bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Water Quality Study of Timah Tasoh Lake in Perlis, Malaysia
Authors: Kamarudzaman Ain Nihla , Feng Voon Kim , Ab Jalil Mohd Faizal , Aziz Roslaili Abdul
Published: April 2014

Timah Tasoh Lake is surrounded by various types of land use activities ranging from industrial, agricultural and quarrying activities. These activities will affect the water quality and a threat to the ecosystem of the lake. A study was conducted in Timah Tasoh catchment areas with the aim to investigate the water quality parameters such as physical, chemical and biological in the Timah Tasoh Lake. The water quality study involved in-situ measurement and laboratory analysis. National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) for Malaysia was applied. The study concludes that the water quality was varied between stations and tends to decrease from upstream towards the lake (downstream).
The Measurements of Uranium Concentration in Human Blood in Selected Regions in Iraq Using CR-39 Track Detector
Authors: Al-Hamzawi Anees A. , Jaafar M.S. , Tawfiq Nada F.
Published: April 2014

The technique of fission track has been applied to determine the concentration of uranium in blood samples for people, male and female of Basrah city (south of Iraq), using CR-39 track detector. During the Gulf Wars I and II in 1991 and 2003 respectively, this city became a place of military operations. The measurements were done for samples of human blood for people to study the impact of exposure in this city as compared to results from Babylon city (central Iraq); the latter is far from exposure locations. The results showed that the uranium concentrations in human blood of people in Basrah city ranged from 0.83 ppb to 2.47 while for people in Babylon city, the uranium concentration ranged from 0.3 ppb to 1.59 ppb. It has also been found that the uranium concentration in human blood samples of people in Basrah city is higher than those of people in Babylon city. Results showed statistically significant differences in the uranium concentration in the residential area.
Behavior of Acrylic Polymer Addition on the Permeability of the Anbar Soils
Authors: Abdulkareem Ahmed H. , Faraj Jabbar
Published: April 2014

The soil is considered the most abundant building material in the world and after the only local resource available to the engineer for his work. On the other hand, the inclusion of materials such as soil stabilizing agents allowed improving some of its properties (mainly strength, permeability), reducing costs and environmental effects. This research investigated the effect of Acrylic polymer addition on permeability to four types of fill soils from different areas in Anbar government by laboratory tests working (i.e. the addition of different percentage of Acrylic polymer 25%, 50%, 75%, and 90% from optimum moisture content (O.M.C).The addition of acrylic to the soils lead to significant decrease in soil permeability and this serves in improving the soil layers that are effect on stability of foundation and very necessary for sensitive structures such as hydraulic structures (reservoir dams, earth dams , ... etc.). Descriptive statistical analysis including mean comparison using Duncans Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was conducted using SPSS software.
Effects of Process Variables on Size of Chitosan-Alginate Capsules through Extrusion-Dripping Method
Authors: Lim Gim Pao , Ong Hui Yen , Lee Boon Beng , Ahmad Muhammad Syarhabil , Singh Harbant , Ravindra Pogaku
Published: April 2014

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of process variables on size of chitosan-alginate capsules produced through extrusion-dripping method. Chitosan-calcium chloride solution was extruded into sodium alginate to form chitosan-alginate capsules which have a defined inner core and membrane. The results showed that sodium alginate concentration, chitosan concentration, chitosan to calcium chloride concentration ratio, needle diameter, gelation time have significant effect on the diameter and membrane thickness of chitosan-alginate capsules. Under the tested condition, chitosan-alginate capsules with diameter in a range of 3.4 mm to 4.5 mm were produced. The membrane thickness of the capsules increased when the curing time increased from 5 min to 60 min. As the concentration of sodium alginate (0.3-0.9 %w/v) and chitosan (0.4-1.0 %w/v) increased, the diameter of the chitosan-alginate capsules increased. The diameter of chitosan-alginate capsules increased with decreasing the chitosan to calcium chloride concentration ratio (1:0.5-1:1.5).
Effect of Methyl Cellulose on Apatite Formation of a Sol-Gel Derived Bioactive Glass/Titania Nanostructure Composite
Authors: Nasr-Esfahani Mojtaba , Omid-Bakhtiari Marzieh , Kashif Muhamad
Published: April 2014

In order to widen the application range of bioactive glass (BG), we prepared a bioactive glass as a composite matrix, strengthened by titania nanoparticles. The prepared composites had different amounts of both bioactive glass (49S) and titania in the weight percents of 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1, respectively. Bioactive glass sols (49S) in the system (SiO2CaOP2O5) were prepared following the solgel technique, then a solution of 2 wt% methylcellulose was added and stirred at room temperature. Precalcinated TiO2 nanopowder was dispersed in the sol and the prepared mixture was fired at 600 °C. The inhomogeneity problem in preparation of composite powder was overcome by using methylcellulose (MC) as a dispersant. The nanostructure composites were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The microstructure of the surfaces of the different composites was examined by scanning electron microanalysis (SEM) to verify the apatite formation. The results led us to the conclusion that the addition of MC reinforces the composites and increases the formation of an apatite layer in the presence of BG and titania content.
Effect of Firing Temperatures on Physical Properties and Phase Evolutions of Fine Stoneware Bodies
Authors: Punsukumtana Lada , Rugthaicharoencheep Sansanee , Saengchantara Wanna T. , Suphanam Netnapha , Sirinukunwattana Krongkarn , Pharaboon Sasithorn
Published: April 2014

Four formulas of the stoneware bodies were formulated with and without an increasing amount of lithium oxide. The bodies were designed to vitrify at the temperature lower than 1150°C. A comparison on the physical properties and the phase formation of the bodies after firing at the temperature of 1100°C, 1150°C, and 1200°C was studied. The experiment results showed that the bodies containing lithium oxide vitrified at lower temperature and showed less variation in water absorption, density, and shrinkage values in the firing range 1100-1200°C. The XRD results showed that, at 1100°C, all the bodies composed of mullite, albite, and quartz. A reduction in the amount of albite and quartz associated with mullite formation was observed when increasing the amount of lithium oxide or the temperature. Furthermore, the body with lithium oxide tended to have higher value of the Modulus of Rupture.
Zinc Oxide Nano Walls Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Noothongkaew Suttinart , Pukird Supakorn , Sukkabot Worasak , An Ki Seok
Published: April 2014

ZnO nanowalls were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition at temperature of 650 °C for 1 hour on the silicon substrate. The morphologies of samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The result from X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed that the ZnO nanowalls were vertical c-axis orientation. A room temperature Photoluminescence peak at 378 nm is ultraviolet emission (UV) and the broad peak at wavelengths around 450-650 nm is corresponding to the green emission of ZnO nanostructure. This synthesis may be applicable for gas sensor or solar cells.
Microwave Assisted Method on the Morphology of Aluminium Doped ZnO Nanocrystals
Authors: Sooksaen Pat , Rapp Malin , Potharin Kanokporn
Published: April 2014

This study investigated the effect of aluminium dopant on ZnO morphologies synthesized by microwave assisted method. The precursors used were Zn (NO3)2.6H2O, NaOH and AlCl3.6H2O. The conditions for microwave heating were 160 and 640W, 10 min with 5s ON/15s OFF step. Microwave assisted heating generates heat to activate the formation of ZnO. Phase study was carried by X-ray diffraction which confirmed the formation of wurtzite structure of ZnO for all synthesized conditions. Microstructure was studied by a scanning electron microscope which revealed different crystal morphologies of ZnO at different amount of Al doping concentrations. ZnO rod was about 3-5 μm in length and 200 500 nm in cross section with hexagonal crystal plane. During microwave heating, nucleation of ZnO rods started at a point leading growth into larger flowers. In this work, it was suggested that Al acted as a nucleating agent and affected the c-axis orientation for ZnO crystal growth. Small needles/rod-like crystals were observed probably due to fast nucleation and a decrease of growth on (002) plane.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Humic Acid Using Fe3+ and N-Doped 3SnO2/TiO2 Thin Films Coated on Glass Fibers
Authors: Kongsong Peerawas , Sikong Lek , Niyomwas Sutham , Rachpech Vishnu
Published: April 2014

The Fe3+ and N–doped 3SnO2/TiO2 composite thin films and undoped films coated on glass fibers were prepared by sol–gel and dip–coating methods. The films were calcined at 600°C for 2 hour and characterized by XRD, SEM, EDS and XPS. The photocatalytic activity of the coated glass fibers was determined by means of degradation of a methylene blue (MB) solution and humic acid (HA). It was found that the optimized 20N/3SnO2/TiO2composite films exhibit a high photocatalytic activity and HA could be rapidly removed from water. The main factor affecting the HA degradation of 20N/3SnO2/TiO2 films is quantity of glass fibers loading, irradiation power of UV lamp and flow rate of water.
Enhancement of Dielectric Constants in Strontium Titanate through Mg and Al Doping
Authors: Jongprateep Oratai , Palomas Jednupong , Khongnakhon Tunchanoke
Published: April 2014

Dielectric capacitors can be utilized in powder conversion systems of applications such as hybrid-electric and fuel cell vehicles. In order to fabricate capacitors that are suitable for practical uses, the materials should have moderately high dielectric constants, while retaining low loss. In this study, strontium titanate and strontium titanate samples doped with 10, 20, 30 at% of Mg and Al were tested for dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss. The results indicated that an increase in the amount of dopants led to enhancement of dielectric constants. The value of dielectric constant of strontium titanate with 30 at% Mg was four times higher than that of the undoped strontium titanate, while the samples with 30 at% Al could achieve the dielectric constant five times higher than that of the undoped sample. Low dielectric loss, in the range between 0.001-0.024, was observed.
Effect of Flux Materials on the Melting Characteristics of Ash Glaze
Authors: Pee Jae Hwan , Kim Geun Hee , Choi You Dam , Jung Doo Sub , Kang Gyung In
Published: April 2014

Our objective was to make transparent glaze using oak ash which has a high content of CaO and contains P2O5. However, the melting point of oak ash is above 1340°C, making it difficult to make transparent glaze using only oak ash. In order to lower the melting point of oak ash, flux materials were mixed to oak ash and melting characterization was carried out. Feldspar, which is largely composed of Na2O and K2O andlimestone largely composed of CaO were used as the flux materials. The materials were added 10, 20 and 30wt%, respectively, in order to produce the glaze. Depending on the type and amount of flux materials added, the samples were fired at temperatures between 1280~1320°C in the reducing atmosphere. As the amount of feldspar added was increased, the melting point decreased substantially. Samples with limestone added did not melt completely even at temperatures 1300°C and wollastonite phase was observed in the glaze layer.
Dewetting Suppression of Polystyrene Thin Film Using Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Pangpaiboon Nampueng , Traiphol Nisanart
Published: April 2014

Effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on thermal stability of polymeric thin film are investigated in this study. Polystyrene with molecular weight of 52,000 g/mol is used as a base polymer. The concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles in polystyrene are varied from 0-0.20 wt.%. Films are fabricated by spin casting on Si wafer substrate and annealed at 180 °C and 190 °C for various times in order to study dynamics of dewetting. Film morphologies are analysed by optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Dewetting areas of each film as a function of annealing time are determined. It is found that addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles suppresses dewetting in polystyrene film with thicknesses of ~30 nm and ~100 nm. The same titanium dioxide amounts, on the other hand, accelerate dewetting process in the film with thickness of ~265 nm. Mechanisms of dewetting suppression in polymeric film by titanium dioxide nanoparticles are discussed.
Synthesis of Visible-Light Responsive CdS/ZnO Nanocomposite Photocatalysts via Simple Precipitation Method
Authors: Chaengchawi Potjanaporn , Serivalsatit Karn , Sujaridworakun Pornapa
Published: April 2014

A visible-light responsive CdS/ZnO nanocomposite photocatalyst was successfully synthesized by precipitation of CdS nanoparticles, using Cd (NO3)2 and Na2S as starting materials, on ZnO nanoparticles and then calcined at 400°C for 2 hours. The effects of the mole ratio of CdS and ZnO in the composites on their phase, morphology, and surface area were investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Brunauer Emmett Teller method (BET), respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue solution in the presence of composite products under visible-light irradiation was investigated. The results showed that the mole ratio of CdS and ZnO played a significant role on photocatalytic performance. The highest photocatalytic activity was obtained from the CdS/ZnO nanocomposite with mole ratio of 1:4, which is higher than that of pure CdS and pure ZnO.
Preparation of Activated Carbon and Zeolite NaA Composites from Rice Husk Charcoal for Water Filtration
Authors: Tepamat Thanakorn , Mongkolkachit Charusporn , Wanakitti Suda , Wasanapiarnpong Thanakorn
Published: April 2014

Carbon and amorphous silica from rice husk charcoal was prepared by carbonization of rice husk in an incineration furnace around 700 °C. The rice husk charcoal was taken as a precursor in the synthesis of carbon and zeolite NaA composites by hydrothermal method at various synthesis temperatures of 80-110 °C and for 2-8 hour. The composite powder was formed into rectangular shape of 10 mm width, 60 mm length and 10 mm thickness by hydraulic pressing at 60 MPa with 1% of carboxy methyl cellulose mixed with 5-20% of phenolic resin as binders. Samples were fired in a tubular furnace with 5% CO2+N2 gas flow at 300-700 °C for 1 hour as the thermal activation of carbon and sintering of the composite samples. Activated carbon and zeolite NaA composites were characterized in terms of phase analysis, morphology, thermal stability, mechanical strength, calcium ions absorbtivity and specific surface area by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), three points bending, inductive coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and brunauer-emmett-teller technique (BET), respectively.
Microstructure and Properties of TCP/HA Composite Materials
Authors: Kreethawate Laksana , Tong-On Siriporn , Siriarchavatana Parkpoom , Larpkiattaworn Siriporn
Published: April 2014

Tricalcium phosphate (TCP) and hydroxyapatite (HA) are materials widely used to repair and reconstruct damaged parts of bone. They have been interesting for applying in human skeleton because of their excellent properties of biocompatibility, bioactivity and osteoconduction. Combining TCP and HA as composite material could improve their biological properties for artificial bone. In this work, phase, microstructure, and pore size of TCP/HA composite were observed at the various weight ratio of TCP:HA (7:3, 1:1, 1:4). The mixtures were formed in granule and then sintered at 1200, 1250, and 1300°C. The sintered granules of TCP/HA composite presented the porosity and pore size of 27-45% and 10-17 micron, respectively. The maximum porous sample was observed from TCP/HA composite at the weight ratio of 7:3 and it was selected to test for biocompatible prediction in vitro cytotoxicity by MTT assay.
Surface Characteristics and Hydrophilicity of the as-Anodized Films Formed at High Current Density on Ti-6Al-4V in Different Electrolytes
Authors: Whangdee Phanawan , Sriprasertsuk Sutthima , Srimaneepong Viritpon , Kashima Dujreutai Pongkao
Published: April 2014

Hydrophilicity of the as-anodized films is an important factor for improving the osseointegration of Ti implants and bone tissues. This study investigated the surface characteristics and the hydrophilicity of the as-anodized films formed on Ti-6Al-4V. The as-anodized films on Ti-6Al-4V were prepared using galvanostatic method in 1M H3PO4 or 1M MCPM as an electrolyte with different current densities (5, 20, 80 mA/cm2) and using potentiostatic method with different voltages (5, 100 and 150 V) for 30 minute at room temperature. The as-anodized films shows a significantly lower water contact angle compared to the untreated Ti-6Al-4V. The porous oxide films were fabricated on Ti-6Al-4V. Ti 2p spectra show that the as anodized films consist of TiO2 and O 1s present hydroxide (OH-) and adsorbed water (H2O) that effect to the hydrophilicity on the as-anodized film surface. These results demonstrate that the galvanostatic method at a high current density of 20 mA/cm2 and the potentiostatic at a high voltage of 150 V in MCPM could enhance both of the high surface roughness and appropriate surface species which is leading to good hydrophilicity on the as-anodized films.
Using Lime Mud Waste from Pulp Mill as an Additive in Brick Clay
Authors: Khunton Srichalai , Nilpairach Siriphan , Sangsuk Supin
Published: April 2014

Lime mud from a pulp mill was used as an additive in brick clay from the southern part of Thailand. It was mixed with the clay from Cha-Aud district, Nakorn Sithammarat province. The chemical composition of lime mud and the clay was characterised by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and the mineralogical composition was measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The particle size distribution was also measured. The main composition of lime mud is CaO, and Cha-Aud clay consists of SiO2 and Al2O3 as major oxides. The lime mud contains calcite as a major phase when Cha-Aud clay is constituted by quartz, kaolinite, illite and goethite. Particle size distribution of lime mud is in the range of 1-50 μm. After the lime mud was neutralized using hydrochloric acid, it was mixed with Cha-Aud clay at 10 wt%. Samples with and without lime mud were sintered at 700, 800, 900 and 1000°C for 1 hour. The results showed that lime mud can be used as an additive in brick clay. Both types of samples were similar in terms of physical properties when their linear firing shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength were in the same range.
The Simple Method for Increasing Chemical Stability of Glass Bottles
Authors: Naknikham Usuma , Jitwatcharakomol Tepiwan , Tapasa Kanit , Meechoowas Ekarat
Published: April 2014

In tropical countries like Thailand, a defect called soda bloom is a common problem for glass manufacturers, particularly in a rainy season. Soda bloom occurs from the reaction between sodium in glass surfaces and water in the atmosphere. The presence of soda bloom depends directly on the hydrolytic resistance of glass. The poorer hydrolytic resistance is the more and easier soda bloom generates. Surface treatments are very promising for improving the hydrolytic resistance of glass surface. The purpose of this project was to find the treatment method that was not expensive but effective. 2.5wt% of alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O)), 5wt% of alum, 5%wt of citric acid (C6H8O7), 5wt% of ammonium sulfate (NH4)2SO4and 5wt% of acetic acid (CH3COOH) were used as solutions for surface treatments. The glass were rinsed by the solutions then cleaned and dried at 110 °C for 20 minutes. Results of the hydrolytic test (ISO 4802-1) showed that 5wt% of alum gave the most satisfying result. For the untreated glass, the consumption of 0.01M HCl solution per 100 ml of the extraction solution was 2.5 ml, while the treated glass with 5wt% of alum is only 0.9 ml. This indicated the decrease of leached sodium, in other words, the increase of hydrolytic resistance with only 0.05% margin increasing.
Improvement of Mechanical Properties of Lightweight Ceramics with the Addition of Alumina Fiber
Authors: Kim Geun Hee , Pee Jae Hwan , Kim Yoo Jin , Cho Woo Seok , Kim Dae Wung
Published: April 2014

Lightweight ceramics have a low density, which leads to a decrease in strength and toughness. In the development of lightweight ceramics, high-strengthening technology is necessary. Alumina fiber was mixed with raw materials for the purpose of producing high-strength lightweight ceramics. After adding alumina fiber at 1, 3, and 5wt% and sintering at 1300°C, we found that strength and toughness increased in proportion to the amount. Instead of the high melting temperature of alumina fiber, it is reacted with matrix and generated mullite phase. And lots of alumina fiber remains in the matrix, thereby allowing improvements in strength and toughness. When alumina fiber was not added, we found a low density of 1.35~1.80 g/m3, along with low values for strength and toughness at 30~60MPa and 0.7~1.2 MPa m1/2 respectively. With 1wt% addition of alumina fiber, we obtained a higher strength of 92MPa at 1300°C, which is close to the strength of general white porcelains at 112MPa.
Using Natural Fibers in Forming the Body of Ceramic Lamp
Authors: Lawanwadeekul Siwat , Bunma Mattika
Published: April 2014

The purpose of the study was to investigate the using natural fibers in forming the body of a ceramic lamp. Natural fibers were first mixed with clay slip and then wrapped around a balloon 3 or 4 times before being left to dry at room temperature. The balloon was burst with a needle, removed and the now dry clay-fiber body was fired at 1230 °C, following which electrical fittings were added.
The Development of Pottery Products from Nong Suea Clay
Authors: Tansripraparsiri Sekporn
Published: April 2014

The development of pottery products was emphasized as the research and development project. The main ingredient was Nong Suea clay, Pathumthani province. Normally, Nong Suea clay was used for land-fill industries. However, the way to use Nong Suea clay as materials for pottery products could be a value added technology. In addition, the pottery products created from Nong Suea clay were used as the decorative materials. From the line blend method, six mixing ingredients were focused. The researcher found that the suitable mixing ingredient was the third formula that contained Nong Suea clay (80%) and Ranong white clay (20%). This formula was processed into five types of pottery products. Two temperatures were monitored for firing. First, the temperature at 850 °C was used for three different types of pots. This product was normally shaped by hand with a throwing wheel that led to the industrial process level. Second, the temperature at 1,200 °C was used for two different types of vases. The product decorations of these groups were applied by the flowing glaze technique which was suitable for long-term research and development. The craftmen in should be highly skilled, tool uses, and higher temperature capacity of kiln.
Construction of a Glaze Database
Authors: Sugiyama Toyohiko
Published: April 2014

In the research of ceramic glazes, the process of preparing the glaze test pieces and improving the recipe is repeated. Our institute, AIST Japan, has more than 300,000 glaze test pieces from over 80 years of ceramic studies. These pieces are the physical evidence of the processes and the results of glaze test experiments. As such, they provide valuable information for glaze and ceramic research. The Ceramic Color Database has been constructed to make this fundamentally important information widely accessible in support of R&D in the ceramics industry. The database includes: glaze name, firing temperature, firing atmosphere, coloring, chemical composition, recipe, physical state, and other information, as well as images of the glaze pieces. The database has been used in recent ceramics research, and its effectiveness has been verified. It was also recognized that the vast amount of data provided by the database is useful in the material development and basic research of fields other than ceramics. The database has been improved based on such usage status. In this paper, the structure and usage of the database are described and the future development of the database is discussed.
Influence of Grog and Cement on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Unfired Clay Bricks
Authors: Mulinta Soravich
Published: April 2014

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of red clay, grog and cement content (5,10,15,20%) on unfired clay brick’s properties. The comparative properties of construction bricks produced by the community fulfilled the requirements of Thai industrial standard (TIS 77-2545) for brick processing in Small and Micro Community Enterprise of Clay Brick Making Group in Son Bun Reung village. The physical and mechanical properties were tested consisting of the volume shrinkage, bulk density, appearance porosity, moisture expansion, slaking, compressive and fractural strength. The result showed that physical-mechanical properties were improved by the addition of cement. The unfired clay brick consisting of 100% grog and 20% cement had 4.5% shrinkage value. The bulk density and appearance porosity were 1.77 g/cm2 and 3.5%, respectively. The fractural strength of unfired clay bricks was 41.2 kg/cm2. The compressive strength of unfired clay bricks was 282.4 kg/cm2. The clay bricks were not slaking.
Valorization of Mill Scale Waste by its Incorporation in Fired Clay Bricks
Authors: Spiliotis X. , Ntampegliotis K. , Kasiteropoulou D. , Lamprakopoulos S. , Lolos K. , Karayannis V. , Papapolymerou G.
Published: April 2014

The mill scale (MS) waste is produced in steel industry during the milling process from the rapid oxidization of the hot iron products, and is mainly consisted of iron oxides (>95%). The aim of this work is to evaluate the utilization of MS (known in Greece as “kalamina”) as an admixture in clay bricks manufacturing by applying extrusion and sintering processes. For that purpose, specimens were formed from various clay/MS mixtures (up to 9 wt% MS) and then fired at different temperatures (up to 1100°C). Shrinkage and weight loss upon firing as well as density, porosity, bending strength and thermal conductivity of sintered specimens were determined and studied as a function of the % MS content and the firing temperature for optimization. The experimental results show that the incorporation of MS in clay bricks production is feasible, as an efficient secondary resource, thus turning waste from one industry into useful feedstock for another one. Specifically, the mechanical performance and thermal conductivity are not significantly affected with increasing the mineral admixture percentage and the sintering temperature.
Characteristics of Automotive Glass Waste-Containing Gypsum Bodies Made from Used Plaster Mould
Authors: Tounchuen Kanyakan , Buggakupta Wantanee , Panpa Withaya
Published: April 2014

This work focuses on characterization of gypsum building materials based on used plaster mould and automotive safety glass waste. The used plaster mould was another source of relatively high purity calcium sulfate. Meanwhile, automotive print-screened glass waste derived from glass machining processes and sedimented as a lump of glass powder was rich in silica. The used mould was ground and calcined in order to convert gypsum dihydrate into hemihydrate while the glass lump was dried and become loose cullet powder. The waste materials were thoroughly mixed and cast into blocks, using used plaster mould. Various glass waste contents from 0, 5, 10, 15 to 20 %wt were employed as a filler. Chemical compositions of the mix were carefully characterized. Phase content microstructural features were also determined. Development in compressive strength as well as water resistance were investigated. The experimental works showed that the addition of the glass waste in the used plaster mould containing gypsum bodies could comparatively improve both strength and water insolubility.
Effects of Waste from HDPE Catalyst Process on Melting Behaviour and Thermal Properties of White Opaque Glazes
Authors: Pokaew Suneeporn , Buggakupta Wantanee , Wasanapiarnpong Thanakorn
Published: April 2014

Polyolefin catalyst wastes have been rising with growing high density polyethylene (HDPE) demand. Utilizing on recycling such waste residue has then become a challenging task to achieve. Due to its relatively fine particles, iron oxide-free and consistent composition, the waste can possibly be another alternative for ceramic glaze raw materials. This study observed the replacement of the waste to the conventional glaze raw materials. The residue mainly contains TiO2 along with CaO, Al2O3 and a small amount of chloride. Physical and chemical properties of the waste were characterized. The roles of the waste on melting behaviour and appearance were observed. Colour of the introduced waste-containing glaze was determined by a spectrophotometer. Finally, coefficient of linear thermal expansion of the obtained glazes was done by a dilatometer. Characteristics of the waste-bearing white opaque glazes were reported and discussed.
Thermodynamic and Relaxation Processes near Curie Point in Gadolinium
Authors: Kamantsev Alexander P. , Koledov Victor V. , Shavrov Vladimir G. , Tereshina Irina S.
Published: April 2014

An experimental method is suggested for the determination of the rate of magnetic phase transitions. The method is based on the measurement of the change of magnetic susceptibility of a ferromagnetic sample in the vicinity of the phase transition in response to an abrupt change of the sample temperature. This paper describes the measurement of the change of the magnetic susceptibility of a thin gadolinium plates, cooled by water-flow at a temperature below the Curie point (TC=292 K). It was found that the relaxation time of the magnetic susceptibility of gadolinium in the temperature range from 289.9 to 291.3 K can be approximated using the Landau-Khalatnikov equation with a kinetic coefficient value γ = 3.9×10-8cm3/(erg×s). The linear approximation does not fit well in the range from 291.3 to 293.2 K. The fundamental restriction of specific power of the magnetocaloric refrigerator (made by gadolinium plates) was estimated.
Magnetic Phase Diagrams of Tm2Fe19-xMnx and Tm2Fe17+δ Systems
Authors: Kuchin Anatoly G. , Gabay Alexandr M. , Makarova Galina M. , Voronin Vladimir I. , Berger Ivan F. , Platonov Sergey P. , Volegov Alexey S.
Published: April 2014

The Tm2Fe19-xMnx (x = 0 - 1.5) and Tm2Fe16, Tm2Fe17, Tm2Fe18, Tm2Fe19 intermetallic compounds were synthesized and their magnetic and structural properties were studied. Magnetic measurements, X-ray and neutron diffraction investigations were used. The compounds crystallize in a disordered variant of the hexagonal Th2Ni17-type structure. The lattice parameters a, c increases in the Tm2Fe19-xMnx system, whereas c decreases and a increases in the Tm2Fe19 - Tm2Fe16 system as Fe content decreases. The temperatures of ferromagnetic ordering and spin-reorientation increase as Fe content decreases in these systems. Apparently, the decrease of occupation of defected dumbbell Fe (4e) site causes these regularities.
Spin Glass State in Iron-Doped Bi2Fe0.128Te2.844Se0.145 Topological Insulator
Authors: Koroleva Liudmila I. , Morozov Artiom S. , Marenkin Sergey F. , Fedorchenko Irina V. , Szymczak Rhita A.
Published: April 2014

The researching of dependence of magnetization from temperature T and magnetic field in the Bi2Fe0.128Te2.844Se0.145 single-crystal showed that it have spinglass-like state with freezing temperature Tf= 40 K. Its electric resistance up to 100 K is ~ 103 Ohm and decreases with the temperature increase. At T > 110 K electric resistance ~ 10-2 Ohm and magnetization is four times smaller than in spinglass-like state. It can be assumed from these results that this sample is topological insulator at T > 110 K and at small temperature, where it is spinglass-like, offers the breaking of the time reversal symmetry.
Crystal Structure and Coercivity of Electrodeposited Nickel Films
Authors: Sukovatitsina Ekaterina V. , Samardak Alexander S. , Ognev Alexey V. , Chebotkevich Ludmila A. , Samardak Alexey Y. , Sanaeian M.R. , Nasirpouri Farzad
Published: April 2014

We report on an experimental study on electrodeposited nanocrystalline nickel films. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopies reveal granular structure of the films with varying grain size and surface roughness in dependence on deposition conditions. In term of magnetic properties all the fabricated films are isotropic. We define magnetization reversal occurring through the non-coherent magnetization rotation where the average grain size is comparable to the width of Bloch domain walls (DW). For those film with a greater grain size, the remagnetization processes take place due to the non-coherent magnetization vectors rotation and DW displacement in the grains.
Solid-State Reactions in Fe/Si Multilayer Nanofilms
Authors: Zharkov Sergey M. , Altunin Roman R. , Moiseenko Evgeny T. , Zeer Galina M. , Varnakov Sergey N. , Ovchinnikov Sergey G.
Published: April 2014

Solid-state reaction processes in Fe/Si multilayer nanofilms have been studied in situ by the methods of transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction in the process of heating from room temperature up to 900ºС at a heating rate of 8-10ºС/min. The solid-state reaction between the nanolayers of iron and silicon has been established to begin at 350-450ºС increasing with the thickness of the iron layer.
Synthesis of Ferromagnetic Germanides in 40Ge/60Mn Films: Magnetic and Structural Properties
Authors: Myagkov Victor G. , Matsunin A.A. , Mikhlin Y.L. , Zhigalov Victor S. , Bykova Liudmila E. , Tambasov I.A. , Bondarenko G.N. , Patrin Gennady S. , Velikanov Dmitry A.
Published: April 2014

Solid-state reactions between Ge and Mn films are systematically examined using X-ray diffraction, photoelectron spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. The films have a nominal atomic ratio Ge:Mn = 40:60 and are investigated at temperatures from 50 to 500 °С. It is established that after annealing at ~120 °С, the ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3 phase is the first phase to form at the 40Ge/60Mn interface. Increasing the annealing temperature to 500 °С leads to the formation of the ferromagnetic phase with a Curie temperature TC ~ 360 K and magnetization MS ~ 140-200 emu/cc at room temperature. Analysis of X-ray diffraction patterns and the photoelectron spectra suggests that the increased Curie temperature and magnetization are related to the migration of C and O atoms into the Mn5Ge3 lattice and the formation of the Nowotny phase Mn5Ge3СxOy. The initiation temperature (~120 °С) of the Mn5Ge3 phase is the same both for solid-state reactions in Ge/Mn films, as well as for phase separation in GexMn1-x diluted semiconductors. We conclude that the synthesis of the Mn5Ge3 phase is the moving force for the spinodal decomposition of the GexMn1-x diluted semiconductors.
Magneto-Optics of Cobalt and Nickel Nanoparticles Implanted in SiO2: Comparative Study
Authors: Petrov Dmitriy A. , Edelman Irina S. , Ivantsov Ruslan D. , Zharkov Sergey M. , Stepanov Andrey L.
Published: April 2014

Co and Ni nanoparticles were fabricated in fused silica plates by ion implantation technique. Electron microscopy showed the nanoparticles to be of spherical shape. Magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) was investigated in the spectral range 1.2 - 4.2 eV in a field of about 3 kOe. MCD spectra are considerably different from the spectra of thin nickel and cobalt films. MCD spectra for Ni nanoparticles are associated with surface plasmon resonance.
Magnetic and Structural Properties of Granular Films Al2O3-FePd3 Synthesized by Aluminothermy
Authors: Zhigalov Victor S. , Myagkov V.G. , Semyachkov V.A. , Bondarenko G.N. , Nemtsev I.V.
Published: April 2014

The Al2O3-FePd3 structure was fabricated by aluminothermy, or the Goldschmidt reaction. The initial structure was prepared by the formation of a highly-ordered L10-FePd epitaxial film with the use of the solid-state reaction in a Fe(001)/Pd(001) bilayer system on the MgO substrate. To obtain a granular structure, the L10-FePd samples were oxidized in air with the subsequent deposition of an aluminum layer onto their surface and vacuum annealing. Depending on annealing time and temperature, a system of L12-FePd3 grains 5 nm in size was formed in an Al2O3 insulating matrix. Parameters of thermal treatment of the initial structure are presented, the occurring phase transformations are described, and the magnetic characteristics are measured. It is established that the ordered L10-FePd phase is obtained at an initiation temperature of the reaction of about 450 оС and the granular L12-FePd3 system forms at 600-650 °С.
The Effect of Oblique Deposition with Small Incidence on Magnetic Properties of Thin Magnetic Films
Authors: Belyaev Boris A. , Izotov Andrey V. , Solovev Platon N.
Published: April 2014

Using the scanning spectrometer of ferromagnetic resonance it was found that the small deviation of the incidence atoms from the normal during the deposition had a strong influence on magnetic parameters of thin films.
Thin Magnetic Films with Artificial Texture on Substrate: Microwave Properties
Authors: Belyaev Boris A. , Izotov Andrey V. , Leksikov Alexander A. , Serzhantov Alexey M. , Lemberg Konstantin V. , Solovev Platon N.
Published: April 2014

Using the scanning spectrometer of ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) the experimental dependences of the resonance field and FMR line width of thin permalloy magnetic films, which were deposited in vacuum on the substrate with an artificial texture, were obtained. The texture was produced by putting parallel grooves using a diamond cutter on glass substrates with period from 5 to 100 μm. It was found that the presence of the texture led to a considerable increase of the resonance field and FMR line width, when the external field was directed orthogonal to the grooves. On the base of a numerical micromagnetic simulation the explanation of the nature of observable in thin magnetic films effects was given.
Magneto-Optical Properties of Co/TiO2 Layered Films
Authors: Polyakov V.V. , Polyakova Klaudia P. , Seredkin V.A. , Patrin Gennady S.
Published: April 2014

Spectral dependences of the polar Kerr effect in Co/TiO2multilayer films in the spectral range 400--1000 nm have been studied. It is shown that the sign, value, and shape of the magneto-optical spectrum depend on the thickness of a dielectric spacer and the number of layers in the structure. It has been established that the magneto-optical rotation in the Co/TiO2films considerably exceeds that in homogeneous Co films. The magneto-optical rotation attains the record value 2θk= 7.3 deg in the Co (5 nm)/ TiO2(17 nm) layered structure with the number of layer pairs n = 8 at a wavelength of 560 nm.
Definition of Amorphous Tapes Magnetic Condition Using Temperature Dependence of the Saturation Magnetic Moment
Authors: Pechnikov Vladimir S.
Published: April 2014

In article results of research of the saturation magnetic moment temperature dependence of ferromagnetic amorphous tapes on an iron and cobalt basis, and also one not ferromagnetic amorphous tape are described. It is shown that in an initial condition not all atoms of magnetic elements are in a ferromagnetic phase. Temperature dependence of the saturation moment of a ferromagnetic phase of amorphous tapes is well described by Brillouin's function. Possibility of quantitative definition of part of the magnetic atoms forming not ferromagnetic phase of a tape is proved. It is shown that the tape on the iron basis, containing about 20% of chrome, not ferromagnetic in an initial condition, consists of the superparamagnetic nanoparticles including about 10 atoms of iron.
Temperature Dependence of Magnetic Saturation in Electrodeposited Nanocrystalline Nickel Films
Authors: Samardak Alexey Y. , Pechnikov Vladimir S. , Sukovatitsina Ekaterina V. , Samardak Alexander S. , Ognev Alexey V. , Chebotkevich Liudmila A. , Mahdizadeh Hadi , Akbari Alireza , Nasirpouri Farzad
Published: April 2014

We report on experimental results of the temperature dependence of inductive (total) magnetic moment and remanent magnetic moment at saturation field for electrodeposited nanocrystalline Ni films with thicknesses ranging from 350 nm to 20 μm. We have found that the amplitude of roughness and crystallite size significantly affected the remanent saturation magnetic moment and coercivity.
Stress Dependence of Photoinduced Magnetostriction in Yttrium Iron Garnets
Authors: Vorob'eva Natalya V.
Published: April 2014

The present study investigates photoinduced changes of magnetostriction in yttrium-iron garnet (YIG) single crystals. Single crystals of Y3Fe5O12 were grown from BaO-B2O3 (YIG(Ba)), PbO-PbF2 (YIG(Pb)) and PbO-PbF2:SiO2 (YIG(Si)) solutions from flux. Photoinduced magnetostrictive response types for these three kinds of YIG crystals are quite different. The magnetostrictive constants, the trigonal symmetric internal stresses and their photoinduced changes were calculated for all samples. The conclusion is that the internal stresses in the crystal lattice, caused by defects, determine the photoinduced response type of the crystal.
Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Co/Ge Bilayer Films
Authors: Patrin Gennady S. , Turpanov Igor A. , Patrin Konstantin G. , Alekseichik Ekaterina A. , Kobyakov Aleksandr V. , Yushkov Vasiliy I.
Published: April 2014

The magnetic and electrical properties of Co/Ge bilayer films are experimentally studied. It is established that at the Co/Ge interface an intermediate magnetic layer forms. This layer affects the magnetic behavior and magnetoresistive effect in the investigated structures.
Multimode Surface Magnetostatic Wave Propagation in Irregular Planar YIG Waveguide
Authors: Beginin Evgeny N. , Sadovnikov Alexandr V. , Sharaevsky Yurii P. , Nikitov Sergey A.
Published: April 2014

Brillouin light spectroscopy method of magnetic materials was used for experimental study of multimode propagation characteristics of surface magnetostatic waves in an irregular ferrite waveguide. It was experimentally demonstrated that the spatial transformation of modes is possible in tapered ferrite planar waveguide due to breaking of the axis symmetry.
Photovoltage Spectroscopy of Dipolar Spin Waves in Dy Micromagnets
Authors: Nogaret Alain , Stebliy Maxim E. , Portal Jean Claude , Samardak Alexander S. , Ognev Alexey V. , Beere Harvey E. , Ritchie David A.
Published: April 2014

We report on a sensitive spectroscopic technique for probing the spin excitations of individual submicron magnets. This technique uses a high mobility two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) confined in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction to pick up the oscillating dipolar magnetic field emanating from the individual spin wave modes of micromagnets fabricated at its surface. We review a range of dynamic phenomena that demonstrate the formation of magnetostatic waves in finger gate arrays, dipolar edge spin waves in bar magnets, vortex hysteresis in magnetic dots and the photovoltage dependence on microwave polarization.
Domain Structures in Films with Combined Magnetic Anisotropy. Two-Dimensional Simulation
Authors: Dubovik Mikhail N. , Zverev Vladimir V. , Filippov Boris N.
Published: April 2014

The domain structure dependence on the uniaxial anisotropy constant has been considered in a micrometer-thick film by means of the two-dimensional micromagnetic simulation. The film has both uniaxial and tetra-axial magnetic anisotropies. The new type domain structures and walls caused by the tetra-axial anisotropy presence are predicted.
Modulated Nanomagnetics
Authors: Murtazaev Akai K. , Ibaev Zhavrail G.
Published: April 2014

Thermodynamic properties of modulated magnetic ordering nanoparticles are studied by the Monte-Carlo methods. Temperature curves for main thermodynamic parameters are plotted. The availability of free surface is shown to lead to the displacement of phase transition temperatures and the complex dependency of thermodynamic parameters on a temperature. We determine the modulated ordering in nanoparicles is possible at sufficiently larger linear sizes.
3-D Simulations of Micromagnetic Transition Structures in Vortex Asymmetric Domain Walls
Authors: Zverev Vladimir V. , Dubovik Mikhail N. , Filippov Boris N.
Published: April 2014

The three-dimensional transition structures in the vortex asymmetric domain walls existing in magnetically uniaxial soft magnetic films with in-plane anisotropy are studied by micromagnetic simulations. It is shown that interaction of closely spaced transition structures results in various dynamical scenarios including vortex-antivortex annihilations, creation and annihilation of singular (Bloch) points, and excitation of nonlinear waves.
Manipulation of Magnetic Properties and Domain Wall Dynamics in Amorphous Ferromagnetic Microwires by Annealing under Applied Stress
Authors: Chichay Kseniay , Rodionova Valeria , Zhukova Valentina , Ipatov Mihail , Zhukov Arcady
Published: April 2014

The effect of annealing under applied stress on magnetic properties of Co-based or CoFeNi-based glass-coated microwires was studied. It was found that CoFeNi-based microwires became bistable after annealing because of changing of magnetostriction constant sign, while Co-based microwires keep S-shape of hysteresis loop. The domain wall dynamics of microwires which became bistable was also investigated and it was shown that microwires with acquired bistability are more suitable for applications.
Lorentz's Electron Microscopy of Thin Films with Frustrated Magnetic Structure
Authors: Kveglis Liudmila I. , Abylkalykova Riza B. , Djes Alexey V. , Volochaev Michail N. , Cherkov Alexander G. , Gorev Michail V.
Published: April 2014

The unique electrical and magnetic properties Fe86Mn13C alloy (Hadfield's steel) are due to special modulated structure. The alloy is widely used in mechanical engineering. Complex studies of the structure and properties of the alloy both in bulk samples and thin-films are suggested to describe the formation of a deformation martensite structure in Fe86Mn13C alloy in the form of self-assembled clusters. It is shown that combinations of anti-ferromagnetic austenite and ferrimagnetic martensite of deformation create unique electric and magnetic properties of Fe86Mn13C alloy both in bulk and in a thin-film state. We seek to explain the reason for the change of the sign of thermoelectric effect depending on temperature. Our task is to investigate thin Fe86Mn13C films as a possible solution to the problems of spintronics.
Spot Electron-Beam Lithography as a Novel Method of High Resolution Pattern Nanofabrication
Authors: Samardak Alexander S. , Anisimova Margarita V. , Ognev Alexey V. , Samardak Vadim Yu. , Chebotkevich Liudmila A.
Published: April 2014

We present a novel method of pattern nanofabrication with high resolution and small shape defects using the traditional electron-beam lithography (EBL) or only a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Our method of Spot EBL is extremely fast, highly scalable on big areas, capable of sub-20 nm resolution and fabrication of polymer patterns with complicated shapes. We show the nanostructure images fabricated by Spot EBL and propose practical applications of the novel method.