bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing critical thinking and academic achievement through different learning
Authors: Usman Ali , Agustina Lady , Bahri Arsad
Published: September 2024

This research examines the impact of implementing different learning models on students’ critical thinking abilities (CTS) with different academic achievements. This research was a quasi-experiment and involved 134 high school students in Jember. Research classes are divided into project-based learning (PjBL) and conventional learning, then divided based on academic achievement, namely high and low. Data was collected using essay exams supported by the CTS assessment rubric. Information was analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and continued with the least significant difference (LSD) test. The research results show that i) there is a significant difference in the development of CTS between students who follow the PjBL learning model and students who follow conventional learning; ii) there are differences in CTS development between high and low-achieving students; and iii) there is an interaction between the learning model and student academic achievement which influences the development of CTS. Based on these findings, it can be interpreted that the PjBL learning model effectively increases the development of CTS in high and low-achieving students, especially in low-achieving students. The PjBL learning model encourages students to be active, think critically, work together and solve problems. Teachers can improve the critical thinking skills of students with low academic abilities through the PjBL learning model.
Mathematical exploration ability and students’ habits of mind based on gender: a study in junior high school level
Authors: Veven Veven , Bistari Bistari , Fitriawan Dona , Hamdani Hamdani , Rustam Rustam , Dashela Tarina
Published: September 2024

In learning mathematics, students tend to only be directed to get good results, without paying attention to how the exploration process of the problems given. In fact, the exploration process that students go through is different from one another and influenced by certain factors. The objective of this study is to describe the mathematical exploration ability on number pattern topic studied from the students’ habits of mind based on gender at the junior high school level. This study used mixed methods with sequential-explanatory model, and involved 27 students of grade VIII (second year). The instruments used include a test of mathematical exploration ability, habits of mind questionnaire, and an interview guidelines. The results revealed that there are differences in mathematical exploration ability between male and female students where some of the differences are caused by their habits of mind. Female students tended to be more able to explore mathematical problems than male students, because they applied more habits of mind than male students when trying to solve the problem. This also shows that habits of mind affect students’ mathematical exploration ability.
E-aviation speaking preparation test for aviation vocational school
Authors: Sylvia Tiara , Rochmawati Laila , Novalina Susi Diriyanti , Saragih Nisa Azhari , Rosyid Harunur
Published: September 2024

An e-module aviation speaking preparation test has been developed to support cadets of aviation vocational schools in preparing English language proficiency tests. This research aimed to assess whether there was an improvement in cadets’ aviation speaking preparation test scores after studying the E-Module. A sample of 120 cadets participated in the study to examine the effect of E-Module aviation speaking preparation test to enhance aviation speaking abilities. The validation test score of 89.5% indicates that the E-Module aviation speaking preparation test is very valid for usage. Independent sample T-test results revealed differences between pretest and posttest scores of the e-module aviation speaking preparation test for cadets at both aviation polytechnics. Paired T-test results indicated that cadets who utilized the E-Module achieved higher learning with a significance value of (0.000)<α (0.05). The correlation between pretest and posttest scores and the learning outcomes of the E-Module aviation speaking preparation test showed a relatively high level of correlation, with a coefficient of 0.480 and a significance value of Sig (2-tailed=0.000)<½ α (0.025). These findings suggest that the E-Module aviation speaking preparation test effectively enhances the aviation English speaking abilities of cadets.
Mapping the global landscape of STEM education: a bibliometric analysis using Scopus database
Authors: Aboudahr Shorouk , Aslam Sarfraz , Hua Lau Ung , Misron Aervina , Raime Sharfika , Bee Wah Yap
Published: September 2024

Global innovation, economic growth, and societal advancement require excellence in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education. This study performed a bibliometric examination of articles related to STEM in education. A bibliographic dataset indexed in the Scopus database from 1980 to 2023 was analyzed using Excel and VOSviewer software. A total of 2,595 publications were taken for analysis. Bibliometric analysis results indicate that there has been a consistent growth in publications related to STEM education, and the highest number of publications was in 2022. The top three contributors are authors from North America, Oceania, Europe, and Asia. The United States was the most active contributor to STEM publications and had connections with Australia and Turkey. The most prolific journal is the International Journal of STEM Education, which has garnered 2,588 citations. Keywords such as “STEM,” “STEM education,” “STEM,” and “Education computing” were frequently used in these articles. Consequently, by shedding light on specific gaps in the existing literature, a comprehensive analysis of STEM education could aid scholars and practitioners in advancing their current understanding of this field.
Validation of instruments on the headmaster’s technology leadership model by using confirmatory factor analysis
Authors: Lai Chaw Pang , Yusof Mat Rahimi , Othman Mohamad Khairi
Published: September 2024

In 21st-century education, the role of school headmasters in technology leadership is increasingly crucial. This is due to the fact that administrators are the main force behind efforts to integrate technology in classrooms. Some headmasters resist technology use and lack understanding of its role in leadership, refraining from participating in Malaysian Ministry of Education (MoE) initiatives for technology change. To promote teachers’ integration of technology into the teaching process, headmasters need a comprehensive understanding of its implementation for both management and leadership purposes. Therefore, this study aims to assess the impact of headmasters’ technology leadership and confirm its aspects in primary schools through cross-sectional quantitative analysis. The principal technology leadership assessment (PTLA) instrument, which was given online to 516 teachers using a straight forward random selection method, served as the basis for the headmaster technology leadership questionnaire. Using IBM-SPSS-AMOS software, descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to evaluate the data. Six dimensions and 35 items in technology leadership are approved and validated, according to CFA results. This study successfully created an assessment model for headmasters’ technology leadership. To enhance benefits, contribute more, and address identified gaps, future researchers are encouraged to conduct larger-scale studies using both qualitative and quantitative methods.
Quantitative insights into outcome-based education: a bibliometric exploration
Authors: Joseph Jeena , Jose Jobin , Jose Anat Suman , Ettaniyil Gilu G , Cyriac Joby , Sebastian Shaiju K , Joseph Ajesh P
Published: September 2024

Outcome-based education (OBE) is a method of educational approach that focuses on defining specific learning outcomes or objectives that students should achieve by the end of a course, program, or educational experience Instead of merely following a predetermined curriculum, OBE places focus on what learners should be able to accomplish or display as a result of their learning. A thorough bibliometric analysis utilizing biblioshiny and VOSviewer is used in this work to dive into the world of outcome-based education. This investigation attempts to offer quantitative insights into the development, trends, and significant contributors in the area of OBE by carefully examining a wide range of academic articles. The study encompasses a broad temporal range, capturing developments in the field from its inception in 1978 to 2023, thereby offering a comprehensive overview of its evolution over time. Patterns in research production, significant works, prolific authors, and collaboration networks appear via the prism of bibliometric approaches, illuminating the complex OBE landscape. This study not only contributes to the understanding of OBE’s scholarly landscape but also underscores the significance of bibliometric approaches in illuminating trends and shaping future research directions.
Psychometric properties of Indonesian physics motivation questionnaire using Rasch model
Authors: Sukarelawan Moh Irma , Ramadhan Muhammad Firman , Oktova Raden , Jumadi Jumadi , Puspitasari Ariati Dina , Indratno Toni Kus , Nuryana Zalik
Published: September 2024

The transition to online learning during the pandemic has significantly impacted Indonesian students’ physics learning motivation. Recognizing the need for culturally relevant tools to assess this motivation, this study aims to adapt the physics motivation questionnaire (PMQ) to the Indonesian context. This research, which was conducted on 107 secondary and vocational school students, had a balanced gender distribution and used survey methodology. The PMQ, which was adapted from the biology motivation questionnaire (BMQ) through a rigorous forward-backward translation process, was analyzed for its psychometric properties using the Rasch model. This analysis focuses on the content aspects of construct validity, assessing content relevance, representativeness, and technical quality. The results show that the PMQ, using a 4-point Likert scale, effectively addresses these elements, thus confirming its reliability and applicability in the Indonesian educational environment. This study concludes that the culturally adapted PMQ is a valuable instrument for evaluating Indonesian students’ motivation to study physics, especially in the context of ongoing changes in the educational landscape.
Examining the psychometric properties of the deputy-principal mentoring questionnaire
Authors: Hassan Roslizam , Mohd Tahir Lokman , Musah Mohammed Borhandden , Abdul Aziz Norazah , Hamzah Lina Mursyidah , Hasnor Hanin Naziha , Ahmad Roslee
Published: September 2024

This article intends to inspect and validate the Malay language version of the self-developed instrument on informal leadership mentoring used by principals with their deputy principals in the Malaysian primary school context. This article relies on the survey responses by 318 Malaysian primary deputy principals. Descriptively, the responses to all 25 items produced high mean scores which indicated that deputy principals are well-satisfied with the mentoring and guidance provided to improve their leadership prowess. Based on exploratory factor analysis, three factors emerged: guidance, informal approaches, and substituting principals in official meetings. However, the third factor was removed because it was only represented by one item. Thus, there are two major factors: guidance and informal approaches with 24 items, all of which had high factor-loading values and were consistent in their internal validity. In addition, the average variance extracted and composite reliability were also calculated which received acceptable values. Lastly, the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results indicated that all 24 items achieved acceptable values.
Using multimedia language lab to develop linguo-cultural competence
Authors: Popova Oksana , Piskurska Ganna , Skyrda Alla , Vereshchak Oksana
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of developing students’ linguo-cultural competence by means of a multimedia language laboratory. The multimedia language laboratory is used to create an artificial linguo-cultural environment in a regular classroom with the help of authentic audio and video materials carefully selected and methodically prepared by the teacher. The research is based on the methods of analysis and synthesis, comparison and generalization, theoretical methods related to the study of scientific literature, and experiment. In the course of the experiment, which involved 185 students, the researchers proved that the integrated use of multimedia language lab capabilities allows improving the performance and quality of students’ linguo-cultural competence, promotes the activation of educational and cognitive activities, and helps teachers in motivating their students to learn languages. The reliability of the experimental data was confirmed by the method of mathematical statistics. On the basis of the research results it is concluded that the use of the multimedia language lab makes the process of learning a foreign language more effective and dynamic and contributes to the development of students’ linguo-cultural competence.
A review of practices and digital technology integration in reading instruction and suggestions for the Philippines
Authors: Esteban Allan Jay , Calang Ken , Pagador Princes Mara E.
Published: September 2024

Reading literacy has been a challenge in the Philippines based on recent large-scale literacy assessment in two consecutive years. This may be a result of a mismatch between reading instruction and the interest and motivation of students as 21st century learners in improving their reading skills. However, it is early to instigate such assumption. Hence, this systematic review examines eight articles related to reading instruction research in the Philippines and seven articles on digital technology integration for reading instruction. The paper finds no research on digital technology integration for reading instruction in the Philippine context, while studies conducted in other countries show the efficiency of digital technology interventions in reading literacy development. The findings emphasize the necessity for digital technology research in the reading instruction in the country. This report recommends empirical studies, curriculum adjustments, teacher training, and community engagements on technology-enabled reading education. Based on the findings of this study and a review of related literature, the PREACT framework (Policy, Research, Empirical study, Curriculum and resource adaptation, Community engagement and access, Teacher training and development) is proposed as a potential approach to transform reading instruction in the Philippines.
Understanding the significance of Olympic values in adults of Chile and Argentina
Authors: Tamayo Alejandro Bacot , Ponciano Nuñez Pedro Danilo , Giakoni-Ramírez Frano , Flández-Valderrama Jorge , Duclos-Bastías Daniel
Published: September 2024

Olympic values serve as a significant educational strategy advocated by both the International Olympic Committee and National Olympic Committees globally. Despite their widespread promotion, there exists a dearth of research comparing the comprehension of Olympic values among the adult population. This study aimed to scrutinize the understanding of Olympic values among a sample of 200 Chilean and Argentine adults aged between 18 and 65 years. The investigation was conducted in the context of recent mega sporting events, specifically the Youth Olympic Games in Buenos Aires 2018 and the forthcoming Pan American Games in Santiago 2023. Employing the Fair Play theory and the Moral Competence Test, the research revealed a higher level of moral competence in the Argentine population compared to their Chilean counterparts. Interestingly, no discernible impact of the Youth Olympic Games in Buenos Aires was observed in Argentina. Parental influence emerged as the most significant factor affecting moral competence in both countries, while religion and media demonstrated comparatively less influence. These findings contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the interplay between Olympic values, moral competence, and contextual factors in adult populations across different nations.
Development of growth mindset in higher education in support of the World-Class University
Authors: Setiawan Risky , Dewi Radeni Sukma Indra , Zainul Rahardian
Published: September 2024

This study aims to develop a tool to measure the growth mindset of university lecturers, which is associated with performance and professionalism in institutions, especially at Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (UNY) to go to a World-Class University (WCU). This research is a research and development (R&D) research with a quantitative approach measuring the quality of university growth mindset instruments. The measuring tool developed is a questionnaire using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) method. The results of each indicator are analyzed and integrated with structural equation modeling (SEM). The results of the growth mindset study of the academic community at UNY. The growth mindset instrument construct for the academic community is qualified to measure the ability of growth mindset from lecturers. The results show that the developed instruments show a valid and reliable construct. Advanced analysis by multiple regression method with path analysis shows that the academic level is the moderate variable with the most influence on the growth mindset path analysis model. Increasing the academic level will optimize the growth mindset of lecturers; performance will evolve.
Scalar consistency of collaborative learning: bifactor structural equation modeling
Authors: Vilchez Galarza Nilton David , Via y Rada Vittes Jose Francisco , Huaynate Espejo Luis Angel
Published: September 2024

The way of learning in higher education needs a revaluation, which should consider cooperation as one of the principles to improve the cognitive, procedural, and attitudinal learning of students whose training will allow them to integrate effectively into the work environment. The objective of the study was to validate the consistency of the collaborative learning scale (CLS) using the bifactor structural equation model (SEM) in university students from Junín. It presented a quantitative approach, through a deductive method, of demonstrative and inferential scope and a non-experimental design. The sample was of the probabilistic type, composed of 361 students of the Faculty of Health Sciences from cycles I to VIII at Huancayo University-2023. The results verified that the use of an original bifactor SEM allows the identification of multidimensional sources present in complex psychological measures, such as the evaluation instrument under study. In conclusion, thanks to the analysis of the Chi-square differences between the second-order model and the bifactor model, it can be verified that the bifactor model has a better fit than the second-order model because it has a lower X², a lower root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), a lower weighted root mean residual (WRMR), and a higher ω.
Race and Ethnicity at Genesis 10 and the Idea of “Semites”
Authors: Chavel Simeon
Published: September 2024

This paper argues that (1) the segment of text known as Gen 10 is a collation of three separate works; (2) the works have mutually exclusive ideas about the zones and groups of the world; and (3) the zones and groupings illustrate the insight that has come to the fore of late that group identity—ethnic, national, racial, and so on—is a human, cultural product, not a set of natural, biological traits. Specifically, Semitic identity was not an obvious and long-lived category in ancient Israel and Judea, but distinct to a few particular literary works and contradicted by others. Later cultures responded to the collated text at Gen 9–11 and used its terms and concepts selectively to map their own world, which has had a pernicious, bloody afterlife down to our own times. Therefore, (4) the label “Semitic” should not be used for peoples, places, cultures, religions, and even languages.
A Library in One Volume – The Notebook of the Nineteenth-Century Ismāʿīlī Scholar Sayyidī Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Hamdānī from Surat
Authors: Klemm Verena
Published: September 2024

The focus of this article is the eminent Ismāʿīlī scholar Sayyidī Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Hamdānī (1833–98) and his private notebook, which over time he filled with a wide variety of content, ranging across religions, history, the sciences and mathematics, literature, and the occult. The multiple-text manuscript (majmūʿa) is part of the Hamdani Manuscript Collection, now at the Institute of Ismaili Studies in London (Ms. 1662). Al-Hamdānī, who is known as an important protagonist in the history of this family library, was also a “moving spirit” in the Daʿwa, the religious and political mission of the Ismāʿīlī Dāʾūdī Bohra Ṭayyibīs in Gujarat. As most of his epistles and his memoirs are not accessible and have not been researched until now, the notebook provides a preliminary testimony, opening a window to his intellectual world. In this article, this unique document is presented in its historical context and described in terms of its materiality, content and use. It is considered as a rich source of information about its owner and the literary holdings a nineteenth-century Bohra scholar could draw on. We also ask what role the personal manuscript might have played with respect to Muḥammad ʿAlī al-Hamdānī’s religious commitments in the Ṭayyibī Daʿwa.
A Jewish Gladiator at Pompeii: Reassessing the Evidence
Authors: Rocca Samuele
Published: September 2024

This article reconsiders the iconography of a gladiator helmet found at Pompeii, which is decorated with a relief depicting a palm tree on its forehead. New evidence demonstrates that this helmet can be reasonably associated with a Jew from Judea. The first part examines the difference between the palm branch awarded to victorious athletes and gladiators as a prize and the palm tree, which in Greco-Roman art was primarily understood as a geographic indicator. Given the dating of the helmet to slightly after the end of the Great Revolt and the fact that the Iudaea Capta coinage was minted in this period in large quantities, it is quite probable that the palm tree depicted on the helmet was a reference to Judea. The second part focuses on the griffin that decorates the crest. While images depicting animals were at odds with the tendency to aniconism, which became almost dominant in late Second Temple period Judea, a passage of the Tosefta and the relief of the Triumphal Arch of Titus, which depicts similar creatures, raise the possibility that this mythological creature could be associated with a Jew from Judea after all. The third part demonstrates that the owner of this helmet was a gladiator known as a thraex, who was typically armed with the sica. This weapon, in turn, could associate the owner of the helmet with the sicarii, a rebel group active in Judea in the last years of Roman rule and during the Great Revolt. The fact that the term sicarius is associated in Roman law with crimes often related to banditry could suggest that the owner of the helmet was sentenced to become a gladiator because of his activities as a Jewish rebel.
“This Tribute by an Irishman”
Authors: Öpengin Ergin , Çelik Adnan
Published: September 2024

Alan Ward, an Irishman newly graduated from Oxford, arrived in Diyarbakir in the autumn of 1960 to teach at an elite high school. Within four months of his stay, though, he was deported from Turkey due to his interest in Kurdish. Back in Europe, he wrote a poem about the Kurds and Diyarbakir in the Occitan language, with the title La Còrda Roja (The Red Rope) in reference to Kurds hanged under the Turkish state. Discovered by Kurdish solidarity movements in the mid-1960s, he was drawn into Kurdish language and literature studies and produced several works, part of which have remained unpublished in archives. This article introduces Alan Ward as a little-known protagonist of the Kurdology of the 1960s based on both published and unpublished works authored by him as well as his correspondence with Silvio van Rooy, the founder of the International Society Kurdistan.
Incorporating sources of correlation between outcomes: An introduction to mixed models
Authors: Liu Limeng , Petersen Ashley
Published: September 2024

Animal research often involves measuring the outcomes of interest multiple times on the same animal, whether over time or for different exposures. These repeated outcomes measured on the same animal are correlated due to animal-specific characteristics. While this repeated measures data can address more complex research questions than single-outcome data, the statistical analysis must take into account the study design resulting in correlated outcomes, which violate the independence assumption of standard statistical methods (e.g. a two-sample t-test, linear regression). When standard statistical methods are incorrectly used to analyze correlated outcome data, the statistical inference (i.e. confidence intervals and p-values) will be incorrect, with some settings leading to null findings too often and others producing statistically significant findings despite no support for this in the data. Instead, researchers can leverage approaches designed specifically for correlated outcomes. In this article, we discuss common study designs that lead to correlated outcome data, motivate the intuition about the impact of improperly analyzing correlated outcomes using methods for independent data, and introduce approaches that properly leverage correlated outcome data.
A Longitudinal Study of the Impact of COVID-19 on Optimism Prediction
Authors: Isato Ayako , Aizawa Yasunori , Miyamae Mitsuhiro , Yamada Makiko
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to investigate how optimistic predictions, hopelessness, and depressive symptoms changed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the causal relationships between these variables. To achieve this purpose, we used data from online surveys conducted in 2019 and 2021 among men and women aged 20–79. Based on item response theory, we developed a future prediction task for the assessment of optimistic predictions. Our comparison of online survey responses found a decline in optimistic predictions before and after the pandemic. More specifically, there were no change in predictions of negative future events, but there was the decrease in predictions of positive future events. Furthermore, we found that those who were more stressed by COVID-19 were less likely to have an optimistic view of the near future. We also found a relationship between optimistic predictions and hopelessness and depressive symptoms with lower optimism predicting more hopelessness and more depression predicting lower optimism. To prevent feelings of hopelessness, it is important to help people develop positive expectations about the future.
S.3827 and a Systematic Review of State-Level Multisector Plans for Aging: How Incorporating Volunteer Caregiving Can Mitigate Service Gaps
Authors: Berkowsky Ronald W. , Adams Blake , Villa Robyn , Glenn Tammy I.
Published: September 2024

Recognizing the growing need to establish and enhance the necessary service infrastructure to better address the diverse needs of a rapidly aging US population, S.3827 (ie, Strategic Plan for Aging Act) seeks to provide federal support for the creation and implementation of Multisector Plans for Aging (MPAs). Passage of S.3827 can motivate states to strategically plan for a growing elder cohort, as only 8 states currently have developed and are implementing their own MPAs. In this policy brief, we detail the benefits of developing and implementing an MPA at the state level as well as the broad benefits of passing S.3827. We also conduct a systematic review of the 8 MPAs which have been developed and are currently being implemented, focusing on areas of significant overlap (eg, support for paid formal caregiving and support for informal family caregivers) and potential gaps. We conclude with a review of the volunteer caregiving movement and a discussion on how incorporating volunteer caregiving into an MPA can address local elder needs and mitigate service gaps, particularly among older adults who lack access to formal paid caregivers or informal family caregivers. Should S.3827 pass, we argue that state legislatures and stakeholders in eldercare should seriously consider incorporating the volunteer caregiving model into their strategic plans for aging.
New Horizons for Newcomer Organizational Socialization: A Review, Meta-Analysis, and Future Research Directions
Authors: Bauer Talya N. , Erdogan Berrin , Ellis Allison M. , Truxillo Donald M. , Brady Grant M. , Bodner Todd
Published: September 2024

The effective socialization of newcomers into organizations is critical for employee and organizational success. As such, ensuring successful onboarding has become even more pivotal for newcomer adjustment, performance, and retention. The literature has seen significant growth and incorporated new theoretical perspectives, such as resource-based approaches since the most recent comprehensive meta-analytic review of the literature. Therefore, we extended earlier reviews by presenting an updated model of the socialization process, reviewing the literature, and examining this updated model via meta-analysis. In all, we identified 256 studies that met our meta-analytic inclusion criteria, and 183 with sufficient k across construct categories were included in our meta-analysis. At the correlational level, we analyzed antecedents to proximal adjustment indicators and proximal adjustment to distal outcomes. We examined a potential moderator, whether the study took place in a horizontal-individualistic (HI) versus vertical-collectivistic (VC) culture. Last, we analyzed a path model to identify unique relationships between specific antecedents (age, full-time work experience, organizational tenure, proactive personality, information seeking, organizational tactics, insider mentoring/supporting), proximal adjustment indicators (social acceptance, role clarity, task mastery, perceived fit), and distal outcomes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intentions, other-rated performance, and well-being). Our analyses uncover the role of proactive personality and proactive newcomer behaviors in newcomer adjustment and the importance of social acceptance for newcomers. They also identify perceptions of fit as an important but relatively under-examined adjustment indicator and newcomer well-being as an additional socialization outcome. We develop future directions for socialization theory and research methods.
Understanding Indian Doctors’ Attitudes Toward Alcohol Pharmacotherapy and Prescription: A Mediational Analysis
Authors: Ghosh Sanjukta , Modak Tamonud , Rozatkar Abhijit Ramdas
Published: September 2024

Background:

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Prescription of AUD pharmacotherapies remains low. Attitudes toward AUD pharmacotherapies influence their prescription rates. We conducted an online survey to assess how attitudes modulate the association between knowledge and prescription rates for four commonly used AUD medications among Indian clinicians.

Methods:

An online survey was sent nationwide to Indian physicians between February and April 2023 to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of various AUD medications. An a priori model was defined to indicate the relationship between study variables. Bootstrapped correlation analysis was conducted to determine confidence intervals of the correlation coefficients between knowledge, attitudes, and prescription practices. Additional subgroup analysis was conducted for faculty and private psychiatrists to assess if they prescribed differently.

Results:

A total of 387 physicians responded to the survey. Bootstrapped correlation analysis indicated that safety and acceptability played a moderated prescription rates for acamprosate and naltrexone while they mediating role among faculty. For Disulfiram, perceived efficacy had a mediating effect, especially among private psychiatrists. Among faculty, perceived safety negatively mediated Disulfiram prescriptions. There was no indirect effect of attitudes on the association between knowledge and prescription practices for Baclofen.

Conclusion:

The role of attitudes varied across medications. For acamprosate and naltrexone, perceived safety and acceptability significantly moderated prescription rates. For Disulfiram, perceived efficacy played a significant mediating effect. Attitudes did not influence Baclofen prescriptions as a whole, but acceptability significantly mediated prescriptions for private psychiatrists. This might indicate that physicians prescribe Baclofen as an ineluctable option.
Occupational exposure protection and perioperative management of sudden infectious diseases from the perspective of COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Yao-Shen , Ma Rui , Liu Bo , Zhang Qiang , Hai Yong
Published: September 2024

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) SARS-CoV-2 virus epidemic continues to exhibit a sporadic onset trend due to the continuous variation of the novel coronavirus. However, the psychological impact of the pandemic persists. It is crucial to reflect on our experiences to better prepare for future large-scale infectious diseases. During outbreaks of infectious diseases, patients may still require orthopaedic surgery. It is crucial to prioritize the safety of medical staff and establish procedures to ensure their protection. However, with the implementation of a series of standardized operational protection procedures, orthopaedic surgeons can safely perform their duties without the risk of contracting COVID-19. There is no doubt that the orthopaedic occupational exposure protection process and perioperative management plan for global infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, require a standardized summarization process and a narrative review.
Prediction of residual stress after cold rolling and coiling processes
Authors: Amado Flavio Peres , Gurova Tetyana
Published: September 2024

The objective of this manuscript is to present an analytical-numerical methodology for predicting residual stresses after cold rolling of steel sheets, with or without coiling/uncoiling steps. This proposal considers the contribution of hardening after each pass, the increase in temperature arising from forming, with the consequent appearance of a thermal gradient between the center of the sheet and its surface, and the eventual plastic deformation/relief after coiling/uncoiling. Predicted results were compared to experimental data collected from a steel plant, as well as to results available in the literature. The coincidence of values was quite satisfactory, especially in the central third of the residual stress distribution curves. Experimental results from more diverse processes, with greater variation in the number of passes and strain rates, are desirable for definitive validation of the proposed prediction model.
How disinhibition explains reward omission leadership
Authors: Jackson Chris , Criado-Perez Christian , Walker Benjamin R. , Purvee Anar
Published: September 2024

Disinhibition is a lack of restraint manifesting as tactless, uncivil, and inappropriate behavior; reward omission leadership is the failure of a leader to reward desirable behavior. We hypothesize disinhibition is associated with reward omission leadership. We test this possibility by associating an objective measure of disinhibition and personality models of disinhibition with reward omission leadership. In S1 ( N = 166), the go/no-go task and personality models of disinhibition were generally associated with reward omission leadership. In S2 ( N = 176), using multi-actor ratings, personality models of disinhibition were generally associated with reward omission leadership. In S3 ( N = 91 junior managers; 273 employees), the tested personality model of disinhibition was associated with reward omission leadership using employee ratings from a non-Western organization. Results suggest disinhibition predicts reward omission leadership and sheds light on what is meant by disinhibition.

JEL Classification: D23
Vehicle motion state estimation based on WOA-SVR
Authors: You Yong , Meng Yunlong , Wu Jingtao , Wang Changqing
Published: September 2024

Obtaining accurate motion state information is the foundation of active movement control systems and advanced driving assistance system. To accurately obtain vehicle motion state information without the high-accuracy dynamic models parameters, this paper proposes a vehicle state estimation algorithm based on Whale Optimization Algorithm-Support Vector Regression (WOA-SVR). A double-layer (longitudinal and lateral) regression estimation structure has been proposed based on analyzing the characteristic of vehicle dynamics. Then, the SVR model is trained on a dataset composed of multiple driving conditions, and the WOA is used to optimize the penalty factor c and kernel function parameter g in the relaxation variable during the training process; Finally, the estimation algorithm was validated through virtual simulation of single line change and frequency sweep tests, as well as ABS braking and double line change actual vehicle tests. The results show that this algorithm effectively improves estimation accuracy and is robust to changes in speed.
Marriage and Strategic Confrontation: A Critical Analysis of Indian Society
Authors: Singh Mayavee
Published: September 2024

United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Women in General Recommendation no. 21 (the 13th session, 1994) on the declaration of equality between women and men for human rights has discouraged polygamous marriage practices ( https://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/cedaw/recommendations/recomm.htm#top ). Further, the United Nations Human Rights Committee’s assertion in 2000 on the General Assembly of the UN contends about the direct connection of marriage with human dignity and acknowledges only state-approved monogamous marriage can tantamount to social development, by fostering equality, justice and cosmic harmony. On the contrary, polygamous marriage treats humans unequally and subordinates women, following such type of marriages breach the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, recommending the blanket ban of the practice of polygamy. It is significant that treating woman as less than man not only subjugates them but hinders the development of the whole society. To secure social harmony, the state can legislate a rule for all its citizens irrespective of their religion. Notwithstanding, independent Indian Constitutional Laws facilitate monogamy practice on the one hand, and on the other hand allow polygamy as an atypical form of marriage in another personal law. Therefore, in this article, first, I examine the notion of marriage in Indian tradition and then compare Indian marriage standards with the Western approach of monogamy, as a society’s right, as a right to moral independence and as an ethical analogue. Following that, I argue whether contemporary Indian society’s legislation on marriage fits into Western standards or triggers a strategic confrontation.
Gram India: Scaling Up a Social Enterprise
Authors: Gaur Diptanshu , Pandey Shivendra Kumar
Published: September 2024

This case focuses on Amrita Sharma, a social entrepreneur and the challenges her team faces in managing the social enterprise Gram India. Gram India is the marketing division of Parnana Parnani Education Society, which offers free education and employment opportunities to rural Indian women. Established as a Limited Liability Partnership on 18 December 2015, Gram India specializes in embroidery and offers products, such as handicrafts, suit covers, incense sticks and rural BPO services. The corporate office is in Jaipur, Rajasthan and the production centre is in Newai, Rajasthan. Gram India strives to balance two main objectives as a social enterprise: creating social value by employing rural women and achieving financial sustainability through sufficient revenue generation. However, several challenges impede their path to self-sustainability. These challenges include over-dependence on a single customer, the physical distance between the office and production centre, labour issues, funding uncertainties, distribution channel choices, staff management and inventory handling. After four successful years, Amrita and her team are contemplating strategies to ensure Gram India’s long-term sustainability. They need to devise effective plans to overcome these obstacles and secure the future of their enterprise.
Unveiling the Transformative Potential of AI-Generated Imagery in Enriching Mental Health Research
Authors: Milasan Lucian Hadrian
Published: September 2024

Visual methods in mental health research have been extensively explored and utilized following the expanse of art-therapy. The existing literature shows visual arts as a valuable research method with multi-fold benefits for both researchers and research participants. However, the way contemporary art is understood, conceptualized, and experienced has been challenged by the current digital advancements in our society. Despite heated debates whether AI may diminish the value of human creativity, AI-generated art is a complex reality that started to influence the way visual research is conducted. Within this context, researchers employing visual methods need to develop a deeper understanding of this topic. For this purpose, this article explores the concept of AI-generated images with a focus on benefits and limitations when applied to mental health research and potentially other areas of health and social care. As this is an emerging topic, more research on the effectiveness and therapeutic value of AI-generated images is required beyond the current anecdotical evidence, from the perspective of the researchers and research participants.
An Authentic Learning Experience for Medical Students on Conducting a Family Meeting
Authors: Khawand-Azoulai Mariana , Kavensky Elisse , Sanchez Julia , Leyva Ileana M. , Ferrari Corinne , Soares Marcio , Zaw Khin M. , van Zuilen Maria H.
Published: September 2024

Background

Medical schools often lack training for serious illness conversations with patients and caregivers. We developed a curriculum in our elective Transitioning to Residency medical student course, focused on end-of-life discussions. This paper provides an overview of the curriculum and outcomes from an advanced preparation assignment and student evaluations.

Methods

The curriculum included a “hands-on” skills session delivered via Zoom. Small groups of students (3-4) assumed roles on an interprofessional team (Intensivist, cardiologist, nurse, social worker). They met with two adult children, played by palliative/geriatric clinical staff, of a 79-year-old patient with a complex cardiac history and on ventilator support to address: (1) the patient’s status, (2) goals of care, and (3) withdrawal of ventilator support. Using a flipped classroom format, students reviewed the case, role assignments, a family meeting webinar, and other materials in advance. They completed a survey reflecting on the upcoming family meeting. Afterwards, students evaluated the session.

Results

Eighty students (19.6%) participated in 2021 and 2022. The reflection survey shows students agreed the patient’s prognosis was poor and decision-making should be shared. They anticipated difficulty accepting prognosis, discordance between family members and/or the team, and challenging emotions. Results show a difference between the anticipated roles of the assigned physicians compared to the other disciplines. Post-session evaluations ranged from 4.7 to 4.9/5 (1 = strongly disagree, 5 = strongly agree).

Conclusion

The pre-session reflection helped students prepare for their roles. The training was well received, and we hope it prepares students to take on serious illness discussions during residency.
Analysis of the Complications of Mandibular Cortical Bone with/without Particulate Artificial Bone Graft for Alveolar Cleft Reconstruction: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Pang Xuefei , Zhao Xinran , Xie Jiahui , Cai Ming
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To investigate postoperative complications in patients who underwent alveolar bone graft surgery using mandibular cortical bone (MCB) with/without particulate artificial bone (PAB).

Design

Retrospective study.

Setting

Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery in the hospital from August 2020 to August 2023.

Patients

Patients who underwent alveolar bone graft using MCB were reviewed. They were diagnosed with unilateral or bilateral alveolar cleft, and some of them developed postoperative complications after MCB with/without PAB repair surgery.

Interventions

No interventions.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Complications.

Results

Complications occurred in 12 of 149 patients who underwent surgery (8.05%). Among these evaluated patients, 10 had surgical site infection, 8 had mucosal dehiscence, 2 had discharge of resorbable plate debris, and 6 had grafted bone necrosis. Patients with bilateral alveolar clefts were more likely to experience complications (P = 0.033).

Conclusion

MCB with/without PAB grafting is effective enough for patients to undergo reconstruction of the alveolar process.
Passive Shoulder Exoskeleton Use Over Days During a Variable Visuomotor Wiring Task
Authors: Rana Mukherjee Tiash , Tyagi Oshin , Mehta Ranjana K.
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the use of shoulder exoskeletons in a visuomotor upper extremity wiring task over 3 days. Twenty-four participants were randomly assigned to an exoskeleton or control group. Their task performance, perceived exertion and workload, erceived acceptance, and neural activation patterns over 3 days were obtained. Despite similar exertion ratings between groups, the exoskeleton group reported lower perceived workload and higher task accuracy, suggesting that users benefited from the exoskeleton’s use, allowing for greater resources to attend to task-related cognitive processes. Neuroergonomics analysis revealed differences in neural signatures between the two groups indicating that exoskeleton group exhibited increased activation over days in motor function-related brain regions, while the control group demonstrated greater connectivity within the executive control network. These findings suggest that shoulder exoskeletons offer physical and cognitive benefits in tasks that require complex cognitive processing through specific neuromotor adaptations over days, which has training implications for exoskeleton use.
Models of Human-Automation Systems: Initial Analysis of the Boeing 737MAX Design
Authors: Barshi Immanuel , Degani Asaf , Mauro Robert , Mumaw Randall J.
Published: September 2024

We describe a formal approach to identifying human factor design vulnerabilities and usability concerns in the context of automated control systems. We present an initial analysis of the design of the B737MAX that has suffered two fatal accidents. We highlight two main design vulnerabilities and one usability concern. Key formal generic properties used to identify these vulnerabilities and usability concerns are defined. These generic properties, and others referenced in this paper, can be applied to the analysis of any human-automation system.