longitudinal and transverse cracking, rutting, pot holes, longitudinal and transverse deformation) with their various severity and intensity conditions have been included in the system as data base. The surface of the pavement was divided into sections, and the pavement condition is visually evaluated by the raters using specially designed forms, each type of defect was measured, classified, and rated according to type, severity, and extent. Data will be fed to the system using the computer, various types of intensity and severity of distress were analyzed by the system, the present condition rating (PCR) of the pavement section is determined, and the system suggests the required maintenance action. The developed system which is assigned (PMMS-09) was verified in evaluating the pavement surface condition at AL-Jaderiah campus roadway network. The results indicated that the system is sound in evaluation of the pavement condition and in suggestion of the proper maintenance to reserve the pavement condition.
A Modified Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 based Environmental /Economic Power Dispatch
Authors: Kubba Hassan Abdullah , Sami Saif Sabah
Published: May 2023

A Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (SPEA 2) approach for solving the multi-objective Environmental / Economic Power Dispatch (EEPD) problem is presented in this paper. In the past fuel cost consumption minimization was the aim (a single objective function) of economic power dispatch problem. Since the clean air act amendments have been applied to reduce SO2 and NOX emissions from power plants, the utilities change their strategies in order to reduce pollution and atmospheric emission as well, adding emission minimization as other objective function made economic power dispatch (EPD) a multi-objective problem having conflicting objectives. SPEA2 is the improved version of SPEA with better fitness assignment, density estimation, and modified archive truncation. In addition fuzzy set theory is employed to extract the best compromise solution. Several optimization run of the proposed method are carried out on 3-units system and 6-units standard IEEE 30-bus test system. The results demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method to generate well-distributed Pareto-optimal non-dominated feasible solutions in single run. The comparison with other multi-objective methods demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method.
Changes in Starburst Amacrine Cells in Mice with Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Son Jae-Rim , Lee Myung-Jun , Jeon Chang-Jin
Published: May 2023

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy (DR) and glaucoma, induce retinal neuron loss. Acetylcholine-containing cholinergic neurons, known as starburst amacrine cells (SACs), play critical roles in the generation of precise neuronal activity in the retina and are located in the inner nuclear layer (INL, conventional) and ganglion cell layer (GCL, displaced). Methods: This study investigated the loss of and morphological changes in SACs in the retinas of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic and insulin-deficient C57BL/6-Tg(pH1-siRNAinsulin/CMV-hIDE)/Korl (IDCK) mice. SACs were immunocytochemically localized with anti-choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) antibody, and ChAT-labeled cells in the INL and GCL in the control and experimental groups were counted along the central vertical meridian in the whole-mounted retina using conventional fluorescent or confocal microscopes. Results: ChAT-immunoreactive (IR) neurons in STZ-induced diabetic mouse retina decreased by 8.34% at 4–6 weeks and by 14.89% at 42 weeks compared with the control group. Localized ChAT-IR neuron counts in the retinas of 20-week-old IDCK mice were 16.80% lower than those of age-matched control mice. Cell body deformation and aggregation were detected in the retinas of mice with DR. Single-cell injection experiments revealed the loss and deformation of dendritic branches in ChAT-IR neurons in DR. All ChAT-IR neurons expressed the calcium-binding protein calretinin, whereas no ChAT-IR neuron colocalized with calbindin-D28K or parvalbumin. Conclusions: Our results revealed that the neurodegenerative effects of the loss and deformation of ChAT-IR neurons can provide a reference for future study of this disease.
Cognitive Enhancer Donepezil Attenuates Heroin-Seeking Behavior Induced by Cues in Rats
Authors: Mei Disen , Wang Fangmin , Yuan Bo , Lai Miaojun , Zhou Yiying , Cui Wei , Liu Huifen , Zhou Wenhua
Published: May 2023

Purpose: Opioid use disorder is a significant global problem. Chronic heroin use is associated with impairment of cognitive function and conscious control ability. The cholinergic system can be disrupted following heroin administration, indicating that activation of the cholinergic system may prevent chronic heroin misuse. Donepezil as an inhibitor of cholinesterase has been reported to clinically improve cognition and attention. In this study, the inhibition of heroin self-administration and heroin-seeking behaviours by donepezil were evaluated in rats. Methods: Rats were trained to self-administer heroin every four hours for 14 consecutive days under a fixed ratio 1 (FR1) reinforcement schedule, then underwent withdrawal for two weeks. A progressive ratio schedule was then used to evaluate the relative motivational value of heroin reinforcement. After withdrawal, a conditioned cue was introduced for the reinstatement of heroin-seeking behaviour. Donepezil (0.3–3 mg/kg, i.p.) was used during both the FR1 heroin self-administration and progressive ratio schedules. Immunohistochemistry was used to investigate the mechanism of action of donepezil in the rat brain. Results: Pre-treatment with high dose donepezil (3 mg/kg) but not low doses (0.3–1 mg/kg) significantly inhibited heroin self-administration under the FR1 schedule. Donepezil decreased motivation values under the progressive ratio schedule in a dose-dependent manner. All doses of donepezil (1–3 mg/kg) decreased the reinstatement of heroin seeking induced by cues. Correlation analysis indicated that the inhibition of donepezil on heroin-seeking behaviour was positively correlated with an increased expression of dopamine receptor 1 (D1R) and dopamine receptor 2 (D2R) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and increased expression of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that donepezil could inhibit heroin intake and heroin-seeking behaviour. Further, donepezil could regulate dopamine receptors in the NAc via an increase of acetylcholine. These results suggested that donepezil could be developed as a potential approach for the treatment of heroin misuse.
Red Cell Distribution Width and Futile Recanalization in Individuals with Acute Ischemic Stroke following Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Wang Zhengyang , Liu Yin
Published: May 2023

Background: Previous studies reported that red cell distribution width (RDW) was related to acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Endovascular treatment (EVT) still faces a huge challenge: futile recanalization. The goal of our study was to investigate the relationship between futile recanalization and RDW in AIS patients receiving EVT. Methods: We retrospectively identified 188 AIS individuals with anterior circulation occlusion throughout EVT and obtained complete or near-total recanalization. The subjects were classified into futile recanalization group by their 3-month modified Rankin scale (mRS) score ≥3. The predictive value of RDW was calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, area under the curve (AUC) values, and logistic regression approaches. Results: One hundred and eleven (59.0%) patients were defined as futile recanalization. The RDW was observed as an novel factor of futile recanalization in the multivariate regression model ([OR, odd-ratio] = 5.233, 95% [CI, confidence interval] = 2.656–10.307; p < 0.001). According to the ROC, the model integrating RDW with other risk factors had a relatively higher AUC compared than the RDW alone model (0.944 vs 0.798; p < 0.001) via DeLong’s test. Conclusions: Higher RDW is associated with poor functional outcome in anterior circulation AIS patients undergoing EVT at 3 months.
The Role of Myocardial Strain Imaging in the Pre- and Post-Operative Assessment of Patients with Single Ventricle
Authors: Kleitsioti Panagiota , Koulaouzidis George , Giannakopoulou Pinelopi , Charisopoulou Dafni
Published: May 2023

The term “single ventricle” refers to a wide range of cardiac structural and functional abnormalities which cause the morphologically right or left ventricle to be hypoplastic or functionally inadequate. Patients with single-ventricle physiology have followed a series of palliative surgeries, resulting in the dominant ventricle supporting only the systemic circulation and the systemic venous return draining directly to the pulmonary arteries. Such patients present a progressive decline in myocardial performance, and their management is associated with high morbidity, mortality and resource usage. At each management step, imaging is critical in eligibility assessment, pre-procedural planning and prompt detection of myocardial dysfunction. However, the complex and asymmetric geometry of the dominant ventricle and its segmental wall motion abnormalities make the echocardiographic evaluation of myocardial performance in these patients rather challenging. Consequently, conventional 2-dimensional echo functional parameters, such as ejection fraction by Simpson’s biplane method or shortening fraction by M-mode, is complex and often not feasible to apply. On the other hand, speckle-tracking echocardiography is angle and geometry independent and has better reproducibility. As such, it constitutes an appealing method for assessing myocardial function in patients with single-ventricle hearts. Therefore, this review aims to investigate the role of myocardial strain imaging by speckle-tracking echocardiography in the pre-and post-operative assessment of patients with single-ventricle hearts.
Sistem Saraf dan Sistem Endokrin Ikan
Authors: YUNADIA  , WAHDANIYAH NURUL
Published: May 2023

Pada ikan, respon otot sering menghasilkan gerakan seluruh tubuh. Sistem saraf dibagi menjadi dua sistem berdasarkan pengendaliannya, yaitu sistem serebrospinal dan sistem otonomik. Saraf terdiri dari sel-sel yang disebut neuron. Sel terdiri dari badan sel dilengkapi dengan inti sel, dan proyeksi plasma dari dua atau lebih badan sel. Adapun beberapa yang berkaitan dengan sistem saraf seperti otak, sum-sum tulang belakang, dan saraf kranial. Endokrin merupakan organ tanpa saluran (pembuluh) yang sekresinya (hormon) diserap secara langsung oleh aliran darah. Hormon adalah senyawa organik yang dihasilkan oleh kelenjar endokrin (kelenjar buntu). Hormon berfungsi mengatur pertumbuhan, reproduksi, tingkah laku, keseimbangan dan metabolisme. Pada ikan, sistem endokrin bekerja lebih sederhana dari mamalia meskipun jenis hormon dan kelenjar yang dihasilkan sama, akan tetapi fungsi dan peruntukan hormone pada beberapa kasus menunjukkan perbedaan.
Altın Şafak Kuzey Yunanistan Ve Batı Trakya'ya Odaklanarak Yunanistan’da Yeniden Var Olmaya Çalışıyor
Authors: Tulun Teoman Ertuğrul
Published: May 2023

Aşırı sağcı neo-Nazi grup Altın Şafak (AŞ) 18 Aralık 2022 tarihinde alenen yeniden ortaya çıkmış ve Yunanistan'ın kuzeyinde bulunan Florina şehrinde bir yürüyüş ve miting düzenlemiştir. AŞ, mitingi Yunanistan'daki "Makedonca Dil Merkezi"nin resmi bir STK olarak onaylanmasına tepki olarak düzenledi. Aşırı sağcı örgütlere karşı olan öğrenci örgütleri ve solcu siyasal partiler, AŞ'nin yürüyüşüne cevaben bir karşıt protesto düzenledi. AŞ ve diğer Yunan aşırı sağcıları son zamanlarda Makedonya meselesi etrafında toplanarak bunu siyasi bir malzeme olarak kullanmaktadır. AŞ, 1973 askeri darbesi ve rejiminden bu yana Yunanistan'da kültürel ve siyasal bir tabana sahip olmuştur. Ana akım siyasi partilerin bocalamaya başladığı dönemlerde halkın çoğunluğunun duyarlı olacağı konulara öncelik vererek siyasi partiler yelpazesinde kendilerine yer bulmaya çalışırlar. Ayrıca Batı Trakya'daki Müslüman Türklere karşı nefret yaymakta ve Makedonya sorununa müdahil olmaktadırlar. Yunanistan’ın Kuzeyi ve Batı Trakya'da gösterdikleri faaliyetlerinin, göçmen ve mültecilere karşı ırkçı ve yabancı düşmanı eylemlerden daha fazla siyasi fayda ve görünürlük getirmesi muhtemel duruyor. Altın Şafak resmen ve kağıt üzerinde Yunanistan'ın siyasi hayatından çekilmiş olsa da siyasi, kültürel ve ideolojik mirası hala yaşamaktadır.
Harnessing Big Data and AI for Economic Planning and Policy Making in Developing Economies
Authors: niposium helium
Published: May 2023

Harnessing Big Data and AI for Economic Planning andPolicy Making in Developing Economies
MENGANALISIS DASAR TEOLOGI SYALOM SEBAGAI SPIRITUALITAS PERDAMAIAN DALAM MASYARAKAT TORAJA
Authors: Astrid Ines
Published: May 2023

Dasar teologi Syalom sebagai spiritualitas perdamaian di Toraja adalah pendekatan yang berfokus pada nilai-nilai perdamaian, toleransi, penghargaan terhadap perbedaan, kasih, dan inklusivitas. Pendekatan ini bertujuan untuk membangun harmoni dan persatuan di antara masyarakat Toraja. Melalui pendekatan ini, masyarakat Toraja diharapkan bisa membangun komunitas yang inklusif dan saling menghargai, serta mendorong dialog antaragama yang terbuka dan saling menghargai. Penerapan dasar teologi Syalom sebagai spiritualitas perdamaian di Toraja bisa memberikan manfaat dalam mendorong perdamaian, memperkuat nilai-nilai toleransi dan kasih, membangun komunitas yang inklusif, serta mendorong dialog antaragama yang terbuka dan saling menghargai. Namun, untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, diperlukan dukungan dari para pemimpin agama dan masyarakat di Toraja.
Improved Target Ranging via Multi-spectral LWIR Measurements and Analysis in Passive Systems
Authors: Sharif Zahid
Published: May 2023

Improved Target Ranging via Multi-spectral LWIR Measurements and Analysis in Passive Systems
Strategic Logic of Unilateral Climate Intervention
Authors: Bell Curtis , Keys Patrick
Published: May 2023

Climate change and unabated greenhouse gas emissions are increasing the possibility that the world will turn to climate intervention to curb ever-increasing global temperatures. To date, most work on this topic has imagined that an international organization like the United Nations or an international coalition of states will synchronize their efforts to deploy climate intervention at ideal latitudes to maximize global effect. Nearly all climate model simulations run-to-date have assumed this. Thus, our understanding of the science of climate intervention is largely based on an ideal of perfect geopolitical coordination. However, geopolitical uncertainties make this scenario unlikely and the costs of climate intervention are sufficiently low that many states could comfortably finance a climate intervention program that could have global consequences. This paper uses game theory to elucidate the conditions that might make a state more or less likely to begin unilateral climate intervention (UCI). We solve this game for several specific scientific, economic, and climatological conditions that change the likelihood of a government starting its own climate intervention program without the participation of the broader international community. Specifically, we demonstrate that the plausibility of UCI is linked to our scientific understanding of three key elements: (1) the effectiveness of climate intervention strategies, (2) the sensitivity of specific governments to punishment by other states, and (3) satisfaction with climate and weather in the present. We conclude by discussing how this formal game theory model informs the design of future earth system model simulations of UCI, international agreements related to climate intervention, and the development of solar climate intervention technologies.
Taking Advice from ChatGPT
Authors: Zhang Peter
Published: May 2023

A growing literature studies how humans incorporate advice from algorithms. This study examines an algorithm with millions of daily users: ChatGPT. We conduct a lab experiment in which 118 student participants answer 2,828 multiple-choice questions across 25 academic subjects. We present participants with answers from a GPT model and allow them to update their initial responses. We find that the advisor’s identity (``AI chatbot'' versus a human ``expert''), presence of written justification, and advice correctness do not significant affect weight on advice. Instead, we show that participants weigh advice more heavily if they (1) are unfamiliar with the topic, (2) used ChatGPT in the past, or (3) received more accurate advice previously. These three effects—task difficulty, algorithm familiarity, and experience, respectively—appear to be stronger with an AI chatbot as the advisor. Moreover, we find that participants are able to place greater weight on correct advice only when written justifications are provided. In a parallel analysis, we find that the student participants are miscalibrated and significantly underestimate the accuracy of ChatGPT on 10/25 topics. Students under-weigh advice by over 50% and would have scored better if they trusted ChatGPT more.
Is artificial intelligence more persuasive than humans? A meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Guanxiong , WANG Sai
Published: May 2023

The rapid deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has enabled AI agents to take on various roles as communicators, such as virtual assistants, robot journalists, and AI doctors. This study meta-analyzed 121 randomized experimental studies (N = 53,977) that compared the effects of AI and human agency on persuasion outcomes, including perceptions, attitudes, intentions, and behaviors. The results showed that AI agents were as persuasive as humans in terms of overall persuasion outcomes. With regard to different types of outcomes, AI was less effective than humans at shaping behavioral intentions, but did not differ significantly from humans in eliciting perceptions, attitudes, or actual behaviors. Additionally, heterogeneous patterns were observed for different roles of AI communicators, directions of communication, experimental settings, and demographic segments. The implications of these findings for human–machine communication and persuasion in the era of AI are discussed.
The enactive account of motivated activity and the hard problem of efficacy (HPE): Artificial life meets the physics of life
Authors: Froese Tom , Karelin Georgii
Published: May 2023

The enactive approach to cognitive science has undergone a bio-phenomenologically inspired “normative turn” by characterizing an organism’s activity as motivated by intrinsic value, where this value is grounded in adaptive self-production under precarious conditions. However, efforts in the field of artificial life to model this enactive conception of life have unwittingly revealed a case of what can be called the hard problem of efficacy (HPE): how could any intrinsic value as such make an effective difference to an organism’s behavior, in particular if bodily activity is purely determined by valueless material-organizational factors? First, this theoretical challenge of the HPE is formulated in the context of the enactive account of motivated activity. Then, by critically analyzing Schrödinger’s work on the methodological principles that define the scientific world image, it is argued that they can be revised to allow solutions to the HPE. This involves placing a limit on Schrödinger’s principle of understandability. The key move is to operationalize this limit with the concept of irruption: an organism’s motivations can make a physical difference to its bodily activity, but only indeterminately so, akin to a breakdown of its material-organizational constraints. Irruptions can thereby indirectly facilitate behavior-switching as well as long-term self-organization of adaptive behavior. Finally, it is proposed that the efficacy of motivated activity has its own specific energy cost due to the disordering effect of irruptions, which provides a new perspective on agency and the notion of mental work.
Screening of psychiatric morbidity in a male only prison
Authors: Parajuli Sujana
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Psychiatric morbidities such as anxiety and depression are disproportionately higher among prisoners than in general population. Around one in seven prisoners are diagnosed with psychosis or depression. The chronicity of psychiatric morbidities may lead to suicidality among prisoners. Thus, the aim of this study was to screen psychiatric morbidity in a male only prison.

Method: This was cross-sectional analytical study done at Nakkhu Jail in Nepal. A total of 490 prisoners selected by total enumerative sampling were interviewed face-to-face. Modified Mini Screen was used to find out psychiatric morbidities. Data analysis was done using frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Association and correlation between information related to prisoners and environmental variables and psychiatric morbidity were analyzed using Chi-square and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient test respectively.

Result: The psychiatric morbidity was found positive among 10.41% of prisoners. Suicidality was present among 3.47% of prisoners and 3.06% had post-traumatic stress disorder. There was significant association between length of stay in prison (p=0.026), satisfaction on living facilities (p=0.017), regular health check-up (p<0.001), doctor appointment during health problems (p<0.001) and psychiatric morbidity.

Conclusion: About one tenth of prisoners were found positive for psychiatric morbidity. There was significant association between length of stay, satisfaction on living facilities, regular health check-up, doctor appointment during health problems and psychiatric morbidity. Improving living services, early recognition of psychiatric morbidity through periodic health services and treatment in prison may lead to low prevalence of psychiatric morbidity.
Popestritev predavanj o kibernetski varnosti z interaktivnimi računalniškimi simulacijami
Authors: Divjak Saša
Published: May 2023

Prispevek obravnava problem, kako narediti predavanja s področja kibernetske varnosti bolj zanimiva in razumljiva dijakom, študentom in udeležencem kakšnih izobraževalnih tečajev. Rešitev najde v simulacijah in animacijah, ki lahko vizualno ponazorijo dogajanja v računalniških mrežjih, na katera prežijo napadalci. Po kratkem vpogledu v sorodja dela se posveti kiberletom, to je spletnim aplikacijam, ki take simulacije predstavljajo. Delo prikazuje nekaj tipičnih simulacij in v grobem poda ozadje, ki omogoča tudi nadgradnjo z lastnimi primeri.
Iz Islovarja
Authors: Puc Katarina
Published: May 2023

Islovar je spletni terminološki slovar informatike, ki ga že več kot 20 let ureja jezikovna sekcija Slovenskega društva INFORMATIKA. Slovar je javno dostopen za vpoglede in vnašanje novih izrazov. Slovar najdete na naslovu http://www.islovar.org.
EFEKTIFITAS KONSELING KELOMPOK PENDEKATAN REALITAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Yona Senja Rahma , Muslima Muslima , Barmawi Barmawi
Published: May 2023

The purpose of this writing is to find out about group counseling the reality approach in overcoming the low interest in learning at learners. The purpose of this discussion is to see the effectiveness of counseling reality approach group to increase participants' interest in learning students. The type of research that researchers use is the type of research quantitative Pre experimental design one-group pre-test and post-test where an experimental group measured the dependent variable then given treatment and re-measured. Population in In this study, there were 93 students in class VIII. Deep sample In this study, 8 people were taken using a random technique sampling, namely taking samples randomly selected based on the results of the pre-test of interest questionnaires that have low learning interest. Instrument The method used is a questionnaire of students' learning interest. From research what researchers did obtained the results of interest in learning group students experiment when pre-test with a total score of 811 with an average score 101 is in the low category. After being given the posttest value treatment for the experimental group with a total score of 1245 and an average score 156, this value has increased and is in the high category. The results of hypothesis testing indicate that the group counseling approach effective reality to increase interest in learning in students.
Súd Ie – voorjaarsmonitoring 2020 : innovatieve vismonitoring
Authors: van Rijn Jimmy , Huisman Jeroen , Breidenbach Jeroen
Published: May 2023

Het Waddenfondsproject Súd Ie beoogt economie, recreatie en ecologie te combineren en te verbinden. Het project kent drie fasen, in fase 1 en 2 van het uitvoeringsprogramma van het project Súd Ie zijn o.a. vispassages, natuurvriendelijke oevers en paai- en opgroeigebieden aangelegd. Daarnaast worden langs de Súd Ie gelegen (brakke) polders en natuurgebieden hersteld en toegankelijk gemaakt voor diadrome vissoorten. Doelsoorten zijn met name driedoornige stekelbaars en paling. De maatregelen zorgen ervoor dat de deur vanaf het Lauwersmeer open staat en het huis (lees habitat) voor de vis op orde is. Daardoor is een duurzame ecologische verbinding met de Waddenzee in dit gebied hersteld. Door middel van innovatieve monitoring wordt onderzoek gedaan naar het effect van de vismigratiemaatregelen die in fase 1 en 2 van het Súd Ie project zijn genomen. Deze rapportage bevat de resultaten van de pilot monitoring in het voorjaar van 2020, waarbij meerdere locaties langs de Súd Ie onderzocht zijn. Bij de vispassages ter plaatse van de stuw Wetsens, gemaal de Kolk en gemaal Tibsterryd is de intrek van vissen door de passages gemonitord met een fuik. Met behulp van fuiken en kruisnetten is het aanbod van vis bekeken aan de Lauwersmeerzijde bij gemaal Dongerdielen te Ezumazijl. Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd om een eerste indruk te krijgen over de aanwezigheid van vis, voornamelijk de doelsoorten driedoornige stekelbaars en paling, en in welke mate ze gebruik maken van de aanwezige vispassages.
Textüberlieferung und Textkritik der altkirchenslavischen Übersetzung der Homilie «zum Neuen Sonntag» des Gregor von Nazianz
Authors: Bruni Alessandro Maria
Published: May 2023

Der vorliegende Aufsatz bietet eine textkritische Untersuchung der ältesten slavischen (altkirchenslavischen) Übersetzung der Homilie «zum Neuen Sonntag» (Oratio 44 Εἰς τὴν καινὴν Κυριακήν) des Gregor von Nazianz. Ziel des Autors ist es, die Abhängigkeitsverhältnisse zwischen den Textzeugen aus dem 13./14. bis zum 18. Jahrhundert zu bestimmen und das erste stemma codicum dieser Überlieferung zu erstellen. Die Untersuchung ist auf die Methode der Leitfehler gegründet, die allgemein als die zuverlässigste in der Textkritik anerkannt ist. Sie kommt zum Schluss, dass die slavische Überlieferung der «Homilie zum Neuen Sonntag» auf einen einzigen Archetypus (α) zurückgeht, von dem sich drei Zweige abspalten. Wir haben zunächst den Variantenträger β, von dem zwei serbische Abschriften abstammen. Dann haben wir den Variantenträger γ, von dem eine ostslavische Abschrift des Toržestvennik triodnyj sowie alle ostlavischen Handschriften der liturgischen Sammlung der 16 Homilien von Gregor von Nazianz mit den Kommentaren von Niketas von Herakleia abhängen. Hinzu kommt noch die ostslavische Handschrift Q, in der die Kommentare von Niketas getrennt vom Text der Homilien abgeschrieben worden sind und die den dritten Variantenträger darstellt. Was Datierung und Herkunft der Übersetzung betrifft, so wurde sie aller Wahrscheinlichkeit nach spätestens im 10. Jahrhundert in Bulgarien durchgeführt, wofür vor allem die sprachlichen Merkmale (insbesondere lexikalische Archaismen) sprechen. Darüber hinaus beweist die durchgeführte Textanalyse die vollkommene Beherrschung des Griechischen und des Altkirchenslavischen vonseiten des Übersetzers, da Übersetzungsfehler tatsächlich minimal sind.
ANALISIS KEAKURATAN MACD DAN BOLLINGER BAND DALAM MENENTUKAN, SINYAL MEMBELI DAN MENJUAL SAHAM YANG TERDAFTAR INDEKS 30 SUB SEKTOR PERTAMBANGAN PER 2016-2021
Authors: Darman Darman , Nanda Nanda , Ningsih Popy Hutri
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keakuratan metode Moving Average Convergence Divergence (MACD) dan Bollinger Band (BB) dalam menentukan sinyal membeli dan menjual. Sinyal membeli dan menjual didapatkan dari perpotongan garis MACD dan Bollinger Band dengan format standar. Konsep pada penelitian ini adalah : 1) membandingkan rata-rata return antara MACD dan BHAR per sub periode. 2) membandingkan rata-rata return antara BB dan BHAR. 3) membandingkan kinerja antara MACD dan BHAR mana yang lebih akurat. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 perusahaan indeks 30 sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Teknik pengumpulan sampel ini menggunakan purposive Sampling, berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria seperti : 1) perusahaan yang terdaftar indeks 30 Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2016-2021, 2) perusahaan pertambangan yang menghasilkan fundamental terbaik (yang terdaftar indeks 30), 3) Perusahaan pertambangan yang tetap berada di indeks 30, 4) datanya dapat diakses menggunakan aplikasi investing.com. Diperoleh 5 perusahaan yang dapat dijadikan sampel yaitu ADRO, ANTM, PGAS, PTBA dan UNTR. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, normalitas, Independent sample Test dan uji Homogenitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan disaat pasar sedang stabil sebaiknya kita berinvestasi atau BHAR, sebaliknya jika disaat pasar sedang krisis sebaiknya menggunakan analisis teknikal Bollinger BandKata Kunci :Analisis Teknikal, Moving Average Convergence Divergence, Bollinger Band, Buy And Hold Strategy, Sinyal membeli dan menjual
PERAN BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY BAGI PELAKU EKONOMI KREATIF DALAM MENINGKATKAN REVISIT INTENTION WISATAWAN PADA OBJEK WISATA BUKIT LAWANG SUMATERA UTARA
Authors: Zahara Ami Natuz , Prabowo Ari , Wahyuni Etty Sri
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis pengaruh strategi blue ocean oleh para pelaku ekonomi kreatif terhadap revisit intention wisatawan di kawasan Bukit Lawang, Sumatera Utara. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian asosiatif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini yaitu seluruh wisatawan lokal yang berkunjung ke Bukit Lawang, Sumatera Utara yang jumlahnya tidak dapat ditentukan/tidak terbatas. Metode penarikan sampel menggunakan metode nonprobability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling yaitu dimana peneliti mengumpulkan informasi dari yang paling lengkap dan memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan informasi. Parameter sampel adalah wisatawan lokal yang telah mengunjungi Bukit Lawang lebih dari 1 kali, dengan rumus lameshow sehingga jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 100 responden. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara kuesioner dan wawancara. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh secara parsial bahwa variabel raise dan create terhadap revisit intention wisatawan di kawasan Bukit Lawang, Sumatera Utara. Secara simultan menunjukkan bahwa raise dan create terhadap revisit intention wisatawan di kawasan Bukit Lawang. Hasil uji koefisien determinasi diperoleh nilai Adjusted R square sebesar 0,702 (70,2%).Kata Kunci : Raise, Create, Revisit Intention, Creative Economy
Relationship between the microorganisms isolated from septicemic neonates and place of delivery
Authors: Al-Bayaa Yasmeen J. , Ayoub Nedhal S. , Jasim Hiba S.
Published: May 2023

Background: Neonatal septicemia is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide especially so in developing countries. To reduce the mortality caused by neonatal septicemia, it became vital to diagnose it as soon as possible and treat with administration of appropriate antibiotics.Objective: To study the relationship between themicroorganisms isolated from septicemic neonates with place of delivery.Patients and Methods: Blood sample was obtained from 76 neonates (50 of them are born in Baghdad teaching hospital (Inborn), 26 of the babies are born at home or in Al-Elwya teaching hospital (out born) ,the laboratory diagnosis for the out born patients done in the same hospital(Al-Elwya teaching hospital .The aged of the neonates ranged from1 hour-28 days. These neonates are diagnosed clinically (poor feeding, respiratory distress, fever, hypothermia, gastrointestinal and/or central nervous system symptoms) and bacteriologically to have neonatal septicemia.Results:One of the most important neonatal factors predisposing to infection is place of delivery, in our study significant number of babies was had sepsis at inborn group (65.8%) as compared to out born (34.2%). Gram negative bacteria constituted 71% of the total isolates.(28%) of neonates born in Baghdad teaching hospital (inborn) were infected with K. pneumoniae, (24%) of them were infected with S.aureus, and (10%) of them were infected with E. cloacae and P. aeruginosa equally. On the other hand (26.9%) neonates born at home or in any other hospital (out born) were infected with E. coli followed by Enterobacter species (23%).Conclusion: inborn babies were at higher risk for infection with K. pneumoniae and S. aureus, whereas out born babies were at risk of E.coli infection.
Advanced and conventional molecular techniques in the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in patients with respiratory tract infection
Authors: Hassan Muntaha M. , Al-Ouqaili Mushtak T.S. , Mohammed Nidhal A. , Mohammed Omar A.
Published: May 2023

Background:-M. pneumoniae is an important human pathogen that produces community-acquired respiratory tract infection. Diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection is challenging and crucial for the timely initiation of the effective antibiotic therapy.Objective: This study has been undertaken to detect M. pneumoniae in respiratory samples (throat swabs, throat wash and sputum) in patients with respiratory tract infection qualitatively by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Also, more advanced one, real time PCR was used to determine mycoplasmal target gene qualitatively and quantitatively.Patients and methods: The study was performed on Seventy-five patients and thirty healthy subject as control. Genomic DNA was extracted and M. pneumoniae target gene (lipoprotein gene) was amplified using conventional PCR. Negative, positive controls and internal controls were involved in each experimental run. The amplified products were analyzed in 2% agarose gel and visualized using Red safe staining. In real time PCR, specific primer and probe mix depending on TaqMan® principle was used to detect P1 adhesion gene through FAM channel. A fluorogenic probe was included in the same reaction mixture which consists of a DNA probe labeled with a 5`-dye and a 3`-quencher. During PCR amplification Data were analyzed using Smart-cycler software and M. pneumoniae DNA copy number was estimated from the cross point threshold relative to positive standard.Results: Thirty five patients(45.5%) were positive by PCR and Thirty two (42.6 %) were positive by Real-time PCR. The highest rate of infection by using tow molecular methods were of less than 20 years of age. The quantity of M. pneumoniae DNA target gene in positive Real-time PCR were ranged between 10-2000copies/μl.Conclusion: The study concluded that both of molecular techniques conventional and real-time PCR are a rapid, reliable and ideal in diagnosis of M. pneumoniae using throat swabs, throat wash and sputum samples.
Interpreting the loss functions of Artificial neural networks in cancer research
Authors: Rao Karthik
Published: May 2023

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have become a popular tool in cancer research for their ability to learn complex relationships between input variables and clinical outcomes. One of the crucial components of ANNs is the loss function, It measures the difference between the output that was anticipated and the output that was produced. In cancer research, different loss functions are used depending on the nature of the research question and the type of data being analyzed. The optimal loss function is critical to ensure optimal performance of the ANN model. The Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) are used in regression tasks, while Cross-Entropy (CE) is often used in classification tasks. The optimal selection of loss function depends on the specific research question and data being analyzed.
Evolution of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic: mutation-limited or selection-limited?
Authors: Bajpai Srashti , Watve Milind
Published: May 2023

The recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has witnessed the emergence of various virus variants. While the phenomenon of immunity-evading variants is known in other viruses like influenza, there is limited understanding of the ecological and evolutionary processes involved in this succession. Due to the availability of large-scale epidemiological data collected and shared publicly during the Covid-19 pandemic, it becomes possible to explore evolutionary questions that also have implications for public health. We propose multiple alternative hypotheses regarding the origin and spread of these variants and evaluate them based on epidemiological data. Our analysis indicates that the invasion of novel variants is primarily limited by selection rather than mutation. Moreover, the repeated waves observed during the pandemic are not solely caused by the emergence of new variants. Instead, there is a significant overlap between conditions that lead to a wave and those that favor the selection of partially immune-evading variants. This association may contribute to the rise of a new wave alongside the invasion of a new variant. However, the association is not strong enough to support a causal role of the new variant. The dynamic interplay between epidemiological processes and selection on viral variants carries important implications for public health and can guide future policies aimed at effectively controlling infectious epidemics.