bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dedicated diagnostic approaches for mature B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphomas occurring in children, adolescents, and young adults
Authors: Xavier Ana C , Attarbaschi Andishe , Gratzinger Dita , Balagué Olga
Published: November 2024

Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) represents the fourth most common malignant disease among children and adolescents. Current disease classifications, including the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the International Consensus Classification (ICC), rely on a combination of clinical, epidemiological, histologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular data to define discrete clinicopathologic entities. There is growing evidence that children, adolescents, and young adults (CAYA) with B‐cell NHL display unique clinical and epidemiologic characteristics. This may be explained by distinct age‐related developmental plasticity, immune and haematopoietic repertoires, environmental exposures and social determinants of health, and germline or acquired genetic and molecular features, including those associated with inborn errors of immunity (IEI). Here, we discuss the unique clinical and biological characteristics of several distinct paediatric B‐cell NHL types to indicate a path forward in classification of these CAYA NHL to optimally support multidisciplinary patient care and personalized treatment. We propose a potential “arising in CAYA” classification qualifier to denote the distinct clinicopathologic characteristics of B‐cell NHLs that, otherwise, histologically and immunophenotypically resemble those arising in middle‐aged and older adults. We also discuss how haemopathology diagnoses are evolving to incorporate the most current scientific knowledge into future classification systems of CAYA B‐cell NHL.
Mapping the Future of Tech‐Infused Luxury: A Roadmap and Research Directions
Authors: Al‐Issa Nermain , Thanasi Marsela
Published: November 2024

This systematic review presents a pioneering analysis of advanced technology applications in the luxury industry, proposing a structured framework for effective integration across various supply chain and consumer journey stages. The study ensured a refined and comprehensive literature review by employing unique keywords derived from a preliminary exploration of technologies in retail and marketing. Our framework categorizes technologies according to their supply chain roles and highlights their impact on consumer perceptions, preferences, and purchasing decisions. The findings reveal a growing trend of luxury brands adopting advanced technologies to enhance customer experiences, boost operational efficiency, foster sustainable practices, and reinforce market positioning. This research contributes to sustainable supply chain management and ethical consumerism in the luxury sector by aligning technological innovation with sustainability and core luxury values. It provides actionable insights for industry practitioners and identifies future research directions, marking this study as a first‐mover in advancing academic understanding and industry practice in luxury technology integration.
Catheter‐Based Renal Denervation for Resistant Arterial Hypertension: 10‐Year Real‐World Follow‐Up Data
Authors: Brouwers Sofie , Botti Giulia , Verbesselt Matthias , Addeo Lucio , Belmonte Marta , Bermpeis Kostas , Bertolone Dario Tino , Valeriano Chiara , Viscusi Michele Mattia , Wyffels Eric
Published: November 2024

This analysis of real‐world data examines the efficacy, safety, and long‐term outcomes of renal denervation in hypertensive patients for up to 10 years. Sixty‐five consecutive patients underwent renal denervation (RDN) (single operator) for uncontrolled resistant hypertension. Efficacy was defined as the interindividual change of office (OBPM) and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) at 1, 6, 12 months, 2–4 and 5–10 years after RDN. Medication changes, renal function, and device generation disparities were analyzed. Of these patients, 42 received RDN with a first‐generation device, while 23 underwent the procedure with a second‐generation device. Baseline demographics included a predominantly male cohort (57.6%) with an average age of 60.3 years. The mean number of medications at baseline was 4.3. OBPM at baseline was 169.0/87.4 mmHg, and ABPM at baseline was 153.4/88.4 mmHg. Post‐procedure, significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) were observed in both OBPM and ABPM at 1 month (OBPM 147.9/82.8 mmHg; ABPM 141.3/83.0 mmHg [SBP, p < 0.001]), sustained up to 10 years (OBPM 153.1/84.3 mmHg; ABPM 138/80.1 mmHg [SBP, p < 0.001]). After 1 year around half of patients had a controlled OBPM and 24 h ABPM < 135/85 mmHg, which was associated with a higher number of ablation spots (31.5±14.8 vs. 15.5 ± 6.5, p = 0.002) and occurred more often when treated with a second‐generation device (2 [12.5%] vs. 7 [77.8%], p = 0.002). Renal function displayed a minor physiological decline over 5–10 years. No major complication occurred. Renal denervation demonstrated sustained significant reductions in systolic OBPM and ABPM up to 10 years post‐procedure. Controlled blood pressure at 1 year was associated with a higher number of mean ablated spots and the use of a second‐generation device. The procedure exhibited a favorable safety profile, indicating its viability in managing hypertension without significant renal function compromise.
Brain tissue microstructure in a prospective, longitudinal, population‐based cohort of preterm and term‐born young adults
Authors: Peterson Bradley S. , Delavari Sahar , Sadik Jonathan , Ersland Lars , Elgen Irene B. , Sawardekar Siddhant , Bansal Ravi , Aukland Stein Magnus
Published: November 2024

Background

Fifteen million infants annually are born prematurely, placing them at high risk for life‐long adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Whether brain tissue abnormalities that accompany preterm birth persist into young adulthood and are associated with long‐term cognitive or psychiatric outcomes is not known.

Methods

From infancy into young adulthood, we followed a population‐based sample of consecutively identified preterm infants and their matched term controls. The preterm group was born at an average gestational age of 31.5 ± 2.6 weeks. We obtained Diffusion Tensor Imaging scans and assessed cognitive and psychiatric outcomes in young adulthood, at a mean age of 19 (range 17.6–20.8) years. Usable data were acquired from 180 participants (89 preterm, 91 term).

Results

Preterm birth was associated with lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher average diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in deep white matter tracts of the internal capsule, cerebral peduncles, inferior frontal‐occipital fasciculus, sagittal stratum and splenium of the corpus callosum, as well as in grey matter of the caudate, putamen and thalamus. A younger gestational age at birth accentuated these tissue abnormalities. Perinatal characteristics, including lower 5‐min APGAR score, history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, more days of oxygen supplementation and multiple births all increased ADC values in deep white matter tracts and grey matter throughout the brain. Preterm individuals had significantly lower full‐scale IQ and more frequent lifetime psychiatric disorders. Those with psychiatric illnesses had significantly higher ADC and lower FA values throughout the deep posterior white matter.

Conclusions

Abnormalities in brain tissue microstructure associated with preterm birth persist into young adulthood and likely represent disordered myelination and accompanying axonal pathology. These disturbances are associated with a higher likelihood of developing a psychiatric disorder by young adulthood. Brain tissue disturbances were accentuated in those born at younger gestational ages and in those with a history of perinatal complications associated with infection and inflammation.
Consumer and multidisciplinary clinician experiences after implementation of the Drug Burden Index intervention bundle to facilitate deprescribing in older inpatients: A mixed method study
Authors: Masnoon Nashwa , Lo Sarita , Baysari Melissa , Bennett Alexandra , McLachlan Andrew J. , Blyth Fiona , Duong Mai , Hilmer Sarah N.
Published: November 2024

Rationale

The Drug Burden Index (DBI) measures exposure to anticholinergic and sedative drugs, which are associated with harm in older adults. To facilitate deprescribing in older Australian inpatients, we piloted an intervention bundle integrating the DBI in Electronic Medical Records, clinician deprescribing guides, consumer information leaflets and a stewardship pharmacist.

Objectives

To understand (i) hospital clinician experiences of using the bundle and (ii) consumer (patient and carer) and General Practitioner (GP) experiences of in‐hospital deprescribing, following bundle implementation.

Methods

Hospital clinicians from target services (General and Geriatric Medicine) at an Australian metropolitan tertiary‐referral hospital, were invited to complete surveys, including the System Usability Scale (SUS), and interviews. Patients aged ≥75 years with high DBI (DBI ≥1) were admitted to target services, and their carers, received interview invitations. Consenting patients’ GPs received surveys. Qualitative data was thematically analysed. Hospital clinician interviews were mapped to the Human Organisation Technology‐fit Framework. Patient interviews were mapped to an adaptation of the National Health Service Patient Experience Framework.

Results

Seventeen hospital clinicians (n = 15 medical, n = 2 pharmacists) and four GPs completed surveys. Eight hospital clinicians (n = 7 medical, n = 1 pharmacist), seven patients and two carers completed interviews. Hospital clinicians reported good usability (SUS score 71.5 ± 12.5). Most themes were around system use and user satisfaction. They reported the intervention was useful for medication review, identified challenges from pre‐existing heavy workload and suggested further integration into workflows. Patients and carers reported themes around information, communication and education. Patients reported feeling better or no different post‐deprescribing. Patients, carers and GPs described poor communication regarding in‐hospital medication changes and their rationale.

Conclusions

The intervention was well accepted by hospital clinicians. The bundle requires further integration into workflows for sustainability and assessment of generalisability in other health services. Given patients, carers and GPs reported poor medication‐related communication, future interventions may target this.
Social determinants of health and mild cognitive impairment in a diverse community sample
Authors: Ganguli Mary , Jacobsen Erin , Song Ruopu , Wood Isabella , Kinnee Ellen J. , Hughes Tiffany F. , Snitz Beth E. , Chang Chung‐Chou H.
Published: November 2024

Background

The associations between community‐wide social determinants of health and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among individuals warrant investigation.

Methods

Among 2830 dementia‐free individuals aged 65+ years in a community‐based US study, we examined cross‐sectional associations of MCI (Clinical Dementia Rating = 0.5) with the following potential social determinants of health: at the census tract or block group level obtained from public sources: neighborhood disadvantage (Area Deprivation Index, ADI), air pollution with fine particulate matter (PM2.5), greenspace, Walkability Index, ambulatory healthcare availability per square mile, homicide rate; and at the individual participant level, birth/schooling in a southern US state.

Results

Unadjusted logistic regression models found higher odds ratios (OR, 95% CI) for MCI with higher ADI (1.01, 1.003–1.02), higher PM2.5 (1.16, 1.07–1.26), higher homicide rate (1.007, 1.001–1.012), lesser greenspace (0.99, 0.90–0.99), and southern schooling (2.06, 1.6–3.54). Adjusting for age, race, sex, and educational level, ADI remained statistically significant (1.04, 1.01–1.06), while PM2.5 and Southern state schooling interacted significantly with race and were more strongly affected in Black participants than in White participants.

Conclusions

In this cohort, several community‐wide social/environmental factors were associated with MCI. While clinicians should continue to encourage older adults to modify their individual risk factors, policy changes are needed to mitigate social determinants of health in the community.
Brain tissue classification in hyperspectral images using multistage diffusion features and transformer
Authors: Sigger Neetu , Nguyen Tuan T. , Tozzi Gianluca
Published: November 2024

Brain surgery is a widely practised and effective treatment for brain tumours, but accurately identifying and classifying tumour boundaries is crucial to maximise resection and avoid neurological complications. This precision in classification is essential for guiding surgical decisions and subsequent treatment planning. Hyperspectral (HS) imaging (HSI) is an emerging multidimensional optical imaging method that captures detailed spectral information across multiple wavelengths, allowing for the identification of nuanced differences in tissue composition, with the potential to enhance intraoperative tissue classification. However, current frameworks often require retraining models for each HSI to extract meaningful features, resulting in long processing times and high computational costs. Additionally, most methods utilise the deep semantic features at the end of the network for classification, ignoring the spatial details contained in the shallow features. To overcome these challenges, we propose a novel approach called MedDiffHSI, which combines diffusion and transformer techniques. Our method involves training an unsupervised learning framework based on the diffusion model to extract high‐level and low‐level spectral–spatial features from HSI. This approach eliminates the need for retraining of spectral–spatial feature learning model, thereby reducing time complexity. We then extract intermediate multistage features from different timestamps for classification using a pretrained denoising U‐Net. To fully explore and exploit the rich contextual semantics and textual information hidden in the extracted diffusion feature, we utilise a spectral–spatial attention module. This module not only learns multistage information about features at different depths, but also extracts and enhances effective information from them. Finally, we employ a supervised transformer‐based classifier with weighted majority voting (WMV) to perform the HSI classification. To validate our approach, we conduct comprehensive experiments on in vivo brain database data sets and also extend the analysis to include additional HSI data sets for breast cancer to evaluate the framework performance across different types of tissue. The results demonstrate that our framework outperforms existing approaches by using minimal training samples (5%) while achieving state‐of‐the‐art performance.
Smartphone‐based high durable strain sensor with sub‐pixel‐level accuracy and adjustable camera position
Authors: Wu Pengfei , Lu Bo , Li Huan , Li Weijie , Zhao Xuefeng
Published: November 2024

Computer vision strain sensors typically require the camera position to be fixed, limiting measurements to surface deformations of structures at pixel‐level resolution. Also, sensors have a service term significantly shorter than the designed service term of the structures. This paper presents research on a high durable computer vision sensor, microimage strain sensing (MISS)‐Silica, which utilizes a smartphone connected to an endoscope for measurement. It is designed with a range of 0.05 ε, enabling full‐stage strain measurement from loading to failure of structures. The sensor does not require the camera to be fixed during measurements, laying the theoretical foundation for embedded computer vision sensors. Measurement accuracy is improved from pixel level to sub‐pixel level, with pixel‐based measurement errors around 8 µε (standard deviation approximately 7 µε) and sub‐pixel calculation errors around 6 µε (standard deviation approximately 5 µε). Sub‐pixel calculation has approximately 30% enhancement in measurement accuracy and stability. MISS‐Silica features easy data acquisition, high precision, and long service term, offering a promising method for long‐term measurement of both surface and internal structures.
The In Vitro Activity of Rezafungin Against Uncommon Species of Candida
Authors: Winkler Marisa L. , Rhomberg Paul , Klauer Abigail L. , Edeker Samuel , Castanheira Mariana
Published: November 2024

Background

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is increasing due to the rising numbers of immunocompromised patients. Increasing azole resistance rates and daily dosing required for most echinocandins have complicated its treatment. The approval of rezafungin has provided an option for weekly echinocandin treatment. The susceptibility of less common Candida spp. to rezafungin is unclear. We looked at the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of rezafungin and comparator agents against Candida spp. collected as part of a global surveillance program.

Method

The CLSI reference broth microdilution method was performed to test 590 clinical isolates of 28 different Candida species, including Candida auris. Species‐specific interpretative criteria by breakpoints or epidemiological cutoff values were applied where available.

Results

Rezafungin was within ±2‐fold MIC50/90 values of other echinocandins against all Candida spp. The lowest rezafungin MIC50/90 values were noted against C. kefyr (0.03/0.06 mg/L) and C. pelliculosa (0.015/0.03 mg/L). Higher rezafungin MIC50/90 values were noted for C. guilliermondii (1/1 mg/L) and for isolates in the C. parapsilosis complex (C. orthopsilosis, 0.5/1 mg/L, C. metapsilosis, 0.12/0.5 mg/L). Rezafungin was active against 97.7% of C. dubliniensis and 95.4% of C. auris by CLSI breakpoints. For fluconazole, 69.7% of C. guilliermondii, 85.7% of C. orthopsilosis, and 100% of C. metapsilosis were wildtype by ECV, and 10.8% of C. auris were susceptible by CDC breakpoint.

Conclusions

Rezafungin was highly active by in vitro testing against less common Candida spp. Rezafungin MICs were comparable to other echinocandins. Rezafungin is a desirable therapeutic alternative due to its reduced dosing frequency.
Finite element and microstructural analyses indicate that pteraspid heterostracan oral plate microstructure was adapted to a mechanical function
Authors: Grohganz Madleen , Ballell Antonio , Rayfield Emily J. , Ferrón Humberto G. , Johanson Zerina , Donoghue Philip C. J.
Published: November 2024

Early vertebrate evolution has been characterized as a gradual shift from passive to more active feeding modes. However, this evolutionary scenario is contingent on poorly constrained inferences of the feeding ecology of extinct stem‐gnathostomes. Heterostracans are among the earliest members of the gnathostome stem‐lineage. Pteraspidiform heterostracans possessed an oral apparatus composed of rod‐like plates that has been interpreted as being used for either passive suspension feeding or mechanical food processing. Direct tests of the suspension feeding interpretation are challenging and so we tested hypotheses of mechanical function using a combination of microstructural and finite element analysis. Our results demonstrate a negative relationship between simulated minimum principal stress (mostly compressive stress) and bone volume fraction (a proxy for internal microstructure); the higher the stress, the higher the bone volume fraction. This relationship is clearest in the oral plate shaft. The hook, where a load would be applied, shows the highest bone volume fraction values. Our results are compatible with the adaption of skeletal microstructure to mechanical function in which bone adaptively remodels under applied load to become denser to withstand increased stress. On this basis we reject the suspension feeding hypothesis in favour of a mechanical function for oral plates, such as deposit feeding or scavenging, in support for which we observe wear patterns on the aboral surface and the distal tip of the hook compatible with repeated abrasive polishing.
Client credibility judgment: A source of inequity in street‐level implementation
Authors: Kang Inkyu , Lee Seulki
Published: November 2024

Street‐level bureaucrats rely on credibility judgments when navigating interactions with citizen‐clients who are mostly strangers. These credibility judgments are inherently susceptible to prejudice against marginalized social groups, especially among majority bureaucrats who do not represent the marginalized groups in question. This argument was examined through a sequential mixed‐methods design, focusing on the case of police investigations of women's sexual assault accusations. In a mock investigatory case presented through vignettes, results revealed that male investigators were less inclined than their female counterparts to find the accusations credible. Interviewed investigators admitted to often relying on stereotyping cues when assessing the accusations' credibility, and elaborated on how increasing female representation in the workforce could help mitigate this problem. Our study highlights that client credibility judgments act as an inequitable gatekeeper in street‐level implementation. The implications extend beyond policing to other policy domains where program integrity is a salient issue, such as welfare.
Assessing the Feasibility of Sustainable Aquaculture for Common Snook Centropomus undecimalis
Authors: de Jesús Contreras‐García María , Contreras‐Sánchez Wilfrido M. , Mendoza‐Carranza Manuel
Published: November 2024

Common Snook (Centropomus undecimalis) is widely distributed across the tropical Atlantic Coasts and has a significant economic impact. This review aims to assess the knowledge status of common snook, contributing significantly to the development of sustainable aquacultural practices. The review was conducted using Web of Science and Google Scholar to identify scientific articles analysing the biology and ecology, the status of snook fisheries and developments in aquaculture production. Researchers in the USA, Mexico and Brazil have conducted 37.95%, 25.52% and 26.21% of published research, respectively, focusing mainly on reproduction in natural environments, status of fisheries and aquaculture production. From an environmental perspective, it is essential to understand the factors impacting C. undecimalis populations. Climate change effects and human alterations to river courses pose significant threats. In addition to fishing regulations, there is a promising potential for further fisheries research and to deepen the understanding of the life cycle to support the implementation of sound aquacultural practices to replenish exploited stocks and to develop commercial aquaculture. Currently, C. undecimalis populations in Mexico and the United States are overexploited, focusing on México, which now has a management plan. Advances in controlled reproduction and larval development have been made. However, many challenges remain unclear, such as larval conditions that continue to represent a bottleneck to block continuous and large‐scale aquaculture production, larval nutrition, disease management and culture systems. However, aquaculture holds the potential to enhance the sustainability of this species by reducing fishing pressure and aiding population recovery.
The HLA‐B*27:264 Allele Identified in a Volunteer Donor for Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
Authors: Baek In‐Cheol , Choi Eun‐Jeong , Kim Hyoung‐Jae , Choi Haeyoun , Chung Yeun‐Jun
Published: November 2024

HLA‐B*27:264 differs from HLA‐B*27:05:02:01 in codon 49 in exon 2.
Effects of Scavenging-Port Semi-Direct Injection Strategy on Mixture Formation for a Two-Stroke Spark-Ignition Kerosene Piston Engine
Authors: Liu Rui , Li Songhong , Liu Siyu , Zhong Lingfeng , Chen Yufeng , Li Jing
Published: November 2024

The two-stroke spark-ignition (SI) kerosene piston engines (KPE) are commonly utilized in lightweight unmanned aerial vehicles. The quality of mixture formation is crucial for the engine performance. This paper investigates the mixture quality in a semi-direct injection (SDI) SI KPE. Computational models were established using a 1D simulation tool and a 3D computational platform to analyze the effects of injection pressure, injection timing, and fuel temperature on atomization and mixture formation. The results indicate that increasing injection pressure promotes a more uniform mixture distribution. Higher injection pressures also enhance the formation of fuel film. At the top dead center (TDC), the average equivalence ratio (ER) with an injection pressure of 0.7 MPa is 3.8% higher than that of 0.3 MPa and 1.9% lower than that of 0.5 MPa. Delaying the injection timing increases the pressure difference between the cylinder and scavenging port, weakening fuel penetration and improving the fuel gasification rate. When the injection timing is set to 180 °CA ATDC, the average ER at TDC is 10.4% higher than that at 140 °CA ATDC, with a 6.6% decrease in fuel capture rate. Increasing fuel temperature effectively enhances the fuel gasification rate. However, excessively higher fuel temperatures will not significantly improve mixture quality. At a fuel temperature of 380 K, the average ER at TDC is 2.9% higher than that at 340 K. Response surface analysis reveals that the control parameters affect the average ERs in the following order of influence: injection timing, fuel temperature, and injection pressure. This study provides theoretical support for optimizing control parameters in SDI SI KPEs.
Switching Events of Wakes Shed From Two Short Flapping Side-by-Side Cylinders
Authors: Wang Yong Pu , Atkins Michael D. , Lu Tian Jian , Kim Tongbeum
Published: November 2024

The wakes shed alternatively from two long stationary side-by-side cylinders have long been an issue in many engineering applications, such as wind energy harvesting schemes that utilize vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs). In this study, switching events of the wakes shed from two “short,” “flapping” side-by-side cylinders are investigated. To this end, the flow visualization and spectral analysis of the time-resolved data from hot-wire anemometers and the piezoelectric mount of flapping cylinders are carried out. Measurements are conducted with differing center-to-center spacing normalized by a single cylinder diameter (T/D)—gap ratio, and length-to-diameter ratio (L/D) in a Reynolds number range of 800 ≤ ReD ≤ 16,000. The results demonstrate the transition of wake shedding patterns, sequentially from a single bluff body wake, first bistable wakes, tristable wakes, second bistable wakes, and eventually to coupled wakes as the gap ratio is increased. Furthermore, the role of shortness and flapping of the two cylinders in determining the wake kinematics is elucidated, and the transitional sequences and switching of dominant shedding frequencies are detailed.
Fabrication of silicon W and G center embedded light-emitting diodes for electroluminescence
Authors: Ebadollahi Nikki , Namboodiri Pradeep N. , Pederson Christian , Veetil Vijin K. , Davanco Marcelo I. , Srinivasan Kartik A. , Katzenmeyer Aaron M. , Pelton Matthew , Pomeroy Joshua M.
Published: November 2024

The need for reliable quantum light sources drives our research to study color centers (CCs) in silicon as telecommunication O-band emitters. Building from photoluminescence measurements, we compare new electroluminescence measurements. To this end, we synthesized CC-embedded p-i-n junctions in silicon, creating CC light-emitting diode devices. The two types of CCs synthesized were G-centers and W-centers, which show zero-phonon lines at approximately 1279 nm and 1218 nm, respectively. Here, we present our device design, fabrication process flow, and report on the device performance results from measurements to date.
Association Between Objective Sleep and Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults With Low Back Pain Receiving Physical Therapy Care: A Secondary Analysis of a Responsiveness Study
Authors: Silva Samuel , Pinto Rafael Zambelli , Mendes Gabriel , Santos Raimundo Lucas , Grade Isadora , de Mello Marco Túlio , Hayden Jill A. , Silva Andressa
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Sleep seems to be associated with worse low back pain (LBP) outcomes in older adults; however, studies investigating the association of objective sleep with future changes in LBP outcomes are lacking. The objectives of this study are as follows: (a) to investigate the association between objectively measured sleep with changes in clinical outcomes in older adults with LBP receiving physical therapy care and (b) to examine the cross-sectional association between sleep and pain catastrophizing. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study. We recruited older adults (≥60 years old) with chronic LBP undergoing physical therapy treatment. At baseline, we assessed participants’ sleep (actigraphy for 10–14 days), pain intensity, disability, pain catastrophizing, and covariates. After 8 weeks, we reassessed pain intensity, disability, and self-perceived recovery. We ran linear regression models and Spearman coefficient tests. Results: Fifty-eight participants were included, and 51 completed follow-up assessments (60.8% women; mean age 70.1 ± 5.6 years). We found no associations between sleep quantity and efficiency with changes in pain intensity, disability, and self-perceived recovery after 8 weeks of physical therapy care. We found a correlation between sleep fragmentation and pain catastrophizing (r = .30; 95% confidence interval: [.03, .54]). Conclusion: Objective sleep quantity and efficiency may not be associated with changes in LBP outcomes after physical therapy care in older adults. Among the sleep domains evaluated, sleep fragmentation may be the sleep domain with the strongest association with pain catastrophizing. Significance/Implications: Objectively measured sleep might not be a prognostic factor for LBP improvement in older adults. Future studies should explore the association between sleep fragmentation and pain catastrophizing.
“To Find My Own Way of Teaching!”: An Autoethnographic Experience in the Study of Physical Education Teacher Training in a Foreign Territory
Authors: Pochon Sarah
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The article illustrates why it was necessary to use an autoethnographic approach in the study of initial training for future Finnish physical education teachers, and demonstrates how a researcher’s self-reflection can initiate an investigation, and how personal narratives can serve as both a research method and a means of data collection in a foreign research setting. Method: In support of a qualitative survey conducted in Finland, we will show that the autoethnographic method is based on a written text valuing the narrative of the self, and on careful, and detailed descriptions of the context we investigated. Results: The article will show how the reflexivity of the researcher and inquiry narrative can become a fundamental aspect of the investigation. The results highlight why engagement in autoethnography has become an emergent need for us to study the practices of Finnish teacher educators, and how my lived experiences, in relation to the existing literature, have allowed for a better understanding of a foreign professional culture in physical education, which is based on a culture of collaboration and reflexivity. Conclusion: The experience illustrates how autoethnography encourages the physical education researcher working in a foreign setting to distance themselves from their own professional culture to better understand the culture they are studying with the aim of proposing perspectives for change within their own professional culture.
Immune responses drive chorioretinitis and retinal pathology after neonatal CMV infection
Authors: McCord Jessica L. , Han John Y. S. , Staudt Ross E. , Philp Nancy J. , Snyder Christopher M.
Published: November 2024

Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) causes a common congenital infection leading to long-term neurological impairments including brain, cochlear, and ocular pathology. Infection of newborn mice with murine (M)CMV is an established model of neuropathology caused by congenital CMV infection, with recent work suggesting that brain pathology may be driven by immune responses. In the eye, however, CMV retinitis is thought to result from virus-driven necrosis in the absence of T cell responses. We found that MCMV infection of newborn mice recapitulates human eye disease after congenital CMV infection, including focal chorioretinitis, inflamed vasculature, and disrupted blood-retinal barriers. Moreover, infection drove extensive T cell infiltration of the retina and marked gliosis. Blocking immune responses generally, or via targeting the chemokine receptor CXCR3, did not exacerbate retinal disease but instead prevented pathology despite retinal MCMV infection. Thus, our data establish this model for studies of congenital retinal disease and show that the immune system drives pathology in the neonatal eye after MCMV infection.
Sequential introgression of a carotenoid processing gene underlies sexual ornament diversity in a genus of manakins
Authors: Lim Haw Chuan , Bennett Kevin F. P. , Justyn Nicholas M. , Powers Matthew J. , Long Kira M. , Kingston Sarah E. , Lindsay Willow R. , Pease James B. , Fuxjager Matthew J. , Bolton Peri E. , Balakrishnan Christopher N. , Day Lainy B. , Parsons Thomas J. , Brawn Jeffrey D. , Hill Geoffrey E. , Braun Michael J.
Published: November 2024

In a hybrid zone between two tropical lekking birds, yellow male plumage of one species has introgressed asymmetrically replacing white plumage of another via sexual selection. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the plumage trait to uncover its physical and genetic bases and trace its evolutionary history. We determine that the carotenoid lutein underlies the yellow phenotype and describe microstructural feather features likely to enhance color appearance. These same features reduce predicted water shedding capacity of feathers, a potential liability in the tropics. Through genome-scale DNA sequencing of hybrids and each species in the genus, we identify
BCO2
as the major gene responsible for the color polymorphism. The
BCO2
gene tree and genome-wide allele frequency patterns suggest that carotenoid-pigmented collars initially arose in a third species and reached the hybrid zone through historical gene flow. Complex interplay between sexual selection and hybridization has thus shaped phenotypes of these species, where conspicuous sexual traits are key to male reproductive success.
Dynamically patterning x-ray beam by a femtosecond optical laser
Authors: Tamasaku Kenji , Sato Takahiro , Osaka Taito , Osawa Hitoshi , Zhu Diling , Ishikawa Tetsuya
Published: November 2024

Modern science and technology have greatly benefitted from our ability to precisely manipulate light waves, in both their spatial and temporal degrees of freedom. In the x-ray region, however, spatial control has been virtually static mainly due to stringent requirements for realizing high-performance optical elements. The lack of dynamic spatial control of x-ray beam has prevented researchers from realizing more sophisticated use of the wave field, which has rapidly advanced in the optical region in the past decades. In this study, we propose a practical scheme to dynamically control local x-ray reflectivity of a perfect silicon crystal by a femtosecond optical laser and demonstrate a programmable spatial x-ray modulator. Our modulator aims for spatial manipulation of the x-ray amplitude and is shown to produce arbitrary grayscale patterns with spatial frequencies up to 25 per millimeter. The proposed modulation scheme opens up a platform to enable advanced x-ray sensing and imaging techniques that can fully harness the wave nature of x-rays.
Reduced striatal M4-cholinergic signaling following dopamine loss contributes to parkinsonian and
l
-DOPA–induced dyskinetic behaviors
Authors: Nielsen Beatriz E. , Ford Christopher P.
Published: November 2024

A dynamic equilibrium between dopamine and acetylcholine (ACh) is essential for striatal circuitry and motor function, as imbalances are associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID). Conventional theories posit that cholinergic signaling is pathologically elevated in PD as a result of increased ACh release, which contributes to motor deficits. However, using approaches to measure receptor-mediated signaling, we found that, rather than the predicted enhancement, the strength of cholinergic transmission at muscarinic M4 receptor synapses on direct pathway medium spiny neurons was decreased in dopamine-depleted mice. This adaptation was due to a reduced postsynaptic M4 receptor function, resulting from down-regulated receptors and downstream signaling. Restoring M4 transmission unexpectedly led to a partial alleviation of motor deficits and LID dyskinetic behavior, revealing an unexpected prokinetic effect in addition to the canonical antikinetic role of M4 receptors. These findings indicate that decreased M4 function differentially contributes to parkinsonian and LID pathophysiology, representing a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
Stiffness-tunable velvet worm–inspired soft adhesive robot
Authors: Min Hyeongho , Bae Daebeom , Jang Siyeon , Lee Sangmin , Park Myungjin , Dayan Cem Balda , Choi Jiwoong , Bak Keungyonh , Yang Yoosoo , Chun Sungwoo , Sitti Metin
Published: November 2024

Considering the characteristics and operating environment of remotely controlled miniature soft robots, achieving delicate adhesion control over various target surfaces is a substantial challenge. In particular, the ability to delicately grasp wrinkled and soft biological and nonbiological surfaces with low preload without causing damage is essential. The proposed adhesive robotic system, inspired by the secretions from a velvet worm, uses a structured magnetorheological material that exhibits precise adhesion control with stability and repeatability by the rapid stiffness change controlled by an external magnetic field. The proposed adhesion protocol involves controlling soft-state adhesion, maintaining a large contact area, and enhancing the elastic modulus, and the mechanical structure enhances the effectiveness of this protocol. Demonstrations of the remote adhesive robot include stable transportation in soft and wet organs, unscrewing a nut from a bolt, and supporting mouse tumor removal surgery. These results indicate the potential applicability of the soft adhesive robot in biomedical engineering, especially for targeting small-scale biological tissues and organisms.
Moiré polar vortex, flat bands, and Lieb lattice in twisted bilayer BaTiO
3
Authors: Lee Seungjun , de Sousa D. J. P. , Jalan Bharat , Low Tony
Published: November 2024

Through first-principles calculations based on density functional theory, we investigate the crystal and electronic structures of twisted bilayer BaTiO
3
. Our findings reveal that large stacking fault energy leads to a chiral in-plane vortex pattern that was recently observed in experiments. We also found nonzero out-of-plane local dipole moments, indicating that the strong interlayer interaction might offer a promising strategy to stabilize ferroelectric order in the two-dimensional limit. The vortex pattern in the twisted BaTiO
3
bilayer supports localized electronic states with quasi-flat bands, associated with the interlayer hybridization of oxygen

p
z

orbitals. We found that the associated bandwidth reaches a minimum at ∼19
∘
twisting, configuring the largest magic angle in moiré systems reported so far. Further, the moiré vortex pattern bears a notable resemblance to two interpenetrating Lieb lattices and the corresponding tight-binding model provides a comprehensive description of the evolution the moiré bands with twist angle and reveals the topological nature.
A potent proresolving mediator 17R-resolvin D2 from human macrophages, monocytes, and saliva
Authors: Simard Mélissa , Nshimiyimana Robert , Chiang Nan , Rodriguez Ana R. , Spur Bernd W. , Serhan Charles N.
Published: November 2024

Production of specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) during the resolution phase in the acute inflammatory response is key to orchestrating complete resolution. Here, we uncovered a trihydroxy resolvin in fresh human saliva. We identified and determined its complete stereochemistry as 7S,16R,17R-trihydroxy-4Z,8E,10Z,12E,14E,19Z-docosahexaenoic acid (17R-RvD2) using total organic synthesis and matching of physical properties. The 17R-RvD2 was produced by activated human M2-like macrophages, M1-like macrophages, and human peripheral blood monocytes. 17R-RvD2 displayed potent proresolving functions (picomolar to nanomolar). Topical application of 17R-RvD2 on mouse ear skin reduced neutrophilic infiltration (~50%). 17R-RvD2 increased M2 markers CD206 and CD163 on human monocyte–derived macrophages and enhanced efferocytosis of senescent red blood cells by M2-like macrophages (EC
50
~ 2.6 × 10
−14
M). In addition, 17R-RvD2 activated the RvD2 receptor and was equipotent to its epimer RvD2. 17R-RvD2 also significantly increased phagocytosis of
Escherichia coli
by human neutrophils. Together, these results establish the complete stereochemistry and potent proresolving functions of the previously unknown 17R-RvD2.
Hepatovirus translation requires PDGFA-associated protein 1, an eIF4E-binding protein regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress responses
Authors: Shirasaki Takayoshi , Lenarcic Erik , Misumi Ichiro , Xie Ling , Fusco William G. , Yonish Bryan , Das Anshuman , Kim Hyejeong , Cameron Craig E. , Léger-Abraham Mélissa , Chen Xian , Cullen John M. , Whitmire Jason K. , Li You , Duncan Joseph A. , Moorman Nathaniel J. , Lemon Stanley M.
Published: November 2024

The overexpression and misfolding of viral proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) may cause cellular stress, thereby inducing a cytoprotective, proteostatic host response involving phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha (eIF2α). Here, we show that hepatitis A virus, a positive-strand RNA virus responsible for infectious hepatitis, adopts a stress-resistant, eIF2α-independent mechanism of translation to ensure the synthesis of viral proteins within the infected liver. Cap-independent translation directed by the hepatovirus internal ribosome entry site and productive hepatovirus infection of mice both require platelet-derived growth factor subunit A (PDGFA)–associated protein 1 (PDAP1), a small phosphoprotein of unknown function with eIF4E-binding activity. PDAP1 also interacts with eIF1A and is essential for translating stress-resistant host messenger RNAs that evade the proteostatic response to ER stress and that encode proteins promoting the survival of stressed cells.
MoZn-based high entropy alloy catalysts enabled dual activation and stabilization in alkaline oxygen evolution
Authors: Mei Yunjie , Chen Jinli , Wang Qi , Guo Yaqing , Liu Hanwen , Shi Wenhui , Lin Cheng , Yuan Yifei , Wang Yuhua , Xia Bao Yu , Yao Yonggang
Published: November 2024

It remains a grand challenge to develop electrocatalysts with simultaneously high activity, long durability, and low cost for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), originating from two competing reaction pathways and often trade-off performances. The adsorbed evolution mechanism (AEM) suffers from sluggish kinetics due to a linear scaling relationship, while the lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) causes unstable structures due to lattice oxygen escape. We propose a MoZnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy (HEA) incorporating AEM-promoter Mo and LOM-active Zn to achieve dual activation and stabilization for efficient and durable OER. Density functional theory and chemical probe experiments confirmed dual-mechanism activation, with representative Co-Co
†
-Mo sites facilitating AEM and Zn-O
†
-Ni sites enhancing LOM, resulting in an ultralow OER overpotential (η
10
= 221 mV). The multielement interaction, high-entropy structure, and carbon network notably enhance structural stability for durable catalysis (>1500 hours at 100 mA cm
−2
). Our work offers a viable approach to concurrently enhance OER activity and stability by designing HEA catalysts to enable dual-mechanism synergy.
Synthetic, multi-dynamic hydrogels by uniting stress-stiffening and supramolecular polymers
Authors: Rijns Laura , Rutten Martin G. T. A. , Bellan Riccardo , Yuan Hongbo , Mugnai Mauro L. , Rocha Susana , del Gado Emanuela , Kouwer Paul H. J. , Dankers Patricia Y. W.
Published: November 2024

Nature uses discrete molecular building blocks to form polymers that assemble into multicomponent, multi-dynamic networks, inside (cytoskeleton) and outside (extracellular matrix) the cell. Both the intra-fibrous molecular dynamics and interactions between fibers dictate (non)linear mechanics, such as stress stiffening and relaxation, and ultimately biological function. Current synthetic systems capture only one dynamic process. Here, we present multi-dynamic hydrogels by uniting a stress-stiffening polymer with supramolecular polymers. Crucial is the molecular dynamics of the supramolecular polymers: They dictate the interaction strength with the stress-stiffening polymer and the subsequent dynamic mechanical properties of the mixed networks. The biological relevance of our multi-dynamic hydrogels is demonstrated by their ability to support fibroblast cell spreading. Future work may address the display of various dynamically presented bioactive cues to cells.
Structure of the human TSC:WIPI3 lysosomal recruitment complex
Authors: Bayly-Jones Charles , Lupton Christopher J. , D’Andrea Laura , Chang Yong-Gang , Jones Gareth D. , Steele Joel R. , Venugopal Hari , Schittenhelm Ralf B. , Halls Michelle L. , Ellisdon Andrew M.
Published: November 2024

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is targeted to the lysosomal membrane, where it hydrolyzes RAS homolog–mTORC1 binding (RHEB) from its GTP-bound to GDP-bound state, inhibiting mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). Loss-of-function mutations in TSC cause TSC disease, marked by excessive tumor growth. Here, we overcome a high degree of continuous conformational heterogeneity to determine the 2.8-Å cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the complete human TSC in complex with the lysosomal recruitment factor WD repeat domain phosphoinositide–interacting protein 3 (WIPI3). We discover a previously undetected amino-terminal TSC1 HEAT repeat dimer that clamps onto a single TSC wing and forms a phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP)–binding pocket, which specifically binds monophosphorylated PIPs. These structural advances provide a model by which WIPI3 and PIP-signaling networks coordinate to recruit TSC to the lysosomal membrane to inhibit mTORC1. The high-resolution TSC structure reveals previously unrecognized mutational hotspots and uncovers crucial insights into the mechanisms of TSC dysregulation in disease.
Atomically dispersed nickel in CeO
2
aerogel catalysts completely suppresses methanation in the water-gas shift reaction
Authors: Novak Travis G. , Herzog Austin E. , Buck Matthew R. , Spears Ronnell J. , Sendgikoski Kyle , DeBlock Ryan H. , Brintlinger Todd H. , DeSario Paul A. , Rolison Debra R.
Published: November 2024

Nickel-based catalysts are widely studied for water-gas shift (WGS), a key intermediate step in hydrogen production from carbon-based feedstocks. Their viability under practical conditions is limited at high temperatures when Ni aggregates and converts CO to methane, an undesirable side product. Because experimental and computational studies identify undercoordinated Ni step sites as most active toward CH
4
formation, we eliminate Ni step sites by atomically dispersing Ni into networked, nanoparticulate CeO
2
aerogels. The mesoporous catalyst with 2.5 atomic % Ni in CeO
2
is highly active for WGS, converting near-equilibrium levels of CO at 350°C, while no CH
4
is detected at the limit of detection (<2 parts per million). In contrast, supporting low weight percentages of Ni clusters or nanoparticles on CeO
2
aerogels leads to methanation. The CH
4
yield produced by the atomically dispersed Ni-substituted CeO
2
aerogel is over an order of magnitude lower than previously reported Ni-based catalysts claiming methane suppression, marking an important advance in the development of WGS catalysts.