bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in the Adverse Event Burden of Corticosteroid Use in Inflammatory Bowel Disease as Reported Between Adverse Event Reporting Systems and a Patient Questionnaire
Authors: Al Sulais Eman , Louis Edouard , Bokemeyer Bernd , Gecse Krisztina B , Parkes Gareth C , Parkes Miles , Selinger Christian , Munsaka Melvin , Liu Meng , Crooks James , Finney-Hayward Tricia , Raine Tim
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

Corticosteroids are widely used in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While adverse events (AEs) of corticosteroids are well recognized, current understanding of corticosteroid-related AE burden in IBD remains incomplete.

Methods

AE reports for prednisone/prednisolone and budesonide were extracted from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and VigiBase databases. Total and frequently reported AEs were tabulated, and AEs of special interest were compared with reports for all drugs using proportional reporting ratio criteria. Database reports were compared with AEs reported in a patient survey capturing corticosteroid exposure and AE recall.

Results

In FAERS and VigiBase, 344 140 and 42 836 AEs were reported, respectively, in patients with IBD; among these, 10 157 (3.0%) and 11 391 (26.6%), respectively, were related to prednisone/prednisolone or budesonide. AEs associated with corticosteroid use in IBD increased over time. Adrenal insufficiency, Cushingoid complications, osteonecrosis, osteoporosis, diabetes, and pancreatitis were disproportionately reported for corticosteroids. Among 9229 patients who responded to the survey, 6434 (69.7%) reported corticosteroid exposure. AEs were more frequently recalled by patients exposed to prednisone (61.9%) vs budesonide (27.4%; p = 0.0001). The most commonly recalled AEs differed from those reported in the pharmacovigilance databases and included weight gain, sleep problems, mood disturbance, and skin changes. Younger patients and those with mental health disorders were more likely to recall suicidal thoughts/attempts.

Conclusions

Adverse events associated with IBD-related corticosteroid use were frequent. Patients reported AEs affecting quality of life, while clinicians disproportionately reported AEs based on objective diagnostic criteria.
Comparative Efficacy of Novel Biologics, Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Agents, and Immunomodulators to Prevent Postoperative Recurrence in Crohn’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis
Authors: Duan Shihao , Chen Pingrun , Liang Chang , Zhang Yan
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

Our objective was to compare the efficacy of novel biologics (such as vedolizumab and ustekinumab), anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents, and immunomodulators (IMMs) in preventing postoperative recurrence (POR) of Crohn’s disease (CD).

Methods

We searched the PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library databases up to December 2023 to identify placebo-controlled, no-treatment comparison, or positive-controlled studies for the prevention of POR in CD. Endoscopic recurrence and clinical recurrence were the primary and secondary endpoints for the efficacy assessment. We conducted traditional direct and Bayesian network meta-analyses to evaluate the preventive effects of selected drugs. Additionally, we ranked interventions based on their scores under the Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking curve (SUCRA).

Results

A total of 17 studies involving 2786 patients were included. In the direct meta-analysis, anti-TNFs, vedolizumab, and IMMs showed greater efficacy in preventing endoscopic POR, compared with controls (placebo or no treatment). In preventing clinical POR, anti-TNFs and IMMs outperformed the controls. The network meta-analysis revealed that the risk of endoscopic POR was considerably lower in patients receiving anti-TNFs, vedolizumab, and ustekinumab compared with controls. Regarding the reduction of clinical POR, only anti-TNFs showed significant efficacy compared with controls. Vedolizumab and anti-TNFs were ranked as the most effective strategies in preventing endoscopic and clinical recurrence, respectively.

Conclusions

According to direct and network meta-analysis, in CD patients after surgical resection, novel biologics, especially vedolizumab, were quite effective in decreasing the risk of endoscopic POR, whereas anti-TNFs appeared to perform best in reducing the risk of clinical POR.
Sex and gender specific pitfalls and challenges in cardiac rehabilitation: a working hypothesis towards better inclusivity in cardiac rehabilitation programmes
Authors: Marra Alberto M , Giardino Federica , Salzano Andrea , Caruso Roberto , Parato Vito Maurizio , Diaferia Giuseppe , Pagliani Leopoldo , Miserrafiti Bruna , Gabriele Michele , Mallardo Mario , Bifulco Giuseppe , Zampella Angela , Franzone Anna , Esposito Giovanni , Bossone Eduardo , Raparelli Valeria , Cittadini Antonio
Published: September 2024

Notwithstanding its acknowledged pivotal role for cardiovascular prevention, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is still largely under prescribed, in almost 25% of patients owing an indication for. In addition, when considering differences concerning the two sexes, female individuals are underrepresented in CR programmes with lower referral rates, participation, and completion as compared to male counterpart. This picture becomes even more tangled with reference to gender, a complex socio-cultural construct characterized by four domains (gender identity, relation, role, and institutionalized gender). Indeed, each of them reveals several obstacles that considerably penalize CR adherence for different categories of people, especially those who are not identifiable with a non-binary gender. Aim of the present review is to identify the sex- (i.e. biological) and gender- (i.e. socio-cultural) specific obstacles to CR related to biological sex and sociocultural gender and then envision a likely viable solution through tailored treatments towards patients’ well-being.
Assessment of the safety and efficacy of catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation in very elderly patients: insight from the national prospective registry study
Authors: Inoue Koichi , Nakai Michikazu , Yamane Teiichi , Kusano Kengo , Takatsuki Seiji , Satomi Kazuhiro , Iwanaga Yoshitaka , Kanaoka Koshiro , Tonegawa-Kuji Reina , Sumita Yoko , Takegami Misa , Nakao Yoko M , Nogami Akihiko , Miyamoto Yoshihiro , Shimizu Wataru
Published: September 2024

Background and aims

This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of catheter ablation in treating atrial fibrillation (AF) among the elderly population.

Methods and results

A total of 170 017 AF ablation procedures prospectively enrolled from 482 facilities between 2017 and 2020 were analysed. They were stratified into six age groups, ranging from <65 to ≥85 years, in 5-year increments. A cut-off of 80 years was set for dividing participants into two groups. The primary endpoints included procedure-related complications and 1-year arrhythmia recurrence after a 3-month blanking period. Patients ≥80 years constituted 7.2% of procedures in 2017, which significantly increased to 9.6% by 2020 (P < 0.001). This older group predominantly comprised women with smaller stature and body mass index, a higher prevalence of paroxysmal AF, and a higher rate of initial ablation procedures. The overall complication rate was 2.8%, showing a positive correlation with age (P < 0.001), peaking at 4.3% for patients ≥85 years. Older age remained a significant independent risk factor for complications (odds ratio: 1.36 [1.24, 1.49], P < 0.001). Cardiac tamponade, ischaemic stroke, and sick sinus syndrome were more common in the elderly. The recurrence rate in the total population was 16.0% and did not differ significantly between age groups (log-rank P = 0.473), remaining consistent even after adjusting for multiple variables.

Conclusion

Although age increases complication risk, recurrence rates remained steady across age groups, suggesting that AF ablation is a reasonable option for elderly individuals, contingent on careful patient selection for safety.
Tracheal resection and anastomosis in post-intubation tracheal stenosis: a systematic review
Authors: Álvarez-Maldonado Pablo , Hernández-Ríos Grisel , Hernández-Solís Alejandro , Narciso-Dircio Eric , Pérez-Romo Alfredo , Navarro-Reynoso Francisco
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVES

Surgical resection of the stenotic segment with end-to-end anastomosis is considered the gold standard in post-intubation tracheal stenosis. However, outcomes of this concrete etiology are not well described. With the aim to examine the extent, range, and characteristics of the existing evidence, a scoping review was performed.

METHODS

Data sources included MEDLINE, Scopus, Ovid, and the Cochrane databases. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies in adult patients with post-intubation tracheal stenosis that reported characteristics, surgical management and outcomes.

RESULTS

125 articles were identified, of which 10 were included in the final analysis. All studies were case reports or case series (level 4 evidence) grouping 110 patients, 75 males and 35 females. The age ranged from 15 to 71 years. Cotton-Myer stenosis grade was 1 (1 [0.9%]), 2 (25 [22.7%]), 3 (70 [63.6%]), and 4 (14 [12.7%]). Stenosis location was in the tracheal upper-third in 108 (98.2%), the middle-third in 1 (0.9%), and the lower-third in 1 (0.9%). Stenosis length ranged from 1 to 5.6 cm. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 60 months (two years for the most). Most frequent complications were transitory dysphagia in 13 (11.3%), granuloma formation in 8 (7.3%), dehiscence or air leak in 5 (4.5%), and wound infection in 4 (3.6%). Restenosis rate ranged from 2% to 25%. There was no perioperative mortality.

CONCLUSIONS

Tracheal resection and primary anastomosis in post-intubation tracheal stenosis appear to be safe and effective in the short and mid-terms; however, the very low level of evidence found prevents definitive conclusions.
Micro-nanoplastics and cardiovascular diseases: evidence and perspectives
Authors: Prattichizzo Francesco , Ceriello Antonio , Pellegrini Valeria , La Grotta Rosalba , Graciotti Laura , Olivieri Fabiola , Paolisso Pasquale , D’Agostino Bruno , Iovino Pasquale , Balestrieri Maria Luisa , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Landrigan Philip J , Marfella Raffaele , Paolisso Giuseppe
Published: September 2024

Emerging evidence indicates that chemical exposures in the environment are overlooked drivers of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Recent evidence suggests that micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) particles derived largely from the chemical or mechanical degradation of plastics might represent a novel CVD risk factor. Experimental data in preclinical models suggest that MNPs can foster oxidative stress, platelet aggregation, cell senescence, and inflammatory responses in endothelial and immune cells while promoting a range of cardiovascular and metabolic alterations that can lead to disease and premature death. In humans, MNPs derived from various plastics, including polyethylene and polyvinylchloride, have been detected in atherosclerotic plaques and other cardiovascular tissues, including pericardia, epicardial adipose tissues, pericardial adipose tissues, myocardia, and left atrial appendages. MNPs have measurable levels within thrombi and seem to accumulate preferentially within areas of vascular lesions. Their presence within carotid plaques is associated with subsequent increased incidence of cardiovascular events. To further investigate the possible causal role of MNPs in CVD, future studies should focus on large, prospective cohorts assessing the exposure of individuals to plastic-related pollution, the possible routes of absorption, the existence of a putative safety limit, the correspondence between exposure and accumulation in tissues, the timing between accumulation and CVD development, and the pathophysiological mechanisms instigated by pertinent concentrations of MNPs. Data from such studies would allow the design of preventive, or even therapeutic, strategies. Meanwhile, existing evidence suggests that reducing plastic production and use will produce benefits for the environment and for human health. This goal could be achieved through the UN Global Plastics Treaty that is currently in negotiation.
Prehospital treatment-seeking for acute coronary syndrome in culturally and linguistically diverse immigrant populations: a scoping review
Authors: Olani Ararso Baru , Eastwood Kathryn , Finn Judith , Clark Robyn A , Bray Janet E
Published: September 2024

Aims

Studies consistently report longer prehospital delays in culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) patients experiencing acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A scoping review was conducted to describe terms and methods used to define and identify CALD populations and summarize available evidence on factors related to prehospital delays in ACS studies involving CALD populations.

Methods and results

We searched six electronic databases for published studies and Google Scholar for grey literature to identify studies on prehospital treatment-seeking in CALD immigrants experiencing ACS. We followed the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological framework for scoping review. Twenty-three studies met our eligibility criteria (quantitative n = 17; qualitative n = 6; mixed n = 1). Terms like ethnicity, migrant, or expatriate defined CALD populations. Most studies used a single indicator (e.g. country of birth) to identify CALD cohorts, and only two studies used a theoretical model related to treatment-seeking delays to guide data collection. Most factors affecting prehospital delays in CALD populations were similar to those reported in general populations. A unique finding was a difference in the language used to describe symptoms, which, when translated, changes their meaning and resulted in misinterpretation by healthcare providers [e.g. asfixiarse (translates as asphyxiate/suffocate) used for dyspnoea/shortness of breath in Hispanics].

Conclusion

Terms and methods used for defining and identifying CALD populations are inconsistent. Studies on factors affecting prehospital treatment-seeking in CALD ACS patients are limited. Future studies should use theoretical models related to treatment-seeking delays to comprehensively explore factors affecting prehospital delays. Additionally, researchers should consider self-reported or multiple indicators to determine CALD status.
Daily Dynamics of Resting-State Electroencephalographic Theta and Gamma Fluctuations Are Associated With Cognitive Performance in Healthy Aging
Authors: Bennis Kenza , Eustache Francis , Collette Fabienne , Vandewalle Gilles , Hinault Thomas
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Healthy age-related cognitive changes are highly heterogeneous across individuals. This variability is increasingly explained through the lens of spontaneous fluctuations of brain activity, now considered a powerful index of age-related changes. However, brain activity is a biological process modulated by circadian rhythms, and how these fluctuations evolve throughout the day is under investigation.

Methods

We analyzed data from 101 healthy late middle-aged participants from the Cognitive Fitness in Aging study (68 women and 33 men; aged 50–69 years). Participants completed 5 electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings of spontaneous resting-state activity on the same day. We used weighted phase-lag index (wPLI) analyses as an index of the functional synchrony between brain regions couplings, and we computed daily global PLI fluctuation rates of the 5 recordings to assess the association with cognitive performance and β-amyloid and tau/neuroinflammation pathological markers.

Results

We found that theta and gamma daily fluctuations in the salience-control executive internetwork (SN-CEN) are associated with distinct mechanisms underlying cognitive heterogeneity in aging. Higher levels of SN-CEN theta daily fluctuations appear to be deleterious for memory performance and were associated with higher tau/neuroinflammation rates. In contrast, higher levels of gamma daily fluctuations are positively associated with executive performance and were associated with lower rate of β-amyloid deposition.

Discussion

Thus, accounting for daily EEG fluctuations of brain activity contributes to a better understanding of subtle brain changes underlying individuals’ cognitive performance in healthy aging. Results also provide arguments for considering the time of day when assessing cognition for old adults in a clinical context.
Food Insecurity and Dementia Risk in U.S. Older Adults: Evidence From the 2013–2021 Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Authors: Leung Cindy W , Insolera Noura E , Wolfson Julia A , McEvoy Claire T , Ryan Lindsay H , Friedman Esther M , Langa Kenneth M , Heeringa Steven G , Hao Wei
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Growing research suggests that food insecurity is associated with worse cognitive functioning; however, prospective studies are needed to examine food insecurity and dementia risk. Using longitudinal and nationally representative data, we examined the effects of food insecurity on dementia risk among older adults.

Methods

Data were from 3,232 adults (≥65 years) from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Food insecurity was assessed biennially using the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module from 2015 to 2019. Probable dementia risk was assessed biennially using the Eight-Item Interview to Differentiate Aging and Dementia from 2017 to 2021. Inverse probability weighting and marginal structural models were used to account for the time-varying nature of food insecurity and sociodemographic and health confounders.

Results

After accounting for baseline and time-varying sociodemographic and health covariates, there was a 2-fold higher association between food insecurity and probable dementia risk (odds ratio 2.11, 95% confidence interval: 1.12–3.98). The results were robust to expanding the exposure to include marginal food security and the outcome to include informant-reported memory loss. Furthermore, there was no evidence of heterogeneity in the association of food insecurity and probable dementia risk by sex, race, and ethnicity, or participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance program.

Discussion

Food insecurity is a modifiable social determinant of health. Interventions and policies are needed to reduce food insecurity and promote healthy aging for older adults.
Groundwater flow paths using combined self-potential, electrical resistivity, and induced polarization signals
Authors: Revil A , Ghorbani A , Zhao X , Mouyeaux A , Barrère L , Richard J , Peyras L , Vaudelet P
Published: September 2024

The dam of Lampy (Black Mountain, Aude, France) is considered as one of the oldest dams in France. A geophysical survey is performed to better understand the pattern of groundwater flow downstream of this dam in the granitic substratum. Induced polarization is first used to image both electrical conductivity and normalized chargeability. Eight core samples of granite from this site are measured and analysed in the laboratory. Their electrical conductivity and normalized chargeability are expressed as a function of the porosity and cation exchange capacity (CEC). The field data and the petrophysical results are used to image the water content, the CEC and the permeability distribution of the substratum. Then, self-potential is used as a complementary passive geophysical technique, which, in absence of metallic bodies, is directly sensitive to groundwater flow through the so-called streaming potential effect. Indeed, the excess of electrical charges in the vicinity of the solid grains, in the so-called double layer, is dragged by the ground water flow generating in turn an electrical (streaming) current and therefore an electrical field. A map of the resulting self-potential signals is done over the area covered by the induced polarization profiles. This map shows a large positive anomaly with an amplitude of ∼80 mV possibly associated with upwelling groundwater in an area where the soil is water-saturated. A groundwater flow simulation is performed to model this anomaly. This is done in two steps. A preliminary groundwater flow model is built using the permeability and water content distributions obtained from the induced polarization data. Then, this groundwater flow model is updated using the information contained in the self-potential data including the electrical conductivity distribution obtained through resistivity tomography. The algorithm for the inversion of the self-potential data is validated through a 2-D numerical test. This analysis yields a groundwater flow model with the flow being focused through a high permeability zone. This study shows how three geoelectrical methods (self-potential, induced polarization and electrical resistivity) can be efficiently combined to image groundwater flow in the vicinity of a dam.
REWARE: a seismic processing algorithm to retrieve geological information from the water column
Authors: Sylvain Romain , Watremez Louise , Thinon Isabelle , Chanier Frank , Caroir Fabien , Gaullier Virginie
Published: September 2024

When interpreting marine very high-resolution (VHR) single-channel seismic reflection data, the signal in the water column is generally considered as noise and is often eliminated by a water-mute application to focus on geological information under the seafloor. Alternatively, the signal in the water column can be used to study ocean currents or gas/fluid emissions. To provide images of the sedimentary formations and tectonic structures beneath the seafloor in shallow water regions, such as continental shelves and lakes, marine seismic reflection profiles are often acquired using a single-channel streamer and sparker-type source, providing VHR data, with limited penetration depth. To exploit the full potential of these single-channel data, we propose a simple algorithm, called REWARE (Recovery of Water-column Acoustic Reflectors). This algorithm allows to extract further geological information from the water-column data using open-source codes (Seismic Un*x), adding the coherent signal from the previous shots, recorded in the water column, to the previous traces. The record length becomes longer while maintaining a very high trace-to-trace consistency. To demonstrate its efficiency, we present two examples of the REWARE processing in two different geological contexts: the East Sardinia shelf (Italy) and the North Evia Gulf (Greece). This method provides deeper images than with original data for seismic data acquired across steep slopes, such as canyons or continental shelf breaks. Thus, depending on the seafloor geometry and subseafloor structures, it is possible to image or map sediment layers and tectonic structures at depth, keeping a very high structural resolution.
Deep learning power grid project cost prediction under low-carbon background
Authors: Wang Qiong
Published: September 2024

Under the background of low-carbon power system developing towards cleaner, more efficient and more economical direction, accurate prediction of power grid project cost is very important for the construction of power grid project. In order to improve the accuracy of power grid project cost prediction, a power grid project cost prediction method based on deep learning is proposed. First, for the complex and nonlinear features of the line engineering cost data, the XGBoost model is used to analyze the line engineering cost data. Feature selection and data dimension reduction are carried out through the importance ordering of the features analyzed. Then, the engineering cost integration model is established based on the XGBoost model and Stacking. The cost analysis of power grid transmission project shows that the integrated model has better generalization performance and higher prediction accuracy, and can accurately predict the line cost level.
Current status of low-carbon education among undergraduates: a case study of Guangdong Province
Authors: Junting Zhang
Published: September 2024

Amidst global challenges such as climate change and environmental issues, China has set ambitious goals of achieving a carbon peak by 2030 and carbon neutrality by 2060. In this context, low-carbon education becomes particularly crucial. This article employs literature reviews and field surveys to analyze the current status and challenges of low-carbon literacy among university students. The findings indicate that most students lack an adequate understanding of low-carbon concepts and practices and do not possess corresponding behavioral habits. By examining influencing factors, the study reveals the impact of societal, familial, and educational factors on low-carbon education among university students. The aim is to enhance their awareness and behaviors toward a low-carbon lifestyle, thereby fostering its widespread adoption and implementation. This research holds significant theoretical and practical implications for advancing low-carbon education among university students.
Utilizing the thermal energy from natural gas engines and the cold energy of liquid natural gas to satisfy the heat, power, and cooling demands of carbon capture and storage in maritime decarbonization: engineering, enhancement, and 4E analysis
Authors: Hai Tao , Basem Ali , Shami Hayder Oleiwi , Sabri Laith S , Rajab Husam , Farqad Rand Otbah , Hussein Abbas Hameed Abdul , Alhaidry Wesam Abed AL Hassan , Idan Ameer Hassan , Singh Narinderjit Singh Sawaran
Published: September 2024

The MEPC 80 session has revised the International Maritime Organization (IMO) greenhouse gas strategy, setting more ambitious decarbonization goals. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies have shown promise in reducing maritime carbon emissions, although their high-energy requirements have often been neglected in previous research. This study introduces a novel system integrating a natural gas engine, CCS, an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), and a power turbine (PT). An exhaust gas bypass strategy is used to enhance engine performance at low and medium loads, channeling exhaust to the PT for power generation. The engine’s waste heat is fully utilized for CCS via cold, heat, and power. The study compares various absorbents in the CCS system, including monoethanolamine and piperazine solutions, which show different carbon capture efficiencies. Additionally, CO2 storage conditions are analyzed and compared. The proposed system shows potential for significantly reducing the Energy Efficiency Design Index for general cargo ships. The study addresses the high-energy demands of CCS by utilizing the engine’s waste heat, transforming a potential drawback into a beneficial resource. By integrating the ORC and PT, the system not only captures carbon but also improves overall energy efficiency, presenting a promising solution for maritime decarbonization. The analysis of CO2 storage conditions further enhances the understanding of effective carbon management. This innovative system demonstrates that with strategic integration and optimization, significant progress can be made toward achieving the stricter decarbonization targets set by the IMO while also enhancing the energy efficiency of maritime operations.
Research on image classification of power inspection using less sample learning technique
Authors: Li Qiang , Zhuang Li , Wang Qiulin , Song Lihua , Wang Yanrong
Published: September 2024

This study proposes a few-sample self-supervised power inspection image classification method based on Vision Transformer and masked autoencoders (MAE). Initially, an MAE is employed to pretrain an extensive collection of unlabeled power inspection images, leveraging the masking technique to encourage the model to acquire an understanding of the overarching features within these images. Then, the pretrained encoder part is combined with the visual transformer to further extract image features. For the subsequent classification task, the encoder’s pretrained weights are frozen and subsequently incorporated into a novel classification network. By fine-tuning this network with a limited amount of labeled data, experimental findings indicate a substantial enhancement in the classification accuracy of power inspection images, particularly in scenarios with limited sample sizes. By introducing visual transformers and MAE, this article provides an efficient and reliable solution for intelligent classification of power inspection images, which has important practical application value and broad market prospects.
Quantum-safe global encryption policy
Authors: Zornetta Alessia
Published: September 2024

Every day, individuals use the Internet to communicate, gather information, and engage in commercial transactions. Encryption renders such activities secure and possible in the first place. While interest in encryption policy has fluctuated among policymakers for the past three decades, this paper argues for the need to promote strong encryption at a global level. The paper sheds light on the risks posed by quantum computing to national security, wherein breached encryption could compromise classified information, military intelligence, sensitive devices, and critical infrastructures. The argument for a worldwide encryption policy is further substantiated by the looming spectre of profound global power asymmetries. As the evolution of quantum technology remains concentrated within a select cohort of nations, those in possession of functional quantum computers could gain unprecedented advantages and exploit such technological supremacy. To buttress this assertion, this paper employs the logic of the ‘least trusted country problem’ to underscore the fragility of global security in the face of such imbalances. In response, this paper introduces a three-fold strategy designed to pave the path towards a quantum-secure future. The strategy encompasses the pivotal elements of post-quantum cryptography, quantum key distribution, and quantum random number generators. While acknowledging the challenges inherent in implementing these measures, including the projected decade-long timeline for establishing standardized solutions, the paper underscores the urgency of confronting the imminent quantum computing menace in a proactive manner. By adhering to these strategic imperatives, the global community stands poised to reinforce encryption practices against the potent capabilities that quantum computing wields. In so doing, the security and integrity of information exchange can be preserved in an ever more interconnected world.
The Dirac–Higgs Complex and Categorification of (BBB)-Branes
Authors: Franco Emilio , Hanson Robert
Published: September 2024

Let ${\mathcal{M}}_{\operatorname{Dol}}(X,G)$ denote the hyperkähler moduli space of $G$-Higgs bundles over a smooth projective curve $X$. In the context of four dimensional supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory, Kapustin and Witten introduced the notion of (BBB)-brane: boundary conditions that are compatible with the B-model twist in every complex structure of ${\mathcal{M}}_{\operatorname{Dol}}(X,G)$. The geometry of such branes was initially proposed to be hyperkähler submanifolds that support a hyperholomorphic bundle. Gaiotto has suggested a more general type of (BBB)-brane defined by perfect analytic complexes on the Deligne–Hitchin twistor space $\operatorname{Tw}({\mathcal{M}}_{\operatorname{Dol}}(X,G))$. Following Gaiotto’s suggestion, this paper proposes a framework for the categorification of (BBB)-branes, both on the moduli spaces and on the corresponding derived moduli stacks. We do so by introducing the Deligne stack, a derived analytic stack with corresponding moduli space $\operatorname{Tw}({\mathcal{M}}_{\operatorname{Dol}}(X,G))$, defined as a gluing between two analytic Hodge stacks along the Riemann–Hilbert correspondence. We then construct a class of (BBB)-branes using integral functors that arise from higher non-abelian Hodge theory, before discussing their relation to the Wilson functors from the Dolbeault geometric Langlands correspondence.
Half-Isolated Zeros and Zero-Density Estimates
Authors: Maynard James , Pratt Kyle
Published: September 2024

We introduce a new method to detect the zeros of the Riemann zeta function, which is sensitive to the vertical distribution of the zeros. This allows us to prove there are few “half-isolated” zeros. By combining this with classical methods, we improve the Ingham–Huxley zero-density estimate under the assumption that the non-trivial zeros of the zeta function are restricted to lie on a finite number of fixed vertical lines. This has new consequences for primes in short intervals under the same assumption.
Ebola Virus Infection of Flt3-Dependent, Conventional Dendritic Cells and Antigen Cross-presentation Leads to High Levels of T-Cell Activation
Authors: Niemetz Linda , Bodmer Bianca S , Olal Catherine , Escudero-Pérez Beatriz , Hoehn Katharina , Bencsik András , Vickers Molly A , Rodríguez Estefanía , Oestereich Lisa , Hoenen Thomas , Muñoz-Fontela César
Published: September 2024

Background

Previous studies have described that Ebola virus (EBOV) infection of human monocyte–derived dendritic cells (moDCs) inhibits dendritic cell (DC) maturation, resulting in poor T-cell activation. However, it is unknown how other DC subsets distinct from moDCs respond to EBOV infection.

Methods

To better understand how DCs initiate T-cell activation during EBOV infection, we assessed the response of conventional mouse DCs (cDCs) to EBOV infection utilizing a recombinant EBOV expressing the model antigen ovalbumin.

Results

In contrast to moDCs, mouse cDC2s and cDC1s were poorly infected with EBOV but were highly activated. DCs were able to prime CD8 T cells via cross-presentation of antigens obtained from cell debris of EBOV-infected cells. EBOV infection further enhanced DC cross-presentation.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that EBOV infection of cDCs results in activation rather than inhibition, leading to high levels of T-cell activation. With that we propose a mechanistic explanation for the excess T-cell activation observed in human Ebola virus disease.
Probing fosfomycin’s potential: a study on susceptibility testing and resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis from prosthetic joint infections
Authors: Widerström Rebecka , Aarris Mia , Jacobsson Susanne , Stegger Marc , Söderquist Bo , Månsson Emeli
Published: September 2024

Background

There are limited treatment options for prosthetic joint infections (PJI) due to multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MDRSE). Fosfomycin (FOF) has gained attention as a potential therapy, but there is a paucity of information on the phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility amongst S. epidermidis, including MDRSE.

Objectives

To investigate phenotypical and genotypical susceptibility to FOF in S. epidermidis isolates prospectively collected from PJIs in Sweden.

Methods

MIC determination was performed using in-house agar dilution (AD) and a commercial AD panel. Genes and gene variants associated with FOF resistance were analysed.

Results

Multidrug resistance was common [74/89 (83%) isolates were MDRSE].

FOF inhibited all isolates except one, which had an MIC > 256 mg/L. The commercial AD panel demonstrated good overall performance but tended to overestimate the MIC, resulting in 84% essential agreement with the gold standard. Genomic analysis with publically available tools for whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data suggested genotypic FOF resistance in all isolates, but in-depth analysis revealed that fosB, associated with FOF resistance, was only present in the phenotypically resistant isolate. No other genes or gene variants associated with FOF resistance were detected.

Conclusions

Phenotypic resistance to FOF and presence of fosB were rare in this collection, indicating FOF’s potential as a treatment option for S. epidermidis. The commercial AD panel demonstrated high reproducibility, but EA with the reference method was less than optimal. Findings of genotypic FOF resistance using common tools for WGS data should be critically evaluated and appropriately verified with relevant fosB references for S. epidermidis.
Specific gut microbiome’s role in skin pigmentation: insights from SCARB1 mutants in Oujiang colour common carp
Authors: Kanika Nusrat Hasan , Hou Xin , Liu Hao , Dong Yue , Wang Jun , Wang Chenghui
Published: September 2024

Aims

Beyond the pivotal roles of the gut microbiome in initiating physiological processes and modulating genetic factors, a query persists: Can a single gene mutation alter the abundance of the gut microbiome community? Not only this, but the intricate impact of gut microbiome composition on skin pigmentation has been largely unexplored.

Methods and results

Based on these premises, our study examines the abundance of lipase-producing gut microbes about differential gene expression associated with bile acid synthesis and lipid metabolism-related blood metabolites in red (whole wild) and white (whole white wild and SCARB1−/− mutant) Oujiang colour common carp. Following the disruption of the SCARB1 gene in the resulting mutant fish with white body colour (SCARB1−/−), there is a notable decrease in the abundance of gut microbiomes (Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, and Serratia) associated with lipase production. This reduction parallels the downregulation seen in wild-type white body colour fish (WW), as contrasting to the wild-type red body colour fish (WR). Meanwhile, in SCARB1−/− fish, there was a downregulation noted not only at the genetic and metabolic levels but also a decrease in lipase-producing bacteria. This consistency with WW contrasts significantly with WR. Similarly, genes involved in the bile acid synthesis pathway, along with blood metabolites related to lipid metabolism, exhibited downregulation in SCARB1−/− fish.

Conclusions

The SCARB1 knockout gene blockage led to significant alterations in the gut microbiome, potentially influencing the observed reduction in carotenoid-associated skin pigmentation. Our study emphasizes that skin pigmentation is not only impacted by genetic factors but also by the gut microbiome. Meanwhile, the gut microbiome’s adaptability can be rapidly shaped and may be driven by specific single-gene variations.
Effects of a Bacillus-based direct-fed microbial on performance, blood parameters, fecal characteristics, rumen morphometrics, and intestinal gene expression in finishing beef bulls
Authors: Cordeiro Matheus W S , Cappellozza Bruno I , de Melo Natália N , Bernardes Thiago F
Published: September 2024

We evaluated the effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials (DFM), containing Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis, on performance, rumen morphometrics, intestinal gene expression, and blood and fecal parameters in finishing bulls. Nellore × Angus bulls (n = 144; initial BW = 401 ± 45.5 kg) were distributed at random in 36 pens (4 bulls/pen and 18 pens/treatment), following a completely randomized design. A ground corn-based finishing diet was offered for ad libitum intake twice a day for 84 d, containing the following treatments: 1) control (without DFM); 2) DFM (B. licheniformis and B. subtilis) at 6.4 × 109 CFU (2 g) per animal. The data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, with a pen representing an experimental unit, the fixed effect of the treatment, and the random effect of pen nested within the treatment. For fecal parameters (two collections made), the collection effect and its interaction with the treatment were included in the model. Bulls that received the DFM had a decreased dry matter intake (P ≤ 0.01), did not differ in average daily gain (2.05 kg; P = 0.39), and had a 6% improvement in gain:feed (P = 0.05). The other performance variables, final BW, hot carcass weight, and hot carcass yield, did not differ (P > 0.10). Plasma urea-N concentration decreased by 6.2% (P = 0.02) in the bulls that received DFM. Glucose, haptoglobin, and lipopolysaccharides were not different between treatments (P > 0.10). Ruminal morphometrics were not affected by the treatment (P > 0.10). The use of DFM tended to reduce fecal starch (P = 0.10). At slaughter, bulls fed DFM had an increased duodenal gene expression of tryptophan hydroxylase-1 (P = 0.02) and of superoxide dismutase-1 (P = 0.03). Overall, supplementation with DFM based on B. licheniformis and B. subtilis to Nellore × Angus bulls in the finishing phase decreased dry matter intake, did not influence ADG, improved gain:feed, and increased the expression of genes important for duodenal function.
The rise of data property rights in China: how does it compare with the EU data act and what does it mean for digital trade with China?
Authors: Huang Jie (Jeanne)
Published: September 2024

In 2022, China introduced a landmark Data Property Rights System, followed by implementation rules in 2023 and 2024. Concurrently, the EU enacted the groundbreaking Data Act. While both systems oppose granting exclusive data access rights, they differ in their approaches: China establishes new property rights for data processors, while the EU imposes obligations on them. By comparing China’s Data Property Rights System with the EU Data Act, this paper aims to elucidate the background, contents, and challenges of the Data Property Rights System in the context of digital trade. It argues that China will address the dilemmas of security risks versus data commercialization by implementing a national negative list for data outflows, qualified by green channels in selected industries. It urges China to adopt a more consistent national approach in implementing Data Intellectual Property Rights, resolve the classification and non-discrimination treatment issues in international trade, and draw lessons from the EU sui generis right. It also suggests that focusing on sharing non-personal data under the China Data Property Right System and the EU Data Act may reshape our understanding of governing non-personal data flows and non-consumer users of data products in Free Trade Agreements.
Inferential knowledge and epistemic dimensions
Authors: Bouchard Yves
Published: September 2024

Knowledge representation is one way to exploit expertise in a given domain by logical means. But, what kind of knowledge does one acquire from an inference (or inference on a query result over a knowledge base)? Such a question may appear awkward since the answer seems so obvious: from an inference, one simply acquires knowledge. This is undoubtedly the case when only one type of knowledge (for instance, expert knowledge) is involved in an inference. What if several types of knowledge are involved? What type of knowledge can one deduce from a plurality of knowledge types? I claim that reasoning with different knowledge concepts requires a fine-grained representation of knowledge in which every knowledge type finds a singular expression in order to avoid some epistemic equivocity associated with a coarse-grained representation of knowledge. In the first part of the paper, I revisit the Muddy Children Puzzle, which usually serves to illustrate common knowledge in dynamic epistemic logic. I try to show that this problem also shows some sort of epistemic equivocity between concepts of knowledge and, consequently, that the problem calls for some epistemological refinements concerning the representation of the types of knowledge at play in an inference. In the second part, I address this issue from a semantic point of view, and I develop a fragment of epistemic logic capable of providing a solution to the problem of epistemic equivocity.
A new record of fleas from nilgai antelope in southern Texas and fleas from other wildlife
Authors: Mays Maestas Sarah E , Tidwell Jason P , Goolsby John A , Maestas Lauren P
Published: September 2024

Wildlife are hosts of ectoparasites, such as fleas and ticks that may transmit human and animal pathogens. Little is known about the ecology of many ectoparasite species native to southern Texas, or their role in pathogen maintenance and transmission. Much attention has been given to the role of nonnative nilgai antelope as cattle fever tick hosts and agents of dispersal, but little attention has been given to other ectoparasites that may utilize nilgai antelope as hosts. As southern Texas is a hot-spot for flea-borne (murine) typhus, it is important to examine flea species presence, abundance, and host use in this region. Fleas were opportunistically collected during wildlife depredation activities, from hunter-harvested animals, or during handling in the course of other research activities in several southern Texas counties. A total of 9 wildlife species were sampled, from which 3 flea species were identified. A total of 83 Pulex porcinus (Jordan and Rothschild) were collected from nilgai, coyotes, bobcats, javelina, feral swine, and a black-tailed jackrabbit. In total, 9 Euhoplopsyllus glacialis affinis (Baker) were collected from cottontail rabbits, and 1 Echidnophaga gallinacea (Westwood) was collected from a raccoon. To our knowledge, this represents the first report of fleas from nilgai antelope. Pulex porcinus, although often considered a specialist species, was collected from a wide range of hosts, including 2 (nilgai antelope and black-tailed jackrabbit) that represent new host records for this species. The role of P. porcinus as a pathogen vector is unknown, but its apparent abundance in this region warrants further investigation.
Pan-cancer genomic analysis reveals FOXA1 amplification is associated with adverse outcomes in non–small cell lung, prostate, and breast cancers
Authors: Goglia Alexander G , Alshalalfa Mohammed , Khan Anwar , Isakov Danielle R , Hougen Helen Y , Swami Nishwant , Kannikal Jasmine , Mcbride Sean M , Gomez Daniel R , Punnen Sanoj , Nguyen Paul L , Iyengar Puneeth , Antonarakis Emmanuel S , Mahal Brandon A , Dee Edward Christopher
Published: September 2024

Background

Alterations in forkhead box A1 (FOXA1), a pioneer transcription factor, are associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer and prostate cancer. We characterized FOXA1 genomic alterations and their clinical impacts in a large pan-cancer cohort from the American Association for Cancer Research Genomics, Evidence, Neoplasia, Information, Exchange database.

Methods

FOXA1 alterations were characterized across more than 87 000 samples from more than 30 cancer types for primary and metastatic tumors alongside patient characteristics and clinical outcomes. FOXA1 alterations were queried in the Memorial Sloan Kettering - Metastatic Events and Tropisms (MSK-MET) cohort (a GENIE subset), allowing definition of hazard ratios (HRs) and survival estimates based on Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

FOXA1 was altered in 1869 (2.1%) samples, with distinct patterns across different cancers: prostate cancer enriched with indel-inframe alterations, breast cancer with missense mutations, and lung cancers with copy number amplifications. Of 74 715 samples with FOXA1 copy number profiles, amplification was detected in 834 (1.1%). Amplification was most common in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC; 3% in primary; 6% in metastatic) and small cell lung cancer (4.1% primary; 3.5% metastatic), followed by breast cancer (2% primary; 1.6% metastatic) and prostate cancer (2.2% primary; 1.6% metastatic). Copy number amplifications were associated with decreased overall survival in NSCLC (HR = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06 to 1.99; P = .02), breast cancer (HR = 3.04, 95% CI = 1.89 to 4.89; P = 4e−6), and prostate cancer (HR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.03 to 3.68; P = .04). Amplifications were associated with widespread metastases in NSCLC, breast cancer, and prostate cancer.

Conclusions

FOXA1 demonstrates distinct alteration profiles across cancer sites. Our findings suggest an association between FOXA1 amplification and enhanced metastatic potential and decreased survival, highlighting prognostic and therapeutic potential in breast cancer, prostate cancer, and NSCLC.