bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Far-field disentanglement of modes in hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals by fluorescence nano-reporters
Authors: Ungureanu Simona , Kolaric Branko , Chen Jianing , Hillenbrand Rainer , Vallée Renaud A. L.
Published: June 2013

In this paper, the resonance modes exhibited by a hybrid nanostructure have been disentangled in the far-field owing to narrow-band fluorescence nano-reporters. Hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals were fabricated using large (457 nm) monodisperse polystyrene spheres self-assembled into 2D photonic crystals and subsequently coated by a 30 nm thick silver layer. Such structures exhibit a complex resonance pattern, which has been elucidated owing to numerical simulations and electric near-field patterns obtained with a scattering type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM). For the sake of disentangling the resonance modes of the hybrid structure in the far-field, different types of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), acting as nano-reporters of the local interactions, were dispersed on top of distinct structures. Depending on the relative overlap of the emission spectrum of a particular type of QDs with the resonance features of the hybrid structure, we affect their emission rate in a unique way, as a consequence of the complex interaction occurring between the plasmo-photonic modes and the excitons. Such plasmonic structures appear to be particularly relevant for fluorescence-based sensing devices.
Great minds think alike. Experimental study on lexical alignment in human-agent interaction
Authors: Rosenthal-von der Pütten Astrid M. , Wiering Leonard , Krämer Nicole
Published: June 2013

Based on first results on lexical alignment towards computers demonstrating that human users adapt their word choice to that of a computer, it was tested whether participants will also adapt to a virtual agent within a tutoring setting. In an experimental between subjects design (N = 40) participants were presented with information on three medical topics by a virtual agent either using lay language or technical terms. Results show that participants aligned to the word choice of the agent in both conditions, while there were no effects for perceived competence and likeability.
Multistatus Interaktionsgeräte für interaktive Tische
Authors: Kunz Andreas , Fjelds Morten , Alavi Ali
Published: June 2013

In diesem Beitrag werden ein Verfahren und ein Prototyp vorgestellt, die es ermöglichen, viele Interaktionsgeräte gleichzeitig auf einer interaktiven Tischfläche zu betreiben, ohne dass die Reaktionszeit des Systems hierdurch reduziert wird. Darüber hinaus können die Interaktionsgeräte aktiv ihren Zustand über ein mehrstelliges Bitwort an das System signalisieren. Dies erlaubt eine zusätzliche, hochauflösende Eingabe von Information.
Crystal structure of catena-bis(µ3-5-methoxyisophthalato)-bis(µ2-1,6- bis(imidazol-1-yl)-hexane)nickel(II), [Ni2(CH3OC8H3O4)2(C12H18N4)2], C42H48N8Ni2O10
Authors: Hong Dong-Feng , Han Min-Le
Published: June 2013

C42H48N8Ni2O10, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.326(2) Å, b = 10.128(2) Å, c = 25.109(4) Å, α = 97.935(2)°, β = 97.815(2)°, γ = 99.716(2)°, V = 2039.1 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0496, wRref(F2) = 0.1443, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of (E)-5-ethoxy-4-(4-oxo-1-phenylpent-1-en-2-yl)furan- 3-(2H)-one, C17H18O4
Authors: Wang Qiang , Ma Shuqi , Feng Lin
Published: June 2013

C17H18O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.437(2) Å, b = 17.895(4) Å, c = 8.661(2) Å, β = 91.58(3)°, V = 1462.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0531, wRref(F2) = 0.1336, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of 4,4'-bipyridine–chloroacetic acid (1:2), C10H8N2 · 2 C2H3ClO2, C14H14Cl2N2O4
Authors: Qi Ying-Yu , Zhang Shu-Xia
Published: June 2013

C14H14Cl2N2O4, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 9.339(5) Å, b = 4.237(2) Å, c = 20.02(1) Å, β = 90.326(8)°, V = 792.0 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0588, wRref(F2) = 0.1776, T = 296 K.
Crystal Structure Of Cadmium Iridium, Cd41Ir8
Authors: Feng Xian-Juan , Xiong Ding-Bang , Prots Yurii , Schnelle Walter , Zhao Jing-Tai , Grin Yuri
Published: June 2013

Cd41Ir8, trigonal, R3̅ (no. 148), a = 14.8489(6) Å, c = 15.980(1) Å, V = 3051.4(4) Å3, Z = 3, Rgt(F) = 0.037, wRref(F2) = 0.067, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of orthorhombic-catena-((µ5-adipato-κ4O,O':O,O')-lead(II)), C6H8O4Pb
Authors: Zhao Dan , Liang Peng , Li Yan-Pin , Liu Qian-Qian , Li Wen-Long
Published: June 2013

C6H8O4Pb, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 21.927(2) Å, b = 7.2139(7) Å, c = 4.7357(5) Å, V = 749.1 Å3, Z = 4, Rgt(F) = 0.0429, wRref(F2) = 0.1149, T = 296 K.
Efeito da luz na germinação in vitro de embriões zigóticos de genótipos de oliveira
Authors: Souza Rafaeli Aparecida Vieira de , Braga Francyane Tavares , Azevedo Patrícia Helena de , Ferreira Juliano Lino , Cançado Geraldo Magela de Almeida
Published: June 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da luz na germinação e desenvolvimento in vitro de embriões de 11 genótipos de oliveira, cultivados em meio MS. Os frutos foram coletados e os embriões de suas sementes extraídos assepticamente. Utilizaram-se duas condições experimentais de incubação: presença de luz, fornecida em sala de crescimento, com 16 h de luz com irradiância média de 36 µmol m-2 s-1, e ausência de luz, simulada em câmara de germinação tipo B.O.D.; ambos os tratamentos em temperatura de 25 ºC. Inicialmente, caracterizaram-se morfologicamente os frutos e sementes dos genótipos de oliveira, com medição do comprimento e diâmetro. Avaliaram-se o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG), percentagem de germinação, comprimento de parte aérea, número de folhas e entrenós das plântulas. Maior IVG e percentagem de germinação foram observados em condições de incubação, na presença de luz para o genótipo 'Cerignola 131'. Maior comprimento de parte aérea e maior número de folhas e de entrenós das plântulas foram observados no genótipo 'Salomé 488', independentemente da condição de incubação.
Lucratividade do milho em razão das fontes, doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio
Authors: Souza Juliana Aparecida de , Buzetti Salatiér , Tarsitano Maria Aparecida Anselmo , Valderrama Márcio
Published: June 2013

O nitrogênio é o nutriente aplicado em maior quantidade na cultura do milho, o mais limitante para o crescimento e desenvolvimento da planta e o que mais onera o custo de produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito das fontes, doses e épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio nos custos de produção e na lucratividade da cultura do milho irrigado cultivado em plantio direto no município de Selvíria (MS), nas safras 2007/2008 e 2008/2009. O experimento foi desenvolvido na área experimental pertencente à Faculdade de Engenharia - UNESP, em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de três fontes de N (entec®, sulfato de amônio e ureia) e cinco doses (0, 50, 100, 150 e 200 kg ha-1), aplicadas em duas épocas (semeadura ou cobertura). Foram estimados o custo operacional total (COT), a receita bruta (RB), o lucro operacional (LO), índice de lucratividade (IL), a produtividade de equilíbrio e o preço de equilíbrio. Concluiu-se que o sulfato de amônio e a ureia foram as fontes de N que possibilitaram resultados econômicos mais satisfatórios. As doses de 50 kg ha-1 de N como sulfato de amônio ou ureia foram os tratamentos que proporcionaram os maiores índices de lucratividade, os quais foram obtidos quando a adubação nitrogenada foi realizada na época de cobertura.
Deslizamento de rodados de tratores de pneus em diferentes operações agrícolas
Authors: Coelho Hêner , Fernandes Haroldo Carlos , Campos Diogo Santos , Teixeira Mauri Martins , Leite Daniel Mariano
Published: June 2013

Nos tratores agrícolas, o deslizamento dos rodados ocorre por diversos fatores, entre eles o esforço de tração necessário para deslocar determinado implemento e o tipo de superfície que está em contato com a banda de rodagem dos pneus. Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar o deslizamento do rodado de pneus de um trator em diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo na cultura do milho, no município de Bambuí, Estado de Minas Gerais. O experimento foi conduzido a campo, na safrinha outonal de 2011, na Fazenda Varginha, do Instituto Federal Minas Gerais - campus Bambuí, em um Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico típico. O experimento foi montado em esquema de parcelas sub-subdivididas, tendo, nas parcelas, as operações, nas subparcelas as marchas e, nas sub-subparcelas, as rotações, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, totalizando 81 unidades experimentais. Os fatores e níveis estudados foram (PC) preparo convencional, (CM) cultivo mínimo e (PD) plantio direto. Para cada tratamento, foram utilizadas três marchas (A2, A3 e B1), em três rotações (1600, 1900 e 2200 rpm). Pelos resultados, conclui-se que, no preparo convencional, o maior índice de deslizamento ocorre na operação de semeadura; no cultivo mínimo, na operação de escarificação e, no plantio direto, na operação de semeadura.
Avaliação de testes estatísticos de comparações múltiplas de médias
Authors: Sousa Clayton Albuquerque de , Lira Junior Mario Andrade , Ferreira Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo
Published: June 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a eficiência e uniformidade das respostas de diferentes testes de comparações múltiplas entre médias, bem como a taxa de ocorrência do erro tipo I. Quatro diferentes testes de comparações múltiplas de médias foram aplicados a 200 experimentos e a 10 variáveis, criadas com valores aleatórios, para avaliação do número de níveis; concordância com o teste F; taxa de ocorrências do erro tipo I por variável e por experimento. Os testes diferiram em seus resultados para todas as variáveis analisadas. As maiores divergências de resultados foram encontradas quando se utilizou o teste LSD. Quanto ao nível de significância adotado, maior concordância foi encontrada por meio do teste de Tukey.
Teste de condutividade elétrica para avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de canola
Authors: Milani Marília , Menezes Nilson de Lemos , Lopes Sidinei José
Published: June 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o volume de água e o período de imersão a serem utilizados no teste de condutividade elétrica, para avaliar o potencial fisiológico de sementes de canola. Foram utilizados quatro lotes de sementes, os quais foram inicialmente caracterizados, quanto à qualidade, por meio dos testes de germinação, primeira contagem, comprimento de plântulas e emergência em areia. O teste de condutividade elétrica foi realizado a 25 ºC, por períodos de: 2, 4, 8, 16 e 24 horas de imersão, em 25 e 50 mL de água deionizada. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos em esquema fatorial 4 x 2 x 5 (quatro lotes, dois volumes de água e cinco períodos de imersão em água), com quatro repetições de 50 sementes. O teste de condutividade elétrica é eficiente para a avaliação do potencial fisiológico de sementes de canola, sob a condição de 50 sementes imersas em 25 mL de água deionizada por 8 horas.
Desempenho de crotalária cultivada em diferentes épocas de semeadura e de corte
Authors: Leal Marco Antonio de Almeida , Guerra José Guilherme Marinho , Peixoto Ricardo Trippia dos Guimarães , Almeida Dejair Lopes de
Published: June 2013

Importante alternativa para suprir a crescente demanda por fertilizantes orgânicos verificada no país é o cultivo de leguminosas como adubos verdes. Estas espécies adicionam ao solo matéria orgânica e nitrogênio fixado biologicamente. Para que a adubação verde seja utilizada com sucesso, é necessário identificar espécies vegetais com grande produtividade de massa, elevada capacidade de acumulação de N, rusticidade e facilidade de manejo nos diversos sistemas de produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a época de plantio e a idade de corte mais adequados para a produção de massa e acumulação de N, em crotalária (Crotalaria juncea L.), nas condições edafoclimáticas da Baixada Fluminense. Foram avaliadas quatro épocas de plantio, entre a primavera e o verão, e três idades de corte. Quando os cortes foram realizados aos três ou aos quatro meses de idade, os maiores valores de produção de matéria seca foram obtidos na semeadura realizada na metade da primavera, e os menores valores foram obtidos na semeadura realizada no final do verão. As maiores acumulações de N na parte aérea de crotalária semeada na metade de primavera foram obtidas com cortes realizados aos três ou aos quatro meses. No cultivo iniciado no final da primavera, plantas cortadas aos quatro meses de idade apresentaram acumulação de N superior à das plantas cortadas aos dois meses. Nos cultivos iniciados no verão, não ocorreram diferenças significativas entre as idades de corte.
Inoculation with Azospirillum, associated with nitrogen fertilization in maize
Authors: Lana Maria do Carmo , Dartora Janaína , Marini Deniele , Hann João Elias
Published: June 2013

The biological nitrogen fixation is an alternative to supply the nitrogen needed for maize. The objective of this study was to evaluate the development and yield of maize in response to inoculation with Azospirillum associated with nitrogen fertilization. We conducted two field experiments in the summer harvest, the first in the 2000/2001 crop year in the region of Marechal Cândido Rondon, under conventional tillage, and second in the 2002/2003 agricultural year in the region of Cascavel, under no tillage. The experimental design in both experiments was a randomized complete block, with four replications, 2x2x2 factorial, with two levels of nitrogen at sowing (zero and 20 kg ha-1), two levels of inoculum (zero and 200 g ha-1) and two levels of nitrogen in topdressing (zero and 100 kg ha-1). There was evaluated the height of ear insertion, total plant height, leaf N content, shoot dry biomass and grain yield. The height of ear insertion and total plant height were not influenced by the factors under study. Nitrogen fertilization at sowing increased the leaf N content, causing the opposite effect when combined with inoculation. Inoculation with Azospirillum in the absence of nitrogen, provide productivity increases of 15.4% and 7.4% for 2000/2001 and 2002/2003 crops, respectively. The inoculation provided productivity similar to that obtained with 100 kg ha-1 in topdressing in crop 2000/2001, while in association with the topdressing, reduced productivity and shoot dry biomass in crop 2002/2003.
Preparados homeopáticos e adubação verde no controle de Cyperus rotundus L.
Authors: Almeida Karina de , Câmara Francisco Luiz Araújo
Published: June 2013

Na busca por métodos de manejo com menor impacto ao ambiente e que se enquadrem nos sistemas orgânicos de produção, este trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar preparados homeopáticos de plantas de tiririca e o adubo verde mucuna-preta (Stilozobium aterrimum Piper & Tracy) no controle da tiririca. O experimento foi desenvolvido em vasos, em casa de vegetação, na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, FCA-UNESP-Botucatu, no período de abril/maio de 2008. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições, sendo os tratamentos constituídos por extrato aquoso da mucuna-preta, palhada de mucuna-preta em cobertura de solo e incorporada, preparados homeopáticos das plantas de tiririca, e a testemunha. O extrato aquoso da mucuna-preta e os preparados homeopáticos proporcionaram redução no crescimento da parte aérea e acúmulo de massas de matéria fresca e seca da tiririca. A massa de matéria fresca da parte aérea da mucuna-preta estimulou o crescimento da tiririca, tanto em cobertura como incorporada ao solo.
First occurrence of Quadrigyrus nickoli (Acanthocephala) in the ornamental fishHyphessobrycon eques
Authors: Fujimoto Rodrigo Yudi , Almeida Edilene Santos , Diniz Daniel Guerreiro , Eiras Jorge Costa , Martins Mauricio Laterça
Published: June 2013

The objective of this work was to report the first seasonal occurrence of the acanthocephalan Quadrigyrus nickoliSchmidt & Hugghins, 1973(Quadrigyridae), in the “Mato Grosso”Hyphessobrycon eques (Characidae) (Steindachner, 1882), collected from the Chumucuí River, state of Pará, Brazil. The fish were collected between July 2006 (rainy season) and June 2007 (dry season) and were examined for parasites using pattern techniques. A total of 75 parasites were found in the stomach and intestine. Among 83 fish examined (50 in the dry season and 33 in the rainy season), 22 were parasitized by cystacanths of Q. nickoli. The importance of H. eques as a paratenic host for Q. nickoli is discussed. This is the first study on the biology of and infection by Q. nickoli occurring in the eastern Amazon region.
Endogenous recipes for controlling arthropod ectoparasites of domestic poultry
Authors: Salifou Sahidou , Offoumon Oyéniran Thierry La Fronde , Gouissi Fadéby Modeste , Pangui Louis-Joseph
Published: June 2013

This study is a contribution to the inventory of medicinal plants and other methods used in controlling external parasitic diseases of backyard poultry in the localities of Djougou and Ouaké (department of Donga, Benin). It consists of a survey undertaken from December 2010 to March 2011 through visits and interviews with 210 poultry famers. The results indicate that 13 species of medicinal plants are used in controlling ectoparasites.Annona senegalensis, Tectona grandis,Securidaca longepedunculata, Indigofera hirsuta, Lophira lanceolata, Hyptis spicigera, Steganotaenia araliacea,Oxytenanthera abyssinica, Nicotiana tabacum, Jatropha curcas, Ficus exasperata, Azadirachta indica and Parkia biglobosa are believed to treat external parasitic diseases in the area of this study. Annona senegalensis was the most frequently cited plant (18%, p < 0.05) used in remedies against external parasites in poultry. Other traditional recipes such as palm oil and ash have been reported.
Noteworthy records of Ixodes schulzei(Acari: Ixodidae) on rodents from the State of Parana, southern Brazil
Authors: Onofrio Valeria Castilho , Nieri-Bastos Fernanda Aparecida , Sampaio Janio dos Santos , Soares João Fábio , Silva Maria José de Jesus , Barros-Battesti Darci Moraes
Published: June 2013

Ixodes schulzei Aragão & Fonseca is an endemic tick to Brazil and has already been reported in the northern (State of Rondonia), southeastern (States of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo) and southern (State of Santa Catarina) regions, always found in association with the water rat Nectomys squamipes(Brandt). This communication records the first occurrence of this tick species in the State of Parana, southern region of Brazil, and it constitutes its first report on Akodon montensis (Thomas) andOryzomys russatus (Wagner) hosts.
First occurrence of Amblyomma ovale in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Caroline Gracielle Torres , Bezerra Ana Carla Diógenes Suassuna , Carvalho Otávio Valério de , Almeida Márcia Rogéria de , Mafra Claudio
Published: June 2013

This study aims to report the occurrence of parasitism byAmblyomma ovale (Koch, 1844) in dogs in the municipality of Apodi, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Specimens were identified as being one female and two males of A. ovale, besides; the animal was infested by five females of Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus and seven females and three males of R. sanguineus. The finding ofA. ovale confirms results in the literature that these ticks, reported in several species of wild carnivores, can also infect dogs in Brazil. The distribution of this tick species in several Brazilian states has already been confirmed, but this is the first report in the State of Rio Grande do Norte. This finding highlights the risk of the carrying of emerging and re-emerging pathogens to peridomestic hosts are as, either because of the frequency of these ticks in wild environments or the presence of infected wild animals near peridomestic environments, exposing domestic dogs to parasitism byA. ovale ticks and, therefore, to agents potentially carried by this ectoparasite.
Health assessment of the oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae on the southern coast of Bahia, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Brandão Rosana Pinho , Boehs Guisla , Silva Patrícia Mirella da
Published: June 2013

This study investigated the health of natural stocks of the oysterCrassostrea rhizophorae on the southern coast of Bahia in northeastern Brazil, during summer and winter 2010, at three localities (sampling points) in the estuaries of the Maraú (Camamu Bay) and Graciosa rivers. A total of 180 oysters (30/sampling point/season) were examined macroscopically for the presence of pathogens and anatomical changes. The specimens were subsequently fixed in Davidson solution, processed for paraffin embedding, sectioned and stained with Harris' hematoxylin and eosin. Histological analysis revealed the presence of Rickettsia-like organisms (RLOs), Ancistrocoma,Trichodina, Sphenophrya,Nematopsis, Urastoma,Bucephalus in the sporocyst phase, a nonspecific metacercaria, and a metacestode of genus Tylocephalum. The prevalence of infection was low except for parasitism byNematopsis sp. which also caused histopathological changes. The presence of Bucephalus sp. caused parasitic castration. These two pathogens significantly affect the health of C. rhizophorae.
Endoparasitic infections in dogs from rural areas in the Lobos District, Buenos Aires province, Argentina
Authors: Dopchiz Marcela Cecilia , Lavallén Carla Mariela , Bongiovanni Roberto , Gonzalez Patricia Verónica , Elissondo Celina , Yannarella Francisco , Denegri Guillermo
Published: June 2013

Dogs are definite hosts for several zoonotic helminthes and protozoan. Rural areas from the Lobos District in the northeast of Buenos Aires province, Argentina, are mainly used for livestock activity, increasing in this way the number of dogs on farms as well as the human risk of parasitic infections. The aims of this research were to evaluate the endoparasitic infections in dogs from farms in the Lobos District and analyze their zoonotic importance as well as several risk practices and habits of the rural population. Forty-two dog fecal samples obtained in 21 farms were analyzed through coproparasitological methods and coproantigen tests, which resulted in an overall parasite prevalence of 69.05% and 80.95% of the parasitized farms. The most frequent parasites were Trichuris vulpis and Eucoleus aerophila (26.19%), Echinococcus granulosus (19.05%), Uncinaria stenocephala and coccids (14.29%). The analysis of epidemiological files showed several habits of the rural population considered as risk factors associated with the presence of fecal samples parasitized and the presence of E. granulosus on the farms. It is clear that people involved with the farms studied were exposed to several helminthes that could cause serious diseases like cystic echinococcosis, which can become an important public health issue and affect the economy worldwide.
Diagnosis and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii in horses from Brazilian slaughterhouses
Authors: Evers Fernanda , Garcia João Luis , Navarro Italmar Teodorico , Zulpo Dauton Luiz , Nino Beatriz de Souza Lima , Ewald Maria Paula de Carvalho , Pagliari Sthefany , Almeida Jonatas Campos de , Freire Roberta Lemos
Published: June 2013

This study aimed to investigate anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies and to isolate the parasite from the brains of horses processed at slaughterhouses in Brazil. We collected brain and blood samples from 398 horses of various ages, from six Brazilian states. Serum samples were evaluated by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT cut-off titre ≥ 1:64), and brains were submitted to mouse bioassay. Among the 398 horses, positivity for T. gondii was identified in 46 (11.6%) by IFAT and in 14 (3.5%) by mouse bioassay. In 12 of those 14 bioassays, mice were positive only by IFAT (cut-off titre ≥ 1:16), T. gondii being isolated in the remaining two. Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of 18S rDNA to differentiate among T. gondii, Neospora caninum, and Sarcocystis neurona, we found that two of the 14 brains were positive for T. gondii only. For genotyping of the two isolates and the PCR-positive brain, we performed PCR-RFLP based on 13 markers, and SAG2 all samples were Toxoplasma gondii type I. Collectively, IFAT of horse sera and mouse bioassay identified positivity in 60 (15%) of the samples. Our results show that some horses sent to slaughter in Brazil have been exposed toT. gondii.
Cancer Clinical Trials—Do We Need a New Algorithm in the Age of Stratified Medicine?
Authors: Doroshow James H. , Sleijfer Stefan , Stupp Roger , Anderson Kenneth
Published: June 2013

The explosion in genomic discovery science and its application in oncology in recent years is underpinning an unprecedented increase in our understanding of mechanisms underlying malignant processes. An increased understanding creates challenges pertinent to the area of cancer clinical trial development and application. Although the existing cancer clinical trial algorithm has served us well in the past, is it still fit for purpose in the 21st century?
Better environmental data may reverse conclusions about niche‐ and dispersal‐based processes in community assembly
Authors: Chang Li-Wan , Zelený David , Li Ching-Feng , Chiu Shau-Ting , Hsieh Chang-Fu
Published: June 2013

Variation partitioning of species composition into components explained by environmental and spatial variables is often used to identify a signature of niche‐ and dispersal‐based processes in community assembly. Such interpretation, however, strongly depends on the quality of the environmental data available. In recent studies conducted in forest dynamics plots, the environment was represented only by readily available topographical variables. Using data from a subtropical broad‐leaved dynamics plot in Taiwan, we focus on the question of how would the conclusion about importance of niche‐ and dispersal‐based processes change if soil variables are also included in the analysis. To gain further insight, we introduced multiscale decomposition of a pure spatial component [c] in variation partitioning. Our results indicate that, if only topography is included, dispersal‐based processes prevail, while including soil variables reverses this conclusion in favor of niche‐based processes. Multiscale decomposition of [c] shows that if only topography was included, broad‐scaled spatial variation prevails in [c], indicating that other as yet unmeasured environmental variables can be important. However, after also including soil variables this pattern disappears, increasing importance of meso‐ and fine‐scaled spatial patterns indicative of dispersal processes.
Maternal Obesity and Breastfeeding A Review of the Evidence and Implications for Practice
Authors: Hesch Anstey Erica , Jevitt Cecilia
Published: June 2013

A myriad of factors influence the sub-optimal breastfeeding rates in the U.S. Among these factors is maternal obesity (BMI > 30 kg/m2), which has been found to negatively impact breastfeeding initiation and duration for some women. Obesity increases women’s risk for various
complications throughout the perinatal period, which may impact breastfeeding and the long-term health and well-being of women and their children. However, adequate lactation support that upholds a respectful consciousness regarding the potential breastfeeding challenges of women with obesity
can assist these women to successfully meet their breastfeeding goals. This review summarizes the literature on the impact of maternal BMI on breastfeeding duration, and maternal and infant risk factors that may complicate lactation for women with obesity. Recommendations for assessing and
supporting the needs of mothers with obesity to best achieve their breastfeeding goals are provided.
Weight-Loss Surgery and Breastfeeding
Authors: Lamb Marion (Lou)
Published: June 2013

Obesity is quickly becoming a national epidemic with serious implications for the entire medical field, including lactation (Rasmussen et al., 2004). Obesity is a complex medical condition. Many in the medical and scientific communities classify obesity as a disease (Conway & Rene,
2004). Treatment options include a number of advances in weight-loss surgery (WLS) with resultant effects on pregnancy and corresponding challenges in the field of lactation and the care of nursing mothers. This article explores some of those advances with practical applications for lactation
professionals.
The Use of Supple Cups for Flat, Retracting, and Inverted Nipples
Authors: Bouchet-Horwitz Julie
Published: June 2013

Approximately nine to ten percent of women present with flat, retracting or inverted nipples, making latching an infant to the breast more difficult. Various products including breast shells, the Niplette™, the Latch Assist™, an electric pump, and a converted syringe are
recommended to help elongate and stretch the nipple in order to assist with latching the baby. A new product called Supple Cups is available that gently stretches and elongates the nipple, making latching easier. Twelve women with flat, retracting, or inverted nipples who were pregnant or
having difficulty breastfeeding were asked to try Supple Cups. Ten of the twelve women (83%) were able to consistently latch their babies and breastfeed after using Supple Cups. Eight women (67%) eventually exclusively breastfed their infants. In summary, Supple Cups are an inexpensive, easy-to-use
product that can be very effective at protracting flat, retracting, and inverted nipples.
Parenting Plans and the Breastfed Child A Look at How Breastfeeding is Used as a Factor in Parenting Time Allocations for Divorcing Parents in the U.S.
Authors: Martin Kori
Published: June 2013

Divorce has the potential to substantially disrupt a mother and baby’s breastfeeding relationship due to the potential for separation inherent in custody and visitation schedules. This paper examines how breastfeeding is accounted for as a factor in the parenting plan guidelines actually
used in the United States legal system. While some jurisdictions do include breastfeeding as a specific factor to be included in the allocation of parenting time, most courts have no legislative or rule-based guidance as to how breastfeeding should be accounted for post-divorce. The breastfeeding
protections that do exist get noticeably more restrictive as the child ages, and mothers in the U.S. currently face significant hurdles in preserving breastfeeding post-divorce.
Maternal Intravenous Fluids and Infant Weight
Authors: Hirth Robin , Weitkamp Tina , Dwivedi Alok
Published: June 2013

Healthcare providers typically use an infant’s weight loss in the first days of life as a measurement of effective feeding. Additional feeding volumes are often recommended when the infant reaches weight loss of seven to ten percent of their birth weight. This study examined the relationship
of the amount of maternal intravenous fluids (IV) given during labor, and infant maximum weight loss during hospital admission. The method was a retrospective cross-sectional review of medical records for 186 healthy mothers and their infants who delivered at a Baby Friendly™ certified
hospital in southwest Ohio. Maternal average IV mL per hour positively correlated with infant maximum weight loss.
Pediatric Nurses’ Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding the Provision of Breastfeeding Support in a Pediatric Medical Center
Authors: Brewer Tracy L.
Published: June 2013

Breastfeeding is the biological norm for infant feeding and nutrition. Successful breastfeeding depends, in part, on the support of the nursing staff caring for the breastfeeding dyad. Many infants are admitted to pediatric hospitals during the period when breastfeeding skills are being
established, and mothers look to pediatric nurses to provide breastfeeding support and resources. There are few studies describing pediatric nurses’ knowledge of and attitudes towards the provision of breastfeeding support in pediatric medical centers. The purpose of this descriptive survey
study was to determine knowledge and attitudes of pediatric nurses regarding the provision of breastfeeding support. The Theory of Reasoned Action provided the framework for the study. A convenience sample of 92 pediatric nurses, on three inpatient units at a pediatric medical center, completed
a 40-item breastfeeding survey. Seventy-seven complete surveys were returned for a usable response rate of 84%. Results indicated that pediatric nurses have moderate breastfeeding knowledge and attitudes. The pediatric nurses who had personal breastfeeding experience had significantly higher
knowledge and attitude scores. Findings suggest the need for evidence-based educational programs to improve pediatric nurses’ knowledge of and attitudes towards the provision of breastfeeding support in pediatric medical centers.
Organobentonites as multifunctional adsorbents of organic and inorganic water pollutants
Authors: Jovic-Jovicic Natаsa , Milutinovic-Nikolic Aleksandra , Zunic Marija , Mojovic Zorica , Bankovic Predrag , Dojcinovic Biljana , Ivanovic-Sasic Ana , Jovanovic Dusan
Published: June 2013

The aim of this study was to find a low cost, easy to synthesize and
efficient adsorbent for the simultaneous adsorption of both organic and
inorganic pollutants (including textile dyes, toxic metals etc.). The
starting material, domestic bentonite clay from Bogovina was modified with
amounts of hexadecyltrimethylammonium cations corresponding to 0.5 and 1.0
times of the value of the cation exchange capacity value. The
organobentonites were tested as adsorbents in a three-dye-containing
solution, a three-component solution of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Ni2+ and a hexa-
component solution containing all investigated dyes and toxic metal cations.
The used adsorbents showed the highest affinity toward Acid Yellow 99 and
Ni2+ ions. Dye adsorption was enhanced in the presence of toxic metal
cations, while the adsorption of all toxic cations from the hexa-component
solution was lower than from the three-component solution containing only
toxic cations. The synthesized hexadecyltrimethylammonium bentonite could be
regarded as an efficient multifunctional adsorbent for the investigated type
of water pollutants.
Kinetics of conversion of celestite to strontium carbonate in solutions containing carbonate, bicarbonate and ammonium ions and dissolved ammonia
Authors: Zoraga Mert , Kahruman Cem
Published: June 2013

Celestite concentrate (SrSO4) has been converted to SrCO3 in solutions
containing CO32-, HCO3- and NH4+ ions and dissolved ammonia. The effects of
stirring speed, CO32- ion concentration; temperature and particle size of
SrSO4 on the reaction rate were investigated. It was found that the
conversion of SrSO4 was increased by increasing the temperature and
decreasing the particle size, while the reaction rate was decreased with
increasing the CO32- ion concentration. However, there was no effect of the
stirring speed on the reaction rate. The conversion reaction was under
chemical reaction control and the Shrinking Core Model was suitable to
explain the reaction kinetics. The activation energy for the conversion
reaction was found to be 41.9 kJ mol-1. The amounts of the elements in the
reaction solution were determined quantitatively by inductively coupled
plasma-optical emission spectrometry. The characterization of the solid
reactant and product was made using scanning electron microscopy-energy
dispersive spectrometry and X-ray powder diffraction analytical techniques.
Investigation of the microbial diversity of an extremely acidic, metal-rich water body (Lake Robule, Bor, Serbia)
Authors: Stankovic Srdjan , Moric Ivana , Pavic Aleksandar , Vasiljevic Branka , Johnson Barrie , Cvetkovic Vladica
Published: June 2013

An investigation of the microbial diversity of the extremely acidic,
metal-rich Lake Robule was carried out using culture-dependant and
culture-independent (T-RFLP) methods, and the ability of indigenous bacteria
from the lake water to leach copper from a mineral concentrate was tested.
T-RFLP analysis revealed that the dominant bacteria in lake water samples
were the obligate heterotroph Acidiphilium cryptum (~50% of total bacteria)
and the iron-oxidizing autotroph Leptospirillum ferrooxidans (~40%) The
iron/sulfur-oxidizing autotroph Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans had been
reported to be the most abundant bacteria in the lake in an earlier study by
other authors, but it was not detected in the present study using T-RFLP.
Although it was isolated on solid media and detected in enrichment
(bioleaching) cultures. The presence of the two bacterial species detected by
T-RFLP (L. ferrooxidans and A. cryptum) was also confirmed by cultivation on
solid media. The presence and relative abundance of bacteria inhabiting Lake
Robule was explained by the physiological characteristics of the bacteria and
the physico-chemical characteristics of the lake water.
Direct determination of enantiomeric enrichment of chiral, underivatized aminophosphonic acids — useful for enantioselective bioconversion results evaluation
Authors: Kozyra Kinga , Klimek-Ochab Magdalena , Brzezińska-Rodak Małgorzata , Żymańczyk-Duda Ewa
Published: June 2013

Abstract The possibility of applying 31P NMR spectroscopy for the determination of the enantiomeric excess of the racemic mixture of non-derivatized aminophosphonic acids with small side chains has been investigated. It is proven, that the effectiveness of the application of a chiral solvating agent strongly depends on the concentration of applied shift reagent and on the pH of the particular experiment. Effectual resolution protocols are elaborated for following phosphonic acids: 1-aminoethanephosphonic acid, 1-amino-2-methylpropanephosphonic acid, 1-aminophenylmethanephosphonic acid, 1-aminophenylmethane-phosphonic acid and 1-amino-2-phenylethanephosphonic acid. Graphical abstract
Characterization of polymeric system for cisplatin delivery — analytical methods for Pt determination
Authors: Stoyanova Ekaterina , Karadjova Irina , Karadjov Methody , Koseva Neli
Published: June 2013

Abstract Cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) was immobilized in a star-shaped polymer carrier. In order to define whether this polymer could be used as a drug delivery system for cisplatin, its characteristics, e.g. loading efficiency and release profile of cisplatin from the polymer in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), have to be assessed, and hence an appropriate analytical procedure for precise and reliable determination of Pt(II) must be established. Optimal instrumental parameters for Pt measurement by commonly used atomic spectrometric methods ETAAS and ICP-OES in various examined media were defined. Matrix interferences observed that were related to both techniques were evaluated, and analytical figures of merit were compared and critically discussed. Graphical abstract
Characterization of Slovenian coal and estimation of coal heating value based on proximate analysis using regression and artificial neural networks
Authors: Kavšek Darja , Bednárová Adriána , Biro Miša , Kranvogl Roman , Vončina Darinka , Beinrohr Ernest
Published: June 2013

Abstract Chemical composition of Slovenian coal has been characterised in terms of proximate and ultimate analyses and the relations among the chemical descriptors and the higher heating value (HHV) examined using correlation analysis and multivariate data analysis methods. The proximate analysis descriptors were used to predict HHV using multiple linear regression (MLR) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods. An attempt has been made to select the model with the optimal number of predictor variables. According to the adjusted multiple coefficient of determination in the MLR model, and alternatively, according to sensitivity analysis in ANN developing, two descriptors were evaluated by both methods as optimal predictors: fixed carbon and volatile matter. The performances of MLR and ANN when modelling HHV were comparable; the mean relative difference between the actual and calculated HHV values in the training data was 1.11% for MLR and 0.91% for ANN. The predictive ability of the models was evaluated by an external validation data set; the mean relative difference between the actual and predicted HHV values was 1.39% in MLR and 1.47% in ANN. Thus, the developed models could be appropriately used to calculate HHV. Graphical abstract
Spatial variations in the distribution of trace ionic impurities in the water-steam cycle in a thermal power plant based on a multivariate statistical approach
Authors: Živojinović Dragana , Rajaković-Ognjanović Vladana , Onjia Antonije , Rajaković Ljubinka
Published: June 2013

Abstract In this study, a multivariate statistical approach was used to identify the key variables responsible for process water quality in a power plant. The ion species that could cause corrosion in one of the major thermal power plants (TPP) in Serbia were monitored. A suppressed ion chromatographic (IC) method for the determination of the target anions and cations at trace levels was applied. In addition, some metals important for corrosion, i.e., copper and iron, were also analysed by the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometric (GFAAS) method. The control parameters, i.e., pH, dissolved oxygen and silica, were measured on-line. The analysis of a series of representative samples from the TPP Nikola Tesla, collected in different plant operation modes, was performed. Every day laboratory and on-line analysis provides a large number of data in relation to the quality of water in the water-steam cycle (WSC) which should be evaluated and processed. The goal of this investigation was to apply multivariate statistical techniques and choose the most applicable technique for this case. Factor analysis (FA), especially principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were investigated. These methods were applied for the evaluation of the spatial/temporal variations of process water and for the estimation of 13 quality parameters which were monitored at 11 locations in the WSC in different working conditions during a twelve month period. It was concluded that PCA was the most useful method for identifying functional relations between the elements. After data reduction, four main factors controlling the variability were identified. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied for sample differentiation according to the sample location and working mode of the TPP. On the basis of this research, the new design of an optimal monitoring strategy for future analysis was proposed with a reduced number of measured parameters and with reduced frequency of their measurements. Graphical abstract
Coordination Polymers Constructed from Oligonuclear Nodes
Authors: Andruh Marius
Published: June 2013

The node-and-spacer approach is widely employed in crystal engineering to construct coordination polymers. It consists of self-assembly processes involving mononuclear cationic species and exo-dentate ligands. We enlarged this strategy using preformed homo- and heterometallic
complexes as nodes. The presence of two or more metal ions within a node leads to novel network topologies, as well as to new properties, arising from the intra- and internode interactions. This paper reviews some representative examples of coordination polymers obtained in our laboratory
and constructed from: i) binuclear alkoxo-bridged complexes; ii) heterometallic 3d-3d' and 3d-4f complexes.
R-isophthalic Acid-based Coordination Polymers (R = Hydrogen or Bromine)
Authors: Zhang Ren , Gong Qihan , Emge Thomas J. , Banerjee Debasis , Li Jing
Published: June 2013

Three new R-isophthalic acid-based (R = H or Br) coordination polymers have been designed and synthesized. By changing the N-containing ligand in the system, we are able to tune the dimensionality of coordination polymers from one-dimension (1D) to two-dimensions (2D) with the same
basic building unit. Also, different metal ions can be incorporated into the same structures. Compound 1 [Cu(bipa)(py)2]·0.5(H2O) (H2bipa = 5-bromoisophthalic acid; py = pyridine) and compound 2 [Co(bipa)(py)2] are 1D chain structures. Compound
3 [Cu8(ipa)8(bpe)8]·2(bpe)·4(H2O) (bpe=1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane) is a 2D layered structure.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Zn–Biphenyl Metal–Organic Frameworks, Introducing a Diphenylphosphino Functional Group
Authors: Ranocchiari Marco , Van Bokhoven Jeroen Anton
Published: June 2013

Structural features, synthesis, and reactivity of Zn–biphenyl metal–organic frameworks with MOF-5 topology are presented to show the chemical flexibility of such materials and to demonstrate the challenges that can be encountered and solved to avoid interpenetration. We
introduce the synthesis of a Zn–biphenyl MOF with diphenylphosphino functionalization and illustrate its structural and chemical properties.
Coordination Polymers and Metal–Organic Frameworks Derived from 4,4'-Dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine and 4,4',6,6'-Tetracarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine Ligands: A Personal Perspective
Authors: Kruger Paul E.
Published: June 2013

Presented herein is a personal overview of some of the contributions we have made over recent years to coordination polymer chemistry employing 2,2'-bipyridine-polycarboxylic acid ligands in conjunction with first row transition, main group or lanthanide metal ions. Primarily the discussion
is centred upon the two ligands with which we have enjoyed the most success: 4,4'-dicarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine (4,4'-H2dcbp) and 4,4',6,6'-tetracarboxy-2,2'-bipyridine (4,4',6,6'-H4tcbp). Initial discussion is focused upon the synthetic aspects of ligand formation and their
structural characterisation and then moves on to the synthesis of metal complexes incorporating these ligands and the coordination polymers they form. Where possible the discussion is presented from a synthetic and structural perspective with highlight given to the pertinent properties of
the coordination polymers formed e.g. thermal behaviour, magnetic, luminescent or small molecule sorption properties. We end the review with some conclusions and highlight some current work with a view to future research.
Porous Coordination Polymers as Novel Sorption Materials for Heat Transformation Processes
Authors: Janiak Christoph , Henninger Stefan K.
Published: June 2013

Porous coordination polymers (PCPs)/metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are inorganic–organic hybrid materials with a permanent three-dimensional porous metal–ligand network. PCPs or MOFs are inorganic–organic analogs of zeolites in terms of porosity and reversible guest
exchange properties. Microporous water-stable PCPs with high water uptake capacity are gaining attention for low temperature heat transformation applications in thermally driven adsorption chillers (TDCs) or adsorption heat pumps (AHPs). TDCs or AHPs are an alternative to traditional air conditioners
or heat pumps operating on electricity or fossil fuels. By using solar or waste heat as the operating energy TDCs or AHPs can significantly help to minimize primary energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions generated by industrial or domestic heating and cooling processes. TDCs and AHPs
are based on the evaporation and consecutive adsorption of coolant liquids, preferably water, under specific conditions. The process is driven and controlled by the microporosity and hydrophilicity of the employed sorption material. Here we summarize the current investigations, developments
and possibilities of PCPs/MOFs for use in low-temperature heat transformation applications as alternative materials for the traditional inorganic porous substances like silica gel, aluminophosphates or zeolites.