bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promotion of Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation of Procathepsin D by Human Herpesvirus 8-Encoded Viral Interleukin-6
Authors: Chen Daming , Nicholas John
Published: May 2015

The interleukin-6 homologue (viral interleukin-6 [vIL-6]) of human herpesvirus 8 is implicated in viral pathogenesis due to its proproliferative, inflammatory, and angiogenic properties, effected through gp130 receptor signaling. In primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells, vIL-6 is expressed latently and is essential for normal cell growth and viability. This is mediated partly via suppression of proapoptotic cathepsin D (CatD) via cocomplexing of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized CatD precursor, pro-CatD (pCatD), and vIL-6 with the previously uncharacterized ER membrane protein vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 variant 2 (VKORC1v2). vIL-6 suppression of CatD occurs also during reactivated productive replication in PEL cells and is likely to contribute to proreplication functions of vIL-6. Here, we report that vIL-6 suppresses CatD through vIL-6, VKORC1v2, and pCatD association with components of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery. In transfected cells, expression of vIL-6 along with CatD led to proteasome-dependent (inhibitor-sensitive) decreases in CatD levels and the promotion of pCatD polyubiquitination. Depletion of particular ERAD-associated isomerases, lectins, and translocon components, including ERAD E3 ubiquitin ligase HRD1, diminished suppression of CatD by vIL-6. Coprecipitation assays identified direct or indirect interactions of VKORC1v2, vIL-6, and pCatD with translocon proteins (SEL1L and/or HRD1) and ERAD-associated lectins OS9 and XTP3-B. Endogenous CatD expression in PEL cells was increased by depletion of ERAD components, and suppression of CatD by vIL-6 overexpression in PEL cells was dependent on HRD1. Our data reveal a new mechanism of ER-localized vIL-6 activity and further characterize VKORC1v2 function.

IMPORTANCE
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6), unlike cellular IL-6 proteins, is secreted inefficiently and sequestered mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), from where it can signal through the gp130 receptor. We have recently reported that vIL-6 also associates with a novel membrane protein termed vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit 1 variant 2 (VKORC1v2) and mediates suppression of VKORC1v2-cointeracting cathepsin D, a stress-released proapoptotic protein negatively impacting HHV-8 latently infected primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cell viability and reactivated virus productive replication. Here, we have examined the mechanistic basis of the VKORC1v2–vIL-6 interaction-dependent suppression of cathepsin D and have found that this novel activity of vIL-6 is mediated through coassociation of VKORC1v2, procathepsin D, and vIL-6 with components of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery. Our findings provide information of significance for potential antiviral and therapeutic targeting of VKORC1v2-mediated vIL-6 activities and also indicate the nature of VKORC1v2 function in normal cell biology.
The Baculovirus Antiapoptotic p35 Protein Functions as an Inhibitor of the Host RNA Interference Antiviral Response
Authors: Mehrabadi Mohammad , Hussain Mazhar , Matindoost Leila , Asgari Sassan
Published: May 2015

RNA interference (RNAi) is considered an ancient antiviral defense in diverse organisms, including insects. Virus infections generate double-strand RNAs (dsRNAs) that trigger the RNAi machinery to process dsRNAs into virus-derived short interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs), which target virus genomes, mRNAs, or replication intermediates. Viruses, in turn, have evolved viral suppressors of RNAi (VSRs) to counter host antiviral RNAi. Following recent discoveries that insects mount an RNAi response against DNA viruses, in this study, we found that
Autographa californica
multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) infection similarly induces an RNAi response in
Spodoptera frugiperda
cells by generating a large number of vsiRNAs postinfection. Interestingly, we found that AcMNPV expresses a potent VSR to counter RNAi. The viral
p35
gene, which is well known as an inhibitor of apoptosis, was found to be responsible for the suppression of RNAi in diverse insect and mammalian cells. The VSR activity of p35 was further confirmed by a
p35
-null AcMNPV that did not suppress the response. In addition, our results showed that the VSR activity is not due to inhibition of dsRNA cleavage by Dicer-2 but acts downstream in the RNAi pathway. Furthermore, we found that the VSR activity is not linked to the antiapoptotic activity of the protein. Overall, our results provide evidence for the existence of VSR activity in a double-stranded DNA virus and identify the responsible gene, which is involved in the inhibition of RNAi as well as apoptosis.

IMPORTANCE
Our findings demonstrate the occurrence of an insect RNAi response against a baculovirus (AcMNPV) that is highly utilized in microbial control, biological and biomedical research, and protein expression. Moreover, our investigations led to the identification of a viral suppressor of RNAi activity and the gene responsible for the activity. Notably, this gene is also a potent inhibitor of apoptosis. The outcomes signify the dual role of a virus-encoded protein in nullifying two key antiviral responses, apoptosis and RNAi.
Rowell's syndrome induced by terbinafine
Authors: Murad Aizuri , Shudell Emma , Mulligan Niall
Published: May 2015

Terbinafine, a systemic antifungal commonly prescribed for onychomycosis (fungal infection involving the nails) has been reported to cause various cutaneous adverse effects. We describe an overlap syndrome between cutaneous lupus and erythaema multiforme induced by this medication with a review of other reported cases.
MED12is frequently mutated in breast phyllodes tumours: a study of 112 cases
Authors: Ng Cedric Chuan Young , Tan Jing , Ong Choon Kiat , Lim Weng Khong , Rajasegaran Vikneswari , Nasir Nur Diyana Md , Lim Jeffrey Chun Tatt , Thike Aye Aye , Salahuddin Syed Ahmed , Iqbal Jabed , Busmanis Inny , Chong Angela Phek Yoon , Teh Bin Tean , Tan Puay Hoon
Published: May 2015

Aim

To determine the frequency ofMED12mutations in a series of 112 breast phyllodes tumours, and to correlate the findings with clinicopathological parameters and survival outcomes.

Methods

Phyllodes tumours from the Department of Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, were classified into benign, borderline and malignant categories. Genomic DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded phyllodes tumours was extracted, purified and subjected to ultra-deep-targeted amplicon sequencing across exon 2 of theMED12gene. Sequencing was performed on the Illumina MiSeq next-generation sequencing platform and bioinformatics analysis applied. Appropriate statistical analyses were carried out.

Results

There were 66 benign, 32 borderline and 14 malignant tumours, with 43 (65.1%), 21 (65.6%) and 6 (42.8%) disclosingMED12mutations (missense, splice site, indel), respectively. For 97 cases with available follow-up, there were 10 (10.3%) recurrences. Patients with phyllodes tumours that harbouredMED12mutations experienced improved disease-free survivals, with higher recurrence likelihood in those withoutMED12mutations (HR 9.99, 95% CIs 1.55 to 64.42, p=0.015).

Conclusions

Similar to fibroadenomas, phyllodes tumours show a high frequency ofMED12mutations, affirming the close biological relationship between these fibroepithelial neoplasms.
Femur fracture repair of a tiger cub (Panthera tigris tigris) suffering from nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism and osteopenia
Authors: Boucher Charles , Zeiler Gareth
Published: May 2015

A five‐month old tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) presented for an acute‐onset pelvic limb lameness workup. The cub had been fed a meat‐only diet. Radiology revealed severe generalised osteopenia, pathological fractures of the pelvis and proximal right femur. The history, clinical presentation and pathognomonic radiographic findings were consistent with nutritional secondary hyperparathyroidism. The cub was initially treated conservatively by dietary management (whole chicken supplemented with calcium‐multivitamin powder). Fourteen day follow‐up radiographs revealed increased bone density, healing pelvic fractures and callus formation around the displaced femoral fracture fragments. Despite the osteopenia, the femoral cortices were considered dense enough to allow internal fixation using a locking plate–rod combination. Fracture reduction was complicated by extensive callus formation and muscle atrophy. Follow‐up radiography on day 63 revealed excellent secondary bone healing and improved bone density. The cub was discharged into the owner's care and has reportedly made a full recovery.
An independent quark model study of weak leptonic decays of pseudoscalar mesons
Authors: Jena S. N. , Nanda P. K. , Sahoo S. , Panda S.
Published: May 2015

An independent quark model with a relativistic power-law potential is used to study the weak leptonic decays of light and heavy pseudoscalar mesons. The partial decay width and the decay constant for the weak leptonic decay are derived from the quark–antiquark momentum distribution amplitude which is obtained from the bound quark eigenfunction with the assumption of a strong correlation existing between quark–antiquark momenta inside the decaying meson in its rest frame. The model parameters are first determined from the application of the model to study the ground state hyperfine splitting of ρ, K, D, Ds, B, Bs and Bc mesons. The same model with no adjustable parameters is then used to evaluate the decay constants fM and the decay widths of pseudoscalar mesons. The model predictions agree quite well with the available experimental data as well as with those of several other models. The decay constant for pion and kaon are obtained as fπ = 132 MeV and fk = 161 MeV which closely agree with experimental values. But in case of heavier mesons for which experimental data are not yet available, the present model gives its predictions as fBC > fBS > fB, fDS > fD, fD > fB and fπ > fB which are in conformity with most of other model predictions. The model predictions of the corresponding decay widths and the branching ratios for the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] decay modes are in close agreement with the available experimental data.
Gravito-electromagnetic effects of massive rings
Authors: Ruggiero Matteo Luca
Published: May 2015

The Einstein field equations in linear post-Newtonian approximation can be written in analogy with electromagnetism, in the so-called gravito-electromagnetic (GEM) formalism. We use this analogy to study the gravitational field of a massive ring: In particular, we consider a continuous mass distribution on Keplerian orbit around a central body, and we work out the gravitational field generated by this mass distribution in the intermediate zone between the central body and the ring, focusing on the gravitomagnetic (GM) component that originates from the rotation of the ring. In doing so, we generalize and complement some previous results that focused on the purely Newtonian effects of the ring (thus neglecting its rotation) or that were applied to the case, of rotating spherical shells. Eventually, we study in some simple cases, the effect of the rotation of the ring, and suggest that, in principle, this approach could be used to infer information about the angular momentum of the ring.
Eigenanalyses of Functionally Graded Micro-Scale Beams Entrapped in an Axially-Directed Magnetic Field with Elastic Restraints
Authors: Mustapha K. B. , Hawwa Muhammad A.
Published: May 2015

Approximate numerical solutions are obtained for the vibration response of a functionally graded (FG) micro-scale beam entrapped within an axially-directed magnetic field using the differential transformation method (DTM). Idealized as a one-dimensional (1D) continuum with a noticeable microstructural effect and a thickness-directed material gradient, the microbeam’s behavior is studied under a range of nonclassical boundary conditions. The immanent microstructural effect of the micro-scale beam is accounted for through the modified couple stress theory (MCST), while the microscopic inhomogeneity is smoothened with the classical rule of mixture. The study demonstrates the robustness and flexibility of the DTM in providing benchmark results pertaining to the free vibration behavior of the FG microbeams under the following boundary conditions: (a) Clamped-tip mass; (b) clamped-elastic support (transverse spring); (c) pinned-elastic support (transverse spring); (d) clamped-tip mass-elastic support (transverse spring); (e) clamped-elastically supported (rotational and transverse springs); and (f) fully elastically restrained (transverse and rotational springs on both boundaries). The analyses revealed the possibility of using functional gradation to adjust the shrinking of the resonant frequency to zero (rigid-body motion) as the mass ratio tends to infinity. The magnetic field is noted to have a negligibly minimal influence when the gradient index is lower, but a notably dominant effect when it is higher.
Timescales of mingling in shallow magmatic reservoirs
Authors: Montagna C. P. , Papale P. , Longo A.
Published: May 2015

Arrival of magma from depth into shallow reservoirs has been documented as one of the possible processes leading to eruption. Magma intruding and rising to the surface interacts with the already emplaced, degassed magmas residing at shallower depths, leaving chemical signatures in the erupted products.

We performed two-dimensional numerical simulations of the arrival of gas-rich magmas into shallow reservoirs. We solve the fluid dynamics for the two interacting magmas, evaluating the space–time evolution of the physical properties of the mixture.

Convection and mingling develop quickly into the chamber and feeding conduit/dyke, leading on longer timescales to a density stratification with the lighter, gas-richer magma, mixed with different proportions of the resident magma, rising to the top of the chamber due to buoyancy. Over timescales of hours, the magmas in the reservoir appear to have mingled throughout, and convective patterns become harder to identify.

Our simulations have been performed changing the geometry of the shallow reservoir and the gas content of the initial end-member magmas. Horizontally elongated magma chambers, as well as higher density contrasts between the two magmas, cause faster ascent velocities and also increase the mixing efficiency.

Supplementary material:

Videos showing the evolution of magma composition with time in the shallow chamber for simulations 1–4 are available at
www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18819
The differential role of renoguanylin in osmoregulation and apical Cl−/HCO3−exchange activity in the posterior intestine of the Gulf toadfish (Opsanus beta)
Authors: Ruhr Ilan M. , Mager Edward M. , Takei Yoshio , Grosell Martin
Published: May 2015

The guanylin family of peptides are effective regulators of intestinal physiology in marine teleosts. In the distal intestinal segments, they inhibit or reverse fluid absorption by inhibiting the absorptive short-circuit current ( Isc). The present findings demonstrate that mRNA from guanylin and uroguanylin, as well as at least one isoform of the guanylin peptide receptor, apical guanylyl cyclase-C (GC-C), was highly expressed in the intestine and rectum of the Gulf toadfish ( Opsanus beta). In the posterior intestine, GC-C, as well as the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator and basolateral Na+/K+/2Cl−cotransporter, which comprise a Cl−-secretory pathway, were transcriptionally upregulated in 60 parts per thousand (ppt). The present study also shows that, in intestinal tissues from Gulf toadfish held in 35 ppt, renoguanylin (RGN) expectedly causes net Cl−secretion, inhibits both the absorptive Iscand fluid absorption, and decreases HCO3−secretion. Likewise, in intestinal tissues from Gulf toadfish acclimated to 60 ppt, RGN also inhibits the absorptive Iscand fluid absorption but to an even greater extent, corresponding with the mRNA expression data. In contrast, RGN does not alter Cl−flux and, instead, elevates HCO3−secretion in the 60-ppt group, suggesting increased apical Cl−/HCO3−exchange activity by SLC26a6. Overall, these findings reinforce the hypotheses that the guanylin peptide system is important for salinity acclimatization and that the secretory response could facilitate the removal of solids, such as CaCO3precipitates, from the intestine.
Lack of Association between Membrane-Type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase Expression and Clinically Relevant Molecular or Morphologic Tumor Characteristics at the Leading Edge of Invasive Colorectal Carcinoma
Authors: Arndt Annette , Kraft Klaus , Wardelmann Eva , Steinestel Konrad
Published: May 2015

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in the western world, but tumor biology and clinical course show great interindividual variation. Molecular and morphologic tumor characteristics, such asKRAS/BRAFmutation status, mismatch repair (MMR) protein expression, tumor growth pattern, and tumor cell budding, have been shown to be of key therapeutic and/or prognostic relevance in CRC. Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is a membrane-anchored zinc-binding endopeptidase that is expressed at the leading edge of various invasive carcinomas and promotes tumor cell invasion through degradation of the extracellular matrix. The aim of this study was to investigate possible associations between MT1-MMP expression and molecular tumor characteristics as well as morphologic features of tumor aggressiveness in a consecutive series of 79 CRC tissue samples. However, although MT1-MMP was expressed in 41/79 samples (52%), there was no significant association between MT1-MMP expression andKRAS/BRAFmutation status, MMR protein expression, presence of lymphovascular invasion, tumor growth pattern, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, or tumor cell budding in our sample cohort (P>0.05). Thus, we conclude that although MT1-MMP may play a role in CRC invasion, it is not of key relevance to the current models of CRC invasion and aggressiveness.
In VitroStudies of Bacterial Cellulose and Magnetic Nanoparticles Smart Nanocomposites for Efficient Chronic Wounds Healing
Authors: Galateanu Bianca , Bunea Mihaela-Cristina , Stanescu Paul , Vasile Eugenia , Casarica Angela , Iovu Horia , Hermenean Anca , Zaharia Catalin , Costache Marieta
Published: May 2015

The quality of life of patients with chronic wounds can be extremely poor and, therefore, over the past decades, great efforts have been made to develop efficient strategies to improve the healing process and the social impact associated with these conditions. Cell based therapy, as a modern tissue engineering strategy, involves the design of 3D cell-scaffold bioconstructs obtained by preseeding drug loaded scaffolds with undifferentiated cells in order to achievein situfunctionalde novotissue. This paper reports on the development of bionanocomposites based on bacterial cellulose and magnetic nanoparticles (magnetite) for efficient chronic wounds healing. Composites were obtained directly in the cellulose bacterial culture medium by dispersing various amounts of magnetite nanoparticles during the biosynthesis process. After purification and drying, the membranes were characterized by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to reveal the presence of magnetite within the bacterial cellulose matrix. Morphological investigation was employed through SEM and TEM analyses on bionanocomposites. The biocompatibility of these innovative materials was studied in relation to human adipose derived stem cells in terms of cellular morphology, viability, and proliferation as well as scaffolds cytotoxic potential.
A Salt‐Assisted Combustion Method to Prepare Well‐Dispersed Octahedral MnCr2O4 Spinel Nanocrystals
Authors: Tong Yuping , Ma Juntao , Zhao Shunbo , Huo Hongyuan , Zhang Hailong
Published: May 2015

Well‐dispersed nanocrystalline MnCr2O4 was prepared by a salt‐assisted combustion process using low‐toxic glycine as fuel and Mn(NO3)2 and Cr(NO3)3·9H2O as raw materials. The obtained products were characterized by X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The fabrication process was monitored by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG‐DTA). The phase formation process was detected by XRD, and MnCr2O4 single phase with high crystallinity was formed at 700°C. TEM and SEM images revealed that the products were composed of well‐dispersed octahedral nanocrystals with an average size of 80 nm. Inert salt‐LiCl played an important role in breaking the network structure of agglomerated nanocrystallites.
Osteopontin Overexpression Induced Tumor Progression and Chemoresistance to Oxaliplatin through Induction of Stem-Like Properties in Human Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ng Lui , Wan Timothy , Chow Ariel , Iyer Deepak , Man Johnny , Chen Guanghua , Yau Thomas Chung-Cheung , Lo Oswens , Foo Chi-Chung , Poon Jensen Tung-Chung , Poon Ronnie Tung-Ping , Pang Roberta , Law Wai-Lun
Published: May 2015

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common and fatal malignancies worldwide. The poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients is due to development of chemoresistance and cancer metastasis. Recently osteopontin (OPN) has been associated with stem-like properties in colorectal cancer. This study further examined the clinicopathological significance of OPN in CRC and its effect on chemoresistance and transcription of stem cell markers. We examined the transcription level of OPN in 84 CRC patients and correlated the expression with their clinicopathological parameters. The associations of OPN overexpression with transcription of stem cell markers and response to chemotherapy in DLD1-OPN overexpressing clones and CRC patients were also investigated. Our results showed that OPN was significantly overexpressed in CRC, and its overexpression correlated with tumor stage and poor prognosis. Overexpression of CRC induced OCT4 and SOX2 expressionin vitroand correlated with SOX2 overexpression in CRC patients. In addition, DLD1-OPN overexpressing cells showed enhanced ability to survive upon oxaliplatin treatment, and OPN expression was higher in CRC patients who were resistant to oxaliplatin-involved chemotherapy treatment. Thus, CRC cells overexpressing OPN demonstrated stem-like properties and OPN inhibition is a potential therapeutic approach to combat CRC progression and chemoresistance.
Endothelial Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Polyglycolic Acid/Polylactic Acid Mesh
Authors: Deng Meng , Gu Yunpeng , Liu Zhenjun , Qi Yue , Ma Gui E. , Kang Ning
Published: May 2015

Adipose-derived stem cell (ADSC) is considered as a cell source potentially useful for angiogenesis in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. This study investigated the growth and endothelial differentiation of human ADSCs on polyglycolic acid/polylactic acid (PGA/PLA) mesh compared to 2D plastic. Cell adhesion, viability, and distribution of hADSCs on PGA/PLA mesh were observed by CM-Dil labeling, live/dead staining, and SEM examination while endothelial differentiation was evaluated by flow cytometry, Ac-LDL/UEA-1 uptake assay, immunofluorescence stainings, and gene expression analysis of endothelial related markers. Results showed hADSCs gained a mature endothelial phenotype with a positive ratio of 21.4 ± 3.7% for CD31+/CD34− when induced in 3D mesh after 21 days, which was further verified by the expressions of a comprehensive range of endothelial related markers, whereas hADSCs in 2D induced and 2D/3D noninduced groups all failed to differentiate into endothelial cells. Moreover, compared to 2D groups, the expression forα-SMA was markedly suppressed in 3D cultured hADSCs. This study first demonstrated the endothelial differentiation of hADSCs on the PGA/PLA mesh and pointed out the synergistic effect of PGA/PLA 3D culture and growth factors on the acquisition of mature characteristic endothelial phenotype. We believed this study would be the initial step towards the generation of prevascularized tissue engineered constructs.
Lung and Nodal Involvement in Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease: PET/CT Role
Authors: Del Giudice Ginevra , Bianco Andrea , Cennamo Antonio , Santoro Giulia , Bifulco Marco , Marzo Carlo , Mazzarella Gennaro
Published: May 2015

Introduction. Systematic use of18F-FDG PET/CT has the potential to simultaneously assess both pulmonary and lymph node involvement in nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) lung infection.Objective. The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of18F-FDG PET/CT in the assessment of both mediastinal lymph nodes and lung involvement in NTM patients compared with active tuberculosis (TB) patients.Methods. 26 patients with pulmonary NTM disease were selected; six consecutive patients had undergone18F-FDG PET/CT and data was compared with 6 active TB patients.Results. NTM exhibited different radiological lung patterns with an average SUV max value at PET/CT scan of 3,59 ± 2,32 (range 1,14 to 9,01) on pulmonary lesions and a mean value of SUV max 1,21 ± 0,29 (range 0,90 to 1,70) on mediastinal lymph nodes. Pulmonary lesions in TB showed an average SUV max value of 10,07 ± 6,45 (range 1,20 to 22,75) whilst involved mediastinal lymph nodes exhibited a mean SUV max value of 7,23 ± 3,03 (range 1,78 to 15,72).Conclusions. The differences in PET uptake in a broad range of lung lesions and lymph nodes between NTM andM. tuberculosispatients suggest a potential role for PET/CT scan in the diagnosis and management of pulmonary mycobacterial disease.
The Relationship between Gentle Tactile Stimulation on the Fetus and Its Temperament 3 Months after Birth
Authors: Wang Zhe-Wei , Hua Jing , Xu Yu-Hong
Published: May 2015

Objective.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gentle tactile stimulation on the fetus in its temperament 3 months after birth.Method.A total of 302 mother-3-month-infant dyads enrolled the retrospective cohort study. 76 mothers had regular gentle tactile stimulation on the fetus in their pregnancy; 62 mothers had irregular tactile stimulation on the fetus, and the rest of 164 mothers who had no tactile stimulation served as nonexposure group. Temperament was assessed using the EITS (a nine-dimensional scale of temperament).Results.Significant difference in temperament type was found among infants in 3 groups at 3 months of age. In the regular practice group, the babies with easy type temperament accounted for 73.7%, which was higher than that in irregular practice group (53.2%,P=0.012) and that in the control group (42.1%,P<0.001). Compared to infants in no practice group, the infants who had received regular gentle tactile stimulation before birth were lower in negative mood (P=0.047) while higher in adaptability (P<0.001), approach (P=0.001), and persistence (P=0.001), respectively.Conclusion.Regular gentle tactile stimulation on fetus may promote the formation of easy type infant temperament.
Osteogenic Potential of Dental Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Preclinical Studies: A Systematic Review Using Modified ARRIVE and CONSORT Guidelines
Authors: Ramamoorthi Murali , Bakkar Mohammed , Jordan Jack , Tran Simon D.
Published: May 2015

Background and Objective. Dental stem cell-based tissue engineered constructs are emerging as a promising alternative to autologous bone transfer for treating bone defects. The purpose of this review is to systematically assess the preclinical in vivo and in vitro studies which have evaluated the efficacy of dental stem cells on bone regeneration.Methods. A literature search was conducted in Ovid Medline, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science up to October 2014. Implantation of dental stem cells in animal models for evaluating bone regeneration and/or in vitro studies demonstrating osteogenic potential of dental stem cells were included. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to ensure the quality of the search. Modified ARRIVE (Animal research: reporting in invivo experiments) and CONSORT (Consolidated reporting of trials) were used to critically analyze the selected studies.Results. From 1914 citations, 207 full-text articles were screened and 137 studies were included in this review. Because of the heterogeneity observed in the studies selected, meta-analysis was not possible.Conclusion. Both in vivo and in vitro studies indicate the potential use of dental stem cells in bone regeneration. However well-designed randomized animal trials are needed before moving into clinical trials.
Telescopic Overdenture and Implant Supported Fixed Partial Denture: A Pragmatic Treatment Approach
Authors: Dede Doğu Ömür , Cenk Durmuşlar M. , Şahın Onur , Köroğlu Ayşegül , İşısağ Özer
Published: May 2015

This case report presents a patient who had been rehabilitated with a telescopic overdenture and implant supported fixed partial denture (ISFPD). The treatment process was as follows: (1) fabricating telescopic crowns and overdenture prosthesis for the lower jaw and a temporary complete denture for the upper jaw, (2) using the temporary denture as diagnostic and surgical guide to optimize dental implant placement, and (3) fabricating ISFPD for the upper jaw. Using the patient’s existing or temporary denture not only serves as an alternative surgical guide to calibrate the dental implant locations but also helps to finish the restoration at desired dimension, size, and anatomic form.
ThedndRNA Identifies Germ Cell Origin and Migration in Olive Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)
Authors: Wang Xueying , Liu Qinghua , Xiao Yongshuang , Yang Yang , Wang Yanfeng , Song Zongcheng , You Feng , An Hao , Xiao Zhizhong , Xu Shihong , Ma Daoyuan , Li Jun
Published: May 2015

The present study obtained a germ cell-specific marker dead end (dnd) in olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) namedPodnd. The tissue-specific expressions ofPodndtranscripts were present in testis and ovary but were not detectable in other somatic tissues detected. SISH showed thatPodndexpressed only in germ cells at different developmental stages but not in surrounding somatic cells. The expression ofPodndduring embryonic development at 16 different stages revealed that the relative expression ofPodndtranscript fluctuated at a high level in the cleavage stages, gradually decreased through subsequent development, and reached the lowest at late gastrula stage till it was nearly undetectable. ThePodndtranscripts localization and migration were similar to zebrafish. Further research on the specification migration mechanism of PGCs and the role of germ cell during gonadal development in olive flounder would improve our understanding of germline development.
Epigenetic Changes in Endothelial Progenitors as a Possible Cellular Basis for Glycemic Memory in Diabetic Vascular Complications
Authors: Rajasekar Poojitha , O’Neill Christina L. , Eeles Lydia , Stitt Alan W. , Medina Reinhold J.
Published: May 2015

The vascular complications of diabetes significantly impact the quality of life and mortality in diabetic patients. Extensive evidence from various human clinical trials has clearly established that a period of poor glycemic control early in the disease process carries negative consequences, such as an increase in the development and progression of vascular complications that becomes evident many years later. Importantly, intensive glycemic control established later in the disease process cannot reverse or slow down the onset or progression of diabetic vasculopathy. This has been named the glycemic memory phenomenon. Scientists have successfully modelled glycemic memory using variousin vitroandin vivosystems. This review emphasizes that oxidative stress and accumulation of advanced glycation end products are key factors driving glycemic memory in endothelial cells. Furthermore, various epigenetic marks have been proposed to closely associate with vascular glycemic memory. In addition, we comment on the importance of endothelial progenitors and their role as endogenous vasoreparative cells that are negatively impacted by the diabetic milieu and may constitute a “carrier” of glycemic memory. Considering the potential of endothelial progenitor-based cytotherapies, future studies on their glycemic memory are warranted to develop epigenetics-based therapeutics targeting diabetic vascular complications.
A Comparison of the Performances of Different Mesoporous Titanias in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Latini Alessandro , Panetta Riccardo , Cavallo Carmen , Gozzi Daniele , Quaranta Simone
Published: May 2015

The present work aims at optimizing titanium dioxide morphology for dye‐sensitized solar cells applications. Five different anatase phase mesoporous titanias were prepared and tested as photoanodes in dye‐sensitized solar cells. The materials were prepared by using a template approach. Two materials were synthesized by using monodisperse silica nanospheres and the other three using two different organic templating agents (Pluronic P123 and Brij 58). A complete characterization of the obtained materials was performed by powder XRD, FEG‐SEM, UV‐Vis reflectance spectroscopy, BET surface area measurements, and TG‐DTA. Several cells were assembled using N719 as dye and a nonvolatile electrolyte based on benzonitrile. The cells were tested by means of J-V curves under simulated solar radiation, IPCE, and dark current measurements. The highest efficiencies were achieved with titania prepared by using Pluronic P123 as template (ηmax = 6.8%), while the lowest efficiencies were recorded with using titania samples prepared with the silica nanospheres template (ηmin = 5.7%). The different performances of the samples are examined and discussed.
Registration of 2D C-Arm and 3D CT Images for a C-Arm Image-Assisted Navigation System for Spinal Surgery
Authors: Chang Chih-Ju , Lin Geng-Li , Tse Alex , Chu Hong-Yu , Tseng Ching-Shiow
Published: May 2015

C-Arm image-assisted surgical navigation system has been broadly applied to spinal surgery. However, accurate path planning on the C-Arm AP-view image is difficult. This research studies 2D-3D image registration methods to obtain the optimum transformation matrix between C-Arm and CT image frames. Through the transformation matrix, the surgical path planned on preoperative CT images can be transformed and displayed on the C-Arm images for surgical guidance. The positions of surgical instruments will also be displayed on both CT and C-Arm in the real time. Five similarity measure methods of 2D-3D image registration including Normalized Cross-Correlation, Gradient Correlation, Pattern Intensity, Gradient Difference Correlation, and Mutual Information combined with three optimization methods including Powell’s method, Downhill simplex algorithm, and genetic algorithm are applied to evaluate their performance in converge range, efficiency, and accuracy. Experimental results show that the combination of Normalized Cross-Correlation measure method with Downhill simplex algorithm obtains maximum correlation and similarity in C-Arm and Digital Reconstructed Radiograph (DRR) images. Spine saw bones are used in the experiment to evaluate 2D-3D image registration accuracy. The average error in displacement is 0.22 mm. The success rate is approximately 90% and average registration time takes 16 seconds.
Theranostic Imaging of Yttrium-90
Authors: Wright Chadwick L. , Zhang Jun , Tweedle Michael F. , Knopp Michael V. , Hall Nathan C.
Published: May 2015

This paper overviews Yttrium-90 (90Y) as a theranostic and nuclear medicine imaging of90Y radioactivity with bremsstrahlung imaging and positron emission tomography. In addition, detection and optical imaging of90Y radioactivity using Cerenkov luminescence will also be reviewed. Methods and approaches for qualitative and quantitative90Y imaging will be briefly discussed. Although challenges remain for90Y imaging, continued clinical demand for predictive imaging response assessment and target/nontarget dosimetry will drive research and technical innovation to provide greater clinical utility of90Y as a theranostic agent.
Species Identification and Clarithromycin Susceptibility Testing of 278 Clinical Nontuberculosis Mycobacteria Isolates
Authors: Nie Wenjuan , Duan Hongfei , Huang Hairong , Lu Yu , Chu Naihui
Published: May 2015

Purpose of this paper is to analyze different species’ proportion of nontuberculosis mycobacteria (NTM) and susceptibility to clarithromycin of different species. 278 clinical NTM isolates were identified into species by using 16S rRNA,rpoBandhsp65. Then clarithromycin susceptibility testing against different species was done separately, using microplate Alamar Blue assay. Finally, resistance isolates’erm(41)ofM. abscessuswere sequenced in order to analyze mechanisms for clarithromycin resistant. In this test, 131 isolates (47%) belonged toM. aviumcomplex (MAC), and 70 isolates (25%) belonged toM. abscessus. Nearly all theM. abscessussubsp.abscessusresistant to clarithromycin had T28 inerm(41). However, all theM. abscessussubsp.abscessussusceptible to clarithromycin had C28 inerm(41). In this study, we find that MAC was the most common pathogens of NTM, and the second one wasM. abscessus. However,M. chelonei, M. fuerth, andM. gordonwere rare. Clarithromycin had a good inhibition activity against all the NTM species exceptM. abscessussubsp.abscessus. Theerm(41)genotype is of high relevance to clarithromycin resistance.
HMGB1-Induced Cross Talk between PTEN and miRs 221/222 in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Mardente S. , Mari E. , Massimi I. , Fico F. , Faggioni A. , Pulcinelli F. , Antonaci A. , Zicari A.
Published: May 2015

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an ubiquitous protein that plays different roles in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and extracellular space. It is an important DAMP molecule that allows communication between damaged or tumor cells and the immune system. Tumor cells exploit HMGB1’s ability to activate intracellular pathways that lead to cell growth and migration. Papillary thyroid cancer is a well-differentiated tumor and is often used to study relationships between cells and the inflammatory microenvironment as the latter is characterized by high levels of inflammatory cells and cytokines. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is one of the most lethal human cancers in which many microRNAs and tumor suppressor genes are deregulated. Upregulation of microRNAs 221 and 222 has been shown to induce the malignant phenotype in many human cancers via inhibition of PTEN expression. In this study we suggest that extracellular HMGB1 interaction with RAGE enhances expression of oncogenic cluster miR221/222 that in turn inhibits tumor suppressor gene PTEN in two cell lines derived from human thyroid anaplastic and papillary cancers. The newly identified pathway HMGB1/RAGE/miR221/222 may represent an effective way of tumor escape from immune surveillance that could be used to develop new therapeutic strategies against anaplastic tumors.
Endoscopic Raman Spectroscopy for Molecular Fingerprinting of Gastric Cancer: Principle to Implementation
Authors: Kim Hyung Hun
Published: May 2015

Currently, positive endoscopic biopsy is the standard criterion for gastric cancer diagnosis but is invasive, often inconsistent, and delayed although early detection and early treatment is the most important policy. Raman spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique based on inelastic scattering of monochromatic light. Raman spectrum represents molecular composition of the interrogated volume providing a direct molecular fingerprint. Several investigations revealed that Raman spectroscopy can differentiate normal, dysplastic, and adenocarcinoma gastric tissue with high sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, this technique can indentify malignant ulcer and showed the capability to analyze the carcinogenesis process. Automated on-line Raman spectral diagnostic system raised possibility to use Raman spectroscopy in clinical field. Raman spectroscopy can be applied in many fields such as guiding a target biopsy, optical biopsy in bleeding prone situation, and delineating the margin of the lesion. With wide field technology, Raman spectroscopy is expected to have specific role in our future clinical field.
The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Lebanese Adults: Results from a National Survey
Authors: Naja F. , Alameddine M. , Itani L. , Shoaib H. , Hariri D. , Talhouk S.
Published: May 2015

Objective. To examine the prevalence and correlates of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) use in Lebanon.Methods. A cross-sectional survey was conducted through face to face interviews on a nationally representative sample of 1,475 Lebanese adults. The survey questionnaire explored the sociodemographic and health related characteristics as well as the types and modes of CAM use. The main outcome in this study was the use of CAM during the last 12 months.Results. Prevalence of CAM use was 29.87% with “folk herbs” being the most commonly used (75%). Two out of five CAM users indicated using it as alternative to conventional therapies and only 28.4% of users disclosed the use of CAM to their physician. CAM use was significantly associated with higher income, presence of a chronic disease, and lack of access to needed health care. Lower odds of CAM use were observed among older adults and those with a higher education level.Conclusions. This study revealed a high prevalence of CAM use in Lebanon. Health policy and decision makers need to facilitate proper regulation and integration of CAM into mainstream medicine and educate health care providers and the public alike on the safe and effective use of CAM therapies.
Experimental Study on the Shock Absorption Performance of Combined Aluminium Honeycombs under Impact Loading
Authors: Cao Lei , Lin Yuliang , Lu Fangyun , Chen Rong , Zhang Zhifeng , Li Yan
Published: May 2015

Shock absorption characteristics of combined aluminium honeycomb structures were studied experimentally. In the experiments, a testing platform was design to compare the shock absorption level of different honeycomb specimens quantitatively. The shock response curves of six test points mounted on the platform were recorded with acceleration sensors when the buffer was impacted by a bullet driven by high pressure gas. The maximum acceleration values in time domain and in specifically spectral domain were obtained based on spectral analysis. Comparing the data of combined aluminium honeycomb buffer and single aluminium honeycomb buffer, conclusion can be obtained that shock absorbing characteristic of combined aluminium honeycomb buffer is better. Furthermore, compression properties of three kinds of buffers were tested under quasi-static state. The energy absorption parameters were calculated. The results show suitable combined aluminium honeycomb buffer can smooth the stress and lower the energy applied to the testing platform.
An Optimal CDS Construction Algorithm with Activity Scheduling in Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Penumalli Chakradhar , Palanichamy Yogesh
Published: May 2015

A new energy efficient optimal Connected Dominating Set (CDS) algorithm with activity scheduling for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) is proposed. This algorithm achieves energy efficiency by minimizing the Broadcast Storm Problem [BSP] and at the same time considering the node’s remaining energy. The Connected Dominating Set is widely used as a virtual backbone or spine in mobile ad hoc networks [MANETs] or Wireless Sensor Networks [WSN]. The CDS of a graph representing a network has a significant impact on an efficient design of routing protocol in wireless networks. Here the CDS is a distributed algorithm with activity scheduling based on unit disk graph [UDG]. The node’s mobility and residual energy (RE) are considered as parameters in the construction of stable optimal energy efficient CDS. The performance is evaluated at various node densities, various transmission ranges, and mobility rates. The theoretical analysis and simulation results of this algorithm are also presented which yield better results.
Serum Levels of Lipopolysaccharide and 1,3‐β‐D‐Glucan Refer to the Severity in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Guo Yanmin , Zhou Guangxi , He Chong , Yang Wenjing , He Zhenkun , Liu Zhanju
Published: May 2015

Objectives. Interactions between the host and gut microbial community contribute to the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD). In this study, we aimed to detect lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and 1,3‐β‐D‐glucan (BG) in the sera of CD patients and clarify the potential role in the diagnosis and therapeutic approaches. Materials and Methods. Serum samples were collected from 46 patients with active CD (A‐CD), 22 CD patients at remission stage (R‐CD), and 20 healthy controls, and the levels of LPS, BG, and TNF in sera were determined by ELISA. Moreover, sixteen patients with A‐CD received anti‐TNF monoclonal antibody therapy (infliximab, IFX) at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight at weeks 0, 2, and 6, and the levels of LPS and BG were also tested at week 12 after the first intravenous infusion. Results. Serum levels of LPS and BG were found to be markedly increased in A‐CD patients compared with R‐CD patients and healthy controls (P < 0.05). They were also observed to be positively correlated with CDAI, ESR, and SES‐CD, respectively (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of TNF in sera had a significant correlation with LPS and BG, respectively. The concentrations of LPS and BG were demonstrated to be significantly downregulated in the sera of A‐CD patients 12 weeks after IFX treatment (P < 0.05), suggesting that blockade of TNF could inhibit bacterial endotoxin absorption, partially through improving intestinal mucosal barrier. Conclusions. Serum levels of LPS and BG are significantly increased in A‐CD patients and positively correlated with the severity of the disease. Blockade of intestinal mucosal inflammation with IFX could reduce the levels of LPS and BG in sera. Therefore, this study has shed some light on measurement of serum LPS and BG in the diagnosis and treatment of CD patients.
Cumulative Weight Exposure Is Associated with Different Weight Loss Strategies and Weight Loss Success in Adults Age 50 or Above
Authors: Sénéchal Martin , Slaght Jana , Bouchard Danielle R.
Published: May 2015

Objectives. To evaluate if cumulative weight exposure is associated with weight loss strategy choices and weight loss success.Methods. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used; a total of 4,562 people age 50 years or older who reported trying to lose weight in the last year were studied. Cumulative weight exposure (CWE) score was defined as the sum of body mass index points above 25 kg/m2at the age of 25, 10 years ago, 1 year ago, and now. Weight loss strategies were self-reported and weight loss success was defined as reaching a 5% weight loss in the last year.Results. Chosen strategies for weight loss vary across tertiles of CWE. Participants in the highest CWE tertile were about 4 to 20 times more likely to lose at least 5% of body weight in the past year compared to those in the lowest CWE tertile (P<0.05).  Discussion. Strategies used to lose weight and weight loss success using different weight loss strategies vary considerably across cumulative weight exposure. Thus, cumulative weight exposure might be a variable worth considering when intervening with this population.