bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Angular Size Distribution of μJy Radio Sources
Authors: Cotton W. D. , Condon J. J. , Kellermann K. I. , Lacy M. , Perley R. A. , Matthews A. M. , Vernstrom T. , Scott Douglas , Wall J. V.
Published: March 2018

We made two new sensitive (rms noise

μJy beam−1) high-resolution (θ = 3.″0 and θ = 0.″66 FWHM) S-band (2 < ν < 4 GHz) images covering a single JVLA primary beam (FWHM ≈ 14′) centered on J2000

, δ = +59°01′ in the Lockman Hole. These images yielded a catalog of 792 radio sources, 97.7 ± 0.8% of which have infrared counterparts stronger than S ≈ 2 μJy at λ = 4.5 μm. About 91% of the radio sources found in our previously published, comparably sensitive low-resolution (θ = 8″ FWHM) image covering the same area were also detected at 0.″66 resolution, so most radio sources with S(3 GHz) ≳ 5 μJy have angular structure ϕ ≲ 0.″66. The ratios of peak brightness in the 0.″66 and 3″ images have a distribution indicating that most μJy radio sources are quite compact, with a median Gaussian angular diameter

FWHM and an rms scatter σ

ϕ
 ≲ 0.″3 of individual sizes. Most of our μJy radio sources obey the tight far-infrared/radio correlation, indicating that they are powered by star formation. The median effective angular radius enclosing half the light emitted by an exponential disk is

, so the median effective radius of star-forming galaxies at redshifts z ∼ 1 is

.
The Milky Way Halo in Action Space
Authors: Myeong G. C. , Evans N. W. , Belokurov V. , Sanders J. L. , Koposov S. E.
Published: March 2018

We analyze the structure of the local stellar halo of the Milky Way using ∼60000 stars with full phase space coordinates extracted from the SDSS–Gaia catalog. We display stars in action space as a function of metallicity in a realistic axisymmetric potential for the Milky Way Galaxy. The metal-rich population is more distended toward high radial action J

R
as compared to azimuthal or vertical action, J

ϕ
or J

z
. It has a mild prograde rotation

), is radially anisotropic and highly flattened, with axis ratio q ≈ 0.6–0.7. The metal-poor population is more evenly distributed in all three actions. It has larger prograde rotation

), a mild radial anisotropy, and a roundish morphology (q ≈ 0.9). We identify two further components of the halo in action space. There is a high-energy, retrograde component that is only present in the metal-rich stars. This is suggestive of an origin in a retrograde encounter, possibly the one that created the stripped dwarf galaxy nucleus, ωCentauri. Also visible as a distinct entity in action space is a resonant component, which is flattened and prograde. It extends over a range of metallicities down to [Fe/H] ≈ −3. It has a net outward radial velocity

within the solar circle at

. The existence of resonant stars at such extremely low metallicities has not been seen before.
Massive, Absorption-selected Galaxies at Intermediate Redshifts
Authors: Kanekar N. , Prochaska J. X. , Christensen L. , Rhodin N. H. P. , Neeleman M. , Zwaan M. A. , Møller P. , Dessauges-Zavadsky M. , Fynbo J. P. U. , Zafar T.
Published: March 2018

The nature of absorption-selected galaxies and their connection to the general galaxy population have been open issues for more than three decades, with little information available on their gas properties. Here we show, using detections of carbon monoxide emission with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, that five of seven high-metallicity, absorption-selected galaxies at intermediate redshifts, z ≈ 0.5–0.8, have large molecular gas masses, M
Mol ≈ (0.6–8.2) × 1010
M
⊙ and high molecular gas fractions (f
Mol ≡ M
Mol/(M
* + M
Mol) ≈ 0.29–0.87). Their modest star formation rates (SFRs), ≈(0.3–9.5) M
⊙ yr−1, then imply long gas depletion timescales, ≈(3–120) Gyr. The high-metallicity absorption-selected galaxies at z ≈ 0.5–0.8 appear distinct from populations of star-forming galaxies at both z ≈ 1.3–2.5, during the peak of star formation activity in the Universe, and lower redshifts, z ≲ 0.05. Their relatively low SFRs, despite the large molecular gas reservoirs, may indicate a transition in the nature of star formation at intermediate redshifts, z ≈ 0.7.
Research Perspectives in Coroplastic Studies: The Distribution, Trade, Diffusion, and Market Value of Greek Figurative Terracottas
Authors: Uhlenbrock Jaimee P.
Published: March 2018

The hundreds of thousands of Greek figurative terracottas that have been brought to light at sites around the Mediterranean and Black Sea from the late seventh to the first century B.C.E. provide excellent evidence for trade and diffusion, on both a local and international level. We know that at certain terracotta-producing centers figurative terracottas were produced far in excess of local needs, suggesting that they must have been conceived as exportable items driven by a market demand within long-distance trading networks. The ability to recognize the products of specific coroplastic manufacturing centers through clay analysis has facilitated the recognition of the extent to which figurative terracottas and their molds were marketed abroad. Moreover, an attentive examination of mold series or contextual evidence can offer clues to modes of diffusion and the consequent influence that this diffusion may have exercised on a distant terracotta-producing center. Finally, the nature and extent of that influence, as well as certain technical features that accompanied it, may shed some light on the market value, or worth, that may have been assigned to certain of these figurative terracottas at given periods.
A Grotesque Terracotta Figurine of the First Century C.E. from Muralto, Ticino, Switzerland: Function, Use, and Meaning
Authors: Voegtle Simone
Published: March 2018

A Roman terracotta figurine representing a grotesque ithyphallic male figure with the characteristics of a cock is discussed in relation to its role as an apotropaic device.
Les figurines de terre cuite de l’Aphrodision d’Argos
Authors: Aurigny Hélène , Croissant Francis
Published: March 2018

FrLa documentation coroplastique de l’Aphrodision d’Argos constitue un ensemble très riche pour observer les créations de la plastique archaïque argienne, en particulier la production des types de la « dame assise » qui associent modelage, pour le corps, et moulage, pour la tête. Leur étude révèle l’existence de plus d’une vingtaine de visages différents, créés tout au long du vie siècle, qui montrent non seulement la créativité des ateliers argiens, mais qui posent aussi la question de la destination de ces modèles originaux et leur rapport avec les ateliers de bronziers. En tout cas, on voit se développer en parallèle les techniques du modelage et du moulage durant le vie siècle.
Processus et composition
Authors: Smolderen Thierry
Published: March 2018

Thierry Smoderen offers a detailed synthesis of the process that for years have preceded and accompanied his making of comic strips scenarios: stages of accumulation, documentation, iconic research (film, photography), definition of mental territories, construction of imaginary worlds, interaction with the draftsman and anticipation of his graphic world. He also describes the elaborate stages of plot composition as a puzzle, the ramification and surprises of the narration, the energy required to avoid too obvious sequences, the spaces left open for the unexpected. Last, immersion in the flow of information generated by the sequences makes it possible to test the soundness and coherence of the whole and to ascertain the strength of the connections between the scenes on several simultaneous levels of meaning.
Un roman graphique aux rayons X
Authors: Schipper Johanna
Published: March 2018

Johanna Schipper présente ici une synthèse des opérations complexes de mise en place du scénario et de la structure en boucle de son second roman graphique, dans lequel interviennent des éléments autobiographiques, politiques et géographiques rebrassés par un jeu vertigineux sur le temps et l’espace.
Bande dessinée : une génétique à ciel ouvert
Authors: Vigier Luc
Published: March 2018

Cette étude générale s’intéresse moins aux dossiers génétiques eux-mêmes qu’à leur médiatisation via les bonus, suppléments et autres making-of, présents non seulement dans les albums mais depuis quelques années sur la Toile et au cœur des réseaux sociaux, où se combinent les vidéos d’artistes au travail, les reportages sur la fabrication des albums, les reproductions de carnets d'études, les études critiques. On interroge les connexions problématiques de ces différents espaces d’exposition du processus graphique qui relève à la fois de l’archéologie et du spectacle.
History of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Hung Alice L. , Lim Michael
Published: March 2018

Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating facial pain disorder with a rich history dating back over a thousand years. From early records of cases with suggestive features, to better descriptions of its symptomatology, to today's well-established diagnostic criteria, TN has evolved from a largely enigmatic condition to a now manageable disease. Paralleling our understanding of its pathophysiology, various therapeutic approaches have been developed, ranging from early medicines alleviating pain, to destructive procedures targeting the trigeminal nerve, to restorative surgery treating the source. As the pathology of TN becomes better understood, more effective strategies can be used to manage this condition. This chapter provides an overview demonstrating the parallel between understanding of the pathophysiology and the corresponding treatments that were developed over the years.
Medical Management of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Zhang Niushen
Published: March 2018

The first-line treatment of trigeminal neuralgia can be very effective, but side effects are often difficult for patients to tolerate. This chapter is a guide to the broad selection of medical therapies currently available for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia which includes oral therapies and other non-surgical methods of treatment such as IV medications, nasal sprays, topical ointments, and injections. The discussion of each treatment includes discussion of its evidence in current literature, its proposed mechanism of action, its dosing and appropriate setting for clinical use, and its side effect profile.
Methods for Ontology Alignment Change
Authors: Zahaf Ahmed , Malki Mimoun
Published: March 2018

Different repositories of ontology are available on the web to share common understandings of the knowledge of different domains with semantic web applications. They store, index, organize, and share ontologies and alignments between them that allow applications to search for and use the appropriate semantics on the fly. The quality of the ontologies and the alignments between them is a great challenge to guarantee the usefulness of ontology repositories. Like ontologies, alignments are subject to changes throughout their life cycle, which can decrease their quality. As a result, alignments must be evolved and maintained in order to keep up with the change in ontology or to meet the demands of applications and users. This chapter reviews and classifies the main ontology alignment change approaches. In addition, the chapter presents a new approach for the alignment change problem. The approach proposes a general framework that consists of a process of change. Various methods, each with a specific purpose, are proposed to automate and support the change process.
Trends in Peace Research
Authors: Putnik Nenad , Milošević Mladen
Published: March 2018

In this chapter, the authors discuss the phenomenon of interstate conflicts in cyber space. In the last twenty years, this issue has become more explicit, and countries are making increasingly frequent mutual cyber warfare and cyber espionage accusations. The political and military elite of conflicting countries perceive the situation as very serious and are preparing not only for defending their segment of cyber space, but for developing offensive strategies for cyber warfare, as well. The authors endeavor to contribute to peace research by examining the possibilities for achieving cyber détente, the idea promoted by Henry Kissinger in 2011. In this chapter, the authors identify and analyze problems whose solution should be the focus of the States Parties to cyber détente: the question of denotation and potential desecuritization of technical terms, the question of identification and classification of cyber threats and the problem of the legal framework for their opposition. In addition, the authors give guidelines for their solution, based on securitization theory.
Social Media, Customer Relationship Management, and Consumers' Organic Food Purchase Behavior
Authors: Chronis Evelyn , Lu Qiang , Miller Rohan
Published: March 2018

Extant research has been focusing on the effectiveness of social media in driving consumer engagement and interaction. However, little research has examined how social media influences firms' Customer Relationship Management. This chapter fills this gap by proposing a conceptual framework to capture the impact of social media on traditional Customer Relationship Management in the context of consumers' organic food purchasing. Specifically, this study investigates how social media influences the purchase behavior of loyalty program members and non-loyalty program members. This study also examines the effectiveness of different types of social media content on consumer purchase behavior of organic food.
Exploring the Hidden Pattern From Tweets
Authors: Tse Ying Kei , Zhang Minhao , Doherty Bob , Chappell Paul , Moore Susan R. , Keefe Tom
Published: March 2018

Social media has recently emerged as a key tool to manage customer relations in industry. This chapter aims to contribute a step-by-step Twitter Analytic framework for analysing the tweets in a fiscal crisis. The proposed framework includes three major sections – demographic analytic, content analytic and integrated method analytic. This chapter provides useful insights to develop this framework through the lens of the recent Volkswagen emission scandal. A sizable dataset of #volkswagescandal tweets (8,274) was extracted as the research sample. Research findings based upon this sample include the following: Consumer sentiments are overall negative toward the scandal; some clustered groups are identified; male users expressed more interest on social media in the topic than female users; the popularity of tweets was closely related with the timing of news coverage, which indicates the traditional media is still playing a critical role in public opinion formation. The limitations and practical contribution of the current study are also discussed.
Does Job Satisfaction Always Affect Customer Satisfaction?
Authors: Abdolshah Mohammad , Zadeh Ehsan Jafar , Talei Reza , Shirzadi Ali , Khatibi Seyed Amir Mohammad
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this article is to investigate the relationship between job satisfaction (JS) and customer satisfaction (CS) in the Social Security Insurance Organization (SSIO) in Iran. The statistical population of this research is composed of employees and customers of Tehran SSIO. Two questionnaires were used to measure the variables of the research. A job descriptive index (JDI) & service quality (SERVQUAL) questionnaire are used to measure JS and CS. Data are analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and regression analysis. The results indicated that there is no significant relationship JS and CS of Tehran Social SSIO (P > 0.05). Among all the research variables, only satisfaction from colleagues, employee satisfaction and satisfaction with management performance were able to predict CS from the services of the SSIO. Service satisfaction and satisfaction from colleagues also have the ability to predict satisfaction with management performance. In the end, only satisfaction with management performance and service satisfaction has been a significant predictor of CS.
Rapid Relevance Feedback Strategy Based on Distributed CBIR System
Authors: Liao Jianxin , baoran li  , Wang Jingyu , Qi Qi , Wang Jing , Li Tonghong
Published: March 2018

This article describes the capability of online data storage which has been enhanced by the emergence of cloud datacenter development. Distributed Hash Table (DHT) based image retrieval system using locality sensitive hash (LSH) has provided an efficient way to set up distributed Content Based Image Retrieval (CBIR) frameworks. However, with the fixed LSH function adopted, LSH and other codebook-based distributed retrieval systems are facing the problem of flexibility, and also are difficult to satisfy the user's demand. In this article, LRFMIR is proposed to introduce semantic search into DHT based CBIR system. LRFMIR is established on a DHT based network, where a flexible result truncating strategy is employed to fuse provided results by using multiple features measurements. Experiments show that LRFMIR provides a higher accuracy and recall rate than single feature employed retrieval systems, and possesses good load balancing and query efficiency performance.
Corrosion of 310S Austenitic Stainless Steel in Simulated Rocket Combustion Gas
Authors: Pornpibunsompop Tosapolporn , Thanakijkasem Purit
Published: March 2018

High temperature corrosion of 310S austenitic stainless steel in simulated rocket combustion gas at 900 degree Celsius was investigated and discussed in this paper. 310S austenitic stainless steel was chosen because it was used for building some components of a rocket launcher. The corrosive atmosphere was prepared by mixing of hydrochloric acid and distilled water with 5.5 mole per liter then, boiling that solution and feeding into a corrosion testing chamber. The chamber was set up at 900 degree Celsius with duration 210 hrs. After testing, the corroded specimen was microscopically characterized by OM and SEM/EDS techniques. The corrosion layer was classified into three main sublayers: peeling-off scale, external corrosion sublayer, and internal corrosion sublayer. The local chemical information was analyzed by XRD (in case of peeling-off scale) and SEM/EDS (in case of external and internal corrosion sublayers). The peeling off scale mainly comprised Fe2O3 and Fe21.3O32 ferrous oxides because they needed much oxygen consumption to exist. In case of external and internal sublayers, there were a lot of pore tunnels and corrosion products. Chlorine and/or hydrogen chloride would penetrate through a passive film and, then, metal chlorides was formed on both external and internal corrosion sublayers. Metal chlorides would volatile because of their lower evaporation temperature than the testing temperature. Moreover, they were oxidized by oxygen in wet condition and resulted metal oxides mostly remaining on the external corrosion sublayer.
Corrosion of Fe3Al-4Cr Alloys at 1000°C in N2-0.1%H2S Gas
Authors: Shi Yu Ke , Lee Dong Bok
Published: March 2018

Pure Fe3Al and Fe3Al+4%Cr alloys were corroded at 1000 °C for up to 200 h in N2-0.1%H2S-mixed gas in order to study their corrosion behavior in H2S-containing atmosphere. The formed scales consisted primarily of α-Al2O3, FeAl2O4, and Fe2O3. In these oxide scales, hydrogen and sulfur dissolved according to the reaction; H2S→2H+S. Corrosion products of Cr were not identified in the scales from the XRD analysis, indicating that Cr dissolved in the oxide scales. Fe3Al+4%Cr alloy displayed poorer corrosion resistance than Fe3Al alloy, indicating that chromium accelerated the corrosion rates of Fe3Al alloys.
Numerical Simulation of Collision Effect on Damage Evolution in Electromagnetic Forming of Aluminum Alloy Sheet
Authors: Zou Xi Fan , Huang Shang Yu , Liu Wei , Lei Yu , Zhu Jie
Published: March 2018

A numerical simulation study of collision effect on damage evolution in electromagnetic forming (EMF) was presented. EMF technology can greatly improve the forming limit of metal sheet duo to the high rate. However, collision behavior is also an important factor for the formability of sheet. Free form model and conical die model were carried out to study the effect of collision behavior on mechanical properties of Al alloy sheet. The EMF process of 1050 Al alloy sheet was analyzed and discussed by numerical analysis software LS-DYNA. The combined strategy of boundary element method and finite element method was adopted to realize the coupling calculation of electromagnetic field and structural field. Based on the GTN material model, the evolution of void volume fraction of 1050 Al sheet were calculated and analyzed. Comparing the free form model results and the die form model results, showed that the collision behavior could reduce the void volume fraction of sheet, but excessively high collision speed lead to the sheet rebound, which aggravated the damage of material and reduce the accuracy of the product. Therefore, the appropriate discharge voltage in this work was found to improve mechanical property of sheet on the premise of forming precision.
Multichip Module Planarity Requirements Derived From Solder Surface Tension Models
Authors: Marinis Thomas F. , Soucy Joseph W.
Published: March 2018

The number of die and routing layers in multichip modules and fan-out packages has been steadily increasing, which has exasperated the problem of maintaining module planarity for interconnect to a system board. The usual remedies are to try to match coefficients of thermal expansion as closely as possible, balance composition of layers on either side of a module's neutral axis, and build on stiff, planar interposers. All of these strategies can affect module performance, size, and cost. We have examined an alternative approach to accommodating module bow, by allowing the solder ball interconnects to compress or elongate as necessary to maintain electrical connections. This approach is further enhanced by making the module very thin, which does not reduce its bow, but rather allows the high surface tension force exerted by molten solder to flatten the module. We have derived a model for the surface tension force exerted by a solder ball as a function of the degree to which it is compressed or elongated. This model also predicts the maximum elongation that the solder connection can sustain before it ruptures. We have applied this model in a design tool, which allows us to predict the maximum module bow that can be accommodated as a function of the number, size, and location of the solder connections and the physical composition of the multichip module.
Thermal Stability of Intermetallic Cu–Sn Interconnections for High Temperature Applications
Authors: Novikov A. , Nowottnick M.
Published: March 2018

New technology based on mixing of standard alloy SnCu in form of solder paste with copper paste was presented. This technology allows the production of solder joints with higher standoff consisting of intermetallic compounds. Such solder joints were qualified for high temperature applications by investigation of thermal stability of overlapped solder joints. For this purpose a special test bench for the investigation of remelting temperature up to 300°C was developed.
The impact of Mir-9 regulation in normal and malignant hematopoiesis
Authors: Khosravi Abbas , Alizadeh Shaban , Jalili Arsalan , Shirzad Reza , Saki Najmaldin
Published: March 2018

MicroRNA-9 (MiR-9) dysregulation has been observed in various cancers. Recently, MiR-9 is considered to have a part in hematopoiesis and hematologic malignancies. However, its importance in blood neoplasms is not yet well defined. Thus, this study was conducted in order to assess the significance of MiR-9 role in the development of hematologic neoplasia, prognosis, and treatment approaches. We have shown that a large number of MiR-9 targets (such as FOXOs, SIRT1, CCND1, ID2, CCNG1, Ets, and NFkB) play essential roles in leukemogenesis and that it is overexpressed in different leukemias. Our findings indicated MiR-9 downregulation in a majority of leukemias. However, its overexpression was reported in patients with dysregulated MiR-9 controlling factors (such as MLLr). Additionally, prognostic value of MiR-9 has been reported in some types of leukemia. This study generally emphasizes on the critical role of MiR-9 in hematologic malignancies as a prognostic factor and a therapeutic target.
Saudi anti-human cancer plants database (SACPD): A collection of plants with anti-human cancer activities
Authors: Al-Zahrani Ateeq Ahmed
Published: March 2018

Several anticancer drugs have been developed from natural products such as plants. Successful experiments in inhibiting the growth of human cancer cell lines using Saudi plants were published over the last three decades. Up to date, there is no Saudi anticancer plants database as a comprehensive source for the interesting data generated from these experiments. Therefore, there was a need for creating a database to collect, organize, search and retrieve such data. As a result, the current paper describes the generation of the Saudi anti-human cancer plants database (SACPD). The database contains most of the reported information about the naturally growing Saudi anticancer plants. SACPD comprises the scientific and local names of 91 plant species that grow naturally in Saudi Arabia. These species belong to 38 different taxonomic families. In Addition, 18 species that represent16 family of medicinal plants and are intensively sold in the local markets in Saudi Arabia were added to the database. The website provides interesting details, including plant part containing the anticancer bioactive compounds, plants locations and cancer/cell type against which they exhibit their anticancer activity. Our survey revealed that breast, liver and leukemia were the most studied cancer cell lines in Saudi Arabia with percentages of 27%, 19% and 15%, respectively. The current SACPD represents a nucleus around which more development efforts can expand to accommodate all future submissions about new Saudi plant species with anticancer activities. SACPD will provide an excellent starting point for researchers and pharmaceutical companies who are interested in developing new anticancer drugs. SACPD is available online at https://teeqrani1.wixsite.com/sapd
‘How deep are your pockets?’ Autoethnographic reflections on the cost of raising a child with autism
Authors: Clasquin-Johnson Mary G. , Clasquin-Johnson Michel
Published: March 2018

Background: In this article, we reflected on our experience of the cost of parenting a child with autism, including our ongoing search for educational and therapeutic intervention.Objectives: We aimed to give an academic insight into the state of autism education and care in South Africa as seen by us, with special attention to its cost and sustainability.Methods: Using evocative autoethnography as storied scholarship together with critical autism studies, we reflected on stories of the past 5 years since our son’s diagnosis.Results: Our experiences agree with international studies that establish autism as the most expensive disability. In addition to the high costs of diagnosis, existing intervention and support approaches are unaffordable for the majority of South Africans. We recommend that teachers should be trained to participate in early screening and diagnosis, as well as co-therapists, to strengthen the implementation of inclusive education.Conclusion: The kind of autism intervention currently offered in South Africa is financially and socially unsustainable. Instead of positioning autism as an individual or family dilemma, it should be addressed as an educational and societal issue. Future research should explore cost-effective options for a developing country context, while promoting best practice within inclusive settings.
Aspergilloma mimicking olfactory groove meningioma
Authors: Sharma Pradeep , Bhaisora Kamlesh , Pandey Satyadeo , Srivastava Arun , Pani Krushna , Sardhara Jayesh , Das Kuntal , Mehrotra Anant , Sahu Rabi , Jaiswal Awadhesh , Behari Sanjay
Published: March 2018

Central nervous system aspergillosis is rare with reported mortality rate of 13–50% involving foci in paranasal sinuses and even higher mortality rates (80–100%) in patients of immune-compromised status. Modern day imaging offers an opportunity for early diagnosis, but findings are minimal. A typical finding is that of a space occupying mass lesion with iso-hypointense signal on T1-weighted sequences and extreme hypointense appearance on T2-weighted. This results from the concentration of ferromagnetic substances (iron/zinc/magnesium/manganese) within the lesion. Gadolinium enhancement pattern varies from homogeneous to peripheral ring enhancement. The immune-competent hosts present with homogeneous enhancement while those with immune compromise bear more variable radiological appearance. Due to such radiological appearance, meningioma or tuberculoma is considered in differential earlier than fungal granuloma, if not for the hypointense appearance on T2-weighted sequences which strongly points to fungal granuloma. Through this case report, we attempt to highlight the unusual radiological presentation of the entity.
Evolution of the digital biomarker ecosystem
Authors: Wright Justin M. , Regele Oliver B. , Kourtis Lampros C. , Pszenny Sean M. , Sirkar Rhea , Kovalchick Christopher , Jones Graham Barry
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

The pursuit of digital biomarkers wherein signal outputs from biosensors are collated to inform health-care decisions continues to evolve at a rapid pace. In the field of neurodegenerative disorders, a goal is to augment subjective patient-reported inputs with patient-independent verifiable data that can be used to recommend interventive measures. For example, in the case of Alzheimer's disease, such tools might preselect patients in the presymptomatic and prodromal phases for definitive positron emission tomographic analysis, allowing accurate staging of disease and providing a reference point for subsequent therapeutic and other measures. Selection of appropriate and meaningful digital biomarkers to pursue, however, requires deep understanding of the disease state and its ecological relationship to the instrumental activities of daily living scale. Similar opportunities and challenges exist in a number of other chronic disease states including Parkinson's, Huntington's, and Duchenne's disease, multiple sclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. This review will highlight progress in device technology, the need for holistic approaches for data inputs, and regulatory pathways for adoption. The review focuses on published work from the period 2012-2017 derived from online searches of the most widely used abstracting portals.
Patient-specific three-dimensional printed pulmonary artery model: A preliminary study
Authors: Aldosari Sultan , Squelch Andrew , Sun Zhonghua
Published: March 2018

ABSTRACT

Background and Objectives:

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has potential value in medical applications with increasing reports in the diagnostic assessment of cardiovascular diseases. The use of 3D printing in replicating pulmonary artery anatomy and diagnosing pulmonary embolism is very limited. The purpose of this study was to develop a 3D printed pulmonary artery model and test different computed tomography (CT) scanning protocols for determination of an optimal protocol with acceptable image quality but low radiation dose.

Materials and Methods:

A patient-specific 3D printed pulmonary artery model was created based on contrast-enhanced CT images in a patient with suspected pulmonary embolism. Different CT pulmonary angiography protocols consisting of 80, 100, and 120 kVp, pitch 0.7, 0.9, and 1.2 with 1 mm slice thickness, and 0.6 mm reconstruction interval were tested on the phantom. Quantitative assessment of image quality in terms of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was measured in the images acquired with different protocols. Measurements in pulmonary artery diameters were conducted and compared between pre- and post-3D printed images and 3D printed model.

Results:

The 3D printed model was found to replicate normal pulmonary artery with high accuracy. The mean difference in diameter measurements was <0.8 mm (<0.5% deviation in diameter). There was no significant difference in SNR measured between these CT protocols (P = 0.96-0.99). Radiation dose was reduced by 55% and 75% when lowering kVp from 120 to 100 and 80 kVp, without affecting image quality.

Conclusions:

It is feasible to produce a 3D printed pulmonary artery model with high accuracy in replicating normal anatomy. Different CT scanning protocols are successfully tested on the model with 80 kVp and pitch 0.9 being the optimal one with resultant diagnostic images but at much lower radiation dose.
Uromodulin rs4293393 T>C variation is associated with kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kumar Vinod , Yadav Ashok Kumar , Kumar Vivek , Bhansali Anil , Jha Vivekanand
Published: March 2018

Background & objectives:

Uromodulin, a UMOD gene encoded glycoprotein is synthesized exclusively in renal tubular cells and released into urine. Mutations lead to uromodulin misfolding and retention in the kidney, where it might stimulate cells of immune system to cause inflammation and progression of kidney disease. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified UMOD locus to be associated with hypertension and diabetic nephropathy (DN). In this study, we investigated the association between rs4293393 variation in UMOD gene and susceptibility to kidney disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods:

A total of 646 individuals, 208 with T2DM without evidence of kidney disease (DM), 221 with DN and 217 healthy controls (HC) were genotyped for UMOD variant rs4293393T>C by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum uromodulin levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results:

A significant difference was found in genotype and allelic frequency among DM, DN and HC. TC+CC genotype and C allele were found more frequently in DN compared to HC (33.9 vs 23.0%, P=0.011 and 20.1 vs 12.9%, P=0.004, respectively). Compared to DM, C allele was found to be more frequent in individuals with DN (20.1 vs 14.7%, P=0.034). Those with DN had higher serum uromodulin levels compared to those with DM (P=0.001). Serum uromodulin levels showed a positive correlation with serum creatinine (r=0.431; P<0.001) and negative correlation with estimated glomerular filtration rate (r=−0.423; P<0.001).

Interpretation & conclusions:

The frequency of UMOD rs4293393 variant with C allele was significantly higher in individuals with DN. UMOD rs4293393 T>C variation might have a bearing on susceptibility to nephropathy in north Indian individuals with type 2 diabetes.
Microstructure and Wear Properties of Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Steel Powder Added Steel-Based Composite Material for Automotive Part
Authors: Kim Young-Kyun , Park Jong-Kwan , Lee Kee-Ahn
Published: March 2018

In order to expand the application of oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) steel, a composite material is manufactured by adding mechanically alloyed ODS steel powder to conventional steel and investigated in terms of microstructure and wear properties. For comparison, a commercial automobile part material is also tested. Initial microstructural observations confirm that the composite material with added ODS steel contains i) a pearlitic Fe matrix area and ii) an area with Cr-based carbides and ODS steel particles in the form of a Fe-Fe3C structure. In the commercial material, various hard Co-, Fe-Mo-, and Cr-based particles are present in a pearlitic Fe matrix. Wear testing using the VSR engine simulation wear test confirms that the seatface widths of the composite material with added ODS steel and the commercial material are increased by 24% and 47%, respectively, with wear depths of 0.05 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. The ODS steel-added composite material shows better wear resistance. Post-wear-testing surface and cross-sectional observations show that particles in the commercial material easily fall off, while the ODS steel-added material has an even, smooth wear surface.
Непрерывные выборки в несимметричных пространствах
Authors: Tsar'kov Igor' Germanovich
Published: March 2018

Изучаются множества, обладающие непрерывной $\varepsilon$-выборкой, в несимметричных полунормированных и полуметрических пространствах. Для замкнутых множеств в полном симметризуемом полунормированном пространстве получена характеризация обладания этими множествами непрерывной $\varepsilon$-выборкой для всех $\varepsilon>0$. Получены достаточные условия существования непрерывных выборок в полунормированных линейных пространствах и полуметрических полулинейных пространствах. Получены приложения к обобщенным рациональным дробям в несимметричном пространстве непрерывных функций и полулинейному пространству $\mathbf{L}_h$, состоящему из всех ограниченных выпуклых множеств, с метрикой Хаусдорфа. В пространстве $\mathbf{L}_h$ получена метрическо-топологическая теорема о неподвижной точке многозначного устойчивого отображения.
Библиография: 17 названий.
Погружения окружности в поверхность
Authors: Melikhov Sergey Aleksandrovich
Published: March 2018

Погружения $f$ окружности в двумерное многообразие $M$ расклассифицированы в терминах элементарных инвариантов: четности $S(f)$ числа двойных точек самотрансверсальной $C^1$-аппроксимации $f$
и числа вращения $T(e\overline f)$ погружения $e\overline f\colon S^1\to M_f\subset\mathbb R^2$, где $\overline f$ - поднятие $f$ в накрытие $M_f$ поверхности $M$, соответствующее подгруппе $\langle[f]\rangle\subset\pi_1(M)$.
А именно, погружения $f,g\colon S^1\to M$ регулярно гомотопны, если и только если они гомотопны, и если $M=S^2$ или $M=\mathbb R P^2$ или нормальное расслоение $\nu(f)$ неориентируемо, то $S(f)=S(g)$; если $M\ne S^2$, $M\ne \mathbb R P^2$ и $\nu(f)$, $\nu(g)$ имеют ориентации $o$, $o'$, согласованные относительно гомотопии, то $T(e_o\overline f)=T(e_{o'}\overline g)$, где $e_o$ - стандартное вложение ориентированной поверхности $M_f$ (кольца или плоскости) в $\mathbb R^2$.
В действительности, для гомотопных погружений $f$, $g$ как $S(f)-S(g)$, так и $T(e_o\overline f)-T(e_{o'}\overline g)$ сводятся к числу вращения поднятия некоторого нульгомотопного погружения $f#g^*$ на универсальное накрытие $M$.
Выше погружения $S^1\to M$ гладкие или топологические; приводится теорема сглаживания, показывающая, что это не имеет значения. Также получена классификация погружений графа в $M$ с точностью до регулярной гомотопии в терминах инвариантов $S(f)$ и $T(e_o\overline f)$ погруженных окружностей. Доказательства основаны на h-принципе и несложны.
Библиография: 13 названий.
Фактор Дебая-Валлера в рассеянии нейтронов ферромагнитными металлами
Authors: Paradezhenko Georgii Vitalievich , Melnikov Nikolai Borisovich , Reser Boris Il'ich
Published: March 2018

Получено выражение для сечения рассеяния нейтронов в случае произвольного взаимодействия нейтрона с кристаллом. Дан краткий и простой вывод формулы для фактора Дебая-Валлера как функции вектора рассеяния и температуры. Для ферромагнитных металлов выше температуры Кюри получена оценка фактора Дебая-Валлера в диапазоне значений вектора рассеяния, характерных для эксперимента по поляризованному магнитному рассеянию нейтронов. На примере железа проведено сравнение результатов гармонического и ангармонического приближений.
Cartografías urbanas: la representación gráfica del conflicto en los espacios públicos
Authors: Moral Andrés Fernando , Merino Gómez Elena
Published: March 2018

La contemporaneidad ha representado, en diferentes formatos, situaciones socialmente inestables y capaces de transformar los espacios públicos urbanos. El siglo xxi, en sus inicios, ha dado muestras de lo anterior, generando documentos de calidad técnica irregular pero de indudable interés. Quienes los han elaborado han participado, en ocasiones de manera individual y en otras como colectivo, creando unas planimetrías que contribuyen al entendimiento de situaciones conflictivas en la Europa actual. Este contexto ha hecho que se produzca una renovada lectura y generación de mapas que reflejan estas convulsiones sociopolíticas. Frente a planos de carácter preciso y con afán de registro de la realidad, frente a documentos propositivos que recogen la evolución planificada en el tiempo de poblaciones y territorios, presentamos unas cartografías que, simultáneamente, contemplan transformaciones imprevistas de la ciudad existente, de carácter efímero, al tiempo que establecen desarrollos futuros de incierta materialización. Es un conjunto singular de documentos que concentran capas de información cartográfica y social trascendentes para nuestra época.
Bóvedas construidas como arcos en la arquitectura de Baldomar
Authors: Navarro Camallonga Pablo , Rabasa Díaz Enrique
Published: March 2018

El auge de la Corona de Aragón en el siglo xv va a propiciar en la arquitectura notables progresos. El caso del maestro Francesc Baldomar (activo entre 1425- 1476) es probablemente el más destacado en Valencia, pues dirigirá las obras más significativas de la ciudad. En estas, además, demostrará su maestría y su avanzado control de la geometría aportando soluciones de gran complejidad, e incluso un nuevo tipo de bóveda.
conversando con...EMILIO TUÑÓN (parte I): Dibujar para entender. El dibujo como medio de análisis y conocimiento.
Authors: Raposo Grau Javier Fco. , Salgado de la Rosa Mariasun , Butragueño Díaz-Guerra Belén
Published: March 2018

Emilio Tuñón Álvarez, 1959. Arquitecto por la Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid (ETSAM), 1981; Doctor Arquitecto, 2000; Catedrático de Proyectos Arquitectónicos de la ETSAM, 2016. Medalla de Oro al Mérito en las Bellas Artes por el gobierno de España, 2014; Premio Mies van der Rohe, 2007; Premio de Arquitectura Contemporánea de la Unión Europea, 2007; Premio Nacional de Arquitectura Española, 2003; Premios FAD, 2001, 2007 y 2011.

Tal y como indica su web profesional, sus artículos y sus proyectos, ganadores en multitud de ocasiones de diversos concursos públicos de arquitectura, han sido publicados por numerosas revistas nacionales e internacionales, y su trabajo se recoge en numerosas monografías, de entre las cuales podemos destacar las publicadas por la revista AV Proyectos 65 en 2014 y la revista El Croquis 161 en 2012, Mansilla + Tuñón Architects, publicado por Edil Stampa en 2012, revista AV Monografías 144 en 2011, Mansilla + Tuñón publicado por Electa en 2007, el Croquis 115-116 (II) en 2003, revista 2G, 27 en 2003.
La habitación de Escher
Authors: Cabezos Bernal Pedro M. , Cisneros Vivó Juan J.
Published: March 2018

Este artículo nace como un juego en el que se relacionan arte, geometría, física y matemáticas para desvelar un espacio que permanecía atrapado en forma de reflejo en una de obras más conocidas del fascinante artista neerlandés M. C. Escher, titulada: Mano con esfera reflejante. Esta obra es un autorretrato en el que el artista reproduce su propia mano sujetando un globo especular en el que él mismo se ve reflejado sentado en su estudio de Roma. Gracias a la meticulosidad y a la perfección con la que el artista ejecutaba sus obras ha sido posible restituir este espacio a partir de su reflejo, mediante un software diseñado específicamente para la ocasión que transforma el reflejo en un panorama esférico de la escena, en la que podremos sentirnos inmersos junto al desaparecido artista, gracias a las novedosas técnicas y visores de realidad virtual.
El dibujo de Pedro Muguruza: una vivienda para el marqués de Ibarra en Madrid
Authors: Castaño Perea Enrique , Bustos Juez Carlota
Published: March 2018

A principios del siglo xx se desarrolló en España un estilo ecléctico que se puede reconocer en numerosos edificios de vivienda que pueblan los centros de las ciudades españolas. En este artículo se analizan los dibujos realizados por Pedro Muguruza para la vivienda madrileña del II Marqués de Ibarra (1929), que se reconocen como un ejemplo de esta forma de proyectar y de construir. Los dibujos de Muguruza permiten, además de conocer mejor al arquitecto dibujante, mostrar una arquitectura dibujada –y su proceso creativo–, referencia de la característica arquitectónica del primer cuarto del siglo pasado.
Reconstrucción virtual de la desaparecida almazara Puente de Tablas de Priego de Córdoba
Authors: López Quintero Javier Luis , García Molina Diego Francisco , Montes Tubio Francisco de Paula
Published: March 2018

La emblemática almazara Puente de Tablas situada en Priego de Córdoba se ha perdido con el paso de los años debido a las diferentes obras de urbanización y reconstrucción realizadas en la zona. Este artículo resume tanto el estudio de la ubicación como de la reconstrucción virtual 3D de todos sus componentes constructivos y funcionales, valiéndose del descubrimiento del plano inédito conservado desde 1802 –época en la que la almazara aún estaba activa– en el Archivo de la Real Chancillería de Granada. También se hace uso de: (a) los escasos restos que aún perduran, (b) los estudios arqueológicos realizados en esta ubicación, (c) construcciones similares en comarcas cercanas, así como de (d) las últimas técnicas de levantamiento de patrimonio cultural existentes realizadas con escáner láser.
James Craufurd Gregory, 19Th Century Scottish Physicians, and the Link between Occupation as a Coal Miner and Lung Disease
Authors: Donaldson K , Wallace WA , Elliott T , Henry C
Published: March 2018

By the mid-19th century about 200,000 miners were employed in a UK coal mining industry still growing with the advances of the Industrial Revolution. Coal miners were long known to suffer poor health but the link to inhaling dust in the mines had not been made. In 1813 George Pearson was the first to suggest that darkening of lungs seen in normal individuals as they aged was caused by inhaled soot from burning oil, candles and coal, which were the common domestic sources of heat and light. In 1831 Dr James Craufurd Gregory first described black pigmentation and disease in the lungs of a deceased coal miner and linked this to pulmonary accumulation of coal mine dust. Gregory hypothesised that the black material seen at autopsy in the collier's lungs was inhaled coal dust and this was confirmed by chemical analysis carried out by Professor Sir Robert Christison. Gregory suggested that coal dust was the cause of the disease and warned physicians in mining areas to be vigilant for the disease. This first description of what came to be known as ‘coal worker's pneumoconiosis’ sparked a remarkable intellectual effort by physicians in Scotland, culminating in a large body of published work that led to the first understandings of this disease and its link to coal-blackened lungs. This paper sets out the history of the role of Scottish physicians in gaining this understanding of coal worker's pneumoconiosis. It describes Gregory's case and the lung - recently discovered in the pathology collection of the Surgeons’ Hall Museums, Edinburgh, where it has lain unnoticed for over 180 years - on which Gregory based his landmark paper.
Resonance and Dissonance Asymmetry in Effective Physician–Patient Relationships
Authors: Dyck L
Published: March 2018

This paper examines the proposed asymmetry that should occur between resonance and dissonance in physician–patient relationships in favour of resonance to facilitate an effective relationship. Resonance is represented by the positive emotional attractor, which comprises patients’ conscious preferred future or ideal self, and dissonance is expressed by the negative emotional attractor and consists of the gaps between patients’ ideal and real self or their fears, problems, and shortfalls. Intentional change theory is reviewed to optimise the physician–patient relationship. Concepts from complexity theory and recent research on emotions are used to explain positive and negative emotional attractors. The role of resonance and dissonance in physician–patient relationships is discussed along with how behaviour can be changed with positive and negative emotional attractors. This paper focuses on the quality and effectiveness of physician–patient relationships for physicians who create high versus low positive emotional attractor/negative emotional attractor ratios. Two theoretical propositions are offered and the research and practice implications are explained.