bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delay, Memory, and Messaging Tradeoffs in Distributed Service Systems
Authors: Gamarnik David , Tsitsiklis John N. , Zubeldia Martin
Published: February 2018

We consider the following distributed service model: jobs with unit mean, exponentially distributed, and independent processing times arrive as a Poisson process of rate λn, with 0 < λ < 1, and are immediately dispatched by a centralized dispatcher to one of n First-In-First-Out queues associated with n identical servers. The dispatcher is endowed with a finite memory, and with the ability to exchange messages with the servers.

We propose and study a resource-constrained “pull-based” dispatching policy that involves two parameters: (i) the number of memory bits available at the dispatcher, and (ii) the average rate at which servers communicate with the dispatcher. We establish (using a fluid limit approach) that the asymptotic, as n → ∞, expected queueing delay is zero when either (i) the number of memory bits grows logarithmically with n and the message rate grows superlinearly with n, or (ii) the number of memory bits grows superlogarithmically with n and the message rate is at least λn. Furthermore, when the number of memory bits grows only logarithmically with n and the message rate is proportional to n, we obtain a closed-form expression for the (now positive) asymptotic delay.

Finally, we demonstrate an interesting phase transition in the resource-constrained regime where the asymptotic delay is non-zero. In particular, we show that for any given α > 0 (no matter how small), if our policy only uses a linear message rate αn, the resulting asymptotic delay is upper bounded, uniformly over all λ < 1; this is in sharp contrast to the delay obtained when no messages are used (α = 0), which grows as 1/(1 − λ) when λ ↑ 1, or when the popular power-of-d-choices is used, in which the delay grows as log(1/(1 − λ)).
Why is the sky so blue?
Authors: Brown Paula
Published: February 2018

Children of pre-school age are thought to ask around 150,000 a year, but which questions do they ask and what are they for? This is the fourth article in our current series; this month we focus on ‘why’.
Adaptability of Chopper Harvester in Harvesting Sugarcane, Energy Cane, and Banagrass
Authors: Ma Shaochun , Karkee Manoj , Scharf Patrick A. , Zhang Qin
Published: February 2018

Abstract.

Energy crops are important sources of feedstock for biofuel production. Feedstock cost, which accounts for more than 50% of biofuel operating cost, plays a significant role in the commercialization of biofuels. Energy crop harvesting cost is the biggest single contributor of the total feedstock production cost. Thus, investigation of harvesters to improve productivity and efficiency, and hence reduce costs, is important for biofuel production. The performance of an existing sugarcane harvester was evaluated in terms of biomass recovery rate and field efficiency to assess its adaptability for energy crop harvesting. The harvester performance was evaluated in Hawaii fields with three different energy crops: energy cane, banagrass, and sugarcane. The biomass recovery rates achieved by the harvester were 83.0%, 86.6%, and 52.3%, respectively, for energy cane, banagrass, and sugarcane, whereas the field efficiencies were 86.2%, 80.6%, and 59.6%, respectively. In another similar experiment with banagrass, the harvesting rate and field efficiency were 89.8% and 88.7%, respectively. The recovery rates in harvesting energy cane and banagrass achieved in this work were higher than the recovery rate of ~73% found in the literature. Similarly, the nominal field efficiency found in the literature for a harvester is ~70%. The sugarcane harvester used in this work achieved higher field efficiency with energy cane and banagrass harvesting compared to the nominal field efficiency (70%). Additionally, the limitations of existing machines in harvesting energy crops were analyzed to identify the main factors limiting biomass recovery rate and field efficiency. It was found that stubble leaning angle and machine off-track errors have the greatest effect on the harvester’s ability to recover biomass, whereas plugging issues may have a substantial effect on the field efficiency. Keywords: Adaptability, Biomass recovery rate, Chopper harvester, Energy crop, Off-track error, Stubble leaning angle.
Finite Element Modeling and Simulations to Investigate the Relationship between the Cone Index Profile and Draft Requirements of a Compaction Profile Sensor with Depth
Authors: Zhang Qingsong , Upadhyaya Shrini K. , Liao Qingxi , Andrade-Sanchez Pedro
Published: February 2018

Abstract.

Previous research conducted using a compaction profile sensor and a standard cone penetrometer over a wide range of soil types and conditions found that the unit pressure acting on the cutting edge, defined as the cone index equivalent (CIE), at a specific depth (d) was related to the cone index (CI) value at that depth, the depth of the cutting edge (d), and the interaction between CI and the depth of the cutting edge (i.e., CI × d) with a very high coefficient of multiple determination irrespective of the soil type and conditions. The objective of this study was to provide an analytical basis for the relationship between CIE and CI. A two-dimensional axisymmetric model for soil-cone interaction and a three-dimensional model for soil-tine interaction were developed using a finite element method (FEM). A non-linear elasto-plastic constitutive behavior along with the Drucker-Prager yield criterion were used to represent the soil cutting process. Simulations studies were conducted in 25 distinct soil types and conditions, and the results indicated a similar relationship between CIE and CI, as observed in the previous research. These results support the existence of a strong theoretical basis for the empirical relationship observed in the previous research. Keywords: Cone index, Compaction profile sensor, Finite element modeling, Soil penetration resistance.
Assessing Surface Flowpath Interception by Vegetative Buffers Using ArcGIS Hydrologic Modeling and Geospatial Analysis for Rock Creek Watershed in Central Iowa
Authors: Webber David F. , Bansal Manveen , Mickelson Steven K. , Helmers Matthew J. , Arora Kapil , Gelder Brian K. , Shrivastav Manish , Judge Casey J.
Published: February 2018

Abstract.

Nonpoint-source (NPS) pollution is a major cause of surface water quality degradation due to the transport of chemicals, nutrients, and sediments into lakes and streams. Vegetative buffers comprise several effective landscape best management practices (BMPs) that include vegetative filter strips (VFS) and grassed waterways. However, some BMPs are less effective due to concentrated surface flow, improper cropland-to-VFS area ratios, and surface flowpaths that partially or completely bypass vegetative buffers. The overall objective of this study was to quantify the accuracy of simulated flowpaths relative to observed and global positioning system (GPS)-assisted ground-truthed surface flowpaths for improved placement of VFS and other vegetative buffers to effectively intercept surface runoff. This study was conducted on three research sites in Rock Creek watershed in central Iowa. Geographic information system (GIS) software was used for flowpath hydrologic modeling and geospatial map comparison analysis. Digital elevation model (DEM) datasets were used for flowpath simulation and included internet-available USGS 30 m × 30 m grid (typically used to design and site VFS buffers) and light detection and ranging (LiDAR) 5 m × 5 m grid DEMs. Results from this study indicate that the LiDAR 5 m × 5 m DEM generated significantly more accurate simulated flowpaths than the USGS 30 m × 30 m DEM. These results quantitatively underscore the efficacy of using high-resolution LiDAR DEM data to more accurately determine how well surface flowpaths are intercepted by VFS and other vegetative buffers. These results also demonstrate the benefits of coupling high-resolution aerial imagery with quantitative geospatial map comparison data to improve visualization and comparison of field-scale and watershed-scale hydrologic and terrestrial attributes. Ultimately, the results and procedures from this study will be applied to the development of a novel cloud-based, user-interactive, virtual-reality decision support (DS) tool that can be used to remotely assess hydrologic landscape conditions, prescribe improvements to existing BMPs, and determine new sites for enhanced BMP placement and functionality within a high-resolution 3-D imagery environment. Keywords: ArcGIS, Best management practices (BMPs), Decision support (DS) tool, Digital elevation model (DEM), Geospatial analysis, Light detection and ranging (LiDAR), Nonpoint-source (NPS) pollution, Surface runoff, Vegetative filter strip (VFS), Watershed hydrol
Blueprinting a poetics of materiality
Authors: Hofsess Brooke A.
Published: February 2018

How might positioning artistic practice as reflective limit the production of knowledge in art education by positioning theory ahead of practice, language over material, who above what? And, what might be done instead? Blueprinting theories with preservice art teachers illuminates such questions and explores ‘what is possible to see and say’ differently in art teacher preparation. Emboldened by contemporary materialisms, this visual essay exposes the poetic tangle where preservice teachers may have already pencilled in and sketched out some tentative ways of knowing/being/doing art education. The vibrant intra-activity of cyanotype photography attempts to eclipse this insistent hold on artmaking as reflective practice – just long enough that something different might be seen, said, felt, imagined in art teacher preparation.
Becoming a work of art: Collaboration, materiality and posthumanism in visual arts education
Authors: Rousell David , Fell Fiona
Published: February 2018

Collaboration has become a core aspect of teaching, learning and research in university art departments, especially as contemporary artists have increasingly turned to collective and socially engaged studio practices. Despite this, hylomorphic approaches to arts education continue to position matter as a passive substance to be shaped by the artist(s) in service of linguistic discourse. In this article, we ask how a new materialist approach to collaboration might disrupt humanist ontologies of visual arts education in the university. We first draw on posthumanist writings to re-compose collaboration in ways that are responsive to the specificity of material entanglements as they are enacted within an ecology of studio practices. From there we work diagrammatically across a collaborative ‘data event’ of art in the making, drawing on a year-long participatory study with a cohort of third-year art students. In the final section, we develop propositions for collaboration as a transversal practice of ‘becoming a work of art’.
Kerukunan Umat Beragama sebagai Cita-cita Etis (Tinjauan Perspektif Etika Filosofis-Religius)
Authors: Prabowo S M Nur
Published: February 2018

This paper is a philosophical reflection and analysis by the writer, who is doing research on religious radicalism in Indonesia. The main idea is the principle of religious harmony as a social norm and ethical idealism. From the perspective of philosophical and religious ethics, the condition of harmonious diversity represents the social-good that should be manifested in ways that justified ethically as well. Theoritically, the norm of harmony contains etiquettes, rational consideration, and can be justified in terms of obligations and responsibilities, and in line with the principles of moderation.Keywords: Religious harmony, Ethics, Religion.
KEGIATAN DISKUSI “JUMAT MALAM” DI UIN SUNAN KALIJAGA: PERSPEKTIF MUTU PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Damami Mohammad
Published: February 2018

Artikel ini membahas tentang pelaksanaan diskusi ‘jum’at malam’di UIN Sunan Kalijaga. Berangkat dari keprihatinan atas potensi akademik dosen IAIN Sunan Kalijaga penyelenggaraan diskusi diharapkan memberikan kebiasaan tulis-menulis makalah multidisiplin, multijurusan dan multifakultas. keprihatinan tersebut dipecahkan melalui diskusi ‘jum’at malam’. Artikel ini berusaha menjawab apa yang menjadi pendorong tetap diselenggarakannya diskusi ‘jum’at  malam’dalam konteks kemanfaatannya, serta masalah apa yang seharusnya dilakukan dalam penyelenggaraannya dalam membantu memecahan problem-problem bangsa.Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian lapangan yang didukung dengan data kepustakaan. penelitian lapangan dilakukan di tengah para peserta diskusi yang aktif. Dengan asumsi bahwa para peserta diskusi lah yang mendapatkan kemanfaatan akan jalannya diskusi. Hal-hal yang mendorong diselenggarakannya diskusi jum’at malam terkait dengan adanya kemanfaatanakademis. dalam rangka mendukung ‘integrasi-interoneksi’keilmuan di UIN Sunan Kalijaga.Key words: Diskusi jumat malam, intedisiplin
KERENGGANGAN SOSIAL JAMAAH MAJELIS TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN (MTA) DENGAN WARGA DUSUN KUNANG, BAYAT, KLATEN
Authors: Iffah Izzatun
Published: February 2018

This paper would like to lift the social phenomenon in a society that has a different understanding of related social movements that based on the teachings of the Islamic religion. The rise of the Islamic movement-gerkan certainly has the characteristic of each though their main goal is the same to improve the situation of the Muslims, this difference can undoubtedly gave rise to conflict between groups. Assembly Tafir Qur'an (MTA) is one of the Islamic movement that aims to restore the Muslims in accordance with the Qur'an and Hadith. The birth of the MTA with all his teachings amongst the people had given the huge impact, the religious doctrine that does not comply with the Community poses a variety of problems. The social tension among worshipers MTA hamlet with Village communities in addition to the Glow caused by different religious doctrine there is also social jealousy because of the proximity of the Government apparatus with MTA Worshipers Village which is considered more powerful than the village officials so that more free in the conduct. However there are positive influences arising out of such kerenggangan good for the MTA nor the people themselves and present the relationships established between the MTA and the general nature of the symbiosis komensalisme.Keywords: Social Tensions, The Tafsir Al-Qur'an, Social Movements
DISKRIMINASI INTERNAL PADAKOMUNITAS WARIA PEKERJA SALON DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Maulida Afaf
Published: February 2018

Selain menjadi bagian dari wacana gender, LGBT juga tidak dapat dipisahkan dari permasalahan sosial, budaya, dan agama karenasemua itu memiliki hubungan yang saling berkaitan. Salah satu dari wacana LGBT yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian adalah soal transgender atau waria.Apabila ditinjau lebih jauh,terdapat diskriminasi internal pada komunitas waria pekerja salon di Yogyakarta. Dalam tulisan ini menyatakan bahwa di dalam komunitas waria-waria pekerja salon terdapat dua klasifikasi waria, yaitu kelompok waria kelas atas dan kelompok waria kelas bawah. Adanya klasifikasi inilah yang menjadi titik tolak adanya diskriminasi internal di kalangan waria pekerja salon di Yogyakarta. Kelompok waria kelas atas ini yang menjadi pelaku diskriminasi terhadap kelompok waria kelas bawah. Adapun bentuk-bentuk diskriminasi yang dialami mereka adalah marginalisasi, stereotip, subordinasi, dan kekerasan. Ada beberapa faktor yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya diskriminasi internal seperti faktor ekonomi, faktor gender, faktor agama, dan faktor sosial budaya. Dampak yang dirasakan oleh kelompok waria kelas bawah juga meliputi beberapa aspek, di antaranya secara ekonomi dan sosial.Kata kunci: waria, diskriminasi, analisis kelas, pekerja salon
RASIONALISASI TINDAKAN SOSIAL MASYARAKAT SUKU SASAK TERHADAP TRADISI PERANG TOPAT (Studi Kasus Masyarakat Islam Sasak Lombok Barat)
Authors: Jayadi Suparman
Published: February 2018

Traditions Perang Topat in Lingsar Village has done tens of years. The ritual of progress remains a tradition by the Sasak community consisted of religious understanding difference, namely the Sasak Muslim and Hindus performed simultaneously at one time and the same place. In this study discusses how the process of implementation of a tradition of Perang Topat, then the history of the tradition of Perang Topat and also forms the rationalization of social action. Research using the instrumental rationalization and value theory of Max Weber’s approach to qualitative case studies in the tradition of Perang Topat. The results of this study indicate that on the rationalization of the social action community Sasak is two Shapes in the implementation of a tradition of Perang Topat are: social value and sacred value. The form of social value is first, tying religious solidarity. Second, create value tolerance and bring peace. Third the form of local wisdom in Sasak. While the shape of the sacred is the first, this form of gratitude to the ancestral spirits are spirits of ancestors or the death (God Almighty) upon which it was holy water in Llingsar and Kemaliq. Second, a form of communication to the ancestral spirits or spirits of the ancestors of the death (God).Keywords: Rationalization, Social Action, Community Sasak, and Topat War Tradition.
TANGGUNGJAWAB KEPOLISIAN TIMOR LESTE TERHADAP KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA DILI
Authors: Alves Silva Hernanes Delfim
Published: February 2018

Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga sebagai persoalan internal rumah tangga semata, persoalan publik ditangani secara terbuka melalui mekanisme hukum. Menyikapi meningkatnya kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, pemerintah Timor Leste juga kemudian merumuskannya sebagai salah satu delik umum dalam Undag-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 2010 tentang Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga. Penelitian dengan menggunakan metode penelitian hukum empirik, hasil menemukan dua hal. Pertama, Unit Khusus Penanganan Korban Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga dalam lingkup Kepolisian Nasional Timor Leste belum memiliki landasan hukum yang memadai dalam mengatur tugas dan tanggungjawabnya, karena kewenangan dimiliki unit khusus secara delegatif sebagai turunan dari kewenangan umum yang dimiliki oleh Badan Investigasi Kepolisian Nasional Timor Leste. Kedua, sekalipun tidak memiliki payung hukum khusus, namun Unit Khusus tetap melaksanakan tugas dan tanggungjawabnya sekalipun tidak memadai. ketiadaan payung hukum khusus, ketidakmemadaian pelaksanaan tugas dan tanggungjawab unit khusus tidak didukung oleh sumberdaya manusia
PERNIKAHAN HAMIL DI LUAR NIKAH DALAM PERSPEKTIF KOMPILASI HUKUM ISLAM (KHI) DAN FIQIH ISLAM DI KANTOR URUSAN AGAMA (STUDI KASUS DI KOTA KUPANG)
Authors: Aladin Aladin
Published: February 2018

Perkawinan merupakan  bagian dari  dimensi  kehidupan yang  bernilai  ibadah sehingga  menjadi sangat  penting. Manusia  yang  telah  dewasa,  dan  sehat  jasmani  serta rohaninya pasti membutuhkan teman hidup untuk mewujudkan ketenteraman, kedamaian dan  kesejahteraan  dalam  hidup berumah  tangga. Realitas kehidupan  masyarakat  tidak  dapat  dihindari  adanya hamil diluar nikah. Hamil diluar nikah adalah tindakan yang pada dasarnya sangat tidak dianjurkan oleh agama, karena agama mengajarkan manusia pada kebajikan, namun demikian praktek ini masih banyak kita jumpai di masyarakat.Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengapa terjadi perbedaan mengenai pernikahan hamil di luar nikah antara Kompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI) dan Hukum Islam (HI)?; (2) Bagaimana status hukumpernikahanwanitahamilakibatzinadenganlaki-laki yang menghamilinyamenurutKompilasi Hukum Islam (KHI)danfiqih Islam?.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Menurut KHI bahwa wanita yang hamil di luar nikah bisa langsung di nikahkan dengan laki-laki yang menghamilinya tanpa menunggu wanita itu melahirkan kandugannya. Sedangkan berdasarkan hukum Islam dalam hal ini pendapat Imam Malik dan Ahmad bin Hambali yang mengatakan tidak boleh melangsungkan pernikahan antara wanita hamil karena zina dengan laki-laki sampai dia melahirkan kandungannya. Perbedaan tersebut terjadi karena di pengaruhi oleh perbedaan dalil-dalil (Al-Qur’an dan Hadis) yang digunakan dalam menafsirkan permasalahan pernikahan hamil di luar nikah. KHI menjelaskan pernikahan hamil di luar nikah berdasarkan dalil Al-Qur’an surat An-nur ayat 3, Mazhab Syafi’i dan Hanafi, pendapat Abu Bakar, Umar dan Ibnu Abbas. Sedangkan Hukum Islam menggunakan dalil Al-Qur’an surat An-Nisa ayat 11, 12, dan 176, surat At-Talaq ayat 4, Mazhab Maliki dan Ahmad bin Hambal; (2) KHI membolehkan menikahi wanita hamil akibat zina dengan laki-laki yang menghamilinya, menurut hukum Islam status hukum pernikahan wanita hamil akibat zina dengan laki-laki yang menghamilinya pun terjadi perbedaan pendapat diantara ke empat mazhab. Mazhab Hanafi dan Syafi’i membolehkan pernikahan wanita hamil akibat zina dengan laki-laki yang menghamilinya. Mazhab Maliki dan Hanbali melarang pernikahan wanita hamil akibat zina dengan laki-laki yang menghamilinya.
TATAKELOLA KOPERASI DI SALATIGA
Authors: Budiyono Tri Budiyono , Indah Christina Maya
Published: February 2018

Tata kelola koperasi yang tidak berbasis pada prinsip good cooperative governance berpotensi rmemunculkan dampak buruk bagi kesehatan koperasi dan kelangsungan pengembangan bagi koperasi yang seharusnya dipumpunkan pada upaya untuk mensejahterakan anggota. Kajian penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan juridis sosiologis. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan kontribusi dalam merefleksi penatakelolaan koperasi di Kota Salatiga. Tatakelola Koperasi adalah kerangka kerja (framework) dalam bentuk peran (role), aturan (rule) dan pola keterhubungan (relationship) dari organ-organ Koperasi beserta dengan turunannya dalam mengarahkan dan mengendalikan usaha, untuk mewujudkan maksud dan tujuan Koperasi. Good coorporative governance didorong dari dua sisi, yaitu etika dan peraturan.
KONTRIBUSI UNHCR DALAM PENANGANAN PENGUNGSI INTERNASIONAL DI INDONESIA
Authors: Setiyono Joko
Published: February 2018

UNHCR merupakan organ khusus PBB yang dibentuk untuk tujuan melindungi dan menjamin HAM serta upaya memanusiawikan para pengungsi internasional, sebagai akibat dari suatu peperangan ataupun konflik bersenjata yang berkepanjangan, pertikaian internal dan berbagai persoalan dalam negeri lainnya. Penanganan pengungsian yang berasal dari Semenanjung Indochina, pengungsi etnis Rohingya, pengungsi eks Timor Timur, setidaknya merupakan bukti nyata adanya kontribusi UNHCR  dalam penanganan permasalahan pengungsi internasional di Indonesia.
EKSISTENSI DELIK ADAT DAN IMPLEMENTASI ASAS LEGALITAS HUKUM PIDANA MATERIIL INDONESIA
Authors: Anjari Warih
Published: February 2018

Asas legalitas dan penerapan delik adat dalam hukum pidana materiil merupakan dua hal yang bersifat kontradiktif. Asas legalitas bersifat formalistik (positivistik) sedangkan delik adat bersifat  sosiologis. Apabila keduanya  dilaksanakan bersamaan maka harus ditemukan titik singgung agar dapat berjalan seiring. Dalam praktek, delik adat  diakomodir dalam yurisprudensi pengadilan dan revisi KUHP di Indonesia. Permasalahan dalam tulisan ini adalah: Bagaimanakah  eksistensi delik adat dalam hukum pidana materiil Indonesia?;  dan Bagaimanakan konsep asas legalitas untuk  KUHP Indonesia yang  dapat mengakomodir delik adat ?  Delik adat diakui dalam hukum formal Indonesia. Untuk  mengakomodir delik adat, maka asas legalitas diperluas penerapannya, yang meliputi asas legalitas formal dan material. Penerapan asas legalitas material dengan syarat: kontekstual; pidana yang dijatuhkan  tidak bertentangan dengan Pancasila; pembatasan subyek hukum; bersifat premum remedium dalam kasus tertentu.
INDIKASI PERSAINGAN USAHA TIDAK SEHAT DALAM ASPEK TATA NIAGA PERDAGANGAN SAPI IMPOR
Authors: Tiara Christin Octa
Published: February 2018

Artikel yang berjudul Indikasi Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat Dalam Aspek Tata Niaga Perdagangan Sapi Impor ini difokuskan pada permasalahan sebagai berikut: apa penyebab terjadinya persaingan usaha tidak sehat dalam aspek tata niaga perdagangan sapi impor dan bagaimana regulasi tata niaga perdagangan sapi impor harus diformulasikan sehingga tidak mengakibatkan terjadinya praktek persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji dan mengevaluasi penyebab terjadinya persaingan usaha tidak sehat serta untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji urgensi regulasi tata niaga perdagangan sapi impor sehingga tidak terjadi persaingan usaha tidak sehat. Kesimpulan yang dapat diperoleh adalah tidak adanya kejelasan peraturan perundang-undangan yang mengatur sehingga mengakibatkan banyak penafsiran yang berbeda dikalangan para pengusaha. Serta penting adanya regulasi yang mengatur lebih lanjut dalam aspek tata niaga perdagangan sapi impor sesuai dengan syarat dan ketentuan yang berlaku sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam Pasal 10 Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 05/M-DAG/PER/1/2016 tentang Ketentuan Ekspor dan Impor Hewan dan Produk Hewan.
KONSTRUKSI YURIDIS PENGGUNAAN GIZJELING SEBAGAI ALAT PAKSA PENAGIHAN UTANG PAJAK
Authors: Adiyanta F.C. Susila
Published: February 2018

Gizjeling merupakan salah satu instrumen untuk penagihan pajak. Lembaga gizjeling pernah dibekukan oleh Mahkamah Agung dengan SEMA No. 2 Tahun 1964 dan SEMA No. 4 tahun 1975 dan juga diikuti Dirjen Pajak dengan menerbitkan SE No. 06/PJ.04/1979. Perubahan paradigma penggunaan gizjeling terjadi saat MA menerbitkan PERMA No. 1 Tahun 2000 dan pemerintah menggunakannya juga untuk penagihan pajak saat mengalami kesulitan penerimaan pajak. Fokus permasalahan penelitian ini adalah bagaimana konstruksi yuridis gizjeling (sandera)  sebagai instrumen penagihan utang pajak dan legitimasi historis penggunaan alat paksa sandera (gizjeling)  untuk penagihan utang pajak ? Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh simpulan: 1) konstruksi yuridis dari perspektif hukum administratif, gijzeling adalah bentuk paksaan nyata pemerintah (bestuurdwang), merupakan paksaan tidak langsung untuk penagihan utang pajak; dan instrumen penagihan pajak terakhir (ultimum remedium) untuk penagihan utang pajak. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) penegakan hukum pajak harus lebih mengedepankan pendekatan persuasif daripada penggunakan paksaan fisik (gizjeling/paksa badan); 2) dalam setiap penegakan hukum pajak, pemerintah harus mendorong partisipasi publik dengan model tindakan komunikatif.
Doctor, Teacher, and Stethoscope: Neural Representation of Different Types of Semantic Relations
Authors: Xu Yangwen , Wang Xiaosha , Wang Xiaoying , Men Weiwei , Gao Jia-Hong , Bi Yanchao
Published: February 2018

Concepts can be related in many ways. They can belong to the same taxonomic category (e.g., “doctor” and “teacher,” both in the category of people) or be associated with the same event context (e.g., “doctor” and “stethoscope,” both associated with medical scenarios). How are these two major types of semantic relations coded in the brain? We constructed stimuli from three taxonomic categories (people, manmade objects, and locations) and three thematic categories (school, medicine, and sports) and investigated the neural representations of these two dimensions using representational similarity analyses in human participants (10 men and nine women). In specific regions of interest, the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) and the left temporoparietal junction (TPJ), we found that, whereas both areas had significant effects of taxonomic information, the taxonomic relations had stronger effects in the ATL than in the TPJ (“doctor” and “teacher” closer in ATL neural activity), with the reverse being true for thematic relations (“doctor” and “stethoscope” closer in TPJ neural activity). A whole-brain searchlight analysis revealed that widely distributed regions, mainly in the left hemisphere, represented the taxonomic dimension. Interestingly, the significant effects of the thematic relations were only observed after the taxonomic differences were controlled for in the left TPJ, the right superior lateral occipital cortex, and other frontal, temporal, and parietal regions. In summary, taxonomic grouping is a primary organizational dimension across distributed brain regions, with thematic grouping further embedded within such taxonomic structures.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow are concepts organized in the brain? It is well established that concepts belonging to the same taxonomic categories (e.g., “doctor” and “teacher”) share neural representations in specific brain regions. How concepts are associated in other manners (e.g., “doctor” and “stethoscope,” which are thematically related) remains poorly understood. We used representational similarity analyses to unravel the neural representations of these different types of semantic relations by testing the same set of words that could be differently grouped by taxonomic categories or by thematic categories. We found that widely distributed brain areas primarily represented taxonomic categories, with the thematic categories further embedded within the taxonomic structure.
Environmental Sustainability in Africa
Authors: Denny Riva C. H. , Marquart-Pyatt Sandra T.
Published: February 2018

Although sustainability-related efforts remain central to development, their accomplishment varies across places for a variety of reasons including climatic and geographic differences. This variability makes a regional focus important. In this paper, we investigate ecological footprints in both total and sub-footprint forms as measures of environmental sustainability over time in Africa. We examine economic, demographic, and ecological variables as key factors driving national-level environmental sustainability in Africa over nearly five decades. Our results reveal demographic attributes to be the primary but not the only forces affecting environmental sustainability. We situate our findings both in the context of prior studies and in relation to opportunities for further academic study.
Difficulties in cerebrospinal fluid βhCG interpretation in a patient with an infundibular lesion
Authors: Jones Alicia R , McNeil Alan , Yates Christopher , Krishnamurthy Bala , Hamblin Peter S
Published: February 2018

A variety of neoplastic, inflammatory and congenital conditions can cause pituitary stalk thickening. Differentiating between these causes is important as targeted treatment may be offered. Diagnostic work-up consists of a thorough history, examination, biochemical analysis and imaging. We present the case of a 33-year-old male who presented with diabetes insipidus and had pituitary stalk thickening on magnetic resonance imaging. Further investigations revealed an elevated CSF βhCG, which raised the possibility of an intracranial germ cell tumor. However, when repeated on four different assays, the βhCG levels were discordant. On serial imaging, the pituitary stalk thickening reduced slightly, which would be unexpected for a germ cell tumor. This case raises the difficulties interpreting CSF βhCG, as not all immunoassays for βhCG have been validated for use in CSF. The Roche Diagnostics Elecsys and Siemens Centaur assays have been validated for CSF βhCG, and so we advocate using one of these methods. If unavailable or serum/CSF results are ambiguous, serial MRI is appropriate, with pituitary stalk biopsy considered if the stalk measures >6.5 mm or other imaging abnormalities are present.

Learning points:

Most adult patients with central diabetes insipidus have imaging abnormalities on a pituitary MRI. The most common abnormalities are loss of the posterior pituitary bright spot and pituitary stalk thickening, both of which are non-specific.

Causes of pituitary stalk thickening include neoplastic, inflammatory, infective and congenital lesions.

Investigation of pituitary stalk thickening should encompass the many possible causes and include biochemical analyses as well as imaging of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. Further investigations should be guided by the clinical context, but may include testicular ultrasound, CSF analysis and pituitary stalk biopsy.

Germ cell tumors involving the pituitary stalk may be suspected on clinical grounds, but in the absence of a tissue diagnosis (biopsy) confirmation may be difficult and relies on biochemical assessment of blood and possibly CSF as well as serial MRI imaging.

CSF βhCG levels should be analyzed on an instrument validated for use in CSF or on multiple instruments, and the pitfalls of testing this marker (false negative in some germ cell tumors, false positives in other conditions, lack of internationally agreed reference ranges for diagnosing germ cell tumors) should be considered when interpreting the results.
Photosensitive Alternative Splicing of the Circadian Clock Gene timeless Is Population Specific in a Cold-Adapted Fly, Drosophila montana
Authors: Tapanainen Riikka , Parker Darren J , Kankare Maaria
Published: February 2018

To function properly, organisms must adjust their physiology, behavior and metabolism in response to a suite of varying environmental conditions. One of the central regulators of these changes is organisms’ internal circadian clock, and recent evidence has suggested that the clock genes are also important in the regulation of seasonal adjustments. In particular, thermosensitive splicing of the core clock gene timeless in a cosmopolitan fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has implicated this gene to be involved in thermal adaptation. To further investigate this link we examined the splicing of timeless in a northern malt fly species, Drosophila montana, which can withstand much colder climatic conditions than its southern relative. We studied northern and southern populations from two different continents (North America and Europe) to find out whether and how the splicing of this gene varies in response to different temperatures and day lengths. Interestingly, we found that the expression of timeless splice variants was sensitive to differences in light conditions, and while the flies of all study populations showed a change in the usage of splice variants in constant light compared to LD 22:2, the direction of the shift varied between populations. Overall, our findings suggest that the splicing of timeless in northern Drosophila montana flies is photosensitive, rather than thermosensitive and highlights the value of studying multiple species and populations in order to gain perspective on the generality of gene function changes in different kinds of environmental conditions.
A Decade Later, Continued Transformation of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
Authors: Young Michael N ,   Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Elmariah Sammy ,   Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
Published: February 2018

The emergence of transcatheter aortic valve replacement as an effective treatment option in appropriately selected patients with severe aortic valve stenosis has proven to be revolutionary to the fields of interventional cardiology and cardiac surgery. As percutaneous technologies continue to mature and indications for transcatheter valve therapy concurrently expand, the contemporary management of valvular heart disease necessitates a multidisciplinary heart team approach that considers the indication, multimodality imaging, anesthetic and procedural strategy, and selection of the appropriate valve prosthesis for each patient. We provide an overview of the historical development of transcatheter aortic valve replacement, commercially available and investigative devices, landmark clinical trial data, and developments on the horizon that aim to further advance the care of patients with aortic valve disease.
Democracia y sus contraconceptos durante la década de 1950-1959 en Costa Rica
Authors: Álvarez Garro Laura
Published: February 2018

En este artículo se exponen los resultados del análisis del concepto de democracia y sus contraconceptos -dictadura y totalitarismo- durante el periodo de 1950-1959, el cual se desprende de una investigación de mayor alcance titulada Conceptos políticos en Costa Rica durante el periodo de 1950 a 1959: transformaciones y permanencias, desarrollada en el Centro de Investigaciones Históricas de América Central (CIHAC). Se expone cuáles son los contenidos asociados a estos conceptos y su uso político por parte de actores políticos y sociales en campos políticos pagados – publicidad política –, en dos periódicos de circulación nacional – La Nación y La Extra-. Se concluye que para el periodo la asociación entre democracia e “identidad” nacional está instalada y ha alcanzado el estatuto de un mito en el cual la democracia aparece como un valor hipostasiado.
Recetas contra el conjuro: los estilos de desarrollo en el Uruguay contemporáneo y los debates sobre el desarrollo latinoamericano (1973-2014)
Authors: Levalle Sebastián
Published: February 2018

Desde el comienzo de la década de 1950, el Secretario General de la CEPAL, Raúl Prebisch, alertó sobre el deterioro de los términos del intercambio que afectaba a los países del subcontinente en función del mayor crecimiento de la demanda de productos manufacturados importados con respecto a la de bienes primarios a exportar. El aporte prebischeano al mensaje de la industrialización prefiguró una serie de debates que las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas comenzaron a darse en los años 1960/70. En dichos intercambios sedimentó un conjunto de conceptos explicativos de la realidad latinoamericana que en los trabajos posteriores fueron relegados a un segundo plano. Frente a esta amnesia recurrente en el pensamiento de nuestros países creemos pertinente analizar los principales estilos de desarrollo del Uruguay entre 1974 y 2014 desde aquellos debates fundantes de las ciencias sociales latinoamericanas. En primer lugar, analizaremos la configuración de un estilo de desarrollo dependiente, concentrador y excluyente desde 1973 hasta el 2004. En un segundo momento, analizaremos las características de las políticas económicas y sociales implementadas por los gobiernos del Frente Amplio (2005-2014).
Study of MazEF, sam, and phd-doc putative toxin–antitoxin systems in Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Behrooz Sadeghi Kalani , Lida Lotfollahi , Ali Shivaee , Mehdi Moghadampour , Rasoul Mirzaei , Elnaz Ohadi , Farid Biderouni Tahvildar , Gholamreza Irajian
Published: February 2018

Today, to replace the antibacterial targets to overcome antibiotic resistance, toxin–antitoxin (TA) system is noticeable, where the unstable antitoxin neutralizes the stable toxin and protects the bacteria against the toxic effects. The presence and expression of TA genes in clinical and non-clinical strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis were investigated in this study. After identification of three TA pairs (mazEF, sam, and phd-doc) via existing databases (earlier, there has been no information in the case of S. epidermidis isolates), the presence and expression of these pairs were investigated by PCR and q-PCR, respectively. We detected three TA modules in all antibiotic sensitive and resistant isolates. In addition, q-PCR analysis revealed that the transcripts were produced from the three TA modules. This study showed the significant prevalence of these systems in pathogenic bacteria and they were equally found in both oxacillin-resistant and oxacillin-susceptible bacteria. The high prevalence of three systems can make them suitable as potential targets for antibiotic therapy.
SURFACE MODIFICATION OF CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION (CVD) DIAMOND FILM/SI(111) BY IMPLANTATION WITH Fe + B IONS IN CONJUNCTION WITH THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
Authors: Purwanto Setyo , Dimyati A. , Iskandar R. , A.A Wisnu , S Tjipto
Published: February 2018

Surface Modification of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Diamond Film/Si(111)  by Implantation with Fe+B ions In Conjunction with their  Magnetic Properties. Surfcace modification of CVD manufactured diamond films on Si(111) substrate has been performed by means of Fe+B ion implantation followed by Argon ion gas sputtering with acceleration energy 20 keV and ion dose 1x1015  and 1x1016 ions cm-2. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (STEM) imaging shows the formation of amorphous carbon layer on top of the diamond film with thickness ca. 100 nm on the implanted sample and ca. 20 nm on the sample without implantion. The morphology and magnetic property of the films surface were characterized by Atomic and Magnetic Force Microscopy (AFM/MFM). The Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy EELS analysis has revealed amount of Boron atoms distributed homogenously inside the carbon amorphous layer on both samples which is in close agreement to the result of Raman Spectroscopy showing the changes of the Raman spectrum due to implantation. The magnetic properties of the samples after Fe+B ion implantion were additionally investigated by means of Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). By increasing ion doses at constant energy 20 keV, the magnetoresistance property decreased from +45% on the sample implanted with dose 1x1015 to +8% on the sample implanted with dose 1x1016 ions cm-2.
The Jesuits in Portugal: the communion of science and religion
Authors: Brás José Gregório , Gonçalves Maria Neves , Robert André
Published: February 2018

For several centuries, the dichotomy between science and religion widened, so much so that these were considered two opposing fields of knowledge. On one side, stood the defenders of rationality, and on the other, obscurantism. Following the anti-Jew myth, with the Enlightenment, the anti-Jesuit myth emerged. This myth started to gain momentum in Portugal with the Marquis of Pombal. Starting from this framework, we raise the following core questions: Were the Jesuits enemies or ardent supporters of science? Can it be that their concern was limited to the religious catechism, and opposed the teaching and dissemination of science? In face of what was stated above, we highlight the following goals: (i) to analyse the role played by the Jesuits in disseminating science in Portugal; (ii) to reflect on the importance given by Jesuits to the social and hygienist pedagogy. As regards methodology, we followed two dimensions of analysis: (1) science, religion, teaching-innovation and dissemination; (2) social and civic pedagogy. This study enabled us to conclude that the strategy and practice followed by the Jesuits served to launch them in the scientific field, playing a part of great relevance in scientific education, contrary to the myth that was created around them.
Cancer treatment associated cardiac toxicities
Authors: Chang Eric Y. , Chaudhry Aneese F. , Lopez Victoria , Jain Sanjay R.
Published: February 2018

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in men and women both in the US and worldwide. With increased access to healthcare, it is predicted that life expectancies in developed countries will continue to rise and thus, lead to an increase in both cardiovascular disease and cancer. Similarly, improved survival rates in cancer patients have led to an increased awareness of the presence and potential worsening of cardiovascular disease in these patients. Cardiovascular complications due to side effects from cancer therapy or from cancer progression can be a common occurrence. Although recent advances in cancer therapeutics have led to improved survival rates and quality of life, the increase in life expectancy may be counteracted by the increased morbidity and mortality from progressive cardiac pathology. Examples of such complications include local invasion or distant metastatic spread, which can lead to superior vena cava syndrome, cardiac tamponade, or hyperviscosity syndromes. In addition, many chemo and radiation therapies can be directly toxic to the cardiovascular system. This review aims to discuss the potential cardiac toxicities of the most commonly used chemotherapeutics along with some strategies to manage these complex patients.
The study of skeletal muscle relaxant property of pheniramine maleate in acetylcholine induced contractions on isolated frog rectus muscle
Authors: Priyambada Supriya , P. Lakshmi Deepika , M. Singamma
Published: February 2018

Background: A muscle relaxant is a drug which affects skeletal muscle function and decreases the muscle tone. It may be used to alleviate symptoms such as muscle spasm, pain and hyperreflexia. Skeletal muscle relaxants are heterogeneous group of medications that refer to 2 major therapeutic groups: neuromuscular blockers and spasmolytics. This study is carried out to evaluate the skeletal muscle property of Pheniramine maleate in Acetylcholine Induced Contractions on Isolated Frog Rectus Muscle.Methods: There are various screening techniques available to assess the muscle relaxant property of a drug. For initial screening, frog rectus muscle is used. Here frogs are divided into 4 different groups. Each group contains 6 isolated frog rectus muscles. The experiment is carried out by adding 100μg, 200μg, 400μg and 800μg of pheniramine maleate with 80μg of acetylcholine to the organ bath and response is recorded by kymograph.Results: Pheniramine maleate in various doses like 100μg, 200μg, 400μg and 800μg with 80μg of acetylcholine 100μg showed the maximum contractions of frog rectus muscle in kymograph. At all the doses of Pheniramine maleate, it showed a significant effect of skeletal muscle relaxant property.Conclusions: In conclusion with work done by using pheniramine maleate in different doses along with 80μg of acetylcholine. Pheniramine maleate showed the maximum skeletal muscle relaxant property on frog rectus muscle at 800μg dose.
Comparative study of efficacy and safety of garenoxacin and moxifloxacin in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in COPD patients
Authors: Sinha Ajay Kumar , Srivastava Bhavana , Punera Dinesh Chand , Khanchandani Renu
Published: February 2018

Background: Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis in COPD (AECB) is the major cause of morbidity, mortality and marked reduction in quality of life and imposes significant burden on both patients and healthcare systems. Bacterial infections causing AECB frequently require antibacterial treatment, so more evidences are needed to guide better antibiotic choice. Objective of the study was planned to compare efficacy and safety of Garenoxacin, a new fluoroquinolone versus moxifloxacin for treatment of Acute exacerbation of Chronic bronchitis in COPD patient.Methods: This was a prospective open label comparative study done in department of pharmacology and T.B & Chest of Government Medical College attached Dr Shusila Tiwari Hospital, Haldwani. 60 subjects with clinical symptoms suggestive of Anthonisen type II AECOPD (any two of following criteria: Increased dyspnea, cough, sputum purulence) were enrolled and randomized to receive either Moxifloxacin 400 mg once daily for 7 days or Garenoxacin 400mg once daily for 7 days. The primary outcome measure was clinical success rate at day 7 visit. Secondary outcome measures were changes in clinical global impression (CGI) scales and incidence of adverse events.Results: The mean age of patient was 60.98±9.9 years and 57.9±9.3 years in the Moxifloxacin and Garenoxacin groups. The clinical success rates were comparable with 86.2% in moxifloxacin group 84.6% and in garenoxacin group. Adverse effects were mild and self limiting. We observed two adverse effects in garenoxacin and three in moxifloxacin group.Conclusions: The result of study showed that garenoxacin is comparable to moxifloxacin in terms of efficacy and safety.
Rotarod test and Catalepsy bar test: behavioral testing and neuromodulation of Aloe vera in MPTP induced Parkinson’s disease animal model
Authors: Bagewadi Harish G. , . Rajeshwari , V. Patil Banderao , Zahid Syed Hasan
Published: February 2018

Background: Aloe vera (Family Liliaceae) has been used for the treatment of diabetes, skin disorders and as anti-inflammatory agent. Objectives: behavioral testing of antiparkinsonian effect of Aloe vera in MPTP induced animal model.Methods: Rotarod test and Catalepsy bar test were used for behavioral assessment. Assessment of oxidative stress was done in the striatal region of the brain by reduced glutathione (GSH) measurement.Results: A. vera (200 and 400mg/kg, p.o.) was found to significantly increase the retention time in rota rod test and significantly decrease the latency period in catalepsy bar test as compared to MPTP groups. A. vera was found to have significant anti-oxidative effect in the striatal region of the brain by GSH measurement.Conclusions: Thus, it can be proposed that A. vera has a potential anti-parkinson effect in mice.