bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defining microbiome communities in banana (Musa spp.) with and without symptoms of Fusarium wilt
Authors: Kaushal Manoj , Swennen Rony , Mahuku George
Published: November 2019

Background: Plant harbours microbial communities in rhizosphere and inside the roots. These plants associated microbial communities play pivotal roles in plant growth and productivity. However, in banana, the microbiome assembly, composition and abundance in different plant organs is not well understood and restricted only to bacterial communities in rhizosphere.
Results: We assessed the diversity, structure and assemblage of bacterial and fungal communities associated with banana plants with and without Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) symptoms. A total of 117,814 bacterial and 17,317 fungal operational taxonomy units (OTUs) were identified in the rhizosphere, roots and corm of the host plant. Results revealed that bacterial and fungal microbiota present in roots and corm primarily emanated from the rhizosphere. The composition of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere, roots and corm were different, with more diversity observed in the rhizosphere and less in the corm. However, distinct sample types i.e. without (asymptomatic) and with (symptomatic) Fusarium symptoms were the major drivers of the fungal community composition. Considering the high relative abundance among samples, we identified core microbiomes with bacterial and fungal OTUs classified into 20 families and colonizing distinct plant components of banana. Our core microbiome assigned 129 bacterial and 37 fungal genera to known taxa.
Conclusions: Banana plants harbor a rich and diverse bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere, roots and corm. By comparing communities in other crops, we state that several of the communities discovered in banana could serve as key nodes for plant growth and health.
Allogeneic human umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cells for severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in children: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial (MSC-BPD Trial)
Authors: Wu Xian , Xia Yunqiu , Zhou Ou , Song Yan , Zhang Xianhong , Tian Daiyin , Li Qubei , Shu Chang , Liu Enmei , Yuan Xiaoping , He Ling , Liu Chengjun , Li Jing , Liang Xiaohua , Yang Ke , Fu Zhou , Zou Lin , Bao Lei , Dai Jihong
Published: November 2019

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a complex lung pathological lesion secondary to multiple factors and one of the most common chronic lung diseases with a poor prognosis, especially in preterm infants. However, effective therapies for this disease are lacking. Stem cell therapy is a promising way to improve lung injury and abnormal alveolarization, and the human umbilical cord (hUC) is a good source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which have demonstrated efficacy in other diseases. We hypothesized that intravenous allogeneic hUC-MSCs are safe and effective for severe BPD. Methods: The MSC-BPD trial is a randomized single-center open-label dose-escalation phase II trial designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of hUC-MSCs in children with severe BPD. In this study, 72 patients will be enrolled and randomly divided into two intervention groups and one control group. Patients in the intervention groups will receive a low dose of hUC-MSCs (n = 24; 2.5 million cells/kg) or a high dose of hUC-MSCs (n = 24; 5 million cells/kg) in combination with traditional supportive treatments for BPD. The patients in the control group (n = 24) will be treated with traditional supportive treatments alone without hUC-MSCs. The primary outcome measures will be cumulative duration of oxygen therapy. Follow-up assessments will be performed at 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months post-intervention, and the key outcome during follow-up will be changes on chest radiography. Statistical analyses will evaluate the efficacy of the hUC-MSC treatment. Discussion: This will be the first randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous hUC-MSCs in children with severe BPD. Its results will provide a new evidence-based therapy for severe BPD.
Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy monitoring versus treatment as usual for extremely preterm infants. A protocol for the SafeBoosC randomised clinical phase III trial
Authors: Hansen Mathias , Pellicer Adelina , Gluud Christian , Dempsey Eugene , Mintzer Jonathan , Hyttel-Sørensen Simon , Heuchan Anne Marie , Hagmann Cornelia , Ergenekon Ebru , Dimitriou Gabriel , Pichler Gerhard , Naulaers Gunnar , Cheng Guoqiang , Guimarães Hercilia , Tkaczyk Jakub , Kreutzer Karen B. , Fumagalli Monica , Claris Olivier , Lemmers Petra , Fredly Siv , Szczapa Tomasz , Austin Topun , Jakobsen Janus Christian , Greisen Gorm
Published: November 2019

Background: Cerebral oxygenation monitoring may reduce the risk of death and neurologic complications in extremely preterm infants, but no such effects have yet been demonstrated in preterm infants in sufficiently powered randomised clinical trials. The objective of the SafeBoosC-III trial is to investigate the benefits and harms of treatment based on near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring compared with treatment as usual for extremely preterm infants. Methods/Design: SafeBoosC III is an investigator-initiated multinational randomised, pragmatic phase III clinical trial. Inclusion criteria will be infants born below 28 weeks postmenstrual age and parental informed consent (unless the site is using ‘opt-out’ or deferred consent). Exclusion criteria will be no parental informed consent (or if ‘opt-out’ is used, lack of record that clinical staff have explained the trial and the ‘opt-out’ consent process to parents and/or a record of parents’ decision to opt-out in the infants clinical file); decision not to provide full life support; and no possibility to initiate cerebral NIRS oximetry within 6 hours after birth. Participants will be randomised 1:1 into either the experimental or control group. Participants in the experimental group will be monitored during the first 72 hours of life with a cerebral NIRS oximeter. Cerebral hypoxia will be treated according to an evidence-based treatment guideline. Participants in the control group will not undergo cerebral oxygenation monitoring and will receive treatment as usual. Each participant will be followed up at 36 weeks postmenstrual age. The primary outcome will be a composite of either death or severe brain injury detected on any of the serial cranial ultrasound scans that are routinely performed in these infants up to 36 weeks postmenstrual age. Severe brain injury will be assessed by a person blinded to group allocation. To detect a 22% relative risk difference between the experimental and control group, we intend to randomise a cohort of 1600 infants. Discussion: Treatment guided by cerebral NIRS oximetry has the potential to decrease the risk of death or survival with severe brain injury in preterm infants. There is an urgent need to assess the clinical effects of NIRS monitoring among preterm neonates. Trial registration: ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03770741 (registered 10/12-2018), https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03770741?recrs=b&cond=cerebral+near+infrared+spectroscopy&rank=3
Consumer Horticulture Advancement: Identifying Critical Research Areas and Cultivating Collaborations
Authors: Bumgarner Natalie , Dorn Sheri , McGinnis Esther , Bennett Pam , Bauske Ellen , Krishnan Sarada , Bradley Lucy
Published: November 2019

Many fields of research converge to assess the impact of plants on human health, well-being, and nutrition. However, even with a recent history of horticulturists contributing to human–plant interaction work, much of the current research is conducted outside the context of horticulture and specifically outside of consumer horticulture (CH). To connect CH to research being conducted by other disciplines that explore the role of plants in improving human quality of life, a workshop was held on 1 Aug. 2018 in Washington, DC, at the American Society for Horticultural Science (ASHS) annual conference. The workshop focused on current food science, nutrition, and crop-breeding efforts to enhance nutrition and flavor, and human health and well-being research related to nature and plant interactions in an increasingly urban population. Following these presentations regarding potential research linkages and collaboration opportunities, a facilitated discussion identified ways to improve future CH research and foster collaborative work. Action items identified included connecting research and vocabulary to help cultivate an interest in plants in younger generations; supporting awareness of collaborative opportunities with health, nutrition, urban planning, and public health practitioners; ensuring CH is known to administrators; and taking responsibility for initiating communication with colleagues in these areas.
The Influence of the Rotation Length of Eucalypt Plantations on Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Southern Brazil
Authors: Soares Emanuelle M.B. , Ferreira Gabriel W.D. , Oliveira Fernanda C.C. , Teixeira Rafael S. , Silva Ivo. R.
Published: November 2019

The rotation length of forest plantations can influence soil organic matter (SOM) pools. However, this is not well documented in eucalypt systems in Brazil. Therefore, we assessed the total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and SOM fractions with different turnover rates (i.e., light organic matter [LOM], alkali extractable [AE], and nonextractable [ANE]) in the top 1 m of soil of 10‐, 13‐, and 22‐yr eucalypt rotations, and compared them with those of a native grassland in southern Brazil. The 22‐yr rotation yielded greater TOC stocks in the 0‐ to 60‐cm soil depth (107.2 Mg ha−1) than the grassland (86.7 Mg ha−1). Total N stocks were lower in the upper soil layers (0‐ to 40‐cm depth interval) in the eucalypts than in the grassland, except for the 10‐yr rotation. The changes in TOC and TN resulted in wider soil C/N ratios in the soil (0‐ to 100‐cm depth interval) in longer rotations (13 and 22 yr). The LOM‐C and LOM‐N fractions were similar between the grassland and longer rotations but were reduced in the 10‐yr stand. Overall, afforestation increased AE‐C stocks; the 10‐ and 13‐yr stands yielded the greatest AE‐C stocks at the 0‐ to 60‐cm and 0‐ to 100‐cm soil depths, respectively. For ANE‐C, the 22‐yr stand yielded the greatest stock at the 0‐ to 100‐cm depth (88.8 Mg ha−1). Our study showed that longer eucalypt rotations promoted soil C accrual compared with the grassland and shorter rotations; however, TN stocks were less affected, resulting in wider soil C/N ratio as rotation length increased.
Estimating Atterberg Limits of Fine‐Grained Soils by Visible–Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Rehman Hafeez Ur , Knadel Maria , Kayabali Kamil , Arthur Emmanuel
Published: November 2019

Core Ideas

Two methods each to measure each Atterberg limit (SL, PL, and LL) were evaluated.

A Vis‐NIRS technique successfully estimated Atterberg limits for fine‐grained soils.

The Atterberg limits correlated with typical clay signatures in the Vis‐NIR spectrum

Vis‐NIRS model performance was independent of the method used to generate the reference data.

The Atterberg limits (shrinkage limit [SL], plastic limit [PL], and liquid limit [LL]) describe the physico‐mechanical behavior of soils and thus are crucial for civil and agricultural applications. Conventional laboratory methods for measurement of these limits are tedious and costly for a large number of samples. Our objective was to develop visible–near‐infrared spectroscopy (Vis‐NIRS, from 400–2500 nm) based reliable models to estimate the Atterberg limits. Two conventional methods for each Atterberg limit were used to generate the reference data: paraffin wax and Hg methods for SL; rolling and motorized devices for PL; and Casagrande cup and drop‐cone penetrometer methods for LL. Calibration models were built on 80% of the data using partial least squares regression and validated with the remaining 20% of the dataset. The Vis‐NIRS independent validation of LL showed very good estimation with standardized RMSE (SRMSE = RMSE/Range) of 0.16 and 0.15, respectively, for LLdrop‐coneand LLCasagrandemethods. Similarly for PL, the Vis‐NIRS estimation accuracy was quite good with SRMSE values of 0.18 and 0.22, respectively, for PLmotorizedand PLrolling. Reasonably good estimation was obtained for the SLparaffinand SLHgwith SRMSE of 0.25 for both methods. The results suggest that the Vis‐NIRS calibration models and the accuracy following validation were similar for the pair of methods used for the SL, PL, and LL. Finally, analyses of the model regression coefficients revealed that the important wavelengths to estimate the SL, PL, and LL in the Vis‐NIR regions were present across the entire Vis‐NIR spectrum and were strongly related to clay type and content.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI KAWASAN WISATA GOA KREO PADA MATERI EKOSISTEM KELAS X SMA NEGERI 16 SEMARANG
Authors: Lestari Atsni , Lianah Lianah , Hidayat Saifullah
Published: November 2019

Upaya pengembangan modul biologi berbasis kearifan lokal masih belum banyak digunakan dalam pembelajaran di sekolah.  Salah satu sekolah yang belum menggunakan modul mata pelajaran biologi yang berbasis kearifan lokal ialah SMA Negeri 16 Semarang. SMA Negeri 16 Semarang pada tahun 2016 telah memperoleh penghargaan sebagai sekolah Adiwiyata, yaitu sekolah yang mampu menerapkan kepedulian terhadap lingkungan yang ada di sekitarnya. Oleh karenanya sebagai sekolah berwawasan kepedulian terhadap lingkungan diperlukan adanya modul pembelajaran biologi berbasis kearifan lokal sekitar untuk dapat diterapkan dalam lingkungan sekolah. Salah satu upaya mewujudkan hal tersebut, maka diperlukan pengembangan modul ekosistem berbasis kearifan lokal di Kawasan Wisata Goa Kreo.  Dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan sumber belajar peserta didik, mampu memberikan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal kepada peserta didik, serta sebagai upaya menjaga kelestarian tradisi alam sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan modul materi ekosistem yang telah dikembangkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Research and Development, mengacu pada model 4D (define, design, develop, dan dessiminate) Thiagarajan. Hasil pengembangan sangat layak digunakan delam pembelajaran, hal tersebut berdasarkan pada penilaian kualitas modul oleh ahli materi dengan presentase sebesar 84,54 persen, ahli modul dengan presentase sebesar 93.34 persen, guru mata pelajaran biologi dengan presentase sebesar 90,23 persen, dan menurut tanggapan peserta didik dengan presentase sebesar 97,2 persen. Berdasarkan penilaian tersebut maka modul yang dikembangkan sangat layak untuk digunakan.
Self concept, self efficacy, and interpersonal communication effectiveness of student
Authors: Yulikhah Safitri , Bukhori Baidi , Murtadho Ali
Published: November 2019

Successful interpersonal communication is one of the determinants of success factors of preaching, counseling, and learning. However, the data showed that not all students can deliver effective interpersonal communication. It can be developed if students have self-concept and self-efficacy. This study aims to examine the effects of self-concept and self-efficacy on students' interpersonal communication. The subjects of this study were 342 students of the Walisongo State Islamic University of Semarang, who were selected using the cluster random sampling technique. Data were collected using three psychological scales, namely self-concept scale, self-efficacy, and effective interpersonal communication scale. Simple regression techniques and multiple regressions were used for analyzing the data. The results of the study showed that self-concept partially influenced the effectiveness of the students' interpersonal communication, contributing by 12.7%. In line with the finding, self-efficacy also has a contribution to it by 12%. Also, self-concept and self-efficacy simultaneously had contributions to the effectiveness of the students' interpersonal communication as much as 12.2%.
Analysis and optimization of a new cylindrical air gap membrane distillation system
Authors: Shahu Vandita T. , Thombre S. B.
Published: November 2019

Membrane distillation is a rate-governed non-isothermal membrane separation technique that utilizes trans-membrane temperature difference for evaporating water and thereby separating it from brackish feed for reproducing fresh water. A novel design of a cylindrical air gap membrane distillation module is presented. The module is fabricated in a way similar to a shell and tube heat exchanger. A PTFE hydrophobic membrane is used and is formed in a cylindrical shape. Design of experiments (DOE) is used to design the experiments statistically and to identify the significant operating parameters. Experiments were performed according to the Taguchi design approach using an L16 orthogonal array. Optimization of the whole process is performed by response surface methodology. It is shown that the feed temperature and feed flow rate have a positive effect, whereas the salinity has a negative impact on flux. The maximum value of flux achieved with this system is 3.6 kg/m2 hr. A high value of flux of 2.6 kg/m2 hr was achieved under optimum conditions at a temperature of 45 °C and a flow rate of 1.5 lpm with a salinity of 5 g/litre.
LEGAL ENTITIES AS THE MAIN PARTICIPANTS IN BUSINESS ACTIVITY IN RUSSIA AND CHINA
Authors: Berzin O. , Shliagina E.
Published: November 2019

The legal entity is one of the most common forms of business activity in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. The regulation of legal entities in Russia and China has changed in recent years, which makes the study of this issue especially relevant. This article explores and compares the concept of business activity, the system of legal entities and several types of particular legal entities in regard to companies found in Russia and China. The research concludes that the system of legal entities in the Russian Federation has an exhaustive regulation that facilitates the interpretation of the civil legislation and allows distinguishing the relevant characteristics of any type of organization. In China, there was no unified system of legal entities until 2017. While the General Provisions of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China adopted in 2017 is a serious and important attempt to establish a system of legal entities, the law does not contain the essential characteristics of legal entities; additionally, a number of the provisions of the legal acts in force devoted to the regulation of the activities of legal entities have not yet been brought in line with the new law.
DISMISSAL PROTECTION IN THE BRICS COUNTRIES IN LIGHT OF ILO CON VENTION No. 158
Authors: Sychenko E. , Laruccia M. , Cusciano D. , Chikireva I. , Wenpei L. , Smit P.
Published: November 2019

The BRICS countries have aspirations to achieve sustainable development in their economies and environmental protection. These aspirations have an important social aspect in the area of employment protection as it relates to ensuring fair development. In order to establish national standards for dismissal protection in four of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, China and South Africa) the authors have considered the legislation and relevant national case law. This paper includes a review of International Labour Organisation (ILO) standards of dismissal protection, which are used as a pattern for comparison. The paper consists of five parts: the first deals with the history and explores the legal standards adopted in the ILO Convention No. 158; the remaining four parts present the research on each of the national dismissal protection systems in the four BRICS countries under study. The authors conclude that even though the national systems are different and have dissimilar scopes in respect of dismissal protection, their regulations are largely in line with the Convention, which has not been ratified by any of the BRICS countries; and that international instruments even without ratification may be a helpful instrument for shaping the national system of dismissal protection, and for providing guidance to policymakers and legislators.
CHIEF EDITOR’S NOTE ON THE NEW RUSSIAN LAW ON GROUP LITIGATION
Authors: Maleshin D.
Published: November 2019

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UN ILATERAL SANCTIONS – A VESTIGE OF A UNIPOLAR WORLD: THE CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE LEGAL POSITION OF THE BRICS COUNTRIES
Authors: Kapustin A. , Khabriev B.
Published: November 2019

The efforts of the BRICs countries to establish a fair international legal order determine the scholarly interest in conceptualizing the legal position on the inadmissibility of the use of unlawful unilateral coercive measures in international relations. This paper adopts an interdisciplinary approach to the study of the phenomenon of combating discriminatory sanctions policies of individual states and international organizations, including elements of economic, legal and international legal analysis. The subject of the authors’ interest is not the methodology of “economic analysis” of legal phenomena, which is recognized in legal science; rather, it is an attempt to synthesize the methods of various disciplines, allowing a comprehensive assessment of the possibility of countering “sanctions threats” to the state sovereignty of Russia as one of the members of BRICS. The main directions of the economic policy of the state in the conditions of the “sanctions regime,” the features of acts of Russian legislation aimed at protecting sovereignty from illegal unilateral restrictive measures, in the historical context, and taking into account modern views, the doctrinal approaches to the concept of “sanctions” in the science and practice of international law are all analyzed. As a result, it is found that the pluralism of approaches to the definition of “sanctions” is maintained, which is explained by the insufficient level of international legal regulation of international coercion and the continuing decentralization of the system of international law. The grounds for the legitimacy of sanctions mechanisms operate in the system of collective security of the U.N., based on the analysis of the provisions of the U.N. Charter and the normative array of recommendatory norms of the U.N. General Assembly. The evolution of the mechanism of non-military coercive measures of the U.N. Security Council is analyzed, and the parameters of the legitimacy of sanctions by regional international organizations on the basis of the provisions of the U.N. Charter are determined. Normative contours of “soft regulators” of counteractions to illegitimate unilateral coercive measures are established.
Nar (Punica Granatum L.) Bitkisinin Doğal Mordanlarla Boyama ve Haslık Değerleri
Authors: Başaran Fatma Nur , Aydın Şengül
Published: November 2019

Doğa,
insanlara tüm görkemi ve zenginliği ile görseller sunarak “renklilik” kavramını
oluşturmada yardımcı olduğu gibi, renk veren kaynakları ile malzeme de
sağlamıştır. Zamanla boyama
yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi, yüksek teknolojilerle iplik ve kumaşlar üzerine
uygulanmasına
rağmen, doğal kaynaklar ve özellikle bitkisel boyalar tekstillerin
renklendirilmesinde her zaman özel bir yere sahip olmuştur. Bitkisel
boyalar; renk veren bitkilerin yaprak, çiçek, kozalak, gövde kabukları, kök,
sürgün vb. kısımlarından elde edilmektedir. Bitkisel boyalarla doğrudan boyama yapılabildiği gibi, aynı
zamanda yardımcı maddelere de ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Mordan adı verilen bu
maddeler, boyarmaddenin liflere
daha iyi tutunmasını, iyi bir renk haslığı ile aynı bitkiden farklı renk tonları elde edilmesini sağlamaktadır. Doğal boya üretiminde bitkisel
atıklar, geri dönüşüm olarak değerlendirilmesi ve temiz bir boyama teknolojisi
ile çevreyle
uyumu açısından ilgi çekmekte ve doğal boyaların önemini artırmaktadır. Bu
aşamada bitkisel boyarmaddelerin yanı sıra doğal mordanlar da önem
kazanmaktadır. Dolayısıyla bu araştırmada, nar bitkisinin çeşitli kısımları ve
labada kökü, kül suyu doğal mordanları kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, nar
bitkisinin, kabuk, çiçek ve yapraklarından elde edilen boyarmadde ve doğal
mordanlarla boyanan yün ve pamuk ipliklerinin renk özelliklerini incelemek ve
haslık düzeylerini belirlemektir. Yün ve pamuk ipliklerinin boyanmasında mordansız
ve birlikte mordanlama yöntemleri kullanılmış; yıkama ve sürtünme haslık
testleri yapılmıştır.
Electrochemical-Based Biosensors: New Diagnosis Platforms for Cardiovascular Disease
Authors: Yousefi Fatemeh , Movahedpour Ahmad , Shabaninejad Zahra , Ghasemi Younes , Rabbani Shahram , Sobnani-Nasab Ali , Mohammadi Soheila , Hajimoradi Behzad , Rezaei Samaneh , Savardashtaki Amir , Mazoochi Majid , Mirzaei Hamed
Published: November 2019

One of the major reasons for mortality throughout the world is cardiovascular diseases.
Therefore, bio-markers of cardiovascular disease are of high importance to diagnose and manage procedure.
Detecting biomarkers provided a promising procedure in developing bio-sensors. Fast, selective,
portable, accurate, inexpensive, and sensitive biomarker sensing instruments will be necessary for
detecting and predicting diseases. One of the cardiac biomarkers may be ordered as C-reactive proteins,
lipoprotein-linked phospho-lipase, troponin I or T, myoglobin, interleukin-6, interleukin-1, tumor necrosis
factor alpha, LDL and myeloperoxidase. The biomarkers are applied to anticipate cardio-vascular
illnesses. Initial diagnoses of these diseases are possible by several techniques; however, they are laborious
and need costly apparatus. Current researches designed various bio-sensors for resolving the respective
issues. Electrochemical instruments and the proposed bio-sensors are preferred over other
methods due to its inexpensiveness, mobility, reliability, repeatability. The present review comprehensively
dealt with detecting biomarkers of cardiovascular disease through electro-chemical techniques.
Early Biomarkers for Severe Drug Hypersensitivity Reactions
Authors: Ariza Adriana , Torres Maria J. , Moreno-Aguilar Carmen , Fernández-Santamaría Rubén , Fernández Tahia D.
Published: November 2019

Drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) are typically classified into immediate and delayed reactions based on the time interval between drug exposure and onset of symptoms. Clinical manifestations range from mild to severe and life-threatening reactions. The most severe clinical entities are anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock for immediate reactions, and severe cutaneous adverse reactions such as Steven Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis for delayed reactions. The diagnosis is complex and challenging, as drug provocation tests and even skin tests can be very risky procedures, which makes them not recommended. Therefore, it is necessary to search for useful early biomarkers to manage the diagnosis of these reactions. These biomarkers could be useful to determine the clinical entity, but not to identify the culprit drug. Some of the currently available biomarkers are few genetic associations of drug allergy with polymorphisms of human leukocyte antigen (HLA), the detection of inflammatory and lipid mediators in serum, or the detection of cytokines, chemokines, and cytotoxic markers in skin biopsies. In this literature review, it has been summarize the immunological mechanisms involved in severe reactions, both immediate and delayed, and different early biomarkers: those currently used for the diagnosis of these reactions as well as possible early biomarkers that could be useful with further studies to standardize their clinical use.
Phytochemical and Cytotoxicity Studies of Callistemon viminalis Leaves Extract Growing in Egypt
Authors: Ahmed Amal H.
Published: November 2019

Objective:

To isolate and identify new compounds from the methanolic extract of Callistemon
viminalis leaves collected in Cairo, Egypt and evaluate its cytotoxic and hepatoprotective potentials.

Method:

The methanolic extract of Callistemon viminalis leaves was fractionated and subjected to
different chromatographic techniques to isolate pure, new compounds which were identified by nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR), spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometric methods. The methanolic
extract of the leaves was assessed for its cytotoxic and hepatoprotective activities against Hepatocellular
carcinoma cells (Hep G-2 cell line) by estimating the viability of the HepG2 cells by the MTT reduction
assay.

Results:

Six compounds were isolated and identified for the first time from the methanolic extract of Callistemon
viminalis leaves, three compounds are new flavonoids namely; 3-O-[α-L-arabinopyranosyl-
(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl)]-3′-O-methylquercetin (C1); 5,7,3',4' tetrahydroxy isoflavone-7-O-α-
L-1C4- rhamnopyranosyl (1'''-6'')-O-β-D-4C1-glucopyranoside (C2) and 6-methyl-5,7-dihydroxy-4'-
methoxyflavone (C6) along with the three known ones; hyperoside (C3), rutin (C4) and isoquercitrin (C5).

Conclusion:

The methanolic extract of the leaves showed strong cytotoxic activity against Hepatocellular
carcinoma cells (Hep G-2 cell line) and weak hepatoprotective effect.
The ellipsis of grammatical functions in coordinative structure of Japanese language
Authors: Aryani Made Ratna Dian
Published: November 2019

The discussion in this paper is focused on the ellipsis of grammatical functions in Japanese covering that of the function of grammatical of coordinative structure. The data analyzed in this paper were taken from Japanese corpus data. The concept of ellipsis was taken from Quirk et al., (1985), Makino & Tsutsui, (1994), and Verhaar (1981). The ellipsis from Quirk et al (1985) was applied the concept of recoverability from the grammatical point of view: (1) textual recoverability, (2) situational recoverability, and (3) structural recoverability. The qualitative and synchronic descriptive method was employed in this study. A qualitatively descriptive method was employed to explain and describe the coordinative sentence, whereas the synchronic approach was used to cover the current language phenomena. The findings show that in the coordinative structure, ellipsis of the function of grammatical subject, ellipsis the function of predicate and ellipsis of the function of object took place. Ellipsis of the function of grammatical in the coordinative structure can be anaphoric or cataphoric. It is called anaphoric because the ellipsis takes place rightward, the controlling constituents are located in the first clauses and the controlled constituents are located in the second clause. It is called cataphoric because the controlling constituents are located in the second clauses and the controlled constituents are located in the first clauses.
Evaluation of beauty training programs in regional work training center of East Jakarta using the goal free evaluation model
Authors: Martalena Nely Suroyya , Atmanto Dwi , Siregar Jenny Sista
Published: November 2019

This study aims to determine the impact of the beauty training program in PPKD of East Jakarta  on students. The impact can be seen based on three criteria, namely positive impacts according to program objectives, positive impacts outside the program objectives (side effects), and negative impacts outside the program objectives. The research method used in this study is an evaluative study using the Goal Free Evaluation model. The research subjects consisted of: managers, instructors, and beauty training participants in PPKD of East Jakarta . Data was collected using observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that (1) the positive impact according to the program objectives was felt by almost all training participants, namely they could increase their knowledge and skills in the field of beauty and were ready to enter the workforce, (2) a positive impact outside the program objectives freelance work as a makeup artist, having confidence in work, and daring to open a business in the field of beauty, and (3) negative impacts outside the program's objectives felt by a small number of training participants who were less serious and less focused on training that they could not accept the material taught so that they are not ready to enter the workforce.
Factors affecting the employability skills of vocational students majoring mechanical engineering
Authors: Fitriyanto Muhammad Noor , Pardjono Pardjono
Published: November 2019

This study aims to find out the significance of the direct effect of industrial work practices on work learning readiness, vocational competency, and employability skills, the direct effect of work learning readiness on employability skills, and the direct effect of vocational competency on employability skills. The significance of the effect founds was expected to enhance the knowledge and consideration for developing employability skills vocational high school (VHS) students especially at industrial work practice, work readiness, vocational competency at vocational high school. The research used a quantitative approach with ex-post facto type. The data were analyzed quantitatively to test the formulated hypothesis. The research was conducted at State and Private Vocational High School in Yogyakarta Special Region. The population of the study was grade XII students majoring mechanical engineering. The research samples were 444 students who were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling. The data collection techniques were questionnaires distribution and documentation. The content validity was established using expert judgment. The construct validity was established using analysis factor by Kaiser Meyer Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO MSA) with a value of 0.691. The reliability of the research was judged using Cronbach's alpha with value for work readiness of 0.921 and employability skills of 0.864. The data analysis technique used path analysis. The result of the study shows that employability skills can be improved through effective implementation of industrial work practice, good training work learning readiness, and vocational competency-based technical skills and non-technical skills.
The impact of independent learning on students’ accounting learning outcomes at vocational high school
Authors: Sari Ery Novita , Zamroni Zamroni
Published: November 2019

The independence of student learning in recent years was discussed in several articles. Through the development of an independent attitude in learning, students can diagnose learning difficulties and find the right solution to solve them. This study was aimed at finding out how the influence of learning independence on students' accounting learning outcomes. The type of research used is ex-post facto quantitative research. The population of the research is all students of class XI of Public Middle School in the city of Yogyakarta, with a total of 156 students. The instruments used were questionnaires and multiple-choice questions (MCQs). Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were measured using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) through the Lisrel 8.80 application, while the validity and reliability of MCQs were measured using Rasch approach through the Quest application. Several questionnaires in the form of questionnaires and documentation were used on the testing instrument. The number of instruments for learning independence was 19 statements. The closed statement form used a Likert scale consisting of five alternative answers. The number of MCQs is 18 questions. There were 18 valid statements found after going through the calculation of validation, reliability, difficulty level of the question, and distinguishing power. Simple regression was used for the data analysis technique. The results of the study show that the learning independence variable has a significant and positive influence. It can be seen from the learning independence variable, which has a value of 2.187 and a significance value smaller than 0.05 (0.030 <0.05).
Evaluation of the implementation of workshop and laboratory management on vocational high school
Authors: Pangestu Fuadillah , Sukardi Sukardi
Published: November 2019

This research aims to reveal: the development of workshop and laboratory management implementation, also the suitability of facilities and infrastructure on Vocational High School in Banggai District, which refers to the indicator of good workshop and laboratory, according to the Directorate of Vocational Education. This research is evaluation research, which employs a goal free evaluation model and descriptive quantitative approach. The research sample involved in this study was 187 teachers and students. The data analysis technique used in this research was the average score and skewness. The result of this research shows that: (1) The workshop development is appropriate enough and good, yet it still needs further improvement with students to score at 81.19 and -0.229 also the teachers at 197.78 and -0.433. (2) The laboratory development is appropriate enough, and it still needs further improvement with students to score at 96.64 and 0.393, also the teachers at 209.03 and 0.36. (3) The suitability of the workshop’s facilities and infrastructure is appropriate enough, and it still needs further improvement with the score at 250.205 and 0.549, and also the laboratory is appropriate enough and good, yet it still needs further improvement with the score at 252.80 and -1.694.
Factors for Effective Repair and Maintenance Services in the Housing Industry
Authors: Md Dahlan Farhan , Abdul Tharim Asniza Hamimi , Zainuddin Ashrof , Haffiz Aliasak Mohd Hasrol
Published: November 2019

Most residents of high-rise housing do not realize the importance of proper building management until their physical buildings and shared facilities have deteriorated. This paper identifies the factors for effective repair and maintenance services in a housing setting. The study uses systematic literature review method analyzed through content analysis techniques with peer-reviewed journal articles. Results include potential factors for effective repair and maintenance services in high-rise housing. This study contributes by giving valuable reference to the property management companies managing such houses to consider the factors for effective repair and maintenance towards building quality and sustainability. Keywords: Effective repair & maintenance services; High-rise Housing; Housing Industry eISSN: 2398-4287 © 2019. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/e-bpj.v4i12.1938
The Effects of Enhancement Strategies of Beef Flanks on Composition and Consumer Palatability Characteristics
Authors: Morrow Sean J. , Garmyn Andrea J. , Hardcastle Nicholas C. , Brooks J. Chance , Miller Markus F.
Published: November 2019

Beef rectus abdominis muscles (n = 100; 20/treatment) were assigned randomly to 1 of 5 treatments: untreated control (Control, No Treatment; CNT), vacuum tumbled control without marinade (Tumbled Control, No Treatment; TCNT), vacuum tumbled with marinade (TUMB), injected with marinade (INJ), and injected with marinade plus vacuum tumbled (IPT) to determine how enhancement techniques influence consumer palatability. After processing, flank samples were cooked (72°C), cut into 1.3-cm strips, and served as fajita strips for consumer evaluation (n = 200). Treatment influenced (P < 0.01) the rating and acceptability of all palatability traits, overall liking, and willingness to pay (WTP). Consumers scored IPT and INJ more tender compared to all other treatments (P < 0.05). Samples processed using IPT and INJ were juicier (P < 0.05) than all other treatments, except INJ and TUMB were similar (P > 0.05). Samples processed using TUMB and INJ were similar (P > 0.05) for flavor and WTP, and INJ, IPT, and TUMB samples were similar (P > 0.05) for overall liking. Thus, consumers were willing to pay more for IPT than TUMB (P < 0.05). Consumers scored CNT and TCNT lower for all palatability traits which resulted in lower WTP (P < 0.05). Inclusion of a marinade improved the eating quality of samples compared to CNT and TCNT. The delivery method of the brine solution was less important to palatability as the presence of a marinade, as IPT, INJ, and TUMB were all similar (P > 0.05) for overall liking. Injection plus tumbling improved tenderness, juiciness, and flavor liking scores over tumbling alone, but not over injection alone. Injection influenced consumer tenderness more than tumbling, but tumbling had greater effects on cooked moisture than injection. While IPT did not surpass either TUMB or INJ in all sensory categories, IPT does excel when considering moisture retention along with palatability.
Reductive Approach to the Synthesis of the Molecular Lanthanide Polypnictide Complexes
Authors: Konchenko Sergey N.
Published: November 2019

In spite of the vigorous development during the last few decades, the coordination chemistry of lanthanides (Ln) is 95% still the chemistry of complexes with O- and N-donor ligands. The compounds with the Ln—E bond (E is a heavy element of the group 15th or 16th) up to now are considered as unconventional or exotic. Recently the fruitful “reductive approach” to this kind of compounds has been developed. The approach involves the performing of reactions between the strong reductants (Ln(II) complexes) and inorganic or organometallic compounds of the main group heavy elements. This paper is focused on the synthesis and structural diversity of the new family of the lanthanide compounds – polypnictide homo- and heterometallic complexes.
Judicialização da educação de surdos: caminho para sua efetivação?
Authors: Rodrigues Cássia Sígolo , Assis Ana Elisa Spaolonzi Queiroz
Published: November 2019

Este artigo buscou analisar os encaminhamentos referentes à judicialização de políticas educacionais já definidas, mas não implementadas, aos estudantes surdos em municípios do Estado de São Paulo, a partir do levantamento de decisões proferidas pelo Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo, no período de 2005 a 2018. De posse das nove ementas, foi concebido que em cinco delas a tônica dos depoentes foi a garantia do direito da presença do profissional Tradutor e Intérprete de Língua Brasileira de Sinais (TILS) no processo de escolarização de estudantes surdos.  Observou-se que os acórdãos consolidaram a oferta do TILS como um direito deste alunado, e foram prontamente atendidas em primeira instância. Apesar da legislação vigente, a busca pela efetivação de um direito proclamado, mas não cumprido, foi executada através da judicialização.
Determination of Uncertainty in Measuring Instruments in Electrical Engineering Programs
Authors: Espinel-Ortega Álvaro , Vega-E Adriana
Published: November 2019

When electrical engineering students start their instrumentation and measurement course, they have previously taken calculus, physics, probability, and statistics. However, they have problems to apply the knowledge they acquired to solve problems related to electrical measurements and variables in the profession, such as water flows, solar radiation, wind speed and water levels. This paper shows how to integrate all the concepts involved in the process to calculate measurement uncertainty in order to improve the way the results of measurements and/or error determination processes are described. For that purpose, this study presents an applied exercise and a methodological process by means of an example, where the value of a resistance is determined taking into account the data of voltage and current measurements and using few data. The objective is to focus the process on estimating Type A and Type B uncertainty and the factors that affect the measurement processes, such as uncertainty due to random variations of the measured signals, instrument defects, imprecision of the instruments, or their resolution. During the calculation of uncertainty proposed here, students use the probabilistic knowledge they have acquired after they determined the value of the uncertainty U from the combined uncertainty u𝑐 (R), where the coverage factor is taken into account. This allows us to learn about the importance of expressing the results with higher (+) or lower (-) values of uncertainty. In the exercise carried out in this work, R = 733.31 +/- 8.10 ohm.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF MELALUI KEGIATAN MERONCE
Authors: Utami Elni Nur
Published: November 2019

Elni Nur Utami (2017). Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Kognitif Melalui Kegiatan Meronce (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Terhadap Anak Usia Dini Kelompok B TK Triaslingga Cimahi).             Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran kondisi awal anak kelompok B sebelum dan sesudah diberikannya pendekatan pembelajaran melalui kegiatan meronce, mengetahui proses perkembangan kemampuan kognitif anak melalui kegiatan meronce, dan mengetahui hasil dari kegiatan meronce dalam perkembangan kemampuan kognitif.             Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu (1) Perencanaan, (2) Pelaksanaan tindakan, (3) Observasi dan evaluasi, (4) Refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 11 orang anak. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan menggunakan teknik presentase dengan pelaksanaan beberapa tahapan.             Kondisi awal kemampuan kognitif anak kelompok B TK Triaslingga Cimahi berada pada kategori Berkembang Sangat Baik (BSB) hanya 0,0 %. Namun setelah diberikan tindakan siklus I, pencapaian perkembangan kognitif anak pada kategori BSB meningkat menjadi 45,4 %. Setelah diberikan tindakan siklus II, pencapaian perkembangan kognitif anak pada kategori BSB mengalami peningkatan menjadi 81,8 % dari keseluruhan anak.             Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penguasaan konsep “mengenal warna, ukuran, dan  bentuk geometri” dapat di tingkatkan melalui kegiatan meronce. Penggunaan media meronce ini dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif untuk meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif anak usia dini sebagai salah satu media pembelajaran yang menarik.