bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epigenetics as a New Frontier in Orthopedic Regenerative Medicine and Oncology
Authors: van Wijnen Andre J. , Westendorf Jennifer J.
Published: April 2019

Skeletal regenerative medicine aims to repair or regenerate skeletal tissues using pharmacotherapies, cell‐based treatments, and/or surgical interventions. The field is guided by biological principles active during development, wound healing, aging, and carcinogenesis. Skeletal development and tissue maintenance in adults represent highly intricate biological processes that require continuous adjustments in the expression of cell type‐specific genes that generate, remodel, and repair the skeletal extracellular matrix. Errors in these processes can facilitate musculoskeletal disease including cancers or injury. The fundamental molecular mechanisms by which cell type‐specific patterns in gene expression are established and retained during successive mitotic divisions require epigenetic control, which we review here. We focus on epigenetic regulatory proteins that control the mammalian epigenome at the level of chromatin with emphasis on proteins that are amenable to drug intervention to mitigate skeletal tissue degeneration (e.g., osteoarthritis and osteoporosis). We highlight recent findings on a number of druggable epigenetic regulators, including DNA methyltransferases (e.g., DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) and hydroxylases (e.g., TET1, TET2, and TET3), histone methyltransferases (e.g., EZH1, EZH2, and DOT1L) as well as histone deacetylases (e.g., HDAC3, HDAC4, and HDAC7) and histone acetyl readers (e.g., BRD4) in relation to the development of bone or cartilage regenerative drug therapies. We also review how histone mutations lead to epigenomic catastrophe and cause musculoskeletal tumors. The combined body of molecular and genetic studies focusing on epigenetic regulators indicates that these proteins are critical for normal skeletogenesis and viable candidate drug targets for short‐term local pharmacological strategies to mitigate musculoskeletal tissue degeneration. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1465–1474, 2019.
Analysis of Trabecular Microstructure and Vascular Distribution of Capital Femoral Epiphysis Relevant to Legg–Calve–Perthes Disease
Authors: Morris William Z , Liu Raymond W , Chen Elena , Kim Harry KW
Published: April 2019

Legg–Calve–Perthes disease is characterized by the capital femoral epiphyseal collapse, which occurs more reliably in the anterior quadrant than the more weight‐bearing lateral quadrant. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a vascular or microstructural predisposition for anterior femoral epiphyseal collapse in Perthes disease. Thirty‐two cadaveric proximal femoral epiphyses from 17 subjects (age 4–14 years old) underwent micro‐computed tomography at 10‐μm resolution. Each quadrant was analyzed for four markers of trabecular architecture: bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular thickness, trabecular separation (TbSp), and trabecular number (TbN). Vascular channels were then mapped in each quadrant, identified by correlating surface topography with cross‐sectional imaging. One‐way analysis of variance revealed an overall difference between quadrants (p < 0.001) in BV/TV, TbN, and TbSp. However, post hoc analysis revealed there was no significant difference between the anterior and lateral quadrants for any of the four markers of trabecular architecture. Vascular channel mapping illustrated a predominance of vessels in the posterior half of the epiphysis compared to the anterior half (8.7 ± 4.0 vs. 3.4 ± 3.1 vascular channels, p < 0.001). The lack of microstructural differences between the anterior and lateral quadrants, and the predominance of vascular channels in the posterior half of the epiphysis with posteriorly‐based medial femoral circumflex and ligamentum teres vessels suggests that the anterior femoral epiphysis may be a relative vascular watershed region, which predisposes it to collapse after the vascular insult of Perthes disease. Clinical significance: Improved understanding of the pathophysiology of anterior femoral epiphyseal collapse may inform future treatments aimed at revascularization. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 37:1784–1789, 2019
Development of superabsorbent soy protein‐based bioplastic matrices with incorporated zinc for horticulture
Authors: Jiménez‐Rosado Mercedes , Perez‐Puyana Victor , Cordobés Felipe , Romero Alberto , Guerrero Antonio
Published: April 2019

BACKGROUND

The use of superabsorbent materials in horticulture has spread recently. These materials, which can retain water and release it as crops need it, have strong advantages such as the efficient use of water in periods of drought. However, these materials are made of synthetic polymers, which present problems of degradability and, sometimes, toxicity. For this reason, the main objective of this work is the development of biodegradable superabsorbent bioplastic (SAB) matrices using a soy protein isolate (SPI) as raw material. Zinc is also incorporated into these bioplastic matrices as an essential micronutrient for plants, to increase their added value.

RESULTS

The incorporation of zinc chelated with 2,2′,2″,2‴‐(Ethene‐1,2‐diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid (Zn EDTA) (a salt with which the micronutrient is incorporated) into soy protein‐based bioplastic matrices improved their superabsorbent capacity and provided a controlled release of water and nutrients to the crops.

CONCLUSIONS

The results show the strong potential for the use of these bioplastic matrices in horticulture as superabsorbent materials that can release nutrients in a controlled manner. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Integrated gate driver circuit technology with IGZO TFT for sensing operation
Authors: Kim In June , Noh Seok , Ban Myung Ho , Son Kimin , Han Inhyo , Shin Hun Ki , Oh Kilhwan , Kim Bumsik , Kang In Byeong
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we propose a new integrated gate driver circuit for random sensing operation of external compensated organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display using oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT). Using this technology, we successfully launched 55‐inch and 65‐inch ultrahigh definition OLED TVs with gate in panel (GIP) circuit. The structure of the existing OLED TVs implemented gate signals through the gate integrated circuits (ICs) attached to the left and right sides of the panel. The structure using the gate IC was inferior to the panel structure using the GIP in terms of process and product design and cost. Thus, we propose a new oxide GIP circuit for OLED TV. Like the previous gate IC model, the proposed GIP circuit successfully implemented the random sensing function during the display operation. This GIP circuit is also designed to overcome the problems caused by the negative Vth characteristics of the oxide device.
Future research on information technology in knowledge management
Authors: Sarka Peter , Heisig Peter , Caldwell Nicholas H.M. , Maier Anja M. , Ipsen Christine
Published: April 2019

Over the past two decades, knowledge management (KM) and the use of information technologies (IT) has attracted increasing interest. IT is widely considered as a vital part of KM, providing means for knowledge creation, sharing, and capture. However, failures of KM in organizational practice are often attributed to an overemphasis of IT. Although KM and IT seem inextricably linked, research still struggles to identify a proper composition of the two. Via input from a global panel of KM experts from academia and practice (n = 222), we identify social software; consumerization (of knowledge); human factors; and the redesign of work, systems, and practices as future key research areas. These are contrasted with review papers proposing research in technologies aimed at supporting KM. On this basis, we present a future research agenda that should enhance the relationship between KM and IT, including their intersection through technology enablers.
Showcasing knowledge: The promotion of knowledge management in a technology‐based organization
Authors: Krause Micheline Guerreiro , Cunha Cristiano José Castro de Almeida , Lapolli Édis Mafra , Dandolini Gertrudes Aparecida
Published: April 2019

This paper aims to investigate how knowledge management is promoted in the practices of a technology‐based organization with the support of the tools and resources of internal marketing and internal communication. We conducted a basic qualitative research with empirical data collected in a large organization in Brazil and analyzed it through the general analytic strategy. The main findings reveal that knowledge management can be promoted and showcased internally by the techniques and approaches of internal marketing and internal communication, in a similar way to an internal advertising agency. However, some key features are not being used systematically, suggesting a lack of vision in its applicability to the internal audience. The results also reveal the lack of functional attribution and of intentional awareness about the promotion of knowledge management targeted to the second generation of knowledge management, more oriented to the creation of knowledge in a technology‐based organization.
Quantifying the temperature dependence of growth rate in marine phytoplankton within and across species
Authors: Barton Samuel , Yvon‐Durocher Gabriel
Published: April 2019

Models of marine biogeochemistry capture the effects of temperature on phytoplankton growth via the monotonic, exponential Eppley coefficient, without considering the physiological or evolutionary processes that underpin this emergent, across‐species temperature response. Here, we investigated both the within‐ and across‐species temperature dependence of growth rate for 18 species of marine phytoplankton. We found that the temperature dependence of growth rate derived across species was lower than the average temperature response within species. This finding supports a “partial compensation” model of thermal adaptation and suggests that adaptation can partially compensate for the underlying thermodynamic effects of temperature on physiological rates observed within species. We also found that thermal tolerance traits (e.g. the optimum temperature for growth) systematically covaried with a host of key functional traits (e.g. cell size, elemental composition). Consequently, turnover in species composition in a warmer ocean, linked to interspecific variability in thermal tolerance traits, could be associated with major shifts in the functional trait composition of marine phytoplankton communities with far reaching implications for ecosystem functioning.
Influence of water column stratification and mixing patterns on the fate of methane produced in deep sediments of a small eutrophic lake
Authors: Vachon Dominic , Langenegger Timon , Donis Daphne , McGinnis Daniel F.
Published: April 2019

Methane (CH4), a potent greenhouse gas, is produced in and emitted from lakes at globally significant rates. The drivers controlling the proportion of produced CH4 that will reach the atmosphere, however, are still not well understood. We sampled a small eutrophic lake (Soppensee, Switzerland) in 2016–2017 for CH4 concentrations profiles and emissions, combined with water column hydrodynamics to investigate the fate of CH4 produced in hypolimnetic sediments. Using a mass balance approach for the periods between April and October of both years, net CH4 production rates in hypolimnetic sediments ranged between 11.4 and 17.7 mmol m−2 d−1, of which 66–88% was stored in the hypolimnion, 13–27% was diffused to the epilimnion, and 6–7% left the sediments via ebullition. Combining these results with a process‐based model we show that water column turbulent diffusivity (K
z) had a major influence on the fate of produced CH4 in the sediments, where higher K
z values potentially lead to greater proportion being oxidized and lower K
z lead to a greater proportion being stored. During fall when the water column mixes, we found that a greater proportion of stored CH4 is emitted if the lake mixes rapidly, whereas a greater proportion will be oxidized if the water column mixes more gradually. This work highlights the central role of lake hydrodynamics in regulating CH4 dynamics and further suggests the potential for CH4 production and emissions to be sensitive to climate‐driven alterations in lake mixing regimes and stratification.
Rigid models of Presburger arithmetic
Authors: Jeřábek Emil
Published: April 2019

We present a description of rigid models of Presburger arithmetic (i.e., ‐groups). In particular, we show that Presburger arithmetic has rigid models of all infinite cardinalities up to the continuum, but no larger.
Gifts as conduits in choice overload environments
Authors: Papadopoulou Niki , Raïes Karine , Mir Bernal Pedro , Woodside Arch G.
Published: April 2019

This study investigates competing for theoretical stances (i.e., choice overload vs. choice cornucopia) and explores how increases in spending occur in high and low choice conditions following receiving promotional gift offers in a service consumption setting. This study includes a nonobtrusive field experiment (n = 200) that includes measured and manipulated variables: purchase versus nonpurchase conditions and size of expenditures. The study's context tests the use of two versus five promotional gift options and two levels of gift value (6 vs. €20). Findings using symmetrical (analysis of variance [ANOVA]) and asymmetrical (fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis [fsQCA]) methods of analysis support the choice overload hypothesis in this unobtrusive field experiment. Also, spending in the high versus low choice condition increased when hotel guests were offered a high‐value gift for using room service. Given the nature of the nonobtrusive field experiment, this study provides valuable information for marketers and consumers regarding the moderating effects of promotional gifts in many option environments. While prior studies explore the conditions of choice cornucopia versus choice overload, to date few or possibly no attempts to identify practical ways of reducing the negative effects of choice overload.
Inverse problem with a time‐integral condition for a fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Lopushanska Halyna , Lopushansky Andriy
Published: April 2019

We find the conditions for the unique solvability of the inverse problem for a time‐fractional diffusion equation with Schwarz‐type distributions in the right‐hand sides. This problem is to find a generalized solution of the Cauchy problem and an unknown space‐dependent part of an equation's right‐hand side under a time‐integral overdetermination condition.
An extended dose–volume model in high dose‐rate brachytherapy – Using mean‐tail‐dose to reduce tumor underdosage
Authors: Morén Björn , Larsson Torbjörn , Carlsson Tedgren Åsa
Published: April 2019

Purpose

High dose–rate brachytherapy is a method of radiotherapy for cancer treatment in which the radiation source is placed within the body. In addition to give a high enough dose to a tumor, it is also important to spare nearby healthy organs [organs at risk (OAR)]. Dose plans are commonly evaluated using the so‐called dosimetric indices; for the tumor, the portion of the structure that receives a sufficiently high dose is calculated, while for OAR it is instead the portion of the structure that receives a sufficiently low dose that is of interest. Models that include dosimetric indices are referred to as dose–volume models (DVMs) and have received much interest recently. Such models do not take the dose to the coldest (least irradiated) volume of the tumor into account, which is a distinct weakness since research indicates that the treatment effect can be largely impaired by tumor underdosage even to small volumes. Therefore, our aim is to extend a DVM to also consider the dose to the coldest volume.

Methods

An improved DVM for dose planning is proposed. In addition to optimizing with respect to dosimetric indices, this model also takes mean dose to the coldest volume of the tumor into account.

Results

Our extended model has been evaluated against a standard DVM in ten prostate geometries. Our results show that the dose to the coldest volume could be increased, while also computing times for the dose planning were improved.

Conclusion

While the proposed model yields dose plans similar to other models in most aspects, it fulfils its purpose of increasing the dose to cold tumor volumes. An additional benefit is shorter solution times, and especially for clinically relevant times (of minutes) we show major improvements in tumour dosimetric indices.
Technical Note: Characterization of technology to detect residual injection site radioactivity
Authors: Knowland Josh , Lipman Samantha , Lattanze Ron , Kingg Jesse , Ryan Kelley , Perrin Steven
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Each year in the United States, approximately 18.5 million nuclear medicine procedures are performed. Various quality control measures are implemented to reduce image errors and improve quantification of radiotracer distribution. However, there is currently no routine or timely feedback about the quality of the radiotracer injection. One potential solution to evaluate the injection quality is to place a topical scintillation sensor near the injection site to record the presence of residual activity. This work investigates a sensor design for identification of injections where the prescribed radioactive activity is not fully delivered into the patient's circulation (an infiltration).

Methods

The sensor consists of a single unshielded bismuth germanate (BGO) crystal (3 mm × 3 mm × 3 mm). Using radioactive sources with gamma energies that span the range commonly used in nuclear medicine, we quantified energy resolution and linearity. Additionally, we computed sensitivity by comparing the calculated incident activity to the activity measured by the sensor. Sensor output linearity was calculated by comparing measured data against the radioactive decay of a source over multiple half‐lives. The sensor incorporates internal temperature feedback used to compensate for ambient temperature fluctuations. We investigated the performance of this compensation over the range of 15°C–35°C.

Results

Energy spectra from four sensors were used to calculate the energy resolution: 67% for 99mTc (141 keV), 67% for 133Ba (344 keV), 42% for 18F (511 keV), and 32% for 137Cs (662 keV). Note that the energy used for 133Ba is a weighted average of the three photon emissions nearest to the most abundant (356 keV). Sensor energy response was linear with a difference of 1%–2% between measured and predicted values. Energy‐dependent detector sensitivity, defined as the ratio of measured photons to incident photons for a given isotope, decreased with increasing photon energy from 55.4% for 99mTc (141 keV) to 3.3% for 137Cs (662 keV). Without compensation, error due to temperature change was as high as 53%. Temperature compensation reduced the error to less than 1.4%. Sensor output linearity was tested to as high as 210 kcps and the maximum magnitude error was 4%.

Conclusions

The performance of the sensor was adequate for identification of excessive residual activity at an injection site. Its ability to provide feedback may be useful as a quality control measure for nuclear medicine injections.
The role of radiation‐induced charge imbalance on the dose‐response of a commercial synthetic diamond detector in small field dosimetry
Authors: Looe Hui Khee , Poppinga Daniela , Kranzer Rafael , Büsing Isabel , Tekin Tuba , Ulrichs Ann‐Britt , Delfs Björn , Vogt Dennis , Würfel Jan , Poppe Björn
Published: April 2019

Purpose

Discrepancy between experimental and Monte Carlo simulated dose–response of the microDiamond (mD) detector (type 60019, PTW Freiburg, Germany) at small field sizes has been reported. In this work, the radiation‐induced charge imbalance in the structural components of the detector has been investigated as the possible cause of this discrepancy.

Materials and methods

Output ratio (OR) measurements have been performed using standard and modified versions of the mD detector at nominal field sizes from 6 mm × 6 mm to 40 mm × 40 mm. In the first modified mD detector (mD_reversed), the type of charge carriers collected is reversed by connecting the opposite contact to the electrometer. In the second modified mD detector (mD_shortened), the detector's contacts have been shortened. The third modified mD detector (mD_noChip) is the same as the standard version but the diamond chip with the sensitive volume has been removed. Output correction factors were calculated from the measured OR and simulated using the EGSnrc package. An adapted Monte Carlo user‐code has been used to study the underlying mechanisms of the field size‐dependent charge imbalance and to identify the detector's structural components contributing to this effect.

Results

At the smallest field size investigated, the OR measured using the standard mD detector is >3% higher than the OR obtained using the modified mD detector with reversed contact (mD_reversed). Combining the results obtained with the different versions of the detector, the OR have been corrected for the effect of radiation imbalance. The OR obtained using the modified mD detector with shortened contacts (mD_shortened) agree with the corrected OR, all showing an over‐response of less than 2% at the field sizes investigated. The discrepancy between the experimental and simulated output correction factors has been eliminated after accounting for the effect of charge imbalance.

Discussions and conclusions

The role of radiation‐induced charge imbalance on the dose–response of mD detector in small field dosimetry has been studied and quantified. It has been demonstrated that the effect is significant at small field sizes. Multiple methods were used to quantify the effect of charge imbalance with good agreement between Monte Carlo simulations and experimental results obtained with modified detectors. When this correction is applied to the Monte Carlo data, the discrepancy from experimental data is eliminated. Based on the detailed component analysis using an adapted Monte Carlo user‐code, it has been demonstrated that the effect of charge imbalance can be minimized by modifying the design of the detector's contacts.
Analysis of the operator splitting scheme for the Cahn‐Hilliard equation with a viscosity term
Authors: Weng Zhifeng , Zhai Shuying , Feng Xinlong
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we consider a second‐order fast explicit operator splitting method for the viscous Cahn‐Hilliard equation, which includes a viscosity term αΔut (α ∈ (0, 1)) described the influences of internal micro‐forces. The choice α = 0 corresponds to the classical Cahn‐Hilliard equation whilst the choice α = 1 recovers the nonlocal Allen‐Cahn equation. The fundamental idea of our method is to split the original problem into linear and nonlinear parts. The linear subproblem is numerically solved using a pseudo‐spectral method, and thus an ordinary differential equation is obtained. The nonlinear one is solved via TVD‐RK method. The stability and convergence are discussed in L2‐norm. Numerical experiments are performed to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method. Besides, a detailed comparison is made for the dynamics and the coarsening process of the metastable pattern for various values of α. Moreover, energy degradation and mass conservation are also verified.
The symbolic meaning of cattle and sheep/goat in the Bronze Age: Faunal inclusions in funerary contexts of South‐Western Iberia
Authors: Costa Cláudia , Bettencourt Ana M.S. , Senra Marta
Published: April 2019

The inclusion of faunal remains in funerary practices is widely documented in Iberian prehistory. For the late prehistory (Neolithic to Bronze Age), there is relatively more data than in earlier periods, with limb segments being very common, and complete animals are rarer. In Bronze Age contexts from South‐Western Iberia, a high percentage of human burials in subterranean chambers (hypogea) are associated with limb bones of cattle (Bos taurus) and sheep/goats (Ovis/Capra), along with other grave goods. Traditionally, this practice is interpreted as the result of rituals of commensality. In this paper, we present a different perspective. Besides commensality, we show that the inclusion of the same species and the same anatomical parts is a highly standardised behaviour. Beyond the tight connection between humans and animals, this pattern also points to a strong symbolism of these domestic species and to symbolic meaning of the anatomical parts themselves.
Grafting of polyaniline by a dynamic inverse emulsion polymerization technique onto reverse osmosis membranes as an antibiofouling agent
Authors: Suckeveriene Ran Y.
Published: April 2019

This study reports on the benefits of an in situ interfacial dynamic inverse emulsion polymerization process under sonication of aniline in the presence of a commercial reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. This polymerization method is simple and much faster (5‐15 min) than systems reported in the literature. During polymerization, the membranes are coated with polyaniline (PANI) as verified by high‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) images and Fourier‐transform‐infrared (FTIR) measurements. A colony‐counting antimicrobial activity test showed that whereas the reference RO membrane developed a large bacterial colony, the polyaniline‐coated RO membrane had no colonies at all. Surface resistivity was the lowest when the pH levels were below 6, which corresponded to the polyaniline‐grafted conductive layer. The membrane flow properties were only modified slightly as a result of the polyaniline grafting, compared with a pristine reference membrane.
Selective attentional biases towards a self‐related facial feature among orthognathic patients
Authors: Kou Hui , Mi Huan , Zhang Lulu , Bi Taiyong , Wang Tao , Chen Hong
Published: April 2019

The present study aimed to determine what kind of face and which area of the face (eyes or mouth) rapidly capture attention among patients with dentomaxillofacial deformities (DDs). In the present experiments, faces were categorized as highly or lowly attractive (HA and LA, respectively) and as a face with dentomaxillofacial deformities (DD face). A dot‐probe task and a change‐detection task were utilized to examine the attentional bias to the faces and facial features, respectively. In Study 1, we found that DD patients showed an attentional bias to DD male faces compared with HA male faces, while controls showed an opposite attentional pattern. In Study 2, we found that patients responded faster to the changes in the mouths of DD male faces than those of HA and LA faces. Moreover, patients paid less attention to the mouths of HA faces than to the region of the eyes, and they paid less attention than did the controls. These results indicated that DD patients selectively directed their attention to DD male faces and the mouths of these faces. These findings were not evident in female faces. Furthermore, patients showed avoidance of the mouths of HA faces regardless of the gender of the faces.
Optimizing 3D printing performance of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene composites with cellulose nanocrystals/silica nanohybrids
Authors: Huang Bai , He Hui , Meng Shuna , Jia Yunchao
Published: April 2019

The preparation of 3D printed products with excellent comprehensive performance is still receiving much attention. Cellulose, the most abundant and green natural polymer, was used in this study to fabricate polymeric composites used for 3D printing. Specifically, novel cellulose nanocrystals/silica nanohybrids (CSNs) were synthesized via the sol–gel method using cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) obtained by hydrolysis of sulfuric acid as raw materials, and the thermostability was significantly improved due to the adsorption of silica (SiO2) on the surface of the CNCs via hydrogen bonding and covalent bonds. Subsequently, the CSNs were used in fused deposition modeling (FDM) with acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS) as the matrix. Unlike ABS/CNC product which shows obvious yellowing, the ABS/CSN product shows a smooth undefiled surface, demonstrating their excellent applicability to high temperature FDM molding. Further, the effect of different silane coupling agents on the mechanical properties was compared and organically modified CSNs (oCSNs) were prepared using KH570 to optimize the dispersion of the filler and the interaction with the matrix. Satisfactorily, the addition of organically modified oCSNs not only does not degrade the fluidity but it also eliminates the warpage of FDM products and improves both layer adhesion and mechanical properties. This study provides a pioneering strategy for the thermal processing applications of CNCs and the modification of FDM products. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
A synthetic double sampling control chart for process mean using auxiliary information
Authors: Haq Abdul , Khoo Michael Boon Chong
Published: April 2019

A control chart is a simple yet powerful tool that is extensively adopted to monitor shifts in the process mean. In recent years, auxiliary‐information–based (AIB) control charts have received considerable attention as these control charts outperform their counterparts in monitoring changes in the process parameter(s). In this article, we integrate the conforming run length chart with the existing AIB double sampling (AIB DS) chart to propose an AIB synthetic DS chart for the process mean. The AIB synthetic DS chart also encompasses the existing synthetic DS chart. A detailed discussion on the construction, optimization, and evaluation of the run length profiles is provided for the proposed control chart. It is found that the optimal AIB synthetic DS chart significantly outperforms the existing AIB Shewhart, optimal AIB synthetic, and AIB DS charts in detecting various shifts in the process mean. An illustrative example is given to demonstrate the implementation of the existing and proposed AIB control charts.
Structural and Vibrational Properties of Crystalline β‐Octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine at High Temperatures: Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Studies
Authors: Xiang Dong , Ji Guangfu , Zhu Weihua
Published: April 2019

We investigated the temperature influence on the structural and vibrational properties of β‐HMX (β‐octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine) by using a combination of ab initio molecular dynamics and density function theory. The results indicate that the lattice constants and unit‐cell volume of HMX do not present obvious temperature effects. Most of the vibrational modes display similar hardening trend under the temperatures, suggesting that the crystal transformation of HMX under heat is through this displacement. The dependence of Infra‐red spectra on the temperature presents red‐shifted and a little decrease in the intensity of lattice vibration. This may suggest that there is a new bond formed or an old bond broken in the system if the temperature is higher than 873 K. The intensity of ratting mode caused by volumetric contraction and Raman are obviously much larger than that of the crystalline HMX at 0 K and the lattice vibrations are blue‐shifted. It demonstrates that the lattice vibrations are much more drastic. It is found that the deformation vibrations of cycle and nitro group are milder at relatively higher temperatures. This suggests that the cycle space becomes small enough to influence the HMX vibrations.
Biocompatible Non‐Toxic Porous Polymeric Materials Based on Carbonate‐ and Phthalate‐Containing Dimethacrylates
Authors: Kovylin Roman S. , Baten'kin Maxim A. , Kulikova Tatyana I. , Egorikhina Marfa N. , Charikova Irina N. , Gusev Sergey A. , Rubtsova Yu. P. , Mlyavykh Sergey G. , Aleynik Diana Ya. , Chesnokov Sergei A. , Fedushkin Igor L.
Published: April 2019

Polymer monolith materials of 2 mm thickness with open interconnected pores were obtained by a visible light induced radical polymerization of carbonate‐ or phthalate containing dimethacrylate in the presence of aliphatic alcohols (60 to 70 wt %) as porogenic additives. Obtained materials absorb water easily and reveal a specific surface area of 3.1 to 21.5 m2 g−1 and a porosity of 55–72%. According SEM data the porous monoliths consist of polymer particles (size up to 1 μm) that form 3D structures with a pore size up to 5 μm for poly(carbonatedimethacrylate) and tens of microns for phthalate‐containing polydimethacrylates. Mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow (MSC‐BM) of the pig were picked out and characterized. The MTT (3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) tests on polymers obtained have shown their non‐cytotoxicity. MSC‐BMs spread out well on the polymeric samples and retained their viability and typical morphology during 7 days. Adhesion and viability of MSCs on the surface of materials were detected by calcein staining. The data obtained indicate that the porous polymers derived from dimethacrylates might be promising for construction of plastics for bone grafting.
Sublattice Energy Cluster Construction for The Enhancement of NIR Photocatalytic Performance of LiYF4: Tm@TiO2
Authors: Chen Yanjie , Zou Liang , Zhang Xinqi , Huang Qingming , Yu Han
Published: April 2019

In this work, a stratagem of improving the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 under NIR irradiation was illustrated by the combination of TiO2 with upconversion (UC) luminescent materials that present high intensity of UV band emission resulted from the sublattice energy clusters in tetragonal LiYF4: Tm UC matrix. The sublattice energy clusters were constructed by doping high concentration Yb3+ into tetragonal LiYF4: Tm. 347 nm emission intensity of Tm3+ were enhanced dramatically with the rising of Yb3+ doping concentration and reached the top while 70% Yb3+ was doped, and the intensity was enhanced about 6.15 times compared with that of the usual 20% Yb3+ doped. After being coated with TiO2, the photocatalytic performance of the complex was enhanced about 2.55 folds compared to P25. XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, UV‐vis and fluorescence spectrum were employed for the systematical investigation of the relationship between structure and performance. This stratagem may be helpful for the design and preparation of photocatalysts and photo sensors.
Studies towards the Synthesis of (+)‐Lochnerine
Authors: Karella Satish , Raghavan Sadagopan
Published: April 2019

The efforts directed towards the stereoselective synthesis of (+)‐lochnerine, a sarpagine alkaloid is disclosed. The synthesis was designed utilizing an intramolecular catalytic hydroamination of an alkene by an oxazolidine, derived in situ from an unsaturated aldehyde, as the key step. The other key steps of the sequence include substrate‐controlled, Lewis acid promoted C3 allylation to secure the C3/C5 syn‐disubstituted product, Kulinkovich and ring‐closing metathesis reactions.
A Fused Benzothiazolo‐Pyrimidine‐Based Chemosensor for Selective Optical Detection of Fe3+ and I− Ions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Patil Nilesh B. , Patil Umesh D. , Patil Prashant A. , Bothra Shilpa , Sahoo Suban K. , Sehlangia Suman , Pradeep Chullikkattil P. , Patil Ashok A. , Patil Samadhan R.
Published: April 2019

A novel fused benzothiazolo‐pyrimidine based optical chemosensor 4‐imino‐2‐methylsulphanyl‐4H‐9‐thia‐1,4a‐diaza‐fluorene‐3‐cabonitrile (BTP‐1) was designed and synthesized efficiently for the selective recognition of Fe3+ and I− ions from the aqueous medium. Sensor BTP‐1 selectively recognizes Fe3+ ions through the quenching of fluorescence emission intensity at 454 nm and I− ions through a hyperchromic shift in UV‐Vis spectra. The recognition of both Fe3+ and I− ions was found free from the interference of other inspected cations and anions, respectively.
Unprecedented Tandem Conjugate Addition/C‐O Ester Migration of α‐Cyano Arylacetates with a Quinone Monoimine
Authors: Jing Yi , Chen Hui , Zhao Si‐Han , Cheng Shao‐Bing , Xu Xiao‐Ying , Yuan Wei‐Cheng , Zhang Xiao‐Mei
Published: April 2019

An unprecedented conjugate addition/C−O ester migration of α‐cyano arylacetates with a quinone monoamine was presented, which allowed for the synthesis of various 2,2‐diarylacetonitriles in moderate to quantitative yields. This method is applicable to a series of α‐cyano arylacetates with different aryl groups. Moreover, in order to demonstrate the synthetic utility of this transformation, 2‐(cyano(phenyl))‐4‐(4‐methylphenylsulfonamido)ethyl carbonate was subjected in hydrogenation to generate a 2,2‐diarylethylcarbamate.
Nucleic Acid–Based Functional Nanomaterials as Advanced Cancer Therapeutics
Authors: Yuan Ye , Gu Zi , Yao Chi , Luo Dan , Yang Dayong
Published: April 2019

Nucleic acid–based functional nanomaterials (NAFN) have been widely used as emerging drug delivery nanocarriers for cancer therapeutics. Considerable works have demonstrated that NAFN can effectively load and protect therapeutic agents, and particularly enable targeting delivery to the tumor site and stimuli‐responsive release. These outstanding performances are due to NAFN's unique properties including inherent biological functions and sequence programmability as well as biocompatibility and biodegradability. In this Review, the recent progress on NAFN as advanced cancer therapeutics is highlighted. Three main cancer therapy approaches are categorized including chemo‐, immuno‐, and gene‐therapy. Examples are presented to show how NAFN are rationally and exquisitely designed to address problems in cancer therapy. The challenges and future development of NAFN are also discussed toward future more practical biomedical applications.
Cooperation between Weimar and Budapest on computational modelling of steel and composite structures
Authors: Duna László , Kövesdi Balázs , Joó Attila László , Seres Noémi , Budaházy Viktor , Kachichian Mansour
Published: April 2019

Dedicated to Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Frank Werner on his 70th birthday

Zusammenarbeit zwischen Weimar und Budapest bei der rechnergestützten Modellierung von Stahl‐ und Verbundkonstruktionen

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die langjährige Zusammenarbeit zwischen der Bauhaus‐Universität Weimar und der Budapester Universität für Technik und Wirtschaft bei der rechnergestützten Modellierung von Tragwerken. Die Zusammenarbeit umfasst verschiedene Elemente der Forschungsaktivitäten, die Entwicklung experimenteller und numerischer modellbasierter Bemessungsmethoden für innovative Tragwerkdetails von Industriehallen, die bilaterale Ausbildung von Studierenden auf verschiedenen Ebenen (BSc, MSc und PhD) sowie die gemeinsame Betreuung von Doktoranden und Gutachten zu Dissertationen. Die fruchtbare Zusammenarbeit ist das Resultat der freundschaftlichen Beziehung von Prof. Frank Werner und Prof. László Dunai, die den überwiegenden Teil der gemeinsamen Forschungs‐ und Lehrtätigkeit organisiert und geleitet haben. Die gemeinsam erarbeiteten Forschungsergebnisse haben den Wissensstand über die Bemessung von Dachtragwerken mit dünnwandigen Profilen für Industriehallen, über die Auslegung von Schubverbindern kaltgeformten Verbundblechen und über die Modellierung zyklischer Plastizität erweitert. Studenten aus Ungarn hatten die Gelegenheit, im Rahmen von durch Prof. Werner organisierten Summer Schools an der Bauhaus‐Universität Weimar zu studieren. Darüber hinaus betreute er zwei ungarische Doktoranden in Weimar, und ein deutscher Doktorand verbrachte einen Forschungsaufenthalt in Budapest unter der Leitung von Prof. Dunai. Der vorliegende Beitrag bietet zu Ehren des 70. Geburtstags von Prof. Frank Werner einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Aktivitäten und Ergebnisse dieser zwei Jahrzehnte währenden Zusammenarbeit. Sie alle befassen sich mit der rechnerischen Modellierung von Stahl‐ und Verbundkonstruktionen.
Neue Turmhaube für die Johanneskirche zu Hanau
Authors: Hunger Hans‐Reinhard
Published: April 2019

Herrn Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Frank Werner zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres gewidmet

Am Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges wurde die Johanneskirche zu Hanau stark beschädigt. Der Wiederaufbau 1956/57 erfolgte ohne die ursprüngliche dreistufige Turmhaube. Dieser unbefriedigende Zustand führte dazu, dass sich engagierte Bürger der Stadt das Ziel gestellt hatten, die alte Silhouette der Kirche wiederherzustellen. Der Beitrag beschreibt die Planung und den Aufbau einer Stahlkonstruktion in Form der alten Haube.
Dehnungsbasierter Ansatz für die schnelle Verzugsermittlung generativ hergestellter Strukturen
Authors: Hildebrand Jörg , Bergmann Jean Pierre
Published: April 2019

Herrn Univ.‐Prof. Dr.‐Ing. habil. Frank Werner zur Vollendung seines 70. Lebensjahres gewidmet

Die generative Fertigung von metallischen Strukturen hat sich in den letzten Jahren stark entwickelt und wird zukünftig ein wichtiges Arbeitsfeld in der Forschung darstellen. Bei den unterschiedlichen Verfahren in der generativen Fertigung ist das Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) für großvolumige metallische Bauteile geeignet. Eine Vielzahl von Komponenten wurde mit diesem Verfahren erfolgreich hergestellt. Eine Herausforderung bei der Herstellung der Strukturen ist die Beherrschung des Verzugs. Eine Temperaturdifferenz zwischen Struktur und aktueller Schweißlage ist in Abhängigkeit vom aufgeschmolzenen Material vorhanden und ein Verzug der Struktur ist möglich. Es wird eine Vorgehensweise in der numerischen Simulation für eine schnelle Ermittlung des Verzugs auf Grundlage eines dehnungsbasierten Ansatzes vorgestellt.
Corrosion propagation in cracked reinforced concrete, toward determining residual service life
Authors: Bezuidenhout Schalk R. , van Zijl Gideon P.A.G.
Published: April 2019

Durability of reinforced concrete (RC) is influenced by cracks, providing paths for ingress of corrosion agents and early corrosion initiation. The corrosion propagation stage has in recent years been the focus of investigation, however, mainly focused on a single crack and reinforcement bar. This study focuses on chloride‐induced corrosion in three reinforcement layouts with a single or two transverse cracks kept at a constant crack width in flexure. The 27 beams were subjected to cyclic ponding with chloride aqueous solution for 36 weeks, and corrosion rate and potential measured weekly. The results indicate that the corrosion rate of RC members is influenced by crack spacing and reinforcement quantity. In current practice, corrosion initiation indicates end of service life. However, corrosion initiation is quick in cracked regions. It is proposed here to base the residual structural service life on the corrosion rate in the propagation phase, and a limit state of a threshold loss of reinforcing steel. In addition, crack spacing and reinforcement density are to be considered in the prediction of residual service life.
Identifying Environmental Cues for Atlantic Sturgeon and Shortnose Sturgeon Spawning Migrations in the Savannah River
Authors: Vine Joshua R. , Holbrook S. Chad , Post William C. , Peoples Brandon K.
Published: April 2019

We investigated environmental cues for spawning migration behavior of Atlantic Sturgeon Acipenser oxyrinchus and Shortnose Sturgeon A. brevirostrum in the lower Savannah River, South Carolina and Georgia, from January 2013 to May 2018. Sturgeon were implanted with acoustic transmitters and detected on an array of 45 stationary receivers located every 5–10 km between Savannah Harbor and the upstream‐most barrier to movement (301 fluvial kilometers). Throughout the study period, we observed six Atlantic Sturgeon attempting nine fall migrations (n = 918 records), four Atlantic Sturgeon attempting eight spring migrations (n = 257 records), and 15 Shortnose Sturgeon attempting 29 spring migrations (n = 3,542 records). Cues for the initiation of migration and upriver movement were species‐specific. We observed significance in the main effects of water temperature, 3‐d lagged temperature, maximum discharge, and 3‐d lagged discharge, as well as in the interaction effect of 3‐d lagged temperature × 3‐d lagged discharge. Water temperature was the primary predictor of sturgeon migrations, which can be used to determine spawning season, but discharge also played a significant role in predicting upriver movement, particularly when high flows began to diminish. Directed flow regulation (e.g., intermittent flood pulsing) during key temperature thresholds may better facilitate the upriver movement of sturgeons and aid in the conservation of these imperiled species.
Inverse anisotropic catalysis in holographic QCD
Authors: Gürsoy Umut , Järvinen Matti , Nijs Govert , Pedraza Juan F.
Published: April 2019

Abstract

We investigate the effects of anisotropy on the chiral condensate in a holographic model of QCD with a fully backreacted quark sector at vanishing chemical potential. The high temperature deconfined phase is therefore a neutral and anisotropic plasma showing different pressure gradients along different spatial directions, similar to the state produced in noncentral heavy-ion collisions. We find that the chiral transition occurs at a lower temperature in the presence of anisotropy. Equivalently, we find that anisotropy acts destructively on the chiral condensate near the transition temperature. These are precisely the same footprints as the “inverse magnetic catalysis” i.e. the destruction of the condensate with increasing magnetic field observed earlier on the lattice, in effective field theory models and in holography. Based on our findings we suggest, in accordance with the conjecture of [1], that the cause for the inverse magnetic catalysis may be the anisotropy caused by the presence of the magnetic field instead of the charge dynamics created by it. We conclude that the weakening of the chiral condensate due to anisotropy is more general than that due to a magnetic field and we coin the former “inverse anisotropic catalysis”. Finally, we observe that any amount of anisotropy changes the IR physics substantially: the geometry is AdS4 × ℝ up to small corrections, confinement is present only up to a certain scale, and the particles acquire finite widths.
Supersymmetric AdS7 and AdS6 vacua and their consistent truncations with vector multiplets
Authors: Malek Emanuel , Samtleben Henning , Camell Valentí Vall
Published: April 2019

Abstract

Using exceptional field theory we construct supersymmetric warped AdS7 vacua of massive IIA and AdS6 vacua of IIB, as well as their consistent truncations including vector multiplets. We show that there are no consistent truncations of massive IIA supergravity around its supersymmetric AdS7 vacua with vector multiplets when the Romans mass is non-vanishing. For AdS6 vacua of IIB supergravity, we find that in addition to the consistent truncation to pure F(4) gauged SUGRA, the only other half-maximal truncations that are consistent result in F(4) gauged SUGRA coupled to one or two Abelian vector multiplets, to three non-Abelian vector multiplets, leading to an ISO(3) gauged SUGRA, or to three non-Abelian plus one Abelian vector multiplet, leading to an ISO(3) × U(1) gauged SUGRA. These consistent truncations with vector multiplets exist when the two holomorphic functions that define the AdS6 vacua satisfy certain differential conditions which we derive. We use these to deduce that no globally regular AdS6 solutions admit a consistent truncation to F(4) gauged SUGRA with two vector multiplets, and show that the Abelian T-dual of the Brandhuber-Oz vacuum allows a consistent truncation to F(4) gauged SUGRA with a single vector multiplet.