bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ABD-ÇİN İLİŞKİLERİNE DAİR TEORİK BİR ANALİZ
Authors: CİNGÖZ Murat
Published: November 2023

Bu çalışmada, özellikle Çin’in yükselişi göz önüne alarak, Çin ile Amerika Birleşik Devletleri arasındaki ilişkilerin gelişimine dair teorik açıklamalar irdelenmiştir. Teorik açıklamaların sunmuş olduğu perspektiften yola çıkarak bu iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilerin hem bugününe hem de yarınına ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada uluslararası ilişkiler teorilerinin bu iki devlet arasındaki ilişkileri, hangi yaklaşım ve doneler üzerinden yorumladığı, teorilerin tutarlı olduğu ya da eksik kaldığı noktaların neler olduğu ve hangi yaklaşımın daha açıklayıcı bir düzlem sunduğu gibi sorulara cevaplar aranmıştır. Bu anlamda öncelikle geleneksel teoriler olan realizm ve liberalizmin Amerika Birleşik Devletleri ile Çin arasındaki ilişkilere yönelik yaklaşımlarına bakılmış ardından sosyal inşacı yaklaşım çerçevesinde Amerika Birleşik Devletleri-Çin ilişkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Bu minvalde, realist öngörünün güvensizlik ve sıfır toplamlı oyun temelli bakış açısının ve liberal öngörünün iş birliği temelli iyimser bakış açısının, bazı önemli noktalara dikkat çekmekle birlikte, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri-Çin ilişkilerini analiz etmede eksik olduğu ileri sürülmüştür. Sosyal inşacı yaklaşımın ise düşünsel unsurları dahil ederek, Amerika Birleşik Devletleri-Çin ilişkilerinin analizinde daha kapsayıcı ve doğru bir bakış açısı sunduğu belirtilmiştir. Bu minvalde iki ülke arasındaki ilişkilerin küresel düzen kurma, ideolojik üstünlük sağlama ve sosyal kimliklerini teyit etme gibi düşünsel unsurlar üzerinden şekillendiği belirtilmiştir. Çalışmada yöntemsel olarak ise belge ve söylem analizinden yararlanılmış; teoriler karşılaştırmalı olarak irdelenmiş, nicel ve nicel yöntemler kullanılmıştır.
O PROCESSO DE INCLUSÃO DE CRIANÇAS COM AUTISMO NO ENSINO REGULAR
Authors: Cristina Elza
Published: November 2023

O processo de inclusão com deficiência, na rede regular de ensino público ou privado, ainda perpassa por diferentes desafios em nossa sociedade. E vai desde a recusa da matrícula nas escolas até as queixas de professores que não se sentem preparados para trabalhar com esse público acreditando que é necessário ter formação de especialista, enfim, tentam resistir ao acolhimento dos que antes ficavam segregados do ensino regular, tendo lugar apenas na educação especial. Essa resistência dos professores não pode ser maior que a legislação brasileira “que garante a matrícula de todo aluno no ensino regular; assim, a inclusão acontece e é motivo de grande angústia por parte de todos que trabalham nas escolas. Existem diferentes estratégias para trabalhar essa resistência, uma delas é realizar uma discussão teórica sobre a construção histórico- social, para um entendimento sobre os desafios que teve que enfrentar para chegar ao Paradigma da Inclusão, entendendo que a “inclusão não é criação de um grupo de pessoas com intenções “politiqueiras”, e sim fruto da luta de uma minoria que acredita e defende os direitos de todas as pessoas, mesmo que possuam alguma deficiência.
Carbon Footprint Calculator for Food Waste to Support Behaviour Change
Authors: Nurul Fatihah Mohamed Yusof  , Romiza Md Nor
Published: November 2023

Carbon emission is carbon gas that is released every time food is produced. Food waste is food that completes the food supply chain until the final product and suitable for human consumption but discarded regardless of whether it is rotten or expired. Wasting food means that greenhouse gas emissions that is released during food production are being wasted. Bakery is the biggest contributor in the food industry that contributes to food waste. Therefore, this project developed a carbon footprint calculator for bakery to effectively monitor carbon released from food waste. User interface design for the web application using persuasive techniques which are reduction, suggestion, conditioning, self-monitoring, and surveillance. The effectiveness of the system is decided by evaluation that consists of monitoring their carbon footprint and behaviour change that is conducted to three bakery owners for three weeks. Two phases of testing were conducted that involved pre-evaluation and post-evaluation. As a conclusion, web-based carbon footprint calculators with persuasive technology techniques manage to motivate bakery owners to change their behaviour in reducing food waste.
Resonance of Traditions: Ancient Bhartiya Communication in a Contemporary Context
Authors: Kumar Prashant , Yadav Beenum
Published: November 2023

India is one of the oldest and most diverse civilizations in the world. It has a rich and varied history of communication, spanning from prehistoric times to the modern era. Ancient India was a diverse and complex society that developed various forms of communication over time. India has witnessed the development and evolution of various forms of communication, such as symbols, languages, scripts, literature, art, media, and technology. India has also contributed to the global communication system through its inventions, innovations, and influences. Ancient Indians used different languages, scripts, symbols, gestures, arts, and technologies to communicate with each other and with other cultures. Some of the main aspects of ancient Indian communication
Living with Water: Bringing Back Human-Water Relationships
Authors: Hein Carola , Donkor Carlien , D’Agostino Matteo , Lin Queenie , Sliwinska Zuzanna , Korpacka Julia
Published: November 2023

In March 2023, thousands of people from various disciplines came together in New York for the United Nations 2023 Water Conference. The attendees included policymakers, activists, professionals and academics, all with an interest in the water sector. The conference provided a platform to share knowledge and exchange ideas about water-related challenges. Through a combination of in-house and side events, participants were provided with the opportunity to voice their concerns, engage in crucial discussions and exchange novel insights, despite the predominantly scripted nature of the event as a forum tailored for politicians and policymakers. The Water Conference identified risks ensuing from the number of short-term commitments, unclear funding and the lack of quantifiable measurements (President of the General Assembly 2023). The Water Conference also saw the adoption of the Water Action Agenda (United Nations 2023), consisting of voluntary commitments in line with UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and focusing on water. Crafting these commitments posed a challenge, highlighting the complex nature of the United Nations’efforts in fostering collaboration among people representing diverse backgrounds, interests, cultures and histories.
Late Period Squatting Statue of Ankhpakhered (JE 38588)
Authors: Refaat Mohammed , El-Sayed Mohammed
Published: November 2023

The current study aims to fully publish a squatting statue of the Prophet of Osiris Ankhpakhered (Cairo Museum JE 38588), dating to the Late Period—specifically to the transition period between the end of the 25th Dynasty and the beginning of the 26th. This study includes the description, facsimile, transliteration, and translation of the texts on the statue, and analyzes the various thoughts represented through both the texts and vignettes depicted with discussions and orthographic comments.
Front Matter
Authors: Editors
Published: November 2023

Table of Contents
In Memoriam Jaromir Malek
Authors: Navratilova Hana
Published: November 2023

Obituary for Jaromir Malek
In Memoriam David Bourke O’Connor
Authors: Baines John , Lacovara Peter , Richards Janet
Published: November 2023

Obituary for David Bourke O’Connor
Review of Pygmäen in Ägypten? Die Widerlegung eines alten Irrtums. Bevölkerte Nillandschaften in der antiken Kunst
Authors: Bianchi Robert Steven
Published: November 2023

Volker Michael Strocka, Pygmäen in Ägypten? Die Widerlegung eines alten Irrtums. Bevölkerte Nillandschaften in derantiken Kunst.
Review of Bounded Knowledge: Doctoral Studies in Egypt
Authors: Enany Abir , Omar Radwa
Published: November 2023

Daniele Cantini, (ed.). Bounded Knowledge: Doctoral Studies in Egypt.
Review of The Sacred Landscape of Dra Abu el-Naga during the New Kingdom: People Making Landscape Making People
Authors: Taterka Filip
Published: November 2023

Ángeles Jiménez-Higueras, The Sacred Landscape of Dra Abu el-Naga during the New Kingdom: People MakingLandscape Making People.
Review of Altägyptische Amulette und ihre Handhabung
Authors: Weiss Lara
Published: November 2023

Joachim Friedrich Quack, Altägyptische Amulette und ihre Handhabung.
DESIGN A FASHION BUSINESS THAT FOCUSES ON BIG SIZE
Authors: Rahayu Cucuk Suratningsih , Rafik Abdur
Published: November 2023

Pendirian bisnis fashion ini dilatarbelangi oleh keresahan pribadi penulis dan orang-orang disekelilingnya yang berukuran cukup besar dalam mencari pakaian muslimah yang mengikuti perkembangan zaman namun tidak kehilangan nilai-nilai islaminya. Pengembangan usaha dari bisnis ini akan mencakup rencana pemasaran, operasional, keuangan, dan pengelolaan sumber daya manusia. Rencana pemasaran meliputi promosi menggunakan media sosial. Rencana operasional meliputi pembuatan ide desain produk, pemilihan bahan baku, dan pendistribusian kepada konsumen. Rencana keuangan yang akan dilakukan adalah pengelolaan dana. Beberapa masalah yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan bisnis ini diantaranya implementasi bisnis yang tidak sesuai dengan estimasi waktu yang diagendakan, belum ditemukannya strategi marketing yang paling sesuai, serta keterbatasan modal yang ada
Deploying Nagios for Service Monitoring and Reporting
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Computer Science and Engineering, Mahendra College of Engineering, Salem, Tamilnadu, India., B Riyaz , K Vijay
Published: November 2023

NAGIOS is Server Monitoring tool as an important criteria coming to a data center operation and service .Detects all type of network errors or server issues and allowed to monitor the server performance issues by using Nagios. This can be manually and physically monitoring the location of the server and mapping the network interface and network bridge server will be monitor. Count every 10 minutes once the application will be running properly or else store application related bugs in data center. Large organizations always require fast and efficient network monitoring system which reports to the network administrator as soon as a network problem arises. This paper presents an effective and automatic network monitoring system that continuously monitor all the network switches and inform the administrator by E-MAIL or SMS when any of the network switch goes down. An efficient and automatic network monitoring is always required for large organizations like universities, companies and other business sectors where the manual network monitoring is very difficult. Since large organizations have a big network topology, the manual network monitoring causes waste of time to point out problem location.
Influential Factors in Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Prevalence Among Sexually Active Women at Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda
Authors:   Department of Medicine and Surgery, Kampala International University, Uganda, Suzan Namutebi
Published: November 2023

PID is a significant public health issue among sexually active women, with silent PID being a major diagnostic and treatment challenge. A 2008 study estimated an average direct medical cost of $3,202 per case of PID. A quantitative, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted to assess the factors influencing the prevalence of PID among sexually active women attending OBS/GYN clinics at KIU-TH. The study found that 45.6% of sexually active women at KIU-TH had PID, with 80.6% having their first intercourse at 18 years of age, 19.4% starting between 15-18 years, and 90.6% preferring pills or withdrawal for contraception. 51.9% attended government healthcare, while 56.2% used government facilities. Most PID patients reached within one hour or less than 30 minutes. Only 38.7% could meet their bills without insurance. Most patients agreed that health sensitization is essential, and 96.9% received counseling and professional advice. 62.5% of PID affected women were under 35 years old, 35.5% were unemployed, and 59.3% earned ≤50,000/= and had secondary education. The prevalence of PID among sexually active women at KIUTH is 45.6%. Keywords: prevalence, pelvic inflammatory disease, sexually active women
Closing 2022 at The Comics Grid: Journal of Comics Scholarship
Authors: Priego Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Like every year I drafted an end-of-year newsletter round-up for The Comics Grid this year.
Mechanical Comics #4
Authors: Priego Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Fourth comic in an experimental series, reusing public domain images from the British Library.
Haunted by Juan Rulfo: On Books as Inheritance and Sites for Remembrance
Authors: Priego Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Where I write, being día de muertos, about my copies of Rulfo’s El llano en llamas and Pedro Páramo.
Mechanical Comics #16
Authors: Priego Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Sixteenth comic in an experimental series, reusing public domain images from the British Library.
Mechanical Comics #14
Authors: Priego Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Fourteenth comic in an experimental series, reusing public domain images from the British Library.
Publication: “Webcomics Archive? Now I’m Interested”: Comics Readers Seeking Information in Web Archives
Authors: Priego Ernesto
Published: November 2023

A new publication with Linda Berube, Stephann Makri, Ian Cooke and Stella Wisdom.
Working in the Dark: Not Tracking Positive Covid Cases Is Reckless
Authors: Priego Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Who wants Long Covid?
Deposited: ‘“My Heart Goes Boom Boom!”: Understanding the Experience of Reading Digital Comics’
Authors: Priego Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Paper now available open access via City Research Online.
Creative responses to the Covid-19 pandemic – my article for The British Library’s Covid Stories
Authors: Priego Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Where I look at some of the creative ways people responded to and processed the impact of the pandemic on their lives.
Web/Comics: 1st International Workshop on Webcomics and/as Hypertext, 4 September, Biblioteca Hertziana, Rome – Program
Authors: Priego Ernesto
Published: November 2023

The workshop will be held in person in conjunction with the Hypertext 2023 conference. I share the programe here.
Mechanical Comics #6
Authors: Priego Ernesto
Published: November 2023

Sixth comic in an experimental series, reusing public domain images from the British Library.
Some Notes on Editing a Scholarly Journal
Authors: Priego Ernesto
Published: November 2023

I had forgotten I had handwritten these notes in one of my notebooks and I thought I’d type them up and share them here.
Strategic investment of embodied energy during the architectural planning process
Authors: Hildebrand Linda
Published: November 2023

Background and motivation

Building industry impacts natural cycles and has potential for optimization. While impairment on nature reached a new dimension already some three centuries ago the building industry started to realize the dependency in the second half of the 20th century. With LCA method all life cycle phases can be monitored and the environmental impact of each can be quantified. The energy consuming and emission generating components in the building context can be distinguished in the groups transport, operation and material. An architect deals with the operational energy and the building substance. With nearly zero (not renewable) energy for operation an ecological building is defined by the building substance.

Evaluation of the building substance

While the building structure accounts for the highest share of embodied energy and GWP, the facade offers high potential for optimisation. This potential is even higher when considering a long (50-100 years) usage life span; the building structure remains while the (non load-bearing) facade is object to exchange cycles.

Findings and their integration into the architectural planning process

The city is a depot for resources and we (it involves a variety of professions) need to learn how to organize it. Modularity, light construction, the use of renewable materials and mono materials are also interesting fields which are looked at from a different point of view. They are relevant for all building elements. Although they are not initially invented to reduce the ecological impact of the built environment, they show potential to do so. The facade is the essential parameter for the resource-efficiency of a building as it is exchanged and binds relevant amounts of material. Impact can be made within this element due to its high variation in construction and materialization. The material cycles need to become smaller and the gaps – landfill or downcycling need to be closed. The use of resources will increasingly develop impact on architecture and by that resource efficiency is a successor of energy efficiency.
Thermal Comfort in Sun Spaces: To what extend can energy collectors and seasonal energy storages provide thermal comfort in sun space?
Authors: Wiegel Christian
Published: November 2023

Preparation for fossil fuel substitution in the building sector persists as an essential subject in architectural engineering. Since the building sector still remains as one of the three major global end energy consumer – climate change is closely related to construction and design.

We have developed the archetype sun space to what it is today : a simple but effective predominant naturally ventilated sun trap and as well as living space enlargement. With the invention of industrial glass orangery’s more and more changed from frost protecting envelopes to living spaces from which we meantime expect thermal comfort in high quality.

But what level of thermal comfort provide sun spaces? And to what extend may sun spaces manage autarkic operation profiting from passive solar gains and, beyond that, surplus energy generation for energy neutral conditioning of aligned spaces? We deliver detailed information for this detected gap of knowledge.

We know about limited thermal comfort in sun spaces winter times.

This reasons the inspection of manifold collector technologies, which enable to be embedded in facades and specifically in sun space envelopes. Nonetheless, effective façade integrated collectors are ineffective in seasons with poor irradiation. Hence, the mismatch of offer and demand we have experienced with renewable energies ignites thinking about appropriate seasonal energy storages, which enlarges the research scope of this work. This PhD thesis project investigates on both, a yearly empirical test set up analysis and a virtual simulation of different oriented and located sun spaces abroad Germany. Both empirical and theoretical evaluation result in a holistic research focusing on a preferred occupation time in terms of cumulative frequencies of operational temperature and decided local discomfort, of potential autarkic sun space operation and prospective surplus exergy for alternative heating of aligned buildings. The results are mapped geographically for Germany.

Fossil fuel substitution, as far as this thesis elaborated, is closely related to quality of thermal comfort, sun space orientation and energetic standard of the aligned building. Unexpectedly, spaces, which define envelopes incorporating collectors in combination with storage technologies both profit and suffer to some extend in respect to thermal comfort.

Essentially, we can conclude, that the more area-wise efficient and the more integral the collector technology is incorporated into façade design, the more distinct significance of thermal comfort quality and fossil fuel substitution is.

Eventually, this dissertation determines the potential of a new generation of sun spaces in the context of energy transition.
Sustainable Academia: Translating the Vision of a Full Sustainable University into a Measurable Reality
Authors: Maragakis Antonios
Published: November 2023

There is a growing public expectation that universities should start focusing on delivering sustainability. The topic of sustainability in higher education has gathered a significant amount of interest from students, academics, governments and international organizations.

With a plethora of declarations, initiatives, marketing and assessments, there is a need to assess what the stakeholders want in order to make decisions regarding an institutions sustainability. Ultimately, students are the ones using these sustainability marketing materials to assist in their decision at which institution they will pursue their studies. The sheer volume of interpretations of the word sustainability with regards to higher education institution leaves ample room for potentially misguided initiatives or marketing.

A universal system for assessing a higher educational institution’s sustainability has not been translated into a measurable reality. It is proposed that a universal system would help create a common understanding of sustainability within higher education institutions and would help in stakeholder understanding, institutional accountability and impactful application of sustainable initiatives.

This research looked to answer if a holistic framework could be created that would aid stakeholders in reviewing a university’s level of sustainability. And, if so, if this vision of a fully sustainable university could be translated into a measurable reality.

The research was approached in a structured way. Each chapter represents a published and peer-reviewed step towards addressing if a holistic framework could be created that would aid students in reviewing sustainability tools, assessments and marketing. The qualitative and quantitative conclusions from each chapter influenced the subsequent chapters, eventually leading to the creation and testing of two digital tools. The interpretations of these published chapters are found in the conclusion of this dissertation.

To assist the reader in effectively navigating this dissertation, an overview of the research questions, the methodology, and the summarized results are outlined below in Figure 0.1. A more detailed summary of each of the chapters follows.
Landscape Design Strategies
Authors: Jauslin Daniel
Published: November 2023

In the second chapter we will set the thematic context more specifically and explore the terms of landscape and its design strategies as I will use them throughout this study. The whole chapter focuses on the exploration of the idea of landscape around the question:

What landscape strategies are applicable in architectural design? (Q. 1.1.2)

I refer to landscape from a number of selected standpoints and discuss the concepts of landscape space. There I encounter crucial ideas about the human experience of landscape that are generally applicable to understanding space (2.1.). This will lead to a specific and concise definition of the discipline of landscape architecture through its approach to landscape itself (2.2.). Of many strategies of landscape design, this thesis relies on a comprehensive definition of landscape architecture "attitudes" by Sebastien Marot (1999). I illustrate each of Marot's four attitudes of landscape design with specific examples and distribute key concepts to landscape (2.3.1. to .4.). To explain the application of landscape strategies, I also place the four attitudes of landscape in the theoretical context of architecture in each section and briefly summarise them in the last subchapter 2.3.4. The introduction of landscape attitudes in this chapter is different and more accurate than the idea of nature in architecture that I will discuss in the chapter three.
Disclosing Interstices
Authors: Luo Sitong
Published: November 2023

Leftover spaces are neglected and obsolete spaces within the city. As they are temporarily unoccupied by defined urban functions, leftover spaces provide unique “interstitial conditions” that open for wild species as well as different informal social activities, offering crucial complements to the formal and defined urban spaces. In this context, the design of leftover spaces poses a paradox between the practice of design that projects a set of definitions onto the site, and the indeterminacy of leftover spaces that opens for appropriation and interpretation. By recognizing this paradox within the design of leftover spaces, this thesis strives to explore open-ended design approaches that engage leftover spaces without losing their essential qualities of indeterminacy. Three case studies—Valby Smedestræde 2 in Copenhagen, Le Jardin Du Tiers-Paysage [the Garden of the Third Landscape] in Saint-Nazaire, and the Dalston Eastern Curve Garden in London are scrutinized with a uniform framework consisting of four lenses: the morphological, social, ecological and material lens. The plan, the section, the perspective and axonometric drawings are used as tools to examine the cases and further, to represent the results of reading through each lens. The study delivers four general modi operandi—disclosing, selecting, founding, and sustaining—for engaging with the interstitial condition of leftover spaces. This thesis further invites for an exploration on the role of “gardeners”, nurtures and balances diverse social and ecological practices in the on-going transformation of the site.
The Integration of LADM and IndoorGML to Support the Indoor Navigation Based on the User Access Rights
Authors: Alattas Abdullah
Published: November 2023

Indoor navigation applications are actively investigated and developed due to their capacity to provide users with essential information in the modern extensive building complexes. Therefore, many researchers have developed a range of indoor navigation applications, which have focused on aspects such as localization, indoor route computation, and human spatial cognition. Unfortunately, current indoor navigation systems do not consider the user's access rights when it comes to navigating safely and effectively. This thesis delivers several contributions, which are based on international standards, to provide Indoor navigation aware of the user’s access rights. The thesis proposes: 1) a combined model of ISO’s LADM and OGC’s IndoorGML; 2) an enhancement of the UML class diagram of the conceptual model of IndoorGML; 3) a 2D LADM country profile of the Saudi Arabia; 4) a 3D LADM country profile of Saudi Arabia; 5) a conversion of the combined LADM and IndoorGML conceptual model to a technical model; 6) definitions of access rights for users of indoor environments during crisis based on the integrated model of LADM and IndoorGML; 7) a 3D web-based prototype application for indoor navigation making use of user access rights. The developed concepts and implementation have been acknowledged by the standardization organization ISO and OGC and considered for amending IndoorGML and LADM.
Improving the performance of hospitals
Authors: Peng Dejian
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, we are faced with serious challenges in public health worldwide. However, the challenges cannot be solved only in the domain of architecture, medical science or management. A successful hospital building is more than a nice building or an efficient healing machine. Patient journey is such a concept that tries to explore the possibility to solve the problems in hospitals in the domain of hospital architecture and hospital management. In this context, the research proposes a study of patient journey in hospitals from the perspective of architecture on basis of the outcomes achieved in management. Patient journeys are transferred from both clinical and administrative processes to special patterns. Moreover, in such a visual way, both the efficiency and effectiveness of hospitals and patients’ satisfaction during the journeys in hospitals are analyzed with case studies of China and the Netherlands. The system of spatialized patient journeys helps architects and hospital managers broaden their understanding of hospital. And the comparison results from case studies are useful for hospitals in China to improve performance and patients’ satisfaction.
Sensing the Cultural Significance with AI for Social Inclusion
Authors: Bai Nan
Published: November 2023

Social Inclusion has been growing as a goal in heritage management. Whereas the 2011 UNESCO Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) called for tools of knowledge documentation, social media already functions as a platform for online communities to actively involve themselves in heritage-related discussions. Such discussions happen both in “baseline scenarios” when people calmly share their experiences about the cities they live in or travel to, and in “activated scenarios” when radical events trigger their emotions. To organize, process, and analyse the massive unstructured multi-modal (mainly images and texts) user-generated data from social media efficiently and systematically, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is shown to be indispensable. This thesis explores the use of AI in a methodological framework to include the contribution of a larger and more diverse group of participants with user-generated data. It is an interdisciplinary study integrating methods and knowledge from heritage studies, computer science, social sciences, network science, and spatial analysis. AI models were applied, nurtured, and tested, helping to analyse the massive information content to derive the knowledge of cultural significance perceived by online communities. The framework was tested in case study cities including Venice, Paris, Suzhou, Amsterdam, and Rome for the baseline and/or activated scenarios. The AI-based methodological framework proposed in this thesis is shown to be able to collect information in cities and map the knowledge of the communities about cultural significance, fulfilling the expectation and requirement of HUL, useful and informative for future socially inclusive heritage management processes.
Trans-disciplinarity: The Singularities and Multiplicities of Architecture
Authors: Stanek Lukasz , Kaminer Tahl
Published: November 2023

This inaugural issue of Footprint aims at understanding today’s architecture culture as a negotiation between two antithetical definitions of architecture’s identity. The belief in the disciplinary singularity of architectural objects, irreducible to the conditions of their production, is confronted – in discourse and design – with the perception of architecture as an interdisciplinary mediation between multiple political, economic, social, technological and cultural factors. With the concept of trans-disciplinarity, the negotiation between these two positions is investigated here as an engine of the ‘tradition of the present’ of contemporary architecture – the discourses and designs which emerged in the 1960s and defined orientation points for today’s architectural thought and practice.
The Cunning of Architecture’s Reason
Authors: Jarzombek Mark
Published: November 2023

In the past decade, what has been understood by the word 'theory' has been a discourse that has serviced two types of architectural positions. One the one side there is the language of ‘flow’ and its associated liberalist position of open-ended experientialism. On the other side there is ‘techtonics’ and its associations with reactionary imperatives of a phenomenological reclamation of essence. This paper tries to open a third space, one that has received less attention in recent years, but that hones closer to the philosophical problematic of architecture. To that purpose and to resist the tendency to pull philosophy into an operative design position, I will reassess the philosophies of Georg Friedrich Hegel and Martin Heidegger to argue that when taken together they constitute a type of closure to the conventions of theory that needs to be addressed before the potential for an exteriority to theory can be formulated. The question of how to locate theory, which is of course an extension of the question of how to locate modernity, is, I shall argue, still tied up in Hegel’s studied – and cunning – ambivalence to architecture as a philosophical project. It is this ambivalence that I attempt to deconstruct in order to make it more operational as a theoretical position.
Fuel to the Urban Debate or, at Last, an End to the Brussels Trauma?
Authors: Doucet Isabelle
Published: November 2023

In her article Isabelle Doucet discusses the recent exhibition ‘A Vision for Brussels: Imagining the Capital of Europe’, curated by Pier Vittorio Aureli and Joachim Declerck from the Berlage Institute in Rotterdam, at the BOZAR Centre of Fine Arts in Brussels. Rather than discussing the exhibition as such, she re-positions it within the broader context of recent as well as concurrent contributions to the Brussels debate. By doing so, she treats the exhibition and its accompanying publication as the departure point for a reflection on how Brussels reflects on Brussels. She relates the exhibition to some ‘brand new’ attempts to provide a strong vision for this European Capital: two new journals about ‘planning the capital’ and another Europe-in-Brussels exhibition. However, while she argues that ‘A Vision for Brussels’ aims to formulate a vision for the architectural discipline too, she questions whether ‘A Vision for Brussels’ produces a ‘vision’ for the city, a full-blown ‘project’ for Brussels and/or a ‘solution’ to the crisis of architecture and the city as well. In other words, who is leading the show in the exhibition: Brussels, Europe or the architecture and urban design disciplines?
What difference could Pragmatism have made? From architectural effects to architecture’s consequences
Authors: Lefebvre Pauline
Published: November 2023

By the late 1990s, the once fruitful alliance between architecture and continental philosophy was perceived as being responsible for the apparent schism between architectural theory and practice. In that context, some saw Pragmatism as a potential alternative for reviving the architectural discourse. This paper first considers how this enterprise was actually more of a continuity than rupture with former philosophical affinities. The introduction of Pragmatism in architecture was discussed in the same breath as previous developments based on Deleuze and Foucault, mostly around the ‘diagram’. Architectural thinkers were then following the recent revival of Pragmatism in American philosophy, carried out by figures like Rorty, and based on a reconciliation between American Pragmatism and Continental philosophies. This might explain why they favoured Pragmatism at the expense of contemporary analytic philosophy. This also explains why their initiative was not as successful as they expected: the alternative did not appear as offering enough of a contrast. In the second part of the paper, I take this non-fulfilment as an opportunity to explore – to speculate – what Pragmatism could have contributed to the ‘post-critical’ scene that followed in the early 2000s. The main post-critical move is a shift away from ‘meaning’ towards the material, sensuous ‘effects’ of architecture. Pragmatism appeared relevant, as its main gesture is to consider effects rather than causes and to dismiss all discussions that have no practical bearings. But Pragmatism has more to offer than just a refocus on practice. My hypothesis is that Pragmatism expands the obligations of architecture. It doesn’t just bring to the fore concrete, seductive ‘effects’ of buildings; it also insists on considering their broader ‘consequences’ on the environment – physical as well as social and cultural – and on inventing ways of dealing with them.
The Value of Housing
Authors: Mota Nelson , Allweil Yael
Published: November 2023

This issue of Footprint brings together housing-as-design with housing-as-policy and housing-as-market to discuss what is, today, the value of housing. It discusses how the architecture of housing plays a role in changing behavioural norms and models of subjectivation promoted by the neoliberal ideological agenda. The contributions included in this issue examine different ways of addressing the production of housing either as a social right or a commodity, or both combined. Reviewing cases from North America, Europe and Asia, they discuss the extent to which the social and economic agendas of the public sector and the market determine the architecture of housing. The background of the discussion is defined by a deadlock: the architectural discourse calls upon the state to re-provide housing and solve the crisis, while the neoliberal state is not interested in commissioning housing. Against this background, this issue examines how the architecture discipline can engage in new ways of responding to the neoliberal state of affairs, examining the entwined relation between ‘architecture’ as a cultural product and ‘housing’ as a socioeconomic need.
Mapping Urban Complexity in an Asian Context
Authors: Bracken Gregory , Sohn Heidi
Published: November 2023

The second issue of Footprint aims at reuniting two themes which are receiving a great deal of attention in recent times: Asia’s extraordinary urban growth, and the problematique of mapping highly complex urban environments. The 21st century, forecasted by many as the ‘Pacific Century’, brings to the fore the region's economic, social, political and cultural changes, wide-ranging in their manifestation and far-reaching in their consequence. All of these factors are inscribed in the urban environment. In a region where a population of one million constitutes a small settlement and mega-cities such as Tokyo and Shanghai have come to dominate the global network, sheer size is itself an important issue and not just in practical terms. Then there is the apparent chaos that is actually a delicately balanced autopoeisis in cities such as Mumbai, as well as the interesting and potentially useful city-state model of Hong Kong. These conditions and rising phenomena bring important questions on the potentials and relevance of mapping to the fore.
Autarky and Material Contingencies in Italian Architectural Debate (1936-1954)
Authors: Avilés Pep
Published: November 2023

On 3 October 1935, Mussolini’s fascist regime invaded Ethiopia with undesired but foreseeable consequences for its imperialist aims: four days after the conquest, the Society of Nations imposed economic sanctions, promoting an international economic blockade. This soon translated in both a control of foreign currencies in order to purchase iron and steel on the international markets, and a vociferous campaign discouraging the use of materials that were demanded by the military endeavour. Architecture as a discipline and all the industrial activity around it suffered from government directions as well as the scarcity and control of commodities. Hence, its discourse accommodated to the new material situation. National and autochthonous values came to the fore, promoting local materials like wood or stone for construction as well as artificial and newly created ones.

By the end of the 1930s and beginning of the 1940s the dispute about available materials became one of the main concerns in Italian architecture. If during the immediate past the defence of modern materials was traditionally articulated around technical and social values, the battle in interwar Italy was understood in political and economic terms. After stigmatising modern materials such as iron and steel as ‘antinational’, the dispute between those who recognised in modern techniques a threat to traditional Italian architecture, and those embracing the formal and intellectual basis of the modern movement, became predominantly ideological and represented both sides of the political spectrum. This paper examines the way these interwar debates were shaped by economic policy, political ideology, and material scarcity, and in turn affected architectural production during Italy’s postwar reconstruction.
Whatever Happened to Projective Architecture? Rethinking the Expertise of the Architect
Authors: Schrijver Lara
Published: November 2023

This review article takes the discussion of ‘projective’ architecture as its starting point, and proposes that this recent debate may still be worthwhile to rethink the relationship between practice and theory in architecture. The spirit of ‘projective’ architecture suggests that we rethink how architecture ‘works’. This would entail understanding the reconfigured relation between political/societal and aesthetic/cultural engagement. Drawing from the ideas in the American debate on the ‘projective’ and the recent work of Richard Sennett on ‘craft’, this article puts forward the position that the notion of the ‘projective’ can extend the insights of critical theory towards a more fruitful dialogue with the everyday practice of architecture.
Another Form: From the ‘Informational’ to the ‘Infrastructural’ City
Authors: Read Stephen
Published: November 2023

The city is at once material and medium, substantial and enduring on the one hand but mobile, changeable and different things to different people on the other. So to speak of its form has never been straightforward. In the last fifty years the city has become enmeshed in momentous processes transforming our societies and our senses of our place in the world. We have seen urban places become drawn into ever more integrated circuits with other places across the boundaries of nations and continents. This leaves us with question marks about the places we inhabit today and has generated problems of place and coherence in the contemporary city.

Without offering solutions to problems of sprawl and fragmentation, I propose here a way of understanding the city and its growth as ordered. To do this I extend Castells’s idea of the ‘technological paradigm’ to spaces of places as well as those of flows and outline an urban form comprising limited technical systems, both high and low tech, establishing coherent and bounded infrastructures of objects, subjects and practices. These infrastructures are internally ordered as total technical systems or paradigms while they are also externally related to other infrastructures in backward and forward articulations that are capable of being generative and place-forming.

I argue that we need to understand complex processes of boundary and centre formation in these articulations and use this knowledge to deliver a ‘dappled world’ of varying niches or inhabitable places from the very large to the very small. We need to find alternatives to the macrophysics and smooth pervasive power of the space of flows by maintaining, inventing and reinventing microphysical architectures of enabling places offering us multiple ways of being and living in our contemporary city.
Movement Technologies, Scale Structure and Metropolitan Life – an Empirical Research on the Effects of the Transportation System on the Metropolitan Process in Beijing
Authors: Sheng Qiang , Han Linfei
Published: November 2023

This paper is a morphological study on Beijing’s metropolitanisation process based on the development of its transportation networks. By extracting the ‘scale structure’ embedded in them, we construct a movement network model for Beijing and use it to analyse changing metropolitan centralities as shopping areas and market places in 1924, 1987 and 2006. Following Taylor’s proposal of Central Flow as a complementary model to Central Place, our study focuses on how the spatial distribution of metropolitan centralities has been affected by the rapid modernisation of transportation networks.
Mediated Windows: The Use of Framing and Transparency in Designing for Presence
Authors: Gullström Charlie
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the fusion of architecture and media technology that facilitates collaborative practices across spatial extensions: video-mediated spaces. The example presented is a mediated extension of the Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm to a neighbouring park area and archaeological excavation site in 2008, referred to as a mediated window, or a glass-door.

The concepts framing and transparency are used to outline the significance of windows and glazing in architecture and art. The author then considers the potential contribution of architecture in representing the passage from indoors to outdoors and designing for presence. Presence design assumes a contribution from architects to presence research, a currently diversified field, spanning media-space research, cognitive science, interaction design, ubiquitous computing, second-order cybernetics, and computer-supported collaborative work, but in which architecture and artistic practices are less represented.

The paper thereby addresses the potential of an extended architectural practice, which incorporates the design of mediated spaces, and outlines presence design as a transdisciplinary practice in which presence research meets architectural design, and spatial and aesthetic conceptual tools, derived from related visual practices, may be productively applied.
Drawing the Map: Siting Architecture
Authors: Bordeleau Anne , Bresler Liana
Published: November 2023

Architects increasingly favour mapping as a means of documentation. Through maps, they question and define the boundaries of their architectural intervention, the premise being that if they can adequately delaminate and map the site's found conditions, they may achieve a more complex understanding of the said site.

If maps can successfully represent sets of complex interactions in an effective manner, they also have an objectifying tendency and are often criticized for being tools of domination as well for their propensity to stabilize space-time. Further, architectural mapping is often associated with the possibility to index the 'designer's syntactical code', a possibility coupled with the idea that 'none of the notations take precedence over any other', so as to encourage 'more plural, open-ended "performances" of the project-in-time'.

These positions involve if not a pure scientific objectivity, at least the assumption that one may somehow sidestep the projection of the author's intentionality. Bringing these issues to light, the paper explores whether mapping could address temporality with an assumed depth that would re-responsibilize the architect mapmaker while still remaining open to the users' multiple readings in time.

Our contention is that rather than relying on rules, syntax and sequences of transformations, architects may approach mapping as a creative act that is open to different temporalities, involving both a willingness to listen and a readiness to act, allowing stories to emerge all the while stepping up as the narrator. Focusing on the phenomenological dimension of drawing and the epistemological bearings of mapping, the paper reveals some of the ways in which architects can question the relation between architecture and time through their graphic representation.
The Woof and the Warp of Architecture: The Figure-Ground in Urban Design
Authors: Wortham-Galvin B.D.
Published: November 2023

To borrow a metaphor used by Georg W.F. Hegel in the Philosophy of History to describe historical processes, architecture should be understood as a series of complex threads wherein one recognizes the physical forms as the warp, and the temporal, socio-political, natural, and aural contexts as the woof. Fabric is asserted as a concept broader than the immediate spatial and physical situation in which individual buildings are located; and, the threads of the fabric are all of those elements that aid in making the built environment both a designed and lived experience.

In order to discuss this proposed understanding of fabric, this paper will look at how drawings informed the process and theory of urban design in the mid- to late-twentieth century. The discussion will focus on the origins of the Nolli plan and its 'rediscovery' by the Cornell School and their use of the figure-ground as a primary tool in the formulation of an urban design theory. The trajectory of the figure-ground can reinvigorate contemporary urban design praxis once more by reasserting drawing as more than mere illustration but as a means to conceptualize design methodologies that support a holistic notion of fabric.