bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic coordination of the perirhinal cortical neurons supports coherent representations between task epochs
Authors: Ohnuki Tomoya , Osako Yuma , Manabe Hiroyuki , Sakurai Yoshio , Hirokawa Junya
Published: July 2020

Cortical neurons show distinct firing patterns across multiple task epochs characterized by different computations. Recent studies suggest that such distinct patterns underlie dynamic population code achieving computational flexibility, whereas neurons in some cortical areas often show coherent firing patterns across epochs. To understand how coherent single-neuron code contributes to dynamic population code, we analyzed neural responses in the rat perirhinal cortex (PRC) during cue and reward epochs of a two-alternative forced-choice task. We found that the PRC neurons often encoded the opposite choice directions between those epochs. By using principal component analysis as a population-level analysis, we identified neural subspaces associated with each epoch, which reflected coordination across the neurons. The cue and reward epochs shared neural dimensions where the choice directions were consistently discriminated. Interestingly, those dimensions were supported by dynamically changing contributions of the individual neurons. These results demonstrated heterogeneity of coherent single-neuron representations in their contributions to population code.
A gain of function mutation in SlNRC4a enhances basal immunity resulting in broad-spectrum disease resistance
Authors: Pizarro Lorena , Leibman-Markus Meirav , Gupta Rupali , Kovetz Neta , Shtein Ilana , Bar Einat , Davidovich-Rikanati Rachel , Zarivach Raz , Lewinsohn Efraim , Avni Adi , Bar Maya
Published: July 2020

Plants rely on innate immunity to perceive and ward off microbes and pests, and are able to overcome the majority of invading microorganisms. Even so, specialized pathogens overcome plant defenses, posing a persistent threat to crop and food security worldwide, raising the need for agricultural products with broad, efficient resistance. Here we report a specific mutation in a tomato (S. lycopersicum) helper nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat H-NLR, SlNRC4a, which results in gain of function constitutive basal defense activation, in absence of PRR activation. Knockout of the entire NRC4 clade in tomato was reported to compromise Rpi-blb2 mediated immunity. The SlNRC4a mutant reported here possesses enhanced immunity and disease resistance to a broad-spectrum of pathogenic fungi, bacteria and pests, while lacking auto-activated HR or negative effects on plant growth and crop yield, providing promising prospects for agricultural adaptation in the war against plant pathogens that decrease productivity.
Drought-modulated allometric patterns of trees in semi-arid forests
Authors: Dai Jingyu , Liu Hongyan , Wang Yongcai , Guo Qinghua , Hu Tianyu , Quine Timothy , Green Sophie , Hartmann Henrik , Xu Chongyang , Liu Xu , Jiang Zihan
Published: July 2020

Tree allometry in semi-arid forests is characterized by short height but large canopy. This pattern may be important for maintaining water-use efficiency and carbon sequestration simultaneously, but still lacks quantification. Here we use terrestrial laser scanning to quantify allometry variations of Quercus mongolica in semi-arid forests. With tree height (Height) declining, canopy area (CA) decreases with substantial variations. The theoretical CA-Height relationship in dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) matches only the 5th percentile of our results because of CA underestimation and Height overestimation by breast height diameter (DBH). Water supply determines Height variation (P = 0.000) but not CA (P = 0.2 in partial correlation). The decoupled functions of stem, hydraulic conductance and leaf spatial arrangement, may explain the inconsistency, which may further ensure hydraulic safety and carbon assimilation, avoiding forest dieback. Works on tree allometry pattern and determinant will effectively supply tree drought tolerance studying and support DGVM improvements.
A micellar mediated novel method for the determination of selenium in environmental samples using a chromogenic reagent
Authors: Pandey Garima Pravin , Singh Ajaya K. , Deshmukh Lata , Asthana Anupama , Yoshida Masafumi , Prasad Surendra
Published: July 2020

A novel, simple, sensitive and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of selenium(iv) in an acidic medium using rhodamine B hydrazide (RBH) has been developed.
“Lignophines”: lignin-based tertiary phosphines with metal-scavenging ability
Authors: Hajirahimkhan Soheil , Chapple Devon E. , Gholami Ghazale , Blacquiere Johanna M. , Xu Chunbao (Charles) , Ragogna Paul J.
Published: July 2020

Upconversion of lignin, a low-value biomass waste by-product, was achieved via a phosphane-ene reaction to give a phosphorus-rich polymer network. The material was used to sequester metals from catalytic reaction mixtures.
Role of electrolyte composition on the acid stability of mixed-metal oxygen evolution catalysts
Authors: Li Nancy , Keane Thomas P. , Veroneau Samuel S. , Nocera Daniel G.
Published: July 2020

Acid stability in catalysts that promote the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) involves an interplay between electrolyte and catalyst composition, both of which must be judiciously selected in order to promote activity and durability.
Optimizing zirconium metal–organic frameworks through steric tuning for efficient removal of Cr2O72−
Authors: Zhang Xiurong , Fan Weidong , Fu Mingyue , Jiang Weifeng , Lu Kebin , Wang Yutong , Sun Daofeng
Published: July 2020

Three Zr-based MOFs are obtained through steric tuning. The synergistic effect between porous structures and functional groups enhanced the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate for Cr2O72−.
Exploration of the double exchange in quantum cellular automata: proposal for a new class of cells
Authors: Palii Andrew , Clemente-Juan Juan Modesto , Rybakov Andrey , Aldoshin Sergey , Tsukerblat Boris
Published: July 2020

We propose to extend the class of systems suitable as cells for quantum cellular automata by including magnetic quantum dots and molecular mixed valence dimers to employ both charges and spin degrees of freedom.
Lanthanide metal–organic frameworks with nitrogen functional sites for the highly selective and sensitive detection of NADPH
Authors: Cao Wenqian , Xia Tifeng , Cui Yuanjing , Yu Yang , Qian Guodong
Published: July 2020

A series of isostructural fluorescent Ln-MOF [Ln(BPDC-xN)] (Ln = Eu/Tb, x = 0, 1, 2] probes was prepared using a nitrogen modification strategy to achieve the improved selective detection of NADPH.
PEM fuel cell distribution of relaxation times: a method for the calculation and behavior of an oxygen transport peak
Authors: Kulikovsky Andrei
Published: July 2020

A simple method for DRT calculation is developed and applied to understand oxygen transport in the catalyst layer of a PEM fuel cell.
Vibration mediated photodissociation dynamics of CH3SH: manipulation of the dynamic energy disposal into products
Authors: Lee Heesung , Kim Sang Kyu
Published: July 2020

The S–H bond dissociation dynamics of CH3SH have been investigated for the S1–S0transition mediated by either the S–H stretching (2608 cm−1) or CH3symmetric stretching (2951 cm−1) mode excitation in the S0state.
Template-free fabrication of hierarchical graphitic carbon nitride via self-assembled aggregates for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity under visible light
Authors: Xia Yingchun , Wang Deqi , Jia Ruixin , Xu Gege , Zhan Junjie , Lu Yanbing , Xu Weijian
Published: July 2020

A structure-retention strategy for hierarchical graphitic carbon nitride with enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity by direct calcination of self-assembled melamine aggregates.
Palladium-catalyzed cross-couplings by C–O bond activation
Authors: Zhou Tongliang , Szostak Michal
Published: July 2020

We present a comprehensive review of the recent advances made in the field of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling of C–O electrophiles.
Ag2Cu2O3 – a catalyst template material for selective electroreduction of CO to C2+ products
Authors: Martić Nemanja , Reller Christian , Macauley Chandra , Löffler Mario , Reichert Andreas M. , Reichbauer Thomas , Vetter Kim-Marie , Schmid Bernhard , McLaughlin David , Leidinger Paul , Reinisch David , Vogl Christoph , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Katsounaros Ioannis , Schmid Günter
Published: July 2020

Employing Ag2Cu2O3, a mixed metal oxide, as a template catalyst material for electrochemical reduction of CO enables generation of multi-carbon products with a faradaic efficiency of close to 92%, at a current density of 600 mA cm−2.
Facile fabrication of tunable porous zirconium fumarate based metal organic frameworks in the retention of nutrients from water
Authors: Aswin Kumar Ilango , Naushad Mu. , Ahamad Tansir , Viswanathan Natrayasamy
Published: July 2020

MOFs possess highly porous nature and enhanced surface area. The synthesized Zr@Fu MOF composite was utilized for NO3− and PO43− removal. At field conditions, Zr@Fu MOF composite reduces NO3− and PO43− concentration below the tolerance limit.
The potential roles of chitosan oligosaccharide in prevention of kidney injury in obese and diabetic conditions
Authors: Sutthasupha Prempree , Lungkaphin Anusorn
Published: July 2020

Potential effects of COS and the possible mechanisms.
Anti-obesity effects of capsaicin and the underlying mechanisms: a review
Authors: Li Run , Lan Yaqi , Chen Chengyu , Cao Yong , Huang Qingrong , Ho Chi-Tang , Lu Muwen
Published: July 2020

The mechanisms of anti-obesity effects of capsaicin in cell models, rodent models and human subjects were reviewed.
The effect of pH and hydrogen bond donor on the dissolution of metal oxides in deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Pateli Ioanna M. , Thompson Dana , Alabdullah Sahar S. M. , Abbott Andrew P. , Jenkin Gawen R. T. , Hartley Jennifer M.
Published: July 2020

pH and hydrogen bond donor type in DESs affects the solubility of metal oxides and selectivity of dissolution.
Sustainable synthesis of cyclodextrin-based polymers by exploiting natural deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Cecone Claudio , Hoti Gjylije , Krabicová Ilona , Appleton Silvia Lucia , Caldera Fabrizio , Bracco Pierangiola , Zanetti Marco , Trotta Francesco
Published: July 2020

This paper reports a novel, eco-friendly synthesis of βCD-based polymers developed by exploiting NADESs as a solvent and green reactants only.
Time-of-flight ICP-MS laser ablation zircon geochronology: assessment and comparison against quadrupole ICP-MS
Authors: Thompson Jay M. , Danyushevsky Leonid V. , Borovinskaya Olga , Tanner Martin
Published: July 2020

This study presents U–Pb isotopic and trace element results from the mineral zircon measured by nanosecond laser ablation coupled to either a time-of-flight ICP-MS, a quadrupole ICP-MS or both via a split stream arrangement.
Extracellular recording of direct synaptic signals with a CMOS-nanoelectrode array
Authors: Abbott Jeffrey , Ye Tianyang , Krenek Keith , Gertner Rona S. , Wu Wenxuan , Jung Han Sae , Ham Donhee , Park Hongkun
Published: July 2020

In this work, we use extracellular nanoelectrode arrays to non-invasively map, record, and stimulate in vitro rat neurons and their synaptic connections.
Utilizing ballistic nanoparticle impact to reconfigure the metal support interaction in Pt–TiN electrocatalysts
Authors: Datta Abheek , Ziadi Zakaria , Kumar Pawan , Sasaki Toshio , Danielson Eric , Porkovich Alexander J.
Published: July 2020

A new interaction triumvirate of N–Pt–Ti is established via ballistic bombardment of Pt nanoparticles on TiN films.
Exploratory studies of a multidimensionally talented simple MnII-based porous network: selective “turn-on” recognition @ cysteine over homocysteine with an indication of cystinuria and renal dysfunction
Authors: Bej Sourav , Hazra Abhijit , Das Riyanka , Saha Sourav Kr. , Corbella Montserrat , Banerjee Priyabrata
Published: July 2020

Selective and real field detection of biothiols (Cys and Hcy) from aqueous and extra bio-matrices by a simple MnII-MOF.
Activated carbon fibers as a support for nickel diimine complexes and their application in ethylene oligomerization
Authors: Variani Yuri M. , Lopes Christian W. , Nicola Bruna P. , Meira Debora M. , Pergher Sibele B. C. , Bernardo-Gusmão Katia
Published: July 2020

In this work, we demonstrate the synthesis and characterization of a new class of β-diimine ligand combined with the alkoxysilane group CPTMS ((3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane), covalently anchored to the surface of activated carbon fibers (ACF).
Structural analysis and catalytic activity of tetranuclear metal carboxylate clusters with a [KZn3(μ3-OH)(OOCCPh3)6] or [Zn4(μ4-O)(OOCCPh3)6] central motif
Authors: Petrus Rafał , Utko Józef , Sobota Piotr
Published: July 2020

Tetranuclear triphenylacetato zinc–potassium or zinc clusters of formula [KxZn4−x(μ3-OH)x(μ4-O)1−x(Ph3CCOO)6] where x = 0, 1, with interesting structural, physicochemical or catalytic properties were obtained.
Substituent-dependent reactivity of triarylantimony(iii) toward I2: isolation of [Ar3SbI]+ salt
Authors: Sharutin Vladimir V. , Sharutina Olga K. , Novikov Alexander S. , Adonin Sergey A.
Published: July 2020

The outcome of reactions of triarylantimony (Ar3Sb) with diiodine in benzene is strongly affected by the identity of the substituents.
Spiro 1,3-indandiones: intramolecular photochemical reactions of carbonyl groups with carbon–carbon double bonds
Authors: Lokshin Vladimir , Clavier Hervé , Khodorkovsky Vladimir
Published: July 2020

Spiro-1,3-indandiones involving a double CC bond undergo photochemical intramolecular reactions affording a variety of polycyclic products.
Solid-state host–guest influences on a BODIPY dye hosted within a crystalline sponge
Authors: Gee William J. , Shepherd Helena J. , Dawson Daniel M. , Ashbrook Sharon E. , Raithby Paul R. , Burrows Andrew D.
Published: July 2020

Hosting a BODIPY dye in a crystalline sponge bathochromically shifts luminescent emission.
Nanostructured manganese dioxide for anticancer applications: preparation, diagnosis, and therapy
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Ji Yuanhui
Published: July 2020

Challenges and future perspectives on nanostructured manganese dioxide (MnO2) for anticancer applications.
Ge-Modified GaN–ZnO wurtzite solid solutions with high Zn content for efficient photocatalytic H2 evolution from water under visible light illumination
Authors: Xu Xiaoxiang , Xie Yinghao , Fei Honghan , Jin Shu , Shao Yinlin
Published: July 2020

A new intermediate, Zn2GeO4, forms during synthesis of Ge-modified GaN–ZnO wurtzite solid solutions and results in high Zn content in the product.
Syntheses, structures and characterization of non-centrosymmetric Rb2Zn3(P2O7)2and centrosymmetric Cs2M3(P2O7)2(M = Zn and Mg)
Authors: Song Zhongfu , Yu Hongwei , Wu Hongping , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Wu Yicheng
Published: July 2020

Three phosphates Rb2Zn3(P2O7)2and Cs2M3(P2O7)2(M = Zn and Mg) were successfully synthesized by a high-temperature solution method.
Enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction with three-dimensional graphene hollow nanosphere supported single-atomic cobalt catalyst
Authors: Li Ji-Sen , Huang Meng-Jie , Chen Xiao-Nan
Published: July 2020

Three-dimensional graphene hollow nanospheres supported single-atomic cobalt catalyst shows superior electrocatalytic activity, long-term stability, and excellent methanol tolerance for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline media.
Enhanced thermoelectric properties of Zn-doped GaSb nanocomposites
Authors: Fu Qiang , Wu Zhimin , Li Jiapeng
Published: July 2020

The maximum ZT value of Zn-doped GaSb nanocomposites was improved by 51% corresponding to the literature bulk value.
Conformational dynamics of superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in osmolytes: a molecular dynamics simulation study
Authors: Jahan Ishrat , Nayeem Shahid M.
Published: July 2020

Change in conformations of apo and holo SOD1 in water and in osmolytes in terms of configurational entropy (S).
Inventing a facile method to constructBombyx mori(B. mori) silk fibroin nanocapsules for drug delivery
Authors: Zheng Heming , Duan Bo , Xie Zheyu , Wang Jie , Yang Mingying
Published: July 2020

A novel LBL method was proposed here by introducing silane to produce stable SF nanocapsules for better drug delivery.
Why do RuO2 electrodes catalyze electrochemical CO2 reduction to methanol rather than methane or perhaps neither of those?
Authors: Tayyebi Ebrahim , Hussain Javed , Skúlason Egill
Published: July 2020

Energy barriers are calculated for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction on the RuO2(110) surface towards methanol, methane, formic acid, methanediol, CO and the competing H2 formation and compared with experimental literature.
Hard X-ray magnetochiral dichroism in a paramagnetic molecular 4f complex
Authors: Mitcov Dmitri , Platunov Mikhail , Buch Christian D. , Reinholdt Anders , Døssing Anders R. , Wilhelm Fabrice , Rogalev Andrei , Piligkos Stergios
Published: July 2020

Magnetochiral Dichroism of chiral mononuclear lanthanoid complexes is for the first time detected by X-ray absorption measurements on single crystals of Holmium oxydiacetate, at the Ho L3-edge. The effect is of opposite sign for the two enantiomers.
Facile preparation of nickel hydroxide nanoplates on nickel foam for high performance hydrogen generation
Authors: Cao Jun , Zhang Zejie , Li Haichao , Zhu Ruitong , Li Songbo , Ma Li , Zhou Kechao , Wei Qiuping , Luo Fenghua
Published: July 2020

This communication reports nickel hydroxide nanoplates grown on nickel foam (NF) by one-step water bath treatment of NF in nitric acid solution.
Short oligo(ethylene glycol) chain incorporated thermoresponsive microgels: from structural analysis to modulation of solution properties
Authors: Agnihotri Priyanshi , Raj Ritu , Kumar Dinesh , Dan Abhijit
Published: July 2020

This work reports the synthesis, structural analysis and colloidal properties in aqueous medium of thermoresponsive PNIPAM-based microgels incorporating short oligo(ethylene glycol) methacrylate comonomers.
All-exciplex-based white organic light-emitting diodes by employing an interface-free sandwich light-emitting unit achieving high electroluminescence performance
Authors: Guo Yuanyuan , Zhao Yaping , Miao Yanqin , Wang Longsheng , Li Tianbao , Wang Hua , Xu Bingshe , Yu Junsheng
Published: July 2020

All-exciplex-based WOLEDs achieve a high CRI of 88 and EQE of 5.21% by employing a sandwich light-emitting unit with a yellow exciplex layer sandwiched between two blue exciplex layers.
Atom vacancies and electronic transmission Stark effects in boron nanoflake junctions
Authors: Jones Leighton O. , Mosquera Martín A. , Schatz George C. , Marks Tobin J. , Ratner Mark A.
Published: July 2020

A new type of Stark effect was observed in the electronic transmission as a function of voltage bias for vacancy-specific boron nanoflakes.
Molecular mechanism of networking among DegP, Skp and SurA in periplasm for biogenesis of outer membrane proteins
Authors: Yang Chen , Peng Sijia , Chen Chunlai , Zhao Xin Sheng
Published: July 2020

The biogenesis of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) is an extremely challenging process. In the periplasm of Escherichia coli, a group of quality control factors work together to exercise the safe-guard and quality control of OMPs. DegP, Skp and SurA are the three most prominent ones. Although extensive investigations have been carried out, the molecular mechanism regarding the networking among these proteins remains mostly mysterious. Our group has previously studied the molecular interactions of OMPs with SurA and Skp, using single-molecule detection (SMD). In this work, again using SMD, we studied how OmpC, a representative of OMPs, interacts with DegP, Skp and SurA collectively. Several important discoveries were made. The self-oligomerization of DegP to form hexamer occurs over hundred micromolars. When OmpC is in a monomer state at a low concentration, the OmpC·DegP6 and OmpC·DegP24 complexes form when the DegP concentration is around sub-micromolars and a hundred micromolars, respectively. High OmpC concentration promotes the binding affinity of DegP to OmpC by ∼100 folds. Skp and SurA behave differently when they interact synergistically with DegP in the presence of substrate. DegP can degrade SurA-protected OmpC, but Skp-protected OmpC forms the ternary complex OmpC·(Skp3)n·DegP6 (n = 1,2) to resist the DegP-mediated degradation. Combined with previous results, we were able to depict a comprehensive picture regarding the molecular mechanism of the networking among DegP, Skp and SurA in the periplasm for the OMPs biogenesis under physiological and stressed conditions.
Detection of vibrationally excited HC7N and HC9N in IRC +10216
Authors: Pardo J. R. , Bermúdez C. , Cabezas C. , Agúndez M. , Gallego J. D. , Fonfría J. P. , Velilla-Prieto L. , Quintana-Lacaci G. , Tercero B. , Guélin M. , Cernicharo J.
Published: July 2020

Observations of IRC +10216 with the Yebes 40 m telescope between 31 and 50 GHz have revealed more than 150 unidentified lines. Some of them can be grouped into a new series of 26 doublets, harmonically related with integer quantum numbers ranging from Jup = 54 to 80. The separation of the doublets increases systematically with J, that is to say, as expected for a linear species in one of its bending modes. The rotational parameters resulting from the fit to these data are B = 290.8844 ± 0.0004 MHz, D = 0.88 ± 0.04 Hz, and q = 0.1463 ± 0.0001 MHz. The rotational constant is very close to that of the ground state of HC9N. Our ab initio calculations show an excellent agreement between these parameters and those predicted for the lowest energy vibrationally excited state, ν19 = 1, of HC9N. This is the first detection, and complete characterization in space, of vibrationally excited HC9N. An energy of 41.5 cm−1 is estimated for the ν19 state. In addition, 17 doublets of HC7N in the ν15 = 1 state, for which laboratory spectroscopy is available, were detected for the first time in IRC +10216. Several doublets of HC5N in its ν11 = 1 state were also observed. The column density ratio between the ground and the lowest excited vibrational states are ≈127, 9.5, and 1.5 for HC5N, HC7N, and HC9N, respectively. We find that these lowest-lying vibrational states are most probably populated via infrared pumping to vibrationally excited states lying at ≈600 cm−1. The lowest vibrationally excited states thus need to be taken into account to precisely determine absolute abundances and abundance ratios for long carbon chains. The abundance ratios N(HC5N)/N(HC7N) and N(HC7N)/N(HC9N) are 2.4 and 7.7, respectively.
COVID-19 aus Sicht der Hämatologie und Hämostaseologie
Authors: Spiekermann Karsten , Subklewe Marion , Hildebrandt Martin , Humpe Andreas , von Bergwelt-Baildon Michael
Published: July 2020

Infection with SARS-COV-2 leads to a number of pathologies in the hematopoetic system that have significant impact on clinical symptoms and mortality. There are 3 stages of infection: (1) early upper respiratory tract infection with fever and lymphopenia (2) pulmonary phase and (3) hyperinflammatory phase with the clinical signs of organ failure such as ARDS/shock. Hyperinflammation, which is triggered by activation of T cells and monocytes/macrophages, is essential for organ pathologies. Interferon IFN-ɣ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, IL-10 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) play important roles as mediators of inflammation. In analogy to the cytokine release syndrome (CRS) after CAR-T cell therapy, the therapeutic activity of the IL-6 receptor antibody tocilizumab is investigated in clinical studies.

The coagulation system is activated during the inflammatory phase of COVID infection, most likely on the pathophysiological basis of immune thrombosis. Clinically, there is a significantly increased incidence of venous (especially pulmonary artery embolism), but also arterial thromboembolism (TE). In laboratory chemistry, the D-dimer, fibrinogen but also vWF and FVIII are significantly increased. Guidelines for the prophylaxis and therapy of COVID-associated coagulopathy have been developed. Analogous to other viral infections, there are approaches to passive immunization using convalescent plasma. Its administration has shown promising activity in first uncontrolled case series and is currently being examined in clinical studies worldwide for its therapeutic activity.
Total Synthesis of Ascospiroketal B
Authors: Ota Koichiro , Miyaoka Hiroaki , Hara Yoshiyori , Kamaike Kazuo
Published: July 2020

An enantioselective total synthesis of the marine tricyclic polyketide ascospiroketal B, previously isolated from the marine-derived fungus Ascochyta salicorniae, was accomplished in 21 steps by using an improved route. The intriguing 5,5-spiroketal-cis-fused-γ-lactone core was constructed through rearrangement of an epoxide, in conjunction with an acid-mediated spiroketalization.
Lifesaving Treatment of Aortic Valve Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis: Daptomycin and Early Surgical Therapy
Authors: Yozgat Can Yilmaz , Uzuner Selcuk , Ay Yasin , Temur Hafize Otcu , Bursal Duramaz Burcu , Turel Ozden , Calim Muhittin , Buyukpinarbasili Nur , Yozgat Yilmaz
Published: July 2020

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon infection in children. The recommended treatment for native valve endocarditis secondary to methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus infection is antistaphylococcal penicillins such as nafcillin or oxacillin. If the initial therapy fails in IE, it can lead to catastrophic results. Nowadays, daptomycin is the best alternative antimicrobial agent to treat children with severe infections, when standard antimicrobial therapy does not yield a result. Herein, in this article, we described a case of a 16-year-old boy who had aortic valve S. aureus endocarditis with septic embolization and stroke. The patient was successfully treated only with daptomycin as well as surgical therapy in the early phase of the infection.
Evaluation of Hypervolemia in Children
Authors: Kopač Matjaž
Published: July 2020

Hypervolemia is a condition with an excess of total body water and when sodium (Na) intake exceeds output. It can have different causes, such as hypervolemic hyponatremia (often associated with decreased, effective circulating blood volume), hypervolemia associated with metabolic alkalosis, and end-stage renal disease. The degree of hypervolemia in critically ill children is a risk factor for mortality, regardless of disease severity. A child (under 18 years of age) with hypervolemia requires fluid removal and fluid restriction. Diuretics are able to increase or maintain urine output and thus improve fluid and nutrition management, but their benefit in preventing or treating acute kidney injury is questionable.
Effect of the bichromatic electromagnetic field on the random molecular aggregate or the quantum spin chain
Authors: Zvyagin A. A. , Ropakova I. Yu.
Published: July 2020

The linear response of the molecular aggregate chain with the random distribution of the strength of the neighboring intermolecular interactions to the bichromatic electromagnetic field has been calculated. The presence of the linearly polarized field produces additional resonance absorption at the combined frequencies of the circularly polarized and linear polarized field. The strength of the absorption oscillates with the amplitude and the frequency of the linearly polarized electromagnetic field. Additional resonance absorption is weaker than the main absorption at the frequency of the circularly polarized field. Similar behavior has been predicted for the interaction of the bichromatic magnetic field with the quantum spin-1/2 chain with the random distribution of the exchange constants for nearest neighbor spins.
Effect of quenched non-magnetic impurities on phase transitions in a two-dimensional Potts model
Authors: Babaev A. B. , Murtazaev A. K.
Published: July 2020

The Wolff cluster Monte Carlo algorithm is used to investigate the effect of frozen nonmagnetic canonically distributed impurities on the phase transitions in a two-dimensional Potts model with the spin state q = 5. Systems with linear dimensions L = 20–160 at spin concentrations p = 1.0 and 0.9 are considered. Using the fourth-order Binder cumulant method and the histogram analysis method it is shown that if a weak quenched disorder in the form of non-magnetic impurities (p = 0.9) is introduced in the system, the first-order phase transition changes to a second-order phase transition.
Magnetic properties of DyCr3(BO3)4
Authors: Bludov A. N. , Savina Yu. O. , Pashchenko V. A. , Gnatchenko S. L. , Zajarniuk T. , Lynnyk A. , Gutowska M. U. , Szewczyk A. , Kolodiy I. V. , Mal’tsev V. V. , Kuzmin N. N. , Leonyuk N. I.
Published: July 2020

Structural, magnetic, and thermal studies of DyCr3(BO3)4 have been carried out. Structural studies showed that the sample contains two phases, with the contents of the rhombohedral (R32) and monoclinic (C2/c) phases being the same, within the accuracy of the method. The lattice parameters for each phase were determined (the rhombohedral: a = 9.461 Å, c = 7.488 Å; the monoclinic: a = 7.394 Å, b = 9.450 Å, c = 11.357 Å, β = 103.9°). It was found that both structural modifications of dysprosium-chromium borate are ordered antiferromagnetically, with their own Néel temperature (rhombohedral: TN1 = 9.1 K, monoclinic: TN2 = 7.5 K). Spontaneous magnetic phase transitions were detected at temperatures of 3.6; 4.6; 5.5; 5.7 K. The nature of these transitions was discussed.
Accumulation of spin-polarized states of charge carriers and a spintronic battery
Authors: Pastur L. А. , Slavin V. V. , Yanovsky A. V.
Published: July 2020

Spin valves based on materials in which the spin-flip is suppressed by the spatial separation of charge carriers, while maintaining electric neutrality in the valve volume, are considered. The possibility of using these valves as electric batteries is discussed. Regulating the potential difference on the valve, one can expect the effects of incommensurability of the type of “devil's staircase” associated with the Coulomb interaction and redistribution of electrons occurring while the battery is charged and discharged. The effects of the emergence and vanishing of spontaneous spin polarization of conduction electrons with a change in the Fermi level in the valve are predicted. Such spin valves can also be used in implementing spintronic memory cells, supercapacitors, and similar devices.
High-repetition-rate few-attosecond high-quality electron beams generated from crystals driven by intense X-ray laser
Authors: Liang Zhenfeng , Shen Baifei , Zhang Xiaomei , Zhang Lingang
Published: July 2020

Advances in X-ray laser sources have paved the way to relativistic attosecond X-ray laser pulses and opened up the possibility of exploring high-energy-density physics with this technology. With particle-in-cell simulations, we investigate the interaction of realistic metal crystals with relativistic X-ray laser pulses of parameters that will be available in the near future. A wakefield of the order of TV/cm is excited in the crystal and accelerates trapped electrons stably even though the wakefield is locally modulated by the crystal lattice. Electron injection either occurs at the sharp crystal–vacuum boundary or is controlled by coating the crystal with a high-density film. High-repetition-rate attosecond (20 as) monoenergetic electron beams of energy 125 MeV, charge 100 fC, and emittance 1.6 × 10−9 m rad can be produced by shining MHz X-ray laser pulses of energy 2.1 mJ onto coated crystals several micrometers thick. Such a miniature crystal accelerator, which has high reproducibility and allows sufficient control of the parameters of the electron beams, greatly expands the applications of X-ray free electron lasers. For example, it could serve as an ideal electron source for ultrafast electron diffraction and ultrafast electron microscopy to achieve attosecond resolution.
Metallic antiferromagnets
Authors: Siddiqui Saima A. , Sklenar Joseph , Kang Kisung , Gilbert Matthew J. , Schleife André , Mason Nadya , Hoffmann Axel
Published: July 2020

Antiferromagnetic materials have recently gained renewed interest due to their possible use in spintronics technologies, where spin transport is the foundation of their functionalities. In that respect, metallic antiferromagnets are of particular interest since they enable complex interplays between electronic charge transport, spin, optical, and magnetization dynamics. Here, we review the phenomena where the metallic conductivity provides a unique perspective for the practical use and fundamental properties of antiferromagnetic materials. The future direction is outlined with respect to the current advances of the field.
AI-enabled high-resolution scanning coherent diffraction imaging
Authors: Cherukara Mathew J. , Zhou Tao , Nashed Youssef , Enfedaque Pablo , Hexemer Alex , Harder Ross J. , Holt Martin V.
Published: July 2020

Ptychographic imaging is a powerful means of imaging beyond the resolution limits of typical x-ray optics. Recovering images from raw ptychographic data, however, requires the solution of an inverse problem, namely, phase retrieval. Phase retrieval algorithms are computationally expensive, which precludes real-time imaging. In this work, we propose PtychoNN, an approach to solve the ptychography data inversion problem based on a deep convolutional neural network. We demonstrate how the proposed method can be used to predict real-space structure and phase at each scan point solely from the corresponding far-field diffraction data. Our results demonstrate the practical application of machine learning to recover high fidelity amplitude and phase contrast images of a real sample hundreds of times faster than current ptychography reconstruction packages. Furthermore, by overcoming the constraints of iterative model-based methods, we can significantly relax sampling constraints on data acquisition while still producing an excellent image of the sample. Besides drastically accelerating acquisition and analysis, this capability has profound implications for the imaging of dose sensitive, dynamic, and extremely voluminous samples.
Experimental measurement of thermal conductivity along different crystallographic planes in graphite
Authors: Zhao Yu , Tao Yi , Lin Kabin , Yang Juekuan , Sha Jingjie , Chen Yunfei
Published: July 2020

In this work, the time-domain thermoreflectance (TDTR) method is used to measure the thermal conductivity of graphite along different crystallographic planes at room temperature for the first time and the thermal conductivities along the non-principal axes of graphite are obtained. A focused ion beam is used to cut graphite samples along different crystallographic planes for the TDTR measurement. Then, a thermal model is developed to extract the thermal conductivity of graphite along different crystallographic planes from the measured signals of the TDTR method. The measured thermal conductivities along different crystallographic planes in graphite agree well with the anisotropy model, revealing that the traditional TDTR method can be used to measure the non-principal axis thermal conductivity of anisotropic layered materials. Moreover, the experimental results demonstrate that once the crystallographic plane deviates from the cross-plane direction, the in-plane phonon modes will dominate the heat transfer in graphite.
Origin of superb electrical insulating capability of cellulose-liquid biphasic dielectrics by interfacial charge behaviors
Authors: Zhu Yuanwei , Cui Huize , Qu Guanghao , Wu Kangning , Lu Guanghao , Li Shengtao
Published: July 2020

The cellulose-liquid biphasic dielectric composite serves as the irreplaceable main electrical insulating structure in the power industry, owing to its peculiar high dielectric breakdown strength compared to that of monophasic cellulose paper or insulating liquid. Although this advanced electrical characteristic is utilized worldwide, its physical–chemical nature remains unclear, which greatly restricts the design and improvement of next generation electrical insulating composites. Herein, the interfacial charge behaviors in cellulose-liquid composites are investigated, and the results indicate that the majority of charge carriers in insulating liquid are electrostatically adsorbed at the nano-scale interface, forming interfacial charge traps, leading to 17.66 times increased deep trap density, which suppress further charge migration under high voltages, and consequently lead to the ∼400% improved dielectric breakdown strength compared to that of cellulose paper and insulating liquid. By controlling the interfacial trap characteristics with insulating liquids of strong electron withdrawing ability, the resistivity and breakdown strength of cellulose-liquid composites are further improved.
Stochastic resolution-of-the-identity auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo: Scaling reduction without overhead
Authors: Lee Joonho , Reichman David R.
Published: July 2020

We explore the use of the stochastic resolution-of-the-identity (sRI) with the phaseless auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo (ph-AFQMC) method. sRI is combined with four existing local energy evaluation strategies in ph-AFQMC, namely, (1) the half-rotated electron repulsion integral tensor (HR), (2) Cholesky decomposition (CD), (3) tensor hypercontraction (THC), or (4) low-rank factorization (LR). We demonstrate that HR–sRI achieves no scaling reduction, CD–sRI scales as O(N3), and THC–sRI and LR–sRI scale as O(N2), albeit with a potentially large prefactor. Furthermore, the walker-specific extra memory requirement in CD is reduced from O(N3) to O(N2) with sRI, while sRI-based THC and LR algorithms lead to a reduction from O(N2) extra memory to O(N). Based on numerical results for one-dimensional hydrogen chains and water clusters, we demonstrated that, along with the use of a variance reduction technique, CD–sRI achieves cubic-scaling without overhead. In particular, we find that for the systems studied, the observed scaling of standard CD is O(N3–4), while for CD–sRI, it is reduced to O(N2–3). Once a memory bottleneck is reached, we expect THC–sRI and LR–sRI to be preferred methods due to their quadratic-scaling memory requirements and their quadratic-scaling of the local energy evaluation (with a potentially large prefactor). The theoretical framework developed here should facilitate large-scale ph-AFQMC applications that were previously difficult or impossible to carry out with standard computational resources.
Perspective on the role of the physical properties of membranes in neurodegenerative and infectious diseases
Authors: Gastaldo Isabella Passos , Rheinstädter Hannah V. , Rheinstädter Maikel C.
Published: July 2020

Cell membranes are dynamic and complex structures, and their composition and structure are major determinants of pathology. It is now commonly accepted that the membranes' physical properties, such as fluidity and thickness, are determining factors for permeability, partitioning of drug molecules, and protein aggregation. Membrane-interacting molecules can in some instances be expected to have a greater therapeutic potential than traditional therapies targeting receptors or enzymes. Alzheimer's disease is an example where traditional approaches thus far have been proven unsuccessful. With bacteria becoming resistant to more and more antibiotics, potential membrane based antibiotics provide an alternative route with great potential. Here, we provide a perspective on the basic mechanisms how physical membrane properties can affect diseases and the therapeutic potential of changing membrane lipid composition and properties to target those diseases. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, and infectious diseases, are prime examples among many others where the so-called Membrane-Lipid Therapy shows great potential for the development of new drugs and new therapies.
Dispersion of long-nosed fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) determined by tagging
Authors: Shaughnessy Peter D. , Goldsworthy Simon D.
Published: July 2020

Long-nosed fur seals (Arctocephalus forsteri) were tagged as pups in colonies on Kangaroo Island, South Australia in eight consecutive pupping seasons from 1988–89 to 1995–96. Thirty-nine tagged animals were sighted on the southern Australian coast, being 0.89% of those tagged. They were aged from 9 months to 14 years 6 months, with half in their second and third years. Most records (88%) were of animals that moved eastwards. The most distant records were from Sydney in the east (1700 km), south of Tasmania in the south (1240 km) and Head of Bight in the west (700 km). One animal was seen twice, both times on the north coast of Kangaroo Island, once underwater and two years later ashore. Satellite telemetry studies of juvenile A. forsteri from Kangaroo Island showed that they typically forage in pelagic waters ~1000 km further south in association with the subtropical front. The study reported here shows that some animals tagged as pups disperse widely as juveniles around the southern Australian coast. The possibility of genetic interchange between breeding colonies is suggested by sightings of three tagged females aged 4 years and older at non-natal colonies.
InsP7is a small-molecule regulator of NUDT3-mediated mRNA decapping and processing-body dynamics
Authors: Sahu Soumyadip , Wang Zhenzhen , Jiao Xinfu , Gu Chunfang , Jork Nikolaus , Wittwer Christopher , Li Xingyao , Hostachy Sarah , Fiedler Dorothea , Wang Huanchen , Jessen Henning J. , Kiledjian Megerditch , Shears Stephen B.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Improved understanding of the epitranscriptomic control process will help decipher regulation of global gene expression. Here, we demonstrate that the cell-signaling inositol pyrophosphate 5-InsP7stabilizes mRNAs that are normally committed to decay pathways by NUDT3-mediated removal of the protective 5′ cap. We demonstrated this effect of 5-InsP7in vitro using recombinant NUDT3. Then, we applied pharmacological, genetic, and chemical tools to manipulate cellular levels of 5-InsP7, thereby showing it to enhance mRNA stability in intact cells. We further demonstrate mRNA stabilization is paralleled by increased abundance of P bodies, which are membraneless condensates that sequester mRNAs from the translating pool. Our demonstration that 5-InsP7regulates mRNA structure and stability, as well as P-body dynamics, illuminates cell-signaling oversight of cellular homeostasis.
Popular repugnance contrasts with legal bans on controversial markets
Authors: Roth Alvin E. , Wang Stephanie W.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Some jurisdictions ban markets regarded as repugnant. However, many bans foster black markets when the population insufficiently shares the repugnance that inspires the ban. Relationships between repugnance and regulation are important for understanding both when markets can operate effectively and when they can effectively be banned. We conduct surveys in Germany, Spain, the Philippines, and the United States about three controversial markets—prostitution, surrogacy, and global kidney exchange (GKE). Prostitution is the only one banned in the United States and the Philippines and only one allowed in Germany and Spain. Unlike prostitution, majorities support legalization of surrogacy and GKE in all four countries. There is not a simple relation between public support for markets, or bans, and their regulatory status.
Overcoming Rayleigh–Plateau instabilities: Stabilizing and destabilizing liquid-metal streams via electrochemical oxidation
Authors: Song Minyung , Kartawira Karin , Hillaire Keith D. , Li Cheng , Eaker Collin B. , Kiani Abolfazl , Daniels Karen E. , Dickey Michael D.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Liquid streams emerging from a nozzle break up rapidly into droplets due to Rayleigh–Plateau instabilities driven by surface tension. Liquid metals have enormous surface tension yet can be formed into stable cylindrical streams by applying an oxidizing potential to the metal as it is injected into an electrolyte at low velocities. The interfacial tension of a stream of liquid metal can be manipulated electrochemically in real time to produce a range of morphologies, including droplets, fine (100-μm diameter) wires, and rough shapes. The liquid wires can flow and bend without breaking over long distances. This phenomenon enables new approaches for production of metallic structures at room temperature, on-demand fluid-in-fluid structuring, and new tools for studying and controlling fluid behavior.
A multilayered repair system protects the mycobacterial chromosome from endogenous and antibiotic-induced oxidative damage
Authors: Dupuy Pierre , Howlader Mir , Glickman Michael S.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Oxidative stress is a common insult to all living organisms, in part because of its potent DNA-damaging effects leading to cell death and mutagenesis. In bacteria, antibiotics are one source of oxidative stress. Some DNA repair systems that counteract oxidative-induced mutagenesis have been described in
Escherichia coli
as participating in antibiotic killing action. However, in mycobacteria, which include agents of tuberculosis and leprosy, roles of these oxidative DNA repair systems are poorly understood because multiple and redundant enzymes are encoded. This study definitively dissects this redundancy using genetic approaches. We uncover an intricate set of DNA repair systems that defend the mycobacterial chromosome against endogenous oxidative mutagenesis. While some of them protect against antibiotic-induced oxidative killing, others participate in it.
An ErbB2 splice variant lacking exon 16 drives lung carcinoma
Authors: Smith Harvey W. , Yang Lei , Ling Chen , Walsh Arlan , Martinez Victor D. , Boucher Jonathan , Zuo Dongmei , Sokol Ethan S. , Pavlick Dean C. , Frampton Garrett M. , Chmielecki Juliann , Jones Laura M. , Roux Philippe P. , Lockwood William W. , Muller William J.
Published: July 2020

Significance

Lung cancers are frequently driven by well-characterized mutations in proto-oncogenes, includingERBB2. Evidence from other cancers demonstrates thatERBB2is also activated by alternative splicing that causes skipping of exon 16. Here, we find evidence for increasedERBB2alternative splicing in a subset of lung cancers and a range of other solid tumors, including deletions and previously undescribed mutations promoting exon 16 skipping. We show that the ERBB2 isoform lacking exon 16 transforms lung epithelial cells in vitro and in vivo, arguing that alternative splicing of ERBB2 is a mechanism promoting lung carcinogenesis. These findings extend our knowledge of lung cancer biology and may lead to improved patient stratification to facilitate future use of ERBB2-targeted therapies.
Timing social distancing to avert unmanageable COVID-19 hospital surges
Authors: Duque Daniel , Morton David P. , Singh Bismark , Du Zhanwei , Pasco Remy , Meyers Lauren Ancel
Published: July 2020

Significance

How can we best mitigate future pandemic waves while limiting collateral economic damage? As COVID-19 social distancing measures are relaxed across the United States, temporary shelter-in-place orders triggered by monitoring local hospital admissions can minimize the number of days of disruption while preventing overwhelming healthcare surges. We develop a mathematical optimization model on top of an SEIR-style simulation model with age group, risk group, and temporal fidelity. This work has been in response to independent requests from the city of Austin, the state of Texas, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the White House Coronavirus Task Force to inform strategies for modulating social distancing policies.