bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Location of Farmers Warehouse at Adaklu Traditional Area, Volta Region, Ghana
Authors: Tulasi Vincent , Adu Isaac Kwasi , Krampa Elikem Kofi
Published: July 2016

Postharvest loss is one major problem farmers in Adaklu Traditional Area that most Ghanaian farmers face. As a result, many farmers wallow in abject poverty. Warehouses are important facilities that help to reduce postharvest loss. In this research, Beresnev pseudo-Boolean Simple Plant Location Problem (SPLP) model is used to locate a warehouse at Adaklu Traditional Area, Volta Region, Ghana. This model was used because it gives a straightforward computation and produces no iteration as compared with other models. The SPLP is a problem of selecting a site from candidate sites to locate a plant so that customers can be supplied from the plant at a minimum cost. The model is made up of fixed cost and transportation cost. Location index ordering matrix was developed from the transportation cost matrix and we used it with the fixed cost and differences between variable costs to formulate the Beresnev function. Linear term developed from the function which was partial is pegged to obtain a complete solution. Of the 14 notable communities considered,Adaklu Wayais found most suitable for the setting of the warehouse. The total cost involved is Gh₵78,180.00.
Experimental Study of the Degradation of Silicon Photovoltaic Devices under Ultraviolet Radiation Exposure
Authors: Shamachurn Heman , Betts Thomas
Published: July 2016

This paper presents an analysis of the effects of ultraviolet (UV) exposure on amorphous silicon (a-Si), bare crystalline silicon (c-Si), and epoxy resin encapsulated c-Si devices. The long-term reliability of photovoltaic (PV) modules is crucial in ensuring the viability of PV as a successful source of energy. Accelerated UV ageing methods are required to quickly evaluate the UV durability of module materials. A UV exposure unit was designed and constructed and provided an average of 45.7 W/m2 of UV irradiance over the exposure area with a nonuniformity of 14.9%. The a-Si devices lost up to 44% of maximum power (Pmax) at Standard Test Conditions over 500 hours of exposure to UV, with maximum losses of 11% in short-circuit current (Isc), 11% in open-circuit voltage (Voc), 23% in voltage at Pmax (Vmpp), and 29% in current at Pmax (Impp). The epoxy resin encapsulated samples lost up to 6.4% in Pmax, 6% in Isc, and 7% in Impp with the changes in Voc and Vmpp being random. The bare cells showed relatively little degradation. UV radiation thus accelerates the degradation of a-Si devices, deteriorates polymeric encapsulates of modules, and possibly affects the antireflective coatings applied on solar cells.
Ultrasound-Guided Forearm Nerve Blocks: A Novel Application for Pain Control in Adult Patients with Digit Injuries
Authors: Amini Richard , Patricia Javedani Parisa , Amini Albert , Adhikari Srikar
Published: July 2016

Phalanx fractures and interphalangeal joint dislocations commonly present to the emergency department. Although these orthopedic injuries are not complex, the four-point digital block used for anesthesia during the reduction can be painful. Additionally, cases requiring prolonged manipulation or consultation for adequate reduction may require repeat blockade. This case series reports four patients presenting after mechanical injuries resulting in phalanx fracture or interphalangeal joint dislocations. These patients received an ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve block of the forearm with successful subsequent reduction. To our knowledge, use of ultrasound-guided peripheral nerve blocks of the forearm for anesthesia in reduction of upper extremity digit injuries in adult patients in the emergency department setting has not been described before.
Beneficial Effect of Short Pretransplant Period of Hypothermic Pulsatile Perfusion of the Warm-Ischemic Kidney after Cold Storage: Experimental Study
Authors: Lázaro Alberto , Humanes Blanca , Jado Juan Carlos , Mojena Marina , González-Nicolás María Ángeles , del Cañizo Juan Francisco , Tejedor Alberto , Lledó-García Enrique
Published: July 2016

Warm ischemia (WI) produces a significant deleterious effect in potential kidney grafts. Hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) seems to improve immediate graft function after transplant. Our aim was to analyze the effect of short pretransplant periods of pulsatile HMP on histology and renal injury in warm-ischemic kidneys. Twelve minipigs were used. WI was achieved in the right kidney by applying a vascular clamp for 45 min. After nephrectomy, autotransplant was performed following one of two strategies: cold storage of the kidneys or cold storage combined with perfusion in pulsatile HMP. The graft was removed early to study renal morphology, inflammation (fibrosis), and apoptosis. Proinflammatory activity and fibrosis were less pronounced after cold storage of the kidneys with HMP than after cold storage only. The use of HMP also decreased apoptosis compared with cold storage only. The detrimental effects on cells of an initial and prolonged period of WI seem to improve with a preservation protocol that includes a short period of pulsatile HMP after cold storage and immediately before the transplant, in comparison with cold storage only.
Needle Fracture during Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration of Suspicious Thoracic Lymph Nodes
Authors: Adamowicz Bartosz , Manière Thibaut , Déry Vincent , Désilets Étienne
Published: July 2016

Endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is used to make a cytopathologic diagnosis of suspicious lesions located around the gastrointestinal tract. It is a safe technique with few complications. The most common complications of EUS-FNA are related to pancreatic lesions (pancreatitis, bleeding, and abdominal pain). Rare complications have been noted such as stent malfunction, air embolism, infection, neural and vascular injuries, and tumor cell seeding. There are very few studies examining equipment malfunctions. We report a case of needle fracture during the EUS-FNA of suspicious thoracic lymph nodes in a 79-year-old man investigated for unexplained weight loss.
PPAR Ligands Function as Suppressors That Target Biological Actions of HMGB1
Authors: Ying Shibo , Xiao Xiang , Chen Tianhui , Lou Jianlin
Published: August 2016

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which has become one of the most intriguing molecules in inflammatory disorders and cancers and with which ligand-activated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are highly associated, is considered as a therapeutic target. Of particular interest is the fact that certain PPAR ligands have demonstrated their potent anti-inflammatory activities and potential anticancer effects. In this review article we summarize recent experimental evidence that PPAR ligands function as suppressors that target biological actions of HMGB1, including intracellular expression, receptor signaling cascades, and extracellular secretion of HMGB1 in cell lines and/or animal models. We also propose the possible mechanisms underlying PPAR involvement in inflammatory disorders and discuss the future therapeutic value of PPAR ligands targeting HMGB1 molecule for cancer prevention and treatment.
Microbial Content of “Bowl Water” Used for Communal Handwashing in Preschools within Accra Metropolis, Ghana
Authors: Tetteh-Quarcoo Patience B. , Anim-Baidoo Isaac , Attah Simon Kwaku , Abdul-Latif Baako Bawa , Opintan Japheth A. , Minamor Andrew A. , Abdul-Rahman Mubarak , Ayeh-Kumi Patrick F.
Published: July 2016

Objective. This study aimed at determining the microbial content of “bowl water” used for communal handwashing in preschools within the Accra Metropolis.Method. Six (6) preschools in the Accra Metropolis were involved in the study. Water samples and swabs from the hands of the preschool children were collected. The samples were analysed and tested for bacteria, fungi, parasites, and rotavirus.Results. Eight different bacteria, two different parasites, and a fungus were isolated while no rotavirus was detected. Unlike the rest of the microbes, bacterial isolates were found among samples from all the schools, withStaphylococcusspecies being the most prevalent (40.9%). Out of the three schools that had parasites in their water, two of them hadCryptosporidium parvum. The fungus isolated from two out of the six schools wasAspergillus niger. All bacteria isolated were found to be resistant to cotrimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and ampicillin and susceptible to amikacin and levofloxacin.Conclusion. Although handwashing has the ability to get rid of microbes, communal handwashing practices using water in bowls could be considered a possible transmission route and may be of public concern.
Association between Metformin Use and Cancer Stage at Diagnosis among Elderly Medicare Beneficiaries with Preexisting Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Incident Prostate Cancer
Authors: Raval Amit D. , Mattes Malcolm D. , Madhavan Suresh , Pan Xiaoyun , Wei Wenhui , Sambamoorthi Usha
Published: July 2016

Objective.To examine the association between metformin use and cancer stage at diagnosis among elderly men with preexisting diabetes mellitus and incident prostate cancer.Methods. This study used a population-based observational cohort of elderly men (≥66 years) with preexisting diabetes and incident prostate cancer between 2008 and 2009 (N=2,652). Cancer stage at diagnosis (localized versus advanced) was based on the American Joint Cancer Committee classification. Metformin use and other independent variables were measured during the one year before cancer diagnosis. Logistic regressions with inverse probability treatment weights were used to control for the observed selection bias.Results. A significantly lower percentage of metformin users were diagnosed with advanced prostate cancer as compared to nonusers (4.7% versus 6.7%,p<0.03). After adjusting for the observed selection bias and other independent variables, metformin use was associated with a 32% reduction in the risk of advanced prostate cancer (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 0.68, 95% confidence interval, CI: 0.48, 0.97).Conclusions. This is the first epidemiological study to support the role of metformin in reducing the risk of advanced prostate cancer. Randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the causal link between metformin use and prostate cancer diagnosis stage.
A Fingerprint Image Encryption Scheme Based on Hyperchaotic Rössler Map
Authors: Abundiz-Pérez F. , Cruz-Hernández C. , Murillo-Escobar M. A. , López-Gutiérrez R. M. , Arellano-Delgado A.
Published: July 2016

Currently, biometric identifiers have been used to identify or authenticate users in a biometric system to increase the security in access control systems. Nevertheless, there are several attacks on the biometric system to steal and recover the user’s biometric trait. One of the most powerful attacks is extracting the fingerprint pattern when it is transmitted over communication lines between modules. In this paper, we present a novel fingerprint image encryption scheme based on hyperchaotic Rössler map to provide high security and secrecy in user’s biometric trait, avoid identity theft, and increase the robustness of the biometric system. A complete security analysis is presented to justify the secrecy of the biometric trait by using our proposed scheme at statistical level with 100% of NPCR, low correlation, and uniform histograms. Therefore, it can be used in secure biometric access control systems.
Diagnostic Potential of Evaluation of SDF-1αand sRAGE Levels in Threatened Premature Labor
Authors: Rzepka Rafał , Dołęgowska Barbara , Rajewska Aleksandra , Sałata Daria , Budkowska Marta , Kwiatkowski Sebastian , Torbé Andrzej
Published: July 2016

Preterm birth remains the most prevalent cause of neonatal morbidity. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of SDF-1α, resistin, secretory RAGE (sRAGE), and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) in preterm labor. A total of 211 pregnant women participated in the study. Group A contained 72 women between 22 and 36 weeks of gestation, with premature labor, who finally had preterm birth. Group B contained 66 women in labor between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation. Women in group A had lower SDF-1αand sRAGE levels than those in group B. Moreover, in group A, SDF-1αand sRAGE levels were correlated with the latency period from the occurrence of premature labor symptoms until delivery. Sensitivity and specificity of studied parameters for prediction of preterm birth were 95% and 40% for SDF-1αand 51.3% and 93.5% for sRAGE, respectively. The prognostic value of plasma SDF-1αand sRAGE levels was comparable with that of cervical length ultrasound measurement and serum C-reactive protein levels. We conclude that SDF-1αand sRAGE appear to play a major role in the diagnosis of preterm birth and its evaluation could be convenient and useful for predicting preterm birth.
Serial Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Optic Radiations after Acute Optic Neuritis
Authors: Kolbe Scott C. , Walt Anneke van der , Butzkueven Helmut , Klistorner Alexander , Egan Gary F. , Kilpatrick Trevor J.
Published: July 2016

Previous studies have reported diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) changes within the optic radiations of patients after optic neuritis (ON). We aimed to study optic radiation DTI changes over 12 months following acute ON and to study correlations between DTI parameters and damage to the optic nerve and primary visual cortex (V1). We measured DTI parameters [fractional anisotropy (FA), axial diffusivity (AD), radial diffusivity (RD), and mean diffusivity (MD)] from the optic radiations of 38 acute ON patients at presentation and 6 and 12 months after acute ON. In addition, we measured retinal nerve fibre layer thickness, visual evoked potential amplitude, optic radiation lesion load, and V1 thickness. At baseline, FA was reduced and RD and MD were increased compared to control. Over 12 months, FA reduced in patients at an average rate of −2.6% per annum (control = −0.51%;p=0.006). Change in FA, RD, and MD correlated with V1 thinning over 12 months (FA:R=0.450,p=0.006; RD:R=-0.428,p=0.009; MD:R=-0.365,p=0.029). In patients with no optic radiation lesions, AD significantly correlated with RNFL thinning at 12 months (R=0.489,p=0.039). In conclusion, DTI can detect optic radiation changes over 12 months following acute ON that correlate with optic nerve and V1 damage.
Effect of Water Content in Ethylene Glycol Solvent on the Size of ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared Using Microwave Solvothermal Synthesis
Authors: Wojnarowicz Jacek , Opalinska Agnieszka , Chudoba Tadeusz , Gierlotka Stanislaw , Mukhovskyi Roman , Pietrzykowska Elzbieta , Sobczak Kamil , Lojkowski Witold
Published: July 2016

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were obtained by the microwave solvothermal synthesis (MSS) method. The precursor of the MSS reaction was a solution of hydrated zinc acetate in ethylene glycol with water addition. It was proved that by controlling the water concentration in the precursor it was possible to control the size of ZnO NPs in a programmed manner. The less the water content in the precursor, the smaller the size of ZnO NPs obtained. The obtained NPs with the average particle size ranging from 25 nm to 50 nm were characterised by homogeneous morphology and a narrow distribution of particle sizes. The following parameters of the obtained ZnO NPs were determined: pycnometric density, specific surface area, phase purity, chemical composition, lattice parameters, average particle size, and particle size distribution. The average size of ZnO NPs was determined using Scherrer’s formula, Nanopowder XRD Processor Demo web application, by converting the results of the specific surface area, and TEM tests using the dark field technique. ZnO morphology and structure were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The test performed by the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) confirmed that crystalline ZnO, pure in terms of phase, had been obtained.
Antipredator Behaviour ofLimnonectes blythii(Boulenger, 1920) (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Shahrudin Shahriza
Published: July 2016

The frogLimnonectes blythiiwas collected at different locations in Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia, three from Sungai Sedim Recreational Forest, two from Bukit Hijau Recreational Forest, and two from Ulu Paip Recreational Forest. Nine antipredator mechanisms were displayed by this species, including fleeing, hiding among leaf litter, diving into water, bladder discharge, defensive call, feigning death, crouching, inflating the body, and body-raising. The two latter actions were accompanied by a defensive call. These observations document for the first time antipredator behaviour inL. blythii.
Existence and Nonexistence of Positive Solutions for Coupled Riemann-Liouville Fractional Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Henderson Johnny , Luca Rodica , Tudorache Alexandru
Published: July 2016

We investigate the existence and nonexistence of positive solutions for a system of nonlinear Riemann-Liouville fractional differential equations with two parameters, subject to coupled integral boundary conditions.
Stability of the Regular Hayward Thin-Shell Wormholes
Authors: Sharif M. , Mumtaz Saadia
Published: July 2016

The aim of this paper is to construct regular Hayward thin-shell wormholes and analyze their stability. We adopt Israel formalism to calculate surface stresses of the shell and check the null and weak energy conditions for the constructed wormholes. It is found that the stress-energy tensor components violate the null and weak energy conditions leading to the presence of exotic matter at the throat. We analyze the attractive and repulsive characteristics of wormholes corresponding toar>0andar<0, respectively. We also explore stability conditions for the existence of traversable thin-shell wormholes with arbitrarily small amount of fluid describing cosmic expansion. We find that the space-time has nonphysical regions which give rise to event horizon for0<a0<2.8and the wormhole becomes nontraversable producing a black hole. The nonphysical region in the wormhole configuration decreases gradually and vanishes for the Hayward parameterl=0.9. It is concluded that the Hayward and Van der Waals quintessence parameters increase the stability of thin-shell wormholes.
Cardiac Fibroelastoma versus Thrombus: Echocardiographic Evidence Can Be Misleading
Authors: O’Laughlin John P. , Verma Gautam , Gulkarov Iosif
Published: July 2016

We present a case of a young female with stroke symptoms who underwent valve sparing resection of a presumed fibroelastoma based on echocardiographic findings. After confirming embolic stroke, she underwent excision of the lesion, which on pathology revealed a nonbacterial thrombus. Ultimately, this led to a more extensive work-up leading to the discovery of a papillary serous ovarian carcinoma, the underlying cause of her hypercoagulable state. The initial echocardiographic findings painted the clear picture of a papillary tumor on the aortic valve which was likely the source of the emboli resulting in ischemic stroke. This unique case presentation illustrates that imaging, including echocardiography, may not always coincide with the clinical diagnosis. Thus, understanding the differential diagnoses of cardiac masses is of vital clinical significance. The distinction of fibroelastoma versus the much less common finding of aortic thrombus may lead to early diagnosis of malignancy and prevention of life threatening events due to stroke or undiagnosed disease.
An Overview of Murine High Fat Diet as a Model for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Heydemann Ahlke
Published: July 2016

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a worldwide epidemic, which by all predictions will only increase. To help in combating the devastating array of phenotypes associated with T2DM a highly reproducible and human disease-similar mouse model is required for researchers. The current options are genetic manipulations to cause T2DM symptoms or diet induced obesity and T2DM symptoms. These methods to model human T2DM have their benefits and their detractions. As far as modeling the majority of T2DM cases, HFD establishes the proper etiological, pathological, and treatment options. A limitation of HFD is that it requires months of feeding to achieve the full spectrum of T2DM symptoms and no standard protocol has been established. This paper will attempt to rectify the last limitation and argue for a standard group of HFD protocols and standard analysis procedures.
Air Pollutants, Climate, and the Prevalence of Pediatric Asthma in Urban Areas of China
Authors: Zhang Juanjuan , Dai Jihong , Yan Li , Fu Wenlong , Yi Jing , Chen Yuzhi , Liu Chuanhe , Xu Dongqun , Wang Qiang
Published: July 2016

Background. Prevalence of childhood asthma varies significantly among regions, while its reasons are not clear yet with only a few studies reporting relevant causes for this variation.Objective. To investigate the potential role of city-average levels of air pollutants and climatic factors in order to distinguish differences in asthma prevalence in China and explain their reasons.Methods. Data pertaining to 10,777 asthmatic patients were obtained from the third nationwide survey of childhood asthma in China’s urban areas. Annual mean concentrations of air pollutants and other climatic factors were obtained for the same period from several government departments. Data analysis was implemented with descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis.Results. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the situation of childhood asthma was strongly linked with SO2, relative humidity, and hours of sunshine (p<0.05). Multiple regression analysis indicated that, among the predictor variables in the final step, SO2was found to be the most powerful predictor variable amongst all (β=-19.572,p< 0.05). Furthermore, results had shown that hours of sunshine (β=-0.014,p< 0.05) was a significant component summary predictor variable.Conclusion. The findings of this study do not suggest that air pollutants or climate, at least in terms of children, plays a major role in explaining regional differences in asthma prevalence in China.
Electromagnetic Scattering at the Waveguide Step between Equilateral Triangular Waveguides
Authors: Morán-López Ana , Córcoles Juan , Ruiz-Cruz Jorge A. , Montejo-Garai José R. , Rebollar Jesús M.
Published: July 2016

The analysis of the electromagnetic scattering at discontinuities between equilateral triangular waveguides is studied. The complete electromagnetic solution is derived using analytical closed form expressions for the mode spectrum of the equilateral waveguide. The mathematical formulation of the electromagnetic scattering problem is based on the quasi-analytical Mode-Matching method. This method benefits from the electromagnetic field division into symmetries as well as from the plane wave formulation presented for the expressions involved. The unification of the surface integrals used in the method thanks to the plane wave formulation is revealed, leading to expressions that are very well suited for its implementation in an electromagnetic analysis and design code. The obtained results for some cases of interest (building blocks for microwave components for communication systems) are verified using other numerical methods included in a commercial software package, showing the potential of the presented approach based on quasi-analytic expressions.
A Rare Case of C2 Sensory Blockade with Preserved Phrenic Nerve Function in an Obstetric Patient
Authors: Coffman John C. , Fiorini Kasey , Cook Meghan , Small Robert H.
Published: July 2016

High neuraxial blockade is a serious complication in obstetric patients and requires prompt recognition and management in order to optimize patient outcomes. In cases of high neuroblockade, patients may present with significant hypotension, dyspnea, agitation, difficulty speaking or inability to speak, or even loss of consciousness. We report the unusual presentation of an obstetric patient that remained hemodynamically stable and had the preserved ability to initiate breaths despite sensory blockade up to C2. The presence of differential motor and sensory block documented in this case helped enable the patient to be managed with noninvasive ventilatory support until the high blockade regressed and we are not aware of any other similar reports in literature.
Weathering Influence on Properties of Siltstones from Istria, Croatia
Authors: Vivoda Prodan Martina , Arbanas Željko
Published: July 2016

Slaking and weathering of weak rocks result in slope instability. Siltstones from flysch rock masses are highly susceptible to weathering, which causes rapid changes in the geotechnical properties and durability. This study investigated siltstone samples of different weathering grades from flysch rock masses from the Istria Peninsula, Croatia, and determined the effects of weathering on their engineering properties. Laboratory testing of siltstone samples of different weathering grades was conducted to determine the specific gravity, grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, and uniaxial compressive strength. The standardized slake durability index is not sufficient to classify the durability of weak rock masses such as siltstones. Therefore, the durability of siltstone samples of different weathering grades was quantified from the fragment size distribution after each of five slaking cycles. The tested samples were classified based on the disintegration ratio, and the modified disintegration ratio was used to determine potential long-term degradation of the tested samples. The results indicated that weathering has a significant influence on the plasticity, uniaxial compressive strength, and durability characteristics and thus affects the landslides and erosion processes in siltstones in the flysch zone of the Istria Peninsula.
Male Partner’s Involvement in HIV Counselling and Testing and Associated Factors among Partners of Pregnant Women in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia
Authors: Zenebe Alemu , Gebeyehu Abebaw , Derseh Lemma , Ahmed Kedir Y.
Published: July 2016

Background.Despite the existence of several programmes promoting male involvement in HIV counselling and testing during their wife’s pregnancy as a part of PMTCT, few men have heeded the call. The aim of this study was to assess male partner’s involvement in HCT and its associated factors.Methods. This study was based on institution based cross-sectional study design that used systematic random sampling technique. A total of 416 partners were interviewed in the data collection. Multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to identify the independent predictors.Result. In this study, the prevalence of male involvement in HCT was found to be 40.1% (95% CI: 35.3%–44.7%). The independent predictors of male involvement were partners who were younger, were cohabitant, were with multigravida wives, were knowledgeable on route of mother-to-child transmission, and discussed HCT.Conclusion. The prevalence of male involvement in HCT was found to be suboptimal compared to similar studies in Ethiopia. There is a need of interventions on partners who are older, separated, and with lower gravidity wife. Awareness creation campaign should also be created on the route of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and on the importance of discussion with wife.
Prospective, Randomized Ex Vivo Trial to Assess the Ideal Stapling Site for Endoscopic Fundoplication with Medigus Ultrasonic Surgical Endostapler
Authors: Gweon Tae-Geun , Matthes Kai
Published: July 2016

Background and Aims. Endoscopic fundoplication is an emerging technique for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The aim of this study is to determine the ideal position of the staples in relation to gastroesophageal junction (GEJ).Methods. Ten endoscopic fundoplication procedures were performed in each group using fresh ex vivo porcine stomachs: Group A: 2 staples each at 3 cm above the GEJ and 180° apart; Group B: 2 staples at 3 cm and 90° apart; Group C: 2 staples at 4 cm and 180° apart; Group D: 3 staples at 3 cm with 90° between each staple (180° total). After the procedure, the stomach was gradually filled with water. Gastric yield pressure (GYP) was determined by detection of reflux of the water in esophagus or by rupture of staples.Results. Mean increase of GYPs (±SD) after the procedure was as follows: Group A:16.9±8.7; Group B:8.1±7.9; Group C:12.2±9.4; Group D:22.7±13.3. GYP in Group A and Group D was higher than Group B (p=0.03andp=0.01, resp.).Conclusions. We recommend the placement of 3 staples at 3 cm distance from the GEJ, which resulted in the highest increase of GYP.
Genome-Wide DNA Methylation in Mixed Ancestry Individuals with Diabetes and Prediabetes from South Africa
Authors: Matsha Tandi E. , Pheiffer Carmen , Humphries Stephen E. , Gamieldien Junaid , Erasmus Rajiv T. , Kengne Andre P.
Published: July 2016

Aims. To conduct a genome-wide DNA methylation in individuals with type 2 diabetes, individuals with prediabetes, and control mixed ancestry individuals from South Africa.Methods. We used peripheral blood to perform genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in 3 individuals with screen detected diabetes, 3 individuals with prediabetes, and 3 individuals with normoglycaemia from the Bellville South Community, Cape Town, South Africa, who were age-, gender-, body mass index-, and duration of residency-matched. Methylated DNA immunoprecipitation (MeDIP) was performed by Arraystar Inc. (Rockville, MD, USA).Results. Hypermethylated DMRs were 1160 (81.97%) and 124 (43.20%), respectively, in individuals with diabetes and prediabetes when both were compared to subjects with normoglycaemia. Our data shows that genes related to the immune system, signal transduction, glucose transport, and pancreas development have altered DNA methylation in subjects with prediabetes and diabetes. Pathway analysis based on the functional analysis mapping of genes to KEGG pathways suggested that the linoleic acid metabolism and arachidonic acid metabolism pathways are hypomethylated in prediabetes and diabetes.Conclusions. Our study suggests that epigenetic changes are likely to be an early process that occurs before the onset of overt diabetes. Detailed analysis of DMRs that shows gradual methylation differences from control versus prediabetes to prediabetes versus diabetes in a larger sample size is required to confirm these findings.
The Use of an Alternative Extraoral Periapical Technique for Patients with Severe Gag Reflex
Authors: e Silva Mauro Henrique Chagas , Coelho Marcelo Santos , Santos Mariane Floriano Lopes , de Lima Carolina Oliveira , Campos Celso Neiva
Published: July 2016

Gag reflex is a physiologic mechanism that promotes contraction of the muscles of the tongue and pharyngeal walls. Different factors, including intraoral radiographic films and sensors, may trigger this reflex. Patients with severe gag reflex may not be able to tolerate the presence of intraoral radiographic films or sensors during root canal therapy (RCT). This factor may prevent an appropriate intraoral radiograph, which is important in RCT. Different approaches have been used to facilitate dental procedures in patients suffering from severe gag reflex. The use of an extraoral radiographic technique is an alternative method to obtain working length confirmation in patients with severe gag reflex. In this report of 2 cases, the use of an extraoral radiographic technique as an alternative approach during RCT in patients with severe gag reflex associated with phobic behavior and trismus was successfully demonstrated.
Synchrotron Radiation X-Ray Phase-Contrast Tomography Visualizes Microvasculature Changes in Mice Brains after Ischemic Injury
Authors: Miao Peng , Wu Zhixia , Li Miao , Ji Yuanyuan , Xie Bohua , Lin Xiaojie , Yang Guo-Yuan
Published: July 2016

Imaging brain microvasculature is important in plasticity studies of cerebrovascular diseases. Applying contrast agents, traditionalμCT andμMRI methods gain imaging contrast for vasculature. The aim of this study is to develop a synchrotron radiation X-ray inline phase-contrast tomography (SRXPCT) method for imaging the intact mouse brain (micro)vasculature in high resolution (~3.7 μm) without contrast agent. A specific preparation protocol was proposed to enhance the phase contrast of brain vasculature by using density difference over gas-tissue interface. The CT imaging system was developed and optimized to obtain 3D brain vasculature of adult male C57BL/6 mice. The SRXPCT method was further applied to investigate the microvasculature changes in mouse brains (n=14) after 14-day reperfusion from transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). 3D reconstructions of brain microvasculature demonstrated that the branching radius ratio (post- to preinjury) of small vessels (radius < 7.4 μm) in the injury group was significantly smaller than that in the sham group (p<0.05). This result revealed the active angiogenesis in the recovery brain after stroke. As a high-resolution and contrast-agent-free method, the SRXPCT method demonstrates higher potential in investigations of functional plasticity in cerebrovascular diseases.
Hybridization of Adaptive Differential Evolution with an Expensive Local Search Method
Authors: Khanum Rashida Adeeb , Jan Muhammad Asif , Tairan Nasser Mansoor , Mashwani Wali Khan
Published: July 2016

Differential evolution (DE) is an effective and efficient heuristic for global optimization problems. However, it faces difficulty in exploiting the local region around the approximate solution. To handle this issue, local search (LS) techniques could be hybridized with DE to improve its local search capability. In this work, we hybridize an updated version of DE, adaptive differential evolution with optional external archive (JADE) with an expensive LS method, Broydon-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shano (BFGS) for solving continuous unconstrained global optimization problems. The new hybrid algorithm is denoted by DEELS. To validate the performance of DEELS, we carried out extensive experiments on well known test problems suits, CEC2005 and CEC2010. The experimental results, in terms of function error values, success rate, and some other statistics, are compared with some of the state-of-the-art algorithms, self-adaptive control parameters in differential evolution (jDE), sequential DE enhanced by neighborhood search for large-scale global optimization (SDENS), and differential ant-stigmergy algorithm (DASA). These comparisons reveal that DEELS outperforms jDE and SDENS except DASA on the majority of test instances.
Classification of SD-OCT Volumes Using Local Binary Patterns: Experimental Validation for DME Detection
Authors: Lemaître Guillaume , Rastgoo Mojdeh , Massich Joan , Cheung Carol Y. , Wong Tien Y. , Lamoureux Ecosse , Milea Dan , Mériaudeau Fabrice , Sidibé Désiré
Published: July 2016

This paper addresses the problem of automatic classification of Spectral Domain OCT (SD-OCT) data for automatic identification of patients with DME versus normal subjects. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has been a valuable diagnostic tool for DME, which is among the most common causes of irreversible vision loss in individuals with diabetes. Here, a classification framework with five distinctive steps is proposed and we present an extensive study of each step. Our method considers combination of various preprocessing steps in conjunction with Local Binary Patterns (LBP) features and different mapping strategies. Using linear and nonlinear classifiers, we tested the developed framework on a balanced cohort of 32 patients. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the previous studies by achieving a Sensitivity (SE) and a Specificity (SP) of 81.2% and 93.7%, respectively. Our study concludes that the 3D features and high-level representation of 2D features using patches achieve the best results. However, the effects of preprocessing are inconsistent with different classifiers and feature configurations.
Relational Research between China’s Marine S&T and Economy Based on RPGRA Model
Authors: Yin Kedong , Li Suyuan , Li Xuemei
Published: July 2016

To make up the defect of the existing model, an improved grey relational model based on radian perspective (RPGRA) is put forward. According to the similarity of the relative change trend of time series translating traditional grey relational degree into radian algorithm within different piecewise functions, it greatly improves the accuracy and validity of the research results by making full use of the poor information in time series. Meanwhile, the properties of the RPGRA were discussed. The relationship between China’s marine S&T and marine economy is researched using the new model, so the validity and creditability of RPGRA are illustrated. The empirical results show that marine scientific and technological research projects, marine scientific and technological patents granted, and research funds receipts of the marine scientific research institutions have greater relationship with GOP, which indicates that they have more impact on China’s marine economy.
Multiple Gravity Assist Spacecraft Trajectories Design Based on BFS and EP_DE Algorithm
Authors: Zuo Mingcheng , Dai Guangming , Peng Lei , Wang Maocai , Xiong Jinlian
Published: July 2016

The paper deals with the multiple gravity assist trajectories design. In order to improve the performance of the heuristic algorithms, such as differential evolution algorithm, in multiple gravity assist trajectories design optimization, a method combining BFS (breadth-first search) and EP_DE (differential evolution algorithm based on search space exploring and principal component analysis) is proposed. In this method, firstly find the possible multiple gravity assist planet sequences with pruning based BFS and use standard differential evolution algorithm to judge the possibility of all the possible trajectories. Then select the better ones from all the possible solutions. Finally, use EP_DE which will be introduced in this paper to find an optimal decision vector of spacecraft transfer time schedule (launch window and transfer duration) for each selected planet sequence. In this paper, several cases are presented to prove the efficiency of the method proposed.
Modeling and Experimental Study of Soft Error Propagation Based on Cellular Automaton
Authors: He Wei , Wang Yueke , Xing Kefei , Yang Jianwei
Published: July 2016

Aiming to estimate SEE soft error performance of complex electronic systems, a soft error propagation model based on cellular automaton is proposed and an estimation methodology based on circuit partitioning and error propagation is presented. Simulations indicate that different fault grade jamming and different coupling factors between cells are the main parameters influencing the vulnerability of the system. Accelerated radiation experiments have been developed to determine the main parameters for raw soft error vulnerability of the module and coupling factors. Results indicate that the proposed method is feasible.
An Optimal Seed Based Compression Algorithm for DNA Sequences
Authors: Eric Pamela Vinitha , Gopalakrishnan Gopakumar , Karunakaran Muralikrishnan
Published: July 2016

This paper proposes a seed based lossless compression algorithm to compress a DNA sequence which uses a substitution method that is similar to the LempelZiv compression scheme. The proposed method exploits the repetition structures that are inherent in DNA sequences by creating an offline dictionary which contains all such repeats along with the details of mismatches. By ensuring that only promising mismatches are allowed, the method achieves a compression ratio that is at par or better than the existing lossless DNA sequence compression algorithms.
Acupuncture for Poststroke Shoulder Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lee Sook-Hyun , Lim Sung Min
Published: July 2016

Objective. To summarize and evaluate evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture in relieving poststroke shoulder pain. Methods. Seven databases were searched without language restrictions. All randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effects of acupuncture for poststroke shoulder pain compared with controls were included. Assessments were performed primarily with the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Fugl‐Meyer Assessment (FMA), and effective rates. Results. In all, 188 potentially relevant articles were identified; 12 were randomized controlled trials that met our inclusion criteria. Meta‐analysis showed that acupuncture combined with rehabilitation treatment appeared to be more effective than rehabilitation treatment alone for poststroke shoulder pain, as assessed by VAS (weighted mean difference, 1.87; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20–2.54; <0.001); FMA (weighted mean difference, 8.70; 95% CI, 6.58–10.82; P < 0.001); and effective rate (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.18–1.47; P < 0.001). Conclusions. Although there is some evidence for an effect of acupuncture on poststroke shoulder pain, the results are inconclusive. Further studies with more subjects and a rigorous study design are needed to confirm the role of acupuncture in the treatment of poststroke shoulder pain.
A New Robust Method for Mobile Robot Multifloor Navigation in Distributed Life Science Laboratories
Authors: Abdulla Ali A. , Liu Hui , Stoll Norbert , Thurow Kerstin
Published: July 2016

A new robust method is proposed for multifloor navigation in distributed Life Science Laboratories. This method proposes a solution for many technical issues including (a) mapping and localization with ceiling landmarks and a StarGazer module for achieving an accurate and low cost multifloor navigation system, (b) a new method for path planning to navigate across multiple floor environments called backbone method and embedded transportation management system, (c) elevator environment handler with the necessary procedures to interact with the elevator presenting a new approach for elevator entry button and internal buttons detection, and (d) communication system to get an expandable network; this method utilizes a TCP/IP network for the communication. Many experiments in real Life Science Laboratories proved the efficient performance of the developed multifloor navigation system in life science environment.
Interplay between Matrix Metalloproteinase-9, Matrix Metalloproteinase-2, and Interleukins in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Authors: Trentini Alessandro , Castellazzi Massimiliano , Cervellati Carlo , Manfrinato Maria Cristina , Tamborino Carmine , Hanau Stefania , Volta Carlo Alberto , Baldi Eleonora , Kostic Vladimir , Drulovic Jelena , Granieri Enrico , Dallocchio Franco , Bellini Tiziana , Dujmovic Irena , Fainardi Enrico
Published: July 2016

Matrix Metalloproteases (MMPs) and cytokines have been involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). However, no studies have still explored the possible associations between the two families of molecules. The present study aimed to evaluate the contribution of active MMP-9, active MMP-2, interleukin- (IL-) 17, IL-18, IL-23, and monocyte chemotactic proteins-3 to the pathogenesis of MS and the possible interconnections between MMPs and cytokines. The proteins were determined in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 89 MS patients and 92 other neurological disorders (OND) controls. Serum active MMP-9 was increased in MS patients and OND controls compared to healthy subjects (p<0.001andp<0.01, resp.), whereas active MMP-2 and ILs did not change. CSF MMP-9, but not MMP-2 or ILs, was selectively elevated in MS compared to OND (p<0.01). Regarding the MMPs and cytokines intercorrelations, we found a significant association between CSF active MMP-2 and IL-18 (r=0.3,p<0.05), while MMP-9 did not show any associations with the cytokines examined. Collectively, our results suggest that active MMP-9, but not ILs, might be a surrogate marker for MS. In addition, interleukins and MMPs might synergistically cooperate in MS, indicating them as potential partners in the disease process.
Anti‐Inflammatory Activity of Bee Venom in BV2 Microglial Cells: Mediation of MyD88‐Dependent NF‐κB Signaling Pathway
Authors: Im Eun Ju , Kim Su Jung , Hong Seung Bok , Park Jin-Kyu , Rhee Man Hee
Published: August 2016

Bee venom has long been used as a traditional folk medicine in Korea. It has been reportedly used for the treatment of arthritis, cancer, and inflammation. Although its anti‐inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide‐ (LPS‐) stimulated inflammatory cells has been reported, the exact mechanism of its anti‐inflammatory action has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anti‐inflammatory mechanism of bee venom in BV2 microglial cells. We first investigated whether NO production in LPS‐activated BV2 cells was inhibited by bee venom, and further iNOS mRNA and protein expressions were determined. The mRNA and protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines were examined using semiquantitative RT‐PCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Moreover, modulation of the transcription factor NF‐κB by bee venom was also investigated using a luciferase assay. LPS‐induced NO production in BV2 microglial cells was significantly inhibited in a concentration‐dependent manner upon pretreatment with bee venom. Bee venom markedly reduced the mRNA expression of COX‐2, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 and suppressed LPS‐induced activation of MyD88 and IRAK1 and phosphorylation of TAK1. Moreover, NF‐κB translocation by IKKα/β phosphorylation and subsequent IκB‐α degradation were also attenuated. Thus, collectively, these results indicate that bee venom exerts its anti‐inflammatory activity via the IRAK1/TAK1/NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Adaptation of the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire into Turkish: The Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: Sari Emine , Erdoğan Semra
Published: July 2016

This study was conducted with the aim of determining whether the Turkish form of the “Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire” developed by Godin is a valid and reliable tool for diabetic patients in Turkey. The study was conducted as a methodological research on 300 diabetic patients in Turkey. The linguistic equivalence of the questionnaire was assessed through the back-translation method, while its content validity was assessed through obtaining expert opinions. Cronbach’s alpha value was found to assess the reliability of the questionnaire. The test-retest analysis and the correlation between independent observers were examined. The content validity index (CVI) was found to be .82 according to the expert assessments, and no statistical difference was found between them (Kendall’sW=.17,p=.235). Cronbach’s alpha was found to beα=.64, the result of the test-retest analysis wasr=.97, and the correlation between independent observers (ICC) was .98. This study found that the Turkish form of the Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to define and assess the exercise behaviors of Turkish diabetic patients.