bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risks of Educational Failure for Studying Youth
Authors: Zborovsky Garold E. , Ambarova Polina A.
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the sociological study of the risks of educational failure for studying youth. The authors show the magnitude of such a phenomenon as schoolchildren’s and students’ educational failure, as well as the relevance of its research in the context of new challenges faced by modern Russian society. The authors reveal the widespread, pervasive nature of the risks of educational failure for all spheres of public life. The authors emphasize the contradiction between the need to take them into account when it comes to the strategy for developing Russian education and this problem being ignored by the authorities and education management. The authors’ interpretation of key concepts (educational failure, its risks, human capital of educational communities) is presented. The classification of risks of educational failure for studying youth is given. Four groups of risks are analyzed specifically: for the development of the continuous education system; for the economy and labor market; for social security and well-being; for the education system. The final section of the article is devoted to analyzing the opportunities for minimizing the risks of educational failure. It is proven that it is necessary to develop approaches for overcoming the risks of educational failure at the levels of state educational policy, educational organizations of various types and educational communities. Special attention is paid to the importance of transforming educational policy in relation to unsuccessful educational communities, of changes in the environment of educational institutions, of implementing social technologies for the educational support of unsuccessful pupils and students. The empirical basis for this article consists of the results from studies conducted in Yekaterinburg and Sverdlovsk Province.
Smart City: The Concept and its Adaptation to the Russian Context
Authors: Kolodii Nataliia A. , Ivanova Vera S. , Goncharova Natalia A.
Published: June 2020

The article investigates the concept of a smart city mainly focused around people. At the same time, a “smart city” is understood to be an innovative city which implements a set of technical solutions and organizational measures aimed at achieving the highest possible quality of human life, an adequate resource management and service delivery system, in order to create sustainable favorable living conditions, as well as the prosperity and business activity of current and future generations. The general and specific (for Russia) factors that determined the transition from “smart cities” to “human-centered smart cities” are highlighted. Human-centered smart cities are cities in which governments attract citizens by being open to partnership with citizens, supporting the collaborative design of technical and social innovation processes through mutual relationships based on mutual trust and cooperation. A system of expert assessments is analyzed, which indicates the possibilities for transitioning to the digitalization of the economy and the city, the possibilities for developing breakthrough information and social technologies that would ensure movement towards Human Smart cites.
N.I. Kareev’s participation in the Processes of Institutionalizing Sociology in Russia
Authors: Glotov Mikhail B.
Published: June 2020

The article provides a brief overview of the scientific, organizational and pedagogical activities of the outstanding Russian historian and sociologist N.I. Kareev (1850–1931). The main focus is his participation in the processes of the initial period of institutionalizing sociology in Russia: the publication of scientific papers and textbooks on sociology. He was the first person in Russia to give a systematic course in sociology to university students, was co-opted to the Council of the Psychoneurological Institute, in which the first department of sociology was established in Russia. During Soviet times N.I. Kareev taught sociology in Petrograd at Women’s Courses. In 1918, by decision of the People’s Commissariat of Education, he was included in the list of 30 Russian professors who taught sociology at universities of Petrograd and sociological courses for sociology teachers working at secondary schools. N.I. Kareev took an active part in the formation and functioning of the sociological section at the Historical Society of St. Petersburg University and the М.М. Kovalevsky Sociological Society. In 1919, N.I. Kareev actively participated in the formation of the departments of sociology, sociological and social studies at the Faculty of Social Sciences of Petrograd University. But later, his activity began to receive less and less approval from the new organizers of science and education in Russia.
Politics or Romance: Students of 1956
Authors: Veselkova Natalia V.
Published: June 2020

Student unrest of 1956 in Soviet universities is examined based on the example of the Ural State University and the Ural Polytechnic Institute in Sverdlovsk. Student attitudes are analyzed in terms of social and critical thinking, and the reaction of authorities — in light of the policy towards the intelligentsia. The theoretical and methodological frame of analysis is constructivism, with emphasis put on aspects of bilateral, reciprocal design and temporality. The empirical base consists of documents from the collections of the Documentation Centre of the Social Institutions of Sverdlovsk Region, the University Museum, as well as materials from local and national press. The mid 1950’s were marked by a radical revision of the limits of acceptable criticism, which was unfolding until the end of 1956. Unorthodox activity was not regarded as seditious up until a point. The gap, interval between the original action and the resulting stigmatizing mark shows how such a notion crystallized. At some point it seemed as if you could criticize everyone and everything. It is shown that the most crucial effect was produced not by the theme of student statements but rather by a mismatch in the magnitude of the subjects and objects of public criticism. The position of authorities was to depoliticize student activity, while using such a relatively new course as pathologizing objectification: the younger generation was treated as a bearer of specific problems requiring special attention. “Labor education” with emphasis on hard physical labor was used as the universal lifesaver. Sundays at construction sites, hedgehog-fit visits to farms, as well as sending expelled students to factories inform the phenomenon of organic intellectuals “on the contrary” (in the words of A. Gramsci and N. Savelyeva). At the same time, the pragmatic benefits of resolving to admit to universities only those who had sufficient work experience was not reduced to disposing of students’ “unhealthy moods”, but rather “postponement” of higher education was to attract the youngsters to the virgin lands and construction sites. Students themselves insisted on the political connotations of their actions. The desire of the young generation to “catch the winds of history in their sails” was gradually accumulated in the concept of romance, which had yet to displace the patriotism and heroism that prevailed within the ideological orientations and the official rhetoric of the 50’s.
The “Health of Buildings” Movement. [Rev.] Allen J.G., Macomber J.D. Healthy Buildings: How Indoor Spaces Drive Performance and Productivity. Cambridge, MS: Harvard University Press, 2020
Authors: Rogozin Dmitry M.
Published: June 2020

The authors of this peer-reviewed monograph written in an autobiographical manner try to find optimal solutions for shaping the urban environment and redefining conventional building codes. They develop new directions in urban studies such as “green building”, “buildingnomics” and cognitive features of housing while adhering to the modern concept of healthy housing as the basis of well-being. The book focuses on two main research questions: (1) which buildings can we consider healthy? and (2) how can we create healthy buildings? The authors describe the main characteristics and examine the properties of both residential and industrial buildings while giving pragmatic recommendations for improving their internal space. Based on the results of forty years of research, they point out the nine most important components of healthy buildings such as: ventilation, air quality, optimal temperature conditions, water quality, humidity, cleanliness, insect control, light and view from the window, sound insulation, safety and security. The authors discuss in detail the basic principles and norms of the green building certification system recognized as “Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design” (LEED) and describe the mechanisms for obtaining and maintaining the status of a leader in energy and environmental design.
EYLEMİNİN ÖZNESİ VEYA NESNESİ OLMASI BAĞLAMINDA İNSAN
Authors: ÖGCEM Ergin
Published: June 2020

İnsanın nasıl bir varlık olduğu, düşünce ve eylemlerini neye göre belirlediği, bu bağlamda ne ölçüde bir yetkinliğe sahip olduğu meselesi tarihi süreç içerisinde tartışma konusu yapılmış önemli problemlerden birisidir. Bu mesele özelinde insanı bütünüyle özgür, her türlü eylemini belirleme ve gerçekleştirme hususunda mutlak kudret sahibi görenler yanında; ona, eylem ve düşüncelerini tayin etme noktasında hiç bir rol veya inisiyatif vermeyen yaklaşımlar da olmuştur. Bu iki aşırı tutuma ilaveten insana eylemlerinde muhayyerlik tanıyan; ancak çeşitli faktörlerin (çevresel etkenler, varoluşsal kısıtlılıklar, inanca kaynaklık eden gücün kaderi elinde tuttuğuna dair kanaatler vs.) onun bu imkânını sınırlandırdığını veya yönlendirdiğini ileri süren ara bir tutumun varlığı da söz konusu olmuştur. İnsanın irade sahibi bir varlık olup olmadığı meselesi dolaylı olarak onun bir inanç, değer ve ahlak varlığı şeklinde değerlendirilip değerlendirilemeyeceği sorununu da gündeme getirmiştir. Öyle ki bu sorun düşünce geleneğinin kadim tartışma konuları arasında sürekli bir şekilde kendisine yer bulmuş, tüm canlılığı ile günümüze kadar taşınmıştır. Bu çalışmada konu, soruna ironik bir yaklaşım sergilemiş olan Mark Twain’in (1835-1910) “İnsan Nedir?” adlı kitabı özelinde ele alınmış ve böylece meselenin belli sınırlar dâhilinde değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Düşünce tarihi boyunca insan hakkında ileri sürülmüş belli birtakım yaklaşımlara örtük bazı göndermelerde bulunması ve bunun yanında insanı alışılagelmişten farklı bir perspektifle değerlendirmeye tabi tutmuş olması bu kitabın çalışmamız açısından bir referans noktası olarak tayin edilmesine sebep teşkil etmiştir. Bununla birlikte insana dair ileri sürülmüş farklı düşüncelerden de mümkün olduğu kadar istifade edilerek bir kısır döngünün vücut bulma riski önlenmeye çalışılmıştır.
HİNT ALT KITASI’NDA “AVÂRİFÜ’L-MAÂRİF”
Authors: NAUSHAHİ Arif
Published: June 2020

Hicrî 632 senesinde vefat etmiş olan Şeyhü’ş-şüyûh Şihâbüddîn Ömer b. Muhammed Sühreverdî’nin te’lîf ettiği, tasavvufun ana metinlerinden biri olan Avârifü’l-maârif; Irak’tan Hint Alt Kıtası’na nasıl ulaştı? Bu topraklarda nasıl değer bulup kabul gördü? Hint Alt Kıtası’ndaki tarikat meşâyihından kimler onu okuyor ve hangi dergahlarda bu kitap tedris ediliyordu? Çalışmamızda tüm bu soruları tarihin eski sayfaları arasında araştırarak yanıtlamaya ve bu kitabın telif edildiği tarihten iki asır sonrasına kadar Hint Alt Kıtası’nda ne kadar ilgi gördüğünü birkaç örnekle açıklamaya çalıştık. Avârif elbette 8. asırdan sonra da Hint Alt Kıtası’nda etkisini korumuş olup hakkında şerhler, hâşiyeler ve tercümeler yazılmıştır. Ancak bizim çalışmamız hicrî 8. asırdan ötesine geçmeyecektir.
TÜKETİMCİLİK KARŞITI KÜRESEL İNSİYATİF VE MANİFESTOLAR: GEREKLER, GEREKÇELER, GERÇEKLİKLER
Authors: DEMİR Sertaç Timur
Published: June 2020

Her radikal yönelim, doygunluğun rahatsızlık verici noktasına eriştiğinde kendi karşıtını üretmiş olur. Bir zamanlar özgürlükle ilişkilendirilen sınırsız tüketimcilik ve alışveriş serbestiyeti de bugün itibariyle modern bireyin aynı anda hem kendisine yöneldiği hem de kendisinden kaçtığı bir paradoksa dönüşmüştür. Mutluluk ve haz formüllerinin gölgesinde alışveriş-merkezli yaşam biçimi, bu paradoksun çıktısı olarak bir yandan yağmacılığı, diğer yandan yığmacılığı, yani istifçiliği beslemektedir. Bu çalışmada söz konusu tüketimcilik karşıtı manifestolar kültür bozumu, karşı-gelenek oluşturma, doğaya ve doğala dönüş, sadeliğe dönüş, ikinci ele yöneliş ve maneviyata dönüş şeklinde sınıflandırılarak analiz edilmektedir. Bu bağlamda Reklam Avcıları, Hiçbir Şey Satın Almama Günü, Moda Devrimi, Noel Komplosu Hareketi, Festivus, Eko-Köy, Kendin Yap, Yavaşlama Hareketi, Dijital Detoks, TV Kapama Haftası, Minimalizm, Hiçbir Şey Satın Almama Projesi, Ücretsiz Dönüşüm Ağı ve friganizm gibi girişimlere eleştirel olarak değinilmektedir.
HEGEL’İN HRİSTİYAN-CERMEN İLKESİ: İLAHİLİK-BEŞERİLİK BİRLİĞİ
Authors: IŞIK Ceyhan
Published: June 2020

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel sonrası felsefe Avrupa’da epey ladini bir yola girdi. Gerçi Hegel öncesi de Avrupa’da din birçok yönden önemini kaybetmişti. İdealist filozoflar ise din ve felsefe arasında bir ahenk bulmaya çalıştılar. Bu bağlamda Hegel, ilahilik ve beşerililiğin vahdeti anlamana gelen Hristiyan-Cermen birliği ilkesini öne sürdü. Bu öğretiye göre Hıristiyanlık ve Cermenlik arasında herhangi bir çatışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu öğretisinde Hegel, Hristiyanlığın ruh öğretisini merkeze alır. Ayrıca o, Yunan felsefesinin ilahilik-beşerilik birliği öğretisinden mahrum kalmasını gayet normal karşılıyordu. Bununla birlikte birçok filozof, ilahi boyutu görmezden geldi ve Hegel sonrası felsefe tarihinde salt dünyevi bakışın öne çıktığını söylemek imkân dâhilindedir. Ne var ki bu, Hegel’in istemediği bir durumdu.
SALGIN HASTALIK DÖNEMİNDE ALGILANAN SOSYAL DESTEĞİN BİREYLERİN PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIĞI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KARAL Eser , BİÇER Berna Gül
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışma salgın hastalık döneminde algılanan sosyal desteğin bireylerin psikolojik sağlamlığı üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma, nicel araştırma desenlerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli benimsenerek yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu farklı demografik yapıya sahip 350 kişi oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmaya katılan bireyler kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Çalışma Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün pandemi ilan ettiği 2020 Mart ayında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada veri toplamak amacıyla araştırmacılar tarafından katılımcıların özelliklerini belirlemek için oluşturulan Kişisel Bilgi Formu; Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet ve Farley(1988) tarafından geliştirilen Doğan ve Arkar(1995) tarafından Türkçeye uyarlaması yapılan Çok Boyutlu Algılanan Sosyal Destek Ölçeği ve Smith, Dalen, Wiggins, Tooley, Christopher ve Jennefer Bernard(2008) tarafından geliştirilip Doğan(2015) tarafından Türkçe uyarlama çalışması yapılan Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre bireylerin algılanan sosyal destek düzeyleri ile psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyleri arasında anlamlı farklılığın olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Psikolojik sağlamlık düzeyi; cinsiyet, medeni durum ve aile yapısına göre farklılaşmamakta olup buna karşın yaş değişkenine göre farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgular ilgili alan yazın ışığında tartışılarak öneriler sunulmuştur.
KÜBA DEVRİMİ VE DEVRİMİN TÜRK BASININA YANSIMASI: MİLLİYET GAZETESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: KOCA Mehmet
Published: June 2020

Küba Devrimi, soğuk savaşın en yoğun yaşandığı 1950’li yıllarda, kapitalist kutbun lider ülkesi ABD’nin arka bahçesi tabir edilecek bir bölgede, halkın desteğini almış bir grup sosyalist görüşlü direnişçinin, ABD güdümündeki General Fulgencio Batista diktatörlüğüne karşı verdikleri meşhur silahlı mücadeledir. Küba halkının dikta rejimine karşı verdiği bu mücadele, başta Güney Amerika ve bazı Afrika ülkeleri olmak üzere, birçok ülkenin ulusal kurtuluş mücadelesinin gelişmesinde önemli siyasi ve sosyal etkileri oluşturmuştur. Küba devrimi içerisinde liderlik misyonu dolayısıyla öne çıkan Fidel Castro ve Ernesto Che Guevara’nın Batista diktatörlüğüne ve dolaylı olarak da ABD müdahaleciliğine karşı kazandıkları bu başarı, onları dünya genelinde popüler bir hale getirerek özellikle 1968 yılı gençlik olaylarında sol görüşlü gençlerin her haliyle örnek aldığı birer devrim ikonuna dönüştürmüştür. Dünya genelinde hem siyasi ve sosyal hem de kültürel anlamda büyük bir etki yaratan Küba Devrimi, Türk basını tarafından da o dönem yakından takip edilmiş, sık sık haberleri ve makaleleri gazetelerin baş sayfalarında yayınlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada dünya siyasi tarihi açısından büyük etkileri olan Küba Devriminin Türk basınına yansıması ve basının bu devrimi nasıl kaleme aldığı Milliyet gazetesi örneği üzerinden açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.
BAĞIMSIZLIK DÖNEMİNDE ZALİMHAN YAQUB’UN ŞİİRLERİNDE “KARABAĞ” TEMASI
Authors: NECEFOVA Merziyye
Published: June 2020

Yirminci yüzyıl şiirimizin en unutulmaz ve parlak figürlerinden biri olan Azerbaycan halkının en büyük oğlu Zalimhan Yaqub, zengin ve eşsiz yaratıcılığı, kamusal faaliyeti ve gerçek bir vatansever milliyetçi, Azerbaycanlı sevgilisi, vatandaş-entelektüel imgesi ile insanlarımızın ve edebiyatının ebedi anısına kazınmış. O, özel bir tonlamaya sahip bir şair, şair, hatip, belki de hayatında Azerbaycan'ın en ünlü ve önde gelen kişiliklerinden değerli övgü alan tek şairdir. Onun hakkında yüzlerce makale yazıldı ve eserleri Türk dünyası tarafından defalarca takdir edildi. Yüzlerce bilge insanın "Bu bir hakikat vergisi, doğuştan gelen bir yetenek, Tanrı'nın bir vergisi" dediğine tanık olduk. Sesinin tonu bakımından diğer tüm şairlerden farklıdır. Sadece şiiri için değil, felsefi düşünceleri için de hatırlandı. Zalimhan Yaqub, kelimelerin müzikle birliğini yarattı, müziğe olan sevgisi ve kelimeler en yüksek zirveleri fethetmesine yardımcı oldu. Zalimhan Yaqub, halkla bağlantılı bir şairdi, folklor üzerine çalışmasını temel aldı ve sözlü edebiyatımızın inceliklerinden bahsetti.
1840-1850 TARİHLERİNİ KAPSAYAN BALIKESİR VE BİGADİÇ KAZASI CİZYE DEFTERLERİNİN TANITIMI VE TAHLİLİ
Authors: KARTAL Kazım
Published: June 2020

Osmanlı Devleti’nin sayısal veriler barındıran temel kaynaklarının çoğunluğu vergi tespitine yönelik sayım sonuçlarını ifade eden defterlerdir. Tarih araştırmacıları, Tahrir defterleri ve temettüat defterlerini kaynak alarak bazı istatistiksel veriler ortaya koymuşlardır. Bu defter türleri XVI. yüzyıldan XIX. yüzyıla kadar uzanan verileri barındırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, ana gövdesi itibariyle bu dönemler üzerinde yoğunlaşan Osmanlı tarihi araştırmacıları, mevcut klişelere sığdırılamayan, adeta iki yüzyıl sürmüş bir “ara dönem” olarak nitelenen XVII. ve XVIII. yüzyılların karmaşık gerçeklerinin ürünü olan farklı kaynakları yeterince değerlendirmemiştir. Konumuz açısından bu dönemin önemli kaynaklarından, kökleri klasik döneme kadar giden ve uygulaması XIX yüzyılın sonlarına kadar uzanan bir vergi türüyle doğrudan ilişkili olan cizye defterleri ele alanırak Balıkesir ve Bigadiç Kazaları ile ilgili değerlendirmeler yapılacaktır. Balıkesir ve Bigadiç kazalarının idari yapısı, iktisadi ve içtimai yapıları, bu kazalarda yaşayan gayrimüslimlerin ve Kıptilerin mesleki yapılarına dair önemli bilgiler yer verilecektir.
XVII. YÜZYILDA ANKARA HACI DOĞAN MAHALLESİNDE BULUNAN SİVİL VE DİNİ YAPILAR
Authors: ERKAYA TOPCU Fatma
Published: June 2020

Mahalle kentin Sosyo-kültürel, iktisadi ve idari anlamda ilişkilerinin düzenlendiği en küçük mekân olarak yerini almaktadır. Dolayısıyla kentin Sosyo-kültürel, iktisadi ve idari anlamda ilişkilerinin düzenlendiği en küçük idari birim konumundadır denilebilir. Anadolu'nun Türkleşmesinden önce var olan şehirler, surların içine sıkışmış halde bulunan, belli bir zümrenin yaşadığı, yerleşimden daha çok savunma amacıyla kullanılan bir birim iken, Türklerin idaresine geçtikten sonra surların etrafında kurulan yeni yerleşim yerleri ile birlikte genişleyerek surların dışına yayılmıştır. Yeni kurulan bu yerleşim yerleri mahalleleri oluşturmuştur. Osmanlı döneminde sosyal bir bütünlüğün yanında fiziksel bir birim olarak belirtilmiştir. Fiziki alanını toplumsal ilişkilerle şekillendiren Osmanlı Mahallesi, bu ilişkilerin sonucu olarak cami, mescit, sokak, ev, türbe, zaviye, hamam, mahalle mektepleri gibi birimleri bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. Bu çalışmada bir mahallenin fiziki alanını oluşturan birimler hakkında, Ankara Hacı Doğan Mahallesi merkezli olmak üzere bilgi verilmiştir. Temel kaynak olarak Ankara Şer’iyye Sicillerinden yararlanılmıştır.
TÜRKİYE’DE SAĞLIK POLİTİKALARININ DÖNÜŞÜMÜ
Authors: ALTINDAĞ Özgür , YILDIZ Ahmet
Published: June 2020

İnsanın varlığını sürdürebilmesi için en temel öğelerden biri şüphesiz sağlıktır. Sağlık ve teknoloji alanında yaşanan gelişmeler toplumun yaşam kalitesini giderek artırarak yaşlı nüfusun artmasına olanak sağlamaktadır. Bu durum sağlık harcamalarına ayrılan kaynakları hızla yükseltmekte böylece sağlık sigortalarının yükü de artmaktadır. Var olan sigortalar bu yeni duruma ayak uydurmakta zorlanmakta ve bu zorluk reform çalışmalarını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında sağlığın içeriği, sağlıkta reformun gerekçeleri, sağlıkta ciddi bir dönüşümün yaşandığı son 20 yılda sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumu, finansmanı ve örgütlenmesi hakkında izlenen politikalar, yapılan düzenlemeler ve yeniliklerden bahsedilmiştir. Ayrıca sağlıkta dönüşüm programı kapsamında yapılan çalışmalar, programın amaçları, bileşenleri, yıllar içinde yapılan düzenlemeler ele alınarak süreç çok boyutlu bir şekilde analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
ANTİK YUNAN MİTOSLARI: KAHRAMAN TANRILARDAN TANRISAL KAHRAMANLARA
Authors: YILDIZ Mehmet Ali
Published: June 2020

Mitsel anlatılarda cesaret ve onun sağladığı kahramanlık önemli bir yer tutar. Bazı tanrılar cesaretleriyle ön plana çıkar ve kahramanlıklarıyla anılır. Mitsel anlatılara göre şekillenen insanın dünyasında da kahramanlık, ilahi bir değer olarak kabul görür. Bu yüzden de çetin mücadelelerin anlatıldığı Antik Yunan mitoslarında ön planda hep kahraman(lar) vardır. Bu çalışmada Antik Yunan mitolojisinde ön plana çıkan insanların kahramanlık öykülerinin tanrıların kahramanlığının taklidi olduğu öne sürülecektir.
YABANCILARA TÜRKÇE ÖĞRETİM KİTAPLARINDA KÜLTÜR AKTARIMI İLE METİN VE GÖRSEL BÜTÜNLÜĞÜNÜN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÖZENÇ Ezra
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı yabancı çocuklara (7-14 yaş grubu) Türkçe öğretmek amacıyla hazırlanan ABC Çocuklar için Türkçe Öğretim seti ders kitaplarındaki okuma metinlerinin görselleri ile bütünlüğünün ve bu metinlerdeki kültür aktarımının incelenmesidir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman inceleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Toplanan veriler Avrupa Ortak Başvuru Metni ve Dil Portföyü incelenerek yabancı dil öğretiminde kullanılan ders kitaplarında olması gereken özellikler dikkate alınarak çalışmanın kazanım ve becerileri belirlenmiştir. Görseller ise Talim Terbiye Kurulu’nun yönetmeliğine göre analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda görsellerle metinlerin bütünlüklerinin uygun olduğu ve metinlerdeki kültür aktarımının yeterli olduğu görülmüştür.
Stem cells and tissue engineering: an alternative treatment for craniofacial congenital malformations and articular degenerative diseases
Authors: Velasquillo Cristina , Madrazo-Ibarra Antonio , Gutiérrez- Gómez Claudia , Pérez-Dosal Marcia Rosario , Melgarejo-Ramírez Yaaziel , Ibarra Clemente
Published: June 2020

The life quality of patients with craniofacial malformations is severely affected by the physical disabilities caused by the malformation itself, but also by being subjected to bullying, which leads to a series of relevant psychological and societal effects that have an economic impact on the health sector. Orofacial clefts, notably cleft lip (CL), cleft palate, and microtia, are the most common craniofacial birth defects in humans and represent a substantial burden, both personal and societal. On the other hand, osteoarthritis is a widespread degenerative disease that is becoming more common due to the extension of the human lifespan and to an increase in injuries in young people as a result of their lifestyle. Advances in tissue engineering as a part of regenerative medicine offer new hope to patients that can benefit from new tissue engineering therapies based on the supportive action of tailored 3D biomaterials and the synergic action of stem cells that can be driven to the process of bone and cartilage regeneration. This review provides an update on recent considerations for stem cells and studies on the use of advanced biomaterials and cell therapies for the regeneration of craniofacial congenital malformations and articular degenerative diseases.
A Critical Realist Review of Pre-Registration Nursing Student Stress
Authors: Coleman Phil , Vance Gillian
Published: June 2020

This Critical Realist review recognises the transitional challenge faced by all undergraduates on their path to becoming qualified practitioners but draws attention to the particularly high levels of student stress associated with the experience of learners who enrol on pre-registration nursing programmes. It also examines international evidence of factors which contribute to such stress. Professional opinion, reports, qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods research is thematically presented to indicate the wide range of educational, social, environmental, intrapersonal and interpersonal variables that contribute to pre-registration nursing student stress. Congruent with the principles of Critical Realism, the paper also identifies several emerging fields associated with student nurse stressors that are worthy of further investigation due to an apparent paucity of published work. Finally, the authors briefly highlight their own research activity currently underway to extend the body of knowledge in these areas and in so doing seek to help address student retention issues within nursing.
Clinical Application and Efficiency Analysis of Shared Decision Making (SDM) in the Treatment of Stable Angina
Authors: Cheng Hao-Min , Hsu Hsiao-Fen , Lee Chih-Yi , Chang Hong- Di , Huang Hsin-Chan , Sheu Mei-Jyh , Chiu Hsiao-hui
Published: June 2020

Background: Cardiac disease is the second leading causes of death in Taiwan in 2018 and coronary artery disease is one of the main reasons.Aims: The purpose of this study was to estimate whether Shared decision making (SDM) could lower the anxiety of the patient in the treatment of cardiac catheterization and improve the intension of medical decision or not.Methods: One-group pretest-posttest design.Using the public medical aids opinion questionnaire that was developed by the Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare. STROBE guidelines have been adhered to in the reporting of this study.Results: The anxiety level decrease after the SDM from 3.5 to 2.1 points (p-value<0.05) and the proportions of the intension to choose medication and surgery increase from 34% to 66%. Results show that SDM has positive influence in the relief of anxiety.Conclusion: SDM has positive influence in lowering patient’s anxiety and improve the intension of medical decision, the hesitation of patient and deficiency of time are two of the main barriers during the application process.
Measuring Transnational Social Fields Through Binational Link-tracing Sampling
Authors: Hancean Marian-Gabriel , Lubbers Miranda Jessica , Molina Jose Luis
Published: June 2020

We advance binational link-tracing sampling design, an innovative data collection methodology for sampling from transnational social fields, i.e., transnational networks embedding migrants and non-migrants. This paper shows the practical challenges of such a design, the representativeness of the samples and the qualities of the resulted networks. We performed 303 face-to-face structured interviews on sociodemographic variables, migration trajectories and personal networks of people living in a Romanian migration sending community (Dâmbovița) and in a migration receiving Spanish town (Castellón), simultaneously in both sites. Inter-connecting the personal networks, we built a multi-layered complex network structure embedding 4,855 nominated people, 5,477 directed ties (nominations) and 2,540 edges. Results indicate that the participants’ unique identification is a particularly difficult challenge, the representativeness of the data is not optimal (homophily on observed attributes was detected in the nomination patterns), and the relational and attribute data allow to explore the social organization of the Romanian migrant enclave in Castellón, as well as its connectivity to other places. Furthermore, we provide methodological suggestions for improving link-tracing sampling from transnational networks of migration. Our research contributes to the emerging efforts of applying social network analysis to the study of international migration.
Frauds in Scientific Research May be Overcome with Distributed Ledger Technologies
Authors: Boetto Erik , Golinelli Davide , Carullo Gherardo , Fantini Maria Pia
Published: June 2020

Frauds and misconducts have been common in the history of science. Recent events connected to the COVID-19 pandemic have highlighted how the risks and consequences of this are no longer acceptable. Two papers, addressing the treatment of COVID-19, have been published in two of the most prestigious medical journals. In both, the authors declared to have analysed electronic records from a private corporation, which apparently collected data of tens of thousands of patients, coming from thousands of hospitals. Both papers have been retracted a few weeks later. When such events happen, the confidence of the population in scientific research is likely to be weakened. The objective of this paper is to highlight how the current system endangers not only the reliability of scientific research, but also the very foundations of the trust system on which modern healthcare is based. Having shed the light on the dangers of a system without appropriate monitoring, we propose to improve the research process using the promising aspects of the distributed ledger technology which, thanks to the characteristics of immutability, decentralization and transparency, appears among the best solutions to avoid the repetition of the mistakes linked to the recent and past history of research.
Semen Quality as a Potential Susceptibility Indicator to SARS-CoV-2 Insults in Polluted Areas
Authors: Montano Luigi , Bonapace Ian Marc , Donato Francesco , Bianco Pietro Massimiliano , Guglielmino Antonino , Piscopo Marina
Published: June 2020

High levels of air pollution can contribute to high rate of the COVID-19 outbreaks. Air pollutants induce oxidative stress, inflammatory process, immune imbalance and coagulation at systemic level, making the organism susceptible to complications caused by various pathogens, including viruses, resulting in a possible important damage co-factor. Sperm cells are highly sensitive to the pro-oxidant effects of environmental pollutants, and represent an important alarm bell indicating how the burden of environmental pressure in a certain area is becoming increasingly unsustainable. We underline that overlapping among maps of case fatality rate of COVID-19, male infertility rate and air pollution can be a challenging idea to understand the dynamics of the virus impact, considering semen quality that is an early and sensitive environmental marker, and could be a potential susceptibility indicator to viral insults (including SARS-CoV-2 ) in heavily polluted areas. So that, assessing the burden of environmental exposure of a given population and its potential susceptibility to insults through early biological stress indicators able to predict the probability, nature and magnitude for the adverse effects is a major public health challenge.
SARS-CoV-2 Impact on the Central Nervous System: Are Astrocytes and Microglia Main Players or Merely Bystanders?
Authors: Murta Veronica , Villarreal Alejandro , Ramos Alberto Javier
Published: June 2020

With confirmed COVID-19 cases surpassing the 8.5 million mark around the globe, there is an imperative need to deepen the efforts from the international scientific community to gain comprehensive understanding of SARS-CoV-2. Although the main clinical manifestations are associated with respiratory or intestinal symptoms, reports of specific and non-specific neurological signs and symptoms, both at presentation or during the course of the acute phase, are increasing. Approximately 25-40% of the patients present neurological symptoms. The etiology of these neurological manifestations remains obscure, and probably involves several direct pathways, not excluding the direct entry of the virus to the Central Nervous System (CNS) through the olfactory epithelium, circumventricular organs, or disrupted blood-brain barrier (BBB). Furthermore, neuroinflammation might occur in response to the strong systemic cytokine storm described for COVID-19, or due to dysregulation of the CNS angiotensin system. Descriptions of neurological manifestations in patients in the previous coronavirus (CoV) outbreaks have been numerous for the SARS-CoV and lesser for MERS-CoV. Strong evidence from patients and experimental models suggests that some human variants of CoV have the ability to reach the CNS and that neurons, astrocytes and/or microglia can be target cells for CoV. A growing body of evidence shows that astrocytes and microglia have a major role in neuroinflammation, responding to local CNS inflammation and/or to dysbalanced peripheral inflammation. This is another potential mechanism for SARS-CoV-2 damage to the CNS. In this work we will summarize the known neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, explore the potential role for astrocytes and microglia in the infection and neuroinflammation, and compare them with the previously described human and animal CoV that showed neurotropism. We also propose possible underlying mechanisms by focusing on our knowledge of glia, neurons, and their dynamic intricate communication with the immune system.
A Scale-Free Dynamic Model for District Heating Aggregated Regions
Authors: Saletti Costanza , Zimmerman Nathan , Morini Mirko , Kyprianidis Konstantinos , Gambarotta Agostino
Published: June 2020

District heating networks have become widespread due to their ability to distribute thermal energy efficiently, which leads to reduced carbon emissions and improved air quality. The characteristics of these networks vary remarkably depending on the urban layout and system amplitude. Moreover, extensive data about the energy distribution and thermal capacity of different areas are seldom available. Design, optimization and control of these systems are enabled by the availability of fast and scalable models of district heating networks. This work addresses this issue by proposing a novel method to develop a scale-free model of large-scale district heating networks. Starting from coarse data available at the main substations, a physics-based model of the system aggregated regions is developed by identifying the heat capacity and heat loss coefficients. The model validation on the network of Västerås, Sweden, shows compatibility with literature data and can therefore be exploited for system design, optimization and control-oriented applications. In particular, the possibility to estimate the heat storage potential of network regions allows new smart management strategies to be investigated.
Understanding Inclusion within Diversity: Meaning, Model, and Practice
Authors: Brix Kaja , Lee Olivia , Stalla Sorina
Published: June 2020

The diversity and inclusion discussion permeates many sectors of society. Within this dialogue, science and scientists are acutely aware of the value of diversity and the need for inclusion. While demographic diversity in science has received considerable recent attention, very little research and understanding exists on inclusion. Our study presents empirical data on the meaning of inclusion using a crowdsourcing approach that sought responses to the question “What does inclusion mean to you?”. The most prominent concepts were those of empathy, warmth, support, love, acceptance and curiosity; diverse perspectives; and participation. We clustered conceptual elements of inclusion into four themes: access and participation, embracing diverse perspectives, a welcome environment, and team belonging. On the basis of these data, we theorize a conceptual framework model from which inclusion may be put into practice. Our model suggests a dynamic process of inclusion operating from principal structural elements of 1) a foundation that involves place, access and participation, and space; 2) reciprocal engagement as an engine for inclusion; and 3) expression of inclusion as culture. The framework model demonstrates a means by which the practice of diversity can be more than shifts in demographic statistics, and instead promote the full expression of benefits derived when the many dimensions of diversity are truly included.
Methods for De-novo Genome Assembly
Authors: Bayat Arash , Gamaarachchi Hasindu , Deshpande Nandan P. , Wilkins Marc R. , Parameswaran Sri
Published: June 2020

Despite advances in algorithms and computational platforms, de-novo genome assembly remains a challenging process. Due to the constant innovation in sequencing technologies (Sanger, SOLiD, Illumina, 454, PacBio and Oxford Nanopore), genome assembly has evolved to respond to the changes in input data type. This paper includes a broad and comparative review of the most recent short-read, long-read and hybrid assembly techniques. In this review, we provide (1) an algorithmic description of the important processes in the workflow that introduces fundamental concepts and improvements; (2) a review of existing software that explains possible options for genome assembly; and (3) a comparison of the accuracy and the performance of existing methods executed on the same computer using the same processing capabilities and using the same set of real and synthetic datasets. Such evaluation allows a fair and precise comparison of accuracy in all aspects. As a result, this paper identifies both the strengths and weaknesses of each method. This comparative review is unique in providing a detailed comparison of a broad spectrum of cutting-edge algorithms and methods.
National Health-GIS Portal-A Conceptual Framework for Effective Epidemic Management and Control in India
Authors: Ranga Vikram , Pani Padmini , Kanga Shruti , Meraj Gowhar , Farooq Majid , Nathawat M. S. , Kumar Singh Suraj
Published: June 2020

This short note proposes a national Geographic Information System (GIS) - based health infrastructure to deal with epidemics and pandemics. Currently, there is no pan-India health infrastructure available that can compile, update, and report the spread of epidemic diseases. It not only curtails the opportunity of finding the real-time data on the spatial distribution of a disease but prevents one to inquire into the causes of the disease through epidemiological analysis. The proposed infrastructure in this study is a pan-India one and can broadly be divided into two parts, hotspot mapping and accessibility to services. In the first part, hospitals are proposed to act as nodes of data collection, sending data to a national GIS portal. This portal shall have the capabilities of plotting the data using map rendering services such as Google and Bing Maps. This way, hotspots can be visualized in no time, benefitting the government and common citizenry alike. The second part deals with the accessibility of citizenry to a wide range of services, i.e., healthcare services, grocery outlets, emergency services, baby food, and many other essential services of the day to day life. In order to implement this, we propose that the government need to enforce a mandatory submission of locational coordinates of all Goods and Services Tax (GST) enrolled service providers. Once the coordinates are submitted, the government can effectively control the opening and closing of services and inform the citizenry at the same time. The proposed infrastructure is going to help deal with the extraordinary situations during epidemic and pandemics similar to what the world is currently facing in the form of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, the infrastructure can be scaled up or down as per the spread of a disease. The health-GIS platform proposed in this concept paper, shall help India in controlling and managing the epidemic more efficiently.
Mapping of Solar Resource Based on INSAT 3D/3DR Surface Insolation Product
Authors: Suryavanshi Arun S. , Taori Alok , Varghese A. O. , Gharai Biswadip
Published: June 2020

Solar Insolation is the major contributor of earth’s radiation and energy budget. The insolation reaching the surface is a prime input for eco-physiological processes such as evapotranspiration and photosynthesis. Therefore, it is as critical component to assess bio-energy and bio-fuel resources. It is also a crucial input to crop simulation model for yield forecasting and its further applications in solar energy solutions. Although ground observations are better for accuracy purpose, they have challenges of maintenance, regular calibration and upkeeping etc. This call for the continuous spatio-temporal satellite based observations barring the acceptable accuracy. In case of INSAT3D/3DR, Bhattacharya et al. (2015) have derived the surface insolation product which is being used widely. We propose a method of improvement in this product. It is envisaged that a correction applied with the help of ground truth estimates may enhance the utilization of insolation products derived from INSAT3D/3DR datasets. In the present study, surface insolation product derived from INSAT 3D/3DR data at an interval of 30 minutes each (collectively 15 minutes interval) with 4 km spatial resolution was used for duration from May-2017 to Apr-2019 over Nagpur. Ground truth observations for same duration were carried out with CNR4, which were used to correct the INSAT 3D/3DR surface insolation product using the statistical best-fit method. Corrected INSAT 3D/3DR products are found correlating with the ground values well with differences of approximately < 1 W/m2. Best-fit parameters evolved in the present study uses only 2 years of simultaneous ground and satellite data which can be further improved by multi-year data base. We propose better utilization of INSAT 3D/3DR based surface insolation products in the assessment of solar resource mapping over Nagpur (and possibly other regions, such as Bhandara) with the help of best-fit parameters as assessed in the present study.
Structural, Functional, and Metabolic Brain Differences as a Function of Gender Identity or Sexual Orientation: A Systematic Review of the Human Neuroimaging Literature
Authors: Frigerio Alberto , Ballerini Lucia , Del C. Valdés Hernández Maria
Published: June 2020

Human sexuality is a complex reality, including gender identity and sexual orientation. A widespread approach to study human sexuality is to compare groups with opposite sexual approaches such as cisgenders vs transgenders and heterosexuals vs homosexuals. Neuroimaging studies have found brain differences between these groups of individuals. Nevertheless, they reported conflicting results and limitations such as small samples’ sizes and the considerable overlap between such groups makes it difficult to draw accurate conclusions. This systematic review explored structural, functional and metabolic features of the ‘cisgender brain’ compared with the ‘transgender brain’ before hormonal treatment and the ‘heterosexual brain’ compared to the ‘homosexual brain’ from the analysis of the neuroimaging literature up to 2018. Our main aim is to help identifying biological brain features that have been related to human sexuality to contribute to the understanding of the biological elements involved in gender identity and sexual orientation. Our results suggest that the majority of neuroanatomical, neurophysiological, and neurometabolic features in transgender individuals resemble those of their natal sex rather than those of their experienced gender and in homosexual individuals these resemble those of their same sex heterosexual population rather than their opposite sex heterosexual population. However, it is always difficult to interpret null findings with non-invasive neuroimaging. Given the gross nature of these measures, it is still possible that there are differences that are too subtle to measure with available tools yet have the impact of contributing to gender identity and sexual orientation. Moreover, conflicting results, also contributed to the impossibility of identifying specific brain features which consistently differ between cis- and transgender nor between hetero- and homosexual groups. The small number of studies, the small sample size of each study, and the heterogeneity of the investigations made impossible to meta-analyse all the data extracted. Further studies are necessary to increase the understanding of the neurological substrate of human sexuality.
The Impacts of Digital Infrastructure Transformation on Livestock System Sustainability in Rural Communities
Authors: Gwaka Leon , May Julian , Tucker William
Published: June 2020

Investments in digital infrastructure in marginalised communities are set to increase in the next decade. These are premised on the potential of digital technologies to contribute towards solving societal problems, including the fragility of food value chains in rural areas. Although there are mixed empirical findings on the impact of these digital infrastructure investments, huge investments are continuing amid changing ICT policies in most developing countries. This paper, using a case study of a local livestock value chain in a rural community in Zimbabwe, argues for the application of non-conventional approaches towards digital infrastructure transformation impact assessment. Using selected theories and frameworks (socio-ecological systems framework, choice framework and technology affordances theory) as well as empirical data from a project in a rural community, the paper shows that real-time impact assessment using context-specific metrics may reveal hidden digital infrastructure transformation impacts, positive and negative, that are often overlooked when traditional impact assessment approaches are employed. The findings of this study contribute towards improving approaches towards ICT impact assessment. Practitioners engaging in impact assessment are challenged to move beyond dependence on traditional metrics (e.g. access) to the adoption of participatory processes to decipher context-appropriate metrics.
Early Lung Cancer Prediction Using Neural Network with Cross-Validation
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Samir , Dutta Shawni
Published: June 2020

Lung cancer is known as lung carcinoma. It is a disease which is malignant tumor leading to the uncontrolled cell growth in the lung tissue. Lung Cancer disease is one of the most prominent cause of death in all over world. Early detection of this disease can assist medical care unit as well as physicians to provide counter measures to the patients. The objective of this paper is to approach an automated tool that takes influential causes of lung cancer as input and detect patients with higher probabilities of being affected by this disease. A neural network classifier accompanied by cross-validation technique is proposed in this paper as a predictive tool. Later, this proposed method is compared with another baseline classifier Gradient Boosting Classifier in order to justify the prediction performance.