bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conceptualization of Socioscientific Issues in Educational Practice from a Review of Research in Science Education
Authors:   Universitat de Barcelona, College of Education, Department of Didactics and Educational Organization, Spain, Alcaraz-Dominguez S. , Barajas M.
Published: May 2021

The pedagogical use of Socioscientific Issues (SSI) in formal education has increased in the last decade, specifically as a way to improve STEM teaching processes and results. However, several theoretical interpretations coexist about SSI in formal education, thus posing a challenge to developing knowledge from practice. An examination of recent papers was conducted to elicit the conceptualizations of SSI in science education research according to three theoretical dimensions of the curriculum: purpose, contents, and teaching and learning strategies. Results show that as for purpose, SSI is currently conceptualized as citizenship education, and scientific literacy or competence. As for contents, SSI is related both to knowledge of science and knowledge about science, as well as some skills such as argumentation. Finally, SSI is associated to pedagogical strategies, mainly Inquiry-Based Learning; and to pedagogical techniques such as dilemmas and group discussions. This conceptualization sets up foundations for the design and evaluation of innovative SSI educational practices. It shall also help to promote new lines of research that establish connections among practical applications of SSI in different subjects, cultural contexts, and educational systems.
Technical Note on Road Safety in Haiti
Authors: Chiavassa Nathalie , Dewez Raphael
Published: May 2021

The IDB has been a predominant partner supporting Haiti development efforts for many years. Nowadays, the IDB is the main source of investment for the country. Considering the vital weight of road transport sector in the socio-economy of the country, the IDB has concentrated a large part of investment efforts in rehabilitating and improving national road infrastructures. In the same time, a rapid increase of motorization and relatively higher speeds have contributed to increasing the number of traffic fatalities and injuries. In 2017, road injuries were the fifth cause of mortality in Haiti. The Road Safety situation of the country is preoccupying with many Vulnerable Road Users involved, in particular pedestrians and motorcyclists. The country is facing multi-sector challenges to address this Road Safety situation. Despite recent efforts, high political will has not been continuous in promoting a multi-sector coordination and the success of technical efforts remained mitigated over the last years. Road user awareness is still weak in the country. Risk factors include dangerous driving, bad safety conditions of vehicles, together with limited law enforcement and poor maintenance of safety devices on the roads. In this context, the Road Safety situation of the country may be getting worse in the coming years if no action is taken. However, the new Decade provides with a unique opportunity to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) including significant progress in reducing the burden of traffic crashes. The IDB has already initiated vital investments in modernizing crash data collection, promoting institutional dialogue and supporting capacity building in the area of Road Safety. Future actions to address Road Safety challenges in Haiti in the framework of the five UN five pillars would require a range of investments in the area of political commitment, institutional coordination and technical efforts. A change of political paradigm from making roads for travelling faster to making roads safer for all users is highly needed at national level. This technical note on Road Safety in Haiti present the current situation of the country and provides with recommendations for future actions on Road Safety.
Estado abierto y Acuerdo de Paz: Un reto para la implementación del Acuerdo Final de Paz en Colombia
Authors: Barón Colmenares Miryam Edith
Published: May 2021

Este libro analiza los mecanismos que contribuyen a la Gobernanza Pública y al Buen Gobierno a partir del concepto Estado abierto y revisa su evolución desde nociones previas como Gobierno en línea (GEL), gobierno electrónico, Gobierno abierto y Gobierno digital. Estos aspectos son examinados en su intersección con los compromisos derivados del Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera suscrito entre el Gobierno nacional de Colombia y las FARC-EP, para estudiar de manera especial el desempeño de municipios que han sido focalizados en Programas de Desarrollo con Enfoque territorial pdet, como muestra significativa de las entidades territoriales con afectación por el conflicto, en relación con factores asociados al Gobierno abierto. El primer capítulo hace una contextualización del Acuerdo Final y se complementa con una primera exposición en torno al Buen Gobierno, la Gobernanza Pública y las características del Gobierno abierto; relacionadas con el derecho a la participación ciudadana, trasparencia, rendición de cuentas e innovación. El segundo capítulo alude a la evolución histórica del gobierno electrónico al seguir las normas que en Colombia llevaron del Gobierno en línea (GEL) al Gobierno abierto y su versión actualizada, el Estado abierto. El tercer capítulo describe de fondo la intersección entre el Acuerdo Final y el Estado Abierto y revisa en detalle el avance de municipios en ese ámbito. El capítulo cuarto profundiza en los mecanismos de participación política implementados para los exintegrantes FARC-EP en el marco del Acuerdo Final.
Maritime Piracy and its Characterization as a Threat: Presence, Type, Arms, Violence, and Ships under Attack between 1991 and 2019
Authors: Rivas Pardo Pablo
Published: May 2021

Maritime piracy is a threat to maritime trade whose contemporary version has been legally addressed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and International Maritime Organization (IMO) and coercively by the UN and EU. The present article analyzes maritime piracy from the Copenhagen School’s theoretical perspective and its application to the International Chamber of Commerce’s annual reports on piracy, whose information ranges from 1991 to 2019. This analysis indicates two increase periods, characterized by presence, type, arms, violence, and ships under attack.
Where did the dance come, or the simplicity of difficult movements
Authors: Markov Alexander V.
Published: May 2021

A recently published book of Irina Sirotkina on the specifics of the dance culture of the twentieth century is under review in this article. This book, compiled as an anthology or textbook, surpasses the objectives of such a manual, being a perfect generalization that takes into account the achievements of anthropology. Sirotkina shows the characteristics of dance as a social phenomenon marking “cultural” social practices, and proves that the 20th century was an era of emancipation, that turned dance from a marker of elitist appropriation into one of the universally relevant semiotic models of culture. The book is not constructed as an introduction to the subject or a consistent presentation of its history, but as a series of problem statements. In particular, the book indicates how Nietzsche’s philosophy influenced the change in body status. Dance is considered not as a form of leisure, but as a form of organization of movement, including labor, with reference to such theorists of proletarian labor as Alexey Gastev. The book analyzes the features of choreography and choreographic pedagogy, and how naturalistic approach, which at the beginning of the 20th century was a mask for emancipation, then itself required certain emotional reinforcements and a support system in the intermedial interactions. The book also shows the socio-political consequences of self-awareness of culture in the form of dance and plastic, and it is proved that ideology of plastic (classicism) now is succeeded by ideology of dance (modernism and postmodernism). At the same time, the author of the book argues that the dance metaphor based on general ideas about movement and the body is strong enough, so that the development of choreography in the 20th century is more lasting than contingent. The article raises the question of whether such a training book can refer to the specifics of dance as a cultural phenomenon of the twentieth century, relying only on the philosophy of dance and the difference between classical and non-classical philosophy in general.
Translation of “Sir Orfeo” into Spanish
Authors: Navarro Jose Antonio Alonso
Published: May 2021

Here we present a translation into Spanish of the medieval English poem titled “Sir Orfeo”, which was composed in the late 13th or early 14th centuries within the WestminsterMiddlesex area. Our main spur has been to disseminate it amongst the modern Spanish-speaking readers due to its literary beauty and its story, a story which is not certainly innovative; however, it is innovative as to the way its author has succeeded in adapting the classical or Ancient Greek myth to the medieval English mindset of the readers or listeners of the time so as to arouse their interest, entertain them and teach them with a didactic purpose. The poem comprises all the elements inherent to a prototypical lay (or lai): a knight-king, a love story, a physical and spiritual quest, the otherworld (or fairyland), and moral and spiritual values which should be taken into account by the audience. We have attempted to make the translation of “Sir Orfeo” into Spanish as faithful as possible regarding the original English poem in order to maintain its literary essence, freshness and character. “Sir Orfeo” was a very popular poem in its time, and there is no doubt that it will become popular again in the 21st century in the light of different perceptions and approaches.
"An ichthyologist doesn’t have to be a fish. Still, it’s nice when he performs like a fish"
Authors: Sirotkina Irina , Maximova Ekaterina
Published: May 2021

Irina Sirotkina – Doctor of Philosophy, a dance historian and an author of the books "Free Movement and Plastic Dance in Russia" (2012)," The Sixth Sense of the Avant-garde: dance, movement and kinesthesia in the lives of poets and artists "(2016),"Dance: the Experience of Understanding" (2019). She practices musical movement (Russian modern dance) and teaches the author's course "Dance and culture of movements in history and in contemporary practice" at the Higher School of Economics.
"FORGET EVERYTHING THAT WAS BEFORE": METATEXTUALITY IN SAMUEL BECKETT’S SHORT STORIES
Authors: Semenchenko Yuriy
Published: May 2021

The article dwells on the self-reflective nature of the Beckett's radical experiments in short prose writing (“Assez”, “Sans”, “L'image”, and “Pour finir encore”). Special attention is paid to the narrative and linguistic markers of metatextuality, in particular, to the discourse deixis, which is correlated with the structural and thematic specifics of the texts under investigation. Each of the above-mentioned short pieces in French demonstrates the awareness about the limits of the language of fiction in different ways. In the short story “Assez” the effect of the craftedness of the storyworld is reinforced by the metatextual metanarrative strategies; the chosen chronotope introduces the idea of the futility of attempts to express anything. “Sans” demonstrates the metadiegetic metanarrative strategies, problematizing thus the ontological status of the represented world; the plot events are replaced by disnarration; the references to the reader are foregrounded by the deictic words. The narrator of “L'image”, whom we consider as alter-ego of the author, is both the subject of the narration and the object of the story told; furthermore, in this story the problem of the completeness/ incompleteness of any text is thematized and commented. Finally, in the short story “Pour finir encore” Beckett abandons the mimetic object directedness in favor of the performative words, hence his need for a listener/reader.
REPRESENTATION OF FEMALE SUBJECTIVITY IN THE NOVELS OF MELA HARTWIG
Authors: Dronova Olga A.
Published: May 2021

The work of the Austrian writer of the 1920s – early 1930s, Mela Hartwig, was rediscovered by the reader in the early 2000s after a long period of oblivion. Interest in Hartwig’s prose is caused by the connection of the problems of her work with contemporary discussions about the nature of female subjectivity. The article analyzes the novels of Mela Hartwig “The Woman is nothing” and “Am I a redundant human being?”, reflecting the identity crisis of her heroines. The reverse pole of the erasing of the personality in these novels is the multiplicity of “Self”, various behavior models that have a character of play or imitation. Reproducing traditional stereotypes about male and female nature, Hartwig at the same time demonstrates their exhaustion. In the context of the German and Austrian culture of the 1920s – the time when the image of an independent “new woman” dominated the mass media, cinema, and literature – Hartwig’s work acted as the antithesis of both the traditional and the new view of women, because both the “new woman” and the “femme fatale” of the turn of the century appear in her novels as masks that do not reflect the true identity of her heroine.
TO THE (GERMAN) LANGUAGE BEYOND THE BINARY: “ALL THIS HERE, NOW” BY ANNA STERN
Authors: Zborovskaya Tatyana V.
Published: May 2021

In German-speaking countries, one could recently notice a rise of significant and remarkable fiction featuring non-binary characters. The article explores how authors tend to designate those characters, and what linguistic tools there are in German to describe them. Apart from that, the article questions about whether practicing gender neutral writing can overcome the practice of gender determined reading, and whether choosing a gender neutral writing strategy could neutralize the gender markers present in the text. It also compares emerging non-binary texts and existing translations of LGBTQI+ literature in Russian (e.g. Steinhöfel, Wittig), gender-normative fiction and verbatim. The emphasis is put on disputable notion of bisexual writing (écriture bisexuelle), developed by Hélène Cixous (“The Laugh of the Medusa”, 1975), both in its neoteric meaning and, according to the contemporary understanding of sex and gender, its controversial form.
“SHADOWLAND STREAMS” BY JOHANNES BOBROWSKI
Authors: Sokolova Yelizaveta V.
Published: May 2021

The paper analyses the structure, content, cultural and historical contexts, and translation strategies of “Tenerechie” (2016 / “Schattenland Ströme” / Shadowland Streams, 1961). The book was prepared for publication by the Russian translator Sergei Moreino and released as part of the “Publishing Programme of the Government of the Kaliningrad Region” for 70th anniversary from its first publication. It presents not only the author’s voice of German poet Johannes Bobrowski (1917– 1965), a native of Tilsit, little-known to Russian readers but also the tale of his fate, firmly embedded in the network of military, political, and anthropological catastrophes of the first half of the 20th century. Three essays on Bobrowski’s work and poetics written by Russian poets and literary critics contribute considerably to this volume.
Assessment of community pharmacists’ communication and comfort levels when interacting with Deaf and hard of hearing patients
Authors: Chong Elizabeth Y. , Jacob Sabrina A. , Ramadas Amutha , Goh Pei H. , Palanisamy Uma D.
Published: May 2021

Background: Deaf and hard of hearing patients who use sign language face considerable communication barriers while accessing pharmacy services. Low comfort-levels between community pharmacists and Deaf and hard of hearing patients result in poor interactions and increase patient safety risks.

Objective: 1) To examine the way community pharmacists interact with Deaf and hard of hearing patients in Malaysia, and their level of comfort in such interactions. 2) To examine how comfort-levels vary by the preferred communication methods, resources and employer support.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among registered community pharmacists practicing in Malaysia. Questionnaire items included comfort-levels of community pharmacists when interacting with Deaf and hard of hearing patients, used and preferred communication methods, necessary resources, and perceived employer’s level of support. Based on the list of registered pharmacies, the questionnaire with a pre-paid return envelope was mailed out while pharmacies close to the university were approached in person. This questionnaire was distributed online using Google Form. Comparisons between comfort-levels and study parameters were analyzed using independent t-tests and ANOVA.

Results: A total of 297 community pharmacists responded (response rate 29.2%). Higher comfort-levels were reported in those who had received between 1 to 5 prescriptions as compared to those who did not receive prescriptions from Deaf and hard of hearing patients (MD= -0.257, SD=0.104, p=0.042). More than 80% used written information and only 3.4% had used the services of a qualified sign language interpreter throughout their community pharmacist career. Significantly lower comfort-levels (p=0.0004) were reported in community pharmacists who perceived training in sign language as a necessity to interact with Deaf and hard of hearing patients (M=3.6, SD=0.9) versus those who were not interested in sign language training (M=3.8, SD=0.6).

Conclusions: The results suggest that community pharmacists were neither extremely comfortable nor averse when interacting with Deaf and hard of hearing patients. The lack of significant findings in terms of comfort-levels may indicate other potential drivers for their choice of communication method when interacting with Deaf and hard of hearing patients.
Narrative reporting
Authors: Czajkowska Katarzyna , Masztalerz Marek , Rep Ana
Published: May 2021

For years financial and management accounting reports were based primarily on “hard” numbers. Extensive written descriptions and explanations were not common in practice. However, in recent decades there has been a significant shift towards “softer” and more narrative communication in accounting. The purpose of the chapter is to identify and describe the determinants of the develop-ment of accounting narratives in practice, and to explain why narratives are gaining importance in accounting communication. The chapter presents the links between accounting and language, the development of accounting narratives and the factors determining the use of narratives.Narratives give economic units the opportunity to explain the situation and the achieved finan-cial results. The use of narratives helps to better meet the information needs of stakeholders. There are still many challenges ahead of narrative financial reporting, such as determining the minimum content of reports, ensuring comparability of reports or the issue of external control of narrative financial reporting.An insufficient application of professional accounting materiality judgment is considered as one of the main causes of disclosing too much irrelevant information and not enough relevant informa-tion. Preparers of narrative reports should be aware that without applying materiality principle the information disclosed in the reports are not considered transparent and stakeholders lose confidence in such companies.
Diplomacia económica: Aproximaciones conceptuales y su aplicación en la política de Xi Jinping hacia el Sur Global
Authors: Rubiolo Florencia , Busilli Virginia S.
Published: May 2021

La economía política internacional (EPI) se focaliza en precisar cómo las estructuras de intereses, poder y finanzas afectan las relaciones económicas entre Estados. Una corriente más reciente de esa literatura se ocupa de la diplomacia económica. El diferencial de este concepto radica en la utilización de instrumentos económicos para perseguir objetivos políticos. Desde finales de los noventa, y con mayor impulso a partir de la crisis de 2008, el ascenso económico y la proyección internacional de China están acompañados por una mayor disposición del uso de herramientas de diplomacia económica en función de objetivos internos y externos. La Iniciativa de la Franja y la Ruta (BRI) es un claro ejemplo de esta articulación, con especial incidencia en las regiones del Sur Global. Este estudio analiza los conceptos vinculados a diplomacia económica para luego profundizar en su articulación con la política exterior de Xi Jinping, y su proyección hacia el Sur Global. Concluye que Beijing intenta desarrollar y proyectar su poder económico a través del BRI, tanto en su periferia, como en el resto del globo. Asimismo, también responde a objetivos de naturaleza doméstica, vinculado a su proceso modernizador.
Transformaciones del sistema internacional en el contexto de pospandemia: oportunidades de consolidación para China y las potencias emergentes
Authors: Ito Ceron Juan Camilo
Published: May 2021

Durante el gobierno de Donald Trump, el otrora incuestionado liderazgo de Estados
Unidos en el sistema internacional se ha desdibujado. La capacidad de EE. UU. Para encabezar los procesos de toma de decisiones acerca de los asuntos más relevantes de la agenda global ha decaído en medio de una crisis del multilateralismo que la administración Trump ha profundizado. El contexto de pandemia ha acentuado los interrogantes sobre la idoneidad de la institucionalidad creada por la Carta del Atlántico y la Conferencia de Bretton Woods. Estos factores han contribuido a la consolidación de potencias emergentes que reclaman un creciente protagonismo en la conducción del sistema internacional. Una de ellas es China, que constituye un gran desafío para la hegemonía de EE. UU. por cuenta de su avasallante crecimiento económico y su poderío comercial a nivel global. En el marco de su estrategia de posicionamiento, Beijing ha establecido alianzas políticas y económicas con Estados de diferentes regiones del Sur Global a través de plataformas de integración como los Brics. En este artículo se analizan los procesos de transformación del sistema internacional suscitados por la pandemia, y se explica en qué medida constituyen oportunidades para la consolidación del liderazgo de los Brics (con énfasis en China).
Active Immunization with Pasteurella multocida Lysate Elicits Antibody that Protects Rabbits against Virulent Pasteurella multocida and Protects Mice by Passive Immunization
Authors: Durairajan R. , Verma Harshit , Prajapati Awadhesh , Abbas Mohammed , Rawat Mayank , Verma Rishendra
Published: May 2021

Background: Pasteurellosis is an economically important disease of livestock worldwide and vaccination is effective mean to control the disease outbreaks. One of alternative method for vaccine preparation could be the use of lytic phages as bacterial inactivating agents and employing “phage lysate immunogen” as an immunizing agent. Therefore, the study was undertaken to explore the protective immune response of novel phage lysate vaccine against Pasteurella multocida. Methods: A phage lysate vaccine of Pasteurella multocida was prepared using isolated lytic phage and subjected to vaccine response study in rabbits. In this experiment, two mouse fixed-dose of lysate was used and the prophylactic efficacies of lysates were evaluated in rabbits by passive mouse protection test (PMPT), western blotting and direct virulent challenge. Result: Passive transfer of antibodies to mice using post-immunization sera of rabbits protected the animals against the challenge with A: 1 strain (75%) and B: 2 strain (50%). In western blotting, a total number of 4 bands were observed in the region between 130 kDa to 25 kDa in the protein of the phage lysate. The study suggested the significance increase in humoral immunity by phage lysate in murine Pasteurellosis.
Characterization of the Luteinizing Hormone Beta (LH-β) Subunit Gene in the Goat
Authors: Olekar Jakeer Husen A , Kumar Ashish , Sharma Ambika , Dev Kranti
Published: May 2021

Background: Luteinizing hormone (LH) plays a critical role in ovulation and maintenance of pregnancy in female and gamete production in male during fertile phase of life. Physiological disturbance of this hormone leads to conditions like delayed ovulation, anovulation, cystic ovarian disease and lack of sexual desire in male. Since, there had been no report of molecular characterization of β-subunit of luteinizing hormone (LH) of Indian goat, the present study aimed to clone and characterize genomic DNA encoding LHβ subunit. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from goat blood and amplified using specific LHβ gene primers. After cloning and transformation, plasmids were isolated from randomly selected white colonies. Presence of insert was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion of plasmids. After confirmation by PCR, plasmids were sent for DNA sequencing. Result: Analysis of sequence revealed an insert of 1006 bp size as expected. Comparison of nucleotide sequence revealed the cloned gene to be is LHβ encoding 141 amino acids. It showed 97.3 and 91.7% similarity with sheep and cattle respectively. Inferred amino acid sequence showed absolute similarity (100%) with sheep and buffalo. The common and essential features such as twelve cysteine molecules, a single potential N-glycosylation site, the CAGY region and another tetrapeptide CGPC are all found in the goat sequence too.
Mapping floristic diversity: a case study in Sicily
Authors: Bazan Giuseppe , Baiamonte Giuseppe , Marino Pasquale , Schicchi Rosario
Published: May 2021

This paper presents an operational methodology to map and analyze the floristic richness of “target species” in Natura 2000 sites, making use of G.I.S. tools and procedures. A Floristic diversity map (scale 1:50,000), covering an area of 612 km2, was produced by a team of experts as part of the management plans of “Madonie Mountains” Sites of Community Importance (SCIs), located in Sicily (Italy). The primary grid map represents the richness of “target species”, which include species of Community interests, taxa on the National Red List, endemic and threatened, species protected under International Conventions, taxa of phytogeographic importance. Secondary data frames include a three-dimensional map representing the number of species present in each cell, a coarser species richness distribution (scale 1:400,000) and a reference map of endemism rate in the Mediterranean area. Such a cartographic document has proven to be an effective tool in biodiversity conservation planning. Furthermore, the knowledge of floristic richness and distribution is not only important for the management of protected areas, but it is also important for the sustainable management of cultural landscapes.
Determinación de selenio en caprinos de la localidad de Peldehue, en la región metropolitana de Santiago de Chile
Authors: Rodríguez Latorre Constanza Andrea , Flores Olivares Carlos Andrés , Luján Fernández Eduardo
Published: May 2021

El selenio (Se) es un componente indispensable dentro de los sistemas antioxidantes del organismo animal, lo que permite su correcto mantenimiento y desarrollo. Por este motivo, su deficiencia se encuentra relacionada con una serie de trastornos oxidativos, que se traducen en una mala salud, reproducción y rendimiento productivo en general. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el balance metabólico nutricional de Se, a través de la medición de las concentraciones sanguíneas del mineral en un establecimiento rural ubicado en la zona central de Chile, en donde existen antecedentes de episodios de mortandad compatibles con su deficiencia. Para esto, se tomaron muestras sanguíneas de caprinos pertenecientes al establecimiento (n = 32), las cuales fueron analizadas mediante espectrofotometría de absorción atómica en el laboratorio de bioquímica de la Estación Experimental Agropecuaria del Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, ubicado en Balcarce, Argentina. Se obtuvo un promedio de Se sanguíneo de 34,16 ± 14,81 ppb, en donde el 100 % de los animales analizados presentaron valores inadecuados para la especie. En el caso de los caprinos juveniles (n = 5), se obtuvo un promedio de 18,48 ± 8,51 ppb. En el ganado adulto (n = 27), los valores bordearon concentraciones de 8,12 y 63,35 ppb. Se concluye que existe una deficiencia de Se crítica en los animales muestreados pertenecientes al establecimiento ubicado en la zona central de Chile
Percepción universitaria sobre el cuidado responsable de animales de compañía en Costa Rica
Authors: Alfaro-Mora Ramsés , Román-Hernández Alejandro , Tames-Jiménez Pablo , Sánchez-Mora Fabiola , Fuentes-Espinoza Tatiana
Published: May 2021

El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el conocimiento que tienen los universitarios sobre el manejo responsable de mascotas en sus hogares. Se realizó un estudio transversal a la población universitaria, cuyo tamaño muestral fue estimado en 369 personas, aunque se encuestaron a 393 estudiantes. El 99 % de los sujetos reporto tener mascotas, y el perro fue el animal más común dentro de los hogares. El método de desparasitación más comúnmente utilizado fue el de uso interno 59,6 %. Las mascotas son desparasitadas más comúnmente cada 3 meses. Se encontró que es más probable que los hombres en posesión de una mascota la lleven al veterinario con respecto a las mujeres y el 65,3 % de los encuestados reporta que sus mascotas duermen dentro del hogar. Este es el primer estudio en Costa Rica que muestra la forma en que los poseedores de mascotas conviven y cuidan de ellas. La mayoría de los sujetos no conoce el desparasitante que aplica en sus mascotas. Es necesario reforzar la educación en los propietarios para que conozcan más sobre los productos que utilizan en sus mascotas y quién los está recomendando, así como las implicaciones de una correcta higiene en ellas
KERSEN LEAF EXTRACT OINTMENT DECREASE BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS AND MIGRATION POLYMORPHONUCLEAR CELLS IN HYPERGLYCEMIC MICE
Authors: Ginting Gerda Ivana Niniarta , Jayawardhita Anak Agung Gde , Dharmawan Nyoman Sadra
Published: May 2021

Luka penderita hiperglikemia digolongkan sebagai luka kronis. Dalam tubuh terdapat sistem imun yang dapat melawan benda asing yang masuk ke dalam tubuh yaitu sel-sel leukosit. Penyembuhan luka dapat dilakukan dengan pengobatan tradisional seperti penggunaan salep ekstrak daun kersen. Daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L) diketahui memiliki beberapa kandungan senyawa yang berfungsi sebagai antidiabetik dan antiinflamasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh salep ekstrak daun kersen terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan jumlah sel polimorfonuklear. Objek penelitian menggunakan mencit (Mus musculus) berjumlah 24 ekor yang dibuat hiperglikemi dengan diinduksi aloksan dengan dosis 150 mg/kg BB, kemudian dilakukan insisi dan diberi perlakuan salep ekstrak etanol daun kersen konsentrasi 30%, 40% dan 50% pada luka insisi mencit. Kemudian dilakukan pengukuran kadar glukosa darah serta jumlah sel polimorfonuklear yang diamati melalui mikroskop. Hasil data penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data uji Parametrik metode One Way Anova, kemudian bila terjadi perbedaan maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Namun jika data tidak terdistribusi normal, maka data dianalisis menggunakan uji Non Parametrik metode Kruskal Wallis. Hasil yang didapat bahwa salep ekstrak daun kersen dengan konsentrasi 30%, 40%, dan 50% berpengaruh terhadap penurunan kadar glukosa darah serta dengan konsentrasi 40% dan 50% secara topikal berpengaruh terhadap penurunan migrasi sel polimorfonuklear (PMN).
COVID-19 Health Evidence Summary No.108
Authors: Millington Kerry , Reddin Samantha
Published: May 2021

This weekly COVID-19 health evidence summary (HES) is based on 3.5 hours of desk-based research. The summary is not intended to be a comprehensive summary of available evidence on COVID-19 but aims to make original documents easily accessible to decision-makers which, if relevant to them, they should go to before making decisions. This summary covers publications on Clinical characteristics and management; Epidemiology and modelling; Testing; Therapeutics; Vaccines; Comments, Editorials, Opinions, Blogs, News; Dashboards & Trackers; C19 Resource Hubs; and Online learning & events
Humanitarian Evidence Summary No.12
Authors: Kelly Luke
Published: May 2021

This is the 12th monthly Humanitarian Evidence Summary (HUMES) to signpost FCDO and other UK government departments to the latest relevant evidence and discourse on humanitarian action to inform and support their response. It is the result of 1 day of work per month and is not intended to be a comprehensive summary of available evidence on humanitarian action but aims to make original documents easily accessible to decision-makers that, if relevant to them, they could refer to before making decisions. This summary covers publications on Enhancing protection and humanitarian access; Needs assessment and analysis; Accountability to affected populations; Cash programming; Managing risk better, preparedness and anticipation; Other; and Resource Hubs.
The Green Revolution and Poverty in Northern Tamil Nadu: a Brief Synthesis of Village-Level Research in the Last Half-Century
Authors: Harriss-White Barbara
Published: May 2021

Between 1972 and 2014, in Northern Tamil Nadu (NTN), India, the Green Revolution (GR) in agriculture was studied through five rounds of village-level studies (VLS). Over the decades, the number of villages dwindled; from 11, rigorously and randomly selected (together with a ‘Slater’ village first studied in 1916), through to a set of three villages in a rural–urban complex around a market town, to one of the original eleven, in the fifth round. During the reorganisation of districts in 1989, the villages sited on the Coromandel plain shifted administratively from North Arcot, a vanguard GR district, to Tiruvannamalai, described then as relatively backward. A wide range of concepts, disciplines, scales, field methods and analytical approaches were deployed to address i) a common core of questions about the economic and social implications of technological change in agriculture and ii) sets of other timely questions about rural development, which changed as the project lengthened. Among the latter was poverty.
Design and Testing of the TeamIndus ECA Lunar Rover Navigation and Control
Authors: Vatsal Vishesh , Bhargav Venkat
Published: May 2021

TeamIndus’ Lunar Logistics vision includes multiple lunar missions over the coming years to meet requirements of science, commercial and efforts towards building readiness for crewed missions to Mars in the global exploration roadmap. TeamIndus is the only Indian team that participated in the Google Lunar X Prize. The challenge called for privately funded spaceflight teams to be the first to land a robotic spacecraft on the Moon, travel 500 meters, and transmit back high-definition video and images. The first mission is expected to have a net landed payload capacity of 50 kg. The prime objective is to demonstrate autonomous lunar landing, and operations for a Surface Exploration Rover - to collect data in the vicinity of the landing site. The rover is designed to execute the commands given by the operations manager autonomously. The rover software architecture relevant to the navigation and control is described in detail. The functional modes are defined to functionally distinguish the rover drive. Among the various operations performed by the rover are execution of simple drive steps through navigation and control algorithms. The kinematic model of the rover is studied in the hardware locomotion tests performed. The Kalman filter formulation to estimate the sensor bias and to get attitude estimate is discussed. The structural model and the frame definitions are described in a relevant section. A simple heading control algorithm is designed to control the heading direction of the rover according to the operations requirement. The path planning process and visual odometry processes are described. Finally the SIMULINK$^{\textregistered}$ model is tested on the prototype rover and the test experience results are discussed in the last section.
Action and Entropy in Heat Engines: An Action Revision of the Carnot Cycle
Authors: Kennedy Ivan Robert , Hodzic Migdat
Published: May 2021

Despite the remarkable success of Carnot’s heat engine cycle in founding the discipline of thermodynamics two centuries ago, false viewpoints of his use of the caloric theory in the cycle still linger, limiting his legacy. An action revision of the Carnot cycle can correct this, showing that the heat flow powering external mechanical work is compensated internally with configurational changes in the thermodynamic or Gibbs potential of the working fluid, differing in each stage of the cycle quantified by Carnot as caloric. Action (@) is a property of state having the same physical dimensions as angular momentum (mrv=mr2ω). However, this property is scalar rather than vectorial, including a dimensionless phase angle (@=mr2ωδφ). We have recently confirmed with atmospheric gases that their entropy is a logarithmic function of the relative vibrational, rotational and translational action ratios with Planck’s quantum of action ħ. The Carnot principle shows that the maximum rate of work (puissance motrice) possible from the reversible cycle is controlled by the difference in temperature of the hot source and the cold sink, the colder the better. This temperature difference between the source and the sink also controls the isothermal variations of the Gibbs potential of the working fluid, that Carnot identified as reversible temperature-dependent but unequal exchanges in caloric. Importantly, the engine’s inertia ensures that heat from work performed adiabatically in the expansion phase is all restored to the working fluid during the adiabatic recompression, less the net work performed. This allows both the energy and the thermodynamic potential to return to the same values at the beginning of each cycle, a point strongly emphasized by Carnot. Our action revision equates Carnot’s calorique, or the non-sensible heat later described by Clausius as ‘work-heat’ exclusively to negative Gibbs energy (-G) or quantum field energy. This action field complements the sensible energy or vis-viva heat as molecular kinetic motion and its recognition should have significance for designing more efficient heat engines or better understanding of the heat engine powering the Earth’s climates.
Dietary Supplements in Combination with Conventional Medicine among People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Ferorelli Pasquale , Antonelli Francesco , Shevchenko Anna , Doepp Manfred , Lenzi Stefano , Borromeo Ilaria , Beninati Simone
Published: May 2021

Despite recent advances in immune-modulatory drugs, pharmacological therapies have been proven ineffective in severe presentations of multiple sclerosis (MS), including secondary progressive MS. At present, therapeutic interventions' performance is primarily focused on ameliorating symptoms to improve the patient's quality of life. Among complementary treatments, nutrition has been considered a decisive factor to control symptoms and enhance the wellness of MS patients. Although no special diets are associated with MS, the impact of diet and dietary supplements on the course of progressive forms of the disease have been studied during the last years. Fatigue is among the most common and disabling symptoms reported by MS patients. Fatigue has been defined in the Multiple Sclerosis Council for Clinical Practice Guidelines (MSCCPG, 1998) as a "subjective lack of physical and/or mental energy that the individual perceives as an interference with habitual and desired activities". This study aimed to compare the psychometric functioning of the "Fatigue Severity Scale" (FSS) and the "Modified Fatigue Impact Scale" (MFIS) in our sample of people with MS. Specifically, during chronic treatment, the change in these two parameters with two vitamin-rich dietary supplements (Citozym® and Ergozym®) was evaluated. The impact of these nutritional supplements revealed differences in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory parameters between treatment groups with subsequent improvement in fatigue. In conclusion, the results obtained have confirmed the effectiveness of complementary nutritional therapies, evaluated essentially based on hematological biomarkers, through which it is possible to act on disability to improve the quality of life of MS patients.
Alternative Promoter use Governs the Expression of IgLON Cell Adhesion Molecules in Histogenetic Fields of the Embryonic Mouse Brain
Authors: Jagomäe Toomas , Singh Katyayani , Philips Mari-Anne , Jayaram Mohan , Seppa Kadri , Tekko Triin , Gilbert Scott F , Vasar Eero , Lilleväli Kersti
Published: May 2021

The members of the IgLON superfamily of cell adhesion molecules facilitate fundamental cellular communication during brain development, maintain functional brain circuitry, and are associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Usage of alternative promoter-specific 1a and 1b mRNA isoforms in Lsamp, Opcml, Ntm and the single promoter of Negr1 in the mouse and human brain has been previously described. To determine the precise spatiotemporal expression dynamics of Lsamp, Opcml, Ntm isoforms and Negr1, in the developing brain, we generated isoform-specific RNA probes and carried out in situ hybridization in the developing (embryonic, E10.5, 13.5, 17; post natal, P0) and adult mouse brains. We show that promoter-specific expression of IgLONs is established early during pallial development (at E10.5), where it remains throughout its differentiation through adulthood. In the diencephalon, midbrain and hindbrain, strong expression patterns are initiated a few days later and begin fading after birth, being only faintly expressed during adulthood. Thus, the expression of specific IgLONs in the developing brain may provide the means for regionally specific functionality as well as for specific regional vulnerabilities. The current study will therefore improve the understanding of how IgLON genes are implicated in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders.
Surprising Drought Tolerance of Fir (Abies) Species between Past Climatic Adaptation and Future Projections Reveals New Chances for Adaptive Forest Management
Authors: Mátyás Csaba , Dostál Jaroslav , Beran František , Čáp Jiří , Fulín Martin , Vejpustková Monika , Božič Gregor , Balázs Pál , Frýdl Josef
Published: May 2021

Research Highlights: Data of advanced-age provenance tests were reanalyzed applying a new approach, to directly estimate the growth of populations at their original sites under individually generated future climates. The results reveal surprisingly high resilience potential of fir species. Background and Objectives: The growth and survival of silver fir under future climatic scenarios is insufficiently investigated at the xeric limits. The selective signature of past climate determining the current and projected growth was investigated to analyze the prospects of adaptive silviculture and assisted transfer of silver fir populations, and of the introduction of non-autochthonous species. Materials and Methods: Hargreaves’ climatic moisture deficit was selected to model height responses of adult populations. Climatic transfer distance was used to assess the relative drought stress of populations at the test site, relating these to the past conditions to which the populations had adapted. ClimateEU and ClimateWNA pathway RCP8.5 data served to determine individually past, current, and future moisture deficit conditions. Beside silver fir, other fir species from South Europe and the American Northwest were also tested. Results: Drought tolerance profiles explained the responses of transferred provenances and predicted their future performance and survival. Silver fir displayed significant within-species differentiation regarding drought stress response. Applying the assumed drought tolerance limit of 100mm relative moisture deficit, most of the tested silver fir populations seem to survive their projected climate at their origin until the end of the century. Survival is likely also for transferred Balkan fir species and for grand fir populations, but not for the Mediterranean species. Conclusions: The projections are less dramatic than provided by usual field assessments. Some results contradict generally accepted concepts. The method fills the existing gap between experimentally determined adaptive response and the predictions needed for management decisions. It also underscores the unique potential of provenance tests.
Feminist and transfeminist ciberativisms in Brazil
Authors: Nascimento Ana Paula Leite , Cruz Maria Helena Santana
Published: May 2021

The study exposes the picture of feminist and transfeminist cyberactivisms, particularizing the Brazilian experience. In this attempt, he portrayed the relationship between feminisms, transfeminisms and cyberactivisms; inventorized feminist and transfeminist pages and virtual communities in Brazil; and ascertained the growth rate in the creation of feminist and transfeminist virtual communities. It was referred to in a survey on the social networks of Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, as well as in the Google Trends database. It was classified as feminist research, based on bibliographic research and field research. In the investigation, profiles, pages and virtual feminist and transfeminist communities were mapped, as a contribution and scenario of cyberactivisms in Brazil, demarcating percentages of creation and reach of popularity.
Effects of Social Determinants of Health in Progression to Type 2 Diabetes
Authors:   ,   University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Ariganjoye Folabi
Published: May 2021

The prevalence of prediabetes and diabetes in the United States and around the world has increased faster than expected in the last 30 years. The economic burden this costs a nation can be astronomic both in terms of expense and loss in productivity. One-third of U.S. adults, 86 million people, have prediabetes. Effective management is needed that can reach these 86 million, and others at high risk, to reduce their progression to diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. After the literature review, there was not enough literature to support how these led to the progression to diabetes. The abundant literature is centered on how to prevent complications and improve the quality of life of those living with type 2 diabetes. This paper will focus on the longitudinal association between these social determinants and how they may predispose to the progression to Type 2 diabetes.
The “Y” Double Spiral Cord: An Anatomic Variant of Dupuytren Disease
Authors: Hubbard James , Li Sean S. , Chauhan Aakash , Abrams Reid
Published: May 2021

Case:

We report 2 cases of a spiral nerve variant that has only 1 previously reported description in the literature. A pretendinous cord was found to branch into a “Y” configuration, extending distally on both the radial and ulnar sides of the same digit, with the radial and ulnar digital nerves spiraling around each limb of the “Y cord”.

Conclusion:

Rare spiral nerve variants exist which place the digital neurovascular bundles (NVBs) at risk. Awareness of these variants and adherence to conservative surgical principles allow the surgeon to identify these scenarios intraoperatively and safely dissect the digital NVBs free of pathologic tissue.