bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suicide risk in male incarcerated individuals in Spain: clinical, criminological and prison-related correlates
Authors: Vorstenbosch Ellen , Rodríguez-Liron Ariadna , Vicens-Pons Enric , Félez-Nóbrega Mireia , Escuder-Romeva Gemma
Published: September 2023

Background

Prison suicide is a complex phenomenon that may be influenced by individual, clinical, social and environmental factors. In Spain, few studies have explored the relationship with institutional, prison-related variables. The aim of this study is to examine correlates of suicide in a sample of male incarcerated individuals from 5 Spanish penitentiary centers.

Methods

This present study entails a secondary data analysis, using data from the Prevalence of mental disorders in prisons study. This is a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted in 2007–2008 across 5 penitentiary centers in Spain. The Spanish version of the Plutchik suicide risk scale was used to assess the risk of suicide (those scoring ≥ 6 were considered to be at risk of suicide). Sociodemographic, clinical, criminological and prison-related data were collected via face-to face interviews and criminological data were confirmed using penitentiary records.

Results

The final sample included 707 male incarcerated individuals (mean age 36.79 years ± 9.90 years). Several significant correlates associated with higher risk of suicide were identified including criminological factors (having committed a violent offense, being a recidivist), clinical factors (family history of mental disorders, the presence of mental disorders, having physical conditions, contact with a mental health specialist, medication treatment in the last 12 months), and prison-related determinants (workshop/training course participation) was significantly associated with lower suicide risk.

Conclusions

Several correlates within a comprehensive range of sociodemographic, criminological, clinical and prison-related variables were identified. This information is primordial for preventing suicide and reducing the existing risk. The findings may contribute to developing effective suicide prevention programs within Spanish prison services. Importantly, future research must continue to investigate the nature of suicidal outcomes among incarcerated individuals.
Assessment of the effectiveness of secondary anti-damp insulation in heritage buildings made of historic brick: the current state of knowledge, research gaps and perspectives
Authors: Szemiot Natalia , Hoła Anna , Sadowski Łukasz
Published: September 2023

Destruction caused by excessive moisture is a common problem in heritage buildings made of brick. Historic buildings usually have walls that of different constructions, i.e. walls with all joints filled, walls without filled vertical joints, and walls with a layered arrangement. Excessive moisture causes brick cavities, reduces the load-bearing capacity of walls, is unsightly, and can lead to the destruction of walls or the failure of a building. Secondary anti-damp insulation is used to protect the brick walls of historic buildings. However, there has not been enough research to confirm the effectiveness of secondary anti-damp insulation. This type of insulation is performed with the use of the injection method, with various factors (such as soils, the type of injection material, etc.) that affect the effectiveness of the insulation being taken into account. There is also insufficient research on how injection material penetrates brick. This article presents the current state of knowledge, research gaps, and research regarding anti-damp insulation in historic buildings made of brick, and also the perspectives of future research. The authors propose the use of non-destructive and destructive methods to assess the effectiveness of anti-damp insulation in brick walls.
Incorporation of CAD (computer-aided detection) with thin-slice lung CT in routine 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging read-out protocol for detection of lung nodules
Authors: Bhure Ujwal , Cieciera Matthäus , Lehnick Dirk , del Sol Pérez Lago Maria , Grünig Hannes , Lima Thiago , Roos Justus E. , Strobel Klaus
Published: September 2023

Objective

To evaluate the detection rate and performance of 18F-FDG PET alone (PET), the combination of PET and low-dose thick-slice CT (PET/lCT), PET and diagnostic thin-slice CT (PET/dCT), and additional computer-aided detection (PET/dCT/CAD) for lung nodules (LN)/metastases in tumor patients. Along with this, assessment of inter-reader agreement and time requirement for different techniques were evaluated as well.

Methods

In 100 tumor patients (56 male, 44 female; age range: 22–93 years, mean age: 60 years) 18F-FDG PET images, low-dose CT with shallow breathing (5 mm slice thickness), and diagnostic thin-slice CT (1 mm slice thickness) in full inspiration were retrospectively evaluated by three readers with variable experience (junior, mid-level, and senior) for the presence of lung nodules/metastases and additionally analyzed with CAD. Time taken for each analysis and number of the nodules detected were assessed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, accuracy, and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of each technique was calculated. Histopathology and/or imaging follow-up served as reference standard for the diagnosis of metastases.

Results

Three readers, on an average, detected 40 LN in 17 patients with PET only, 121 LN in 37 patients using ICT, 283 LN in 60 patients with dCT, and 282 LN in 53 patients with CAD. On average, CAD detected 49 extra LN, missed by the three readers without CAD, whereas CAD overall missed 53 LN. There was very good inter-reader agreement regarding the diagnosis of metastases for all four techniques (kappa: 0.84–0.93). The average time required for the evaluation of LN in PET, lCT, dCT, and CAD was 25, 31, 60, and 40 s, respectively; the assistance of CAD lead to average 33% reduction in time requirement for evaluation of lung nodules compared to dCT. The time-saving effect was highest in the less experienced reader. Regarding the diagnosis of metastases, sensitivity and specificity combined of all readers were 47.8%/96.2% for PET, 80.0%/81.9% for PET/lCT, 100%/56.7% for PET/dCT, and 95.6%/64.3% for PET/CAD. No significant difference was observed regarding the ROC AUC (area under the curve) between the imaging methods.

Conclusion

Implementation of CAD for the detection of lung nodules/metastases in routine 18F-FDG PET/CT read-out is feasible. The combination of diagnostic thin-slice CT and CAD significantly increases the detection rate of lung nodules in tumor patients compared to the standard PET/CT read-out. PET combined with low-dose CT showed the best balance between sensitivity and specificity regarding the diagnosis of metastases per patient. CAD reduces the time required for lung nodule/metastasis detection, especially for less experienced readers.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of Y-IrNi rhombic dodecahedron nanoframe by STEM/EDS tomography
Authors: Kim Taekyung , Lee Yongsang , Hong Yongju , Lee Kwangyeol , Baik Hionsuck
Published: September 2023

The structural analysis of nanocrystals via transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a valuable technique for the material science field. Recently, two-dimensional images by scanning TEM (STEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) have successfully extended to three-dimensional (3D) imaging by tomography. However, despite improving TEM instruments and measurement techniques, detector shadowing, the missing-wedge problem, X-ray absorption effects, etc., significant challenges still remain; therefore, the various required corrections should be considered and applied when performing quantitative tomography. Nonetheless, this 3D reconstruction technique can facilitate active site analysis and the development of nanocatalyst systems, such as water electrolysis and fuel cell. Herein, we present a 3D reconstruction technique to obtain tomograms of IrNi rhombic dodecahedral nanoframes (IrNi-RFs) from STEM and EDS images by applying simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique and total variation minimization algorithms. From characterizing the morphology and spatial chemical composition of the Ir and Ni atoms in the nanoframes, we were able to infer the origin of the physical and catalytic durability of IrNi-RFs. Also, by calculating the surface area and volume of the 3D reconstructed model, we were able to quantify the Ir-to-Ni composition ratio and compare it to the EDS measurement result.
Tuuned in: use of an online contraceptive decision aid for women increases reproductive self-efficacy and knowledge; results of an experimental clinical trial
Authors: Mengelkoch Summer , Espinosa Matthew , Butler Stephen A. , Prieto Laura Joigneau , Russell Emma , Ramshaw Chris , Nahavandi Shardi , Hill Sarah E.
Published: September 2023

Background

Digital decision aids are becoming increasingly common in many areas of healthcare. These aids are designed to involve patients in medical decision making, with the aim of improving patient outcomes while decreasing healthcare burden. Previously developed contraceptive-based decision aids have been found to be effective at increasing women’s knowledge about reproductive health and contraception. Here, we sought to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel contraceptive-based decision aid at increasing women’s self-efficacy and knowledge about their reproductive health and contraceptive options, as well as their perceptions of their learning. This study was registered as a clinic trial at ClinicalTrials.gov (Contraception Decision Aid Use and Patient Outcomes, ID# NCT05177783) on 05/01/2022.

Methods

The Tuune® contraceptive decision aid’s effectiveness was evaluated by conducting an experiment in which 324 women were assigned to use the Tuune® decision aid or a control decision aid. Primary outcomes included reproductive health self-efficacy, reproductive health and contraceptive knowledge, and perceptions of learning. Secondary analyses examined whether prior experience using hormonal contraceptives moderated the relationship between decision aid and each outcome measure.

Results

Women assigned to use the Tuune® decision aid exhibited greater reproductive health self-efficacy, greater knowledge about reproductive health and contraception, and perceived having learned more than women assigned to use the control decision aid (ps ≤ .029). This pattern was also observed in women with previous contraceptive use experience, where women using Tuune® reported better outcomes than women using the control aid, regardless of their history of hormonal contraceptive use experience, although this interaction was not significant (p = .089).

Conclusions

Use of the Tuune® contraceptive-based decision aid improved each of the predicted outcomes relative to a control decision aid. This suggests that use of the Tuune® contraceptive-based decision aid is well poised to increase women’s confidence and knowledge about contraceptive use and may also reduce burden on healthcare systems.
Substance use patterns among a global sample of transgender and non-binary people during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Garrison-Desany Henri M. , Childress Chase P. , McConico Nicole , Jarrett Brooke A. , Howell Sean , Glick Jennifer L.
Published: September 2023

Background

Transgender and non-binary (TNB) people are at high risk of substance misuse compared to cisgender individuals. Few studies have described substance use among non-binary people, and many studies have focused solely on samples from Western countries. In this global study of TNB people, we sought to identify intra-group differences, risk factors, and COVID-related changes in the use of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis.

Methods

We used cross-sectional data from 926 TNB users of the Hornet app across 76 countries between October and November 2020. Participants self-reported the use of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis in the past 6 months and any changes in use during the pandemic. We generated descriptive statistics and used logistic regression to assess substance use between TNB subgroups, identify risk factors for each substance by gender identity, and identify changes in substance use before and during the pandemic.

Results

Most TNB participants used tobacco (53.7%, n = 498) and alcohol (66.3%, n = 614). Non-binary participants had increased odds of using cannabis (adjusted odds ratio: 1.62, 95% CI 1.03, 2.55) compared to transfeminine participants. Participants’ geographic region of residence was most associated with higher substance use, compared to other potential factors. Most participants reported increases in at least one substance during COVID-19 (54.2%, n = 276 of 518 responses).

Conclusions

In this global TNB sample, we found that substance use varied by gender identity, and changes in substance use during the pandemic varied by TNB sub-groups. We join researchers calling for gender-specific tailoring of substance-related services for TNB clients and urge further studies with greater inclusion and disaggregation of non-binary and transmasculine individuals to support better-informed analysis of transgender health.
Path Less Traveled: Targeting Rare Driver Oncogenes in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Lim Sun Min , Lee Jii Bum , Oya Yuko , Nutzinger Jorn , Soo Ross
Published: September 2023

Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been made in the development of targeted agents in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with nonsquamous histology. Pivotal studies have used next-generation sequencing to select the patient population harboring oncogenic driver alterations that are targetable with targeted therapies. As treatment paradigm rapidly evolves for patients with rare oncogene-driven NSCLC, updated comprehensive overview of diagnostic approach and treatment options is paramount in clinical settings. In this review article, we discuss the epidemiology, molecular testing, and landmark clinical trials addressing the targeted agents for ROS1 rearrangement, METex14 skipping mutation, EGFR exon 20 insertion, KRAS G12C mutation, HER2 mutation, RET fusion, NTRK fusion, and BRAF mutations.
The Architectonics of Hope: Fragments of Life and Text in Walter Benjamin and Hart Crane
Authors: Hoffmeyer John
Published: September 2023

This essay develops a comparative account of Walter Benjamin’s and Hart Crane’s architectonic metaphors for text, culture, and history. I argue that theorist and poet alike employ parallel conceptual frameworks that analogize the “building” of the text to the condensation and constellation of disjunctive historical materials, thereby resisting progressivist conceptions of literary and cultural tradition. I further highlight the ways in which, for both figures, experiences of built images are ever-mediated, in contrast to certain strains of extant scholarship that interpret Crane’s poetry and Benjamin’s philosophy as dependent on the fiction of immediate affective experience, as if sensory perception were not always-already conditioned by the mediating abstractions of cognition and memory. Motivated by the personal and political struggles both men faced as outcasts, their visions of the fragmented cityscape as imbued with a complex, compositional logic of form and history ground, at once, the possibility of textual communicability and the preservation and transmission of memory—personal, collective, historical, and cultural. It is by virtue of this shared formal-historical logic—and the faith in a better future persisting therein—that I develop and defend Benjamin’s and Crane’s “architectonics of hope.”
Global Outcomes for Microsurgical Clipping of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms: A Benchmark Analysis of 2245 Cases
Authors: Drexler Richard , Sauvigny Thomas , Pantel Tobias F. , Ricklefs Franz L. , Catapano Joshua S. , Wanebo John E. , Lawton Michael T. , Sanchin Aminaa , Hecht Nils , Vajkoczy Peter , Raygor Kunal , Tonetti Daniel , Abla Adib , El Naamani Kareem , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I. , Jabbour Pascal , Jankowitz Brian T. , Salem Mohamed M. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Wagner Arthur , Wostrack Maria , Gempt Jens , Meyer Bernhard , Gaub Michael , Mascitelli Justin R. , Dodier Philippe , Bavinzski Gerhard , Roessler Karl , Stroh Nico , Gmeiner Matthias , Gruber Andreas , Figueiredo Eberval G. , da Silva Coelho Antonio Carlos Samaia , Bervitskiy Anatoliy V. , Anisimov Egor D. , Rzaev Jamil A. , Krenzlin Harald , Keric Naureen , Ringel Florian , Park Dougho , Kim Mun-Chul , Marcati Eleonora , Cenzato Marco , Westphal Manfred , Dührsen Lasse
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Benchmarks represent the best possible outcome and help to improve outcomes for surgical procedures. However, global thresholds mirroring an optimal and reachable outcome for microsurgical clipping of unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIA) are not available. This study aimed to define standardized outcome benchmarks in patients who underwent clipping of UIA.

METHODS:

A total of 2245 microsurgically treated UIA from 15 centers were analyzed. Patients were categorized into low- (“benchmark”) and high-risk (“nonbenchmark”) patients based on known factors affecting outcome. The benchmark was defined as the 75th percentile of all centers' median scores for a given outcome. Benchmark outcomes included intraoperative (eg, duration of surgery, blood transfusion), postoperative (eg, reoperation, neurological status), and aneurysm-related factors (eg, aneurysm occlusion). Benchmark cutoffs for aneurysms of the anterior communicating/anterior cerebral artery, middle cerebral artery, and posterior communicating artery were determined separately.

RESULTS:

Of the 2245 cases, 852 (37.9%) patients formed the benchmark cohort. Most operations were performed for middle cerebral artery aneurysms (53.6%), followed by anterior communicating and anterior cerebral artery aneurysms (25.2%). Based on the results of the benchmark cohort, the following benchmark cutoffs were established: favorable neurological outcome (modified Rankin scale ≤2) ≥95.9%, postoperative complication rate ≤20.7%, length of postoperative stay ≤7.7 days, asymptomatic stroke ≤3.6%, surgical site infection ≤2.7%, cerebral vasospasm ≤2.5%, new motor deficit ≤5.9%, aneurysm closure rate ≥97.1%, and at 1-year follow-up: aneurysm closure rate ≥98.0%. At 24 months, benchmark patients had a better score on the modified Rankin scale than nonbenchmark patients.

CONCLUSION:

This study presents internationally applicable benchmarks for clinically relevant outcomes after microsurgical clipping of UIA. These benchmark cutoffs can serve as reference values for other centers, patient registries, and for comparing the benefit of other interventions or novel surgical techniques.
Vimentin intermediate filaments provide structural stability to the mammalian Golgi complex
Authors: Vitali Teresa , Sanchez-Alvarez Rosa , Witkos Tomasz M. , Bantounas Ioannis , Cutiongco Marie F. A. , Dudek Michal , Yan Guanhua , Mironov Alexander A. , Swift Joe , Lowe Martin
Published: September 2023

The Golgi complex comprises a connected ribbon of stacked cisternal membranes localized to the perinuclear region in most vertebrate cells. The position and morphology of this organelle depends upon interactions with microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton. In contrast, we know relatively little about the relationship of the Golgi complex with intermediate filaments (IFs). In this study, we show that the Golgi is in close physical proximity to vimentin IFs in cultured mouse and human cells. We also show that the trans-Golgi network coiled-coil protein GORAB can physically associate with vimentin IFs. Loss of vimentin and/or GORAB had a modest effect upon Golgi structure at the steady state. The Golgi underwent more rapid disassembly upon chemical disruption with brefeldin A or nocodazole, and slower reassembly upon drug washout, in vimentin knockout cells. Moreover, loss of vimentin caused reduced Golgi ribbon integrity when cells were cultured on high-stiffness hydrogels, which was exacerbated by loss of GORAB. These results indicate that vimentin IFs contribute to the structural stability of the Golgi complex and suggest a role for GORAB in this process.
Epithelial mechanics are maintained by inhibiting cell fusion with age in Drosophila
Authors: Dehn Ari S. , Duhaime Levi , Gogna Navdeep , Nishina Patsy M. , Kelley Kristina , Losick Vicki P.
Published: September 2023

A characteristic of normal aging and age-related diseases is the remodeling of the cellular organization of a tissue through polyploid cell growth. Polyploidy arises from an increase in nuclear ploidy or the number of nuclei per cell. However, it is not known whether age-induced polyploidy is an adaption to stressors or a precursor to degeneration. Here, we find that abdominal epithelium of the adult fruit fly becomes polyploid with age through generation of multinucleated cells by cell fusion. Inhibition of fusion does not improve the lifespan of the fly, but does enhance its biomechanical fitness, a measure of the healthspan of the animal. Remarkably, Drosophila can maintain their epithelial tension and abdominal movements with age when cell fusion is inhibited. Epithelial cell fusion also appears to be dependent on a mechanical cue, as knockdown of Rho kinase, E-cadherin or α-catenin is sufficient to induce multinucleation in young animals. Interestingly, mutations in α-catenin in mice result in retina pigment epithelial multinucleation associated with macular disease. Therefore, we have discovered that polyploid cells arise by cell fusion and contribute to the decline in the biomechanical fitness of the animal with age.
The Possible Calcification Mechanisms in some Reptilian Egg-shells
Authors: Simkiss K. , Tyler C.
Published: September 2023

Studies have been made of the organic matrix of certain reptilian egg-shells. The interaction between egg-shell-matrix and various metal ions has been considered by noting the effect of these ions on the staining of the matrix by toluidine blue. A comparison of the results with those for the hen indicates that the chelating mechanism in the Chelonia is similar to that in the hen, but that that in the Crocodilia is different. It is suggested that in the Crocodilia the acid mucopolysaccharide of the matrix is embedded in, but not combined with,the protein and that its chelating mechanism is carboxylate group to carboxylate group, while in the hen andChelonia, the acid mucopolysaccharide is combined with the protein and that its chelating mechanism is carboxylate group to amino group.
Unraveling the Interactions between Nanoparticles and Benzo[a]pyrene in Environmental Waters and Human Blood by Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Sun Hainan , Wang Yingying , Meng Xiangan , Hu Manman , Yan Xin
Published: September 2023

The microscopic interactions between nanoparticles with different physicochemical properties and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in environmental waters and human blood are still unknown. By using dissipative particle dynamics method, we found that the interaction parameter between beads in nanoparticles and BaP (aNP) can dictate the dispersion state of them in water and the distance between protein corona and nanoparticles in simulated human blood. Moreover, blood proteins reduce the number of BaP adsorbed on nanoparticles when aNP ≤ 25 and increase the number of BaP when aNP > 25. These findings provide detailed interaction information of combined pollutants at microscopic level.
Born in Bradford’s Better Start (BiBBS) interventional birth cohort study: Interim cohort profile
Authors: Dickerson Josie , Bridges Sally , Willan Kathryn , Kelly Brian , Moss Rachael H. , Lister Jennie , Netkitsing Chandani , Atkinson Amy L. , Bird Philippa K. , Uphoff Eleanora P. , Mason Dan , Newsham Alex , Waiblinger Dagmar , Razaq Rifat , Ahern Sara , Bryant Maria , Blower Sarah L. , Pickett Kate E. , McEachan Rosemary M. , Wright John
Published: September 2023

Background: The Born in Bradford’s Better Start (BiBBS) interventional birth cohort study was designed as an innovative cohort platform for efficient evaluation of early life interventions delivered through the Better Start Bradford programme. There are a growing number of interventional cohorts being implemented internationally. This paper provides an interim analysis of BiBBS in order to share learning about the feasibility and value of this method.

Methods: Recruitment began in January 2016 and will complete in December 2023 with a target sample of 5,000 pregnancies. An interim analysis was completed for all pregnancies recruited between January 2016 and November 2019 with an expected due date between 1st April 2016 and 8th March 2020. Descriptive statistics were completed on the data.

Results: Of 4,823 eligible pregnancies, 2,626 (54%) pregnancies were recruited, resulting in 2,392 mothers and 2,501 children. The sample are representative of the pregnant population (61% Pakistani heritage; 12% White British; 8% other South Asian and 6% Central and Eastern European ethnicity). The majority of participants (84%) live in the lowest decile of the Index of Multiple Deprivation, and many live in vulnerable circumstances. A high proportion (85%) of BiBBS families have engaged in one or more of the Better Start Bradford interventions. Levels of participation varied by the characteristics of the interventions, such as the requirement for active participation and the length of commitment to a programme.

Conclusions: We have demonstrated the feasibility of recruiting an interventional cohort that includes seldom heard families from ethnic minority and deprived backgrounds. The high level of uptake of interventions is encouraging for the goal of evaluating the process and outcomes of multiple early life interventions using the innovative interventional cohort approach. BiBBS covers a period before, during and after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic which adds scientific value to the cohort.
The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) Consortium: Development of a non-typhoidal Salmonella controlled human infection model: Report from a consultation group workshop, 05 July 2022, London, UK
Authors: Smith Christopher , Smith Emma , Chiu Christopher , Hinton Jay , Perez Sepulveda Blanca , Gordon Melita , Choy Robert K.M. , Hill Peter W.S. , Meiring James E. , Darton Thomas C. , Carey Megan E. , Cooke Graham , Gibani Malick M. ,   CHANTS Consortium
Published: September 2023

Invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella disease (iNTS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally, particularly as a cause of bloodstream infection in children and immunocompromised adults in sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccines to prevent non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) would represent a valuable public health tool in this setting to avert cases and prevent expansion of antimicrobial resistance. Several NTS and combination typhoidal-NTS vaccine candidates are in early-stage development, although the pathway to licensure is unclear due to challenges in conducting large phase III field trials.

Controlled human infection models (CHIM) present an opportunity to accelerate vaccine development for a range of enteric pathogens. Several recent typhoidal Salmonella CHIMs have been conducted safely and have played pivotal roles in progressing vaccine candidates to pre-qualification and licensure. The Challenge Non-Typhoidal Salmonella (CHANTS) consortium has been formed with funding from the Wellcome Trust, to deliver the first NTS CHIM, which can act as a platform for future vaccine evaluation.

This paper reports the conclusions of a consultation group workshop convened with key stakeholders. The aims of this meeting were to: (1) define the rationale for an NTS CHIM (2) map the NTS vaccine pipeline (3) refine study design and (4) establish potential future use cases.
An Update to Converting Zip Code Data into Distances Using Microsoft Excel Geography Data Type, Maps, and Including Driving Distances
Authors: Huggins Eric , Guardiola Ivan
Published: September 2023

In the article “Converting Zip Code Data into Distances: A Case Study for Teaching Business Analytics” [Huggins E (2019) INFORMS Trans. Ed. 19(2):105–107], the author demonstrates how to convert a column of zip code data into approximate distances from a default zip code using standard Microsoft (MS) Excel functions and a zip code database. In this case article, we update that case in three specific areas. First, we explore using the relatively new MS Excel Geography Data Type that, in theory at least, eliminates the need to use the zip code database by accessing required information about each zip code directly from the web. Second, we show how to apply the MS Excel Maps feature to this data. Third, although the original article uses approximate straight-line distances, we show how to extract driving distances between two zip codes using public maps and an application programming interface with MS Excel’s =WEBSERVICE() function. Two of these updates are not as straightforward as one might hope: The Geography Data Type returns a significant number of errors and, although driving distances can be determined, there is no “easy” way to do so yet. We discuss these issues in the case teaching note.

Supplemental Material: The Teaching Note and data files are available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .
Writing Activities as Intervention for Improving Academic Achievement in Mathematics
Authors: Ann Dazel , A. Rodrigo
Published: September 2023

Much research in Mathematics instruction has focused on collaborative learning and differentiated instruction. However, very little research in the Philippines focused on utilizing writing activities as an instructional intervention. Even in Mathematics, a subject grounded in computations, this can be beneficial. By explaining how a problem is solved, or why a solution is erroneous, students will learn how the concepts may be applied in a deeper sense. Given the pandemic's limits and the Philippines' low-performance ratings in international assessments, there is a pressing need to develop innovations to continue learning. Hence, this study investigated whether writing activities are effective in improving academic achievement in mathematics classrooms. Using an explanatory sequential mixed methods design, the study involved selected Grade 8 students in a public school in Pasig City. The results of the quantitative data showed a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test scores of the experimental group as compared to the control. This was supported by the qualitative data which revealed that writing activities help understand the topics, remember concepts, and serve as a reviewer before an assessment. Overall, the study suggests that writing activities as an intervention in mathematics are effective in improving the student’s academic achievement.
Using the Aptitude Treatment Interaction Model Integrated Character Values to Improve Mathematical Story Problem Solving Skills for Fifth-Grade Students
Authors: Babo Rosleny , Syamsuddin Agustan
Published: September 2023

This study aims to describe the implication of the Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) model integrated with character values to increase the students’ skill in solving mathematics story problems. This study applied a quasi-experimental research type using a non-equivalent control group design involving two classes with 30 students each. Data was collected using a test instrument for solving mathematics story problem. Data were analyzed using n-gain descriptive statistical analysis to see the increase in students' skill in solving mathematics story world problems. The results showed that the average score of student's aptitude in solving mathematics story problems is 91.26 which is in the category of very high. There is an increase in the students’ ability with score of an n-gain of 0.77 which is in the category of high. In addition, the results of observations related to the implementation of learning model of the ATI with a percentage of 87.5% in the category of very good. Thus, the character-based ATI learning model can be used to increase the students’ skill in solving mathematics story problem. In addition, it accommodates the character of students who are concerned with learning mathematics so that learning goals can be achieved both from cognitive and attitudinal aspects.
A Correlational Study on Mobile Phone Addiction among University Students: Prevalence, Student Characteristics, Mobile Phone Use Purposes, and Situations
Authors: Çelik Berkan , Ataş Amine Hatun
Published: September 2023

Due to the notably increased penetration of smartphone use among university students and the alarming risk it poses to both physical and mental health, this study investigated mobile phone addiction among university students concerning student characteristics, mobile phone usage behaviors, and mobile phone use purposes and situations. The participants of this study were 600 university students, who were selected according to the convenience sampling method from different departments in Türkiye. The data were collected using the student characteristics form and the Mobile Phone Addiction Scale. The correlational research method was followed in the study. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that students clustered as addicted and non-addicted had different mobile phone use behaviors on account of daily smartphone use duration, internet use duration on a smartphone, and daily smartphone check frequency. Being a female at a lower grade level and using mobile phones mostly at night made students more vulnerable to mobile phone addiction. Additionally, the results indicated a significant positive moderate correlation between internet use duration, daily smartphone use duration, daily smartphone check frequency, and mobile phone addiction scores. Lastly, checking social media apps, messaging, and editing photos significantly contributed to mobile phone addiction scores. Among the mobile phone use situations, when getting bored, during lessons, when watching TV or movies, and when being alone significantly contributed to mobile phone addiction scores. This study provided a thorough discussion and a set of recommendations.  
Change in organism between first- and second-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection of knee arthroplasty independently associated with increased risk of failure
Authors: Walker Lucy C. , Clement Nick D. , Yapp Liam Z. , Deehan David J.
Published: September 2023

Aims

Achievement of accurate microbiological diagnosis prior to revision is key to reducing the high rates of persistent infection after revision knee surgery. The effect of change in the microorganism between the first- and second-stage revision of total knee arthroplasty for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) on the success of management is not clear.

Methods

A two-centre retrospective cohort study was conducted to review the outcome of patients who have undergone two-stage revision for treatment of knee arthroplasty PJI, focusing specifically on isolated micro-organisms at both the first- and second-stage procedure. Patient demographics, medical, and orthopaedic history data, including postoperative outcomes and subsequent treatment, were obtained from the electronic records and medical notes.

Results

The study cohort consisted of 84 patients, of whom 59.5% (n = 50) had successful eradication of their infection at a mean follow-up of 4.7 years. For the 34 patients who had recurrence of infection, 58.8% (n = 20) had a change in isolated organism, compared to 18% (n = 9) in the infection eradication group (p < 0.001). When adjusting for confound, there was no association when the growth on the second stage was the same as the first (odd ratio (OR) 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49 to 12.50; p = 0.269); however, when a different organism was identified at the second stage, this was independently associated with failure of treatment (OR 8.40, 95% CI 2.91 to 24.39; p < 0.001). There were no other significant differences between the two cohorts with regard to patient demographics or type of organisms isolated.

Conclusion

Change in the identified microorganism between first- and second-stage revision for PJI was associated with failure of management. Identification of this change in the microorganism prior to commencement of the second stage may help target antibiotic management and could improve the success of surgery in these patients.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(9):720–727.
Examining client-level outcomes and instruments in reablement
Authors: Tuntland Hanne , Doh Daniel , Ranner Maria , Guidetti Susanne , Zingmark Magnus
Published: September 2023

This chapter describes client-level outcomes used for evaluating reablement. The authors have examined outcomes and instruments used in empirical, clinical trials regarding reablement, and provide an overview of this. A literature review and a comparative analysis have been conducted to examine which client-level outcomes and instruments have been used in different countries across the world. An analysis including 18 studies deriving from nine countries has been conducted. In all, 12 categories of client-level outcomes were identified. Functional independence in ADL, physical functioning and health-related quality of life were the most frequently used outcomes. In all, a total of 40 instruments were used, of which the Barthel ADL Index, EQ-5D and TUG were the ones most frequently used.
Reablement as a cost-effective option from a health economic perspective
Authors: Zingmark Magnus , Tuntland Hanne , Burton Elissa
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses health-economic perspectives in reablement and describes evaluation methods such as cost analysis, cost-effectiveness, and cost-utility analysis. The aim is to provide a summary of existing evidence, and to discuss health economic perspectives of reablement from a clinical and future research perspective. Eight studies comparing reablement to conventional home care were included; four cost-analyses and four cost-effectiveness analyses; time horizons for follow-up varied from 6 weeks to a lifetime perspective.
The results indicated that reablement was the more cost-effective intervention in seven studies; in five studies reablement resulted in both larger effects and/or lower costs; in two studies reablement resulted in larger effects and larger costs within established cost-effectiveness thresholds. A summary of the existing evidence indicates that reablement is promising regarding cost-effectiveness compared to usual home care services, but the evidence base is limited; additional studies designed to capture health-economic perspectives over the long term are urgently needed.
Reablement and dementia
Authors: Rahja Miia , Thuesen Jette
Published: September 2023

This chapter discusses reablement in the context of dementia care and reviews research on reablement intervention programs specifically designed for individuals living with dementia. Dementia can be viewed in different ways, but perhaps the most important is that it should be recognised as a disability so that individuals with dementia could receive care that addresses both their health and social needs and applies a dialectic approach to living with dementia. Reablement in dementia care is a relatively new concept and can be beneficial. Intervention programs consist of strategies to address function related goals, promote activity engagement, consider behavioural and psychological symptoms related to dementia and include the individual’s social networks. However, several barriers to reablement exist, including stigma attached to the disease and limited health professional knowledge regarding dementia.
How can we help? Promoting autonomy-compatible help to reable older adults
Authors: Clotworthy Amy , Westendorp Rudi
Published: September 2023

Many high-income Western countries have been implementing reablement programmes in older people’s homes and community settings since the early 2000s. These programmes aim to enhance ageing adults’ independence and self-sufficiency as well as their social engagement. However, international research indicates that reablement services tend to focus on improving older people’s physical functionality – often while overlooking social participation – and the evidence for a positive effect on overall health, quality of life, and longevity is not consistent. But could reablement improve functional outcomes while also enhancing social engagement? The authors suggest that this would require a paradigm shift and a commitment to move beyond certain professional protocols. Specifically, rather than a linear approach to knowledge translation and transfer that focuses on functional outcomes and economic benefits, reablement professionals should provide ‘unhelpful help’. This messy, ‘open-system’ approach is central in providing autonomy-compatible help that supports social engagement and improves quality of life.
A cross-country reflection on empirical and theoretical learnings, challenges, and the way forward for reablement
Authors: Parsons John , Tuntland Hanne , Nelson Michelle , Westendorp Rudi , Rostgaard Tine
Published: September 2023

In this concluding chapter, a number of the authors reflect on the content of the book chapters, based on a facilitated online discussion. The chapter summarises the key learnings and messages from the book and, using quotes from the discussion, illustrates the potential implications for reablement practice and research. Moreover, the editors reflect in the conclusion over the key issues discussed in the book, learning points and the way forward.
Regulatory impact analysis: The experience of policy analysis in the Korean central government
Authors: Kim Song June , Ha Sun Gwon
Published: September 2023

This chapter explores Korean regulatory impact analysis (KoRIA) as part of the experience of policy analysis in the central government with discussions of the evolutionary process and relevant issues. KoRIA was introduced in 1998 to improve regulatory quality and curb the creation of unreasonable regulations, requiring the central government to conduct impact analysis when submitting new or strengthened regulations. It is intended to identify the purpose of regulations, review policy alternatives and examine the impact of regulations on society through elaborate cost benefit analysis. This contributes to maximising the net social benefits of government regulations for regulatory reform in Korea.
Wicked issues: a faith-based perspective
Authors: McCombe Drew , Pallant Dean , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

The report Levelling Up Our Communities: Proposals for a New Social Covenant (Kruger, 2020) recognised that many of our public services, including the modern health, education and probation service systems, have their origins in Christian institutions. Prior to the establishment of the welfare state in 1946, independent charities provided social support for people in need. The work and research of 19th century social reformers, including William Booth (1829–1912), the founder of The Salvation Army in 1878, which now operates in more than 130 countries, were concerned with the social evils causing distress in individuals and families in the 19th century.
The Salvation Army, a church and charity, is a multi-issue community-based faith-based organisation that has developed innovative approaches to welfare reform and debt advice, unemployment, human trafficking and modern slavery, homelessness, supporting people with drug and alcohol problems in the community, children and youth priorities and providing for older people’s care.
Case study: Central England Co-operative society
Authors: Olly Luke , Gallimore Hannah , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

Central England Co-operative is one of the largest independent co-operative retailers in the UK, with gross sales of more than £1 billion, over 400 trading outlets, a family of around 8,600 colleagues and more than 330,000 regular trading members.
Relational procurement: translating lessons learned from large infrastructural projects
Authors: Bresnen Mike , Lennie Sarah-Jane , Marshall Nick , Smith Richard
Published: September 2023

Decades of experience with delivering large-scale infrastructure projects through a partnering approach provides valuable lessons to be learned about the antecedents, processes, outcomes and possibilities associated with public–private partnering. However, that rich experience has also provided considerable insight into the challenges of developing and embedding relational contracting in practice. Drawing upon established research on partnering in major infrastructure projects, this chapter elaborates on and explores those challenges and examines how they may unfold in the context of public–private collaboration designed to address wicked social and cultural issues. Emphasis is placed upon understanding the organisational cultural antecedents of partnering and how these may evolve as collaborative relationships are established and develop between organisations that straddle the public–private divide.
Rural Poverty Today
Authors: Shucksmith Mark , Glass Jayne , Chapman Polly , Atterton Jane
Published: September 2023

Rural Poverty Today investigates why and how people in rural Britain experience (and negotiate) poverty and social exclusion. It examines the roles of societal processes, individual circumstances and diverse sources of support (markets, state, voluntary and community organisations, family and friends) while also examining the role of place. This is the first major study of rural poverty in Britain since the financial crisis and subsequent austerity policies, the Brexit referendum and the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. This book presents evidence that, while poverty is perceived as a predominantly urban problem, many people living in rural areas also face hardship. A 2018 FCA report revealed that 54 per cent of rural households are financially vulnerable, and other recent studies show rural citizens are harder hit by the cost of living crisis. Much rural employment is insecure and poorly paid, leading to volatile and irregular incomes. It is difficult to find affordable housing, connectivity is poor and fuel poverty is widespread. Yet the UK’s welfare system is poorly adapted to rural areas, with increasing conditionality and delays leading growing numbers into debt, hardship and recourse to foodbanks. Voluntary organisations have provided crucial support to many, despite challenges of reach into rural areas and funding pressures, while services are increasingly centralised or digitalised. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated many of these pressures, while also raising awareness of rural poverty and suggesting solutions. The study distils these findings into a series of policy challenges and suggests actions to help address these.
Practical implications of researching and writing differently
Authors: Boncori Ilaria
Published: September 2023

This last chapter will consider practical ways in which scholars who are interested in researching and writing differently can engage with it from the very beginning of their research journey. First, the chapter provides some reflection on the meaning of failure in the context of academia, researching and writing differently. Caring spaces and collective practices around writing differently are presented as ways to foster growth and community building. Practical aspects of researching and writing differently are also highlighted in relation to the experience of doctoral students and early-career researchers, starting with reflections on writing a doctoral study differently and publishing (journal articles, chapters and books). Finally, the chapter presents reflections on the impact that researching and writing differently can have on scholars themselves, before offering some concluding thoughts on the key points discussed in the book.