bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Urban Canopy Cover Before and After Housing Redevelopment in Falls Church, Virginia, USA
Authors: Chojnacky David , Smith-McKenna Emily , Johnson Laura , McGee John , Chojnacky Cindy
Published: January 2021

Local governments have created regulations aimed to maintain and increase valuable urban tree cover. The City of Falls Church, Virginia, USA, requires each residential redevelopment to retain or plant enough trees for 20% canopy cover within ten years. To assess whether this goal is being met, we studied 21 Falls Church residential lots redeveloped between 1994 and 2011 where existing houses had been replaced with larger ones. Initial tree inventories and measurements prior to redevelopment were recorded in redevelopment plans. We remeasured preserved and planted trees in a ground survey and modeled tree canopy growth from a periodic tree diameter growth model linked to a model relating tree and crown diameters. Geospatial analysis was used to calculate nonoverlapping canopy cover within lots from crown diameter measurements and/or model predictions. We found that the City of Falls Church generally met its 20% canopy cover goal, but that the canopy cover metric alone is insufficient to fully describe urban forest recovery. Although canopy cover might recover rapidly from planting many small trees, recovery to the larger tree sizes that maximize ecosystem services can take much longer. Our modeling of lot-scale growth from field measurements showed the potential to manage forests using traditional diameter-based forest metrics that would relate results to canopy cover when needed. These forest stand metrics—based on basal area and trees per hectare—can account for tree size changes masked by the canopy cover metric.
Street Tree Diversity in Massachusetts, USA
Authors: Cowett F.D. , Bassuk Nina
Published: January 2021

Pests, disease, and climate change pose major challenges to street tree survival, and diversity in tree species and genera is widely considered to promote the sustainability of municipal street tree populations. Conversely, the lack of sufficient diversity in street tree population was judged a contributing factor in the death and removal of thousands of street trees in Worcester, Massachusetts, that state’s second most populous city, due to an infestation of the Asian longhorned beetle (ALB, Anoplophora glabripennis). Therefore, reducing the dominance of prevalent street tree species and genera and increasing tree species and genera diversity are considered vital to sustainable street tree management and to the preservation of the ecosystem services and social benefits that street trees provide. This paper assesses street tree diversity in Massachusetts by analyzing a nonrandom sample of collated municipal street tree inventory data stratified by plant hardiness zones. Consistent with results previously found for Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania, results in Massachusetts indicate that a relatively small number of species and genera dominate the composition of most municipal street tree populations, including in particular Acer spp. (maple), one of the ALB’s favorite host genera. There is accordingly a need for greater species and genus diversity in municipal street tree populations statewide. While there may be a trend towards increased street tree diversity and reduction in the dominance of Acer spp., considerable work remains to be done.
The Effects of Integrated Vegetation Management on Richness of Native Compatible Flowering Plants and Abundance of Noncompatible Tree Species on a Right-of-Way in Central Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Mahan Carolyn G. , Ross Bradley D. , Yahner Richard T.
Published: January 2021

We examined the effects of integrated vegetation management (IVM) and nonselective mechanical removal techniques (hand cutting and mowing) on the richness and abundance of native compatible flowering plants and noncompatible trees on an electric transmission line right-of-way in central Pennsylvania, USA. Our study focused on native flowering plants to help determine how different vegetation management techniques may affect native wildlife communities. We found no correlation between amount of herbicide applied and native flowering plant species richness or tree abundance. We found that the richness of native flowering plants did not differ between plots treated with an IVM herbicide approach and those that were mechanically treated (t= 1.06, df = 1,p= 0.31). However, mechanically treated plots had significantly higher abundance of trees than IVM plots (t= 3.10, df = 1,p= 0.009). We found that plots that were treated with herbicide mixtures that contained glyphosate in 2012 had lower native flowering plant species richness in 2016 than those treated with herbicide mixtures that did not contain glyphosate (t= −2.44, df = 1,p= 0.04). Our study indicates that long-term IVM approaches support native flowering plant species richness while limiting tree abundance under electric transmission line right-of-way. However, further study is needed to determine if the herbicide type and method (selective versus broadcast) of application affects species richness of native flowering plant communities.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: SCHRÖDER Luciane Thomé , FRANÇA Juliana De Sá
Published: January 2021

Estimadas leitoras e estimados leitores, Quando a ementa desta edição foi proposta, sequer poderíamos imaginar que a publicação ocorreria em meio a uma pandemia. O surto de COVID-19 nos impôs distanciamento social. Alterou as relações pessoais e profissionais: fomos forçados a reinventar nosso cotidiano e as maneiras de interagir. A televisão, os jornais, as revistas, as redes sociais, os aplicativos de mensagens, entre outros suportes, passaram a ser nossa conexão com a informação e com o outro. O mundo sendo lido de diferentes maneiras, a partir diferentes suportes, de dentro de nossas casas.Se à época da proposição da chamada para publicação, a leitura nos parecia um tema pertinente, o atual contexto reitera a necessidade de que ela seja (ainda mais) debatida, difundida, atualizada e potencializada. Ainda que os textos da edição não se remetam a práticas orientadas no atual cenário, as abordagens que seguem em cada um dos estudos, constituem-se em esforços de pesquisadoras e pesquisadores na reflexão/trabalho sobre a leitura na escola, cujo objetivo incide na formação do sujeito leitor: reflexivo, crítico e atuante na sociedade em que se insere.Assim, o presente número da Revista Trama apresenta como tema a Leitura em suas diferentes perspectivas teórico-metodológicas: da teoria ao ensino e pretende contribuir com as discussões e a compreensão de práticas relacionadas à leitura.Marechal Cândido Rondon, outubro de 2020.(Arquivo completo em PDF)
The “Big Ideas of Science” for the school classroom: Promoting interdisciplinary activities and the interconnection of the science subjects taught in primary and secondary education
Authors: Eleftheria Tsourlidaki , Sotiriou Sofoklis , Doran Rosa
Published: January 2021

This paper presents the “Big Ideas of Science” set as an alternative means of organizing science educational content in an interdisciplinary way that goes beyond the traditional subject-based organizational structures. The “Big Ideas of Science” refers to a set of phrases which overarch all science subject domains and briefly describe our world; from the macrocosm to the microcosm. Building upon previous work done in the field, we introduce a set of phrases (eight) which constitute our proposed “Big Ideas of Science”. Our team carried out a research with teachers in primary and secondary education, and a small group of stakeholders, so as to examine the degree to which this set of phrases could facilitate science teaching and learning. In our research, we introduced to participants the “Big Ideas of Science” as an organization scheme that promotes interdisciplinary learning and it allows students to build more effectively on their existing knowledge by making connections between concepts and principles taught in different science disciplines. Our results indicate that such an organization scheme could be beneficial to teachers and students, as it can play or act as a backbone structure that promotes interdisciplinary science learning, and enable students to make easy connections between subjects taught. In addition, based on the feedback from stakeholders, the “Big Ideas of Science” could be helpful in promoting interdisciplinary learning, as they can be used to organize science content in schools in a sustainable way that is not affected by curriculum changes.
Real STEM: An Interdisciplinary STEM Program
Authors: Mayes Robert , Rittschof Kent , Gallant Bryon , Martin Charlie
Published: January 2021

The integration of STEM programs within the educational framework through the establishment of STEM-designated schools and academic/career pathways is a national trend in the United States. The goal of implementing STEM in grade 6 to 12 schools is to prepare students for the demands of the 21st century, while addressing future workforce needs. Often, however, the STEM disciplines are taught within silos independent of each other. Students miss the opportunity to participate in the interrelationship between the STEM disciplines, resulting in missed opportunities to build critical reasoning skills. The Real STEM project focused on the development of interdisciplinary STEM experiences for students. The project was characterized by sustained professional development which was job-embedded and competency-based, and focused on the development of five STEM reasoning abilities within real-world contexts. To accomplish this we promoted inclusion of tasks that drew on multiple STEM disciplines, embraced the use of authentic teaching strategies, and supported development of collaboration through interdisciplinary STEM professional learning communities within the school and STEM experts from the community. The four tenets of the Real STEM project are presented, research on impact on teacher practice is provided, and school and teacher takeaways are discussed.
Breaking Boundaries in Computing in Undergraduate Courses
Authors: Dahlquist Kam D. , Dionisio John David N. , Libeskind-Hadas Ran , Bargagliotti Anna
Published: January 2021

An important question in undergraduate curricula is that of incorporating computing into STEM courses for majors and non-majors alike. What does it mean to teach “computing” in this context? What are some of the benefits and challenges for students and instructors in such courses? This paper contributes to this important dialog by describing three undergraduate courses that have been developed and taught at Harvey Mudd College and Loyola Marymount University. Each case study describes the course objectives, implementation challenges, and assessments.
“Can We Build the Wind Powered Car Again?” Students’ and Teachers’ Responses to a New Integrated STEM Curriculum
Authors: Anderson Judy , Wilson Kate , Tully Debbie , Way Jenni
Published: January 2021

Recently, STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) education has become a focus in the Australian context, particularly since the release of government-initiated reports into Australia’s falling performance on international tests and fewer enrolments in senior school STEM subjects and university STEM degrees. Since student engagement in STEM subjects begins to decline in primary school (Kindergarten to grade 6 in Australia [5-12 years of age]), addressing engagement and achievement in the STEM subjects requires support for teachers to design curriculum that enthuses students and develops their understanding of the role of the STEM subjects in solving real-world problems. To that end, a year-long professional learning program was developed to assist small teams of teachers from each of 13 primary schools in designing integrated STEM curriculum approaches. To determine the impact of the program on teachers’ capacity to design integrated STEM curriculum and on students’ STEM attitudes and aspirations, data were collected using both qualitative and quantitative research methods. This paper presents a case study of one of the participating primary schools. From the 44 grade 3 students who completed both pre- and post-surveys, students’ attitudes and aspirations towards the STEM subjects showed significant positive shifts. Analyses of school documents and transcripts of interviews with four teachers and a group of four students from the school enabled.
Developing a Pedagogical Framework and Design Principles for STEM Learning Environment Design
Authors: Mäkelä Tiina , Fenyvesi Kristof , Mäki-Kuutti Matias
Published: January 2021

The need for effective and attractive learning environments (LEs) for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) has been internationally recognized. Additionally, the connection between STEM learning and cross-curricular skills such as creativity, innovation, and entrepreneurship has garnered attention. A deep theoretical and empirical understanding is required when designing STEM LEs. In this study, a pedagogical framework for STEM LEs has been developed based on feedback from students, aged 10–18 years old, teachers, school directors, parents, and STEM professionals, and supported by the literature. First, representatives of key stakeholder groups in Belarus, Finland, Germany, Greece, and Spain (total n = 132) were invited to co-design focus group (FG) 1 sessions to collect their wishes related to STEM LEs. The data was collected through an online survey with open-ended questions. The analysis of the data led to the design of the pedagogical framework, which was validated by the same stakeholder groups (total n = 137) in FG2 discussions. The empirically and theoretically grounded framework entails general design principles as well as principles related to ways of teaching and learning, socio-emotional aspects, and cross-curricular skills. Both the results of this study and the previous literature suggest that different pedagogical design principles are highly interrelated. For instance, novel tools and methods, collaborative methods, reflective learning, and entrepreneurial skills may support creativity and innovation, and vice versa. Therefore, instead of focusing on singular design principles, we recommend considering a wide range of different LE design principles to support multiple ways of teaching and learning, and to develop both subject-related and cross-curricular knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and ethics.
How Parents Support Children’s Informal Learning Experiences with Robots
Authors: Relkin Emily , Govind Madhu , Tsiang Jaclyn , Bers Marina
Published: January 2021

Coding and robotic technologies are becoming more prominent in early childhood STEM education. Parents, who are key facilitators of children’s early educational experiences, are increasingly invited to engage with their children in collaborative robotics activities. Few studies have focused on the ways in which parents support young children’s informal learning experiences involving robots. This paper presents two different approaches to exploring how parents support young children’s engagement. Both studies involve KIBO, a screen-free robot programmed with tangible wooden blocks. The first approach brought together children ages 5-7 with their parents in small groups for 1-2-hour “KIBO Family Day” workshops. Findings from parent surveys (N = 51) indicated that these workshops significantly enhanced families’ interest in coding. Parents also reported engaging as coaches, whereas children engaged as playmates and planners. To further explore the role of parents as coaches, three parent-child dyads were invited to participate in a 20-minute videotaped KIBO play session. Findings indicated that parents predominantly used cognitive scaffolding strategies, such as asking questions, offering suggestions, and verbally acknowledging their child’s actions. Affective and technical scaffolding strategies were used less frequently. Study limitations and implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Hybrid Gender Threats as an Element of the Destabilization of the Activities of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine
Authors: Iierusalymov Vladyslav
Published: January 2021

Hybrid gender threats are used as an element to weaken the Ukrainian society in the country, to split it and to complicate its integration into NATO and the EU significantly. The toolkit for this type of threat is the destabilization of parliament activities, especially in terms of the implementation of its legislative function due to blocking the passage of bills, as well as the removal of «gender terminology» with a view to further manipulation in the field of equal rights and opportunities.
Key words: gender, European integration, legislative activity, abortion right, domestic violence.
Las fuentes de inspiración de una obra teatral de Calderón de la Barca sobre el Perú
Authors: Lohmann Villena Guillermo
Published: January 2021

Aunque en verdad no figura entre las obras más divulgadas de su repertorio, es sabido que entre la producción teatral del insigne autor español Pedro Calderón de la Barca (1600-1681) se registra un drama profano titulado "La aurora en Copacabana", cuyo primer acto transcurre en Túmbez, el segundo en elCuzco y el último, en Copacabana misma y en La Paz. En el reparto, ciertamente abigarrado, aparecen como interlocutores Huáscar Inga, rey; Yupangui,indio, galán; Tucapel, indio, gracioso; Don Francisco Pizarro; Don Diego de Almagro; Pedro de Candia; Don Lorenzo de Mendoza, Conde de la Coruña, Virrey; Don Jerónimo Marañón, Gobernador de Copacabana; Guacolda, sacerdotisa, india; Glauca, india, graciosa; un tipo simbólico, la Idolatría (en traje deindia), y por último, personajes de importancia secundaria.
Himawari-8-derived diurnal variations of ground-level PM2.5 pollution across China using a fast space-time Light Gradient Boosting Machine
Authors: Wei Jing , Li Zhanqing , Pinker Rachel T. , Sun Lin , Xue Wenhao , Li Runze
Published: January 2021

Abstract. PM2.5 has been used as an important atmospheric environmental parameter primarily due to its impact on human health. PM2.5 is affected by both natural and anthropogenic factors that usually have strong diurnal variations. Monitoring it does not only help understand the causes of air pollution but also our adaptation to it. Most existing PM2.5 products have been derived from polar-orbiting satellites. This study exploits the usage of the next-generation geostationary meteorological satellite Himawari-8/AHI in revealing its diurnal variations. Given the huge volume of the satellite data, a highly efficient tree-based Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) learning approach, which is based on the idea of gradient boosting, is applied by involving the spatiotemporal characteristics of air pollution, named the space-time LightGBM (STLG) model. Hourly PM2.5 data set in China (i.e., ChinaHighPM2.5) at a 5 km spatial resolution is derived based on the Himawari-8/AHI aerosol products together with other variables. The hourly PM2.5 estimates (N = 1,415,188) are well correlated with ground measurements (R2 = 0.85) with a RMSE and MAE of 13.62 and 8.49 μg/m3 respectively in China. Our model can capture well the PM2.5 diurnal variations, where the pollution increases gradually in the morning, and reaches a peak at about 10:00 a.m. local time, then decreases steadily until sunset. The proposed approach outperforms most traditional statistical regression and tree-based machine learning models with a much lower computation burden in terms of speed and memory, making it most suitable for routine pollution monitoring.
Downscaling system for modelling of atmospheric composition on regional, urban and street scales
Authors: Nuterman Roman , Mahura Alexander , Baklanov Alexander , Amstrup Bjarne , Zakey Ashraf
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In this study, the downscaling modelling chain for prediction of weather and atmospheric composition is described and evaluated against observations. The chain consists of interfaced models for forecasting at different spatio-temporal scales and run in a semi-operational mode. The forecasts were performed for European (EU) regional and Danish (DK) sub-regional/urban-scales by the offline coupled numerical weather prediction HIRLAM and atmospheric chemical transport CAMx models, and for Copenhagen city/street scale – by the online coupled computational fluid dynamics M2UE model. The results showed elevated NOx and lowered O3 concentrations over major urban, industrial and transport land/water routes in both the EU and DK domain forecasts. The O3 diurnal cycle predictions in both these domains were equally good, although O3 values were closer to observations for Denmark. At the same time, the DK forecast of NOx levels was more biased (with better prediction score of the diurnal cycle) than EU forecast, indicating a necessity to adjust emission rates. Further downscaling to the street level (Copenhagen) indicated that the NOx pollution was 2-fold higher on weekend and more than 5 times higher during working day with high pollution episode. Despite of high uncertainty in road traffic emissions, the street-scale model captured well the NOx diurnal cycle and onset of elevated pollution episode. The demonstrated downscaling system could be used in future online integrated meteorology and air quality research and operational forecasting, as well as applied for impact assessments on environment, population and decision making for emergency preparedness and safety measures planning.
Inter-comparison of O2/N2 Ratio Scales Among AIST, NIES, TU, and SIO Based on Round-Robin Using Gravimetric Standard Mixtures
Authors: Aoki Nobuyuki , Ishidoya Shigeyuki , Tohjima Yasunori , Morimoto Shinji , Keeling Ralph F. , Cox Adam , Takebayashi Shuichiro , Murayama Shohei
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A study was conducted to compare the δ(O2/N2) scales used by four laboratories engaged in atmospheric δ(O2/N2) measurements. These laboratories are the Research Institute for Environmental Management Technology, Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (EMRI/AIST), the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tohoku University (TU), and Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). Therefore, five high-precision standard mixtures for O2 molar fraction gravimetrically prepared by the National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), AIST (NMIJ/AIST) with a standard uncertainty of less than 5 per meg were used as round-robin standard mixtures. EMRI/AIST, NIES, TU, and SIO reported the analysed values of the standard mixtures on their own δ(O2/N2) scales, and the values were compared with the δ(O2/N2) values gravimetrically determined by NMIJ/AIST (the NMIJ/AIST scale). The δ(O2/N2) temporal drift in the five standard mixtures during the inter-comparison experiment was corrected based on the δ(O2/N2) values analysed before and after the experiments by EMRI/AIST. The scales are compared based on offsets in zero and span. The span offsets from the NMIJ/AIST scale ranged from −0.17 % to 3.3 %, corresponding with the difference of 0.29 Pg yr−1 in the estimates for land biospheric and oceanic CO2 uptakes. The zero offsets from the NMIJ/AIST scale are −581.0 ± 2.2, −221.4 ± 3.1, −243.0 ± 3.0, and −50.7 ± 2.4 per meg for EMRI/AIST, TU, NIES, and SIO, respectively. The atmospheric δ(O2/N2) values observed at Hateruma Island (HAT; 24.05° N, 123.81° E), Japan, by EMRI/AIST and NIES became comparable by converting their scales to the NMIJ/AIST scale.
Detection of Ship Plumes from Residual Fuel Operation in Emission Control Areas using Single-Particle Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Passig Johannes , Schade Julian , Irsig Robert , Li Lei , Li Xue , Zhou Zhen , Adam Thomas , Zimmermann Ralf
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Ships are main contributors to global air pollution with substantial impacts on climate and public health. To improve air quality in densely populated coastal areas and to protect sensitive ecosystems, sulfur emission control areas (SECA) were established in many regions of the world. Ships in SECAs operate with low-sulfur fuels, typically distillate fractions such as marine gas oil (MGO). Alternatively, exhaust gas cleaning devices (scrubbers) can be implemented to remove SO2 from the exhaust, thus allowing the use of cheap high-sulfur residual fuels. Compliance monitoring is established in harbors, but difficult in open water because of high costs and technical limitations. Here we present the first experiments to detect individual ship plumes from distances of several kilometers by single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS). In contrast to most monitoring approaches that evaluate the gaseous emissions, such as manned or unmanned surveillance flights, sniffer technologies and remote sensing, we analyze the chemical composition of the particulate phase that is transported by the wind over long distances. We optimized SPMS technology for the evaluation of residual fuel emissions and demonstrate their detection in a SECA. Our experiments show that ships with installed scrubbers can emit PM emissions with health-relevant metals in quantities high enough to be detected from more than 10 km distance, emphasizing the importance of novel exhaust cleaning technologies and cleaner fuels. Because of the unique and stable metal signatures, our method is not affected by urban background. With this study, we establish a route towards a novel monitoring protocol for ship emissions. Therefore, we present and discuss mass spectral signatures that indicate the particle age, and thus the distance to the source. By matching ship transponder data, measured wind data and air mass back trajectories, we show, how real-time SPMS data can be evaluated to assign distant ship passages.
High-resolution induced polarization imaging of biogeochemical carbon-turnover hot spots in a peatland
Authors: Katona Timea , Gilfedder Benjamin Silas , Frei Sven , Bücker Matthias , Flores-Orozco Adrian
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Biogeochemical hot spots are defined as areas where biogeochemical processes occur with anomalously high reaction rates relative to their surroundings. Due to their importance in carbon and nutrient cycling, characterization of hot spots is critical to accurately predict carbon budgets in the context of climate change. However, biogeochemical hot spots are difficult to identify in the environment, as sampling resolutions are often too coarse to find these areas in the subsurface. Here, we present imaging results of a geophysical survey using the non-invasive induced polarization (IP) method to identify biogeochemical hot spots of carbon turnover in a minerotrophic wetland. To interpret the field-scale IP signatures, geochemical analyses were performed on freeze-core samples obtained in areas characterized by anomalously high and low IP responses. Our results reveal large variations in the electrical response, with the highest IP phase values (> 20 mrad) corresponding with high concentrations of phosphates (> 4000 μM), an indicator of carbon turnover. Moreover, analysis of the freeze core reveal negligible concentrations of iron sulfides. The extensive geochemical and geophysical data presented in our study demonstrates that IP images can assess changes in the biogeochemical activity in peat, and identify hot spots.
Winter atmospheric boundary layer observations over sea ice in the coastal zone of the Bay of Bothnia (Baltic Sea)
Authors: Wenta Marta , Brus David , Doulgeris Konstantinos , Vakkari Ville , Herman Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The Hailuoto Atmospheric Observations over Sea ice (HAOS) campaign took place
at the westernmost point of Hailuoto island (Finland) between 27 February and
2 March 2020. The aim of the campaign was to obtain atmospheric boundary layer
(ABL) observations over seasonal sea ice in the Bay of Bothnia. Throughout
4 d, both fixed-wing and quad-propeller rotorcraft unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAVs) were deployed over the sea ice to measure the properties of the
lower ABL and to obtain accompanying high-resolution aerial photographs of the
underlying ice surface. Additionally, a 3D sonic anemometer, an automatic
weather station, and a Halo Doppler lidar were installed on the shore to
collect meteorological observations. During the UAV flights, measurements of
temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure were collected at four different altitudes between 25 and 100 m over an area of
∼ 1.5 km2 of sea ice, located 1.1–1.3 km off the shore of Hailuoto's Marjaniemi pier, together with orthomosaic maps of the ice
surface below. Altogether the obtained dataset consists of 27 meteorological
flights, four photogrammetry missions, and continuous measurements of atmospheric
properties from ground-based stations located at the coast. The acquired
observations have been quality controlled and post-processed and are available
through the PANGAEA repository
(https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.918823, Wenta et al., 2020).
The obtained dataset provides us with valuable information about ABL properties over thin, newly formed sea ice cover and about physical processes at the interface of sea ice and atmosphere which may be used for the validation and further improvement of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models.
MESMO 3: Flexible phytoplankton stoichiometry and refractory DOM
Authors: Matsumoto Katsumi , Tanioka Tatsuro , Zahn Jacob
Published: January 2021

Abstract. We describe the third version of Minnesota Earth System Model for Ocean biogeochemistry (MESMO 3), an earth system model of intermediate complexity, with a dynamical ocean, a dynamic-thermodynamic sea ice, and an energy moisture balanced atmosphere. A major feature of Version 3 is the flexible C : N : P ratio for the three phytoplankton functional types represented in the model. The flexible stoichiometry is based on the power law formulation with environmental dependence on phosphate, nitrate, temperature, and light. Other new features include nitrogen fixation, water column denitrification, oxygen and temperature-dependent organic matter remineralization, and CaCO3 production based on the concept of the residual nitrate potential growth. Also, we describe the semi-labile and refractory dissolved organic pools of C, N, P, and Fe that can be enabled in MEMSO 3 as an optional feature. The refractory dissolved organic matter can be degraded by photodegradation at the surface and hydrothermal vent degradation at the bottom. These improvements provide a basis for using MESMO 3 in further investigations of the global marine carbon cycle to changes in the environmental conditions of the past, present, and future.
Investigating 3D and 4D Variational Rapid-Update-Cycling Assimilation of Weather Radar Reflectivity for a Flash Flood Event in Central Italy
Authors: Mazzarella Vincenzo , Ferretti Rossella , Picciotti Errico , Marzano Frank S.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. The precipitation forecast over the Mediterranean basin is still a challenge because of the complex orographic region which amplifies the need for local observation to correctly initialize the forecast. In this context the data assimilation techniques play a key role in improving the initial conditions and consequently the timing and position of precipitation pattern. For the first time, the ability of a cycling 4D-Var to reproduce a severe weather event in central Italy, as well as to provide a comparison with the largely used cycling 3D-Var, is evaluated in this study. The radar reflectivity measured by the Italian ground radar network is assimilated in the WRF model to simulate an event occurred on May 3, 2018 in central Italy. In order to evaluate the impact of data assimilation, several simulations are objectively compared by means of a Fraction Skill Score (FSS), which is calculated for several threshold values, and a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The results suggest that both assimilation methods in cycling mode improve the 1, 3 and 6-hourly quantitative precipitation estimation. More specifically, the cycling 4D-Var with a warm start initialization shows the highest FSS values in the first hours of simulation both with light and heavy precipitation. Finally, the ROC curve confirms the benefit of 4D-Var: the area under the curve is 0.91 compared to the 0.88 of control experiment without data assimilation.
The Effects of Total Quality Management Practices and Marketing on Performance of SMEs. A Case of Selected Manufacturing Industries, Greece
Authors: Kalogiannidis Stavros Ioannis
Published: January 2021

Most global studies have to a greater extent underscored the importance of Total quality management practices and some marketing aspects concerning organizational performance. Most studies have focused on establishing the level to which TQM practices influence customer satisfaction and not the whole organization. There is also little evidence on how marketing practices influence organizational performance. This study therefore seeks to assess the impact of Total Quality management practices and marketing on organizational performance. Data was collected from a sample size of 289 respondents who were employees of the different manufacturing industries in Greece. Data was analyzed using SPSS and Pearson’s rank correlation coefficient was used to establish the relationship between study variables. The study findings confirmed the presence of a relationship between TQM practices and organizational performance. Similarly there was a positive relationship between marketing practices and organizational performance. The study concluded that the TQM practices and marketing are great influencers of quality hence should always be applied in organizations.
LA ESCUELA COMO CONTEXTO DE CONTENCIÓN SOCIAL Y AFECTIVA
Authors: Ascorra Costa Paula , Arias Zamora Helga , Graff Gutiérrez Catalina
Published: January 2021

La Reforma Educacional Chilena, iniciada en los 90, planteó como objetivo mejorar la calidad y equidad de la educación, intentando favorecer los procesos de deuteroaprendizaje, con el objeto de crear sujetos críticos capaces de relacionarse con distintos tipos de conocimiento. Lo anterior supuso introducir un cambio en las relaciones que tradicionalmente se desarrollaban en contextos escolares. Por lo anterior, se hizo necesario analizar las interacciones entre práctica pedagógica y clima de aula, tema que nos proponemos desarrollar en el presente artículo El estudio se llevó a cabo en un 8º año básico de la comuna de Villa Alemana, Chile. Se utilizó el enfoque metodológico cualitativo, a través de estrategias descriptivo-interpretativo. La producción de la información se realizó utilizando la observación de campo y entrevistas grupales e individuales. La información producida permite sostener que el clima de aula y la práctica pedagógica se influyen mutuamente determinando los límites y las posibilidades de desarrollo de conocimiento. En el caso en estudio, se observó que la Escuela y quienes la componen, funcionan privilegiando un rol que busca compensar las carencias de los alumnos, lo que transforma a la institución educacional en un hogar de acogida para menores más que en una escuela.
La educación de los jóvenes
Authors: Escudero Burrows Ethel
Published: January 2021

Exposición en un Panel sobre la educación de los jóvenes que tuvo lugar hace veinte años en un Congreso Nacional sobre la Juventud Chilena. El propósito es que sirva de base para una reflexión comparativa con la situación y los problemas que enfrentamos hoy y dimensionar su evolución durante este período.

Se hace referencia al concepto de educación, proceso educativo y a dos posturas en el área; filosófica-humanista y científica-tecnológica; a aspectos éticos y axiológicos que involucra la calidad de la educación; a la idea de futuro que implica la orientación que se da a la formación de las nuevas generaciones y al conjunto de diagnósticos de nuestro tiempo requerido en la toma de decisiones.

Se presentan tendencias que caracterizan a los jóvenes, así como la preparación de recursos humanos para la acción pedagógica: los profesores.
Similarities and Differences between Classical and Jazz Saxophone Playing
Authors: Puskás Levente
Published: January 2021

The saxophone is one of the most popular, almost ubiquitous instruments of our time. It is unimaginable that the saxophone would not appear in an orchestra or band in jazz, popular music, dance music, pop music, or even folk music. It is not widely known, however, that the story and history of the saxophone dates as far back as around 170(!) years ago. In 2014 the 200th birthday of Adolphe Sax the inventor, after whom the instrument got its name, was celebrated. Sax was the first saxophone professor at the Conservatoire de Paris. For most of the 19th century, mostly Classical and Romantic pieces were usually played by the saxophone, as the genre of jazz came into existence only around the 1910s–1920s. At that point classical and jazz (popular) saxophone music separated. Differences between the two styles can still be observed in both musical approach and technique. This study presents the similarities and differences between these two highly distinct approaches. Keywords: saxophone, Adolphe Sax, classical music, jazz
ILUMINISMO AGORA
Authors: Pacheco Gionatan Carlos
Published: January 2021

Resenha do novo livro de Steven Pinker, O novo Iluminismo: Em defesa da razão, da ciência e do humanismo (2018).
AUTONOMY AND LIBERTY IN AUGUSTINE AND KANT: THE PREDOMINANCE OF THE FORMALISM IN THE CONCEPT OF WILL
Authors: Cerqueira Marcone Costa
Published: January 2021

The aims that animates this research is to demonstrate how the theoretical construction of the aspects of the foundations of the will, perceived in a final configuration in Kantian thought, requires by way of searching for an autonomous instance of desire, disengaged of the heteronomy of the contingent, which appears first in the Christian Middle Ages construction, establishing the predominance of the formal aspect of the action over its material aspect in the ethical-political field in the West. The theoretical basis of our hypothesis is guided by the relationship between the formal (intentionality – want) and concrete (materiality – act) of political action. Such a configuration will be demonstrated from the construction of a theory of the will, which has arisen within the medieval Christianity, expanded and refined by several western authors, and your more formatting done in modern thought, in which the rational construction of formalism is your complete maturation in Kantian construct.
A POLÍTICA DE MORTE NA PERIFERIA DA GOVERNAMENTALIDADE NEOLIBERAL
Authors: Negris Adriano
Published: January 2021

RESUMO: O presente artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar a relação entre necropolítica e neoliberalismo. Para cumprir a tarefa proposta, tomaremos como fio condutor a noção de governamentalidade neoliberal concebida por Michel Foucault. No estudo sobre a biopolítica Foucault se depara com o problema da população e as formas de governo. Para tratar o tema, Foucault apresenta o conceito de governamentalidade e suas modificações históricas. É nesse contexto de surgem as formas modernas de governamentalidade: o liberalismo e o neoliberalismo. A partir desse ponto da racionalidade governamental moderna, pretendemos demonstrar como a ideia de necropolítica pensada pelo filósofo Achille Mbembe pode se refletir no contexto do neoliberalismo. Nesse sentido, veremos que se por um lado a governamentalidade neoliberal torna-se a grade interpretativa para leitura da biopolítica, por outro lado, para a leitura atual do neoliberalismo é imprescindível a compreensão de uma política de morte que se articula em sua periferia.
A NATUREZA DO INTELECTO SEGUNDO SANTO ALBERTO MAGNO
Authors: Afonso Robson
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho, baseado na obra De intellectu et intelligibili de Alberto Magno, tem o objetivo de investigar sobre a natureza do intelecto humano, identificando como o Doctor Universalis dedicou-se a esse estudo e como essa problemática chegou até seu tempo, o século XIII. As respostas que Santo Alberto Magno trouxe sobre a natureza do intelecto e o problema do conhecimento, tem como base os textos de Aristóteles sobre a alma e as interpretações de alguns filósofos árabes sobre eles.  A originalidade de Alberto Magno está no fato de considerar que o estudo da natureza do intelecto e dos inteligíveis coloca em questão o próprio homem que, assim passa a conhecer a si mesmo, já que ele próprio é intelecto.
PEDAGOGIA ECO-ANCESTRAL: CAMINHOS PARA (R)EXISTÊNCIA DE INFÂNCIAS NEGRAS
Authors: Trancoso Joelma dos Santos Rocha , Oliveira Kiusam Regina de
Published: January 2021

O presente artigo busca discorrer e problematizar o percurso histórico e legal da educação infantil, primeira etapa da educação, a partir da exclusão da negritude no processo histórico e pedagógico, o qual invisibiliza a cultura e epistemologia negra. Apresenta os esforços do movimento de mulheres e do movimento negro para a garantia ao direito à educação. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica aponta os documentos oficiais legais que ratificam o ensino de história e cultura africana e afro-brasileira na educação infantil, como também propõe o rompimento das práticas que silenciam e marginalizam corpos negros, apresentando o caminho da Pedagogia Eco-Ancestral (Oliveira,2019) enquanto possibilidade teórica, prática e metodológica de modificar paradigmas estruturais que reproduzem o racismo entre os profissionais da Educação. Por fim, a partir da Pedagogia Eco-Ancestral, ratificamos a importância de se problematizar os métodos e materiais utilizados nas unidades de ensino, compreendendo as experiências e relações que se afirmam nas instituições de educação infantil com as crianças a partir da mediação dos professores, problematizando suas realidades e suas histórias, no esforço crítico e conscientemente voltado a garantir uma educação antirracista, evitando, assim, consequências danosas para as crianças e adultos negros, como também para toda sociedade.
The Gift Outright?
Authors: Rollert John Paul ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2021

What does it mean to aspire to philanthropy? How might this shape popular views about charitable purpose? By one-on-one interviews and a review of the ethics of giving in the American experience, I take a long look at how views on philanthropic giving have changed over time and how this has helped to shape, and re-shape, the ethics of giving.
Creature Comfort
Authors: Matevia Marilyn L. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: January 2021

Can human co-existence with wild animals can be mediated by an ethic of hospitality? Some Christian environmental and animal ethicists have outlined ways Christians can model a more expansive, imaginative, and informed hospitality toward non-human animals. This paper will explore philosophical and theological underpinnings for such a practice, to ask whether it can have any prescriptive “teeth” when the interests of humans and non-human, non-domestic animals collide in ways that humans perceive as costly. The paper will argue that a commitment to interspecies hospitality can indeed function as a biocentric and biblical form of justice that adapts and extends community to our fellow creatures.
The Art Of Teaching: Logical Approaches to (—a)(—b) = ab and x0 = 1
Authors: Engen H. Van
Published: January 2021

An examination of ninth grade algebras shows that authors introduce the multiplication of positive and negative numbers in a variety of ways. This is particularly true of the product (—a) (— b). The methods used to introduce x0 = 1 are not as diverse as those used to introduce (—a)(—b). However most of the methods used by elementary texts for introducing these two topics can be characterized as being distinctly pseudo-mathematical. Many texts appeal to higher authority (the “mathematicians”). A very few texts approach logical rigor. The authors of the latter texts protect themselves against charges of being illogical by pointing out that such exercises as: if the thermameter fell 3° per hour for the past 2 hours, then 2 hours ago it read 6° higher than now; that is (–3°) (–2) = +6°, are given for purposes of illustration only.
Mathematics an Essential of Culture
Authors: Carnahan Walter H.
Published: January 2021

What is culture? Is it a matter of how one holds his cigarette, or how one holds a lady on a dance floor, or how one holds his liquor? Is it a matter of which fork one uses at the dinner table, or which tie he wears with a tuxedo, or to which book club one belongs? Is it a matter of ideals, or philosophy, or subjects which one is interested in and can discuss intelligently? I have purposely refrained from looking up the meaning of the word in making preparation for this discussion for the definition has little to do with this presentation. I am here interested in but one phase of culture, the phase that relates to the intellectual interests of men, their participation in thinking and talking intelligently about those matters that affect their lives forcefully and intimately. The cultured man should, I think, be able to discuss religion with a minimum of cant and emotion, should be able to discuss business and economics with a minimum of consideration of one's own financial gain or loss, and should be able to discuss science and mathematics as readily and intelligently as any of the other subjects that affect the lives of men intimately and continuously.
What Do We Mean by Meaning in Arithmetic?
Authors: Johnson J. T.
Published: January 2021

This decade has witnessed an increase in the number of articles discussing the question of meaning in arithmetic. A very good text book has appeared on ELEMENTARY ARITHMETIC: ITS MEANING AND PRACTICE.
The Relative Effectiveness of Two Methods of Teaching Certain Topics in Ninth Grade Algebra
Authors: Michael R. E.
Published: January 2021

Two distinct methods of teaching positive and negative numbers, the fundamental operations with them, and the solution of simple equations were subjected to controlled classroom experimentation in this research to determine their relative effectiveness.
The Need for Extending Arithmetical Learnings
Authors: Sueltz Ben A. , Benedick John W.
Published: January 2021

The current trend toward teaching arithmetic and mathematics for “meaning” and “understanding” coupled with the aim to achieve functional competence on the part of the pupil is causing reverberation among mathematics teachers. Teachers ask, “What and how much can pupils really understand?” and “Shall I teach this topic if I cannot find more than a few poor examples of functional usefulness?” While these questions do not represent the point of view of all teachers, they are indicative of a growing discontent with the achievement in mathematics at both the elementary and secondary school levels. Of course, people in business and industry, as well as representatives of the armed services in the late war, have repeatedly asked that curriculum workers and mathematics teachers do something (almost anything) that will educate the common citizen so that he has at least a modicum of competence in the mathematical situations with which he is repeatedly confronted.
A Crucial Aspect of Meaningful Arithmetic Instruction
Authors: Weaver J. Fred
Published: January 2021

The first1 and especially the second2 report of the Commission on Post-War Plans of the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics has done much to crystallize the constructive thinking and productive research of authoritative leaders in the field. Three theses from the second report epitomize the happy trend of the past few years, especially as regards arithmetic.