bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New records and geographical distribution of ctenid spiders (Araneae: Ctenidae) in Colombia
Authors: HAZZI NICOLÁS A. , VALDERRAMA-ARDILA CARLOS , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D. , POLOTOW DANIELE , SIMÓ MIGUEL
Published: September 2013

This study provides new records, geographical distribution extensions and a checklist of the current ctenids species in Colombia based on the review of four arachnological collections and published literature. A total of 15 new records for Ctenidae in Colombia are reported; nine of these species are new records for the country and the distribution of the remaining six is expanded. The genus Centroctenus Mello-Leitão, 1929 (C. ocelliventer Strand, 1909) is recorded for first time in Colombia and Cupiennius coccineus (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1901) for South America. Due to the strategic geographic position of Colombia, which is a transition zone between Southern and Central American biotas, species inventories in different localities are important to fill distributional gaps. The number of known species of ctenids in Colombia is increased from 16 to 25 and these data will be useful for future studies in taxonomy, systematics and biogeography of this family.
A new species of the genus Empitrombium Southcott, 1994 (Acari: Microtrombidiidae) from Turkey
Authors: SEVSAY SEVGİ , KARAKURT İBRAHIM
Published: September 2013

A new species, Empitrombium makolae sp. nov., is described based on active postlarval forms and larvae obtained from adult females kept in the laboratory. Based on the adult morphology of E. makolae, the adult life stage of Platytrombidium littorale (Michener 1946) is moved back to the genus Empitrombium. A key to species of Empitrombium is provided.
The first goblin spiders of the genus Trilacuna from Vietnam (Araneae, Oonopidae)
Authors: TONG YANFENG , LI SHUQIANG
Published: September 2013

Two new species of the genus Trilacuna Tong & Li, T. hamata sp. nov. and T. sinuosa sp. nov., are described from Tam Dao National Park, Vietnam.
An Updated TRMM Composite Climatology of Tropical Rainfall and Its Validation
Authors: Wang Jian-Jian , Adler Robert F. , Huffman George J. , Bolvin David
Published: September 2013

An updated 15-yr Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) composite climatology (TCC) is presented and evaluated. This climatology is based on a combination of individual rainfall estimates made with data from the primary TRMM instruments: the TRMM Microwave Imager (TMI) and the precipitation radar (PR). This combination climatology of passive microwave retrievals, radar-based retrievals, and an algorithm using both instruments simultaneously provides a consensus TRMM-based estimate of mean precipitation. The dispersion of the three estimates, as indicated by the standard deviation σ among the estimates, is presented as a measure of confidence in the final estimate and as an estimate of the uncertainty thereof. The procedures utilized by the compositing technique, including adjustments and quality-control measures, are described. The results give a mean value of the TCC of 4.3 mm day−1 for the deep tropical ocean belt between 10°N and 10°S, with lower values outside that band. In general, the TCC values confirm ocean estimates from the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) analysis, which is based on passive microwave results adjusted for sampling by infrared-based estimates. The pattern of uncertainty estimates shown by σ is seen to be useful to indicate variations in confidence. Examples include differences between the eastern and western portions of the Pacific Ocean and high values in coastal and mountainous areas. Comparison of the TCC values (and the input products) to gauge analyses over land indicates the value of the radar-based estimates (small biases) and the limitations of the passive microwave algorithm (relatively large biases). Comparison with surface gauge information from western Pacific Ocean atolls shows a negative bias (~16%) for all the TRMM products, although the representativeness of the atoll gauges of open-ocean rainfall is still in question.
Warming of the Polar Water Layer in Disko Bay and Potential Impact on Jakobshavn Isbrae
Authors: Myers Paul G. , Ribergaard Mads H.
Published: September 2013

A number of recent studies have shown enhanced retreat of tidewater glaciers over much of southern and western Greenland. One of the fastest retreats has occurred at Jakobshavn Isbrae, with the rapid retreat linked to the arrival of relatively warm and saline Irminger water along the west coast of Greenland. Similar links to changes in ocean water masses on the coastal shelf of Greenland were also seen on the east coast. This study presents hydrographic data from Disko Bay, additionally revealing that there was also a significant warming of the cold polar water entering Disko Bay from the mid-to-late 1990s onward. This layer, which lies at a depth of ~30–200 m, warmed by 1°–2°C. The heat content of the polar water layer increased by a factor of 3.6 for the post-1997 period compared to the period prior to 1990. The heat content in the west Greenland Irminger water layer between the same periods increased only by a factor of 2, but contained more total heat. The authors suggest that the changes in the polar water layer are related to circulation changes in Baffin Bay.
Fates and Travel Times of Denmark Strait Overflow Water in the Irminger Basin*
Authors: M. Koszalka Inga , Haine Thomas W. N. , Magaldi Marcello G.
Published: September 2013

The Denmark Strait Overflow (DSO) supplies about one-third of the North Atlantic Deep Water and is critical to global thermohaline circulation. Knowledge of the pathways of DSO through the Irminger Basin and its transformation there is still incomplete, however. The authors deploy over 10 000 Lagrangian particles at the Denmark Strait in a high-resolution ocean model to study these issues. First, the particle trajectories show that the mean position and potential density of dense waters cascading over the Denmark Strait sill evolve consistently with hydrographic observations. These sill particles transit the Irminger Basin to the Spill Jet section (65.25°N) in 5–7 days and to the Angmagssalik section (63.5°N) in 2–3 weeks. Second, the dense water pathways on the continental shelf are consistent with observations and particles released on the shelf in the strait constitute a significant fraction of the dense water particles recorded at the Angmagssalik section within 60 days (~25%). Some particles circulate on the shelf for several weeks before they spill off the shelf break and join the overflow from the sill. Third, there are two places where the water density following particle trajectories decreases rapidly due to intense mixing: to the southwest of the sill and southwest of the Kangerdlugssuaq Trough on the continental slope. After transformation in these places, the overflow particles exhibit a wide range of densities.
Generation of the North Equatorial Undercurrent Jets by Triad Baroclinic Rossby Wave Interactions
Authors: Qiu Bo , Chen Shuiming , Sasaki Hideharu
Published: September 2013

Formation processes responsible for the North Equatorial Undercurrent (NEUC) jets that appear across the tropical North Pacific Ocean near 9°, 13°, and 18°N are explored both theoretically and using numerical models with different complexities. Analyses of an eddy-resolving global ocean general circulation model output reveal that the NEUC jets have a mode-1 baroclinic vertical structure and are spatially persistent on the interannual and longer time scales. This OGCM-simulated vertical structure prompts the authors to adopt the simpler, nonlinear -layer reduced-gravity model, as well as the baroclinic Rossby wave triad interaction theory, to unravel the essential processes underlying the NEUC jets. The seed for the NEUC jets originates in annual baroclinic Rossby waves driven by the large-scale surface wind stress forcing. Emanating from the ocean basin’s eastern boundary, these wind-forced “primary” waves are subject to nonlinear triad interactions and break down offshore where the e-folding time scale of the most unstable triad instability matches the advective time scale of the primary waves. The breakdown boundary of the wind-forced primary waves tends to tilt northeast–southwest and, west of this boundary, finite-amplitude eddies emerge, whose meridional scales are set by the most unstable short secondary waves participating in the triad interactions along the breakdown boundary. With their meridional scales set similarly by the short secondary waves, the time-mean zonal jets of characteristics resembling the observed NEUC jets are formed by the converging potential vorticity fluxes of these finite-amplitude eddies.
What is the lower limit for postprandial venous plasma glucose in healthy young adults?
Authors: Swaminathan Akhilesh , Lunt Helen , Frampton Christopher MA , Florkowski Christopher M
Published: September 2013

Background

There is general agreement that the lower limit for postprandial venous plasma glucose is the same or higher than for a fasted sample. The finding of a postprandial fall in glucose would therefore have implications for assignment of the lower limit of the normal glucose range.

Methods

An antecubital venous sample was collected before and one hour after breakfast. Plasma was separated immediately after collection and glucose measured using the hexokinase method. Participants with dysglycaemia were excluded from subsequent analysis.

Results

Glucose range (mmol/L) for the 96 participants was 4.4–6.0 fasting and 2.7–7.2 postprandially. There was no relationship between postprandial glucose and either gender or carbohydrate intake. About 24% of postprandial concentrations were <3.9 mmol/L.

Conclusions

If laboratories choose to define a random venous plasma glucose reference range, the lower limit should be below 3.9 mmol/L.
Assessment of glucose meter performance at the antenatal diabetes clinic: exploration of patient-related and pre-analytical factors
Authors: Parwaiz Mariam , Lunt Helen , Florkowski Christopher M , Logan Florence J , Irons Lindsay , Perwick Carol , Frampton Christopher M A , Moore M Peter
Published: September 2013

Background

To assess glucose meter performance in a diabetes antenatal clinic, focussing on clinical and pre-analytical factors that might impact on the quantification of meter accuracy and precision.

Methods

The Freestyle Lite and the Performa glucose meters were assessed by trained researchers. Finger stick glucose was measured and compared with plasma venous glucose, obtained from a concomitantly collected antecubital fossa sample. Venous plasma was separated on-site then sent to the laboratory for measurement of glucose using the hexokinase method (comparative method). Additional data collected included: (i) timing of and also (ii) quantity of last carbohydrate intake; (iii) time periods between collection, preparation and analysis of the venous sample; (iv) the haemolysis index of the plasma sample and (v) haematocrit.

Results

There were 104 participants. Both meters fulfilled ISO 15197 standards, with 99% and 97% of Freestyle Lite and Performa results, respectively, falling within acceptable limits for this standard. Both meters showed minor proportional bias, reading low at higher glucose values. Consensus error grid analysis showed 100% of results from the Freestyle Lite and 99% from the Performa falling within Zone A, thus the observed differences in measured capillary and venous plasma glucose were sufficiently minor that they would have little effect on clinical action. No association was observed between [capillary-plasma] glucose difference and the five variables outlined above.

Conclusions

The two glucose meters tested showed a reassuringly acceptable level of performance, when assessed by a research team in the setting of a diabetes antenatal clinic.
Impact of the New 16-Hour Duty Period on Pediatric Interns’ Neonatal Education
Authors: DeLaroche Amy , Riggs Thomas , Maisels M. Jeffrey
Published: September 2013

Objective. To assess the impact of the 16-duty hour restriction on pediatric interns’ neonatal education. Method. Survey of interns clinical and educational experiences during their neonatal rotations. Results. A total of 316 respondents in 2011, who worked >16 hours, were compared with 509 respondents in 2012, who worked ≤16 hours. The average work week decreased from 67.3 ± 9.6 to 59.3 ± 8.1 hours ( P < .0001). The 2012 cohort attended fewer didactic lectures (−16%, P < .0001), grand rounds (−27%, P < .0001), and mock resuscitations (−16%, P < .005). There were no significant differences in the number of (1) patients on service, (2) deliveries attended, or (3) procedures. There was no significant difference in the median number of correct responses (4) on 10 knowledge-based multiple-choice questions. Conclusions. The decrease in duty hours was achieved without significantly affecting interns’ knowledge or clinical experience.
Vocational Psychology with Criminal Justice Populations
Authors: Varghese Femina P. , Fitzgerald Erica L. , Chronister Krista M. , Cummings Devon L. , Forrest Linda
Published: September 2013

In this rejoinder, the authors respond to the three reactions by Brown, Lent, and Knoll; McWhirter; and Morgan. We begin by discussing illegal work and desistance and how vocational psychology may inform these areas. We then acknowledge the challenges in working with criminal justice populations and describe how counseling psychologists may overcome these challenges. We conclude by encouraging counseling psychologists to persist through challenges and pursue excellence in applying vocational theories and best practices to promote the positive career development of offenders.
Educational Privatisation and Access to Higher Education: Experiences of Scheduled Caste Students in Odisha
Authors: Bhoi Dhaneswar
Published: September 2013

This article is an attempt to correlate evidence from theories and practice to examine the policy changes in higher education and how privatisation has adversely affected the access and continuation in higher education particularly in the case of Scheduled Caste (SC) students. It also examines the various obstacles encountered by SC students and how these impact their participation and performance at the higher education level. Theoretically, the article analyses the arguments made by different scholars on privatisation through content analysis method. Empirically, exploratory design is carried out in five higher educational institutions of Odisha. The analysis for the empirical part is done through data triangulation method. The article establishes how privatisation has eliminated the critical aspect of equity while totally doing away with the social objective of higher education.
Decline of Ashram Schools in Central and Eastern India: Impact on Education of ST Children
Authors: Jojo Bipin
Published: September 2013

Ashram Schools (ASs) were set up with the long-term objective of the educational upliftment of Scheduled Tribe (ST) children in India. However, the objective is far from being met and the lack of infrastructure as well as teaching capacity in these schools is hampering the progress of tribal children in many ASs. This article attempts to document the functioning of ASs and tries to assess the quality of education received by the ST children in central and eastern India. In this endeavour, an attempt has been made to look at the infrastructure, staffing, amenities and the quality of curricular, co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. In its methodology, the article deals with explanatory research design; survey and evaluative design were allowed to access the functioning of ASs. On the basis of the findings of the data collected from 13 ASs, the connection between lack of quality in education and obstructions in the road to tribal development becomes clearer.
Development, Displacement and Justice in India: Study of Hirakud Dam
Authors: Nayak Arun Kumar
Published: September 2013

Dams are claimed as symbols of development for their multipurpose utility and contribution to the welfare of mankind. But compulsory displacement caused by dams has raised major issues of social justice and equity. Contextualising the Rawls’ general conception of justice and examining the case of the Hirakud dam, this study illustrates how the oustees not only lost their income and wealth but also social goods (liberty, opportunity and the very basis of their self-respect) raising the question of equality and justice. Initiatives to rehabilitate them by the Indian state of Odisha proved to be a total failure because of poor planning and a callous attitude. Better consultations and negotiations with the oustees could have mitigated the risk of their impoverishment; it can be argued that relocation would not have been involuntary. But the government did not consult those whose vital interests were at stake. They could have been resettled and rehabilitated in the irrigated area of the Hirakud dam and would not have lost their only source of income and their self-worth would have received a boost.
Forcing Prison Doors: Socio-cultural Mission of Dr Bhupen Hazarika
Authors: Dutta Akhil Ranjan
Published: September 2013

Dr Bhupen Hazarika (1926–2011), a musician, lyricist, folklorist, dramatist, film-producer/director, columnist and journalist from the Indian state of Assam will be remembered for his extraordinary contribution to the world of Indian folklore in general and modern Assamese (a trans-ethnic linguistic and cultural community of India) music in particular. In him, the modern Assamese music finds its highest culmination. Dedicated to the wave of left-progressive cultural movement steered by the Indian Peoples’ Theatre Association (IPTA) in the early phase of his creative cultural journey, Dr Hazarika was greatly influenced by the wave of the nationalist and regional aspirations in the state of Assam particularly during the long Assam movement (1979–85). Throughout his life, Dr Hazarika cherished the values of modernity, humanity, secularism and composite culture. He remains as the most dominant cultural ‘icon’ for most of the twentieth century, and also the early part of the twenty-first century Assam. The present article is an attempt to explore the musical journey of Dr Bhupen Hazarika with special focus on his social and philosophical mission.
Bihar: Blurred Vision, Mounting Aspirations
Authors: Jha Hetukar
Published: September 2013

Rural world is constituted by villages known historically as secular seats of coexistence of different castes/classes and communities. However, under the pressure of different divisive forces, village reality began to be weakened since colonial era, and now, its significance has been almost completely overlooked in the context of the formation of panchayat in accordance with the provisions of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment. The criterion of forming a panchayat is not village community; it is, rather, a fixed number of persons belonging generally to parts of a few different villages. As a result, a panchayat remains a mere collectivity (not a community) of individuals having no common secular and socio-historical bond. So, it seems that panchayati raj, instead of promoting development of people at large, tends to become captive of the forces of casteism/communalism and money/muscle power.
Socio-economic Profile of Muslims in Maharashtra
Authors: Patel Vibhuti
Published: September 2013

Marginalisation persisting among the Muslims of Maharashtra has to be seen in the framework of democratic equality, which necessitates full participation of the community in the socio-economic platforms of the wider society. Inclusive development demands empowerment of the Muslim community in Maharashtra. Extreme unfortunate and sad economic condition of Muslims in Maharashtra makes one wonder about their strategies of survival. Their educational status is extremely low, not equipping them with skills necessary to procure jobs in liberal market economy. The condition of the areas in which they reside is deplorable. They do not have access to minimum resources. Even the community resources and government schemes and programmes do not reach the extremely poor and the needy ones.
Book Review: North-east India—A Handbook of Anthropology
Authors: Nemching Grace Don
Published: September 2013

T. B. Subba (Ed.), North-east India—A Handbook of Anthropology, New Delhi: Orient BlackSwan, 2012, pp. 452, ₹495.
Book Review: Microfinance: State of the Sector Report 2012
Authors: Mohanty Bidyut
Published: September 2013

ACCESS and ASSIST, Microfinance: State of the Sector Report 2012; Microfinance India: The Social Performance Report 2012, 2012, New Delhi: SAGE Publications.
A Question of Color
Authors: Armstead Cheryl A. , Hébert James R. , Griffin Eugena K. , Prince Glenn M.
Published: September 2013

This study describes the relative influence of facial skin color, lifetime exposure to racial discrimination, chronic stress, and traditional prehypertension risk factors (family history of hypertension and age) on resting blood pressure and body mass index (BMI) among 196 southern African American (AA) female undergraduate students. Stepwise regression analyses indicated that skin color was the strongest predictor of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and BMI. Skin color, chronic stress, and family history of hypertension predicted 53% of the SBP variance. Skin color, chronic stress, and family history of hypertension predicted 30.2% of the DBP variance. Racism and age were not significant predictors of SBP or DBP. Of the variance in BMI, 33% was predicted by skin color, chronic stress, and racism. Age and family history of hypertension were not predictors of BMI. The current study provides evidence of the relationship of skin color and chronic stress to blood pressure among young southern AA women. The study identifies an important relationship between increased racial stress exposure and heavier BMIs, a predictor of prehypertensive risk.
Racial Identity, Perpetrator Race, Racial Composition of Primary Community, and Mood Responses to Discrimination
Authors: Rucker Julian M. , Neblett Enrique W. , Anyiwo Nkemka
Published: September 2013

Studies suggest that racial identity, race of the perpetrator, and prior race-related experiences influence responses to racial discrimination. This study employed a visual imagery paradigm to examine how racial centrality (or the significance of one’s race), perpetrator race, and the racial composition of one’s primary community were associated with mood responses to racial discrimination vignettes. Participants were 129 self-identified African American young adults (55% female) recruited from a southeastern university in the United States. Participants completed measures of sociodemographic characteristics and racial centrality and rated their mood following exposure to vignettes consisting of blatant and subtle discrimination with Black and White actors. Individuals with higher racial centrality endorsed greater anger and disgust and had stronger overall mood ratings following the subtle discrimination condition. Also, participants reported significantly higher levels of distress and disgust when the perpetrator was White. These results suggest that individual and situational factors help shape affective responses to discrimination. We discuss implications of the findings and highlight being connected to one’s racial identity as a healthy psychological response to racism.
Fighting the Good Fight
Authors: Campbell Maggie , Vollhardt Johanna Ray
Published: September 2013

The rhetoric of good and evil is prevalent in many areas of society and is often used to garner support for “redemptive violence” (i.e., using violence to rid and save the world from evil). While evil is discussed in psychological literature, beliefs about good and evil have not received adequate empirical attention as predictors of violent versus peaceful intergroup attitudes. In four survey studies, we developed and tested novel measures of belief in evil and endorsement of redemptive violence. Across four different samples, belief in evil predicted greater support for violence and lesser support for nonviolent responses. These effects were, in most cases, mediated by endorsement of redemptive violence. Structural equation modeling suggested that need for cognitive closure predicts belief in evil, and that the effect of belief in evil on support for violence is independent of right-wing authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, and dangerous world beliefs.
“You Can’t Rely on Somebody Else to Teach Them Something They Don’t Believe”
Authors: Vigilant Lee Garth , Trefethren Lauren Wold , Anderson Tyler C.
Published: September 2013

Homeschooling is a permanently established segment of the American education landscape encompassing nearly 2 million children. Drawing on in-depth interviews with 21 Christian homeschooling fathers in the upper Midwest, this study examines fathers’ perceptions of their place in the homeschooling movement and their rationalizations for homeschooling. The study’s findings suggest that homeschooling fathers have a keen sense of their duty of nurturing the home as a “protective cocoon” where concerted moral cultivation can take place. This forms the basis of a system of “total socialization” aimed at negating the influence of competing socialization agents. But underlying perceptions of the home as a protective cocoon is a legitimation crisis stemming from a loss of faith in American public education and its capacity to act as an agent of moral socialization for today’s youth.
Identity and Involvement Among Resident and Nonresident Fathers
Authors: Goldberg Julia S.
Published: September 2013

The literature on father involvement suggests that the value men ascribe to being a father is important for understanding their involvement with their children, yet this theory has received only limited empirical attention. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3,197), I examined the association between the psychological centrality of men’s father identity at the time their child was born and their trajectories of involvement during their child’s first 5 years, paying particular attention to differences by fathers’ residence status. I found that the centrality of the father identity predicted future levels of fathers’ involvement net of a large number of fathers’ personal and family characteristics and that these patterns generally remained stable over time. These results suggest that programs and interventions designed to enhance men’s father identity early in their child’s life may have long-lasting implications for their continued involvement with their children.
Hard Times and Heart Break
Authors: Williams Deadric T. , Cheadle Jacob E. , Goosby Bridget J.
Published: September 2013

We used the Fragile Families and Child Well-Being Study to examine an integrated mediational model linking economic hardship to relationship distress. Depressive symptoms, partner’s discord, parenting stress, and coparenting are combined into a joint model linking economic hardship to relationship distress among mothers and fathers in intimate relationships. Although economic hardship is significantly associated with each mediating factor, only discord is associated with both relationship distress and dissolution in the full model. Moreover, comparisons using multigroup structural equation modeling indicate that while economic hardship is associated with higher discord among both mothers and fathers, the influence is substantially larger among fathers. We suggest that the link between hardship and relationship distress is largely contingent on interactional processes (i.e., discord) and how mothers perceive their child’s father in the midst of economic hard times.
Neurosurgical procedures, Spinal nerve roots – one stage removal of thoracic dumb-bell tumor: role of spinal evoked potential
Authors: Srivastava Dharmendra Kumar , Singh Deepak , Tiwari Bhuwan Chandra , Awasthi Namarata , Hussain Nuzhat
Published: September 2013

We report a rare case of benign thoracic dumb-bell tumor in the upper posterior mediastinum, which was successfully removed by posterolateral thoracotomy and foraminotomy, using intraoperative monitoring of spinal motor-evoked potentials. This technique has many advantages including minimal morbidity and mortality, a single incision, one-step complete resection with adequate exposure, spinal stabilization, avoidance of laminectomy, nerve root identification, and good predicted postoperative function.
Tailor-made approach for quadricuspid aortic valve repair
Authors: Shimamoto Takeshi , Komiya Tatsuhiko , Maruo Takeshi , Sakaguchi Genichi
Published: September 2013

We describe the successful repair of a quadricuspid aortic valve in a 64-year-old man after attempted tricuspidization via detachment of a commissure of the accessory cusp failed. Bicuspidization via detachment of another commissure was successful. Quadricuspid aortic valve repair by bicuspidization, which surgically transforms 3 cusps into 1, may be a simple and reproducible technique if tricuspidization repair has failed.
Pneumonectomy: risk factor or innocent bystander?
Authors: Warwick Richard , Mediratta Neeraj , Shackcloth Michael , Page Richard , McShane James , Shaw Matthew , Poullis Michael
Published: September 2013

Background

Pneumonectomy is associated with a higher operative mortality rate and worse 5-year survival after resection for non-small-cell lung cancer, compared to lobectomy. We investigated whether pneumonectomy is an independent risk factor for hospital mortality and poor long-term survival, after risk factor adjustment.

Methods

We analyzed a prospectively validated thoracic surgery database. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were constructed for patients who had undergone lobectomy ( n = 1484) or pneumonectomy ( n = 266). Logistic and Cox multivariate regression analysis and propensity matching were performed on hospital mortality and long-term survival data.

Results

Univariate analysis demonstrated that pneumonectomy was a significant risk factor for hospital death ( p = 0.02) and long-term survival ( p < 0.001). Logistic regression failed to demonstrate pneumonectomy as a risk factor for hospital mortality. Cox regression analysis failed to identify pneumonectomy as a statistically significant risk factor. Propensity analysis ( n = 266 in each group with 1:1 matching) demonstrated that pneumonectomy was not associated with hospital mortality ( p = 0.37) or poorer long-term survival ( p = 0.19) compared to lobectomy.

Conclusion

Pneumonectomy is not an independent risk factor for hospital mortality or long-term survival, after adjustment for confounding factors.
Congenital bronchial atresia with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return
Authors: Okada Akira , Hirono Tatsuhiko , Watanabe Takehiro
Published: September 2013

A 35-year-old woman with a high fever had a cystic lesion of the right lung including fluid and air. She was diagnosed with an infected bronchial cyst caused by congenital bronchial atresia with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. She underwent a right upper lobectomy successfully. Patients with congenital bronchial atresia often have recurrent pulmonary infections with various imaging findings. The aberrant vein may relate to interruption of the bronchus in a patient with partial anomalous pulmonary venous return. Although segmental resection is recommended for this benign disease, lobar resection may be unavoidable because of adhesions or destruction of adjacent segments.
Local Enterprise Partnerships to deliver progressive social outcomes
Authors: Doyle Jennifer
Published: September 2013

This commentary piece seeks to outline the case for a ‘whole place’ approach to progressive economic development. It discusses how Local Enterprise Partnerships can expand their foci and considers the challenge for them of meeting social objectives. Local Enterprise Partnerships are not currently constructing coherent policy approaches to economic growth aspirations and social justice considerations. They offer an opportunity to enhance interplay between and within the commercial, public and social sector functions of the economy. It is through developing networks and relationships that Local Enterprise Partnerships can enhance resilience, and generate synergy to develop innovative solutions to socio-economic challenges. Universities and social enterprises are the exact sorts of organisations which are needed to support Local Enterprise Partnerships to ensure that these networks are given full consideration and representation in the strategic planning of local economies. The role of small-to-medium enterprises in delivering whole place economies is also important, and their views should be feed into strategic decision making at the local level, as arguably they have greater stakes in whole place economies. In conclusion, those Local Enterprise Partnerships who lead the way by embedding the social sector into their working practice will create the most sustainable economic and social benefits.
Differentiation of lung neoplasms with lepidic growth and good prognosis from those with poor prognosis using computer-aided 3D volumetric CT analysis and FDG-PET
Authors: Morimoto Daisuke , Takashima Shodayu , Sakashita Naohiro , Sato Yoshinobu , Jiang Binghu , Hakucho Tomoaki , Miyake Chie , Takahashi Yoshiyuki , Tomita Yasuhiko , Nakanishi Katsuyuki , Hosoki Takuya , Higashiyama Masahiko
Published: September 2013

Background

Many studies have reported that transverse computed tomography (CT) imaging findings correlate with prognosis of patients with small peripheral lung neoplasm with lepidic growth. However, no studies have examined this correlation with the aid of three-dimensional (3D) CT data.

Purpose

To determine the most efficacious imaging factor for differentiation of lepidic growth type lung neoplasms with good prognosis from those with poor prognosis.

Material and Methods

We evaluated CT findings, nodule patterns, SUVmax on FDG-PET/CT, as well as nodule volume and ratios of solid parts to nodule volume that were semi-automatically measured on CT images of 64 pulmonary nodules of ≤2 cm in 60 consecutive patients (24 men and 36 women; mean age, 65 years). For logistic modeling, we used all of the significant factors observed between the neoplasms with good and with poor prognosis as independent variables to estimate the statistically significant factors for discriminating invasive adenocarcinomas with lepidic growth (lesions with poor prognosis, n = 42) from the other neoplasms, including preinvasive lesions (lesions with good prognosis, n = 22), resulting in a recommendation for the optimal criterion for predicting lesions with poor prognosis.

Results

The logistic regression model identified the ratio of the solid part to the whole volume of a pulmonary nodule as the only significant factor ( P = 0.04) for differentiating lepidic growth type lung neoplasms with good prognosis from those with poor prognosis. A ratio of 0.238 or more showed the highest discriminatory accuracy of 84% with 91% sensitivity and 76% specificity.

Conclusion

Computer-aided analyses of pulmonary nodules proved most useful for establishing the optimal criterion for differentiation of lepidic growth type lung neoplasms with good prognosis from those with poor prognosis.
Effect of smoke-free legislation on smoking cessation rates in teachers in Manisa, Turkey
Authors: Coskun Aysin Sakar , Goktalay Tugba , Havlucu Yavuz , Dinc Gonul ,   the HAYAT Project Team
Published: September 2013

Objective:

This study investigated the attitudes of Turkish adults towards the ban on smoking in public areas and compared annual smoking cessation rates before (pre-2009) and after (post-2009) the ban became law, using data from a survey of teachers.

Methods:

A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data from teachers in Manisa, Turkey. Annual smoking rates were calculated. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify when a significant change occurred in the annual smoking cessation rate.

Results:

Questionnaire response rate was 79.6% (579/727); 47.8% (277) of respondents were male. Smoking prevalence among men and women was 32.7% and 24.7%, respectively, and 97.3% of nonsmokers and 75.5% of current everyday smokers supported the law changes. Results of the Joinpoint analysis showed no significant change in annual smoking cessation rate between 2001–2002 and 2006–2007; but there were significant reductions in smoking rates between 2007–2008 and 2010–2011.

Conclusions:

Teachers in Turkey have a positive attitude to the law on smoking. The smoking cessation rate in teachers was significantly increased by changes in legislation.
The relevance to firm valuation of research and development expenditure in the Australian health-care industry
Authors: Mitrione Lorena , Tanewski George , Birt Jacqueline
Published: September 2013

The health-care industry requires large expenditure on research and development (R&D), with many projects undergoing long development cycles, usually with uncertain outcomes. Extant research has mainly concentrated on the health-care industry in the United States, where R&D costs are expensed as incurred. Previous Australian research has found mixed results in relation to R&D expenditure and changes in share price. This study investigates whether R&D expenditure reported in the health-care industry since the introduction of IAS 38 is significantly associated with share price. Results of the study show that expensed R&D is value-relevant, while a comparison of the pre and post-IAS 38 periods (including pre-global financial crisis (GFC) and GFC periods) shows a statistically significant improvement in the explanatory power of the regression model post-IAS 38, suggesting that R&D expenditure reported under the new standard IAS 38 is more useful for decision-making by investors compared with reporting under AASB 1011.
Does cause congruence affect how different corporate associations influence consumer responses to cause-related marketing?
Authors: Chen Rong , Su Song , He Feng
Published: September 2013

This paper investigates how different corporate associations may influence consumer evaluations and purchase intention in response to cause-related marketing (CRM) and whether this impact is contingent on congruence between the cause and the company. Our experimental study, based on 660 participants, reveals that both corporate ability association and corporate social responsibility association may enhance product evaluation; this effect is mediated through company and CRM campaign evaluations. The study also reveals how these evaluations relate to purchase intention. Furthermore, by identifying the interplay between corporate associations and cause congruence, the study’s results suggest that incongruent causes are preferable for companies more strongly associated with corporate ability, whereas congruent causes are preferable for companies more strongly associated with social responsibility.
The Grass Is Greener in Non-Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math Classes
Authors: Thoman Dustin B. , Arizaga Jessica A. , Smith Jessi L. , Story Tyler S. , Soncuya Gretchen
Published: September 2013

When women feel pushed away by the “chilly climate” of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM), they seek situations where they experience greater social belonging. We tested whether feelings of belonging to competing (non-STEM) classes were associated with women’s interest in their STEM classes using an interval contingent diary methodology. We recruited 62 undergraduate women STEM majors concurrently enrolled in STEM and Humanities/Liberal Arts (H/LA) courses. We first assessed self-competence (SC) and self-liking (SL), and then every 2 weeks during the academic semester the participants were asked to report their feelings of belonging and interest in both types of courses (resulting in eight entries). For women with low felt SC and high SL, a greater feeling of belonging to their H/LA class throughout the semester was associated with less STEM class interest, above and beyond feelings of belonging in STEM. For all women, fluctuations in STEM class belonging mapped onto their STEM class interest but not their H/LA class interest. Results suggest not only that can women feel pushed out of STEM when they feel a low sense of belonging, but also that for women with specific self-esteem contingencies, competing experiences of belonging in non-STEM can pull interest away from STEM. Thus, to promote women’s greater participation in STEM, practitioners may need to consider the role of women’s broader motivational experiences across the curriculum.
Why are social scientists still reluctant to embrace email as data? An ethnographic examination of interactions within virtual teams
Authors: Au Yee Wei (Carol) , Marks Abigail
Published: September 2013

This research note examines why email is underused as a source of data within work and employment studies and provides an example of the usefulness of email for gaining a more detailed understanding of behaviour in the workplace. Three main reasons are identified for the hesitancy to use email as a source of data. Firstly, the confused role of email as formal and informal archival data as well as concerns regarding the immediate often non-deliberated exchanges; secondly, issues with access to and confidentiality of email data; finally, the challenges of triangulation of a data set which includes email data. The analysis of emails between virtual team members, alongside observational and interview methods, demonstrates how interactions between colleagues via email are subtly different to the way in which organizational members describe relationships in an interview situation and reveals how access to email data provides an additional resource in understanding behaviours within the workplace.
Dynamics of ambulatory surgery centers and hospitals market entry
Authors: Housman Michael , Al-Amin Mona
Published: September 2013

In this article, we investigate the diversity of healthcare delivery organizations by comparing the market determinants of hospitals entry rates with those of ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). Unlike hospitals, ASCs is one of the growing populations of specialized healthcare delivery organizations. There are reasons to believe that firm entry patterns differ within growing organizational populations since these markets are characterized by different levels of organizational legitimacy, technological uncertainty, and information asymmetry. We compare the entry patterns of firms in a mature population of hospitals to those of firms within a growing population of ASCs. By using patient-level datasets from the state of Florida, we break down our explanatory variables by facility type (ASC vs. hospital) and utilize negative binomial regression models to evaluate the impact of niche density on ASC and hospital entry. Our results indicate that ASCs entry rates is higher in markets with overlapping ASCs while hospitals entry rates are less in markets with overlapping hospitals and ASCs. These results are consistent with the notion that firms in growing populations tend to seek out crowded markets as they compete to occupy the most desirable market segments while firms in mature populations such as general hospitals avoid direct competition.
Seeing a Haptically Explored Face
Authors: Matsumiya Kazumichi
Published: September 2013

Current views on face perception assume that the visual system receives only visual facial signals. However, I show that the visual perception of faces is systematically biased by adaptation to a haptically explored face. Recently, face aftereffects (FAEs; the altered perception of faces after adaptation to a face) have been demonstrated not only in visual perception but also in haptic perception; therefore, I combined the two FAEs to examine whether the visual system receives face-related signals from the haptic modality. I found that adaptation to a haptically explored facial expression on a face mask produced a visual FAE for facial expression. This cross-modal FAE was not due to explicitly imaging a face, response bias, or adaptation to local features. Furthermore, FAEs transferred from vision to haptics. These results indicate that visual face processing depends on substrates adapted by haptic faces, which suggests that face processing relies on shared representation underlying cross-modal interactions.
Literacy and Numeracy Are More Heritable Than Intelligence in Primary School
Authors: Kovas Yulia , Voronin Ivan , Kaydalov Andrey , Malykh Sergey B. , Dale Philip S. , Plomin Robert
Published: September 2013

Because literacy and numeracy are the focus of teaching in schools, whereas general cognitive ability ( g, intelligence) is not, it would be reasonable to expect that literacy and numeracy are less heritable than g. Here, we directly compare heritabilities of multiple measures of literacy, numeracy, and g in a United Kingdom sample of 7,500 pairs of twins assessed longitudinally at ages 7, 9, and 12. We show that differences between children are significantly and substantially more heritable for literacy and numeracy than for g at ages 7 and 9, but not 12. We suggest that the reason for this counterintuitive result is that universal education in the early school years reduces environmental disparities so that individual differences that remain are to a greater extent due to genetic differences. In contrast, the heritability of g increases during development as individuals select and create their own environments correlated with their genetic propensities.
Childhood Socioeconomic Status Amplifies Genetic Effects on Adult Intelligence
Authors: Bates Timothy C. , Lewis Gary J. , Weiss Alexander
Published: September 2013

Studies of intelligence in children reveal significantly higher heritability among groups with high socioeconomic status (SES) than among groups with low SES. These interaction effects, however, have not been examined in adults, when between-families environmental effects are reduced. Using 1,702 adult twins (aged 24–84) for whom intelligence assessment data were available, we tested for interactions between childhood SES and genetic effects, between-families environmental effects, and unique environmental effects. Higher SES was associated with higher mean intelligence scores. Moreover, the magnitude of genetic influences on intelligence was proportional to SES. By contrast, environmental influences were constant. These results suggest that rather than setting lower and upper bounds on intelligence, genes multiply environmental inputs that support intellectual growth. This mechanism implies that increasing SES may raise average intelligence but also magnifies individual differences in intelligence.
Dyadic conflict in goal-relevant activities affects well-being and psychological functioning in employed parents: Evidence from daily time-samples
Authors: Hoppmann Christiane A. , Poetter Ulrich , Klumb Petra L.
Published: September 2013

This study examines the link between dyadic conflicts in goal-relevant activities and well-being using simultaneous daily life assessments from 59 employed parents who participated in a one-week time-sampling study. Findings indicate that partnerships characterized by conflicts regarding the simultaneous pursuit of goal-relevant activities are associated with low spousal affective well-being and psychological functioning as compared to partnerships allowing for a simultaneous pursuit of goals. The results of this study speak to the importance of investigating the interdependence among the daily activities of multiple actors when examining well-being and psychological functioning in employed parents.