bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professionals’ perspectives on trusted persons in French nursing homes
Authors: Faye-Ropaul Maïva , Khalil Carine
Published: June 2024

Background
France faces a growing challenge with an aging population and the rise of neurodegenerative disorders. To address this, French health law allows patients to appoint a trusted person ("personne de confiance") who can communicate their medical preferences if they become incapacitated. Introduced by the Kouchner Law in 2002, this reflects a shift from a paternalistic to an autonomist model of care, emphasizing patient autonomy. Despite the importance of trusted persons in conveying patient wishes, especially in nursing homes, research in this area remains limited, with most studies focusing on hospital settings rather than nursing homes.
Methods
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 healthcare professionals working in or with nursing homes from February 2021 to September 2022, lasting 26–80 minutes, following grounded theory methodology. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.
Results
Professionals in French nursing homes strive to balance patient-oriented, family-oriented, and self-oriented needs when interacting with trusted persons. They prioritize patient care, address family concerns, and ensure their own psychological safety and administrative efficiency, while minimizing litigation risks. However, heterogeneous practices exist in informing families about the trusted person system, leading to awareness gaps and potential conflicts. The evolving work environment in French nursing homes, marked by aging residents and complex legal regulations, exacerbates these challenges. Family conflicts, burdens experienced during the end-of-life phase, and taboos surrounding end-of-life discussions impede collaborative efforts, emphasizing the need for education and improved communication strategies to ensure the effective implementation of trusted person roles.
Conclusion
Early education is necessary for trusted persons’ effective involvement, as patients’ cognitive impairments and end-of-life anxieties hinder trusted persons’ ability to engage effectively. Involving psychologists or GPs beforehand helps address psychological challenges, facilitating informed discussions before admission.
WITHDRAWN: Characterization of X-ray beam for Half and Quarter Value Layers
Authors: SOLOMON GIRMA BINIYAM , Diyor KHAZRATOV , Kuvondik KODIROV , Federico DOGO
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The aim of this work is to assess the penetrating ability of an X-ray beam through a specific material, in conditions of narrow-beam geometry.
Materials and Methods: During the experiment, samples were switched with the X-ray tube turned off, and the primary intensity of the unshielded X-ray beam (fixed 2.5mm shielding) was measured. Parameters were kept constant throughout, and the electrometer was used to stabilize the readings. Subsequent measurements aimed to determine the Half-Value Layer (HVL) and Quarter-Value Layer (QVL) by interpolating various sample slices to achieve intensity values of I/2 and I/4, respectively. The data were used to plot and analyze HVL and QVL graphs, providing insights into the attenuation properties of the X-ray beam through different materials.
Findings of the result: The primary findings indicated that the initial unshielded X-ray beam intensity, with parameters set to 37.5 kV and 40 mA, provided a stable baseline measurement. The results showed a consistent decrease in intensity with increased sample thickness, confirming the exponential attenuation of X-rays. The HVL was determined by identifying the sample thickness that reduced the initial intensity by half, and the QVL by the thickness reducing it to one-fourth. The experimental data closely followed theoretical predictions, with HVL and QVL values providing a quantitative measure of the material's attenuation properties.
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Conclusion: Graphical analysis of the results demonstrated clear linear relationships on a semi-logarithmic scale, validating the accuracy of the measurement process and the reliability of the electrometer readings. These findings contribute to a better understanding of X-ray attenuation in different materials, which is crucial for various applications in medical physics and radiography.
Fostering and Measuring Creativity in Secondary School Science Education: Literature Review
Authors: Melka Hailu bedada
Published: June 2024

Abstract
The present era demands creative citizens who can solve personal as well as social problems in everyday life activities. This urges schools to prepare students at any grade level to alleviate these and other uncertain future problems using creative thinking. This paper discusses/reviews empirical studies conducted between 2013 and 2023 aimed at identifying methods of fostering creativity and its measuring instruments among secondary school students in the sciences. Four educational research databases: Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Academic Search Ultimate, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used to search thoroughly available literature. A comprehensive search yielded 405 pieces of literature, from which 38 quantitative studies were selected for critical analysis. The findings indicated that various teaching methods and learning activities such as project-based learning, inquiry-based learning, problem-based learning, questioning, brainstorming, cooperative learning, listen–think–pair–share, and flex-based learning; along with adequately available instructional resources, teachers’ supportive behavior, and assessment for creativity, foster students’ creative abilities. Commonly used creativity measuring instruments are creativity tests, scientific creativity tests, chemistry creativity tests, assessment rubrics, cognitive processes associated with creativity (CPAC), the Big Five Scale (BFI), product assessments, essay writing, and performance appraisals.
W. WINDHAM AND THE CONTROVERSY IN THE WHIG PARTY AROUND THE FRENCH REVOLUTION (1792-1793 YEARS)
Authors: Ковалёв М.А.
Published: June 2024

В ходе партийной полемики вокруг Французской революции к 1793 г. в Англии сформировалась «третья партия» между оппозиционными вигами и возглавлявшими правительство тори. «Третья партия» представлена вигами, сторонниками Э. Бёрка (Уильям Уиндхэм, Уильям Эллиот, Филип Лоуренс, герцог Портленд и другие), и занимала воинствующие позиции по отношению к Франции. Мы рассмотрели взгляды лидера данной фракции – У. Уиндхэма и пришли к выводу, что он лишь избирательно использовал идеи своего учителя Э. Бёрка. Уиндхэм не стремился обратиться к политэкономическим рассуждениям мыслителя, к его юридической аргументации и тонкому анализу политической ситуации. Напротив, политик сделал ставку на привлечение популярных идей о международном якобинском заговоре против христианства, обратился к образам врага и призвал консолидировать силы вокруг правительства. Тем самым, основоположник идеологии консерватизма оказывался в политическом одиночестве, тогда как британская политика в отношении Франции в тот период двигалась совершенно иными мотивами. Нами также была проанализирована эволюция взглядов Уиндхэма, его сближение с Бёрком, а затем и расхождение с ним.

During the party controversy around the French Revolution, by 1793 year, a “third party” had formed in England between the opposition Whigs and the Tories leading the government. The “third party” is represented by Whigs, supporters of E. Burke (William Wyndham, William Elliot, Philip Lawrence, Duke of Portland and others), and took militant positions towards France. We examined the views of the leader of this faction, W. Windham, and came to the conclusion that he selectively used the ideas of his mentor E. Burke. Windham did not seek to address the thinker's political economic reasoning, his legal argumentation and subtle analysis of the political situation. On the contrary, the politician relied on attracting popular ideas about an international Jacobin conspiracy against Christianity, turned to images of the enemy and called for consolidating forces around the government. Thus, the founder of the ideology of conservatism found himself in political loneliness, while British policy towards France at that time was driven by completely different motives. We also analyzed the evolution of Windham's views, his rapprochement with Burke, and then divergence from him.
“WEALTH IS NO LASTING COMPANION TO NOBILITY”: ON THE ISSUE OF THE STATUS OF THE IRISH GENTRY IN THE 18TH CENTURY.
Authors: Лагошина Н.А.
Published: June 2024

В статье анализируется статус католических джентри в Ирландии XVIII века, выявляется их роль в обществе и способы адаптации к новым политическим реалиям. Несмотря на то, что потомки гэльской аристократии были низведены до положения посредников и крупных фермеров, они играли важную роль в качестве лидеров политической и народной культуры в западных графствах. Католические джентри сформировали новую систему аренды, позволяющую контролировать поместья, утраченные в результате введения Карательных законов и конфискации Кромвеля. Выступая в качестве посредников между английскими лендлордами и крестьянскими арендаторами, они обеспечивали эффективное управление землями в Ирландии. Автор выделяет основные черты мировоззрения ирландских джентри, среди которых – неустанное следование традициям, вовлеченность в народную культуру, память о благородном происхождении, пронизывающая все общество, и покровительство. В заключении утверждается, что в начале XIXв. ирландские джентри-посредники, являющиеся носителями элитарной и народной культуры, сформировали слой крупных католических фермеров, более консервативное дворянство, которое процветало и пользовалось прочным положением в обществе.

The article analyzes the status of the Catholic gentry in Ireland in the 18th century, identifying their role in society and ways of adapting to new political realities. Although the descendants of the Gaelic aristocracy were relegated to the position of middlemen and large farmers, they played an important role as leaders of political and popular culture in the western counties. The Catholic gentry formed a new tenancy system to control the estates lost to Cromwell's Punitive Laws and confiscations. Acting as intermediaries between English landlords and peasant tenants, they ensured the efficient administration of land in Ireland. The author highlights the main features of the worldview of the Irish gentry, among which are the tireless adherence to traditions, involvement in folk culture, the memory of noble origins that permeate the entire society, and patronage. In conclusion, it is stated that at the beginning of the 19th century. Irish gentry middlemen, carriers of elite and popular culture, formed a layer of large Catholic farmers, a more conservative nobility that prospered and enjoyed a strong position in society.
THE EXPANSION OF EDUCATION IN LONDON OF THE XIV–XVI CENTURIES AND CITY OFFICIALS
Authors: Чернова Л.Н.
Published: June 2024

В статье выявляется роль должностных лиц Лондона в развитии образования в городе в XIV—XVI вв. Показано, что в рассматриваемый период английская столица в силу сложившихся здесь условий все больше наполнялась широким спектром школ, которые могли удовлетворить разные по содержанию и уровню запросы горожан. Значимую роль в расширении сети школ играли олдермены, мэры, шерифы, принадлежавшие к купеческой элите. Чаще всего они открывали «свободные грамматические школы», в которых обучали не только латыни и латинской грамматике, но также дисциплинам тривиума и квадривиума, а подчас богословию, праву, метафизике и английскому языку. Однако, как правило, это была частная инициатива того или иного официала, а не целенаправленная политика городской власти.

The article reveals the role of London officials in the expansion of education in the city in the XIV—XVI centuries. It is shown that during the period under review, the English capital, due to the prevailing conditions here, was increasingly filled with a wide range of schools that could satisfy the demands of citizens of different content and level. Aldermen, Mayors and Sheriffs belonging to the merchant elite played a significant role in the expansion the number of schools. Most often, they opened «free grammar schools» in which they taught not only Latin and Latin grammar, but also the disciplines of trivium and quadrivium, and sometimes theology, law, metaphysics and English. However, as a rule, it was a private initiative of one or another official, and not a purposeful policy of the city government.
The Multifaceted Impact of Directors and Officers (D&O) Insurance on Corporate Governance and Performance
Authors: Xue Chang
Published: June 2024

In the ever-evolving capital market, safeguarding shareholder rights and interests is paramount for Chinese listed companies facing escalating risks. This article explores the dynamic discourse surrounding Directors and Officers (D&O) insurance, focusing on its implications in emerging markets with lower institutional support and disclosure quality. Spanning 2000 to 2020, this study rigorously examines the impact of D&O insurance in China, investigating its associations with capital markets, regulatory frameworks, managerial practices and financial reporting. My analysis reveals that D&O insurance correlates negatively with CEO turnover and litigation risk. However, its influence on investment efficiency, earnings management, financial reporting and corporate governance is comparatively modest. I also uncover nuanced disparities between stateowned enterprises (SOEs) and non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs). In SOEs, where CEOs are appointed by the government and litigation risk is lower, D&O insurance’s impact is less pronounced. Conversely, non-SOEs, facing higher litigation risk, find greater significance in D&O insurance as protection against legal action. In summary, this article highlights D&O insurance’s role as a protective shield for CEOs and underscores its evolving dynamics in Chinese listed companies’ corporate governance and risk management.
The Relationship between Corporate Governance, Employee Salaries, Salary Gaps and Financial Performance
Authors: Ming-Chuan Wang  , Shen-Yuan Chen  , Shih-Wei Hung
Published: June 2024

Given the scarcity of literature exploring the nexus between corporate governance and employee salaries, this study investigates the impact of corporate governance on employee compensation and its subsequent effects on financial performance. We identify a positive correlation between robust corporate governance and higher employee salaries, which in turn enhances firm profitability and value. Our findings also suggest that employee salaries act as a partially mediate in the relationship between corporate governance and firm value, indicating a nuanced mechanism through which governance quality influences organisational outcomes. Notably, we observe that enhanced corporate governance is associated with a wider salary gap between management and non-management employees, a factor that might adversely affect financial performance. These results underscore the complex dynamics between corporate governance and employee compensation strategies, contributing to a deeper understanding of their interplay.
Asymmetric Effects of Investor Sentiment on Malaysian Sectoral Stocks: A Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach
Authors: Tze-Haw Chan  , Abdul Saqib  , Hooi Hooi Lean
Published: June 2024

Extant literature fails to conclusively shed light on the asymmetric effects of market sentiment during bulls and bears, especially for small open markets like Malaysia. This study constructs a sentiment index for Malaysia using Principal Component Analysis. A nonlinear ARDL model is applied to capture and distinguish the optimistic and pessimistic sentiments to justify sectoral stock price movements. Our threefold findings reveal the significant explanatory power of sentiment on sectoral stock prices for both market phases, validated by bound test statistics and error correction terms. Furthermore, the study uncovers long-run asymmetric effects in most sectors (excluding technology) and emphasises their insignificance in the short run, attributable to limited and regulated short selling. Dynamic multiplier graphs underscore the temporal nature of sentiment effects, peaking in the 3rd to 7th months for most stocks, with technology stocks exhibiting an overreaction to negative sentiments. Notably, most stocks respond to positive adjustments, indicating that investors are not driven by loss aversion stemming from diverse market news. These insights are vital for individual traders, fund managers, and regulatory bodies involved in risk assessment and hedging strategy formulation. The study contributes to non-conventional equity analyses, offering valuable perspectives for navigating the complexities of small open markets.
Corporate Social Responsibility Practices, Corporate Sustainable Development, Venture Capital and Corporate Governance: Evidence from Chinese Public Listed Firms
Authors: Jing Wu  , Chee Yoong Liew
Published: June 2024

This study intends to investigate the relationship between the different corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices of firms and their corporate sustainable development (CSD) as well as whether venture capital (VC) and corporate governance (CG) moderate this relationship and capital allocation efficiency (CAE) mediates the relationship. The sample of this study consist of Chinese A-share public-listed firms as well as the Growth Enterprise Market (GEM) listed firms in China. The duration covered is from 2013 to 2020. There are significant positive relationships between CSR and CSD among Chinese A-shares listed firms and GEM listed firms. In addition, there is a significant positive moderating effect of CG and no significant moderating effect of VC on the relationship between CSR and CSD among Chinese A-shares listed firms. However, for GEM listed firms, there is no significant moderating effect of both VC and CG on the relationship between CSR and CSD. Finally, there is a significant positive mediating effect of CAE on the relationship between CSR and CSD among Chinese A-shares listed firms and GEM listed firms.
A comparative analysis of land, labour and gender in a communal area and fast track farm in Zvimba Rural District, Zimbabwe
Authors:   , Chinomona Perpetua
Published: June 2024

This thesis provides a comparative analysis of gender, land, and labour between two different types of farming sites in rural Zimbabwe, namely long-established communal areas and the more recent Al fast track land reform resettlement areas. More specifically, the focus is on Kanzou Village and Stratford fast track resettlement farm respectively, located in Zvimba District in Mashonaland West Province. The study focuses on the period from the year 2000, the year in which the fast track resettlement programme was launched by the government. The thesis examines in particular the status and experience of women with regard to land acquisition, access and security as well as the division of labour (including assets, inputs and labour-time) in the spheres of production (i.e., agriculture) and social reproduction (i.e., the domestic sphere). This includes highlighting the power relations existing between men and women in both spheres, in the light of prevailing systems of patriarchy. Analytically, the thesis is framed in terms of feminism, drawing upon the complementary insights of Third World feminism and socialist feminism. In seeking to capture the perspectives and practices of men and women in the two sites, the fieldwork for the study entails a qualitative methodology. The findings of the research demonstrate the existence and relevance of patriarchal systems with respect to land and labour in Kanzou Village and Stratford fast track farm, with key commonalities appearing across the two sites with reference to the multiple ways in which women are disadvantaged and disempowered. Therefore, gender bias and inequality in land and labour are exhibited by the fact that men have, for instance, easier access to land, less involvement in labouring activities, control over a higher proportion of household income and a disproportionate level of power in the household. At the same time, there are certain differences between Kanzou Village and Stratford fast track farm around questions of gender, land and labour, but these are differences in degree rather than kind. Perhaps more important in explaining the differences between the two sites, and indeed differences within each site, are other variables. These variables include marital status, form or marriage (for example, customary or civil marriages), age and gender. By considering these variables as well, the thesis shows the importance of unpacking the notion of ‘woman’ to reveal the variegated and differential experiences of different categories of women in rural Zimbabwe.
Supporting management decisions for M&A transactions based on the strategic allocation of intangible assets
Authors: Sorrentino Giuseppe , Situm Mario , Serpeninova Yuliia , Tumpach Milos , Juhaszova Zuzana
Published: June 2024

In the context of mergers and acquisitions (M&A), management decisions regarding asset allocation play a key role in determining the strategic value of intangible assets. This study investigates the allocation of such assets, particularly goodwill, in relation to enterprise value on balance sheets across global M&A transactions within the B2C sector from 2000 to 2021. Utilizing data from the Markables database, which includes 543 transactions, this study presents robust and quantile regression analyses to effectively address challenges arising from non-normally distributed data. The findings underscore a significant correlation between the strategic allocation of intangible assets, especially goodwill, and enterprise value, highlighting their essential role in reflecting future earning potential and growth prospects. Additionally, the study reveals specific factors, including transaction type (asset vs. share deals) and timing (transaction year), that influence these asset allocation decisions. These insights are critical for enhancing management decisions in valuation and strategic financial planning during M&A. By elucidating these dynamics, this paper significantly contributes to the literature on management accounting and corporate finance, offering a granular understanding of the valuation of intangible assets in business combinations.
Acknowledgment This study emerged from a cooperative project between the University of Applied Sciences Kufstein (Austria) and the University of Economics in Bratislava (Slovakia) 2023-05-15-003 “Enhancing long-term business value towards environmentally and socially sustainable economy,” which was funded by the performance committee of the Austria-Slovakia Action initiative.
From Shadows to Spotlight: Unveiling the Saga of Manual Scavenging in India
Authors:   Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Patna, Raj Nihal , Tiwari Manish , Singh Isser Suyasha ,   Amity Institute of Social Sciences, Amity University, Noida
Published: June 2024

With the announcement of “The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993,” the practice of manual scavenging became illegal in India. The manual scavenging problem as a practice is prolonged because of the lack of technological progress and political and administrative will to implement reformative laws on the ground. The Indological text has a particular interpretation of manual scavenging, constituting the basis of caste ideologies and practices. Using qualitative data, the present study encapsulates the transformation of manual scavenging from an overlooked issue to one that demands attention and understanding. It sets the tone for a comprehensive exploration of the historical, social, and policy dimensions surrounding manual scavenging in India. The paper argues that most of the legislative and executive decisions have landed on the terrain of totemism, purity & pollution and are heavily ritualised in the ideological framework, contributing least to the practice.
Royal Fabrics: The Politics of Apparel in Tudor England as Reflected in Hilary Mantel’s Wolf Hall Trilogy
Authors:   Department of English, Gauhati University, Janid Masum , Daimari Anjali
Published: June 2024

Costumes played a significant role at the royal courts of King Henry VIII, and courtiers maintained scrupulous cautiousness regarding their presentability and dress. Theatricality is a persistent trope in Mantel’s Neo-Tudor novels, often exercised through strategically displayed extravagant fabrics. This study interprets the clothing culture at the courts of King Henry VIII, as represented in the three Wolf Hall novels. As social classes became increasingly stratified during the Renaissance, the bourgeoisie distinguished themselves from the commoners and sustained inclusivity into the monarchical elite by enacting strategic theatricality. This paper demonstrates how the theatricality of magnificence was performed through the politics of apparel, ornamentation, and distinguished fashion. Referring to works by John Matusiak, Tracy Borman, Maria Hayward, and Elizabeth Currie, this study argues that fashion was at the core of Royal Tudor governance, and Mantel utilises this trope to camouflage or amplify the magnitude of a political persona. In the context of the Tudor Sumptuary Laws, this paper also analyses how Mantel used dress as a motif of theatricality to demonstrate class segregation during sixteenth-century England. The gendering of clothes and its political ramifications shall be another issue tackled by this paper, focusing on the sartorial choices of the characters of Anne Boleyn, Katherine, and Jane Seymour.
Response of the water level of the Balkash Lake to the distribution of meteorological and hydrological droughts under the conditions of climate change
Authors: Alimkulov Sayat , Makhmudova Lyazzat , Talipova E. K. , Baspakova Gaukhar , Tigkas Dimitris , Gulsaira Isakan
Published: June 2024

Hydrological droughts occur due to a variety of hydrometeorological phenomena, such as lack of precipitation, reduced snow cover and high evaporation. The values of these factors vary depending on the climate and the severity of drought events. Droughts caused by a lack of precipitation and continuing in the warm season have a longer periodicity. This important statement raises the question of whether climate change may exacerbate the phenomenon of drought. Therefore, understanding changes in the formation of hydrological droughts is key to foreseeing possible changes in the future. This scientific study analyzes the spread of hydrometeorological droughts in the Ile-Balkash basin using standardized precipitation indices and the drought index of river runoff. Lake Balkash plays an important role in the hydrological cycle and is a valuable freshwater resource, especially in dry years. Prolonged droughts in the area have serious consequences, including deterioration of water quality and loss of wetlands, which are important to the ecological system and migratory birds. The analysis shows that during the period of instrumental observations, several extreme hydrological droughts were observed in this area, (1943–1946, 1973–1975 and 1983–1987), which emphasizes the relevance and importance of scientific research on the problem of drought.
Exploring Innovative Approaches in Type-2 Diabetes Management: A
Comprehensive Review on Nano-carriers and Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Chauhan Nitasha , Kumar Mohit , Kumar Karan , Chopra Shruti , Bhatia Amit
Published: June 2024

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood sugar levels and encompasses
various types like type 1, type 2, gestational, and prediabetes. This review delves into the intricacies of
type-2 diabetes mellitus and its ideal management. Presently, a spectrum of herbal and synthetic drugs is employed
for type-2 diabetes mellitus management. We gathered information about diabetes mellitus from articles
published up to 2024 and listed in PubMed, Web of Science, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and similar
databases. The keywords used in our search included “diabetes”, “herbal drugs”, “nano-carriers”, “transdermal
drug delivery”, etc. By carefully analyzing the research on type-2 diabetes-mellitus, it was found that there is
an increase in diabetes-based research, which can be demonstrated by contemplating the PubMed search engine
results using transdermal delivery for type-2 diabetes-mellitus as a keyword. The oral consumption of these
drugs is associated with numerous side effects, including obesity, pancreatic cancer, and hormonal imbalances.
To surmount these challenges, the utilization of nano-carriers and transdermal drug delivery systems
emerges as a promising avenue aiming to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of drugs. Nano-carriers represent a
revolutionary approach, integrating cutting-edge technologies, inventive strategies, and methodologies to deliver
active molecules in concentrations that are both safe and effective, thereby eliciting the desired pharmacological
response. This review critically examines the constraints associated with traditional oral administration
of anti-diabetic drugs and underscores the manifold initiatives undertaken to revolutionize drug delivery. This
review focuses on the limitations associated with the conventional oral administration of anti-diabetic drugs
and the many initiatives made so far for the effective and safe delivery of drugs using innovative constituents
and techniques.
Artificial Intelligence in Cancer Diagnosis: A Game-Changer in
Healthcare
Authors: Sahoo Pramit , Kundu Meghoparna , Begum Jeenatara
Published: June 2024

Early cancer identification is essential for increasing survival rates and lowering the
disease's burden in today's society. Artificial intelligence [AI]--based algorithms may help in the
early detection of cancer and resolve problems with current diagnostic methods. This article
gives an overview of the prospective uses of AI in early cancer detection.
The authors go over the possible applications of Artificial Intelligence algorithms used for
screening risk of malignancy in asymptomatic patients, investigating as well as prioritising
symptomatic individuals, and more accurately diagnosing cancer recurrence.
In screening programmes, the importance of patient selection and risk stratification is
emphasised, and AI may be able to assist in identifying people who are most at risk of acquiring
cancer. Aside from pathology slide and peripheral blood analysis, AI can also increase the
diagnostic precision of imaging methods like computed tomography [CT] and mammography. A
summary of various AI techniques is given in the review, covering more sophisticated deep
learning and neural networks and more traditional models like logistic regression. The
advantages of deep learning algorithms in spotting intricate patterns in huge datasets and their
potential to increase the precision of cancer diagnosis are emphasised by the authors. The ethical
concerns surrounding the application of AI in healthcare are also discussed, and include topics
like prejudice, data security, and privacy.
A review of the models now employed in clinical practice is included along with a discussion of
the prospective clinical implications of AI algorithms. Examined are AI's drawbacks and
hazards, such as resource requirements, data quality, and the necessity for consistent reporting.
In conclusion, this study emphasises the utility of AI algorithms in the early detection of cancer
and gives a general overview of the many strategies and difficulties involved in putting them
into use in clinical settings.
1,3,5-Triazine: Recent Development in Synthesis of its Analogs and Biological Profile
Authors: Kumawat Jyoti , Jain Sonika , Misra Namita , Dwivedi Jaya , Kishore Dharma
Published: June 2024

:

Triazine is an important pharmacophore in the field of research for the development of
novel medications due to its presence in numerous powerful physiologically active compounds with
significant medical potential, such as anti-tumor, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-
HIV, anti-leishmanial and others. The easy availability of triazine, high reactivity, simple synthesis
of their analog, and their notable broad range of biological activities have garnered chemist interest
in designing s-triazine-based drugs. The interest of medicinal chemists has been sparked by the
structure-activity relationship of these biologically active entities, leading to the discovery of several
promising lead molecules. Its importance for medicinal chemistry research is demonstrated by the
remarkable progress made with triazine derivatives in treating a variety of disorders in a very short
period. Authors have collated and reviewed the medicinal potential of s-triazine analogous to afford
medicinal chemists with a thorough and target-oriented overview of triazine-derived compounds.
We hope the present compilation will help people from the industry and research working in the
medicinal chemistry area.
Chronic Administration of Red Yeast Rice Mitigates Endothelial Dysfunction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Uncoupling
Authors: Tan Jiunn Jye , Murugan Dharmani Devi , Ling Wei Chih , Lee Siew-Keah , Kang Waye Hann
Published: June 2024

Background:

Hypertension is associated with endothelial dysfunction. An imbalance in
the production of Nitric Oxide (NO) and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), leading to impaired
NO-cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate (cGMP) pathway, contributes to this disorder. Red Yeast
Rice (RYR), produced from the fermentation of rice with Monascus purpureus, is a traditional
functional food originating from China. Although recognized for its anti-dyslipidemia properties,
there has been growing evidence regarding the anti-hypertensive effects of RYR. However, these
studies only focused on its direct and short-term effects.

Aim:

This study aims to investigate the vasoprotective effects of chronic oral RYR administration
using Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR).

Materials and Methods:

SHR were randomly divided into 3 groups: SHR – Control; SHR – RYR
extract (100 mg/kg/day); SHR – lovastatin (10 mg/kg/day). Wistar-Kyoto Rats (WKY) were used
as normotensive controls. All animals were treated for 12 weeks by oral gavage. Systolic Blood
Pressure (SBP) was measured weekly (tail-cuff method). Vascular reactivity was determined using
isolated rat aortic rings in an organ bath. Aortic ROS, NO, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), and
cGMP levels were evaluated.

Results:

Administration of RYR attenuated SBP elevation and enhanced endothelium-dependent
vasodilation in aortic rings. In addition, RYR decreased ROS production and significantly improved
the level of vascular NO, BH4, and cGMP.

Conclusion:

In an SHR model, treatment with RYR for 12 weeks exerts an SBP lowering effect
that can be attributed to improved vascular function via reduction of oxidative stress, decreased endothelial
NO Synthase (eNOS) uncoupling and enhanced NO-cGMP pathway.
Luminescence Detection of Cr3+, Bi3+, and Acetone in Aqueous Solution by Core-Shell Tb-MOF
Authors: Yang Mengfei , Shi Jing , Luo Taiming , Yang Xiaozhan
Published: June 2024

Aims:

By using terephthalic acid, 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid, and terbium nitrate
hexahydrate, a Tb-MOF with a core-shell structure was successfully designed and prepared.

Method:

A one-pot method was employed to design and synthesize core-shell Tb-MOF. The
morphology, luminescence performance, and stability were well characterized.

Results:

Tb-MOF demonstrated good water stability, acid and alkali resistance, and thermal stability.
Tb-MOF was found to have high sensitivity to detect Cr3+, Bi3+, and acetone in an aqueous solution,
and the LOD of Cr3+, Bi3+, and acetone were calculated to be 0.18 μM, 4.22 μM, and 0.26%,
respectively. The sensing mechanism of Cr3+ and acetone was explained as energy-competitive
absorption, and the sensing mechanism of Bi3+ was explained as ion replacement.

Conclusion:

The prepared Tb-MOF can be developed as a multifunctional light-emitting sensor with
high selectivity.
Clinical Manifestations’ Spectrum of Smartphone Addiction: Moving from an Addiction toward a Clinical Syndrome
Authors: Alwazzeh Mudar , Harfouch Muhdammad , Hasan Manal Ahmed , Alqatari Safi , AlSaid Abir Hamad , Alwazzeh Marwan Jabr
Published: June 2024

Background

Smartphone addiction is an emerging type of addiction in the digital era, characterized by smartphone dependence that negatively affects human health with a wide range of psychological and physical manifestations.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the detailed clinical manifestations of smartphone addiction as a delineated clinical syndrome.

Methods

A cross-sectional study design was employed to assess smartphone addiction prevalence and its health impacts among Syrian undergraduates using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV 2013), the Kessler psychological distress scale (K-6), and a comprehensive assessment of the clinical manifestations frequently linked to smartphone addiction in the literature. Different statistical modeling techniques were applied; a P value of < .05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Of 1532 invited undergraduates, 1401 (91.45%) completed the assessment adequately. Most participants were females (59.7%) and below 23 years of age (73.2%). The prevalence of smartphone addiction was 67.80%; statistically significant smartphone addiction associations were revealed with psychological distress (P < .0001) with odds ratios of 3.308. Most screened physical manifestations also showed a significant association with smartphone addiction.

Conclusion

A high prevalence of smartphone addiction was observed with a broad spectrum of associated mental and physical manifestations. As smart device addiction becomes a global health concern, combining the clinical findings reported in the related literature into one clinical identity is necessary to develop a holistic management approach for the delineated clinical syndrome.
Detection of Fake News in Distributed Environment
Authors: Shargunam S. , Rajakumar G.
Published: June 2024

Data analytics is the present and the future of problem-solving in computing.
With the increasing trends in Data and Processing power, Machine learning solutions
are evolving to cater to the needs and challenges in both scientific and business worlds.
In this work, the current solutions have been discussed, and the results of the practical
experiments are shown with a glimpse into the future direction. The task of automatic
identification of fake news is addressed. Fake news datasets are obtained through
crowdsourcing and web covering celebrities. Due to the inherent relationship among
publishers, news and social engagements during the news dissemination process on
social media, the SVM classifier model has been implemented, the Multilayer
Perceptron model for distributed environment is proposed and a performance
comparison of two models is established.
Biofertilizers: A Non-polluting Technology for Environmental and Agriculture Sustainability
Authors: Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Thiruneelakandan R. , Padmapriya G.
Published: June 2024

Improvement of agricultural practices for enhanced productivity has been
the driving factor for Green Revolution. Its introduction has led to modernization in
farming with the use of high yield variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc.
Excessive usage of these chemicals, due to urbanization, has led to the deterioration of
soil quality, depletion of essential nutrients and microbes present naturally in the soil,
and cause water pollution. The use of fertilizers has been found to be very effective in
achieving food production goals, but the widespread use of inorganic fertilizers seems
to have a significant impact on soil physicochemical parameters, as this approach
causes the exhaustion of essential minerals in the soil, which depletes soil fertility. As a
result, adopting an alternative method that will act as a replacement and treatment has
become critical in order to overcome this difficulty. The introduction of biofertilizers
could be a boon for the agriculture industry as they are cost-effective, improving soil
health by replenishing the soil with nutrients and enhancing the growth of plant growth
promoting microorganisms. Plants are also protected from brininess and aridity by
biofertilizers. Biofertilizers are also environment-friendly and do not cause any
hazards. Biofertilizers, when used as a supplement, have been shown to protect plants
by releasing antibiotics that can fight against various plant infections.
Waste Management Techniques for Sustainable Development: A Review
Authors: Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Padmapriya G. , Anupama De Zoysa Agampodi Sanduni , Omoikhoje Izegaegbe Daniel
Published: June 2024

Any substance that is not in use or is unwanted is called a “waste”. Waste
management is the proper control of waste in order to protect it from environmental
hazards. Industrial waste, commercial waste, domestic waste, agricultural waste, and
electronic waste are a few types of waste that can be categorized. Environmental
problems such as water pollution, air pollution, and soil pollution are a few different
problems that can occur due to the improper management of waste. Landfill
incineration, waste compaction, composting, vermicomposting, recycling, plasma
gasification, and conversion of waste into energy are some innovative methods of
waste management that are discussed in this work.
Sensor-Based Vehicle Fuel Theft Detection System Using Microcontroller
Authors: Abraham Jacob , Ganesh S. , Kannadhasan S.
Published: June 2024

Vehicle fuel theft is one of the key worries of many bike and automobile
owners these days. We've all heard stories of fuel being taken from our motorcycles or
automobiles, and some of us have even experienced it ourselves. The primary goal of
this detector is to prevent such an occurrence. A simple, cost-effective method is
suggested here for maintaining vehicle fuel security when the vehicle owner is present
anywhere on the planet. This style detector digitally displays the amount of gasoline in
the fuel tank. When the gasoline is stolen, a buzzer sounds, alerting the bike's owner.
The goal of this project is to utilize it to monitor fuel security. When this system detects
an instruction, it sends an alert to the vehicle's owner. When the owner of a motorcycle,
automobile, or truck enters the key into the ignition lock and turns it on, a signal is sent
to the microcontroller. Because the microcontroller recognizes that the bike/car has
started, it will not monitor the fuel level. With this project, we've included a bike
ignition key. When the key is taken from the ignition lock, the level sensor is activated.
As soon as the individual exits the vehicle, the key is removed, and the system is
triggered.
Photocatalyst Based on TiO2 and Its Application for Environmental Remediation: A Challenge to Sustainable Development
Authors: Ganesan Subbulakshmi , Roshan Priyanshi , Mathur Ritika
Published: June 2024

This is an overview of the photocatalyst TiO2
which gets activated under UV
rays. Its use in wastewater management is discussed. TiO2
is a semiconductor that uses
the transient nature of electrons and holes to produce radicals such as OH• and HO2• to
degrade organic pollutants, inorganic pollutants, and pathogens, particularly into
carbon dioxide, water, and oxides of organic compounds, respectively. The oxides are
recycled back into the biogeochemical cycle. TiO2
differs in its structure such as
anatase, brookite, and rutile, and hence its properties. Besides this, there are several
methods of its preparation that can be obtained through natural sources or synthetic
preparation. To enhance the outcome of wastewater treatment, TiO2
is doped or
modified with certain elements. These include nonmetal Dopants such as porous
minerals, carbon materials (fiber, graphene, activated carbon), polymer materials (PLC,
PE), nitrogen, etc., and metals such as precious metals (Ag, Pt), ions (Fe3+, Mo5+).
Composite modifications are also done. The formation of hetero junctions is one such
method that enhances the activity of TiO2
to increase the photo response in the visible
and infrared regions. Co-doping is also done such as N and Co-doped TiO2
. Certain
parameters which affect the efficiency of TiO2
.> are discussed briefly along with the
limitations it has. The degradation rates of some doped TiO2
acting on methylene blue
and Rhoda mine B are recorded and a case study on the degradation of butachlor using
Degussa-25 is discussed briefly. While degradation, a new byproduct, i.e., carboxylic
ions (such as acetate and formate) was also found but later on, after undergoing photoKolbe’s reaction, CO2
was formed along with regenerated TiO2
. Here, peroxide ions
played a major role in degradation as due to the presence of common salt, there was a
competition to occupy the active holes of TiO2
. Hence, OH• became non-selective.
Research Challenges in Renewable Energy Sources
Authors: Madhu M. C. , Prashanth N. A.
Published: June 2024

Today, the main driver of socioeconomic development is energy. However,
the interest in renewable energy is important because of the increasing level of
environmental concern. Due to the ongoing depletion of fossil fuels, this alternative
energy source is steadily growing in popularity. It is the energy that is derived from the
sun, wind, rain, etc. Solar energy has one of the greatest potentialities for conversion
into electric power among unconventional, renewable energy sources. To improve
efficiency, a solar system should produce as much electricity as possible. So we keep
the solar panels aligned with the sun for optimum power production. This chapter
discusses the production of electricity from solar energy. By appropriately positioning
the panel in line with the position of the sun, the suggested method assures the
maximum efficiency of the conversion of solar energy into electricity.
Industrial Internet of Things: A Transformation
Authors: Nandhini P. S.
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the IIoT has piqued the interest of academic and industrial
researchers. When IT was combined with industrial automation and control systems,
the term IIoT was coined. It provides an integrated development environment for
businesses to create intelligent interconnected systems that leverage a variety of IoT
devices to connect the cyber and physical worlds with greater availability and
scalability. IIoT includes networked smart electricity, industrial, medical,, and
transportation. In terms of technology, Consumer IoT and Industrial IoT are not
similar. In this chapter, the evolution of industry, recent research, and applications in
IIoT are discussed. This chapter aims to assess the current state of IIOT in the current
context and make some research recommendations for future researchers.