bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Last Blank Spaces
Authors: Blyton Greg
Published: August 2018

Quality research, innovative and provocative. American historian Dane Kennedy’s The Last Blank Spaces: Exploring Africa and Australia delivers a carefully written comparative history of British exploration that challenges romantic conceptualisations of explorer and Indigenous relations in the nineteenth century. The very title ‘The Last Blank Spaces’ conjures up images of terra nullius. The final frontiers in British exploration of two vast continents, an emptiness “to advance imperial agendas, to pre-empt political rivals, to inspire patriotic pride, to discover natural resources, to promote commercial interests and further humanitarian objectives” (p. 60). The Last Blank Spaces fits into a genre of Indigenous, colonial ethnography when the British explorer is the central character and the Indigenous person is a support, but the book differs from conventional Western accounts. Kennedy writes that it is a book that “traces the development of exploration from an idea to a practice, from a practice to an outcome, and from an outcome to a myth” (p. 23).
Dialogue, ambivalence, public space
Authors: Kenniff Thomas-Bernard
Published: August 2018

Public space is neither a fixed thing, nor a stable concept. This paper applies the term ‘dialogue’ as a conceptual basis for the idea of public space as something that changes according to multiscalar and overlapping contexts, with use and discourse. The concept of dialogue is developed from the dialogism of Mikhail Bakhtin whose related notions of ambivalence, polyphony, heteroglossia, carnival and chronotope are used to support a dialogical understanding of public space. The paper develops this understanding by creating a parallel between Bakhtin’s dialogism and the Barking Town Square by muf architecture/art (2004-2010). Through this parallel reading, the paper suggests that design proposals for the public realm are valued propositions that suggest a particular transformation of aesthetic, ethical, social and political relations through the ordering and transformation of spatial relations. No design, no conception, and therefore no dialogue creating public space can be neutral—but inevitably takes place within a fraught dialogical context inseparable from individual positioning and responsibility. The question of boundary maintenance thus arises inevitably, and the paper examines a range of such problematic demarcations, including between public and private, typologies and flexible criteria, immediate and social contexts, and ideals and reality. Given dialogue’s condition of ambivalence and incompleteness, the paper argues that the inherent contradictions to the concept of ‘public space’ are its very conditions for existence.
Greening and opening the public space of the Nile banks. A demonstration case study in Maadi, Cairo
Authors: Gohar Amir
Published: August 2018

The Nile, in general, and particularly in Cairo, is an ecological, cultural and social corridor that is not yet fully utilized. The 2011 Cairo workshop “Connecting Cairo to the Nile” identified the potential to increase accessibility to the river, suggested longitude trail system, proposed connecting the waterfront with adjacent neighborhoods and proposed expanding the ferry system. I studied a 2-km reach of the east bank in Maadi, a wealthy suburb about 10 km upstream of the city center, with relatively greener banks, availability of resources at the district level, higher awareness of local residents, physical setting allow for banks re-use, existence of community organizations (i.e. Tree Lovers and Midan).  Findings of fieldwork and interviews show that: (i) species of native vegetation found are Phoenix Dactylifera, Jacaranda, Cortedarea and Papyrus alba; these are concentrated along 115 meter in southern part of the study area. (ii) Public access was categorized into: public space (accessible), private or semi-public space (accessible with conditions), and prohibited (inaccessible). Along this representative stretch of the Nile, the public access was limited to 16%, the private or semi-public makes 29% and the prohibited zones are 55%. (iii) Boating operations found to be in three categories, floating hotels (Nile cruises), motor boats (including ferries) and sailing boats, all are scattered along the banks without an overall plan or organization, which affects water flow and block public access to the banks. To better develop the banks, I recommend (i) maintaining existing riparian vegetation and expand it to other areas with healthy banks or planted nurseries, (ii) connecting open public spaces to create a pleasant walking trail along the banks in addition to improving public access by relocating government buildings (such as the police or military facilities) and facilitate access to the river for general public, (iii) reducing the anchoring points to two locations and redistribute boating operations to group all motor boats to use the ferry anchoring points and all the sailing boats to use Al-Yacht club marina.
Postcards from the edge (of the Arabian Sea). Tales from the ballPark: this liminal life
Authors: Ball Di
Published: August 2018

Art brought me to this place, but art and so much more sees my returning and living here 6 months of every year. For 6 years. This PLACE is Fort Cochin in the state of Kerala in South India. The Art that brought me here was my participation in an exhibition enitled Re-Picturing the Feminine: New Hybrid Realities in the Artworld – A Survey of Indian and Australian Contemporary Female Artists at OED Gallery Fort Cochin, running concurrently with the first contemporary art Biennale in India: the Kochi-Muziris Biennale 2012. I had decided to spend 6 weeks in Fort Cochin in order to make new work informed by the place, but I had never been to India so I went on a tour in North India beforehand. I spent 23 days travelling from Mumbai to New Delhi via Mt Abu, Udapair, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Jailsalmer, Agra, Orchha and Varanasi  and arrived in the south exhausted and not a fan. I can’t eat spicy food, I don’t like crowds, and the rubbish everywhere was horrible. I may have exclaimed; “I am such a Paris girl!!”. Yet here I am, 6 years later, living a liminal life; on the edge of the Arabian Sea, between East and West, between 2 cultures, navigating my way.
Give Us Space! Augmented public space geographies in the changing public/private relationships
Authors: Manfredini Manfredo , Lo Adrian , Reeves Dory E
Published: August 2018

The aim of this article is to reflect on and share the findings of the Networking Event ‘Give us Space: Augmented public space geographies in the changing public/private relationships.’ The Event addressed emerging spatial issues in the production of the public realm of contemporary cities. This topic has been at the centre of the discourse on urbanism in both humanities and social sciences for decades, reflecting the increasing interest in spatial problems that have contributed to the crisis of public life in the socioeconomic, cultural and political spheres. The recent pervasion of spatial privatisation and public sphere mediatisation processes require a refoundation of this discourse. The discussions addressed some of the key areas of concern raised by the New Urban Agenda (NUA) related to open space, focusing on socio-spatial problems in the pervading production of semi-public spaces in contexts of rapid urbanization. Using a comparative urbanism perspective that highlighted the expanding role of digital geography, it elaborated upon specific Sustainable Development Goals of the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. These are the goals concerned with good health and well-being (3), reduced inequalities (10), sustainable cities and communities (11), and partnerships for the goals (17). The event created a platform for knowledge exchange and networking amongst stakeholders. This aimed to 1) build capacity in both research and practice; 2) identify problems, limitations, and opportunities with respect to the various actors and stakeholders of urban public space; 3) highlight issues concerning less advantaged groups in society: children, youth and elderly, ‘differently-able,’ indigenous people, marginalized genders, migrants and socioeconomically deprived people.
Contribution of older urban residents
Authors: Kline Katherine
Published: August 2018

UN-Habitat’s biennial World Urban Forum (WUF9) took place in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia this year from 7-13 February.  Following 18 months after Habitat III, its theme appropriately focused on “Cities 2030, Cities for All”.I participated as the co-chair of the General Assembly of Partners (GAP) official civil society group for older persons. Given very limited resources, we organized several panels with others: an official 2 hour Older Persons Roundtable; one with GAP Persons with Disabilities on accessibility and universal design; another representing older women as part of the Women’s Assembly; a fourth contributing the civil society perspective to one by Business & Industry; and a fifth organized by City Space Architecture focusing on the importance of safe and accessible public spaces which can reduce isolation faced by many older urban residents.Urbanisation and population ageing are century defining demographic trends. Over 500 million urban residents are older people. Yet cities everywhere are failing to address the changes brought about by global population ageing with increasing inequality and insecurity. Physical, social and economic barriers prevent older people in particular from fully enjoying their rights and living in dignity and safety in cities. By 2030, older persons are expected to account for over 25 percent of the population in Europe and northern America, 17 percent in Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, and six percent in Africa. Over half the ageing population, 289 million, currently lives in low- and middle-income countries, and is increasingly concentrated in urban areas. Older persons are the fastest growing population group globally, expected to reach 22% by 2050 (UNDESA 2017). In 2015, 58% of the world’s people aged 60 and over resided in urban areas, up from 50% in 2000.
Jesús María Caamaño Martínez. "In Memoriam"
Authors: De Olaguer Feliú y Alonso Fernando
Published: August 2018

Don Jesús María Caamaño Martínez (Noya, La Coruña 1929-Madrid 2015) Un ejemplo de sabiduría y discreción
Causas y consecuencias de la maurofilia de Pedro I de Castilla en la arquitectura de los siglos XIV y XV
Authors: Gumiel Campos Pablo
Published: August 2018

Los complejos años del reinado de Pedro I de Castilla entre 1350 y 1369 estuvieron marcados por constantes episodios bélicos y luchas de poder a nivel nacional e internacional. En ese contexto el rey castellano, necesitado de un programa arquitectónico cargado de legitimación, optó por una arquitectura palatina islámica en la construcción de sus palacios en Astudillo, Tordesillas, Carmona y Sevilla. Con la promoción de estos palacios islámicos, Pedro I condicionó la evolución de la arquitectura áulica de los siglos XIV y XV.
Aportaciones al conocimiento de la escultura castellana en los años centrales del siglo XVI. Juan de Carranza I y el retablo mayor de la iglesia de Santa María la Mayor de Soria
Authors: Echeverría Goñi Pedro Luis , Payo Hernanz René Jesús
Published: August 2018

Una de las obras escultóricas más importantes del obispado de Osma, en los años centrales del siglo XVI, es el retablo mayor de la iglesia de Santa María la Mayor de Soria. En estos años, algunas de las obras sorianas más importantes fueron reclamadas a prestigiosos talleres foráneos. Este fue el caso del retablo mayor de la iglesia de Santa María la Mayor, hasta ahora no documentado, que fue realizado por el ensamblador Juan de Losada y por el prestigioso escultor Juan de Carranza, uno de los más importantes maestros que en aquellos años trabajaban en la ciudad de Burgos.
Itinerario histórico por la biblioteca fotográfica de la firma Laurent&Cia. (1850-1900)
Authors: Pérez Gallardo Helena
Published: August 2018

Cuando se cumple el bicentenario del nacimiento de Jean Laurent y Minier (1816-1886), uno de los más destacados y sin duda el más productivo fotógrafo de la España decimonónica, proponemos la puesta al día de una figura y su firma comercial que ha centrado gran parte de nuestras investigaciones y cuyo retrato también se ha visto completado por otras significativas aportaciones en los últimos años.
Una iconografía primigenia: el diálogo con el arte prehistórico en la obra de Víctor Mira
Authors: Cortés Santamarta David
Published: August 2018

El artista español Víctor Mira (1949-2003) realizó entre 1979 y 1984 un ciclo de obras caracterizado por una personal recreación de una iconografía primigenia. Parte de ese imaginario será posteriormente recuperado en el extenso conjunto de estampas titulado Cien imágenes de África (1990). Mira establece un diálogo con el arte prehistórico, que se manifiesta tanto en la extrema rotundidad y simplificación formal de las imágenes como en la profundización de sus connotaciones simbólicas, hasta constituir una especie de cosmogonía que aúna lo remoto y la contemporaneidad, lo que las emparentan con autores del panorama artístico alemán de la época, como Joseph Beuys o A. R. Penck.
RESTAURAÇÃO DE ESTRUTURA EM MADEIRA DA IGREJA NOSSA SENHORA DO CARMO EM DIAMANTINA – MG: ESTUDO DE CASO [ Restoration of wooden structure of Nossa Senhora do Carmo church in Diamantina – MG: Case study ]
Authors: Torres Ana Clara dos Anjos , Porto Thiago Bomjardim , Junior Antônio Pires Azevedo , Gomes Romero Cesar
Published: August 2018

RESUMO: O estado de Minas Gerais possui o maior acervo artístico do barroco nacional, destacando os casarões e igrejas dos municípios históricos. Visto a importância histórica e cultural de tais edificações, torna-se necessária a restauração de seus elementos estéticos e funcionais, tais como as estruturas de madeira, em sua maioria. O objetivo deste trabalho é sequenciar as etapas de elaboração de projetos de restauração e recuperação de estruturas de madeira. E, como estudo de caso, apresentar a obra de restauração da Igreja Nossa Senhora do Carmo, em Diamantina, indicando o diagnóstico de suas patologias e a proposta para a intervenção. Foi necessário tratar quimicamente as superfícies contra infestações de insetos xilófagos e substituir parte da estrutura por madeira nova tratada, ancorada em nova fundação em concreto armado. Este reforço foi imprescindível para a estabilidade estrutural da Igreja, mesmo alterando parte do ambiente. Conclui-se que a escolha da técnica de recuperação de estruturas de madeira é condicionada por se tratar de uma restauração. É destacado também que as limitações de um projeto de restauração impedem, muitas vezes, o atendimento à normalização técnica quanto aos carregamentos e dimensionamento de estruturas. A técnica utilizada em Diamantina pode ser aprimorada para casos semelhantes e futuros estudos são importantes para a apresentação de metodologias menos destrutivas.ABSTRACT: The state of Minas Gerais has the largest artistic heritage of the national baroque, highlighting the mansions and churches of the historical municipalities. Because of the historical and cultural importance of such buildings, it is necessary to restore their aesthetic and functional elements, such as the wooden structures, in the majority. This work aims to sequence the stages of projects of restoration and recovery of wooden structures. As a case study, presents the restoration work of the Nossa Senhora do Carmo Church, in Diamantina, diagnosing its pathologies and proposing the intervention. It was necessary to chemically treatment against xylophagous insects infestations and replace part of the structure with new treated wood, anchored in a new foundation made of reinforced concrete. This reinforcement was indispensable for the structural stability of the Church, even changing part of the environment. It is concluded that the choice of the technique of recovery of wood structures is conditioned by the fact that it is a restoration. It is also emphasized that the limitations of a restoration project often prevent the obedience of technical normalization regarding the loading and dimensioning of structures. The technique used in Diamantina can be improved for similar cases and future studies are important for the presentation of less destructive methodologies.
A GESTÃO DE RESÍDUOS DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL EM TERESINA – PIAUÍ [ The management of waste of civil construction in Teresina – Piauí ]
Authors: Ribeiro Alves Tércia Emanuelle , Ferreira dos Santos Maria Socorro
Published: August 2018

RESUMO: O impacto ambiental causado pela produção e descarte de resíduos da indústria da construção civil é um dos principais do planeta, seja pela quantidade descartada diariamente ou pelo uso irracional das jazidas de recursos naturais. Este estudo buscou investigar a gestão dos resíduos da construção civil em Teresina – Piauí e envolveu levantamento bibliográfico e pesquisa de campo que foi realizada através da aplicação de questionários, visitas a canteiros da obra de construtoras, empresas terceirizadas atuantes na coleta de entulhos de construção civil e entrevista aos órgãos de fiscalização. A aplicação dos questionários trouxe como resultados, a quantidade de empresas atuantes no município, a quantidade de resíduos produzidos pelas empresas construtoras, suas composições e a destinação final dada pelas empresas recolhedoras. A verificação quanto à atuação dos órgãos públicos responsáveis pela fiscalização e gerenciamento dos resíduos de construção e demolição, mostrou que esta não ocorre de forma regular e que o mais comum é apenas mediante denúncias. A gestão dos resíduos da construção nos canteiros de obra de Teresina é ainda bastante falha com adoção de práticas não eficazes para a amenização do impacto ambiental causado por esses resíduos, sendo bastante deficiente em relação à destinação final adequada.  O intuito do estudo foi investigar o sistema de gestão de resíduos da construção civil em Teresina – Piauí.ABSTRACT: The environmental impact caused by the production and disposal of waste from the construction industry is one of the main issues on the planet, either by the quantity discarded daily or by the irrational use of natural resource deposits. This study sought to investigate the management of construction waste in Teresina - Piauí and involved a bibliographical survey and field research that was carried out through the application of questionnaires, visits to construction sites of contractors, outsourced companies involved in the collection of civil construction debris and interview the supervisory bodies. The application of the questionnaires resulted in the number of companies operating in the municipality, the amount of waste produced by the construction companies, their composition and the final destination given by the collecting companies. The verification of the performance of the public agencies responsible for the supervision and management of construction and demolition wastes has shown that this does not occur regularly and that the most common is only through complaints. The management of construction waste at Teresina's construction sites is still quite flawed with the adoption of ineffective practices for mitigating the environmental impact caused by these wastes and is quite deficient in relation to the final destination. The purpose of the study was to investigate the waste management system of the construction industry in Teresina – Piauí.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PROCESSOS MARKOVIANOS NA GESTÃO DA CONSTRUÇÃO CIVIL [ Development of Markovian Process in the management of civil construction ]
Authors: Abreu Aleff Viegas , Wolff Marlon Paulo Melo
Published: August 2018

RESUMO: Neste trabalho é desenvolvida uma aplicação das Cadeias de Markov com objetivo de análise e previsão dos índices de probabilidades de estados relacionados aos riscos de baixo, médio e alto impacto em obras de construção civil. Os estados estão relacionados aos níveis de impactos que diferentes áreas da construção civil podem sofrer quanto aos fatores de: cronograma, custo e qualidade de serviço. A metodologia foi desenvolvida com o auxílio do software MATLAB 4.0, sendo possível conhecer as probabilidades de ocorrência dos riscos dentro de um período de 12 meses. Os resultados encontrados podem ser usados como parâmetros para a tomada de decisão relacionada a gestão de riscos de obras. ABSTRACT: In this work is developed an application of the Markov Chain with  the object of analysis and prediction of the states of probability related to low, medium and high-risk impacts in a construction. The states are related with the impacts levels in which different areas of civil construction may suffer as to the factors of: schedule, cost and quality of service. The methodology was developed with the help of MATLAB software 4.0, being able to know the probabilities of occurrence of the risks within a period of 12 months. The results can be used as parameters for efficient decision making and construction risk management.
Environmental License for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Projects in Brazil
Authors: Costa Hirdan Katarina De Medeiros , Miranda Mariana Fernandes , Musarra Raíssa Moreira Lima Mendes , Santos Edmilson Moutinho dos
Published: August 2018

This article presents the environmental licensing system in Brazil and its instrument, the environmental impact assessment (EIA) and its discussion on CCS activities. Globally, extractive industry development projects are well known to have environmental impacts, and Brazil is no exception. Since the adoption of the main Brazilian environmental laws, there has been a general perception that environmental licensing system and EIAs protects its environment. Besides the legal requirement for those tools, this article describes the specific rules on oil and gas projects (onshore and offshore). This research contributes as a review of Brazil’s environmental legislation, including the specific oil and gas legislation, presented along with a comprehensive discussion of those tools. Finally, this paper essays a general contribution for an understanding environmental licensing for CCS activities. The research was done using the inductive method, based on the methodology of legal science and with bibliographic and normative research techniques, including institutional analysis.
Stephen Hawking, la civilización poshumana y el homo geneticus
Authors: Serra Eduardo Badía
Published: August 2018

Los problemas de la conciencia, de la comunicación de las sustancias y de la inteligencia artificial en el ámbito de la ciencia y de la filosofía, y el problema de la relación mente-cuerpo son sumamente complejos y se abordan desde diferentes posiciones. Con todo, se mantienen dentro del enfoque del humano enfrentado con la tecnología que el mismo ha creado.Teoría y Praxis Año 8, No. 16, Febrero de 2010, pp.7-17
Un país violento
Authors: Grenni Héctor
Published: August 2018

Teoría y Praxis Año 8, No. 17, Julio de 2010, pp.93-95
Productivity in seeds of the green bean produced under conventional and organic systems
Authors: Portal Ruanny Karen Vidal Pantoja , Nascimento Warley Marcos , Vidal Valdivina Lúcia , Coelho Marcos , Peixoto Nei
Published: August 2018

Two experiments were carried out during 2016 at the Anápolis Experimental Station of EMATER in the State of Goiás, with the aim of studying the yield of seeds of 18 strains and two indeterminate cultivars of the green bean, one experiment under a conventional system and the other under an organic system. A randomized block experimental design was used, with twenty treatments and three replications, to evaluate the mean number of seeds per pod (NSP), 100-seed weight (100SW) and productivity (PROD). Under the conventional system, the 100SW ranged from 19.3 to 25.0 grams. The highest productivity was achieved with the UEG 0212, UEG 0212, UEG 0712 and UEG 3014 strains, which were superior to the other strains, including the controls. Under the organic system, there was a range of 6.66 to 8.33 for the NSP, while for the 100SW, the range was from 23 to 32 grams. The UEG 0212, UEG 1012, UEG 2014 and UEG 3014 strains, all with cylindrical pods and white seeds, can be used as alternatives for planting, being superior to the ‘Favorito’ cultivar and equal to the ‘Macarrão Bragança’ cultivar, whereas UEG 1112 and UEG 0714, with cylindrical pods and cream-colored seeds, can be used as dual-adapted cultivars, with green pods and dry grain that can be used as end-of-cycle pods if there are defects that are not accepted by the market.
Characteristics and classification of the quality and productive standards of the mombaça grass under a livestock-forest system or full sun
Authors: Oliveira Leonardo Bernardes Taverny de , Santos Antonio Clementino dos , Oliveira Hugo Mariano Rodrigues de , André Tiago Barbalho , Neves Neto Durval Nolasco das , Silveira Júnior Otacílio
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study is to identify qualitative and productive changes in Mombasa grass under a livestock-forest system or full sun and to classify the variables that are most relevant for evaluating the qualitative performance of these systems. The experiments were conducted in shade areas, with four replications for each of the 12 treatments, including four growth cycles and three levels of shading in Mombasa grass, totaling 48 experimental units. Calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), nitrogen (N) and dry mass production (DMP) (kg ha-1) were used as discriminatory variables for the shading groups. The levels of nutrients and shading in Mombaça grass were classified using Fisher multivariate discriminant analysis (FMDA). The FDMA indicated that Mg, K, P, N, and DMP formed a discriminant function. However, DMP was the least important variable for identifying the groups. Five groups were pre-defined before FDMA: MFS 2 (Mombasa grass in full sun in the second cycle), MFS 6 (Mombasa grass in full sun in the sixth cycle), MFS 7 (Mombasa grass in full sun in the seventh cycle), M25 4 (Mombasa grass at 25% shading in the fourth cycle), and M25 7 (Mombasa grass at 25% shading in the seventh cycle). The results indicate that Mg, P, K, and N are helpful for identifying new genotypes of plants grown on shading conditions because of the responsiveness and stability of these elements to environmental changes.
Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with Neospora caninum in crossbred dairy cows in Uberlândia
Authors: Nasciutti Nayara Resende , Oliveira Patrícia Magalhães de , Barbosa Vinícius De Morais , Headley Selwyn Arlington , Garcia Felipe Gonçalves , Silva Murilo Vieira da , Ferreira Flávia Batista , Mineo Tiago Wilson Patriarca , Saut João Paulo Elsen
Published: August 2018

Neospora caninum causes reproductive disorders in dairy cattle such as repeat breeding, abortion, and anestrus, which are risk factors associated with the seroprevalence of N. caninum in Brazil and worldwide. This study aimed to verify the risk factors related to the seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in crossbred dairy cows in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais. During, January to July 2013, 740 blood samples were collected from 57 herds with a history of reproductive disorders and determinations of antibody titers against N. caninum were obtained by ELISA assay. The seroprevalence of N. caninum was 18.4% (136/740). Risk factors for N. caninum were cows greater than 2 years of age (P = 0.034), mechanical milking (P = 0.012), and frequent purchase of animals (P = 0.004), in addition to individual history of abortion (P = 0.007) and repeat breeding (P = 0.030). The highest probability of occurrence of associated risk factors was associated with individual history of abortion and repeated breeding and the frequent purchase of animals, with odds of 12.8, 5.9, and 3.8 times, respectively. In conclusion, the risk factors associated with N. caninum: members of the female sex and cows with more than 2 years-of-age, mechanical milking, and the frequent purchase of animals, in addition to individual history of abortion and repeated breeding.
Marandu palisade grass management strategies at the beginning of the deferment period and effects on tillering
Authors: Santos Manoel Eduardo Rozalino , Ávila Amanda Bortoleto , Carvalho Angélica Nunes de , Rocha Gabriel De Oliveira , Van Cleef Flavia De Oliveira Scarpino , Segatto Bruno Nascimento , Vasconcelos Kathleen Alves , Pereira Rayne Souza
Published: August 2018

Pasture mowing at the beginning of deferment stimulates tillering and can be used in different ways. The aim of this study was to understand how the mowing of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu Syn. Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (marandu palisade grass) prior to the deferment period modifies tillering activity and the characteristics of young, mature, and old tillers. Three mowing strategies were evaluated: canopies kept at a height of 15 cm for five months before deferment (15/15 cm); canopies kept at 30 cm (30/15 cm) or 45 cm (45/15 cm) for five months before deferment and posteriorly cut to 15 cm at the start of the deferment period. The structural characteristics of young, mature, and old tillers of marandu palisade grass were compared only at the end of the deferment period. The tiller appearance rate was greater before (16.0%) than during (6.4%) the deferment period, but a contrasting response pattern was observed for the tiller mortality rate. The defoliation strategies that resulted in greater numbers of tillers in the canopies were 30/15 cm (2,098 tillers m-²) and 45/15 cm (2,160 tillers m-2). The defoliation strategy that generated the greatest percentage of young tillers in the canopy was 45/15 cm (26.1%), while the percentage of old tillers was greater in the canopies submitted to the 15/15 cm (64.1%) and 30/15 cm (61.5%) strategies. Weight and percentage of live stems of mature and old tillers were greater in relation to young tillers. The percentage of live leaves was grater in young tillers (52.6%), intermediate in mature tillers (41.4%), and lower in old tillers (21.3%). Regarding the percentage of dead leaves, the opposite trend was observed, where the percentage was greater in the old than in young tillers. Leaf area was greater in mature tillers (55.3 cm²) than in old tillers (29.2 cm²). Mowing of the marandu palisade grass to 15 cm at the beginning of the deferment period increases the number of young tillers, which have a more favorable morphological composition than mature and old tillers.
Characterization of silage production and the use by dairy farmers in the West of Santa Catarina state
Authors: Wendling Adenor Vicente , Machado Filho Luiz Carlos Pinheiro
Published: August 2018

Silage has been widely used in dairy production. However, little is known about its use at production level. The goal of this study was to characterize production and usage of silage for the dairy farming in Western Santa Catarina state. Thirty farms were selected randomly by their geographical location, in 11 municipalities of the West of Santa Catarina state, and they were invited to participate in the research. Out of these 30 farms, 6 did not have any dairy activity, and 2 preferred not to participate in the research, thus were not included. Semi-structured interviews and on-site visits were then performed. All data were analyzed with the software R version 3.2.2. 95% of the farmers produced and fed silage to animals. Out of the 22 farmers participating in the study, 82% provided silage for dairy cows during the whole year; in 86% of these farms, the silage was fed right after milking, in an average amount of 6.06 ± 0.63 kg DM (dry matter) AU-1 (animal unit, 500 kg) day-1. The average area used for maize production was 8.46 ha, representing 59% of the area destined to dairy farming. The average silage production was 8.8 and 7.6 t ha-1 year-1 in the season and off-season crop respectively, without significant differences. In most silage production areas, the no-tillage system is adopted, with the use of pesticides, chemical fertilization and transgenic seeds, without soil covering or crop rotation. Farms that fertilized maize based on soil analysis had the greatest silage yield, compared to the ones that fertilized without relying on soil analysis. The use of different types of pesticides and fertilizer quantities was not correlated to the silage production volume. Overall the production systems and the quantity of silage produced and fed to the cows do not follow technical criteria; thus silage yield and use could be improved if following strategies to better allocate crop inputs.
Rice co-products in pig feed during the starter phase (15 to 30 kg)
Authors: Carvalho Paulo Levi De Oliveira , Costa Filho Clodoaldo De Lima , Gonçalves Liliane Maria Piano , Junior Pasquetti Tiago , Perondi Dani , Huepa Laura Marcela Diaz , Peñuela-Sierra Lina Maria , Oliveira Aparecida Da Costa , Carvalho Silvana Teixeira , Genova Jansller Luiz
Published: August 2018

This study was carried out to evaluate the inclusion of two rice co-products in pig feed during the starter phase in terms of the nutritional value and digestibility of the co-products, and the effect on plasma parameters, growth performance and economic viability. In Experiment I, a digestibility assay was performed using 30 barrows (14.4 ± 2.4 kg body weight), which were distributed in a completely randomised design. The co-products studied were broken rice (BR) and hominy rice 3/4 (HR) to replace the reference diet (300 g/kg). The estimated digestible energy (DE) and metabolisable energy (ME) were 3,476 and 3,360 kcal/kg for BR and 3,487 and 3,362 kcal/kg for HR, respectively. In Experiment II, 108 pigs (15.5 ± 1.0 to 30.1 ± 1.3 kg body weight) were used, distributed in a randomised block design with a factorial analysis scheme (2 × 4), using two types of rice and four inclusion levels (160, 320, 480, and 640 g/kg), with six replicates and two pigs per experimental unit. Additionally, a control diet was used with no inclusion of the co-product. The daily weight gain increased and the feed:gain (F:G) ratio decreased as HR content of feed increased. An effect of both types of rice on plasma glucose concentration was obtained, in which the pigs fed with BR showed the highest values. The cost of diet per kilogram of body weight gain increased as BR levels in the diet increased. It was observed that inclusion levels of 480 and 640 g/kg of BR differed from the control diet, showing the highest costs. HR and BR can be used in pig feed in the starter phase at up to 640 g/kg without impairing performance.
Effects of the inclusion of glycerin in diets containing 30 or 70% roughage on feed disappearance and digestibility
Authors: Homem Junior Antonio Carlos , Ezequiel Jane Maria Bertocco , Cremasco Leonardo Fernandes , Almeida Marco Túlio Costa , Paschoaloto Josimari Regina , D'Áurea André Pastori , Perez Henrique Leal
Published: August 2018

The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro nutrient disappearance and in vivo nutrient digestibility of cattle diets containing 70 or 30% roughage, with and without glycerin supplementation. Four Nellore cattle were used in the study based on a 4 × 4 Latin Square design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Inclusion of glycerin and roughage proportion did not affect the nutrient disappearance of each ingredient (P > 0.05). Regardless of the inclusion of glycerin, a reduction in the proportion of roughage led to an increase (P < 0.05) in DMDis (64 vs. 72%), NDFDis (41 vs. 54%), and ADFDis (31 vs. 44%) of the total rations. Inclusion of glycerin resulted in an increase (P < 0.05) in DMD (70 vs. 62%) and a reduction (P < 0.05) in CPD (32 vs. 38%) and STD (82 vs. 74%). The diet containing 30% roughage led to higher (P < 0.05) DMD (67 vs. 65%) and CPD (35 vs. 33%) in comparison with the 70% roughage diet, but did not differ (P > 0.05) in STD (78%). Inclusion of glycerin at 20% of the total DM increased the utilisation of dietary DM without affecting the fibrous fraction of the diet. Glycerin supplementation in diets containing 70% roughage improves neutral detergent fibre digestibility.
Performance and carcass characteristics of feedlot-finished Zebu cattle in different feeding systems
Authors: Paula Neto Joaquim José de , Alexandrino Emerson , Costa Junior Wagner Soares da , Rezende José Messias de , Silva André Augusto Marinho , Melo Jonahtan Chaves
Published: August 2018

The performance and characteristics of 18 carcasses of feedlot-finished Zebu cattle were evaluated over 93 days in confinement or semi-confinement systems. In the semi-confinement system, two strategies of pasture deferral were adopted, 40 days (40DD) and 80 days (80DD). The feed of animals in confinement was composed of 24% of grass silage Urochloa spp. and 76% concentrate, on dry matter, freely supplied twice daily. Grazing animals received 4 kg of animal concentrate per day. The final fasting weight of the animals in confinement (534.92 kg) was higher than that of animals semi-confined in 40DD (475.33 kg) and 80DD (460.67 kg) pastures, because of the higher daily weight gain (1.37 vs. 0.82 and 0.64 kg, respectively). Feedlot-finished animals had a greater carcass gain (0.91 kg animal-1 day-1), resulting in a higher carcass weight (296.47 kg), higher thickness of external fat (5.42 mm), weight and percentage of side cut (17.88 kg and 12.20%), and weight and percentage of fat in the carcass (74.50 kg and 25.22%). However, no difference was observed for the metric and developmental characteristics of the carcass, which allowed good quality carcasses to be obtained, independent of the strategies evaluated. Feedlot-finished Zebu cattle provide heavier and bulky carcasses, leading to higher revenue per marketed carcass.
Determining the optimal dose of virginiamycin for ruminal parameters and performance of Nellore cattle on pasture
Authors: Alves Neto João Alexandrino , Oliveira Ivanna Moraes de , Moretti Matheus Henrique , Gonçalves Paloma Helena , Alves Michele Aparecida Prado , Fernandes Juliano José de Resende , Resende Flávio Dutra de , Siqueira Gustavo Rezende
Published: August 2018

There are no studies evaluating the virginiamycin (VM) doses under tropical conditions. So, the present study was conducted to evaluate the optimal dose of VM for growing Nellore bulls on tropical pasture. Two experiments were conducted. The first experiment, one hundred and two Nellore bulls (307 ± 25 kg body weight [BW]; 22 months) were used. Animal performance was evaluated using a randomized block design, with group as experimental unit (n = 8; 12 animals each). The second experiment, a double 4 × 4 Latin square, eight animals were used to evaluate the ruminal parameters. Four doses were evaluated: 0, 35, 55, and 75 mg VM per 100 kg BW. The average daily gain (P = 0.08) and carcass gain (P = 0.05) exhibited a trend of quadratic behavior. An increased dose of VM did not affect supplement intake (P = 0.64), rumen pH (P = 0.96), acetate: propionate ratio (P = 0.73), or the total concentration of volatile fatty acid (P = 0.63). The concentration of rumen ammonia nitrogen exhibited a quadratic effect (P = 0.01). A quadratic behavior was found for volatile fatty acid, except for propionate (P < 0.01). In conclusion, the dose of 47 mg VM per 100 kg BW is recommend for growing Nellore bulls on tropical pasture.
Ruminal fermentation and degradation, kinetic flow of the digesta and milk fatty acid composition of cows fed chopped elephantgrass supplemented with soybean oil
Authors: Ribeiro Carlos Gustavo Santos , Lopes Fernando César Ferraz , Rodriguez Norberto Mario , Gama Marco Antônio Sundfeld da , Morenz Mirton José Frota
Published: August 2018

The aim of this study was to evaluate the ruminal parameters of fermentation and degradation, kinetic flow of rumen digesta, and milk fatty acid composition of cows fed 52% chopped elephantgrass-based diets containing 0.0% (control), 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% soybean oil (SO) on a dry matter (DM) basis. Four rumen-cannulated Holstein x Gyr dairy cows with an average milk production of 15.6 ± 3.0 kg day-1 and 90 ± 25 days in milk were allocated in a 4 x 4 Latin square design. The results were analyzed by mixed models. Significant differences were declared at P ? 0.05, and P-values from 0.05 < P ? 0.10 were considered as a trend. The inclusion of SO in the diet had no effect on the ruminal pH or total volatile fatty acid concentration, but there was a quadratic effect on the ruminal ammonia nitrogen content and a trend for a linear reduction (P = 0.07) in the molar proportion of rumen acetate. Linear reductions were also observed in the DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) effective degradabilities of elephantgrass forage, but the fluid and particulate passage rates in the rumen and the DM and NDF intakes were unchanged by SO inclusion in the diet. Milk production, protein and lactose contents and yields were unaltered by dietary SO levels. There were linear reductions in the milk fat and total solids contents, but there was no effect of dietary treatments on their yields. The inclusion of soybean oil in the diet of Holstein x Gyr cows fed chopped elephantgrass improved the nutritional quality of milk fat as a result of increased contents of oleic, rumenic and vaccenic acids, which are beneficial to human health, and a concomitant reduction in hypercholesterolemic saturated fatty acids such as lauric, myristic and palmitic acids.
Nasal peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor in a heifer: case report
Authors: Argenta Fernando Froner , Hammerschmitt Márcia Elisa , Reis Matheus De Oliveira , Cruz Raquel Aparecida Sales da , Lorenzo Cíntia De , Sonne Luciana , Driemeier David , Pavarini Saulo Petinatti
Published: August 2018

This report described the clinical signs, pathological and immunohistochemical findings associated with a peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) in the nasal cavity of a heifer. The heifer exhibited severe breathing difficulty and dysphagia, which were increased over the last thirty days. At autopsy, a large, firm, and whitish mass was found occupying the left frontal sinus and most of the left nasal cavity. Histologically, a malignant neoplastic proliferation was observed, which was composed of small cells typically arranged in nests and mantles, occasionally arranged in palisade, interspersed with moderate connective stroma. The neoplastic cells exhibited strong immunoreactivity to synaptophysin, mild, multifocal immunoreactivity to neuron-specific enolase and vimentin immunoreactivity, with moderate, and multifocal immunoreactivity S-100 protein. These findings suggest that pPNETs should be included in the differential diagnosis of proliferative and obstructive lesions in the nasal cavity of young cattle.
Word Shortening Strategies: Egyptian vs. Non-Egyptian English Tweets
Authors: Mahfouz Iman Mohamed
Published: August 2018

The language of Computer-mediated Communication (CMC) is known to deviate from standard language in many ways dictated by the characteristics of the medium in order to achieve brevity, speed as well as innovation. Together with the intrinsic features of CMC in general, the character limitation imposed by the popular social media platform, Twitter has triggered the use of a number of linguistic devices including shortening strategies in addition to unconventional spelling and grammar. Using two parallel corpora of English tweets written by Egyptians and non-Egyptians on a similar hashtag, the study attempts to compare the shortening strategies used in both datasets. A taxonomy for orthographic and morphological shortening strategies was adapted from Thurlow and Brown (2003) and Denby (2010) with particular focus on message length, punctuation, clipping, abbreviations, contractions, alphanumeric homophones and accent stylization. Given the scarcity of linguistic studies conducted on Egyptian tweets despite the vast amount of data they offer, the study compares the findings about tweets written by Egyptians in English as a foreign language to previous studies. The findings suggest that Egyptians tend to omit punctuation more frequently, whereas non-Egyptians favor abbreviations, contractions and clipped forms. The results also indicate that Twitter may be shifting towards longer messages while at the same time increasingly employing more shortening strategies. The study also reveals that character limitation is not the only factor shaping language use on Twitter since not all linguistic choices are governed by brevity of communication.
Virginia Woolf Established a Strong Human Relationship Through Effective Characterization in her Novel, “To the Lighthouse”
Authors: Khan Imam Alam
Published: August 2018

“To the Lighthouse” is a famous and exceptional novel of Virginia Woolf. It was published in 1928. It is one of the most popular and the most striking novels by the novelist, because it makes easier reading. It is largely unique in its structure, and it reveals its maturity over the technique. The novel is known for its distinctive presentation of dimensional transitions. One of the greatest achievements of the novelist is that the technique of the stream of consciousness finds its way through the ordering of the materials in the novel. Its outward structure is really simple. The novel is an attempt to present a specific aim. A novel has always been a real as well as dynamic reproduction of the thoughts and feelings of the novelist. The novel discards the old authoritarian pattern in the family relationships, which is no longer operative in the society. Now, there is a new orientation of parent-child relationship as well as re-orientation of family and friends’ relationships. That is the vision of life in the mind of the novelist. And, that is the aim of the writer. The novel’s universal spirit and appeal will be under discourse in particular and the manifold visions in which what is receding and what is approaching, find ways to establishing a strong relationship with people in the novel. Therefore, this paper is going to investigate its realistic presentation of feelings and thoughts. It investigates that the novel exhibits the fluid mental states rather than external violent deeds.  That the readers themselves interpret and then understand each of the vital characters through his or her own unique thoughts as well as through his or her specific actions. It could be called a novel of stream of consciousness, yet with a difference. Hence, the novel in question investigates its comprehensiveness in design, and “how visions have been presented for establishing relationships among the characters in the novel through strong characterization with a new technique”.
A Novel Measurement of Speed in Early Internationalization of New Ventures
Authors: Aygoren Oguzhan , Kadakal C. Arsen
Published: August 2018

This study offers a novel approach in conceptualizing and measuring the internationalization speed of new ventures. International entrepreneurship literature deals extensively with the internationalization speed of new ventures; yet, there is not an agreed upon conceptualization of speed. Majority of studies operationalize speed as the time it takes from inception to make the first international activity. However, we know from Physics, speed is equal to distance divided by time. So, current perspective in internationalization literature misses the distance dimension. As a main contribution of this study, we calculate speed in terms of distance and time by using CAGE distance framework with gravity model, investigate the antecedents of this new speed calculation for international new ventures and compare results with the traditional speed measure of time only. Results indicate new speed measurement is more reliable and valid.