bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Public Issues and Public Spaces – a Design Course Focusing on the Danube Bank in Budapest
Authors: Dúll Andrea , Pálfy Sándor
Published: January 2015

This article discusses three theses that explore the public realm in the modern city. Firstly, constructing buildings and places is always a public issue because the level of change within the sociophysical environment always exceeds the simple physical act of building. Public space is a controversial concept in architecture, environmental psychology and also in geography. Although its area in reality is determined by its use and size, our thought system defines public space as a social space rather than a three-dimensional physical space. Second, according to studies, spaces created through a cooperation of architecture and environmental psychology are more gratifying from both a human and an environmental perspective. Lastly, from the shared viewpoint of environmental psychology and architecture, the water and waterside are outstanding environment-shaping factors and focal points for public issues.
Experimental Performance Study of a High Speed Oil Lubricated Polymer Thrust Bearing
Authors: Zhou Jie , Blair Barry , Argires John , Pitsch Donald
Published: January 2015

With the demand for turbomachinery to operate at higher speeds, loads, and power, fluid film bearings that support turbomachinery must be capable of operating in these more demanding applications. Thrust bearings operating at high speeds and loads can experience high surface temperatures and thin fluid film thickness. Typically, babbitt (white metal) is the bearing lining material for most turbomachinery bearings but is limited in operating temperature and allowable film thickness. Polymer based materials are alternative materials that can operate at high temperatures and with thin films and have been in use for many decades in high load applications, such as electric submersible pumps (ESP). Test results of polymer lined thrust bearings subjected to modern turbomachinery speeds and loads are presented and compared to babbitt lined bearings of the same design and under similar conditions. The test results show polymer lined thrust bearings can operate at higher bearing unit loads than babbitt.
Experimental Investigations on the Influence of Adhesive Oxides on the Metal-Ceramic Bond
Authors: Enghardt Susanne , Richter Gert , Richter Edgar , Reitemeier Bernd , Walter Michael
Published: January 2015

The objective of this study was to test the influence of selected base metals, which act as oxide formers, on the metal-ceramic bond of dental veneer systems. Using ion implantation techniques, ions of Al, In and Cu were introduced into near-surface layers of a noble metal alloy containing no base metals. A noble metal alloy with base metals added for oxide formation was used as a reference. Both alloys were coated with a low-temperature fusing dental ceramic. Specimens without ion implantation or with Al2O3 air abrasion were used as controls. The test procedures comprised the Schwickerath shear bond strength test (ISO 9693-1), profile height (surface roughness) measurements (ISO 4287; ISO 4288; ISO 25178), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging, auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Ion implantation resulted in no increase in bond strength. The highest shear bond strengths were achieved after oxidation in air and air abrasion with Al2O3 (41.5 MPa and 47.8 MPa respectively). There was a positive correlation between shear bond strength and profile height. After air abrasion, a pronounced structuring of the surface occurred compared to ion implantation. The established concentration shifts in alloy and ceramic could be reproduced. However, their positive effects on shear bond strength were not confirmed. The mechanical bond appears to be of greater importance for metal-ceramic bonding.
Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Hardness of Grade 91 Steel
Authors: Shrestha Triratna , Alsagabi Sultan , Charit Indrajit , Potirniche Gabriel , Glazoff Michael
Published: January 2015

Grade 91 steel (modified 9Cr-1Mo steel) is considered a prospective material for the Next Generation Nuclear Power Plant for application in reactor pressure vessels at temperatures of up to 650 °C. In this study, heat treatment of Grade 91 steel was performed by normalizing and tempering the steel at various temperatures for different periods of time. Optical microscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy in conjunction with microhardness profiles and calorimetric plots were used to understand the microstructural evolution including precipitate structures and were correlated with mechanical behavior of the steel. Thermo-Calc™ calculations were used to support the experimental work. Furthermore, carbon isopleth and temperature dependencies of the volume fraction of different precipitates were constructed.
Unraveling the Specific Ischemic Core and Penumbra Transcriptome in the Permanent Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Mouse Model Brain Treated with the Neuropeptide PACAP38
Authors: Hori Motohide , Nakamachi Tomoya , Shibato Junko , Rakwal Randeep , Shioda Seiji , Numazawa Satoshi
Published: January 2015

Our group has been systematically investigating the effects of the neuropeptide pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) on the ischemic brain. To do so, we have established and utilized the permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (PMCAO) mouse model, in which PACAP38 (1 pmol) injection is given intracerebroventrically and compared to a control saline (0.9% sodium chloride, NaCl) injection, to unravel genome‑wide gene expression changes using a high-throughput DNA microarray analysis approach. In our previous studies, we have accumulated a large volume of data (gene inventory) from the whole brain (ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres) after both PMCAO and post-PACAP38 injection. In our latest research, we have targeted specifically infarct or ischemic core (hereafter abbreviated IC) and penumbra (hereafter abbreviated P) post-PACAP38 injections in order to re-examine the transcriptome at 6 and 24 h post injection. The current study aims to delineate the specificity of expression and localization of differentially expressed molecular factors influenced by PACAP38 in the IC and P regions. Utilizing the mouse 4 × 44 K whole genome DNA chip we show numerous changes (≧/≦ 1.5/0.75-fold) at both 6 h (654 and 456, and 522 and 449 up- and down-regulated genes for IC and P, respectively) and 24 h (2568 and 2684, and 1947 and 1592 up- and down-regulated genes for IC and P, respectively) after PACAP38 treatment. Among the gene inventories obtained here, two genes, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) and transthyretin (Ttr) were found to be induced by PACAP38 treatment, which we had not been able to identify previously using the whole hemisphere transcriptome analysis. Using bioinformatics analysis by pathway- or specific-disease-state focused gene classifications and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) the differentially expressed genes are functionally classified and discussed. Among these, we specifically discuss some novel and previously identified genes, such as alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein (Ahsp), cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (Camp), chemokines, interferon beta 1 (Ifnb1), and interleukin 6 (Il6) in context of PACAP38-mediated neuroprotection in the ischemic brain. Taken together, the DNA microarray analysis provides not only a great resource for further study, but also reinforces the importance of region-specific analyses in genome-wide identification of target molecular factors that might play a role in the neuroprotective function of PACAP38.
Cell Wall Loosening in the Fungus, Phycomyces blakesleeanus
Authors: Ortega Joseph , Truong Jason , Munoz Cindy , Ramirez David
Published: January 2015

A considerable amount of research has been conducted to determine how cell walls are loosened to produce irreversible wall deformation and expansive growth in plant and algal cells. The same cannot be said about fungal cells. Almost nothing is known about how fungal cells loosen their walls to produce irreversible wall deformation and expansive growth. In this study, anoxia is used to chemically isolate the wall from the protoplasm of the sporangiophores of Phycomyces blakesleeanus. The experimental results provide direct evidence of the existence of chemistry within the fungal wall that is responsible for wall loosening, irreversible wall deformation and elongation growth. In addition, constant-tension extension experiments are conducted on frozen-thawed sporangiophore walls to obtain insight into the wall chemistry and wall loosening mechanism. It is found that a decrease in pH to 4.6 produces creep extension in the frozen-thawed sporangiophore wall that is similar, but not identical, to that found in frozen-thawed higher plant cell walls. Experimental results from frozen-thawed and boiled sporangiophore walls suggest that protein activity may be involved in the creep extension.
Luttes au sein de l'industrie du transport de l'électricité en courant continu en France (1881-1890)
Authors: Baro Aurélie
Published: January 2015

Dans cet article, nous nous servons du parcours de deux ingénieurs électriciens français de la fin du XIX e siècle, tous deux partisans du courant continu, pour tenter de saisir la dynamique en jeu entre deux mondes, celui de la recherche scientifique et celui des capitaux, mondes sans lesquels l'industrie électrique n'existerait pas.
Et la lumière ne fut plus : les effets de la guerre sur la publicité lumineuse
Authors: Le Gallic Stéphanie
Published: January 2015

L’essor de la publicité lumineuse à partir de la fin du XIX e siècle avait fait émerger un nouveau métier, entre publicité et électricité. La Seconde Guerre mondiale remit en cause ce qui était devenu une industrie : l’obscurité imposée et les pénuries d’énergie s’ajoutèrent aux bombardements et à l’occupation allemande. Cet article s’intéressera aux stratégies adoptées par les entreprises de publicité à New York, Londres et Paris, qui subirent toutes trois la guerre mais selon des modalités assez différentes.
Les usines expérimentales de carburants de remplacement, carburants nationaux, en France, de 1934 au début des années 1950
Authors: Passaqui Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2015

Au cours des années 1930, certaines entreprises mettent au point des procédés pour produire de l’essence à partir de combustibles fossiles solides. Mais les prix de revient restent élevés, limitant les réalisations à quelques usines prototypes. La défaite de 1940 provoque un regain d’intérêt en faveur de ces sites expérimentaux. Ils sont copiés, multipliés, afin de retrouver la mobilité perdue.
Soigner et guérir au pays des mille collines : de l'activité sanitaire à la quête d'autonomie
Authors: Cornet Anne
Published: January 2015

Bien que la congrégation missionnaire des Sœurs Blanches fût la seconde en importance au Rwanda belge, elle demeure largement absente de la production scientifique. Les religieuses se montraient-elles vraiment effacées sur le terrain ? Cet article fait le point sur leur activité médicale en interaction avec l’État et les Pères Blancs. Il relève les contradictions et ambiguïtés de leur attitude face à l’emprise coloniale et à la dépendance vis-à-vis de la hiérarchie catholique. Le champ sanitaire s’y révèle propice à une montée en puissance dans l’espace public et à une quête d’autonomie des religieuses.
Entre mères, filles et sœurs
Authors: Langewiesche Katrin
Published: January 2015

L’article retrace la relation entre les Sœurs Missionnaires de Notre-Dame d’Afrique et les religieuses africaines qu’elles ont formées en Haute Volta depuis la période coloniale jusqu’à l’époque postcoloniale. Cette relation utilise l’idéologie de la parenté pour créer, renforcer ou atténuer des solidarités sociales, définir des droits et des devoirs réciproques. La parenté fictive peut être interprétée, telle est l’hypothèse de l’article, comme un tremplin pour penser et pratiquer des formes de solidarité entre instituts autonomes qui s’engagent autant pour la charité que pour le développement. Il s’agit de montrer ainsi les continuités et les ruptures entre le xx e et le xxi e siècle, et de décrire les racines des réseaux contemporains des religieuses catholiques.
Conflits et régulations sociales dans les PME françaises
Authors: Borisova Ksenia , Rey Frédéric
Published: January 2015

En France, les formes de conflits du travail varient avec la taille des entreprises. Dans les petites structures, les grèves sont moins fréquentes que dans les grandes unités de production. Plusieurs raisons expliquent ce faible recours aux conflits ouverts, à commencer par l’absence d’institutions représentatives du personnel. Cela ne signifie pas pour autant que les conflits sont inexistants. Ils sont simplement moins visibles (sanctions personnelles, départs volontaires, etc.), en raison notamment des relations de type domestique qui perdurent dans les petites entreprises. L’invention de nouveaux dispositifs de régulation pour ces entreprises demeure donc un défi majeur pour les organisations syndicales.
Les déterminants des pratiques professionnelles dans le champ des interventions socio-éducatives : au-delà des représentations sociales
Authors: Boutanquoi Michel
Published: January 2015

L’article vise à proposer un cadre conceptuel pour rendre compte de la complexité des déterminants des pratiques professionnelles dans le champ socio-éducatif. Il tend à montrer que les représentations ne sont pas explicatives à elles seules des pratiques, qu’il est nécessaire de prendre en compte les enjeux relationnels, les dimensions institutionnelles, organisationnelles, collectives, groupales, imaginaires pour les analyser, les comprendre. L’article s’appuie en partie sur les données d’une recherche portant sur les pratiques d’évaluation en protection de l’enfance.
La réforme scolaire entre France et États-Unis (1945-1952)
Authors: Ottavi Dominique
Published: January 2015

Des travaux récents ont mis en évidence (Savoye, 2010 a et 2010 b) l’intérêt des Classes nouvelles mises en place en France par Gustave Monod après la deuxième Guerre Mondiale. Ces classes accompagnent la rédaction du Plan Langevin-Wallon pour la réforme de l’enseignement. Ce moment d’expérimentation tourne court, tout en laissant des traces dans le système éducatif. L’étude de la revue l’Éducation Nationale de 1945 à 1952 montre l’influence du modèle américain et notamment du Plan Dalton sur ces classes. Nous voudrions mettre en évidence des « moments » de cet emprunt aux idées américaines, et comment un consensus apparent autour des méthodes dites nouvelles au service d’une éducation démocratique dissimule des tensions relatives au rôle des élites, à la finalité des études.
La part du diable
Authors: Debray Régis
Published: January 2015

Est-il révolu, l’âge où un auteur pouvait se confondre avec l’image qu’une nation se fait d’elle-même ?
Molière
Authors: Maurel-Indart Hélène
Published: January 2015

Les grandes œuvres exposent leurs auteurs aux basses œuvres de la décapitation. Et si l’on démontait les démonteurs de statues ?
Patrick Modiano
Authors: Lecarme Jacques
Published: January 2015

« J’avais dix-sept ans et il ne me restait plus qu’à devenir un écrivain français. »
Hayim Gouri
Authors: Tauber Michèle
Published: January 2015

Avec Israël, nation si jeune pour un peuple si vieux, on peut sortir des sentiers battus.
Beckett
Authors: Perraud Antoine
Published: January 2015

Beckett, l’innational, l’homme qui défie les contrôles d’identité. Le désespoir des bibliothécaires. En voilà un qu’on ne risque pas de rapatrier.
Écosystèmes de médias
Authors: Bomsel Olivier
Published: January 2015

Posons que la numérisation fait rupture, c’est-à-dire qu’on peut y voir l’avant à la lumière de l’après. Cette note propose une caractérisation de l’économie et de l’organisation industrielle des médias tels qu’ils se présentent après la numérisation. Elle suggère des pistes de relance des protocoles éditoriaux.
N'oublie pas le meilleur
Authors: Boulanger Sylvie
Published: January 2015

« Pricer », « marketer », « auto-fixing », curation, diffusion, réflexivité : cet article explore quelques-uns des innombrables ruses par lesquelles la raison de l’art jongle avec les valeurs du marché. Des travaux de Claude Rutault et Ben Kinmont servent de contre-exemples à certaines tendances dominantes.
Le Wall Street de nos désirs et de nos désillusions
Authors: Moron Werner
Published: January 2015

Tant que l’art fera partie du luxe, c’est-à-dire tant qu’il organisera sa rareté par l’effet de sa spéculation intellectuelle, il vivra une croissance infinie. Pour cela, il ne faut pas qu’il y ait d’inflation, c’est-à-dire qu’il faut respecter un certain numerus clausus d’artistes et d’œuvres. Le Wall Street de nos désirs et nos désillusions , c’est justement l’organisation de cette inflation, c’est – dans la continuité de Beuys – affirmer que chacun d’entre nous est capable d’être un artiste. Nous allons bombarder le réel qui nous est fait de tous les réels qui vivent logés en nous pour en faire Le Wall Street de nos désirs et de nos désillusions , une bourse de nos valeurs inscrites dans une symbolique, jouée à la hausse et à la baisse dans un jeu qui va faire monter votre désir et donc armer une révolution dans le sens des saisons.
Certification Background
Authors: Burdeau Marie-Mathilde
Published: January 2015

Les honoraires sont une forme de rémunération rudimentaire et mal définie, en total décalage avec l’économie actuelle du travail prise dans son ensemble. Le travail artistique se trouve au cœur d’une industrie multimilliardaire et pourtant aucune norme, convention ou réglementation ne vient encadrer la rémunération des artistes. Les artistes fournissent une force de travail. En tant que représentant de cette force de travail, W.A.G.E. demande qu’une rémunération mandatée et transparente soit fixée, correspondant au travail effectué par les artistes pour les expositions, les programmes et les publications.
Endurances
Authors: Fol Jac
Published: January 2015

Conjointement, nous présentons trois-quatre artistes associés quant à leurs exigences et leur extrême volonté de continuer , et comme valeur architecturale (Barto & Barto), et comme valeur affranchie (Xatrec), et comme valeur contemporaine (Mathieu Mercier).
Istanbul 2013
Authors: Lamarche-Vadel Gaëtane
Published: January 2015

À Istanbul durant l’été 2013, les manifestations politiques de Gezi et les manifestations artistiques de la 13 e Biennale ne parlent pas le même langage. Les premières envahissent la ville, les secondes désorientées font retraite. Le déroulé des événements donne l’occasion d’analyser un clivage essentiel entre, d’une part, les valeurs artistiques que peuvent a priori partager les commissaires d’exposition et les artistes qu’ils invitent et, d’autre part, les processus de valorisation des espaces publics et urbains, préalables indispensables à la programmation de tels événements culturels et artistiques.
Visages d'Ernesto, novembre 2011
Authors: Perrin Marc
Published: January 2015

? + ? il annonce ? c’est la dernière fois que nous participons à un exercice volontaire vis-à-vis de la Grèce ? = ? il y a un temps pour tout ? le temps ? du volontarisme est terminé ? + ? un défaut total de la Grèce serait tout à fait gérable pour la banque nationale de Paris Paribas ? + ? il affirme ? la banque se laisse une belle marge de manœuvre pour rémunérer ses actionnaires ? + ? sur le visage d’Ernesto ? est visible le visage de Palden Choetso ? nonne tibétaine ? elle s’immole par le feu.
Wanted
Authors: Dufeu Antoine
Published: January 2015

Wanted est l’annonce de deux ouvrages théoriques en cours d’écriture, Blanchiment et Likilic .
Dans quel état, nos États-nations ?
Authors: Puel Hugues
Published: January 2015

Le concept de souveraineté de l’État a des contours historiques précis : Jean Bodin, Thomas Hobbes, puis une évolution vers une approche constitutionnelle aux xix e et xx e siècles. Origine religieuse rappelée avec force par Carl Schmitt, dialectique hégélienne, etc. Il convient de mentionner aussi, bien sûr, le traité de Westphalie jusqu’à la mise en place de l’ONU actuelle. Le rôle de quelques grandes nations est à situer correctement : États-Unis, Allemagne, Chine... Tout cela dessine une complexité lourde et peu coopérative dans une mondialisation économique qui est avant tout celle des entreprises transnationales. Notons encore l’absence de sécurité mondiale qui devrait, à elle seule, souligner l’urgence d’un principe de fédération qui fait toujours défaut.
Faut-il s'inquiéter du retour de la morale ?
Authors: Lemoine Laurent
Published: January 2015

Dans quel contexte précis s’inscrit le retour de la morale, si retour il y a, et s’il est en effet à craindre ? L’athéisme actuel est différent des formes militantes que l’on a connues. Les menaces qui pèsent au quotidien sur nos vies sont multiformes. Elles contribuent à engendrer des éthiques de conviction qui confondent identité et identitaire. Le retour conjoint du religieux assimilé au fanatisme et de la morale réduite au respect indéfectible du code se fait sur fond de rejet de l’histoire et de recomposition personnelle ou communautariste des « fondamentaux » de sa propre tradition religieuse. Face à ce péril, Julia Kristeva en appelle à la « transvaluation » de l’héritage gréco-judéo-chrétien et le Pape François à jeter des ponts par la mise en œuvre de Dignitatis humanae et de Nostra Aetate (Vatican II).
Optimization-Based Design of RF-VCOs with Tapered Inductors
Authors: Pereira Pedro , Passos Fábio , Fino M. Helena
Published: January 2015

Voltage-Controlled Oscillators (VCOs) are widely used in wireless transceivers. Due to the stringent specifications regarding phase-noise, LC-VCOs are usually adopted. The need for maximizing phase-noise as well as minimizing the power consumption makes imperious the adoption of optimization-based design methodologies. For the optimization of the LC-VCO characteristics, special attention must be paid to the integrated inductor design, since its quality factor may have a strong influence in the LC-VCO phase-noise. Furthermore, designers must ensure that the higher limit of VCO operating frequency is sufficiently below the inductor resonant frequency. In this chapter, a study on the influence of the quality factor of the inductors on the LC-VCO overall behavior is presented. Then, optimization of integrated inductors by exploring the inductor geometric layout is presented. Finally, results obtained for the design of an LC-VCO in 130nm Technology using a previously optimized inductor are presented.
Combination of Metaheuristics to the Optimal Design of Analog and RF Circuits
Authors: Sallem Amin , Kotti Mouna , Fakhfakh Mourad , Tlelo-Cuautle Esteban , Siarry Patrick
Published: January 2015

Multi-objective metaheuristics are over and over again used by analog designers. They allow generating a set of non-dominated solutions (i.e. the Pareto front). In this chapter, the authors highlight the fact, via the application of six multi-objective algorithms to the optimization of conflicting performances of four analog and RF circuits, that the generated fronts highly depend on the used algorithm. They propose a solution consisting of combining metaheuristics to generate a “better” front by merging results obtained thanks to different algorithms and the application of a dominance routine. Viability of the proposed idea is shown through examples.
Till geochemical signatures associated with the Sisson W-Mo deposit, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: McClenaghan Beth , Seaman Allen , Parkhill Michael , Pronk Antonius
Published: January 2015

A till composition study was carried out around the Sisson W-Mo deposit, New Brunswick, Canada, one of the largest W deposits in the world, to test modern analytical methods for W in till and document glacial dispersal from a significant W source. The <0.063 mm fraction of till defines glacial dispersal down ice of the deposit and use of this fraction is recommended for W-Mo exploration in the region. Metal-rich till overlying the deposit contains up to 816 ppm W and 63 ppm Mo. One km down ice, till contains 75 ppm W and 8 ppm Mo, and till in background areas contains a maximum of 7 ppm W, and 2 ppm Mo. Indicator elements for the deposit include W and Mo, and pathfinder elements include Ag, As, Bi, Cd, Cu, In, Pb, Te, and Zn. This list of elements is more extensive than previously identified for the Sisson deposit or identified in other published till geochemical studies because of the polymetallic nature of the Sisson deposit and the broad suite of elements that can now be determined using modern analytical techniques. Lithium meta/tetraborate fusion inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry was used to determine the total concentration of W in till and is a fast and cost effective method as compared to those reported in the older literature. Glacial dispersal of W and Mo from the Sisson deposit is detectable at a regional scale at least 14 km down ice (southeast) using surface till sampling. A 2 km till sample spacing should be sufficient to detect glacial dispersal from a W-Mo deposit of this size.
Emergency Medicine Resident Physicians’ Perceptions of Electronic Documentation and Workflow
Authors: Neri P.M. , Redden L. , Poole S. , Pozner C.N. , Horsky J. , Raja A.S. , Poon E. , Schiff G. , Landman A.
Published: January 2015

Objective: To understand emergency department (ED) physicians’ use of electronic documentation in order to identify usability and workflow considerations for the design of future ED information system (EDIS) physician documentation modules.

Methods: We invited emergency medicine resident physicians to participate in a mixed methods study using task analysis and qualitative interviews. Participants completed a simulated, standardized patient encounter in a medical simulation center while documenting in the test environment of a currently used EDIS. We recorded the time on task, type and sequence of tasks performed by the participants (including tasks performed in parallel). We then conducted semi-structured interviews with each participant. We analyzed these qualitative data using the constant comparative method to generate themes.

Results: Eight resident physicians participated. The simulation session averaged 17 minutes and participants spent 11 minutes on average on tasks that included electronic documentation. Participants performed tasks in parallel, such as history taking and electronic documentation. Five of the 8 participants performed a similar workflow sequence during the first part of the session while the remaining three used different workflows. Three themes characterize electronic documentation: (1) physicians report that location and timing of documentation varies based on patient acuity and workload, (2) physicians report a need for features that support improved efficiency; and (3) physicians like viewing available patient data but struggle with integration of the EDIS with other information sources.

Conclusion: We confirmed that physicians spend much of their time on documentation (65%) during an ED patient visit. Further, we found that resident physicians did not all use the same work-flow and approach even when presented with an identical standardized patient scenario. Future EHR design should consider these varied workflows while trying to optimize efficiency, such as improving integration of clinical data. These findings should be tested quantitatively in a larger, representative study.

Citation: Neri PM, Redden L, Poole S, Pozner CN, Horsky J, Raja AS, Poon E, Schiff G, Landman A. Emergency medicine resident physicians’ perceptions of electronic documentation and workflow – a mixed methods study. Appl Clin Inf 2015; 6: 27–41

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2014-08-RA-0065
Comment on "Reduced efficacy of marine cloud brightening geoengineering due to in-plume aerosol coagulation: parameterization and global implications" by Stuart et al. (2013)
Authors: Anand S. , Mayya Y. S.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. We examine the parameterized model of Stuart et al. (2013) vis-à-vis a diffusion-based model proposed by us earlier (Anand and Mayya, 2011) to estimate the fraction of aerosol particles surviving coagulation in a dispersing plume. While the Stuart et al. approach is based on the solutions to the coagulation problem in an expanding plume model, the diffusion-based approach solves the diffusion–coagulation equation for a steady-state standing plume to arrive at the survival fraction correlations. We discuss the differences in the functional forms of the survival fraction expressions obtained in the two approaches and compare the results for the case studies presented in Stuart et al. (2013) involving different particle emission rates and atmospheric stability categories. There appears to be a better agreement between the two models at higher survival fractions as compared to lower survival fractions; on the whole, the two models agree with each other within a difference of 10%. The diffusion-based expression involves a single exponent fit to a theoretically generated similarity variable combining the parameters of the problem with inbuilt exponents and hence avoids the multi-exponent parameterization exercise. It also possesses a wider range of applicability in respect of the source and atmospheric parameters as compared to that based on parameterization. However, in the diffusion model, the choice of a representative value for the coagulation coefficient is more prescriptive than rigorous, which has been addressed in a more satisfactory manner by the parameterization method. The present comparative exercise, although limited in scope, confirms the importance of aerosol microphysical processes envisaged by Stuart et al. for cloud brightening applications. In a larger context, it seems to suggest that either of the two forms of expressions might be suitable for incorporation into global-/regional-scale air pollution models for predicting the contribution of localized sources to the particle number loading in the atmosphere.
The software architecture of climate models: a graphical comparison of CMIP5 and EMICAR5 configurations
Authors: Alexander K. , Easterbrook S. M.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. We analyse the source code of eight coupled climate models, selected from those that participated in the CMIP5 (Taylor et al., 2012) or EMICAR5 (Eby et al., 2013; Zickfeld et al., 2013) intercomparison projects. For each model, we sort the preprocessed code into components and subcomponents based on dependency structure. We then create software architecture diagrams which show the relative sizes of these components/subcomponents and the flow of data between them. The diagrams also illustrate several major classes of climate model design; the distribution of complexity between components, which depends on historical development paths as well as the conscious goals of each institution; and the sharing of components between different modelling groups. These diagrams offer insights into the similarities and differences between models, and have the potential to be useful tools for communication between scientists, scientific institutions, and the public.
Plant functional type classification for Earth System Models: results from the European Space Agency's Land Cover Climate Change Initiative
Authors: Poulter B. , MacBean N. , Hartley A. , Khlystova I. , Arino O. , Betts R. , Bontemps S. , Boettcher M. , Brockmann C. , Defourny P. , Hagemann S. , Herold M. , Kirches G. , Lamarche C. , Lederer D. , Ottlé C. , Peters M. , Peylin P.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Global land cover is a key variable in the earth system with feedbacks on climate, biodiversity and natural resources. However, global land-cover datasets presently fall short of user needs in providing detailed spatial and thematic information that is consistently mapped over time and easily transferable to the requirements of earth system models. In 2009, the European Space Agency launched the Climate Change Initiative (CCI), with land cover (LC_CCI) as one of thirteen Essential Climate Variables targeted for research development. The LC_CCI was implemented in three phases, first responding to a survey of user needs, then developing a global, moderate resolution, land-cover dataset for three time periods, or epochs, 2000, 2005, and 2010, and the last phase resulting in a user-tool for converting land cover to plant functional type equivalents. Here we present the results of the LC_CCI project with a focus on the mapping approach used to convert the United Nations Land Cover Classification System to plant functional types (PFT). The translation was performed as part of consultative process among map producers and users and resulted in an open-source conversion tool. A comparison with existing PFT maps used by three-earth system modeling teams shows significant differences between the LC_CCI PFT dataset and those currently used in earth system models with likely consequences for modeling terrestrial biogeochemistry and land–atmosphere interactions. The LC_CCI tool is flexible for users to modify land cover to PFT conversions and will evolve as Phase 2 of the European Space Agency CCI program continues.
Assessment of precipitation and temperature data from CMIP3 global climate models for hydrologic simulation
Authors: McMahon T. A. , Peel M. C. , Karoly D. J.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The objective of this paper is to identify better performing Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) global climate models (GCMs) that reproduce grid-scale climatological statistics of observed precipitation and temperature for input to hydrologic simulation over global land regions. Current assessments are aimed mainly at examining the performance of GCMs from a climatology perspective and not from a hydrology standpoint. The performance of each GCM in reproducing the precipitation and temperature statistics was ranked and better performing GCMs identified for later analyses. Observed global land surface precipitation and temperature data were drawn from the Climatic Research Unit (CRU) 3.10 gridded data set and re-sampled to the resolution of each GCM for comparison. Observed and GCM-based estimates of mean and standard deviation of annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, mean monthly precipitation and temperature and Köppen–Geiger climate type were compared. The main metrics for assessing GCM performance were the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) index and root mean square error (RMSE) between modelled and observed long-term statistics. This information combined with a literature review of the performance of the CMIP3 models identified the following better performing GCMs from a hydrologic perspective: HadCM3 (Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research), MIROCm (Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate) (Center for Climate System Research (The University of Tokyo), National Institute for Environmental Studies, and Frontier Research Center for Global Change), MIUB (Meteorological Institute of the University of Bonn, Meteorological Research Institute of KMA, and Model and Data group), MPI (Max Planck Institute for Meteorology) and MRI (Japan Meteorological Research Institute). The future response of these GCMs was found to be representative of the 44 GCM ensemble members which confirms that the selected GCMs are reasonably representative of the range of future GCM projections.
Using measured soil water contents to estimate evapotranspiration and root water uptake profiles – a comparative study
Authors: Guderle M. , Hildebrandt A.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Understanding the role of plants in soil water relations, and thus ecosystem functioning, requires information about root water uptake. We evaluated four different complex water balance methods to estimate sink term patterns and evapotranspiration directly from soil moisture measurements. We tested four methods. The first two take the difference between two measurement intervals as evapotranspiration, thus neglecting vertical flow. The third uses regression on the soil water content time series and differences between day and night to account for vertical flow. The fourth accounts for vertical flow using a numerical model and iteratively solves for the sink term. None of these methods requires any a priori information of root distribution parameters or evapotranspiration, which is an advantage compared to common root water uptake models. To test the methods, a synthetic experiment with numerical simulations for a grassland ecosystem was conducted. Additionally, the time series were perturbed to simulate common sensor errors, like those due to measurement precision and inaccurate sensor calibration. We tested each method for a range of measurement frequencies and applied performance criteria to evaluate the suitability of each method. In general, we show that methods accounting for vertical flow predict evapotranspiration and the sink term distribution more accurately than the simpler approaches. Under consideration of possible measurement uncertainties, the method based on regression and differentiating between day and night cycles leads to the best and most robust estimation of sink term patterns. It is thus an alternative to more complex inverse numerical methods. This study demonstrates that highly resolved (temporally and spatially) soil water content measurements may be used to estimate the sink term profiles when the appropriate approach is used.
Sea surface height and mixed layer depth responses to sea surface temperature in northwestern Pacific subtropical front zone from spring to summer
Authors: Qiu C. , Kawamura H. , Mao H. , Wu J.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Qiu et al. (2014) quantitatively examined the mechanisms of sea surface temperature front disappearance, finding that the formation of shallow mixed layer depth (MLD) is very important. In the present study, we further investigated variations of the sea level anomaly (SLA) and mixed layer depth (MLD) during the SST front weakening period, based on weekly satellite derived products. For the SLA, we examined the steric height component of SLA, using empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method and physical method. The seasonal variations of steric height from above two methods have the same pattern: peak value (~ 20 cm) occurs in July-August, and minimum value (~ −5 cm) occurs in February to March. Correlation between SLA and SST achieves 0.76 in cold zone and frontal zone, and it is 0.86 between steric component and SST. When SST becomes large, MLD decreases gradually. The linear relationship (y = −4.46 x +156.47) between MLD and SST could be used to estimate the MLD in the subtropical front zone.
La mortalidad infantil en Argentina. Análisis de sus cambios y de las diferencias regionales
Authors: Mazzeo Victoria
Published: January 2015

El objetivo de este artículo, es analizar, a partir de mediados del siglo XX, los cambios en el nivel de la mortalidad infantil de Argentina observando las diferencias regionales. Una primera lectura indica que en Argentina, entre los años 1950 y 2010, el nivel de la mortalidad infantil descendió más del 80%, siendo su nivel de 11,1 por mil en 2012. Al tener en cuenta el comportamiento de las distintas jurisdicciones se advierte que sólo una tercera parte de ellas se mantuvieron durante el siglo XXI por debajo del promedio del país y otra tercera parte estuvo por encima, el resto presentó altibajos. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pdac.v10i0.1734 Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes, Vol. 10, 2014: 9-20
Honduras, 2015-2050: algunas consecuencias del envejecimiento de la población sobre la planificación de los servicios de educación y salud
Authors: Sermeño Lima José Arnoldo
Published: January 2015

El proceso de envejecimiento en las sociedades tiene consecuencias sobre las subpoblaciones que están en edad de realizar diversas actividades propias de la vida del ser humano, como estudiar, trabajar o jubilarse. Este artículo analiza esas consecuencias en la República de Honduras, poniendo especial atención sobre algunas derivaciones que ese proceso tiene para la planificación de los servicios de educación y salud durante el período 2015-2050. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pdac.v10i0.1737 Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes, Vol. 10, 2014: 45-53
Las mujeres mexicanas en los flujos migratorios laborales hacia Estados Unidos
Authors: Woo Morales Ofelia
Published: January 2015

El escenario demográfico de la migración internacional y específicamente desde México hacia Estados Unidos ha tenido cambios significativos, entre éstos interesa destacar la creciente presencia de las mujeres como migrantes no solo como acompañantes en un proceso de reunificación sino también por su participación en el mercado laboral. En este artículo se presentarán las tendencias del flujo migratorio femenino y masculino respecto a sus características migratorias y laborales a través del tiempo (2000-2012), se recupera la información de la base de datos de la Encuesta sobre Migración en la Frontera Norte de México (EMIF Norte). En el documento se expone de manera sucinta la participación de las mujeres mexicanas en el proceso migratorio como migrantes laborales que conforman parte de un nuevo patrón migratorio diferente al tradicional de reunificación familiar, identificado en la migración de mexicanos hacia Estados Unidos. También se presentan las características de los flujos migratorios del grupo que la encuesta denomina Migrantes Procedentes del Sur que van a Estados Unidos y finalmente se hace algunas reflexiones sobre las diferencias de la migración femenina y masculina en el flujo migratorio en el periodo aludido. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pdac.v10i0.1738 Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes, Vol. 10, 2014: 55-68
Estimación y proyección de la población económicamente activa de la ciudad de San Pedro Sula, 2015- 2030
Authors: Manuel Ciudad Juan
Published: January 2015

Este documento, que tiene como objetivo realizar una proyección de la Población Económicamente Activa en la ciudad de San Pedro Sula para el período 2015 - 2030; sirve como insumo necesario para los planes de desarrollo económico y social desde dos puntos de vista: la población como productora (fuerza de trabajo) y como consumidora de bienes y servi­cios. Es de gran importancia contar con proyecciones por sexo y grupos de edad, pues, además de la relevancia que tienen por sí mismas, de ellas se derivan una serie de proyecciones más desagregadas que permiten brindar información útil para la planificación de las ciudades y precisar con mayor detalle las futuras necesidades básicas (salud, vivienda y educación, entre otras), Sobre esta base se establecen tres variantes de proyección, que a su vez permiten establecer perspectivas demográficas muy diferenciadas. Así, se fijan tendencias diversas en la Población Económicamente Activa de esta ciudad sampedrana. Sin dudas, son notables los aportes de la investigación. Se anticipa el volumen de la fuerza laboral, el cual constituye un elemento crucial en la elaboración de planes de desarrollo a fin de garantizar el uso racional de los recursos laborales en el mediano plazo. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/pdac.v10i0.1741 Revista Población y Desarrollo: Argonautas y Caminantes, Vol. 10, 2014: 91-102
Negocios de subsistencia: una visión de fortalecimiento desde la perspectiva de género
Authors: Zúniga Sánchez Mijael Enoc
Published: January 2015

Este pequeño artículo surge de la necesidad de tratar un tema que a lo largo del tiempo ha sido postergado en su análisis, pero que últimamente ha cobrado relevancia por el crecimiento de pequeños negocios de subsistencia, principalmente de mujeres, que ven en dichas actividades una ventana para la satisfacción de sus necesidades y la obtención de ingresos. En este sentido, se evidencia la necesidad de apoyo integral a la mujer y el papel que desempeña, como base fundamental de la familia. La formación de la mujer como ente de desarrollo productivo, dentro del ámbito local, permite establecer posicionamientos socioeconómicos que fortalecen el papel de la mujer y su inclusión dentro de los procesos productivos, encaminado el desarrollo tanto familiar como local. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/reice.v2i4.1722 REICE Vol. 2, No. 4, julio-diciembre 2014: 14-19
El nuevo paradigma de la evaluación de las políticas públicas
Authors: Luna Gutiérrez Rodrigo Jacobo
Published: January 2015

La evaluación de las políticas públicas es asociada, cada vez en menor medida, en un momento ex-post dentro del ciclo de un plan, programa, política o proyecto, sin embargo es necesario que la evaluación sea vista desde un enfoque integral. Los objetivos del presente documento son por un lado estimular a nuevos debates, a través de la academia, sobre la evaluación de políticas públicas y los desafíos que enfrenta en un escenario de gobernabilidad nacional y local y por otro lado proporcionar conocimientos sobre la evaluación de políticas públicas, que a su vez permitan determinar el impacto de las mismas. De tal manera que en su conjunto poder contribuir al desarrollo de una cultura de evaluación. Para ello, esencialmente lo que se hace es comenzar por definir de manera individual tanto las políticas públicas como la evaluación, para posteriormente abordar a la evaluación de políticas públicas en su conjunto, exponiendo conceptualizaciones de la misma, evolución histórica del desarrollo de la evaluación, su importancia, necesidad y función. Como resultado, se comprueba la utilidad práctica de la evaluación de políticas públicas como herramienta para mejorar las intervenciones públicas en una relación ganarganar por parte del gobierno y los gobernados. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/reice.v2i4.1724 REICE Vol. 2, No. 4, julio-diciembre 2014: 34-48
Diagnóstico de la experiencia investigativa en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas "una reflexión endógena"
Authors: López Mario R , Canales Salinas Ricardo José
Published: January 2015

El propósito del estudio es realizar una reflexión sobre el proceso de investigación en la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua. La información estadística se recolecto aplicando un cuestionario dirigido a una muestra de profesores de las distintas escuelas trabajando a tiempo completo durante el año 1999. Se ha encontrado que el proceso de investigación no es algo simple y que no se puede hacer generalizaciones sobre la inexistencia de una cultura de investigación en la facultad de ciencias económicas. A lo sumo podemos aseverar que la investigación es fragmentada e irrelevante en algunos casos. Por lo tanto, se requiere reconstruir nuestro quehacer docente investigativo hacia la investigación fortaleciendo una instancia o entidad que organiza el proceso de investigación en conjunto con un esquema de incentivos a la investigación. Se requiere una plataforma en forma de seminarios y foros de debate que permita a los docentes evacuar sus ideas al respecto al tema de investigación a fin de crear sinergia interna. La modalidad de investigación vía la monografía es clave para el proceso, sin embargo, la modalidad de monografías como forma de trabajo científico debe estar en relación a una línea de investigación. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/reice.v2i4.1727 REICE Vol. 2, No. 4, julio-diciembre 2014: 70-95
El salario mínimo y su relación con la canasta básica
Authors: Guzmán Cisneros Fátima Ninoska , Robleto Acevedo Cristhiam Elieth , Andino Moran María Félix
Published: January 2015

La finalidad de este ensayo es dar una explicación sobre la relación de las variables Canasta Básica y Salario Mínimo. Nuestro propósito es recalcar en la brecha que existe entre ambas variables. La metodología de este artículo es descriptivo analítico en donde se evaluara el comportamiento de las variables determinantes del salario mínimo. Desde el punto de vista económico en Nicaragua la problemática es la siguiente: bajos salarios con altos niveles de precios de los productos de la canasta básica. Con este resultado es evidente, que se producirá un incremento mayor en la brecha de salario mínimo y de costo de la canasta básica, haciendo cada día una utopía un salario mínimo igual al costo de la canasta básica. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/reice.v2i4.1729 REICE Vol. 2, No. 4, julio-diciembre 2014: 110-124