bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth Mechanism for Low Temperature PVD Graphene Synthesis on Copper Using Amorphous Carbon
Authors: Narula Udit , Tan Cher Ming , Lai Chao Sung
Published: March 2017

Growth mechanism for synthesizing PVD based Graphene using Amorphous Carbon, catalyzed by Copper is investigated in this work. Different experiments with respect to Amorphous Carbon film thickness, annealing time and temperature are performed for the investigation. Copper film stress and its effect on hydrogen diffusion through the film grain boundaries are found to be the key factors for the growth mechanism, and supported by our Finite Element Modeling. Low temperature growth of Graphene is achieved and the proposed growth mechanism is found to remain valid at low temperatures.
A randomized trial and novel SPR technique identifies altered lipoprotein-LDL receptor binding as a mechanism underlying elevated LDL-cholesterol in APOE4s
Authors: Calabuig-Navarro M. V. , Jackson K. G. , Kemp C. F. , Leake D. S. , Walden C. M. , Lovegrove J. A. , Minihane A. M.
Published: March 2017

At a population level APOE4 carriers (~25% Caucasians) are at higher risk of cardiovascular diseases. The penetrance of genotype is however variable and influenced by dietary fat composition, with the APOE4 allele associated with greater LDL-cholesterol elevation in response to saturated fatty acids (SFA). The etiology of this greater responsiveness is unknown. Here a novel surface plasmon resonance technique (SPR) is developed and used, along with hepatocyte (with the liver being the main organ modulating lipoprotein metabolism and plasma lipid levels) uptake studies to establish the impact of dietary fatty acid composition on, lipoprotein-LDL receptor (LDLR) binding, and hepatocyte uptake, according to APOE genotype status. In men prospectively recruited according to APOE genotype (APOE3/3 common genotype, or APOE3/E4), triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TRLs) were isolated at fasting and 4–6 h following test meals rich in SFA, unsaturated fat and SFA with fish oil. In APOE4s a greater LDLR binding affinity of postprandial TRL after SFA, and lower LDL binding and hepatocyte internalization, provide mechanisms for the greater LDL-cholesterol raising effect. The SPR technique developed may be used for the future study of the impact of genotype, and physiological and behavioral variables on lipoprotein metabolism. Trial registration number NCT01522482.
Magnetically controlled ferromagnetic swimmers
Authors: Hamilton Joshua K. , Petrov Peter G. , Winlove C. Peter , Gilbert Andrew D. , Bryan Matthew T. , Ogrin Feodor Y.
Published: March 2017

Microscopic swimming devices hold promise for radically new applications in lab-on-a-chip and microfluidic technology, diagnostics and drug delivery etc. In this paper, we demonstrate the experimental verification of a new class of autonomous ferromagnetic swimming devices, actuated and controlled solely by an oscillating magnetic field. These devices are based on a pair of interacting ferromagnetic particles of different size and different anisotropic properties joined by an elastic link and actuated by an external time-dependent magnetic field. The net motion is generated through a combination of dipolar interparticle gradient forces, time-dependent torque and hydrodynamic coupling. We investigate the dynamic performance of a prototype (3.6 mm) of the ferromagnetic swimmer in fluids of different viscosity as a function of the external field parameters (frequency and amplitude) and demonstrate stable propulsion over a wide range of Reynolds numbers. We show that the direction of swimming has a dependence on both the frequency and amplitude of the applied external magnetic field, resulting in robust control over the speed and direction of propulsion. This paves the way to fabricating microscale devices for a variety of technological applications requiring reliable actuation and high degree of control.
A norm knockout method on indirect reciprocity to reveal indispensable norms
Authors: Yamamoto Hitoshi , Okada Isamu , Uchida Satoshi , Sasaki Tatsuya
Published: March 2017

Although various norms for reciprocity-based cooperation have been suggested that are evolutionarily stable against invasion from free riders, the process of alternation of norms and the role of diversified norms remain unclear in the evolution of cooperation. We clarify the co-evolutionary dynamics of norms and cooperation in indirect reciprocity and also identify the indispensable norms for the evolution of cooperation. Inspired by the gene knockout method, a genetic engineering technique, we developed the norm knockout method and clarified the norms necessary for the establishment of cooperation. The results of numerical investigations revealed that the majority of norms gradually transitioned to tolerant norms after defectors are eliminated by strict norms. Furthermore, no cooperation emerges when specific norms that are intolerant to defectors are knocked out.
Multiunit Activity-Based Real-Time Limb-State Estimation from Dorsal Root Ganglion Recordings
Authors: Han Sungmin , Chu Jun-Uk , Kim Hyungmin , Park Jong Woong , Youn Inchan
Published: March 2017

Proprioceptive afferent activities could be useful for providing sensory feedback signals for closed-loop control during functional electrical stimulation (FES). However, most previous studies have used the single-unit activity of individual neurons to extract sensory information from proprioceptive afferents. This study proposes a new decoding method to estimate ankle and knee joint angles using multiunit activity data. Proprioceptive afferent signals were recorded from a dorsal root ganglion with a single-shank microelectrode during passive movements of the ankle and knee joints, and joint angles were measured as kinematic data. The mean absolute value (MAV) was extracted from the multiunit activity data, and a dynamically driven recurrent neural network (DDRNN) was used to estimate ankle and knee joint angles. The multiunit activity-based MAV feature was sufficiently informative to estimate limb states, and the DDRNN showed a better decoding performance than conventional linear estimators. In addition, processing time delay satisfied real-time constraints. These results demonstrated that the proposed method could be applicable for providing real-time sensory feedback signals in closed-loop FES systems.
Calcium isotope fractionation between aqueous compounds relevant to low-temperature geochemistry, biology and medicine
Authors: Moynier Frédéric , Fujii Toshiyuki
Published: March 2017

Stable Ca isotopes are fractionated between bones, urine and blood of animals and between soils, roots and leaves of plants by >1000 ppm for the 44Ca/40Ca ratio. These isotopic variations have important implications to understand Ca transport and fluxes in living organisms; however, the mechanisms of isotopic fractionation are unclear. Here we present ab initio calculations for the isotopic fractionation between various aqueous species of Ca and show that this fractionation can be up to 3000 ppm. We show that the Ca isotopic fractionation between soil solutions and plant roots can be explained by the difference of isotopic fractionation between the different first shell hydration degree of Ca2+ and that the isotopic fractionation between roots and leaves is controlled by the precipitation of Ca-oxalates. The isotopic fractionation between blood and urine is due to the complexation of heavy Ca with citrate and oxalates in urine. Calculations are presented for additional Ca species that may be useful to interpret future Ca isotopic measurements.
The Contrast Enhancement of Intracranial Arterial Wall on High-resolution MRI and Its Clinical Relevance in Patients with Moyamoya Vasculopathy
Authors: Wang Maoxue , Yang Yongbo , Zhou Fei , Li Ming , Liu Renyuan , Guan Maobin , Li Rui , He Le , Xu Yun , Zhang Bing , Zhu Bin , Zhao Xihai
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of intracranial vessel wall enhancement and its relationship with ischemic infarction in patients with Moyamoya vasculopathy (MMV). Forty-seven patients with MMV confirmed by angiography were enrolled in this study. The vessel wall enhancement of the distal internal carotid artery, anterior cerebral artery and middle cerebral artery was classified into eccentric and concentric patterns, as well as divided into three grades: grade 0, grade 1 and grade 2. The relationship between ischemic infarction and vessel wall enhancement was also determined. Fifty-six enhanced lesions were found in patients with (n = 25) and without acute infarction (n = 22). The incidence of lesions with grade 2 enhancement in patients with acute infarction was greater than that in those without acute infarction (p = 0.011). In addition, grade 2 enhancement of the intracranial vessel wall was significantly associated with acute ischemic infarction (Odds ratio, 26.7; 95% confidence interval: 2.8–258.2; p = 0.005). Higher-grade enhancement of the intracranial vessel wall is independently associated with acute ischemic infarction in patients with MMV. The characteristics of intracranial vessel wall enhancement may serve as a marker of its stability and provide important insight into ischemic stroke risk factors.
Impedance spectroscopy for monosaccharides detection using responsive hydrogel modified paper-based electrodes
Authors: Daikuzono C. M. , Delaney C. , Tesfay H. , Florea L. , Oliveira O. N. , Morrin A. , Diamond D.
Published: March 2017

Novel paper-based impedance sensor for saccharide sensing in the sub-mM range.
Rational designed strategy to dispel mutual interference of mercuric and ferric ions towards robust, pH-stable fluorescent carbon nanodots
Authors: Liu Yang , Liu Yanan , Lee Jinpyo , Lee Joong Hee , Park Mira , Kim Hak Yong
Published: March 2017

C-dots based stable and recoverable sensing platform with switchable selectivity for Hg2+ and Fe3+ was rationally designed.
Modulation of the mechanical properties of bacterial biofilms in response to environmental challenges
Authors: Tallawi Marwa , Opitz Madeleine , Lieleg Oliver
Published: March 2017

In this review, we highlight recent research on the relationship between biofilm matrix composition, biofilm mechanics and environmental stimuli.
Efficient conversion of alkenes to chlorohydrins by a Ru-based artificial enzyme
Authors: Lopez Sarah , Rondot Laurianne , Cavazza Christine , Iannello Marina , Boeri-Erba Elisabetta , Burzlaff Nicolai , Strinitz Frank , Jorge-Robin Adeline , Marchi-Delapierre Caroline , Ménage Stéphane
Published: March 2017

Activation of a ruthenium complex by its insertion into a protein scaffold leads to an efficient non natural transformation of alkenes into α-hydroxy-β-chloro chlorohydrins.
Electronic non-adiabatic dynamics in enhanced ionization of isotopologues of hydrogen molecular ions from the exact factorization perspective
Authors: Khosravi Elham , Abedi Ali , Rubio Angel , Maitra Neepa T.
Published: March 2017

An exact-factorization perspective of enhanced ionization in isotopologues of H2+ demonstrates the concept of the exact potential driving the electrons in non-adiabatic motion of molecules in strong fields, and sets a new platform for introducing various approximations.
Cyclopeptide scaffolds in carbohydrate-based synthetic vaccines
Authors: Pifferi Carlo , Berthet Nathalie , Renaudet Olivier
Published: March 2017

Cyclopeptides have been recently used successfully as carriers for the multivalent presentation of carbohydrate and peptide antigens in immunotherapy.
Room-temperature synthesis of core–shell structured magnetic covalent organic frameworks for efficient enrichment of peptides and simultaneous exclusion of proteins
Authors: Lin Guo , Gao Chaohong , Zheng Qiong , Lei Zhixian , Geng Huijuan , Lin Zian , Yang Huanghao , Cai Zongwei
Published: March 2017

Core–shell structured Fe3O4@COFs were synthesized and used as a new absorbent for efficient enrichment of peptides and simultaneous exclusion of proteins.
Oxidase-mimicking activity of the nitrogen-doped Fe3C@C composites
Authors: Yang Hankun , Xiao Jingyu , Su Lei , Feng Ting , Lv Qingye , Zhang Xueji
Published: March 2017

The nitrogen-doped Fe3C@C composites could behave as oxidase-mimics to catalyze the reaction between TMB and molecular oxygen to produce quinonediimine and H2O.
Efficient energy transfer between coronene-modified permethyl-β-cyclodextrins and porphyrin for light induced DNA cleavage
Authors: Yu Jie , Zhang Ying-Ming , Li Pei-Yu , Liu Yu
Published: March 2017

A novel supramolecular assembly was constructed by the noncovalent complexation of hexa-cata-hexabenzocoronene modified permethyl-β-cyclodextrins with tetrasodium tetraphenylporphyrintetrasulfonate in water, exhibiting highly efficient excited energy transfer behaviors and a promising DNA photocleavage ability.
SF5-Pyridylaryl-λ3-iodonium salts and their utility as electrophilic reagents to access SF5-pyridine derivatives in the late-stage of synthesis
Authors: Das Prajwalita , Takada Masahiro , Matsuzaki Kohei , Saito Norimichi , Shibata Norio
Published: March 2017

Electrophilic SF5-pyridylation of C, N, O and S-nucleophiles using diaryliodonium reagents is disclosed.
Tailoring the structure and thermoelectric properties of BaTiO3via Eu2+ substitution
Authors: Xiao Xingxing , Widenmeyer Marc , Xie Wenjie , Zou Tianhua , Yoon Songhak , Scavini Marco , Checchia Stefano , Zhong Zhicheng , Hansmann Philipp , Kilper Stefan , Kovalevsky Andrei , Weidenkaff Anke
Published: March 2017

The presence of filled Eu2+ 4f states at the top of the valence band significantly affect the electrical transport properties of Ba1−xEuxTiO3−δ compounds.
Prospects for 207Pb solid-state NMR studies of lead tetrel bonds
Authors: Southern Scott A. , Errulat Dylan , Frost Jamie M. , Gabidullin Bulat , Bryce David L.
Published: March 2017

The feasibility and value of 207Pb solid-state NMR experiments on compounds featuring lead tetrel bonds is explored. Although the definition remains to be formalized, lead tetrel bonds may be qualitatively described as existing when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between an electrophilic region associated with lead in a molecular entity and a nucleophilic region in another, or the same, molecular entity. Unambiguous identification of lead tetrel bonds can be challenging due to the hypervalent tendency of lead. We report here a series of 207Pb solid-state NMR experiments on five metal–organic frameworks featuring lead coordinated to hydrazone-based ligands. Such frameworks may be held together in part by lead tetrel bonds. The acquisition of 207Pb solid-state NMR spectra for such materials is feasible and is readily accomplished using a combination of magic-angle spinning and Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill methods in moderate to low applied magnetic fields. The lead centres are characterized by 207Pb isotropic chemical shifts ranging from −426 to −2591 ppm and chemical shift tensor spans ranging from 910 to 2681 ppm. Careful inspection of the structures of the compounds and the literature 207Pb NMR data may suggest that a tetrel bond to lead results in chemical shift parameters which are intermediate between those which are characteristic of holodirected and hemidirected lead coordination geometries. Challenges associated with DFT computations of the 207Pb NMR parameters are discussed. In summary, the 207Pb data for the compounds studied herein show a marked response to the presence of non-coordinating electron-rich moieties in close contact with the electrophilic surface of formally hemidirectionally coordinated lead compounds.
Synthetic glycoconjugates characterize the fine specificity of Brucella A and M monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Mandal Satadru Sekhar , Ganesh N. Vijaya , Sadowska Joanna M. , Bundle David R.
Published: March 2017

Synthetic oligosaccharide glycoconjugates representing A and M epitopes ofBrucellabacteria define the fine specificity of five monoclonal antibodies.
Enabling the metal fuel economy: green recycling of metal fuels
Authors: Julien Philippe , Bergthorson Jeffrey M.
Published: March 2017

This paper discusses a set of constraints for the selection of metal fuel candidates, along with green recycling techniques.
A europium ion doped WO3 film with the bi-functionality of enhanced electrochromic switching and tunable red emission
Authors: Luo Gui , Shen Luying , Zheng Jianming , Xu Chunye
Published: March 2017

We first doped europium ions into WO3 using a hydrothermal method to achieve the bi-functionality of electrochromic switching and tunable red emission.
Human echolocation: waveform analysis of tongue clicks
Authors: Zhang Xinyu , Reich G.M. , Antoniou Michael , Cherniakov Mikhail , Baker Chris J. , Thaler Lore , Kish Daniel , Smith Graeme E.
Published: March 2017

Some blind individuals have the ability to detect and classify objects in complex scenes by using echolocation based on ‘tongue clicks’. A waveform analysis of the tongue clicks collected from three blind individuals is presented who use tongue‐click based echolocation on a daily basis. It is found that the tongue clicks are wideband signals and that that the spectrum of clicks varies within and between individuals. However, by using the wideband ambiguity function, it is found that all of the clicks from three different individuals share some common characteristics.
Experimental results to reduce sidelobes in random noise and linear frequency modulated signals
Authors: Shareef E. , Dawood M. , Boehm J.
Published: March 2017

A block filtering method to reduce sidelobes in random noise and linear frequency modulated signals is investigated. Brief theoretical methodology for this method is reviewed. Simulation and experimental results are discussed.
Research on joint segment optimisation and stereo matching
Authors: Liu Jianguo , Yu Li , Li Xuesong , Liu Shengheng
Published: March 2017

Image segments are often used as a constraint in stereo matching. However, both over‐segmentation and under‐segmentation can lead to disparity degradation in some regions. To obtain an accurate disparity map, a modified semi‐global matching (SGM) algorithm is proposed which is based on adaptive window models. Introducing the object notion and build a new global energy function to optimise segments and estimate a disparity map jointly. The effective and efficient block coordinate descent approach is used to optimise the global energy function by merging small segments. The authors’ demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm on the KITTI and Middlebury benchmarks. The results show that the authors’ algorithm outperforms many state‐of‐the‐art methods and confirm the effectiveness of approach.
Multiple harmonic elimination‐based feedback controller for Shunt Hybrid Active Power Filter
Authors: Tan Adnan , Bayındır Kamil Çağatay , Cuma Mehmet Uğraş , Tümay Mehmet
Published: March 2017

This study presents a multiple harmonic elimination‐based feedback controller for shunt hybrid active power filter (SHAPF) to perform an effective harmonic compensation performance in a wide harmonic frequency band. The conventional control methods presented for SHAPF cannot perform an adequate performance, because of the disturbances such as phase delays caused by controller methods and measurement circuitries, tolerances of passive filter components and supply voltage harmonics. In the proposed controller, the conventional feedback controller is improved by using supply side individual current harmonics which are extracted by the synchronous reference frame method. To prevent the performance degradation effects of disturbances, proportional–integral controllers are applied to each d and q components of individual current harmonics. The compensation performance of the proposed method is compared with conventional methods both theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results verify the advanced harmonic compensation performance of the proposed control method.
Preparation of a nanosilica cross‐linker and investigation of its effect on properties of guar gum fracturing fluid
Authors: Zhang Zifeng , Liu Peisong , Pan Hao , Zhao Mengyun , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Zhijun
Published: March 2017

The development of hydraulic fracturing has created a huge demand for fracturing fluids with high performance and low formation damage in recent years. A nanosilica cross‐linker precursor (NCP) was prepared by introducing boric acid to the surface of organic silica compound (C9H23NO3Si, a silane coupling agent), the carrier. As‐obtained NCP was transformed into nanoparticles (NPs) with a diameter of 10–35 nm by self‐aggregation. The resultant NPs were used to crosslink low concentration of guar gum solution in order to improve the rheological and breaking properties of the fracturing fluid made of the NPs‐cross‐linked guar gum gels. Findings indicate that boric acid chemically reacts with the amino group of the silane coupling agent forming N–B bond via infrared analysis. The viscosity of NPs‐cross‐linked guar gum gels increases with the increase of particle size of NPs, which means that the particle size of NPs has a significant effect on the cross‐linking efficacy, the guar gum gels cross‐linked by a proper mass fractions of NPs exhibits good temperature resistance and shear resistance via rheometer. Moreover, the NPs‐cross‐linked guar gum gels possesses better breaking behaviour than the one cross‐linked by borate.
Synthesis of a Ubiquitinated Histone Mimic Bearing a New Thioether Linkage
Authors: Li Jiabin , Hu Honggang , He Qiaoqiao , Qi Yunkun , Liu Chao
Published: March 2017

Current studies on histone ubiquitination require the development of more effective approaches for the preparation of ubiquitinated histones. Here, we report a new approach to obtain ubiquitinated histone mimics by using a thioether linkage. The synthetic ubiquitinated histone mimic is stable under reducing conditions and has the same atom number as the native structure. Biochemical experiments showed that the mimic is a good surrogate for natural ubiquitinated histone.
Management of Thrombotic Antiphospholipid Syndrome
Authors: Chighizola Cecilia , Raimondo Maria , Meroni Pier
Published: March 2017

Persistent serum positivity for antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) is required to diagnose antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), an autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent vascular thrombosis and/or pregnancy morbidity. The current therapeutic management of patients with thrombotic APS aims at preventing recurrences and long-term complications by attenuating the procoagulant state. There is overall consensus to reserve moderate-intensity anticoagulation to aPL-positive patients with a previous venous thrombosis; the therapeutic options for those with a history of arterial event comprise antiplatelet agents and high-intensity anticoagulation. Unfortunately, thrombotic occurrences might occur despite adequate anticoagulation, carrying a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. The management of refractory thrombotic APS and catastrophic APS is still not clear, warranting the issue of recommendations. Vitamin-K antagonists are limited by significant side effects, and a careful weighting of risks and benefits should be performed to reserve the optimal treatment to each patient. To overcome these limitations, novel oral anticoagulants have been introduced in the market, but their efficacy in thrombotic APS has still to be unraveled. The poor safety profile and the scarce efficacy of drugs acting on the coagulation cascade explain why novel therapeutic approaches are currently under investigation, to identify pharmacological tools specifically counteracting aPL-mediated prothrombotic effects.
Akutes Nierenversagen bei Urachuszyste?
Authors: Klaassen I. , Wolf M. , Kemper M. , Riechardt S. , Boettcher M. , Herrmann J. , Singer D.
Published: March 2017

Eine 34-jährige 5. Para wurde unserem Zentrum in SSW 36 bei schwerer fetaler Fehlbildung mit Anhydramnion zugewiesen. Die kardiopulmonale Adaptation nach Sectio in SSW 36+1 bei Placentainsuffizienz gestaltete sich weitgehend komplikationslos, jedoch präsentierte das Neugeborene neben äußeren Stigmata einer Trisomie 21 ein akutes Nierenversagen mit Anurie. Postnatal waren jedoch beide Nieren sonografisch ohne Hinweise auf Anlagestörung nachweisbar, sie zeigten sich aber etwas vergrößert und perfusionsgestört. Zudem konnte eine intraabdominell gelegene, kokardenförmige Struktur dargestellt, aber keinem Organsystem zugeordnet werden. Auch weiterführende diagnostische Maßnahmen wie Miktionscysturethrophie und Kolonkontrastdarstellung waren nicht wegweisend. Eine explorative Laparatomie erbrachte die Diagnose einer Urachuszyste mit mechanischer Verlegung der Ureteren und konsekutivem Nierenversagen. Nach erfolgter operativer Entfernung der Zyste mit Rekonstruktion des Blasendaches wurde in der Miktionscysturethrografie als Überraschungsbefund das Vorliegen einer posterioren Urethralkappe diagnostiziert. Diese wurde im Alter von 6 Monaten komplikationslos entfernt. Auch retrospektiv läßt sich in diesem Fall nicht eindeutig klären, welche der vorliegenden Fehlbildungen vorrangig für das akute Nierenversagen verantwortlich gemacht werden kann. Möglicherweise war in diesem Fall die raumfordende Wirkung der Urachuszyste führend ursächlich, zumal die bei Urethralklappe typischerweise assoziierte Megazystis nicht darstellbar war. Alternativ könnten die klassischen Befunde einer Urethralklappe durch die proximale zusätzliche Stenose auch lediglich maskiert gewesen sein.
Alternative journalism education in Turkey: a case study of the ‘From School to Newsroom’ (OHO) program
Authors: Sen Ayse Fulya
Published: March 2017

Alternative media challenges the practices of established mainstream journalism and institutionalised politics. Alternative media presents a radical challenge to the institutionalised and professionalised mainstream media and provides a perspective that is dedicated to notions of social responsibility by replacing the ideology of objectivity with overt advocacy and oppositional practices. As an alternative media platform, the BIA (The Independent Communication Network), is a project that attempts to strengthen the “independent media”, which aims to carry the entire communication process beyond daily news production. Under the program “Okuldan Haber Odasına (OHO)” (From Classroom to Newsroom) arranged by the BIA, academics and professional journalists deliver lectures to journalism students. During this education process, students have the opportunity to observe various media and rights organizations. This study aims to draw attention to the necessity of a critical perspective in journalism education and to discuss how alternative journalism can transform the existing practices, values and ideologies and to illustrate the importance of alternative media in the societies surrounded by capitalist social and economic values. In addition, this article contributes to journalism studies with a discussion of the importance of critical thought in constructing democratic and pluralist perspective in the news media through an education model.
Quartic scaling MP2 for solids: A highly parallelized algorithm in the plane wave basis
Authors: Schäfer Tobias , Ramberger Benjamin , Kresse Georg
Published: March 2017

We present a low-complexity algorithm to calculate the correlation energy of periodic systems in second-order Møller-Plesset (MP2) perturbation theory. In contrast to previous approximation-free MP2 codes, our implementation possesses a quartic scaling, O(N4), with respect to the system size N and offers an almost ideal parallelization efficiency. The general issue that the correlation energy converges slowly with the number of basis functions is eased by an internal basis set extrapolation. The key concept to reduce the scaling is to eliminate all summations over virtual orbitals which can be elegantly achieved in the Laplace transformed MP2 formulation using plane wave basis sets and fast Fourier transforms. Analogously, this approach could allow us to calculate second order screened exchange as well as particle-hole ladder diagrams with a similar low complexity. Hence, the presented method can be considered as a step towards systematically improved correlation energies.
Flexible vanadium oxide film for broadband transparent photodetector
Authors: Kim Hong-Sik , Chauhan Khushbu R. , Kim Joondong , Choi Eun Ha
Published: March 2017

A High-performing transparent and flexible photodetector was achieved by reactive sputtering method. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) thin films were deposited on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates at room temperature. The transparent and flexible photodetectors with the configurations V2O5/ZnO/ITO/PET showed high-performing photoresponse with a quick response time (4.9 ms) and high detectivity of 1.45 × 1012 Jones, under a light intensity of 1 mW/m2. We demonstrated high-performing V2O5 film-based transparent and flexible broadband photodetectors which may provide a promising approach for transparent electronic applications.
Experimental setup for the laboratory investigation of micrometeoroid ablation using a dust accelerator
Authors: Thomas Evan , Simolka Jonas , DeLuca Michael , Horányi Mihály , Janches Diego , Marshall Robert A. , Munsat Tobin , Plane John M. C. , Sternovsky Zoltan
Published: March 2017

A facility has been developed to simulate the ablation of micrometeoroids in laboratory conditions. An electrostatic dust accelerator is used to generate iron particles with velocities of 10-70 km/s. The particles are then introduced into a chamber pressurized with a target gas, where the pressure is adjustable between 0.01 and 0.5 Torr, and the particle partially or completely ablates over a short distance. An array of biased electrodes above and below the ablation path is used to collect the generated ions/electrons with a spatial resolution of 2.6 cm along the ablating particles’ path, thus allowing the study of the spatiotemporal evolution of the process. For completely ablated particles, the total collected charge directly yields the ionization coefficient of a given dust material-target gas combination. The first results of this facility measured the ionization coefficient of iron atoms with N2, air, CO2, and He target gases for impact velocities >20 km/s, and are reported by Thomas et al. [Geophys. Res. Lett. 43, 3645 (2016)]. The ablation chamber is also equipped with four optical ports that allow for the detection of the light emitted by the ablating particle. A multichannel photomultiplier tube system is used to observe the ablation process with a spatial and temporal resolution of 0.64 cm and 90 ns. The preliminary results indicate that it is possible to calculate the velocity of the ablating particle from the optical observations, and in conjunction with the spatially resolved charge measurements allow for experimental validation of ablation models in future studies.
All metalorganic chemical vapor phase epitaxy of p/n-GaN tunnel junction for blue light emitting diode applications
Authors: Neugebauer S. , Hoffmann M. P. , Witte H. , Bläsing J. , Dadgar A. , Strittmatter A. , Niermann T. , Narodovitch M. , Lehmann M.
Published: March 2017

We report on III-Nitride blue light emitting diodes (LEDs) comprising a GaN-based tunnel junction (TJ) all realized by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy in a single growth process. The TJ grown atop the LED structures consists of a Mg-doped GaN layer and subsequently grown highly Ge-doped GaN. Long thermal annealing of 60 min at 800 °C is important to reduce the series resistance of the LEDs due to blockage of acceptor-passivating hydrogen diffusion through the n-type doped top layer. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy measurements reveal Mg-incorporation into the topmost GaN:Ge layer, implying a non-abrupt p-n tunnel junction and increased depletion width. Still, significantly improved lateral current spreading as compared to conventional semi-transparent Ni/Au p-contact metallization and consequently a more homogeneous electroluminescence distribution across 1 × 1 mm2 LED structures is achieved. Direct estimation of the depletion width is obtained from electron holography experiments, which allows for a discussion of the possible tunneling mechanism.
Bi-convex aspheric optical lenses
Authors: Roy Abhijit Chandra , Yadav Mridul , Khanna Anubhav , Ghatak Animangsu
Published: March 2017

Aspheric optical lenses are important for a variety of optical applications but are difficult to fabricate in conventional top-down processes. Here, we have presented a bottom-up approach involving controlled spreading of a thermally crosslinkable polymeric liquid dispensed on specially prepared substrates for making aspheric bi-convex lenses. In particular, the substrate is a solid film with a tiny hole drilled on it through which the liquid can flow in and out from the top to the bottom side of the substrate. In addition, the two surfaces of the substrate are made to have similar or different wettabilities so that the combined effect of gravity and surface wettability determines the distribution of the liquid between its two sides. The substrate is maintained at an elevated temperature, so that the liquid spreads on its surfaces but only to a limited extent because of rapid crosslinking at the vicinity of the moving front. This process leads to bi-convex, hyperboloids and prolate spheroids, which yield aberration free images with optical resolution that far exceeds that generated by conventional microscope objectives.
Phonon thermal properties of graphene on h-BN from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Zou Ji-Hang , Cao Bing-Yang
Published: March 2017

Phonon thermal properties of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride are investigated by the molecular dynamics simulations combined with lattice dynamics theory. It is found that the dispersion curves have minor changes for supported graphene because the interlayer coupling is too weak to shift the harmonic phonon properties. The ZA and ZO phonon lifetimes are significantly reduced in supported graphene due to the breakdown of the symmetry-based selection rule. The dominant mean free path (MFP) of graphene is reduced from 90–800 nm to 60–500 nm at 300 K. The mode thermal conductivities of free and supported graphene are 3517 W/ (m·K) and 2200 W/ (m·K) at 300 K, respectively. The thermal conductivity of supported graphene decreases by about 37.4% due to the large reduction of flexural phonon lifetimes, and the relative contribution of flexural modes decreases from 35.0% to 16.7%.
A prism based magnifying hyperlens with broad-band imaging
Authors: Habib Md. Samiul , Stefani Alessio , Atakaramians Shaghik , Fleming Simon C. , Argyros Alexander , Kuhlmey Boris T.
Published: March 2017

Magnification in metamaterial hyperlenses has been demonstrated using curved geometries or tapered devices, at frequencies ranging from the microwave to the ultraviolet spectrum. One of the main issues of such hyperlenses is the difficulty in manufacturing. In this letter, we numerically and experimentally study a wire medium prism as an imaging device at THz frequencies. We characterize the transmission of the image of two sub-wavelength apertures, observing that our device is capable of resolving the apertures and producing a two-fold magnified image at the output. The hyperlens shows strong frequency dependent artefacts, a priori limiting the use of the device for broad-band imaging. We identify the main source of image aberration as the reflections supported by the wire medium and also show that even the weaker reflections severely affect the imaging quality. In order to correct for the reflections, we devise a filtering technique equivalent to spatially variable time gating so that ultra-broad band imaging is achieved.
Analytical investigations on the thermal properties of microscale inorganic light-emitting diodes on an orthotropic substrate
Authors: Li Y. , Chen J. , Xing Y. , Song J.
Published: March 2017

The microscale inorganic light-emitting diodes (μ-ILEDs) create novel opportunities in biointegrated applications such as wound healing acceleration and optogenetics. Analytical expressions, validated by finite element analysis, are obtained for the temperature increase of a rectangular μ-ILED device on an orthotropic substrate, which could offer an appealing advantage in controlling the heat flow direction to achieve the goal in thermal management. The influences of various parameters (e.g., thermal conductivities of orthotropic substrate, loading parameters) on the temperature increase of the μ-ILED are investigated based on the obtained closed-form solutions. These results provide a novel route to control the temperature distribution in the μ-ILED system and provide easily interpretable guidelines to minimize the adverse thermal effects.
Atoms and molecules in cavities, from weak to strong coupling in quantum-electrodynamics (QED) chemistry
Authors: Flick Johannes , Ruggenthaler Michael , Appel Heiko , Rubio Angel
Published: March 2017

Significance

Traditionally, quantum chemistry investigates molecular systems assuming that the photon field, which leads to the interaction of charged particles, is well approximated by the Coulomb interaction. On the other hand, quantum optics describe the photon field in detail while approximating the matter systems via few levels. Recent experiments at the interface between these two areas of research have uncovered situations where both the molecular system and the photon field have to be treated in detail. In this work, we show how theoretical approaches have to be adapted to treat such coupled matter–photon problems and which effects can be anticipated. Our quantum electrodynamics density-functional formalism provides the theoretical framework to open a field of research able to deal with emergent properties of matter.
Simplified and representative bacterial community of maize roots
Authors: Niu Ben , Paulson Joseph Nathaniel , Zheng Xiaoqi , Kolter Roberto
Published: March 2017

Significance

Many species of microbes colonize plants as members of complex communities. The high complexity of such plant microbial communities poses great difficulty for any experimental analyses aimed at understanding the principles underlying such microbe–plant interactions. In this work, we assembled a greatly simplified, yet representative, synthetic bacterial model community that allowed us to study the community assembly dynamics and function on axenic maize seedlings. This model community interfered with the growth of a plant pathogenic fungus, thus protecting the plant. This model system will prove to be a useful system for future research on plant–microbe interactions.
BAP1 inhibits the ER stress gene regulatory network and modulates metabolic stress response
Authors: Dai Fangyan , Lee Hyemin , Zhang Yilei , Zhuang Li , Yao Hui , Xi Yuanxin , Xiao Zhen-Dong , You M. James , Li Wei , Su Xiaoping , Gan Boyi
Published: March 2017

Significance

BRCA1 associated protein 1 (BAP1) is a tumor suppressor and its inactivating mutations frequently occur in a subset of human cancers. This study reveals an unexpected finding that loss of BAP1 compromises the cellular adaptability to metabolic stress, and links BAP1 to unfolded protein response to regulate cell survival under metabolic stress. We also report the first line of in vivo evidence that
Bap1
KO mice experienced unresolved endoplasmic reticulum stress in the kidney. Our study not only provides mechanical insights for BAP1 functions in cell survival upon metabolic stress through endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling, but also may provide a conceptual framework for further understanding BAP1 function in cancer.
Effects of ultrasonic impact treatment on weld microstructure, hardness, and residual stress
Authors: Liu Chuan , Chen Dongjun , Hill Michael R. , Tran Minh N. , Zou Jiasheng
Published: March 2017

Layered ultrasonic impact treatment (LUIT) was used on V-groove welds in 55 mm Q345 steel plate. Two welds were prepared, one by conventional gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and the other by GMAW and LUIT, where impact treatment was performed at nine stages during filling of the 28-pass weld. Microstructure, hardness, and residual stress in the welds were compared. While residual stress is very similar, there are significant differences in microstructure and hardness. The LUIT weld has mainly equiaxed grains and uniform hardness, while the conventional weld has columnar grains and a hardness gradient. It appears that beads in the LUIT weld did not exhibit columnar grain growth, and instead equiaxed grains grew from the fusion boundary into the weld.
TANGO1 assembles into rings around COPII coats at ER exit sites
Authors: Raote Ishier , Ortega Bellido Maria , Pirozzi Marinella , Zhang Chong , Melville David , Parashuraman Seetharaman , Zimmermann Timo , Malhotra Vivek
Published: March 2017

TANGO1 (transport and Golgi organization 1) interacts with CTAGE5 and COPII components Sec23/Sec24 and recruits ERGIC-53 (endoplasmic reticulum [ER]–Golgi intermediate compartment 53)–containing membranes to generate a mega-transport carrier for export of collagens and apolipoproteins from the ER. We now show that TANGO1, at the ER, assembles in a ring that encircles COPII components. The C-terminal, proline-rich domains of TANGO1 molecules in the ring are initially tilted onto COPII coats but appear to be pushed apart as the carrier grows. These findings lend support to our suggestion that growth of transport carriers for exporting bulky cargoes requires addition of membranes and not simply COPII-mediated accretion of a larger surface of ER. TANGO1 remains at the neck of the newly forming transport carrier, which grows in size by addition of ERGIC-53–containing membranes to generate a transport intermediate for the export of bulky collagens.
Tango1 spatially organizes ER exit sites to control ER export
Authors: Liu Min , Feng Zhi , Ke Hongmei , Liu Ying , Sun Tianhui , Dai Jianli , Cui Wenhong , Pastor-Pareja José Carlos
Published: March 2017

Exit of secretory cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) takes place at specialized domains called ER exit sites (ERESs). In mammals, loss of TANGO1 and other MIA/cTAGE (melanoma inhibitory activity/cutaneous T cell lymphoma–associated antigen) family proteins prevents ER exit of large cargoes such as collagen. Here, we show that Drosophila melanogaster Tango1, the only MIA/cTAGE family member in fruit flies, is a critical organizer of the ERES–Golgi interface. Tango1 rings hold COPII (coat protein II) carriers and Golgi in close proximity at their center. Loss of Tango1, present at ERESs in all tissues, reduces ERES size and causes ERES–Golgi uncoupling, which impairs secretion of not only collagen, but also all other cargoes we examined. Further supporting an organizing role of Tango1, its overexpression creates more and larger ERESs. Our results suggest that spatial coordination of ERES, carrier, and Golgi elements through Tango1’s multiple interactions increases secretory capacity in Drosophila and allows secretion of large cargo.
Ficino on Force, Magic, and Prayers: Neoplatonic and Hermetic Influences in Ficino’sThree Books on Life
Authors: Robichaud Denis J.-J.
Published: March 2017

This article analyzes new evidence from the marginalia to Ficino’s Plotinus manuscripts and offers a novel reading of Ficino’s “De Vita” 3. It settles scholarly disagreements concerning Paul O. Kristeller’s manuscript research and Frances Yates’s Hermetic thesis about “De Vita” 3, and reconsiders accepted conclusions regarding the centrality of Hermetic magic in Ficino’s philosophy. It demonstrates the origins and sources for “De Vita” 3 in Ficino’s reading of Plotinus’s explanations of prayer, and also reveals Iamblichus’s overlooked influence on Ficino: on the performative nature of philosophy in “De Vita” 3, and even on Ficino’s acknowledgment of the pseudonymity of the Hermetica.
Why Mountains Matter: Early Modern Roots of a Modern Notion
Authors: Korenjak Martin
Published: March 2017

The emergence of a positive attitude toward mountains is commonly regarded as an eighteenth-century phenomenon. The facts tell otherwise. Unearthing a number of hitherto-unknown sources, this article demonstrates that interest in and enthusiasm for mountains already began to evolve around 1500: from then on, mountains gained in importance in political, religious, and scientific discourses. Travel through mountainous regions increased, and people started to climb mountains. The interplay between theoretical interests and practical engagement led to a new emotional response, or what may be called mountain feeling, that anticipated the attitude of the eighteenth century and of the present.
Bioerosion: the other ocean acidification problem
Authors: Schönberg Christine H. L. , Fang James K. H. , Carreiro-Silva Marina , Tribollet Aline , Wisshak Max
Published: March 2017

Bioerosion of calcium carbonate is the natural counterpart of biogenic calcification. Both are affected by ocean acidification (OA). We summarize definitions and concepts in bioerosion research and knowledge in the context of OA, providing case examples and meta-analyses. Chemically mediated bioerosion relies on energy demanding, biologically controlled undersaturation or acid regulation and increases with simulated OA, as does passive dissolution. Through substrate weakening both processes can indirectly enhance mechanical bioerosion, which is not directly affected by OA. The low attention and expert knowledge on bioerosion produced some ambiguous views and approaches, and limitations to experimental studies restricted opportunities to generalize. Comparability of various bioerosion and calcification rates remains difficult. Physiological responses of bioeroders or interactions of environmental factors are insufficiently studied. We stress the importance to foster and advance high quality bioerosion research as global trends suggest the following: (i) growing environmental change (eutrophication, coral mortality, OA) is expected to elevate bioerosion in the near future; (ii) changes harmful to calcifiers may not be as severe for bioeroders (e.g. warming); and (iii) factors facilitating bioerosion often reduce calcification rates (e.g. OA). The combined result means that the natural process bioerosion has itself become a “stress factor”” for reef health and resilience.
Use of Carbapenems, Polymyxins, and Tigecycline in United States Children’s Hospitals, 2010–2014
Authors: Chiotos Kathleen , Ross Rachael K. , Han Jennifer H. , Miller Matthew , Gerber Jeffrey S.
Published: March 2017

We characterized use of the carbapenems, polymyxins, and tigecycline in United States children’s hospitals between 2010 and 2014. We found substantial variability in use across hospitals and overall decreased use over time. Most polymyxin and tigecycline use occurred in cystic fibrosis patients, and appendectomy was a common indication for carbapenem therapy.
Long-Term Reduction of Sacroiliac Joint Pain With Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Authors: Guentchev Marin , Preuss Christian , Rink Rainer , Peter Levente , Sailer Martin H. M. , Tuettenberg Jochen
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND: We recently demonstrated that 86% of the patients treated with peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) for therapy-refractory sacroiliac joint (SIJ) pain were satisfied with the result after 1 year of treatment.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term (up to 4 years) response rate of this novel treatment.

METHODS: Sixteen consecutive patients with therapy-refractory SIJ pain were treated with PNS and followed for 4 years in 3 patients, 3 years in 6 patients, and 2 years in 1 patient. Quality of life, pain, and patient satisfaction were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index 2.0, Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and International Patient Satisfaction Index.

RESULTS: Patients reported a pain reduction from 8.8 to 1.6 (VAS) at 1 year (P < .001), and 13 of 14 patients (92.9%) rated the therapy as effective (International Patient Satisfaction Index score ≤ 2). At 2 years, average pain score was 1.9 (P < .001), and 9 of 10 patients (90.0%) considered the treatment a success. At 3 years, 8 of 9 patients (88.9%) were satisfied with the treatment results, reporting an average VAS of 2.0 (P < .005). At 4 years, 2 of 3 patients were satisfied with the treatment results.

CONCLUSION: We have shown for the first time that PNS is a successful long-term therapy for SIJ pain.