bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La locución «un poco» en el corpus oral PRESEEA-Sevilla: funciones discursivas y distribución social
Authors: Repede Doina
Published: February 2023

Nos proponemos en este estudio realizar un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo de los distintos usos y funciones de la locución «un poco», así como su distribución social, en el español hablado en la ciudad de Sevilla. Para conocer el funcionamiento semántico y pragmático de esta unidad pluriverbal, analizamos su frecuencia de empleo en 72 entrevistas semidirigidas realizadas a hablantes sevillanos con tres niveles de instrucción: alto, medio y bajo. Los resultados generales arrojan que la estructura «un poco» se utiliza en el corpus manejado ampliamente como operador discursivo con cuatro valores diferentes (atenuador, intensificador, aproximador y reformulador). Además, este uso pragmático está más extendido en el sociolecto alto, de la primera generación, con predominio de la función atenuadora, que sirve generalmente para proteger y salvaguardar la imagen del hablante.
Desplazamientos y poblamientos de los indígenas de Urabá en la región del Sinú (1680-1721)
Authors: Arenas Luis-Carlos
Published: February 2023

La explicación de cómo sucedió el poblamiento en algunas subregiones del Caribe colombiano entre finales del siglo XVII y comienzos del XVIII, en particular del área del Sinú, ha sido hasta ahora elusivo para la historiografía nacional. Este artículo busca reconstruir lo qué pasó con los indígenas de Urabá durante dicho periodo, y cómo se llevó a cabo el poblamiento de la zona baja y media del río Sinú. Este análisis se fundamenta en información documental del Archivo General de Indias hasta ahora no publicada, complementada con información del Archivo General de la Nación de Colombia. El artículo detalla la forma como se desplazaron los indígenas de la región de Urabá hacia el río Sinú entre 1680 y 1721, huyendo principalmente de los ataques de los indígenas “Chocoes”, y atraídos por las promesas que les hicieron los colonos libres de recursos limitados de la región del Sinú, como acertadamente los llamó Fals Borda. Como resultado, durante el primer cuarto del siglo XVIII el llamado partido del Sinú tuvo un inusitado incremento de su población indígena, a diferencia de todas las otras subregiones de la provincia de Cartagena, las cuales continuaron con una incontrolable disminución.
Caminos en el territorio del Gran Caldas (Colombia): su historicidad y revisión
Authors: Molina-Castaño David-Esteban , Ramírez-Bacca Renzo , Valencia-Llano Albeiro
Published: February 2023

El artículo ofrece una revisión histórica sobre las rutas y caminos en el Gran Caldas. Los caminos son vistos como un referente patrimonial, cultural y de identidad, por lo cual se evidencian procesos históricos como la colonización de la cordillera Central andina —que incluye migraciones y poblamientos—, además de la expansión y consolidación de la caficultura colombiana, entre otros. Así, los autores analizan los inicios y transformaciones de dichas rutas para considerar, en el marco de un proceso de modernización de la infraestructura, la construcción de carreteras, ferrocarriles, túneles y cables aéreos. Asimismo, desarrollan un enfoque histórico regional, con fuentes, que son objeto de revisión bibliográfica, e incluyen documentos oficiales, crónicas, cartografías y relatos de viaje, entre otros.
Del desamparo y abandono a la maternidad sustituta. La institución “Amas de Oriente” de Bogotá, 1918-1936
Authors: Gómez-Rodríguez Eliana , Márquez-Valderrama Jorge , Estrada-Orrego Victoria
Published: February 2023

Este artículo aborda las prácticas, así como los discursos médicos y administrativos especializados en los niños y niñas abandonados y huérfanos, atendidos por la sección Amas de Oriente del Hospicio de Bogotá, entre 1918 y 1936. Mediante la crítica documental, se analizó un corpus elaborado a partir del Archivo de la Beneficencia de Cundinamarca. La documentación permitió una aproximación al funcionamiento de la asistencia pública en general y, específicamente, al del Hospicio. Además, facilitó el estudio de las estrategias de atención, vigilancia y control dirigidas a la primera infancia y a las amas de campo. Esto último contribuyó al hallazgo de un sistema oficial de nodrizas para la infancia abandonada. Para comprenderlo, se reconstruyó el contexto histórico de la pobreza, la desigualdad, el trabajo femenino, la nutrición y la economía de la salud. Los niños más pequeños fueron atendidos por nodrizas asalariadas, mujeres campesinas mal pagas, utilizadas por las autoridades, tildadas de ignorantes, sucias y enfermas. Fue un sistema de crianza duradero, quizás porque era más viable y menos oneroso que el modelo de atención intramural del Hospicio de Bogotá. Paradójicamente, este sistema creado como institución especializada en la lactancia delegada, terminó convirtiéndose en una institución de maternidad sustituta.
Improving the Listening Skills of Tadris Students in English Through the Film Animation Application
Authors: Bujangga Hendriyanto
Published: February 2023

This classroom action research aims to improve students' listening skills through the application of animated films. The subjects in this study were second semester students at STAIN Gajah Putih Takengon. The data in this study were obtained from observation sheets, tests and questionnaires. Based on the analysis that has been carried out, it is known that in cycle I, 68.57% of students are actively involved in learning and 70% of students are motivated and enthusiastic about learning. Whereas in cycle II, 77.14% of students were actively involved and 88.57% of students were motivated and enthusiastic about participating in learning. In the preliminary study, the average listening ability of students was 53.43%, in the first cycle the students' average listening ability increased to 59.37%, and in the second cycle the increase reached 76.71%. The results of the student response questionnaire showed that 87.5% felt happy with the application of animated films and 81.25% felt that the use of animated films had an effect on listening skills. 93.75% said it was easier to practice listening skills with animated films and 90.63% preferred learning to listen with animated films compared to other media such as tape recorders, and 93.75% disagreed with learning to listen without using audio visual aids.
Philosophical Texts: Character Education for Minangkabau Women
Authors: Hasibuan Hamdan , Daulay Muhammad Roihan , Masuwd Mowafg
Published: February 2023

This study focuses on the concept of ideal women according to Minangkabau philosophy. The criteria of the ideal women can be found in proverbs containing implicit meaning related to ethical values, namely the view about women's ideal morality. The interpretation can be comprehended from its function and purposes as a concept of moral and character education for the Minangkabau young generation. The study toward the character education for Minangkabau women is based on the interpretation meaning from the concept of Minangkabau ideal women became the basis fine art creative idea resulting in the icon of personal expression. This artwork was materialized into the painting symbolic expression/abstraction by borrowing the traditional idiom "Tangkuluak (Tekuluk)" a kind of Bundo Kanduang's formal outfit in the form of headgear as the traditional symbol of Minangkabau custom. The creation of this symbolic expression painting aims to preserve Minangkabau aesthetics through the materialization of paintings that takes the specific theme, Bundo Kanduang as the ideal woman of Minangkabau people. This study used a qualitative method presented in the form of descriptive analysis. Data were collected through interviews and observation.  They had emic characteristics performed in the Centre of Minangkabau Cultural Information (in Indonesia called PDIKM) in Padangpanjang and Adityawarman Museum in Padang, West Sumatra. Meanwhile, ethic research was conducted with qualitative method, namely studying the theoretical claim and interpreting the meaning of proverbs about the nobility of Bundo Kanduang.
Utilizing Speed Reading Technique for Students’ Ability in Comprehending Text
Authors: Asdar Asdar , Hamsiah A. , Angreani A. Vivit , Lutfin Nursamsilis , M Asia , Bin Tuan Kechik Tuan Nordin
Published: February 2023

Learning to read in junior high school is one of the language skills that plays an important role. Reading skill is the third skill that is mastered by students in having a role in language skills and mastery of other subject matter. This study aims to determine students' speed-reading ability. This research used descriptive quantitative method. The population of this study were all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 35 Makassar with a total of 288 students. The sample is 36 students. The sampling technique is a side random technique. Data obtained were analyzed using the percentage technique. The results of the data analysis showed that from 36 students as respondents, only 20 students (55.55%) managed to score above 75. This shows that the speed-reading ability of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 35 Makassar is still poor because it is still under of the standard, which is at least 85% of all respondents. Therefore, it is recommended that students and teachers be more active and that the learning support facilities are improved.
The Implementation of Child-Friendly Education During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Bandar Lampung
Authors: Nasution Sri Ilham , Saifuddin M
Published: February 2023

Abstract: Long periods of online learning as a result of a pandemic with no apparent end date can result in a variety of compensatory behaviors, one of which is performing acts of aggression or unpleasant deeds towards children (students). Action violence and deeds that are harmful to children can happen at any time, by anybody, and anywhere, including in the classroom by instructors during the Covid-19 pandemic. As a result, child-friendly education in schools must be introduced. The goal of this study is to describe how child-friendly education was used at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri  Bandar Lampung during the Covid-19 outbreak. Teachers and students are used as respondents in the study, which employs qualitative approaches. Madrasah Aliyah Negeri  Bandar Lampung implemented child-friendly education during the Covid outbreak by following emergency curriculum requirements and adhering to instructor restrictions when conducting online learning. The provision of learning conditions that are clean, beautiful, friendly, beautiful, inclusive, healthy, safe, and comfortable as reflected in the components: 1) policies, 2) curriculum implementation, 3) trained educators and education personnel, 4) child-friendly facilities and infrastructure, 5) participation of children, 6) participation of parents, community, alumni, business world, community in child-friendly education.
Endocrine disorders in chronic kidney disease
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Sobolewska Joanna , Żak Zuzanna ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Mazovian Bródnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland, Monia-Tutur Kamila ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Mazovian Bródnowski Hospital, Warsaw, Poland, Wojciechowska-Luźniak Agnieszka ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Witek Przemysław ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Niemczyk Stanisław ,   Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
Published: February 2023

The increasing prevalence of chronic kidney disease gives rise to many diagnostic challenges in the daily care of this group of patients. This paper presents the most clinically significant endocrine disorders accompanying chronic kidney disease, their aetiology, diagnosis, clinical picture and treatment. Endocrine disorders may occur in patients with chronic kidney disease with greater or equal frequency as in the general population. The most important endocrine disorders include: low triiodothyronine syndrome, subclinical and overt hypothyroidism, hypercortisolaemia, hyperprolactinaemia, increased levels of growth hormone, hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance and hypogonadism. Hyperthyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disease occur with the same frequency in patients with chronic kidney disease as in the general population. Chronic kidney disease also affects commonly used hormone determinations. The choice of the therapeutic method in patients with chronic kidney disease is not without importance for endocrine disorders. Among patients undergoing dialysis therapy, a temporary increase in free thyroid hormones, a decrease in the severity of hypercortisolaemia and a decrease in hormone levels were observed. Dialysis therapy does not normalise prolactin levels, unlike kidney transplantation, where an improvement in glomerular filtration rate results in the normalisation of serum prolactin. The therapeutic management of some of the presented endocrine disorders is not based on a causal effect, but mainly on controlling their complications (e.g. secondary to hypercortisolaemia – hypertension, diabetes, osteopenia or abdominal obesity). In the remaining cases, hormone replacement therapy was associated with a beneficial effect for the patient: testosterone replacement in obese men with hypogonadism led to a decrease in body mass index, and cyclical transdermal hormone replacement therapy in women with oestrogen deficiency secondary to renal failure inhibited bone demineralisation and thus prevented early osteoporosis.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis
Authors:   Department of Paediatrics, Medicine Faculty, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Horlenko Olesya , Pushkarenko Olga ,   Department of Paediatrics, Medicine Faculty, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
Published: February 2023

Aim: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common chronic liver disease in children and adolescents. It is associated with various risk factors including obesity, metabolic syndrome, sedentary lifestyle, etc. The present study was aimed to give an overview of the latest data on the prevalence and treatment options for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents. Materials and methods: For the purpose of this meta-analysis, we conducted a comprehensive systematic literature review including a PubMed database search for related studies until September 2021. A thorough selection process was then adopted to select eligible studies for further analysis. Results: The selected prevalence studies in this meta-analysis included 27,241 children and adolescents, with a pooled mean prevalence of 22.64%. There was a marked heterogeneity (I2 = 43%) and a significant difference (p < 0.00001) in the prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among children and adolescents across the studies. The results also showed a greater prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents as compared to children. The most widely used method for the estimation of prevalence among selected studies was alanine transaminase levels. However, various treatment strategies were adopted in different studies for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children/adolescents, and changes in body mass index and aminotransferase levels (alanine transaminase/aspartate transaminase) were used as outcome measures after treatment. Overall, there was a non-significant difference in body mass index values (p = 0.02) among the selected studies. However, the combined effect of alanine transaminase by using a random model was 13.52 (7.28, 19.76), and a significant difference in pooled alanine transaminase values (p < 0.00001) was observed after treatment. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease among children and adolescents. However, lifestyle interventions and other treatment methods have a significant impact on reducing the occurrence of the disease in children and adolescents.
What has changed over 10 years in neonatal therapeutic hypothermia? Part 1: Hypothermia in paediatric brain injury – a literature review
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care of Newborns and Children, J. Gromkowski Provincial Specialist Hospital, Wrocław, Poland, Syweńki Ewa , Niewińska Kinga ,   Department of Traumatology and Emergency Medicine of Developmental Age, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
Published: February 2023

It is estimated that brain injury, broadly understood, is the most common cause of death and severe neurological complications in the paediatric population under 18 years of age. A number of preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of moderate cooling in terms of neuroprotection. In paediatrics, mild therapeutic hypothermia is a well-established procedure in the treatment of term or near-term newborns with deep asphyxia. Since 2015, in accordance with the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics, mild therapeutic hypothermia is no longer an experimental method and it is widely recognised as a factor that improves survival and long-term neurological prognosis compared to traditional treatments. Thus, it is not surprising that, based on strong preclinical data from animal studies and the acceptance of mild therapeutic hypothermia in neonatology, opportunities to extend the range of patients benefiting from it beyond neonates in the first 6 hours of life as well as its new applications beyond the neonatal period are still being sought. In adults who underwent successful resuscitation due to sudden cardiac arrest in shockable rhythms, therapeutic cooling was recommended as a treatment method in post-resuscitation management almost a decade earlier than in newborns; however, a simple extrapolation of data from the adult population to the neonate population or from adults to neonates did not prove effective. The variation in terms of mechanisms leading to cardiac arrest (i.e. respiratory cause in children vs. cardiac cause in adults) entails differences in neurohormonal modulation between these two groups, which affects the results. This paper presents aspects of the use of mild therapeutic hypothermia over the last decade and discusses the mechanisms of encephalopathy development in the paediatric population, the conditions for its effective application as well as its place in the treatment of brain injury unrelated to perinatal asphyxia.
What has changed over 10 years in neonatal therapeutic hypothermia? Part 2: Practical advice based on literature review and the authors’ own experiences
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care of Newborns and Children, J. Gromkowski Provincial Specialist Hospital, Wrocław, Poland, Syweńki Ewa , Niewińska Kinga ,   Department of Traumatology and Emergency Medicine of Developmental Age, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland, Głowska Bożena ,   Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care of Newborns and Children, J. Gromkowski Provincial Specialist Hospital, Wrocław, Poland
Published: February 2023

Mild therapeutic hypothermia, understood as controlled cooling of the body or its part (the head) below the physiological temperature, i.e. 36°C, in accordance with appropriate therapeutic protocols, was approved in 2006 by the US Food and Drug Administration as an experimental method in preventing long-term complications of hypoxia in term and near-term newborns, i.e. those born at ≥35+0 weeks of gestational age. In newborns, unlike in adults, the aim of this method is neuroprotection of the central nervous system. Reports indicating the beneficial effect of cold in reviving a “weak” newborn have been known for a long time. However, both the positive effects of controlled cooling in reducing the percentage of severe neurological complications associated with deep perinatal hypoxia and its safety were not properly confirmed until the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, with extensive experimental data from animal studies and a number of clinical protocols (TOBY, ICE, NICHD, Cool-Cap). Hypothermia was officially included in the canon of therapeutic methods in neonatology by the American Academy of Pediatrics in 2009, and in 2013, it became a hospital service guaranteed and financed by the National Health Fund in Poland. In 2015, mild therapeutic hypothermia became the worldwide recommended treatment method for infants born with severe asphyxia, at risk of developing symptoms of hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy to at least a moderate degree according to the Sarnat grading scale. In this paper, the authors share their own experiences related to the use of therapeutic hypothermia in patients under 18 years of age and indicate the most important aspects of its evolution over the last decade based on data from the literature.
Synchronous nasal mass: a wolf in sheep’s disguise
Authors:   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Selayang, Lebuhraya Selayang-Kepong, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia, Ramasamy Shalini , Saniasiaya Jeyasakthy ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Jalan Universiti, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Lee Peak Hui Jennifer ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Selayang, Lebuhraya Selayang-Kepong, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia, Azmi Zainal Abidin Zainal ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital Selayang, Lebuhraya Selayang-Kepong, 68100 Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia
Published: February 2023

Aim: To highlight the possibility of synchronous benign and malignant nasal masses. Schneiderian papilloma, also known as inverted papilloma, despite being a common benign epithelial sinonasal tumour, remains a conundrum to otorhinolaryngologists due to its locally aggressive nature, tendency to recur as well as potential of malignant transformation. A synchronous nasal lesion adds on to the complexity of patient management. Case presentation: Herein, we are reporting an unusual case of synchronous lesions: sinonasal inverted papilloma and low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Initial biopsy of the sinonasal mass revealed inverted papilloma. However, histopathological examination post endoscopic medial maxillectomy revealed evidence of both inverted papilloma and low-grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma. Conclusion: We want to highlight that seemingly benign sinonasal inverted papillomas ought to be taken seriously considering the possibility of a synchronous malignant nasal mass, as in our case.
Uncommon extension of peritonsillar abscess
Authors:   Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia, Harith Mohamed Rouse Muhammad ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, 08000 Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia, Yusfarina Che Yusop Che ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, 08000 Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia, Asmeida Farha Ahmad Rejab Rian ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, 08000 Sungai Petani, Kedah, Malaysia, Mohamad Irfan ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head & Neck Surgery, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: February 2023

Peritonsillar abscess refers to the collection of pus in between the tonsillar capsule and the superior constrictor muscle. The majority of patients with peritonsillar abscess recover uneventfully after intraoral drainage and antibiotic therapy. However, some patients who are immunosuppressed might deteriorate as infection spreads into the deep neck spaces or upper airway mucosa. We report a case of 48-year-old immunocompetent patient with peritonsillar abscess extending primarily into the parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal spaces, followed by unusual secondary extension into the masticator space, the submandibular region, and the anterior neck region. Both intraoral and extraoral incisions were conducted. The patient fully recovered after the drainage procedure and antibiotic treatment.
Nanoindentation of embedded particles
Authors: Slagter Alejandra , Everaerts Joris , Mortensen Andreas
Published: February 2023

We address the effect of elastic inhomogeneity on elastic modulus and hardness determinations made by depth-sensing indentations performed on individual particles embedded within a matrix of different elastic modulus. Finite element simulations and nanoindentation experiments are used to quantify the consequences of particle/matrix elastic inhomogeneity and we propose an adaptation of the Oliver–Pharr method that gives access to particle properties knowing those of the matrix. The method is suitable for any combination of matrix and particle elastic modulus and for any type of indenter, provided that the area of the tested particles along the surface of the sample is measured and that a large number of particles are probed. Further conditions for the implementation of the method are that testing conditions be such (i) that permanent deformation of the matrix is avoided, and (ii) that permanent deformation in each probed particle under the indenter is not affected by the matrix.

Graphical abstract
Clinical evaluation of the use of inhalation of 6% N-acetylcysteine in 3% NaCL solution (Flu-Acyl Broncho) in the treatment of children with acute bronchitis
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Marushko Yu.V. , Hyshchak T.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Iovitsa T.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine,, Yesipova S.I. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Khomych O.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2023

Purpose - to propose an optimization of treatment of acute bronchitis in children by introducing inhalation of FLU-ACIL broncho before therapy. Materials and methods. An open, prospective, multicenter, non-interventional, comparative (with active control) study with two therapeutic groups was conducted. The experience of therapy of 45 children with moderate acute bronchitis aged 2-12 years old was summarized. The main group included 30 children who received inhalation of Flu-Acyl Broncho in the complex treatment: 5 ml 2 times a day 3-4 hours before bedtime for 7-10 days; the comparison group included 15 children who received oral acetylcysteine/ambroxol for 7-12 days. If it is necessary, antipyretic therapy with ibuprofen or paracetamol was used. The period from the onset of the disease to participation in the study was about 2-4 days. The study did not include children with concomitant acute middle ear diseases, acute sinusitis, acute allergic diseases and children with symptoms of obstruction. The results of examination and treatment of patients were analyzed using the software package «Statistica 6.0 for Windows». Results and conclusions. Comprehensive treatment of acute bronchitis in children with the administration of the inhalation Flu-Acyl Broncho, sterile solution for nebulizer and instillation, has a positive clinical effect, leads to faster relief (p<0.01) and disappearance (p<0.05) of cough compared to oral mucolytics. The additional anti-inflammatory and mucolytic effect of the inhalation route of administration of Flu-Acyl Broncho on the nasopharyngeal mucosa improves the results of treatment of children with concomitant acute respiratory pathology of the upper respiratory tract. This is manifested in faster, compared to oral mucolytics, elimination of rhinitis (p<0.001) and sore throat (p<0.05). All studies were performed in accordance with the ethical principles adopted by the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) for medical research conducted on human subjects. Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the Children’s Clinical Hospital No. 5 of Sviatoshynskyi district of Kyiv. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Clinical and paraclinical manifestation COVID-19 in different age children
Authors:   Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine, Kharchenko Yu.P. , Zaretska A.V. ,   Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine, Prokopova T.M. ,   Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine, Il’ina-Stohnienko V.Yu. ,   Odessa National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: February 2023

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a new coronavirus first discovered in 2019. The infection has spread rapidly throughout the world and affects people of all ages. Thus, 12.7% of all SARS-CoV-2 patients are children. Purpose - to establish the clinical and paraclinical manifestations of the course of COVID-19 in children, depending on age to predict the severity of the disease’s manifestation. Materials and methods. The 60 children aged from 3 months to 17 years old with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were examined. All patients underwent general clinical, laboratory, and instrumental examinations and received therapy according to Ukrainian National protocol. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by real-time PCR. Results. Thus, in young children COVID-19 begins acutely (90.0%) with intoxication (75.0%), fever (65.0%), nasal congestion (25.0%), rhinorrhea (20.0%), dry cough (60.0%), increased ESR and C-reactive protein (55.0%). The course of COVID-19 in children 4-6 years is accompanied by acute onset (85.71%), fever (85.71%), pharyngitis (85.71%), lymphopenia (28.56%), and no CT signs of lesions (71.43%). In children 7-12 years old, COVID-19 causes intoxication (88.89%), fever (83.33%), pharyngitis (55.56%), dry cough (77.78%), lymphocytosis (16.67%) with accelerated ESR (38.89%) and pneumonia (38.89%). The course of COVID-19 in children was older than 13 years old characterized by fever (73.33%), pharyngitis (66.67%), dry cough (73.33%), olfactory loss (20.0%), leukopenia (20.0%), ESR acceleration (20.0%), and a decrease in prothrombin (13.33%) without pulmonary lesions (73.33%). Conclusions. These data suggest that the severity and duration of clinical and laboratory manifestations of COVID-19 depend on the child’s age. The course of COVID-19 in children of all age groups is mostly of moderate severity with a favorable prognosis ((56.67%) hospitalized children did not have any complications). Only children from 7 to 12 years old need additional attention due to the severe manifestations of intoxication (88.89%) and the risk of complications with pneumonia (38.89%). The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Comprehensive analysis of serum concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 in preschool children suffering from recurrent respiratory infections
Authors:   Luhansk State Medical University, Rivne, Ukraine, Voloshin O.M. , Marushko Yu.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: February 2023

Purpose - to systematically examine the state of interrelatedness between the serum concentration of matrix metalloproteinase 1 and the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1, the frequency of acute respiratory infections (ARIs), and a heterogeneous set of other clinical and laboratory parameters in preschool children. Materials and methods. Forty children (21 boy and 33 girls) aged 1 to 6 years old, undergoing inpatient treatment on acute respiratory infection, were involved in the clinical study. They were studied serum concentrations of MMP-1 and TIMP-1, C-reactive protein, certain blood leukocyte fractions, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the content of several macro- and microbiological elements in their hair as well as a number of clinical signs. Also, two integral indicators of ARIs recurrence were calculated, namely, the infectious index (InI) and resistance index, as well as integral indices of inflammation and dolichostenomelia. The statistical processing of the primary digital material obtained was performed by IBM SPSS Statistics 27 licensed program. Results. The younger children had higher serum MMP-1 concentrations (p=0.007) and MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio (p=0.008) compared to the older children. The girls showed higher values of MMP-1 (p=0.008) and MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio (p=0.012) than the boys. The strong positive correlation between MMP-1 and InI in the children (ρ=0.514; p=0.001; 95% CI [0.232; 0.716]) was demonstrated. Using ordinal logistic regression method, a significant and simultaneously multidirectional dependence of InI categorical index on MMP-1 (B=1.078; p=0.013; 95% CI [0.223; 1.933]) and the age category of the examined children (B=-1.942; 95% CI [-3.757; -0.126]) was established. Conclusions. It is assumed that more frequent ARIs in children are accompanied by higher levels of serum MMP-1. It is not unlikely that there is differential «tuning» of MMP-1 activity in response to varying frequency of ARIs during the previous year. The degree of influence of the predictor, namely MMP-1, in ordinal regression models is determined by both the significance of this predictor and the variant of its combination with other studied covariates. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committees of the institutions mentioned in the paper. An informed parental consent was obtained for the study in children. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Fecal calprotectin, lactoferrin and morbidity associated with immature digestive tract in preterm infants
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Dobryk D.S. , Dobryanskyy D.O. ,   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: February 2023

Introduction. Excessive intestinal inflammation in preterm infants is one of the key factors in the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), early- (EOS) and late-onset neonatal sepsis (LOS). Purpose - to evaluate the connection between fecal calprotectin (FC), enteral use of lactoferrin (LF), and the occurrence of NEC, EOS, and LOS in preterm infants. Materials and methods. FC was measured in 26 newborns with gestational age (GA) ≤32 weeks and birth weight ≤1500 g. Feces were collected twice: in the first 7 days of life and at the postmenstrual age (PMA) of 36 weeks. The main group included 15 infants with either EOS, LOS or NEC. The remaining 11 infants formed the comparison group. Eleven infants received LF (4 in the main group and 7 in the comparison group), which was randomly administered in the first 3 days of life. Results. FC in the first 7 days of life was higher in the main group (р>0.05). At the PMA of 36 weeks, FC decreased in the main group and increased in the comparison group (p>0.05). FC in the first week of life was higher in infants with EOS compared to newborns without the diseases (p=0.03), followed by a decrease at the PMA of 36 weeks (p=0.04). There was no significant difference in FC levels depending on the development of LOS or NEC. FC levels increased in all infants who received LF and decreased in babies who did not receive LF (p>0.05). Conclusions. The occurrence of EOS is associated with a significant increase in FC which subsequently decrease by the PMA of 36 weeks. FC in the first week of life are not associated with the development of NEC or LOS. Enteral use of LF at a dose of 100 mg/day is associated with an increase in FC levels (p>0.05). The research was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The study protocol was approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the participating institution. The informed consent of the patient was obtained for conducting the studies. No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Teaching CLIL Courses Entirely in Virtual Reality
Authors: Bonner Euan , Lege Ryan , Frazier Erin
Published: February 2023

Virtual reality (VR) has been found to be effective for increasing student motivation and engagement (Parong & Mayer, 2018), experiential learning (Hu-Au & Lee, 2018), and even improving spatial memory (Pollard et al., 2020). However, few studies have moved beyond the novelty of single-lesson VR experiences, nor have they used VR as the primary method of lesson delivery in language learning curricula (Kavanagh et al., 2017). Longitudinal data will help to elucidate a VR-specific pedagogy, providing evidence to support best practices, but they will not necessarily ensure that VR is actually adopted in classroom contexts. For that to take place, teacher buy-in is necessary, but there is also a lack of literature investigating the teacher side of planning and delivering VR lessons. The authors designed a longitudinal case study at a language focused university, in order to investigate the experiences of university lecturers who conducted eight-week Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) courses in VR using Immerse (www.immerse.online), a multi-user VR language learning platform. The study analyzes teachers’ perspectives on planning and implementing a VR curriculum. Post-lesson surveys and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the instructors. The analysis findings for both the instructors’ experiences will be discussed, along with their implications for integrating VR into extended course curricula.
A Comparative Eye-Tracking Study Between a Virtual Reality System and a Desktop Environment for Learning the Prepositions of Place in English
Authors: Bacca-Acosta Jorge , Tejada Julian , Lampropoulos Georgios , Avila Cecilia
Published: February 2023

Virtual reality (VR) is gaining momentum in language education thanks to technological advances and technology at a cost that is affordable for deploying a learning experience. However, there is a need for more research to identify the topics that are most suitable to be taught using VR in English as a foreign language (EFL) courses. In order to close part of this gap, this article reports on the results of a comparative eye-tracking study conducted with 80 university students on the effectiveness of a VR system and a desktop application for learning English prepositions of place. The results show that students using the VR system significantly outperformed those using a 2D application for learning English prepositions of place. However, students spent more time and made more mistakes in the VR system. The easiest English preposition was “on” and the most difficult one was “below” for the desktop application, and “behind” for the VR system. Some implications and recommendations for teachers are provided based on the results.
Building a City in the Sky
Authors: Karimi Honeiah , Sañosa David Joshua , Hernandez Rios Kevin , Tran Phoebe , Chun Dorothy M , Wang Richert , Arya Diana J
Published: February 2023

The conceptualization of multiliteracies initiated by the New London Group (NLG, 1996) emphasized the situated nature of language use as a socially complex network of multimodal engagement. Inspired by this view of language and literacy, computer-assisted language learning and second language acquisition scholars have advocated for a broader scope of second language learning to include the development of multiliteracies (Reinhardt & Thorne, 2019; Warner & Dupuy, 2018). In this conceptual article, we explore the potential affordances of immersive virtual reality (IVR) for the development of multiliteracies. As we attempt to construct a working theory of IVR as a catalyst for understanding and creating multiple forms of language in use, we draw on existing literature as well as on data from our multi-year study of multilingual adolescents engaging in multimodal activities using the Meta Quest headset. The interactions between adolescents and researchers were designed to maximize key IVR affordances (embodied cognition, presence, agency, and contextualization), and examples from the IVR sessions suggest how the adolescents are developing multiliteracies. We conclude with ideas for future research that focus on empowering L2 learners to express themselves as they develop the necessary knowledge and skills to engage in multimodal literacies.
Contextual Language Learning: Real Language Learning on the Continuum from Virtuality to Reality Edited by Yu-Ju Lan and Scott Grant
Authors: Xie Ying
Published: February 2023

Contextual Language Learning: Real Language Learning on the Continuum from Virtuality to Reality Edited by Yu-Ju Lan and Scott Grant Singapore: Springer Nature US $129 ISBN 9789811634154 (Hardback) xii + 202 pages 2021
s. Renata Wiktoria Szczepańczyk CSCIJ, Zgromadzenie Sióstr Karmelitanek Dzieciątka Jezus w latach 1921–1990 (Lublin 2021, ss. 880). Recenzja
Authors: Krzyżanowski Lech
Published: February 2023

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Influence of work, home and lifestyle related factors during COVID-19 lockdown on presentation of pain and functional status among school teachers with chronic nonspecific low back pain – An Online Survey
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, MGM School of Physiotherapy, Navi Mumbai, India., Gulati Anisha , Sardeshmukh Sharvari ,   Intern, MGM School of Physiotherapy, Navi Mumbai, India., Sawant Suruchi ,   Intern, MGM School of Physiotherapy, Navi Mumbai, India., Ibrahim Seeba Mohamed ,   Intern, MGM School of Physiotherapy, Navi Mumbai, India., Shah Avani ,   Intern, MGM School of Physiotherapy, Navi Mumbai, India., Salunkhe Shreeya ,   Intern, MGM School of Physiotherapy, Navi Mumbai, India.
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Large numbers of teachers are affected by Low Back Pain (LBP) and often report limitations in performing daily activities. The prevalence of LBP was high in the population that was confined to their houses due to COVID-19 lockdown. Objective: To study the Influence of Work, Home and Lifestyle related factors during COVID-19 lockdown on presentation of pain and functional status among school teachers with chronic nonspecific LBP. Methods: A total of 229 school teachers residing in India participated in the study. A self-administered, structured questionnaire, composed of 18 questions including various domains of life was administered; along with 13 activities of daily living and a scale to rate the difficulty level while performing. Results: Among work related activities: Prolonged sitting (p = 0.022), Gadget use (p=0.058), Twisting and turning (p = 0.035) and walking (0.036); whereas, among Home related activities: Lifting and carrying (p = 0.060) and House chores (p = 0.036) had an influence on pain. Body mass index (p=0.005) and emotional status (p=0.01) had significant correlation with intensity of pain. The most difficulty was reported in performing prolonged sitting activity. Conclusion: Covid-19 lockdown had a significant influence on work and home-related activities and lifestyle of Indian school teachers which ultimately had an effect on LBP and functional status. KEYWORDS: Low back pain, school teachers, functional status, COVID-19 lockdown.
Learning and the typology of word order: a model of the Final-over-Final Condition
Authors: Hucklebridge Shay
Published: February 2023

This article investigates whether cross-linguistic generalizations may arise from asymmetries in learnability of competing syntactic patterns. The model presented here uses a domain- general statistical learner for parameter systems in order to probe whether languages violating the Final-over-Final Condition (FOFC; Sheehan et al. 2017) might be difficult to learn, rather than syntactically impossible. In this model, no parameters ruled out *FOFC languages, and no penalties targeting them were built into the learner. Regardless, the results of two learning tasks demonstrate a correlation between the learnability of a word order pattern and its frequency in the typology. *FOFC languages were harder to learn, providing a possible explanation for their relative rarity.
Formulation of Metarhizium pinghaense and Metarhizium robertsii and the infection potential of the formulations against Pseudococcus viburni (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), after storage
Authors: Mathulwe Letodi Luki , Malan Antoinette Paula , Stokwe Nomakholwa Faith
Published: February 2023

Formulation of entomopathogens refers to the mixing of various inert ingredients, like clays and mineral oils, with the active ingredients which are the entomopathogens. Successful formulation enhances the survival of the entomopathogen and also eases their transportation, storage, preparation and application. The aim of this study was to develop a formulation to maintain the longevity and pathogenicity of the mass-produced conidia of local Metarhizium pinghaense and M. robertsii, for above-ground future commercial field application against Pseudococcus viburni. The objectives were to develop a cost-effective protocol for formulation of infective propagules and to test their effectiveness under laboratory conditions. The conidia of both isolates were formulated using four different oils (liquid paraffin, coconut, canola and olive oils) as liquid carriers, and diatomaceous earth as a mineral carrier. Conidial viability and pathogenicity were assessed over a period of eight weeks. In the study, it was observed that the conidia formulated in oil carriers maintained a high conidial viability and survival rate of >95 % over a period of eight weeks for both isolates, relative to when formulated in mineral carriers, or when stored as dry conidial powder. The conidia in all the oil formulations were also observed to induce high mortality, ranging between 60 % and 90 % for M. pinghaense, and between 70 % and 90 % for M. robertsii, when used against P. viburni. The ability of conidia of both isolates to maintain viability and pathogenicity, following storage in the oil formulations, increased the likelihood of the local isolates being successfully integrated as biological control agents for management of P. viburni  under field conditions.
Response of ants, beetles and spiders to disturbance varies among taxa in a South African savannah biome
Authors: Mavasa Risuna , Yekwayo Inam , Mwabvu Tarombera , Tsvuura Zivanai
Published: February 2023

Savannahs are structurally complex ecosystems consisting of a diverse community of plants and animals such as arthropods. Arthropods are essential in many ecosystem processes that help maintain life on Earth. The anthropogenic conversion of natural landscapes into croplands, residential and industrial areas has a negative impact on surface-active arthropods that have limited dispersal abilities and narrow habitat preferences. This study investigated the effect of disturbance on assemblages of ants, beetles and spiders in the savannah vegetation in Mpumalanga province, South Africa. We compared species richness, abundance and composition of these three taxa between the pristine savannah and the savannah that is exposed to a variety of anthropogenic activities (disturbed savannah). Arthropods were collected using pitfall traps in 15 sites in pristine savannah and 15 sites in disturbed savannah. We found that disturbance affects species richness and abundance of these taxa differently. Disturbance did not affect species richness of spiders and abundance of beetles, while greater species richness of ants and beetles, as well as abundance of ants and spiders was in disturbed than in pristine savannah. Furthermore, the species compositions of all taxa were different between disturbed and pristine savannah. The disturbed savannah had twice more unique indicator species than the pristine savannah. Differences in assemblages of arthropods between pristine and disturbed habitats suggest that it may be important to consider habitats in and outside protected areas in the conservation of arthropods, particularly in areas with greater percentage of natural and semi-natural landscapes occurring outside protected areas.