bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiments on the Control of "Damping off" in Tobacco Nurseries
Authors:   Government Mycologist in Charge Coimbatore, M KANDASWAMI , P GOVINDA RAO ,   Government Mycologist in Charge Coimbatore
Published: November 2023

Tobacco is an important money crop in South India especially in the Madras and Andra States. It is extensively cultivated in Nellore, Guntur, Krishna, West and East Godavari districts of Andhra State and occupies an area of more than one hundred thousand acres. Extensive areas of nurseries under the Virginian variety of tobacco are raised in the sandy belt from Bapatla to Kotha- patnam (Coastal tract of the Guntur district) and in the black soil areas of Repalle, Guntur, Sattanapalle and Narasaraopet in the Guntur district to meet the requirements of seedlings for planting the above area. The chief limiting factor in the raising of nurseries was found to be the "damping off" disease of seedlings. This disease has been reported from most of the tobacco growing countries of the world. Several species of Pythium and Rhizoctonia solani have been shown to be associated with the "damping off" of seedlings. P. aphanidermatum (Eds.) Fitz. is the causal agent in India (Thomas 1943) and also in South Africa (Wager 1931, 1940), China (Yu 1934, Yu et al 1945), Gold Coast (Bunting and Dade 1924; Simond 1939). P. aphanidermatum has been found to be. widely prevalent in all types of soils in the tobacco growing areas in the Madras State (undivided). Diseased seedlings collected from nurseries raised in sandy as well as black soil tracts in the important nursery areas showed the presence of P. aphanidermatum.
A Soil Profile Containing Abnormally High Phosphoric Acid
Authors:   Agricultural  Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, M DAMODARAN NAMBIAR
Published: November 2023

During the soil survey of Tanjore district, it was noted that the soil profile taken in the village of Pattiswaran contained an abnormally high amount of phosphoric acid. A detailed investigation was carried out to find out the nature and cause of this unusual phenomenon. Pattiswaram is situated about three miles south-west of Kumbakonam, A rapid test for phosphoric acid in the surface soils of the village was conducted with the Purdue kit and it was noticed that the soils with high phosphorus content are located round about the hamlet of Injaladi.
A New Angle on Trichy Phosphatic Nodules
Authors:   Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, A MARIAKULANDAI , S VENKATACHALAM ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, M.R BALAKRISHNAN ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: November 2023

Attempts have been made since 1892, both in this Institute and elsewhere, to convert the rich phosphatic material available as nodules in the Tiruchirapalli district of the Madras State into a readily available phosphatic fertilizer. The high con- tent of lime (calcium carbonate) present in the raw material mitigated against its conversion into superphosphate by the usual sulphuric acid treatment. Consequently, the material, inspite of its high total P₂O5 content (25 to 30%), remained unexploited for use as a fertilizer.
Manuring of Sugarcane in Malwa
Authors:   Institute of Plant Industry Indore, SINGH SARDAR
Published: November 2023

Madhya Bharat is situated in the centre of the Indian Union extending over an area of 47,000 square miles. The central part of this State is called Malwa Plateau situated at a height of 1,200 to 1,800 ft. above sea level. It consists of black cotton soils varying in depths from 1 to 6 feet and receives an annual rainfall of about 30 inches. On account of its high moisture- retaining capacity, the main crops of wheat, cotton, groundnut and jowar (sorghum) etc., are grown under rainfed conditions while sugarcane and other garden crops are cultivated on irrigated lands. The total area under sugarcane is about 55 thousand acres representing about 14% of the irrigated area of the State. The yields of indigenous cane varieties were only 10 to 12 tons per acre, but as a result of evolution of improved hybrid canes developed at the Central Sugarcane Research Institute at Coimbatore, the yields have increased by about 200 to 400%, but still it is not equal to the other sugarcane-growing areas of the country such as U. P., Bihar and Madras etc.
Effect of indirect manuring on the yield of broadcast Rice in Malabar
Authors:   Paddy Section, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, P.C SAHADEVAN , T KALYANIKUTTY ,   Paddy Section, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore
Published: November 2023

In Malabar for autumn rice, occupying about three lakh acres in double-crop lands, broadcast sowing is the rule in more than 75 per cent of the area. Preparation of the land begins immediately after the harvest of second-crop paddy in January and repeated ploughings are given with the receipt of every summer shower thereafter. The soil is thus brought into a fine tilth before the seeds are sown in April-May, following a soaking rain. This practice precludes raising of a green manure crop on the lands. Other bulky organic manures are also not applied usually, for fear of wash of the added manurial ingredients in the torrential rains of the South-West monsoon. The good tilth that is produced by bringing the soil into a fine state of division by a scrupulous attention to preparatory cultivation, brings in a normal yield, provided the distribution of pre-monsoon showers remains normal. Increased yields are also obtained by top dressing with ammonium sulphate; this practice having come into vogue in recent times.
Rhizome Rot and Wilt of Ginger and their Control
Authors:   Assitant Mycology, N.V SUNDARAM
Published: November 2023

Ginger is cultivated on a large scale in Malabar and Godavari districts, the area under this crop being over 12,250 acres. In recent years the price of ginger has risen to such a degree that this crop has assumed great importance. Several diseases affect this crop but the most serious one is the wilt and the rhizome rot caused by more than one species of Pythium and Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. The disease affects the harvested rhizomes stored for seed purposes as well as plants in the field. A storage rot occurs in the former and the wilting of the shoots followed by rotting of connected rhizomes is prevalent under field conditions. This disease has been under study by various investigators in many countries (Parham 1935, McRae 1911, Sen 1930, Uppal 1940). Four species of Pythium viz. P. aphanidermatum, P. myriotylum, P. vexans and P. gramini- colum have been found to be capable of causing infection.
Nitrogen in Paddy Soils
Authors:   Plant PHysiologist, Agricultural Research Institute, Coimbatore- 641 003., T.R NARAYANAN
Published: November 2023

Green manures are perhaps the most self-supporting manures in the tropics and are often claimed to be quite as effecient as Ammonium sulphate in rice production. This is of course, not surprising, seeing that they contain nearly 3-4% of nitrogen on dry weight basis, and a carbon/nitrogen ratio of about 10. The leafy portion in green manures is naturally richer in nitrogen content than the stems and the decomposition may be noted in two stages, with the leaves figuring in the first stage and stems in the second. Thus green manures serve as a mixture of a quickly efficacious, concentrated nitrogenous fertiliser similar to ammonium sulphate and a more slowly-acting manure similar to compost or cattle manure.
Seed Treatment against Black Arm Discase of Cotton
Authors:   Mycology Section,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, M KANDASWAMY , C.L SUBRAMANIAN ,   Mycology Section,Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003
Published: November 2023

Black arm or angular leaf spot or bacterial blight of cotton caused by Xanthomonas malvacearum (Smith) Dowson, has been prevalent in the Madras Stato for over thirty years (Ramakrishnan 1950). Primary infection is mainly through the seeds. Rain combined with heavy winds (rainstorms) helps in the spread of the disease (Andrews 1936, Brown 1941). Control of primary infection of black arm by seed treatment has been attempted in soveral countries with varying dogroes of success. Seed disinfection with formalin (1: 100) has boon found to be vory effective in the U.S.S.R. (Verdorovski 1937). Ceresan materially increased the seedling emergence and yield of cotton in various localities in Toxas, at the same time reducing the incidence of angular leaf spot (Smith et al. 1936). Massey. (1937) has found that the use of mercurial dusts like Abavit B, ethyl mercury phosphate, ethyl mercury iodide, phenyl mercury acetate and sovoral others gave satisfactory control of black arm in Africa. Seed treatment with mercuric iodide had resulted in the control of black arm in the Sudan (Clouston and Andrews 1938). Macdonald et al (1947) have stated that delinting with sulphuric acid and the removal of floaters have resulted not only in the reduction of primary infection of black arm but also improved the germination and vigour of the seedlings. Ramakrishnan (1950) usod formalin as steep and dust, Ceresan and Agrosan GN as seed dressings and observed that all these gave protection from primary infection. Tarr (1953 a, b, c) after the use of several seed dressing agents found that mercuric iodido gave botter protection as a steep than as a dry dressing. Tarr has further observed that slurry methods were most effective when applied to acid delinted seeds and that soluble organomercury compounds were preferable for slurry methods. Acid delinted seeds wore much more susceptible to mercury injury than fuzzy ones. Cuprous oxide was also found to be a promising seed dressing for the control of black arm. (Tarr 1953 a).
Recent Developments in the Chemical Method of Pest Control
Authors:   Assitant Lecture in Entomology,Agricultural  Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, K.R NAGARAJA RAO
Published: November 2023

It is a well-known fact that on an average about ten percent of the produce is lost by the cultivators every year due to depredations of crop pests. Intensive research has beon in progress in the Madras State for the past four decades on insecticidal methods of pest control. Based on the results obtained so far, an attempt is made in this paper to give an account of the pesticides that can be adopted in plant protection, their peculiarities and adverse effects, dosages and. concentration, etc., for the benefit of agriculturists and horticulturists.
Manurial Trials with Ammonium Sulphate on Ryots' Fields in the Madras State
Authors:   Paddy Specialist, Agricultural Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, M. B. V NARASINGA RAO
Published: November 2023

Various experiments on rice or paddy at many of the research stations have shown that ammonium sulphate as a manure for paddy has been efficacious and the increases obtained varied from 10 to 30 per cent depending upon the locality and the dosages of ammonium sulphate. Most of the experiments have also shown that the best results with ammonium sulphate are obtained when it is applied some time after planting, i. e. 3 to 4 weeks in the case of short duration varieties and 4 to 6 weeks in the case of medium and long duration rices. With the pressing need for increasing the production of rice, the quickest and surest way would appear to be the use of this manure to the rice crop where irrigation facilities exist. To estimate exactly what percentage of increase of yield ammonium sulphate would give and also to serve as demonstration to other ryots, experiments were started with the application of ammonium sulphate on ryots fields in this State.
Drying of Sweet Potatoes and Preparation of Flour Biscuits and Cakes
Authors:   Chemistry Section, Agricultural Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, S VARADARAJAN
Published: November 2023

The sweet potato, (Ipomoea batatas), belonging to the family of Convolvulaceae, is a crop that has established itself very well in our country. In view of the increased interest in this crop as an article of diet, it is proposed in this paper to give simple directions in drying for storage and for the manufacture of flour products, such as biscuits, bread and cake. The sweet potato is a plant of tropical America, its original home probably being the West Indies and Central America. Its cultivation is simple as it comes up in almost every kind of soil, though it makes its best growth on sandy or well drained soils. It is fairly well known that sweet potato forms an exceedingly nutritive food. It can be and is caten raw, fried, roasted or boiled. But its usefulness when the tubers are sliced and dried in the sun and ground into flour and baked into bread, biscuit and cake is not so widely known. The sun dried chips converted into flour can be used in a variety of ways as an article of food. The sweet potato can also be preserved for a long time by a simple process of boiling the tubers, pressing the cooked tubers into cakes and drying in the sun.
Groundnut Rotation Experiment
Authors:   Oilseed Section,Agricultural Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, C.R SESHADRI , M BHAVANI SHANKER RAO ,   Oilseed Section,Agricultural Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003, N SRINIVASALU ,   Oilseed Section,Agricultural Reserch Institute, Coimbatore  641 003
Published: November 2023

The importance of rotation in crop production is well recognised. But this practice is not widely adopted in the Madras State probably due to the small size of the average holding of the cultivator. Groundnut being an important money crop of the drylands, is being grown year after year in the same land without any rotation. Judging from the present methods of harvest of the crop whereby the vines and some portion of the roots are removed from the soil, the practice of growing groundnut continuously in the same land is likely to have adverse effects though not immediately atleast in the course of some years. Where rotation is practised, it has been the experience of cultivators that crops following groundnut generally yield well. The spreading type of groundnut which is grown in rotation with Varagu (Paspalum scrobiculatum) by a few cultivators in South Arcot district is said to yield better than the same type of groundnut grown year after year without rotation. Rotations vary in the different producing areas depending upon a number of factors, such as, nature of soil, local conditions and demand, solvency of the cultivator, etc. In this State groundnut is generally rotated with cereals like Cumbu (Pennisetum typhoides), Cholam (Sorghum vulgare), Varagu and Tenai (Setaria italica) in dry lands. In favourable situations groundnut is followed in the same year by maize, Varagu, Cholam, cotton, gingelly and horsegram.
The Intake of Silica by the Rice Plant with Reference to Blast Disease
Authors:   Agricultural College and Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, S VENKATACHALAM
Published: November 2023

The blast disease caused by the fungus Piricularia Oryzae is the most serious disease of the rice crop, but is prevalent only on certain strains of paddy while others are immune to it. Hence the effective control of the disease at present is only through the use of resistant strains. Among the Madras strains, Co, (Coimbatore 4) is highly resistant even under worst conditions while the variety Adt, (Aduthurai 10) is highly susceptiable to the disease. The latter strain is however a high yielder and hence very popular in the Tanjore Delta. In modern times with the advancement of science many of the characters such as resistance and other factors which are indissoluble Mendelian factors of inheritance, located in the genes of chromosomes have been explained through enzymology in terms of certain set chemical reactions resulting in definite chemical compounds. Hence this inheritance of resistance to blast, located in specific strains were aimed to be studied in terms of possible chemical constituents in the strains which bestowed on the strains the disease resistance.
Recent Advances in Plant Nutrition
Authors:   Agricultural Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003, S VENKATACHALAM , A MARIAKULANDAI ,   Agricultural Research Institute,Coimbatore 641003
Published: November 2023

The naive view has often been expressed that the chemist has only to determine the plant food by analysis of the soil and then by subtraction from the total need of the plant one can say how much more is needed for a given crop and at this the problem of plant nutrition is solved. This is highly erroneous as only an almost trivial fraction of the total amount of any plant food in the soil is available to crops at any one time and there are innumerable complicating factors preventing the simple solution to the problem of estimating the amount actually available to the plant. Years of research has shown that the nutrition of the plant is a very complicated subject. From the time Jon Baptista Von Helmont (3) conducted his classical experiments with the feeding of the willow tree some 300 years ago to the modern times, much field has been covered in this fascinating study of plant nutrition.
A Passion Fruit for the Plains
Authors:   Horticultural Section, Agricultural College and Reserch Institute, Coimbatore, S MUTHUSWAMY
Published: November 2023

Several kinds of creepers known as "passion vines" are grown for their edible fruits as well as for their ornamental flowers in India. A few of these, commonly called "the purple granadilla", "the giant granadilla", etc., have been disseminated over a number of years in certain localities and are now growing as part of the natural vegetation. Recently there has been some effort to grow one of these, viz., the purple passion fruit, commercially in South India. This purple passion fruit is an important crop in Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii and other countries and in South India it grows luxuriantly and bears heavily in Coonoor, Ootacamund, Kodaikanal, Sheveroys and other places of high altitude. It needs a mild climate and at lower altitudes the vines are found to be extremely vigorous in vegetative growth but produce very little crop. Recently an yellow fruited variety has been introduced into South India from Ceylon and investigations on this variety have shown that it is of relatively easy culture and is well adapted to the plains and lower altitudes. It grows véry vigorously, comes to fruit within a year of planting and produces an abundant crop of fruits in successive waves with little attention. Its fruits have a decidedly better flavour than that of the purple passion fruit.
Advances in Fertiliser Production and Use
Authors:   Lecturer in Agriculture, A.H SUBRAMANIA SARMA
Published: November 2023

One of the outstanding achievements in the field of Agriculture during the last one hundred years is the progress made in fertiliser production and use. Since the time Justus Von Liebig stressed the importance on plant nutrients and placed his patent manure on the market 110 years ago, scientists and manufacturers, the world over have probed into the problems of plant nutrition and nutrient supplies. Most famous are the studies at Rothamstead and Woburn in England, those of Wagner and Maercker in Germany, and those in the various states of the U. S. A. and in Pusa and Coimbatore in India. They have contributed a wealth of information on many phases of fertiliser production and fertiliser use in relation to soils and plant growth. This has resulted in the development of an industry of world-wide significance as an important branch of the chemical industry.
Recent advances in Agriculture: Growth Regulators as Weed Killers
Authors:   Department of Agricultural Annamalai University, S KRISHNAMURTHI , K.M SRINIVASAN ,   Department of Agricultural Annamalai University
Published: November 2023

The aim of this paper is to give a comprehensive summary of the various aspects concerned with the use of growth regulators as weed killerв.
O ensino inicial da escrita pensado pela Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica
Authors: Gonçalves Fabíola Mônica da Silva
Published: November 2023

Este trabalho é um recorte da dissertação, em desenvolvimento, do Programa de PósGraduação em Formação de Professores, da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, intitulado Práticas
pedagógicas na alfabetização: o processo de ensino-aprendizagem das diversas grafias do alfabeto
como objeto de conhecimento. Seu objetivo é analisar trabalhos científicos aportados na Pedagogia
Histórico-Crítica (PHC) e relacionados à alfabetização. Diante de práticas pedagógicas fundadas na
concepção mecanicista de ensino do alfabeto e suas variações de escrita, problematizamos: a PHC
poderia aprimorar o processo inicial de ensino da escrita? Metodologicamente baseadas na
pesquisa bibliográfica, as reflexões partiram de autores como Saviani (2000), Cagliari (2009),
Smolka (2012), Vasconcelos (2011), Freire (2020), Martins (2013) e Vygotsky (2007). A partir disso,
entendemos que a socialização do saber historicamente produzido é efetivada pela escolarização
do sujeito, em que o acesso ao conhecimento histórico é um instrumento reflexivo e possibilitador
de transformações, opondo-se ao modelo conteudista de ensino.
ATUAÇÃO DO ENFERMEIRO FRENTE AO DIAGNÓSTICO DE INSUFICIÊNCIA RENAL AGUDA EM PACIENTES PÓS COVID 19: uma revisão integrativa
Authors:   , NUNES JENNIFER DOS SANTOS
Published: November 2023

A Insuficiência Renal Aguda (IRA) como consequência de COVID-19, se dá pelo arranjo inflamatório
no organismo em consequência das proteínas que regulam a resposta imunológica na corrente
sanguínea ocasionando hipercetonemia, o processo após o diagnóstico de IRA, é muito delicado
principalmente para o paciente, considerando as mudanças imediatas que ocorrerão em sua rotina.
Ademais, o profissional de saúde, com as práticas bem elaboradas, poderá auxiliar tanto o paciente
quanto os familiares no enfrentamento da doença. O objetivo deste trabalho foi buscar na literatura
Brasileira as atuações do enfermeiro na assistência e melhora na qualidade de vida de pacientes que
desenvolveram Insuficiência Renal Aguda devido ao Covid-19. O estudo trata-se de uma revisão
integrativa com delineamento temporal de 2019 a 2023, nas bases informatizadas Caribe em Ciências
da Saúde (LILACS), Scientific Eletrônic Library Online (SCIELO), National Library of Medicine
(PUBMED) e MEDLINE. A seleção dos artigos ocorreu entre janeiro e maio de 2023, e após a
aplicabilidade dos critérios de elegibilidade dos estudos, dos 34 artigos encontrados, compuseram a
amostra deste estudo 7 artigos que responderam à questão norteadora. Os profissionais de
enfermagem que atuam com pacientes críticos, como os que se submeteram à hemodiálise devido à
COVID-19, devem estar aptos a prestar assistência qualificada e segura aos pacientes nas diferentes
variações clínicas, bem como ser capazes de entender a doença, especificidades desta e repercussões
à saúde. É fundamental a implementação de ações de formação teóricas e práticas para a capacitação
dos enfermeiros, para executarem a avaliação e as medidas que garantam condições para a
prevenção, diagnóstico e sinais/ sintomas da IRA. Ainda se faz necessário a publicação de artigos
sobre a temática estudada.
Nota Introdutória
Authors: Valente Isabel Maria Freitas
Published: November 2023

A presente obra “Relevo dos conceitos político-jurídicos no processo de construção europeia: Integração, Autonomia e Ultraperiferia” encontra-se estruturada em duas partes.

A primeira parte ocupa-se da reflexão sobre os conceitos já consagrados de Autonomia, Integração bem como estabelece-se uma análise sobre conceitos emergentes como o de cidadania pléniférica.

Coloca-se depois, a questão de perceber porque é que surgem estatutos jurídicos de autonomia de territórios insulares.

Para responder à questão recua-se um pouco e procura-se resposta a outra questão mais ampla: porque surgem estatutos jurídicos de autonomia? Em palavras mais simples, porque é que o Direito surge a proteger ambições autonómicas?

A segunda parte, analisa os casos concretos das Autonomias das Regiões Autónomas portuguesas - Açores e Madeira e da Comunidade Autonómica das Canárias pertencente ao Reino de Espanha.
O conceito de Autonomia jurídico-política: um estudo comparado de diplomacia insular e periférica a partir de 19 territórios insulares e regiões ultraperiféricas europeias
Authors: Moreira Júlio Braga , Aragão Alexandra
Published: November 2023

Diversas razões explicam que comunidades subnacionais ou regionais aspirem a ter maior autonomia. O texto começa por analisar a _ratio iuris_ da tutela jurídica das aspirações autonómicas das regiões insulares da Europa. O presente texto lança luz sobre o conceito jurídico de autonomia a partir da interpretação dos estatutos jurídicos das ilhas da Europa. As dimensões diplomáticas da relação entre regiões autonómicas por um lado e os órgãos do Estado no qual estão integradas por outro, bem como com espaços de integração supranacional, como a União Europeia.
O conceito de Autonomia na Madeira: Sobre o futuro da Autonomia madeirense: das questões às vias possíveis (nas três dimensões essenciais)
Authors: Rodrigues Paulo Miguel
Published: November 2023

O ensaio que se segue procura olhar, sem pretensiosismos, o devir da Autonomia e do autonomismo madeirenses, lançando-lhes o olhar da História, é certo, mas pugnando pela necessidade imperiosa de contribuir para a definição (e afirmação eficaz) das suas vias futuras. No final poderá o leitor mais interessado encontrar uma breve Lista, que o ajudará a decifrar algumas das abreviaturas que por comodidade (e economia de espaço) optámos por utilizar.
ambiente tectónico del intrusivo Limón, Morona Santiago, Ecuador
Authors: Romero Cóndor Christian Wladimir , Castillo Jara Marilyn , Oñate Acurio Leyla , Condoy Guairacocha Darwin , Velíz Zambrano Maria Elena , Pazmiño Aguiar Paola D. , Carranco Andino Fausto , Gramal Aguilar Ana Belen
Published: November 2023

Al sur de la zona Subandina, el complejo intrusivo Zamora incluye un amplio espectro de granitoides, de afinidad calco-alcalina, que fueron interpretados como las raíces magmáticas de un arco volcánico de larga vida del Jurásico. Sin embargo, incontables cuerpos intrusivos fueron cartografiados en el complejo intrusivo Zamora, sin considerar las relaciones de corte entre rocas intrusivas y roca caja, la naturaleza y posición estratigráfica de la roca caja, el detalle petrográfico y geoquímico de rocas intrusivas. La ausencia de esta información impide la adecuada comprensión del magmatismo Jurásico y otros episodios magmáticos en esta región. Esta investigación discute el ambiente tectónico de un cuerpo intrusivo que aflora en las inmediaciones del poblado General Leónidas Plaza (Limón) denominado intrusivo Limón, en función del análisis litoestratigráfico regional, relaciones de corte, caracterización petrográfica y geoquímica. El intrusivo Limón aflora en la vía Limón a Chiviaza, consiste en un cuerpo central tipo domo y un conjunto de cuerpos periféricos tipo cupulas, de orientación N-S y aproximadamente 3 Km de longitud, compuesto por un espectro litológico que incluye a granodioritas y cuarzomonzonita; relaciones entre sílice y álcali indican que posee afinidad alcalina-cálcica a alcalina, de carácter magnesiano y perluminoso; concentraciones de Th y Co indican series calco-alcalinas de alto K. Las relaciones entre Th, Yb, Nb, Rb, Y, Yb, Hf y Ta indican que el intrusivo Limón proviene de un arco continental que se desarrolló en un dominio tectónico orogénico con corteza engrosada y evoluciono a un episodio post magmático intra–continental.
IMPLEMENTASI SUPERVISI AKADEMIK DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PROFESI GURU OLEH KEPALA SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS (SMA) BLOKAGUNG TEGALSARI BANYUWANGI
Authors: Khaudli M Imam , Sari Elfa Naily
Published: November 2023

Academic supervision is a series of activities to help teachers develop their ability to manage the learning process to achieve learning objectives. The principal is one of the keys to the success of a quality educational institution in both process and output, therefore the principal as a supervisor is expected to motivate, foster, and develop teacher competence for the development of the teaching profession. The quality of education that runs effectively and efficiently is related to the principal's leadership with how the principal can influence teachers and school employees to achieve the vision, mission, and school goals that have been previously planned in developing the teaching profession at SMA Blokagung Tegalsari Banyuwangi. This study reveals the implementation of academic supervision in the development of the teaching profession at SMA Blokagung Tegalsari Banyuwangi, with the research focus: 1) planning for academic supervision carried out by the head of SMA Blokagung Tegalsari Banyuwangi 2) implementation of academic supervision by the head of SMA Blokagung Tegalsari Banyuwangi 3) the impact of academic supervision in professional development by the principal of SMA Blokagung Tegalsari Banyuwangi. This study uses a qualitative approach. The methods used in data collection include 1) interviews/ interviews 2) observation 3) documentation. These three methods are used to obtain research findings, these are analyzed by data reduction, data presentation, and data verification and drawing conclusions. The triangulation used includes several components: 1) Triangulation with theory; 2) Triangulation by method; 3) Triangulation with investigators. The results showed that: 1) Planning for the academic supervision of the principal at SMA Blokagung Tegalsari Banyuwangi based on increasing competence and the teaching profession is an activity that is carried out every semester change by involving all waka and senior teachers. 2) the implementation of individual academic supervision includes class visits,  observations,  individual meetings, and self-assessment. Followed up with group techniques include holding meetings, holding group discussions, and conducting upgrading. 3) academic supervision has a real impact on the professional development of teachers at SMA Blokagung Tegalsari Banyuwangi so that teachers can find out shortcomings when teaching and teachers know things that need to be addressed and improve the quality of learning in the classroom
Анальгетический эффект коменовой кислоты на модели механической гиперальгезии при воспалении
Authors: Коваленко А. Л. , Петров А. Ю. , Лычева Н. А. , Плиско Г. А. , Артюшкова Е. Б. , Бобынцев И. И. , Ворвуль А. О.
Published: November 2023

Исследовали анальгетическую активность коменовой кислоты в тесте механической гиперальгезии при воспалении на крысах. Выявлен анальгетический эффект коменовой кислоты во всех исследуемых дозах: 20, 40 и 60 мг/кг. Было отмечено увеличение болевого порога на 155 % (20 мг/кг), 194 % (40 мг/кг) и 159 % (60 мг/кг) (p < 0,05) по сравнению с контрольной группой.
Антибактериальная профилактика при оперативном лечении нефролитиаза у пациентов с сопутствующей ИБС
Authors: Яровой С. К. , Роюк Руслан Валерьевич , Мартов А. Г. , Шикина И. Б.
Published: November 2023

Проведен поиск рациональных режимов периоперационной антибактериальной профилактики при хирургическом лечении нефролитиаза у пациентов с сопутствующей ИБС. Основную группу ретроспективного исследования составили 129 пациентов, входящих в приписной контингент филиала № 1 «ГВКГ им. Н. Н. Бурденко» Минобороны России в 2008 – 2021 гг. Пациенты разделены на группы, согласно проведенному оперативному вмешательству — дистанционной ударно-волновой литотрипсии (40 пациентов), перкутанной нефролитотрипсии (51 пациент), трансуретральной нефролитотрипсии (38 пациентов) и назначенной антибактериальной профилактике — цефтриаксон 1000 мг внутривенно 2 раза/сут (65 пациентов), ципрофлоксацин 200 мг в/в 2 раза/сут (40 пациентов), амоксициллин/клавуланат 1000 + 200 мг внутривенно 3 раза/сут (24 пациента) с учетом функционального состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы (ишемическая болезнь сердца — ИБС без сердечной недостаточности, хроническая сердечная недостаточность — ХСН I-II ст.). Контрольную группу составили 120 пациентов с условно сохранной сердечно-сосудистой системой, перенесших аналогичные оперативные вмешательства. Критерий эффективности: отсутствие острого или обострения хронического пиелонефрита в течение срока применения лекарственных средств и 3 сут после него. У пациентов, перенесших перкутанную нефролитолапаксию, отмечены достоверные различия результатов антибактериальной профилактики цефтриаксоном между группами пациентов с ХСН и ИБС без ХСН, а также с контрольной группой (без ИБС) — 58,3 % vs 92,9 %, p = 0,04 и 58,3 % vs 88,5 %, p = 0,03. В отношении ципрофлоксацина и амоксициллин/клавуланата достоверных различий в эффективности антибактериальной профилактики в зависимости от состояния сердечно-сосудистой системы выявлено не было. Средняя эффективность антибактериальной профилактики при проведении нефролитолапаксии на фоне ХСН оказалась значительно ниже, чем в группе пациентов без ХСН и в контрольной группе — 57,1 % в сравнении с 83,3 %, p = 0,04 и 57,1 % в сравнении с 89,6 % (p < 0,001). При ХСН цефтриаксон оказался менее эффективным, чем ципрофлоксацин, но соизмерим по эффективности с амоксициллин/клавуланатом 70,3 % в сравнении с 95 % (p = 0,03) и 70,3 % в сравнении с 92,3 % (p = 0,11).
Acupressure for Pain of Osteoarthritis : A Systematic Review
Authors: Mahanani Srinalesti , Kertia Nyoman , Madyaningrum Ema , Lismidiati Wiwin
Published: November 2023

Background: Osteoarthritis can be defined as a disorder of movable joints characterized by deterioration of articular cartilage; osteophyte formation and bone remodeling; changes in periarticular tissues; and a low-grade, nonpurulent inflammation of variable degree. Acupressure is a traditional non-pharmacological intervention that promotes blood circulation and muscle activity.
Purpose: This review aimed to investigate the efficacy of acupressure as a complementary therapy method for the pain of osteoarthritis.
Methods: Four electronic databases were searched from PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library use PICO strategy. In studies comparing acupressure with sham acupuncture, no intervention, or conventional intervention was eligible for inclusion. Article study is published on 2012-2022, using English and design RCT and Quasi-experiment. Prisma analysis was used in selection process. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tools for Quasi-Experimental Studies and Randomized Controlled Trials.
Results: There were 12 reports selected for review with the homogeny of knee Osteoarthritis. Outcomes were either objectively- or subjectively assessed improvements in specific pain parameters and safety for clinical use. Results showed more clinical trials with proper methodology are needed to confirm the effectiveness of acupressure for the pain of Osteoarthritis. The results of the review showed a positive effect in reducing pain level with acupressure intervention as either the main or complementary therapy.
Conclusion: This systematic review shows that acupressure as a single or complementary intervention provides significant benefits in the management of Osteoarthritis. Further trials with a more rigorous design are needed to further validate and address the limitations of the current evidence.
Analyzing Polytomous Test Data: A Comparison Between an Information-Based IRT Model and the Generalized Partial Credit Model
Authors: Wallmark Joakim , Ramsay James O. , Li Juan , Wiberg Marie
Published: November 2023

Item response theory (IRT) models the relationship between the possible scores on a test item against a test taker’s attainment of the latent trait that the item is intended to measure. In this study, we compare two models for tests with polytomously scored items: the optimal scoring (OS) model, a nonparametric IRT model based on the principles of information theory, and the generalized partial credit (GPC) model, a widely used parametric alternative. We evaluate these models using both simulated and real test data. In the real data examples, the OS model demonstrates superior model fit compared to the GPC model across all analyzed datasets. In our simulation study, the OS model outperforms the GPC model in terms of bias, but at the cost of larger standard errors for the probabilities along the estimated item response functions. Furthermore, we illustrate how surprisal arc length, an IRT scale invariant measure of ability with metric properties, can be used to put scores from vastly different types of IRT models on a common scale. We also demonstrate how arc length can be a viable alternative to sum scores for scoring test takers.
The Design and Characteristics of White Porcelain Vessels for Royal Marriage Ceremonies in Late Chosŏn: porcelain jar with dragon design in underglaze cobalt blue with inscription of chŏnjiugimssijason(傳之于金氏子孫) at the British Museum
Authors: Koo Hyein
Published: November 2023

The aim of this study is to analyze the designs of chujun(rice wine jar) and hwajun(flower vase), white porcelain vessels used in Chosŏn’s royal marriage ceremonies, and to identify how their use differed according to the status of the person being married. Furthermore, I propose the circumstances under which the paekchayongjun(white porcelain jar with dragon design) stored at the British Museum was produced. paekchach’ŏnghwajuhae, a type of white porcelain jar for rice wine with decoration of dragons in underglaze cobalt blue, stands out among white porcelain vessels used in royal marriages as it was reserved for the king or the crown prince. Those made in late Chosŏn are taller than fifty centimeters in height and decorated with a design of two dragons with five toenails, foliage patterns around the mouth, palm leaf patterns around the shoulders, and lotus petal patterns at the bottom. Originally, the use of blue and white porcelain had not been granted for the marriage of princes and princesses who were not heirs to the throne, but ch’ŏnghwayonghwajun, a type of white porcelain jar with the decoration of dragons in underglaze cobalt blue was permitted as flower vases in the early eighteenth century(1721-1753). However, as King Yŏngjo increasingly advocated frugality, ch’ŏnghwayonghwajuns were replaced with simple white porcelain in 1764, marking the latest date for ch’ŏnghwayonghwajuns. The surviving examples of ch’ŏnghwayonghwajun are almost identical in pattern to paekchach’ŏnghwajuhaes, but are smaller in size — about thirty centimeters tall — and the dragons only have four toenails. Based on evidences, I propose that the jar stored at the British Museum was likely used at the wedding of Princess Hwasun and Kim Hanshin in 1732, the eighth year of King Yŏngjo’s reign. This vessel likely represents the King’s wishes for the birth of grandchildren by the princess, and was inherited by her descendants, Kim I-ju, Kim Noyŏng, Kim Nogyŏng, and Kim Jŏnghŭi.
ScholarOne - Building Partner Capacity: US Aid to Security Sector Actors
Authors: Sullivan Patricia , Alvarez Giovanny , Marx Nathan
Published: November 2023

This article introduces the US Aid to Security Sector Actors (USASSA) dataset, the product of a collaboration between academic researchers and the nonprofit Security Assistance Monitor. In addition to providing the most comprehensive source of data on US security assistance, the USASSA dataset transforms detailed information about how security assistance funds are spent into aid and recipient typologies that can be used to conduct more sophisticated analyses of how this foreign policy tool is employed, its utility, and its limitations. Our data clearly show not only the magnitude and geographic reach of US SSA, but also its diversity. While some SSA is akin to humanitarian aid, other types of assistance blur the line between foreign aid and proxy warfare. We demonstrate the utility of the dataset’s typology of aid types with an analysis of factors affecting variation in the amount and type of aid provided to different states.
Religious narratives in the Russian-Ukrainian conflicts of the 21st century-2.docx
Authors: Cao Jiaqi
Published: November 2023

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine have continued. The Orthodox Church has often been given a unique role in the conflicts and, to some extent, has become "complicit" in escalating the situation. Over the past two decades, religion has become increasingly present in Russian domestic and foreign policy. From the introduction of the concept of the "Russian world" to the recovery of the "sacred place" of Crimea, religious and nationalist narratives have been carefully fused to justify the Russian government's "expansionist policy" under the integration of the "Holy Rus" civilizational space. In this context, Ukrainian nationalists have actively pursued a "church indigenization" program to break away from Russian control in the spiritual sphere. Ukrainian church activists have proposed a "Kyivan Christianity" distinct from the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC). Politicians have responded positively with the slogan "Independent state - independent church" and promoted the formation of the independent Orthodox Church of Ukraine (OCU) in 2018. The interaction between religion and politics has emerged in the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine, which provides a new starting point for understanding the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine since the 21st century. The proposed study was conducted using the methods of discursive and narrative analysis and allowed to identify similarities and differences in the religious narratives of Russian and Ukrainian political and spiritual leaders.
Hard determinism
Authors: Yu Xiaoyang
Published: November 2023

My ideas regarding hard determinism.
Harms were detected but not reported in six clinical trials of gabapentin
Authors: Mayo-Wilson Evan , Qureshi Riaz , Hong Hwanhee , Chen Xiwei , Li Tianjing
Published: November 2023

Objective: We sought to assess and report harms that were observed but not disclosed previously in clinical trials of gabapentin.Study design and setting: We reanalyzed individual participant data from six randomized parallel trials of gabapentin for neuropathic pain, and we conducted meta-analyses. Between 1996 and 2003, adult participants were assigned to gabapentin (600mg to 3600mg per day) or placebo for 7 to 14 weeks. We calculated the proportion of participants with: one or more adverse events (AEs), one or more serious AEs, discontinued, discontinued because AEs. We also estimated effects on AEs at three levels of aggregation using COSTART, a hierarchical system for classifying AEs: body system, mid-level system, preferred term.Results: We found evidence of important harms that were neither included in published trial reports nor included in systematic reviews. Aggregating related harms led to greater confidence that gabapentin might harm the nervous system and possibly the digestive, metabolic and nutritional, respiratory, sensory, and urogenital body systems. Nervous system harms were more common than previous reports suggest.Conclusion: Clinical trials identified harms that were not reported publicly, and journal articles overstated uncertainty about harms. Relying on journal articles to evaluate gabapentin’s harms could contribute to incomplete and misleading conclusions in systematic reviews and guidelines. To prevent bias arising from the selective non-reporting of results, journal articles should describe how to access data for all harms observed in clinical trials (e.g., by sharing individual participant data).
Changes in mesophotic carbonate-platform export across the end of the last glacial cycle (Saya de Malha Bank, western Indian Ocean)
Authors: Bialik Or , Betzler Christian , Braga Alarcón Juan Carlos , Reijmer John , Reolid Jesús , lindhorst Sebastian
Published: November 2023

The export of neritic material from the top of carbonate platforms is a key process in the construction of their slopes. However, our knowledge of the supply pattern of materials from platforms is dominantly based on platforms lying in the euphotic zone during the present sea-level highstand. This is a somewhat biased perspective as through geological time not all platforms were euphotic. The Saya de Malha Bank in the Mascarene Plateau is an example of a modern mesotrophic carbonate platform and as such its flooding and export patterns differ from those of euphotic ones. Using cores collected on the western slope of the Saya de Malha Bank, we explored the export patterns of the platform since the Last Glacial Maximum. Material on the platform edge is winnowed and transported to the slope by multiple possible processes. The material on the platform is a combination of high and low Mg calcite as well as high and low Sr aragonite, integrating pelagic and neritic sources. The ratio of these constitutes varies over time with variation in the platform production capability as it flooded and drowned during the Holocene transgression. The material from the platform is transported in both confined flows, mainly during lowstands, and unconfined flows, mainly during late transgression and early highstand. In the present state of the highstand, supply may have diminished, leading to erosion of the canyon shoulders.
Digital twins to quantify the impact of growing variability on the harvest quality of orange
Authors: Onwude Daniel , North Jade , Cronje Paul , Schouten Rob , Defraeye Thijs
Published: November 2023

The quality of citrus fruit is influenced by various growing conditions, including weather. However, the impact of weather differences between growing regions on citrus quality at harvest is not well understood. This study utilizes a mechanistic-driven digital replica of the growth process of a Valencia orange from fruit set until harvest to quantify this impact. The temperature, humidity, rainfall, and vapor pressure deficit data from different orange growing regions of South Africa, including Citrusdal, Nelspruit, Letsitele, and Sundays River Valley (SRV), are compared. The results suggest that the differences in weather conditions between growing regions affect fruit diameter (FD), fruit weight (FW), rind thickness (RT), rind weight (RW), total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA) of oranges at harvest. The differences between growing regions led to variations of up to threefold for FD, twofold for FW, RT, RW, TSS, and up to fourfold for TA upon harvest. Notably, oranges produced from warmer Letsitele and Nelspruit regions are found to be larger and less acidic compared to those from coastal SRV upon harvest. The study also reveals the impact of the fruit growth process on the temperature gradient within the fruit, which varies across growing regions. The maximal temperature difference between the fruit core and surface during the growth process ranges from 2 °C to 3 °C. These variations in fruit temperature gradient could lead to variations in temperature-driven quality decay of fruit from different climatic regions at the start of their postharvest journey. These findings provide valuable insights for the citrus industry, optimizing practices, harvest planning, and postharvest logistics. The output of this digital twin will help identify areas needing extra precooling to extend shelf life and minimize quality decay. Real-world use allows growers to schedule harvests based on regional weather conditions.