bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO INSTITUCIONAL PARTICIPATIVA E A BUSCA DA QUALIDADE DA ESCOLA: LIMITES E POTENCIALIDADES DA PARTICIPAÇÃO ESTUDANTIL
Authors: Ferraz Pereira Maria Simone , Lemes De Sordi Mara Regina
Published: December 2020

Este artigo analisa limites e possibilidades de participação dos estudantes no processo de pactuação da qualidade da escola pública favorecidas por políticas democráticas, como é o caso da Avaliação Institucional participativa – AIP, implementada nas escolas de ensino fundamental da Rede Municipal de Educação de Campinas/SP. A pesquisa foi realizada em três escolas escolhidas a partir de um estudo exploratório de eventos organizados pela política de AIP, viabilizadores da participação dos estudantes no processo de reflexão da qualidade da escola. Os dados indicam que as escolas têm se organizado para garantir o princípio da participação dos estudantes na Comissão Própria de Avaliação - CPA, mas evidenciamos que ainda existem aspectos que precisam ser compreendidos, a fim de possibilitar uma participação para além de espaços como a CPA, e assim promover uma formação que contribua de fato para que os estudantes se envolvam com a vida da escola.
Tissue Expression of ETS-Related Gene in Gastric Carcinomas
Authors: Sayhan Sevil , Diniz Gülden , Bingöl İsmail Eren , Solakoğlu Kahraman Dudu , Çalık Bülent
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: The ETS-related gene (ERG) encodes a member of the erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) transcription factor family that has been implicated in both tumor invasion and neovascularization. In this retrospective study, we have aimed to investigate the clinical significance of ERG tissue expressions in gastric cancer. METHODS: We examined the expression of ERG protein by immunohistochemical staining in tissue specimens harvested from 172 primary gastric cancer cases. RESULTS: ERG was expressed in normal vascular endothelium. ERG staining was defined as positive in 9.9 % (17 /172) of gastric cancer cases. According to clinicopathological characteristics, statistically significant differences were not observed between ERG expression and tumor invasion, lymph node and distant metastases, increased tumor stage, histological lymphatic and neural invasion. There were no significant differences in age, gender, or histopathological grading as for ERG expression. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: ERT expression in gastric cancers is not correlated with histological prognostic indicators.
Evaluation Of Anxiety, Depression and Stress Levels On Intensive Care Medical Personnel For Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Sarı Ahmet , Sertçelik Sencan , Efendioğlu Mustafa , Kaymakçı Aytekin , Ekinci Osman
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to early determine the changes of anxiety-depression-stress levels in ICU personnel working on COVID-19 patients, to set precautions so that they can feel secure and mentally relaxed during their work. METHODS: 1 month after starting to admit COVID-19 patients into our ICU, we planned a survey to determine abovementioned changes in healthcare personnel, using standard scales (perceived stress level, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck's Depression Inventory).Survey forms were filled in by 102 people in our ICU. RESULTS: The rates of depression [58.8% (n=60)], anxiety [67.6 % (n=69)] and average perceived stress scale score (29.92±6.86) were determined. Men’s perceived stress scale scores were statistically significantly lower than women’s. Compared to other groups, among the people who previously received psychiatric support, depression rate was higher in 5 of 6 patients (83.3%) and anxiety in 6 of 6 (100 %) patients. The rate of Beck Anxiety Inventory scores in men (51.4 %) were statistically significantly lower than in women (76.1 %). Similarly, prevalence of anxiety was at higher level (76.2 %) in healthcare personnel with children. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These outbreaks can re-occur in future and create more challenging cases. Therefore, countries should prepare their health systems, especially healthcare professionals, against sudden work overloads to prevent serious psychological problems in these professionals and in society. Healthcare personnel should receive support against mental problems and undergo periodical training to prevent further trauma and impact in future cases. Furthermore, in epidemic settings, preventive diagnosis and treatment studies should be carried out to tackle psychological problems commonly encountered in female healthcare personnel.
Anesthetic Management in Anterior Mediastinal Pheochromocytoma Case
Authors: Özgür Yücel
Published: December 2020

Paraganglioma can be found in different parts of the body. In this case report, a rare case of anterior mediastinal paraganlioma was examined. Pheochromocytoma can pose problems in intraoperative anesthesia management. A 17-year-old male patient with an anterior mediastinal mass was first scheduled for thoracoscopic tumor resection, and then proceeded with open thoracotomy. The patient, who was diagnosed with preoperative pheochromocytoma, had a history of dual antihypertensive drug use. The patient, who showed an intraoperative labile course, had episodes of hypertension (270/140 mmHg) and tachycardia (200 bpm). Esmolol and nitroglycerin infusion was applied and intervened. Diagnosis of paraganglioma-related pheochromocytoma can be challenging. Risks can be minimized by making appropriate decisions and interventions before and during the operation.
Evaluation of Analgesic Effectiveness of Continuous Erector Spina Plane Block in Patients Undergoing Thoracotomy
Authors: Geyik Fatih Doğu , Şimşek Tahsin , Erkal Kutlu Hakan , Yüce Yücel , Özer Kadir Burak , Saraçoğlu Kemal Tolga
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is performed by injection of local anesthetic deep into the erector spinae muscle. It is a relatively simple and safe technique for pain management. It has been started to be widely used in pain relief. This randomized, controlled study aimed to report continue comparing the effectiveness of ESPB and intercostal block applications in thoracic surgery. METHODS: Forty patients who were scheduled to undergo elective thoracotomy and Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) were included in the study. Patients in first group underwent erector spinae plane block. In the second group intercostal block(ICB) was applied. Static, and dynamic Pain scores in the ESPB group were lower than the ICB group in the early postoperative period. In the postoperative period, the time to the first analgesic requirement was longer in the ESPB group. RESULTS: The difference between the groups in terms of time to the first analgesia requirement was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). There was no difference in the number of doses of tramadol hydrochloride and dexketoprofen used. It was found that the static VAS value was higher in the ICB group in all time periods except the second hour and this difference was statistically significant. It was determined that dynamic VAS values; in all time periods, were higher in the ICB group than the ESPB group. Dynamic VAS values were found to be statistically significantly higher in the ICB group from the 3rd up to the 24th hour. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: ESPB performed in thoracic surgery is very effective for postoperative analgesia plan. Few complications were also noted.
Functional constipation frequency and prominent etiological factors in a primary school in Diyarbakır
Authors: Asena Muhammet , Öztaş Tülin
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: Functional constipation is a frequently seen gastrointestinal problem in childhood. Rome IV criteria have been proposed in recent years for the diagnosis of functional constipation. The objective of this study is to evaluate frequency of functional constipation in primary school children using the Rome IV criteria and to evaluate the factors associated with functional constipation. METHODS: A primary school was chosen in the center of Diyarbakır Province was chosen between January 2019 and February 2019 for a prospective cross-sectional epidemiological study. A total of 535 cases aged 6-10 years were included in the study. Data collection forms consisting of three parts were distributed to 1.000 students. In the first part, age, gender, height, weight, maternal education level, family economic level were evaluated. In the second part, the habit of eating, participating in physical activities, the time spent sitting in front of TV or computer, delaying the need to use toilet voluntarily, and in the third section, the criteria of Rome IV and the use of the school toilet were questioned. RESULTS: The incidence of functional constipation according to the Rome IV criteria was 24.8 percent. No statistically significant relationship was determined in respect of age, gender, body mass index, maternal education level, family economic level, physical activity or time spent on watching television. There was a statistically significant relationship between consumption of few vegetables and fruits, food with very low fiber content and not using school toilets and functional constipation (p<0.05). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Functional constipation is more common in primary school children who have low consumption of vegetables and fruits and who do not use the school toilet.
İlkokul çağındaki çocuklarda enürezis ve enürezise etkisi olan faktörler
Authors: Göksu Mehmet , Özel Ş.Kerem , Koç Mustafa , Kazez Ahmet
Published: December 2020

INTRODUCTION: With this study, it was aimed to reveal the frequency of monosymptomatic enuresis (MSE) and factors affecting MSE in school children aged 7-12 years in Elazığ city. METHODS: In our study, a total of 1888 students, including 945 boys and 943 girls aged between 7-12, were included with the simple random sampling method. In our study, a questionnaire containing factors that might affect enuresis was used. Detailed histories of all cases were taken, physical examinations and laboratory examinations were performed. The findings were evaluated by the chi-square test. RESULTS: MSE was detected in 352 (18.6%) of 1888 students. The frequency of MSE in boys was 20.8% (n=197) and 16.4% (n=155) in girls (P=0.044). The rate of MSE was higher in children with a family history of epilepsy (6.8%) compared to those without (3.4%) (P=0.013). The monthly income level of families of enuretic children is below the minimum wage in 53.1% (n=186), between the minimum wage and twice its amount in 34.9% (n=122), and more than twice the minimum wage in 12.0% (n=42) of the families. (P=0.027). MSE was present in 18.8% of circumcised and 27.2% of non-circumcised children. Cardiac murmur was found in 4.3% of enuretic and 0.3% of nonenuretic patients (P=0.001). Inguinal hernia enuresis was detected in 0.6%, of enuretic, and in 0.2% (P=0.001) of nonenuretic, patients. While undescended testicular was found in 1.7% of enuretic, and in 0.1% of nonenuretic patients (P=0.001). Sacral hair growth, dermal sinus, and hyperpigmentation was encountered in 11.7% of enuretic children (P=0.001). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It has been understood that the incidence of MSE is higher in Elazig Province, according to the literature. While the frequency of enuresis decreased in circumcised patients, an inverse relationship was detected between income level and enuresis. It was determined that enuresis decreased school success. In addition, enuresis is more common with pathologies such as family history of epilepsy, cardiac murmur, inguinal hernia, undescended testicle, sacral hair growth, dermal sinus and hyperpigmentation.
A novel conceptual framework to identify the mineral laws in Iran: A real-case application of fuzzy TOPSIS method
Authors: Ghazanfari Mehdi , Hashempour Morteza
Published: January 2021

Due to the important environmental effects on human life and the conflict between the mining process and environmental factors, the enactment of protectionist environmental laws in the mineral industry has received extensive attention especially in countries with high mining potential. In this regard, using an extended fuzzy TOPSIS method, this study develops a novel conceptual framework to identify the key protection laws in Iran by considering the mineral successful laws and regulations in mineral-developed countries such as Australia, Chile, India, Turkey, Canada, South Africa, and China. This helps to apply the experiences of the abovementioned countries in resolving similar conflicts in Iran’s mineral industry. The key protection laws are selected based on their national and international environmental treaties, mines’ environmental protection laws, conflict solution methods, social responsibilities in mining activity, and laws for the abandoned mines. The proposed framework demonstrates that Iran’s mineral laws require revision and more transparency to avoid ambiguity and conflict with mineral property laws and governmental rights.
Surgical management of Mirizzi syndrome during the pandemic in a COVID 19 referral center: Report of a case from a developing country
Authors: Andrew G Viray Brent , E Arcilla Crisostomo , R Perez Anthony , T Limpin Emmanuel
Published: December 2020

>Mirizzi syndrome (MS) is a rare complication of gallstone disease. Surgical management may be complex, depending on the type of Mirizzi, and may range from simple cholecystectomy to a hepaticojejunostomy. A 39-year-old female diagnosed previously to have gallstones was admitted in the Philippine General Hospital (PGH), a tertiary COVID 19 referral center presenting with obstructive jaundice, right upper quadrant pain and fever. Hepatobiliary ultrasonography demonstrated a markedly distended gallbladder with a stone at the Hartmann's pouch. A diagnosis of Mirizzi syndrome with cholangitis was made. The patient was managed with broad spectrum antibiotics and scheduled for surgery. No further imaging or endoscopy was requested due to the limitations brought about by the pandemic. Upon a negative COVID 19 polymerase chain reaction (COVID 19 PCR) test result she underwent surgery, subtotal cholecystectomy, intraoperative cholangiography, and choledochoplasty. No perioperative complications were noted. This patient was managed with the goal of providing excellent patient care while limiting risks from COVID 19 both to the patient and the health care team. This case demonstrates the need to address issues brought about by the pandemic resulting in limitations in resources, added risk of morbidity to patients, and increased level of technical difficulty particularly in biliary surgery.
TRANSFER OF RESPONSIBILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY OF PATIENT CARE
Authors: Anderson Judith Karin
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACTAims and ObjectivesThis paper reports on a study of clinical incidents related to the transfer of accountability and responsibility of patient care during clinical handover in three major health facilities in regional Australia. It aims to identify significant issues in the area of transferring accountability and responsibility.BackgroundAlthough clinical handover is widely acknowledged as the process which transfers accountability and responsibility, issues occur particularly when this transfer is incomplete, shared or when one clinician feels an ongoing sense of responsibility for the patient.DesignA thematic analysis of incidents related to clinical handover was conducted on data collected at three regional settings within Australia in order to identify issues which had occurred during this process.MethodsThe Incident Information Management System (IIMS) is a database that collects information about clinical incidents and near misses and relies on health staff to report them. The initial information retrieved from IIMs identified 3716 possible events for inclusion. A thematic analysis was undertaken of the data which identified transfer of responsibility and accountability as a key theme.ResultsThe data related to the transfer of responsibility and accountability came to prominence in the incident reports in three ways. These included; identifying omissions, issues with information exchange and refusal to accept responsibility of care.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates the need for a more systematic approach regarding communication between health professionals regarding the transferability and accountability of patient care.Relevance to Clinical PracticeClinical handover remains a contentious issue regarding patient care and safety. Health professionals may benefit from this review of incidents related to clinical handover and consider some of the recommendations to improve clinical practice.
Emergency department utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Saylor Regina K. , Blome Andrea , Isenberg Derek , DelPortal Daniel A. , Satz Wayne A. , Schreyer Kraftin E.
Published: January 2021

Objective: Optimizing resource utilization is critical to reducing healthcare costs. Our study aims to review trends in overall patient volume, acuity, time of presentation, and use of resources in the emergency department (ED) during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: We compared ED utilization from a 30-day period during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic (April 1, 2020-April 30, 2020) to the same 30-day period in the preceding calendar year (April 1, 2019-April 30-2019). Data were grouped into outcome measures focusing on ED throughput and utilization of ancillary ED services.Results: While the absolute number of patients in or arriving to the ED at any given time was significantly lower during the COVID-19 pandemic (p < .01), the hourly patterns of patient census, arrivals, and admissions all aligned with pre-pandemic values. Also, patient acuity, as measured by ESI level, did not significantly change. The absolute number of admissions for bothsites was similar to the pre-pandemic time period, but the percentage of patients admitted over the 30-day period increased. The absolute number of radiographic and laboratory studies ordered in the ED also changed significantly (p < .05), but the hourly pattern did not.Conclusions: Our study shows significantly lower patient volumes, increased admission rates, and no significant change in the hourly throughput of the ED. Thus, our analysis suggests that shift times should not be adjusted, nor should the number or composition of providers on each shift in academic and community ED sites during the COVID national lockdown.
Ground motion near causative fault of Kita-Tango earthquake of 1927
Authors: Yoshikawa S. , Iwasaki Y. T. , Tai M. , Matsuzaki J.
Published: January 2021

The authors describe the estimated characterists of ground motion on the base rock near the fault in the case of Kita-Tango Earthquake, occurred in south-west of Japan on March 7, 1927 (M=7.5). The ground motions at top subsurface were calculated assuming the constant particle velocity amplitude of the source spectra. The response spectral values at 11 sites with different distances from the fault are found to have good correlation with the damage ratio of the wooden house structure. The assumed base rock motion near the fault may be considered one of the possible solution to describe its character.
Determinants of Banks’ Technical Efficiency in Loans Allocation: Evidence from Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Samuel Yannick Gahé Zimy
Published: January 2021

The role of the financial sector is widely discussed in the economic literature. As part of this sector, banks in general and commercial banks specifically are at the front line. They are the first channels to finance the economy of a contry. Their funds come mainly from clients deposits. In an academic paper published some years ago, we assessed the efficiency of commercial banks operating in Côte d’Ivoire in converting deposits into loans. Even though the results were edifying, an important question remained: what are the factors that affect technical efficiency scores obtained? The present paper aims at answering this question. Based on a literature review, we identified several variables likely to impact the scores. Those variables are classified into two main groups. On the one hand, there are variables under the direct control of banks; on the other hand, there are variables that cannot be impacted by a given bank in a context of perfect competition. To conduct our study, we run a multiple regression model using Ordinary Least Squares. The dependent variable is the efficiency score. As per the potential explanatory variables, we take methodically some of those found within the literature in light of the context of the Ivorian bank market. The results reveal that bank specific factors are the most recurrent factors explaining variation in technical efficiency scores.
The Contribution of Meta-Cognitive Guidance to Building Geometry Teaching Units and Improving Classroom Teaching Processes
Authors: Nahmias Erez , Teicher Mina
Published: December 2020

In this paper, we examine the importance of building instructional units that incorporate metacognition intent processes that contribute to the development of geometric thinking. We show that the implementation of metacognition processes in the initial stages of constructing tailored instructional units will improve students’ geometric ability. The study was performed on middle school mathematics teachers of the ninth grade. The experiment we conducted shows that building instructional units that incorporate metacognition intent benefit learning processes on two levels: First, in the subject matter. Second, they contribute to a deeper understanding that improves student’s ability to connect related subjects to mathematical geometry. moreover, we will present a practical model that incorporates different aspects that could operate a guideline for middle school mathematics teachers.
Predictive Validity of Teaching Efficacy Beliefs on Teaching-Learning Conceptions: A Study of Physical Education Teacher Candidates
Authors: Erbaş Mustafa Kayıhan
Published: December 2020

This study aimed to determine the relationship between the teaching efficacy of physical education teacher candidates and their teaching-learning conceptions and to determine the validity of the level of teaching efficacy predicting teaching-learning conceptions. The study group consisted of 433 teacher candidates studying in physical education and sport teaching departments. The study revealed that teacher candidates’ teaching efficacy levels and their adoption of constructivist conceptions were high and that teacher efficacy levels were important predictors of teaching-learning conceptions.
The diagnosis of lung cancer in the era of interventional pulmonology
Authors: Liam C-K. , Lee P. , Yu C-J. , Bai C. , Yasufuku K.
Published: January 2021

Advances in bronchoscopic and other interventional pulmonology technologies have expanded the sampling procedures pulmonologist can use to diagnose lung cancer and accurately stage the mediastinum. Among the modalities available to the interventional pulmonologist are endobronchial
ultrasound-guided transbronchial needles aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) and transoesophageal bronchoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-B-FNA) for sampling peribronchial/perioesophageal central lesions and for mediastinal lymph node staging, as well as navigational bronchoscopy and
radial probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS) for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer. The role of the interventional pulmonologist in this setting is to apply these procedures based on the correct interpretation of clinical and radiological findings in order to maximise the chances
of achieving the diagnosis and obtaining sufficient tissue for molecular biomarker testing to guide targeted therapies for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. The safest and the highest diagnosis-yielding modality should be chosen to avoid a repeat sampling procedure if the first one is non-diagnostic.
The choice of site and biopsy modality are influenced by tumour location, patient comorbidities, availability of equipment and local expertise. This review provides a concise state-of-the art account of the interventional pulmonology procedures in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer.
A Correlational Study Between Attachment Behaviors and Spiritual Health with Stress in Pregnant Women Referred to Healthcare Centers in Qazvin, Iran, in 2015
Authors: Haji Rafiei Elnaz , Torkzahrani Shahnaz , Hajian Sepideh , Alavi Majd Hamid
Published: December 2020

Background: Prenatal stress causes negative health outcomes for the mother and fetus. Hence, investigating coping strategies is essential to reduce such negative effects. Objectives:: The current study aimed to investigate the correlation between attachment behaviors and spiritual health with stress during pregnancy. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 200 pregnant women referred to the health centers affiliated to Qazvin University of Medical Sciences in 2015 are studied. Participants were selected using the multi-stage sampling technique. Data were collected using Paloutzian & Ellison's Spiritual Well-Being Scale, Cranley's Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale, the Pregnancy Stress Scale, and a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of demographic and midwifery information. Data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and the multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: The mean scores for spirituality, attachment behaviors, and prenatal stress were 104.15 ± 10.59, 95.91 ± 8.9, and 88.92 ± 36.93, respectively. A positive weak correlation was spotted between attachment and stress (P = 0.02, r = 0.15), and spiritual health was found to have a negative, weak but significant association with the financial status (P < 0.001, r = -0. 22) and personal-family (P = 0. 03, r = -0.14) subscales of stress. No significant correlation was observed between spiritual health and the total score of stress (P > 0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that maternal-fetal attachment was correlated with prenatal stress while spiritual health was not correlated with prenatal stress; however, spiritual health could predict some subscales of stress.
CK AQR TIME KEEPING. EVIDENCE FOR A THIRD BODY
Authors: Bonnardeau Michel
Published: December 2020

Photometric measurements of the contact binary system CK Aqr are presented. 49 new times of minimum were obtained between 2005 and 2020. Along with already published observations, this allows the derivation of an improved ephemeris. The resulting O-C diagram shows oscillations which are interpreted as the light time travel effect due to a third component, with a period of 8.2 years.
Can There Be a Virtuous Society?
Authors: Clough William R. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

"Virtue* can be difficult to define usefully. It can be described in ideal terms, like love or justice; principles like doing no harm; or specific acts, such as telling the truth. However, ideals and principles require definition in practice, in specific terms like "tell the truth," while specific rules need refinement and exceptions to be fully moral. Getting from the ideal to the real involves forming mental and social rules or heuristics. While much has been written about virtue as ideal principles, societal rules, or specific actions, the heuristic process by which virtues are operationalized, the real and the ideal harmonized, has been relatively neglected. This essay examines four influential secular hermeneutics, assessing their strengths and weaknesses, along with two religjous ethical traditions, Islam and Christianity. It concludes that a healthy operationalization of virtue requires harmonizing acts with standards and balance in practice.
We Are Not in Kansas or Kiev Anymore
Authors: Baehr Ted ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

The United States and Westem Europe are on the edge of a cultural collapse brought about to a large degree by the mass media of entertainment, along with public schools and other institutions of mass cultural diversion, USA Today notes that 70 percent of Americans are unable to name the Ten Commandments. In a culture where physical health is a higher priority than spiritual vitality, another survey found that more Americans are familiar with the specific ingredients in a McDonald's hamburger than know the individual commands that comprise the Ten Commandments. Many Christian parents are concemed about the influence of media violence on their children, but do not know what to do about it. The good news is that there are effective ways to teach children to be media-wise. Specifically, there are five pillars of media wisdom that will help build the culture-wise family. Theodore Roosevelt said that if we educate a man's mind but not his heart, we will get an educated barbarian. Cultural and media wisdom involves educating the heart so that it will make the right decisions.
Christianity as Ideal Paradigm of Globalization
Authors: Damian Theodor ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: January 2021

With its varied definitions, globalization evokes both skepticism and optimism. This essay explores how globalization relates to secularization and culture, in particular Christianity, It analyzes major aspects of this relationship: man as a globalizing being communication and obedience, and the global village in its historic, contemporary, and eschatological dimensions, Christianity has many tools at its disposal that can be used to enhance co-habitation as an enriching experience in a globalizing world. Some of these tools may be found in the traditional rituals of the Christian Church, while others are embedded in Christian doctrines, St. Irenaeus' doctrine of recapitulation is of special relevance for globalization. These tools need to be re-discovered, reassessed, and put to work. The essay proposes a type of globalization that enriches human life and dignity, and that integrates and builds unity and hope.
Development of gastroretentive floating granules with gentian root extract by hot-melt granulation
Authors: Mudrić Jelena , Pajić Mirjana , Bigović Dubravka , Ðuriš Jelena
Published: December 2020

The roots of yellow gentian, Gentiana lutea L. (Gentianaceae) are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, with the literature data indicates a local gastric effect of gentian root extract (GRE) and support the use of the solid pharmaceutical forms. Gentiopicroside, as a dominant secoiridoid in the GRE, has a short elimination half-life and low bioavailability and, consequently, its bioactivity is limited. The aim of the study was to develop gastroretentive floating delivery system with GRE, and to provide prolonged release of gentiopicroside. Floating granules with dry GRE (DGRE) were prepared by the hot-melt granulation technique, while formulations included effervescent components (citric acid and sodium bicarbonate), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and meltable binders (Compritol® 888 ATO and Gelucire® 50/13). The flowability of the DGRE and prepared formulations was determined by calculating the Carr index and Hausner ratio. Floating properties and in vitro dissolution rate of gentiopicroside from investigated formulations were examined. Floating granules were characterized with improved flowability (Carr index 14-22 %; Hausner ratio 1.16-1.28) in comparison to the DGRE (Carr index 28.99 %; Hausner ratio of 1.41). Furthermore, the floating granules exhibited immediate and long-lasting buoyancy and prolonged-release of gentiopicroside (over 8 h). Compritol® 888 ATO has provided sustained release of gentiopicroside from floating granules, while HPMC has decreased release rate additionally. On the other hand, Gelucire® 50/13 has increased gentiopicroside release rate. The results have shown that hot-melt granulation technique, as a green granulation method was successfully employed for obtaining gastroretentive floating granules with DGRE.
FREEZE-DRIED PLATELET-RICH PLASMA PROMOTES TRIGEMINAL NEUROPATHIC PAIN RELIEF IN A RAT MODEL
Authors: WİNİAS Saka , RADİTHİA Desiana , SARASATİ Andari , SOEBADİ Bagus , MAHDANİ Fatma
Published: December 2020

Objective: Neuropathic pain and treatment side effects decreasing quality of life, reducing productivity, and high costs due to long duration of treatment. Regenerative medicine is a new and effective alternative treatment for neuropathic pain, one of which is Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) therapy. The objective if this study is to prove that there are differences in neuroregeneration post-crush injury after FD-PRP administration. Materials and Methods: Neuropathic pain model was made with crushing method, by compressing the infraorbital nerve using the artery clamp for 15 seconds. Rats divided into six groups. Each group was observed on day 14 (A, B, C) and 21 (A', B', C') to observe the macrophages, lymphocytes, and Schwann cells with Hematoxylin Eosin staining seen on horizontal plane of the infraorbital nerve with 400x magnification. Face grooming observations were performed on day 0 (A0, B0, C0), day 7 (A7, B7, C7), day 14 (A14, B14, C14), day 21 (A21, B21, C21). Results: There were significant differences in face grooming frequencies between groups on day 0 (p = 0.002). ANOVA Same Subject test on A`, B`, and C` revealed significant differences in macrophages and lymphocytes with score 0.02 (p <0.05) and 0.013 (p<0.05), respectively. There were significant differences between group A' and B' and between B' and C' (p>0.05). Conclusions: FD-PRP promotes nerve regeneration in axonotmesis, which was characterized by a decrease in face grooming frequency on day 7 and an increase in the number of lymphocytes, macrophages and Schwann cells on day 21.
BETTER WITH OZONE, OR NOT? AN IN-VIVO STUDY OF OZONE THERAPY AS A PRE-TREATMENT BEFORE FISSURE SEALANT APPLICATION.
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Murat , AKSOY Merve , TULGA ÖZ Firdevs
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical achievements of ClinproTMSealant and Teeth mate F-1 fissure sealants with or without ozone treatment as well as retention, marginal discoloration, marginal adaptation and caries formation under in-vivo conditions.
Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on 166 patients whose ages differs between 9-12 and 3 different groups were formed above them according to split mouth technique, in order to evaluate clinical achievements of fissure sealants with or without ozone treatment. Group 1: ClinproTMSealant and Teethmate F-1 were applied on a total of 104 first lower permanent molar teeth which were randomly selected from 52 patients. Group 2: ClinproTM Sealant and ClinproTM Sealant following ozone treatment were applied on 112 randomly selected teeth of 56 patients. Group 3: Teeth mate F-1 and Teeth mate F-1 following the ozone treatment were applied on 116 first lower permanent molar teeth which were randomly selected from 58 patients. Based on the modified USPHS criteria, the impacts on general achievement, retention, marginal fit, marginal discoloration and caries formation on occlusal surfaces were evaluated in 3rd,6th,12th,18th months. Chi-Square Test and Fisher’s Exact Test were used for analyses of the data.
Results: In Group 1; Clinpro™Sealant showed higher clinical success rates in all observation periods. Considering marginal adaptation and retention, Clinpro™Sealant group was statistically significantly different in 18th month observations. In group 2 and group 3, there was not statistically significantly difference (p>0.05) between control and experimental groups but clinical success rates of Clinpro ™ Sealant and Teetmate F-1 with Ozone Treatment were higher than the same groups without ozone pretreatment during all observation periods.
Conclusion: It was determined that, ClinproTMSealant yielded more successful results than the Teethmate F-1 under in-vivo conditions. Although there wasn’t any statistically significantly difference between Group 2 and Group 3 in which Ozone as a pretreatment method before performing fissure sealant was considered, the Ozone pretreatment method’s success rates were higher clinically according to Bravo, Alpha and Charlie Scores. It seems that performing Ozone Therapy before applying fissure sealant is a successful method for preventing pit and fissure sealants, clinically.
THE EFFECT OF AUTOCLAVE POLYMERIZATION ON THE TENSILE STRENGTH OF VARIOUS DENTURE BASE MATERIALS
Authors: DESTE Gonca , DURKAN Rukiye , OYAR Perihan
Published: December 2020

Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of autoclave polymerization method on the tensile strength of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) acrylic denture base resins.
Materials and Methods: Total of 60 specimens were fabricated from four different denture base materials such as three heat polymerized dental resins Meliodent, Paladent, and QC-20 and one microwave polymerized resin Acron MC. The tensile strength tests were performed.
Results: Acron-MC showed the highest tensile strength value, QC-20, Paladent and Meliodent were followed in order for the control group. Acron MC was significantly different than the other acrylic resins for the control and autoclave polymerization 10 minutes groups (p<0.01). Autoclave polymerized acrylic resin specimens showed higher tensile strength values than the control groups (p<0.01). There was no significant difference between the increasing time of autoclave polymerization methods 10 minutes and 20 minutes (p>0.01)
Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, autoclave polymerization method may provide a stronger alternative to conventional polymerization methods. Autoclave polymerization method provides high temperature that the activation ratio of cross-linking agents (glycoldimethacrylate) can be increased.
Uso del diseño lúdico para combatir la desinformación:
Authors: García-Ortega Alba , García-Avilés José Alberto
Published: January 2021

El auge de las redes sociales, junto a una situación política particularmente convulsa, fomentan la proliferación de bulos y otros trastornos de la información. En este contexto, algunos medios e instituciones sin ánimo de lucro han desarrollado iniciativas de verificación para mostrar cómo detectar y evaluar críticamente las noticias falsas. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el potencial de cinco newsgames diseñados para educar a los usuarios contra la desinformación. La propuesta metodológica se basa en un análisis exploratorio del contenido y la estructura de cada newsgame con el objetivo de identificar las mecánicas, dinámicas y fórmulas persuasivas empleadas en su diseño. Los resultados muestran cómo la correcta elección de los recursos lúdicos permite crear argumentos complejos de forma consistente con los estándares informativos. En este sentido, la intersección del periodismo, la educación y el juego potencia un nuevo modelo informativo en el que el contenido se construye a través de la interacción con el sistema de juego y no como un simple elemento accesorio.
Hybrid warfare & theory
Authors: Gunneriusson Håkan Ulf
Published: January 2021

Hybrid threats use conventional and unconventional means to achieve their goals. This paper explores the cyber threat as one possible aspect of hybrid threats. It also discusses the background of the term hybrid warfare, how it emerged and travelled as the empirical situations evolved and needed new definitions. Russia aims at attaining this by applying a holistic mix of military, political and economic means to weaken the West and to strengthen its own role as a global player (with the “West” I for simplicity mean the states which constitute EU and NATO, but it is really more a cultural approach than an organizational). The Russian approach builds on a strategy of reflexive control which as such is an old method, but the outcome of the application of this approach results in hybrid warfare which as such is a new emerging concept of warfighting. This short article looks at one particular aspect of this Russian strategy, namely using Hybrid, or non-linear, Warfare against its Western direct neighbors in particular and the West in general. The cyber arena is very important in this practice. The attack of this weaponized situation is that the trust in the West. Primarily the EU (European Union) and NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), is eroded for every day which these countries challenges the international system which the western democracies say that they present and defend. This is part of what can be described as an example of reflexive control, exercised by Russia.
Eurosodom: Specifics of Weaponized Sexuality and Gender-Based Narratives in Contemporary Russian and Pro-Russian Disinformation
Authors: Cushman Ellery G , Avramov Kiril
Published: January 2021

The Kremlin, under the leadership of President Vladimir Putin, has sponsored a resurgence of political warfare against Western targets. This analysis will focus on a particular aspect of Kremlin-sponsored political warfare: sexuality and gender-based narratives in Russian and pro-Russian disinformation campaigns targeting EU and aspiring members from 2015-2020. The potency of these narratives arises from the emotional and cognitive load that they elicit. Their significance is often overlooked in security, intelligence, and communication studies. In order to alleviate this gap, this article consists of a mixed-methods analysis in order to analyze the role and function of these narratives within the larger body of Russian disinformation. This research shows that sexuality and gender-based disinformation narratives are designed to target basic human emotions, such as fear, anger, hostility, confusion, and disgust, by exploiting existing cognitive biases within the targeted population. These narratives are a useful and effective political and propaganda tool meant to elicit support for a specific brand of traditional values that furthers the Kremlin’s geopolitical aim of creating an alternative to Western liberal hegemony.
Psychological Defence and Cyber Security
Authors: Juurvee Ivo , Arold Uku
Published: January 2021

Disruptive developments in the field of information and communication technology have enabled malicious actors to turn elements of the digital ecosystem into information weapons in hybrid conflict.  Estonia has tackled the new security realm with comprehensive national defence that is built upon understanding that the society itself is object of security and should provide appropriate safeguards and responses. Estonian conceptualisations of national cybersecurity, cyber psychological defence, strategic communications are elaborated in the light of actual seminal threat situations. Analysis of evolvement of the strategic documents guides the recommendations for even deeper blend of the technical cybersecurity culture with value-centric psychological defence and internationalisation of information security situational awareness and planning.
The Role of Global Civil Society at the Local Level in Climate Change Mitigation: A Case Study of Earth Hour’s Activities in Malang
Authors: Rijal Najamuddin Khairur
Published: December 2020

This study examines the role of global civil society at the local level in climate change mitigation. Climate change issue is one of the global issues that is responded at the local level, as the impact of the problem concerns the universal livelihood of the world’s population. This study focuses on Earth Hour’s activities in the Malang region as a part of a global civil society. This research uses global civil society and its role in environmental governance as the analytical framework. The data are collected through documentation studies and interviews. The results show that Earth Hour Malang’s activities have three important roles in climate change mitigation efforts, namely information-based role, providing policy inputs to the government, and performing operational functions.
Theoretical model of maximum spreading diameter on superhydrophilic surfaces
Authors: Chun Jiang , Wang Jin-Xuan , Xu Chen , Wen Rong-Fu , Lan Zhong , Ma Xue-Hu ,   Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Utilization of Chemical Resources, Institute of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Published: January 2021

Liquid droplets impacting on the solid surface is an ubiquitous phenomenon in natural, agricultural, and industrial processes. The maximum spreading diameter of a liquid droplet impacting on a solid surface is a significant parameter in the industrial applications such as inkjet printing, spray coating, and spray cooling. However, former models cannot accurately predict the maximum spreading diameter on a superhydrophilic surface, especially under low Weber number (We). In this work, the spreading characteristics of a water droplet impacting on a superhydrophilic surface are explored by high-speed technique. The spherical cap of the spreading droplet, gravitational potential energy, and auxiliary dissipation are introduced into the modified theoretical model based on the energy balance. The model includes two viscous dissipation terms: the viscous dissipation of the initial kinetic energy and the auxiliary dissipation in spontaneous spreading. The energy component analysis in the spreading process shows that the kinetic energy, surface energy, and gravitational potential energy are all transformed into the viscous dissipation on the superhydrophilic surface. The transformation of surface energy into viscous dissipation is dominant at lower We while the transformation of kinetic energy into viscous dissipation is dominant at higher We. It is found that the gravitational potential energy and auxiliary dissipation play a significant role in spreading performance at low We according to the energy component analysis. Moreover, the energy components predicted by the modified model accord well with the experimental data. As a result, the proposed model can predict the maximum spreading diameter of a droplet impacting on the superhydrophilic surface accurately. Furthermore, the model proposed in this work can predict the maximum spreading diameter of the droplet impacting on the hydrophilic surface and hydrophobic surface. The results of this work are of great significance for controlling droplet spreading diameter in spray cooling and falling film evaporation.
Salondiplomati og politisk selskabelighed
Authors: Dyrmann Kristine
Published: December 2020

This article traces the historiography of an elite woman and salonnière from late eighteenth-century Denmark, Charlotte Schimmelmann (1757–1816), arguing that the publication of her letters at the turn of the twentieth century has impacted contemporary historical writing on her salon and elite women’s political agency in Denmark. The article places the case of Charlotte Schimmelmann’s correspondence within the wider context of salon historiography and new diplomatic history, arguing that we must take the international research on not only the eighteenth-century salon, but also aristocratic sociability and new diplomatic history into account in order to understand Charlotte Schimmelmann’s late eighteenth-century sociability. Through examples from a reading of Charlotte Schimmelmann’s and her female circle’s full correspondence, their political and diplomatic involvement is highlighted. Several of these examples have been excluded from the published collection, prompting the second part of the article to investigate how and why the letters presented in the collection were selected for publication. Drawing on material from Louis Bobé’s personal archive, this part of the article uncovers Bobé’s basis for publishing the letters, leading to a discussion of how the publication’s emphasis on literary aspects of elite sociability has contributed to contemporary understandings of their agency.