bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instruments for assessing sexual dysfunction in Arabic: A systematic literature review
Authors: Zakhour Stephanie , Sardinha Aline , Levitan Michelle , Berger William , Nardi Antonio Egidio
Published: July 2022

Sexual health is relevant throughout a person’s life; however, studying human sexuality is complex and requires particular care when working with individuals from different cultural and social backgrounds. Much of the research addressing this subject has been conducted in Western countries, and that in non-Western countries is generally based on small sample sizes. The biopsychosocial nature of sexuality and its dysfunctions should be taken into consideration given that it is indispensable when conducting and assessing sexual studies in different countries and cultures. Therefore, culturally sensitive studies that consider cultural contexts and determinants as well as social markers are needed. The topic of sexuality in Arab culture is still enigmatic. This enigma has impacted the advancement of sexual science and limited researchers, health care practitioners, and patients. Thus, the aim of this systematic literature review was to find and assemble all scales and questionnaires regarding human sexual health that have been translated into Arabic and validated in order to promote a critical analysis of the methods used in each instrument and to inform readers and researchers of the limits and potential of each scale. Electronic databases were systematically searched, and eight instruments were selected for inclusion: the Arabic Index of Premature Ejaculation (AIPE), the Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM), the Arabic Female Sexual Function Index (ArFSFI), the Female Genital Self-Image Scale (AVFGSIS), the Arabic Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX), the Egyptian Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-IR), the Saudi Arabian Pelvic Organ Prolapse/Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire in Arabic (PSIQ-IR), and the Arabic Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS). All included instruments showed good validity and reliability for the target population. Future studies are needed to develop culturally sensitive instruments
The design, development and usability testing of a smartphone-based mobile system for management of children’s oral health
Authors: Zhang Chao , Ran Longkuan , Chai Zhaowu , Yu Cong , Song Jinlin
Published: July 2022

The aim of the study was to design and develop a mobile system for better management of children’s oral health by using the internet technology. This study was followed in a three-step approach. (1) Design stage: participatory design (including patients, dentists and computer scientists) was taken in order to adapt the system to the clinical practice of dentistry; (2) Development stage: dentists and computer scientists were involved in this stage to develop the system by using internet technology; (3) Usability testing stage: the quality (MARS), usability (SUS) and satisfaction of the system were assessed by children’s caregivers. The system contains patient-side app, doctor-side app and Web side program for manager. Children and their caregivers could acquire many useful services through the app, such as oral healthcare education, brushing management, dietary record, online consultation, online appointment, feedback of adverse events. The overall value of SUS was 67.75. The final quality mean score was 3.44 ± 0.95, with the highest mean score of functionality. The majority of caregivers were satisfied with the system. They expressed the system could improve the current medical services and their oral health literacy.
Is this crisis different? Attitudes towards EU fiscal transfers in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Haverland Markus , van der Veer Reinout , Onderco Michal
Published: July 2022

To mitigate the enormous and asymmetric economic implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, the EU has adopted an unprecedented €750 billion fiscal transfer programme, financed by joint member state liabilities. The highly contested decision pitted ‘frugal’ northern member states against ‘profligate’ southern member states. However, do citizens from northern countries view EU transfers as unfavourably as their governmental positions suggest? This article focuses on the crucial case of the Netherlands, whose government has become the assertive leader of the ‘frugal’ coalition. We test COVID-19 specific explanations based on a large-scale survey conducted at the height of the pandemic. Our analysis suggests that citizens who experience the non-material health and social effects of the pandemic more directly are more supportive of fiscal transfers than those to whom the pandemic is more abstract, whereas those who experience negative financial effects and those who believe that COVID-19 is a conspiracy are less supportive.
Patients With Fibromyalgia, Depression, and/or Anxiety and Sex Differences
Authors: Henao-Pérez Marcela , López-Medina Diana Carolina , Arboleda Alejandra , Bedoya Monsalve Sara , Zea Julián Andrés
Published: July 2022

Fibromyalgia is a syndrome characterized by chronic widespread pain, with a multifactorial etiopathogenesis and high incidence of neuropsychiatric comorbidity. It has been inaccurately considered a pathological condition affecting only middle-aged women. The study aimed to explore the association of sociodemographic and clinical factors in patients with fibromyalgia with depression and/or anxiety. The present study is an analysis of a cross-sectional study of a secondary source. The prevalence ratio (PR) between the demographic and clinical variables of patients with fibromyalgia and concomitant depression and/or anxiety was calculated. Overall, 1,106 medical records were obtained with a confirmed diagnosis of fibromyalgia between 2010 and 2016; of these, 318 (28.75%) patients had an associated diagnosis of depression and/or anxiety. Approximately 28% women (295 of 1,052) and 42.6% men (23 of 54) suffered from depression and/or anxiety. In the adjusted explanatory model of depression and/or anxiety in patients with fibromyalgia, the relationship between sex (female PR = 0.5 [0.28–0.86]) and low socioeconomic strata (PR = 0.53 [0.33–0.70]) remained constant. In the study population, patients with fibromyalgia belonging to lower social strata were less likely to present with depression and anxiety. The male sex may pose as a risk factor for depression and/or anxiety in patients with fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia has a huge impact on men’s physical as well as mental health.
Leadership for Medical Students: Lessons Learned From a Relationship-Centered Leadership Curriculum
Authors: Lisevick Alexa , Dreiling Jennifer , Chauvin Sheila , Falisi Salvatore , Feinn Richard , Gulati Mahima , Frates Beth , Anand Rahul
Published: July 2022

Despite the need for and relevance of leadership skills to the success of medical trainees and healthcare professionals, few medical schools offer formal leadership training during the preclinical years. Where such curricula exist, we have found few schools that intentionally incorporate key principles of lifestyle medicine critical to short- and long-term career development. We describe a novel relationship-centered leadership curriculum, grounded in a conceptual framework of emotional intelligence and incorporating key principles of lifestyle medicine, first piloted in 2019 and now in its fourth year of existence. In comparing pre- and post-course self-evaluations on a 5-point Likert scale, students (n = 19) reported increased competencies in Self (3.12 vs 4.20, P < .001), Teams (3.06 vs 4.00, P < .001), and System (2.55 vs 3.55, P < .001) domains. Qualitative responses demonstrated that a vital strength of the course was its direct relevance and immediate applicability to students’ personal and professional roles and goals. Results provide encouraging support for using a relationship-centered leadership framework that incorporates core elements of lifestyle medicine and emotional intelligence to facilitate medical students’ leadership development, as related to leading oneself and in dynamic relationships with others (e.g., with leaders, colleagues, patients, and within communities, teams, and systems).
On Developments in Ethnographic Research: The Case of Two Swedish Universities
Authors: Beach Dennis , Larsson Staffan
Published: July 2022

The past 40 years have formed a transitional period in Sweden’s education and political history. The social democratic reforms from the 1940s that aimed to create a centralised, expanded and integrated comprehensive education system came to an end. Decentralisation, neoliberal governance and the introduction of new public management with the creation of private schools and competition have shaped the policy regime since then. Ethnography emerged in Swedish educational research as a significant research methodology during this transitional period. Using a qualitative and quantitative investigation of research dissertations that classified and counted the use of ethnography as either classical (using core references and long-term participation research at one or a limited number of sites), or adapted (used within adaptations to other research methods), the present article explores these developments at two universities. It suggests that Swedish education ethnography has developed along similar kinds of historical trajectories to ethnography in other places, with roots similar to those in other European countries, though also with some variations. For instance, as elsewhere, ethnography needed a breakthrough point in Swedish education research. It got this in the 1980s. However, it quickly became an important part of educational research from the 1990s onwards and a strong quantitative take off early in the new millennium followed. Presently more than half of all PhD dissertations in Education at the two universities have some kind of participant observation, over half of which are also classically ethnographic. This leads us to conclude that education ethnography in Sweden has changed across its period of growth and that though configured in contemporary social science as having originated in anthropology as a methodology that employed long-term embedded participant observation, this does not limit the variations of ethnography’s development or its application.
Development of a model for predicting the flash temperature during impact of titanium alloy
Authors: Pan He , Zhang Yang
Published: July 2022

The use of light metals in mines is limited by the sparks and hot surfaces induced by mechanical friction and impact especially, hot surfaces which could ignite explosive atmospheres prior to the mechanical sparks. In view of this, the research on the collision hot surface is based on the simulation of the falling gravity hammer test. The change law of the collision temperature field with the impact conditions is obtained by numerical simulation. The mathematical model for calculating the maximum flash point temperature is derived. And proves that whether the flash temperature is related to the mass needs to consider the elastic-plastic deformation of the material itself. Only when the compressive stress reaches the extreme value or the material is ideal elastic-plastic material, the flash temperature is independent of the mass. In addition to the properties of materials, friction coefficient, relative velocity and normal load are the main factors affecting the compressive stress of impact. Thus, an important method can be obtained that controlling the coefficient of friction between the acting surfaces within a critical range by improving the processing accuracy of the material surfaces may ensure the safety of the hot surfaces generated by impact.
Research on anti-interference and training set updating ability of fault diagnosis model of high voltage common rail system
Authors: Shi Yaoyao , Tiexiong Su
Published: July 2022

In the fault diagnosis of high-pressure common rail diesel engine, the problem of low accuracy of fault diagnosis is caused by the inability to classify untrained state problems and training sets. To solve the above problems, an anti-interference classification model for fault diagnosis of high-voltage common rail system based on alpha shapes algorithm and K-means algorithm is proposed in this paper. This model can improve the anti-interference ability and training set updating ability of the fault diagnosis model. Using the anti-interference classification model composed of anti-jamming device and classifier, the samples for fault diagnosis are screened in advance, and the singular values of untrained state and trained state are classified. By constructing an anti-interference classification model composed of anti-interference device and classifier, the fault is diagnosed, and then the dependency of singular values is obtained through cluster analysis, which improve the anti-interference ability and training set updating ability of the fault diagnosis model. By comparing the diagnosis results of the fault diagnosis model with and without anti-interference classifier, we can found that the addition of anti-interference classifier makes the fault diagnosis model of high-voltage common rail system obtain the anti-interference ability to the untrained state and the ability to update the training set of the singular value of the trained state, and can slightly improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis.
Understanding Biosimilar Insulins - Development, Manufacturing, and Clinical Trials
Authors: Heinemann Lutz , Davies Melanie , Home Philip , Forst Thomas , Vilsbøll Tina , Schnell Oliver
Published: July 2022

Background:

A wave of expiring patents for first-generation insulin analogues has created opportunities in the global insulin market for highly similar versions of these products, biosimilar insulins. Biologics are generally large, complex molecules produced through biotechnology in a living system, such as a microorganism, plant cell, or animal cell. Since manufacturing processes of biologics vary, biosimilars cannot be exact copies of their reference product but must exhibit a high degree of functional and structural similarity. Biosimilarity is proven by analytical approaches in comparative assessments, preclinical cell-based and animal studies, as well as clinical studies in humans facilitating the accumulation of evidence across all assessments. The approval of biosimilars follows detailed regulatory pathways derived from those of their reference products and established by agencies such as the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration. Regulatory authorities impose requirements to ensure that biosimilars meet high standards of quality, safety, and efficacy and are highly similar to their reference product.

Purpose:

This review aims to aid clinical understanding of the high standards of development, manufacturing, and regulation of biosimilar insulins.

Methods:

Recent relevant studies indexed by PubMed and regulatory documents were included.

Conclusions:

Driven by price competition, the emergence of biosimilar insulins may help expand global access to current insulin analogues. To maximize the impact of the advantage for falling retail costs of biosimilar insulins compared with that of reference insulins, healthcare professionals and insulin users must gain further awareness and confidence.
Phytochemicals, Antiinflammatory, and Analgesic Effects of the Ethanol Extract From the Leaves of Premna Flavescens Wall. ex C. B. Clarke
Authors: Le Ha Minh , Ngo Phuong Thi , Nguyen Anh Tuan , Do Huyen Thi Thanh
Published: July 2022

In the current study, the ethanol extract of Premna flavescens leaves (EPF) was evaluated for its in vivo antiinflammatory, analgesic potentials, and acute oral toxicity. The analgesic potential was assessed through the acetic acid-induced writhing test, and the antiinflammatory characteristic was determined through the carrageenan-induced paw edema test in mice. The analgesic experimental results indicated that at a dose of 750 mg/kg, EPF exhibited nearly the same effect as aspirin at a dose of 100 mg/kg. carrageenan-induced paw edema inflammation in experimental mice treated with EPF at a dose of 750 mg/kg was significantly reduced after 5 h of carrageenan injection. EPF did not show acute oral toxicity at the highest dose of 5 g/kg. Six compounds were isolated from EPF: friedelin (1), friedelinol (2), holoptelin B (3), ethyl p-methoxycinamate (4), 3β-hydroxy stigmast-5-en-7-one (5), and n-triacontanol (6). Compounds 1, 2, and 6 were isolated from P flavescens for the first time, while compounds 3, 4, and 5 were reported from the genus Premna for the first time. These findings give more scientific evidence for the traditional medicinal use of this plant to treat rheumatism and osteoarthritis.
Clinical and Quality of Life Outcomes Following Temperature-Controlled Radiofrequency Neurolysis of the Posterior Nasal Nerve (RhinAer) for Treatment of Chronic Rhinitis
Authors: Lee Jivianne T. , Abbas Gregory M. , Charous Daniel D. , Cuevas PD Dr. med. Mandy , Göktas Prof. Dr. med. Önder , Loftus Patricia A. , Nachlas Nathan E. , Toskala Elina M. , Watkins Jeremy P. , Brehmer Prof. Dr. med. Detlef
Published: July 2022

Background

Temperature-controlled radiofrequency (TCRF) neurolysis of the posterior nasal nerve (PNN; RhinAer) is a minimally invasive treatment option for patients with chronic rhinitis.

Objective

To determine clinical outcomes and quality of life (QoL) following TCRF neurolysis of the PNN.

Methods

A prospective single-arm study of 129 patients with chronic rhinitis at 16 medical centers in the United States and Germany.

Results

The mean 24-h reflective total nasal symptom score (rTNSS) improved from 7.8 (95% CI, 7.5-8.1) at baseline to 3.6 (95% CI, 3.2-4.0) at 3 months and continued to improve to 2.9 (95% CI, 2.5-3.3) at 6 months ( p < .001 comparing follow-up to baseline and p = .002 comparing 3 and 6 months). This represents 53.8% improvement over baseline at 3 months and 62.8% improvement at 6 months. Rhinorrhea, congestion, sneezing, and itching subscores and postnasal drip and cough scores were all significantly improved over baseline at both timepoints. At 3 months, 76.2% (95% CI, 68.1%-82.8%) of patients achieved a minimal clinically important difference of ≥30% improvement in rTNSS over baseline and the percentage was higher at 6 months (83.5% [95% CI, 75.8%-89.0%]). At 3 months, 80.3% (95% CI, 72.6%-86.3%) reported a minimal clinically important difference of ≥0.4-point improvement in the mini rhinoconjunctivitis quality of life questionnaire score, and the percentage was higher at 6 months; 87.7% (95% CI, 80.7%-92.4%). There were no serious adverse events with a relationship to the device/procedure reported through 6 months.

Conclusion

In this large, multicenter study, TCRF neurolysis of the PNN was safe and resulted in a significant reduction in rhinitis symptom burden at 3 months that was sustained/improved through 6 months. The majority of patients reported a clinically relevant improvement in QoL at 3 and 6 months postprocedure.
A rare case of Helicobacter pylori–uninfected foveolar-type gastric cancer with submucosal invasion and lymph node metastasis
Authors: Hirano Kazuki , Nomura Kosuke , Nobuhiro Dan , Tanaka Masami , Sato Junichiro , Matsui Akira , Haruta Shusuke , Kikuchi Daisuke , Hoteya Shu
Published: July 2022

Gastric cancer without Helicobacter pylori infection accounts for less than 1% of all gastric cancers, and is generally considered to be less invasive. This report describes a rare case of H. pylori–uninfected gastric cancer with deep submucosal invasion and lymph node metastasis. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed, and pathological examination revealed tubular adenocarcinoma with deep submucosal invasion. We diagnosed foveolar-type gastric adenocarcinoma. While many cases of foveolar-type gastric adenocarcinoma, especially of the white elevated type, are reported as early stage gastric cancer, this case is very rare because it showed submucosal invasion and lymph node metastasis.
REDCap mobile data collection: Using implementation science to explore the potential and pitfalls of a digital health tool in routine voluntary medical male circumcision outreach settings in Zimbabwe
Authors: Tran Vi , Gwenzi Farai , Marongwe Phiona , Rutsito Olbarn , Chatikobo Pesanai , Murenje Vernon , Hove Joseph , Munyaradzi Tinashe , Rogers Zoe , Tshimanga Mufuta , Sidile-Chitimbire Vuyelwa , Xaba Sinokuthemba , Ncube Gertrude , Masimba Lewis , Makunike-Chikwinya Batsirai , Holec Marrianne , Barnhart Scott , Weiner Bryan , Feldacker Caryl
Published: July 2022

Background

Digital data collection tools improve data quality but are limited by connectivity. ZAZIC, a Zimbabwean consortium focused on scaling up male circumcision (MC) services, provides MC in outreach settings where both data quality and connectivity is poor. ZAZIC implemented REDCap Mobile app for data collection among roving ZAZIC MC nurses. To inform continued scale-up or discontinuation, this paper details if, how, and for whom REDCap improved data quality using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework.

Methods

Data were collected for this retrospective, cross-sectional study for nine months, from July 2019 to March 2020, before COVID-19 paused MC services. Data completeness was compared between paper- and REDCap-based tools and between two ZAZIC partners using two sample, one-tailed t-tests.

Results

REDCap reached all roving nurses who reported 26,904 MCs from 1773 submissions. REDCap effectiveness, as measured by data completeness, decreased from 89.2% in paper to 76.6% in REDCap app for Partner 1 ( p < 0.001, 95% CI: −0.24, −0.12) but increased modestly from 86.2% to 90.3% in REDCap for Partner 2 ( p = 0.05, 95% CI: -.007, 0.12). Adoption of REDCap was 100%; paper-based reporting concluded in October 2019. Implementation varied by partner and user. Maintenance appeared high.

Conclusion

Although initial transition from paper to REDCap showed mixed effectiveness, post-hoc analysis from service resumption found increased REDCap data completeness across partners, suggesting locally-led momentum for REDCap-based data collection. Staff training, consistent mentoring, and continued technical support appear critical for continued use of digital health tools for quality data collection in rural Zimbabwe and similar low connectivity settings.
Time to act mature—Gearing eHealth evaluations towards technology readiness levels
Authors: Jansen-Kosterink Stephanie , Broekhuis Marijke , van Velsen Lex
Published: July 2022

It is challenging to design a proper eHealth evaluation. In our opinion, the evaluation of eHealth should be a continuous process, wherein increasingly mature versions of the technology are put to the test. In this article, we present a model for continuous eHealth evaluation, geared towards technology maturity. Technology maturity can be determined best via Technology Readiness Levels, of which there are nine, divided into three phases: the research, development, and deployment phases. For each phase, we list and discuss applicable activities and outcomes on the end-user, clinical, and societal front. Instead of focusing on a single perspective, we recommend to blend the end-user, health and societal perspective. With this article we aim to contribute to the methodological debate on how to create the optimal eHealth evaluation design.
Microprocessor feet improve prosthetic mobility and physical function relative to non-microprocessor feet
Authors: Weber Eric L , Stevens Phillip M , England Dwiesha L , Swilley Vahness D , Wurdeman Shane R
Published: July 2022

Introduction: The clinical benefits associated with the microprocessor regulation of prosthetic ankle position and resistance have largely been reported through manufacturer conducted research in controlled laboratory environments. Measures with greater ecological validity are needed. This study aimed to understand if there are differences in physical function and mobility outcomes as patients transitioned from a non-Microprocessor to Microprocessor Feet. Method: A retrospective analysis of patient outcomes was performed. Patient-reported benefits associated with the adoption of such prosthetic foot-ankle mechanisms were collected from 23 individuals through the longitudinal use of a custom short form of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System-Physical Function and individual items from the Prosthesis Evaluation Questionnaire. Results: The impact of Microprocessor Feet upon physical function and mobility were observed in a significant increase in physical function (mean increase in t-score of 5.4 ± 1.25; p = .0004) and significant improvements in several mobility items. Conclusions: Collectively, these measures support the beneficial impact of Microprocessor Feet on improving socket comfort, reducing back pain, improving sit to stand transfers and enhancing hill ascent and descent as well as stair negotiation.
Gender-Related Differences in Social Participation Among Japanese Elderly Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Goto Ryohei , Ozone Sachiko , Kawada Shogo , Yokoya Shoji
Published: July 2022

Introduction/Objectives:

The health of elderly individuals is known to benefit from maintaining societal involvement and relationships with other people, such as through social participation. We aimed to determine trends in the percentage of Japanese elderly people who engaged in social participation before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in one municipality in Japan, and compared differences in this status by gender.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were sent by mail to 3000 people aged 65 to 85 years who were randomly selected by the administrative staff of the city. Participant characteristics (age, gender, working status, residential status) and their economic status, daily physical activity, and social participation status were obtained at 3 time points: (1) before the COVID-19 pandemic in January 2020; (2) immediately prior to the declaration of a state of emergency in April 2020; and (3) in January 2021, 1 year after (1).

Results:

A total of 1301 people responded to the survey. The mean age was 73.3 (SD 5.5) years, and 690 (53.0%) were women. There were significant gender differences in terms of living alone, employment status, and amount of physical activity. The number of people reporting social participation gradually decreased from 543 respondents (41.7%) at (1) to 319 (24.5%) at (2) and 251 (19.3%) at (3). Women were more likely to demonstrate reduced social participation.

Conclusions:

Elderly individuals, particularly women, reported decreased social participation during the pandemic.
Does Executive Compensation Affect Accounting Irregularities? Evidence From Listed Firms in Indonesia
Authors: Soepriyanto Gatot , Kuncoro Engkos Achmad , Zudana Arfian Erma , Averine Livia
Published: July 2022

This research examined the association between executive compensation and accounting irregularities in Indonesia. Employing 1,100 firm-year observations during 2014 to 2017 period, we found that executive compensation is positively associated with accounting irregularities. This result is robust after we mitigated a serial order correlation of accounting irregularities and a self-selection bias using propensity score matching. We also discovered a positive relationship after considering alternative measures of accounting irregularities. Furthermore, we documented that the positive association between executive compensation and accounting irregularities is stronger for firms with higher board independence. Our findings provide important insights for regulators and Asian emerging market regulators who are considering promoting equity incentives for listed firms.
Shanghai municipal investment corporation: Extending government power through financialization under state entrepreneurialism
Authors: Feng Yi , Wu Fulong , Zhang Fangzhu
Published: July 2022

Financialized urban governance means that local governments have been increasingly reliant on financial techniques and in some extreme cases, been captured by shareholders’ interests. However, financialized governance mutates with various characteristics of local governance. This paper unpacks financialized urban governance in China based on the operation of Shanghai Municipal Investment Corporation (SMI). The Shanghai municipal government uses SMI as an intermediary to finance urban development. Based on the latest corporatization of SMI, we illustrate an embryonic form of financialized governance in which the Shanghai municipal government relies on financial means especially shareholding to manage and support SMI. In doing so, the municipal government internalizes financial techniques to manage state assets, seek funding, and guide urban development projects. The power of the state is not undermined during the process of financialization. Instead, the Shanghai government extends its power to the financial market to achieve its goals.
Histo-Molecular Profile of Breast Cancer in Young Women in Togo
Authors: Djiwa Toukilnan , Koui Baumaney , Simgban Panakinao , Mézéwè Sama Bagassam , Bombonne Mayi , Doukouré Brahima , Darré Tchin
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The frequency of breast cancer in young women, corresponding to women under 40 years of age; varies from 5% to 7% in developed countries. The objective of this study was to contribute to the improvement of the management of breast cancer in young women in Togo, by establishing the molecular classification of these cancers.

Methodology:

This was a retrospective descriptive and analytical study from January 2010 to December 2020.

Results:

About 35 cases of breast cancer were identified in women under 40 years of age. The average age was 35.4 ± 3.5 years. The right breast was affected in 18 cases (51.43%). Histologically, 30 cases (85.72%) were invasive carcinoma of no special type (NST), 2 cases (5.71%) were invasive lobular carcinoma and micro-papillary carcinoma respectively, and 1 case (2.86%) was tubular carcinoma. There were 6 cases (17.1%) of grade I, 25 cases (71.4%) of grade II, and 4 cases (11.4%) of grade III. Molecularly, there were 20 cases (57.1%) of triple-negative subtype, 6 cases (17.1%) of Luminal B subtype, 05 cases (14.3%) of HER2-enriched subtype and 4 cases (11.4%) of Luminal A subtype.

Conclusion:

Breast cancers of young Togolese women express very weakly hormone receptors, with a predominance of a triple negative subtype.
Arthroscopic Treatment of Anterior Shoulder Instability Using Suture Anchors With Pre-Tied Knots in the Beach Chair Position
Authors: Thomson Cameron G. , Sabbagh Ramsey S. , Shah Nihar S. , Figueras Jorge H. , Grawe Brian M.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Arthroscopic Bankart repair is routinely performed for treatment of anterior shoulder instability. Although an overall successful procedure, arthroscopic free-hand knot tying can be challenging and inconsistent, even for experienced surgeons. Knotless anchors, on the other hand, pose challenges in developing consistent good loop security prior to implantation, and, in the absence of a secure loop tissue tension on the glenoid face, might be inadequate. As an alternative, suture anchors with pre-tied knots offer the strength and security of knots without the need to perform complex and unreliable free-handed ties. Furthermore, loop security is consistent, reliable, and effective with each anchor.

Indications:

Patients with anterior labral tears and minimal bone loss are candidates for arthroscopic Bankart repair. The goal of surgery is to restore a robust tissue profile and statically keep the humeral head well-seated within the glenohumeral joint space.

Technique Description:

We demonstrate how to perform Bankart repair using suture anchors with pre-tied knots. The torn labrum is first mobilized and elevated, and suture anchors are placed along the glenoid rim from inferior to superior, treating the torn tissue as “rungs of a ladder.” The pre-tied sliding knot secures the restored labrum, along with glenohumeral ligaments and capsule, as necessary, using only a limited number of incrementally tensioned half hitch knots.

Results:

Of the 30 patients treated for anterior shoulder instability using this technique, the majority met the minimal clinically important improvement in the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score, Western Ontario Shoulder Instability Index, and Marx activity scale by 2 years. Two patients reported experiencing subsequent minor subluxation events that improved following short courses of physical therapy, and no patients sustained subsequent frank dislocations.

Discussion/Conclusion:

Using suture anchors with pre-tied knots for arthroscopic Bankart repair allows for fast, easy, and consistently dependable reconstruction of the labrum and leads to reliable clinical outcomes.
Grab regulates transferrin receptor recycling and iron uptake in developing erythroblasts
Authors: Chen Mengying , Zhang Yuhan , Jiang Kailun , Wang Weixi , Feng He , Zhen Ru , Moo Chingyee , Zhang Zhuonan , Shi Jiahai , Chen Caiyong
Published: July 2022

Developing erythroblasts acquire massive amounts of iron through the transferrin (Tf) cycle, which involves endocytosis, sorting, and recycling of the Tf-Tf receptor (Tfrc) complex. Previous studies on the hemoglobin-deficit (hbd) mouse have shown that the exocyst complex is indispensable for the Tfrc recycling; however, the precise mechanism underlying the efficient exocytosis and recycling of Tfrc in erythroblasts remains unclear. Here, we identify the guanine nucleotide exchange factor Grab as a critical regulator of the Tf cycle and iron metabolism during erythropoiesis. Grab is highly expressed in differentiating erythroblasts. Loss of Grab diminishes the Tfrc recycling and iron uptake, leading to hemoglobinization defects in mouse primary erythroblasts, mammalian erythroleukemia cells, and zebrafish embryos. These defects can be alleviated by supplementing iron together with hinokitiol, a small-molecule natural compound that can mediate iron transport independent of the Tf cycle. Mechanistically, Grab regulates the exocytosis of Tfrc-associated vesicles by activating the GTPase Rab8, which subsequently promotes the recruitment of the exocyst complex and vesicle exocytosis. Our results reveal a critical role for Grab in regulating the Tf cycle and provide new insights into iron homeostasis and erythropoiesis.
Combining single-cell tracking and omics improves blood stem cell fate regulator identification
Authors: Wehling A. , Loeffler D. , Zhang Y. , Kull T. , Donato C. , Szczerba B. , Camargo Ortega G. , Lee M. , Moor A. , Göttgens B. , Aceto N. , Schroeder T.
Published: July 2022

Molecular programs initiating cell fate divergence (CFD) are difficult to identify. Current approaches usually compare cells long after CFD initiation, therefore missing molecular changes at its start. Ideally, single cells that differ in their CFD molecular program but are otherwise identical are compared early in CFD. This is possible in diverging sister cells, which were identical until their mother’s division and thus differ mainly in CFD properties. In asymmetrically dividing cells, divergent daughter fates are prospectively committed during division, and diverging sisters can thus be identified at the start of CFD. Using asymmetrically dividing blood stem cells, we developed a pipeline (ie, trackSeq) for imaging, tracking, isolating, and transcriptome sequencing of single cells. Their identities, kinship, and histories are maintained throughout, massively improving molecular noise filtering and candidate identification. In addition to many identified blood stem CFD regulators, we offer here this pipeline for use in CFDs other than asymmetric division.
Efflux capacity and aldehyde dehydrogenase both contribute to CD8+ T-cell resistance to posttransplant cyclophosphamide
Authors: Patterson Michael T. , Nunes Natalia S. , Wachsmuth Lucas P. , Panjabi Amrit , Fletcher Rochelle E. , Khan Shanzay M. , Dimitrova Dimana , Kanakry Jennifer A. , Luznik Leo , Kanakry Christopher G.
Published: July 2022

Mechanisms of T-cell survival after cytotoxic chemotherapy, including posttransplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy), are not well understood. Here, we explored the impact of PTCy on human CD8+ T-cell survival and reconstitution, including what cellular pathways drive PTCy resistance. In major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC), treatment with mafosfamide, an in vitro active cyclophosphamide analog, preserved a relatively normal distribution of naïve and memory CD8+ T cells, whereas the percentages of mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells and phenotypically stem cell memory (Tscm) T-cell subsets were increased. Activated (CD25+) and proliferating CD8+ T cells were derived from both naïve and memory subsets and were reduced but still present after mafosfamide. By contrast, cyclosporine-A (CsA) or rapamycin treatment preferentially maintained nonproliferating CD25− naïve cells. Drug efflux capacity and aldehyde dehydrogenase-1A1 expression were increased in CD8+ T cells in allogeneic reactions in vitro and in patients, were modulated by common γ-chain cytokines and the proliferative state of the cell, and contributed to CD8+ T-cell survival after mafosfamide. The CD8+ T-cell composition early after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in PTCy-treated patients was dominated by CD25+ and phenotypically memory, including Tscm and MAIT, cells, consistent with MLC. Yet, MHC-mismatched murine HCT studies revealed that peripherally expanded, phenotypically memory T cells 1 to 3 months after transplant originated largely from naïve-derived rather than memory-derived T cells surviving PTCy, suggesting that initial resistance and subsequent immune reconstitution are distinct. These studies provide insight into the complex immune mechanisms active in CD8+ T-cell survival, differentiation, and reconstitution after cyclophosphamide, with relevance for post-HCT immune recovery, chemotherapy use in autologous settings, and adoptive cellular therapies.
Venetoclax enhances the efficacy of therapeutic antibodies in B-cell malignancies by augmenting tumor cell phagocytosis
Authors: Vogiatzi Fotini , Heymann Julia , Müller Kristina , Winterberg Dorothee , Drakul Aneta , Rösner Thies , Lenk Lennart , Heib Michelle , Gehlert Carina Lynn , Cario Gunnar , Schrappe Martin , Claviez Alexander , Bornhauser Beat , Bourquin Jean-Pierre , Bomken Simon , Adam Dieter , Frielitz Fabian-Simon , Maecker-Kolhoff Britta , Stanulla Martin , Valerius Thomas , Peipp Matthias , Kellner Christian , Schewe Denis M.
Published: July 2022

Immunotherapy has evolved as a powerful tool for the treatment of B-cell malignancies, and patient outcomes have improved by combining therapeutic antibodies with conventional chemotherapy. Overexpression of antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) is associated with a poor prognosis, and increased levels have been described in patients with “double-hit” diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, a subgroup of Burkitt’s lymphoma, and patients with pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia harboring a t(17;19) translocation. Here, we show that the addition of venetoclax (VEN), a specific Bcl-2 inhibitor, potently enhanced the efficacy of the therapeutic anti-CD20 antibody rituximab, anti-CD38 daratumumab, and anti-CD19-DE, a proprietary version of tafasitamab. This was because of an increase in antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis by macrophages as shown in vitro and in vivo in cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models. Mechanistically, double-hit lymphoma cells subjected to VEN triggered phagocytosis in an apoptosis-independent manner. Our study identifies the combination of VEN and therapeutic antibodies as a promising novel strategy for the treatment of B-cell malignancies.
Copy number variation at the 22q11.2 locus influences prevalence, severity, and psychiatric impact of sleep disturbance
Authors: O’Hora Kathleen P. , Lin Amy , Kushan-Wells Leila , Bearden Carrie E.
Published: July 2022

Background

Sleep disturbance is common, impairing, and may affect symptomatology in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we take a genetics-first approach to study the complex role of sleep in psychopathology. Specifically, we examine severity of sleep disturbance in individuals with a reciprocal copy number variant (CNV) at the 22q11.2 locus and determine sleep’s effect on psychiatric symptoms. CNVs (deletion or duplication) at this locus confer some of the greatest known risks of neuropsychiatric disorders; recent studies suggest the 22q11.2 deletion negatively impacts sleep, but sleep disruption associated with 22q11.2 duplication has not been investigated.

Methods

We compared subjective sleep disturbance and its relationship to psychiatric symptoms cross-sectionally and longitudinally over 1 year in 107 22q11.2 deletion (22qDel) carriers (14.56±8.0 years; 50% male), 42 22q11.2 duplication (22qDup) carriers (16.26±13.1 years; 54.8% male), and 88 age- and sex-matched controls (14.65±7.4 years; 47.1% male). Linear mixed models were used to compare sleep disturbance, assessed via the Structured Interview for Psychosis-Risk Syndromes (SIPS), across groups. Next, CNV carriers were categorized as good or poor sleepers to investigate sleep effects on multiple neurobehavioral traits: psychosis-risk symptoms (SIPS), autism-related behaviors (Repetitive Behavior Scale (RBS) and Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS)), real-world executive function (Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF)), and emotional/behavioral problems (Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL)). Linear mixed models tested the effect of sleep category and a group-by-sleep interaction on each measure, cross-sectionally and longitudinally.

Results

22qDel and 22qDup carriers both reported poorer sleep than controls, but did not differ from each other. Cross-sectionally and longitudinally, poor sleepers scored higher on positive symptoms, anxious/depressed, somatic complaints, thought problems, and aggressive behavior, as well as RBS and SRS total scores. There were significant group-by-sleep interactions for positive symptoms and the majority of CBCL subdomains, in which the difference between good and poor sleepers was larger in 22qDel compared to 22qDup.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that CNVs at the 22q11.2 locus impact sleep which, in turn, influences psychopathology. Sleep disturbances can differentially impact psychopathology, depending on 22q11.2 gene dosage. Our findings serve as a starting point for exploring a genetic basis for sleep disturbance in developmental neuropsychiatric disorders.
Assessing robustness in multimodal transportation systems: a case study in Lisbon
Authors: Aparicio Joao Tiago , Arsenio Elisabete , Henriques Rui
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Worldwide public transport systems are exposed to disruptions caused by malfunctions, accidents, maintenance, reduced fleet, and disasters, compromising mobility. Transport networks’ multimodal planning and management can be explored to increase their robustness against these events. In this context, this research paper proposes and empirically compares methods to assess the robustness of a multimodal transport network, looking at aspects regarding the single-mode and multimodal network topology.

Materials and Methods

We hypothesize that the appropriate multilayered and traffic sensitive modeling of a multimodal transport network can help characterize robustness and further unravel vulnerabilities related to the integration of different transport modes. Using metric-based targeting, we evaluate how the network decreases performance when simulating failures on stations and pathways using different scenarios. The following six extraction strategies for nodes and edges were used in the simulation: Random removal; Initial Degree removal; Initial Betweenness removal; Recalculate Degree removal; Recalculate Betweenness removal; and Multimodal Hubs removal. Lisbon’s public transport is used as a case study and is modeled as a multiplex network integrating eight different modes of transport. Proposing a novel normalized version of assessing the impact of failures, we were able to compare side by side the robustness of each modality layer, regardless of their size. Lastly, we simulate cascading events such as the breakdown of an entire transportation line.

Conclusions

Using different ways to induce failures in the network, we observe that to leave all nodes completely disconnected, we would need to remove about half the network nodes, highlighting the robustness of the Lisbon public transport network. Comparing different failure scenarios, methods that rely on recalculating network metrics yield a higher impact on the network robustness assessment. The impact of different events is quantified, showing that failures in stations are generally more dangerous than in pathways and offering views on the consequences of deactivating particular network modules. Overall, the results of this study allow decision-makers to gain further understanding of the topological vulnerabilities of a transportation network.
MTAGCN: predicting miRNA-target associations in Camellia sinensis var. assamica through graph convolution neural network
Authors: Feng Haisong , Xiang Ying , Wang Xiaosong , Xue Wei , Yue Zhenyu
Published: July 2022

Background

MircoRNAs (miRNAs) play a central role in diverse biological processes ofCamellia sinensisvar.assamica (CSA) through their associations with target mRNAs, including CSA growth, development and stress response. However, although the experiment methods of CSA miRNA-target identifications are costly and time-consuming, few computational methods have been developed to tackle the CSA miRNA-target association prediction problem.

Results

In this paper, we constructed a heterogeneous network for CSA miRNA and targets by integrating rich biological information, including a miRNA similarity network, a target similarity network, and a miRNA-target association network. We then proposed a deep learning framework of graph convolution networks with layer attention mechanism, named MTAGCN. In particular, MTAGCN uses the attention mechanism to combine embeddings of multiple graph convolution layers, employing the integrated embedding to score the unobserved CSA miRNA-target associations.

Discussion

Comprehensive experiment results on two tasks (balanced task and unbalanced task) demonstrated that our proposed model achieved better performance than the classic machine learning and existing graph convolution network-based methods. The analysis of these results could offer valuable information for understanding complex CSA miRNA-target association mechanisms and would make a contribution to precision plant breeding.