bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaging the Inner Astronomical Unit of the Herbig Be Star HD 190073
Authors: Ibrahim Nour , Monnier John D. , Kraus Stefan , Le Bouquin Jean-Baptiste , Anugu Narsireddy , Baron Fabien , Brummelaar Theo Ten , Davies Claire L. , Ennis Jacob , Gardner Tyler , Labdon Aaron , Lanthermann Cyprien , Mérand Antoine , Rich Evan , Schaefer Gail H. , Setterholm Benjamin R.
Published: April 2023

The inner regions of protoplanetary disks host many complex physical processes such as star–disk interactions, magnetic fields, planet formation, and the migration of new planets. To study directly this region requires milliarcsecond angular resolution, beyond the diffraction limit of the world's largest optical telescopes and even too small for the millimeter-wave interferometer Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). However, we can use infrared interferometers to image the inner astronomical unit. Here, we present new results from the CHARA and VLTI arrays for the young and luminous Herbig Be star HD 190073. We detect a sub-astronomical unit (sub-AU) cavity surrounded by a ring-like structure that we interpret as the dust destruction front. We model the shape with six radial profiles, three symmetric and three asymmetric, and present a model-free image reconstruction. All the models are consistent with a near face-on disk with an inclination ≲20°, and we measure an average ring radius of 1.4 ± 0.2 mas (1.14 au). Around 48% of the total flux comes from the disk with 15% of that emission appearing to emerge from inside the inner rim. The cause of emission is still unclear, perhaps due to different dust grain compositions or gas emission. The skewed models and the imaging point to an off-center star, possibly due to binarity. Our image shows sub-AU structure, which seems to move between the two epochs inconsistently with Keplerian motion and we discuss possible explanations for this apparent change.
ASSIST: An Ephemeris-quality Test-particle Integrator
Authors: Holman Matthew J. , Akmal Arya , Farnocchia Davide , Rein Hanno , Payne Matthew J. , Weryk Robert , Tamayo Daniel , Hernandez David M.
Published: April 2023

We introduce ASSIST, a software package for ephemeris-quality integrations of test particles. ASSIST is an extension of the REBOUND framework and makes use of its IAS15 integrator to integrate test-particle trajectories in the field of the Sun, Moon, planets, and 16 massive asteroids, with the positions of the masses coming from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s DE441 ephemeris and its associated asteroid perturber file. The package incorporates the most significant gravitational harmonics and general-relativistic corrections. ASSIST also accounts for position- and velocity-dependent nongravitational effects. The first-order variational equations are included for all terms to support orbit fitting and covariance mapping. This new framework is meant to provide an open-source package written in a modern language to enable high-precision orbital analysis and science by the small-body community. ASSIST is open source, freely distributed under the GNU General Public license v3.0.
DNA barcoding data release for the Phoridae (Insecta, Diptera) of the Halimun-Salak National Park (Java, Indonesia)
Authors: Chimeno Caroline , Schmidt Stefan , Hamid Hasmiandy , Narakusumo Raden Pramesa , Peggie Djunijanti , Balke Michael , Cancian de Araujo Bruno
Published: April 2023

Launched in 2015, the large-scale initiative Indonesian Biodiversity Discovery and Information System (IndoBioSys) is a multidisciplinary German-Indonesian collaboration with the main goal of establishing a standardized framework for species discovery and all associated steps. One aspect of the project includes the application of DNA barcoding for species identification and biodiversity assessments. In this framework, we conducted a large-scale assessment of the insect fauna of the Mount Halimun-Salak National Park which is one of the largest tropical rain-forest ecosystems left in West Java. In this study, we present the results of processing 5,034 specimens of Phoridae (scuttle flies) via DNA barcoding. Despite limited sequencing success, we obtained more than 500 clusters using different algorithms (RESL, ASAP, SpeciesIdentifier). Moreover, Chao statistics indicated that we drastically undersampled all trap sites, implying that the true diversity of Phoridae is in fact much higher. With this data release, we hope to shed some light on the hidden diversity of this megadiverse group of flies.
Diversity of flesh flies (Sarcophagidae, Sarcophaginae) of pond habitats in rural areas in the Croatian part of Baranja
Authors: Krčmar Stjepan
Published: April 2023

The diversity of grey flesh flies (Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) from the Croatian part of Baranja was studied during 2019 to 2021, resulting in 37 species, of which the following are new for the area: Ravinia pernix (Harris, 1780); Sarcophaga (Het.) depressifrons Zetterstedt, 1845; S. (Het.) filia Rondani, 1860; S. (Het.) haemorrhoides Böttcher, 1913; S. (Het.) pumila Meigen, 1826; S. (Het.) vagans Meigen, 1826; S. (Lis.) dux Thomson, 1869; S. (Lis.) tuberosa Pandellé, 1896; S. (Meh.) sexpunctata (Fabricius, 1805); S. (Pan.) protuberans Pandellé, 1896; S. (Sar.) carnaria (Linnaeus, 1758); S. (Sar.) variegata (Scopoli, 1763), and S. (Pse.) spinosa Villeneuve, 1912. New locality records are provided for 25 species. Sarcophaga (Sar.) croatica Baranov, 1941 was the most abundant with 37%, followed by S. (Sar.) lehmanni Müller, 1922 (21%), and S. (Pas.) albiceps Meigen, 1826 (5%), making up 63% of all collected specimens. Most species (35) were collected in locality of Zmajevac, while the fewest (3) were collected in Bilje locality. During this study, S. (Pse.) spinosa was recorded in Croatia for the first time. Combined with previous records, 42 species of flesh flies have been recorded from Croatian Baranja, which comprise 27% of the flesh flies known to occur in Croatia. The total number of species of the family Sarcophagidae currently known in Croatia has increased to 156.
Recent updates in therapeutic approach using tolvaptan for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Kim Yaerim , Han Seungyeup
Published: April 2023

As a genetic disease, there has been a long-standing effort to identify therapeutic options for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Following the development of tolvaptan, a vasopressin 2 receptor antagonist, the treatment strategy for ADPKD patients with rapid disease progression has been changed with a disease-targeted approach. Tolvaptan showed significant efficacy in preserving kidney function and reducing the total kidney volume (TKV) growth rate. These effects were especially pronounced in patients with more severe clinical phenotypes, such as higher TKV and rapidly declining kidney function. Despite the therapeutic effects of tolvaptan, aquaretic symptoms are unavoidable side effects related to the mechanism of the drug and are also directly related to the quality of life. A shared decision-making process could be a valuable strategy for reducing the incidence of side effects and improving medication adherence. Herein, we aimed to review overall clinical trials for applying tolvaptan and suggest important factors during the shared decision-making process.
L’expérience esthétique à l’épreuve de l’égarement labyrinthique
Authors: Prince Justine
Published: April 2023

À partir d’une analyse du réinvestissement de la figure du labyrinthe dans l’exposition Natures mortes d’Anne Imhof (Palais de Tokyo, 22 mai – 24 octobre 2021), cet article se propose de montrer comment l’égarement labyrinthique exacerbe les traits caractéristiques de l’expérience esthétique. Il s’agit de mettre au jour la manière dont la déstabilisation de l’unité de l’expérience contribue paradoxalement à la mise en valeur de ses conditions de possibilité, pour donner lieu à une expérience réfléchie.
Adorno et l’expérience esthétique
Authors: Wezel Lucie
Published: April 2023

Cet article se propose d’analyser le thème de l’expérience esthétique à l’aune de la théorie esthétique de Theodor W. Adorno. Ce dernier réserve en effet une place cruciale à l’expérience esthétique des œuvres, afin d’aller à l’encontre de tout discours philosophique abstrait, idéaliste et universalisant sur l’art. À travers la confrontation des esthétiques de John Dewey et de Theodor W. Adorno, cet article entend clarifier les critères et le contenu d’une expérience esthétique réussie, ainsi que les conditions d’une émancipation par l’art.
L’enfance des inégalités
Authors: Lahire Bernard , Taïbi Nadia
Published: April 2023

Nous revenons dans cet échange sur l’ouvrage publié en 2019 aux éditions du Seuil : Enfances de Classe. De l’inégalité parmi les enfants . Il ressort de cette enquête, menée durant les années 2015-2016 et 2016-2017 par 17 sociologues, un constat saisissant : « ces enfants, qui sont tous en grande section à l’école maternelle, au même moment, dans la même société, ne vivent pas du tout les mêmes réalités ».
Measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter by Computed Tomography in the Pediatric Population: Normal Values
Authors: Akturk Yeliz , Simsir Begum Demirler , Hekimoğlu Baki
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

To determine the normal values of optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) by computed tomography (CT) in the pediatric population.

Methods:

The CT scans of pediatric patients aged 1 to 16 years who underwent brain CT for different reasons, who did not have intracranial pathology or increased intracranial pressure, and who had no pathology on CT were included in the study. Four age groups were defined with the following ranges: 1 to 2, 3 to 6, 7 to 10, and 11 to 16 years. ONSD was measured from axial CT images, 3 and 10 mm behind the optic globe.

Results:

The normative values of ONSD measured on CT imaging in children aged 1 to 16 years were reported. The change in ONSD according to age was investigated. ONSD was found to increase with age at both levels measured. The difference was statistically significant.

Conclusions:

Normal values should be known to detect pathologies that may cause an increase in optic nerve diameter. The values reported in this study can serve as a reference for normal optic nerve sheath diameter in the pediatric age group.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2024;61(1):38–43.]
Multiplicity of periodic solutions for weakly coupled parametrized systems with singularities
Authors: Wang Shuang , Liu Chunlian
Published: April 2023

We prove the existence of multiple periodic solutions for weakly coupled parametrized systems with a singularity of repulsive type at the origin and linear growth at infinity. The proof is based on a higher dimensional Poincaré-Birkhoff theorem and the phase-plane analysis of the solutions.
Leveraging ResNet and label distribution in advanced intelligent systems for facial expression recognition
Authors: Qu Zhenggeng , Niu Danying
Published: April 2023

With the development of AI (Artificial Intelligence), facial expression recognition (FER) is a hot topic in computer vision tasks. Many existing works employ a single label for FER. Therefore, the label distribution problem has not been considered for FER. In addition, some discriminative features can not be captured well. To overcome these problems, we propose a novel framework, ResFace, for FER. It has the following modules: 1) a local feature extraction module in which ResNet-18 and ResNet-50 are used to extract the local features for the following feature aggregation; 2) a channel feature aggregation module, in which a channel-spatial feature aggregation method is adopted to learn the high-level features for FER; 3) a compact feature aggregation module, in which several convolutional operations are used to learn the label distributions to interact with the softmax layer. Extensive experiments conducted on the FER+ and Real-world Affective Faces databases demonstrate that the proposed approach obtains comparable performances: 89.87% and 88.38%, respectively.
Impacts of Tourism Development in Developing Countries
Authors: Gonzo Faithfull
Published: April 2023

Tourism development has been viewed in terms of its contribution to economic growth. Thus, most developing countries have declared tourism as an important economic sector. Tourism is also envisaged to provide economic benefits to communities through the provision of employment. Due to the increase in tourist numbers, environmental changes to the natural resources have been a cause for concern to nations. Tourism stakeholders have incorporated environmental issues in their tourism development plans to ensure that the tourism products are sustainable, and communities are benefitting. For the communities to benefit from tourism development, the analysis of socio-cultural impacts has become of paramount importance. Governments have emphasised increasing tourism numbers to influence economic growth. The local community would then benefit from the tourism increase through multiplier effects. Thus, the chapter explores the impacts of tourism development in developing countries with a focus on Namibia as a developing country.
Prospects of Tea Tourism in India
Authors: Banerjee Shuvasree
Published: April 2023

The social shifts in Indian society towards tea are pervasive, and they are now being seen through tourism, where local tea customs, cultures, services, and attractions are part of several tourist activities. The delightful and enjoyable experience of tea tourism might pique visitors' interests. The chance to access all knowledge and experiences linked to tea is provided by tea tourism. In the context of global tourism, tea tourism is a relatively new specialty. By generating jobs and increasing the rural economy, the development of tea tourism would assist the area and lessen insurgency and other socioeconomic issues while also protecting the environment, heritage, and culture. In order to draw tourists and increase revenue, tea farms and the government are proposing to build more amenities inside the tea garden. In the tea garden, there are various homestays where visitors may stay and enjoy all the amenities.
A High-Performance Grid-Integrated Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) for Sustainable Energy Development
Authors: Kalifullah Abdul Hameed , Jeyaraj Thomas Thangam
Published: April 2023

The environmental problems such as global warming and contamination have prompted the usage of renewable energy sources (RES) as well as storage units in the modern power systems. Among several RES, the WECS is considered as a highly efficient system due to its numerous benefits such as ease of availability as well as pollution free. In this chapter, a switched-reluctance generator-based wind energy conversion system is proposed that reduces switching burdens in the grid and improves the average output power with reduced error. The system utilizes a DC-DC converter that generates improved efficiency with reduced switching stress thereby solving the problem of reverse voltage polarity. Further, an improved grey wolf optimization (GWO)-based PI controller is employed to reduce the error of mean power. The proposed approach is simulated as well as validated generating an enhanced efficiency of 98% and reduced THD of 2.2%. The obtained results clearly indicate a dynamic response with reduced harmonic content and low power factor that assures sustainable energy.
Factors Affecting Farm Income and Climate Adaptation Strategies in the Farming Sector of Gujarat State of India
Authors: Singh Ajay Kumar , Ashraf Shah Nawaz , Sharma Sandeep Kumar , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: April 2023

This study observed the effect of climatic factors, social-economic profile of agriculturists, appropriate technology, climate adaptation strategy (CAS), and development institutions on farm income Ha-1 in Gujarat using a log-linear regression model. Euler's theorem was used to observe the expected farm income Ha-1 by the years of 2040s, 2060s, 2080s, and 2100s. Logit and probit regression models were also employed to assess the CAS affecting factors. The results indicated that farm income Ha-1 decreases as marginal increase in climatic variables. The results based on Euler's theorem showed that farm income Ha-1 may decline by 12.01%, 17.22%, 22.80%, and 28.66% by the years of 2040s, 2060s, 2080s, and 2100s, respectively. It highlighted that farmers' CAS were significantly associated with family size, yearly income, total arable land, income from cash crops, financial support from government, agricultural development institutions, collaboration with different stakeholders, and skills and technical support from technology developers.
The Use of Alternative Fuels and Emission Control Methods for Compression Ignition Engines
Authors: Shaafi T. , Basha J. Sadhik , Kolawole Abidoye Luqman , Shankar V. Siva , Velmurugan G.
Published: April 2023

Diesel engines are widely used and have a lot of benefits, but they also contribute significantly to worldwide environmental pollution problems. Many regulations have recently been passed all over the world to minimize the emissions from diesel engines to protect the environment and people's health. Efforts are being made to reduce fossil fuel consumption and maximize the utilization of environmentally friendly alternative fuels and reduce the emissions from compression ignition engines. In this context, the standard emissions for diesel engines, pollutant emissions from diesel engines, the necessity for alternative fuels, various types of alternative fuels employed, and emission control techniques are all discussed in this chapter.
Spent Coffee Ground Briquettes
Authors: Srinivasan Gokul Raghavendra , Mahajan Aditya , Seth Rajiv , Mahajan Rakesh
Published: April 2023

Coffee is regarded as highly consumed beverage throughout the world and has established a key spot in the world economy as an important commodity for trading. In general, it is produced by brewing its roasted and ground beans, which release aromatic coffee as well as produce an equivalent amount of spent coffee grounds (SCG) as waste. In recent times, they are valorized into SCG briquettes owing to their high calorific value, which gained wide attention for supplying energy renewably, especially to the rising energy demand; and also have been identified as an effective measure to reduce their pollution. With this in mind, this chapter focuses on reviewing the availability and chemistry involved in these SCG wastes, pre-treatments, and preparations required for their briquetting, compacting techniques followed, and fuel characteristics of their briquettes, from various available works of literature. Eventually, all the reported data were in accordance with their permissible standards and suggested these SCG wastes as a highly renewable solid biofuel.
Applications of Deep Learning for Vehicle Detection Using Geospatial Data
Authors: Biswas Arghya , Garg Pradeep Kumar
Published: April 2023

This chapter details initially acquiring an open-source UAV dataset and creating a Google Earth dataset of vehicles, and creating the metadata for these images. Then training a deep learning object detection model, YOLOv4, to generate the best training weight files, having a very high mean average precision (mAP). It is the measure of how precisely the model is detecting the objects specified in the metadata of the validation dataset. The higher this value, the more accurate the model is, with the specific data it has been trained upon. Then deploying the model on various satellite data of certain areas like parking lots, toll booths, and roads, over a certain period of time, to count the number of vehicles in RGB images and from those images calculate factors like maximum capacity of parking lots, average vehicle density of roads, congestion rate in toll booths, length of congestion in toll booths, etc. The model trained on the UAV Dataset at various conditions of weather, daytime, and different resolutions are tested over other UAV Datasets and the trained weights are uploaded to GitHub for future use.
Emerging Trends in the Mapping of Contaminated Snow Using Hyperspectral Images and Field Spectra
Authors: Balla Vivek , Garg Pradeep Kumar
Published: April 2023

In this study, glaciers of the Patsio of Himachal Pradesh, India, are selected. The field spectra were collected for pure snow, contaminated snow, and adjacency factors using a Spectro-radiometer. Contaminants, like ash, coal, salt, sand, soil, wood, and metals are mixed with snow in the field in varying amounts (2.5g and 5g). Similarly, the spectra of green vegetation, vegetation covered with snow, wet grass, etc., were acquired. The authors also demonstrated the utility of AVRIS-NG hyperspectral data in linear spectral analysis to classify spectrally similar objects. The preliminary results from the linear unmixing technique for pure snow and its respective mixed components, like snow with debris, and frozen lakes are synchronized with the Google Earth imagery and are acclaimed for their validity. Contaminated snow analysis was done using the normalized difference snow index and S3-based snow indexes. Snow under vegetation and areas with snow cover could be mapped using both snow indexes.
What Drives the Levels of Digital Entrepreneurial Competencies of University Students?
Authors: Simović Vladimir M. , Domazet Ivana S.
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a methodological framework for assessing digital entrepreneurial competencies (DEC) of university students and to point out the importance of different socio-demographic, institutional, and contextual factors as drivers of DEC levels. The chapter provides a roadmap for measuring DEC levels of university students along with the detailed corresponding methodology. The preliminary results of the pilot study targeting the first competence area of the corresponding DEC framework (EmDigital) and conducted simultaneously in Kuwait and Serbia are also presented in this chapter, demonstrating the perceived DEC levels and exact DEC levels of university students in two countries. Those results indicate that different factors drive the DEC levels of university students. This is the first research of this kind in academic literature.
Female Entrepreneurs and Employees Among the Economy
Authors: Aydın Kenan , Kantarcı Tugba , Yildirim Seda
Published: April 2023

Female entrepreneurs and employees are so important for the economy. Especially, sustainable development encourages more female empowerment in the world. When considering the economic support of female entrepreneurs and employees for GDP in a specific country, the number of each female entrepreneur will be so valuable. On the other side, the sustainability of enterprises should also be considered. The Covid-19 pandemic affected many employees and entrepreneurs negatively, and the global economy has fallen into a big crisis. Rates of economic growth and employment all declined due to the Covid-19 crises globally. This study aims to explore female entrepreneurs and employees among Turkish economy by investigating recorded statistics for Covid-19 period and post-Covid-19 period in Türkiye. It is thought to give a brief framework for the importance of female entrepreneurs and employees for economic growth and also sustainable development.
Autonomous Navigation of Rovers Using ML and DL Techniques
Authors: Bhushan Megha , Singal Maanas , Layek Shirshendu , Negi Arun
Published: April 2023

The growth in the sector of autonomous robots in the field of transportation has increased since the 2000s. Improving the dynamics of a robot is a continuous process to tailor its user experience. This field involves the use of planetary and extra-terrestrial robots' (called rovers) autonomous navigation capabilities. It allows analysis of terrain irregularities, climate and weather monitoring, sample collection, etc. As rovers require a significant investment, therefore, it is essential that the rover performs autonomously according to the expectations while ensuring its own safety. It is achieved by the use of complex mathematical models, image analysis techniques, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models, and allowing execution of the required tasks efficiently. Further, it provides insight on various aspects of rovers' navigation such as intended missions of rover, ML and DL models, comparison in terms of precision and accuracy, merits, and demerits along with future scope.
Morpho-anatomical characterization, gene expression and protein cell wall modifications associated with natural finger drop in bananas
Authors: Rodrigues Marciene Amorim , Ferreira Claudia Fortes , Amorim Edson Perito , Santos Rogério Merces Ferreira , Martins Fabiano Machado , Ledo Carlos Alberto da Silva , Soares Taliane Leila , Santana José Raniere Ferreira de
Published: April 2023

Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the main fruits consumed worldwide. However, finger drop, is a physiological disorder that causes many postharvest problems, which eventually reduces market value and consumer acceptance. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the anatomical changes that occur in the pedicel rupture area (drop zone) of bananas diploids (BB França) and tetraploid (BRS Pioneira) in three ripening stages. The levels of gene expression involved in the natural ripening process and in the development of finger drop, was also investigated. The accumulation of their mRNAs and those of expansin (EXP1), pectate lyase (PEL1) and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase protein (XTH4) genes already isolated from bananas were measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction in three ripening stages. BB França presented a higher resistance to finger drop due to the presence of some specific morphoanatomical characteristics, such as larger parenchymal cells and greater deposition of lignin. In contrast, there was degeneration of the pedicel parenchymal tissue of the BRS Pioneira genotype, forming large empty spaces during the ripening of the fruits, mainly in stage 6, which contributed to the finger drop. The diploid BB França  is a strong candidate for use in  banana breeding programs aimed at fruit drop resistance. This will certainly improve the quality of banana varieties. Moreover, PEL1 proved to be an excellent candidate gene for functional studies of finger drop in bananas.
Ammonia volatilization and nitrogen status in second-season corn after lime and gypsum application in no-till
Authors: Minato Evandro Antonio , Besen Marcos Renan , Esper Neto Michel , Cassim Bruno Maia Abdo Rahmen , Zampar Éder Júnior de Oliveira , Inoue Tadeu Takeyoshi , Batista Marcelo Augusto
Published: April 2023

In no-till (NT), liming and urea fertilization are performed on the soil surface, which can increase nitrogen (N) losses via ammonia volatilization. On the basis of N fertilization management, gypsum application provides a promising alternative for improving N uptake by plants. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the N behavior loss by NH3-N volatilization, the soil pH at a depth of 0 – 0.05 m, leaf N content, and N uptake by second-season corn after lime and gypsum application in a Rhodic Ferralsol under NT. Overall, the treatments consisted of a 4 × 4 factorial arrangement with four lime rates (0, 2.6, 5.4, and 8.1 Mg ha-1) and four gypsum rates (0, 4, 8, and 12 Mg ha-1). During the study period, second-season corn was cultivated for two years and fertilized with urea, for which the N losses through ammonia volatilization, soil pH, leaf N content, and N uptake values were quantified. The losses through ammonia volatilization were subjected to nonlinear regression using a logistic model, and the other variables were subjected to linear regressions. The lime applied by broadcasting on the soil surface in the NT increased the pH of the topsoil and increased N losses via NH3-N volatilization in the second-season corn. Further, the N losses in the NT treated with lime accounted for 58% of the applied N, which increased by 2.3 to 2.5% for each Mg ha-1 of lime applied. Therefore, lime or gypsum application did not improve the status of N in second-season corn in soils with low acidity and no S deficiency.
Effect of light spectra on stem cutting rooting and lavender growth
Authors: Peçanha Diego Alves , Moro Peña José Ángel , Freitas Marta Simone Mendonça , Chourak Yasmina , Urrestarazu Miguel
Published: April 2023

French lavender (Lavandula dentata L.) is of great ornamental, medicinal, and aromatic interest. It is generally propagated vegetatively using stem cuttings. When using artificial lighting, a specific light composition can modify the entire plant phenology and is a factor that can be managed in controlled conditions. This study evaluated the rooting of stem cuttings and growth of lavender under four spectral LED lights. The LED lights used were: T0 (white LED, Roblan®), T1 (AP67 Milky, Valoya®), T2 (NS1, Valoya®), and T3 (AP673L Milky, Valoya®). The first phase evaluated the rooting of stem cuttings and initial development. The plants were then transferred to plastic pots to evaluate plant growth. In both rooting and growing phases, the plant morphological characteristics and water and light efficiencies were evaluated. Nutrient-uptake efficiencies were also evaluated after the growing phase. It was observed that cuttings rooted under the influence of T1 showed greater height. After the growing phase, plants under T3 showed better results in electricity use efficiency, water use efficiency, and nutrient-uptake efficiency and less nitrate leaching. They also presented more uniform growth with a compact canopy. Thus, T1 was better for the stem cuttings rooting phase, while T3 was better for growth and energy efficiency.
Yield prediction in banana (Musa sp.) using STELLA model
Authors: Silva Adelaide Cristielle Barbosa da , Oliveira Flávio Gonçalves , Braga Ricardo Nuno da Fonseca Garcia Pereira
Published: April 2023

To overcome the challenges encountered in banana cultivation, such as the high cost of production due to high water consumption by the banana plant, efficient management practices are being adopted. The use of agricultural forecasting techniques is an alternative that has been gaining attention in rural areas. One way to manage and improve agricultural productivity is the use of technologies that allow the monitoring of production. The implementation of computational tools as software to aid processes, such as irrigation management, is gradually taking up space in the agricultural sector.  In this light, herein, the present study aimed to develop a model using STELLA 8.0 software to estimate the growth and productivity of irrigated banana (Musa sp.). For this, the physiological processes and water demand were calculated using reference evapotranspiration (ET0) and culture evapotranspiration (ETc) in the first banana cycle for the climatic conditions of the Jaíba Project (Jaíba, Minas Gerais State, Brazil). The data of the climatic conditions were obtained from the National Institute of Meteorology. It was verified that the average monthly ET0 was 5.78 mm day-1. In addition, the water requirement of the plant corresponded to a blade equivalent to 65% of ET0. The verified productivity was 8.93 t ha-1, which is considered adequate for the simulated conditions. The model responded efficiently to the proposed application and was characterized as a prognostic tool of reality through simplified representation.
Accuracy of DRIS and CND methods and nutrient sufficiency ranges for soybean crops in the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Souza Henrique Antunes de , Rozane Danilo Eduardo , Vieira Paulo Fernando de Melo Jorge , Sagrilo Edvaldo , Leite Luiz Fernando Carvalho , Brito Lucelia Cássia Rodrigues de , Conceição Mariana Passos , Ferreira Ane Caroline Melo
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the nutrition of commercial soybean crops in an agricultural frontier region using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) and compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND) methods, as well as identify sufficiency ranges. The study was performed by collecting leaf samples (third trifoliate leaf without petiole) at flowering from commercial soybean crops in the states of Piauí and Maranhão, Brazil, and evaluating the crop yield by analyzing macro- and micronutrients in the plant tissue of 98 samples. The DRIS and CND methods were applied based on the cataloged data, followed by the generation of norms, analysis of relationships between yield and nutrients (selecting high-yield crops by the cumulative function of the data), generation of sufficiency ranges, and comparison of methods. The relationships obtained by the DRIS and CND indices with the yield and nutrients were significant, indicating that both methods can be employed for the evaluation of leaf nutrients in soybean. The sufficiency ranges from the DRIS and CND methods presented superior nutrient ranges in relation to the values proposed in the literature for macronutrients, except for nitrogen, and greater range amplitudes for micronutrients.
New evidence for in vitro conservation of nodal segments of the passion fruit ‘UENF Rio Dourado’ (Passiflora edulis Sims)
Authors: Generoso Andressa Leal , Carvalho Virginia Silva , Sales Roberta Aparecida , Brito Naiara Lopes , Viana Alexandre Pio , Pereira Telma Nair Santana
Published: April 2023

The germplasm of Passiflora L. is conserved through seed banks and field collections. Dormant seeds, seeds with low viability, and high-cost field collections make it difficult to maintain germplasm banks, and in vitro conservation can be a complementary alternative. The aim of this study was to investigate the survival of nodal segments of Passiflora edulis Sims ‘UENF Rio Dourado’ over 180 days of slow growth in vitro by reducing the mineral salt and sucrose concentrations and changing the incubation conditions (temperature and light intensity). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of two temperatures (20 ± 2°C and 27 ± 2°C), three concentrations of MSM mineral salts (100% MSM, 50% MSM, and 25% MSM), and three sucrose concentrations (10, 20, and 30 g L-1). Evaluations were performed at 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days for survival, number of leaves, and plant color (using a color scale where 1 = dark green, 2 = light green, and 3 = yellow). After 180 days of culture, mineral salt, sucrose concentration, and incubation temperature affected plant survival, regeneration, and acclimatization. During the 180 days, it was possible to slow the growth of nodal segments of passion fruit ‘UENF Rio Dourado’ in culture medium with 25% MSM mineral salts plus 10 g L-1 sucrose, at an average temperature of 20°C without compromising plant survival, regeneration, and acclimatization.
Centralized Predictive Analytics & Diagnostics (CPAD) Program
Authors: Al Hendi Mariam Abdulla , Al Alawai Faisal Masoud , Eisawy Shahin Abdelsamad , Al Abdouli Abdulla Omar
Published: April 2023

Major Rotating equipment assets availability and reliability is critical for oil and gas companies. Current practice to ensure high availability and reliability is carrying out fixed running hours based preventive maintenance, which then dictates the Plant shutdown intervals, and increase the operating cost.

Operational excellence, high efficiency and reliability, can be maintained and even enhanced further with latest digital technology enablers, Digital technology that uses advanced analytical and modeling techniques that understand equipment and operating behavior – to predict deviations in "optimal performance" versus "current performance" months ahead of time ("hidden" plant opportunities early identified).

The company in its pursuit to operation excellency has identified and deployed solutions to enhance efficiency, reliability, improve performance and reduce operating costs related to Major rotating equipment operation and maintenance (Centrifugal, screw & Reciprocating & Compressors, Gas turbines, Steam turbines, Pumps, Power turbine and turbo Expander). The solution installed, commissioned and operates Smart Predictive analytics & diagnostics solutions (CPAD) to monitor analysis, anomaly predict and assess the conditions of Major Rotating Equipment.

The Predictive diagnostics are based on modelling techniques coupled with machine learning algorithms deployed to achieve the early prediction of conditions and performance degradation causes & symptoms, ensures timely intervention by making small changes on line to prevent subsequent failures and extend the equipment remnant live, expand the planned shutdown intervals and reduce unplanned shutdowns.

The solution is a data-driven to leverage existing data and infrastructure, provide insights and actionable warnings on equipment performance, reliability and process problems using the existing instrumentation on any type of equipment or processes, regardless of equipment manufacturer or agnostic to equipment age or class.
Evaluation of Numerical Methodologies and Physical Effects on a Performance-Scaled Floating Offshore Wind Turbine Rotor
Authors: Bouman Gijs , Serraris Jorrit-Jan , Lim Chin Lee , Xing Xiuqing , Kang Chang Wei , Zhang Xiaoqin , Gopalan Harish , Nguyen Vinh Tan , Liu Xuan , S.G. Raghavan Venugopalan , Poh Chien Sheng , Yu Kai
Published: April 2023

Performing numerical simulations of a scaled-down experimental setup of a floating offshore wind turbine allows for a two-way validation between the two approaches. Furthermore, additional insight in the physical behavior of the system can be obtained by tuning numerical results on experimental measurements, and exploring the results. Numerical simulations of a 10MW floating offshore wind turbine model in a wave basin are performed at model scale using computational fluid dynamics. The performance-scaled turbine is designed to match the Froude-scaled thrust force in a Froude-scaled wind field. Initial results show a discrepancy in calculated turbine thrust and torque results compared with experimental results. Two main challenges are identified: (1) selecting a numerical approach appropriate for the low-Reynolds number flow, and (2) accurately modelling the environmental conditions in the basin. In this paper, a numerical sensitivity study is carried out by varying systematically the turbulence models and inflow conditions. A standard k − ε turbulence model is used, as well as a more extensive γ – Reθ turbulence transition model. Different inflow conditions are set up to model the turbulent jet wind field in the wave basin. It is found that the k-ε turbulence model is unsuitable to match the model test results, while satisfying results are obtained using the γ – Reθ model. Furthermore, it is seen that the turbulent jet inflow is represented well by both a vertical power law profile and a radial profile fitted to wind field measurements, while uniform and tabulated inflow conditions are a poor representation of the experimental conditions. It is concluded that effects from surface roughness, the Reynolds number, the inflow velocity and turbulence distribution must be included in the numerical evaluation.
US Feeder Solutions for Offshore Wind
Authors: Wang Suqin , Sreenivasan Atheendra , Saint James Michael , Yu Qing , Huang Wei , Voogt Arjan
Published: April 2023

Feeder vessels are one of the solutions being considered to facilitate Jones Act-compliant installation of offshore wind turbines on the US outer continental shelf (OCS). Feeder vessels transport wind turbine components from US ports to offshore locations and position next to an installation vessel, where the components are then lifted off using a crane on the installation vessel. The lifting operation is a highly critical and transient process. A successful lift depends on the lifting system's capability, the feeder vessel's performance, environmental conditions, operational processes and other factors.

In 2021, the National Offshore Wind Research and Development Consortium (NOWRDC) initiated Project #107, Comparative Operability of Floating Feeder Solutions, that was undertaken by MARIN, ABS and Saint James Marine. The project primarily entailed computer simulations of offshore wind turbine component lifts and the development of comparative operability assessment procedures for floating feeder solutions. Time domain simulations were used to model the lifting process and results were analyzed relating to wind turbine component accelerations, loads on the lifting system and the re-hit of wind turbine components with the feeder vessel. The study has demonstrated that the combination of time-domain analysis for lifting simulation and frequency-domain analysis for feeder vessel motions can be an effective approach to comparatively analyze a wide range of feeder solutions. Comparative weather downtime and seasonal utilization can also be effectively derived. This paper describes the development process of and provides recommendations for assessing the operability of offshore wind feeder vessels.
The King's Quay Project – A Best Practice Model to Deliver Major Offshore Projects Ahead of Schedule and Under Budget
Authors: Arciero Bryan Vincent , James Robert Clayton
Published: April 2023

The King's Quay facility was fabricated and commissioned in South Korea and installed in the Gulf of Mexico to receive production from the Khaleesi, Mormont and Samurai fields. A mixture of project and operations personnel were tasked with executing deliverables to ensure a successful progression from engineering, construction, commissioning and operations to ultimately achieve first oil in April 2022.

The facility design was based on an existing design already under operation, with modifications limited to improving safety and reliability and reducing emissions. The subsea umbilicals, risers and flowlines (SURF) contract was awarded to include mooring and installation work, minimizing interfaces and reducing risk exposure to the operator. Technical functions fell under one project delivery team, ensuring decisions were made based on the overall benefit to the project rather than individual disciplines. Operations were involved early on during the construction phase in South Korea, and took ownership to integrate improvements throughout the project lifecycle. Subsurface design allowed for a shift from single zone to commingled production to maximize net present value (NPV) and reduce well design complexity. SURF components were standardized as much as possible across all three fields to allow for flexibility during the installation phase.

Between the on-site construction team and a strong cohort of local inspectors, the facility left the shipyard on schedule and 97% complete, with minimal carry-over work in the Gulf of Mexico, and over 3.5 million work hours without a lost time incident. With the project team relying on industry-standard designs and best practices, they were able to optimize cost, schedule and functionality based on fit-for-purpose equipment designs. The flexibility of installation allowed the minimizing of simultaneous operations (SIMOPS) between pipelay and drilling activities. In the event of SIMOPS, communication protocols were established and strictly followed, minimizing non-productive time.

Murphy's King's Quay development achieved first oil in April 2022, less than three years after the project's final investment decision (FID). This paper will highlight the execution plan and lessons learned to maintain continuity through all phases of the project to deliver a facility and subsea infrastructure ahead of schedule while achieving 97% uptime, with production rates exceeding expectations within six months of start-up.
Energy Optimization for Dynamically Positioned Vessels through Closed Bus Operations
Authors: Breedlove Tyson R , Nguyen Peter Q , Hensley Michael
Published: April 2023

Increasing pressure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has led owners of dynamically positioned (DP) vessels to investigate new and innovative technologies and configurations that can optimize the energy utilization and fuel consumption. One such method is to operate the power plant in a closed bus configuration, meaning to have all major switchboards connected via bus ties (also known as closed ring or linear bus). In many operational scenarios, this approach leads to less engines running on higher loads and therefore greater energy efficiency. However, this configuration can lead to a higher risk of electrical fault, such as short circuit, cascading throughout the electrical system and causing a total black out of the vessel.

ABS (American Bureau of Shipping) has updated the Guide for Classing of Dynamic Positioning Vessels with an optional notation, EHS-E, (EHS=enhanced, E= electrical) which include optional requirements specifically addressing the risks associated with operating closed bus. The requirements are unique in that they are written to address current vessels that are prime candidates for electrical upgrades.

At a high level, the minimum upgrades or configurations required to achieve an enhanced electrical DP notation are:

Enhanced Generator Protection (EGP) (also known as Advanced Generator Protection (AGP)) Power management system to include bus protection scheme. DP Control System to include thruster fast phase back. Configuration changes to ensure equipment can remain operable during a fault ride through test.

EGP upgrades are important because it ensures a quick response to electrical disturbances at one generator and prevents this disturbance from causing other healthy generators from being affected. If a single generator is faulty, the EGP works to disconnect it quickly to prevent disturbing the rest of the power plant and causing a blackout which can subsequently cause a loss of position and/or heading.

The adequacy of the upgrades is confirmed by DP FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis) validation testing as well as a live short circuit fault ride through test to verify that the system is capable of riding through an actual short circuit. The fault ride through tests often discover additional configurations and settings that must be tuned to keep equipment online and prevent a total blackout of the vessel. To achieve EHS-E notation, any blackout must recover within 60 seconds.

This paper provides a pathway for existing units to retrofit their power plant and DP system to operate in a closed bus tie configuration. If properly upgraded, this configuration can add significant fuel savings and reduce greenhouse gas emissions resulting in lower cost and lower Scope 1 carbon intensity.
Estimation of Wind Resource Assessment at High-Resolution Using SAR Observations, Validated with Lidar Measurements
Authors: Cathelain Marie , Husson Romain , Berger Henrick , Fragoso Mauricio
Published: April 2023

The 18-year database of Envisat & Sentinel 1A-1B Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) provides worldwide surface wind measurements at a 1-km resolution. Through an innovative vertical extrapolation methodology published in 2022, these long-term, wide, and high-resolution observations can complement in-situ observations and mesoscale modelling for offshore wind resource assessment. The methodology is based on three steps: (i) derivation of the 10-min SAR surface winds from SAR sea surface roughness, and a site-independent machine learning algorithm based on a large buoy network to correct SAR winds due to biases inherent to the characteristics of the satellite sensors and wind retrieval methodology, (ii) extrapolation up to a few hundred meters based on a second machine learning algorithm trained with in-situ observations and physical parameters from a high-resolution mesoscale model related to e.g. atmospheric stability, and (iii) a final post-processing step to correct for low temporal sampling of the SAR database (one passage every two days for one satellite) and retrieve wind statistics. The resulting output is a 1-km resolution wind atlas in a large (> 3000 km2) offshore and/or coastal area where strong coastal gradients will be accounted for, or it can integrate directly the estimation of the extractible wind power. Here, an improvement of the extrapolation method is presented and applied to a French offshore area in South Brittany. The wind atlases obtained with SAR are found to display a much finer level of details and estimate more precisely the coastal gradient.