bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substantial aspects of municipal education bodies strategies and projects development
Authors: Fishman Lev Isaakovich , Ivanov Mikhail Yurievich
Published: December 2020

Theoretical approaches to municipal education bodies strategies and projects development are presented in this paper. The conceptualization of municipal system of education as territorial-sectoral complex which is structurally isomorphic to holding helps to understand institutional character of a municipal education body as similar to the character of management company while the position of schools and other organizations which provide education services as similar to the position of holding production units. Having studied the peculiarities of relationship of a municipal education body and schools we suggest the functions of municipal education body, which assigns tasks to schools and provides schools with different resources. We also suggest the classification of resources, which are the management objects of municipal education body: organizational resources, financial resources, human resources, public relations recourses and information resources. On this base we group the management mechanisms of municipal education body: the mechanisms of school and other organizations structure optimization, the mechanisms of schools and other organizations financing, the mechanisms of schools and other organizations human resources development, the mechanisms of schools and other organizations interaction with the subjects of the environment, the mechanisms of control and monitoring of a municipal system of education. That is why the objectives of municipal strategies and specific targets of municipal projects need to be connected with the modernization of these mechanisms.
Preliminary results of spectrophotometric screening of secondary metabolites accumulation in lichen thalloms
Authors: Gorina Maria Vladimirovna , Kavelenova Lyudmila Mikhailovna , Platonova Svetlana Alexandrovna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the influence of biotopic conditions on the secondary compounds accumulation in lichen thalloms. Secondary metabolites inherent in the metabolism of various groups of organisms are widely represented in symbiotic organisms lichens, with a significant number of these compounds being phenolic derivatives. The authors of the paper present the results of spectrophotometric scanning of alcohol extracts from lichen thalloms of three species: Xanthoria parietina (L.) Belt., Parmelia sulcata Tayl., Vulpicida pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson M.J. Lai, sampled in different forest communities of the Krasnosamarsky forest (Samara Region), in 9 plots, where plant communities were fragments of natural forests (birch, aspen, linden, oak) and forest stands. Forest communities differed in their position in the relief, the composition of the arboreal stage, associated with the height and closeness of the plantations to microclimate conditions. The extracts obtained by infusion of 96% ethanol samples were analyzed using the AZURA UV / VIS UVD 2.1 L detector (190750 nm, Knauer) in the laboratory of Chemistry Department of Samara University to obtain absorption spectra in the UV region using the ClarityChrom program. The study can be considered as an initial stage of bioecological screening, which makes it possible to ascertain the dependence of the secondary metabolites accumulation on habitat parameters in relation to the conditions of forest ecosystems in different parts of the Samara Region. The spectrophotometric study of the extracts demonstrated the presence of species-specific features of the spectra, indicating the differences in the qualitative composition of the extracts. For extracts obtained from samples of lichens were found spectra differences: quantitative for all the species, and also qualitative for Xanthoria parietina and Vulpicida pinastri extracts, related to qualitative and quantitative differences in the accumulation of secondary metabolites. These differences are presumably associated with differences in the biotopic conditions of growth of the thalli of the three studied lichen species.
Structure and dynamics of alien flora of the railroads in the forest-steppe zone of Middle Volga Region
Authors: Nikitin Nikolay Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The following paper is a result of many-year-observations of the railways flora in the Middle Volga Region. Observations were carried out on the territory of several entities with different configurations of the railway network and the intensity of its operation. The cited data characterize the foreign component as a two-level dynamic system consisting of a core and a fluctuating outer belt. The core is represented by American and Eurasian invasive species that are firmly established in the natural plant communities and capable of prolonged growth in one place. External fluctuating belt consists of naturalized alien species and permanently or occasionally presents in the composition of ruderal vegetation, capable of changing their numbers, depending on the living conditions and the operation of the railways. Structurally alien flora is formed under the influence of extreme living conditions that is reflected in the predominance of annual herbaceous plants xerophytic spectrum, as well as the cosmopolitan weed. The taxonomic structure shows impoverishment of the species composition, low values of the species occupancy rate, but at the same time the generic fillability of the families shows relatively high indices. In general, foreign component flora characterized by considerable resistance to extreme environmental conditions, is capable of long-term existence in a certain area, with a tendency to settling in adjacent territories characterizing similar habitat conditions.
Old cities environment transformation in the conditions of modern technogenic influence (ecological analysis of Kimry, Tver Region)
Authors: Savvateeva Olga Alexandrovna , Arkhipova Elena Vitalievna , Belova Alexandra Nicolaevna , Vlasova Alexandra Andreevna
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with the problem of historic cultural centers environment transformation on the example of Kimry, the Tver Region. The relevance of the research is defined by the fact that technogenic influence of all environment components on urban areas is actually big. The dense population, abundance of multi-storey residential buildings and social objects are combined with intensive traffic flows, existence of the household and industrial enterprises emanated considerable technogenic flows of toxic substances. The paper contains results of a complex analysis of Kimry ecological state, including assessment of soil cover and atmospheric air pollution, magnetic component of technogenic electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency, air aero ionic composition and acoustic influences. The authors show that the maximum technogenic transformation of environmental material and geophysical components is characteristic for the Kimry central part where difficult infrastructure of the modern city is inscribed in tight space of the historic center. Pollution of soil cover and atmospheric air are due to high concentration of transport and imperfection of highways network. Universal existence of electromagnetic smog and change of air aero ionic composition are caused by low layout of city lighting and electrical power supply networks wiring. As a result the authors offer a number of ways how to improve the ecological situation. Division of business parts and cultural parts of old cities and creation of recreational and tourist clusters in the cultural part could be a cardinal solution of the historic centers problem.
Mesolithic monument Novaya Kazanka 1 in the Northern Caspian region (materials of 2005)
Authors: Artukhova Olga Anatoljevna , Mamirov Talgat Basarbaevich , Klyshev Yerlan Yersainovich
Published: December 2020

This paper provides information about exploring of the Stone Age at the site Novaya Kazanka 1 in sand dunes on the western shore of Lake Soraidyn by employees of Institute of Archeology named after A.Kh. Margulan. They worked on the monument in 2003 and 2005. 8 accumulations of stone artifacts were allocated on the monument. The pits laid at the site showed the absence of the buried cultural layer. Stone artifacts were made mainly of two types of raw materials siliceous rock and quartzite sandstone. The typological description of the stone collection of accumulations at the Novaya Kazanka 1 site indicates their chronological diversity ranging from purely Mesolithic complexes to mixed Meso-Neolithic ones. The technique of primary splitting is represented by unit nuclei and fragments of small dimensions. The tools are represented by scrapers, mostly end-plates on fragments of plates, lamellar flakes, plates and fragments of retouched plates, geometric microliths (segments, trapeziums, and triangles) and others. The stone inventory of the accumulations at the Novaya Kazanka 1 site does not contradict the conclusions about the correlation of the monuments near Lake Soraidyn with the monuments of the Istai group of the Seroglazov culture, which is expressed both in raw materials preferences and in the technique of primary splitting, as well as in the collection of stone implements.
Archeological monuments of Srednedonskaya culture on the Upper Don territory
Authors: Smolyaninov Roman Viktorovich , Bessudnov Alexander Nikolaevich
Published: December 2020

The materials of the first stage that belong to the VI millennium BC (CalBC) are featured by pure layers and pinched pottery. These features were revealed in the materials of Monastyrskaya site in Pribityuzhie, in the lower layer of Cherkasskaya site (archeological excavations of 19791981) as well as in Inyasevskaya, Shapkinskaya 6, Plautinskaya 2 in Pohoperie. On the Upper Don territory similar complexes are only revealed in the lower layers of Yarlukovskaya Protoka settlement, Dobroе 4 and Universitetskaya 3 sites. The second stage is dated by the end of VI the first half of V millennium BC. It has much more materials. They were revealed both on the Voronezh River and Don. This stage is featured by pinches on the pottery as well as ornaments in the shape of small thin comb. These ornaments were brought to the Don forest-steppe by the population of the early Eneolithic from the Mariupol cultural and historical area. At the beginning of the third stage (second half of V millennium BC) the population of Srednedonskaya culture initiated more active communication with entrants from the Neolithic population which had comb-dimpled pottery as well as with people of Eneolithic Srednestogovskaya culture.
Buildings of the late settlement stage site Serteya XIV: cultural attribution and possibilities of graphic reconstruction
Authors: Khrustaleva Irina Yurjevna
Published: December 2020

The lake settlement Serteya XIV (Velizhskiy district, Smolensk region, Russia), studied during the 1990s the beginning of 21st century, was found to contain several different habitation horizons with finds and building remains dating from the Mesolithic to the Final Neolithic or Chalcolithic (9 the 1st half of 2 Millennia cal. BC). Cultural layers of the settlement lie both within sandy coastal sediments and peaty part of the lake basin. The dwellings remains from the later stages of habitation are discussed in this paper. These include two buildings located on the sandy shore terrace and one in the peaty part of the site. During the excavations and initial find analysis these buildings were connected with the Middle and Late Neolithic. These conclusions were revised after the subsequent analyses of ceramic material and spatial distribution of different ceramic groups and other objects at the settlement, as well as obtaining a series of radiocarbon dating. The earliest of the dwellings was determined to belong to the Early Neolithic, to the final stage of Serteyskaya or the beginning stage of Rudnyanskaya archaeological culture (the 4th quarter of 6 Millennium cal. BC). Two different chronological phases were detected in the remains of the second building: the first one connected with the final stage of Rudnyanskaya archaeological culture (the end of 6 Millennium cal. BC), the second one with Usvyatskaya archaeological culture (the late 54 Millennia cal. BC). The third construction originally associated with Rudnyanskaya culture was confirmed to belong to the Final Neolithic/Chalcolithic (the 1st half of 2 Millennium cal. BC). Its date and cultural attribution have not been determined more precisely yet. The second important question of the present research concerns the possibilities to make graphic reconstruction of Stone Age buildings. As the cultural layers of most sites in the studied region are laid in sandy deposits, which do not preserve any organic materials or details of the buildings, all reconstructions have tentative character. Therefore, the building found in the peaty part of Serteya XIV is of great importance due to the preserved details of wooden construction. These materials provide additional information about the used tree species and the ways they were utilized in building activities.
Complex studies of the territory of the Berezovoslobodsky archaeological complex on the Lower Sukhona
Authors: Ivanistcheva Marina Viktorovna , Kulkova Marianna Alekseevna , Ivanistcheva Elizaveta Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with complex studies of the compact location of archaeological sites, including various sites and settlements in the key area of Beryozovaya Slobodka in the Lower Sukhona basin (eastern part of the Vologda region). In the course of landscape studies, the geomorphology of the site was refined, the confinement of the different parking places to various relief elements and the priority factors of ancient settlement preferences were determined. Landscape studies of the ancient population life support zone showed that relatively safe location and provision of the ancient population by various economic lands and natural resources were determined by the complexity and high diversity of the landscape structure formed at the junction of the valley-slope complexes of the Sukhona and the Uftyuga flowing into the Sukhona. Geochemical studies of alluvial-soil sediments in the multi-layered settlement of Berezovaya Slobodka II-III, containing cultural layers from the era of the final Paleolithic to the early Iron Age, made it possible to characterize the climatic conditions for the formation of cultural horizons, to estimate the periods of ancient anthropogenic influence and draw conclusions about the character of the reservoir and the periods of the river terraces formation.
Cultures and landscapes of the Upper Kama Region in the early Holocene
Authors: Lychagina Evgenia Leonidovna , Zaretskaya Natalia Evgenievna , Chernov Alexey Vladimirovich , Demakov Denis Alexandrovich , Mitroshin Evgeny Nicolaevich
Published: December 2020

The following paper gives a description of the landscapes formed in the Upper Kama basin in the Holocene. First of all, the authors describe the first river terraces and the most ancient floodplain generations. In the Upper Kama basin, 35 Mesolithic sites are known. During the mapping of the study area, 3 micro regions were identified with a large concentration of Mesolithic settlements and territories with early unknown Holocene sites. The first group includes: the area of the upper Kama near the village of Liokmartovo-Kazantsevo, the old-channel formation of Chashkinskoye Lake and the lower stream of the river Kosa. The second one is the Upper Kama in the Gainy and Kosinsky districts of the Perm region. The analysis of the Mesolithic sites locations showed dependence of the first terraces on the most ancient floodplains of large water arteries. At the same time, this dependence should not be exaggerated because people often settled on smaller rivers and streams.
How to map submerged Stone Age sites using acoustics (some experimental results)
Authors: Grøn Ole , Boldreel Lars Ole , Hermand Jean-Pierre , Rasmussen Hugo , Dell’Anno Antonio , Cvikel Deborah , Galili Ehud , Madsen Bo , Nørmark Egon
Published: December 2020

A central problem for maritime archaeology has been to find survey methods that facilitate efficient and precise mapping of Stone Age sites on the seabed down to the lowest sea level (approximately 140 m) during glacial periods, as well as sites embedded in sea-floor sediments. As predictive landscape modelling has proved to be inadequate for this task, a different approach based on direct detection is required. The observation of an acoustic phenomenon associated with man-made flint debitage but not naturally cracked pieces of flint has opened a window for development of an alternative and efficient direct mapping method. This paper discusses the development of the idea, as well as experimental documentation of the principle on which it is based. It includes a preliminary analysis of how far away on each side of the transducer flint debitage emits an acoustic response, and consequently the required distance between sailing lines for a comprehensive survey to be undertaken at a specific depth.
Archaeological research of the expedition of the museum-reserve «Kizhi» in 2013-2016
Authors: German Konstantin Enrikovich , Melnikov Igor Valerievich
Published: December 2020

The following paper summarizes the study results of the Kizhi Museum-Reserve archaeological expedition in 20132016. During this period Kosmozero, Vanchozero, Turastamozero and Ladmozero on the territory of the Zononezhsky peninsula in the Medvezhyegorsk district and the Suna River within the boundaries of the Kivach state reserve in the Kondopoga district were studied. The purpose of the study was to establish the high-altitude patterns in the location of the Stone Age settlements in the interior of the Karelia. As a result of the works 23 ancient settlements on the territory of the Zaonezhsky peninsula were located on the ancient terraces of the Onega Lake bays at heights of 3 to 12 meters above the current water level in the reservoirs, the most ancient monuments of the Mesolithic era occupying the highest hypsometric marks. A new archeological complex of 20 monuments was discovered, timed to the ancient coastal terraces of the Onega Lake and at altitudes of 4 to 14 meters above the modern water level and in the Suna River.
Some results of petrographic studies of ceramics from the settlement Toksanbay
Authors: Shevnina Irina Victorovna , Loshakova Tatyana Nikolaevna
Published: December 2020

The research is devoted to the studies of raw materials and molding masses of ceramic products from the settlement Toksanbay. The purpose of the research was to study the technological aspects taking place in the course of ceramic vessels production, as well as in-depth study of the raw materials and molding masses of pottery ceramics of the settlement. During the research of samples, in addition to petrographic analysis, fragments of ceramics were studied using the binocular microscopy method, chemical experiments were carried out (using a micromethod) with the use of ammonium molybdenum, hydrochloric acid, and microenacts were checked for iron in the composition of the crock. The received result revealed that as the raw material ferruginous clay was used, and the chemical reaction to Fe of all fragments turned out to be positive. The original clay contains sand, besides this, sand feldspars, fragments of sandstones, silicified schists and epidote are noted in the sand composition. Three recipes of molding masses were revealed. The organics is stated in the form of silicified voids. The composition of organic matter showed carbonate-siliceous or carbonate-phosphate. The microreaction analysis using ammonium molybdenum (МоН4)2АmО4 determined the presence of a phosphate type in organic samples. From the organic fillers, a part of the studied samples revealed hollows of round and oval shape from the burnt organics. The study of the pottery of the settlement will be continued but it can be argued that the Toksanbay potters used local clay, and the most common impurity was organogenic limestone.
First palaeodietary isotopic data for the Tasmola culture population
Authors: Svyatko Svetlana Vladimirovna , Beisenov Arman Ziyadenovich
Published: December 2020

The article presents the first results of dietary isotopic analysis of the population of the Tasmola culture (8th-5th centuries BC) of Central Kazakhstan. Samples from 30 objects, including 27 human and 3 faunal bones were used for the analysis. Stable nitrogen (⁵N) and carbon (C) isotope analysis was carried out at the 14Chrono Centre for Climate, the Environment and Chronology, using standard methods of collagen preparation by an ultrafiltration method. The results for humans vary widely in both C and ⁵N. The variety of carbon isotope values in humans suggests that their diet included С₄ plants, apparently millet, which is specifically evident from four humans with the highest C ratios from the sites of Koitas, Taldy-2, Akbeit and Karashoky. This indicates the existence of millet in Central Kazakhstan in the form of a seed culture or an imported product at the beginning of the Iron Age. The data shows that millet was consumed in this period in certain sites of Central Kazakhstan, but not everywhere. For further conclusions, larger sample (including faunal) is needed.
Barrow with «moustache» Zhamahtas
Authors: Beisenov Arman Ziyadenovich , Duisenbay Daniyar Bolatbekovich , Svyatko Svetlana Vladimirovna
Published: December 2020

The monument consists of two parts burial construction with the diameter of about 14 m and ritual construction located on its east side with the diameter of 10 m from which two stone arches go to the east. The elements of the complex are badly damaged due to using the stones for building. There is a burial pit under the south construction with the dimensions 2,81,41,4 m, which contains disturbed human skeleton. The skeleton was put with his head to the west. There was found a bronze mirror with side handle near his hip bone. In the east construction a round pit with the diameter of 0,8, the depth of 0,4, was found, at the bottom of which there were poorly preserved fragments from the tubular bones of a animal. Horse teeth were revealed to the north of the pit, and 14 fragments of the stucco vessel lay on its eastern side. Two radiocarbon dates were obtained from bone samples from the western and eastern constructions in the laboratory of the Royal University of Belfast, Great Britain. Common intervals of the calibrated value showed that: human burial in the western structure VIIIV centuries BC, the bones of animals in the eastern structure IIIVI centuries AD. Thus, human burial relates to Tasmola culture, which does not contradict the mirror of the Early Saka image found in the grave. Bones of animals under the eastern structure, iprobably, were left during the Hun period.
Zoomorphic image from Ashutasty: artistic culture of the Saryarka ancient population
Authors: Bazarbayeva Galiya Appazovna , Jumabekova Gulnara Sainovna
Published: December 2020

The paper introduces into the scientific use a zoomorphic image revealed during the excavation of the kurgan no. 10 of the burial ground Ashutasty-1. The monument was researched by the expedition of the Institute of Archaeology named after A.Kh. Margulan which was under the guidance of the group of authors in 2015. The materials received due to the analysis of funeral ceremony features, as well as a type of the bronze tip date back to VIIVI centuries BC. Geographically the studied complex is located within the west wing of the vast historical and cultural region Saryarka stretching from Shyngystau in the east to Ulytau in the west. Delineated area coincides with the geographical location of the Tasmola cultural monuments, revealed and introduced by a well-known Kazakh archaeologist M.K. Kadyrbayev. The analyzed image of feline predator Ashutasty-1 have close analogies among the materials obtained during the excavation of the Saka time burials such as Akbeit, Baike-2, Karashoky, Taldy-2. The research works were conducted under the direction of A.Z. Beisenov. Pictorial monuments are known among the antiquities of the synchronous range monuments: Jetysu (Jalauly), Southern Aral area (Tagisken, Uigarak), Kazakh Altay (Tarasu), Southern Ural (Kichigino) and Tuva (Arjan-2, Kosh-Pey, Kuilug-Hem-1).
Russian cultural and historical tasks in the East in the views of S.N. Syromyatnikov
Authors: Suvorov Valery Vladimirovich
Published: December 2020

S.N. Syromyatnikov, whose views are commonly referred to as orientalism, repeatedly dwelled on historical tasks, the mission of Russia in the Far East. The most important direction of Russias foreign policy in this region was to become rapprochement with Asia, since by uniting with the Far Eastern countries, it could successfully resist Europe. China had to be at the center of Russias eastern policy, and Russias main task was to play the role of patroness and cultural counselor, protecting the eastern neighbor from European countries and Japan. The attitude towards the East and the understanding of Russias tasks in Asia was largely determined through the rejection of everything from the West. A special task was assigned to the Russian population of the eastern borderlands, in which S.N. Syromyatnikov saw a special potential for the development of Russia and strengthening of its position in Asia. The East was perceived by S.N. Syromyatnikov as a germ of a new Russia, to which he found a lot of evidence in the relationship between Russian and indigenous eastern peoples. Therefore, in S.N. Syromyatnikovs point of view, to ensure the historical future of Russia it was necessary to concentrate the main efforts in the East.
Structural and functional model of the future mathematics teacher’s professional competence formation
Authors: Zvereva Ekaterina Yakovlevna
Published: December 2020

In this paper the author considers a structural and functional model of the future mathematics teachers professional competence formation through the contextual tasks of the mathematical analysis in the implementation of competence and contextual approaches in the training of bachelors majoring in Pedagogical Education. The author analyses scientific and methodological literature on the competence approach and Model as the basic concept of this paper. In the research the main components of the future mathematics teachers professional competence formation process are defined: information and methodological, subject and methodical, social and communicative, personal and valeological competences, development of which occurs in the process of solving contextual tasks of the mathematical analysis, which are subdivided into subject, interdisciplinary, practical and professional. The unity of the structural (goal, methodology, content and organization of the process, result) and the functional components of the model (stages, criteria, indicators, levels of the future mathematics teacher professional competence formation) are described. In each structural component of the model, the content and determining moments are described in detail. The author comes to the conclusion that the developed model of the future mathematics teachers professional competence formation can be used to develop the professional competence of the future teacher of another direction.
Values of physical culture: structure, characteristics
Authors: Korovin Sergey Semenovich , Maloroshvilo Lilia Nailievna
Published: December 2020

Target development and justification of established theories, technologies, and structures of educational systems is the formation of cultural characteristics of the individual at all stages of continuous education, which reflects the mentality of society and the state (as a result) development of the value-oriented overbiological programs of human activities, knowledge, abilities and skills of their practical and creative use. It is very important to develop components (their characteristics) of the individual basic culture, which include moral, aesthetic, labor, civil, intellectual (cognitive) and physical cultures. Nowadays, the structure of physical culture values can be represented by a group of material (the human body, sports equipment, sports facilities, mass media, scientific equipment, environmental natural factors), spiritual (physical, intellectual, pedagogical, mobilization, intention) and artistic (a set of artistic images and works that reflects the values of the material and spiritual spheres of the society) values. The optimum ratio of the used physical culture values is believed to ensure the quality of the content of sports activity and as a consequence the development of culture among students.
Student Olympiad movement as a search tool and pedagogical work with gifted youth: principles, characteristics, experience
Authors: Repina Evgenia Gennadievna
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the principles of organization of the Olympiad student movement in the Russian Federation, the author describes the purpose of the student contests in higher educational institutions of the country. The considered problem is solved in the process of identifying gifted students and pedagogical work with talented youth. The author describes benefits of student participation in the Olympiad movement, both for students and for institutions of higher education. The paper contains advantages and disadvantages of conducting these activities. The emphasis is on the features of Russian student Olympiads in mathematics, namely in such a subject area as probability theory and mathematical statistics. The paper also contains experience accumulated by the Department of Mathematical Statistics and Econometrics for conducting the Russian student Olympiad on the basis of Samara State University of Economics. To train the Olympic team of the University a computer simulator developed by the teachers of the Department is used. This software which is a graphical multi-window interface allows teachers to interact with students. The computer program contains tasks of previous Russian student Olympiads of various levels.
Integrated English and Literature course in law schools sponsored by government agencies
Authors: Skobeleva Oksana Olegovna
Published: December 2020

This paper deals with the problem of improving linguistic and cultural skills of students by introducing integrated foreign language and literature classes into the educational process. The integration of cultures in the departmental law institutions is an important element in the training of specialists whose competence is largely determined by their professional skills as well as by the ability to use a foreign language in terms of establishing contacts with representatives of other cultures and the ability to work independently with scientific and practical documentation and literature, to conduct business correspondence and negotiations. The work outlines the basis for the development of an integrative course of English and literature and offers a series of sessions on interdisciplinary interactions. The conducted researches have shown that interdisciplinary connections in foreign language classes have a positive impact on the quality of the educational process: cadets horizons are expanding, motivational aspect of training is increasing, educational and research activity is becoming more active, moral education is formed, and communicative skills of trainees are developing. The obtained results testify to the need to develop such classes within any specialization and orientation, since integrated courses significantly expand cognitive and language skills of students.
Peculiarities of in vitro parthenogenesis of unpollinated maize ovaries
Authors: Alatortseva Tatyana Alekseevna
Published: December 2020

The maize line AT-1 is characterized by a hereditary predisposition to parthenogenesis. The aim of this investigation is to study parthenogenetic embryo development in the culture of unpollinated ovaries in vitro. The unpollinated ovaries were explanted in 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 15 days after the appearance of stigmas from ears. The nutrient medium included mineral components of MS, vitamins, sucrose (9,0%), 2,4-D (2,0 mg/l), agar-agar. The structure of megagametophytes at the time of inoculation of the ovaries and on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21th, 28th day of cultivation was studied. The first divisions of unfertilized egg cells were observed on the 5th7th day after appearance of stigmas from ears, independently from whether all this time the ovaries were on the mother plant or they were inoculated into the nutrient medium. The formation of the autonomous abnormal endosperm in some cultivated ovaries was detected. The abnormal endosperm disturbed normal development of the proembryo. As a rule, the ovaries with embryo and endosperm degenerated. In the absence of endosperm, the morphogenesis of parthenogenetic proembryos was carried out in one of two directions in vitro: 1) development of plants by direct embryogenesis; 2) regeneration of plants from numerous embryoids, raised on the surface of globular proembryos. The second direction was prevailed. The culture of unpollinated ovaries can be a promising method of mass haploid regenerants not only in maize, but also in other types of agricultural plants.
Bryophytes of the Krasnosamarsky forest
Authors: Bogdanova Yana Andreevna
Published: December 2020

51 species were identified from 2 departments (Marchantiophyta and Bryophyta), 4 classes (Haplomitriopsida, Jungermannopsida, Polytrichopsida, Bryopsida), 11 orders, 28 families and 39 genera during the long-term (from 2010 to 2012 and from 2015 to 2017) studies of bryophytes from the main types of plant communities in the Krasnosamarsky forest (Samara Region). Leading families (Pylaisiaceae, Brachytheciaceae, Amblystegiaceae, Dicranaceae, Orthotrichaceae, Bryaceae, Mniaceae) account for 56,9% of the total studied bryoflora in the forest. 46 species (90,2%) were found in forest communities, 36 species (70,6%) in deciduous forests and 25 (49%) in coniferous (pine and spruce), 9,8% bryoflora noted at the meadow and steppe sites. 32 species (62,7%) of bryophytes grow on the soil, 24 species (47,1%) on the bark of trees, 18 species (35,3%) on decaying wood and 3 species (5,9%) on anthropogenic substrate. Ecomorphic analysis showed that mesophytes (37,3%) and mesotrophs (35,3%) prevail in the Krasnosamarsky forest. Geographic analysis showed that 41,4% of bryophytes refer to boreal flora.
Ecological features and species diversity of epiphytic myxomycetes (Myxomycetes) on an ordinary pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the forest-steppe and steppe zones of the southeast of Western Siberia
Authors: Vlasenko Anastasiya Vladimirovna , Vlasenko Vyacheslav Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The species diversity and taxonomic structure of myxomycetes of the epiphytic-corticoid complex has been studied in pine forests on the Pinus sylvestris. The study area is located in the Asian part of Russia, in the southeast of the West Siberian Plain. Species diversity has been revealed using the classical method of moist-chambers, based on the presence in the life cycle of mucus staggering stages microcysts and sclerotia, from which, under certain favorable conditions, plasmodium and, later, fruit bodies sporocarpas may appear in the Petri dish. We selected 720 packages for the installation of moist-chambers between 2008 and 2016 in the study area. The experiments with moist-chambers were performed between 2008 and 2017. We received 361 samples of the myxomycetes. A sample is a colony of sporocarpas derived from a single plasmodium. As a result of taxonomic identification we received 28 species of Myxomycetes belonging to 5 orders, 7 families, and 13 genera on the pine bark. It is noted that 6 species of Myxomycetes develop on the pine bark, absent in the area of the study on the bark of other tree species Echinostelium fragile, Paradiacheopsis rigida, Physarum auriscalpium, Ph. mutabile, Stemonaria nannengae, Willkommlangea reticulata.
Ecological characteristics of edificators and assectators of the southern taiga forests of the Chelyabinsk Region
Authors: Getmanets Irina Anatolievna , Moskvina Irina Valerievna , Artemenko Boris Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The following paper deals with the phytoindication of ecotopes of spruce forests on the western slope of Mount Lipovaya within the territory of the Kusinsky District. This phytoindication was made on the basis of D.N. Tsyganovs ecological scales and with the help of EcoScaleWin computer software. The cenotic properties of species are estimated by their abundance in typical communities; limiting factors, ecological valence and tolerance are determined; the degree of use of ecological potencies and the efficiency of development of ecological space are estimated and the aggregate parameters of habitats are described. The vertical structure and composition of spruce stands are estimated, it is shown that Picea obovata is noted in all tiers, where Betula pendula and Pinus sylvestris are also present, but their numbers range from 1020% of the total number of individuals in the study area. The unevenness of the distribution of the stand is noted. The ratio of the species of eco-and-coenotic groups is analyzed and it is shown that in the communities the species of the boreal and boron groups are predominated, the nemoral and meadow (including tall grass) groups contribute significantly, a small percentage belongs to the non-forest group species (wetland and plurizonal). Biomorphological analysis revealed that the life form is stable, it is represented by a single-stem tree with different shape of the crown, which indicates the different ages of Siberian spruce. The investigated phytocenosis is attributed to the late succession communities, the late stage of restorative succession, because the dominant is a typically competitive species. The research materials can serve as a basis for plant communities and coenotic populations monitoring, for identifying of the potential species richness of phytocenoses.
The flora peculiarities of the Melekess-Stavropol physiographic region
Authors: Ivanova Anastasiya Victorovna , Kostina Natalia Victorovna , Lysenko Tatyana Mikhajlovna , Kozlovskaya Olga Victorovna
Published: December 2020

We publish the results of a three-stage study of the floristic heterogeneity of the Melekess-Stavropol physiographic region located on the territory of the Samara and Ulyanovsk Regions. The area belongs to the forest-steppe zone of the Trans Volga Lowland and occupies the area of 7,7 thousand km. Based on the analysis of family spectra, originality of the flora of the region we show the comparison of Soksky and Irgiz physiographic regions of the Samara Trans Volga. At the first stage of the research we consider the internal heterogeneity of the region, changes in the species composition of the flora along a two-sided latitudinal gradient. For this, the course of the curve, reflecting the accumulation of the number of species with an increase in area, has been studied. The accumulation curves of the number of species aligned in both directions showed three stages of an increase in the number of species, indicating the species heterogeneity of the area. The study of the position of the leading families, depending on the size and geographical position of the floristic sample, shows the heterogeneity of the studied Melekess-Stavropol region by the flora type, which is determined by the third term of the first triple of the family spectrum. At the second stage, four floral groups (floristic samples) are analyzed, which are geographically isolated at the first step. A comparison is made of the isolated groupings at the head of the family spectra using the fraction of the family in the flora and the number of species in the family. The third stage includes a comparison of the selected floral groups of the Melekess-Stavropol physio-geographical region according to the Preston index. Taking into account the existing numerical threshold of 0,27, above which the samples should be considered as different floras, it is possible to speak of the presence of four different floras on the territory of the studied area.
Assessment of deciduous trees state and phyllophagous composition in Yoshkar-Ola
Authors: Turmuhametova Nina Valeryevna
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the results of long-term observations of the state of plantations of Betula pendula Roth and Tilia cordata Mill. in Yoshkar-Ola. Assessment of trees state was carried out by morphological analysis of the leaf blade, since the plants assimilation organs are most exposed to atmospheric toxicants, attacks of insects and pathogenic microorganisms. Based on the assumption that pollutants affect directly phytophages or through the forage resource, the species composition of the phyllophagous insects and mites was studied in the gradient of the increase in industrial transport emissions. Morphological changes in leaves and an increase in the area of damage in the pollution gradient are described. In this case, the area of the leaf blade can both increase in B. pendula, and decrease in T. cordata. Determination of the arachnoentomological material and the establishment of herbivorous insects and mites for characteristic lesions made it possible to describe in the crowns of B. pendula 84 dendrobiotic species, T. cordata 100 species. Among the phyllophagous there are gnawing and sucking leaves, miners and gall producers. The representatives of Coleoptera predominate. Under environmental conditions, the proportion of arthropods that are monophages and form protective devices increases. Under the conditions of the urban ecosystem, a decrease in the variety of phyllophages was revealed, but an increase in the relative abundance of the most protected species Aphidoidae (Homoptera), Cecidomyiidae (Diptera), Eriophyidae (Acarina). The calculation of the number of insects per unit volume of the crown was carried out. As a bioindicative indicator of the quality of habitat, it is suggested to use the state of tree leaves, the diversity and relative abundance of insects and mites of phyllophages.
Larvae of Ephemeroptera group as bioindicators of water quality of the South Ural rivers
Authors: Chaus Boris Yuryevich
Published: December 2020

The paper contains the analysis of a possibility to use green drakes larvae of Ephemeroptera group for bioindicator researches during environmental monitoring of the South Ural rivers. Collection and analysis of types constancy of green drakes larvae was carried out in 2005 to 2016 in 17 state water posts on the territory of the South Ural rivers. As chemical characteristics the author used the index of content of compounds of manganese, nickel and iron, oil products, phenols, nitrogen ammonium, coppers, zinc, chemical oxygen consumption (COC), biological oxygen consumption in 5 days (BOC₅), sulfates, chlorides, nitrite nitrogen in river waters. In total constancy dynamics of 13 species larvae of mayflies was analyzed. The author has made a list of constant, additive and casual types of representatives of Ephemeroptera group. Significant correlative dependences between constancy of larvae of species of mayflies with a number of hydrochemical indexes are revealed statistically. The paper contains regression models for the constancy forecast of larvae of green drakes depending on concentration of the pollutant.
Modeling of fungal mycelium growth by fourth-class continuous stochastic cellular automaton with continuously defined growth conditions
Authors: Shumilov Anatoliy Sergeevich , Blagodatsky Sergey Alexandrovich
Published: December 2020

The aim of this work was to simulate the growth and spatial structure of the fungal mycelium using a cellular automaton based on the synthesis of various model approaches. The spatial structure of the mycelium is described in the structural submodel of the cellular automaton, which determines the growth rate in the direction of larger resource amount and the number of branches of the mycelium per area unit. The amount of available substrate determines the probability of unidirectional apical growth. Another, biochemical part of the model allows us to describe the rate of transport of resources into the cell, their transport within the mycelium, and also their excretion, and is intended to describe the vertical and horizontal migration in the soil of two nutrients. The proposed model makes it possible to quantitatively describe such a feature of fungal colony growth as more active absorption of resources by external cells, compared to central ones due to separation of transport resources into active and passive resources. The active transport was described using the Michaelis-Menten kinetics. We were able to simulate the stockpiling of surplus resources and their redistribution over the mycelium after the exhaustion of reserves in the external environment, and also to simulate typical growth patterns of mycelial colonies that were observed in experiments published in the literature.
The orderly protégés of Sigismund III under the new tsar M.F. Romanov
Authors: Rybalko Natalia Vladimirovna , Ivina Anastasia Viktorovna
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the key issue of the system management of the transition period from the time of the Interregnum of Moscow State to the formation of the government of the new sovereign, Mikhail Romanov. Biographies of deacons and scribes of the closing period of Troubles are restored according to individual mentions, mainly in the act material and documents of official records management. Using the method of prosopography, the authors have systematized biographical information of individuals and analyzed collective portrait of employees, which allowed to reveal the general state policy in relation to the managers of higher and middle level of the central administrative apparatus. As a result of the study, it was possible to establish that 36 from 73 persons, fixed in the service in the boyar government of Moscow and under Sigismund III continued to work in the new government of Mikhail Romanov. From the 9 Duma clerks 3 people, from 37 clerks 22 people, from 27 junior employees at Mikhail Romanov 11 people. The removal touched, mainly, the Duma clerks. Most of middle-level employees like professional managers were not suspended from work for political reasons, which correlates with the general trend of the Trouble Time at the beginning of the 17 century. 60% of middle-level employees of Boyar government, which previously supported the power of Sigismund III, continued their work in the new government of Mikhail Romanov.
The Russian Theater in Berlin (1919-1923): the Experience of Cultural Exports
Authors: Popov Maxim Evgenievich
Published: December 2020

The paper is devoted to the consideration of Russian theatrical activity in Berlin during 19191923, when Berlin was the focus of Russian theater life abroad, and active creative exchange between German and Russian cultures took place in this connection. The problem of exporting Russian art culture to Western countries is of interest for both domestic and foreign researchers. Among the topical problems on this issue, the Russian theater plays an important role. The study of this issue gives an idea of the potential of Russian culture in a different social and cultural environment. In the center of the research is the process of formation and development of Russian theatrical life in the German cultural environment. The author made an attempt to identify and disclose the main artistic directions of the Russian theater in Berlin in 19191923 and determine their role in bringing Germany to the achievements of national culture. The work uses materials from the memoirs of contemporaries and periodicals. On the basis of these sources it is shown that the theater played one of the fundamental roles in preserving the Russian cultural community and their cultural appearance on the overseas. Russian theatrical seasons contributed to the Wests involvement in the achievements of Russian culture and the establishment of cultural and artistic ties between Germany and Soviet Russia. Thus, the activities of the Russian migr and touring Russian theater in Berlin in 19191923 reflected the high potential of Russian culture in the conditions of a foreign social environment.