bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Specific case consideration for implanting TKA with the Kinematic Alignment technique
Authors: Rivière Charles , Jackson William , Villet Loïc , Sivaloganathan Sivan , Barziv Yaron , Vendittoli Pascal-André
Published: October 2021

The Kinematic Alignment (KA) technique for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an alternative surgical technique aiming to resurface knee articular surfaces. The restricted KA (rKA) technique for TKA applies boundaries to the KA technique in order to avoid reproducing extreme constitutional limb/knee anatomies. The vast majority of TKA cases are straightforward and can be performed with KA in a standard (unrestricted) fashion. There are some specific situations where performing KA TKA may be more challenging (complex KA TKA cases) and surgical technique adaptations should be included. To secure good clinical outcomes, complex KA TKA cases must be preoperatively recognized, and planned accordingly. The proposed classification system describes six specific issues that must be considered when aiming for a KA TKA implantation. Specific recommendations for each situation type should improve the reliability of the prosthetic implantation to the benefit of the patient. The proposed classification system could contribute to the adoption of a common language within our orthopaedic community that would ease inter-surgeon communication and could benefit the teaching of the KA technique. This proposed classification system is not exhaustive and will certainly be improved over time.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:881-891. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.210042
The Development of a GIS-Based Framework to Locate Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste Collection Points for an Optimal Waste Conversion Facility
Authors: Patel Prashant , Vaezi Mahdi , Sebastian Roshni Mary , Kumar Amit
Published: October 2021

Highlights

An integrated GIS-based tool was developed for optimally locating bioenergy facilities.

Waste and lignocellulosic biomass potential and distribution were assessed for Alberta.

A case study for Alberta’s Industrial Heartland identified facility locations for two scenarios.

Ten optimal locations were identified across Alberta for bioconversion of waste and biomass feeds.

Abstract. Quantifying the availability of feedstock and determining an optimal location are key to ensuring the sustainability of a waste to value-added (W2VA) facility. This study aims to identify lignocellulosic biomass (agricultural and forest residues) and municipal solid waste (MSW) potential, find geographical point-source locations for the distributed biomass, and identify optimal locations for W2VA facilities across the province of Alberta, Canada, using an integrated geographic information system (GIS) based approach. MSW potential is estimated using population and average annual waste generation per capita, while agriculture and forest residue are estimated using production data and harvesting residue factor. A GIS-based framework is developed to locate biomass collection points by latitude and longitude for distributed biomass and to estimate their associated biomass potential. An integrated framework is subsequently developed to optimally locate W2VA facilities that have minimal environmental, economic, and social impacts. An array of geographical constraints is then considered in a suitability analysis and network analysis framework. An estimate of the annual availability of feedstock using the most recent data shows MSW, agricultural residue, and forest residue potentials of 4,330,000 wet megagrams (Mg), 4,060,000 dry Mg, and 2,070,000 dry Mg, respectively, in Alberta. Optimal W2VA facility locations are identified for Alberta’s Industrial Heartland (AIH) considering waste heat from the areas as an additional energy source. Ten other locations where facilities can be operated sustainably are identified across the province. This study can be used as a framework by municipalities and communities in any jurisdiction in the world to geographically locate biomass source and collection points, along with their annual capacity, and the corresponding optimal site for a W2VA facility. Keywords: Biomass, Biorefinery, GIS, suitability analysis, Integrated methodology, Municipal solid waste, Sustainability, Waste management, Waste-to-energy.
Impact of Pulsed Electric Fields Combined with Thermosonication on the Physicochemical Properties of Chinese Rice Wine
Authors: Lyu Chenang , Qi Xiaolu , Ying Sun , Wang Jianping
Published: October 2021

Highlights

The TS-PEF diminished the color change compared to individual treatments.

The concentration of Fe, Cr, and Ni increased after the treatments of PEF and TS-PEF.

The volatile flavor compounds decreased after the treatment of TS and TS-PEF.

Abstract. Chinese rice wine (CRW) is a traditional wine prevalent in East Asia. In current industrial production of bottled CRW, an additional thermal pasteurization is required at the bottling stage to extend the shelf life of the product, and this thermal treatment results in quality degradation and even carcinogen formation. In our previous studies, non-thermal technologies such as pulsed electric fields (PEF), thermosonication (TS), and their combination (TS-PEF) have been shown to significantly inactivate Saccharomyces cerevisiae in CRW as an alternative to thermal pasteurization of bottled wine. However, studies of their effects on the quality of CRW are very limited. In this study, we compared the physicochemical properties of CRW treated by pasteurization, PEF, TS, and TS-PEF. The results showed that the basic physicochemical indicators of CRW (total sugar, non-sugar solids, total acidity, amino acid nitrogen, and pH) did not change significantly after all these treatments. The TS-PEF treatment reduced the total color difference caused by the TS or PEF treatments. However, corrosion of the electrodes during PEF and TS-PEF treatment caused a significant increase in iron, chromium, and nickel concentrations. In addition, volatile flavor compounds, such as alcohols, esters, acids, and aldehydes, were reduced much more after TS and TS-PEF treatment than after pasteurization and PEF. Further research is needed on minimizing the negative impacts of these new technologies on the flavor of CRW in the context of effective sterilization. Keywords: Chinese rice wine, Metal ion, Physicochemical properties, Pulsed electric fields, Ultrasound, Volatile flavor compounds.
A New Geometric Data Perturbation Method for Data Anonymization Based on Random Number Generators
Authors: Kanmaz Merve , Aydın Muhammed Ali , Sertbaş Ahmet
Published: October 2021

With the technology’s rapid development and its involvement in all areas of our lives, the volume and value of data have become a significant field of study. Valuation of the data to this extent has produced some consequences in terms of people’s knowledge. Data anonymization is the most important of these issues in terms of the security of personal data. Much work has been done in this area and continues to being done. In this study, we proposed a method called RSUGP for the anonymization of sensitive attributes. A new noise model based on random number generators has been proposed instead of the Gaussian noise or random noise methods, which are being used conventionally in geometric data perturbation. We tested our proposed RSUGP method with six different databases and four different classification methods for classification accuracy and attack resistance; then, we presented the results section. Experiments show that the proposed method was more successful than the other two classification accuracy, attack resistance, and runtime.
Research on the Design of Mass Recommendation System Based on Lambda Architecture
Authors: Chen Bowen , Zhu Li , Wang Da , Cheng JunHua
Published: October 2021

In the era of big data, in order to increasing the information data for conforms to the personalized needs of content, research scholars put forward based on the Lambda mass recommendation system architecture design, it can not only to the recessive and dominant behavior of users of the system data collection storage and research analysis, can also be based on the analysis of cascading hybrid algorithm to explore how to carry out real-time recommendation. Therefore, on the basis of understanding the research and development achievements of recommender systems at home and abroad in recent years, and based on the understanding and analysis of Lambda architecture and cascading hybrid algorithm, this paper aims at how to design a massive recommender system in line with users’ behavior, and makes clear the recommendation effect by combining with system testing.
Free-form off-axis three-mirror optical antenna design with an integrated primary/tertiary-mirror structure
Authors: Sun Yuanqi , Sun Yuanhe , Chen Xiaoyu , Wang Fang , Yan Xin , Zhang Xuenan , Cheng Tonglei
Published: October 2021

In order to improve the performance and simplify the structure of an optical antenna for a space laser communication system, we design a free-form off-axis three-mirror optical antenna with an integrated primary/tertiary-mirror structure. The adoption of the integrated primary/tertiary-mirror structure improves efficiency of light energy utilization and reduces the complexity of optical processing and assembly. The introduction of free-form optical elements and optical structure constraints helps to correct the off-axis aberration and realize a large field of view. The obtained optical antenna has the magnification of five times and field of view of

2.4

∘

×

2.4

∘

. The image quality obtained here reaches the diffraction-limited level. At the communication wavelength of 808 nm, the wavefront error is better than

λ

/

22

, and the system has a high energy concentration. The proposed optical antenna could not only improve tracking accuracy of the optical antenna in space but also greatly reduce the complexity of the laser communication system. It has reference significance and application value for free-space laser communication.
Axial resolution enhancement for planar Airy beam light-sheet
microscopy via the complementary beam subtraction method
Authors: Liu Chao , Yu Xianghua , Bai Chen , Li Xing , Zhou Yuan , Yan Shaohui , Min Junwei , Dan Dan , Li Runze , Gu Shuangyu , Yao Baoli
Published: October 2021

Airy beam light-sheet illumination can extend the field of view (FOV)
of light-sheet fluorescence microscopy due to the unique propagation
properties of non-diffraction and self-acceleration. However, the side
lobes create undesirable out-of-focus background, leading to poor
axial resolution and low image contrast. Here, we propose an Airy
complementary beam subtraction (ACBS) method to improve the axial
resolution while keeping the extended FOV. By scanning the optimized
designed complementary beam that has two main lobes (TML), the
generated complementary light-sheet has almost identical intensity
distribution to that of the planar Airy light-sheet except for the
central lobe. Subtraction of the two images acquired by double
exposure respectively using the planar Airy light-sheet and the planar
TML light-sheet can effectively suppress the influence of the
out-of-focus background. The axial resolution improves from

∼

4

µ

m

to 1.2 µm. The imaging performance
was demonstrated by imaging specimens of aspergillus conidiophores and
GFP labeled mouse brain section. The results show that the ACBS method
enables the Airy beam light-sheet fluorescence microscopy to obtain
better imaging quality.
Long-distance twin-field quantum key distribution with entangled sources
Authors: Li Bing-Hong , Xie Yuan-Mei , Li Zhao , Weng Chen-Xun , Li Chen-Long , Yin Hua-Lei , Chen Zeng-Bing
Published: October 2021

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TFQKD), using single-photon-type interference, offers a way to exceed the rate-distance limit without quantum repeaters. However, it still suffers from photon losses and dark counts, which impose an ultimate limit on its transmission distance. In this Letter, we propose a scheme to implement TFQKD with an entangled coherent state source in the middle to increase its range, as well as comparing its performance under coherent attacks with that of TFQKD variants. Simulations show that our protocol has a theoretical distance advantage of 400 km. Moreover, the scheme has great robustness against the misalignment error and finite-size effects. Our work is a promising step toward long-distance secure communication and is greatly compatible with future global quantum networks.
Wide-steering-angle high-resolution optical phased array
Authors: Li Yingzhi , Chen Baisong , Na Quanxin , Xie Qijie , Tao Min , Zhang Lanxuan , Zhi Zihao , Li Yuxuan , Liu Xiaobin , Luo Xianshu , Lo Guoqiang , Gao Fengli , Li Xueyan , Song Junfeng
Published: October 2021

Optical phased array (OPA) technology is considered a promising solution for solid-state beam steering to supersede the traditional mechanical beam steering. As a key component of the LIDAR system for long-range detection, OPAs featuring a wide steering angle and high resolution without beam aliasing are highly desired. However, a wide steering range requires a waveguide pitch less than half of the wavelength, which is easily subjected to cross talk. Besides, high resolution requires a large aperture, and it is normally achieved by a high count number of waveguides, which complicates the control system. To solve the mentioned issues, we design two high-performance 128-channel OPAs fabricated on a multilayered SiN-on-SOI platform. Attributed to the nonuniform antenna pitch, only 128 waveguides are used to achieve a 4 mm wide aperture. Besides, by virtue of innovative dual-level silicon nitride (

Si

3

N
4

) waveguide grating antennas, the fishbone antenna OPA achieves a

100
°
×
19.4
°

field of view (FOV) with divergence of

0.021
°
×
0.029
°

, and the chain antenna OPA realizes a

140
°
×
19.23
°

FOV with divergence of

0.021
°
×
0.1
°

. To our best knowledge, 140° is the widest lateral steering range in two-dimensional OPA, and 0.029° is the smallest longitudinal divergence. Finally, we embed the OPA into a frequency-modulated continuous-wave system to achieve 100 m distance measurement. The reflected signal from 100 m distance is well detected with 26 dBm input transmitter power, which proves that OPA serves as a promising candidate for transceiving optical signal in a LIDAR system.
Sensitive direct-conversion X-ray detectors formed by ZnO nanowire field emitters and β-Ga2O3 photoconductor targets with an electron bombardment induced photoconductivity mechanism
Authors: Zhang Zhipeng , Chen Manni , Bai Xinpeng , Wang Kai , Chen Huanjun , Deng Shaozhi , Chen Jun
Published: October 2021

Sensitive X-ray detection is needed in diverse areas motivated by a common desire to reduce radiation dose. Cold cathode X-ray detectors operating with a photoelectron multiplication mechanism called electron bombardment induced photoconductivity (EBIPC) have emerged as promising candidates for low-dose X-ray detection. Herein, the cold cathode detectors formed by ZnO nanowire field emitters and

β
-

Ga

2

O
3

photoconductor targets were proposed for sensitive direct-conversion X-ray detection. The charge carrier transport mechanism of EBIPC effect in X-ray detectors was investigated to achieve a high internal gain (

2.9
×

10

2

) and high detection sensitivity (

3.0
×

10

3

  

μCGy

air

−
1

 

cm

−
2

) for a 6 keV X-ray at the electric field of

22.5
  
V
 

μm

−
1

. Furthermore, the proposed X-ray detectors showed the features of fast response time (40 ms), long-term stability (0.6% for 1 h), and low detection limit (

0.28
  

mGy

air

 

s

−
1

), suggesting that the direct-conversion cold cathode X-ray detectors are ideal candidates for low-energy X-ray detecting and imaging applications.
Ultrasmall and ultradense InGaN-based RGB monochromatic micro-light-emitting diode arrays by pixilation of conductive p-GaN
Authors: Zhuang Zhe , Iida Daisuke , Ohkawa Kazuhiro
Published: October 2021

We describe 5 μm squircle InGaN-based red, green, and blue (RGB) monochromatic micro-light-emitting diodes (μLEDs) with an interpitch of 4 μm by pixilation of conductive p-GaN using a

H
2

-plasma treatment. The p-GaN was passivated by

H
2

plasma and prevented the current’s injection into the InGaN quantum wells below. We observed that InGaN-based red μLEDs exhibited a broader full width at half-maximum and larger peak wavelength blueshift at

11.5
–
115
  
A
/

cm

2

than the green/blue μLEDs. The on-wafer light output power density of the red μLEDs at a wavelength of 632 nm at

115
  
A
/

cm

2

was approximately

936
  

mW/
cm

2

, the highest value reported thus far for InGaN-based red μLEDs. This value was comparable with that of the green/blue μLEDs at

11.5
  
A
/

cm

2

, indicating that the red μLEDs can satisfy the requirement of high brightness levels for specific displays. The color gamut based on InGaN RGB μLEDs covered 83.7% to 75.9% of the Rec. 2020 color space in the CIE 1931 diagram at 11.5 to

115
  
A
/

cm

2

.
Bifunctional ultraviolet light-emitting/detecting device based on a SnO2 microwire/p-GaN heterojunction
Authors: Xu Tong , Jiang Mingming , Wan Peng , Tang Kai , Shi Daning , Kan Caixia
Published: October 2021

SnO

2

has attracted considerable attention due to its wide bandgap, large exciton binding energy, and outstanding electrical and optoelectronic features. Owing to the lack of reliable and reproducible p-type

SnO

2

, many challenges on developing

SnO

2

-based optoelectronic devices and their practical applications still remain. Herein, single-crystal

SnO

2

microwires (MWs) are acquired via the self-catalyzed approach. As a strategic alternative,

n
-
SnO

2

MW/p-GaN heterojunction was constructed, which exhibited selectable dual-functionalities of light-emitting and photodetection when operated by applying an appropriate voltage. The device illustrated a distinct near-ultraviolet light-emission peaking at

∼
395.0
  
nm

and a linewidth

∼
50
  
nm

. Significantly, the device characteristics, in terms of the main peak positions and linewidth, are nearly invariant as functions of various injection current, suggesting that quantum-confined Stark effect is essentially absent. Meanwhile, the identical

n
-

SnO

2

MW/p-GaN heterojunction can also achieve photovoltaic-type light detection. The device can steadily feature ultraviolet photodetecting ability, including the ultraviolet/visible rejection ratio (

R

360
 
nm

/

R

400
 
nm

)

∼
1.5
×

10

3

, high photodark current ratio of

10

5

, fast response speed of 9.2/51 ms, maximum responsivity of 1.5 A/W, and detectivity of

1.3
×

10

13

Jones under 360 nm light at

−
3
  
V

bias. Therefore, the bifunctional device not only displays distinct near-ultraviolet light emission, but also has the ability of high-sensitive ultraviolet photodetection. The novel design of

n
-
SnO

2

MW/p-GaN heterojunction bifunctional systems is expected to open doors to practical application of

SnO

2

microstructures/nanostructures for large-scale device miniaturization, integration and multifunction in next-generation high-performance photoelectronic devices.
Testing for saturation in qualitative evidence syntheses: An update of HIV adherence in Africa
Authors: Rohwer Anke , Hendricks Lynn , Oliver Sandy , Garner Paul
Published: October 2021

Background

A systematic review of randomised trials may be conclusive signalling no further research is needed; or identify gaps requiring further research that may then be included in review updates. In qualitative evidence synthesis (QES), the rationale, triggers, and methods for updating are less clear cut. We updated a QES on adherence to anti-retroviral treatment to examine if thematic saturation renders additional research redundant.

Methods

We adopted the original review search strategy and eligibility criteria to identify studies in the subsequent three years. We assessed studies for conceptual detail, categorised as ‘rich’ or ‘sparse’, coding the rich studies. We sought new codes, and appraised whether findings confirmed, extended, enriched, or refuted existing themes. Finally, we examined if the analysis impacted on the original conceptual model.

Results

After screening 3895 articles, 301 studies met the inclusion criteria. Rich findings from Africa were available in 82 studies; 146 studies were sparse, contained no additional information on specific populations, and did not contribute to the analysis. New studies enriched our understanding on the relationship between external and internal factors influencing adherence, confirming, extending and enriching the existing themes. Despite careful evaluation of the new literature, we did not identify any new themes, and found no studies that refuted our theory.

Conclusions

Updating an existing QES using the original question confirmed and sometimes enriched evidence within themes but made little or no substantive difference to the theory and overall findings of the original review. We propose this illustrates thematic saturation. We propose a thoughtful approach before embarking on a QES update, and our work underlines the importance of QES priority areas where further primary research may help, and areas where further studies may be redundant.
Socioeconomic, sex and area related inequalities in childhood stunting in Mauritania: Evidence from the Mauritania Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (2007–2015)
Authors: Shibre Gebretsadik , Zegeye Betregiorgis , Lemma Gorems , Abebe Birhan , Woldeamanuel Gashaw Garedew
Published: October 2021

Introduction

The prevalence of stunting in under five children is high in Mauritania. However, there is a paucity of evidence on the extent and the overtime alteration of inequality in stunting. To this end, we did this study to investigate stunting inequality and the change with time using three rounds of Mauritania Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys. The evidence is important to inform implementation of equitable nutrition interventions to help narrow inequality in stunting between population groups.

Methods

World Health Organization’s (WHO) Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) was used in the analysis of stunting inequality. Following standard equity analysis methods recommended by the WHO, we performed disaggregated analysis of stunting across five equity stratfiers: Wealth, education, residence, sex and sub-national regions. Then, we summarized stunting inequality through four measures of inequality: Difference, Ratio, Population Attributable Fraction and Population Attributable Risk. The point estimates of stunting were accompanied by 95% confidence intervals to measure the statistical significance of the findings.

Results

The national average of childhood stunting in 2007, 2011 and 2015 was 31.3%, 29.7% and 28.2%, respectively. Glaring inequalities in stunting around the five equity stratifiers were observed in all the studied periods. In the most recent survey included in our study (2015), for instance, we recorded substantial wealth (PAF = -33.60; 95% CI: -39.79, -27.42) and education (PAF = -5.60; 95% CI: -9.68, -1.52) related stunting inequalities. Overall, no substantial improvement was documented in wealth and sex related inequality in stunting between 2007 and 2011 while region-based inequality worsened during the same time periods.

Conclusions

The burden of stunting appeared to be heavily concentrated among children born to socioeconomically worse-off women, women who live in rural settings and certain subnational regions. Targeted nutrition interventions are required to address drivers of stunting embedded within geographic and socioeconomic contexts.
Molecular species delimitation of shrub frogs of the genus Pseudophilautus (Anura, Rhacophoridae)
Authors: Ellepola Gajaba , Herath Jayampathi , Manamendra-Arachchi Kelum , Wijayathilaka Nayana , Senevirathne Gayani , Pethiyagoda Rohan , Meegaskumbura Madhava
Published: October 2021

Sri Lanka is an amphibian hotspot of global significance. Its anuran fauna is dominated by the shrub frogs of the genusPseudophilautus. Except for one small clade of four species in Peninsular India, these cool-wet adapted frogs, numbering some 59 extant species, are distributed mainly across the montane and lowland rain forests of the island. With species described primarily by morphological means, the diversification has never yet been subjected to a molecular species delimitation analysis, a procedure now routinely applied in taxonomy. Here we test the species boundaries ofPseudophilautusin the context of the phylogenetic species concept (PSC). We use all the putative species for which credible molecular data are available (nDNA–Rag-1; mt-DNA– 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA) to build a well resolved phylogeny, which is subjected to species delimitation analyses. The ABGD, bPTP, mPTP and bGMYC species delimitation methods applied to the 16S rRNA frog barcoding gene (for all species), 12S rRNA and Rag-1 nDNA groupedP.procaxandP.abundus;P.hallidayiandP.fergusonianus;P.reticulatusandP.pappilosus;P.pleurotaeniaandP.hoipolloi;P.hoffmaniandP.asankai;P.silvaticusandP.limbus;P.dilmahandP.hankeni;P.fulvusandP.silus.. Surprisingly, all analyses recovered 14 unidentified potential new species as well. The geophylogeny affirms a distribution across the island’s aseasonal ‘wet zone’ and its three principal hill ranges, suggestive of allopatric speciation playing a dominant role, especially between mountain masses. Among the species that are merged by the delimitation analyses, a pattern leading towards a model of parapatric speciation emerges–ongoing speciation in the presence of gene flow. This delimitation analysis reinforces the species hypotheses, paving the way to a reasonable understanding of Sri LankanPseudophilautus, enabling both deeper analyses and conservation efforts of this remarkable diversification.http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:DA869B6B-870A-4ED3-BF5D-5AA3F69DDD27.
Pain assessment in horses using automatic facial expression recognition through deep learning-based modeling
Authors: Lencioni Gabriel Carreira , de Sousa Rafael Vieira , de Souza Sardinha Edson José , Corrêa Rodrigo Romero , Zanella Adroaldo José
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate a machine vision algorithm to assess the pain level in horses, using an automatic computational classifier based on the Horse Grimace Scale (HGS) and trained by machine learning method. The use of the Horse Grimace Scale is dependent on a human observer, who most of the time does not have availability to evaluate the animal for long periods and must also be well trained in order to apply the evaluation system correctly. In addition, even with adequate training, the presence of an unknown person near an animal in pain can result in behavioral changes, making the evaluation more complex. As a possible solution, the automatic video-imaging system will be able to monitor pain responses in horses more accurately and in real-time, and thus allow an earlier diagnosis and more efficient treatment for the affected animals. This study is based on assessment of facial expressions of 7 horses that underwent castration, collected through a video system positioned on the top of the feeder station, capturing images at 4 distinct timepoints daily for two days before and four days after surgical castration. A labeling process was applied to build a pain facial image database and machine learning methods were used to train the computational pain classifier. The machine vision algorithm was developed through the training of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that resulted in an overall accuracy of 75.8% while classifying pain on three levels: not present, moderately present, and obviously present. While classifying between two categories (pain not present and pain present) the overall accuracy reached 88.3%. Although there are some improvements to be made in order to use the system in a daily routine, the model appears promising and capable of measuring pain on images of horses automatically through facial expressions, collected from video images.
Effect of disclosure of HIV status on patient representation and adherence to clinic visits in eastern Uganda: A propensity-score matched analysis
Authors: Izudi Jonathan , Okoboi Stephen , Lwevola Paul , Kadengye Damazo , Bajunirwe Francis
Published: October 2021

Background

Disclosure of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status improves adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and increases the chance of virological suppression and retention in care. However, information on the effect of disclosure of HIV status on adherence to clinic visits and patient representation is limited. We evaluated the effects of disclosure of HIV status on adherence to clinic visits and patient representation among people living with HIV in eastern Uganda.

Methods

In this quasi-randomized study, we performed a propensity-score-matched analysis on observational data collected between October 2018 and September 2019 from a large ART clinic in eastern Uganda. We matched participants with disclosed HIV status to those with undisclosed HIV status based on similar propensity scores in a 1:1 ratio using the nearest neighbor caliper matching technique. The primary outcomes were patient representation (the tendency for patients to have other people pick-up their medications) and adherence to clinic visits. We fitted a logistic regression to estimate the effects of disclosure of HIV status, reported using the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results

Of 957 participants, 500 were matched. In propensity-score matched analysis, disclosure of HIV status significantly impacts adherence to clinic visits (OR = 1.63; 95% CI, 1.13–2.36) and reduced patient representation (OR = O.49; 95% CI, 0.32–0.76). Sensitivity analysis showed robustness to unmeasured confounders (Gamma value = 2.2,p= 0.04).

Conclusions

Disclosure of HIV status is associated with increased adherence to clinic visits and lower representation to collect medicines at the clinic. Disclosure of HIV status should be encouraged to enhance continuity of care among people living with HIV.
Morphological variability within the indigenous sheep population of Benin
Authors: Whannou Habib Rainier Vihotogbe , Afatondji Cossi Ulriche , Ahozonlin Maurice Cossi , Spanoghe Martin , Lanterbecq Deborah , Demblon Dominique , Houinato Marcel Romuald Benjamin , Dossa Luc Hippolyte
Published: October 2021

Knowledge of both the genetic diversity and geographical distribution of animal genetic resources is a prerequisite for their sustainable utilization, improvement and conservation. The present study was undertaken to explore the current morphological variability within the sheep population in Benin as a prelude for their molecular characterization. From November 2018 to February 2020, 25 quantitative linear body measurements and 5 qualitative physical traits were recorded on 1240 adult ewes from the 10 phytogeographic zones that comprise the three vegetation zones of Benin. Fourteen morphological indices were calculated based on the linear body measurements. The collected data were first analyzed using multiple comparisons of least-square means (LSmeans), followed by generalized linear model (GLM) procedures, to explore the relationships among the measured morphometric traits and the 10 phytogeographic zones. Next, the presence of any genetic sub-populations was examined using multivariate analytical methods, including canonical discriminant analysis (CDA) and ascending hierarchical clustering (AHC). Univariate analyses indicated that all quantitative linear body measurements varied significantly (P<0.05) across the phytogeographic zones. The highest values (LSmean± standard error) of withers height (68.3±0.47 cm), sternum height (46.0±0.35 cm), and rump height (68.8±0.47 cm) were recorded in the Mekrou-Pendjari zone, the drier phytogeographic zone in the North, whereas the lowest values, 49.2±0.34, 25.9±0.26, and 52.0±0.35 cm, respectively, were recorded in the Pobe zone in the South. Multivariate analyses revealed the prevalence of four distinct sheep sub-populations in Benin. The sub-population from the South could be assimilated to the short-legged and that from the North to the West African long-legged sheep. The two other sub-populations were intermediate and closer to the crossbreeds or another short-legged sub-breed. The proportion of individuals correctly classified in their group of origin was approximately 74%. These results uncovered a spatial morphological variation in the Beninese sheep population along a South-North phytogeographic gradient.
X-RAY STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF COTTONS AND HERBACEOUS CELLULOSE
Authors: Momziakova Kseniya Sergeyevna , Shinkarev Aleksey Aleksandrovich , Deberdeev Timur Rustamovich , Valishina Zimfira Talgatovna , Berlin Aleksandr Aleksandrovich , Deberdeev Rustam Yakubovich
Published: October 2021

It was found that the extrusion treatment of cotton cellulose in an aqueous medium, followed by drying and grinding on a hammer mill leads to a decrease in the crystallite size in the transverse direction ([110] and [100]) as a result of mechanical destruction of cellulose macromolecules, and the subsequent acid hydrolysis of cellulose in H2SO4 solutions to an increase in the size of crystallites in the transverse direction ([110], [110] and [100]) due to co-crystallization processes. It is shown that alkaline cooking of cellulose-containing material, followed by extrusion processing, washing, drying and grinding on a hammer mill leads to an increase in the transverse dimensions of crystallites in the [110] and [100] directions for flax cellulose and in the [110], [110] and [100] – for cellulose from oats and alfalfa as a result of partial removal of lignin and hemicelluloses from the cellulose-containing material.

Differences were revealed in the sizes of the coherent scattering regions and the parameters of the crystallographic cell of cellulose samples from cotton and herbaceous plants (flax, oats, and alfalfa), as well as between samples from oats and alfalfa obtained under the same conditions with the same type of feedstock (straw).

It has been established that the proposed stepwise technology for processing cotton and linen fibers leads to a slight decrease in the degree of crystallinity and the average degree of polymerization, which indicates that the developed technology for obtaining high-viscosity powder celluloses for various purposes is promising.

Correlation coefficients are established between the values of the degree of ordering of the structure of cellulose samples from various plant raw materials, calculated using X-ray diffraction analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy, which make it possible to adequately compare all the known literature and experimental data.
INFLUENCE OF HYDROLYTIC TREATMENT ON THE CONTENT OF REDUCING SUBSTANCES IN NEUTRAL-SULPHITE ALKALI
Authors: Mingazova Leysan Azatovna , Kryakunova Yelena Vyacheslavovna , Kanarskaya Zosia Albertovna , Kanarskiy Альберт Владимирович , Kruchina-Bogdanov Igor' Vadimovich , Belkina Yekaterina Vasil'yevna
Published: October 2021

The aim of this work is to develop a technology for the preparation of neutral-sulfite liquors formed during the production of fibrous semi-finished products - cellulose from birch wood - for subsequent use as a nutrient medium for the cultivation of microorganisms. Acid hydrolysis was carried out at a temperature of 100 °С at a ratio of a 10% sulfuric acid solution to a liquor sample of 1 : 1. Enzymatic hydrolysis of neutral sulfite liquors was carried out with the enzyme preparations Accellerase XY and Accellerase XC at 50±2 °C and 60±2 °C. The end of hydrolysis was determined by the cessation of the increase in the content of reducing substances (RS) in the hydrolyzate. The original neutral sulphite lye contained 9.4% dry matter, 21.7 g/l of reducing substances, pH 5.3±0.2. It has been shown that as a result of enzymatic hydrolysis, the content of insoluble dry residue in the hydrolyzate decreases to 8.32% and 8.41%, respectively, and during acid hydrolysis – to 7.8%. The content of RS in neutral sulfite lye after acid hydrolysis increases by an average of 3 times, while after enzymatic hydrolysis - a maximum of 2 times. It was found by gas-liquid chromatography that pentoses predominate in the obtained hydrolysates. Microbiological processing of media with a similar carbohydrate composition is possible by a number of strains of microorganisms capable of assimilating pentoses, for example, yeast-like fungi of the Saccharomycetaceae family and bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF APPLE FRUITS OF ALTAI VARIETIES AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITIOUS AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES
Authors: Makarenko Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: October 2021

A comparative analysis of the varietal variability of the fruits of 71 varieties of apple trees of Altai selection in terms of biochemical composition, according to generally accepted methods using statistical variation analysis based on long-term research, was carried out. Correlations were revealed between the content of chemical elements depending on other characteristics of the fruit and the period of ripening. The average content of soluble dry matter in fruits is from an average 15.5% in summer varieties to a high 16.2–16.3% in varieties with autumn and winter ripening. On average, the content of total sugars in fruits is high and varies insignificantly from 12.7 to 12.9%, the content of titratable acids in fruits is high – 1.0%. The content of ascorbic acid is higher in fruits of varieties with summer ripening and is 24.0 mg / 100 g, with autumn – 19.6 mg / 100 g, with winter – 22.0 mg / 100 g. As a result of selection for the qualitative improvement of fruits apple trees in Altai revealed a negative correlation of the biochemistry of the fetus, depending on its size for all indicators. Fruits of a significant part of varieties created in Altai have good taste, of which 27 have a sugar-acid index of 15–25. The fruits of the varieties Alpek, Altai Velvet, Altai New Year, Altai ruddy, Altai sweet, Gornoaltayskoe, Zolotaya taiga, Pepinka Altai have a very high sugar content of more than 15%, a high value of the sum of sugars – in fruits of 59 varieties from 10.0 to 14.9%. Varieties with high biochemical characteristics are their sources in breeding for improved biochemical composition of fruits.
ANTIRADICAL ACTIVITY OF ESSENTIAL OILS OF FILIPENDULA ULMARIA (L.) MAXIM, HYPERICUM PERFORA-TUM L. AND PULMONARIA MOLLIS WULFEN EX HORNEM OF THE KRASNOYRSK TERRITORI FLORA
Authors: Zykova Irina Dement'yevna , Efremov Aleksandr Alekseyevich
Published: October 2021

The antiradical properties of essential oils from the inflorescences of Filipendula ulmaria (L). Maxim, herbages Hypericum perforatum L. and Pulmonaria mollis Wulfen ex HORNEM., growing on the territory of the Krasnoyarsk territory were studied. For this purpose, the reaction of essential oil components with a stable free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical was used. Essential oil of the plants under study received comprehensive hydroponically. The component composition of the oils was determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components of essential oil of F. ulmaria inflorescences are methyl salicylate (28.2%), salicylic aldehyde (2.8 %) and linalool (4.9%), essential oil of H. perforatum – γ - amorphene (30.7%), δ-cadinen (7.1%), (E, E)-β-farnesene (5.5%), caryophyllene (5.0%), ledol (5.0%), essential oil of P. mollis – di-n-butyl phthalate (18.7%), docosan (13.4%), tetracosan (11.6 %). The results of the DPPH test showed that the essential oils of the inflorescences of F. ulmaria and the aboveground part of H. perforatum and P. mollis exhibit antiradical activity (ARA). According to the size of the ARA of essential oils, the studied plants can be arranged in the following row: P. mollis > F. ulmaria > H. perforatum.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF METHODS FOR DETERMINATION THE TOTAL OF ANTHRACENE DERIVATIVES IN RAW MATERIALS AND PREPARATIONS OF ALOE ARBORESCENS MILL.
Authors: Kurkin Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Ryazanova Tat'yana Konstantinovna , Shmygareva Anna Anatol'yevna , Glushchenko Svetlana Nikolayevna
Published: October 2021

Aloe arborescens Mill., family Asphodelaceae, is a pharmacopoeial plant, the raw material of which is used for the production of medicinal products for various therapeutic uses. The standardization of Aloe species in accordance with the requirements of the British, Japanese, European Pharmacopoeias and the United States Pharmacopoeia is carried out according to the barbaloin content by the spectrophotometric method. The methods are multistage, provide for preliminary acid hydrolysis in combination with the oxidation, liquid-liquid extraction of the formed aglycones and subsequent complexation with magnesium acetate. A mixture of isomers of aloin A and aloin B (barbaloin) and aloenin were isolated by chromatographic methods. It was determined that in all electronic spectra of the extracts and preparations from the leaves of Aloe arborescens Mill., a bathochromic shift of the long-wavelength band in the alkaline-ammonia solution is observed, which confirms the presence of anthracene derivatives. Under conditions of differential absorption, a maximum absorption is observed in the range of 412–416 nm, which indicates the advisability of using barbaloin in the analysis method, which has a maximum absorption at a wavelength of 412 nm. As a result of the study, there were developed methods for the quantitative determination of the total of anthracene derivatives in leaves and preparations of Aloe arborescens Mill. by using of the differential spectrophotometry calculated on barbaloin at an analytical wavelength of 412 nm. The content of total anthracene derivatives calculated on barbaloin was 0.60±0.03% in Aloe arborescens fresh leaves, 0.5±0.02% in freshly prepared juice, 0.135±0.006% in "Aloe juice" and 0.020±0.001% in "Aloe liquid extract", solution for subcutaneous administration, produced by ZAO "Vifitech" and OAO "Dalkhimpharm".
Of dragons and dinosaurs: How children’s toys and games create ideas of the past, of history and of fiction
Authors: Kühberger Christoph
Published: October 2021

This article outlines a trend in popular historical culture which has seen the increasing replacement of a concept of history that rests on some form of evidence base by visions of fictional pasts, or – to put it more precisely – by an ambiguous blend of the past and fictional pasts. Drawing on ethnographic research focused on the contents of Austrian children’s rooms, this paper explores traceable manifestations of history and historical fiction, particularly toy dragons and dinosaurs, in their properties as objects and as focuses of their owners’ interpretations as ascertained in interviews. The research finds little clear demarcation in the minds of the children interviewed (all between 8 and 12 years old) between imaginings and cognitive attempts to reconstruct the past. The article examines the influence of these factual–fictional representations on historical thinking from a history education perspective.
Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of N/Li2MoO4 Co-doped TiO2 Nanoparticles under Visible Light
Authors: Kwakkaew Jutarat , Khangkhamano Matthana , Kokoo Rungrote , Sangchay Weerachai
Published: October 2021

TiO2-based nanomaterials have been extensively synthesized and used in a wide range of photocatalytic applications. The photocatalytic oxidation process, however, is only activated by irradiation with ultraviolet (UV) light which limits its indoor applications. Herein, to improve such limitations, N/Li2MoO4-doped TiO2 nanoparticles were prepared via sol-gel method. Li2MoO4 concentration was varied. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, FE-SEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. As-synthesized N/Li2MoO4-doped TiO2 catalysts exhibited their crystal sizes of as fine as 20 nm in diameter whereas that of the pure TiO2 was about 35 nm. The absorption ranges of the N/ Li2MoO4-doped catalysts were relocated from UV region toward visible light region. The catalyst with 1 mol% Li2MoO4 offered the highest degradation rate of methylene blue (MB) solution upon visible light irradiation. Its fine crystal size, narrow band gap energy (2.82 eV), high defect concentration, and strong light absorption in visible region are responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the 1 mol% Li2MoO4.
Respons Fisiologi Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum) Var. Lembang 1 Terhadap Infeksi Fusarium oxysporum pada Umur Tanaman yang Berbeda
Authors: Ulya Himmatul , Ferniah Rejeki Siti , Darmanti Sri
Published: October 2021

Cabai  merah  merupakan  komoditas hortikultura yang banyak dibudidayakan oleh  petani, namun  penyakit layu fusarium  yang disebabkan oleh infeksi fungi Fusarium oxysporum menjadi kendala utama dalam budidaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji respons fisiologi tanaman cabai  kultivar Lembang-1 pada umur tanaman yang berbeda terhadap infeksi F.oxysporum. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 2x2. Faktor pertama adalah infeksi F.oxysporum (diinfeksi dan tidak diinfeksi) dan faktor kedua adalah umur tanaman cabai  saat infeksi  (35 dan 75 hari setelah tanam). Masing-masing perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah panjang dan lebar porus stomata, kadar pigmen fotosintesis dan pertumbuhan relative tanaman cabai.  Data kuantitatif yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (Anova) dilanjutkan dengan uji DMRT pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman cabai  yang diinfeksi F.oxysporum pada umur 35 SHT lebih responsif  dibanding dengan yang diinfeksi pada umur 75 SHT.  Respon fisiologinya tanaman cabai yang diinfeksi pada hari ke 35 setelah tanam adalah  penyempitan lebar porus stomata sebesar 31,2%, penurunan kadar pigmen klorofil dan karotenoid sebesar 18%, penurunan tinggi batang 10,4% dan penurunan panjang akar 15,9%.Kata Kunci: defisiensi air, infeksi fungi, stomata, xylem
MIĘDZYDOBOWE ZMIANY BODŹ COWOŚCI CIŚNIENIA ATMOSFERYCZNEGO W POZNANIU W LATACH 1988–2017
Authors: Nawrocka Marta , Szyga–Pluta Katarzyna
Published: October 2021

The aim of the paper was to investigate the stimuli of the atmospheric pressure and the dependence of large pressure changes on atmospheric circulation in Poznań. The values of the average daily atmospheric pressure from the Poznań-Ławica meteorological station in years 1988-2017 were used. The frequency of days with atmospheric pressure greater than 1015 hPa and lower than 985 hPa as well as the number of days with interdiurnal change of the atmospheric pressure were calculated in specified ranges: 0.0-4.0 hPa, 4.1-8.0 hPa, 8.1-16.0 hPa and >16.1 hPa. Next, the conditional probability of the interdiurnal changes of the air pressure and the Grosswetterlagen (GWL) types of atmospheric circulation was determined. In Poznań in 1988–2017, the most stimulus air pressure changes occurred between November and February and the least stimulus – from May to August. Strong and very strong stimulus of atmospheric pressure is most often found in cyclonic circulation types with masses of air flowing from north-western directions.
ODTWORZENIE WARUNKÓW WODN YCH OSUSZONYCH JEZIOR W POLSCE – WYBRANE PRZYKŁADY
Authors: Ptak Mariusz
Published: October 2021

In the past, human intervention in water relations focused mainly on draining wetlands and lakes. In general, this was aimed at increasing the area of agricultural land or creating new settlement areas. In the case of lakes, the consequence of such actions was to reduce their level and in many cases to completely dry them. The maintenance of appropriate, assumed environmental conditions requires, in the case of drainage systems, maintaining the high efficiency of the drainage system, which is time- and cost-intensive. Neglecting such an approach, or intentional actions in this respect may lead to the restoration (to a different spatial extent) of drained lakes. The examples presented in the paper indicate that this process is quite common. In the context of the need to expand the water retention of the country, a detailed search of such reservoirs should be carried out and their renaturalization should be considered.