bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Rosary of 100 Requiem: Reviving an Old Ritual (and a Traditional Belief) in the Public Space of a Cemetery
Authors: Carassi Vito
Published: January 2025

The worship of the dead, and in particular of the holy souls in Purgatory, is a deep-rooted tradition in southern Italy. The related beliefs and rituals concern both the calendric customs (November is the month dedicated to the faithful departed) and the life cycle customs (the surviving connections with the dearly departed). One of the most widespread practices has been the recitation of the Rosary of 100 Requiem, during which participants recite ten sets of ten Requiem aeternam, the main Catholic prayer devoted to the faithful departed. This ritual could be individually or collectively performed within domestic/private or sacred/public spaces (churches, chapels, cemeteries). In this paper I discuss a collective ritual which a lay confraternity has recently revived in Castellaneta (Apulia). While originally (until the 1960s) it took place in a small room in the cathedral, now it is set within the larger space of a cemetery, in the form of a procession going through the cemeterial buildings. The participants, walking behind a Crucifix, recite one hundred Requiem aeternam and read pious texts along a sort of Via Crucis in ten stations. Significantly, instead of being bound to a specific period (for example, November), this ritual is performed on the first Sunday of every month. In so doing, the Rosary of 100 Requiem enables a dynamic reconfiguration of a sacred, urban, liminal space (the cemetery) through a revived and innovated ritual, whose monthly repetition transforms an almost vanished traditional practice into an ordinary community event that creates a deeply felt experience of life/death relationships.
Ritualising Reykjavík: New Festivals in the Capital of Iceland 1998-2018
Authors:   University of Iceland, Gunnell Terry
Published: January 2025

As the title suggests, the aim of this article is to consider the new festivals that have developed in Reykjavík between 1998 and 2018, noting how they have been influenced by the rise in the number of tourists and foreign citizens, a growing sense of international involvement, and the feeling that the ritual year needs “filling in” to make the city an all-year round attraction. Starting by noting the arrival of the Reykjavík Arts Festival in the 1970s, the article considers a range of urban festivals including Cultural Night, the arrival of Gay Pride, Women’s Free Day, Iceland Airwaves and the development of Halloween in recent years. It also considers the key differences in nature between these new festivals and those that preceded them.
Vlachian Christmas in Vienna
Authors:   Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (Kunstkamera) Russian Academy of Science, Saint Petersburg, Golant Natalia
Published: January 2025

The article is dedicated to the celebration of Christmas among the Vlachs from Eastern Serbia, currently living in Vienna, on a permanent or temporarily base. The author compares their Christmas practices with the ones celebrated by Vlachs in Eastern Serbia (the Zajecar village community, Zajecar district, and the from the Negotin and Kladovo village communities, Bor district). The paper focuses on particular ceremonial practices, such as the use of the Christmas log (Rom. dial. badnjak) and the Christmas cake with divination objects inside (Rom. dial. banica, cesnica). The text is based on fieldwork materials collected by the author from 2016 to 2018.
Pussies galore: Women, Power, and Protest in the Age of Trump
Authors:   Institute of Ethnography and Folklore “Constantin Brailoiu”, Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Santino Jack
Published: January 2025

As eclectic as they are, our times express a multilevel predisposition to re-actuate ‘archaic tradition’ (whatever it means, but for certain, in connection with another contemporary obsession, which is ‘authenticity’) as a return-to-nature movement. This process comes from the urban environment and is often formalised through new rituals, which do not absorb original, genuine old rituals, perhaps already vanished, but which are based on their descriptions and interpretations. The case discussed in this article is from Romanian tradition and is represented by the wedding in a vegetal sanctuary (Rom. biserica de brazi). I analysed an article published in Formula As, a new-age magazine with a large audience, in order to disclose strategies of a turning a ritual in a legend, that occurs at the intersection between ethnographic and fictional texts.
Memorialising Historical Events In The Urban Space: Temporary Memorials, Monuments And Rituals
Authors:   Lithuanian Culture Research Institute, Urbonienė Skaidrė
Published: January 2025

In commemorating certain events, especially tragic ones relating to the deaths of people, temporary memorials, showing people’s respect for the dead, or expressing other feelings, thoughts or ideas, usually appear at the sites of these events. The article deals with temporary memorials put up at the time of the events of 13 January 1991, and the permanent monuments that replaced them afterwards. Citizens use these sites for memorial services, mourning and other commemorative rituals on the date of the event and other relevant dates. The article analyses the message that is transmitted through these memorials, and their significance in the city’s rituals.
A Rare Case of Paediatric Traumatic Intraperitoneal Urinary Bladder Rupture
Authors: Prabhanjan LS , Hivre Mangesh , Gupta Dilip , Singh Aarhata Pramod
Published: January 2025

Blunt trauma to the abdomen is widely encountered in the Emergency Department (ED) among both children and adults. Trauma is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality, even in the paediatric population. However, post-traumatic rupture of the urinary bladder in children is a rare occurrence. Hereby, the authors present a case report of a seven-year-old male, who was a victim of a bike versus truck collision, was brought to the Emergency Department in a state of haemodynamic shock. Two out of the three passengers on the motorcycle succumbed to their injuries on the spot. The survivor was rushed to the ED by ambulance. Upon initial examination, the patient was in a state of haemodynamic shock, with abdominal tenderness, lower abdominal guarding, and left inguinal subcutaneous emphysema. Fluid resuscitation was initiated at 10 mL/kg of crystalloids through intravenous access. Insertion of a Foley catheter revealed frank haematuria without urine output, and a Contrast-enhanced Computed Tomography (CECT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed gross haemoperitoneum. The patient was taken for emergency exploratory laparotomy, as the suspicion of bladder rupture was high. The procedure revealed a 3×4 cm rent in the dome of the urinary bladder. The bladder was repaired with Polydioxanone Suture 2-0 sutures in two layers. An abdominal drain was placed in the pelvic cavity, and the abdomen was closed in layers. The patient was discharged after seven days with an indwelling Foley catheter. The Foley catheter was kept in place for 14 days, after which it was removed following a successful trial voiding. On subsequent follow-up, the patient had no urinary complaints and recovered well. The present case report is significant as it addresses the bladder rupture of a young child who was a victim of a road accident. It is evident that double-layer repair of the bladder rupture with absorbable sutures yields significant outcomes even in children.
Impact of Aqueduct on Environment and Countermeasures
Authors: Guo Jiahan
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, China's development is becoming increasingly comprehensive, and the connections between regions are becoming increasingly close. The demand for aqueduct construction is growing daily. In aqueduct construction, people are not only concerned about the quality of construction but are also increasingly focusing on the impact on the environment during the construction process. This article evaluates and prevents the environmental impact of aqueduct construction from various aspects during the construction process.
Isolation of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Mobile Phone of University Students in Enugu State, Nigeria
Authors: Ifeyinwa Ezugwu, Roseline
Published: January 2025

Mobile phone is a wireless handheld electronic device that allow users to make and receive calls. They are becoming formites for the transmission of methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), due to unhealthy handling of these devices by users who do not have regard for hygiene, thereby making the gadget prone to pathogenic microorganisms. This could be a source of infection which and may be detrimental to the health of the students. The study was carried out to isolate Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from mobile phone of University students and to propose possible preventive measures against the organism. A total of 60 mobile phones were randomly selected from University students and swab from surfaces of these mobile phones were collected using disposable sterile cotton swabs moistened with sterile normal saline. These samples were inoculated onto plates containing Mannitol salt agar and were incubated aerobically at 370C for 24 hours. Out of the sixty (60) mobile phone samples that were analyzed, 41 (68.3%) of the samples were contaminated with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. This was determined using Oxacillin (Oxoid) 10µg sensitivity disc which 41 (68.3%) of the samples were resistant to. This study showed that mobile phones are carriers of MRSA. Therefore, it is recommended that adequate cleanliness or good hygiene practices such as constant hand washing, regular disinfection of mobile phones with 70% alcohol and avoiding the use of mobile phones in the toilet are necessary measures that will help in reducing the occurrence of this organism. These measures can make mobile phones MRSA-free thereby reducing morbidity, mortality and the cost of medical treatment.
From 'Sexiest Job' to 'Most Responsible Role': The Evolution of Data Scientists
Authors: Singh Sushant K.
Published: January 2025

This opinion article explores the evolving responsibilities of data scientists in the current data-driven landscape, in which ethical, privacy, and governance standards have grown considerably in importance. Although the job of data scientist initially attracted attention for its allure and high earning potential, in recent years, it has become associated with a particularly high level of responsibility, requiring practitioners to balance their technical skills with a commitment to social impact and accountability. This article examines the essential qualifications and criteria of a responsible data scientist, including a robust ethical awareness, an understanding of privacy safeguards and transparency, and a commitment to continuous learning. This article also discusses hiring practices that prioritize these qualities and outlines strategies for fostering a data-driven culture grounded in responsibility and trust. In the current landscape, responsible data scientists not only analyze data but also protect ethical data practices, which is crucial to building a transparent, fair, and sustainable digital world. This article also provides a framework and guidelines for identifying and recruiting responsible data scientists.
Performance Analysis of 4G Technology Across Mobile Network Operators in Nigeria Using Evolve Radio Access Bearer Channel Drop Rate
Authors: Essien Umoh Enoima
Published: January 2025

This study aims to evaluate the performance and reliability of 4G technology across mobile network operators in Nigeria by analyzing the Evolved Radio Access Bearer (ERAB) channel drop rate. Covering a 36-month period from January 2021 to December 2023, the research seeks to provide insights into how well these networks meet the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) benchmark of 2% for drop rates, thereby reflecting their capacity to deliver quality service. Data obtained from the NCC were analyzed using graphical and statistical methods to identify trends, strengths, and areas for improvement. Results reveal that all networks consistently maintained ERAB drop rates within the NCC threshold, demonstrating compliance with regulatory standards. MTN consistently emerged as the top performer, followed by Airtel, while 9mobile and Globacom showed relatively higher, but still compliant, drop rates. This study underscores the importance of network optimization and offers actionable recommendations for further enhancing reliability and user experience in Nigeria's mobile networks.
Therapeutic Management of Chocolate Toxicity in a Rottweiler Dog
Authors: Kushwaha Neelam , Begum Safeeda Sultana , Mohan Anand
Published: January 2025

A seven years old Rottweiler dog was presented to Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Kishanganj, Bihar, in lateral recumbency with a history of anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea (loose stool) over the previous two days. History taking revealed excessive consumption of chocolates (both milk chocolate and dark chocolate) by the dog two days earlier. The case was clinically diagnosed as chocolate toxicity. Tachycardia with arrythmia and tachypnea were noticed on cardiac and lung auscultation, respectively. The dog was treated with Normal saline solution, Propranolol hydrochloride, Ondansetron, Ranitidine hydrochloride, Cefotaxime and Vitamin B complex. Complete clinical recovery was observed after 3rd day of treatment. It has been concluded that such cases of chocolate toxicity can be successfully managed with appropriate supportive treatment and diligent monitoring of the patient.
A Review on Targeted Drug Development for Breast Cancer Using Innovative Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs)
Authors: Bunmi Kutelu Aderemi , Adeyemo Kolade Seun
Published: January 2025

Aim: This study reviews the recent trends in targeted drug development against breast cancer using innovative active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to achieve better therapeutic outcomes.
Study Design: A review of literature from 2019 to 2024, exploring active pharmaceutical ingredients being used in breast cancer treatment, focusing on nanotechnology, molecular targeting, and personalized medicine approaches.
Methodology: Extensive review of the literature on peer-reviewed articles was done from Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library. Inclusion criteria included studies discussing innovative active pharmaceutical ingredients, subtypes of breast cancer, and targeted therapy clinical applications.
Results: A total of 12 key studies were identified from the review that emphasized the transformative potential of APIs in the treatment of breast cancer including HER2-enriched, Luminal A, Luminal B, and Basal-like. Notable innovations in APIs include trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1), an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting HER2-positive breast cancer; polymeric micelles for co-delivery of paclitaxel and siRNA, which showed synergistic tumor growth inhibition in vivo; and gold nanoparticles conjugated with folic acid, improving targeted drug delivery. Moreover, personalized medicine approaches, such as next-generation sequencing for identifying actionable mutations and companion diagnostics for patient-specific therapy, showed considerable enhancement in therapeutic efficacy.
Conclusion: Innovative APIs are one of the most promising frontiers in the treatment of breast cancer, which overcomes the drawbacks of traditional treatments. However, challenges remain in the standardization, regulatory approval, and global accessibility of these treatments. The findings indicate that advanced technologies must be combined with regulatory frameworks to achieve sustainable advancement in oncology therapeutics.
Yield of Bioactive Compounds from Guava Fruit and Leaves Using Green Extraction (Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction): A Comparative Study
Authors: Khanna Somya , Singh Pragati , Chauhan Ekta Singh
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical plant widely recognized for its nutritional and medicinal value. Its fruit and leaves are rich sources of bioactive compounds, including phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, and terpenoids, which exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Despite the fruit's widespread use, guava leaves remain underutilized due to limited awareness of their health benefits. But these bioactive compounds can be extracted from the guava leaves by using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) technique which is one of the green extraction for extracting bioactive compounds.
Aim: This study focused on extracting bioactive compounds from guava fruit and leaves using the bioactive compounds present in guava fruit and leaves.
Methodology: This study used fresh guava fruit and leaves that were dried and ground separately into a powder. Then, the bioactive compounds were extracted using the UAE technique, and water was used as a solvent. The extract of guava fruit and leaves was prepared, which was further used for analysis of the bioactive compounds.
Results: The results revealed significant yields, with guava leaves showing higher phenolic content 0.71% (192 mg GAE/g), alkaloid content (11.89 mg/g), tannin content (276 mg/l), and terpenoid content (3.81 mg/g), while guava fruit had elevated flavonoid content (7.9 mg/g) and saponin content (0.71%).
Conclusion: The findings show that the guava leaves aqueous extract contain a high content of bioactive compounds as compared to the guava fruit aqueous extract. Future studies can explore the therapeutic applications of guava bioactive compounds in pharmaceuticals and functional foods. Additionally, optimizing green extraction methods like UAE for industrial-scale applications can enhance sustainable utilization.
Evaluation of Different Plant Oils against Rice Moth, Corcyra cephalonica, Stainton in Stored Groundnut Kernels
Authors: Jadav Gita , Deb Sushma
Published: January 2025

One of the primary pests believed to cause loss is the rice moth (Corcyra cephalonica, Stainton), which feeds on stored groundnuts. For that biological control measure are ecological relevant over the use of chemical fertilizer. Therefore, the aim of present to assess the effectiveness of various plant oils against the rice moth, the current experiment was carried out. The study was conducted in a laboratory using a completely randomized design with nine treatments and four repetitions. The results was showed that among various plant oils, neem oil at 0.5 per cent was most effective against rice moth as it recorded maximum oviposition deterrence (91.10%), highest reduction in adult emergence (93.28%), lowest longevity of male (1.73 days), as well as female (2.08 days) moth, lowest fecundity (26.98 eggs/female) as well as egg viability (38.50%), minimum weight loss (10.05%) and had no adverse effect on the germination of groundnut kernels after 3 months of storage followed by castor oil at 0.5 per cent.
Effect of Plant Beneficial Rhizobacteria on Growth and Yield of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Grown in a Sandy Clay Loam Soil under Pot Experiment
Authors: Khan Mohd Salman , Khan Mohammad Saghir
Published: January 2025

Excessive and injudicious application of agrochemicals to optimize crop production has shown detrimental effects on microbial composition and function, soil-plant ecosystems, and human health via food chain. The microbiological strategies (phosphorus solubilization and ammonium production etc.), reduce the chemical dependency and mitigate environmental and human health risks. This study aimed to isolate and characterize plant beneficial bacteria from maize rhizospheres and asses their impact on wheat performance in pot trials. Cultures were characterized by morphological and biochemical assays. From these, two optimal cultures designated BSK1 and PS1, were selected for further investigation into their plant-growth promoting traits. The bacterial strains have ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophore, hydrogen cyanogenic and ammonium compounds along with phosphorus solubilization. Meanwhile, BSK1 demonstrated superior production levels of Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), (203.61±2.08 μg ml-1), phosphate solubilization (15 mm) and siderophores (17 mm). Furthermore, both cultures exhibited positive qualitative traits for hydrogen cyanogenic and ammonium compounds. Later identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as B. subtilis (BSK1) and P. fluorescens (PS1). Respectively. Subsequently, in a two-year trial, the co-inoculation of the wheat plants by B. subtilis with P. fluorescens maximally enhanced the whole plant biomass, total chlorophyll content (7.9 mg/g), grain yields (33.5 g/plant), and protein content (96.2 mg/g) at harvest. A heavy bacterial colonization onto the root rhizosphere was revealed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image which was significantly dense for mixed cultures of B. subtilis with P. fluorescens. The results suggest that B. subtilis and P. fluorescens expressing multiple plant growth-promoting activity can be used to produce composite bioinoculants for enhancing wheat production while reducing the use of fertilizers.
Cancer outcome research – a European challenge Part II: Opportunities and priorities
Authors: Kalager Mette , Adami Hans‐Olov , Dickman Paul W. , Lagergren Pernilla , Steindorf Karen
Published: December 2021

In Part I of our review of cancer outcome research, we analysed pros and cons of various measures relevant to quantifying the burden of cancer. Based on our recommendations in Part I, we now discuss in Part II opportunities and priorities in four areas of outcome research: primary prevention; early detection screening; treatment; and quality‐of‐life assessment. We recommend the establishment of an infrastructure that facilitates high‐quality research in these areas: (a) progress in primary prevention can be assessed most directly by monitoring cancer incidence although the interpretation of temporal trends is notoriously confounded by numerous factors that complicate causal inference. (b) preventive screening, with the aim to prevent advanced disease, appears to work well in in some tumours but not in others. It will require randomized control trials (RCTs) to quantify benefits and harms although conclusive studies are increasingly difficult to undertake. We therefore propose learning screening programmes (randomization at the time of rolling out population‐based programmes) as the most feasible approach. (c) New therapeutic interventions tailored to the individual patient often require assessment in RCTs with rather complex and dynamic structure, making their design and analyses increasingly challenging but also more suited to be executed as academic, PI‐initiated trials. (d) We next discuss assessment of quality‐of‐life aspects. Quality of life is a neglected component in outcome research with an urgent need for development, validation and standardization. We finally recommend four initiatives that would pave the way for a valid and informative assessment of the goals for improved cancer control in Europe as defined by the European Academy of Cancer Sciences.
Platoon of uncertain unmanned surface vehicle teams subject to stochastic environmental loads
Authors: Azarbahram Ali , Pariz Naser , Naghibi‐Sistani Mohammad‐Bagher , Kardehi Moghaddam Reihaneh
Published: December 2021

The article proposes a robust adaptive framework for platoon of uncertain unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) subject to stochastic environmental loads. The disturbances induced by waves, wind, and ocean currents in the kinetics are decomposed into deterministic and stochastic components. The deterministic components can be treated as unknown constants, while stochastic components are regarded as Gaussian random disturbances. The stochastic additive noises are also included in the kinematics which stands for the un‐modeled dynamics and uncertainty. A comprehensive model including kinematics and kinetics of each USV agent is then derived as stochastic differential equations including standard Wiener processes. Thus, the problem formulation is much more challenging and practical since both the exogenous disturbances and kinematics states are defined by stochastic differential equations. Dynamic surface control technique, quartic Lyapunov functions synthesis, the projection algorithm, and neural networks are employed in order to guarantee that all the tracking errors are semi‐globally uniformly ultimately bounded in probability. Finally, the simulation experiments quantify the effectiveness of proposed approach.
Frontiers and Structural Engineering for Building Flexible Zinc–Air Batteries
Authors: Zhang Tao , Wu Ningxiang , Zhao Yanhua , Zhang Xinglong , Wu Jiansheng , Weng Jiena , Li Sheng , Huo Fengwei , Huang Wei
Published: December 2021

With the development of flexible devices, the demand for wearable power sources has increased and gradually become imperative. Zinc–air batteries (ZABs) have attracted lots of research interest due to their high theoretical energy density and excellent safety properties, which can meet the wearable energy supply requirements. Here, the flexibility of energy storage devices is discussed first, followed by the chemistries and development of flexible ZABs. The design of flexible electrodes, the properties of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), and the construction of deformable structures are discussed in depth. The researchers working on flexible energy storage devices will benefit from the work.
Healable epoxy‐based dielectric semi‐interpenetrating networks with different degrees of cross‐linking
Authors: Sun Wenjie , Luo Jiaming , Zhang Lei , Liang Yujie , Chen Yue , Zhou Han , Zheng Yiting , Cheng Yonghong
Published: December 2021

This study concerns thermal stimulated healable epoxy‐based semi‐interpenetrating networks (semi‐IPNs). The crosslinking degree was adjusted using different curing agents to demonstrate its influence on healability. In addition to tensile properties, this study focuses on the influence of healing efficiency on dielectric performance, especially leakage current, following mechanical damage. We propose that there exists an inverse relationship between the degree of crosslinking degree and healing. A maximum healing efficiency of 93% is obtained calculated from volume resistivity change. We find that the variable Tg of the semi‐IPN crosslinking network based on epoxy resin, rather than the variable Tm of the thermoplastic, determines the temperature boundary for healing. We further suggest that the healing efficiency could be influenced simultaneously by the network structure and the quantity of poly(ε‐caprolactone). These results suggest that semi‐IPNs can be used to develop healable insulating materials for electrical applications.
Enhanced thermal and anti‐ablation properties of high‐temperature resistant reactive POSS modified boron phenolic resin
Authors: Niu Zhaoqi , Li Gang , Xin Yi , Ma Xiaoyan , Zhang Chengshuang , Hou Xiao
Published: December 2021

To further improve the anti‐ablation property of boron phenolic resin (BPR), high‐temperature resistant reactive trisilanolheptaphenyl POSS (3OH‐POSS) was synthesized to modify BPR. The thermal stability of BPR was significantly improved. The initial decomposition temperature of the prepared 3OH‐POSS modified BPR (POSSBPR) was increased from 226.0 to 390.2°C and the chars at 800 and 1000°C was increased from 71.1 and 66.7% to 75.1 and 73.7%, respectively with 20% 3OH‐POSS addition. The prepared POSSBPR castings obtained linear ablation rate (LAR) and mass ablation rate (MAR) were as low as −0.122 mm/s and 0.0465 g/s. And the LAR and MAR of high silica fiber reinforced composites (HSC/POSSBPR) were 0.123 mm/s and 0.0602 g/s, respectively. Moreover, the mechanism of high‐temperature carbon microcrystalline and ceramic structure transformation, and ablation performance enhancement of POSSBPR were determined by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Results indicated that the introduction of 3OH‐POSS promotes the formation of ordered graphite structure of BPR and forms high‐temperature species, such as SiC ceramic, on the ablated surface, which subsequently improves the ablation resistance of the material.
Population structure of giant clams (subfamily: Tridacninae) across Palau: Implications for conservation
Authors: Rehm Lincoln , Marino Lincy L. , Jonathan Randa , Holt Amanda L. , McCourt Richard M. , Sweeney Alison M.
Published: December 2021

Giant clams (subfamily: Tridacninae) are an important food and economic resource for the Republic of Palau and the greater Indo‐Pacific region. However, giant clam diversity and distribution data for Palau are out of date.

This study reports the species diversity and distribution of giant clams across the Palauan archipelago (total survey area of 3,3002 m) from data collected between 2015–2017.

This is the first documented finding of Tridacna noae in Palau, however, it was rare. Only four individuals were found at only two locations.

Results show that Palau is home to a diverse and abundant population of giant clams. Tridacna crocea (an important food and economic resource) exhibited the highest abundance, with an average of 20.0 ± 2.9 individuals per 50 m2. Tridacna maxima and Tridacna squamosa were ranked next in abundance. In contrast, T. noae, Tridacna derasa, Tridacna gigas, and Hippopus hippopus were found in low numbers or only found in few locations.

The density of all recruits, juveniles, and adult T. crocea and T. maxima did not differ significantly between conservation areas and open fishing sites, which suggests the possibility that ecological factors such as habitat loss, acute weather events, or changes in sea surface temperatures could be impacting replenishment or recruitment. However, one protected area was found to have a higher abundance of T. crocea recruits and adults, which suggests that protection from fishing may have increased recruitment rates and lowered mortality rates at this site.

Taken as a whole, clam populations in Palau remain reasonably abundant and healthy. As demand for giant clams continues to rise in Palau and the region, local regulations should focus on sustainable fishing practices by establishing size limits, species bans, and long‐term monitoring plans to maintain the diverse populations of giant clams found there.
Skalierbare Technologie zur Erstellung von 3‐D Digital Twins für Bestandsbrücken
Authors: May Ilka , Rösner Christine
Published: December 2021

Unter einem 3‐D digitalen Zwilling wird gemeinhin ein virtuelles Abbild eines physischen Elements verstanden. Solche virtuellen Abbilder können in verschiedenen Erscheinungsformen mit sehr unterschiedlichen Charakteristiken und Einsatzbereichen – und zu stark unterschiedlichen Preisen – auftreten. Hohe Kosten bei der Erstellung von 3‐D‐Modellen von Bestandsbrücken sowie fehlende Integration behindern jedoch die großflächige Adoption einer vielversprechenden Technologie für das Monitoring und Management von Bestandsbrücken und anderen Bauwerken und technischen Anlagen. Der Bericht erläutert, wie durch eine Weiterentwicklung von Spieletechnologie und dem Einsatz von KI die Kosten und Hürden für die Erstellung von digitalen Zwillingen signifikant reduziert und damit eine skalierbare Lösung für viele Anwendungsbereiche geschaffen wird. Damit die 3‐D Digital Twins den gewünschten Mehrwert entfalten, ist neben einer einfachen Handhabung insbesondere die Integration der jeweiligen Systeme von entscheidender Bedeutung. Dabei sind Aspekte wie Cloud‐, IoT‐ und ERP‐Anbindung, Fragen der Konnektivität sowie Security & Privacy zentrale Elemente einer gelungenen Integration von 3‐D digitalen Zwillingen in ein bestehendes Daten‐ und IT‐Ökosystem.
Anatomy of the physical examination: A small group learning approach for increasing engagement and learning in a medical gross anatomy course
Authors: McNamara John Patrick , Nolan Michael F.
Published: December 2021

The ability to perform and interpret the physical examination requires an understanding of human anatomy and how to apply that content in the clinical setting. Previous work has shown that students understand and retain information more effectively when they are actively engaged in the learning process and it is clearly linked to other coursework and their future needs. We developed a series of learning activities, based on the general physical examination, designed to enhance engagement and encourage durable learning of anatomical principles that are important in performing and interpreting the physical examination. Activities were designed for use in small group settings with faculty supervision and input as needed. We describe these activities and provide comments from students regarding the perceived value of these learning activities. Students reported that the applied anatomy learning activities were engaging and aided in their learning of human anatomy. Additionally, students appreciated the connection between the applied anatomy activities and the skills being learned in concurrent coursework focusing on the physical examination. We observed that applied human anatomy exercises modeled after components of the general physical examination and embedded in an anatomy course enhanced student engagement and helped students appreciate the importance of anatomical principles. We note that sensitivity to and acceptance of personal preferences and religious matters must be shown when using learning activities that involve close physical interactions to teach anatomical topics.
The deep student: A thematic analysis of counsellor educators' perceptions and experiences
Authors: Tangen Jodi L. , Fickling Melissa J. , Cashwell Craig S.
Published: December 2021

What does it mean when we say a person is “deep” or has a lot of “depth?” We asked counsellor educators to describe the concept of personal depth, how it manifests in counsellors' work, and whether or not it could be trained. Twenty counsellor educators responded, and we analysed their responses using thematic analysis. We unearthed seven major themes of the construct: nondual consciousness, emotions, cognitions, interpersonal attributes, self‐awareness, attitude and life experiences. Participants also provided suggestions for training students to cultivate personal depth. Finally, we introduce a depth wheel to conceptualise our results and provide implications for counselling and training.
Antioxidant capacities of heat‐treated wheat germ and extruded compounded bran
Authors: Wu Fan , Tian Fulin , Jin Zhou , Liu Jing , Jin Weiping , Chen Xuan , Wang Zhan , Jia Xiwu , Liu Benguo , Liu Lingyi , Shen Wangyang
Published: December 2021

Background and objectives

Pure wheat bran and wheat germ are the by‐products of sieved flour. Pure wheat bran contains a substantial amount of dietary fiber, vitamins B and D, and other nutrients; lipases in the wheat germ induce lipid oxidation and break down vitamins. The present study used heat treatment to stabilize the wheat germ and then compounded it with the extruded pure wheat bran and compared it with the extruded bran. The antioxidant capacity and soluble polyphenols of the compounded wheat bran and extruded wheat bran were subsequently measured, to select a method to improve the antioxidant capacity of wheat bran.

Findings

The optimized heating temperature of wheat germ was 110°C. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentration value of the total antioxidant capacity showed that the compounded wheat bran had a higher antioxidant capacity than the extruded wheat bran. It was hypothesized that the operations of extrusion and heat treatment increased the antioxidant capacity of compounded wheat bran. In addition, after the extrusion treatment, a variety of flavonoid glycosides in the wheat bran was released while the content of various phenolic acid types was decreased. However, the content of the phenolic acid types and flavonoids in the compounded wheat bran was increased. Hence, compounded wheat bran is more suitable for producing functional foods.

Conclusion

The results of this study revealed that extruded pure wheat bran and heat‐treated wheat germ can effectively increase the antioxidant capacity and the content of the phenolic acid types and flavonoids; hence, it is more suitable for producing functional foods.

Significance and novelty

This study developed a fast and inexpensive detection method that uses a combination of heat and extrude to process compounded wheat bran, which provides the optimal process method for extending the yield and shelf life of wheat bran products.
Preterm infant with diprosopus and holoprosencephaly
Authors: Nair Nitya M. , Swarr Daniel T. , Barnes‐Davis Maria E.
Published: December 2021

Diprosopus is an extremely rare congenital anomaly involving craniofacial duplication. The etiology and pathophysiology remain unknown, and no genetic mutations have been definitively associated with the condition. This case describes an infant born at 27‐weeks completed gestation with multiple congenital anomalies including diprosopus and discusses the implications of prenatal diagnosis.
Photo racemization of 2,2′‐dihydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl derivatives
Authors: Wang Qingyu , Pietropaolo Adriana , Fortino Mariagrazia , Song Zhiyi , Bando Masayoshi , Naga Naofumi , Nakano Tamaki
Published: December 2021

Photo racemization of 2,2′‐dihydroxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (BINOL) and its monomethyl ether, monobutyl ether, and dimethyl ether was studied by means of circularly dichroism spectra, chiral HPLC, and theoretical calculations of rotation energy barriers. Racemization was fastest for BINOL and about one seventh as fast for the monomethyl and monobutyl ethers while it was too slow to be detected for the dimethyl ether under the present conditions.
Concentration and pH effect on the electronic circular dichroism and anisotropy spectra of aqueous solutions of glyceric acid calcium salt
Authors: Bocková Jana , Jones Nykola C. , Leyva Vanessa , Gaysinski Marc , Hoffmann Søren V. , Meinert Cornelia
Published: December 2021

Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and anisotropy spectra carry information on differential absorption of left‐ and right‐circularly polarized light (LCPL and RCPL) by optically active compounds. This makes them powerful tools for the rapid determination of enantiomeric excesses (ee) in asymmetric synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry, as well as for predicting the ee inducible by ultraviolet (UV) CPL. The ECD response of a chiral molecule is, however, critically dependent on the properties of the surrounding medium. Here, we report on the first ECD/anisotropy spectra of aqueous solutions of the calcium salt dihydrate of glyceric acid. A systematic study of the effect of the salt concentration and pH on the chiroptical response revealed significant changes and the appearance of a new ECD band of opposite sign. Based on the literature, this can be rationalized by the increase in the relative proportion of free glyceric acid/glycerate to Ca2+ complexes with glycerate with decreasing salt concentration or pH. Glyceric acid can be readily produced under astrophysical conditions. The anisotropy spectra of the solution containing prevalently the free form of this dihydroxy carboxylic acid resemble the ones of previously investigated aliphatic chain hydroxycarboxylic acids and proteinogenic amino acids. This indicates possible common handedness of stellar CPL‐induced asymmetry in the potential comonomers of primitive proto‐peptides.
Condensation‐Assisted Separation of Alkanes by Silica Membranes with Wide Pore Size Distribution
Authors: Vo Phuong Nguyen Xuan , Thu Ngo Hong Anh , Stöhr Marion , Jorabchi Majid Namayandeh , Wohlrab Sebastian
Published: December 2021

Purification of gases by membranes can provide enormous energy savings. Inorganic membranes offer good stability and regenerability, but large margin manufacturing is limited. Silica membranes are an exception since they can be produced by coating with molecular precursors. However, such membranes do not have a defined pore structure, which limits their applicability in mass separation. Nevertheless, it is possible to fill the pores of silica membranes with condensate of a component to be separated from gas mixtures. In this work, this applicability of a micro‐mesoporous silica membrane was demonstrated exemplarily by the separation of n‐butane (C4) from mixtures containing methane (C1). The main result, which was supported by grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations, is that capillary condensation contributes significantly to the performance. The experimental results showed that the n‐butane separation efficiency (permeate flux and separation selectivity) through the silica membrane under the condensation conditions is excellent and thus can serve as a model for similar separation tasks.
A new exponential estimators for analysis of COVID‐19 risk
Authors: Zaman Tolga , Sagir Murat , Şahin Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is the most crucial issue of all countries worldwide as it poses a threat and risk to people in many aspects such as health and economy. Since each country's development level, economy, and infrastructure differ, countries' struggle against COVID‐19 varies. Therefore, understanding the COVID‐19 risk levels of countries can be crucial in determining possible strategies to take specific measures for those at the highest risk. Also, determining the risk level of countries can be more critical than estimates, such as the number of cases and deaths, as the level of risk alone can be an informative indicator for all such issues. Unlike most studies, this study concentrates on evaluating and estimating the COVID‐19 risk level of countries. This study proposes two families of multivariate exponential estimators using two auxiliary attributes. Theoretically, the mean square error (MSE) equations of all proposed exponential estimators are obtained and compared with existing estimators. Some exceptional cases of the multivariate exponential estimators are regarded and compared with MSE values of proposed multivariate exponential estimators. As a result, the multivariate exponential estimators provide more efficient results than all other estimators. These theoretical findings are supported by a numerical illustration using real dataset.
Serotonin‐Affecting Antidepressant Use in Relation to Platelet Reactivity
Authors: Grech Joseph , Chan Melissa Victoria , Ochin Chinedu , Lachapelle Amber , Thibord Florian , Schneider Zoe , Nkambule Bongani Brian , Armstrong Paul Charles John , de Melendez Catherine Wallace , Tucker Katherine L. , Garelnabi Mahdi , Warner Timothy David , Chen Ming‐Huei , Johnson Andrew Danner
Published: December 2021

Depression is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular disease morbidity. Serotonin is a key neurotransmitter in depressive pathology, contained within platelets, and is a weak activator of platelets. Our study assessed the link between platelet reactivity traits, depression, and antidepressant (AD) use in a large population sample. Our study was conducted in the Framingham Heart Study (n = 3,140), and AD use (n = 563) and aspirin use (n = 681) were noted. Depression was measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies‐Depression (CES‐D) survey. Platelet reactivity traits were measured across multiple agonists using five distinct assays. We utilized a linear mixed effects model to test associations between platelet traits and depression, adjusting for age, sex, aspirin use, and AD use. Similarly, we analyzed trait associations with any AD use, serotonin‐affecting ADs, and norepinephrine‐affecting ADs, respectively. There were strong associations with reduced platelet function and AD use, particularly with serotonin‐affecting medications. This included lower Optimul epinephrine maximal aggregation (P = 4.87E‐13), higher U46619 half maximal effective concentration (P = 9.09E‐11), lower light transmission aggregometry (LTA) adenosine diphosphate (ADP) final aggregation (P = 1.03E‐05), and higher LTA ADP disaggregation (P = 2.28E‐05). We found similar associations with serotonin‐affecting ADs in an aspirin‐taking subset of our sample. There were no significant associations between platelet traits and depression. In the largest study yet of AD use and platelet function we show that antidepressants, particularly serotonin‐affecting ADs, inhibit platelets. We did not find evidence that depressive symptomatology in the absence of medication is associated with altered platelet function. Our results are consistent with AD use leading to platelet serotonin depletions, decreased stability of platelet aggregates, and overall decreased aggregation to multiple agonists, which may be a mechanism by which ADs increase risk of bleeding and decrease risk of thrombosis.
Guinea Pig Model of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Creissen Elizabeth , Izzo Linda , Dawson Clinton , Izzo Angelo A.
Published: December 2021

Guinea pigs have been used as a model for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection for many years and have been more recently adopted as a model for testing new tuberculosis (TB) vaccines. From the time of Robert Koch, who used guinea pigs to test theories about the newly discovered pathogen, the guinea pig has modeled active human infections, as it is susceptible to infection with low numbers of organisms. This article describes the modern use of the guinea pig to examine the pathology of the disease and the protocols used to examine specific outcomes associated with aerosol infection with virulent M. tuberculosis. The guinea pig is used extensively to investigate the ability of new TB vaccines to reduce TB disease, and two models have been employed. The first is the long‐term disease model, in which vaccinated guinea pigs are monitored for disease after infection, and the second is the short‐term assessment of mycobacterial burden model, which can determine the ability of a vaccine to reduce organism burden. © 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

This article was corrected on 26 July 2022. See the end of the full text for details.

Basic Protocol 1: Preparation of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis seed stocks for animal infections

Basic Protocol 2: Preparation of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis working stocks for animal infections

Basic Protocol 3: Preparation of M. tuberculosis for aerosol infection of guinea pigs

Basic Protocol 4: Injection of guinea pigs

Basic Protocol 5: Blood collection from live guinea pigs

Basic Protocol 6: Guinea pig euthanasia
A Thin In2S3 Interfacial Layer for Reducing Defects and Roughness of Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 Thin‐Film Solar Cells
Authors: Eun Song Jeong , Kyung Hwang Sun , Hyun Park Jae , Young Kim Jin
Published: December 2021

Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) has generated considerable research interest owing to its composition of abundant elements and excellent light‐absorption properties. However, CZTSSe thin‐film solar cells suffer from a considerable deficit in the open‐circuit voltage (VOC), which is mainly due to the severe interfacial recombination induced by the rough surface of CZTSSe and numerous physical defects. In this study, to improve the morphology and reduce the interfacial recombination, an In2S3 passivation layer was introduced between the CZTSSe and CdS layers via a chemical bath deposition process, and the effects of the In2S3 layer on the device performance were systematically examined by performing various electrodynamic analyses. The CZTSSe solar cells with thin In2S3 layers exhibited impressive increases in VOC and conversion efficiency (from 7.33 to 9.24 %), due to the suppression of physical defects and the refined surface morphology resulting from filling the voids and pinholes. In addition, the nanoscale roughness of the In2S3/CZTSSe surface increased the number of nucleation sites for the CdS nuclei, which may reduce the activation energy of the heterogeneous nucleation. The presence of In2S3 layer resulted in uniform growth of CdS without macroscopic CdS agglomerates (i. e., reduced roughness of full devices), which improved the quality of the interface. These findings confirmed that the reduction of physical defects and the improved deposition of the CdS layer enabled by the added In2S3 passivation layer improved the device performance.