bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Historicizing the Miraculous: Muslim Traditionalism and Colonial Modernity
Authors: Tareen SherAli
Published: August 2023

The text introduced and translated below represents a fragment from the narration and proceedings of an interreligious polemical festival known as “The Festival of Deciding (or Recognizing) the (True) God” (Melah-e Ḳhudā-shināsī) that was held for two consecutive years in 1875 and 1876 in the village of Chandāpūr in the Shāhjahānpūr district of the United Provinces (UP). More specifically, the translation below presents the discourses of the leading Muslim scholar who participated at this event also featuring major Hindu scholars and Christian missionaries, Muḥammad Qāsim Nānautvī (d. 1877), one of the founders of the prestigious Islamic seminary the Deoband Madrasa, on the questions of prophetic miracles and the normative status of Hindu avatars in Islam. Nānautvī’s discourse on these issues showcases an excellent example of the confluence of Muslim traditionalism and resoundingly modern logics of religion and history.
Catostemma lanceolatum (Malvaceae/Bombacoideae/Adansonieae), a new species from the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: FERREIRA CARLOS D. M. , ALVERSON WILLIAM S. , DEMARCHI LAYON O. , BOVINI MASSIMO G. , BAUMGRATZ JOSÉ F. A.
Published: August 2023

We describe Catostemma lanceolatum, a new species endemic to the Brazilian Amazon, which at present is known only in the state of Amazonas. This new taxon is similar to C. altsonii, mainly by the length of its pedicels, but can be distinguished by the shape of its leaflets, the shape and size of the bracteoles, size of its hypanthium, number of calyx lobes, and the number and length of its filaments. We present a morphological description, taxonomic comments, an illustration, a distribution map, an assessment of its conservation status, and a comparative analysis of the new species and C. altsonii, the most morphologically similar species.
Review of Paraclius arcuatus species-group (Diptera, Dolichopodidae) with description of two new species
Authors: SOARES MATHEUS M.M. , RUNYON JUSTIN B. , CAPELLARI RENATO S. , ROCHA ROSALY ALE-
Published: August 2023

The Paraclius arcuatus species-group is reviewed and includes the following seven species: P. angusticauda Van Duzee, 1933, P. angustipennis Van Duzee, 1929, P. arcuatus (Loew, 1861), P. brooksi sp. nov., P. elongatus Van Duzee, 1930, P. pumilio Loew, 1872, and P. xibun sp. nov. Paraclius angustipennis, P. arcuatus and P. pumilio are redescribed based on photographs of types and additional specimens. Paraclius femoratus Aldrich, 1901 is synonymized with P. arcuatus, syn. nov. and Paraclius magnicornis Van Duzee, 1927 is regarded as a junior synonym of P. pumilio, syn. nov. An identification key, distribution maps and high-resolution photographs of species are provided. In addition, the systematic position of Paraclius is discussed.
Revision of goblin spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, Southwest Japan, with description of a new species
Authors: SUZUKI YUYA , HIDAKA RYOTA , TATSUTA HARUKI
Published: August 2023

We revised the fauna of goblin spiders (Oonopidae) in the Nansei Islands, southwest Japan, and recognized 12 species of seven genera. Eleven of them were described species, namely, Gamasomorpha cataphracta Karsch, 1881, Heteroonops spinimanus (Simon, 1892), Ischnothyreus narutomii (Nakatsudi, 1942), Ischnothyreus peltifer (Simon, 1891), Ischnothyreus velox Jackson, 1908, Opopaea cornuta Yin & Wang, 1984, Opopaea deserticola Simon, 1892, Opopaea syarakui (Komatsu, 1967), Orchestina flava Ono, 2005, Xestaspis parmata (Thorell, 1890), and Xyphinus karschi (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906). A new species is described under the name of Ischnothyreus ogatai sp. nov. This paper provides photographs of each oonopid species, notes on habitat and distribution, and keys to the species. A detailed description of I. ogatai sp. nov. (for both sexes), morphological data regarding three species newly added to the Japanese fauna (X. parmata, I. velox, and O. cornata), and additional data on the genital morphology of G. cataphracta are also presented.
Cis occamy sp. nov, the first representative of the Cis bilamellatus species-group (Coleoptera, Ciidae) in the Neotropical region
Authors: ROSA-OLIVEIRA AYESSA , LOPES-ANDRADE CRISTIANO
Published: August 2023

Cis occamy sp. nov. is described based on specimens collected at six localities within the Atlantic Forest of the South and Southeast Regions of Brazil. It is the first Neotropical species of the Cis bilamellatus species-group, an aggregate of Cis species in which males have a single plate on both the anterocephalic and anterior pronotal edges, females have a pronotum usually widest near the posterior edge and gradually narrowing anteriorly, and both sexes have dual elytral vestiture. Cis occamy sp. nov. is morphologically similar to the Australian Cis australis Blackburn and Cis walkeri Blair, but differs from both in the sparser pronotal punctation and vestiture, and in the males with anterocephalic edge broadly emarginate apically (barely emarginate in C. australis and not emarginate in C. walkeri) and the tegmen subparallel-sided for most of its length (conspicuously sinuous in C. australis and C. walkeri). Available data on host fungi and geographical distribution of the new species are also provided.
Two new species of Kiekie Polotow & Brescovit, 2018 (Araneae: Ctenidae) from the highlands of Panama
Authors: OMELKO MIKHAIL M.
Published: August 2023

Two new species, Kiekie almae sp. n. and K. dietrichi sp. n. are described based on both sexes collected in highlands of Central America (Panama). Live males and females of both species were photographed in situ. A distribution map of all Panamanian Kiekie species is given based on new and literature-derived records.
Digital Transformation
Authors: Cöster Mathias , Danielson Mats , Ekenberg Love , Gullberg Cecilia , Titlestad Gard , Westelius Alf , Wettergren Gunnar
Published: August 2023

Whilst digitisation is far from a new concept, many assume that simply introducing automation and information systems in various forms will be enough to make their organisation’s operations more efficient. This misconception can often lead to disarray and costly mistakes. Digital Transformation: Understanding Business Goals, Risks, Processes, and Decisions shows how to avoid such issues via careful consideration of what an enterprise really needs.

Unlike many other books on digital transformation, the authors do not dwell on database design or the details of implementing information systems. Instead, they emphasise the importance of a clear understanding of all aspects of an organisation in order to effectively implement and manage digital systems, from business goals and strategies to structuring information and making decisions, risk assessments, project management, organising, and procuring services and products.

Organised in eleven chapters, and drawing on examples from all over the world, this book will be of interest to university students of business administration, management, information systems, and computer science, as well as practitioners seeking to better understand how to handle digital transformation in their own organisation.
Mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of Ti-6Al-4V prepared by selective laser melting in high layer thickness
Authors: Chen Zhengjie , Ye Jinwen , Jin Na , Huang Ke
Published: August 2023

High layer thickness is a method used to improve the formation efficiency of selective laser melting (SLM). In order to investigate the evolution of Ti-6Al-4V microstructure in the case of high layer thickness and to maintain the mechanical properties of specimens in high layer thickness,
Ti-6Al-4V samples were prepared by SLM at 100 μm layer thickness. In this work, the mechanical properties of the specimens were tested by universal mechanical testing machine, Vickers hardness tester and Archimedes drainage method. The optimum ultimate tensile strength, yield strength
and elongation were 1213 MPa, 819 MPa and 4.63%, respectively, and the maximum density reached 99.26%. The optimum lateral hardness and top hardness were 406.1 HV10 and 391 HV10, respectively. The microstructure of the samples was characterized by optical microscopy (OM)
and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the prior columnar β grains were observed as well as their internal contained acicular α′ martensite of different sizes. The results demonstrate that the high layer thickness of 100 μm has no serious adverse
effects on the density, hardness and tensile properties of the samples fabricated by SLM, but the range of suitable printing parameters is narrow, while the samples prepared in high layer thickness have a similar structure to those prepared in low layer thickness.
Trastuzumab regulates phosphoinositide 3 kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway to improve chemotherapy resistance in lymphoma cells
Authors: Tan Mingfang , Wang Xiaobo , Chen Diandian , Dong Lihua , Hu Yili
Published: August 2023

This study assessed the effect of trastuzumab on PI3K/AKT/mTOR (phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Protein Kinase B/Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin) pathway and chemotherapy resistance of lymphoma cells. The expressions of p-AKT (Rat phosphorylated AKT protein) and p-mTOR (Mouse p-mammalian
target of rapamyein) were measured by immunohistochemical analysis, immunoblotting, real-time qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) and Western blot, along with analysis of drug resistance rate, cell viability, anti-tumor activity and apoptosis. p-AKT (Rat phosphorylated AKT protein)
and p-mTOR (Mouse p-mammalian target of rapamyein) were abundantly expressed in the cytoplasm, while p-S6 was only abundantly present near the nucleus, and p-4E-BP1 was abundantly expressed at both sites. All the proteins were highly expressed in PCNSL (primary central nervoussy stemlymphoma)
except for p-AKT (P < 0.05). In addition, the proliferation rate of drug-resistant cells was rapid in the presence of drugs. The p-AKT level of trastuzumab chemo resistant Raji cells was significantly lower than Raji 2R and Raji 4RH cell lines. Moreover, Trastuzumab sensitivity was
significantly increased in cells after inhibitory expression and overexpression of PIK3R2. MK-2206 inhibited Akt and decreased cell proliferation. p-AKT knockdown decreased Raji cell activity after exposure to doxorubicin. MK2206 and doxorubicin jointly promoted PARP (poly ADP-ribose polymerase)
cleavage, and cells were exposed to MK2206 and either adriamycin or dexamethasone, both had a synergistic effect on reducing cell viability. Idelalisib exposure resulted in altered expression of Bcl-2. p-AKT and p-mTOR were significantly elevated in PCNSL specimens, along with higher expressions
of p-S6 and p-4E-BP1. Drug-resistant cells proliferated faster than parental sensitive cells in the presence of drugs, and Raji cells sensitive to trastuzumab chemotherapy had low p-AKT expression. Finally, MK-2206 inhibited Akt and reduced viability of BL cell lines. p-AKT inhibition resulted
in enhanced response to cytotoxic chemotherapy and promotes apoptosis after cytotoxic chemotherapy.
A comparison of the visual performance of refractive rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lenses and trifocal intraocular lenses
Authors: Qiu Jing-Jing , Zhang Qian , Fu Shu-Hua , Huang Jun-Qi , Wang Zhi-Hong , You Zhi-Peng , Liu Fei , Sun Tao
Published: August 2023

Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the short term visual outcomes and subjective visual quality of the monocular implantation of a refractive rotationally asymmetric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) (SBL-3, Lenstec, Inc., USA) with those of a trifocal IOL (AT LISA
tri 839 MP, Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). Methods: This study involved a total of 46 patients (46 eyes) with age-related cataracts, who underwent uncomplicated cataract surgery. Twenty-two patients (22 eyes) had SBL-3 multifocal IOLs implanted (group A) and 24 patients (24 eyes)
had AT LISA tri 839 MPs implanted (group B). The patients were all evaluated three months after surgery. Results: Group B had a significantly better performance (0.127±0.070) logMAR (20/40 Snellen equivalent) than group A (0.25±0.093) LogMAR for monocular UIVA at 80 cm
(p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference at other distances. The monocular defocus curves showed that group B had a better performance than group A at a vergence of −1.5 D (p<0.05). Higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were significantly higher in
group A (p <0.05). The SBL-3 IOLs resulted in much lower MTF cut-off (23.68±9.892) cpd and Strehl ratio (0.13±0.052) than trifocal IOLs (MTF cut-off 26.25±8.751 cpd, Strehl ratio 0.15±0.063). But there was no significant difference between the two IOLs
(p >0.05). Complaints of halos at night were made by 37.5% (9/24) of group A and 9.1% (2/22) of group B, but they did not interfere with their vision. All the patients reported a high level of satisfaction and said they no longer needed to use spectacle correction at either far,
intermediate or near distances. Conclusions: Both SBL-3 IOLs and AT LISA tri 839 MP trifocal IOLs provided good short-term visual outcomes at all distances postoperatively with a high level of spectacle independence and patient satisfaction. The AT LISA tri 839 MP lens provided better
intermediate vision at 80 cm, while similar visual acuity (VA) was reported at other distances.
Mechanism of polyethylene glycol and polyethylenimine combined with superparamagnetic nanoparticles in treating the brain glioma
Authors: Tian Ruizhi , Liu Zhihong , Chen Youming , Wang Xun , Zhou Hancheng , Wang Shousen
Published: August 2023

This study assessed the mechanism of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethylenimine (PEI) combined with superparamagnetic nanoparticles in treating brain glioma. Forty-eight male Stromal Derived Factor (SDF) grade Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were divided into control set, doxorubicin (DOX)
set, set of DOX and Spions Medicine (SPIONs) and set of DOX, SPIONs and magnet followed by analysis of change of tumor volume, MRI imaging, HE staining, trypan-blue staining, and TUNEL staining. The dispersion of DOX-SPIONs nanoparticles was uniform. The form was circular. The average diameter
was 15.4 nm. The saturation magnetization value of SPIONs and DOX-SPIONs were 45.8 emu · g and 23.6 emu · g. There was a good superparamagnetism in prepared magnetic nanoparticles. The tumor volume in set of DOX, SPIONs and magnet was the smallest. It was smaller in set of DOX
and SPIONs than in DOX set and control set. There were excessive cells in tumor tissue in control set, DOX set and set of DOX and SPIONs. There were notable multifarious nucleuses. The quantity of tumor cells in set of DOX, SPIONs and magnet could be reduced. There were notable apoptosis and
necrosis. The growth of brain glioma could be restrained by PEG and PEI combined with superparamagnetic nanoparticles through targeting DOX. The apoptosis could be prompted. The superparamagnetic nanoparticles could be prompted to be gathered in tumor site. The therapeutic effect of DOX could
be improved through DOX carried with PEG and PEI combined with superparamagnetic nanoparticles. There are promising therapeutic values in the treatment with superparamagnetic nanoparticles through targeting DOX on brain glioma.
miR-375 antagonist modified ferroferric oxide nanoparticles inhibited invasion and migration of ovarian cancer cells
Authors: Li Rong , Yue Juan , Song Qi , He Haiyan
Published: August 2023

This experiment assessed the effect of miR-375 antagonist (mA) modified ferroferric oxide nanoparticles (FONPs) on ovarian cancer cells. SKOV 3 cells were assigned into blank group (normal culture SKOV 3 cells), control group (intervention with FONPs), and intervention group (mA-FONPs),
followed by analysis of cell biological behaviors and expressions of Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase-3, E-cadherin, N-cadherin, Vimentin, TL-6, JAK2, and STAT3. The nanoparticles were spherical with excellent dispersion and about 77 nm. Compared with the other two groups, the intervention group showed
decreased cell vitality, increased apoptosis (P <0.05). Cell number (44.63+2.37)% and migration quantity (89.75+4.01)% decreased significantly after intervention (P <0.05) along with higher levels of E cadherin, Bax, Caspase 3 activity and lower levels of Bcl-2, N-cadherin,
Vimentin, IL-6, JAK2 and STAT3 (P <0.05). miR-375 targeted and inhibited the activity of JAK2/STAT3 pathway, reducing levels of IL-6, p-JAK2, and p-STAT3, up-regulating the expression of Bax and Caspase-3, reducing levels of N-cadherin and Vimentin, and finally regulating cell apoptosis
and inhibiting cell migration and invasion.
Analytical assays and bootstrap resampling method to validate performance of the Roche Elecsys STAT highly sensitive troponin T assay and its application for the ‘rule-out’ part of ESC guidelines for NTSTEMI
Authors: Metsu David , Mille Daphné , Pailly Carole , Oancea Valerica G. , Essemilaire Luc , Coppin Dominique
Published: August 2023

Background

The European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines recommend a dynamic (0-1h) cardiac troponin (cTn) determination for non-ST elevation myocardial infarction diagnosis. For patients with low cTn levels, a discharge from emergency can be considered. Nevertheless, cTn cutoffs for discharge are lower than the limits of quantification proposed by laboratory reagent suppliers.

Aim

Validate cTn assay on the Elecsys STAT kit.

Materials and methods

Precision, trueness, repeatability and within-laboratory variability were calculated from internal quality control and plasma pooled at 5.78 and 10.73 ng/L. Accuracy was calculated from external quality control. Uncertainty of measurement was calculated from (i) the uncertainty of the standard and control values and (ii) by precision from pooled plasma. Distribution of precision results from pooled plasma has been evaluated by bootstrap simulations. Dilution linearity tests with patient plasma were performed to evaluate the method for values near 5 ng/L.

Results

Precision and trueness ranged from 1.35 to 4.45% and from 0.14 to −3.74%, respectively. Accuracy results ranged from 101.40 to 104.90%. Within laboratory variability was 2.91%. Uncertainty ranged from 3.66% to 19.90% for higher (2188) to lower values (5.78 ng/L). Bootstrap simulations allowed utilization of precision data from pooled plasma to evaluate cTn assay. The method was linear from 4.48 to 39.80 ng/L. A linear regression model best described the data.

Conclusion

Elecsys STAT method provides accurate cTn results, including patients with cTn results categorizing them as ‘rule-out’ in the ESC guidelines.
Development of blood collection tubes for glucose measurement using adenosine 3-phosphate and sodium fluoride as glycolytic inhibitors
Authors: Kume Yukio , Hirowatari Yuji , Kurano Makoto , Yatomi Yutaka , Matsushita Makoto
Published: August 2023

Background

Blood collection tubes with sodium fluoride (NaF) added as a glycolytic inhibitor are widely used for glucose measurement. However, the glycolytic inhibitory effects of NaF are insufficient, and decreases in glucose levels over time after blood collection have become a problem.

Methods

Blood from a volunteer collected using an NaF tube was used to compare the glycolysis inhibitory abilities of ATP and ADP. Blood samples from 10 volunteers were collected in NaF tubes and NaF tubes with added ATP (NaF–ATP tubes). The stability of glucose and haemoglobin (Hb)A1c after whole-blood storage from immediately after blood collection to 24 h later was compared.

Results

ATP and ADP had similar inhibitory effects on glycolysis, but ATP was selected as an additive for blood collection tubes because ADP was more haemolytic than ATP. We verified the ability of NaF blood collection tubes supplemented with ATP to inhibit glycolysis. Mean (± standard deviation) glucose levels (n=10) after storage for 24 h after blood collection decreased to −9.0 ± 2.7 mg/dL (−0.50 ± 0.15 mmol/L) in conventional NaF tubes. NaF–ATP(20) tubes with 20 mg (0.036 mmol) ATP added showed a reduced decrease, with a mean of −5.8 ± 2.9 mg/dL (−0.32 ± 0.16 mmol/L). NaF–ATP tubes also had no effect on HbA1c measurement.

Conclusion

This study reports on a blood collection tube that enables the measurement of glucose and HbA1c. Based on the results of validation, we conclude that NaF–ATP tubes can reduce decreases in glucose over time in stored whole blood compared to conventional NaF tubes.
Evaluation of Dose Adjustment in Patients With Renal Impairment at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania
Authors: Maganda Betty Allen , Munishi Castory , Mlyuka Hamu , Mlugu Eulambius M. , Mohamedi Juma Ayubu , Mwamwitwa Kissa Watson
Published: August 2023

Background: The burden of renal diseases is increasing in developing countries like Tanzania. Drug accumulation exposes patients with renal impairment to drug toxicity that may lead to adverse drug reactions, poor adherence to treatment, and increased healthcare costs. There is limited information on the appropriateness of dosage regimen adjustment for patients with renal impairment, particularly in developing countries such as Tanzania. This study aimed to investigate the appropriateness of drug dosing in hospitalized patients with renal impairment in Tanzania. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. It was conducted between November 2019 and April 2020 amongst hospitalized patients at Muhimbili National Hospital. All enrolled patients had serum creatinine levels ≥1.2 mg/dL and taking at least one drug requiring dosage regimen adjustment. Creatinine clearance was calculated from patient serum creatinine using the Cockcroft-Gault equation. Drug dosing appropriateness was determined by comparing the current practice with tertiary references. The relationship between the patient’s baseline characteristics and the rate of dosage regimen adjustment was determined using the X2 test. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis evaluated the predictors of dosing adjustment. Results: Most of the enrolled patients, 269 (98.9%) had comorbidities. Of the medication orders included in the final analysis, 372 (27%) needed dosage regimen adjustment. Out of the 372 medication orders, not adjusted were 168 (45.2%), inappropriately adjusted 105 (28.2%), and appropriately adjusted were only 99 (26.6%). In this study, 212 (77.9%) patients received at least one drug with an incorrect dosage regimen. Females and those with level 4 renal impairment patients were more likely to have their doses appropriately adjusted compared to their counterparts. Conclusions: In this study, about three-quarters of the patients received at least one drug with an incorrect dosage regimen. Thus, appropriate measures such as the availability of national guidelines and clinical decision support systems for drug dosing adjustment in patients’ renal impairment should be in place.
Experimental study of the interfacial micromechanics of multifunctional unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite laminates with copper mesh
Authors: Morales Madeline A , Henry Todd C , Lawrence Bradley D , Bradley Natasha , Klaff Keaton W , Salamanca-Riba Lourdes G
Published: August 2023

The mechanical properties of a unidirectional carbon-fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate with Cu mesh layers were investigated for use in aerospace applications as a multifunctional structural and electromagnetic interference shielding component. Nanoindentation was used to study the fiber/PEEK and Cu/PEEK interfaces. A data analysis methodology is presented to assess the interfacial strength from plots of hardness and modulus versus distance from fiber/Cu edge. The results indicated that annealing resulted in enhanced adhesion at the fiber/PEEK interface. Additionally, indents near the Cu/PEEK interface indicated poor interfacial adhesion. Bulk mechanical testing was performed to determine the effect of adding Cu mesh layers on the mechanical properties of the laminate. Additional Cu mesh layers decreased the tension, shear, and bending strength/modulus, while the open hole compression strength increased. This indicates that the Cu/PEEK interfaces weaken the laminate and lower the tension, shear, and bending strength by delamination.
An Examination of Populist Attitudes With Social Values and the Motivational Differences Between Right-Wingers and Left-Wingers
Authors: Jami Waleed
Published: August 2023

Populism continues to become commonplace, not just among politicians and political parties, but also among individuals. The prevalence of populist attitudes may have soared because of economic and social issues like the outsourcing of jobs and the influx of immigrants, as well as the perceived injustice against ordinary people. Populism, as a psychological construct, is a relatively nascent research area. The present study contributes to this literature by examining the link between values and populist attitudes, noting the motivational differences between right-wingers and left-wingers with a U.S. student sample. An online survey was conducted, and regression results revealed that populist attitudes were associated with openness to change, self-enhancement and self-transcendence. Moreover, conservation amplified the link between populist attitudes and right-wing identification whereas openness to change increased the relationship between populist attitudes and left-wing identification. The discussion focuses on the value priorities of populism broadly as well as the moderating effects of values in the endorsement of populist attitudes for right-wingers and left-wingers, respectively.
Technologies of abjection: The possessive logics and performative sovereignty of drug dog operations in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Race Kane
Published: August 2023

This article considers the alarming escalation in the use of strip-searching on the part of the New South Wales police over the past decade and its connection with street-level drug policing including drug dog operations. These strategies mobilise a technology of detection which draws police ever more intently into the orbit of the sexual and sexual violation and in ever-closer proximity to the genital, the vaginal and the anal cavities of those it forcibly produces as suspects. I am especially interested in the symbolic, spectacular, gendered and performative dimensions of these ‘devices of sexual saturation’; their opportunistic deployment to patrol minoritarian populations (Aboriginal people, young people/minors, sexual and racial minorities) and cast aspersions on their self-sovereign capacities. Framed by the law as technologies of drug detection, these operations are better conceptualised as technologies of abjection devoted to the production of violable subjects as part of brutal ongoing efforts to shore up the authority of self-asserted, stolen sovereignty. A narcofeminist lens brings these gendered dimensions of drug policing into better view. Here, the ‘possessive logics’ that Aileen Moreton-Robinson implicates in the performativity of patriarchal white sovereignty on the part of the ‘postcolonising’ Australian state find their pretext and source of legitimation in the rhetoric of drugs and the fantasised sovereign subject it maintains as a requirement for the general functioning of the law: the ‘master of her intentions and desires’, in Derrida’s words. This mobilisation of technologies of abjection under the guise of drug enforcement is part of a longer story about the racialisation of sexuality and the sexualisation of race as biopolitical trajectories that naturalise and maintain settler-colonialism and its worlds. Countering their violence entails forging new solidarities among minoritarian constituencies that articulate, affirm and reactivate the non-sovereign potentials/performatives that inhere in our mutual vulnerability and relationally-constituted capacity for endurance.
Narcofeminist ‘chemsex’: Rethinking sexualised drug use in a shifting queer landscape marked by public health emergency
Authors: Azbel Lyu
Published: August 2023

The potential of sexualised drug use to enact the queer body is largely unaccounted for within the expert public health knowledges where ‘chemsex’ is produced as a predominantly cisgender gay male practice harmful to health. Underpinned by such logics, COVID-19 prevention measures in 2020–2021 limited urban nightlife, which can be thought of as a queer ‘intimate infrastructure’, restricting chemsex to the home. Such changes in routine afforded by public health emergencies provide a particularly clear glimpse into the emergent and situated production of queer bodies. Drawing on ontopolitical research in drug studies, which treats bodily capacities as products of sociomaterial arrangements, I explore the generative effects that emerge from a shifting landscape of sex and drug practices. I draw on in-depth qualitative interviews with members of queer feminist collectives in Berlin, Germany at the time of the lockdowns to ask: what kind of community is enacted through an abrupt transformation in the material settings of sexualised drug use? I argue that the landscape of the home was co-constitutive of a queer narcofeminist collective body, providing an incisive rebuke not only of public health discourse on chemsex, but also of the bifurcation of ‘intimate infrastructure’ into the privatised heteronormative home versus the public gay dark room.
Climate change and resilience: Developmental science perspectives
Authors: Sanson Ann V. , Masten Ann S.
Published: August 2023

Climate change is a complex, multisystem phenomenon that disrupts human development both directly and indirectly through the interactions of interconnected systems. This article outlines the physical, social, and psychological impacts of exposure to climate disasters, which are already increasing in frequency and ferocity across the globe. Climate change poses particular challenges for billions of people with vulnerabilities related to geography, age, injustice, poverty, and many other social or economic disadvantages. In this article, we apply resilience and positive development frameworks to describe the resources and processes at the level of the individual, the family, and the community that can prepare and support people as they contend with the impacts of climate change. To illustrate these frameworks in action, we give examples of promising interventions that focus on mobilizing powerful human adaptive systems to build hope, agency, social cohesion, and a shared sense of belonging. We conclude by calling on developmental scientists to engage in research, interventions, and collaborative advocacy to address the unprecedented and existential threat posed by climate change.
Convex risk-bounded continuous-time trajectory planning and tube design in uncertain nonconvex environments
Authors: Jasour Ashkan , Han Weiqiao , Williams Brian C.
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we address the trajectory planning problem in uncertain nonconvex static and dynamic environments that contain obstacles with probabilistic location, size, and geometry. To address this problem, we provide a risk-bounded trajectory planning method that looks for continuous-time trajectories with guaranteed bounded risk over the planning time horizon. Risk is defined as the probability of collision with uncertain obstacles. Existing approaches to address risk-bounded trajectory planning problems either are limited to Gaussian uncertainties and convex obstacles or rely on sampling-based methods that need uncertainty samples and time discretization. To address the risk-bounded trajectory planning problem, we leverage the notion of risk contours to transform the risk-bounded planning problem into a deterministic optimization problem. Risk contours are the set of all points in the uncertain environment with guaranteed bounded risk. The obtained deterministic optimization is, in general, nonlinear and nonconvex time-varying optimization. We provide convex methods based on sum-of-squares optimization to efficiently solve the obtained nonconvex time-varying optimization problem and obtain the continuous-time risk-bounded trajectories without time discretization. The provided approach deals with arbitrary (and known) probabilistic uncertainties, nonconvex and nonlinear, static and dynamic obstacles, and is suitable for online trajectory planning problems. In addition, we provide convex methods based on sum-of-squares optimization to build the max-sized tube with respect to its parameterization along the trajectory so that any state inside the tube is guaranteed to have bounded risk.
Experimental assessment of surface roughness of fused deposition modelling parts and method of improvement
Authors: Nadeem Hammad , Ghazali Numan , Nabeel M , Ahsan MN , Khurram AA
Published: August 2023

The surface roughness assessment of 3D printed parts with Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM) has been performed on Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, Poly Lactic Acid, Polycarbonate, Nylon, Polypropylene, Co-polyester. Three different geometries were selected i.e., Cube, Cone and Strip to evaluate the effect of build geometry and material on the surface roughness of 3D printed parts of FDM technology. It has been revealed from the roughness measurements of cube and cone samples, that roughness values are higher as compared to strip sample and in almost the same range in the build direction irrespective of the shape. The variation of surface roughness as a function of nozzle temperature has also shown that it is also dependent on the nozzle temperature while keeping other parameters constant. The experiments on the improvement in the surface quality of FDM parts was also performed using chemical and physical methods. Tetrahydrofuran, Dichloromethane and Acetone were found compatible with polycarbonate to improve surface without compromising the geometrical shape. Similarly Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene had excellent response to Acetone vapour smoothing both in terms of surface roughness and part symmetry. The surface roughness of PLA was also improved after treatment with Tetrahydrofuran. Co-Polyester, although had good surface after treatment with Tetrahydrofuran and Dichloromethane, but the part symmetry was disturbed.
Quetiapine Twice Daily Versus Bedtime Dosing in the Treatment of ICU Delirium
Authors: Hawthorne Ashley , Delgado Elina , Battle Anna , Norton Cory
Published: August 2023

Background: Although guidelines recommend twice daily (BID) dosing of quetiapine for treatment of intensive care unit (ICU) delirium in most patients, once daily dosing at bedtime (HS) is commonly prescribed to reduce daytime somnolence. No studies have evaluated differences in outcomes. Objectives: To determine if twice daily vs bedtime dosing of quetiapine reduces the duration of ICU delirium. Methods: Retrospective analysis of ICU patients treated with twice daily vs bedtime dosing of quetiapine for ICU delirium. Health records were analyzed between January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2021. Exclusions included alcohol withdrawal, history of psychiatric conditions requiring medication, receipt of <24 hours of therapy, alternative dosing schedules, and death or transfer from the ICU <24 hours after beginning quetiapine. The primary outcome was recovery of delirium per Confusion Assessment Method (CAM-ICU). Secondary outcomes included lengths of stay, mechanical ventilation duration, in-hospital death, and QTc prolongation. Results: Baseline characteristics differed for sex (30.4% vs 61.1% female) and admission diagnosis (39% vs. 17% COVID-19, respectively). Time to delirium recovery was 3.5 days for BID vs 2.5 days for QHS dosing ( P = .484). Secondary outcomes of ICU (16 vs. 19 days) and hospital (22 vs. 25 days) lengths of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation (10 vs. 14), delirium recovery (70% vs. 56%), in-hospital death (61% vs. 50%), and QTc prolongation did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: Twice daily vs bedtime dosing of quetiapine did not significantly alter delirium outcomes, suggesting similar efficacy. Larger sample sizes are needed to confirm these results.
Robot joint module based on universal joint configuration driven by SMA wires
Authors: Wang Bao-Hua , Pei Yong-Chen , Wu Ji-Tuo , Guan Jing-Han , Sui Wen-Chao , Wang Lu-Lu , Liu Zhong-Hao
Published: August 2023

Modular robots can adapt to different production needs and working conditions. However, the complexity of structures and the choice of driving modes limit the development of modularization. In this paper, a robot joint module with a universal joint configuration driven by shape memory alloy (SMA) wires is proposed, which has 2-DOFs. For lightweight, the main body of the module is made of polylactic acid materials. SMA wires are used as the actuator due to the advantages of large output displacement, high mass-to-energy ratio, and low activation voltage. Adopting antagonistically arranged SMA wires and bias springs combination method increases the recovery speed and driving angles. A locking device is creatively proposed to avoid the influence of self-biasing spring compression. The detailed kinematic model of the module is established. A proportional integral differential controller is used to precisely control module movements, and the attitude angle sensor is used as the monitoring device. Through the maximum rotation angles and trajectory tracking movement experiments, the module is tested comprehensively, and the results show that the module has good movement characteristics and control precision. In addition, analyzing the tracking performance of the module in the time domain shows that the module has a relatively fast tracking speed. This module is beneficial to the research of configurations, actuators, and controls of modular robots.
British mental healthcare responses to adult homosexuality and gender non-conforming children at the turn of the twenty-first century
Authors: Pilgrim David
Published: August 2023

The roots of the recent controversy about how mental health professionals should respond to gender non-conforming children are traced. To make historical sense, this paper distinguishes between epistemological (discursive) and ontological (non-discursive) aspects and describes their features, since 1970. This helps to clarify some of the confusions at the centre of the still heated debate about sexuality and gender identity today. In the concluding discussion, the philosophical resource of critical realism is used to interpret the historical narrative provided. It cautions against the anachronistic tendency to amalgamate the short-lived, and now defunct, experiment of aversion therapy for homosexuality with more recent defences of exploratory psychotherapy. The latter have challenged a different form of experimentation: the bio-medicalisation of gender non-conforming children.
Northern Norway paleofire records reveal two distinct phases of early human impacts on fire activity
Authors: Topness Rebecca G , Vachula Richard S , Balascio Nicholas L , D’Andrea William J , Pugsley Genevieve , Dia Moussa , Tingley Martina , Curtin Lorelei , Wickler Stephen , Anderson R Scott
Published: August 2023

Paleofire records document fire’s response to climate, ecosystem changes, and human-activity, offering insights into climate-fire-human relationships and the potential response of fire to anthropogenic climate change. We present three new lake sediment PAH records and a charcoal record from the Lofoten Islands, Norway to evaluate the Holocene fire history of northern Norway and examine human impacts on fire in this region. All three datasets show an increase in PAH accumulation rate over the past c. 7500 cal years BP, with an increase c. 5000 cal years BP that signals initial human impacts on fire activity. More significant increases c. 3500 cal years BP reach a maximum c. 2000 cal years BP that correlates with the establishment and expansion of agricultural settlements in Lofoten during the Late Bronze Age and Pre-Roman Iron Age. Decreased PAH accumulation rates c. 1500–900 cal years BP reflect less burning during the Late Iron Age and early medieval period. A shift toward higher molecular weight PAHs and increasing PAHs overall from c. 1000 cal years BP to present, reflects intensified human activity. Sedimentary charcoal (>125 and 63–125 µm) in the Lauvdalsvatnet record does not vary until an increase in the last 900 years, showing a proxy insensitivity to human-caused fire. The Late-Holocene increase in fire activity in Lofoten follows trends in regional charcoal records, but exhibits two distinct phases of increased fire that reflect the intensity of burning due to human landscape changes that overwhelm the signal of natural variations in regional fire activity.
Optimising recruitment to a lung cancer screening trial: A comparison of general practitioner and community-based recruitment
Authors: Scobie Hannah , Robb Kathryn A , Macdonald Sara , Harrow Stephen , Sullivan Frank ,   in collaboration with the ECLS study team
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Pre-trial focus groups of the Early detection of Cancer of the Lung Scotland (ECLS) trial indicated that those at high risk of lung cancer are more likely to engage with community-based recruitment methods. The current study aimed to understand if general practitioner (GP) and community-based recruitment might attract different groups of people, and to quantitatively explore the demographic and psychosocial differences between people responding to GP or community-based recruitment.

Design

Secondary data analysis of ECLS trial baseline data.

Methods

Adults (n = 11,164) aged 50 to 75 years completed a baseline questionnaire as part of their participation in the ECLS trial. The questionnaire assessed smoking behaviour, health state, health anxiety and illness perception. Alongside demographic characteristics, how participants were made aware of the study/participant recruitment method (GP recruitment/community recruitment) was also obtained via trial records.

Results

The likelihood of being recruited via community-based methods increased as deprivation level decreased. Those recruited via the community had higher levels of perceived personal control of developing lung cancer and were more likely to understand their own risk of developing lung cancer, compared to those who were recruited to the trial via their GP. Health state and health anxiety did not predict recruitment methods in multivariable analysis.

Conclusions

Community and opportunistic screening invitations were associated with uptake in people from less-deprived backgrounds, and therefore might not be the optimal method to reach those at high risk of lung cancer and living in more deprived areas.
The Impact of Top Management Education from Reputable Universities on Corporate Capital Structure: Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Madyan Muhammad , Harymawan Iman , Minanurohman Adib , Setiawan Wulan Rahmadani
Published: August 2023

This article aims to analyse the relationship between the chief executive and financial officer (CEO and CFO) from reputable universities and capital structure. We use least-square regression using 3,003 firm-year observations of companies listed in Indonesia from all industries except the financial sector from 2010 to 2019. Consistent with the hypothesis development, the results show that CEOs and CFO from reputable universities have a significant positive relation to the debt-equity ratio. The same result is also shown in the robust test using coarsened exact matching (CEM) and Heckman’s two-stage model. We also document that in a high-growth industry, CEO reputation plays an important effect on capital structure, meanwhile in a low growth industry, CFO does. Interestingly, only the company who has low-tech industry shows a significant education reputation on capital structure. We also separate the sample using education levels, undergraduate and postgraduate. These findings will interest policymakers and companies when recruiting top managers to consider their educational background because it influences capital structure decisions. This study provides a theoretical contribution to the literature on the relationship between top management educational background and capital structure in Indonesia.
Matricentric Leadership: Vidya Balan and the Emergence of Alternative Leadership Style in Popular Hindi Cinema
Authors: Pramanik Pratyusha , Mishra Ajit K.
Published: August 2023

Vidya Balan has developed her brand of films by strategically choosing scripts to disrupt both the cinematic perception and the practice. This article argues that the Vidya Balan brand of films has been a prototype for an understated yet alternative leadership style which breaks the stereotype of portraying strong women with machismo and manliness to project them as bold and powerful. Balan has designed a consistent celebrity brand, yet distinguishable from her contemporaries. In the process, she has developed matricentric leadership. The article attempts to understand the matricentric leadership style in the context of popular Hindi cinema and how it corresponds to the larger societal context. A content analysis of Vidya Balan’s recent choice of films, her interviews, and her off-screen presence has revealed how she has succeeded in incepting an alternative leadership style. This style, inspired by a range of working mothers we see around us in our everyday lives, enables us to develop a deeper understanding of new-age women. It also adds to our knowledge about Hindi cinema’s changing trend in depicting more realistic women regarding body, looks and ability standards.
Behavioral Health Interventions for Incarcerated Adults With Histories of Trauma: A Scoping Review
Authors: Grady Melissa D. , Tripodi Stephen , Herod Lauren , Rudzinski Michael
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The majority of incarcerated individuals have experienced traumatic events in their lifetime, contributing to related behavioral health issues, including post-traumatic stress, mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders. The purpose of this article is to understand the existing state of the literature through a scoping review on correctional-based programs that address both trauma and behavioral health. Methods: Proquest and EBSCO databases were searched to identify studies focused on trauma and behavioral health that focused on incarcerated adults in the United States. Results: A total of 25 studies evaluating correctional-based programming on trauma and behavioral health problems. Most included studies reported improvement of behavioral health symptoms as a result of the intervention. Discussion: The findings indicated a need for additional research on behavioral health interventions for incarcerated adults with a history of trauma. Specifically, future research should focus on increasing the methodological rigor of intervention studies and expanding the diversity of included samples.
Theory and methods of constructing equations for the evolutionary damageability of materials
Authors: Fedorov Victor
Published: August 2023

The theory and methods for constructing equations (functions) of evolutionary damage and rupture of materials in the Kachanov model (creep rupture and fatigue rupture) are presented. In general, it is proved that the factorized Kachanov model is identical to the Palmgren-Miner rule, which is often not confirmed experimentally. To construct damageability functions adequate to the experimental data, new mathematical objects (potential and normalized potential) are introduced. If the entire history of changes in the damage variable is known in experiments, then the use of the potential makes it possible to construct a damageability function of any complexity without integrating the evolutionary equation (explicit method). For cases where only rupture moments are recorded in experiments, a criterion for the adequacy of the normalized potential is formulated and an implicit method for its construction is developed. It is supplemented with a recursive algorithm that generates an unlimited number of such potentials. The implicit method is illustrated by examples, following which the reader can construct a damageability equation for his material without a thorough study of the theory.