bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cultural Politics of Twentieth-Century Spanish Theater
Authors: Kasten Carey
Published: February 2025

The Cultural Politics of Twentieth-Century Spanish Theater argues that twentieth-century artists used the Golden Age Eucharist plays called autos sacramentales to reassess the way politics and the arts interact in the Spanish nation’s past and present, and to posit new ideas for future relations between the state and the national culture industry. The book traces the phenomenon of the twentieth-century auto to show how theater practitioners revisited this national genre to manifest different, oftentimes opposing, ideological and aesthetic agendas. It follows the auto from the avant-garde stagings and rewritings of the form in the early twentieth century, to the Francoist productions by the Teatro Nacional de la Falange, to postmodern parodies of the form in the era following Franco’s death to demonstrate how twentieth-century Spanish dramatists use the auto in their reassessment of the nation’s political and artistic past, and as a way of envisioning its future.
Writing Teresa
Authors: DuPont Denise
Published: February 2025

Writing Teresa: The Saint from Ávila at the fin-de-siglo examines the Teresa de Jesús “boom” of roughly 1880–1930, and offers an in-depth study of five major Spanish participants in the turn-of-the-twentieth-century explosion of literary treatments of St. Teresa. This historical period’s interest in the Saint from Ávila relates to popularization and nationalization of aspects of Catholicism, technological advances, a modernist fascination with saintly heroes, the search for new Spanish identities, and the evolving role of women writers and intellectuals. Teresa was mysticism in its historical context, energy in a time of doubt, the possibility of reconciling science and spirituality, a new vision for writing, and a maternal figure linked to the religion of the past for those who had lost the faith of their childhood.
The Irish Fairy Tale
Authors: Carrassi Vito
Published: February 2025

Beginning with a critical reappraisal of the notion of “fairy tale” and extending it to include categories and genres which are in common usage in folklore and in literary studies, this book throws light on the general processes involved in storytelling. It illuminates the fundamental ways in which a culture is formed, while highlighting important features of the Irish narrative tradition, in all its wealth and variety and in its connections with the mythical and historical events of Ireland. The Irish Fairy Tale argues that the fairy tale is a kind of “neutral zone,” a place of transition as well as a meeting place for popular beliefs and individual creativity, oral tradition and literary works, historical sources and imaginary reconstructions, and for contrasting and converging views of the world, which altogether allow for a deeper and more sophisticated understanding of reality. The book focuses on stories by Yeats and Stephens, whose approach to the subject marks the culmination of a long tradition of attempts at linking past and present and of bridging the gap between what appear to be contradictory facets of a single culture. This leads to a comparative study of Joyce’s Dubliners, which illustrates the universal and exemplary nature of the notion of fairy tale put forward in the work.
The Theater of Terrence Mcnally
Authors: Frontain Raymond-Jean
Published: February 2025

Terrence McNally’s canon of plays, books for musicals and opera libretti possesses such a breadth of subject matter and diversity of dramatic modes that critics have had difficulty assessing his accomplishment. This book is the first critical study to identify the four major stages of McNally’s development in terms of his understanding of how theater helps the modern person trapped in a seemingly profane existence to find a gateway to the transcendent. Drawing upon such diverse religious thinkers as Martin Buber, Mircea Eliade, Ilia Delio and Carter Heyward, Frontain analyzes the evolution of McNally’s understanding of grace, not as a gift bestowed by an all-powerful deity upon a desperate soul, but as the unwarranted—and, thus, all the more unusual—“act of devotion” (McNally’s phrase) that one person performs for another. By seeking to foment community, most importantly at the height of the AIDS pandemic, McNally’s theater itself proves to be a channel of grace. McNally’s greatest success is shown to be the creation of a theater of empathy and compassion in contradistinction to Artaud’s “theater of cruelty” and Albee’s Americanization of the theater of the absurd.
Enhancing Mathematics Education through Flipped Classroom Approaches: Insights and Best Practices
Authors: Egara Felix , Mosimege Mogege , Mosia Moeketsi
Published: February 2025

Mathematics education plays a pivotal role in the development of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) competencies, yet traditional instructional methods often fail to fully engage students or accommodate diverse learning styles. This chapter explores the potential of flipped classroom approaches to revolutionize mathematics education, offering insights and best practices for educators. A systematic literature review was conducted to analyze studies on the effectiveness of flipped classrooms in enhancing mathematics education among secondary school learners. The review included empirical studies that reported on implementation strategies, challenges, and outcomes of flipped classrooms in various educational contexts. Drawing on theoretical frameworks and practical examples, this chapter examines the benefits of flipped classrooms in fostering conceptual understanding, problem-solving skills, and student engagement. Through case studies and implementation strategies, educators will gain valuable insights into designing and implementing effective flipped classroom experiences. By embracing innovative pedagogies, such as flipped classrooms, educators can enhance mathematics education and empower students to excel in the dynamic world of STEM.
Professional and Emotional Challenges Nurses Experience while Caring for Brain-Dead Donors
Authors: Meyer Anja , Walabh Priya
Published: February 2025

The research explores the professional and emotional challenges faced by nurses caring for brain-dead donors in South Africa. It highlights the importance of nurses in identifying organ donors and how their attitudes influence families’ decisions on organ donation. Nurses experience mixed emotions, including sadness and hopelessness, anxiety, and fear, while caring for organ donors. It also mentions the cultural and religious barriers in South Africa regarding organ donation. The content covers the concepts of organ donation as the gift of life, the role of nurses in providing care, the challenges faced by nurses, and recommendations to improve the care provided to potential organ donors. Themes include the emotional experiences of nurses, mechanical care provided to donors, and continuous care provided to families. Overall, the chapter underlines the importance of education, assistance, and knowledge for nurses caring for potential organ donors. It recommends implementing training programs, support networks, and cultural sensitivity initiatives to improve the care provided and increase organ donation rates. The findings underscore the importance of embracing the notion that “every donor counts” to bridge the gap and save lives.
Graves’ Disease: Novel Diagnostic Approaches and Emerging Treatment Options
Authors: Agrawal Ruchi , Ahmad Shahnaz
Published: February 2025

The fundamental pathophysiology of Graves’ hyperthyroidism involves the activation of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor [TSHR] by autoantibodies, resulting in excessive thyroid hormone secretion independent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid [HPT] axis and consequently leading to the clinical symptoms and signs of hyperthyroidism. Graves’ hyperthyroidism has been linked with significant morbidity and reduced quality of life. Over the past 70 years, the treatment options for Graves’ hyperthyroidism have remained unchanged and include antithyroid medications, radioiodine ablation, and surgery. Antithyroid drugs [ATDs] lack long-term efficacy, while treatment with radioiodine therapy and surgical intervention is associated with increased morbidity and a lifelong need for thyroxine replacement. Moreover, no treatments have been developed to target the fundamental immunopathogenesis of the disease until now. The increasing need for effective treatments has driven the investigation of novel therapeutic strategies for Graves’ hyperthyroidism. Current therapies under investigation include biologics, small molecules, peptide immunomodulation, and TSHR-specific treatment modalities. These emerging therapies offer new hope in the management of Graves’ hyperthyroidism, potentially surpassing the currently available treatments. In the near future, these therapies may become the first line of management. This chapter explores the diagnostic and therapeutic advancements in Graves’ hyperthyroidism.
Abdominoplasty Surgical Techniques
Authors: Sohn Andrew , Gutierrez de Pineres Sebastian
Published: February 2025

This chapter offers a comprehensive exploration of abdominoplasty, focusing on the various types of techniques and the critical criteria for patient selection. It emphasizes the factors that influence the choice of surgical approach, ensuring optimal outcomes for different patient profiles. A detailed examination of abdominal anatomy is provided, as understanding this anatomy is essential for safe and effective surgical intervention and satisfactory outcomes. The chapter categorizes different abdominoplasty techniques, including the traditional approach, reverse abdominoplasty, high lateral tension, Fleur de Lis, and corset body lift. It details the specific indications, markings, surgical steps, and potential complications for each approach. Finally, the authors address comprehensive postoperative care guidelines to enhance recovery and minimize risks. Through this multifaceted discussion, the aim is to equip cosmetic and plastic surgeons with the knowledge needed to make informed decisions in the field of abdominoplasty.
Human Factors and Prevention of Medical Errors
Authors: Jalali Mahdi
Published: February 2025

Medical errors are a significant concern in healthcare systems, often resulting from complex human factors. This chapter explores the role of human factors in the occurrence of medical errors, with an emphasis on occupational safety and health perspectives that are pertinent to healthcare professionals. By analyzing cognitive, physical, and environmental interactions, we can better understand how these factors lead to errors in healthcare settings. Key frameworks, including the Swiss Cheese Model, Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS), and the Systems Engineering Initiative for Patient Safety (SEIPS), are evaluated for their utility in mitigating these risks. This chapter provides updated insights and practical recommendations for improving safety in healthcare through enhanced communication, standardized procedures, and targeted training initiatives. The findings underscore the critical need for integrating human factors into healthcare systems to enhance safety and reduce preventable harm, particularly from an occupational health perspective.
Experimental Characterization and Data Analysis of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) with Microenvironment Dominated by Electrode Approaching Velocity Based on Wavelet Neural Network
Authors: Meng Yang , Ruan Fangming , Lyu Yan , Chen Ze , Qu Dandan , Zhang Kun
Published: February 2025

The microenvironment dominated by the electrode approaching velocity can be defined as the micro-gap ESD model. Micro-gap ESD is a time-domain continuous process, and the electrode approach velocity critically influences the characteristic discharge parameters. Based on two sub-processes, field electron emission and Townsend gas discharge, the experimental characteristic parameters are analyzed in time frequency. Wavelet neural network algorithm is also used to analyze and predict the discharge results. Remarkable variation appeared in discharge parameters of discharge current peak values, current derivative peak values, and arc length due to electrode approach velocity change in experimental measurement results of micro-gap electrostatic discharge. The higher the velocity, the larger the variation of discharge parameters. Threshold phenomenon emerged for discharge parameters variation with charge voltage due to electrode moving to the target at various velocities. For micro-gap ranging in 80–300 micrometers, electrode moving velocity enhanced the sub-process of electron surface emission. The approaching velocity is an important input index, and the wavelet neural network algorithm is used to analyze and predict the output results. The characteristics measured in the real experiment were compared with the prediction parameters from the wavelet neural network calculation result. According to the prediction data, a discussion was conducted on correctness accuracy and the discharge process trend analysis. Nonlinearity and discreteness are the main characteristics of discharge parameters.
SS-OCT Enhances the Diagnosis and Treatment of Anterior Segment Diseases
Authors: Chai Feiyan , Wang Xiaogang
Published: February 2025

Swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) is a non-contact imaging technology that has emerged as a novel tool for visualizing the anterior segment of the eye. This technology is characterized by its rapid scanning speed, high resolution, and excellent penetration capabilities. As a result, swept-source OCT is now widely utilized in the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of various anterior segment diseases, such as iridoschisis, posterior lenticonus, intraocular lens dislocation, and capsular block syndrome. Given the limitations of conventional measurement instruments regarding measurement methods and precision, the use of non-contact swept-source OCT offers quantitative data that enhances the assessment of disease severity and progression.
Role of EUS in Diagnosis and Therapy of Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: S. Nallapeta Naren , Sahukar Srushti
Published: February 2025

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of chronic pancreatitis. This chapter explores the utility of EUS in detecting early parenchymal and ductal changes, its superiority over other imaging modalities, and its therapeutic applications. EUS provides high-resolution imaging of the pancreas, allowing for the visualization of subtle abnormalities such as hyperechoic foci, stranding, and lobularity. The Rosemont criteria, which standardize EUS findings for chronic pancreatitis diagnosis, are discussed in detail. The chapter also highlights EUS effectiveness in detecting small (<2 cm) and isoattenuating pancreatic tumors, outperforming computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in this aspect. The ability to perform fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) under EUS guidance further enhances its diagnostic capabilities for neoplasia. In pain management, EUS-guided celiac plexus neurolysis (EUS-CPN) is presented as an effective intervention. The chapter describes various approaches to EUS-CPN, including central, bilateral, and direct techniques, along with their respective advantages and limitations. Other EUS-guided pain relief interventions, such as splanchnic nerve neurolysis and celiac ganglia block, are also discussed. The effectiveness of EUS-CPN in providing significant pain relief for patients with chronic pancreatitis is emphasized, noting that pain control typically lasts between one to 6 months.
The Role of AI in Enterprise Risk Management and Operational Efficiency
Authors: Comite Ubaldo , Maria Gallo Alba , Carmela Serluca Maria , Ciurleo Eveny
Published: February 2025

Business management in recent years has been experiencing a revolution generated by artificial intelligence, which offers innovative tools, especially in Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and operational efficiency. This chapter explores how AI integration redefines traditional risk management methodologies and optimizes operational processes. To obtain results and a theoretical framework, the research questions were reformulated to address separately: (1) How does artificial intelligence (AI) contribute to Enterprise Risk Management (ERM)? (2) What are the strategic and operational implications of its adoption? Artificial intelligence allows risk management and improves companies’ decision-making capabilities, also through the transformation of raw data into predictive insights in financial, operational, and environmental contexts. Even in the context of ERM, AI stands out for its predictive analytics capabilities. From an operational perspective, AI automates repetitive processes through various tools, such as Robotics Process Automation (RPA) and Intelligent Process Automation (IPA), improving productivity, reducing errors, and enhancing demand forecasting and customer personalization. The literature has highlighted the gaps in how AI directly impacts project management and operational efficiency, especially in the context of digital transformation. This research aims to fill the gaps by reviewing academic outputs from 2014 to 2024 from Scopus and Wos. The aim is to ensure a comprehensive and robust analysis that is also up to date. In this regard, the theoretical implications are for improving AI-integrated ERM, while the practical ones are mostly oriented toward strategies that managers can implement to leverage AI in optimizing their operations. They also address the well-being of society while addressing all concerns related to data management and transparency. The limitations of this study include relying solely on literature-based evidence with recommendations for future research.
Mitigating Biosecurity Risks on Islands: Preventative Measures
Authors: Thomas Melissa L.
Published: February 2025

Islands are biodiversity hotspots, supporting a high proportion of endemic plant and animal species, yet they face disproportionately high extinction rates due to the introduction of invasive alien species. Globalization has intensified these risks, as islands increasingly rely on shipping and air transport for supplies, and tourism for economic growth, heightening the likelihood of alien species introductions. Biosecurity management plans are established tools for preventing the introduction of invasive alien species to islands, yet only a small fraction of islands globally have such plans. A focus of these plans should be mitigating introductions through human activities, which are the primary pathways associated with invasive alien species introductions onto islands. Mitigating measures for intentional human introductions are generally easier to manage than unintentional ones, however, there remain significant social challenges associated with both pathways. A future challenge in island biosecurity will be sustaining investment in preventative measures, with international collaboration likely to play a key role in success.
From Diagnosis to Prognosis: The Transformative Impact of Exosomal ncRNAs in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Patel Aditi , Shah Kanisha , Tanavde Vivek , Patel Shanaya
Published: February 2025

This chapter explores the potential of exosome-derived non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) as minimally invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of head and neck cancers (HNC). Late-stage diagnosis, lack of disease-specific biomarkers and disease heterogeneity contribute significantly to the poor survival rates of HNC patients, highlighting the urgent need for novel biomarkers. The chapter reviews the emerging role of exosome-derived ncRNAs in HNC in predicting early onset of HNC, with improved and accurate risk assessment and better prognosis. The chapter also offers insights into the future of ncRNA-based diagnostics and personalized patient management aimed at improving 5-year survival outcomes and reducing the burden of HNC.
Remediating Stage Dramas for Cinema Audiences : Two Notable Case Studies
Authors: Ingham Mike
Published: February 2025

The comparatively recent phenomenon of simulcast and captured live screenings of stage plays for mass audiences in the same country and overseas, is discussed in this essay in terms of its conceptual, aesthetic and pragmatic aspects, and also in terms of its actual and potential cultural and transcultural impact. My study explores similarities and differences in mediality, performance pragmatics and context between stage and screen reception modes, and analyses in detail two successful examples of stage-play broadcast to multiple remote audiences. The first is from the initial period prior to the disruption caused by the international COVID outbreak, while the second is a more recent production. I argue that such popular screen-to-stage transfers exemplify this new form of cultural consumption at its most aesthetically and semiotically effective. My aim is to show how hitherto distinct generic boundaries of literary work and literature in performance have been transgressed by recent technological innovations; I argue, moreover, that all such dramatic texts are essentially ‘literary’ according to more inclusive criteria.
Storage Time in Bokashi Alters the Growth and Fruit Production in Cucumber
Authors: López-Atanacio Maribel , Rosas-Guerrero Víctor , Lucas-García Rodrigo , Alemán-Figueroa Lorena , Antonio Gama-Salgado José
Published: February 2025

Even when there are many studies that assess the response of crops to bokashi fertilization, none have evaluated the effect of the storage time of bokashi on the growth, flowering, and yield of crops. In this study, the effect of five different bokashi storage times on vegetative, flowering, and yield traits of cucumber was evaluated. Six treatments were applied, including freshly made bokashi, bokashis with 1, 5, 9, and 13 months of storage, and without any application of bokashi. It was found that the plants fertilized with bokashi with longer storage time increased their production of commercial fruits and yield and decreased the number of non-commercial fruits compared to plants with no application of bokashi and with plants fertilized with freshly made bokashi. These results indicate that the bokashi should be used after a storage period of at least 5 months for greater effectiveness in the production of organic vegetables.
The Continuing Professional Development of Religious Education Teachers in Croatia: The Perspective of the Education and Teacher Training Agency
Authors: Barudžija Gordana
Published: February 2025

Religious Education as a school subject is an important part of education systems in Europe. Although instruction models for Religious Education differ, the key persons in charge of it are Religious Education teachers. In order to respond to the needs of school students, Religious Education teachers need to engage in continuing professional development. In the Republic of Croatia, the Education and Teacher Training Agency is the national-level institution responsible for professional and advisory support to teachers. The paper describes the state of affairs regarding Religious Education in schools in Croatia and refers to the European and national guidelines for continuing professional development. It also presents the data from the survey of Religious Education teachers in the Archdiocese of Zagreb for the 2023/2024 school year. The data obtained in the survey is presented in the context of the European and national guidelines. The aim was to verify whether the teacher training organized by the Education and Teacher Training Agency is in line with the European and national guidelines, to what extent the training is in line with the participants’ needs, and how they could be improved in the future. The results suggested that teacher training for religious teachers provides an opportunity to improve their basic knowledge, skills and attitudes, but there is a need for more training linked to Religious Education (RE) teachers practice and concrete experiences in the classroom.
Splines for Fitting Curves and Surfaces of Nonlinear Functions
Authors: Volosencu Constantin
Published: February 2025

The chapter is placed in the broad context of geometric fitting of parametric curves and surfaces of nonlinear functions. The purpose of the study is to compare some methods of fitting in the case of the example of some nonlinear functions, such as the exponential function and the sinc multivariable function. The methods used are spline, interpolation, smoothing and thin plate splines and respectively polynomial and piecewise cubic interpolation. The main results are the graphs of the fitting curves and the residuals for these methods as a basis for comparison. MATLAB tools were used for calculations.
MENIKAH ATAU NANTI DULU
Authors: Ach Baidlawi Bukhari  , Ahmad Bustanil Arifin
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak yang dialami oleh generasi melinial terhadap biaya perniakahan yang mahal serta faktor yang memengaruhi terhadap mahalnya biaya pernikahan tersebut cara mengatasinya. Penelitian ini merupakan sebuah penelitan lapangan (field research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan data ditunjukkan dalam bentuk deskripsi terhadap fakta-fakta yang ditemukan di lapangan melalui proses observasi, wawancara dan dokumtasi terhada beberapa sumber, baik yang jenisnya primer maupun sekunder.
Hasilnya dala penelitian ini menyebutkan, bahwa jikaa mengikuti aturan perundang-undangan, biaya akad nikah tersebut gratis dan hanya dikenakan Rp.600.000 apabila dilangsngkan di luar KUA sebagai uang profesi dan transportasi. Namun budaya, gengsi dan mahalnya bahan pokok menjadi faktor terhadap mahalnya prosesi pernikahan saat ini, sehingga keadaan tersebut memunculkan kekhawatiran terhadap generasi melinial untuk segera memutuskan untuk menikah, namun hal tersebut dapat diselesaikan dengan berkomunikasi antar keluarga mempelai, sehingga dapat mengurangi biaya pernikahan.
Praktik Pernikahan dalam Masa Iddah : Telaah Kritis Hukum Islam dan Tantangan Implementasi Syariah
Authors: Fawaid  , Saini  , Dela Jannatul Imania
Published: February 2025

Abstrak
Penelitian ini menganalisis praktik pernikahan dalam masa Iddah di Desa Wonosuko yang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa hal, seperti tradisi lokal, tekanan sosial, dan faktor ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi kesenjangan antara hukum Islam dengan praktik di lapangan tentang iddah, serta mengungkap faktor-faktor penyebab penyimpangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode fenomenologis melalui wawancara, observasi, dan kajian dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa praktik Iddah sering diabaikan akibat pemahaman yang terbatas, tekanan ekonomi, dan pengaruh tradisi. oleh karenanya, diperlukan pendekatan edukasi hukum Islam yang kontekstual dan dukungan sosial-ekonomi untuk memastikan penerapan syariah yang sejalan dengan konteks lokal.
Kata kunci : Pernikahan Masa Iddah, Hukum Islam, Implementasi Syariah
KONSEP GHARĀR DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KEADILAN EKONOMI
Authors: Sarim Karimullah Suud
Published: February 2025

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi bagaimana gharār dapat diidentifikasi dan diminimalkan dalam transaksi-transaksi modern yang sering kali melibatkan elemen ketidakpastian yang tinggi. Library research adalah metode yang digunakan dalam kajian ini untuk mengumpulkan, menganalisis, dan menginterpretasikan data dari berbagai sumber tertulis secara integratif dan komprehensif. Hasilnya menyatakan bahwa konsep gharār membuktikan fleksibilitas dan kedalaman hukum Islam dalam menjawab tantangan ekonomi modern, menjadikannya panduan etis yang tidak hanya menghindarkan ketidakpastian dan spekulasi berlebihan, tetapi juga mendorong keadilan, transparansi, dan keberlanjutan dalam transaksi. Lebih dari sekadar larangan, gharār menjadi fondasi untuk merumuskan kebijakan ekonomi yang inklusif, mengatasi ketimpangan sosial, kemiskinan, serta degradasi lingkungan, melalui pendekatan yang adaptif terhadap teknologi seperti fintech dan e-commerce tanpa mengorbankan nilai syariah. Dengan kolaborasi antara ulama, regulator, dan praktisi, gharār berfungsi sebagai prinsip universal yang memastikan sistem ekonomi Islam tetap relevan secara global, tidak hanya sebagai alternatif, tetapi juga sebagai model transformasi menuju ekonomi yang lebih adil, berkelanjutan, dan berorientasi pada kesejahteraan kolektif.
Rancang Bangun Game Digital Pembelajaran Bilangan Bulat Berbasis Role Playing Games di SD Islam Al-Huda 2 Kediri
Authors: Sarbini Riska Nurtantyo , Afiyah Dyah Nurul , Mukminna Halimahtus
Published: February 2025

Currently, it is undeniable that the use of smartphones has penetrated all circles, including young children. In the use of smart phones, in addition to being used for communication media, they are also used as digital game game media. In the study, the researcher combined the learning process with video game games in the learning process of mathematical integer operations with the type of Role Playing Games (RPG) games. The purpose of this study is to determine the Narrative Imitation, Entertainment, Simulation and Interaction (NESI) model in Role Playing Games on integer operation learning. The research method used is quantitative by using data sources from questionnaires and observations. The results of the study showed that the calculation of the results of the influence of the player's initial condition obtained a score of 76.4%, namely the pretest phase, there was an increase in scores of 11.2% to 87.6% in the middle test, namely learning using traditional methods and an increase of 18.8% to 95.2% at the end of the assessment. Furthermore, the analysis of game performance obtained a total average score of 90.78% of the aspects tested, so that the implementation of Role Playing Games (RPG) games has a positive influence on students in understanding mathematics lessons.
Makna dan Hakikat Kebebasan dalam Islam
Authors: Mujahid Kasori , Hadiwijaya Lalu Firman
Published: February 2025

This study examines the meaning and essence of freedom in Islam, focusing on its relevance in the context of modern life. Through a qualitative approach based on literature review, this research analyzes various dimensions of freedom in Islam, including spiritual, socio-political, economic, and intellectual aspects. The findings indicate that the concept of freedom in Islam possesses unique characteristics that distinguish it from secular notions of freedom, where freedom is understood as a right inherently linked to spiritual and social responsibilities. The study also reveals that the implementation of Islamic values of freedom in the modern era requires an adaptive and contextual approach, while still adhering to the fundamental principles of the religion. These findings provide a significant contribution to the development of a framework of understanding that can assist Muslim communities in appropriately implementing the concept of freedom in contemporary times.
Grundlagenforschung, Tierversuche und Tierschutzrecht: Eine Auslegeordnung
Authors: Kunz Devon
Published: February 2025

Die Tierversuchsregulierung nach Schweizer Recht zeichnet sich durch eine hohe Regelungsdichte aus. Experimente, die mit einer Belastung für die Versuchstiere einhergehen, sind auf das unerlässliche Mass zu beschränken. Das heisst, sie müssen so ausgestaltet sein, dass sie das Versuchsziel mit einer möglichst geringen Belastung für die Versuchstiere erreichen können (instrumentale Unerlässlichkeit) und müssen unentbehrlich sein, um den verfolgten Zweck zu erreichen (finale Unerlässlichkeit). Zentral für die Beurteilung der finalen Unerlässlichkeit ist dabei die Durchführung einer Interessen- bzw. Güterabwägung zwischen den Belastungen der Versuchstiere und dem erwarteten Nutzen des Vorhabens. Schwierigkeiten bietet dabei insbesondere die Gewichtung des Nutzens von Grundlagenforschung, da bei dieser im Voraus nur schwer absehbar ist, ob und wann der geplante Erkenntnisgewinn für eine praktische Anwendung verwertbar gemacht werden kann. Dieser Aspekt muss jedoch gemäss bundesgerichtlicher Rechtsprechung in der Güterabwägung abgeschätzt und entsprechend gewichtet werden. Der vorliegende Aufsatz analysiert die rechtlichen Voraussetzungen für Tierversuche, legt dabei ein besonderes Augenmerk auf die Herausforderungen im Umgang mit Tierversuchen zwecks Grundlagenforschung und beleuchtet aktuelle Diskussionen zur Thematik.
Evaluating the Performance of Large Language Models in Anatomy Education Advancing Anatomy Learning with ChatGPT-4o
Authors: Ok Fatma , Karip Burak , Temizsoy Korkmaz Fulya
Published: February 2025

Objective: Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, Gemini, and Copilot, have garnered significant attention across various domains, including education. Their application is becoming increasingly prevalent, particularly in medical education, where rapid access to accurate and up-to-date information is imperative. This study aimed to assess the validity, accuracy, and comprehensiveness of utilizing LLMs for the preparation of lecture notes in medical school anatomy education.
Methods: The study evaluated the performance of four large language models—ChatGPT-4o, ChatGPT-4o-Mini, Gemini, and Copilot—in generating anatomy lecture notes for medical students. In the first phase, the lecture notes produced by these models using identical prompts were compared to a widely used anatomy textbook through thematic analysis to assess relevance and alignment with standard educational materials. In the second phase, the generated lecture notes were evaluated using content validity index (CVI) analysis. The threshold values for S-CVI/Ave and S-CVI/UA were set at 0.90 and 0.80, respectively, to determine the acceptability of the content.
Results: ChatGPT-4o demonstrated the highest performance, achieving a theme success rate of 94.6% and a subtheme success rate of 76.2%. ChatGPT-4o-Mini followed, with theme and subtheme success rates of 89.2% and 62.3%, respectively. Copilot achieved moderate results, with a theme success rate of 91.8% and a subtheme success rate of 54.9%, while Gemini showed the lowest performance, with a theme success rate of 86.4% and a subtheme success rate of 52.3%. In the Content Validity Index (CVI) analysis, ChatGPT-4o again outperformed the other models, exceeding the thresholds with an S-CVI/Ave value of 0.943 and an S-CVI/UA value of 0.857. ChatGPT-4o-Mini met the S-CVI/UA threshold (0.714) but fell slightly short of the S-CVI/Ave threshold (0.800). Copilot and Gemini, however, exhibited significantly lower CVI results. Copilot achieved an S-CVI/Ave value of 0.486 and an S-CVI/UA value of 0.286, while Gemini obtained the lowest scores, with an S-CVI/Ave value of 0.286 and an S-CVI/UA value of 0.143.
Conclusion: This study assessed various LLMs through two distinct analysis methods, revealing that ChatGPT-4o performed best in both thematic analysis and CVI evaluations. These results suggest that anatomy educators and medical students could benefit from adopting ChatGPT-4o as a supplementary tool for anatomy lecture notes generation. Conversely, models like ChatGPT-4o-Mini, Gemini, and Copilot require further improvements to meet the standards necessary for reliable use in medical education.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Reported Trachoma Cases in Kano State, Nigeria (2013-2019)
Authors: Ismail Abubakar Isyaku , Saleh Amina Hayat , Abdulkadir Tukur
Published: February 2025

Trachoma is caused as a result of chronic infection of the conjunctiva by chlamydia trachomatis and is the world’s leading infectious cause of blindness, more especially in developing countries due to poverty, overcrowding, poor sanitation, poor water supply, unimproved latrines and unhygienic management of kept animals all leads to the disease. The study analyzed the reported cases of trachoma in Kano State. Hospital records for seven years (2013 – 2019) were obtained from three specialist eye hospitals and from the neglected Tropical disease unit of the Department of Public Health and Disease Control Ministry of Health Kano State. To show spatio-temporal distribution of the disease, coordinate of wards in the state were generated and imported into Arc GIS environment for mapping. Hotspot and cold spot analysis were used to determine the risk areas of trachoma prevalence. Spatial distributions of trachoma in the state were shown using choropleth maps; and prevalence rate at local government levels were depicted. The findings revealed high prevalence of the disease in non-metropolitan local government areas (LGAs) which include Gabasawa, Shanono, Kura, Tudun wada with a prevalence of 231,000 – 301,000 cases per 100,000 people per year. The trend analysis of trachoma shows endemicity throughout the years in the state with a very high prevalence rate in 2017, and decline in 2018 and 2019. This study recommendations that the implementation of the WHO SAFE strategies, surgery for Trichiasis antibiotics for disease, facial cleanliness and environmental improvement.
The Impact of Leadership Styles and Work Motivation on Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Trust in Supervisor
Authors:   Master of Management Student, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Surabaya, Indonesia., Rizky Antonius , Sondakh Oliandes ,   Department of Management, Universitas Pelita Harapan, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of leader emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and work motivation on job performance, with trust in supervisor as a mediating variable. Conducted at Cornellia & Co PR and Marketing Consultant in Yogyakarta, the research employed a quantitative approach with 47 employees as respondents. Data was collected via an online questionnaire and analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 3.0. The findings reveal that leader emotional intelligence, transformational leadership, and transactional leadership do not significantly influence job performance, while work motivation has a strong positive effect. Leader emotional intelligence positively affects trust in supervisor, whereas transformational leadership does not. Transactional leadership and work motivation both enhance trust in supervisor. However, trust in supervisor does not significantly impact job performance, contradicting previous research. The model demonstrates strong explanatory power for both trust in supervisor (R² = 0.770) and job performance (R² = 0.665), indicating its reliability in predicting these variables. Based on the results, companies should prioritize leadership training programs to enhance emotional intelligence, adopt performance-based reward systems, and refine leadership evaluation methods to improve employee motivation and trust. Future research should expand the sample size and incorporate qualitative methods to provide deeper insights into the relationships between leadership, motivation, and performance.
An´alise de dados longitudinais sobre desenvolvimento infantil por meio de modelos lineares mistos trivariados derivados de c´opulas
Authors: Oliveira Alexandro , Batista Ana Claudia , Oliveira Marisleane , Ferreira Paulo Henrique , Fiaccone Rosemeire
Published: February 2025

Estudos longitudinais são bastante comuns na área de saúde pública e, consequentemente, métodos estatísticos adequados são requeridos para analisar a evolução temporal de uma ou mais variáveis respostas, separada ou simultaneamente. Especificar a função de densidade conjunta de todas as variáveis respostas, assim como sua estrutura de correlação, são os principais obstáculos dos procedimentos de modelagem multivariada. Vale destacar também as dificuldades numéricas frequentemente encontradas na inferência estatística quando a dimensão do problema aumenta. Como alternativa, neste trabalho são apresentadas duas propostas para lidar com dados longitudinais multivariados: (i) uma abordagem univariada, com modelos lineares mistos ajustados a cada uma das variáveis respostas separadamente; e (ii) uma modelagem conjunta dessas variáveis, por meio do uso de funções cópula. Ambas as metodologias são aplicadas a um conjunto de dados reais trivariados referentes ao desenvolvimento nutricional de crianças de um município brasileiro do estado da Bahia.
Codimension one bifurcations of discontinuous vector fields - the boundary saddle and node cases
Authors: Maciel Anderson Luiz , Lunkes Aline De Lurdes Zuliani
Published: February 2025

We use the method of regularization of discontinuous vector fields, as described by (Sotomayor and Teixeira, 1998), to explain, in terms of the classical smooth bifurcation, two codimension one bifurcations of families of discontinuous vector fields generated by the collision of a saddle with the discontinuity set, and the collision of a node with the discontinuity set. These bifurcations are contained in the list presented both by in (Filippov, 1998), and by in (Kuznetsov et al., 2003).
Structural Damage Identification via Bayesian Inference with a New Hierarchical Modeling and Spike-and-Slab Prior
Authors: Teixeira Josiele da Silva , Migon Helio dos Santos , Stutz Leonardo Tavares , Knupp Diego Campos , Silva Neto Antônio José da
Published: February 2025

The present work aims to formulate and solve the inverse problem of structural damage identification using Bayesian Inference. In the solution of the direct problem, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is considered. The modeling of the damage field is performed through the cohesion parameter, which continuously describes the integrity of the structure. The damage identification problem is formulated as an inverse parameter estimation problem, where the posterior probability distribution of the cohesion parameters is sampled using the Adaptive Markov Chain Monte Carlo method and a Spike-Slab prior, adopting a novel hierarchical modeling approach for the inverse problem and an appropriate prior distribution that naturally models the available information about the parameters of interest.
Hydrological modeling using artificial neural networks for flood event forecasting. Case study: Pomba river in Santo Antônio de Pádua - RJ
Authors: Dias Rennan Mendes de Moraes dos Santos , Telles Wagner Rambaldi , Silva Neto Antônio José da
Published: February 2025

Flood prediction through hydrological modeling of watersheds remains an emerging need in society, particularly in regions highly affected by these extreme events. Models based on artificial neural networks have demonstrated significant potential for addressing this issue due to their simplicity and agility. In this study, a model was developed using a multilayer perceptron network for predicting river discharge and water level based on the previous day's river state and precipitation forecast. The Pomba river in the city of Santo Antônio de Pádua-RJ was investigated due to its regular occurrence of flood events that impact the entire population. Metric and graphical results showed the model's strong ability to estimate discharge and water levels throughout the year at a station with limited data. On the other hand, the model encountered difficulties in accurately estimating peak values.
Engenharia Didática no estudo do Teorema da Existência e Unicidade de Equações Diferenciais Ordinárias
Authors: Paiva Ana Carla Pimentel , Alves Francisco Régis Vieira , Campos Helena , Silva Diego
Published: February 2025

O Teorema da Existência e Unicidade de Equações Diferenciais Ordinárias (EDOs) pode ser considerado um dos pilares fundamentais da teoria das equações diferenciais, pois estabelece condições sob as quais uma EDO possui uma solução única e determinada em um intervalo específico. A importância desse teorema em diversos campos da matemática e das ciências aplicadas decorre do fato de que ele assegura que as soluções de certas equações diferenciais sejam bem definidas e únicas. Esse teorema é essencial para garantir a consistência e aconfiabilidade dos modelos matemáticos utilizados para entender e prever o comportamento desistemas complexos. Este artigo descreve, duas etapas de investigação desse teorema previstas pela Engenharia Didática (ED): as fases de análise prévia e análise a priori. A fim de desenvolver atividades estruturadas com apoio da tecnologia, com o intuito de evitar determinados elementos que atuam como entraves a um entendimento amplo do teorema.
The Ethical Norms in Digital ADR
Authors: Safoeva Sadokat
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the evolution of ethical standards in digital Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) and the experiences and prospects for BRICS nations. As ADR adopts innovative technologies, traditional ethical principles must adapt. Literature on digital ethics, ADR codes of conduct, and technology utilization in Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa was reviewed. Gaps exist in research on adapting ADR ethics for new technologies. The study's theoretical contribution demonstrates the interdependency of ADR ethics and technological advances. Practical recommendations are provided for ADR associations to update ethical codes for the digital environment. Findings indicate balancing emerging technologies with core ADR values of trust, fairness and transparency is needed. Limitations include a lack of empirical data. Further research should examine user perspectives across BRICS countries. This paper advances understanding of ethical evolution in digital ADR globally and regionally.
The Role of Digital Diplomacy in ADR Processes
Authors: Bahramova Mohinur
Published: February 2025

As interactions and transactions increasingly occur online, alternative dispute resolution (ADR) processes like mediation are adopting virtual practices. However, critics argue foundational ADR values around neutrality, consent, and confidentiality are threatened in digital environments. This research aimed to conceptualize an original framework called “digital neutrality” to provide ethical guidance for mediators and ADR practitioners operating online. The study pursued a multi-phase methodology encompassing: conceptual analysis of technology impacts on core mediation principles; comparative review of standards in existing codes of conduct; surveys assessing practitioner perceptions; semi-structured interviews with experts to refine proposed concepts; draft code development; and a test study evaluating initial implementation in practice. Findings revealed significant gaps in current training and policies addressing salient issues like algorithmic bias, privacy, security, accessibility and emerging technologies. A majority of mediators desired more guidance on translating ethical values into digital contexts. In response, digital neutrality was conceptualized as a practical orientation for using online tools impartially, obtaining informed consent, protecting confidential data, ensuring accessibility, and continually updating competencies. Duties outlined aim to sustain core ADR principles while allowing thoughtful innovation.
New approach for enhancement of critical entities resilience against terrorist threats
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Bulgaria, Stoichev Kiril
Published: February 2025

In critical infrastructure security research, multiple solutions are proposed based on different approaches used. An attempt will be made here to present an integrated new approach in cases where organizations take actions to increase the entities resilience. The new approach is mainly based on the existing standardization base that affects the relevant elements of security systems. The main results of the research are the proposed resilience levels that are the main elements of the structure of the business organization. The identification of resilience levels is the basis of the assessment of the degree of trust in the organization which the security systems form in the users of its services, as well as in the society.