bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BİR İLETİŞİM STRATEJİSİ OLARAK KAMPANYA UYGULAMALARINDA “CİNSİYETLENDİRİLMİŞ” TOPLUMSAL ROLLERİN İNŞASI
Authors: BAL Sevil
Published: December 2023

Genel kapsamda iletişim ve halkla ilişkiler uygulamalarının kritik bileşeni olarak kampanya, kurum ve kamuları arasında ilgili hedefe yönelik (pazar payını artırmak, kar maksimizasyonu sağlamak, itibar yönetimi vb.) olarak gerçekleştirilen stratejik planlama süreç ve uygulamalarını kapsamaktadır. Çeşitli sektörlerde bu çerçevede bir hedef-strateji olarak toplumsal cinsiyet kalıp yargılarına başvurulmaktadır. Gerek iletişim çalışmaları gerekse halkla ilişkiler literatüründe; reklam kampanyaları ve toplumsal cinsiyet tartışmasına ilişkin kapsamlı bir art alan bulunmakla birlikte; cinsiyetlendirilmiş toplumsal rollerinin bir iletişim stratejisi olarak kampanya süreçlerinde nasıl kurgulandığına yönelik bütünsel bir değerlendirme sunan çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı; her bir kampanya aşaması üzerinden (pazarın durumu, kampanyanın hedefleri, hedef kitlenin belirlenmesi, yaratıcı stratejiler ve medya stratejileri ile kampanya sonuçları vb.) toplumsal cinsiyet rol ve kalıp yargılarından ne şekilde yararlanıldığı, hangi stereotiplerin öne çıktığını ve eleştirel-alternatif uygulama örneklerinin bulunup bulunmadığını incelemektir. Effie Türkiye Reklam Etkinliği yarışmasında ödül alan dört ürün-hizmet kategorisinden 13 kampanyanın niteliksel içerik analizi tekniğiyle değerlendirildiği çalışmanın sonuncunda; belirlenen kampanya kategorileri ve aşamalarında, sınırlı alternatif uygulamalarla karşılaşılmakla birlikte; egemen toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri ve kalıp yargılarının farklı örnekler üzerinden üretim-tüketim döngüsünü destekleyen bir stratejik iletişim mekanizması olarak devrede olduğu görülmüştür.
TEMEL TASARIM KAVRAMLARININ ÖRME TASARIMINDA KULLANIMI
Authors: TOKGÖZ Suzan , YILDIZ Bahar
Published: December 2023

Tasarım odaklı yapılan çalışmalar, keşfetmek, üretmek, farklılık ve yenilik arayışını içeren yaratıcı bir süreçtir. Kendine özgü prensip ve sisteme sahip, görsel ifade biçimlerinden biri olan tekstil ve moda tasarımı, temel tasarım kavramları aracılığıyla gereken donanım ve anlatım dilinin oluşmasına önemli katkılar sağlamaktadır. Örme tasarımı, yaratılmak istenen estetik ve işlevsel değere sahip yüzey ve giysi tasarımlarının oluşturulmasında birçok değişken dinamiği içerisinde barındırmaktadır. Tasarım geliştirme çalışmalarında iplik, örgü ve makine özellikleri ile doku, renk, form gibi unsurların seçimi, düzenlenmesi sürecinde tasarım yaklaşımları büyük önem taşımaktadır. Günümüzde örme teknolojisi, desenlendirme, örgü tasarımı ve gelişmiş kalıp uygulama tekniklerinin sunduğu olanaklar ile birçok tasarımın üretilmesine alternatif imkanlar sağlamaktadır. Çalışmada örme tasarımında temel tasarım kavramları ile örme yüzey oluşumu ve örme giysi tasarımı ilişkisinde görsel, fiziksel, ergonomik özelliklerin kazandırılması ile kullanımına ilişkin örnekler incelenerek açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu bağlamda örme tasarımını geliştiren, destekleyen yönü ile ele alınan temel tasarım kavramları, alternatif tasarım imkanları tartışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, tekstil ve moda tasarımı alanında eğitim alan öğrencilere, bu alanda kendini geliştirmek isteyen tasarımcılara katkı sağlamak, yeni bakış açıları kazandırmak amaçlanmaktadır.
From mouse to human
Authors: Mani Arya
Published: December 2023

A deep analysis of multiple genomic datasets reveals which genetic pathways associated with atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease are shared between mice and humans.
Algorithmic Precision Medicine: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence for Healthcare Optimization
Authors: Chaurasia Anubhav
Published: December 2023

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative force in the healthcare sector, revolutionizing various facets of medical practice, research, and administration. This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of AI applications in healthcare, including diagnostic tools, patient management systems, drug discovery, and ethical considerations. Real-world case studies and success stories illustrate the tangible impact of AI, such as IBM Watson for Oncology and Google DeepMind's Streams, which enhance diagnostic accuracy and early disease detection. Furthermore, emerging research areas in AI, including explainable AI and federated learning, hold promise for addressing ethical and privacy concerns while advancing medical knowledge. The integration of AI into healthcare promises to improve patient outcomes, streamline operations, and reduce costs. This paper underscores the significance of responsible AI deployment and encourages continued research and innovation to harness AI's full potential in shaping the future of healthcare.
ChatGPT: Early Adopters, Teething Issues and the Way Forward
Authors: Kubuga Kennedy Kumangkem , Abiam Solomon , Laar David Sanka , Asante George
Published: December 2023

From one-way communication to two-way communication, text-based to multimedia, unencrypted to end-to-end encrypted chats, computer, computer-to-human chats have evolved over the years to more sophisticated chatbots, mimicking natural human language based on predefined algorithms. ChatGPT is one of the most recent of such tools and, due to its capabilities has grown tremendously in use. Despite the numerous benefits of ChatGPT, some users have raised numerous concerns about its usage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the underlying determinants contributing to the effective adoption of ChatGPT, elicit from users the challenges to the use of ChatGPT, and make recommendations to developers and users on how to sustain ChatGPT. Questionnaires, face-to-face interviews, and focus group discussions were used to collect data for discussion.

The study revealed very high acceptance rates of the chat tool stemming from its initial wildfire spread of over 1 million users within 5 days of launch to the 85% acceptance or perception among users that ChatGPT has the potential to improve how they perform their own daily professional and personal tasks. 

Although 90% of users claimed to find the tool relatively easy to understand, navigate and use they also pointed out areas that need upgrading such as inclusion of multimedia and more accessibility features.
Influence of Soil and Foliar Application of Nutrients on Growth and Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L)
Authors: Dharnesh Chandar A.  , Isaac Manuel R.  , Alex Immanual Jeyasingh R.  , Joseph P. A.  , Udhaya Kumar K.  , Dinesh Kumar P.
Published: December 2023

Aims: This study aims to scrutinize the intricacies of nutrient management to optimize the cultivation of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) during the Rabi season of 2022-2023 in Coimbatore. The primary objectives include evaluating the efficacy of various treatments, such as recommended doses of inorganic fertilizer (RDF), rhizobium, and Phosphobacteria microbial inoculants as soil applicants, as well as TNAU Pulse Wonder, nano urea, and DAP as foliar sprays.

Study Design: A meticulous Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications was employed to explore diverse treatments. This design allowed for a systematic investigation into the impact of different nutrient management strategies on the growth and yield of black grams.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Coimbatore, and the Rabi season of 2022-2023 was chosen for its duration. The experimental setup was established at the research farm under the auspices of the Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences.

Methodology: A total of ten treatments were tested, including various combinations of RDF (25:50:25), rhizobial culture, phosphobacteria, TNAU Pulse Wonder, nano urea, and DAP. Plant growth metrics, such as plant height and leaf count, were measured at 60 days after sowing (DAS). Yield attributes, including pod count, seeds per pod, and test weight, were also evaluated. Economic scrutiny included the calculation of the cost of cultivation, gross return, net income, and benefit-cost ratio.

Results: Treatment T7, consisting of 75% RDF, rhizobial culture, phosphobacteria, and 1% TNAU Pulse Wonder, demonstrated substantial efficacy in enhancing plant growth metrics. At 60 DAS, this treatment exhibited an appreciable increase in plant height (39.89 cm) and leaf count (15.33). Moreover, T7 positively impacted crucial yield attributes, with elevated pod count (24.33), seeds per pod (9.33), and test weight (4.98 g). Economic scrutiny identified T7 as the epitome of economic viability, featuring a cost of cultivation at 30,240 INR, gross return of 125,587.80 INR, net income of 95,347.80 INR, and a commendable benefit-cost ratio of 4.15.

Conclusion: These findings underscore the profound significance of strategic nutrient management paradigms for fostering sustainable and economically robust black gram cultivation. The identified treatment T7 stands out as a promising approach to optimize yields and economic returns in black gram cultivation, offering valuable insights for future agricultural practices.
Epidemiological Studies on Leaf Blights of Maize Caused by Exerohilum turcicum (Pass.) Leonard and Suggs and Bipolaris maydis (Nisik. and Miyake)
Authors: Raju Radhajeyalakshmi , Veluchamy Sathyasheela , Thambiyannan Selvakumar , Natesan Satheesh Kumar , Vaithyanathan Senthilvel , Gandhi Karthikeyan
Published: December 2023

The Field experiments conducted at Maize Research Station,Vagarai, Tamil Nadu, India during kharif  2019, 2020 & 2021 to study the disease development in relation to weather parameters, viz., temperature, relative humidity, rainfall with the leaf blights of maize. Observations on the spore load and disease grade were taken from 33rd standard week to 44th standard weeks at weekly interval. Increased spore load of 13 to 48 Nos. / Microscopic observations for TLB and 3 to 5 Nos./microscopic observations with the temperature ranges between 22-35◦C, Humidity 48-72% and 19-24° Dew will lead to the TLB & MLB disease incidence with the grade of 1to 4 was observed. Based on the observations, the first appearance of leaf blight diseases were observed between 35th and 45th days after sowing with the grade of 1 (34th meteorological standard week). The disease grade increased from 1 to 4 as the age of the crop increases. There was a sudden increase in disease intensity because of increased scattered showers and increased relative Humidity (44th meteorological standard week). Temperature has not much influenced the disease development, since it was almost uniform throughout the cropping season in these three years. From the dataset, we would like to highlight that 34th and 44th meteorological standard weeks are highly critical for leaf blight disease development. Hence, spraying with   mancozeb or zineb @ 2-4 g/l or propiconazole 25% EC @ 1ml/l during 34th and 44th meteorological standard week is recommended to manage the disease during kharif seasons in Tamil Nadu.
Effect of NPK on Growth and Flower Yield of Hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)
Authors: Verma Ashish , Prasad V. M.
Published: December 2023

The research work on “Effect of NPK on growth and flower yield Hibiscus rosa sinensis” was conducted in the Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during the year 2019-2020. The experiment was conducted in randomized block design with three replications & 12 treatments. Treatments were allocated randomly to each replication each treatment comprised of one plants which made a total of 36 plants. The best results were achieved in treatment T4 NPK (100:105:105) gram per plant with maximum plant height (113.62), maximum number of leaves per plant (71.99), maximum number of branches per plant (10.07), minimum days to bud initiation (43.31 days), minimum days taken flowering (49.87 days), maximum number of flower per plant(15.83), maximum flower diameter(cm) (13.06), flower weight(g) was found maximum (3.82), number of flower was found maximum (39575) along with maximum cost-benefit ratio (1: 1.46).
Lung Ultrasound to Diagnose Necrotizing Pneumonia in the Pediatric Patient
Authors: Kadakia Rachna , Gordon Isaac , Muntean Cornelia
Published: December 2023

Necrotizing pneumonia, a severe complication of community-acquired pneumonia, poses a significant risk of potentially fatal outcomes if not promptly identified and treated. The current standard of care in the emergency room involves an initial plain radiograph of the chest followed by a computed tomography scan, considered the gold standard for diagnosis. In this case report, we present the unique scenario of a 3-year-old child initially diagnosed with pneumonia and subsequently revealed to have necrotizing pneumonia through the utilization of lung ultrasound. This case highlights the potential efficacy of employing lung ultrasound as a primary diagnostic tool for identifying necrotizing pneumonia in the pediatric population, challenging the conventional diagnostic pathway.
Validation Cropping Systems and Input Management in Calcareous Vertisols
Authors: Raju Ambati Ravinder , Manikandan A. , Narala Anuradha , Rokde Sunil Heel Kantha , Deshmukh Rachna , Tiwari Pranay , Yesankar Milind
Published: December 2023

Inputs were tested and validated to supply optimum P and Zn content in index leaf of Bt hybrid cotton during squaring to flowering stage, such as seed treatment with NPK consortia to encourage soil biological activities in low organic carbon highly Calcareous Vertisols alongwith 75% RDF. Bentonite sulphur @20 kg ha-1 yr-1 soil application (SA) + RDF; Sagarika seed treatment @ 0.2% alongwith twice foliar sprays @ 0.002% at squaring and flowering + RDF; Nano ZnO 4% Seed treatment twice foliar sprays@0.004% + RDF produced significant agronomic response during 2019, exception was during 2020, the magnitude was 50% less due twice torrential (>60-100mm) and five times medium (25-50mm) rains during July and August months upset the reproductive physiology of cotton, shedded all the fruiting bodies, unable to maintain index leaf NPK, besides heavy pink bollworm attack. All these treatments were applied with 100% RDF @90:45:45 N:P2O5:K2O granular, two splits of basal spot application  having 6.5% Sulphur containing, N: P2O5: K2O @ 22.5 kg ha-1  twice on 15, 30 DAS and twice as Urea at 45 and 60 DAS, Bentonite Sulphur @ 20 kg ha-1 +RDF or seed treatment and foliar applications of bio-stimulants Sagarika @ 0.02% and twice foliar applications of the same @ 0.002% and Nano ZnO @ 0.004% twice produced 67-86 ppm Zn in index leaf of the Bt hybrid cotton, similar to that of chelated Zn 0.5%.  These inputs produced 161-287 kg lint ha-1 i. e. more than double 38 to 50% due to better nutrient uptake, biomass production, boll number with more than ₹. 15 to 30, 000/- ha-1 profitability and 1.5 to 2.2 C:B ratio, FUE 1.6 to 1.2 and lowest cost of production in both the years. Large scale OFTs in Kalmeshwar Tq, Nagpur district (M.S.) India in highly Calcareous soils, on suitable field and horticulture crops, irrigations and inputs management confirmed the beneficial effect of RDF 150% @120:60:60 N:P2O5:K2O three splits fertilizers mixture of SSP + Urea + 20:20:0:13  soil application  and also Bentonite sulphur or with and without two winter irrigations in late September besides seed treatment with PGPRs or Sagarika 0.002% before sowing and twice foliar applications with the same or alongwith chelated micronutrients 0.5% + WSF 17:44:0 and 0:0:50 2.0% + Boron 0.3% alternately with ZnSO4 0.5% or nano ZnO 0.004% alongwith Urea 2% and Boron 0.3% or were help full in doubling the seed cotton yields besides reducing the pre mature leaf reddening by maintaining optimum index leaf nutrient content.
Opioid Prescribing by US Surgeons, 2016-2022
Authors: Zhang Jason , Waljee Jennifer F. , Nguyen Thuy D. , Bohnert Amy S. , Brummett Chad M. , Bicket Mark C. , Chua Kao-Ping
Published: December 2023

This cross-sectional study investigates the rate and dosing of opioid prescriptions among US surgeons from 2016 to 2022.
Enhancing Thermal Conductivity, Electrical Insulation, and Mechanical Strength of Polydimethylsiloxane Composites with Sandwich Structure
Authors: An Yi , Li Chenglin , Liu Jiaming , Li Ning , Wang Wenhao , Qiu Siyuan , Wu Daming , Liu Tao , Sun Jingyao
Published: December 2023

In this article, boron nitride (BN)/carbon nanotube (CNT)/boron nitride (BN) (BCB) film of sandwich structure is prepared by vacuum‐assisted filtration. Compared with the thermal conductivity (λ) of BNs–cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) (BC) film, the λ of sandwich structured BCB films with the same thickness (The preparation process consists of one layer of BC and one layer of CNTs–CNCs (CC) until the completion of three layers of filtration) has been significantly improved. Then, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix is infiltrated into the BCB films by the ultrasonic‐assisted forced infiltration method. Prepared BN/CNT/BN/PDMS (BCBP) composites with sandwich structure have excellent λ and mechanical performance. When the weight ratio of BNs to CNCs is 20:1, the λ of BCBP20:1 attains 5.253 W (m K)−1, compared with other thermally conductive composites with the same thickness (0.1 mm), it has an obvious increase. Besides, the dielectric properties and mechanical flexibility of BCBP are also systematically analyzed. This sandwich structure is prepared in such a method that the BCBP will not cause short circuits in electronic devices under high temperatures while having high λ.
Clinical course and therapeutic trial for a case of congenital secretory diarrhea due to novel GUCY2C variant
Authors: Scott William , Wong Ian Guo Yi , Cramer Jesse , Horton Darlene , Basel Donald , Teng Ru‐Jeng , Muriello Michael , Elkadri Abdul
Published: December 2023

Chronic diarrhea presents a significant challenge for managing nutritional and electrolyte deficiencies, especially in children, given the higher stakes of impacting growth and developmental consequence. Congenital secretory diarrhea (CSD) compounds this further, particularly in the case of the activating variants of the guanylate‐cyclase 2C (GUCY2C) gene. GUCY2C encodes for the guanylate‐cyclase 2C (GC‐C) receptor that activates the downstream cystic fibrosis transmembrane receptor (CFTR) that primarily drives the severity of diarrhea with an unclear extent of influence on other intestinal channels. Thus far, management for CSD primarily consists of mitigating nutritional, electrolyte, and volume deficiencies with no known pathophysiology‐driven treatments. For activating variants of GUCY2C, experimental compounds have shown efficacy in vitro for direct inhibition of GC‐C but are not currently available for clinical use. However, Crofelemer, a CFTR inhibitory modulator with negligible systemic absorption, can theoretically help to treat this type of CSD. Herein, we describe and characterize the clinical course of a premature male infant with a de novo missense variant of GUCY2C not previously reported and highly consistent with CSD. With multi‐disciplinary family‐directed decision‐making, a treatment for CSD was evaluated for the first time to our knowledge with Crofelemer.
Reference‐Quality Free Energy Barriers in Catalysis from Machine Learning Thermodynamic Perturbation Theory
Authors: Rey Jérôme , Chizallet Céline , Rocca Dario , Bučko Tomáš , Badawi Michael
Published: December 2023

For the first time, we report calculations of the free energies of activation of cracking and isomerization reactions of alkenes that combine several different electronic structure methods with molecular dynamics simulations. We demonstrate that the use of a high level of theory (here Random Phase Approximation—RPA) is necessary to bridge the gap between experimental and computed values. These transformations, catalyzed by zeolites and proceeding via cationic intermediates and transition states, are building blocks of many chemical transformations for valorization of long chain paraffins originating, e.g., from plastic waste, vegetable oils, Fischer–Tropsch waxes or crude oils. Compared with the free energy barriers computed at the PBE+D2 production level of theory via constrained ab initio molecular dynamics, the barriers computed at the RPA level by the application of Machine Learning thermodynamic Perturbation Theory (MLPT) show a significant decrease for isomerization reaction and an increase of a similar magnitude for cracking, yielding an unprecedented agreement with the results obtained by experiments and kinetic modeling.
Discovery of Natural Potent HMG‐CoA Reductase Degraders for Lowering Cholesterol
Authors: Su Xiao‐Zheng , Zhang Lin‐Fei , Hu Kun , An Yang , Zhang Qiao‐Peng , Tang Jian‐Wei , Yan Bing‐Chao , Li Xing‐Ren , Cai Jie , Li Xiao‐Nian , Sun Han‐Dong , Jiang Shi‐You , Puno Pema‐Tenzin
Published: December 2023

Exploitation of key protected wild plant resources makes great sense, but their limited populations become the major barrier. A particular strategy for breaking this barrier was inspired by the exploration of a resource‐saving fungal endophyte Penicillium sp. DG23, which inhabits the key protected wild plant Schisandra macrocarpa. Chemical studies on the cultures of this strain afforded eight novel indole diterpenoids, schipenindolenes A−H (1–8), belonging to six diverse skeleton types. Importantly, semisyntheses suggested some key nonenzymatic reactions constructing these molecules and provided targeted compounds, in particular schipenindolene A (Spid A, 1) with low natural abundance. Remarkably, Spid A was the most potent HMG‐CoA reductase (HMGCR) degrader among the indole diterpenoid family. It degraded statin‐induced accumulation of HMGCR protein, decreased cholesterol levels and acted synergistically with statin to further lower cholesterol. Mechanistically, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling suggested that Spid A potentially activated the endoplasmic reticulum‐associated degradation (ERAD) pathway to enhance the degradation of HMGCR, while simultaneously inhibiting the statin‐activated expression of many key enzymes in the cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis pathways, thereby strengthening the efficacy of statins and potentially reducing the side effects of statins. Collectively, this study suggests the potential of Spid A for treating cardiovascular disease.
Catalytic Enantioselective [4+2] Cycloadditions of Salicylaldehyde Acetals with Enol Ethers
Authors: Hu Xiaojun , Zhu Zhengbo , Li Zhongzheng , Adili Alafate , Odagi Minami , Abboud Khalil A. , Seidel Daniel
Published: December 2023

A readily accessible conjugate‐base‐stabilized carboxylic acid (CBSCA) catalyst facilitates highly enantioselective [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of salicylaldehyde‐derived acetals and cyclic enol ethers, resulting in the formation of polycyclic chromanes with oxygenation in the 2‐ and 4‐positions. Stereochemically more complex products can be obtained from racemic enol ethers. Spirocyclic products are also accessible.
A Universal Approach for Sustainable Urea Synthesis via Intermediate Assembly at the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface
Authors: Tu Xiaojin , Zhu Xiaorong , Bo Shuowen , Zhang Xiaoran , Miao Ruping , Wen Guobin , Chen Chen , Li Jing , Zhou Yangyang , Liu Qinghua , Chen Dawei , Shao Huaiyu , Yan Dafeng , Li Yafei , Jia Jianfeng , Wang Shuangyin
Published: December 2023

Electrocatalytic C−N coupling process is indeed a sustainable alternative for direct urea synthesis and co‐upgrading of carbon dioxide and nitrate wastes. However, the main challenge lies in the unactivated C−N coupling process. Here, we proposed a strategy of intermediate assembly with alkali metal cations to activate C−N coupling at the electrode/electrolyte interface. Urea synthesis activity follows the trend of Li+<Na+<Cs+<K+. In the presence of K+, a world‐record performance was achieved with a urea yield rate of 212.8±10.6 mmol h−1 g−1 on a single‐atom Co supported TiO2 catalyst at −0.80 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Theoretical calculations and operando synchrotron‐radiation Fourier transform infrared measurements revealed that the energy barriers of C−N coupling were significantly decreased via K+ mediated intermediate assembly. By applying this strategy to various catalysts, we demonstrate that intermediate assembly at the electrode/electrolyte interface is a universal approach to boost sustainable urea synthesis.
Crystal Growth Regulation of Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskites via Self‐Assembly of Semiconductor Spacers for Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Mingqian , Dong Xiyue , Xin Yufei , Gao Yuping , Fu Qiang , Wang Rui , Xu Zhiyuan , Chen Yu , Liu Yongsheng
Published: December 2023

The crystal growth and orientation of two‐dimensional (2D) perovskite films significantly impact solar cell performance. Here, we incorporated robust quadrupole‐quadrupole interactions to govern the crystal growth of 2D Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites. This was achieved through the development of two unique semiconductor spacers, namely PTMA and 5FPTMA, with different dipole moments. The ((5FPTMA)0.1(PTMA)0.9)2MAn−1PbnI3n+1 (nominal n=5, 5F/PTMA−Pb) film shows a preferred vertical orientation, reduced grain boundaries, and released residual strain compared to (PTMA)2MAn−1PbnI3n+1 (nominal n=5, PTMA−Pb), resulting in a decreased exciton binding energy and reduced electron‐phonon coupling coefficients. In contrast to PTMA−Pb device with an efficiency of 15.66 %, the 5F/PTMA−Pb device achieved a champion efficiency of 18.56 %, making it among the best efficiency for 2D RP perovskite solar cells employing an MA‐based semiconductor spacer. This work offers significant insights into comprehending the crystal growth process of 2D RP perovskite films through the utilization of quadrupole‐quadrupole interactions between semiconductor spacers.
Modulated antibacterial activity in ZnO@MIL‐53(Fe) and CuO@MIL‐53(Fe) nanocomposites prepared by simple thermal treatment process
Authors: Arshadi Edlo Afsaneh , Akhbari Kamran
Published: December 2023

By controlling the release of encapsulated antibacterial materials and the intrinsic antibacterial components of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) through the slow degradation of their frameworks, the composite material that contains self‐degrading MOFs demonstrates synergistic antibacterial effects. In this study, MIL‐53(Fe) was investigated for finding MOFs that have metal oxides in the pores ([CuO]1.3@MIL‐53(Fe) and [ZnO]1.05@MIL‐53(Fe)) with antibacterial activity. MIL‐53(Fe) exhibits a significant surface area and precise pore structure, so it was a good choice for this study. MIL‐53(Fe) was synthesized by solvothermal method, and [Cu (CH3COO)2.H2O]1.0@MIL‐53(Fe) and [Zn (CH3COO)2.2H2O]0.5@MIL‐53(Fe) were prepared by immersion of the MOF in aqueous solution of [Cu (CH3COO)2.H2O] and [Zn (CH3COO)2.2H2O], respectively. Then, the [MO]x@MIL‐53(Fe) nanocomposites were prepared by thermal treatment of [Cu (CH3COO)2.H2O]1.0@MIL‐53(Fe) and [Zn (CH3COO)2.2H2O]0.5@MIL‐53(Fe) at 310°C and 290°C in N2 atmosphere, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, X‐ray powder diffraction, inductively coupled plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope, energy‐dispersive spectrometer‐mapping, and thermogravimetric analysis analyses were proved the successful synthesis of these compounds. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the composites was assessed against both Gram‐positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli).
Coronary anatomy in neotropical carnivores: A comparative analysis
Authors: Viotto‐Souza Wilson , Santos André Luiz Quagliatto , Abidu‐Figueiredo Marcelo , Kasper Carlos Benhur , de Carvalho Amarílis Díaz , de Souza‐Junior Paulo
Published: December 2023

This study aims to investigate the anatomy of coronary arteries and their primary branches in neotropical carnivores, given the functional significance of coronary circulation and the limited existing descriptions in this order. For this purpose, coronary arteries were dissected, and their branches were counted in 74 hearts from 20 species belonging to five families: Canidae, Mustelidae, Procyonidae, Mephitidae, and Felidae. In all specimens of the suborder Caniformia, the subsinuosal interventricular branch originated at the end of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery (LCA). In contrast, in all hearts of Felidae specimens, the subsinuosal branch was derived from the right coronary artery. Among the 50 neotropical specimens of the suborder Caniformia, 13.1 ± 5.2 ventricular branches originated from the LCA and only 4.6 ± 1.4 from the right (p < 0.0001), characterizing a consistent left dominance. However, in the 24 specimens of the Felidae family, 10.5 ± 4.0 ventricular branches were found originating from the LCA and 10.4 ± 3.4 from the right, with no difference between the means (p = 0.82), defining a balanced pattern. It is suggested that the type of coronary circulation may correlate with the phylogeny of carnivorans.
Synthesis of Phenothiazine Embedded Heteroporphyrins
Authors: Tripathi Neha , Sinha Avisikta , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: December 2023

A series of phenothiazine embedded heteroporphyrins containing one phenothiazine unit, two pyrrole rings and one heterocycle such as furan, thiophene, selenophene and tellurophene connected via four meso carbons were synthesized. The macrocycles were synthesized by condensing the phenothiazine based tripyrrane with corresponding 2,5‐bis(hydroxymethyl)heterocycle under BF3 ⋅ OEt2 catalyzed conditions and compared the structural, spectral, and electrochemical properties with the reported phenothiazinophyrins. The studies showed that the phenothiazine embedded heteroporphyrins were nonaromatic and electronic properties were significantly altered by replacing the pyrrole ring from phenothiazinophyrin with different heterocycles. The X‐ray structure of phenothiazine embedded thiaporphyrin revealed that the macrocycle was distorted with an inverted thiophene ring. Both mono‐protonated and diprotonated derivatives of macrocycles were generated by the controlled addition of trifluoroacetic acid to the macrocycles. The macrocyclic protons experienced upfield/downfield shifts in protonated derivatives compared to their corresponding neutral phenothiazine embedded heteroporphyrins. However, the heterocyclic ring in both mono‐ and diprotonated derivatives retained its inverted conformation. The macrocycles in their neutral and protonated form exhibit nonaromatic absorption features. The studies indicated the electron rich nature of macrocycles and DFT/TD‐DFT studies were carried out to justify the experimental observations.
From pixels to insights: Machine learning and deep learning for bioimage analysis
Authors: Jan Mahta , Spangaro Allie , Lenartowicz Michelle , Mattiazzi Usaj Mojca
Published: December 2023

Bioimage analysis plays a critical role in extracting information from biological images, enabling deeper insights into cellular structures and processes. The integration of machine learning and deep learning techniques has revolutionized the field, enabling the automated, reproducible, and accurate analysis of biological images. Here, we provide an overview of the history and principles of machine learning and deep learning in the context of bioimage analysis. We discuss the essential steps of the bioimage analysis workflow, emphasizing how machine learning and deep learning have improved preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, object tracking, and classification. We provide examples that showcase the application of machine learning and deep learning in bioimage analysis. We examine user‐friendly software and tools that enable biologists to leverage these techniques without extensive computational expertise. This review is a resource for researchers seeking to incorporate machine learning and deep learning in their bioimage analysis workflows and enhance their research in this rapidly evolving field.
Transcription factor support for the dual embryological origin of the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles
Authors: Dawson Timothy , Iwanaga Joe , Zou Binghao , Anbalagan Muralidharan , Dumont Aaron S. , Loukas Marios , Rowan Brian G. , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: December 2023

The embryological origin of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles has been debated for over a century. To shed light on this issue, the present anatomical study was performed. Five fresh frozen human cadavers, three males and two females, were used for this study. Samples from each specimen's trapezius and sternocleidomastoid were fixed in 10% formalin and placed in paraffin blocks. As Paired like homeodomain 2 (Pitx2) and T‐box factor 1(Tbx1) have been implicated in the region and muscle type regulation, we performed Tbx1 and Pitx2 Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on these muscle tissue samples to identify the origin of the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. We have used the latest version of QuPath, v0.4.3, software to quantify the Tbx and Pitx2 staining. For the sternocleidomastoid muscle, for evaluated samples, the average amount of positively stained Tbx1 and Pitx2 was 25% (range 16%–30%) and 18% (range 12%–23%), respectively. For the trapezius muscles, for evaluated samples, the average amount of positively stained Tbx1 and Pitx2 parts of the samples was 17% (range 15%–20%) and 15% (14%–17%), respectively. Our anatomical findings suggest dual origins of both the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles. Additionally, as neither Pitx2 nor Tbx1 made up all the staining observed for each muscle, other contributions to these structures are likely. Future studies with larger samples are now necessary to confirm these findings.
Recent Progress in the Application of Transition‐Metal Containing MFI topologies for NH3‐SCR‐DeNOx and NH3 oxidation
Authors: Jabłońska Magdalena , Potter Matthew E. , Beale Andrew M.
Published: December 2023

Transition metal‐containing MFI‐based catalysts are widely investigated in the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with ammonia (NH3‐SCR‐DeNOx), and the selective catalytic oxidation of ammonia (NH3‐SCO) into nitrogen and water vapor. While MFI‐based catalysts are less intensively studied than smaller pore zeolites (i. e., chabazite, CHA) they are still used commercially for these processes and are of great interest for future study in particular to better understand structure‐activity relationships. Hierarchically porous MFI catalysts (containing both micropores and mesopores) often show enhanced catalytic properties compared to conventional (microporous) materials in both NH3‐SCR‐DeNOx and NH3‐SCO. Thus, a critical overview of the current understanding of the salient physico‐chemical properties that influence the performance of these catalysts is examined. Furthermore, strategies for the development of ZSM‐5 based catalysts with enhanced catalytic lifetime, supported by the investigations of reaction mechanisms are reviewed and discussed.
Effectiveness of m‐health technology‐enabled physical activity program on physical activity adoption and adherence in people with hypertension in India: A randomized controlled trial protocol
Authors: Thakar Vidhi , Kamalakannan Sureshkumar , Prakash V.
Published: December 2023

Background

Exercise and medication have similar benefits in reducing blood pressure (BP); however, hypertension management initiatives primarily focus on medicines. This is due to scarce research on the effectiveness of implementation strategies for optimal exercise adoption and adherence. Smartphones were found to be effective in delivering hypertension care and increase exercise adherence. Despite this, only a small number of research projects in India have used smartphones as a strategy for managing hypertension.

Methods

We hypothesized that smartphone application‐based care would lead to higher exercise adherence among adults (30–79 years) with hypertension compared to those who receive usual care. It will be a multicentric, randomized controlled, parallel‐design, superiority clinical trial. The outcome assessor and data analyst will be blinded to group allocation. Participants in the intervention group will receive mobile application‐based care for 6 weeks. Participants in the usual care group will receive a standard intervention. Both groups will receive the same number of follow‐ups.

Results

The primary outcome is the difference in the proportion of people adherent to the recommended level of physical activity evaluated using an exercise adherence rating scale in the intervention group and the control group. Exercise adoption will be measured as the percentage of eligible participants in each study setting willing to initiate the exercise program. The secondary outcome includes differences in systolic and diastolic BP and self‐management (evaluated using the Hypertension Self‐Care Profile). The trial outcome will be accompanied by a process evaluation.

Conclusions

This research will inform about the comparative effectiveness of conventional and m‐health interventions for exercise adoption and adherence in people with hypertension in resource‐constrained settings.
Practical experiences in the use of a combination of calcined clay and limestone as clinker substitute in cement
Authors: Martirena Fernando
Published: December 2023

The acceleration of the impact of climate change prompts the cement industry for swift and effective solutions to reduce a large part of the carbon dioxide associated with cement manufacture. The use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials, SCM, such as fly ash and slag have enabled so far, the possibility of partially replacing clinker, the most energy intensive and main responsible component in cement for carbon emissions. However, reserves of both SCM are declining and their price is increasing, and replacing more than 30% clinker with these SCM can compromise early strength. In recent years a global team of scientists from Switzerland, Cuba and India have proven the possibility of dropping clinker content in cement down to 50% or even less through the combined use of calcined kaolinitic clays and limestone, both cheap and abundant materials, to produce a new cement called “LC3”. The resulting cement matches the properties of a CEM I (EN‐197) at all ages, and carbon emission reduction is reportedly around 25‐40%, depending on the cement to compare with. This paper presents the accumulated experience in the investigation of the new cementitious system and the introduction at the industrial level. Issues like the choice of the right clay, calcination technology, product formulation, standardization and economic feasibility will be discussed. The information in this paper is intended to encourage industrial partners to invest in the new technology.
Der Einfluss von Zusatzmitteln auf das Recycling von calciumsulfat‐basierten Bindemitteln Teil II (Ausgangsstoff technischer Gips)
Authors: Zeitoun Edrees Abu , Pritzel Christian , Trettin Reinhard , Killian Manuela S.
Published: December 2023

Kurzfassung

Recycling von Gips ist ein Vorgang, der immer mehr in den Fokus der Wissenschaft rückt. Bisher liegt der Fokus jedoch im Wesentlichen auf der Entfernung von Fasern und anderen Verunreinigungen, wie z.B. Papier aus dem Recyclingmaterial. In diesem Beitrag soll untersucht werden inwiefern häufig verwendete Additive die Eigenschaften des Recyclingmaterials beeinflussen. Nachdem an einzelnen Kristallen bereits gezeigt wurde, dass einige Additive im Recyclingmaterial verbleiben, soll nun anhand von technischen Gipsproben gezeigt werden, wie diese Additive die technischen Eigenschaften des aus dem Recyclingmaterial hergestellten Gipses verändern. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Additive einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf das neue Material haben, aber auch durch das Recycling ohne Additive werden das neue Rohmaterial und der abgebundenen Gips wesentlich beeinflusst. Insbesondere die Oberfläche des aus dem Recyclinggips hergestellten Halbhydrats verändert sich deutlich, wodurch der Wasseranspruch und verschiedene technische Eigenschaften verändert werden.
Gipsgebundene Bauplatten aus feinem Rezyklat‐Porenbeton‐Brechsand
Authors: Aycil Hakan , Eichhorn Simon , Ruff Ariane , Ufermann‐Wallmeier Daniel
Published: December 2023

Kurzfassung

Der beschlossene Ausstieg aus der Kohleverstromung führt in Deutschland zu einer Verknappung von technischem Gips. Um den Gipsbedarf dennoch decken zu können, müssen Alternativen geschaffen werden. Das vorliegende Forschungsvorhaben verfolgt daher das Ziel, sulfatisch gebundene Mörtel unter Verwendung von Porenbetonrezyklaten (PBR) zur Herstellung von Bauprodukten in Anlehnung an gängige Gipsbaustoffe zu entwickeln und zu erproben. Gipsgehalte sollen durch Porenbeton, einem vermehrt im Bauschutt anfallenden Material, das üblicherweise aussortiert und beseitigt wird, substituiert werden.

Die bisherigen Untersuchungsergebnisse belegen die grundlegende Machbarkeit des Ansatzes. Die Eigenschaften der untersuchten Mörtel lassen erwarten, dass selbst bei einer Substitution von bis zu 50 Ma.‐% des Gipsgehalts durch PBR die Herstellung von Gipsprodukten möglich ist.
Shotcrete 3D Printing ‐ Interaction of nozzle geometry, homogeneity and hardened concrete properties
Authors: Freund Niklas , David Martin , Böhler David , Mai Inka , Ullmann Stefan , Dröder Klaus , Lowke Dirk
Published: December 2023

Shotcrete 3D Printing (SC3DP) applies concrete layer by layer using a wet‐spray process. The resulting hardened concrete properties of the applied SC3DP layers (e.g. height, width or mechanical strength) are largely dependent on the selected material and process parameters. In this context, the nozzle geometry is an important influencing parameter. During printing, the velocity of the shotcrete jet is significantly influenced by the nozzle outlet diameter. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of the nozzle outlet diameter (15 ‐ 30 mm) is investigated with regard to the resulting layer homogeneity, i.e. local density and aggregate distribution in the cross‐section, and hardened concrete properties, i.e. flexural strength. By analysing the manufactured specimens, an uneven distribution of the aggregate is observed horizontally across the cross‐section of the layers. An accumulation of aggregate is present in the core of the layer resulting in a cement paste‐rich region in the edge areas. This leads to increased local densities in the core of the specimen. The application of the concrete with small nozzle outlet diameters results in the highest local densities and the highest flexural strength.
Today's and future slags ‐ Potentials and Challenges
Authors: Ehrenberg Andreas
Published: December 2023

The steel industry produces the most widely used metal on earth. The main challenge of the industry for the next decade is the steel production transformation process. The CO2 intensive blast furnace/basic oxygen furnace (BOF) route will be substituted by a combination of a Direct Reduced Iron plant (based on natural gas, at later stage on “green” hydrogen) with an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) or a Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF), heated with renewable energy. Thus, the well‐known latent hydraulic granulated blast furnace slag (GBS) being successfully used in cement and concrete for more than 140 years will vanish step by step. GBS is used as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) not only, but in particular, due to its clinker reduction and from there its CO2 reduction potential for the cement and concrete production. Whereas the DRI process itself does not generate any slag, EAF and SAF will do. These slags will be very different. Moreover, the new EAF slags will be also different compared to today's scrap based EAF slag. However, specific slag/metal ratios, resulting slag volumes, chemical and mineralogical compositions and physical properties of the new slags are yet unknown. Thus, also their cementitious and environmental properties are still unknown. Different running projects aim mainly to create slags being similar to GBS. The main objective is to provide the cement and concrete industry furthermore with a (latent) hydraulic SCM.
Fibre reinforced ultra‐high performance concrete – Rheology, fibre bond strength and flexural strength
Authors: Schleiting Maximilian , Wetzel Alexander , Link Janna , Middendorf Bernhard
Published: December 2023

Ultra‐high performance concrete (UHPC) is characterised by a high compressive strength, high durability, and a dense microstructure. The latter causes UHPC to fail in a brittle and sometimes explosive manner. For this reason, UHPC is reinforced with microfibre reinforcement. On the one hand, these lead to increased tensile and bending loads being able to be absorbed, but above all to ductile post‐fracture behaviour. The fibres used are mostly steel fibres.

An essential aspect of the fibre reinforcement is the bond strength between UHPC and metallic fibre. The bond is divided into chemical‐adhesive bond, form bond and friction bond. Depending on the shape, material and surface condition of the fibre, the individual types of bond have different effects on the concrete. To quantify these effects, fibre pull‐out tests are often carried out. These provide information about the bond strength between the fibre and the concrete. However, results of various studies show that the bond strength does not automatically correlate with the actual influence on the resulting tensile and flexural strengths of concrete components.
LIBS‐ConSort: Development of a sensor‐based sorting method for construction and demolition waste
Authors: Klewe Tim , Völker Tobias , Landmann Mirko , Kruschwitz Sabine
Published: December 2023

A joint project of partners from industry and research institutions approaches the challenge of construction and demolition waste (CDW) sorting by investigating and testing the combination of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) with near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and visual imaging. Joint processing of information (data fusion) is expected to significantly improve the sorting quality of various materials like concrete, main masonry building materials, organic components, etc., and may enable the detection and separation of impurities such as SO3‐cotaining building materials (gypsum, aerated concrete, etc.)

Focusing on Berlin as an example, the entire value chain will be analyzed to minimize economic / technological barriers and obstacles at the cluster level and to sustainably increase recovery and recycling rates.

The objective of this paper is to present current progress and results of the test stand development combining LIBS with NIR spectroscopy and visual imaging. In the future, this laboratory prototype will serve as a fully automated measurement setup to allow real‐time classification of CDW on a conveyor belt.
Electrokinetic and Microstructural Peculiarities of the Portland Cement Hydration with Microadditives
Authors: Shumeiko Vita , Shabanova Halyna , Logvinkov Sergii , Korohodska Alla , Pitak Yaroslav
Published: December 2023

The results of given studies included a comparison of changes in temperature, redox potential, OH‐ions concentration and pH values in the Portland cement‐water‐additive system depending on the hydration time and features of hydration processes in the microstructure of the cement stone. The studied additives were selected taking into account the prospects for their use in the complex modifiers compositions for cement‐containing building materials. The results of electrokinetic measurements are presented and regularities and features of the influence of each studied additives on the processes of hydration structure and phase formation in Portland cement paste in the early stages of hardening are determined. The microstructure and fracture surfaces of cement stone samples formed during cement paste hardening with the optimal content of additives and features of hydration processes of cement stone were studied. The features of the mutual arrangement of individual phases in crystalline hydrate aggregates of cement stone, as well as the nature of the porosity of its microstructure, were investigated.