bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radio-over-Fiber Transmission Supporting 65536-QAM at 25GHz Band with High-Pass Delta-Sigma Modulation and RF fading Mitigation
Authors: Zhu Yixiao , Fang Xiansong , Yin Longjie , Zhang Fan , Hu Weisheng
Published: April 2022

We experimentally demonstrate radio-over-fiber transmission of 44.4Gb/s 65536-QAM at 25GHz employing 2-bit high-pass delta-sigma modulation. 0.19% EVM is achieved after 10km C-band SSMF transmission, and dispersion-induced RF fading is mitigated by differential skew-enabled spectral shaping.
Photonic Interferometric Imager with monolithic silicon CMOS photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Chen Humphry , On Mehmet Berkay , Yun-Jhu-Lee  , Zhang Li , Proietti Roberto , Ben Yoo S.J.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, a monolithically-integrated photonic interferometric imager circuit with on-chip detectors, CMOS trans-impedance-amplifiers, and associated photonic imager components. A proof-of-principle demonstration of interferogram fringe generation will be discussed.
Photonics-Based 300 GHz Band Wireless Terahertz Link using 10Gbps Directly-Modulated Monolithically-Integrated Novel Dual-Mode Laser as Beating Light Source
Authors: Kim Younghoon , Park Dong Woo , Cho Jinchul , Lee Eui Su , Choi Da-Hye , Shin Jun-Hwan , Kim Mugeon , Cho Seung-Hyun , Moon Sang-Rok , Kim Eon-Sang , Baek Yongsoon , Lee Donghoon , Park Sang-Ho , Leem Young Ahn , Lee Il-Min , Park Kyung Hyun
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a photonics-based 300GHz band wireless terahertz (THz) link using our directly modulated novel dual-mode laser (DML) as the beating light source. We have obtained 10Gbps transmission over a single channel.
Glass Interposer for High-Density Photonic Packaging
Authors: Brusberg Lars , Grenier Jason R. , Kocabaş Şükrü Ekin , Zakharian Aramais R. , Yeary Lucas W. , Levesque Daniel W. , Paddock Barry J. , Bellman Robert A. , Force Robin M. , Terwilliger Chad C. , Sutton Clifford G. , Clark Jeffrey S. , Rousseva Katerina
Published: April 2022

A circuit on glass with optical fiber interfaces, integrated planar waveguides, and through glass vias is demonstrated for co-packaged optics hosting and interconnecting electrical and photonic integrated circuits by flip-chip bonding.
Capacity Region Bounds for K-User Optical WDM Channels with Peak Power Constraints
Authors: Ramachandran Viswanathan , Liga Gabriele , Barreiro Astrid , Alvarado Alex
Published: April 2022

We study an optical WDM channel from an interference channel viewpoint. An achievable rate region that strictly outperforms treating interference as noise is presented, along with a capacity region outer bound.
Evolution of Short-Range Optical Wireless Communications
Authors: Wang Ke , Song Tingting , Wang Yitong , Fang Chengwei , Nirmalathas Ampalavanapillai , Lim Christina , Wong Elaine , Kandeepan Sithamparanathan
Published: April 2022

Optical wireless communications (OWC) explore the broad unregulated optical spectrum to provide high-speed wireless communications, which are promising in beyond-5G. We will discuss the fundamentals and recent developments of short-range OWC systems in this tutorial.
Sub-10 kHz Intrinsic Linewidth Extended Cavity DBR laser on InP Generic Foundry Platform
Authors: Kumar Rakesh Ranjan , Hänsel Andreas , Brusatori Mónica Far , Nielsen Lars , Arent Niklas Hedegaard , Volet Nicolas , Heck Martijn J. R.
Published: April 2022

We report an extended-cavity DBR laser with an intrinsic linewidth of 10 kHz and an output power of ~18 mW at an injection current of < 100 mA, on an InP generic foundry platform.
210 nm E, S, C and L Band Multistage Discrete Raman Amplifier
Authors: Hazarika Pratim , Tan Mingming , Donodin Aleksandr , Phillips Ian , Harper Paul , Li Ming-Jun , Forysiak Wladek
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a multistage Raman amplifier for 210 nm signal amplification with 15 dB gain and 8.1 dB maximum noise figure enabling ESCL-band transmission with 10 Gb/s NRZ signals over 70 km SMF.
Harnessing Multi-Octave Coherent Light Using Anti-Resonant Fibers
Authors: Novoa David
Published: April 2022

Gas-filled anti-resonant fibers enable an ultrafast source of phase-stable waveforms with tunable ultra-broadband spectrum spanning from the ultraviolet to the terahertz. The system features higher brightness than synchrotrons, opening horizons in spectroscopy and strong-field physics.
Ultra-Low Latency Short Packet Transmission Experiments with Optical Bus Platform Based on PCIe
Authors: Matsuda Toshiya , Nishiyama Kota , Masumoto Kana , Nakagawa Masahiro , Miyamura Takashi
Published: April 2022

We propose an optical bus platform architecture that provides an ultra-low latency path for small traffic on metro-scale networks. We experimentally demonstrate that remote memory can be accessed over 25 km in 244.2 μs.
What’s the Fuss: The Excitement, Prospects and Software/Hardware Challenges of Distributing Entanglement over a Quantum Network
Authors: Zimmerman Neil M.
Published: April 2022

In this paper, I review the notion of a quantum network, which I define as one that can distribute entanglement between stationary qubits, and then discuss challenges relevant for the Optical Fiber Conference (OFC).
Introduction to Continuous Variable Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Hirano Takuya
Published: April 2022

In this talk, we will review the present status of continuous-variable quantum key distribution, including optical configuration and security analysis, and would like to discuss future prospects for integration with coherent optical communications.
Polarization Sensing with Transmission Fibers in Undersea Cables
Authors: Mecozzi Antonio , Cantono Mattia , Castellanos Jorge C. , Kamalov Valey , Zhan Zhongwen
Published: April 2022

We show that from the state of polarization of the received signal transmitted in an undersea cable, information on geophysical events occurring on the ocean floor and surface can be extracted without disturbing the ongoing data communication.
84-fiber MPO connector employing solid refractive index matching material formed on perpendicular polished MT ferrule end
Authors: Abe Yoshiteru , Koyama Ryo , Katayama Kazunori
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate 84-fiber MPO connector employing a perpendicular MT ferrule and solid refractive index matching material that can overcome the extreme difficulty posed by the design and manufacturing of multi-fiber connectors holding many fibers.
Ultra-compact Multi-fiber Connector with Magnetic Physical Contact
Authors: Shikama Kota , Sato Norio , Nagase Ryo , Doi Yoshiyuki , Tanobe Hiromasa , Tsunashima Satoshi , Ishii Yuzo
Published: April 2022

An ultra-compact multi-fiber connector features a novel magnetic attraction structure for high-density on-board connector. The fabricated connectors show low-insertion losses comparable to those of conventional MPO connectors while achieving space-saving connection with an angled physical-contact.
An SDN Control Plane for Multiband Networks Exploiting a PLI-aware Routing Engine
Authors: Casellas Ramon , Kosmatos Evangelos , Lord Andrew , Matrakidis Chris , Martínez Ricardo , Uzunidis Dimitris , Vilalta Ricard , Stavdas Alexandros , Muñoz Raül
Published: April 2022

We report the design of a TAPI SDN control plane for multi-band networks with externalized PLI-aware RMSA. We detail the architecture, data model extensions, algorithms and the implementation and validation in an emulated BT 22-ROADM network.
Beyond Mrad/s Polarization Tracking Speed of Complementary Polarization-diversity Coherent Receiver for Remote LO
Authors: Ji Honglin , Li Jingchi , Li Xingfeng , Dong Shuangyu , Xu Zhaopeng , Su Yikai , Shieh William
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a complementary polarization-diversity coherent receiver (C-PDCR) to accommodate arbitrarily varying SOP of remotely delivered LO. The polarization tracking speed can reach 1 Mrad/s without performance degradation and exceed 2 Mrad/s with a 1-dB OSNR penalty for a 1.08-Tb/s dual-polarization (DP) PCS-256QAM signal.
Distributed Acoustic Sensing for Datacenter Optical Interconnects using Self-Homodyne Coherent Detection
Authors: Ip Ezra , Huang Yue-Kai , Wang Ting , Aono Yoshiaki , Asahi Koji
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) over a bidirectional datacenter link which uses self-homodyne coherent detection for the data signal. Frequency multiplexing allows sharing the optoelectronic hardware, and enables DAS as an auxiliary function.
Ultra-low noise microwave photonic oscillator using free running Kerr soliton microcomb with inhibited Raman scattering and dispersive wave emission
Authors: Cui Wenwen , Geng Yong , Yi Zheng , Xiao Yanlan , Qiu Kun , Xu Jing , Zhou Qiang , Zhou Heng
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate that K-band microwave with ultra-low phase noise (−60dBc/Hz@10Hz; −110dBc/Hz@1kHz; -140dBc/Hz@100kHz) can be generated by photo-detecting the repetition rate of a soliton microcomb with largely restricted Raman scattering and dispersive wave emission.
Elimination of the PMD Related Delay Jitter in an Ultra-Stable Microwave Signal Distribution System
Authors: Wang Xi , Wei Wei , Weng Xiyi , Wang Danyang , Wei Jiawang , Xie Weilin , Dong Yi
Published: April 2022

We realize an ultra-stable frequency signal distribution system. The relative delay jitter of the 24 GHz signal is only 13.0 fs after eliminating the PMD-related jitter originated from the stretching of the piezoelectric fiber stretcher.
4-antenna Distributed Receiving System for Broadband Signal Transmission and Combination
Authors: Wang Kai , Wei Wei , Wang Pengyu , Wang Danyang , Xie Weilin , Dong Yi
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a stable distributed receiving antenna system for broadband signal transmission and combination. A simple remote structure, a large link compensation range, and improved signal SNR have been achieved simultaneously with 4 remote ends.
Wearable Smartwatch based on Optical Fiber for Continuous Blood Pressure Monitoring.
Authors: Li Liangye , Liu Yunfei , Sheng Shunfeng , Song Changying , Fan Wei , Sun Qizhen
Published: April 2022

We present a wearable smartwatch based on optical fiber for continuous blood pressure monitoring. Clinical results show errors of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure are 0.93 ± 3.97 mmHg and −3.07 ± 2.69 mmHg.
Groundwater Level Remote Monitoring Using Optical Power Measurement in Fiber Bragg Grating
Authors: Binder Steven , Yang Mei , Qiu Victor , Bucksch Alexander , Fok Mable
Published: April 2022

Groundwater level provides critical insight to public resource allocation and climate variability. Remote monitoring of groundwater level is demonstrated, based on wavelength-shift induced optical power change in fiber Bragg grating caused by water pressure fluctuations.
Bandwidth Reconfigurable Optical Switching Architecture for CPU-GPU Computing Systems with Shared Memory
Authors: Sharma Arastu , Cheng Qixiang , Bamiedakis Nikolaos , Glick Madeleine , Karinou Fotini , Bergman Keren , Penty Richard
Published: April 2022

We propose a reconfigurable optical switching architecture for shared-memory CPU-GPU systems. System-level simulations show improved execution time and energy efficiency up to 34% and 25% respectively compared to a static point-to-point architecture for specific application sets.
To Cooperate or Not to Cooperate: Service Function Chaining in Multi-Domain Edge-Cloud Elastic Optical Networks
Authors: Li Sijia , Li Baojia , Zhu Zuqing
Published: April 2022

We study the the non-cooperative provisioning of service function chains in a multi-domain edge-cloud elastic optical network (EC-EON), leverage game theory to design an algorithm for it, and analyze its performance difference from the cooperative scheme with simulations.
Techno-Economic Potential of Wavelength-Selective Band- Switchable OXC in S+C+L Band Optical Networks
Authors: Nakagawa Masahiro , Seki Takeshi , Miyamura Takashi
Published: April 2022

Techno-economic performance of an S+C+L-band network employing the wavelength-selective band-switchable optical cross-connect is investigated. Numerical results verify that a significant cost-per-bit reduction can be achieved compared to conventional multi-band and multi-fiber solutions under realistic conditions.
Demonstration of 128×100-Gb/s Real-Time Coherent UDWDM-PON with >35-dB Power Budget
Authors: Li Jie , Luo Ming , He Zhixue , Xiao Xi , Yu Shaohua
Published: April 2022

We propose a coherent UDWDM-PON scheme and experimentally demonstrate a real-time 128×100-Gb/s downlink coherent UDWDM-PON at 37.5-GHz channel spacing. The power budget can achieve more than 35 dB after 48-km SSMF transmission.
A 10-Gb/s, -32.6dBm Receiver with 3.5Gbps APD for XGPON/XGSPON Mass Production
Authors: Wang Rui , Zhao Xin , Ling Yingfan , Fan Gaoyong , Cai Zhijun , Tao Rui
Published: April 2022

A 10-Gb/s low-power low-noise optical receiver in 65nm CMOS is presented and can achieve a sensitivity of -32.6dBm after pairing with a 3.5Gbps low-cost APD, which provides a solution necessary for mass production of XGPON/XGSPON.
Volterra Equalization to Compensate for Transceiver Nonlinearity: Performance and Pitfalls
Authors: Cho Junho , Le Son Thai
Published: April 2022

We present an efficient training method of Volterra nonlinear equalization to compensate for transceiver nonlinearity in an experiment sending periodic symbols, analyze its performance, and discuss pitfalls leading to overestimation or underestimation of performance.
Symbiotic joint operation of quantum and classical coherent communications
Authors: Aymeric Raphaël , Jaouën Yves , Ware Cédric , Alléaume Romain
Published: April 2022

We report successful joint operation of quantum and classical communications with shared hardware. Leveraging information learned from the classical DSP, low-noise quantum communications (0.009 SNU at 15 km) compatible with 15 Mbit/s QKD is demonstrated.
Experimental validation of nonlinear Fourier transform-based Kerr-nonlinearity identification over a 1600 km SSMF link
Authors: de Koster Pascal , Koch Jonas , Schulz Olaf , Pachnicke Stephan , Wahls Sander
Published: April 2022

Recently, a nonlinear Fourier transform-based Kerr-nonlinearity identification algorithm was demonstrated for a 1000 km NZDSF link with accuracy of 75%. Here, we demonstrate an accuracy of 99% over 1600 km SSMF. Reasons for improved accuracy are discussed.
Reduce Footprints of Multiport Interferometers by Cosine-Sine-Decomposition Unfolding
Authors: Liu Yinyi , Zhang Jiaxu , Feng Jun , Chen Shixi , Xu Jiang
Published: April 2022

We present a novel 3D-unfolding method based on Cosine-Sine-Decomposition (CSD) to enable an alternative arrangement of unitary blocks towards plane normal, which reduces the planar footprints of universal multiport interferometers exponentially.
Dimensional Variation Tolerant Inverse Designed Broadband Mode Converter
Authors: Masnad Md Mahadi , Zhang Guowu , Xu Dan-Xia , Grinberg Yuri , Liboiron-Ladouceur Odile
Published: April 2022

We report on a low-loss (<1dB) TE1-TE3 mode converter, robust to ±10 nm etch-errors, operating over a wavelength range of 1.5-1.58 μm with modal crosstalk below -20dB. 20 GBaud PAM-4 signal transmission validates the conversion.
Single-mode 850nm VCSELs Demonstrate 96 Gb/s PAM4 OM4 Fiber Link for Extended Reach to 1km
Authors: Wu Dufei , Yu Xin , Wu Haonan , Fu Wenning , Feng Milton
Published: April 2022

Due to modal dispersion in OM4 fiber, multi-mode VCSELs have a limited high-speed NRZ and PAM4 transmitting distance of below 100 meters. The single-mode VCSELs with integrated mode-selective filter has been developed and demonstrated 96 Gb/s PAM4 transmitting distance to 1km with 1.78 dB TDECQ and 112Gb/s over 100 m OM4 fibers.
Growth and Sustainability Aspects of WDM
Authors: Grobe Klaus
Published: April 2022

Internet growth leads to exponentially increasing WDM-systems energy consumption. WDM systems should be replaced by more-efficient successors after certain time to optimize related use-phase carbon emissions. These emissions are overcompensated by the Greening-by-ICT effect.
High Capacity Innovations Enabling Scalable Optical Transmission Networks
Authors: Zhou Yu Rong , Keens John , Wakim Walid
Published: April 2022

We review the key optical innovations that enable scalable, efficient high capacity optical transmission networks and present results from recent industry leading technology trials in field deployed network and successful demonstration of emerging 400ZR/ZR+ technologies
Investigation of Long-Haul S-, C- + L-Band Transmission
Authors: Puttnam Benjamin J. , Luís Ruben S. , Rademacher Georg , Awaji Yoshinari , Furukawa Hideaki
Published: April 2022

We investigate long-distance transmission of a 120nm S+C+L-band signal, observing a small improvement in throughput by launching higher power in S-band. We then measure a fully decoded throughput of 43.5 Tb/s after 10,072 km transmission.
High Performance Avalanche Photodiode in a Monolithic Silicon Photonics Technology
Authors: Chowdhury Asif , Krishnamurthy Subramanian , Aboketaf Abdelsalam , Phang Jacquelyn , Popova Ludmila , Zhang Michelle , Ayala Javier , Bian Yusheng , Rakowski Michal , Afzal Francis , Hirokawa Takako , Lee Won Suk , Holt Judson , Sorbara Massimo , Dhrugude Vishal , Hedges Crystal , Pavlik Frank , Senger Stan , McLean Kate , Stricker Andy , Sporer Ryan , Nummy Karen , Riggs Dave , Augur Rod , Lin Wenhe , Lee Jae Gon , Gupta Vikas , Lim Eng Hua , Giewont Ken , Letavic Ted , Pellerin John
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a waveguide-integrated germanium-on-silicon avalanche pho-todiode in a monolithic silicon photonics technology, with TE responsivity of 26 A/W at 1310 nm wavelength at -5 V operating bias with a 3-dB bandwidth of>30 GHz.
106-Gb/s Waveguide AlInAs/GaInAs Avalanche Photodiode with Butt-joint Coupling Structure
Authors: Okimoto Takuya , Ashizawa Ken , Mori Hiroki , Ebihara Koji , Yamazaki Kouichiro , Okamoto Satoru , Horino Kazuhiko , Ohkura Yusuke , Yagi Hideki , Ekawa Mitsuru , Yoneda Yoshihiro
Published: April 2022

A waveguide AlInAs/GaInAs APD with the butt-joint coupling structure for 106-Gb/s PAM4 applications is demonstrated for the first time. A maximum 3-dB bandwidth of 38 GHz and high responsivity at unity gain of 0.90 A/W are exhibited at 1.55 μm.
Development and Modeling of Ge-free Microring Avalanche Photodiode in Optical Communication Band
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Sorin Wayne V. , Liang Di , Cheung Stanley , Peng Yiwei , Jain Mudit , Huang Zhihong , Fiorentino Marco , Beausoleil Raymond G.
Published: April 2022

A physical model was developed to unfold different optical absorption mechanisms in a Germanium-free microring avalanche photodiode. Fabricated pure-Silicon microring detector showed competitive performance to support 100 Gb/s PAM4 operations at O-band.
Hybrid Polymer THz Receiver PIC with Waveguide Integrated Photoconductive Antenna: Concept and 1st Characterization Results
Authors: Qian Tianwen , Deumer Milan , Gupta Y Durvasa , Nellen Simon , Schuler Ben , Conradi Hauke , Kresse Martin , Reck Jakob , Mihov Klara , Kleinert Moritz , Weigel Madeleine , Zawadzki Crispin , de Felipe David , Globisch Björn , Baier Moritz , Keil Norbert , Schell Martin
Published: April 2022

An all-photonic THz-receiver PIC comprising an on-chip frequency stabilization scheme and a novel InP-based photoconductive antenna is presented. Characterization of the key photonic building blocks shows the functionality of the PIC.
InP-Si3N4 Hybrid Integrated Optical Source for High-purity Mm-wave Communications
Authors: Gonzalez-Guerrero Luis , Guzman Robinson , Ali Muhsin , Cuello Jessica Cesar , Dass Devika , Browning Colm , Barry Liam , Visscher Ilka , Grootjans Robert , Roeloffzen Chris G. H. , Carpintero Guillermo
Published: April 2022

We present the optical injection locking to a comb of a hybrid InP-Si3N4 dual laser source for high-purity mm-wave generation. Key performance parameters such as adjacent-comb-line side mode suppression ratio and locking range are reported.
Alignment of zero-dispersion wavelength along highly-nonlinear fiber length with simultaneous increase in the stimulated Brillouin scattering threshold
Authors: Guo Cheng , Vasilyev Michael , Akasaka Youichi , Palacharla Paparao
Published: April 2022

We apply temperature tuning to several segments of a highly-nonlinear fiber with decreasing zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) to simultaneously align the segments’ ZDWs and separate their stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) spectra, yielding higher SBS threshold.
Random Number Generation by Brillouin-enhanced Four-wave-mixing in Polarization Maintaining Fiber
Authors: Tovar Pedro , Bao Xiaoyi
Published: April 2022

We report a novel real-time true random number generator based on Brillouin-enhanced FWM. Random bit sequences produced from the idler’s intensity fluctuation, due to position and time dependent stochastic birefringence changes, passed all NIST tests.
Optimized Physical Design of Metro Aggregation Networks using Point to Multipoint Transceivers
Authors: Hosseini Mohammad M. , Pedro João , Costa Nelson , Napoli Antonio , Prilepsky Jaroslaw E. , Turitsyn Sergei K.
Published: April 2022

We present an ILP-based optimization for deploying transceivers exploiting digital subcarrier multiplexing while fulfilling filterless node conditions. Applying this method to a reference mesh network reduces transceiver cost by a figure between 18% and 38%.
Core Selective Switch Based Branching Unit Architectures and Efficient Bidirectional Core Assignment Scheme for Regional SDM Submarine System
Authors: Matsumoto Kako , Jinno Masahiko
Published: April 2022

We propose core-selective-switch-based branching-unit architectures and an efficient bidirectional core-assignment scheme for regional space-division-multiplexing submarine systems. The architectures increase the number of reconfigurable cores and halve the number of multi-core fibers in branching cables.
Transport Network Upgrade exploiting Multi-Band Systems: S- versus E-band
Authors: Sambo Nicola , Correia Bruno , Napoli Antonio , Pedro João , Castoldi Piero , Curri Vittorio
Published: April 2022

Exploiting bands beyond C+L can effectively upgrade network capacity, but Stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) affects wideband-transmission, potentially degrading active channels. Upgrades exploiting E- and S-band are compared in terms of capacity and number of reconfigurations.
ANN-based Optimization of Probabilistic and Geometric Shaping for Flexible Rate 50G and beyond PON
Authors: Yao Shuang , Mahadevan Amitkumar , Lefevre Yannick , Kaneda Noriaki , Houtsma Vincent , van Veen Doutje
Published: April 2022

Joint probabilistic and geometric shaping is considered for flexible PON. Optimal modulation is found through ANN, which generalizes to various ROPs and fiber lengths while taking dispersion, limited bandwidth, and receiver-side DSP into account.
Practical Entropy Loading Enabled by Enumerative Sphere Shaping with Short Block Lengths
Authors: Chen Yizhao , Li Weihao , Chen Junda , Xiang Yating , Zhang Mingming , Liu Deming , Tang Ming
Published: April 2022

We propose a practical entropy loading scheme using enumerative sphere shaping, providing considerable shaping gain even with ultra-short block lengths. In the experimental validation, up to 6.0% capacity improvement is achieved.
Towards AI-enhanced VLC Systems
Authors: Costa Wesley , Camporez Higor , Segatto Marcelo , Rocha Helder , Silva Jair
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate that position prediction is feasible in industrial applications with visible light communication (VLC), using artificial intelligence. Accordingly, a long short-term memory neural network is suggested, after experimental demonstrations of the optimized VLC systems.
Mode-dependent Gain Reduction in Coupled Multi-core EDF with Smaller Core Pitch
Authors: Imada Ryota , Sakamoto Taiji , Aozasa Shinichi , Nakajima Kazuhide
Published: April 2022

We discuss the reduction in mode-dependent gain (MDG) in coupled-multi-core erbium-doped fiber (C-MC-EDF) with smaller core pitch by optimizing the bending radius. Our results indicate the possibility of C-MC-EDFA with both low power consumption and MDG.
Temperature Dependent Characteristics of L-band EDFA Using Phosphorus- and High Aluminum- Co-doped Silica Fibers
Authors: Zhai Z. , Halder A. , Wang Y. , Núñez-Velázquez M. , Sahu J. K.
Published: April 2022

We report a hybrid L-band amplifier employing phosphosilicate and high-aluminosilicate EDFs with 20.2±3.7dB gain and 4.2dB average NF from 1575-1615nm. The temperature-dependent-gain coefficient remains almost constant from 1585-1615nm over the temperature range -60 to +80°C.
Low Cost Solution for Super L-Band Fiber Amplifier based on Single-mode and Multi-mode Hybrid Pumping Scheme
Authors: Wang Lixian , Sharma Manish , Maes Frédéric , Jalilpiran Saber , Durak Firat Ertac , Messaddeq Younès , LaRochelle Sophie , Jiang Zhiping
Published: April 2022

A super L-band amplifier (21 dB gain over 1575~1626 nm) is demonstrated using two types of erbium doped fibers designed for single-mode and multi-mode pumping. Noise figure, power consumption and fabrication cost are analyzed.
3D printed and spiral lithographically patterned Erbium-doped polymer micro-waveguide amplifiers
Authors: Gao Hongwei. , Li Huimin , Chen George F. R. , Xing Peng , Tan Mei Chee , Tan Dawn t. H.
Published: April 2022

We present spiral erbium-doped polymer micro-waveguide amplifiers fabricated using lithographic patterning and the first demonstration of 3D printed polymer waveguide amplifiers. A maximum gain of 8 dB and gain bandwidth of 60 nm is achieved.
Edge Wavelength Selective Switch for Optical Access Networks
Authors: Chansky Evan D. , Arrunategui-Norvick Viviana , Hirokawa Takako , Campos L. Alberto , Zhang Haipeng , Xu Mu , Jia Zhensheng , Schow Clint L.
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a novel C-band wavelength selective switch well equipped to handle the demands of scaling access at the edge. The 1x4 switch block has two drops per port with thermo-optic tuning. © 2022 The Author(s)
Broadband, Low-Crosstalk and Power-Efficient 32×32 Optical Switch on a Dual-Layer Si3N4-on-SOI Platform
Authors: Gao Wei , Li Xin , Lu Liangjun , Chen Jianping , Zhou Linjie
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a 32×32 optical switch on a dual-layer Si3N4-on-SOI platform with low fiber-to-fiber insertion loss (9.61~14.51 dB), low crosstalk (~-35 dB), broad 3-dB bandwidth (~57 nm) and low power consumption (~0.83 W). © 2022 The Author(s)
314-Tbit/s (576 × 380.16-MHz 5G NR OFDM Signals) SDM/WDM/SCM-Based IF-over-Fiber Transmission for Analog Mobile Fronthaul
Authors: Tanaka Kazuki , Nimura Shinji , Ishimura Shota , Nishimura Kosuke , Inohara Ryo , Tsuritani Takehiro , Suzuki Masatoshi
Published: April 2022

576 × 64-QAM 5G NR OFDM signals with a net bit rate of 1.314-Tbit/s are successfully transmitted over a 12.8-km uncoupled 4-core fiber, using subcarrier multiplexing for the 18 OFDM signals and eight wavelength-division multiplexing.
>100 Gbps 3×3 MIMO V-Band RoF System for up to 100 m Wireless Transmission Enabled by NN-based Equalization
Authors: Wei Chia-Chien , Huang Yu-Jen , Xie Zhen-Xiong , Huang Ping-Yao , Ting Pin-Hsuan , Lin Chun-Ting
Published: April 2022

This study employs a single neural-network-based nonlinear equalizer in a 3×3 MIMO V-band RoF system for the first time. Experiment results demonstrate >30% improvement in data rate and >100-Gbps wireless transmission over 100 m. © 2022 The Author(s)
Transmission of Tb/s CPRI-equivalent Rate Using Coherent Digital-Analog Radio-over-Fiber (DA-RoF) System
Authors: Zhuge Qunbi , Xu Yicheng , Fan Yunyun , Zeng Xiaobo , Fu Mengfan , Yi Lilin , Hu Weisheng , Liu Xiang
Published: April 2022

A coherent digital-analog radio-over-fiber (DA-RoF) system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. An EVM below 3.5% with a CPRI equivalent rate of 1 Tb/s is achieved using a 25 Gbaud dual-polarization signal over a 10-km distance. © 2022 The Author(s)
A Dynamically Reconfigurable Optical Switching Node for Hybrid Analog/Digital RoF Transport
Authors: Toumasis Panagiotis , Kanta Konstantina , Tokas Kostas , Giannoulis Giannis , Apostolopoulos Dimitris , Avramopoulos Hercules
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate a dynamically reconfigurable optical switching node interconnecting both Digital and Analog RoF interfaces. Successful optical/wireless transmission is verified, and real-world services are showcased over the deployed WDM infrastructure. © 2022 The Author(s)
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Gas Filled Hollow Core Fiber
Authors: Jin Wei , Zhao Yan , Qi Yun , Ho Hoi Lut , Gao Shoufei , Wang Yingying
Published: April 2022

Photoacoustic spectroscopy is demonstrated with gas filled microstructured hollow core optical fibers. This technique may be used for high sensitivity gas sensing, non-invasive fiber characterization, and fiber-optic phase modulation devices.
Kalman Filter assisted Tracking of Microparticles in Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for Sensor Applications
Authors: Koeppel Max , Podschus Jasper , Joly Nicolas Y. , Russell Philip St.J. , Schmauss Bernhard
Published: April 2022

Accurate tracking of optically levitated microparticles inside hollow-core photonic crystal fibers is a key requirement for novel “flying particle sensors”. We demonstrate a significantly improved tracking accuracy for accelerated particles by applying a Kalman filter.
Coupling NANF to Silicon Photonics circuits
Authors: Scarcella C. , Soòs R. , Troska J. , Ricci D. , Toccafondo I. , Medaer S. , Taranta A. , Poletti F.
Published: April 2022

We present the first demonstration of optical coupling between hollow core fibers and Silicon Photonics circuits. We achieved moderate excess coupling loss with respect to SMF-28 and achieved 25 Gb/s data transmission over NANF fibers.
Comparison between the Optical Performance of Photonic Bandgap and Antiresonant Hollow Core Fibers after Long-Term Exposure to the Atmosphere
Authors: Rikimi Shuichiro , Chen Yong , Bradley Thomas D , Davidson Ian A , Sakr Hesham , Taranta Austin A , Harrington Kerrianne , Poletti Francesco , Petrovich Marco N , Richardson David J , Wheeler Natalie V
Published: April 2022

We measure the changes in transmission properties of two different hollow core fiber types exposed to standard atmosphere over nearly one year. No degradation of transmitted power is observed for the hollow-core NANF studied.
Hitless Transmission Baud Rate Switching in a Real-Time Transponder Assisted by an Auto-Negotiation Protocol
Authors: Dutisseuil Eric , Dupas Arnaud , Gouin Alexandre , Boitier Fabien , Layec Patricia
Published: April 2022

We propose a novel coherent receiver architecture that allows an instantaneous and hitless variable baud rate transmission. This solution is demonstrated in a real-time experiment. We also show how the baud rate variation can leverage an in-line auto-negotiation protocol. © 2022 The Authors.
Fiber-to-Application: Optical Slicing to Enhance Application Performance over a Metro Transport Network
Authors: Wang Cen , Xue Xiao , Yoshikane Noboru , Balasis Filippos , Guo Hongxiang , Tsuritani Takehiro
Published: April 2022

We demonstrate the fiber-to-application transport slicing architecture and mechanism. The experiment shows ultrahigh throughput (> 5Gbps per application) and significant acceleration for 100 applications in 4 categories. © 2022 The Author(s)
Concatenated GSNR Profiles for End-to-End Performance Estimations in Disaggregated Networks
Authors: Kaeval Kaida , Myyry Jani , Grobe Klaus , Grieβer Helmut , Jervan Gert
Published: April 2022

The performance of a wide-band optical spectrum service is computed using individual segment characterizations and compared to measured end-to-end performance. An accuracy of ±1.4 dB is achieved for live network routes up to 3116 km.
Digital Twin-Assisted Optical Power Allocation for Flexible and Customizable SNR Optimization
Authors: Pang Xuhao , Li Shengnan , Fan Qirui , Zhang Min , Lu Chao , Lau Alan Pak Tao , Wang Danshi
Published: April 2022

A digital twin-enabled power allocation scheme is proposed to realize flexible SNR optimization using Autoencoder. Three customized SNR targets are achieved, which is useful for accurate margin planning in mixed-line-rate transmission systems.
Hybrid Amplification Approach to Communications beyond C- and L-Bands
Authors: Akasaka Youichi
Published: April 2022

This report introduces novel techniques to amplify new bandwidths rather than C- and L-band by utilizing advantages of each amplification phenomena such as high power efficiency and flexible bandwidth to overcome each of its drawback. © 2022 The Author
Power consumption and FWM crosstalk analysis of a hybrid S-band amplifier based on two parametric wavelength converters and an EDFA
Authors: Guo Cheng , Vasilyev Michael , Akasaka Youichi , Palacharla Paparao
Published: April 2022

We measure and analyze the power efficiency and four-wave-mixing crosstalk of a hybrid S-band amplifier based on parametric wavelength converters and EDFA at input signal levels from –30 to –20 dBm/ch and 20-dB gain.
Multiple beam-steering for 5G multi-user MIMO mobile fronthaul based on IFoF and RoF transmission
Authors: Nishimura Kosuke , Kao Hsuan-Yun , Ishimura Shota , Tanaka Kazuki , Inohara Ryo
Published: April 2022

This paper describes the potential of analog radio-over-fiber (RoF) and intermediate-frequency-over-fiber (IFoF) transmission technology for the future mobile fronthaul (MFH). The background and approach of the analog RoF-based MFH combined with the beamforming technique are presented. We developed an antenna module by integrating sixteen sets of cascaded photodiode, RF amplifier and a patch antenna as a compact wireless transmitter. Three millimeter-wave (MMW) beams were successfully transmitted from the antenna module with beam separation of 30° by photonic controlled beam steering. The experimental results are presented to show the feasibility of a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scenario.
The impact of maternal and child health and nutrition improvement project on maternal health service utilization in Ghana: An Interrupted time series analysis
Authors: Mohammed Arif , Dwomoh Duah , Nonvignon Justice
Published: April 2022

Maternal and Child Health and Nutrition Improvement Project (MCHNP) is an intervention that, adopts financial strategies to provide incentives as a means of motivating community health workers and ensuring accountability. This study highlights on the service delivery component of the intervention; thus, utilization of essential community nutrition and health action. This paper aims to determine the differential impact of MCHNP on maternal health service utilization in Ghana. A retrospective longitudinal pre-test post-test study design was employed. Six administrative regions were used for analyzing the impact of the intervention in uptake of maternal health services. Administrative data were extracted from the DHIMS2 database for the periods of January 2014 to December 2018. Analysis was conducted using interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) due to the absence of a control group. The difference in the pre-intervention and post-intervention means were statistically significant in the Central, Western, Eastern and Upper West region for the proportion of ANC 4 visits. With the exception of Northern region that recorded negative impact (-0.005; p-value >0.05), all the remaining regions recorded positive impacts on the percentage of women that had 4 ANC visits. All six regions had positive impacts in the proportion of women that received supervised delivery. However, none of these impacts were statistically significant; thus, the MCHNP intervention had no significant impact on maternal health outcomes which are, ANC four visits and skilled deliveries.
Impact of e-money on money supply: Estimation and policy implication for Bangladesh
Authors: Nizam Ahmed Mehedi
Published: April 2022

With the rapid proliferation of mobile telephony and the establishment of an IT-enabled payment and settlement system, Bangladesh nowadays is experiencing a remarkable growth in the usage of mobile financial services (MFS). As more and more people are opting to use this service, a huge number of mobile accounts are opened every day and a substantial amount of money is deposited, withdrawn and transferred frequently through the mobile network. This ever-increasing amount of mobile money flowing through the network may have a sizeable impact on the overall money supply of the country. Thus far, no systematic study has been conducted to quantify the impact of the mobile money on the conventional money supply of Bangladesh. In this study, we attempt to quantify the contribution of mobile money on the money supply which is an important quantity-based nominal anchor of monetary policy in Bangladesh. Apart from deriving algebraic relationships between money supply and e-money, here we have empirically shown that during the 03 years span of 2018-2021, MFS transactions account for nearly 10.88% and 11.29% of total narrow and broad money supply of Bangladesh as on January 2021. Besides, we also qualitatively discuss the impact of e-money on an important price-based nominal anchor of monetary policy in Bangladesh, i.e., interest rate. Based upon the above discussion, here we argue that MFS can act as an effective tool to slash interest rate by a reasonable proportion through adding significantly to the overall supply of money in Bangladesh.
Combination therapy with rifaximin and lactulose in hepatic encephalopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Fu Jian , Gao Yi , Shi Li
Published: April 2022

Rifaximin and lactulose are widely used in patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE); however, data on whether the combined use of rifaximin and lactulose could yield additional benefits for patients with HE are limited and inconclusive. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the treatment effectiveness of rifaximin plus lactulose versus lactulose alone in patients with HE. Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched for eligible RCTs from their inception until November 2020. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were applied to calculate pooled effect estimates for the treatment effectiveness of rifaximin plus lactulose versus lactulose alone by using the random-effects model. Sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses were also performed. We included 7 RCTs enrolling 843 patients with HE. We noted that the use of rifaximin plus lactulose was associated with an increased incidence of effective rate than lactulose alone (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.10–1.53; P = 0.002). Moreover, the use of rifaximin plus lactulose was associated with a reduced risk of mortality as compared with lactulose alone (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.41–0.80; P = 0.001). This study found that the use of rifaximin in combination with lactulose could provide additional benefits in terms of increased effective rate and decreased mortality than lactulose alone in patients with HE.
Dissolved oxygen sensor in an automated hyporheic sampling system reveals biogeochemical dynamics
Authors: Kaufman Matthew H. , Ghosh Ruby N. , Grate Jay , Shooltz Dean D. , Freeman Michael J. , Ball Terry M. , Loloee Reza , McIntire Charles W. , Wells Jackie , Strickland Chris , Vermeul Vince , Rod Kenton A. , Mackley Rob , Lin Xinming , Ren Huiying , Goldman Amy , Stegen James
Published: April 2022

Many river corridor systems frequently experience rapid variations in river stage height, hydraulic head gradients, and residence times. The integrated hydrology and biogeochemistry of such systems is challenging to study, particularly in their associated hyporheic zones. Here we present an automated system to facilitate 4-dimensional study of dynamic hyporheic zones. It is based on combining real-timein-situandex-situmeasurements from sensor/sampling locations distributed in 3-dimensions. A novel dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor was integrated into the system during a small scale study. We measured several biogeochemical and hydrologic parameters at three subsurface depths in the riverbed of the Columbia River in Washington State, USA, a dynamic hydropeaked river corridor system. During the study, episodes of significant DO variations (~+/- 4 mg/l) were observed, with minor variation in other parameters (e.g., <~+/-0.15 mg/l NO3). DO concentrations were related to hydraulic head gradients, showing both hysteretic and non-hysteretic relationships with abrupt (hours) transitions between the two types of relationships. The observed relationships provide a number of hypotheses related to the integrated hydrology and biogeochemistry of dynamic hyporheic zones. We suggest that preliminary high-frequency monitoring is advantageous in guiding the design of long term monitoring campaigns. The study also demonstrated the importance of measuring multiple parameters in parallel, where the DO sensor provided the key signal for identifying/detecting transient phenomena.
Song lines and soundtracks: Autoethnographic narratives across four generations
Authors: Littleton Danette
Published: April 2022

Music is personal. While self-reflection is common to performers, composers, teachers and researchers, there exists a musical dimension – the source of these experiences – wanting recognition. These experiences, I suggest, are the personal memories of one’s deep involvement with music. Reported here are rich narratives across four generations of women in my family. Each one demonstrates separate cultural identities and influences according to her musical heritage, religious traditions, upbringing and access to music at a given time, place and environment. Each one’s story reveals a profound sense of self-knowing, the ‘me-ness’ of lived experience through music. The autoethnographic data were inspired by close relationships with the women in my family and interest in the significance of music memories from childhood, youth and early adulthood. I propose that knowledge of our students’ musical memories provides a baseline for understanding their musical development and influences our curricular decisions.
COMPONENT COMPOSITION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL MELILOTUS OFFICI-NALIS (L.) PALL, GROWING IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Usmanova Nargiza Kudratullaevna , Bobakulov Khayrulla Mamadievich , Karimov Abdurashid Musakhonovich , Sasmakov Sobirjan Anarmatovich , Botirov Erkin Khozhiakbarovich , Asimova Shakhnoza Sadykovna , Abdullayev Nasrulla Dzhalilovich
Published: April 2022

The component composition of the essential oil (EO) from the air-dry and fresh aerial parts of the plant Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall growing on the territory of the Namangan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan during the flowering period has been studied. The GC-MS method identified 49 compounds in the EO from an air-dry plant, while 22 substances were found in the EO from a fresh plant, which is 98.0% and 99.2% of the total amount of EO, respectively.

The main components of EO, both air-dry and fresh aboveground parts, is coumarin, the content of which is 83.2% and 87.9%, respectively. EOs also contained alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, a small amount of monoterpenes and oxidized monoterpenes, etc. The antimicrobial activity of essential oil against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans was studied.
LIGNIN VALORIZATION PROBLEMS
Authors: Evstigneyev Eduard Ivanovich
Published: April 2022

The review considers two directions of lignin valorization: valorization of technical lignins, as such, without preliminary depolymerization, and valorization through monomeric compounds formed as a result of their selective destruction. The first area includes the production of lignin hydrogels, the use of lignin in medicine and pharmacology, 3D printing, as well as in the production of carbon fibers and biofuels. Lignin hydrogels are distinguished by a high sorption capacity with respect to heavy metals such as lead, iron and copper, which, depending on the content of acidic groups in lignin and the molar mass of sorbate, is ~ 25-50% of the mass of lignin, and therefore they can be used for the purification of waste waters of chemical enterprises. Lignin has high biological activity against various pathogens, including viruses, which makes research in this area very relevant, especially against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic. The use of lignin in some composites for 3D printing can increase the mechanical strength of finished products. The industrial implementation of the technology for the production of carbon fibers from lignin will ensure a twofold reduction in the mass of vehicles. The second direction of lignin valorization - hydrogenolysis and selective oxidation - allows one to obtain monomeric compounds with a yield close to the theoretical one. The economic aspects of valorization are also considered. In addition, based on a comparison of the results of valorization of coniferous and deciduous lignins, a hypothesis on the structure of native lignin was proposed.
AJUGA TURKESTANICA ALTERNATIVE SOURCE FOR EKDISTEN PRODUCTION
Authors: Mamatkhanov Akhmatkhon Umarkhanovich , Hajibaev Temurbek Atakhanovich , Khalilov Ravshanjon Muratjanovich
Published: April 2022

The process of ecdysteron extraction from the aerial part of Ajuga turkestanica was studied. On the basis research results established the following extraction conditions: extractant – 95% ethyl alcohol, the particle size of the raw material is 2–5 mm and the process temperature at 20–30 °C. Proposed fivefold ecdysteron extraction from the aerial part of Ajuga turkestanica. To remove hydrophobic impurities from the concentrated and water-diluted extract, proposed was a sequential treatment with extraction benzine and ethyl acetate. From the purified aqueous solution, ecdysteron is extracted with n-butanol. From a concentrated butanol solution, precipitation is recommended of iridoids from acetone. For chromatographic purification, the simultaneous use of aluminum oxide and silica gel in the ratio of the sum of ecdysteroids – sorbent 1 : 20. The quality as eluent mix selected propanol-2 – chloroform in a volumetric ratio of 1 : 3, and for crystallization a mixture of methanol with ethyl acetate in a volume ratio of 1 : 9. The technology has been developed for obtaining the ecdisten substance from the arial part of Ajuga turkestanica.