bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forming Of Spherical Titanium Cups From Circular Blanks With Cutouts On The Perimeter
Authors: Lacki P. , Adamus J. , Więckowski W. , Winowiecka J.
Published: August 2015

Despite substantial demand for drawn parts made of high-strength sheet metal (including titanium alloys) observed in the modern industry, particularly automotive and aviation, their application remains insignificant. This results from the fact that such sheet metal shows poor plasticity and its cold-forming is almost impossible. Low drawability makes it impossible to obtain even such simple shapes as spherical cups. The authors of this study developed circular sheet-metal blanks with cutouts on their perimeter. The blanks allow for cold forming of spherical cups from Ti6Al4V titanium alloy sheet metal using conventional rigid tools. The cutouts proposed in the study affect plastic strain distribution, which in turn leads to an increase in forming depth by about 30%. The numerical analysis, performed using the PamStamp 2G System software based on finite element method, was verified experimentally.
Effect Of Natural Convection On Directional Solidification Of Pure Metal
Authors: Skrzypczak T. , Węgrzyn-Skrzypczak E. , Winczek J.
Published: August 2015

The paper is focused on the modeling of the directional solidification process of pure metal. During the process the solidification front is sharp in the shape of the surface separating liquid from solid in three dimensional space or a curve in 2D. The position and shape of the solid-liquid interface change according to time. The local velocity of the interface depends on the values of heat fluxes on the solid and liquid sides. Sharp interface solidification belongs to the phase transition problems which occur due to temperature changes, pressure, etc. Transition from one state to another is discontinuous from the mathematical point of view. Such process can be identified during water freezing, evaporation, melting and solidification of metals and alloys, etc.

The influence of natural convection on the temperature distribution and the solid-liquid interface motion during solidification of pure copper is studied. The mathematical model of the process is based on the differential equations of heat transfer with convection, Navier-Stokes equation and the motion of the interface. This system of equations is supplemented by the appropriate initial and boundary conditions. In addition the continuity conditions at the solidification interface must be properly formulated. The solution involves the determination of the temporary temperature and velocity fields and the position of the interface. Typically, it is impossible to obtain the exact solution of such problem. The numerical model of solidification of pure copper in a closed cavity is presented, the influence of the natural convection on the phase change is investigated. Mathematical formulation of the problem is based on the Stefan problem with moving internal boundaries. The equations are spatially discretized with the use of fixed grid by means of the Finite Element Method (FEM). Front advancing technique uses the Level Set Method (LSM). Chorin’s projection method is used to solve Navier-Stokes equation. Such approach makes possible to uncouple velocities and pressure. The Petrov-Galerkin formulation is employed to stabilize numerical solutions of the equations. The results of numerical simulations in the 2D region are discussed and compared to the results obtained from the simulation where movement of the liquid phase was neglected.
An Analysis Of The Industrial Forging Process Of Flange In Order To Reduce The Weight Of The Input Material
Authors: Gronostajski Z. , Hawryluk M. , Kaszuba M. , Misiun G. , Niechajowicz A. , Polak S. , Pawełczyk M.
Published: August 2015

This paper presents an analysis of the industrial process of hot forging a flange. The authors developed several thermomechanical models of the forging process for which they carried out computer simulations using the MSC.Marc 2013 software. In the Jawor Forge flanges with a neck are manufactured by hot forging in crank presses with a maximum load of 25 MN. The input material, in the form of a square bar, is heated up to a temperature of 1150°C and then formed in three operations: upsetting, preliminary die forging and finishing die forging. The main aim of the studies and the numerical analyses, in which the geometry of the tools would be modified, was to maximally reduce the amount of the input material taking into account the capabilities of the Jawor Forge, and consequently to significantly reduce the production costs. Besides the Forge’s equipment resources, the main constraint for modifications was the flange-with-neck forging standard which explicitely defines the tolerances for this element. The studies, which included numerical modelling, infrared measurements and technological tests, consisted in changing the geometry of the tools and that of the forging preform. As a result, the optimum direction for modifications aimed at reducing the mass of the input material was determined. The best of the solutions, making it possible to produce a correct forging in the Jawor Forge operating conditions, were adopted whereby the weight of the preform was reduced by 6.11%. Currently research is underway aimed at the application of the proposed and verified modifications to other flange forgings.
Processing And Properties Of MAX Phases – Based Materials Using SHS Technique
Authors: Chlubny L. , Lis J. , Chabior K. , Chachlowska P. , Kapusta C.
Published: August 2015

Authors present results of works on the interesting new group of advanced ceramics called MAX phases – Ti-based ternary carbides and nitrides. They have an original layered structure involved highly anisotropic properties laying between ceramics and metals, with high elastic modulus, low hardness, very high fracture toughness and high electrical and heat conductivity. Using Self-Propagating High-Temperature Synthesis (SHS) in the combustion regime it is possible to prepare MAX phases-rich powders that can be used as the precursors for preparation of dense MAX polycrystals by presureless sintering or hot-pressing. Different novel Ti-based phases with layered structures, namely: Ti3AlC2 and Ti2AlC have been synthesized in a combustion regime. The possibility of controlling of combustion phenomena for obtaining near single-phase products is discussed in details as well as some of properties of the materials tested as structure and functional ceramics.
Effects Of T6 Heat Treatment With Double Solution Treatment On Microstructure, Hardness And Corrosion Resistance Of Cast Al-Si-Cu Alloy
Authors: Wiengmoon A. , Sukchot P. , Tareelap N. , Pearce J.T.H. , Chairuangsri T.
Published: August 2015

Effects of T6 heat treatment with double solution treatment on microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance of a cast A319 (Al-4.93wt%Si-3.47wt%Cu) alloy were investigated. The T6 heat treatment comprised of the first solution treatment at 500±5°C for 8 h, the second solution treatment in the temperature range of 510 to 530±5°C for 2 h followed by water quenching (80°C), and artificial aging at 170°C for 24 h followed by water quenching (80°C). Microstructure of the alloy was studied by optical microscopy and electron microscopy, Rockwell hardness was measured, and corrosion resistance in 0.1 M NaCl aqueous solution was determined by a potentiodynamic technique. The results revealed that the T6 heat treatment with double solution treatment led to an improvement in corrosion resistance and comparable macrohardness as compared to those obtained from the case of single solution treatment. The second solution treatment at 520°C is the optimum leading to relatively low corrosion current density without substantial drawbacks on breakdown potential or the width of passive range.
Fabrication Of YSZ Thin Film By Electrochemical Deposition Method And The Effect Of The Pulsed Electrical Fields For Morphology Control
Authors: Fujita T. , Saiki A. , Hashizume T.
Published: August 2015

In this study, surface morphology control ions in a precursor solution and patterning the YSZ film has been carried out during deposition of thin film from a precursor solution by applying the electrical field for deposition and the pulsed electrical field. The precursor solution was mixed them of ZrO(NO3)4, Y(NO3)3-6H2O into deionized water, and then was controlled nearly pH3 by adding NH3(aq). The thin film was deposited on the glass substrate of the minus electrode side by applying the electrical field of 3.0 V for 20 min. In addition, another pulsed voltage was applied to the electrical field along the perdicular direction to the film deposition direction. After annealing samples at 773 K for 6 h in air, the film was crystallized and obtained YSZ film. In the limited condition, the linear patterns of YSZ films due to the frequency of the applied electrical field were observed. It is expected that ions in a precursor solution are controlled by applying the pulsed voltage and the YSZ film is patterned on the substrate.
Synthesis Of Fe Doped LiMn2O4 Cathode Materials For Li Battery By Solid State Reaction
Authors: Horata N. , Hashizume T. , Saiki A.
Published: August 2015

LiFe0.1Mn1.9O4 is expected as a cathode material for the rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. LiMn2O4 has been received attention because this has advantages such as low cost and low toxicity compared with other cathode materials of LiCoO2 and LiNiO2. However, LiMn2O4 has some problems such as small capacity and no long life. LiMn2O4 is phase transformation at around human life temperature. One of the methods to overcome this problem is to stabilize the spinel structure by substituting Mn site ion in LiMn2O4 with transition metals (Al, Mg, Ti, Ni, Fe, etc.). LiFe0.1Mn1.9O4 spinel was synthesized from Li2CO3, Fe2O3 and MnO2 powder. The purpose of this study is to report the optimal condition of Fe doped LiFe0.1Mn1.9O4. Li2CO3, Fe2O3, and MnO2 mixture powder was heated up to 1173 K by TG-DTA. Li2CO3 was thermal decomposed, and CO2 gas evolved, and formed Li2O at about 800 K. LiFe0.1Mn1.9O4 was synthesized from a consecutive reaction Li2O, Fe2O3 and MnO2 at 723 ~ 1023 K. Active energy is calculated to 178 kJmol−1 at 723 ~ 1023 K. The X-ray powder diffraction pattern of the LiFe0.1Mn1.9O4 heated mixture powder at 1023 K for 32 h in air flow was observed.
Mechanical Properties And Microstructure Of AlN/SiCN Nanocomposite Coatings Prepared By R.F.-Reactive Sputtering Method
Authors: Nakafushi Y. , Matsuda K. , Nose M.
Published: August 2015

FIn this work, AlN/SiCN composite coatings were deposited by r.f.-reactive sputtering method using a facing target-type sputtering (FTS) apparatus with composite targets consisting of Al plate and SiC chips in a gaseous mixture of Ar and N2, and investigated their mechanical properties and microstructure. The indentation hardness (HIT) of AlN/SiCN coatings prepared from composite targets consisting of 8 ~32 chips of SiC and Al plate showed the maximum value of about 29~32 GPa at a proper nitrogen gas flow rate. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns for the AlN/SiCN composite coatings indicated the presence of the only peeks of hexagonal (B4) structured AlN phase. AlN coatings clarified the columnar structure of the cross sectional view TEM observation. On the other hand, microstructure of AlN/SiCN composite coatings changed from columnar to equiaxed structure with increasing SiCN content. HR-TEM observation clarified that the composite coatings consisted of very fine equiaxial grains of B4 structured AlN phase and amorphous phase.
The Influence Of The Way Of Alumina Addition On Properties Improvement Of 3YSZ Material
Authors: Drożdż E. , Jelonek M. , Wyrwa J. , Rękas M.
Published: August 2015

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the best known ceramic-oxide material employed as a component of either solid electrolyte or anode cermet material for intermediate solid oxide fuel cell (IT - SOFC). The properties of traditionally produced (by mechanical mixing of oxides) Al2O3/3YSZ composite with the same composition materials obtained by citrate and impregnation methods and with properties of pure tetragonal zirconia (3YSZ) were compared. The materials were characterised by X-ray diffraction, SEM observations with EDX analysis, density and impedance spectroscopy measurements. The results shown that Al2O3/3YSZ composites reveals higher conductivity than pure 3YSZ and that addition of alumina (regardless of methods) improve electric properties of resulting materials. Taking into account application of this materials as anode in IT-SOFC the determined values of energy activation of conductivity and microstructural properties of composites show that materials obtained by citric method are the most promising.
Corrosion Resistance Of Electroless Ni-P/Cu/Ni-P Multilayer Coatings
Authors: Zhao G.L. , Zou Y. , Hao Y.L. , Zou Z.D.
Published: August 2015

Ni-P/Cu/Ni-P multilayer coatings were prepared by deposition of Cu layer between two Ni–P layers. The Cu layer was deposited by metal displacement reaction between Cu2+ and Fe atoms. Corrosion behavior of single-layer Ni-P coatings, double-layer Ni-P/Cu coatings, and three-layer Ni-P/Cu/Ni-P coatings were investigated by electrochemical tests in 3.5% NaCl solution. The three-layer coatings exhibited more positive Ecorr and decreased Icorr compared with conventional single-layer Ni-P coatings, which indicated an improved corrosion resistance. The polarization curves of the three-layer coatings were characterized by two passive regions. The improved corrosion resistance was not only attributed to the function of the blocked pores of Cu. The Cu interlayer also acted as a sacrificial layer instead of a barrier in the coatings, which altered the corrosion mechanism and further improved the corrosion resistance of the coatings.
The MWCNTs-Rh Nanocomposite Obtained By The New High-Temperature Method
Authors: Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A.D. , Cichocki D. , Łukowiec D.
Published: August 2015

A nanocomposite was fabricated during the research undertaken, consisting of multiwalled carbon nanotubes coated with rhodium nanoparticles by the new high-temperature method being the subject of the patent claim. High quality multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with the length of 100÷500 nm and the diameter of 8÷20 nm obtained in advance with Catalytic Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) were employed in the investigations. The nanotubes manufactured under the own research contain small amounts of metallic impurities and amorphous carbon deposits. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalisation in acids was applied to deposit rhodium nanoparticles onto the surface of carbon nanotubes, and then the material was placed in a solution being a precursor of rhodium nanoparticles. The material prepared was next placed in a quartz vessel and subjected to high-temperature reduction in the atmosphere of argon to deposit rhodium nanoparticles onto the surface of multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The following examinations were performed, respectively: MWCNTs fabrication, fabrication of a CNT-NPs (Carbon NanoTube-NanoParticles) nanocomposite material; the characterisation of the materials produced including examination of the structure and morphology, and the assessment of rhodium nanoparticles distribution on the surface of carbon nanotubes. Micro- and spectroscopy techniques were employed to characterise the structure of the nanocomposites obtained.
Fabrication Of Scaffolds From Ti6Al4V Powders Using The Computer Aided Laser Method
Authors: Dobrzański L.A. , Dobrzańska-Danikiewicz A.D. , Malara P. , Gaweł T.G. , Dobrzański L.B. , Achtelik-Franczak A.
Published: August 2015

The aim of the research, the results of which are presented in the paper, is to fabricate, by Selective Laser Melting (SLM), a metallic scaffold with Ti6Al4V powder based on a virtual model corresponding to the actual loss of a patient’s craniofacial bone. A plaster cast was made for a patient with a palate recess, and the cast was then scanned with a 3D scanner to create a virtual 3D model of a palate recess, according to which a 3D model of a solid implant was created using specialist software. The virtual 3D solid implant model was converted into a 3D porous implant model after designing an individual shape of the unit cell conditioning the size and three-dimensional shape of the scaffold pores by multiplication of unit cells. The data concerning a virtual 3D porous implant model was transferred into a selective laser melting (SLM) device and a metallic scaffold was produced from Ti6Al4V powder with this machine, which was subjected to surface treatment by chemical etching. An object with certain initially adopted assumptions, i.e. shape and geometric dimensions, was finally achieved, which perfectly matches the patient bone recesses. The scaffold created was subjected to micro-and spectroscopic examinations.
Application Of Active Screen Method For Ion Nitriding Efficiency Improvement
Authors: Ogórek M. , Frączek T. , Skuza Z.
Published: August 2015

Paper presents the research of austenitic steel AISI 304 after ion nitriding at 400°C and at t =4h, for the two different variants of samples distribution in the working plasma reactive chamber tube. In order to assess the effectiveness of ion nitriding variants emission spectroscopy – GDOES, surface hardness tests, microstructure research (LM) of nitrided layers were made. It has been found that the use of active screens increases the surface layer thickness and depth of nitrogen diffusion into austenitic steel 304.
Hot Deformation Of 6xxx Series Aluminium Alloys
Authors: Mrówka-Nowotnik G. , Sieniawski J. , Kotowski S. , Nowotnik A. , Motyka M.
Published: August 2015

The hot deformation behavior of the 6xxx aluminum alloys was investigated by compression tests in the temperature range 100°C-375°C and strain rate range 10−4s−1 and 4×10−4s−1 using dilatometer DIL 805 BÄHR Thermoanalyse equipped with accessory attachment deformation allows the process to execute thermoplastic in vacuum and inert gas atmosphere. Associated microstructural changes of characteristic states of examined alloys were studied by using the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the stress level decreases with increasing deformation temperature and deformation rate. And was also found that the activation energy Q strongly depends on both, the temperature and rate of deformation. The results of TEM observation showing that the dynamic flow softening is mainly as the result of dynamic recovery and recrystallization of 6xxx aluminium alloys.
Applications Of Mechanical Spectroscopy To Industrial Materials
Authors: Schaller R.
Published: August 2015

The paper is a review of original results, which were obtained by mechanical spectroscopy in the development of industrial materials, such as grey cast iron (damping capacity), aluminum alloys (recrystallization), nickel alloys (grain boundary embrittlement) and gold alloys (hardening mechanisms). Moreover it is shown that the study of grain boundary sliding at high temperature has led to the development of new grades of zirconia exhibiting a high toughness and a good resistance to creep. It is also recalled that mechanical spectroscopy has been a mandatory technique in the development of light metallic materials, which exhibit simultaneously good mechanical properties and a high damping capacity, and are consequently well suited to transport means.
Model Research On Synthesis Of Al2O3-C Layers By MOCVD
Authors: Sawka A. , Kwatera A.
Published: August 2015

These are model studies whose aim is to obtain information that would allow development of new technology for synthesizing monolayers of Al2O3-C with adjusted microstructure on cemented carbides. The Al2O3-C layer will constitute an intermediate layer on which the outer layer of Al2O3 without carbon is synthesized. The purpose of the intermediate layer is to block the cobalt diffusion to the synthesized outer layer of Al2O3 and to stop the diffusion of air oxygen to the substrate during the synthesis of the outer layer. This layer should be thin, continuous, dense and uniform in thickness.

Al2O3-C layers were synthesized from aluminum acetylacetonate by the CVD method on quartz glass heated in an induction furnace in the temperature range 800-1000°C using argon as a carrier for the reactants. The layers were prepared also at low temperatures and were then subjected to crystallization at higher temperatures. The resulting layers prepared at temperatures above 900°C were nanocrystalline (including the α-Al2O3 phase). Due to the fact that crystallization can be controlled, we may have a greater influence on the structure and thus the properties of the layer compared to direct synthesis at high temperature.
Infiltration Behavior Of Mechanical Alloyed 75 wt% Cu-25 wt% WC Powders Into Porous WC Compacts
Authors: Şelte A. , Özkal B.
Published: August 2015

In this work infiltration behavior of mechanical alloyed 75 wt% Cu – 25 wt% WC powders into porous WC compacts were studied. Owing to their ductile nature, initial Cu powders were directly added to mechanical alloying batch. On the other hand initial WC powders were high energy milled prior to mechanical alloying. Contact infiltration method was selected for densification and compacts prepared from processed powders were infiltrated into porous WC bodies. After infiltration, samples were characterized via X-Ray diffraction studies and microstructural evaluation of the samples was carried out via scanning electron microscopy observations. Based on the lack of solubility between WC and Cu it was possible to keep fine WC particles in Cu melt since solution reprecipitation controlled densification is hindered. Also microstructural characterizations via scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the transport of fine WC fraction from infiltrant to porous WC skeleton can be carried out via Cu melt flow during infiltration.
European Colorectal Cancer Management: Implemented as it is or Adapted to our National Specificity
Authors: Dobre A , Hintea A , Azamfirei L
Published: August 2015

Objective: We attempt to evaluate how the European treatment guides are implemented in a clinic hospital in Targu Mures and if those rules could be adopted as they are or must be adapted to our national specificity.

Methods: For a number of 441 patients included in the study, the electronic prospectively maintained archive of 3rd Surgery was interrogated for: age, preoperative colonoscopy, postoperative colonoscopies, chemo-radiotherapy enrollment, stage of the disease, type of surgery. Local and regional relapses were assessed and their incidence was related to type of surgery. Survival analysis was done in a simplified manner and differentiated for age below and above 75 years.

Results: Patient’s age distribution revealed a deviation to the right compared with a normal distribution with a median off 64.76±11.47. Colonoscopy was done in only 65 cases, exclusive preoperatively. Chemoradiotherapy was administered in 168 cases, only 12 of them initiated preoperatively. The type of surgery performed was found positively correlate with the stage of the disease. The survival probability for the patients in this study showed a 50% survival rate at 1 year and only 2% at 5 years.

Conclusions: Passive screening age in CRC should be decreased to 55 years. Stage 3 and 4 of disease for CRC are over 70% of cases, like 20 years ago. Survival rate in CRC is far lower than other studies. Integrated CRC management and European practical guides are still “in wishing” stage.
Socio-demographic Characteristics of Patients Diagnosed with Advanced Chronic Venous Insufficiency (C4-C6) Correlated with Clinical and Para-clinical Findings
Authors: Reka Imre Eniko , Imre M
Published: August 2015

Chronic venous insufficiency’s frequency reaches almost 25% in European countries. The aim of this present study was to assess the correlation between sociodemographic characteristics as well as clinical findings and para-clinical findings of aCVI patients. A total number of 2636 patients diagnosed with CVI were evaluated for over an 8 year time period (2006-2013). In case of 795 of them, diagnosis of aCVI (C4-C6) has been established. The following variables have been evaluated: demographic data, etiology, risk factors, chronic diseases as risk factors, signs and symptoms, laboratory findings and even the therapeutic approach. All the assessed data has been evaluated using descriptive statistics, t-Student test, and chi square test. Also the relative risk (RR) and Odds ratio (OR) has been calculated. The mean age of aCVI patients was significantly higher (p=0.001) than the age of patients with stage C1-3 CVI. A positive correlation (p<0.0001) between combined venous disorders and clinical stage of CVI has been found. Deep vein thrombosis proved to be correlated (p=0.02) with evolution of CVI to venous ulcer (stage C6). Worsening of advanced venous insufficiency was also correlated with presence of peripheral arterial diseases, and/or metabolic diseases (p<0.0001, and p=0.02). Based on our results, the typical profile of a patient with aCVI has been outlined. Using this profile, the general practitioner and even the internal medicine specialist can recognize in advance patients with an elevated risk of developing aCVI, and accordingly can choose a more appropriate therapeutic approach.
Pancreatico-Gastric Anastomosis with and without Sutures – Experimental Swine Model
Authors: Tudor A , Molnar C , Copotoiu C , Butiurca VO , Nicolescu C , Bianca Tudor , Simona Gurzu
Published: August 2015

Objectives. The aim of our study is to identify a surgical technical that has the lowest rate of pancreatic fistulas in pancreatico-gastric anastomosis following duodenopancreatectomies. We studied pancreatico-gastric anastomosis performed with stitches compared to the ones performed without stitches.

Methods. Our experimental model is based on ten piglets, which were divided into 2 groups. In the first group (n=5) the pancreatico-gastric anastomosis was done using double purse-string threads one passed through the gastric seromuscular layer and one through the gastric mucosa. In the second group (n=5) the pancreatico-gastric anastomosis was performed using sutures through the stomach and pancreas.

Results. Postoperative amylasemia was higher in the second group. In the first group no pancreatico-gastric fistulas were observed, whereas pancreatic necrosis was observed only at a superficial level of the pancreatic stump. In the second group, two cases had developed fistulas, both bordered by large areas of coagulation necrosis accompanied by pancreatic duct hyperplasia. Duration of the anastomosis was shorter for the first group.

Conclusions. In conclusion, the pancreatico-gastric anastomosis performed using two purse-string suture is a feasible, safe and fast process.
The Effect of Sex on the Dressing Percentage, Carcass, and Organ Quality in the Fallow Deer (Dama Dama)
Authors: Stanisz Marek , Ludwiczak Agnieszka , Buda Przemysław , Pietrzak Marian , Bykowska Marta , Kryza Artur , Ślósarz Piotr
Published: August 2015

Basic carcass characteristics, the quality traits of meat and internal organs from 10 fallow deer bucks and 10 does aged from 31 to 32 months were investigated. No sex effects on the bled body weight, meat yield and carcass composition were found. A significantly higher weight of mesenteric and omental fat (by 0.44 kg) was found for does. The combined share of muscle and fat in the carcass parts ranged from 77.9 to 78.5%, and the share of bones from 21.5 to 22.1%. No sex effects were found for the pH and water holding capacity measurements. Venison from males was characterized by a significantly higher thermal drip value (P=0.043) and higher L* (P=0.026), a* (P=0.010) and b* (P=0.036) values compared to does. The extracted fat content was significantly higher for females compared to males (P=0.009). The chemical analysis of deer edible by-products indicated the highest level of protein for the liver (17%), and the highest level of dry matter and fat for the tongue (33-34% and 15-18%, respectively).
The Relation Between Intramuscular Fat Level in the Longissimus Muscle and the Quality of Pig Carcasses and Meat
Authors: Pietruszka Arkadiusz , Jacyno Eugenia , Kawęcka Maria , Biel Wioletta
Published: August 2015

This study evaluated the effect of intramuscular fat (IMF) content on the quality of pig carcass and meat. One hundred and twenty right half-carcasses of crossbred pigs (Pietrain × Duroc boars and Polish Large White × Polish Landrace sows) from a commercial farm were divided into two groups depending on the content of IMF in the longissimus muscle (LM): LIMF - lower content (mean 2.05% IMF; 28 gilts and 30 barrows) and HIMF - higher content (mean 3.08% IMF; 32 gilts and 30 barrows) were used. Pigs with a higher IMF content in LM (HIMF group) had a significantly lower (P≤0.01) percentage of lean meat in carcass, loin muscle area, level of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and PUFAs/SFAs ratio, whereas backfat thickness, content of cholesterol in LM, levels of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) were significantly greater (P≤0.01) than those in pigs with lower IMF content (LIMF group).
Fast-Growing Energy Crops Grown In Conditions Of Slovakia In The Context Of The EU Energy Policy
Authors: Jureková Zuzana , Kotrla Marián , Prčík Martin , Hauptvogl Martin , Pauková Žaneta
Published: August 2015

The energy-efficient low-carbon EU economy (known as the 20-20-20) sets fundamental objectives in reducing greenhouse gas emissions (20%), increasing the share of renewable energy sources (20%) and saving primary energy consumption (20%). The objectives are incorporated in the National Renewable Energy Action Plans (NREAPs). Slovakia has to increase the share of renewable energy sources (RES) by 14% in its energy mix by 2020. Currently, the most widely used RES are water and solar energy, biomass and biogas. Our country has suitable ecological conditions for growing the so called energy crops in lowland and upland areas. So far, however, there is a lack of science-based information on the potential production of biomass in different soil-ecological and climatic conditions of the Slovak Republic. Our experimental research is focused on quantification of biomass production of various willow (genus Salix), poplar (genus Populus) and silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis) varieties grown in ecological conditions of southern Slovakia. We evaluated the biomass production of the studied crops. The results were evaluated in terms of the EU call (2013): to obtain more energy while reducing inputs and negative environmental impacts.
Social Aspects Of Rural Community Development
Authors: Majerová Věra
Published: August 2015

A well-balanced relationship between economic and social progress is the main prerequisite of rural community stability. Economic development is influenced by many factors. Some of these are statistically discoverable and quantifiable, while others, which fall within the sphere of social relations and their identification, are more difficult to measure and interpret. Czech rural areas face many problems which arise from their specific features – socio-demographic structure, job possibility of various social groups, provision of the proper level of public services, transport accessibility, etc. However, there is no direct connection between economic factors and mutual relations within the rural community. Values, opinions and the behavioural patterns of people are immediately displayed in a locality, but their character is shaped by the regional and national assumptions of every stage of development. Contributions are drawn from the accessible literature and secondary data of empirical research projects.
Socio-Economic Importance Of Associated Plant Species In Short Rotation Coppice Plantations
Authors: Beniak Michal , Žabka Michal
Published: August 2015

Many ecosystem services do not pass through markets. Therefore, the benefits which ecosystems provide to society are largely unrecorded. Fast-growing woody crops represent a quite new and still insufficiently explored ecosystem of agricultural land which has a potential to provide several utility functions. It may contribute to satisfaction of human needs and may enhance regional health. The goal of this paper was to detect the socio-economic importance of associated spontaneous vegetation in plantations of the energy crops (hybrids of the genera Salix) and to compare it with the socio-economic importance of adjacent permanently cultivated agricultural field. There was examined the therapeutic, melliferous, feed, allergenic and toxic potential of undergrowth for each experimental plot inside the SRC plantations. The research was carried out on the agricultural land formerly used for growing cereals and root crops – the research base Kolíňany. Our results showed that energy plantation understoreys can be assumed to be the better option for contribution to the total socio-economic value of a region than agricultural fields.
Obesity and fertility
Authors: Best Damian , Bhattacharya Siladitya
Published: August 2015

The prevalence of overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age has increased over the past 30 years. Infertility affects 1 in 7 couples, and female obesity is associated with anovulation. The mechanisms by which excessive fat delays time to pregnancy (TTP) appear rooted in ovulatory problems and direct effects on oocytes, causing poorer embryo development, as well as in effects on the endometrium. Weight loss in women has been shown to improve conception, but not necessarily live birth rates following fertility treatment, and further research in this area is needed. The obesity epidemic has been accompanied by a potential rise in male infertility, which has been attributed to hormonal disturbances and compromised semen parameters.
Preparation of Nano-curcumin with Enhanced Dissolution Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Supercritical Anti-solvent Technique
Authors: Zabihi Fatemeh , Xin Na , Jia Jingfu , Cheng Tao , Zhao Yaping
Published: August 2015

Curcumin is the main gradient of “Turmeric” a famous Indian spice and food additive. The marvelous nutritional and medicinal effects of curcumin made it a good alternative to some conventional drugs and food flavoring or coloring materials. However, the low solubility of curcumin is a challenging hindrance which should be seriously addressed. In this work, we prepared nano-curcumin with enhanced aqueous dispersion and dissolution rate. Ultrasonic-assisted supercritical anti-solvent (UA-SAS) technique was used to convert the commercial curcumin to uniform distributed nano-particles with the average size of 20 nm and yielding of 65%. The effect of process parameters including pressure, temperature, solution flow rate, and nature of organic solvent on the average particle size and yielding of products was investigated. The morphology, size, and crystalline pattern of processed curcumin particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, mean particle size analyzer, and X-ray diffraction. The champion specimen was achieved when the supercritical fluid was employed at 16 MPa and 35°C. Aqueous suspension of processed nano-curcumin can be stable for more than 2 months. In vitro dissolution experiments showed a remarkable enhancement in dissolution rate of UA-SAS-treated curcumin respecting to the commercial curcumin powder.
Informationswissenschaft als Hochschulstudium – bereit für die Zukunft in Gesellschaft, Industrie und Wissenschaft
Authors: Siegel Melanie
Published: August 2015

Die Fachrichtung Informationswissenschaft ist mit we­nigen Worten nicht zu erklären. Diese vermeintliche Schwäche ist im Grunde jedoch eine Stärke: Die Stu­dierenden bekommen eine solide Grundlagenausbildung mit technologischem Fokus und sind vielfältig einsetzbar. Das Fach selbst kann und muss regelmäßig seine ­Inhalte überarbeiten und an die Erfordernisse aus Gesellschaft und Arbeitswelt anpassen. Neben den Grundlagen stehen innovative forschungs­orientierte und projektbasierte Lehrinhalte.
Bitte nicht stören – Zur Vorhersage des Workloads von Autofahrern unter Verwendung von Smartphone-Sensordaten
Authors: Ohm Christina
Published: August 2015

Immer häufiger werden Informationssysteme beim Fahren eingesetzt. Diese dienen dazu dem Fahrer zu assis­tieren, können jedoch auch eine Quelle kognitiver Be­lastung darstellen. Aus diesem Grund wurde eine Nutzerstudie durchgeführt, die es ermöglichen soll, Fahrerassistenzsysteme anzupassen, sodass die Fahraufgabe optimal bewältigt werden kann. Zu diesem Zweck wurden Smartphone-Sensordaten, situative Faktoren sowie Nutzereigenschaften erhoben und untersucht. Die Ergebnisse der Nutzerstudie zeigen auf, dass die Fahrsituation, das Geschlecht sowie die Fahrhäufigkeit einen signifikanten Einfluss auf den Workload haben. Werden diese Daten zusätzlich zu den Smartphone-Sensordaten verwendet, um den Workload vorherzusagen, kann dieser unter Verwendung eines Entscheidungsbaumes mit bis zu 86 Prozent Genauigkeit vorhergesagt werden.
Forschungsdatenmanagement und Informationskompetenz – Neue Entwicklungen an Hochschulbibliotheken Neuseelands
Authors: Steiner Katrin
Published: August 2015

Die Beschäftigung mit Forschungsdaten als Grundlage der wissenschaftlichen Arbeit ist ein neues Feld für Bibliotheken. Ihre Rolle in diesem Bereich und die Servi­ces, die sie für Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler entwickeln könnten, wird gerade verhandelt und gewinnt vor dem Hintergrund veränderter digitaler wissenschaft­licher Arbeitsrealität an Bedeutung. Der Begriff Informationskompetenz hat hierbei im anglo-amerikanischen Raum eine Ausweitung erfahren, der den gesamten Forschungsprozess inklusive des Umgangs mit Forschungsdaten beschreibt und mittlerweile auch in Deutschland aufgegriffen wird. Nach ­einer kurzen Erläuterung zur Weiterentwicklung des Begriffs Informationskompetenz wird untersucht, welche Services und Strukturen es in Neuseeland im Bereich Forschungsdaten bereits gibt und welche Faktoren und Probleme den Aufbau von Services beeinflussen. Neuseeland kann mit seinem überschaubaren, aber gut entwickelten Hochschulsystem genutzt werden, um den Blick für ähnliche Problemstellungen in Deutschland zu schärfen. Gleichzeitig wird mit dem Ansatz der
Mit „BLInk“ zu fachlicher Informations kompetenz – Ein Blended Learning-Kurs für die wissenschaftliche Psychologie und verwandte Fächer
Authors: Mayer Anne-Kathrin , Leichner Nikolas , Peter Johannes , Krampen Günter
Published: August 2015

Berichtet wird über die Entwicklung und Evaluation eines Blended Learning-Trainings zur Förderung professioneller Informationskompetenz im Fach Psychologie und in verwandten Fächern. In zwei Evaluationsstudien an 67 bzw. 64 Psychologiestudierenden wurden unter Verwendung standardisierter Informationskompetenztests und Fragebogenmaße die Effektivität des Trainings und seine Akzeptanz durch die Teilnehmenden belegt. Die BLInk-Online-Kursmaterialien und ein Trainingsmanual stehen unter www.zpid.de/blink zur kostenfreien Nachnutzung zur Verfügung.
XING versus Semantik – Welche Community ist bereit für die Zukunft: ein Vergleich
Authors: Kallmeier Sophie , Baumer Claudi , Gimpel Friederike
Published: August 2015

Dieser Beitrag stellt einen Vergleich zwischen der Community-Plattform XING und einer semantischen Lösung für die KnowTech Community vor. Die semantische Lösung NETWORKING, die bei der KnowTech Community eingesetzt wurde und die XING gegenüber gestellt wird, ist hierbei vollkommen neu am Markt und stellt eine erste semantische Standardlösung für Communities dar. Der Vergleich wurde im Zuge der Bachelorarbeit „Mehrwert durch Semantik in sozialen Netzwerken im professionellen Kontext“ an der Hochschule Darmstadt durchgeführt.
New Targets for End-Stage Chronic Kidney Disease Therapy
Authors: Prakoura Niki , Kavvadas Panos , Chatziantoniou Christos
Published: August 2015

Severe forms of chronic kidney disease can lead to a critical, end-stage condition, requiring renal replacement therapy, which may involve a form of dialysis or renal transplantation. Identification and characterization of novel markers and/or targets of therapy that could be applied in these critically ill patients remains the focus of the current research in the field of critical care medicine and has been the objective of our studies for some years past. To this end, we used models of renal vascular disease, Ang II, L-NAME or mice overexpressing renin, treated with AT1 antagonists at different stages of progression, to create cohorts of animals during progression, reversal or escape from therapy. Transcriptomic analysis and comparisons were performed and genes were selected according to the following criteria: a) not previously described in the kidney, b) highly upregulated during progression and returning to the normal levels during reversal, and c) producing proteins that are either circulating or membrane receptors.

The involvement of the selected genes in the mechanisms of renal disease was confirmed in additional models of renal disease, initiated in other compartments of the kidney such as glomeruli (administration of nephrotoxic serum) or the tubular interstitium (unilateral ureteral obstruction). The potential of the therapy was tested using mice lacking the expression of these genes and by in vivo administration of antisense oligonucleotides which blocked the transcription of the targeted genes. This strategy allowed the identification of periostin, an extracellular matrix protein normally involved in bone and tooth development, in addition to the discoidin domain receptor1 (DDR1) as potential targets of therapy against renal inflammation and fibrosis.
Polykrystalická diamantová vrstva: vhodná ochrana povrchu zirkoniových slitin?
Authors: Krausová A. , Novák M. , Macák J. , Kratochvílová I.
Published: August 2015

Polykrystalická diamantová vrstva (PCD) se jeví jako vhodná ochrana pro snížení chemické reaktivity zirkoniových slitin. Její aplikací by mohlo dojít k výraznému zvýšení odolnosti zirkonia proti vysokoteplotní korozi a rovněž vůči navodíkování. V této práci jsou zkoumány vzorky slitiny zirkonia Zry-2, které byly pokryty 300 nm tenkou vrstvou PCD a pre-exponovány v páře o teplotách 950 a 1150 °C. Pomocí ex-situ elektrochemické impedanční spektroskopie jsou studovány přenosové parametry a morfologie PCD vrstvy. Výsledky ukazují, že vzorky slitiny zirkonia Zry-2, které byly pokryty PCD vrstvou, korodují za vysokých teplot s nižší korozní rychlostí.
Stabilita barevné vrstvy akvarelu v podmínkách umělého stárnutí
Authors: Ohlídalová M. , Krejčová D. , Dytrychová E. , Paulusová H. , Hostašová A.
Published: August 2015

Barevné vrstvy uměleckých děl stejně jako všechny materiály jsou rovněž předmětem přirozeného stárnutí. Vliv vnějších faktorů na tyto vrstevnaté systémy uměleckých děl ale dosud nebyl systematicky studován. Hlavním cílem této práce bylo sledování chování akvarelů, jako vybraného zástupce malířské techniky na papíře, v podmínkách umělého stárnutí běžně používaných při studiu degradace papíru (umělé stárnutí v přítomnosti NO2, umělé stárnutí vlhkým teplem a termické stárnutí). Testovány byly vzorky akvarelů na ručním papíře a dřevitém balicím papíře připravené z pigmentu (pruská modř, francouzský okr, ultramarín, brazilské dřevo a řešetlák) a arabské gumy. U připravených vzorků akvarelů byly po expozici podmínkám umělého stárnutí vyhodnoceny změny jejich optických vlastností (celková barevná diference, UV-VIS reflexní křivky, elektronová mikroskopie) a chemického složení (změny hodnot pH, rentgenová difrakční analýza, ATR-FTIR spektroskopie a Ramanova spektroskopie). Významné změny byly detekovány ve vzorcích akvarelů s pigmentem měděnka vůči všem testovaným podmínkám umělého stárnutí související s detekovanými změnami chemického složení. Experimentálně byl také prokázán významný vliv atmosféry NO2 u vzorků akvarelů s organickými laky.
Levels of natural radioactivity in mineral and thermal waters of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Kasić Amela , Adrović Feriz , Kasumović Amira , Hankić Ema
Published: August 2015

With gamma spectrometric method 23 samples of mineral and thermal waters of Bosnia and Herzegovina were analyzed. Activity concentrations of the investigated radionuclides were in the range 12–346 mBq·L−1 for 40K, 1.1–791 mBq·L−1 for 226Ra, 0.2–221 mBq·L−1 for 228Ra, 13–367 mBq·L−1 for 238U, and 0.6–17 mBq·L−1 for 235U. For all investigated radionuclides annual effective dose was estimated. The estimated total annual committed effective dose received by population as a result of ingestion of water was in the range 0.11–2.51 μSv·y−1 for thermal water and in the range 0.11–38.8 μSv·y−1 for mineral water. Measurement of activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in the examined samples was carried out with a gamma-spectrometer with high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector, having a relative efficiency of 70%.
Synthesis and evaluation of radiolabeled, folic acid-PEG conjugated, amino silane coated magnetic nanoparticles in tumor bearing Balb/C mice
Authors: Razjouyan Javad , Zolata Hamidreza , Khayat Omid , Nowshiravan Fereidoun , Shadanpour Nami , Mohammadnia Meisam
Published: August 2015

To design a potent agent for positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) imaging and targeted magnetic hyperthermia-radioisotope cancer therapy radiolabeled surface modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were used as nanocarriers. Folic acid was conjugated for increasing selective cellular binding and internalization through receptor-mediated endocytosis. SPIONs were synthesized by the thermal decomposition of tris (acetylacetonato) iron (III) to achieve narrow and uniform nanoparticles. To increase the biocompatibility of SPIONs, they were coated with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES), and then conjugated with synthesized folic acid-polyethylene glycol (FA-PEG) through amine group of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane. Finally, the particles were labeled with 64Cu (t
1/2 = 12.7 h) using 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid mono (N-hydroxy succinimide ester) DOTA-NHS chelator. After the characterization of SPIONs, their cellular internalization was evaluated in folate receptor (FR) overexpressing KB (established from a HeLa cell contamination) and mouse fibroblast cell (MFB) lines. Eventually, active and passive targeting effects of complex were assessed in KB tumor-bearing Balb/C mice through biodistribution studies. Synthesized bare SPIONs had low toxicity effect on healthy cells, but surface modification increased their biocompatibility. Moreover, KB cells viability was reduced when using folate conjugated SPIONs due to FR-mediated endocytosis, while having little effect on healthy cells (MFB). Moreover, this radiotracer had tolerable in vivo characteristics and tumor uptake. In the receptor blocked case, tumor uptake was decreased, indicating FR-specific uptake in tumor tissue while enhanced permeability and retention effect was major mechanism for tumor uptake.
EMR-related problems at the interface between the crystal field Hamiltonians and the zero-field splitting Hamiltonians
Authors: Rudowicz Czesław , Karbowiak Mirosław
Published: August 2015

The interface between optical spectroscopy, electron magnetic resonance (EMR), and magnetism of transition ions forms the intricate web of interrelated notions. Major notions are the physical Hamiltonians, which include the crystal field (CF) (or equivalently ligand field (LF)) Hamiltonians, and the effective spin Hamiltonians (SH), which include the zero-field splitting (ZFS) Hamiltonians as well as to a certain extent also the notion of magnetic anisotropy (MA). Survey of recent literature has revealed that this interface, denoted CF (LF) ↔ SH (ZFS), has become dangerously entangled over the years. The same notion is referred to by three names that are not synonymous: CF (LF), SH (ZFS), and MA. In view of the strong need for systematization of nomenclature aimed at bringing order to the multitude of different Hamiltonians and the associated quantities, we have embarked on this systematization. In this article, we do an overview of our efforts aimed at providing a deeper understanding of the major intricacies occurring at the CF (LF) ↔ SH (ZFS) interface with the focus on the EMR-related problems for transition ions.