bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulsed Laser Porosification of Silicon Thin Films
Authors: Sämann Christian , Köhler Jürgen , Dahlinger Morris , Schubert Markus , Werner Jürgen
Published: June 2016

We present a new and simple laser-based process to porosify thin film silicon using a pulsed laser. During deposition, we incorporate gas atoms or molecules into the Si thin film. Pulsed laser radiation of wavelength λ = 532 nm heats up thin film Si beyond its melting point. Upon heating, gas atoms or molecules form nm-sized thermally expanding gas bubbles in the silicon melt, until they explosively exit the film, leaving pores behind. Rapid heating and fast cooling during pulsed laser processing enable re-solidification of the liquid Si before the created pores contract and pore closure occurs within the liquid phase. Optimized plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition or sputtering of amorphous Si thin films on stainless steel substrate incorporates the necessary concentration of gas atoms or molecules. We are able to tailor the pore size between 50 and 550 nm by changing laser pulse energy density and film deposition parameters. Evaporated silicon containing no gas atoms forms only a few very large μ m-sized gas bubbles due to laser-induced vapor formation of evaporated solid material at the substrate–silicon interface.
Experimental and Finite Element Investigations of Damage Resistance in Biomimetic Composite Sandwich T-Joints
Authors: Saeid Ali , Donaldson Steven
Published: June 2016

Composite sandwich structural joints, such as T-joints, are used in many different composite applications to transfers the load orthogonally between two sandwich elements. However, these joints connecting the sections can represent the weakest link in sandwich composite structures due to the lack of reinforcement in the out-of-plane direction. Therefore, this paper presents a new methodology for the design and analysis of composite sandwich T-joints using new biomimetic fabrication methods. The fabricated idea comes from biological fixed joints as an evolutionary alteration processes of trunk-branches of trees. It offers unique attributes to optimize the continuous fiber paths for minimum stress concentrations and multi-sandwich layers to increase the bending stiffness and strength. The focus is on how the biomimetic technique can improve sandwich T-joint structures by increasing their strength and load carrying capability without adding a significant weight penalty. The major attention is to investigate the comprehensive failure modes in the joint numerically and verified by experiments. Investigations were conducted on three different designs of biomimetic composite sandwich T-joints under tension and bending loads. The results show significant improvements to the ultimate load up to 68% in the case of bending load and 40% in the case of pull-off load in the biomimetic sandwich T-joints compared to the reference conventional T-joint design. The final failure was significantly deferred in both load status. The FE models provided important insights into the core failure and delamination of multi-interface biomimetic T-joints.
Tunable Emission Wavelength Stacked InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots by Chemical Beam Epitaxy for Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Ilahi Bouraoui , Zribi Jihene , Guillotte Maxime , Arès Richard , Aimez Vincent , Morris Denis
Published: June 2016

We report on Chemical Beam Epitaxy (CBE) growth of wavelength tunable InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QD) based superluminescent diode’s active layer suitable for Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT). The In-flush technique has been employed to fabricate QD with controllable heights, from 5 nm down to 2 nm, allowing a tunable emission band over 160 nm. The emission wavelength blueshift has been ensured by reducing both dots’ height and composition. A structure containing four vertically stacked height-engineered QDs have been fabricated, showing a room temperature broad emission band centered at 1.1 µm. The buried QD layers remain insensitive to the In-flush process of the subsequent layers, testifying the reliability of the process for broadband light sources required for high axial resolution OCT imaging.
Biochip for the Detection of Bacillus anthracis Lethal Factor and Therapeutic Agents against Anthrax Toxins
Authors: Silin Vitalii , Kasianowicz John , Michelman-Ribeiro Ariel , Panchal Rekha , Bavari Sina , Robertson Joseph
Published: June 2016

Tethered lipid bilayer membranes (tBLMs) have been used in many applications, including biosensing and membrane protein structure studies. This report describes a biosensor for anthrax toxins that was fabricated through the self-assembly of a tBLM with B. anthracis protective antigen ion channels that are both the recognition element and electrochemical transducer. We characterize the sensor and its properties with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance. The sensor shows a sensitivity similar to ELISA and can also be used to rapidly screen for molecules that bind to the toxins and potentially inhibit their lethal effects.
Kinetics of Iron Leaching from Kaolinitic Clay, Using Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Hernández-Hernández Román , Legorreta-García Felipe , Hernández-Cruz Leticia , Chavez-Urbiola Edgar , Salinas-Rodríguez Eleazar
Published: June 2016

Kaolin is important because it has many applications in the paper, paint-coating, functional filler, extender and pigment industries. This material needs to be bleached by iron leaching to be useful for these applications because this element can be the principal cause of its undesirable coloration. In this work, the kinetics of leaching of iron contained in kaolin clays from the community of Agua Blanca Iturbide, Hidalgo, Mexico, was studied. The leaching experiments were carried out using phosphoric acid as the reagent of leaching for the iron dissolution process. Temperature, acid concentration, and particle size were investigated to determine the most important kinetics parameters during iron leaching. It was determined that the rate of iron dissolution increases with increasing of phosphoric acid concentration, the temperature, and decreased particle size of clay. Data obtained showed that iron dissolution from kaolin clay is due to the diffusion of iron through the product layer. The results revealed that the activation energy of the process was 10.18 kJ·mol−1.
On Topological Indices of Certain Families of Nanostar Dendrimers
Authors: Husin Mohamad , Hasni Roslan , Arif Nabeel , Imran Muhammad
Published: June 2016

A topological index of graph G is a numerical parameter related to G which characterizes its molecular topology and is usually graph invariant. In the field of quantitative structure-activity (QSAR)/quantitative structure-activity structure-property (QSPR) research, theoretical properties of the chemical compounds and their molecular topological indices such as the Randić connectivity index, atom-bond connectivity (ABC) index and geometric-arithmetic (GA) index are used to predict the bioactivity of different chemical compounds. A dendrimer is an artificially manufactured or synthesized molecule built up from the branched units called monomers. In this paper, the fourth version of ABC index and the fifth version of GA index of certain families of nanostar dendrimers are investigated. We derive the analytical closed formulas for these families of nanostar dendrimers. The obtained results can be of use in molecular data mining, particularly in researching the uniqueness of tested (hyper-branched) molecular graphs.
Current Taxonomical Situation of Streptococcus suis
Authors: Okura Masatoshi , Osaki Makoto , Nomoto Ryohei , Arai Sakura , Osawa Ro , Sekizaki Tsutomu , Takamatsu Daisuke
Published: June 2016

Streptococcus suis, a major porcine pathogen and an important zoonotic agent, is considered to be composed of phenotypically and genetically diverse strains. However, recent studies reported several “S. suis-like strains” that were identified as S. suis by commonly used methods for the identification of this bacterium, but were regarded as distinct species from S. suis according to the standards of several taxonomic analyses. Furthermore, it has been suggested that some S. suis-like strains can be assigned to several novel species. In this review, we discuss the current taxonomical situation of S. suis with a focus on (1) the classification history of the taxon of S. suis; (2) S. suis-like strains revealed by taxonomic analyses; (3) methods for detecting and identifying this species, including a novel method that can distinguish S. suis isolates from S. suis-like strains; and (4) current topics on the reclassification of S. suis-like strains.
Degradation of Albumin on Plasma-Treated Polystyrene by Soft X-ray Exposure
Authors: Recek Nina , Primc Gregor , Vesel Alenka , Mozetic Miran , Avila José , Razado-Colambo Ivy , Asensio Maria
Published: June 2016

Thin films of human serum albumin (HSA) were immobilized on polystyrene (PS) substrates previously functionalized either with polar or nonpolar functional groups. The functionalization was performed by treatment with cold gaseous plasma created in pure oxygen and tetrafluoromethane (CF4) plasmas, respectively. Samples were examined with soft X-rays in the photon energy range of 520 to 710 eV in the ANTARES beam line at SOLEIL Synchrotron. NEXAFS spectra of O K-edge and F K-edge were collected at different spots of the sample, and measurements at each spot were repeated many times. A strong degradation of the HSA protein was observed. The weakly irradiated samples exhibited strong absorption at 531.5 eV associated with the O 1s→π*amide transitions, and a broad non distinctive peak at 540 eV was attributed to the O 1s→σ*C–O transitions. Both peaks decreased with increasing irradiation time until they were completely replaced by a broad non-distinctive peak at around 532 eV, indicating the destruction of the original protein conformation. The shortage of the amide groups indicated breakage of the peptide bonds.
Extracellular Matrix Proteome and Phosphoproteome of Potato Reveals Functionally Distinct and Diverse Canonical and Non-Canonical Proteoforms
Authors: Elagamey Eman , Narula Kanika , Sinha Arunima , Aggarwal Pooja , Ghosh Sudip , Chakraborty Niranjan , Chakraborty Subhra
Published: June 2016

The extracellular matrix (ECM) has a molecular machinery composed of diverse proteins and proteoforms that combine properties of tensile strength with extensibility exhibiting growth-regulatory functions and self- and non-self-recognition. The identification of ECM proteoforms is the prerequisite towards a comprehensive understanding of biological functions accomplished by the outermost layer of the cell. Regulatory mechanisms of protein functions rely on post-translational modifications, phosphorylation in particular, affecting enzymatic activity, interaction, localization and stability. To investigate the ECM proteoforms, we have isolated the cell wall proteome and phosphoproteome of a tuberous crop, potato (Solanum tuberosum). LC-MS/MS analysis led to the identification of 38 proteins and 35 phosphoproteins of known and unknown functions. The findings may provide a better understanding of biochemical machinery and the integrated protein and phosphoprotein network of ECM for future functional studies of different developmental pathways and guidance cues in mechanosensing and integrity signaling.
Understanding the Remodelling of Cell Walls during Brachypodium distachyon Grain Development through a Sub-Cellular Quantitative Proteomic Approach
Authors: Francin-Allami Mathilde , Lollier Virginie , Pavlovic Marija , San Clemente Hélène , Rogniaux Hélène , Jamet Elisabeth , Guillon Fabienne , Larré Colette
Published: June 2016

Brachypodium distachyon is a suitable plant model for studying temperate cereal crops, such as wheat, barley or rice, and helpful in the study of the grain cell wall. Indeed, the most abundant hemicelluloses that are in the B. distachyon cell wall of grain are (1-3)(1-4)-β-glucans and arabinoxylans, in a ratio similar to those of cereals such as barley or oat. Conversely, these cell walls contain few pectins and xyloglucans. Cell walls play an important role in grain physiology. The modifications of cell wall polysaccharides that occur during grain development and filling are key in the determination of the size and weight of the cereal grains. The mechanisms required for cell wall assembly and remodelling are poorly understood, especially in cereals. To provide a better understanding of these processes, we purified the cell wall at three developmental stages of the B. distachyon grain. The proteins were then extracted, and a quantitative and comparative LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to investigate the protein profile changes during grain development. Over 466 cell wall proteins (CWPs) were identified and classified according to their predicted functions. This work highlights the different proteome profiles that we could relate to the main phases of grain development and to the reorganization of cell wall polysaccharides that occurs during these different developmental stages. These results provide a good springboard to pursue functional validation to better understand the role of CWPs in the assembly and remodelling of the grain cell wall of cereals.
IDC Robocon: A Transnational Teaming Competition for Project-Based Design Education in Undergraduate Robotics
Authors: Tan Ning , Mohan Rajesh , Foong Shaohui , Yamakita Masaki , Iwase Masami , Hatakeyama Shoshiro , Kamamichi Norihiro , Song Libo , Wang You , Zhu Qiuguo
Published: June 2016

This paper presents a robot design competition called ‘IDC Robocon’ as an effective tool for engineering education. The International Design Contest (IDC) Robocon competition has several benefits in creating a meaningful design experience for undergraduate engineering students and includes an international flavour as participants of the competition hail from all around the world. The problem posed to the contestants is to design, build and test mobile robots that are capable of accomplishing a task. A primary goal of the competition is to provide undergraduates with a meaningful design experience with an emphasis on mechanical design, electronic circuits and programming. It is hoped that by placing the emphasis on the design, the course will encourage more undergraduates to go into the field of engineering design. This paper presents the latest 2015 IDC Robocon (the 26th edition) in detail and discusses course of events and results in terms of the educational experience. In this competition, a simulated space problem of cleaning the debris from orbit is proposed for the latest IDC Robocon competition. Teams, comprising of students from multiple countries work together to develop robotic systems to compete with each other in collecting the foam balls and delivering them to the rotating the holder.
Mapping Presence and Predicting Phenological Status of Invasive Buffelgrass in Southern Arizona Using MODIS, Climate and Citizen Science Observation Data
Authors: Wallace Cynthia , Walker Jessica , Skirvin Susan , Patrick-Birdwell Caroline , Weltzin Jake , Raichle Helen
Published: June 2016

The increasing spread and abundance of an invasive perennial grass, buffelgrass (Pennisetum ciliare), represents a critical threat to the native vegetation communities of the Sonoran desert in southern Arizona, USA, where buffelgrass eradication is a high priority for resource managers. Herbicidal treatment of buffelgrass is most effective when the vegetation is actively growing, but the remoteness of infestations and the erratic timing and length of the species’ growth periods confound effective treatment. The goal of our research is to promote buffelgrass management by using remote sensing data to detect where the invasive plants are located and when they are photosynthetically active. We integrated citizen scientist observations of buffelgrass phenology in the Tucson, Arizona area with PRISM precipitation data, eight-day composites of 250-m Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery, and aerially-mapped polygons of buffelgrass presence to understand dynamics and relationships between precipitation and the timing and amount of buffelgrass greenness from 2011 to 2013. Our results show that buffelgrass responds quickly to antecedent rainfall: in pixels containing buffelgrass, higher correlations (R2 > 0.5) typically occur after two cumulative eight-day periods of rain, whereas in pixels dominated by native vegetation, four prior 8-day periods are required to reach that threshold. Using the new suite of phenometrics introduced here—Climate Landscape Response metrics—we accurately predicted the location of 49% to 55% of buffelgrass patches in Saguaro National Park. These metrics and the suggested guidelines for their use can be employed by resource managers to treat buffelgrass during optimal time periods.
Assessment of Several Empirical Relationships for Deriving Daily Means of UV-A Irradiance from Meteosat-Based Estimates of the Total Irradiance
Authors: Aculinin Alexandr , Brogniez Colette , Bengulescu Marc , Gillotay Didier , Auriol Frédérique , Wald Lucien
Published: June 2016

Daily estimates of the solar UV-A radiation (315–400 nm) at the surface, anywhere, anytime, are needed in many epidemiology studies. Satellite-derived databases of solar total irradiance, combined with empirical relationships converting totals into daily means of UV-A irradiance I U V , are a means to satisfy such needs. Four empirical relationships are applied to three different databases: HelioClim-3 (versions 4 and 5) and CAMS Radiation Service—formerly known as MACC-RAD—derived from Meteosat images. The results of these combinations are compared to ground-based measurements located in mid-latitude Europe, mostly in Belgium. Whatever the database, the relationships of Podstawczynska (2010) and of Bilbao et al. (2011) exhibit very large underestimation and RMSE on the order of 40%–50% of the mean I U V . Better and more acceptable results are attained with the relationships proposed by Zavodska and Reichrt (1985) and that of Wald (2012). The relative RMSE is still large and in the range 10%–30% of the mean I U V . The correlation coefficients are large for all relationships. Each of them captures most of the variability contained in the UV measurements and can be used in studies where correlation plays a major role.
Subsidence Monitoring over the Southern Coalfield, Australia Using both L-Band and C-Band SAR Time Series Analysis
Authors: Du Zheyuan , Ge Linlin , Li Xiaojing , Ng Alex
Published: June 2016

Land subsidence is a global issue and researchers from all over the world are keen to know the causes of deformation and its further influences. This paper reports the findings from time series InSAR (TS-InSAR) results over the Southern Coalfield, Australia using both ALOS-1 PALSAR (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) and ENVISAT ASAR (Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar) datasets. TS-InSAR has been applied to both rural and urban areas with great success, but very few of them have been applied to regions affected by underground mining activities. The TS-InSAR analysis exploited in this paper is based on GEOS-ATSA, and Measurement Point (MP) pixels are selected according to different geophysical features. Three experiment sites with different geological settings within the study zone are analysed: (1) Wollongong city, which is a relatively stable area; (2) Tahmoor town, a small town affected by underground mining activities; and (3) the Appin underground mining site, a region containing multiple underground mining activities. The TS-InSAR results show that the performance of both C-band and L-band is equally good over Wollongong, where the subsidence gradient is not significant and most subsidence rates are between −10 mm∙yr−1 to 10 mm∙yr−1. However, over the Tahmoor and Appin sites, difference in performances has been observed. Since the maximum displacement gradients that can be detected are different for L-band and C-band-based TS-InSAR methods, some rapid changes could cause the TS-InSAR to fail to estimate the correct displacements. It is well known that L-band can perform better than C-band, especially in underground mining regions and mining-affected regions where the deformation rate is much higher than city areas because of its wavelength. Statistical analyses are also conducted to further prove the above statement.
Semantic Registration and Discovery System of Subsystems and Services within an Interoperable Coordination Platform in Smart Cities
Authors: Rubio Gregorio , Martínez José , Gómez David , Li Xin
Published: June 2016

Smart subsystems like traffic, Smart Homes, the Smart Grid, outdoor lighting, etc. are built in many urban areas, each with a set of services that are offered to citizens. These subsystems are managed by self-contained embedded systems. However, coordination and cooperation between them are scarce. An integration of these systems which truly represents a “system of systems” could introduce more benefits, such as allowing the development of new applications and collective optimization. The integration should allow maximum reusability of available services provided by entities (e.g., sensors or Wireless Sensor Networks). Thus, it is of major importance to facilitate the discovery and registration of available services and subsystems in an integrated way. Therefore, an ontology-based and automatic system for subsystem and service registration and discovery is presented. Using this proposed system, heterogeneous subsystems and services could be registered and discovered in a dynamic manner with additional semantic annotations. In this way, users are able to build customized applications across different subsystems by using available services. The proposed system has been fully implemented and a case study is presented to show the usefulness of the proposed method.
DARAL: A Dynamic and Adaptive Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Estévez Francisco , Glösekötter Peter , González Jesús
Published: June 2016

The evolution of Smart City projects is pushing researchers and companies to develop more efficient embedded hardware and also more efficient communication technologies. These communication technologies are the focus of this work, presenting a new routing algorithm based on dynamically-allocated sub-networks and node roles. Among these features, our algorithm presents a fast set-up time, a reduced overhead and a hierarchical organization, which allows for the application of complex management techniques. This work presents a routing algorithm based on a dynamically-allocated hierarchical clustering, which uses the link quality indicator as a reference parameter, maximizing the network coverage and minimizing the control message overhead and the convergence time. The present work based its test scenario and analysis in the density measure, considered as a node degree. The routing algorithm is compared with some of the most well known routing algorithms for different scenario densities.
A Real-Time Orbit Determination Method for Smooth Transition from Optical Tracking to Laser Ranging of Debris
Authors: Li Bin , Sang Jizhang , Zhang Zhongping
Published: June 2016

A critical requirement to achieve high efficiency of debris laser tracking is to have sufficiently accurate orbit predictions (OP) in both the pointing direction (better than 20 arc seconds) and distance from the tracking station to the debris objects, with the former more important than the latter because of the narrow laser beam. When the two line element (TLE) is used to provide the orbit predictions, the resultant pointing errors are usually on the order of tens to hundreds of arc seconds. In practice, therefore, angular observations of debris objects are first collected using an optical tracking sensor, and then used to guide the laser beam pointing to the objects. The manual guidance may cause interrupts to the laser tracking, and consequently loss of valuable laser tracking data. This paper presents a real-time orbit determination (OD) and prediction method to realize smooth and efficient debris laser tracking. The method uses TLE-computed positions and angles over a short-arc of less than 2 min as observations in an OD process where simplified force models are considered. After the OD convergence, the OP is performed from the last observation epoch to the end of the tracking pass. Simulation and real tracking data processing results show that the pointing prediction errors are usually less than 10″, and the distance errors less than 100 m, therefore, the prediction accuracy is sufficient for the blind laser tracking.
Comparison of Metal-Backed Free-Space and Open-Ended Coaxial Probe Techniques for the Dielectric Characterization of Aeronautical Composites
Authors: López-Rodríguez Patricia , Escot-Bocanegra David , Poyatos-Martínez David , Weinmann Frank
Published: June 2016

The trend in the last few decades is that current unmanned aerial vehicles are completely made of composite materials rather than metallic, such as carbon-fiber or fiberglass composites. From the electromagnetic point of view, this fact forces engineers and scientists to assess how these materials may affect their radar response or their electronics in terms of electromagnetic compatibility. In order to evaluate this, electromagnetic characterization of different composite materials has become a need. Several techniques exist to perform this characterization, all of them based on the utilization of different sensors for measuring different parameters. In this paper, an implementation of the metal-backed free-space technique, based on the employment of antenna probes, is utilized for the characterization of composite materials that belong to an actual drone. Their extracted properties are compared with those given by a commercial solution, an open-ended coaxial probe (OECP). The discrepancies found between both techniques along with a further evaluation of the methodologies, including measurements with a split-cavity resonator, conclude that the implemented free-space technique provides more reliable results for this kind of composites than the OECP technique.
Three New Classes of Solvable N-Body Problems of Goldfish Type with Many Arbitrary Coupling Constants
Authors: Calogero Francesco
Published: June 2016

Three new classes of N-body problems of goldfish type are identified, with N an arbitrary positive integer ( N ≥ 2 ). These models are characterized by nonlinear Newtonian (“accelerations equal forces”) equations of motion describing N equal point-particles moving in the complex z-plane. These highly nonlinear equations feature many arbitrary coupling constants, yet they can be solved by algebraic operations. Some of these N-body problems are isochronous, their generic solutions being all completely periodic with an overall period T independent of the initial data (but quite a few of these solutions are actually periodic with smaller periods T / p with p a positive integer); other models are isochronous for an open region of initial data, while the motions for other initial data are not periodic, featuring instead scattering phenomena with some of the particles incoming from, or escaping to, infinity in the remote past or future.
Les passages dans la littérature d’expression fantastique en Amérique latine
Authors: Louyer Audrey
Published: June 2016

Les approches de cet objet littéraire difficilement identifiable qu’est le fantastique en Amérique latine sont nombreuses, mais pas toujours pleinement convaincantes. Depuis ses origines européennes jusqu’à ses manifestations les plus récentes, il est parfois difficile de trouver des points de convergence d’un texte à un autre, bien que le même sentiment d’«  inquiétante étrangeté » soit perceptible. Il s’agit alors de réfléchir à la conception du « passage » comme outil d’analyse des textes fantastiques, tant du point de vue des motifs choisis, que des passages structurels qui forment l’armature d’une nouvelle. Ce sont alors les diverses formes de ce passage, reposant sur une dynamique particulière du texte, qui créent l’effet fantastique. Ce travail propose des exemples tirés d’un vaste corpus allant des auteurs péruviens du début du XXe siècle aux auteurs mexicains contemporains, sans oublier les écrivains du Río de la Plata, chers à Rémi Le Marc’hadour, au travail duquel nous souhaitons rendre hommage.
El viaje como pasaje: movilidad y defensa de lugar en The Falling Sky de Davi Kopenawa
Authors: Elguera Christian
Published: June 2016

The Falling Sky, publicado en 2010, es el testimonio de vida del chamán yanomami Davi Kopenawa, una de las principales figuras en la lucha por los derechos indígenas en Brasil. En este trabajo me concentro en el recuento de sus viajes hacia Londres, Paris y Nueva York. Para mí lo crucial de esta travesía es la defensa del lugar. Kopewana viaja para denunciar y criticar las muertes yanomanis y el daño a su tierra, causados por el sistema político estatal y la economía capitalista. Así, propongo leer estos viajes no solo como “movilidad” física, sino también epistémica y ontológica. El viaje es un pasaje a través del cual Kopenawa introduce otra concepción de política en el mundo globalizado, demostrando la creatividad y potencia de la agencia indígena en la lucha por la autonomía de su territorio. En este ensayo analizaré las estrategias y razones de esta movilidad, según un enfoque político y cosmológico. A partir del pensamiento de Gilles Deleuze y Félix Guattari (1987) abordaré el concepto de movilidad; el trabajo de Arturo Escobar (2004) servirá para exponer lo que entiendo por defensa de lugar, y finalmente las investigaciones de Eduardo Viveiros de Castro (2002, 2006, 2010, 2015) me permitirán explicar mi abordaje a la cosmopolítica yanomami.
Représentations et pratiques sociales autour du temps chez les descendants des Marrons du Surinam de la vallée du Maroni en Guyane française
Authors: Moomou Jean
Published: June 2016

Cet article s’intéresse à la question de la temporalité chez les Marrons de la vallée du Maroni-Lawa, fleuve-frontière entre la République du Suriname et le département de la Guyane française. Il s’agit de présenter, par une analyse, tout à fait empirique et objective la manière de penser et de vivre le temps ; d’en montrer quelques singularités, notamment dans le fait que les aspects du temps interfèrent dans leur stratégie de vie et dans quelle mesure cette étude sur la temporalité peut-il être une source pour les chercheurs en sciences humaines, en littérature d’accéder à la manière des Marrons de dire leur rapport à l’au-delà, l’histoire, le vécu du groupe, des clans, des familles et des individus qui le composent ainsi qu’à leur imaginaire ?
Entre les máquinas y las ideas : un análisis de dos cuentos quiroguianos
Authors: Villamizar Gina
Published: June 2016

Horacio Quiroga (1878-1937) fue uno de los primeros escritores de la tradición literaria latinoamericana en establecer un diálogo productivo entre la influencia de las nuevas tecnologías y su actividad artística. Es por esto que este artículo se propone, por un lado, demostrar cómo la mediación tecnológica en el acto de escritura quiroguiana revela una experiencia traumática con la modernidad de las dos primeras décadas del siglo XX. Por el otro, este trabajo busca exponer cómo este contacto le permite al autor innovar y restructurar sus procedimientos de creación a partir de la incorporación de la visualidad tecnológica.
Avaliação rápida da integridade ecológica em riachos urbanos na bacia do rio Corumbá no Centro-Oeste do Brasil
Authors: Cordeiro Giovanna Gomes , Guedes Nathália De Macêdo , Kisaka Tiago Borges , Nardoto Gabriela Bielefeld
Published: June 2016

A urbanização tem ocasionado o lançamento de volumes significativos de efluentes domésticos parcialmente tratados nos corpos hídricos brasileiros causando diversos prejuízos ecológicos para estes ecossistemas. Para avaliar a integridade ecológica de riachos na região de Cerrado do Brasil Central foram selecionados quatro pontos de coleta, considerando o nível de influência antrópica ao qual estão submetidos. Foram analisados parâmetros físicos e químicos da água, o uso da paisagem e a comunidade de macroinvetebrados bentônicos. As coletas foram realizadas em julho de 2015 e foram mensuradas “in situ” as variáveis condutividade elétrica, temperatura da água, pH, oxigênio dissolvido, turbidez, largura e comprimento do riacho e velocidade da correnteza. Em seguida, foram coletadas amostras para o seston, perifíton, macroinvertebrados bentônicos e sedimento depositado. O ponto “Referência” apresentou menor abundância de larvas de Chironomus (Chironomidae: Diptera) e maior riqueza taxonômica, além de maior abundância dos grupos taxonômicos Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera e Trichoptera, mostrando ser o sistema mais íntegro dentre os analisados. A sub-bacia delimitada a partir desse ponto mostrou uma maior porcentagem de áreas com vegetação nativa (51%). Os pontos com presença de efluentes domésticos (“ETE” e “Jusante”) por sua vez, apresentaram valores mais elevados de condutividade elétrica, turbidez, maior abundância de larvas de Chironomus e menor riqueza de táxons, mostrando elevado impacto em função das atividades antrópicas. A avaliação rápida realizada com a composição da comunidade bentônica e as variáveis físicas e químicas da água foi suficiente na identificação das alterações na integridade ecológica causadas pela influência antrópica na bacia hidrográfica do rio Corumbá.
Efeito do dióxido de carbono e da radiação solar na biomassa algal produzida em fotobiorreator laminar
Authors: Ferreira Tiago Borges , Fernández Jesús , Fernandes André Luís Teixeira
Published: June 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo mensurar a influência do fornecimento artificial de CO2 e da variação da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa na biomassa algal em um fotobiorreator laminar. Utilizou-se para tanto, avaliações de produção e concentração de nitrogênio e fósforo na biomassa coletada semanalmente em cada uma das 36 subdivisões do sistema. Além disso, se determinou, por meio de cálculos baseados na produtividade, os intervalos de eficiências produtiva e energética. O fornecimento artificial de CO2 influenciou a produção de biomassa, incrementando a produtividade de 3,9 a 27,0%. A radiação fotossinteticamente ativa manteve estreita relação com a produção de biomassa, com variação de até 60,5%, produzindo entre 1,42 e 2,28 g m-2 d-1. A concentração de nitrogênio na biomassa não foi influenciada por nenhum dos fatores avaliados, porém o fósforo sofreu influência de ambos os fatores. As eficiências produtiva e energética tiveram as mesmas influências, variando de 0,28 a 0,44 g mol-1 e 2,12 a 3,34%, respectivamente.
Crescimento e trocas gasosas de genótipos de feijão-caupi sob estratégias de cultivo
Authors: Silva Aldemir Da , Brito Marcos Eric Barbosa , Frade Luciano Jonatas Gomes , Nobre Reginaldo Gomes , Costa Franciscleudo Bezerra da , Melo Alberto Soares de , Silva Luderlândio De Andrade
Published: June 2016

O feijão-caupi tem grande importância econômica, alimentar e social. No Nordeste brasileiro, notadamente nas regiões semiáridas, sua produção é limitada pelo déficit hídrico, sendo necessário identificar genótipos tolerantes atrelados ao uso de tecnologias em seu cultivo. Com isto, objetivou-se avaliar o rendimento de fitomassa e as trocas gasosas de genótipos de feijão-caupi cultivados em diferentes técnicas de conservação de água. O experimento foi realizado em campo, no município de Pombal, na Paraíba, estudando-se quatro técnicas de retenção de água in situ (camalhão, sulco, bacia e sistema convencional) e seis genótipos de feijão-caupi (1. Costela de Vaca, 2. BRS Itaim, 3. BRS Guariba, 4. BR-17 Gurguéia, 5. BRS Potengi e 6. BRS Aracé) semeados no espaçamento de 0,5 m x 0,5 m, usando o delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. Os dados das estimativas do rendimento de fitomassa seca e das trocas gasosas das plantas foram submetidos à análise de variância, ao teste F, seguido de testes de comparação de médias, teste de Tukey. O cultivo em sulcos e em camalhão deram melhor resultados do que o sistema convencional de plantio e em bacia. As variedades BRS - Potengi, BRS - Aracé e BRS - Guariba tiveram melhor crescimento e trocas gasosas das plantas.
Feature Specific Attention and Return of Fear after Extinction
Authors: Barry Tom J. , Vervliet Bram , Hermans Dirk
Published: June 2016

Anxiety disorders are often treated by repeatedly presenting stimuli that are perceptually similar to original stimuli to which fear was originally acquired. Fear can return after it is extinguished because of the differences between these stimuli. It may possible to attenuate return of fear by manipulating attention to the commonalities between feared stimuli and extinction stimuli. After acquiring fear for an animal-like stimulus by pairing with an electro-cutaneous shock, fear was extinguished by repeatedly presenting a similar stimulus. During extinction participants were asked questions that instructed them to attend towards the features in common between the acquisition and extinction stimulus or towards the unique features of the extinction stimulus. Return of fear was assessed by presenting a second perceptually similar stimulus after extinction. Participants showed a return in skin conductance responding after extinction in the unique condition, and not in the common condition. Both groups showed a return in self-report ratings of US expectancy. Neither group showed a return in fear potentiated startle, but there was evidence that this may have been due to individual differences in emotional attentional control. Our conclusions are limited by the use of a self-report measure of emotional attentional control and the absence of limits on the length of time participants could take to answer the extinction questions. It may be possible to enhance extinction and prevent a return of the physiological aspects of fear by manipulating attention during extinction. However, this does not appear to influence explicit expectancy of aversive outcomes. Individual differences in attentional control may influence this process.
A Lab Model for Symptom Exaggeration: What do we Need?
Authors: Niesten Isabella J. M. , Merckelbach Harald , Van Impelen Alfons , Jelicic Marko , Manderson Angel , Cheng Minyi
Published: June 2016

This article reflects on the current state of the art in research on individuals who exaggerate their symptoms (i.e., feigning). We argue that the most commonly used approach in this field, namely simply providing research participants with instructions to overreport symptoms, is valuable for validating measures that tap into symptom exaggeration, but is less suitable for addressing the theoretical foundations of feigning. That is, feigning serves to actively mislead others and is done deliberately. These characteristics produce experiences (e.g., feelings of guilt) in individuals who feign that lab research in its current form is unable to accommodate for. Paradigms that take these factors into account may not only yield more ecologically valid data, but may also stimulate a shift from the study of how to detect feigning to more fundamental issues. One such issue is the cognitive dissonance (e.g., feelings of guilt) that – in some cases – accompanies feigning and that may foster internalized fabrications. We present three studies (N's = 78, 60, and 54) in which we tried to abate current issues and discuss their merits for future research.
A Preliminary Evaluation of a Home-based, Computer-delivered Attention Training Treatment for Anxious Children Living in Regional Communities
Authors: Waters Allison M. , Zimmer-Gembeck Melanie J. , Craske Michelle G. , Pine Daniel S. , Bradley Brendan P. , Mogg Karin
Published: June 2016

Many children with anxiety disorders live in communities with limited access to treatment. Attention bias modification training, a promising computer-based treatment for anxiety disorders, may provide a readily accessible treatment. Recent evidence suggests that a form of ABMT combining visual-search for positive stimuli with features to enhance learning, memory and treatment engagement reduces anxiety in children. The present study builds upon this research by comparing parent-implemented, visual-search attention training to positive stimuli (ATP) (N = 22) with a waitlist control group (WLC) (N = 19) in children living in regional communities. Diagnostic, parent- and child-reports of anxiety and depressive symptoms and broad internalizing and externalizing behaviour problems were assessed pre- and post-condition. Children in the WLC completed visual-search ATP after the wait period and all participants completed a follow-up assessment six-months after treatment. At post-treatment/wait period, children in the ATP condition showed greater improvements on clinician- and parent-report measures compared to children in the WLC. Similar post-treatment outcomes as those found for the ATP condition were observed at the six-month follow-up after all children had received ATP. Moreover, children who showed greater verbalization of explicit attention strategies related to positive search (assessed during treatment) achieved greater reductions in anxiety severity at post-treatment and six-month follow-up. Attention training towards positive stimuli using enhanced visual-search procedures appears to be a promising treatment for reaching anxious children living in regional communities.
A Cognitive Model of Psychological Resilience
Authors: Parsons Sam , Kruijt Anne-Wil , Fox Elaine
Published: June 2016

Resilience is considered to be the process by which individuals demonstrate more positive outcomes than would be expected, given the nature of the adversity experienced. We propose that a cognitive approach has the potential to guide studies investigating the relationships between adversity, stress, and resilience. We outline a preliminary cognitive model of resilience in order to facilitate the application of cognitive approaches to the investigation of resilience in the face of adversity. We argue that the situationally appropriate application of flexibility or rigidity in affective-cognitive systems is a key element in promoting resilient responses. We propose that this mapping of cognitive processing can be conceptualised as being undertaken by an overarching mapping system, which serves to integrate information from a variety of sources, including the current situation, prior experience, as well as more conscious and goal-driven processes. We propose that a well-functioning mapping system is an integral part of the cognitive basis for resilience to adversity. Our preliminary model is intended to provide an initial theoretical framework to guide research on the development of cognitive functions that are considered to be important in the resilience process.
The Neurobiology of Dispositional Negativity and Attentional Biases to Threat: Implications for Understanding Anxiety Disorders in Adults and Youth
Authors: Shackman Alexander J. , Stockbridge Melissa D. , Tillman Rachael M. , Kaplan Claire M. , Tromp Do P. M. , Fox Andrew S. , Gamer Matthias
Published: June 2016

When extreme, anxiety can become debilitating. Anxiety disorders, which often first emerge early in development, are common and challenging to treat, yet the neurocognitive mechanisms that confer increased risk have only recently started to come into focus. Here we review recent work highlighting the importance of neural circuits centered on the amygdala. We begin by describing dispositional negativity, a core dimension of childhood temperament and adult personality and an important risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders and other kinds of stress-sensitive psychopathology. Converging lines of epidemiological, neurophysiological, and mechanistic evidence indicate that the amygdala supports stable individual differences in dispositional negativity across the lifespan and contributes to the etiology of anxiety disorders in adults and youth. Hyper-vigilance and attentional biases to threat are prominent features of the anxious phenotype and there is growing evidence that they contribute to the development of psychopathology. Anatomical studies show that the amygdala is a hub, poised to govern attention to threat via projections to sensory cortex and ascending neuromodulator systems. Imaging and lesion studies demonstrate that the amygdala plays a key role in selecting and prioritizing the processing of threat-related cues. Collectively, these observations provide a neurobiologically-grounded framework for understanding the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders in adults and youth and set the stage for developing improved intervention strategies.
Dealing with Rejection: Post-Event Processing in Social Anxiety and Paranoia
Authors: Piccirillo Marilyn L. , Heimberg Richard G.
Published: June 2016

Social anxiety and paranoia both involve a ‘fear of others’ and often co-occur. Post-event processing (PEP), the mental replaying of social events after their conclusion, may be related to both psychological states, although there has been little test of this premise for paranoia. This study examined PEP after social exclusion as a function of social anxiety and paranoia and the potential moderating role of state anger at three time-points. PEP predicted PEP at later time-points, social anxiety and paranoia predicted greater engagement in PEP, and paranoia amplified levels of PEP at higher levels of social anxiety. State anger moderated the relationship between paranoia and PEP, but not between social anxiety and PEP. These results corroborate the transdiagnostic nature of PEP and underscore the co-occurring relationship of paranoia and social anxiety. Future research is necessary to elucidate shared mechanisms between social anxiety and paranoia to advance models, treatments, and prevention efforts.
Controlling the Bias: Inhibitory Attentional Control Moderates the Association between Social Anxiety and Selective Attentional Responding to Negative Social Information in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Grafton Ben , Visu-Petra Laura , Marcuş Oana , Liebregts Heather , MacLeod Colin
Published: June 2016

Previous findings suggest that some children and adolescents characterised by elevated social anxiety vulnerability attempt to regulate its debilitating consequences through attentional avoidance of negative social information. To date, however, the dimension of cognitive variability that enables the effective execution of this emotionally beneficial attentional strategy remains unknown. In the current study, we tested the hypothesis that the capacity to effectively attentionally avoid negative social information will be more evident in children and adolescents who exhibit higher levels of inhibitory attentional control, relative to those who display lower levels of inhibitory attentional control. Specifically, we recruited 115 children (aged 11 – 14 years old) from two public schools in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, who varied widely in terms of their social anxiety vulnerability, as assessed by the Social Phobia subscale of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale. These children completed a novel attentional assessment task designed to provide measures of both inhibitory attentional control, and attentional bias to negative social information. In keeping with the hypothesis under test, our present findings show that the association between social anxiety vulnerability and attentional avoidance of negative social information was indeed more evident in socially anxious children and adolescents with higher levels of inhibitory attentional control. We discuss ways in which future investigators could build upon the present findings to further shed light on the cognitive factors that contribute to vulnerability and resistance to developing social anxiety.