bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Solution-Processible Red Light-Emitting Conjugated Polymers Based on Benzothiadiazole
Authors: Li Bing Jun , Xu Qing
Published: December 2013

A series of high molecular weight，readily soluble conjugated copolymers derived from 9,9-dioctylfluorene (DOF) and 4,7-di(3- hexylthien-2-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (DHTBT) were designed and synthesized by a palladium-catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction with different ratios of DOF to DHTBT. Thermal stability, solubility, absorption spectra, photoluminescent spectra and electrochemical of the copolymers were investigated in detail. In the solid film, these copolymers showed saturated red light. These properties made them potential soluble red light-emitting candidates for polymer light-emitting diodes.
Constructing New Product Development for the DC Cooling Fan Industry: ISO/TS16949 Procedures
Authors: Chou Tzu Chuan , Wu Sheng Hsiung , Shu Ming Hung
Published: December 2013

Applications of DC cooling fans in auto electronics cover a wide range of areas. Since they all need to meet the requirement of the clients in providing customized products, many product combinations have been developed. In the past, when DC cooling fans manufacturers have not implemented the requirements of TS16949 and the core tools, their developmental process could only meet the spirit of process-orientation suggested by ISO9001. There was an obvious deficiency in terms of the quality management tools during the development and manufacturing processes, as well as the development information that should be produced; therefore, they were unable to meet the requirements of TS16949. This study constructs a new product development (NPD) procedure through the application of the five core tools that meets the requirements of TS16949, and satisfies the characteristics of the DC cooling fans industry. With this process, the Taiwanese DC cooling fans industry can effectively control the entire production process, from sales and marketing, R&D, manufacturing, to customer services. Moreover, the manufacturers could not only elevate their ability to self-manage, but also meet the requirements and gain market shares in the international automobile supply chain.
Design Method of the Skull Restoration Based on User-Centered
Authors: Liu Jin Wei , Guan Tian Min , Chen Yong , Shan Li Jun
Published: December 2013

The user needs during the skull restoration design were classified into functional requirement, physiological requirement and emotional requirement. The diagram of user-centered design in the skull prosthesis was drawn. The skull restoration formulas of titanium plate strength, compressive stiffness, bending stiffness and skull prosthesis manufacturing error were established. The hierarchy of the emotional design in the skull prosthesis was drawn. Through the analysis and research on the functional requirement, physiological requirement and emotional requirement, the user-centered design idea was shown, which had an important guiding significance for the development of the skull prosthesis design. Keywords: User-centered design, Skull restoration, Functional requirement, Physiological requirement, Emotional requirement
Design of Automatic Production Line for Electrode Defects Inspection of Li-Ion Power Battery
Authors: Han Liang , Liu Yong Ming , Lu Wen Zhou , Xiao Feng
Published: December 2013

Most countries and companies begin to develop Li-ion power battery because of the serious pollution of lead-acid battery and nickel-cadmium battery. As the main component of the Li-ion power battery, the electrode has a great influence on performance of the battery. Most manufacturers take the method of traditional manual inspection which has many disadvantages, such as low efficiency and bad work condition, and is vulnerable to subjective factors. The paper designs an automatic production line of the defects inspection of electrode, in which machine vision is used to inspect the defects of the electrode, PLC to control, and speed chain to convey the electrode. The combination of static loading electrode and dynamic inspection is chosen to control the line. The design can improve the efficiency siginificiantly.
Optimization of Sulfur-Free-Cutting Steelmaking Variables: Six Sigma-Based Approaches
Authors: Shu Ming Hung , Chen Peng Jen , Hsu Bi Min , Nguyen Thanh Lam , Yeh Jun Hsien , Lam Thanh Hien , Lin Tsun Ho
Published: December 2013

This research focuses on the adoption of the six-sigma DMAIC methodology to acquire the optimal combination parameters of sulfur free-cutting steel processes, thus achieving a stable production and reducing costs. The key point to sulfur free-cutting steels production is managing critical variables among the process input and output. In this paper, based on the systematic steps of the six sigma, experimental designs, and quality-related control methods, the optimal variables for the sulfur free-cutting steels refining process are obtained. This success has achieved the average decline in consumption of ferromanganese up to 12% along with annual savings of more than NT$15 million in production costs for the China Steel Corporation in Taiwan.
Flexible Rope Transmission Device and Preliminary Study on its Design
Authors: Li Jia , Li He Lin , Wang Peng
Published: December 2013

As a new flexible rope transmission solution the structure and principle of the flexible rope transmission device was introduced firstly. Then the rope-tube mechanical model about interaction between rope and flexible tube was established. On the basis of the model, the factor affecting rope-tube transmission performance was studied especially coefficient of kinetic friction and Elastic modulus of flexible tube. After that, the design calculation method of flexible rope transmission was developed through the design calculation on rope-tube mechanical model. Lastly, a design example that a 6-DOF light-load serial robot equipped with three wrist joints based on flexible rope transmission was invented, and it performed well in application test. So, flexible rope transmission is a feasible transmission solution indeed, and may have broad prospects as well.
The Application of Reverse Engineering in Innovation Design
Authors: Sha Ling
Published: December 2013

The concept of reverse engineering, reverse design process and reverse analysis were introduced in this paper, and has been used in teaching practice of mechanical design specialized curriculum, the students will be guided to apply method of reverse design to the innovation design of product by motorcycle as an example. Through the reverse design and analysis of motorcycle, students have a comprehensive understanding about computer integrated manufacturing system, which will cultivate technology talents who can adapt to the advanced manufacturing technology development and meet the requirement of the society.
ANSYS Parametric Design of Double Layer Cylinder Reticulated Shell by the Upper and Lower Translation
Authors: Lu Xiao Yang , Zhao Xiao Wei , Chen Shi Ying , Li Rong , Wang Qiao Sha
Published: December 2013

The five double layer cylinder reticulated shells (single diagonal rod cylinder reticulated shell, Foeppl cylinder reticulated shell, double diagonal rod cylinder reticulated shell, lamella cylinder reticulated shell and three way grid of cylinder reticulated shell) are developed by adopting the upper and lower translation method. Five connection forms of web member (cross truss, positive four pyramidal, upend four pyramidal, evacuated positive four pyramidal, evacuated upend four pyramidal) and the methods of the node generation and element connection are established in the cylindrical coordinate system. By using the ANSYS parametric design language APDL, the corresponding parametric design macro program is developed so that the five double-layer cylindrical shells can be parametrically modeled under the given parameters such as shell type, shell span D, rise high t, thickness h, length L and number of grids m and n, etc. Examples prove that this method is simple, efficient and pragmatic, which provides great convenience for the force analysis and the optimization scheme comparison.
A Study on the Key Parameters of Slit Air Nozzle for the Coating Process of Li-Ion Power Battery
Authors: Han Liang , Wang Shen Wang , Lu Wen Zhou , Xiao Feng
Published: December 2013

The coating and drying process of Li-ion power battery plays an important role in performance of battery. Its drying system is composed of an air inlet and return pipe, heat exchanger, air nozzle and so on. The air nozzle is a key component of drying system. Whether its design is reasonable or not, it will directly affect the distribution of the velocity, pressure and other factors in the dryer. In this paper, the simulation research of the key parameters of slit air nozzle on the coating and drying of Li-ion power battery will be achieved by using fluid simulation software. And then we determine the slit width of the air nozzle with 3mm, slit angle of air nozzle with 60° on the basis of the simulation results.
Effect of the Mechanical Properties and Geometric Parameters on the Crack Density of the Thin Film/Substrate System under Residual Stress and Uniaxial Tensile Loading
Authors: Yang Ban Quan , Du Jun , Chen Xue Jun , Sun Wei Hai , Chen Hong Qian , Pan Jing Wen , Chen Ying
Published: December 2013

The effect of the mechanical properties and geometric parameters on the crack density of the thin film/substrate system under residual stress and uniaxial tensile loading is investigated in this work. The numerical results show that the crack density of the thin film increases with the increase of the Youngs modulus of the thin film and (or) the shear modules of the interface layer, and it decreases with the increase of the thickness of the thin film and (or) the fracture strength of the thin film. These results can help us more deeply understand the fracture behavior of the brittle thin film on the substrate under residual stress and external tensile loading.
Inertia Parameters Identification of Motor Assembly for Electric Vehicles Based on Modal Test Method
Authors: He Li Zhao , Yu Peng , Zhang Tong , Guo Rong
Published: December 2013

Inertia parameters are essential for motor assembly mounting design, which mainly includes the mass, center of mass (CM) coordinates, moment of inertia and product of inertia. This paper explains the principle and methods of modal test method. One vehicle drive motor assembly is taken as the research object, its inertia parameters are identified using this modal test method. Finally test error analysis is also performed.
Mechanical Analysis and Structural Optimization to theTraining Device for Squatting
Authors: Zhang Heng Wen , Shen Yue
Published: December 2013

As for squat trainer, acommon fitness equipment, we do mechanical analysis and structural optimization from manufacturing costs and safety. With physical structure analysis and intensity check, we have materials and structural optimization for the equipment. This analysis method can be extended to other fitness equipment.
The Impact of Suspension Stiffness Parameters on the Curve through Performance of Straddle Type Monorail Vehicle Based on Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Du Zi Xue , Liang Zhi Hua , Wen Xiao Xia
Published: December 2013

The curve through performance of straddle type monorail vehicle include performance-oriented, preventing derailment stability, preventing vehicle overturning stability, tire wear performance, which are evaluated by oriented torque, the minimum vertical force of horizontal wheels, vehicle body roll angle, overturning coefficient, the sum of tire forces scalar. With the virtual simulation model in ADAMS, this paper analyzes the impact of the monorail vehicle suspension stiffness parameters on the evaluation indexes by sensitivity analysis.
Transverse Vibration Testing Research for 6.8 Grades Bolted Joint Used on Transmission Tower
Authors: Dai Xiao Hao , Feng Yan Ting , Niu Xiao Guang , Fan Hui , Wang Qiang , Chang Xing Ya
Published: December 2013

Five groups of vibration experiments were carried out on the 6.8 grades and M20 bolts and nuts that used on transmission tower. The test result shows that the basic way to improve the anti-loosening property was increasing the initial preload. Both increasing initial torque and appending lubrication can obviously increase the initial preload, however appending lubrication may reduce it's anti-loosening property under the situation of same preload. In the vibrating process the second stage plays a decisive role for anti-loosening property, it can be expressed as reduced rate “K” of the preload.
Vertical Vibration Characteristics Analysis of Stand Rolls System in Six-Roll Cold Tandem Mill
Authors: Zhang Ying , Liu Li , Shi Pei Ming , Liu Bin
Published: December 2013

A dynamic model of seven degree of freedom for the vertical vibration of stand rolls system in a cold tandem mill is developed by Kinematics Theory. According to the actual parameters of a factory six-roll cold rolling mill, the influence of natural frequency and modes for rolling process is analyzed. It finds that the third-order and the six-order natural frequency play a role key in vertical vibration system. Combined with energy distribution of each part and flexibility of the modes analysis for vertical vibration system, it can avoid resonance of rolling process and optimize the parameters of stand rolls system by adjusting structural size appropriately. The above mentioned results have provided a reference for further research on Kinematics and structural optimization of six-roll cold tandem mill.
Experimental Study on the Surface Roughness of 40Cr by Ultrasonic Finishing Machining
Authors: Lu Shuai Shuai , Fu Xiu Li , Ze Xiang Bo
Published: December 2013

The research object is 40Cr shaft parts after quenched and tempered. Optimize the main process parameters working pressure, frequency and amplitude of ultrasonic finishing. It is obtained that the various parameters influence the surface roughness of the machining samples and the optimum technological parameters combination which is consistent with experimental results. Using the SPSS software to analyze the results, obtained the process parameters impact trend of the postprocessing roughness. Contrast groups of test data, the best result was reduced by 98.4% compared with the initial roughness , reached the Ra0.04μm.
Preparation and Characterization of Polyimide Foam Derived from 3,3’,4,4’-Biphenyltertacarboxylic Dianhydride and 4,4’- Diaminodiphenyl
Authors: Yang Fei , Geng Xiao Yi , Zhang Li Juan , Ma Gang , Xiao Ji Jun
Published: December 2013

The polyimide foam (PIF) was prepared by the foaming of precursor derived from dimethyl ester of 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (MDA). The structure and properties of polymers were investigated by FTIR, 1H NMR, TG, DSC, SEM and mechanical testing. The findings show the PIF developed is of glass transition temperature of about 309°C, weight loss 5wt% at 517°C, density of 0.0018 g/cm3, cell structure of about 150μm, open-cell of 20%, thermal conductivity of 0.0277W/cm·K suitable for thermal insulation foam.
The Analysis of Processing Factors for Electro-Arc Machining
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Qin He , Kong De Zheng , Ren Yang
Published: December 2013

Electro-arc machining is similar with traditional electrical discharge machining (EDM) while the pulse duration of electro-arc machining is longer than that of EDM. The longer discharge was named arcing, and the arcing could lead to high material remove rate (MRR) and low tool wear ratio (TWR). Processing factors including discharge medium, tool polarity, tool material, voltage and rotational speed were chosen as input parameters on MRR and TWR. Taguchis method was used to evaluate their effects. All of the five processing factors had effects on MRR and TWR. The effects and the mechanism are also discussed.
A Power Optimization Algorithm for Ad Hoc Networks with Variable Rate Control
Authors: Ning Xuan Jie , Zhao Hai , Yang Mao Fan , Wu Dan
Published: December 2013

This paper is concerned with the capacity of ad hoc networks employing pure ALOHA medium access control (MAC) protocol under the effect of different transmission power levels and variable data rate control. The data rate of a certain link is related to the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR), and SINR is, in turn, related to the transmitted power and link distance. The increasing power conducts a high data rate, resulting in the high interference of networks. Consequently, the optimum power that yields maximum network throughput is a tradeoff between transmission rate and network interference. Mathematical model analysis for the ad hoc network capacity are presented in the paper. A revised expression to the approximate calculating of the capture probability in networks is proposed.
A Study on the Inspection Technology of the Electrode Defects of Li-Ion Power Battery Based on HALCON
Authors: Han Liang , Liu Yong Ming , He Dan Ya , Xiao Feng
Published: December 2013

Li-ion battery becomes an important development direction because of energy shortage and environmental pollution. The electrode is the main part of Li-ion battery, which has the important influence to the performance, cycle life and the capacity of the battery. So, it is necessary that we should accurately detect the surface defects of the electrode. The paper provides a detection approach based on industrial camera and image processing software HALCON. The machine vision technology is used to detect defects of the electrode, and the high-performance software HALCON to process and analyze the acquired image. The combination of software and hardware can improve the efficiency of detection.
Development of Machine Vision Positioning System of Magnetorheological Fluid (MRF) Actuator
Authors: Husaini A.B. , Izzat Ghazali , Zahurin Samad , Rusli Othman
Published: December 2013

Magnetorheological valve offers several advantages such as controllability, small in size and no moving part during operation. Thus, many researchers are working on developing an actuator based on this valve. However, this actuator required feedback system to improve it precision. This research is focusing on developing of machine vision based positioning system for MRF actuator. Image processing algorithms coded using Matlab software and directly connect to MRF valve controller. As a result, the system shows a fast response with processing time only 0.6 millisecond, system resolution is 0.1 millimeter and finally repeatability is 0.01. As a conclusion, the machine vision system are applicable for MRF actuator positioning system. This study is significant in order to developing a low cost and robust positioning system.
Preparation of Monodisperse Functional Polystyrene/Silica Microsphere Composite via Suspension Polymerization Method
Authors: Zhou Sen , Li Xu Jian , Shi Yong Juan , Yan Chun Jie
Published: December 2013

The monodisperse functional Polystyrene/Silica (PS/silica) microsphere has been successfully prepared via suspension polymerization followed by the modified silica composite phenylethylene method. The FTIR, SEM, EDS and BEI were used to characterize the structure and composition of monodisperse functional PS/Silica microspheres. The results indicated that the dosage of silica modifier affect the compatibility of the modified silica and phenyl ethylene. The several modified silica would synergistically impact on the morphology and performance of products corresponding to distinguish formation mechanisms. The thermal stability and compressive strength performance had been improved compared with polystyrene (PS).The weight loss of PS/Silica microspheres were less than polystyrene (PS) which weightlessness ratio is 96.92 wt %. The compressive strength of PS/Silica microspheres was almost two times as many as pure PS microspheres. The formation mechanism of monodisperse functional PS/Silica microsphere was developed ahead according to the results of FTIR, SEM, EDS and BEI under various polymerization conditions.
Fault Detection and Discrimination of Rotating Machinery Using Frequency Symptom Parameter and Bayesian Network
Authors: Jiang Hai Yang , Wang Hua Qing , Chen Peng
Published: December 2013

This paper proposes a novel fault diagnosis method for rotating machinery based on symptom parameters and Bayesian Network. Non-dimensional symptom parameters in frequency domain calculated from vibration signals are defined for reflecting the features of vibration signals. In addition, sensitive evaluation method for selecting good non-dimensional symptom parameters using the method of discrimination index is also proposed for detecting and distinguishing faults in rotating machinery. Finally, the application example of diagnosis for a roller bearing by Bayesian Network is given. Diagnosis results show the methods proposed in this paper are effective.
PLC-Based Stamp Puncher
Authors: Rui Li Niu , Quan Peng Qu
Published: December 2013

In order to facilitate the Notes user, this paper describes a bill automatic punching machine control system as a design core of PLC.And it introduces the working principle in detail and the main technical parameters of the control system .Meanwhile the thesis illustrates the design process of bill automatic punching machine control system from two aspects of hardware and software.
Study on CCT Curve and Microstructure Evolution of HRB500E
Authors: Tian Peng , Zhong Zhi Yong , Bai Rui Guo , Zhang Xing Li , Wang Quan Li , Gao Hai , Zhang Jun Fen
Published: December 2013

The microstructure evolution and hardness change were studied for vanadium containing high strength seismic rebar HRB500E at different cooling rates. The experimental results showed that bainite and martensite gradual emerged with the increasing cooling rate and resulted in an increasing micro-hardness. The cooling rate should be controlled at 0.5°C/s to 7°C/s to ensure good performances of steel rebar. The CCT curve of HRB500E measured with the inflation method and metallographic-Hardness method could provide the theoretical basis for controlled cooling process.
Rate-Dependent Constitutive Model Coupled with Temperature Softening for Open-Cell Aluminum Foam
Authors: Zheng Wei , Pang Bao Jun , Chen Yong
Published: December 2013

Both quasi-static compressive tests and dynamic loading tests on the open-cell aluminum foam made of 6061 aluminum alloy were firstly conducted. The Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB) apparatus was used to perform the dynamic loading tests. The rate-dependent constitutive model for the open-cell aluminum foam was then studied. Based on the empirical constitutive model proposed by Sherwood for polyurethane foam, a new function was found to analyze the three-stage characteristic of quasi-static stress-strain curve of the aluminum foam. Moreover, the temperature softening was also modified. Thus a new strain rate hardening constitutive model coupled with temperature softening for the open-cell aluminum foam was obtained. Finally, both Taylor impact tests and finite element analysis (FEA) were conducted to verify the new constitutive model and the results show that the model was reliable.
An Application of the Common Maintenance Time in the System Maintenance Allocation
Authors: Lv Chuan , Yang Jian Sen
Published: December 2013

The maintenance allocation methods play an important role in the design and maintenance of product. However, lots of deficiencies exist in practical application by using these methods. To allocate the system MTTR( Mean Time to Repair) to the subsystems more precisely and reasonable, a better model is needed. The purpose of this article is to raise an improved method to allocate the MTTR more accurately.
Study on the Experiment of Ion Transport Properties in Single Area Double Vortexes Plate ESP
Authors: Liu Hong , Zhou Min Yi , Yi Cheng Wu , Du Yan Sheng , Wang Hui Juan , Yin Tian
Published: December 2013

This paper explores the effect of factors on the ion concentration ne in single area double vortexes plate ESP. For example, the distance L between the export and the discharge electrode, applied electric field voltage U, the interval of collecting plates d, gas velocity υ, etc. Then the experimental results and data has been analyzed, and it is concluded that ne becomes maximum under the circumstance of U=18kV, L=100mm, d=100mm, υ=4m/s. The increasing charge capacity of fine particles can improve charging efficiency, and enhance the particles velocity and removal efficiency so as to provide a basis for the application of this type of dust removal equipment.
A Link Evaluation Method Employing Statistical Means of Received Signal Strength Indicator and Link Quality Indicator for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ning Xuan Jie , Zhao Hai , Yang Mao Fan , Chai Hua Feng
Published: December 2013

This paper is concerned with a wireless receiving link evaluation method using statistical means of received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and link quality indicator (LQI) based on the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol for wireless sensor networks. Traditional methods using single RSSI and single LQI based on the IEEE 802.11 protocol have the disadvantage of the inaccurate evaluation. In this paper, we carry out a quantitative emulation experiment via computing statistical means of RSSI and LQI based on wireless sensor networks protocol of IEEE 802.15.4. Tested numerical values are analyzed using MATLAB and SPSS by defining the wireless link evaluation sensitivity. Result curves of RSSI to packet reception rate (PRR) and LQI to PRR we finally derive are shown that statistical means of RSSI and LQI can obtain the status information of receiving links more accurately, compared with the traditional wireless link evaluation using single RSSI and single LQI.
Research on Automatic Winding System of Coreless Package
Authors: Gan Bin Bin , Zou Kun , Wen Jin Hua
Published: December 2013

In order to solve the revolutionary labor cost, carpet loom yarn waste and production efficiency problem, the author puts forward a kind of new intelligent creel which is based on coreless package storage device. This paper summarizes the automatic winding system of intelligent creel and originally proposes the concept coreless package. The automatic winding unit is responsible for coreless package winding and auxiliary industrial robot finishes gripping, clipping and getting the yarn on. The system designs distributed control system (DCS) of Multi-robot for Intelligent creel based on CAN bus.
Performance Analysis of LDPC Coded SFH/BPSK in LFM Jamming
Authors: Li Jiong , Wang Man Xi , Guo Dao Xing , Pan Xiao Fei
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we investigated the low density parity check (LDPC) coded performances of slow-frequency-hopped binary phase shift-keying (SFH/BPSK) systems in the presence linear frequency modulated (LFM) jamming. We investigated the effects of code rate, code length, the number of symbols per hop (SPH) and interleaver on the performance of the SFH/BPSK system with LFM jamming by numerical simulation. And the results suggest that there is good performance through designing the system reasonably.
Safety Assessment of Solid Rocket Motor Waterjet Clearing System Based on Grey Analytic Hierarchy Process
Authors: Zhu Zuo Ming , Gao Xin , Wang Xuan Jun , Han Qi Long , Cui Hu
Published: December 2013

Basing on the complexity and uncertainty of many risk factors which were presented in the solid rocket motor waterjet clearing system, according to operating procedures of the waterjet clearing system, the analytic hierarchy process was adopted to establish its safety evaluation index system, and then the gray comprehensive evaluation was used to evaluate the solid rocket motor waterjet clearing system security. The evaluation results indicate that the solid rocket motor waterjet clearing system's comprehensive evaluation value is 3.1126 and at a higher risk situation, thus there is need to strengthen the prevention and control of the risk factors in it; the comprehensive evaluation value of the waterjet clearing platform is 3.2417, which is higher than the overall comprehensive evaluation value, therefore it should be paid attention to in risk prevention and control; the evaluation result is in good agreement with the actual situation.
DOM Products: Activation Energy Estimation and Reliability Assessment
Authors: Huang Chien Yi , Lin Yueh Hsun , Huang Eric
Published: December 2013

A scientific approach is proposed in this research to investigate a disk on module (DOM) product's activation energy based on experimental data that eliminates subjective experience. This study considers multiple temperature conditions to enhance the accuracy of activation energy estimation. In order to ensure the consistency of failure mode in each temperature scenario, the slopes of Weibul probability plots obtained from the failure data are calculated followed by an examination for parallelism. The estimated life time under normal service condition differs from the results obtained using the industrial standard given activation energy by approximately 42%.
Immune-Based Algorithm for Power Economic Emission Dispatch
Authors: Chiang Chao Lung
Published: December 2013

This paper proposes an artificial immune system for the economic environmental dispatch (EED) of the hydrothermal power system (HPS), considering non-smooth fuel cost and emission level functions. The artificial immune system (AIS) equipped with an accelerated operation and a migration operation can efficiently search and actively explore solutions. The multiplier updating (MU) is introduced to handle the equality and inequality constraints of the HPS, and the ε-constraint technique is employed to manage the constraints of HPS. To show the advantages of the proposed algorithm, one example addressing the best compromise is applied to test the EED problem of the HPS. The proposed algorithm integrates the AIS, the MU and the ε-constraint technique, revealing that the proposed approach has the following merits – 1)ease of implementation; 2)applicability to non-smooth fuel cost and emission level functions; 3)better effectiveness than the previous method, and 4)the requirement for only a small population in applying the optimal EED problem of the HPS.
The Theoretical Research about the Piezoelectric Materials Generating Capacity on Road
Authors: Rui Li , Xiao Yi Cheng , Pei Jian Zhong , Zhao Xiao Kang
Published: December 2013

This article determine the wheel load on the role of piezoelectric vibrator in the way as the low-frequency vibration force through analyzing the wheel load, and the loading frequency is 10Hz;in this paper, combining with asphalt roadbed structural response, we get that the piezoelectric conversion device that between the above layer and the middle layer generate optimal performance adopting the theoretical calculation, a single piezoelectric vibrator can generate the electricity by a 2.62 mJ, what provides a theoretical support for the pavement performance of the piezoelectric material.
Influence of Mineral Admixtures on Corrosion Potential of Reinforced Concrete at Early Stage
Authors: Li Hai Hong , Fan Zhi Hong , Li Peng Ping
Published: December 2013

An artificial climate experiment system was designed and established to study reinforcement corrosion of concrete in splash zone at early stage. The relationship between corrosion potential and mineral admixtures was discussed. The results show that changes of mineral admixtures material will affect the corrosion potential of reinforcing steel in concrete, of which slag is the most obvious.
Research on Separation of Mixed Copper-Lead Concentrate
Authors: Li Di Fei , Liu Quan Jun , Lan Zhuo Yue
Published: December 2013

This paper presented the results of an investigation into effects of reagent removal by activated carbon, regrinding and combined depressant on the separation of chalcopyrite and galena. With the utilization of a selective collector called Z-200, a separation test of mixed copper-lead concentrate was conducted. By adopting single-stage roughing, two-stage scavenging, two-stage cleaning, a copper concentrate of containing 21.72% Cu, 7.81% Pb with the copper recovery of 91.28%, and a lead concentrate of containing 62.16% Pb, 0.82% Cu with the lead recovery of 95.24% were obtained.
Fine Aggregate Interference on Thermal Stability of Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Zhang Chen Chen , Yang Guang , Zhou Li Jia , Wu Jing Hang
Published: December 2013

Fine aggregates are sensitive parts to skeleton structure of mixture and decrease rutting resistance of asphalt mixtures. In order to evaluate the high temperature performance of mixtures with different fine aggregate (2.36mm and 1.18mm) content, 16 gradations were investigated. Flow number test and rutting test was conducted to evaluate anti-rutting performance of mixtures. Then, interference coefficient was put forward to analyze interference rule of high temperature performance. The results show that high temperature performance was improved with the increasing size of nominal maximum aggregate size; the interference effects of fine aggregate ( 2.36mm and 1.18 mm ) is inversely proportional to nominal maximum aggregate size.
Research on Bonding Strength of Steel and Concrete with Different Bonding Interfaces
Authors: Chen Zong Ping , Liang Ying , Chen Yu Liang
Published: December 2013

For the purpose of researching the natural bonding behavior of different interfaces between steel and concrete in SRC structures, four specimens are designed to launch the monotonic push-out loading test. Each specimen is used to consider one case, including the bonding of the external flange, internal flange, web and whole cross-sections with the concrete. Failure process and modes of these specimens were observed during the test. Load-slip curves and ultimate bond strength are obtained and the bonding strength between different interfaces of steel and concrete was analyzed. The results show that the bonding strengths of different interfaces in SRC members are not equal. The minimum bonding strength occurs in web, the bonding strength of external flange is higher, and the maximum bonding strength occurs in internal flange, the ratio of the strength is 1:1.39:1.59.
The Dynamic Response Simulation Analysis of U-Shaped Metro Tunnel
Authors: Liqun Yuan , Yuming Men , Hongjia Liu
Published: December 2013

In order to make model loading plan reasonably, point loads and moving loads are used in the finite element calculation model of subway tunnel, and the result shows that: the time-history curves of acceleration are uniform under two conditions of point loads and moving loads in the U-shaped Metro tunnel orthogonal with the ground fissure, and they are consistent with the load curve. Under two conditions of point loads and moving loads, the maximum displacement along the tunnel arch bottom are at the end of the tunnel and the minimum displacement are at the middle. In these two conditions, the distributions of the displacements are agreement. The vertical acceleration of lining arch bottom has much difference with the loading frequencies changed. In point load conditions, the maximum acceleration curve of 3Hz, 8Hz take on inverted V shaped and the maximum acceleration curve of 5Hz, 10Hz, 15Hz and 20Hz take on a V shape; in moving loads case, the maximum acceleration curve of 5Hz is inverted V shaped; the maximum acceleration curve of 20Hz is V shaped; the maximum acceleration curve of 8Hz is lower left upper right; and the maximum the acceleration curve of 10Hz and 15Hz are upper left lower right.
Predicting Model of Safe Distance between Tunnel and Karst Cave
Authors: Lai Yong Biao , Wang Meng Shu , Bai Cheng Uang
Published: December 2013

A method of predicting safe distance between tunnel and karst cave based on support vector machine was proposed, 10 parameters (rock density,elasticity modulus E, poisson ratio, friction angle, cohesion C, lateral pressure coefficient , the karst cave span L,rate between height and span of the Karst cave R, tunnel deep H,cave position) were chosen for safe distance influence factors, then an intelligent predicting model of safe distance between tunnel and karst cave was built, this predicting model can predict 7 kinds position of safe distance between tunnel and concealed karst cave and was feasible and high prediction precision, which was verified by engineering example.
Seismic Behavior of RC Columns With Corner Focus Longitudinal Bars
Authors: Song Kun , Li Zhen Bao
Published: December 2013

Many frame structures were damaged for the column hinge mechanism in the Wenchuan earthquake because of the biaxial seismic action. Four reinforced concrete columns with corner focus longitudinal bars were tested to improve the seismic behavior of RC columns subjected to multiaxial loading. The hysteretic behavior, skeleton curves and feature points were discussed. The results indicate that the method can improve seismic behavior of RC columns
Reliability Index Study of Asphalt Pavement Construction Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Rui Li , Li Jie , Xiao Yi Cheng , Pei Jian Zhong
Published: December 2013

In order to control the construction of asphalt pavement more precisely, an analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used to screen the major control index during the construction process.. The results show that compactness, air void and thickness of surface course are the control indexes affecting construction quality, and are the major factors that lead to early damages. The weights of the three indexes are 0.43788, 0.2614, and 0.1818, respectively. Obvious correlations are shown between compactness and air void as well as thickness of surface. Finally, the compactness is chosen as the control index of construction based on the principle of convenient measurement and used to calculate reliability.
Comparison Analysis of the Aggregate Contact Characteristics between Skeleton-Dense and Suspended-Dense Structure Asphalt Mixture
Authors: Shi Li Wan , Wang Duan Yi , Masley Julius , Zhang Shu Wen
Published: December 2013

The contact between aggregates is an important feature of asphalt mixture skeleton. By comparing skeleton-dense and suspended-dense structure asphalt mixture test results, this paper studied the distribution characteristics of coarse aggregate contacts by using two-dimension digital image processing technique. The results indicate that skeleton-dense asphalt mixture has more homogeneous distribution of contact points, and a relatively stable skeleton structure than suspended-dense mixture. In two-dimension image, homogeneous distribution of contact points and little unrestrained coarse aggregates are two evident characteristics of asphalt mixture with good rutting resistance. The rutting resistance of asphalt mixture has no correlation with contact points, but is related to the spatial distribution of the contact points.
Analysis on the Groundwater Control for Shallow Pedestrian Tunnel in Round Gravel Layer
Authors: Yuan Hua
Published: December 2013

Underground engineering accidents occurred recently have highlighted the importance of groundwater control. At present, there is little analysis about the groundwater control for shallow pedestrian tunnel located in high permeable round gravel layer. In this paper, the groundwater control method for pedestrian tunnel in such strata is researched. The proposed groundwater control scheme is eventually adopted, and has been proved effective with the successful completion of Kerry – Huarun Pedestrian tunnel project.
A Preliminary Survey of Factors Influencing Project Cost Estimating Practice in the Klang Valley of Malaysia
Authors: Toh Tien Choon , Lim Cheng Sim , Ting Connie , Ali Kherun Nita , Aliagha Godwin Uche , Goh Kai Chen
Published: December 2013

The objective of the survey which was conducted in the Klang Valley of Malaysia was to prioritise factors that are considered by building contractors in estimating the construction cost of buildings. Respondents selected by simple random sampling have been asked to assign a one-to-five rating for each of the total of 79 cost factors identified from the literature review. The result of the preliminary survey of factors influencing project cost estimating practice of building contractors has indicated that only 35 cost factors have been regarded by the respondents from small, medium and large building construction companies as highly relevant for building construction projects. ‘Client requirements on quality’ was found to be the most significant cost factor influencing the construction cost of buildings.
Study on a Novel Structure of Terbium Complex, C6H14O19Tb2
Authors: Liu Hai Xing , Liu Qing , Peng Xue Wei , Wang Lin Tong , Han Li Kun , Ye Kai Qi , Yue Hui Juan
Published: December 2013

The Tb complex C6H14O19Tb2 has been synthesized from a hydrothermal reaction and the crystal structure has been determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The Tb atom is coordinated by nine O atoms. The molecular structure stabilized by the O-H…O hydrogen-bonding interactions.
Study on Parameters of Grouting Reinforced Circle for Water-Rich and Soft Fault Fracture Zone in Tunnel
Authors: Li Zhi Peng , Li Shu Cai , Zhang Qing Song , Zhang Xiao , Wang De Ming , Zhu Ming Ting , Zhang Lian Zhen
Published: December 2013

Water-rich and soft fault fracture zone is the geologic disaster source of water and mud outbursts in tunnel while the curtain grouting is an effective management method. To determine appropriate parameters of the grouting reinforced circle, depending on fluid-solid coupling theory and numerical simulation of the seepage fieldstress field, the influence of parameters to the water inflow and stability is analyzed while grouting effect was evaluated from the two aspects of reinforcement and water plugging. The conclusion show: the permeabilitystrength and thickness of the grouting reinforced circle are important factors of water inflow and surrounding stability while the choice of the thickness is inflected by the permeability and strength, when which reached a certain value the minimum thickness of the grouting reinforced circle is gotten.
Collapse Cause Analysis and Treatment Research of West Slope Tunnel
Authors: Wang Hui Min , Guo Hua Jun
Published: December 2013

Abstract: West Slope Tunnel's surrounding rock is broken. A positive step method is used in the reconstruction process of collapsed West Slope Tunnel. During tunnel construction process, heavy rain cause a landslide failure of tunnel (Located in DK51+175- DK51+195). The mainly collapsed area is located in the position of DK51+180. According to collapsing, we executed the settlement observation, cross-section deformation detection and upper crack observation.When collapse settlement is basically stable, the collapse is segmented to settle. The previous board of Secondary lining for the collapse need to add steel reinforcement and tunnel collapse cavity backfill C30 concrete. When concrete strength is expected ,it need to be excavated and must keep the core soil. The advanced small pipe is needed to stabilize the soil before the excavation section. In invasion of secondary lining collapse, girdle previous Primary Support and reform Primary Support.. Add I16 steel frame where necessary. We must strengthen the tunnel monitoring to ensure the safety during tunnel construction process.
Analytical Study on Seismic Performance of Switchboard with Hybrid Spring Supports
Authors: Choi Kyung Suk , Jun Sae Mee , Yi Waon Ho , Kim Hyung Joon
Published: December 2013

Electrical equipment such as switchboard should be protected from the seismic hazard to enable stable electric power supply even after the earthquake, since its seismic damage results in the severe damage such as social chaos, fire, and explosion. The general method to secure the excellent seismic performance of switchboards is to reduce the inertial forces by introduction of base isolating systems into a switchboard frame. However, the introduction of base isolating systems may cause the increase of installation and manufacturing costs, which is more true for a low-and medium-seismicity zones, such as Korea. In order to solve finance-related problems, this paper evaluates the seismic performance of switchboards supported by the hybrid springs consisting of wire rope elastic mounts with vertical and horizontal direction stiffness and polyurethane that provides additional vertical stiffness and damping. To do this, this study constructs an analytical model that can properly capture the hysteretic behavior of a hybrid spring. Nonlinear time-history analyses were carried out with floor acceleration time-histories taking into account Koreas seismic design quantities. The analysis results show relatively small deformation of switchboard supported by hybrid springs and high resistance against over-turning moments due to additional vertical stiffness of polyurethane.
Supporting Design and Stability Analysis of a Subway Station's Main Body Tunneling
Authors: Li Zhao Guang , Sui Zhi Li , Zhang Quan Zhen , Xu Tie Jun
Published: December 2013

In this paper, taking a subway station as the design background, combining with the design conditions and the surrounding rock stability, hydrogeology conditions, and using numerical simulation and engineering analogy method, the main structure of the station excavation section is excavated and the tunneling segment supports is designed. Using FLAC3D software to build a subway station tunneling segment model, with reference to the analog out of the design parameters and excavation program, strictly in accordance with the small block and step into the ring principle, the excavation and support are simulated, and the numerical calculation is performed, then from the stress, displacement, plastic zone and other aspects, the station shallow section stability of the support is analyzed, the effect of excavation station bringing to the surrounding soil stability is calculated.
Thermal Technical Assessment of Selected Constructions of Wooden Houses
Authors: Kučerová Lucie , Černíková Marcela , Hrubá Barbora
Published: December 2013

Permanent increase of energy prices leads to the construction of new houses in the low-energy and passive standard. In particular, the development of wooden buildings in recent years has experienced a boom and their positive qualities are coming to the attention of potential investors. Thanks to this the new technologies of construction are still being developed and the new wood-based materials tested. All of these materials and technologies must follow the standards which tightened the thermal technical requirements.
Analyzing Method Based on the Average Power of the Input Energy into Sliding Isolation System
Authors: Sun Min , Sun Yu Zhou , Li Lei
Published: December 2013

An analyzing method is proposed to achieve a better study about the energy change which is inputted into a sliding base seismic-isolation system within any range of period during an earthquake. The proposed method is based on the average power index of the input energy into the sliding isolation system, and the corresponding formula are derived. The average power index is numerically estimated and analyzed for the different sliding isolation systems under a varity of conditions with the different duration period and friction coefficient. It is shown that the average input power depends strongly on the friction coefficient, and it can well reflect how much average energy are inputted in the sliding isolation system within any range of duration. So, the analyzing method based on the average power can be well used to study the natural property of the earthquake.