bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representations of an 8m-dimensional non-pointed Hopf algebra of tame type
Authors: Guo Yaguo , Yang Shilin
Published: October 2023

In this paper, representations of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional non-pointed Hopf algebra [Formula: see text] of tame type are studied, where [Formula: see text] is even. First, the isomorphism classes of all indecomposable modules of [Formula: see text] are classified and the components of Auslander–Reiten quivers are constructed. Second, the tensor products of arbitrary indecomposable modules and simple (or projective) modules are established and the projective class rings and Grothendieck rings of [Formula: see text] are characterized.
Some remarks on the dual notion of n-absorbing primary submodules
Authors: Ranjbar Hamghavandi Fatemeh , Ebrahimpour Mahdieh
Published: October 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a positive integer. In this paper, we introduce a functional method, which gives us an equivalent condition to the concept of [Formula: see text]-absorbing primary submodules. By using this method, the dual notion of [Formula: see text]-absorbing primary submodules, which we call [Formula: see text]-secondary submodules, is presented. Then, some properties of this class of submodules, several useful examples and functorial results are presented.
On the global powerful alliance number of zero-divisor graphs of finite commutative rings
Authors: El-Khabchi Yassine , Bouba El Mehdi , Koç Suat
Published: October 2023

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite undirected graph without loops or multiple edges. A non-empty set of vertices [Formula: see text] is called powerful alliance if for every vertex [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. A powerful alliance dominating set is called global. The global powerful alliance number [Formula: see text] is defined as the minimum cardinality among all global powerful alliances. In this paper, we initiate the study of the global powerful alliance number of zero-divisor graphs [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] is a finite commutative ring. Hence, we calculate [Formula: see text] for some usual kind of finite rings. As application, we give the global powerful alliance number of all zero-divisor graphs of finite commutative rings of order [Formula: see text].
An alternative perspective on Jacobson radical of skew inverse Laurent series rings
Authors: Paykan Kamal , Habibi Mohammad
Published: October 2023

In this paper, we continue to study skew inverse Laurent series ring [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is a ring equipped with an automorphism [Formula: see text] and an [Formula: see text]-derivation [Formula: see text]. We directly prove that [Formula: see text] is semiprimitive reduced if and only if [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-rigid. Also, as an application of our results, by imposing constraints on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], we completely identify the Jacobson radical of [Formula: see text] whose set of all nilpotent elements has special conditions. Moreover, necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the skew inverse Laurent series ring to satisfy a certain ring property which is among being right Artinian, completely primary, right perfect, (semi)local, semiperfect, semiprimary, semiregular, semisimple and strongly regular, respectively.
Algebras of reduced E-Fountain semigroups and the generalized ample identity II
Authors: Stein Itamar
Published: October 2023

We study the generalized right ample identity, introduced by the author in a previous paper. Let [Formula: see text] be a reduced [Formula: see text]-Fountain semigroup which satisfies the congruence condition. We can associate with [Formula: see text] a small category [Formula: see text] whose set of objects is identified with the set [Formula: see text] of idempotents and its morphisms correspond to elements of [Formula: see text]. We prove that [Formula: see text] satisfies the generalized right ample identity if and only if every element of [Formula: see text] induces a homomorphism of left [Formula: see text]-actions between certain classes of generalized Green’s relations. In this case, we interpret the associated category [Formula: see text] as a discrete form of a Peirce decomposition of the semigroup algebra. We also give some natural examples of semigroups satisfying this identity.
Impact of water stress on plants production: A study case of banana-plantain
Authors: Kabiwa Kadje C. , Nana Yakam A. , Bowong S. , Mophou G.
Published: October 2023

This paper has been motivated by the following ecological question: how influential is the water stress on plants production? The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of water stress and irrigation on plants production. We propose a mathematical model for the dynamics growth of plants that takes into account the concentration of available water in the soil, the absorption of water by plants, water stress, the plants production and the plants compensation. We present the theoretical analysis of the model. More precisely, we show that the model is well-posed. We also compute trivial equilibria and derive a threshold parameter that determines the outcome of water stress within a plantation. Further, we perform a numerical simulation in the case of banana-plantain plant to support and valid theoretical results. We found that the Hopf bifurcation occurs for a specific value of the water absorption rate of unstressed plants. The impact of the water stress on the banana-plantain production is also numerically investigated. We found that the water stress can cause about [Formula: see text] tons of loss of banana-plantain production within a plantation with 1600 rejects initially planted. We also consider the irrigation as a control parameter of water stress. We found that the irrigation increases the stressed plant production to more than [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text] rejects initially planted. This suggests that climate change may play a detrimental role on banana-plantains production. We also investigate the role of the type of soil in banana-plantain production. Our finding suggests that the Fine Sandy Loam soil is more resilient to water stress than Silty Clay and Loamy soils.
Mathematical analysis of a coronavirus model with Caputo, Caputo–Fabrizio–Caputo fractional and Atangana–Baleanu–Caputo differential operators
Authors: ul Haq Ihtisham , Ali Nigar , Ahmad Hijaz , Sabra Ramadan , Albalwi M. Daher , Ahmad Imtiaz
Published: October 2023

This research aims to use fractional operators to analyze a fractional-order model of a coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). We use some basic results and definitions from fractional calculus and then, by using them, investigate the effects of these operators in a better elucidation of the epidemic COVID-19. We showed the existence and uniqueness of the solution of the proposed model by applying the Picard–Lindelöf theorem and Banach contraction principle. We established the generalized Hyers–Ulam stability of the fractional model using Gronwall’s inequality. We developed effective numerical scheme to solve these fractional systems, which gives a perfect approximate solution to the fractional system. Finally, the numerical simulations were performed in each case to verify all theoretical result.
Between Privacy and Utility: On Differential Privacy in Theory and Practice
Authors: Seeman Jeremy , Susser Daniel
Published: October 2023

Differential privacy (DP) aims to confer data processing systems with inherent privacy guarantees, offering strong protections for personal data. But DP’s approach to privacy carries with it certain assumptions about how mathematical abstractions will be translated into real-world systems, which—if left unexamined and unrealized in practice—could function to shield data collectors from liability and criticism, rather than substantively protect data subjects from privacy harms. This article investigates these assumptions and discusses their implications for using DP to govern data-driven systems. In Parts 1 and 2, we introduce DP as, on one hand, a mathematical framework and, on the other hand, a kind of real-world sociotechnical system, using a hypothetical case study to illustrate how the two can diverge. In Parts 3 and 4, we discuss the way DP frames privacy loss, data processing interventions, and data subject participation, arguing it could exacerbate existing problems in privacy regulation. In part 5, we conclude with a discussion of DP’s potential interactions with the endogeneity of privacy law, and we propose principles for best governing DP systems. In making such assumptions and their consequences explicit, we hope to help DP succeed at realizing its promise for better substantive privacy protections.
Evaluation of XR Applications: A Tertiary Review
Authors: Becker Artur , Freitas Carla M. Dal Sasso
Published: October 2023

Extended reality (XR) applications—encompassing virtual reality, augmented reality, and mixed reality—are finding their way into multiple domains. Each area has different motivations for employing and different criteria for evaluating XR. Multiple surveys describe XR and its evaluation in particular fields. However, these surveys do not always agree on the definition of XR. This lack of consensus makes it hard to compare and use learnings from XR research across areas. Through a tertiary systematic literature review, we analyzed 81 surveys from several fields to provide a comprehensive summary of the state of XR research regarding the evaluation of XR applications. We seek to understand (i) how is XR defined? (ii) why is XR employed? (iii) how is XR evaluated? (iv) what are the main criticisms and future research paths outlined by the surveys? and (v) how good are the surveys? We present our findings describing XR research in 10 categories. Given our findings, we propose that future research should build upon a solid XR taxonomy and depart from effectiveness into efficiency research—to understand not only
if
but also
how
XR achieves the desired outcomes.
Feature Disentanglement Network: Multi-Object Tracking Needs More Differentiated Features
Authors: Guo Wen , Quan Wuzhou , Gao Junyu , Zhang Tianzhu , Xu Changsheng
Published: October 2023

To reduce computational redundancies, a common approach is to integrate detection and re-identification (Re-ID) into a single network in multi-object tracking (MOT), referred to as “tracking by detection.” Most of the previous research has focused on resolving the conflict between the detection and Re-ID branches, considering it a simple coupling. In our work, we uncover that the entangled state between the detection and Re-ID tasks is much more complex than previous idea, resulting in a form of competition that degrades performance. To address the preceding issue, we propose a feature disentanglement network that deeply disentangles the intricately interwoven latent space of features and provides differentiated feature maps for each individual task. Furthermore, considering the demand for shallow semantic features in the feature re-ID branch, we also introduce a feature re-globalization module to enrich the shallow semantics. By integrating two distinct networks into a one-shot online MOT method, we develop a robust MOT tracker (named
HDGTrack
). We conduct extensive experiments on a number of benchmarks, and our experimental results demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art MOT methods. Besides, HDGTrack is efficient and can run at 13.9 (MOT17) and 8.7 (MOT20) frames per second.
Enhancing Human-in-the-Loop Ontology Curation Results through Task Design
Authors: Tsaneva Stefani , Sabou Marta
Published: October 2023

The success of artificial intelligence (AI) applications is heavily dependent on the quality of data they rely on. Thus, data curation, dealing with cleaning, organising, and managing data, has become a significant research area to be addressed. Increasingly, semantic data structures such as ontologies and knowledge graphs empower the new generation of AI systems. In this article, we focus on ontologies as a special type of data. Ontologies are conceptual data structures representing a domain of interest and are often used as a backbone to knowledge-based intelligent systems or as an additional input for machine learning algorithms. Low-quality ontologies, containing incorrectly represented information or controversial concepts modelled from a single viewpoint, can lead to invalid application outputs and biased systems. Thus, we focus on the curation of ontologies as a crucial factor for ensuring trust in the enabled AI systems. While some ontology quality aspects can be automatically evaluated, others require a human-in-the-loop evaluation. Yet, despite the importance of the field, several ontology quality aspects have not yet been addressed and there is a lack of guidelines for optimal design of human computation tasks to perform such evaluations. In this article, we advance the state-of-the-art by making two novel contributions. First, we propose a human computation (HC)–based approach for the
verification of ontology restrictions
—an ontology evaluation aspect that has not yet been addressed with HC techniques. Second, by performing two controlled experiments with a junior expert crowd, we empirically derive task design guidelines for achieving high-quality evaluation results related to (i) the
formalism for representing ontology axioms
and (ii)
crowd qualification testing
. We find that the representation format of the ontology does not significantly influence the campaign results. Nevertheless, contributors expressed a preference in working with a graphical ontology representation. Additionally, we show that an objective qualification test is better fitted at assessing contributors’ prior knowledge rather than a subjective self-assessment and that prior modelling knowledge of the contributors had a positive effect on their judgements. We make all artefacts designed and used in the experimental campaign publicly available.
The Photoelectrochemical Response of PbCrO4 Thin Film Fabricated Using Pechini Method: The Effect of Nitrate Decomposition in Precursor Solution
Authors: Gwon Ye Ri , Kang Jinseok , Choe Seunghoe , Cho Sung Ki
Published: October 2023

PbCrO4 is one of the metal-oxide semiconductors that can be utilized for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. The Pechini method was employed to fabricate a PbCrO4 thin film photoanode, and the properties of the thin film were found to be dependent on the precursor heating temperature. Precursor heating enhanced the complexation between the metal ion and citric acid and the decomposition of metal nitrate in the Pechini precursor solution, leading to the fine morphology of the film. As the precursor heating temperature increased, the grain size of the film decreased, which lowered the photoresponse for precursor heating temperatures above 80 °C. Meanwhile, at a low precursor heating temperature, the presence of the Urbach tail was confirmed via UV–vis absorption spectroscopy. It can act as a trap, capturing the charge carrier, and leading to the decrease in the photoresponse of the PbCrO4 thin film. Consequently, the photoactivity of the PbCrO4 thin film toward water oxidation was maximized for a precursor heating temperature of 80 °C. However, the performance of the PbCrO4 photoanode degraded during water oxidation, regardless of the precursor heating temperature.
Influence of Induced Local Stress on The Morphology of Porous Anodic Alumina at The Initial Stage of Oxide Growth
Authors: Chernyakova Katsiaryna , Tzaneva Boriana , Jagminas Arunas , Lushpa Nikita , Vrublevsky Igor
Published: October 2023

A characteristic feature of the disordered pore growth at the initial stage of aluminum anodizing is the development of three large groups of pores: the major pores of larger diameter and two groups of minor pores of smaller diameter. The samples were obtained by the electrochemical oxidation of thin aluminum films (100 nm thick) on SiO2/Si substrates in a 0.3 M oxalic acid at 30 V at 5 °C–40 °C. According to SEM studies, the pore distribution by diameter for the films obtained at 20 and 40 °C has three distinct peaks at ca. 13.5, 17.2, and 20.3 nm. The ratio of the diameter of major pores to the diameter of minor pores of group 1 or group 2 is constant and approximately equal to 1.17 and 1.51, respectively. The generation of local compressive stress influences the development of porous morphology. The distribution of zones with high and low compressive stress levels inside hexagonal cells is shown, and their correlation with the porous morphology is confirmed. The generation of local stress and strains in the anodic alumina layer with a porous, cellular structure is associated with local areas with changes in the geometric properties on its surface.
Divergence in aerobic capacity influences hepatic and systemic metabolic adaptations to bile acid sequestrant and short-term high-fat/sucrose feeding in rats
Authors: Kugler Benjamin A. , Cao Xin , Wenger Madi , Franczak Edziu , McCoin Colin S. , Von Schulze Alex , Morris E. Matthew , Thyfault John P.
Published: October 2023

The administration of bile acid sequestrant (BA-Seq) has uniform metabolic benefits in terms of metabolic flexibility and adiposity in rats with high and low aerobic capacity. However, rats with higher aerobic capacity demonstrate greater adaptability in hepatic bile acid metabolism, resulting in increased fecal bile acid and lipid loss, as well as enhanced fecal energy loss.
Effects of hyperthermia and acidosis on mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Davis Michael S. , Bayly Warwick M. , Hansen Cristina M. , Barrett Montana R. , Blake Cara A.
Published: October 2023

The results of this study provide evidence for the role of mitochondria-derived ROS in the development of systemic oxidative stress during exercise as well as skeletal muscle diseases such as exertional rhabdomyolysis.
Gut microbiota and metabolomics profiles in patients with chronic stable angina and acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Ahmad Adilah F. , Caparrós-Martin Jose A. , Gray Nicola , Lodge Samantha , Wist Julien , Lee Silvia , O’Gara Fergal , Dwivedi Girish , Ward Natalie C.
Published: October 2023

The study found discriminative microorganisms differentiating patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) from healthy controls. In addition, reduced levels of certain bacterial metabolites and elevated sCD14 and sCD163 were observed in patients with ACS compared with healthy controls. Furthermore, modified small molecule metabolomic and lipidomic signatures were found in both patient groups. Although it is not known whether these differences in profiles are associated with disease development and/or progression, the findings provide exciting options for potential new disease-related mechanism(s) and associated therapeutic target(s).
Numerical Investigation of MHD Carreau Nanofluid Flow with Nonlinear Thermal Radiation and Joule Heating by Employing Darcy–Forchheimer Effect over a Stretching Porous Medium
Authors: Bafe Endale Ersino , Firdi Mitiku Daba , Enyadene Lemi Guta
Published: October 2023

Heat transfer in fluid mechanisms has a stronghold in everyday activities. To this end, nanofluids take a leading position in the advent of the betterment of thermal conductivity. The present study examines numerical investigations of incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of Carreau nanofluid by considering nonlinear thermal radiation, Joule heating, temperature-dependent heat source/sink, and chemical reactions with attached Brownian movement and thermophoresis above a stretching sheet that saturates the porous medium. Pertaining similarity assumptions are used to change the flow equations into tractable forms of higher order nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The continuation technique is adopted in the MATLAB bvp4c package for the numerical outcomes. The velocity, temperature, and nanoparticle concentration distributions in contrast to the leading parameters are availed in graphical and tabular descriptions. Among the many outcomes, increasing the radiation parameter from 0.2 to 0.8 surged the heat transfer rate by

47.78
%

at n = 1.5 and lifted it only by

8.5
%

at n = 0.5. By boosting the magnetic parameter from 0 to 1.5, respective

37.64
%

and

20.17
%

rises in local drag forces are achieved in shear-thickening and thinning regions. On top of that, chemical reactions and Brownian motion parameters decay the concentration field. The distinctiveness of this method is that a solution is secured for the problem, which is highly sensitive to initial and boundary conditions. It will be worth mentioning that these fluid flow models will be applicable in various fields, such as engineering, petroleum, nuclear safety processes, and medical science.
Mass Trapping of Live Male Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel (Diptera: Tephritidae): Interaction between Trap Types and Period of Trapping
Authors: Ofori Enoch Selorm Kofi , Dottey Linus , Osae Michael Yao , Abraham John , Kwapong Peter Kofi
Published: October 2023

Mass trapping of insects involves the use of specific traps or devices that are designed to attract and capture a large number of adult insects, thereby reducing their population in the agricultural environment. This approach aims at disrupting the breeding cycle and proliferation of the target insect to minimize crop damage and economic losses. This study evaluated the efficiency of three trap types (Ecoman, Tephri, and Bucket funnel) and period of the day (morning, afternoon, and evening) in mass trapping of live male Bactrocera dorsalis and the survival of such catch over a period. The traps were deployed on selected trees following 3 × 3 factorial experiments. All the Bactrocera dorsalis caught in the traps were males. Ecoman traps caught the highest number of B. dorsalis in the mornings and evenings while Tephri traps caught the highest B. dorsalis in the afternoons. There was no significant difference in the survival of B. dorsalis in the three trap types after 24 hours. Correlation analysis showed that climatic factors played a significant role in trap catches. Bactrocera dorsalis caught in the evenings recorded higher percentage survival in all the three trap types than those caught during the morning and afternoon. The Ecoman trap was most efficient in trapping B. dorsalis. Hence, this study recommends the Ecoman trap for mass trapping live male B. dorsalis meant for further experiments such as irradiation studies.
Purulent Skin and Soft Tissue Infections, Challenging the Practice of Incision and Drainage: A Scoping Review
Authors: Stout Liam , Stephens Melanie , Hashmi Farina
Published: October 2023

Aim. To generate a landscape of the current knowledge in the interventional management and outcomes of purulent skin and soft tissue infections. Design. This study is a scoping review. Methods. Electronic searches were undertaken using CINAHL, Medline, Cochrane Library, British Nursing Index, Science Direct, the National Health Service knowledge and library hub, ClinicalTrials.gov, and MedNar. The population, concept, context framework, and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews were utilised, supporting a rigorous appraisal and synthesis of literature. Data Sources. The initial search and synthesis of literature were completed in January 2022 with repeat searches completed in March 2022 and July 2023. There were no imposed chronological parameters placed on the returned literature. Results. Nineteen papers were reviewed. Incision and drainage with primary closure, needle aspiration, loop drainage, catheter drainage, and suction drainage are viable adjuncts or alternatives to the traditional surgical management of skin and soft tissue abscesses. Conclusion. Despite the empirically favourable alternatives to the incision and drainage technique demonstrated, this does not appear to be driving a change in clinical practice. Future research must now look to mixed and qualitative evidence to understand the causative mechanisms of incision and drainage and its ritualistic practice. Implications. Ritual surgical practices must be challenged if nurses are to improve the treatment and management of this patient group. This will lead to further practice innovation. Impact: This study explored the challenges posed to patients, clinicians, nurses, and stakeholders, resulting from the ritualistic practice of the incision and drainage technique in purulent skin or soft tissue abscesses. Empirically and holistically viable alternatives were identified, impacting all identified entities and recommending a wider holistic study. Reporting Method. Adherence to EQUATOR guidance was achieved through the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews.
Colitis as the Initial Presentation of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis
Authors: Menon Sharika Gopakumar , Hugenberg Steven , Alkashash Ahmad M. , Lin Jingmei , Iranmanesh Arya M.
Published: October 2023

A male patient in his early sixties with recurrent diarrhea was transferred to our hospital. The patient did not have any pulmonary or upper respiratory symptoms. He was noted to have peripheral eosinophilia. Further workup revealed a negative antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody titer but a positive myeloperoxidase antibody and positive proteinase 3 antibodies. A colon biopsy also revealed eosinophilic-rich granulomas in the mucosa, confirming a diagnosis of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis. On cardiac imaging, eosinophilic myocarditis was also discovered. To treat active severe EGPA, the patient received high-dose corticosteroids and intravenous cyclophosphamide. The occurrence of gastrointestinal involvement as an initial manifestation of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis is infrequent, emphasizing the significance of its recognition. This case underscores the importance of identifying and diagnosing such atypical presentations to facilitate timely and appropriate management.
Prescribed-Time Fractional Order Control of DWR via Time-Varying Scaling Function
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Chen Qiyuan , Chen Ye
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on a differential wheeled robot’s (DWR) prescribed-time fractional order position control. Firstly, based on the kinematic model of DWR, a distance-related orientation error is designed using the inverse sine function. Based on this, an improved linear velocity constraint function is proposed. Compared with existing methods, while ensuring the correlation between velocity and orientation error, the multibalance point risk caused by large angle errors is avoided. Then, a prescribed-time fractional order position controller based on a time-varying scaling function is proposed to stabilize the kinematic system of DWR in the prescribed time. This controller can stabilize the position control system of the DWR in a prescribed time by adjusting the prescribed-time parameter, avoiding the infinite gain risk in traditional prescribed-time controllers. Finally, through numerical simulation, we verify that the proposed control law can converge the system status of DWR to the bounded interval in the prescribed time.
A New Unsteady Flow Control Technology of Centrifugal Compressor Based on Negative Circulation Concept
Authors: Hong Shuli , Yang Yuxuan , Lu Weiyu , Xiang Xin
Published: October 2023

The tip leakage vortex (TLV) induced by the tip clearance flow has a significant impact on the performance of centrifugal compressors, causing impeller flow losses and reducing the stall margin. To solve this problem, an unsteady flow control technology called the NCFC method is proposed based on the concept of negative circulation control, realized by a vortex generator placed in a tube connected with the shroud through a hole. The approach is derived from a theoretical study of the compressor TLV by introducing a two-dimensional vortex model. A numerical simulation is then performed to verify the effectiveness of the NCFC method. The result shows that the NCFC method can greatly stabilize the flow field at the blade tip and improve the stall margin and efficiency of the compressor without reducing the total pressure ratio of the compressor, which has the characteristics of both unsteadiness and negative circulation effect. In addition, a HC method with only unsteady excitation effect is also studied for comparison, which only slightly stabilizes the blade tip flow and increases the stall margin of the compressor, suggesting that the NCFC is more effective than the HC. Finally, it is highly recommended to improve the efficiency of any unsteady jet/suction and separation flow interaction.
Adverse Reaction Signals Mining of Vonoprazan: A Pharmacovigilance Study Based on FAERS
Authors: Chi Zhenfei , Bai Xuesong , Zhang Zhe
Published: October 2023

Background. Vonoprazan is a novel selective and noncompetitive oxidative-reduction state proton pump inhibitor (PPI), known as a potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB). Due to its novelty, the clinical application of vonoprazan is relatively limited, and its long-term safety and adverse effects still need to be further studied and confirmed. Methods. We used the data from the FDA adverse eventreporting system (FAERS) from 2015 to 2022. Disproportionality method including calculation of the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and calculation of the information component (IC) was used to detect potential adverse drug reactions (ADRs). In preferred terms, the significant signals are ranked in the following order: Plateletcrit increased (ROR 1447.3 IC 36.62), benign duodenal neoplasm (ROR 11157.84 IC 36.40), gallbladder volvulus (ROR 964.77 IC 36.20), myopathy endocrine (ROR 723.58 IC 35.88), pernio-like erythema (ROR 723.58 IC 35.88), septic coagulopathy (ROR 723.58 IC 35.88), and so on. In SOCs, the significant signals are ranked in the following order: hepatobiliary disorders (ROR 5.65 IC 29.15), metabolism and nutrition disorders (ROR 2.78 IC 28.12), blood and lymphatic system disorders (ROR 2.73 IC 28.12), investigations (ROR 2.19 IC 27.76), endocrine disorders (ROR 2.09 IC27.76), gastrointestinal disorders (ROR 1.87 IC 27.52), and so on. Conclusion. Despite its potential advantages, there is still limited clinical experience with vonoprazan, and the long-term safety and adverse effects of this drug are not fully understood. Further studies are needed to confirm its safety and efficacy in a larger patient population and to establish its role in the management of acid-related disorders. In the meantime, careful monitoring and patient education are recommended for those who are prescribed vonoprazan.
In Silico Screening, In Vitro Mpro Inhibitory, and Adjunctive Therapy Value of Minocycline for the Treatment of COVID-19
Authors: Han Yaru , Bai Xianxiang , Wu Si , Luan Xiurong , Ren Liwen , Wang Jinhua , She Zhanfei , Xiao Bin , Du Guanhua
Published: October 2023

What Is Known and Objective. Novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still ravaging globally since its first discovery in 2019. With the continuous emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) mutant strains, therapeutic entities are still needed to be discovered. This study was to explore SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors and therapeutic entities for COVID-19. Methods. Based on Lipinski’s rule of 5, a small-scale “old” drug database (clinical drugs being used in Ordos Central Hospital) was established, and in silico screening of Mpro inhibitors was conducted. Binding affinity and interaction as well as structure-affinity relationship were analyzed. Furthermore, molecular dynamic (MD) simulation of the selected drugs was performed to understand the conformational changes in docked complex. In vitro Mpro inhibition tests were performed according to established methods. Finally, literature review of potential “old” drug for the treatment of COVID-19 was conducted. Results and Discussion. The antibiotic minocycline, an inhibitor of bacterial ribosomal RNA, was screened out which showed the highest binding affinity (−9.6 kcal/mol). Beside the hydrogen bond with Cys145 and hydrophobic interactions, minocycline formed a pi-cation with His41, which strongly supported minocycline as a Michael addition acceptor to bind with the catalytic site of Mpro. MD simulation results show that minocycline displayed less conformational changes. The structure-affinity relationship was summarized based on minocycline analogs, and minocycline showed in vitro Mpro inhibitory activity with IC50 of 5 mM. More importantly, the literature review found that minocycline had both in vitro and in vivo broad-spectrum antiviral as well as anti-inflammatory activities, and the levels of a broad spectrum of biological markers during minocycline administration were opposed to those of COVID-19 conditions (both severe and nonsevere). What is New and Conclusion. Minocycline deserves an adjunctive therapeutic option for COVID-19 condition (both severe and nonsevere). This study shed a new light on drug-repurposing strategy for the viral disease.
Potential Use of Sustainable Industrial Waste Byproducts in Fired and Unfired Brick Production
Authors: Nandipati Sunil , G. V. R. Srinivasa Rao , M. Manjunatha , Dora Nagaraju , Bahij Sifatullah
Published: October 2023

Use of bricks and their manufacturing process plays an important role in the construction sector. Despite its various methods of manufacturing, still large quantities of bricks are used in the building construction. Manufacturing of bricks consumes large quantities of natural resources, and it is energy intensive. Similarly, due to rapid industrialization large quantities of waste industrial byproducts are generated and causes handling and disposal challenges of these wastes. This review work attempts the possibilities and potential use of various types of waste industrial byproducts in fired and unfired bricks. This study also highlights the importance of waste and its usage guidelines in bricks manufacturing to enhance the strength and durability properties. To overcome the challenges associated with bricks manufacturing, firing is still considered as the most preferred method of making bricks. Use of industrial waste byproducts to the mix matrix of fire and unfired bricks will overcome the disposal challenges and reduce the depletion of natural resources. Since sustainability is a key factor that is considered when it comes to making bricks, innovative methods are needed to produce them using sustainable materials. The production and application of bricks and their usage guidelines are reviewed further in various aspects such as environment, social, economic, and technology to meet global standards and policies of the local government for sustainable development.
Subclonal Somatic Copy-Number Alterations Emerge and Dominate in Recurrent Osteosarcoma
Authors: Kinnaman Michael D. , Zaccaria Simone , Makohon-Moore Alvin , Arnold Brian , Levine Max F. , Gundem Gunes , Arango Ossa Juan E. , Glodzik Dominik , Rodríguez-Sánchez M. Irene , Bouvier Nancy , Li Shanita , Stockfisch Emily , Dunigan Marisa , Cobbs Cassidy , Bhanot Umesh K. , You Daoqi , Mullen Katelyn , Melchor Jerry P. , Ortiz Michael V. , O'Donohue Tara J. , Slotkin Emily K. , Wexler Leonard H. , Dela Cruz Filemon S. , Hameed Meera R. , Glade Bender Julia L. , Tap William D. , Meyers Paul A. , Papaemmanuil Elli , Kung Andrew L. , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine A.
Published: October 2023

Multiple large-scale genomic profiling efforts have been undertaken in osteosarcoma to define the genomic drivers of tumorigenesis, therapeutic response, and disease recurrence. The spatial and temporal intratumor heterogeneity could also play a role in promoting tumor growth and treatment resistance. We conducted longitudinal whole-genome sequencing of 37 tumor samples from 8 patients with relapsed or refractory osteosarcoma. Each patient had at least one sample from a primary site and a metastatic or relapse site. Subclonal copy-number alterations were identified in all patients except one. In 5 patients, subclones from the primary tumor emerged and dominated at subsequent relapses. MYC gain/amplification was enriched in the treatment-resistant clones in 6 of 7 patients with multiple clones. Amplifications in other potential driver genes, such as CCNE1, RAD21, VEGFA, and IGF1R, were also observed in the resistant copy-number clones. A chromosomal duplication timing analysis revealed that complex genomic rearrangements typically occurred prior to diagnosis, supporting a macroevolutionary model of evolution, where a large number of genomic aberrations are acquired over a short period of time followed by clonal selection, as opposed to ongoing evolution. A mutational signature analysis of recurrent tumors revealed that homologous repair deficiency (HRD)-related SBS3 increases at each time point in patients with recurrent disease, suggesting that HRD continues to be an active mutagenic process after diagnosis. Overall, by examining the clonal relationships between temporally and spatially separated samples from patients with relapsed/refractory osteosarcoma, this study sheds light on the intratumor heterogeneity and potential drivers of treatment resistance in this disease.

Significance:

The chemoresistant population in recurrent osteosarcoma is subclonal at diagnosis, emerges at the time of primary resection due to selective pressure from neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and is characterized by unique oncogenic amplifications.
Inhibition of PORCN Blocks Wnt Signaling to Attenuate Progression of Oral Carcinogenesis
Authors: Peña-Oyarzún Daniel , Flores Tania , Torres Vicente A. , Quest Andrew F.G. , Lobos-González Lorena , Kretschmar Catalina , Contreras Pamela , Maturana-Ramírez Andrea , Criollo Alfredo , Reyes Montserrat
Published: October 2023

Purpose:

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is commonly preceded by potentially malignant lesions, referred to as oral dysplasia. We recently reported that oral dysplasia is associated with aberrant activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, due to overexpression of Wnt ligands in a Porcupine (PORCN)-dependent manner. Pharmacologic inhibition of PORCN precludes Wnt secretion and has been proposed as a potential therapeutic approach to treat established cancers. Nevertheless, there are no studies that explore the effects of PORCN inhibition at the different stages of oral carcinogenesis.

Experimental Design:

We performed a model of tobacco-induced oral cancer in vitro, where dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOK) were transformed into oral carcinoma cells (DOK-TC), and assessed the effects of inhibiting PORCN with the C59 inhibitor. Similarly, an in vivo model of oral carcinogenesis and ex vivo samples derived from patients diagnosed with oral dysplasia and OSCC were treated with C59.

Results:

Both in vitro and ex vivo oral carcinogenesis approaches revealed decreased levels of nuclear β-catenin and Wnt3a, as observed by immunofluorescence and IHC analyses. Consistently, reduced protein and mRNA levels of survivin were observed after treatment with C59. Functionally, treatment with C59 in vitro resulted in diminished cell migration, viability, and invasion. Finally, by using an in vivo model of oral carcinogenesis, we found that treatment with C59 prevented the development of OSCC by reducing the size and number of oral tumor lesions.

Conclusions:

The inhibition of Wnt ligand secretion with C59 represents a feasible treatment to prevent the progression of early oral lesions toward OSCC.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Targeting MALAT1 Augments Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition by Impairing Homologous Recombination in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yadav Anjali , Biswas Tanay , Praveen Ayush , Ganguly Promit , Bhattacharyya Ankita , Verma Ayushi , Datta Dipak , Ateeq Bushra
Published: October 2023

MALAT1 is upregulated in prostate cancer and positively associates with aggressive clinical phenotype.
Data from Targeting MALAT1 Augments Sensitivity to PARP Inhibition by Impairing Homologous Recombination in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Yadav Anjali , Biswas Tanay , Praveen Ayush , Ganguly Promit , Bhattacharyya Ankita , Verma Ayushi , Datta Dipak , Ateeq Bushra
Published: October 2023

Abstract
PARP inhibitors (PARPi) have emerged as a promising targeted therapeutic intervention for metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, the clinical utility of PARPi is limited to a subset of patients who harbor aberrations in the genes associated with the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Here, we report that targeting metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1), an oncogenic long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), contrives a BRCAness-like phenotype, and augments sensitivity to PARPi. Mechanistically, we show that MALAT1 silencing reprograms the homologous recombination (HR) transcriptome and makes prostate cancer cells more vulnerable to PARPi. Particularly, coinhibition of MALAT1 and PARP1 exhibits a decline in clonogenic survival, delays resolution of γH2AX foci, and reduces tumor burden in mice xenograft model. Moreover, we show that miR-421, a tumor suppressor miRNA, negatively regulates the expression of HR genes, while in aggressive prostate cancer cases, miR-421 is sequestered by MALAT1, leading to increased expression of HR genes. Conclusively, our findings suggest that MALAT1 ablation confers sensitivity to PARPi, thus highlighting an alternative therapeutic strategy for patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), irrespective of the alterations in HR genes.
Significance:
PARPi are clinically approved for patients with metastatic CRPC carrying mutations in HR genes, but are ineffective for HR-proficient prostate cancer. Herein, we show that oncogenic lncRNA, MALAT1 is frequently overexpressed in advanced stage prostate cancer and plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic integrity. Importantly, we propose a novel therapeutic strategy that emphasizes MALAT1 inhibition, leading to HR dysfunction in both HR-deficient and -proficient prostate cancer, consequently augmenting their susceptibility to PARPi.
Evidence-Based Management of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Consensus Statements from the Gulf Region
Authors: Alshemmari Salem H. , Siddiqui Mustaqeem A. , Pandita Ramesh , Osman Hani Y. , Cherif Honar , O'Brien Susan , Marashi Mahmoud , Al Farsi Khalil
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Despite recent advances in diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment options, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is still a largely incurable disease. New concepts on diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up on CLL have been incorporated throughout recent years. The lack of regional consensus guidelines has led to varying practices in the management of patients with CLL in the region. This manuscript aims to reach a consensus among expert hematologists regarding the definitions, classifications, and related practices of CLL. The experts developed a set of statements utilizing their personal experience together with the current literature on CLL management. This consensus aims to provide guidance for healthcare professionals involved in the management of CLL and serves as a step in developing regional guidelines. Methods: Eight experts responded to 50 statements regarding the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and prognosis of CLL with three potential answering alternatives ranging between agree, disagree, and abstain. This consensus adopted a modified Delphi consensus methodology. A consensus was reached when at least 75% of the agreement to the answer was reached. This manuscript presents the scientific insights of the participating attendees, panel discussions, and the supporting literature review. Results: Of the 50 statements, a consensus was reached on almost all statements. Statements covered CLL-related topics, including diagnostic evaluation, staging, risk assessment, different patient profiles, prognostic evaluation, treatment decisions, therapy sequences, response evaluation, complications, and CLL during the COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: In recent years, CLL management has progressed significantly, with many diagnostic tests and several novel treatments becoming available. This consensus gathers decades of consolidated principles, novel research, and promising prospects for the management of this disease.
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Risk of Incident Dementia in Middle-Aged to Older Women: Results from the UK Biobank Cohort Study
Authors: Huang Junlin , Xu Bingyan , Chen Xiaomin , Yang Linjie , Liu Deying , Lin Jiayang , Liu Yating , Lei Xuzhen , Huang Chensihan , Dou Weijuan , Guo Dan , Wei Xueyun , Zhang Peizhen , Huang Yan , Gu Xuejiang , Zhang Huijie
Published: October 2023

Introduction: The association of serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations with dementia risk remains uncertain in middle-aged to older women. We examined associations of serum SHBG levels with incidence of all-cause dementia and its subtypes in middle-aged to older women from the large population-based UK Biobank cohort study. Methods: Serum total SHBG levels were measured by immunoassay. The incidence of all-cause dementia and its subtypes was recorded. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) for main outcomes. Results: Among 171,482 community-dwelling women (mean [SD] age was 59.9 [5.4] years, median follow-up of 11.8 years), 2,368 developed dementia, including 1,088 from Alzheimer’s disease (AD), 451 from vascular dementia (VAD), and 1,609 from other dementia. After multivariable adjustments, higher serum SHBG levels were significantly associated with higher risks of all-cause dementia, AD, and other dementia (all p < 0.05). Compared to those in the lowest quartile of SHBG levels, participants in the highest quartile of SHBG levels had a higher risk of all-cause dementia (HR: 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16–1.53), AD (HR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.07–1.62), and other dementia (HR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.21–1.70). However, this relationship was not significant for VAD (HR: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.86–1.56). Conclusion: These findings indicated that higher serum SHBG concentrations were independently associated with higher risks of incident all-cause dementia, as well as AD and other dementia among middle-aged to older women. No association was found for VAD.
A Qualitative Research on the Experiences of Dentists Working in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: YERTÜM Umut
Published: October 2023

This study aims to analyze the working conditions, income and social security levels, work accident or occupational disease and working motivation of dentists during the Covid-19 Pandemic. For this purpose, interviews were conducted with 21 dentists working in Istanbul during the Pandemic, using semi-structured interview technique. 38% of the participants say that they work compulsorily during the pandemic process, and 33.3% say that their motivation to work is to earn income. According to 66.6% of the participants, the most difficult part of working during the pandemic is wearing a mask and visor. 71.5% of the participants have mental problems due to the anxiety of infecting their relatives. 38% of the participants state that they are ostracized by their friends or relatives because of the risk of infecting others. 19% of the participants were exposed to discrimination by their managers because they took unpaid leave during the Covid-19 Pandemic.