bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation of ferritin and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) level as a marker of ferroptosis process in endometrioma
Authors: Nulianti Rina , Bayuaji Hartanto , Ritonga Mulyanusa Amarullah , Djuwantono Tono , Tjahyadi Dian , Rachmawati Anita , Dwiningsih Sri Ratna , Nisa Aisyah Shofiatun , Adriansyah Putri Nadhira Adinda
Published: February 2025

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the presence of endometrial-like tissues (glands and stroma) located outside the uterine cavity. The pathophysiology of this condition remains incompletely understood. Local bleeding and inflammation within endometriosis lesions, which occur in an environment rich in iron, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and free radicals, can disturb the balance of iron within the peritoneal cavity. This disruption can trigger oxidative injury and an inflammatory response, leading to ferroptosis, particularly in the endometrioma phenotype. This research utilized an observational analytical method with a cross-sectional design to examine the relationship between ferritin and GPx4 levels by assessing them simultaneously. The data collection occurred at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Cibabat Hospital, Bandung Kiwari Hospital, and Limijati Women and Children Hospital Bandung. Observational analytic data were gathered between February and July 2023 from female patients diagnosed with endometrioma who underwent either laparoscopic or laparotomy surgery, either for therapeutic or diagnostic reasons. There were 58 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study. A significant correlation was observed between ferritin and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) levels with a correlation coefficient of -0.600 (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant correlation between both ferritin levels and the severity of endometriosis (based on Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists staging). There was significant correlation between ferritin and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) levels.
Body image of men and women with congenital heart disease over a 15 years observational period
Authors: Geyer Siegfried , Dellas Claudia , Brähler Elmar , Beller Johannes
Published: February 2025

Most studies devoted to the psychological consequences of congenital heart disease (CHD) have dealt with consequences in terms of psychopathology. We wanted to consider two specific aspects of body image, “Rejecting body evaluation” and “Vital body dynamics”. We examined body image of CHD-patients as compared with the general population, the stability of body image of patients over time, and the relationship of body image with disease severity. The study combined a longitudinal (panel-) and a case-control design. The findings were based on a long-term study of CHD-patients with two surveys about 15 years apart with N = 244 who participated in both. The control group consisted of the same number of cases matched by age, gender and education drawn from a national survey designed to examine body image in the general population. More men than women were classified into the group with severe CHD. Body image differences between CHD-patients and controls were found only in men, but not in women, and they emerged primarily in terms of vitality. The two dimensions of body image turned out as moderately to strongly stable over time, relationships between disease severity and body image emerged only for perceived vitality. Contrary to expectation, effects of age and sex were largely absent. The body image of men turned out to be more affected by congenital heart disease than women. Body image is not stable, but it is changing with increasing age, and disease severity is affecting body image only in terms of the perception of physical performance.
Applying the layers of protection analysis (LOPA) method to high containment level biological facilities
Authors: Harsono Andrian , Waters Ryan , Tearle Jason , Harkess Graeme
Published: February 2025

The Layers of Protection Analysis (LOPA) method is a semi-quantitative risk assessment tool that is used to determine the ability of safeguards to protect against unplanned hazardous scenarios. One possible outcome of a LOPA is that existing and proposed safeguards are deemed sufficient to reduce the risk associated with the hazardous scenario to a level that can be deemed as acceptable. Alternatively, the LOPA may also show that the safeguards are insufficient and therefore additional Safety Instrumented Function(s) (SIF) would be required to reduce risk to an acceptable level. In the latter case, the LOPA method will inform the end user as to the reliability requirements of the safety function in question. The LOPA method has been used extensively in the process industries (e.g., oil and gas) as a useful tool to manage and understand risk and to demonstrate if the facility is ‘safe’ to operate, but much less so in the biosafety sector. This paper describes the LOPA method and provides some practical examples of how it may be applied in microbiological high Containment Level (CL) facilities.
Machine learning for classifying chronic kidney disease and predicting creatinine levels using at-home measurements
Authors: Metherall Brady , Berryman Anna K. , Brennan Georgia S.
Published: February 2025

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a global health concern with early detection playing a pivotal role in effective management. Machine learning models demonstrate promise in CKD detection, yet the impact on detection and classification using different sets of clinical features remains under-explored. In this study, we focus on CKD classification and creatinine prediction using three sets of features: at-home, monitoring, and laboratory. We employ artificial neural networks (ANNs) and random forests (RFs) on a dataset of 400 patients with 25 input features, which we divide into three feature sets. Using 10-fold cross-validation, we calculate metrics such as accuracy, true positive rate (TPR), true negative rate (TNR), and mean squared error. Our results reveal RF achieves superior accuracy (92.5%) in at-home CKD classification over ANNs (82.9%). ANNs achieve a higher TPR (92.0%), but a lower TNR (67.9%) compared with RFs (90.0% and 95.8%, respectively). For monitoring and laboratory features, both methods achieve accuracies exceeding 98%. The R2 score for creatinine regression is approximately 0.3 higher with laboratory features than at-home features. Feature importance analysis identifies the key clinical variables hemoglobin and blood urea, and key comorbidities hypertension and diabetes mellitus, in agreement with previous studies. Machine learning models, particularly RFs, exhibit promise in CKD diagnosis and highlight significant features in CKD detection. Moreover, such models may assist in screening a general population using at-home features—potentially increasing early detection of CKD, thus improving patient care and offering hope for a more effective approach to managing this prevalent health condition.
Associations of cachexia and frailty with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Peters Tracy L. , Qiu Weihong , Yang Haomin , Huang Wuqing , Hu Yizhen , Zou Zhangyu , Ye Weimin
Published: February 2025

In the present study, we investigated the associations of cachexia (loss of muscle, weight and fat) and frailty (loss of weight and muscle) status with the risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, because these specific terms are rarely used in this research area. In this prospective study, we extracted cachexia and frailty status from the UK Biobank cohort to study the associations of these conditions (as determined via international classification of disease-10 codes) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. There was a greater risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis among individuals with cachexia and frailty status after adjusting for age, sex, income (pounds), body mass index, UK Biobank centers and smoking status. Among individuals with frailty status: a grip strength of < 21 kg, a slow walking speed, and exhaustion (more than half the days or nearly every day) increase the risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We believe that studying cachexia and frailty status can be used to help define and treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Drivers and mechanisms contributing to excess warming in Europe during recent decades
Authors: Dong Buwen , Sutton Rowan T.
Published: February 2025

Over the period 1979-2022, European surface air temperatures warmed around three times as fast as the global mean temperatures in both winter and summer. Here we define “excess” European warming as the difference between the rate of European regional warming and the rate of global warming and investigate the causes. Using a simple observation-based method, we estimate that around 40% ± 39% (in winter) and 29% ± 10% (in summer) of excess European warming is “dynamical” - attributable to changes in atmospheric circulation. We show that the rate of European warming simulated in CMIP6 models compares well with the observations, but only because these models warm too fast in the global mean; excess European warming is underestimated, particularly in winter. The CMIP6 models simulate well the magnitude of the thermodynamic component of excess European warming since 1979 in both winter and summer, they suggest only a weak dynamical contribution in the multi-model mean. The models suggest greenhouse gas-induced warming made the largest contribution to excess thermodynamic warming in winter, whereas changes in anthropogenic aerosols made the largest contribution in summer. They also imply a substantially reduced future rate of excess European warming in summer. However, the failure of current models to simulate observed circulation trends (either as a forced response or as a combination of forced response and internal variability) also implies large uncertainty in future rates of European warming.
Coordination between ESCRT function and Rab conversion during endosome maturation
Authors: Ott Daniel P , Desai Samit , Solinger Jachen A , Kaech Andres , Spang Anne
Published: February 2025

The endosomal pathway is essential for regulating cell signaling and cellular homeostasis. Rab5 positive early endosomes receive proteins from the plasma membrane. Dependent on a ubiquitin mark on the protein, they will be either recycled or sorted into intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) by endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) proteins. During endosome maturation Rab5 is replaced by Rab7 on endosomes that are able to fuse with lysosomes to form endolysosomes. However, whether ESCRT-driven ILV formation and Rab5-to-Rab7 conversion are coordinated remains unknown. Here we show that loss of early ESCRTs led to enlarged Rab5 positive endosomes and prohibited Rab conversion. Reduction of ubiquitinated cargo alleviated this phenotype. Moreover, ubiquitinated proteins on the endosomal limiting membrane prevented the displacement of the Rab5 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) RABX-5 by the GEF for Rab7, SAND-1/CCZ-1. Overexpression of Rab7 could partially overcome this block, even in the absence of SAND-1 or CCZ1, suggesting the presence of a second Rab7 GEF. Our data reveal a hierarchy of events in which cargo corralling by ESCRTs is upstream of Rab conversion, suggesting that ESCRT-0 and ubiquitinated cargo could act as timers that determine the onset of Rab conversion.
Sensitivity improvement by Langmuir film formation on a spectroelectrochemical fiber-optic sensor surface
Authors: Yamamoto Takamichi , Orii Tatsuya , Okazaki Takuya , Muhammad Sarkawi , Sazawa Kazuto , Sugawara Kazuharu , Kuramitz Hideki
Published: February 2025

This study presents a novel spectroelectrochemical fiber-optic sensor method utilizing surfactant-induced electrostatic films to enhance sensitivity and efficiency in detecting dyes and sulfide ion for environmental monitoring.
A simultaneous detection method for eight iodinated, brominated, and chlorinated haloacetic acid disinfection byproducts in human urine: liquid–liquid extraction-acidified methanol derivatization-gas chromatography
Authors: Bai Xue , Liu Lanxia , Qian Jiefeng , Liu Rui , Du Zhiyuan , Ni Rong , Chen Tian , Zheng Weiwei
Published: February 2025

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are among the most common drinking water disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and are of widespread concern due to their potential carcinogenicity and reproductive health risks.
Advanced 2D XRF imaging of uranium oxidation states using HERFD at the U M4 edge
Authors: Bazarkina Elena F. , Lau Kimberly V. , Chappaz Anthony , Bastrakov Evgeny , Etschmann Barbara , Brugger Joël , Marshall Madeline , Meyer Frances M. , Boreham Christopher J. , Amidani Lucia , Kvashnina Kristina O.
Published: February 2025

Identification of U(iv), U(v) and U(vi) oxidation states in rocks can be achieved with HERFD-XRF imaging at the uranium M4 edge.
Theoretical study on nitrobenzene hydrogenation to aniline catalyzed by M1/CeO2−x(111) single-atom catalysts
Authors: Wang Haohao , Pu Min , Lei Ming
Published: February 2025

A DFT study was performed to investigate the catalytic activity of twelve late transition metal-doped ceria (M1/CeO2−x(111)) single-atom catalysts for the hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline.
Recent developments in polymer semiconductors with excellent electron transport performances
Authors: Zhang Yunchao , Zhang Weifeng , Chen Zhihui , Wang Liping , Yu Gui
Published: February 2025

This review describes the design considerations, bonding modes between monomers, structural modification strategies, and applications of polymer semiconductors with excellent electron transport performances.
Incremental effects of Eurotium cristatum fermentation of soybean on its nutrients, flavor profile and laxative regulation in experimental constipated rats
Authors: Yang Chengcheng , Chen Xuefeng , Niu Pengfei , Yang Xingbin , Lu Yalong
Published: February 2025

This study developed a probiotic Eurotium cristatum-fermented soybean powder (EFSP) and analyzed its nutrient profile, volatile components, and laxative efficacy in rats.
Photo-induced solvent-enabled catalyst-/additive-free selective C(α)–C(β) bond cleavage of β-O-4 ketone lignin model compounds at room temperature
Authors: Liu Ke , Ma Zhaolun , Deng Mingjing , Ma Tongtong , Li Shengying , Qi Qingsheng , Dian Longyang
Published: February 2025

In this work, an efficient catalyst-/additive-free selective C–C bond cleavage of β-O-4 ketone lignin model compounds was carried out under the irradiation of light at room temperature in an air atmosphere.
Bone microphysiological models for biomedical research
Authors: Verdugo-Avello Francisco , Wychowaniec Jacek K. , Villacis-Aguirre Carlos A. , D'Este Matteo , Toledo Jorge R.
Published: February 2025

Advances in 3D bone modeling using human-focused microphysiological systems (MPS), emphasizing scaffold and chip capabilities to mimic bone extracellular matrix for better disease modeling, drug discovery, and personalized treatments.
Multilayered MoAlB@MBene structures using mild microwave-assisted etching and their optical properties
Authors: Chandel Madhurya , Purbayanto Muhammad Abiyyu Kenichi , Kowal Dominik , Moszczyńska Dorota , Wójcik Anna , Birowosuto Muhammad Danang , Naguib Michael , Maria Jastrzębska Agnieszka
Published: February 2025

MBenes, a novel class of transition metal borides, represent an exciting advancement in two-dimensional (2D) materials.
A chitosan/hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose composite sponge with shape memory for rapid hemostasis
Authors: Yu Chunyan , Wang Kai , Wang Shuang , Zhang Huihui , Qi Kehui , Li Lu
Published: February 2025

Deaths from uncontrollable hemorrhage continue to be a worldwide concern.
Modular synthesis of glycosyl sulfonamide via reductive coupling of glycosyl sulfinate and nitroarene
Authors: Zhen Wenxu , Ma Jialu , Ni Zhaohui , Luo Jiaxin , Shen Xiaomin , Xie Yusheng , Qiu Hao , Xu Chunfa
Published: February 2025

Glycosyl sulfonamides have been identified as novel inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase, showing great potential for cancer treatment.
Construction of a 2D@0D InVO4@MnWO4 S-scheme for efficient photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Xiang Wenzhuo , Xu Guoyu , Xiao Lujiang , Zhang Zizhong , Ji Tao , Su Wenyue
Published: February 2025

The S-scheme constructed between InVO4 and MnWO4 promotes charge separation, and the InVO4@MnWO4 composite achieves the conversion of CO2 into CO under visible light irradiation.
Design strategies and applications of electrochemiluminescence from metal nanoclusters
Authors: Li Tingting , Sui Jiyu , Dong Weinan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Ying , Li Yanan , Wu Zhennan , Bai Xue
Published: February 2025

We summarize the design strategies for improving the ECL of metal nanoclusters, including 1. aggregation-induced emission; 2. anodic pre-oxidation; 3. aggregation-induced self-loading; 4. Anionic substitution; 5. ion doping; 6. valence engineering.
Noble-metal-free catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction in acids
Authors: Han Junwei , Liu Qian , Yang Yue , Wu Hao Bin
Published: February 2025

Oxygen evolution catalysts are critical components of proton exchange membrane water electrolysers (PEMWEs), playing a decisive role in determining both the performance and cost of these devices.
Capturing the impact of protein unfolding on the dynamic assembly of protein networks
Authors: Hughes Matt D. G. , Cussons Sophie , Borumand Ahmad , Tyler Arwen I. I. , Brockwell David J. , Dougan Lorna
Published: February 2025

Protein force liability leads to dynamic change in building block shape, i.e. unfolding or changes in folded shape, resulting in a three-phase assembly process.
Correction: 3D printing of wearable sensors with strong stretchability for myoelectric rehabilitation
Authors: Zhan Jianan , Kong Yueying , Zhou Xi , Gong Haihuan , Chen Qiwei , Zhang Xianlin , Zhang Jiankai , Wang Yilin , Huang Wenhua
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘3D printing of wearable sensors with strong stretchability for myoelectric rehabilitation’ by Jianan Zhan et al., Biomater. Sci., 2025, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01434k.
Construction of liquid-crystalline assemblies with tunable chiroptical properties through tailoring solvophilic chains in polymerization-induced chiral self-assembly
Authors: Zhou Zhenyang , Cheng Xiaoxiao , Tang Zeyu , Wang Yuqing , He Zixiang , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2025

We report that the fully dissolved solvophilic segments on the outside of amphiphilic block copolymers affect the chiral stacking inside the solvophobic core, thereby inducing multiple chiroptical inversions and shape changes.
Elucidating the leaching effect of micro-/nano-plastics on the binding, structural, and oxidative characteristics of bovine serum albumin and its impact on cytotoxicity and oxidative stress in the human lung cancer cell line A549
Authors: Baysal Asli , Saygin Hasan , Soyocak Ahu , Kahraman Mehmet , Apaydin Emre , Ozbek Pemra
Published: February 2025

The binding mechanism of proteins with micro/nanoplastics are examined by biophysical/chemical indicators, and molecular docking. In addition, cytotoxicity of protein after micro/nanoplastics interaction was tested on A549 cells.
Hydrogen sulfide attenuates sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction in infant rats by inhibiting the expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein
Authors: Li Desi , Jin Sheng , Teng Xu , Wang Ping , He Kaichuan , Cao Lijing , Du Jiexian , Guo Qi , Xiao Lin , Xue Hongmei , Tian Danyang , An Cuixia , Wu Yuming
Published: February 2025

Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction is one of the most common complications of sepsis. It is also a major cause of death in pediatric intensive care units. The underlying mechanism of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction remains elusive. Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) is a damage-associated molecular pattern that is up-regulated during sepsis. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been shown to play a protective role in sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction in adult animals. The present study aimed to determine whether H2S ameliorates the cardiac function in infant rats by inhibiting CIRP-mediated sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction. Rat pups aged 17–18 days were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis. Six hours after CLP, hemodynamic results demonstrated that there was a significant decrease in +dP/dtmax, −dP/dtmax, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular shortening fraction, indicating cardiac dysfunction. The plasma levels of myocardial injury markers such as creatine kinase–myocardial band and cardiac troponin I were significantly increased at 6 h after CLP. The inhibition of CIRP with C23 improved the cardiac function of the rats with CLP-induced sepsis, accompanied by a significant decrease in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) activation. Moreover, treatment with sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (an inhibitor of ERS) ameliorated myocardial injury and dysfunction, accompanied by a significant decrease in ERS activation. Sodium hydrosulfide, a H2S donor, ameliorated CLP-induced cardiac dysfunction and decreased CIRP levels and ERS. In contrast, the inhibition of endogenous H2S production by propargylglycine (a cystathionine-γ-lyase inhibitor) aggravated CLP-induced cardiac dysfunction and increased CIRP levels. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that H2S exerted cardioprotective effects by inhibiting the CIRP/ERS pathway in infant rats with sepsis. These findings might indicate a novel target in the treatment of sepsis in infants.
LGS‐Net: A lightweight convolutional neural network based on global feature capture for spatial image steganalysis
Authors: Ma Yuanyuan , Wang Jian , Zhang Xinyu , Wang Guifang , Xin Xianwei , Zhang Qianqian
Published: February 2025

The purpose of image steganalysis is to detect whether the transmitted images in network communication contain secret messages. Current image steganalysis networks still have some problems such as inappropriate feature selection and easy overfitting. Therefore, this paper proposed a new spatial image steganalysis method based on convolutional neural networks. To extract richer features while reducing useless
parameters in the network, this paper introduced the Im SRM filtering kernel into the image preprocessing module. To extract effective steganography noise from images, this paper combined depthwise separable convolution and residual networks for the first time and introduces them into the steganography noise extraction module. In addition, to focus network attention on the image regions where steganography information exists, this paper integrated the coordinate attention mechanism. This module will make the network pay attention to the overall structure and local details of the image during network training, improving the network's recognition ability for steganography information. Finally, the extracted steganography features are classified through a classification module. This paper conducted a series of experiments on the BOSSBase 1.01 and BOWS2 datasets. The improvement in detection accuracy is between 1.2% and 18.2% compared to classic and recent steganalysis networks.
A synthetic population of ultra-luminous X-ray sources
Authors: Nyadzani Lutendo , Razzaque Soebur , Finke Justin D.
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an analysis of the predicted optical-to-X-ray spectral index (αox) within the context of ultra-luminous X-ray sources (ULXs) associated with stellar-mass black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs). We used the population synthesis code COSMIC to simulate the evolution of binary systems and investigate the relationship between ultraviolet (UV) and X-ray emission during the ULX phase, namely the αox relation. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of metallicity on αox values. Notably, it predicts a significant anti-correlation between αox and UV luminosity (LUV), consistent with observations. The slope of this relationship varies with metallicity for black hole ULXs (BH-ULXs). The neutron star ULX (NS-ULX) population shows a relatively consistent slope around −0.33 across metallicities, with minor variations. The number of ULXs decreases with increasing metallicity, consistent with observational data. The X-ray luminosity function (XLF) shows a slight variation in its slope with metallicity, exhibiting a relative excess of high-luminosity ULXs at lower metallicities. The inclusion of the beaming effect in the analysis shows a significant impact on the XLF and αox, particularly at high accretion rates, where the emission is focused into narrower cones. We found that UV emission in ULXs is predominantly disc-dominated, which is the likely origin of the αox relation, with the percentage of disc-dominated ULXs increasing as metallicity rises.
Comparative analysis of two episodes of strongly geoeffective coronal mass ejection events in November and December 2023
Authors: Temmer M. , Dumbović M. , Martinić K. , Cappello G.M. , Remeshan A.K. , Matković F. , Milošić D. , Koller F. , Čalogović J. , Susino R. , Romoli M.
Published: February 2025

In autumn 2023 a series of close-in-time eruptive events were observed remotely and measured in situ. For that period, we studied a set of analogous events on the Sun, where several coronal mass ejections (CMEs) were launched partly from the same (active) regions close to a coronal hole. The two episodes of events are separated by a full solar rotation covering the period October 31 -- November 3 and November 27-- 28, 2023. The two episodes of eruptive events are related to strong geomagnetic storms occurring on November 4--5 and December 1--2, 2023. We point out the complexity for each set of events; our aim is to understand how the global magnetic field configuration, solar wind conditions, and interaction between the structures relate to these geomagnetic effects. We used the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) 3D reconstruction method to derive the direction of motion and speed of each CME. The GCS results served as input for the drag-based model with enhanced latitudinal information (3D DBM), facilitating the assessment of its connection to in situ measurements. This approach significantly aids in the integrated interpretation of in situ signatures and solar surface structures. The first episode caused visible stable auroral red (SAR) arcs, with a Dst index that dropped in three steps down to -163,nT on November 5, 2023. Close in time, two CME-related shocks arrived, separated by a sector boundary crossing (SBC), and followed by a short-duration flux rope-like structure. For the second episode, auroral lights were observed related to a two-step drop in the Dst index down to -108,nT on December 1, 2023. A shock from a CME within the magnetic structure of another CME ahead was identified, again combined with a SBC. Additionally, a clear flux rope structure from the shock producing CME was detected. In both events, we observed distinct short-term variations in the magnetic field (``ripples'') together with fluctuations in density and temperature that followed the SBC. The study presents a comparative analysis of two episodes of multiple eruptive events in November and December 2023. In addition to the interacting CME structures, we highlight modulation effects in the geomagnetic impact due to magnetic structures that are related to the SBC. These most likely contributed to the stronger geomagnetic impact and production of SAR arcs for the November 4--5, 2023, event. At the Sun, we found the orientation of the heliospheric current sheet to be highly tilted, which might have caused additional effects, due to the CMEs interacting with it.
Extragalactic magnetar giant flare GRB 231115A: Insights from Fermi/GBM observations
Authors: Trigg Aaron C. , Stewart Rachael , Van Kooten Alex , Burns Eric , Baring Matthew G. , Frederiks Dmitry D. , Huppenkothen Daniela , O’Connor Brendan , Roberts Oliver J. , Wadiasingh Zorawar , Younes George , Bhat Narayana , Briggs Michael S. , Busmann Malte , Goldstein Adam , Gruen Daniel , Hu Lei , Kouveliotou Chryssa , Negro Michela , Palmese Antonella , Riffeser Arno , Scotton Lorenzo , Svinkin Dmitry S. , Veres Peter , Zöller Raphael
Published: February 2025

Magnetar giant flares (MGFs) are the extremely short, energetic transients originating from highly magnetized neutron stars. When observed in nearby galaxies, these rare events are nearly indistinguishable from cosmological short gamma-ray bursts. We present the analysis of GRB 231115A, a candidate extragalactic MGF observed by Fermi/GBM and localized by INTEGRAL to the starburst galaxy M82. This burst exhibits distinctive temporal and spectral characteristics, including a short duration and a high peak energy, consistent with known MGFs. Time-resolved analysis reveals rapid spectral evolution and a clear correlation between luminosity and spectral hardness, providing robust evidence of relativistic outflows. Archival Chandra data identified point sources within the GRB 231115A localization consistent with the theoretical maximum persistent emission luminosity, though no definitive counterpart was found. Simulations indicate that any transient emission associated with GRB 231115A would require energies exceeding those of typical magnetar bursts to be detectable by current instruments. While the tail of a MGF originating from outside of the Milky Way and its satellite galaxies has never been detected, analysis suggests that such emission could be observable at M82’s distance with instruments like Swift/XRT or NICER, though no tail was identified for this event. These findings underscore the need for improved follow-up strategies and technological advancements to enhance MGF detection and characterization.
SMILE: Discriminating milli-lens systems in a VLBI pilot project
Authors: Pötzl F. M. , Casadio C. , Kalaitzidakis G. , Álvarez-Ortega D. , Kumar A. , Missaglia V. , Blinov D. , Janssen M. , Loudas N. , Pavlidou V. , Readhead A. C. S. , Tassis K. , Wilkinson P. N. , Zensus J. A.
Published: February 2025

Dark matter (DM) remains poorly probed on critical sub-galactic scales, where predictions from different models diverge in terms of abundance and density profiles of halos. Gravitational lens systems on milli-arcsecond scales (milli-lenses) are expected for a population of dense DM halos (free-floating or sub-halos) and free-floating supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the mass range of $10^6$ to $10^9,M_⊙$ that might partly be comprised of primordial black holes (PBHs). In this paper, we aim to look for possible milli-lens systems via a systematic search in a large sample of radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) observed with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). We present the observational strategy to discriminate milli-lens systems from contaminant objects mimicking a milli-lens morphology. In a pilot project, we have investigated VLBI images from 13,828 sources from the Astrogeo VLBI image database and reduced the number of lens candidates to 40 in a first step. We present here the images and analysis of new sensitive follow-up observations with the European VLBI network at 5 and 22,GHz and streamline our analysis to reject milli-lens candidates. By using constraints such as the surface brightness ratio, conservation of spectral shape, stability of flux ratios over time, and changes in morphology at higher frequencies, we can confidently discriminate between milli-lenses and contaminant objects that mimick them. Using the above constraints, we ruled out 31 of our initial 40 candidates of milli-lens systems, demonstrating the power of our approach. In addition, we found many new candidate compact symmetric objects (CSOs), which are thought to be primarily short-lived jetted radio sources. Additional observations of the remaining candidates will be necessary to confirm or reject their nature as milli-lenses or CSOs. This study serves as a pathfinder for the final sample used for the Search for MIlli-LEnses (SMILE) project, which will allow DM models to be constrained by comparing the results to theoretical predictions. This SMILE sample will consist of ∼5,000 sources based on the VLA CLASS survey and will include many observations obtained for this project specifically.
Diversity of fish caught in Pangkalan Susu’s Marine, Langkat District, North Sumatera Province
Authors: Syahriani Hasibuan Julia , Enggar Susetya Ipanna , Fauzia Dewinta Astrid , Mellyginta Sinuhaji Simpati , Handayani Fitri
Published: February 2025

Pangkalan Susu is the second largest contributor of fishermen from nine sub-districts in Langkat Regency. The diversity of fish in Pangkalan Susu illustrates the wealth of fish in sea obtained from fishing efforts carried out by fishermen at the high demand of the community. This study aims to analyze the diversity of fish species caught in the Pangkalan Susu Sea, Langkat Regency. This study was conducted for 4 month with a sampling interval of one month once in June - August 2024 using the random purposive sampling method in Pangkalan Susu’s sea. Data analysis used in this study is relative abundance (KR), Shannon-Wienner index (H'), uniformity index (E), and dominance index (C). The total fish catch during the study period was 697 individuals, which were divided into 52 fish species and 30 families. The number of catches in consisting of 30 families and 52 species. In June, 144 fish consisting of 25 species were obtained, in July 330 fish consisting of 25 species, and in August 223 fish consisting of 21 species. The value of the fish species diversity index in Pangkalan Susu sea is included in the moderate category the diversity index value in June was 1.011, July was 0.966 and August was 0.886. The small population uniformity and dominance index values show that fish species were evenly distributed during the study with no dominant species.
Utilization of fish-processing waste as replacement of fish meal in aquafeed
Authors: Nurhayati A.P.D. , Novitasari E.D. , Ruswandi E. , Amin M.
Published: February 2025

Fishmeal is the most expensive component of aquaculture feed, thus finding cheaper alternative protein sources become a major challenge in aquafeed industries. This study aimed at investigating the effect of fishmeal replacement with a fish waste meal of fish processing industries on growth performances and nutrient utilization of Nile tilapia (
Oreochroms niloticus). Fish-waste of albumin-extracted Snakehead was collected, dried and grounded to produce a fine meal. The result showed that pellets produced from the fish-waste meal showed better growth, higher nutrient utilization and survival rate than the commercial pellet, p<0.05. The best Specific growth rate (SGR), feed utilization efficiency and survival rate (SR) were obtained from the tilapia receiving pellet in T3 or 60% fish-waste meal, with length and weight gain of 4.00 ± 0.11 cm and 7.99 ± 0.10 g respectively. In addition, the protein digestibility recorded from diet 3 (T3) was also significantly higher, 76.4%. However, no significant effect was observed in terms of survival rate (all 100%) and feed conversion ratio (1.44-1.53). These results suggest that the fish waste from fish processing industries can be used as fish meal replacements in aquafeed industries.
Analysis of Damage due to the M6.4 Tuban-Bawean Earthquake using Remote Sensing
Authors: Tuasamu Siti Asmayanti , Cahyadi Mokhamad Nur , Komalasari Nilam , Nusantara Candida Aulia De Silva , Widodo Amien , Widjajanti Nurrohmat , Aprianti Evi , Kusumawardani Deni , Rahmawati Yessi , Azizi Iqbal Hanun
Published: February 2025

The earthquake with magnitude 6.4 that occurred on March 22, 2024 in Tuban-Bawean, East Java, Indonesia, had a significant impact on infrastructure damage around the Tuban, Gresik, Tuban, and Surabaya Islands. By combining geophysical analysis, the Okada model, and remote sensing technology, this study seeks to examine the effects following an earthquake. A comparatively slight variance is indicated by the deformation of land movement surrounding Bawean Island, which ranges from -0.0091 to 0.0069 meters, indicating relatively small variation. This is consistent with the results of the Okada modeling showing minimal vertical movement which is a characteristic of strike-slip faults. The majority of the affected areas, namely Sangkapura District, are dominated by alluvial lithology (Qa), which is very vulnerable to the impact of earthquakes because the material is loose, loose, and unconsolidated. Thus strengthening the effects of earthquake shocks and causing more significant damage. On the other hand, volcanic rocks (Qv) composed of alternating lava, breccia and tuff tend to experience greater deformation because they are easily affected by tectonic forces. This study concludes that the integration of remote sensing techniques, Okada modeling, and geophysical analysis provides a comprehensive understanding for post-earthquake analysis. It is hoped that this study can contribute to disaster mitigation efforts in the future.
Valuation of local coastal community willingness to participate in marine debris adaptation within Nusa Penida marine protected area
Authors: Zahra Sakinah , Suhardono Sapta , Suryawan I Wayan Koko
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the factors influencing community willingness to participate in marine debris management programs in Nusa Penida, Indonesia, focusing particularly on various demographic variables. Employing a sample size of 60 respondents, the study utilized Chi-square tests and regression analysis to explore the association between willingness to participate and factors such as age, gender, income, education level, marital status, and employment. The results revealed no statistically significant influence of these demographic variables on participation willingness, except for a suggestive trend in age-related participation. Based on these findings, an action plan was developed to enhance community engagement across different age groups through tailored strategies. This approach includes the integration of technology, flexible scheduling, and targeted educational campaigns to accommodate and leverage the unique capacities and motivations of each age segment. The study highlights the importance of demographic considerations in designing effective community-based environmental initiatives and provides a framework that can be adapted for similar conservation efforts globally.
Physical Dynamics of the Indian Ocean to Tropical Cyclone Neville (2024)
Authors: Ainur Rahmat Hidayah Ilham , Giri Dwi Kartika Ary
Published: February 2025

Wind stress induced by Tropical Cyclone (TC) can be a strong trigger for the occurrence of divergent and upwelling water mass movements and affect the physical dynamics of the ocean. This research is essential to understanding how the intensity TC affects the physical dynamics of the ocean by comparing three conditions, namely pre, during, and post TC Neville, so that it can reveal patterns of changes in the marine environment due to TC. Observations were made using a combination of Argo float and remote sensing data, to determine the vertical and horizontal physical dynamics in the region. The results showed that the strong Ekman pumping velocity around the cyclone track caused the cooling of the sea surface in the region and deepened the Mixed Layer Depth (MLD). In addition, along Pre-TC, the MLD was 0-12 m, nevertheless deepening the MLD was saw to 14 m (0-26 m) in Post-TC. We conclude that TC Neville can cause changes to the physical dynamics in the Indian Ocean, especially around the TC area.
The Effect of Biofouling on Cement based Concrete Substrate: Insights from Microfouling and Macrofouling Growth
Authors: Abdi Perdanawati Rizqi , Risdanareni Puput , Setiamarga Davin H.E. , Jaya Ekaputri Januarti
Published: February 2025

Biofouling poses a significant impact to the durability of offshore structures and vessels, yet its impact on cement-based concrete structures in marine environments remains underexplored. This study investigated biofouling growth on concrete substrates both microbial biofilms (microfouling) up to macrofouling and their effect on cement based concrete surface. The discussion is supported by a literature review to contextualize the findings. The type and growth of microorganisms forming biofilms and macrofouling are influenced by the specific marine environment, substrate characteristics, and immersion duration. These factors collectively impact concrete substrates by altering microbial community composition, biochemical activity, and mechanisms of attachment. The microfouling and macrofouling growth contribute to chemical degradation, surface roughness alteration, and the addition of weight. Such combined effects accelerate the biodeterioration and highlighting the critical need for effective mitigation strategies to enhance the durability. Protective approaches, including antifouling coatings, surface treatments, and advanced materials resistant to bioadhesion, are essential to prolong the lifespan and ensure the durability of marine concrete structures exposed to both biofilm formation and macrofouling.
Hydro-Oceano & Sedimentation Model of Brondong Lamongan Harbour
Authors: Thufail Basyarahil Moch , Abdi Perdanawati Rizqi , Fahmi M. Yunan
Published: February 2025

PPN Brondong in East Java is a vital fisheries hub, catching around 200 tonnes of fish in a day and serving as an export hub. To maintain port efficiency and properly manage vessel activities, hydro-oceanographic modelling is important. This research uses a quantitative approach with primary and secondary data analysis. Using Delft3D, this study modelled the currents and sedimentation in PPN Brondong for one year, covering the east and west monsoons. The results show a diurnal tidal pattern, with dominant winds from the east in the east monsoon and west in the west monsoon. Peak waves reached 1.6 metres in the west monsoon and 0.9 metres in the east monsoon. The maximum current velocity of 0.23 m/s occurred in the west monsoon. TSS was higher in the west monsoon, reaching 1kg/m3. Erosion and sedimentation differed between monsoons; steady erosion occurred in shallow areas and sedimentation in deeper areas. The eastern harbour basin is prone to erosion due to high currents, while the western part experiences sedimentation. This research provides in depth understanding for sustainable harbour management at PPN Brondong.
Prediction of Sonic Log Values Using a Gradient Boosting Algorithm in the 'AB' Field
Authors: Rasif Nahari , Utama Widya , Ardhya Garini Sherly , Fitri Indriani Rista , Pratama Novian Putra Dhea
Published: February 2025

Expanding exploration activities into new fields has significantly boosted oil production. Well logging is a key method in petroleum exploration, used to evaluate hydrocarbon zones by analyzing parameters such as gamma ray, porosity, density, resistivity, and wave propagation velocity. These parameters are displayed as vertical log curves against well depth. However, logging tools sometimes fail to capture formation parameters accurately, creating gaps in well log data. Sonic log data are particularly prone to such gaps, as they are newer and less common in older wells. To address missing data, machine learning algorithms, like gradient boosting, provide an effective solution. Gradient boosting employs an ensemble of decision trees, iteratively correcting errors to model complex data patterns. This method is especially suitable for handling the intricate nature of well log data. In this study, Python was used to develop predictions for missing data, demonstrating the capability of machine learning to enhance data reliability and improve petroleum exploration processes. By bridging data gaps, machine learning ensures more accurate assessments of hydrocarbon zones, supporting better exploration outcomes.
Optimizing Navigation Channels through Hydrodynamic and Sedimentation Modeling: A Case Study of the Barito River Estuary, South Kalimantan
Authors: Aulia De Silva Nusantara Candida , Khomsin  , Aldila Syariz Muhammad , Cahyo Utomo Andik , Rafly Rahardian Muhammad
Published: February 2025

The Barito River Estuary in South Kalimantan plays a crucial role in Indonesia’s maritime transportation, particularly in trade and coal transshipment. As the largest river in Kalimantan, with its estuary facing the Java Sea, it supports regional economic activities. However, channel siltation due to sedimentation presents significant challenges, exacerbated by natural changes along the river and estuary. Sediment grain size and current velocity are key factors in sediment movement. This study uses Delft3D software to model hydrodynamic and sedimentation patterns in the estuary. The model reveals significant variations in current speed and direction between tidal cycles and seasons. During the wet season, stronger currents, averaging 0.1 m/s, flow from upstream to downstream, distributing sediment more evenly across the estuary. In contrast, the dry season shows increased sedimentation, concentrating in specific areas. The sedimentation model estimates that during the dry season, sediment deposition could reach 0.100 meters over six months (0.017 meters per month), while in the wet season, it is approximately 0.060 meters over six months (0.010 meters per month). These dynamics impact navigation channels, particularly during the dry season when sedimentation narrows and shallows the channels, limiting access for larger vessels and increasing the risk of grounding. This study aligns with SDG 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, as ensuring efficient navigation channels is vital for fostering sustainable industrial growth and improving maritime logistics.
Analysis Of Backscatter To Extraction Of Shoreline Using Machine Learning Methods In The Bangkalan Regency
Authors: Arifin Fahmi , Wicaksono Ashari
Published: February 2025

Coastal areas are often threatened by natural and anthropogenic factors, causing instability and shoreline changes in the affected areas. Shoreline changes can be monitored with remote sensing techniques such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. The purpose of this research is to extract the coastline by segmenting the machine learning method and find out how far the machine learning model works to distinguish the water class and the land class. The method used in this research is the Support Vector Machine model to divide the water and land classes that will be utilized to obtain shoreline extracts from the model results, and evaluate the model by calculating the model accuracy. The overall accuracy results recorded in 2016 and 2023 are 99.5% and 99%, respectively, with Kappa Coefficients of 0.99018 and 0.98138. This study highlights the potential of SAR data and SVM methods in monitoring coastal dynamics and can serve as a reference for sustainable coastal management.
Plankton Distribution Analysis with Underwater Acoustic Remote Sensing
Authors: A Abdullah , Pratomo D.G. , Khomsin
Published: February 2025

Hydroacoustic methods are rapidly growing as a key technique in marine ecology, particularly for efficient and non-invasive monitoring of plankton and fish. This technology utilises sound waves to detect, measure and map the distribution of marine biota by analysing the backscatter strength (Sv). This study used a SIMRAD EK-60 echosounder and a Seabird SBE37 CTD to analyse the relationship between plankton distribution and environmental parameters, such as temperature, salinity and conductivity. Results show that plankton are more abundant in the surface layer with high temperature and low to moderate salinity, while conditions at depth limit their biological activity. This research contributes to the sustainable management of marine resources through an integrated hydroacoustic approach.