bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children’s Subjective Well-Being During the Coronavirus Pandemic
Authors: Rodríguez-Pose Andrés , Sandu Alexandra , Taylor Chris , Hampton Jennifer May
Published: December 2023

How did the coronavirus pandemic affect the subjective well-being (SWB) of children? In this paper, we use data from the Children’s World Survey, encompassing 9,684 children aged 9 to 15 residing in nine European countries. Our goal is to evaluate the influence of both material —access to digital communication devices— and immaterial factors —information sources about Covid-19, activities conducted during lockdown, and the extent of social support— on children’s SWB during the pandemic. We also account for individual characteristics, such as age and gender, as well as country-specific effects. The analysis, employing ordinary least-squares (OLS) and ordered logit (OLogit) methods, reveals that various factors contributed to reduced SWB in children during the pandemic. These factors include loneliness, a lack of active leisure activities, fragmented family environments, and insufficient or no social support from teachers or friends. Additionally, the absence of internet access and reliable sources of information about coronavirus negatively affected children’s SWB. However, lacking the material conditions for networking was a less prominent concern for children compared to the absence of support from family and friends or the inability to engage in activities that they deemed valuable for themselves or others.
Focal Intrahepatic Duct Dilatation (FIDD): a Finding That Mandates Further Evaluation That May Amount to Liver Resection
Authors: Kumar Nagappan , Kumar Arvind , Mondal Dipanjali
Published: December 2023

The increasing use of imaging has led to incidental findings in the liver. The Western experience of managing focal intrahepatic duct dilatation (FIDD) is not well recorded. We present our experience based on a large prospectively maintained database at a tertiary hepatobiliary surgical unit. We identified patients with liver resection for focal incidental duct dilatation from January 2003 to December 2019 from the liver unit database. We recorded the demographics, symptomatology, blood test results, imaging, type of liver resection, morbidity, mortality and histology of resected specimens. Nine patients had focal intrahepatic duct dilatation among 994 liver resections performed (0.9%). Six patients were asymptomatic, 2 upper abdominal pain and 1 recurrent gram-negative sepsis. Liver function tests were normal in all patients. Two patients had cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), 4 intrahepatic stones, 1 intraductal papillary neoplasm of bile duct (IPN-B) and 2 benign strictures. Focal incidental duct dilatation is rare in the Western population. Most patients are asymptomatic with an incidental finding of intrahepatic duct dilatation on cross-sectional imaging. Differentiating benign and malignant pathology is difficult warranting liver resection, in fit patients, to resolve the diagnosis. Liver resection is safe and can be potentially curative in patients with a neoplasm, which can occur in 30% of patients with focal intrahepatic duct dilatation.
The Japanese Breast Cancer Society clinical practice guidelines for epidemiology and prevention of breast cancer, 2022 edition
Authors: Kawai Masaaki , Ohtani Shoichiro , Iwasaki Motoki , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Takamatsu Kiyoshi , Okamura Hitoshi , Arai Masami , Nomura Tsunehisa , Ozaki Shinji , Shibata Ken-ichi , Akabane Ayaka , Motoi Fuyuhiko , Yamauchi Chikako , Yamamoto Yutaka , Iwata Hiroji , Saji Shigehira
Published: December 2023

The Japanese Breast Cancer Society Clinical Practice Guidelines for Epidemiology and Prevention of Breast Cancer, 2022 Edition.
Single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing reveal heterogeneity and diagnostic markers in papillary thyroid carcinoma lymph-node metastasis
Authors: Lu D.-N. , Zhang W.-C. , Lin Y.-Z. , Jiang H.-Y. , He R. , Li S.-L. , Zhang Y.-N. , Shao C.-Y. , Zheng C.-M. , Xu J.-J. , Ge M.-H.
Published: December 2023

Purpose

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is characterized by lymph-node metastasis (LNM), which affects recurrence and prognosis. This study analyzed PTC LNM by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to find diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.

Methods

ScRNA-seq data were clustered and malignant cells were identified. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in malignant cells of scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq, respectively. PTC LNM diagnostic model was constructed based on intersecting DEGs using glmnet package. Next, PTC samples from 66 patients were used to validate the two most significant genes in the diagnostic model, S100A2 and type 2 deiodinase (DIO2) by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC). Further, the inhibitory effect of DIO2 on PTC cells was verified by cell biology behavior, western blot, cell cycle analysis, 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay, and xenograft tumors.

Results

Heterogeneity of PTC LNM was demonstrated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. A total of 19 differential genes were used to construct the diagnostic model. S100A2 and DIO2 differ significantly at the RNA (p < 0.01) and protein level in LNM patient tissues (p < 0.001). And differed in PTC tissues with different pathologic typing (p < 0.001). Further, EdU (p < 0.001) and cell biology behavior revealed that PTC cells overexpressed DIO2 had reduced proliferative capacity. Cell cycle proteins were reduced and cells are more likely to be stuck in G2/M phase (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

This study explored the heterogeneity of PTC LNM using scRNA-seq. By combining with bulk RNA-seq data, diagnostic markers were explored and the model was established. Clinical diagnostic efficacy of S100A2 and DIO2 was validated and the treatment potential of DIO2 was discovered.
Melatonin as a Key Factor for Regulating and Relieving Abiotic Stresses in Harmony with Phytohormones in Horticultural Plants — a Review
Authors: Ali Mahmoud A. A. , Nasser Mohamed A. , Abdelhamid Ahmed N. , Ali Islam A. A. , Saudy Hani S. , Hassan Karim M.
Published: December 2023

Melatonin was found in plants in the late 1990s, but its function, signaling, and interaction with other phytohormones still unclear. Melatonin research in plants has increased substantially in recent years, including reports on the impact of this putative plant hormone under biotic and abiotic stress situations. Temperature extremes, salt, drought, hypoxia or anoxia, nutrient deficiency, herbicides, UV radiation stress, and heavy metal toxicity are all important obstacles to horticulture crop production worldwide. To deal with these environmental challenges, plants have evolved complex signaling networks. Phytohormones are essential for controlling plant growth, development, and stress responses. Melatonin, a pleiotropic chemical present in a variety of species, has recently emerged as a powerful regulator of plant abiotic stress tolerance. The purpose of this review is to investigate the interplay between melatonin and phytohormones in the control of abiotic stress responses in horticultural crops. We explore the interactions of melatonin with several phytohormones under various abiotic stresses.
Characterization Study of some Bauxite Deposits in Northern Brazil
Authors: da Rocha Pereira Barbara , Rosset Morgana , de Oliveria Lima José Diogo , Gomes Keila Palheta , Espinosa Denise Crocce Romano , Tenório Jorge Alberto Soares
Published: December 2023

Alumina is produced from bauxite, which contains a mixture of various oxides, such as aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), silicon (Si), and titanium (Ti). Bauxite can also be considered a source of several other valuable metals, such as scandium (Sc), vanadium (V), and gallium (Ga). The composition and mineralogy of alumina determine their economic value, but their characteristics vary by locality. The physicochemical characteristics of bauxites can also be influenced largely by weathering processes, even within the same locality. For this reason, the present study was undertaken with the objective of comparing the characterization data of three bauxite samples collected, which will be referred to as D, E, and F, from the Cruz Alta do Pará plateau in northern Brazil. The samples were solubilized by multi-acid digestion and fusion with lithium metaborate to quantify their metal compositions by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The mineralogical characterization was conducted by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the phase changes of minerals in bauxite were detected by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG). The total organic carbon (TOC) technique was used to quantify the C in the samples, and the moisture content was also measured. Alumina was 30 wt.% on average for all samples, good for producing high-purity alumina by hydrometallurgical processes. The results, however, showed high (~20 at.%) silica concentrations in two samples and ~3 wt.% Fe in one sample, which can pose a challenge in the Bayer process. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that gibbsite (Gbs), kaolinite (Kln), anatase (Ant), and hematite (Hem) were the major mineral phases in these samples. The study showed that the samples from the same mine vary in their metal content, especially with regard to Si, and they, thus, need to be processed selectively to maximize their economic value.
Time Series Manufacturing Data Edge Monitoring and Visualization to Support Industrial Maintenance Teams
Authors: Garcia Ander , Oregui Xabier , Franco Javier , Arrieta Unai , Ferreres Jon , Valencia Jose Andres
Published: December 2023

Traditional manufacturing control systems such as Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) or SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) were not designed for Industry 4.0 paradigm. Industry 4.0 implies that more data variables must be automatically monitored and data must be captured at a higher frequency: from one value of a few key variables to values of several variables captured at frequencies of seconds. Thus, new architectures and tools are required to merge Information Technology (IT) and Operation Technology (OT) fields and to meet Industry 4.0 requirements. This paper proposes a lightweight architecture based on micro-services and time series data requirements to connect to manufacturing process controllers, and to capture, store, monitor and visualize relevant data about the process. Moreover, a reference implementation based on Open Source tools is presented. This implementation has been validated by members of the maintenance team of a factory from Lecta, a paper manufacturer. The implementation has proven to be a new valuable tool providing further insights and customized alarms of the manufacturing process.
Coupling Between Exhumation and Subduction: A Case Study From the Southern Great Xing'an Range, NE Asia
Authors: Wu Didi , Li Shan , Dias A. N. C. , Chew David
Published: December 2023

The link between subduction and continental exhumation is explored using high‐resolution thermal histories from southern Great Xing'an Range (GXR), NE Asia and integrated with a regional low‐temperature thermochronology data synthesis from the NE Asian continental margin. The GXR thermal histories are constrained by multiple thermo‐, geochronometers (zircon, titanite, apatite U‐Pb, zircon, apatite (U‐Th)/He and apatite fission track). These data yield a large range in U‐Pb ages (292–119 Ma) with enhanced exhumation mainly during the early Cretaceous (ca. 155–110 Ma) in an extensional regime linked to roll‐back of the Paleo‐Pacific Ocean and consequent lithospheric thinning and delamination. Integrated with Cretaceous‐Cenozoic low‐temperature thermochronological data from the NE Asian continent margin, three regional phases of exhumation are recognized, which can be linked to changes in the geometry and kinematics of the subduction systems of the Paleo‐Pacific and Pacific oceans, demonstrating coupling between the subducting plate and the continental margin at active plate boundaries.
Retrieving Cloud Sensitivity to Aerosol Using Ship Emissions in Overcast Conditions
Authors: Ribeiro Rodrigo Q. C. R. , Gryspeerdt Edward , van Reeuwijk Maarten
Published: December 2023

The interaction between aerosols and clouds is one of the major uncertainties in past climate change, affecting the accuracy of future climate projections. Ship tracks, trails left in clouds through the addition of aerosol in the ship exhaust plume, have become a key observational tool for constraining aerosol‐cloud interactions. However, many expected tracks remain undetected, presenting a significant gap in current knowledge of aerosol forcing. Here we leverage a plume‐parcel model to simulate the impact of aerosol dispersion for 2,957 cases off California's coast on cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) enhancements. Plume‐parcel models show a large sensitivity to updraft uncertainties, which are found to be a primary control on track formation. Using these plume‐parcel models, updraft values consistent with observed CDNC enhancements are recovered, suggesting that relying solely on cloud‐top radiative cooling may overestimate in‐cloud updrafts by around 50%, hence overstating the cloud sensitivity to aerosols.
The Effects of Shallow Cumulus Cloud Shape on Interactions Among Clouds and Mixing With Near‐Cloud Environments
Authors: Chen Jingyi , Hagos Samson , Xiao Heng , Fast Jerome , Lu Chunsong , Varble Adam , Feng Zhe , Sun Jingxi
Published: December 2023

Cloud lifecycles are influenced by interactions among clouds and mixing with cloud‐free environments. Cloud shapes dictate the length of cloud boundaries, which affects these interactions. This study uses a large eddy simulation to examine the relationships between the shallow cumulus cloud shapes, processes at their boundaries, and lifecycles. To characterize the shape of clouds, two metrics are newly defined: one reflects the overall horizontal cloud shape, and the other defines the cloud edge irregularity. Simulated clouds experience increased irregularity, but little changes in aspect ratio. Irregularity‐driven cloud perimeter growth strongly indicates cloud splitting, with a more pronounced effect than aspect ratio‐driven perimeter growth. Smaller cloud‐shell gradients of properties across cloud boundaries are associated with more irregular clouds, suggesting enhanced mixing of clouds with the cloud‐free environment. These findings indicate that the shallow cumulus evolution is partly driven by the irregularity of the cloud edge through lateral mixing and cloud splitting.
Substorms and Solar Eclipses: A Mutual Information Based Study
Authors: Coyle S. E. , Baker J. B. H. , Chakraborty S. , Hartinger M. D. , Freeman M. P. , Clauer C. R. , Xu Z. , Weimer D. R.
Published: December 2023

Solar eclipses present a rare glimpse into the impact of ionospheric electrodynamics on the magnetosphere independent of other well studied seasonal influences. Despite decades of study, we still do not have a complete description of the conditions for geomagnetic substorm onset. We present herein a mutual information based study of previously published substorm onsets and the past two decades of eclipses which indicates the likelihood of co‐occurrence is greater than random chance. A plausible interpretation for this relation suggests that the abrupt fluctuations in ionospheric conductivity during an eclipse may influence the magnetospheric preconditions of substorm initiation. While the mechanism remains unclear, this study presents strong evidence of a link between substorm onset and solar eclipses.
New Chorus Diffusion Coefficients for Radiation Belt Modeling
Authors: Wong Jin‐Mann , Meredith Nigel P. , Horne Richard B. , Glauert Sarah A. , Ross Johnathan P. J.
Published: December 2023

Whistler mode chorus is an important magnetospheric wave emission playing a major role in radiation belt dynamics, where it contributes to both the acceleration and loss of relativistic electrons. In this study we compute bounce and drift averaged chorus diffusion coefficients for 3.0 < L* < 6.0, using the TS04 external magnetic field model, taking into account co‐located near‐equatorial measurements of the wave intensity and fpe/fce, by combining the Van Allen probes measurements with data from a multi‐satellite VLF wave database. The variation of chorus wave normal angle (WNA) with spatial location and fpe/fce is also taken into account. We find that chorus propagating at small WNAs has the dominant contribution to the diffusion rates in most MLT sectors. However, in the region 4 ≤ MLT < 11 high WNAs dominate at intermediate pitch angles. In the region 3 < L* < 4, the bounce and drift averaged pitch angle and energy diffusion rates during active conditions are primarily larger than those in our earlier models by up to a factor of 10 depending on energy and pitch angle. Further out, the results are similar. We find that the bounce and drift averaged energy and pitch angle diffusion rates can be significantly larger than the new model in regions of low , where the differences can be up to a factor of 10 depending on energy and pitch angle.
Extreme Geomagnetic Disturbances (GMDs) Observed in Eastern Arctic Canada: Occurrence Characteristics and Solar Cycle Dependence
Authors: Engebretson Mark J. , Yang Lily , Steinmetz Erik S. , Pilipenko Vyacheslav A. , Moldwin Mark B. , McCuen Brett A. , Connors Martin G. , Weygand James M. , Waters Colin L. , Nishimura Yukitoshi , Lyons Larry R. , Russell Christopher T.
Published: December 2023

Extreme (>20 nT/s) geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs, also denoted as MPEs—magnetic perturbation events)—impulsive nighttime disturbances with time scale ∼5–10 min, have sufficient amplitude to cause bursts of geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) that can damage technical infrastructure. In this study, we present occurrence statistics for extreme GMD events from five stations in the MACCS and AUTUMNX magnetometer arrays in Arctic Canada at magnetic latitudes ranging from 65° to 75°. We report all large (≥6 nT/s) and extreme GMDs from these stations from 2011 through 2022 to analyze variations of GMD activity over a full solar cycle and compare them to those found in three earlier studies. GMD activity between 2011 and 2022 did not closely follow the sunspot cycle, but instead was lowest during its rising phase and maximum (2011–2014) and highest during the early declining phase (2015–2017). Most of these GMDs, especially the most extreme, were associated with high‐speed solar wind streams (Vsw >600 km/s) and steady solar wind pressure. All extreme GMDs occurred within 80 min after substorm onsets, but few within 5 min. Multistation data often revealed a poleward progression of GMDs, consistent with a tailward retreat of the magnetotail reconnection region. These observations indicate that extreme GIC hazard conditions can occur for a variety of solar wind drivers and geomagnetic conditions, not only for fast‐coronal mass ejection driven storms.
Kinetic Modeling of Ionospheric Outflows in Pressure Cooker Environments
Authors: Albarran R. M. , Zettergren M. , Rowland D. , Klenzing J. , Clemmons J.
Published: December 2023

Plasma escape from the high‐latitude ionosphere (ion outflow) serves as a significant source of heavy plasma to the magnetospheric plasma sheet and ring current regions. Outflows alter mass density and reconnection rates, hence global responses of the magnetosphere. A new fully kinetic and semi‐kinetic model, KAOS (Kinetic model of Auroral ion OutflowS), is constructed from first principles which traces large numbers of individual O+ ion macro‐particles along curved magnetic field lines, using a guiding‐center approximation, in order to facilitate calculation of ion distribution functions and moments. Particle forces include mirror and parallel electric field forces, a self‐consistent ambipolar electric field, and a parameterized source of ion cyclotron resonance wave heating, thought to be central to the transverse energization of ions. The model is initiated with a steady‐state ion density altitude profile and Maxwellian velocity distribution and particle trajectories are advanced via a direct simulation Monte Carlo scheme. This outlines the implementation of the kinetic outflow model, demonstrates the model's ability to achieve near‐hydrostatic equilibrium necessary for simulation spin‐up, and investigates L‐shell dependent wave heating and pressure cookers scenarios. This paper illustrates the model initialization process and numerical investigations of L‐shell dependent outflows and pressure cooker environments and serves to advance our understanding of the drivers and particle dynamics in the auroral ionosphere.
Sensitivity of Arctic Surface Temperature to Including a Comprehensive Ocean Interior Reflectance to the Ocean Surface Albedo Within the Fully Coupled CESM2
Authors: Wei Jian , Ren Tong , Yang Ping , DiMarco Steven F. , Huang Xianglei
Published: December 2023

Almost all current climate models simplify the ocean surface albedo (OSA) by assuming the reflected solar energy without the ocean interior contribution. In this study, an improved ocean surface albedo scheme is incorporated into the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) to assess the sensitivity of Arctic surface temperature to including ocean interior reflectance to the OSA. Fully coupled CESM2 simulations with and without ocean interior reflectance are subsequently performed, we focus on the analysis of Arctic surface temperature responses. Incorporating ocean interior reflectance increases absorbed solar radiation and warms the ocean, enhancing seasonal heat storage and release across the Arctic Ocean, and increasing sea ice reduction and positive climate feedbacks that elevates Arctic surface temperature. Seasonal variations in air‐surface temperature differences induce changes in turbulent heat flux patterns, concurrently modifying dynamic advection and moisture processes that affect boundary layer humidity and low clouds, especially in winter. Based on partitioning physical processes in the thermodynamic energy equation, surface air warming is induced primarily through positive heating anomalies of vertical advection, latent heat release, and longwave radiative forcing. Through an examination of the surface energy budget, skin temperature warming is driven predominantly by increased downward longwave radiation, positive surface albedo feedback in summer, and increased conductive heat transport from the ocean particularly in winter. Significant effects of ocean interior reflectance on the Arctic Ocean, including sea surface warming and sea ice reduction, justify the importance of ocean interior reflectance in climate models for better understanding of ongoing Arctic climate changes.
Different projection neurons of basolateral amygdala participate in the retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory with diverse molecular pathways
Authors: Guo Xinli , Yuan Yu , Su Xiaoman , Cao Zixuan , Chu Chenshan , Lei Chao , Wang Yingqi , Yang Li , Pan Yan , Sheng Huan , Cui Dongyang , Shao Da , Yang Hao , Fu Yali , Wen Yaxian , Cai Zhangyin , Lai Bin , Chen Ming , Zheng Ping
Published: December 2023

Context-induced retrieval of drug withdrawal memory is one of the important reasons for drug relapses. Previous studies have shown that different projection neurons in different brain regions or in the same brain region such as the basolateral amygdala (BLA) participate in context-induced retrieval of drug withdrawal memory. However, whether these different projection neurons participate in the retrieval of drug withdrawal memory with same or different molecular pathways remains a topic for research. The present results showed that (1) BLA neurons projecting to the prelimbic cortex (BLA-PrL) and BLA neurons projecting to the nucleus accumbens (BLA-NAc) participated in context-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory; (2) there was an increase in the expression of Arc and pERK in BLA-NAc neurons, but not in BLA-PrL neurons during context-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory; (3) pERK was the upstream molecule of Arc, whereas D1 receptor was the upstream molecule of pERK in BLA-NAc neurons during context-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory; (4) D1 receptors also strengthened AMPA receptors, but not NMDA receptors, -mediated glutamatergic input to BLA-NAc neurons via pERK during context-induced retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory. These results suggest that different projection neurons of the BLA participate in the retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory with diverse molecular pathways.
Metabolomic approaches to explore chemodiversity in seeds of guaraná (Paullinia cupana) using UPLC-QTOF-MSE and NMR analysis
Authors: de Aquino Gondim Tamyris , Guedes Jhonyson Arruda Carvalho , de Godoy Alves Filho Elenilson , da Silva Gisele Silvestre , Nina Natasha Veruska dos Santos , do Nascimento Filho Firmino José , Atroch André Luiz , Da Silva Gilvan Ferreira , Lopes Gisele Simone , Zocolo Guilherme Julião
Published: December 2023

Non-targeted and targeted metabolomic approach method for determination of metabolic profile and chemical composition of guaraná seeds.
Crystal facet engineering of spinel NiCo2O4 with enhanced activity and water resistance for tuneable catalytic methane oxidation
Authors: Boyjoo Yash , Jin Yonggang , Mao Xin , Zhao Guangyu , Gengenbach Thomas , Du Aijun , Guo Hua , Liu Jian
Published: December 2023

We use crystal facet engineering to develop NiCo2O4 hexagonal nanosheets with 2 different exposed crystal facets for complete CH4 oxidation. The {111} exposed facet has better resistance to humidity while the {112} facet has better activity.
Fully printed memristors made with MoS2 and graphene water-based inks
Authors: Peng Zixing , Grillo Alessandro , Pelella Aniello , Liu Xuzhao , Boyes Matthew , Xiao Xiaoyu , Zhao Minghao , Wang Jingjing , Hu Zhirun , Di Bartolomeo Antonio , Casiraghi Cinzia
Published: December 2023

Fully printed memristors based on silver and water-based 2D material inks were demonstrated on rigid and flexible substrates. The Ag filaments formation depends on the annealing process and can be inhibited by integrating CVD graphene in the device.
Ferrocene carboxylic acid-doped copper MOFs as a nanozyme with high peroxidase-mimicking activity for catalytic dye degradation
Authors: Xie Hui , Yan Rongqiu , Zhang Yu , Lei Chenghong
Published: December 2023

A ferrocene carboxylic acid-doped copper–p-phthalic acid metal–organic framework material (Fc–Cu PTA) as a nanozyme exhibited high peroxidase-mimicking activity for catalytic dye degradation, while Cu PTA showed nearly no peroxidase-mimicking activity.
C-entrapped Cu nanoparticles-infused polyaniline-modified cellulose nanofibers for the precise monitoring of xanthine in urine samples
Authors: Al-Sulami Ahlam I. , Fatima Ammara , Al-Sulami Fatimah Mohammad H. , Sami Abdul , Aldahiri Reema H. , Khan Maria , Al-Ghamdi Azza A. , Akhtar Naeem , El Said Waleed Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Herein, we reported the fabrication of C-entrapped Cu nanoparticles-infused polyaniline-modified cellulose nanofibers (C@Cu-NPs/PCE) for the precise monitoring of xanthine from urine samples.
Insights of the efficient hydrogen evolution reaction performance in bimetallic Au4Cu2 nanoclusters
Authors: Devi Aarti , Minhas Harpriya , Sahoo Lipipuspa , Rashi  , Gratious Saniya , Das Amitabha , Mandal Sukhendu , Pathak Biswarup , Patra Amitava
Published: December 2023

The bimetallic nanocluster catalyst (Au4Cu2/MoS2) exhibits remarkable efficiency and durability with enhanced charge transfer, highlighting the structure–property relationship crucial for atomic-level understanding of electrocatalysis.
CO2 hydrogenation to olefins in a microwave-thermal hybrid heating reactor
Authors: Balyan Sonit , Tewari Kshitij , Robinson Brandon , Jiang Changle , Wang Yuxin , Hu Jianli
Published: December 2023

Microwave-enhanced CO2 hydrogenation to olefins was carried out in a two-zone hybrid heating reactor system.
Toward three-dimensionally ordered nanoporous graphene materials: template synthesis, structure, and applications
Authors: Yamamoto Masanori , Goto Shunsuke , Tang Rui , Yamazaki Kaoru
Published: December 2023

Precise template synthesis will realize three-dimensionally ordered nanoporous graphenes (NPGs) with a spatially controlled seamless graphene structure and fewer edges.
Modular, multi-robot integration of laboratories: an autonomous workflow for solid-state chemistry
Authors: Lunt Amy. M. , Fakhruldeen Hatem , Pizzuto Gabriella , Longley Louis , White Alexander , Rankin Nicola , Clowes Rob , Alston Ben , Gigli Lucia , Day Graeme M. , Cooper Andrew I. , Chong Samantha Y.
Published: December 2023

This study presents a modular autonomous workflow for solid-state chemistry comprising three separate robots, allowing automated powder X-ray diffraction to underpin crystalline materials discovery.
Rational design of a polypropylene composite foam with open-cell structure via graphite conductive network for sound absorption
Authors: Li Zhiyao , Yang Chenguang , Yan Kun , Xia Ming , Yan Zhong , Wang Dong , Wang Wenwen
Published: December 2023

A polypropylene (PP) foam with a high open-cell content was achieved for the first time by constructing a thermally conductive network. The obtained PP-G foam with micro-nano multistage pore structure exhibits optimal sound absorption performance.
“You Just Want to Be Able to Communicate With Your Child”: Parents' Perspectives on Communication and AAC Use for Beginning Communicators on the Autism Spectrum
Authors: Laubscher Emily , Pope Lauramarie , Light Janice
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

For young children on the autism spectrum who are beginning communicators, augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) can support language development and participation in meaningful interactions. AAC is more likely to be effective when services align with the needs and priorities of the child's family. To better understand family perspectives, this study investigated the communication and AAC experiences of parents of young beginning communicators on the autism spectrum.

Method:

The study used a phenomenological qualitative design. Eight caregivers of seven children on the autism spectrum participated in semistructured interviews, and thematic analysis was used to identify themes within the data.

Results:

Five main themes and 15 subthemes emerged from the data. Parents situated communication and AAC experiences within the context of complex, busy lives. They discussed the value of communication and benefits of AAC, but described numerous challenges related to obtaining, learning, and implementing AAC that evolved over time as needs and skills changed. Parents discussed their children's individuality and the need for AAC systems and services to fit the unique needs of their child and their family. They also emphasized ways in which communication outcomes were affected by factors external to the child and the family, including factors related to professional services and the U.S. health care and educational systems.

Conclusions:

The results affirm the need to consider the family and the broader social system when providing AAC services to young children on the autism spectrum. Provision of family-centered services is critical to successful AAC.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24881562
Relationships Between Auditory Processing and Cognitive Abilities in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Davidson Alyssa , Souza Pamela
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

The contributions from the central auditory and cognitive systems play a major role in communication. Understanding the relationship between auditory and cognitive abilities has implications for auditory rehabilitation for clinical patients. The purpose of this systematic review is to address the question, “In adults, what is the relationship between central auditory processing abilities and cognitive abilities?”

Method:

Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to identify, screen, and determine eligibility for articles that addressed the research question of interest. Medical librarians and subject matter experts assisted in search strategy, keyword review, and structuring the systematic review process. To be included, articles needed to have an auditory measure (either behavioral or electrophysiologic), a cognitive measure that assessed individual ability, and the measures needed to be compared to one another.

Results:

Following two rounds of identification and screening, 126 articles were included for full analysis. Central auditory processing (CAP) measures were grouped into categories (behavioral: speech in noise, altered speech, temporal processing, binaural processing; electrophysiologic: mismatch negativity, P50, N200, P200, and P300). The most common CAP measures were sentence recognition in speech-shaped noise and the P300. Cognitive abilities were grouped into constructs, and the most common construct was working memory. The findings were mixed, encompassing both significant and nonsignificant relationships; therefore, the results do not conclusively establish a direct link between CAP and cognitive abilities. Nonetheless, several consistent relationships emerged across different domains. Distorted or noisy speech was related to working memory or processing speed. Auditory temporal order tasks showed significant relationships with working memory, fluid intelligence, or multidomain cognitive measures. For electrophysiology, relationships were observed between some cortical evoked potentials and working memory or executive/inhibitory processes. Significant results were consistent with the hypothesis that assessments of CAP and cognitive processing would be positively correlated.

Conclusions:

Results from this systematic review summarize relationships between CAP and cognitive processing, but also underscore the complexity of these constructs, the importance of study design, and the need to select an appropriate measure. The relationship between auditory and cognitive abilities is complex but can provide informative context when creating clinical management plans. This review supports a need to develop guidelines and training for audiologists who wish to consider individual central auditory and cognitive abilities in patient care.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24855174
DSP‐based energy optimization management of household single‐phase electric energy router with historical and real‐time data
Authors: Zhao Guopeng , Zha Pengfei , Liu Jiaxing
Published: December 2023

The development and use of single‐phase electric energy router (SPEER) makes the household power system operate more reliably and bring economic income at the same time. This paper presents an economic energy optimization management method of SPEER with historical data of previous day and real‐time data in the grid‐connected mode of SPEER, which can be realized by DSP. First, based on the exchange power between the SPEER and the grid, the optimal charging and discharging power of the battery to make up for the energy difference between the previous day and the real time is obtained through the particle swarm intelligence algorithm, and the optimal economic model of SPEER operation is established. Then, on the hardware experimental platform, DSP is used to realize the real‐time optimization, and the optimal economic optimization algorithm proposed in this paper is implemented and verified on hardware experimental platform. The contradiction between the complexity of optimization algorithm and the limitation of hardware resources is solved in the proposed energy management system.
Robust localisation methods based on modified skipped filter weighted least squares algorithm
Authors: Park Chee‐Hyun , Chang Joon‐Hyuk
Published: December 2023

Robust localisation techniques that utilise distance observations to determine the location are focused upon. In urban environments with limited visibility and high population density, the presence of non‐line‐of‐sight signals can introduce a positive measurement bias, negatively affecting the accuracy of estimation. To resolve this problem caused by multipath effects, robust localisation techniques have been explored, specifically the skipped filter weighted least squares (WLS) method for localisation. However, the squared estimation bias of the transformed distance estimate of the existing skipped filter WLS method is high in the low signal‐to‐noise ratio condition owing to the second‐order noise terms. Therefore, the modified skipped filter WLS methods are proposed to reduce the squared estimation bias of transformed distance estimate. First, the closed‐form modified skipped filter WLS method uses the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) to reduce the squared estimation bias of the transformed distance estimate. In addition, the modified skipped filter WLS method using the online ML and online expectation maximisation (EM) algorithms are introduced whose advantage is that they do not require the number of Gaussian components unlike the existing Gaussian mixture model EM algorithm. The mean square error analysis of proposed closed‐form skipped filter WLS and existing skipped filter WLS methods is performed. Furthermore, the localisation accuracy of the proposed techniques is found to outperform that of competing algorithms via simulation results.
Security and Privacy in Machine Learning for Health Systems: Strategies and Challenges
Authors: de Aguiar Erikson J. , Traina Caetano , Traina Agma J. M.
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Machine learning (ML) is a powerful asset to support physicians in decision-making procedures, providing timely answers. However, ML for health systems can suffer from security attacks and privacy violations. This paper investigates studies of security and privacy in ML for health.

Methods: We examine attacks, defenses, and privacy-preserving strategies, discussing their challenges. We conducted the following research protocol: starting a manual search, defining the search string, removing duplicated papers, filtering papers by title and abstract, then their full texts, and analyzing their contributions, including strategies and challenges. Finally, we collected and discussed 40 papers on attacks, defense, and privacy.

Results: Our findings identified the most employed strategies for each domain. We found trends in attacks, including universal adversarial perturbation (UAPs), generative adversarial network (GAN)-based attacks, and DeepFakes to generate malicious examples. Trends in defense are adversarial training, GAN-based strategies, and out-of-distribution (OOD) to identify and mitigate adversarial examples (AE). We found privacy-preserving strategies such as federated learning (FL), differential privacy, and combinations of strategies to enhance the FL. Challenges in privacy comprehend the development of attacks that bypass fine-tuning, defenses to calibrate models to improve their robustness, and privacy methods to enhance the FL strategy.

Conclusions: In conclusion, it is critical to explore security and privacy in ML for health, because it has grown risks and open vulnerabilities. Our study presents strategies and challenges to guide research to investigate issues about security and privacy in ML applied to health systems.
Cancer Informatics 2023: Data Sharing and Federating Learning Point Towards New Collaborative Opportunities
Authors: Warner Jeremy L. , Patt Debra ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Cancer Informatics
Published: December 2023

Objective: To summarize significant research contributions on cancer informatics published in 2022.

Methods: An extensive search using PubMed/MEDLINE was conducted to identify the scientific contributions published in 2022 that address topics in cancer informatics. The selection process comprised three steps: (i) ten candidate best papers were first selected by the two section editors, (ii) external reviewers from internationally renowned research teams reviewed each candidate best paper, and (iii) the final selection of three best papers was conducted by the editorial board of the Yearbook.

Results: The three selected best papers demonstrate advances in federated learning, drug synergy prediction, and utilization of clinical note data.

Conclusion: Cancer informatics continues to mature as a subfield of biomedical informatics. Applications of informatics methods to data sharing and federated approaches are especially notable in 2022.
Intersecting Pathways in Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics: A One Health Perspective on Key Contributions and Future Directions
Authors: Benton Mary Lauren , McGrath Scott ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Bioinformatics and Translational Informatics
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To identify and summarize the top bioinformatics and translational informatics (BTI) papers published in 2022 for the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Yearbook 2023.

Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify the top BTI papers, resulting in a set of ten candidate papers. The candidates were reviewed by the section co-editors and external reviewers to select the top three papers from 2022.

Results: From a total of 558 papers, we identified a final candidate list of ten BTI papers for peer-review. These papers apply new statistical frameworks and experimental designs to better capture individual variability in disease and incorporate data that captures differences between single cells and across environmental exposures. In addition, they highlight the importance of model generalization across diverse cohorts and scalability to large medical centers.

Conclusions: We note several important trends in the candidate top BTI papers this year, including a continued focus on developing accurate and scalable computational models to predict disease risk across diverse cohorts and new strategies to capture the molecular heterogeneity of disease.
Human Factors and Organizational Issues: Contributions from 2022
Authors: Senathirajah Yalini , Solomonides Anthony ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Human Factors and Organisational Issues
Published: December 2023

Objectives: To review publications in the field of Human Factors and Organisational Issues (HF&OI) in the year 2022 and to assess major contributions to the subject.

Method: A bibliographic search was conducted following refinement of standardized queries used in previous years. Sources used were PubMed, Web of Science, and referral via references from other papers. The search was carried out in January 2023, and (using the PubMed article type inclusion functionality) included clinical trials, meta-analyses, randomized controlled trials, reviews, case reports, classical articles, clinical studies, observational studies (including veterinary), comparative studies, and pragmatic clinical trials.

Results: Among the 520 returned papers published in 2022 in the various areas of HF&OI, the full review process selected two best papers from among 10 finalists. As in previous years, topics showed development including increased use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and digital health tools, advancement of methodological frameworks for implementation and evaluation as well as design, and trials of specific digital tools.

Conclusions: Recent literature in HF&OI continues to focus on both theoretical advances and practical deployment, with focus on areas of patient-facing digital health, methods for design and evaluation, and attention to implementation barriers.
Broad Trends in Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics
Authors: Diallo Gayo , Bordea Georgeta , Samieri Cécilia ,   Section Editors for the IMIA Yearbook Section on Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics
Published: December 2023

Objectives: The objective of this study is to highlight innovative research and contemporary trends in the area of Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics (PHEI).

Methods: Following a similar approach to last year's edition, a meticulous search was conducted on PubMed (with keywords including topics related to Public Health, Epidemiological Surveillance and Medical Informatics), examining a total of 2,022 scientific publications on Public Health and Epidemiology Informatics (PHEI). The resulting references were thoroughly examined by the three section editors. Subsequently, 10 papers were chosen as potential candidates for the best paper award. These selected papers were then subjected to peer-review by six external reviewers, in addition to the section editors and two chief editors of the IMIA yearbook of medical informatics. Each paper underwent a total of five reviews.

Results: Out of the 539 references retrieved from PubMed, only two were deemed worthy of the best paper award, although four papers had the potential to qualify in total. The first best paper by pertains to a study about the need for a new annotation framework due to inadequacies in existing methods and resources. The second paper elucidates the use of Weibo data to monitor the health of Chinese urbanites. The correlation between air pollution and health sensing was measured via generalized additive models.

Conclusions: One of the primary findings of this edition is the dearth of studies identified for the PHEI section, which represents a significant decline compared to the previous edition. This is particularly surprising given that the post-COVID period should have led to an increased use of information and communication technology for public health issues.
The Fifth United Arab Emirates Obesity Conference, November 4–5, 2023, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Authors: Bondugulapati L. N. Rao , Nawar Rita , Abusahmin Hussam , Ghazanfar Rahat , Beshyah Salem A.
Published: December 2023

The Fifth United Arab Emirates Obesity Conference was held from November 4 to 5, 2023, in Dusit Thani, Abu Dhabi, UAE. The theme of the conference was “What can we do better in obesity management?” The program included several didactic lectures and a question-and-answer time separately or grouped thematically. Over 2 days, the speakers covered the burden, definitions, and evaluation of obesity, including uncommon chromosomal and genetic syndromes associated with obesity in appropriate cases. It highlighted the importance of policy changes for public health improvement and prevention of obesity, the role of multidisciplinary teams in managing persons with obesity holistically, and present and future therapies, including personalized precision medicine backed up by science.
Clinical Benefit of Radioiodine Administration in a Rare Case of Iodine Avid Thyroid Carcinoma with No Secretion of Thyroglobulin
Authors: Mouaden A. , Guerrouj H. , Ghfir I. , Aouad N Ben Rais
Published: December 2023

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is the most common endocrine cancer and its outcome is usually favorable. Its basic treatment is well codified, but its monitoring is much less. The value of thyroglobulin (Tg) is one of the main elements for monitoring DTC, while the use of iodine scintigraphy is becoming less recommended. In this case report, we discuss a clinical situation where a patient presented differentiated thyroid metastatic lesions confirmed by biopsy, uptaking radioactive iodine, with undetectable levels of Tg (in the absence of autoantibodies). We discuss the various hypotheses explaining this clinical situation, the potential advantages of performing periodic iodine scintigraphy in some intermediate and high-risk patients and report the documented clinical benefit of radioiodine therapy.