bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Democracia digital no Brasil: obrigação legal, pressão política e viabilidade tecnológica
Authors: Almada Maria Paula , Carreiro Rodrigo , Barros Samuel Rocha , Gomes Wilson da Silva
Published: January 2020

Iniciativas de democracia digital são produto da interação entre expectativas da sociedade, prioridades dos governos, vontade dos atores envolvidos, obrigação legal e viabilidade tecnológica. Este artigo apresenta os resultados de prospecção das iniciativas de democracia digital mantidas pelo governo federal em 2017, que identificou 119 delas em funcionamento. Desse total, 47,1% tinham como principal objetivo a promoção da transparência pública, 23,5% contavam com a participação de atores da sociedade em decisões, 23,5% procuravam fornecer informações e oportunidades para a educação das pessoas para a cidadania, e 5,9% proviam informações e meios para que cidadãos tivessem acesso à justiça. Não houve iniciativas para a promoção da deliberação pública.
Anna Kariênina
Authors: Borgato Rafhael
Published: January 2020

O artigo parte da recepção do romance Madame Bovary à época de seu lançamento na França para discutir a figuração literária trágica do romance realista do século XIX. Por se tratar de um período bastante abrangente, tanto em relação a obras e autores como à forma e aos temas, buscou-se abordar a questão do adultério feminino como tema estruturante, visto que o debate sobre o lugar social da mulher foi bastante relevante para a organização da sociedade burguesa oitocentista. A análise comparativa de Madame Bovary e Anna Kariênina, com destaque especial para o último, norteia o trabalho, que encontra na manifestação do trágico o ponto de contato principal entre os autores. Com isso, pretende-se apontar como a estrutura trágica do romance oitocentista constrói o imaginário de composição desse realismo social, especialmente no caso do autor russo.
Nos amis les ennemis
Authors: Marques Priscila Nascimento
Published: January 2020

A partir do exame das ideias de personagens específicas da história da cultura e da literatura russas, o presente artigo pretende oferecer uma visada original acerca da famosa querela entre eslavófilos e ocidentalistas, geralmente tida como eixo norteador do debate intelectual russo do século XIX. A escolha dos personagens — Pável Péstel (1793-1826), Aleksandr Herzen (1812-1870) e Fiódor Dostoiévski (1821-1881) — preconizou a diversidade de pontos de vista e, assim, permite entrever mais nuances do que dicotomias. Pretendemos examinar como o futuro da Rússia diante da encruzilhada geográfica e cultural que lhe é inerente se delineia no pensamento de Herzen e Dostoiévski. Péstel nos faz recuar no tempo para revelar como a querela oitocentista surgiu em meio a um debate de fundo anterior.
L’artefatta spontaneità
Authors: Aloe Stefano
Published: January 2020

Intento dell’articolo è tracciare un percorso di interpretazione di alcuni meccanismi dell’artificio letterario chiamato dai formalisti skaz, sulla base di opere ed autori fra loro molto differenti: Kys’ di Tat’jana Tolstaja, i racconti di Isaak Babel’, Capitani della spiaggia di Jorge Amado e Grande Sertão: Veredas di João Guimarães Rosa. L’elemento unificante fra queste opere è rintracciabile nella comune attitudine degli autori di concedere ad alcuni personaggi ed al narratore principale la possibilità di comunicare in maniera non filtrata il proprio punto di vista, mentre il punto di vista indiretto dell’autore tende ad eclissarsi in una posizione del tutto nascosta.
Carta de apresentação
Authors: Leme Adriana Salay , Pellerano Joana , Bianchini Nicole Leite , Aguiar Viviane Soares
Published: January 2020

Nos dias 4, 5 e 6 de dezembro de 2019, ocupamos auditórios e salas de aula do prédio de História da Universidade de São Paulo com palestras, mesas-redondas e sessões de comunicação dedicadas a discutir a temática da alimentação a partir das mais diversas perspectivas, da história da fome na Idade Média às maneiras como as mídias digitais e a propaganda vêm se acercando do assunto em tempos recentes. Reunimos pesquisadores, professores e estudantes da Amazônia ao Rio Grande do Sul, passando pela Bahia, por Goiás, pelo Rio de Janeiro, por São Paulo e até mesmo por Paris e Berna, na Suíça. Trouxemos especialistas da Espanha (o antropólogo Jesús Contreras), da França (o historiador da alimentação Bruno Laurioux), dos Estados Unidos (a historiadora e curadora de museus Shirley Wajda). Montamos uma farta programação (disponível no site spalimenta.hypotheses.org), contrariando todas as tendências deste ano político de 2019, marcado por lamentáveis cortes, ou “incontingências”, exatamente no setor da Educação.
A necessidade um olhar biopsicosociocultural na ciência da Nutrição
Authors: Alvarenga Marle
Published: January 2020

A Nutrição, classicamente classificada como uma disciplina da área das biológicas, infelizmente tem focado muito apenas os nutrientes, sendo caracterizada hoje até pelo nutricionis- mo: foco tão grande no nutriente e energia que faz as pessoas esquecerem que comem comida. Concordamos com alguns pesquisadores que afirmam que a Nutrição pode ser quase classificada como “uma racionalidade científica do comer”. A interdisciplinaridade na área da alimentação é fundamental, e a Nutrição como ciência precisa aprender muito com historiadores, antropólogos, sociólogos e outros pesquisadores das ciências humanas, para resgatar o foco no alimento – que vem antes do nutriente; e também o foco no ser humano comedor e consumidor – que vem antes de um processo fisiológico e metabólico de assimilação de nutrientes. Alguns pesquisadores da área da Nutrição têm se debruçado sobre o tema alimento e seus arredores socioculturais e psicológicos, mas há muito a ampliar nesse sentido, e a interdisciplinaridade é, portanto, fundamental. Esta necessidade se evidencia também pelo fato de que nunca se falou tanto de Nutrição e o acesso às informações sobre o tema nunca foi tão amplo (mesmo havendo desinformação e controvérsias), mas as pessoas não estão mais saudáveis: os índices de obesidade e transtornos alimentares e doenças crônicas não transmissíveis atestam isto. Mais do que nunca é preciso entender os múltiplos fatores envolvidos nas decisões sobre o que comer, e apenas parâmetros nutricionais numéricos de necessidades e recomendações não vão responder às demandas da atualidade.
Doenças carenciais no período da seca de 1877-1879 na Província do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: Araújo Avohanne Isabelle Costa de
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as doenças de ordem carencial que foram registra- das durante a seca de 1877-1879 no Rio Grande do Norte. Eu parto desta seca para entender as condições sociais pelas quais as populações viviam, pensando na saúde e nas enfermidades, pois como defendem Durval Muniz de Albuquerque Junior e Paulo Cesar Gonçalves, esta seca se diferencia das anteriores pela visibilidade que a elite política do Norte (atual Nordeste) trouxe em seus discursos, utilizando-a como argumento para conseguir recursos no intuito de combater as secas e as misérias assoladas pela fome nas províncias afetadas (dentre elas, o Rio Grande do Norte), chegando ao patamar de “problema nacional”, com seu cortejo de calamidades: falta d’água, de alimentos, dizimação dos rebanhos, elevada mortalidade e epidemias. Outra justificativa em optar por esta delimitação temporal é que, por meio da análise das fontes governamentais, pude encontrar notificações de doenças carenciais como beribéri e escorbuto. No tocante à metodologia, utilizo o cruzamento das fontes, classificação e análise qualitativa das temáticas encontradas na documentação, mapeamento das doenças carenciais que assolavam a população sertaneja do Rio Grande do Norte e produção de tabelas a partir dos dados encontrados nas fontes. Por meio da análise dos Relatórios dos Presidentes de Província do RN, dos jornais e dos relatos de memorialistas que viveram neste período, quero entender a dimensão social dessas doenças a partir das discussões de Anny Jackeline Torres Silveira, Dilene Raimundo do Nascimento e Claudine Herzlich, levando em consideração a dieta alimentar que era consumida pela população sertaneja, as condições econômicas da agricultura, pecuária e a situação da água durante este período. Todos estes aspectos são importantes para refletir sobre as condições de vida e saúde dos retirantes que migravam à procura de alimentos e água, além dos impactos que a fome causava na vida dessa população. Assim, dos resultados colhidos até o presente momento, as doenças mais comuns (além dos surtos epidêmicos) foram de ordem carencial como beribéri e escorbuto, cujo motivo estava relacionado a uma dieta pobre em nutrientes e vitaminas e em virtude dos alimentos que se tornavam escassos durante a seca. Problematizar as doenças carenciais, levando em consideração a sua dimensão social, amplia o olhar dos historiadores para refletir sobre os problemas frequentes de crise alimentícia, as dificuldades no abastecimento dos gêneros alimentícios, a qualidade dos alimentos que existiam disponíveis no comércio das cidades dos sertões do Rio Grande do Norte, a dieta-base da população migrante, as condições de vida e as explicações médicas perante o aparecimento dessas moléstias. Isso nos leva a compreender também o próprio papel do Estado perante as políticas de calamidade que envolviam, principalmente, a seca, a fome e as doenças em fins do século XIX.
Na trama das “Cestas Verdes”
Authors: Frizo Bárbara Lellis de Sá , Grilo Mariana Fagundes , Silva Júnior Roberto Donato da , Oliveira Julicristie Machado de
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar pesquisa de mestrado acerca da implementação do programa “Cestas Verdes”, uma vertente do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), na cidade de Limeira (SP), de abril de 2015 a novembro de 2016. Este desenrolou-se de maneira particular no município, com uma mudança de traçado no intuito de abranger famílias em Insegurança Alimentar e Nutricional (IAN) com as chamadas “Cestas Verdes”. Estavam envolvidos o Centro de Promoção Social Municipal (Ceprosom), responsável pela gestão do programa, bem como a cooperativa de agricultores do acampamento rural Elizabeth Teixeira. Tendo o alimento como fio condutor, observou-se a rede sociotécnica que o programa foi capaz de articular nos eixos: I. produção no acampamento, II. gestão municipal e III. distribuição às famílias. Por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, observação participante e grupos focais, foi possível constatar que a experiência em Limeira garantiu renda às famílias do acampamento que trabalham e se identificam com a agricultura, melhorando sua situação de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN), uma vez que os alimentos que vendiam também eram para autoconsumo; para as gestoras essa política representou um desafio e um novo modo de fazer o trabalho mesmo com acesso limitado à discussão de SAN; e, para as famílias, os alimentos foram uma melhora material e significativa na alimentação, tanto nos casos que tiveram profissionais da Nutrição trabalhando conjuntamente, quanto para os que não passaram por esse acompanhamento. Com efeito, essa experiência mostrou a teia que o programa foi capaz de coadunar entre humanos e não humanos em prol da noção de SAN, mesmo que por um breve período.
Effects of Post-Translational Modifications of Fibrinogen on Clot Formation, Clot Structure, and Fibrinolysis
Authors: de Vries Judith J. , Snoek Charlotte J.M. , Rijken Dingeman C. , de Maat Moniek P.M.
Published: January 2020

Objective:

Post-translational modifications of fibrinogen influence the occurrence and progression of thrombotic diseases. In this systematic review, we assessed the current literature on post-translational modifications of fibrinogen and their effects on fibrin formation and clot characteristics.

Approach and Results:

A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science was performed to find studies reporting post-translational modifications of fibrinogen and the effects on clot formation and structure. Both in vitro studies and ex vivo studies using patient material were included. One hundred five articles were included, describing 11 different modifications of fibrinogen. For the best known and studied modifications, conclusions could be drawn about their effect on clot formation and structure. Oxidation, high levels of nitration, and glycosylation inhibit the rate of polymerization, resulting in dense clots with thinner fibers, while low levels of nitration increase the rate of polymerization. Glycation showed different results for polymerization, but fibrinolysis was found to be decreased, as a consequence of increased density and decreased permeability of clots. Acetylation also decreases the rate of polymerization but results in increased fiber diameters and susceptibility to fibrinolysis. Other modifications were studied less or contrasting results were found. Therefore, substantial gaps in the knowledge about the effect of post-translational modifications remain.

Conclusions:

Overall, post-translational modifications do affect clot formation and characteristics. More studies need to be performed to reveal the effects of all post-translational modifications and the effects on thrombotic diseases. Expanding the knowledge about modifications of fibrinogen can ultimately contribute to optimizing treatments for thrombotic diseases.
Involvement of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Receptor in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Umar Soban , Ruffenach Gregoire , Moazeni Shayan , Vaillancourt Mylene , Hong Jason , Cunningham Christine , Cao Nancy , Navab Sara , Sarji Shervin , Li Min , Lee Lisa , Fishbein Greg , Ardehali Abbas , Navab Mohamad , Reddy Srinivasa T. , Eghbali Mansoureh
Published: January 2020

Background

Recently, we and others have reported a causal role for oxidized lipids in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension (
PH
). However, the role of low‐density lipoprotein receptor (
LDL
‐R) in
PH
is not known.

Methods and Results

We examined the role of
LDL
‐R in the development of
PH
and determined the efficacy of high‐density lipoprotein mimetic peptide 4F in mitigating
PH
. Explanted human lungs and plasma from patients with PH and control subjects were analyzed for gene expression, histological characteristics, and lipoprotein oxidation. Male
LDL
‐R null (
LDL
‐R knockout) mice (12–15 months old) were fed chow, Western diet (
WD
),
WD
with 4F, and
WD
with scramble peptide for 12 weeks. Serial echocardiography, cardiac catheterization, oxidized
LDL
assay, real‐time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and histological analysis were performed. The effect of
LDL
‐R knockdown and oxidized
LDL
on human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation was assessed in vitro.
LDL
‐R and
CD
36 expression levels were significantly downregulated in the lungs of patients with PH. Patients with PH also had increased lung lipid deposits, oxidized
LDL
, E06 immunoreactivity, and plasma oxidized
LDL
/
LDL
ratio.
LDL
‐R knockout mice on
WD
developed
PH
, right ventricular hypertrophy, right ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary vascular remodeling, fibrosis, and lipid deposition in lungs, aortic atherosclerosis, and left ventricular dysfunction, which were prevented by 4F. Interestingly,
PH
in
WD
group preceded left ventricular dysfunction. Oxidized
LDL
or
LDL
‐R knockdown significantly increased proliferation of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro.

Conclusions

Human
PH
is associated with decreased
LDL
‐R in lungs and increased oxidized
LDL
in lungs and plasma.
WD‐
fed
LDL
‐R knockout mice develop
PH
and right ventricular dysfunction, implicating a role for
LDL
‐R and oxidized lipids in
PH
.
Abnormal Serum Sodium is Associated With Increased Mortality Among Unselected Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Patients
Authors: Breen Thomas , Brueske Benjamin , Sidhu Mandeep S. , Murphree Dennis H. , Kashani Kianoush B. , Barsness Gregory W. , Jentzer Jacob C.
Published: January 2020

Background

Abnormal serum sodium levels have been associated with higher mortality among patients with acute coronary syndromes and heart failure. We sought to describe the association between sodium levels and mortality among unselected cardiac intensive care unit (
CICU
) patients.

Methods and Results

We retrospectively reviewed consecutive adult patients admitted to our cardiac intensive care unit from 2007 to 2015. Hyponatremia and hypernatremia were defined as admission serum sodium <135 and >145
mE
q/L, respectively. In‐hospital mortality was assessed by multivariable regression, and postdischarge mortality was evaluated by Cox proportional‐hazards analysis. We included 9676 patients with a mean age of 68±15 years (37.5% females). Hyponatremia occurred in 1706 (17.6%) patients, and hypernatremia occurred in 322 (3.3%) patients; these groups had higher illness severity and a greater number of comorbidities. Risk of hospital mortality was higher with hyponatremia (15.5% versus 7.5%; unadjusted odds ratio, 2.41; 95%
CI
, 2.06–2.82;
P
<0.001) or hypernatremia (17.7% versus 8.6%; unadjusted odds ratio, 2.82; 95%
CI
, 2.09–3.80;
P
<0.001), with a J‐shaped relationship between admission sodium and mortality. After multivariate adjustment, only hyponatremia was significantly associated with in‐hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.14–1.76;
P
=0.002). Among hospital survivors, risk of postdischarge mortality was higher in patients with hyponatremia (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.28; 95%
CI
, 1.17–1.41;
P
<0.001) or hypernatremia (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.36; 95%
CI,
1.12–1.64;
P
=0.002).

Conclusions

Hyponatremia and hypernatremia on admission to the cardiac intensive care unit are associated with increased unadjusted short‐ and long‐term mortality. Further studies are needed to determine whether correcting abnormal sodium levels can improve outcomes in cardiac intensive care unit patients.
Safety and Outcomes of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Posterior Versus Anterior Circulation Stroke
Authors: Keselman Boris , Gdovinová Zuzana , Jatuzis Dalius , Melo Teresa Pinho E. , Vilionskis Aleksandras , Cavallo Roberto , Frol Senta , Jurak Lubomir , Koyuncu Bahar , Nunes Ana Paiva , Petrone Alfredo , Lees Kennedy R. , Mazya Michael V.
Published: January 2020

Background and Purpose—

Posterior circulation stroke (PCS) accounts for 5% to 19% of patients with acute stroke receiving intravenous thrombolysis. We aimed to compare safety and outcomes following intravenous thrombolysis between patients with PCS and anterior circulation stroke (ACS) and incorporate the results in a meta-analysis.

Methods—

We included patients in the Safe Implementation of Treatments in Stroke Thrombolysis Registry 2013 to 2017 with computed tomography/magnetic resonance angiographic occlusion data. Outcomes were parenchymal hematoma, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (SICH) per SITS-MOST (Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke Monitoring Study), ECASS II (Second European Co-operative Stroke Study) and NINDS (Neurological Disorders and Stroke definition), 3-month modified Rankin Scale score, and death. Adjustment for SICH risk factors (age, sex, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, blood pressure, glucose, and atrial fibrillation) and center was done using inverse probability treatment weighting, after which an average treatment effect (ATE) was calculated. Meta-analysis of 13 studies comparing outcomes in PCS versus ACS after intravenous thrombolysis was conducted.

Results—

Of 5146 patients, 753 had PCS (14.6%). Patients with PCS had lower median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale: 7 (interquartile range, 4–13) versus 13 (7–18),
P
<0.001 and fewer cerebrovascular risk factors. In patients with PCS versus ACS, parenchymal hematoma occurred in 3.2% versus 7.9%, ATE (95% CI): −4.7% (−6.3% to 3.0%); SICH SITS-MOST in 0.6% versus 1.9%, ATE: −1.4% (−2.2% to −0.7%); SICH NINDS in 3.1% versus 7.8%, ATE: −3.0% (−6.3% to 0.3%); SICH ECASS II in 1.8% versus 5.4%, ATE: −2.3% (−5.3% to 0.7%). In PCS versus ACS, 3-month outcomes (70% data availability) were death 18.5% versus 20.5%, ATE: 6.0% (0.7%–11.4%); modified Rankin Scale score 0–1, 45.2% versus 37.5%, ATE: 1.7% (−6.6% to 3.2%); modified Rankin Scale score 0–2, 61.3% versus 49.4%, ATE: 2.4% (3.1%–7.9%). Meta-analysis showed relative risk for SICH in PCS versus ACS being 0.49 (95% CI, 0.32–0.75).

Conclusions—

The risk of bleeding complications after intravenous thrombolysis in PCS was half that of ACS, with similar functional outcomes and higher risk of death, acknowledging limitations of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale for stroke severity or infarct size adjustment.
A new species of Ilex sect. Ilex (Aquifoliaceae) from Guangdong, China

Authors: JIANG LEI , WU LIN-FANG , HUANG GUAN-BIN , YU JIA-RONG , HE BI-SHENG , XU KE-WANG
Published: January 2020

A new species, Ilex jiangmenensis, is described from Gudoushan Provincial Nature Reserve of Jiangmen City, a coastal city in southern Guangdong, China. It was observed to grow in rock crevices or beside the evergreen broad-leaved forests in the mountains of Gudoushan and Nanfengshan at an elevation of 50–550 m. The new species differs from its morphologically most similar species I. pingheensis by its much smaller leave blade, acute or short acuminate apex of leave blade, pistillate inflorescences with fascicles 1–2(–4)-flowered, and staminate inflorescences with individual branches of the fascicles (1)–3-flowered.
Lectotypification of twelve names of the tribe Paullinieae (Sapindaceae)

Authors: MASSING ANGELO AUGUSTINHO , MIOTTO SÍLVIA TERESINHA SFOGGIA
Published: January 2020

The Paullinieae tribe belongs to the Sapindaceae family and includes climbing plants, rarely erect, herbaceous or woody. The distribution is predominantly american, with some species found on other continents. In the review of the tribe, several nomenclatural problems were verified mainly in relation of the types identification. Therefore, in this work, twelve lectotypes are proposed: three species for the genus Paullinia, six for Serjania, two for Thinouia and one for Urvillea.
Dentipellis fimbriata sp. nov. (Russulales, Basidiomycota) from subtropical Taiwan

Authors: WEI CHIA-LING , CHANG CHIUNG-CHIH , WU SHENG-HUA
Published: January 2020

Dentipellis fimbriata sp. nov. is described and illustrated from Taiwan. This new species is characterized by odontoid to hydnoid hymenophore, margin with rhizomorphs, monomitic hyphal system with clamp connections, subiculum with yellowish brown hyphae, aculeal trama with numerous tubular gloeocystidia, and amyloid basidiospores. Morphological and phylogenetic studies based on ITS and 28S rDNA sequences, support this new species in Dentipellis. We provide a key to species of Dentipellis, Dentipellicula and Dentipellopsis.
Taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Telemiades Hübner, [1819 (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Eudaminae), with descriptions of fourteen new species
Authors: SIEWERT RICARDO RUSSO , MIELKE OLAF HERMANN HENDRIK , CASAGRANDE MIRNA MARTINS
Published: January 2020

Telemiades Hübner, [1819] is currently comprised of 22 species and 14 subspecies distributed exclusively in the neotropics. The genus is defined by the morphological pattern of the uncus, apiculus, labial palpi and venation. However, some species have a uniform pattern of coloration making it difficult to establish their correct identity in some cases. The aims of the present study were to present a taxonomic revision of Telemiades Hübner, [1819] in order to provide a stable taxonomic hypothesis for the group, to describe the new species and to present diagnoses to help in species identification. According to the present study, Telemiades is now composed of 41 species. Fourteen new species are recognized and described. Three subspecies are here treated as valid species: T. marpesus (Hewitson, 1876) stat. rest., T. misitheus Mabille, 1888 stat. rest. and T. pekahia (Hewitson, 1868) stat. rest. Two synonyms are treated as valid species: T. insulsus (Draudt, 1922), stat. rev. and T. xantho Hayward, 1939 stat. rev. Five new synonyms are proposed: Plesioneura lamus Mabille, 1888 syn. nov. and Telemiades antiope tosca Evans, 1953 syn. nov. of T. antiope (Plötz, 1882), Echelatus punctatus Mabille & Boullet, 1917 syn. nov. of T. epicalus Hübner, [1819], Proteides nicola Plötz, 1882 syn. nov. of T. laogonus (Hewitson, 1876) and Eudamus phlius Plötz, 1881 syn. nov. of T. nicomedes (Möschler, 1879). To provide stability for existing names, six neotypes were designated for: Proteides amphion Geyer, 1832, Plesioneura compressa Möschler, 1877, Papilio avitus Stoll, 1781, Telegonus mygdon Möschler, 1877, Proteides aesopus Plötz, 1882 and Papilio corbulo Stoll, 1781; and 19 lectotypes for: Aethilla buffumi Weeks, 1906, Eudamus marpesus Hewitson, 1876, Telemiades misitheus Mabille, 1888, Pterygospidea pekahia Hewitson, 1868, Telemiades lurideolus Mabille, 1877, Eudamus laogonus Hewitson, 1876, Eudamus penidas Hewitson, 1867, Telemiades ceramina Herrich–Schäffer, 1869, Telemiades megalloides Schaus, 1902, Pythonides hoyti Weeks, 1906, Eudamus praestes Hewitson, 1876, Telemiades epicalus Hübner, [1819], Eudamus phasias Hewitson, 1867, Telemiades arcturus Herrich–Schäffer, 1869, Echelatus punctatus Mabille & Boullet, 1917, Eudamus centrites Hewitson, 1870, Telegonus gallius Mabille, 1888, Telegonus nicomedes Möschler, 1879, and Arteurotia meris Plötz, 1886.
Windows of Opportunity for Skillful Forecasts Subseasonal to Seasonal and Beyond
Authors: Mariotti Annarita , Baggett Cory , Barnes Elizabeth A. , Becker Emily , Butler Amy , Collins Dan C. , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Ferranti Laura , Johnson Nathaniel C. , Jones Jeanine , Kirtman Ben P. , Lang Andrea L. , Molod Andrea , Newman Matthew , Robertson Andrew W. , Schubert Siegfried , Waliser Duane E. , Albers John
Published: January 2020

There is high demand and a growing expectation for predictions of environmental conditions that go beyond 0–14-day weather forecasts with outlooks extending to one or more seasons and beyond. This is driven by the needs of the energy, water management, and agriculture sectors, to name a few. There is an increasing realization that, unlike weather forecasts, prediction skill on longer time scales can leverage specific climate phenomena or conditions for a predictable signal above the weather noise. Currently, it is understood that these conditions are intermittent in time and have spatially heterogeneous impacts on skill, hence providing strategic windows of opportunity for skillful forecasts. Research points to such windows of opportunity, including El Niño or La Niña events, active periods of the Madden–Julian oscillation, disruptions of the stratospheric polar vortex, when certain large-scale atmospheric regimes are in place, or when persistent anomalies occur in the ocean or land surface. Gains could be obtained by increasingly developing prediction tools and metrics that strategically target these specific windows of opportunity. Across the globe, reevaluating forecasts in this manner could find value in forecasts previously discarded as not skillful. Users’ expectations for prediction skill could be more adequately met, as they are better aware of when and where to expect skill and if the prediction is actionable. Given that there is still untapped potential, in terms of process understanding and prediction methodologies, it is safe to expect that in the future forecast opportunities will expand. Process research and the development of innovative methodologies will aid such progress.
Energetic Submesoscale Dynamics in the Ocean Interior
Authors: Siegelman Lia
Published: January 2020

Submesoscale ocean processes, characterized by order-1 Rossby and Richardson numbers, are currently thought to be mainly confined to the ocean surface mixed layer, whereas the ocean interior is commonly assumed to be in quasigeostrophic equilibrium. Here, a realistic numerical simulation in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, with a 1/48° horizontal resolution and tidal forcing, is used to demonstrate that the ocean interior departs from the quasigeostrophic regime down to depths of 900 m, that is, well below the mixed layer. Results highlight that, contrary to the classical paradigm, the ocean interior is strongly ageostrophic, with a pronounced cyclone–anticyclone asymmetry and a dominance of frontogenesis over frontolysis. Numerous vortices and filaments, from the surface down to 900 m, are characterized by large Rossby and low Richardson numbers, strong lateral gradients of buoyancy, and vigorous ageostrophic frontogenesis. These deep submesoscales fronts are only weakly affected by internal gravity waves and drive intense upward vertical heat fluxes, consistent with recent observations in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Gulf Stream. As such, deep submesoscale fronts are an efficient pathway for the transport of heat from the ocean interior to the surface, suggesting the presence of an intensified oceanic restratification at depth.
Nigeria’s Regional Hegemonic Conundrum: The Oil Connection
Authors: Basiru Adeniyi , Salawu Adelabu , Arogundade Martins , Ogunwa Samuel
Published: January 2020

This article, using documentary analysis, adopts a fresh perspective to understanding why Nigeria, in spite of its exceptional potentials, has not attained hegemonic pre-eminence in Africa. Specifically, it seeks to decipher the central driver of the country’s hegemonic conundrum. It notes and argues that although many endogenous factors, alone or in combination, could have worked and are still at work to undercut Nigeria’s quest for regional hegemony, the central factor is the oil-induced rentier political economy which has not only marginalized the indigenous productive sector, but has also institutionalized rentier culture that had tended to feed into the country’s foreign policy processes and, by extension, diminished its stature in the comity of nations. It concludes that in as much as oil remains the central locus and vertebra of the country’s economy, and the country continues to be presided over by leaders who lack the willpower to strategically diversify the economy and institute effective framework for governing the oil sector, the country’s quest for hegemonic pre-eminence in West Africa is more likely to remain a cherished dream.
Assessment of Long-Term Outcomes Associated With a Lobulated Pedicled Nasal Mucosa Flap Technique for Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy Without Stenting
Authors: Wang Dong , Fang Ping , Zhao Yi
Published: January 2020

Objective:

This study describes a surgical approach wherein a lobulated pedicled nasal mucosa flap technique was employed for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EDCR) as a means of treating nasolacrimal duct obstructions. This study also assessed the long-term outcomes of this EDCR approach when implemented without stenting.

Methods:

This was a retrospective study of a total of 63 patients (67 eyes) treated for nasolacrimal duct obstructions between January 2011 and November 2016. All patients had undergone ophthalmic diagnosis followed by EDCR treatment using a lobulated pedicled nasal mucosa flap without stenting. Patients were then monitored for both anatomical patency and sustained symptom relief during the follow-up period in order to assess objective and subjective study outcomes.

Results:

Patients were followed for a mean of 25.3 ± 1.2 months (range: 24-28 months), with a 100% anatomical patency success rate (67/67) and a 94.03% symptomatic cure rate (63/67). There were no instances of complications.

Conclusions:

The use of a lobulated pedicled nasal mucosa flap technique for EDCR without stenting is a straightforward, effective, and safe approach that keeps bone exposure to a minimum while offering a high rate of satisfactory outcomes, making it a procedure worthy of consideration as a means of treating patients suffering from nasolacrimal duct obstructions.
Psychometric models for scoring multiple reporter assessments: Applications to integrative data analysis in prevention science and beyond
Authors: Curran Patrick J. , Georgeson A. R. , Bauer Daniel J. , Hussong Andrea M.
Published: January 2020

Conducting valid and reliable empirical research in the prevention sciences is an inherently difficult and challenging task. Chief among these is the need to obtain numerical scores of underlying theoretical constructs for use in subsequent analysis. This challenge is further exacerbated by the increasingly common need to consider multiple reporter assessments, particularly when using integrative data analysis to fit models to data that have been pooled across two or more independent samples. The current article uses both simulated and real data to examine the utility of a recently proposed psychometric model for multiple reporter data called the trifactor model (TFM) in settings that might be commonly found in prevention research. Results suggest that numerical scores obtained using the TFM are superior to more traditional methods, particularly when pooling samples that contribute different reporter perspectives.
Primary cardiac lymphomas may present under different phenotypes
Authors: Sromicki Juri , Rodriguez Hector , Reser Diana , Van Hemelrijck Mathias , Maisano Francesco , Mestres Carlos-A
Published: January 2020

Primary cardiac neoplasms are uncommon and often present with nonspecific cardiac symptoms. Proper treatment can only be initiated after histological analysis of a surgical specimen. Two cases of primary cardiac lymphoma with various clinical presentations and different growth patterns are presented here.
Delaminated Rotator Cuff Tears Showed Lower Short-term Retear Rates After Arthroscopic Double-Layer Repair Versus Bursal Layer–Only Repair: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Heuberer Philipp R. , Pauzenberger Leo , Gruber Michael S. , Ostermann Roman C. , Hexel Michael , Laky Brenda , Anderl Werner
Published: January 2020

Background:

The rotator cuff is known to consist of 2 macroscopically visible layers that have different biomechanical properties. Sometimes the inferior layer may be neglected during rotator cuff repair. However, it is controversial whether double-layer (DL) repair is superior to single-layer (SL) repair in terms of retear rate and outcome.

Purpose:

To investigate whether DL as compared with SL repair could decrease retear rates after arthroscopic reconstruction of posterosuperior rotator cuff tears.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 70 patients were 1:1 randomized to receive an arthroscopic DL reconstruction (study group: DL suture-bridge repair) or SL reconstruction (control group: SL suture-bridge repair) for posterosuperior tears of the rotator cuff between 2.0 and 3.5 cm of the footprint detachment. Exclusion criteria were subscapularis tendon rupture (Lafosse >1°), fatty muscular infiltration >2°, and nondelaminated tendons. Tendon integrity according to Sugaya, fatty degeneration, and muscular atrophy were evaluated by magnetic resonance tomography. Pre- and postoperative evaluations included the Constant score, range of motion, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Simple Shoulder Test, subjective shoulder value, and postoperative satisfaction with the procedure. Complications were monitored throughout the study.

Results:

Ninety percent of patients (n = 34, DL; n = 29, SL) were followed-up. There were no significant group differences regarding baseline characteristics and pre- and postoperative fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus and atrophy of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus. The rate of magnetic resonance–verified intact repairs (Sugaya grades 1 + 2) was significantly higher in the DL group (70.6%) than in the SL group (44.8%; P = .045). One patient in the control group with a retear underwent revision. All functional and subjective scores improved significantly pre- to postoperatively in both groups ( P < .05). No significant group differences were detected regarding postoperative Constant score, forward flexion, external rotation, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, Simple Shoulder Test, subjective shoulder value, and visual analog scale and between intact and retorn tendons. The majority of patients were very satisfied or satisfied with their arthroscopic procedure (DL, 94.1%; SL, 92.9%).

Conclusion:

This randomized controlled trial showed significantly lower retear rates after DL repair as compared with SL repair in delaminated rotator cuff tears. Clinical short-term outcome was not different between the DL and SL repair groups.

Registration:

NCT003362320 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Mechanisms of the Learning Impact of Teacher-Organized Online Schoolwork Sharing Among Primary School Students
Authors: Lai Chun , Wen Yun , Gao Tian , Lin Chin-Hsi
Published: January 2020

Despite the increasing amount of literature on the educational potential of social media for learning, little is understood about how different functions of social media might affect learning in the K-12 context, the primary school education context in particular. This study examined the effect on learning of a key function of social media—online sharing. It examined how teacher-organized online schoolwork sharing on a social media-based platform, Seesaw, influenced a group of primary school students’ learning. Survey responses from 337 primary school students revealed that students had positive perceptions of the impact of schoolwork sharing on learning. Structural equation modeling analysis of the survey responses revealed that online schoolwork sharing influenced individual student learning primarily through enhanced perceptions of the value of online sharing for learning from peer review, which influenced learners’ efforts in schoolwork. Efforts in schoolwork then positively influenced students’ self-efficacy in learning. The findings suggest that primary school teachers should actively utilize the sharing function of social media to facilitate student learning. The findings also underscore the importance of enhancing peer review and students’ perceptions of its value in order to maximize the learning potential of online schoolwork sharing for primary school students.
Characteristics of Childhood Family Violence Experiences in Spanish Batterers
Authors: Teva Inmaculada , Hidalgo-Ruzzante Natalia , Pérez-García Miguel , Bueso-Izquierdo Natalia
Published: January 2020

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) constitutes a major public health problem worldwide. The existing links between childhood family violence experiences and perpetration of IPV during adulthood suggest that violence is transmitted across generations. The aims of this study were to provide new insights into characteristics of the history of childhood family violence in a sample of Spanish convicted male batterers and to examine what typology of batterer (specialist or generalist) is more likely to have had different types of childhood experiences of violence in the family context. Participants were 740 men convicted of IPV whose ages ranged from 18 to 71 years old ( M = 39.74; SD = 10.01). Of them, 305 men were classified as specialist batterers, and 391 men were classified as generalist batterers. Participants completed a questionnaire made ad hoc regarding family of origin violence and sociodemographic aspects. Results showed that, in comparison with generalist batterers, specialist batterers had higher likelihood of having experienced child abuse or maltreatment during their childhood, having experienced physical punishment and child neglect, having their father as the aggressor of such experienced situations of abuse, or maltreatment. Likewise, specialist batterers had higher likelihood of having been witnesses of family violence, having witnessed physical and psychological violence in the family, having witnessed their mother and siblings being the victims and their father being the aggressor when family violence occurred. This study emphasized the need for identifying children exposed to direct and indirect family violence because they could be a vulnerable group for future IPV perpetration. Moreover, variables related to childhood family violence must be considered when developing intervention treatment programs focused on male specialist batterers.
Cost Analysis of Operating a Human Milk Bank in China
Authors: Daili Cun , Kunkun Zhang , Guangjun Yu
Published: January 2020

Background

Establishing a human milk bank for the benefit of premature newborns who are unable to receive their mothers’ milk for various reasons is a common initiative. To date, 19 human milk banks have been established in China; however, data associated with human milk banks are lacking, including information on the operational costs, guidelines, and regulatory systems for human milk banks in China.

Research Aim

Our study aim was to conduct a cost analysis for the human milk bank at Shanghai Children’s Hospital.

Methods

A management accounting approach, based on the activity-based costing method, was used to develop a cost model for donor human milk. The data were collected retrospectively and included budget plans, financial and expenditure reports, databases, and interviews with the staff and managers at the Shanghai Children’s Hospital Human Milk Bank in 2017.

Results

In 2017, the total volume of qualified donor human milk was 933.70 L, of which 842.71 L (90%) was frozen and 90.99 L (10%) was freshly donated on site. The total annual cost to provide milk for 212 high-risk infants in 2017 was US$156,923, and the unit cost was US$168/L.

Conclusions

The operating costs of human milk banks in China are similar to those in other countries internationally, but these costs are so large that they require government and society support for funding and milk donation. Therefore, ongoing breastfeeding support for mothers and measures to reduce the operating costs of human milk banks should be advocated.
Career Goal Setting and Goal Pursuit in Young Adults: The Role of Financial Distress
Authors: Creed Peter A. , Sawitri Dian R. , Hood Michelle , Hu Shi
Published: January 2020

Informed by goal-setting/self-regulatory theories, we tested the mediating role of career-related effort (i.e., goal striving) in the relationships between career-related indecision (i.e., goal ambiguity) and career-related stress (i.e., affect) and perceived employability (i.e., career-related attitude) and examined the effect of financial distress as a moderator in these direct and indirect relationships. Using a sample of 202 young adults ( Mage = 19.8 years, 81.7% female), we found career indecision was related negatively to effort and perceived employability and positively to stress, with effort mediating between indecision and both stress and perceived employability. However, financial distress influenced these relationships. The associations between career indecision and effort and perceived employability were more negative and the associations between career indecision and stress were more positive when financial distress was higher. The study contributes by identifying how financial distress affects the relationships between career indecision, effort, and other career variables.
An intelligent fault diagnosis method of rolling bearings based on Welch power spectrum transformation with radial basis function neural network
Authors: Jin Zhihao , Han Qicheng , Zhang Kai , Zhang Yimin
Published: January 2020

In the intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearings, the high recognition accuracy is hardly achieved when small training samples and strong noise happen. In this article, a novel fault diagnosis method is proposed, that is radial basis function neural network with power spectrum of Welch method. This fault diagnosis model adopts the way of end-to-end operating mode. It takes the original vibration signal (time-domain signal) as input, and Welch method transforms the data from time-domain signals to power spectrums and suppresses high strength noise. Then the results of Welch method are classified by radial basis function neural network. To test the performance of radial basis function neural network with power spectrum of Welch method, the method is compared with some advanced fault diagnosis methods, and the limit performance test for radial basis function neural network with power spectrum of Welch method is carried out to obtain its ultimate diagnosis ability. The results show that the proposed method can realize the high diagnostic precision without the complex feature extraction from the signal. At the same time, in the case of a small amount of training data, this method also can achieve the diagnosis in high precision. Moreover, the anti-noise performance of radial basis function neural network with power spectrum of Welch method is better than the performance of some fault diagnosis methods proposed in recent years.
The Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Continuous Performance Task Among Young Men With ADHD
Authors: Dan Orrie , Cohen Ami , Asraf Kfir , Saveliev Ivgeny , Haimov Iris
Published: January 2020

Objective: To identify the impact of sleep deprivation on functioning of young adults with or without ADHD on a continuous performance attention task. Method: Thirty-four men ( M age = 25.38) with ( n = 16) or without ( n = 18) ADHD completed a continuous performance task before and after 25 hr of sustained wakefulness in a controlled environment. Results: In both groups, sleep deprivation caused a decline in performance on all variables: omission errors, commission errors, reaction time, and reaction time variability. In addition, the ADHD group made more omission and commission errors, and had greater reaction time variability. Conclusion: Sleep deprivation has a detrimental effect on attention functioning among young adults. In addition, although young adults with ADHD generally perform worse on continuous performance tasks than young adults without ADHD, the groups are similarly affected by sleep deprivation.
2020 AAFP Feline Retrovirus Testing and Management Guidelines
Authors: Little Susan , Levy Julie , Hartmann Katrin , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina , Hosie Margaret , Olah Glenn , Denis Kelly St
Published: January 2020

Clinical importance:

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infections are found in cats worldwide. Both infections are associated with a variety of clinical signs and can impact quality of life and longevity.

Scope:

This document is an update of the 2008 American Association of Feline Practitioners’ feline retrovirus management guidelines and represents current knowledge on pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of retrovirus infections in cats.

Testing and interpretation:

Although vaccines are available for FeLV in many countries and for FIV in some countries, identification of infected cats remains an important factor for preventing new infections. The retrovirus status of every cat at risk of infection should be known. Cats should be tested as soon as possible after they are acquired, following exposure to an infected cat or a cat of unknown infection status, prior to vaccination against FeLV or FIV, and whenever clinical illness occurs. It might not be possible to determine a cat’s infection status based on testing at a single point in time; repeat testing using different methods could be required. Although FeLV and FIV infections can be associated with clinical disease, some infected cats, especially those infected with FIV, can live for many years with good quality of life.

Management of infected cats:

There is a paucity of data evaluating treatments for infected cats, especially antiretroviral and immunomodulatory drugs. Management of infected cats is focused on effective preventive healthcare strategies, and prompt identification and treatment of illness, as well as limiting the spread of infection.