bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid transport protein-5 (FATP5) deficiency enhances hepatocellular carcinoma progression and metastasis by reprogramming cellular energy metabolism and regulating the AMPK-mTOR signaling pathway
Authors: Wang Ming-Da , Wang Nan-Ya , Zhang Hui-Lu , Sun Li-Yang , Xu Qiu-Ran , Liang Lei , Li Chao , Huang Dong-Sheng , Zhu Hong , Yang Tian
Published: November 2021

Aberrant lipid metabolism is an essential feature of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Fatty acid transport protein-5 (FATP5) is highly expressed in the liver and is involved in the fatty acid transport pathway. However, the potential role of FATP5 in the pathogenesis of HCC remains largely unknown. Herein, we showed that FATP5 was downregulated in HCC tissues and even much lower in vascular tumor thrombi. Low expression of FATP5 was correlated with multiple aggressive and invasive clinicopathological characteristics and contributed to tumor metastasis and a poor prognosis in HCC patients. FATP5 inhibited the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and suppressed HCC cell migration and invasion, while silencing FATP5 had the opposite effects. Mechanistically, knockdown of FATP5 promoted cellular glycolytic flux and ATP production, thus suppressing AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and activating its downstream signaling mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to support HCC progression and metastasis. Activation of AMPK using metformin reversed the EMT program and impaired the metastatic capacity of FATP5-depleted HCC cells. Collectively, FATP5 served as a novel suppressor of HCC progression and metastasis partly by regulating the AMPK/mTOR pathway in HCC, and targeting the FATP5-AMPK axis may be a promising therapeutic strategy for personalized HCC treatment.
CSNK2 in cancer: pathophysiology and translational applications
Authors: Strum Scott W. , Gyenis Laszlo , Litchfield David W.
Published: November 2021

Protein kinase CSNK2 (CK2) is a pleiotropic serine/threonine kinase frequently dysregulated in solid and hematologic malignancies. To consolidate a wide range of biological and clinically oriented data from this unique kinase in cancer, this systematic review summarises existing knowledge from in vitro, in vivo and pre-clinical studies on CSNK2 across 24 different human cancer types. CSNK2 mRNA transcripts, protein levels and activity were found to be routinely upregulated in cancer, and commonly identified phosphotargets included AKT, STAT3, RELA, PTEN and TP53. Phenotypically, it frequently influenced evasion of apoptosis, enhancement of proliferation, cell invasion/metastasis and cell cycle control. Clinically, it held prognostic significance across 14 different cancers, and its inhibition in xenograft experiments resulted in a positive treatment response in 12. In conjunction with commentary on preliminary studies of CSNK2 inhibitors in humans, this review harmonises an extensive body of CSNK2 data in cancer and reinforces its emergence as an attractive target for cancer therapy. Continuing to investigate CSNK2 will be crucial to advancing our understanding of CSNK2 biology, and offers the promise of important new discoveries scientifically and clinically.
DACH1 inhibits breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis by down-regulating the transcription of matrix metalloproteinase 9
Authors: Aman Sattout , Li Yanan , Cheng Yunmeng , Yang Yuxi , Lv Linlin , Li Bowen , Xia Kangkai , Li Shujing , Wu Huijian
Published: November 2021

Human Dachshund homolog 1 (DACH1) is usually defined as a tumor suppressor, which plays an influential role in tumor growth and metastasis in a variety of cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanisms in these process are not yet fully clarified. In this study, DACH1 inhibited the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells by decreasing MMP9 expression. Mechanistically, DACH1 represses the transcriptional level of MMP9 by interacting with p65 and c-Jun at the NF-κB and AP-1 binding sites in MMP9 promoter respectively, and the association of DACH1 and p65 promote the recruitment of HDAC1 to the NF-κB binding site in MMP9 promoter, resulting in the reduction of the acetylation level and the transcriptional activity of p65. Accordingly, the level of MMP9 was decreased. In conclusion, we found a new mechanism that DACH1 could inhibit the metastasis of breast cancer cells by inhibiting the expression of MMP9.
EGR1 modulated LncRNA HNF1A-AS1 drives glioblastoma progression via miR-22-3p/ENO1 axis
Authors: Ma Chunchun , Wang Hongliang , Zong Gang , He Jie , Wang Yuyang , Yang Fan , Yang Zhihao , Bian Erbao , Zhao Bing
Published: November 2021

Accumulating evidences revealed that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been participated in cancer malignant progression, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Despite much studies have found the precise biological role in the regulatory mechanisms of GBM, however the molecular mechanisms, particularly upstream mechanisms still need further elucidated. RT-QPCR, cell transfection, western blotting and bioinformatic analysis were executed to detect the expression of EGR1, HNF1A-AS1, miR-22-3p and ENO1 in GBM. Cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, wound healing, migration and invasion assays were performed to detect the malignant characters of GBM cells. The molecular regulation mechanism was confirmed by luciferase reporter assay, ChIP and RIP. Finally, orthotopic mouse models were established to examine the effect of HNF1A-AS1 in vivo. In the current study, we analyzed clinical samples to show that the HNF1A-AS1 expression is upregulated and associated with poor patient survival in GBM. Functional studies revealed that HNF1A-AS1 knockdown markedly inhibits malignant phenotypes of GBM cells, whereas overexpression of HNF1A-AS1 exerts opposite effect. Mechanistically, the transcription factor EGR1 forced the HNF1A-AS1 expression by directly binding the promoter region of HNF1A-AS1. Furthermore, combined bioinformatics analysis with our mechanistic work, using luciferase reporter assays and RIP, we first demonstrated that HNF1A-AS1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) with miR-22-3p to regulate ENO1 expression in GBM cells. HNF1A-AS1 directly binds to miR-22-3p and significantly inhibits miR-22-3p expression, while ENO1 expression was increased. miR-22-3p inhibitor offsets the HNF1A-AS1 silencing induced suppression in malignant behaviors of GBM cells. ENO1 was verified as a direct target of miR-22-3p and its expression levels was negatively with the prognosis in GBM patients. Taken together, our study illuminated the definite mechanism of HNF1A-AS1 in promoting GBM malignancy, and provided a novel therapeutic target for further clinical application.
In vitro and in silico characterization of adiponectin-receptor agonist dipeptides
Authors: Lee Yuna , Nakano Akihiro , Nakamura Saya , Sakai Kenta , Tanaka Mitsuru , Sanematsu Keisuke , Shigemura Noriatsu , Matsui Toshiro
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study is to develop a dipeptide showing an adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) agonistic effect in skeletal muscle L6 myotubes. Based on the structure of the AdipoR1 agonist, AdipoRon, 15 synthetic dipeptides were targeted to promote glucose uptake in L6 myotubes. Tyr-Pro showed a significant increase in glucose uptake among the dipeptides, while other dipeptides, including Pro-Tyr, failed to exert this effect. Tyr-Pro induces glucose transporter 4 (Glut4) expression in the plasma membrane, along with adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. In AdipoR1-knocked down cells, the promotion by Tyr-Pro was ameliorated, indicating that Tyr-Pro may directly interact with AdipoR1 as an agonist, followed by the activation of AMPK/Glut4 translocation in L6 myotubes. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that a Tyr-Pro molecule was stably positioned in the two potential binding pockets (sites 1 and 2) of the seven-transmembrane receptor, AdipoR1, anchored in a virtual 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-phosphatidylcholine membrane. In conclusion, we demonstrated the antidiabetic function of the Tyr-Pro dipeptide as a possible AdipoR1 agonist.
Internet memes related to the COVID-19 pandemic as a potential coping mechanism for anxiety
Authors: Akram Umair , Irvine Kamila , Allen Sarah F. , Stevenson Jodie C. , Ellis Jason G. , Drabble Jennifer
Published: November 2021

This study examined whether significantly anxious individuals differed from non-anxious individuals in their perceptual ratings of internet memes related to the Covid-19 pandemic, whilst considering the mediating role of emotion regulation. Eighty individuals presenting clinically significant anxiety symptoms (indicating ≥ 15 on the GAD-7) and 80 non-anxious controls (indicating ≤ 4) rated the emotional valance, humour, relatability, shareability, and offensiveness of 45 Covid-19 internet memes. A measure of emotion regulation difficulties was also completed. The perception of humour, relatability, and shareability were all greater amongst anxious individuals relative to non-anxious controls. These differences were not mediated by emotion regulation deficits. Internet memes related to the current Covid-19 pandemic may tentatively serve as coping mechanism for individuals experiencing severe symptoms of anxiety.
Relationship between diffraction peak, network topology, and amorphous-forming ability in silicon and silica
Authors: Kohara Shinji , Shiga Motoki , Onodera Yohei , Masai Hirokazu , Hirata Akihiko , Murakami Motohiko , Morishita Tetsuya , Kimura Koji , Hayashi Kouichi
Published: November 2021

The network topology in disordered materials is an important structural descriptor for understanding the nature of disorder that is usually hidden in pairwise correlations. Here, we compare the covalent network topology of liquid and solidified silicon (Si) with that of silica (SiO2) on the basis of the analyses of the ring size and cavity distributions and tetrahedral order. We discover that the ring size distributions in amorphous (a)-Si are narrower and the cavity volume ratio is smaller than those in a-SiO2, which is a signature of poor amorphous-forming ability in a-Si. Moreover, a significant difference is found between the liquid topology of Si and that of SiO2. These topological features, which are reflected in diffraction patterns, explain why silica is an amorphous former, whereas it is impossible to prepare bulk a-Si. We conclude that the tetrahedral corner-sharing network of AX2, in which A is a fourfold cation and X is a twofold anion, as indicated by the first sharp diffraction peak, is an important motif for the amorphous-forming ability that can rule out a-Si as an amorphous former. This concept is consistent with the fact that an elemental material cannot form a bulk amorphous phase using melt quenching technique.
Investigating and correlating photoelectrochemical, photocatalytic, and antimicrobial properties of $$\hbox {TiO}_2$$ nanolayers
Authors: Seiß Volker , Helbig Uta , Lösel Ralf , Eichelbaum Maik
Published: November 2021

Semiconducting transition metal oxides such as $$\hbox {TiO}_2$$

TiO
2

are promising photo(electro)catalysts for solar water splitting and photoreduction of $$\hbox {CO}_2$$

CO
2

as well as for antibacterial, self-, water and air-cleaning coatings and admixtures in paints, building materials, on window glass or medical devices. In photoelectrocatalytic applications $$\hbox {TiO}_2$$

TiO
2

is usually used as photoanode only catalyzing the oxidation reaction. In coatings and admixtures $$\hbox {TiO}_2$$

TiO
2

works as heterogeneous catalyst and has to catalyze a complete redox cycle. While photoelectrochemical charge transport parameters are usually quite well accessible by electrochemical measurements, the quantitative description of photocatalytic properties is more challenging. Here, we present a systematic structural, photoelectrocatalytic, photocatalytic and antimicrobial study to understand if and how photoelectrochemical parameters can be used to predict the photocatalytic activity of $$\hbox {TiO}_2$$

TiO
2

. For this purpose $$\hbox {TiO}_2$$

TiO
2

thin films on flourine-doped tin oxide substrates were prepared and annealed at temperatures between 200 and 600 $$^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$

∘

C

. The film morphologies and thicknesses were studied by GIXRD, FESEM, and EDX. Photoelectrochemical properties were measured by linear sweep voltammetry, photoelectrochemical impedance spectroscopy, chopped light chronoamperometry, and intensity modulated photocurrent/ photovoltage spectroscopy. For comparison, photocatalytic rate constants were determined by methylene blue degradation and Escherichea coli inactivation and correlated with the deduced photoelectrocatalytic parameters. We found that the respective photoactivities of amorphous and crystalline $$\hbox {TiO}_2$$

TiO
2

nanolayers can be best correlated, if the extracted photoelectrochemical parameters such as charge transfer and recombination rates, charge transfer efficiencies and resistances are measured close to the open circuit potential (OCP). Hence, the interfacial charge transport parameters at the OCP can be indeed used as descriptors for predicting and understanding the photocatalytic activity of $$\hbox {TiO}_2$$

TiO
2

coatings.
Identifying early-measured variables associated with APACHE IVa providing incorrect in-hospital mortality predictions for critical care patients
Authors: Feng Shuo , Dubin Joel A.
Published: November 2021

APACHE IVa provides typically useful and accurate predictions on in-hospital mortality and length of stay for patients in critical care. However, there are factors which may preclude APACHE IVa from reaching its ceiling of predictive accuracy. Our primary aim was to determine which variables available within the first 24 h of a patient’s ICU stay may be indicative of the APACHE IVa scoring system making occasional but potentially illuminating errors in predicting in-hospital mortality. We utilized the publicly available multi-institutional ICU database, eICU, available since 2018, to identify a large observational cohort for our investigation. APACHE IVa scores are provided by eICU for each patient’s ICU stay. We used Lasso logistic regression in an aim to build parsimonious final models, using cross-validation to select the penalization parameter, separately for each of our two responses, i.e., errors, of interest, which are APACHE falsely predicting in-hospital death (Type I error), and APACHE falsely predicting in-hospital survival (Type II error). We then assessed the performance of the models with a random holdout validation sample. While the extremeness of the APACHE prediction led to dependable predictions for preventing either type of error, distinct variables were identified as being strongly associated with the two different types of errors occurring. These included a primary set of predictors consisting of mean SpO2 and worst lactate for predicting Type I errors, and worst albumin and mean heart rate for Type II. In addition, a secondary set of predictors including changes recorded in care limitations for the patient’s treatment plan, worst pH, whether cardiac arrest occurred at admission, and whether vasopressor was provided for predicting Type I error; age, whether the patient was ventilated in day 1, mean respiratory rate, worst lactate, worst blood urea nitrogen test, and mean aperiodic vitals for Type II. The two models also differed in their performance metrics in their holdout validation samples, in large part due to the lower prevalence of Type II errors compared to Type I. The eICU database was a good resource for evaluating our objective, and important recommendations are provided, particularly identifying key variables that could lead to APACHE prediction errors when APACHE scores are sufficiently low to predict in-hospital survival.
HLA-G gene editing in tumor cell lines as a novel alternative in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Palma María Belén , Tronik-Le Roux Diana , Amín Guadalupe , Castañeda Sheila , Möbbs Alan M. , Scarafia María Agustina , La Greca Alejandro , Daouya Marina , Poras Isabelle , Inda Ana María , Moro Lucía N. , Carosella Edgardo D. , García Marcela N. , Miriuka Santiago G.
Published: November 2021

Cancer immunotherapies based mainly on the blockade of immune-checkpoint (IC) molecules by anti-IC antibodies offer new alternatives for treatment in oncological diseases. However, a considerable proportion of patients remain unresponsive to them. Hence, the development of novel clinical immunotherapeutic approaches and/or targets are crucial.W In this context, targeting the immune-checkpoint HLA-G/ILT2/ILT4 has caused great interest since it is abnormally expressed in several malignancies generating a tolerogenic microenvironment. Here, we used CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to block the HLA-G expression in two tumor cell lines expressing HLA-G, including a renal cell carcinoma (RCC7) and a choriocarcinoma (JEG-3). Different sgRNA/Cas9 plasmids targeting HLA-G exon 1 and 2 were transfected in both cell lines. Downregulation of HLA-G was reached to different degrees, including complete silencing. Most importantly, HLA-G − cells triggered a higher in vitro response of immune cells with respect to HLA-G + wild type cells. Altogether, we demonstrated for the first time the HLA-G downregulation through gene editing. We propose this approach as a first step to develop novel clinical immunotherapeutic approaches in cancer.
Acute postoperative pain in 23 procedures of gynaecological surgery analysed in a prospective open registry study on risk factors and consequences for the patient
Authors: Jiménez Cruz Jorge , Kather Angela , Nicolaus Kristin , Rengsberger Matthias , Mothes Anke R. , Schleussner Ekkehard , Meissner Winfried , Runnebaum Ingo B.
Published: November 2021

Effective perioperative pain management is essential for optimal patient recovery after surgery and reduces the risk of chronification. However, in clinical practice, perioperative analgesic treatment still needs to be improved and data availability for evidence-based procedure specific analgesic recommendations is insufficient. We aimed to identify procedures related with high pain scores, to evaluate the effect of higher pain intensity on patients and to define patient and intervention related risk factors for increased pain after standard gynaecological and obstetrical surgery. Therefore, we performed a prospective cross-sectional study based on the German registry for quality in postoperative pain (QUIPS). A cohort of 2508 patients receiving surgery between January 2011 and February 2016 in our tertiary referral centre (university departments of gynaecology and obstetrics, respectively) answered a validated pain questionnaire on the first postoperative day. Maximal pain intensity was measured by means of a 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS) and related to procedure, perioperative care as well as patient characteristics. The interventions with the highest reported pain scores were laparoscopic removal of ovarian cysts (NRS of 6.41 ± 2.12) and caesarean section (NRS of 6.98 ± 2.08). Factors associated with higher pain intensity were younger age (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.65–1.99), chronic pain (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.65–2.64) and surgery performed outside the regular day shift (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.09–2.36). Shorter duration of surgery, peridural or local analgesic and preoperative sedation reduced postoperative pain. Patients reporting high pain scores (NRS ≥ 5) showed relevant impairment of daily activities and reduced satisfaction. Caesarean section and minimal invasive procedures were associated with the highest pain scores in the present ranking. Pain management of these procedures has to be reconsidered. Younger age, receiving surgery outside of the regular shifts, chronic pain and the surgical approach itself have a relevant influence on postoperative pain intensity. When reporting pain scores of 5 or more, patients were more likely to have perioperative complications like nausea or vomiting and to be impaired in mobilisation. Registry-based data are useful to identify patients, procedures and critical situations in daily clinical routine, which increase the risk for elevated post-intervention pain. Furthermore, it provides a database for evaluation of new pain management strategies.
Incidence of invasive fungal infection in acute lymphoblastic and acute myelogenous leukemia in the era of antimold prophylaxis
Authors: Oh Sang-Min , Byun Ja Min , Chang Euijin , Kang Chang Kyung , Shin Dong-Yeop , Koh Youngil , Hong Junshik , Kim Taek Soo , Choe Pyoeng Gyun , Park Wan Beom , Kim Nam Joong , Yoon Sung-Soo , Kim Inho , Oh Myoung-don
Published: November 2021

The incidence of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has decreased with the introduction of antimold prophylaxis. Although acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has a lower risk of IFI than does AML, the incidences of IFI in both AML and ALL in the era of antimold prophylaxis should be re-evaluated. We analyzed adults with AML or ALL who had undergone induction, re-induction, or consolidation chemotherapy from January 2017 to December 2019 at Seoul National University Hospital. Their clinical characteristics during each chemotherapy episode were reviewed, and cases with proven or probable diagnoses were regarded as positive for IFI. Of 552 episodes (393 in AML and 159 in ALL), 40 (7.2%) were IFI events. Of the IFI episodes, 8.1% (12/148) and 5.9% (13/220) (P = 0.856) occurred in cases of ALL without antimold prophylaxis and AML with antimold prophylaxis, respectively. After adjusting for clinical factors, a lack of antimold prophylaxis (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.52; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35–9.22; P = 0.010) and a longer duration of neutropenia (per one day, aOR, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.04; P = 0.001) were independently associated with IFI. In conclusion, the incidence of IFI in ALL without antimold prophylaxis was not lower than that in AML. A lack of antimold prophylaxis and prolonged neutropenia were independent risk factors for IFI. Clinicians should be on guard for detecting IFI in patients with ALL, especially those with risk factors.
Partial protective effects of melatonin on developing brain in a rat model of chorioamnionitis
Authors: Favrais Geraldine , Saliba Elie , Savary Léa , Bodard Sylvie , Gulhan Zuhal , Gressens Pierre , Chalon Sylvie
Published: November 2021

Melatonin has shown promising neuroprotective effects due to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, making it a candidate drug for translation to humans in conditions that compromise the developing brain. Our study aimed to explore the impact of prenatal melatonin in an inflammatory/infectious context on GABAergic neurons and on oligodendrocytes (OLs), key cells involved in the encephalopathy of prematurity. An inflammatory/infectious agent (LPS, 300 μg/kg) was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to pregnant Wistar rats at gestational day 19 and 20. Melatonin (5 mg/kg) was injected i.p. following the same schedule. Immunostainings focusing on GABAergic neurons, OL lineage and myelination were performed on pup brain sections. Melatonin succeeded in preventing the LPS-induced decrease of GABAergic neurons within the retrospenial cortex, and sustainably promoted GABAergic neurons within the dentate gyrus in the inflammatory/infectious context. However, melatonin did not effectively prevent the LPS-induced alterations on OLs and myelination. Therefore, we demonstrated that melatonin partially prevented the deleterious effects of LPS according to the cell type. The timing of exposure related to the cell maturation stage is likely to be critical to achieve an efficient action of melatonin. Furthermore, it can be speculated that melatonin exerts a modest protective effect on extremely preterm infant brains.
Time-ordering in Heisenberg’s equation of motion as related to spontaneous radiation
Authors: Strycker Benjamin D.
Published: November 2021

Despite many years of research into Raman phenomena, the problem of how to include both spontaneous and stimulated Raman scattering into a unified set of partial differential equations persists. The issue is solved by formulating the quantum dynamics in the Heisenberg picture with a rigorous accounting for both time- and normal-ordering of the operators. It is shown how this can be done in a simple, straightforward way. Firstly, the technique is applied to a two-level Raman system, and comparison of analytical and numerical results verifies the approach. A connection to a fully time-dependent Langevin operator method is made for the spontaneous initiation of stimulated Raman scattering. Secondly, the technique is demonstrated for the much-studied two-level atom both in vacuum and in a lossy dielectric medium. It is shown to be fully consistent with accepted theories: using the rotating wave approximation, the Einstein A coefficient for the rate of spontaneous emission from a two-level atom can be derived in a manner parallel to the Weisskopf–Wigner approximation. The Lamb frequency shift is also calculated. It is shown throughout that field operators corresponding to spontaneous radiative terms do not commute with atomic/molecular operators. The approach may prove useful in many areas, including modeling the propagation of next-generation high-energy, high-intensity ultrafast laser pulses as well as spontaneous radiative processes in lossy media.
Radiomics-guided deep neural networks stratify lung adenocarcinoma prognosis from CT scans
Authors: Cho Hwan-ho , Lee Ho Yun , Kim Eunjin , Lee Geewon , Kim Jonghoon , Kwon Junmo , Park Hyunjin
Published: November 2021

Deep learning (DL) is a breakthrough technology for medical imaging with high sample size requirements and interpretability issues. Using a pretrained DL model through a radiomics-guided approach, we propose a methodology for stratifying the prognosis of lung adenocarcinomas based on pretreatment CT. Our approach allows us to apply DL with smaller sample size requirements and enhanced interpretability. Baseline radiomics and DL models for the prognosis of lung adenocarcinomas were developed and tested using local (n = 617) cohort. The DL models were further tested in an external validation (n = 70) cohort. The local cohort was divided into training and test cohorts. A radiomics risk score (RRS) was developed using Cox-LASSO. Three pretrained DL networks derived from natural images were used to extract the DL features. The features were further guided using radiomics by retaining those DL features whose correlations with the radiomics features were high and Bonferroni-corrected p-values were low. The retained DL features were subject to a Cox-LASSO when constructing DL risk scores (DRS). The risk groups stratified by the RRS and DRS showed a significant difference in training, testing, and validation cohorts. The DL features were interpreted using existing radiomics features, and the texture features explained the DL features well.
Genome of the estuarine oyster provides insights into climate impact and adaptive plasticity
Authors: Li Ao , Dai He , Guo Ximing , Zhang Ziyan , Zhang Kexin , Wang Chaogang , Wang Xinxing , Wang Wei , Chen Hongju , Li Xumin , Zheng Hongkun , Li Li , Zhang Guofan
Published: November 2021

Understanding the roles of genetic divergence and phenotypic plasticity in adaptation is central to evolutionary biology and important for assessing adaptive potential of species under climate change. Analysis of a chromosome-level assembly and resequencing of individuals across wide latitude distribution in the estuarine oyster (Crassostrea ariakensis) revealed unexpectedly low genomic diversity and population structures shaped by historical glaciation, geological events and oceanographic forces. Strong selection signals were detected in genes responding to temperature and salinity stress, especially of the expanded solute carrier families, highlighting the importance of gene expansion in environmental adaptation. Genes exhibiting high plasticity showed strong selection in upstream regulatory regions that modulate transcription, indicating selection favoring plasticity. Our findings suggest that genomic variation and population structure in marine bivalves are heavily influenced by climate history and physical forces, and gene expansion and selection may enhance phenotypic plasticity that is critical for the adaptation to rapidly changing environments.
Designing a novel visible-light-driven heterostructure Ni–ZnO/S-g-C3N4 photocatalyst for coloured pollutant degradation
Authors: Bahadur Ali , Iqbal Shahid , Alsaab Hashem O. , Awwad Nasser S. , Ibrahium Hala A.
Published: November 2021

Ni-doped ZnO/S-g-C3N4 nanocomposites were formed as a novel heterostructure photocatalyst.
Noble-metal based single-atom catalysts for the water-gas shift reaction
Authors: Chen Yang , Lin Jian , Wang Xiaodong
Published: November 2021

An overview of noble-metal based single-atom catalysts from catalyst compositions to reaction mechanisms for the water–gas shift reaction.
Derivatizing merocyanine dyes to balance their polarity and viscosity sensitivities for protein aggregation detection
Authors: Bai Yulong , Huang Yanan , Wan Wang , Jin Wenhan , Shen Di , Lyu Haochen , Zeng Lianggang , Liu Yu
Published: November 2021

Modulating the structure of merocyanine resulted in different environment-sensitivities and influenced the detection of protein aggregation.
Threading of three rings on two stations: a convergent approach to [4]rotaxane
Authors: Zhou Yidan , Wu Jinyang , Liu Zejiang , Xu Weitao , Liu Menglong , Jia Along , Liu Yuchen , Xiao Xin , Li Xiaowei , Yuan Lihua
Published: November 2021

A novel approach to efficient and selective synthesis of [4]rotaxane with two stations was proposed to demonstrate the superiority of H-bonded azo-macrocycles in forging higher order rotaxanes.
Adhesion behaviour of bulk supramolecular polymers via pillar[5]arene-based molecular recognition
Authors: Lai Jinlei , Huang Shiyu , Wu Shuanggen , Li Fenfang , Dong Shengyi
Published: November 2021

Pillar[5]arene–acid-based supramolecular adhesives with tough adhesion performances on different substrates were obtained.
Bulk band structure of Sb2Te3 determined by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Lund Henriette E. , Volckaert Klara , Majchrzak Paulina , Jones Alfred J. H. , Bianchi Marco , Bremholm Martin , Hofmann Philip
Published: November 2021

Rb atoms were deposited on an Sb2Te3 surface. Based on ARPES measurements performed on Rb-doped as well as clean Sb2Te3 surfaces it was found that the absolute valence band maximum of Sb2Te3 is likely to be found near the bulk Γ point.
Tantalum based single, double, and triple atom catalysts supported on g-C2N monolayer for effective nitrogen reduction reaction: a comparative DFT investigation
Authors: Rasool Anjumun , Anis Insha , Dixit Mudit , Maibam Ashakiran , Hassan Afshana , Krishnamurty Sailaja , Dar Manzoor Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Density functional theory simulations demonstrate that single and triple Ta-atom catalysts anchored to C2N monolayer act as superior catalysts for the nitrogen reduction reaction via alternating and distal pathways.
Near-infrared photothermal performance of a metal–organic framework-based composite
Authors: Sun Jing , Pang Kuan , Liu Tian-Fu , Song Jibin , Cao Rong
Published: November 2021

The construction of heterostructures is a universal method to hinder the radiative recombination of hot electrons and hot holes, which can effectively enhance the photothermal effect of semiconductors.
Formation of thiolate-bridged diiron complexes featuring anionic isocyanide originating from the activation of counterions in the outer sphere
Authors: Xu Sunlin , Yang Dawei , Zhao Jinfeng , Wang Baomin , Qu Jingping
Published: November 2021

Two structurally characterized diiron complexes featuring anionic isocyanotriphenylborate and isocyanopentafluorophosphate were obtained by the C–B or P–F bond activation of counter anions.
Correction: Mixed H2O/H2 plasma-induced redox reactions of thin uranium oxide films under UHV conditions
Authors: El Jamal Ghada , Gouder Thomas , Eloirdi Rachel , Tereshina-Chitrova Evgenia , Horák Lukáš , Jonsson Mats
Published: November 2021

Correction for ‘Mixed H2O/H2 plasma-induced redox reactions of thin uranium oxide films under UHV conditions’ by Ghada El Jamal et al., Dalton Trans., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1dt01020d.
N-Doped graphene supported on N-rGO nanosheets as metal-free oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries
Authors: Song Ruili , Cao Xiaoting , Zhou Xiaoshuang , Yuan Ningyi
Published: November 2021

Metal-free electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are the desired materials for metal–air batteries.
Understanding the unique paradigm in the extraction of tri- and tetravalent actinide/lanthanide ions by a diglycolamide-functionalized dendrimer in RTIL medium
Authors: Bhattacharyya Arunasis , Kanekar Avinash S. , Mohapatra Prasanta K. , Leoncini Andrea , Huskens Jurriaan , Verboom Willem
Published: November 2021

A TREN-G1-DGA dendrimer was evaluated for the extraction of different actinide and Eu3+ ions in C4mim·NTf2 with unusual trends.
Dissipative control of the fluorescence of a 1,3-dipyrenyl calix[4]arene in the cone conformation
Authors: Spatola Emanuele , Rispoli Francesco , Del Giudice Daniele , Cacciapaglia Roberta , Casnati Alessandro , Marchiò Luciano , Baldini Laura , Di Stefano Stefano
Published: November 2021

A fuel driven control of the shape and geometry of the calix[4]arene scaffold allows ON/OFF/ON dissipative fluorescence cycles.
A new 2D layered aluminophosphate |Hada|6[Al6(PO4)8](H2O)11 supported highly uniform Ag nanoparticles for 4-nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Qiu Jiang-Zhen , Wang Long-Fei , Shu Xu-Gang , Li Cui-Jin , Yuan Zhongke , Jiang Jiuxing
Published: November 2021

This work presents a new 2D aluminophosphate (ZHKU-1) with inorganic sheets containing a 4,6,12-net in AAAA-stacked sequence. Moreover, small Ag clusters supported on ZHKU-1 exhibit excellent catalytic performance in 4-nitrophenol reduction.
In situ growth of CuS NPs on 3D porous cellulose macrospheres as recyclable biocatalysts for organic dye degradation
Authors: Sun Zhouquan , Zhong Yi , Xu Hong , Wang Bijia , Zhang Linping , Sui Xiaofeng , Feng Xueling , Mao Zhiping
Published: November 2021

CuS nanoparticles were grown in situ on 3D porous cellulose macrospheres for an excellent rapid cycling removal of organic dyes.
Nanoarchitectonics of p-type BiSbTe with improved figure of merit via introducing PbTe nanoparticles
Authors: Li Yuanyue , Ren Mengna , Sun Zhongsen , Yao Zhao
Published: November 2021

We introduce 0.5 wt% PbTe nanoparticles into the Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 matrix and possess an ultralow lattice thermal conductivity of 0.26 W m−1 K−1 at 429 K and an excellent ZT value of 1.6 at 482 K as well as a high average ZTave of 1.38 at 300–500 K.
Photo-triggered cargo release from liposome chlorin e6-bearing pullulan hybrid nanoparticles via membrane permeabilization
Authors: Kawasaki Riku , Ohdake Reo , Eto Takuro , Yamana Keita , Nakaya Toshimi , Ishida Takenori , Kuroda Akio , Ikeda Atsushi
Published: November 2021

A liposome chlorin e6-bearing pullulan nanogel hybrid was prepared as a light-triggered payload release platform.
Density fluctuations and energy spectra of 3D bacterial suspensions
Authors: Liu Zhengyang , Zeng Wei , Ma Xiaolei , Cheng Xiang
Published: November 2021

This experimental work studies giant number fluctuations and active turbulent flow of dense bulk bacterial suspensions, a prominent example of 3D wet active fluids.
Optothermal pulling, trapping, and assembly of colloids using nanowire plasmons
Authors: Sharma Vandana , Tiwari Sunny , Paul Diptabrata , Sahu Ratimanasee , Chikkadi Vijayakumar , Kumar G. V. Pavan
Published: November 2021

Optothermal pulling of silica beads is observed under excitation of surface plasmon polaritons along a silver nanowire. Multiparticle assembly of colloids can also be formed, which can be controlled by tuning the polarization of the input beam.
Impedance modelling of all-solid-state thin film batteries: influence of the reaction kinetics
Authors: Liu Yao , Yu Wen-Bei , Xu Bai-Xiang
Published: November 2021

Understanding the effect of material properties on the interface impedance is crucial for high energy all-solid-state thin film lithium-ion battery design.
Porphyrin-based metal- and covalent-organic frameworks as heterogeneous nanosized photocatalysts in organic synthesis
Authors: Harvey Pierre D.
Published: November 2021

The porphyrin-containing metal- and covalent-organic frameworks, respectively MOFs and COFs, are quite versatile porous nanomaterials for hetero-photocatalysis.
Cage-incorporation of secondary amine in Ruddlesden–Popper 2D hybrid perovskite with strong photoconductivity and polarization response
Authors: Wang Beibei , Chen Huaixi , Guo Wuqian , Liu Yi , Han Shiguo , Hua Lina , Tang Liwei , Luo Junhua , Sun Zhihua
Published: November 2021

Through the mixed-cation alloying strategy, we have successfully introduced secondary DMA+ cations in perovskite cages to design a new 2D Ruddlesden–Popper hybrid perovskite, showing great potential in photodetection and polarization detection.
Evolution of Telehealth Technology, Evaluations, and Therapy: Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Pediatric Speech-Language Pathology Services
Authors: Campbell Deborah R. , Goldstein Howard
Published: November 2021

Purpose:

Telehealth services experienced exponential growth during the COVID-19 pandemic. This survey examined the resulting evolution in the technology, connectivity, implementation of services, and attitudes of pediatric speech-language pathology clinicians using synchronous videoconferencing.

Method:

The
Telehealth Services: Pediatric Provider Survey
participants were 259 speech-language clinicians in a variety of employment settings from across the country and abroad. Analyses identified telehealth barriers eliminated and those that persisted during the pandemic, advantages, and disadvantages of remote delivery of evaluation and treatment services, the most common telehealth technology used by clinicians and their clients to access care, and clinicians' predictions about the optimization and future of telehealth.

Results:

Elimination of regulatory and insurance hurdles allowed children from varying socioeconomic backgrounds living in rural, suburban, and urban areas access to telehealth. Telehealth technology shifted from computers with external hardware and specialized software to commercially available equipment, such as handheld portable devices with built-in audiovisual components and publicly available videoconferencing platforms. However, connectivity of these devices continued to be problematic, and lack of technology prevented some children from accessing care. Judgments about the appropriateness and effectiveness of evaluations and treatments varied based on the age and communication disorder of a child. Although some participants expressed uncertainty about the effectiveness of telehealth compared with in-person care, telehealth was widely recognized as a viable delivery method.

Conclusions:

Although clinicians reported many advantages of telehealth, some barriers identified reported prior to COVID-19 still persist. Clinicians anticipate that new developments have the potential to continue improving telehealth service delivery, bolstering the viability of telehealth long after the COVID-19 pandemic is gone.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16959361
A sparse optimisation method based on cross‐correlation function for chirp signals
Authors: Wei Shuang , Liu Rui , Xu Peng , Long Yanhua , Yang Chunxia , Ying Jun
Published: November 2021

This letter proposes a novel time delay estimation method based on sparse optimisation of the cross‐correlation function to improve the estimation accuracy of delay parameters of chirp signals in multipath environments. In this method, the time delay estimation model is converted into a correlation‐function based model to estimate the parameter of exponent signals with frequency information, and the covariance matrix of such correlation function is solved by a sparse iteration optimisation algorithm abbreviated as CCF‐SPICE. Experimental simulations show that the proposed delay estimation algorithm has a sharper peak with less power leakage compared with the existing SPICE algorithm. Its performance is better than the SPICE algorithm and conventional MUSIC algorithm, especially under low SNR in multipath environments. The MSE performance of the proposed CCF‐SPICE algorithm is closer to Cramer–Rao bounds.
Formation of giant plasmoids at the pulsar wind termination shock: A possible origin of the inner-ring knots in the Crab Nebula
Authors: Cerutti Benoît , Giacinti Gwenael
Published: November 2021

Context. Nearby pulsar wind nebulae exhibit complex morphological features: jets, torus, arcs, and knots. These structures are well captured and understood in the scope of global magnetohydrodynamic models. However, the origin of knots in the inner radius of the Crab Nebula remains elusive.

Aims. In this work, we investigate the dynamics of the shock front and downstream flow with a special emphasis on the reconnecting equatorial current sheet. We examine whether giant plasmoids produced in the reconnection process could be good candidates for the knots.

Methods. To this end, we perform large semi-global three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations in a spherical geometry. The hierarchical merging plasmoid model is used to extrapolate numerical results to pulsar wind nebula scales.

Results. The shocked material collapses into the midplane, forming and feeding a large-scale, but thin, ring-like current layer. The sheet breaks up into a dynamical chain of merging plasmoids, reminiscent of three-dimensional reconnection. Plasmoids grow to a macroscopic size. The final number of plasmoids predicted is solely governed by the inverse of the dimensionless reconnection rate.

Conclusions. The formation of giant plasmoids is a robust feature of pulsar wind termination shocks. They provide a natural explanation for the inner-ring knots in the Crab Nebula, provided that the nebula is highly magnetized.
TOI-2257 b: A highly eccentric long-period sub-Neptune transiting a nearby M dwarf
Authors: Schanche N. , Pozuelos F. J. , Günther M. N. , Wells R. D. , Burgasser A. J. , Chinchilla P. , Delrez L. , Ducrot E. , Garcia L. J. , Gómez Maqueo Chew Y. , Jofré E. , Rackham B. V. , Sebastian D. , Stassun K. G. , Stern D. , Timmermans M. , Barkaoui K. , Belinski A. , Benkhaldoun Z. , Benz W. , Bieryla A. , Bouchy F. , Burdanov A. , Charbonneau D. , Christiansen J. L. , Collins K. A. , Demory B.-O. , Dévora-Pajares M. , de Wit J. , Dragomir D. , Dransfield G. , Furlan E. , Ghachoui M. , Gillon M. , Gnilka C. , Gómez-Muñoz M. A. , Guerrero N. , Harris M. , Heng K. , Henze C. E. , Hesse K. , Howell S. B. , Jehin E. , Jenkins J. , Jensen E. L. N. , Kunimoto M. , Latham D. W. , Lester K. , McLeod K. K. , Mireles I. , Murray C. A. , Niraula P. , Pedersen P. P. , Queloz D. , Quintana E. V. , Ricker G. , Rudat A. , Sabin L. , Safonov B. , Schroffenegger U. , Scott N. , Seager S. , Strakhov I. , Triaud A. H. M. J. , Vanderspek R. , Vezie M. , Winn J.
Published: November 2021

Context. Thanks to the relative ease of finding and characterizing small planets around M-dwarf stars, these objects have become cornerstones in the field of exoplanet studies. The current paucity of planets in long-period orbits around M dwarfs makes such objects particularly compelling as they provide clues about the formation and evolution of these systems.

Aims. In this study we present the discovery of TOI-2257 b (TIC 198485881), a long-period (35 d) sub-Neptune orbiting an M3 star at 57.8 pc. Its transit depth is about 0.4%, large enough to be detected with medium-size, ground-based telescopes. The long transit duration suggests the planet is in a highly eccentric orbit (e ~ 0.5), which would make it the most eccentric planet known to be transiting an M-dwarf star.

Methods. We combined TESS and ground-based data obtained with the 1.0-meter SAINT-EX, 0.60-meter TRAPPIST-North, and 1.2-meter FLWO telescopes to find a planetary size of 2.2 R⊕ and an orbital period of 35.19 days. In addition, we make use of archival data, high-resolution imaging, and vetting packages to support our planetary interpretation.

Results. With its long period and high eccentricity, TOI-2257 b falls into a novel slice of parameter space. Despite the planet’s low equilibrium temperature (~256 K), its host star’s small size (R* = 0.311 ± 0.015) and relative infrared brightness (Kmag = 10.7) make it a suitable candidate for atmospheric exploration via transmission spectroscopy.
Effects of the combined use of a scissor-type knife and traction clip on endoscopic submucosal dissection of colorectal tumors: a propensity score-matched analysis
Authors: Inoue Ken , Yoshida Naohisa , Dohi Osamu , Sugino Satoshi , Matsumura Shinya , Kitae Hiroaki , Yasuda Ritsu , Nakano Takahiro , Terasaki Kei , Hirose Ryohei , Naito Yuji , Murakami Takaaki , Inada Yutaka , Ogiso Kiyoshi , Morinaga Yukiko , Kishimoto Mitsuo , Yoshito Itoh
Published: November 2021

Background and study aims This study evaluated the technical aspects of colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) with the Clutch Cutter (CC) (Fujifilm Co., Tokyo, Japan), a scissor-type knife, and the S-O clip (SO) as a traction clip, and compared the safety and efficacy to ESD using a needle-type knife.

Patients and methods This was a single-center retrospective study. In Study 1, we evaluated 125 ESD patients: 60 using the SO and CC (SO group) and 65 using the CC (CC group). In Study 2, we evaluated 185 ESD patients: the CC group (N = 65) and 120 using the Flush knife BT-S (Flush group) (Fujifilm Co., Tokyo, Japan). In both studies, the clinicopathological features and therapeutic outcomes were compared using a propensity score-matched analysis.

Results In 36 pairs of matched patients in Study 1, the rates of en bloc resection, R0 resection, perforation, and postoperative bleeding (POB) were 97.2 %, 88.9 %, 2.8 %, and 0 %, respectively, for the SO group and 100 %, 91.7 %, 0 %, and 0 % for the CC group (not significant). The mean procedure time for the SO group among less-experienced endoscopists was significantly shorter than in the CC group (42 vs. 65 minutes, P = 0.036). In 49 pairs of matched patients in Study 2, the rates of en bloc resection, R0 resection, perforation, and POB were 100 %, 95.8 %, 0 %, and 0 %, respectively, for the CC group and 98.0 %, 95.8 %, 0 %, and 2.0 % for the Flush group (not significant). The mean procedure time in the CC group among less-experienced endoscopists was significantly shorter than in the Flush group (52 vs. 67 minutes, P = 0.038).

Conclusions CC and the combined use of CC and SO reduced colorectal ESD procedure time among less-experienced endoscopists.
Serum Levels of Interleukin-36 Alpha and Interleukin-36 Receptor
Antagonist In Behcet’s Syndrome
Authors: Ünsal Pelin , Çerçi Pamir , Açıkgöz Şükrü Alper , Keskin Göksal , Ölmez Ümit
Published: November 2021

Background Behcet’s syndrome (BS) is a systemic vasculitic
disorder. This study aimed to investigate the levels of serum IL-36α and
IL-36Ra in patients with BS.

Material and Methods A total of 80 subjects (60 BS patients and 20 healthy
controls [HC]) were included.

Results The median IL-36α level was 0.11 ng/ml in
the BS group and 0.09 ng/ml in the HC group (p=0.058).
The mean IL-36Ra level was 13.62 pg/ml in the BS group and
13.26 pg/ml in the HC group (p=0.348). Serum IL-36Ra
levels of the active group were significantly higher (p=0.037). Patients
with oral ulcers and central nervous system involvement had higher serum IL36Ra
levels. In the BS group, a positive correlation was found between serum IL-36Ra
and CRP. In a multivariate analysis, the IL-36Ra level (OR=1.067;
95% CI=1.001–1.137; p=0.045) was independently
associated with disease activity.

Conclusion According to these findings, it is not clear whether such a
slight difference is clinically significant, but they suggest that the IL-36
cytokine family may play a role in the course of the disease.