bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indium‐Catalyzed Addition of Carbon Units to Acetylenes: Development of a New C—C Bond Formation Toward Exploitation of Chemical Resources
Authors: Nakamura Masaharu
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Activation of Nitrogen Derivatives with Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Lebel Helen , Leogane Olivier , Huard Kim , Lectard Sylvain
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Forming Reactions: Methods and Applications
Authors: Lautens Mark , Alberico Dino , Bressy Cyril , Fang Yuan‐Qing , Mariampillai Brian , Wilhelm Thorsten
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Palladium Catalysts for Asymmetric Hydroamination Reactions
Authors: Hii King Kuok
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Asymmetric Catalysts for Practical Enantioselective Reactions
Authors: Ding Kuiling
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Self‐Assembly of Bidentate Ligands for Combinatorial Homogeneous Catalysis Based on an A—T Base Pair Model
Authors: Breit Bernhard , Seiche Wolfgang
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Developments in the Deprotection of Thioacetals
Authors: Burghardt T. E.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Carbon Sequestration in Reclaimed Minesoils
Authors: Ussiri David A. , Lal Rattan
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Kinetic Isotope Effects in Multiple Proton Transfer
Authors: Smedarchina Zorka , Siebrand Willem , Fernandez‐Ramos Antonio
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Kinetic Isotope Effects for Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer Reactions
Authors: Hammes‐Schiffer Sharon
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Recent Trends in Protease‐Catalyzed Peptide Synthesis
Authors: Lombard C. , Saulnier J. , Wallach J. M.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Biocatalytic Entry to Enantiomerically Pure β‐Amino Acids
Authors: Berbasov Dmitrii O. , Ellis Trevor K. , Soloshonok Vadim A.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Enantiopure β‐Amino Acids via Enantioselective Conjugate Addition
Authors: Liu Mei , Sibi Mukund P.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Amino Acids via Conjugate Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Miller Scott J. , Guerin David J.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Applications of Boronic Acids in Selective C—C and C—N Arylation of Purines
Authors: Strouse J. Jacob , Jegelnik Marjan , Arterburn Jeffrey B.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Benzo[c]quinolizin‐3‐ones: Discovery and Development of Novel Inhibitors of Human Steroid 5α‐Reductase
Authors: Guarna Antonio , Machetti Fabrizio , Occhiato Ernesto G.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Aryl Boronates from Bis(pinacolato)diboron and Pinacolborane
Authors: Matos Karl , Burkhardt Elizabeth R.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydroformylation and Hydrogenation Catalyzed by Perfluoroalkylated Phosphine/Metal Complexes
Authors: Hope Eric G. , Stuart Alison M.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pyrazolino[60]fullerenes: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Langa Fernando , Oswald Frederic
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions at Very Low Temperatures: Gas Kinetics at a New Frontier
Authors: Smith Ian W. M.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Characterization of the Dynamics of Biomacromolecules Using Rotating‐Frame Spin Relaxation NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Palmer Arthur G. III , Massi Francesca
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dynamical Contributions to Enzyme Catalysis: Critical Tests of a Popular Hypothesis
Authors: Olsson Mats H. M. , Parson William W. , Warshel Arieh
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Protein Folding Pathways Studied by Pulsed‐ and Native‐State Hydrogen Exchange
Authors: Bai Yawen
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Early Events in Portein Folding Explored by Rapid Mixing Methods
Authors: Roder Heinrich , Maki Kosuke , Cheng Hong
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Characterizing the Protein Folding Transition State Using ψ Analysis
Authors: Sosnick Tobin R. , Krantz Bryan A. , Dothager Robin S. , Baxa Michael
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Protein Folding—Simulation
Authors: Daggett Valerie
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
GroEL—GroES‐Mediated Protein Folding
Authors: Horwich Arthur L. , Farr George W. , Fenton Wayne A.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Folding and Stability of α‐Helical Integral Membrane Proteins
Authors: MacKenzie Kevin R.
Published: July 2006

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The effect of preflux bath additives on the morphology and structure of the hot‐dip galvanized coatings
Authors: Pistofidis N. , Vourlias G. , Konidaris S. , Pavlidou E. , Stergioudis G. , Tsipas D.
Published: July 2006

The effect of CdCl2, NiCl2 and SnCl2 on the morphology and on the structure of hot‐dip galvanized coatings was examined with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction, when these salts are added in the preflux bath. From this investigation it turned out, that the morphology of the coatings formed after fluxing in a preflux bath containing CdCl2 is very similar to the morphology of the coatings formed in the usual flux, regardless of the concentration of the Cd salt and the solvent used (water or aqueous solution containing 50% ZnCl2.NH4Cl) in the preflux bath. By contrast, Ni enhances the growth of small‐sized crystallites of the zeta‐phase instead of the columnar growth, and finally it results in reduction of the coating thickness. This phenomenon is likely to be affected by the NiCl2 concentration but not by the solvent used (pure water or aqueous solution containing 50% ZnCl2.NH4Cl). Finally, Sn addition seems to be inert with regard to the coating structure. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis, growth and characterization of S‐benzyl isothiouronium chloride single crystals
Authors: Hemalatha P. , Veeravazhuthi V. , Mallika J. , Narayandass Sa. K. , Mangalaraj D.
Published: July 2006

S‐Benzyl isothiouronium chloride single crystals were grown at room temperature by slow evaporation solution growth technique. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction study has been carried out to find the crystal system and unit cell parameters. Various functional groups present in the grown material have been identified using FTIR spectra. The transparency of crystal was tested using UV‐visible spectra. The grown crystal exhibits second harmonic generation (SHG). TGA/DTA analysis also carried out. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High photorefractive sensitivity and fast response time of near‐stoichiometric and MgO doped LiNbO3:Fe crystals
Authors: Chen Shaolin , Liu Hongde , Kong Yongfa , Huang Ziheng , Xu Jingjun
Published: July 2006

Congruent LiNbO3:Fe and LiNbO3:Mg,Fe crystals were grown by Czochralski method, and vapor transport equilibration technique was employed to improve the [Li]/[Nb] ratios of these crystals. The influence of stoichiometry and MgO dopant on the photorefractive sensitivity and response time of LiNbO3:Fe crystals was investigated. Both stoichiometry and MgO dopant can effectively reduce the amount of intrinsic defects, but MgO can also decrease the concentration of Fe2+ ions in Li‐sites. Near‐stoichiometric and MgO doped LiNbO3:Fe crystal has high photorefractive sensitivity and fast response time. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and photorefractive properties of Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals grown by Czochralski method
Authors: Fan Y. X. , Li H. T. , Zhao L. C.
Published: July 2006

In this paper, photorefractive properties of Mg:Ce:Cu:LiNbO3 crystals were studied. The crystals doped with different concentration of Mg ions have been grown by the Czochralski method. Mg concentrations in grown crystals were analyzed by an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OE/MS). The crystal structures were analyzed by the X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐Vis) absorption spectra and infrared (IR) transmitatance spectra. The photorefractive properties of crystals were experimentally studied by using two‐beam coupling. In this experiment we determined the writing time, maximum diffraction efficiency and the erasure time of crystals samples with He‐Ne laser. The results showed that the dynamic range (M/#), sensitivity (S) and diffraction efficiency (η) were dependent on the Mg doping concentration, and the Mg(4.58mol%):Ce:Cu:LiNbO3 crystal was the most proper holographic recording media material among the six crystals studied in the paper. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical absorption and EPR spectral studies of vauquelinite
Authors: Reddy K. Nagamuni , Reddy G. Siva , Reddy S. Lakshmi , Rao P. S.
Published: July 2006

Vauquelinite ‐ a mineral ‐ was investigated by EPR, NIR and optical spectroscopic techniques. EPR studies on powder sample confirm the presence of Cu(II) and Fe(III) impurity in the mineral. Optical absorption spectrum also indicates that Cu(II) impurity is present in rhombically distorted octahedral structure and Fe(III) in octahedral structure. NIR results are due to water fundamentals and phosphate combination tone. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Excitation intensity and temperature‐dependent photoluminescence and optical absorption in Tl4Ga3InSe8 layered crystals
Authors: Goksen K. , Gasanly N. M. , Turan R.
Published: July 2006

Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Tl4Ga3InSe8 layered crystals grown by Bridgman method have been studied in the wavelength region of 600‐750 nm and in the temperature range of 17‐68 K. A broad PL band centered at 652 nm (1.90 eV) was observed at T = 17 K. Variations of emission band has been studied as a function of excitation laser intensity in the 0.13 to 55.73 mW cm‐2 range. Radiative transitions from donor level located at 0.19 eV below the bottom of conduction band to shallow acceptor level located at 0.03 eV above the top of the valence band were suggested to be responsible for the observed PL band. From X‐ray powder diffraction and optical absorption study, the parameters of monoclinic unit cell and the energy of indirect band gap were determined, respectively. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Raised C‐reactive protein levels in patients with recent onset type 1 diabetes
Authors: Picardi A. , Valorani M. G. , Vespasiani Gentilucci U. , Manfrini S. , Ciofini O. , Cappa M. , Guglielmi C. , Pozzilli P. ,   the IMDIAB Group
Published: July 2006

Background

To investigate serum concentrations of high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (CRP) and alpha(1)‐acid glycoprotein (AGP) in patients with T1DM, at diagnosis and after 12 months of intensive insulin therapy (T12).

Methods

CRP and AGP were measured in 44 recent onset T1DM patients (26M/18F, mean age 14.9 ± 9.1 years), and 44 age‐ and sex‐matched controls, using a highly sensitive immunonephelometric assay.

Results

There were no significant differences in the concentrations of high‐sensitive C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) and AGP between patients and controls. hs‐CRP levels significantly increased in patients at T12 compared to the levels at diagnosis [0.69 (0.14–15.5) versus 0.43 (0.14–7.47) mg/L, p < 0.05; for males: 0.77 (0.14–15.5) versus 0.35 (0.14–7.47) mg/L, p < 0.05; for females the increase was not significant]. AGP levels were not different at T12 compared to diagnosis. No significant correlations were found between hs‐CRP and body mass index (BMI), C‐peptide, glycosylated haemoglobin, or insulin dose. A strong correlation was found between hs‐CRP values at diagnosis and those at T12 (ρ = 0.73, p < 0.001); indeed, patients with hs‐CRP levels above the 50th percentile at diagnosis showed significantly increased hs‐CRP values at T12 compared to patients with baseline hs‐CRP levels under the 50th percentile [1.61 (0.18–15.5) versus 0.16 (0.14–1.92) mg/L, p < 0.0001)], and to controls [0.55 (0.14–6.50), p = 0.001].

Conclusions

This is the first report showing that, despite good metabolic control, 1 year of overt T1DM is sufficient to increase hs‐CRP levels, especially in males. hs‐CRP levels at diagnosis is a predictor for the values observed at 12 months, suggesting the possibility to select a subgroup of patients requiring strict follow‐up for cardiovascular complications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Continuous speech recognition without end‐point detection
Authors: Segawa Osamu , Takeda Kazuya , Itakura Fumitada
Published: July 2006

A new continuous speech recognition method that does not need explicit speech end‐point detection is proposed. A one‐pass decoding algorithm is modified to decode the input speech of infinite length so that, with appropriate nonspeech models for silence and ambient noises, continuous speech recognition can be executed without explicit end‐point detection. The basic algorithm (1) decodes a processing block of the predetermined length, (2) backtraces and finds the boundaries of the processing blocks where the word history in the preceding processing block is merged into one, and (3) restarts decoding from the boundary frame with the merged word history. The effectiveness of the method is verified by spoken dialogue transcription experiments. With a 5‐minute dialogue in a moving car, the proposed method gives better results in word accuracy than the results using the explicit end‐point detection method and the conventional one‐pass decoder. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(4): 43–50, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20140
Robust tagging in strange circumstance
Authors: Takauji Hidenori , Kaneko Shun'Ichi , Tanaka Takayuki
Published: July 2006

This paper aims to propose a new scheme for robust tagging for landmark definition in unknown circumstance using some qualitative evaluations based on orientation code representation and matching, which has been proposed for robust image registration even in the presence of changes in illumination and occlusion. The necessary characteristics for effective tags include richness, similarity, and uniqueness, and are considered in order to design an algorithm for tag detection. These qualitative considerations can be utilized to design a simple and robust algorithm for tag definitions in combination with the robust image registration algorithm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(4): 22–32, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20351
Human MICL (CLEC12A) is differentially glycosylated and is down‐regulated following cellular activation
Authors: Marshall Andrew S. J. , Willment Janet A. , Pyż Elwira , Dennehy Kevin M. , Reid Delyth M. , Dri Pietro , Gordon Siamon , Wong Simon Y. C. , Brown Gordon D.
Published: July 2006

C‐type lectins are the most diverse and prevalent lectin family in immunity. Particular interest has recently been attracted by the C‐type lectin‐like receptors on NK cells, which appear to regulate the activation/inhibitory balance of these cells, controlling cytotoxicity and cytokine production. We previously identified a human C‐type lectin‐like receptor, closely related to both the beta‐glucan receptor and the lectin‐like receptor for oxidized‐LDL, named MICL (myeloid inhibitory C‐type lectin‐like receptor), which we had shown using chimeric analysis to function as an inhibitory receptor. Using a novel MICL‐specific monoclonal antibody, we show here that human MICL is expressed primarily on myeloid cells, including granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Although MICL was highly N‐glycosylated in primary cells, the level of glycosylation was found to vary between cell types. MICL surface expression was down‐regulated during inflammatory/activation conditions in vitro, as well as during an in vivo model of acute inflammation, which we characterize here. This suggests that human MICL may be involved in the control of myeloid cell activation during inflammation.
Organotin Compounds as Reagents for the Synthesis of Lanthanoid Complexes by Redox Transmetallation Reactions
Authors: Beaini Samar , Deacon Glen B. , Hilder Matthias , Junk Peter C. , Turner David R.
Published: July 2006

Redox transmetallation reactions between trimethyltin compounds, SnMe3L [L = 3,5‐diphenylpyrazolate (Ph2pz), 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methylphenolate (OAr), or C6F5] and lanthanoid metals have yielded [Ln(Ph2pz)2(DME)2] (Ln = Eu, Yb), [Ln(Ph2pz)3(DME)2] (Ln = Y, La, Nd, Eu), [Ln(Ph2pz)3(THF)3] (Ln = Nd, Sm), [Ln(Ph2pz)3(THF)2] (Ln = Y, Yb), [Sm(OAr)3(THF)], [Yb(OAr)2(THF)3], and [Yb(C6F5)2(THF)4] complexes in yields generally competitive with those from othermethods, and hexamethylditin. The crystal structures of [Nd(Ph2pz)3(DME)2]·DME, [Eu(Ph2pz)3(DME)2]·2DME, and [Sm(Ph2pz)3(THF)3]·3THF were determined. All have nine‐coordination of the lanthanoid atom and three η2‐Ph2pz ligands, the first two also having an η1‐ and an η2‐DME ligand and the last having three THF ligands. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Study of the In Situ Postintercalative Polymerization of Metanilic Anions Intercalated in NiAl‐Layered Double Hydroxides under a Nitrogen Atmosphere
Authors: Wei Min , Tian Xiaofei , He Jing , Pu Min , Rao Guoying , Yang Heli , Yang Lan , Liu Tao , Evans David G. , Duan Xue
Published: July 2006

A new route has been developed for preparing polyaniline (PANI) layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanocomposites through in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of metanilic anions (m‐NH2C6H4SO3–) intercalated in NiAl LDHs under a nitrogen atmosphere by using pre‐intercalated nitrate as an oxidizing agent. The interlayer space of NiAl LDHs has been used as an original nanoreactor for the in situ polymerization of the intercalated monomer. The whole process involves the synthesis of the precursor LDH [Ni2Al (OH)6(NO3)·nH2O], the intercalation of the monomer metanilic anions into the LDH and its in situ polymerization between the layers by thermal treatment under a nitrogen atmosphere. The interlayer polymerization reaction was monitored by thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential thermal analysis (DTA), mass spectrometry (MS), UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, in situ X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, in situ high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction (HT‐XRD) and in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The UV/Vis spectra provide evidence for the polymerization of the intercalated metanilic anions, and an increase in the interlayer distance from 16.0 to 17.2 Å is observed by HT‐XRD. It has been found by the in situ techniques that the pre‐intercalated nitrate anions act as the oxidizing agent that induces the polymerization of the interlayer monomer under a nitrogen atmosphere upon heating at 300 °C. The orientation of the interlayer polymerization product has also been proposed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Amine‐Intercalated Layered SnII Phosphates with Open‐Framework Structures
Authors: Ramaswamy Padmini , Natarajan Srinivasan
Published: July 2006

Three new SnII phosphate materials, [NH3(CH2)3NH2(CH2)2NH2(CH2)3NH3]·2[Sn2P2O8] (I), [(N2C5H14)2][Sn4P4O16]·3H2O (II) and [(N2C5H14)][Sn2P2O8]·H2O (III), have been synthesised by means of hydrothermal methods using N,N′‐bis(3‐aminopropyl)ethylenediamine (BAPEN; for I) and homopiperazine (H‐PIP; for II and III), respectively, as the structure‐directing organic amines. The solids I–III have layered architectures. The structures of all three compounds consist of strictly alternating vertex‐sharing trigonal‐pyramidal SnO3 and tetrahedral PO4 moieties forming infinite layers possessing apertures bound by 4‐ and 8‐T atoms (T = Sn, P). The distorted 4‐ and 8‐membered apertures within the layers suggest the subtle influence of the lone‐pair of electrons of SnII on the structure. The interlamellar space is occupied by the protonated organic amine molecules which interact with the framework through N–H···O hydrogen bonding. The compounds I–III bear some structural relationship to the layered zinc phosphite phases. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Synthesis and NLO Properties of 4‐(4H‐Chalcogenopyran‐4‐ylidene and 4H‐chalcogenochromen‐4‐ylidene)‐1‐(phenylthio)but‐2‐enylidene Complexes – Electronic Influence of the Carbene Fragment
Authors: Faux Nadège , Robin‐Le Guen Françoise , Le Poul Pascal , Caro Bertrand , Nakatani Keitaro , Ishow Eléna , Golhen Stéphane
Published: July 2006

The synthesis of 4‐(4H‐chalcogenopyran‐4‐ylidene and 4H‐chalcogenochromen‐4‐ylidene)‐1‐(phenylthio)but‐2‐enylidene complexes is described and their non‐linear optical (NLO) properties have been investigated (as μβ by EFISH). NMR studies and X‐ray crystallographic analyses show that the (phenylthio)carbene fragment has a better electron‐withdrawing capability than the methoxy analogues and, likewise, the corresponding thiocarbenes have a more significant pyrylium character. The μβ values of these complexes were obtained from EFISH experiments. The microscopic NLO response is sensitive to the nature of the intracyclic chalcogen atom, the nature of the metal centre and the benzo‐annulation of the heterocycle. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Encouraging Chromium(III) Ions to Form Larger Clusters: Syntheses, Structures, Magnetic Properties and Theoretical Studies of Di‐ and Octametallic Cr Clusters
Authors: Talbot‐Eeckelaers Caytie E. , Rajaraman Gopalan , Cano Joan , Aromí Guillem , Ruiz Eliseo , Brechin Euan K.
Published: July 2006

Reaction of anhydrous CrCl2 with the tripodal ligands 1,1,1‐tris(hydroxymethyl)ethane (H3thme), 1,1,1‐tris(hydroxymethyl)propane (H3tmp) and pentaerythritol (H4peol) produces three new CrIII clusters that have been structurally and magnetically characterised. The dimeric complex [Cr2(H2tmp)2Cl4]·2MeOH (1·2MeOH) is generated under reflux. An analogous reaction, but under solvothermal conditions produces the octametallic species [Cr8O2(thme)2(Hthme)4Cl6]·2MeOH (2·2MeOH) and [Cr8O2(Hpeol)2(H2peol)4Cl6]·3MeOH (3·3MeOH). Complex 1 is a simple dimeric species whereas the structures of 2 and 3 are based on the decametallate {M10O28}26– ion. Variable‐temperature direct‐current (dc) magnetic susceptibility data were collected for complexes 1 and 2 in the 1.8–300 K temperature range in fields up to 5.0 T. Complex 1 has a ground state of S = 0 with the best‐fit parameters J = –12.30 ± 0.04 cm–1 and g = 1.990 ± 0.003. Electronic structure calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) on 1 and 2 have been carried out and good agreement with the experimental data was found for 1. For 2, the theoretical results have been used as starting point to fit the J values to the experimental data, revealing the presence of competing antiferromagnetic (J4,7 = –39.0 cm–1; J3,7 = J4,6 = +1.1 cm–1, J4,5 = J3,4 = –20.0 cm–1, J3,6 = –16.0 cm–1 and J1,3 = J1,6 = J1,4 = J1,7 = –4.8 cm–1) exchange interactions between the CrIII centres that suggests a singlet ground state with very close S = 1, 2, 3 and 4 excited states. Magneto‐structural correlations developed on a model complex based on 1 show a strong dependence of J with Cr–O–Cr angle. A similar magneto‐structural correlation is found for the J values obtained by theoretical calculations on 2. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution and Titanocene‐Catalyzed Epoxypolyene Cyclization as a Powerful Tool for the Preparation of Terpenoids
Authors: Gansäuer Andreas , Justicia José , Rosales Antonio , Worgull Dennis , Rinker Björn , Cuerva Juan Manuel , Oltra Juan Enrique
Published: July 2006

Many biologically active substances are composed of sesquiterpene units linked to aromatic structures, especially substituted phenols. Here, we describe an efficient synthetic approach to this class of natural product from commercially available substances in a short sequence. The key transformations involve allylic substitution reactions using a palladium or copper catalyst and titanocene‐catalyzed epoxypolyene cyclization reactions via radicals. The polycyclic core structures are accessed with high chemo‐ and stereocontrol. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Isolated cervical esophageal reconstruction for rare esophageal tumors
Authors: Marin Vincent P. , Yu Peirong , Weber Randal S.
Published: July 2006

Background.

Isolated defects in the cervical esophagus in patients who have not undergone total laryngectomy are uncommon. We report 2 cases of rare esophageal tumors requiring reconstruction of the cervical esophagus after tumor resection.

Methods and Results.

The patients were a 51‐year‐old woman with an esophageal granular cell tumor and a 54‐year‐old woman with an esophageal schwannoma. Both defects were reconstructed with a radial forearm flap. A small subclinical leak developed in 1 patient and healed spontaneously within 2 weeks. At 1 year and 2 years of follow‐up, both patients were consuming a normal diet and had normal voices.

Conclusions.

A thin and well‐vascularized flap such as the radial forearm flap is essential for reconstructing an isolated cervical esophageal defect so as to maximize functional outcome. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Electrical and optical low frequency noises in multimodal
vertical cavity surface emitting lasers
Authors: Principato F , Costa S , Ferrante G , Marin F
Published: July 2006

Experimental investigations of the low frequency noise
of multimode 780 nm vertical cavity surface emitting lasers are
reported. Electrical noise, optical noise and their correlation
have been measured in the frequency range 1 Hz–95 kHz. The
results show that the main contribution to the electrical noise is
located in the distributed Bragg reflector layers of the laser.
The optical power and pump current noise sources are strongly
correlated below and around the threshold, while are weakly
correlated above threshold. It is argued that the noise in the
optical power is due to both free injection carrier noise and
optical gain fluctuations.
An efficient gain-flattened C-band Erbium-doped fiber amplifier
Authors: Harun S W , Abd Rahman F , Dimyati K , Ahmad H
Published: July 2006

An efficient gain-flattened C-band Erbium-doped fibre
amplifier is demonstrated using a double-pass configuration with
an IsoGainTM Erbium-doped fibre (EDF). The amplifier
utilizes a double-propagation of signal provided by an optical
circulator at the output end of the EDF to obtain an improved
flat-gain characteristic. At input signal power of -10 dBm, a
flat-gain of 25 dB was obtained from wavelength region from 1528
to 1568 nm. This amplifier has the potential to be used in the
high channel count dense wavelength division multiplexing system
because of its simplicity and low cost.
Sign inversion of the optical torque on the nematic director
enhanced by anthraquinone dye dopants stable to the light action
Authors: Gayvoronsky V Ya , Yakunin S V , Pergamenshchik V M , Nazarenko V G
Published: July 2006

By analyzing the total and on-axis transmittance of the
laser beam we studied the enhanced light-induced director
reorientation (Jánossy effect) in a nematic liquid crystal
doped with anthraquinone dye molecules that do not have
photoinduced conformational transformations. The obtained
dependence on the angle between the light polarization E
and the initial director n
0 shows: first order director
reorientation (DR) transition with hysteresis for E ⊥
n
0; second order reversible DR transition with the
extremely low threshold intensity for E || n
0;
sign inversion of the nonlinear refractive index and DR in the
intermediate geometry. The data suggest a presence of two
different kinds of dipoles in the system: those absorbing light
and those giving rise to the nonlinear refractive index.
Cover Picture: Macromol. Mater. Eng. 7/2006
Authors: Pattamaprom Cattaleeya , Hongrojjanawiwat Walaiporn , Koombhongse Piyawit , Supaphol Pitt , Jarusuwannapoo Teeradech , Rangkupan Ratthapol
Published: July 2006

Cover: Spinnabilities of electrospun polystyrene nanofibers were quantified by the average value of the % coverages of fibers on the SEM micrographs to investigate the effect of solvent properties to fiber spinnability. The parameter Γ was modeled to represent the spinnability predicted by a force balance equation. Further details can be found in the article by C. Pattamaprom,* W. Hongrojjanawiwat, P. Koombhongse,* P. Supaphol, T. Jarusuwannapoo, and R. Rangkupan on page 840.
Finitely smooth solutions of nonlinear singular partial differential equations
Authors: Yoshino Masafumi
Published: July 2006

We solve a Fuchsian system of singular nonlinear partial differential equations with resonances. These equations have no smooth solutions in general. We show the solvability in a class of finitely smooth functions. Typical examples are a homology equation for a vector field and a degenerate Monge–Ampère equation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Eigenvalue asymptotics for a boundary problem involving an elliptic system
Authors: Faierman M.
Published: July 2006

In a recent paper, Agranovich, Denk, and Faierman developed a method for deriving results pertaining to the eigenvalue asymptotics for scalar elliptic boundary problems involving a weight function under limited smoothness assumptions and under an ellipicity with parameter condition. Denk, Faierman, and Möller then used this method to extend the aforementioned results for the scalar case to the case of a homogeneous elliptic systems. However, the method of Agranovich et al. does not carry over to more general elliptic systems of Agmon–Douglis–Nirenberg type. By employing a different method, we are able to overcome this difficulty, and hence in this paper we derive results pertaining to the eigenvalue asymptotics for more general systems of Agmon–Douglis–Nirenberg type and under limited smoothness assumptions. Furthermore, our results not only subsume those of Denk et al., but are derived under much weaker smoothness assumptions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Real‐Time FTIR Monitoring of the Carbocationic Copolymerization of Isobutylene with Styrene
Authors: Puskas Judit E. , Chan Polly , McAuley Kimberley B. , Kaszas Gabor , Shaikh Sohel
Published: July 2006

The carbocationic copolymerization of isobutylene (IB) and styrene (St) was investigated using real time FTIR monitoring. Depending on the concentration of the individual monomers, and their ratio in the feed, initial rapid monomer consumption was observed. Instantaneous reactivity ratios (rIB(inst) and rSt(inst)) obtained from apparent rate constants of monomer consumption strongly depended on concentration.
New Functional Diblock Copolymers Through Radical Addition of Mercaptans
Authors: Justynska Justyna , Hordyjewicz Zofia , Schlaad Helmut
Published: July 2006

1,2‐Polybutadiene‐block‐poly(ethylene oxide)s were prepared by anionic polymerization and were subsequently modified by radical addition of ω‐functional mercaptans (functional groups: carboxylic acid, amine, ethylene glycol, and fluorocarbon). The degree of functionalization of the products at full conversion of double bonds is 60–80%, and the molecular weight distribution is as narrow as that of the precursor polymer. The modified block copolymers are amphiphilic in nature and form complex aggregates in dilute aqueous solution.
HyperMacs. Long Chain Branched Analogues of Hyperbranched Polymers Prepared by the Polycondensation of AB2 Macromonomers
Authors: Hutchings Lian R. , Dodds Jonathon M. , Roberts‐Bleming Susan J.
Published: July 2006

We describe here a new strategy for the synthesis of polymers with highly branched architectures. The strategy involves the synthesis by anionic polymerization of well‐defined AB2 polystyrene macromonomers with molecular weights from 3,600 to 94,000 gmol−1, which are then converted via a one‐pot polycondensation reaction into high molecular weight, long‐chain (hyper)branched architectures. Since the Hyperbranched structures are built up from condensation Macromonomers we have coined the term ‘HyperMac’ to describe these branched polymers. In this paper we report the synthesis of the HyperMacs, the optimal conditions for the polycondensation reaction and some preliminary characterization studies.
Kinetic Investigations of Self‐Condensing Group Transfer Polymerization
Authors: Simon Peter F. W. , Müller Axel H. E.
Published: July 2006

Hyperbranched methacrylates were synthesized by Self‐Condensing Group Transfer Polymerization (SCGTP) of 2‐(2‐methyl‐1‐triethylsiloxy‐1‐propenyloxy)ethyl methacrylate (MTSHEMA) and characterized by multi‐detector SEC as well as quantitative 13C‐NMR. Kinetic measurements revealed that side reactions limit the molecular weights and lower the polydispersity. A maximum degree of branching of DB ≈ 0.4 and a reactivity ratio, r = k A/k B = 18 ± 5, was determined.
Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization of Unconventional Monomers
Authors: Yagci Yusuf
Published: July 2006

Photoinitiated cationic polymerization of unconventional monomers namely, benzoxazines, monothiocarbonates and macromonomers of poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(ethylene oxide) is described. Ring opening polymerization of benzoxazines and thiocarbonates by direct and sensitized photoinitiation using onium salts was studied. The structures of the resulting polybenzoxazine were complex and related to the ring opening process of the protanated monomer either at through oxygen or nitrogen atoms. In the case of monothiocarbonate, the polymerization was accompanied with isomerization of thiocarbonate group. The potential use of macromonomers in photoiniated cationic polymerization to design complex macromolecular structures such as graft copolymers, water‐borne photoresist materials and networks with dangling chains was presented. Photoinduced oxidative polymerization of thiophene, precursor for conducting polymers, using onium salts was also demonstrated.
The determination of enantiomeric excess of valine by ODESSA solid‐state NMR experiment
Authors: Tadeusiak Elżbieta J. , Ciesielski Włodzimierz , Olejniczak Sebastian
Published: July 2006

The enantiomeric excess (ee) can be determined by many methods; one among them is nuclear magnetic resonance in solid‐state (SS NMR). In this study we used the SS NMR ODESSA experiment for determination of the ee of valine. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evidence from ESR studies for [Co(η‐C2H4)3] produced at 77 K in a rotating cryostat
Authors: Hayton Lynda J. , Mile Brynmor , Timms Peter L.
Published: July 2006

Co atoms were reacted with ethene at 77 K and the paramagnetic products studied by electron spin resonance (ESR) at X‐ and K‐bands. The ESR spectra of the major product at both frequencies showed eight cobalt multiplets (ICo= 7/2) indicating a mono‐cobalt complex. The spectra have orthorhombicgand cobalt hyperfine tensors and were simulated by the parameters;g1= 2.284,g2= 2.0027,g3= 2.1527;A1< − 25 MHz,A2= − 109 MHz,A3= − 198 MHz. Proton and13C (1% natural abundance) hyperfine couplings were lower than the line widths (<2 MHz) indicating less than 0.5 spin transfer to the ethene ligands. We assigned the spectrum to a Jahn—Teller‐distorted planar trigonal mono‐cobalt tris‐ethene [Co(η‐C2H4)3] complex inC2vsymmetry. The SOMO is either a 3dx2−y2(2a1) orbital in a T‐geometry or a 3dxy(b1) orbital in a Y‐geometry but there is only a spin density,a2, of 0.30 in these d orbitals. The spin deficiency of 0.70 is attributed to two factors; spin transfer from the Co to ethene π/π* orbitals and a 4p orbital contribution,b2, to the SOMO. Calculations ofa2andb2have been made at three levels of spin transfer, θ. At θ = 0.00a2is 0.23 andb2is 0.78, at θ = 0.25a2is 0.25 andb2is 0.52 and at θ = 0.50a2is 0.28 andb2is 0.23. The other possible assignment to a mono‐cobalt bis‐ethene complex [Co(η‐C2H4)2] cannot be discounted from the ESR data alone but is considered unlikely on other grounds. The complex is stable up to ∼220 K indicating a barrier to decomposition of ∼50 kJ Mol−1Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
13C assignments of the carbon atoms in the aromatic rings of lignin model compounds of the arylglycerol β‐aryl ether type
Authors: Bardet Michel , Lundquist Knut , Parkås Jim , Robert Danielle , von Unge Sverker
Published: July 2006

The 13C NMR signals from the aromatic ring carbons in a series of lignin model compounds of the arylglycerol β‐aryl ether type in DMSO solution have been assigned. The model compounds investigated are representative of the erythro and threo forms of differently substituted arylglycerol β‐aryl ethers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The coming of age of major giving
Authors: Nichols Judith E.
Published: July 2006

The beginning of the 21st century may well usher in a golden age of major gifts. Not only are those donors born at the beginning of the twentieth century distributing their wealth, but ‘Baby boomers’ and ‘Generation X’ are accumulating significant assets at much younger ages. Each generation appears able and willing to make larger donations to charities. By rethinking major gifts strategy charities can benefit from the increasing wealth and affluence.Copyright © 2000 Henry Stewart Publications.
The five stages of fundraising: a framework for the development of fundraising
Authors: Kay‐Williams Susan
Published: July 2006

Little research has been undertaken on the development of fundraising in charities, as distinct from fundraising activities and methods. This paper arose out of a wider study of the impact of environmental factors on charity fundraising in the early 1990s. By looking at the development of fundraising in charities of all sizes, it became clear that there was a framework for fundraising. Specifically, the principal characteristics of the framework were based on the need for voluntary income and the influence of staff or volunteers in the fundraising process.

This paper outlines the stages in the development of fundraising and their principal characteristics within the context of market orientation and organisation culture theory. It concludes with some implications for fundraising practitioners. Copyright © 2000 Henry Stewart Publications.
Customer‐oriented thinking within the Finnish Lutheran Church
Authors: Vuokko Pirjo
Published: July 2006

This study analyses what preconditions are necessary for customer orientation within the church, and to what extent these preconditions are in place in the case of the Finnish Lutheran Church. A proper intelligence base and organisational preconditions are needed. Within the Church, there is mostly a positive attitude towards customer orientation but defects exist, for example in the intelligence base system, the coordination of congregational operations, and in cooperation with laymen. Copyright © 2000 Henry Stewart Publications.
Promotional message strategies for disability charities' employment services
Authors: Bennett Roger , Kottasz Rita
Published: July 2006

One hundred and eight managers responsible for employee recruitment completed mail questionnaires designed to assess their affective, cognitive and conative reactions to two promotional messages for a disability charity's employment (job‐finding) service. The first message contained a mainly altruistic appeal; the second emphasised the financial and other practical benefits of employing a disabled person. Overall the sample reacted more favourably to the latter communication. Heads of department and general managers found the altruistic message to be significantly less appealing than did personnel or human resources managers. Responses were significantly influenced by a recruiting manager's personal experiences of disabled individuals; by the state of the labour market; and by perceptions (possibly unfounded) that non‐disabled employees within a firm would feel uncomfortable if they were made to work alongside a disabled person. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications
Financing the social economy: a case study of Triodos Bank
Authors: Cowton Christopher J. , Thompson Paul
Published: July 2006

Nonprofit and voluntary sector organisations are taking an increasingly sophisticated approach to their financial management, including their banking requirements. While there have been signs that the mainstream commercial banks have been responding to those needs, recent years have also witnessed a number of initiatives taken by organisations with roots closer to the nonprofit and voluntary sector. One such organisation is Triodos Bank.

This paper seeks to explain what Triodos Bank does, paying particular attention to those unusual features of its operations which are likely to be of interest to managers of nonprofit and voluntary sector organisations. It is suggested thatwhatTriodosdoesisbothinterestinginitself and indicative of ways in which social economy financing might develop in the future. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications
Fundraising in the balance: an analysis of job performance, appraisals and rewards
Authors: Beem Matthew J.
Published: July 2006

Fundraisers have long worked under the notion that performance and evaluation should be separate from and unrelated to compensation. Yet as competition increases for effective and experienced development professionals, an increasing number of practitioners are finding themselves in new compensation arrangements that reward them fully or in part for their performance. The following pages report the results of a survey mailed in July 1999 to 40 fundraisers in Missouri, Kansas and Iowa. Although only seven of the 27 respondents reported current compensation arrangements that pay them fully or partially for performance, 21 reported a preference for such scenarios. What is more, the survey found that those at the top of the largest fundraising operations function under the most nebulous job descriptions and are more eager than others for regular feedback and performance reviews. Finally, survey results show that fundraisers are thoughtful, motivated by tangible and intangible rewards, prefer structure to guide their work, want frequent performance reviews and would like greater uniformity across their profession. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications
Lifestyle segmentation and museum/gallery visiting behaviour
Authors: Todd Sarah , Lawson Rob
Published: July 2006

A number of variables have been used in the quest to understand better who visits museums and art galleries. This paper proposes the use of lifestyle segmentation in an attempt to understand how museum and art gallery visits fit in with other aspects of the visitors' life. Research to date has tended to focus on those who actually visit, but little has been done to enhance an understanding of non‐visitors. Lifestyle studies, undertaken across a representative sample of a population, offer the potential to understand not only those who visit, but also those who do not.

Seven segments result from this lifestyle analysis of New Zealanders, with a significant relationship evident between lifestyle grouping and frequency of visits to museums and art galleries. As each of these lifestyle segments also demonstrates significantly different media characteristics, there are important implications for the placement and tone of promotional messages. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications