bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Chemical Laboratory Safety with Hazards Risks Mitigation and Strategic Actions
Authors: Wang Wanshu , Su Yang , Cao Huiting , Li Dapeng
Published: February 2025

Chemical laboratories, as the cornerstone of scientific innovation, face inherent risks due to the nature of their operations. Hazards such as flammable, explosive, and corrosive chemicals, combined with high-pressure and high-temperature conditions, present significant safety challenges. Accidents not only jeopardize the health and safety of personnel but also risk equipment damage, environmental pollution, and broader societal impacts. Ensuring a safe laboratory environment demands a multifaceted approach involving all stakeholders. Institutional managers must establish and enforce comprehensive safety management systems, covering chemical storage, equipment handling, and waste disposal. Laboratory directors play a pivotal role in overseeing the implementation of these protocols, ensuring all members are well-trained and compliant. Laboratory personnel, as direct operators, must adhere to safety procedures, utilize protective equipment, and responsibly manage experimental waste. By fostering a culture of safety and collaboration, laboratories can effectively mitigate risks, safeguard research environments, and advance scientific progress without compromising well-being.
Simulation of Vegetation NPP in Typical Arid Regions Based on the CASA Model and Quantification of Its Driving Factors
Authors: Yisilayili Gulinigaer , He Baozhong , Song Yaning , Luo Xuefeng , Yang Wen , Chen Yuqian
Published: February 2025

To assess the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems, it is crucial to consider the net primary productivity (NPP) of vegetation. Understanding the response of NPP in Xinjiang’s vegetation to climate factors and human activities is essential for ecosystem management, the Belt and Road Initiative, and achieving carbon neutrality goals. Based on the CASA model, this study uses meteorological data, DEM data, and land cover data, employing trend analysis and partial derivative analysis methods to investigate the temporal trends and spatial distribution of NPP in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020. Additionally, it quantifies the contributions of climate factors and human activities to NPP fluctuations. The key findings are: (1) The average annual NPP is 101.52 gC/m2, with an upward trend, showing an overall growth rate of 0.447 gC/m2/yr. Spatially, NPP is higher in northern Xinjiang than in the south, and in mountainous areas compared to basins. (2) Over 21 years, climate factors contributed an average of 1.054 gC/m2/yr, while human activities contributed 0.239 gC/m2/yr to NPP changes. Among climate factors, temperature, precipitation, and sunshine duration contributed 0.003, 0.169, and 0.588 gC/m2/yr, respectively, all showing positive effects on NPP. (3) Forests have the highest average NPP at 443.96 gC/m2, with an annual growth rate of 2.69 gC/m2/yr. When forest is converted to cropland, the net loss in NPP is −1.94 gC/m2, and the loss is even greater in conversion to grassland, reaching −17.33 gC/m2. (4) The changes in NPP are driven by both climate factors and human activities. NPP increased in 77.25% of the area, while it decreased in 22.69%. Climate factors have a greater positive impact than human activities.
A Typological Analysis Method for Rural Dwellings: Architectural Features, Historical Transformations, and Landscape Integration: The Case of “Capo Due Rami”, Italy
Authors: Bigiotti Stefano , Santarsiero Mariangela Ludovica , Del Monaco Anna Irene , Marucci Alvaro
Published: February 2025

Focusing on the agricultural area of “Capo Due Rami” in Rome, this research aims to interpret the architectural features of the rural dwellings through a typological analysis. Drawing on data collected from direct surveys, historical records, cartographic materials, and documentary sources, the morphological and settlement evaluation of agricultural constructions refines traditional methods and techniques used in the analysis of residential models. Using specifically designed observation sheets, the study highlights how the reclamation and drainage works carried out predominantly between the 19th and 20th centuries in the area have influenced the typology of buildings and their relationship with the agricultural environment. The findings underscore that the morphotype of the dwellings in “Capo Due Rami” derives from the practical demands of agriculture and the functional requirements of rural life, incorporating targeted architectural solutions to address sanitary and environmental concerns. The observation sheets were designed to integrate qualitative indicators, drawing on previous investigative experiences in typological analysis. While adhering to established methodologies, they have been modified to reflect the cartographic and documentary data specific to “Capo Due Rami”. This approach has made it possible to highlight the distinctive features of the area, such as the proximity between buildings and reclamation canals.
Global Marine Product Space and Coastal Countries’ Productive Capabilities, 1995–2021
Authors: Shi Zhaoyuan , Xue Desheng , Xu Jili
Published: February 2025

Coastal countries’ productive capabilities are significantly influenced by the structure, dynamics, and evolution of marine products. In this study, we examined the market development dynamics of marine products across 156 coastal countries from 1995 to 2021, utilizing product space and economic complexity frameworks. We constructed and analyzed the product space of 106 marine products across six major marine industries, investigating the positioning and potential of various coastal countries within this space over three decades. The key findings were as follows: (1) global marine product exports exhibited substantial growth and increased geographical diversification. (2) The marine product space exhibited a core–periphery structure, with high-complexity marine shipbuilding products at the core and resource-based primary products at the periphery. (3) Coastal countries’ positions in the product space could be clustered into four distinct types: (i) complex diversified economies with constrained development potential, (ii) developed and industrialized countries with coexisting complexity and diversification, (iii) small island and developing countries with coexisting specialization and potential, and (iv) single-resource-dependent countries in the Middle East and Gulf of Guinea in Africa. (4) Each type faced unique development opportunities and challenges. We recommend that all economies continually leverage their comparative advantages in complex products. Specifically, type (i) and (ii) countries should focus on strengthening inter-product technological and knowledge networks and developing more integrated industrial chains. Type (iii) and (iv) countries should capitalize on their resources and geographical advantages to develop new, more complex products that align closely with their existing product baskets.
Correlated Atomic Dynamics in a CuZrAl Liquid Seen in Real Space and Time Using Time-of-Flight Inelastic Neutron Scattering Studies
Authors: Kalicki Noah , Ruhland Kyle , Chen Fangzheng , Quirinale Dante G. , Wang Zengquan , Abernathy Douglas L. , Kelton K. F. , Mauro Nicholas A.
Published: February 2025

When examined at the nanometer length scale, metallic liquids exhibit extensive ordering. Bonding enthalpies are balanced against entropic tendencies resulting in a rich complicated behavior that leads to clustering that depends on temperature but evolves on picosecond time scales. The structural organization of metallic liquids affects their thermophysical properties, such as viscosity and density, thus influencing the ability of a metallic liquid to form useful technological phases, such as metallic glasses. The time-dependent pair correlation function (the Van Hove function) was determined for metallic-glass forming Cu49Zr45Al6 at 1060 °C from time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering measurements made using the Neutron Electrostatic Levitation facility at the Spallation Neutron Source. The time for changes in local atomic connectivity, which is the timescale of atomic ordering, was determined by examining the decay of the nearest neighbor peak. The results of rigorous statistical analyses were used to distinguish between competing models of ordering, suggesting that a stretched exponential model of coordination number change is valid for this system.
Exploring Industry 4.0’s Role in Sustainable Supply Chains: Perspectives from a Bibliometric Review
Authors: Briatore Federico , Vanni Francesca , Mosca Marco Tullio , Mosca Roberto Nicola , Fruggiero Fabio , Mancusi Francesco
Published: February 2025

Background: Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies have transformed supply chain (SC) logistics and production. However, their environmental impact, particularly on CO2 emissions and carbon footprints, remains underexplored. This study examines the impact of I4.0 tools on SCs sustainability, focusing on reducing carbon footprints. Methods: A bibliometric analysis was conducted in October 2023 to quantitatively evaluate the scientific literature, examining publication characteristics to assess current research and forecast future trends. The Scopus database was utilized with specific filters to identify studies on the impact of I4.0 technologies in SC domains on sustainability, focusing on CO2 emissions and carbon footprint reduction. VOSviewer software version 1.6.15 was used to analyze selected papers, revealing key keyword clusters and relationships. Results: Five clusters were identified, offering insights for supply chain managers and highlighting links between I4.0 and CO2 reduction in supply chains: “LCA towards zero carbon”, “Supply chain carbon footprint”, “Risk and decarbonization analysis”, “Industry 4.0 and stochastic models for sustainability”, and “Biodiversity and environmental impact”. Key findings emphasize the strong connection between LCA, carbon footprint analysis, emission control, and the role of I4.0 technologies like blockchain and IoT in reducing emissions. Conclusions: This study highlights the environmental benefits of I4.0 in SC management, supporting global decarbonization goals.
Mechanism Design of a Novel Device to Facilitate Mobility, Sit-to-Stand Transfer Movement, and Walking Assistance
Authors: Li Bo , Chen Xinzhili , Liu Hailiang , Yuan Dong , Zhang Jiafeng , Lu Shiqing
Published: February 2025

To assist patients with lower limb dysfunction in mobility, standing, and walking, this paper proposes a novel device that integrates the functions of lower limb exoskeleton, wheelchair, and sit-to-stand (STS) transfer assistance. We designed a 10-degree-of-freedom lower limb exoskeleton based on gait analysis. To satisfy human–machine compatibility, the hip joint was conceptualized as a remote center-of-motion (RCM) mechanism, the knee joint was developed as a cam mechanism, and the ankle joint was designed as a revolute pair. We constructed a kinematic model of the exoskeleton by adopting the product-of-exponential (POE) formula. The STS transfer assistance mechanism was designed based on Stephenson III six-bar linkage through path synthesis methods. The length of this six-bar mechanism was determined based on using Newton–Jacobi iterative techniques. We connected the STS assistive mechanism to the wheelchair frame, and then, we connected the exoskeleton to the STS transfer assistive mechanism. The experimental results demonstrated that the STS assistance path aligned closely with human buttock trajectories, and the walking assistance paths corresponded with natural human gaits. This device produces a new choice for patients with lower limb dysfunction.
A Fitness Landscape-Based Method for Extreme Point Analysis of Part Surface Morphology
Authors: Sun Jinshan , Tang Wenbin
Published: February 2025

Advancements in Industry 4.0 and smart manufacturing have increased the demand for precise and intricate part surface geometries, making the analysis of surface morphology essential for ensuring assembly precision and product quality. This study presents an innovative fitness landscape-based methodology for extreme point analysis of part surface morphology, effectively addressing the limitations of existing techniques in accurately identifying and analyzing extremum points. The proposed approach integrates adaptive Fitness-Distance Correlation (FDC) with a roughness index to dynamically determine the number and spatial distribution of initial points within the pattern search algorithm, based on variations in surface roughness. By partitioning the feasible domain into subregions according to FDC values, the algorithm significantly reduces optimization complexity. Regions with high ruggedness are further subdivided, facilitating the parallel implementation of the pattern search algorithm within each subregion. This adaptive strategy ensures that areas with intricate surface features are allocated a greater number of initial points, thereby enhancing the probability of locating both regional and global extremum points. To validate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, extensive testing was conducted using five diverse test functions treated as black-box functions. The results demonstrate the method’s capability to accurately locate extremum points across varying surface profiles. Additionally, the proposed method was applied to flatness error evaluation. The results indicate that, compared to using only the raw measurement data, the flatness error increases by approximately 3% when extremum points are taken into account.
Prediction of Residual Life of Rolling Bearings Based on Multi-Scale Improved Temporal Convolutional Network (MITCN) Model
Authors: Xia Keru , Li Qi , Han Luyuan , Ren Zhaohui , Luo Hengfa
Published: February 2025

The method based on convolution neural networks (CNNs) has been widely developed and applied to residual life prediction, and many excellent results have been achieved. However, CNN models can only learn feature information relative to size, and it is difficult to extract complex time series features from data of long time series. In addition, the existing models still have some problems, such as capturing the correlation of each time series and generating a large amount of redundant information. In order to alleviate the above problems, this study proposes a residual life prediction method of rolling bearings based on a multi-scale improved temporal convolutional network (MITCN) model. It is used to solve problems such as the low accuracy of bearing life prediction and the difficulty of the temporal convolutional network (TCN) model to capture the correlation of each time series. The model adopts the framework of a time convolution network and has good ability to extract time series information. By introducing a multi-scale expanded causal convolution residual structure, improved temporal convolutional network (ITCN) modules with different expansion factors capture information on different time scales and combine soft threshold functions and channel attention mechanisms to adaptively generate thresholds and eliminate redundant information. Finally, the carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) is an attention mechanism used to enhance useful features and suppress useless features, so as to realize the effective fusion of multi-scale features. The IEEE PHM 2012 challenge data set is hereby used to verify the proposed method, which can effectively solve the problem of the low prediction accuracy of the remaining life of bearings.
Comparison of Invasive Ductolobular Carcinoma and Lobular Carcinoma: An Observational Study
Authors: Uçar Mahmut , Yılmaz Mukaddes , Erdiş Eda , Yücel Birsen
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Mixed ductolobular carcinomas (mDLCs) are tumors that contain both ductal and lobular components. The clinicopathological characteristics and impacts on survival of the two components, which have distinct biological behaviors, are still not clearly understood. This study aimed to compare the clinicopathological characteristics, recurrence/metastasis patterns, and survival outcomes of mDLC and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), as well as to investigate the prognostic significance of both histopathologies. Materials and Methods: The outcomes of 132 patients who were followed and treated between 2010 and 2021 were analyzed. Patients were examined in two groups, ILC and mDLC. Chi-square tests were performed to compare the baseline clinicopathological characteristics and treatments. Survival rates were subsequently analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the Cox proportional hazards model. Results: In this study, 80 (61%) patients had ILC histopathology, while 52 (39%) had mDLC histopathology. Differences between the groups were observed in median age (p = 0.038), N stage (p = 0.046), estrogen receptor (ER) status (p = 0.005), lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.007), median tumor diameter (p = 0.050), and frequency of distant metastasis (p = 0.029). The treatments, relapse patterns, and metastasis patterns were similar (p > 0.05). No differences in overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were observed. In the multivariate analysis, mDLC histopathology was identified as a poor prognostic factor (HR: 2.95, CI 95%: 1.10–7.88, p = 0.030). Histopathology (ILC vs. mDCL) was not identified as a prognostic factor in the Cox regression analysis for DFS. Conclusion: Although mDLC has poor clinicopathological features (younger age, more advanced N stage, more ER negativity, more lymphovascular invasion, and more frequency of metastases) and appears more aggressive than ILC, these changes do not affect survival in this study. However, mDLC histopathology seems to be associated with poor prognosis for OS.
Effect of Body Position and Support Surface on the Postural Control Challenge During the Pallof Press Exercise: A Smartphone Accelerometer-Based Study
Authors: Juan-Recio Casto , Prat-Luri Amaya , Rondón-Espinosa Heidy , Barbado David , Vera-Garcia Francisco J.
Published: February 2025

Background and objectives: Although different variations of the Pallof press exercise are commonly performed in sports and fitness settings to increase core stability, the intensity/difficulty of these variations is unknown and therefore it is difficult to control the training load and establish exercise progressions. This study aimed to compare and rank the postural control challenge imposed by five different isometric variations of the Pallof press exercise through a smartphone accelerometer placed on the participants’ pelvis and to explore sex differences in the lumbopelvic postural control during the exercise performance. Materials and Methods: Twelve physically active participants completed two testing sessions in which they performed two sets of five different isometric variations of the Pallof press exercise (changing the body position and/or the support surface: kneeling on a foam pad, feet together standing on the floor, tandem stance on the floor, feet together standing on a hemisphere ball, and tandem stance on a hemisphere ball). After confirming the acceleration data reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients ≥ 0.72 and typical errors ≤ 17%), a repeated measure ANOVA was carried out to classify the Pallof press variations according to the postural control challenge imposed on the participants and to analyze sex differences on postural control. Results: Significant effects were found for the within-subject factor exercise variations but not for the between-subject factor sex. Pairwise comparisons showed that the exercise variations performed on the hemisphere ball (feet together standing: 0.55 m/s2; tandem stance: 0.61 m/s2) imposed higher postural control demands than those performed on the other surfaces (kneeling on a foam pad: 0.17 m/s2; feet together standing on the floor: 0.22 m/s2; tandem stance on the floor: 0.31 m/s2). In addition, the tandem stance on the floor produced higher lumbopelvic accelerations than the Pallof press kneeling variation. Conclusions: The Pallof press performance in standing rather than kneeling (i.e., reducing the base of support and raising the center of gravity and the height of the lateral force applied by the elastic band) and on a hemisphere ball increased the exercise difficulty compared to more stable surfaces. This information could help to modulate the difficulty and establish progressions for this exercise in physically active young males and females.
Updates on Caries Management in the Primary and Permanent Dentition
Authors: Schmoeckel Julian
Published: February 2025

Caries is still one of the most prevalent diseases affecting children and adults worldwide [...]
Preparation and Modification of Silicalite-2 Membranes
Authors: Yang Yin , Liu Juan , Zhou Qi , Shao Siqi , Zou Lingling , Yuan Wenjun , Zhu Meihua , Chen Xiangshu , Kita Hidetoshi
Published: February 2025

Silicalite-2 membranes were successfully prepared on tubular α-Al2O3 supports by secondary hydrothermal synthesis, and the pervaporation performance of the membrane was evaluated by separation of a 5 wt% ethanol/H2O mixture at 60 °C. The effects of templating agent content, water–silicon ratio and crystallization time on the separation performance of Silicalite-2 membranes were investigated. When the TBAOH/SiO2 and H2O/SiO2 molar ratios of the precursor synthesis solution were 0.2 and 120, a dense Silicalite-2 membrane could be prepared on the surface of the tubular α-Al2O3 support after 72 h. The silane coupling agent was utilized to treat the Silicalite-2 membranes, and the effects of silane coupling agent dosage on their properties were also explored. The pervaporation performance of the Silicalite-2 membrane was greatly improved with a 5.7 wt% trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) solution and the flux and separation factor of the membrane reached 1.75 kg·m−2·h−1 and 22 for separation of 5 wt% EtOH/H2O at 60 °C, respectively.
Interfacial Cracking Failure Mechanism of Chromium-Coated Zircaloy Cladding for ATF Materials
Authors: Li Xinfeng , Liu Yang , Cui Yan , Hui Jun , Fu Jianxun , Zhang Jin
Published: February 2025

In this study, the interfacial cracking mechanism of Cr-coated Zircaloy cladding tubes was investigated through a combination of tensile testing, advanced microstructural characterization, and first-principle calculations. The results demonstrate the presence of an interlayer (33 nm) between the Cr coating and the Zr substrate, which consists of Cr and O elements. In comparison with the coherent Cr/interlayer interface, the incoherent interlayer/Zr interface is conducive to crack initiation and propagation, resulting from local high strain concentration generated by incompatible deformation between the interlayer and Zr substrate, and O-induced reductions in Cr/Zr interfacial cohesive strength.
Potential Biomarkers of Fatal Hypothermia Revealed by UHPLC-MS Metabolomics in Mice
Authors: Cao Xin-Zhi , Wu Zhong-Wen , Ma Xing-Yu , Deng Wei-Liang , Chen Ding-Hao , Liu Jia-Li , Li Jia-Hao , Wang Hui , Pei Bao-Qing , Zhao Dong , Wang Qi
Published: February 2025

Background: The postmortem diagnosis of fatal hypothermia presents a considerable challenge in forensic medicine. Metabolomics, a powerful tool reflecting comprehensive changes in endogenous metabolites, offers significant potential for exploring disease mechanisms and identifying diagnostic markers. Methods: In this study, we employed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS) to perform a non-targeted metabolomic analysis of liver, stomach, spleen, and musculus gastrocnemius tissues from mice subjected to fatal hypothermia. Result: A substantial number of differential metabolites were identified in each tissue: 1601 in the liver, 420 in the stomach, 732 in the spleen, and 668 in the gastrocnemius muscle. The most significantly altered metabolites were as follows: magnoflorine (liver, upregulated, ranked first in fold-change), gibberellic acid (stomach, downregulated, ranked first in fold-change), nitrofurantoin (spleen, upregulated, ranked first in fold-change), and isoreserpin (gastrocnemius muscle, downregulated, ranked first in fold-change). Glycerophospholipid metabolism exhibited notable enrichment in all tissues (spleen: second, liver: tenth, stomach: eleventh, gastrocnemius muscle: twenty-first), as did tryptophan metabolism (spleen: thirteenth, liver: eighth, stomach: third, gastrocnemius muscle: seventeenth). Conclusions: Our findings provide insights into the metabolic perturbations associated with fatal hypothermia in different tissues and lay a foundation for the identification of potential tissue biomarkers for forensic diagnosis.
Broadly Targeted Metabolomics Analysis of Differential Metabolites Between Bupleurum chinense DC. and Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd.
Authors: Li Min , Zhang Quanfang , Zhu Tongshan , Liu Guoxia , Chen Wenxiao , Chen Yanli , Bu Xun , Zhang Zhifeng , Zhang Yongqing
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Bupleuri Radix is a plant in the Apiaceae family Bupleurum Chinense DC. or Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. root. The dissimilarities in the metabolite profiles of plants directly correlate with the disparities in their clinical efficacy. Methods: Therefore, the wild Bupleurum Chinense DC. (YBC) and wild Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. (YNC) were used as research materials. They were analyzed using the UPLC-MS/MS and the similarities and differences were uncovered based on differential metabolites. Results: Our results proved that the differences in clinical efficacy between YBC and YNC may be attributed to their distinct metabolite profiles, as follows: (1) a total of 12 classes of 2059 metabolites were identified in the roots, with phenolic acids, terpenoids, and flavonoids being the most abundant metabolic products, with 2026 shared components between the two, 2045 in YBC, and 2040 in YNC; (2) a total of 718 differential metabolites were identified, accounting for 35.44% of the shared metabolites. Among them, YBC had 452 metabolites with higher content relative to YNC, representing 62.95%, and 266 components with lower content, representing 37.05%; (3) the KEEG enrichment analysis results show that the differential metabolic pathways are flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, linoleic acid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, and linolenic acid metabolism. Conclusions: These new findings will serve as a foundation for further study of the BR biosynthetic pathway and offer insights into the practical use of traditional Chinese medicine in clinical settings.
Multi-Omics Approach to Evaluate Effects of Dietary Sodium Butyrate on Antioxidant Capacity, Immune Function and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Adult Ragdoll Cats
Authors: Zhang Anxuan , Li Deping , Yu Tong , Zhang Mingrui , Cui Yingyue , Wang Haotian , Dong Tianyu , Wu Yi
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Sodium butyrate (SB) is a typical postbiotic known to positively affect economic animals in recent years, but research on SB in pet cats is scarce. Consequently, this study sought to explore the influence of SB on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant capacity, immune function, and gut microbiota of adult cats through the assessment of biochemical parameters and comprehensive integrative omics analysis. Methods: A total of 30 adult cats were divided into three groups: a basal diet (NC), basal diet with 0.05% SB (SB5), and basal diet with 0.1% SB (SB10). The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. Results: The results indicated that the fecal level of calprotectin was lower in the SB10 group than in the SB5 and NC groups. The SB10 group reduced the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and DAO compared with the NC group (p < 0.05). In addition, the SB10 diet increased the GSH-Px level and decreased MDA content compared with the NC diet (p < 0.05). Transcriptomic analysis showed that the gene expression of VCAM1 exhibited a notable decrease in the SB10 group compared to the NC group (p < 0.05). The analysis of gut microbiota revealed that the richness of gut microbiota was higher in the SB10 than in the NC group (p < 0.05), and the abundance of Lachnospiraceae, Lachnoclostridium, Blautia, and Roseburia was greater in the SB10 than in the NC group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Dietary SB could enhance the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity, improve immune function, and positively regulate the gut microbiota composition in adult cats.
Formation and Dynamics of Night-Time Cold Air Pools in Peri-Urban Topographic Basins: A Case Study of Coimbra, Portugal
Authors: Cordeiro António Manuel Rochette
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the formation of cold air pools during calm, anticyclonic winter nights in a topographic basin bounded by a medium-sized mountain to the east and near-flat terrain elsewhere. The main objective is to understand how local topography drives unique topoclimatic conditions—specifically cold air lakes and an inversion layer at approximately 100/120 m altitude—in a peri-urban depression where a major cement factory and several residential areas are located. To achieve this, the research design combined surface measurements (collected at 10:00 p.m., 3:00 a.m., 7:00 a.m., and 3:00 p.m.) using a motorized vehicle, with vertical measurements (at 7:00 a.m.) collected via two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), with the three vehicles equipped with Tinytag data loggers. The Empirical Bayesian Kriging tool in ArcGIS Pro was employed to generate the surface temperature cartograms. The results show that shortly after sunset, a cold air layer of approximately 100–120 m thickness forms, with nocturnal air temperature variations of up to 8 °C on the night measurements. An inversion layer was detected at around 120–130 m, while near-zero wind speeds in the basin’s core facilitate the retention of cold air. Surface spatialization confirms earlier findings of a cold air lake and thermal belts on the basin’s perimeter, forming in the early evening and dissipating by late morning. A 3D visualization underscores the influence of the mountain in directing cold air downslope, leading to stabilization and stratification within the lower atmospheric layers. These findings carry significant health implications: air pollutants released by the cement plant tend to accumulate within the cold air pool and beneath the inversion layer, posing potential risks to nearby populations.
An Insight into the Presence of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Opportunistic Pathogenic Bacteria Isolated from Farm-Reared Crickets
Authors: Bello Gonzalez Teresita d. J. , van Gelderen Betty , Harders Frank , Bossers Alex , Brouwer Michael S. M. , Haenen Olga L. M.
Published: February 2025

To support the role of insects as sustainable feed and food ingredients, evaluating their potential microbiological risk and safety is crucial. In this study, we investigated the presence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in selected live opportunistic pathogenic bacteria isolated during the rearing process from clinically healthy farm-reared crickets. Molecular analysis was performed by wholegenome sequencing of a total of 14 of these bacterial strains, 7 from house crickets (Acheta domesticus) and 7 from banded crickets (Gryllodes sigillatus), belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Enterococcaceae, and Bacillaceae families. The β-lactam AMR genes (blaOXY2-6, blaACT-16, and blaSHV variants) were the most predominant genes identified, mainly in Enterobacteriaceae strains and in association with fosfomycin (fosA) and oqxAB efflux pump complexes. In addition, blaZ and mecA genes were detected in Bacillus cereus and Mammaliicoccus sciuri strains isolated from both insect species. Genetic mobile elements including IncFIA, IncFIB, IncHI1A, IncHI1B, rep13, and Col3M-like plasmids were detected in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter hormaechei, Staphylococcus arlettae, and B. cereus, respectively. The results indicate that, not only in the final product but also during the insect-rearing process, microbial safety control, regarding the presence of pathogenic bacteria and AMR genes, is essential for effectively decreasing the microbiological risk between cricket batches within their environment and in terms of the related feed and food chain.
Evaluation and Analysis of Costs Associated with Prophylaxis of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (RUTIs) in Women
Authors: Hernández-Sánchez José Emilio , Szczesnieski Julius Jan , Padilla-Fernández Bárbara-Yolanda , González-Enguita Carmen , Flores-Fraile Javier , Lorenzo-Gómez María Fernanda
Published: February 2025

To determine the variations in the costs of the prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs) among different prevention protocols, a prospective observational multicenter study on 1614 women receiving RUTI prophylaxis was conducted. The patient groups were as follows: Group A (n = 444): conventional suppressive antibiotic therapy; Group V (n = 732): polyvalent bacterial vaccine; and Group O (n = 438): other adjuvant measures. The variables were age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status classification scale, cost of prophylaxis, duration of the RUTI, number of visits for primary and specialized care, number of UTIs, cost of urinalysis, urine culture, urine cytology, and days of sick leave. The mean age was 57.71 years but was found to be lower in GV. The mean expenditure on UTI prophylaxis and treatment per patient was EUR 4908.07, but this found to be higher in GO. Emergency primary care visits were more frequent in GA. The ordinary scheduled visits to primary care visits were more frequent in GV and GO. The mean successive visits was 2.47 and was shown to be lower in GV. The mean expenditure on successive visits was EUR 341.64 but was found to be lower in GV. The mean number of UTIs was 4.83 at 3 months after finishing prophylaxis and 5.01 at 12 months, and it was observed to be lower in GV. Less frequent VCU usage, older age, more ASA III, more frequent use of urinalyses, urine cultures, ultrasounds, and CT scans were associated with higher costs. In GO, IVU was associated with higher costs. The total expenditure related to RUTIs is associated with older age and the number of RUTIs, a poorer general health status, and the use of urinary tract ultrasounds and CT scans. The use of VCUs instead of ultrasounds and CT scans is cost-effective in the management of RUTIs in older women. Immunoprophylaxis is more cost-effective in reducing the number of visits to the primary care emergency room, the number of successive visits to the Urology Department, the number of intercurrent infections, and the need for urinalyses, urine cultures, CT scans, and ultrasounds in the primary care emergency room.
Preclinical Evaluation of Selene-Ethylenelacticamides in Tuberculosis: Effects Against Active, Dormant, and Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis and In Vitro Toxicity Investigation
Authors: de Sousa Natália Ferreira , de Freitas Maria Eugênia G. , Sidrônio Maria Gabriella S. , Souza Helivaldo Diógenes , Czeczot Alexia , Perelló Marcia , Fiss Gabriela Fehn , Scotti Luciana , de Araújo Demétrius A. M. , Barbosa Filho José Maria , Bizarro Cristiano V. , Machado Pablo , Basso Luiz Augusto , Mendonça-Junior Francisco Jaime B. , de Athayde Filho Petrônio F. , Scotti Marcus T. , Rodrigues-Junior Valnês S.
Published: February 2025

Selene-ethylenelacticamide derivatives have been suggested as promising scaffolds with leishmanicidal activity. In this work, we demonstrated, for the first time, the effectiveness of selene-ethylenelacticamide derivatives against mycobacteria. Firstly, selene-ethylenelacticamides inhibited the growth of laboratory strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with MIC values ranging from 10 to 20 µM. Importantly, three derivatives were active against two multi-drug-resistant clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis with MIC values similar to pan-sensitive strains. In addition, NC31 and NC34 displayed an improved activity compared to the group treated with isoniazid in the six-week nutrient-starved M. tuberculosis cultures. Moreover, in toxicity studies, NC34 did not significantly affect the viability of both Vero E6 and HepG2 cell lines. NC34 did not affect Artemia salina nauplii survival at concentrations lower than 100 µM. Importantly, NC34 displayed a synergistic effect when combined with rifampicin. Molecular docking simulations were used to evaluate Mycobacterium tuberculosis DprE1 and dihydrofolate reductase enzymes as putative targets of selene-ethylenelacticamides, mechanisms that could contribute to the antitubercular activity. Our findings reveal that NC34 may represent a hit for further drug optimization and for future preclinical development as a new anti-mycobacterial agent, especially in cases of resistant and/or dormant forms of tuberculosis.
Deformation History of the Heilongjiang Complex and Subduction Polarity of the Mudanjiang Ocean, NE Asia
Authors: Lan Haoyuan , Guo Lingli , Zhou Jianping , Chen Jianwen , Yang Chuansheng , Li Sanzhong
Published: February 2025

During the Mesozoic, NE Asia experienced intense tectonic and magmatic activity, including the closure of the Mongol–Okhotsk Ocean (MOO), the subduction and demise of the Mudanjiang Oceanic Plate (MOP), and the continuous westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate (PPP). The evolution of the MOP remains highly contentious, particularly regarding its final closure timing and subduction polarity, and warrants further investigation. The Heilongjiang Complex (HLC), primarily distributed within the Mudanjiang Suture Zone (MSZ), which separates the Jiamusi and Songnen blocks, preserves key geological records of the Mudanjiang Oceanic subduction and closure. By employing detailed structural analysis, zircon U-Pb dating, and tomographic imaging, we reconstruct the tectonic history of the HLC and propose its five stages of deformation since the Mesozoic. The first stage, which occurs from the Late Triassic to the Early Jurassic, is characterized by SE-dipping schistosity within the HLC. Integrating the identification of the east-dipping remnants of the oceanic lithosphere west of the MSZ by tomographic imaging suggests an eastward subduction of the MOP underneath the Jiamusi Block during the Early Mesozoic. The second stage, spanning the Early Jurassic to the Late Jurassic, is characterized by E–W-striking tight folds associated with the MOO’s SSE-ward subduction and PPP’s NNW-ward subduction. The third stage of deformation, occurring from the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, features S–N-striking box folds, indicative of the final amalgamation of the Jiamusi, Songnen, and Nadanhada terranes. The fourth stage, taking place in the late Early Cretaceous, is marked by near E–W-striking thrust faults that are associated with the closure of the eastern segment of the MOO. Finally, the fifth stage, which follows the Early Cretaceous, involves nearly NE-striking thrust faults related to NW-ward subduction of the PPP.
Editorial for the Special Issue “Multi-Method (Geo-) Thermochronology and Trace Elements Tracing Magmatism, Mineralization and Tectonic Evolution”
Authors: Yang Fan , Zhang Cun , Chang Jian
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of analytical techniques, especially the in situ Lu-Hf, Rb-Sr, U-Pb, fission-track and (U-Th)/He dating of garnet, zircon, apatite and other accessory minerals, several important geological issues have been successfully resolved or re-determined in the past decade [...]
Assessment of Endocyn on Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs): A Pilot Study of Endodontic Irrigant Effects
Authors: Truman Brennan , Ma Linda , Stewart Samuel , Kingsley Karl , Sullivan Victoria
Published: February 2025

Many endodontic procedures within the pediatric population are performed with patients aged 12 years and older, using intracanal irrigants to complement mechanical debridement for the removal of debris and to disinfect the root canal system. The use of antimicrobial irrigants that limit damage to the dental pulp are the goals of endodontic biomaterials research. Using an existing biorepository of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), Endocyn was evaluated in varying concentrations in proliferation and viability assays, and compared with positive (sodium hypochlorite or bleach) and negative (phosphate-buffered saline) controls. The DPSC viability was reduced in the range of −8.3% to −15.8%, p = 0.22 to p = 0.042, while the growth inhibition varied between −29.7% and −63%, p = 0.041 to p = 0.022. However, the RNA analysis revealed that no significant changes in biomarker mRNA expression (Nestin, NANOG, Sox2, Oct4, CD73, CD90, and CD105) were observed. These data demonstrated that all of the concentrations of Endocyn inhibited the DPSC viability and growth, although only high concentrations were statistically significant. Moreover, the administration of Endocyn did not alter the DPSC biomarker expression, which are novel and important findings not previously observed or reported that may assist with the development of clinical decision protocols and methods for the treatment of vital pulp tissue.
Intra-Rater Reliability of Pressure Pain Threshold with Different Algometers in Healthy Participants
Authors: Nunes Alexandre , Leite Vanessa
Published: February 2025

Background: Algometry is a validated and reliable measurement tool, but there are still no reliable data for the different algometers used by different raters in the same participant. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the intra-reliability of pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) measured using a digital algometer with and without a digital screen by different raters at the same time in a pain-free population. Methods: Participants were healthy adults. PPTs were assessed using two different algometers: a digital algometer with a digital screen for a feedback of the pressure curve rate (SpTech Digital Algometer); and a digital algometer without a screen (Wagner Instruments FDX-25, Greenwich, CT, USA). Four PPT points were used: upper trapezius, lumbar spine, extensor carpi ulnaris, and tibialis anterior. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire II was used to assess burnout, stress, sleeping problems, depressive symptoms, somatic stress, and cognitive stress. The intraclass coefficients (ICCs) for intra-rater reliability was calculated using a two-way mixed effects model, single measurement type, and absolute agreement definition. Results: A total of 47 healthy participants with a mean age of 30.51 (11.35) years were included. The upper trapezius and extensor carpi ulnaris had the lowest PPT values, and the tibialis anterior had the highest PPT value. Females had the lowest PPT values when compared with males with p < 0.05 in the upper trapezius and extensor carpi ulnaris regions. The intra-rater reliability ranged from good to excellent reliability, with the ICC values of rater 1 being higher when compared with rater 2. The PPT in tibialis anterior had the highest mean ICC scores. Conclusions: The intra-rater reliability of PPTs measured by different digital algometers ranged from good to excellent reliability. The rater with more experience demonstrated higher reliability.
Research Progress on High-Temperature-Resistant Electromagnetic Wave Absorbers Based on Ceramic Materials: A Review
Authors: Tang Kangkang , Long Feihang , Zhang Fenghua , Yin Hongyuan , Zhao Jiuzhou , Xie Maoqian , An Ying , Yang Weimin , Chi Baihong
Published: February 2025

Ceramic materials have the merits of an adjustable dielectric constant, high strength, high temperature resistance, and oxidation resistance, and are thus being used as the protection matrix for carbon series, metal oxides, and other wave-absorbing materials at high temperatures. Here, progress on high-temperature-resistant wave-absorbing ceramic materials is introduced through the aspects of their composition and structure. In addition, metamaterials used for such purposes, which are mainly produced through 3D printing, are also highlighted. The pros and cons of high-temperature-resistant electromagnetic wave absorbers based on ceramic materials are systematically analyzed, and possible development directions are proposed. This work may assist in the design and manufacture of a new generation of radars, ships, and aircraft.
Tattoo Ink Metal Nanoparticles: Assessment of Toxicity In Vitro and with a Novel Human Ex Vivo Model
Authors: Battistini Beatrice , Lulli Daniela , Bocca Beatrice , Carbone Maria Luigia , Ramondino Carmela , Caimi Stefano , Capone Alessio , Nicodemi Ezio Maria , Dellambra Elena , De Angelis Isabella , Failla Cristina Maria
Published: February 2025

Tattoo inks contain varying amounts of metal nanoparticles (NPs) < 100 nm that, due to their unique physicochemical properties, may have specific biological uptake and cause skin or systemic toxicities. The toxic effects of certified reference standards of metal NPs and samples of commercially available tattoo inks were investigated using an in vitro system and a novel human ex vivo model. In vitro toxicity was evaluated using vitality assays on human skin cells (HaCaT cell line, primary fibroblasts, and keratinocytes). No toxicity was observed for Al2O3, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, and TiO2 NPs, whereas CuO NPs showed dose-dependent toxicity on HaCaT and primary fibroblasts. Fibroblasts and keratinocytes were also sensitive to high concentrations of ZnO NPs. Reference standards and ink samples were then injected ex vivo into human skin explants using tattoo needles. Histological analysis showed pigment distribution deep in the dermis and close to dermal vessels, suggesting possible systemic diffusion. The presence of an inflammatory infiltrate was also observed. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased apoptosis and expression of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 in explants specifically tattooed with the reference standard or red ink. Taken together, the results suggest that the tattooing technique leads to exposure to toxic metal NPs and skin damage.
Computational Modeling of Properties of Quantum Dots and Nanostructures: From First Principles to Artificial Intelligence (A Review)
Authors: Matyszczak Grzegorz , Krawczyk Krzysztof , Yedzikhanau Albert
Published: February 2025

Nanomaterials, including quantum dots, have gained more and more attention in the past few decades due to their extraordinary properties that make them useful for many applications, ranging from catalysis, energy generation and storage, biotechnology, and medicine to quantum informatics. Mathematical descriptions of the phenomena in which nanostructures are involved are of great demand because they may be utilized for the purpose of controlling these phenomena (e.g., the growth of nanostructures with certain sizes, shapes, and other properties). Such models may be of distinct nature, including calculations from first principles, ordinary and partial differential equations, and machine learning models (including artificial intelligence) as well. The aim of this article is to review the most important and useful computational and mathematical approaches for the description and control of processes involving nanostructures.