bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVIATION SECURITY IN EUROPEAN UNION. EUROPEAN AVIATION SAFETY AGENCY
Authors:   Baku State University master, Oktay Huseynova Gunel
Published: May 2021

Faced with a massive increase in air traffic resulting from the successful implementation of the single aviation market, the European Union ensures that all European citizens can enjoy the high level of safety in the sky. The European Commission developed a set of basic civil aviation security standards with the Regulation (EC) No 2320/2002, establishing common rules in the field of civil aviation security which was adopted on 16th December 2002 by the European Parliament. In 2008, Regulation (EC) No 300/2008 repealed this Regulation and introduced a series of new measures aimed to improve, streamline and simplify existing procedures. In 2002, the Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 was the founding document of a new entity, the European Aviation Safety Agency. Areas of activity were Certification and Maintenance of aircraft. On 18 March the new Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, repealing the original Basic Regulation was published and applicable from 08 April on. By virtue of Regulation (EC) No 216/2008, the EU extended the common aviation safety rules and the corresponding responsibilities of EASA to aircraft operations and aircrew licensing and training. Key words: aviation, security, European Aviation Safety Agency, Joint Aviation Authorities, Joint Aviation Requirements
Ensuring the strength and sealing of flange connections used in oil mining equipments
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Neft və Sənaye Universiteti magistrant, İlqar oğlu Salmanov Səbuhi
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the tightness of flange connections used in oil field equipment, provides information about leakage of metallic gaskets. The research results is directed the development og metallic gaskets. Experimental explorations on the sealing of gaskets have been conducted. Based on the obtained analytical expression a graph of functional dependencies was constructed. Tests of metallic gaskets have performed on automatic equipment. Key words: flange connections, sealing, metallic gasket, elastic modulus, leakage rate, compressive stress, medium pressure
INTERNATIONAL DOUBLE TAXATION: DSOUBLE TAXATION AGREEMENTS (DTA)
Authors:   Baku State University master, Arzu Jabbarov Rahman
Published: May 2021

As a result, present taxation, avoidance of double taxation and Double Taxation Agreements (DTA) are important elements of international trade relations. All states are interested in harmonizing tax systems to expand trade and other ties with each other. Thus, importance of double taxation agreements (DTA), structure of these treaties nneds to be resarched and stuidied in that article. Key words: taxation, history of double taxation, avoidance of double taxation, double taxation agreements, mechanics of double tax avoidance
THE ROLE OF COURT OF JUSTICE WITHIN THE EU TAXATION LAW
Authors:   Baku State University master, Arzu Jabbarov Rahman
Published: May 2021

Key words: EU taxaion, functions Court of justice of EU, role of CJEU in EU taxation, creative jurisprudence Introduction The “European tax law” is a set of regulations issued by the EU institutions and designed to provide the control of tax matters over the tax legislations of the Member States. However, the existence of EU rules aimed to regulate the procedures for taxation in the European Member States is not enough to identify an area of an independent and autonomous law. In fact, if the tendency to profile the EU law is developing in the recent times, in order to valorize the regulatory provisions of specific areas of the legal system (giving a meaning to the definition of “European private law” or “European administrative law” or even “European trial law”), it must be considered that the identification of an autonomous sector of law requires the logic of a “legal system”; it basically implies the existence of principles and juridical values and the dynamic relationships between the norms. Therefore, the existence of a set of general rules by EU institutions cannot be considered sufficient to identify a “European tax law”; if these rules compose a mere aggregate without a functional meaning, the element of the systematic unity would be lacking and there should not be an autonomous order of law. In any case, there are several elements which lead to identify an independent and autonomous sector of law in the set of EU norms regarding the taxation law. On the other hand, it must be noted that the fiscal discipline drawn up by the EU sharply drifts away from the developmental lines of the modern tax law. In fact, the whole of the European fiscal regulations essentially meets the logic of the market integration on the basis of the principles of the trading free competetion regardless of the nationality or the residence. Therefore, the tax system is free of its potential load of “obstruction” regarding the free movement of capitals, people, goods or services (the four freedoms of European tradition), in order to show up as a system of “neutral” rules compared to the market and the economic forces of a “free system”. There is a complete lack of the tradition of the European constitutional values which characterize the basic skills of the taxation phenomenon. Particularly, it can be observed as a lack of the “fiscal interest”, intended as the general interest of the associates to the acquisition of tax resources in order to facilitate the social development, the institutional progress, the growth of the Welfare State and the essential equality of all the members of the civil community. Likewise, there is no trace of a reference to the ability to pay, an inescapable principle of distribution of tax burdens among the associates in order to ensure the concrete pursuit of a logic of the national wealth redistribution, which is at the same time a measure of guarantee and a safeguard of the individual sphere from the public administration excesses operated for the tax burden.
МЕТАФОРА ЦВЕТООБОЗНАЧЕНИЯ В ПОСЛОВИЦАХ И ПОГОВОРКАХ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Authors:   Самаркандский государственный институт иностранных языков магистрант, Талатович Умаров Фарход
Published: May 2021

Последнее время происходит столкновение разных культур и интерес к изучению языка в связи с социально-экономическим развитием стран мира и миграции народов. При этом, цветообозначение, также представляет особый интерес при изучении лексического содержания пословиц и поговорок английского языка. Поэтому целесообразно изучать эту тему с точки зрения лингвистики, с помощью структурно-семантичного анализа фразеологизмов с метафорой цветообозначения. Исследованием метафоры цветообозначения занимались многие учёные, в том числе и лингвисты многих стран (А.П.Василевич, В.В.Виноградов, А.В.Кунин, В.М.Фрумкина, Б.Берлин, П.Кей и другие), но есть и малоизученные стороны в разных языках мира. Целью данной статьи является изучение пословиц и поговорок английского языка, имеющих метафору цветообозначения, их сходства, отличия, аналоги и переводы на русский язык.
SIGNIFICANCE OF UMBRELLA CLAUSES IN INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT LAW
Authors:   Baku State University master, Bakhshali Zeynalli Nargiz
Published: May 2021

A large number of investment treaties contain provisions, often referred to as ‘umbrella clauses’, that require host states to respect non-treaty commitments and obligations made to foreign investment covered by the treaty. This article examines the general nature of umbrella clauses, their historical background, the various forms that they can take, and their application by arbitral tribunals. In view of the unsettled state of the jurisprudence on umbrella clauses, the article concludes with a suggested framework of analysis for applying umbrella clauses to specific investments, setting out a number of questions which persons applying umbrella clauses should seek to address. Key words: arbitration, umbrella clauses, international treaty obligations, foreign investment, bilateral investment treaties, contractual obligations
Main countries of developed tourism
Authors:   Bakı Avrasiya Universiteti magistrant, İsmayıl oğlu Cəfərov Elvin
Published: May 2021

In recent years, tourism, which is of great importance as an area of world economic activity, serves the interests of people and society as a whole and has become a major source of income at both the micro and macroeconomic levels. This sector is one of the most important sources of income for the treasury of any state. In many countries, tourism accounts for one-fifth to one-half of GDP. Now tourism is one of the main factors creating additional jobs not only in the leading countries of the world, but also in Azerbaijan. Key words: tourism, tourism potential, tourism development directions, countries, cities
Possibilities of application of information technologies in crime investigation
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti magistrant, Fəxrəddin oğlu Şükürov Cahangir
Published: May 2021

If we look at history, the creation of the first computer technologies does not coincide with such a long period. With the creation of computer technology, there has been a great leap in the world of technology. At the same time, the creation of video cameras, satellite systems, laptops, mobile phones has played an important role in the acquisition of various types of information and knowledge in our daily lives. The use of modern information technologies in criminal proceedings, search operations, the exchange of international forensic records will organize the activities of law enforcement agencies in the fight against crime more efficiently and without wasting time. Key words: Crime investigation, information technology, forensic registration, computer technology, information and legal systems
MOST-FAVORED NATION TREATMENT CLAUSE IN INVESTMENT ARBITRATION
Authors:   Baku State University master, Bakhshali Zeynalli Nargiz
Published: May 2021

Bilateral and regional investment agreements have proliferated in the last decade and new ones are still being negotiated. Most-Favored-Nation (MFN) clauses link investment agreements by ensuring that the parties to one treaty provide treatment no less favorable than the treatment they provide under other treaties in areas covered by the clause. MFN clauses have thus become a significant instrument of economic liberalization in the investment area. Moreover, by giving the investors of all the parties benefiting from a country’s MFN clause the right, in similar circumstances, to treatment no less favorable than a country’s closest or most influential partners can negotiate on the matters the clause covers, MFN avoids economic distortions that would occur through more selective country-by-country liberalization. Such a treatment may result from the implementation of treaties, legislative or administrative acts of the country and also by mere practice. The present article provides a factual survey of jurisprudence and related literature on MFN treaty clauses in investment agreements with a view to contributing a better understanding of the MFN interfaces between such agreements. Key words: dispute resolution, foreign investment, ICSID, most-favored nation treatment, third party treaty, mandate of the arbitration tribunal, a selective import
Historical and cultural conditions for the development of tourism in Ganja and Goygol
Authors:   Azərbaycan Turizm və Menecment Universiteti magistrant, Elçin oğlu Cahangirov Mövsüm
Published: May 2021

Tourism is one of the leading non-oil sectors in the field of tourism. Applied tourism is one of the fastest growing business sectors on a global scale. International tourism accounts for a significant portion of the world's gross domestic product, as well as a significant percentage of exports. A certain part of the world's able-bodied citizens are engaged in the tourism industry and related fields. These processes taking place in the world have affected the United States. If Azerbaijan's tourism is taken from the time of independence to the present day, it can be considered the future young, but the history of tourism traditions in our republic is quite old. Our great leader Heydar Aliyev, who has rendered invaluable services in all spheres in our country, has made great contributions to the development of tourism. It covers the years 1970-1980 as the development of tourism in Azerbaijan, the expansion of the geography of tourism and excursions. Were it not for the national leader Heydar Aliyev's special attention and care for tourism, we would not have such a developed tourism sector today. Key words: Ganja, Goygol, tourism, development, tourism development, historical tourism, historical and cultural factors, climate
LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE PRINCIPLE OF THE FREEDOM OF THE HIGH SEAS
Authors:   Baku State University master, Ibrahim Hasanli Farida
Published: May 2021

The high sea is the part of the world's oceans that does not fall under the jurisdiction of any state and is open to the use of all states.As can be seen from the definition, the seabed and ocean floor are not included in the concept of open sea due to their special legal status.No state can subjugate any part of the high seas to its sovereignty.The high seas are free for both coastal states and landlocked states. The legal regime of the high seas includes the following freedoms: 1) freedom of navigation; 2) freedom of flight; 3) freedom of fishing; 4) freedom of laying submarine cables and pipelines; 5) freedom of scientific research; 6) Freedom to create artificial islands and facilities. These freedoms must be exercised taking into account the requirements of international law and the interests of other states. Key words: high seas, flag state, military ships,international acts, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, navigation, overflight, fishing, cables and pipelines
INFORMATION, INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND LEGAL PROBLEMS OF INFORMATION SECURITY
Authors:   Bakı Dövlət Universiteti magistrant, Teymur oğlu Məmmədov Emin
Published: May 2021

According to the legal literature, information and information systems are objects of information-legal relations. Information is facts, opinions, information, news or other information created or obtained as a result of any activity, regardless of the date of its creation, form of presentation and classification. An information system is a regulated set of information technologies and documents. Information security means the protection of information and the infrastructure that serves it from unacceptable, harmful or accidental or intentional threats to the participants of the information relationship. In short, the protection and defense of the interests of the subjects of information relations is understood. This article examines information, information systems, current legal issues of information security. Key words: information law, information legislation, information, information systems, information security
THE PRINCIPLE OF CONFIDENTIALITY IN MEDIATION AND “RIGHT TO PRIVACY”
Authors:   Baku State University master, Marif Jafarov Nijat
Published: May 2021

Confidentiality is an innate principle of mediation, by which it is understood that all information generated during the process is protected and its disclosure cannot cause negative or damaging effects on the parties. This principle is present in mediation mainly to give security to the parties, who, knowing that what is dealt with in the process is protected by confidentiality, approach an arrangement with greater freedom and security that everything that is discussed. Although mediation is advertised as protecting the privacy of the parties, the exploration of the underpinnings of confidentiality in the right to privacy is sorely neglected. If most parties prefer keeping everything said in mediation private, then mediation offers a rare opportunity to exercise the right to privacy. Parties may assert their right to privacy in mediation in relation to both the government, and, within limits, other citizens. This article will discuss the confidentiality principle of mediation as an application of the right to privacy. Key words: alternative dispute resolution, mediation, confidentiality, right to privacy
POL�TICAS P�BLICAS NO BRASIL 1930-2018: TENS�ES ENTRE WELFARE STATE E ESTADO M�NIMO
Authors: Schmidt Jo�o Pedro
Published: May 2021

O texto tra�a as linhas gerais da evolu��o do welfare state no Brasil, entre os anos 1930 e 2018, e seu tensionamento pelas for�as favor�veis ao estado m�nimo. Inicialmente s�o delineadas as caracter�sticas b�sicas do Estado de Bem-Estar nos pa�ses ricos, com indica��o de quatro grandes per�odos na sua evolu��o. A evolu��o do welfare state brasileiro � apresentada tamb�m em quatro per�odos, com similitudes e especificidades entre a trajet�ria nacional e a dos pa�ses ricos. Indicadores sociais s�o utilizados para aferir em que medida o quadro nacional de bem-estar se aproxima do quadro internacional. Os resultados apontam que o padr�o de welfare state brasileiro configurou-se no seu momento inaugural com base no modelo bismarckiano, passando a um modelo com caracter�sticas mais universalistas ap�s a Constitui��o de 1988, alcan�ando o patamar mais elevado no per�odo do desenvolvimentismo social dos governos de centro-esquerda, processo interrompido em 2016 com uma guinada neoliberal que levou � retra��o dos avan�os em curso. O m�todo � hist�rico cr�tico e a t�cnica de pesquisa � bibliogr�fica.
The Invisible. White Women and Haiti
Authors: Sajewska Dorota
Published: May 2021

The article accompanies a project "Invisible" by photographer Agata Grzybowska. The author runs a parallel narrative of Grzybowska's visual practice and Maya Deren's presence in Haiti, her filming and her negotiating the "look" on Haiti and its people.
Niewidoczne. Historia niemożliwego
Authors: Grzybowska Agata
Published: May 2021

Prezentacja projektu Agaty Grzybowskiej "Niewidoczne. Historia niemożliwego".
Optimization of statistical processing of clinical and laboratory data in acute poisoning
Authors: El’kov A. N. , Gol’dfarb Yu. S. , Potskhveriya M. M. , Badalyan A. V.
Published: May 2021

The article describes a specialized software application developed by the authors that summarizes the long-term experience of analyzing clinical and laboratory data in clinical toxicology using Microsoft’s Visual Basic for Applications object-oriented programming tools in Excel. The main purpose of the application is a significant (5-10 times) acceleration of the implementation of the complex of the most commonly used statistical algorithms. The application calculates descriptive sample characteristics, identifies deviations of sample distributions from the normal law by several generally accepted criteria, performs statistical comparison of data matrices by several criteria, and automatically generates a number of tables ready for placement in scientific texts for various purposes in Microsoft Word format. The presentation of the output data makes it easy to verify the results of calculations by comparing them with the output forms of the Statistica application software package. The acceleration of obtaining the final result is achieved: 1 – due to the absence of the need to move data from Excel to the package of applied statistical programs; 2 – as a result of automating the determination of task parameters by means of special color markup; 3 – by combining a limited number of the most commonly used statistical methods into one immutable complex; 4 – as a result of the software implementation of statistical comparison of all possible combinations of data matrices involved in the study for a set of indicators as a single operation that does not require user intervention; 5 – due to the application’s use of syntactic transformations of output data and automatic table formation by filling in ready-made templates with calculation results.
Formation, development and activities of the Department of Clinical Toxicology of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education
Authors: Gol′dfarb Yu. S. , Kabanova S. A. , Lezhenina N. F. , Potskhveriya M. M. , Ostapenko Yu. N. , Sleptsov V. I.
Published: May 2021

The creation of an emergency clinical toxicology service in our country led to the need to train clinical toxicologists and to create a specialized Department for this purpose, which was opened in 1985 at the Central Institute of Advanced Medical Training. The staff of the Department carried out a lot of methodological, educational and scientific work, which allowed to achieve a high level of teaching. Successful activity of the Department was promoted by: work on the clinical basis of a multidisciplinary research medical institution – N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine; admission to the Institute a large number of patients with various intoxications ensuring thematic completeness of teaching; the unity of command in the leadership of the Toxicological Department of the N.V. Sklifosovsky Research Institute for Emergency Medicine and the Department of Clinical Toxicology of the Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education in the person of E.A. Luzhnikov, who used his experience in scientific, practical and teaching activities of the Department; due to the existence of the scientific school of academician E.A. Luzhnikov – the development of new technologies for screening, treatment and rehabilitation of acute poisonings; the use of modern teaching methods, including field cycles and distance learning technologies; close interaction with scientific societies, contributing to a significant expansion of the possibilities of new teaching methods.
Acute toxicity of nanoscale form of 20-hydroxyecdysone in intragastric administration
Authors: Erimbetov K. T. , Fedorova A. V. , Goncharova A. Ya. , Obvintseva O. V.
Published: May 2021

The nanoscale 20-hydroxyecdysone was first proposed and obtained in the form of a clathrate complex with arabinogalactan with an average particle size of 35,3 nm. The study of its acute toxicity has revealed that the product belongs to class VI of relatively harmless drugs according to Hodge and to class 5th in accordance with GOST 32644-2014.
Elements of Dakwah and Local Wisdom of the Bajaus in the Anthology of Poetry Iltizam
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kok On Low , Ab. Samad Rabiatul Adawiah ,   Kolej Poly-Tech Mara Semporna
Published: May 2021

Iltizam is an anthology of poetry produced by Zubir Osman in 2015, in his effort to deliver poems with the element of dakwah or propagation of Islam and to showcase local wisdom, in particular that of the Bajau ethnic group in Sabah. This article focuses on 59 selected poems in the anthology that contain the elements of dakwah and local wisdom. The discussion in this article focuses on the dakwah element which is portrayed in and linked to the culture, way of life and nature of the Bajau people. The dakwah approach is the principle contained in the Malay methodology theory which has been used to explore the dakwah aspect while the utilitarian approach is used to examine local wisdom characteristics which reflect the heritage and identity of the Bajaus in Sabah. This analysis of Iltizam selected poems finds that the poems with the Islamic element not only involve the writer’s imaginative capability and creativity but they also become effective vehicles for dissemination to the public. It can be concluded that Iltizam presents the dakwah element and local wisdom of the Bajau people through the poetic verses as a manifestation of the world view and beliefs of its society. Keywords: Bajau ethnic group, Iltizam , poetry, local wisdom, dakwah approach, utilitarian approach, Malay methodology theory Abstrak Iltizam ialah sebuah antologi puisi karya Zubir Osman yang dihasilkan pada tahun 2015 dalam usahanya untuk menyampaikan puisi-puisi berunsurkan dakwah dan pemaparan kearifan tempatan, khususnya dalam kalangan suku kaum Bajau di Sabah. Makalah ini memberikan tumpuan terhadap 59 buah puisi pilihan dalam antologi puisi Iltizam (2015), yang mengandungi unsur dakwah dan kearifan tempatan. Perbincangan makalah ini secara langsung memberikan tumpuan terhadap unsur dakwah yang dipaparkan dan dikaitkan dengan budaya, cara hidup dan keperibadian suku kaum Bajau. Pendekatan Dakwah merupakan prinsip yang terkandung dalam teori pengkaedahan Melayu dipilih untuk menelusuri aspek dakwah manakala pendekatan gunaan diguna pakai untuk meneliti unsur-unsur kearifan tempatan yang memperlihatkan warisan dan identiti masyarakat Bajau di Sabah. Analisis terhadap puisi pilihan Iltizam (2015) mendapati bahawa puisi berunsurkan Islam bukan hanya melibatkan daya imaginasi dan kreativiti pengarang, malah merupakan wadah penyampai yang berkesan kepada masyarakat. Kesimpulannya, Iltizam (2015) mengetengahkan unsur dakwah dan kearifan tempatan orang Bajau melalui bait-bait puisi sebagai manifestasi pandangan hidup dan kepercayaan masyarakat Bajau sendiri. Kata kunci: Suku kaum Bajau, Iltizam , puisi, kearifan tempatan, pendekatan gunaan, pendekatan dakwah, teori pengkaedahan Melayu
Leadership of Malacca Sultanate Rulers In Establishing Diplomatic Relations
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia, Noor Muhammad Salmah Jan
Published: May 2021

Leadership is the ability of a government in shaping the people’s mind to achieve goals that have been planned together in order to strengthen its administration especially in establishing diplomatic relations with other countries. Without the mobilization of intellectual and physical cooperation from these two groups, it is impossible for a government to succeed in its diplomatic missions. Therefore, this article will discuss the leadership of the Malay sultanate in establishing diplomatic relations through data analysis of the events described in historiographic manuscripts such as Sulalat al- Salatin , Al-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah , Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa and Tuhfat al-Nafis . In addition, this article also describes the effectiveness of this leadership in response to the diplomatic relations that had been initiated by and accepted from other governments. The result of the study will show that a variety of methods or approaches were used by the rulers of the Malay sultanate in advancing the government’s reputation from the economic, social and physical aspects. Keywords: leadership, leaders/rulers, Malay sultanate, diplomatic, historiography Abstrak Kepemimpinan merupakan upaya pemerintah dalam usaha membentuk jiwa dan minda rakyat untuk bersama-sama merealisasikan matlamat yang telah direncanakan bagi memantapkan tadbir urus kerajaan, khususnya, dalam usaha menjalinkan hubungan diplomatik dengan kerajaan lain. Tanpa penggemblengan daya fikir dan fizikal daripada dua golongan ini, adalah mustahil untuk sesebuah kerajaan itu berjaya dalam misi diplomatiknya. Oleh itu, makalah ini akan membincangkan kepemimpinan pemerintah kesultanan Melayu dalam hubungan diplomatik dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis data terhadap peristiwa yang terdapat dalam naskhah historiografi seperti Sulalat al- Salatin , Al-Tarikh Salasilah Negeri Kedah , Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa dan Tuhfat al-Nafis . Selain itu, tulisan ini juga menghuraikan keberkesanan kepemimpinan tersebut terhadap hubungan diplomatik yang ditawarkan dan diterima daripada kerajaan luar. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa terdapat pelbagai kaedah kepemimpinan yang digunakan oleh pemerintah kesultanan Melayu untuk melonjakkan nama kerajaan yang diperintah dari aspek ekonomi, sosial dan fizikal. Kata kunci: kepemimpinan, pemerintah, kesultanan Melayu, diplomatik, historiografi
Mau'izah for Teens in The Novel Satu Bulan Tiga Bintang by Ummu Hani Abu Hassan
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kamarudin Kamariah
Published: May 2021

Several efforts have been taken to shape the personality of teens or young adults from an Islamic perspective. One such effort is included in the concept of mau’izah which stresses on the importance of advising and reminding one to work towards virtue, truth and patience. Essentially, the concept of mau’izah as portrayed in Islam is the core of education, particularly in encouraging young adults to embrace good values. It has been found that mau’izah is not only useful for uplifting the spirit of these young people, but it also provides good reading material for society in general. As such, literary works, especially teen novels comprise reading materials that have the ability to shape the behaviour and personality of youths. Given this, it is the aim of this study to explore mau’izah for teens in the novel Satu Bulan Tiga Bintang by Ummu Hani Abu Hassan in order to determine the extent to which the efforts of advising and reminding youths to pursue virtue are presented by the writer to the readers. Specifically, this study aims to show how the author has utilized the concept of mau’izah in developing an attractive personality among youths guided by Islamic principles in this modern era of science and technology. Needless to say, mau’izah is a pertinent concept as it is the main prerequisite for the development of humanity and the nurturing of a human being. Keywords: mau’izah , teen, Satu Bulan Tiga Bintang , Ummu Hani Abu Hassan Abstrak Berdasarkan perspektif Islam, terdapat beberapa usaha yang dijalankan untuk membentuk keperibadian anak muda. Satu daripadanya konsep mau’izah, iaitu usaha nasihat dan menasihati, pesan dan memesan ke arah kebaikan, kebenaran dan kesabaran. Konsep mau’izah yang digambarkan dalam Islam ini merupakan tunjang dalam pendidikan khususnya bagi membentuk sahsiah diri golongan remaja kepada nilai-nilai murni. Didapati bahawa mau’izah berguna bukan sahaja dalam pembinaan jiwa anak muda, bahkan dalam proses menghidangkan bahan bacaan yang bermanfaat dalam masyarakat. Sejajar dengan itu, karya sastera khasnya novel remaja merupakan bahan bacaan yang berupaya membentuk perilaku dan sahsiah anak muda. Oleh itu, kajian ini merungkai mau’izah remaja dalam novel Satu Bulan Tiga Bintang karya Ummu Hani Abu Hassan bagi memperlihatkan sejauh mana usaha menasihati dan berpesan kepada kebaikan dan kebenaran ditampilkan pengarang kepada pembaca. Kajian ini jelas memperlihatkan bahawa konsep mau’izah dikemukakan pengarang dengan tujuan membangunkan keperibadian remaja yang unggul mengikut garis panduan Islam dalam arus kemodenan dan teknologi hari ini. Usaha menasihati dan berpesan kepada kebaikan, kebenaran dan kesabaran telah menjadikan konsep mau’izah sebagai syarat utama dalam pembangunan manusiawi dan pembugaran insani. Kata kunci: mau’izah, remaja, Satu Bulan Tiga Bintang , Ummu Hani Abu Hassan
A Comparison of the Concept of Romantic Love in the Novels Ayat-ayat Cinta 2 and Salju Sakinah
Authors:   Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Seoul, Korea, Abu Hassan Ummu Hani , Koh Young Hun
Published: May 2021

This study uses textual analysis to explore the concept of romantic love by comparing the Indonesian Islamic novel, Ayat-ayat Cinta 2 , by Habiburrahman El-Shirazy with the Malaysian Islamic novel, Salju Sakinah , by Zaid Akhtar. This investigation utilises the Theory of Persuratan Baru by focusing on the concept of the nature and function of literature. This study discovers that the creation of novels infused with Islamic elements and romantic love in Indonesia and Malaysia is influenced by two main factors, which are the awareness of the writer to disseminate Islamic messages and the profit motive of the publisher. These two factors cause novels, imbued with Islamic elements and romantic love, to become a branded or marketable commodity in both countries. The findings reveal that Ayat-ayat Cinta 2 utilises the concept of romantic love with emphasis on sexual intimacy while Salju Sakinah places emphasis on the language of understanding over physical intimacy. Keywords: Islamic novels, Ayat-ayat Cinta 2 , Salju Sakinah , romantic love, sexuality. Abstrak Kajian ini meneroka konsep cinta romantisme dengan kaedah analisis teks dan perbandingan antara novel Islam Indonesia dengan novel Islam Malaysia. Kajian memilih novel Ayat-ayat Cinta 2 oleh Habiburrahman El-Shirazy dan novel Salju Sakinah oleh Zaid Akhtar. Penelitian ini menggunakan Teori Persuratan Baru dengan memberi penekanan terhadap Konsep Hakikat dan Fungsi Sastera. Kajian mendapati kelahiran novel berunsurkan Islam dan cinta romantisme di Indonesia dan Malaysia didorongi dua faktor utama, iaitu kesedaran penulis menyampaikan mesej Islam dan kehendak penerbit yang mahukan keuntungan. Dua faktor ini menyebabkan novel berunsurkan Islam dan cinta romantisme menjadi jenama atau produk pasaran di kedua negara. Hasil analisis menunjukkan novel Ayat-ayat Cinta 2 menggunakan konsep cinta romantisme yang berorientasikan seksual, manakala novel Salju Sakinah mementingkan bahasa nurani berbanding sentuhan fizikal. Kata Kunci: novel Islam, Ayat-ayat Cinta 2, Salju Sakinah, cinta romantisme, seksualiti
Pola, Sistem dan Estetika Fitrah dalam Puisi daripada Kumpulan Puisi Yang Menyala Karya Norjannah Ma: Satu Kritikan Fitrah
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Abdul Aziz Sohaimi
Published: May 2021

Salah satu aspek penting dalam ajaran Islam ialah fitrah. Muslimin diwajibkan mempercayai fitrah sebagai sesuatu yang wujud semenjak azali lagi. Manusia diyakini berpotensi Islam, iaitu mereka diciptakan untuk mengabdikan dirinya kepada Allah. Mereka yang tidak dilahirkan sebagai Muslim seperti Norjannah MA, yang kemudiannya kembali kepada fitrahnya apabila memeluk agama Islam. Penulis yang berstatus mualaf ini melalui proses mengenal dan mendalami agama baharunya. Tujuan kajian dalam makalah ini adalah untuk membincangkan persoalan fitrah yang dilalui oleh Norjannah MA, dan bagaimana persoalan itu disampaikan dalam karyanya yang bertajuk Kumpulan Puisi Yang Menyala (2017). Kajian ini menggunakan teori kritikan fitrah yang berasaskan tiga prinsip, iaitu pola, sistem dan estetika fitrah. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan pola fitrah yang berteraskan akidah menjadi topik penting dalam karya ini. Cinta kepada Allah menjadi pola fitrah yang dominan. Mencari cinta Allah itu tidak mudah dan sistem fitrah menunjukkan bahawa nafsu amarah sering menjadi halangan yang kuat kepada Norjannah. Dari segi estetika fitrah, pola fitrah dan sistem fitrah yang bincangkan tidak memperlihatkan penyampaian yang puitis. Istilah Arab banyak digunakan sehingga kehadirannya mengganggu ekspresi penulis dan penghayatan pembaca. Kata kunci: Fitrah, kritikan fitrah, Norjannah MA, Kumpulan Puisi Yang Menyala Abstract One of the most important aspects of Islamic teachings is nature (fitrah). Muslims are obliged to believe in nature as something that has existed since its creation. Man is believed to have the potential of becoming Muslim, so he is obligated to devote himself to Allah, the Creator. Some people are not born Muslim but later enter into Islam, such as Norjannah MA, who was born a non-muslim but later became a muallaf, a Muslim revert. As a Muslim revert, she most likely goes through the process of understanding her new religion. The purpose of this paper is to examine the return to the fitrah—the original or natural state—as experienced by Norjannah MA herself, and how it is addressed in her work titled Kumpulan Puisi Yang Menyala ( 2017 ) . This study uses the theory of fitrah criticism, which is based on three principles namely the pattern, system and aesthetics of fitrah, or the natural state. The results of this study show that the love and belief of God (akidah) which burns in her heart becomes a dominant pattern of nature. Seeking God’s love is not easy and the natural state (fitrah) shows that anger is often a strong impediment to Norjannah. In comparison to the natural aesthetic, the natural pattern and system discussed are not expressed poetically. Arabic terms are widely used, and their presence interferes with the author’s expression, as well as the reader’s appreciation of the text. Keywords : fitrah, fitrah critism , Norjannah M.A., Kumpulan puisi yang menyala
A Narrative on the Origins of Mantra in the Bajau Community of Pitas, Sabah
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Bandar Jasman , Abdul Samad Lokman
Published: May 2021

This qualitative study was intended to document and perceive the existing narratives on the origins of mantra among the Bajau community living in the villages of Kampung Mapan-Mapan Darat and Kampung Mapan-Mapan Laut in Pitas, Sabah. This study uses participant observation as a systematic method of collecting data on mantra through three informants, who are also experienced mantra practitioners, residing in the two said villages. The data collected was analyzed using Malinowski’s functional theory, which emphasizes on analyzing the origins of occurrences and cultural phenomena in an ethnic group. This study focused more on the Bajau community’s need for safety and food. The urgent documentation of the narrative of mantra is imperative before the practice disappears from the cultural expressions of the Bajau community. Keywords: narrative, origins, mantra, Bajau community Abstrak Kajian ini dijalankan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang melibatkan proses temu bual serta pemerhatian sebagai cara untuk mendapatkan data kajian secara sistematik yang melibatkan tiga orang informan, di Kampung Mapan-Mapan Darat dan Kampung Mapan-Mapan Laut, Pitas. Dalam usaha untuk menganalisis data, penyelidik menggunakan kerangka teori fungsional Malinowsky yang menjurus kepada penganalisisan asal usul sesuatu kejadian dan fenomena budaya dalam sesuatu kelompok etnik. Penelitian ini lebih memfokuskan keperluan manusia dari sudut keselamatan dan keperluan terhadap makanan. Pada dasarnya, kajian ini dilakukan dalam usaha untuk meneliti naratif yang wujud untuk mengungkapkan asal usul mantera dalam kalangan masyarakat Bajau Pitas. Usaha pendokumentasian kajian naratif dalam mantera perlu dilakukan dengan segera sebelum warisan ini hilang daripada kamus budaya masyarakat Bajau Pitas. Kata kunci: naratif, asal usul, mantera, masyarakat Bajau
Mesej Kerukunan Rumah Tangga dalam Seni Kata Lagu Dikir al-Burdah di Sarawak
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Ismail Noryamisma
Published: May 2021

Kajian ini bertitik tolak daripada amalan masyarakat Melayu di Sarawak yang menjadikan dikir al-Burdah antara acara yang dipersembahkan dalam majlis perkahwinan. Kajian ini meneliti secara khusus seni kata lagu dikir al-Burdah yang berkaitan dengan perkahwinan. Objektif kajian ini, mengenal pasti mesej yang terkandung dalam seni kata lagu dikir al-Burdah berkaitan perkahwinan, dan seterusnya menilai kesejajaran mesej tersebut dengan ajaran Islam. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis teks, dengan menjadikan lima seni kata lagu dikir al-Burdah yang diperoleh daripada Pertubuhan An-Nur, Kampung Melango Baru, Daerah Saratok, Sarawak, sebagai teks. Analisis mendapati bahawa kesemua seni kata lagu dikir al-Burdah yang dikaji mengutarakan mesej tentang kerukunan rumah tangga, yang didapati sejajar dengan ajaran Islam seperti yang terkandung dalam al-Quran dan Hadis. Kata kunci: dikir al-Burdah; Pertubuhan An-Nur, Kampung Melango Baru; majlis perkahwinan; mesej; Islam Abstract This study is based on the practice of the Malay community in Sarawak which makes the performance of dikir al-Burdah as part of the event in the wedding ceremony. In practice, dikir al-Burdah is usually presented in the morning as a starting for a bersanding ceremony, with the intention of applying for the ceremony. Based on its role in the Malay wedding ceremony in Sarawak, this study examined specifically the art of the song dikir al-Burdah related to marriage. This study outlines two objectives, namely identify the messages contained in the art of the word dikir al-Burdah related to marriage, and then evaluate the alignment of the message with the teachings of Islam. This study adopts a text analysis approach, by making five songs of the word dikir al-Burdah derived from the An-Nur Organization, Kampung Melango Baru, Saratok District, Sarawak, as texts. The analysis found that all the songs of the word dikir al-Burdah which were examined addressed the message of household harmony, which were found to be in line with the teachings of Islam as contained in the al-Qur’an and Hadith. Keywords: dikir al-Burdah; An-Nur Organization, Kampung Melango Baru, wedding ceremony, message, Islam
A Takmilah Reading of Spiritual Imagery in the Poems of Abizai Abi
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Abu Bakar Sakinah
Published: May 2021

This article focuses on a number of poems by Zainal Abidin Bin Haji Suhaili, better known as Abizai Abi, in his anthology of poems entitled Sinar Benar [ True Ray of Light ]. Abizai has been prolific in producing beautiful and meaningful poems of high quality. However, not many in-depth studies of his works have been conducted. This study attempts to examine several poems selected from Sinar Benar by employing the Takmilah Theory. Being an important writer in Malaysia, especially in the state of Sarawak, Abizai stands out through his application of spiritual imagery, in line with his framework of thought consistently anchored in the “relationship between human beings and Allah”. This framework of thought encompasses issues of piety and obedience to Allah (SWT), which is entirely in line with the Takmilah Theory. This study finds that the beauty of Abizai Abi’s poetry lies in its refined, meaningful and effective language. The poems studied also reveal that a good relationship between human beings and nature is the basis of a good relationship with the Great Creator. Abizai Abi’s thinking is conveyed through the diction of his symbolism, which foregrounds “piety” and “utter humility”. He attempts to demystify nature and examine it spiritually, and relate it to the Greatness and Might of Allah (SWT) as the One who owns all. Keywords: Abizai Abi, poems, Sinar Benar , Takmilah Theory Abstrak Makalah ini memfokuskan penelitian terhadap sejumlah puisi Abizai Abi dalam kumpulan puisi perseorangan yang berjudul Sinar Benar . Abizai merupakan seorang penyair yang sangat produktif dalam menghasilkan puisi yang baik, indah dan bermakna. Namun begitu, tidak banyak kajian yang mendalam dilakukan terhadapnya. Kajian ini cuba menelusuri sejumlah puisi terpilih dari antologi puisinya berjudul Sinar Benar dari perspektif Teori Takmilah. Sesuai dengan kedudukannya sebagai penyair yang penting khususnya di Sarawak dan secara amnya di Malaysia, Abizai tampil dengan citra kerohanian daripada kerangka pemikirannya yang berlandaskan “hubungan manusia dengan Allah” secara konsisten. Kerangka pemikiran tersebut melampaui isu ketakwaan dan ketaatan manusia kepada Allah Azzawajjalla. Hal ini amat bertepatan dengan kecenderungan Teori Takmilah. Penelitian ini mendapati keindahan puisi Abizai Abi terpamer dari sudut bahasa yang diungkapkan dengan begitu halus, bermakna dan berkesan. Puisi tersebut juga menggambarkan hubungan baik sesama insan dan dengan alam sebagai landasan menjalin hubungan dengan Yang Maha Pencipta. Pemikiran Abizai Abi dititipkan melalui diksi perlambangan yang menyerlahkan makna “ketaatan” dan “kekerdilan diri”. Beliau cuba menyingkap kejadian alam dan menelusurinya dengan mata hati untuk menghubungkannya dengan kebesaran dan kekuasaan Allah SWT sebagai pemilik segala- galanya. Kata kunci: Abizai Abi, puisi, Sinar Benar, teori takmilah
The Power of the Concubine in Selected Traditional Malay Historiographical Literary Works
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Wan Razali Wan Roshazli , Abdul Rahman Mohamad Luthfi
Published: May 2021

This study discusses the role of the concubine in selected traditional Malay literature, specifically Sulalatus Salatin , Hikayat Raja- raja Pasai and Hikayat Patani , as these three works highlight several episodes that involve concubines, compared to other historiographical literary works. The objective of this study is to focus on concubine characters, which are seldom given attention or considered insignificant even though they have left a definite impact in specific situations. The concubine character will be discussed in terms of her power and role in the palace of the olden days. The study will also apply the theory of power as propounded by Lukes (1977) in analysing the role and concept of the concubine as put forth by Ismail Azman (2009). The significance of this study is the focus on the concubine character, which has been overlooked in favour of other main characters such as the king, the queen and the high official, among others. The concubine character in fact has her own standing, to the extent of impacting a particular government or state. Keywords: Concubine, role and power, traditional Malay literature Abstrak Kajian ini membincangkan watak gundik dalam karya kesusasteraan Melayu tradisional terpilih dengan merujuk beberapa buah teks historiografi, iaitu Sulalatus Salatin , Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai dan Hikayat Patani , ketiga-tiga teks ini dipilih kerana lebih menonjolkan beberapa peristiwa yang melibatkan gundik berbanding teks-teks historiografi yang lain. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengetengahkan watak yang jarang diberikan perhatian dan dianggap kecil tetapi mampu memberikan impak tertentu dalam keadaan tertentu. Watak gundik ini akan dibincangkan melalui aspek kekuasaan dan peranannya dalam istana silam. Kajian ini juga akan menggunakan teori kuasa yang dikemukakan oleh Lukes (1977) yang akan dianalisis dengan melihat peranan gundik serta konsep gundik yang dikemukakan oleh Ismail Azman (2009). Kesignifikanan kajian ini mempamerkan satu aspek, iaitu watak yang kadangkala kelihatan tidak penting daripada watak utama yang lain seperti raja, permaisuri, pembesar dan sebagainya. Watak gundik ini mempunyai kedudukan tersendiri dan juga mampu memainkan peranan penting sehingga memberikan kesan kepada sesuatu pemerintahan. Kata kunci: Gundik, peranan dan kekuasaan, sastera Melayu tradisional
Aspek dakwah dalam Novel Suriati Berdasarkan Pendekatan Dakwah Teori Pengkaedahan Melayu
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Ishak Nadia , Kamarudin Kamariah
Published: May 2021

Penulisan novel berbentuk keagamaan merupakan salah satu medium dakwah yang berkesan yang digunakan penulis untuk menyebarkan ajaran Islam dan meningkatkan ketakwaan terhadap Allah SWT. Kajian ini akan menyingkap aspek dakwah dalam novel yang memaparkan pergolakan dan konflik kekeluargaan yang mengangkat tema keagamaan sebagai latar karya. Tumpuan difokuskan terhadap kekuatan dan keberkesanan dakwah yang mencorakkan kehidupan manusia ke arah kebaikan dan meninggalkan kebatilan dalam novel Suriati karya Azizi Haji Abdullah. Pendekatan Dakwah yang terkandung dalam teori Pengkaedahan Melayu dimanfaatkan sebagai kerangka analisis. Hasil kajian memperlihatkan bahawa dakwah berupaya menimbulkan daya tarikan terhadap agama Islam dan menjadi alat untuk pengembangan agama Islam. Kata kunci: dakwah, agama, teori, ketakwaan, masyarakat Abstract The writing of religious novels is one of the most effective mediums of proselytization that can be used by writers to spread the teachings of Islam and increase people’s faith in Allah SWT. This study uncovers the aspects of proselytization in novels that employ religious themes as backgrounds for works dealing with family conflict. The focus is on Azizi Haji Abdullah’ novel, Suriati, which shows the strength and effectiveness of proselytization in leading people towards a life of goodness and avoidance of falsehood. The proselytization approach of the Malay Methodology (Pengkaedahan Melayu) was employed as a framework for analysis. The findings of this study reveal that proselytizing elements are able to create an interest in Islam and may be used as a means to spread the word of Islam. Keywords: proselytization, religion, theory, faith, society
La Metátesis en la Producción de Textos Escritos en Quechua
Authors: Calsín Vilca David Peter
Published: May 2021

La normalización idiomática y lingüística es una constante preocupación para los intelectuales que están abocados a la enseñanza de las lenguas andinas, el quechua no se exime de esta necesidad, pues siendo una lengua aún ágrafa y fragmentada en varios dialectos, requiere de estudios que contribuyan a su estandarización. Por tal razón, centramos nuestro interés en determinar el contexto morfológico de realización de la metátesis de alternancia de raíces en la producción de textos escritos en quechua por estudiantes de la UNSCH, 2013.