bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vocabulary complexity and reading and listening comprehension of various physics genres
Authors: Vuković Stamatović Milica
Published: September 2019

This study sheds light on the vocabulary complexity of various physics genres and how it affects reading and listening comprehension of the science of physics. We analysed the vocabulary frequency profile of seven physics genres: research articles, textbooks, lectures, magazines, popular books, TV documentaries and TED talks, to determine the presence of general-purpose, academic and technical vocabulary in them, as well as their vocabulary level and variation. The main research question was whether the vocabulary level of these genres could pose an impediment to typical native and non-native speakers of English in terms of their reading/listening comprehension, and, in general, how accessible these genres are vocabulary-wise. The results suggest that typical native speakers will struggle reading physics research and magazine articles, whereas typical non-native speakers will not read/listen to any of the genres at an optimal level, but will be able to read/listen to four of them at an acceptable level.
Patterns of Visibility, Intervisibility and Invisibility at Bronze Age Apesokari (Crete)
Authors: Déderix Sylviane
Published: September 2019

Tholos A at Apesokari (south-central Crete, Greece) was constructed on a sloping ledge of bedrock, overlooking the Mesara Plain below. Such an inconvenient topographic setting makes Tholos A an unusual example in the corpus of Minoan circular tombs, which were more commonly built on flatter ground. The builders seem to have cared greatly about placing Tholos A precisely at this location, even at the risk of jeopardizing the stability of its circular chamber. Furthermore, due to limited space availability, the annex rooms of Tholos A had to be built at a higher level on the bedrock, resulting in an architectural configuration unparalleled in other circular tombs. This paper addresses the question of why this particular location was chosen for the construction of Tholos A. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) are used to examine the possibility that concerns related to visibility, intervisibility or invisibility may have played a role in the decision to build Tholos A at this particular spot. Five potential scenarios are formulated and tested to assess whether the tomb may have been placed with the intention of maximizing its visibility and ensuring (or, to the contrary, preventing) intervisibility with specific features in the local landscape.
An inter-comparison of isotopic composition of neon via chemical assays and thermal analyses (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Steur Peter P. M. , Yang Inseok , Kim Jin Seog , Nakano Tohru , Nagao Keisuke , Pavese Franco
Published: September 2019

In 2003–2014, a study on the effect of isotopic composition on the triple point temperature of neon was conducted under the framework of a Project involving laboratories from 11 countries. Natural neon from commercial sources of different isotopic composition, high-purity 20Ne and 22Ne isotopes, and certified artificial isotopic mixtures were used. The thermometric studies comprised: a) a total of 131 analytical assays from 3 laboratories on the isotopic composition of samples taken from 31 different bottles of neon with chemical gas purity 99.99 mol % to 99.9995+ mol %, including chemical impurities for some samples, with up to 12 assays per sample; b) multi-laboratory thermal analyses, with accuracies ranging up to better than 50 μK (k≈2), on 39 samples, almost all permanently sealed in metal cells, for the determination of the liquidus-point temperature of the triple point as a function of isotopic composition. The thermometric studies also constitute an international inter-comparison of thermal and analytical assays on the isotopic composition—and occasionally of the chemical impurities—of neon. These tests are critically needed for top-accuracy thermometry. The main results of the inter-comparison of the various chemical assays, and of the comparisons between the assays and the results of thermal analyses, are reported. They show discrepancies in x(20,21,22Ne), especially for x(22Ne), in ‘natural’ neon, for the same gas bottle, equivalent to an uncertainty of up to 165 μK (k = 1) in the triple point temperature, as measured by all testing laboratories, and of about 100 μK (k = 1) as measured from a single testing laboratory. This is an unsatisfactory situation for thermometry, since it is difficult to obtain a reliable and accurate isotopic assay for neon, thus limiting the accuracy of the realisation of the neon triple point temperature as a ITS-90 reference point to well above 50 μK. However, it also discloses a strong limitation in the relevant analytical chemistry.
Forschen für die Tonne? – Die Research-Waste-Problematik
Authors: Hachmann Janna
Published: September 2019

Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick über die Research-Waste-Problematik, worunter Forschungsanstrengungen verstanden werden, die nicht zu neuen Erkenntnissen und somit einem gesellschaftlichen Nutzen beitragen. Die Verantwortlichen, Hauptursachen und diskutierten Lösungsvorschläge werden vorgestellt.
NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery in Young and Older Adults: Reliability and Relationship to Adiposity and Physical Activity
Authors: Cole Keith R. , Yen Chu-Ling , Dudley-Javoroski Shauna , Shields Richard K.
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose:

Executive function in normal aging may be modulated by body habitus and adiposity, both factors modified by physical therapist prescriptions. This study measured between-day reliability of executive function metrics in young and older individuals and examined associations between cognition, adiposity, and physical activity.

Methods:

Forty-three young and 24 older participants underwent executive function assessment via the National Institutes of Health Toolbox Cognition Battery (Dimensional Change Card Sort, Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention [Flanker], and List Sorting Working Memory [List Sorting]) at 7-day intervals. Between-day reliability was assessed via intraclass correlation (ICC). Responsiveness was assessed via between-day effect size and Cohen's d. Forward stepwise linear regression examined associations between cognition and age, body mass index, percent body fat, and a self-report measure of physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form).

Results and Discussion:

Executive function scores were higher for young participants than for older participants (all P < .002), consistent with typical age-related cognitive decline. Reliability of cognitive metrics was higher for older participants (ICC = 0.483-0.917) than for young participants (ICC = 0.386-0.730). Between-day effect sizes were approximately 50% smaller for older participants. Percent body fat significantly correlated with the Flanker Unadjusted Scale (P = .004, R
2 = 0.0772). Neither vigorous nor total physical activity correlated with any cognitive metric.

Conclusions:

Older participants demonstrated greater between-day reliability for executive function measures, while young participants showed greater capacity to improve performance upon repeat exposure to a cognitive test (especially Flanker). Percent body fat correlated significantly with Flanker scores, while body mass index (an indirect measure of body fat) did not. Self-reported physical activity did not correlate with executive function. Cognitive response to physical therapist–prescribed exercise is a fertile ground for future research.
Prolonged acidosis is a feature of SGLT2i-induced euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Rafey Mohammed Faraz , Butt Arslan , Coffey Barry , Reddington Lisa , Devitt Aiden , Lappin David , Finucane Francis M
Published: September 2019

We describe two cases of SGLT2i-induced euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis, which took longer than we anticipated to treat despite initiation of our DKA protocol. Both patients had an unequivocal diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, had poor glycaemic control with a history of metformin intolerance and presented with relatively vague symptoms post-operatively. Neither patient had stopped their SGLT2i pre-operatively, but ought to have by current treatment guidelines.

Learning points:

SGLT2i-induced EDKA is a more protracted and prolonged metabolic derangement and takes approximately twice as long to treat as hyperglycaemic ketoacidosis.

Surgical patients ought to stop SGLT2i medications routinely pre-operatively and only resume them after they have made a full recovery from the operation.

While the mechanistic basis for EDKA remains unclear, our observation of marked ketonuria in both patients suggests that impaired ketone excretion may not be the predominant metabolic lesion in every case.

Measurement of insulin, C-Peptide, blood and urine ketones as well as glucagon and renal function at the time of initial presentation with EDKA may help to establish why this problem occurs in specific patients.
Elucidating the Molecular Determinants of Aβ Aggregation with Deep Mutational Scanning
Authors: Gray Vanessa E , Sitko Katherine , Kameni Floriane Z Ngako , Williamson Miriam , Stephany Jason J , Hasle Nicholas , Fowler Douglas M
Published: September 2019

Despite the importance of Aβ aggregation in Alzheimer’s disease etiology, our understanding of the sequence determinants of aggregation is sparse and largely derived from in vitro studies. For example, in vitro proline and alanine scanning mutagenesis of Aβ40 proposed core regions important for aggregation. However, we lack even this limited mutagenesis data for the more disease-relevant Aβ42. Thus, to better understand the molecular determinants of Aβ42 aggregation in a cell-based system, we combined a yeast DHFR aggregation assay with deep mutational scanning. We measured the effect of 791 of the 798 possible single amino acid substitutions on the aggregation propensity of Aβ42. We found that ∼75% of substitutions, largely to hydrophobic residues, maintained or increased aggregation. We identified 11 positions at which substitutions, particularly to hydrophilic and charged amino acids, disrupted Aβ aggregation. These critical positions were similar but not identical to critical positions identified in previous Aβ mutagenesis studies. Finally, we analyzed our large-scale mutagenesis data in the context of different Aβ aggregate structural models, finding that the mutagenesis data agreed best with models derived from fibrils seeded using brain-derived Aβ aggregates.
Avoir l’innovation à l’œil
Authors: Wroten Chris
Published: September 2019

Aujourd’hui, l’intelligence artificielle est tellement répandue dans la société que beaucoup de choses autrefois considérées comme révolutionnaires ne sont même plus associées à l’IA.   Si nous examinons en rétrospective certains jalons marquants de l’IA et la signification de quelques termes de base, nous pourrons mieux comprendre plusieurs projets actuels d’IA en matière de soins oculovisuels.
Portrait of the profession according to millenials
Authors: Lussier Claudine
Published: September 2019

The Optometric Leaders Forum (OLF), held in late January, is THE annual gathering of leaders from associations, provincial associations and Canadian schools of optometry. It is a good opportunity for taking stock of the current practice and identifying emerging trends. In order to obtain a snapshot of the situation, the Canadian Association of Optometrists (CAO) conducted two surveys. One was done among optometry students from the Montreal and Waterloo schools, and the other was done among young optometrists from 2013 to 2017. The respondents were therefore millennials aged 21 to 37. We compare students’ ideals to the reality of young graduates in a context of full employment.
THE PROBLEM OF APPLICATION OF THE LEGISLATION ON CONSIDERATION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE INFRINGEMENT TO THE COURT
Authors: Vorobiei Ye. S. , Kobrusieva Ye. A. , Fedorishchev S. S.
Published: September 2019

The article deals with issues of disrespect to the court and the problems of the application of legislation aimed at preventing and terminating this phenomenon. Proposals for elimination of certain shortcomings of the current legislation are given. The approaches of scholars to the definition of “contempt of court” are analyzed and what enforcement measures are applied in accordance with the current legislation in case of committing administrative offenses of this category.
The authors emphasize that today in the legislation of Ukraine there is no separate normative legal act that would determine the complete list of acts that fall under the definition of “disrespect to the court” and the range of responsible ones. It is shown that contempt
of the court may be manifested both in the form of active actions and in the form of inactivity. Thus, active actions indicating disrespect for the court include the failure of the witness, the victim, the plaintiff, the defendant and other citizens to order the presiding judge, the violation of the order in the court, as well as the commission of any actions that indicate an obvious neglect of the court or established in court rules.
The forms of inactivity include the absence of participants in the trial in court, which is one of the main reasons for the breach by the courts of Ukraine of time-limits for the consideration of cases of different categories by the courts of Ukraine. In general, the spread of disrespect to the court, the avoidance of guilty parties legal liability for such an offense, the lack of adequate premises for the courts, etc., lead to a failure by the Ukrainian state to fulfill its obligations to ensure the right to a fair trial.
It is concluded that the state of respect for the courts and judges in Ukraine, in particular, is generally negative in Ukraine.
The existing provisions of national law governing liability for disrespect to the court have rather modest forms of punishment. Therefore, in our opinion, it is expedient to further elaborate the outlined issues for a clear definition of the notion of “disrespect for the court” and the introduction of the rules of conduct of citizens in court common to all courts.
CONTENTS AND SYSTEM OF EXPERT ACTIVITY IN THE FIELD OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGIES: DEFINITION PROBLEMS
Authors: Korniiko S. M.
Published: September 2019

The article is devoted to the definition of the content and the system of expert activity in the field of computer technologies, which is based on the results of determining the general system of expert activity. Expert activity should be understood as the implementation by authorized agents on the basis of special knowledge in the field of science, technology, art, crafts, etc. Studies of objects, phenomena and processes in order to provide scientifically substantiated conclusions on the diverse issues that arise in the process of life of society. Such a definition of expert activity includes both judicial and non-judicial expert examination.
At present, more than 500 laws are adopted in Ukraine, which in one way or another concern the conduct of expert assessments (most of them are valid at 2019). But no any among that laws directly devoted to the expert work in the field of computer technology.
So the system and content of the expert work in the field of computer technology should be established, based on knowledge of the object of expertise – computer technology.
It is considered as synonymous with the concept of “information technology” or “information and communication technologies”.
Information technology – it is a purposeful organized set of information processes using computer facilities, which provide high speed data processing, rapid information search, dispersal of data, access to information sources regardless of places of their location.
The system of expert activity in the field of computer technologies includes examinations belonging to a group of judicial (engineering, commodity, forensic, etc.) and non-judicial (scientific and scientific and technical expertise; examination of issues of quality and conformity of goods (products) to certain requirements; examination of issues of information security; examination of issues of environmental impact and the environment of human life, etc.), as well as presented by different kindsand species examinations that have different goals focused on the study of computer technology in their various aspects and provides solutions to diverse issues.
CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL RESPONSIBILITY FOR OFFENSES IN A CRIMINAL PROCEEDING
Authors: Andrushko O. V.
Published: September 2019

The article deals with the problems of improving the regulatory legal regulation of criminal procedural liability for offenses in the criminal process. In the article the initial theoretical characteristics of criminal procedural liability and the system of its actions are given.
The tendencies of development of normative-legal regulation of criminal procedural responsibility are determined: clarification and consolidation of procedural obligations of process participants; extension of the list of participants in criminal proceedings to which its actions may be applied; clarification of certain legal procedures; definition of new syllables of criminal procedural offenses; improvement of legal responsibility of subjects of the criminal process, endowed with powers of authority.
In order to unify all types of proceedings, it is proposed to supplement the criminal procedural legislation with the article "Separate decree (decree) of the court (judge, investigating judge)". It is stated that the main criterion for distinguishing between types of responsibility is the degree of social danger of a procedural offense. Composition of procedural offenses should be specified in a separate normative-legal act: the Code of procedural offenses, as well as the types of legal liability for their commission.
The imposition of a monetary fine on violators of the court order (and in other offenses) will lead to thesearch for ways to eliminate the conflict between procedural "money collection" and an administrative "fine". With the variation of the solution to this and other conflicts, the advantage in regulatory-legal regulation should be given to measures of procedural liability. Prospects for improving the legal regulation of criminal procedural liability are seen in strengthening its role in strengthening the effectiveness and legality of criminal proceedings by strengthening its punitive and legal influence.
Accordingly, we have supported separate scientific proposals to improve the legislation and some are proposed independently.
BRIBERY AS A WAY OF SPECIAL INCITEMENT TO TRAFFICKING
Authors: Berezner V. V.
Published: September 2019

The article analyzes the novelties proposed by the domestic legislator concerning ways of committing such an offense as human trafficking. It is concluded that there are certain contradictions in the design provided for in Part 1 of Art. 149 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, stipulated by the mechanical combination of national and international representations about the essence of this crime.
In particular, it is noted that, unlike national criminal law, international legal acts consider this concept as a civil law category, defining it in accordance with the content of the contract of sale, and position the trafficking of human beings as a combination of mandatory elements, which includes the act, the ways of its commission and the purpose of exploitation of a person. Therefore, on the one hand, the transfer- receipt of a person, including for monetary compensation, cannot be considered as trafficking in persons, if they are not carried out in the indicated ways and do not pursue the purpose of exploitation, and on the other - preservation in the disposition of Part 1 of Art. 149 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, trafficking in human beings, as an independent form of the objective aspect of thiscrime, leads to the double criminalization of the transfer-receipt of a person, since any sale or purchase without this is impossible. In this regard, the disposition of Part 1 of Art. 149 to be described as descriptive of the definition of trafficking in persons as the recruitment, transfer, harboring, transfer or receipt of a person for the purpose of exploitation that occurs through the use of violence which is not dangerous to the life or health of the victim or his relatives or the threat of the use of such violence, deception, blackmail, material or other dependence of the victim, his vulnerable state, or the bribery of a third person who controls the victim.
The criminal nature of the bribing of a third person who controls the victim is determined for obtaining an agreement on its exploitation. It is argued that the bribery of a third person is connected with the transfer of a person, in particular, with its component, such as providing another person with control over the victim and is not a way of committing this act, but a kind of special incitement to it. There is justification for recognizing the subject of the bribe of a third person who controls the victim, the perpetrator of the crime provided for in Part 1 of Art. 149 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
Effect of Polishing Systems on Fluoride Release and Surface Roughness of Different Restorative Materials
Authors: Şişmanoğlu DDS, PhD Soner , Gümüştaş DDS, PhD Burak , Yıldırım-Bilmez DDS, PhD Zuhal
Published: September 2019

Secondary caries is an important factor in the replacement of the restorations, and it is thought that fluoride-releasing materials may prevent this problem. Furthermore, the fluoride release of the materials may be increased by polishing process. Available knowledge about the effect of polishing systems (PS) on the fluoride release of materials is limited. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PS on the fluoride release of fluoride-containing materials. Restorative materials were divided into 6 groups: Fuji IX GP, Fuji II, Dyract XP, Beautifil II, Beautifil-Bulk, and Filtek Ultimate. Each group was also divided into four subgroups: Mylar strip, Sof-Lex Discs, Sof-Lex Diamond, and OneGloss. Fluoride release was determined using a fluoride ion-selective electrode. Surface roughness was evaluated with a profilometer. Two-way repeated measure and one-way ANOVA tests were used for statistical analysis. The initial rapid fluoride release was observed only in Fuji IX. The PS increased the fluoride release of Fuji IX and Fuji II and Dyract XP materials while reducing the fluoride release of resin-based materials. The highest surface roughness values were obtained with OneGloss. Further, a significant relationship between fluoride release and surface roughness was found. The polishing provides an increase in fluoride release, especially in glass-ionomer-based materials. This article revealed that there is a relationship between fluoride release and surface roughness. Proper PS must be chosen according to the material to provide the best clinical benefits in terms of fluoride release and surface roughness.
Those Goddamn ointments: Four histories
Authors: Hatsis Tom
Published: September 2019

A commonly misunderstood area of Western psychedelic history involves psychoactive ointments that have become part of popular lore during the early modern and Renaissance eras. These substances amorphously considered as “flying ointments” have various histories. This paper addresses four separate histories regarding these beliefs: (a) one conveyed in the writings of anthropologist Michael Harner in hisHallucinogens and Shamanism(Harner, 1973); (b) an early modern reconceptualization of witches’ ointments history that began 600 years ago as a theological misconstrual of the nature of these magical unguents that fueled popular ideas about witches; (c) a probable historical reality of transvection ointments (referring to their alleged ability to make the person fly in some form) containing powerful tropane alkaloids (henbane, mandrake, and belladonna) that informed other traditions; and (d) a “post modern ointment” derived by contemporary scholars who doubted the reality of any actual flying ointments, instead ascribing them to literary traditions and the product of overworked and fearful religious minds. This article presents the evidence for these varying conceptions that early modern “flying ointments” have taken throughout the centuries and relates them to the broader cultural trends that have shaped these ointments in popular imagination. Careful adjudication of primary and secondary sources suggests that only the transvection ointment had an actual basis in historical fact.
Ultra-low permeability rock-analogue material for gas–solid coupling model tests
Authors: Zhang Bing , Wang Hanpeng , Yuan Liang , Li Shucai , Liu Zhongzhong
Published: September 2019

In fluid–solid coupling model tests, most existing rock-analogue materials have high permeability, making them unsuitable for gas–solid coupling model tests. Here, a new type of rock-analogue material was developed, which catered to gas–solid coupling model tests that used iron powder, barite powder and quartz sand as aggregates, a special cement as a binder and a cement sealant as a regulator. The physical and mechanical parameters of the material and its influence patterns were determined by laboratory tests. The results showed that the material had a uniaxial compressive strength of 4·16–8·8 MPa and a permeability of 1–460 × 10−3 mD, which is stable at a gas pressure of 1·5 MPa. The density, uniaxial compressive strength, modulus of elasticity and permeability of the material could be precisely adjusted by the moulding pressure, binder content and regulator content. The material can be used to simulate rock with high strength and ultra-low permeability in gas–solid coupling model tests. A model test of coal and gas outburst triggered by roadway excavation was successfully performed using this material to simulate the roof rock and floor rock of a coal seam with low permeability, which demonstrates the feasibility and applicability of the material.
Memes in medical education
Authors: Crowder Jerome , Song Ye Kyung
Published: September 2019

Memes are highly malleable forms of visual media that provide insight into the dominant discourses within a community. This essay presents the top meme posts on /r/medicalschool, a thread on Reddit, an anonymous news-aggregating site, which are the most discussed posts by users, who are predominantly medical students. Within this digital space, users attempt to make meaning of the process of professionalization and what their new roles have in store for them. Studying those memes’ accompanying comments, we find that the majority of posts center on perceptions of diminishing professional authority. These perceptions likely stem from an ontological insecurity due to significant financial burdens, debt, and risk involved in going to medical school.
Между теологией и заботой: обзор исследований больничного служения
Authors: Конрой Наталья Викторовна
Published: September 2019

В статье рассматриваются основные этапы развития и проблемы, обсуждаемые в рамках исследовательского направления, которое возникло во второй половине ХХ в. в результате практического осмысления опыта неприходского служения христианских церквей в различных светских институтах и получило в англоязычной традиции название капелланских исследований. Современные капелланские исследования объединяют практиков из различных секторов, представителей академической науки и тех, кто совмещает академическую и капелланскую карьеры. Другими отличительными особенностями направления являются доминирование исследований, выполненных в англоязычных странах, неравномерность изученности отдельных секторов и аналогов секторального служения, появляющихся вне христианских конфессий. В силу роста общественной значимости сферы здравоохранения в послевоенный период, наиболее изученным оказался опыт неприходского служения в больницах; к нему неизменно обращаются все работающие в поле капелланских исследований. В статье показывается, как периферийная для организованной религии работа священников в больницах и госпиталях была профессионализирована и переформулирована в терминах оказания универсальной духовной и пасторской помощи пациентам, их близким и медицинскому персоналу вне зависимости от религиозной принадлежности и вероисповедания, и вместе с профессионализацией подверглась трансформирующему воздействию неолиберальных реформ самих институтов. Объясняется, почему в условиях религиозной дедифференциации усиливается маргинанализация больничных капелланов по отношению к организованной религии. Эта маргинализация становится, с одной стороны, важным ресурсом христианских церквей и открывает им доступ к невоцерковленному большинству. С другой стороны, она формирует нового, рефлексивного священника-исследователя, для которого особое значение приобретают специализация на работе с определенной категорией пациентов, сочетание пасторской работы с консультированием и решением индивидуальных проблем, владение техниками слушания и наблюдения, расширение методологического инструментария и публикация исследовательских результатов.
The Patient’s Perspective on Institutional Logics in Russian Maternity Care
Authors: Бороздина Екатерина Александровна , Новкунская Анастасия Андреевна
Published: September 2019

The interplay between different institutional logics is a vital topic in contemporary institutional analyses of healthcare. In this paper, we consider relations between professional, bureaucratic, market, and informal logics in the volatile and ever-transforming context of post-Soviet maternity care. We approach this issue from an unconventional angle and study how various logics are interpreted, enacted and manipulated by women-patients. Neo-institutional scholars commonly enlist patients as institutional actors that are involved both in maintaining and changing the institutional order. However, current research neglects the patients’ perspective instead focusing on the practices of healthcare providers. In order to fill this gap, we investigate how expectant mothers make sense of and navigate the complex institutional environment of Russian maternity care. In our analysis we rely on empirical data from fifty-nine qualitative interviews with recent mothers conducted in St. Petersburg in 2015–2017. This data allows us to conclude that the institutional dynamics of maternity care are powered mostly by the rivalry of two logics – one bureaucratic, the other market-driven. The professional logic, meanwhile, remains underrepresented and dominated by the other two. Unlike healthcare practitioners, women perceive the bureaucratic logic as chaotic and unpredictable, while wealthy clients employ a repertoire of actions offered by the market logic to exercise more control of their hospital routine. Different institutional logics compete for dominance, leaving areas of uncertainty in regard to institutional rules. In some cases, patients use informality to manage such ambivalence and challenge the formal order of healthcare facilities. The common character of this strategy prompts us to suggest that informality forms a distinctive fourth logic that frames some actions and interactions within Russian maternity care.
The Investigation of Some Soil and Morphological Properties of Trees in Conversion of Marsh into Eucalyptus camaldulensis (Dehn) Different Ages Plantation, (Mediterranean Region – Turkey)
Authors: GÖL Ceyhun , ÇİÇEK Meliha
Published: September 2019

Aim of study: To determine soil and tree morphological properties in eucalyptus forests of difference between three age groups. Area of study: This research was carried out in eucalyptus plantation that has been established for both marsh rehabilitation and agro-industrial purposes. Material and Method: In each sampling plot (select randomly from three differently aged plantation forests.), soil properties and morphological characteristics of thirty-six trees were investigated. Main results: According to the obtained findings, the soil properties (0-30 cm) changed with the increasing age of the plantation. There was a little difference in the soil properties (30-60 cm). Investigations on the morphological characteristics of seedling found average diameters (d1.3) of 11.7 - 14.5 - 21.5 cm, in the plantations aged and average lengths of 11.0 - 15.8 - 21.7 m, 3, 5, and 9 years-old respectively. The morphological properties of trees were statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Highlights: Rapid development in tree height in the early years, followed by rapid growth in diameter in the sapling years is understood. The soil properties of the research area were determined to be quite suitable for eucalyptus species.
A method for the permeabilization of live Drosophila melanogaster larvae to small molecules and cryoprotectants v1
Authors: Murray Alex , Palmer Daniel , Bennett Daimark , Dwarampudi Venkata
Published: September 2019

The larvae of Drosophila melanogaster is a model organism used to study the muscular and nervous systems. Drosophila larvae are surrounded by a waxy cuticle that prevents permeation by most substances. Here we develop a method to remove this layer, rendering the larvae permeable to small molecules. Permeability is assessed using fluorescein diacetate dye uptake, and mortality upon exposure to toxic levels of ethylene glycol and DMSO. Potential uses for this method include drug delivery, toxicity assays, cryopreservation, staining, and fixation.
Brexit under Scrutiny in EU Member States: What Role for National Parliaments in Austria and Germany?
Authors: Meissner Katharina Luise
Published: September 2019

Among national parliaments (NPs) in the EU, the Austrian Nationalrat and the German Bundestag stand out as strong legislatures in EU affairs. Both parliaments have used their rights to great extent in recent EU negotiations on international agreements such as the one with Canada on a Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement. Yet, in the negotiations with the UK their involvement varies. Why is this so? Scholarly work on Brexit so far focused on the European Parliament or the UK parliament, while attention to NPs in the EU27 is scarce. This article fills this void in research by tracing the Austrian and German parliaments’ activities in the Brexit negotiations. Despite similar institutional strength I find that the German Bundestag is more extensively involved, particularly on an informal level, compared to the Austrian Nationalrat. The reason for this is Brexit’s varying saliency in these two countries given their different levels of exposure to the UK’s withdrawal. As saliency of a policy issue is considered a major explanatory factor for why NPs engage in EU affairs, the results of this article confirm this expectation within the realm of EU international negotiations.
Introduction to “Out of the Shadows, Into the Limelight: Parliaments and Politicisation”
Authors: Neuhold Christine , Rosén Guri
Published: September 2019

The Lisbon Treaty gave the European Parliament extensive new powers and its consent is now required for the vast majority of EU international agreements. At the same time, national parliaments—and even regional ones—are increasingly asserting their powers over areas of European governance that were traditionally dominated by the executive. Exerting influence and conducting oversight is time-consuming, however. Particularly at the EU-level parliaments cannot influence or scrutinise every policy dossier with equal rigour. A key factor directing parliamentary attention seems to be the ‘politicisation’ of an issue. In other words, the amount of contestation and attention given to a particular issue seems to affect parliamentary activity. This thematic issue seeks to assess how politicisation affects the role parliaments play within the system of EU governance. In particular, the contributions aim to answer the over-arching question of whether politicisation has an impact on how parliaments seek to influence policy-making and hold the EU executives to account. Furthermore, we raise the question of whether and how politicisation affects the role of parliaments as arenas for contestation and communication of different political interests. Jointly, the findings provide the empirical foundations for a more comprehensive debate regarding the democratic implications of politicisation. Politicisation puts pressure on parliaments to act, but parliamentarians themselves may also find it in their interest to instigate contestation. This thematic issue addresses these questions by shedding light on both the European Parliament and national parliaments and examines different policy-fields reaching from climate change and trade, to financial affairs and the Common Fisheries Policy.
The Circular Economy Concept in Design Education: Enhancing Understanding and Innovation by Means of Situated Learning
Authors: Wandl Alexander , Balz Verena , Qu Lei , Furlan Cecilia , Arciniegas Gustavo , Hackauf Ulf
Published: September 2019

The concept of circular economy (CE) is high on the agenda of many planning agencies in European countries. It has also become a prominent issue in European academic education institutions. It is expected that spatial planning and design can support and add the spatial quality dimension of such a transition towards CE. However, incorporating the concept of CE in an integrative manner in urban design and planning courses is challenging because of its metabolic and complex nature. This article presents the first results of integrating design-teaching activities at a faculty of architecture with an H2020-financed research project. The integration of research and design education provided the students with a situated and indeed transdisciplinary learning environment. Students understood that they needed to address challenges from a systemic perspective rather early in the design process, meaning to understand what the relations between different subsystems and their spatial structures are. Furthermore, the experiment provided evidence that the eco-innovative solutions developed by the students are seen as an effective option to achieve objectives for a transition towards CE by stakeholders.
Urban Regions Shifting to Circular Economy: Understanding Challenges for New Ways of Governance
Authors: Obersteg Andreas , Arlati Alessandro , Acke Arianne , Berruti Gilda , Czapiewski Konrad , Dąbrowski Marcin , Heurkens Erwin , Mezei Cecília , Palestino Maria Federica , Varjú Viktor , Wójcik Marcin , Knieling Jörg
Published: September 2019

Urban areas account for around 50% of global solid waste generation. In the last decade, the European Union has supported numerous initiatives aiming at reducing waste generation by promoting shifts towards Circular Economy (CE) approaches. Governing this process has become imperative. This article focuses on the results of a governance analysis of six urban regions in Europe involved in the Horizon 2020 project REPAiR. By means of semi-structured interviews, document analysis and workshops with local stakeholders, for each urban area a list of governance challenges which hinder the necessary shift to circularity was drafted. In order to compare the six cases, the various challenges have been categorized using the PESTEL-O method. Results highlight a significant variation in policy contexts and the need for these to evolve by adapting stakeholders’ and policy-makers’ engagement and diffusing knowledge on CE. Common challenges among the six regions include a lack of an integrated guiding framework (both political and legal), limited awareness among citizens, and technological barriers. All these elements call for a multi-faceted governance approach able to embrace the complexity of the process and comprehensively address the various challenges to completing the shift towards circularity in cities.
Assessing Inflammatory Status of Pulp in Irreversible Pulpitis Cases with Pulse oximeter and Dental Hemogram
Authors: Mishra Shikha , SSharma Divya , Bhusari Chitra
Published: September 2019

Objective: This study evaluated pulse oximetry and dental hemogram in teeth with the clinical diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis (IP) to assess the inflammatory status of the pulp. Study design: The study and control groups (30n each) had teeth with IP and sound teeth respectively. Patients in the study group had night pain with or without pain on mastication (NM, N). Blood oxygen saturation (%SpO2) was recorded with a custom made pulse oximeter (CPO). For dental and peripheral hemogram, smears were made for each patient from the first drop of blood while entering the pulp and finger blood respectively. Results: Control group had mean %SpO2 in finger 91% (86–97); and in teeth 84% (80–91), while the study group had mean %SpO2 in finger 92% (88–98) and in teeth 83% (71–94). Fifty percent of IP cases were vital while no tooth showed necrosis according to CPO which was further confirmed by bleeding status from the pulp. Based on the findings of the clinical diagnosis, %SpO2 and bleeding status of IP and normal cases, the terminology as coronal or total pulpitis seems more appropriate. The statistical difference was significant in fingers while non-significant in teeth of IP and normal pulp cases. Dental hemogram of IP cases showed an overall significant fall of neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil and monocyte counts compared to normal. Conclusion: Pulse oximetry was the most accurate pulp test to diagnose vitality in normal as well as inflamed pulps while hemogram was inconclusive for the same.
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF SEVERE AORTIC REGURGITATION IN A 14-YEAR-OLD PATIENT WITH CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE: A CLINICAL CASE
Authors: Igisheva L. N. , Anikeenko A. A. , Kornelyuk R. A. , Kulavskaya М. V. , Perevalova N. G.
Published: September 2019

Medical records of a patient presented with severe aortic and mitral regurgitation and connective tissue dysplasia were reviewed. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental findings were collected at baseline and after the surgery. Long-term outcomes, including quality of life, were estimated.
A RARE CASE OF ALCAPA SYNDROME IN AN ADOLESCENT
Authors: Shmulevich S. A. , Sizova I. N. , Makarov S. A.
Published: September 2019

The article is aimed to analyze the causes of delayed diagnosis of congenital heart disease. A rare case of abnormal originating of the left coronary artery from pulmonary artery in an adolescent is reported. Both, clinical manifestations of circulatory insufficiency and diagnostic challenges, are described. All routine medical records and data were reviewed. Cardiac anatomy and age-related clinical symptoms are described with the subsequent discussion of the surgical treatment. The approach to differential diagnosis is presented. The factors contributing to the delayed diagnosis of the CHD are analyzed.
DIAGNOSIS AND OUTPATIENT TREATMENT OF CHILDREN WITH LONG QT SYNDROME: LONG-TERM OUTCOMES
Authors: Emelyanchik E. Yu. , Cheremisina A. Yu. , Krasikova E. Yu. , Yakshanova S. V. , Ivanitsky E. A. , Nicoulina S. Yu.
Published: September 2019

Aim To assess the diagnostic accuracy of long QT syndrome in children and to estimate the results of the follow-up.

Methods High-risk groups of children with bradycardia less than the second percentile and/or a family history of sudden death syndrome, and children with syncope diagnosed with the ECG testing were included in the study. All patients underwent routine medical examination, molecular genetic testing and were followed-up for 3,5–10 years.

Results The majority of children haves transient corrected QT prolongation secondary to therapy, requiring ECG monitoring. High-risk group screening reports higher rates of idiopathic LQTS. ECG testing shows its efficiency among asymptomatic children with a normal heart rate. Patients present with syncope at the outpatient settings require the exclusion of a wide range of diseases, both congenital and acquired heart disease. The clinical status of the examined patients does not always correspond to the known LQTS variants. Molecular genetic analysis provides relevant information on the genetic heterogeneity of the disease, including new mutations, both pathological and beneficial ones.

Conclusion Regardless of the presence or absence of molecular genetic confirmation of LQTS, beta blocker therapy in some cases combined with implanted cardioverterdefibrillator prevents the development of the adverse events in the long-term period and ensures normal emotional, intellectual and physical development.
A prospective study on surgical versus endoscopic cystoenterostomy
Authors: Raju V. Krishnam , Reddy Supreeth Kumar , Gurjar Mayankkumar , R. Rakesh , Varty Gurudutt P. , S. Thirunavukkarasu
Published: September 2019

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare endoscopic and surgical modalities in the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts. Comparisons were based on clinical success, complication rate, recurrence and hospital stay.Methods: This is a prospective comparative study, enrolling 24 patients, 13 in surgical group and 11 in endoscopic group. The duration of study was from December 2013 to September 2015. The minimum follow up was for atlas 6 months.Results: 13 (54%) of cases were managed surgically, 11 (46%) of cases were treated endoscopically. The clinical success of the endoscopic group was 72.7% versus 100% for the surgical group (p=0.216), with a complication rate of 36.4% and 15.3%, respectively (p= 0.659). The hospital stay was lower for the endoscopic group was 9.82 days compared with 12.08 days in the surgical group. The two recurrences found in the endoscopic group were associated with main pancreatic duct stricture and disconnected pancreatic duct. The duration to oral intake post procedure was lower in endoscopic group 4.36 days (p<0.001). 18.2% of patients in endoscopic group required conversion to open surgery.Conclusions: Non EUS guided cystoenterostomy has to be phased out. 1/3rd of patients undergoing endoscopic cystoenterostomy require more than 6 months of stent placement. In patients with disruption of the main pancreatic duct, endoscopic intervention is more successful when combined with transpapillary ductal stent placement.
Study of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with gastrointestinal symptoms
Authors: Puttaraju Shashidhara , R. M. Sudarshana Sreramaseshadri
Published: September 2019

Background: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms are the commonest complaints among the general population and the diseases associated with them carries a significant risk of morbidity and mortality. Hence early diagnosis and appropriate management of the condition can prevent life threatening complications. Upper GI endoscopy is an effective diagnostic as well as therapeutic tool for the patients presenting with upper GI symptoms. The objective of the study is to show the effectiveness of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy as an initial diagnostic, screening and therapeutic tool in patients with upper GI symptoms.Methods: Present study comprises of 100 patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal symptoms at JSS Hospital, Chamarajanagar (both out-patients and referred patients) during the period of October 2018 to June 2019, who underwent upper GI endoscopy.Results: Out of 100 patients, 60 were males and 40 were females. In the study majority of the patients were found to have gastritis, esophagitis and acid peptic disease. Other patients had malignant changes, reflux disease, hiatus hernia, perforation, foreign body, obstruction and esophageal varices.Conclusions: Upper GI endoscopy is a simple, safe, more reliable and valuable tool with easy learning curve. It will remain as the initial investigation of choice for the patients with upper GI symptoms. It plays a significant role as a screening, diagnostic as well as therapeutic tool.