bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
30-year changes of natural forests under human activities in the Indochina peninsula - case studies in Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Dinh Duong , Lai Vinh Cam
Published: July 2021

Natural forests are a basic component of the earth's ecology. It is essential for biodiversity, hydrological cycle regulation, and environmental protection. Natural forests are gradually degraded and reduced due to timber logging, conversion to cropland, production forests, commodity trees, and infrastructure development. Decreasing natural forests results in loss of valuable habitats, land degradation, soil erosion, and imbalance of water cycle on the regional scale. Thus, operational monitoring of natural forest cover change has been in the interest of scientists for a long time. Current forest mapping methods using remotely sensed data provide limited capability to separate natural forests and planted forests. Natural forest statistics are often generated using official forestry national reports that have different bias levels due to different methodologies applied in different countries in forest inventory. Over the last couple of decades, natural forests have been over-exploited for various reasons. This led to forest cover degradation and water regulation capability, which results in extreme floods and drought of a watershed in general. This situation demands an urgent need to develop a fast, reliable, and automated method for mapping natural forests. In this study, by applying a new method for mapping natural forests by Landsat time series, the authors succeeded in mapping changes of natural forests of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam from 1989 to 2018. As a focused study area, three provinces: Ratanakiri of Cambodia, Attapeu of Laos, and Kon Tum of Vietnam were selected. The study reveals that after 30 years, 51.3% of natural forests in Ratanakiri, 27.8% of natural forests in Attapeu, and 50% of natural forests in Kon Tum were lost. Classification results were validated using high spatial resolution imagery of Google Earth. The overall accuracy of 99.3% for the year 2018 was achieved.
Formation of anomalous gas fields of helium and hydrogen in the Cat Ba, Co To and Bach Long Vi islands, northern Vietnam
Authors: Nadezhda Syrbu , Le Duc Luong , Andre Kholmogorov , Nguyen Hoang
Published: July 2021

Data of methane, helium and hydrogen concentrations in the mineral waters, as well as in the subsurface atmosphere, of the Cat Ba, Co To and Bach Long Vi islands, shows that the regions belong to degassing zones of hydrogen and helium, and points at gas condensate potential of the Bac Bo sedimentary basin. A joint transit of these gases via the fault structures was established. Distribution patterns of hydrogen and helium concentrations from these islands (Tonkin Gulf) were obtained from the gas and water sample data. Thermogenic and metamorphogenic gases detected in hydrogeological wells on Cat Ba island and gas anomalies in subsurface gas indicate natural gas emission through permeability zones.

 The work was carried out within the framework of the joint Russian-Vietnamese Laboratory on Marine Geosciences (V.I.Il`ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS and Institute of Marine Geology and Geophysics, VAST). The research involves the staff and scientific equipment of the new innovative Laboratory for Integrated Research of the Environment and Mineral Resources (LIREMR) of the POI FEB RAS, created within the framework of the SCIENCE national project.
Late pleistocene movement of Nam O - Nam Dong fault: evidence from electron spin resonance dating of fault gouge in the Western Da Nang city
Authors: Nguyen Quoc Hung , Tran Thanh Hai , Vu Anh Dao , Ngo Xuan Thanh
Published: July 2021

The Nam O - Nam Dong fault is rated as one of the most seismic source zones in Central Vietnam. Field investigation in the mountainous areas in the Cam Le and Hoa Vang districts (Da Nang city), which is a part of the Nam O - Nam Dong fault zone, the authors have discovered fault gouge zone of 5-40 cm width within the Dai Loc granitic rock. Two fault gouge samples were collected for Electron spin resonance (ESR) dating. The results from the ESR dating on the quartz grains from the fault gouge samples showed the youngest age from the smallest fraction, probably indicating that ESR signals in the fractions were completely zeroed at the time of faulting due to frictional heat. The preliminary results from the ESR dating on the quartz grains from the fault gouge indicate that the last major faulting in this site was later the ages of 15.05±3.55 ka to 18.21±4.06 ka ago. Multiple actives during the late Pleistocene - Holocene of this fault had uplifted the fault gouge from a depth-seated to the present-day locality. These data suggest that this fault zone can be classified as a potentially active fault zone and presents some seismic hazards.
Use fly ash for the production of lightweight building materials
Authors: Tran Thi Lan , Nguyen Anh Duong , Phan Luu Anh , Tran Thi Man
Published: July 2021

Fly ash is a waste byproduct of thermal power plants or steel plants with a low density. Study on using fly ash to produce lightweight construction materials will is a new application of this material resource. Pha Lai fly ash is a byproduct from Pha Lai Thermal Power Joint Stock Company, in which the main mineral component was mullite (15-20%), quartz (14-16%), carbon (5-7%). The content of the amorphous component was about 67-73%. The chemical composition of Pha Lai mainly was SiO2 (51.73%), Al2O3 (23.22%), Fe2O3 (4.23%). To fabricate the lightweight material from Pha Lai fly ash, the fly ash was mixed with additive materials to create binders following two ways: (1) lime + fly ash and (2) geopolymer technology. For the way of lime + fly ash, with the optimal mixture ratio was fly ash:lime: water = 10:2:1, the lightweight material samples had the bulk density of 1.32g/cm3, the compressive strength of 3.91 MPa, satisfied the Vietnamese standard TCVN 6477-2011 for concrete bricks. Applying the geopolymer technology, with the optimal mixture ratio was fly ash: NaOH/Na2SiO3: Al powder = 100:45:0.15, NaOH/Na2SiO3 ratio = 1:2, the lightweight materials obtained the bulk density of 0,62g/cm3, the compressive strength of 1,54 MPa, satisfied the Vietnamese standard TCVN:9029-2017 for Lightweight concrete - Foam concrete and non-autoclaved concrete products-specification.
Holocene sedimentation offshore Southeast Vietnam based on geophysical interpretation and sediment composition analysis
Authors: Hoang Van Long , Nguyen Tien Thanh , Vu Tat Tuan , Nguyen Thanh Tung , Nguyen Lam Anh , Dao Bui Din , Le Van Duc , Tran Ngoc Dien , Nguyen Huu Hiep
Published: July 2021

Offshore Southeast (SE) Vietnam is considered a transition zone, with the sedimentary evolution of this area controlled by land-sea interactions, especially by the Holocene sea-level rise. This study presents some new findings regarding Holocene sedimentation and its linkage to the heavy mineral placers within the study area based on high-resolution seismic interpretation and sediment analysis. Our obtained results show that the Holocene sediments directly overlie the Late Pleistocene sedimentary formation, from which they are separated by an erosional/unconformity surface (R­1­ seismic reflector). Sediments deposited in the Early (~11.7-8.2kyr BP), Middle-Late (8.2kyr BP-present-day) Holocene sub-epochs correspond to the Transgressive and Highstand System tracts, which were closely controlled by the three stages of Holocene sea-level rise. The recent sediments distributed on the seafloor are dominated by sand and gravelly sand, demonstrating high-energy conditions, while the heavy minerals are rich in ilmenite and zircon. Most of these are concentrated along the present shoreline zones, but we do not exclude their accumulation in the paleo-shoreline and incised channels. Two ilmenite dispersion halos (1st and 2nd order) and one zircon dispersion halo (1st order) suggest that ilmenite and zircon are the most dominant heavy minerals while gold is only observed locally. The minerals were potentially derived from the weathering products of the Triassic-Cretaceous ilmenite-, zircon-, and gold-bearing granite and granitoid in central Vietnam.
Direction of urban expansion in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area, Thailand under the impacts of a national strategy
Authors: Trong Nguyen Can , Nguyen Thi Hong Diep , Sanwit Iabchoon
Published: July 2021

The Eastern Economic Corridor project (EEC), which spans over three coastal provinces east of the Bangkok Metropolitan Area (BMA), aims to transform Thailand into a developed country progressively. The EEC project promises to influence its territory and surrounding areas. We aimed to monitor the urbanized directions at the BMA during 2015-2017 and explore whether the BMA’s urban expansion trend is related to the EEC. The results revealed that the built-up areas increased by 24,033 hectares (22.8%). The urban districts with high urban density slowly developed, while the rural districts tended to urbanize with a high urbanization rate, approximately 6.8% per year. The BMA urban areas mainly expanded to the east (14.9% per year) and southeast (21.6% per year) under partial impacts from the EEC infrastructure projects. The research findings represent a concept for assessing urban expansion and pointing to the regions of concern, which will be meaningful for urban planning and policymaking.
Üniversiteye Giriş Sınavlarında Yer Alan Türkçe Testlerindeki Paragraf Sorularının Çeşitli Açılardan İncelenmesi
Authors: KAN M. Onur , DUMAN Seyran
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı 2011-2020 yılları arasında yapılan üniversiteye giriş sınavlarında yer alan Türkçe testlerindeki paragraf sorularının sayısını, madde köklerini, paragrafı oluşturan sözcük sayısını ve söz konusu soruların Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisi’ne göre hangi bilgi alanı ve bilişsel süreç boyutunda olduğunu belirlemektir. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından temel nitel araştırma deseninde tasarlanan bu araştırmada verilerin toplanmasında doküman analizi kullanılmıştır. 2011-2020 yılları arasında üniversiteye giriş sınavlarının Türkçe testlerinde yer alan 240 paragraf sorusu incelenmiştir. Araştırmada ulaşılan temel sonuçlar şunlardır: Paragraf sorularının sayısı yıllara göre değişmekle beraber Türkçe testlerindeki soruların en az yüzde 50’sinin paragraf sorusu olduğu belirlenmiştir. 2018 ve sonrasına ait Türkçe testlerindeki paragraf sorularında paragraf başına düşen ortalama sözcük sayısının önceki yıllara göre artış gösterdiği bulgulanmıştır. Taksonominin bilişsel süreç boyutuna dair, incelenen paragraf sorularının büyük bölümünün anlama basamağında olduğu, çözümleme basamağındaki sorulara ise az da olsa yer verildiği, ayrıca söz konusu taksonominin bilgi alanı boyutuna dair de ele alınan paragraf sorularının tamamının kavramsal bilgi düzeyinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada ele alınan paragraf sorularında en çok görülen madde köklerinin “parçada anlatılan kişi ya da yapıta, parçadaki sözleri söyleyene ilişkin yorum ve çıkarımlar” ve “paragrafın ana düşüncesi” olduğu; en az görülenlerin ise “anlatım biçimleri” ve “paragrafın ana duygusu” olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Heritage Diplomacy Discourses in the EU: Notions on Cultural Diplomacy, Cultural Heritage, and Intercultural Dialogue among EU Officials and Heritage Practitioners
Authors: Lähdesmäki Tuuli
Published: July 2021

The European Commission has recently identified cultural heritage as one of the focus areas for EU cultural diplomacy. The article explores EU cultural diplomacy that deals with cultural heritage and discusses the concept of heritage diplomacy based on a discourse analysis of interviews with EU officials and heritage practitioners working at sites awarded the European Heritage Label. How do EU officials and heritage practitioners understand the role of cultural heritage for cultural diplomacy and what kinds of discourses do they use in talking about it? My analysis indicates that heritage diplomacy means different things for EU officials and heritage practitioners. Their discourses on the uses of cultural heritage for diplomacy construct divergent understandings of cultural heritage and heritage diplomacy, and the power relations between these understandings.
Memory for affixes in a long-lag priming paradigm
Authors: Gaston Phoebe , Stockall Linnaea , VanWagenen Sarah , Marantz Alec
Published: July 2021

Psycholinguistic research on the processing of morphologically complex words has largely focused on debates about how/if lexical stems are recognized, stored, and retrieved. Comparatively little processing research has investigated similar issues for functional affixes. In Word or Lexeme Based Morphology (Aronoff 1994), affixes are not representational units on par with stems or roots. This view is in stark contrast to the claims of linguistic theories like Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993), which assign rich representational content to affixes. We conducted a series of eight visual lexical decision studies, evaluating effects of derivational affix priming along with stem priming, identity priming, form priming, and semantic priming at long and short lags. We find robust and consistent affix priming (but not semantic or form priming) with lags up to 33 items, supporting the position that affixes are morphemes, i.e., representational units on par with stems. Intriguingly, we find only weaker evidence for the long-lag stem priming effect found in other studies. We interpret this potential asymmetry in terms of the salience of different morphological contexts for recollection memory.
CTAB genomic DNA-extraction v1
Authors: Burgis Michael
Published: July 2021

Protocol for the isolation of genomic DNA for a wide range of plant species. This protocol is based on a paper published by Aboul-Maaty et al. 2019 (https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-019-0066-1). Comments have been added in bold in brackets. CTAB is used here to filter out phenolic compounds usually found in plant samples that cannot be removed otherwise. We tried extracting DNA using established protocols for C.reinhardtii although this doesn't work that well and the quality of the sample is very poor.
Review of the article “Comparison of clips and electrosurgical instruments in sealing of lymphatic vessels during pelvic lymph node dissection at the time of radical cystectomy”
Authors: Нюшко К. М.
Published: July 2021

Рак мочевого пузыря (РМП) является актуальной проблемой современной онкоурологии и занимает одно из лидирующих мест в структуре онкоурологической патологии. Хирургическое лечение является золотым стандартом при проведении радикального лечения у больных данной патологией. У больных мышечно-инвазивным РМП радикальная цистэктомия, подразумевающая удаление мочевого пузыря в едином блоке с предстательной железой и семенными пузырьками у мужчин или одномоментной экстирпацией матки с придатками и резекцией передней стенки влагалища у женщин в сочетании с одномоментным выполнением расширенной тазовой лимфаденэктомии до уровня бифуркации аорты или до нижней брыжеечной артерии (в случае наличия визуально измененных лимфатических узлов в полости малого таза) является общепризнанным стандартом. Такой существенный объем хирургического вмешательства зачастую может приводить к развитию серьезных осложнений и нежелательных побочных эффектов операции, а расширенная лимфаденэктомия зачастую может сопровождаться явлениями длительной лимфореи, образованием симптоматических лимфокист, требующих дренирования после операции, а также явлениями лимфедемы (лимфостаза). По этой причине тема, предложенная авторами к рассмотрению в данной статье, является весьма актуальной. Авторы провели анализ собственных результатов лечения 60 больных, перенесших радикальную цистэктомию с различными вариантами деривации мочи и оценили риск развития осложнений, связанных с выполнением расширенной тазовой лимфаденэктомии.
Transurethral resection of bladder cancer involving the orifice of the ureter
Authors: Novikov A. I. , Leonenkov R. V. , Temkin D. B. , Borovik M. V. , Shpilenya E. S. , Alferova N. V.
Published: July 2021

In 90-95 % of cases, urothelial cancer primarily affects the bladder and in about 5-49 % of patients it can be located near or completely close the orifice of the ureter. Metachronous urothelial cancer of the upper urinary tract occurs, as a rule, 3 or more years after transurethral resection of the primary bladder tumor or radical cystectomy, and its frequency with involvement of the ureteral orifice ranges from 0 to 20 %, reaching 51 %. Currently, there are no clear recommendations and diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the management of this category of patients. This review examines the frequency, possible causes and risk factors for recurrence of upper urinary tract tumors, indications for organ-preserving treatment, features of surgical technique for transurethral resection of ureteral orifice tumors, emerging complications and methods of their prevention.
Comparative pharmacoeconomic analysis of biologicals used for metastatic urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Tolkushin A. G. , Luchinin E. A. , Holownia-Voloskova M. E.
Published: July 2021

Objective: to determine the economic and clinical consequences of using atezolizumab in metastatic urothelial cancer compared with pembrolizumab and nivolumab.

Materials and methods. An assessment of the effectiveness and safety of medicines for urothelial cancer was carried out on the basis of a systematic search and review of clinical studies and an analysis of direct medical costs for medicines from public procurement in Moscow in 2019-2020 and information from official instructions for medical use.

Results. Systematic search identifies 4, 4 and 7 clinical trials of nivolumab, pembrolizumab and atezolizumab, respectively, as well as 2 meta-analyses. The obtained data on the efficacy and safety did not allow us to identify greater or lesser effective options. Calculation of cost of three months therapy revealed that the cost of atezolizumab (935 thousand rubles) is 7 % lower vs. pembrolizumab (1 million rubles) and 18 % lower vs. nivolumab (1,136 million rubles). Thus, when using atezolizumab instead of pembrolizumab or atezolizumab, budget savings may occur, or allowing additional therapy to be provided to every 14th or every 6th patient, respectively within fixed budget.

Conclusion. The use of atezolizumab in metastatic urothelial cancer led to budget savings or the possibility of additional treatment coverage with immuno-oncological therapy.
Retrograde endoscopic assisted percutaneous treatment of urinary fistulas after partial nephrectomy
Authors: Guliev B. G. , Korol E. I. , Avazkhanov Zh. P. , Yakubov Kh. Kh. , Agagyulov M. U. , Talyshinskiy A. E.
Published: July 2021

Background. Urinary fistulas (UFs) are one of the most significant complications after partial nephrectomy. Placement of an ureteral stent eliminates urine extravasation in the majority of patients. However, some of them have persistent UFs despite upper urinary tract drainage. Such cases require retrograde injection of fibrin glue into the renal cavity through a ureteroscope or via the percutaneous approach. Some authors reported cases of simultaneous use of 2 stents and percutaneous cryoablation of the fistula, but these techniques are rare and, therefore, it is problematic to evaluate their efficacy.

Objective: to evaluate the results of the new treatment method for the elimination of persistent UFs using the retrograde endoscopic percutaneous approach.

Materials and methods. This study included 5 patients (3 males and 3 females) with UFs developed after kidney resection. Mean age of the patients was 55.8 years. The tumor size was 2.5 to 4.8 cm; mean R.E.N.A.L. score was 7.8. All patients had earlier undergone minimally invasive partial nephrectomy; the time between surgery and UF development varied between 3 and 10 days. Four out of 5 patients had a large amount of discharge from their paranephral drainage system, examination of which confirmed high creatinine level. Patients underwent flexible ureteropyelography in the lithotomy position. During this procedure, we identified the damaged calyx and then performed percutaneous puncture targeting the distal end of the endoscope at this calyx, ensuring that the tip of the needle appeared in the paranephral cavity in front of the injured calyx. Using the flexible ureteroscope, we inserted the needle into the pelvis, dilated the puncture opening along the string, and installed a nephrostomy drainage system (12 Fr). Then the endoscope was removed and the ureter was additionally drained with a stent. The stent was removed after 8-10 days with subsequent antegrade pyelography. If there was no extravasation, the nephrostomy tube was removed and the patient was discharged from hospital to continue treatment in outpatient settings.

Results. All patients with UFs resulting from partial nephrectomy was successfully operated on. No complications were registered. The mean surgery time was 45.0 ± 20.5 min (range: 40-65 min). Only two patients had some discharge from the fistula within 1 day after nephrostomy tube removal and it stopped without any additional interventions. Three patients had their fistula healed immediately. The treatment efficacy during the whole follow-up period of 18 ± 4 months (range: 6-26 months) was 100 %.

Conclusion. Ureteral stenting ensures elimination of UFs in the majority of patients after partial nephrectomy. In individuals with persistent UFs, retrograde endoscopic percutaneous drainage of the pelvicalyceal system is the method of choice, because it allows rapid and effective treatment of UFs.
The role of targeted biopsy methods in the prostate cancer diagnosis
Authors: Petov V. S. , Sapelko A. V. , Danilov S. P. , Chernov Ya. N. , Taratkin M. S. , Amosov A. V. , Enikeev D. V. , Krupinov G. E.
Published: July 2021

The current prostate cancer screening program results in unnecessary biopsies in a quarter of patients, overdiagnosis of clinically insignificant prostate cancer (ISUP 1) and overtreatment. Intoducing multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging into routine practice before biopsy allows to decrease the number of biopsies, thereby reducing the burden on clinicians and increasing the likelihood of detecting clinically significant forms of prostate cancer (ISUP >2).  The objective of this literature review is to compare targeted biopsy techniques and to determine their current role in the prostate cancer diagnosis.
Laparoscopic single port radical nephrectomy challenges: a case presentation
Authors: Yusof M. R. , Arunasalam A. P. , Saiful Azli M. Z. , Lee C. K.S. , Fahmy O. , Khairul-Asri M. G.
Published: July 2021

Renal cell carcinoma accounts 2 % of global cancer diagnoses and death. In Malaysia, its occurrence is found in 1.9 in 100,000 patients and more predominantly in male with ratio male to female of 2.75:1 in 2006. Radical nephrectomy has been proven to give the best chance of cure and long term survival. Throughout the years, conventional open surgery has evolved to single port laparoscopic surgery. It has its own advantages, difficulties and cases selections criteria. We report a successful case of Laparoscopic single port surgery in a renal cell carcinoma patient with underlying prostate carcinoma.
Review of the article “Laparoscopic single port radical nephrectomy challenges: a case presentation”
Authors: Перлин Д. В.
Published: July 2021

Радикальная нефрэктомия продолжает оставаться «золотым стандартом» лечения злокачественных новообразований почки больших размеров [1]. Многими исследованиями показаны одинаковые онкологические результаты лапароскопических операций с открытыми вмешательствами, при гораздо лучшем косметическом эффекте и меньшем количестве осложнений [2]. В течение трех десятилетий, прошедших после выполнения Ральфом Клейманом первой лапароскопической радикальной нефрэктомии [3], продолжались поиски наименее инвазивных и наиболее эффективных методов этой  эндоскопической операции. Ряд исследований посвящен сравнительнению трансперитонеального и ретроперитонеального доступа, оценке методик hand-assistance, NOTES и даже роботической нефрэктомии [4].

Разработка целого ряда специальных эндоскопических инструментов и портов для их введения привели к концу первой декады двухтысячных к достаточно бурному развитию, так называемой, однопортовой  (single‑port) хирургии [5]. Наша клиника, как и многие коллеги, тоже активно внедряли в этот период однопортовые операции, включая нефрэктомию. Поэтому я не только хорошо понимаю трудности, которые подробно описывают авторы при выполнении основных этапов операции, но и пути их разрешения, такие как перемещение камеры между портами или смена оптики с другим углом зрения. Кроме того, возможно дополнительно использовать отдельный 3-5 мм порт [6], что, впрочем, делает вмешательство «не совсем однопортовым».
Renal cell carcinoma with metastases to the external genitalia. Literature review and case report
Authors: Menshikov K. V. , Sultanbaev A. V. , Musin Sh. I. , Izmaylov A. A. , Muginov R. R. , Menshikova I. A. , Sharifgaleev I. A. , Lipatov D. O. , Sultanbaeva N. I.
Published: July 2021

Annually, up to 300 thousand new cases of kidney cancer and more than 134 thousand deaths associated with this disease are registered in the world. In the Russian Federation in 2019, 20,758 patients with a newly diagnosed renal cell carcinoma were registered; it should be noted that at the end of 2019, 177,755 patients with this diagnosis were registered. The issue of renal cell carcinoma metastasis seems to be quite relevant. The most common organs for metastatic renal cell carcinoma are lungs (up to 55 %), lymph nodes (up to 34 %), liver (up to 32 %), bones (up to 32 %), adrenal glands (up to 19 %), contralateral kidney (up to 11 %) and the brain (up to 5.7 %). The incidence of skin metastases in renal cell carcinoma ranges from 2.8 to 6.8 %, according to various authors.

Our publication presents a case of treatment of a patient with a rare localization of renal cell carcinoma metastases in the external genital organs. The patient underwent palliative nephrectomy and vulvectomy. Taking into account the data on the prevalence of the disease, therapy with cabozantinib is carried out. Cabosantinib is an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase domains of a number of growth factors, angiogenesis, abnormal bone remodeling, metastasis, and drug resistance.
The state of oncology care in Russia. Kidney cancer (morbidity, mortality, index of accuracy, one-year and year-by-year mortality, histological structure). Part 1
Authors: Merabishvili V. M. , Poltorackiy A. N. , Nosov A. K. , Artem'eva A. S. , Merabishvili E. N.
Published: July 2021

Background. About 25,000 (2018 - 24,291) new cases of kidney cancer (KC) are registered in Russia annually, in the Northwestern Federal District of Russia in 2018 - 2504.

Kidney cancer refers to localizations with a relatively low mortality rate. Mortality in the first year of observation is about 20 %. At the same time, an unfavorable trend in the dynamics of morbidity should be noted. Over the past 10 years, the annual growth rate for both sexes was 3.18%, mortality practically did not change, which indicates certain success in the treatment of patients.

Materials and methods. The materials of the research were the monographs of IARC “Cancer on five continents”, reference books of the P.A. Herzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute and the database of the population cancer register of the Northwestern Federal District of the Russia own materials. Standard methods of statistical analysis were used.

Results. The study revealed positive trends in the quality of registration of patients with kidney cancer, dynamics of mortality and survival of patients.

Conclusion. The positive dynamics of the incidence rate of the population of Russia with kidney cancer has been established, and its place in the world community has been determined. Age-specific levels are close to those in the United States.

Particular attention is paid to the need to use the Russian population cancer register database to obtain reliable data for an objective assessment of the activities of the oncological service in relation to kidney cancer.
Maria Sklodowska-Curie, Pierre Curie
Authors: Karyakin O. B.
Published: July 2021

On July 26, 1895, Pierre Curie and Maria Sklodowska were married.  On June 23, 1903, Maria presented her doctoral dissertation “Investigation of radioactive substances” at the Sorbonne, which described the results of hard work in previous years, including the isolation of new elements - polonium and radium. In the same 1903, Marie and Pierre Curie were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics “in recognition of the exceptional services they rendered to science through the joint research of radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel”. She became the first female - laureate and remained the only one until 1935, when her daughter Irene was awarded the Nobel Prize.  In 1911, Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry “for outstanding achievements in the development of chemistry: the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element”. Marie Curie became the first and to date the only woman in the world -twice the Nobel Prize winner.  After many years, the proposal of Marie and Pierre Curie on the use of radium in medicine has been implemented at the present time. Studied and proved its effectiveness in the treatment of bone metastases of prostate cancer.  The merits of these scientists before the whole world can hardly be overestimated. Humanity gratefully keeps a good memory for great discoveries for the benefit of people.
Review of the article “The first experience of transperineal prostate biopsy without antibiotic prophylaxis”
Authors: Зырянов А. В.
Published: July 2021

Целью проспективного исследования, результаты которого опубликованы в данной статье, явилось изучение возможности сокращения использования антибактериальных препаратов для проведения трансперинеальной биопсии предстательной железы в амбулаторных условиях. В последнее время специалистами активно обсуждается необходимость поиска и изучения оптимальных режимов антибиотикопрофилактики перед биопсией ПЖ в связи со стремительно растущей резистентностью флоры кишки к фторхинолонам и запретом их использования для антибиотикопрофилактики. Первые публикации по профилактике инфекционных осложнений при биопсии простаты относятся к в 1982 году, когда Thompson и соавторы выявили 100% бактериемию после ТР биопсии простаты. В 87% случаев авторы констатировали развитие инфекции мочевой системы, отметив наличие широкого спектра микроорганизмов от аэробной грам-позитивной и грам-негативной до анаэробной флоры в крови и моче после ТР биопсии простаты. В этом же 1982 году Crawford и соавторы опубликовали данные рандомизированного двойного слепого исследования у 63 пациентов, посвященного эффективности антибиотикопрофилактики инфекции мочевого тракта и сепсиса. Двухдневная терапия карбенициллином  позволила снизить бактериурию с 36% до 9% по сравнению с контрольной группой без антибиотиков.

В последующие годы проводилось довольно много исследований, посвященных антибактериальной профилактике осложнений ТР биопсии простаты. Результаты этих исследований как правило автоматически распространялись и на перинеальную методику. Не могу не согласиться с логическим рассуждением авторов статьи о том, что промежностный доступ при выполнении биопсии простаты менее опасен в отношении инфекционных осложнений по сравнению с трансректальным. Также интересны полученные данные об отсутствии достоверных различий в частоте возникновения инфекционных осложнений (инфекция мочевых путей, инфекция мягких тканей промежности, простатит, лихорадка, сепсис) между группами. Однако, ряд ограничений в отборе пациентов в исследование (наличие уретрального катетера или цистостомического дренажа, патология кожи промежности, контаминация мочи микроорганизмами) не позволяют пока совсем отказаться от антибактериальной профилактики при перинеальной биопсии и требуют продолжения изучения данной очень актуальной темы.
Comparison of treatment results for patients with high-risk prostate cancer according to the EAU and NCCN criteria
Authors: Reva S. A. , Nosov A. K. , Korol V. D. , Arnautov A. V. , Zyatchin I. V. , Berkut M. V. , Petrov S. B. , Belyaev A. M.
Published: July 2021

Background. High-risk prostate cancer (PCa) occurs in 15-25 % of newly diagnosed cases and is a life-threatening condition that requires active treatment. In recent years, the percentage of high-risk PCa has significantly increased, as well as the number of prostatectomies performed in patients with unfavorable morphologic features. However, the high-risk group criteria are not fully defined yet. According to various medical associations, a locally advanced or localized disease may have a high risk of progression. 

Study objective: to evaluate early and long-term results of treatment of patients with high-risk PCa depending on the high-risk group criteria. 

Materials and methods. The analysis includes results of radical surgical treatment of 832 patients with localized or locally advanced high-risk PCa treated in three medical institutions in St. Petersburg in the period from 2001 to 2019. Clinically high-risk group included patients with one of the following criteria: prostate specific antigen level >20 ng/ml, Gleason score >8, stage (cT); according to the last criterion two groups of patients were identified: HR-EAU (≥cT2c; n = 408) and HR-NCCN (≥cT3a; n = 282). 

Results. The average prostate specific antigen level was 21.09 and 26.63 ng/ml, respectively, in HR-EAU and HR-NCCN groups (p< 0.0001). The incidence of positive surgical margin, positive lymph nodes (pN+), five-year recurrence-free, cancer-specific, and overall survival did not differ significantly between the clinically high-risk groups. When evaluated according to the criteria obtained from pathomorphological examination of the removed prostate, the HR-NCCN group showed higher frequency of positive surgical margin (24.8 % vs. 19.2 %) and frequency of pN+ (22.4 % vs. 10.4 %). Analysis of long-term outcomes showed less favorable 5-year results in the HR-NCCN group (recurrence-free, cancerspecific, overall survival - 54.8, 87.0, 83.7 %) compared to the HR-EAU group (recurrence-free, cancer-specific, overall survival - 71.0, 92.1, 88.2 %) (p <0.02 for all). 

Conclusion. Differences in the high-risk group criteria by clinical indicators between associations do not affect early (frequency of positive surgical margin, pN+) and long-term (recurrence-free, cancer-specific, overall survival) outcomes. Pathomorphological indicators are less favorable when evaluated according to NCCN. According to our results, any of the proposed models can be used before radical prostatectomy to determine the prognosis of high-risk PCa patients. However, the NCCN morphological prognostic factors allow better prediction of outcomes and, in accordance with them, prescribe treatment that corresponds to the aggressiveness of the disease.
First experiment study in cytoreductive prostatectomy in patients with oligo-metastatic prostate cancer following neoadjuvant chemohormonotherapy
Authors: Mager V. O. , Orlov A. S. , Gilmutdinov T. R. , Veshkina A. A. , Kovalenko D. A. , Zamyatin A. V.
Published: July 2021

Background. Nowadays there is no consensus on application of cytoreductive prostatectomy in a complex therapy in patients with oligo-metastatic prostate cancer.

Study objective: assessment of short-term results of neoadjuvant chemohormonotherapy followed by cytoreductive prostatectomy in patients with oligo-metastatic prostate cancer.

Materials and methods. Cytoreductive prostatectomy was performed in 7 patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer.

Results. Postoperative complications in 3 (42.9 %) out of 7 treated patients were classified as grade IIIb according to Clavien-Dindo scale. Post-surgical analysis of prostate tissue samples showed therapeutic pathomorphism of grade II in 3 patients (42.9 %), grade III in 1 patient (14.3 %) and grade IV in another patient (14.3 %). Urinary continence regained in all the patients. Average postoperative supervision period took 12 months. Disease progression was diagnosed in 1 patient (14.3 %).

Conclusion. Combined application of neoadjuvant chemohormonotherapy followed by cytoreductive prostatectomy can be considered as an alternative method of treatment in a properly selected group of patients with oligo-metastatic prostate cancer.
Review of the article “First experiment study in cytoreductive prostatectomy in patients with oligo-metastatic prostate cancer following neoadjuvant chemohormonotherapy”
Authors: Широкорад В. А.
Published: July 2021

Авторы статьи обратились к очень интересной проблеме в онкоурологии: имеет ли право на существование простатэктомия у больных с наличием исходно установленного метастатического рака предстательной железы (РПЖ).
Reply to review of the article “First experiment study in cytoreductive prostatectomy in patients with oligo-metastatic prostate cancer following neoadjuvant chemohormonotherapy”
Authors: авторов коллектив
Published: July 2021

В продолжение дискуссии о мультимодальном лечении при олигометастатическом раке предстательной железы нам представляется возможным ответить на вопросы уважаемому рецензенту.
Low and high-dose-rate brachytherapy in combination with external beam radiotherapy for high risk prostate cancer
Authors: Solodkiy V. A. , Pavlov A. Yu. , Tsibulskii A. D. , Panshin G. A. , Dzidzaria A. G. , Mirzahanov R. I.
Published: July 2021

Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) in the Russian Federation takes the leading place in the prevalence of cancer among the male population.

Objective: to investigate the effect of increasing a single focal dose in high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDR-BT) in combination with external beam radiotherapy on biochemical failure-free survival and local control in patients with high-risk PCa. Materials and methods. The study included 350 men with PCa in the group of high and extremely high risk of progression. All patients included in the study were divided into 4 groups. Groups 1, 2 and 3 included 276 patients who received HDR-BT with a 192Ir source with a single dose per fraction: 10 Gy (n = 83), 12 Gy (n = 46) and 15 Gy (n = 147). Group 4 included 74 patients who received low-dose-rate brachytherapy with 125I sources up to a total focal dose of 110 Gy. At the 2 stage, external beam radiotherapy was a conventional fractionation (single dose of 2 Gy, total - 44-46 Gy).

Results. Of 350 patients over a 5-year follow-up period, PCa recurrence was noted in 65 (18.6 %). The 3- and 5-year biochemical failure-free survival rates in the general cohort of patients were 87.4 and 81.4 %. 5-year biochemical failure-free survival was significantly higher in group 3 relative to group 4 and amounted to 89.8 and 74.2 % (p = 0.03). Increasing the dose for HDR-BT from 10 to 12 Gy per fraction significantly reduced the frequency of local relapses from 15.7 % (in group 1) to 2.2 % (in group 2) (p = 0.0001) while maintaining the level of genitourinary and gastrointestinal toxicity. Conclusion. The use of a combination of brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy in patients with high risk PCa is highly effective in achieving local control of the tumor. The optimal fractionation regime for HDR-BT remains a matter of debate. The use of 15 Gy per fraction for HDR-BT in combination with external beam radiotherapy is the most optimal fractionation regimen in patients with high-risk PCa.
Comparison of clips and electrosurgical instruments in sealing of lymphatic vessels during pelvic lymph node dissection at the time of radical cystectomy
Authors: Kotov S. V. , Prostomolotov A. О. , Nemenov A. A. , Klimenko A. A. , Pavlov I. S.
Published: July 2021

Background. Bladder cancer is very common and real problem in oncourology. The main treatment for muscle invasive bladder cancer is radical cystectomy (RC). RC with pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) may be associated with an increased risk of developing lymphatic complications such as lymphedema, prolonged lymphorrhea, and the formation of lymphocele.

Objective: to compare the efficiency of clips and surgical instruments for preventing the development of lymphatic complications during PLND at the time of RC.

Materials and methods. From January 2016 to October 2020 at the N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University on the basis of N.I. Pirogov City Clinical Hospital No. 1 were performed 60 RC with PLND. All patients were divided into two groups. The 1st group included patients who underwent the sealing of lymphatic vessels using titanium/polymer clips (n = 30). In the 2nd group the sealing was performed using ultrasonic/bipolar instruments (n = 30). All operations were performed by one surgeon. The study used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results. The overall percentage of lymphatic complications was 29 (48.3 %) out of 60 patients. Out of them 7 (11.7 %) patients developed symptomatic lymphocele, and 3 (5.0 %) developed asymptomatic lymphocele, prolonged lymphorrhea was observed in 17 (28.3 %) patients, lymphedema of the lower extremities or genitals in 2 (3.3 %). The percentage of lymphatic complications in the 1st group was 66.7 % (n = 20), and in the 2nd group - 30.0 % (n = 9) (p = 0.004). In multivariate analysis the statistical significance was (p = 0.014), a high odds ratio (6.83; 95 % confidence interval 1.48-31.49) was observed with sealing of lymphatic vessels with clips, while a low odds ratio (0.14; 95 % confidence interval 0.03-0.67) was found with electrosurgical instruments.

Conclusion. The use of ultrasonic or bipolar electrosurgical instruments can be an effective method for preventing the development of lymphatic complications during PLND at the time of RC.
The first experience of transperineal prostate biopsy without antibiotic prophylaxis
Authors: Chernysheva D. Yu. , Popov S. V. , Orlov I. N. , Tsoy A. V. , Neradovskiy V. A.
Published: July 2021

Objective: to study the safety of omitting the antibiotic prophylaxis before transperineal prostate biopsy.

Materials and methods. The prospective randomized study included data, obtained during the diagnostical process of 85 patients, who underwent transperineal prostate biopsy in 2020. In the control group (n = 50) patients received 1 g Ceftriaxone IV 1 h before the biopsy. In the study group (n = 35) biopsy was performed without previous antibacterial prophylaxis. Age median was 63.2 (52-75) years.

Results. No significant differences in the infection complications rate (UTI, soft tissues infections, prostatitis, fever, sepsis) were obtained between the groups. No patient developed UTI, prostatitis or sepsis, confirmed with urine culture.

Conclusion. Performing transperineal prostate biopsy without antibiotic prophylaxis seems to be a safe alternative to common prophylaxis regiments, dedicated to infection complications prevention after prostate biopsy.
Development of Wholesale and Retail Trade, Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles Business in Rangpur Division
Authors: Faruque Omar , Rahman Md. Motiur
Published: July 2021

Bangladesh has already become a middle-income country. Yet its large number of working people is still jobless. The importance of Wholesale, Retail, Motor-vehicle workshop, and Motorcycle businesses (WRMB) for solving employment problems in a short time is immense. WRMB can pave the way for the employment of these people. There are eighteen types of manufacturing and service activity in the small-scale industry (SSI) sector. Out of this WRMB activity sector holds the height contribution in number. This paper attempts to discover the present situation of the Growth and Development of the Wholesale, Retail, Motor-vehicle workshops, and Motorcycle businesses in the Rangpur Division of Bangladesh during 2013-14 to 2017-18. The study is empirical. Both the primary and secondary data have been used in this study. Primary data is collected from 200 wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, and motorcycles activity. The study found a simple correlation between financial conditions of the WRMB with the three dependent variables `net sales 2013-14’, `net sales 2017-18’, and `average net sales’.
On the Relationship between Education Reforms and Sustainable Development: Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Oluyomi Oluwatosin Olatunji , Ajayi Felix Odunayo , George Emmanuel O.
Published: July 2021

Nigeria between 1980 and 2018 shows a mixed relationship between education reforms and sustainable development. In 2016, over 45 percent of Nigerian graduates are unemployed and about a 39.4 percent increase in education enrolment rate had resulted in stagnated economic sustainable development in Nigeria. Following the endogenous growth theory and the environmental Kuznets hypothesis underpinnings, this study investigated the cause and effect of education reforms and sustainable development in Nigeria between 1980 and 2018. The descriptive statistics employed describe the data distribution of the included variables while the vector error correction model (VECM) econometric technique was used to determine the short-run and long-run impact of education reforms on economic, social, and environmentally sustainable development in Nigeria. The results found that qualitative education reform has a positive impact on economic and environmentally sustainable development while quantitative education has a negative impact on socially sustainable development in the long run. Further, the short-run, VECM results revealed that qualitative education reforms will speedily affect economic, social, and environmentally sustainable development than the quantitative education reforms within the period of study. The study recommends that quantity and quality education reforms should be seen as complementary and not a substitute in achieving sustainable development by the year 2030 in Nigeria.
Optimization of Bike Routes for Sustainable Urban Road Network
Authors: El-Bany Marwa S.
Published: July 2021

The transport department of urban cities always needs to keep abreast of sustainable developments such as in Port Said city that is an important urban city in Egypt. Bike routes planning mission is not an easy occupation, especially in developing countries. Mixed traffic is the main shape of the transportation system in most of their systems. The increase of the bike user's percent is an expected objective and be one of the modern sustainable transport solutions. On another side, a lot of problems and accidents had been occurred according to bike crossings among other transport vehicles; cars, buses, taxis, and others.  This paper aims at studying the introduction of the bike route's effectiveness. It concludes the driver's reaction to a definite planning scenario and the optimistic effect of the modal change on the objective function that has been assumed by attaching a suitable time-saving for bike users using the Artificial Neural Network ANNs Approach. It shows the effect of bike speed change on the route using a greedy algorithm. The study designated only four streets from seven selected streets to be suitable routes for bike routes introduction. The average bike speed is predicted to increase from 1.5 km per hour to be 2.4 km per hour after introducing the bike routes.
Virtual Dispersive Network in the Prevention of Third Party Interception: A Way of Dealing with Cyber Threat
Authors: Ganapathy Apoorva
Published: July 2021

Virtual Dispersive Network (VDN) in preventing third party interception - a way of dealing with cyber threats. VDN is a unique approach to cybersecurity, wherein a signal is transmitted in short bursts or quantum packets, which can't be covertly read without disrupting their content. No one can intercept data sent to you without introducing some noise in it. In this study, we have explored the use of Virtual Dispersive Network in cybersecurity which is still an innovation in the fight against cyberattacks however is still shows considerable potential in reducing cyberattacks on wireless networks drastically.