bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Ibruprofen Medication and Prosthetic Esthetical Treatment in Elderly Patients with Temporal Mandibular Joint Disorders and Deppresion
Authors: Checherita Laura , Burlea L. S. , Stamatin O. , Manuc D.
Published: February 2020

Affections of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) can lead to imbalances and disfuntions named temporomandibular desorders (TMDs). Elderly people with TMDs are experiencing more severe phenomena due to instability centric relationship, edentation, hypotonia, and cranio-mandibular malrelations, neurologic and chronic diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficiency of the anti-inflamatory treatment followed by prosthetic, estethic and gnathologic treatment in elderly. This is a prospective study, based on data obtained from 410 elderly people, 74 female and 33 male gender subjects. In the studied group we found a high prevalence of pain (42.99%) and articular affectation (25.23%) which is due both to the grade of edentation and to complications of it, also the muscular affectation, headache, modification of the cranial-mandibular relations, psychological affectation. The prevalence of depressive manifestations was high (35.51%) and after the ibuprofen treatment in association with prosthetic treatment was completed decreased (at 23.36%) in the elderly subjects. In conclusion, the anti-inflamatory treatment followed by prosthetic treatment and also esthetical one determined the improved outcomes of the TMDs in elderly patients, not only in terms of pain and depression but also clinically, meaning at the TMJ function and in all the intraoral and facial as
Accelerated Corrosion Analysis of AlSi10Mg Alloy Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
Authors: Lancea Camil , Chicos Lucia Antoneta , Zaharia Sebastian Marian , Pop Mihai Alin , Semenescu Augustin , Florea Bogdan , Chivu Oana Roxana
Published: February 2020

The Selective Laser Melting (SLM) technology uses metal powders as building material which is melted and welded together using a high-power laser in order to obtain quick configuration of complex parts, most often for testing them. Another advantage of this method is the fact that allows obtaining any 3D geometry of the parts, even parts that cannot be processed through conventional manufacturing procedures. In this work were performed a number of tests for accelerated corrosion of AlSi10Mg alloy specimens in order to determine their mean life in the conditions of their use in a high salinity environment. For specimens, optical analysis was used the SEM microscope which has the advantage of obtaining an enlarged image of the investigated objects without processing. Following these analyses, it has been determined the mass loss of specimens due to corrosion.
Serum Aminotransferases and the Severity of Asthma
Authors: Rascu Agripina , Arghir Oana Cristina , Naghi Eugenia , Otelea Marina Ruxandra
Published: February 2020

The serum enzymes are ideal diagnostic or prediction markers. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), a mitochondrial and cytoplasmic enzyme, is one of the well-known markers of hepatic, myocardial or skeletal muscle cytolysis, while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) is mainly a hepatic cytoplasmic enzyme. The normal plasmatic values of AST and of ALT reflect a physiological cell turnover. Therefore, both high and low levels of serum liver enzymes might have a clinical significance. We have conducted a retrospective study targeting the association between the serum AST and ALT levels and the lung function impairment among patients with occupational asthma but without hepatic, cardiac, renal or muscular disorders. Our data show a significant relation (R = 0.54, p [0.05) between the parameters of obstructive ventilator syndrome and AST and ALT levels, respectively (R =0.42, p [0.05). If this relation is confirmed in prospective studies, serum AST and ALT could become useful markers in monitoring asthma patients.
Facile Synthesis of Curcumin and Curcuminoid-like Derivatives at Microwaves
Authors: Raduly Monica Florentina , Raditoiu Valentin , Raditoiu Alina , Wagner Luminita Eugenia , Amariutei Viorica , Darvaru Gabriela Ailiesei
Published: February 2020

Seven curcumin derivatives were synthesized by an ecological method, in a microwave field. The compounds obtained were purified and characterized by means of elemental analysis, UV-VIS, fluorescence, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Structure-property relationship in the b-diketone derivatives are discussed with respect to the structure and nature of the substituents for possible applications in optical sensors and luminescent materials.
Thermal Characterization of Resveratrol
Authors: Bancuta Oana Roxana , Chilian Andrei , Bancuta Iulian , Setnescu Radu , Setnescu Tanta , Ion Rodica Mariana
Published: February 2020

In this paper was studied effect of temperature on the trans-resveratrol till to total degradation by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and FT-IR spectroscopy. Using statistical methods, it was observed that trans-resveratrol is unstable to higher temperatures than 100 �C, even in the absence of light. However, at temperatures up to 70 � C, resveratrol was found to be enough stable for time periods as short as 30 min. Pearson correlations of absorbance values at 304 nm (characteristic for trans-resveratrol) and 286 nm (characteristic for cis-resveratrol) shown that no conversion of trans-resveratrol to cis resveratrol is produced at elevated experimental temperatures.
Determining the Biological Sealing Quality of the Implant-abutment Interface Using Streptococcus mutans in Both, Conical and Internal Hex Connections A comparative study
Authors: Hajaj Tareq , Talpos Serban , Stoian Caius , Negrutiu Meda Lavinia , Szuhanek Camelia , Popa Malina , Stan Adrian Tudor , Zaharia Cristian , Hajaj Karin Roxana , Licker Monica , Muntean Delia , Ianes Emilia , Sinescu Cosmin
Published: February 2020

Implants have been around for many years already, having a lot of advantages and high success rates, by some authors even higher than 90%. Nevertheless, throughout the years, problems and failures have occurred in practice which led to bone loss around the implants and even, in some cases, to losing the implant itself. The phenomenon behind this pathological process -peri-implantitis - is believed to be the microleakage which occurs at the implant-abutment interface.This happens due to the existence of a gap present between the implant and the prosthetic abutment. Moreover, the microleakage is amplified because of the, so called, pumo effect. The pump effect occurs when the crown-abutment complex is subjected to occlusal, vertical and oblique, forces. During these micro-movements of the abutment, the microleakage intensifies and the bacteria can easily enter inside the implant, where is impossible to reach and remove through oral hygiene, thus, creating the perfect conditions for peri-implantitis. There are two major types of implant-abutment connections widely used nowadays -internal hex and conical -which are believed to influence the phenomenon and, so, the outcome. In the present study, both types of connections are tested, using Streptococcus Mutans, a common bacteria found in the oral cavity.
Microencapsulation of Essential Oils
Authors: Enascuta Cristina Emanuela , Stepan Emil , Oprescu Elena Emilia , Radu Adrian , Alexandrescu Elvira , Stoica Rusandica , Epure Doru Gabriel , Niculescu Mihaela Doina
Published: February 2020

In this work thyme and coriander oil were encapsulated using complex coacervation microencapsulation technique.The influence of various microencapsulation parameters on encapsulation efficiency was investigated. The release characteristic of the essential oils from microcapsule was studied.
Immunohistochemistry Particularities of Retroperitoneal Tumors
Authors: Bratu Ovidiu Gabriel , Marcu Radu Dragos , Socea Bogdan , Neagu Tiberiu Paul , Diaconu Camelia Cristina , Scarneciu Ioan , Turcu Flavia Liliana , Radavoi George Daniel , Bratila Elvira , Berceanu Costin , Spinu Arsenie Dan
Published: February 2020

Retroperitoneal space is called sometimes no man�s land�and for a good reason: this is disputed anatomical territory for many surgical and medical specialties. Their wide histological diversity and unspecific clinical presentation make them a challenge for the surgeon. In order to improve their detection immunohistochemistry seems to show promising results. Methods of detection have evolved over time to identify as much as possible the histological type of tumor. Because of this extreme variability immunohistochemistry through its various markers is the one that often sets the definitive diagnosis, the simple histopathological examination being insufficient. This paper aims to highlight the main markers used in retroperitoneal tumors. As it can be seen there is a huge histologic areal for these tumors. Some have proven some of them still not. Given the fact that there is a tendency toward personalized therapy it is imperative to identify the histological type of tumor as soon as possible.
Use of Artificial Neural Network for Modeling and Prediction of Reactive Red Dye Removal from Wastewater Using Banana Peels Bio-sorbent
Authors: Kamar Firas Hashim , Niamat Farrah E. , Faisal Ayad A. H. , Mohammed Ahmed A. , Nechifor Aurelia Cristina , Nechifor Gheorghe
Published: February 2020

Bio-sorption of red dye from aqueous solutions onto banana peels was investigated. Effects of initial pH, bio-sorbent dose, initial concentration, contact time, and temperature were studied and they found of 3, 0.4 g/100 mL, 50 mg/L, 100 min and 298 K respectively with removal efficiency of 93.44%. Artificial neural network was used for prediction of adsorption efficiency and its outputs showed a better fit than other traditional isotherm models. The negative values of DG� and DH� indicate that the bio-sorption of red dye was favored and exothermic. The sensitivity analysis signified that the pH was the most influential variable.
A Design of Experiment Approach to the Synthesis of Alendronate-incorporated Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Stiolica Adina Turcu , Bubulica Maria Viorica , Nicolaescu Oana Elena , Croitoru Octavian , Popescu Mariana , Manda Valentin Costel , Simionescu Andreea , Neamtu Johny
Published: February 2020

A design of experiment (DoE) approach is presented for the optimization of Alendronate-hydroxyapatite nanoparticles� synthesis. The synthesis was performed using the chemical precipitation technique from calcium nitrate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate and alendronate. Synthesis temperature, reactant addition rate and ripening time were chosen as the most relevant experimental factors for our synthesis. Design of Experiments was used in order to measure these conclusive process parameters and their effect on controlling some final nanoparticles parameters, such us: alendronate incorporation efficiency (IncorporationEfficiency, %), hydroxyapatite crystallite size (Size_XRD, nm), hydroxyapatite particle size distribution (Size_DLS, �). Our study found that better HA-AL incorporation efficiency and small nonoparticles can be obtained using the following chemical process parameters: reaction temperature 30oC or smaller, ripening time 108h and addition rate 0.1mol/min. The analysis of more than one nanoparticles characteristics was possible using DoE software, MODDE 9.1. Thus, hydroxyapatite-alendronate incorporation efficiency should be expected to increase with decreasing temperature below 300C, increasing the maturate time at least 108h, at an addition rate of 0.1mol/min, in an N2 atmosphere. The same conditions will ensure nanoparticles small size that would be more desirable for the application of implants.
Efficacy of Negative Pressure Therapy (NPWT) in the Management of Wounds of Different Etiologies
Authors: Pertea Mihaela , Velenciuc Natalia , Poroch Vladimir , Ciobanu Petru , Boanca Mihaela , Grosu Oxana Madalina , Lunca Sorinel
Published: February 2020

The objective was to assess the role of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in the management of wounds of various etiologies, infected or not, acute or chronic. The study was conducted in a group of 37 patients (24 men and 13 women) aged 26 to 86 years with acute or chronic wounds, posttraumatic or due to chronic diseases located on the lower limbs or following oncological abdominal surgery. In all cases a Vacuum Assisted Closure (VAC) system was continuously applied using a subatmospheric pressure ranging from 90 to 120 mmHg. Beside sex, age and etiology of soft tissue defect the following parameters were studied: surgical treatment performed prior to NPWT application, frequency of dressing changes, duration of NPWT, level of subatmospheric pressure used in each case, number of hospital days, complications arising from NPWT use. The outcome was favorable in all cases without such complications as infection or bleeding, a perilesional erythema (contact dermatitis caused by the used adhesive tape) being noted in only 13.51% of cases. The average duration of NPWT was 8.1 days. The frequency of dressing changes was in most cases of 3 days (89.18%) with a group mean of 3.05 days, and the average applied negative pressure was -110.83 mmHg, range -90mmHg to -120 mm Hg. No complications requiring the interruption of NPWT use were recorded. NPWT, by stimulating wound constriction and granulation tissue formation is an option in the management of acute or chronic wounds of various etiologies, whether infected or not, resulting in a decrease in the number of surgeries and their complexity, length of hospital stay and, last but not least, reduced patient suffering.
Melatonin and Hyaluronic Acid Mixture as a Possible Therapeutic Agent in Dental Medicine
Authors: Cristache Corina Marilena , Eftimie Totu Eugenia , Petre Daniel , Buga Roxana , Cristache Gheorghe , Totu Tiberiu
Published: February 2020

The present work reports an efficient procedure for a simultaneous determination of melatonin (MEL) and hyaluronic acid (HA) mixture applying first derivative UV-Vis spectrophotometry. At selected wavelength (205 nm), the linearity range for each component of the mixture was established. The linear regression correlation coefficients for the direct UV-Vis spectra (RHA2 = 0.9627) and their first derivate (RHA2 = 0.9986) put in evidence a better fit for the derivative procedure. Through such simple analysis method, it was possible to emphasize that each component of MEL-HA mixture preserves its identity and characteristic properties. Consequently, the association of MEL and HA biomolecules could be used for obtaining a complex therapeutic agent with extensive applications in dental medicine.
Stentul JJ ureteral - care este optiunea mai buna? New Considerations Regarding Chronic Kidney Disease, Cardiovascular Disease and Dyslipidemia in Diabetic Patients
Authors: Munteanu Mircea , Apostol Adrian , Ivan Viviana
Published: February 2020

The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalance of chronic kidney disease (CKD), of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and dyslipidemia in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). We conducted a prospective, controlled study involving 420 diabetic patients (120 T1DM, 300 T2DM) and investigate the following aspects: the presence of vascular complications (stroke, coronary artery disease, peripheral artery disease), lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides), kidney function (glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria), blood pressure, HbA1C. The results that in diabetic patients with CKD there is an increased prevalence of CVD and of dislipidemia. Also we noticed a negative correlation between total cholesterol level and decease in eGFR in all patients, with or without CKD.
Chitosan-based Magnetic Composites - Efficient Adsorbents for Removal of Pb(II) and Cu(II) from Aqueous Mono and Bicomponent Solutions
Authors: Culita Daniela C. , Simonescu Claudia Maria , Patescu Rodica Elena , Stanica Nicolae
Published: February 2020

A series of three chitosan-based magnetic composites was prepared through a simple coprecipitation method. It was investigated the influence of mass ratio between chitosan and magnetite on the physical and chemical properties of the composites in order to establish the optimum conditions for obtaining a composite with good adsorption capacity for Pb(II) and Cu(II) from mono and bicomponent aqueous solutions. It was found that the microspheres prepared using mass ratio chitosan / magnetite 1.25/1, having a saturation magnetization of 15 emu g--1, are the best to be used as adsorbent for the metal ions. The influence of different parameters such as initial pH values, contact time, initial concentration of metal ions, on the adsorption of Pb(II) and Cu(II) onto the chitosan-based magnetic adsorbent was investigated in details. The adsorption process fits the pseudo-second-order kinetic model in both mono and bicomponent systems, and the maximum adsorption capacities calculated on the basis of the Langmuir model were 79.4 mg g--1 for Pb(II) and 48.5 mg g--1 for Cu(II) in monocomponent systems, while in bicomponent systems were 88.3 and 49.5 mg g--1, respectively. The results revealed that the as prepared chitosan-based magnetic adsorbent can be an effective and promising adsorbent for Pb(II) and Cu(II) from mono and bicomponent aqueous solutions.
Influence of the Process for Obtaining Massive Amorphous Materials on the Defects of the Structure in the Alloy Fe61+xCo10-xY8W1B20 , where x = 0 or 1
Authors: Nabialek Marcin , Jez Bartlomiej , Jez Kinga
Published: February 2020

As part of the work, a rapid cooled alloy was produced with the chemical composition Fe61+xCo10-xY8W1B20, where: x = 0 or 1 using two methods, suction in and injecting the molten alloy into the copper mold. The material was obtained in the form of 10 mm x 5 mm x 0.5 mm plates. Studies on the structure of the obtained alloys were carried out using X-ray diffraction. Obtained X-ray diffraction images are typical for amorphous materials. Using the vibration magnetometer, static magnetic hysteresis loops and primary magnetization curves were measured. The produced samples are characterized by a saturation value above 1T and a coercive field value below 200 A/m. Based on the theory of H. Kronm�ller, numerical analysis of the curves of the original magnetization was carried out. It has been found that the process of magnetizing the produced materials has defects of the amorphous structure in the form of pseudo-location dipoles and free volumes. In addition, the spin wave stiffness parameter was determined.
High diversity of Diaporthe species associated with pear shoot canker in China
Authors: Guo Y.S. , Crous P.W. , Bai Q. , Fu M. , Yang M.M. , Wang X.H. , Du Y.M. , Hong N. , Xu W.X. , Wang G.P.
Published: February 2020

Species of Diaporthe (syn. Phomopsis) are important endophytes, saprobes and pathogens, infecting a wide range of plants and resulting in important crop diseases. However, the species occurring on pear remain largely unresolved. In this study, a total of 453 Diaporthe
isolates were obtained from branches of Pyrus plants (including P. bretschneideri, P. communis, P. pyrifolia and P. ussuriensis collected from 12 provinces in China) showing shoot canker symptoms. Phylogenetic analyses based on five loci (ITS, TEF,
CAL, HIS, and TUB) coupled with morphology of 113 representative isolates revealed that 19 Diaporthe species were isolated, representing 13 known species (including D. caryae, D. cercidis, D. citrichinensis, D. eres, D. fusicola,
D. ganjae, D. hongkongensis, D. padina, D. pescicola, D. sojae, D. taoicola, D. unshiuensis and D. velutina) and six new species described here as D. acuta, D. chongqingensis, D. fulvicolor, D. parvae, D.
spinosa and D. zaobaisu. Although Koch's postulates confirmed all species to be pathogenic, a high degree of variation in aggressiveness was observed. Moreover, these species have a high diversity, plasticity, and prevalence related to the geographical location and pear species
involved.
THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION THROUGH HUMAN POTENTIAL MIGRATION REDISTRIBUTION AND INVESTMENT PROCESS
Authors: Podra Olha , Kurii Liliia , Alkema Victor , Levkiv Halyna , Dorosh Oleh
Published: February 2020

Our research is devoted to the investigation of theoretical aspects of human capital formation through human potential migration redistribution and investment process. This topic was chosen because in the modern conditions human potential development becomes one of basic factors of the competitiveness and economic growing of countries. Migration redistribution becomes an effective mean of indemnification of human potential losses, gives additional possibilities to its development financing, quantitative increase and additional innovative changes in the context of information society and knowledge-based economy development. The detailed analysis of the human potential development and implementation on the global labor market, the emergence of the migration cycle, and process of human potential transformation to capital that is able to provide the socio-economic and individual effects receiving was conducted in the article. Results of this study have theoretical and practical significance. They can be used as a basis for further scientific studies in this field and can be used by state institution in the direction of strategic management of human resources through the human potential migration redistribution and investment process that implies expansion of investment instruments, market infrastructure subjects development all this may provide the reception of material or status effects as a result of human potential capitalization in the labour market.
Two new species of Dendrophthora (Viscaceae) from the Venezuelan Andes
Authors: Canelón Daniela S. , Niño Santos M. , Dorr Laurence J. , Caraballo-Ortiz Marcos A.
Published: February 2020

Two new species of Dendrophthora Eichler (Viscaceae) from northwestern Venezuela are described and illustrated. Both mistletoes, D. apiculata Canelón et al., sp. nov. and D. coronata Canelón et al., sp. nov., are confined to subpáramo and páramo ecosystems of the Venezuelan Andes and are, at present, only known from Guaramacal National Park (Portuguesa and Trujillo states). Ecological aspects and possible taxonomic affinities are discussed. A distribution map also is presented.
Media education, TIC education: some reflections from Latin America
Authors: Cortés-de-Cervantes Patricia
Published: February 2020

Nowadays young people live in two very different worlds: one which is related to school and one which is related to the streets and the day-to-day life. Then, we can speak about two ways of education: a formal education that is ruled at schools and University, and an informal education that children learn out of the school. In this paper, we will focus on this relevant problem which causes many reflections and hopes on the future of Latin American education, in both formal and non formal contexts.

La expansión de las TIC en la mayor parte de las regiones del mundo y, particularmente, en América Latina nos conduce a reflexionar seriamente sobre el papel de la educación en el tercer milenio. Especialmente de una educación para los medios, de una educación para las TIC que, pese a los esfuerzos realizados, continúa estando ausente en las aulas. En el presente artículo se ponen en relieve algunos elementos que podrían tomarse en cuenta dentro de una reflexión pedagógico-comunicacional basada en la unión entre los saberes formales e informales, transdisciplinaria, valorizada y con fundamentos teóricos autónomos que partan de una visión antropológica filosófica.
Women´s images in «Telva», a women´s magazine
Authors: Roca-i-Sales Meritxell
Published: February 2020

Taking the field of specialized press as a starting point, this study aims at determining and understanding the mechanisms of representation employed by the press for women, also known as women´s magazines and women´s pages. Stereotypes, understood as a representation tool, determine the actual models and icones for women in women´s magazines, and besides, permit comparison with the real situation of the contemporary Spanish woman. This paper also argues about the correspondence between media stereotypes and social stereotypes used in the interviews published by «Telva» in almost 40 years.

Tomando como punto de partida el campo de la prensa especializada, este estudio trata de determinar y de estudiar los mecanismos de representación usados por la prensa para mujeres o prensa femenina. Los estereotipos, entendidos como una herramienta de representación, determinan los actuales modelos e iconos de género en la prensa femenina y, a su vez, permiten la comparación con la situación real de la mujer española contemporánea. Este artículo también versa sobre la correspondencia entre los estereotipos mediáticos y los estereotipos sociales usados en las entrevistas publicadas en «Telva» durante casi 40 años.
The outdated Disney world: A proposal of critical analysis to work on at school
Authors: Digón-Regueiro Patricia
Published: February 2020

The image of innocence and the defence of moral values that Disney company sells make any attempt of a critical analysis of products such as Disney cartoon movies quite difficult. However, Disney culture fills up our lives aiming not only at entertaining but also educating us in some clearly conservative values. In this paper, stereotypes and values transmitted by these media products are reviewed and a specific proposal of analysis to work on at schools is presented.

La imagen de inocencia y defensa de la moral que nos vende la megacompañía Disney dificulta un análisis crítico de productos como las películas Disney de dibujos animados. Sin embargo, la cultura Disney impregna nuestras vidas buscando no sólo entretener sino también educar en determinados valores claramente conservadores. En este artículo se revisan los estereotipos y valores que se transmiten en estos productos mediáticos y se presenta una propuesta de análisis concreta para trabajar en la escuela.
Sociohistoire des enjeux de la collaboration médico-pédagogique : des commissions d’orientation de l’éducation spéciale aux équipes pluridisciplinaires d’évaluation (1909-2018)
Authors: Laville Matthieu , Mazereau Philippe
Published: February 2020

La collaboration médico-pédagogique concernant l’éducation des enfants hors normes fait partie des injonctions récurrentes faites aux professionnels par les instances politiques et administratives. L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier cette question sous l’angle des dispositifs technico-administratifs d’orientation des élèves qui se sont succédé depuis le début du XX e  siècle. Nous l’abordons dans le cadre d’une approche socio-historique des politiques publiques scolaires tout en construisant des ponts avec la sociologie de l’action publique. Notre démarche s’appuie sur des travaux de recherche et d’archives qui permettent d’historiciser les aléas de cette collaboration, en partant du fonctionnement des premières commissions médico-pédagogiques originellement prévues à l’école par législateur de 1909. Il s’agit ensuite d’en cerner les ressorts institutionnels, corporatistes et savants dans leurs agencements successifs et localisés. Cette perspective conduit enfin à discuter la portée explicative du concept de médicalisation.
Réapprendre l'espace après la migration
Authors: Portilla Ana
Published: February 2020

Résumé À partir du cas d’immigrés latino-américains installés en Californie, cet article met en lumière le rôle primordial de l’espace dans les socialisations postmigratoires. Il compare les rapports à l’espace des membres de deux groupes d’interconnaissance appartenant à différentes fractions des classes populaires immigrées du quartier de Fruitvale, à Oakland. L’article analyse d’abord les conditions dans lesquelles émergent des usages et représentations différenciées de l’espace environnant, en soulignant notamment le rôle des origines sociales et du genre, ainsi que des configurations familiales au pays d’accueil. Les appartenances sociales, les dynamiques de groupe, et les ressources matérielles dont disposent les enquêtés à leur arrivée aux États-Unis conditionnent ainsi les manières dont ces hommes et ces femmes « apprennent » la ville après l’émigration, à s’y déplacer et à valoriser ou dévaloriser ses sous-espaces. Le quartier opère plus largement et à long terme dans les schèmes mentaux comme le cadre de référence à partir duquel se constituent des manières d’investir et de voir la ville, à l’aune duquel ces immigrés se situent spatialement et socialement. Finalement, l’article montre comment ces socialisations divergentes à l’espace participent à la production de différents styles de vie caractéristiques des inégalités qui traversent les classes populaires immigrées installées de longue date aux États-Unis.
Quand la « solidarité de droit » et la « solidarité d’engagement » s’entrelacent
Authors: Rurka Anna
Published: February 2020

Cet article propose de montrer la complémentarité substantielle entre la « solidarité de droit » et la « solidarité d’engagement » à travers l’exemple des deux réclamations collectives introduites dans le cadre du Protocole additionnel à la Charte sociale européenne. Il décrit le processus par lequel les organisations internationales non gouvernementales ( oing ) conduisent l’État à rendre conformes leurs politiques à la Charte sociale européenne révisée du Conseil de l’Europe. L’accent plus spécifique est mis sur deux réclamations collectives adressées par le Comité européen d’action spécialisée pour l’enfant et la famille dans leur milieu de vie ( eurocef ) : l’une concernant la suspension des allocations familiales en cas d’absentéisme scolaire, en application des lois du 28 septembre 2010 et du 24 mars 2011 (actuellement abrogées) ; et une autre, plus récente, montrant que la France ne remplit pas ses engagements à l’égard des mineurs étrangers non accompagnés séjournant sur son territoire. L’article ouvre la réflexion sur l’utilisation de la procédure des réclamations dans le domaine du travail social, par son secteur associatif.
« Une réponse accompagnée pour tous », la solidarité d’engagement en pratique
Authors: Drobi Marina
Published: February 2020

Conçue pour corriger les insuffisances du système d’accompagnement des parcours des personnes en situation de handicap, la démarche « Une réponse accompagnée pour tous » se déploie au moment même où la Convention internationale des droits des personnes handicapées devient la référence incontournable des politiques nationales. Son approche globale des besoins des personnes, son ancrage territorial ainsi que l’accent mis sur l’effectivité des droits et le renforcement du pouvoir d’agir en font un vecteur du passage à la solidarité d’engagement dans le champ du handicap. Le premier retour d’expériences territoriales témoigne d’évolutions profondes portées par le principe de responsabilité collective. En effet, seule la mobilisation de tous – pouvoirs publics, associations, professionnels, personnes elles-mêmes et leurs proches – peut permettre de relever plusieurs défis posés par cette démarche, et notamment celui d’approche inclusive qui doit guider aujourd’hui tout projet d’accompagnement. C’est loin d’être acquis car il s’agit d’un changement culturel considérable qu’il est nécessaire d’accompagner dans la durée.
L’ESS et le travail social : les nouvelles convergences entre deux conceptions de la solidarité
Authors: Jaeger Marcel
Published: February 2020

Le travail social et l’économie sociale et solidaire sont nés de préoccupations semblables et affichent les mêmes finalités : favoriser la cohésion sociale dans une conception démocratique de la société, renforcer les formes de solidarité qui s’expriment déjà dans les relations entre les personnes. Cependant, ces deux approches se sont développées séparément, ont donné naissance à des dispositifs d’intervention distincts, ont suscité des conceptions différentes de la professionnalisation des acteurs, voire se sont adressés à des acteurs différents. Aujourd’hui, les convergences entre les deux approches de la solidarité se traduisent par une évolution des représentations dont les différents acteurs sont porteurs, par des initiatives et par des formations communes, mais aussi par de nouvelles orientations des politiques publiques.
Du travail social à l’économie sociale et solidaire
Authors: Laville Jean-Louis
Published: February 2020

Les représentations de l’économie sociale et solidaire ( ess ) chez les travailleurs sociaux sont très contrastées. Certains s’en prévalent pour accélérer une évolution entrepreneuriale des structures qu’ils dirigent dans le secteur social et médico-social ; ils s’opposent à ceux qui y voient une managérialisation de l’action sociale. Mais d’autres encore considèrent que l’inscription dans l’ ess peut faciliter l’évolution vers une plus grande participation des usagers, favorisant une démocratisation de l’intervention sociale. Cette contribution cherche à expliquer cette confusion par le fait que l’ ess est un compromis stratégique et politique. Cette alliance utile dans le rapport de forces avec les politiques publiques ne doit pas faire oublier l’existence de deux théories distinctes, celle de l’économie sociale et celle de l’économie solidaire. La référence implicite à l’une ou l’autre explique largement les différences qui s’expriment. Il importe donc de préciser les implications de chacune d’entre elles.
Cybercrime
Authors: Thangamuthu Poongodi , Rathee Anu , Palanimuthu Suresh , Balusamy Balamurugan
Published: February 2020

Cybercrime is a computer-oriented crime where offences are committed against an individual person or group of persons with a criminal intention to harm the victim either physically or psychologically, directly or indirectly, using IT devices via internet. It may threaten an individual or a financial health and even a nation's security by intercepting or disclosing the confidential information. The various forms of cybercrime are phishing, identity theft, hacking websites, spreading terrorism, distributing child pornography, etc. Cybercrime does not require any higher-level technical knowledge but only sufficient financial support to perform the unethical process. The current demand for malware creation exceeds three times the supply, and now, new tools are arriving with the concept of “malware as a service.” The deep web is the invisible web that paves the way for various criminal activities like weapon trading, cybercrime, and drugs.
Grey Zone Conflicts in Cyber Domain
Authors: Can Muhammed
Published: February 2020

In recent years, controversial concepts like post-truth, truth decay, political technology, and blurred nature of reality have become more complex around the world. Perhaps, a most important manifestation of these concepts could be discerned in grey zone conflicts. Confrontations in the grey zone are regarded neither peace nor war by the major powers. Russia, China, and Iran constantly use grey zone tools, notably disinformation campaigns, influence operations in social media through troll farms, information warfare, and cyber-attacks to sustain the balance of power/threat with Western countries. What makes these conflicts very significant is that they are cheaper and less risky for aggressor states given the disastrous consequences of the total wars. Furthermore, these malicious activities have unique impacts on political realities thanks to the common usage of social media and cyberspace. Thereby, this article argues the cyber frontier of grey zone conflicts and its possible effects to reality through the concept/analogy of hyperobjectivity and nonlocality.
Cybercrime and Private Health Data
Authors: Pitoglou Stavros , Giannouli Dimitra , Costarides Vassilia , Androutsou Thelma , Anastasiou Athanasios
Published: February 2020

As the adoption of electronic health records has reached unprecedented levels and continues to rise rapidly, the issue of criminal activity related with unauthorized patient data acquisition, black market distribution, and illegal exploitation/use becomes increasingly important. This article will provide a historical review of recorded data breaches that resulted in extensive patient data leaks as well as subsequent efforts of monetization via black market structures that utilize the anonymity and counter-tracking environment that the dark/deep web and cryptocurrency provide. It will also focus on the methods and tools used by the villains, the types of vulnerabilities that can result in a successful attack, as well as latest developments and future trends in the field of scientific, technical, and legal/regulatory countermeasures that can be employed in order to prevent sensitive health data from falling into the wrong hands.
An Overview (and Criticism) of Methods to Detect Fake Content Online
Authors: Badia Antonio
Published: February 2020

The recent controversy over ‘fake news' reminds us of one of the main problems on the web today: the utilization of social media and other outlets to distribute false and misleading content. The impact of this problem is very significant. This article discusses the issue of fake content on the web. First, it defines the problem and shows that, in many cases, it is surprisingly hard to establish when a piece of news is untrue. It distinguishes the issue of fake content from issues of hate/offensive speech (while there is a relation, the issues involved are a bit different). It then overviews proposed solutions to the problem of fake content detection, both algorithmic and human. On the algorithmic side, it focuses on work on classifiers. The chapter shows that most algorithmic approaches have significant issues, which has led to reliance on the human approach in spite of its known limitations (subjectivity, difficulty to scale). Finally, it closes with a discussion of potential future work.
The Politics of Social Media
Authors: Flores Joseph L.
Published: February 2020

This chapter explores a fundamental tension of social media by considering their socially reproductive and (potentially) transformative function. The claim is that while media and communication technologies have historically fueled both aspiration and fear of social change, their ability to shape societies are contingent on the specific social relations in which they operate. By investigating social media's economic practices, primarily platform capitalism, the reproductive relations that support user-generated content that influence platform's capabilities to reproduce and transform existing social contexts are examined. To illustrate this, political discourse via social media platforms have been used to argue that social media's current capitalist mode of production exemplifies an antagonism between exploitative/emancipatory tendencies and reproductive/transformative aspects, which are further articulated by a liberal ideology.
Social Networks, Media, and the Egyptian Revolution
Authors: El Gody Ahmed
Published: February 2020

The utilisation of social media in Egypt has irrevocably changed the nature of the traditional Egyptian public sphere. One can see the Egyptian online society as a multiplicity of networks. These networks have developed, transformed, and expanded over time, operating across all areas of life. Audiences started to utilise social media platforms providing detailed descriptions of Egyptian street politics, generating public interest and reinforcing citizen democracy. This trend changed the way audiences consumed news, with media organisations starting to expand their presence online so that, as well as providing news content, they also provided audience a ‘space' to interact. This chapter establishes understanding on the role of social media in developing an Egyptian networked public sphere. Further, the chapter discusses the role social media plays in post 2011 revolution democratisation process. This study employed qualitative ethnography (nethnography) and network analysis on 20 Egyptian news and social media newspapers and websites to monitor online deliberation.
Will Microblogs Shape China's Civil Society Under President's Xi's Surveillance State?
Authors: Yang Kenneth C. C. , Kang Yowei
Published: February 2020

Western scholars have previously predicted Weibo and social media will provide Chinese netizens with an opportunity to foster its nascent civil society. However, the growing applications of surveillance technologies have challenged this rosy, yet deterministic prediction. This chapter argues that Jürgen Habermas's concept of public sphere is less likely to function properly, given the pervasive applications of surveillance technologies in China, which has fundamentally challenge its many assumptions. Using Habermas's analytical framework that is used to better comprehend the role of social media in Chinese politics, the authors argue that information technologies turn out to deteriorate the formation and maintenance of a public sphere for Chinese civil society. The authors employ a case study to examine the interrelations among social media, surveillance technologies, civil society, state power, economic development, political process, and democratization in China as demonstrated in Hong Kong's Anti-Extradition Law Protests.
Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater
Authors: Oke Isaiah Adesola , Salihu Lukman , A. Aladesanmi Temitope , Oluwaseun Fehintola Ezekiel , Justinah Amoko S. , Oloyede Hammed O.
Published: February 2020

This chapter presents an overview of over 529 articles on designs, models, laboratory setups, and applications of electrochemical processes from 1973 to 2017 with particular attention paid to the removal of emerging environmental pollutants. The chapter demonstrates that electrochemical and advanced oxidation processes are efficient despite the economic implications of the technologies. The electrodes in use arranged from monopolar to bipolar mode, which varies from the electroplating baths, recalcitrant organic contaminants, and eluates of an ion-exchange unit and the number of electrodes in a stack to a variant of rotating cathode cell. Application of the process can be in the form of a static anode and a rotating disk cathode. The narrow spacing between the electrodes in the pump cells allow the entrance of the effluent and effective wastewater treatment. It was concluded that electrochemical treatment techniques have a variety of laboratory setups and a wider range of applications.
Improved Methodology to Detect Advanced Persistent Threat Attacks
Authors: Ambika N.
Published: February 2020

Cybersecurity is essentials in today's era. An increase in cyberattacks has driven caution to safeguard data. An advanced persistent attack is an attack where the intellectual property of an organization is attempted to be misused. The attacker stays on the network for a long-time intruding into confidential files. The attacker switches into sleep mode, masking himself. Hence, the attacker is quite difficult to trace. The proposed work is suggested to tackle the problem. Public key cryptography is used to encrypt the data. The hash code is affixed to the transmitted message to provide reliability to the transmitted data. The work proves to be 4.9% stronger in authenticating the received packets, provides 4.42% greater data reliability, and decreases the load of the server by 43.5% compared to work.
African Politics and Governance
Authors: Musitha Mavhungu Elias
Published: February 2020

This chapter argued that Africa had its own form of government before colonialism. Traditional authorities formed the type of government and promoted rural development. Traditional leaders promoted the welfare of the rural people until the arrival of colonialism. Long after the end of colonialism and the introduction of democratic dispensation, rural people are turning to traditional leaders because elected leaders are failing to understand the dynamics of rural people. Many studies argue for the dual governance of traditional leadership and elected leadership governance to benefit of the rural people. Empirical evidence in Vhembe District revealed that traditional leaders were still relevant in the democratic dispensation.
Maximising the Use of Environmental and Cultural Resources for Community-Led Entrepreneurship Development in Rural South Africa
Authors: Mafukata Mavhungu Abel
Published: February 2020

Limpopo is one of the poorest provinces in South Africa. This state of poverty is despite the province's potential to be self-supportive from its well-endowed natural and cultural heritage resources. This chapter argues that commercialisation of these resources could promote sustainable community-led entrepreneurship and local economic development. This chapter hypothesises that there is an economic linkage between the environment and local economic development as GebreMichael and Waters-Bayer found in Tigray Region, Ethiopia. A plethora of emerging literature on local economic and entrepreneurship development reveal that there was considerable linkage between commercialization of these resources and sustainable entrepreneurship and local economic development. This chapter locates itself in the context of “Rural Development” and would be anchored on Monaheng's theorisation on development; the technocratic, the radical, and the reformist approaches.
Spatial Immersion and Human Interaction
Authors: Wang Shaojung Sharon
Published: February 2020

This study investigated how Pokémon GO play may integrate players' gaming experiences and physical environments to facilitate spatial-human immersions in psychologically meaningful ways. Two age groups that represent generational players were further compared. A survey of 1031 players found that co-presence was positively associated with game enjoyment and game involvement, and nostalgia was positively associated with game enjoyment. The mediation effect of nostalgia on game involvement through game enjoyment was significant and game involvement completely mediated the relationship between game enjoyment and place attachment. In the 35 years and older age group, the direct effect of nostalgia on game involvement and the indirect effect of nostalgia on game involvement through game enjoyment were both significant. Theoretical implications on linking spatial relationships and the process of movement in the immersive AR environment and connecting the media experiences from one's formative youth period to the world of technological advances are elaborated.
A Modified Binary Crow Search Algorithm for Solving the Graph Coloring Problem
Authors: Meraihi Yassine , Mahseur Mohammed , Acheli Dalila
Published: February 2020

The graph coloring problem (GCP) is a well-known classical combinatorial optimization problem in graph theory. It is known to be an NP-Hard problem, so many heuristic algorithms have been employed to solve this problem. This article proposes a modified binary crow search algorithm (MBCSA) to solve the graph coloring problem. First, the binary crow search algorithm is obtained from the original crow search algorithm using the V-shaped transfer function and the discretization method. Second, we use chaotic maps to choose the right values of the flight length (FL) and the awareness probability (AP). Third, we adopt the Gaussian distribution method to replace the random variables used for updating the position of the crows. The aim of these contributions is to avoid the premature convergence to local optima and ensure the diversity of the solutions. To evaluate the performance of our algorithm, we use the well-known DIMACS benchmark graph coloring instances. The simulation results reveal the efficiency of our proposed algorithm in comparison with other existing algorithms in the literature.