bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TEORI DAN KONSEP DASAR KEUANGAN ISLAM
Authors: octavianita
Published: September 2022

Keuangan syariah adalah salah satu sistem manajemen keuangan yang menggunakan prinsip dan dasar hukum Islam sebagai pedomannya. Sistem keuangan syariah merupakan salah satu sistem yang digunakan dengan menggunakan metode prinsip Islami dasar  syariah  sebagai acuannya, juga menggunakan dasar hukum Islam sebagai pedoman.Lembaga keuangan syariah mencakup semua aspek keuangan baik persoalan perbankan maupun kerjasama pembiayaan, keamanan dan asuransi perusahaan, dan lain sebagainya yang berlangsung di luar konteks perbankan.
Differential expression of KIAA0754 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of KIAA0754 in the motor neurons of patients with ALS. KIAA0754 was also differentially expressed in the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons of patients with ALS. KIAA0754 transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Differential expression of ADIRF in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines sporadic ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of ADIRF, encoding adipogenesis regulatory factor, in primary motor neurons of patients with ALS. ADIRF was also differentially expressed in fibroblasts isolated from patients with ALS. ADIRF transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS patient fibroblasts as compared to control, non-diseased fibroblasts. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
Differential expression of VWF in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: September 2022

Neurodegenerative diseases that affect the motor neurons, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), have little treatment options and are generally rapidly fatal (1, 2). We harnessed the power of unbiased, whole transcriptome differential gene expression analysis, utilizing primary patient cells and tissues to discover genes whose expression defines ALS using published data (3, 4). We found significant differential expression of VWF, encoding von Willebrand factor, in the primary motor neurons of patients with ALS. VWF was also differentially expressed in the skeletal muscle of patients with ALS. VWF transcript was present at significantly higher levels in ALS patient motor neurons as compared to control motor neurons. These analyses will begin to define the transcriptional landscape of ALS.
The effect of sample attrition in the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions on the estimates of Eurostat’s Healthy Life Years
Authors: Muszynska-Spielauer Magdalena , Spielauer Martin
Published: September 2022

Eurostat’s official Healthy Life Years (HLY) estimates are based on European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) cross-sectional data. As SILC has a rotational sample dsign, the largest part of the samples are longitudinal, health-related attrition constituting a potential source of bias of these estimates. Bland-Altman plots assessing the agreement between pairs of HLY based on total and new rotational, representative samples demonstrated no significant, systematic attrition-related bias. However, the wide limits of agreement indicate considerable uncertainty, larger than accounted for in the confidence intervals of HLY estimates.
Comparative study of alteration sequences in pegmatitic aluminium phosphates
Authors: Pirard Cassian
Published: September 2022

Aluminium phosphates are mineral phases commonly occurring in rare-element pegmatites that record initial magmatic crystallization, metasomatic and hydrothermal replacements and precipitation and low-temperature alteration. Here we perform a comparative mineralogical study between several localities to assess similarities and variations in these parageneses and establish a general alteration sequence of such mineral assemblages.
Tsunami Early Warning from Global Navigation Satellite System Data using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Rim Donsub , Baraldi Robert , Liu Christopher , LeVeque Randall , Terada Kenjiro
Published: September 2022

We investigate the potential of using Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) observations to directly forecast full tsunami waveforms in real time. We train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to use less than 9 minutes of GNSS data to forecast the full tsunami waveforms over 6 hours at select locations, and obtain accurate forecasts on a test dataset. Our training and test data consists of synthetic earthquakes and associated GNSS data generated for the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) using the MudPy software, and corresponding tsunami waveforms in Puget Sound computed using GeoClaw. We use the same suite of synthetic earthquakes and waveforms as in earlier work where tsunami waveforms were used for forecasting, and provide a comparison. We also explore varying the number of GNSS stations, their locations, and their observation durations.
PyBEAM: A Bayesian approach to parameter inference for a wide class of binary evidence accumulation models
Authors: Murrow Matthew , Holmes William
Published: September 2022

Many decision-making theories are encoded in a class of processes known as evidence accumulation models (EAM). These assume that noisy evidence stochastically accumulates until a set threshold is reached, triggering a decision. One of the most successful and widely used of this class is the drift-diffusion model (DDM). The DDM however is limited in scope and does not account for processes such as evidence leakage, changes of evidence, or time varying caution. More complex EAMs can encode a wider array of hypotheses, but are currently limited by the computational challenges. In this work, we develop the python package PyBEAM (Bayesian Evidence Accumulation Models) to fill this gap. Toward this end, we develop a general probabilistic framework for predicting the choice and response time distributions for a general class of binary decision models. In addition, we have heavily computationally optimized this modeling process and integrated it with PyMC3, a widely used python package for Bayesian parameter estimation. This 1) substantially expands the class of EAM models to which Bayesian methods can be applied, 2) reduces the computational time to do so, and 3) lowers the entry fee for working with these models. Here we demonstrate the concepts behind this methodology, its application to parameter recovery for a variety of models, and apply it to a recently published data set to demonstrate its practical use.
Heterogeneity in Parental Trauma, Parental Behaviors, and Parental Academic Involvement
Authors: Petscher Yaacov , La Tonya Noel  , Yun Hye Jung , Catts Hugh William
Published: September 2022

We explored the role of selected parental environmental factors (e.g., adverse childhood experiences) and behavioral factors (e.g., discipline and parental empathy) in perceived parenting as it pertains to parent involvement (PI) in their child’s education. Data were collected from families who resided in the southeastern and western United States (N = 201). Six parent profiles were emerged; class 1 highest ACE scores, valued child adherence to parents’ need and expectation, but had the lowest PI. Class 2 had average ACE scores showed the average levels of parent self-interest, behavioral control, obedience/will, and had average PI. Class 3 had the lowest ACE scores, were against the use of corporal punishment, strongly believed child adherence to parents’ need, expectation, children’s obedience, and had low levels of PI. Class 4 relatively high ACE scores, had stronger self-interest, believed in corporal punishment, but did not emphasize children’s obedience, and had high PI. Class 5, had low ACE scores, believed in the value of corporal punishment but did not emphasize their children’s obedience scores, and PI was low. Class 6 had the lowest ACE scores, were against the use of corporal punishment, however, demanded their children’s obedience, and demonstrated high PI. The results of these analyses reveal subgroups of parent profiles that relate to varying types of parenting behavior, parenting beliefs, and parent involvement. These distinct parenting profiles may be an additional tool to better understand PI that can ultimately be used as a mechanism to better understand child academic and functional outcomes.
Posterior delta/theta EEG activity as an early signal of Stroop conflict detection
Authors: Haciahmet Céline C. , Frings Christian , Beste Christian , Munchau Alexander , Pastötter Bernhard
Published: September 2022

The conflict monitoring theory postulates that conflict detection is initiated in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), indexed by midfrontal theta oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Recent research suggested that distractor detection (in the Eriksen flanker task) can be initiated relatively early by attentional control processes in the occipital lobe. Whether attentional control is also involved in the detection of stimulus-response overlapping conflict in the Stroop task is yet unclear. In the present study, we analysed EEG time-frequency data (N = 47) to investigate the contribution of early attentional control processes to the detection of response conflict and semantic conflict in a lateralized version of the colour-word Stroop task. The behavioural results showed significant conflict effects in response times (RT). The EEG results showed a prominent midfrontal response conflict effect in total theta power (4-8 Hz). Importantly, detection of response conflict and semantic conflict was observed in posterior delta/theta power (2-8 Hz), which was lateralized depending on the presentation side of the irrelevant Stroop words. In explorative regression analysis, both the midfrontal and the posterior response conflict effects predicted the size of response conflict errors. These results suggest that attentional control processes in posterior areas contribute to the initiation of response-conflict detection in the Stroop task. The findings are consistent with the idea of a representational link between stimulus and response features, known as the common coding principle.
Evidence for different roles of inhibitory and prospective intolerance of uncertainty during threat discrimination learning
Authors: Johnson David Charles , Ho Wingman , Uddin Begum , Tetteh-Quarshie Samuel , Morriss Jayne
Published: September 2022

Uncertainty is a core component of threat and associated learning processes. One methodological factor impacting uncertainty in threat learning paradigms is the threat reinforcement rate, which refers to the proportion of times a cue is reinforced with an aversive stimulus. This study tested the effect of partial vs continuous threat reinforcement on threat / safety discrimination learning, as indexed by skin conductance response (SCR). Using a within-participants design, fifty-nine participants completed a task in which three colored shapes were paired with electric shock at reinforcement schedules of 100%, 50% (CS+) and 0% (CS-). In addition, the study examined the relationship between the Intolerance of Uncertainty scale (IU) and two subfactors – inhibitory and prospective IU – with threat discrimination learning. The data show heightened SCR in the continuous vs partial reinforcement condition to all stimuli, but no enhanced discrimination learning. Furthermore, no association was observed between total IU score and threat-safety discrimination. However, using a two-factor model of IU, findings showed higher inhibitory IU and higher prospective IU were associated with diminished and heightened threat discrimination, respectively. These results contribute to a fast-growing literature exploring how the uncertainty inherent to predictors of threat, individual differences in sensitivity to uncertainty, and interactions between these two factors, can shape the acquisition of threat memory.
Talent Spotting in Crowd Prediction
Authors: Atanasov Pavel , Himmelstein Mark
Published: September 2022

Who is good at prediction? Addressing this question is key to recruiting and cultivating accurate crowds and effectively aggregating their judgments. Recent research on superforecasting has demonstrated the importance of individual, persistent skill in crowd prediction. This chapter takes stock of skill identification measures in probability estimation tasks, and complements the review with original analyses, comparing such measures directly within the same dataset. We classify all measures in five broad categories: 1) accuracy-related measures, such as proper scores, model-based estimates of accuracy and excess volatility scores; 2) intersubjective measures, including proxy, surrogate and similarity scores; 3) forecasting behaviors, including activity, belief updating, extremity, coherence, and linguistic properties of rationales; 4) dispositional measures of fluid intelligence, cognitive reflection, numeracy, personality and thinking styles; and 5) measures of expertise, including demonstrated knowledge, confidence calibration, biographical, and self-rated expertise. Among non-accuracy-related measures, we report a median correlation coefficient with outcomes of r = 0.20. In the absence of accuracy data, we find that intersubjective and behavioral measures are most strongly correlated with forecasting accuracy. These results hold in a LASSO machine-learning model with automated variable selection. Two focal applications provide context for these assessments: long-term prediction and corporate forecasting tournaments.
Does conscious rereading lead to targeted regressions in garden-path sentences? Data from a novel stop-and-reread paradigm
Authors: Paape Dario , Vasishth Shravan
Published: September 2022

The selective reanalysis hypothesis of Frazier and Rayner (1982) states that when readers are garden-pathed (e.g., "While the team trained the striker wondered ..."), they will move their eyes from the point of disambiguation back to the ambiguous region to carry out syntactic reanalysis. We test whether this prediction holds in a setting where rereading is deliberately triggered. In our newly-proposed stop-and-reread paradigm, sentences are presented automatically at a challenging pace. At any point in the sentence, participants can press a keyboard key to stop the auto-paced presentation and reread the sentence at their own pace while their eye movements are recorded. Our data show no indication of selective reanalysis in this setting: Participants used the stop-and-reread feature relatively rarely, and when they did, they mostly waited until the end of the sentence and preferably started rereading from the very beginning of sentence. Furthermore, reading measures and scanpaths computed for the rereading episodes did not show any indication of readers selectively focusing on the ambiguous region. The results are compatible with conscious rereading being indicative of the default selective reanalysis mechanism having failed, but also with selective reanalysis not being the parser's default mechanism for dealing with garden-pathing.
“THE REVOLT OF THE MASSES” BY J. ORTEGA-Y- GASSET AS A LINGUOCULTUROLOGICAL PHENOMENON OF MODERNITY
Authors: Garcia-Caselles Conchita
Published: September 2022

This article considers the concept “Revolt of the Masses” by J. Ortega-y-Gasset, the greatest Spanish philosopher of the 20 th century, as a linguo-culturological phenomenon of modern times. Today’s world is developing at a breakneck speed, cultural values that have existed from immemorial time are either leveled or disappear with the same pace. Such concepts as “mass consciousness”, “dehumanization of art” “mass culture” and “revolt of the masses” in the context of the increasingly accelerating process of consumption society globalization becomes an extremely important and urgent problem in finding the genuine linguistic and cultural identity, as well as cultural and historical prospects for further development of modern civilization.
POPULAR CULTURE AND QUIRKY CRITICISM
Authors: Rodkin Pavel
Published: September 2022

The article deals with quirkiness in popular culture, design and architecture, acting simultaneously as an apology and criticism (quirky-criticism) of normative cultural and communicative practices. As a theoretical approximation to the phenomenon of quirkiness and operationalization of a quirky form, its criteria are distinguished within the framework of the specific structure of a quirky message as the language of modern communication.
DIGEST AS A FORM OF REPRESENTATION OF SELF-CONSCIOUSNESS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF «THE VISITING MUSICIAN» BY BULAT OKUDZHAVA)
Authors: Edoshina Irina
Published: September 2022

The author of this article raises the question of the conceptual status of the «digest» and its artistic originality. A distinction is made between a «book» and a «digest». The historical and cultural origins of the formation of the «digest» as a form of representation of self-consciousness are revealed. For this purpose, collections by D.S. Merezhkovsky, V.V. Rozanov, the publication activity of P.P. Pertsova are used. As a digest, the «Visiting Musician» by Bulat Okudzhava is analyzed. Analytical procedures are performed on the basis of hermeneutics, involving such concepts as self-consciousness, subjectivity, time, and the author’s personality. Features of subjectivity are manifested in autobiography, assessments of historical events and private life. It is noted that the narrative identity is provided by the personality of the author. The self-consciousness functions as the identity of the author in the changing life, and also provides the narrative of the actual story.
“THERE IS NO SEX IN THE USSR”: ABOUT THE CONCEPT OF ‘SEX’ IN SOVIET CULTURE
Authors: Dushenko Konstantin
Published: September 2022

The article deals with the history of the word ‘sex’, as well as related words in the Soviet press. The term ‘sexual’ in the 1920 s was used primarily in medicine, forensic science, psychoanalytic psychology, and also in social pedagogy. The word ‘sex’ appeared in Russian no later than 1921, occasionally met in the 1930 s, and then for two decades (19371956) was practically absent in the Soviet press. The number of references to ‘sex’ has increased dramatically since the late 1950 s, and in most cases it refers to elements of eroticism in Western cinema. ‘Sex’ in the Soviet press is endowed with a number of negative characteristics: it is closely associated with crime and perversion; it is opposite to love, replacing it with physiology; it serves as a distraction from the real problems of bourgeois society; it is individualistic in nature (i.e. not subject to social control). In the latter case, there is a characteristic duality: in the West, ‘sex’ serves as a means of manipulating the consciousness and feelings of the masses; and in the USSR, on the contrary, it is dangerous as a socially uncontrolled phenomenon that opposes the social, collectivist principle.
BARD SONG IN CONTEXT HISTORICAL INTERACTION OF RUSSIAN POETRY AND MUSIC
Authors: Makarova Svetlana
Published: September 2022

In the article, in a wide historical range, the prerequisites for the emergence and existence of the bard song as a significant phenomenon in the life of Russian society in the second half of the 20 th century, based on the synthesis of poetry and music, the relationship between elite art and mass culture, are considered. For many decades, poets have striven for melodiousness of the word, and musicians for singing poetry, which was embodied in bardic creativity, reflecting the essence of the Russian national character.
MOLIERE AND MARIVAUX
Authors: Pakhsaryan Natalia
Published: September 2022

The article examines the originality of Moliere’s comedy tradition transformation in the plays of Marivaux. Being the great comedy reformer Moliere created classic examples of the genre and had a huge impact on the world theater. At the same time, this does not mean that subsequent comedians are completely dependent on Moliere’s manner. Marivaux, although he relies on Moliere’s experience, uses Moliere’s techniques of commedia dell’arte, however, is achieving a different artistic result, a different tone, and uses a different type of comic. This is especially clear when comparing two comedies belonging to the “school” genre - “School of Wives” by Moliere and “School of Mothers” by Marivaux. Moliere, incorporating elements of farce into the “high comedy”, enhances the laughter tone, in essence, the first to associate the comedy genre with laughter. The playwright of the 18th century, condensing various kinds of intrigues in the plot of a one-act comedy, driving an easily resolved ironic-playful love conflict, was finally able to create an original type of rococo love-psychological comedy.
DOSTOYEVSKY AND MOLIERE (“NOTES FROM THE UNDERGROUND” AND “DON JUAN”)
Authors: Shultz Sergei
Published: September 2022

The main leitmotif of Dostoevsky’s story “Notes from the Underground” is the denial of all available institutions. A stable, constantly recurring symbol of rationalism and necessity (which Dostoevsky’s hero opposes) in “Notes from the Underground” is the formula “twice two makes four”. For Moliere’s Don Juan, the formula “twice two makes four” becomes his credo. Thus, what is recognized by Don Juan is denied by the underground man. At the same time, the two heroes are not only opposed, but also positively compared by Dostoevsky with each other. On the one hand, the attacks of the underground man against rationalism also imply attacks against Moliere’s Don Juan, but on the other hand, the paradoxicalist turns out to be a new version and development of the libertine hero. And as is known Moliere’s Don Juan is in the context of the development of libertinism. Both the underground man and Don Juan resort to sophistry.
BAKHTIN QUESTION. THE SECOND ARTICLE: PAVEL NIKOLAEVICH MEDVEDEV
Authors: Peshkov Igor
Published: September 2022

In the article a short biography of Pavel Nikolaevich Medvedev is demonstrated from the standpoint of his participation in Bakhtin’s circle and his publications under his own name a number of Bakhtin’s works, begun by the methodological article “Scientific Salierism” (1925), continued with reviews of the books of V. Shklovsky and B. Tomashevsky, a detailed replica “Sociologism without sociology” on the occasion of P.N. Sakulin’s monograph “Sociological method in literary criticism” (1925) and brought to great methodological clarity by the book “The Formal Method in Literary Criticism. A Critical Introduction to Sociological Poetics” (1928). The Medvedev’s management has been emphasized in the publication of these works, as well as the books “Freudianism. A Critical Sketch” (1927), “Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. Fundamental Problems of the Sociological Method in the Science of Language” (1929) and the several articles and reviews published under the title authorship of Voloshinov, and the book under the clear authorship of Bakhtin “Problems of Dostoevsky’s Creation” (1929). The mediating role of Medvedev between the authorities and the intelligentsia in Vitebsk and Leningrad in the 1920 s - 1930 s is presented.
Experimental Reproduction of Wettability for Core Analysis
Authors:   , Aslanidis Panagiotis
Published: September 2022

The ideal scenario when core samples are retrieved from the field to the lab is to start the experiment immediately without any treatment. Due to a decrease in pressure and temperature from reservoir to standard conditions, fluid expansion occurs. The depressurized cores will not have a correct fluid saturation and need to be restored prior to laboratory core experiments. To achieve representative reservoir data from these tests, the restored core wettability needs to be close to reservoir conditions. Wettability dictates the fluid flow in porous media, and the restored wettability will dramatically influence the results on capillary pressure, relative permeability, and oil recovery tests in laboratory experiments. Therefore, wettability should be preserved in-between restoration processes. The wettability of a core retrieved in the lab can be affected during cleaning and restoration procedures. A wide range of cleaning techniques are followed in laboratories including different solvents, experimental set-ups, methods, etc. The same applies in core restoration, where the restoring protocol differs from one lab to another including establishing initial water saturation, crude oil exposure, the aging process, etc. In this project, several reservoir sandstone and outcrop carbonate cores, underwent a series of experiments in regard to wettability. The solvents utilized during core cleaning and the amount of crude oil exposed to the core during core restoration were the study's major emphasis. In this work, two cleaning procedures were compared: a mild approach (kerosene and heptane) and a more rigorous industrial standard used (toluene/methanol). Amount of, 1, 5, and 11 pore volumes (PV) of crude oil was utilized to evaluate the effect of crude oil exposure in the wettability of a system. Finally, an adsorption test on a sandstone reservoir core was performed to provide more thorough monitoring of the influence of crude oil in the sandstone rock surface. The findings indicated that mild cleaning followed by an uncontrolled quantity of crude oil exposure might have a substantial influence on the wettability of the system, causing it to become less water-wet. A more comprehensive adsorption test on the reservoir sandstone core demonstrated that polar organic components (POC) continue to adsorb on the mineral surface even after many PV injections. However, the use of more rigorous solvents resulted in the reverse situation, resulting in more water-wet conditions. Finally, the use of mild solvents with just 1 PV of crude had no effect on the wettability of the systems between restorations. In conclusion, this doctoral thesis proposes an efficient core cleaning and restoration process in which the wettability of the cores is replicated from one restoration to the next.
Introduction
Authors:   Department of Economics Marco Biagi, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Balboni Bernardo , Cardoso Luis ,   Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Dosi Clio ,   Department of Management, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Guerci Eric ,   University of the Côte d'Azur, Guerra Cristina ,   Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Jakieła Jacek ,   Rzeszów University of Technology, José Ana ,   Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Lozzi Roberta ,   Department of Management, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Marques Gastão ,   Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Świętoniowska Joanna ,   University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów, Varadinov Maria José ,   Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Vignoli Matteo ,   Department of Management, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, Vordou Eleni ,   University of the Côte d'Azur, Wójcik Joanna ,   University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów
Published: September 2022

This book provides university administrators, professors, and career specialists with a comprehensive introduction to the BE(A)ST (BE Aware Student) approach. The BE(A)ST approach aims at enhancing students’ awareness of personalized career development, fostering a connection between their professional identity, beliefs, and actions to support career awareness. With the BE(A)ST approach, we provide a solution to improve the alignment between the career and the life of our students. The Personalized Career Development (PCD) course based on the BE(A)ST approach and described in this book is the result of three research programs focused on the development of the method and on its adaptation, scientific validation, and dissemination.
Konsumpcja piwa w Egipcie i Sudanie. Szkic historyczny
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Ząbek Maciej
Published: September 2022

This article is a synthetic history of the production and consumption of beer from the earliest times to the present day, using the examples of Egypt and Sudan, two countries in which it probably began and where beers based on traditional, ancient recipes are brewed to this day. It also explains why the tradition of beer drinking did not cease there, despite the adoption by the people of these countries of Islam and the Arab identity or the onset of modern governments of the so-called Islamic modernists. In conclusion, a postulate is made to return to the, nowadays problematic, concept of “human nature”.
Historia stosunków amerykańsko-etiopskich do 1977 r., ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem znaczenia wojskowej bazy komunikacyjnej Kagnew Station
Authors: Hryćko-Górnicka Katarzyna
Published: September 2022

This article is an abstract of the author’s PhD dissertation on the specificity of the United States-Ethiopian relations during the reign of Emperor Haile Selassie, where a key role was played by an ex-Italian transceiving radio station located in Eritrea – which became the American communications base named Kagnew Station. The base, due to its excellent geographical location, became the central element of U.S. interests in Ethiopia, and one of the most important links in the U.S. global communications network. As a quid pro quo for leasing Kagnew Station, the United States undertook to train and arm the Ethiopian armed forces, which resulted in making Ethiopia the biggest beneficiary of American technical and military assistance in the 1960s and creating the largest and best equipped army on the African continent.
Wstęp
Authors:   University of Warsaw, Leśniewski Michał
Published: September 2022

The volume is a collection of interdisciplinary studies on African history. The texts discuss, among others, the history of beer production in the Nile Valley, the significance of diseases for the exploration of Africa, personal stories and experiences of travellers, local history and geopolitics after the Second World War.
Implementasi Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) Menggunakan Suricata Untuk Serangan SQL Injection
Authors: Tanang Anugrah Faula , Ikhwan Syariful , Gusti A.G Jafaruddin
Published: September 2022

Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) merupakan salah satu tool pengamanan pada jaringan. Pada penelitian ini Suricata sebagai IPS untuk melindungi webserver dari serangan SQL Injection menggunakan SQLMap dengan melihat efektifitas rules dan parameter response time. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dalam sebuah Laboratorium fakultas dengan menggunakan topologi jaringan LAN yang di setting static. Suricata sebagai tool IPS terinstal pada PC yang berfungsi sebagai router sekaligus server IPS. Normal user dan attacker menggunakan sistem operasi Windows 10 sedangkan webserver dan server IPS menggunakan sistem operasi Ubuntu 20.04. Pengujian sistem keamanan dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua skenario yaitu skenario pertama ketika suricata non aktif dan skenario kedua ketika suricata aktif. Pengujian response time untuk semua skenario dilakukan sebanyak 30 kali selama serangan SQL Injection berlangsung. Hasil dari pengujian tersebut menunjukkan nilai rata-rata saat Suricata aktif 4,260633 milliseconds sedangkan ketika Suricata non-aktif 3,100033 milliseconds. Suricata pada penelitian ini berhasil berperan sebagai IPS yang bekerja setiap terjadinya serangan SQL Injection akan dideteksi oleh Suricata dengan melakukan pengecekan kecocokan paket terhadap signature rules. Rules yang dinilai efektif untuk menghadapi serangan sql Injection adalah rules yang menggunakan beberapa kode ASCII sebagai kata kuncinya. Server IPS ketika suricata aktif membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama untuk menanggapi suatu paket.
Metode Maximum Power Point Tracking pada Panel Surya : Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur
Authors: Gede Patrianaya Margayasa Wirsuyana  , Rukmi Sari Hartati  , Ida Bagus Gede Manuaba
Published: September 2022

Metode pelacakan titik daya maksimum (MPPT) yang efisien memainkan peran penting untuk meningkatkan efisiensi sistem pembangkit fotovoltaik (PV). Studi ini memberikan tinjauan tentang status metode MPPT saat ini untuk sistem PV yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam tiga kategori. Kategorisasi didasarkan pada karakteristik pelacakan dari metode yang dibahas. Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan perbandingan antar metode MPPT berdasarkan tiga parameter yaitu waktu konvergensi, tingkat osilasi, dan efisiensi sebagai acuan pemilihan metode untuk membuat analisis yang komprehensif. Tinjauan literatur yang dijelaskan dalam penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai referensi untuk mengatasi kesenjangan untuk penelitian lebih lanjut di bidang ini. Tinjauan komparatif dalam bentuk tabel juga disajikan di akhir pembahasan setiap kategori untuk mengevaluasi kinerja metode ini, yang akan membantu dalam memilih teknik yang sesuai untuk aplikasi tertentu. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah metode konvensional unggul pada waktu tracking yang cepat sedangkan metode metaheuristic unggul pada efisiensi dan osilasi yang rendah.
Rancang Bangun Alat Pendeteksi Kebocoran Gas LPG Berbasis Internet of Things Dengan Katup Regulator Otomatis
Authors: Valencia Venna , Putra Purnama Louis , Tjong Chandra , Liman Johansah
Published: September 2022

Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a flammable gas. Leaks in LPG gas cylinders that are not known to the user can have a fatal impact if there is no system that detects and stop the leak. Therefore, this study designed a system to detect and solve LPG gas leaks based on the Internet of Things automatically. The way this system works is that the MQ-6 sensor detects the concentration of LPG gas around the cylinder with an analog value limit when the safe condition is <400 and the danger condition is 400. The sensor will continue to detect as long as the tool is on and send data to the microcontroller in the form of NodeMCU ESP8266 which then transmits the data to Firebase. From Firebase, users will get information about LPG gas levels in safe/dangerous conditions, gas position control, as well as fan and buzzer conditions through a smartphone application in real time. If the conditions are safe, the green LED will light up and the condition is dangerous, the microcontroller will physically respond to the servo motor to turn the regulator valve open, the fan, the red LED and the buzzer while virtually the user will get information through the application and notifications via the WhatsApp application in the form of a short message as a warning that gas was detected. The test results show that the LPG gas detection system can work well.
Design of Crop Leaf Area Measurement using Webcam and Raspberry Pi
Authors: Hidayat  , Mahardiansyah Muhammad
Published: September 2022

This paper describes an electronic system for measuring the number of leaves and the total leaf area. This system is built to make it easier for users to compute several leaves and measure leaf area electronically. The number of leaves and leaf area are used to determine the level of fertility of a plant. Several important factors in measuring leaf area are the accuracy and the speed of measurement. The stages conducted in this research consist of needs analysis, design, implementation and testing. The system built uses a mini PC Raspberry Pi as the data processor and a webcam to capture images. Moreover, the image is processed using Binary threshold and Otsu threshold methods. The results showed that the designed system was functioning properly with an error rate of 0% for the number of leaves calculation and a 0.39% error rate in the of leaf area measurement.
Tendre le bras à la nation
Authors: Vanderpelen-Diagre Cécile , Leclercq Valérie
Published: September 2022

Tout au long du XIXe siècle, et en l’absence d’une obligation vaccinale antivariolique généralisée, l’État belge met en place un large éventail de stratégies destinées à étendre la couverture vaccinale du pays. Qu’est-ce que ces efforts impliquent concrètement ? Quels enjeux médicaux, politiques, sociaux présentent les procédés vaccinaux de l’époque ? Et comment les Belges accueillent-ils ces derniers ? Cet article cherchera à répondre à ces interrogations en explorant les pratiques de – et autour de – la vaccination dans la Belgique du XIXe siècle. Nous verrons qu’en soumettant les populations à leurs discours de propagande, à certaines formes d’obligations indirectes ou à la contrainte pure et dure, les autorités du pays rencontreront l’adhésion « molle » des populations, mais aussi une série d’obstacles très concrets. Et malgré les discours égalitaristes accompagnant alors la grande entreprise vaccinale de l’État, l’expérience de la vaccination apparaîtra encore fortement marquée par l’appartenance sociale des vaccinés.
“Not by Whom but How”: Helen MacMurchy, MD (1862–1953), and Her Medical Education at the Ontario Medical College for Women from 1895 to 1900
Authors: Koester C. Elizabeth
Published: September 2022

Helen MacMurchy, MD (1862–1953), was a well-known public figure in Canada who played a prominent role in the histories of eugenics and public health in the first half of the twentieth century. While details of her work in these fields is beginning to be better known, the door that opened it for her was her qualification as a physician in 1900 at the age of 39. Since she left no papers, little of a personal nature is known about her preparation to become a doctor. However, by considering medical education for women generally and examining archival records of the program offered by the Ontario Medical College for Women, which MacMurchy attended, as well as by piecing together the steps required for her to become a practising physician, we gain some understanding of the specifics of her training and her colleagues and of this significant period in her life.
Діелектрометрія мастильних олив у змінному електричному полі
Authors: Шостаківський І. І. , Шостаківський І. І.
Published: September 2022

Обґрунтовано необхідність розроблення методики оцінки стану мастильних олив з акцентом на можливості використання у певних видах обладнання з врахуванням конкретних експлуатаційних та технологічних вимог. Для вирішення поставленої задачі проаналізовано процеси старіння олив загалом, та окрему увагу приділено механізмам утворення розчинних та нерозчинних сполук в початково діелектричному середовищі. На думку авторів, інтенсивність утворення таких речовин та ступінь їх накопичення можуть слугувати одним із критеріїв оцінки стану придатності оливи як невід’ємної частини механічної системи загалом, так і в якості мастильного матеріалу зокрема. З метою експрес-діагностики олив та для розширення можливостей вивчення процесів зміни стану складних багатокомпонентних сумішей було запропоновано використання діелектрометрії у змінному електричному полі, оскільки відомі та описані досі методики вивчення зміни провідності діелектричних рідин в умовах постійного електричного поля, на думку авторів, накладають певні обмеження. Для підтвердження запропонованої теорії авторами запропоновано лабораторну установку, яка би дала змогу дати відповідь на запитання щодо якісної можливості подальшого використання оливи та певною мірою прогнозувати зміни її стану на тих чи інших видах обладнання. Отримані експериментальні результати демонструють зміни падіння потенціалу у відібраних пробах з різним ступенем забрудненості, що відображає накопичення та певну орієнтацію полярних частинок у змінному електричному полі. В результаті серії експериментів були визначені оптимальні геометричні розміри вимірювального пристрою та умови вимірювання відповідно. Додатково було проведено експериментальні дослідження оливи з попередньо заданим вмістом шламів та механічних забруднень. Експериментальні залежності загалом підтверджують гіпотези авторів та запропонований підхід щодо оцінки якості олив.
Модернізація привода насосних станцій трубопороводів
Authors: Пирогов В. О.
Published: September 2022

Розглянуто проблему модернізації трубопровідних транспортних систем: працюючих, пошкоджених і тих що будуються. При цьому доведена необхідність заміни обладнання та придбання сучасного нового. Модернізація передбачає заміну насосно-силового обладнання на насосних станціях (НС). Показано, що практично в усіх трубопроводах задіяні НС, що складаються переважно з відцентрових насосів, муфт і електродвигунів, підвищення надійності і довговічності яких є актуальним завданням. Розглянуто конструкцію та умови експлуатації насосного обладнання вітчизняних виробників. Проведено аналіз надійності та довговічності насосних агрегатів. Встановлено вплив на надійність насосних агрегатів різних факторів: сезонності, вологості, забрудненості абразивними частинками та корозійного впливу робочого і оточуючого середовища. На підставі проведених математичних статистичних досліджень обґрунтовано, що надійність технологічного обладнання трубопровідних систем залежить від електрообладнання, що застосовується в них. Аналіз відмов електрообладнання показав, що основна причина виходу з ладу електродвигунів обумовлена ушкодженнями підшипникових вузлів (ПВ). Основною причиною ушкоджень ПВ є відмова підшипників, що, в свою чергу, пов’язано з незадовільною роботою штатних ущільнень, що неспроможні забезпечити повної, майже 100% герметичності. Запропоновано вирішення проблеми підвищення герметичності ПВ приводів НС за рахунок їх модернізації, шляхом впровадження магніторідинних герметизаторів. Показано особливості конструкції та переваги запропонованого ущільнення. Основною перевагою магніторідинних герметизаторів є можливість забезпечення практично повної 100% герметизації. При цьому, запропонована конструкція магніторідинних герметизаторів не потребує значних капіталовкладень у модернізацію насосного обладнання та забезпечує суттєве підвищення його надійності та довговічності. Запропоноване технічне рішення може бути застосовано не лише для модернізації існуючих трубопроводів, а, також, при проєктуванні та будівництві нових.
Розроблення програмного рішення для вибору параметрів фрезерування тонкостінних елементів турбомашин
Authors: Кононенко С. М. , Добротворський С. С. , Басова Є. В. , Добровольська Л. Г.
Published: September 2022

Наведено реалізацію розроблення програмного рішення для обчислення параметрів фрезерування тонкостінних елементів турбомашин. Виготовлення тонкостінних елементів вимагає високої уваги до вибору оптимальних параметрів обробки. Складна геометрія тонкостінних елементів, низька здатність чинити опір деформації з перепоною в процесі формоутворення поверхонь високої точності. Наявні рішення зде-більшого передбачають отримання параметрів обробки поверхонь деталей з абсолютною жорсткістю, тому мета наведеної реалізації – це врахування особливостей тонкостінних елементів та реалізація взаємо-дії з цифровим представленням фізичного процесу в комплексному вигляді. Інтелектуальна система передбачає як аналітичні мікросервіси обчислення та оптимізації параметрів, так і залучення CAE середовища сторонніх розробників із можливістю виконання скриптів. Джерелом теоретичної бази даних табличних значень є публікації, дослідження, інженерні машинобудівні довідники. Інформація про вхідні параметри структурована в блоки, що відповідають геометрії елементу, властивостям матеріалу, різновиду й потужності верстата, особливості геометрії, та матеріалу інструменту, процесу зняття припуску з включенням режиму високошвидкісної обробки. Реалізація дає змогу здійснювати розрахунок сил різання, що виникають у процесі зняття припуску, у напрямку мінімальної жорсткості тонкостінного елемента. Моделюються власні частоти завантаженої геометрії та будується відповідний амплітудний відгук, який включається до аналізу та формується рекомендаційний висновок щодо відповідності вхідним технічним умовам. Передбачається можливість використання та накопичення дослідних результатів. Завданням дослідження є розроблення системи, яка може бути інтегрована в сучасне виробництво, що відповідає баченню прогресивної концепції Індустрії 4.0.
Дослідження експлуатаційних характеристик високонапірного струминного насоса при його обертанні в свердловині
Authors: Паневник Д. О.
Published: September 2022

Сучасні методи розрахунку високонапірних струминних насосів не враховують наявності відцентрових сил при обертанні наддолотної ежекційної системи в свердловині, що суттєво впливає на точність визначення її напірно-витратної та енергетичної характеристик при прогнозуванні режимів експлуатації. Структура рівнянь напірно-витратної характеристики високонапірного струминного насоса доповнена складовою, що визначає додатковий напір, викликаний впливом вихрових потоків при асиметричному обертанні ежекційної системи навколо осі свердловини. Під час моделювання робочого процесу струминного насоса співвідношення гідродинаміки, які традиційно застосовують для дослідження особливостей взаємодії змішуваних потоків, доповнені рівнянням збереження моменту кількості руху рідини. На основі спільного розв’язку рівнянь Бернуллі, збереження суцільності рухомого середовища, імпульсу та моменту кількості руху змішуваних потоків отримано співвідношення для аналітичного визначення додаткового динамічного напору, створюваного обертанням ексцентрично розміщеного струминного насоса в свердловині. Аналіз отриманого рівняння із врахуванням прийнятих при моделюванні припущень дозволив окреслити допустимі границі зміни коефіцієнта інжекції при використанні запропонованої методики розрахунку,  величина якого не повинна перевищувати 0,85…0,94 від максимального значення. В процесі дослідження отриманого рівняння встановлено екстремальний характер напірно-витратної та енергетичної характеристик наддолотної ежекційної системи. Величина оптимального напору та максимального ККД високонапірного струминного насоса та значення його основного геометричного параметра зв’язані обернено пропорційною залежністю. Обертання високонапірного струминного насоса в свердловині забезпечує зростання напору та ККД відповідно на 36,6 % та 62,09 %.
On the growth of young neurologists—an interview with Prof. Louis R. Caplan
Authors:   Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Neurological Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China, Qin Qi
Published: September 2022

The article is an interview with Prof. Louis R. Caplan of the Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center at the Harvard Medical School, conducted by Qi Qin from the National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases at the Capital Medical University, on behalf of Aging Pathobiology and Therapeutics.
Book Reviews
Authors: Daxini Shivani , Diz Agustin , Delaine Ella , Orr David
Published: September 2022

Straight A’s: Asian American College Students in Their Own Words. Christine R. Yano and Neal K. Adolph Akatsuka (eds.), Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018, ISBN: 978-1-4780-0024-2, xiv + 231 pp., Pb. US$25.95

Hydropolitics: The Itaipu Dam, Sovereignty, and the Engineering of Modern South America. Christine Folch, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019, ISBN: 9780691186603, 250 pp., Pb. US$27.95

Spacious Minds: Trauma and Resilience in Tibetan Buddhism. Sara E. Lewis, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2019, ISBN: 9781501715358, 252 pp., Pb. £21.99

Rapid Ethnographic Assessments: A Practical Approach and Toolkit for Collaborative Community Research. Thurka Sangaramoorthy and Karen A. Kroeger, New York: Routledge, 2020, ISBN: 978-0-3672-5229-8, 198 pp., Pb. £29.59