bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Elective Surgery Guidelines During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Current Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Shemshadi Hashem , Layeghi Fereydoon ,   Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran., Khorasani Bijan ,   Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2021

Background: The primary purpose of this literature review is to investigate different views of elective surgery management during the COVID-19 pandemic. In other words, the guidelines about diseases prevention and their proper management during performing elective surgeries have been reviewed. Materials and Methods: Current articles related to COVID-19 and practicing elective surgeries in different remarkable EndNote X8 database journals in 2020 were retrieved. All articles referring to COVID-19 precaution rules in implementing elective surgeries were integrated into the article’s main goals. Results: All reviews showed alarming guideline steps that should be taken for validated preventing and managing elective surgeries practiced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Emphasizing qualified elective surgery protocols were quoted in many articles to do elective surgeries with successful results. Conclusion: Taking effective and evidence-based steps in patients` selection, precautions, and hospitals` safety cares result in protective surgical results. Elective surgeries should be practiced in highly-equipped hospitals with extraordinary quarantine measures during a COVID-19 pandemic. Safety measures are the primary goal for patients, staff, surgeons, and other health providers before surgeons get involved with any elective surgeries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Questions of how different elective surgical operations are planned during the COVID-19 pandemic are essential controversies. As no clear answers are found to questions of how elective surgeries can be practiced during a COVID-19 pandemic, specific rules issued by the world’s most authentic surgical associations have been adopted by surgeons to operate elective surgeries.
Formation of supra-professional competencies sought in special economic development zones in graduates of technical universities
Authors:   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lizunkov Vladislav G. , Politsinskaya Ekaterina V. ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Malushko Elena Yu. ,   Volgograd State University
Published: May 2021

The problem and goal. Modern economy needs engineers having necessary competencies, able to impart a positive impetus to the development of further competitiveness of enterprises located in Priority Social and Economic Development Areas (PSEDA) and throughout entire Russia. The technical higher educational institutions face the mission to secure not only full-value professional training of engineering personnel, but also retraining of the existing specialists within a short time. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the efficiency of the adaptive organisational/pedagogical system of supplementary professional education aimed at developing trainees’ supra-professional competencies within the system of supplementary professional education. Materials and methods. The study involved 146 various-level top managers of PSEDA resident enterprises and 840 persons who were trained under 19 supplementary professional programmes at 43 advanced training courses structured in accordance with the educational services plan of the Centre for supplementary professional education (SPE). The development of trainees’ supra-professional competencies was monitored through observation, questioning and interviewing. The Likert satisfaction scale was used to analyse the collected data. Results. It was established that employers highly appreciate supra-professional competencies as a necessary component of specialist’s qualification characteristics. Following the survey results, it was revealed that 83 % of specialists out of 1000 interviewed persons had not attended any courses of supplementary professional education over the previous 5 years. The efficiency of personnel retraining was determined by analysing the changes in the company’s performance, based on the results of interviewing the employers; the growth of quantitative and qualitative indicators was 62% in 2018, 74% in 2019 and 93% in 2020. Discussion and conclusion. The components of the adaptive organisational/pedagogical system proposed by the authors made it possible to increase the efficiency of educational activities in the system of supplementary professional education, which was confirmed by a pedagogical experiment. The efficiency was determined through numerical measurement tools allowing accurate diagnostics of the experiment participants’ success.
Integrated foreign languages teaching: a concept of the English language textbook for engineering majors
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Bazhutina Marina M.
Published: May 2021

Since 2017 new state educational standards for higher education have been introduced and contain the fourth universal competence (UC-4) which refers to the notion “business communication”. In this relation, the paper considers the issue of creating an up-to-date English language textbook for engineering majors in compliance with the requirements of the new state educational standards according to the methodology of the integrated teaching of foreign languages. The author presents such concept emphasizing the fact that engineering majors – and automobile engineering majors in particular – lack modern professionally oriented textbooks of English. Research methods include: analysis of the requirements of the state educational standards, scientific sources on integrated foreign languages and professional disciplines teaching; modelling a concept of the English language textbook. The purpose of the present paper is to introduce a concept of the textbook according to the model of integrated foreign languages teaching as part of the methodology of integrated foreign languages and professional disciplines teaching. In this relation, the author clarifies the difference between the Russian methodology of integrated foreign languages and professional disciplines teaching and the European technology of Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL). The author describes features of three models of integrated teaching in Russia and gives grounds for choosing the “golden mean” – integrated foreign language teaching as the basis for creating professionally oriented textbooks of English. The research results include also the author’s introducing the notion of zones of near and further integration which are characterized by a different degree of content and competence integration into students’ learning professional disciplines and acquiring professional competences. The zones of integration help to differentiate the textbook for teaching professionally oriented General English and the textbook for teaching courses of professional English. The concept contributes to disclosing the previously proposed idea of the developing of the integrated foreign language professional communicative competence because it introduces principles for creating English language textbooks and their key components. Although the concept is worked out for creating textbooks of English for students of automobile engineering, but it may as well be applied for all engineering majors. The concept will be detailed as the textbooks are being created and piloted at the same time.
The role of social intelligence in overcoming mental burnout in the aspect of subject genesis of teachers working with children with special educational needs
Authors:   Kursk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Molchanova Lyudmila N. , Malikhova Larisa N. ,   Kursk Boarding School for Children with Disabilities, Kuznetsova Alesya A. ,   Kursk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Stulova Anna V. ,   Kursk State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

Among the numerous factors of the subject genesis of teachers, social intelligence plays an important role. Social intelligence is defined as a special quality of a person, her ability to understand, differentiate and predict the verbal and non-verbal behavior of other people and the consequences, quickly and easily come into contact with them, which determine the effectiveness of social interaction. The results of the relationship between social intelligence and mental burnout were obtained by researchers. The problem of the role of social intelligence in overcoming mental burnout is relevant and poorly researched. The teachers working at the Kursk boarding school for children with disabilities at the Kursk boarding school for children with disabilities (all participants are females; N = 50; professional experience up to 43 years) voluntarily took part in the study. Observation and conversation, as well as standardized techniques for diagnosing burnout and social intelligence, were used from a number of empirical methods. To process the research results, computer methods were used by the mathematics of statistical analysis. It has been empirically proven that the underdeveloped ability of teachers to understand the change in the meaning of similar verbal reactions of students, their parents, colleagues, administration (F=4,38; df=2,47; β =-0,412; р=0,019), as well as to logically generalize and highlight common and significant signs in their various non-verbal reactions (F=3,90; df=2,47; β = 0,364; p=0,030) increase the risk of mental burnout. On the contrary, well-developed abilities to foresee the consequences of the behavior of other people in a certain situation can be considered as a factor in overcoming psychosomatic and psycho-vegetative disorders (F = 136,66; β = -0,952; р =0,0000), irritability, resentment, harshness, rudeness, emotional and personal isolation (F = 115,17; β = -0,840; р = 0,0000), the feeling that it is emotionally impossible to help their wards (F = 115,33; β = -0,936; р = 0,0000).
Features of distance learning in the modern conditions of a Russian university: based on the materials of a survey of students
Authors:   Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Starchikova Irina Yu.
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Distance learning is a forced and extreme condition due to the spread of COVID-19. The higher school is looking for ways to improve the process of education for young people and opens up new opportunities for the transition to distance learning through the introduction of innovative technologies. The purpose of the study is to find out the pros and cons of distance learning, using the analysis of data obtained through a sociological survey of students. Materials and methods. The material of the research was the answers of 122 students of the Stupino branch of the Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) from 1 to 3 courses of the full-time department by filling in Google forms. Results. 42.6% of teaching students positively assessed the importance of switching to the remote platform of the LMS MAI, although only a third of the respondents would like to study remotely next semester. Motivation and involvement in the learning process in the new environment is present in 44.3% of respondents, and 63.9 % of students believe that learning a foreign language at a distance makes it difficult to understand new material. In addition, 73.3% of respondents believe that humanities are easier to study remotely, as opposed to technical subjects. In the organization of the educational process through distance learning, 45.1% of the surveyed students discovered new opportunities to continue learning the language. It should be noted that a third of respondents (32.8%) believe that in the near future, higher education can be fully transferred to distance learning. The method of principal components revealed that the attitude of students to distance learning is not related to the motivation to learn. Conclusion. The drastic reformatting of the educational process with limited internal and external resources of the universities intensified their mobilization in an emergency implementation of distance learning technologies, but not in the systematic use of tools online training, require a much longer preparation time and testing on the students in order to develop a competitive and developing educational system, and natural is not always an orderly and systematic approach.
Perivoj i vegetacija Vile Čingrija na Boninovu
Authors: Marić Mara
Published: May 2021

Stručni rad ima za cilj prezentirati jedan dio terenske nastavne jedinice u okviru kolegija "Povijesni vrtovi Mediterana" na Studiju Povijesti Jadrana i Mediterana Sveučilišta u Dubrovniku. Nastavna jedinica ima za cilj prikazati perivojna ostvarenja u razdoblju s prijelaza iz 19. u 20. stoljeće odnosno u prvim desetljećima 20. stoljeća. Naglasak je na iščitavanju povijesnih, stilskih i hortikulturnih značajki lokacije. Vila Čingrija izgrađena početkom 20. stoljeća nalazi se na rubnom uzobalnom dijelu povijesne vrtne zone Pile – Boninovo. Na širem potezu ove zone, u razdoblju renesanse, počinju se u pravilnom rasteru, unutar mreža glavnih prilaznih i okomitih sporednih komunikacija, oblikovati tzv. insule (čestice parcela). Unutar insula se oblikuju prigradski ljetnikovci s vrtovima. U istom uzorku i na tragu dubrovačke ladanjske, rezidencijalne arhitekture u tom prostoru se gradi sve do kraja 19. i u prvoj polovici 20. stoljeća. Lokacija vile s perivojem nalazi se na prostoru izrazite ambijentalne vrijednosti, na strmim terasama na kojima
do 10. stoljeća nije bilo gradnje. U vegetacijskome smislu, kao i čitav Dubrovnik, prostor pripada eumediteranskom, vazdazelenom području sveze Quercion ilicis i asocijacije Orno-Quercetum ilicis. Tijekom gradnje vile, u skladu sa tadašnjim florističkim trendovima, zasađen je veliki broj alohtonih tj. za ono vrijeme egzotičnih biljaka. Do danas su ostale očuvane one, koje su se dobro prilagodile pedoklimatskim uvjetima, s obzirom da je perivoj
vile tijekom više desetljeća bio zapušten. U tijeku je izrada projektne dokumentacije obnove perivoja i vile za potrebe Regionalnog centra kompetentnosti u turizmu, koji je u tim prostorima planiran.
Rad jer napisan temeljem podataka iz Elaborata obnove perivoja vile Čingrija, te na temelju terenskog izvida sa studentima.
УПРАВЛІННЯ ОБОРОТНИМИ АКТИВАМИ ПРОМИСЛОВИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ: СУЧАСНІ ПІДХОДИ
Authors: Колодізєв Олег , Азізова Катерина
Published: May 2021

Стаття присвячена питанням управління оборотними активами промислових підприємств, які дозволять своєчасно розробити заходи щодо поліпшення ефективності використання оборотних активів в цілому і по окремих елементах. Важливим завданням в частині управління оборотними активами промислових підпри- ємств є забезпечення оптимального співвідношення між платоспроможністю і рентабельністю шляхом підтримки відповідних абсолютних величин статей оборотних активів та їх структури. Метою статті є огляд та теоретичне дослідження сучасних підходів до управління оборотними активами промислових підприємств та визначення його особливостей в сучасних умовах господарювання. Методами дослідження є методи теоретичного узагальнення та порівняння, аналізу й синтезу. Узагальнено підходи до управління оборотними активами у сучасних умовах господарювання. Досліджено етапи процесу управління оборотними активами промислових підприємств.
НАПРЯМИ ОПТИМІЗАЦІЇ ПОДАТКОВОГО НАВАНТАЖЕННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ В КОНТЕКСТІ ПОДАТКОВОГО ПЛАНУВАННЯ
Authors: Орищин Тетяна
Published: May 2021

У статті розглядаються можливі законні способи мінімізації обсягів сплачуваних податків, що досягається ефективним податковим плануванням та оптимізацією оподаткування. Планування податкових платежів, оцінка динаміки ставок сплачуваних податків підвищує економічну безпеку, сприяє зростанню обсягів підприємницької діяльності та інвестиційної активності. Далі у статті розглянуто напрями оптимізації оподаткування податку на прибуток, які передбачають кілька комплексних підходів до зменшення податкового навантаження підприємств-платників податку на прибуток законними методами, а саме, оптимізація дохідної частини; збільшення витрат; робота з грошовими потоками; переказ грошових коштів із загальної системи оподаткування на підприємство, що сплачує єдиний податок, використання лізингових угод.
МЕТОДИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО ІНТЕГРАЛЬНОЇ ОЦІНКИ КОНКУРЕНТНОГО ПОТЕНЦІАЛУ ВИРОБНИЧОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Базилюк Володимир , Базилюк Ксенія
Published: May 2021

Розглянуто переваги та недоліки основних методів оцінки конкурентоспроможності підприємств. Запропоновано авторський підхід до оцінки конкурентного потенціалу виробничого підприємства, що полягає в інтегральній оцінці по шести елементах (виробничому, трудовому, фінансовому, інноваційному, маркетинговому і управлінському), що чинять безпосередній вплив на конкурентоспроможність потенціалу. Сформовано методику розрахунку конкурентоспроможності потенціалу господарюючого суб’єкта на основі методу ранжирування факторів за допомогою експертних оцінок, яка базується на системі показників оцінки та враховує вплив кожного із складових елементів. Розглянуто основні переваги та обмеження застосування на практиці представленої методики.
ДЕРЖАВА В МЕХАНІЗМІ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Єрешко Юлія
Published: May 2021

Стаття присвячена дослідженню ролі держави в механізмі сталого розвитку, що дозволило уявити концепцію інноваційної політики, що відповідатиме його засадам. Для обґрунтування теоретико-методологічних засад інноваційної політики держави було досліджене її місце в механізмі сталого розвитку економіки. Визначено, що до сьогодні не існує законодавчого визначення і практичного плану реалізації: було здійснено декілька спроб формулювання і затвердження на законодавчому рівні «Концепції сталого розвитку України», водночас, ці спроби залишились лише у вигляді законопроектів. Офіційного місця в механізмі сталого розвитку нашій державі не передбачено, можемо лише висувати припущення про її роль і напрямки, важелі і способи впливу. За основу прийнято людиноцентричну парадигму сталого розвитку і спроектовано державу, як економічного агента в її імплементації. Роль держави при цьому виявляється у трьох ключових напрямках забезпечення механізму сталого розвитку в межах державної інноваційної політики: нейтралізації загроз, стимулюванні людського і інноваційного розвитку та гарантуванні дотримання національних економічних інтересів. Разом з тим, вважаємо, що політика втручання матиме характеристику інноваційності лише в разі застосування ліберальних регулюючих інструментів.
A Method for Design of Modular Reconfigurable Machine Tools
Authors: Xu Zhengyi , Xi Fengfeng (Jeff) , Liu Lilan , Chen Li
Published: May 2021

Presented in this paper is a method for the design of modular reconfigurable machine tools (MRMTs). An MRMT is capable of using a minimal number of modules through reconfiguration to perform the required machining tasks for a family of parts. The proposed method consists of three steps: module identification, module determination, and layout synthesis. In the first step, the module components are collected from a family of general-purpose machines to establish a module library. In the second step, for a given family of parts to be machined, a set of needed modules are selected from the module library to construct a desired reconfigurable machine tool. In the third step, a final machine layout is decided though evaluation by considering a number of performance indices. Based on this method, a software package has been developed that can design an MRMT for a given part family.
A computational study of soot formation and flame structure of coflow laminar methane/air diffusion flames under microgravity and normal gravity
Authors: Veshkini Armin , Dworkin Seth B.
Published: May 2021

A numerical study is conducted of methane-air coflow diffusion flames at microgravity (μg) and normal gravity (lg), and comparisons are made with experimental data in the literature. The model employed uses a detailed gas phase chemical kinetic mechanism that includes PAH formation and growth, and is coupled to a sectional soot particle dynamics model. The model is able to accurately predict the trends observed experimentally with reduction of gravity without any tuning of the model for different flames. The microgravity sooting flames were found to have lower temperatures and higher volume fraction than their normal gravity counterparts. In the absence of gravity, the flame radii increase due to elimination of buoyance forces and reduction of flow velocity, which is consistent with experimental observations. Soot formation along the wings is seen to be surface growth dominated, while PAH condensation plays a more major role on centerline soot formation. Surface growth and PAH growth increase in microgravity primarily due to increases in the residence time inside the flame. The rate of increase of surface growth is more significant compared to PAH growth, which causes soot distribution to shift from the centerline of the flame to the wings in microgravity.

Keywords: laminar diffusion flame,methane-air,microgravity, soot formation, numerical modelling
Strategies to animate Toronto's transitional post-industrial waterfront
Authors: Tito Erin
Published: May 2021

Post-industrial waterfronts are spaces in transition. Waterfront land will be redeveloped eventually, and until that time, planners must tum to new approaches for these transitional spaces, with a goal to activate and animate them. Animation strategies can be used in any post-industrial or transitional space, but in waterfronts, they are essential. This paper discusses two case studies. Gas Works Park and Landscape Park Duisburg-Nord are public space projects in
which animation techniques have fostered transformation and engagement of the public. Several typologies of post-industrial space illustrate the animation techniques described within the case studies. The paper evaluates these techniques or strategies and applies them to a post-industrial area slated for redevelopment, Toronto's Port Lands.

Key Words: post-industrial space, waterfront, animation, loose space, ephemeral landscapes.
Inclusive internet participation in the network society
Authors: Sol David
Published: May 2021

Websites and Internet applications that allow user interaction and participation in online discourses have captured the attention of planners and researchers for the potential to increase engagement. However, there is concern about how inclusive these initiatives are of cultural diversity. In this paper I look beyond the binary ‘digital divide’ concept of having Internet access or not in an attempt to bridge the gap between the high level of abstraction present in discussions of the ‘network society’ or ‘global cities’ with the normative discussions of online citizen participation in planning practice. A theoretical analysis of what participation by diverse publics online entails and what the stakes are is combined with a discussion of Web 2.0 practices to provide a ‘lens’ for considering the potential of Internet tools to serve diverse communities as the technology and our use of it continues to change. This analysis informs the recommendation that principles of collaborative planning and expressions of local knowledge should guide future research and practice.
Employment lands in Toronto: a case for conversion in urban centres and in the vicinity of transit stations
Authors: Guenther Sean
Published: May 2021

Deindustrialization and rapid population growth in the City of Toronto has resulted in greater employment land conversion pressures being placed on underutilized and vacant Employment Areas (Blais, 2015; Filon 2003). In 2013, City Planning Staff made recommendations to City Council for the preservation or conversion of specific employment land application requests under the City of Toronto’s Municipal Comprehensive Review process (City of Toronto, 2013). This paper will examine five employment land conversion applications in Toronto’s inner suburbs, the Scarborough Urban Growth Centre and within 500 meters of the Mimico GO Station through a content analysis of City Planning Staff’s recommendations along with the property owner’s rationales. It was found that the five sites should be converted to better meet the Provincial and Municipal planning policy requirements that align with Smart Growth’s objectives. The five sites pose minimal land use compatibility conflicts, require increases in population and employment density, and are isolated from larger Employment Areas.
The Myth of Master Planning: More than Urban Design: a Comparative Analysis of the Master-Planned Affordable Housing Developments Stuyvesant Town and Regent Park
Authors: Pages Tneshia
Published: May 2021

This paper explores the role of urban planning policy, urban housing policy, and urban design on master planning. Though master planning as a concept has historically been tied to urban design, this paper argues that this notion is fundamentally flawed, and that urban planning policy and housing policy play an equally important role. This topic is explored through a case study analysis of Stuyvesant Town and Regent Park, master-planned affordable housing projects in New York City and Toronto, Ontario. With a focus on process, policy, and design, this paper will discuss how interpretations of master planning in New York and Toronto influenced the development of both housing projects. A comparative analysis of both projects highlights the multi-faceted nature of master planning, and demonstrate the importance of urban planning policy, housing policy, and urban design ideologies to master planning.
Barriers to meeting density targets in suburban communities - a case study look at Markham Centre
Authors: Jackson Scott
Published: May 2021

Ontario provincial policy has identified 25 Urban Growth Centres in the Greater Golden Horseshoe. Most of these centres are located in municipalities where suburban policies and practices are well entrenched in community development. Markham Centre is studied in detail, where interviews were conducted with municipal planning staff and development industry professionals, to investigate how municipalities are facilitating urban development while trying to meet provincial density targets. The study further attempts to understand the challenges which confront willing developers in building higher densities within the suburban planning context. The role of outside agencies, development charges, parkland dedication and parking requirements, were all identified as barriers to high density development, while the co-operative relationship between the municipality and the developers, the structure of the planning department, the use of an advisory committee and the use of a more prescriptive zoning bylaw were all heralded as aiding development within the city.
Lifestyle Centres: A Planner‘s Dream Or Nightmare? A Case Study Of The Shops At Don Mills
Authors: Duong Lynn
Published: May 2021

Outlined in the Central Don Mills Secondary Plan, the Don Mills Centre is intended to function as a commercial and community centre to the Don Mills neighbourhood. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the Shops at Don Mills serves the local community or does it provide other functions? If so, what are these functions? This study looks at demographics in the area, retailers, policy and legislation, and the function of lifestyle centres in general to determine if the Shops at Don Mills is well integrated into the community. Three objectives are identified in order to address the research questions presented in this study. The first objective is to determine if lifestyle centres are designed for community and commercial purposes. The second objective is to identify the social makeup of Don Mills. The final objective is to examine present retailers at the Shops at Don Mills to determine the users of the centre and whether it functions as the commercial and community centre to the Don Mills neighbourhood. 
Emerging urbanism and cycling development : a new cycling agenda for the city of Toronto
Authors: Laforest Jennifer J.
Published: May 2021

Cycling is an urban enabler. It is an innately positive contribution to the urban environment allowing recreation, transport, and travel. Today cycling pathways systems in Toronto are dispersed and fragmented. Evidence suggests that the bicycle need [sic] be provided with a network, strategized and conceptualized at a higher level so that its enabling function of integrating the urban environment can be achieved.

In Canada and Toronto, cycling development is impeded by a lack of tradition, no federal development support and ad-hoc implementation procedures, ultimately creating unfavourable urban pathways. This report asserts the critical need to move beyond the ad-hoc implementation of cycling paths towards a comprehensive apprach informed by the objective of integrating the urban environment. It begins with a review of the current municipal cycling strategy for Toronto, followed by a discussion exploring the changing mobility demands of Toronto, subsequently reviews creative implementation techniques in other jurisdictions and concludes with supplementary policies and guiding principles to inform a revitalized cycling infrastructure strategy in Toronto.
Will autonomous vehicles undermine Ontario provincial policies to concentrate jobs and housing? Evidence from the Greater Toronto-Hamilton area
Authors: Olsen Tyler
Published: May 2021

Fully autonomous vehicles (AVs) may drastically alter the way people travel and where they choose to live and work. AVs could lead to either more dispersed or concentrated land use patterns. The concentration of employment and residences—along with travel mode emphasis on transit, cycling and walking—is a central priority for Ontario’s Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe. This study explores responses to a 2016 survey of residents of the Greater Toronto and Hamilton Area, regarding the potential relocation of work or residence in response to AVs, to understand the locations and characteristics related and the potential impacts on land use that may result. There is potential for high-quality shared AV service to act as a concentrating force for residences in the City of Toronto and its western and northern suburbs. But there is also potential for AVs to disrupt travel mode-based objectives, eroding pedestrian and transit use.

Key Words: Autonomous Vehicles, Land Use, Toronto
Brownfield Redevelopment In Toronto, Ontario: An Examination Of Sustainability And The Toronto Portlands
Authors: Hayek Michael
Published: May 2021

Brownfields are "abandoned, vacant, derelict or underutilized commercial and industrial properties where past actions have resulted in actual or perceived contamination" (NRTEE, 2003, p.1). Brownfield redevelopment, because of its contributions to urban sustainability, intensification and environmental quality, has become a critical issue in urban development literature of late. Through case-study research this paper aims to evaluate the relative sustainability of four Port Lands brownfield redevelopments that involve converting brownfields into green space in the City of Toronto. This study has shown how brownfield redevelopment and more specifically, turning brownfields into green space represent an application of all three pillars of sustainability. However, the exact extent of how this type of redevelopment represents an application of sustainable development cannot be truly measured or quantified. It has also highlighted the need to develop a comprehensive set of sustainability indicators that can be specifically applied to projects that aim to convert brownfields into green space.
Cannabis in Canada: a best practice guide to planning for the legalization of recreational marijuana
Authors: Quigg Alison
Published: May 2021

When marijuana is legalized in Canada there will be land-use planning implications for municipalities. Different levels of government have different jurisdictional responsibilities regarding the legalization of recreational marijuana. One of the jurisdictional responsibilities of municipalities is land use planning and zoning. Two new land uses will be introduced to municipalities through the legalization of marijuana: recreational marijuana production facilities and recreational marijuana retail stores. For municipalities to control for the location of these uses, the land use legislation they enact must be able to co-exist with federal and provincial/territorial legislation and not result in any operational conflicts. This research paper provides a set of best practices to municipalities across Canada for how they should regulate these uses in their land use legislation.

KEY WORDS: recreational marijuana legalization; marijuana retail stores; marijuana production facilities; land use planning; Canada.
The Bus Stops Here: Rethinking Our Approach to Bus Transit
Authors: Sadoway Mark
Published: May 2021

This paper will challenge the traditional approach to providing bus transit, particularly on
busy high-frequency arterial routes. It posits that conventional bus services are unable to
meet contemporary urban sustainability and mobility challenges. Emerging approaches,
such as the various forms of bus rapid transit, hold promise as ways to improve the
perception of the bus and its usefulness to current transit riders and potential riders. This
study uses a survey of best practice in bus transit improvements, as well as key informant
interviews with professional service planners in the transit industry. Key findings are
directed at the need for new and interdisciplinary ways of working, interdepartmental
coordination, a high degree of active public engagement, and physical changes to bus
transit systems. The findings informed a series of recommendations to help address the
image and performance of bus transit in Toronto.
Students in my backyard: locating areas for purpose-built student accommodations near campus
Authors: McCrum VIctoria
Published: May 2021

The City of Toronto is home to four major universities and over 184,000 post-secondary students, most of whom will need a place to call home. It has become typical for students at urban universities to be housed on campus in student residences for first year, after which most students will seek accommodation in the neighbourhoods closest to campus. There are many factors affecting the ability for students to locate close to campus, of which affordability is at the forefront. The research of this paper is two-fold; locate areas close to each of Toronto’s four university campuses which may accommodate purpose-built student accommodations and refine these areas to identify areas where the development can be delivered as a mid-rise typology. Through intensification capacity modelling, underutilized sites within areas close to campus were identified for their suitability to respond to both city initiatives of providing student housing and finding the missing middle on housing density were identified. Identifying these sites allows for city planners and universities to anticipate the concentration of students in existing neighbourhoods and plan for the effects of ‘studentification’, both as a tension between students and neighbours and for the regenerative effects on the community.

Key Words
student housing, studentification, mid-rise housing, missing middle, intensification
Constraints on the consideration of environmental alternatives for wastewater management
Authors: Aird Bria
Published: May 2021

Major projected population increases in Ontario’s Greater Golden Horseshoe (GGH) are compelling municipalities to plan and construct wastewater infrastructure that will underlie growth for decades. This research investigated whether the municipal planning processes for these systems adequately consider long-term environmental risk, ecological context, financial sustainability and citizen participation. Emerging responses to the threat of climate change suggest that the principle of resilience should shape infrastructure, challenging the logic that has historically driven wastewater planning. Municipal councillors and local activists from three lower-tier municipalities in the outer ring of the GGH (Cavan Monaghan, Innisfil and Wellington North) were interviewed. Documents produced by the Environmental Assessment Process (EA) – the primary planning mechanism for new wastewater infrastructure – were analysed. This analysis indicated that the EAs excluded robust consideration of climate risk, broad environmental impact, and alternative systems. Based on participant interviews, this research concluded that low awareness of alternative options, the desire to encourage/accommodate population growth, and existing funding options effectively narrowed wastewater planning and outcomes.

Key words: wastewater, infrastructure planning, infrastructure resilience, Greater Golden Horseshoe
Learning to respect our elders: aging-in-place modifications in Toronto community housing
Authors: Weiss Alexandra
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the feasibility of seniors physically aging-in-place within Toronto Community Housing Corporation’s (TCHC) portfolio. Due to the demographic shift that the City of Toronto and TCHC will experience in the upcoming decades, there will be a greater need to ensure that tenants are provided with safe accommodations to foster aging-in-place. Being able to provide this to senior tenants will require that several modifications be made to units, and tenants and TCHC will share this responsibility. These modifications must comply with the policies in place, and be feasible within constrained budgets. This research outlines the key unit modifications required for aging-in-place to occur, and highlights their costs and impact on tenants and TCHC, which ultimately helps determine the feasibility of implementing aging-in-place modifications. The imperative on tenants, TCHC and higher orders of government is detailed so they can take proactive measures in accommodating for this subset of seniors.
Fiscal Tools for Planning Objectives : Development Charges and Sending the Right Price Signals to Achieve Policy Objectives
Authors: Clendening Ian Charles
Published: May 2021

The Ontario Development Charges Act provides a uniform legal framework governing how municipalities may impose on development the costs associated with such growth. This paper challenges the manner in which municipalities go 'about calculating these charges. It is argued that municipal practices through omission or commission are resulting in a defacto policy of development that runs counter to the aims of Provincial and even their own municipal policy. This defacto policy is the result of a disconnect between planning and finance officials at the municipal, while constraints of the Development Charges Act further enforce these inefficiencies. To achieve policy goals finance and planning officials must work together to create pricing signals both reflect the costs of infrastructure and ties aligns developers' interests to those of the municipality.
Defining the need for a new paradigm for the redevelopment of suburban form
Authors: Correia Christopher Roland
Published: May 2021

Planning started as a profession to maintain a better quality of life by managing the negative effects of human settlement. Anticipated improvements in health derived from the adoption of single-family dwellings have failed to materialize across North America. Attainment of this better quality of life can only come from life in urban environments. The only way to ensure society's survival is to refine our means of living, shifting away from one that consumes resources beyond the Earth's carrying capacity. Our society must begin to question the path of development selected by articulating the need for a drastically different development paradigm. Without this discussion, our society will inevitably use more resources to sustain our lifestyle than our planet can allow.
We’re on a Mission From G-d: Thornhill as a Walkable Jewish Suburb
Authors: Rende Daniel A.
Published: May 2021

Jewish Thornhill, located in Vaughan, York Region, was intentionally designed and planned as a walkable Jewish suburb. Though it is an auto-oriented suburb, Thornhill is also a walkable neighbourhood that caters to the distinct needs of its large Jewish community. Orthodox Jews require ready access to kosher food; they also require synagogues within walking distance as they do not drive cars or take transit on the Sabbath or Jewish holidays. The master planning of Thornhill was made possible by developers who recognized the Jewish community’s predictable migration pattern along Bathurst Street and purchased land in Thornhill two decades before the Jewish community had reached Thornhill. Topics that were researched for this paper included walkability, Toronto’s Jewish history, the intersection of religion and urban planning, and smart growth.
Evaluating The Conversion Of Employment Areas
Authors: Rojas Oliver
Published: May 2021

Toronto is a thriving city where growth is occurring amid challenges of affordability and lack of space. Tensions are arising as the result of competing interests and are evidenced in the struggle of competing land uses. In fact, employment areas in former industrial districts are becoming increasingly threatened by this relentless growth. Many developers find these areas attractive for mixed use developments; however, the City of Toronto is making efforts to protect them from these uses to keep them exclusively for economic and business activity. This paper proposes a guideline to evaluate conversion proposals. It draws from relevant literature and similar cases to assess through a questionnaire approach the worthiness of future proposals for conversion. The intention is that any member of a community can reach a conclusion based on his or her answers to the guideline.
Uber vs. Public Transit : friend or foe? An Empirical Study of Ridership Trends Across Uber Cities in the USA
Authors: Tremblay Dominic
Published: May 2021

Uber is a disruptive transportation network company (TNC) that is affecting the way people move in cities. While its effects on the taxi industry are increasingly clear, little research has been conducted to study its effect on public transit ridership. This study uses descriptive statistics to establish demographic and socio-economic profiles of cities that Uber has targeted, and a quasi difference-in-difference analysis to explore Uber's effect on transit ridership levels in order to determine whether the service is acting as a complement or substitute to public transit. The results from this high-level study suggest that Uber my be more of a complement to transit over time, and in large dense regions with highly-educated, affluent, productive labour markets that already have very high transit ridership. Finally, recommendations informed by these findings are offered for transit agencies, policy makers, and municipal governments as they continue to determine how to regulate Uber and similar ride sourcing services
Household Size as a Determinant of Annual Shelter and Transportation Expenditures in Canada
Authors: Rohe Craig Addison
Published: May 2021

In Canada, households spend the most significant portions of their annual income on shelter and transportation. Recent academic literature has suggested that increased investments in shelter can reduce annual transportation costs for household. The rationale behind this trade off has traditionally been density, whereas those households living in high density neighborhoods have access to additional forms of transportation which invariably lowers annual transportation expenditures. Using data from the 2008 Survey of Household Spending, respondent households within urban communities of 100,000 or more persons in Quebec, Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia were used to test the assumed trade-off curve. The analysis provided shows that increases in shelter expenditures will lead to an increase in transportation expenditures in all cases, and that households size, not density, is the determining variable. The analysis provided is intended to make academics and urban planners reconsider their presumptions about density as they plan for an increasing urban population across the nation.
Continuity after catastrophe: temporary commercial developments for post-disaster recovery
Authors: Gavel Andrew
Published: May 2021

This major research paper explores opportunities to support small businesses after natural disasters through the creation of temporary commercial developments. The Re:START Christchurch shipping container mall is selected as a case study for further examination into the built-form and urban design characteristics that best support recovery needs. The findings of this paper indicate that Re:START Christchurch not only does a good job of addressing the post-disaster needs of businesses, but also serves to strengthen the identity and community of the recovering city. Best practices and recommendations are extracted from this example to be considered for the Pacific Northwest and other cities recovering from future natural disasters.

Keywords: disaster recovery, temporary development, small businesses, urban design
Walking in the winter: a qualitative study to identify environmental barriers encountered by seniors
Authors: Siva Herthana
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research was to explore features in the built environment that are considered to be barriers by seniors when walking in the winter. Nine seniors across four neighbourhoods in the City of Mississauga participated in the study. A combination of photovoice and semi-structured interviews was used to collect data. Findings revealed safety related to fall hazards and traffic conditions as major concerns among the seniors. Participants provided suggestions for potential changes to improve walking conditions for seniors, including: judicious placement of interim crosswalks, more open public washrooms, additional benches in parks, and railings along sloping sidewalks and cameras in parks. This research contributes to the limited literature that investigates the role of the built environment on physical activity levels among seniors. Results can help inform questions for the development of a walkability audit tool, public health promotion strategies and municipal land use policies to build healthy communities.
From Preservation to Production: Better Planning and Management of Employment Lands in the City of Toronto
Authors: Ramakrishnan Jahnavi
Published: May 2021

This paper examines provincial and municipal planning policy related to the Employment Areas land-use designation found in the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe intended to protect and preserve the traditional manufacturing sector. While manufacturing jobs have declined in the City of Toronto, employment areas face pressure to preserve existing industrial uses or risk conversion to ‘higher and better uses,’ especially as the City becomes increasingly built-out. Drawing on two case studies of employment areas in the City of Toronto and local and international best practices, this paper aims to propose specific recommendations for better planning and management of these significant lands.