bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decoupling copolymer, lipid and carbon nanotube interactions in hybrid, biomimetic vesicles
Authors: Hammons Joshua A. , Ingólfsson Helgi I. , Lee Jonathan R. I. , Carpenter Tim S. , Sanborn Jeremy , Tunuguntla Ramya , Yao Yun-Chiao , Weiss Thomas M. , Noy Aleksandr , Van Buuren Tony
Published: February 2020

Bilayer vesicles that mimic a real biological cell can be tailored to carry out a specific function by manipulating the molecular composition of the amphiphiles.
A three-dimensional Cu nanobelt cathode for highly efficient electrocatalytic nitrate reduction
Authors: Wang Xiaodan , Zhu Mengqi , Zeng Guoshen , Liu Xun , Fang Chihhsiang , Li Chuanhao
Published: February 2020

A three-dimensional Cu nanobelt cathode was developed to efficiently catalyze the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction process.
Site-selective [2 + 2 +n] cycloadditions for rapid, scalable access to alkynylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
Authors: Kiel Gavin R. , Bergman Harrison M. , Tilley T. Don
Published: February 2020

An orthogonal [2 + 2 +n] cycloaddition/alkyne metathesis reaction sequence enables streamlined access to conjugated macrocyclic nanocarbons.
A highly sensitive and adjustable colorimetric assay of hydrogen sulfide by signal amplification based on G-quadruplex-Cu2+ peroxidase mimetics
Authors: Ma Yu , Xu Maotian , Wang Yongxiang , Liu Zi , Ye Baoxian
Published: February 2020

This work reports the first example of a colorimetric H2S sensor constructed through G-quadruplex-Cu2+ (G4-Cu2+) peroxidase mimetics employing Cu2+ ions and G-rich DNA with signal amplification.
In vitro simultaneous mapping of the partial pressure of oxygen, pH and inorganic phosphate using electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Taguchi Akihiro , DeVience Stephen , Driesschaert Benoit , Khramtsov Valery V. , Hirata Hiroshi
Published: February 2020

A simultaneous mapping method was established for the partial pressure of oxygen, pH and inorganic phosphate using electron paramagnetic resonance.
A label-free homogeneous electrochemical cytosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of cancer cells based on multiaptamer-functionalized DNA tetrahedral nanostructures
Authors: Yang Limin , Yin Xuehan , Gai Panpan , Li Feng
Published: February 2020

A label-free homogeneous electrochemical cytosensor was developed for ultrasensitive detection of cancer cells based on multiaptamer-functionalized DNA tetrahedral nanostructures.
Tailoring the electroluminescence of a single microwire based heterojunction diode using Ag nanowires deposition
Authors: Wu Yuting , Xu Juan , Jiang Mingming , Zhou Xiangbo , Wan Peng , Kan Caixia
Published: February 2020

A single Ga-doped ZnO microwire covered by Ag nanowires (AgNWs@ZnO:Ga MW) was utilized to construct a promising ultraviolet light source, with p-GaN serving as a hole injection layer.
Enantiospecificity in achiral zeolites for asymmetric catalysis
Authors: Chen Tianxiang , Wun Ching Kit Tommy , Day Sarah J. , Tang Chiu C. , Lo Tsz Woon Benedict
Published: February 2020

We highlight the recent study in using chiral and achiral porous materials for the potential applications in asymmetric catalysis.
Enhanced carrier mobility and tunable electronic properties in α-tellurene monolayer via an α-tellurene and h-BN heterostructure
Authors: Cai Xiaolin , Jia Xingtao , Liu Yujin , Zhang Liwei , Yu Weiyang , Wang Baoji , Yang Xuefeng , Wang Qin , Jia Yu
Published: February 2020

Using first-principles calculations within density functional theory, we explore the electronic properties of the α-tellurene/h-BN (Te/BN) heterostructure.
Correction: Mixed azido/phenoxido bridged trinuclear Cu(ii) complexes of Mannich bases: Synthesis, structures, magnetic properties and catalytic oxidase activities
Authors: Das Avijit , Bhattacharya Kisholoy , Das Lakshmi Kanta , Giri Sanjib , Ghosh Ashutosh
Published: February 2020

Correction for ‘Mixed azido/phenoxido bridged trinuclear Cu(ii) complexes of Mannich bases: Synthesis, structures, magnetic properties and catalytic oxidase activities’ by A. Ghosh et al., Dalton Trans., 2018, 47, 9385–9399.
N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed deaminative cross-coupling of aldehydes with Katritzky pyridinium salts
Authors: Kim Inwon , Im Honggu , Lee Hyeonyeong , Hong Sungwoo
Published: February 2020

By employing an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyst, we developed a versatile catalytic system that enables deaminative cross-coupling reactions of aldehydes with redox-active pyridinium salts.
In vivo real-time tracking of tumor-specific biocatalysis in cascade nanotheranostics enables synergistic cancer treatment
Authors: Wang Ruofei , Yan Chenxu , Zhang Hehe , Guo Zhiqian , Zhu Wei-Hong
Published: February 2020

Herein, we described the strategy of cascade nanotheranostics for in real-time tracking of GOD release and thus provide the feedback information of biocatalysis cascade process with significantly enhanced in vivo therapeutic efficiency.
Enhanced CH3OH selectivity in CO2 hydrogenation using Cu-based catalysts generated via SOMC from GaIII single-sites
Authors: Lam Erwin , Noh Gina , Chan Ka Wing , Larmier Kim , Lebedev Dmitry , Searles Keith , Wolf Patrick , Safonova Olga V. , Copéret Christophe
Published: February 2020

CuGax alloy nanoparticles supported on SiO2 can be obtained by surface organometallic chemistry. This catalyst is active and selective for the hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH, related to the formation of an optimal interface between Cu and GaIIIOx.
Rapid differentiation between bacterial infections and cancer using a near-infrared fluorogenic probe
Authors: Wu Ling-Ling , Wang Qinghua , Wang Yali , Zhang Na , Zhang Qingyang , Hu Hai-Yu
Published: February 2020

A new nitroreductase-responsive near-infrared fluorogenic probe can specifically image live bacteria in mouse models and does not accumulate at sites of inflammation or tumor.
Comprehensive evaluation of the risk of lactational mastitis in Chinese women: combined logistic regression analysis with receiver operating characteristic curve
Authors: Yin Yongshuo , Yu Zhiyong , Zhao Min , Wang Yuemei , Guan Xiao
Published: February 2020

Objective: To identify the potential risk factors for acute mastitis during lactation comprehensively. Subsequently, to evaluate logistic regression model in predicting the risk of lactational mastitis in Chinese women by applying receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Methods: A case–control study among Chinese women enrolled 652 patients with mastitis and 581 healthy women with breastfeeding experience as control. The retrospective information was obtained by questionnaires that included medical history of pregnancy, delivery, puerperium and breastfeeding behaviors. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression model were performed to investigate the relationship between these factors and the occurrence of lactational mastitis. Using ROC curve to evaluate the prognostic value of these selected indicators in the risk of acute mastitis.

Results: The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the primiparity (P < 0.001), mastitis in previous breastfeeding (P < 0.001), nipple’s heteroplasia (P < 0.001), cracked nipple (P < 0.001), breast trauma by external force (P = 0.002), lateral position (P = 0.007), breast pump (P = 0.039), nipple sucking (P = 0.007), sleep with sucking (P = 0.007), and tongue-tie (P = 0.013) were risk variables independently and significantly related with mastitis. While vaginal delivery (P = 0.015), clean nipple before breastfeeding (P = 0.015), first contact with child within 1 h (P = 0.027) were protective factors. The ROC analysis demonstrated that the area under the curve of model 2 was 0.8122 (95%CI = 0.7885–0.8360), which stated that the model presented a high sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion: By means of collecting and summarizing the risk factors associated with the occurrence of breast mastitis in Chinese women, we established risk discriminant model to identify and warn the individuals susceptible to acute mastitis early, which will allow practitioners to provide appropriate management advice and effective individual care.
Auditory Perception and Ultrasound Biofeedback Treatment Outcomes for Children With Residual /ɹ/ Distortions: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Preston Jonathan L. , Hitchcock Elaine R. , Leece Megan C.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This study evaluated whether outcomes from treatment, which includes ultrasound visual feedback (UVF), would be more or less effective when combined with auditory perception training for children with residual /ɹ/ errors.

Method

Children ages 8–16 years with /ɹ/ distortions participated in speech therapy that included real-time UVF of the tongue. Thirty-eight participants were randomized to speech therapy conditions that included a primary focus on articulation using UVF or a condition that included auditory perceptual training plus UVF (incorporating category goodness judgments and self-monitoring). Generalization of /ɹ/ production accuracy to untrained words was assessed before and after 14 hr of therapy. Additionally, the role of auditory perceptual acuity was explored using a synthetic /ɹ/–/w/ continuum.

Results

There was no difference between the treatment groups in rate of improvement of /ɹ/ accuracy (increase of 34% for each group;
p =
.95, η
p
2
= .00). However, pretreatment auditory acuity was associated with treatment progress in both groups, with finer perceptual acuity corresponding to greater progress (
p
= .015, η
p
2
= .182).

Conclusion

Similar gains in speech sound accuracy can be made with treatment that includes UVF with or without auditory perceptual training. Fine-grained perceptual acuity may be a prognostic indicator with treatment.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.11886219
Direction-Specific Jaw Dysfunction and Its Impact on Tongue Movement in Individuals With Dysarthria Secondary to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Lee Jimin , Rodriguez Elizabeth , Mefferd Antje
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The current study tested jaw movement characteristics and their impact on tongue movement for speech production in individuals with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Specifically, the study examined tongue and jaw movement in multiple directions during jaw opening and closing strokes in individuals with ALS and controls.

Method

Twenty-two individuals with ALS and 22 controls participated in the current study. Tongue and jaw movements during the production of the words “Iowa” and “Ohio” (produced in a carrier phrase) were recorded using electromagnetic articulography. Tongue and jaw distances were measured for jaw opening and closing strokes. Distance was measured in the anterior–posterior and superior–inferior dimensions (retraction, advancement, lowering, and raising).

Results

Findings revealed that individuals with ALS exaggerated their jaw opening movements, but not their jaw closing movements, compared to controls. Between the groups, a comparable tongue lowering distance was observed during jaw opening movements. In contrast, reduced tongue raising was observed during the jaw closing movements in individuals with ALS compared to controls.

Conclusion

The findings suggest that individuals with ALS produce excessive jaw opening movements in the absence of excessive jaw closing movements. The lack of excessive jaw closing movements results in reduced tongue raising in these individuals. Excessive jaw opening movements alone suggest a direction-specific jaw dysfunction. Future studies should examine whether excessive jaw raising can be facilitated and if it enhances tongue raising movement for speech production in individuals with dysarthria secondary to ALS.
Respiratory–Swallow Coordination Training and Voluntary Cough Skill Training: A Single-Subject Treatment Study in a Person With Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Curtis James A. , Dakin Avery E. , Troche Michelle S.
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Airway protective disorders are common in Parkinson's disease (PD), yet effective methods to rehabilitate these life-threatening impairments are limited. This study examined the effects of two skill-based treatments aimed at improving swallowing and cough in a severely dysphagic person with PD: respiratory–swallow coordination training (RSCT) and voluntary cough skill training (VCST). It was hypothesized that (a) RSCT would improve respiratory–swallow coordination and swallowing safety and efficiency and (b) VCST would improve reflex and voluntary cough effectiveness.

Method

An 81-year-old man with midstage PD and severe dysphagia was recruited for study participation. The study utilized a multiple-baseline ABACA experimental design with a 2-month delayed retention assessment. Measures of respiratory–swallow coordination, swallowing safety and efficiency, and cough effectiveness were collected at each assessment using respiratory inductive plethysmography, flexible endoscopic evaluations of swallowing, and spirometry. Data were analyzed descriptively using baseline corrected tau and standard mean difference effect sizes (
d
).

Results

Large effect sizes were observed immediately following RSCT for respiratory–swallow coordination (
d
= 9.17), penetration–aspiration (
d
= 12.88), vallecular residue (
d
= 1.75), piriform residue (
d
= 4.15), and overall dysphagia severity (
d
= 1.83). Large effect sizes were also observed immediately following VCST for single voluntary cough (
d
= 4.30), sequential voluntary cough (
d
= 3.28), and reflex cough (
d
= 5.58). Improvements were maintained 2 months later for all outcome measures except single voluntary cough.

Discussion

This is the first study to examine the effects of RSCT and VCST in a person with PD. Robust improvements in respiratory–swallow coordination and swallowing safety and efficiency were achieved following four sessions of RSCT, and significant improvements in reflex and voluntary cough strength were seen following four sessions of VCST. Future work is needed to study these treatments in larger cohorts of people with PD.
The population of hot subdwarf stars studied withGaia
Authors: Geier S.
Published: February 2020

In light of substantial new discoveries of hot subdwarfs by ongoing spectroscopic surveys and the availability of new all-sky data from ground-based photometric surveys and theGaiamission Data Release 2, we compiled an updated catalogue of the known hot subdwarf stars. The catalogue contains 5874 unique sources including 528 previously unknown hot subdwarfs and provides multi-band photometry, astrometry fromGaia, and classifications based on spectroscopy and colours. This new catalogue provides atmospheric parameters of 2187 stars and radial velocities of 2790 stars from the literature. Using colour, absolute magnitude, and reduced proper motion criteria, we identified 268 previously misclassified objects, most of which are less luminous white dwarfs or more luminous blue horizontal branch and main-sequence stars.
Sklerostin des Osteozyten – von der Expression zur klinischen Anwendung
Authors: Wölfel Eva Maria , Busse Björn , Jähn Katharina
Published: February 2020

Sklerostin ist ein sezerniertes Glykoprotein und ein Produkt des SOST-Gens, welches im Knochen vorranging von Osteozyten exprimiert wird und zu einer Inhibition der Osteoblasten-induzierten Knochenformation und damit zu einer reduzierten Knochenmasse führen kann. Im Gegensatz dazu induziert eine Funktionsdeletion des SOST-Gens einen High-bone-mass-Knochenphänotyp. Darüber hinaus wirkt Sklerostin auf den Osteozyten selbst, wodurch der Osteoklasten-gesteuerte Knochenabbau gefördert werden kann und die osteozytäre Osteolyse unterstützt wird. Die Sklerostin-Expression kann durch verschiedene Mechanismen beeinflusst werden und bildet aufgrund der anabolen Rolle in der Knochenformation einen potenziellen Behandlungsansatz. Der Sklerostin-Antikörper Romosozumab ist seit Anfang 2019 in Japan und den USA zugelassen, und es zeigen sich erste positive Ergebnisse bei der Behandlung postmenopausaler Osteoporose. Andere Studien präsentieren Daten zu Sklerostin-Serumwerten in Relation zu Frakturraten oder Erkrankungen wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2, lassen jedoch die Frage offen, ob sich Sklerostin als Biomarker in der Frakturrisikodiagnostik eignet.
Physikalische Therapie bei rheumatischen Erkrankungen – was gibt es an Evidenz?
Authors: Lange Uwe , Klemm Philipp , Dischereit Gabriel
Published: February 2020

Rheumatische Erkrankungen führen aufgrund ihres progredienten Verlaufs oft zu Einschränkungen der Funktionalität und Partizipation. Basierend hierauf ergibt sich eine elementare Indikation für den Einsatz physikalischer Therapieoptionen. Der vorliegende Artikel fokussiert auf den Stellenwert und die Bedeutung der physikalischen Therapie bei Rheumatikern und gibt einen Überblick über Grundlagen und therapeutische Möglichkeiten, Krankheitsfolgen, die Versorgungsrealität und zur vorhandenen Evidenz diverser Physiotherapeutika.
Physikalische Therapie bei systemischer Sklerose (Sklerodermie)
Authors: Küther Gerald
Published: February 2020

Die Physikalische Therapie bietet verschiedene Verfahren zur Behandlung unterschiedlicher Symptome der systemischen Sklerose (Sklerodermie) an. Einzelne randomisiert-kontrollierte Studien konnten zeigen, dass mit der manuellen Lymphdrainage eine Ödemreduktion und verbesserte Handfunktion zu erzielen war und mit der Bindegewebsmassage in Verbindung mit Techniken der manuellen Therapie eine verbesserte Gelenkbeweglichkeit und Handfunktion. Sogar mit Selbstübungsprogrammen für Dehnübungen konnte eine verbesserte Beweglichkeit im Finger- und orofazialen Bereich erreicht werden. Widersprüchliche Befunde liegen zur Wirkung von Paraffinbädern vor. Keine randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien sind bisher zur Wirkung von CO2-Bädern bei der Sklerodermie bekannt, obwohl eine verbesserte kapilläre Perfusion in den Extremitäten auch bei dieser Erkrankung nachweisbar war. Vielversprechend sind erste Befunde zur Wirkung eines aeroben Trainings auf die periphere Mikrozirkulation, die auf die Möglichkeit einer nicht nur symptomatischen, sondern auch in den Pathomechanismus der Vaskulopathie eingreifenden Therapie bei der systemischen Sklerose hinweisen.
Untersuchung von Aktivierungsmustern posturaler Muskulatur durch Fazilitation über die Hände „Hands Induced Posture“ (HIP) mittels O-EMG- Teil 1: Prüfung der Reliabilitätswerte der Versuchsanordnung
Authors: Best Stefanie , Anders Christoph , Best Norman
Published: February 2020

Hintergrund Für die Fazilitation der Rumpfmuskulatur über die Hände (engl.: hands induced posture, HIP) liegt noch kein Wirkungsnachweis vor. Dieser soll nun erbracht werden. Zuvor sind Untersuchungen zur Reliabilität notwendig.

Methoden Mittels Oberflächen-Elektromyografie (O-EMG) wurden 15 Muskelpaare auf ihre Aktivierung bei gesunden Erwachsenen geprüft. Initial erfolgte die Berechnung der Intraklassenkorrelationskoeffizienten für Ausgangsstellung und Übphase.

Ergebnisse 2 Muskeln zeigen für die Ausgangsstellung keine akzeptablen ICC-Werte. Für alle anderen konnten beachtliche bzw. fast vollkommene Wiederholbarkeit nachgewiesen werden. Alle OEMG-Ableitungen während der Übphase zeigten Korrelationswerte > 0,6, die meisten >0,8.

Diskussion Die OEMG-Ableitung im Rahmen der „HIP“ eignet sich für den Wirkungsnachweis, ähnlich wie bei anderen OEMG-Untersuchungen. Die Ableitung in der Ausgangsstellung zeigte sich für 2 Muskeln nur eingeschränkt wiederholbar. Möglicherweise ist die Diskrepanz durch einen Fazilitations- oder Ermüdungsvorgang während der Messung oder eine inkonstante Beanspruchung dieser Muskeln beim Stehen zu erklären.

Schlussfolgerung Weitere Untersuchungen zur klinischen Anwendung können mittels OEMG erfolgen.
Cascade Reactions to Substituted 1H-Pyrrole-3-carbonitriles via Ligand-Free Palladium(II)-Catalyzed C(sp)–C(sp2) Coupling
Authors: Zhang Guolin , Yu Yongping , Wang Zijuan , Chen Wenteng , Luo Haofan , He Chang
Published: February 2020

An efficient and simple synthesis of substituted 1H-pyrrole-3-carbonitriles was developed. This reaction is a palladium(II)-catalyzed cascade of C(sp)–C(sp2) coupling followed by intramolecular C–N bond formation. The method can tolerate various substrates with satisfactory yields. Its ligand-free conditions and high efficiency make this method particularly attractive.
Synthesis of Tryptophan–Folate Conjugates
Authors: Oisaki Kounosuke , Kanai Motomu , Maruyama Katsuya , Malawska Katarzyna Joanna , Konoue Natsuki
Published: February 2020

A mild protocol for the synthesis of folate–peptide/protein conjugates targeting tryptophan residues is described. This synthetic protocol is advantageous for homogeneous conjugation of chemically sensitive folates to biomolecules, with potential applications in cancer therapy and diagnostics.
Bacterial Spectrum of Acute Otitis Media in Bulgarian Children during the 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era
Authors: Setchanova Lena , Stancheva Iglika , Popova Diana , Alexandrova Alexandra , Mitov Ivan
Published: February 2020

Objective The 10-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV10) was introduced in Bulgaria for universal childhood vaccination in 2010. The objective of this study was to describe bacterial pathogens responsible for acute otitis media (AOM) in children in the era of routine PCV10 immunization.

Materials and Methods Middle ear fluid (MEF)/otorrhea or nasopharyngeal specimens were collected between May 2012 and April 2017 from 425 children aged < 12 years diagnosed with AOM; 71.5% of them were vaccinated. Capsular types of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae and antimicrobial nonsusceptibility were determined.

Results Among 240 children with “severe” AOM, the studied specimens were MEF/otorrhea, and a total of 132 (55.0%) children were culture-positive. The most frequently identified bacteria were S. pyоgenes (31.1%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (21.2%), S. pneumoniae (20.4%), and nontypeable H. influenzae (12.1%). Among 185 nasopharyngeal specimens obtained from children at the onset of a “mild” AOM episode, 67.0% were culture-positive for otopathogens. The most common pathogens were S. pneumoniae (41.9%), followed by H. influenzae (25.8%), Moraxella catarrhalis (23.4%), and S. pyоgenes (14.5%), alone or in combinations. Among children with pneumococcal AOM (79), PCV10 serotypes (VTs) were 21.5%. A high prevalence (50%) of nonvaccine serotypes 3 (14), 19A (11), and 6C (7) was found among vaccinated children. Rates of nonsusceptibility of S. pneumoniae to penicillin, amoxicillin and erythromycin, and of multidrug resistance, were 51.2, 10.1, 51.2, and 51.2, respectively. The rate of ampicillin-non-susceptibility in H. influenzae was 25%. All M. catarrhalis isolates were β-lactamase producers, and 32.2% of S. pyogenes were erythromycin-resistant.

Conclusion Following implementation of PCV10, S. pyogenes was the most prevalent pathogen in children with “severe” AOM. Numbers of S. pneumoniae recovered from MEF/otorrhea significantly decreased, as did the overall proportion of VTs among AOM patients. Streptococcus pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis were the most commonly found pathogens in the nasopharynx of children with less severe AOM episodes.
Zentrallagerplanung: Veränderte Versorgungsstrukturen erfordern neue Logistikprozesse
Authors: Moll Beate , Wibbeling Sebastian
Published: February 2020

Entwicklungen innerhalb der Krankenhauslogistik ziehen Veränderungen der Versorgungsstrukturen und damit auch Reorganisationen im Logistikzentrum eines Krankenhauses mit sich. Hierzu zählt auch, das Logistikcenter mit passender Technik zu betreiben und zu gewährleisten, dass die zu beliefernden Materialien zum richtigen Zeitpunkt beim Kunden (der Station) ankommen. Hierbei gibt es viele Stellschrauben von der Optimierung der Versorgungsfrequenz, über die Lageroptimierung bis hin zur effizienten Routenplanung sowohl außerhalb als auch innerhalb des Krankenhauses.
Balanced Scorecards: Tue Gutes und rede darüber
Authors: Schlüchtermann Jörg , Bächer Franziska
Published: February 2020

Neben finanziellen Zielen gibt es viele nicht monetäre Unternehmensziele, auf die der Einkäufer Einfluss nimmt. Zur strategischen Steuerung braucht es Kennzahlensysteme, die mit Ursache-Wirkungs-Beziehungen arbeiten. Das derzeit bekannteste Konzept einer Erfolgsmessung ist die Balanced Scorecard. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie mit einfachen Mitteln ein Einsatz dieses populären Controlling-Instruments im Klinikeinkauf möglich wird.
Autonome Reinigungslösungen: Mensch-Maschine-Kollaboration: Bedrohung oder Chance?
Authors: Heidemann Manuel , Weißmantel Udo
Published: February 2020

Die Frage, wie künstliche Intelligenz unser privates und berufliches Leben verändert, ob sie die menschliche Arbeit bereichert oder mit ihr konkurriert, beschäftigt uns im digitalen Zeitalter mehr denn je. Werden unzählige Arbeitsplätze gefährdet oder werden unsere limitierten menschlichen Ressourcen und Kapazitäten unterstützt?
Energiebeschaffung Für Krankenhäuser: Klimaschutz, Energiewende und technische Innovationen
Authors: Baltus Marc , Woltering Tobias
Published: February 2020

Die kostengünstige Beschaffung von Energie ist für Unternehmen mit größeren Verbräuchen ein wesentlicher Faktor für die Gesamtwirtschaftlichkeit. Der Beitrag zeigt unter anderem die Unterschiede zwischen Energieeinkauf und Eigenerzeugungsmodellen auf. Zudem geht es auch um die Nachhaltigkeit der Versorgung, die Nutzung innovativer Technologien und die Einhaltung energieregulatorischer Vorgaben.
Labordiagnostik: Mit Gewebe, DNA und Körperflüssigkeiten der Diagnose auf der Spur
Authors: Jetter Nina
Published: February 2020

Das Labor ist eine zentrale Einrichtung für alle klinischen Fachabteilungen. Die Laboruntersuchungen unterstützen u. a. die Patientendiagnose, die Überwachung von Therapiemaßnahmen, das Medikamenten-Monitoring und helfen bei der frühzeitigen Erkennung von Krankheiten.
Experimental study on the effects of airflow, magnetic field and combination of airflow with magnetic field on nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge in atmospheric air
Authors: Guo Hongfei , Xu Yongfeng , Wang Yuying , Ren Chunsheng
Published: February 2020

An experimental study of the effects of airflow, magnetic field, and combination of airflow with magnetic field on a nanosecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) in atmospheric air is presented. The DBD is generated by an in-house designed DBD structure (a metal rod is inserted into the traditional parallel-plate DBD). The experimental results show that the application of airflow to the DBD can reinforce discharge and improve the discharge uniformity. When airflow increases to a certain velocity, surface discharge can transform into diffuse volume discharge. Moreover, the application of a magnetic field to DBD in static air can also enhance discharge, which is manifested as the enhancement of surface discharge. A similar but more significant effect is obtained in DBD combined airflow with magnetic field. Compared with the DBD with airflow only, the transition from surface discharge to diffuse volume discharge in DBD combined airflow with magnetic field occurs at a smaller airflow velocity. Besides, DBD combined airflow with magnetic field under different pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) is also investigated. The results show that the minimum velocity required to generate diffuse volume discharge also shrinks with the decrease in PRF. In short, it is easier to generate diffuse volume discharge under the conditions of airflow, magnetic field, and lower PRF. The underlying physical mechanism of the above phenomena is discussed and mainly ascribed to the enhanced ionization by applying airflow, magnetic field, and lower PRF.
Synchronous and asynchronous dynamics of the concerted three-body dissociations of temporary negative ion CH2F2−
Authors: Gao Xiao-Fei , Li Hao , Meng Xin , Xie Jing-Chen , Tian Shan Xi
Published: February 2020

Molecular concerted three-body dissociation is a fast process, but still can be classified into synchronous and asynchronous pathways. It is challenging in experiments to evaluate different contributions of the aforementioned mechanisms. Here, we report an experimental identification of the synchronous and asynchronous concerted three-body dissociations of temporary negative ion CH2F2− at an electron–molecule resonant state formed by electron attachment. The synchronous–asynchronous branching ratios indicate that the asynchronous process is predominant although the synchronous contribution is slightly enhanced with the increase in the electron attachment energy. This study provides two intuitive pictures of the concerted three-body dissociations, in particular for the nonequivalent-bond cleavages of a polyatomic molecule.
On-chip optical spectrometer based on GaN wavelength-selective nanostructural absorbers
Authors: Sarwar Tuba , Cheekati Srinivasa , Chung Kunook , Ku Pei-Cheng
Published: February 2020

A spectrometer concept based on wavelength-selective semiconductor photodiodes is proposed and demonstrated. The absorption properties of individual photodiodes were tuned via local strain engineering in nanostructured InGaN/GaN. By varying the diameters of individual nanopillars, the cutoff wavelengths of absorption were varied across the chip. The intrinsic wavelength selectivity is insensitive to the incident angle of light. The top-down fabrication process shown in this work is also compatible with scalable manufacturing. A proof-of-concept spectrometer was demonstrated based on 14 photodiodes, without any external optics or spectral filtering components, in the wavelength range of 450–590 nm. Using a non-negative least squares algorithm enhanced by orthogonal matching pursuit, the spectrum of a test light source was reconstructed.
Constrained nuclear-electronic orbital density functional theory: Energy surfaces with nuclear quantum effects
Authors: Xu Xi , Yang Yang
Published: February 2020

The nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) framework enables the incorporation of nuclear quantum effects by treating both electrons and specific key nuclei quantum-mechanically. The conventional NEO method predicates on the controversial Born–Oppenheimer separation between classical and quantum nuclei, and its potential energy surface only depends on the coordinates of classical nuclei. In this paper, based on the fact that quantum nuclei are relatively localized, we develop the constrained nuclear-electronic orbital density functional theory (cNEO-DFT) by imposing a constraint on the expectation value of the quantum nuclear position. In this way, an extended NEO energy surface is obtained, which also depends on the quantum nuclear position. Compared to the potential energy surface obtained from conventional DFT, the extended NEO energy surface incorporates the nuclear quantum effects, which have notable impacts on the energy profile. Furthermore, cNEO-DFT can facilitate the location of NEO stationary states. It potentially can be used in geometry optimization, transition states search, and the calculation of reaction dynamics.
Generalized spin mapping for quantum-classical dynamics
Authors: Runeson Johan E. , Richardson Jeremy O.
Published: February 2020

We recently derived a spin-mapping approach for treating the nonadiabatic dynamics of a two-level system in a classical environment [J. E. Runeson and J. O. Richardson, J. Chem. Phys. 151, 044119 (2019)] based on the well-known quantum equivalence between a two-level system and a spin-1/2 particle. In the present paper, we generalize this method to describe the dynamics of N-level systems. This is done via a mapping to a classical phase space that preserves the SU(N)-symmetry of the original quantum problem. The theory reproduces the standard Meyer–Miller–Stock–Thoss Hamiltonian without invoking an extended phase space, and we thus avoid leakage from the physical subspace. In contrast to the standard derivation of this Hamiltonian, the generalized spin mapping leads to an N-dependent value of the zero-point energy parameter that is uniquely determined by the Casimir invariant of the N-level system. Based on this mapping, we derive a simple way to approximate correlation functions in complex nonadiabatic molecular systems via classical trajectories and present benchmark calculations on the seven-state Fenna–Matthews–Olson light-harvesting complex. The results are significantly more accurate than conventional Ehrenfest dynamics, at a comparable computational cost, and can compete in accuracy with other state-of-the-art mapping approaches.
Cascades of unfolding transitions in amphiphilic molecular brushes
Authors: Ivanova Anna S. , Mikhailov Ivan V. , Polotsky Alexey A. , Darinskii Anatoly A. , Birshtein Tatiana M. , Borisov Oleg V.
Published: February 2020

Using a combination of self-consistent field theory with coarse-grained Brownian dynamics simulations, we studied mechanical unfolding of an amphiphilic molecular brush in a solvent that was poor for the side chains but good for the main chain of the brush. In striking contrast to earlier theoretical predictions [O. V. Borisov and A. Halperin, Europhys. Lett. 34, 657 (1996)] made for amphiphilic graft copolymers, we discovered that in a partially unfolded molecular brush, a globular core co-exists, at equilibrium, with a necklace of smaller sized intra-molecular micelles, each comprising a few side chains connected by stretched main chain strands (bridges). A progressive increase in the main chain end-to-end distance of the brush triggers a sequence of discrete events of generation of new intramolecular micelles, giving rise to a sawtooth pattern in the restoring force–deformation curve.
Geometry optimization using Gaussian process regression in internal coordinate systems
Authors: Meyer Ralf , Hauser Andreas W.
Published: February 2020

Locating the minimum energy structure of molecules, typically referred to as geometry optimization, is one of the first steps of any computational chemistry calculation. Earlier research was mostly dedicated to finding convenient sets of molecule-specific coordinates for a suitable representation of the potential energy surface, where a faster convergence toward the minimum structure can be achieved. More recent approaches, on the other hand, are based on various machine learning techniques and seem to revert to Cartesian coordinates instead for practical reasons. We show that the combination of Gaussian process regression with those coordinate systems employed by state-of-the-art geometry optimizers can significantly improve the performance of this powerful machine learning technique. This is demonstrated on a benchmark set of 30 small covalently bonded molecules.
Calf loss in northern Australia: a systematic review
Authors: Chang Anita Z. , Swain David L. , Trotter Mark G.
Published: February 2020

Calf mortality is a key issue for the north Australian beef industry; however, the sector faces several challenges that preclude the detection and reduction of calf mortality rates. A systematic literature review methodology was employed to explore scientific literature describing the scope of calf loss in northern Australia. Online databases were used to locate articles reporting on beef calf mortality rates within the north Australian region. Articles (n=43) consisting of 668 beef cattle cohorts were retrieved that reported calf mortality between 1936 and 2014. Of these, 13 different observation periods were identified. Most cohorts (n=201) examined mortality between the pregnancy to weaning period, whereas only 20 cohorts in four studies were located that investigated calf mortality in the perinatal and postnatal periods. A broad seasonal and regional influence was identified, however, the dilution of the datasets due to the high number of timeline variations, prevented robust statistical analysis and the further examination of influential factors, such as breed. The results of the systematic literature review indicate that the resolution of the data available does not allow for producers or researchers to accurately target the occurrence or cause of calf mortality. Experimental protocols for future research pertaining to reproductive efficiency and calf loss in northern Australia should be standardised. Consistency in reporting factors and periods must first occur for robust statistical analyses to be achieved.
现代汉语常用文言虚词的语块教学
Authors: Liu Yu
Published: February 2020

抽象

现代汉语中保留了许多文言成分，文言虚词的使用是现代汉语书面语体的重要特征之一，不仅让语言表达更为书面，也能够使语言表达更典雅。本文对两组面对汉语二语学习者的词表进行统计，总结出现代汉语中二语学习者需要掌握的常用文言虚词。并提出应重视对现代汉语中的常用文言虚词进行系统性的教学和训练，文言虚词的教学不应局限于词语本身，而需要进行联系和拓展，从词素、词，到词语搭配、固定结构，多层面地为学习者展现文言虚词的用法，进行语块教学。本文在语料库分析的基础上，总结了常用文言虚词的常见语块，包括词语搭配、实词和虚词组合的固定结构、框架结构及话语标记语等类型，并讨论了如何培养学习者的语块学习意识、加强对语块的正确使用、促进对语块语体特征的理解以及引导学习者输出语块四个方面的教学操作问题，以期为汉语作为第二语言的教学和教材编写提供参考｡
In-situ observation of microcrack evolution in a dual-phase steel during tensile straining
Authors: Chen Bin , Lu Tianfeng , Yin Kaiyang , Sun Bingyi , Dong Qing , Wang Xiaodong
Published: February 2020

In this paper, the microcrack evolution in DP590 dual-phase steel was observed by in-situ straining in straining transmission electron microscopy. It was found that a void initiated ahead of a main crack. After the load was applied, a thinned area was nucleated ahead of the void tip, and it grew gradually into shallow nanovoid, penetrating nanovoid, and then new void. Meanwhile, the old void connected with the main crack. The repetitions of the procedures resulted in the continuous propagation of a crack. Interaction between microcracks was observed. The propagation direction of one microcrack may change, affected by other microcracks. Voids were observed between microcracks and have a significant effect on the coalescence of microcracks.
Caveolae and lipid sorting: Shaping the cellular response to stress
Authors: Parton Robert G. , Kozlov Michael M. , Ariotti Nicholas
Published: February 2020

Caveolae are an abundant and characteristic surface feature of many vertebrate cells. The uniform shape of caveolae is characterized by a bulb with consistent curvature connected to the plasma membrane (PM) by a neck region with opposing curvature. Caveolae act in mechanoprotection by flattening in response to increased membrane tension, and their disassembly influences the lipid organization of the PM. Here, we review evidence for caveolae as a specialized lipid domain and speculate on mechanisms that link changes in caveolar shape and/or protein composition to alterations in specific lipid species. We propose that high membrane curvature in specific regions of caveolae can enrich specific lipid species, with consequent changes in their localization upon caveolar flattening. In addition, we suggest how changes in the association of lipid-binding caveolar proteins upon flattening of caveolae could allow release of specific lipids into the bulk PM. We speculate that the caveolae-lipid system has evolved to function as a general stress-sensing and stress-protective membrane domain.
Analytic solutions for parallel transport along generic bound geodesics in Kerr spacetime
Authors: van de Meent Maarten
Published: February 2020

We provide analytical closed form solutions for the parallel transport along a bound geodesic in Kerr spacetime. This can be considered the lowest order approximation for the motion of a spinning black hole in an extreme mass-ratio inspiral. As an illustration of the usefulness of our new found expressions we scope out the locations of spin–spin resonances in quasi-circular EMRIs. All solutions are given as functions of Mino time, which facilitates the decoupling of the equations of motion. To help physical interpretation, we also provide an analytical expression for the proper time along a geodesic as a function of Mino time.
Finite groups of rank two which do not involve 𝑄𝑑(𝑝)
Authors: ir Kızmaz Muhammet Yası̇r , Yalçın Ergün
Published: February 2020

Let

p
>
3

p>3

be a prime. We show that if

G
G

is a finite group with

p
p

-rank equal to two, then

G
G

involves

Qd

(
p
)

\text {Qd}{(p)}

if and only if

G
G

p
′

p’

-involves

Qd

(
p
)

\text {Qd}{(p)}

. This allows us to use a version of Glauberman’s ZJ-theorem to give a more direct construction of finite group actions on mod-

p
p

homotopy spheres. We give an example to illustrate that the above conclusion does not hold for

p
≤
3

p \leq 3

.
Planar algebras associated to Latin squares are of subgroup-group-type
Authors: Kodiyalam Vijay , Murali Sruthy
Published: February 2020

Latin squares naturally yield planar subalgebras of the spin planar algebra. We show that all of these are of subgroup-group-type.
Tropical counting from asymptotic analysis on Maurer-Cartan equations
Authors: Chan Kwokwai , Ma Ziming Nikolas
Published: February 2020

Let

X
=

X
Σ

X = X_\Sigma

be a toric surface and let

(

X
ˇ

,
W
)

(\check {X}, W)

be its Landau-Ginzburg (LG) mirror where

W
W

is the Hori-Vafa potential as shown in their preprint. We apply asymptotic analysis to study the extended deformation theory of the LG model

(

X
ˇ

,
W
)

(\check {X}, W)

, and prove that semi-classical limits of Fourier modes of a specific class of Maurer-Cartan solutions naturally give rise to tropical disks in

X
X

with Maslov index 0 or 2, the latter of which produces a universal unfolding of

W
W

. For

X
=

P

2

X = \mathbb {P}^2

, our construction reproduces Gross’ perturbed potential

W
n

W_n

[Adv. Math. 224 (2010), pp. 169–245] which was proven to be the universal unfolding of

W
W

written in canonical coordinates. We also explain how the extended deformation theory can be used to reinterpret the jumping phenomenon of

W
n

W_n

across walls of the scattering diagram formed by Maslov index 0 tropical disks originally observed by Gross in the same work (in the case of

X
=

P

2

X = \mathbb {P}^2

).
On singular vortex patches, II: Long-time dynamics
Authors: Elgindi Tarek , Jeong In-Jee
Published: February 2020

In a companion paper [arXiv:1903.00833], we gave a detailed account of the well-posedness theory for singular vortex patches. Here, we discuss the long-time dynamics of some of the classes of vortex patches we showed to be globally well-posed in the above-mentioned paper. In particular, we give examples of time-periodic behavior, cusp formation in infinite time at an exponential rate, and spiral formation in infinite time.
Subgroup distortion of 3-manifold groups
Authors: Nguyen Hoang , Sun Hongbin
Published: February 2020

In this paper, we compute the subgroup distortion of all finitely generated subgroups of all finitely generated

3
3

-manifold groups, and the subgroup distortion in this case can only be linear, quadratic, exponential and double exponential. It turns out that the subgroup distortion of a subgroup of a

3
3

-manifold group is closely related to the separability of this subgroup.
Investigation of ward fidelity to a multicomponent delirium prevention intervention during a multicentre, pragmatic, cluster randomised, controlled feasibility trial
Authors: Smith Jane , Green John , Siddiqi Najma , Inouye Sharon K , Collinson Michelle , Farrin Amanda , Young John
Published: February 2020

Background

delirium is a frequent complication of hospital admission for older people and can be reduced by multicomponent interventions, but implementation and delivery of such interventions is challenging.

Objective

to investigate fidelity to the prevention of delirium system of care within a multicentre, pragmatic, cluster randomised, controlled feasibility trial.

Setting

five care of older people and three orthopaedic trauma wards in eight hospitals in England and Wales.

Data collection

research nurse observations of ward practice; case note reviews and examination of documentation.

Assessment

10 health care professionals with experience in older people’s care assessed the fidelity to 21 essential implementation components within four domains: intervention installation (five items; maximum score = 5); intervention delivery (12 items; maximum score = 48); intervention coverage (three items; maximum score = 16); and duration of delivery (one item; maximum score = 1).

Results

the mean score (range) for each domain was: installation 4.5 (3.5–5); delivery 32.6 (range 27.3–38.3); coverage 7.9 (range 4.2–10.1); and duration 0.38 (0–1). Of the 10 delirium risk factors, infection, nutrition, hypoxia and pain were the most and cognitive impairment, sensory impairment and multiple medications the least consistently addressed. Overall fidelity to the intervention was assessed as high (≥80%) in two wards, medium (51–79%) in five wards and low (≤50%) in one ward.

Conclusion

the trial was designed as a pragmatic evaluation, and the findings of medium intervention fidelity are likely to be generalisable to delirium prevention in routine care and provide an important context to interpret the trial outcomes.
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat Intake in Relation to Head and Neck, Esophageal, and Gastric Cancer Incidence in the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study
Authors: Zamani Shawn A , McClain Kathleen M , Graubard Barry I , Liao Linda M , Abnet Christian C , Cook Michael B , Petrick Jessica L
Published: February 2020

Recent epidemiologic studies have examined the association of fish consumption with upper gastrointestinal cancer risk, but the associations with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) subtypes remain unclear. Using the National Institutes of Health–AARP Diet and Health Study (United States, 1995–2011), we prospectively investigated the associations of PUFA subtypes, ratios, and fish with the incidence of head and neck cancer (HNC; n = 2,453), esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA; n = 855), esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (n = 267), and gastric cancer (cardia: n = 603; noncardia: n = 631) among 468,952 participants (median follow-up, 15.5 years). A food frequency questionnaire assessed diet. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression. A Benjamini-Hochberg (BH) procedure was used for false-discovery control. Long-chain n-3 PUFAs were associated with a 20% decreased HNC and EA risk (for HNC, quintile5 vs. 1 hazard ratio = 0.81, 95% confidence interval: 0.71, 0.92, and BH-adjusted Ptrend = 0.001; and for EA, quintile5 vs. 1 hazard ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval: 0.64, 0.98, and BH-adjusted Ptrend = 0.1). Similar associations were observed for nonfried fish but only for high intake. Further, the ratio of long-chain n-3:n-6 was associated with a decreased HNC and EA risk. No consistent associations were observed for gastric cancer. Our results indicate that dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA and nonfried fish intake are associated with lower HNC and EA risk.
Risk exposure trade-offs in the ontogeny of sexual segregation in Antarctic fur seal pups
Authors: Jones Kayleigh A , Wood Hannah , Ashburner Jonathan P , Forcada Jaume , Ratcliffe Norman , Votier Stephen C , Staniland Iain J
Published: February 2020

Sexual segregation has important ecological implications, but its initial development in early life stages is poorly understood. We investigated the roles of size dimorphism, social behavior, and predation risk on the ontogeny of sexual segregation in Antarctic fur seal, Arctocephalus gazella, pups at South Georgia. Beaches and water provide opportunities for pup social interaction and learning (through play and swimming) but increased risk of injury and death (from other seals, predatory birds, and harsh weather), whereas tussock grass provides shelter from these risks but less developmental opportunities. One hundred pups were sexed and weighed, 50 on the beach and 50 in tussock grass, in January, February, and March annually from 1989 to 2018. Additionally, 19 male and 16 female pups were GPS-tracked during lactation from December 2012. Analysis of pup counts and habitat use of GPS-tracked pups suggested that females had a slightly higher association with tussock grass habitats and males with beach habitats. GPS-tracked pups traveled progressively further at sea as they developed, and males traveled further than females toward the end of lactation. These sex differences may reflect contrasting drivers of pup behavior: males being more risk prone to gain social skills and lean muscle mass and females being more risk averse to improve chances of survival, ultimately driven by their different reproductive roles. We conclude that sex differences in habitat use can develop in a highly polygynous species prior to the onset of major sexual size dimorphism, which hints that these sex differences will increasingly diverge in later life.