bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jaime Guzmán, Gremialismo, and the Ideological Origins of the 1980 Constitution
Authors: Castro José Manuel
Published: February 2024

This article seeks to understand the ideological origins of the 1980 Constitution, examining the role that Jaime Guzmán and his movement, gremialismo, played in defining the central concepts that characterized Chile’s new authoritarian order. It argues that both the definition of a new “protected democracy” and the establishment of a “Subsidiary State” integrated the conceptual proposal that Guzmanian gremialismo had formulated ever since its foundation in 1967 and until the military coup d’état in 1973. Divided into four sections, the article first explores the ideological definitions of this early phase of gremialismo. Next, it reviews Guzmán’s position on whether the Chilean dictatorship should follow a transformational vocation, and delves into the gremialistas’ concepts of democracy and the State. Understanding gremialismo in its own terms allows us to rethink both the democratic—or anti-democratic— character of Guzmán’s political project, as well as the relationship between the idea of “Subsidiary State” and neoliberalism.
International Criticism and the Legitimation of Chile’s Authoritarian Democracy
Authors: Kandler Philipp
Published: February 2024

This article examines how the Chilean military dictatorship utilized its constitutional process to defend itself against international criticism of its very legitimacy and stark human rights violations. By bringing to the fore the discussions held at highest echelons of the regime, the article indicates how the Constitution of 1980 was mobilized by the regime at different times as part of an effort to neutralize threats of international isolation and economic embargo. Moving chronologically, my analysis focuses on the distinctive strategies applied by Augusto Pinochet’s regime, evolving from denying human rights violations entirely to tactically admitting “excesses,” and then gradually turning the constitutional process—which was to secure Chile’s return to being a normative parliamentary democracy—into the centerpiece of Chile’s diplomatic strategy. Furthermore, the article clarifies that despite the ratification of the constitution in a national plebiscite in 1980, international campaigns against the regime did not stop. Thus, against the background of Chile’s economic crisis in 1982, Chile saw a renewed effort to propagate on the international scene its so-called process of “institutionalization” abroad.
Italianos en Rosario. Un perfil demográfico y ocupacional (1870-1914)
Authors: FRID DE SILBERSTEIN CARINA
Published: February 2024

La experiencia inmigratoria en Argentina fue compleja y diversa. El presente estudio se propone examinar el caso de la inmigración italiana a la ciudad de Rosario (1870-1914), es decir, un ámbito urbano cuyo tejido social estaba atravesando un significativo cambio socio-económico contemporáneamente al arribo de la inmigración transatlántica. En particular, el trabajo intenta explorar cómo operaron los patrones demográficos, ocupacionales y migratorios de los italianos en su proceso de inserción dentro de dicho contexto urbano.
Etnicidad e inmigración durante el primer peronismo
Authors: Senkman Leonardo
Published: February 2024

La reapertura de la inmigración europea de posguerra por el primer gobierno peronista en 1946 puso fin a su interrupción drástica desde 1930, arrojando un saldo neto de 463.456 personas ingresadas vía ultramar (2a. y 3a. clase) entre 1947 y 1951, las cifras más elevadas de los últimos treinta años. Esta inmigración masiva muestra toda su magnitud - a pesar de que no logró el objetivo declarado de incorporar 4 millones de extranjeros - cuando se la compara con el saldo de apenas 33.655 pasajeros correspondiente a los ingresados por todas las vías durante el quinquenio 1942-46.
A Imigração Espanhola no Brasil. Estado do fluxo migratório para o Estado de São Paulo (1931-1936)
Authors: BELLOTTO MANOEL LELO
Published: February 2024

A produção de estudos sobre a emigração espanhola para a América tem sido incrementada nos anos recentes, em decorrência do interesse intrínseco do próprio tema, da sistemática realização de Congressos internacionais e, finalmente, como resultado da proximidade das comemorações referentes ao Quinto Centenário da integração da América á civilização ocidental, por obra e ação de Espanha e Portugal.
Literatura hispanoamericana - Herramienta de acercamiento cultural en la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera
Authors: Sitman Rosalie , Lerner Ivonne
Published: February 2024

Una mirada restrospectiva al estudio de lenguas extranjeras nos revela que, mucho tiempo atrás, el objetivo de aprender un idioma extranjero consistía en que el alumno fuera capaz de leer las grandes obras de la literatura de la lengua en cuestión en su idioma original. Más adelante, cuando el audiolingualismo se volvió dominante, la literatura fue extraída del programa de estudios de lenguas extranjeras, pues se la consideraba superflua en el proceso de la adquisición de un idioma.
Del cine-guerrilla a lo "grotético": La representación cinematográfica del latinoamericanismo en dos films de Fernando Solanas: La hora de los hornos y El viaje
Authors: Tal Tzvi
Published: February 2024

Todos los films del director argentino Fernando Solanas encaran problemas nacionales argentinos. Las ideas latinoamericanistas, en cambio, han sido expresadas únicamente en La hora de los hornos (Argentina, Solanas y Getino, 1968) y El viaje (Argentina, Solanas, 1992). Es mi intención explicar el resurgimiento de la representación cinematográfica del pensamiento latinoamericanista en esta última película, considerándola como una práctica estética subversiva, característica de la cultura posmoderna que se desarrolla bajo el proceso de la globalización económica.
Kajian pustaka kualitas hujan buatan untuk mengatasi krisis air bersih: tinjauan pada beberapa parameter
Authors: Agustin Dhini , Santoso Fadhila Zahra , Sajidah Salmaa Nabiilah , Priyandoko Didik , Surtikanti Hertien Koosbandiah
Published: February 2024

Water is the most important substance needed by living things apart from air. Long droughts have serious impacts on society and the environment resulting in a lack of clean water supply, both in terms of quality and quantity. The purpose of the article is to contribute to a better understanding of overcoming the clean water crisis by utilizing artificial rain. The method of writing this article is a literature study on several journals and previous articles to obtain data and information to review experiences that have been successfully carried out in previous studies. The parameters used are pH, DHL, Sulfate, and Ca. Based on the study data, the pH is 6-8 which is still safe for drinking water consumption and fisheries, the DHL parameter is not recommended for drinking water consumption because it contains electric charge and is not recommended for agriculture and fisheries because it has high DHL levels. Sulfate is considered safe because it has low levels. In general, the presence of sulfate does not have a significant impact on health because the nature of sulfate ions is quite stable and does not react easily.   Both high and low Ca levels are still considered unsafe. Only pH and Sulfate levels are classified as safe for agriculture, fisheries, and as drinking water.
Environmental ethics of Kuta traditional village community in preserving the environment and its future prospects
Authors: Nisa Ainun , Surtikanti Hertien Koosbandiah
Published: February 2024

Environmental conservation is a major global issue, with Indonesia ranking low in the Environmental Performance Index 2022. This study focuses on Kampung Adat Kuta, a community in Ciamis, West Java, which upholds local wisdom in maintaining the balance of nature as one of the sustainable environmental ethics and its future prospects. The methods used in this research are literature study and bibliometric analysis. The results show that customary rules, such as respecting sacred forests, building houses according to the rules of the ancestors, and the prohibition of making wells, reflect local wisdom that supports environmental conservation. The people of Kampung Adat Kuta also uphold the concept of "pamali" as a norm to prevent potential environmental hazards. In addition, the results of bibliometric analysis show that the prospect of research related to environmental ethics in the community of Kampung Adat Kuta is still very broad. The bibliometric analysis resulted in four thematic clusters that reflect the complexity of environmental ethics issues in Kampung Adat Kuta involving aspects of sustainability, local values, and community participation. Overall, environmental ethics in Kampung Kuta help maintain the balance of nature and make a positive contribution to the sustainability of natural resources. Although further research is needed, these findings highlight the importance of local values in responding to the challenges of the environmental crisis and offer valuable insights for the development of environmental conservation policies at the local and national levels.
Analysis of independent city concept in reclamation area PIK 1 & PIK 2 based on community, government, and private sector role
Authors: Marsella Miranda Hetu , Putra Putu Adhitya Dita
Published: February 2024

Reclamation is part of spatial planning to make coastal areas more useful, as well as to increase land resources from an environmental, social and economic point of view. The development of the PIK (Pantai Indak Kapuk) 1 and 2 reclamation areas is a concept of a sustainable Independent City. The role of the community, government and private sector plays an important role in developing the region. It is also necessary to pay attention to the environmental impact caused by reclamation activities. This study uses qualitative and quantitative methods with a descriptive analysis approach by collecting data from review articles, questionnaires and using maps via satellite imagery. Through the participation of the role of the community which is divided into the general public, fishing communities, and affected communities explaining the interrelationships where the general public's perception of the most supporting parameters for independent cities is infrastructure and land use, then fishing communities have an impact on fish catches, as well as affected communities experiencing rejection resulting in a change in livelihood. The government's role in regulatory planning as a regional spatial plan includes planning processes, infrastructure, public services and a sustainable environment. The role of the private sector can be seen from the planning and development process which chooses to build supporting infrastructure such as tourist centers, shops, public transportation and other facilities. CSR programs by private parties or developers are one of the efforts to contribute positively to the environment and surrounding communities. Correlation of independent cities with land use from planning, development and development processes that reflect the commitment and role of the community, government and private sector seen in 1995, 2014, 2023 The concept of balance and independence in independent cities emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach in urban planning and management. PIK 1 & 2 reclamation areas based on independent cities based on the role of the community, government and private sector in regional development are the key to achieving sustainable development.
The potential of circular economy in the oil palm plantation to industry
Authors: Arista Nor Isnaeni Dwi , Natalia Cristina Evi , Sinaga Intan Lorenza , Lestari Wahyuni , Undari Desti , Andryan Ricky , Putri Anita Hazimah , Alimatul Muftia M
Published: February 2024

Palm oil has become a crucial commodity because it has a high gross domestic product. The issue of the environmental effect of palm oil is still debated. On the other hand, desire become an essential aspect _ Because the production of agriculture No only For the moment but continues in the future. Studying and developing Stay About Palm is very important For knowing where Stay has been implemented. This study reviews the potency of palm oil through an analyzer potency of economy circular from cultivation to palm oil industry. The technique of deep data collection was used in writing the review. The document has been analyzed through a literature review to summarize the potential economic circular on the plantation and palm oil industry. Data search is not only limited to one country; paper from many countries has been reviewed. Studies This discusses the issue of palm oil getting its negative response and positive from various countries. However, findings show palm oil are very needed by humans. In context, waste produced _ by plantation and the palm oil industry study shows all waste can managed And converted to become something valuable. The circular economy is appropriate for increasing energy renewal in palm oil and ensuring a closed system. Management of good waste _ gives a mark plus economy from waste of palm oil so that palm oil can be sustainable in a way economy and environment.
Sosialisasi dan Pelatihan Pendokumentasian Asuhan Keperawatan Menggunakan Buku SDKI, SLKI dan SIKI
Authors: Zaman Badrul , Husna Nurul , Bukhari  , Faizah  , Munawwarah Khairiyatul , Rabial Jihan , Nurlaili
Published: February 2024

Dokumentasi keperawatan merupakan gambaran Tindakan yang diberikan perawat kepada pasien dalam asuhan keperawatan. Dokumentasi ini terdiri dari pengkajian, diagnosis keperawatan, intervensi dan evaluasi. Dokumentasi keperawatan harus dievaluasi terkait dengan penerapannya dalam pemberian asuhan keperawatan. Masih ditemukan keragaman dalam merumuskan diagnosis keperawatan karena beragamnya pendidikan keperawatan, pengetahuan perawat, bahkan perbedaan standar acuan yang digunakan.  Mahasiswa Keperawatan Fakultas Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Mahakarya Aceh belum terlalu kompeten dalam menerapkan asuhan keperawatan dengan menggunakan SDKI, SLKI dan SIKI. Sehingga diperlukan sosialisasi dan pelatihan dalam memberikan asuhan keperawatan terutama dalam perumusan diagnosis keperawatan. Tujuan pengabdian ini untuk menambah pengetahuan, ketrampilan serta penerapan buku SDKI, SLKI dan SIKI dalam penyusunan dokumentasi keperawatan. Metode pengabdian ini dengan cara sosialisasi dan memberikan demonstrasi dalam penulisan Asuhan Keperawatan dan pengumpulan informasi terkait pengetahuan mahasiswa keperawatan tentang penerapan SDKI, SLKI dan SIKI, pelatihan dengan pemberian materi, pendampingan serta evaluasi penerapan buku ini dalam asuhan keperawatan. Hasil yang didapat pengetahuan dan ketrampilan mahasiswa keperawatan meningkat dalam penggunaan buku SDKI, SLKI dan SIKI.
EVOLUÇÃO E PERSPECTIVA DA INDÚSTRIA DO NORDESTE (*)
Authors: ETENE
Published: February 2024

ACERVO HISTORICO
O BNB E Ο DESENVOLVIMENTO DO NORDESTE
Authors: Holanda Antônio Nilson de
Published: February 2024

ACERVO HISTORICO
Pengaruh Biomassa Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) terhadap Perubahan Parameter Kimia Air Gambut Kolam Ikan Lele Lokal (Clarias batrachus)
Authors: Nigel Carlos , Syafriadiman Syafriadiman , Pamukas Niken Ayu
Published: February 2024

Eceng gondok merupakan tanaman air yang mampu meningkatkan pH, menurunkan kandungan COD, mengurangi bau, dan menjernihkan warna air serta menurunkan nitrat di perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengaruh biomassa eceng gondok (E.crassipes) terhadap peningkatan kualitas kimia air gambut untuk kegiatan budidaya ikan lele lokal (Clarias batrachus). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Taraf perlakuan yang diterapkan pada penelitian ini adalah perbedaaan biomassa eceng gondok, P0 (kontrol), P1 (112 g/m2), P2 (162 g/m2 dan P3 (212 g/m2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik dengan biomassa 212 g/m2 eceng gondok. P3 menghasilkan pH air dari 3,7 menjadi 6,7, meningkatkan kadar oksigen terlarut dalam air dari 4,70 mg/L menjadi 5,1 mg/L, menurunkan kandungan karbondioksida dalam air dari 24,79 mg/L menjadi 21,84 mg/L, mampu meningkatkan kadar nitrat dalam air dari 1,87 mg/L menjadi 2,45 mg/L serta meningkatkan kadar orthofosfat 1,34 ppm menjadi 1,91 ppm serta mampu memberikan pertumbuhan bobot mutlak ikan lele sebesar 9,04 g dan mempertahankan kelangsungan hidup ikan lele sebesar 94,67% pada akhir pemeliharaan
Kecepatan Renang Ikan Pantau (Rasbora borneensis) dalam Tanki Berarus (Flume Tank) dan Berenang Bebas (Free Swimming)
Authors: Krisdayana Krisdayana , Nofrizal Nofrizal , Jhonnerie Romie
Published: February 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui karakteristik dan kemampuan  yang meliputi menguji daya tahan renang ikan pantau pada arus yang berbeda, kecepatan renang (sustained speed), kecepatan renang maksimum (burst speed), kecepatan renang (prolonged swimming speed) ikan pantau. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental di laboratorium. Sampel ikan yang digunakan berjumlah 50 ekor dengan ukuran 5-7 cm (ukuran rata-rata 6,00 cm ± 0,7642 cm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan renang normal ikan pantau. Kecepatan renang berkelanjutan ikan pantau kurang dari 2,70 BL/detik. Sedangkan kecepatan maksimal sustained speed yang dihasilkan ikan pantau adalah 2,70 BL/detik. kecepatan prolonged speed ikan pantau berkisar antara 2,70-6,51 BL/detik, dimana ikan pantau mampu berenang selama 6-12000 detik secara terus menerus tanpa henti hingga ikan tersebut mengalami kelelahan dan tidak mampu berenang lagi. Sedangkan kecepatan renang burst yang dihasilkan oleh ikan bawal adalah 6,51 BL/detik. Ikan bawal tidak mampu bertahan lama pada kecepatan arus dengan frekuensi 50 Hz (44,25 cm/detik) yang menyebabkan ikan bawal mengalami kelelahan dan kehilangan kemampuan berenang sehingga tidak mampu melawan arus. Hubungan antara kecepatan renang dengan daya tahan renang ikan bawal memiliki korelasi negatif yang signifikan. Dimana ketika kecepatan renang ikan meningkat, maka daya tahan renang menurun, dan jika kecepatan renang rendah maka daya tahan renang meningkat.
Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, Dan Peran Tenaga Kesehatan Terhadap Pemeriksaan Tripel Eliminasi Pada Ibu Hamil Di Puskesmas Satu Ulu Palembang Tahun 2023
Authors: Sari Puput Nopitri Agustri , Sari Erma Puspita , Anggraini Arie
Published: February 2024

According to WHO data, pregnant women are one of the populations at risk of contracting the Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Syphilis and Hepatitis B. The risk of transmission from mother to child for HIV/AIDS is 20% -45%, for syphilis is 69-80%. , and for Hepatitis B is more than 90%. One of the efforts to achieve better health for women is through the Triple Elimination examination, a program aimed at achieving and maintaining mother-to-child elimination of HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B, and Syphilis. The aim of the researchers was to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and the role of health workers on the triple elimination examination of pregnant women at the Satu Ulu Health Center. Analytical Survey Design with a Cross Sectional approach. The population in this study were all pregnant women who made their first visit to the Satu Ulu Health Center, totaling 40 people. The sampling technique in this study used Accidental Sampling. The data collection technique in this study was to use primary data by using questionnaires. Data analysis used univariate analysis and bivariate analysis using the Chi Square test. The results of univariate analysis revealed that from 40 respondents who carried out the Triple Elimination examination in pregnant women, there were 34 respondents (85.0%), respondents with good knowledge were 35 respondents (87.5%), respondents with a positive attitude were 34 respondents (85%), respondents 35 respondents (87.5%) received the role of good health workers. The results of the bivariate analysis found that there was a relationship between knowledge (p value = 0.018), attitude (p value = 0.033) and the role of health workers (p value = 0.018) towards the Triple Elimination examination in pregnant women at Satu Ulu Health Center. The conclusion is that there is a relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and the role of health workers towards the Triple Elimination examination of pregnant women at Satu Ulu Health Center. It is hoped that the results of this study can increase information for pregnant women about the importance of the Triple Elimination examination so that they can prevent disease transmission (HIV, Syphilis, Hepatitis B) from mother to child.
Severity and Types of Hearing Loss in Patients with Hypertrophic Adenoids
Authors: Akhtar Daniel , Khan Muhammad Sikander Ghayas , Badar Ayesha , Nawaz Saffa , Ultamish  , Nawaz Nimra
Published: February 2024

Background: Hearing loss in children can significantly impact language development and social interaction. Hypertrophic adenoids are a common pediatric condition that can contribute to hearing impairments. Understanding the prevalence and severity of hearing loss in this demographic is crucial for effective management and intervention strategies.
Objective: The study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of hearing loss among children with hypertrophic adenoids, assessing the demographic characteristics and the types of hearing loss observed in this population.
Methods: This observational cross-sectional survey was conducted over nine months at the Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, University of Lahore Teaching Hospital. The study included a sample size of 339 children aged 5-13 years, calculated based on a prevalence rate of 67.3% for mild hearing loss. Children with comorbidities like Down syndrome, Autism, ADHD, and other disabilities were excluded. Hearing assessments were conducted using an otoscope, a tympanometer, and a diagnostic audiometer (MAICO MA41 model). Data were analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0, focusing on the frequency and percentage of various types of hearing loss.
Results: The study included 183 males (54%) and 156 females (46%), with a higher representation from rural areas (60%, n=203). Tympanometric analysis revealed 51.9% (n=176) with Type A tympanograms, 43.1% (n=146) with Type B, and 5% (n=17) with Type C. Audiometric results showed that 53.1% (n=180) of participants had normal hearing levels, while 27.1% (n=92) experienced mild hearing loss, 16.2% (n=55) had moderate hearing loss, 3.5% (n=12) had moderately severe hearing loss, 1.5% (n=5) had sensorineural hearing loss, and 2.1% (n=7) had mixed hearing loss.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates a significant occurrence of mild to moderate conductive hearing loss in children with hypertrophic adenoids, particularly in rural settings. These findings highlight the need for regular auditory screening and early intervention strategies in this demographic to prevent long-term speech and language complications.
Language Development in Children with Cochlear Implant using Bimodal Approach: SLP Perspective
Authors: Rashid Mahrukh , Ahmed Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Azzam , Nawaz Saffa , Khan Muhammad Sikander Ghayas , Masood Fahad , Rashid Amna
Published: February 2024

Background: The development of language skills in children with cochlear implants is a vital area of research, particularly in understanding the impact of the bimodal approach. This study focuses on children with early language delays under the age of five, exploring how cochlear implantation and the bimodal approach influence their language development.
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the bimodal approach (cochlear implant combined with a hearing aid) on language development in children with cochlear implants. The study aimed to understand the perspectives of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) on the challenges and successes associated with this approach.
Methods: This descriptive study involved 50 SLPs from hospitals and rehabilitation centers across Pakistan, each with at least a year of clinical experience. Data were collected through a questionnaire focusing on various aspects of cochlear implantation and the bimodal approach. The questionnaire included questions on the age of implantation, additional medical complexities, effectiveness of the bimodal approach, and the impact on speech skills, social interaction, and cognitive functions. The study employed a cross-sectional design, and the data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 for statistical significance.
Results: The majority (81.2%) of children received their cochlear implantation between 1-3 years. About 70.6% of respondents reported using a second hearing aid post-implantation. The bimodal approach was found effective by 78.4% of therapists in aiding speech comprehension. Approximately 88.2% believed that hearing devices improved speech skills, and 82.4% noted the benefit of an additional hearing aid. However, concerns were raised about potential dependencies on these devices. In terms of social and academic performance, 84.4% of therapists saw improvements.
Conclusion: The study concludes that the bimodal approach is effective in enhancing language development in children with cochlear implants. Early implantation, combined with the use of a hearing aid, shows promising results in language acquisition and social interaction. Despite the limitations due to a small sample size and data collection constraints during the COVID-19 pandemic, the study provides valuable insights into the positive impact of the bimodal approach in language development.
Prevalence of Coccydynia among Wheelchair Users Due to Prolong Sitting
Authors: Sanobar Gull , Mustafa Shazia , Javed Aqsa Atlas , Mubeen Mehwish , Ikram Javeria , Zahid Misbah
Published: February 2024

Background: Coccydynia, characterized by pain in or around the coccyx, is a condition that is particularly prevalent among wheelchair users due to prolonged sitting. Previous studies have highlighted various factors contributing to coccydynia, including extended sitting on hard surfaces, obesity, and gender-specific susceptibility.
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of coccydynia among wheelchair users, with a focus on identifying key risk factors such as prolonged sitting, gender, and sitting surface hardness.
Methods: This cross-sectional study utilized convenience sampling to gather data from 250 wheelchair users across private/government special education institutes, hospitals, rehabilitation centers, and homes in the South Punjab region. Participants aged 15-60 years using a wheelchair for more than one year were included, excluding those with spinal cord injuries, spina bifida, coccyx fractures, sensory loss, psychological issues, or postpartum women. Data was collected via a self-structured questionnaire, Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25, focusing on frequencies, percentages, cross-tabulation, and Chi-square tests.
Results: The study found that 72.4% of participants experienced tailbone tenderness, with a significant association between longer wheelchair usage hours and increased tenderness (P < 0.001). A majority of participants (76%) reported tailbone pain, with 72.4% experiencing tenderness. The prevalence of coccydynia was higher in females, and most participants did not use a cushion despite the prolonged sitting. The pain was predominantly described as an ache/dull sensation (89.6%), and it worsened after prolonged sitting in 90.8% of cases.
Conclusion: Coccydynia is a prevalent condition among wheelchair users, influenced by prolonged sitting, gender, and the hardness of the sitting surface. The study emphasizes the need for educational interventions, ergonomic wheelchair designs, and the usage of specialized cushions to mitigate the risk and alleviate symptoms.
Characteristics of Critically ill Obstetric Patients Admitted to the ICU at a Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Saeed Dr Muhammad Luqman
Published: February 2024

Objective: To ascertain the characteristics, admission indications, interventions, and outcomes of obstetric patients admitted to ICU. Methodology: A retrospective, descriptive study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital's ICU in Peshawar, Pakistan (January 1 to December 31, 2022). During this time, a total of 1560 patients were received in the ICU, out of which 132 full filled our inclusion and exclusion criteria. Characteristics of patients, reasons for admission, interventions, demographic information, obstetric history, length of stay, and outcomes were collected through a retrospective review of medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software version 21.0. Results: Among the 1,560 admissions in ICU, 132 were obstetric cases (8.5% of all ICU admissions). Majority of these patients had a mean age of 27.05 ± 6.23 years, with mean ICU stay duration of 6.55 ± 7.05 days. Among these, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were identified in 47 patients (35.6%). Obstetric hemorrhagic disorders accounted for admission in 40 patients (30.3%). Out of the 132 patients, 26 (19.6%) did not survive. Highest mortality rates were of those admitted with fulminant hepatic failure (2 patients, 66.7%). Among patients admitted for direct obstetric reasons, post-natal septicemia caused the highest mortality (3 patients, 37.5%). Ventilatory support was required by 113 patients (85.6%) and vasopressor support was administered to 87 patients (65.9%) of the patients. Conclusions: To decrease maternal mortality and improve healthcare for pregnant individuals, it is crucial to focus on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and obstetric hemorrhage. Addressing these issues, along with providing effective post-natal sepsis treatment, can contribute to a reduction in mortality rates. Keywords: Obstetric hemorrhage, Pre-Eclampsia, Post-natal septicemia, Mortality
Frequency of high myopia among students of University of Lahore
Authors: Arbaz Shah  , Awais Ishfaq  , Ahmad Mukhtar Malik  , Mehreen Fatima
Published: February 2024

The Propose of the study is to investigate the frequency of high myopia in students at the University of Lahore. The total sample size consisted of 1004 participants, including 404 emmetropic individuals, 540 myopic individuals, and 60 individuals with high myopia. The percentages of emmetropia, myopia and high myopia were found to be 40.2%, 53.8%, and 6.0%, respectively. Out of the total participants, 522 were female and 482 were male.

Regarding close-up work time, 25 students (2.5%) reported spending 1-2 hours, 239 students (23.8%) reported spending 3-4 hours, 201 students (20%) reported spending 5-6 hours, and 539 students (53.7%) reported spending more than 6 hours on close-up work. In terms of outdoor activities per week, 291 students (29%) engaged in activities 1-2 times a week, 119 students (11.9%) engaged 3-4 times a week, 495 students (49.3%) engaged less than once a week, and 99 students (9.9%) engaged more than 4 times a week.

Regarding the time spent outdoors, 210 students (20.9%) spent 1-2 hours, 238 students (23.7%) spent 3-4 hours, 358 students (35.7%) spent more than 4 hours, and 198 students (19.7%) spent less than an hour outdoors.

The mean or average age of students was 20.97 years, minimum age of 18 years and maximum of 28 years. Among the 540 myopic students, 306 were female and 234 were male. Furthermore, 54.1% (294 out of 540) of myopic students had family history of high myopia and myopia. The average or mean age of myopic students was 20.84 years, with mean refractive power of -2.0995D in OD and -2.0829D in OS.

Among the 60 high myopic students, 32 were female and 28 were male. Approximately 70% of students had family history of myopia and high myopia, while 30% had negative family history. The mean age of high myopic students was 21.12 years, with a mean refractive power of -7.8542D in OD and -8.0625D in OS. Close-up work was the primary activity for approximately 66.7% (40 out of 60) of high myopic students.
Frequency of Strabismus with Down Syndrome
Authors: Areejattique  , Fatima Nadeem
Published: February 2024

Background: To assess the frequency of deviation in eyes in Down Syndrome patients and also to determine the type of deviation in each eye.

Objective(s): The purpose of this study was how frequent the strabismus is among the Down Syndrome patients.

Methodology: The related study was carried out at Shadaab Special School, Lahore. A self-designed Performa was used to gather the data that mainly includes the type of strabismus, findings of the Hirschberg test and cover uncover test. Strabismus was assessed with the pen torch used to determine the findings of cover test, Hirschberg test and cover uncover test. Then we used IBM SPSS Version for entering and analysing the data.

Results: A total of 60 patients took part in this research with a gender split of 36 male and 24 female varying in age from 2-18y.These are categorized into 4 age groups. The patients with DS had high prevalence in age group of teens (13-18 years) 51.70%. 41.70% of deviation was in school going children (6-12 years). Pre-school children (3.5-5 years) and toddlers (2-3 years) had 3.3% of misalignment. Strabismus was found in 36 (60%) males and 24 (24%) females. Esotropic deviation was assessed in 25 (67.57%) and exotropia deviation in 9 (24.32%) in RE. In LE esotropic deviation was found in 14 (60.86%) and exotropic deviation in 7 (30.43%).

Conclusion(s): This study showed that strabismus in DS Patients were more prevalent in males as compared to females. Esodeviation was the commonest type in DS Patients.
ADAB AHLUL QUR’AN PERSPEKTIF IMAM NAWAWI
Authors: Suhartawan Budi , Hasanah Muizzatul
Published: February 2024

The Qur'an is the book of the best morals and adab of all time. The ultimate miracle, the noblest reading, a manual that will guide us in our daily life until the end of the world. Imam Nawawi is a pious and pious scholar, he is also referred to as a scholar who is very productive in terms of writing. So it is not surprising that his works are numerous, popular, printed continuously and used as the main source in religious studies (Islamic studies). One of his works is the Book of Tibyan Fii Adabi Hamalatil Qur'an as the main reference in this research. This paper aims to reveal how Adab Ahlu Al-Qur'an is from Imam Nawawi's perspective and how Imam Nawawi narrates the contents of his book. This research is included in library research (library research). With data collection techniques using documentation studies of books and texts from the Book of Tibyan Fii Adabi Hamalatil Qur'an and content analysis. It turns out that as a whole the book talks about the manners and morals of a teacher, student, lover and practitioner of the Qur'an (ahlul qur’an). Imam Nawawi's perspective between teachers and students must have adab and morals when interacting with the Qur'an. The contents of the book include: the virtue of reading and memorizing it, the virtue of qira’ah and ahlul qira’ah, the obligation to glorify the ahlul qur'an, adab for teachers, students, and memorizing of the Qur'an, adab of reading the Qur'an, adab towards the Al-Qur'an 'an, recommendations for reading verses and letters at certain times, writing and ennobling the Al-Qur'an mushaf.
EFEKTI VISOKO-INTENZIVNOG INTERVALNOG TRENINGA NA KARDIORESPIRATORNE PARAMETRE ADOLESCENATA S PREKOMJERNOM TJELESNOM TEŽINOM
Authors: Stanišić Srećko , Bjelica Bojan , Setiawan Edi
Published: February 2024

Cilj sistemskog pregleda je da se sveobuhvatno procijeni postojeća literatura o efektima visoko-intenzivnog intervalnog treninga, intervalnog treninga visokog intenziteta na kardiorespiratorne parametre kod adolescenata sa prekomjernom tjelesnom težinom. Pretraživanje literature izvršeno je pomoću baza podataka Google Scholar i PubMed. Radovi su birani na osnovu parametara: godina objavljivanja, vrste intervencije, starosne grupe ispitanika. HIIT intervencije u trajanju od 2-24 nedelje, tri puta sedmično dosljedno daju poboljšanja kardiorespiratornih parametara kod gojaznih adolescenata. HIIT intervencije imaju pozitivan uticaj na kardiorespiratorne parametre kod adolescenata sa prekomjernom tjelenom težinom.
INJURY PROFILE OF THE MOUNTAIN RUNNER: GENDER COMPARISON
Authors: Castellar-Otín Carlos , López-García Guillermo , Pradas de la Fuente Francisco , Ángel Ortega Zayas Miguel
Published: February 2024

The number of events and distances in mountain races has grown exponentially. Meanwhile, the number of runners has also increased considerably. The increased participation in mountain races has resulted in an increase in runner injuries. This research is aimed at analysing and comparing (men vs. women) experience time, training time, and the injuries sustained during the practice of this sport. The sample (n=306) was made up of men (n=261) and women (n=45) who participated in the Canfranc - Canfranc Race (Spain). The instrument used is the Runner´s Profile and Propensity to Sports Injury questionnaire. There were no significant differences (p=0.01) between male and female variables: years of running experience, years of mountain running experience, training hours and time per week, and injuries in the previous three years and three months. Further research is required to analyse and compare male and female runners at different distances and mountain races.
Ephemeral Domesticity: Campsite
Authors: Capomaggi Julia
Published: February 2024

The fleeting nature of life and the resulting transformation of inhabited spaces into artefacts that take on different socio-spatial forms through temporary shelters such as cabins, tents, and trailers is a major theme explored particularly in the 1960s and 1970s that introduced the concept of time into the formation of transient communities. This article focuses on the issue of the endless interior generated by transience in group living linked to tourism and recreational leisure, specifically elective nomadism, which represents alternative models of colonisation and the relationship between habitat and nature. Although the origins of these ideas can be traced back to projects and manifestos of experiments in utopian cities, some aspects of these avant-garde principles can be seen in communities linked to vacation, leisure, and free time today. Lastly, the campsites in Girona serve as an example and case study where these theoretical principles have been spontaneously implemented and are now subject to regulation. They have shaped a model where the city is internalised and transformed into an expanded model of domesticity.
Biocalcification in porcelaneous foraminifera
Authors: Dubicka Zofia , Tyszka Jarosław , Pałczyńska Agnieszka , Höhne Michelle , Bijma Jelle , Jense Max , Klerks Nienke , Bickmeyer Ulf
Published: February 2024

Living organisms control the formation of mineral skeletons and other structures through biomineralization. Major phylogenetic groups usually consistently follow a single biomineralization pathway. Foraminifera, which are very efficient marine calcifiers, making a substantial contribution to global carbonate production and global carbon sequestration, are regarded as an exception. This phylum has been commonly thought to follow two contrasting models of either in situ ‘mineralization of extracellular matrix’ attributed to hyaline rotaliid shells, or ‘mineralization within intracellular vesicles’ attributed to porcelaneous miliolid shells. Our previous results on rotaliids along with those on miliolids in this paper question such a wide divergence of biomineralization pathways within the same phylum of Foraminifera. We have found under a high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that precipitation of high-Mg calcitic mesocrystals in porcelaneous shells takes place in situ and form a dense, chaotic meshwork of needle-like crystallites. We have not observed calcified needles that already precipitated in the transported vesicles, what challenges the previous model of miliolid mineralization. Hence, Foraminifera probably utilize less divergent calcification pathways, following the recently discovered biomineralization principles. Mesocrystalline chamber walls in both models are therefore most likely created by intravesicular accumulation of pre-formed liquid amorphous mineral phase deposited and crystallized within the extracellular organic matrix enclosed in a biologically controlled privileged space by active pseudopodial structures. Both calcification pathways evolved independently in the Paleozoic and are well conserved in two clades that represent different chamber formation modes.
Predictably manipulating photoreceptor light responses to reveal their role in downstream visual responses
Authors: Chen Qiang , Ingram Norianne T , Baudin Jacob , Angueyra Juan M , Sinha Raunak , Rieke Fred
Published: February 2024

Computation in neural circuits relies on the judicious use of nonlinear circuit components. In many cases, multiple nonlinear components work collectively to control circuit outputs. Separating the contributions of these different components is difficult, and this limits our understanding of the mechanistic basis of many important computations. Here, we introduce a tool that permits the design of light stimuli that predictably alter rod and cone phototransduction currents – including stimuli that compensate for nonlinear properties such as light adaptation. This tool, based on well-established models for the rod and cone phototransduction cascade, permits the separation of nonlinearities in phototransduction from those in downstream circuits. This will allow, for example, direct tests of how adaptation in rod and cone phototransduction affects downstream visual signals and perception.
Longitudinal transcriptional changes reveal genes from the natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity pathway as critical players underlying COVID-19 progression
Authors: Medina Matias A , Fuentes-Villalobos Francisco , Quevedo Claudio , Aguilera Felipe , Riquelme Raul , Rioseco Maria Luisa , Barria Sebastian , Pinos Yazmin , Calvo Mario , Burbulis Ian , Kossack Camila , Alvarez Raymond A , Garrido Jose Luis , Barria Maria Ines
Published: February 2024

Patients present a wide range of clinical severities in response severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, but the underlying molecular and cellular reasons why clinical outcomes vary so greatly within the population remains unknown. Here, we report that negative clinical outcomes in severely ill patients were associated with divergent RNA transcriptome profiles in peripheral immune cells compared with mild cases during the first weeks after disease onset. Protein–protein interaction analysis indicated that early-responding cytotoxic natural killer cells were associated with an effective clearance of the virus and a less severe outcome. This innate immune response was associated with the activation of select cytokine–cytokine receptor pathways and robust Th1/Th2 cell differentiation profiles. In contrast, severely ill patients exhibited a dysregulation between innate and adaptive responses affiliated with divergent Th1/Th2 profiles and negative outcomes. This knowledge forms the basis of clinical triage that may be used to preemptively detect high-risk patients before life-threatening outcomes ensue.
Novel application of the ferroptosis-related genes risk model associated with disulfidptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma prognosis and immune infiltration
Authors: Wei Jiayan , Wang Jinsong , Chen Xinyi , Zhang Li , Peng Min
Published: February 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) stands as the prevailing manifestation of primary liver cancer and continues to pose a formidable challenge to human well-being and longevity, owing to its elevated incidence and mortality rates. Nevertheless, the quest for reliable predictive biomarkers for HCC remains ongoing. Recent research has demonstrated a close correlation between ferroptosis and disulfidptosis, two cellular processes, and cancer prognosis, suggesting their potential as predictive factors for HCC. In this study, we employed a combination of bioinformatics algorithms and machine learning techniques, leveraging RNA sequencing data, mutation profiles, and clinical data from HCC samples in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases, to develop a risk prognosis model based on genes associated with ferroptosis and disulfidptosis. We conducted an unsupervised clustering analysis, calculating a risk score (RS) to predict the prognosis of HCC using these genes. Clustering analysis revealed two distinct HCC clusters, each characterized by significantly different prognostic and immune features. The median RS stratified HCC samples in the TCGA, GEO, and ICGC cohorts into high-and low-risk groups. Importantly, RS emerged as an independent prognostic factor in all three cohorts, with the high-risk group demonstrating poorer prognosis and a more active immunosuppressive microenvironment. Additionally, the high-risk group exhibited higher expression levels of tumor mutation burden (TMB), immune checkpoints (ICs), and human leukocyte antigen (HLA), suggesting a heightened responsiveness to immunotherapy. A cancer stem cell infiltration analysis revealed a higher similarity between tumor cells and stem cells in the high-risk group. Furthermore, drug sensitivity analysis highlighted significant differences in response to antitumor drugs between the two risk groups. In summary, our risk prognostic model, constructed based on ferroptosis-related genes associated with disulfidptosis, effectively predicts HCC prognosis. These findings hold potential implications for patient stratification and clinical decision-making, offering valuable theoretical insights in this field.