bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward a Regional Phosphorus (Re)cycle in the US Midwest
Authors: Margenot Andrew J. , Kitt Dianna , Gramig Benjamin M. , Berkshire Taylor B. , Chatterjee Neha , Hertzberger Allan J. , Aguiar Sammy , Furneaux Aliza , Sharma Navneet , Cusick Roland D.
Published: September 2019

Redirecting anthropogenic waste phosphorus (P) flows from receiving water bodies to high P demand agricultural fields requires a resource management approach that integrates biogeochemistry, agronomy, engineering, and economics. In the US Midwest, agricultural reuse of P recovered from spatially colocated waste streams stands to reduce point‐source P discharges, meet agricultural P needs, and—depending on the speciation of recovered P—mitigate P losses from agriculture. However, the speciation of P recovered from waste streams via its chemical transformation—referred to here as recovered P (rP) differs markedly based on waste stream composition and recovery method, which can further interact with soil and crop characteristics of agricultural sinks. The solubility of rP presents key tensions between engineered P recovery and agronomic reuse because it defines both the ability to remove organic and inorganic P from aqueous streams and the crop availability of rP. The potential of rP generation and composition differs greatly among animal, municipal, and grain milling waste streams due to the aqueous speciation of P and presence of coprecipitants. Two example rP forms, phytin and struvite, engage in distinct biogeochemical processes on addition to soils that ultimately influence crop uptake and potential losses of rP. These processes also influence the fate of nitrogen (N) embodied in rP. The economics of rP generation and reuse will determine if and which rP are produced. Matching rP species to appropriate agricultural systems is critical to develop sustainable and financially viable regional exchanges of rP from wastewater treatment to agricultural end users.

Core Ideas

There is high potential for recovering P (rP) from point sources for agricultural reuse.

rP speciation depends on recovery source and method, interacts with soils and crops.

Engineering, agronomic, and economic considerations of rP are context‐specific.
Modeling the Ecological Impact of Phosphorus in Catchments with Multiple Environmental Stressors
Authors: Glendell Miriam , Palarea‐Albaladejo Javier , Pohle Ina , Marrero Shasta , McCreadie Brian , Cameron Graeme , Stutter Marc
Published: September 2019

The broken phosphorus (P) cycle has led to widespread eutrophication of freshwaters. Despite reductions in anthropogenic nutrient inputs that have led to improvement in the chemical status of running waters, corresponding improvements in their ecological status are often not observed. We tested a novel combination of complementary statistical modeling approaches, including random‐effect regression trees and compositional and ordinary linear mixed models, to examine the potential reasons for this disparity, using low‐frequency regulatory data available to catchment managers. A benthic Trophic Diatom Index (TDI) was linked to potential stressors, including nutrient concentrations, soluble reactive P (SRP) loads from different sources, land cover, and catchment hydrological characteristics. Modeling suggested that SRP, traditionally considered the bioavailable component, may not be the best indicator of ecological impacts of P, as shown by a stronger and spatially more variable negative relationship between total P (TP) concentrations and TDI. Nitrate‐N (p < 0.001) and TP (p = 0.002) also showed negative relationship with TDI in models where land cover was not included. Land cover had the strongest influence on the ecological response. The positive effect of seminatural land cover (p < 0.001) and negative effect of urban land cover (p = 0.030) may be related to differentiated bioavailability of P fractions in catchments with different characteristics (e.g., P loads from point vs. diffuse sources) as well as resilience factors such as hydro‐morphology and habitat condition, supporting the need for further research into factors affecting this stressor–response relationship in different catchment types. Advanced statistical modeling indicated that to achieve desired ecological status, future catchment‐specific mitigation should target P impacts alongside multiple stressors.

Core Ideas

Soluble reactive P (SRP) alone was not the best indicator of diatom response.

Total P (TP) association with diatoms was more spatially variable than SRP.

Nitrate‐N and TP have a combined negative effect on the ecological response.

Seminatural land use had the most important influence on ecological response.

We recommend catchment‐specific mitigation of multiple stressors.
Genomic Selection of Forage Quality Traits in Winter Wheat
Authors: Maulana Frank , Kim Ki‐Seung , Anderson Joshua D. , Sorrells Mark E. , Butler Twain J. , Liu Shuyu , Baenziger P. Stephen , Byrne Patrick F. , Ma Xue‐Feng
Published: September 2019

Phenotyping forage quality traits is time‐consuming in forage wheat breeding. In this study, prediction accuracies of three genomic selection (GS) models (ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction [RRBLUP], Gaussian kernel [GAUSS], and Bayesian LASSO [BL, where LASSO stands for least absolute shrinkage and selection operator]) for forage quality traits of winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) were compared using two genotype sampling methods. In addition, the impact of training population (TP) size and marker density on prediction accuracy was explored. The study was done using a diversity panel (n= 298) that was genotyped using 90K single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and phenotyped for forage quality traits including crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, sugars, lignin content, and in vitro true dry matter digestibility. Generally, the three models produced similar prediction accuracies, which ranged from 0.34 to 0.61, for all traits. The sampling method had little effect on accuracy. Crude protein was one of the traits with the highest prediction accuracy, and it required only 1000 markers to attain its highest prediction accuracy value. Increasing TP size and marker density increased accuracies of all traits, and increasing the TP size was more effective than increasing marker density. For this panel, the optimal TP size (nTP) was 150, at which point prediction accuracies of all traits, except for sugars, reached over 90% of the highest value atnTP= 250. However, the sampling method for marker density had no effect on accuracy. The results suggest that GS can be an alternative approach to facilitate selection of forage quality traits during forage wheat breeding.
Physiological and Yield Characteristics of 18 Sugarcane Genotypes Grown on a Sand Soil
Authors: Zhao Duli , Irey Mike , LaBorde Chris , Hu Chen‐Jian
Published: September 2019

Growth, yield, and yield components of sugarcane (a complex hybrid of Saccharum spp.) are important traits for growers to evaluate cultivars and for scientists to select best genotypes in the breeding and cultivar development programs. Collection of these yield data across genotypes would be labor intensive and time consuming in the early selection stages of the breeding programs with a large number of genotypes. A field experiment was conducted on a sand soil to investigate physiological and yield characteristics of 18 sugarcane genotypes and to determine relationships of leaf relative chlorophyll (SPAD reading), leaf net photosynthetic rate (Pn), and canopy normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) with yield traits, including stalk population, length, diameter, weight, cane yield (tonnes of cane per hectare [TCH]), commercial recoverable sucrose, and sucrose yield (tonnes of sucrose per hectare [TSH]) across genotypes. The NDVI values were calculated based on canopy reflectance in the red (680 nm) and near‐infrared (800 nm) spectra measured using a multispectral radiometer. Among yield traits, stalk population and TCH were most highly correlated with NDVI and/or Pn. Although stalks and TCH were highly and linearly (P < 0.0001) related to NDVI measured in April to August, the best stage of measuring NDVI for yield assessment in Florida across genotypes was during tillering and early grand growth (before canopy closure). Therefore, measurements of NDVI before canopy closure could be useful for predicting plant growth and yield potential across genotypes in cultivar selection programs and used as an agronomic management tool in sugarcane production.
Using Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems for Early Detection of Drought Stress in Turfgrass
Authors: Hong Mu , Bremer Dale J. , van der Merwe Deon
Published: September 2019

Recent advances in small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) and sensors may improve accuracy and efficiency in turfgrass research and management compared with conventional methods. We evaluated the ability of sUAS combined with ultra‐high spatial resolution remote sensing to detect early drought stress. Results were compared with ground‐based techniques in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera L.) irrigated at different levels from well‐watered to severe deficit (100 to 15% evapotranspiration [ET] replacement). Small UAS‐based measurements with a modified digital camera included three reflectance bands (near infrared [NIR, 680–780 nm] and overlapping green [G] and blue [B] bands [400–580 nm]) and eight derived vegetation indices (VIs). Ground‐based measurements included soil volumetric water content (VWC), turfgrass quality (TQ), green cover (GC), soil temperature (Tsoil), and reflectance with handheld optical sensors. Declines in VWC in deficit‐irrigation treatments were detected with NIR and six of eight VIs from sUAS, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and red band reflectance from a handheld sensor, before symptoms appeared in TQ and GC. The most consistently sensitive parameters of sUAS throughout the 3‐yr study were NIR and GreenBlue VI [(G − B)/(G + B)], which detected drought stress >5 d before decreases in TQ. Results indicate that ultra‐high spatial resolution remote sensing with sUAS detected drought stress before it was visible to a human observer and could be valuable for improving irrigation management in turfgrass.
Greater Anatomical Differences of Pod Ventral Suture in Shatter‐Susceptible and Shatter‐Resistant Soybean Cultivars
Authors: Tu Bingjie , Liu Changkai , Wang Xue , Li Yansheng , Zhang Qiuying , Liu Xiaobing , Herbert Stephen J.
Published: September 2019

Fruit dehiscence or seed dispersion is an essential process in the proliferation of wild plants, but it is one of the major factors leading to significant yield losses in domesticated soybean. The ventral suture is critical to pod dehiscence in soybean. To better understand the anatomy of the ventral suture in the soybean pod, we compared the dehiscence zone (DZ) and vascular bundle anatomical structure of the ventral suture using three shatter‐susceptible soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars and three shatter‐resistant soybean cultivars, which had been evaluated from 140 cultivars over two growing seasons. We found that shatter‐susceptible cultivars, in the cross‐sections of ventral sutures, had a larger vascular bundle area and bundle cap area. The cells of bundle caps in shatter‐susceptible cultivars were even in shape and arranged more closely with less interstitial substance. There was a significantly shorter and straight route from the top of fiber cap cells to the connecting point of the two valves of the pod ventral suture in shatter‐susceptible cultivars than in shatter‐resistant soybean cultivars. Our findings suggest that the route from the top of fiber cap cells to the connecting point of the two valves, the vascular bundle area, the bundle cap area, and the cell arrangement in the bundle cap might be a partial mechanism involved in pod dehiscence of soybean.
Sulfur Species Formed in the Seed Row of Sulfur‐Fertilized Soils as Revealed by K‐Edge X‐ray Absorption Near‐Edge Structure Spectroscopy
Authors: Kar Gourango , Schoenau Jeff J. , Gillespie Adam W. , Dhillon Gurbir Singh , Peak Derek
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas

Knowledge of the S fertilizer reaction products is important for understanding the behavior and efficacy of S fertilizers in soils.

Sulfur K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy is a useful tool for identifying the soil S species formed following application of different fertilizer forms under field conditions.

Knowledge of S fertilizer reaction products following application is needed to predict the ability of different fertilizer forms to provide sufficient plant‐available S to crops. K‐edge X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy and wet chemical analysis techniques were used to identify the soil S species formed week to months after fertilization in the field on Brown Chernozem and Black Chernozem soils in Saskatchewan, Canada. The S fertilizer forms were ammonium sulfate, liquid ammonium thiosulfate, gypsum, elemental S, and a zero‐S control treatment. Treatments were applied at seeding at 20 kg S ha−1. Sulfur as ammonium sulfate, ammonium thiosulfate, and gypsum increased the extractable SO4–S in the seed row 1 wk after application; thereafter, it decreased through plant uptake and runoff. For all fertilizers, total S concentration in the seed row increased after application and decreased over time. The XANES results showed that the highly oxidized sulfate form of S was dominant (45–55%) in ammonium sulfate‐ and gypsum‐treated soils 1 wk following application. Thereafter, the proportion as sulfate decreased over time while the reduced and intermediate S forms increased. The proportion of reduced S was highest in the elemental S and ammonium thiosulfate treatments and the proportion in oxidized forms increased from Week 1 to Week 8. Overall, the highly oxidized fertilizer S forms applied (sulfates) transformed to intermediate and reduced S species via immobilization and reduction processes, whereas the highly reduced forms (e.g., elemental S) underwent some oxidation as reduced S decreased and highly oxidized sulfate increased.
Water Table Impacts on Wastewater Storage around Onsite Drainfield Trenches: Evaluation by Model Simulation
Authors: West Larry T. , Brye Kristofor R.
Published: September 2019

Core Ideas

Water storage volume is important for loading rates of on‐site wastewater systems.

HYDRUS (2D/3D) was used to model the slope of the effluent surface away from a trench.

Modeled slopes confirm field observations across conductivity classes and soils.

Arkansas uses a unique system for determining effluent loading rates for onsite wastewater systems based on wastewater storage in unsaturated soil above a seasonal water table. Evaluation of the soil volume available for storage relies on estimates of the slope of the effluent plume away from the trench, which has rarely been evaluated in the field. The objectives of this study were (i) to evaluate the simulated effluent slope for select soils in different hydraulic conductivity classes and with different seasonal water table depths, and (ii) to illustrate the utility of using model simulations to evaluate regulatory parameters established with limited measured data. The geometry of the effluent surface was evaluated by simulation of wastewater input and effluent movement with the HYDRUS (2D/3D) two‐dimensional model. Nine soils mapped in Arkansas and in varying hydraulic conductivity classes were used. For each soil, initial seasonal water tables were established at target depths of ∼40, 60, and 100 cm. Limited lateral spread of effluent resulted in effluent slopes that increased proportionately to water‐table depth. Averaged across water‐table depths, the mean slope of the effluent surface was 16, 15, and 29% for soils in the high, moderate, and low hydraulic conductivity classes, respectively. Model‐simulated slopes for soils in moderate and low conductivity classes were lower than those currently assumed for calculation of effluent storage volume. The differences were small, however, and regulatory storage volumes result in appropriately conservative loading rates that minimize the risk of failure due to effluent surfacing in the drainfield area.
ENTRE A ESPETACULARIZAÇÃO DA VIDA COTIDIANA E O PRAGMATISMO DA CLASSE TRABALHADORA
Authors: Hertzog Lucas
Published: September 2019

Exploramos neste artigo argumentos teóricos que nos auxiliam a compreender as características subjetivas mobilizadas na produção de vídeos para YouTube. A crescente espetacularização da vida cotidiana é percebida no contexto de produção de conteúdos como novas relações de trabalho que se desenvolvem mediadas por tecnologias digitais. A criação de diários extimos é tomada como estratégia pragmática da classe trabalhadora, um processo de reconfiguração subjetiva que ocorre na mobilização de personalidades como estruturas vinculantes da produção de valor na era da superexposição da intimidade. Ao invés de trilharmos o caminho das críticas que relacionam a proliferação de conteúdos amadores com um suposto declínio cultural,  buscamos explorar essa expansão como um dado empírico que ilumina fenômenos sociais constituintes do capitalismo flexível, no qual os trabalhadores são cada vez mais instados a empreender, utilizar novas tecnologias digitais e se expor através de um processo de monetização de suas imagens, vozes, gestos, ideias e práticas veiculadas nos vídeos. Tal instrumentalização das subjetividades em prol da produção de valor é investigada à luz das teorias de Charles Taylor, David Riesman, Byung-Chul Han e Paula Sibília. Concluímos que os estudos em sociologia digital se beneficiam da articulação teórica com os autores apresentados e que explorações entre a sociologia digital e a sociologia do trabalho revelam uma promissora agenda de pesquisas.
Políticas Públicas e Questões de Implementação
Authors: Oliveira Raiana Marjorie Amaral , Ferreira Maria Aparecida dos Santos
Published: September 2019

O trabalho é resultado da resenha da obra Implementação de políticas públicas: questões sistêmicas, federativas e intersetoriais, publicada pela Escola Nacional de Administração Pública - Enap, em 2018. A resenha apresenta a obra, organizada por Daniel Ximenes, composta por seis capitulos que abordam a implemtenação de políticas públicas numa perspectiva contextualizada, através de estudos e relatos de experiências.
Entrevista com David J. Gunkel
Authors: Galeno Alex , França Fagner
Published: September 2019

Em sua página na internet, David J. Gunkel, professor no Departamento de Comunicação da Northern Illinois University, nos Estados Unidos, aparece de óculos escuros segurando um enigmático cartaz onde se lê  "Robot Rights Now”. Mundialmente reconhecido pelos seus estudos em tecnologia da comunicação e informação a partir de uma abordagem ética e filosófica, Gunkel é autor de aproximadamente 50 artigos científicos e sete livros sobre as questões colocadas pelos avanços tecnológicos na sociedade contemporânea. Ultimamente tem dedicado sua atenção ao fenômeno que chama de “invasão de robôs” em nossa vida cotidiana. “As máquinas agora estão em todos os lugares e fazendo virtualmente de tudo:  "conversamos com elas online, jogamos games digitais, colaboramos com elas no trabalho ou confiamos em suas capacidades de gerenciar vários aspectos de nossa vida complexa crescentemente orientada por dados”, afirma. Não se trata de uma projeção de ficção científica, mas algo que já está acontecendo. Em uma de suas mais conhecidas obras, The Machine Question (MIT Press, 2012), reflete sobre a possibilidade de atribuirmos responsabilidades morais às máquinas criadas por nós, principalmente por sua capacidade de interferir cada vez mais nos destinos da humanidade: “há máquinas aprendendo sistemas que  são intencional e deliberadamente fabricados para fazer coisas que não são capazes de serem completamente controladas por seus designers, programadores ou usuários humanos”, constata. Na entrevista a seguir, inédita no Brasil, David Gunkel nos convida a pensar sobre os diversos aspectose dilemas (éticos, morais, intelectuais, afetivos) envolvidos em nossa relação doravante incontornável e cada vez mais profunda com as máquinas, robôs e a inteligência artificial.
DINÂMICAS E DILEMAS DA AGRICULTURA EMPRESARIAL NA FRONTEIRA AGRÍCOLA PIAUIENSE
Authors: Silva Antonio Joaquim da
Published: September 2019

Este artigo pretende analisar o contexto de reorganização do espaço em Uruçuí, a fim de revelar dinâmicas, estratégias e interesses de reprodução da agricultura empresarial no cerrado piauiense. Uruçuí destaca-se por ser pioneiro em abrigar empresas de agronegócios no Piauí, o que possibilita entender a intensidade das transformações socioespaciais ocasionadas pela agricultura empresarial. A metodologia do estudo se embasou nas pesquisas bibliográfica, documental e levantamento, sendo esta alicerçada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com três empreendimentos graníferos do município. Concluiu-se que a difusão da agricultura empresarial em Uruçuí organizava-se em redes técnicas caracterizadas pelo uso intensivo de capital, tecnologia e informação, marcadas por ações de políticas públicas federal e estadual, cujas benesses contribuíram para a constituição de um rentável mercado de terras orientado pelo preço da soja nos mercados doméstico e global, o que acentuou a concentração fundiária e a subordinação dos trabalhadores da agricultura familiar tradicional.
Nanostructured Modulators of Neuroglia
Authors: Maysinger Dusica , Ji Jeff
Published: September 2019

Biological and synthetic nanostructures can influence both glia and neurons in the central nervous
system. Neurons represent only a small proportion (about 10%) of cells in the brain, whereas glial cells are the
most abundant cell type. Non-targeted nanomedicines are mainly internalized by glia, in particular microglia, and
to a lesser extent by astrocytes. Internalized nanomedicines by glia indirectly modify the functional status of
neurons. The mechanisms of biochemical, morphological and functional changes of neural cells exposed to
nanomedicines are still not well-understood. This minireview provides a cross-section of morphological and
biochemical changes in glial cells and neurons exposed to different classes of hard and soft nanostructures.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Azole Functionalized Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s for Antibacterial and Anticandidal Activity
Authors: Rehman Suriya , Gunday Seyda T. , Alsalem Zainab H. , Bozkurt Ayhan
Published: September 2019

Background:

Presently, rise in the infectious diseases and subsequent development of drug
resistance, is a global threat to human health. However, much efforts are being made by scientists, to develop
novel antimicrobials, and also to improve the efficacy of available drugs, in order to combat the lifethreatening
infections.

Objective:

Synthesis and characterization of azole functional polymer systems for antimicrobial applications.

Materials and Methods:

Poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA), was produced by free radical polymerization
of the monomer, glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Different azole functional PGMAs were produced, through
chemical modification with imidazole (Im), 1H-1,2,4-triazole (Tri) and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATri), to get
PGMA-Imi, PGMA-Tri and PGMA-ATri, respectively. The structure was confirmed by Fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal properties were investigated by Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA),
and surface morphology was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Newly synthesized derivatives
were further explored, for their antibacterial and anticandidal activities.

Results:

All the three synthesized and characterized derivatives, displayed a significant activity against the
tested microorganisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal/fungicidal
concentration (MBC/MFC), recorded against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), was 0.5 &1mg/ml for
PGMA-Imi, followed by PGMA-ATri & PGMA-Tri, respectively, followed by E. coli with, 1 & 2 mg/ml, 4
& 8 mg/ml, 4& 8 mg/ml, respectively, whereas the maximum MIC & MFC was recorded against C. albicans
i.e., 8 & 16 mg/ml, 4 & 8 mg/ml ,4 & 8 mg/ml for PGMA-ATri, PGMA-Tri, PGMA-Imi, respectively.

Conclusion:

In the present work, we report on the state-of-the-art, azole functional polymer systems for
antimicrobial applications. These findings suggest that the synthesized azole functional polymer films have
antimicrobial properties, which could be potential candidates for coating applications in the biomedical and
wastewater treatment field.
C/EBPα Regulates FOXC1 to Modulate Tumor Growth by Interacting with PPARγ in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Zhuo , Meng Shao-Hua , Bai Jian-Guo , Sun Chao , Zhao Li-Li , Tang Rui-Feng , Yin Zhao-Lin , Ji Jun-Wei , Yang Wei , Ma Guang-Jun
Published: September 2019

Background:

Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) is an important cancer-associated gene in tumor.
PPAR-γ and C/EBPα are both transcriptional regulators involved in tumor development.

Objective:

We aimed to clarify the function of PPAR-γ, C/EBPα in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
and the relationship of PPAR-γ, C/EBPα and FOXC1 in HCC.

Methods:

Western blotting, immunofluorescent staining, and immunohistochemistry were used to
evaluate protein expression. qRT-PCR was used to assess mRNA expression. Co-IP was performed
to detect the protein interaction. And ChIP and fluorescent reporter detection were used to determine
the binding between protein and FOXC1 promoter.

Results:

C/EBPα could bind to FOXC1 promoter and PPAR-γ could strengthen C/EBPα’s function.
Expressions of C/EBPα and PPAR-γ were both negatively related to FOXC1 in human HCC tissue.
Confocal displayed that C/EBPα was co-located with FOXC1 in HepG2 cells. C/EBPα could bind to
FOXC1 promoter by ChIP. Luciferase activity detection exhibited that C/EBPα could inhibit
FOXC1 promoter activity, especially FOXC1 promoter from -600 to -300 was the critical binding
site. Only PPAR-γ could not influence luciferase activity but strengthen inhibited effect of C/EBPα.
Further, the Co-IP displayed that PPAR-γ could bind to C/EBPα. When C/EBPα and PPAR-γ were
both high expressed, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony information were inhibited
enormously. C/EBPα plasmid combined with or without PPAR-γ agonist MDG548 treatment exhibited
a strong tumor inhibition and FOXC1 suppression in mice.

Conclusion:

Our data establish C/EBPα targeting FOXC1 as a potential determinant in the HCC,
which supplies a new pathway to treat HCC. However, PPAR-γ has no effect on FOXC1 expression.
Voltammetric Method Development for Itopride Assay in a Pharmaceutical Formulation
Authors: Amro Abdulaziz N.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Itopride used for the gastrointestinal symptoms caused by reduced gastrointestinal
mobility. For the first time rapid, low cost and green voltammetric method has been applied to
analyze itopride in pharmaceutical formulation.

Method:

Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), Square Wave Voltammetry
(SWV) and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) methods have been applied in this study.

Results:

Na2SO4 (1M) supporting electrolyte exhibited sharper anodic peak current than other used
supporting electrolytes; glassy carbon electrode (GC) working electrode shows better results than platinum
electrode (Pt). SWV results show the lowest limit of detection and quantitation values of 2.3 and
18.1 μg.mL-1, respectively. SWV recovery is 100.56% and 100.46% for 50 μg.mL-1 and 100 μg.mL-1
of commercially available itopride tablets, respectively. Furthermore, SWV inter and intraday results
precessions are better than other used methods with 0.96 and 0.56% RSD, respectively.

Conclusion:

The optimum method of applied methods in this study is SWV method. Voltammetry
showed low LOD and LOQ values with high accuracy and precession in addition to comparable repeatability
and reproducibility values.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Exosomes: Promising Therapeutics for Chronic Pain
Authors: Ren Jinxuan , Liu Na , Sun Na , Zhang Kehan , Yu Lina
Published: September 2019

Chronic pain is a common condition that seriously affects the quality of human life with variable etiology and complicated symptoms; people who suffer from chronic pain may experience anxiety, depression, insomnia, and other harmful emotions. Currently, chronic pain treatments are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids; these drugs are demonstrated to be insufficient and cause severe side effects. Therefore, research into new therapeutic strategies for chronic pain is a top priority. In recent years, stem cell transplantation has been demonstrated to be a potent alternative for the treatment of chronic pain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of pluripotent stem cell, exhibit multi-directional differentiation, promotion of stem cell implantation, and immune regulation; they have also been shown to exert analgesic effects in several chronic pain models. Exosomes produced by MSCs have been demonstrated to relieve painful symptoms with fewer side effects. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic use of MSCs in various chronic pain studies. We also discuss ways to enhance the treatment effect of MSCs. We predict in the future, cell-free therapies for chronic pain will develop from exosomes secreted by MSCs.
Bone Mineral Density Assessment by DXA vs. QCT in Postmenopausal Females with Central Obesity
Authors: Milisic Lejla , Vegar-Zubovic Sandra , Valjevac Amina , Hasanovic-Vučković Suada
Published: September 2019

Objectives:

Although Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is gold standard for osteoporosis
diagnosis, several reports have shown discordant T-score values measured by Quantitative
Computed Tomography (QCT) and DXA especially in obese subjects, but it is still not clear
whether BMD measurement by two modalities is affected by overall obesity or central obesity in
postmenopausal females. Therefore, the aims of this study were to compare BMD and T-scores by
DXA and QCT and to evaluate whether these two osteoporosis assessment modalities yield different
T-score values in postmenopausal females with obesity and central obesity.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study enrolled 44 postmenopausal females, referred for osteoporosis
screening. Anthropometric indices (BMI-body mass index, WC-waist circumference and ICOindex
of central obesity) were measured and females underwent an assessment of bone mineral
density by DXA and QCT.

Results:

Lumbar Spine (LS) T-score values were observed to be significantly lower by DXA compared
to qCT in females with BMI >25 kg/m2, (-1.9±1.5 vs. -2.3±1.2; p=0.039), in females with
WC>88 cm(-1.9±1.5 vs. -2.4±1.2; p=0.008) and in females with ICO>0.5(-1.96±1.4 vs. -2.5±1.2;
p=0.004). However, in normal-weight females and in those without central obesity, LS T-scores by
DXA were not different than qCT. DXA at lumbar spine and proximal femur revealed osteoporosis
in 47.7% and 11.4% respectively, while QCT detected osteoporosis in 61.4% of females (p<0.001).
Measures of central obesity; ICO and WC were not associated with QCT bone mineral density
(BMD) (r=0.14 and r=0.21, respectively), but were positively associated with both DXALS BMD
(r=0.29 and r=0.31; p<0.05) and DXA proximal femur BMD (r=0.41 and r=0.44; p<0.01).

Conclusion:

Our results suggest that obesity is associated with lower T-scores by DXA compared
to QCT. Caution is needed when assessing osteoporosis status in obese postmenopausal females.
However, further studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm the findings.
Research on Elderly Behavior Monitoring Technology Based on WSN and Neural Network
Authors: Lieping Zhang , Zhengzhong Wang , Zhenyu Yang , Rui Wang , Kunjian Li , Keying Wei , Shenglan Zhang , Yu Zhang
Published: September 2019

Background:

The elderly are prone to do some abnormal behaviors, such as tumbling or
stepping out of the guardians’ monitoring area. These abnormal behaviors bring enormous hidden
dangers to the health of the elderly, which need to be monitored effectively in order to be dealt with
in time.

Objective:

Provide an approach based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Multi-Layer Perceptron
(MLP) to establish the behaviors monitoring system for the elderly.

Methods:

A behavior monitoring system based on wireless sensor network and neural network is
proposed in this paper, according to the behavior characteristics of the elderly. The system collects
real-time behavior data of the elderly by wearing a bracelet with acceleration sensors wore on their
hands. And then a behavior recognition model of the elderly is established through the MLP and the
collected behavior data. The established behavior recognition model is used to classify and identify
the five typical behavior characteristics of the elderly, such as walking, sitting, lying, standing and
tumbling. At the same time, the location information of the elderly is estimated by the centroid
localization technology based on Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) ranging.

Results:

The experiment results show that the designed system can timely acquire the behavior
characteristic parameters of the elderly, and it can accurately identify the five typical behaviors with
a 100% recognition accuracy rate. And also, it can timely give the warning of the abnormal
behaviors of the elderly, such as tumbling or walking out of the active area.

Conclusion:

The proposed system in this paper can accurately identify the abnormal behaviors of
elderly and timely inform the guardians. The proposed monitoring method can effectively reduce
the hurt injury elderly, and can improve the work efficiency of guardians. And it has its theoretical
and practical value.
In-silico Design, ADMET Screening, MM-GBSA Binding Free Energy of Some Novel Isoxazole Substituted 9-Anilinoacridines as HER2 Inhibitors Targeting Breast Cancer
Authors: Kalirajan Rajagopal , Pandiselvi Arumugasamy , Gowramma Byran , Balachandran Pandiyan
Published: September 2019

Background:

Human Epidermal development factor Receptor-2 (HER2) is a membrane tyrosine kinase which is overexpressed and gene amplified in human breast cancers. HER2 amplification and overexpression have been linked to important tumor cell proliferation and survival pathways for 20% of instances of breast cancer. 9-aminoacridines are significant DNA-intercalating agents because of their antiproliferative properties.

Objective:

Some novel isoxazole substituted 9-anilinoacridines(1a-z) were designed by in-silico technique for their HER2 inhibitory activity. Docking investigations of compounds 1a-z are performed against HER2 (PDB id-3PP0) by using Schrodinger suit 2016-2.

Methods:

Molecular docking study for the designed molecules 1a-z are performed by Glide module, in-silico ADMET screening by QikProp module and binding free energy by Prime-MMGBSA module of Schrodinger suit. The binding affinity of designed molecules 1a-z towards HER2 was chosen based on GLIDE score.

Results:

Many compounds showed good hydrophobic communications and hydrogen bonding associations to hinder HER2. The compounds 1a-z, aside from 1z have significant Glide scores in the scope of - 4.91 to - 10.59 when compared with the standard Ethacridine (- 4.23) and Tamoxifen (- 3.78). The in-silico ADMET properties are inside the suggested about drug likeness. MM-GBSA binding of the most intense inhibitor is positive.

Conclusion:

The outcomes reveal that this study provides evidence for the consideration of isoxazole substituted 9-aminoacridine derivatives as potential HER2 inhibitors. The compounds, 1s,x,v,a,j,r with significant Glide scores may produce significant anti breast cancer activity and further in vitro and in vivo investigations may prove their therapeutic potential.
Bio-signals Compression using Auto-Encoder
Authors: K N Sunilkumar , Shankar Shiva
Published: September 2019

Latest developments in wearable machines permits un-damageable and cheapest way for gathering of medical data such as bio-signals (Electro-Cardio-Gram), Respiration, Blood pressure and so on. Gathering and processing of different biomarkers are considered to provide anticipatory healthcare by personalized software for medical purpose. As the wearable machines are dependent on size of the machine, different conditional resources and are used by batteries, we need to perform small algorithms to robustly control memory and the energy of the device (Machine). The rapid growth of the technology has led to various auto encoders that guarantee the results by extracting feature selection from time, frequency, and time-frequency domain in an efficient way. The main aim was to train hidden layer in a way, which can reconstruct the compressed data almost similar to the input data. While in the previous works, while compressing the data all the features were needed necessarily in the hidden layer to reconstruct it back. But, in our proposed work, a new algorithm BCAE Bio-signals Compression using Auto-Encoder is used, which is a re-construction model that performs selection of the important features and compression of the data using auto-encoder. The core idea is to perform combined feature selection and compression for ECG signals at source and to decrease energy consumption while transmitting and thus prolongs the battery lifetime. Fitness monitors for wearables by using new methodologies will differentiate the unwanted features from the necessary once for further classification. Performance results produced with respect to ECG signals of our BCAE computations from viable wearable monitor that is wireless with same of Subject-Adaptive-Unsupervised (SURF) ECG compression for devices that are wearable represents the dominance of BCAE when compared with the SURF ECG signal compression for Fitness-Monitors-of-Wearable devices (SURF). 1) Ratio of compression is around 90x ; 2) error of re-construction ranging between 2% - 7% and 3) minimization of power usage of around 2 orders of magnitude based on transmitting the uncompressed signals during maintaining its morphology.
VOLKANİK TÜF VE AMORF SİLİKANIN KİLİN MÜHENDİSLİK ÖZELLİKLERİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: ÇİMEN Ömür , COŞAN Fatih Şerif
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmada yüksek
plastisiteli kile, volkanik tüf ve amorf silika ağırlıkça belirli oranlarda
karıştırılmış ve bu karışım numunelerinin mühendislik özelliklerinin değişimi
incelenmiştir. Daha sonra kile %5 oranında kireç ilave edilerek volkanik tüf ve
amorf silika katkılı deneyler tekrarlanmıştır. Çalışmada kıvam limitleri,
standart kompaksiyon deneyleri yapıldıktan sonra optimum su muhtevalarında ve
maksimum kuru birim hacim ağırlıklarında hazırlanan numuneler üzerinde serbest
basınç deneyleri ve sabit hacimli şişme basıncı deneyleri yapılmıştır. Serbest
basınç deneyi yapılmış olan numuneler üzerinde SEM analizleri yürütülerek
görüntüleri alınmıştır. Deneyler sonucunda; volkanik tüf katkısının kilin
serbest basınç mukavemetini bir miktar arttırdığı, şişme basıncının önce
azaldığı, daha sonra arttığı görülmüştür. Kireç ve volkanik tüf katkılı
deneylerde ise serbest basınç mukavemetinin daha fazla arttığı, şişme
basıncının daha fazla azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Kireç ve amorf silika katkılı
deneylerde ise serbest basınç mukavemetinin daha fazla arttığı, şişme
basıncının daha fazla azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Volkanik tüf ve amorf silika
katkıları karşılaştırılırsa aynı orandaki amorf silika katkısının serbest
basınç mukavemetinin artmasında daha etkili olurken, şişme basıncının
azalmasında ise volkanik tüf daha etkili olmaktadır.
MALATYA YÖRESİ İÇİN ÖRNEK BİR GÜNEŞ SANTRALİ MODELİNİN BENZETİMİ VE ŞEBEKEYE ETKİLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Akdağ Ozan , Yeroğlu Celaleddin
Published: September 2019

Güneş enerjisi günümüzde soğutma, ısıtma ve elektrik enerjisi elde
etme gibi birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır. Güneş enerjisinin temiz bir yenilenebilir enerji kaynağı oluşu,
ülkemizin güneş enerji potansiyelinin yüksek olması ve 2023 yılı ülkemizin 5000
MW kurulu güneş santrali hedefinin olması,  güneş enerjisine ilgiyi artırmaktadır. Güneş santralleri
kurulmadan önce ön çalışmalar yaparak, güneş santrali yapılacak bölgenin
tespiti, ilave edilecek güç sistemine etkileri ve güvenirlikli bir işletme
şartlarının oluşturulması önemlidir. Bu gibi işlemleri önceden öngörmek ve
güneş santralini, güç sistemine en iyi biçimde entegre etmek için modellemeler
yapmak gereklidir. Bu çalışmada Malatya ilinde güneş santrali kurulumu
açısından uygun olan bir bölge ön etüt çalışması yapılarak belirlenip, daha
sonra o bölgeye en yakın 154/34,5 kV transformatör merkezinin 34,5 kV’lık barasına
dâhil edilmesi düşünülen santralin, sanal modeli oluşturulup güç sistemine
etkileri detaylı bir şekilde analiz edilmiştir.
A NAMED ENTITY RECOGNITION MODEL FOR TURKISH LECTURE NOTES IN HISTORY AND GEOGRAPHY DOMAINS
Authors: SARI Önder Can , AKTAŞ Özlem
Published: September 2019

Named entity recognition
(NER) is an information extraction (IE) task that is in the scope of natural
language processing (NLP) and text mining. Its extent and methods may differ
between studies, but basically, it aims to detect expressions that indicates a
person, location, organization etc. In this study, a NER structure is developed
for Turkish lecture notes (for history and geography courses). Separately, this
structure is a project that is specialized for an information extraction task.
Besides, it also has an educational value, as the projected outcome from its
execution is meaningful words or word groups from the content of input lecture
notes, which can be used to construct glossary of terms structures for
individual courses or course subjects. With these glossary of terms structures,
it is aimed to detect expressions in the content of a lecture note that can be
used for questions and support a test preparation process. In this document,
general information about NER task and its scope is given; previous studies on
the field are mentioned; the system developed in line with this study is
introduced; success of the system is evaluated through experiment results and
some thoughts for enhancement are shared.
K-ORTALAMALAR KÜMELEME YÖNTEMİ İLE GÜÇ TRANSFORMATÖRLERİNİN BAKIM STRATEJİLERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: YILDIZ Mustafa Şen , KEKEZOĞLU Bedri , İŞEN Evren
Published: September 2019

Teknolojik
gelişmelere bağlı olarak elektrik enerjisine olan ihtiyacın hızla artması
sebebiyle, güç transformatörlerinde oluşabilecek arızaların sosyal hayata ve
ekonomik gelişime etkilerinin kritik bir öneme sahip olduğu açıktır. Çeşitli
sebeplere bağlı olarak, güç transformatörlerinde oluşabilecek arızalar,
sensörler ve bakım-onarım yöntemleri sayesinde, meydana gelmeden veya başlangıç
aşamasında tespit edilebilmektedir. Bu makalede, meydana gelmiş arıza istatistikleri
incelenerek, transformatörlerin yaşları, yüklenme oranları ve güçleri dikkate
alınarak uygun bakım-onarım yönteminin belirlenmesine yönelik bir çalışma
yapılmıştır. Belirli bir transformatör grubuna uygun bakım-onarım yönteminin
belirlenmesine yönelik bir yaklaşım olması açısından K-ortalamalar algoritması
tercih edilmiştir. Kümeleme sonuçları yorumlanmış ve güç transformatörlerine
uygun bakım-onarım yöntemleri belirlenmiştir.
AUTOMATIC DETECTION OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BASED ON RR INTERVAL
Authors: GÜZELER Anıl Can , BİLGİN Süleyman
Published: September 2019

Heart diseases are rapidly increasing worldwide and in our country. This
increase causes difficulties in the diagnosis processes of heart diseases. Considering
these problems, the studies of engineering applications related to medical
science give effective results in terms of solutions. By means of engineering
devices and algorithms, positive contributions are made to medical
applications. These contributions assist physicians especially in the diagnosis
stages and speed up these processes. In this study, a new algorithm is
developped so that Atrial Fibrillation (AF), which is the most common type of
arrhythmia encountered, can be automatically detected at a high success rate.
Electrocardiogram (ECG) data used in this study were obtained from physiobank ATM
database. 31 samples of Atrial Fibrillation Rhythm (AFR) and 31 samples of
Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR) were obtained from this database. RR Interval (RRI)
sequences being 12 hours long are used in the study. The change of the RRI
sequences is an important parameter for AF. The RRI sequences are re-sampled using
signal pre-processing techniques. The Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) was then
applied to the resampled signals. In this way, feature extraction process is
performed and the wavelet energies of these signals are visually examined with
boxplot. The wavelet energies of the RRI sequences are classified by the Support
Vector Machine (SVM). Finally, AFR and NSR are successfully separated as 99.60%
achievement.
ENDÜSTRİYEL MİKRODALGA KAYNAKLARA MARUZ KALAN ÇALIŞANLAR İÇİN ELEKTROMANYETİK RİSK ANALİZİ
Authors: ÖZEN Şükrü , AYDOĞMUŞ Tuğrul , CARLAK Hamza Feza , ATEŞ Kayhan
Published: September 2019

Son yıllarda uydu yayın
sistemleri, mikrodalga fırınlar, indüksiyon fırınları, polis ve ordu radar
sistemleri, tıbbi görüntüleme gibi elektromanyetik cihazların kullanımının
hızlı bir şekilde artmasıyla insanlar sürekli elektromanyetik dalgalara maruz
kalmaktadır. Özellikle endüstride kullanılan yüksek güçlü mikrodalga kaynakları
çalışan sağlığı üzerinde ciddi riskler oluşturmaktadır. İndüksiyon fırını ve
buna benzer cihazların gerek hatalı kullanımı gerekse cihazlarda meydana gelen
kaçaklar nedeniyle cihazı kullanan operatörlerin beyin, göz ve deri dokusunda
ciddi hasarlar meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, endüstriyel mikrodalga
kaynaklarının çalışma frekansları olan 915 ve 2450 MHz frekanslarında dokularda
oluşan SAR değerleri ve sıcaklık artışı, çok katmanlı doku modeli kullanılarak
hesaplanmıştır. Analitik analizler MATLAB programı yardımıyla ayrı ayrı
yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, tıbbi güvenlik limit değerleriyle karşılaştırılmış
ve limit değerlerin altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
YAKLAŞIK ÇÖZÜM TEKNİKLERİNİ KULLANARAK PLASTİK ENJEKSİYON PROSESİNİN TASARIM METODOLOJİSİ
Authors: KAYABAŞI Oğuz , ÇAKMAK Hüseyin
Published: September 2019

Bu çalışmada, istatistiksel deney tasarım
yöntemleri kullanılarak hazırlanan deney setine uygun olarak yapılan akış
analizleri ile enjeksiyon parametreleri optimize edilmiştir. Elde edilen
sonuçları değerlendirmek için, ilk olarak istatistiksel deney yazılımı olan
MiniTab vasıtası ile uygun bir regresyon modeli oluşturulmuştur, model
katsayılarının doğruluğunu saptamak için F testi, parametrelerin sonuçlar
üzerindeki etkisini saptamak için ANOVA testi uygulanmıştır. İkinci olarak
süreç, bir hipoteze dayanan değişken yaratılarak, Monte Carlo simülasyonu ile
optimize edilmiştir. Monte Carlo simülasyonu, analitik olarak belirsiz
durumlarda varsayımlara dayanan hesaplamaları yapmak için kullanılır. Kalıp
sıcaklığı, soğutma suyu sıcaklığı, enjeksiyon basıncı gibi işlem parametreleri
sabit değildir. Bu belirsizliği gidermek için süreç hipoteze dayalı değişken
üretmek suretiyle optimize edilmiştir. Son aşamada farklı optimizasyon
yöntemleri kullanılarak elde edilen sonuçlar karşılaştırılarak, hangi yöntemin
daha doğru sonuç verdiği değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak  Monte Carlo simülasyonu ile minimum çarpılma
değeri elde edilmiştir. Sonuç bölümünde yer alan Tablo 7 ve Grafik 1 üzerinden
bu sonuç daha net anlaşılmaktadır. Plastik enjeksiyon işlemi gibi birçok
parametrenin sonuç üzerinde etkin olduğu üretim yöntemleri için yapılacak
optimizasyon çalışmalarında, belirsizlikleri gidermek için hipoteze dayalı rastsal
parametre değerleri ile çalışmak avantaj sağlamaktadır.