bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Children Left Behind
Authors: Rosas Ana Elizabeth
Published: June 2015

Using a combination of oral life history interviews, field observation, and conversations with undocumented Mexican immigrant parents raising children born in the United States in South Central Los Angeles, California, this in-depth consideration of the state of emergency they face as a result of the U.S. government's implementation of the Criminal Alien Program (CAP) and Secure Communities Program (SCP) reveals their uniquely local and transnational confrontation of an increasingly insecure family situation that stretches across the U.S.-Mexico border and throughout U.S. inner cities, like South Central Los Angeles. The visibly public alienation these children, most recently identified as citizen kids endure makes evident that tragically they are most vulnerable to the indignities born out of these programs. The convergence of minor offenses committed by their parents, the illegality of their immigration status, and these children's U.S. citizenship status have paved the way for an incalculable loss that is most palpable when pausing to observe their multifaceted alienation. The relationship between these children's citizenship status, family relationships, day to day interactions, and these program's implementation reveals an underestimated yet infinitely tragic state of emergency.
The Invasion of Echo Park
Authors: Hsu Hsuan L.
Published: June 2015

A review of Brando Skyhorse's The Madonna's of Echo Park.
Of California
Authors: Cole Catherine M.
Published: June 2015

"Californians, this is the time for us to do our utmost for the University because it has done its utmost for us,” said Chief Justice Earl Warren at the April 1967 convocation at Berkeley. And what a time it was—on the heels of the Free Speech Movement in 1964, the Vietnam Day marches in 1965, an escalation of anti-war protests in 1966, and, in January of 1967, the dramatic firing of UC President Clark Kerr by Governor Ronald Regan at a meeting of the Board Regents. The following year the University of California would celebrate its hundredth year, and to celebrate this, the UC hired photographer Ansel Adams to take thousands of images of the rapidly expanding UC system. Adams was charged to take photographs of the future. What might these images from futures past tell us about the future for both this university and the state to which it belongs?
Echoes of Magón
Authors: Martínez Rubén
Published: June 2015

An essay examining the influence of Ricardo Flores Magón, a 19th-century Mexican revolutionary, on the Occupy LA movement.
California's Voter Registration Rates
Authors: Fox Mindy Romero and Jonathan
Published: June 2015

Voter turnout is understood in two different ways. The easiest to measure is turnout as a share of already-registered voters. For understanding who is represented in our electorate, the more accurate indicator is voter turnout as a share of eligible voters. The following graph demonstrates the historical turnout trends for California’s electorate, seen through both of these lenses. Over the last forty years, registered turnout in the state has fluctuated significantly. State voter turnout rates have also varied significantly by county. A key contributor to these uneven turnout rates is the state’s ability to successfully register voters across its counties, ultimately impacting democratic representation.
California Son
Authors: Powell Alison
Published: June 2015

This essay reflects on the life and service of late U.S. Ambassador to Libya, Chris Stevens, also known as J. Christopher Stephens, and focuses on his roots as a Californian. Stevens is best known as the ambassador who died in Benghazi, Libya, on September 11, 2012. The essay examines geographical perspective and orientation, the emotional effects of differing topography, the meanings of “here” vs. “there,” and “home” vs. “away.” In particular, the essay reflects on the orientation of Ambassador Stevens in terms of his place in the world. To those at home he was going away from the center of his world. To those he worked with in the Middle East he came to the center, which was where he knew he needed to be.
On Becoming a Historic Resident of Oakland
Authors: Winstead Brock
Published: June 2015

This article recounts the history of the author's house and surrounding area in the Golden Gate neighborhood of Oakland, California, from the pre-colonial era to the present. The article emphasizes the repeated instances of displacement of one class of residents by another: colonization by the Spanish, the post-Gold Rush Anglo takeover, agriculture giving way to suburban development, the African American migration to Oakland, and contemporary gentrification. The author positions the current wave of gentrification and displacement in his neighborhood and city in the context of that history.
A New Deal for California
Authors: Brechin Gray
Published: June 2015

This essay explains the genesis and explosive growth of the online Living New Deal, an unprecedented team effort to inventory, map, and interpret the immense public works legacy of Franklin Roosevelt’s work relief programs designed to extricate the United States from the Great Depression. Based at the University of California Berkeley Department of Geography, the project has both preservation and public policy components, demonstrating the many immediate and long-term benefits of Roosevelt’s stimulus programs in contrast to the damage wrought by neoliberal austerity.
On the Road Again
Authors: Paul Stan
Published: June 2015

Photographer and writer Stan Paul explores life, the city, highway, and street views between UCLA and the Inland Empire/Riverside from his unique viewpoint as a vanpool commuter primarily along California’s I-10 and Highway 60. His photographic chronicle of commuting, seeks to capture both the historic and contemporary aspects of the city through its architecture, signage, modes of transportation, and literary places. Daily attention to the sights, weather, seasons, change of light, construction, graffiti, juxtaposition of images, ephemera, and ironies of the city as seen from the highway are the focus of this long-term project.
Always in Thresholds
Authors: Wyatt Jonathan
Published: June 2015

This essay resists the binaries that the threshold often seems to imply and works towards a notion of thresholds as multiplicitous and always present. The author provides an account of the anxiety-filled process of writing this essay and the here-and-now thresholds involved; and through this he argues for scholarship that embraces the discomfort—the terror—of the threshold.
Musical Emotions Predicted by Feelings of Entrainment
Authors: Labbé Carolina , Grandjean Didier
Published: June 2015

In our study, two groups of participants (n = 61 and n = 58) listened to nine pieces for solo violin and rated how they felt along an affect dimension and along the nine Geneva Emotional Music Scale dimensions. After each piece, they completed a 12-item questionnaire corresponding to subjective entrainment reports. A factorial analysis of this Musical Entrainment Questionnaire revealed a two-factor solution, with Visceral Entrainment (VE) corresponding to sensations of internal bodily entrainment and Motor Entrainment (ME) reflecting participants’ inclination to move to the beat. These findings represent, to the best of our knowledge, the first empirical evidence for the existence of two components underlying entrainment capable of predicting specific emotional responses to music. Indeed, although both factors predicted Affect, Joyful activation, Transcendence, Wonder, Power, and Tenderness dimensions, only VE predicted Nostalgia and Sadness. Moreover, Peacefulness was mostly predicted by ME, whereas Tension was mostly predicted by VE.
“Birth Mothers Are Not Bad People”
Authors: Baxter Leslie A. , Scharp Kristina M. , Asbury Bryan , Jannusch Amber , Norwood Kristen M.
Published: June 2015

Using a dialogic lens, this study investigated identity constructions of birth mothers articulated in their online adoption stories. Birth mother stories were characterized by two identity constructions, both of which resisted the dominant discourse of intensive mothering, which positions them as bad mothers. Stories depicted birth mothers either as good mothers or as agentic and self-fulfi lling non-mothers. These respective identity constructions counter the dominant discourse either by working within it to reappropriate the components of good mothering or by undermining its legitimacy by shedding the identity of “mother” altogether.
“Your Kids or Your Job”
Authors: Miller-Day Michelle
Published: June 2015

Contexts of poverty seem to magnify vulnerabilities in mothers, especially women who have few resources for coping and little support in parenting. Adding to the challenges of poverty are government mandates to move women off of welfare into the workforce. Focusing on the experiences of four mothers who moved from welfare into the low-wage workforce and then back to unemployment, this study offers a description of how these mothers and their adolescent children navigate and make sense of low-wage work, family life, and cumulative disadvantage.
Public Hearings about Same-Sex Marriage
Authors: Tracy Karen
Published: June 2015

This study analyzes public hearings about same-sex marriage to show how the contexts that are established for citizens' and legislators' talk make arguments about the issue being disputed. Situated within the traditions of argument studies and discourse analysis, the article explores different meanings of “context.” The study evidences how two sets of context features created positive (or negative) stances toward the issue of same-sex marriage, and shows that how the controversy was formulated and how participation was designed gave distinct advantages to speakers advocating for (or against) same-sex marriage. The final section draws out implications of these legislative choices for citizen presenters and for the officials themselves as the enactors and guardians of democratic process.
The Joys of Autoethnography
Authors: Adams Tony E.
Published: June 2015

In this essay, I illustrate how autoethnography can make more meaningful, socially-relevant communication research possible. I also describe six interrelated joys of autoethnography, specifi cally the joys of (a) writing through pain, confusion, anger, and uncertainty; (b) illuminating nuances—complexities—of cultural phenomena; (c) creating accessible and engaging texts; (d) generating insider knowledge; (e) granting a person the ability to (re)claim voice on a taboo, silenced topic; and (f) making life better.
Joyful Moments of Sorrow
Authors: Myers W. Benjamin
Published: June 2015

This autoethnography describes my coming out as an atheist to my religious parents. The joy and freedom of outing oneself is contrasted with the diffi culty of the process. This moment of outing is one of joy, though a joy not absent of sorrow. The experience of freeing myself from the religious closet offers an opportunity to refl ect on what a complicated (and autoethnographic) version of joy might look like.
Interaction between the trout mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors in vitro
Authors: Kiilerich Pia , Triqueneaux Gérard , Christensen Nynne Meyn , Trayer Vincent , Terrien Xavier , Lombès Marc , Prunet Patrick
Published: June 2015

The salmonid corticosteroid receptors (CRs), glucocorticoid receptors 1 and 2 (GR1 and GR2) and the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) share a high degree of homology with regard to structure, ligand- and DNA response element-binding, and cellular co-localization. Typically, these nuclear hormone receptors homodimerize to confer transcriptional activation of target genes, but a few studies using mammalian receptors suggest some degree of heterodimerization. We observed that the trout MR confers a several fold lower transcriptional activity compared to the trout GRs. This made us question the functional relevance of the MR when this receptor is located in the same cells as the GRs and activated by cortisol. A series of co-transfection experiments using different glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) containing promoter-reporter constructs were carried out to investigate any possible interaction between the piscine CRs. Co-transfection of the GRs with the MR significantly reduced the total transcriptional activity even at low MR levels, suggesting interaction between these receptors. Co-transfection of GR1 or GR2 with the MR did not affect the subcellular localization of the GRs, and the MR-mediated inhibition seemed to be independent of specific activation or inhibition of the MR. Site-directed mutagenesis of the DNA-binding domain and dimerization interface of the MR showed that the inhibition was dependent on DNA binding but not necessarily on dimerization ability. Thus, we suggest that the interaction between MR and the GRs may regulate the cortisol response in cell types where the receptors co-localize and propose a dominant-negative role for the MR in cortisol-mediated transcriptional activity.
Demethylation of the MafB promoter in a compromised β-cell model
Authors: Nishimura Wataru , Ishibashi Naoko , Eto Koki , Funahashi Nobuaki , Udagawa Haruhide , Miki Harukata , Oe Souichi , Noda Yasuko , Yasuda Kazuki
Published: June 2015

Recent studies suggest that dedifferentiation of pancreatic β-cells is involved in compromised β-cell function in diabetes mellitus. We have previously shown that the promoter activity of MafB, which is expressed in α-cells of adult islets and immature β-cells in embryonic pancreas but not in mature β-cells in mice, is increased in compromised β-cells of diabetic model mice. Here, we investigated a rat β-cell line of INS1 cells with late-passage numbers, which showed extremely low expression of MafA and insulin, as an in vitro model of compromised β-cells. In these INS1 cells, the mRNA expression and the promoter activity of MafB were upregulated compared with the early-passage (‘conventional’) INS1 cells. Analysis of the MafB promoter in these late-passage INS1 cells revealed that specific CpG sites in the MafB promoter were partially demethylated. The reporter assay revealed that the unmethylated promoter activity of the 373 bp region containing these CpG sites was higher than the in vitro methylated promoter activity. These results suggest that the chronic culture of the rat β-cell line resulted in partial DNA demethylation of the MafB promoter, which may have a role in MafB promoter activation and possible dedifferentiation in our compromised β-cell model.
Impact of scavenging hydrogen peroxide in the endoplasmic reticulum for β cell function
Authors: Lortz S , Lenzen S , Mehmeti I
Published: June 2015

Oxidative folding of nascent proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), catalysed by one or more members of the protein disulfide isomerase family and the sulfhydryl oxidase ER oxidoreductin 1 (ERO1), is accompanied by generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Because of the high rate of insulin biosynthesis and the low expression of H2O2-inactivating enzymes in pancreatic β cells, it has been proposed that the luminal H2O2concentration might be very high. As the role of this H2O2in ER stress and proinsulin processing is still unsolved, an ER-targeted and luminal-active catalase variant, ER-Catalase N244, was expressed in insulin-secreting INS-1E cells. In these cells, the influence of ER-specific H2O2removal on cytokine-mediated cytotoxicity and ER stress, insulin gene expression, insulin content and secretion was analysed. The expression of ER-Catalase N244 reduced the toxicity of exogenously added H2O2significantly with a threefold increase of the EC50value for H2O2. However, the expression of cytokine-induced ER stress genes and viability after incubation with β cell toxic cytokines (IL1β alone or together with TNFα+IFNγ) was not affected by ER-Catalase N244. In control and ER-Catalase N244 expressing cells, insulin secretion and proinsulin content was identical, while removal of luminal H2O2reduced insulin gene expression and insulin content in ER-Catalase N244 expressing cells. These data show that ER-Catalase N244 reduced H2O2toxicity but did not provide protection against pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated toxicity and ER stress. Insulin secretion was not affected by decreasing H2O2in the ER in spite of a reduced insulin transcription and processing.
Fruit quality and production of Vitis vinifera L. Chardonnay affected by partial defoliation in tropical highlands
Authors: Peña Olmos Jaime Ernesto , Casierra Posada Fánor
Published: June 2015

Using a completely randomized design with two treatments (50% defoliation and a control without defoliation) and six replications per treatment, the fruit quality and production of grape plants subjected to early partial-defoliation in Villa de Leyva - Colombia were determined. Five-year-old Vitis vinifera L. 'Chardonnay' plants were used as the plant material, planted in a trellis system with distances of 2.1 x 1 m. The plants were partially defoliated biweekly, removing every other recently emerged leaf in each of the plants subjected to the defoliation treatment. 130 days after the start of the pruning, the number of harvested clusters was determined for each of the evaluated plants along with the number of berries per cluster, the fresh weight of the clusters, the average berry weight, the fruit pH and diameter, the total soluble solids (TSS), the total titratable acidity (TTA) and the fruit maturity index (MI). The average weights of the clusters and the berries were significantly higher in the plants subjected to a reduced foliar area. All of the fruit quality parameter values increased with defoliation with the exception of TTA, which was higher in the control plants. Therefore, it was concluded that partial-defoliation had a pronounced influence on the fruit quality and production of the 'Chardonnay' grapes.
CO2 soil emission under different methods of oil palm replanting
Authors: Bayona Rodríguez Cristihian Jarri , Ávila Diazgranados Rodrigo Andrés , Rincón Numpaque Álvaro Hernán , Romero Angulo Hernán Mauricio
Published: June 2015

Colombian oil palm plantations have started a large-scale replanting phase. The replanting process has an effect on the disposal of biomass, plant health management, and agro-ecological conditions due to the disturbance that is generated. This document addresses soil respiration (CO2 flux) as a response variable of crop replanting. Seven renovation methods used in Colombia were tested. The measurements were taken over time after the disturbance and planting of the new crop. This study was carried out in the municipality of Tumaco between August of 2009 and June of 2011 using 7 methods of renovation and 4 stages of crop development. The CO2 flow was measured at 12 points in each plot. There were no significant differences for the CO2 emission among the replanting methods. The average value for respiration was 929 mg CO2 m-2 h-1 (± 270.3); however, significant differences were found over time. This response was not related to fluctuations of soil temperature and moisture; therefore, there should be an associated response to biotic factors (microbial organisms) not established in this study. The values suggested that the soil of the plots under a replanting process emitted considerable quantities of carbon into the atmosphere, but the emissions declined over time and, in turn, were offset by the photosynthesis of the new crop (14 μ CO2 m-2s-1 ± 1.4, data not shown), creating an overall positive carbon balance.
Evaluation of the fertilizer and contamination potential of different broiler litter types subjected to various use cycles
Authors: Zapata Marín Olga Lucía , Ferreira Tinôco Ilda De Fátima , Osorio Saraz Jairo Alexander , Souza Cecilia De Fátima , Araujo Vieira María De Fatima
Published: June 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate two types of poultry bedding litter (wood shavings and coffee husks) with increasing use cycles, the best time to proceed with composting based on the carbon/nitrogen ratio and the ability to generate ammonia. The results obtained with the present experiment conditions indicated that the litter with wood shavings in the first cycle and the litter with coffee husks in the first and second cycles presented the best behavior in terms of the C/N ratio needed for later use as compost. In regards to the contamination potential, it was found that increasing the number of reutilizations for both the wood-shaving and coffee-husk litters resulted in a greater ammonia emission.
The impact of storage conditions on the stability of sugarcane powder biofortified with kefir grains
Authors: Salazar Alzate Blanca Cecilia , Cortés Rodríguez Misael , Montoya Campuzano Olga Inés
Published: June 2015

The goal of this research project was to assess the quality of sugarcane powder, during storage, that had been biofortified with kefir grains (SP+KG). The powder was obtained by spray drying (SD) sugarcane concentrate that was previously fermented with kefir grains (KG). Maltodextrin, 20% w/w, was used as a drying additive, and high viability of the microbial consortium (lactobacilli, lactococci and yeast) was always sought in order to obtain a functional food enriched with probiotic microorganisms, which facilitate storage and consumption. The product was packed, both vacuum (V) and non-vacuum (WV), and stored at 10, 20 and 30°C for 180 days. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the survival rate of lactobacilli and lactococci for the time, temperature and packaging type (PT) factors; however, the yeast showed no significant differences for the PT factor. For the survival of yeast, lactococci and lactobacilli, the best temperature was 10°C and the best packaging type was V. The survival rates reached with these conditions were 62.82% (yeast), 81.22% (lactococci) and 87.82% (lactobacilli). In addition, the levels attained in terms of physical and chemical properties defined the quality specifications of the product. The sugarcane matrix is an effective vehicle of components with physiological activity such as the microorganisms present in kefir. This qualifies the product as a potential functional food.
Effect of postproduction heating on the texture properties of a standard sausage that contains a chicken paste meat extender
Authors: González Rodríguez Diana Marcela , Giraldo Lopera Elizabeth , Restrepo Molina Diego Alonso
Published: June 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the texture properties of a standard sausage that contained a chicken meat extender at a replacement percentage of 35% of the PMD when subjected to postproduction heating. An experimental design that looked at the combination of three extenders in ten mixture points was used; the extenders were composed of fiber, pig skin, and carrageenan, respectively, and there was one product without an extender. Five days after production, the sausages were cooked for two hours at 80°C. An instrumental texture analysis and a firmness and elasticity evaluation were carried out on the recently produced samples and on samples after the subsequent thermal treatments. Hardness, masticability and firmness decreased with the application of the thermal treatments. In addition, a synergistic interaction was seen between the fiber and the carrageenan at the two temperature levels. It was concluded that the fiber, the pig skin and the carrageenan did not exhibit properties that were similar to those of chicken paste because their applications demonstrated a marked decrease in the texture properties, a decrease that was more pronounced when the product was subjected to postproduction heating.
Agro-industrial fruit co-products in Colombia, their sources and potential uses in processed food industries: a review
Authors: Alarcón García Miguel Ángel , López Vargas Jairo Humberto , Restrepo Molina Diego Alonso
Published: June 2015

Fruit agribusinesses generate large amounts of by-products with diverse characteristics that are inherent to the fruits from which they come, which are a source of great use potential because their compositions include molecules that are currently of high interest (antioxidants and dietary fiber). It is clear that, without correct handling and disposal, theses fruits present a problem due to the environmental pollution that large quantities of residues can generate. Although there are varied uses for agro-industrial co-products, this review focused on the potential uses that co-products could have in different processed food matrices. In this sense, this paper led to the revelation that one of the principal objectives of the reviewed research was to condition co-products for use in processed foods in an attempt to take advantage of the bio-active compounds they contain, principally the natural antioxidant activity, which especially enjoys acceptance by consumers of processed foods.
LAS PROMESAS ELECTORALES DE LOS CANDIDATOS A LA PRESIDENCIA DE LA REPÚBLICA DE COSTA RICA, DIVULGADAS EN MEDIOS DE PRENSA ESCRITA, 2014
Authors: Nicolás Jiménez Yagnna , Alvarado Mena Edwin , Rodríguez Alvarado Jeff , Abarca Rodríguez Allan
Published: June 2015

Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación de seguimiento a la campaña electoral
2014, en Costa Rica. En las 350 ediciones impresas de los medios de prensa escrita La
Nación, Diario Extra y La Teja, correspondientes a la campaña electoral 2014 (período
comprendido entre el 2 de octubre de 2013 y el 1° de febrero de 2014) se divulgan 1417 promesas
electorales como parte de crónicas, reportajes o entrevistas realizadas a los candidatos
a la Presidencia de la República.
FAMILIA Y ADOLESCENCIA EN COSTA RICA. EL CASO DE LAS FAMILIAS EXPULSORAS
Authors: Prieto Cruz Olga
Published: June 2015

En el presente artículo se realiza un análisis de la problemática familiar que induce a los
miembros menores de edad a buscar la calle, conllevando a trabajar con el concepto de
“familias expulsoras”. Para ello se tiene en consideración cómo las condiciones sociales y
económicas vulnerables en que se encuentran estas familias, afectan su integración y por
ende, su rol social. Se hace una caracterización de estas familias, de manera que esto pueda
contribuir en la formulación de políticas sociales pertinentes.
EL MUNICIPIO DE SAN BLAS Y LAS POLÍTICAS PARA EL DESARROLLO RURAL EN NAYARIT, MÉXICO
Authors: López Regalado Francisca
Published: June 2015

En las últimas décadas, las agencias financieras internacionales han destacado la importancia
de las políticas públicas como dispositivo teórico y metodológico frente a la administración
pública centralizada. En el discurso de estos organismos, la participación social
y la descentralización son los ejes principales, mientras que desde una postura crítica, se
aprecia como una forma de apropiación de las demandas de la sociedad para la preservación
del poder de forma centralizada. En este marco, se analizan y discuten algunas modificaciones
en el Estado mexicano como las reformas al art. 115 constitucional y la Ley para el
Desarrollo Rural Sustentable (ldrs). Asimismo, esto se relaciona con los actores institucionales
y de la ruralidad del municipio de San Blas, para reflexionar sobre las limitaciones y
las posibilidades municipales en la definición de políticas para el desarrollo rural.
UNA FOTOGRAFÍA DE LA POBREZA DESDE LA INVESTIGACIÓN SOCIAL
Authors: Araya Umaña Sandra , Vásquez Sáenz Andrea
Published: June 2015

Este artículo sintetiza las diversas aprehensiones del concepto de pobreza, así como, los
enfoques para su estudio, lo cual se realizó por medio de un estado del arte que mapeó la
investigación en Costa Rica relacionada con la categoría pobreza y su vinculación con la
asistencia y la seguridad social durante el período comprendido entre 2000-2011. Como
principal hallazgo se encontró que la pobreza es un objeto recurrente de investigación,
desde el enfoque de bienestar económico con fuerte influencia de las conceptualizaciones
de los organismos internacionales.
Low-Temperature Processed Hybrid Organic/Silicon Solar Cells with Power Conversion Efficiency up to 6.5%
Authors: Weingarten M. , Zweipfennig T. , Vescan A. , Kalisch H.
Published: June 2015

Hybrid organic/silicon heterostructures have become of great interest for photovoltaic application due to their promising features (e.g. easy fabrication in a low-temperature process) for cost-effective photovoltaics. This work is focused on solar cells with a hybrid heterojunction between the polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and n-doped monocrystalline silicon. As semi-transparent top contact, a thin (15 nm) Au layer was employed. Devices with different P3HT thicknesses were processed by spin-casting and compared with a reference Au/n-Si Schottky diode solar cell.

The current density-voltage (J-V) measurements of the hybrid devices show a significant increase in open-circuit voltage (VOC) from 0.29 V up to 0.50 V for the best performing hybrid devices compared to the Schottky diode reference, while the short-circuit current density (JSC) does not change significantly. The increased VOC indicates that P3HT effectively reduces the reverse electron current into the gold contact. The wavelength-dependent JSC measurements show a decreased JSC in the wavelength range of P3HT absorption. This is related to the reduced JSC generation in silicon not being compensated by JSC generation in P3HT. It is concluded that the charge generation in P3HT is less efficient than in silicon.

After a thermal annealing of the hybrid P3HT/silicon solar cells, we achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCE) (AM1.5 illumination) up to 6.5% with VOC of 0.52 V, JSC of 18.6 mA/cm² and a fill factor (FF) of 67%. This is more than twice the efficiency of the reference Schottky diode.
Nonlinearity Found in Thermoelectric Devices Made of Heterogeneous Semiconductor Nanowire Networks
Authors: Norris Kate J. , Garrett Matthew P. , Zhang Junce , Coleman Elane , Tompa Gary S. , Kobayashi Nobuhiko P.
Published: June 2015

We present a concept to increase efficiencies utilizing nonlinear elements integrated with our semiconductor nanowire networks. Demonstrated here is power generation with thermoelectric devices made of two nanowire networks, one silicon and one indium phosphide, grown on a mechanically flexible copper substrate. Electron microscopy was utilized to characterize structural integrity of the nanowire networks. Non-linear current-voltage characteristics were observed, which suggests a new platform to increase maximum electrical power generation for a given temperature gradient.
Nachweis und Charakterisierung von Schlangenarenaviren bei lebenden Boas und Pythons in einem deutschen Zoo
Authors: Aqrawi T. , Stöhr A. C. , Knauf-Witzens T. , Krengel A. , Heckers K. O. , Marschang R. E.
Published: June 2015

Neue schlangenspezifische Arenaviren wurden vor kurzem bei Boas und Pythons mit der Einschlusskörperchenkrankheit (inclusion body disease, IBD) beschrieben. Ziel der Studie war, arenavirale RNA bei lebenden Schlangen nachzuweisen und festzustellen, ob Virus immer mit IBD bei den infizierten Schlangen assoziiert war. Proben für den Virusnachweis bei lebenden Tieren wurden verglichen. Ferner erfolgte ein Vergleich der nachgewiesenen Viren zur Feststellung ihrer genetischen Variabilität.

Von 28 Boas und Pythons wurden ösophageale Tupfer sowie Vollblut mittels RT-PCR auf arenavirale RNA und Blutausstriche auf Einschlüsse untersucht. Innere Organe von Tieren, die während der Studie starben oder euthanisiert wurden, unterlagen ebenfalls einer Untersuchung auf arenavirale RNA sowie auf Einschlusskörperchen. Alle PCR-Produkte wurden sequenziert und genomische Sequenzen phylogenetisch analysiert.

Arenaviren ließen sich bei neun lebenden Tieren sowie bei zwei Tieren nach der Sektion nachweisen. Die fünf detektierten neuen Arenaviren wurden “Boa Arenavirus Deutschland (Boa Av DE) Nummer 1–4” bzw. „Python Av DE1” genannte. Die Sequenzanalyse zeigte deutliche Ähnlichkeiten mit dem entsprechenden Abschnitt bei neu identifizierten Schlangenarenaviren.

Ösophageale Tupfer wie auch Vollblut können zum Nachweis von Arenaviren bei Schlangen eingesetzt werden. In den meisten Fällen korrelierte die Arenavirusinfektion mit dem Nachweis von Einschlüssen in den Organen. Es gab Hinweise darauf, dass in Einzelfällen arenavirusinfizierte Tiere wieder virusfrei werden können, ohne an IBD zu erkranken. Dies ist der erste Nachweis von Arenaviren bei lebenden Schlangen.

Der Arenavirusnachweis bei lebenden Schlangen hat Bedeutung für die Diagnose, Prävention und Quarantäne. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie unterstützen die Theorie, dass Arenaviren IBD verursachen, zeigen aber, dass infizierte Tiere Arenavirusinfektionen eventuell überstehen, ohne IBD zu entwickeln.
Gasification of petrochemical sludge in supercritical water
Authors: Zhang Lijie , Zhang Yunru , Zhao Tiantao
Published: June 2015

In wastewater treatment plants, petrochemical sludge is generated during the treatment of oily industrial wastewaters produced in petrochemical production. Although most of the oil floats on the wastewater, a portion is carried into the sludge with settling solids. The gasification of petrochemical sludge in supercritical water was investigated in a reactor at temperatures of 530–650°C, pressures of 26–42 MPa and residence times of 200–360 s. Pressure change was found to have no significant influence on gasification efficiency. Higher temperatures and longer residence times enhanced gasification efficiency, and lower temperatures favoured hydrogen production. The addition of potassium carbonate increased both the hydrogen fraction and the gas yield. The precipitated alkali in the reactor still showed a high catalytic effect on the subsequent gasification of petrochemical sludge without further alkali addition. The catalytic activity was slightly reduced because the potassium carbonate is transformed to potassium hydrogen carbonate.
Reações adversas causadas por antiparkinsonianos
Authors: Lopes Mariana Aparecida , Tanaka Érica Mayumi , Nishiyama Paula
Published: June 2015

A Doença de Parkinson (DP) acomete geralmente a população idosa que em sua maioria apresenta múltiplos problemas de saúde e faz uso de vários medicamentos, havendo assim uma grande probabilidade da ocorrência de eventos adversos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e caracterizar os medicamentos utilizados e as reações adversas apresentadas por portadores deste agravo, atendidos pelo Programa de Medicamentos Excepcionais (PME) da 15a Regional de Saúde do Paraná. O estudo foi realizado entre Agosto de 2008 e Julho de 2009. Os arquivos do PME foram utilizados para identificar os pacientes com DP. Foram realizadas visitas domiciliares para a coleta de dados. Dos 28 pacientes entrevistados, 19 (67,9%) eram homens e nove (32,1%) eram mulheres. A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 64,9 anos.  A maioria dos pacientes, 21,43% faz uso de levodopa/benserasida associada ao pramipexol. Com 17,86% dos pacientes, o uso de apenas pramipexol é o segundo esquema de tratamento mais utilizado. Dos 28 pacientes entrevistados, 16 (57,15%) apresentam ou apresentaram alguma reação adversa. Foram relatadas 14 formas de reações adversas, sendo as mais freqüentes xerostomia (6 casos – 17,65%), hipotensão ortostática (5 casos – 14,70%) e dor epigástrica (4 casos – 11,76%). Através dos dados coletados observa-se que grande parte dos pacientes faz uso de vários medicamentos e muitos apresentam ou já apresentaram reações adversas a medicamentos, o que demonstra a necessidade de uma orientação cuidadosa a esses pacientes para que, apesar das dificuldades, continuem o tratamento.
A segurança da mobilização precoce em pacientes críticos: uma revisão de literatura
Authors: Mota Caroline Mascarenhas , Silva Vanessa Gonçalves da
Published: June 2015

A imobilidade pode causar várias complicações que influenciam na recuperação de doenças críticas, incluindo atrofia e fraqueza muscular esquelética. Esse efeito pode ser reduzido com a realização de mobilização precoce no ambiente da UTI (Unidade de Terapia Intensiva), devendo ser considerados fatores neurológicos, circulatórios e respiratórios para a realização de uma mobilização precoce segura. Diante disso, este artigo tem como objetivo revisar a segurança da mobilização precoce em pacientes internados em uma UTI. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica através de uma busca nas bases de dados Medline (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Lilacs (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde) e Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online). A pesquisa bibliográfica resultou na obtenção de trinta e um artigos completos, dos quais foram incluídos aqueles que tinham relevância a cerca do tema em questão e selecionados cinco artigos a partir do critério de inclusão, os quais foram agrupados em uma tabela para a apresentação dos resultados. A quantidade de mobilizações realizadas encontrava-se entre 69 e 1449 sessões. A maioria dos artigos usou como critérios de mobilização os circulatórios, respiratórios e neurológicos. O tipo de atividade variou de movimento passivo à deambulação. Ocorreram eventos adversos em, apenas, 0,96% a 4,3% de todas as atividades realizadas. Com essa revisão foi constatada que a mobilização precoce é uma intervenção segura, que pode ser realizada em pacientes críticos internados em uma UTI.
Avaliação da doença periodontal em adultos na população quilombola
Authors: Bruno Iara Ferreira , Rosa Jamille Alves Araújo , De Melo Claúdia Moura , Oliveira Cristiane Costa da Cunha
Published: June 2015

O objetivo deste estudo epidemiológico foi analisar a condição periodontal de população adulta quilombola sergipana. Foram avaliados 29 sujeitos pertencentes à comunidade na faixa etária de 35 a 44 anos. Foi realizado levantamento epidemiológico bucal com utilização de uma ficha clínica padronizada para investigar a ocorrência de doença periodontal utilizando o Índice Periodontal Comunitário (CPI) que permite avaliar a condição periodontal quanto à higidez, sangramento e presença de cálculo ou bolsa. A análise estatística foi conduzida com cálculo da prevalência da doença periodontal na faixa etária estudada, e teste qui-quadrado para verificar as diferenças significativas das relações pesquisadas. Os resultados apontaram que entre os adultos da população quilombola do povoado Patioba, em Japaratuba-SE, Brasil, houve prevalência da doença periodontal, considerada alta (75,86%), sendo maior no 1º e 6º sextantes bucais. Ressalta-se a necessidade de políticas de saúde com enfoque maior na promoção de saúde bucal para os quilombolas sergipanos.
Material de Referência Certificado para Quantificação de DNA: importância forense
Authors: Garrido Rodrigo Grazinoli , De Moura Neto Rodrigo Soares
Published: June 2015

A qualidade nas medições é uma exigência social, de forma que os produtos da Ciência Forense não ficarão de fora desta demanda. Especificamente nas técnicas utilizadas atualmente na Genética Forense, a correta quantificação do DNA é essencial, pois as amostras, em geral são exíguas, deterioradas ou contaminadas com inibidores de PCR. Assim, trabalhar com concentrações desconhecidas, ou não confiáveis, pode acarretar em não obtenção de resultados ou em resultados duvidosos. Para evitar tais problemas, a produção de um Material de Referência Certificado (MRC) nacional para quantificação de DNA faz-se inadiável. Os caminhos para sua obtenção são apresentados neste trabalho.
Relação entre o risco de quedas e autonomia funcional em idosas ativas e sedentárias
Authors: Matos Sandro Leão , Lima Junior Luiz Cezar , Paz Ângelo de Almeida
Published: June 2015

O objetivo do presente estudo foi relacionar o risco de quedas com a autonomia funcional em idosas ativas e sedentárias. Justificativa: com o recente crescimento da população idosa, faz-se necessário implementar estudos sobre a autonomia funcional e risco de quedas em praticantes e não praticantes de atividades física. A amostra foi constituída por 17 mulheres, com idades entre 55 e 78 anos (média = 60,76 ± 4,8 anos), residentes da cidade de Aracaju, Estado de Sergipe. Os protocolos utilizados foram: (a) Protocolo GDLAM; (b) Protocolo Timed Up & Go; (c) Questionário FES-I-Brasil. A análise dos dados foi obtida através de uma análise descritiva. Pela análise dos resultados, foi possível observar a diferença da autonomia funcional e do risco de quedas em idosas ativas e sedentárias, sendo o primeiro grupo com mais autonomia e menos riscos de acordo com a amostra estudada. Os grupos estudados apresentaram um mínimo de preocupação em relação a quedas, mesmo o protocolo de risco de quedas mostrando que eles não possuem riscos de cair. Sugere-se estudos posteriores com uma maior amostra e maiores variáveis estudadas para um maior aprofundamento do tema.
Análise quantitativa de mastócitos na cicatrização de feridas tratadas com membranas de colágeno contendo própolis vermelha
Authors: Barreto André Luiz Santos , Bastos Talita Santos , Pires Jônatas Almeida , Albuquerque-Júnior Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti , Cardoso Juliana Cordeiro
Published: June 2015

Mastócitos são células do tecido conjuntivo responsáveis pelo início da reação inflamatória e cronificação do processo, e desempenham um papel importante na dinâmica do reparo cicatricial. O uso de membranas biológicas naturais ou sintéticas no reparo de feridas dérmicas extensas, por sua vez, tem sido bastante discutido na literatura, especialmente aquelas à base de colágeno, devido à biocompatibilidade e interatividade desse material. A própolis é um produto natural que apresenta atividade anti-inflamatória, podendo contribuir para a reparação cicatricial. A variedade vermelha desse produto, contudo, ainda é pouco estudada, existindo alguns relatos de uma provável ação cicatrizante. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o efeito da associação de membranas de colágeno à própolis vermelha sobre a população de mastócitos durante o reparo cicatricial por segunda intenção em ratos. Para tanto, foram preparadas membranas de colágeno I extraído de tendão bovino (10-15mm de espessura) contendo extrato hidroalcóolico de própolis vermelha a 0,1%. Posteriormente, foram realizadas feridas de 1cm2 no dorso de 30 ratos Wistar, que foram distribuídos em seis grupos (n=5): G1 – animais sem tratamento sacrificados em 7 dias; G2 – animais tratados com membrana de colágeno sacrificados em 7 dias; G3 – animais tratados com membrana de colágeno contendo própolis vermelha sacrificados em 7 dias; G4 – animais sem tratamento sacrificados em 14 dias; G5 – animais tratados com membrana de colágeno sacrificados em 14 dias; G6 – animais tratados com membrana de colágeno contendo própolis vermelha sacrificados em 14 dias. Os espécimes removidos foram fixados, processados histologicamente e emblocados em parafina e secções histológicas foram coradas em Azul de toluidina. Ao sétimo dia, a população média de mastócitos total e marginal em G1 mostrou-se significativamente menor que em G2 e G3 (p<0,05), mas não houve diferença entre os dois últimos. Ao décimo quarto dia não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre o G4, G5 e G6 nem na média total de mastócitos, nem nas duas regiões estudadas separadamente. Sugere-se que, em ratos, o uso de membranas bioativas de colágeno, independentemente de conter ou não própolis vermelha sob a forma de extrato hidroalcoólico a 0,1%, pode reduzir a desgranulação de mastócitos aos sete dias de cicatrização de feridas abertas, mas não influencia a população desta célula imunocompetente nas fases finais (14 dias) do reparo.
Conhecimento teórico-científico dos profissionais que atuam no centro de material e esterilização no município de Aracaju/Sergipe
Authors: Souza Jamile e Silva , De Sá Priscila Costa , Nogueira Emília Cervino
Published: June 2015

Introdução: O Centro de Material e Esterilização (CME) é um setor responsável pelo reprocessamento e distribuição de artigos de saúde para as unidades consumidoras. Sem qualidade nos produtos fornecidos pelo CME não seria possível garantir os cuidados adequados à clientela. O enfermeiro tem papel fundamental para o funcionamento do CME, tanto no gerenciamento do setor quanto na seleção e treinamento do pessoal. Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento teórico-científico dos profissionais que atuam no Centro de Material e Esterilização conforme a Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada (RDC) Nº 15 de 15 de março de 2012. Métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo de abordagem quantitativa realizado em três instituições (Pb, F e Pv), por meio de questionário contendo 35 afirmações verdadeiras e falsas acerca da RDC Nº 15. Resultados: sessenta e cinco profissionais de enfermagem participaram do estudo, sendo 41,5% da instituição Pb, 30,8% da F e 27,7% da Pv. 63,8% das respostas estavam certas, 33,8% estavam erradas e 2,4% em branco. Os enfermeiros obtiveram acerto de 80% e os técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem 62,4%. Conclusão: A maioria dos pesquisados não tinha conhecimento acerca da existência da RDC Nº 15 e se atualizava através dos seus colegas de trabalho. Verificou-se que os erros mais frequentes coincidiam, por vezes, em duas das três instituições estudadas. Sabendo da responsabilidade que o CME carrega em seus serviços, tem-se também a ciência da importância da atualização para o funcionamento deste.
As consequências da sífilis congênita no binômio materno-fetal: um estudo de revisão
Authors: Souza Brígida Cabral , Santana Licia Santos
Published: June 2015

Dentre as várias doenças que podem ser adquiridas durante o período gravídico-puerperal, a sífilis é a que possui as maiores taxas de transmissão. Doença multifacetada, quando presente na gestação, pode levar efeitos deletérios, tanto para a mãe como para o feto, caso não seja diagnosticada e tratada o mais precoce possível. O objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar as consequências da Sífilis congênita, com a finalidade de sensibilizar os profissionais que prestam assistência a esse público. Trata-se de uma revisão da literatura pertinente, presente nas bases de dados Pubmed, PEDro e Cochrane. Foram selecionados 32 trabalhos, mas apenas 16 artigos apresentaram relevância para serem discutidos nesta revisão.  Após análise dos mesmos, chegou-se à conclusão de que as consequências são inúmeras, podendo levar ao aumento da taxa de transmissão e à morte fetal. Para que isso seja evitado, é necessário um pré-natal mais oportuno, com consultas de melhor qualidade, além da descentralização dos testes rápidos, o que levará ao tratamento mais precoce da infecção.
Câncer Pediátrico: incidência, sobrevida e mortalidade em Sergipe
Authors: Rangel Margareth Rose Uchoa , Dal Fabbro Amaury Lelis , Lima Carlos Anselmo , Azevedo Arthur Rangel , Cipolotti Rosana
Published: June 2015

Introdução e objetivos: O principal propósito dos registros de câncer de base populacional é avaliar o impacto do câncer em uma determinada população. Conhecendo a epidemiologia do câncer em determinada região, é possível determinar a necessidade de campanhas de prevenção, implantação de novos métodos diagnósticos, unidades de tratamento e reabilitação. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar e apresentar os dados referentes à incidência, sobrevida e mortalidade de 239 casos de câncer em pacientes de zero a 19 anos cadastrados no RCBP de Aracaju, Sergipe, Brasil no período de 1996-2004.Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e retrospectivo.  Fontes de dados : Registro de Câncer de Base Populacional (RCBP) de Aracaju, Registro de Óbitos de Sergipe, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE), Ministério da Saúde/INCA/Conprev/Divisão de Informação e a População Padrão Mundial, modificada por Doll et al (1960). Para o cálculo da probabilidade de sobrevida foi utilizado o método de Kaplan-Meier no programa SPSS versão 19.0 com intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% e p< 0,05.Resultados e conclusões: As taxas ajustadas de incidência foram de 116,3 por milhão de habitantes para o gênero feminino e 142,1 no masculino.  A sobrevida em cinco anos foi de 56,9%, sendo maior no grupo dos 5-9 anos, nos pacientes considerados de etnia branca, no gênero feminino e nos tumores sólidos. Melhorou ao longo dos anos, passando de 45,8% em 1996 para 60,0% em 2000 e 62,2% em 2004. A Taxa de mortalidade foi de 69,0 por milhão de habitantes no período estudado.