bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Makes a Prime Minister Great?: A Leadership Trait Analysis of the effectiveness of British Prime Ministers from 1902 to 2004
Authors: Rohrer Samuel R.
Published: November 2014

What role do the Leadership Trait Analysis (LTA) criteria projected by a British Prime Minister (PM) have on the perceived effectiveness of their time in office? In this paper, the analysis of 20th-century British PMs utilized automated at-a-distance content analysis and the LTA coding system to determine the conceptual complexity, ability to control events, and need for power scores projected by PMs. The impact these traits had on the perceived effectiveness of the totality of the PMs’ tenure in office, as measured by the 2004 MORI/University of Leeds survey, was then examined via one-tailed ordinary least squares regression.

This project provides evidence that British PMs who project traits associated with the LTA measure regarding strong power motivation are significantly viewed as more effective while in office. These findings provide more than a novel historical profile of British PMs. The relationship between effective leadership and LTA traits could be utilized by political campaigns, especially given the introduction of prime ministerial debates, to portray a prime ministerial candidate as more politically effective than his/her competition.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices Regarding Occupational HIV Exposure and Protection among Health Care Workers in China
Authors: Wu Qian , Xue Xiao Fei , Shah Dimpy , Zhao Jian , Hwang Lu-Yu , Zhuang GuiHua
Published: November 2014

Background:

Health care workers (HCWs) seek, treat, and care for patients living with HIV/AIDS on a daily basis and thus face a significant risk to work-related infections. To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding occupational HIV exposure and protection among HCWs in low HIV prevalence areas of rural China.

Methods:

A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out among all medical units in Pucheng County, Shaanxi, China.

Results:

Response rate of this study was 94%. The average overall knowledge score of HCWs was 10.9 of 21.0. Deficiencies in general, transmission, exposure, and protection knowledge were identified among HCWs at all levels. A high rate of occupational exposure (85%) and lack of universal precautions practice behavior were recorded. Significant predictors of universal precautions practice behavior were female sex, prior training, and greater knowledge about HIV/AIDS.

Conclusion:

Health care workers at various levels have inadequate knowledge on HIV/AIDS and do not practice universal precautions. Nurses and medical technicians at the county level faced more occupation risk than other HCWs. The key of AIDS training for different levels of HCWs should be distinguished.
The Politics and Pleasures of Historiographic Porn
Authors: Cather Kirsten
Published: November 2014

This article considers the 1973 Nikkatsu Roman Porn film adaptation of a short story by Japanese literary giant Nagai Kafū, “Underneath the Papering of the Four-and-a-Half-Mat Room” (“Yojōhan fusuma no urabari”). This low-budget erotic film appeared in the international context of the “liberation” (or decriminalization) of pornography that had swept Europe by the early to mid-1970s and in the domestic context of a severe crackdown on such trends. At the time of the film's release, both the story and the studio were at the center of high-profile obscenity trials in Japan. In this essay, I examine how and why these contexts led the filmmaker to take considerable liberties in adapting the story, in particular its conspicuous incorporation of archival photographs that document the rise of Japanese militarism in the mid- to late Taishō period (1912–26). I argue that the insistent injection of such politically and formally radical content strove to legitimize the film and, by implication, also its source text, as politically and aesthetically defensible in both legal and artistic circles.

But because the film had to function in its generic context as well, as a studio-branded “porno,” I insist also on considering the pornographic efficacy of such a strategy. I ask: What is the effect of injecting stilled historical images into a genre famous instead for its lush color moving ones? What can such a strategy tell us about postwar historical memory, the relationship of politics to pornography and of still photographs to moving film images, and the nature of film adaptations and their literary source texts? This film offers an extreme-limit case that brings to the fore the tensions between economic and generic demands on the one hand, and juridic, aesthetic, and auteurist imperatives, on the other, that are inherent in any film production.
Imagining Reality as a Set of Chinese Boxes: An Interview with Matsumoto Toshio
Authors: Inoue Miyo , Kerner Aaron
Published: November 2014

In this interview the Japanese avant-garde filmmaker and scholar, Toshio Matsumoto, discusses his creative practice, as well as his ideas about the complexities of representing reality, memory, and time. He has numerous short experimental works to his credit, and four feature-length narrative films including Bara no soretsu (Funeral Parade of Roses, 1969), Shura (Demons, 1971), Juroku-sai no senso (The War of the Sixteen-Year-Olds, 1973), and Dogura magura (Dogra Magra, 1988). He has contributed significantly to the critical study of film in Japan as well, writing among things Eizo no hakken (Discovery of the Image, 1963/2005), Hyogen no sekai (World of Expression, 1967), and Genshi no bigaku (Aesthetics of Illusion, 1976). Despite these many accomplishments, Matsumoto has gone largely unrecognized in US scholarship.

The conception and representation of reality, memory, and time are significant tropes in Matsumoto's films. Bara no soretsu, for instance, set in the gay district of Tokyo, freely shifts between various points in time, mixes narrative fiction and documentary, and allows for the intermingling of the actors' own personal memories and the memories of the characters that they are playing. Each actor effectively plays a character that is modeled after his or her own life. The film is loosely adapted from Alain Resnais's 1959 film Hiroshima mon amour and appropriates many of the elements in it, including, most significantly, haunting flashbacks from a repressed traumatic memory. It is also a recasting of the Oedipus narrative, which to one degree or another is also about memory. In all of Matsumoto's feature films, a character suffers from some form of delusion and/or trauma that materializes in a surging pulse—the spectral return of the repressed—and this manifests not only as plot elements but also in cinematic form (e.g., flashbacks, non-linear narrative structures, overlapping editing).

Although certainly not the first to reconceptualize narrative temporality, Bara no soretsu confounded film critics at the time; many assumed that Matsumoto didn't even know how to tell a story or how to edit a film. Audiences today, however, are quick to accept the playful interventions in narrative form. This interview introduces this filmmaker/scholar who, in many respects, was far ahead of his time, to the English-speaking world.
Patient-safety failures, the financial cost and complaints
Authors: Tingle John
Published: November 2014

John Tingle continues his discussion of the patient-safety failures identified in the Care Quality Commission's fifth annual report on the state of health and care services in England
A study of the lived experiences of registered nurses who have provided end-of-life care within an intensive care unit
Authors: Holms Natalie , Milligan Stuart , Kydd Angela
Published: November 2014

Background:

End-of-life care (EOLC) in the intensive care unit (ICU) has received little attention in the literature in comparison to the considerable amount of existing literature available on EOLC in other areas of nursing. The ethos of the ICU is to preserve life, but as many patients die in this environment, EOLC should be an integral part of the ICU nurse's role. This qualitative study explored the experiences of ICU nurses who had provided EOLC to patients and their families.

Method:

Participants were purposively recruited within one local ICU (n=5). A semi-structured interview format was used to guide in-depth interviews.

Findings:

The themes identified from the interview analysis were; use of integrated care systems, communication, the environment, education and training, staff distress.

Conclusions:

The findings suggest that ICU nurses do not feel adequately prepared to give proficient EOLC. Those who felt more confident in EOLC had learned what to do over time. Appropriate training, support and improved communication between staff, patients and families is necessary for good EOLC in ICUs.
Renal care in the paediatric setting: an overview of common conditions
Authors: Copeman Helen
Published: November 2014

Chronic and established renal failure in paediatrics is predominately due to congenital defects which can present in the perinatal period or during childhood. Because they can present at any age and at different stages of renal failure it is important to determine the cause and the interventions required. This article is the first of a series looking at common paediatric renal diseases.
Patient-to-patient peer support in renal care: examining the role and attitudes of renal clinicians
Authors: Wood Eleri
Published: November 2014

In her second article in this series on peer support for patients with chronic kidney disease, Eleri Wood explains why clinician engagement is important for successful peer support, and discusses an investigation of the attitudes and behaviours of clinicians at a large renal unit.
Recruitment and retention in the renal unit: shortlisting applicants
Authors: Ellis Peter , Abbott Jane
Published: November 2014

Once a deadline for a job application has passed, the task of filtering candidates to find those suitable for interview falls to employers. In the second article in this series, Peter Ellis and Jane Abbott suggest the stages a renal nurse manager might follow in order to compile a shortlist of the applicants best suited for a role in a multidisciplinary renal team.
Renal transplantation via keyhole surgery: a first for the UK
Authors: Biela Chris
Published: November 2014

Laparoscopy, more commonly known as keyhole surgery, is an innovative procedure, which has increasingly been used in surgery since its origin in the 16th century. The first kidney transplant via laparoscopy in Europe has recently been carried out by UK surgeons.
Marathon nephritis and proteinuria
Authors: Turner Neil
Published: November 2014

When urinary abnormalities don't always indicate renal disease
Corrosion inhibitors for metals in maintenance equipment: introduction and recent developments
Authors: Li Yongxin , Zhang Yaoyao , Jungwirth Scott , Seely Nicholas , Fang Yida , Shi Xianming
Published: November 2014

Corrosion inhibitors are extensively applied to prevent the corrosion of metals in maintenance and vehicles used by transportation agencies. The aim of this review is to examine the state of the corrosion inhibitors for the protection of various metals/alloys commonly used in maintenance equipment and vehicles and to identify cost-effective, high-performance corrosion inhibitors that may contribute to the preservation of equipment assets. The focus is placed on the metallic corrosion induced or aggravated by chlorides at ambient temperature and pressure and near-neutral pH (6–8).
The Influence of the Induced Ferrite and Precipitates of Ti-bearing Steel on the Ductility of Continuous Casting Slab
Authors: Qian Guoyu , Cheng Guoguang , Hou Zibing
Published: November 2014

In order to investigate the loss of the ductility of Ti-bearing ship plate steel under 1000 °C, where the ductility begins to reduce rapidly, so the hot ductility of Ti-bearing ship plate steel has been obtained using the Gleeble 1500 thermal-mechanical simulator and also the studies about the effect of grain boundary ferrite films and precipitates containing Ti on the ductility has been carried out. The result showed that the TiN particles precipitating at 950 °C with a larger size and smaller volume fraction cannot effectively suppress the occurrence of recrystallization and the ductility still retains at a high level, although R.A. value presents a certain degree of decline compared with 1000 °C. A large number of smaller Ti(C,N) particles precipitate at 900 °C and can induce the formation of a very small amount of fine grain boundary ferrite, which deteriorates the adhesion strength of the grain boundary, so the R.A. value rapidly reduces to less than 50%. When the temperature falls to close Ae3 (827 °C), the amount of the grain boundary ferrite films increase due to the ferrite phase transformation, but the ferrite film thickness becomes more uneven at the same time, which results in the increase of strain concentration and plays a leading role in causing the decrease of ductility, so the R.A. value has been kept less than 40% as the temperature cooling to 800 °C from 850 °C. When the temperature further decreases, the ductility starts to recover due to the increase of average ferrite film thickness to a greater degree which greatly reduces the strain concentration of the grain boundary.
Ovarian carcinoma in a 14-year-old with classical salt-wasting congenital adrenal hyperplasia and bilateral adrenalectomy
Authors: Pina Christian , Khattab Ahmed , Katzman Philip , Bruckner Lauren , Andolina Jeffrey , New Maria , Yau Mabel
Published: November 2014

A 14-year-old female with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia because of 21-hydroxylase deficiency underwent bilateral adrenalectomy at 6 years of age as a result of poor hormonal control. Because the patient was adrenalectomized, extra adrenal androgen production was suspected. Imaging studies including pelvic ultrasound and pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were obtained to evaluate for adrenal rest tumors of the ovaries. Abdominal MRI was obtained to evaluate for residual adrenal tissue. A cystic lesion arising from her right ovary suspicious for ovarian neoplasm was noted on pelvic MRI. Right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed and histopathological examination revealed ovarian serous adenocarcinoma, low-grade, and well-differentiated. Tumor marker CA-125 was elevated and additional ovarian cancer staging workup confirmed stage IIIC due to one lymph node positive for carcinoma. The patient then developed a large left ovarian cyst, which led to a complete total abdominal hysterectomy and removal of the left ovary and fallopian tube. Pathology confirmed ovarian serous adenocarcinoma with microscopic focus of carcinoma in the left ovary. After numerous complications, the patient responded well to chemotherapy, CA-125 levels fell and no evidence of carcinoma was observed on subsequent imaging. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of an ovarian serous adenocarcinoma in a patient with CAH. Although rare, we propose that the ovaries were the origin of androgen production and not residual adrenal tissue. The relationship between CAH and ovarian carcinomas has yet to be established, but further evaluation is needed given the poor survival rate of high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.
Noncausality and inflation persistence
Authors: Lanne Markku
Published: November 2014

We use noncausal autoregressions to examine the persistence properties of quarterly US consumer price inflation from 1970:1 to 2012:2. These nonlinear models capture the autocorrelation structure of the inflation series as accurately as their conventional causal counterparts, but they allow for persistence to depend on the size and sign of shocks to inflation as well as the inflation rate. Inflation persistence has decreased since the early 1980s, after which persistence is also greater following small and negative shocks than large and positive ones. At high levels of inflation, shocks are absorbed more slowly before the early 1980s and faster thereafter compared to low levels of inflation.
Use of Exocentric and Egocentric Representations in the Concurrent Planning of Sequential Saccades
Authors: Sharika K.M. , Ramakrishnan Arjun , Murthy Aditya
Published: November 2014

The concurrent planning of sequential saccades offers a simple model to study the nature of visuomotor transformations since the second saccade vector needs to be remapped to foveate the second target following the first saccade. Remapping is thought to occur through egocentric mechanisms involving an efference copy of the first saccade that is available around the time of its onset. In contrast, an exocentric representation of the second target relative to the first target, if available, can be used to directly code the second saccade vector. While human volunteers performed a modified double-step task, we examined the role of exocentric encoding in concurrent saccade planning by shifting the first target location well before the efference copy could be used by the oculomotor system. The impact of the first target shift on concurrent processing was tested by examining the end-points of second saccades following a shift of the second target during the first saccade. The frequency of second saccades to the old versus new location of the second target, as well as the propagation of first saccade localization errors, both indices of concurrent processing, were found to be significantly reduced in trials with the first target shift compared to those without it. A similar decrease in concurrent processing was obtained when we shifted the first target but kept constant the second saccade vector. Overall, these results suggest that the brain can use relatively stable visual landmarks, independent of efference copy-based egocentric mechanisms, for concurrent planning of sequential saccades.
Temporal Integration of Cholinergic and GABAergic Inputs in Isolated Insect Mushroom Body Neurons Exposes Pairing-Specific Signal Processing
Authors: Raccuglia Davide , Mueller Uli
Published: November 2014

GABAergic modulation of neuronal activity plays a crucial role in physiological processes including learning and memory in both insects and mammals. During olfactory learning in honeybees (Apis mellifera) andDrosophila melanogasterthe temporal relation between excitatory cholinergic and inhibitory GABAergic inputs critically affects learning. However, the cellular mechanisms of temporal integration of these antagonistic inputs are unknown. To address this question, we use calcium imaging of isolated honeybee andDrosophilaKenyon cells (KCs), which are targets of cholinergic and GABAergic inputs during olfactory learning. In the whole population of honeybee KCs we find that pairing of acetylcholine (ACh) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) Comment: Please use the greek letter for gamma reduces the ACh-induced calcium influx, and depending on their temporal sequence, induces different forms of neuronal plasticity. After ACh–GABA pairing the calcium influx of a subsequent excitatory stimulus is increased, while GABA–ACh pairing affects the decay time leading to elevated calcium levels during the late phase of a subsequent excitatory stimulus. In an exactly defined subset ofDrosophilaKCs implicated in learning we find similar pairing-specific differences. Specifically the GABA–ACh pairing splits the KCs in two functional subgroups: one is only weakly inhibited by GABA and shows no neuronal plasticity and the other subgroup is strongly inhibited by GABA and shows elevated calcium levels during the late phase of a subsequent excitatory stimulus. Our findings provide evidence that insect KCs are capable of contributing to temporal processing of cholinergic and GABAergic inputs, which provides a neuronal mechanism of the differential temporal role of GABAergic inhibition during learning.
GABA-A Receptor Inhibition of Local Calcium Signaling in Spines and Dendrites
Authors: Marlin Joseph J. , Carter Adam G.
Published: November 2014

Cortical interneurons activate GABA-A receptors to rapidly control electrical and biochemical signaling at pyramidal neurons. Different populations of interneurons are known to uniquely target the soma and dendrites of pyramidal neurons. However, the ability of these interneurons to inhibit Ca2+signaling at spines and dendrites is largely unexplored. Here we use whole-cell recordings, two-photon microscopy, GABA uncaging and optogenetics to study dendritic inhibition at layer 5 (L5) pyramidal neurons in slices of mouse PFC. We first show that GABA-A receptors strongly inhibit action potential (AP)-evoked Ca2+signals at both spines and dendrites. We find robust inhibition over tens of milliseconds that spreads along the dendritic branch. However, we observe no difference in the amount of inhibition at neighboring spines and dendrites. We then examine the influence of interneurons expressing parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SOM), or 5HT3a receptors. We determine that these populations of interneurons make unique contacts onto the apical and basal dendrites of L5 pyramidal neurons. We also show that SOM and 5HT3a but not PV interneurons potently inhibit AP Ca2+signals via GABA-A receptors at both spines and dendrites. These findings reveal how multiple interneurons regulate local Ca2+signaling in pyramidal neurons, with implications for cortical function and disease.
Interactions between Dorsolateral and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Underlie Context-Dependent Stimulus Valuation in Goal-Directed Choice
Authors: Rudorf Sarah , Hare Todd A.
Published: November 2014

External circumstances and internal bodily states often change and require organisms to flexibly adapt valuation processes to select the optimal action in a given context. Here, we investigate the neurobiology of context-dependent valuation in 22 human subjects using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects made binary choices between visual stimuli with three attributes (shape, color, and pattern) that were associated with monetary values. Context changes required subjects to deviate from the default shape valuation and to integrate a second attribute to comply with the goal to maximize rewards. Critically, this binary choice task did not involve any conflict between opposing monetary, temporal, or social preferences. We tested the hypothesis that interactions between regions of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) implicated in self-control choices would also underlie the more general function of context-dependent valuation. Consistent with this idea, we found that the degree to which stimulus attributes were reflected in vmPFC activity varied as a function of context. In addition, activity in dlPFC increased when context changes required a reweighting of stimulus attribute values. Moreover, the strength of the functional connectivity between dlPFC and vmPFC was associated with the degree of context-specific attribute valuation in vmPFC at the time of choice. Our findings suggest that functional interactions between dlPFC and vmPFC are a key aspect of context-dependent valuation and that the role of this network during choices that require self-control to adjudicate between competing outcome preferences is a specific application of this more general neural mechanism.
Rainfall and deforestation in the municipality of Colíder, southern Amazon
Authors: Bonini Isabelle , Rodrigues Cleverson , Dallacort Rivanildo , Marimon Junior Ben Hur , Carvalho Marco Antônio Camillo
Published: November 2014

Deforestation may have effects on the hydrological cycle, directly reflecting in the rainfall rates. Therefore, studies pointing out evidence of climate changes caused by deforestation are extremely important, because they help understanding the way how these changes are related to forms of using and occupying the territory, as well as to the way how information obtained can to be useful for mitigating their effects. In this context, this paper aimed to analyze rainfall variations occurring in the municipality of Colíder, Mato Grosso, southern Amazon,Brazil, within a temporal scale of 28 years (daily data), correlating them to the regional and local deforestation patterns by determining Spearman's ρ coefficient. Annual rainfall presented a large variation, with a minimum of 1,296 mm in 1987 and a maximum of 2,492.8 mm in 1990. The rainy season was concentrated between October and April, and the driest period was within June and August. Spearman's coefficient pointed out negative correlations between regional and local deforestation and local rainfall, showing that the larger the deforested area, the lower the rainfall rate observed.
Thunderclap-like headache triggered by micturition and angina as an initial manifestation of bladder pheochromocytoma. A case report
Authors: Han You Jin , Ock So Young , Kim Eun Jung , Shin Ho Sik , Jung Yeon Soon , Rim Hark
Published: November 2014

CONTEXT: Pheochromocytoma is a catecholamine-producing tumor characterized by hypertension, headache, tachycardia, excessive diaphoresis and angina. The thunderclap headache is so named because the pain strikes suddenly and severely. Although the symptoms of bladder pheochromocytoma are rather evident, the diagnosis of this rare neuroendocrine tumor can be missed. CASE REPORT: This study reports the case of a woman diagnosed with bladder pheochromocytoma who experienced thunderclap headache triggered by micturition and angina as an initial manifestation. CONCLUSION: This case study suggests that thunderclap headache and angina occurring concurrently with sudden blood pressure elevation during or immediately after micturition are important diagnostic clues for bladder pheochromocytoma.
Implications of predictable and unpredictable environmental factors in common bean VCU trials in Minas Gerais
Authors: Lima Lidiane Kely de , Ramalho Magno Antonio Patto , Abreu Ângela de Fátima Barbosa , Toledo Fernando Henrique Ribeiro Barrozo , Ferreira Ricardo Augusto Diniz Cabral
Published: November 2014

The aim of this study was to estimate the relative contribution of predictable and unpredictable environmental variations to the lines x environments interaction and verify if it is possible to reduce the number of evaluation environments of the Value for Cultivation and Use Trials (VCU) conducted in Minas Gerais, Brazil. We used grain yield data from 166 VCU trials of common bean conducted in the state from 2002 to 2012. Individual and joint analyses of variance of the environments were carried out for each two-year period and the contribution of each source of variation to total variation was estimated. Subsequently, ecovalence was used, and joint analyses of variance were made considering different numbers of environments by means of resampling. The source of variation that most contributes to the interaction is location. Reduction in the number of environments in the VCU trials is not a good strategy for recommendation of cultivars in Minas Gerais.
Entre o fundamental e o contingente: dimensões da gentrificação contemporânea nas operações urbanas em São Paulo
Authors: Siqueira Marina Toneli
Published: November 2014

Opondo-se à importação direta de teorias, este artigo desenvolve um modelo analítico para o estudo da gentrificação que abarca tanto sua generalização como principal política do urbanismo neoliberal quanto sua localização em contextos urbanos específicos. O modelo analítico baseia-se em três dimensões necessárias e definidoras do processo: 1) produção do espaço gentrificável; 2) elitização social com expulsão de grupos vulneráveis; e, 3) transformação da paisagem construída. O estudo das operações urbanas em São Paulo demonstra que estas dimensões fundamentais são mediadas por estruturas locais e, nestes casos, contextualizadas em projetos urbanísticos individuais. Este artigo, portanto, explora as múltiplas escalas de promoção da gentrificação, enfatizando que formas de produção desigual do espaço e resistência às mesmas também são produzidas localmente.
Gentrificação no Bairro 2 de Julho, em Salvador: modos, formas e conteúdos
Authors: Mourad Laila , Figueiredo Glória Cecília , Baltrusis Nelson
Published: November 2014

Este artigo tem como objetivo entender os processos recentes de reestruturação urbana que vêm tomando corpo no centro antigo de Salvador, mais particularmente, as ações corporativas e públicas apoiadas na lógica da gentrificação e da privatização do espaço urbano. Para tanto, concentramos a presente análise na proposta de intervenção no Bairro 2 de Julho, buscando entender como esse processo vem se constituindo nesta área reconhecida pela Unesco como Patrimônio da Humanidade. Nos empreendimentos privados apoiados pelo poder público, evidencia-se processos de exclusão social, produzidos por um modelo de planejamento urbano excludente pautado na concepção do urbanismo corporativo, que se utiliza de mecanismos de desvalorização e revalorização de patrimônio histórico-cultural. Contribuindo assim, para facilitar e ampliar o processo de ressignificação do patrimônio urbano e a expulsão da população mais pobre.
Reflexões sobre o conceito e a ocorrência do processo de gentrification no Parque Histórico do Pelourinho, Salvador – BA
Authors: Ribeiro Daniel de Albuquerque
Published: November 2014

Gentrification é um processo urbano que ocorre em bairros históricos comumente centrais. Estando associado às transformações desencadeadas em um momento posterior à década de 1930, o processo implica a substituição de uma população de baixo poder aquisitivo por outra mais abastada. Essas características agregam a esse objeto de estudo um tipo específico de recorte espacial, temporal e social. A presente análise sobre o processo de gentrification poderá ser dividida em três momentos. O primeiro com a reflexão sobre o conceito em si, o segundo com a análise de alguns estudos de caso e o terceiro com o estudo de caso sobre o Parque Histórico do Pelourinho, Salvador, Bahia, que abrange três bairros tradicionais da cidade: Maciel, Carmo e Santo Antônio Além do Carmo.
Use of "EP"(Peroxidase) allele in soybean varietal characterization
Authors: Valário Bárbara Panoff , Cavariani Cláudio , França-Neto José de Barros , Vieira Elisa Serra Negra , Bravo Juliana Pereira , Silva Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da
Published: November 2014

The aim of this work was to evaluate the use of the molecular biology technique of PCR (Polimerase Chain Reaction) in the characterization of soybean cultivars. The study was performed at the Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences/ UNESP and Institute of Bioscience, Botucatu-SP. Fourteen commercial soybean cultivars were used, of which six were selected as positive reaction to peroxidase (BRS 320, BRS 284, BRS 232, BRS 7860RR, BRSMG 760SRR, BRS295RR), four as negative reaction (BRS 326, BRS 8160RR, BRSMG 800A (NutriSoy), BRS Valiosa RR) and four as double reaction (BRSGO 8060, BRS 270RR, FTS Campo Mourão and BRS 239). Thus, the results attained by the traditional biochemical colorimetric test for the 14 cultivars were compared with the conventional PCR assay. For PCR analysis, DNA was extracted from whole seeds and the primers were tested, and subsequently PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis were performed. The combination of primers prx9 + prx10 confirmed the use of the PCR reaction to characterize soybean cultivars considered doubtful by conventional colorimetric text.
Productivity and physiological quality of seeds with burn down herbicides at the pre harvest of bean crops
Authors: Pinto Marlo Adriano Bison , Basso Claudir José , Kulczynski Stela Maris , Bellé Cristiano
Published: November 2014

The physiological quality of bean seeds is influenced by the production environment and management practices employed during cultivation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the productivity and physiological quality of bean seeds after desiccant applications at different times at pre-harvest. A randomized block design was used, with a factorial (3x3) + 1 arrangement, where the application of three desiccants was tested: glyphosate (960 g a.i. ha-1), paraquat dichloride (240 g a.i. ha-1) and glufosinate ammonium (400 g a.i. ha-1) + mineral oil, applied three times (days after flowering - DAF), and a control without herbicide in four replications. Seed quality was determined by the following tests: germination, first count, seedling emergence speed rate, accelerated aging, electrical conductivity and seedling dry biomass. Seed yield was not influenced by either herbicides or time of application. Regardless of time of application, the lowest percentage of normal seedlings after the germination, first count and accelerated aging tests was observed in seeds desiccated with the herbicide glufosinate ammonium. The herbicide glyphosate reduces seedling vigor. The times of application of the product paraquat dichloride did not affect the germination and vigor of bean seeds.
Climate change and future scenarios for palisade grass production in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Andrade André Santana , Santos Patricia Menezes , Pezzopane José Ricardo Macedo , Bettiol Giovana Maranhão , Evangelista Sílvio Roberto Medeiros
Published: November 2014

The objective of this work was to analyze future scenarios for palisade grass yield subjected to climate change for the state of São Paulo, Brazil. An empirical crop model was used to estimate yields, according to growing degree-days adjusted by one drought attenuation factor. Climate data from 1963 to 2009 of 23 meteorological stations were used for current climate conditions. Downscaled outputs of two general circulation models were used to project future climate for the 2013-2040 and 2043-2070 periods, considering two contrasting scenarios of temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration increase (high and low). Annual dry matter yield should be from 14 to 42% higher than the current one, depending on the evaluated scenario. Yield variation between seasons (seasonality) and years is expected to increase. The increase of dry matter accumulation will be higher in the rainy season than in the dry season, and this result is more evident for soils with low-water storage capacity. The results varied significantly between regions (<10% to >60%). Despite their higher climate potential, warmer regions will probably have a lower increase in future forage production.
Identificação de Avibacterium paragallinarum em frangos de corte e poedeiras comerciais no Estado de Pernambuco
Authors: Silva Vanessa A.S. , Kim Pomy C.P. , Barros Mércia R. , Vilela Sineide M.O. , Silva Leonildo B.G. , Mota Rinaldo A.
Published: November 2014

As aves da indústria avícola brasileira são suscetíveis a surtos de doenças infecciosas relacionadas a perdas econômicas, principalmente por enfermidades infecciosas causadas por Mycoplasma, Avibacterium paragallinarum e vírus que acometem o trato respiratório. Objetivou-se neste estudo pesquisar o envolvimento de A. paragallinarum em surto de doença respiratória aviária. Foram coletados 18 swabs da região infraorbitária dos seios nasais de aves, sendo seis amostras de frangos de corte com sinais clínicos e 12 de poedeiras com sinais clínicos. As amostras foram cultivadas em meios específicos para o agente e também testadas com a técnica molecular Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase. Das amostras analisadas no isolamento, 100% foram negativas. Na PCR, duas (16,66%) foram positivas. A detecção de A. paragallinarum na PCR em galinhas poedeiras com sinais clínicos respiratótios indica que esta bactéria está associada à etiologia da síndrome respiratória das aves nas granjas no estado de Pernambuco.
Technological level and epidemiological aspects of sheep husbandry in Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Gouveia Aurora M.G. , Silva Marcos X. , Maia Julia M.S. , Brandão Humberto M. , Seyffert Núbia , Miyoshi Anderson , Azevedo Vasco , Guimarães Alessandro S.
Published: November 2014

Epidemiological and health aspects of sheep husbandry were assessed on 213 sheep flocks in 142 municipalities from the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. An updated questionnaire was filled out for each flock, requesting data on the farm, the flock and the farmer by the veterinarians of the State Government Agency for Animal Health (Instituto Mineiro de Agropecuária). Thirteen important variables were selected and scored to determine the technological level of the 117 farms; 0.9% of them was classified as high technological level, 45.3% as medium technological level and 53.0% as low technological level. Lamb production was the main objective of the farms and the main features were low-frequencies of individual identification of animals (16.9%), technical assistance (31.9%), use of quarantine for newly acquired animals (0.9%) the separation of animals by age group (3.7%) and requeste the sanitary certificate at purchasing of animals (11.7%). The main health problems reported were abortion (23.9%), keratoconjunctivitis (17.9%), contagious ecthyma (13.6%), pneumonia (10.3%), diarrhea (9.3%) and caseous lymphadenitis (6.1%). Information of the epidemiological situation and the mainly health measures used in the sheep farms are important to improve the productivity and quality of the lamb.
Avaliação ultrassonográfica e mensurações das glândulas adrenais em primatas não humanos neotropicais: mico-de-cheiro (Saimiri sciureus), macaco-da-noite (Aotus azarae infulatus) e bugio-ruivo (Alouatta guariba clamitans)
Authors: Souza Andressa C. , Lange Rogério R. , Przydzimirski Andreise C. , Castro Paulo H.G. , Pascoli Ana , S. Júnior Júlio César , Froes Tilde R.
Published: November 2014

As glândulas adrenais possuem funções endócrinas relacionadas a múltiplas funções vitais, estando intimamente relacionadas à capacidade do animal em se adaptar ao estresse. O exame ultrassonográfico é o método diagnóstico de escolha para avaliação das glândulas em diferentes espécies. Considerando a escassa literatura, questiona-se se as doenças adrenais em primatas não humanos são incomuns ou subdiagnosticadas, havendo a hipótese desse fato ser determinado pela falta de parâmetros. Objetivou-se descrever as características ultrassonográficas das glândulas adrenais para três espécies de primatas não humanos mantidas em cativeiro: Saimiri sciureus (mico-de-cheiro), Aotus azarae infulatus (macaco-da-noite) e Alouatta guariba clamitans (bugio-ruivo). Conclui-se que é possível a identificação das glândulas adrenais por meio de exame ultrassonográfico, sendo que os padrões de referência foram estabelecidos com sucesso para as espécies em questão. Ressalta-se que a adequação de animais em ambientes estressantes é frequentemente acompanhada por uma hipertrofia das glândulas adrenais, portanto deve-se levar em consideração que as mensurações realizadas nesse estudo foram estabelecidas em animais de cativeiro.
O sofrer, o narrar, o agir: dimensões da mobilização social de familiares de vítimas
Authors: Lacerda Paula
Published: November 2014

Este trabalho consiste em uma análise da relação entre acontecimentos de violência contra meninos de 8 a 15 anos, na cidade de Altamira, Pará, e as ações subsequentes organizadas por seus familiares. Narrando suas trajetórias de mobilização, os familiares das vítimas constroem a "luta" como sendo um "caminho cheio de espinhos", pontuado por decepções. Todavia, é justamente esse penoso caminhar que lhes provoca a sensação de proximidade com seus filhos e irmãos. A mobilização configura-se como recurso encontrado para "fazer alguma coisa" por seus meninos, assim evitando que os crimes pudessem se repetir e também para que as vítimas não fossem jamais esquecidas. A análise privilegiará a dimensão da fala em sua potencialidade curativa, mas que é também capaz de fazer reviver, nos corpos e nas almas de mães, irmãs e pais de vítimas, dores e sofrimentos descritos como sendo os piores de suas vidas.
Múltiplas vitimizações: crianças indígenas Kaiowá nos abrigos urbanos do Mato Grosso do Sul
Authors: Nascimento Silvana Jesus do
Published: November 2014

Este artigo trata de questões relativas ao trabalho com a rede de atendimento à criança, em particular, com as crianças indígenas kaiowá em situação de "vulnerabilidade". Em cidades do Mato Grosso do Sul têm sido frequentes os casos em que crianças kaiowá são retiradas de suas parentelas e conduzidas para os abrigos urbanos. A pesquisa foi realizada com base no método etnográfico, também foram feitas entrevistas e levantamentos de dados junto aos sítios de busca virtual. O objetivo deste artigo é refletir sobre o processo de vitimização sofrido pelas crianças indígenas que são abrigadas. Os resultados obtidos permitiram observar as ambiguidades e contradições presentes nas representações da rede de atendimento sobre os índios: as crianças indígenas são vistas como duplamente vítimas (vítimas por serem crianças e vítimas por pertencerem à cultura indígena) e os adultos como "criminosos" (bêbados e preguiçosos).
Peace Bridge, Londonderry: design and construction
Authors: Brown Philip , Kuhendran Kandiah , Marks James
Published: November 2014

Londonderry in Northern Ireland is a city divided both physically and symbolically by the River Foyle. As part of an integrated programme of regeneration for the city, a new pedestrian and cycle bridge was constructed to provide access from the historic city centre to a new mixed-use development on the opposite side of the river. Because of the symbolic significance of creating a link between the historically divided communities on either side of the river, the bridge was named Peace Bridge. The 310-m-long curved self-anchored suspension structure was opened in June 2011 and has already become a landmark for the city. This paper describes how the client's requirements were incorporated into the unique design and summarises the main elements of the detailed design and construction.
EMDR Therapy Humanitarian Trauma Recovery Interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Jarero Ignacio , Artigas Lucina , Uribe Susana , Miranda Alaide
Published: November 2014

This article presents an overview of the eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) Humanitarian Trauma Recovery Interventions in Latin America and the Caribbean and provides the reader with clinical stories from the front lines. During our many years working in the field, we have observed that psychological trauma is a challenging consequence of the multifaceted situations confronting individuals and communities after disasters. In this article, we describe the EMDR humanitarian interventions provided since 1998 in Latin America and the Caribbean to address survivors’ psychological distress after natural disasters (e.g., flooding, landslides, earthquakes), man-made disasters, human massacre, and severe interpersonal violence. Treatment has been provided to child, adolescent, and adult survivors, often in community settings, and to first responders and cancer patients. The EMDR early intervention protocols are brief effective interventions that can be used in the field or emergency situations; there is a body of research supporting the use of modified EMDR therapy protocols to treat acute trauma in both group and individual formats (Jarero, Artigas, & Luber, 2011).
Development of a HPLC-UV method for determination of meloxicam in human plasma and pharmaceutical dosage forms
Authors: Enikő Csifo , M. D. Croitoru , Ibolya Fülöp , Daniela-Lucia Muntean
Published: November 2014

Objectives: A simple, quick and low cost HPLC-UV method for assay of meloxicam in plasma and pharmaceutical dosage forms was developed.

Methods: Separation and assay of meloxicam, using a simple reverse phase HPLC-UV method was achieved using an Agilent Zorbax SB C18 column, with methanol and 1% aqueous solution of glacial acetic acid as mobile phase. Elution was performed with composition gradient, meloxicam being detected at 355 nm with a 5 minutes analysis time. The method was tested on human plasma and pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Results: The retention time of the meloxicam was 3,7 minutes. Regression analysis showed good linearity, with correlation coefficient R= 0,9997; linear regression equation: y = 206,1x -77,5 over the 20-2000 ng/ml concentration range. Limit of detection was determined to be 5 ng/ml and limit of quantification was set at 15 ng/ml. The recovery of the analyte in human plasma was low: 30,50%, however it was reproducible, with a coefficient of variation of 4,83%. The analysis of the tablets resulted in a 85,82% of meloxicam compared to the declared concentration.

Conclusions: The method proposed is quick, simple and adequate for detecting the meloxicam in human plasma. Although the recovery rate was low, it was reproducible, which leads to the fact, that improving extraction procedure can optimize the method.
Epidemiological Survey of Dental Fear and Anxiety in Children Living in Transylvania
Authors: Gyergyay Réka , Székely Melinda , Mártha Krisztina
Published: November 2014

Aims The objectives of the present survey were: 1) a systematic epidemiological investigation of dental fear and anxiety among children living in the central part of Romania and 2) to identify the most fearful aspects of dental care perceived by these children.

Methods In this cross-sectional study 406 schoolchildren, 170 males and 263 females, aged 11-18 yearsfrom two cities, Tirgu Mureş and Sfintu Gheorghe were assessed. The subjects’ dental fear was evaluated with the Romanian versions of Corah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) and Kleinknecht’s Dental Fear Survey (DFS), the anxiety level with Spielberger`s State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-S, STAI-T) and their opinion about dentists with Getz’s Dental Beliefs Scale (DBS). Questionnaires were completed anonymously at school. The study was approved by theResearch Ethics Committeeof the University of Medicine and Pharmacy Tirgu Mureş. For statistical analysis t-test, one-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation test were used by SPSS/PC statistics v. 17.0.

Results The mean (±SD) scores of the surveyed subjects (mean age 15.69±2.06 years) were high: MDAS 10.65 (±4.5), DFS 38.68 (±15.1), DBS 36.93 (±11.9), STAI-S 37.90 (±10.9) and STAI-T 41.04 (±9.9), respectively. There was a strong positive Pearson-correlation between MDAS and DFS scores (r=0.73; p≤0.01) and a somewhat lower correlation between these scales and the general anxiety scores. Except for DBS, statistically significantly higher scores were found in females for every questionnaire (t-test, p≤0.05). The 11-year-old group presented the lowest scores in every case, while the peak was around 14 years. Age was a statistically significant factor only in case of DBS, STAI-S and STAI-T (one-way ANOVA, p<0.05). Drilling and injection were considered the most fearful moments of a dental treatment. Subjects claimed dental practitioners working under time pressure and communication deficiencies.

Conclusions Having their special features, our findings were consistent with the local and international data. The subjects claim lack of time and communication deficiencies with the dentists. Identifying the reasons of dental fear and anxiety, might lead to solutions of avoidance or control.
Cor triatriatum dexter, a very rare congenital anomaly presented in a complex pathological context – case presentation
Authors: Gozar Liliana , Blesneac Cristina , Toganel Rodica
Published: November 2014

Background Cor triatriatum dexter is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, and in most cases, without hemodynamic significance. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common viral infection, the majority of infected infants being asymptomatic and only 5-15% being symptomatic in the neonatal period.

Case report We present the case of a female infant, aged 3 months. Clinical examination reveals cranial and facial anomalies. The karyotype was normal. Laboratory tests revealed the presence of anti-CMV antibodies in urine. Imaging studies showed cerebral and renal anomalies. Echocardiographic exam revealed a congenital anatomical feature without hemodynamic significance - cor triatriatum dexter.

Conclusions although cytomegalovirus infection is mostly asymptomatic, it can present as a complex pathological association, in which a congenital cardiac anatomical feature without hemodynamic significance, considered by some authors as an anatomical variant, can appear