bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Огнезащитная эффективность гипсовых плит Knauf Fireboard для вертикальных стальных профилей различного сортамента
Authors: Басакович Иван , Ботян Сергей , Жамойдик Сергей , Кудряшов Вадим , Осяев Владимир , Полевода Иван
Published: August 2019

Цель. Установить зависимости огнезащитной эффективности – времени достижения критической температуры 500 °С при стандартном огневом воздействии – от геометрических размеров и формы поперечного сечения и толщины огнезащиты из гипсовых плит Knauf Fireboard для вертикальных двутавров и труб стальных горячекатаных.

Методы. Использование расчетных компьютерных моделей, взаимоувязанных с результатами огневых испытаний огнезащитной эффективности гипсовых плит Knauf Fireboard для вертикальных стальных профилей различного сортамента.

Результаты. Разработаны трехмерные расчетные компьютерные модели для моделирования теплообмена с газовой средой пожара для поперечных сечений вертикальных стальных профилей, защищенных огнестойкими гипсовыми плитами Knauf Fireboard. Установлены зависимости эффективного коэффициента теплопроводности и объемной теплоемкости огнестойких гипсовых плит Knauf Fireboard от их толщины и температуры. Установлены зависимости огнезащитной эффективности – времени достижения критической температуры 500 °С при стандартном огневом воздействии – от геометрических размеров и формы поперечного сечения и толщины огнезащиты из гипсовых плит Knauf Fireboard для вертикальных двутавров и труб стальных горячекатаных. Установлено, что время прогрева стальных профилей с огнезащитой из гипсовых плит Knauf Fireboard зависит не только от приведенной толщины металла (коэффициента сечения), но и геометрических размеров и формы поперечного сечения.

Область применения исследований. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы для оценки огнестойкости стальных конструкций с конструктивной огнезащитой из гипсовых плит Knauf Fireboard.
Перспективные средства тушения пожаров с применением установок подачи огнетушащих веществ высокого давления
Authors: Василевич Дмитрий , Лахвич Вячеслав , Миканович Дмитрий
Published: August 2019

Цель. Анализ конструкции и выявление возможных путей повышения эффективности использования установок подачи огнетушащих веществ высокого давления.

Методы. Теоретические исследования средств тушения пожаров с применением установок высокого давления.

Результаты. Разработаны рекомендации по расширению функционала установок подачи огнетушащих веществ высокого давления, стоящих на вооружении МЧС Республики Беларусь, возможностью подачи огнетушащих средств в закрытые помещения через строительные конструкции.

Область применения исследований. Результаты исследований могут быть использованы пожарными аварийно-спасательными подразделениями в области ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций.
PROTOTIPE BUAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF MASYARAKAT INDONESIA: KAJIAN BAHASA, KOGNISI, DAN BUDAYA
Authors: Setiawan Ibnu Eko
Published: August 2019

Bahasa adalah bagian dari budaya, dari bahasa dapat tergambar budaya manusia. Bahasa juga menggambarkan cara pikir dari manusia. Melalui bahasa, dapat dilihat pengkategorian kata. Penelitian ini menemukan pandangan masyarakat Indonesia mengenai kata buah. Penelitian menggunakan kuantitatif dengan pertanyaan dan lembar kerja sebagai instrumennya. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat Indonesia memilih apel dan jeruk sebagai prototipe kata ‘buah’.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MENYIMAK CERITA RAKYAT MENGGUNAKAN MEDIA PAPAN FLANEL DALAM MATA KULIAH MENYIMAK KARYA SASTRA DI IKIP BUDI UTOMO MALANG
Authors: Lutfiyah Luly Zahrotul
Published: August 2019

ABSTRAK: Penelitian bertujuan: (1) penerapan media papan flanel untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menyimak cerita rakyat, (2) keberhasilan media papan flanel dalam menentukan hal menarik dari unsur cerita rakyat (3) keberhasilan media papan flanel dalam menentukan hal menarik relevansi tema dengan situasi sekarang, (4) keberhasilan penggunaan media papan flanel menentukan hal menarik dalam cerita rakyat dengan alasan logis, (5) menggambarkan media papan flanel dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menyimpulkan pesan cerita rakyat. Jenis penelitian PTK. Media papan flanel dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menyimak mahasiswa kelas A angkatan 2014. Kegiatan siklus 1 dan 2 dibuktikan dengan skor kumulatif. Terjadi peningkatan tiap aspek. Pemahaman isi, siklus 1 sebesar 92% dan siklus 2 sebesar 80%. Aspek edukatif siklus 1 skor 74% dan siklus 2 sebesar 61%, aspek pembangun karakter siklus 1 skor 72% dan siklus 2 skor 74%. Aspek mengungkapan hal menarik dengan alasan logis siklus 1 sebesar 64% dan siklus 2 sebesar 77%. Aspek kesimpulan pesan siklus 1 sebesar 65% dan siklus 2 sebesar 89%. Skor kumulatif siklus 1 sebesar 82% dan siklus 2 sebesar 70%. Hasil observasi terjadi peningkatan. Kondisi pembelajaran lebih hidup. Minat mahasiswa besar. Saran untuk peneliti selanjutnya, sebaiknya meneliti penggunaan media flanel untuk meningkatkan aspek afektif mahasiswa.
LINGKUNGAN SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR BAHASA DAN SASTRA INDONESIA
Authors: Muliyono Nurwakhid Muliyono
Published: August 2019

Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia diharapkan mampu meningkatkan ilmu pengetahuan peserta didik untuk berkomunikasi dalam bahasa Indonesia dengan baik dan benar serta menumbuhkan apresiasi hasil karya sastra Indonesia. Sebagai bentuk variasi dan menumbuh kembangkan minat belajar siswa lingkungan sebagai sumber belajar melalui collaborative learning sebagai jalan keluar untuk mengurangi kejenuhan pembelajaran di dalam kelas. Belajar Kolaboratif Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia bukan sekedar bekerja sama antarsiswa dalam suatu kelompok biasa, tetapi suatu kegiatan belajar dikatakan kolaboratif apabila dua orang atau lebih bekerja bersama, memecahkan masalah bersama untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu. Dua unsur penting dalam belajar kolaboratif adalah (1) adanya tujuan yang sama, dan (2) ketergantungan yang positif. Sumber belajar tersebut dapat dibedakan menjadi 6 jenis, yaitu pesan (message), orang (people), bahan (materials), alat (tool and equipment) teknik (technique), dan lingkungan (setting). Ada 3 langkah yang bisa di tempuh untuk menggunakan lingkungan , yaitu: (a) perencanaan, (b) pelaksanaan, (c) tindak lanjut (follow up).Beberapa aspek dalam memanfaatkan lingkungan sebagai sumber belajar yang sangat bermanfaat bagi siswa, memperkaya informasi, meningkatkan hubungan sosial, mengenalkan lingkungan, serta menumbuhkan sikap dan apresiasi terhadap lingkungan sekitar.
PEMEROLEHAN FONEM ANAK USIA 2 SAMPAI 6 TAHUN
Authors: Septiyowati Nia Deby , Sangaji Harun Ahmad , Sumarti Endang
Published: August 2019

This study aims to describe the acquisition of phonemes and stages of acquiring the form of a word sound for children aged 2;6 years. The research method that used is naturalistic observations carried out within a certain period of time (cross sectional). The subject of this study was a boy aged 2;6 years old named Muhammad Rizqy Al Amin. The results show that children aged 2;6 years have mastered the segmental phoneme, namely the vocal phonemes that have been mastered are [i], [], i], i], [e], [], e], ɛ], [a], a], a], [ǝ], ǝ], [o], [O], o], O], [u], [U], u], U] and the consonant phonemes that have been mastered are plosive [p, p’, b, t, t’, d], affricative [c, j, k, ?, g], fricative [s, h], lateral [l], tril [r], nasal [m, n, ñ, η], and semivocal [w, y]. Whereas the vowel phonemes that are still not mastered are [], a], [] and the consonants that are still not mastered are plosive [f, ], affricative [j’, k’, x, ɣ], fricative [f, , z, x], and lateral [L]. In addition to the segmental phoneme, children aged 2;6 years have also mastered suprasegmental phonemes, namely stress, tone/pitch, length, and juncture.Children aged 2;6 also experience sound changes in 36 words, as much as 2 to 5 times during the acquisition of observed language.
TANGGAPAN MAHASISWA TERHADAP KUALITAS PELATIHAN PENELITIAN TINDAKAN KELAS
Authors: Sumarti Endang , Sangaji Harun Ahmad , Yahmun Yahmun
Published: August 2019

This research is motivated by the desire to find out the responses of the traineesto the quality of classroom action research (PTK) training conducted by IKIP Budi Utomo Malang. For that reason, the three research questions were proposed, namely first, how are the trainees' responses to the trainers’ competency? Second, how are the trainees’ understandingof the training material? Third, how are the trainees’ responsesto the quality of training? Data collection uses questionnaires, then analyzed by descriptive techniques, and the results are as follows. First, trainees' responses to trainers’ competencyare in Good category. This is evidenced by the average oftrainees’ answers in the range above 70% of interval scale, concerning skills competency, material delivery, giving instructions, and trainees’ responses. Second, the trainees' understanding of the training material is quite sufficient, because it is in the range 40% of interval scale. This is caused by many factors, even though the competence of the trainers have met the standards of feasibility. Third, the quality of the training is included in the Good category, because 71% of 100 trainees stated Good. This shows that the performance of the training has reached a feasiblestandard.
GAGASAN W.S. RENDRA TENTANG SISTEM PENDIDIKAN INDONESIA: RESISTENSI TERHADAP SISTEM PENDIDIKAN KEKUASAAN ORDE BARU
Authors: Salamah Umi
Published: August 2019

Gagasan W.S. Rendra tentang pendidikan merupakan wujud keprihatinan terhadap carut-marutnya pendidikan akibat sistem pendidikan penyeragaman dan kepatuhan oleh kekuasaan Orde Baru. Teori yang mendasari kajian ini adalah teori hegemoni Gramsci, sedangkan metode analisisnya menggunakan analisis wacana kritis Michel Foucault. Sumber data berupa semua karya W.S. Rendra termasuk dialog dan pidato kebuayaannya. Berdasarkan analisis data disimpulkan bahwa gagasan sistem pendidikan W.S. Rendra adalah sistem pendidikan yang berkebudayaan Indonesia, yaitu pendidikan yang berbasis riset, lingkungan, humanis, sejarah, dan kebudyaan. Melalui riset, pendidikan membiasakan peserta didik untuk menghormati fakta objektif dan hukum alam. Melalui pemahaman potensi dan masalah di lingkungannya, membiasakan peserta didik untuk belajar mengatasi masalah-masalah faktual yang ada di lingkungannya. Melalui pemahaman nilai-nilai humanis, melatih kepekaan peserta didik terhadap ketidakadilan dan kekerasan kemanusiaan. Melalui pemahaman sejarah, memberikan semangat nasionalisme dan menghargai pahlawan bangsa. Melalui kebudayaan, mengokohkan kepribadian dalam kebudayaan sendiri. Gagasan W.S. Rendra tersebut relevan dengan cita-cita pendidikan dalam preambul dan pasal 31 UUD 1945, yaitu “mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa” melalui pendidikan yang berkarakter Pancasila dan tidak memisahkan peserta didik dengan lingkungannya.
Recycling-Oriented Design in Soft Robotics
Authors: Nguyen Anh Minh , Seibel Arthur
Published: August 2019

Soft robotics is a novel approach in the field of robotics. Soft robots or soft actuators are typically polymer-based and are characterized by their flexibility and adaptability, which brings new far-reaching applications. Soft robotics is currently at the peak of its research. One circumstance that is also present in this age is constant climate change; there is a demand for sustainability. This goes hand in hand with the design of products that are suitable for recycling. Today, more is expected of an engineer than just function-oriented design. This article looks at soft robotics from the point of view of sustainability. Since nature operates in cycles, the aim is to design products in such a way that they can be introduced into cycles. Three recycling cycles for products can be distinguished, which take place during production, during product use, and after product life. Within the framework of this work, special design measures are reviewed for fluidic elastomer actuators—a characteristic type of soft actuators—so that they can be integrated into the recycling process.
Distributions of Alien Invasive Weeds under Climate Change Scenarios in Mountainous Bhutan
Authors: Thiney Ugyen , Banterng Poramate , Gonkhamdee Santimaitree , Katawatin Roengsak
Published: August 2019

Climate change is viewed as a cause in accelerating the rate of invasion by alien species in addition to the globalization of anthropogenic activities. Ecological niche modeling has become an instrument in predicting invasion from natural or invaded ranges to uninvaded ranges based on the presence records of organisms and environmental parameters. This study explored the changes in the distributions of globally noxious alien species (Aegratina adenophora, Ageratum conyzoides, Chromolaena odorata, Lantana camara, Mikania micrantha, and Parthenium hysterophorus) in Bhutan, to provide evidence that even a mountain environment is under the threat of invasion given the change in climatic conditions. With fairly high accuracy, the model results suggest that there will be a potential increase in the areas of invasion among most of the species, except Parthenium hysterophorus, which will experience a northerly shift and decline in distribution. The results also indicate changes in patterns of invasion, some becoming more concentrated toward a given direction, while others become more dispersed over time. This study provides a framework that can be used in the strategic control of the species, future detection surveys, and further research.
Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) Simulation of Spring Peanut Management in the North China Plain
Authors: Zhao Jie , Chu Qingquan , Shang Mengjie , Meki Manyowa N. , Norelli Nicole , Jiang Yao , Yang Yadong , Zang Huadong , Zeng Zhaohai , Jeong Jaehak
Published: August 2019

Spring peanut is a valuable alternative crop to mitigate water scarcity caused by excessive water use in conventional cropping systems in the North China Plain (NCP). In the present study, we evaluated the capability of the Agricultural Policy Environmental eXtender (APEX) model to predict spring peanut response to sowing dates and seeding rates in order to optimize sowing dates, seeding rates, and irrigation regimes. Data used for calibration and validation of the model included leaf area index (LAI), aboveground biomass (ABIOM), and pod yield data collected from a field experiment of nine sowing dates and seeding rate combinations conducted from 2017 to 2018. The calibrated model was then used to simulate peanut yield responses to extended sowing dates (5 April to 4 June with a 5-day interval) and seeding rates (15 plants m−2 to 50 plants m−2 with a 5 plants m−2 interval) using 38 years of weather data as well as yield, evapotranspiration (ET), and water stress days under different irrigation regimes (rainfed, one irrigation before planting (60 mm) or at flowering (60 mm), and two irrigation with one time before planting and one time at flowering (60 mm each time) or at pod set (60 mm each time)). Results show that the model satisfactorily simulates pod yield of peanut based on R2 = 0.70, index of agreement (d value) being 0.80 and percent bias (PBIAS) values ≤4%. Moreover, the model performed reasonably well in predicting the emergence, LAI and ABIOM, with a R2 = 0.86, d = 0.95 and PBIAS = 8% for LAI and R2 = 0.90, d = 0.97 and PBIAS = 1% for ABIOM, respectively. Simulation results indicate that the best combination of sowing dates and seeding rates is a density of 35–40 plants m−2 and dates during early-May to mid-May due to the influence of local climate and canopy structure to the growth and yield of peanut. Under the optimal sowing date and plant density, an irrigation depth of 60 mm during flowering gave a pod yield (5.6 t ha−1) and ET (464 mm), which resulted in the highest water use efficiency (12.1 kg ha−1 mm−1). The APEX model is capable of assessing the effects of management practices on the growth and yield of peanut. Sowing 35–40 plants m−2 during early-May to mid-May with 60 mm irrigation depth is the recommended agronomic practice for peanut production in the water-constrained NCP.
Greater Nitrogen Availability, Nitrous Oxide Emissions, and Vegetable Yields with Fall-Applied Chicken Relative to Horse Manure
Authors: Maltais-Landry Gabriel , Nesic Zoran , Grant Nicholas , Thompson Brianna , Smukler Sean M.
Published: August 2019

Optimal manure management can maximize agronomic benefits and minimize environmental impacts. Field experiments were conducted in the Pacific Northwest (Vancouver, Canada) to determine how chicken and horse manures that were fall-applied to meet nitrogen crop demand affect soil ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3−), apparent net mineralization (ANM) and nitrification (ANN), crop biomass and nutrient concentration, and fluxes of nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane (CH4). Relative to horse manure, chicken manure increased soil NH4+ by 60-fold, ANM by 2-fold, and ANN by 4-fold. Emissions of N2O (+600%) and CO2 (+45%) were greater and growing season CO2 emissions (−40%) were lower after application of chicken than horse manure. Productivity of cover crop (+30%), legume cover crop (−25%), and squash cash crop (+20%) were affected by chicken relative to horse manure. Overall, fall-applied chicken manure increased yields, N availability, and environmental impacts relative to horse manure.
The Effects of Maternal Obesity on Porcine Placental Efficiency and Proteome
Authors: Li Ji-Wei , Hu Jian , Wei Ming , Guo Ying-Ying , Yan Pei-Shi
Published: August 2019

Maternal obesity is associated with impaired maternal metabolism and affects the developmental programming of the fetus. The placenta is dysfunctional when exposed to an obese intrauterine environment and can transduce and mediate detrimental maternal impacts to the fetus through mechanisms that remain largely unknown. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of maternal obesity on the porcine placental proteome and to analyze the deregulated proteins and potential pathways predicted to be disturbed in obese placentas, using sows with high backfat as a model of obese pregnancy. The sows were divided into two groups based on their backfat thickness: normal backfat (NBF, 17–22 mm; n = 30) and high backfat (HBF, ≥23 mm; n = 30) as the maternal obesity group. The placental tissues used for the proteomic and biochemical analyses were obtained through vaginal delivery, and the maternal blood samples used to determine the metabolic parameters were collected at day 107 of pregnancy. Our study demonstrated that HBF sows had significantly decreased placental efficiency, increased plasma-free fatty acids and triglyceride levels, and increased proinflammatory cytokines plasma levels (p < 0.05). HBF placentas had significantly higher malondialdehyde level, lower total antioxidant capacity and antioxidase activity, increased triglyceride content and enhanced proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contents (p < 0.05). Among the 4652 proteins identified using the proteomic method, 343 were quantified as differentially abundant proteins, which were involved in many vital biological processes. Based on our bioinformatic and placental biochemical analyses, we concluded that maternal obesity is associated with abnormal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased steroid hormone biosynthesis, and increased oxidative stress and inflammation in the placenta. The results of this study are undoubtedly valuable to other researchers.
The Clinical and Economic Impact of Antibiotic Resistance in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhen Xuemei , Stålsby Lundborg Cecilia , Sun Xueshan , Hu Xiaoqian , Dong Hengjin
Published: August 2019

Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is one of the biggest threats to global health, especially in China. This study aims to analyze the published literature on the clinical and economic impact of ABR or multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria compared to susceptible bacteria or non-infection, in mainland China. English and Chinese databases were searched to identify relevant studies evaluating mortality, hospital stay, and hospital costs of ABR. A meta-analysis of mortality was performed using a random effects model. The costs were converted into 2015 United States (US) dollars. Of 13,693 studies identified, 44 eligible studies were included. Twenty-nine investigated the impact of ABR on hospital mortality, 37 were focused on hospital stay, and 21 on hospital costs. Patients with ABR were associated with a greater risk of overall mortality compared to those with susceptibility or those without infection (odds ratio: 2.67 and 3.29, 95% confidence interval: 2.18–3.26 and 1.71–6.33, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively). The extra mean total hospital stay and total hospital cost were reported, ranging from 3 to 46 days, and from US$238 to US$16,496, respectively. Our study indicates that ABR is associated with significantly higher mortality. Moreover, ABR is not always, but usually, associated with significantly longer hospital stay and higher hospital costs.
Chemistry and Pharmacology of the Kazakh Crataegus Almaatensis Pojark: An Asian Herbal Medicine
Authors: Soares Sabrina S. , Bekbolatova Elmira , Cotrim Maria Dulce , Sakipova Zuriyadda , Ibragimova Liliya , Kukula-Koch Wirginia , Giorno Thais B. Sardella , Fernandes Patrícia D. , Fonseca Diogo André , Boylan Fabio
Published: August 2019

Crataegus almaatensis, an endemic ornamental plant in Kazakhstan is used in popular medicine due to its cardiotonic properties. The most studied species of the same genus are commonly found in Europe, which shows the importance of having the Kazakh species validated via its chemical and pharmacological studies. High-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC) operated under optimized conditions enabled an isolation of the three main compounds from the aqueous phase of the leaves ethanol extract, further identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside (quercitrin) (4.02% of the crude extract-CECa); quercetin 3-O-β-galactoside (hyperoside) (1.82% of CECa); kaempferol 3-O-α-L-rhamnoside (afzelin) (0.94% of CECa). The CECa, the aqueous phase of the crude extract (APCa) together with the isolates were evaluated for their vascular (vascular reactivity in human internal mammary artery-HIMA), anti-nociceptive (formalin-induced liking response and hot plate) and anti-inflammatory (subcutaneous air-pouch model-SAP) activities. CECa at the concentrations of 0.014 and 0.14 mg/mL significantly increased the maximum contractility response of HIMA to noradrenaline. The APCa CR curve (0.007–0.7 mg/mL) showed an intrinsic relaxation effect of the HIMA. APCa at the dose of 100 mg/kg i.p. significantly decreased the total leukocyte count and the IL-1β release in the SAP wash.
Detecting the Void behind the Tunnel Lining by Impact-Echo Methods with Different Signal Analysis Approaches
Authors: Cao Rongning , Ma Meng , Liang Ruihua , Niu Chao
Published: August 2019

A void behind the lining in a tunnel is considered to be a critical condition as it can significantly impair the tunnel service life. In this study, we adopted the impact-echo (IE) method to detect the voids. We designed two test conditions (tunnel lining with and without a void) for our experiments performed in a laboratory environment. The influences of void size and impact-void position were analysed using numerical simulations. The vibration response signals were analysed in the time, frequency, and time–frequency domains using various signal analysis approaches. The results were comparatively analysed to determine the best approach for void detection. The study helped establish that a tunnel void can be evaluated through the vibration energy (amplitude and duration) in the time domain, the resonance frequency and dynamic stiffness in the frequency domain, and the energy distribution in time–frequency domain. The wavelet transform analysis is the most appropriate method to observe the energy flow during the state changing and the dynamic stiffness method can determine the void position precisely.
Experimental and Numerical Study on the Strain Behavior of Buried Pipelines Subjected to an Impact Load
Authors: Dong Feifei , Bie Xuemeng , Tian Jiangping , Xie Xiangdong , Du GuoFeng
Published: August 2019

Long-distance oil and gas pipelines are inevitably impacted by rockfalls during geologic hazards such as mud-rock flow and landslides, which have a serious effect on the safe operation of pipelines. In view of this, an experimental and numerical study on the strain behavior of buried pipelines under the impact load of rockfall was developed. The impact load exerted on the soil, and the strains of buried pipeline caused by the impact load were theoretically derived. A scale model experiment was conducted using a self-designed soil-box to simulate the complex geological conditions of the buried pipeline. The simulation model of hammer–soil–pipeline was established to investigate the dynamic response of the buried pipeline. Based on the theoretical, experimental, and finite element analysis (FEA) results, the overall strain behavior of the buried pipeline was obtained and the effects of parameters on the strain developments of the pipelines were analyzed. Research results show that the theoretical calculation results of the impact load and the peak strain were in good agreement with the experimental and FEA results, which indicates that the mathematical formula and the finite element models are accurate for the prediction of pipeline response under the impact load. In addition, decreasing the diameter, as well as increasing the wall thickness of the pipeline and the buried depth above the pipeline, could improve the ability of the pipeline to resist the impact load. These results could provide a reference for seismic design of pipelines in engineering.
Active Control of Sound Transmission through Orthogonally Rib Stiffened Double-Panel Structure: Mechanism Analysis
Authors: Ma Xiyue , Chen Kean , Xu Jian
Published: August 2019

Physical mechanisms of active control of sound transmission through orthogonally two ribs stiffened double-panel structure are investigated. This is the continued work of the single rib stiffened case. For the orthogonally two ribs stiffened case, four different cluster mode groups can be coupled with each other, due to the interlaced coupling effects of the horizontal and vertical ribs. One cavity mode can couple with and transmit sound energy to any type of base plate mode of the radiating ribbed plate. Consequently, the main differences of the control mechanism, when compared with the single ribbed case, lie in two aspects. One is that a novel mechanism appears. That is, suppressing and rearranging the cavity modes simultaneously achieves the suppression of the base plate modes. The other is that rearrangement of the cavity modes to rearrange the base plate modes for achieving sound radiation cancellation almost does not appear. The reason is that all types of cavity mode can couple with any one of the base plate modes due to the coupling effects of the two ribs. There is only a need to rearrange several important cavity modes to achieve suppressing the base plate mode of the radiating ribbed plate.
Equivalent Circuit Model of Novel Solid Rotor Induction Motor with Toroidal Winding Applying Composite Multilayer Theory
Authors: Feng Haichao , Cui Xu , Si Jikai , Gao Caixia , Hu Yihua
Published: August 2019

In this work, a novel solid rotor induction motor with toroidal winding (N-TWSRIM) is proposed and its structure and main structural parameters are given. The operating principle is analyzed in accordance with the movement of the armature magnetic field at different times. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) of the N-TWSRIM is established based on composite multilayer theory to analyze and calculate motor performance quickly and accurately. Electromagnetic performance, which includes output torque, stator current, and power factor under different slip, is calculated with ECM, and its results are compared with those of the finite element method. A prototype of the N-TWSRIM is built and experimented on to validate the correctness of the operating principle and ECM. Experimental results on stator current and torque are consistent with the finite element and analytical results.
Real-Time Mitigation of the Mobility Effect for IEEE 802.15.4g SUN MR-OFDM
Authors: Nguyen Huy , Le Nam Tuan , Hoan Nguyen Cong , Jang Yeong Min
Published: August 2019

In order to develop wireless sensor networks, which are defined by the IEEE 802.15.4 specification, researchers are considering low-power wide-area networks (LPWAN) due to their advantages of being long range, low power, low cost, and highly mobile. The issue of mobility is covered in the IEEE 802.15.4g standard for supporting a smart utility network (SUN), which is mainly controlled by orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation. In a high mobility scenario, inter-carrier interference is a primary factor in reducing the performance of OFDM transmissions due to the destruction of the subcarrier component’s orthogonality. This paper analyzes the mobility effect in multi-rate multi-regional orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MR-OFDM) for low-power wide-area networks in general, and the SUN MR-OFDM system in particular. As mentioned in standard 802.15.4 2015, IEEE 802.15.4g MR-OFDM is one of the low-power wide-area (LPWA) technologies in which energy optimization problems are of first priority. We are especially interested in simple technologies that provide high efficiency. Therefore, we propose a highly adaptive method that uses the cyclic prefix to mitigate the mobility effect in real time. At a symbol frames interval of 120 us, the Doppler shift effect from the mobility of the MR-OFDM system adapted smoothly. This is not the best method to mitigate Doppler shift but it is a simple method that suits the LPWA network. The proposed scheme clearly simulated the mobility of the MR-OFDM system, and had the advantage of using a cyclic-prefix with a bit error rate performance through Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) and the Rician channel of Matlab.
Adaptive Fuzzy Backstepping Sliding Mode Control for a 3-DOF Hydraulic Manipulator with Nonlinear Disturbance Observer for Large Payload Variation
Authors: Truong Hoai Vu Anh , Tran Duc Thien , To Xuan Dinh , Ahn Kyoung Kwan , Jin Maolin
Published: August 2019

The paper proposes an adaptive fuzzy position control for a 3-DOF hydraulic manipulator with large payload variation. The hydraulic manipulator uses electrohydraulic actuators as primary torque generators to enhance carrying payload of the manipulator. The proposed control combines backstepping sliding mode control, fuzzy logic system (FLS), and a nonlinear disturbance observer. The backstepping sliding mode control includes a sliding mode control for manipulator dynamics and a PI control for actuator dynamics. The fuzzy logic system is utilized to adjust the control gain and robust gain of the sliding mode control (SMC) based on the output of the nonlinear disturbance observer to compensate the payload. The Lyapunov approach and backstepping technique are used to prove the stability and robustness of the whole system. Some simulations are implemented, and the results are compared to other controllers to exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed control.
Probabilistic Energy Flow Calculation through the Nataf Transformation and Point Estimation
Authors: Qin Boyu , Fang Cheng , Ma Ke , Li Jing
Published: August 2019

With the increasing capacity of renewable energy sources, uncertainties regarding renewable energy and other dynamic loads in integrated energy systems (IESs) are increasing. Thus, it is necessary to study the probabilistic energy flow (PEF) of IESs. However, existing PEF calculation methods such as the point estimate method (PEM) are computationally inefficient when there are many random variables and estimated points; moreover, relatively large errors can occur when the estimated points are outside their limits. Hence, this paper presents a calculation method that addresses these problems. Because there are correlations among the variables, the Nataf transformation is employed to control the correlation quickly and effectively. A model for an IES that is interconnected with natural gas and electricity systems and accounts for the uncertainties of wind plants, photovoltaic power plants, and dynamic gas loads is presented. Correlations between wind plants and photovoltaic power plants are handled using the Nataf transformation. Finally, a modified PEM is developed to solve the PEF. For situations in which the estimated points exceed their boundaries, the power transformation and equal constraint transformation methods are used. The results of time-domain simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Sensorless Air Flow Control in an HVAC System through Deep Learning
Authors: Son Junseo , Kim Hyogon
Published: August 2019

Sensor-based intelligence is essential in future smart buildings, but the benefits of increasing the number of sensors come at a cost. First, purchasing the sensors themselves can incur non-negligible costs. Second, since the sensors need to be physically connected and integrated into the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, the complexity and the operating cost of the system are increased. Third, sensors require maintenance at additional costs. Therefore, we need to pursue the appropriate technology (AT) in terms of the number of sensors used. In the ideal scenario, we can remove excessive sensors and yet achieve the intelligence that is required to operate the HVAC system. In this paper, we propose a method to replace the static pressure sensor that is essential for the operation of the HVAC system through the deep neural network (DNN).
Failure Probability Prediction of Thermally Stable Diamond Composite Tipped Picks in the Cutting Cycle of Underground Roadway Development
Authors: Sun Yong , Li Xingsheng , Guo Hua
Published: August 2019

The Thermally Stable Diamond Composite (TSDC) tipped pick has been developed to replace Tungsten Carbide (WC) tipped picks for hard rock cutting. Due to the material properties of TSDC, a major failure mode of TSDC tipped picks during rock cutting is random failures caused by excessive bending force acting on the cutting tips. A probabilistic approach has been proposed to estimate the failure probability of picks with this failure mode. However, there are two limitations in existing research: only one drum revolution is considered, and the variation of rock thickness is ignored. This study aims to extend the current approach via removing these limitations, based on the failure probability analysis of picks over a full cutting cycle in the underground coal mining roadway development process. The research results show that both drum advance direction and the variation of rock thickness have significant impacts on pick failure probability. The extended approach can be used to estimate pick failure probability for more realistic scenarios in real applications with improved accuracy. Although the study focused on TSDC tipped picks, the developed approach can also be applied to other types of picks.
Supervector Extraction for Encoding Speaker and Phrase Information with Neural Networks for Text-Dependent Speaker Verification
Authors: Mingote Victoria , Miguel Antonio , Ortega Alfonso , Lleida Eduardo
Published: August 2019

In this paper, we propose a new differentiable neural network with an alignment mechanism for text-dependent speaker verification. Unlike previous works, we do not extract the embedding of an utterance from the global average pooling of the temporal dimension. Our system replaces this reduction mechanism by a phonetic phrase alignment model to keep the temporal structure of each phrase since the phonetic information is relevant in the verification task. Moreover, we can apply a convolutional neural network as front-end, and, thanks to the alignment process being differentiable, we can train the network to produce a supervector for each utterance that will be discriminative to the speaker and the phrase simultaneously. This choice has the advantage that the supervector encodes the phrase and speaker information providing good performance in text-dependent speaker verification tasks. The verification process is performed using a basic similarity metric. The new model using alignment to produce supervectors was evaluated on the RSR2015-Part I database, providing competitive results compared to similar size networks that make use of the global average pooling to extract embeddings. Furthermore, we also evaluated this proposal on the RSR2015-Part II. To our knowledge, this system achieves the best published results obtained on this second part.
Development of a Novel Shaft Dryer for Coal-Based Green Needle Coke Drying Process
Authors: Xie Guowei , Zhang Xinxin , Cai Jiuju , Sun Wenqiang , Zhang Ketao , Zhang Shiyu
Published: August 2019

The industry of coal-based green needle coke develops rapidly in recent years. The green coke produced by the delayed coking process usually has a moisture content of 10%–25%, which damages the calcining kiln and needle coke quality. A standing dehydration tank is currently used to reduce the moisture content of green coke. However, this process has several weaknesses such as unstable operation, large land area occupation, and low productivity. To solve this issue, a novel drying system with a shaft dryer proposed in this work is suitable for green coke drying. Moreover, the performances of the green coke are investigated to design the proposed shaft dryer. The experimental result shows that the average vertex angle of the pile of green cokes is 109.2°. The pressure drop of the dryer increases linearly with the green coke bed height, and the green coke with a larger size has a smaller pressure drop. The specific pressure drops are 5714, 5554, 5354, and 5114 Pa/m, with median green coke sizes of 26.85, 29.00, 30.45, and 31.80 mm, respectively. Tooth spacing is another important parameter which influences the mass of green coke leakage. The optimal tooth spacing and rotary speed of the rollers are determined by the required production yield.
Novel Janus Fibrous Membranes with Enhanced Directional Water Vapor Transmission
Authors: Tang Shengnan , Pi Haohong , Zhang Yingying , Wu Jing , Zhang Xiuqin
Published: August 2019

Novel hydrophobic/hydrophilic Janus fibrous membranes, the poly[4,4′-methylenebis (phenylisocyanate)-alt-1,4-butanediol/di(propylene glycol)/plycaprolactone] (PU) fibrous membrane as the hydrophobic layer and cellulose acetate (CA) fibrous membrane as the hydrophilic layer, were fabricated by the so-called “layer-by-layer” electrospinning technology. A series of the PU/CA Janus membranes with different electrospinning time of the CA layers by which the thickness of hydrophilic layer can be controlled were also prepared to uncover its influence on the directional water vapor transmission. The results showed that water vapor transmission capability from the hydrophobic side to the hydrophilic side of the PU/CA Janus fibrous membrane was enhanced rather than that from the reverse direction of the same membrane. The optimal water vapor transmission capacity existed when the electrospinning time of CA fibrous membrane reached 15 min. Such enhanced water vapor transmission originated because of the asymmetric wettability of the Janus membrane and the strong force to draw tiny water droplet from the hydrophobic side to the hydrophilic side. The novel understanding is useful for facile designing and fabrication of efficient moisture permeable fabrics and clothing.
Analysis of Heat and Smoke Propagation and Oscillatory Flow through Ceiling Vents in a Large-Scale Compartment Fire
Authors: Zanzi Claudio , Gómez Pablo , López Joaquín , Hernández Julio
Published: August 2019

One question that often arises is whether a specialized code or a more general code may be equally suitable for fire modeling. This paper investigates the performance and capabilities of a specialized code (FDS) and a general-purpose code (FLUENT) to simulate a fire in the commercial area of an underground intermodal transportation station. In order to facilitate a more precise comparison between the two codes, especially with regard to ventilation issues, the number of factors that may affect the fire evolution is reduced by simplifying the scenario and the fire model. The codes are applied to the same fire scenario using a simplified fire model, which considers a source of mass, heat and species to characterize the fire focus, and whose results are also compared with those obtained using FDS and a combustion model. An oscillating behavior of the fire-induced convective heat and mass fluxes through the natural vents is predicted, whose frequency compares well with experimental results for the ranges of compartment heights and heat release rates considered. The results obtained with the two codes for the smoke and heat propagation patterns and convective fluxes through the forced and natural ventilation systems are discussed and compared to each other. The agreement is very good for the temperature and species concentration distributions and the overall flow pattern, whereas appreciable discrepancies are only found in the oscillatory behavior of the fire-induced convective heat and mass fluxes through the natural vents. The relative performance of the codes in terms of central processing unit (CPU) time consumption is also discussed.
Relationship between Rainfall Variability and the Predictability of Radar Rainfall Nowcasting Models
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Dai Qiang , Zhuo Lu
Published: August 2019

Radar rainfall nowcasts are subject to many sources of uncertainty and these uncertainties change with the characteristics of a storm. The predictive skill of a radar rainfall nowcasting model can be difficult to understand as sometimes it appears to be perfect but at other times it is highly inaccurate. This hinders the decision making required for the early warning of natural hazards caused by rainfall. In this study we define radar spatial and temporal rainfall variability and relate them to the predictive skill of a nowcasting model. The short-term ensemble prediction system model is configured to predict 731 events with lead times of one, two, and three hours. The nowcasting skill is expressed in terms of six well-known indicators. The results show that the quality of radar rainfall nowcasts increases with the rainfall autocorrelation and decreases with the rainfall variability coefficient. The uncertainty of radar rainfall nowcasts also shows a positive connection with rainfall variability. In addition, the spatial variability is more important than the temporal variability. Based on these results, we recommend that the lead time for radar rainfall nowcasting models should change depending on the storm and that it should be determined according to the rainfall variability. Such measures could improve trust in the rainfall nowcast products that are used for hydrological and meteorological applications.
Anti-Angiogenic Effect of Asperchalasine A Via Attenuation of VEGF Signaling
Authors: Park Jun Yeon , Ji Young Seok , Zhu Hucheng , Zhang Yonghui , Park Do Hwi , Kim Young-Joo , Yoo Hye Hyun , Kang Ki Sung
Published: August 2019

Cytochalasans are a group of structurally diverse fungal polyketide-amino acid hybrid metabolites that exhibit diverse biological functions. Asperchalasine A was identified and isolated from an extract of the marine-derived fungus, Aspergillus. Asperchalasine A is a cytochalasan dimer which consists of two cytochalasan molecules connected by an epicoccine. This study investigated the potential antiangiogenic effects of Aspergillus extract and asperchalasine A, which significantly inhibited cell adhesion and tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Aspergillus extract and asperchalasine A decreased the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2 mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, Aspergillus extract and asperchalasine A inhibited angiogenesis via downregulation of VEGF, p-p38, p-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK), p-VEGFR-2, and p-Akt signaling pathways. Moreover, Aspergillus extract and asperchalasine A significantly inhibited the amount of blood vessel formation in fertilized chicken eggs using a chorioallantoic membrane assay. Our results provide experimental evidence of this novel biological activity of the potential antiangiogenic substances, Aspergillus extract, and asperchalasine A. This study also suggests that Aspergillus extract and its active component asperchalasine A are excellent candidates as adjuvant therapeutic substances for cancer prevention and treatment.
ERCC1 Is a Predictor of Anthracycline Resistance and Taxane Sensitivity in Early Stage or Locally Advanced Breast Cancers
Authors: Abdel-Fatah Tarek M. A. , Ali Reem , Sadiq Maaz , Moseley Paul M. , Mesquita Katia A. , Ball Graham , Green Andrew R. , Rakha Emad A. , Chan Stephen Y. T. , Madhusudan Srinivasan
Published: August 2019

Genomic instability could be a beneficial predictor for anthracycline or taxane chemotherapy. We interrogated 188 DNA repair genes in the METABRIC cohort (n = 1980) to identify genes that influence overall survival (OS). We then evaluated the clinicopathological significance of ERCC1 in early stage breast cancer (BC) (mRNA expression (n = 4640) and protein level, n = 1650 (test set), and n = 252 (validation)) and in locally advanced BC (LABC) (mRNA expression, test set (n = 2340) and validation (TOP clinical trial cohort, n = 120); and protein level (n = 120)). In the multivariate model, ERCC1 was independently associated with OS in the METABRIC cohort. In ER+ tumours, low ERCC1 transcript or protein level was associated with increased distant relapse risk (DRR). In ER−tumours, low ERCC1 transcript or protein level was linked to decreased DRR, especially in patients who received anthracycline chemotherapy. In LABC patients who received neoadjuvant anthracycline, low ERCC1 transcript was associated with higher pCR (pathological complete response) and decreased DRR. However, in patients with ER−tumours who received additional neoadjuvant taxane, high ERCC1 transcript was associated with a higher pCR and decreased DRR. High ERCC1 transcript was also linked to decreased DRR in ER+ LABC that received additional neoadjuvant taxane. ERCC1 based stratification is an attractive strategy for breast cancers.
Main Inflammatory Cells and Potentials of Anti-Inflammatory Agents in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Hayashi Takuji , Fujita Kazutoshi , Matsushita Makoto , Nonomura Norio
Published: August 2019

Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer and the leading cause of cancer deaths among men in many countries. Preventing progression is a major concern for prostate cancer patients on active surveillance, patients with recurrence after radical therapies, and patients who acquired resistance to systemic therapies. Inflammation, which is induced by various factors such as infection, microbiome, obesity, and a high-fat diet, is the major etiology in the development of prostate cancer. Inflammatory cells play important roles in tumor progression. Various immune cells including tumor-associated neutrophils, tumor-infiltrating macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and mast cells promote prostate cancer via various intercellular signaling. Further basic studies examining the relationship between the inflammatory process and prostate cancer progression are warranted. Interventions by medications and diets to control systemic and/or local inflammation might be effective therapies for prostate cancer progression. Epidemiological investigations and basic research using human immune cells or mouse models have revealed that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, metformin, statins, soy isoflavones, and other diets are potential interventions for preventing progression of prostate cancer by suppressing inflammation. It is essential to evaluate appropriate indications and doses of each drug and diet.