bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Émigré Walt Whitman: Songs of Mourning, 1943–1948
Authors: Kramer Lawrence
Published: January 2022

Musical settings of Walt Whitman’s poetry were ‘beyond the nation’ from the very beginning. The first of them was composed in 1880 by an Alsatian immigrant to the US, Frédéric Louis Ritter, and until around 1930 the majority of Whitman settings came from German and British composers. The majority of those settings, in turn, dealt with war and its aftermath in mourning. Whitman’s poetry of the American Civil War provided a template for grappling musically with later conflicts, from the Boer War to World War I to World War II. The years 1942 and 1948 saw major war-themed settings from four German and German-émigré composers: Kurt Weill and Paul Hindemith in America, and Hans Werner Henze and Karl Amadeus Hartmann in Germany. A common thread among these pieces, exemplified most explicitly in Weill’s setting of ‘Come Up from the Fields, Father’, is the question of whether and how the act of transposed mourning can make the collective trauma of war ‘livable’ – in a sense of the term derived from T. W. Adorno and Judith Butler, for whom ‘livability’ is measured by the power of publicly avowed mourning to integrate trauma into the symbolic systems on which social life depends.
The Visual Image as a Tool of Power
Authors: Payne Leigh A. , Johnson Hunter
Published: January 2022

The visual image is a powerful tool for mobilisation. This chapter identifies four key aspects behind its potency, each illustrated with contemporary and historical examples. First, the ‘medium is the message’ asserts that the photograph itself undermines the logic of the disappeared as ‘disposable peoples’. To be photographed is to be important, worth recording. The photo creates an emotional bond as the observer looks into the eyes of the missing person, a deep feeling, a sense of knowing. Second, ‘seeing is believing’: the visual image of the disappeared and disappearances validate, inform, confirm, and produce an inventory of disappearance. It thus challenges denial of the phenomenon. Third, the ‘disruption and emptiness’ of disappearance are marked by visual images. Chairs without students, bicycles without riders, silhouettes, photographs of family members who did not return home, appear in public spaces shocking out of complacency the false sense of safety disappearance happens to others – a kind of distancing that blames the victims for their own disappearance. Fourth, the visual image is a ‘weapon of the weak’, easy and inexpensive to reproduce and distribute widely -- locally and internationally -- to urge societies to see, to care, to help. The powerful tool of visual image is thus available to even the most marginalised in society to promote solidarity among victims and within broader, including international, communities. Through this tool, a deep personal story of loss is told that is shown to be not an isolated event, but a broader phenomenon. Visual image has the potential to correct misunderstanding of disappearances and to mobilise behind the demand for ‘never again’.
Supervisor's capability and aptitude to supervise Health and Safety (H&S) induction training to site workforces: A case study of the construction industry of Pakistan
Authors: Daniyal Khalid , Aslam Bilal , Khalil Umer
Published: January 2022

Health and Safety (H&S) is a professional approach to substitute harmless and vigorous work conditions for any industry. The construction industry is of utmost importance because it is associated with elevated accident rates compared to the other sectors. To some extent, cultural progression is also reliant on communication among all the groups inside a corporation. Effective communication happens in a construction corporation, among upper management and the employees arbitrated by the supervisors. Therefore, if the construction supervisor's capabilities are ignored, the plans to progress the satisfactory H&S culture may be unsuccessful. The aptitude for conducting H&S induction training to employees is one of the construction supervisor's abilities, and in developing countries, the supervisor's capabilities are ignored. Moreover, the organization's eagerness on H&S, which corresponds to the induction training, is relatively less. The current research reports an examination to analyze how the supervisors possess H&S capabilities and skills to oversee site H&S induction training to workforces successfully. For the analysis, Pakistan's construction industry was targeted, and numerous construction firms were contacted in this regard. The data for the intended objective was accumulated through talks and surveys with site supervisors in construction companies of various extents from all over Pakistan. The outcomes exposed insufficient training, an absence of management dedication, and an inadequate familiarity or usage of visual/audio communication assistance by construction companies in Pakistan. Thus, it is suggested that there is a need for the supervisors to understand the use of multilingual skills and current technologies to assist valuable site H&S induction training that can progress a path towards an optimistic H&S culture.
Investigate the carbon footprints of three intermediate flooring systems: Cross-laminated timber, solid concrete, and hollow-core precast concrete
Authors: Abu Qadourah , Al-Falahat Ala'a , Alrwashdeh Saad
Published: January 2022

This paper evaluates and compares the embodied energy and embodied carbon using a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach for three different intermediate floor structures, all of which use prefabricated materials-cross-laminated timber (CLT), precast hollow-core concrete, and solid concrete-to decide which floor construction materials have less environmental impact for use in the construction of a semi-detached house in the UK. The Inventory of Carbon & Energy (ICE) and the Carbon Calculator tool were used to calculate the carbon footprint from "cradle to grave" to determine whether the use of a CLT solution provides improved environmental performance over the traditional concrete solutions. The carbon footprint results indicate that the use of a hollow-core precast concrete floor system emits less carbon than the other two systems, although the concrete requires more fossil fuel input than the timber during the manufacturing process, so based on this, the footprint from cradle to gate for the timber was expected to be the less than that of the concrete. However, the results show the opposite; this is because of the differences in the material quantities needed in each system.
Competences of elementary school teachers as a factor of efficiency of education in modern schools
Authors: Kalmar Laura , Janković Aleksandar
Published: January 2022

To prepare the young generation for goals and tasks that the modern society poses to education and personal development, in the state and on international level, permanent changes and improvements are required, especially in raising quality, international compliance of goals, educational standards and development of teacher competences. These components, including the goals, shapes and methods of teacher education, are not once and for all given and developed. In particular, it stresses the importance of enabling teachers, educators and school principals to introduce changes in educational work, as well as to possess organizational and cooperative skills for activities. The aim of this work is to stress the importance of continuous development of the competences of teachers in class. The research is important due to the necessity for permanent (lifelong) education of individuals, especially teachers. During this research, the emphasis was on studying existing literature. The research was conducted based on the content analysis, which is based on the study of secondary sources. The question we ask is whether the competences of teachers in modern schools contribute to the efficiency of education? This topic should determine how much competence teachers actually develop in practice.
Occupational stressors and irrational beliefs as predictors of teachers' mental health during the COVID-19 emergency state
Authors: Popov Stanislava , Sokić Jelena , Antić Jelena
Published: January 2022

Education worldwide has been strongly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the previous evidence that teachers' wellbeing is under a tremendous negative influence of major societal disruptions, this kind of sudden overturn of the routines and practices that were in place for decades could have detrimental effects on teachers' mental health. In the present study, we are interested in examining specific occupational stressors and irrational cognitions as potential contributors to distress, depression, and anxiety among teachers, following enormous lockdown-induced changes in the educational system. The basic theoretical framework in the research is Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (RE & CBT), according to which irrational beliefs have a critical contribution in generating and maintaining dysfunctional emotional reactions. Data were collected from 104 primary school teachers (88% female, age M= 41.39, SD=9.10) during the first wave of COVID-19, from the beginning of lockdown in March until its end in May 2020. We administered the adapted version of the Sources of stress at work questionnaire (IRS), the Teacher Irrational Beliefs Scale (TIBS) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS21). The questionnaires were distributed electronically by professional associates in schools since classes were conducted online at the time. The results of the hierarchical regression analysis suggest that, when it comes to experiencing stress due to changes in working and living conditions, both the COVID-19 related sources of stress (b=.32, p<.005) and irrational cognitions (b=.25, p<.01) have an independent and significant contribution. However, irrational cognitions only play a significant role in experiencing anxiety (b=.33, p<.005) and depression (b=.36, p<.005).
Consumer behavior related to buying wines on the retail market in the City of Niš
Authors: Simonović Zoran , Ćurčić Nikola
Published: January 2022

The subject matter of the paper is research in consumer behavior in connection with the purchase of wines of both domestic and foreign brands on the market of the City of Niš. The paper is structured so as to perceive the issue from several aspects. In the first place, our wish was to determine whether the respondents are regular wine consumers, and which sorts of wine they consume, and how many of them are not wine regular consumers. An effort was made to determine consumer habits via survey research. The examination method that implied personal examination using a questionnaire was applied. The suitable sample included 230 respondents from the territory of the City of Niš. The research was conducted in November 2019. While processing the data, it was noticed that a larger number of the respondents were regular wine consumers, namely consuming specific brands. The respondents mainly preferred domestic producers' wines. The results obtained can be observed at the level of the strategic marketing of the offering companies. The research study provides an insight in connection with the different aspects of the consumer behavior of those who consume wine, both at the general level and in connection with the choice of brands.
Una aproximación analítica al concepto de femicidio
Authors: Escobar-Jiménez Christian
Published: January 2022

Este artículo propone una aproximación crítica al concepto de femicidio. Se repasa su origen y las diferentes versiones desarrolladas por su proponente, Diana Russell, a más de algunas otras alternativas de la definición. Se realiza una aproximación analítica al mismo, y se revisan sus cualidades intensionales y connotativas. Se hace una breve relación con respecto al concepto alternativo de “feminicidio” y se desarrolla una crítica a ambos. Se refuta la idea de femicidio como un delito de odio y se termina con un análisis sobre las dificultades de la instrumentalización jurídica del concepto, tal como ha sido propuesto.
The readability of elementary mathematics books
Authors: Heddens James W. , Smith Kenneth J.
Published: January 2022

How important is the election of a textbook for the teaching of arithmetic? Cronbach1 has suggested that about 96 percent of all curricula arc based upon texts. Rudeman2 has pointed out that the textbook is the course of study in the classroom. If these analyses arc valid, t he election of textbooks becomes very crucial in the development of a sound arithmetic program.
Piaget rediscovered
Authors: Duckworth Eleanor
Published: January 2022

The accent must be on autoregulation, on active assimilation—tbe accent must be on the activity of the subject. Failing this, there is no possible didactic or pedagogy wbjch significantly transforms the subject.1
Unpacking Pedagogical Content Knowledge: Conceptualizing and Measuring Teachers' Topic-Specific Knowledge of Students
Authors: Hill Heather C. , Ball Deborah Loewenberg , Schilling Steven G.
Published: January 2022

There is widespread agreement that effective teachers have unique knowledge of students' mathematical ideas and thinking. However, few scholars have focused on conceptualizing this domain, and even fewer have focused on measuring this knowledge. In this article, we describe an effort to conceptualize and develop measures of teachers' combined knowledge of content and students by writing, piloting, and analyzing results from multiple-choice items. Our results suggest partial success in measuring this domain among practicing teachers but also identify key areas around which the field must achieve conceptual and empirical clarity. Although this is ongoing work, we believe that the lessons learned from our efforts shed light on teachers' knowledge in this domain and can inform future attempts to develop measures.
Josh's Operational Conjectures: Abductions of a Splitting Operation and the Construction of New Fractional Schemes
Authors: Norton Anderson
Published: January 2022

This article reports on students' learning through conjecturing, by drawing on a semester-long teaching experiment with 6 sixth-grade students. It focuses on 1 of the students, Josh, who developed especially powerful ways of operating over the course of the teaching experiment. Through a fine-grained analysis of Josh's actions, this article integrates Piaget's scheme theory (1950/2001) and Peirce's logic of abduction (1998) into a new theory about conjecturing that explains Josh's learning. Results indicate the power of Josh's operational conjectures in resolving problematic situations and constructing new schemes. Because of the context in which the teaching experiment and Josh's conjecturing occurred, results hold implications for research on fractions and on a particular operation called splitting (Confrey, 1994; Empson, 1999; Sáenz-Ludlow, 1994; Steffe, 2003). The theoretical integration of scheme theory and abduction also holds implications for resolving the learning paradox (Fodor, 1980; Glasersfeld, 2001).
Sculptural rhymes of Art Nouveau: on the visual poetics of symbolism
Authors: Davydova Olga Sergeevna
Published: January 2022

This article is first within the Russian and Western art history to examine the concept of visual poetics as a separate subject of research. Based on the analysis of iconographic and theoretical searches of the masters of symbolism, which found reflection within the boundaries of expressive means of visual art, the author comes concludes on the poetic principles of symbolist artists as the fundamental sources of the formation of the style of Art Nouveau – a new sculptural language of the XIX – early XX centuries. Detail characteristic of the philosophical-aesthetic content that underlies optical forms of the visual symbolist image, in its scientific origins leans on the capabilities of the art comparative-formal analysis, as well as iconological method adapted to the period under review. The innovative conceptual approach towards studying the art of symbolism lies in the fact that poetry as the concept is depicted beyond the literary sphere, as a specific type of artistic worldview that influenced the development of the visual language of art in the era of Art Nouveau. At the same time, visual poetics is compared to the complex system of internal images, which shape in with the works of the master throughout the entire path of his self-expression, and are directly related to profoundness of the poetic principle of the soul, lyrical and metaphorical intuition of the artist. This approach allows us broadening the representation on the aesthetic benchmarks of the symbolist artists, as well as designating the new methodological coordinates in the field of studying the art of symbolism in both national and international contexts.
Place, rôle et représentation de l’animal dans le roman Sans l’orang-outan (2007) d’Éric Chevillard
Authors: El Assal Mohamed
Published: January 2022

Animals occupy a central place in Chevillard’s oeuvre Sans l’orang-outan deals with animals’ place, roles, representations and relationships with humans. The novel depicts a chaotic and apocalyptic world, foreground as it does the disappearance of the last orangutans caused by the arrogant and insolent actions of people. Two aspects characterize Chevillard’s writing: the seriousness of the theme and the irony in its representation. The paper analyzes the numerous dimensions of the novel’s involvement in environmental problems through the reflection on the circumstance of animals. It also discusses the eschatological aspects of the environmental crisis. It is demonstrated that for Chevillard the question of biodiversity is also a question of aesthetics and imagination. The article also looks to show that the aim of adopting ethical and aesthetic stances is to encourage the reader to opt for responsible and life-preserving attitudes towards Earth’s ecosystem; and the raising ecological awareness as such.
Theoretical study of anisotropy and ultra-low thermal conductance of porous graphene nanoribbons
Authors: Wu Cheng-Wei , Ren Xue , Zhou Wu-Xing , Xie Guo-Feng ,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China,   Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for New Energy Storage and Conversion, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
Published: January 2022

The thermal transport properties of porous graphene nanoribbons are studied by the non-equilibrium Green's function method. The results show that owing to the existence of nano-pores, the thermal conductance of porous graphene nanoribbons is much lower than that of graphene nanoribbons. At room temperature, the thermal conductance of zigzag porous graphene nanoribbons is only 12% of that of zigzag graphene nanoribbons of the same size. This is due to the phonon localization caused by the nano-pores in the porous graphene nanoribbons. In addition, the thermal conductance of porous graphene nanoribbons has remarkable anisotropy. With the same size, the thermal conductance of armchair porous graphene nanoribbons is about twice higher than that of zigzag porous graphene nanoribbons. This is because the phonon locality in the zigzag direction is stronger than that in the armchair direction, and even part of the frequency phonons are completely localized.
Splashed gold bump dependence of cleavage of InSb chip under cyclic liquid nitrogen shocking tests
Authors: Zhang Jiang-Feng , Tian Xiao-Han , Zhang Xiao-Ling , Meng Qing-Duan ,   School of Electrical Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China,   School of Software, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
Published: January 2022

Local cleavage of indium antimonide (InSb) chip always occurs in the manufacture of the InSb infrared focal plane detectors (IRFPAs), and this specific fracture phenomenon restricts the improvement of the yield of the InSb IRFPAs. After analysis, we think that the cleavage of InSb chip in the edge region of the InSb IRFPAs is related to the splashed gold bump existing in this region, and this failure phenomenon dominates in the low-cyclic liquid nitrogen shocking tests. In order to clarify the influence of the splashed gold bump on the cleavage of the InSb chip, we establish a structural model of the InSb IRFPAs containing the splashed gold bump, and analyze the influence of the splashed gold bump on the thermal stress distribution in the InSb chip. Besides, we preset the initial cracks with different lengths at the stress concentration sites to describe the dislocations in InSb wafers. Using the energy release rate as criterion, we obtain the relationship between the cleavage of the InSb chip and the dislocation line length in the presence of splashed gold bump. The main conclusions are drawn as follows. 1) The influence of the splashed gold bump on the cleavage of the InSb chip is localized, and two stress concentration sites are formed in the outermost part of the contact region between the splashed gold bump and the InSb chip. 2) The energy release rate surrounding the preset crack increases promptly with the preset crack length increasing. 3) Cleavage of the InSb chip caused by the splashed gold bump belongs to the type I fracture failure mode. In the cyclic liquid nitrogen shocking tests, the dislocation line gradually punches through the InSb chip under the driving of the concentrating stress, and forms the macro cleavage of the InSb chip.
Breaking antimicrobial resistance by disrupting extracytoplasmic protein folding
Authors: Furniss R Christopher D , Kaderabkova Nikol , Barker Declan , Bernal Patricia , Maslova Evgenia , Antwi Amanda AA , McNeil Helen E , Pugh Hannah L , Dortet Laurent , Blair Jessica MA , Larrouy-Maumus Gerald , McCarthy Ronan R , Gonzalez Diego , Mavridou Despoina AI
Published: January 2022

Antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is one of the greatest threats to global health. New antibacterial strategies are urgently needed, and the development of antibiotic adjuvants that either neutralize resistance proteins or compromise the integrity of the cell envelope is of ever-growing interest. Most available adjuvants are only effective against specific resistance proteins. Here, we demonstrate that disruption of cell envelope protein homeostasis simultaneously compromises several classes of resistance determinants. In particular, we find that impairing DsbA-mediated disulfide bond formation incapacitates diverse β-lactamases and destabilizes mobile colistin resistance enzymes. Furthermore, we show that chemical inhibition of DsbA sensitizes multidrug-resistant clinical isolates to existing antibiotics and that the absence of DsbA, in combination with antibiotic treatment, substantially increases the survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This work lays the foundation for the development of novel antibiotic adjuvants that function as broad-acting resistance breakers.
Drosophila p53 isoforms have overlapping and distinct functions in germline genome integrity and oocyte quality control
Authors: Chakravarti Ananya , Thirimanne Heshani N , Brown Savanna , Calvi Brian R
Published: January 2022

p53 gene family members in humans and other organisms encode a large number of protein isoforms whose functions are largely undefined. Using Drosophila as a model, we find that a p53B isoform is expressed predominantly in the germline where it colocalizes with p53A into subnuclear bodies. It is only p53A, however, that mediates the apoptotic response to ionizing radiation in the germline and soma. In contrast, p53A and p53B are both required for the normal repair of meiotic DNA breaks, an activity that is more crucial when meiotic recombination is defective. We find that in oocytes with persistent DNA breaks p53A is also required to activate a meiotic pachytene checkpoint. Our findings indicate that Drosophila p53 isoforms have DNA lesion and cell type-specific functions, with parallels to the functions of mammalian p53 family members in the genotoxic stress response and oocyte quality control.
Maternal diet-induced obesity during pregnancy alters lipid supply to mouse E18.5 fetuses and changes the cardiac tissue lipidome in a sex-dependent manner
Authors: Pantaleão Lucas C , Inzani Isabella , Furse Samuel , Loche Elena , Hufnagel Antonia , Ashmore Thomas , Blackmore Heather L , Jenkins Benjamin , Carpenter Asha A M , Wilczynska Ania , Bushell Martin , Koulman Albert , Fernandez-Twinn Denise S , Ozanne Susan E
Published: January 2022

Maternal obesity during pregnancy has immediate and long-term detrimental effects on the offspring heart. In this study, we characterized the cardiac and circulatory lipid profiles in late gestation E18.5 fetuses of diet-induced obese pregnant mice and established the changes in lipid abundance and fetal cardiac transcriptomics. We used untargeted and targeted lipidomics and transcriptomics to define changes in the serum and cardiac lipid composition and fatty acid metabolism in male and female fetuses. From these analyses we observed: (1) maternal obesity affects the maternal and fetal serum lipidome distinctly; (2) female fetal heart lipidomes are more sensitive to maternal obesity than males; (3) changes in lipid supply might contribute to early expression of lipolytic genes in mouse hearts exposed to maternal obesity. These results highlight the existence of sexually dimorphic responses of the fetal heart to the same in utero obesogenic environment and identify lipids species that might mediate programming of cardiovascular health.
ACE2 is the critical in vivo receptor for SARS-CoV-2 in a novel COVID-19 mouse model with TNF- and IFNγ-driven immunopathology
Authors: Gawish Riem , Starkl Philipp , Pimenov Lisabeth , Hladik Anastasiya , Lakovits Karin , Oberndorfer Felicitas , Cronin Shane JF , Ohradanova-Repic Anna , Wirnsberger Gerald , Agerer Benedikt , Endler Lukas , Capraz Tümay , Perthold Jan W , Cikes Domagoj , Koglgruber Rubina , Hagelkruys Astrid , Montserrat Nuria , Mirazimi Ali , Boon Louis , Stockinger Hannes , Bergthaler Andreas , Oostenbrink Chris , Penninger Josef M , Knapp Sylvia
Published: January 2022

Despite tremendous progress in the understanding of COVID-19, mechanistic insight into immunological, disease-driving factors remains limited. We generated maVie16, a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV-2, by serial passaging of a human isolate. In silico modeling revealed how only three Spike mutations of maVie16 enhanced interaction with murine ACE2. maVie16 induced profound pathology in BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice, and the resulting mouse COVID-19 (mCOVID-19) replicated critical aspects of human disease, including early lymphopenia, pulmonary immune cell infiltration, pneumonia, and specific adaptive immunity. Inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokines IFNγ and TNF substantially reduced immunopathology. Importantly, genetic ACE2-deficiency completely prevented mCOVID-19 development. Finally, inhalation therapy with recombinant ACE2 fully protected mice from mCOVID-19, revealing a novel and efficient treatment. Thus, we here present maVie16 as a new tool to model COVID-19 for the discovery of new therapies and show that disease severity is determined by cytokine-driven immunopathology and critically dependent on ACE2 in vivo.
Identifying changes in immune cells and constructing prognostic models using immune-related genes in post-burn immunosuppression
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhang Zexin , Yin Bin , Li Jiayuan , Xialin Cheng , Lian Wenqin , Su Yingjun , Jia Chiyu
Published: January 2022

Background

Burn patients are prone to infection as well as immunosuppression, which is a significant cause of death. Currently, there is a lack of prognostic biomarkers for immunosuppression in burn patients. This study was conducted to identify immune-related genes that are prognosis biomarkers in post-burn immunosuppression and potential targets for immunotherapy.

Methods

We downloaded the gene expression profiles and clinical data of 213 burn patients and 79 healthy samples from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Immune infiltration analysis was used to identify the proportion of circulating immune cells. Functional enrichment analyses were carried out to identify immune-related genes that were used to build miRNA-mRNA networks to screen key genes. Next, we carried out correlation analysis between immune cells and key genes that were then used to construct logistic regression models in GSE77791 and were validated in GSE19743. Finally, we determined the expression of key genes in burn patients using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).

Results

A total of 745 differently expressed genes were screened out: 299 were up-regulated and 446 were down-regulated. The number of Th-cells (CD4+) decreased while neutrophils increased in burn patients. The enrichment analysis showed that down-regulated genes were enriched in the T-cell activation pathway, while up-regulated genes were enriched in neutrophil activation response in burn patients. We screened out key genes (NFATC2, RORA, and CAMK4) that could be regulated by miRNA. The expression of key genes was related to the proportion of Th-cells (CD4+) and survival, and was an excellent predictor of prognosis in burns with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.945. Finally, we determined that NFATC2, RORA, and CAMK4 were down-regulated in burn patients.

Conclusion

We found that NFATC2, RORA, and CAMK4 were likely prognostic biomarkers in post-burn immunosuppression and potential immunotherapeutic targets to convert Th-cell dysfunction.
Trophic niche but not abundance of Collembola and Oribatida changes with drought and farming system
Authors: Meyer Svenja , Kundel Dominika , Birkhofer Klaus , Fliessbach Andreas , Scheu Stefan
Published: January 2022

Higher frequencies of summer droughts are predicted to change soil conditions in the future affecting soil fauna communities and their biotic interactions. In agroecosystems drought effects on soil biota may be modulated by different management practices that alter the availability of different food resources. Recent studies on the effect of drought on soil microarthropods focused on measures of abundance and diversity. We here additionally investigated shifts in trophic niches of Collembola and Oribatida as indicated by stable isotope analysis (13C and15N). We simulated short-term summer drought by excluding 65% of the ambient precipitation in conventionally and organically managed winter wheat fields on the DOK trial in Switzerland. Stable isotope values suggest that plant litter and root exudates were the most important resources for Collembola (Isotoma caerulea,Isotomurus maculatusandOrchesella villosa) and older plant material and microorganisms for Oribatida (Scheloribates laevigatusandTectocepheus sarekensis). Drought treatment and farming systems did not affect abundances of the studied species. However, isotope values of some species increased in organically managed fields indicating a higher proportion of microorganisms in their diet. Trophic niche size, a measure of both isotope values combined, decreased with drought and under organic farming in some species presumably due to favored use of plants as basal resource instead of algae and microorganisms. Overall, our results suggest that the flexible usage of resources may buffer effects of drought and management practices on the abundance of microarthropods in agricultural systems.
Freeze-Thaw Behavior of Stabilized Clayey Soil with Red Mud and Cement
Authors: Kalkan Ekrem
Published: January 2022

The clayey soils in areas with seasonal frost are exposed to at least one freeze-thaw cycle every year and worsen their engineering properties. To prevent the engineering properties of clayey soils, it is necessary to improve the freeze-thaw resistance of them. In this study, the clayey soil was stabilized by using red mud and cement additive materials. Prepared samples of clayey soil and stabilized clayey soil were subjected to the unconfined compressive test. To investigate the effects of red mud and cement additive materials on the freeze-thaw resistance of clayey soil, the natural and stabilized expansive soil samples were exposed to the freeze-thaw cycles under laboratory conditions. The obtained results showed that the red mud and cement additive materials increased the freeze-thaw resistance of clayey soil. Consequently, it was concluded that red mud and cement additive materials can be successfully used to improve the freeze-thaw resistance of clayey soils.
Framework of Experimental Design and Data Mining in Multi-agent Simulation
Authors: Zhang Fa , Wu Shi-Hui , Song Zhi-Hua
Published: January 2022

Multi-agent based simulation (MABS) is an important approach for studying complex systems. The Agent-based model often contains many parameters, these parameters are usually not independent, with differences in their range, and may be subjected to constraints. How to use MABS investigating complex systems effectively is still a challenge. The common tasks of MABS include: summarizing the macroscopic patterns of the system, identifying key factors, establishing a meta-model, and optimization. We proposed a framework of experimental design and data mining for MABS. In the framework, method of experimental design is used to generate experiment points in the parameter space, then generate simulation data, and finally using data mining techniques to analyze data. With this framework, we could explore and analyze complex system iteratively. Using central composite discrepancy (CCD) as measure of uniformity, we designed an algorithm of experimental design in which parameters could meet any constraints. We discussed the relationship between tasks of complex system simulation and data mining, such as using cluster analysis to classify the macro patterns of the system, and using CART, PCA, ICA and other dimensionality reduction methods to identify key factors, using linear regression, stepwise regression, SVM, neural network, etc. to build the meta-model of the system. This framework integrates MABS with experimental design and data mining to provide a reference for complex system exploration and analysis.
Description and assessment of a collaborative agricultural extension program adopted under the triple helix model of innovation
Authors:   Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Boza Sofia Boza , Espinoza Macarena ,   Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Pertuzé Ricardo ,   Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Mora Marcos ,   Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile, Orellana Karina ,   Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Chile
Published: January 2022

The triple helix model (THM) studies the interactions between academia, industry, and government designed to promote entrepreneurship and innovation in a knowledge-based society. This paper shows how agricultural extension works through the THM for inclusive innovation to evaluate its effects on farmers. For this purpose, we analyze the case of Cultiva UChile, a technology transfer center led by the University of Chile that operated from 2016 to 2020 and that was financed by and in cooperation with public sector organizations. Cultiva UChile offered extension services to vegetable growers from the Chilean Central Valley. As our main sources of information, we used internal reports and surveys of 91 farmers who received Cultiva UChile extension services from 2019–2020. A qualitative study of this organization, the actors involved, and the operation and governance of the center and a quantitative analysis of the center’s direct effects adopting descriptive techniques and binary logistic regression were used. The results show strong interactions between actors as the basis of Cultiva UChile and its positive short-term direct effects regardless of farmers’ paths in terms of innovation, cooperation, and investment. These results lead us to conclude that extension services adopted under the THM can be appropriate means to promote inclusive innovation in agriculture.
Long-Term Trends and Policy Challenges in Chilean Agricultural Labor Markets
Authors:   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Anriquez Gustavo
Published: January 2022

This paper identifies the major long-term trends in agricultural labor markets in Chile. The document shows the increasing aging, feminization, and seasonality of the agricultural labor force. Long-term projections are made regarding the evolution of labor supply and demand based on demographic and economic trends. These projections suggest the continuation of the already existing trends of a decreasing supply of labor and an increasing demand for agricultural labor, mostly driven by the substitution of crops into labor-intensive but higher-value export crops. Hence, the paper predicts a continuation of the trend of rapidly increasing labor costs in agriculture. The paper discusses the challenges imposed on farmers and policy-makers of confronting these rapidly growing labor costs by continually raising farm labor productivity.
Productivity in the Agricultural Sector: A Global Outlook from a Latin American Perspective
Authors:   School of Business Universidad Adolfo Ibañez Chile, Bravo-Ortega Claudio
Published: January 2022

Agricultural productivity has been the focus of intense scrutiny since the time of Adam Smith. In this article, we focus on agricultural productivity from two perspectives. First, we provide estimates of total factor productivity (TFP) growth for a panel of 79 countries over a period of approximately 60 years. Second, we investigated the potential determinants of productivity growth, which include infrastructure, macroeconomic variables, and variables related to climate change. We find that productivity varies greatly across countries, with leading countries showing annual agricultural productivity growth between 2% and 3%. In regards to productivity determinants, we find small within-country effects but significant between-country effects.
Effect of Frying Temperature and Time on Thermophysical Properties and Quality Attributes of Deep-Fat Fried Plantain (Dodo)
Authors: Adeyanju J. A. , Alabi B. E. , Abioye A. O. , Adekunle A. A. , Oloyede A. A.
Published: January 2022

This study investigated the effect of the processing conditions (frying temperature and time) on the thermophysical properties and product quality attributes of deep-fat fried plantain (dodo). The plantain were deep-fried at various frying temperatures (150-190 °C) and time intervals (120-240 sec). The thermophysical properties determined include specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and density. The product quality attributes were moisture content, oil content and colour. The specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and density of the deep-fat fried plantain ranged from 2.68 to 2.33 kJ/kgK, 0.37 to 0.33 W/mK, 1.12 to 1.36 x10-7 m2/s and 1049.50 to 1257.00 kg/m3, respectively. The quality attributes of dodo varied from 0.24 to 0.65 abs, 30.37 to 43.40% and 9.96 to 14.25% for colour, It was observed that the specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and moisture content of the deep-fat fried plantain were significantly reduced as frying temperature and time increased. The colour and fat content of dodo were found to increase with increased temperature and time of frying. Outcome of the study resulted in the development of dodo with high acceptable quality characteristics. Therefore, generated data will be useful in choice of processing conditions for plantain and development of fryer.
Micromorphological and Pharmacognostic Studies of Leaf and Stem of Solenostemon monostachyus P. Beauv (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Umoh Romanus A. , Johnny Imoh I. , E. Udoh Anwanabasi , A. Andy Nsima , C. Essien Affiong , Udoh Inyang J. , E. Emeh Winnie , E. Umanah Otobong
Published: January 2022

Solenostemon monostachyus P. Beauv (Lamiaceae), it’s ethnomedical uses include anti-plasmodial, anti-pyretic, antiulcerogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities. The aim of this study was to employ the quality control parameters in the evaluation of the leaf and stem of Solenostemon monostachyus to aid in the identification and standardization of the medicinal plant. The plant leaves and stems were collected, identified, air-dried, pulverized and stored in separate glass containers. Standard procedures were employed to obtain the microscopic features of the fresh and powdered samples, micromeritic, chemomicroscopy, fluorescence properties, moisture contents, ash values and soluble extractive values. The results of the microscopic studies using fresh and powdered leaf samples revealed the presence of diacytic stomata on both the abaxial and adaxial surfaces (amphistomatic), with stomatal index of 27.9% and 14.8% respectively. The result of the micromeritics properties of the powdered leaf and stem samples showed angles of repose of 38.0o and 46.0o, Carr’s index of 23.7% and 32.5% and Hausner’s ratios of 1.3 and 1.5 respectively. Results for the moisture content, total, acid-insoluble and water-soluble ash values were 11.7%w/w, 13.7%w/w, 1.8%w/w and 9.4%w/w for the leaf and 13.3%w/w, 17.3%w/w, 1.8%w/w and 9.2%w/w for the stem respectively. Extractive values for water-soluble, methanol-soluble and ethanol-soluble were 26.5%w/w, 32.3%w/w, 14.5%w/w and 15.5%w/w, 15.8%w/w and 14.5%w/w for the leaf and stem respectively. Chemomicroscopy indicated the presence of lignin, calcium oxalate crystals and protein in the leaf and stem. The results obtained therefore could be used to establish pharmacopoeial standard for the fresh and powdered drug products of Solenostemon monostachyus, thus preventing adulteration.
Narration Based On Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Advertisement: The Projection and Story
Authors: Widiasari Natalia
Published: January 2022

Advertising plays an important role in narrating the social side of a company which is often referred to as Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Corporate social campaigns are often seen as dubious, however, audiences as individuals interpret advertisements based on their values and experiences. TBSI (The Body Shop Indonesia) advertisements were conceptualized and analyzed using narrative transportation. Interviews are conducted with nine informants from various backgrounds. The results of the study are described in themes, namely (1) insight, (2) the relationship between CSR messages and the participant's value system, and (3) narrative responses to CSR advertisements. The result of the study states that advertising does not necessarily make the value from a social issue to be embedded or instilled in someone. Narrative and commitment to these values depend on the individual, person by person.
Cross-sectional study exploring the association between stressors and burnout in junior doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
Authors: Zhou Anli Yue , Hann Mark , Panagioti Maria , Patel Mumtaz , Agius Raymond , Van Tongeren Martie , Esmail Aneez , Bower Peter
Published: January 2022

Objectives

This study aims to develop a comprehensive list of stressors relevant to junior doctors and will also report findings exploring the associations between burnout and stressors, which include work and non-work–related stressors as well as pandemic-related stressors.

Methods

An anonymous online questionnaire was sent to 1000 randomly selected junior doctors in the North-West of England. The questionnaire included 37 questions on general and pandemic-specific stressors, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory Health Services Survey. The main outcomes of interest were junior doctor ratings of stressors and scores for burnout (emotional exhaustion [EE], depersonalisation [DP], and personal accomplishment [PA]). Stepwise regression analysis was undertaken to assess associations between stressors and burnout.

Results

In total, 326 responses were collected (response rate = 33%). Of the top 10 stressors rated by junior doctors, 60% were related to the pandemic. Multiple stressors were found to be associated with the burnout dimensions. Fatigue (β = .43), pandemic-related workload increase (β = .33), and feeling isolated (β = .24) had the strongest associations with EE, whereas fatigue (β = .21), uncertainty around COVID-19 information (β = .22) and doing unproductive tasks (β = .17) had the strongest associations with DP. Working beyond normal scope due to COVID-19 (β = −.26), not confident in own ability (β = −.24) and not feeling valued (β = −.20) were found to have the strongest associations with PA.

Conclusions

Junior doctors experience a combination of general stressors and additional stressors emerging from the pandemic which significantly impact burnout. Monitoring these stressors and targeting them as part of interventions could help mitigating burnout in junior doctors.
Theorika,
Theoric Fund
Authors: Roselli David Kawalko
Published: January 2022

The Theoric Fund was the main financial body in fourth‐century Athens; it was also responsible for allotting theoric distributions (
theorika
) to citizens to defray the costs of seating in the theater during festivals. Such distributions to attend festivals may, however, have occured in the fifth century on an
ad hoc
basis.
Gortyn, Law Collection of
Authors: Harris Edward M. , Lewis David M.
Published: January 2022

The law collection of Gortyn is dated to the middle of the fifth centurybceand contains sections about marriage, property, inheritance, adoption, and other matters. These laws are organized by substantive categories and contain little about legal procedure.
Quantitative Analysis of Hydrogen‐Assisted Microcracking in Duplex Stainless Steel through X‐Ray Refraction 3D Imaging
Authors: Laquai René , Schaupp Thomas , Griesche Axel , Müller Bernd R. , Kupsch Andreas , Hannemann Andreas , Kannengiesser Thomas , Bruno Giovanni
Published: January 2022

While the problem of the identification of mechanisms of hydrogen‐assisted damage has and is being thoroughly studied, the quantitative analysis of such damage still lacks suitable tools. In fact, while, for instance, electron microscopy yields excellent characterization, the quantitative analysis of damage requires at the same time large field‐of‐views and high spatial resolution. Synchrotron X‐ray refraction techniques do possess both features. Herein, it is shown how synchrotron X‐ray refraction computed tomography (SXRCT) can quantify damage induced by hydrogen embrittlement in a lean duplex steel, yielding results that overperform even those achievable by synchrotron X‐ray absorption computed tomography. As already reported in the literature, but this time using a nondestructive technique, it is shown that the hydrogen charge does not penetrate to the center of tensile specimens. By the comparison between virgin and hydrogen‐charged specimens, it is deduced that cracks in the specimen bulk are due to the rolling process rather than hydrogen‐assisted. It is shown that (micro)cracks propagate from the surface of tensile specimens to the interior with increasing applied strain, and it is deduced that a significant crack propagation can only be observed short before rupture.