bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Etnografiando travestis: preguntas, tensiones y aprendizajes sobre el "estar ahí"
Authors: Cutuli María Soledad
Published: April 2013

Este artículo interroga la construcción de vínculos etnográficos en dos obras pioneras sobre travestis, con una intención retrospectiva sobre la propia investigación en una agrupación de travestis de Buenos Aires. Se reflexiona sobre la implicancia de los/as antropólogos/as "en campo" -en tanto seres sexuados/as y generizados/as- preguntándose además sobre las formas en que son interpeladas/os durante su labor junto a integrantes de organizaciones sociales -en la que el activismo resulta ser la extensión lógica del compromiso a la reciprocidad que subyace en la práctica antropológica.
A review of analytical methods for the determination of four new phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors in biological samples and pharmaceutical preparations
Authors: Codevilla Cristiane Franco , Castilhos Tamara dos Santos , Bergold Ana Maria
Published: April 2013

The introduction of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy in 1998 revolutionized the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is the most common sexual problem in men. It often has a profound effect on intimate relationships and quality of life. The analysis of pharmaceuticals is an important part of the drug development process as well as for routine analysis and quality control of commercial formulations. Whereas the determination of sildenafil citrate, vardenafil and tadalafil are well documented by a variety of methods, there are few publications about the determination of udenafil, lodenafil carbonate, mirodenafil and avanafil. The paper presents a brief review of the action mechanism, adverse effects, pharmacokinetics and the most recent analytical methods that can determine drug concentration in biological matrices and pharmaceutical formulations of these four drugs.
Osteomyelitis: an overview of antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Gomes Diana , Pereira Margarida , Bettencourt Ana Francisca
Published: April 2013

Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory bone disorder caused by infection, leading to necrosis and destruction of bone. It can affect all ages, involve any bone, become a chronic disease and cause persistent morbidity. Treatment of osteomyelitis is challenging particularly when complex multiresistant bacterial biofilm has already been established. Bacteria in biofilm persist in a low metabolic phase, causing persistent infection due to increased resistance to antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis are the most common causative organism responsible for more than 50% of osteomyelitis cases. Osteomyelitis treatment implies the administration of high doses of antibiotics (AB) by means of endovenous and oral routes and should take a period of at least 6 weeks. Local drug delivery systems, using non-biodegradable (polymethylmethacrylate) or biodegradable and osteoactive materials such as calcium orthophosphates bone cements, have been shown to be promising alternatives for the treatment of osteomyelitis. These systems allow the local delivery of AB in situ with bactericidal concentrations for long periods of time and without the toxicity associated with other means of administration. This review examines the most recent literature evidence on the causes, pathogeneses and pharmacological treatment of osteomyelitis. The study methodology consisted of a literature review in Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed, Springer link, B-on. Papers from 1979 till present were reviewed and evaluated.
Scientific production in pharmaceutical care: comparison between Brazil, USA and Spain
Authors: Andrade Tadeu Uggere de , Barbosa Jaqueliny Louback da Cunha , Laignier Lívia Lopes Moura , Mata Elizangela Faustino da , Cassaro Karla Oliveira dos Santos , Lenz Dominik , Sampaio Karla Nivea , Boëchat Giovanna Assis Pereira , Endringer Denise Coutinho
Published: April 2013

The aim of this study was to estimate the evolution of the field of Pharmaceutical Care (PC) by measuring the quality and quantity of the scientific production on the topic of PC in Brazil compared to two pioneering countries in the field, the United States of America (USA) and Spain. The databases Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, Lilacs and SciELO were used as sources for the literature search. Pharmaceutical Care, or the appropriate translations, was used as the search term for the literature search, which was limited to articles published between 1990 and 2009. A score of quality (SQ) was calculated using variables such as impact factor and the frequency of the citations. We included 3265 articles published in 544 journals. We found that there was a steady increase in scientific production since 1990 and that the USA had a higher quality of scientific production than Spain, whereas the Spain produced the highest quantity of articles. In comparison, the Brazilian production of scientific publications on PC is low in terms of both quality and quantity but has increased steadily since 2002. Nevertheless, Brazil has not yet reached the level of the USA or Spain. In conclusion, Brazil's scientific production has evolved over the second decade studied in this work, with particularly high levels of production in the last five years. However, an increase in the quantity and quality of the publications should be encouraged.
Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of methanolic extract from red seaweed Dichotomaria obtusata
Authors: García Delgado Neivys , Frías Vázquez Ana Iris , Cabrera Sánchez Hiran , Soto del Valle Roberto Menéndez , Sierra Gómez Yusvel , Suárez Alfonso Ana María
Published: April 2013

The aim of the present work was to investigate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of methanolic extract from D. obtusata using classic models in mice (croton oil-induced ear edema and acetic acid-induced writhing) and a phospholipase A2 activity test. Qualitative analysis of the chemical composition of seaweed was also determined by extraction with solvents of increasing polarity and precipitation and color tests. Results of qualitative chemical study showed the presence of lactonic and phenolic compounds, reduced carbohydrates, other sugars, flavonoids, fatty compounds, triterpenes and steroids. The extract inhibited mouse ear edema in a dose-dependent manner with an efficacy higher than 90% and a mean effective dose of 4.87µg/ear, while intraperitoneal administration presented a moderate activity. The extract did not inhibit phospholipase A2 activity. In the writhing test, the intraperitoneal administration of the extract showed a strong antinociceptive activity (80.2%), while the oral route showed a lower efficacy. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of methanol extract of D. obtusata in experimental models, suggesting its therapeutic potential in the treatment of peripheral painful and/or inflammatory pathologies.
Development and validation of an HPLC method for the determination of fluorouracil in polymeric nanoparticles
Authors: Mattos Ana Cristina de , Khalil Najeh Maissar , Mainardes Rubiana Mara
Published: April 2013

The objective of this work was to develop and validate a rapid high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method for the quantitative analysis of fluorouracil (5-FU) in polymeric nanoparticles. Chromatographic analyses were performed on an RP C18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (10:90, v/v) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The 5-FU was detected and quantitated using a photodiode array detector at a wavelength of 265 nm. The method was shown to be specific and linear in the range of 0.1-10 µg/mL (r = 0.9997). The precision (intra- and inter-day) was demonstrated because the maximum relative standard deviation was 3.51%. The method is robust relative to changes in flow rate, column and temperature. The limits of detection and quantitation were 10.86 and 32.78 ng/mL, respectively. The method fulfilled the requirements for reliability and feasibility for application to the quantitative analysis of 5-FU in polymeric nanoparticles.
QuEChERS-HPLC-DAD method for sulphonamides in chicken breast
Authors: Machado Simone Caetani , Landin-Silva Mariane , Maia Patrícia Penido , Rath Susanne , Martins Isarita
Published: April 2013

The development of a QuEChERS-HPLC-DAD method using a Lichrospher 60 RP-Select B column (250 x 4.6 mm x 5 µm) at 40ºC, mobile phase constituted by phosphate buffer:acetonitrile (75:25, v/v) at a initial flow rate of 0.5 mL min-1, increased by 1.2 mL min-1 and at 265 nm is presented for simultaneous determination of sulphadiazine, sulphametoxipiridazine and sulphamethoxazole in chicken breast samples. QuEchERS is inexpensive, fast and easy, and the extraction of the analytes of the matrix was successfully employed. In addition, the method presented linearity, in the range of 25, 50, 100, 150, 175, and 200 µg kg-1, precision, selectivity and sensitivity. The intraday precision (RSD %) for QuEChERS method was between 3.6-10.8 (SDZ), 6.9-14.1 (SPZ) and 1.9-10.9 (SMX) and interday precision (RSD%) was between 1.5-9.7, 1.7-4.1 and 2.1-10.2, respectively. Results of accuracy (bias) were in the range of -8.6 to +11.9 %. Therefore, the validated method is clearly useful for the practical residue monitoring of the drugs evaluated in chicken samples, as all the values were within the acceptable criteria used for food safety. Of 6 samples analyzed, none of them showed contamination of the sulphonamides studied at detectable levels.
A validated stability indicating HPLC method for the determination of process-related impurities in pantoprazole bulk drug and formulations
Authors: Pandey Saurabh , Pandey Preeti , Mishra Durgesh , Singh Umesh Kumar
Published: April 2013

A stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed with short run time and validated for the assay of process related impurities of pantoprazole in bulk form. Resolution of drug, its potential impurities and degradation products were achieved on a Hypersil ODS column utilizing a gradient with 0.01 M phosphate buffer of pH 7 and acetonitrile as eluent, at the detection wavelength of 290 nm. Flow rate was set at 1 mL min-1. The procedure was found to be specific, linear (r=0.999), recovery (97.9-103%), LOD (0.043-0.047 µgmL-1), LOQ (0.13-0.14 µgmL-1) and robust. Acceptable robustness indicates that the assay method remains unaffected by small but deliberate variations. Pantoprazole was found to degrade in acidic, oxidative and under photolytic stress conditions. The drug was stable to alkaline and dry heat conditions. This method has been successively applied to pharmaceutical formulation and no interference from the excipients was found.
Morfoanatomia de la cubierta seminal en siete especies de Passiflora L., subgénero Passiflora (Passifloraceae)
Authors: Peréz-Cortéz Silvia , Escala Marcia , Tillett Stephen
Published: April 2013

Se caracterizó morfológica y anatómicamente la cubierta seminal de siete especies del género Passiflora L., con la finalidad de determinar la utilidad taxonómica de los atributos de la semilla en este género. Se encontraron tres tipos morfológicos en la superficie de la cubierta seminal y siete patrones anatómicos diferentes para cada especie. Se concluye que los atributos de la cubierta seminal permiten distinguir especies.
Palinologia de sedimentos da turfeira do Banhado Amarelo, São Francisco de Paula, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: fungos e criptógamas
Authors: Spalding Bianca Batista da Costa , Lorscheitter Maria Luisa
Published: April 2013

A análise da vegetação baseada em palinologia de sedimentos exige adequada taxonomia dos palinomorfos. O trabalho visa assim fornecer subsídios taxonômicos para esta análise em sedimentos quaternários do Planalto sul-brasileiro, através do estudo de palinomorfos de fungos e criptógamas preservados num perfil sedimentar da turfeira do Banhado Amarelo (29º19'S e 50º08'W), São Francisco de Paula, RS. Usou-se o Amostrador de Hiller na coleta do perfil (390 cm). Dele extraíram-se 30 amostras, tratadas com HCl, HF, KOH e acetolisadas, com análise em microscopia óptica. Uma datação por 14C na base da seqüência (26.080 ± 320 anos AP, Beta 245611) estabeleceu o intervalo de tempo envolvido. Foram encontrados nove fungos, cinco algas, três briófitos e 13 pteridófitos. Incluem-se descrições, ilustrações e, sempre que possível, dados ecológicos do organismo de origem. A riqueza de táxons mostra a potencialidade também desses palinomorfos em oferecer subsídios ao conhecimento da história da vegetação dos últimos milênios do Planalto sul-brasileiro.
Levantamento florístico e síndromes de dispersão em remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Mista na região centro-sul do estado do Paraná
Authors: Liebsch Dieter , Mikich Sandra Bos , Possette Rafael Fernando da Silva , Ribas Osmar dos Santos
Published: April 2013

O presente estudo apresenta a listagem das espécies vegetais de três áreas de Floresta com Araucária e as suas respectivas síndromes de dispersão. Foram percorridos mensalmente (agosto/2003 a dezembro/2005) cinco transectos com 5 km cada, ao longo dos quais foi coletado material fértil, resultando na identificação de 210 espécies: 83 árvores, 58 arbustos, 36 ervas, 23 trepadeiras, oito epífitas e duas parasitas. A maioria (68,6%) das espécies possui dispersão zoocórica, seguidas pelas espécies anemocóricas (21,9%) e autocóricas (6,7%). Comparações florísticas com áreas recobertas pela mesma formação florestal sugerem que os remanescentes estudados apresentam baixa riqueza específica, tanto quando a comparação é realizada considerando todas as formas de vida como quando apenas as espécies arbóreas são consideradas. Os resultados são discutidos à luz do histórico de exploração da região de estudo e da abundância de taquaras no sub-bosque.
Marasmius do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga, São Paulo, SP, Brasil: seções Globulares, Hygrometrici, Marasmius e Neosessiles
Authors: Puccinelli Carla , Capelari Marina
Published: April 2013

São reportadas oito espécies de Marasmius pertencentes às seções Globulares, Hygrometrici, Marasmius e Neosessiles que ocorrem no Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (PEFI). Para cada táxon são apresentados descrição, ilustração e comentários, além de chave de identificação. Marasmius puttemansii e M. vigintifolius são citados pela primeira vez para o PEFI; M. graminum e M. variabiliceps são citados pela primeira vez para o estado de São Paulo e M. griseoroseus e M. thwaitesii são citados pela primeira vez para o Brasil.
Leaf midrib outline as a diagnostic character for taxonomy in Anthurium section Urospadix subsection Flavescentiviridia (Araceae)
Authors: Mantovani André , Pereira Thaís Estefani , Coelho Marcus A. Nadruz
Published: April 2013

The external morphology of the midrib of the leaf lamina is used as a diagnostic character for the taxonomy of species of Anthurium subsection Flavescentiviridia (section Urospadix) (Araceae). Our aims in this study are: characterize using morphological analysis the variation of the outline of the midrib along the leaf lamina using 22 of the 35 species of the subsection; evaluate the potential of this variation as a diagnostic tool for taxonomy. For each species, the leaf lamina was divided into three pieces of identical length. The median point of each region was transversely sectioned and its outline drawn with the aid of a camera lucida and microscope. Five distinct types of outlines were classified using current terminology. Considering the difficulty of diagnosing many of the species, this character could be useful for the taxonomy of this subsection.
O gênero Lejeunea Libert (Lejeuneaceae) no Estado da Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Bastos Cid José Passos , Yano Olga
Published: April 2013

São apresentadas 21 espécies pertencentes ao gênero Lejeunea Libert ocorrentes no Estado da Bahia. Chave para identificação das espécies, bem como comentários e dados referentes ao habitat e substratos colonizados são apresentados para cada espécie. Ilustrações são fornecidas para algumas espécies. Lejeunea laetevirens Nees & Mont. e Lejeunea flava (Sw.) Nees foram as espécies com maior número de ocorrência e com maior amplitude ecológica, ocorrendo em diferentes tipos de ambiente e substratos.
Arquitetura foliar de Odontonema strictum (Nees) O. Kuntze (Acanthaceae) em duas condições de luminosidade
Authors: Larcher Letícia , Boeger Maria Regina Torres
Published: April 2013

Os atributos morfológicos que influenciam a arquitetura foliar de Odontenema strictum foram investigados em duas condições de luminosidade. Ramos de 15 indivíduos de sol e sombra foram coletados no Centro Politécnico da Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR. O ângulo, área, massa seca, espessura e densidade das folhas, comprimento, diâmetro, massa seca e volume do pecíolo foram mensurados. Os comprimentos do interno e do pecíolo foram significantemente maiores em folhas de sombra, enquanto que as demais variáveis foram maiores nas folhas de sol. As variações morfológicas de O. strictum não corresponderam àquelas encontradas em outros estudos, sob as mesmas condições. Os ajustes morfológicos e a ação combinada dos mesmos parecem ser determinantes na definição do melhor padrão de arquitetura da folha numa dada condição de luz, permitindo assim que a espécie amplie a exploração em nichos mais ricos em recursos, principalmente nos ambientes mais heterogêneos quanto à condição de luz.
Anatomia foliar com implicações taxonômicas em espécies de ipês
Authors: Silva Andréa Monte Luchiari da , Costa Marina Fernanda Bortolin , Leite Viviane Gonçalves , Rezende Andréia Alves , Teixeira Simone de Pádua
Published: April 2013

Tendo em vista a dificuldade de identificação dos ipês brasileiros em estado vegetativo, este trabalho objetivou levantar caracteres que possibilitassem reconhecê-los pela anatomia foliar (lâmina foliar e pecíolo). Folhas de seis espécies de Handroanthus (ipês amarelos: H. chrysotrichus, H. ochraceus e H. serratifolius; ipê branco: H. roseo-albus; ipês roxos: H. heptaphyllus e H. impetiginosus) e de uma espécie de Tabebuia (ipês amarelo: T. aurea) foram preparadas para observação em microscopias de luz (exame histológico) e eletrônica de varredura (exame de superfície). Caracteres provenientes da anatomia foliar possibilitaram a diagnose dos ipês, sendo mais relevantes na lâmina foliar, o número de camadas da epiderme, a posição dos estômatos em relação às demais células epidérmicas, a presença de domácias, a presença de espessamento de parede das células parenquimáticas na margem, o tipo de mesofilo e a presença de parênquima paravenal; no pecíolo, destacaram-se seu formato, a forma das células epidérmicas e a presença de fibras na região interna do floema.
O gênero Micrasterias Agardh ex Ralfs (Desmidiaceae, Zygnemaphyceae) em um lago artificial urbano, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Moresco Carina , Biolo Stefania , Bueno Norma Catarina
Published: April 2013

Este trabalho visou identificar as espécies do gênero Micrasterias no Lago Municipal de Cascavel e contribuir para a compreensão da sua taxonomia e distribuição geográfica no Estado do Paraná. O levantamento taxonômico foi baseado em amostras coletadas mensalmente de janeiro de 2002 a outubro de 2003. As amostras foram obtidas através de rede de plâncton (25 µm de malha) e imediatamente fixadas em solução de Transeau. A análise qualitativa e as ilustrações procederam-se sob microscópio óptico acoplado à câmara clara. Foram registrados nove táxons: Micrasterias borgei Krieger var. borgei, Micrasterias denticulata Brébisson ex Ralfs var. denticulata, Micrasterias jenneri Ralfs var. jenneri, Micrasterias laticeps Nordstedt var. laticeps, Micrasterias laticeps Nordstedt var. acuminata Krieger, Micrasterias quadridentata (Nordstedt) Grõnblad, Micrasterias rotata (Greville) Ralfs var. rotata, Micrasterias thomasiana Archer var. notata (Nordstedt) Grõnblad e Micrasterias truncata (Corda) Brébisson ex Ralfs var. truncata. Micrasterias jenneri var. jenneri e Micrasterias quadridentata são primeiras citações no Paraná.
Briófitas dos estados do Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Piauí e Rio Grande do Norte (Brasil)
Authors: Yano Olga , Bordin Juçara , Peralta Denilson Fernandes
Published: April 2013

Durante o estudo das briófitas depositadas no herbário SP foram identificadas 143 táxons para os estados do Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Piauí e Rio Grande do Norte. Destes, 80 são novas citações, para pelo menos um dos estados (46 de musgos, 33 de hepáticas e 1 de antócero). Foram encontrados uma espécie de Anthocerotophyta em um gênero e uma família; 81 de Bryophyta em 43 gêneros e 24 famílias, e 61 de Marchantiophyta, em 33 gêneros e 13 famílias. Weisiopsis bahiensis (Müll. Hal.) Broth. é ilustrada.
Closterium Nitzsch ex Ralfs (Desmidiaceae) em um lago artificial urbano, Paraná, Brasil
Authors: Bortolini Jascieli Carla , Moresco Carina , Siqueira Natália Silveira , Biolo Stefania , Bueno Norma Catarina
Published: April 2013

Foi realizado um inventário das espécies do gênero Closterium do lago Municipal de Cascavel, Paraná, Brasil. As coletas foram realizadas entre janeiro de 2002 a novembro de 2003, na região litorânea do lago. Dezessete táxons pertencentes ao gênero Closterium foram identificados, sendo 13 variedades típicas e quatro não típicas de suas espécies. Aespécie mais representativa no estudo foi C. cynthia De Notaris var. cynthia, registrado em 25% das amostras, seguido de C. moniliferum (Bory) Ehrenberg ex Ralfs var. moniliferum registrado em 17% das amostras. Espécies como C. ehrenbergii Meneghini ex Ralfs var. ehrenbergii, C. leibleinii Kützing ex Ralfs var. leibleinii e C. lunula (Müller) Nitzsch ex Ralfs var. biconvexum Schmidle foram menos freqüentes durante a análise das amostras representando 3% do registro total dos táxons.
Musgos pleurocárpicos do Parque Estadual das Sete Passagens, Miguel Calmon, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Ballejos Jana , Bastos Cid José Passos
Published: April 2013

Os musgos pleurocárpicos são representados no Parque Estadual das Sete Passagens por 31 espécies distribuídas em 22 gêneros e 12 famílias. Destas, sete representam novas citações para o estado da Bahia, sendo duas novas para a região Nordeste (Daltonia gracilis Mitt. e Sematophyllum swartzii (Schwägr.) W.H. Welch & H.A. Crum). São apresentadas ilustrações das novas referências para o estado da Bahia. Para todas as espécies são apresentadas caracterização morfológica, comentários, grupos briocenológicos, ambiente e distribuição geográfica no Brasil e no mundo.
Flores ornitófilas odoríferas: duas espécies de Palicourea (Rubiaceae)na Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, ES, Brasil
Authors: Koschnitzke Cristiana , Rodarte Ana Tereza de Araújo , Gama Rita de Cássia Ribeiro , Tâmega Frederico Tapajós de Souza
Published: April 2013

Palicourea guianensis e P. marcgravii possuem inflorescências e flores de colorido vivo. Suas flores são tubulares e polinizadas por beija-flores, mas elas são visitadas também por borboletas. Estas flores apresentam odor suave e com o método do vermelho neutro o tubo da corola ficou corado. É possível que seja um caso de síndrome de polinização mista ou a emissão de odor seria uma característica ancestral dentro de uma linhagem filogenética.
Unusual branching in the palm Euterpe edulis Mart
Authors: Portela Rita de Cássia Quitete , Pires Alexandra dos Santos , Santos Flavio Antonio Maës dos
Published: April 2013

The unusual development of branches along the stem of Euterpe edulis is described for the first time. Branches originated at 2 to 190 cm from the ground. Ramified individuals and branches were able to produce reproductive structures and some branches produced roots. A plausible cause for the observed anomaly could be genetic problems due to small population sizes. The better agreement of this process can have a positive effect in the harvest of the heart of palm through the artificial induction of sprouts, what would prevent the death of the individual.
Redescoberta de espécies presumivelmente extintas de Poaceae da Flora de São Paulo, Brasil
Authors: Filgueiras Tarciso S. , Shirasuna Regina T.
Published: April 2013

Cinco espécies de Poaceae (Gymnopogon burchellii, Ichnanthus bambusiflorus, Leersia ligularis, Merostachys neesii e Paspalum falcatum), oficialmente consideradas "presumivelmente extintas" no Estado de São Paulo, foram redescobertas durante levantamentos florísticos realizados em diversas áreas da abrangência do "Rodoanel Mario Covas" e coletas realizadas na região da Serra da Bocaina. Sugere-se que os nomes destas espécies sejam retirados da lista de extintas e colocados em outra categoria compatível com o atual nível do conhecimento sobre o status conservacionista destas espécies no estado de São Paulo.
Penetration of dynamically installed anchors in clay
Authors: O'LOUGHLIN C.D. , RICHARDSON M.D. , RANDOLPH M.F. , GAUDIN C.
Published: April 2013

This paper utilises centrifuge data to explore the penetration response of dynamically installed anchors in normally consolidated clay. The data indicate that for anchors with no flukes, expected anchor tip embedment depths are two to three times the anchor length for impact velocities approaching 30 m/s, with a strong dependence on the net density of the anchor and smaller dependence on the impact velocity. Total energy, defined as the sum of the kinetic energy of the anchor at the mudline and the potential energy released as it penetrates the seabed, is shown to be a useful quantity for comparing the embedment depth of anchors with markedly different geometries and mass, impacting the soil at different velocities. The centrifuge data were used to calibrate an analytical embedment model, based on strain-rate-dependent shearing resistance and fluid mechanics drag resistance. The merit of the anchor embedment model has been demonstrated by predicting the final embedment depths for a series of offshore field trials to within 4% of the measurements.
Cross-cultural leadership for global construction projects
Authors: Murata Fortune Mwenje
Published: April 2013

This study is based on a construction project successfully undertaken by an Italian company in a multi-cultural environment in Swaziland. The main objective was to explore the impact of cultural diversity on construction project management by investigating possible correlations between cultural differences of employees and leadership behaviours exhibited by managers. A total of 66 employees from Swaziland, 23 from Mozambique, and seven managers from Italy participated in the study undertaken in 2008. The survey instruments used were Hofstede’s Values Survey Module to measure cultural differences, and Bass and Avolio’s multifactor leadership questionnaire to determine leadership styles exhibited by managers. The results show significant cultural differences among employees, and managers exhibited both transformational and transactional leadership behaviours. Correlation coefficients between employees’ cultural factors and managers’ leadership styles were calculated by linear regression, and the results show that there are both positive and negative relationships. This implies that managers used ‘flexible leadership styles’ to cope with the cross-cultural environment. Despite the cultural differences found, the project was delivered on time and within budget. The conclusion drawn from the study is that project managers can adopt ‘flexible leadership styles’ to leverage the sustainable competitive advantages embedded in cultural diversity.
Tests up to failure of a reinforced concrete Hennebique T-beam
Authors: Hellebois Armande , Espion Bernard
Published: April 2013

Reinforced concrete constructions of the first generation (pre-1914) form part of our heritage and therefore should be preserved for future generations. Few experimental studies have been conducted on Hennebique continuous structures to estimate the actual bearing capacity of this reinforced concrete system, which was the most popular in many European countries at the turn of the twentieth century. Important information is therefore often missing for accurate modelling of the behaviour of the structure, although structural assessment is crucial in the reuse of any construction. This paper presents results from three bending tests up to failure, carried out on beams from a narrow-gauge railway viaduct designed by Hennebique and built in Belgium in 1904. They provide better understanding of the mechanisms of failure and reveal the main strengths and weaknesses of the typical Hennebique T-beam. The overlapping length of the rebars at the supports is found to be the crucial aspect, even if a large capacity of ductility is observed. Failure occurred owing to slipping of the upper rebars above the support area. This means that attention should be given to detailing. Consequently, localised structural strengthening with additional reinforcements is probably required when seeking to enhance the lifetime of these old reinforced concrete structures.
Potential for using automatic vehicle location in the Cairo public transport system
Authors: Abd-allah Mona Hussein Mohamed
Published: April 2013

The purpose of this paper is to assess the need for application of automatic vehicle location to the Cairo Transport Authority bus fleet. Applying an automatic vehicle location system will improve public transport productivity, efficiency and safety. Five Cairo Transport Authority bus depots have been selected for the system implementation. The total cost of the system is estimated as 5 018 992. Economic benefits of the system are estimated as well as its social benefits. Three scenarios of Cairo Transport Authority revenue increase are analysed. Results indicate a payback for the system within 3–15 years. A proposed score system has been applied for setting priorities to bus routes for automatic vehicle location application based on bus operating indicators. Three stages have been identified with first, second and third priority based on the discriminant analysis classification method. The power of the discriminant classification method has been checked through Wilks' Lambda value which was found to be 0·21 (good discrimination), and approximate F value which was found to be 27·201 at p < 0·000 0. Regarding discriminatory variables, their contributions have been checked and found to be acceptable. Results indicate that the three stages contain 7, 63 and 50 bus routes, respectively. Some funding policies have been suggested.
Discharge coefficient of subsurface weirs
Authors: Kabiri-Samani Abdorreza , Shams Mohammad-Reza
Published: April 2013

Experimental and numerical studies were performed to examine the relationship between the hydraulic properties and physical dimensions of a subsurface weir system and the discharge over it under steady-state conditions. Experimental modelling was based on a laboratory-scale physical sand-tank model, within which a subsurface dam and weir structure was constructed. To evaluate the effect of the dominant parameters on the discharge coefficient, numerical modelling was also carried out. A number of physical and numerical models of subsurface dams and weirs were constructed and the effect of each parameter on the discharge coefficient was studied. The results indicate that the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer, the head above the weir and the effective width of the aquifer, in addition to the geometry of the subsurface weir, significantly affect discharge efficiency. It was also shown that the Reynolds and Weber numbers only have a small effect on the discharge coefficient. Based on the experimental results, a threshold value is suggested for the subsurface weir submergence. Finally, according to the results of both experimental and numerical models, an equation is derived to estimate the discharge coefficient of subsurface weirs.
Predator‐induced defenses in tadpoles confound body stoichiometry predictions of the general stress paradigm
Authors: Costello David M. , Michel Matt J.
Published: April 2013

Predation is known to have both direct and indirect effects on nutrient cycling in terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and the general stress paradigm (GSP) has been promoted as a theory for describing predator‐mediated indirect effects on nutrient cycling. The GSP predicts that prey exposed to predators will produce glucocorticosteroids, which have a host of physiological effects including gluconeogenesis, increased respiration, excretion of N and P, and increases in body C:N. We tested the nutrient predictions of the GSP using anuran larvae, which exhibit morphological defenses in addition to behavioral defenses for which the GSP was conceived. Genetically similarHyla versicolortadpoles were placed in mesocosms either in the presence or absence of a fed predator (Dytiscus verticalis), and after two weeks, tadpoles exposed to predators exhibited strong induced defenses with large, tubular bodies, larger tails, and reduced activity. Tadpole body %C and N:P increased with no change in C:N, which is contrary to expectations from the GSP. Statistical models suggested that changes in body morphology (e.g., tail muscle width) rather than behavioral defenses (i.e., reduced activity) were most likely responsible for predator‐mediated differences in body stoichiometry. This study suggests that strong morphological defenses may overwhelm or counteract the nutrient predictions of the GSP.
From Nora Helmer to Wendy Darling: If You Believe in Heroines, Clap Your Hands
Authors: Shout John
Published: April 2013

A middle-class girl coming of age in the nineteenth century might quite legitimately complain of a number of things, but she could hardly say that she lacked direction. She was provided with explicit instructions, in manuals, homilies and sermons as well as the entertainment media, which made very clear just what she was to do and what at all costs she had better avoid. However emphatic, though, the image projected of her had a schizoid quality: at one moment women would be collectively portrayed as embodiments of various virtues, on this earth largely to provide encouraging models for men; at the next they were the perilous daughters of Eve, disastrously vulnerable to all sorts of temptations, dangers to men and children as well as to themselves. This might lead to confusion — but then no–one had suggested that a woman's lot would be easy. An 1849 American tract asserted that "God increased the cares and sorrows of woman that she might be sooner constrained to accept the terms of salvation," while Godey's Lady's Book, in 1831, had proclaimed that "To suffer and to be silent under suffering seems the great command she has to obey."
L'Homme Fatal in Hedda Gabler
Authors: Nicholson Mervyn
Published: April 2013

An important convention of literature, and culture generally, is the figure of the Tricky Female, as it may be called: the attractive but deceptive woman who seduces males — often by looking vulnerable. And having gained power by her sexual beauty, she then kills or seriously damages the man, because she in some way feeds on males. In its most concentrated expressions, this figure is not human, properly speaking. In romance — in a form popularized by Mario Praz as the Femme Fatale — she may actually kill, eat, entrap, or magically metamorphose her victim. In works of realism, she may use the male to get things she needs, hurting — sometimes killing — him in the process (one thinks of Laura in Strindberg's The Father for example). The Tricky Female is one of the most popular conventions in patriarchal culture: in the person of the disobedient Eve she symbolizes everything that can go wrong. Examples of the Tricky Female range from Delilah in the Bible and Circe in Homer to the greedy murderess of The Maltese Falcon, whom Sam Spade (Bogart in the movie version) calls "angel" as he gleefully hands her over to the hangman; the movie Fatal Attraction is a textbook case. The Tricky Female seems to embody primal anxiety, a fear so paralyzing as scarcely to be contemplated by the male hierarchy.
"The Furtive Event": Theorizing Feminist Spectatorship
Authors: Koppen Randi
Published: April 2013

Among the paradoxes of theatre criticism would be its seeming inability despite its insistence on including the presence of the spectator in any true understanding of the theatre event—to theorize the conditions and nature of this presence: to come to grips with the dynamic encounter between stage and audience that is theatre. While proclamations are being made as to what a theory of reception will do—the questions it will have to answer—no coherent theory has so far been introduced. The problems involved pertain to the reader as well as the reading. Sociological research may produce precise quantitative data as to audience competence and response but contributes little towards an understanding of the cognitive and ideological processes of spectators hip. Similarly, a semiotics of communication based on a model of sender-addressee and positing the performance as a "message" to be decoded, severely limits our conception of theatrical exchange or, as Patrice Pavis would have it: "the psychic processes and the aesthetic and sociological conditions of this transmission."
The Dramatist's Dilemma
Authors: Innes Christopher
Published: April 2013

The stage has always shown a fascination with its own workings from the Shakespearian play-within-a-play — Hamlet's "Mousetrap" or Bottom's farcical "Pyramus and Thisbe." It continues through eighteenth-century satires like Buckingham's Rehearsal or the Victorian vogue for self-parodying displays of coarse acting in the multiple versions The Savage and the Maidell: or, Crummles alld the Infallt Phellomelloll — adapted from Dickens — to Henry Irving's 1880 production of The Corsican Bwtizers (where in one scene the audience were presented with an exact mirror image of the Lyceum auditorium, complete with spectators). Even the most naturalistic drama offers examples of the same overt theatricality, as in the amateur symbolist staging with which Chekhov opens The Seagull. However, during the twentieth century this trend has intensified, as in popular contemporary successes like Alan Ayckboum's Chorus of Disapproval or Michael Frayn's Noises Off. Here the setting itself is a theatre and the whole action revolves around a performance of a play.
Book Reviews
Authors: Maurer Wallace , Mitchell Breon , Mellamphy Ninian , Kater Michael , Schuler Catherine , Bradby David , Page Malcome , Page Malcome , Issacharoff Michael
Published: April 2013

A.M. Gibbs, ed.,Shaw: Interviews and Recollections, reviewed by A.E. Wallace Maurer

Gordon S. Armstrong, Samuel Beckett, W. B. Yeats, and Jack Yeats: Images and Words, reviewed by Breon Mitchell

George O'Brien, Brian Friel, reviewed by Ninian Mellamphy

Michael Etherton, Contemporary Irish Dramatists, reviewed by Ninian Mellamphy

Stephen Hinton, Kurt Weill: The Threepenny Opera, reviewed by Michael H. Kater

Douglas Jarman, Alban Berg: Lulu, reviewed by Michael H. Kater

Jean Benedetti, Sranislavski: A Biography, reviewed by Catherine Schuler

Maciej Karpinski, The Theatre of Andrzej Wajda, reviewed by David Bradby

Elizabeth Maclennan, The Moon Belongs to Evelyolle: Making Theatre with 7:84, reviewed by Malcome Page

John McGrath, The Bone Won't Break: On Theatre and Hope in Hard Times, reviewed by Malcome Page

Jean Alter, A Sociosemiotic Theory of Theatre, reviewed by Michael Issacharoff
Performance and Madness: Modes of Correction and the Theatrical Ruse
Authors: Flemming Chris
Published: April 2013

Christopher Durang's absurdist comedy Baby with the Bathwater dramatizes a number of episodes in which the audience is subjected to repeated displays of grossly dysfunctional parenting. In the first act of the play we witness proud new parents, Helen and John, attempting to make their new child act "normally" and be cheerful. In so doing, they resort to various methods of coaxing, coaching, and castigation.

The crux of Helen and John's dilemma is also the central focus of this paper and can be introduced by a number of related-questions: Does the child have a mental condition or is it just acting? Is this pathology or strategy? Is it mad or just playing with them? The aim of this essay is to trouble some of the presuppositions on which these questions are most likely predicated: it will seek to problematize the stability of the opposition between "madness" and "acting" on which such decisions are repeatedly founded.
Book Reviews
Authors: Krasner David , Williams Gary Jay , Bottoms Stephen , Brydon Diana , Graham-Jones Jean , Harvie Jen , Jackson Russell , Parker BRian , Shellard Dominic , Zhang Benzi
Published: April 2013

Don B. Wilmeth and Christopher Rigsby, eds., The Cambridge History of American Theatre, Vol. Ill: Post-World War II to the 1990s, reviewed by David Krasner

Stephen A. Black, Eugene O'Neill: Beyond Mourning and Tragedy, reviewed by Gary Jay Williams

James M. Harding, ed., Contours of the Theatrical Avant-Garde: Performance and Textuality., reviewed by Stephen J. Bottoms

Djanet Sears, ed., Testifyin': Contemporary African Canadian Drama: Volume I, reviewed by Diana Brydon

Amalia Gladhart, The Leper in Blue: Coercive Performance and the Contemporary Latin American Theater, reviewed by Jean Graham-Jones

Elain Aston and Janelle Reinelt, eds., The Cambridge Companion to Modern British Women Playwrights, reviewed by Jen Harvie

Patrick M. Horan, The Importance of Being Paradoxical: Maternal Presence in the Works of Oscar Wilde, reviewed by Russell Jackson

Joel Kaplan and Sheila Stowell, eds., Look Back in Pleasure: Noel Coward Revisited, reviewed by Brian Parker

Peter Wolfe, Understanding Alan Bennett, reviewed by Dominic Shellard

Claire Sponsler and Xiaomei Chen, eds., East of West: Cross-Cultural Performance and the Staging of Difference, reviewed by Benzi Zhang
Cirrhosis of Liver and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Debsarma Smita , Islam Md Ziaul
Published: April 2013

Diabetes mellitus is being recognized as a serious global health problem and frequently associated with cirrhosis of liver. The cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 83 diabetic cirrhotic patients admitted in Gastrointestinal Hepatobilliary and Pancreatic Disorders Department of Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic disorders and 83 non-diabetic cirrhotic patients admitted in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibar Medical University, Dhaka to assess the relationship between cirrhosis of liver and diabetes mellitus. The study was carried out during the period of January to June, 2010 and data were collected through face to face interview and reviewing medical documents by using a semi-structured questionnaire and checklist. Male, Muslims and illiterate were predominant in both diabetic and non-diabetic cirrhotic patients. It was found that non-viral cirrhosis was much higher in older age group (51-60years) than in younger age group (41-50years) in comparison to viral cirrhosis and this difference was found statistically significant [÷2 (3)=20.97, p<0.001]. Association of non-viral cirrhosis was found with hyperglycemia [÷2 (1)=15.65, p<0.001], poor glycaemic control [÷2 (1)= 9.86, p<0.01] and longer duration of diabetes [÷2 (2) =9.51, p<0.01]. Non-viral cirrhosis was significantly higher (28.3%) among the diabetic patients than the non-diabetic patients who suffered more (28.3%) from viral [÷2 (1)=41.36, p<.001]. The study recommends for glycemic control by leading disciplined life and taking apposite therapy for prevention of non-viral cirrhosis among diabetic patients. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i2.14734 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(2): 59-63
Post Vaccination Myelitis in a Young Woman Following Administration of Rabies Chick Embryo Cell Vaccine - A Case Report
Authors: Ikhtaire Shapur , Faiz MA
Published: April 2013

A case of post-vaccination myelitis following administration of chick embryo cell rabies vaccine in a 20 year-old young lady is described. The case presented with paraplegia five days after receiving the third dose (on 12th day) of the vaccine for rabies. Myelitis was confirmed by signal changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). She improved considerably on steroids treatment. This is the first case of myelitis following rabies chick embryo cell vaccination in Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/imcj.v6i2.14738 Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2012; 6(2): 76-77
Impact of Heat Stress on Poultry Production
Authors: Lara Lucas , Rostagno Marcos
Published: April 2013

Understanding and controlling environmental conditions is crucial to successful poultry production and welfare. Heat stress is one of the most important environmental stressors challenging poultry production worldwide. The detrimental effects of heat stress on broilers and laying hens range from reduced growth and egg production to decreased poultry and egg quality and safety. Moreover, the negative impact of heat stress on poultry welfare has recently attracted increasing public awareness and concern. Much information has been published on the effects of heat stress on productivity and immune response in poultry. However, our knowledge of basic mechanisms associated to the reported effects, as well as related to poultry behavior and welfare under heat stress conditions is in fact scarce. Intervention strategies to deal with heat stress conditions have been the focus of many published studies. Nevertheless, effectiveness of most of the interventions has been variable or inconsistent. This review focuses on the scientific evidence available on the importance and impact of heat stress in poultry production, with emphasis on broilers and laying hens.
La langue de l'Idylle de Théocrite : principes, éléments, expression linguistique
Authors: Dimitrov Petăr
Published: April 2013

L'auteur, rejetant la notion de genre composite, traite l'idylle de Théocrite comme une structure autonome, monostructure cohérente qui s'est dégagée d'une plus ancienne polystructure associant l'agôn bucolique, l'epyllion, présent aussi dans l'hymne, des motifs, analogues d'une part aux motifs homériques, d'autre part à ceux du mime et de la comédie de Sicile. La langue participe de cette polystructure par l'association de divers « niveaux linguistiques », expliquant la coexistence de formes hétérogènes, que la critique textuelle a eu tort de vouloir réduire à l'unité : alternance -ζ-/-σδ- et μιν/νιν par exemple.
Le mythe de Persée et les Éthiopiques d'Héliodore : légendes, représentations et fiction littéraire
Authors: Billault Alain
Published: April 2013

Dans les Êthiopiques d'Héliodore, l'épisode de la conception de l'héroïne sous l'influence d'un tableau représentant la libération d'Andromède par Persée résulte d'une élaboration mythique complexe. Il associe certaines croyances caractéristiques du climat spirituel de l'époque impériale à une vision romanesque du mythe de Persée. Divers éléments de ce mythe sont transposés dans le roman d'Héliodore, représentation née d'une représentation.
Φιλότης, πίστις et foedus
Authors: Taillardat Jean
Published: April 2013

Le rite du serrement de mains dans la φιλότης (rite par lequel on engage sa foi) et la fréquence, dans les textes, de l'association syntagmatique de φίλος, etc., avec le groupe de πέποιθα, πιστός, etc., donnent à penser que φίλος est formé sur la racine * bhei- dénotant la confiance. Le thème III bhei-dh- fournit πείθομαι, lat. foedus, etc. Est dit φίλος celui qui a engagé sa foi dans un foedus, en particulier dans un coniiujale foedus, un hospilii foedus ou un amicitiae fœdus.
« Nuances » dans le Traité d'Harmonique d'Aristoxène de Tarente
Authors: Bélis Annie
Published: April 2013

Étude de la doctrine des nuances dans ce traité, aboutissant à définir son rôle : moins un rôle musical qu'une fonction d'exemplarité (permettant de juger si telle ou telle combinaison peut entrer dans la pratique), et en outre un rôle polémique, puisque Aristoxène dénonce les principes des théories pythagoriciennes en la matière.
Les villes athéniennes et un décret pour un commerçant (IG, I², 903)
Authors: Gauthier Philippe
Published: April 2013

Dans quelques textes athéniens de la fin du me siècle et du ne, les poleis désignent les villes d'Athènes et du Pirée, et non des cités étrangères. Le décret IG, II², 903 [Sylloge³ 640) est réinterprété et révisé à la lumière de ces textes.