bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sport During the Ramadan Fasting Period: Health Benefits and Risks and Recommendations for Practicing
Authors: Said Ihbour
Published: April 2024

Context: The subject of "Sport During Ramadan" focuses on the impact of fasting during the holy month of Ramadan on athletic performance and physical activity. Muslims around the world fast from sunrise to sunset during this month, abstaining from food, drink, and other physical needs. Our hypothesis suggests that during Ramadan, the fasting period can cause particular problems for athletes and people involved in sports and physical activities that require a lot of stamina and energy. Evidence Acquisition: A systematic review of the literature was conducted using the search equation "sport during Ramadan" in the PsycInfo, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases, in order to identify the 40 articles on the subject up to the year 2022. Results: Taking into account the similarities of the contents of the 40 targeted articles, 24 articles were selected. During the fasting period of the month of Ramadan, engaging in sports and exercise during Ramadan can have numerous benefits for physical and mental health. However, physical activities that require a lot of endurance and energy can pose physical health risks, including dehydration, hypoglycemia, muscle cramps, fatigue and delayed recovery. Conclusions: Participating in sports and exercise during Ramadan can have many benefits for physical and mental health, as well as spiritual awareness and community engagement. During this time, uncontrolled physical exertion can have detrimental effects on health. Proper hydration combined with a rich and balanced diet during the non-fasting period and quality sleep can help overcome the risks associated with exercising during Ramadan. It is important that Muslims prioritize their health and well-being during this time and consult a physician if necessary before engaging in physical activity.
Application of Virtual Reality (VR) in Facility Management Competency-based Training (CBT) in the Era of Industrie 5.0
Authors: Ng Wei Xuan , Cheng Zhuo Yuan , Luke Peh Lu Chang
Published: April 2024

This case study investigates the implementation of Virtual Reality (VR) technology in facilities management Competency-Based Training (CBT) within one of Singapore’s leading facilities and township management companies. Traditionally, workplace training in facility management has relied heavily on lecture-based methods, often resulting in insufficient preparation and a high turnover rate among newly onboarded staff. To address this challenge, this study explores the conversion of training materials into VR-based courseware, enabling immersive and interactive learning experiences. Two groups of newly onboarded staff underwent either traditional lecture-based or VR training sessions. Results indicate that those trained using VR exhibited a better comprehension of the material and higher levels of motivation compared to their counterparts in the traditional lecture-based group. However, it was noted that VR training carries the risk of cybersickness, with some participants reporting symptoms such as dizziness. To mitigate this issue, insights from existing literature on cybersickness are incorporated to enhance future VR training materials. This paper studies the application of VR in Facilities Management Competency-based training within the discourse of Industrie 5.0, the latest evolution of industrial technology that emphasizes human-machine collaboration and smart technologies such as VR. By leveraging VR technology for training purposes, this initiative aligns with the principles of Industrie 5.0, fostering innovation and efficiency in facility management practices. Overall, this research underscores the potential of VR in revolutionizing training methodologies within the practices of facilities management while addressing associated challenges to ensure optimal learning outcomes.
System for Detecting Moving Objects Using 3D Li-DAR Technology
Authors: Md. Milon Rana , Orora Tasnim Nisha , Md. Mahabub Hossain , Md Selim Hossain , Md Mehedi Hasan , Md Abdul Muttalib Moon
Published: April 2024

The “System for Detecting Moving Objects Using 3D LiDAR Technology” introduces a groundbreaking method for precisely identifying and tracking dynamic entities within a given environment. By harnessing the capabilities of advanced 3D LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology, the system constructs intricate three-dimensional maps of the surroundings using laser beams. Through continuous analysis of the evolving data, the system adeptly discerns and monitors the movement of objects within its designated area. What sets this system apart is its innovative integration of a multi-sensor approach, combining LiDAR data with inputs from various other sensor modalities. This fusion of data not only enhances accuracy but also significantly boosts the system’s adaptability, ensuring robust performance even in challenging environmental conditions characterized by low visibility or erratic movement patterns. This pioneering approach fundamentally improves the precision and reliability of moving object detection, thereby offering a valuable solution for a diverse array of applications, including autonomous vehicles, surveillance, and robotics.
Analysis of the State of Moisture Control to Ensure and Regulate the Quality of Grain and Grain Products
Authors: Kalandarov Palvan Iskandarovich
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the methods for determining the maturity of grain and describes its behavior during harvesting, to optimize the selection of the grain moisture state, discusses the requirements for the choice of measurement method and the design of moisture control measuring devices, as well as its high accuracy and the possibility of measuring from field conditions, collection, storage, transportation, and industrial processing and release of finished products of granular materials. The purpose of the study is to improve the efficiency of control and management of complex technological processes and moisture control devices for granular bulk materials of plant origin through the development of systems for automatic and automated control of the electrophysical characteristics of grain products and to increase the reliability of quantitative and qualitative assessments of production and technological measurement information. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to conduct analytical and experimental studies of the possibility of creating an express method for controlling the moisture content of grain and products of their industrial processing and the development of a moisture meter for automated control of raw material parameters during acceptance and storage at grain processing enterprises. The article discusses the scientific and methodological foundations for measuring the electrophysical characteristics of grain products of agricultural production and the implementation on this basis of the functional subsystem of information support by the Automated Process Control System for Controlling the Mass Ratio of Moisture of Plant Origin Materials. A critical analysis of the current state of the theory and practice of automatic control of electrophysical characteristics of grain products and the identification of the trend of their further development and improvement are carried out. A mathematical model of the interaction of a high-frequency field with a granular material has been constructed, where the influence of the elastic properties of the grain on the electrical characteristics of the electromagnetic wave, which distinguishes its behavior in the field of a high-frequency wave from many other dielectrics, has been substantiated, and the influence of a large number of various disturbing factors has been studied, often the measurement results cannot be applied in the control of the technological process due to the uneliminated error, which is the cause of inaccurate information. Primary measuring transducers of electrophysical parameters of grain products are proposed, and their mathematical models are considered. A functional scheme of the measuring device based on the dielcometric method of moisture control of grain and granular materials has been developed, and metrological characteristics have been given.
Contribution to the Knowledge of Ground Beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) from Pakistan
Authors: Zubair Ahmed , Haseeb Ahmed Lalika , Imran Khatri , Eric Kirschenhofer
Published: April 2024

The present study is based on the examination of specimens housed in different museums and collections, including those of Lianghong Bin (China), Bernd Jaeger (Germany), Saeed Azadbakhsh (Iran), Alexander Anichtchenko (Latvia), Martin Hackel (Czech Republic), Ron Felix (Germany), and the first author (ZACP). A preliminary survey was randomly conducted in various areas of Pakistan from 2016 to 2023. A precise investigation revealed 17 subspecies and 36 species within 31 genera, distributed across 12 subfamilies in the family Carabidae. This survey also documented twenty-three new records for the country, expanding our understanding of their distribution. All determinations presented here are confirmed and validated by Löbl & Löbl (2017). Subfamily Harpalinae tribe Anthiini with 02 species Anthia (Anthia) sexguttata mannerheimii, A. (A.) sexguttata sexguttata Brachininae with 03 species Brachinus (Aploa) nobilis Pheropsophus (Stenaptinus) catoirei, P. (S.) lissoderus, P. stenoderus. Subfamily Broscinae with 01 species Broscus punctatus. Subfamily Carabinae with 07 species Carabus (Imaibius) caschmirensis fortetuberculatus, C. (I.) wittmerorum, Calosoma (Caminara) imbricatum andrewesi, C. (C.) maderae indicum, C. (C.) imbricatum imbricatum, C. Calosoma (Compalita) Olivieri, C. (Calosoma) scabrosum roeschkei. Subfamily Dryptinae, Dryptini with 01 species Drypta (Drypta) lineola virgata, tribe Galeritini with 04 species records Planetes bimaculatus, Zuphium (Zuphium) olens olens, Galerita indica, Ophionea (Ophionea) indica. Subfamily Harpalinae with 03 species Idiomelas fulvipes indus, Metacolopodes buchanani, Microlestes discoidalis, tribe Chlaeniini with 12 species Chlaenius (Amblygenius) atripes, C. (A.) bengalensis, C. (A.) cookie, C. (A.) Chlaenius (Amblygenius) quadricolor orientalis, C. (Pachydinodes) hamifer, C. (P.) pictus, C. (P.) posticus, C. pretiosus, C. (Chlaenites) spoliatus spoliatus, Harpaglossus opacus, H. (Cryptophonus) tenebrosus, H. (Pseudophanus) meridianus, tribe Cyclosomini with 03 species records, Masoreus (Masoreus) orientalis orientalis, Caphora afghani, Tetragonoderus (Tetragonoderus) lindemannae, tribe Licinini with 06 species record, Diplochiela (Diplocheila) laevigata, Glycia spencei, Eucolliuris fuscipennis, Platytarus faminii faminii, Syntomus lateralis lateralis, Trichis maculata. Subfamily Melaeninae with 03 spies, Cymbionotum (Cymbionotum) striatum, C. Cymbionotum candidum, C. semelederi, tribe Panagaeini with 03 species Microschemus flavopilosus, M. arabicus, Craspedophorus elegans. Subfamily Harpalinae with 01 species Sphodrus leucopthalmus. Subfamily Scaritinae, Scaritini with 02 species Scarites (Scallophorites) guineensis, S. (Scarites) procerus eurytus, subfamily Siagoninae with 01 species Siagona dilutipes and subfamily Trechinae, Bembidiini with 01 species Bembidion (Notaphocampa) niloticum niloticum.
Thriving or Declining? Unraveling Corruption, Environmental Quality, Energy Consumption, and Economic Growth in ASEAN Countries
Authors: Borah Prasad Siba
Published: April 2024

The current study is carried out to explore the link between Corruption, Environment quality. Energy consumption and economic growth in selected Asean countries. In addition to that, the present study aims to highlight the direct impacts of corruption upon environmental degradation, energy consumption, and economic progress. For this purpose, the analytical framework has been particularly used. Theoretically, environmental quality is expected to be directly influenced by corruption using taxation and regulations, while corruption affects economic growth which in turn affects the quality of environment. Therefore, economic growth is negatively influenced by the levels of corruptions. The higher the levels of corruption the lower will be the GDP level of an economy. This lower GDP level then influences the environmental quality, and thus confirms the EKC hypothesis. This paper has employed cointegration model for analyzing the association between environmental quality, energy consumption, corruption, and economic growth for the data involving 5 ASEAN countries i.e. Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines, and Indonesia for the years 1960-2021. The literature review has shown no empirical study that have employed cointegration model for examining the effects of corruption on energy consumption, environmental quality, and economic growth. The findings of the study are in line with the proposed hypothesis. The study which is among the pioneering studies will be helpful for policymakers and researchers.
Sustainable Growth in expanded BRICS: Linking Institutional performance, digital governance, and Green Finance to Environmental Impact
Authors: Al-Aiban Khalid M.
Published: April 2024

The main objective of the current study is to examine the impact of institutional performance, digital governance, and green finance on environmental performance within expanded BRICS nations that have undergone expansion. Key findings indicate that enhancing digital governance significantly reduces emissions; therefore, policies should be implemented to fortify digital infrastructure and promote environmentally responsible practices. The study utilized three discrete regression models to analyse the ecological impact and emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, providing insights into the primary greenhouse gases contributing to global climate change. In light of the intricate correlation between emissions and institutional performance, it is imperative to develop nuanced policies that effectively reconcile the need to strengthen institutions with environmental concerns. Green financing is a crucial element that advocates for policies that encourage investment in environmentally friendly initiatives and technology and has a net positive impact on emissions reduction. The adoption of sustainable practices is imperative for economic expansion due to the observed correlation between heightened emissions and economic capacity. To decouple environmental degradation from economic expansion, policies should be implemented to support green technologies. In summary, these results provide evidence in favour of a comprehensive policy approach within the BRICS countries, which ought to achieve a harmonious coexistence of environmental conservation and economic advancement, to the advantage of all stakeholders. The current study is carried out to promote environmental sustainability, reduce harmful activities, strengthen institutions for collaborative pollution management, and enforce stringent environmental regulations on foreign direct investment, the expanded BRICS nations should strive to reduce detrimental activities. Placing significant emphasis on the interdependent nature of economic development and its environmental ramifications is of utmost importance.
Nutrition nurses’ status, practices, and routines: an online cross-sectional survey
Authors: Gök Metin Zehra , Pars Hatice , Boeykens Kurt
Published: April 2024

Objectives: Nutrition is an integral component of care in the intensive care unit. However, no international comparison has been published about the status and practices of nutrition nurses, their legal titles, gained certificates, and routine duties. To describe the working conditions, educational background, nutrition-related practices, challenges, and future development needs of nutrition nurses in Türkiye, the European countries, and the USA.
Methods: A cross-sectional design was used. A thirty-three-item online cross-sectional survey was sent to nutrition support nurses in collaboration with national nutrition societies. The data were collected between November 2020 and August 2021. One-way ANOVA and chi-squared test were used to compare the three countries.
Results: Eighty-one nurses completed the survey: 44 (54.4%) from Türkiye, 27 (33.3%) from the European countries, and 10 (12.3%) from the USA. All nurses in Türkiye reported having a clinical nutrition support team, while 88.8% in the European countries and 80% of nurses in the USA had this team (p=0.040). Significant differences were found in terms of nurses’ age, length of service, estimated number of ambulant nutritional consultations per week, and time spent on nutritional practices during work (p<0.001). The type of first-line test for nasogastric tube placement was X-ray confirmation (70%) in the US, whereas it is auscultation (77.2%) in Türkiye and pH-testing of gastric aspirate (81.4%) in the European countries (p<0.001). The most frequently reported professional challenge among nurses in Türkiye (66%) and the European countries (22.5%) was having no legal job title.
Conclusion: These findings reflect the broader picture of nutrition nurses’ status and point out the need to develop standardized strategies for education and evidence-based nutrition practices. This study has revealed important differences in the roles and responsibilities of nutrition nurses. The study guides the future development needs of nutrition nurses, highlighting the standardized guidelines and protocols for nutrition practices and calling for comprehensive training programs.
Influence of Magnesium Doping Concentrations and annealing on the Transmittance and Energy Band-gap of Sb2S3 Thin Films Deposited via Chemical Bath Deposition Technique
Authors: Ele Ugochukwu Samuel , Nworie Ikechukwu Christian , Ojobeagu Austine Okechukwu , Otah Patricia Benedict , Nwulegu E. N.
Published: April 2024

The incorporation of thin film materials into a wide range of technological applications has attracted considerable interest owing to their distinct properties and versatile functionalities. In this study, Magnesium alloyed and Antimony sulphide (Sb2S3) thin films were successfully deposited on glass substrates by chemical bath deposition technique. The films were grown at room temperature of constant pH. The concentrations of magnesium varied between 0.1M and 0.3M. The films were annealed at annealing temperature between 100˚C and 300˚C at a fixed annealing time of 1 hour. The films were characterized using UV-spectrophotometer to investigate the variation of optical and solid state properties with wavelength in the UV-VIS-NIR region. The result showed that the presence of the alloying agent and annealing treatments modified the optical and solid state properties of the films significantly. The transmittance of the films was high. Annealing led to reduced transmittance due to increased crystallite size, notably in films doped with 0.1M Mg2+ ions and annealed at 200˚C, suggesting enhanced photon absorption. The energy band gaps were found to be direct and in the range of 1.25 eV to 1.72 eV for the as grown films and 1.15eV to 1.3eV for the films annealed at annealing temperatures 300˚C. The study identifies a direct correlation between magnesium doping concentration, annealing conditions, and shifts in the energy band-gap of the films.  The values of the energy band gaps are all within the range suitable for use of the layers as absorbers in hetero-junction solar cell devices for sustainable energy applications.
Determination of the Poisson ratio of Dry Ice as a Function of its Density
Authors: Morka John C. , Umukoro O. E. , Okeke N. B. , Uchechukwu A. K. , Okoh J.
Published: April 2024

The Poisson ratio of dry ice in relation to its density was determined in this study. In recent years, many studies have shown that it is meaningful to place some materials under stress paths corresponding to various conditions. However, the deformation evolution of these materials with consideration to their mechanical behaviour and characteristics has rarely been studied. Therefore, knowledge of the Poisson ration allows engineers and scientists predict how materials deform, help to determine material elastic properties, materials compatibility, materials characterization and materials selection and design. The experimental methodology encompassed a comprehensive analysis of dry ice samples with varying densities. A series of controlled compression tests were performed on these samples using specialized equipment. The resulting data were collected and analyzed to obtain the Poisson ratio values corresponding to different density levels of dry ice. The findings of the study revealed a distinct relationship between the Poisson ratio and the density of dry ice, providing valuable insights into the mechanical properties of this material. The methodology and outcomes presented here contribute to a deeper understanding of the behaviour of dry ice under compressive loads, paving the way for potential applications in various fields requiring precise knowledge of its mechanical characteristics. The result obtained showed a consistent relationship between the Poisson ratio of dry ice and its density, such that as the Poisson ratio decreased its corresponding density increased. These findings not only enhance our understanding of dry ice's mechanical behavior but also offer insights into the broader interplay between density and Poisson ratio in materials, with potential implications for diverse industrial and scientific applications.
Comparative Assessment of Optical and Solid-State Characteristics in Antimony-Doped Chalcogenide Thin Films of ZnSe and PbSe to Boost Photovoltaic Performance in Solar Cells
Authors: Nworie Ikechukwu Christian , Ishiwu S. M. U. , Agbo P. E. , Ojobeagu A. O. , Otah P. B. , Mbamara C. , Ojobo B.
Published: April 2024

Solar cell efficiency is crucial for maximizing the potential of solar energy as a sustainable power source. This research investigates the optical and solid-state properties of antimony-doped ZnSe and PbSe thin films using the spray pyrolysis technique. The process involves meticulous cleaning of soda-lime glass substrates, deposition of precursors (antimony chloride (SbCl3), lead chloride (PbCl2), hydrated zinc acetate (Zn (CH3COO) •3H2O), and sodium selenosulfide (NaSeSO3) via nebulizer-driven atomization onto heated substrates at a temperature of 80°C, and subsequent annealing at 300°C in a controlled nitrogen atmosphere for 60 minutes, facilitated by a tube furnace. Optical property evaluation through UV-Vis spectrophotometry reveals intriguing trends, such as a decrease in absorbance and an ascending transmittance with elongated wavelengths. Annealed films exhibit peak optical conductivity values around the visible spectrum, and augmented refractive indices correlate with increased wavelengths, further enhanced through annealing. Antimony doping influences band gap energy, making these materials promising for solar cell fabrication. This study underscores the potential of antimony-doped ZnSe and PbSe thin films to enhance solar cell efficiency. The films offer features like enhanced light trapping, lowered band gap energy, and improved charge transport characteristics, making them suitable for various solar cell applications, including antireflection coatings and light-trapping layers. Continued exploration and refinement of these materials are anticipated to lead to novel advancements in solar cell design and manufacturing, contributing to more efficient and impactful energy conversion techniques.
The Novel Concept of Roman Domination in Fuzzy Graph
Authors:   University of Mazandaran, Damghan University, Mojahedfar Masome , Talebi A.A. ,   University of Mazandaran, Rashmanlou Hossein ,   Damghan University
Published: April 2024

Suppose = , is a graph. A Roman dominating function (RDF) of is a function: â†’ {0,1,2} such that every vertex for which = 0 has a neighbor with = 2. The weight of an RDF is = Î£ âˆˆ . The Roman domination number (RDN) of a graph , denoted by â„˜, is the minimum weight of all possible RDFs. In this study, we define RDF on fuzzy graph (FG). Our purpose is to develop a notion of the RDF and also to present some basic definitions, notations, remarks, and proofs related to RDF on FGs.
On the Exponential Diophantine Equation 27^x – 11^y = z^2
Authors:   North East University Bangladesh, Gope Rathindra Chandra
Published: April 2024

In this article, we study and establish the theorem of the exponential Diophantine equation 27^x -11^y = z^2 , which has exactly two solutions where x, y and z are non-negative integers using Catalan’s conjecture, modular arithmetic, factorial method and elementary mathematical concepts.
A Study of Thermodynamic Heat Transfer and System Efficiency
Authors:   Comilla University, Akter Taslima , Islam Tanya ,   Basha Soinik Ajit Guha College, Hakim Md. Abdul ,   Comilla University
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we try to provide an overview of thermodynamics first and second laws, which mainly deal with the transfer of heat. We mainly focus on heat transfer devices and the efficiency of energy conversion. We discuss and construct different cycles, taking into consideration the conversion of any forms of energy under consideration, in particular heat, to work on a continuous basis, which is the fundamental objective of nuclear power plant owners. One needs to have a better understanding of cycles and the way they operate. An energy conversion device converts one form of energy into another, and it is a crucial component of societal evolution. In reality, significant developments in energy conversion technology can be used to analyze the development of civilization.
Educational environment in active learning and its possibilities in modern pedagogical process
Authors:   Bakı Qızlar Universiteti, Mustafayeva Shola
Published: April 2024

An active learning environment represents a dynamic shift in modern pedagogical practices, emphasizing student engagement, collaboration, and critical thinking. This process explores the possibilities inherent in active learning methodologies within the modern educational landscape. By developing interactive experiences, hands-on activities, and realworld applications, active learning enables students to actively construct their knowledge. Through this approach, educators facilitate deeper understanding and retention while developing key skills for continuous improvement. We will explore the transformational potential of active learning paradigms to increase the quality and effectiveness of the pedagogical process in modern educational conditions.
The Qur›anic Effect on Religious Discourse in the Works of Radhiyuddeen Ali ibn Tawoos Al-Hilli (d. 664 A H)
Authors: Raheem Kareem Al-Shareefi  , Hussain Ali Hussain Al-Fatli
Published: April 2024

The present paper attempts to elucidate the Qur›anic utilizationin religious discourse as adopted by Sayyid Radhiyuddeen Ali ibn Tawoos Al-Hilli(died 664 A H). This has been indicated in hisvarious plentiful supplications, wise aphorisms, commandments andgreat ethical letters. This is evident in such texts, where the Qur›anic effect has been demonstrated in such notions as the Divine contents, heavenly laws, their faith constants: whether in literal(direct) texts, non-literal(indirect) texts, or Qur›anic implications and meanings infiltrated in these texts.It has become clear to us in the light of his written records whichwe have studied, that the research ought to include an introductionentitled (The Glorious Qur›an, An Eternal Regenerated Text), ogetherwith two chapters: Chapter One (The Status of the Qur›an in the Literary Works of Sayyid Radhiyuddeen Ali ibn Tawoos Al-Hilli); Chapter Two: (Patterns of Qur›anic Effect in the Discourse of Radhiyuddeen Ali ibn Tawoos Al-Hilli).
The Travel of Bahraini Scholars between the Sixth and Ninth Centuries A H to Al-Hilla and its Cultural Antiquities
Authors: وسام عباس السبع
Published: April 2024

The present paper aims at observing the scholarly relations between Bahrain and Al-Hilla in the period between the sixth century and the ninth century A H through the scholarly travel of Bahraini scholars. It also aims at studying the cultural reflections of this travel, its results, the means of scholarly exchange between the two schools, the influencing factors on their scholarly relations, which merged the two countries, and finally the mutual impacts between the two scholarly schools: Al-Hilla and Bahrain.Furthermore, it tackles the aspects of scholarly relations between Al-Hilla and Bahrain, surveying in some detail the phenomenon of the scholarly immigration of Bahraini scholars to Al-Hilla and their scholarly efforts. We also concentrate on the phenomenon of exchanging scholarly authorization between the scholars of Bahrain and Al-Hilla, and the indications of the interaction of Bahraini scholars with the scholarly heritage of Al-Hilla School, especially in the field of jurisprudence.
The Significance of (ila) in the Verse of Ablution An Analytic Study in Ash-Sheikh Al-Qummi›s Style and Ibn Al-Ata›iqi›s Criticism
Authors: Jabbar Kadhim Al-Mulla
Published: April 2024

The present paper focuses on one question of Qur›anic jurisprudence(jurisprudential exegesis), namely, starting with cleaning the elbow when cleaning the hands in the ablution. I have used the term (jurisprudential exegesis) because the jurisprudence of this question has been based on a Qur›anic base. Hence, it has two dimensions: exegetic and jurisprudent. The first aim of this paper is to clarify (the criticism of jurisprudential exegesis). The limits of the study lie within the view of Ash-Shaikh Al-Qummi from the School of Qum and the view of Ash-Shaikh Ibnul-Ata›iqi Al-Hilli in his book Mukhtasar Tafseer Al-Qummi(Summary of Al-Qummi›s xegesis)from the School of Al-Hilla. The criticized view is
An Epistle of the Hajj (Pilgrimage) Combined with the umrah (Lesser Pilgrimage)and their Obligations Fakhrul-Muhaqqiqeen Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan ibn Yusuf ibn Al- Mutahhar Al-Hilli(May Allah sanctify his secret)(682-771 A H)
Authors: Hameed Rumuh Al-Hilli
Published: April 2024

The Epistle entitled (The Hajj (Pilgrimage) Combined with the umrah (Lesser Pilgrimage)and their Obligations) is one of the epistles written by the Grand Jurisprudent Fakhrul-Muhaqqiqeen Muhammad ibn Al-Hasan ibn Yusuf ibn Al- Mutahhar Al-Hilli(May Allah sanctify his secret)(682-771 A H) which he wrote appealing to one of the virtuous scholars- as he says. It is an Epistle which contains two chapters. Chapter One concerns the lesser pilgrimage, and Chapter Two deals with the annual Muslim Pilgrimage. Chapter One contains four ections. Section One deals with the manner of Ihram(State of onsecration), its place and its time; Section Two deals with Tawaf(Circumambulation) and its twelve obligations; Section Three tackles Sa›i (Hastening) and its obligations; Section Four deals with At-aqseer(Shortening of the Hair). Chapter Two includes eight sections: Section One deals with Ihram(State of Consecration) and its bligations; Section Two tackles Al-Wuqoof bi Arafat(Standing on Arafat) and its obligations; Section Three deals with Al- Wuqoof bil-Mash›ar(Standing on the Sacred Site) and its obligations: ectionFour tackles Manasik Mina(the Rites of Mina); Section Five studies Tawaful- Hajj(Circumambulation of Pilgrimage) and its obligations; Section Six deals with As-Sa›i lil-Hajj(Hastening to Pilgrimage); Section Seven deals with Tawafun- Nisa›(Women Circumambulation); Section Eight deals with the return to Mina. We have started the Epistle with an introduction containing a briefing of the writer, sayings of the scholars about him, mentioning some of his students and narrators, his works and a description of the two opies(manuscripts) adopted in the verification.
Al-Ikhwani (Brotherhood) Poetry in Hilla, An Analytical Study in Poetic Theme
Authors: Muthanna Hassan Khafaji
Published: April 2024

Hilla city had witnessed an enormous rise of literature since its establishment and its flame had continued for many centuries. The Arabic poetry was enjoying exuberance, diversity and creativeness and represented an artistic phenomena and overwhelming attribute of the cultural life in general.The positive result of the literary rise was the dynamic movement ofArabic poetry, its activeness and the diversity of its subjects to move from the old to the updated and to the modernized.One of the most prominent poetic arts was (Al-Ikhwaniyat / Brotherhoods) poetry which represented a clear literary theme and prominent artistic phenomena in the late centuries in general and in the poetry of Hilla at the same period in special.This research comes to shed a light on the composition of poetry of Hilla poets and their poetic lines in the art of (Al-Ikhwaniyat / Brotherhoods) poetry as a try to determine its early starts and magnitude, to what extend it was popular among the poets, the events and occasions which urged the poets to organize this type of poetry. Moreover
The productions of Hilla Scholars which had been translated into other languages
Authors: Abid Al-Haleem Awadh
Published: April 2024

The presented research has mentioned some of the titles of the scholars of Hilla School which had been translated into Persian, English and Urdu as well as those that have been printed. This confirms the pioneering role of the scholars at that era in studying and publishing the doctrine (Islam religion) of the grand of all messengers (Mohammed) (God’s blessings be upon him and his pure progeny).
A View on Textually Criticizing the (Odaat Al-Da’i Wa Najah Al-Sa’I / The Tools of the Invocator and the Success of the Inquirer) Book
Authors: Qais Bahjat Al-Atar
Published: April 2024

This research points out the importance of textual criticism, maintaining its rules, monitoring the text to avoid forgery and alteration, presenting the daunting task of the textual criticizer, showing the qualifications and skills which the textual criticizer needs to have to textually criticize the accuracy of the context, to master language, syntax and grammar, to master punctuation, to take precautions against altering the text, to put maximum efforts in writing footnotes and annotations, and to depend on authorized copies of the text based on their importance.The book of (Odaat Al-Da’i Wa Najah Al-Sa’I / The tools of the invocator and the success of the inquirer) by Ibin Fahad Al-Hilli has been taken as a sample to show all the above mentioned points after pointing out its importance and unique style among the books of invocations that’s why a suitable textual criticism is made for.
Hilla Scholars in the 'al-Kadhimi' poetry Poetry of Sheikh Kadhim al-Nouh
Authors: Abdul Karim al-Dabbagh
Published: April 2024

The scientific and literary production of Sheikh Kadhim al-Nouh became numerous, including his collection of poems which consists of three parts and an appendix that has not yet been printed. This collection is what he collected from his poetry after the printing of his collection in 1368 AH / 1949. He also has a collection of poems about the Ahlul Bayt (PBUT); printed in 1374 AH / 1955.He introduced many topics in his poetry, some of which are, eulogy, praise, preaching, guidance and flirtation…etc. The most important thing, that draws attention to the poetry of Sheikh Kadhim is the many dates of several events, facts, deaths, births, pilgrimages and many other events addressed in his poetry that surpassed (1075) incidents.This research is a document to what the poet said about the notable of the city of Hilla, the birthplace of his fathers, among them his father, Sheikh Salman Al-Nouh, and the uncle of his father the well-known poet Sheikh Hammadi al-Nouh.The research has an introduction and three chapters, the first chapter presented parts the biography of Sheikh Kadhim al-Nouh, the second chapter contained his description of the notables of the city of Hilla in general, and it can be entitled (Alhiliyat), the third chapter dealt with the poems he wrote about the al-Qazwini's in particular, and it can be entitled the "al-Qazwinyat".
Hilla and its Cultural Influence on Iran in the Seventh, Eighth and Ninth Hijri Centuries
Authors: Habibullah Babaei
Published: April 2024

The influence of the city of Hilla on the Iranian culture during the seventh to the ninth Hijri centuries was manifested in three dimensions: religious, gnostic (Irfan), and intellectual, and in three ways: a scientific way represented by the journeys of clerics and scientists, and morally reflected by the pilgrimage (Haj) convoys and economic represented by commercial caravans.Religiously and scientifically, the al-Hilly and his son Fakhrul Muhaqiqin had a leading role in transferring of Hilla sciences to Iran. Their role is of great magnitude due to converting from the Sunni and adhering to the Shia (the doctrine of Ahl al-Bayt peace be upon them).Sayyid Ibn Tawoos, Ibn Maitham Bahrani, Ibn Fahd al-Hilly and Sayyid Haider al-Amali have a great importance, gnostically and morally, in the bilateral relations between the two countries.
The grammatical term as for Ibn al-Ataaiqi (d. 790 AH)
Authors: Mohammed Munadhil Abbas
Published: April 2024

The research focuses on the grammatical term of Ibn al- Ataaiqi. Despite his religious orientation and his writings in various fields of science such as medicine, literature and language, he had written a book in grammar (al-Hudood al-Nahawiyah wal al-Ma'aakhith ala al-Hajibiyah). It was characterized by being concise and using selective words indicating the grammatical term, with an explanatory statement of what the term means.I examined four terms in his (al-Hudood al-NaHawiyah); to illustrate the grammatical effort of Ibn al-Ataaiqi in the selection of the term.I opined making the research of two axes:The first axis: Ibn al- Ataaiqi's antecedence in coining terms. I explained that he anteceded other grammarians by two terms namely: al-Murakab al-Wasfi (descriptive compound), and al-Murakab al-Taliqi the (annotating compound).The second axis: the agreement of Ibn al- Ataaiqi with the terminology of the grammarians, and his disagreement with them in style.It explained that Ibn al- Ataaiqi agreed with the grammarians in grammatical terminology and disagreed with the wording and the style. This was also shown in two terms: Ism al-Isharah (demonstrative pronoun) and Ism al-Mosool (relative pronoun) knowing that the rest of the terms are mentioned according to the second approach.Keywords: the grammatical term, al-Murakab al-Wasfi (descriptive compound), al-Murakab al-Taliqi (annotating compound), Ism al-Isharah (demonstrative pronoun) and Ism al-Mosool (relative pronoun)
The Explanation of Wajib al-Itiqad of Sayyid Sharaf Shah al-Husseini
Authors: Naeem Al-Khuza'ie
Published: April 2024

Sayyid Jalaluddin Abdullah ibn Sharaf Shah al-Husseini (alive 810 AH), is an eminent scholar and a virtuous Hadith narrator. Naseerul Deen Ali ibn Mohammed ibn Ali al-Kashi al-Hilly (d. 755 AH) is one of his teachers; and Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Fahd al-Hilly (d. 841 AH) is one of his students.He has several books of which is 'The Explanation of Wajib al-Itiqad (Obligatory Beliefs)'
The Syntactic lesson between Baghdad and Hilla - Ibn Alkashab(died567 hijri)
Authors: Assist prof. Dr. Kareem Hamaza Humady
Published: April 2024

Ibn Al kashab was Considered a Baghdadi Grammerian who (died567 hijri) one of the Grammerian who Sacrifice themselves for Arabic language. He had a great impressions in his Grammerians School (Baghdadion) and he went beyond to anther territories near Baghdad. Hilla city which reached during this period to the prosperity of thought and Knoeweldge and many of its Scientist were left to got lessons in grammar and language under Ibn Al kashab supervision. In Baghdad and from there he tried to search the impact of grammar which left by Ibn Al kashab in Baghdad and Hilla Cities and his student in Baghdad were more than thirty Grammerians while in Hilla there were nine Scientists and it's not enough to Show Ibn Al kashab students in two Cities but we have to show grammar lessons and asimple translation.
Poetry Of Ibn Jia Al_ Hilli (died 579 ah)
Authors: Dr. Muthana Hassan al-Khafaji
Published: April 2024

Perhaps one of the most striking pieces of evidence of the literary development in Hilla, since its establishment, is the number of great writers and poets who enriched the cultural field with their great literary achievements. One of them is the writer Sheikh Muhammad bin Jiya al-Hali (d. 579 AH), who is one of the most prominent writers in Iraq generally and in Hilla in particular in the sixth Hijri century. However, he has not received great attention from researchers and scholars in our time that suits his production and literary status. There are only a few attempts in this regard. Therefore, we took on the task of reviving the literary heritage of Ibn Jiya by compiling, studying, and textually criticizing his works.
Addressing Imam Mahdi in the Poetry of Sayyid Haider al-Hilly (Depending on the issue of waiting and mobilization)
Authors: Dr. Sudabah Muthafari
Published: April 2024

In contemporary Arabic literature, especially in the field of poetry, a modern type of Mahdist literature has been opened, in which writers and poets have introduced the promised Mahdi (PBUH) and explained all his related issues mentioned in the hadiths and Sunnah. Among the contemporary Arab poets who followed this approach is Sayyid Haider al-Hilly, the contemporary Iraqi poet who is best known as the “Na'i al-Taf”. His poems concentrated on addressing Imam Mahdi like waiting for the Imam Mahdi's reappearance, mobilization, and complaining for him (PBUH) about the problems of the Muslims and especially the Shia. His poems were characterized by describing the Imam and mentioning his special virtues. This research aims at studying the issue of waiting and mobilization for Imam Mahdi and the complaint of the poet and objection to the delay of the Imam's reappearance in the poems of Sayyid Haider al-Hilly in the framework of the analytical-descriptive approach.
The frequencies between Al-Muhaqqiq Al-Hilli and Al-Allamah Al-Hilli Worship an example
Authors: M.Dr.Ammar Hussein Al-Ansari
Published: April 2024

There are cases in which the jurist calls for a clear decision in which there is no room for stopping or swinging in devising the legal ruling, and this is called hesitation، and this stopping and swing has many reasons, including presenting opinions, evidence, discussing and responding to them, or the presence of conflicting evidence or relying on evidence likely in their view. Or reliance on various assumptions required by the nature of the discussion of others, or the indication of pronunciation on more than one meaning or equivalence between evidence in terms of strength or loss of text or difference in documenting narrators or the existence of clues, whether from outside or from within the text can benefit from it, or that the nature of evidence Do not allow it of this, and this calls from the jurist swing stop and hesitation in issuing the final legal ruling of the question of taking into account the case of the taxpayer.
Explanation of the eleventh section Sheikh’s Classification Sharaf shah al-Husaini
Authors: Sheikh Naim Khalaf Al Khuzaie
Published: April 2024

The scientific estate was the birth of scientists, and the virtues who are classified in the Islamic sciences all of jurisprudence, assets, literature, ethics, doctrines, etc., and important books in matters of dogma origins book (Chapter XI) of the scholar al-Hallabi (d. 726 e), which he added a section Finally, when explaining the lamp Almajahjed composed by Sheikh Tusi (d.460 e), has been characterized by the strength of the phrase, and brief, and its importance, and the need was under the eyes of scientists, and has saturated the explanation, comment, and scrutiny, and these explanations of which was lengthy, including what was Briefly, and from these annotations explain Mr.Jalal Al The religion of Abdullah bin Sharaf Shah al-Husseini (alive 810 e), an explanation characterized by short, depth, good phrase, and ease of handling, the aim of achieving it is to bring it to light; in order to benefit from the reader, especially the owners .
The Names of The Old Areas of Hilla A search of linguistic origins
Authors: Prof. Mohsen Hussein Ali Al-Khafaji
Published: April 2024

Hilla city had many researches due to its importance and vital impact in the overall public life in Iraqi society، the issue has received many researches and studies، and if those studies and studies have shed light on various aspects of that given city، there is an aspect that is no less important. It is the linguistic aspect which is sufficient to clarify many of the contents and facts that any researcher or investigator intends to reach، and this is what this research that was held under the title (The Names of The Old Areas of Hilla - A Search of Linguistic Origins) included. Introduction، text، and summary، then list of resources and references.The research - in general - stands at one of the angles of studies that dealt with Hilla، or the cities of Hilla in terms of specificity، revealing its linguistic origins، and identifying the root that the name of this city was derived from by checking - if possible - countries' books، linguistic lexicons، history books، etc. The purpose of the study was to find out the origin of the designations، the reason for the names. The means of that was language which undoubtedly a tool to add much information to the knowledge field.
A message about color, the realization of what it is, and For Allama Halli (d.726 AH) an explanation of its rulings
Authors: Dr. Ibrahim Noei
Published: April 2024

This is a rare letter from the letters dealing with the truth of color and its rulings, composed by the scholar Al-Hilli (d. 726AH),In it he was interested in researching the truth of color and its rulings among the speakers and wismen, and he made them in eight sections , and at end of each study he mentioned the problems of Khawajh Rashid al_Din Fadlallah al- Hamdani ( d. 718 AH) , on the ideas of speakers and sagesIn achieving this message, we have relied on two manuscripts in Turkey, and we have made every effort to produce and present them.
The Effect of the Abrogating and the Abrogated on the Explanatory Weightings According to the Scientists of Hilla
Authors: أ. د .  محمد حسين علي الصغير  , ميثاق عباس هادي الخفاجي
Published: April 2024

This research deals with the effect of the abrogating and abrogated in the interpretational preferences of the scholars of Hilla, after it was found that there is no sufficient evidence to determine the amount of abrogation in the Holy Qur’an, except in some resources, and this indicates that the issue is in dispute among the commentators, and the Scientists of Hilla had a clear impact on the interest in abrogation Qur’an and its definition and weighting between the explanatory statements that have been subjected to abrogation and criticize it. And we show that there is a difference in the number of abrogated in the Holy Qur’an by the Holy Qur’an, and Scientists of Hilla have a specific insight at identifying the abrogated with definitive evidence such as unanimity and the frequent text, given that the abrogated is like the Qur’an. Considering that the Qur’anic text is definitive, it is abrogated only by a definitive one.The research explained - in its three demands - that the preponderance of the scholars of al-Hilla with abrogation was based on the statements of the commentators and the most famous saying of abrogation and consider whether it was abrogated or not.
The Efforts of Dr. Abbas Hani Al-Jarrakh in Investigating Al-Hilli Poets' Divans
Authors: كريم فيضي منادي
Published: April 2024

This research focuses on the efforts of Dr. Abbas Hani Al-Jarrakh in collecting and verifying of Al-Hilli poems on the first and second narrations. Some poets had divans that no longer exist, and none has used them. Others have written poetry, but no divan has saved them, but some courses conveyed some of their works. Therefore, some of the most distinguished investigators collected these poems and what was forgotten in one place by verifying and presenting them with scientific studies. Among them was the investigator, Dr. Abbas Al-Jarrakh, who had a great effort to work on reviving these collections. And he produced it with his extensive experience in accordance with a sound scientific approach.