Polar cod connectivity cruise 2022
Authors: Husson Bérengère , Eriksen Elena , Jentoft Sissel , Boge Erling , Borgå Katrine , Chierici Melissa , Christensen Jacob , Dupont Sam , Fransson Agneta , Frøyen Egil , Gonzalez Triginer Victor , Hoff Siv , Hylland Ketil , Jackson Michelle C. , Ji Wanying , Jones Elizabeth , Karlson Stine , Krohn-Pettersen Gitte , Lemke Michael , Lunde Andreas , Lutier Mathieu , Macaulay Samuel , Majaneva Sanna , Marsden Luke , Maurstad Marius F. , Orr James , Præbel Kim , Rhodes Nil , Sandig Annemijn , Sen Arunima , Stige Leif C. , Søreide Janne E. , Van Dinh Khuong , Waardal Heum Sverre , Wilhemsen Jan Frode , Ingvaldsen Randi 
Published: January 2023

The Nansen Legacy Polar Cod Connectivity cruise aimed at unravelling polar cod and capelin population connectivity and relation to the physical and chemical environment in Svalbard’s fjords. The main focus areas were Isfjorden, Kongsfjorden, Storfjorden and the South-East of Svalbard. A total of 36 stations were visited to collect of information on polar cod and capelin vertical and horizontal distribution (using echosounder, pelagic and bottom trawls), their population, life cycle and size structure (observation of maturity, otoliths reading and genetic sampling), as well as their diet (stomachs content, sampling of benthic/planktonic prey). Other studies were conducted in link with the objectives of the research foci RF2 The Human Impacts and RF3 The Living Barents Sea. The cruise was also an opportunity to visit well-known monitoring stations to complete already long time series and investigate seasonal variability. 
The cruise started November 12th in Longyearbyen and ended in Tromsø on November 22nd, 2022. The first two days and a half were spent on multidisciplinary sampling in thirteen stations distributed in contrasted areas inside Isfjorden. A rockhopper gear strapping was installed after the first bottom trawl to avoid mud and rocks and kept for the whole cruise. There were some difficulties also with the grab which did not always close. It was possible to spend one day sampling Kongsfjorden, thanks to relatively good weather and low sea-ice conditions. However, the presence of cables on the seafloor and irregular and unsuitable bottom types in that fjord did not allow for bottom trawling to sample demersal and benthic communities. After approximately one day of steaming south in good weather conditions, the sampling continued in Storfjorden. However, the shallowest stations north of Storfjorden and on the way out of the fjord towards the South-East of the archipelago could not be sampled due to time constraints and difficult navigational access. Finally, five multidisciplinary stations could be sampled in the South-East of Svalbard before the two-days transit to Tromsø. Overall, most stations were visited. Polar cod largest fish were maturing, but not mature. Further analyses of the samples should unveil potential genetic differences across the fjords, and image analyses of plankton net samples will be able to detect if there were already eggs in the water column at the beginning of the dark season. There was very little signal on the echosounder during most of the cruise, but the extractive sampling revealed a diversity of communities in the different fjords.