bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between Obligatory Cortical Auditory Evoked Potentials (CAEPs) and Functional Measures in Young Infants
Authors: Golding Maryanne , Pearce Wendy , Seymour John , Cooper Alison , Ching Teresa , Dillon Harvey
Published: April 2008

Finding ways to evaluate the success of hearing aid fittings in young infants has increased in importance with the implementation of hearing screening programs. Cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEP) can be recorded in infants and provides evidence for speech detection at the cortical
level. The validity of this technique as a tool of hearing aid evaluation needs, however, to be demonstrated. The present study examined the relationship between the presence/absence of CAEPs to speech stimuli and the outcomes of a parental questionnaire in young infants who were fitted with
hearing aids. The presence/absence of responses was determined by an experienced examiner as well as by a statistical measure, Hotelling's T2. A statistically significant correlation between CAEPs and questionnaire scores was found using the examiner's grading (rs = 0.45)
and using the statistical grading (rs = 0.41), and there was reasonably good agreement between traditional response detection methods and the statistical analysis. La búsqueda de formas de evaluar el éxito de una adaptación de auxiliares auditivos en niños
pequeños ha aumentado en importancia con la implementación de los programas de tamizaje auditivo. Se pueden registrar potenciales evocados auditivos corticales (CAEP) en infantes y aportar evidencia sobre la detección del lenguaje a nivel cortical. La validez de esta técnica
como una herramienta para la evaluación de las necesidades de adaptación de auxiliares auditivos necesita, sin embargo, ser demostrada. El presente estudio examinó la relación entre la presencia/ausencia de CAEP ante estímulos de lenguaje y el resultado de
un cuestionario a los padres de infantes a los que se adaptaron auxiliares auditivos. La presencia/ausencia de respuestas fue determinada por un examinador con experiencia, así como por un procedimiento de medición estadística: la T2 de Hotelling. Se encontró
una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre los CAEP y los puntajes del cuestionario, utilizando la gradación del examinador (rs = 0.45) y utilizando la gradación estadística (rs = 0.41), y existió un acuerdo razonablemente
bueno entre los métodos tradicionales de detección de respuesta y el análisis estadístico.
The Parents' Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) Scale: Normative Data
Authors: Ching Teresa Y.C. , Hill Mandy
Published: April 2008

The Parent's Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) was developed to evaluate the effectiveness of amplification for infants and children with hearing impairment by a systematic use of parents' observations. The PEACH was administered to 180 parents (one parent of
each of 90 children with normal hearing that ranged in age from 0.25 to 46 months, and 90 children with hearing impairment that ranged in age from 4 months to 19 years). The internal consistency reliability was 0.88, and the test-retest correlation was 0.93. Normative data are presented to
enable performance of children with hearing impairment to be related to their normally hearing peers and/or other children with similar degrees of hearing loss. Ninety and ninety-five percent critical differences are presented to facilitate evaluation of differences between scores obtained
under different conditions for the same individual. The PEACH can be used with infants as young as one month old and with school-aged children who have hearing loss ranging from mild to profound degree. La Escala de Evaluación de los Padres sobre el Desempeño Auditivo/Oral Infantil
(PEACH) fue desarrollada para evaluar la efectividad en la amplificación de infantes y niños con trastornos auditivos, haciendo uso sistemático de las observaciones de los padres. Se administró el PEACH a 180 padres (un progenitor por cada 90 niños con audición
normal en edades entre 0.25 y 46 meses, y por cada 90 niños con hipoacusia en edades entre los 4 meses y los 19 años). La confiabilidad en la consistencia interna fue 0.88, y la correlación test-retest fue 0.93. Se presentan los datos normativos para establecer la relación
entre niños con hipoacusia y niños normo-oyentes, y/o con otros niños con grados similares de hipoacusia. Se presentan diferencias críticas del noventa y noventa y cinco por ciento para facilitar la evaluación de diferencias entre los puntajes obtenidos bajo
diferentes condiciones en el mismo individuo. El PEACH puede utilizarse en niños desde un mes de edad hasta la edad escolar, con grados de hipoacusia de grado leve a profundo.
Comparison of Horizontal and Vertical Dynamic Visual Acuity in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction and Nonvestibular Dizziness
Authors: Roberts Richard A. , Gans Richard E.
Published: April 2008

Blurred vision with head movement is a common symptom reported by patients with vestibular dysfunction affecting the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). Impaired VOR can be measured by comparing visual acuity in which there is no head movement to visual acuity obtained with head movement.
A previous study demonstrated that dynamic visual acuity (DVA) testing using vertical head movement revealed deficits in impaired VOR. There is evidence that horizontal head movement is more sensitive to impaired VOR. The objective of this investigation was to compare horizontal and vertical
DVA in participants with normal vestibular function (NVF), impaired vestibular function (IVF), and participants with nonvestibular dizziness (NVD). Participants performed the visual acuity task in a baseline condition with no movement and also in two dynamic conditions, horizontal head movement
and vertical head movement. Horizontal DVA was twice as sensitive to impaired VOR than vertical DVA. Results suggest that horizontal volitional head movement should be incorporated into tasks measuring functional deficits of impaired VOR. Una visión borrosa con los movimientos de la
cabeza es un síntoma común reportado por los pacientes con una disfunción vestibular que afecta el reflejo vestíbulo-ocular (VOR). La alteración en el VOR puede ser medida comparando la aguda visual no acompañada de movimientos de la cabeza, con la
aguda visual obtenida con movimientos cefálicos. Un estudio previo demostró que la prueba de aguda visual dinámica (DVA) usando movimiento vertical de la cabeza revelaba deficiencias relacionados con un VOR alterado. Existe evidencia que el movimiento cefálico horizontal
es más sensible a un VOR alterado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar el DVA horizontal y vertical en participantes con funcional vestibular normal (NVF), con función vestibular alterada (IVF) y en sujetos con mareo no vestibular (NVD). Los participantes realizaron
sus tareas de agudeza visual en una condición basal, sin movimiento, y también en dos condiciones dinámicas, con movimientos de cabeza horizontales y verticales. El DVA horizontal fue dos veces más sensible a un VOR alterado que el DVA vertical. Los resultados sugieren
que los movimientos volitivos horizontales de la cabeza deben incorporarse en las tareas que midan deficiencias funcionales con un VOR alterado.
The Impact of Tinnitus on Quality of Life in Older Adults
Authors: Nondahl David M. , Cruickshanks Karen J. , Dalton Dayna S. , Klein Barbara E.K. , Klein Ronald , Schubert Carla R. , Tweed Ted S. , Wiley Terry L.
Published: April 2008

Few population-based data exist to assess the impact of tinnitus on quality of life. As part of the Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study, self-reported data on tinnitus and quality of life were obtained by interview at the first follow-up examination (1998–2000; N = 2800; ages 53–97
years). The Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess quality of life. Adjusted mean SF-36 scores decreased (worsened) with increasing tinnitus severity (None, Mild, Moderate, Severe) for the Role-Physical, Bodily Pain, Vitality, and Mental Health domains,
and the Physical Component Summary scale (F-tests for linear trend, p < .05). Scores tended to be lower for those who first reported tinnitus at the follow-up (five-year incidence of tinnitus) compared to those who reported tinnitus at the baseline and follow-up examinations (prevalent
tinnitus). This study documents clear associations between tinnitus and reduced quality of life in this large cohort of older adults. Existen pocos datos con base poblacional para evaluar el impacto del acúfeno sobre la calidad de vida. Como parte de un Estudio de Epidemiología
de los Trastornos Auditivos, se obtuvieron datos de auto-reporte sobre el acúfeno y la calidad de vida por medio de entrevistas en el primer examen de seguimiento (1998-2000; N = 2800; edades: 53'97 años). La Encuesta de Salud de Fórmula Corta (SF-36) del Estudio de Resultados
Médicos (MOS) fue utilizado para evaluar la calidad de vida. Los puntajes medios ajustados de la SF-36 disminuyeron (se deterioraron) conforme aumentó la severidad del acúfeno (Ninguno, Leve, Moderado, Severo) en las áreas de Papel Físico, Dolor Corporal,
Vitalidad, y Salud Mental, y de acuerdo a la Escala Resumen de Componente Físico (Prueba F para tendencias lineales, p < 0.05). Los puntajes tendieron a ser más bajos para aquellos que reportaron el acúfeno en la cita de seguimiento (una incidencia de cinco años
del acúfeno) comparados con aquellos que reportaron el acúfeno al inicio y en el seguimiento (acúfeno prevalente). Este estudio documenta una clara asociación entre el acúfeno y una reducción en la calidad de vida, en esta grande cohorte de adultos
mayores.
Influence of Music and Music Preference on Acceptable Noise Levels in Listeners with Normal Hearing
Authors: Gordon-Hickey Susan , Moore Robert E.
Published: April 2008

Acceptable noise level (ANL) is defined as the maximum level of background noise that an individual is willing to accept while listening to speech. The type of background noise does not affect ANL results with the possible exception of music. The purpose of this study was to determine
if ANL for music was different from ANL for twelve-talker babble and investigate if there was a correlation between ANL for music samples and preference for those music samples. Results demonstrated that ANL for music tended to be better than ANL for twelve-talker babble, indicating listeners
were more willing to accept music as a background noise than speech babble. The results further demonstrated that ANL for the music samples were not correlated with preference for the music samples, indicating that ANL for music was not related to music preference. Therefore, music appeared
to be processed differently as a background noise than twelve-talker babble. Un nivel aceptable de ruido (ANL) esta definido como el máximo nivel de ruido de fondo que un individuo esta dispuesto a aceptar mientras escucha el lenguaje. El tipo de ruido de fondo no afecta el ANL, con
la posible excepción de la música (Nabelek y col., 1991). El propósito de este estudio fue determinar si el ANL para la música era diferente del ANL ante un balbuceo de doce hablantes, e investigar si existía una correlación entre los ANL para muestras
de música, y para la preferencia con respecto a estas muestras de música. Los resultados demostraron que el ANL para la música tendió a ser mejor que el ANL para el balbuceo de doce hablantes, indicando que los sujetos estaban más dispuestos a aceptar la
música como ruido de fondo que el lenguaje en balbuceo. Los resultados además demostraron que el ANL para las muestras de música no correlacionaba con la preferencia para las muestras de música, indicando que los ANL para la música no tenía que ver
con la preferencia musical. Por lo tanto, la música parece procesarse diferente como ruido de fondo que el balbuceo de doce hablantes.
An Update on Professional Education and Clinical Practices in Central Auditory Processing
Authors: Chermak Gail D. , Silva Mary E. , Nye Jeffrey , Hasbrouck Jon , Musiek Frank E.
Published: April 2008

Results of an online questionnaire probing audiologists' professional education and clinical practices in central auditory processing and its disorders are reported. Respondents demonstrated scant knowledge of the efficiency of central auditory tests and procedures; however, they were
rather consistent in reporting more frequent use of tests and procedures they rated as more efficient. Many of the tests and procedures (including electrophysiologic measures) reported as most frequently used are among those cited in the literature as having good sensitivity and specificity.
Respondents recognized the audiologist's treatment responsibilities in the areas of environmental accommodations and assistive listening devices; however, less than half of the respondents judged auditory training to fall within the audiologist's purview. Comparison with a similar study published
in 1998 revealed an increase in respondents' academic preparation in (C)APD, with little change in clinical preparation, and use of a more efficient central auditory test battery. Se reportan los resultados de un cuestionario en línea indagando sobre la educación profesional
y las prácticas clínicas de los audiólogos en cuanto al procesamiento auditivo (central) y sus trastornos. Aquellos que respondieron demostraron un débil conocimiento sobre la eficiencia de las pruebas y procedimientos auditivos centrales; sin embargo, fueron bastante
consistentes en reportar un uso más frecuente de las pruebas y procedimientos que consideraban más eficientes. Muchas de las pruebas y procedimientos (incluyendo las mediciones electrofisiológicas) que se reportaron como más frecuentemente utilizadas, están
entre las que se citan en la literatura como de mejor sensibibilidad y especificidad. Los que responsieron reconocieron las responsabilidades en cuanto a tratamiento por parte del audiólogo, en las áreas de adecuación ambiental y en el uso de dispositivos auditivos de
apoyo. Sin embargo, menos de la mitad de los que respondieron consideraron que el entrenamiento auditivo estaba dentro de las ámbito del audiólogo. La comparación con un estudio similar publicado en 1998 reveló una mejoría en la preparación académica
de los audiológos en (C)APD, con poco cambios en la preparación clínica, y en el uso de una batería mas eficiente de pruebas para audición central.
The Role of Cognition in Age-Related Hearing Loss
Authors: Craik Fergus I.M.
Published: April 2008

The article presents a commentary on the accompanying six papers from the perspective of a cognitive psychologist. Treisman's (1964, 1969) levels of analysis model of selective attention is suggested as a framework within which the interactions between 'bottom-up' auditory factors and
'top-down' cognitive factors may be understood. The complementary roles of auditory and cognitive aspects of hearing are explored, and their mutually compensatory properties discussed. The findings and ideas reported in the six accompanying papers fit well into such a 'levels of processing'
framework, which may therefore be proposed as a model for understanding the effects of aging on speech processing and comprehension. El artículo presenta un comentario sobre los seis trabajos acompañantes desde la perspectiva de un psicólogo de la cognición. Se
sugiere el modelo de Treisman (1964, 1969) de niveles de análisis de la atención selectiva como el marco dentro del cuál las interacciones entre los factores de atención "de abajo hacia arriba" y los factores cognitivos de "de arriba hacia abajo"
pueden ser comprendidos. Se exploran los papeles complementarios de los aspectos auditivos y cognitivos de la audición y se discuten sus mutuas propiedades compensatorias. Los hallazgos e ideas reportados en los seis trabajos acompañantes calzan bien en dicho marco de "niveles
de procesamiento", los que puede, por tanto, ser propuestos como un modelo para comprender el efecto del envejecimiento para el procesamiento y la comprensión del lenguaje.
The Role of Event-Related Brain Potentials in Assessing Central Auditory Processing
Authors: Alain Claude , Tremblay Kelly
Published: April 2008

The perception of complex acoustic signals such as speech and music depends on the interaction between peripheral and central auditory processing. As information travels from the cochlea to primary and associative auditory cortices, the incoming sound is subjected to increasingly more
detailed and refined analysis. These various levels of analyses are thought to include low-level automatic processes that detect, discriminate and group sounds that are similar in physical attributes such as frequency, intensity, and location as well as higher-level schema-driven processes
that reflect listeners' experience and knowledge of the auditory environment. In this review, we describe studies that have used event-related brain potentials in investigating the processing of complex acoustic signals (e.g., speech, music). In particular, we examine the role of hearing loss
on the neural representation of sound and how cognitive factors and learning can help compensate for perceptual difficulties. The notion of auditory scene analysis is used as a conceptual framework for interpreting and studying the perception of sound. La percepción de señales
acústicas complejas, tales como el lenguaje y la música, dependen de la interacción entre el procesamiento auditivo central y periférico. Conforme la información viaja de la cóclea a la corteza auditiva primaria y de asociación, el sonido entrante
se somete un análisis progresivamente más detallado y refinado. Se cree que estos varios niveles de análisis incluyen procesos automáticos de bajo nivel que detectan, discriminan y agrupan los sonidos que son similares en cuanto a los atributos físicos, como
la frecuencia, la intensidad y la localización, así como procesos dirigidos por esquemas de más alto nivel, que reflejan la experiencia y el conocimiento del sujeto del ambiente auditivo. En esta revisión, describimos estudios que han utilizado potenciales cerebrales
relacionados con el evento, para investigar el procesamiento de señales acústicas complejas (p.e., lenguaje, música). En particular, examinamos el papel de las pérdidas auditivas sobre la representación neural del sonido y de cómo los factores cognitivos
y el aprendizaje pueden ayudar a compensar las dificultades perceptivas. La noción de un análisis de la escena auditiva se utiliza como un marco conceptual, para interpretar y estudiar la percepción del sonido.
Recognition of Speech in Noise with New Hearing Instrument Compression Release Settings Requires Explicit Cognitive Storage and Processing Capacity
Authors: Foo Catharina , Rudner Mary , Rönnberg Jerker , Lunner Thomas
Published: April 2008

Evidence suggests that cognitive capacity predicts the ability to benefit from specific compression release settings in non-linear digital hearing instruments. Previous studies have investigated the predictive value of various cognitive tests in relation to aided speech recognition
in noise using compression release settings that have been experienced for a certain period. However, the predictive value of cognitive tests with new settings, to which the user has not had the opportunity to become accustomed, has not been studied. In the present study, we compare the predictive
values of two cognitive tests, reading span and letter monitoring, in relation to aided speech recognition in noise for 32 habitual hearing instrument users using new compression release settings. We found that reading span was a strong predictor of speech recognition in noise with new compression
release settings. This result generalizes previous findings for experienced test settings to new test settings, for both speech recognition in noise tests used in the present study, Hagerman sentences and HINT. Letter monitoring, on the other hand, was not found to be a strong predictor of
speech recognition in noise with new compression release settings. La evidencia sugiere que la capacidad cognitiva predice la habilidad de beneficiarse de ajustes específicos de liberación de la compresión en instrumentos auditivos digitales no lineales. Estudios previos
han investigado el valor de predicción de varias pruebas cognitivas en relación con el reconocimiento amplificado del lenguaje en medio de ruido utilizando ajustes de liberación de la compresión que han sido experimentados por un cierto período de tiempo.
Sin embargo, el valor de predicción de la pruebas cognitivas con los nuevos ajustes, donde le usuario no ha tenido la oportunidad de acostumbrarse, no ha sido estudiado. En el presente estudio, comparamos el valor de predicción de dos pruebas cognitivas, lapso de lectura y monitoreo
de letras, en relación con el reconocimiento amplificado del lenguaje en medio de ruido, para 32 usuarios habituales de dispositivos auditivos, usando nuevos ajustes de liberación de la compresión. Este resultado generaliza hallazgos previos para ajustes de prueba en sujetos
con experiencia, pasados a nuevos ajustes, tanto para pruebas de reconocimiento de lenguaje en medio de ruido usadas en este estudio, como para frases de Hagerman y HINT. El monitoreo de letras, por otro lado, no se ha visto que sea un fuerte elemento de predicción para el reconocimiento
del lenguaje en medio de ruido con nuevos ajustes de liberación de la compresión.
Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions
Authors: Negley Candice , Katbamna Bharti , Crumpton Teresa , Lawson Gary D.
Published: April 2008

This study measured distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and DPOAE input/output (I/O) curves to assess the effects of smoking on cochlear function. Twenty-four healthy adults, 12 smokers and 12 nonsmokers in the 20–30 years age range were selected based on self-reported
histories of five to eight years of smoking or no smoking, respectively. All subjects received tympanometric screening to rule out middle ear pathology. Conventional (0.25–8 kHz) and ultra high frequency (UHF; 10–20 kHz) audiometry showed normal or age-appropriate thresholds across
both groups. DPOAE results showed small, but significant, decline in DPOAE levels without concomitant changes in noise floors in smokers as compared to nonsmokers. I/O detection thresholds were also significantly elevated at high frequencies in smokers as compared to their nonsmoking counterparts.
These findings indicate that smokers are at greater risk for cochlear damage than nonsmokers, and that DPOAE amplitudes and I/O detection thresholds may identify early changes in cochlear function in smokers. Este estudio midió las emisiones otoacústicas por productos de distorsión
(DPOAES) y las curvas de ingreso/salida (I/O) de las DPOAE para evaluar los efectos del fumado sobre la función coclear. Veinticuatro adultos, 12 fumadores y 12 no fumadores, en el rango de edad de 20 a 30 años, fueron seleccionados con base en sus historia auto-reportadas de
fumado o no fumado en los últimos 5–8 años, respectivamente. Todos los sujetos se sometieron a un tamizaje timpanométrico para descartar patología del oído medio. La audiometría convencional (0.25–8 kHz) y la de ultra-alta frecuencia (UHF,
10–20 kHz) mostraron umbrales normales o apropiados para la edad en ambos grupos. Los resultados de las DPOAE mostraron una caída pequeña pero significativa en los niveles de las DPOAE en los fumadores comparado con los no fumadores, sin cambios concomitantes en el piso
de ruido. Los umbrales I/O de detección también estuvieron significativamente elevados en las altas frecuencias en los fumadores, comparado con sus contrapartes no fumadores. Estos hallazgos indican que los fumadores tienen un mayor riesgo de daño coclear que los no fumadores,
y que las amplitudes de las DPOAE y los umbrales I/O de detección pueden identificar cambios tempranos en la función coclear de los fumadores.
Development of an Instrument to Evaluate Audiologic Counseling Skills
Authors: English Kris , Naeve-Velguth Susan , Rall Eileen , Uyehara-Isono June , Pittman Andrea
Published: April 2008

This study describes the development of an instrument designed to evaluate audiologic counseling skills. In simulated counseling sessions, a trained actor portrayed a parent, and ten graduate audiology students role-played counseling sessions as audiologists informing the “parent”
that her infant has a hearing loss. The ten sessions were videotaped, and three raters viewed the taped sessions while evaluating counseling skills with a new evaluation tool, the Audiologic Counseling Evaluation (ACE). The ACE was found to have excellent internal reliability (α = .91)
and moderate-to-good inter-rater reliability. Raters' subjective evaluations of the tool were generally positive, and students' evaluations of the simulated counseling experience were overwhelmingly so. This instrument can be used by audiology faculty and clinical instructors to help students
improve their counseling skills before interacting with parents. It can also be used in clinical settings for professional development by way of self- and peer-evaluation. Este estudio describe el desarrollo de un instrumento designado para la evaluación las destrezas en la consejería
audiológica. En sesiones simuladas de consejería, un actor entrenado actuó como un progenitor, y 10 estudiantes graduados de audiología actuaron en dichas sesiones como audiólogos que informaban al "padre" que su niño tenía una pérdida
auditiva. Las 10 sesiones fueron filmadas en video, y tres observadores calificaron las sesiones grabadas en tanto que evaluaban las destrezas de consejería con una nueva herramienta de evaluación, la Evaluación de Consejería Audiológica (ACE). Se encontró
que la ACE tenía una excelente confiabilidad interna (α = .91) y una confiabilidad moderada a buena entre los evaluadores. Las evaluaciones subjetivas de la herramienta por parte de los jueces fueron positivas, y también las evaluaciones de los estudiantes simulando la
experiencia de consejería. Este instrumento puede ser utilizado por profesores de audiología y por instructores clínicos para ayudar a los estudiantes a mejorar sus destrezas de consejería antes de interactuar con los padres. Puede utilizarse en situaciones clínicas
para desarrollo profesional por medio de auto-evaluaciones y evaluaciones entre estudiantes.
Speech and Music Quality Ratings for Linear and Nonlinear Hearing Aid Circuitry
Authors: Davies-Venn Evelyn , Souza Pamela , Fabry David
Published: April 2008

This study evaluated quality ratings for speech and music stimuli processed using peak clipping (PC), compression limiting (CL), and wide-dynamic range compression (WDRC) hearing aid circuitry. Eighteen listeners with mild-to-moderate hearing loss were binaurally fitted with behind-the-ear
(BTE) hearing aids and instructed to rate the quality of speech under various conditions in quiet and noise and two genres of music. Results for speech revealed a slight preference for WDRC at 80 dB SPL, and equivalent ratings for the three circuits under all other listening conditions. Music
ratings revealed a marginally significant preference for WDRC and a preference for classical over popular music. For music, judgments on pleasantness were the most influential on overall circuit preference. Este estudio evalúa estimaciones de calidad para estímulos de lenguaje
y música procesados usando corte de picos (PC), limitación de la compresión (CL) y compresión de rango dinámico amplio (WDRC) en los circuitos del auxiliar auditivo. Dieciocho sujetos con hipoacusia leve a moderada fueron adaptados binauralmente con auxiliares
auditivos retroauriculares (BTE) e instruidos para juzgar la calidad del lenguaje bajo varias condiciones de silencio y ruido, y la de dos géneros de música. Los resultados para el lenguaje revelaron una ligera preferencia para el WDRC a 80 dB SPL, y estimaciones equivalentes
para los tres circuitos en las otras condiciones de escucha. Las estimaciones para la música revelaron una preferencia marginalmente significativa para el WDRC y una preferencia para la música clásica por encima de la popular. Para la música, los juicios de agradabilidad
fueron los que más influyeron en la preferencia global de los circuitos.
Effect of Frequency Boundary Assignment on Speech Recognition with the Nucleus 24 ACE Speech Coding Strategy
Authors: Fourakis Marios S. , Hawks John W. , Holden Laura K. , Skinner Margaret W. , Holden Timothy A.
Published: April 2008

The choice of frequency boundaries for the analysis channels of cochlear implants has been shown to impact the speech perception performance of adult recipients (Skinner et al, 1995; Fourakis et al, 2004). While technological limitations heretofore have limited the clinical feasibility
of investigating novel frequency assignments, the SPEAR3 research processor affords the opportunity to investigate an unlimited number of possibilities. Here, four different assignments are evaluated using a variety of speech stimuli. All participants accommodated to assignment changes, and
no one assignment was significantly preferred. The results suggest that better performance can be achieved using a strategy whereby (1) there are at least 7-8 electrodes allocated below 1000 Hz, (2) the majority of remaining electrodes are allocated between 1100 - 3000 Hz, and (3) the region
above 3 kHz is represented by relatively few electrodes (i.e., 1-3). The results suggest that such frequency assignment flexibility should be made clinically available. La escogencia de límites de frecuencia para los canales de análisis de los implantes cocleares se ha visto
que impacta el desempeño en la percepción del lenguaje de adultos implantados (Skinner y col, 1995; Fourakis y col, 2004). Mientras que las limitaciones tecnológicas hasta este momento han restringido la factibilidad clínica de investigar nuevas asignaciones de
frecuencia, el procesador experimental SPEAR3 ofrece la oportunidad de investigar un número ilimitado de posibilidades. Aquí, se evalúan cuatro asignaciones diferentes utilizando una variedad de estímulos de lenguaje. Todos los participantes se acomodaron a los
cambios de asignación y ninguna asignación tuvo una preferencia significativa. Los resultados sugieren que puede obtenerse un desempeño mejor utilizando una estrategia donde (1) existan al menos 7-8 electrodos colocados por debajo de 1000 Hz, (2) la mayoría de los
electrodos remanentes sean colocados entre 1100 – 3000 Hz, y (3) la región por encima de 3 kHz esté representada por relativamente pocos electrodos (p.e., 1-3). Los resultados sugieren que tal flexibilidad en la asignación de frecuencias debería estar clínicamente
disponible.
New Clicklike Stimuli for Hearing Testing
Authors: Cebulla Mario , Stürzebecher Ekkehard , Elberling Claus , Müller Jochen
Published: April 2008

The click stimulus generally used for newborn hearing screening generates a traveling wave along the basilar membrane, which excites each of the frequency bands in the cochlea, one after another. Due to the lack in synchronization of the excitations, the summated response amplitude
is low. A repetitive click-like stimulus can be set up in the frequency domain by adding a high number of cosines, the frequency intervals of which comply with the desired stimulus repetition rate. Straight-forward compensation of the cochlear traveling wave delay is possible with a stimulus
of this type. As a result, better synchronization of the neural excitation can be obtained so that higher response amplitudes can be expected. The additional introduction of a frequency offset enables the use of a q-sample test for response detection. The results of investigations carried
out on a large group of normal-hearing test subjects have confirmed the enhanced efficiency of this stimulus design. The new stimuli lead to significantly higher response SNRs and thus higher detection rates and shorter detection times. Using band-limited stimuli designed in the same manner,
a “frequency-specific” hearing screening seems to be possible. El estímulo click, generalmente usado para el tamizaje auditivo de recién nacidos, genera una onda viajera a lo largo de la membrana basilar que estimula cada una de las bandas de frecuencia en la cóclea,
una después de la otra. Debido a una falta de sincronización en la estimulación, la amplitud de la respuesta sumada es baja. Se puede establecer un estímulo repetitivo tipo clic en el dominio de frecuencia por medio de la adición de un alto número
de cosenos, los intervalos de frecuencia que cumplen con la tasa deseada de repetición de estímulos. Es posible una compensación directa del retardo en la onda viajera coclear con un estímulo de este tipo. Como resultado, se puede obtener una mejor sincronización
de la excitación neural, por lo que pueden esperarse amplitudes de respuesta mayores. La introducción adicional de una frecuencia que contrarreste permite el uso de una prueba de muestra “q” para detección de la respuesta. Los resultados de investigaciones
realizadas en grandes grupos de sujetos con audición normal han confirmado la eficiencia aumentada de este diseño de estímulo. Los nuevos estímulos llevan a una SNR de respuesta significativamente más alto y por ende, a tasas mayores de detección y
a tiempos menores de detección. Utilizando estímulos de banda limitada diseñados de la misma forma, un tamizaje auditivo frecuenciaespecífico parece posible.
Measuring Middle Ear Admittance in Newborns Using 1000 Hz Tympanometry: A Comparison of Methodologies
Authors: Kei Joseph , Mazlan Rafidah , Hickson Louise , Gavranich John , Linning Ron
Published: April 2008

The present study aimed to compare three measures to estimate middle ear admittance in neonates using 1000 Hz tympanometry. Data were obtained from 36 full-term newborns, aged between 24 and 123 hours, who passed a transient evoked otoacoustic emissions test and assessed using a Madsen
Otoflex impedance meter. The results showed that the mean middle ear admittances obtained by compensating for the susceptance and conductance components at a pressure of 200 daPa and -400 daPa (YCC200 = 1.00 mmho and YCC-400 = 1.24 mmho, respectively) were significantly
greater than that using the traditional baseline compensation method (YBC = 0.65 mmho). Although YCC-400 has attained the highest mean value, it has the lowest test-retest reliability. Hence, the component compensation approach compensated at 200 daPa holds promise as
an alternative method for estimating middle ear admittance in neonates. Further research to evaluate its test performance using clinical decision theory is required to determine its clinical significance. El presente estudio buscó comparar tres medidas de estimar la admitancia del oído
medio en neonatos, utilizando timpanometría de 1000 Hz. Los datos fueron obtenidos de 36 recién nacidos de término, con edades entre las 24 y 123 horas, quienes superaron una prueba de emisiones otoacústicas evocadas por transitorios y evaluados por medio de un
impedanciómetro Madsen Otoflex. Los resultados demostraron que las admitancias medias del oído medio, obtenidas por compensación para los componentes de susceptancia y conductancia a la presión de 200 daPa y a – 400 daPa (YCC200 = 1.00 mmho y YCC-400
= 1.24 mmho, respectivamente) fueron significativamente mayores que aquellas que utilizan el método tradicional de compensación basal (YBC = 0.65 mmho). Aunque YCC-400 ha obtenido los valores medios más altos, tienen la menor confiabilidad test-retest.
Por lo tanto, el enfoque de compensación por componentes, compensado a 200 daPa, luce promisorio como un método alternativo para estimar la admitancia del oído medio en neonatos. Investigaciones adicionales para evaluar su desempeño usando teoría de decisión
clínica se requieren para determinar su significancia clínica.
Pharmacological analysis of inhomogeneous static magnetic field‐induced antinociceptive action in the mouse
Authors: Gyires Klára , Zádori Zoltán S. , Rácz Bernadette , László János
Published: April 2008

The effect of inhomogeneous, 2–754 mT static magnetic field (SMF) on visceral pain elicited by intraperitoneal injection of 0.6% acetic acid (writhing test) was studied in the mouse. Exposure of mice to static magnetic field (permanent NdFeB N50 grade 10 mm × 10 mm cylindrical magnets with alternating poles) during the nociceptive stimulus (0–30 min) resulted in inhibition of pain reaction: the number of writhings decreased from 9 ± 2, 32 ± 4 and 30 ± 3 to 2 ± 0.03, 15 ± 1.6, and 14 ± 1.6, respectively, measured in 0–5th, 6–20th, and 21–30th min following the acetic acid challenge. The pain reaction during the total observation period was reduced by 57% (P < 0.005). The analgesic action induced by SMF was inhibited by subcutaneous administration of naloxone (1 and 0.2 mg kg−1), irreversible µ‐opioid receptor antagonist β‐funaltrexamine (20 mg kg−1) and δ‐opioid receptor antagonist naltrindole (0.5 mg kg−1), but the κ‐opioid receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine (20 mg kg−1) failed to affect the SMF‐induced antinociception. In contrast to the subcutaneous administration, the intracerebroventricularly injected naloxone (10 µg mouse−1) did not antagonize the antinociceptive effect of SMF. The results suggest that acute exposure of mice to static magnetic field results in an opioid‐mediated analgesic action in the writhing test in the mouse. The antinociceptive effect is likely to be mediated by µ and (to a lesser extent) δ‐opioid receptors. Bioelectromagnetics 29:456–462, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and NMR Spectroscopic Investigations of Chair and Twist Conformers of the P2Se82‐ Anion.
Authors: Rotter Christiane , Schuster Michael , Kidik Mustafa , Schoen Oliver , Klapoetke Thomas M. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: KCd2[N(CN)2]5(H2O)4: An Enmeshed Honeycomb Grid.
Authors: Schlueter John A. , Geiser Urs , Funk Kylee A.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Condensed Rare‐Earth Metal‐Rich Tellurides. Extension of Layered Sc6PdTe2‐Type Compounds to Yttrium and Lutetium Analogues and to Y7Te2, the Limiting Binary Member.
Authors: Castro‐Castro Laura M. , Chen Ling , Corbett John D.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enhanced Photoluminescence of Ba2GdNbO6: Eu3+/Dy3+ Phosphors by Li+ Doping.
Authors: Yu C. C. , Liu X. M. , Yu M. , Lin C. K. , Li C. X. , Wang H. , Lin J.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Anisotropy of the Magnetic Properties of CsYbZnSe3.
Authors: Chan George H. , Lee Changhoon , Dai Dadi , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Ibers James A.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Atomic and Vacancy Ordering in Carbide ζ‐Ta4C3‐x (0.28 ≤ x ≤ 0.40) and Phase Equilibria in the Ta—C System.
Authors: Gusev A. I. , Kurlov A. S. , Lipatnikov V. N.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Crystal Structures of the First Rare‐Earth Alkaline‐Earth Selenite Chlorides MNd10(SeO3)12Cl8 (M: Ca and Sr).
Authors: Berdonosov P. S. , Olenev A. V. , Dolgikh V. A. , Lightfoot P.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Investigations of Sol—Gel Derived LiYF4 and LiGdF4 Powders.
Authors: Lepoutre S. , Boyer D. , Potdevin A. , Dubois M. , Briois V. , Mahiou R.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium‐Based Mixed Oxides from a Series of Titanium(IV) Citrate Complexes.
Authors: Deng Yuan‐Fu , Zhang Hua‐Lin , Hong Qi‐Ming , Weng Wei‐Zheng , Wan Hui‐Lin , Zhou Zhao‐Hui
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis, Structural, Raman, and Luminescence Studies of Am[M(CN)2]3×3H2O and Nd[M(CN)2]3×3H2O (M: Ag, Au): Bimetallic Coordination Polymers Containing both Trans‐Plutonium and Transition Metal Elements.
Authors: Assefa Zerihun , Kalachnikova Katrina , Haire Richard G. , Sykora Richard E.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Mono‐, Bi‐, and Tricyclic Carbon Frameworks via Organocatalytic Domino Reactions.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Huettl Matthias R. M. , Raabe Gerhard , Bats Jan W.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(II)‐(S)‐Bisoxazoline and Zinc(II)‐(S)‐Bisoxazoline Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Nitrones with Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Zhu Yong‐Kuan , Liu Bo , You Jun , Wang Yan‐xia
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Passerini Three‐Component Reaction.
Authors: Wang Shi‐Xin , Wang Mei‐Xiang , Wang De‐Xian , Zhu Jieping
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: D‐Glucosamine Derivatives as Ligands in Highly Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylations.
Authors: Bauer T. , Bartoszewicz A.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Generation of (Z)‐Disubstituted Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Salvi Luca , Jeon Sang‐Jin , Fisher Ethan L. , Carroll Patrick J. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold‐ vs. Platinum‐Catalyzed Polycyclizations by O‐Acyl Migration. Solvent‐Free Reactions.
Authors: Fensterbank Louis , et al. et al.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild and Efficient Synthesis of Chloroesters by the Cleavage of Cyclic and Acyclic Ethers Using Bi(NO3)3×5H2O as a Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Suresh V. , Suryakiran N. , Venkateswarlu Y.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Synthesis Route to Functionalized 2‐Alkyn‐1‐ylboronates: Useful Intermediates for the Preparation of α‐Allenic Alcohols.
Authors: Roy Chandra D. , Soundararajan Raman , Brown Herbert C.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Approach to the Synthesis of Oxidized Amides Through Nitrile Hydrozirconation.
Authors: Wan Shuangyi , Green Michael E. , Park Jung‐Hyun , Floreancig Paul E.
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A High‐Yielding, One‐Pot Synthesis of Substituted Ureas from the Corresponding Amines Using Mitsunobu′s Reagent.
Authors: Chaturvedi Devdutt , Mishra Nisha , Mishra Virendra
Published: April 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.