bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histological organization of the spleen of rats under conditions of acute intoxication with viper venom Vipera berus berus
Authors: Maievskyi O. Ye. , Bobr A. M. , Gunas I. V. , Tkach G. F. , Maslii V. P. , Kyrychenko І. М. , Ihnatishchev M. R.
Published: December 2024

The immune system plays an important role in the body's response to numerous environmental factors, including snake venom toxins. The composition of snake venom and the specifics of its effect on the human body are quite diverse. The predominance of one or another component of the toxin becomes decisive for the appearance of complications or even death. The study aims to study the peculiarities of the histological organization of the spleen of rats under conditions of acute intoxication with Vipera berus berus viper venom. Experimental studies were carried out on white, non-linear male rats. The animals were conditionally divided into a control and an experimental group of 10 individuals. Experimental rats were injected intraperitoneally with a semi-lethal dose (LD50) (1.576 mg/g-1) of Vipera berus berus venom in a physiological solution. Animals of the control group were injected intraperitoneally with only a physiological solution. Rats were removed from the experiment 24 hours after exposure to the poison and anaesthetised by cervical dislocation. Spleen samples were taken for microscopic examination. Fixation of the material and preparation of paraffin blocks were carried out according to generally accepted methods. Histological preparations of the spleen were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Histological preparations were studied using an SEO SСAN light microscope. Acute intoxication with Vipera berus berus viper venom was associated with disorganization of the white pulp of the spleen of experimental animals, which manifested itself in the form of a loss of clarity and orderliness of the placement of its structural elements, poor visualization of the marginal zone of lymphoid nodules. An increase in the number of lymphoblasts characterized the germinal centres. Areas of spleen tissue destruction and hemorrhage were noted in the red pulp of the organ. The presence of foci of lymphocyte apoptosis, thickening of trabeculae, stasis and sludge of erythrocytes in the lumen of trabecular veins was also observed. Thus, under the influence of Vipera berus berus venom, disorganization of the white pulp is observed at the structural level of the rat spleen, and areas of organ destruction, lymphocyte apoptosis, and connective tissue proliferation are noted in the red pulp.
Histo-morphometric evaluation of post-augmentation bone tissue of the human mandible
Authors: Oshurko A. P. , Oliinyk I. Yu. , Мaystruk M. V. , Sukhliak V. V. , Tsurkan M. M. , Ruskovoloshyn D. V.
Published: December 2024

The clinical challenge of today is to restore the biological structure of atrophied bone tissue by combining methods of complex clinical rehabilitation, that is, intraosseous implantation and augmentation, in its interimplant sites. The aim of the study was to perform a histo-morphometric assessment of post-augmentation bone tissue using a combined technique of controlled autocellular transplantation with the use of bone allograft filler on edentulous distal segments of the human mandible with varying degrees and forms of atrophy. Trepanbiopsy specimens were used as the study material, after microtomy processing of which histological slides were prepared, followed by the accelerated May-Grunwald staining-fixation technique (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA). For the histomorphometric study, stained histological specimens of post-augmentation bone tissue were imaged with an optical microscope camera (Leica DMLB, Germany). The analysis was performed using the Fiji information software, with the formation of reconstructed mosaic digital micrographs for further histomorphometry. The results of the evaluation of controlled bone tissue formation (post-augmentation), which are the key tasks, novelty, and justification of modern and effective methods of rehabilitation of patients with acquired forms of atrophy in the edentulous distal segments of the human mandible, are illustrated by microphotographs and presented in detail in this paper by the percentage of the quality of cross-linking of the cortical layer. The ratio of the newly formed cortical layer of bone tissue to the total area of the post-augmentation tissue study was 61.30 %, with a lateral form of atrophy (according to J. Cawood and R. Howell: class IV), in the post-augmentation period – 4 months. The histo-morphometric assessment of the qualitatively formed cortical bone in the post-augmentation period of six months is 92.80 % of the total postoperative area. Therefore, it is biased to evaluate the quality of the formed bone in the mandible within the generally accepted average period of four months, although paraclinical densitometry shows positive values.
Modeling, based on discriminant analysis, the possibility of occurrence and features of the course of multiple sclerosis in Ukrainian women depending on the features of the structure and sizes of the body
Authors: Gunas M. M. , Moskovko G. S. , Nazarova M. S. , Kyrychenko Yu. V. , Prokopenko S. V. , Ruban M. M.
Published: December 2024

Considering the existence of different ways of the course of multiple sclerosis, the disability caused by this disease, modern medicine needs the creation of new, easy-to-use and cheap methods to solve this issue. Promising in this case may be the use of clinical anthropometry, which is already successfully used to predict the forms of development and severity of various diseases of various human organ systems. The objective of the study was to construct and analyze discriminant models predicting the likelihood and characteristics of multiple sclerosis progression in young Ukrainian women, based on anthropometric and somatotypological parameters. A clinical-laboratory and anthropo-somatotypological examination was conducted on 59 young Ukrainian women diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Disability levels were assessed using the Expanded Disability Status Scale. The control group consisted of primary anthropometric and somatotypological data from 101 healthy Ukrainian women of the same age group (sourced from the database of the Scientific and Research Center of the National Pirogov Memorial Medical University, Vinnytsya). Discriminant models predicting the occurrence and progression of multiple sclerosis based on body anthropo-somatotypological parameters were constructed using the licensed “Statistica 6.0” software. The analysis revealed significant discrimination between healthy individuals and the general multiple sclerosis patient group, as evidenced by the discriminant equations (Wilks' Lambda=0.052, p<0.001). Key contributors to the discrimination models for distinguishing healthy women from those with multiple sclerosis included pelvic dimensions (37.50 %, contributing the most), body circumferences and head dimensions (25.0 % each), and the transverse lower thoracic diameter of the torso (12.5 %). Further analysis differentiated women with multiple sclerosis based on the severity of their symptoms – mild, moderate, or moderately severe also demonstrated statistically significant differentiation (Wilks' Lambda=0.349, p<0.001). The most influential factors for mild, moderate, or moderately severe patients groups in these models were distal epiphyseal widths of long tubular bones in the extremities (33.33 %, contributing the most), pelvic conjugate diameter, maximum head length, the ectomorphic component of somatotype according to Heath-Carter, and the skeletal mass component according to Matiegka (each contributing 16.67 %). These findings underscore the importance of anthropometric and somatotypological parameters in predicting multiple sclerosis occurrence and progression severity in young Ukrainian women.
Ultrastructure of adrenal glands endocrinocytes after thermal skin injury under conditions of correction with cryo-lyophilized xenograft skin substrate
Authors: Kulbitska V. V. , Ohinska N. V. , Slabyy O. B. , Lisnychuk N. Ye. , Trach Rosolovska S. V. , Nebesnyi O. R. , Nebesna Z. M.
Published: December 2024

According to WHO studies, burn injuries are one of the most common injuries in the world, and their number has increased significantly due to the military actions in Ukraine. The adrenal glands, which regulates metabolism and participates in the body's defense reactions, is sensitive to burn injuries, which leads to morphological changes in the organ. The aim of the study was to investigate the ultrastructural changes in endocrinocytes of the adrenal glands after experimental thermal skin injury under conditions of correction with cryo-lyophilized xenograft skin substrate. A second-degree burn was modeled by applying heated copper plates to the skin of the back of laboratory male rats, which accounted for 18-20 % of the body surface. For electron microscopic analysis on days 7th, 14th, and 21st of the experiment, pieces of the adrenal glands were taken. They were fixed in a glutaraldehyde solution, post-fixed in osmium tetraoxide, and processed according to standard procedures. Ultrathin sections were contrasted with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and submicroscopic changes were studied using a PEM-125K electron microscope. On the 7th day after the burn with correction (using a cryo-lyophilized xenograft skin substrate), moderate changes in the ultrastructure of the nuclei and organelles of the endocrinocytes were found. Mitochondrial hyperplasia, changes in the shape of the nuclei and the presence of small clumps of heterochromatin in the karyoplasm were observed. On the 14th day, under the conditions of correction, there were signs of restoration of the cell ultrastructure, in particular, the structure of the nucleus and the membrane of the zona glomerulosa cells was restored, ribosomes and hypertrophied mitochondria with an electronically bright matrix appeared, as well as numerous lipid droplets. After 21 days, the ultrastructure of the cells of the zona glomerulosa was restored, and lipid droplets were evenly distributed in the cytoplasm. In the zona reticularis and adrenal medulla, changes in the submicroscopic organization of endocrinocytes were insignificant. We observed a uniform distribution of secretory granules in the cytoplasm of chromaffinocytes, mitochondrial recovery and unchanged ultrastructural organization of the organelles of the synthetic apparatus. Thus, the results of the study confirmed that the cryo-lyophilized xenograft skin substrate effectively promotes the restoration of the ultrastructure of adrenal endocrinocytes, reducing the degree of damage to cytoplasmic membranes, organelles of the synthetic apparatus of cells, endocrinocyte nuclei, especially activating the regeneration processes in the late stages after thermal skin injury.
SANITATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS IN HASSIMESSAOUD CITY (LOWER SAHARA - ALGERIA)
Authors: Belkacem Bitat  , Lamia Bouldjemar  , Amina Benelmadjat
Published: December 2024

The dysfunction of the liquid waste sanitation systems is noticeable in the city of Hassi-Messaoud: wastewater stagnates in empty spaces (sludge). The consequences of this dysfunction on the living environment and the natural ecosystem are becoming more and more serious and call for appropriate decisions from all the actors involved. In addition, the development of oil activities will lead to significant changes in the environment, particularly in water resources. Industrial pollution has very negative effects on the quality of water resources. It has to be treated at the plant level, especially to remove toxic elements. This situation suggests that if nothing is done to correct the situation, pollution could become a serious cause of water shortages in the future.
POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF Î±-GLUCOSIDASE AND Î±-AMYLASE ENZYMES FROM LOCALLY AVAIALABLE FRUIT WASTES BY SOLID STATE FERMENTATION
Authors: BARKAT ANUMSIMA AHMAD , Jamal Parveen , AZMI AZLIN SUHAIDA , NOORBACHA IBRAHIM ALI , ARBAIN DACHYAR , IDRIS ZULKARNAIN MOHAMED
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT: A   therapeutic   approach   for   treating   diabetes   is   to   decrease   the   post-prandial hyperglycaemia. This is done by retarding the absorption of glucose through the inhibition of the carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes, Î±-amylase and Î±-glucosidase, in the digestive tract. Inhibition of both the enzymes help to reduce the glucose level in the blood of a diabetic patient. This study was aimed to investigate the production of Î±-glucosidase and Î±-amylase inhibitors from local fruit wastes (honeydew skin, banana peel, and pineapple skin) using solid state fermentation. Each of the fruit wastes was fermented with three different types of white rot fungus Phenarochaete chrysosporium (P.chrysosporium), Panus tigrinus MQR609 (M6) and RO2) for 7 days. Sampling was carried out starting from day 4 to day 7 to determine the enzyme inhibition activity. The samples were extracted using water prior to enzyme analysis. Most of the fruit samples showed varying degree of percentage inhibition activity depending on the sampling time. Extract of fermented banana peels with RO2 on day 4 showed higher potential of Î±-glucosidase inhibition (56.57Â±0.32%). Followed with honeydew extract fermented with the same fungus on the same day showed 39.68Â±0.05%. Extracts of each fruit wastes sample fermented with P.chrysosporium showed least potential of Î±-glucosidase inhibition (below15%). While for Î±-amylase inhibition activity, the extract from fermented honeydew skins with P.chrysosporium on day 7 showed the highest potential inhibition activity 98.29Â±0.63%. The least potential inhibition activity (43.37Â±0.54%) was observed in extract from honeydew skins fermented with M6 on day 5. All the positive result showed that fruit waste could be an alternative source for antidiabetic agent especially for Î±-amylase and Î±-glucosidase inhibitors.
ENHANCED FLEXIBILITY OF POLYLACTIC ACID/EPOXIDIZED PALM OIL/PINEAPPLE FIBER COMPOSITES
Authors: Ali Fathilah binti , MOHAMAD NUR LISA FARHANA , AZMI AZLIN SUHAIDA , BARRE MOHAMED SOLEIMAN , ANUAR HAZLEEN , JAMALUDDIN JAMAROSLIZA
Published: December 2024

The concern about our dependency on non-renewable resources and overwhelming environmental issues such as pollution caused by non-degradable packaging materials has prompted researchers to come up with alternatives to solve this problem. Thermoplastic polylactic acid (PLA) has been gaining interest due to its versatility and easy processability, thus this study was carried out to find out the properties of PLA reinforced with pineapple fibers. However, surface of the natural fibers need to be treated for better properties enhancement in the polymer matrices. Considering this, the fibers were treated with 10% (w/v) concentration of potassium hydroxide (KOH) and then continued for mixing with PLA at a fixed ratio of plasticizer by using internal mixer, and then the composites were prepared into sheet via hot press. Characterization for the mechanical and morphological was conducted by using tensile testing and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. After the analysis, it is found that the surface treated pineapple fiber composite showed better elongation at break compared to untreated fiber composite.
TECHNO-ECONOMIC EVALUATION FOR INTEGRATED CULTIVATION OF COFFEE AND STINGLESS BEES IN WEST JAVA, INDONESIA
Authors: Adam Abdurrahman , Hakim Muhammad Naufal , Oktaviani Lina , Inderaja Bagoes Muhammad , Manurung Robert , Putra Ramadhani Eka , Abduh Muhammad Yusuf
Published: December 2024

:  In 2018, Indonesia is the fourth largest coffee producing country globally. Unfortunately, coffee productivity in Indonesia was gradually decreasing between 2017 and 2018. This could reduce the income of coffee farmers and affects the national supply chain of coffee. A biorefinery concept may be applied  to raise the economic value of coffee bioindustry. This study investigates techno-economic analysis for integrated cultivation of coffee and stingless bees in Cibodas, Indonesia. Three scenarios were proposed and compared with each other in terms of gross profit margin.  The first scenario considered only the production of green coffee bean, whereas the second scenario included additional utilization of coffee pulp by-product from the production of green coffee bean to produce cascara. The third scenario integrated the production of green coffee bean and cascara with the cultivation of stingless bees, Tetragonula laeviceps, using Modular Tetragonula Hives to produce propolis and honey. A techno-economic analysis was carried out for the latter scenario because it had the highest value of gross profit margin (13.7). The production cost of propolis extract from the proposed system was estimated at $15.1/kg with a breakeven point of 1817 kg. The proposed system also produced green coffee bean, cascara and honey as the co-products. A sensitivity analysis was also carried out to determine the influence of production capacity, price of raw materials and employees’ salary on the production of propolis. The employees' salary has a very strong influence on the production cost of propolis followed by price of raw materials and production capacity.
OPTIMIZATION OF CO-DIGESTION PROCESS OF FOOD WASTE AND SEWAGE SLUDGE USING ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK AND GENETIC ALGORITHM
Authors: Mansor Mariatul Fadzillah , Jamaludin Nurul Syazwana , Ahmad Tajuddin Husna
Published: December 2024

Food waste is a major global issue especially in developed countries. This is because of the abundance of food waste in landfills has contributed to the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG). Therefore, by using anaerobic co-digestion technology, food waste (FW) can be used as a substrate with sewage sludge (SS) to produce a valuable product such as methane gas. In order to find the optimal ratio of FW to SS as well as substrate-to-inoculum (SI) ratio for the highest methane production, the present study utilizes the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Genetic Algorithm (GA) model. This study is based on the secondary data sources from various research papers and articles. The digester operational parameters such as mixed substrate ratio and SI ratio were considered. The optimal feedstock ratio was evaluated based on its biochemical methane potential (BMP). The performance of the ANN model was verified to be effective in predicting the methane production accurately with a desirable R2-value of 0.9838 and 0.9976. The trained ANN model was coupled with GA to optimize the methane production and to find the optimal feedstock ratio. The result of optimal mixed substrates ratio of FW:SS and SI ratio are similar which is 50:50 with the highest methane production of 454.4 mL CH4/kg volatile solids (VS).  However, the comparison of BMP from different substrates ratio shows inconsistency on the optimal ratio. Hence, other parameters such as particle size and mixing rate should be considered.
The Potential Impact of Environment at the Leachate Treatment Plant in Kashi
Authors: M.B. Hussien Warqaa , Ahmed Kabbashi Nassereldeen
Published: December 2024

Waste disposal is one of the biggest problems that the Dohuk city is faced, the government searched for finding the most effective waste disposal that suitable with their weather and amount of solid waste. The municipality of Dohuk found the landfill in Kashi is the solution for the solid waste problem, Kasha is region far away from the center of Dohuk by 20 km nearly; Kashi received about 2000ton of solid waste per day only from the center of Dohuk and Sumel. The process of landfill as we know is confined area and covered with layers of soil it is required by liner at the bottom of the pit to prevent the leachate or the liquid from solid waste to contaminate the groundwater and the soil.
Landfilling has negative impact on environment such as after a while or may be now producing toxic gases which are released to the air and ground because the waste cannot rot and lead to effect on environment, organization intends to construct a leachate treatment facility to help improve the quality of life for those who live in the region and are directly affected by the effluent from the plant, through effective treatment technologies and waste-management practices. For these reasons The environmental monitoring plan should include procedures on carrying out the necessary activities to monitor the effluent discharge such as the conditions of leachate (quantity and quality), gaseous emissions, groundwater and surface water, etc.
INTERESTERIFICATION OF CRUDE PALM OIL BY THERMOMYCES LANUGINOSA: A MINI REVIEW
Authors: Halim Azamudin , Veny Harumi , Sulaiman Sarina
Published: December 2024

This paper reviews the interesterification of crude palm oil by Thermomyces lanuginosa. Interesterification also has several advantages such as producing the highest biodiesel production yield and the reaction for the synthesis of biodiesel is based on the use of methyl acetate instead of the more commonly used alcohol. However, this method also has its disadvantages such as operations at very high pressures (20–40 MPa), high temperatures (350–400 °C) and higher production costs. The performance of Lipozyme TL-IM for transesterification reaction was greatly improved by the ultrasound-assisted approach with a higher yield of biodiesel and a significant reduction of time of reaction from 24 to 4 h.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Yaşam Doyumlarının Bir Belirleyicisi Olarak Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar
Authors: Türk Ahmet
Published: December 2024

Önemli bir yaşam evresi olan üniversite yıllarında öğrenciler hem akademik hem de kişisel gelişimlerine yönelik önemli zorluklarla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Bu zorluklar öğrencilerin yaşamdan almış oldukları doyumu etkileyebilmektedir. Öte yandan bireylerin yaşam doyumlarını etkileyen pek çok faktör bulunmaktadır. Bireylerin yaşam doyumunu belirleyen temel unsurları anlamak için etkili bir çerçeve sunan temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlar kuramına göre özerklik, yeterlik ve ilişkide olma ihtiyaçlarının karşılanması, bireylerin ruh sağlığını ve genel yaşam doyumunu önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu bağlamda bu araştırma üniversite öğrencilerinin yaşam doyum düzeylerini saptamak ve temel psikolojik ihtiyaçlarının karşılanma düzeyinin yaşam doyumuna etkisini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tarama modelinin kullanıldığı araştırmaya 245’i (%56,5) kız ve 189’u (%43,5) erkek olmak üzere 434 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır. Öğrencilerin yaş ortalaması x̄=20,75±1,47’tir. Araştırmada veriler kişisel bilgi formu, Temel Psikolojik İhtiyaçlar Ölçeği ve Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmada betimleyici istatistiklerin yanı sıra Pearson korelasyon ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizleri uygulanmıştır. Betimleyici bulgular öğrencilerin orta düzeyde yaşam doyumuna sahip olduğunu ve en fazla ilişki ihtiyaçlarının karşılandığını göstermektedir. Korelasyon analizinde yaşam doyumu ile özerklik, yeterlik ve ilişki ihtiyacı arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı düzeyde bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizinde özerklik, yeterlik ve ilişki ihtiyacının yaşam doyumunu pozitif yönde anlamlı düzeyde yordadığı görülmüştür. Bulgulardan öğrencilerin özerklik, yeterlik ve ilişki ihtiyaçlarının karşılanma düzeyi arttıkça yaşam doyumlarının yükseldiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, üniversite öğrencilerine yönelik psikolojik destek ve sosyal uyum programlarının tasarlanmasında temel ihtiyaçların karşılanmasına odaklanılması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.
On the approach to constructing an algorithm for selecting students for project work within the framework of the “New Trajectory” project
Authors: Boyarskaya Tatyana Alexandrovna , Barkov Vladimir Ivanovich
Published: December 2024

The article describes an algorithm for selecting students to participate in project activities, which includes three key steps: creating a list of applicants, testing for knowledge of the basics of project management, and an interview to identify leadership qualities. The article emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach to the development of knowledge and practical skills, as well as the need to motivate students to successfully participate in project activities.
The impact of metal oxide-based nanofertilisers on the physicochemical properties of agricultural plants
Authors: Hudzovskyi Artem , Demianenko Iryna , Levtun Igor
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of existing research on the effects of metal oxide-based nanofertilisers, such as zinc oxide (ZnO), iron oxide (Fe2 O3 ), and titanium dioxide (TiO2 ), on plant development and growth. The research methodology was based on the analysis of scientific articles examining the influence of nanofertilisers composed of ZnO, Fe2 O3 , and TiO2 on the physicochemical properties of crops such as wheat and soya beans. The study employed methods such as the analysis, generalisation, and comparison of various research findings. It explored multiple aspects of using these nanofertilisers, including their effects on improving the growth, development, and health of agricultural crops, particularly wheat and soya beans, the determination of optimal concentrations, and potential risks that may impact productivity and environmental safety. Given the challenges associated with enhancing agricultural efficiency, reducing environmental impact, and ensuring stable yields, the research aimed to identify optimal concentrations of nanofertilisers that could maximise positive effects on plants without the risk of adverse consequences. The literature review included an analysis of laboratory experiment results involving the use of various concentrations of nanofertilisers at different stages of plant development. Key parameters examined in these experiments, such as chlorophyll content in leaves, antioxidant enzyme activity, water balance, and root growth and development, were discussed. The review suggested that low to moderate concentrations of nanofertilisers have a positive effect on photosynthetic activity, root system development, and the overall condition of plants. However, it was emphasised that high concentrations of nanofertilisers can inhibit plant growth and lead to negative consequences. These findings highlighted the importance of precise dosing and careful monitoring when applying nanofertilisers to achieve optimal results. The research demonstrated the significant potential of metal oxide-based nanofertilisers in agriculture to enhance crop resilience to environmental stress factors and improve their productivity
Diagnostics and bioremediation of soils affected by military operations in Ukraine
Authors: Biliavska Liudmyla , Iutynska Galyna , Loboda Mariia , Ropotilov Bohdan , Skrotskyi Serhii
Published: December 2024

As a result of the full-scale invasion, extensive areas of agroecosystems suffered from toxic substances, which made the issue of restoring damaged land through the destruction of pollutants relevant. The purpose of this study was to substantiate and systematise diagnostic indicators for characterising soil bioactivity and to develop scientific approaches to bioremediation of damaged land. The study employed the method of analysing existing approaches to solving problems, the method of comparing data on the number of microorganisms of the main ecological and functional groups, which was determined according to the method of sowing soil suspensions on agarified nutrient media. The indices of microbial processes were calculated. Bioremediation measures were performed by introducing microbial biomass and culture fluids into the soil: Dietzia maris IMV B-7350, Rhodococcus erythropolis IMV B-7351, Bacilus subtilis IMV B-7349, Pseudomonas aureofaciens IMV B-7558, and Streptomyces violaceus IMV Ac-5027. The findings of the study showed that the level of microbiota repression in the soil affected by the explosions was exceedingly high compared to the undamaged soil. The most sensitive were phosphate-mobilising, nitrogen-fixing, amylolytic (including streptomycetes) microorganisms. In the soil from the bomb crater, the number of nitrogen-fixing and streptomycetes was 7% and 8% of the control, respectively, oligotrophic and amylolytic – 19.2% and 23.6%; phosphatemobilising – 26%. In the soil damaged by an anti-tank shell explosion, the number of amylolytic, phosphate-mobilising, nitrogen-fixing, oligotrophic, and streptomycetes bacteria was 1.5%-10% of the control soil. The microbiota was repeatedly analysed 6 months after soil bioremediation. In the soil from the bomb crater, the number of phosphate-mobilising and nitrogen-fixing microorganisms increased and was 1.5-3.8 times greater than in the undamaged control, while the number of streptomycetes increased 12 times compared to the damaged soil. In the soil from the unexploded ordnance crater, the amount of phosphate mobilisers was 2.5 times higher than in the control, while the number of streptomycetes and nitrogen fixers increased 5.9 and 20.5 times, respectively, compared to the damaged soil. After bioremediation measures, the soil samples under study can be classified as either slightly toxic or non-toxic. The practical value of this study lies in the effectiveness of the proposed bioremediation approach, which is crucial for the further development of soil remediation measures in the context of the destruction of the Ukrainian agroecosystem
Milk production trends in Ukraine
Authors: Pashchenko Oksana , Zharikova Оlena , Lymar Olena , Alexandrov Dmytro
Published: December 2024

During 2015-2023, the dairy industry faced challenges that led to a decrease in the number of cows, a decline in production, a decline in its competitiveness, and an imbalance between supply and demand in the internal market. Considering the political and economic situation, it was necessary to solve the problems of dairy production, provide the country’s population with high-quality dairy products, and increase their exports to global markets. The study was conducted using abstract and logical, statistical, and tabular methods to collect, process, and analyse information on milk production, cow numbers and their productivity, feed consumption, and the formation of market offers. The graphical method was employed to investigate the share of milk production, the distribution of self-sufficiency, the dynamics of livestock keeping, and the average annual milk yield. The study analysed milk production and examined the share of production in the structure of gross agricultural output in 2015-2023. The study analysed the balance of production and consumption, examined the distribution of Ukrainian regions by the level of milk self-sufficiency, formed a rating of regions by production per capita in 2021. The study analysed and grouped enterprises by livestock, developed a map of the number of cows in farms in 2023, and considered the average annual milk yield in 2015-2023. The study found that to improve the situation in milk production, it is necessary to comprehensively consider state support that will help increase production and create suitable economic and legal conditions for the gradual transformation of enterprises into family farms or dairy cooperatives. The article identified the main problems of milk production in Ukrainian farms, developed ways to address them, and highlighted the practical value of an integrated approach to measures that will improve the quality and competitiveness of dairy products in the domestic and foreign markets
Specifics of translation rendering of concept justice / справедливість in Ukrainian translations of english international legal discourse
Authors: Blidchenko-Naiko Viktoriia
Published: December 2024

The article focuses on the study of the translation reproduction of the concept of justice / справедливість in Ukrainian translations of international legal documents. The aim of the article is to identify translation transformations that are used to reproduce the structural and conceptual features of the concept under consideration and can influence the de-intensification of the semantic relationship between the concept justice / справедливість and its structural components in the original English text and its Ukrainian translation. To solve the goal, the method of comparative translation analysis has been used in combination with contextual-interpretive analysis. The article reached the following main results. During the reproduction of structural and conceptual features of the concept of justice / справедливість in Ukrainian translations of English-language documents of international law, the translator used the following basic translation transformations: syntactic transformations of substituting verbal adverb phrase by subordinate clauses, transformations of addition, omission and change of word order; modulation transformations; grammatical transformations - part of speech re-categorization of noun to adjective and noun to pronoun; replacement of the active voice in the original text with the passive voice in the text of the Ukrainian translation. Some translation transformations can weaken the relationship between the concept of justice / справедливість and its conceptual features. In particular, the use of syntactic transformations may result in the rupture of the synonymous row, which designates the cognitive features of the concept and thus de-intensify the connection between these features and the concept of justice / справедливість. Weakening of this connection is also facilitated by the transformation of omission and addition - if they structurally "distance" (at the level of connotative meaning) nominative units with the seme "justice" from their normative and semantic definition, as well as grammatical transformation of substitution active voice into passive
Age structure and growth of Dryophytes japonicus (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae) on Sakhalin and Kunashir Islands (Russian Far East)
Authors: Kidov A.A. , Ivolga R.A. , Kondratova T.E.
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of studying the age and growth in island populations of the Japanese tree frog, Dryophytes japonicus (Günther, 1859), by the skeletochronology method. The material was collected in the last ten days of July 2023 on Sakhalin Island (Pionery village, Kholmsky District) and on Kunashir Island (between the Yuzhno-Kurilsk settlement, Lagunnoe village, and Otrada village). In total, preparations (sections of the third phalanx from a hind-limb finger) from 91 individuals were studied: 43 from Sakhalin (25 immature, 1 female, and 17 males) and 48 from Kunashir (3 immature, 6 females, and 39 males). The average age of sexually mature males from Sakhalin was 1–5 years (on average 3.2±1.60) and from Kunashir 1–8 years (on average 2.6±1.61). The estimated life expectancy of males after puberty on Sakhalin was 3.88 years (S = 0.704) and on Kunashir 3.13 years (S = 0.620). The only adult female captured on Sakhalin was 2 years old. The age of adult females on Kunashir was 2–6 years (on average 3.0±1.55). The estimated life expectancy of females on Kunashir after reaching puberty was 2.70 years (S = 0.545). The body length of males on Sakhalin was 36.17–41.07 mm (on average 38.50±1.66) and on Kunashir 35.17–43.13 mm (on average 39.41±2.07). The body length of females on Kunashir was 39.81–45.18 mm (on average 42.17±1.93). The aggregate of females of all ages on Kunashir was statistically significantly larger than aggregates of males from each locality. Body lengths of males of all ages from Sakhalin and Kunashir did not differ between them. Body lengths of sexually mature hylids of different ages and sexes from Sakhalin and Kunashir differed significantly. Dryophytes japonicus in both localities grow intensively until puberty, after which their growth rate slows down. The body length of males increased statistically significantly with age. It is noted that tree frogs on Sakhalin and Kunashir reach puberty (males after the first wintering and females after the second) earlier than individuals from mainland populations, with island D. japonicus being characterised by similar longevity to mainland populations. It is assumed that this phenomenon is due to the mild climate of this island and the almost complete absence of predators.
Аварія на Ленінградській АЕС (1975) у контексті передумов Чорнобиля
Authors: Юсов Святослав , Шеретюк Валерій , Карпухіна Тетяна
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study is to reconstruct and analyze a set of issues related to the accident at the Leningrad NPP in the context of clarifying the prerequisites of the Chernobyl disaster. Our study examines issues related to the accident at Unit 1 of the Leningrad NPP (LNPP) in 1975. This is the largest accident in the «pre-Chernobyl» period, a precursor to Chernobyl. This topic remains ignored in domestic historical scientific literature. The article by the co-authors, based on published sources, mostly memoirs, attempts to highlight a number of aspects related to the accident at the Leningrad NPP. The research methodology is based on a combination of general scientific (analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical-genetic, historical-typological, historical-comparative) methods with the principles of historicism, systematicity, scientificity and verification. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the development of aspects related to the problems of the history of nuclear energy in the USSR is almost not studied in domestic historical science. In this regard, in particular, the study of the prehistory and prerequisites of the Chernobyl disaster is important. Conclusions. It was established that the design of the RBMK-1000 reactor and other technological systems of the power unit were far from perfect. It has been established that the design of the RBMK-1000 reactor and other technological systems of the power unit were far from perfect. It is shown that the process of improving the reactor installation took place during installation and operation, including through various experiments. The available sources to a certain extent make it possible to reconstruct the causes, prerequisites, nature and circumstances of this accident. First of all, it is found that the accident revealed serious shortcomings of the RBMK-1000 reactor. The article highlights the socio-economic and human factors of the accident. In particular, it is shown that at Soviet nuclear power plants the policy of prioritizing the plan for generating electricity over the requirements of regulatory documents for the safe operation of the reactor dominated. A similar phenomenon occurred at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant (ChNPP). Based on the sources, it was possible to clarify the key role in creating the accident of a certain person, namely the senior reactor control engineer Mikhail Karrask. Our study also pays attention to covering the work of the special commission to investigate the accident. In this regard, it was particularly important to understand whether information about the nature of the accident and the commission's recommendations on improving the operation of the RBMK-1000 reactor reached the attention of the personnel of other nuclear power plants, primarily the Chernobyl NPP.
Стратегії формувального оцінювання під час навчання математики у 5-6 класах
Authors: Забранський Віталій
Published: December 2024

Formative assessment is an essential element of modern educational practice. This article explores the essence of the concept of formative assessment and strategies for formative assessment during the teaching of mathematics to students in grades 5-6, offering recommendations for the use of formative assessment tools in the practical work of mathematics teachers. Scientific-methodological literature analysis and observation of the educational process, including the work of teachers and students' reactions, were used to obtain objective information about the effectiveness of teaching methods. Approaches to organizing the learning process, taking into account the age-specific development of students in grades 5-6, are proposed, which encourage active student participation in their own learning and contribute to the development of their cognitive and social skills, including group work. Strategies of formative assessment, such as reflection, self-assessment, and others, are analyzed, allowing for the involvement of students in this process and focusing on their individual needs. Considering the age-specific development of students in grades 5-6, specific tools, methodologies, and techniques are proposed, including group work, which help engage students in active learning activities and contribute to increasing motivation for learning mathematics during formative assessment and its impact on the quality of formation of mathematical competencies.
Впровадження деяких спеціальних технологій інклюзивного навчання математики учнів з синдромом дефіциту уваги та гіперактивністю
Authors: Яценко Світлана
Published: December 2024

The article demonstrates the possibilities of using cooperative learning and fairy-tale therapy as separate technologies for teaching mathematics for students with special educational needs who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Such technologies as corporate training, fairy-tale therapy contribute to the development of confidence in the abilities of students with SEN, since in small groups all students must be active as listeners and speakers. For them, the behavior of classmates becomes a good example of an equal and friendly attitude towards everyone in the group. As a result, in addition to the positive socialization that all students need, the level of interest in acquiring knowledge increases in students with SEN. Storytelling adds emotional richness to the lesson and contributes to a positive attitude towards learning new material in mathematics. A child with ADHD can feel like the hero of a fairy tale-task and therefore more willingly undertakes to solve them. With these technologies, a child with ADHD participates more actively in learning mathematics, feels like an integral part of the class. Cooperative learning and storytelling become tools for increasing interest in mathematics.
The research results were obtained through the use of empirical (experiment, observation, description) and theoretical (analysis, generalization, induction) methods. The proposed methodology demonstrates ways of implementing the ideas of inclusive education in the educational space.
Проектна діяльність в системі професійної підготовки майбутніх вчителів математики
Authors: Яценко Світлана , Сергійко Дар’я
Published: December 2024

In extremely difficult conditions, domestic teachers need to focus even more attention on preparing students for independent life. The formation of a student's personality is more important than ever, not in the aspect of accumulating knowledge, but in the ability to see a problem, in the formation of a critical approach to information processing, the choice of what is important and the ability to see goals, set tasks, look for solutions, correct by analyzing one's mistakes, and analyze the results obtained etc. As practice shows, the modern teacher still lacks the knowledge to organize such activities of students. Therefore, improving the quality of teacher training is possible by ensuring a competency-based approach, which involves combining theoretical knowledge with their practical skills. In our opinion, it is the involvement of students in project activities (creation of their own projects) in the system of their professional education that will create the conditions for solving this problem. Scientists offer a place for theoretical aspects of students' training in project activities. However, the question of including the project activities of students of mathematical specialties in the system of their professional training remains unresolved. In particular, there are no studies of this problem when teaching students in the "Elementary Mathematics" course. This article demonstrates the expediency and possibilities of including future teachers of mathematics in the project activity during the study of the educational discipline "Elementary Mathematics" as a means of forming life competencies of the individual. As a result of such inclusion: students' cognitive activity is intensified; their creative abilities develop; economic and financial literacy of students as active members of society is formed; there is an active inclusion of theoretical knowledge in the practical process; the ability to work in a team is formed.
Психологічні та педагогічні засади формування інформаційно-комунікативної компетентності школярів в умовах змішаного навчання
Authors: Андрієвська Марина , Михайленко Любов
Published: December 2024

Modern education is undergoing significant changes due to the development of information technologies, particularly the increasing popularity of blended learning. In connection with the rapid information and digital advancement, there arises a necessity to form information and communication competence in students. This competence implies confident, critical, and responsible use of digital technologies for personal development and communication, as well as the ability to safely apply information and communication tools in educational and other life situations while adhering to the principles of academic integrity.
The mathematical education sector is an essential component of general education, which also requires adaptation to the new conditions of blended learning. Therefore, there is a need for in-depth research into the psychological and pedagogical foundations of forming information and communication competence in students within the context of blended learning. This article analyzes psychological and pedagogical literature and explores the works of researchers focusing on the psychological and pedagogical principles of developing students' information and communication competence in blended learning, specifically in mathematics classes.
The conclusion emphasizes that for effective development of information and communication competence in blended learning settings, it is essential to consider cognitive, social, and emotional factors, which will help create a learning environment where students can not only acquire knowledge but also develop their information and communication skills necessary for the modern information society.
Теорія і практика формувального оцінювання на уроках геометрії: огляд закордонних публікацій
Authors: Тютюнник Діана
Published: December 2024

Formative assessment plays an important role in modern education. Formative assessment is an assessment that takes place throughout the learning process. Therefore, teachers have an important role to play in mastering appropriate approaches to formative assessment. According to previous research, some teachers are unable to understand the role of formative assessment in learning, which prevents them from using it effectively in the classroom. Because of this problem, many researchers have conducted studies related to the practice of formative assessment in schools.
The article discusses the problem of formative assessment, which is becoming increasingly relevant in the world and Ukrainian pedagogical practice, in particular in the context of teaching geometry. Formative assessment, which was developed in the second half of the twentieth century, involves not only testing knowledge, but also providing constructive feedback aimed at adjusting the learning process. The article analyses the results of foreign studies that show the positive impact of formative assessment on students' academic performance, development of critical thinking, motivation and independence. The article emphasises the need to integrate this approach into mathematics teaching in Ukraine, taking into account foreign experience. Particular attention is paid to the psychological aspects of implementing assessment and the use of new technologies to improve learning.
Formative assessment is seen as a tool that adapts to the individual needs of students, stimulates self-regulation, and promotes a deeper understanding of geometric concepts.