bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dermatological differential diagnoses in pet owners
Authors: Currie Antonia , Altrichter Sabine , Hötzenecker Wolfram
Published: July 2023

Pets are popular and are kept all over the world. In addition to the many positive psychosocial and physical effects, there are unfortunately, in addition to possible allergic reactions to animals, numerous diseases that can be transmitted from pets and farm animals to their owners that can negatively affect their health. These so-called zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans. The pathogens include bacteria, parasites, fungi, and viruses. Transmission of zoonotic pathogens can occur wherever there is contact with or consumption of animals or animal products. This can occur in connection with domesticated animals, in trade, in hunting, or in research. Zoonoses can also be of importance as an occupational disease in the field of livestock farming. Due to the close relationship between humans and animals, zoonotic diseases are a global public health problem that should not be underestimated. This article discusses some more common zoonoses of the skin that can be caused by pets.
A Thermochromic, Viscoelastic Nacre-like Nanocomposite for the Smart Thermal Management of Planar Electronics
Authors: Wang Jiemin , Yang Tairan , Wang Zequn , Sun Xuhui , An Meng , Liu Dan , Zhao Changsheng , Zhang Gang , Lei Weiwei
Published: July 2023

Cutting-edge heat spreaders for soft and planar electronics require not only high thermal conductivity and a certain degree of flexibility but also remarkable self-adhesion without thermal interface materials, elasticity, arbitrary elongation along with soft devices, and smart properties involving thermal self-healing, thermochromism and so on. Nacre-like composites with excellent in-plane heat dissipation are ideal as heat spreaders for thin and planar electronics. However, the intrinsically poor viscoelasticity, i.e., adhesion and elasticity, prevents them from simultaneous self-adhesion and arbitrary elongation along with current flexible devices as well as incurring high interfacial thermal impedance. In this paper, we propose a soft thermochromic composite (STC) membrane with a layered structure, considerable stretchability, high in-plane thermal conductivity (~ 30 W m−1 K−1), low thermal contact resistance (~ 12 mm2 K W−1, 4–5 times lower than that of silver paste), strong yet sustainable adhesion forces (~ 4607 J m−2, 2220 J m−2 greater than that of epoxy paste) and self-healing efficiency. As a self-adhesive heat spreader, it implements efficient cooling of various soft electronics with a temperature drop of 20 °C than the polyimide case. In addition to its self-healing function, the chameleon-like behavior of STC facilitates temperature monitoring by the naked eye, hence enabling smart thermal management.
Generalised Hausdorff measure of sets of Dirichlet non-improvable matrices in higher dimensions
Authors: Bakhtawar Ayreena , Simmons David
Published: July 2023

Let $$\psi :\mathbb {R}_{+}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}_{+}$$

ψ
:

R
+

→

R
+

be a non-increasing function. A pair $$(A,{\textbf{b}}),$$

(
A
,
b
)
,

where A is a real $$m\times n$$

m
×
n

matrix and $${\textbf{b}}\in \mathbb {R}^{m},$$

b
∈

R

m

,

is said to be $$\psi $$
ψ
-Dirichlet improvable, if the system $$\begin{aligned} \Vert A{\textbf{q}} +{\textbf{b}}-{\textbf{p}}\Vert ^m<\psi (T), \quad \Vert {\textbf{q}}\Vert ^n<T \end{aligned}$$

‖
A
q
+
b
-
p
‖

m

<
ψ

(
T
)

,

‖
q
‖

n

<
T

is solvable in $${\textbf{p}}\in \mathbb {Z}^{m},$$

p
∈

Z

m

,

$${\textbf{q}}\in \mathbb {Z}^{n}$$

q
∈

Z

n

for all sufficiently large T where $$\Vert \cdot \Vert $$

‖
·
‖

denotes the supremum norm. For $$\psi $$
ψ
-Dirichlet non-improvable sets, Kleinbock–Wadleigh (2019) proved the Lebesgue measure criterion whereas Kim–Kim (2022) established the Hausdorff measure results. In this paper we obtain the generalised Hausdorff f-measure version of Kim–Kim (2022) results for $$\psi $$
ψ
-Dirichlet non-improvable sets.
Sparse self-attention guided generative adversarial networks for time-series generation
Authors: Ahmed Nourhan , Schmidt-Thieme Lars
Published: July 2023

Remarkable progress has been achieved in generative modeling for time-series data, where the dominating models are generally generative adversarial networks (GANs) based on deep recurrent or convolutional neural networks. Most existing GANs for time-series generation focus on preserving correlations across time. Although these models may help in capturing long-term dependencies, their capacity to pay varying degrees of attention over different time steps is inadequate. In this paper, we propose SparseGAN, a novel sparse self-attention-based GANs that allows for attention-driven, long-memory modeling for regular and irregular time-series generation through learned embedding space. This way, it can yield a more informative representation for time-series generation while using original data for supervision. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model using synthetic and real-world datasets. The experimental findings indicate that forecasting models trained on SparseGAN-generated data perform comparably to forecasting models trained on real data for both regularly and irregularly sampled time series. Moreover, the results demonstrate that our proposed generative model is superior to the current state-of-the-art models for data augmentation in the low-resource regime and introduces a novel method for generating realistic synthetic time-series data by leveraging long-term structural and temporal information.
The Buffering Effect of Perceptions of Teacher and Student Defending on the Impact of Peer Victimization on Student Subjective Wellbeing
Authors: Meter Diana J. , Butler Kevin J. , Renshaw Tyler L.
Published: July 2023

Peer victimization is associated with unwanted outcomes including less school belongingness and lower academic ability and school achievement. This study expanded on previous research by investigating how a perception of defending by peers and teachers interacted with peer victimization to predict four aspects of student subjective wellbeing: school connectedness, joy of learning, educational purpose, and academic efficacy. Participants were 1058 (488 girls, 524 boys, 20 who reported “other,” and 26 who did not report gender) U.S. adolescent 6th–9th graders, many who received free/reduced-price lunch, often from urban schools. Their mean age was 12.96 years (SD = 1.20); most identified as Hispanic (62%), followed by White (13%), Black (11%), Multiracial (7%), Asian (6%), and less than 1% American Indian or Pacific Islander. Results showed that perceived defending from students can impact victimized adolescents’ sense of connectedness to their schools and their joy of learning. It is important to understand how perceived defending impacts victims of peer victimization in order to evaluate intervention effectiveness.
Study of AI-Driven Fashion Recommender Systems
Authors: Shirkhani Shaghayegh , Mokayed Hamam , Saini Rajkumar , Chai Hum Yan
Published: July 2023

The rising diversity, volume, and pace of fashion manufacturing pose a considerable challenge in the fashion industry, making it difficult for customers to pick which product to purchase. In addition, fashion is an inherently subjective, cultural notion and an ensemble of clothing items that maintains a coherent style. In most of the domains in which Recommender Systems are developed (e.g., movies, e-commerce, etc.), the similarity evaluation is considered for recommendation. Instead, in the Fashion domain, compatibility is a critical factor. In addition, raw visual features belonging to product representations that contribute to most of the algorithm’s performances in the Fashion domain are distinguishable from the metadata of the products in other domains. This literature review summarizes various Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques that have lately been used in recommender systems for the fashion industry. AI enables higher-quality recommendations than earlier approaches. This has ushered in a new age for recommender systems, allowing for deeper insights into user-item relationships and representations and the discovery patterns in demographical, textual, virtual, and contextual data. This work seeks to give a deeper understanding of the fashion recommender system domain by performing a comprehensive literature study of research on this topic in the past 10 years, focusing on image-based fashion recommender systems taking AI improvements into account. The nuanced conceptions of this domain and their relevance have been developed to justify fashion domain-specific characteristics.
Defining Insights
Authors: Cadogan Alicia A. , Lau Jerry , Wnorowski Susan , Kelsch Geri R. , Oreper Jane , Chavez Lillian , Weidman Joseph J. , Hermes-DeSantis Evelyn R.
Published: July 2023

Background

Insights, when acted upon, can result in positive changes to the business, for HCPs, and ultimately for patients. Medical Information, as a customer facing function, is one of the groups that generate insights. Data and insights across different functions of an organization need to be compiled to provide a comprehensive view. The purpose of this paper is to develop a shared definition of insights and to provide a working guidance for the insight process.

Methods

Two surveys were conducted of the phactMI membership first to establish a shared definition of insights and then to benchmark current insight process. From this data and the shared experience of the working group a proposed guidance was developed.

Results

The developed definition of an insight is “An insight is the deeper understanding of the why behind trends of information that lead us to determine if an action is warranted”. For the most robust outcomes, insight identification needs to be a cross functional activity. The proposed structured approach can be leveraged and customized for any organization and include the following five steps: INvestigate, Scrutinize, Identify, Take Action, and Enlighten (INSITE).

Conclusion

The INSITE process provides a simple framework that should become routine for all Medical Information colleagues who are leading the work around insights. The process should be shared across all functions that participate in the insight generation process. This is another area where Medical Information can demonstrate leadership and highlight their value to the organization.
Nominal and real wages in the UK, 1750–2015: mean reversion, persistence and structural breaks
Authors: Caporale Guglielmo Maria , Gil-Alana Luis A.
Published: July 2023

This paper analyses the stochastic properties of UK nominal and real wages over the period 1750–2015 using fractional integration techniques. Both the original series and logged ones are analysed. The results generally suggest that nominal wages exhibit a higher degree of persistence, which reflects relatively long lags between inflation and wage adjustments. Endogenous break tests are also carried out and various structural breaks are identified in both series. On the whole, the corresponding subsample estimates imply an increase over time in the degree of persistence of both series.
Pion PDFs confronted by fixed-target charmonium production
Authors: Chang Wen-Chen , Hsieh Chia-Yu , Lian Yu-Shiang , Peng Jen-Chieh , Platchkov Stephane , Sawada Takahiro
Published: July 2023

The pion, as the Goldstone boson of the strong interaction, is the lightest QCD bound state and responsible for the long-range nucleon-nucleon interaction inside the nucleus. Our knowledge on the pion partonic structure is limited by the existing Drell-Yan data which are primarily sensitive to the pion valence-quark distributions. The recent progress of global analysis of pion’s parton distribution functions (PDFs) utilizing various experimental approaches are introduced. From comparisons between the pion-induced $$J/\psi$$

J
/
ψ

and $$\psi (2S)$$

ψ
(
2
S
)

production data with theoretical calculations using the CEM and NRQCD models, we show how these charmonium production data could provide useful constraints on the pion PDFs.
Reasons for Belief in Context
Authors: Bradley Darren
Published: July 2023

There is currently a lively debate about whether there are practical reasons for belief, epistemic reasons for belief, or both. I will argue that the intuitions on all sides can be fully accounted for by applying an independently motivated contextualist semantics for normative terms. Specifically, normative terms must be relativized to a goal. One possible goal is epistemic, such as believing truly and not believing falsely, while another possible goal is practical, such as satisfying desires, or maximizing value. I will argue that we have practical reasons given the practical goal and epistemic reasons given the epistemic goal. Disagreement disappears when we make the context explicit. The result is an independently motivated version ofpluralism.
Spatiotemporally mode-locked soliton fiber laser at 2.8 μm
Authors: Chen Ying’an , Zhou Yicheng , Qin Zhipeng , Xie Guoqiang , Yuan Peng , Ma Jingui , Qian Liejia
Published: July 2023

Spatiotemporal mode-locking creates great opportunity for pulse energy scaling and nonlinear optics research in fiber. Until now, spatiotemporal mode-locking has only been realized in normal-dispersion dissipative soliton and similariton fiber lasers. In this paper, we demonstrated the first experimental realization of a spatiotemporally mode-locked soliton laser in mid-infrared fluoride fiber with anomalous dispersion. The mode-locked fluoride fiber oscillator directly generated a record pulse energy of 16.1 nJ and peak power of 74.6 kW at 2.8 μm wavelength. This work extends the spatiotemporal mode-locking to soliton fiber lasers and should have a wide interest for the laser community.
ELEMENTARY EQUIVALENCE IN POSITIVE LOGIC VIA PRIME PRODUCTS
Authors: MORASCHINI TOMMASO , WANNENBURG JOHANN J. , YAMAMOTO KENTARO
Published: July 2023

We introduce prime products as a generalization of ultraproducts for positive logic. Prime products are shown to satisfy a version of Łoś’s Theorem restricted to positive formulas, as well as the following variant of the Keisler Isomorphism Theorem: under the generalized continuum hypothesis, two models have the same positive theory if and only if they have isomorphic prime powers of ultrapowers.
A novel approach to control four multi-rotor drones in cooperative paired control using relative Jacobian
Authors: Thebe Keletso Z. , Jamisola Rodrigo S. , Ramalepa Larona P.
Published: July 2023

This work presents a new formulation to holistically control four cooperative multi-rotor drones controlled in two pairs. This approach uses a modular relative Jacobian with components consisting of the Jacobians of each individual drone. This type of controller relies mainly on the relative motion between the drones, consequently releasing unnecessary constraints inherent to the control of drones in absolute motion. We present the derivations of all the necessary equations of the modular relative Jacobian to control the four multi-rotor drones. We also present the derivations of the Jacobian for each drone. We implement our proposed method in the Gazebo RotorS simulation using four hexa-rotor drones modeled from Ascending Technologies called firefly drones. We present the simulation results and analyze them to show the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Greater affective network maturity is associated with better clinical outcomes in women with early sexual trauma
Authors: Kleshchova Olena , Grinband Jack , Weierich Mariann R.
Published: July 2023

Early-life adversity accelerates the maturation of affect-related circuitry, which might be a short-term adaptation with long-term tradeoffs. Sexual trauma is associated with a particularly strong impact on pubertal development and mental health outcomes. Our objective was to test the relations between trauma type, affective network maturity, and mental health outcomes in young women with trauma history. Trauma-exposed women aged 18–29 completed a clinical interview (n = 35) and an fMRI scan (n = 28). We used a public data set to train a machine learning algorithm to predict age from resting-state affective network connectivity and calculated network maturity as the difference between predicted and true age. We also performed principal component analysis on mental health outcomes and retained two components: clinical and state psychological outcomes. Compared to nonsexual trauma (n = 17), sexual trauma (n = 11) was associated with greater affective network maturity. In addition, for sexual trauma only, greater affective network maturity was associated with better clinical but not state psychological outcomes. These results suggest that sexual trauma during development might uniquely alter the maturational trajectory of affect-related circuitry, with distinct mental health consequences in emerging adulthood. Whereas delayed affective network maturation is associated with adverse clinical outcomes, accelerated affective network maturation might confer resilience in survivors.
A (machine-oriented) logic based on pattern matching
Authors: Lethen Tim
Published: July 2023

Robinson’s unification algorithm can be identified as the underlying machinery of both C. Meredith’s rule D (condensed detachment) in propositional logic and of the construction of principal types in lambda calculus and combinatory logic. In combinatory logic, it also plays a crucial role in the construction of Meyer, Bunder & Powers’ Fool’s model. This paper now considers pattern matching, the unidirectional variant of unification, as a basis for logical inference, typing, and a very simple and natural model for untyped combinatory logic. An analysis of the new typing scheme will enable us to characterize a large class of terms of combinatory logic which do not change their principal type when being weakly reduced. We also consider the question whether the major or the minor premisse should be used as the fixed pattern.
Human Trafficking and Emergency Medical Services (EMS)
Authors: Shekhar Aditya C. , Macias-Konstantopoulos Wendy L.
Published: July 2023

Human trafficking is associated with wide-ranging mental and physical morbidity, as well as mortality, in the United States and globally. Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers are often first responders to victims of human trafficking. Given their proximity to patients’ social and environmental circumstances, these clinicians need to be familiar with the signs and symptoms of human trafficking, as well understand how to best provide care for suspected or confirmed trafficked patients. Evidence from multiple studies indicates that providers who have received formal training may be better able to recognize the signs and symptoms of human trafficking, and thus, can provide better care to potential victims of human trafficking. This review will summarize the relevance of human trafficking to prehospital emergency care, touch on best practices for the care of patients with suspected or confirmed ties to human trafficking, and outline future directions for education and research.
Ecological risk and protective factors for food insufficiency in Los Angeles County during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: de la Haye Kayla , Saw Htay-Wah , Miller Sydney , Bruine de Bruin Wändi , Wilson John P , Weber Kate , Frazzini Alison , Livings Michelle , Babboni Marianna , Kapteyn Arie
Published: July 2023

Objective:

The COVID-19 pandemic increased food insufficiency: a severe form of food insecurity. Drawing on an ecological framework, we aimed to understand factors that contributed to changes in food insufficiency from April to December 2020, in a large urban population hard hit by the pandemic.

Design:

We conducted internet surveys every 2 weeks in April–December 2020, including a subset of items from the Food Insecurity Experience Scale. Longitudinal analysis identified predictors of food insufficiency, using fixed effects models.

Setting:

Los Angeles County, which has a diverse population of 10 million residents.

Participants:

A representative sample of 1535 adults in Los Angeles County who are participants in the Understanding Coronavirus in America tracking survey.

Results:

Rates of food insufficiency spiked in the first year of the pandemic, especially among participants living in poverty, in middle adulthood and with larger households. Government food assistance from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program was significantly associated with reduced food insufficiency over time, while other forms of assistance such as help from family and friends or stimulus funds were not.

Conclusions:

The findings highlight that during a crisis, there is value in rapidly monitoring food insufficiency and investing in government food benefits.
Observation‐Constrained Projection of Flood Risks and Socioeconomic Exposure in China
Authors: Kang Shengyu , Yin Jiabo , Gu Lei , Yang Yuanhang , Liu Dedi , Slater Louise
Published: July 2023

As the planet warms, the atmosphere's water vapor holding capacity rises, leading to more intense precipitation extremes. River floods with high peak discharge or long duration can increase the likelihood of infrastructure failure and enhance ecosystem vulnerability. However, changes in the peak and duration of floods and corresponding socioeconomic exposure under climate change are still poorly understood. This study employs a bivariate framework to quantify changes in flood risks and their socioeconomic impacts in China between the past (1985–2014) and future (2071–2100) in 204 catchments. Future daily river streamflow is projected by using a cascade modeling chain based on the outputs of five bias‐corrected global climate models (GCMs) under three shared socioeconomic CMIP6 pathways (SSP1‐26, SSP3‐70, and SSP5‐85), a machine learning model and four hydrological models. We also utilize the copula function to build the joint distribution of flood peak and duration, and calculate the joint return periods of the bivariate flood hazard. Finally, the exposure of population and regional gross domestic product to floods are investigated at the national scale. Our results indicate that flood peak and duration are likely to increase in the majority of catchments by 25%–100% by the late 21st century depending on the shared socioeconomic pathway. China is projected to experience a significant increase in bivariate flood risks even under the lowest emission pathway, with 24.0 million dollars/km2 and 608 people/km2 exposed under a moderate emissions scenario (SSP3‐70). These findings have direct implications for hazard mitigation and climate adaptation policies in China.
Top‐Down Regulation by a Reindeer Herding System Limits Climate‐Driven Arctic Vegetation Change at a Regional Scale
Authors: Spiegel Marcus P. , Volkovitskiy Alexander , Terekhina Alexandra , Forbes Bruce C. , Park Taejin , Macias‐Fauria Marc
Published: July 2023

Warming‐driven growth of tall woody vegetation in the Arctic has the potential to accelerate climate change through multiple positive feedbacks. Local‐scale evidence suggests that large herbivores limit this vegetation shift, but there is uncertainty at larger, regional scales whether current herbivory pressure is a major top‐down control on ecosystem structure and functioning. Across a 67,000 km2 region of the Yamal Peninsula in West Siberia, we integrated satellite remote sensing with a novel data set mapping the migrations of herds comprising 151,000 domesticated reindeer. Where reindeer numbers varied over space, higher reindeer herbivory pressure was consistently linked with lower coverage of tall woody vegetation. Within areas dominated by this vegetation type, productivity and climate were increasingly decoupled where reindeer density was higher. Our spaceborne fingerprint detection suggests that large herbivores, at current population densities, counteract Arctic vegetation responses to climate change over large spatial scales.
Sensitivity of Glaciers in the European Alps to Anthropogenic Atmospheric Forcings: Case Study of the Argentière Glacier
Authors: Clauzel Léo , Ménégoz Martin , Gilbert Adrien , Gagliardini Olivier , Six Delphine , Gastineau Guillaume , Vincent Christian
Published: July 2023

This study aims to quantify the contribution of anthropogenic forcings on the retreat of the Argentière Glacier (European Alps). The glacier evolution is simulated over 1850–2014 following retrospective scenarios produced with the IPSL‐CM6‐LR climate model, with and without natural and anthropogenic forcings. The scenarios used to force an ice flow model are statistically downscaled, preserving the long‐term trends and the physical consistency between precipitation and temperature. Since the late 19th century, the regional aerosol cooling has partially counteracted the greenhouse gas‐induced warming, delaying the time of emergence of the anthropogenic signal. The anthropogenic signal emerged from natural variability in 1979 for temperature and surface melting, and in 2008 for the glacier mass, whereas its snout position in 2014 remains compatible with natural variability. From the total mass loss between 1850 and 2014, 66% [21%–111%] is attributed to anthropogenic activities.
Warm‐Season Afternoon Precipitation Peak in the Central Bay of Bengal: Process‐Oriented Diagnostics
Authors: Peng Chin‐Hsuan , Chen Xingchao
Published: July 2023

Past studies have indicated that precipitation over tropical open oceans generally peaks in the early morning. However, an intriguing departure from this pattern is observed in the central Bay of Bengal (CBoB), where rainfall exhibits a distinct afternoon peak during the South Asian summer monsoon season. By using a novel satellite‐based cloud classification and tracking data set, we found that more than 75% of the afternoon rainfall (15–17 LST) over the CBoB comes from mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Most of the MCSs contributing to the CBoB afternoon rainfall peak originate either locally over the CBoB or near the west and east coasts of the BoB, in contrast to the northern BoB as highlighted in previous studies. Analyses show that MCSs initiated near coastlines are primarily influenced by land‐sea breezes, whereas MCSs initiated over the BoB open ocean during early morning are strongly associated with diurnal radiative forcings. In addition, there are clear diurnal propagating MCS initiation signals from the west and north coastlines of the BoB to the CBoB, which are related to diurnal gravity waves emitted from the coastlines. The thermodynamic conditions conducive to MCS initiation over different sub‐regions of the BoB are also investigated. No systematic differences found in environmental convective available potential energy between days with and without MCS initiation. However, over most sub‐regions, days with MCS initiation generally have higher total column water vapor than days without MCS initiation. This difference suggests that the lower‐free‐tropospheric moisture content plays an important role in MCS initiation over the BoB.
Ice Content of Mantling Materials in Deuteronilus Mensae, Mars
Authors: Baker David M. H. , Carter Lynn M.
Published: July 2023

Layers of ice and dust (i.e., “mantle”) are found throughout the mid‐latitudes of Mars, where they drape and mute topography and record the recent climate history. Many of the youngest Late Amazonian “latitude‐dependent mantles” have been characterized, but the full range of mantle characteristics, including variations in ice content and age, has not been well documented. To advance our understanding of these ice‐dust units, we use SHAllow RADar (SHARAD) radar sounding data to constrain the subsurface physical properties of a widespread Middle Amazonian mantle unit within Deuteronilus Mensae. This region hosts a high density of glacial landforms, which allows assessment of the stratigraphic relationship between mantle deposits and glacial ice. SHARAD reflectors at the base of the mantle units are used to determine moderate dielectric constants (∼5.75) and high loss tangents (∼0.038). These radar properties imply relatively limited ice content and high‐loss mantling materials with possible enhanced roughness or subsurface scattering. Further, we interpret deeper reflectors that are continuous with glacier basal reflectors and that suggest materials with lower dielectric constants (∼3.2–4.5) and loss tangents (0.0071–0.0120) to be due to extensions of stagnant, possibly lithic‐rich, glacier ice that are buried by a mantle layer. This study demonstrates the high variability in the origins and evolution of mid‐latitude mantling units on Mars. While the most recent latitude‐dependent mantling deposits may still be ice‐rich, older deposits, such as those preserved in Deuteronilus Mensae and elsewhere in the mid‐latitudes of Mars, may be largely desiccated or contain a more heterogeneous and limited distribution of ice.
Improving Treatment of Noise Specification of Kalman Filtering for State Updating of Hydrological Models: Combining the Strengths of the Interacting Multiple Model Method and Cubature Kalman Filter
Authors: Sun Y. , Tian X. , Bao W. , Qu S. , Li Q. , Chen Y. , Zhou Z. , Shi P.
Published: July 2023

Filtering methods have been widely used to improve the forecast performances of hydrological models. Although extensive research has been carried out on filtering methods in the hydrology literature, researchers have not treated the noise statistics of filtering methods in much detail. Wrongly specified noise statistics can lead to degraded state estimates and even filter divergence. A powerful approach for state estimation in the presence of unknown noise statistics is the interacting multiple model method (IMM), which solves the noise specification problem by combining the strengths of multiple filters with different noise statistics. The IMM method has received little to no attention in the hydrologic context. This paper proposes a novel approach (IMM‐CKF) for updating the states of hydrological models in the presence of unknown noise statistics by combining the cubature Kalman filter (CKF) with the IMM. The CKF is a popular nonlinear filter that has received little attention in the hydrology literature. The method is tested using a lumped hydrological model. The results of the synthetic case suggest the IMM‐CKF can yield an accurate estimate for the switch as well as the changed states when there are abrupt changes in the noise statistics of true noises, even if sub‐filter noise statistics are not equal to the real ones. The real case results (a forecast experiment) show that the IMM‐CKF has successfully combined the strengths of different sub‐filters and associated noise statistics. The IMM‐CKF can be useful for hydrological forecasting, especially when useful information about the true noise statistics is unavailable.
Assessing Clouds Using Satellite Observations Through Three Generations of Global Atmosphere Models
Authors: Medeiros Brian , Shaw Jonah , Kay Jennifer E. , Davis Isaac
Published: July 2023

Clouds are parameterized in climate models using quantities on the model grid‐scale to approximate the cloud cover and impact on radiation. Because of the complexity of processes involved with clouds, these parameterizations are one of the key challenges in climate modeling. Differences in parameterizations of clouds are among the main contributors to the spread in climate sensitivity across models. In this work, the clouds in three generations of an atmosphere model lineage are evaluated against satellite observations. Satellite simulators are used within the model to provide an appropriate comparison with individual satellite products. In some respects, especially the top‐of‐atmosphere cloud radiative effect, the models show generational improvements. The most recent generation, represented by two distinct branches of development, exhibits some regional regressions in the cloud representation; in particular the southern ocean shows a positive bias in cloud cover. The two branches of model development show how choices during model development, both structural and parametric, lead to different cloud climatologies. Several evaluation strategies are used to quantify the spatial errors in terms of the large‐scale circulation and the cloud structure. The Earth mover's distance is proposed as a useful error metric for the passive satellite data products that provide cloud‐top pressure‐optical depth histograms. The cloud errors identified here may contribute to the high climate sensitivity in the Community Earth System Model, version 2 and in the Energy Exascale Earth System Model, version 1.
Linking Soil Structure, Hydraulic Properties, and Organic Carbon Dynamics: A Holistic Framework to Study the Impact of Climate Change and Land Management
Authors: Jha Achla , Bonetti Sara , Smith A. Peyton , Souza Rodolfo , Calabrese Salvatore
Published: July 2023

Climate change and unsustainable land management practices have resulted in extensive soil degradation, including alteration of soil structure (i.e., aggregate and pore size distributions), loss of soil organic carbon, and reduction of water and nutrient holding capacities. Although soil structure, hydrologic processes, and biogeochemical fluxes are tightly linked, their interaction is often unaccounted for in current ecohydrological, hydrological and terrestrial biosphere models. For more holistic predictions of soil hydrological and biogeochemical cycles, models need to incorporate soil structure and macroporosity dynamics, whether in a natural or agricultural ecosystem. Here, we present a theoretical framework that couples soil hydrologic processes and soil microbial activity to soil organic carbon dynamics through the dynamics of soil structure. In particular, we link the Millennial model for soil carbon dynamics, which explicitly models the formation and breakdown of soil aggregates, to a recent parameterization of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity curves and to solute and O2 diffusivities to soil microsites based on soil macroporosity. To illustrate the significance of incorporating the dynamics of soil structure, we apply the framework to a case study in which soil and vegetation recover over time from agricultural practices. The new framework enables more holistic predictions of the effects of climate change and land management practices on coupled soil hydrological and biogeochemical cycles.
RETRACTED: A Survey of Five Generations of MIMO Multiband Base Station Antennas
Authors: Tahseen Hafiz Usman , Mescia Luciano , Catarinucci Luca
Published: July 2023

As telecommunication systems evolve, there is an increasing demand for multi‐band MIMO base‐station antennas. Antenna arrays are generally used to support multiple frequencies with multiple ports in a compact size. However, this can result in significant degradation in scattering patterns and return loss/port isolation due to the close proximity of the radiation from the array. Various techniques have been proposed in the literature to address these issues. This paper presents an overview of the challenges faced by base station antennas (BSAs) over time and their general solutions. With the technological advancements of communication systems, accompanied by high data rates, high‐frequency antenna designs and MIMO operations have been introduced at the base station level. Base station antennas encountered design challenges, including broad bandwidth, high isolation levels, stable half‐power beam width, beam squint reduction, high cross polarization discrimination (XPD), gain improvement, beam steering, compact size, and cost reduction. This survey provides information on the solutions adopted by researchers over time for each design challenge, with citations. Additionally, the authors discuss techniques developed to overcome these challenges, demonstrating the evolution of BSAs from the first to the fifth generation of telecommunication systems.
The tumor suppressor CREBBP and the oncogene MYCN cooperate to induce malignant brain tumors in mice
Authors: Schoof Melanie , Epplen Gefion Dorothea , Walter Carolin , Ballast Annika , Holdhof Dörthe , Göbel Carolin , Neyazi Sina , Varghese Julian , Albert Thomas Karl , Kerl Kornelius , Schüller Ulrich
Published: July 2023

The tumor suppressor and chromatin modifier cAMP response element-binding protein binding protein (CREBBP) and v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene neuroblastoma derived homolog (MYCN), a member of the MYC oncogene family, are critically involved in brain development. Both genes are frequently mutated in the same tumor entities, including high-grade glioma and medulloblastoma. Therefore, we hypothesized that alterations in both genes cooperate to induce brain tumor formation. For further investigation, hGFAP-cre::CrebbpFl/Fl::lsl-MYCN mice were generated, which combine Crebbp deletion with overexpression of MYCN in neural stem cells (NSCs). Within eight months, these animals developed aggressive forebrain tumors. The first tumors were detectable in the olfactory bulbs of seven-day-old mice. This location raises the possibility that presumptive founder cells are derived from the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). To examine the cellular biology of these tumors, single-cell RNA sequencing was performed, which revealed high intratumoral heterogeneity. Data comparison with reference CNS cell types indicated the highest similarity of tumor cells with transit-amplifying NSCs or activated NSCs of the V-SVZ. Consequently, we analyzed V-SVZ NSCs of our mouse model aiming to confirm that the tumors originate from this stem cell niche. Mutant V-SVZ NSCs showed significantly increased cell viability and proliferation as well as reduced glial and neural differentiation in vitro compared to control cells. In summary, we demonstrate the oncogenic potential of a combined loss of function of CREBBP and overexpression of MYCN in this cell population. hGFAP-cre::CrebbpFl/Fl::lsl-MYCN mice thus provide a valuable tool to study tumor-driving mechanisms in a key neural stem/ progenitor cell niche.
TRP (transient receptor potential) ion channel family: structures, biological functions and therapeutic interventions for diseases
Authors: Zhang Miao , Ma Yueming , Ye Xianglu , Zhang Ning , Pan Lei , Wang Bing
Published: July 2023

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a variety of cellular and environmental signals. Mammals express a total of 28 different TRP channel proteins, which can be divided into seven subfamilies based on amino acid sequence homology: TRPA (Ankyrin), TRPC (Canonical), TRPM (Melastatin), TRPML (Mucolipin), TRPN (NO-mechano-potential, NOMP), TRPP (Polycystin), TRPV (Vanilloid). They are a class of ion channels found in numerous tissues and cell types and are permeable to a wide range of cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and others. TRP channels are responsible for various sensory responses including heat, cold, pain, stress, vision and taste and can be activated by a number of stimuli. Their predominantly location on the cell surface, their interaction with numerous physiological signaling pathways, and the unique crystal structure of TRP channels make TRPs attractive drug targets and implicate them in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. Here, we review the history of TRP channel discovery, summarize the structures and functions of the TRP ion channel family, and highlight the current understanding of the role of TRP channels in the pathogenesis of human disease. Most importantly, we describe TRP channel-related drug discovery, therapeutic interventions for diseases and the limitations of targeting TRP channels in potential clinical applications.
Hepatocyte DDX3X protects against drug-induced acute liver injury via controlling stress granule formation and oxidative stress
Authors: Luo Tingting , Yang Suzhen , Zhao Tianming , Zhu Hanlong , Chen Chunyan , Shi Xiaoxiao , Chen Di , Wang Kai , Jiang Kang , Xu Dan , Cheng Ming , Li Juan , Li Wenting , Xu Weijun , Zhou Lin , Jiang Mingzuo , Xu Bing
Published: July 2023

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is the leading cause of acute liver failure (ALF). Continuous and prolonged hepatic cellular oxidative stress and liver inflammatory stimuli are key signatures of DILI. DEAD-box helicase 3, X-linked (DDX3X) is a central regulator in pro-survival stress granule (SG) assembly in response to stress signals. However, the role of DDX3X in DILI remains unknown. Herein, we characterized the hepatocyte-specific role of DDX3X in DILI. Human liver tissues of DILI patients and control subjects were used to evaluate DDX3X expression. APAP, CCl4 and TAA models of DILI were established and compared between hepatocyte-specific DDX3X knockout (DDX3XΔhep) and wild-type control (DDX3Xfl/fl) mice. Hepatic expression of DDX3X was significantly decreased in the pathogenesis of DILI compared with controls in human and mice. Compared to DDX3Xfl/fl mice, DDX3XΔhep mice developed significant liver injury in multiple DILI models. DDX3X deficiency aggravates APAP induced oxidative stress and hepatocyte death by affecting the pro-survival stress granule (SG) assembly. Moreover, DDX3X deficiency induces inflammatory responses and causes pronounced macrophage infiltration. The use of targeted DDX3X drug maybe promising for the treatment of DILI in human.
STAT3 and HIF1α cooperatively mediate the transcriptional and physiological responses to hypoxia
Authors: Dinarello Alberto , Betto Riccardo Massimiliano , Diamante Linda , Tesoriere Annachiara , Ghirardo Rachele , Cioccarelli Chiara , Meneghetti Giacomo , Peron Margherita , Laquatra Claudio , Tiso Natascia , Martello Graziano , Argenton Francesco
Published: July 2023

STAT3 and HIF1α are two fundamental transcription factors involved in many merging processes, like angiogenesis, metabolism, and cell differentiation. Notably, under pathological conditions, the two factors have been shown to interact genetically, but both the molecular mechanisms underlying such interactions and their relevance under physiological conditions remain unclear. In mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) we manage to determine the specific subset of hypoxia-induced genes that need STAT3 to be properly transcribed and, among them, fundamental genes like Vegfa, Hk1, Hk2, Pfkp and Hilpda are worth mentioning. Unexpectedly, we also demonstrated that the absence of STAT3 does not affect the expression of Hif1α mRNA nor the stabilization of HIF1α protein, but the STAT3-driven regulation of the hypoxia-dependent subset of gene could rely on the physical interaction between STAT3 and HIF1α. To further elucidate the physiological roles of this STAT3 non-canonical nuclear activity, we used a CRISPR/Cas9 zebrafish stat3 knock-out line. Notably, hypoxia-related fluorescence of the hypoxia zebrafish reporter line (HRE:mCherry) cannot be induced when Stat3 is not active and, while Stat3 Y705 phosphorylation seems to have a pivotal role in this process, S727 does not affect the Stat3-dependent hypoxia response. Hypoxia is fundamental for vascularization, angiogenesis and immune cells mobilization; all processes that, surprisingly, cannot be induced by low oxygen levels when Stat3 is genetically ablated. All in all, here we report the specific STAT3/HIF1α-dependent subset of genes in vitro and, for the first time with an in vivo model, we determined some of the physiological roles of STAT3-hypoxia crosstalk.
Wdr5-mediated H3K4me3 coordinately regulates cell differentiation, proliferation termination, and survival in digestive organogenesis
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Yang Chun , Wang Zixu , Guo Liwei , Xu Yongpan , Gao Ce , Sun Yonghua , Zhang Zhenhai , Peng Jinrong , Hu Minjie , Jan Lo Li , Ma Zhipeng , Chen Jun
Published: July 2023

Food digestion requires the cooperation of different digestive organs. The differentiation of digestive organs is crucial for larvae to start feeding. Therefore, during digestive organogenesis, cell identity and the tissue morphogenesis must be tightly coordinated but how this is accomplished is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that WD repeat domain 5 (Wdr5)-mediated H3K4 tri-methylation (H3K4me3) coordinately regulates cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis in zebrafish organogenesis of three major digestive organs including intestine, liver, and exocrine pancreas. During zebrafish digestive organogenesis, some of cells in these organ primordia usually undergo differentiation without apoptotic activity and gradually reduce their proliferation capacity. In contrast, cells in the three digestive organs of wdr5−/− mutant embryos retain progenitor-like status with high proliferation rates, and undergo apoptosis. Wdr5 is a core member of COMPASS complex to implement H3K4me3 and its expression is enriched in digestive organs from 2 days post-fertilization (dpf). Further analysis reveals that lack of differentiation gene expression is due to significant decreases of H3K4me3 around the transcriptional start sites of these genes; this histone modification also reduces the proliferation capacity in differentiated cells by increasing the expression of apc to promote the degradation of β-Catenin; in addition, H3K4me3 promotes the expression of anti-apoptotic genes such as xiap-like, which modulates p53 activity to guarantee differentiated cell survival. Thus, our findings have discovered a common molecular mechanism for cell fate determination in different digestive organs during organogenesis, and also provided insights to understand mechanistic basis of human diseases in these digestive organs.
Integrating somatic CNV and gene expression in breast cancers from women with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome
Authors: Brewer Takae , Yehia Lamis , Bazeley Peter , Eng Charis
Published: July 2023

Women with germline PTEN variants (PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome, PHTS) have up to 85% lifetime risk of female breast cancer (BC). We previously showed that PHTS-derived BCs are distinct from sporadic BCs both at the clinical and genomic levels. In this study, we examined somatic copy number variations (CNV) and transcriptome data to further characterize the somatic landscape of PHTS-derived BCs. We analyzed exome sequencing data from 44 BCs from women with PHTS for CNV. The control group comprised of 558 women with sporadic BCs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. Here, we found that PHTS-derived BCs have several distinct CNV peaks compared to TCGA. Furthermore, RNA sequencing data revealed that PHTS-derived BCs have a distinct immunologic cell type signature, which points toward cancer immune evasion. Transcriptomic data also revealed PHTS-derived BCs with pathogenic germline PTEN variants appear to have vitamin E degradation as a key pathway associated with tumorigenesis. In conclusion, our study revealed distinct CNV x transcript features in PHTS-derived BCs, which further facilitate understanding of BC biology arising in the setting of germline PTEN mutations.
Investigation of non-uniform oxidation based on a mechanochemical phase field model with nonlinear reaction kinetics and large inelastic deformation
Authors: Lin Chen , Jiang Jishen , Ruan Haihui , Ma Xianfeng
Published: July 2023

A mechanochemical model is proposed to investigate the non-uniform oxidation of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) that involves large inelastic deformation and nonlinear reaction kinetics. The large-deformation theory incorporates the higher-order term of geometric nonlinearity for a more precise description of the deformation and stress evolution in an oxide layer. The effect of stresses on the reaction kinetics is considered, which is expressed as the Eshelby stress tensor to account for the conformational volume change and deformation energy. A nonlinear reaction kinetics is adopted for a more accurate description of the nonequilibrium thermodynamic processes. The 2D simulations reveal a non-uniform oxide growth, three modes of oxide-metal interfacial morphology evolution, and tensile stress concentrations in the oxide scale. These simulation results agree with the experimental observations that cannot be described by the previous models. With the model, it is further demonstrated that a stable interfacial morphology and a significantly reduced tensile stress can be achieved by increasing the creep rate of the oxide and the flatness of the oxide-metal interface. This model thus provides an approach to extend the service time of TBCs.