bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Motivation of the imperatives of Islamic law in preventing genocide "
Authors: فياض يوسف فراس
Published: August 2022

" When extrapolating the legal texts in all jurisprudential chapters, we find that they center around the five holistic objectives (preserving: religion, self, honor, mind, and money), and for the sake of which God Almighty legislated His provisions. Meditating on every chapter mentioned in it, we find the axis of preserving the human soul prominent, regardless of religion and race, and the slightest observer of it cannot ignore it, rather we find that it has permeated all rights: physical and psychological, taking into account personal freedom in all of that. Hence, through this research, I wanted to shed light on an important part and a major element in this field, which is the motivation () of these necessities in preserving the human soul; Because as it is known that most of the legal rulings, if not all of them are motives, not rulings. Therefore, we find her address to those responsible between encouragement and intimidation, and the first is more frequent in Sharia, and we found Imam Abu Ismail Al-Harawi (481 AH) pointed to the role of defect in the explanation of rulings that leads to the weakening of the value of the legal ruling, with the consequence of the disappearance of motivation, where he says, may God have mercy on him: (Exalting commands and prohibitions: is that they do not contradict with dry concessions, do not expose themselves to excessive stress, and do not lead to a reason for weakening submission) Manazel Al-Saereen, (p. 81). Understanding and observing them is more important than even the necessities themselves; Because what is the benefit of knowing it and demonstrating it from the Book and the Sunnah of the Prophet without knowing its work, how that work and its effect, and how to employ that influence, and this is what I will explain in these pages from the motive of the necessities to prevent the occurrence of genocide. "
"The negative effects of the wars of genocide on the reality of Kurdish-Arab social relations in Iraq "
Authors: موسى حميدي اسماعيل
Published: August 2022

"Research Summary The research aims to know the negative effects of genocide wars on the reality of Kurdish-Arab social relations The idea of the current research is built on the nature of the negative psychological and social effects that devastating wars leave on their people and what they provoke from sectarian, racist and social strife, especially in a country like Iraq, which is multi-ethnic and multi-ethnic. The current research community is identified by a segment of the Iraqi society that is homogeneous between Kurds and Arabs, and it has been identified in the Kurdistan regions represented by the governorates of Erbil, Sulaymaniyah and Dohuk, and the research sample was randomly selected from the community represented by 200 individuals. The research tool was the questionnaire, and its 20 paragraphs were prepared based on an exploratory questionnaire that included a set of questions related to the research objective. After confirming the validity and stability of the questionnaire, it was applied to the research sample. Statistical treatments were carried out and the items were arranged in descending order according to what was obtained from a weighted mean and a percentage weight. It ranked first with a weighted average of (3.3) and a percentage of (78) for the first rank among the paragraphs. The paragraph (I hate Arab nationalism and I hate every Arab on a weighted average (1) and a percentage weight (41) got the last place, and the research came out with a set of conclusions, most importantly, despite the great disasters that occurred on the residents of the region, but the awareness preceded racism and extremism in opinion The Kurdish society is a peaceful society that loves life for others as it loves it for itself, as it is well aware that the oppressive regime was representing itself only. The researcher also recommended a set of recommendations, including activating the role of civil society organizations and religious institutions to urge social rapprochement and renounce racism through seminars and conferences calling for this, and to include in educational curricula how to enhance community awareness in order to consolidate the principles of peaceful coexistence among the people of the same country, and to show the end of those who with such crimes. He also proposed a set of similar proposals for the current study. "
Economic Genocide in the Anfal Process of the Kurdish People
Authors: Rafaat Star Hawar , Ali Hassan Zrar
Published: August 2022

" The determination of all criminal offenses that have been committed by the regime of Ba’ath, the former Iraqi government, or by other countries against Kurdish people was to discriminate and suppress Kurds’ identity. Eventually, the operation of eliminating Kurdish people started in 1987 and this massive murder reached its peak through Anfal campaign in 1988. This operation was planned and carried out progressively and wasexerted systematically through eight waves around all different areas in Kurdistan; these military procedures became the reason behind the destruction of the Kurdish villages and districts, which was not the only devastation for the Kurdish towns, but actually, the farmers and other workers were mainly the victims. Consequently, this created financial crises and economic destruction; plainly, the lives of people in those places depended completely on agriculture andlivestock farming. Deporting Kurds to other various places was another way for forcing them to settle in camps which was a factor for creating the financial crisis. Because there was no role of their interests. Close reading and investigations are needed to study these cases and issues botheconomically and academically – this is to understand the detailed particularities and their impact on people and Kurdistan at that duration and the forthcoming damages – through concrete facts and data. "
Counseling Psychological and Social support in light of Crises
Authors: Saleh Saeid Asoo
Published: August 2022

"The early detection of crises and knowing the extent of their size and danger to the individual and society, their size, spread and psychological and social effects according to a scientific approach, and dealing with those crises and their effects has become one of the necessities to find solutions to these crises, manage them, and mitigate their effects on the individual and society alike. 3 Our society, like other societies, has been exposed to crises, disasters and campaigns of extermination and Anfal, whether at the hands of dictatorial regimes or terrorist organizations that affected the social aspect and the cohesion of society and left traces in the psyche of those who were exposed to these inhumane campaigns, and given the lack of consideration of the scientific foundations and international experiences in managing crises and disasters, as well as the lack of Benefiting from the lessons of previous crises and disasters, and the weak training in dealing with crises and disasters . Hence, it was necessary to have counseling and therapeutic programs and to provide psychological and social support to them, which unfortunately were not as required, which led many to live with the pain, disorders and psychological pressures that they suffer from for many years, which leaves its effects on the life of the individual and the cohesion of society. The current research seeks to answer the following questions : 1. Crises and disasters represented by wars, genocides and the Anfal that faced Iraqi society 2. The psychological and social effects of disasters and genocides faced by the victims and their families. 3. The role of counseling services in mitigating and addressing the psychological and social effects of victims of disasters and genocide Through a review of the psychological and social effects, a number of recommendations were presented, the most important of which is activating the role of psychological counseling and providing therapeutic and developmental counseling services for individuals who have been exposed to crises and trauma, as 4 well as the need to create staff specialized in counseling and psychological therapy and rehabilitate them scientifically and practically."
Anfal operations in Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: سلمان عيسى صديق , محمد عمر وليد
Published: August 2022

"ABSTRACT Anfal Campaign and Kurdish Genocide The term al-Anfal is the name given to a succession of attacks against the Kurdish population in Iraq during a specific period, the word Anfal has come to represent the entire genocide over decades Hundreds of thousands of men, women and children were executed during a systematic attempt to exterminate the Kurdish population in Iraq in the Anfal operations in the late 198s. Their towns and villages were attacked by chemical weapons, and many women and children were sent to camps where they lived in appalling conditions. Men and boys of 'battle age' were targeted and executed en masse. The campaign takes its name from Suratal-Anfal in the Qur'an. Al Anfal literally means the spoils (of war) and was used to describe the military campaign of extermination and looting commanded by Ali Hassan al-Majid. The Ba'athists misused what the Qur'an says. Anfal in the Qur'an does not refer to genocide, but the word was used as a code name by the former Iraqi regime for the systematic attacks against the Kurdish population.. "
The Yazidi Survivors Between the Tragedy of the Genocide and the Reality of the Camps
Authors: Jasim Muhammad Hamza Rana
Published: August 2022

"The camps are a cumulative assembly that does not constitute a sense of belonging and does not constitute a coherent social body. Therefore, the camps were not prepared to meet the needs, and are not suitable for practicing work except in the most limited limits, almost creating a feeling for those who live in them that they are neglected, and that life in the camps reminds the survivors Every day, with what they have lost, they find themselves in a vicious circle. It is clear that the issue of Yazidi women has become a general humanitarian and social issue on the one hand, and a special issue related to women and the forms of kidnapping, rape and violence they have been subjected .to This study seeks to examine the situation of Yazidi girls and women after their return from kidnapping, and about the reality of the services provided to them by some international and local organizations. Based on the importance of documenting these services provided to women and girls in displacement camps, the study focuses on the service frameworks provided to them, as it is an important step in knowing the size of the gap in the protection services provided to them, and the study contributes to identifying the priorities that must be taken into account when developing plans future to achieve better conditions for Yazidi women survivors of violence. The study shows that women are suffering from multiple forms of violations committed against them, as women have suffered a lot from the effects of the control of (ISIS) gangs from kidnapping, rape and forced marriage, as well as forcing them to convert to the Islamic religion, Women still suffer from an unknown fate, as girls and women today have become widows or orphans in situations devoid of protection and support mechanisms. Most of the survivors, whether residing in the camps or residing outside the camps, lack health services, including psychological and social support. This study aims to identify the social and economic conditions that Yazidi women live in the camps, with the identification of the most important services provided to Yazidi women and their effectiveness in covering their needs. Given the 4 importance of this study, we will rely on the case study method, because it reveals to us closely the real and actual conditions of the .Yazidi women's conditions after their return inside the camps"
Genocide crimes under the second Baath government (1968-2003): causes and consequences
Authors: عبد عون ايمن , احمد صالح سامي
Published: August 2022

The Baathist regime in Iraq was distinguished from other regimes that ruled Iraq through the type and amount of crimes it committed.
The tragedy of death in Sherko Bekas's poems
Authors: Raouf Ali Luqman
Published: August 2022

"Summary The issue of death in the Divan (the cemetery of lamps) Sherko Bekas, an issue that most of his diwan talks about the tragedies of death and oppression of the people of Kurdistan For this reason, we can call this Diwan the Divan of Death, and it is one of the new and unique experiences of Sherko Bekas, which explained in a striking way and the poetic chapters of the Anfal process and its results. In other words, this study shows the poet's point of view as it is and his vision as a Kurdish poet of and tragedies of the mass death of the Kurds, in addition to that, it talks about tragedy and its role in the text, the reasons for the poet's resort to this tragedy, and the reflections and dimensions of the Anfal tragedy in this diwan. In addition, the Kurds (women and children) in this tragedy are the main heroes in these events, and they became kings and pioneers of a heroic and historical story in a way that we touch this kingship and leadership annually several times. However, the most important and strongest are the Kurdish (women and children) championships, meaning collective championships, not because they have specific characteristics that became heroes of this tragedy, but rather the type of oppression and brutal torture had an impact on the poet’s psyche and identification with the mother of women and children, which in turn made them heroes. "
التسامح يف المنظور اإلسالمي وسبل تعزيزه يف المجتمع
Authors: Abud Mahdi Huzaifa
Published: August 2022

التسامح يف المنظور اإلسالمي وسبل تعزيزه يف المجتمع
The effect of marsh draining on biodiversity
Authors: AbdalKhabir Ali Ali , Salah Auda Hajar
Published: August 2022

"The marsh represents a rare natural environment of its kind for a number of reasons. First, the marshes were the cradle of the Sumerian civilization and an environment that embraces a unique biodiversity. Its geography and vast area, which is equivalent to the size of a country like Lebanon, made it a resting place and provided food and reproduction for migratory birds. It is worthy of being included in the World Heritage List as one of the treasures of the world that must be preserved, but unfortunately, the Iraqi marshes have not been subjected throughout history to extensive and systematic drying operations, which reached 95% of their total area, as they were exposed to during the era of the previous dictatorial regime in the nineties of last century, which led to the emergence of a number of environmental problems that collectively led to the disruption of natural ecological balance through the loss of the ability to achieve the environmental balance and causing biological diversity damage . This is as a result of the lack of incoming water resources and the high percentage of salinity and pollution, which caused the death of huge numbers of wildlife and aquatic life, as well as the extinction of large numbers of them, causing a mass migration of the population of those areas to other areas that provide them with a minimum standard of decent living after they lost their main sources of livelihood represented by fishing and raising animals. The paper aims to present a study on the impact of the widespread and systematic drying stages that began after the Iran-Iraq war in the eighties of last century and culminated in the nineties, bringing the percentage of the remaining water from the marshes to 5% in 2002, and the extent of its impact on the destruction of the environment and biodiversity, which includes humans and animals, as well as migratory birds from Siberia to the Indian subcontinent, which lost their habitats and places for laying eggs and breeding. It will also present a number of solutions that will help reduce the environmental degradation that the marshes have been exposed to."
"Contribution to the crime of genocide in light of the statute of the International Criminal Court"
Authors: A. Issa Hussein
Published: August 2022

The crime of genocide within the scope of international crimes is characterized by its extreme gravity. Its severity increases if it is committed in light of its contribution, given the multiplicity of perpetrators and the possibility of causing great harm to the targeted human groups. Accordingly, the International Criminal Court statute specialized in contributing to international crimes, including the crime of genocide, with some of the provisions regulating them, based on which criminal accountability is held for those who contributed to its commission (Article 25). And because the statute of the court provides that the court, in exercising its jurisdiction, applies its statute, corpus delicti, procedural rules and rules of proof for the court, relevant international treaties and principles and norms of international law, as well as the general principles of law that it arises from the national legal systems of the countries of the world (article 21), which raises questions about the legal system adopted by the court in criminal liability for the contribution to the crime of genocide, given the different national legal systems in regulating participation in the crime, especially about the types of accomplices in the crime, and their criminal responsibility. In light of this, the study shows the forms of complicity in crime in various legal systems and studies the Institute of complicity in the crime of genocide in the statute of the International Criminal Court and its judicial decisions, as well as judicial decisions of the Provisional International Criminal Courts in this regard.
Telehealth and Remote Interventions for Children With Cerebral Palsy: Scoping Review
Authors: Pagaki-Skaliora Marina , Morrow Eileen , Theologis Tim
Published: August 2022

Background

Remote treatment, or telehealth, has shown promise for children with cerebral palsy (CP) prior to 2020; however, the beginning of the global COVID-19 pandemic limiting access to hospitals for face-to-face treatments has driven the need for telehealth and led to a surge in its development. Due to the recent developments, there has been limited synthesis of the available evidence of telehealth for children with CP.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze and summarize the existing evidence for telehealth interventions for the treatment of children with CP and identify any areas requiring further research.

Methods

A scoping review was performed. A systematic search of available literature in MEDLINE and PubMed was performed during July 2021. Inclusion criteria for articles were primary research and systematic reviews that investigated telehealth, included children with CP, were published between 2010-2021, and were written in English. Exclusion criteria were secondary research other than systematic reviews; interventions that did not meet the World Health Organization definition of telehealth; or studies where all participants were aged >18 years, children’s results were not reported separately, or there were no results reported for children with CP. A scoping review was chosen due to the expected heterogeneity of the participants, as well as the expected small sample sizes and inconsistency of measured outcomes; therefore, a narrative reporting of the results was considered appropriate.

Results

In all, 5 papers were identified, which included the results of 11 studies—2 of the included articles were systematic reviews, which included the results of 3 studies each. These 6 studies, together with 5 primary research articles, were included in this scoping review. The existing evidence is of low methodological quality, primarily consisting of case series. There is some evidence that the requirements of telehealth differ depending on the children’s developmental stage and functional level. Telehealth is reported to reduce caregiver burden. There is mixed evidence on children’s compliance with telehealth. Overall, the results of telehealth interventions for the treatment of children with CP were positive, indicating either comparable or improved results compared with children receiving usual face-to-face care.

Conclusions

The evidence base is lacking in breadth and methodological quality to provide robust clinical recommendations. Most studies investigated hand function only, indicating the limited scope of existing research. However, this review shows that telehealth has demonstrated potential to improve function for children with CP while making health care services more accessible and reducing caregiver burden. Areas requiring further research include telehealth interventions for the lower limb, postural management, and pain control and the barriers to implementing telehealth.
An Efficient Method for Deidentifying Protected Health Information in Chinese Electronic Health Records: Algorithm Development and Validation
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Yong , Yang Liang , Li Simin , Li Linfeng , Zhao Zehan , Long Shaopei , Wang Fei , Wang Hongqian , Li Ying , Wang Chengliang
Published: August 2022

Background

With the popularization of electronic health records in China, the utilization of digitalized data has great potential for the development of real-world medical research. However, the data usually contains a great deal of protected health information and the direct usage of this data may cause privacy issues. The task of deidentifying protected health information in electronic health records can be regarded as a named entity recognition problem. Existing rule-based, machine learning–based, or deep learning–based methods have been proposed to solve this problem. However, these methods still face the difficulties of insufficient Chinese electronic health record data and the complex features of the Chinese language.

Objective

This paper proposes a method to overcome the difficulties of overfitting and a lack of training data for deep neural networks to enable Chinese protected health information deidentification.

Methods

We propose a new model that merges TinyBERT (bidirectional encoder representations from transformers) as a text feature extraction module and the conditional random field method as a prediction module for deidentifying protected health information in Chinese medical electronic health records. In addition, a hybrid data augmentation method that integrates a sentence generation strategy and a mention-replacement strategy is proposed for overcoming insufficient Chinese electronic health records.

Results

We compare our method with 5 baseline methods that utilize different BERT models as their feature extraction modules. Experimental results on the Chinese electronic health records that we collected demonstrate that our method had better performance (microprecision: 98.7%, microrecall: 99.13%, and micro-F1 score: 98.91%) and higher efficiency (40% faster) than all the BERT-based baseline methods.

Conclusions

Compared to baseline methods, the efficiency advantage of TinyBERT on our proposed augmented data set was kept while the performance improved for the task of Chinese protected health information deidentification.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Older Adults’ Perceptions of Virtual Care: Qualitative Study
Authors: Abdallah Lama , Stolee Paul , Lopez Kimberly J , Whate Alexandra , Boger Jennifer , Tong Catherine
Published: August 2022

Background

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, older adults worldwide have increasingly received health care virtually, and health care organizations and professional bodies have indicated that virtual care is “here to stay.” As older adults are the highest users of the health care system, virtual care implementation can have a significant impact on them and may pose a need for additional support.

Objective

This research aims to understand older adults’ perspectives and experiences of virtual care during the pandemic.

Methods

As part of a larger study on older adults’ technology use during the pandemic, we conducted semistructured interviews with 20 diverse older Canadians (mean age 76.9 years, SD 6.5) at 2 points: summer of 2020 and winter/early spring of 2021. Participants were asked about their technology skills, experiences with virtual appointments, and perspectives on this type of care delivery. Interviews were digitally recorded and transcribed. A combination of team-based and framework analyses was used to interpret the data.

Results

Participants described their experiences with both in-person and virtual care during the pandemic, including issues with accessing care and long gaps between appointments. Overall, participants were generally satisfied with the virtual care they received during the pandemic. Participants described the benefits of virtual care (eg, increased convenience, efficiency, and safety), the limitations of virtual care (eg, need for physical examination and touch, lack of nonverbal communication, difficulties using technology, and systemic barriers in access), and their perspectives on the future of virtual care. Half of our participants preferred a return to in-person care after the COVID-19 pandemic, while the other half preferred a combination of in-person and virtual services. Many participants who preferred to access in-person services were not opposed to virtual care options, as needed; however, they wanted virtual care as an option alongside in-person care. Participants emphasized a need for training and support to be meaningfully implemented to support both older adults and providers in using virtual care.

Conclusions

Overall, our research identified both perceived benefits and perceived limitations of virtual care, and older adult participants emphasized their wish for a hybrid model of virtual care, in which virtual care is viewed as an addendum, not a replacement for in-person care. We recognize the limitations of our sample (small, not representative of all older Canadians, and more likely to use technology); this body of literature would greatly benefit from more research with older adults who do not/cannot use technology to receive care. Findings from this study can be mobilized as part of broader efforts to support older patients and providers engaged in virtual and in-person care, particularly post–COVID-19.
Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Decision and Doubts About Vaccination in Catalonia: Online Cross-sectional Questionnaire (Preprint)
Authors: Huguet-Feixa Agnes , Artigues-Barberà Eva , Sol Joaquim , Godoy Pere , Ortega Bravo Marta ,   MC-MUVA
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Hesitancy to get vaccinated during the COVID-19 pandemic may decrease vaccination coverage and facilitate the occurrence of local or global outbreaks.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Catalonia on 3 aspects: the decision to get vaccinated against COVID-19, changes in opinion about vaccination in general, and the decision to get vaccinated against other diseases.

METHODS

We performed an observational study with the population of Catalonia aged 18 years or over, obtaining information through a self-completed questionnaire in electronic format. Differences between groups were determined using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, or the Student t test.

RESULTS

We analyzed the answers from 1188 respondents, of which 870 were women, 47.0% (558/1187) had sons or daughters under the age of 14 years, and 71.7% (852/1188) had studied at university. Regarding vaccination, 16.3% (193/1187) stated that they had refused a vaccine on some occasion, 76.3% (907/1188) totally agreed with vaccines, 1.9% (23/1188) were indifferent, and 3.5% (41/1188) and 1.2% (14/1188) slightly or totally disagreed with vaccination, respectively. As a result of the pandemic, 90.8% (1069/1177) stated that they would get vaccinated against COVID-19 when they are asked, while 9.2% (108/1177) stated the opposite. A greater intention to get vaccinated was observed among women; people older than 50 years; people without children under 15 years of age; people with beliefs, culture, or family in favor of vaccination; respondents who had not previously rejected other vaccines, were totally in favor of vaccines, or had not increased their doubts about vaccination; and respondents who had not changed their decision about vaccines as a result of the pandemic. Finally, 30.3% (359/1183) reported an increase in their doubts regarding vaccination, and 13.0% (154/1182) stated that they had changed their decision about routinely recommended vaccines as a result of the pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS

The population studied was predominantly in favor of vaccination; however, the percentage of people specifically rejecting vaccination against COVID-19 was high. As a result of the pandemic, we detected an increase in doubts about vaccines. Although the final decision about vaccination did not primarily change, some of the respondents did change their opinion about routine vaccinations. This seed of doubt about vaccines may be worrisome as we aim to maintain high vaccination coverage.
The Usability of a Touchpad Active Video Game Controller for Individuals With Impaired Mobility: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mendonca Christen J , Malone Laurie A , Mohanraj Sangeetha , Thirumalai Mohanraj
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Video games are a popular sedentary activity among people with impaired mobility; however, active video game hardware typically lacks accessibility and customization options for individuals with mobility impairments. A touchpad video game system can elicit moderate physical activity in healthy adults; however, it is unclear if this system is usable by adults with impaired mobility.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to assess the usability of a touchpad video game controller system adapted for adults with impaired mobility. Additional outcomes explored were enjoyment, perceived exertion, self-efficacy, participant feedback, and researcher observations of gameplay.

METHODS

Participants played several video game titles for 20 minutes with a touchpad video game controller as they stood or sat in a chair or their wheelchair. Usability was assessed with the System Usability Scale (SUS) and the Health Information Technology Usability Evaluation Scale (Health-ITUES) surveys after gameplay. After each video game, participants reported enjoyment using a visual analog scale (0 to 100 mm) and a rating of perceived exertion using the OMNI 0 to 10 scale. Self-efficacy was measured before and after gameplay. Participants provided feedback at the end of their session.

RESULTS

In total, 21 adults (6 females and 15 males) with a mean age of 48.8 (SD 13.8) years with various mobility impairments participated in this study. The touchpads received mean usability scores on the SUS 80.1 (SD 18.5) and Health-ITUES 4.23 (SD 0.67).

CONCLUSIONS

The SUS scores reported suggest the touchpad system is “usable”; however, the Health-ITUES scores were slightly below a suggested benchmark. Participants reported moderate to high enjoyment but perceived the exertion as “somewhat easy.” Self-efficacy was moderate to high and did not differ pre- to postgame play. The participants regarded the touchpads as novel, fun, and entertaining. The generalizability of our results is limited due to the heterogenous sample; however, our participants identified several areas of improvement for future iteration.
The Association of Sociodemographic Variables and Unhealthy Behaviors With Limitations in Activities of Daily Living Among Thai Older Adults: Cross-sectional Study and Projected Trends Over the Next 20 Years (Preprint)
Authors: Nontarak Jiraluck , Bundhamcharoen Kanitta , Prasitsiriphon Orawan , Aekplakorn Wichai
Published: August 2022

BACKGROUND

Extended life spans have led to an increase in the number of older people and an increase in the prevalence of disability among people older than 60 years of age.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the association of sociodemographic variables and unhealthy behaviors with limitations in activities of daily living (ADL) among Thai older adults. The study also projects the number of older individuals likely to experience ADL limitations in the next 20 years.

METHODS

We performed sex-specific multinomial logistic regression analysis based on the 5th Thai National Health Examination Survey in 2014 to investigate the association between sociodemographic variables and health behaviors with ADL limitations among Thai older adults. Age- and sex-specific prevalence estimates of ADL limitations were obtained by applying the same models. These estimates were combined with population projections up to 2040 from the Office of the National Economic and Social Development Board, Thailand, to generate projections of older individuals with ADL limitations.

RESULTS

Age and physical activity were significant factors for both sexes, with age positively associated with the level of ADL limitations and low physical activity associated with an increased relative probability of mild or moderate to severe ADL limitations compared to individuals with no ADL limitation (1.2-2.2 times). Other variables such as education, marital status, diabetes, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, and having a fruit- and vegetable-based diet showed significant associations, but the results varied regarding sex and levels of ADL limitations. This study also projected the number of older adults with mild and moderate to severe ADL limitations over the next 20 years from 2020 to 2040, revealing an increase of 3.2 and 3.1 times, respectively, along with a significant increase in men compared to that in women.

CONCLUSIONS

This study identified age and physical activity as significant factors associated with ADL limitations in older adults, while other factors showed varying associations. Over the next 2 decades, projections suggest a significant increase in the number of older adults with ADL limitations, particularly men. Our findings emphasize the importance of interventions to reduce ADL limitations, and health care providers should consider various factors impacting them.
Charismatic Leadership Effects of Teachers in Fostering Graduate Quality of Senior High School
Authors: Widiantari Dian , Bin Samadi Muhammad Iqbal , Karim Abdul
Published: August 2022

Introduction/Main Objectives: The purpose of the study is to explore the effects of charismatic leadership teachers in fostering the quality of graduates. Background Problems: Not all teachers establish a close relationship and have an appeal that can affect the learners in the form of thoughts, feelings and behavior in the form of new characters and have the competencies required for entrenched in daily life. Novelty: The importance of developing a closeness teachers and learners emotionally so that the effect on the formation of character and competence of the learners can be achieved. Research Methods: The method used is literature study by analyzing the various articles related to the focus of the research. Data collection use documentation study with the analysis of the data through the data collection, data reduction, and conclusion making. Finding/Results: The results of the study (1) the effect of charismatic leadership can develop a sense of trust and a strong bond between students and teachers without terms for shaping the character of the new positive to be better, (2) learners with a vengeance because of his loyalty dare to do the formation of behavior and increase the competence for the needs of his life in the present and future, (3) motivate learners to have the ideals that are higher and greater ability to achieve these ideals. Conclusion: Teachers who have integrity, hard work, respect and accountability will be emulated by the students as the effect of charismatic leadership.
Research on the Management Models of Marine Protected Areas beyond National Jurisdiction from the Perspective of Law and Economics
Authors: Hao WU
Published: August 2022

The Agreement on Marine Biological Diversity and Sustainable Use of Seas beyond International Jurisdiction (BBNJ Agreement) is regarded as the third implementation agreement of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Although the revised draft text of the BBNJ agreement was reached, the delegations still have not reached a consensus on the management model of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) beyond national jurisdiction. Based on the analysis of the global model, regional model, and hybrid model proposed by different States, it can be concluded that the existing solutions are difficult to meet the demands of different States. The establishment of marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction concerns the public interests of the international community, and its management should be based on a consensus decision-making mechanism to ensure the general participation of all countries. Law and economics are used to determine what should be adopted in marine protected areas beyond national jurisdiction. Management model under law and economics, on the premise of “not undermining existing agreements”, adopts a global model, taking into account some measures of the regional model, to meet the needs of the international community and the common interests of mankind.
Development and Evaluation of an Inactivated Influenza A(H5N8) Vaccine
Authors: Elsharkawy Khaled A. , El Taweel Ahmed N. , Moatasim Yassmin , El Sayes Mohamed , Sofy Ahmed R. , Mousa Adel A. , Kandeil Ahmed , Ali Mohamed A.
Published: August 2022

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses are circulating in lots of avian species, causing major outbreaks in both wild and domestic poultry. Since its first emergence in 2014, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 viruses widely spread in the world resulting in enormous economic losses. In Egypt, the newly emerging high pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 viruses have been detected in domestic poultry and in wild birds since the 2016/2017 winter season. AI H5N8 is cocirculating with LP H9N2 and HP H5N1 in the Egyptian environment. Poultry vaccination strategy in Egypt is based on commercially available H5 vaccines as an essential control policy, while the majority of commercial avian influenza H5 vaccines utilized in Egypt are not effective against H5N8 viruses. The present study included 3 experimental H5N8 inactivated vaccines based on the 2 major antigenic proteins of the currently circulating strain A/chicken/Egypt/Q16684C/2019 (H5N8), and the internal segments of the A/PR/8/1934 (H1N1) virus. Then, the protective efficacy of the three forms of inactivated vaccines (HAH5N8+7PR8, NAH5N8+7PR8 and HA, NAH5N8+6PR8) were compared regarding the parental PR8 virus in vaccinated specific pathogen free chickens. The NAH5N8+6PR8 as well as HAH5N8+7PR8 and HA vaccines showed the highest protection capacity of challenged SPF chickens and were able to elicit the highest titers of virus-neutralizing antibodies. Thus, a continuous active surveillance strategy is needed to determine the most dominant circulating strain and updating of vaccine seed strains.
Zoonotic Bacteria Harboring in Goat Intestine: A One Health Perspective
Authors: Cheng Cheng , Wang Gonghao , Cheng Darong , Liu Ming , Zhu Shengmin , Chen Xiaofang , Tao Jianping
Published: August 2022

The risk of zoonosis transmission when handling livestock or animal products is substantial, ‘One Health’ interventions should be an effective strategy for the control of many zoonotic bacteria. In this study, 26 fresh fecal samples from 2 clinically healthy goats were collected at different day ages to survey goat-borne zoonotic bacterial infection, and 19 fresh fecal samples from diarrhetic goats were tested to evaluate the possible role of zoonotic pathogens in goat diarrhea. Following all samples were analyzed by Metagenomic Sequencing, a total of 20 kinds of zoonotic bacteria were screened from healthy goats, and 11 (55%) of them were infection mainly during the preweaned period. Of the 19 fresh fecal samples from diarrhetic goats, all were confirmed to be zoonotic bacterial infection positive (range from 11 to 12 species). After comparison with healthy samples of the same or similar day-age goats, it was found that Lactococcus garvieae, Helicobacter pylori, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella sonnei, Shigella boydii, Campylobacter coli, Salmonella enterica, Acinetobacter baumannii, Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae and Clostridium perfringens and Campylobacter fetus were highly increased incases in some diarrheic cases, while the remains had no significant change. The results suggest that goats may act as a reservoir for many zoonotic bacteria, and some of them may be associated with goat intestinal inflammation.
A Role of Black Fungus in COVID-19: A Review
Authors: Shetty Ganaraj , Shetty Ranjith , Shetty Natasha
Published: August 2022

Mucormycosis is a rare type of fungal infection commonly known as zygomycosis, the infection tends to crop up more commonly in individuals with low and weakened immunity level, if left untreated, the mucormycosis can be life-threatening and fatal. Mucormycosis previously known as zygomycosis is a consequential type of infection caused by several mildews known as micromycetes. The revised taxonomical studies revealed that the micromycetes causing the infections are classified as the species of phylum Glomeromycota, class Glomeromycetes, subphylum Mucoromycotina, order Mucorales. The genera of Rhizopus, Mucor, Lichtheimia, Cunninghamella, Rhizomucor, and Apophysomyces, constitute the causative agents of the majority of cases of mucormycosis. The angioinvasive type of disorder caused by mucormycosis is further classified as Mucorales. The patients with Diabetes ketoacidosis and diabetes mellitus are at high-risk factors, followed by the patients with organ transplant, immunocompromised disease, and malignancy. The route of exposure to Mucormycosis may be through the wounded infection that can be pneumonic, or dermal in origin. In the ectodermal form, the fungal organism can invade the skin through open or puncture wounds, or the laceration on the skin. However, the infection has a high mortality rate, the key to successful treatment is early diagnosis, and administration of antifungal drugs, with extensive therapy, followed by surgical debridement of the infection. The morbidity and mortality rate are still at a high number, due to the negligence of the patient to seek medical treatment. Hence the early diagnosis and treatment with antifungal drugs with surgical debridement is a must. The efficacy of oral and venous formulations in the treatment of mucorales is still under debate. Despite the aggressive therapy, the mortality rate is increasing worldwide. The studies have to be conducted to invent the fastest treatment protocol for the treatment of Mucormycosis.
Sosialisasi etika bermedia sosial pada siswa SMK Muhammadiyah Parung, Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Prakoso Fajar Adi , Ramadhan Zulfikar
Published: August 2022

The development of information technology today tends not to be controlled because of situations and conditions requiring conformity with science and technology development. The younger generation needs to be given the education to filter the impact of developing technology, especially the use of social media that contains Negative Content, Hoaxes, and Hate Speech. There are three stages in socializing ethics with social media: the preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. The results of the socialization of students understand material related to social media ethics, harmful content, hoaxes, and hate speech. At the same time, the social media that are often used are dominated by WhatsApp, Instagram, and Facebook.
Pelatihan soft skill sebagai strategi eskalasi promosi UMKM di desa eko–eduwisata Kandri dan Jatirejo, Kecamatan Gunungpati, Kota Semarang
Authors: Gunawan William Ben , Rachmani Monica
Published: August 2022

Jatirejo Village has the potential to become a tourist village because of its attraction as a Kolang-Kaling Processed Village (Kokolaka) and has a River Tubing Topongeli tour. On the other hand, Kandri Village also has tourist attractions such as Kreo Cave and Jatibarang Reservoir. The skill of making promotional media designs and compiling reports on business activities is important in a tourist village. Therefore, Diponegoro University students are interested in holding a service with the title "Strategy for Expanding MSME Market Share in Eko-Eduwisata Jatirejo Village and Gunungpati District Kandri through Strengthening Internal Quality." This activity was held from July – to August 2021 for 45 days. The service was carried out in Kandri Village and Jatirejo Village, which are located in Gunungpati District, Semarang City. The main result of this service activity is training to improve the soft skills of participants in making promotional designs, compiling financial reports, as well as several outputs such as Guidebooks and Typical Product Promotional Poster Designs. Based on the results of the implementationof activities, the partners have received training in making reports and designs based on Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, and Canva. The advice on the sustainability of the program is the empowerment of young people who are more capable of using devices for marketing design such as laptops and cameras. Economic capabilities and activities in Jatirejo and Kandri MSMEs are expected to increase, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic has passed.
The role of intellectual humility in predicting investigative behavioral tendencies in COVID-19 vaccine news
Authors: Fahmi Abu Bakar , Utama Abdul Majid
Published: August 2022

During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the spread of fake news on social media occurred massively. To avoid any negative impacts, people are expected to exhibit investigative behavior towards the news they encounter, including conducting fact checks. Previous research has shown that intellectual humility can influence investigative behavior when exposed to fake news about COVID-19. This study aims to examine intellectual humility’s ability to predict investigative behavior when dealing with news about the COVID-19 vaccine. The study involved 227 students (157 female and 70 male, M = 21, SD = 1.19) as respondents who were selected by convenience sampling. The instruments used in revealing the two variables are the General Intellectual Humility Scale, headlines of news articles about the COVID-19 vaccine, and the scale of investigative behavior tendencies towards news about the COVID-19 vaccine. The results showed that intellectual humility could predict investigative behavior towards fake (B = 0.89; 95% CI [0,62, 1,15], p < 0,001) and fact news headlines (B = 0,87; 95% CI [0,60, 1,15], p < 0,001) about the COVID-19 vaccine. This finding implies that higher intellectual humility in individuals is predicted to increase investigative behavior towards news about the COVID-19 vaccine.