bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Blood pressure outcomes at 12 months in primary care patients prescribed remote physiological monitoring for hypertension: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Petito Lucia C. , Anthony Lauren , Peprah Yaw , Lee Ji Young , Li Jim , Sato Hironori , Persell Stephen D.
Published: July 2023

Remote patient monitoring (RPM) for hypertension enables automatic transmission of blood pressure (BP) and pulse into the electronic health record (EHR), but its effectiveness in primary care is unknown. This pragmatic matched cohort study using EHR data compared BP outcomes between individuals prescribed RPM and temporally-matched controls from six primary care practices. We retrospectively created a cohort of 288 Medicare-enrolled patients prescribed BP RPM (cases) and 1152 propensity score-matched controls (1:4). Matching was based on age, sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), marital status, and other characteristics. Outcomes at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months were: controlling high BP (most recent BP < 140/90 mm Hg), antihypertensive medication intensification, and most recent SBP assessed using: all measurements, and office measurements only. At baseline, RPM-prescribed patients and controls had similar ages and systolic BP. BP control diverged at 3 months (RPM: 72.2%, control: 51%,p < 0.001). This difference persisted but decreased over follow-up. After 12 months, the RPM-prescribed cohort had greater BP control (RPM: 71.5%, control: 58.1%,p < 0.001) and lower SBP (132.3 versus 136.5 mm Hg,p = 0.003) using all measurements, but they did not differ using only office measurements (12 month BP control: 60.8% versus 58.1%,p = 0.44; SBP: 135.9 versus 136.5 mm Hg,p = 0.91). At 12 months, the most recent BP measurements were more current for RPM-prescribed patients (median [IQR] 8 [0–109] versus 134 [56–239] days). Net increases in antihypertensive medications by 12 months were similar. Implementation of RPM in primary care could inform hypertension management strategies and increase hypertension control. Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05562921.
How can we improve the care of patients with schizophrenia in the real-world? A population-based cohort study of 456,003 patients
Authors: Fond Guillaume , Falissard Bruno , Nuss Philippe , Collin Cedric , Duret Stephanie , Rabbani Marc , De Chefdebien Isabelle , Tonelli Isabelle , Llorca Pierre Michel , Boyer Laurent
Published: July 2023

An important step to improve outcomes for patients with schizophrenia is to understand treatment patterns in routine practice. The aim of the current study was to describe the long-term management of patients with schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics (APs) in real-world practice. This population-based study included adults with schizophrenia and who had received ≥3 deliveries of an AP from 2012–2017, identified using a National Health Data System. Primary endpoints were real-life prescription patterns, patient characteristics, healthcare utilization, comorbidities and mortality. Of the 456,003 patients included, 96% received oral APs, 17.5% first-generation long-acting injectable APs (LAIs), and 16.1% second generation LAIs. Persistence rates at 24 months after treatment initiation were 23.9% (oral APs), 11.5% (first-generation LAIs) and 20.8% (second-generation LAIs). Median persistence of oral APs, first-generation LAIs and second-generation LAIs was 5.0, 3.3, and 6.1 months, respectively. Overall, 62.1% of patients were administered anxiolytics, 45.7% antidepressants and 28.5% anticonvulsants, these treatments being more frequently prescribed in women and patients aged ≥50 years. Dyslipidemia was the most frequent metabolic comorbidity (16.2%) but lipid monitoring was insufficient (median of one occasion). Metabolic comorbidities were more frequent in women. Standardized patient mortality remained consistently high between 2013 and 2015 (3.3–3.7 times higher than the general French population) with a loss of life expectancy of 17 years for men and 8 years for women. Cancer (20.2%) and cardiovascular diseases (17.2%) were the main causes of mortality, and suicide was responsible for 25.4% of deaths among 18–34-year-olds. These results highlight future priorities for care of schizophrenia patients. The global persistence of APs used in this population was low, whereas rates of psychiatric hospitalization remain high. More focus on specific populations is needed, such as patients aged >50 years to prevent metabolic disturbances and 18–34-year-olds to reduce suicide rates.
Rational design of alcoholic fermentation targeting extracellular carbon
Authors: Watanabe Daisuke , Kawashima Mikiya , Yoshioka Naoya , Sugimoto Yukiko , Takagi Hiroshi
Published: July 2023

Breeding yeast strains for industrial alcoholic fermentation requires laborious screening due to the lack of in vivo modification strategies. Here we show that quiescence-specific cell wall thickening via synthesis of a major component, 1,3-β-glucan, critically antagonizes cellular fermentation ability by sequestering the available cytoplasmic carbon sources. This study provides insights into glycolytic control and reports an effective and reliable rational fermentation design.
Bankable human iPSC-derived retinal progenitors represent a valuable source of multipotent cells
Authors: Gozlan Sandy , Batoumeni Vivien , Fournier Tara , Nanteau Céline , Potey Anais , Clémençon Marilou , Orieux Gaël , Sahel José-Alain , Goureau Olivier , Roger Jérôme E. , Reichman Sacha
Published: July 2023

Retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) are the source of all retinal cell types during retinogenesis. Until now, the isolation and expansion of RPCs has been at the expense of their multipotency. Here, we report simple methods and media for the generation, expansion, and cryopreservation of human induced pluripotent stem-cell derived-RPCs (hiRPCs). Thawed and passed hiRPCs maintained biochemical and transcriptional RPC phenotypes and their ability to differentiate into all retinal cell types. Specific conditions allowed the generation of large cultures of photoreceptor precursors enriched up to 90% within a few weeks and without a purification step. Combined RNA-seq analysis between hiRPCs and retinal organoids identified genes involved in developmental or degenerative retinal diseases. Thus, hiRPC lines could provide a valuable source of retinal cells for cell-based therapies or drug discovery and could be an advanced cellular tool to better understand retinal dystrophies.
Mediator 1 ablation induces enamel-to-hair lineage conversion in mice through enhancer dynamics
Authors: Thaler Roman , Yoshizaki Keigo , Nguyen Thai , Fukumoto Satoshi , Den Besten Pamela , Bikle Daniel D. , Oda Yuko
Published: July 2023

Postnatal cell fate is postulated to be primarily determined by the local tissue microenvironment. Here, we find that Mediator 1 (Med1) dependent epigenetic mechanisms dictate tissue-specific lineage commitment and progression of dental epithelia. Deletion of Med1, a key component of the Mediator complex linking enhancer activities to gene transcription, provokes a tissue extrinsic lineage shift, causing hair generation in incisors. Med1 deficiency gives rise to unusual hair growth via primitive cellular aggregates. Mechanistically, we find that MED1 establishes super-enhancers that control enamel lineage transcription factors in dental stem cells and their progenies. However, Med1 deficiency reshapes the enhancer landscape and causes a switch from the dental transcriptional program towards hair and epidermis on incisors in vivo, and in dental epithelial stem cells in vitro. Med1 loss also provokes an increase in the number and size of enhancers. Interestingly, control dental epithelia already exhibit enhancers for hair and epidermal key transcription factors; these transform into super-enhancers upon Med1 loss suggesting that these epigenetic mechanisms cause the shift towards epidermal and hair lineages. Thus, we propose a role for Med1 in safeguarding lineage specific enhancers, highlight the central role of enhancer accessibility in lineage reprogramming and provide insights into ectodermal regeneration.
Amyloid modifier SERF1a interacts with polyQ-expanded huntingtin-exon 1 via helical interactions and exacerbates polyQ-induced toxicity
Authors: Tsai Tien-Ying , Chen Chun-Yu , Lin Tien-Wei , Lin Tien-Chang , Chiu Feng-Lan , Shih Orion , Chang Ming-Yun , Lin Yu-Chun , Su An-Chung , Chen Chiung-Mei , Jeng U-Ser , Kuo Hung-Chih , Chang Chi-Fon , Chen Yun-Ru
Published: July 2023

Abnormal polyglutamine (polyQ) expansion and fibrillization occur in Huntington’s disease (HD). Amyloid modifier SERF enhances amyloid formation, but the underlying mechanism is not revealed. Here, the fibrillization and toxicity effect of SERF1a on Htt-exon1 are examined. SERF1a enhances the fibrillization of and interacts with mutant thioredoxin (Trx)-fused Httex1. NMR studies with Htt peptides show that TrxHttex1-39Q interacts with the helical regions in SERF1a and SERF1a preferentially interacts with the N-terminal 17 residues of Htt. Time-course analysis shows that SERF1a induces mutant TrxHttex1 to a single conformation enriched of β-sheet. Co-expression of SERF1a and Httex1-polyQ in neuroblastoma and lentiviral infection of SERF1a in HD-induced polypotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons demonstrates the detrimental effect of SERF1a in HD. Higher level of SERF1a transcript or protein is detected in HD iPSC, transgenic mice, and HD plasma. Overall, this study provides molecular mechanism for SERF1a and mutant Httex1 to facilitate therapeutic development for HD.
Active laminated-plate model for spontaneous bending of Hydra tissue fragments driven by supracellular actomyosin bundles
Authors: Su Jian , Wang Haiqin , Yan Zhongyu , Xu Xinpeng
Published: July 2023

The outstanding regeneration ofHydra’s excised tissue fragments occurs via initial spontaneous bending to some quasi-stable shape in several minutes. However, the underlying mechanism and dynamics of such initial spontaneous bending are still debated. Here, we propose that the spontaneous bending is driven mechanically by supracellular actomyosin bundles inherited from parentHydra. Our active laminated-plate (ALP) model predicts that the equilibrium fragment shape is determined by anisotropy in contractility and elasticity. We construct a minimal dynamic ALP model including three dissipation mechanisms. By variational analysis and bead-spring simulations, we find that the bending process starts diffusively from the edges and relaxes exponentially to the equilibrium shape. The different dissipation mechanisms take place at distinct timescales: the viscous drag occurs in 0.001 seconds, while the interlayer frictional sliding and cellular dissipation take place in minutes. The ALP model could be adapted to study multi-layered viscoelastic tissues with nematic cytoskeletal structures and provides a useful framework for tissue morphogenesis and regeneration.
Southern Ocean pinnipeds provide bathymetric insights on the East Antarctic continental shelf
Authors: McMahon Clive R. , Hindell Mark A. , Charrassin Jean Benoit , Coleman Richard , Guinet Christophe. , Harcourt Robert , Labrousse Sara , Raymond Benjemin , Sumner Michael , Ribeiro Natalia
Published: July 2023

Poor coverage of the Antarctic continental shelf bathymetry impedes understanding the oceanographic processes affecting Antarctica’s role in global climate. Continental shelf bathymetry influences warm modified Circumpolar Deep Water movement onto the shelf, making it an important factor promoting ice shelf melting and influencing the flow of ice shelves into the ocean. Building on previous work using seal dives to redefine bathymetry, our longitudinal study of ocean physics and animal behaviour provided new depth information from over 500,000 individual seal dives on the East Antarctic continental shelf. About 25% of these seal dives were 220 m (sometimes over 1000 m) deeper than the interpolated seafloor from IBCSO V2. Focusing on four well-sampled regions, we show that the bathymetry of 22% to 60% of the sampled area was improved by incorporating seal dive data. This revealed new bathymetric features, including troughs off the Shackleton Ice Shelf and Underwood Glacier and a deep canyon near the Vanderford Glacier. This deep canyon, the Mirounga-Nuyina Canyon, was confirmed by a recent multi-beam echo sounder survey. Further acquisitions of seal data will improve our understanding and modelling of Antarctic coastal ocean processes and ice-sheet dynamics.
Generating structural alerts from toxicology datasets using the local interpretable model-agnostic explanations method
Authors: Nascimento Cayque Monteiro Castro , Moura Paloma Guimarães , Pimentel Andre Silva
Published: July 2023

The local interpretable model-agnostic explanations method was used to interpret a machine learning model of toxicology generated by a neural network multitask classifier method.
Determination of 25 polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Chinese mitten crab ecosystems by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Qicai , Song Weiguo , Wang Xianli , Liu Chengbin , Chen Shanshan , Li Huaxi , Rao Qinxiong
Published: July 2023

A sensitive and reliable method for determining 25 PBDEs in Chinese mitten crabs and their ecosystems ranging from the growing environment to edible feed was developed and validated.
Noncovalent interactions in gold(iii) tetrakis(4-butoxyphenyl)porphyrinate structures
Authors: Bardina Elena E. , Makotchenko Eugeniya V. , Birin Kirill P. , Baidina Iraida A. , Sukhikh Taisiya S. , Novikov Alexander S. , Gorbunova Yulia G. , Tsivadze Aslan Yu. , Gushchin Artem L.
Published: July 2023

In this work, three new structures of gold(iii) porphyrinate were obtained, in which multiple noncovalent interactions were revealed.
Deep eutectic solvents induced changes in the phase transition behavior of smart polymers: a sustainable future approach
Authors: Umapathi Reddicherla , Ghoreishian Seyed Majid , Kumar Krishan , Dhiman Diksha , Rani Gokana Mohana , Huh Yun Suk , Venkatesu Pannuru
Published: July 2023

Deep eutectic solvents induced changes in the phase transition behavior of smart polymers.
An interpretable machine learning framework for modelling macromolecular interaction mechanisms with nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Stuart Samantha , Watchorn Jeffrey , Gu Frank X.
Published: July 2023

We use a glass box approach based on decision trees to understand glycoprotein binding with biomedical polymers.
Bio-inspired engineering of Bi2S3–PPy composite for the efficient electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide
Authors: Li Chengjin , Liu Zhengzheng , Zhou Xiaoxia , Zhang Lifang , Fu Zhengqian , Wu Yiji , Lv XiMeng , Zheng Gengfeng , Chen Hangrong
Published: July 2023

Using surface-engineered chemical composites to enhance the binding energy of reaction intermediates and the conductivity is an attractive route to achieve a high partial current density and increased yield of the target products.
Recent progress in B4C–SiC composite ceramics: processing, microstructure, and mechanical properties
Authors: Zhang Wei
Published: July 2023

B4C–SiC composite ceramics exhibit a combination of the desirable performance of B4C and SiC, making them a better candidate material for engineering applications as structural ceramic materials.
Michael addition-driven synthesis of cytotoxic palladium(ii) complexes from chromone thiosemicarbazones: investigation of anticancer activity throughin vitroandin vivostudies
Authors: Haribabu Jebiti , Balakrishnan Nithya , Swaminathan Srividya , Dorairaj Dorothy Priyanka , Azam Mohammad , Subarkhan Mohamed Kasim Mohamed , Chang Yu-Lun , Hsu Sodio C. N. , Štarha Pavel , Karvembu Ramasamy
Published: July 2023

Michael addition derived Pd(ii) complexes exhibited potential anticancer activity in HeLa cellsviaapoptosis.In vivomodels showed that the complexes did not cause any harm to the treated mice, portraying better selectivity than cisplatin.
Fabrication of versatile and sustainable cellulose nanocrystals from lettuce stalks as potential tamoxifen delivery vehicles for breast cancer treatment: biophysical, cellular and theoretical studies
Authors: Khashkhashi-Moghadam Sattar , Soleimani Samane , Bazanjani Aileen , Hoseinpoor Saeideh , Taheri Reza , Mokaberi Parisa , Saberi Mohammad Reza , Chamani Jamshidkhan
Published: July 2023

The synthesis and characterization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) loaded with Tamoxifen (CNCs/TMX) for evaluating their binding mechanism to serum proteins.
Construction of chalcogenide Cu2BaVS4 nanograins from nanocubes via solvothermal synthesis for photoelectrochemical hydrogen/oxygen evaluation in alkaline media and dye degradation applications
Authors: Aslam Sidra , Awais Muhammad , Usman Nimra , Safdar Muhammad
Published: July 2023

In this investigation, we report the synthesis of quaternary chalcogenide semiconductor Cu2BaVS4 (CBVS) nanostructures through the solvothermal method for the first time.
Some Biological Properties of Morganella and Providence Strains
Authors: Zarochentsev M. V. , Molochaeva L. G. , Gayrabekova R. Kh.
Published: July 2023

Hospital infections are extremely dangerous for the health of the patient, and also pose a danger to others, as they have the ability to spread epidemically. The significance of hospital infections also lies in the fact that they cause a longer stay of patients in the hospital, increase labor losses and lead to increased costs of patient care. Based on this, an attempt was made to identify the presence of pathogenicity factors in clinical strains of Providence and Morganella.
Problems of Biodiversity Conservation in Specially Protected and Protected Areas in the Regions
Authors: Dzhabrailov Yusup , Mamaeva Uma
Published: July 2023

Global climate change has an impact on the human potential, economy and ecosystems of all countries of the world, including Russia. A significant contribution to climate change is made by the burning of fossil energy resources, which leads to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and causes the greenhouse effect. The main consequences are an increase in the average annual temperature and the melting of glaciers, which leads to a rise in the level of the world ocean, as well as severe droughts and fires, floods and tsunamis, and a decrease in biodiversity. These changes have a negative impact on the quality of life of people, including the availability of food, health, the suitability of territories for housing and economic activity, and much more1. The global challenges facing the world community as a result of climate change are shaping a comprehensive agenda for international cooperation over the next few decades. The relevance of this agenda will constantly increase, regardless of the various factors of international tension.
Forecast of Long-Term Interaction of Socio-Economic, Natural and Climatic Systems
Authors: Dokhtukaeva A. , Plieva A. M.
Published: July 2023

Global climate change is perceived at the local level mainly through individual shocks. The risks associated with global climate change and global climate policy bring the issue of territorial resilience into focus. It includes not only the ability of territories to recover from shocks of various genesis, but also to adapt to stresses, renew and transform. The problems of managing territorial resilience in the context of global changes are considered in the second section on the example of the implementation of forest climate projects and the problems of sustainable forest management. In the context of the development of the global climate agenda and the gradual formation of mechanisms for paying for greenhouse gas emissions, Russia’s natural advantage is the great potential for CO2 absorption by natural systems on its vast territory, including both forests and abandoned agricultural lands, including those overgrown with forests.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation during Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors: Loskutov Oleh A. , Druzhyna Olexandr M. , Dziuba Dmytro O. , Maruniak Stepan R. , Loskutov Dmytro O. , Veremchuk Sergii F. , Kovtun Havryil I. , Todurov Borys M.
Published: July 2023

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has become an effective method in the treatment of adults and children with severe cardiac and pulmonary dysfunction that is resistant to conventional therapy. The aim of this article was to summarize an experience of ECMO usage for cardiac dysfunction, which develops in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. The study comprised a retrospective, single-center analysis of 23 patients with CHD (19 men and four women, average age 65.7 ± 12.3 years), who undertook the ECMO technique during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. A total of 13 (56.52%) patients died directly in the hospital, or 30 days after a discharge. Independent predictors of fatal outcomes were diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR] = 17.58; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 6.47–47.48; p = .00125), chronic renal failure (CRF) (OR = 20.81; 95% CI = 5.95–72.21; p = .00014), and damage to the right coronary artery (RCA) (OR = 25.51; 95% CI = 8.27–79.12; p = .00013). For deceased patients, the “no reflow” phenomenon was indicated in a larger percentage of cases (23.1% in the group of deceased, vs. 10% in the group of survivors). A routine connection to ECMO before the occurrence of cardiac events was significantly more often used in the group of survived patients (90% of cases) than in the deceased (p = .0000001). Diabetes mellitus, CRF, and damage to the RCA were independent predictors of mortality during percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty in patients with CHD. The routine use of ECMO in high-risk patients with percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty was a positive prognostic factor of patient survival.
In Vitro Evaluation of Flow Distribution in All-Region Perfusion during the Norwood Operation
Authors: Siffring Travis , Prabhu Neel , Smigla Gregory , Kaemmer David
Published: July 2023

Continuous all-region perfusion has the potential to reduce total body ischemia during the Norwood procedure. This technique involves placing cannulas in the innominate artery, descending aorta, and native aortic root, thus providing continuous flow to the whole body at mild hypothermia (32–34°C) during the entire operation. However, the cannulation strategy in this approach must be optimized to achieve adequate flow rates to all vascular beds. To ensure appropriate blood flow rates to three cannulas of different caliber supplied by two inflow pumps, a benchtop evaluation of comparative flow rates through branched cannulas with variable independent perfusion pressures was conducted. Two isolated vertical columns with outlets at 10 mmHg intervals to allow for adjustable perfusion pressures were filled with expired banked packed red blood cells and fresh frozen plasma. The main arterial line was bifurcated with an 8-Fr arterial cannula inserted at the base of one column and a 4-mm (outside diameter [OD]) olive tip cannula inserted at the base of the other column. Flow rates were measured on each branch of the ¼″ arterial lines. Under experimental cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) perfusion pressures of 30–50 mmHg on the 8-Fr arterial cannula column, the branched olive tip cannula accommodated less than 25% of total flow at total flow rates of 50–700 mL/min. This fraction is insufficient to sustain adequate lower body perfusion. However, the olive tip flow fraction was found to be sufficient for coronary blood flow (5–20 mL/kg/min) when olive tip perfusion pressures close to average neonatal diastolic blood pressures (20–60 mmHg) were tested. For all-region perfusion during the Norwood operation, primary CPB arterial flow should be divided to the head and coronary circulation with an independent pump delivering flow to the descending aorta. This should avoid cerebral over-circulation and insufficient flow to the lower body.
Zero-Balance Ultrafiltration during Cardiopulmonary Bypass Is Associated with Decreased Urine Output
Authors: Stammers Alfred H. , Tesdahl Eric A. , Mongero Linda B. , Patel Kirti P. , Petersen Courtney C. , Vucovich Jennifer Arriola , Jacobs Jeffrey P.
Published: July 2023

Zero-balance ultrafiltration (ZBUF) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been purported to reduce pro-inflammatory mediators during cardiac surgery. However, its clinical benefit is equivocal and its effect on renal function unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of ZBUF on urine output in adult patients undergoing CPB. Following institutional review board approval, 98,953 records from a national registry of adult patients at 215 U.S. hospitals between January 2016 and September 2019 were reviewed. Groups were stratified according to ZBUF use. Anuric patients were excluded from the study as they were patients with missing data on urine output, ultrafiltration use, or ZBUF volume. The primary endpoint was intraoperative urine output normalized to body weight and procedure duration (total operative time). Final analysis of this endpoint was carried out using a linear mixed-effects regression model adjusting for patient and procedural characteristics, as well as practice patterns associated with surgeons and perfusionists. There was a significant 16.1% reduction in median urine output for ZBUF patients (.94 [.54, 1.47] mL/kg/h) vs. the non-ZBUF group (1.12 [.70,−1.73] mL/kg/h),p< .001. After statistically adjusting for patient and procedural characteristics, each liter of ZBUF volume was associated with an estimated change in intraoperative urine output of −.03 mL/kg/h (95% CI: [−.04 to −.02],p< .001). The median ZBUF volume was 1,550 [1,000, 2,600] mL, and when ZBUF was used, conventional ultrafiltration (CUF) was more likely to be used as well (88.4% vs. 44.8%,p< .001). ZBUF patients had median asanguineous volume and crystalloid cardioplegia nearly two times more than non-ZBUF patients, and had slightly higher red blood cell transfusions (17.6% vs. 16.3%,p< .05). The application of ZBUF during CPB was associated with patients having lower urine output and significantly higher use of CUF. Further research is required to determine if these results are reproducible in prospective clinical studies.
Objective Content Validation of the Hemodynamic and Technical Parameters of the OrpheusTMCardiopulmonary Bypass Simulator
Authors: Searles Bruce E. , Darling Edward M , Riley Jeffrey B. , McNinch Jacob , Rufa Erik , Wiles Jason R.
Published: July 2023

The utilization of simulators for training is increasing in the professions associated with cardiac surgery. Before applying these simulators to high-stakes assessment, the simulator’s output data must be validated. The aim of this study is to validate a Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) simulator by comparing the simulated hemodynamic and technical outputs to published clinical norms. Three Orpheus™ CPB simulators were studied and compared to a published reference of physiologic and technical metrics that are managed during clinical CPB procedures. The limits of the simulators user modifiable variables were interrogated across their full range and the results were plotted against the published clinical norms. The data generated with the simulator conforms to validated clinical parameters for patients between 50 and 110 kg. For the pre- and post-CPB periods, the independent variables of central venous pressure (CVP), heart rate (HR), contractility, and systemic vascular resistance (SVR) must be operated between the limits of 7 and 12 mmHg, 65 and 110 beats/min, 28% and 65%, and 6 and 32 units respectively. During full CPB the arterial pump flows should be maintained between 3.5 and 5.5 LPM and SVR between 18 and 38 units. Validated technical parameters during cardioplegia delivery are expected at solution flow rates between 250 and 400 mL/min and 100 and 225 mL/min for antegrade and retrograde delivery routes, respectively. We have identified the limits for user-modifiable settings that produce data conforming to the physiologic and technical parameter limits reported in the peer reviewed literature. These results can inform the development of simulation scenarios used for high stakes assessments of personnel, equipment, and technical protocols.
Risk and Safety Perceptions Contribute to Transfusion Decisions in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Bourque Joshua L. , Strobel Raymond J. , Loh Joyce , Zahuranec Darin B. , Paone Gaetano , Kramer Robert S. , Delucia Alphonse , Behr Warren D. , Zhang Min , Engoren Milo C. , Prager Richard L. , Wu Xiaoting , Likosky Donald S. ,   for the Michigan Society of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgeons Quality Collaborative
Published: July 2023

Variability persists in intraoperative red blood cell (RBC) transfusion rates, despite evidence supporting associated adverse sequelae. We evaluated whether beliefs concerning transfusion risk and safety are independently associated with the inclination to transfuse. We surveyed intraoperative transfusion decision-makers from 33 cardiac surgery programs in Michigan. The primary outcome was a provider’s reported inclination to transfuse (via a six-point Likert Scale) averaged across 10 clinical vignettes based on Class IIA or IIB blood management guideline recommendations. Survey questions assessed hematocrit threshold for transfusion (“hematocrit trigger”), demographic and practice characteristics, years and case-volume of practice, knowledge of transfusion guidelines, and provider attitude regarding perceived risk and safety of blood transfusions. Linear regression models were used to estimate the effect of these variables on transfusion inclination. Mixed effect models were used to quantify the variation attributed to provider specialties and hematocrit triggers. The mean inclination to transfuse was 3.2 (might NOT transfuse) on the survey Likert scale (SD: .86) across vignettes among 202/413 (48.9%) returned surveys. Hematocrit triggers ranged from 15% to 30% (average: 20.4%; SE: .18%). The inclination to transfuse in situations with weak-to-moderate evidence for supporting transfusion was associated with a provider’s hematocrit trigger (p< .01) and specialty. Providers believing in the safety of transfusions were significantly more likely to transfuse. Provider specialty and belief in transfusion safety were significantly associated with a provider’s hematocrit trigger and likelihood for transfusion. Our findings suggest that blood management interventions should target these previously unaccounted for blood transfusion determinants.
Alternative Input for Perfusion Management Devices: Voice Recognition for Data Input and the Effects on Charting and Perioperative Calculation Use
Authors: Lung Kara , Brummer Brandi , Sanderson Scott , Holt David W.
Published: July 2023

Technology in healthcare has become increasingly prevalent and user friendly. In the last decade, advances in hands-free methods of data input have become more viable in a variety of medical professions. The aim of this study was to assess the advantages or disadvantages of hands-free charting through a voice-to-text app designed for perfusionists. Twelve clinical perfusion students using two different simulated bypass cases were recorded and assessed for the number of events noticed and charted, as well as the speed at which they accomplished these steps. Paper charts were compared with a custom app with voice-to-text charting capability. Data was analyzed using linear mixed models to detect differences in length of time until a chartable event was noticed, and how long after noticing an event it took to record the event. Timeliness of recording an event was made by assessing log-transformed time data. There was significantly more information recorded when charting on paper, while charting with voice-to-text resulted in significantly faster mean time from noticing an event to the recording of it. There was no significant difference between how many events were noticed and recorded. When using paper charting, a higher percentage of events that were missed were drug administration events, while voice charting had a higher percentage of missed events that were associated with cardioplegia delivery or bypass timing. With a decreased time interval between noticing an event and charting the event, speech-to-text for perfusion could be of benefit in situations where many events occur at once, such as emergency situations or highly active portions of bypass such as initiation and termination. While efforts were made to make the app as intuitive as possible, there is room for improvement.
Apnea Test on Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: Step Forward with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Nakip Ozlem Saritas , Kesici Selman , Terzi Kivanc , Bayrakci Benan
Published: July 2023

Apnea test must be performed to confirm brain death in patients meet clinical criteria. But the increment of carbon dioxide is generally not achievable because of the diminished production of carbon dioxide and additional sweep in extra corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). We report three children with congenital heart disease treated with ECMO and had brain death during follow-up. All met clinical criteria but apnea test cannot be achieved in classical way because of prolonged duration and hemodynamic compromise. Therefore, we used external carbon dioxide to achieve desired levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide safely. Because of the lack of protocols for pediatric patients on ECMO, apnea test with exogenous carbon dioxide may be a reliable and rapid test in such patients. Especially cardiac patients, in whom classical apnea test can cause rapid deterioration, exogenous carbon dioxide may serve as an alternative.
2.17 Catalytic Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) Type Reactions
Authors: Sang J. , Zhang G.
Published: July 2023

The Nozaki–Hiyama–Kishi (NHK) reaction has been established to be an efficient and reliable means for carbon–carbon bond formation that has been proven in the synthesis of many complex molecules. However, the use of an equivalent of a reductant and the strict requirements in terms of the conditions have limited its wide application. The current research direction is to develop more readily available carbon radical precursors and complementary activation mechanisms; for example, the use of light (photocatalysis) and electricity have found preliminary success in realizing the catalytic cycle of chromium.
Boundary ferromagnetism in zigzag edged graphene
Authors: Semenoff Gordon W.
Published: July 2023

The flat band of edge states that occur in the simple tight-binding lattice model of graphene with a zigzag edge have long been conjectured to take up a ferromagnetic configuration. In this work, we prove that, for a large class of interaction Hamiltonians that can be added to the tight-binding model, and at the first order in perturbation theory, the degeneracy of edge states is resolved in such a way that the ground state is in the maximal, spin j = N/2 representation of the spin symmetry, where N is the number of edge states.
Resonant and non-resonant flows in longitudinally and latitudinally librating spheres
Authors: Lin Yufeng , Hollerbach Rainer , Noir Jérome , Vantieghem Stijn
Published: July 2023

We investigate the linear response to longitudinal and latitudinal libration of a rapidly rotating fluid-filled sphere. Asymptotic methods are used to explore the structure of resonant modes in both cases, provided that the nondimensional libration frequency is in the range ω∈[0,2]. High-resolution numerics are then used to map out this entire frequency range, picking out both the resonant peaks as well as the non-resonant troughs in between. The kinetic energy is independent of the Ekman number E at the peaks and scales as E1/2 at the troughs. As the Ekman number is reduced, down to E=10−10 for longitudinal libration and E=10−9 for latitudinal libration, the frequency response also exhibits an increasingly fractal structure, with more and more peaks and troughs emerging. The spacing between peaks is seen to follow an E1/2 self-similarity factor. However, detailed examinations of some of the more prominent troughs shows that their widths follow an E∼0.23 self-similarity factor.
Global well-posedness and decay of the 2D incompressible MHD equations with horizontal magnetic diffusion
Authors: Lin Hongxia , Zhang Heng , Liu Sen , Sun Qing
Published: July 2023

This paper concerns two-dimensional incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations with damping only in the vertical component of velocity equations and horizontal diffusion in magnetic equations. If the magnetic field is not taken into consideration the system is reduced to Euler-like equations with an extra Riesz transform-type term. The global well-posedness of Euler-like equations remains an open problem in the whole plane R2. When coupled with the magnetic field, the global well-posedness and the stability for the MHD system in R2 have yet to be settled too. This paper here focuses on the space domain T×R, with T being a 1D periodic box. We establish the global well-posedness of the 2D anisotropic MHD system. In addition, the algebraic decay rate in the H2-setting has also been obtained. We solve this by decomposing the physical quantity into the horizontal average and its corresponding oscillation portion, establishing strong Poincaré-type inequalities and some anisotropic inequalities and combining the symmetry conditions imposed on the initial data.
Control survey and analysis for the KEK e−/e+ injector linac
Authors: Okayasu Y. , Suwada T. , Kakihara K. , Tanaka M.
Published: July 2023

A control survey technique using a laser tracker and a digital level was introduced to the KEK e−/e+ injector linac in 2020. Control surveys are continuously demonstrated during the machine’s downtimes every summer. Analysis of the two-year data reproduces their trends in terms of the fiducial points on the beam line. In our paper, we report on systematic coordinates and their error distributions evaluated by a control survey, compare them with a numerical survey simulation, and discuss newly encountered issues.
Ferroelectric YAlN grown by molecular beam epitaxy
Authors: Wang Ding , Mondal Shubham , Liu Jiangnan , Hu Mingtao , Wang Ping , Yang Samuel , Wang Danhao , Xiao Yixin , Wu Yuanpeng , Ma Tao , Mi Zetian
Published: July 2023

We report the demonstration of ferroelectric switching in yttrium (Y)-doped nitride semiconductors. In this study, single-crystalline, wurtzite Y0.07Al0.93N films were epitaxially grown on GaN/sapphire templates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The ferroelectric switching process has been investigated by current density–electric field (J-E) and polarization–electric field (P-E) loops as well as positive-up-negative-down measurements, showing a coercive field of ∼6 MV/cm and a switchable polarization of ∼130 μC/cm2. Ferroelectric switching was further confirmed via butterfly shape capacitance–voltage (C-V) loops and polarity-sensitive wet etching. The realization of ferroelectric, Y-doped AlN films further extends the family of nitride ferroelectrics and unravels a wealth of intriguing opportunities in III-nitride based electronic, piezo-electronic, and optoelectronic devices.
The mechanism of the irradiation synergistic effect of silicon bipolar junction transistors explained by multiscale simulations of Monte Carlo and excited-state first-principle calculations
Authors: Yang Zeng-hui , Liu Yang , An Ning , Chen Xingyu
Published: July 2023

Neutron and γ-ray irradiation damages to transistors are found to be non-additive, and this is denoted as the irradiation synergistic effect (ISE). Its mechanism is not well-understood. The recent defect-based model [Song and Wei, ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. 2, 3783 (2020)] for silicon bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) achieves quantitative agreement with experiments, but its assumptions on the defect reactions are unverified. Going beyond the model requires directly representing the effect of γ-ray irradiation in first-principles calculations, which was not feasible previously. In this work, we examine the defect-based model of the ISE by developing a multiscale method for the simulation of the γ-ray irradiation, where the γ-ray-induced electronic excitations are treated explicitly in excited-state first-principles calculations. We find the calculations agree with experiments, and the effect of the γ-ray-induced excitation is significantly different from the effects of defect charge state and temperature. We propose a diffusion-based qualitative explanation of the mechanism of positive/negative ISE in NPN/PNP BJTs in the end.
The scattering functions of ideal tri-functional comb and dendrimer polymers
Authors: Jura Matthew , Bishop Marvin
Published: July 2023

The scattering functions of nine generations of ideal tri-functional comb and dendrimer polymers are computed by novel graph techniques. The properties of polymers having from 9 to 3069 branches are explored. The g-ratios and the scattering functions indicate that as the number of branches increases, comb polymers behave more and more like linear polymers with half the number of branches, whereas dendrimers become more like spherical objects.
ER-localized Shr3 is a selective co-translational folding chaperone necessary for amino acid permease biogenesis
Authors: Myronidi Ioanna , Ring Andreas , Wu Fei , Ljungdahl Per O.
Published: July 2023

Proteins with multiple membrane-spanning segments (MS) co-translationally insert into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane of eukaryotic cells. Shr3, an ER membrane–localized chaperone in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is required for the functional expression of a family of 18 amino acid permeases (AAP) comprised of 12 MS. We have used comprehensive scanning mutagenesis and deletion analysis of Shr3 combined with a modified split-ubiquitin approach to probe chaperone–substrate interactions in vivo. Shr3 selectively interacts with nested C-terminal AAP truncations in marked contrast to similar truncations of non-Shr3 substrate sugar transporters. Shr3–AAP interactions initiate with the first four MS of AAP and successively strengthen but weaken abruptly when all 12 MS are present. Shr3–AAP interactions are based on structural rather than sequence-specific interactions involving membrane and luminal domains of Shr3. The data align with Shr3 engaging nascent N-terminal chains of AAP, functioning as a scaffold to facilitate folding as translation completes.
EAAT5 glutamate transporter rapidly binds glutamate with micromolar affinity in mouse rods
Authors: Thoreson Wallace B. , Chhunchha Bhavana
Published: July 2023

Light responses of rod photoreceptor cells in the retina are encoded by changes in synaptic glutamate release that is in turn shaped by reuptake involving EAAT5 plasma membrane glutamate transporters. Heterologously expressed EAAT5 activates too slowly upon glutamate binding to support significant uptake. We tested EAAT5 activation in mouse rods in vivo by stimulating glutamate transporter anion currents (IA(glu)) with UV flash photolysis of MNI-glutamate, varying flash intensity to vary glutamate levels. Responses to uncaging rose rapidly with time constants of 2–3 ms, similar to IA(glu) events arising from spontaneous release. Spontaneous release events and IA(glu) evoked by weak flashes also declined with similar time constants of 40–50 ms. Stronger flashes evoked responses that decayed more slowly. Time constants were twofold faster at 35°C, suggesting that they reflect transporter kinetics, not diffusion. Selective EAAT1 and EAAT2 inhibitors had no significant effect, suggesting IA(glu) in rods arises solely from EAAT5. We calibrated glutamate levels attained during flash photolysis by expressing a fluorescent glutamate sensor iGluSnFr in cultured epithelial cells. We compared fluorescence at different glutamate concentrations to fluorescence evoked by photolytic uncaging of MNI-glutamate. The relationship between flash intensity and glutamate yielded EC50 values for EAAT5 amplitude, decay time, and rise time of ∼10 μM. Micromolar affinity and rapid activation of EAAT5 in rods show it can rapidly bind synaptic glutamate. However, we also found that EAAT5 currents are saturated by the synchronous release of only a few vesicles, suggesting limited capacity and a role for glial uptake at higher release rates.
The effect of antisite defects on the mechanical and dynamic stability of Nb3Al
Authors: Han Lei , Cao Zelin , Pan Min , Hu Kaige , Huang Zheng , Wang Jiaming , Zhao Yong , Deng Huiqiu
Published: July 2023

The A15-type conventional superconductor Nb3Al alloys has been considered as an ideal candidate for next generation high field magnets due to its higher superconducting properties and less sensitivity to stain than that of industrialized Nb3Sn superconductor. First-principles methods are employed to study the potential point defects, vacancy and antisite defects in deviating stoichiometric Nb3Al alloys and their effect on structure and mechanical properties. Our results show that antisite defects are easier to be produced than vacancy defects, and Nb

Al

antisite defects can keep the tetragonal structure of Nb3Al. Furthermore, the influence of antisite defects on dynamic stability of Nb3Al is investigated together with Nb

Al

defects. With the increase of Nb antisite defect content and the formation of orderly arrangement, we found the phonon spectrum yields no more soft phonon modes, which is in contradiction with the dynamical instability of stoichiometric Nb3Al with no defects. Our calculations indicate Nb antisite defects play a crucial role on the dynamic stability of Nb3Al compounds.
Examining the molecular origins of anomalously high H2O generation at oxide-passivated metal surfaces for plasma applications
Authors: Leung Kevin , Goeke Ronald S , Ilgen Anastasia G , Wilson Alexander , Cuneo Michael E , Bennett Nichelle
Published: July 2023

Elucidating the mechanisms responsible for sub-microsecond desorption of water and other impurities from electrode surfaces at high heating rates is crucial for understanding pulsed-power behavior and optimizing its efficiency. Ionization of desorbed impurities in the vacuum regions may create parallel loads and current loss. Devising methods to limit desorption during the short time duration of pulsed-power will significantly improve the power output. This problem also presents an exciting challenge to and paradigm for molecular length-scale modeling and theories. Previous molecular modeling studies have strongly suggested that, under high vacuum conditions, the amount of water impurity adsorbed on oxide surfaces on metal electrodes is at a sub-monolayer level, which appears insufficient to explain the observed pulsed-power losses at high current densities. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we propose that hydrogen trapped inside iron metal can diffuse into iron (III) oxide on the metal surface in sub-microsecond time scales, explaining the extra desorbed inventory. These hydrogen atoms react with the oxide to form Fe(II) and desorbed H2O at elevated temperatures. Cr2O3 is found to react more slowly to form Cr(II). H2 evolution is also predicted to require higher activation energies, so H2 may be evolved at later times than H2O. A one-dimensional diffusion model, based on DFT results, is devised to estimate the water outgassing rate under different conditions. This model explains outgassing above 1 ML for surface temperatures of 1 eV often assumed in pulsed-power systems. Finally, we apply a suite of characterization techniques to demonstrate that when iron metal is heated to 650 ∘C, the dominant surface oxide component becomes α-Fe2O3. We propose such specially-prepared samples will lead to convergence between atomic modeling and measurements like temperature-programmed desorption.