bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SNK @ DANKMEMES: Leveraging Pretrained Embeddings for Multimodal Meme Detection
Authors: Fiorucci Stefano
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we describe and present the results of meme detection system, specifically developed and submitted for our participation to the first subtask of DANKMEMES (EVALITA 2020). We built simple classifiers, consisting in feed forward neural networks. They leverage existing pretrained embeddings, both for text and image representation. Our best system (SNK1) achieves good results in meme detection (F1 = 0.8473), ranking 2nd in the competition, at a distance of 0.0028 from the first classified.
Ghigliottin-AI @ EVALITA2020: Evaluating Artificial Players for the Language Game “La Ghigliottina”
Authors: Basile Pierpaolo , Lovetere Marco , Monti Johanna , Pascucci Antonio , Sangati Federico , Siciliani Lucia
Published: May 2021

Evaluating Artificial Players for the Language Game “La Ghigliottina” (Ghigliottin-AI) task is one of the tasks organized in the context of the 2020 EVALITA edition, a periodic evaluation campaign of Natural Language Processing (NLP) and speech tools for the Italian language. Ghigliottin-AI participants are asked to build an artificial player able to solve “La Ghigliottina”, namely the final game of an Italian TV show called “L’Eredità”. The game involves a single player who is given a set of five words unrelated to each other, but related with a sixth word that represents the solution to the game. Fourteen teams registered to Ghigliottin-AI. Nevertheless, only two teams submitted their run. In order to evaluate the submitted systems, we rely on an API base methodology, via a Remote Evaluation Server (RES). In this report we describe the Ghigliottin-AI task, the data, the evaluation and we discuss results.
B4DS @ PRELEARN: Ensemble Method for Prerequisite Learning
Authors: Puccetti Giovanni , Bolanos Luis , Chiarello Filippo , Fantoni Gualtiero
Published: May 2021

In this paper we describe the methodologies we proposed to tackle the EVALITA 2020 shared task PRELEARN. We propose both a methodology based on gated recurrent units as well as one using more classical word embeddings together with ensemble methods. Our goal in choosing these approaches, is twofold, on one side we wish to see how much of the prerequisite information is present within the pages themselves. On the other we would like to compare how much using the information from the rest of Wikipedia can help in identifying this type of relation. This second approach is particularly useful in terms of extension to new entities close to the one in the corpus provided for the task but not actually present in it. With this methodologies we reached second position in the challenge.
CL-IMS @ DIACR-Ita: Volente o Nolente: BERT does not Outperform SGNS on Semantic Change Detection
Authors: Laicher Severin , Baldissin Gioia , Castañeda Enrique , Schlechtweg Dominik , Schulte im Walde Sabine
Published: May 2021

We present the results of our participation in the DIACR-Ita shared task on lexical semantic change detection for Italian. We exploit Average Pairwise Distance of token-based BERT embeddings between time points and rank 5 (of 8) in the official ranking with an accuracy of .72. While we tune parameters on the English data set of SemEval-2020 Task 1 and reach high performance, this does not translate to the Italian DIACR-Ita data set. Our results show that we do not manage to find robust ways to exploit BERT embeddings in lexical semantic change detection.
UWB @ DIACR-Ita: Lexical Semantic Change Detection with CCA and Orthogonal Transformation
Authors: Pražák Ondřej , Přibáň Pavel , Taylor Stephen
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we describe our method for detection of lexical semantic change (i.e., word sense changes over time) for the DIACR-Ita shared task, where we ranked 1st. We examine semantic differences between specific words in two Italian corpora, chosen from different time periods. Our method is fully unsupervised and language independent. It consists of preparing a semantic vector space for each corpus, earlier and later. Then we compute a linear transformation between earlier and later spaces, using CCA and Orthogonal Transformation. Finally, we measure the cosines between the transformed vectors.
Characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Potential of COVID-19–Convalescent Donors
Authors: Jahrsdörfer Bernd , Groß Rüdiger , Seidel Alina , Wettstein Lukas , Ludwig Carolin , Schwarz Tatjana , Körper Sixten , Rojewski Markus , Lotfi Ramin , Weinstock Christoph , Seifried Erhard , Corman Victor Max , Drosten Christian , Münch Jan , Schrezenmeier Hubert
Published: May 2021

The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has triggered the development of various SARS-CoV-2 neutralization tests. A wild-type virus (using African green monkey VeroE6 cells), a pseudovirus (using human Caco-2 cells), and a surrogate neutralization test platform were applied to characterize the SARS-CoV-2 neutralization potential of a cohort of 111 convalescent plasma donors over a period of seven months after diagnosis. This allowed an in-depth validation and assay performance analysis of these platforms. More importantly, we found that SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers were stable or even increased within the observation period, which contradicts earlier studies reporting a rapid waning of Ab titers after three to four months. Moreover, we observed a positive correlation of neutralization titers with increasing age, number of symptoms reported, and the presence of the Rhesus Ag RhD. Validation of the platforms revealed that highest assay performances were obtained with the wild-type virus and the surrogate neutralization platforms. However, our data also suggested that selection of cutoff titers had a strong impact on the evaluation of neutralization potency. When taking strong neutralization potency, as demonstrated by the wild-type virus platform as the gold standard, up to 55% of plasma products had low neutralization titers. However, a significant portion of these products were overrated in their potency when using the surrogate assay with the recommended cutoff titer. In summary, our study demonstrates that SARS-CoV-2 neutralization titers are stable for at least seven months after diagnosis and offers a testing strategy for rapid selection of high-titer convalescent plasma products in a biosafety level 1 environment.
Effects of IgG from the serum of ischemic stroke patients on hemostasis
Authors: Katrii Tetiana , Raksha Nataliia , Halenova Tetiana , Vovk Tetiana , Kravchenko Olga , Kostiuk Alexandra , Savchuk Oleksiy , Zlatska Alena , Andriichuk Tetiana , Melnyk Volodymyr , Ostapchenko Ludmila
Published: May 2021

Ischemic stroke is among the top diseases leading to mortality and disability in the world. The detailed investigation of the mechanisms underlying this pathology and especially mediating the tendency to relapse during the first year after stroke incident undoubtedly belongs to important tasks of modern medicine and biology. The current study aims to analyze the influence of IgG derived from the blood serum of ischemic stroke patients on some hemostasis factors. In total, 123 participants with IS, 62 with atherothrombotic ischemic stroke, 61 with cardioembolic ischemic stroke, and 57 subjects as control have been examined. The same patients have participated in the research a year after stroke. IgG from serum was isolated by affinity chromatography on protein A Sepharose column. The activity of key hemostasis factors under the influence of IgG was analyzed. Obtained results revealed that IgG of stroke patients but not healthy subjects caused the inhibition of the amidolytic activity of endogenously generated thrombin, protein C, factor Xa, and led to an increase in the degree of ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The reduction of clotting time in the test "Thrombin time" by IgG of patients at the acute phase of disease was also observed; IgG of healthy subjects mediated the opposite effect. In contrast to acute ischemic stroke IgG, IgG of patients one year after both atherothrombotic and cardioembolic ischemic stroke influenced only the activity of endogenously generated thrombin and factor Xa resulting in inhibition of their activities. It was also established that IgG of ischemic stroke patients, as well as healthy subjects, stimulated the secretion of tissue plasminogen activator by endotheliocytes.
From the President’s Desk Part 2
Authors: Mash Robert
Published: May 2021

No abstract available.
Dermatology and Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Patel Nayankumar , Sil Amrita
Published: May 2021

Well-designed and rigorously conducted randomized controlled trial (RCT) can produce most valid and precise scientific evidence. Any intervention, be it systemic or topical medicine, dermatology procedure needs to be tested for its efficacy in improving particular disease condition and RCT should come into mind of investigator. The biggest strength of RCT lies in two self-explanatory factors; they are randomized and controlled. Randomization of study subjects eliminates selection and confounding bias and controlling of study condition improves the internal and external validity of findings. “Blinding” eliminates assessment bias. If one starts a comparative study without stating proper hypothesis, he/she would end up collecting lots of data which does not make sense. PICOT format helps in formulating research question. Writing a detailed protocol based on hypothesis describing in detail methodology, sample size calculation, randomization method, and blinding procedure up to statistical analysis plan is very important step in planning of RCT. Trials registered prospectively contribute to transparency of the trial and are considered to reduce the publication bias by reducing selective publication of positive outcomes. Adverse events can occur at any time during conduct of an RCT and should be reported and kept track of. Physical injury resulting from clinical trial participation is entitled to financial compensation. During preparation of final manuscript of study, the CONSORT guidelines must be followed to improve the quality of reporting of RCTs. Clinical trials provide evidence-based approach in medicine and a designed and well-implemented trial can alter clinical dermatology practice for a healthier tomorrow.
Midgut malrotation with volvulus discovered at an emergency caesarean section for placental abruption
Authors: T. Mensah Kofi , Kwarase Raphael , Laari Stephenson , N. A. Thompson William
Published: May 2021

Adult midgut malrotation with volvulus (AMMV) is an uncommon presentation which may be found incidentally during abdominal radiologic investigations or at laparotomy. We report a case of AMMV and small bowel gangrene in a 35-year-old Gravida four, Para three at 39 weeks, 4 days gestation who presented with a short history of worsening abdominal pain, repeated vomiting and abdominal wall guarding. Emergency caesarean section performed on account of a suspected placental abruption incidentally revealed a long segment of non-viable small intestine. Subsequent midline laparotomy disclosed a midgut malrotation with volvulus and bowel gangrene. This resulted in a 4.6m resection of non-viable small bowel with Ladd’s procedure. The patient developed moderate symptoms of short bowel syndrome in the post-operative period which was successfully managed non-operatively. This case report represents a rare diagnosis, in the West-African sub-region, of an adult midgut malrotation with volvulus mimicking a third trimester obstetric emergency.
Patella sleeve fracture injury: a case report
Authors: K. S. Ngissah Reuben , K. Gyeke- Boafo Nana , K. B. Awere-Kyere Lawrence
Published: May 2021

Patella sleeve fracture is a rare injury that occurs in children and is characterized by an avulsion of extensive sleeve of cartilage and periosteum with small bony fragments, usually from the inferior pole of the patella. It is important to make this diagnosis promptly and act accordingly, because a delay or misdiagnosis will result in severe permanent disability to the affected child. A case of this injury is presented to create awareness among physicians, especially front-liners within the medical community in Sub-Saharan Africa, where such an injury has been rarely reported in the literature. The presentation, evaluation, management and outcome over a six months period is being presented.
A Review on Solar Thermal Utilization for Industrial Heating and Cooling Processes: Global and Ethiopian Perspective
Authors: Gebreyohannes Yacob , Bayray Mulu , Lauwaert Johan
Published: May 2021

A substantial share of the total energy in various countries is consumed by industries and manufacturing sectors. Most of the energy is used for low and medium temperature process heating (up to 3000C) as well as low and medium cooling capacity (up to 350kW). To meet the demand, the industrial sector consumes most of its energy in either thermal (heat) or electrical energy forms. The use of fossil fuels accounts for about half of the overall share. This resulted in a necessity to commercialize local and clean renewable energy sources efficiently considering the reduction of economic dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gases emission. As such, solar energy has proven potential and resulted in considerable development and deployment of solar heating industrial processes (SHIP) and solar cooling systems in recent times. Thus, an attempt to present a review of the available literature on overall energy intensiveness, process temperature levels, solar technology match, and solar thermal system performance and cost have been made in this paper. The review also includes identifying the potential and relevance of involving solar thermal for industrial heating and cooling demand. As a result, at least 624 SHIP including promising large-scale plants and 1350 solar cooling systems most of them in small and medium capacities in operation are identified. Though limited data is available for solar cooling potential and installation, investigations projected the global SHIP potential to 5.6 EJ for 2050. Consequently, given the presence of many low and medium temperature heating processes and cooling capacities in industries with immense solar energy potential, developing counties such as Ethiopia can take experience and pay attention to the development of sustainable industrial systems.
Persistence of temperature and precipitation: From local to global anomalies
Authors: Takalo Jouni
Published: May 2021

ract: Using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) we find that the all continents are persistent in temperature. The scaling exponents of the southern hemisphere (SH) continents, i.e., South America (α=0.78) and Oceania (0.75) are somewhat higher than scaling exponents of Europe (0.70), Asia (0.69) and North America (0.65), but the scaling  of Africa is by far the highest (0.89). The scaling exponents of the precipitation are much smaller, i.e., between 0.54 (Europe) and 0.67 (North America). The scaling exponent of Europe is near the exponent of random Brownian noise, which is 0.5. The other continents are slightly persistent in precipitation. The slopes of the logarithmic power spectra of the continents are in line with the scaling exponents confirming the DFA analysis results. We also show that the persistence is real and not the intrinsic property of the data itself. We find that scaling exponent α, i.e., persistence of the monthly temperature increases when going from local to larger area averages, at least in the case where climate type does not change much. The situation is not so obvious for the monthly precipitation. We also show that the three southernmost climate regions of USA, Ohio Valley, South and Southeast, have smaller scaling exponents for temperature anomalies, and are thus less persistent in temperature than other six climate regions. On the other hand they are slightly more persistent in precipitation that the other regions. The scaling exponents of the monthly temperature anomalies of the latitude zones of land area are 0.71 and 0.68 for the southern zones S44-S24, and S64-S44, respectively. For the northern zones N24-N44, N44-N64 and N64-N90, the scaling exponents are between 0.67-0.70.  Interestingly the scaling exponents are extremely high for the equatorial zones S24-EQ and EQ-N24, i. e., 1.02 and 0.95, respectively. The corresponding exponents of the monthly precipitation anomalies are between 0.55-0.61 for other zones than S24-EQ and EQ-N24, which have exponents 0.72 and 0.77, respectively.
Removal and fate of carbamazepine in the microbial fuel cell coupled constructed wetland system
Authors: Xie Jingyi , Li Haixiao , Wang Shiyu , Chen Hao , Jiang Wei , Zhang Lin , Wang Lianjie , Wu Yufeng , Li Lirong , Lu Xueqiang
Published: May 2021

Carbamazepine (CBZ), which is difficult to remove in the wastewater treatment system and easily forms toxic transformation products during the treatment process, is one of the priority pollutants of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Increasing attention has been paid to explore their treatment technology without side effects from the treatment products. This study aims to reveal the removal and transformation of CBZ in the microbial fuel cell coupled constructed wetland (CW-MFC) system. The CW-MFC system was operated continuously at room temperature for nearly 80 days. The results show that CW-MFC system can effectively remove CBZ with an average removal rate of 97%. Three transformation products were identified by liquid chromatography−high-resolution mass spectrometry: 2-(2-oxoquinazolin-1(2H)-yl) benzoic acid (TP267), methyl 2-(2-oxoquinazolin-1(2H)-yl) benzoate (TP281), 2-(2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-1(2H)-yl) benzoic acid (TP283). Except TP281 in the influent, the other transformation products were formed in the system, which indicated that TP267 and TP283 were the main transformation products of CBZ. The formation pathway of transformation products could be explained by reactions including oxidation, hydrolysis, bond rupture and intramolecular reaction. The results also indicate that the CW-MFC system might be a promising technology for PPCPs treatment.
Riesgos Para el Desarrollo Neuropsicofisiológico de los Adolescentes: Impacto de la Pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Cortés Manuel E.
Published: May 2021

Sra. Editora: La pandemia por COVID-19 indiscutiblemente ha impactado en las dinámicas relacionales familiares. Se observan problemáticas psicológicas manifestadas mediante diversas alteraciones conductuales, evidenciando esto un efecto neurobiológico insospechado. Un grupo etario bastante sensible a todo este estrés son los adolescentes. Esta carta comenta los riesgos que genera la pandemia por COVID-19 en el desarrollo neuropsicofisiológico de los adolescentes.
Os Calangos do Boiaçu
Authors: Dias Ricardo
Published: May 2021

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Editorial
Authors: Reis Marcus Vinicius , Rascke Karla Leandro , Cabral Geovanni Gomes , Cavalcanti Erinaldo Vicente
Published: May 2021

Lançamos nessa edição da Revista Escritas do Tempo diferentes artigos que compõem o dossiê intitulado “Amazônia, fronteiras e diversidades”. A proposta desse número é mesclada por textos articulados ao tema de Amazônia(s) e suas diversidades e fronteiras, em plurais experiências de sujeitos históricos, contextos, períodos, abordagens e epistemologias. Reflexões/pesquisas e escutas em narrativas textuais que permitem evidenciar experiências das diversidades amazônicas são demonstradas nessa edição, constando de análises de registros imagéticos, escritos, sonoros, rítmicas evidenciando saberes e viveres de povos e comunidades do campo e da cidade, povos indígenas e comunidades quilombolas, espaços e estratégias educacionais e políticas de ação afirmativa, artes e suas linguagens, numa emergência de múltiplas Amazônia(s) e seus contextos.
O colégio Santa Rosa na dinâmica da "Educação-Pacificação" dos "Selvagens" do Araguaia paraense, a partir da revista Cayapós e Carajás/Memória Dominicana (1902-1952)
Authors: Lima Milton Pereira
Published: May 2021

No presente artigo foi realizada uma investigação a respeito do Colégio Santa Rosa, sua fundação e o perfil dos seus estudantes. O surgimento de tal instituição foi articulado por padres dominicanos do Araguaia Paraense, se tornando um marco educacional na fronteira do Araguaia Paraense, que atendia crianças indígenas de variados grupos étnicos, moradores do imenso território de Conceição do Araguaia. Utilizou-se como fonte a narrativa constituinte da revista Cayapós e Carajás/Memória dominicana, além de corpus documentais produzidos pelos missionários entre os anos de 1902 a 1952. O resultado da criação dessa escola foi a articulação de uma educação de perfil elementar para formar cidadãos cristãos. Todavia, se objetivou uma adequação do comportamento dos indígenas ao padrão cultural ocidental, o que ajudou na promoção da “pacificação”, na evacuação e na extinção de grupos indígenas araguaianos.
Al-Farabi’s philosophy of music “The Legality of Music”
Authors: Nurysheva Gulzhihan , Tercan Nurfer
Published: May 2021

This article's approach is to acquire Al Farabi's point of view on the philosophy of music. Under the heading of Farabi's music philosophy, we determine that music is not just about art and entertainment. For this reason, he carried the theme to a higher level in terms of science and philosophy with his proof method studies. First of all, we aimed to discover the traces of Farabi's inquiry method from his works. A philosopher and musician, Abu Nasr Al Farabi, wrote on the perfect city, logic, astronomy, linguistics, politics, mathematics, geometry, medicine, optic, philosophy, and music, known as the 'second teacher', the first being Aristotle. This investigation contributes to practical and theoretical music proposing formation in the context of correlation. From this perspective, a musical system's consistency level relies on a sense-perception, a method of relevant indications within other comparable and correlated systems. This inquiry analyzes correlations' modalities, exploring their general and particular attributes and their operational bounds. This article evaluated the description of meaning from one cognitive domain to another mental part, such as from mathematics to music or astronomy or psychology correlated with music science. Approaching music science with dimension and paradigm determined the requirement for detailed music research in science and measurement criteria. His book 'Ihsa', which describes the nature and enumeration of science in philosophy and science classification, was recognized in the Middle Ages. However, 'Musiqa' tops the list of Arab theoretical studies and has had a remarkable impact on later Arab music theory.
Stress of artists before a performance: a study based on materials from the Institute of Psychology at the University of Leipzig
Authors: Reschke Konrad , Berdibayeva Sveta , Abirov Murat
Published: May 2021

In the last decades the concept of resilience was described to characterize a person, who has higher stability to resist against negative threats of the environment. Purpose of the research: 1. To show key contributions from the Leipzig University’s Institute of Psychology for research on stress and. 2. To summarize some theoretical point of views for the further assessment and research of stress. Methods. Theoretical and methodological analysis of stress, logical and structural research method. Results. More dangerous and more harmful can be chronic stress. Stressors are objective and hinder people’s need fulfillment. Stress coping should have always two starting points, external and directed to the stressing environment: to be informed, to seek solutions to problems and to collect friends and technics to become able to act and internal: the feelings, excitement, to bring activism into self-control. Conclusions. Stress is only in this one way positive, because it’s possible to collect experiences in the coping process of stress and have new abilities to cope with stress. Stress – is a normal reaction even among artists. A stress-related paraclinical disorder is podium anxiety. Even a negative evaluation by other people can threaten the positive view of oneself and abilities – the self-esteem. Today, stress is a recognized risk factor for the development of diseases and many disorders. Stress is closely linked to negative performance parameters, operational errors and reduced performance. Stress mediates the biopsychosocial chain of causation between health and disease. Extreme forms of stress can be stressful for all people. However, many stressors are effective individually, resource-dependent, individual or populationspecific. The relation of stress and coping is essential for stressmanagement activities of humans. Resilience is generally viewed as a quality of character, personality, and coping ability which is a resource contra stress and can reduce the stress reactivity and sensitivity for stress. Our Research provides some guidelines for intervention, adaptation and prevention of stress.
ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОЦЕСС ТЕРМИЧЕСКОГО УПРОЧНЕНИЯ И ОЦЕНКА ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ТЕРМОУПРОЧНЕННОГО АРМАТУРНОГО ПРОКАТА В СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ
Authors: Джаксымбетова Макпал Адликановна
Published: May 2021

В связи с бурным развитием научно-технического прогресса в различных отраслях экономики все более высокие требования предъявляются к качеству металлургической продукции. Важное место среди мероприятий, улучшающих качество готовой металлургической продукции, принадлежит упрочняющей термической обработке. Благодаря повышению прочностных характеристик металла упрочняющая термическая обработка позволяет сократить удельный расход стали, увеличить срок службы изделий, надежность и долговечность деталей и узлов, что равносильно увеличению объема готовой металлопродукции. Наиболее перспективным способом упрочнения является закалка с прокатного нагрева, когда металл подвергается закалке сразу после выхода из чистовой клети прокатного стана. При этом используется остаточное тепло нагрева металла после горячей прокатки, т.е. термическая обработка совмещается с процессом горячей пластической деформации. Это обеспечивает термическому упрочнению с прокатного нагрева большие технические и экономические преимущества по сравнению с другими способами упрочняющей термической обработки.
Perceived and lived space in the modern city. A case study for Akadimia Platonos neighborhood, Athens, Greece
Authors:   National Technical University of Athens, Greece, LAMPROPOULOS Georgios , PHOTIS Yorgos , PIGAKI Maria ,   National Technical University of Athens, Greece
Published: May 2021

The main objective of this paper is to perform a spatial analysis of everyday life experiences by enriching a socio-spatial approach within the boundaries of Akadimia Platonos neighborhood, in the city of Athens. It investigates the convergences and divergences that are observed between two different manifestations of space, as they have been approached through Henri Lefebvre’s social theory of space, the perceived space and the lived space. Mainly, the designed-geometric space, enhanced with all those relationships programmed for social reproduction, creates an experience for its users. Does this lived experience, that is expected to be experienced, actually correspond to reality? In the methodological framework proposed, perceived space (as spatial practices) is examined through the space syntax analysis of the study area, while lived space (as representational spaces) is accessed through questionnaire interviews, which examine the space perception of residents, workers, visitors, passers-by, using it.
COMMUNITIES OF LECTURERS/TEACHERS IN MODERN EDUCATIONAL SPACE
Authors: Vasilevskaya Elena
Published: May 2021

Implementation of the concept of education throughout all life is connected not only with modernization of the contents, methodical providing and the organization of educational process, including introduction of information and communication technologies and innovative methods of training, with the strengthening of a role of individual and independent work of schoolchildren and students, but also to change of a role of teachers. Functioning and development of modern educational space in many respects depends on coordination of the actions of the scientific and pedagogical community. It should be noted especially an important and growing role of professional associations at virtual space. Development of the global Internet and wide use of information and communication technologies represent essentially other opportunities for the organization of educational networks. It is obvious that communities of teachers at the present stage have to be focused on the creation of an innovative platform for discussion and the analysis of future tendencies in educational space, for exchange of information, new ideas and for the establishment of professional contacts.
POLICY OF CHANGES IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING ENVIRONMENT: PRECONDITIONS FOR NEW TRENDS AND MANIFESTATION CONTEXTS
Authors: Neifachas Sergejus
Published: May 2021

The research deals with theoretical and methodological policy-making problems with regard to changes in the teaching and learning environment. In the conditions of the rapidly globalizing world and in the course of change processes in education the learners’ community encounters new challenges. Emerging trends of lifelong learning necessitate to conceptually rethink and theoretically ground goals and objectives of the policy of changes in the teaching and learning environment, arising to the system of education, draw new or revise guidelines of the strategy of its formation and implementation. Looking for new ways of formation and implementation of policy of changes in the teaching and learning environment, it is particularly important to fully perceive the context of its functioning, to adequately assess the type and scope of new objectives arising to it, and to reflect on contexts of manifestation of new trends in the teaching and learning policy. The article deals with issues of the policy of changes in the teaching and learning environment in two key aspects. First, it is aimed to disclose links between theoretical discourse and the current policy of the teaching and learning environment, demonstrating how the postmodern shift in education transforms the conceptual model of the teaching and learning environment. Second, it is sought to discuss the state of the current discourse on changes in the teaching and learning environment in Europe and Lithuania, analysing how various preconditions for changes function in the public domain of the educational policy and in the educational area, and the type and content of their manifestation. The shift of scientific thinking to the area of narration about change processes visualized the discursive narrative. This originates from the refusal of essentialist concepts of politics, which directly led to political deconstruction-reconstruction procedures of changes in the teaching and learning environment. Key words: discourse, policy of changes, contextual analysis, educational environment of teaching and learning, new trends, praxeology, educational policy.
CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING AT AN EARLY AGE: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS
Authors: Smajla Tilen
Published: May 2021

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) as an educational approach has a dual focus in which an additional language is used for the learning and teaching of both content and language (Coyle, Hood and Marsh, 2010, p. 1; Criado and Sánches, 2012). The research focuses on early foreign language learning (EFLL) through CLIL. A small scale research has been carried out in year three in an elementary school analysing parents’ perceptions and attitudes regarding EFLL, the implementation of the CLIL approach, and wellbeing in class. The results were obtained by administering an anonymous questionnaire to parents of children in the aforementioned class and showed a high appreciation of the CLIL approach, further, the parents deem EFLL as a very important factor for the future work and study of their off-spring. In addition, the research showed the appreciation of parents for the wellbeing of their offspring in a foreign language class. The latter is of great importance, since it significantly lowers anxiety levels and boosts the learning impact. Key words: CLIL, EFLL, young learners, parents’ attitudes and perceptions, wellbeing.
The Enigma of Health: Cultural, Health Political, and Philosophical Aspects
Authors: Dowie Al
Published: May 2021

Ethics, at its core, relates to our practices and their moral justification. The practice of medicine, by definition, takes place in a fundamentally ethical context. In ordinary circumstances the goals to which physicians direct their medical practices are held tacitly, but sometimes fresh examination of these is occasioned. This conceptual article considers a range of approaches that have been taken to the notion of health, ancient and modern, historical and contemporary, beginning with the socio-cultural, then the health political, and finally the medical philosophical. Although these are contrasting perspectives, each are bound up with questions of values and of the relation between the objective and subjective. The contrast is discussed between the idea of health as a positive and dynamic condition in terms of functional ability, and characterisations of health as purely the absence of disease. Finally, a typology of theories of health is proposed along ontological and epistemological lines.
The Value of Physical Examination in the Era of Telemedicine
Authors: Lee Phey Shen , Koo Sara , Panter Simon
Published: May 2021

Telemedicine use has expanded rapidly to cope with increasing demand on services by delivering remote clinical review and monitoring of long-term conditions. Triaging individual patients to determine their suitability for telephone, video or face-to-face consultations is necessary. This is crucial in the context of COVID-19 to ensure doctor-patient safety. Telemedicine was shown to be safe and feasible in managing certain chronic diseases and providing patient education. When reviewing newly referred or long-term patients, different specialty clinics have different requirements for physical examination. Clinicians prefer face-to-face consultations at the initial visit to establish a doctor-patient relationship; telephone or video consultations are reasonable options for long-term patients where physical examination may not be needed. Video consultations, often aided by sophisticated devices and apps or medical assistants, are useful to facilitate remote physical examination. Most patients prefer telemedicine as it saves time and travel cost and provides better access to appointments.
Practice and Power: The Rise and Disappearance of the franzosenärzte, or Doctors of the French Pox, in Nuremberg, 1495–1560
Authors: O'Brien Monica Catherine
Published: May 2021

During the late fifteenth century a new category of medical practitioner appeared in the German-speaking lands of the Holy Roman Empire: the Franzosenarzt or French pox doctor. Until now, there has been no dedicated study of these practitioners. Through an analysis of municipal records from Nuremberg (circa 1495 to 1560), this paper offers the first dedicated investigation of the Franzosenärzte in this city, focusing on uncovering their relationships with Nuremberg's civic and medical hierarchies. It demonstrates why the Franzosenärzte gained a footing within the city's municipal healthcare system, but remained subject to the suspicions of the civic and medical authorities. These suspicions, combined with a competitive medical marketplace and Nuremberg's economic difficulties, precipitated the disappearance of the Franzosenärzte from the city around 1557. Nevertheless, for a brief moment, the Franzosenärzte's practical expertise in treating the French pox unsettled Nuremberg's nascent medical hierarchy and the ambitions of the city's physicians.
Postural Assessment
Authors: Johnson Jane
Published: May 2021

Resource for massage therapists, physical therapists, physiotherapists, sports medicine physicians, and osteopaths in conducting detailed postural assessments; also valuable for students and professionals in athletic training or fitness professions.
Strap Taping for Sports and Rehabilitation
Authors: Keil Anne
Published: May 2021

Strap Taping for Sports and Rehabilitation presents taping techniques for use on all body areas in both physical therapy and modified athletic training. This easy-to-use reference contains 50 strap taping techniques with Leukotape that help support or control joint mobility and provide greater stability than other methods of taping. Though the text focuses on strap taping for physical therapy, it also includes a variety of sport-related taping and other techniques used in orthopedic rehabilitation. Many of these techniques can also be used or modified for use with neurological and pediatric patients or clients.

Each taping technique is shown step by step through the use of full-color photographs. In addition, an accompanying video collection provides detailed demonstrations of all tape applications. By referring to more than 200 photos and illustrations with video sequences, readers will experience a dynamic and detailed presentation for learning strap taping techniques.

Strap Taping for Sports and Rehabilitation follows a regional approach in presenting appropriate techniques for injuries and other conditions for the ankle and foot; the knee; the cervical, thoracic, and lumbopelvic area; the shoulder; and the elbow, wrist, and hand. The text includes a discussion of the types of tape currently used in treatment and rehabilitation of injuries and presents theories on effectiveness of taping. It also details taping precautions, supplies, and guidelines for application so that readers can be confident they are applying the appropriate taping methods to suit the needs of their patients, clients, and athletes. In addition to an explanation of taping techniques, the text includes photos and illustrations of anatomical references and landmarks. Readers will find reviews of functional range of motion, current evidence on the efficacy of taping, screening tools used in determining the appropriate technique, alternative bracing techniques, and case studies illustrating the benefits of effective taping.

Strap Taping for Sports and Rehabilitation is an excellent resource for both students and professionals in physical therapy, occupational therapy, and athletic training seeking guidance in the proper selection and effective application of strap taping techniques. With full-color photos and video sequences, Strap Taping for Sports and Rehabilitation and the accompanying video collection offer readers a dynamic way to learn and review a range of taping techniques used in treating sport and orthopedic injuries.
Developing a frugal information system to support very small enterprise business transactions
Authors:   , Khubisa Freedom Mthobisi
Published: May 2021

The research reported in this dissertation focuses on the development of a web-based frugal information system (frugal IS) that supports the financial management of very small enterprises (VSEs), with a special focus on their business transactions. In most developing countries, VSEs have some significant contributions at various socioeconomic objectives, such as fostering entrepreneurship and improving growth of employment. They represent an income opportunity to retrenched and retired entrepreneurs which is recognised to be crucial to the livelihood of many poor local households and local citizens. In addition, these enterprises have a remarkable role to play in the areas of employment and poverty alleviation. Despite this, the majority of VSEs in developing countries, especially those in rural regions are faced with miscellaneous issues and challenges, which could be ascribed to their resource scarcity. In particular, most VSEs are resource-constrained in terms of knowledge and information resources, financial resources and human resources. What also exacerbates their situation is the fact that the majority of VSEs are still ingrained in their traditional ways of running the business and they are unready to adopt new and innovative working methods. In particular, VSEs are still accustomed to manual paper-based systems which are monotonous, error-prone, highly fragmented and severely inefficient. Unfortunately, all this gravely challenges the growth and development of VSEs. In this dissertation, a concept of frugal innovation, precisely frugal IS, is applied to distinctively address specific and unique business needs of VEs in developing countries. A methodology that is employed in this research is called design science research methodology (DSRM). The DSRM helped to address the problem of VSEs through design, construction, utilization and evaluation of a web-based frugal IS prototype system. A novel system life cycle model that favours the notion of frugality was employed for the design and development of a web-based frugal IS. The evaluation of the prototype system and its design revealed quite interesting results. The design of a web-based frugal IS prototype system was characterized with low complexity which promoted reusability, maintainability and reliability. The evaluation of usability indicated that the system was fairly simple to use, reliable and effective in terms of managing financial information of VSEs. Based on the general findings of this research, the design and development of a web-based frugal IS for VSEs in developing countries promises to assist VSE owners to assess their profitability, improve their financial management, promote sound economic decisions and help them to avoid business failure.
Beef cattle methane emissions measured with tracer-ratio and inverse dispersion modelling techniques
Authors: Bai Mei , Velazco José I. , Coates Trevor W. , Phillips Frances A. , Flesch Thomas K. , Hill Julian , Mayer David G. , Tomkins Nigel W. , Hegarty Roger S. , Chen Deli
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The development and validation of management practices to
mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from livestock require accurate
emission measurements. This study assessed the accuracy of a practical
inverse dispersion modelling (IDM) technique to quantify methane (CH4)
emitted from a small cattle herd (16 animals) confined to a 63 m × 60 m
experimental pen. The IDM technique calculates emissions from the increase
in the CH4 concentration measured downwind of the animals. The measurements
were conducted for 7 d. Two types of open-path (OP) gas sensors were used
to measure concentration in the IDM calculation: a Fourier transform
infrared spectrometer (IDM-FTIR) or a CH4 laser (IDM-Laser). The actual
cattle emission rate was measured with a tracer-ratio technique using
nitrous oxide (N2O) as the tracer gas. We found very good agreement between the
two IDM emission estimates (308.1 ± 2.1 – mean ± SE – and 304.4 ± 8.0 g CH4 head−1 d−1 for the IDM-FTIR and IDM-Laser
respectively) and the tracer-ratio measurements (301.9 ± 1.5 g CH4 head−1 d−1). This study suggests that a practical IDM
measurement approach can provide an accurate method of estimating cattle
emissions.
Enhanced MOPITT data coverage through cloud detection improvement
Authors: Marey Heba S. , Drummond James R. , Jones Dylan B. A. , Worden Helen , Deeter Merritt N. , Gille John , Mao Debbie
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) satellite instrument has been measuring global tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) since March 2000, providing the longest nearly continuous record of CO from space. During its long mission the data processing algorithms have been updated to improve the quality of CO retrievals and the sensitivity to the lower troposphere. Currently, MOPITT retrievals are only performed for clear-sky observations or over low clouds for ocean scenes. Compared to all observed radiances, successful retrieval rates are about 30 % and 40 % between 90° S–90° N and 60° S–60° N, respectively. Spatial seasonal variations show that while MOPITT data coverage in some places reaches 30 % in summer, this number can drop to less than 10 % in winter due to significantly increased cloud cover. Therefore, we investigate the current MOPITT cloud detection algorithm and consider approaches to increase the data coverage. The MOPITT CO total column (TC) data were modified by turning off the cloud detection scheme to allow a CO retrieval result regardless of their cloud status. Analyses of the standard CO TC product (cloud filtered) and non-standard product (non-cloud masked) were conducted for selected days. Results showed some coherent structures that were observed frequently in the non-masked CO product that were not present in the standard product and could potentially be actual CO features. A corresponding analysis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) cloud height and cloud mask products along with MOPITT cloud flag descriptors was conducted in order to understand the cloud conditions present for these apparently physical CO features. Results show that a significant number of low cloud CO retrievals were rejected in the standard product. Those missing areas match the coherent patterns that were detected in the non-masked CO product. Many times, these structures were also seen in the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) CO TC product indicating actual CO plumes. Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) data on the Terra satellite were also employed for cloud height comparison with MODIS. Comparisons of MODIS and MISR cloud height data indicate remarkable agreement which is encouraging for the possibility of incorporating MODIS cloud height in the MOPITT cloud detection scheme. Statistics of the global assessment of the potential use of MODIS cloud height shows that MOPITT data increases significantly when cloud heights less than 2 km in height are incorporated in the retrievals. However quality indices should be defined and produced to ensure sufficient retrieval quality.
Digital Applications in Endodontics
Authors: KESKİN Cangül , KELEŞ Ali
Published: May 2021

The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the applications of digital dentistry technologies in endodontics, such as digital two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) imaging techniques, computer aided diagnosis (CAD) and improvement of artificial intelligence (AI) models, computer-controlled access cavity designs and 3-D printing applications. Advantages and disadvantages of these newly introduced technologies were discussed briefly with their indications. Apart from therapeutical or rehabilitative procedures, the use of digital technologies adapted for student training and research simulations were also presented.
ERCP-Related Bleeding
Authors: YILDIRIM Abdullah Emre
Published: May 2021

Clinically significant bleeding is an uncommon complication of diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. But the endoscopists needs to be skilled at prevention and management. Post ERCP bleeding is most often seen following sphincterotomy. The overall risk of bleeding in patients undergoing sphincterotomy is approximately 1-2 percent. Most bleeding episodes are mild to moderate in severity. The risk of bleeding can be minimized by identifying patients at risk, correcting coagulation abnormalities and careful technique by skilled endoscopists in high-volume centers. Post-sphincterotomy bleeding often stops spontaneously and is rarely life-threatening, except in patients with a bleeding diathesis. Most clinically relevant bleedings can be managed with medical treatment and/or endoscopic therapy, which should be performed without delay in patients who have immediate bleeding. Endoscopic therapy options include epinephrine injection, hemostatic clips, thermal therapy and placement of full covered self-expandable metal stents. Angiography or surgery is usually reserved for patients with refractory bleeding and is rarely required.