bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Параметрическое исследование двух устойчивых форм горения разряда в холловском двигателе
Authors: Хмелевской И.А. , Томилин Д.А.
Published: August 2019

In this paper the behavior of the integral parameters of the Hall thruster (thrust, specific thrust impulse) in two stable discharge modes were experimentally investigated. This modes significantly different from each other in anode efficiency. The studies were carried out on a laboratory model of Hall thruster with the external discharge zone with the middle-line diameter equal to 77 mm. The discharge voltage was in the range of 500-900 V and a gas flow rate was from 2.0 to 5 mg/s. The most striking differences between the discharge modes are the shape of the plasma plume and the value of the discharge current at practically identical input parameters of operation (gas flow rate, discharge voltage, magnetic field). It is shown that in the entire studied range of input parameters during the transition from the optimal mode (in terms of the efficiency) to the suboptimal mode the main integral characteristics of the thruster suddenly change: the discharge current increases by 10-30% with the simultaneous relative drop of thrust by 5-15% and efficiency by 20-40%. A detailed study of the structure of the anode efficiency showed that when the transition between modes occurs the electron current efficiency (the ratio of the ion current to the discharge current) abruptly changes, that is, the electronic conductivity in the discharge channel of the thruster changes too.
Эффективный ротационный потенциал молекулярных ионов в плоской радиочастотной ловушке
Authors: Васильев И.А. , Кущенко О.М. , Рудый С.С. , Рождественский Ю.В.
Published: August 2019

In the present article we first described the concept of effective rotation potential (ERP) – the analog of well-known pseudopotential for the case of a charged diatomic particle model localization in the 2D quadrupole RF trap. We have shown that ERP can be used for describing dynamic of wide range specific charged diatomic-like particles with separate centers of masses and charges. We have compared the result of pseudopotential-averaging for single ion localization and ERP-averaging for diatomic-like charge structure and obtained additional quasi-equilibrium points both for the center of masses motion (COM) and for angle orientation. The additional quasi-equilibrium points strongly influence on dynamics and mass-selective characteristics of diatomic-like charge structure at the case of localization in a quadrupole ion trap.
Нелинейный магнитооптический резонанс в парах -=SUP=-87-=/SUP=-Rb: влияние паразитных магнитных полей и интенсивности возбуждающего излучения на основные характеристики эффекта в ячейках с антирелаксационным покрытием
Authors: Алипиева Е.A. , Таскова Е.T. , Тодоров Г.Ц. , Полищук В.А. , Вартанян Т.А.
Published: August 2019

AbstractThe nonlinear Hanle effect is generally considered in the modern literature as a particular case of coherent population trapping (CPT) at degenerate Zeeman sublevels of the ground atomic state. The shape, amplitude, and sign of observed resonances and their dependence on the excitation parameters and observation geometry were investigated theoretically and experimentally in many studies because of the wide range of application of this effect. The sensitivity of Hanle resonances to the experimental conditions increases significantly in cells with antirelaxation coating, because the atomic ensemble retains its coherence after a large number of collisions with the cell walls. In this paper, the main attention is paid to the joint influence of the excitation radiation intensity and spurious magnetic fields on CPT resonances observed in fluorescence. The theoretical description is based on the numerical solution of an algebraic system of equations for density matrix $$\hat {\rho }$$ in the formalism of irreducible tensor operators. The parameters relating different polarization moments in each equation are visualized using the modified sparse matrix of the system. It is established by numerical simulation that the shape, width, amplitude, and sign of nonlinear magnetooptical resonances change nonmonotonically with a change in the parameters of the excitation radiation and atomic system. The presented theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental data obtained under various conditions.
Влияние разогрева активной области на динамические и мощностные характеристики квантовых каскадных лазеров, излучающих на длине волны 4.8 μm при комнатной температуре
Authors: Дюделев В.В. , Мамутин В.В. , Чистяков Д.В. , Когновицкая Е.А. , Кучинский В.И. , Малеев Н.А. , Васильев А.П. , Кузьменков А.Г. , Устинов В.М. , Соколовский Г.С.
Published: August 2019

AbstractResults of studying stripe quantum cascade lasers emitting at room temperature in the spectral range of 4.8 µm are presented. Power characteristics and turn-on dynamics of the lasers upon pulse pumping are studied. The performed investigations demonstrate the presence of a significant heating of the active region during the pump pulse.
Моделирование фазовых сдвигов света в порядках дифракционных решеток интерференционного датчика линейных перемещений
Authors: Одиноков С.Б. , Шишова М.В. , Жердев А.Ю. , Ковалев М.С. , Галкин М.Л. , Венедиктов В.Ю.
Published: August 2019

Phase shifts of light in the orders of diffraction gratings for the interference sensor of linear displacements are considered. The use of a phase diffraction grating with given geometrical parameters of the surface relief makes it possible to stabilize the phase relationships in the optical signals and, as a result, in the final signals taken from the displacement sensor. Based on mathematical modeling data, technically feasible parameters of the surface relief of diffraction gratings are proposed to create the required phase shifts between the diffracted beams and quadrature modulation signals and to achieve the required measurement accuracy with nanometric resolution.
Возможность синтеза наноразмерного карбида молибдена в атмосферной электроразрядной плазме
Authors: Пак А.Я.
Published: August 2019

The paper presents the results of the experimental studies demonstrating the possibility of obtaining the crystalline phases of molybdenum carbide in a DC arc discharge plasma initiated inside a hollow graphite cathode under ambient air conditions. According to X-ray diffraction data in the powder synthesis product two phases of molybdenum carbide are identified: Mo1.2C0.8 and Mo2C, as well as graphite and metallic molybdenum. According to transmission electron microscopy data, molybdenum carbide particles are located in the carbon matrix, particles are characterized by sizes mostly not exceeding 5-10 nm.
Спектры нормальных мод иерархических ансамблей взаимосвязанных осцилляторов
Authors: Сафина О.С. , Воронов А.В. , Сафин А.Р. , Булатов М.Ф. , Чуриков Д.В. , Суровяткина Е.Д.
Published: August 2019

The family of spectra of normal modes of hierarchical networks of the identical mutually coupled oscillators with different topology of the organization is constructed. It is shown that treelike networks
possess a fractal range of normal modes of type " devil's staircase", and with growth of quantity of branching lines and at introduction of additional inter-element couplings of network the quantity of degenerate modes increases. The analysis of influence of topology of networks and forces of communications between its elements on spectral characteristics is provided
Нанокристаллы магнетита с повышенной константой магнитной анизотропии, наведенной формой частицы
Authors: Столяр С.В. , Комогорцев С.В. , Чеканова Л.А. , Ярославцев Р.Н. , Баюков О.А. , Великанов Д.А. , Волочаев М.Н. , Черемискина Е.В. , Bairmani M.Sh. , Ерошенко П.Е. , Исхаков Р.С.
Published: August 2019

Square-plated magnetite nanocrystals with a high aspect ratio (~ 1/9) are prepared by the co-precipitation from a solution in the presence of arabinogalactan. The magnetic anisotropy constant of particles is several times higher than the constant of spherical magnetite particles, which leads to increased hysteresis properties for specific volume of the particle.
Кинетика фототока УФ-сенсора на основе нанонитей индий-цинк оксида
Authors: Борисков П.П. , Березина О.Я. , Маркова Н.П. , Пергамент А.Л.
Published: August 2019

The paper presents an analysis of the experiments on current rise and fall kinetics under the influence of hard ultraviolet radiation on the indium-zinc oxide fibrous layer obtained by electrospinning. It is shown that the photocurrent increase rate can be varied by the radiation intensity, and its decrease – by the oxygen partial pressure on the nanofibers’ surface. The proposed UV sensor with a layer of nanoscale fibers possesses a higher response rate as compared to that of homogeneous film structures due to the significantly larger area of the active surface, where the centers of oxygen adsorption are concentrated.
Глубокая 3D-рентгенолитография на основе высококонтрастного рентгенорезиста
Authors: Назьмов В.П.
Published: August 2019

In the classical X-ray lithography, the X-ray beam is perpendicular to both the mask and the resist layer; the beam starts to create microstructure along its path without transverse modulation. With the advanced technique of tilting and rotating the mask/resist layer and due account of properties of X-ray resist, multiple exposure enables creation of real 3D shape with submicrometer accuracy. This paper presents a technique of creation of real 3D microstructures with application of multi-beam X-ray lithography. This technique enables creation of a large number of 3D structures.
Ступенчатое сжатие плазмы многозарядных ионов в протяженном продольном малоиндуктивном сильноточном Z-разряде
Authors: Бурцев В.А. , Калинин Н.В.
Published: August 2019

The features of the multicharged ion plasma dynamics in the extended low-inductive high-current discharge with power supply system based on high-voltage generator and transmission lines was analyzed. It is shown that the power supply systems of the considered type allow one to obtain the stepwise plasma compression and heating, which creates additional programming possibilities for physical and spectroscopic characteristics, in particular, of the ionic composition of the plasma.
Локализация деформации при диаметральном сжатии керамики ZrO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=- (Y-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-)
Authors: Севостьянова И.Н. , Саблина Т.Ю. , Горбатенко В.В. , Кульков С.Н.
Published: August 2019

The deformation behavior of ZrO2-Y2O3 ceramics under diametral compression was studied using the digital image correlation. Spatial-temporal patterns of strain localization along the axis of the deformable specimen εxx (x) and across the axis of the deformable specimen εyy (y) were obtained. It has been established that the accumulation of εxx and εyy deformations when testing ceramic ZrO2 (Y2O3) samples for diametral compression is non-uniform over the sample. In this case, the microstructural parameters change, such as the size of the coherently diffracting domains (CDDs) of the tetragonal phase and microstresses, the tetragonally monoclinic transformation is realized, and this localization correlates with the fixed non-uniform of the microstresses in the material volume.
Исследование механических характеристик нативных фибробластов с помощью атомно-силового микроскопа
Authors: Тимощук К.И. , Халисов М.М. , Пеннияйнен В.А. , Крылов Б.В. , Анкудинов А.В.
Published: August 2019

It was found that living fibroblasts become more rigid after exposure to colchicine. For reliable measurements, we identified the cells, that during indentation interact with weak lateral forces that do not distort the normal force contribution. The atomic force microscopy data of the mechanical characteristics of such cells are interpreted unambiguously.
Оптическое усиление в сильнолегированных структурах Al-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-Ga-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-N : Si
Authors: Бохан П.А. , Журавлёв К.С. , Закревский Дм.Э. , Малин Т.В. , Осинных И.В. , Фатеев Н.В.
Published: August 2019

The gain characteristics of heavily doped AlxGa1-xN/AlN: Si structures with x = 0.65 and 0.74 under optical pumping by a pulsed Nd:YAG laser radiation with lambda= 266 nm have been experimentally studied at room temperature. The absolute values of the optical gains are (0.5–6)*10^3 сm-1 in the maximum of the luminescence spectrum at the excitation power density (8–600) kW/cm2. The obtained cross sections for the radiative and donor–acceptor recombination coincide with each other and exceed the 10^(-16) сm2.
Масс-спектрометрическое наблюдение иона С-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=- при электрораспылении с атомизацией в источнике
Authors: Дьяченко А.А. , Блашенков Н.М. , Самсонова Н.С. , Галль Л.Н. , Семенов А.А. , Лизунов А.В. , Галль Н.Р.
Published: August 2019

AbstractCarbon C^+ ions formed in a mass-spectrometric electrospray source with controlled in-source fragmentation and atomization interface have been observed for the first time. The measurements were performed in a special MI-20 LowMass mass spectrometer (MS-Bio LLC) using aqueous methanol solutions of lithium and beryllium salts. The peak of C^+ ions was substantially broadened as compared to the peaks of metal ions. A model is proposed that explains the formation of C^+ ions due to charge exchange immediately at the high-vacuum boundary near the skimmer output.
Weekend effect and financial characteristics: is there any relation in Latin America?
Authors: Mongrut Samuel , Delfino Cinzia
Published: August 2019

This study seeks to investigate the presence of the weekend effect in six Latin American markets (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru) and to show the relationship between the weekend effect and investment portfolios sorted by four financial characteristics: stock market liquidity, current liquidity ratio, market capitalization (size) and price-to-book ratio. Using an extension of the French (1980) Model and a portfolio study we identify a significant weekend effect in all countries and found a negative relation between the weekend effect and four financial characteristics: the weekend effect is stronger in portfolios that contain stocks with low market liquidity, securities with low current liquidity ratios, small cap stocks (size) and stocks with low price-to-book ratios. As opposed to previous studies, we suggest that the weekend effect may be influenced by the investment of institutional investors in securitized loans issued by companies with value stocks and tight current liquidity ratios, and by the investment of individual investors in small-cap and illiquid stocks.
Active portfolio management in the Andean countries’ stock markets with Markov-Switching GARCH models
Authors: De la Torre-Torres Oscar V. , Aguilasocho-Montoya Dora , Álvarez-García José
Published: August 2019

In the present paper we test the benefits of using two-regime Markov-Switching (MS) models in the stock markets of the MSCI Andean index (Chile, Colombia and Perú). We tested this with either, constant, ARCH or GARCH variances and Gaussian or t-Student log-likelihood functions. By performing 996 weekly simulations from January 2000 to January 2019 with each MS model, we tested the next investment strategy for a U.S. dollar based investor: 1) to invest in the risk-free asset if the probability of being in the high-volatility regime at t+1 is higher than 50 % or 2) to do it in the stock market index otherwise. Our results suggest that the Gaussian MS-GARCH models are the most suitable to generate alpha in the Chilean stock market and the Gaussian MS-ARCH in the Colombian one. For the Peruvian case, we found that is preferable to perform passive investing instead of active trading.
Navigating Through Electronic Health Records: Survey Study on Medical Students’ Perspectives in General and With Regard to a Specific Training
Authors: Herrmann-Werner Anne , Holderried Martin , Loda Teresa , Malek Nisar , Zipfel Stephan , Holderried Friederike
Published: August 2019

Background

An electronic health record (EHR) is the state-of-the-art method for ensuring all data concerning a given patient are up to date for use by multidisciplinary hospital teams. Therefore, medical students need to be trained to use health information technologies within this environment from the early stages of their education.

Objective

As little is known about the effects of specific training within the medical curriculum, this study aimed to develop a course module and evaluate it to offer best practice teaching for today’s students. Moreover, we looked at the acceptance of new technologies such as EHRs.

Methods

Fifth-year medical students (N=104) at the University of Tübingen took part in a standardized two-day training procedure about the advantages and risks of EHR use. After the training, students performed their own EHR entries on hypothetical patient cases in a safe practice environment. In addition, questionnaires—standardized and with open-ended questions—were administered to assess students’ experiences with a new teaching module, a newly developed EHR simulator, the acceptance of the health technology, and their attitudes toward it before and after training.

Results

After the teaching, students rated the benefit of EHR training for medical knowledge significantly higher than before the session (mean 3.74, SD 1.05). However, they also had doubts about the long-term benefit of EHRs for multidisciplinary coworking after training (mean 1.96, SD 0.65). The special training with simulation software was rated as helpful for preparing students (88/102, 86.2%), but they still did not feel safe in all aspects of EHR.

Conclusions

A specific simulated training on using EHRs helped students improve their knowledge and become more aware of the risks and challenges of such a system. Overall, students welcomed the new training module and supported the integration of EHR teaching into the medical curriculum. Further studies are needed to optimize training modules and make use of long-term feedback opportunities a simulated system offers.
A Crowdsourced Physician Finder Prototype Platform for Men Who Have Sex with Men in China: Qualitative Study of Acceptability and Feasibility
Authors: Wu Dan , Huang Wenting , Zhao Peipei , Li Chunyan , Cao Bolin , Wang Yifan , Stoneking Shelby , Tang Weiming , Luo Zhenzhou , Wei Chongyi , Tucker Joseph
Published: August 2019

Background

Men who have sex with men (MSM), including both gay and bisexual men, have a high prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in China. However, healthcare seeking behaviors and engagement in clinical services among MSM are often suboptimal. Global evidence shows that embedding online HIV or sexual health services into gay social networking applications holds promise for facilitating higher rates of healthcare utilization among MSM. We developed a prototype of a gay-friendly health services platform, designed for integration within a popular gay social networking app (Blued) in China.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of the platform and ask for user feedback through focus group interviews with young MSM in Guangzhou and Shenzhen, cities in Southern China.

Methods

The prototype was developed through an open, national crowdsourcing contest. Open crowdsourcing contests solicit community input on a topic in order to identify potential improvements and implement creative solutions. The prototype included a local, gay-friendly, STI physician finder tool and online psychological consulting services. Semistructured focus group discussions were conducted with MSM to ask for their feedback on the platform, and a short survey was administered following discussions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data in NVivo, and we developed a codebook based on the first interview. Double coding was conducted, and discrepancies were discussed with a third individual until consensus was reached. We then carried out descriptive analysis of the survey data.

Results

A total of 34 participants attended four focus group discussions. The mean age was 27.3 years old (SD 4.6). A total of 32 (94%) participants obtained at least university education, and 29 (85%) men had seen a doctor at least once before. Our survey results showed that 24 (71%) participants had interest in using the online health services platform and 25 (74%) thought that the system was easy to use. Qualitative data also revealed that there was a high demand for gay-friendly healthcare services which could help with care seeking. Men felt that the platform could bridge gaps in the existing HIV or STI service delivery system, specifically by identifying local gay-friendly physicians and counselors, providing access to online physician consultation and psychological counseling services, creating space for peer support, and distributing pre-exposure prophylaxis and sexual health education.

Conclusions

Crowdsourcing can help develop a community-centered online platform linking MSM to local gay-friendly HIV or STI services. Further research on developing social media–based platforms for MSM and evaluating the effectiveness of such platforms may be useful for improving sexual health outcomes.
An Ototoxicity Grading System Within a Mobile App (OtoCalc) for a Resource-Limited Setting to Guide Grading and Management of Drug-Induced Hearing Loss in Patients With Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis: Prospective, Cross-Sectional Case Series
Authors: Hollander Cara , Joubert Karin , Schellack Natalie
Published: August 2019

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) affects millions of people worldwide and is treated with medication including aminoglycosides and polypeptides. Individuals respond differently to medications as a result of their genetic inheritance. These differences in genetic inheritance can result in the underdosing or overdosing of medication, which may affect the efficacy or, in the case of aminoglycosides and polypeptides used in the treatment of all forms of TB, result in ototoxicity. When ototoxicity is detected, physicians should adjust dosages to minimize further ototoxicity and hearing loss; however, there are no suitable grading systems to define significant hearing loss.

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop a standardized grading system by making use of an electronic health (eHealth) platform to ensure that a user-friendly method was available to interpret hearing test results, calculate significant hearing loss, and provide recommendations with regard to dosage adjustments and management. It further aimed to establish the sensitivity of the newly developed grading scale.

Methods

This grading system was developed in South Africa based on data that were obtained from an audiology and pharmacokinetic study on patients with drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) at two DR-TB units at state-run hospitals. This feasibility study employed a prospective, cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive case series research design, with a total of 22 participants. Participants underwent audiological and pharmacological assessments at baseline and every 2 weeks for the first 3 months of treatment. Various professionals (8 in total) were subsequently involved in the development of the eHealth system, including a software engineer, four audiologists, a pharmacist, a medical doctor, and a nurse. The app underwent 14 modifications that involved aspects of data storage, ease of usability, grades, and the risk factor checklist.

Results

An ototoxicity grading system within a mobile app for use by doctors, nurses, and audiologists was developed for patients with DR-TB. The purpose of this user-friendly ototoxicity calculator, OtoCalc, is to (1) assist health professionals in assessing patients for ototoxicity, (2) establish the clinical significance of ototoxicity by calculating the grade of hearing loss, (3) monitor the progression of hearing loss, and (4) enable systematic referral and management of patients according to their needs.

Conclusions

This newly developed system is more sensitive than the existing grading methods for determining ototoxicity in patients with DR-TB. This app needs to be trialed in a larger sample to establish data security, ease of use, and suitability within this population.
Impact of Training of Primary Health Care Centers’ Vaccinators on Immunization Session Practices in Wasit Governorate, Iraq: Interventional Study
Authors: Amily Ali Sadiq , Lami Faris , Khader Yousef
Published: August 2019

Background

Immunization averts more than 2.5 million deaths of children annually. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund estimates of immunization coverage in Iraq in 2015 revealed a 58% coverage for the third dose of the diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine and a 57% coverage for the measles vaccine. High-quality immunization session practices (ISPs) can ensure safer, more effective vaccination and higher coverage rates.

Objective

The goal of this study was to assess the impact of training of primary health care centers’ (PHCs) vaccinators on the quality of ISPs.

Methods

This was an interventional study conducted on 10 (18%) PHCs in Wasit Governorate. Two PHCs were randomly selected from each health district. ISPs were assessed by direct on-job observation, using modified WHO immunization session checklists. Findings were grouped into seven domains: vaccine and diluent management, cold chain management, session equipment, registration, communication, vaccine preparation and administration, and waste management. The vaccinators were enrolled in a one-day training session using the WHO module, “Managing an Immunization Session”, and one month later a second assessment was conducted using the same tools and techniques. We then calculated the median differences of the domains' scores.

Results

A total of 42 vaccinators were trained, with 25 (60%) of them having graduated from technical health institutes, but only 15 (36%) having had previous training on standard ISPs. Following training, a significant improvement was noticed in three domains: vaccines and diluents management (P=.01), cold chain management (P=.01) and vaccine preparation and administration (P=.02).

Conclusions

The training of the PHCs' vaccinators for a single day was effective in improving some ISPs. We would recommend using this training module, or a more in-depth one, for other PHCs to improve utilization of immunization services.
La palabra fragante. Cantos chamánicos tzeltales
Authors: Lorente Fernández David
Published: August 2019

Una palabra aromática es claramente una sinestesia –fusión sonora y olfativa– pero también una apreciación perspectivista. Una palabra fragante que, en lugar de escucharse, se percibe por el olfato, implica de alguna manera un punto de vista diferente del ordinario: alguien para quien los rezos resultan aromáticos. El hecho de que una sinestesia sea el título de un libro de cantos podría llevarnos a pensar en una bella figura retórica como las empleadas por la lírica occidental (como en el simbolismo de Rubén Darío y sus “dulces azules” o los “melodiosos oros” de Juan Ramón Jiménez). Pero la obra de Pitarch nos interpela con la pregunta: ¿Y si la poesía del lenguaje fuese estrictamente “real”? ¿Es el “lenguaje poético” un modo de captar y vivir la realidad en otras coordenadas humanas? Más allá de placer estético o juego formal, como en Occidente, ¿sería el arte poético un reflejo de la realidad-real –colectiva, ceremonial o cotidiana– para alguna cultura? A diferencia de la lírica de tradición europea, la poesía “cantada” tzeltal no es metafórica, ni esteticista, ni simbolista, sino pragmática: es utilitaria y tiene una finalidad prosaica consistente en recuperar la salud del paciente durante las sesiones chamánicas. Estamos ante una reflexión acerca del estatus ontológico de la poesía.
A Developmental Analysis of Children’s Equivalence-class Formation and Disruption
Authors: Pilgrim Carol , Click Rebecca , Galizio Mark
Published: August 2019

Developmental differences in children’s conditional discrimination learning, equivalenceclass formation, and equivalence-class disruption were investigated in two experiments. In Experiment 1, children between 2 and 9 years of age demonstrated age-related differences across a series of preliminary training steps, such that time to acquisition was more variable for younger than for older children on an initial identity matching and category matching task. However, uponcompletion of the preliminary training, there were no age-related differences in time to acquisition of the two arbitrary conditional discriminations that would serve as the basis for equivalence-class formation, nor were there differences in time to demonstrate stable equivalence classes (Experiment 2). Also in Experiment 2, children between 2 and 14 years of age were exposed to a potential challenge to the demonstrated equivalence classes; the reinforcement contingency for theAC conditional discrimination was reversed (i.e., given A1, A2 or A3, reinforcers were produced by selecting C2, C3, or C1 respectively). While there was little change in performance on reflexivity or BA symmetry tests following the challenge, age-related differences were obtained for CA symmetry and combined tests for equivalence. The older children were more likely to demonstrate an orderly change in equivalence-class membership consistent with the reversal training, while the younger children showed either little change or substantial disruption in their equivalence patterns. These data are considered in relation to more traditional investigations of children’s category formation, as well as their implications for the study of equivalence-class formation and flexibility.
Algunas Observaciones sobre el “Control del Estímulo”
Authors: Ribes Iñesta Emilio
Published: August 2019

Se reflexiona sobre el concepto de control del estímulo en la teoría del condicionamiento operante y, en especial, sobre el concepto de estímulo discriminativo. Para ello se señalan los problemas lógicos y definicionales que reviste el uso del concepto de estímulo en general y el de estímulo discriminativo en particular. Se reseñan diversos experimentos del autor para mostrar la incapacidad del concepto de estímulo discriminativo para dar cuenta de una serie de datos que muestran las insuficiencias lógicas y empíricas del concepto.
A crise da soberania e a era do constitucionalismo dos Direitos Humanos
Authors: Vilela Helena Cristina Aguiar de Paula
Published: August 2019

A Carta das Nações Unidas e a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos, aliada a outros documentos internacionais que se seguiram, definiram o marco do fim do modelo vestefaliano que predominou por três séculos e representou a consolidação do Estado Nacional soberano. A partir dessa premissa, o objetivo do presente artigo se constitui em desvendar em que medida o novo constitucionalismo inaugurado pós-Guerra abalou a soberania estatal. Para que esse objetivo fosse alcançado, foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica, realizada por meio de consulta em livros e artigos publicados, citando, em particular, os autores modernos, como Hobbes, Rousseau e Kant que fundamentaram o poder político, além da doutrina estrangeira que ressaltou o novo modelo de constitucionalização de acordo com as práticas sociais, como Zumbansen (2012), Müller (2014) e Petters (2012). Com base nestas teorias, vale destacar que com a implantação do direito internacional dos direitos humanos, um novo modelo de constitucionalização emergiu. O modelo de Estado soberano e constituição, que serviam de parâmetros para o estudo do constitucionalismo moderno, encontraram desafios que não deixaram a teoria tradicional intacta.
Pontos e contrapontos das concepções de justiça defendidas por Rawls e Dworkin
Authors: Hammes Leila Viviane Scherer
Published: August 2019

Existem pontos de convergência e de divergência entre as concepções de justiça defendidas por Rawls e Dworkin? Esse questionamento será o fio condutor do presente artigo que se baseia em pesquisa qualitativa e tem por objetivos analisar as concepções de justiça de Rawls e Dworkin e identificar pontos de convergência e de divergência entre ambas as concepções. Para tanto, será utilizada a técnica bibliográfica e o método dedutivo. O tema justiça é recorrente entre os filósofos e pensadores tendo implicação na área do Direito. Contemporaneamente, Rawls se propôs a desenvolver uma nova teoria da justiça especialmente para combater o utilitarismo, eis que não acredita nessa proposta de justiça. Inicialmente sua teoria será vista sob o enfoque moral. Para estabelecer os princípios de justiça as pessoas deveriam estar numa posição original, vestindo o véu da ignorância, para estabelecer o contrato social. A proposta rawlsiana será questionada e um dos pensadores que se propõe a fazê-lo é Dworkin. A principal crítica que este autor constrói é a de que a teoria da justiça de Rawls não respeita ou não considera os talentos e dons de cada indivíduo. Rawls considera as críticas e propõe-se a esclarecer alguns pontos destacando que sua pretensão é a de desenvolver uma concepção política de justiça. Analisadas as concepções de justiça e elementos como equilíbrio, contrato, posição original e utilitarismo, conclui-se que existem mais pontos de convergência do que de divergência nas concepções de justiça desses dois teóricos.
A precariedade está por toda parte: um estudo das origens e consequências da precariedade do trabalho no mundo globalizado
Authors: Lessa Rafaela Ribeiro Zauli
Published: August 2019

O processo globalizante intensificado nos anos 90 pela industrialização e pela modernização generalizadas, aliado a fatores como o fim do Estado do Bem-Estar Social, o surgimento das transnacionais e a eclosão do Pós-Fordismo, abalou profundamente o primado do trabalho e emprego, resultando no fenômeno conhecido como “desemprego estrutural”, levando à precarização do emprego. As transnacionais, empresas “flexíveis”, exploram a insegurança criada por elas mesmas. Ao colocar o trabalhador permanentemente em risco de perder seu trabalho, ela baixa seus custos sem oposição, promovendo o fenômeno da “flexploração”. Ao mesmo tempo, o novo modelo produtivo Pós-Fordista contribuiu para instaurar uma outra marginalização social, em que o trabalhador precarizado é difundido e não se vê como um sujeito coletivo capaz de exigir o direito e a dignidade e o trabalhador das empresas principais se vê dependente e incapaz de sustentar seus pleitos trabalhistas.
A violência simbólica no Poder Judiciário: desafios à efetividade da Lei Maria da Penha
Authors: Sauaia Artenira Da Silva e Silva , Passos Kennya Regyna Mesquita
Published: August 2019

A violência simbólica no Poder Judiciário: desafios à efetividade da Lei Maria da PenhaThe symbolic violence in the judicial power: challenges to the effectiveness of the Maria da Penha Act Artenira da Silva e Silva Sauaia[1]Kennya Regyna Mesquita Passos[2] RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar, partindo de um estudo de caso, manifestações simbólicas patriarcais na aplicação da Lei Maria da Penha, e analisar, a partir da compreensão do magistrado a respeito das formas de violência contra a mulher e da condição de mulher em situação de violência, os desafios à efetividade na proteção aos Direitos Humanos das Mulheres, refletindo acerca da necessidade da capacitação técnica dos operadores do Direito nas temáticas de gênero, para o enfrentamento de todas as formas de violência contra a mulher, conforme disciplinam os estatutos jurídicos internacionais de proteção aos Direitos Humanos, e em especial a violência institucional, manifestada na violência simbólica, reproduzida pelo próprio Estado, que submete a mulher a uma dupla vitimização. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Violência simbólica. Lei Maria da Penha. Violência institucional. ABSTRACT: The objective of this work is to identify, from a case study, symbolic manifestations of patriarchy in the application of the Maria da Penha Act, and to analyze, from the understanding of the magistrate about the forms of violence against women and womanhood in violence situation, the challenges to the effectiveness in protecting the human rights of women , reflecting on the need for technical training of legal professionals in gender thematic areas, in order to confront all forms of violence against women, according to the international legal instruments for the protection of human rights, particularly the institutional violence, manifested in symbolic violence, reproduced by the State itself, which submits the woman to a double victimization. KEYWORDS: Symbolic violence. Maria da Penha Act. Institutional Violence.[1] Professora da Universidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA. Pós-doutora em Psicologia e Educação (Universidade do Porto, Portugal, 2014). Doutora em Saúde Coletiva (Universidade Federal da Bahia – UFBA, 2005). Mestre em Saúde e Ambiente (Universidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA, 2000). Graduada em Psicologia (Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo – PUC-SP, 1990).[2] Professora da Faculdade do Maranhão – FACAM. Mestranda em Direito e Instituições do Sistema de Justiça (Universidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA). Especialista em Direito Público (Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, 2013). Graduada em Direito (Universidade Ceuma – UNICEUMA, 1999). Advogada.
Da liberdade de expressão ao discurso de ódio: uma análise da adequação do entendimento jurisprudencial brasileiro à jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos
Authors: Alves Ayla Do Vale , Misi Márcia Costa
Published: August 2019

A partir do reconhecimento do compromisso firmado pelo Brasil de adequar suas decisões e seus entendimentos jurisprudenciais à jurisprudência da Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, busca-se analisar, dentro do tema do direito à liberdade de expressão e, mais especificamente, do limite a essa liberdade quando diante de um discurso de ódio, se o Judiciário brasileiro tem cumprido com as obrigações assumidas pelo Estado de promover a referida adequação, vez que a falta desta interfere, diretamente, na facticidade das decisões da Corte em relação à Ordem Jurídica brasileira. Busca-se abordar as jurisprudências referentes ao direito à liberdade de expressão e, consequentemente, as possíveis restrições a ela, por se entender fundamental a existência desta liberdade para se possibilitar o debate racional  característico de um governo democrático, vez que a partir do debate no qual é possível se expressar livremente é que poderá ser determinado o interesse comum capaz de legitimar a própria democracia.
O poder do chefe de Estado e de Governo brasileiro no recorte histórico do Segundo Reinado
Authors: Benedetti Andrea Regina de Morais , Tomazoni Eduardo Caetano
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo analisa o poder de jure do chefe de Estado e de Governo brasileiro no recorte histórico do Segundo Reinado, os quais estão positivados na Constituição do Império do Brasil de 1824 e em diversas leis, com o uso de facto de tais poderes, estabelecendo ao final qual o grau de poder utilizado por tal figura. Para a análise, fez-se necessário uma breve introdução acerca do momento histórico estudado, bem como uma explanação acerca dos fundamentos jurídicos e filosóficos da Constituição de 1824, uma demonstração de suas características únicas e peculiares para, por fim, realizar uma análise do Parlamentarismo às Avessas brasileiro, assunto atrelado com o poder do monarca brasileiro durante o Segundo Reinado. O método utilizado é o dedutivo, com técnica de estudos bibliográficos. O resultado obtido foi a constatação de que o poder do Chefe de Estado e de Governo não foi bem delimitado pelos dispositivos da época e nem foi algo sempre constante, com a existência de debates jurídicos acerca de seus limites durante todo o período histórico analisado e variações no grau e forma de sua utilização, mas que, contrario sensu -comum, tal período não foi absolutista ou um atraso para a democracia brasileira, mas sim um período que possibilitou e fomentou o estabelecimento de instituições democráticas na terra brasilis.
Violação de Direitos Humanos por agentes da polícia no ato da investigação criminal
Authors: Nota David Adriano , Azevedo Tupinambá Pinto de
Published: August 2019

RESUMOEste artigo buscou identificar ações concretas que possam ser desenvolvidas para evitar torturas perpetradas por agentes da polícia no ato da investigação criminal em Moçambique. Entrevistas e questionários dirigidos aos agentes que compõem o sistema de administração da justiça possibilitaram perceber as causas que levam os policias a pautar pela tortura no ato da investigação criminal e identificar ações para evitá-la. A pesquisa mostrou que para evitar torturas no ato da investigação criminal, em Moçambique, é necessário criar uma lei própria e exclusiva que defina, incrimine e traga uma moldura penal abstrata do crime de tortura, e que o Estado mantenha a revisão e a formação sistemática de regras de interrogatórios e métodos de investigação aos agentes aplicadores das leis, e não só, o Estado deve criar condições para que o advogado do suspeito se faça presente no primeiro interrogatório policial.ABSTRACTThis paper aims to identify concrete actions that can be developed to prevent police officers from torture suspects during the crime investigation act in Mozambique. Through interviews and questionnaires with the agents that forms the justice administration system, it was possible to understand what causes the police have to torture suspects in the crime investigation act and to identify actions to prevent it. Research has shown that to prevent torture in the crime investigation act it is necessary to create a separate and exclusive law in order to define, incriminate and bring a criminal abstract frame of the crime of torture; the state must hold a review and make a systematic formation with training rules for interrogation and investigation methods to all law enforcers agents so as to create conditions for the suspect’s lawyer to be present in the first police inquiry.
Relato de experiência de educação ambiental na Semana da Ciência, Tecnologia e Cultura da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Severo Ana Luiza Felix , Cunha Belinda Pereira da
Published: August 2019

RESUMOEste artigo apresenta o relato de experiência de educação ambiental na Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. O objeto da oficina foi promover a reflexão crítica ambiental no espaço universitário para a comunidade acadêmica e a sociedade civil. Utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, métodos para exposição dialogada e estudo de caso para montagem da oficina com fim qualitativo a fim de discutir a importância da educação ambiental na redução de resíduos sólidos destinados aos aterros sanitários. Para a fundamentação teórica trouxe-se autores como Ignacy Sachs e Enrique Leff, os quais trazem o desenvolvimento sustentável como algo a ser alcançado, mas por meio da educação ambiental.  A pesquisa é justificada pela necessidade de disseminar conteúdo voltado ao saber ambiental, neste caso, ao valor da atividade do catador de material reciclável. Dessa forma, como se trata de uma profissão estigmatizada, é essencial para a concretização da sustentabilidade ambiental. Pode-se supor que a educação ambiental é o meio necessário para se reduzir o estigma social da profissão de catador de material reciclável, bem como fomentar a racionalidade ambiental. Como resultados, visa-se relatar a experiência de participantes da oficina apresentada.ABSTRACTThis paper presents a environmental education experience at the Federal University of Rio Grande of the Norte. The goal of the workshop was to promote environmental education in the university environment for the academic community and the society. We used bibliographical research, methods for communicative exposition and case study to assemble the workshop with a qualitative purpose to discuss the importance of environmental education in the reduction of solid waste destined landfills. For the theoretical basis, authors such as Ignacy Sachs and Enrique Leff have thought about sustainable development as something to be achieved through environmental education. The research is justified by the need to disseminate content aimed at environmental knowledge, in this case, the importance of the recyclable material collector activity. Even as a very stigmatized profession, it is essential for the achievement of environmental sustainability. It can be assumed that environmental education is a necessary mean to reduce the social stigma of the profession of collector of recyclable material, as well as to promote environmental rationality. Therefore, it is intended to report the experience of participants of the workshop presented.
A retificação do registro civil de pessoas transgênero na América do Sul em perspectiva comparada
Authors: Moura Maria Luiza
Published: August 2019

RESUMOEste artigo apresenta uma análise comparativa entre a legislação dos dez países da América do Sul integrantes do sistema interamericano de direitos humanos no que concerne à demanda de pessoas transgênero por retificação da menção de sexo no registro civil, a partir de uma perspectiva despatologizante. Após uma perspectiva geral da situação nos países mencionados, passa-se a uma análise crítica específica sobre o estado atual da questão no Brasil, tanto no que concerne às diretrizes legais no âmbito da saúde quanto no que se refere às normas de direito registral, apresentando, por fim, o projeto de lei brasileiro relativo à identidade de gênero, inspirado na legislação argentina sobre a matéria. PALAVRAS-CHAVETransexualidade. Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. Direito comparado.ABSTRACTThis paper sought to analyze comparatively the legislation of the ten south American countries that are part of the Inter-American Human Rights System, regarding the civil registry rectification of transsexuals from a non-pathologizing perspective. After a general overview of the situation in the mentioned countries, a specific critical analysis is carried out on the current state of the issue in Brazil, in terms of legal guidelines in health and civil registration, presenting, in the end, the Brazilian bill on gender identity, inspired by the Argentine legislation, is presented. KEYWORDSTranssexuality. International Human Rights. Comparative Law.
Para um reexame das noções de jusnaturalismo e direito natural
Authors: Cotta Sergio
Published: August 2019

RESUMOEm meio à confusão moderna e contemporânea sobre o que é o direito, os vocábulos bimilenares “direito natural” e “jusnaturalismo” oferecem uma definição clara deste objeto, que, contudo, é fortemente repudiada desde o século XIX. Apesar disso, a relação entre direito e natureza permanece presente em diversos autores de matrizes filosóficas diversas. Na atualidade, o direito natural é reproposto na temática dos direitos humanos, de modo que está longe de ser uma ideia superada. Assim, reexamina-se criticamente os temas do direito natural e do jusnaturalismo, defendendo como critério de identificação do seu núcleo comum a estrutura epistemológica do jusnaturalismo – isto é, do saber teórico que estuda o direito natural –, apoiada nos elementos da problematicidade e de um fundamento originário e condicionante do ser do direito enquanto estrutura da vida prática: o eu-sintético-relacional.ABSTRACTIn the midst of the modern and contemporary confusion about what is law, the bimillenial words “natural law” and “jusnaturalism” offer a clear definition of this object, which, however, has been vigorously repudiated since the 19th century. In spite of that, the relationship between law and nature remains current in several authors from different philosophical backgrounds. Nowadays natural law is proposed again within the subject of human rights, so it is far from being an outdated idea. Thus, the author of this article reexamines critically the topics of natural law and jusnaturalism, arguing as the identification criterion of its common nucleus the jusnaturalism epistemological structure – that is to say, the theoretical knowledge on natural law –, based upon the elements of problematicity and of an original and determining foundation of the being of law in the quality of practical life structure: the relational-synthetic-I.