bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meta-analytic connectivity modelling of deception-related brain regions
Authors: Meier Sarah K. , Ray Kimberly L. , Mastan Juliana C. , Salvage Savannah R. , Robin Donald A.
Published: August 2021

Brain-based deception research began only two decades ago and has since included a wide variety of contexts and response modalities for deception paradigms. Investigations of this sort serve to better our neuroscientific and legal knowledge of the ways in which individuals deceive others. To this end, we conducted activation likelihood estimation (ALE) and meta-analytic connectivity modelling (MACM) using BrainMap software to examine 45 task-based fMRI brain activation studies on deception. An activation likelihood estimation comparing activations during deceptive versus honest behavior revealed 7 significant peak activation clusters (bilateral insula, left superior frontal gyrus, bilateral supramarginal gyrus, and bilateral medial frontal gyrus). Meta-analytic connectivity modelling revealed an interconnected network amongst the 7 regions comprising both unidirectional and bidirectional connections. Together with subsequent behavioral and paradigm decoding, these findings implicate the supramarginal gyrus as a key component for the sociocognitive process of deception.
Calculation model for the amount of tradable water rights based on water shortage risk evaluation
Authors: Wu XiaoYuan , Wu Feng-Ping , Xu Xia , Li Fang
Published: August 2021

A scientific measurement of the amount of tradable water rights forms the premise for reaching an agreement in water rights trading. However, the existing measurement methods, based on water saving potential, still have problems caused by large computation workload and difficult-to-control errors. Conflicts also easily emerge between transferor and transferee during the execution of transaction agreements. This paper proposes a new method for measuring tradable water rights from the perspective of an assessment of the risk of water shortage for the transferor. The following describes the basic idea: An index system is established for the assessment of the water shortage risk of the transferor to identify water shortage risk categories. The impact of the water rights transaction volume on the transferor’s water shortage risk category is analyzed under different incoming water frequencies. The transferor’s water shortage risk threshold is set and a simulated annealing algorithm is designed to calculate the theoretical value of tradable water rights. The following summarizes the innovation of the proposed method: The water resource shortage risk evaluation index of the transferor is constructed based on water resource endowment, water supply, water demand, and water ecological environment of the transferor; then, a risk classification evaluation model of water resource shortage is established and a measurement method of tradable water rights is introduced. Comprehensive analysis of a case analysis of Helan County in the Ningxia Autonomous Region, China, shows that the recommended value of tradable water rights of Helan County is 40 million m3. Various methods are used to calculate the weights of evaluation indexes, which are compared to the measured results of tradable water rights; moreover, the sensitivity of the results is analyzed. The obtained results show that the use of water-saving potential to measure the amount of tradable water rights is feasible.
Clinical correlates of circulating cell-free DNA tumor fraction
Authors: Bredno Joerg , Lipson Jafi , Venn Oliver , Aravanis Alexander M. , Jamshidi Arash
Published: August 2021

Background

Oncology applications of cell-free DNA analysis are often limited by the amount of circulating tumor DNA and the fraction of cell-free DNA derived from tumor cells in a blood sample. This circulating tumor fraction varies widely between individuals and cancer types. Clinical factors that influence tumor fraction have not been completely elucidated.

Methods and findings

Circulating tumor fraction was determined for breast, lung, and colorectal cancer participant samples in the first substudy of the Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas study (CCGA; NCT02889978; multi-cancer early detection test development) and was related to tumor and patient characteristics. Linear models were created to determine the influence of tumor size combined with mitotic or metabolic activity (as tumor mitotic volume or excessive lesion glycolysis, respectively), histologic type, histologic grade, and lymph node status on tumor fraction. For breast and lung cancer, tumor mitotic volume and excessive lesion glycolysis (primary lesion volume scaled by percentage positive for Ki-67 or PET standardized uptake value minus 1.0, respectively) were the only statistically significant covariates. For colorectal cancer, the surface area of tumors invading beyond the subserosa was the only significant covariate. The models were validated with cases from the second CCGA substudy and show that these clinical correlates of circulating tumor fraction can predict and explain the performance of a multi-cancer early detection test.

Conclusions

Prognostic clinical variables, including mitotic or metabolic activity and depth of invasion, were identified as correlates of circulating tumor DNA by linear models that relate clinical covariates to tumor fraction. The identified correlates indicate that faster growing tumors have higher tumor fractions. Early cancer detection from assays that analyze cell-free DNA is determined by circulating tumor fraction. Results support that early detection is particularly sensitive for faster growing, aggressive tumors with high mortality, many of which have no available screening today.
Comparative Evaluation of Push Out Bond Strength of Fiber Post Using One Self-Etch Resin Cement and Two Self-Adhesive Resin Cements - An In-Vitro Study, Punjab Government Dental College and Hospital, Amritsar, Punjab
Authors: Kumar Baljeet , Kumar Rajinder
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Endodontically treated teeth have higher fracture rate due to pronounced coronal destruction. The minimally invasive approach of associating adhesive techniques and posts seems to contribute to a better clinical prognosis for endodontically treated teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the push out bond strength and mode of failure of fiber post using one self-etch resin cement and two selfadhesive resin cements. METHODS Sixty single rooted teeth were selected and decoronated 2 mm coronal to cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The teeth were prepared and obturated, then divided into three groups of 20 samples each. The post spaces were prepared and relyX fiber posts were cemented in group I with multilink N, in group II with relyX U200 and in group III with Maxcem elite luting cements. The specimens were sectioned into three slices of 2 ± 0.1 mm thickness to perform the push out test using universal testing machine. Failure modes were evaluated using scanning electron microscope. Thus, collected data was statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance test. RESULTS The push out bond strength of group I was significantly higher than that of group II and group III (P < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was found between group II and group III. There was significant difference between coronal, middle and apical thirds in each group. The mode of failures showed 78 % of the samples had adhesive failure while 22 % of the samples had mixed failure. CONCLUSIONS Multilink N was found to be significantly more effective than RelyX U200 and Maxcem elite. Most common type of failure observed was adhesive failure between dentine-cement interface. KEY WORDS Fiber Post, Self-Etch Cement, Self-Adhesive Cement, Bond Strength, Push Out Test
Evaluation of Ki67 Expression in Relation to Tumor Stage and Fuhrman Nuclear Grade of Renal Cell Carcinoma and MUC1 Expression in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ganesan Sarumathy , Arumugam Prathiba , Ilanchezhian Nithya , Manickam Saraswathi
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignant renal tumour in adults. Prognosis of RCC depends on various factors like tumour stage, nuclear grade and histological type. For planning adjuvant therapy, accurate prediction of prognosis is mandatory. In many studies, ki67 and MUC1 has shown to be of prognostic significance and immunohistochemical expression of these two markers plays an important role in determining the prognosis of RCC. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Ki67 expression in histologically confirmed cases of RCC and MUC1 expression in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and to correlate them with the stage and Fuhrman nuclear grade of the tumour, in order to determine their role as prognostic markers in RCC. METHODS This study was a retrospective study. A total of 50 specimens of renal cell carcinoma were studied. The specimens were total and partial nephrectomy done in the department of urology for a period of 3 years. Expression of Ki67 and MUC1 in RCC were studied by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Statistical analysis was performed and P value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Out of 50 RCC studied, Ki67 labelling index ≥ 15 % was found in 35 cases. For MUC1, immunoreactivity of more than 10 % of tumor cell was found in 28/34 of clear cell RCC. In this study, Ki67 labelling index showed statistically significant expression with the stage of tumor and the nuclear grade. MUC1 expression also showed significant correlation with nuclear grade and stage of clear cell RCC. CONCLUSIONS High Ki67 labelling index in renal cell carcinoma is seen to correlate with higher nuclear grade and stage of tumor. High level expression with circumferential staining pattern of MUC1 is seen in high grade tumours with increased risk of metastasis. So MUC1 and Ki67 can be considered as a marker of prognosis of RCC. KEY WORDS Renal Cell Carcinoma, Immunohistochemistry, Ki67, MUC1
Evaluation of Large-Scale Rapid Antigen Testing of Incoming Passengers at a Dynamic Point of Care Setting Carried Out by Dental Students for Covid-19 Screening – A Field Report
Authors: Langalia Akshay K. , Patel Dolly P. , Kumbhar Aravind D. , Maheshwari Hetal J. , Vyas Shubhangi K. , Marfatia Parishi K. , Lalwani Yash M. , Shah Aarshvi A.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Assessment of the results of large-scale rapid antigen diagnostic (RAD) testing for detection of SARS-CoV-2 amongst incoming passengers was carried out by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC) Dental College Students at the Central Railway Station of Ahmedabad city. We wanted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of RAD testing for detection of Covid-19 amongst passengers disembarking from scheduled trains arriving at the Central Railway Terminus of Ahmedabad city. METHODS Under the campaign “Chase the Virus” launched by Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC), Interns & Final Year students of AMC Dental College were trained to carry out rapid antigen testing of scheduled trains running on special routes starting from 07 / 09 / 2020 to 05 / 10 / 2020. 14 dental teams were deputed at a temporary testing facility formulated for day-to-day testing at the Central Station using the standalone Standard - Q Covid-19 Ag testing kit (SD Biosensor, South Korea). RESULTS In total, 18901 travellers were tested in a span of 26 days out of which 324 tested positive with an overall percentage positivity of 1.71 %. An average number of 727 (± 182) tests were performed with an overall sensitivity of 66.01 % and specificity of 99.71 %. CONCLUSIONS In response to the growing Covid-19 pandemic and complexity of laboratory-based molecular tests, rapid antigen detection tests have proved to be efficient in the easier and faster diagnosis of the passengers in such point of care settings. KEY WORDS Rapid Antigen Detection Test, Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2
Sexual Dimorphism of Femoral Head - An Observational Study in the Population of Odisha
Authors: Kanchan Rajeev Kumar , Subhadarsini Sonali , Mishra Dharma Niranjan , Mohapatra Chinmayi
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND Femur is the longest and strongest bone of the human body. It also takes relatively longer time to disintegrate after death, hence morphometric analysis of skeletal remains of femoral head can be considered for the determination of age and sex for forensic expert, anthropologist as well as anatomist. The present study was an attempt to establish sex of a skeleton by the help of femoral head diameters which will be of great help in medico-legal and anthropometric studies. METHODS The present study was carried out in the S C B Medical College Cuttack from May 2019 to June 2020 by taking 84 dried and intact femora. The vertical head diameter of femoral head and head circumference were measured by the vernier’ s caliper and measuring tape in centimeters. RESULTS The result showed significant difference in the head circumference and the vertical diameter of head of femur of the male and female femora. It was found that the mean femoral head circumference of the male was 13.296 cm with a “S.D” of 0.8694 cm and female was 12.023 cm with a “S.D” of 0.73 cm and vertical diameter of male was 4.1520 cm with a “SD” of 0.3635 cm and that of female femora was 3.7231 cm with a “S.D” of 0.2264 cm respectively. CONCLUSIONS There was a significant difference in the head circumference and the vertical diameter of head of femur of the male and female femora which determines sexual dimorphism. KEY WORDS Anthropometry, Medico-Legal, and Standard Deviation (SD)
An Insight in to Various Metallic Oxide Nanoparticles as Antimicrobials and Their Applications in Dentistry
Authors: Kanathila Hema , Pangi Ashwin M. , Patil Suvidha , Shirlal Shilpa , Jaiswal Rahul
Published: August 2021

Oral cavity contains numerous microorganisms. Among them, some are pathogenic and cause infections. Hence to control and prevent such infections, a lot of research has been conducted on different materials using various advanced techniques. Nanotechnology and nanoscience have emerged in the recent years exploring the antimicrobial effects of metal nanoparticles. Metal oxide nanoparticles have shown good results against microorganisms. Distinct physical, chemical and biologic properties of metallic oxide nanoparticles make them efficient antimicrobial agents. Both the size and high surface to volume ratio have been considered as the reason for their microbicidal efficacy. Metallic oxide nanoparticles show high durability and less cell toxicity compared to organic nanoparticles. And this positive response of metallic oxide nanoparticles make their use in medical and dental fields more promising. Most of the infections of oral cavity are fungal, bacterial or viral. In dentistry, microorganisms are believed to cause failures of many treatment by causing infections. To achieve a long-term success of treatment rendered, various possibilities have been studied. Application of this nanotechnology in dentistry termed as nano dentistry, has brought many effective changes in the control of oral infections as well as changes in the dental materials. Various metallic nanoparticles like silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide nanoparticles etc., have been used as well as modified in order to apply in dentistry. Many researches have been carried out by incorporating metallic oxide nanoparticles with dental materials which have shown excellent antimicrobial effectiveness. This review focuses on metal and metallic oxide nanoparticles and their effectiveness as antimicrobials and their various applications in dental field. KEY WORDS Nanoparticles, Antimicrobials, Metallic Oxides, Dental Materials, Dentistry
Measuring the Canal Length - A Review
Authors: Verma Simran , Grewal Mandeep S. , Arora Anshul , Arya Ashtha , Gupta Vipul
Published: August 2021

The objectives of root canal treatment are elimination of microorganisms, removal of pulpal remnants, removal of debris, and shaping of the root canal system so that it may be obturated. The most important step in endodontic therapy is canal preparation which can be achieved by accurate working length determination. Working length determines the extent of placing the instruments into the canal, it affects the degree of pain and discomfort which the patient will experience post treatment and it plays an important role in the success of the treatment if placed within correct limits. The cementodentinal junction, where the pulp tissue changes into the apical tissue, is the ideal physiologic apical limit of WL because at this point healing is supposed to be optimal, and the wound to the periapical tissues is minimal.The apical constriction is however, histological and is impossible to locate clinically or radiographically. There are several methods of determining working length which include radiographical methods, digital tactile sense, apical periodontal sensitivity, paper point method and electronic apex locators. The requirements of an ideal method for determining working length include rapid location of the apical constriction in all pulpal conditions, easy measurement, rapid periodic monitoring and confirmation, patient and clinician comfort, minimal radiation to the patient; ease of use in special patients; and cost effectiveness. To achieve the highest degree of accuracy in working length determination, a combination of several methods should be used. This article reviews the different methods to determine WL and their clinical implications. KEY WORDS Working Length, Apex Locator, Radiographic Method.
Epidemics and Pandemics in India Since 20th Century - A Brief Review
Authors: Dangore-Khasbage Suwarna
Published: August 2021

The outbreak of an infectious disease and its spread beyond geographic boundaries which leads to a high mortality is declared as pandemic. The factors responsible for pandemic are globalization and travel of people across the world for education, employment, business etc. On March 11, 2020 the corona virus outbreak was declared as pandemic by the World Health Organization. Nevertheless, India was one of the countries affected by the coronavirus outbreak. This article describes the epidemics and pandemics in India since 20th century. But, India was a sufferer of few serious pandemics even before that which are mentioned in brief in this article. Every pandemic has some similar and some dissimilar set of characteristics. All the possible precautionary measures should be taken to avoid transmission within the country and to other countries. In this article, the sincere efforts have been put into compilation of all these natural disasters to alert the dental and medical professionals about the mistakes they might have committed in dealing with an outbreak in the past or how they would overcome or face the current issues. Fortunately India has fought against all these calamites bravely and successfully. Nevertheless during COVID-19 also, India is maintaining better control over the disease spread irrespective of its limited resources and dense population. Though overall incidence of new cases is reducing day by day, COVID-19 still exists in India and all over the world. A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time is termed as “endemic’. However, if the outbreak of a disease occurs due to its high infectious potential it can lead to a high mortality rate, and so is declared as a pandemic. The globalization and travel of people across the world is usually responsible for pandemic. India has handled many epidemics and pandemics as revealed by history. The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak as pandemic on March 11, 2020. Basically the disease originated in China, as the first case of COVID-19 infection was diagnosed in Wuhan city of China. Large number of cases were detected to be suffering from the same disease in China as it was a highly contagious disease. Presently, the disease has spread all over the world like a storm, affecting most of the countries, with the highest number of infected cases in U.S., Italy and Spain. India is also one of the victim countries. Taking into account the rapid spread of disease COVID 19 is the topic of great worry in India due to its high population density. This article describes the epidemics and pandemics since 20th century. But, India was a sufferer of few serious pandemics even before that such as Cholera Pandemic in 5 phases, Bombay Plague Epidemic and VIth Cholera Pandemic in 19thcentury.
Recent Advances in Finishing and Polishing for Restorative Materials - A Review
Authors: Gupta Shweta , Shankar Parinitha Mysore , Kalgeria Sowmya Halassabalu , Shivakumar Ashwini Tumkur
Published: August 2021

The important key to dentistry is to render best dental care to the patients. Science is undergoing great revolutions that are leading us to a new era of dentistry. The development and implementation of any new system relies on comprehensive understanding of the existing systems. A well contoured, finished, and polished restoration results in welfare regarding dental concern in terms of oral health, oral function and aesthetics. These procedures call for an incremental stepwise approach establishing finest scratches to the substrate surface in order to systematically eliminate the deeper or profound scratches from previous grinding. Fortunately, dentistry has been the focal point of a great covenant research in recent years with the desire of ameliorating restoration performances. In this article we put forward the basic foundation regarding the finishing polishing technique, the ideology behind it, objectives and why it is important. The article discusses evidence based information to enlighten the paramount significance of this step in enhancing the properties of a restoration. Here, in this article we majorly review the recent aids or inventions made in the field of finishing and polishing materials with currently published reference articles. The knowledge and impact of new technologies is higher than we expected. It helps us in improvising our methodologies with enlightening places of correlation with research. It helps us improve our work and deliver high quality treatment with less time and more patient satisfaction. The overall point of this article is to give the readers with an improved mindfulness and more extensive information on the standards and apparatuses accessible to create ideal dental restorations. KEY WORDS Abrasives, Dental Restorations, Finishing, Polishing, Recent Advances
A kapcsolatháló-elemzés szervezeti lehetőségei
Authors: Kiss Károly Miklós
Published: August 2021

A szerző dolgozatában a szervezeti kommunikáció hatékonyságának, illetve milyenségének mérési, feltérképezési lehetőségét mutatja be a kapcsolatháló-elemzés segítségével. E módszer alkalmazásával olyan jellemzők feltárására van lehetőség, amelyek a szervezeti kultúra kialakításához, javításához nélkülözhetetlenek.
Endoscopy-Induced Pancreatic Pseudocyst Rupture: A Case of Secondary Peritonitis After Upper Endoscopy
Authors: Robbins Gordon , Kantsevoy Sergey , Raina Amit
Published: August 2021

Pancreatic pseudocysts are often drained endoscopically after 4–6 weeks of maturation. Allowing for developed encapsulation ensures that the cyst walls are strong enough to sustain drainage. However, in 3%–5% of these cases, pseudocysts will rupture spontaneously and put patients at risk of peritonitis. We present the first documented case of pancreatic pseudocyst rupture after upper endoscopy. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed the absence of viscus perforation and highlighted the danger of any procedure that increases intra-abdominal pressure in a patient with a pancreatic pseudocyst. Awareness of this complication should impact our decision when considering endoscopy in patients with pancreatic pseudocysts.
Gender Differences in the Returns to Education over Time for Married Couples
Authors: Brendemuehl Nikki , Jolly Nicholas A.
Published: August 2021

Using US Census data from 1960 to 2000 and American Community Survey data from 2010, this paper analyzes gender differences in the return to education for married couples. Results from this analysis show that the return to schooling has increased over time for both genders; however, the relative return to schooling for females has fallen since the 1990s. In 2010, married women who are under age 35 and are in the top 20 percent of the income distribution had lower returns to schooling compared to men. These results are consistent with several demographic shifts that occurred during the last half of the 20th century.
If U.S. Citizens Pose a Risk to International Health, Can the Federal Government Prevent Them from Traveling Abroad?
Authors: Clark Melissa
Published: August 2021

While states normally controlling public health emergencies, this article discusses the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention regulations to determine whether the federal agency has the authority to stop ill U.S. citizens from traveling abroad in the event of a public health emergency. The article compares state, federal, and international laws. It also provides an in-depth history of federal quarantine and health recommendations and compares that prior history with the current COVID-19 pandemic.
Comparing adolescent self staging of pubertal development with hormone biomarkers
Authors: Yayah Jones Nana-Hawa , Khoury Jane C. , Xu Yingying , Newman Nicholas , Kalkwarf Heidi J. , Braun Joseph M. , Lanphear Bruce , Chen Aimin , Cecil Kim M. , Rose Susan R. , Yolton Kimberly
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Physical examinations to characterize pubertal maturation may be unacceptable for children enrolled in research studies. Studies confirm the utility of pubertal self staging for research, but there has been limited comparison of self examination with hormone biomarkers. Our objective was to assess concordance of pubertal self staging with hormone biomarkers of puberty.

Methods

Participants were enrolled in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment Study, a longitudinal pregnancy and birth cohort study. At age 12 years, 139 females and 112 males completed pubertal self staging including breast and pubic hair development in females and pubic hair development in males. No clinical physical examination was performed. Hormone concentrations were measured in 102 females and 96 males including serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone in all; estradiol in females; and testosterone in males.

Results

Estradiol was significantly associated with female breast stage, even when adjusted for BMI, with geometric least squares means (95%CI) of 13.2 (8.7, 20.2), 38.3 (29.9, 49.1), 59.4 (39.8, 88.6), and 81.2 (45.6, 144) pg/mL for breast stage 1–2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Testosterone was significantly associated with male pubic hair stage, with adjusted geometric least squares means (95%CI) of 37.6 (19.9, 71.1), 43.4 (27.7, 68.3), 126 (78.4, 203), 275 (146, 521), and 559 (237, 1319) ng/dL for pubic hair stage 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively.

Conclusions

Self assessed pubertal development was positively associated with hormonal biomarkers of puberty.
Editorial: ideology and commemoration in the urban space
Authors: Buchstaller Isabelle , Fabiszak Małgorzata
Published: August 2021

In this editorial, we outline the theoretical framework underpinning the contributions to this volume, providing a succinct overview of the development of linguistic landscape research and pointing to the unexplored areas of overlap with its neighbouring disciplines, including critical toponomy, collective memory studies, language planning and policy and critical discourse studies. In doing so, we position the articles in this special issue with respect to current themes in research on the ideological struggles over the semiotic landscape.
Patterns of commemorative street and place renaming in India’s two mega-cities: Mumbai and New Delhi
Authors: Rubdy Rani
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a small-scale case study of commemorative street and place renaming patterns in Mumbai and New Delhi. Three distinct waves of such renamings are identified, driven by dramatic shifts in political and ideological orientation: the first signifies a break with India’s colonial past and the reclaiming of national pride and identity; the second is marked by the rise of the Shiv Sena, a radical right wing political party known for its strident form of identity politics; and the third reflects the resurgence of cultural nationalism and populism since 2014 with the coming to power of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), intent on pursuing its Hindu nationalist agenda – with each wave undeniably transforming the cityscape.
Taxonomic status and phylogenetic position of Oxymycterus juliacae Allen 1900 (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
Authors: Ruelas Dennisse , Pacheco Víctor
Published: August 2021

The phylogenetic position of the “Upper yungas inca hocicudo” Oxymycterus juliacae, one of the lesser-known species of the genus Oxymycterus, is still unresolved. Several authors considered it a subspecies or synonym of Oxymycterus inca, but more recently, it was recognized as a valid species based on morphometric analysis and morphological traits. The objectives of this study were then to substantiate the morphological distinction of O. juliacae and evaluate its phylogenetic position using cytochrome b sequences. We evaluated the morphology of O. juliacae and compared it with congeneric species. In addition, a Cytochrome b gene matrix was subjected to analyses of maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference. Our results support the morphometric and morphological distinction of O. juliacae and found that this species is more closely related to Oxymycterus willkaurco than to O. inca. Therefore, the recognition of O. juliacae as a full species is supported and a rediagnosis is provided. In addition, we found O. inca is more related to other lowland species from Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay, than to central Andean species. More efforts are needed to secure genetic material of Oxymycterus species, mainly the Andean species, for a better understanding of their phylogenetic relationship.
Hemicrania continua secondary to neurogenic paravertebral tumor- a case report
Authors: Kalladka Mythili , Al-azzawi Osamah , Heir Gary M. , Kodapala Suresha , Nainan Mohan Thomas , Khan Junad
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Hemicrania continua (HC) is one of the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TAC), where sympathetic dysfunction and autonomic dysfunction resulting in parasympathetic over activation with some evidence of sympathetic inhibition have been suggested as probable causes. However, cases of hemicrania continua secondary to sympathetic dysfunction due to neurogenic paravertebral tumor impinging on the sympathetic chain has not been previously reported. In this case, the probability of the sympathetic dysfunction was more likely based on the clinical features and management.

Case presentation

A 23-year-old female presented with a chief complaint of right unilateral pain in the retro-bulbar, head and facial region for the past three years. An initial MRI of the brain was negative, whereas an MRI of the spine was advised to rule out a cervicogenic origin of the pain. The MRI revealed a well-defined mass lesion within right paravertebral region at T3 indicative of a neurogenic tumor. The patient was diagnosed with probable hemicrania continua secondary to neurogenic tumor impinging on adjacent sympathetic chain. A trial of indomethacin 75 mg/day was advised, which provided complete relief of the headache. The patient was referred to a neurologist for management of the neurogenic tumor.

Conclusions

Headache disorders may be secondary to pathologies and comprehensive evaluation and accurate diagnosis are essential. Knowledge of neuroanatomy is paramount to understand and explain underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Multidisciplinary management is essential in complex orofacial cases.
Moral Norms, Adaptive Preferences, and Hedonic Psychology
Authors: Masur Jonathan S.
Published: August 2021

In a series of important papers published roughly twenty years ago, Professor Robert Cooter developed a comprehensive economic theory of moral norms. He explained the value of those norms, described the process by which norms are adopted, and offered a set of predictions regarding the circumstances under which an individual will choose to adopt a particular moral norm. This brief Article applies behavioral law and economics and hedonic psychology to expand upon Professor Cooter’s path-breaking theory. In particular, understanding welfare in hedonic terms — rather than preference-satisfaction terms — suggests a multitude of further situations in which individuals will justifiably seek to internalize moral norms. The hedonic approach to welfare then further suggests an enhanced role for the government to play in encouraging the adoption of welfare-enhancing norms. Cooter’s theory, combined with modern understandings of welfare and human behavior, thus offers powerful predictive and prescriptive possibilities.
The Data Privacy Law of Brexit: Theories of Preference Change
Authors: Schwartz Paul M.
Published: August 2021

Upon Brexit, the United Kingdom chose to follow the path of EU data protection and remain tied to the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). It even enacted the GDPR into its domestic law. This Article evaluates five models relating to preference change, demonstrating how they identify different dimensions of Brexit while providing a rich explanation of why a legal system may or may not reject an established transnational legal order. While market forces and a “Brussels Effect” played the most significant role in the decision of the UK government to accept the GDPR, important nonmarket factors were also present in this choice. This Article’s models of preference change are also useful in thinking about the likely extent of the UK’s future divergence from EU data protection.
Does the Law Change Preferences?
Authors: Arlen Jennifer , Kornhauser Lewis A.
Published: August 2021

“I would prefer not”

HERMAN MELVILLE, BARTLEBY THE SCRIVENER: A STORY OF WALL STREET (1853), reprinted in THE PIAZZA TALES 32, 48 (London, Sampson Low, Son & Co. 1856).

Scholars have recently challenged the claim in classical deterrence theory that law influences behavior only through the expected sanction imposed. Some go further and argue that law may also “shape preferences,” changing people’s wants and values. In this Article, we analyze existing claims that criminal and civil law alter preferences and conclude that none suggest that the law shapes preferences. We first clarify this preference-shaping claim by elaborating the structure of rational choice theory generally and “preference” in particular. We then investigate three mechanisms of legal influence suggested by the preference-shaping literature: (1) the “serious harm” mechanism; (2) the “social norm” mechanism; and (3) the “self-improvement” mechanism. We then show that each of these mechanisms operates by changing the agent’s beliefs about the attributes or consequences of her choice options rather than by changing her preferences.
Preferences and Compliance with International Law
Authors: Chilton Adam , Linos Katerina
Published: August 2021

International law lacks many of the standard features of domestic law. There are few legislative or judicial bodies with exclusive authority over particular jurisdictions or subject matters, the subjects regulated by international law typically must affirmatively consent to be bound by it, and supranational authorities with the power to coerce states to comply with international obligations are rare. How can a legal system with these features generate changes in state behavior? For many theories, the ability of international law to inform and change individual preferences provides the answer. When voters care that treaty commitments be kept, or that international norms be honored, the theory goes, leaders are more likely to be able to make choices consistent with international obligations. Over the last decade, a literature has emerged testing these theories using surveys and experiments embedded in surveys. Multiple U.S. studies find that international law and international norm arguments shift public opinion in the direction of greater compliance by 4 to 20 percentage points. However, studies in foreign contexts are more mixed, with some backlash reported in countries in which international law is highly politicized. This Article describes the state of current knowledge about whether international law actually does change preferences, explains the limitations with existing research, and proposes avenues for future study.
Diseño y validación de un instrumento teórico-empírico para evaluar la innovación administrativa en la industria de la construcción en vertical en México
Authors: SANCHEZ LUIS MANUEL CORREA
Published: August 2021

Actualmente, las empresas dedicadas al desarrollo de espacios verticales tratan de encontrar mecanismos para innovar en sus procesos y productos, con el objetivo de satisfacer las demandas del mercado inmobiliario actual. La implementación de la innovación administrativa en las organizaciones se convierte en una estrategia importante para detonar los cambios en las empresas. El objetivo de la presente investigación es diseñar y validar un instrumento que permita evaluar la innovación administrativa en empresas dedicadas al desarrollo de edificaciones en vertical. El método utilizado fue de tipo cuantitativo, no experimental, correlacional-causal, donde se aplicó un instrumento a una muestra representativa de 79 personas de la industria de la construcción en vertical en San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León, México. Los resultados muestran un instrumento con confiablidad satisfactoria y un análisis factorial aceptable, lo que significa que el modelo propuesto explica la innovación administrativa a través de la gestión de la calidad total y el clima organizacional.
Porous Asphalt Modification using Different Types of Additives: A Review
Authors: Shahnewaz S. M. , Masri Khairil Azman , A. Ghani N. A. A.
Published: August 2021

Nowadays porous asphalt pavement increase usage other than the traditional type of asphalt pavement. In that sense porous asphalt specially use in the parking areas and walk ways for pedestrian. There are diverse ways that has been done in order to stick up to permanent degradation such as adding fibers and modifiers like polymers, chemical modifiers, expandars, oxidants and antioxidents, hydrocarbons and antistripping to enhance the fatigue and service life of the pavement. To use these type of additives in porous asphalt pavement some additive increase the mechanical performance of porous asphalt mixture and improve the serviceability of the pavement. Digital image processing use these type of pavement to reduce the air void of the asphalt mixture and increase the physical properties of the porous asphalt pavement. This review paper mainly discuss the overall performance and advantage of porous asphalt using different types of additives.
An Overview of Optical Fibre Sensors for Medical Applications
Authors: Mohamad Mazuina , Manap Hadi
Published: August 2021

Optical techniques developed for sensing purposes proved to be completely realized in many application fields, ranging from aerospace, industry, process control and medical. The capabilities of these sensors are generally enhanced when a bulk optical fibre technology. There is a growing need for a real time and low cost technology because of the expense and time constraints associated with modern laboratory analysis. This us certainly due the growing interest in aptoelectronics, but also the very satisfactory performance and reliability that optical fibre sensor are now able to provide. This paper focuses on the advantages that optical fibre sensos offer to the biomedical field, recalls the basic working principles of sensing and discusses some example.
Virtual Manufacturing concepts reducing the Flow Time in Aircraft Manufacturing
Authors: Jha Sujit Kumar
Published: August 2021

The high cost and long lead times of traditional manufacturing makes it difficult for manufactures to efficiently meet eternally changing market demands. In order to determine the manufacturability of the component and low cost production of aircraft manufacturing, Digital Virtual Manufacturing plays a vital role. By the advancement in technologies like Virtual Manufacturing tools used through Product Lifecycle Management (PLM), are competent to access and reuse the best practices, as well as evaluate 3-D manufacturing scenarios. By implementing advance 3-D CAD systems with the CNC machines enables the success of the determinate assembly approach to significantly reduce the lead time aircraft manufacturing. This paper encompasses the virtual manufacturing concept to enable complex manufacturing set-up analysis, exchanging expertise at collaborative work. Virtual Manufacturing is using the manufacturing knowledge at PLM environment for defining the assembly process of an aircraft parts.
Back Pain and the Observed Factors among Oil Palm Workers
Authors: Sukadarin Ezrin Hani , Md Deros Baba , Mohd Nawi Nur Syazwani , A. Ghani Jaharah , Ismail Ahmad Rasdan , Zakaria Junaidah
Published: August 2021

Direct and indirect costs of treating Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are on the increasee and thus financially alarming. Back pain is one of the prominent diseases among oil palm workers. A cross-sectional study was conducted to identify the prevalence of back pain and the observed ergonomics risk factors. The two techniques used were (1) survey using modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and (2) site observation with recorded working activities. Subjective pain or discomfort on different body regions were used (no pain/ sometimes in pain/ always in pain) to determine the prevalence of MSDs symptoms. More than 100 oil palm workers participated in this study. However, there were only 88 completed survey forms returned. Result shows that the commonest region of complaint was lower back (99%) which consisted of ‘always in pain’ 18% and ‘sometimes in pain’ 81%. This is followed by upper back (85%) which consisted of ‘always in pain’ (8%), and ‘sometimes in pain’ (77%). The complaints of pain were also high at the area of right shoulder (81%) and left shoulder (78%). Awkward posture, excessive force, lifting heavy load are the observable problems that repeatedly occur while workers were performing their work duty. The prevalence of work-related complaint among oil palm workers is high. Due to that, it is important to carry out a systematic ergonomics risk assessment to effectively estimate the ergonomics risk factors that exist in all work processes.
Adsorption and Kinetic studies of dyeingClitoria ternatea L. natural dye onto bamboo yarn
Authors: Khamanur Azma T.M.Z Tengku , Mimi Sakinah A.M , Zularisam A.W
Published: August 2021

In the present study, the bamboo yarn is dyed with a natural dye extracted from Clitoria ternatea L.flower. The effect of adsorption mechanism on the dyeing Clitoria ternatea L. natural dyes onto bamboo yarn were investigated. It has been observed that the adsorption process of time in the range of 10-90 minutes, with maximum adsorption capacity at 60th minutes.Assessment of the effect of time on dye adsorption showed an increase in adsorption capacity with increasing time, with maximum adsorption at 60 minutes. Pseudo-first order, Pseudo-second order, and Intraparticle diffusion equations were employed to investigate adsorption rates. Pseudo-first order model provided the best fit indicating physisorption. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin Radushkevish isotherm models. Langmuir isotherm model agreed well with the experimental data having high regression coefficients for dyeing bamboo yarn with dye concentration at 0.12 g/mL. These findings suggest that the application of natural dye from Clitoria ternatea L.flower onto bamboo yarn which is a new resource of the natural fiber in the industry is a good approach to get the desired dyeing, adsorption, and kinetic property.
Development of 3-Dimensional Model of Femur Bone Considering Cortical and Cancellous Structures
Authors: Mohd Aspar Mohd Amir Shahlan , Abd Razak Nasrul Anuar , Abdul Kadir Mohammed Rafiq , Manap Hadi
Published: August 2021

Femur bone is commonly used for various experimental and computer simulation works in multidiscipline research. Various techniques are applied prior to mimic the actual bone properties. In order to perform any research related to human bone, some issues need to take into account such as cost, ethical concern and limited bone sample availability. Experimental test and computer simulation related to femur bone model commonly executed using hollow cylinder, solid rod or beam elements instead of real anatomy. The aims of present study is to provide 3D femur bone model construction considering both cortical and cancellous structures utilising only one software approach. The constructed model could be utilised for various research purposes such as computer simulation, 3D print of bone model and experimental test. Complete femur bone model which include proximal, shaft and distal condyles is successfully constructed and ready to be used for further investigation. Mimics software was the only software used in present study to performed overall task.
A Journey of Process Safety Management Program for Process Industry
Authors: Abdul Aziz Hanida , Mohd Shariff Azmi
Published: August 2021

The growth of process industries and global economies are dependent on technology advances and innovations. However, the effects of these advancements often lead to more complex processes and comparatively severe operating conditions such as high pressure, temperature and reactive chemical with exotic chemistry. With the rapidly increasing scale and complexity of the process, it is becoming harder to control accidents in process plants. In most of the past situations, it appears that accidents could not be controlled solely by engineering practices and traditional occupational safety but should be immersed with safety management programs specifically Process Safety Management (PSM) to enhance the effectiveness of technical solutions. This paper addressed PSM program as stipulated by OSHA 29 CFR 1910.119. The PSM standard was implemented following a number of disasters, including accidents in Bhopal, India (1984) and Pasadena, Texas (1989). In Malaysia, Control of Industrial Major Accident Hazards (CIMAH) 1996 Regulation which has the requirements attribute to PSM standard also discussed.
Sustainable Bio-methane generation from Petrochemical Wastewater using CSTR
Authors: Siddique Md. Nurul Islam , A. Wahid Zularisham
Published: August 2021

The effect of gradual increase in organic loading rate (0LR) and temperature on biomethanation from petrochemical wastewater treatment was investigated using CSTR. The digester performance measured at hydraulic retention time (HRT) of4 to 2d, and start up procedure of the reactor was monitoredfor 60 days via chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, biogas and methane production. By enhancing the temperature from 30 to 55 “C Thermophilic condition was attained, and pH was adjusted at 7 i 0.5. Supreme COD removal competence was 98i0.5% (r = 0.84) at an 0LR of 7.5 g-COD/Ld and 4d HRT. Biogas and methane yield were logged to an extreme of 0.80 L/g-CODremoved d (r = 0.81), 0.60 L/g-CODremoved d (r = 0.83), and mean methane content of biogas was 65.49%. The full acclimatization was established at 55 C with high COD removal efficiency and biogas production. An 0LR of 7.5 g-COD/L d and HRT of 4 days were apposite forpetrochemical wastewater treatment.