bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neurocognitive Assessment Tools for Military Personnel With Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Jones Chelsea , Harasym Jessica , Miguel-Cruz Antonio , Chisholm Shannon , Smith-MacDonald Lorraine , Brémault-Phillips Suzette
Published: January 2021

Background

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) occurs at a higher frequency among military personnel than among civilians. A common symptom of mTBIs is cognitive dysfunction. Health care professionals use neuropsychological assessments as part of a multidisciplinary and best practice approach for mTBI management. Such assessments support clinical diagnosis, symptom management, rehabilitation, and return-to-duty planning. Military health care organizations currently use computerized neurocognitive assessment tools (NCATs). NCATs and more traditional neuropsychological assessments present unique challenges in both clinical and military settings. Many research gaps remain regarding psychometric properties, usability, acceptance, feasibility, effectiveness, sensitivity, and utility of both types of assessments in military environments.

Objective

The aims of this study were to explore evidence regarding the use of NCATs among military personnel who have sustained mTBIs; evaluate the psychometric properties of the most commonly tested NCATs for this population; and synthesize the data to explore the range and extent of NCATs among this population, clinical recommendations for use, and knowledge gaps requiring future research.

Methods

Studies were identified using MEDLINE, Embase, American Psychological Association PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Psych Article, Scopus, and Military & Government Collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, thematic analysis, and the Randolph Criteria. Narrative synthesis and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guided the reporting of findings. The psychometric properties of NCATs were evaluated with specific criteria and summarized.

Results

Of the 104 papers, 33 met the inclusion criteria for this scoping review. Thematic analysis and NCAT psychometrics were reported and summarized.

Conclusions

When considering the psychometric properties of the most commonly used NCATs in military populations, these assessments have yet to demonstrate adequate validity, reliability, sensitivity, and clinical utility among military personnel with mTBIs. Additional research is needed to further validate NCATs within military populations, especially for those living outside of the United States and individuals experiencing other conditions known to adversely affect cognitive processing. Knowledge gaps remain, warranting further study of psychometric properties and the utility of baseline and normative testing for NCATs.
Technology Enabled Clinical Care (TECC): Protocol for a Prospective Longitudinal Cohort Study of Smartphone-Augmented Mental Health Treatment (Preprint)
Authors: Rauseo-Ricupero Natali , Torous John
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Even before COVID-19, there has been an urgent need to expand access to and quality of mental health care. This paper introduces an 8-week treatment protocol to realize that vision—Technology Enabled Clinical Care (TECC). TECC offers innovation in clinical assessment, monitoring, and interventions for mental health. TECC uses the mindLAMP app to enable digital phenotyping, clinical communication, and smartphone-based exercises that will augment in-person or telehealth virtual visits. TECC exposes participants to an array of evidence-based treatments (cognitive behavioral therapy, dialectical behavior therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy) introduced through clinical sessions and then practiced through interactive activities provided through a smartphone app called mindLAMP.

OBJECTIVE

TECC will test the feasibility of providing technology-enabled mental health care within an outpatient clinic; explore the practicality for providing this care to individuals with limited English proficiency; and track anxiety, depression, and mood symptoms for participants to measure the effectiveness of the TECC design.

METHODS

The TECC study will assess the acceptability and efficacy of this care model in 50 participants as compared to an age- and gender-matched cohort of patients presenting with similar clinical severity of depression, anxiety, or psychotic symptoms. Participants will be recruited from clinics in the Metro Boston area. Aspects of TECC will be conducted in both Spanish and English to ensure wide access to care for multiple populations.

RESULTS

The results of the TECC study will be used to support or adapt this model of care and create training resources to ensure its dissemination. The study results will be posted on ClinicalTrials.gov, with primary outcomes related to changes in mood, anxiety, and stress, and secondary outcomes related to engagement, alliance, and satisfaction.

CONCLUSIONS

TECC combines new digital mental health technology with updated clinical protocols and workflows designed to ensure patients can benefit from innovation in digital mental health. Supporting multiple languages, TECC is designed to ensure digital health equity and highlights how mobile health can bridge, not expand, gaps in care for underserved populations.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/23771
Association Between Smoking and SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Cross-sectional Study of the EPICOVID19 Internet-Based Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Prinelli Federica , Bianchi Fabrizio , Drago Gaspare , Ruggieri Silvia , Sojic Aleksandra , Jesuthasan Nithiya , Molinaro Sabrina , Bastiani Luca , Maggi Stefania , Noale Marianna , Galli Massimo , Giacomelli Andrea , Antonelli Incalzi Raffaele , Adorni Fulvio , Cibella Fabio ,   EPICOVID19 Working Group
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND

Several studies have reported a low prevalence of current smoking among hospitalized COVID-19 cases; however, no definitive conclusions can be drawn.

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the association of tobacco smoke exposure with nasopharyngeal swab (NPS) test results for SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity accounting for possible confounders.

METHODS

The nationwide, self-administered, cross-sectional web-based Italian National Epidemiological Survey on COVID-19 (EPICOVID19) was administered to an Italian population of 198,822 adult volunteers who filled in an online questionnaire between April 13 and June 2, 2020. For this study, we analyzed 6857 individuals with known NPS test results. The associations of smoking status and the dose-response relationship with a positive NPS test result and infection severity were calculated as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs by means of logistic and multinomial regression models adjusting for sociodemographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics.

RESULTS

Out of the 6857 individuals (mean age 47.9 years, SD 14.1; 4516/6857, 65.9% female), 63.2% (4334/6857) had never smoked, 21.3% (1463/6857) were former smokers, and 15.5% (1060/6857) were current smokers. Compared to nonsmokers, current smokers were younger, were more educated, were less affected by chronic diseases, reported COVID-19–like symptoms less frequently, were less frequently hospitalized, and less frequently tested positive for COVID-19. In multivariate analysis, current smokers had almost half the odds of a positive NPS test result (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.45-0.65) compared to nonsmokers. We also found a dose-dependent relationship with tobacco smoke: mild smokers (adjusted OR [aOR] 0.76, 95% CI 0.55-1.05), moderate smokers (aOR 0.56, 95% CI 0.42-0.73), and heavy smokers (aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.27-0.53). This inverse association also persisted when considering the severity of the infection. Current smokers had a statistically significantly lower probability of having asymptomatic (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.27-0.92), mild (aOR 0.65, 95% CI 0.53-0.81), and severe infections (aOR 0.27, 95% CI 0.17-0.42) compared to those who never smoked.

CONCLUSIONS

Current smoking was negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection with a dose-dependent relationship. Ad hoc experimental studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this association.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04471701; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04471701
Ningún lugar está lejos cuando se ama
Authors: Cobaleda Estepa Mónica Pilar
Published: January 2021

Este testimonio fue escrito bajo la premisa de compartir la experiencias de enseñanza en época de pandemia. En él se relata la vivencia en el trabajo en segundo grado de básica primaria, en una institución pública de la ciudad de Medellín-Colombia.
Educación a distancia. Primeros meses de pandemia
Authors: Ordóñez Velázquez Sergio
Published: January 2021

Reflexiones sobre los primeros meses de pandemia ante los cambios súbitos que nos orillaron a la implementación de métodos educativos de emergencia. Comparto mi frustración, pero también mi ilusión de un cambio, mi esperanza de que ni la distancia ni la pandemia nos vencerán.
Experiencias de la enseñanza en época de pandemia: la respuesta de los estudiantes
Authors: Flores González Laura Consuelo
Published: January 2021

En un inicio, la noticia sobre la pandemia generó entre los alumnos felicidad porque no tendrían que ir a la escuela, pero con el paso de los meses esa felicidad cambio por ansiedad y por un anhelo por regresar a un salón de clases.
JOYCEOV FINNEGANS WAKE I MCCARTHYJEV REMAINDER: KODIRANJE I JEZIČKO RASLOJAVANJE
Authors: Milišić Lamija
Published: January 2021

JOYCE’S FINNEGANS WAKE AND MCCARTHY’S REMAINDER: CODING
AND LANGUAGE STRATIFICATION

The purpose of this paper is to consider the terms “code” and “language stratification” by analysing James Joyce’s Finnegans Wake and Tom McCarthy’s Remainder. A
code is considered to be a transition from mimesis to meaning. The starting point of
the analysis is the genre of Finnegans Wake and Remainder, and the state of fictional characters in these literary works. The paper argues that the fictional characters
have a “rhetorically encrypted identity”, and furthermore considers methods with
which this identity develops, and their consequences. The paper also shows how
the technique of bricolage is used in Finnegans Wake and Remainder, and explains
the connection between bricolage and encryption. The last part of the analyses
explains the way in which Joyce’s and McCarthy’s texts use their literary language
to self-reflect about the code the texts are written in. The code thus stays within
the area of mimesis (and does not proceed to the area of meaning). This text also
proposes the idea of a literary text as performative, which consequently changes the
ontology of fictional characters in their respective literary works.
¿Qué hace falta para superar el clientelismo político? La crisis del clientelismo en Galicia (España)
Authors: Pantín Morado José Manuel
Published: January 2021

Este artículo trata de identificar las condiciones que producen el colapso de los partidos clientelares y explicar los mecanismos causales de su crisis. El material empírico original está recogido en Galicia (España), y consiste en cuatro estudios de caso sobre clientelismo político en ayuntamientos y en una Diputación provincial, acompañados de un caso de acción colectiva contra el cacique local. El artículo utiliza el análisis de mecanismos, rastreo de procesos y comparación de pocos casos. Cada uno de los estudio de caso describe un distrito electoral liderado por un patrón que coordina una red clientelar, distribuye favores a sus votantes, tiene grandes influencias en la máquina de partido y gana las elecciones.
Presentación de la sección monográfica “Consumo y modernización en la semiperiferia europea”
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Carlos J.
Published: January 2021

La sección monográfica que se presenta aquí tiene como tema de análisis la sociedad de consumo y, en concreto, la diversidad existente en los procesos históricos de construcción de dicha sociedad de consumo. El consumo es uno de los fenómenos sociales más relevantes en nuestra época, pues el acceso cada vez mayor de la población a la posibilidad de consumir representa uno de los elementos definitorios de la sociedad contemporánea: a lo largo de las últimas décadas, cada vez mayores capas de la población mundial han tenido un acceso creciente al consumo, lo que constata no solamente un indudable aumento del nivel de vida sino cambios de enorme calado en términos de estilos de vida (Alonso, 2004; Warde, 2017).
“La vida se ha vuelto más feliz, camaradas”: la construcción de la cultura del consumo soviética
Authors: Gronow Jukka , Zhuravlev Sergey
Published: January 2021

En este artículo, el objetivo es el de describir el origen y construcción de la cultura del consumo en la Unión Soviética, prestando atención particular a uno de sus ejemplos icónicos, como es la cultura alimentaria. Nuestro texto se dividirá en tres secciones. En la primera, haremos referencia a la peculiar y original construcción de la sociedad de consumo soviética, en pleno estalinismo. En la segunda, nos concentraremos en el espacio concreto del consumo alimentario, con referencia en particular a dos cuestiones: el desarrollo de los servicios de restauración y algunos de los bienes asociados a esta nueva cultura de consumo, como el champán. Finalmente, la última sección de conclusiones se hará una valoración crítica de esta peculiar forma de sociedad de consumo.
Generación, capital militante y activismo juvenil: los movimientos sociales desde dentro
Authors: Ballesté Isern Eduard , Sánchez García José
Published: January 2021

El concepto de generaciones de Mannheim, aplicado al estudio de los movimientos sociales españoles, permiten comprender las lecturas diferenciadas que se han dado sobre un evento concreto (el 15M). Dichas lecturas muestran las diferenciaciones que se viven dentro de los movimientos sociales post-15M entre agentes y grupos variados. En este trabajo, como estudio de caso se analizará la participación de jóvenes en la Plataforma de Afectados por las Hipotecas de Lleida para comprender sus maneras de entender el activismo político y la qué relación tienen con su generación y la constitución de unidades generacionales diferenciadas. A través de la realización de un estudio etnográfico (2014 a 2017), se han podido reconstruir los diferentes formatos históricos que ha tenido la PAH a partir de variables como las relaciones de poder internas, las acumulaciones diferenciadas de capital militante entre miembros y, por último y central en este trabajo, de las diferenciaciones generacionales. Como resultado se han distinguido dos formas de entender la política activista ‒reformista y rupturista‒ que conviven en el interior de la PAH y que, según cual de ellas tiene más poder, condicionan su funcionamiento interno y externo. Ambas posturas tienen una clara relación con las diferenciaciones generacionales de los participantes.
La juventud que sale de la crisis
Authors: Benedicto Jorge , Echaves Antonio , Jurado Teresa , Ramos María , Tejerina Benjamín
Published: January 2021

A partir de los resultados de una encuesta realizada en 2016 a una muestra de 5.002 jóvenes españoles entre 15 y 29 años, que da continuidad a una serie de informes cuatrienuales sobre la situación de la juventud, se intenta responder a la cuestión de qué sabemos del modus vivendi de la juventud española que sale de la crisis. En esta reflexión colectiva se profundiza en el impacto de la crisis sobre las condiciones laborales y el proceso de precarización de la juventud, el rol de la educación en situaciones excepcionales, la activación política de amplios sectores frente a la idea extendida de apatía y desinterés, la estabilidad de sus estilos de vida, el alto nivel de satisfacción con la vida y las perspectivas de futuro, a pesar del retraso en la emancipación residencial y los desajustes entre deseos y realidad.
The role of social movements in the ‘second incorporation’ of popular sectors in Bolivia and Argentina
Authors: Padoan Enrico
Published: January 2021

Latin American ‘Pink Tide’ has been functionally interpreted as a ‘second wave of incorporation’ of the popular sectors in the polity domain after their ‘disincorporation’ and/or exclusion by authoritarian regimes and/or neoliberal reforms. This contribution proposes a comparative analysis of the roles played by social movements in Bolivian and Argentinean “second incorporations”, by relying on fifty in-depth interviews with partisan and movement leaders in both countries, in order to assess the different characteristics and consequences of the processes of “second incorporation” in the two countries. The paper argues that the extent to which such actors provide an encompassing representation of ‘excluded sectors’ is key to understand how different forms of political incorporation shaped different ‘social blocs’ either supporting or contrasting progressive political projects in power, and eventually created the conditions, in the medium term, for the electoral rise of right-wing opponents.
Right-wing populism and the mainstreaming of protests: The case of Colombia
Authors: Díaz Pabón Fabio Andrés
Published: January 2021

Unlike other Latin American countries, Colombia has consistently been governed by centre-right or right-wing political parties. The absence of political space for the Left in this country allowed governments to portray protests as subversive and criminal. However, starting in 2008, right-wing politicians have embraced, supported and used the protest as a tactic; undertaking, calling for, and giving support to various protest movements across the country. This has had an unexpected consequence: right-wing parties, government institutions, and even some sectors within the security and armed forces now see protests as valid and normal. Drawing on a brief historical analysis of protest movements in Colombia since 1948, and particularly after 2002, this article argues that to understand the recent normalization of this form of political expression we should look at changes in the dynamics of competition within the Right.
La ampliación de políticas sociales bajo gobiernos de derecha y centro derecha en América Latina: hacia un marco analítico
Authors: Castiglioni Rossana
Published: January 2021

Desde mediados de los años 1990s, Latinoamérica exhibió una marcada ampliación de las políticas sociales. Aunque parte de la literatura atribuye a los gobiernos de izquierda dicha ampliación, ésta también tuvo lugar bajo gobiernos de derecha y centro-derecha. Este trabajo procura abrir el debate en torno a las políticas sociales de la derecha latinoamericana. El objetivo central es revisar las posibles causas de la ampliación de las políticas sociales y proponer un marco analítico que enfatiza la relevancia de la competencia electoral, la adaptación estratégica de los partidos y los cálculos costo-beneficio de mantener o expandir las políticas sociales.
Miguel A. Martínez, Squatters in The Capitalist City. Housing, Justice, and Urban Politics, New York and London: Routledge/ Taylor & Francis Group, 2020
Authors: González García Robert
Published: January 2021

El estudio de los okupas o del movimiento okupa ha ido ganando terreno en el campo de la Sociología y de las ciencias sociales en las últimas décadas. Y gracias en gran medida al autor de esta obra, Miguel A. Martínez, quien ha dedicado una gran parte de su carrera académica al estudio de este particular sujeto político de los movimientos sociales urbanos. De hecho, este libro contiene de forma sintética las principales aportaciones de este autor en los últimos 20 años de una brillante e itinerante trayectoria.
Образ советского Дальнего Востока в архитектуре региональных павильонов на сельскохозяйственных выставках в Москве (1923–1954)
Authors: Степанов Кирилл
Published: January 2021

С новым этапом в развитии Выставки достижений народ­ного хозяйства, наступившим после 2014 года, и повышенным интересом широкого круга исследователей к теме истории строительства и архитектуры главного выставочного комплекса страны, история развития архитектурно-планировочной ком­позиции павильонов, их архитектурных образов приобретает особенное значение. В статье рассматриваются изменения восприятия Дальнего Востока в контексте советской культуры 1920-х - начала 1950-х годов на примере вариантов павильона дальневосточного региона на крупнейших народнохозяй­ственных выставках в Москве 1923, 1937, 1939 и 1954 годов. На основе архивных документов, публикаций в печати, проектов и натурных фотографий исследуются особенности архитектур­но-планировочной композиции павильонов дальневосточного региона, генезиса их форм и архитектурных образов. Особая атмосфера общенациональных выставок, проходивших в Москве, порождалась не только потребностью демонстрации хозяйственных достижений, но и трансляцией достаточно легко считываемых культурных кодов, формировавших представле­ние населения о различных регионах своей молодой страны. В данном контексте пример павильона, представляющего слож­ный и самый отдалённый от столицы край, кажется особенно интересным с точки зрения тех изменений, которые произошли и в самом регионе, и в его восприятии архитекторами и худож­никами, работающими над образом павильона для ВСХВ, ВДНХ и предшествующих им выставок.
Санкт-Петербург как город-символ
Authors: Мазаев Григорий
Published: January 2021

В статье предложена версия о разработке Ж.-Б. Лебло- ном плана Санкт-Петербурга 1717 года как города-символа, выражающего сакральные идеи и символику «спекулятив­ного масонства» начала XVIII века. Версия основана на предположении о членстве в масонских ложах как Леблона, так и самого императора Петра I. Показана краткая исто­рия раннего «оперативного» масонства, развивавшегося в Европе начиная с X века и являвшегося объединения­ми-гильдиями строителей, к XVI веку давшего несколько направлений деятельности, в том числе «спекулятивного масонства» как моральной теории о строительстве идеаль­ного человеческого общества. Версия о членстве Петра I в масонской ложе шотландского обряда Андрея Первозван­ного подкреплена анализом архитектурных предпочтений Петра I, соответствующих традициям этой ложи. Пред­ложена версия деятельности Леблона в Санкт-Петербурге с точки зрения его вероятно членства в масонской ложе. Показано градостроительное воплощение в плане Санкт- Петербурга масонской символики и вероятного масонского статуса самого Петра I.
Выпускники Императорской академии художеств и Петербургского института гражданских инженеров - авторы харьковских зданий
Authors: Давидич Татьяна
Published: January 2021

В статье рассматриваются творческие биографии и основные постройки иногородних авторов харьковских зданий - выпускников Императорской академии художеств и Петербургского института гражданских инженеров (конец XIX века - 1930-е годы XX века).
Methodology of Strategic Planning For the Development of Educational Ecosystems
Authors: Permyakov O. E. , Kitin E. A.
Published: January 2021

The growing economic, social and digital inequality in the world, turbulence of economic and social processes lead to disorientation of educational organizations in development priorities. There are threats of stagnation and lag in the development of educational organizations, ineffective use of resources. The active development of ideas for sustainable development and the digital transformation of socio-economic relations induce educational organizations to revise long-term development programs. The study is aimed at solving the urgent problem of uncertainty in the strategic planning of the development of educational organizations in the context of digital transformation, socio-economic instability, challenges of the 21st century and new requirements for a specialist. The analysis of the studies showed that the professional community is actively discussing educational ecosystems of different types, based on the relationship between the participants and digital educational technologies. The methodology of strategic planning for the development of educational ecosystems presented in the work is considered as a complex of scientific methods: system analysis, classification, personality-oriented and ecosystem approaches. In the context of the concept of continuous, sustainable development, the educational ecosystem should be considered as a complex self-organizing, self-regulating and self-developing community — a group of people united by common interests, using common resources and a system of connections for learning and development. Using the example of the RANEPA North-West Institute of Management, it is shown that the use of the ecosystem approach for strategic development planning allows you to get the most complete and holistic view of the educational organization, its environment and role in the development of society. The methodology of strategic planning for the development of educational ecosystems allows: to create better models for the development than the generally accepted models of managing the educational process; develop an “ecosystem” strategy for the development of an educational organization; avoid costs and waste of resources in the context of digital transformation and dynamic changes in social relations.
Revitalisasi Nilai-nilai Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Menanggulangi Problematika Bullying Di Pesantren
Authors: Firdaus Jannatul , Aisyah Nur
Published: January 2021

Jenis Dewasa ini, pendidikan di Indoneia cenderung mendahulukan penguasaan aspek keilmuan dan kecerdasan, akan tetapi sering mengabaikan perilaku dan akhlak anak didik. Pengetahuan tentang akhlak moral yang didapatkan dalam pendidikan agama islam di sekolah atau di pesantren saat ini semakin diketepikan. Sebagian orang mulai tidak memperhatikan lagi bahwa pendidikan agama islam tersebut berdampak pada perilaku seseorang. Contohnya, Maraknya perilaku bullying atau perundungan yang terjadi disekolah bahkan mulai banyak terjadi di pesantren mulai dihawatirkan oleh banyak pihak terutama orang tua dan para pendidik. hal tersebut karena pesantren harusnya menjadi tempat utama dalam pembentukan karakter dan akhlak para penerus bangsa. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi penggiatan kembali nilai-nilai pendidikan agama islam dalam mengatasi masalah bulliying di pesantren. Memandang Pesantren diasosiasikan dengan lembaga pendidikan yang mengajarkan nilai-nilai kebajikan, perilaku positif, dan muatan religiusitas yang kuat, maka dari itu dikhawatirkan masalah bulliying berdampak negatif pada perkembangan mental dan moral para santri.
The influence of family board involvement on earnings management
Authors: Franzoi Fabio , Mietzner Mark , Thelemann Franziska
Published: January 2021

This study explores the influence of family ownership and family board involvement on earnings management in German-listed firms. We extend existing research by applying a more precise measurement of family involvement that offers new insights into a family’s effect on earnings management behaviour. Our models suggest that the degree of management involvement of families is a significant driver of earnings management, a factor disregarded so far in the literature. Furthermore, the distinction between founding family and family ownership should be carefully considered. Employing a sample of 278 firms from 2000-2013, we find that greater family management presence on the executive board is associated with more earnings-decreasing accrual-based earnings management practices and more real earnings management activities via discretionary expenses. This is viewed as less value-destroying REM activity to meet earning targets. Overall, German family firms seem to use their powerful positions as shareholders and executive board members to expropriate shareholders and manage earnings to meet targets while maintaining family wealth
Quantum Phases and Chern-Simons Geometrics for the generation of a ligand targeting COVID-19-SARS-COV-2 SPIKE D614G binding sites.
Authors: Grigoriadis Ioannis
Published: January 2021

SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the viral spike (S) encoding a
SARS-COV-2 SPIKE D614G mutation protein predominate over time in locales
revealing the dynamic aspects of its key viral processes where it is
found, implying that this change enhances viral transmission. It has
also been observed that retroviruses infected ACE2-expressing cells
pseudotyped with SG614 that is presently affecting a growing number of
countries markedly more efficiently than those with SD614. The
availability of newer powerful computational resources, molecular
modeling techniques, and cheminformatics quality data have made it
feasible to generate reliable algebraic calculations to design new
chemical entities, merging chemicals, recoring natural products, and a
lot of other substances fuelling further development and growth of this
AI-quantum based drug design field to balance the trade-off between the
structural complexity and the quality of such biophysics predictions
that cannot be obtained by any other method. In this paper, we strongly
combine topology geometric methods targeting at the atomistic level the
protein apparatus of the SARS-COV-2 virus that are simple in machine
learning anti-viral characteristics, to propose computer-aided rational
drug design strategies efficient in computing docking usage, and
powerful enough to achieve very high accuracy levels for this in-silico
effort for the generation of the AI-Quantum designed molecule the
RoccustyrnaTM small molecule, a multi-targeting druggable scaffold
(1S,2R,3S)‐2‐({[(1S,2S,4S,5R)‐4‐ethenyl‐4‐sulfonylbicyclo[3.2.0]heptan‐2‐yl]oxy}amino)‐3‐[(2R,5R)‐5‐(2‐methyl‐6‐methylidene‐6,9‐dihydro‐3H‐purin‐9‐yl)‐3‐methylideneoxolan‐2‐yl]phosphirane‐1‐carbonitrile
targeting the COVID-19-SARS-COV-2 SPIKE D614G mutation using
Chern-Simons Topology Euclidean Geometric in a Lindenbaum-Tarski
generated QSAR automating modeling and Artificial Intelligence-Driven
Predictive Neural Networks.
Evaluation of the PRE-DELIRIC (PREdiction of DELIRium in ICu patients) delirium prediction model in intensive care units in Turkey
Authors: Sayılan Samet , Ozen Volkan , Tosun Betul , SAYILAN Aylin AYDIN , Ozen Nurten
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This methodological study was aimed to the Turkish adaptation
and validation of the “PRE-DELIRIC Score” delirium prediction model in
patients hospitalized in the ICU. Method: The study was conducted with
patients who were treated in the ICUs of a training and research
hospital between October 2019 and April 2020. The data were collected
with (1) the Data Collection Form for the Descriptive Characteristics of
the Subjects, (2) the PRE-DELIRIC Score, and (3) the Confusion
Assessment Method for the ICU (CAM-ICU). The ROC analysis and diagnosis
screening tests were used to determine the cut-off point according to
the groups. The sensitivity and specificity characteristic of the score
were calculated. Significance was evaluated at the p<0.05
level. Results: The study was completed with 172 patients. A
statistically significant relationship was found between the cut-off
point obtained for the PRE-DELIRIC Score (≥7.58%) and the groups (p=
0.003). The risk of being CAM-ICU positive was 7.404 times higher in
patients with a PRE-DELIRIC Score of 7.58 or more (OR:7.404; 95%
CI:1.638-33.469). Conclusion: The PRE-DELIRIC Score was evaluated in
this study and the PRE-DELIRIC Score was found to be easy to administer
with reliable results.
Evaluation Of Laryngeal Vascular Changes With Image1 S Enhancement System In Reference To The European Laryngological Society Guideline
Authors: Yıldırım Sibel , Küçük Tarık , Büyükatalay Zahide , Gökmen Muhammet , GOKCAN MUSTAFA KURSAT , Dursun Gürsel
Published: January 2021

Objectives: To assess the feasibility of using Image1 S™ endoscopic
enhancement system for discrimination of the vascular patterns in
laryngeal lesions. Design: Forty patients presenting with benign,
dysplastic and malign laryngeal lesions were examined with Image1 S
system. The vascular patterns were classified by a group of the authors/
according to the ELS guideline, as perpendicular or longitudinal, in all
lesions. Endoscopic images of the vascular patterns are evaluated
through an online survey by a group of otolaryngologists with different
levels of clinical expertise. The qualitative evaluation of the vascular
patterns in two groups were compared to investigate the consistency. The
relationship between the vascular patterns and the pathological results
was statistically analyzed. Results: Eleven patient presented with
benign, 13 patients with dysplastic and 16 patients with malignant
pathology. The vascular patterns were longitudinal in 9 lesions,
perpendicular in 28 lesions and undetectable in 3 lesions. The relevance
between the vascularization pattern and the pathological diagnosis was
found to be significant (χ2= 20.30, p < 0,001). The
qualitative evaluation of the vascular patterns by the two groups of
observers was significantly close to each other (=0.63). The survey also
showed that spectral modes producing high contrast images were preferred
by 81,9% of the participants over white light images. Conclusion: This
study demonstrated the usefulness and feasibility of Image1 S endoscopic
enhancement system to predict the diagnosis from vascular changes in
laryngeal lesions.
Molecular docking study on biomolecules isolated from endophytic fungi
Authors: Ignjatovic Janko , Djajic Nevena , Krmar Jovana , Protic Ana , Strukelj Borut , Otasevic Biljana
Published: January 2021

Recently, growing interest has been devoted to the investigation of compounds with antimicrobial activity due to rising cases of resistance of microbes to known therapies. A reliable and versatile source of novel drug discovery was recently found among endophytic fungi. Hitherto, the research usually enclosed the in vitro evaluation of antimicrobial activity and chemical structure elucidation of biomolecules extracted from fungal material. Therefore, this research was designed as an extension to previous investigations of endophytic fungi growing on conifer needles by means of conducting a molecular docking study. The in silico methods were used with the main goal to make a contribution to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interaction of biomolecules isolated from fungus Phomopsis species and eight different types of receptors that belong to usually multidrug resistant bacterial pathogens. The results revealed valuable interactions with receptors 3G7B (Staphylococcus aureus?s gyrase B), 1F0K (1.9 ? structure of Escherichia coli?s transferase) and 1SHV (Klebsiella pneumoniae?s SHV-1 ?-lactamase) thus pointing out the receptors that trigger antibiotic response upon activation by the most potent compounds 325-3, 325-5, phomoenamide and phomol. These findings also recommended further discovery of novel potent and broadspectrum antibiotics based on the structure of selected molecules.
Was the later emperor Nikephoros Botaneiates the dux of Branicevo and Nis in the 1050s?
Authors: Wassiliou-Seibt Alexandra-Kyriaki
Published: January 2021

The mystery concerning a seal type erroneously interpreted in the past, could
be solved with the help of a new parallel piece. The legend presents
Nikephoros Botaneiates (who later became emperor) as magistros, bestes,
bestarches , and doux of Nisos and Edesos for the middle of the 11th century
(surely before 1061). This is the earliest mention of Nisos? upgrading from
a strategis to a doukate (because of increasing difficulties with the
kingdom of Hungary, the Pechenegs, and the archon of Diokleia). It is
impossible to identify Edesos with one of the known toponyms of Edessa. We
prefer to interpret Edesos as an (ephemeral?) Greek name of Branichevo (or
esp. of its fortress). This town was the center of the northern part of the
doukate of Nish, which reached till the Danube, and was of enormous
strategic value. Two more seals mention Edesos as the seat of a topoteretes
(the deputy commander of the doux) and of a metropolitan (perhaps of
southern Hungary, during a period when Branichevo belonged to this kingdom).
Finally some others seals from the region of Morava and Branichevo are
discussed to illuminate the historical importance of this territory during
the 11th and 12th centuries.
Gennadios Scholarios and the Church of the Holy Apostles
Authors: Melvani Nicholas
Published: January 2021

The article tests the established view that Gennadios Scholarios, the first
patriarch of Constantinople after the 1453 Conquest, used the church of the
Holy Apostles in Constantinople as the seat of the Patriarchate for a few
months in 1454 before moving to the building complex of the Pammakaristos
monastery. After pointing out that all the sources that narrate the story of
the installation of the Patriarchate in the famous Byzantine church date
from the 16th century or later, the author examines sources contemporary
with the events, including texts written by Scholarios himself. The aim of
the article is to show that Scholarios officiated occasionally in the Holy
Apostles and managed to salvage some of the relics it once held, but this
does not mean that the church functioned as the official seat of the
Patriarchate of Constantinople.
How to Reduce the Cybersecurity Breach Contagion Effect
Authors: Kelton Andrea Seaton
Published: January 2021

This article discusses a recent study titled “Do voluntary disclosures mitigate the cybersecurity beach contagion effect?” (Kelton and Pennington 2020). The study finds voluntary cybersecurity disclosures can provide firms protection from contagion effects, a phenomenon where the negative impact of a cybersecurity breach at an industry peer firm spills over to other bystander firms in the same industry. This article offers practical implications of the study for financial reporting executives, boards of directors, and auditors.
Mitigating Advocacy Bias: The Effect of the Reviewer Role on Tax Professional Judgment
Authors: Marshall Mary E.
Published: January 2021

This study examines the effect of the reviewer role on tax professionals' advocacy bias. Prior research establishes the prevalence of advocacy bias and focuses on whether reviewers can detect preparers' advocacy bias; however, this study examines whether the reviewer role influences tax professionals' judgment and decision-making processes. In an experiment randomly assigning 75 tax professionals to the reviewer and preparer roles, I find professionals who occupy the reviewer role report similar advocacy attitudes to preparers but are significantly less likely to exhibit advocacy bias than preparers. Reviewers also employ a more consistent decision process than those in a preparer role. Results highlight the reviewer role as a moderator of advocacy bias, demonstrating the importance of the reviewer role for firms and clients. Understanding the effects of review responsibilities on professionals at all levels is increasingly important as firms leverage emerging technology to complete tasks traditionally assigned to less experienced professionals.
Tax Return Analysis in a Fraud Examination: The Case of the Bankruptcy Auditor
Authors: O'Bryan David W. , Quirin Jeffrey J. , Goedeke Mary Jo
Published: January 2021

The tax return is often a key piece of evidence in a forensic accounting engagement. Forensic accounting students need to understand what a tax return can tell its reader about the taxpayer. This case is designed for an introductory or advanced course in fraud examination or forensic accounting. Students are placed in the hypothetical role of a person beginning a job as a bankruptcy auditor with the United States Trustee Program. The bankruptcy auditor must utilize two consecutive years of tax returns to determine the primary sources of income and assets for the debtor. Information from the tax returns will be compared to the bankruptcy petition to identify red flags that could indicate the debtor has committed fraud or abuse of the bankruptcy process. Successful completion of this case requires students to integrate skills from auditing, taxation, business law, and forensic accounting and communicate findings in a written report.
The Association between Board Composition, Board Governance, and Charity Care Provided by Nonprofit Hospitals
Authors: Ragland Linda G. , Plante Catherine A.
Published: January 2021

In this study, we examine the association between board composition, board governance, and charity care provided by nonprofit hospitals. Using tax return data, we first investigate whether the composition of nonprofit hospital boards is associated with governing decisions related to patients' eligibility for charity care. Then, we examine whether these decisions are associated with the amount of charity care provided. These research questions are motivated by legislators' and regulators' interest in understanding how nonprofit hospitals behave in terms of charitable missions (Kennedy, Burney, Troyer, and Stroup 2010). Overall, we find percentage of doctors on the board is associated with decisions affecting patients' eligibility for free care. Related, we find that percentage of healthcare administrators on the board is associated with decisions affecting patients' eligibility for free and discounted care. We also find that governing decisions related to patients' eligibility for free and discounted care are associated with charity care provided.

Data Availability: Data used in this study are available from the authors upon request.
Epidemiology and Molecular Biology of Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Sammour Tarik , Rodriguez-Bigas Miguel A
Published: January 2021

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related death in the United States. Nonmodifiable risk factors include age, male sex, African-American ethnicity, and personal or family history of CRC or polyps (especially if these were diagnosed at a younger age), inflammatory bowel disease, or diabetes. Modifiable risk factors include poor physical activity; obesity; high consumption of red meats, processed meats, or alcohol; low total dietary intake of fiber, folate, fruits, or vegetables; and smoking tobacco. There have been several advances in diagnostic techniques, which, when combined with newly discovered genetic pathways, contribute to an expanding knowledge on which to base treatment. There are three known major molecular pathways of CRC carcinogenesis: the chromosomal instability pathway, the microsatellite instability pathway, and the serrated carcinoma pathway. Approximately 5% of all CRC cases will have a specific known genetic mutation associated with a well-characterized familial cancer syndrome with defined features. These syndromes are important to recognize distinctly as their identification facilitates surveillance and management with the aim of prevention, prophylaxis, and surgical cure.

This review contains 2 figures, 3 tables and 50 references. 
Key words: colon cancer, colorectal cancer, familial, familial adenomatous polyposis, Lynch syndrome, microsatellite, polyp, polyposis, rectal cancer, serrated
Endoscopic Management of Polyps and Early Malignancy
Authors: Mahmud Nadim , Berzin Tyler
Published: January 2021

Gastrointestinal endoscopy plays a critical role in the detection, diagnosis, and management of premalignant and malignant conditions. Because of the diversity of polypoid and nonpolypoid abnormalities that may be encountered throughout the gastrointestinal tract, the modern endoscopist must be keenly aware of the differential diagnosis of these lesions, the appropriateness of biopsy or resection, and the subsequent management based on pathology or staging information. A variety of tissue sampling and resection techniques have been developed for this purpose, including forceps biopsy, snare polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection, and endoscopic submucosal dissection. Depending on the lesion encountered, these techniques may be both diagnostic and therapeutic. Here we review the endoscopic management of premalignant polyps and early malignancy that may be encountered at different locations in the gastrointestinal tract.
 This review contains 17 figures, 5 tables and 47 references
Key words: ablation, adenocarcinoma, adenoma, Barrett esophagus, biopsy, endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, forceps, polypectomy, snare
Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Haynes Susan E. , Bartlett Heather L. , Mahoney Larry T. , Skorton David J
Published: January 2021

Congenital diseases of the heart and vasculature are the most common birth defects, occurring in approximately eight per 1,000 live births. Some patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs) have a high quality of life for many years due to progress in medical and surgical management made in recent decades. This relatively high incidence, coupled with improved management, has resulted in a large adult population of patients with congenital heart disease. This chapter reviews the CHDs most likely to be encountered in adult patients, including atrial septal defects, atrioventricular septal defects, ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, bicuspid aortic valve, pulmonic stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, persistent left superior vena cava, tetralogy of Fallot, dextro-transposition of the great arteries, the univentricular heart, Ebstein anomaly of the tricuspid valve, and Eisenmenger syndrome. Also discussed are women’s health issues, such as contraception, risk of pregnancy to the mother with CHD and risk to their offspring. Tables list recommendations for pulmonary valve replacement in repaired tetralogy of Fallot, conditions in which pregnancy risk is contraindicated, and cardiac indications for fetal echocardiography. Figures include illustrations of atrial septal defects, the atrioventricular septum, ventricular septal defects, systemic artery–to–pulmonary artery shunts, and stages in the repair of functional single ventricles; an angiogram of a persistent left superior vena cava; and computed tomographic images of atrial switch palliation of transposition of the great arteries and multiple baffle obstructions, a magnetic resonance image of a repaired tetralogy of Fallot and long-standing pulmonary valve insufficiency, and echocardiograms of a patient with Ebstein anomaly.
This review contains 9 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 44 references.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Croft Chasen A , Moore Frederick
Published: January 2021

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common and potentially life-threatening emergency. Despite significant advances in intensive care resuscitation, medical treatment of gastric acid hypersecretion, and progress in endoscopic and surgical management, mortality from upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage has remained steady over the past four decades. One of the major challenges of managing UGIB involves identifying patients who are at high risk for rebleeding and death and who require admission to the intensive care unit. Regardless of the cause, initial evaluation of patients with UGIB is based on the degree of hemodynamic instability and the presumed rate of bleeding. Those patients with evidence of active bleeding and hemodynamic instability require aggressive resuscitation and hospitalization. Although diagnostic imaging may be useful in identifying the source of bleeding, endoscopy remains the “gold standard” diagnostic and therapeutic modality. Recent advances in transcatheter angiographic embolization have made this modality an attractive alternative to surgical intervention in patients who fail endoscopic management. However, in the hemodynamically unstable patient, surgical intervention is often necessary. In this review, we describe the most common causes of acute UGIB and detail the initial workup and management of each cause. 
This review contains 6 figures, 3 tables, and 71 references.
Key words: acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, angiographic embolization, Billroth, Dieulafoy, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, peptic ulcer disease, scintigraphy, varices