bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Conceptual Study on Mutraghata (Retention of Urine) Management - The Most Prevalent Disease of India
Authors:   PG Scholar, Dept. of Rachana Sharir, Parul Institute of Ayurveda, Vadodara, Parul University, Gujarat-391760, India, Adhikari Tanmay , Wahane Ajitkumar S ,   Asso. Prof. & Guide, Dept. of Rachana Sharir, Parul Institute of Ayurveda, Vadodara Institute of Ayurveda, Vadodara, Parul University, Gujarat-391760, India
Published: July 2022

Numerous portions of the Charaka Samhita deal with urological problems. Since the Vedic time, the Mutrarogas have existed. Mutraghata is a Vatadosha illness that affects the majority of people. Mutra Vaha Srotas (MVS) diseases affect a large number of people. Any physician should be familiar with Nidana, Samprapti, Lakshanas, Sadhya-Asadhyata, Upadrava, and Chikitsa. It has been determined by Acharya Dalhana that the Mutraghata clinical body is MVS through the relative anuria or oliguria urinary retention. The obstruction of urine (Mutraghata) is a sickness, and the cardinal feature of urine is the obstruction of the urine. In other words, urine retention (UR) might be caused by urinary tract inflammation or obstruction. Also, such effect employed as the Mutra vaha Srota's Nidana of Mutraghata. The doshas deteriorate as a result of this reason. It's mostly due to the vata Dosha. The vitiated dosha combines with pee, obstructing urine flow. In Ayureveda phrases, Mutraghata is complex and misunderstood concept. This article highlights the various aspects of Mutraghata related to Ayurveda.
Visopayogiya Adhyaya- A Cross Sectional View with Special Reference to Antidotes
Authors:   MD (Agadtantra) Ph.D. Scholar & Ph.D. Guide, Department of Agadtantra, Parul Institute of Ayurved (PIA), Vadodara, Gujarat-391760, India, MK Arun Mohan , Bhosikar Sariput ,   MD (Agadtantra) Ph.D. Scholar & Ph.D. Guide, Department of Agadtantra, Parul Institute of Ayurved (PIA), Vadodara, Gujarat-391760, India, Rao Gundappa S ,   MD, Ph.D. Professor & Ph.D. Guide Agadtantra, Parul Institute of Ayurved (PIA), Vadodara, Gujarat-391760, India
Published: July 2022

Antidotes are pharmaceuticals that are used to combat the effects of poisons. They work by modifying the toxin's chemical structure or interfering with the toxin's adherence to biologic sites; for either instance, the inverse interferes with the neurotoxin to decrease morbidity and mortality rates. Antdotes and Prativisha are having some resemblance according to our Ayurvedic science. Astanga Sangraha of Vridha Vagbhata brings about the concept of giving poisons for the treatment of poisons. The concept of visha upayogiya is a new and unique idea which was put forward by Acharya. The indications, procedure and contra indications of the Visha upayogiya dravyas are mentioned nicely in this chapter of Astanga Sangraha. All the 16 complications of visha as well as the minor complications of the poison can be corrected with the application of the visha dravyas in proper and appropriate manner. This paper highlights the importance of Visha Upayogiya adhyaya, prativisha and the concept of antidotes and the relation between all the three.
Area-Wide Control Program in Management of Chinese Citrus Fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae), in Citrus Orchards, Sindhuli, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari D. , Thapa R.B. , Joshi S.L. , Du J.J.
Published: July 2022

Chinese citrus fly, Bactrocera minax (Enderlein) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is one of the important citrus pests in Nepal, India and Bhutan including China where it was originated. Since 2014/15, the problem of B. minax in sweet orange fruit is being faced by citrus growers in Sindhuli, Nepal. To mitigate the problem of B. minax, Chinese citrus fly in the orchards, afield practice of area wide control program (AWCP) was piloted in the selected 231 citrus orchards for the first time in Sindhuli in 2018 which has been adopted by 1153 citrus growers in 2019. The obvious recessions of mean fruit damage percentages due to B. minax in the sweet orange orchards at different locations in 2018 (range: 3.9 ± 1.1% to 29.7 ± 9.6%) and 2019 (range: 2.6 ± 0.8% to 7.5 ± 2.3%) have been achieved by virtue of B. minax management through AWCP with poisonous protein bait component and sanitation measure in the citrus orchards.
Varietal Screening of Rice Genotypes for the Rice Weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) (Curculionidae: Coleoptera) at Laboratory Condition
Authors: Pal M.K. , Tiwari S. , Regmi R. , Ali F. Md.
Published: July 2022

The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) is a major pest of rice at storage condition in Nepal. A lab experiment was conducted for varietal screening of rice genotypes against S. oryzae at the National Rice Research Program, Hardinath, Dhanusha, Nepal in 2020. The study was carried out in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in a three replicates. Fifty gram of each seven popular rice genotypes i.e Sambha Mansuli Sub-1, Ramdhan, Radha-11, Bahuguni-1, Bahuguni-2, Hardinath-2 and Lalka Basmati were used to screen the potential weevil resistant rice cultivars. Ten pairs of newly emerged adult S. oryzae of uniform age obtained from stock culture were released in each plastic jar in no-choice tests, while twenty five pairs of S. oryzae were released in the center, in choice tests. Results were evaluated based on the grain damage percent, weight loss percent, and total live weevil population for 90 days from the date of experiment. The result demonstrated that Lalka Basmati was the least damaged rice cultivar followed by Bahuguni-2. The highest weevil population over 90 days was recorded in Sambha Mansuli Sub-1 followed by Hardinath-2 and the least weevil population was found on Lalka Basmati followed by Bahuguni -2 in both test conditions. Lowest to highest damage ranking of rice genotypes was: Lalka Basmati<Bahuguni-2<Bahuguni-1<Radha-11<Ramdhan<Hardinath-2<Sambha Mansuli Sub-1. Thus, promotion of Lalka Basmati & Bahuguni-2 varieties is recommended to reduce the infestation of rice weevil in the storehouse condition. This information is useful for host plant resistant breeding program for the plant breeder.
Assessment of Desired Core Competencies and its Acquisition Barriers of Agricultural Extension Advisors in Nepal
Authors: Mehta R. K. , Singh O. P. , Sigdel U. P. , Joshi N. R.
Published: July 2022

Modern agriculture is the era of 21st century. Competency is an indispensable in every aspect of delivering services to their ultimate users. Competency is integration of skills, knowledge, attitude and behavior that trigger to perform the delegated services in precise and methodical manner. The objective of this study was to identify important core competency required and its acquisition barrier for extension advisors of Nepalese agriculture extension service. Data were obtained using survey questionnaire from officers working at federal, state and local government offices of the selected 18 districts. The questionnaire was composed of open and close-ended questions based on 56 indicators of the nine core competencies. The descriptive statistics were used to analyze the responses. The findings indicated respondent perceptions on its all nine core competencies- program planning, program implementation, communication skills, extension education and information technology, program evaluation, personal and professional development, diversity, subject matter expertise and emotional intelligence from important to very important ranges. Subject matter expertise was perceived most important and communication skills as least one. Subject matter expertise, extension education and information technology skills positively correlate with education. The limited training opportunities and high cost for acquiring training personally are major barriers to gain competencies.
Moving Yak Herds towards Tourism: A Linkage between Yak and Eco- Tourism in the High Mountains of East on Nepal
Authors: Poudel Jiban Mani , Paudyal Sanjeev , Shiwakoti Shova , Gurung Sandhya
Published: July 2022

This paper is study about the intersection between yak herding and tourism. The main focus is on how the concepts of yak festival and gothstay are transforming the conventional notion of animal husbandry, in particular yak herding, in the eastern high mountain region of Nepal. It is based on ethnographic study among the yak and urang herders in the region. Triangulation methods i.e., observation, interview, household survey and GIS were used. The yak festival and the concept of gothstay are giving new meaning, value and symbol – something different from the customary usage – to yak and yak herding. The concept of yak-tourism is not only a connection of yak and yak herding with tourism, but also gendering of the yak through language, image and form in public spaces. Thus, the rational, instrumental and conventional way of describing of yak is not sufficient in the context of livestock tourism. Moreover, the concept of gothstay is transforming the traditional notion of goth; i.e., from herders’ place to touristic site for learning about Himalayan pastoral culture and lifestyle. It would be a potential alternative of livelihood source for the Himalayan herders who have very limited options for making a living.
Strategi Mengajar Bahasa Inggris pada Kelas Daring Selama Masa Pandemik Covid-19 di SMP Swasta F. Tandean Tebing Tinggi
Authors: Kaban Susiana , Dalimunte Ahmad Amin
Published: July 2022

Sebuah tantangan bagi guru agar bisa secara efektif mentransfer ilmu atau pelajaran yang lazimnya diajarkan langsung di dalam kelas, sekarang harus diajarkan secara daring karena terjadinya pandemi Covid-19. Cara guru menjelaskan materi pelajaran dengan adanya diskoneksi antara cara mengajar dan bagaimana isi pelajaran harus disampaikan merupakan bagian dari strategi mengajar yang seharusnya dipersiapkan dengan baik sehingga tujuan pembelajaran dapat tercapai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui strategi mengajar bahasa Inggris pada kelas daring yang digunakan oleh para guru Bahasa Inggris SMP Swasta F. Tandean Tebing Tinggi selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Subjek penelitian ini adalah 2 orang guru Bahasa Inggris di SMP Swasta F.Tandean Tebing Tinggi, lokasi penelitian berada di SMP Swasta F.Tandean. Ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dimana data diperoleh menggunakan teknik observasi, dokumentasi, dan wawancara. Sedangkan data dianalisa melalui langkah-langkah berikut: organisir data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa strategi mengajar yang digunakan guru Bahasa Inggris berbeda-beda tergantung kepada keterampilan bahasa yang ingin dicapai, namun keduanya menggunakan video yang diunggah ke Youtube untuk menyampaikan materi pelajaran dan menggunakan aplikasi WhatsApp Group, Google Classroom, dan Zoom sebagai media komunikasi tanya jawab dan pengumpulan tugas.
Service of Court Documents in Civil Proceedings to Attorneys During the Covid Pandemic – Analysis of Selected Issues
Authors: Jędrzejewska Ewa
Published: July 2022

The serving of court documents on parties to civil proceedings and their attorneysat-law is primarily regulated under the Act of 17 November 1964, the Code of Civil Procedure. However, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic some temporary solutions have been implemented by the legislator. Their role is to expedite communications between common courts and attorneys by using IT-based technology, and specifically, an e-service platform for serving court documents electronically. The aim of this paper is to analyze electronic service on attorneys in civil cases, and in particular, such issues as: which court papers may be delivered via the e-service platform, when should a document be deemed as served considering exceptions from the e-service rule, application of Article 134 of the Code of Civil Procedure to e-service of court documents and e-service in case of a multiple power of attorney.
Full Compensation for Damage in International Carriage Law with Regard to the Carriage of Goods – Rule or Exception?
Authors: Ambrożuk Dorota
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this article it to outline the legal nature of limitations of the amount of compensation stipulated in international carriage conventions. The paper tries to answer the question whether these limitations in an array of cases of carrier liability allow a conclusion that the principle of limited compensation applies here or whether perhaps the principle of full compensation remains valid and limitation of the amount of compensation is still an exception. Having analysed the legal character of limits to the amount of compensation, having demonstrated derogations from the application of provisions that limit the sum of the compensation and having taken into account the incomplete regulation under international carriage conventions and its lack of autonomy (falling under the civil law), the author points out that limiting the sum of compensation, despite being applied in the majority of cases of carrier liability, is not a rule but an exception from the full compensation principle. An answer to the fundamental question allows appropriate interpretation of provisions on establishing the amount of compensation due from the carrier. If one were to assume that these regulations maintain their exceptional nature, they will need to be interpreted in a restrictive manner, according to the exceptiones non sunt extendendae principle, and any doubts will have to be settled according to the full compensation principle.
Genesis and Meaning of the Title of “Doctor of the Church” for the Development of the Catholic Faith
Authors: Rozkrut Tomasz
Published: July 2022

Title of the Doctor of the Church is, unquestionably, very significant, but the method used by the bishop of Rome to grant the title is almost unknown, nowadays. Most of all, this is true due to its specific and special procedure. Formal and legal issues regarding granting this very significant and meaningful ecclesiastical dignity of universal character has returned lately together with numerous suggestions to grant the title of the Doctor of the Church to Saint John Paul II. It is worth to mention that until present the title of the Doctor of the Church has been granted to 36 people, who, obviously, were previously canonized by the Church. Among these there are 32 men and 4 women. Popes who were heads of the Church after the Second Vatican Council, namely St. Paul VI, St. John Paul II, Benedict XVI, as well as current Pope Francis had a habit of granting this ecclesiastical title in a systematic but sporadic manner. They did it in a special apostolic letter. It must also be pointed out that there is not any Pole on the list of the Doctors. However, there are 2 bishops of Rome, 3 cardinals, 15 bishops, 11 presbyters, 1 deacon, 2 nuns, 1 tertiary, and 1 abbess. As the above list indicates, this honourable title of the universal Church can be granted even to the lay faithful. It can be said synthetically that Doctors of the Church are important and prominent teachers of the universal Church. It is also worth to add that in 1687 the Krakow Academy expressed a wish that John Cantius was pronounced a Doctor of the Church at the time of his canonization. However, the Roman Curia questioned the authorship of his writings. This, without any doubt, caused that the issue could not have been further proceeded. The St. John Paul II apostolic constitution Pastor bonus, about the Roman Curia of 28 June 1988 states in Article 73 that the Congregation for the Causes of Saints is competent to “examine what is necessary for the granting of the title of doctor to saints, after having received the recommendation of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith concerning outstanding teaching.”
The Assessment of Legal Constructs Protecting Taxpayers Against of Inflation in the Personal Income Tax and the Inheritance and Donation Tax
Authors: Burzec Marcin
Published: July 2022

One of the factors negatively influencing an assessment of the tax liability is inflation. An increase in prices of goods and services without simultaneous adjustment for inflation of the construction elements sensitive to erosion, or lack of application of an effective corrective mechanism, leads to a gradual reduction in the taxpayer’s ability to pay. This results in a violation of the principle of tax justice, even in a situation where the provisions of tax law are formally correct. The aim of this article is to answer the question whether there are any legal constructs in Poland that protect taxpayers against the negative impact of inflation and, if so, whether they protect them effectively. The article analyses legal regulations contained in the Personal Income Tax Act and the Inheritance and Donation Tax Act which refer to structural elements of taxes expressed as an amount. The research covers the period of over thirty years, i.e. from the beginning of social and economic changes in Poland, characterised by high inflation, to the present day.
An argumentative approach for handling inconsistency in prioritized Datalog ± ontologies
Authors: Ho Loan , Arch-int Somjit , Acar Erman , Schlobach Stefan , Arch-int Ngamnij
Published: July 2022

Prioritized Datalog ± is a well-studied formalism for modelling ontological knowledge and data, and has a success story in many applications in the (Semantic) Web and in other domains. Since the information content on the Web is both inherently context-dependent and frequently updated, the occurrence of a logical inconsistency is often inevitable. This phenomenon has led the research community to develop various types of inconsistency-tolerant semantics over the last few decades. Although the study of query answering under inconsistency-tolerant semantics is well-understood, the problem of explaining query answering under such semantics took considerably less attention, especially in the scenario where the facts are prioritized. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap. More specifically, we use Dung’s abstract argumentation framework to address the problem of explaining inconsistency-tolerant query answering in Datalog ± KB where facts are prioritized, or preordered. We clarify the relationship between preferred repair semantics and various notions of extensions for argumentation frameworks. The strength of such argumentation-based approach is the explainability; users can more easily understand why different points of views are conflicting and why the query answer is entailed (or not) under different semantics. To this end we introduce the formal notion of a dialogical explanation, and show how it can be used to both explain showing why query results hold and not hold according to the known semantics in inconsistent Datalog ± knowledge bases.
Institutional repositories and knowledge organization: A bibliographic study from Library and Information Science
Authors: Fujita Mariângela Spotti Lopes , Agustín-Lacruz Carmen , Tolare Jéssica Beatriz , Terra Ana Lúcia , Bueno-de-la-Fuente Gema
Published: July 2022

This research presents an exploratory and descriptive study on the use of knowledge organization processes and systems in the context of repositories, published in journals indexed in databases between 2015 and 2020. The authors of these papers do not necessarily publish in specific events and journals in the Knowledge Organization area, but rather in the Library and Information Science arena. The study has been carried out in four steps: 1. Search, retrieval and selection of articles; 2. Development of a data codebook; 3. Identification and codification of topics; and, 4. Analysis of the data extracted. A final sample of 33 articles was defined. The methodology applied to determine the theme of journal articles is presented in detail, including the use of the Classification System for Knowledge Organization Literature (CSKOL). The illustrative data of disciplinarity and interdisciplinarity present in the articles object of this study are shown and discussed, regarding the predominance of certain ranges of CSKOL and regarding the diversity of the representative themes of the contents. It is possible to conclude that the use of CSKOL proves to be a suitable lens for analysing and understanding the literature on the field of knowledge organization in institutional repositories. It is shown that, in these 33 articles the themes of knowledge organization are combined with interdisciplinary themes from other areas of knowledge. In our opinion, this enriches and improves theoretical support for research development.
Association Between High Serum Tetrahydrofolate and Low Cognitive Functions in the United States: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Fan Yaohua , Liu Wen , Chen Si , Li Mengzhu , Zhao Lijun , Wu Chunxiao , Liu Helu , Zhu Meiling
Published: July 2022

Background:

The relationship between serum folate status and cognitive functions is still controversial.

Objective:

To evaluate the association between serum tetrahydrofolate and cognitive functions.

Methods:

A total of 3,132 participants (60–80 years old) from the 2011–2014 NHANES were included in this cross-sectional study. The primary outcome measure was cognitive function assessment, determined by the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Word Learning Test (CERAD-WL), CERAD-Delayed Recall Test (CERAD-DR), Animal Fluency Test (AF), Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), and global cognitive score. Generalized linear model (GLM), multivariate logistic regression models, weighted generalized additive models (GAM), and subgroup analyses were performed to evaluate the association between serum tetrahydrofolate and low cognitive functions.

Results:

In GLM, and the crude model, model 1, model 2 of multivariate logistic regression models, increased serum tetrahydrofolate was associated with reduced cognitive functions via AF, DSST, CERAD-WL, CERAD-DR, and global cognitive score ( p < 0.05). In GAM, the inflection points were 1.1, 2.8, and 2.8 nmol/L tetrahydrofolate, determined by a two-piece wise linear regression model of AF, DSST, and global cognitive score, respectively. Also, in GAM, there were no non-linear relationship between serum tetrahydrofolate and low cognitive functions, as determined by CERAD-WL or CERAD-DR. The results of subgroup analyses found that serum tetrahydrofolate levels and reduced cognitive functions as determined by AF had significant interactions for age and body mass index. The association between high serum tetrahydrofolate level and reduced cognitive functions as determined using DSST, CERAD-WL, CERAD-DR, or global cognitive score had no interaction with the associations between cognition and gender, or age, or so on.

Conclusion:

High serum tetrahydrofolate level is associated with significantly reduced cognitive function.
Incidental Finding: Urine Alzheimer-Associated Neuronal Thread Protein (AD7c-NTP) and Serum Vitamin D25
Authors: Song Cheng , Li Feng , Wang Liu-Yu , Shi Yu-Quan , Shen Zhen-Hai
Published: July 2022

Background:

National and international experts have been attempting to find diagnostic tools for the early identification of symptoms to facilitate early identification and intervention of the disease.

Objective:

Detection of urine Alzheimer-associated neuronal thread protein (AD7c-NTP) and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD).

Methods:

Subjects aged >50 years who underwent a physical examination at the Taihu Sanatorium of Jiangsu Province, had no clinical evidence of AD-related issues, and had normal Mini-Mental State Exam and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores were enrolled in the present study. There were 35 males and 15 females, who were aged 51–91 years. Urine AD7c-NTP levels and serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured.

Results:

The Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the urine AD7c-NTP levels in these subjects were negatively correlated with the serum 25(OH)D concentrations ( r = –0.460, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Combined with previous studies, it was considered that cognitive function might be the only link for the correlation between AD7c-NTP and 25(OH)D. This finding might provide a starting point to investigate the potential value of the interaction between urine AD7c-NTP and serum 25(OH)D in chronic diseases. Further large-scale studies are needed to validate the results of the present study.
Rich-Club Connectivity of the Structural Covariance Network Relates to Memory Processes in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Drenthen Gerhard S. , Backes Walter H. , Freeze Whitney M. , Jacobs Heidi I.L. , Verheggen Inge C.M. , van Boxtel Martin P.J. , Hoff Erik I. , Verhey Frans R. , Jansen Jacobus F.A.
Published: July 2022

Background:

Though mediotemporal lobe volume changes are well-known features of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), grey matter volume changes may be distributed throughout the brain. These distributed changes are not independent due to the underlying network structure and can be described in terms of a structural covariance network (SCN).

Objective:

To investigate how the cortical brain organization is altered in AD we studied the mutual connectivity of hubs in the SCN, i.e., the rich-club.

Methods:

To construct the SCNs, cortical thickness was obtained from structural MRI for 97 participants (normal cognition, n = 37; mild cognitive impairment, n = 41; Alzheimer-type dementia, n = 19). Subsequently, rich-club coefficients were calculated from the SCN, and related to memory performance and hippocampal volume using linear regression.

Results:

Lower rich-club connectivity was related to lower memory performance as well as lower hippocampal volume.

Conclusion:

Therefore, this study provides novel evidence of reduced connectivity in hub areas in relation to AD-related cognitive impairments and atrophy.
Diabetes, Hypertension, and the Risk of Dementia
Authors: Yen Fu-Shun , Wei James Cheng-Chung , Yip Hei-Tung , Hwu Chii-Min , Hsu Chih-Cheng
Published: July 2022

Background:

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hypertension (HTN) are well-known modifiable risk factors for dementia, but their intricate attributes accounting for dementia development has not been clearly delineated.

Objective:

We conducted this study to investigate and compare the effects of T2D and HTN on dementia risk.

Methods:

We screened data of matched pairs of patients with T2D or HTN between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2017 from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database. Fine and Gray’s subdistribution hazard models were used for calculating the risk of dementia.

Results:

Patients with T2D and subsequent HTN were associated with significantly higher risks of all-cause dementia (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.25–1.83) and vascular dementia (aHR 2.30, 95% CI 1.71–3.13) compared with those without subsequent HTN. Patients with HTN and subsequent T2D were associated with significantly higher risks of all-cause dementia (aHR 1.15, 95% CI 1.08–1.21), vascular dementia (aHR 1.25, 95% CI 1.62–1.34), and other dementia (aHR 1.31, 95% CI 1.03–1.66) compared with those without subsequent HTN. The subgroups of male and female patients, age of 50–69 and 70–90 years with subsequent comorbidity were associated with significantly higher risks of all-cause dementia and vascular dementia than those without subsequent comorbidity.

Conclusion:

This nationwide cohort study demonstrated that patients with T2D and subsequent HTN had association with higher risks of all-cause dementia and vascular dementia, and those with HTN and subsequent T2D were associated with higher risks of all-cause dementia, vascular dementia, and other dementia.
Systemic Injection of Aged Blood Plasma in Adult C57BL/6 Mice Induces Neurophysiological Impairments in the Hippocampal CA1
Authors: Huffels Christiaan F.M. , van Dijk Roland E. , Karst Henk , Meye Frank J. , Hol Elly M. , Middeldorp Jinte
Published: July 2022

Background:

Aging is characterized by systemic alterations and forms an important risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Recently, it has been indicated that blood-borne factors present in the systemic milieu contribute to the aging process. Exposing young mice to aged blood plasma results in impaired neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus, as well as impaired cognition. Vice versa, treating aged mice with young blood plasma rescues impairments associated with aging.

Objective:

Whether blood-borne factors are sufficient to drive impairments outside the dentate gyrus, how they impact neurophysiology, and how the functional outcome compares to impairments found in mouse models for AD is still unclear.

Methods:

Here, we treated adult mice with blood plasma from aged mice and assessed neurophysiological parameters in the hippocampal CA1.

Results:

Mice treated with aged blood plasma show significantly impaired levels of long-term potentiation (LTP), similar to those present in APP/PS1 mice. These impaired levels of LTP in plasma-treated mice are associated with alterations in basic properties of glutamatergic transmission and the enhanced activity of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels.

Conclusion:

Together, the data presented in this study show that blood-borne factors are sufficient to drive neurophysiological impairments in the hippocampal CA1.
Long-Term Depression-Inducing Low Frequency Stimulation Enhances p-Tau181 and p-Tau217 in an Age-Dependent Manner in Live Rats
Authors: Zhang Yangyang , Yang Yin , Hu Zhengtao , Zhu Manyi , Qin Shuangying , Yu Pengpeng , Li Bo , Xu Jitian , Ondrejcak Tomas , Klyubin Igor , Rowan Michael J. , Hu Neng-Wei
Published: July 2022

Background:

Cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) correlates with the extent of tau pathology, in particular tau hyperphosphorylation, which is strongly age-associated. Although elevation of cerebrospinal fluid or blood levels of phosphorylated tau (p-Tau) at residues Thr181 (p-Tau181), Thr217 (p-Tau217), and Thr231 (p-Tau231) are proposed to be particularly sensitive markers of preclinical AD, the generation of p-Tau during brain activity is poorly understood.

Objective:

To study whether the expression levels of p-Tau181, p-Tau217, and p-Tau231 can be enhanced by physiological synaptic long-term depression (LTD) which has been linked to the enhancement of p-Tau in hippocampus.

Methods:

In vivo electrophysiology was performed in urethane anesthetized young adult and aged male rats. Low frequency electrical stimulation (LFS) was used to induce LTD at CA3 to CA1 synapses. The expression level of p-Tau and total tau was measured in dorsal hippocampus using immunofluorescent staining and/or western blotting.

Results:

We found that LFS enhanced p-Tau181 and p-Tau217 in an age-dependent manner in the hippocampus of live rats. In contrast, phosphorylation at residues Thr231, Ser202/Thr205, and Ser396 appeared less sensitive to LFS. Pharmacological antagonism of either N-methyl-D-aspartate or metabotropic glutamate 5 receptors inhibited the elevation of both p-Tau181 and p-Tau217. Targeting the integrated stress response, which increases with aging, using a small molecule inhibitor ISRIB, prevented the enhancement of p-Tau by LFS in aged rats.

Conclusion:

Together, our data provide a novel in vivo means to uncover brain plasticity-related cellular and molecular processes of tau phosphorylation at key sites in health and aging.
Poverty mapping in Latin America: ECLAC experiences on small area estimation
Authors: Gutiérrez Andrés , Mancero Xavier , Guerrero Stalyn
Published: July 2022

Poverty mapping is a valuable tool for governments and international organizations to identify the geographical areas and population groups that are most deprived or vulnerable. This approach can lead to designing and monitoring development policies more effectively. This article presents the recent experience of the Statistics Division of the UN Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in using Small Area Estimation (SAE) methods to combine information from household surveys, censuses and satellite imagery to deliver poverty estimates at the provincial and municipal levels, which could not be attained using the household surveys alone.
Utilizing big data to measure key connections between gender and climate change1
Authors: Valero Sara Duerto , Emandi Ramya , Encarnacion Jessamyn , Kaul Sneha , Seck Papa
Published: July 2022

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC) reports and other literature draw focus to disproportionate impacts of natural hazards on women and girls; as well as on the roles they play on climate change mitigation, adaptation, natural resource management, environmental conservation and degradation. The connections between climate change and gender are rarely measured and hence, fewer related policies are in place. This paper showcases three separate data collation and analysis exercises, that generated evidence on the gender and climate change nexus utilizing big data: i) geospatial data integrated with Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data that provide evidence on the connections between climate change and gender outcomes; ii) search and social media data that show violence-related searches increasing at times of hazards; and iii) web document text data that find little mention of gender in climate speeches. Beyond shedding light on the clear connections between gender and climate change issues, it also highlights the important role that non-traditional sources can play in filling these data gaps.
Asymmetric Responses of Energy Consumption in Malaysia: Evidence from Nonlinear ARDL
Authors: Tang Chung-Siong , Kogid Mori
Published: July 2022

Many studies have modelled the prices, growth, technology and financial effects on energy consumption in a linear fashion. However, structural changes may trigger asymmetric or nonlinear behaviour in time series analysis. In this paper, we examine the asymmetric influence of economic growth, energy prices, technological innovations and financial development on energy consumption in Malaysia over the period between 1970 and 2018 using a nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) model. The empirical results uncover the existence of asymmetric cointegration relationship between variables. A positive shock in income, energy prices and financial development leads to high energy consumption. Surprisingly, a fall in income does not lower the energy consumption. The results do not provide any evidence of technological effect on energy consumption. In addition, the energy consumption responds more elastically to negative shock than positive shock, which has implications for energy policy. The results also suggest that the short-run and long-run effects are asymmetrical. All variables are found to have asymmetric causal effect on energy consumption in the short-run.
Crude Oil Prices and Currency Exchange Rates’ Impact on the Indonesian Energy Stock Market during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mohammad Benny Alexandri  , Putri Irmala Sari  , Widya Setiabudi Sumadinata
Published: July 2022

This study examines the effect of oil prices and currency exchange rates on the Indonesian Energy Stock Market, which was listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2020 to 2022. The purpose of this study is to select samples from the entire population. This study employed the ADF and Zivot-Andrews (1992) unit root test analyses. To begin, causality between the variables was established. The data suggested that alternate fees, closing price, and trade rat are causally related. The VAR method was used to investigate the short-term effects of the variables At the same time, oil prices have a beneficial effect on closing costs, trading prices experience closing post costs and Currency Exchange Rate prices During the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Crude Oil Price Fluctuation and Economic Growth: ARDL Model Approach
Authors: Van Dinh Doan
Published: July 2022

The relationship between crude oil prices and countries' GDP is used to consider whether crude oil prices impact their economic growth and the extent to which they are impacted. To explore and investigate this relationship, the autoregressive distributed lag model (ARDL) was combined with the unit root, Pearson's correlation (two-tailed) tests, and time series collected from 1991 to 2020 to explore their relationship. The crude oil prices affecting Vietnam, China, and South Korea are -52.6%, -37.6%, -48.5%, respectively, while other countries have a minimal impact, such as Thailand (-20.3 %), Singapore (-24.7%), Indonesia (11.1%), Malaysia (-23.4%), Japanese (-18.3%) and America (-12.8%). Crude oil prices negatively impact all countries except Indonesia. In addition, the empirical results provide accurate forecasting and alternative energy policymaking for micromanagers who set sustainable economic growth goals and have short-term and long-term economic development strategies.
Does Investment and Energy Infrastructure Influence Convergence in Sumatra Island, Indonesia?
Authors: Hidayat Muhammad , Bachtiar Nasri , Sjafrizal Sjafrizal , Primayesa Elvina
Published: July 2022

This research aims to prove the existence of a convergence process and analyse the effect of investment and energy infrastructure on the convergence process on Sumatra Island by including the element of space to understand spatial convergence better. The dataset used in panel data consists of 154 regions (district/municipality) from 2010 to 2020. The analytical tools used with a spatial econometric approach consist of Spatial Autoregressive (SAR) and Spatial Error Model (SEM). The results of the convergence test prove that there is convergence in both absolute and conditional convergence, and there is a difference in the speed of convergence for the two equations. Meanwhile, the results of the spatial approach state that there are spatial dependencies so that neighbouring regions influence the region. The estimation results of conditional β-convergence reveal that investment and government spending in infrastructure has a positive and significant effect, in contrast to energy infrastructure, which has a negative and significant relationship, and only human capital is not significant to the convergence process in Sumatra.
Investigating the Air Transport-Induced EKC Hypothesis: Evidence from NAFTA Countries
Authors: Dursun Erdal
Published: July 2022

The Major goal of this manuscript is to evaluate the long run relationship of economic growth, energy consumption, CO2 emissions and air transportation within the context of EKC hypothesis. In this sense, ADF and PP unit root tests, FMOLS, DOLS, CCR and ARDL tests are performed in order to determine the coefficient of effects of independent variables on dependent variable CO2 emissions. The periods from 1970 to 2020 for variables are derived from World Banks and Ourworldindata official website as annual data. According to FMOLS, DOLS, CCR tests there is a long-term stable linkage between CO2 emissions and energy consumption from 1970 to 2020 for all NAFTA countries including USA, Canada, and Mexico which is demonstrated empirically. It can be interpreted that increased consumption of the non-renewable energy or fossil will increase the amount of carbon dioxide emissions. For this reason, all three countries need to benefit from more environmentally friendly renewable energy sources.
Subcentral Taxation in Spain
Authors: Guerre Asuncion Arner
Published: July 2022

The latest reform of the Financing System of the Autonomous Communities of the common regime (AFS) has deepened Spain's fiscal co-responsibility and financial autonomy. In the Personal Income Tax, the income transfer has been accompanied by a growing regulatory capacity, creating a regional personal income tax (RPIT). Subsequently, Autonomous Communities must approve yearly an autonomous rate. Regional governments get the RPIT income by monthly payments on account (POA) based on the budget forecast for the following year on fractional payments and withholdings. Subsequently, there is the corresponding final settlement two years later. This work aims to study the RPIT from the POA, considering the potential and current taxation to evaluate possible inefficiencies. The methodology consists of estimating a Dynamic Panel Data of the fifteen Autonomous Communities for 2003-2019, using GMM. Results show that there was some degree of tax base overlap between levels of government in the Personal Income Tax. Besides, there was some type of reaction of the tax rate in one region to the tax rate of others. Consequently, the State transfers internalized vertical and horizontal externalities. In addition, efficiency concerns mainly were about taxation for entrepreneurs.
The Effect of Human Resource Management Practices on Employees’ Motivation and Creativity in the Private Sector of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Kazlah Samerah Abdullah H. , Badkook Roaa Osama
Published: July 2022

By linking HRM practices with employees’ intrinsic motivation and creativity, we sought to evaluate the effectiveness of HRM practices for improving the enthusiasm and ingenuity of workers. More specifically, we investigated the impact of a package of HRM practices (i.e., job training and job design) on employees’ inherent motivation and the influence this has on their creativeness while performing their roles. Data were gathered from 416 employees in the private sector of Saudi Arabia to study how job training and design affected three basic determinants of intrinsic motivation—namely autonomy, relatedness, and competence—as well as the degree to which improvements in employee motivation have a positive effect on their creativity. The findings indicate that (1) overall job design has a positive and significant effect on employees’ motivation, with the most effective job design dimensions being task significance, feedback, and autonomy, while (2) job training also has a significant positive impact on intrinsic motivation. Moreover, (3) the results further demonstrate that (3) intrinsic job motivation has a significant effect in terms of encouraging employees to fulfil their roles in a more creative way.
Age variability of sexual dimorphism of body dimensions in infancy (based on Moscow sample of 1970s)
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Mokhovaya st., 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia, Gorbacheva Anna K. , Fedotova Tatiana K. ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Anuchin Research Institute and Museum of Anthropology, Mokhovaya st., 11, Moscow, 125009, Russia
Published: July 2022

Materials and methods. Variability of SD is analysed using data of the sample of Moscow infants aged 0-12 months, 357 boys and 348 girls, examined in 1973-74 according to the program embracing body mass, body height, leg length, foot length, biacromial and pelvic diameters, transversal and sagittal chest diame-ters, girths of wrist, ankle, neck, chest, waist, upper arm, forearm, hip, shin; skinfolds - subscapular, triceps, biceps, chest, abdomen, hip, shin. Quantitative estimation of the value of SD is realized using Kullback di-vergence, analogue of Makhalanobis distance. Results. Patterns of SD dynamics of most dimensions under discussion have the uniform sinusoidal shape with maximums at 3-5 and 12 months and minimums at 8-9 months. The values of SD of skeletal dimen-sions – body length, leg length, transversal diameters - through the whole interval 0-12 months are positive, reaching the level of 1 standard deviation for body length and biacromial diameter in some ages. The level of SD of skinfolds through the whole age interval is, on the contrary, negative, most distinctly through 3-10 months, reaching the level 0,3-0,4 standard deviations. Dynamics of SD of girths, which variation is con-nected mostly with the development of skeletal/muscle soma components (chest girth), follow the pattern of SD of skeletal dimensions. Dynamics of SD of girths, which variation is connected mostly with the devel-opment of adiposity (thigh girth), follow the pattern of SD of skinfolds. Discussion. The form of dynamics of SD of somatic dimensions is the valid parameter of heterogeneity of infancy ontogenesis period. The quantitative level of sexual differences witnesses to the heterogeneity of parameters of skeletal development and adiposity as well. The vector of these differences reveals the dif-ferent strategies of growth of sexes in infancy – more intensive skeletal development of boys (positive SD) apart with more intensive adiposity accumulation of girls (negative SD).
Age features of the physique of artistic swimmers
Authors:   Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE), Sireneviy boulevard 4, Moscow, 105122, Russia, Maltsev Aleksandr Evgenevich , Panasyuk Tat'yana Vladimirovna ,   Russian State University of Physical Education, Sport, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE), Sireneviy boulevard 4, Moscow, 105122, Russia
Published: July 2022

Material and methods. The sample of 50 people consisted of female athletes of three age groups: junior (9-10 years old), senior (14-15 years old) and the Russian national team (over 18 years old). In this cross-sectional study, we used total body dimensions (according to V.V. Bunak), body mass components (ac-cording to J. Matiegka’s formulas and bioimpedance method), body proportions (according to P.N. Bashkirov’s method), body shape (by somatoscopy), somatotype (by the Heath-Carter and Shtefko-Ostrovsky) and biological age (by dental and sexual maturity). Results. In terms of physical development, artistic swimmers (girls) do not differ significantly from their peers who do not go in for sports. The body height of the national team athletes is higher than the average values for their gender, and the body weight is lower. Under the influence of training loads in young artistic swimmers, there is a slight decrease in the fat component and an increase in the muscle one. Russian elite artistic swimmers have a lower level of development of adipositythan athletes of the national teams of Ko-rea and Spain. The muscular component of the Russian artistic swimmers may indicate overwork. The analy-sis of the variability of body proportions of artistic swimmers of different age groups testifies to the target-ed selection to the national team in the terms of longitudinal body dimensions. At the present stage of development of artistic swimming, the selection of retardant athletes is taking place. It was revealed that somatotypes with significant mesomorphism prevail in younger and older age groups, while the athletes of the national team belong to the ectomorphic body type with various variations of two other components of the somatotype. Conclusion. The study of morphological indicators made it possible to form an idea of the importance of the somatotype and body proportions for artistic swimming, which, in the combination with other necessary qualities, will increase the efficiency of selection and control of the training process.
Formación docente inicial desde una perspectiva comparada entre España, Chile y Paraguay
Authors: Castillo-Vega Jose María , Donaire Carolina , Manso Jesús , Lagunes-Dominguez Agustín
Published: July 2022

La presente investigación comprende un estudio comparado que está enfocado en el análisis de convergencias, diferencias y tendencias que se manifiestan en la formación docente inicial en tres contextos iberoamericanos: España, Chile y Paraguay. Para su desarrollo, se diseñó un árbol de parámetros e indicadores cuyas categorías de análisis fueron las siguientes: modelos de formación inicial, instituciones formadoras, requisitos de acceso, duración, contenido curricular, períodos de prácticas y perfil de formadores. Los resultados y conclusiones ponen de manifiesto que, si bien se han realizado importantes avances en posicionar el discurso de organismos internacionales en las políticas de formación inicial para la mejora educativa, se siguen presentando marcadas diferencias entre los países conforme con las últimas tendencias, fundamentalmente en aspectos como la duración de los programas, las instituciones formadoras, el grado de cualificación que se establece para ejercer la docencia, el perfil de los formadores y la escasa vinculación entre la teoría y la práctica. Por otra parte, se puede afirmar que, a pesar de estas diferencias, existe convergencia en cuanto a la implementación de procesos de mejora que, si bien se encuentran en distintas fases en los tres contextos, tienen un mismo objetivo: mejorar la cualificación docente y aumentar la calidad de la educación.