bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dilemma of the Interested Director in Pakistan: Lessons from English Courts’ Jurisprudence
Authors: Khokhar Farqaleet
Published: August 2023

No-conflict and no-profit rules thrive in Company Law to extract the director’s undivided loyalty towards the company and oblige him to avoid conflict of interest and not to earn profit at the expense of the company and its shareholders. Disclosure of interest is required if the director steps into a situation of conflict of interest. Despite the statutory clarity, Pakistani courts’ attitude is not uniform and provides ample space for a loose or broad interpretation of the law concerning the application of these equitable rules, as the stringent application of rules satisfies the statute but the flexible application of these rules, and the categorization of disclosure of interest and exoneration of the director from breach of duty in cases of non-disclosure seem problematic and this does not sit well with the statutory requirement. Thereby setting up unhindered bridges to fill gaps between the Companies Law and Pakistani courts’ jurisprudence. The article focuses on the penumbral manners, as for the sake of completeness it compares the Pakistani legal regime with the English courts’ jurisprudence, which is more uniform and advanced, with the intent that Pakistani courts can learn the lessons from well-established English courts’ jurisprudence.

Directors’ fiduciary duties, duty to avoid conflict of interest, no-conflict rule, no-profit rule, company’s best interest, director’s personal interest, interested director, disclosure of interest, nature and extent of disclosure, implied or explicit disclosure
ChatGPT: Is This New AI Tool a Risk to Your Business?
Authors: Henderson Rebecca
Published: August 2023

It is difficult not to have heard about and/or be intrigued by the latest version of the Artificial intelligence (AI) software, ChatGPT, which since being launched in January 2023 has quickly become one of the most popular applications used by consumers. With its impressive abilities to write about a very wide range of topics and subject matters, now over 100 million people worldwide use ChatGPT on a daily basis. However, with increased use of this tool for work purposes, does your organization need to consider some rules/regulations around employee use of ChatGPT?

Artificial Intelligence, Digital Transformation, Legal regulation, Technology
DAC7: Some Thoughts on the Different Roles of Platform Operators and the Appropriate Definition of the Scope of Reporting Obligations
Authors: Persiani Alessio
Published: August 2023

As from 2023 the Directive 2021/514/EU adopted on 22 March 2021 (DAC7) require platform operators to comply with due diligence and reporting obligations on the sellers offering goods or services via digital platforms. The article discusses the different roles that the platform operators may play from a business standpoint and reflects on the implications of such different roles for the purpose of appropriately defining the scope of DAC7 reporting obligations. In the author’s opinion, such scope should be defined attributing crucial relevance to the income reporting obligation with the platform operators for (accounting and) tax purposes. In this sense, in all cases where the platform operator is already required to disclose the overall consideration paid by the customer in its income tax return the reporting obligations laid under the DAC7 should not apply, as there would not be any risk of tax evasion.

DAC7, platforms, platform operators, principal, intermediary, tax evasion, disclosed agent, undisclosed agent
Forum: AG Kokott Tries to Bring Clarity to the Selectivity Test for Individual Tax Rulings
Authors: Rossi-Maccanico Pierpaolo
Published: August 2023

In an opinion of 4 May 2023 in Case C-454/21 P, Engie, Advocate General Kokott proposes a new standard of state aid review of individual tax measures such as the tax rulings, based on a manifestly erroneous application of tax law (favourable to the taxpayer) by the national tax administration. Considering that, in order to assess the selective nature of tax rulings, only national law must constitute the frame of reference and that in any event, only tax rulings that are manifestly erroneous with regard to national law can constitute a selective advantage, Advocate General Kokott has called on the Court to annul the Commission’s decision finding that Luxembourg granted the Engie group unlawful state aid in the form of tax advantages, as well as the judgment of the General Court.

State aid control, direct taxation, notion of selective advantage, Commission practice, aggressive tax planning, individual tax rulings, tax system of reference, comparability, Union Courts review, annulment of Commission decision
The Unilateral Turn in EU Trade and Investment Policy
Authors: Verellen Thomas , Hofer Alexandra
Published: August 2023

As part of the European Commission’s Open Strategic Autonomy agenda, the European Union has reformed its unilateral trade and investment policy toolbox. Existing instruments have been updated (e.g., Trade Defence Instruments, the Enforcement Regulation) and new instruments have been adopted (e.g., the Foreign Subsidies Regulation, the Foreign Direct Investment Screening Regulation, the Anti-Coercion Instrument). These developments are significant: taken together, they herald a unilateral turn in the EU’s trade and investment policy. This special issue explores aspects of this unilateral turn. It combines a bird’s-eye perspective with studies of specific instruments; it brings together political science and legal methodologies; and it looks at the unilateral turn from the inside-out and from the outside-in. The special issue scratches the surface of what we consider to be a seismic change in the EU’s trade and investment policy. We hope it will trigger further debate and scholarly analysis of this important topic. In this introduction, we set the scene and introduce the six articles that are part of this special issue.

unilateral turn, unilateralism, EU trade and investment policy, security, sustainability, level playing field, geopolitics, geopoliticization, economic coercion, restrictive measures, common commercial policy
ESG Metrics Disclosures for Index-Listed Companies in Paris, New York and Johannesburg
Authors: Kilian N.
Published: August 2023

Against the background of Index listed companies, for example the Paris Stock Exchange (Euronext) CAC 40 ESG Index, New York (NY) Stock Exchange iShares Core MSCI World UCITS ETF Index and the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) Equity Fund or Index, this article will review similarities in ESG metrics disclosures relevant to each index and whether a stock exchange could rate an index for ESG compliance without making use of an external rating company, for example MSCI. This article also discusses the method used by MSCI to rate listed companies for ESG compliance and whether asset or fund managers could rate their investment portfolios independently from a stock exchange. In this regard, three asset managers – BNP Paribas, Blackrock and Old Mutual – are examined for similarities in their ESG rating processes. In addition, this article explains whether the above stock exchanges are using the same ESG metrics or not.

Paris Stock Exchange, New York Stock Exchange, Johannesburg Stock Exchange, ESG, asset manager index, asset manager ESG compliance, ESG rating, United Nations Sustainable Stock Exchanges Initiative
Determinants that hinder the practice of teaching-learning English speaking skills in group work: Althawra secondary school for Boys babel, Iraq in focus
Authors: Raju T Shron , Abdulhussein Altaaie Tawadud M Ridha
Published: August 2023

The main objective of this study was to identify variables that affect how well AlThawra Secondary School pupils in Babel, Iraq's grade twelve students practice speaking in groups. This study employed a descriptive survey design that combined quantitative and qualitative techniques. The formula developed by Taro Yemane (1967) was used to determine the sample size. Using a straightforward random sampling selection strategy, 274 students and five teachers were chosen based on the available sample method. Other statistical analyses, such as frequency and percentage, were produced from the data by entering the survey data into SPSS. The results of the statistical study are presented in the tables. The interview data was also transcribed and organized.”Personal traits like low self-esteem, language anxiety, a lack of proficiency in English, and culture are some of the obstacles to productive speaking practice in group work, according to the findings. The results also showed that teachers' failure to fulfill their duties and situational elements such group size, composition, cohesiveness, speaking assignments' quality, seating arrangements, are all obstacles to effective speaking practice in group work. The results show that teachers' divergence from their duties and students' personal and contextual characteristics are some of the factors that affect effective speaking practice during group work. Because of this, course designers, especially English teachers, should take these factors into account and do all possible to ease students' concerns during group discussions in English classes.
ANÁLISE DO TRÂNSITO DE ANIMAIS BIUNGULADOS NO AGRESTE DO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO
Authors: De Morais Renato Souto Maior Muniz , Bandeira Jéssica de Torres , Júnior José Lopes da Silva , Júnior José Wilton Pinheiro , Dos Santos Fernando Leandro , Oliveira Andrea Alice da Fonseca
Published: August 2023

O trânsito de animais em feiras públicas torna-se de grande importância na disseminação de patógenos, portanto, o conhecimento das redes de fluxo de animais pode proporcionar um direcionamento nas ações de prevenção e controle de um surto. No estado de Pernambuco realizam- se semanalmente feiras de animais, as quais representam um grande risco, já que proporcionam uma grande concentração e movimentação de animais. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho traçar o perfil da movimentação de animais na feira de Cachoeirinha, Pernambuco, realizando levantamento das Guias de Trânsito Animal (GTA’s) emitidas para ingresso e egresso de animais susceptíveis à febre aftosa, durante os anos de 2011, 2012 e 2013. A análise foi realizada com as informações das GTAs armazenadas no banco de dados SIAPEC (Sistema de Integração Agropecuária). Os parâmetros analisados foram: data de emissão do GTA; tipo de transporte; finalidade; espécie; local de origem; local de destino; idade e sexo (sendo os dois últimos apenas para bovinos). O ano em que se mais movimentou animais foi o de 2013 (41,87%). No período estudado o tipo de transporte mais utilizado foi o rodoviário; a espécie que mais circulou foi à bovina; e a principal finalidade foi cria/engorda. A principal região de origem e destino foi o agreste pernambucano; e dentre os bovinos os mais movimentados foram os machos de 13 a 24 meses (29,92%). A partir dos resultados obtidos pode-se inferir que a movimentação ocorreu de forma já esperada na maior parte dos aspectos analisados, excetuando-se a finalidade.
DOSVOX COMO AUXILIAR NO PROCESSO DE ALFABETIZAÇÃO MATEMÁTICA DE ALUNOS COM E SEM DEFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Barros Marlon Augusto das Chagas , Miranda Jessica da Silva , De Lima Thaina de Nazaré Silva , Martini Luiz Cesar
Published: August 2023

O presente trabalho, que constitui a primeira etapa de uma pesquisa de doutorado, visa relatar a construção, com base no desenho universal para a aprendizagem, de atividades de alfabetização matemática para alunos com e sem deficiências. Optamos pela alfabetização matemática como uma forma de buscar enriquecer as bases cognitivas dos discentes para favorecer a compreensão de conceitos posteriores.  As atividades foram elaboradas no aplicativo DOSVOX, explorando a visualização e o som emitido pelo software a fim de atender estudantes com e sem deficiências. Ademais, ao longo do trabalho, discutiremos a importância do processo de alfabetização matemática, aspectos sobre o desenho universal para a aprendizagem, o DOSVOX e o processo de construção das atividades. Espera-se que o relato contribua para reflexões acerca da importância do processo de alfabetização matemática na construção de bases cognitivas a fim de amenizar as dificuldades presentes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem de matemática da atualidade. Além disso, espera-se que o trabalho contribua, também, para reflexões acerca da construção de atividades que busquem atender a diferentes públicos de alunos, contribuindo para o aumento de possibilidades para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem destes.
JOGOS NO ENSINO DA MATEMÁTICA: METODOLOGIAS UTILIZADAS PELOS DOCENTES
Authors: Marçal Marcos Paulo Vieira , Carneiro Eduardo Cipriano , Tenório Francisca Renata Ventura , Pinto Rebeca Teobaldo , Bronnimann Uyraisse Cardoso , Chagas Elisângela Valente , Da Silva Adriana Pordeus , Da Silva Ismael Alves
Published: August 2023

A Matemática, enquanto componente curricular da educação básica, pelo fato de ser rígida e demonstrativo, acarreta a ideia de que o ideal para a ensinar é o método tradicional, no qual o professor explica a matéria no quadro, delega exercícios e corrigi com os alunos, essa metodologia, por mais que ainda seja utilizada, configura uma sala de aula verticalizada, em que os alunos necessitam se adaptar ao professor, o que muitas vezes acaba convergindo para uma dificuldade de aprendizado. Tendo em vista o cenário supracitado, existe a necessidade de se estudar quais metodologias os docentes de matemática estão utilizando em seu processo de ensino. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo geral analisar quais metodologias e práticas de ensino os professores estão utilizando, e como objetivos específicos, perceber se os jogos fazem parte do cotidiano dos docentes de matemática, além de verificar se os professores conseguem colocar em prática o que aprenderam durante a formação, e se essa formação é de fato integral e satisfatória. A metodologia utilizada para efetuar esse trabalho foi a pesquisa de campo, através do método qualitativo. A conclusão culminou na concepção de que alguns professores ainda no período atual fazem uso da simples metodologia tradicional e por mais que estejam utilizando os jogos nas suas práticas docentes, a frequência com que isso ocorre ainda não é satisfatória, além disso, é possível inferir que os jogos são uma excelente ferramenta de aprendizagem e seu uso é indiscutivelmente benéfico para o aprendizado dos alunos, contudo, fica evidenciado também que é necessário que os docentes invistam em uma formação complementar e continuada além da formação superior.
RELAÇÕES INTERNACIONAIS E A PARTICIPAÇÃO ATIVA DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES NA GOVERNANÇA GLOBAL
Authors: Ferreira Naiara Silva , Da Silva Danielle Silva , Oliveira Ronny Luis Sousa , Noronha Antônio Renato Bezerra
Published: August 2023

Este artigo analisa como e por que, no contexto das Relações  Internacionais, a subjetividade das crianças tem sido frequentemente relegada a contextos marginais e as próprias crianças são automaticamente  associadas  à  necessidade  de  proteção  em  situações  vulneráveis,  como  por exemplo  o  de  crianças  soldados,  refugiadas,  trabalhadores  escravos  e sexualmente abusadas. Sendo assim, é necessario refletir a infância como uma plataforma de governança global e pontencial para o alcance dos 17 ODS (Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável – Agenda  2030),  identificando  formas  alternativas  de  encontrar  nesse  atores internacionais da sociedade civil e sua agência, uma posição mais central em RI, em termos de várias formas de ativismo  infantil,  como  o  papel  das  crianças  com  as  mudanças  climáticas,  crianças  e segurança humana,  crianças  e  resiliência,  e  no  seu  papel  inevitável  na  governabilidade  do mundo  futuro. Além disso,  tem  crescido  a  quantidade  de  abordagens  que  criticam  as  políticas  tradicionais centradas  no  Estado  nas  análises  das  relações  internacionais,  defendendo,  em  vez  disso, enfoques que reconheçam os atores da sociedade civil como protagonistas nesse processo.  A metodologia  empregada  foi  a  análise  do  discurso  de  personalidades  infanto-juvenis  que impactam o cenário internacional e  a  analise  de  relatórios  do  Fundo  das Nações Unidas para  a  Infância  (UNICEF) da ONU dos períodos de  2019  à 2023. Os  resultados  demonstram  que  apesar  das  problemáticas  que  atingem  esses atores  internacionais,  eles  precisam  de  um  espaço  para  se  envolver  com  aqueles  que  vão colocar as 17 ODS em prática e assim ter uma participação ativa. Elas podem ajudar a mudar sua própria vida e suas comunidades, pois têm ideias, energia ilimitada para a ação e a maior participação no futuro.
POSSIBILIDADE NA ANÁLISE DE IMAGENS GERADAS POR DRONE, PARA MONITORAMENTO E CONTROLE DE UMA ÁREA, PRODUZIDA NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DO RECIFE
Authors: Pedrosa Emerson Marinho , Ventura Antonio Aritan de Oliveira , Da Silva Luciano Nunes
Published: August 2023

O uso de drone se populariza cada vez mais e nos mais diferentes setores. Este artigo investiga a possibilidade da aplicação de imagens e vídeos obtidos por um veículo aéreo não tripulado, denominado drone, no monitoramento e controle, obtidas numa área da região metropolitana do Recife. Apresentando um breve histórico, seus principais conceitos e definições, e regulamentação cabível para sua utilização. Os procedimentos metodológicos vinculados a pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório com atividade prática de campo, apoiados por trabalhos bibliográficos, procedendo-se a seleção e análise das informações extraídas das imagens e vídeos registrados. Compreendendo-se que a interpretação das imagens aéreas favorecem às apresentações de relatórios específicos a cada área estudada, além do grande potencial comercial embarcado. As avaliações qualitativas nos permite afirmar que o monitoramento de áreas de potencial interesse, com a captura de imagens por meio de um drone, demostra ser uma atividade assertiva e produtiva, agilizando processos, ao gerar dados de qualidade com a devida precisão e segurança.
APLICAÇÃO DO MÉTODO AHP NO PROCESSO DECISÓRIO NA ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA: ESTUDO DE CASO NA SECRETARIA DE AQUICULTURA E PESCA
Authors: De Souza Daniel Soares , Larsen Filho Ludovico , Duarte Artur Meira , De Oliveira Geraldo Andrade , Da Silva Maria das Graças Nery , Gomes Nara dos Anjos , Souza Robson Barbosa , Canêdo Daniel Rosa
Published: August 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho se caracteriza no apoio à tomada de decisão no que tange selecionar uma solução tecnológica mais adequada a fornecer um atendimento efetivo e capaz de ser gerido aos usuários do serviço público ao pescador profissional da Secretaria de Aquicultura e Pesca - SAP, do Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento - MAPA. Para que tal objetivo fosse alcançado foi feita uma modelagem matemática, estruturada numa matriz, aos moldes da pesquisa operacional, com aplicação de um método multicritério de apoio à tomada de decisão, o Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP. Sendo assim, foi realizada uma coleta de informações junto ao decisor do projeto para alimentar a matriz e realizar o comparativo, par a par, entre as alternativas disponíveis no mercado com os critérios técnicos adequados para o tipo de solução pertinente à finalidade. Como resultados da aplicação, obtivemos um ranking das alternativas elencadas, onde a empresa Pluri ocupa a primeira posição, com índice de cardinalidade em 0,5400, tornando-se assim a solução mais viável para o contexto do momento.
Counseling on the Correct Teeth Brushing Demonstration Method Compared to Leaflets and Posters on Student Debris Index Score at Pondok Labu State Elementary School, Jakarta Selatan
Authors: R. E. Pudentiana Rr. , Ngatemi  , F. Indrayati, , Hariyanti  , Nurhayati
Published: August 2023

Children of primary school age, namely the age range of 6 to 12 years, are a vulnerable age group that need attention, because during this period there are primary teeth and permanent teeth simultaneously in the oral cavity. The 2004 Household Health Survey showed people's behavior regarding the habit of brushing their teeth, as many as 91% of the population aged 10 years and over did it every day, but only 7% brushed their teeth at the right time, namely after breakfast and before going to bed at night. This study aims to see the difference between counseling on how to brush your teeth properly with demonstration methods compared to leaflets and posters. This research will be carried out using a quantitative approach. The results of this study then found that the demonstration method had the greatest difference in improvement (60%) compared to leaflets (12%) and posters (24%). This then shows that the demonstration method group has achieved a greater percentage than the poster and leaflet media.
Estudio clínico patológico e inmunohistoquímico de las placentas de gestantes con Sars Cov 2.
Authors: Infante Dale Dimar Natali , García de Barriola Victoria
Published: August 2023

Se ha descrito que el virus SARSCoV-2 tiene predilección por el receptor ECA II (Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina II)  presente en neumocitos, enterocitos y en las células trofoblásticas de la  placenta.  Estudiamos seis casos de placentas de gestantes PCR positivas para SARSCov2. Cinco, con, antecedentes patológicos importantes se infectaron en el tercer trimestre. El peso placentario fue menor de 750 gramos en cuatro. Los hallazgos morfológicos fueron inespecíficos: envejecimiento placentario, hemorragia intervellosa, corioamnionitis aguda. No observamos trombos. ACE II fue positivo en  la decidua y en el endotelio en cinco  de los seis casos. Las células del trofoblasto resultaron negativas. Dos casos tuvieron malformaciones congénitas, dos casos fueron dados de alta luego de observación, un caso presentó hipoxia neonatal atribuido a insuficiencia placentaria (la madre presentó preeclampsia) y un caso fue muerte fetal intrauterina (la madre se infectó en el segundo trimestre, la placenta presentó villitis crónica inespecífica y las membranas mostraron  corioamnionitis aguda). Consideramos que estos hallazgos sugieren la presencia del virus en los tejidos maternos y no en las vellosidades coriales. Sin embargo la perfusión placentaria si se comprometió en estos casos estudiados.  Estudios posteriores de las placentas nos permitirán conocer la fisiopatología de ésta enfermedad.
Study On Beam-Column Joints with Self Compacting Concrete
Authors: Mani E. , kumar A. Arun , raju V. Prasanth , Srihari M. , Kumar N. Praveen , Srinu K.
Published: August 2023

Innovative concrete known as Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) does not require vibration for placement or compaction. Even in the midst of crowded reinforcement, it can flow under its own weight, completely filling forms and attaining full compaction. Self- Consolidating Concrete has unique characteristics from regular concrete. The workability characteristics of self-consolidating concrete containing fly ash and silica fume with super plasticizer as the silica fume are examined in this research. Workability tests including the slump flow, V-funnel, and L-Box tests are used to assess the workability properties of SCC such as filling ability, passing ability, and segregation resistance. The cubes' compressive strength at 7 and 28 days was also measured, and it was discovered that the mixture had an excellent compressive strength.
Removal of Fluorides Using a Low-Cost Adsorbent
Authors: Srikanth N. , Reddemma S. , Hannsika K , Riyaz Sk. , Reddy G. Siva , Chakradhar Ch. , Vishnu P.
Published: August 2023

Water is one of the most precious and important resources. We must consume safe, wholesome, and drinking water. The level of fluoride in the groundwater varies greatly among regions in India. Fluoride poisoning has reportedly gone out of hand and is currently harming at least 267 districts spread over 19 states in India, according to the Ministry of Water Resources. Thirteen districts in Andhra Pradesh have a fluoride contamination problem in eleven of them. According to IS 10500 - 2012, drinking water fluoride values must be between 1.0 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L. The Nalgonda method is one of the methods used to remove too much fluoride from groundwater. These strategies all have a variety of shortcomings. Adsorption techniques have been shown to be more efficient. ResearchersDue of their affordability and effectiveness, adsorption techniques are more frequently used by researchers. Many natural materials and adsorbents are being tested globally. In this study, the Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum) leaf powder was utilized as an adsorbent to remove too much fluoride from water. Because it is a medicinal plant, it won't leave any chemicals in the water that has been treated. The study found that the highest level of fluoride removal occurs at a dosage of 0.4 g/L, which is 90.6% after three hours of interaction. Along with the initial concentration, the fluoride removal percentage increased.From the study, it can be inferred that pH value has a significant impact on the percentage of fluorides removed with Tulsi powder. High levels of fluoride removal are seen in the acidic pH range.
Comparative Study of the Strength Properties of the Concrete with Partial Replacement of the Coarse Aggregate with Pumice and Over Burnt Bricks
Authors: kumar K Sumanth , Kumar Manoj , Ramya D , Sivaiah D , Ramu K , Vishnu K Sri , reddy S Venka
Published: August 2023

Concrete is the universally accepted material for its adverse properties with high usage of the concrete for all type of the works in the world, it leads to depletion of natural resources like river sand, and granite. Which are the components of the concrete as fine aggregate and coarse aggregate in this project M30 grade concrete is taken in which 10%,20%&30% of coarse aggregate is replaced with over burnt bricks and 10%,20%and 30% of coarse aggregate replaced with pumice by volume. And the compressive, flexural and split tensile strength properties at 7,28& 56 days and the unit weights of the concrete compared. In order to safe guard the natural resources, alternate material like over burnt bricks, pumice considered in the present project.
A Study On Stabilization of Soils by Using Egg Shell Powder
Authors: Harish Dr. K. , Reddy Ch.Sandeep , Yuvaraju Ade , Prabhudeva Pabba , Hemalatha Kamepalli , Bramham Valluri , Srinivas Pinni
Published: August 2023

Using alternative materials, which have better engineering quality than traditional materials and are more cost-effective, has received a lot of attention recently. One of the most crucial components in many building projects, such as earth canals and earth dams, is soil. The fact that soil might offer all the resistant qualities required for a project highlights the value of several techniques used to enhance soil quality. The vast majority of construction projects employ clay soil. Because clay soils, especially soft clay soils, have good plastic qualities, their shear strength, compressive strength, and volume changes decrease as moisture content rises. Structures generally suffer permanent harm as a result of these issues, which emphasises how crucial soil improvement is. The use of such refuse and industrial wastes and their subsidiary products as alternatives to construction materials may effectively contribute to environmental preservation and minimize their negative effects on the Environment, especially in light of the millions of tonnes of waste produced annually across the nation, which not only poses the problem of disposal but also adds to environmental contamination and health risks. In the current study, eggshell powder was utilized as a waste to mix with soil in order to examine clay soil's index characteristics, compaction, and shear strength at various mixed proportions. The shear strength of soils that had already been tested was then contrasted with experimental specimens that had been combined with various ratios of eggshell powder.
A Smart Monitoring and Control System for the Household Electric Power Usage
Authors: Malla Nigam Bam , Ghalan Bijay
Published: August 2023

The energy consumed is frequently derived from nonrenewable sources, which may be contributing to the planet's current state of global warming. People are becoming more aware of the dangers of energy waste and are increasingly seeking further relaxation by getting numerous appliances in their homes that are left on all day, and they sometimes leave their homes with a light bulb on, heaters on, televisions on, and so on. We present in this paper the formulation and construction of a home energy management system that provides householders with uninterrupted pieces of information on their power expenditure, allowing them to conserve energy. Even though the solution to this problem is already commercially unraveled, the goal of this research is to design and build a power control system that provides users with comprehensive information regarding his/her energy needs and permits for detecting, regulating, and advanced analytics by using sustainable energy as a source of power at the local level in a Nepalese micro-grid. This project highlights the importance of renewable energy in a microgrid.
Evaluation of Necrotumic Factor, Fasting Diabetes, Fasting Insulin and Insulin Resistance Levels in Women with Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Jameel Sarah Jamal , Abdulrahman Sahib J. , Khurshid Sabah Hussain
Published: August 2023

This study aims to examine the concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, endothelial growth factors, fasting insulin, fasting blood glucose, and insulin resistance, in 70 women with gestational diabetes in the city of Kirkuk for the period between November 2022 and April 2023 in Kirkuk General Hospital and the medical and specialized clinics. The age of these women ranges between 20-40 years who were divided into two age groups: (20-29) and (30-40). Each group included (35). In addition, the control group included 20 healthy people who did not suffer from any symptoms. After obtaining blood serum, physiological and biochemical tests were conducted. The results show a significant increase (p≤0.01) in the concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in the level of fasting insulin, fasting blood sugar, and insulin resistance in women with gestational diabetes when compared with the control group. However, both groups of patients (20-29) and (30-40) showed no significant difference in the variables of the study.
Caste Issue in Literature and Regional Literature
Authors: Singh Ravindra Kumar
Published: August 2023

The key objective of this piece of writing is to examine the manner in which caste is portrayed as a subject for two popular schools of writing in India, that is, Indian Literature in English & Indian Literature in other languages. The collaboration of David Davidar & Omprakash Valmiki is chosen for the post. Among their plays, The House of Blue Mangoes (2002) & Joothan: A Dalit's Life (2003) are selected because they deal with caste problems. Both plays are critical portrayals of the lives of low-caste citizens & their efforts to come to grips with the truth of their shackled life. This is not a question of classifying the two schools of writing, but of examining their disparities in the way they explain the caste concept as portrayed in mainstream writing and regional writing. In order to understand the developments in writing & regional writing, it is important to have an overview of Indian literature in English & Indian literature in English translation.
cultural relationship between Afghanistan and Iran during the reign of Amir Amanullah Khan
Authors: Elham Mohammad Bashir , Samimi Shirali
Published: August 2023

After the end of the First World War, Amanullah Khan came to power with the contribution of the Afghan people and Reza Shah with the help of the British in the two countries of Afghanistan and Iran with a short distance from each other. Each of these kings in the early years of their reigns, trying to stabilize their position, preferred to postpone dealing with their fundamental differences in the borders, which were a legacy of the past, to another time and have good relations with each other. In this way, Amanullah Khan was a guest of Reza Shah on his return from his European trip and visited many cultural institutions and people of Iran, but due to his proximity to Turkey, Reza Shah meet him not closely when Amanullah Khan arrived in Kabul, his idea become change with Reza Shah that he was upset with Iran's government because of this, it caused the decline of Iran-Afghanistan political relations, also on the other hand Afghanistan and Iran are two countries with a common history in the period of Amanullah Khan (1919 – 1929 AD) had many fields to promote and expand of relations. There were still great global powers that always tried to prevent the expansion of political, economic, and cultural relations between the two countries, but the interest and desire of the two nations of Afghanistan and Iran led to the continuation and expansion of special cultural relations with the preservation and spread of the Persian language and literature. Despite many ups and downs of relations between the two countries, cultural relations have always been the area relied upon to improve the relations between the two neighboring countries. Because cultural relations have been expanded at this level, these relations have always been the basis and foundation for the expansion of relations for other sectors, or even the replacement of political relations, which have been the focus of attention.
BABUR'S CHARACTERIZATION SKILLS IN THE “BABURNAMA”
Authors: Khalidbek Abdullatif , Zahed Muhammad Zahir
Published: August 2023

In the history of our literature, we rarely find a book like "Baburnama" in which people and their characterization are given a large place. Characterization is like a person's height, face, eyes, clothes, behavior, and morals. In this work, we come across a clear, unique characterization of many people: when it comes to Khans, Emirs, and Begs, there are given short, clear descriptions of their date of birth and lineage, shape and appearance, morals and character, the occurrence of wars, and their commanders. This type of poetic unit, which guarantees the artistry of the author of the work, is considered one of the most important elements in the original literature.

Babur explores characters' inner lives as well as their outward manifestations when developing characterization, noting both the positive and negative aspects of historical figures. It fully demonstrates the author’s skills by portraying the characters in such a realistic manner and by clearly and thoroughly expressing their functions.
attribution of Wisdom to Prophets in Khaja Ahmad Yassawi’s works
Authors: Yoldash Najmuddin , Khalidbek Abdullatif
Published: August 2023

The present research examines the spread of Sufi doctrine throughout Central Asia, with a particular focus on that of Khoja Ahmed Yassawi. We endeavored to demonstrate their fundamental worth by utilizing Ahmed Yassawi's "Divani Hikmet" and "Masnavi" poetry, among other religious writings. In this paper, we examine the relationship between the prophets' words (Yassawi’s list of main Sufi concepts) and other mystical concepts. Our objective was to determine the artistic and aesthetic significance of these concepts in the poet's works. In addition, Khoja Ahmed Yassawi's Islamic viewpoints on morality, empathy, spiritual purification, and other related topics are presented.
A BRIEF VIEW ON THE EFFECTIVE ASPECTS OF THE HISTORIAN IN THE PROCESS OF HISTORICAL RESEARCH
Authors: Kosha Dr. Fahim
Published: August 2023

It must be acknowledged that the effects of the characteristics and qualities of successful historians in scientific historical research are important and sensitive in every aspect. Because a successful researcher always looks at the phenomena around him with curiosity and truth-seeking plans. Because he has a sensitive, dynamic and searching mind toward what is happening around him. In order to prove historical facts, experienced researchers are constantly trying to identify the authenticity of historical events and phenomena through active methods, especially criticism and analysis, controversy and debate, and make them accessible to the lovers of science and knowledge and human societies.

In the same way, the significance of the research is as the followings: it identifies the characteristics of the researcher with its positive and negative aspects, such as the good ethics of authorship, honesty, maintaining trustworthiness, having professional and specialized literacy, the authority of impartiality towards writing and the truthful expression of the content. However, regarding the negative aspects of the researcher, issues such as: bias, non-personality, biased expression and illegal betrayals of the researcher have been mentioned. Accordingly, the mentioned issues have added to the importance of this scientific research. In addition, more attention has been paid to its positive aspects and avoid its negative aspects.

Furthermore, in general the purpose of study is to include the issues of introducing the main features of researchers in the field of history. Particularly, the purpose of this study is to express the positive and negative aspects of the researcher, keeping in mind the requirements of time and maintaining trustworthiness. Last but not least, a library research method was applied to analyze and discuss the materials.
The Relationship and Factors The Parenting Style of Parents Who Married Early with The Development of Children Aged 1-5 Years
Authors: Faza Nabila  , Ariani Ariani , Safrina Dewi Ratnaningrum
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Early marriage is a major problem in the process of child rearing. Improper parenting patterns can hinder the growth and development of children. This study aims to analyze the relationship and factors that influence the parenting style of parents who marry early on the development of children aged 1 to 5 years in the Tulungagung district.
Material and Methods: Research using cross-sectional analitic observation, a sample of 203 respondents who were married under 19 years of age in 2017-2021 and had children aged 1-5 years using a questionnaire and Denver II. Statistical analysis calculation using chi-square and path analysis.
Results: The chi-square test results showed a significant relationship between the parenting style of parents who early marriage and the development of children aged 1-5 years (p<0.05). Path analysis showed that there is an influence of the parenting style of parents who early marriage on the development of children through education and number of children (p<0.05). while in terms of occupation, income, and family support, there is no influence of the parenting style of parents who early marriage on the development of children (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Parents who marry early tend to adopt an authoritarian parenting style, which can lead to poor child development. Authoritarian parenting styles have low levels of democracy and parental affection. High achievement demands on children are not matched by parental love so that it makes children feel depressed.
Characteristics of Pediatric Tuberculosis Patients at Simpang Lima Gumul Hospital, Kediri, East Java
Authors: Rika Oktania Sari  , Bayu Prabowo
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Pediatric tuberculosis can cause a variety of problems, including growth failure, disability, and death. In 2021, WHO recorded 10.6 million individuals had tuberculosis globally, with pediatric tuberculosis accounting for 11% of these cases. Indonesia is the second highest high-burden country for tuberculosis, according to the WHO. Children with tuberculosis often present non-specific and uncommon symptoms, making diagnosis challenging and frequently delayed. This study aims to present an overview of the characteristics of pediatric tuberculosis patients at Simpang Lima Gumul Hospital in Kediri, East Java.
Material and Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study with a cross-sectional method. Pediatric tuberculosis patients who received treatment at the Simpang Lima Gumul Hospital in Kediri, East Java, were the subject of research. We compiled pediatric tuberculosis patients' demographic data and clinical characteristics using medical records.
Results: Sixty-one children included in the study. Most of them were male (56%) between 1 to 5 years old (52%). Seventy-two percent had a positive tuberculin skin test; chronic cough was noted in 69% of cases. An adult contact history of tuberculosis was reported in 64% of cases, while 61% had radiographic findings from TB. 52% also had fever, 51% had lymphadenopathy, and 72% had good nutritional status.
Conclusion: Tuberculosis occurs most commonly in male children 1 to 5 years of age. The most common symptoms of pediatric tuberculosis include a positive tuberculin skin test, chronic cough, contact with adults with tuberculosis, positive radiographic findings, fever, and lymphadenopathy.
Correlation between Secreted Aspartyl Protease-5 (SAP5) on Increasing Vaginal Acidity in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Authors: Nur Sophia Matin  , Regina Ayu Fristiyanti  , Safrina Dewi Ratnaningrum  , Nurdiana Nurdiana , Sanarto Santoso  , Bambang Rahardjo
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an infection of the vaginal mucosa that extends to the vulva due to excessive growth of Candida albicans, causing a progressive decrease of Lactobacillus spp., as the main of normal flora. Decrease in the number of Lactobacillus spp. causes a reduction of lactic acid production that it was causing increasing vaginal pH. The increase in pH is due to the progressive growth of C. albicans colonies in the vaginal mucosa. In addition, the mechanism of candidiasis is also influenced by the secretion of virulence factors by C. albicans. Secreted Aspartyl Protease-5 (SAP5) is the dominant virulence factor that plays a role in changing the morphology of yeast cells into hyphae. This study aims to identify the correlation between SAP5 levels and vaginal pH.
Material and Methods: This research was conducted in vivo using a sample of Rattus norvegicus with a posttest randomized experimental group design approach. This study has two groups, i.e., Negative Control (NC) and Positive Control group (PC). SAP5 and pH samples were taken from vaginal fluids and then measured using ELISA and a digital pH meter. The statistical analysis used was Pearson Correlation to analyze the correlation between SAP5 and pH levels.
Results: There was a strong correlation (R=0.846) that means the increase of SAP5 is related to the increase of vaginal acidity in the PC group.
Conclusion: The increase in SAP5 levels is directly followed by an increase in the pH value of vaginal fluids,
Effect of Red Bean Extract (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) on IL-10 Levels in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Model
Authors: Mukhamad Nooryanto  , Tatit Nurseta  , Cholid Rohman Riskianto  , Syah Sembung Wasiso  , Yunus Yudistira
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease of unknown etiologic. Multiorgan dysfunction in women with SLE causes menstrual irregularities, ovarian failure, follicular atresia, and premature ovarian failure (POF) leading to the cessation of menstruation. Phaseolus vulgaris L. contains isoflavones that can trigger oocyte maturation, stimulate the formation of antral follicles, increase FSH receptor expression and proliferate cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. This study aims to prove the effect of red bean extract (isoflavones) in SLE by and increasing the secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-10 levels.
Material and Methods: This study used a true experimental design with a post-test-only controlled group design. The samples used in this study were at least 25 female Balb/c mice. Data on serum IL-10 levels in mice were obtained by measurement using ELISA. The data were statistically analysed using SPSS 16 for Windows software program. The data were tested for normality and homogeneity using parametric non-parametric analysis.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in ANA levels with a p-value of 0.000 in each sample. From this test, it was proven that there was a significant increase in IL-10 levels at doses of 75 mg/KgBW (P2) and 100 mg/KgBW (P3) (p-value=0.000) due to the administration of various doses of red bean extract (isoflavones).
Conclusion: Red bean extract (isoflavones) had a significant effect in increasing IL-10 levels.
Dynamique de l’interdiscursivité proverbiale chez les Dida de côte d’ivoire
Authors:   Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Côte d’Ivoire, GNESSOTÉ Dago Michel
Published: August 2023

The proverb is a literary genre that takes shape in speech. To this end, it is part of a context of communication. Through him, with him and through him, we manage to establish a relationship with others. The proverb is undoubtedly a means of transmitting knowledge that gives form to reality. At the Dida, his eternal presence in his daily life gives him a multidisciplinary dimension. In this way, it integrates several other discourses within it to interpret society and give it meaning. Far from it, the proverb is not fixed even less timeless. It is a discourse that, in Dida, interacts with other discourses in order to reflect its identity. The present study, which relies on sociolinguistics as a methodological support, aims to show how in its functioning, the proverb interacts with other discourses to account for the existential realities of the people. Keywords : dynamics, interdiscursivity, pluridiscursivity, transmission, discourse.
La nominalisation en koyó
Authors:   Université Marien NGOUABI, Congo, IKEMOU Régina Patience
Published: August 2023

The nominalization is a process of formation of substantives and nominal phrases very rich in koyó. This language presents two types of nominalizations: the lexical nominalization and the syntactic nominalization. The lexical nominalization proceeds by the creation of new substantives by the processes of derivation and composition. The nominalization by derivation is nominal, verbal, adjectival and adverbial. She/it uses six processes: the préfixation, the increase, the parasynthétique, the regression, the progression and the conversion. The nominalization by composition resorts to the processes of juxtaposition, congealment and agglutination of items for the creation of new lexical units. On his/her/its turn, the syntactic nominalization proceeds by the transformation of the simple sentences in nominal phrases. This nominalization makes use of two processes: the déverbalization and the désadjectivization. She/it is solely syntagmatic. The operations of nominalization, in koyó, establish some relations between the morphology, the syntax and the semantics. Keywords: koyó, nominalization, lexical, syntactic.