bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatihkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Dan Berpikir Kreatif Peserta Didik dengan Model Scientific Critical Creative Thinking
Authors: Rusmansyah Rusmansyah , Huda Nurul , Safitri Linda , Heldaniah Heldaniah , Isnawati Isnawati , Mahdian Mahdian
Published: January 2023

21st-century skills demand that learners have critical thinking and creative thinking skills, which can be used in solving problems in everyday life in chemistry learning activities. The Scientific Critical Creative Thinking (SCCrT) model is one of the constructivist learning models that can train students' critical thinking and creative thinking skills. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference between the critical thinking skills and creative thinking skills of students with the SCCrT model (experimental class) and the Direct Instruction (DI) model (control class) in learning salt hydrolysis material. Quasi-experimental research method with nonequivalent control group design, research sample class XI MIPA SMAN 10 Banjarmasin. The research data were obtained from the test results of learners' critical and creative thinking skills, then analyzed descriptively, qualitatively, and inferentially (with the SPSS program version 25). The results showed that the average critical thinking skills with the SCCrT model were higher than those of the DI model (significance value 0.001 < 0.05). The average creative thinking skills with the SCCrT model are also higher than those of the DI model (significance value 0.002 < 0.05). Thus, the SCCrT model is better than the DI model in training learners' critical thinking and creative thinking skills in learning salt hydrolysis material.
USING OAS.WEB.ID TO CREATE ENGLISH VOCABULARY SIZE QUIZ
Authors: Winardi Yonathan , Hananto Hananto
Published: January 2023

ABSTRACT

A systematic and continuous vocabulary assessment is required to monitor the progress of learners’ learning and readiness to follow certain instr8uctional programs. The purpose of this study is to report a tryout of constructing an online quiz using http://oas.web.id/.  OAS is an ongoing R&D project to help teachers and/or educational researchers create an online quiz by converting multiple-choice questions from a spreadsheet program (i.e. MS Excel or Google Sheets) into a Google Forms quiz, Moodle, paper-based quiz, Kahoot, or any other quiz makers that have import facility. This paper focuses on describing the making and tryout of a vocabulary-size quiz into Google Forms quiz to find out whether the resulting quiz works. The result shows that OAS offered an easy and very quick way in creating a vocabulary-size quiz successfully by copying the already available vocabulary-size questions based on Nation and Beglar’s Vocabulary Size Test. The researcher and the voluntary test students got the scores immediately after they had submitted the Google Forms. It can then be concluded that the OAS created the vocabulary quiz successfully without any serious technical problems.

BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRAK

Sebuah asesmen kosakata yang sistematis dan berkelanjutan diperlukan untuk memonitor kemajuan dan kesiapan pembelajar untuk mengikuti program-program pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melaporkan sebuah uji coba dari penyusunan sebuah kuis dalam jaringan menggunakan http://oas.web.id/.  OAS adalah sebuah proyek penelitian dan pengembangan untuk menolong guru-guru dan/atau peneliti-peneliti pendidikan membuat sebuah kuis dalam jaringan dengan cara mengonversi pertanyaan-pertanyaan pilihan berganda dari sebuah program lembar kerja (misalnya Microsoft Excel atau Google Sheets) ke dalam kuis Google Forms, Moodle, lembar kuis cetak, Kahoot, atau program-program pembuat kuis lainnya yang memiliki fitur impor. Paper ini fokus pada penggambaran proses pembuatan dan uji coba sebuah kuis kosakata dengan Google Forms untuk mengetahui apakah kuis tersebut bisa digunakan. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa OAS menawarkan sebuah cara yang mudah dan sangat cepat dalam membuat sebuah kuis kosakata dengan menyalin pertanyaan-pertanyaan kosakata yang telah disediakan berdasarkan tes kosakata Nation and Beglar’s. Peneliti dan mahasiswa/i yang berpartisipasi di uji coba, langsung mendapatkan hasil kuis setelah mereka mengumpulkan Google Forms. Kemudian dapat disimpulkan bahwa OAS sukses membuat kuis kosakata tanpa ada masalah-masalah teknis yang berarti.
Akibat Hukum Cerai Talak Terhadap Harta Bersama Pra Ikrar Talak
Authors: Ali Moh. , Pratiwi Nurin Dyasti
Published: January 2023

Pembagian harta bersama tidak hanya dapat diajukan setelah adanya putusan cerai talak tetapi juga dapat diajukan bersamaan dengan permohonan cerai talak. Pembagian harta bersama yang diajukan oleh istri bersamaan dengan permohonan cerai talak menimbulkan beberapa permasalahan yakni istri tidak dapat melakukan eksekusi atas pembagian harta bersama berdasarkan putusan Pengadilan Agama yang mengabulkan dan telah mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap dikarenakan suami keberatan atas Putusan Pengadilan Agama yang mengabulkan Pembagian harta bersama dengan alasan tidak memberikan rasa kedilan bagi suami. Dari hal tersebut memunculkan konflik norma antara  Pasal 70 ayat (6)  Undang-Undang Nomor 3 Tahun 2006 tentang Perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1989 tentang Peradilan Agama dengan Pasal 95 Kompilasi Hukum Islam mengenai sita harta bersama. Mengingat landasan penerapan sita harta bersama dalam lingkungan Peradilan Agama, tidak dilaksanakannya pengucapan ikrar talak oleh Pemohon tidak menyebabkan putusan menjadi batal, tetapi hak pemohon untuk mengucapkan ikrar talak menjadi gugur. Contoh perkara yang dapat dianalisis yakni pada Putusan  Pengadilan Agama Jember dengan perkara Nomor : 3108/Pdt.G/2009/PA.Jr dan Putusan Pengadilan Agama Slawi dengan perkara Nomor : 1490/Pdt.G/2010/PA.Slw.
Rekonstruksi Pasal 74 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perseroan Terbatas Terkait Kewirausahaan Sosial
Authors: Dewi Sonia Candra , Ali Moh. , Prakoso Bhim
Published: January 2023

Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan atau yang biasa dikenal dengan TJSL merupakan suatu kewajiban yang berbentuk program bagi perusahaan dengan maksud agar memiliki daya guna bagi masyarakat disekitarnya. Namun, kerapkali dalam implementasinya TJSL tidak dilaksanakan sesuai dengan kaidah yang sebenarnya. TJSL seringkali digunakan hanya sebagai alat pelengkap dari pemerintah agar perusahaan terhindar dari sanksi. Untuk mengantisipasi hal ini, pemerintah membuat regulasi yang mengatur tentang TJSL dalam pasal 74 Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas. Namun tampaknya banyak kelemahan yang masih dimiliki oleh peraturan tersebut. Terbukti dengan implementasi TJSL yang belum berjalan dengan maksimal. Maka oleh karena itu, diperlukan rekonstruksi peraturan TJSL di indonesia untuk memperbaiki implementasi program TJSL di indonesia.
Kepastian Hukum Pembukaan Rekam Medis Pasien COVID-19 Dalam Situasi Pandemi
Authors: Kusuma Apta Daniswara Hardiani , Wada Igam Arya
Published: January 2023

medical record is a document made by a hospital containing the identity, examination, treatment, and medical actions taken against confidential patients. Medical records are medical secrets that can be shown or disclosed in certain situations, one of which is a pandemic situation. In the event of an outbreak of infectious disease, namely the COVID-19 pandemic situation, medical records belonging to COVID-19 patients can be used by doctors, hospitals, and researchers to identify and analyze the causes as well as be useful for the government to determine policy and regulatory directions to suppress virus transmission. Based on the Minister of Health Regulation on Medical Secrets which regulates the opening of medical records in a pandemic situation, there is a blurring of norms regarding legal certainty and procedures for opening medical records in a pandemic situation. To identify and analyze these problems, the researcher uses a normative legal research method with a conceptual approach and legislation. The results obtained that the opening of medical records of COVID-19 patients in a pandemic situation may only be opened to certain parties such as local government officials, hospital heads, and related parties who play a role in reducing the number of virus transmissions. In addition, the information in the medical record shown is only information related to epidemic control, so the patient's personal confidential information is maintained.
Dinâmicas da soberania alimentar, segurança alimentar e nutricional no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Strate Mirian Fabiane Dickel , Santos Alvori Cristo dos , Souza Gabriela Coelho de
Published: January 2023

O Brasil tem importante contribuição à temática da Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) uma construção social que culminou na criação do Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Dois conceitos estão fortemente relacionados ao de SAN: o direito humano à alimentação adequada e a soberania alimentar. Soberania alimentar é o direito de um povo e de uma nação de decidirem sobre suas políticas estratégicas, bem como suas formas e condições de produzir, comercializar e consumir seus alimentos. Com o intuito de avançar no desafio do monitoramento da política nacional de SAN, o Observatório Socioambiental em Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (OBSSAN-RS) desenvolveu para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul(RS) uma plataforma de consulta e cruzamento de indicadores organizados em oito dimensões, com base no Plano Nacional de Segurança Alimentar (PLANSAN). Baseado nos princípios da soberania alimentar, o OBSSAN desenvolveu o indicador de capacidade potencial de soberania alimentar, com base na oferta municipal de alimentos. O indicador pondera dois parâmetros complementares: a qualidade ofertada de alimentos produzidos nos municípios, e a quantidade produzida, a partir da relação per capita entre a produção local e o tamanho da população. A trajetória histórica da oferta de diferentes grupos de alimentos permite observar tendências de cenários futuros de soberania e segurança alimentar e nutricional, bem como qualificar a territorialidade da oferta a partir dos perfis CPSAM.
Predictors of Bone Mineral Density Reduction in Patients with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Associated with Pathogenetic Therapy
Authors: Kitaeva Y. S. , Praskurnichiy E. A.
Published: January 2023

Hodgkin’s lymphoma is more common in the younger patient population. An increase in overall and recurrence-free survival increases the likelihood of developing post-cytostatic complications in the form of a decrease in bone mineral density and associated low-energy fractures.

The aim of the work is to evaluate risk factors for bone mineral density decrease in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma after standard polychemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Material and Methods: The study included 118 people, of which 88 people were patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and 30 people were the control group. The study group of patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma was divided into 2 groups: patients who received standard polychemotherapy and patients who received standard polychemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. For all patients, measurements of bone mineral density were performed using the HologicDiscovery QDR scanner (USA) in the lumbar spine (L2–L4) and in the thigh region (total area of t he thigh and femoral neck). The minimum measurements of bone mineral density and T-scores in the hip and femoral neck were selected, and the Z-score was calculated for young patients.

Results: According to the results of densitometry in both study groups, there was no decrease in bone mineral density below the age norm. In 13 patients (30 %) who received autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a decrease in T-score was found, which corresponds to osteopenia and osteoporosis. In the standard PCT group, a decrease in the T-criterion was observed in 6 patients (14 %): to stagnation — in 3 patients (7 %), to osteoporosis — in 3 patients (7 %). All patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma included in the study received high doses of glucocorticosteroids. There was no correlation between the decrease in BMD, Z-criterion and the risk of low-energy fracture on the stage and variant of the disease.

Conclusion: The high incidence of bone density reduction, taking into account a favorable prognosis for the life of patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma, indicates the need to develop schemes for the prevention of osteoporosis and osteopenia.
The “American Empire” as a Resource of Legitimacy of the United States’ Post-Cold War Dominance
Authors: Bogdanov A.
Published: January 2023

Empires are normally referred to such forms of direct rule that rely primarily on violence and coercion. These features lead to permanent lack of political legitimacy and make imperial polities vulnerable to various sorts of resistance and contestation. In international politics, fragility of “imperial” legitimacy is exacerbated by persistence of “anarchy” as omnipresent condition, characterized by the absence of supreme authority beyond the nation-states’ borders. Similar concerns are normally articulated by international relations scholars regarding the so-called “American empire”, which rests upon highly inequitable relations between the U.S. and its “clients”, “satellites” and “semi-sovereign protectorates” scattered across the globe. While conventional accounts consider these arrangements as based primarily on illegitimate relations of crude dominance, this article examines the “American empire” rather as legitimizing vehicle of the United States’ post-Cold War power than the tool of serving Washington’s needs. To this purpose, the author engages theoretical insights of A. Giddens’ “structuration theory” and explores the United States’ “empire” as a structure of domination, relying on sharp asymmetry of material and positional resources, and the rules, which assign legitimate capacities and set the standards of appropriate behavior. In doing so, the author seeks to overcome shortcomings of the existing approaches, which consider “social structures” as the means of either attaining collective goals or building the U.S.-led imperial order. After all, the paper demonstrates how structural properties of the “American empire” serve to organize practices of subordination and intervention as legitimate patterns of the relationships between Washington and its “clients” and “satellites” in the world periphery.
Russia's Chance to Renew Global Modernity
Authors: Mart'yanov V.
Published: January 2023

The social utopia of Modernity was embodied in the form of a basic liberal consensus in the value-institutional system of modern society, but in the course of implementation it revealed its natural limits associated with inflated expectations of endless progress, the expansion of universal rights, access to resources and opportunities. In the situation of the world capitalist system decline and achievement of many limits to growth, the alignment of technological and economic development of societies in the West and East, South and North, as well as the end of Western hegemony, the search for the construction of the latest versions of Modernity, explaining and legitimizing the changes taking place in the global world, is being activated. Russian society is interested in creating and scaling its version of Modernity, focused on explaining patterns, removing accumulated conflicts and initiating overdue value-institutional transformations that are in fundamental contradiction with the “disenchanting” ideology of the Western mainstream, built on double standards. From the standpoint of the mainstream, the observed strengthening of non-market and undemocratic social regulation, the revival of national sovereignty can only be described as archaic, deviation, pathology and a return to the past. However, the scientific discourse of the West itself increasingly appears only as a historical analogy of unconvincing moral justifications of the feudal order, which at one time was abolished by bourgeois revolutions. The newest version of Russian Modernity can become tempting and convincing for the global world if it ensures the leveling of double standards and clear-cut principles of a new social harmony within Russian society.
Yoon Suk-Yeol Administration's Foreign Policy Strategy and the U.S.–Rok Alliance
Authors: Davydov O.
Published: January 2023

The article studies new foreign policy of South Korea after the administration change in Seoul in May 2022. Over the last period, the external environment for the country has become more complex. That was due to the growth of rivalry between the USA and China, COVID‑19 pandemic implications as well as the Ukrainian crisis, which resulted in increased global and regional instability and disruption of previously established supply chains. Along with that, the confrontation on the Korean Peninsula has become deeper and more protracted with no way forward to break that impasse. All previous attempts to engage North Korea into the dialogue, made by the Moon Jae-in administration, have failed. Those factors affected the priorities chosen by the new administration in foreign affairs. The author concentrates on the concept of the “global pivotal state” announced by the Yoon Suk-yeol’s government. With the criticism of the previous government’s approach that was narrowly focused on Inter-Korean agendas, the new foreign policy team is going to pursue the brand of a “value diplomacy”, emphasizing South Korea’s role in promoting “liberal democracy” and “rules-based regional order”. As for North Korea, Yoon Suk-yeol has shifted his strategy to a hard-line approach which implied strengthening deterrence and raising credibility of the U.S. assurances to provide a nuclear umbrella to defend its ally. The article highlights Seoul’s new policy aimed at rebuilding and strengthening the “comprehensive global alliance” between the ROK and the USA that presupposes cooperation on a wide range of international and regional agendas beyond the Korean Peninsula. The paper explores some emerging political dimensions of South Korea in the Indo-Pacific region. It is shown that Seoul wishes to be an active participant of the U.S. – led minilateral arrangements to ensure its expanded economic and security interests in the region.
The Ijtihad Construction Of Islamic Law Based On The Maqâshid Al-Syarî'Ah Approach In The Indonesian Context
Authors: Tohari Chamim , Fawwaz Hudzaifah , Swadjaja Isma
Published: January 2023

This research is developed from the author's findings of ambiguity in recent philosophical aspects of the application of Islamic law in Indonesia. Accordingly, it is crucial to immediately reform the ijtihad of Islamic law in Indonesia, because the practice is no longer in line with maqâshid al-syarî'ah and the principles of Islamic law. This can be seen from the emergence of civil disobedience toward Islamic law fatwas issued by fatwa institutions in IndonesiaThe purpose of this study is to find answers to the problems specified in the formulation of the problem. This research is a descriptive-normative research or library research that uses content analysis of the data obtained. In addition to using a conceptual approach, this study also uses a maqashidi approach (Maqâshid-Based Ijtihad) to answer the problem studied. The results of this study are: First, there is philosophical confusion regarding the application of Islamic law in Indonesia which includes ontological, epistemological, and axiological confusion. Second, maqâshid al-syarî'ah known as al-ushûl al-khamsah includes the maintenance of religion (hifz al-dn), life (hifz al-nafs), lineage (hifz al-nasab), mind (hifz al-aql), and property (hifz al-mȃl), as the dharûriyyah, hȃjiyyah and tahsȋniyyah level. Meanwhile maqâshid al-'ammah includes the following universal maqâshid principles; nature (al-fiṭroh), tolerance (al-samâhah), benefit (al-maslahah), equality (al-musâwah), and freedom (hurriyâh). Third, reformulation of Islamic law in Indonesia with the maqâshid al-syarî'ah approach can be achieved through two constructs, namely the integration of legal texts with al-ushûl al-khamsah and integration of legal texts with maqâshid al-syarî'ah al-'ammah.
Harmonization Of State Administrative Court Law And Other Laws Concerning The State Administrative Courts Exclusive Authority
Authors: Nurwigati Nurwigati
Published: January 2023

This study describes and analyzes the urgency of harmonizing the exclusive authority of State Administrative Court as stipulated in the State Administrative Court Law and Non-State Administrative Court Law, and how to do this harmonization in relation to the implementation of legality principles, the theory of hierarchical regulations, and laws on the establishment of laws and regulations. As normative research using statutory and conceptual approaches, this research used a descriptive qualitative analytical method. It is expected that the results of this research can contribute to the development of Constitutional law and State Administrative Law, as well as to contribute ideas to policymakers in making and formulating various regulations related to appropriate methods to overcome disharmony in regulating the exclusive authority of the State Administrative Court to ensure that the law issued on the exclusive authority of the State Administrative Court meets society’s needs for good laws and regulations. This study concluded the following points: first, it is necessary to harmonize the State Administrative Court Law and laws other than State Administrative Court on the exclusive authority of the State Administrative Court to avoid any overlap to ensure harmonization of the laws. Secondly, the usual drafting method is more appropriate than the omnibus method because we only need to amend the State Administrative Court Law, while the other laws remain unamended.
Precision Oncology-Based Targeting of Signaling Pathways toward a Holistic Approach to Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Kumar Manish
Published: January 2023

The genetic changes appearing in the information system of the cell that program its unregulated growth and proliferation gradually lead to cancer manifestation, and the treatment options need to be guided accordingly. The critical roles played by some of the molecules associated with the signaling pathways and cell microenvironment that often induce tumorigenesis and metastasis have been described precisely in recent years based on findings of the human genome project and other related initiatives undertaken afterward to thoroughly understand the molecular basis of cancer cell behaviors. It is to rely upon the genomic study of cancer cells to fully understand the prognosis and pathways involved in disease progression to selectively target them for a cure. Furthermore, patients with the same cancer types often respond differently to cancer therapies, indicating the need for a patient-specific treatment regimen for cancer. In this direction, precision oncology, defined as the molecular profiling of tumors to identify targetable alterations for custom-tailored personalized treatment, is gaining ground as a potential means of cancer treatment and has started influencing the ways cancer has been treated in clinics. This article intends to comprehensively elucidate the foundations and frontiers of precision oncology in the context of recent advances in cancer genomics and single-cell technologies for assessing its scope and importance in the realization of a proper cure for cancer.
Selenylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine induces cell senescence and oxidative stress in chronic myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Burkner Gabriella Teles , Dias Dhébora Albuquerque , Souza Kamylla Fernanda Souza de , Araújo Anna Júlia Papa de , Basilio Denise Caroline Luiz Soares , Jacobsen Fernanda Tondello , Moraes Ana Carolina Rabello de , Silva-Filho Saulo Euclides , Cavalcante Marcos Filipe de Oliveira , Moraes Cassio Augusto de Oliveira , Saba Sumbal , Macedo Maria Lígia Rodrigues , Paredes-Gamero1 Edgar Julian , Rafique Jamal , Parisotto Eduardo Benedetti
Published: January 2023

Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines have been studied regarding drug development. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antileukemic capacity of imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives by screening its ability as a pro-oxidant. Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives were synthesized and oral bioavailability and toxicity were analyzed in silico. Redox screening was performed on human Kasumi, KG-1, K562 and Jurkat leukemia cells. The imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivative and the most responsive leukemic cell were selected for cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, cell senescence and oxidative stress assays. The predictive toxicity analysis showed a possible effect on the reproductive system, but without mutagenic, carcinogenic or irritability effects. MRK-107 against K562 cells was the compound that showed the best redox profile. MRK-107 did not induce cell death in K562 and monocyte cells. However, this compound was able to decrease cell proliferation and increase cell senescence after 48 and 72 hours. Furthermore, MRK-107 induced oxidative stress in K562 cells after 72h, increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing reduced glutathione (GSH) contents. This study demonstrated that MRK-107-induced senescence with the involvement of oxidative stress as a possible mechanism of action, addressing this compound as a potential antitumor drug against chronic myeloid leukemia.
The Influence of Skin Commensals on the Therapeutic Outcomes of Surgically-Debrided Diabetic Foot Infections – A Large Retro-Spective Comparative Study
Authors: Uçkay Ilker , Lebowitz Dan , Kressmann Benjamin , Lipsky Benjamin Alan , Gariani Karim
Published: January 2023

In diabetic foot infections (DFI), the clinically virulence of skin commensals are generally pre-sumed to be of low virulence. In this single-center study, we divided the wound isolates into two groups: skin commensals (coagulase-negative staphylococci, micrococci, corynebacteria, cutibacteria); and, pyogenicpathogenic pathogens, and followed the patients for ≥ 6 months. In this retrospective study among 1,018 DFI episodes (392 [39%] with osteomyelitis), we identified skin commensals as the sole culture isolates (without accompanying pyogenicpathogenic patho-gens) in 54 cases (5%). After treatment (antibiotic therapy [median of 20 days], hyperbaric oxy-gen in 98 cases [10%]), 251 episodes (25%) were clinical failures. Group comparisons between those growing only skin commensals and controls found no difference in clinical failure (17% vs 24 %, p=0.23) or microbiological recurrence (11% vs 17 %, p=0.23). The skin commensals were mostly treated with non-beta-lactam oral antibiotics. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, isolation of only skin commensals was not associated with failure (odds ratio 0.4, 95% confi-dence interval 0.1-3.8). Clinicians might wish to consider these isolates as potential pathogens when selecting a targeted antibiotic regimen, which may equally base on oral non-beta-lactam antibiotic agents susceptible to the corresponding skin pathogens.
Bell's Theorem Begs the Question
Authors: Christian Joy
Published: January 2023

I demonstrate that Bell's theorem is based on circular reasoning and thus a fundamentally flawed argument. It unjustifiably assumes the additivity of expectation values for dispersion-free states of contextual hidden variable theories for non-commuting observables involved in Bell-test experiments, which is tautologous to assuming the bounds of ±2 on the Bell-CHSH sum of expectation values. Its premises thus assume in a different guise the bounds of ±2 it sets out to prove. Consequently, what is ruled out by the Bell-test experiments is not local realism but the additivity of expectation values, which does not hold for non-commuting observables in any hidden variable theories to begin with.
Solve the 3x+1 Problem
Authors: Feng Jishe
Published: January 2023

The 3x+1 problem asks the following: Suppose we start with a positive integer, and if it is odd then multiply it by 3 and add 1, and if it is even, divide it by 2. Then repeat this process as long as you can. Do you eventually reach the integer 1, no matter what you started with? Collatz conjecture (or 3n+1 problem) has been explored for about 85 years. In this article, we prove the Collatz conjecture by modifying Sharkovsky ordering of positive integers and denote the composition of the collatz function as a algebraic formula about $\frac{3^{m}}{(2^{r}}$, convert the problem to a algebraic problem, we can solve it completely.
Assessing Stress Levels, Predictors and Management Strategies of Inmates at Ankaful Prison Complex in the Central Region, Ghana
Authors: Ansah Edward W. , Addai Jennifer , Hagan Jr. John Elvis , Afari-Baidoo Michael
Published: January 2023

Background: Stress among prison inmates is a neglected psychological health issues, but this phenomenon seems worse in Ghana’s prisons. This study examined the stress levels, predictors and management strategies utilized among inmates at Ankaful Prison Complex. Method: This survey sampled 1,160 inmates using the census approach at the Ankaful Prison Complex with a self-developed questionnaire for the data collection. Frequency counts, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were applied to the data. Results: The findings indicate that more than half of the inmates were moderately or highly stressed. Specifically, inmates at the Maximum-Security Prison were the most stressed, followed by Annex Prison, Communicable Disease Prison, and the least, Main Camp Prison inmates. Inmate engagement in exercises, sporting activities, visit and chat with colleagues, and family connectedness outside the prison were stress management strategies. Inmates’ self-reported stress levels were influenced by the prison of custody and state of depression. Conclusion: The moderate to high stress levels identified among inmates of Ankaful Prison Complex are influenced by person-environment factors. Management of Ankaful Prisons Complex is encouraged to initiate health screening services for inmates on common mental health challenges like stress and promote functional stress reduction interventions to improve prisoners’ mental health and overall wellbeing
Network Pharmacological Analysis of a New Herbal Combination Targeting Hyperlipidemia and Efficacy Validation in Vitro
Authors: Kim Tae-Hyoung , Yu Ga-Ram , Kim Hyuck , Kim Jai-Eun , Lim Dong-Woo , Park Won-Hwan
Published: January 2023

The network pharmacology (NP) approach is a valuable novel methodology for understanding the complex pharmacological mechanisms of medicinal herbs. In addition, various in silico analysis techniques combined with the NP can improve the understanding of various issues in natural product research. This study assessed the therapeutic effects of Arum ternata (AT), Poria cocos (PC), and Zingiber officinale (ZO) on hyperlipidemia after network pharmacologic analysis. A protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of forty-one key targets was analyzed to discover core functional clusters of the herbal compounds. The KEGG pathway and gene ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis identified significant categories of hypolipidemic mechanisms. The STITCH database indicated a high connection with several statin drugs deduced by the similarity in targets. AT, PC, and ZO regulated the genes related to the energy metabolism and lipogenesis in HepG2 cells loaded with free fatty acids (FFAs). Furthermore, a combinational effect of the mixture of three herbs was found. The herbal combination exerted superior efficacy compared to a single herb, particularly in regulating acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT-1). In conclusion, the network pharmacologic approach was used to assess potential targets of the herbal combination for treatment. Experimental data from FFAs-induced HepG2 cells suggested that the combination of AT, PC, and ZO might attenuate hyperlipidemia and its associated hepatic steatosis.
Controlling Upper Limb Prostheses Using Sonomyography (SMG): A Review
Authors: Nazari Vaheh , Zheng Yong-Ping
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a critical review and comparison of the results of recently published studies in the fields of human-machine interface and the use of sonomyography (SMG) for the control of upper limb prothesis. For this review paper, a combination of the keywords "Human Machine Interface", "Sonomyography", "Ultrasound", "Upper Limb Prosthesis", "Artificial Intelligence" and "Non-Invasive Sensors" was used to search for articles on Google Scholar and PubMed. Sixty-one articles were found, of which 59 were used in this review. For a comparison of the different ultrasound modes, feature extraction methods, and machine learning algorithms, 16 articles were used. It was found that various modes of ultrasound devices for prosthetic control, various machine learning algorithms for classifying different hand gestures, as well as various feature extraction methods for increasing the accuracy of artificial intelligence used in their controlling systems are reviewed in this article. The results of the review article show that ultrasound sensing has the potential to be used as a viable human-machine interface in order to control bionic hands with multiple degrees of freedom. Moreover, different hand gestures can be classified by different machine learning algorithms trained with extracted features from collected data with an accuracy of around 95%.
Strategy to Combat Antibiotic Resistance Bacteria and Genes in Wastewater in Developing Countries
Authors: Pandey Sunil , Regmi Pandey Ayesna
Published: January 2023

Antibiotic resistance is a major public health issue that requires a multifaceted approach. One potential source of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is wastewater in developing countries, which often lacks proper treatment infrastructure and can release high levels of antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria into the environment. This review article summarizes current knowledge on strategies to combat antibiotic resistance in wastewater in developing countries. Our review highlights the importance of improving wastewater treatment infrastructure to effectively remove antibiotics and antibiotic-resistant bacteria, implementing measures to reduce the release of antibiotics into the environment, and monitoring and surveillance to track the presence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in wastewater. We also discuss the potential challenges and barriers to implementing these strategies and the need for further research to determine their effectiveness in real-world settings. Overall, this review highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to address antibiotic resistance in wastewater in developing countries and underscores the importance of addressing this issue to protect public health.
Doppler Shift Effect as a Possible Explanation to the Hubble-Lemaitre Constant Tension
Authors: Shamir Lior
Published: January 2023

The difference in the Hubble-Lemaitre constant determined by different probes is a yet unexplained observation. This paper proposes the contention that the tension could be explained by the Doppler shift effect of Ia supernovae or Cepheids, driven by the rotational velocity of their host galaxies relative to the rotational velocity of the Milky Way. While the effect of the Doppler shift is expected to be mild, observations show that it can lead to systematic differences in the apparent brightness, and consequently the estimated distances. A simple experiment is done by repeating a previous analysis. When using the original set of supernovae, $H_o$ is 73.758$\pm$1.943 km/s/Mpc. When using a subset of supernovae such that the host galaxies rotate in the same direction as the Milky Way, $H_o$ drops sharply to 69.049$\pm$3.42 km/s/Mpc, showing a far milder tension with the $H_o$ determined by the CMB. When using a subset of Ia supernovae that rotate in the opposite direction, Ho does not decrease, but instead it increases the Ho tension to 74.182$\pm$3.2. Further analysis will be required to determine the link between Ho observed by using Ia supernovae or Cepheids and the rotational velocity of the host galaxies.
The Spectrum of the Zariski Topology for Multiplication Krasner Hypermodules
Authors: Türkmen Ergül , Nisancı Türkmen Burcu , KULAK Öznur
Published: January 2023

In this study, we define the concept of pseudo-prime subhypermodules of hypermodules as a generalization of the prime hyperideal of commutative hyperrings in [17]. Firstly we examine the spectrum of the Zariski topology, which we built on the element of the pseudo-prime subhypermodules of a class of hyper-modules, then we give some relevant properties of the hypermodule in this topological hyperspace.
Polymorphism rs754203 in Gene CYP46A1 Is a Potential Suicide Risk Biomarker in Major Depressive Disorder
Authors: Serna-Rodríguez María Fernanda , Cienfuegos-Jiménez Oscar , Cerda-Flores Ricardo Martín , Marino-Martínez Iván Alberto , Hernández-Ordoñez Mario Alberto , Ontiveros-Sánchez de la Barquera José Alfonso , Pérez-Maya Antonio Alí
Published: January 2023

Background: Currently, completed suicide, suicide ideation, suicide behavior, and suicide attempts are major public health problems worldwide. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is one of the most common mental disorders associated with an increased risk of suicide. Since the relationship between suicide and cholesterol levels is still controversial, in this study, we explore the association between SNPs rs754203 and rs4900442 of CYP46A1 with suicide risk in Mexican patients with major depressive disorder. Methods: We evaluated 188 unrelated suicide completers and compared them to 144 non-suicidal individuals (controls) and 126 MDD patients. Genotypes were analyzed using the Real Time-polymerase chain reaction method and two allele-specific probes to detect specific SNP targets. A chi-square test was used to identify a possible risk genotype or allele type for suicide. Results: Statistical analysis showed significant differences between completed suicide and controls in their allelic and genotypic frequencies in rs754203 SNP. The genotype G/G of CYP46A1 rs754203 was significantly associated with suicide. Also, the G allele was associated with an increased risk of suicide (OR= 1.370, 95% CI= 1.002-1.873). No differences in either genotype distribution or allele frequencies of CYP46A1 rs4900442 were observed. Conclusions: The results of the current study report the first association between G allele carriers (A/G + G/G) of rs754203 and increased risk for suicide, especially in males.
Integration of Financial Innovations and FinTech
Authors: Rehman Shafiq , Onesti Alin
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this article is to address two questions that will aid researchers in understanding FinTech’s inception, development, and potential impact on the stability of the financial system. First, it explains why financial technology is a current phenomenon. While many of the underlying technology for FinTech breakthroughs have been around for some time, it is only recently that financial institutions and entrepreneurs have begun to apply them to financial goods and services. Supply and demand factors in "conventional" financial innovation have been studied, and they have been found to converge, leading to a high rate of innovation. And second, this article explains why FinTech is being covered in greater depth than other types of innovation. This study introduces the concept of "depth" of innovation as a means of answering this question. The more fundamental the innovation, the more it will affect the financial sector. In this paper, we demonstrate that many recent developments in the field of financial technology (FinTech) are truly revolutionary advances, with far-reaching implications for the financial services industry. In addition to the benefits of more adaptability, higher transformational potential might bring increased risk to economic security.
Power Production and Blade Fatigue of a Wind-Turbine Array Subjected to Active Yaw Control
Authors: Lin Mou , Porté-Agel Fernando
Published: January 2023

This study investigates the power production and blade fatigue of a three-turbine array subjected to active yaw control (AYC) in full-wake and partial-wake configurations. A framework of two-way coupled large-eddy simulation (LES) and aeroelastic blade simulation is applied to simulate the atmospheric boundary-layer (ABL) flow through the turbine array and the structural responses of the turbine blades. Mean power outputs and blade fatigue loads are extracted from the simulation results. By exploring the feasible AYC decision space, we find that (a) in the full-wake configuration, the local power-optimal AYC strategy with positive yaw angles endures less flapwise blade fatigue and more edgewise blade fatigue than the global power-optimal strategy; (b) in the partial-wake configuration, applying positive AYC in certain inflow wind directions achieves higher optimal power gains than that in the full-wake scenario and reduces the blade fatigue from the non-yawed benchmark. Through a theoretical analysis based on the blade element momentum theory, we reveal that the aforementioned differences in flapwise blade fatigue between the positively and negatively yawed turbine are due to the differences in the azimuthal distributions of the local relative velocity on blade sections, resulting from the combined effects of vertical wind shear and blade rotation. Furthermore, the difference in the blade force between the positively and negatively yawed front-row turbine induces different wake velocity and turbulence distributions, causing different fatigue loads on the downwind turbine exposed to the wake.
Effects of Herbicide Glyphosate on Fitness Attributes of Zygogramma bicolorata Pallister
Authors: Aryan Shalini , Gupta R. K. , Bandral R. S. , Singh S. K. , Sharma Susheel , Gupta S. K. , Basu Umer , Ahanger Shafat Ahamad
Published: January 2023

The ecotoxic effect of glyphosate, a commonly used Parthenium control herbicide, was evaluated in laboratory on biological and fitness attributes of Zygogramma bicolorata. Bioassay of glyphosate was carried within a minimum range of field recommended dose. Indirect exposure experiment reveals that glyphosate caused maximum mortality of 3rd larval instars, extends the development stages of larvae, pre pupation and pupation. Significant negative effect was observed on sex ratio, fecundity, egg viability and on other fitness attributes. The study demonstrated the non-compatibility of glyphosate and unsafe with Zygogramma bicolorata. The study concludes that owing to acute toxicity of glyphosate at recommended field dose may be used in combination with Z. bicolorata for successful control of Parthenium weed, but needs to be evaluated under natural field conditions.
A Qualitative Study Exploring Motivators and Barriers to COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake among Adults in South Africa and Zimbabw
Authors: Myburgh Nellie , Mulaudzi Mamakiri , Tshabalala Gugulethu , Beta Norest , Gutu Kimberley , Vermaak Stefanie , Lau Charles , Hill Catherine , Stanberry Lawrence , James Wilmot , Madhi Shabir , Makadzange Tariro , Dietrich Janan Janine
Published: January 2023

While vaccines are a well-established method of controlling the spread of infectious diseases, vaccine hesitancy jeopardizes curbing the spread of COVID-19. Through the Vaccine Information Network (VIN), this study explored barriers and motivators to COVID-19 vaccine uptake. We conducted 18 focus group discussions with male and female community members, stratified by country, age group, and—for Zimbabwe only—by HIV status. Participants’ median age across both countries was 40 years (interquartile range of 22–40) and most (65.9%) were female. We conceptualized the key themes within the World Health Organization’s Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on Immunization (SAGE) 3Cs (convenience, confidence, complacency) vaccine hesitancy model. Barriers to vaccine uptake—lack of convenience, low confidence, and high complacency—included inaccessibility of vaccines and vaccination sites, vaccine safety and development concerns, and disbelief in COVID-19’s existence. Motivators to vaccine uptake—convenience, confidence and low complacency—included accessibility of vaccination sites, user-friendly registration processes, trust in governments and vaccines, fear of dying from COVID-19 and knowing someone who had died or become infected with COVID-19. Overall, vaccine hesitancy in South Africa and Zimbabwe was influenced by inconvenience, a lack of confidence, and high complacency around COVID-19 vaccines.
The SI4CARE Project: Using Wearable Devices for Assisting People with Dementia in Calabria
Authors: Gallo Alessandro , Fregola Salvatore , Menon Margherita , Talarico Filomena , Fragkiadaki Stella , Kontaxopoulou Dyonisya , Vukojevic Katarina , Matijaca Danira , Milikovic Miodrag , Kozetinac Srdjan , Merola Alessio , Dimovski Vlado , Kejžar Anamarija , Radevic Ivan , Stevovic Danica , Martinovic Vlatika , Matesan Katjia , Matkovic Roberta , Piccoli Guido , Sodano Elena , Gigliotti Amanda , Mayera Nicola , Pedace Elisabetta , Semrov Darjia , Guzzi Pietro Hiram
Published: January 2023

The improvement of health and social care needs the introduction of shared solution at transnational level. The SI4CARE (Social Innovation for Integrated Health Care) project is a transnational initiative within the Adriatic-Ionian regions aiming to develop strategies to improve the current status of health and social care. The Municipality of Miglierina, a small rural town in Calabria, which is a member the project, is developing a pilot action related to the use of wearable device for monitoring people affected by dementia with the project partner Ra.Gi.. Ra.Gi. is a non-profit organization dedicated to assisting people with dementia in day care centers and so-called dementia-friendly communities. The pilot is based on the use of smart wearable devices to monitor these patients during their daily lifetime. This paper focuses on the design and implementation of the system discussing the proposed application, the strengths and weaknesses. Finally, the possibility of extending the experiment to the other Adriatic-Ionian region is presented.
Wave Effects on the Initial Dilution of Untreated Wastewater Discharge for Santa Marta´s Submarine Outfall (Colombia)
Authors: García-Rentería Francisco-Fernando , Chang Nieto Gustavo Ariel , Hernández Cortés Gustavo
Published: January 2023

The initial dilution generated by the final disposal of untreated wastewater through a submarine outfall in Santa Marta was examined with a near-field dilution model. Northward and eastward seawater velocity, salinity, and temperature profiles from a 3D hydrodynamic model were used to provide the oceanic conditions to calculate the dilution. At the wastewater discharge site, the upwelling phenomenon occurs two times a year, the major from December to March and the minor in July, eliminating the stratification condition of seawater. The results of the dilution model showed that in these periods the plume reaches the water surface achieving dilutions greater than 100. In addition, the external wave effect on the initial dilution of submarine outfall discharge in Santa Marta was determined. Surface waves increase dilution during the dry period of the year when trade winds increase the surge and start the upwelling phenomenon. The Dilution with/without waves factor is up to 1.90 for the center of the plume on the water column.