bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O ideologicznym poziomie interpretacji tekstu prawnego
Authors: Jabłoński Paweł
Published: December 2020

Celem artykułu jest przyjrzenie się temu, co Ryszard Sarkowicz określa mianem ideolo-gicznego poziomu interpretacji tekstu prawnego. W szczególności koncentruję się na zagadnieniu dwóch sposobów odtwarzania tego poziomu. Pierwszy z nich, prowadzony w duchu hermeneutyki zaufania, zakłada, że poziom ten jest spójny. Drugi, w duchu hermeneutyki nieufności, poszukuje niekonsekwencji i sprzeczności na poziomie ideologicznym. Zagadnienia te analizuję na tle ewolucji koncepcji R. Sarkowicza oraz metateoretycznych uwikłań tej teorii.
Homo Iuridicus versus Zoon Politikon — dogmatyka prawnicza a wytwarzanie podmiotu (politycznego)
Authors: Romanowicz Marcin
Published: December 2020

W refleksji nad politycznością prawa i prawoznawstwa wydaje się dominować pogląd, że polityczność poprzedza (chronologicznie lub strukturalnie) prawo. W konsekwencji to anta-gonizmy sfery polityki współkształtują prawo i jego zjawiska (praktykę prawniczą i prawoznaw-stwo). Teza o prymarności polityczności może być jednak poddana weryfikacji w drodze analizy zainicjowanej przez przewrotne pytanie o jurydyczne warunki, bez których nie jest możliwa po-lityczność par excellence. Refleksja nad ikoną Zoon Politikon odsłania warunek polityczności w postaci podmiotowości uczestników sfery politycznej, z kolei sięgnięcie po psychoanalityczną teorię J. Lacana pozwala uchwycić psychodynamikę upodmiotowienia „zwierzęcia mówiącego” (Zoon Logon Echon). Wprowadzenie zakazu (Symbolicznego zakodowanego w prawie) okazu-je się warunkiem sine qua non ludzkiej podmiotowości. Wedle Pierre’a Legendre’a we współ-czesnym społeczeństwie to dogmatyka prawnicza reprodukuje podmiototwórczy Zakaz, a zatem „montuje” człowieka: Homo Iuridius, i „ustanawia jego życie”. Tym sposobem prawo i dogmaty-ka prawnicza ukazują się jako warunki powstania podmiotu (politycznego), a tym samym samej polityczności.
Funkcjonowanie systemu wielopoziomowego w Polsce na przykładzie relacji między poziomem wojewódzkim a lokalnym
Authors: Majcherkiewicz Tatiana
Published: December 2020

The article investigates the formation of a multilevel system in Poland as reported by heads of regional boards governing in the period 1998–2014. Assuming that a modern democratic state (a standard of which is the existence of regional self-government) requires some cooperation among levels that between the central and regional is traditionally recognised as crucial. Nevertheless, it is worth investigating whether a partnership develops between regional and local levels, and what is its form. According to the heads of regional boards, two forms of coordination are critical: first, the formation of a congruent coalition at district level to that in a particular region, and second, close cooperation with cities which had the status of regional capitals.
A Rákóczifalva-Kastélydombon feltárt bronzkori embertani leletek vizsgálatának eredményei
Authors: HAJDU Tamás
Published: December 2020

In 1962, a bi-ritual Bronze Age cemetery (cremation and inhumation burials) were excavated by Zsolt Csalog at Rákóczifalva-Kastélydomb (Jász-Nagykun-Szolnok county, Hungary). The Early Bronze Age skeletons and cremains belonged to the Nagyrév culture. The Late Bronze Age individuals were the bearers of the so-called Rákóczifalva cultural group of the Tumulus culture. The study provides the results of the biological anthropological analysis of human remains buried at Rákóczifalva-Kastélydomb Bronze Age cemetery. Both the inhumated and the cremated remains were very poorly preserved and fragmented. The low number of the investigable skeletons that belonged to the Nagyrév culture did not allow us to make any conclusions about the Early Bronze Age populations lived at Rákóczifalva. However, the publication of the basic anthropological results is relevant because these metric data are the first published data of the populations of the Nagyrév culture. The age distribution of the Late Bronze Age community shows a high percentage of sub-adults in the cemetery, similar to Jánoshida-Berek Tumulus culture community. In Rákóczifalva material the sex distribution was balanced. The pathological alterations that are usually frequent in almost every prehistoric material were observable in this series too (e.g. degenerative alterations of the spine and joints, porotic hyperostosis and entheseal changes).
Az emberi test kültéri hőterhelésének a humán állapothatározóktól való függése
Authors: ZSÁKAI Annamária , FEHÉR Piroska V. , ANNÁR Dorina , KRISTÓF Erzsébet , ÁCS Ferenc
Published: December 2020

A new clothing resistance model for estimating outdoor thermal load of a walking individual has been proposed by our research team. The model is used as a tool to analyse the relationship between clothing resistance (estimated by this new model) and body structural parameters in different weather conditions. More than 3000 children’s and adults’ body structural – BMI, relative fat mass (fatBMI) and relative muscle mass (muscleBMI) data, as well as simulated data of weather conditions having influence on thermal perception were used in the analysis.

The relationship between BMI, fatBMI, muscleBMI and clothing resistance showed very strong relations both in simulated winter and summer conditions, in both sexes in almost every age-group. The bigger the BMI, fatBMI, muscleBMI, the smaller clothing resistance (smaller heating demand) was estimated in winter weather conditions, while the bigger clothing resistance (smaller cooling demand) was estimated in summer weather conditions. Females’ clothing resistance was higher in winter weather conditions, while was smaller in summer conditions than the clothing resistance of their male age-peers having the same relative body mass, fat mass or muscle mass. BMI showed the strongest relations with clothing resistance both in summer and winter thermal stresses. The preliminary results of the project confirmed that age, gender, BMI and presumably relative fat and muscle mass should be built in the procedure of parameterization of clothing resistance.
Potentially Conflictogenic Zones in the Language Consciousness of Bilinguals
Authors:   First Sechenov Moscow State University, Balyasnikova Olga V. , Dmitryuk Natalya V. ,   South Ural State University, Ufimtseva Natalya V. ,   Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the identification, fixation, and analysis of the conflictogenic zones in the content of the associative (psychological) meaning of words in the language consciousness of speakers of the Russian, Kazakh, and Yakut languages / cultures in modern multiethnic society. Comparative studies reveal quantitative and qualitative discrepancies in the structure of the associative meaning of equivalent words in different languages. These discrepancies are potentially conflictogenic in the situations of interlanguage (intercultural) interaction and manifest themselves both on a conscious and unconscious level. The research method of the article is the free associative experiment. It was conducted in the native language of the informants (i.e., Yakut or Kazakh), and Russian. The informants were national-Russian bilinguals (Yakuts and Kazakhs), and Russians — students of various universities, aged 17 to 25, with at least 100 people being in each sample (men and women in equal numbers). The lexemes of the semantic field “family” were chosen as the stimulus words. The experimental material was analyzed using the modified method of semantic gestalt by Yu.N. Karaulov. The results obtained made it possible to identify the existing differences in the content of the language consciousness of the speakers of the Russian, Kazakh, and Yakut languages / cultures and to answer the question of how the content of the language consciousness of bilinguals is affected by their native language and culture. The results of the research can be used to optimize intercultural communication and prevent communicative and other conflicts.
Intercultural Communication in Translingual Literary Text (based on the cycle of A. Zhaksylykov “Dreams of the Damned”)
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Valikova Olga A. , Shchennikova Nina V. , Kulieva Sheker A.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyze the transcultural literary text as a space for the “meeting” of languages and cultures. The modern world exists in the conditions of global transculturalism (F. Ortiz), when sign systems interact, giving rise to new images of the world. The language, which translates into a wide communicative space the elements of the original culture for the author, experiences its influence on itself. The literary text acquires multidimensionality and “convexity” due to the inclusion in it of alternative genre forms, narrative strategies and tactics, archetypes. On the basis of the novel series “Dreams of the Damned”, written by the Kazakh writer A. Zhaksylykov, we demonstrate in this work the mechanisms of “internal intercultural interaction” between Kazakh and Russian cultures, using the methods of hermeneutic commentary, mythopoetic and narrative analysis. We come to the conclusion that cultural content requires the creation of adequate forms of artistic representation. The result is the creation of new novel forms of depiction, the complication of the artistic images of the world and the strengthening of the empathic effect that a literary text can provide.
Jerome Salinger and Heinrich Böll: experience of transcultural creativity
Authors:   Berbekov Kabardino-Balkarian State University, Kuchukova Zukhra A. , Berberov Burkhan A. ,   Institute of Humanitarian Researches — branch of th FSC “Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Berberova Liana B. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2020

The article examines one of the notable in the history of world literature experiences of transcultural creativity on the material of the novels by the American J. Salinger “The Catcher in the Rye” and the German G. Böll “Through the Eyes of the Clown”, linked not only by intertextual calls, but also by the name of R. Wright-Kovaleva, who translated both novels into Russian. Within the framework of such three-dimensional intercultural communication, a wide range of issues related to the phenomena of literary translation, palimpsest, prototext, comparative studies, game poetics are considered. The cultural codes identified by the method of continuous sampling include “the child as a narrator”, “infantilization of society”, “the disease of historical time”, “the lack of culture of Eros”, “art as a spiritual poison”.
Precious resources of Dark Continent: a New Status of African Literature or Regional Augment to World National Literatures?
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Markova Elena A.
Published: December 2020

This article examines literary works of bilingual authors in Nigeria, who create their own national cultural worldviews through the language in which they write, thereby explaining why English in Nigeria is influenced by Nigerian culture. Nigeria is a country that has witnessed a cross-flow of linguistic change due to its inherent multilingualism combined with colonial experiences under British rule, a country where ethnic minorities were referred to as “oil minorities”. Although only two languages are recognized as official languages in Nigeria — Yoruba and English –the problem of multilingualism in Nigeria today remains unexplored, and where there is language contact, there must be a language conflict. Indeed, contiguous languages are often competitive languages and there is no language contact without language conflict. Moreover, the problem of linguistic contact and linguistic conflict exists at three different but interrelated levels: social, psychological and linguistic. The social aspect is related to such issues as the choice of language and its use, the psychological — to the attitude towards language, ethnicity, while the linguistic aspects are focused on the code switching, the donor language intervention, which the English language is. The language conflict has influenced the literary work of Nigerian writers writing in English, which has become an exoglossic language, superimposed on the indigenous languages of the Nigerian peoples. Thus, bilingualism in Nigeria can be considered semi-exoglossic, including English coupled with language mixing.
Âncoras de Carreira e Relações com Estabilidade e Qualidade de Vida Pessoal: Um Estudo com Alunos do Curso de Gestão de Pessoas
Authors: Peçanha Liana Caron Nazaret , Constantino Maria Aparecida Da Cruz , Limongi-França Ana Cristina , Silva Jaqueline Leocadio da
Published: December 2020

Este estudo identifica as Âncoras de Carreira de formandos em Gestão de Pessoas de Taboão da Serra, região metropolitana de São Paulo. A metodologia utilizada foi quantitativa e descritiva. Após revisão bibliográfica, perto de 44% da população de 183 estudantes preencheu o inventário proposto por Schein (1993), traduzido por Dutra e Albuquerque (2009). Estilo de Vida, primeira âncora, foi seguida por Segurança e Estabilidade, que obteve presença mais significativa do que estudos realizados por Tadeucci et all (2005) e Rodrigues, Bouzada e Kilimnik (2007). Levantou-se a hipótese de que renda e classe social desta amostra podem ter impactado os resultados.
Aposentadoria – Oportunidade de Realizar Projetos e/ou Momento de Crise?
Authors: Debetir Emiliana
Published: December 2020

A transição para a aposentadoria pode ser vivenciada como uma oportunidade para a realização de projetos pessoais ou como um momento de crise. Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar a contribuição do programa de orientação para aposentadoria desenvolvido na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para uma vivencia positiva desta fase da vida. Foram entrevistados 52 servidores no período pré-aposentadoria e recém-aposentados, subdivididos em dois grupos, os que participaram e os que não participaram do referido programa. A amostra foi intencional, de maneira que os servidores apresentassem características semelhantes. Utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Observou-se, maior dificuldade na transição para aposentadoria, no grupo que participou do programa. Contudo, a contribuição do programa evidenciou-se nas verbalizações que o destacam como motivador de reflexão e de mudanças atitudinais positivas.
Gestão das Diferenças Humanas nos Espaços Organizacionais
Authors: Pereira Jamille Barbosa Cavalcanti
Published: December 2020

Em torno da gestão da diversidade da força de trabalho não há um consenso sobre como gerenciar as diferenças existentes entre as pessoas nos espaços organizacionais, quando consideradas categorias de identidade social, tais como: o gênero e a etnia/cor da pele. Há quem defenda a ideia de tais diferenças precisam ser consideradas com base no pressuposto de que pessoas pertencentes a tais categorias não têm as mesmas oportunidades dos homens brancos. Mas, há quem adote um posicionamento contrário, por defender critérios meritocráticos onde prevalecem a imparcialidade e a crença nos esforços individuais. Em meio a esse impasse, este ensaio teórico tem por objetivo apresentar um estudo sobre o significado e a representatividade das diferenças humanas em tais espaços, bem como, discutir modelos de gestão com foco na valorização e na dissolução das diferenças sociais existentes entre as pessoas em meio à realidade brasileira. Espera-se com isso, contribuir para o desenvolvimento de diferentes perspectivas e propósitos de estudos voltados para as temáticas em pauta, abrindo assim, uma discussão sobre os seus possíveis cursos de ação no contexto organizacional.
PROFESSOR INICIANTE: DESAFIOS E COMPETÊNCIAS DA CARREIRA DOCENTE DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR E INSERÇÃO NO MERCADO DE TRABALHO
Authors: Bouzada Valéria Christina Parreiras Costa , Kilimnik Zélia Miranda , Oliveira Luiz Cláudio Vieira de
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho analisou desafios e dificuldades de docentes de nível superior, em início de carreira, para inserção no mercado de trabalho, identificando as competências necessárias. Neste estudo de natureza qualitativa, foram realizadas entrevistas individuais com profissionais iniciantes (com até seis anos de atuação). A base teórica provém de Huberman (1995), Saviani (1996), Gauthier (1998), Perrenoud (2000), Zarifian (2001), Pachane (2003) e Veiga (2008). São fatores para ingresso na carreira acadêmica: busca de melhor qualidade de vida; complementação orçamentária; histórico familiar; gosto pela transmissão de conhecimentos. Os problemas indicados relacionam-se à falta de prática acadêmica e de estabilidade na profissão. A inserção do docente no mercado acadêmico necessita de network e de contínua atualização. Muitas vezes, a docência não é a primeira escolha profissional, ocorrendo de forma aleatória. Assim, o conjunto da prática docente fica comprometido pela falta de experiência, de preparação acadêmica do docente e de respaldo institucional. Sugere-se aprimoramento das competências técnicas, inerentes à função, e desenvolvimento de competências de natureza comportamental e teórico-metodológica. Consensualmente, apontou-se que a docência proporciona status ao professor universitário.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DOS MOTIVADORES DE RH NA GESTÃO E RETENÇÃO DE TALENTOS: UM ESTUDO SOBRE JOVENS ENGENHEIROS NA ALCOA
Authors: Walker Elisa Crestana , Ferreira Marcos Aurélio De Araujo
Published: December 2020

Com a expansão da economia observada no Brasil na última década, as organizações passaram a se preocupar com sua competitividade e crescimento no mercado. Some-se a este fator de expansão a limitação de recursos humanos com sólida formação e potencial para agregação de valor à estratégia e temos o cenário do que Michaels & Handfield-Jones (2001) denominaram de "The War for Talent". No Brasil, segundo pesquisas do CNI (2010), 69% das indústrias enfrentam dificuldades com a falta de trabalhadores qualificados, configurando uma competição por talentos devido ao impacto da escassez de profissionais com formação técnica, principalmente engenharia, para enfrentarem e superarem os desafios organizacionais contemporâneos. Agrava-se a situação ao considerarmos o aquecimento da economia com o menor sentimento de vinculo à organização, aumentam os desafios em atrair, desenvolver, gerenciar e reter talentos. Neste contexto destaca-se a importância das empresas perceberem este movimento e entender quais motivadores são relevantes para engajar e reter talentos. Este artigo teve por objetivo identificar os motivadores que influenciam a gestão e retenção de talentos em um estudo de caso na Alcoa, que segundo Yin (2010) é o método indicado quando se necessita de respostas do tipo “como” e “por que”, pois favorece o uso de experimentos, pesquisas históricas e estudos de caso. No presente estudo, as perguntas “por que” e “como” referem-se à contribuição de práticas e políticas de RH na retenção de talentos. Para tanto, trabalhou-se com a combinação de questionários aplicados a 46 (33 homens e 13 mulheres) reconhecidos como talentos para a Alcoa, assim como de análise de práticas de RH no desenvolvimento específico destes talentos e em entrevista em profundidade com a Diretora de RH da organização. Verificou-se ao final da pesquisa que a definição de talentos, a exemplo da bibliografia disponível, é ampla, logo, também gestão de talentos precisa ser melhor estudada. Finalmente, que os motivadores financeiros podem ser eficientes na atração, contudo são aqueles associados à gestão de pessoas, à cultura e à imagem da organização que fortalecem o sentimento de pertencimento, elevando a efetividade no desenvolvimento e retenção daqueles considerados talentos. Tal conclusão reforça a teoria de Dewhurst, Guthridge e Mohr (2009), que salienta que alguns motivadores não financeiros são mais efetivos na construção de um relacionamento de longo prazo entre a organização e os profissionais, do que os motivadores financeiros.
AS RELAÇÕES DE TRABALHO EM UM HOSPITAL PÚBLICO E A INFLUÊNCIA DO GÊNERO E ETNIA NA GESTÃO: UM ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Barbosa Rosimar Pereira , Campos Mariana Do Amaral , Santos Julyana Moreira
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as relações de trabalho em um hospital público,verificando de que forma as questões de gênero e etnia influenciam a gestão do hospital e deque modo os funcionários se enxergam dentro da organização sob a ótica do gênero e etnia, ese essa percepção interfere nas relações de trabalho e de que maneira isso ocorre. Buscou-seidentificar a existência de desigualdades relacionadas aos salários pagos aos homens emulheres que desempenham as mesmas funções. Havia a finalidade ainda de observar asidentidades ligadas à evolução de cargos e salários, ocupação de cargos de chefia e controle.Procurou-se avaliar as desigualdades relevantes para em seguida delinear a construção dealternativas para uma proposta de intervenção social, visto que estudos sobre gênero, etnia ediscriminação no trabalho são poucos, principalmente na área de gestão hospitalar. Embora asconclusões deste trabalho não possam ser generalizadas por se tratar de um estudo de caso,observa-se que no Hospital Municipal Central de Osasco (HMCO) da amostra analisada nãoforam apresentadas diferenças nos valores dos rendimentos de homens e mulheres quandoanalisados dados e número de vagas ocupadas por elas e quanto á percepção sobre odesempenho do cargo/função a opinião ficou dividida em 50%, mas 64% acreditam queexistem sim preconceitos em relação ao gênero.
Plan de marketing para la unidad de negocios en proyectos ambientales de la empresa Spena Group SAC
Authors:   , Solano Morales José Miguel , Pérez Garay Ana Nora , Flores Bedoya Johana Margaret
Published: December 2020

El presente estudio propone un plan de marketing, el cual se enfoca en la unidad de negocios de proyectos ambientales la cual constituye el corazón de las ventas de la organización. El mismo, hace un paseo por las condiciones internas y externas de Spena Group que permiten definir las estrategias funcionales propuestas, así como su cuantificación en metas y desembolsos requeridos. El trabajo se constituye entonces como un aporte para ayudar a la toma de decisiones comerciales de la empresa y su crecimiento respectivo.
Clima escolar en el aula, en estudiantes del 6° grado de primaria de una institución educativa pública del Callao
Authors:   , Arteaga Matos Ayde Ysabel
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación tuvo como principal objetivo determinar el nivel del clima escolar en el aula, en estudiantes del sexto grado de Primaria de una institución formativa pública del Callao.
3-Isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine is neutrally perceived by consumers at usual concentrations in French Sauvignon and Fer wines from the Gaillac area
Authors: GEFFROY Olivier , Armario Mélanie , Fontaine Axel , Fourure Marie , Pasquier Grégory , Semadeni Tiphaine , Chervin Christian
Published: December 2020

3-isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IBMP) is a grape-derived aroma compound responsible for the bell pepper character of wine. It is still unclear whether this molecule is always negatively perceived by consumers. The objective of this study was to establish a consumer rejection threshold (CRT) for IBMP in French white and red wines from the Gaillac area made from Sauvignon and Fer respectively.The best estimate thresholds (BET) were determined by carrying out three-alternative forced choice (3-AFC) tests: 5.5 ng/L for Sauvignon and 16.8 ng/L for Fer. For the estimation of the CRT, consumers (n = 48) received pairs of samples consisting of a base wine and a base wine spiked with an ascending concentration of IBMP. They were asked to indicate which sample they preferred, and the CRT was calculated as the concentration for which the spiked sample was significantly rejected. CRTs were determined at 50 ng/L and 30 ng/L for Sauvignon and Fer respectively.Our findings indicate that IBMP is more acceptable in white wine than in red wine. As IBMP concentrations reported in the literature for Sauvignon and Fer are generally below CRT concentrations, IBMP appears to be neutrally perceived by consumers at usual concentrations in wines from Gaillac made from these two cultivars.Our findings tend to contradict the belief in the wine industry that consumers systematically reject ‘vegetative’ styles of wines, and do not encourage local winegrowers and winemakers to necessarily implement viticultural or enological practices to minimise IBMP concentrations in wine.
On the Effectiveness of Bayesian AutoML methods for Physics Emulators
Authors: Mitra Peetak , Dal Santo Niccolò , Haghshenas Majid , Mitra Shounak , Daly Conor , P. Schmidt David
Published: December 2020

The adoption of Machine Learning (ML) for building emulators for complex physical processes has seen an exponential rise in the recent years. While neural networks are good function approximators, optimizing the hyper-parameters of the network to reach a global minimum is not trivial, and often needs human knowl- edge and expertise. In this light, automatic ML or autoML methods have gained large interest as they automate the process of network hyper-parameter tuning. In addition, Neural Architecture Search (NAS) has shown promising outcomes for improving model performance. While autoML methods have grown in popularity for image, text and other applications, their effectiveness for high-dimensional, complex scientific datasets remains to be investigated. In this work, a data driven emulator for turbulence closure terms in the context of Large Eddy Simulation (LES) models is trained using Artificial Neural Networks and an autoML frame- work based on Bayesian Optimization, incorporating priors to jointly optimize the hyper-parameters as well as conduct a full neural network architecture search to converge to a global minima, is proposed. Additionally, we compare the effect of using different network weight initializations and optimizers such as ADAM, SGDM and RMSProp, to explore the best performing setting. Weight and function space similarities during the optimization trajectory are investigated, and critical differences in the learning process evolution are noted and compared to theory. We observe ADAM optimizer and Glorot initialization consistently performs better, while RMSProp outperforms SGDM as the latter appears to have been stuck at a local minima. Therefore, this autoML BayesOpt framework provides a means to choose the best hyper-parameter settings for a given dataset.
From Basic to Applied Knowledge: Larval Development and Sex Morphology to Control Leucoptera coffeella (Lepidoptera: Lyonetiidae)
Authors: Motta Isabela , Dantas Juliana , Vidal Leonardo , Bilio João , Pujol-Luz José Roberto , Albuquerque Érika V. S.
Published: December 2020

The coffee leaf miner Leucoptera coffeella (Guérin-Mèneville & Perrottet), is a key pest in coffee producing countries. During their development, the larvae feed on the palisade parenchyma of the leaves forming mines. As a result, the photosynthetic area of the plant decreases, affecting coffee production. Despite the severity of the damage caused by coffee leaf miner (CLM), morphological aspects of the larval development and the adult genitalia remain unknown. It is important to identify more susceptible targets to an efficient and narrow control by natural or synthetic approaches, relies on determining the larval instars. Equally important is the sexing of the adult, in experiments aiming efficient ways to control CLM, as the study of pheromone-based control methods. This work presents the first morphological description of the four larval instars and the adult genitalia of L. coffeella. In each larval instar, we measured the Mean ± SD (mm) of the cephalic capsules (1st 0,14±0,03; 2nd 0,25±0,04; 3rd 0,32±0,03; 4th 0,42±0,03) and observed the following morphological details: primary setae, prolegs, crochets and ecdysial line of the cephalic capsule. In the adults, we observed the sexual structures present in both genitalia: male - bulbus ejaculatorius, valva, anellus, gnathos and aedeagus and female - ovipositor, sclerite and corpus bursae. The dissection of the adult specimens confirmed that the external morphology corresponds to the correct sex attribution in CLM adults. These results may support innovative and improved control strategies for CLM Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
DOCKING MOLEKULER SENYAWA 5,5’-DIBROMOMETILSESAMIN
Authors: Pratama Andi Anugrah , Rifai Yusnita , Marzuki Asnah
Published: December 2020

Docking molekuler merupakan simulasi secara komputasi yang digunakan untuk memprediksi ikatan antara obat/ligan dan reseptor/protein dengan memasangkan suatu molekul kecil (ligan) pada sisi aktif dari reseptor, yang sampai saat ini banyak digunakan dalam proses penemuan dan pengembangan obat baru dengan aktivitas yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan docking molekul dan pemodelan struktur senyawa 5,5’-dibromometilsesamin yang diduga memiliki afinitas terhadap reseptor SMO. Pada penelitian ini, terlebih dahulu dilakukan pemodelan senyawa 5,5’-dibromometilsesamin dan dilakukan optimasi geometri senyawa 5,5’-dibromometilsesamin. Proses docking yang dilakukan melalui tahap preparasi ligan, preparasi reseptor dan simulasi docking. Proses preparasi ligan dilakukan dengan protonasi senyawa 5,5’-dibromometilsesamin. Proses preparasi reseptor dilakukan dengan menghapus molekul air pada reseptor kemudian dilakukan protonasi reseptor. Proses simulasi docking dilakukan setelah proses preparasi ligan dan reseptor telah selesai.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa molekul 5,5’-dibromometilsesamin memiliki afinitas pada reseptor SMO (kode pdb 4O9R) dengan Docking score yaitu -7.8500 dan residu asam amino yang terikat yaitu Glu518.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK TEMU PUTIH (Curcuma zedoaria (Berg.) Roscoe) TERHADAP KADAR ENZIM LDH TIKUS PUTIH (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ASAP ROKOK
Authors: Bahrun Mu'minisa , Mamada Sukamto S. , Lallo Subehan , Sumarheni Sumarheni
Published: December 2020

Partikel-partikel asap rokok diketahui mengandung tingkat radikal bebas tinggi yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan atau kematian sel organ-organ di dalam tubuh. Peningkatan enzim Laktat dehidrogenase (LDH) dapat digunakan sebagai biomarker pada saat terjadi kerusakan atau kematian sel tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek terapi dari ekstrak temu putih (ETP) terhadap kadar enzim LDH tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksi asap rokok. Sebanyak 12 ekor tikus diinduksi asap rokok selama 30 menit dengan menggunakan 10 batang rokok perhari kemudian diberikan vitamin C dosis 100mg/ml sebagai kontrol positif, ETP dengan dosis 70mg/200gBB dan dosis 105mg/200gBB. Penginduksian dilakukan selama 30 hari kemudian dilakukan pengambilan sampel darah. Pengukuran kadar enzim LDH menggunakan reagen kit diagnostik pada instrument ABX Pentra 400. Uji Oneway ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ETP secara peroral pada hewan coba tikus menunjukkan penurunan kadar LDH pada setiap dosis yang digunakan yaitu 70mg/200gBB dan 105mg/200gBB dengan perbedaan secara nyata dibandingkan kelompok kontrol negatif (p<0,05). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ETP dosis 70 mg/200gBB dan 105mg/200gBB memberikan efek terapi dengan menurunkan kadar enzim LDH pada tikus yang diinduksi asap rokok.
MIKROENKAPSULASI ASAM MEFENAMAT MENGGUNAKAN POLIMER HIDROKSI PROPIL METIL SELULOSA DAN NATRIUM ALGINAT DENGAN METODE GELAS IONIK
Authors: Mardikasari Sandra Aulia , Suryani Suryani , Akib Nur Illiyyin , Sahumena Muhammad Handoyo , Hastuti Sri , Putri Suci Ananda
Published: December 2020

Asam mefenamat bersifat rentan terhadap cahaya maupun terhadap udara dan kelembaban. Selain itu asam mefenamat memiliki waktu paruh yang sempit, dapat menyebabkan peningkatan resiko gangguan gastrointestinal termasuk iritasi lambung pada penggunaan jangka panjang. Teknologi Mikroenkapsulasi merupakan proses penyalutan bahan aktif berupa cairan ataupun padatan dengan lapisan yang relatif tipis dengan ukuran partikel yang sangat kecil antara 0,2-5000 μm. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan preparasi mikroenkapsulasi terhadap asam mefenamat menggunakan polimer Hidroksi Propil Metil Selulosa (HPMC) dan Natrium alginat dengan metode gelasi ionik lalu mengkarakterisasi hasil mikrokapsul yang diperoleh. Preparasi mikroenkapsulasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan konsentrasi polimer yang digunakan, dibuat dalam 3 formula. Parameter  karakterisasi meliputi penetapan efisiensi penjerapan, distribusi ukuran partikel, bentuk partikel dan pengujian disolusi. Hasil karakterisasi menujukan mikroenkapsulasi Asam Mefenamat yang dihasilkan memiliki bentuk partikel yang spheris, dengan nilai efisiensi penjerapan terbesar yaitu 67,53% untuk perbandingan HPMC dan  natrium alginat masing-masing 4 : 1, sedangkan distribusi ukuran partikel bervariasi dengan ukuran terkecil yakni 1.105 , untuk hasil pengujian disolusi pada medium asam  diperoleh konsentrasi pelepasan obat  terbesar adalah 10,39 mg/L dan medium basa sebesar 74,456mg/mL. Penelitian Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa asam mefenamat dapat dipreparasi dengan teknik mikroenkapsulasi sehingga dapat mengatasi beberapa kekurangan asam mefenamat.
SKRINING FITOKIMIA EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH NANGKA (Artocarpus heterophyllus) DAN AKTIFITAS ANTIOKSIDANNYA TERHADAP [2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)] (ABTS)
Authors: Raihan Muhammad , Taqwa Naufal , Hanifah A Rifka , Lallo Subehan , Ismail Ismail , Amir Muhammad Nur
Published: December 2020

Buah Nangka (A. heterophyllus) merupakan salah satu komoditi utama buah-buahan di Indonesia dengan tingkat nutrisi dan kandungan kimia yang bermanfaat dan beragam. Limbah kulit buah nangka diduga juga mengandung metabolit sekunder yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai senyawa sumber antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis senyawa yang terdapat pada ekstrak kulit buah dan mengukur aktivitas antioksidannya terhadap ABTS. Golongan senyawa diuji dengan menggunakan pereaksi untuk mengetahui kandungan kimia dalam ekstrak kulit buah nangka berupa antara lain flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin/fenolik, saponin, terpenoid. Profil KLT yang diperoleh menggunakan densitometer menunjukkan nilai Rf 0.27 dan 0.40 kemungkinan merupakan senyawa flavonoid sedangkan pada Rf 0.9 dideteksi positif untuk senyawa terpenoid. Uji aktivitas antioksidan terhadap hasil fraksinasi esktrak kulit buah nangka menujukkan bahwa fraksi 3 menghasilkan nilai IC50 yang paling besar di antara fraksi-fraksi kulit buah nangka dengan nilai sebesar 87.09 μg/ml terhadap ABTS
ANALISIS RESIDU PESTISIDA KLORPIRIFOS PADA CABAI (Capsicum sp.) DARI DESA BUNGIN KECAMATAN BUNGIN KABUPATEN ENREKANG
Authors: Damaiyanti Damaiyanti , Yulianty Risfah , Marzuki Asnah , Kasim Syaharuddin , Rante Herlina
Published: December 2020

Cabai merupakan salah satu komoditas yang berkontribusi besar pada inflasi di Indonesia. Produksi cabai sering mengalami serangan hama dan penyakit yang merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kegagalan panen. Akibat dari serangan hama tersebut dapat mencapai kerugian sebesar 40-50%. Kerugin tersebut menyebabkan petani tidak mau mengambil resiko dan menempuh jalan yang singkat yaitu denga penggunaan pestisida kimia secara berlebihan yang secara tidak langsung dapat meninggalkan residu pestisida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kadar residu pestisida klorpirifos dan propenofos yang terdapat dalam cabai. Sampel diambil dari desa Bungin kecamatan Bungin kabupaten Enrekang dan  diekstraksi menggunakan metode QuEChERS dan dianalisis dengan alat GC/MS, sehingga diperoleh hasil bahwa cabai merah, cabai keriting dan cabai rawit mengandung pestisida dengan bahan aktif klorfirifos yang ditandai dengan munculnya peak pada menit ke 6 dengan base 314 m/z, dan konsetrasi masing-masing 0,0312; 0,0311; dan 0,0627 ppm; namun masih aman untuk di konsumsi karena masih di bawah batas maksimum residu yang di perbolehkan yaitu 20 ppm untuk pestisida klorpirifos.
POTENTIAL ANTICANCER ACTIVITY IN-VITRO FROM EXTRACT OF Turbinaria decurrens Bory
Authors: Sami Fitriyanti Jumaetri
Published: December 2020

Cancer is one of the biggest causes of death in the world, not least in Indonesia. Brown algae (T. decurrens Bory) is one of the marine organisms that can be used as a source of natural medicinal ingredients. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential cytotoxicity of extracts of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol from T. decurrens Bory against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and H460 lung cancer cells. Samples were extracted using multilevel maceration methods using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Cytotoxicity activity was carried out by the MTT method (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2) -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). The results showed that all extracts of T. decurrens Bory were potential as anticancer. Ethyl acetate extract can inhibit cancer cells at a concentration of 10 µg / mL with more than 50% cytotoxicity compared to other extracts, both against MCF-7 and H460 cells.
IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENENTUAN KADAR KATEKIN DARI SEDUHAN DAN EKTRAK ETANOL PRODUK TEH HIJAU (Camelia sinensi L) KOMERSIAL SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VISIBLE
Authors: Nur Syamsu
Published: December 2020

Teh hijau merupakan salah satu jenis minuman kesehatan yang mengandung golongan senyawa polifenol dan memiliki banyak manfaat. Jenis senyawa polifenol yang banyak ditemukan pada teh hijau adalah kandungan katekin. Pada penelitian ini telah dikaji kandungan senyawa katekin dari produk teh hijau kemasan yang merupakan produk komersial dari Indonesia (A), Thailand (B) dan Jepang (C). Teh hijau kemasan diekstraksi dengan cara diseduh pada suhu dan waktu yang berbeda serta ekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Identifikasi kandungan katekin dilakukan menggunakan reagen kimia dan spektrofotometer UV-Vis serta penentuan kadarnya dilakukan  secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa teh hijau mengandung senyawa epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) sesuai dengan adanya perubahan warna berdasarkan reagen kimia dan spektrum UV yang memiliki λmax pada kisaran 270-274 nm. Hasil uji kuantitatif secara spektrofotometri UV-Vis menunjukkan bahwa ekstraksi dengan cara penyeduhan pada teh hijau B memiliki kadar katekin tertinggi yang diikuti berturut-turut pada sampel A dan C. Sedangkan kadar katekin dari hasil maserasi menggunakan etanol 70% pada teh hijau A memiliki kadar katekin tertinggi diikuti teh hijau C dan B.
PENGGUNAAN STATIN DAN ANTIPLATELET SEBAGAI PENCEGAHAN SEKUNDER KOMPLIKASI KARDIOVASKULER PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2
Authors: Ratnasari Pande Made Desy , Kurnianta Putu Dian Marani , Prasetya Anak Agung Ngurah Putra Riana
Published: December 2020

Resistensi insulin pada pasien diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya komplikasi kardiovaskuler yang selanjutnya dapat berkontribusi sebagai penyebab utama kematian. Resistensi insulin meningkatkan kerentanan pasien mengalami aterosklerosis dan menimbulkan gangguan pada fungsi platelet di pembuluh darah yang dapat berdampak pada peningkatan risiko komplikasi kardiovaskuler. Sebagai salah satu upaya untuk mencegah dan mengurangi risiko tersebut, Canadian Cardiovascular Society Guidelines tahun 2011 dan American Diabetes Association tahun 2019 merekomendasikan penggunaan golongan statin dan antiplatelet sebagai upaya pencegahan sekunder komplikasi kardiovaskuler pada pasien DM tipe 2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran penggunaan statin dan antiplatelet sebagai pencegahan sekunder pada pasien DM tipe 2 dengan komplikasi kardiovaskuler. Penelitian ini bersifat observasional dengan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan pada 110 pasien di RSU Puri Raharja Denpasar Bali periode November 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 110 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria penggunaan statin, hanya 42 pasien (38,1%) yang menggunakan statin (simvastatin 20 mg; 95,2%). Selain itu, dari total 96 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria penggunaan antiplatelet, hanya 52 pasien (47,3%) yang menggunakan antiplatelet (aspirin 80 mg; 82,7%). Penelitian ini merefleksikan penggunaan statin yang masih rendah dalam upaya pencegahan sekunder komplikasi kardiovaskuler pada pasien DM tipe 2. Meskipun terdapat kecenderungan tingkat penggunaan antiplatelet aspirin yang lebih tinggi daripada statin dalam penelitian ini, pemberian aspirin selanjutnya masih perlu ditingkatkan lagi bersama-sama dengan peningkatan pemberian statin.
PEMODELAN MOLEKUL SENYAWA TURUNAN KOJIC ACID SERTA INTERAKSINYA DENGAN ENZIM TIROSINASE
Authors: Permadi Fazrul
Published: December 2020

Studi HKSA dilakukan pada turunan kojyl thioether sebagai inhibitor tirosinase. Perhitungan prediktotr dilakukan menggunakan aplikasi hyperchem 8.0 dengan metode optimasi geometri semi-empirik PM3. Analisis regresi multilinier menggunakan SPSS 25.0 untuk mencari hubungan antara prediktor dan aktivitas senyawa turunan kojyl thioether sebagai inhibitor tirosinase. Model persamaan HKSA terbaik adalah  :pIC50 = -922.517 + 15.872*ELUMO – 436.654*qC4 – 209.509*qC5 + 1.0008*Eintn = 14; m = 4; r = 0.949; R2 = 0.901; PRESS = 3.0469; q2 = 0.8246Berdasarkan persamaan HKSA diatas didapatkan 4 senyawa baru turunun kojyl thioether yang bisa dijadikan sebagai analog inhibitor tirosinase yang baru. Parameter pemilihan senyawa tersebut karena memiliki aktivitas yang lebih baik sebagai inhibitor tirosinase dibandingkan senyawa penuntun, tidak hepatotoksik, tidak menimbulkan AMES Toxicity, tidak menimbulkan skin sensititasion dan LD50 pada tikus masuk kategori relative tidak membahayakan. Untuk melihat interaksi antara senyawa turunun kojyl thioether dengan enzim tirosinase dilakukan docking menggunakan Autodock vina yang visualisasinya menggunakan discovery studio 2020 client. Hasil docking menunjukkan bahwa semua senyawa setidaknya memiliki satu interaksi pada residu asam amino yang sama dengan native ligan. yaitu Val283.
Chronic Kidney Disease: Current State of the Problem
Authors: Batiushin M. M.
Published: December 2020

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by increasing prevalence, catalyzing properties in relation to cardiovascular and general mortality, and, in most cases, is asymptomatic, which means late diagnostic verifiability. The global average prevalence of CKD is 13.4%, and CKD C3-5 is 10.6%. The main causes of CKD C5 are diabetes mellitus (DM, 46.9%), hypertension (28.8%) and to a lesser extent, glomerulonephritis (7.1%) and polycystic diseases (2.8%), while other causes account for a total of 14.4%. Despite the simple diagnosis of CKD, one of the key problems of modern therapeutic and pediatric clinics is its low detection rate at the early stages, which, according to some data, reaches 96.6%. This review provides data on the criteria for the diagnosis of CKD, as well as more detailed consideration of the course of CKD in patients with DM, hypertension, and heart failure. Attention is paid to the medicinal origin of CKD, as well as to the development of anxiety and depressive disorders in CKD. General issues of treatment of patients with CKD are considered in detail. Lifestyle changes are an important part of the fight against the development and progression of CKD. Currently, Smoking, alcohol, and physical inactivity have been shown to have a harmful effect on the risk of developing and progressing CKD. Diet plays a certain preventive role. The main drugs with nephroprotective properties are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. Both classes of drugs are effective in proteinuric forms of nephropathies and in combination/association of CKD with diabetes or hypertension. The review also provides data on the nephroprotective properties of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, endothelin receptor antagonists, and sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors. Given the high importance of identifying and effectively treating patients with CKD, it is necessary to focus on early detection of CKD, especially in high-risk groups. It is necessary to raise public awareness by creating and implementing programs for primary prevention of CKD, as well as awareness of patients, motivating them to follow the doctor's recommendations for a long time, including as part of the implementation of a non-drug strategy to combat CKD. It is important to use the full range of methods of drug therapy for CKD, including measures of universal nephroprotection. It should be remembered that the cost of late diagnosis of CKD is a reduction in life expectancy, primarily due to high rates of cardiovascular mortality, disability, and high-cost medication and kidney replacement therapy.
НЕОБХОДИМОСТЬ И БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ФАВИПИРАВИРА В ЛЕЧЕНИИ ВЗРОСЛЫХ ПАЦИЕНТОВ С COVID-19
Authors: Руженцова Татьяна , Хавкина Дарья , Чухляев Павел , Гарбузов Александр , Никольская Мария , Разживина Виктория , Филон Ольга
Published: December 2020

В статье представлены результаты исследования безопасности и необходимости применения препарата фавипиравира в лечении пациентов с нетяжелыми формами COVID-19, по сравнению с другой этиотропной терапией (умифеновир, гироксихлорохин). Цель исследования – обосновать необходимость и безопасность применения фавипиравира в терапии нетяжелых форм COVID-19 у взрослых пациентов. Материалы и методы В исследование было включено 168 пациентов. Из них 108 получали в качестве этиотропной терапии препарат фавипиравир (основная группа), а 55 (группа сравнения) - умифеновир и/или гидроксихлорохин. В качестве основных точек исследования сравнивали быстроту клинического улучшения по шкале ВОЗ и срок элиминации вируса, наличие или отсутствие нежелательных явлений, вызванных непосредственно принимаемыми препаратами, а также их выраженность. Результаты В обеих группах были зарегистрированы нежелательные явления. Наиболее часто среди всех пациентов в обеих группах отмечали кратковременное повышение печеночных трансаминаз. В основной группе более частым нежелательным явлением была гиперурекимия, что является ожидаемой реакцией и корректируется с отменой препарата без отдаленных последствий. При этом в основной группе зафиксирована более быстрая элиминация вируса: на 3-й день - у 71,4% пациентов в группе фавипиравира и у 57,1% в группе стандартной терапии, а на 5-й день: у 81,2% и 67,9%, соответственно. Клиническое улучшение в основной группе наступало на 4 дня раньше, чем в группе сравнения (p = 0,005). Выводы 1. Применение этиотропной терапии при лечении COVID-19 на ранних этапах и при нетяжелых формах заболевания оправдано, необходимо и способствует снижению риска перехода инфекции в хроническую форму. 2. Выбор фавипиравира в качестве стартового препарата обоснован достаточно ранней элиминацией вируса SARS-CoV-2 и значительно более ранним наступлением клинического улучшения по шкале ВОЗ – на 4 дня раньше, чем при приёме умифеновира или гидроксихлорохина. 3. При оценке профиля безопасности фавипиравира серьезных нежелательных явлений отмечено не было. Однако при его назначении следует помнить о том, что он противопоказан к применению у беременных женщин в связи с тератогенным влиянием на плод. Кроме того, его применение требует дополнительной контрацепции при приеме препарата, как мужчинам, так и женщинам на всем протяжении приема и в течение трех месяцев после.
Reconstruction of Quadriceps Muscle Function Using the Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Transfer in an Elderly Patient
Authors: Huayllani Maria T. , Boczar Daniel , Murray Peter M. , Sherman Courtney E. , Wilke Benjamin K. , Forte Antonio J.
Published: December 2020

Case:

We report a case of a 71-year-old man diagnosed with high-grade undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma in the left thigh. He underwent partial resection of the quadriceps and proximal femoral bone, followed by reconstruction with a latissimus dorsi free muscle flap through end-to-end vascular and nerve anastomosis with the femoral vessels and a branch of the femoral nerve, respectively. Recovery of 3/5 knee extension function was achieved 3 months postsurgery without complications.

Conclusion:

Free neurotized latissimus dorsi muscle transfer is a successful reconstructive option to restore knee extension after quadriceps resection.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV.