bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cluster Feature of Coalmine Disasters and Earthquakes in China v1
Authors: Bo Chen
Published: March 2020

Recently, in China, nearly half of coalmine disasters are found to present cluster feature or to be accompanied with earthquakes (<5) nearby, in which all the disaster types are involved. Of all the causative factors, stress disturbance, the only one that can cause all kinds of coalmine disasters at one time, seems to exist among mining areas and to be responsible for the cluster feature. In further research, more coalmine disasters are found accompanied with micro-earthquakes, which may become the vital geophysical evidence of the tectonic stress fluctuation around mining areas. This paper lists and analyzes all the possible causative factors to demonstrate the authenticity and reliability of the new phenomena and ultimately, all the other known causative factors have been speculated and excluded. A quantitative research has been made on the cluster degree, by which the space-time distribution curves are achieved. The readers can query the ratio of disasters involved in cluster series and the number of coalmine disasters accompanied with earthquakes. For example, under the threshold of 100 kilometers, 47 % of disasters are involved in cluster series and 372 coalmine disasters are accompanied with earthquakes. The readers can also query the detailed distribution of the durations. Potentially, the duration of cluster series reflects that of stress disturbance. The majority cluster series lasted for 1~2 days, which are more likely related to local stress disturbance. While the minority lasting longer than 4 days correspond well with fatal earthquakes, which are speculated to be related to regional stress disturbance. In addition, all the cluster series under every threshold have been picked out successfully and a full open access is provided. The cluster series possess multiple properties, such as the area, the related disasters, etc., which compared with the energy and the magnitude of earthquakes, good correspondences are acquired. It indicates that the cluster series of coalmine disasters and earthquakes are linked with fatal earthquakes and may serve as footprints of stress disturbance. The paper is not anxious to set up or to prove a theory, but to makes the most common speculations on a given geological model, in which five affecting cases are analyzed. To earthquake research and disaster prevention, widely scientific significance is suggested.
Nucleic acids extraction from single cell using MasterPure Complete DNA and RNA purification (Epicenter) v1
Authors: Romac Sarah
Published: March 2020

Radiolaria are protists which can't be cultivated. These microoganisms have to be isolated by single-cell for genetic identification and it can be difficult to get clean DNA. Here we optimized a DNA extraction protocol from protist single-cell. It works very well on single-cell Radiolaria, Foraminifers, but also Ciliates, Dinoflagelletes, Diatoms.
Programas de Retorno Voluntario. El caso chileno
Authors: Andrade Moreno Marcos
Published: March 2020

En el artículo se busca determinar la naturaleza jurídica del Plan Humanitario de Regreso Ordenado de Extranjeros (PHRO). Para ello, se reconstruye la práctica jurídica de expulsión de extranjeros en Chile, la que se compone de dos regímenes: uno penal y otro administrativo. Se muestran las diferencias y semejanzas de dichos regímenes y se les compara con el PHRO. Este ejercicio muestra que, a pesar de las diferencias, el PHRO alcanza los mismos efectos que los regímenes penal y administrativo de expulsiones, pero sin el control de la efectiva protección a los Derechos Humanos que ofrecen los Tribunales. Desde este punto de vista, el PHRO sería una especie expulsión velada, ya que consigue los mismos efectos jurídicos que los regímenes de expulsión, apelando a dudosas consideraciones humanitarias y basado en una “lógica del apartamiento”.
La nueva política migratoria de Paraguay: derechos humanos y seguridad como pilares para el tratamiento político de la inmigración
Authors: Santi Silvana
Published: March 2020

A tono con las tendencias regionales, Paraguay ha reconfigurado recientemente su política migratoria. En ese camino, este país ha llevado adelante muchas medidas para tratar la inmigración internacional, pese a que históricamente se ha caracterizado por ser un país emisor de población. Este artículo explora las tensiones emergentes entre los derechos humanos y la seguridad en los cambios recientes de la política inmigratoria paraguaya. Esta temática casi no ha sido abordada por la literatura académica y sirve de base para posteriores estudios comparativos. Analizando fuentes normativas e institucionales, se revela el contundente protagonismo de la categoría seguridad en las acciones llevadas adelante por la Dirección General de Migraciones (DGM) entre 2014 y 2019, que superan, incluso, a las acciones emprendidas en pos de los derechos humanos de los migrantes, pese a que es desde esta última óptica que el Estado paraguayo justifica los cambios políticos realizados en torno al tratamiento contemporáneo de los movimientos poblacionales.
Les Droits de l’Homme dans les politiques migratoires brésiliennes : droits des migrants au regard d’un changement de paradigme législatif
Authors: Lila Corde Marine
Published: March 2020

En 2017, le Brésil a promulgué la Loi n.° 13.445/2017, qui régit les politiques migratoires du pays à partir du paradigme des Droits de l’Homme. Les promoteurs de cette nouvelle législation ont voulu s’inscrire à contre-courant de politiques migratoires qui, à travers le monde, criminalisent les migrants. Cependant, les avancées portées par la Loi n.° 13.445/2017 en matière de garantie des droits fondamentaux des migrants sont aujourd’hui menacées. De nouveaux textes juridiques (la Portaria 770/2019 et le Projet de Loi n.° 1928) sont défendus par des courants conservateurs qui souhaitent voir l’approche pénale des politiques migratoires brésiliennes renforcée. Cet article propose de réaliser une étude socio-anthropologique sur la mise en œuvre d'une politique migratoire fondée sur les piliers des Droits de l’Homme: ses avancées, ses limites et les débats qui l'entourent. A partir des notions de «ordre national» et de «nationalisme méthodologique», il analyse la résurgence d’idéologies nationalistes qui remettent à l’ordre du jour des politiques migratoires sécuritaires, fondées sur la représentation des migrations comme menace. En toile de fond, l’article développe une réflexion en faveur des mouvements de défense des Droits de l’Homme au Brésil, à l’heure où ceux-ci sont remis en cause par un gouvernement populiste d’extrême-droite récemment élu.
Problemas contemporáneos: entre Valores y Derecho
Authors: Anzalone Angelo
Published: March 2020

Objective: in this work we want to highlight the importance of constructive dialogue between ethical approaches and scientific innovations. Methodology: we will analyze part of the literature that has expressed itself on these issues and, obviously, we will use some positions to formulate a dialectical proposal. Results: a merely technical or scientific discourse, which seeks to flee from any philosophical questioning, cannot be sustained. Conclusion: it will be necessary to demand conciliatory and useful attitudes for the safeguarding of the common good in any kind of decision process (abstract or concrete).
As (novas) tecnologias e o (velho) problema da determinação da responsabilidade penal nas equipas médicas
Authors: Fidalgo Sónia
Published: March 2020

Objective: to discuss the determination of criminal liability of health professionals who work in teams, based on the principle of division of labor and the principle of trust. Methodology: the deductive method was used, in which the validity of the principle of trust in the scope of the division of labor in the health teams was evaluated, correlating it with the criminal aspects. Results: the penal doctrine is divided as to the way of determining liability for negligence in the case of plurality of agents, especially within the scope of the vertical division of labor. Conclusion: from the principle of division of labor and the principle of trust, it is possible to determine the criminal responsibility of each member of a health team when negligent performance results in an injury to the physical integrity or even the death of the patient.
Vanguardas da Responsabilidade: Direito, Neurociências e Inteligência Artificial
Authors: Matos Fernandes José Pedro
Published: March 2020

Review of the book Vanguardas da Responsabilidade: Direito, Neurociências e Inteligência Artificial.
2020: o ano de grandes mudanças para os Cadernos Ibero-Americanos de Direito Sanitário
Authors: Campos Alves Sandra Mara , Delduque Maria Célia
Published: March 2020

Apresentação dos Cadernos Ibero-Americanos de Direito Sanitário, vol. 9, n.1
LEITURA LITERÁRIA NO CIBERESPAÇO: DAS PEDRAS ÀS TELAS
Authors: Garcia Rebeca Mendes , Stephani Adriana Demite
Published: March 2020

Este artigo objetiva, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, verificar como as alterações nos suportes de leitura que ocorreram ao longo do tempo podem interferir nos modos de ler e, por conseguinte, na caracterização do leitor. Desde as inscrições em pedras até os hipertextos lidos nas telas dos computadores e smartphones, percebemos diferenças preponderantes no processo de recepção de textos as quais causam questionamentos tais como: o livro impresso, um dos suportes de escrita e leitura, será substituído por livros eletrônicos? Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa se dedicou a analisar a relação dos suportes com a leitura, de modo a apresentar diferentes tipos de leitor e as habilidades necessárias para o ato de ler, principalmente literatura, sem, no entanto, extinguir o livro físico do universo dos leitores. Para tanto, embasamos o trabalho em Chartier (1999), Terra (2015), Soares (2002), Spalding (2012), Xavier (2010) e Santaella (2004) na abordagem acerca de suportes de leitura, hipertextos, conceituação de leitores, leitura literária na rede. Logo, verificou-se a possibilidade de coexistir os suportes de leitura livro físico e tela de modo que a leitura literária ocorra de diferentes maneiras.
Vaga-lumes
Authors: Venturini Passos Carolina Maria Mártyres
Published: March 2020

Ensaio visual.
PECULIARITIES OF DEBT FINANCING OF THE UKRAINIAN ECONOMY
Authors: Shevchenko Volodymyr , Lutsenko Liliia
Published: March 2020

The article examines the impact of capital attracted through domestic state bond on a recipient economy. It investigates the features of global borrowing, major reasons for debt growth and proves the importance of internal borrowing on the example of Ukraine.

Further, the article overlooks the structure of debt capital and changes in the main groups of bond loans over the last years. It explains the reasons for changing dynamics of debt capital engaged by Ukraine through external and domestic borrowing. The research substantiates functional purpose of state bonds and their crucial role in balancing budget deficit andpost-crisis recovery of the national economy.

With regard to the global cut of the interest rates, the perspective directions of further research of debt capital can be a feasibility of its cost, volatility of investors’ demand and reliability of debt attraction due to the country risk of a borrower.

The growth of public debt in developing countries requires clarifying the structure of debt capital and clarifying the directions for using public debt. In a view of the above analysis, it is appropriate to conclude that the functional appropriation of OVDP funds is only in financing the budget deficit and the trade balance. Strategically important areas of debt capital use in Ukraine include restoring the liquidity of the banking sector, maintaining the functioning of key government institutions, ensuring Ukraine's defense capability and the creditworthiness of the national economy.
XBRL Acceptance in India: A Behavioral Study
Authors: Chouhan Vineet , Goswami Shubham
Published: March 2020

XBRL is fast becoming the new paradigm for reporting of financial information digitally. XBRL brings structure to business information with comprehensive description and contextual information for advanced analysis. It enhances the efficiency of financial reporting, accuracy, timeliness and reliability of financial data. Many Indian companies still resist using it. The present research uses technology acceptance model to analyze the perception of financial experts in respect of acceptance of XBRL as reporting method. The result revealed that using XBRL increases productivity but interacting with the XBRL requires lot of mental efforts. These findings can be an empirical and theoretical foundation to accelerate the adoption of XBRL in India.
Support of Road Freight Transport Especially in North-East Part of Schengen Borders
Authors: Hricová Romana
Published: March 2020

Green logistics is very attractive and request the point of view. Many companies try to be “green”, but on the other hand they also must be quick, be in right time in the right place and everything with as low costs as possible. So because of it, they use more road freight transport. Nowadays road freight transport is much expanded as transport companies prefer the possibility to operate just-in-time.  There are several advantages that give road freight transport the first place. Firstly, the truck can be prepared whenever, no matter what time is chosen.  Secondly, the flexibility and no more borders with customs control inside the Schengen Area make freight transport quicker. On the other hand, innovative approaches ask for environmental protection, which becomes one of the most important points of view.  If countries support this environmental friendly transport, this would be reflected in the transport prices which should make rail transport more interesting. Using the methodology in the manuscript was divided to three steps. The first step is to identify relevant questions related to border crossing. Next step is to elaborate a list of border problems, and the last step is an analysis of available data.
Trade Liberalization and Its Effects on the Economic Growth of Bangladesh: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Majumder Shapan Chandra , Rana Md. Masud
Published: March 2020

The objective of this paper is to assess the effectiveness of the trade policy on Bangladesh economy between the periods 1990 to 2010. This research analyzes the achievements of the economy regarding the important variables such as growth of GDP, export, import, exchange rate, terms of trade, and foreign reserve after the trade liberalization in 1990s. The study demonstrates that the inward policy of the trade liberalization reduces the import while the forward policy increases the employment, production, and export. Finally, liberalization policy improves overall economic indicators as GDP per capita, FDI, and remittances have been growing up since pre-liberalization. The study shows that both export and import have increased noticeably since liberalization, with import rising faster than export in the period immediately after liberalization.
Organizational Commitment among the Employees of NGOs in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study
Authors: Kumar Dhanonjoy , Hossain Md. Zakir , Jebin Aleya
Published: March 2020

Committed human resource is one of the most valuable and effective assets of an organization. Meyer and Allen (1993) have documented that organizational commitment as a leading factor impacting the level of achievement in many organizations. Commitment-based organizations believe that staff’s organizational commitment contributes to workforce stability and better customer service, hence increase business performance. This study investigates the organizational commitment of NGOs employees’ in Bangladesh. It focuses on the relative importance of organizational commitment and their impact on the overall organizational success. A total number of 120 employees from three selected NGOs located at different districts in Bangladesh have been interviewed for this study purpose. Data have been collected through structured questionnaire. While tackling the issue addressed in the study relevant statistical tools and techniques were applied at appropriate places. The researchers have tried to measure the organizational commitment through recognized three major elements like-affective commitment, continuance commitment and normative commitment. The study revealed that the level of organizational commitment relating to above mentioned elements is not satisfactory. It is also exposed that demographic variables like age, gender, education and working experiences seemed to affect the commitment of employees. Another noticeable outcome of the study is that the organizational commitment has a significant impact on selected NGOs operations in Bangladesh.
Social Media and Political Mobilisation: An Analysis of the July 2016 Zimbabwe Shut Down
Authors: Mutanana Ngonidzashe
Published: March 2020

This study sought to carry out an analysis of the effects of the social media in political mobilization. These were analyzed using the following indicators (i) the social media as a communication tool and (ii) the role of social media in political mobilization. The study was using a one-day demonstration that occurred in Zimbabwe code named #ZimShutDown2016 as a case study.  In the study, a qualitative case study research design was used. Secondary data from online newspaper reports and Social Media Networks was used to analyze the effects of the social media movement in bringing real socio-economic and political change in developing countries such as Zimbabwe. In-depth interviews with five key informants from local universities helped in the analysis and they were identified using purposive sampling technique. Findings from the study revealed that social media is an effective tool of communication among citizens. Information is exchanged minute by minute among citizens, and this encourages ‘citizenry journalism.’ As such, the social media has a positive impact in mobilizing the community in bringing real social, political and economic change. The study, therefore, recommends a longer survey on the challenges of the social media movement in developing countries such as Zimbabwe.
Factors Influencing Customers' Purchase Intention towards Local Clothing Brands in Bangladesh
Authors: Mehtaj Mouri
Published: March 2020

This study is an attempt to determine the factors influencing customers to purchase local clothing brands. Data was collected through self-administered questionnaire. Total 350 respondents from specific geographical areas (Dhaka, Chittagong and Sylhet) have been selected to conduct the study. Cross tabulation was used for the analysis of collected data under the support of IBM SPSS 16. The study addressed some important features regarding choice of clothes. The findings indicate that quality is the first priority among all the factors for preferring local brands. Promotional activities have more influence on male customers instead of female customers. Other factors like variation, reasonable price and scope for change are less important factors for the adult buyers.
The Evolution of the Industrial Specialization of the Radio Electronics Industry of Saint-Petersburg
Authors: Klushantsev D. V.
Published: March 2020

Purpose: to reveal possible directions of the development of the radio electronics industry of Saint-Petersburg on the basis of the research of its features, and to propose economically reasonable alternative in relation to the current situation.

Methods: the article is based on the analysis of modern literature on the development of Russian mechanical engineering, in particular the radio electronics industry, processing of annual financial statements of enterprises of the radio electronics industry of St. Petersburg for the period 2013–2017. The article uses the following methods: analysis, synthesis, grouping, comparison, observation, generalization.

Results: the literature devoted to the radio electronics industry, its transformation and development is critically analyzed. It is concluded that there are only theoretical developments and it is necessary to research the dynamics of cost indicators and qualitative transformations of the production activity of enterprises. The scheme of composition of radio electronics industry products in relation to production processes is presented. Data sources for the enterprises of the radio electronics industry are described. The author presents a sample of enterprises.

To obtain the results of the study, the following feature of the radio electronics industry in Saint Petersburg is highlighted: the concentration of many manufacturers of various products with almost identical production processes. Various scenarios of development of the explored enterprises are described.

On the basis of research of coefficients of input of the equipment and sales growth for the period of 2013–2017 we grouped the enterprises. We revealed, that the greatest economic effect from optimizing the organization of production activity can be achieved in medium-sized enterprises.

A way of the most effective use of the current situation in the industry is proposed, which consists in creating a software platform that unites the production equipment of enterprises of the radio electronics industry. The prerequisites for the implementation and usage of the proposed software platform are researched.

Conclusions and Relevance: the author propose the option of the most efficient use of the existing situation in the modern industry (nonoptimal distribution of the equipment). The option consists in creating a software platform that will unite all the production equipment of the enterprises in the information network for the purpose of optimization of the machine utilization. This suggestion matches the trends of modern scientific researches and may be carried out by using modern digital technologies. The proposed recommendations and results are reasonable to use in the development of the state industrial policy and in designing a strategy for the production by the enterprises.
Co-relation of endometrial thickness by transvaginal sonogram with histopathology pattern in abnormal uterine bleeding: a study from South India
Authors: Mathew Chippy Tess , Maheswari Uma , Shanmugam Karthikeyan
Published: March 2020

Background: Under normal circumstances, a woman's uterus sheds a limited amount of blood during each menstrual period (around 80 ml). Bleeding that occurs erratically or excessive menstrual bleeding is called abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). The causes of AUB are many and varied. Initial investigations include transvaginal ultrasound and histopathologic assessment of the endometrium. Objective of this study was to evaluation of endometrial thickness with trans-vaginal ultrasound and its correlation with histopathology by dilatation and curettage in abnormal uterine bleeding. To determine the efficacy of transvaginal ultrasound in evaluating the endometrial thickness. To correlate the endometrial thickness by transvaginal ultrasound with endometrial histopathology in women with AUB.Methods: It is a retrospective observational study. All reproductive and perimenopausal age group women who underwent dilatation and curettage for abnormal uterine bleeding during the period June 2014-June 2016 was taken and analyzed and correlated with their endometrial thickness measured with Transvaginal ultrasound.Results: Around 478 patients who underwent endometrial sampling over a period of two years were analyzed. Maximum number of patients were in the fourth decade and the overweight category 36.6%. Proliferative endometrium was the most common histopathologic picture (44.76%). Detection of precancerous lesions were-5.87% and endometrial cancer was 1.05%.Conclusions: An ET of 8 mm and above gave 100% sensitivity and negative predictive value for precancerous and cancerous lesions.
Study of maternal mortality in a tertiary care hospital in a tribal KBK area of Odisha, India
Authors: Behuria Sasmita , Puhan Jyoti Narayan , Ghosh Subhra , Nayak Bhabani Sankar
Published: March 2020

Background: Pregnancy, although being considered a physiological state, carries risk of serious maternal morbidity and at times death. This is due to various complications that may occur during pregnancy, labor, or thereafter. The major causes of maternal mortality are mostly preventable through regular antenatal check-up, proper diagnosis, and management of labor complications. Therefore, the factors at different levels affecting the use of these services need to be clearly understood. The aim is to study the incidence of MMR, assess the epidemiological aspects, causes of maternal mortality and avoidable factors that can prevent maternal deaths.Methods: A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted in obstetrics and gynecology department, SLN MCH, a tertiary care referral hospital in a tribal area of southern Odisha over a period of 2 years from April 2017 to March 2019.Results: A total of 108 deaths were analyzed over 2 years period and MMR was calculated to be 1124/1 lakh live births. Most of the maternal deaths occurred in the age group of 20-24 years (35.1%), majority of maternal deaths were observed in multipara (46.3%), 70.3% deaths occurred within 24 hours of admission. Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (37%) were the leading direct cause followed by hemorrhage (14.8%) and sepsis (11.1%). Among the indirect causes jaundice (7.4%) and anaemia (3.7%) were the leading cause.Conclusions: MMR in our study was very high as compared to national average of 167/1,00,000 live births, being a tertiary care hospital as most of the patients were referred from peripheral centers. Most maternal deaths are preventable by intensive health education, basic obstetric care for all, strengthening referral and communication system and emphasizing on overall safe motherhood.
Comparison of diagnostic accuracy of bactec culture, gene-xpert and histopathology in the diagnosis of genital tuberculosis in women with infertility
Authors: Chaudhary Rachna , Dhama Vandana , Singh Manisha , Singh Shakun
Published: March 2020

Background: Female genital tuberculosis (FGTB) is often a silent disease sparing no age group but majority of patients are in the reproductive age. In infertility patient’s incidence of FGTB varies from 3-16% in India but the actual incidence of genital tuberculosis may be under reported due to asymptomatic presentation and paucity of investigations.Methods: Prospective case control study was conducted from June 2018 to May 2019 in LLRM Medical College Meerut. A total 100 Endometrial samples were collected during diagnostic laparoscopy from all suspected case of genital TB, presented with either primary or secondary infertility and samples sent for histopathology, Gene-xpert and Bactec culture.Results: Out of 100 samples Bactec culture was positive in 2 samples, Gene-xpert positive in 3 samples. On histopathology out of 100 cases, non-specific endometritis was found in 1 case, tubercular-endometritis in 1 case, proliferative enometrium (anovulatory) in 40 cases and secretory endometrium found in 58 cases.Conclusions: Female genital TB poses a diagnostic dilemma because of its varied presentation and lack of sensitive and specific method of diagnosis. Culture though remains the gold standard of diagnosis of female genital TB, gene-xpert, histopathology, Bactec culture or laparoscopy can be used for starting treatment. Endometrial biopsy on histopathology shows not only Tubercular endometritis but also gives hormone response on endometrium, local factors of endometrium concerning non-specific and specific infections and anovulatory cycles.
Perception and acceptability of bilateral tubal ligation among women attending antenatal clinic at Usmanu Danfodiyo university teaching hospital Sokoto
Authors: Yakubu Ahmed , Sagir Tukur Dabo , Panti Abubakar , A. Garba Jamila , Mani Isah Usman , Funtua Anas Rabiu , Chappa Aliyu Muhammed , Markus Mbakwe
Published: March 2020

Background: Contraception can be defined as all temporary or permanent measures designed to prevent pregnancy. Bilateral tubal ligation is a surgical and permanent form of contraception offered to women who completed their family size or for limitation of family size due to medical condition. The practices of bilateral tubal ligation is limited in Sub-Saharan African countries, Nigeria inclusive because of great desire for a large family size, cultural and religious factors, misunderstanding and fear of the procedure. The aim of the study was to determine the perception and acceptability of bilateral tubal ligation as a form of contraception among women attending Antenatal clinic at Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital Sokoto.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted among women attending antenatal clinic between 1st of May to 31st of July, 2018. The information was obtained using a structured questionnaire to obtain the respondent’s socio-demographic characteristics, questions on perception and acceptability of bilateral tubal ligation. Data analysis was done with statistical package for social sciences version 22 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA).Results: The study revealed that 73% of the respondents were aware of bilateral tubal ligation, but only 44% of them have good perception towards it. Majority of the respondents (63.8%) reject BTL for contraception. Most of their reasons were cultural believe (33.3%), regret (31.6%), religious believe (26.6%) and fear of surgery (8.5%).Conclusions: There was poor perception and low acceptability toward bilateral tubal ligation among the study population, mostly due to cultural and religious believes, as well as fear of regret, despite awareness of BTL among majority of the respondents.
Incidence of retinal changes in pregnant women due to pregnancy induced hypertension and its correlation with clinical profile
Authors: Rai Himanshy , Rahman Zakia
Published: March 2020

Background: Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) is associated with many other pathological complications. Pathological changes of this disease appear to be related to vascular endothelial dysfunction and its consequences. One such complication or effect of PIH is retinal changes.Methods: This observational study was conducted of 110 cases over a period of 12 months from March 2018 to February 2019 in department of obstetrics of gynecology in Kamla Raja Hospital, G. R. Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. All the patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of PIH admitted in the obstetric ward.Results: Retinopathic changes were noted in 36.36% out of which grade I, grade II, grade III and grade IV have 11.82%, 8.18%, 10.19% and 5.45% cases respectively. In + proteinuria 10.9% of cases have positive findings, in ++ proteinuria 18.18% cases have positive findings, in +++ 7.27% cases have retinopathy but severity increases with a grade of proteinuria. 40% cases retinopathic changes of mild preeclampsia have positive finding, 36.36% in severe preeclampsia and 23.64% in cases of eclampsia. As overall severity of PIH increases retinopathies in patients increases.Conclusions: Visual symptoms are few in patients with PIH and often absent unless the macula is involved. Sudden onset of headache, which is resistant to routine therapy in these patients, may be the warning symptom before the onset of first convulsion. By repeated fundus examinations at regular intervals one can assess the severity of the disease and also response to treatment instituted.
A study of caesarean section at full cervical dilatation
Authors: Rami Bijal D. , Kaul Somika , Sailor Asha , Jindani Shahna
Published: March 2020

Background: Caesarean sections performed in the second stage of labour are difficult and have many implications on both mother and baby. This study was conducted to analyse fetal and maternal outcome in case of caesarean section at full cervical dilatation.Methods: This prospective study was conducted at one of tertiary care teaching institute for period of 1st August 2019 to 31st January 2020. It includes all women delivered by caesarean section at full cervical dilatation at study institute during study period. Cases were looked for parity, maternal age, gestational age, baby birth weight, indication of cesarean section and associated factors.Results: Out of total 3657 deliveries 1690 were delivered by caesarean section, out of which 65 (3.8%) caesarean sections were conducted at full cervical dilation. The most common indication of caesarean section was deep transverse arrest in 66.15% of cases. The maximum number of cases (69.23%) were seen between the age group of 20 to 25 years. Majority of second stage cesarean section (70.77%) were performed in primi gravida. 80% of caesarean sections at full cervical dilatation were performed after 37 weeks of gestation. 15.38% of patients had anemia, 20% had hypertension, 4.61% had history of previous caesarean section. Baby weight at time of birth was 2.5 to 3.5 kg in 67.70% of cases. 15.38% of patients required blood transfusion.Conclusions: A skilled obstetrician is required to take timely and proper decision in such cases and also to conduct cesarean section at second stage of labour.
Effect of gestational weight gain on pregnancy outcome of Indian mothers
Authors: Patel Keyur , Chaudhary Megha , Shah Maitri
Published: March 2020

Background: Gestational weight gain (GWG) and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) play important roles in determining the pregnancy outcome. The weight gain recommendations by the IOM are based on Western WHO BMI cut-offs, making it difficult to generalize their findings to Asian Indians. We aimed to compare GWG among healthy pregnant women across different BMI with the IOM guidelines-2009. We also aimed to evaluate associated feto-maternal outcomes with GWG among the pregnant women enrolled in the study.Methods: A retrospective cohort study conducted at department of obstetrics and gynecology, from April 2019 to November 2019. Postnatal mothers whose weight was registered at first trimester of pregnancy and at term and delivered in SSG hospital were included. According to IOM Women were divided into: Group 1 less than recommended weight gain and Group 2 recommended weight gain.Results: Significant difference was seen in the baby weight between the two groups (p value <0.05). 92.75% of babies had low birth weight in Group 1 as compared to 42.21% in Group 2. On performing univariate logistic regression, significant association was seen between GWG and low birth weight (p <0.05), no association was seen between GWG and caesarean (p value >0.05), and no association was seen between GWG and preterm deliveries (p >0.05).Conclusions: Majority of patients in the both groups had term delivery. Women gaining less than recommended weight gain during pregnancy had new born with significantly lower birth weight. There was no association of mode of deliveries and GWG.
A study of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in patients with eclampsia
Authors: Garag Seeta , Janvekar Mubashira
Published: March 2020

Background: The association of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with eclampsia has recently received a lot of attention recently. Advances in Imaging has led to better understanding of the pathophysiology of eclampsia. Present study was undertaken to study the clinical characteristics of patients with eclampsia with PRES.Methods: This is a prospective observational study of 50 cases of Eclampsia with PRES in a period of 1 year. Patients admitted with Eclampsia were subjected to neuroimaging with CT or MRI and those with diagnosis of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome were included in the study and clinical profile analyzed.Results: Total of 50 patients were studied in the period of 1 year. The average age of patients was 21.8 years, majority of them residing in rural areas (74%) and 72% were referred cases.Conclusions: PRES is now identified as core component of Eclampsia. More studies are required to compare the outcome of Eclampsia associated with PRES and without PRES.
Surgical management of a case of recurrent carcinoma cervix: a case report
Authors: Kalpana B. , Balamurugan S. G. , Panda Soumya Ranjan
Published: March 2020

Worldwide cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancers among females. Pelvic recurrence, distant metastases, or a combination of both can occur in patients of carcinoma cervix. A 42-year-old P2L2 with a history of carcinoma cervix stage 3-b came to our OPD for routine follow up. Two year back she was managed with chemoradiation for her primary carcinoma which had parametrium extension. There was a 1 × 1 cm lesion on the anterior vaginal wall which was diagnosed to be cervical recurrence. Patient underwent total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Patient is disease free till now. Treatment decisions should be individualised based on the performance status of the patient, the site of recurrence and/or metastases, the extent of metastatic disease, and prior treatment.
Case report on necrotizing fasciitis following episiotomy
Authors: Pegu Bhabani , D. Jayalakshmi , Gupta Avantika
Published: March 2020

Necrotising fasciitis (NF) is an extremely rare but near fatal bacterial soft tissue infection, complicating the operative wounds. Here is a case report of Necrotising fasciitis in episiotomy wound in low socioeconomic, poorly nourished and anaemic women. A 39 years old, second gravida, delivered normally with medio-lateral episiotomy under local anaesthesia. On postnatal day four, patient developed high grade fever and on examination episiotomy was found to be unhealthy and gaped. She was started on broad spectrum antibiotics empirically but the cellulitis rapidly progressed to vulva, then to the bilateral thighs and extended till knees. Bilateral lower limb Doppler ultrasonography was done to rule out deep vein thrombosis which showed no abnormality. USG abdomen revealed huge pus collection in the lower abdomen. Under anaesthesia, surgical exploration was done, pus was drained followed by wound debridement and pus sent for culture and sensitivity. Pus and blood culture showed growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae, so started on appropriate antibiotics. Patient started recovering, when the wound was healthy, secondary suturing of episiotomy wound done. She was discharged on post-natal day 27 after full recovery. Early diagnosis and aggressive timely management are the corner stone to avoid morbidity and mortality of NF.
Unusual presentation of scrub typhus in pregnancy with postpartum dilated cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: Agarwal Ashita , Sharma Madhu Shweta
Published: March 2020

Though scrub typhus is one of the uncommon causes of fever in peripartum period it must be kept in differential diagnosis of any febrile illness particularly when the signs and symptoms points towards rickettsial etiology. Weil-Felix test can be used for diagnosis. Uncommon complications such as cardiomyopathy must be suspected in cases who present with undue dyspnea and signs of congestive heart failure. Patients with cardiomyopathy needs appropriate management in intensive care units. ECG and 2D echocardiography (2D echo) needs to be done in these patients which may show arrhythmias and ventricular hypokinesia and decreased ejection fraction respectively. A 21 years aged first gravida female at 34 weeks of gestational age was admitted with complaints of high-grade fever since 4-5 days with no previous antenatal visits. A diagnosis of rickettsial fever was suspected on the basis of presenting complaints and clinical examination. Weil-Felix test turned out to be positive with OX19 titre of 1:160. She underwent LSCS in view of fetal distress and delivered a healthy male child. In immediate postpartum period she developed respiratory distress. Her 2D echo showed features suggestive of dilated cardiomyopathy. She was managed in medical intensive care unit and was eventually discharged. Though uncommon rickettsial diseases should be kept in the differential diagnosis of any febrile illness particularly when presenting with characteristic rash. Serious complications such as cardiomyopathy must be diagnosed early and treated appropriately in these patients to prevent mortality.
Histopathological classification of ovarian neoplasm: a retrospective study of 612 cases from a regional cancer centre, Odisha, India
Authors: Mishra Bagmi , Rout Madhusmita , Pradhan Ritu , Mahapatra Subhalaxmi , Dash Sashibhusan
Published: March 2020

Background: Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death amongst women in India. Identification of histological types helps to predict tumor behaviour and further appropriate management. Aims and objectives is to study the histopathological parameters of ovarian tumor.Methods: This retrospective study was done on patients who presented ovarian mass and subsequently underwent surgery in a Regional Cancer Centre, Odisha, over a period of three years from January 2016 to December 2018.  All datas such as age, site, gross findings and histological tumor types were retrieved from pathology and analyzed using MS Excel worksheet.Results: A total 612 cases of ovarian tumor were included for study. Non-neoplastic to neoplastic tumor ratio was 1:7.74. Surface epithelial tumors comprised the majority of tumors, accounting for 452 cases (83.39%). Malignant lesions were predominant in this series 416 cases (76%). Majority of borderline tumors were of mucinous subtype 20 (76.92%). The Mean±SD ages of all benign comprising, borderline and malignant tumors were 47.4±11.9, 44.9±14.3 and 46.9±13, respectively. On the basis of two tired grading system, high grade malignant serous tumors were maximum, 226 (74.34%). Ovarian surface involvement, omental invasion, uterine invasion, LVSI, capsular invasion and pelvic lymph node involvement was observed in 146 (35.26%), 106 (25.6%), 12 (2.89%), 70 (16.9%), 6 (1.44%) and 12 (2.89%) respectively. According to the FIGO staging system, among primary malignant tumor, 58% patients were presented in late stage (III and IV).Conclusions: The high incidence of malignant ovarian tumor with late presentation was observed in our study. So, further study is warranted to elucidate the major factors in our population.
A study of clinical and laboratory profile of dengue positive cases in hadoti region Rajasthan, India
Authors: Meena Vijay Kumar , Meena Shyam Bihari , Meena S. R.
Published: March 2020

Background: Dengue fever is one of the most common arboviral mediated outbreaks reported with increased prevalence year after year with considerable morbidity and mortality in hadoti region. the aim to study various clinical and laboratory manifestations of Dengue fever admitted in MBS Hospital KOTA, with a diagnosis of Dengue fever according to WHO protocol from December 2018 to January 2020.Methods: Prospective observational study was undertaken among adult patients. 132 patients were studied and analysed. And diagnosis was confirmed with Dengue IgM ELISA test. Other routine investigations done were routine hematological and biochemical investigations.Results: A total of 132 cases, out of which 95 cases of Dengue Fever (DF), 34 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever and 3 cases of Dengue Shock syndrome, out of which Male: Female ratio was 2.1. and mean age of presentation was 37. Fever and myalgia were the most common finding (100%) followed by arthralgia and headache. Pruritus was found in 21 cases (15.9%) which carried a significant difference between DF and DHF (p value <0.05). Among the laboratory features, thrombocytopenia and hematocrit were found to be statistically significant in DHF patients (p value <0.05). Mean platelet count was 0.71 lakhs/mm3. Leukopenia in 40(30.3%) cases. Raised Serum Aminotransferase level, AST (>40 IU/L) was seen in 39 cases (29.54%.). Pleural effusion was seen in 4 cases (3%), of which 3 cases of DHF and 1 case of DSS. Ascites in 6 cases (4.8%), all cases belong to DHF. Gall bladder wall thickening was seen in 28 cases (21.21%) of which 20 cases (54.04%) were of DHF. Melena was the most common bleeding manifestation. Skin rash was found to be positive in 40.5% cases. Hess test was positive in 4 cases (10.8% of DHF).Conclusions: Incidence of dengue fever is on the rise in hadoti region and one of the most important differential diagnosis of patients presenting with fever during monsoon and post monsoon seasons.
Yoga is an effective technique of stress reduction within the medical population: a biochemical study in MBBS students of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Tiwari Vikash K. , Pandey Shashi , Mishra Ragini
Published: March 2020

Background: Medicine is a profession with high-stress prevalence. There are many stress markers but cortisol is one of the commonly used stress marker. Stress begins in the first year of medical carrier and increases with subsequent years of medical education. There is a decrease in overall academic performance and many health-related adverse effects due to stress. In this study, yoga was performed in the first year MBBS students of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur and the impact of yoga in stress reduction was studied using serum cortisol as stress a marker.Methods: Study groups, yoga and control contained 26 and 27 subjects including male and female MBBS students. Yoga group practiced selected yogic asana, pranayama, and yoga nidra for 3 months. The control group as a stress marker had been kept in touch and allowed to go on their usual activity as before. Morning (8.00 AM to 9.00 AM) serum cortisol level was used as a stress marker in both group, pre and post-study.Results: There was a significant reduction in morning serum cortisol level (stress level) in yoga group (p-value = 0.0271) but there was no significant change in morning serum cortisol level of the control group (p-value = 0.8573).Conclusions: Yoga is an effective stress reduction technique for medical students. Yoga classes should be introduced in the first year of the medical carrier under the supervision of expert physiologists. This may lead to the implantation of a healthy lifestyle in our future healthcare providers. Yogic practice by health care providers may have long term positive impacts on our healthcare system.
Prevalence of nasal carriage of MRSA in diabetic patients attending the outpatient department
Authors: Bhoi Priyadarshini , Otta Sarita , Swain Bichitrananda , Kar Bikash Ranjan
Published: March 2020

Background: Up to 30% of the human population is asymptomatically colonized with nasal Staphylococcus aureus. Study was done to determine the prevalence and risk factors for MRSA colonization as nasal carrier in a population of outpatients with diabetes.Methods: The study enrolled patients with diabetes from whom nasal swabs were obtained and were analyzed for presence of MRSA.Results: Out of the 402 patients evaluated, 254 (63.18%) were colonized with S. aureus and 164 (64.56%) of them were MRSA.Conclusions: Diabetes have more propensity for MRSA colonization than non-diabetic patients. A better understanding of the epidemiology and risk factors for nasal MRSA colonization in the persons with diabetes may have significant implications for the treatment and prevention of MRSA infections.