bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral leukoplakia transplanted to nude mice
Authors: HOLMSTRUP P. , DARBELSTEEN E. , ROED‐PETERSEN B.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Thirtyi‐eight biospsies of homogeneous oral leukoplakias were transplanted to subcutaneous sites of mude nice and protected from overlysing curaneous tissue by Millipore® filters. The transplants were recovered after 21 d with a rate of successful recovery of 66%. The histologic epithelial features of the transplants were compared with those of the originall leusopakias, whereas all 10 transplants demonstrating loss of keratimization belonged to patients with tobacco habits. This difference in behaviour of transplanted leukoplakias from patients with and from patients without tobacco habits was satistically significant (P=0.028), The results of the experimental study support the concept of two different types of leukoplakia, one possessing irreversible changes in epithelial keratinization, the other showing reversivbility.
Clinical finding during the course of temporomandibular arthropathy
Authors: RASMUSSEN OLE COLLIN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – During the painful phases of temporomandibular arthropathy, the mobility is restrictedm pain is present in the affected joint on maximal horizontal movement, and the joint capsule and masticatory muscles are tender. As the joint pain ceases, mobility improves and crepitation may appear. Crepitation is the most frequent finding in patients with lasting symptoms. Contralaterally, the muscular reaction is less impressive and of shorter duration, TMJ clicking may appear contralaterally as the symptoms of arthropathy disappear. The main change in signs takes place as pain disappears. However, signs still change year after debut of arthropathy.
Bond strength of porcelain to dental alloys – an evaluation of two test methods
Authors: ÖILO G. , JOHANSSON B. , SYVERUD M.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Two methods for measuring shear strengh of the porcelain‐metal interface, a rod/disk‐push test and a cube/cube‐push test, were compared using the same metals and porcelain material. Both types of specimen showed evidence of complex stress distribution at the interface during loading and fracture line located mainly in the opaque porcelain layer. Both methods were thusmainly a test of the “strength” of the porcelain at the interface. The “Bond strength values” obtained with the rod/disk specimen seemed to depend on the geometry of specimen and the values obtained with the cube/cube specimen scemed to depend on the quality of the porcelain work. It seem questionable whether “bone strenghth values” as obtained with these two methods can be the basis for requirenments in a standard for porcelain‐metal systems.
Qualitative changes in saliva composition after short‐term administratio of imipramine and zimelidine in healthy volunteers
Authors: VON KNORRING LARS , MÖRNSTAD HAKAN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Ten healthy volunteers participated in a double‐blind, controlled, randomized, cross‐over trial, where the effects of te antidepressan: drugs imipramine (75 mg/day) and zimelidine (100 mg/day and 200 mg/day) on saliva secretion rate and saliva composition were tested. The saliva secretion decreased and qualitative changes were found. Imipramine (75 mg/day) and zimelidine (200 mg/day), but not zimelidine (100 mg/day), increased buffer capacity and the components of the salivary glycoproteins (sialic, fucose, hexoses). Total proteins, amylase, secretory component and electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca++, PO43‐) did not change significantly.
In vitro epithelial cell outgrowth from oral leukoplakia
Authors: SHULER C. F. , ROED‐PETERSEN B. , REIBEL J.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The appearance of an epithelial cell outgrowth in vitro from biopsies of oral leukoplakia is compared with the histologic appearance of the lesson. Tissue samples from oral leukoplakia of 20 patients were cultured wit te histologic appearance of hte lesion. Tissue samples from oral leukoplakia of 20 patients were cultured to allow the outgrowth of populations of epithelial cells. Adjacent tissue within the lesions was fixed for routine histology. Epithelial cell outgrowth was successful from biopsies possessing the histologic characteristics hyperkeratosis (14 of 20 cases), altered epithelial thickness (14 of 19 cases) and increased mitotic activity (1 of 4 cases). No epithelial cell outgrowth was observed from leukoplakia tissue possessing signs of epithelial dysplasia (0 of 2 cases).
Bond strength of new ionomer cements to dentin
Authors: ÖILO GUDBRAND
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The bond strength of two glass ionomer and two polycarboxylate cements to dentin was compared in vitro. The results showed that a new luting type of the glass ionomer cements had an increasing bond strength, with increasing storage time in water. After 3 d the values were comparable to those obtained for the polycarboxylate cements. It was also shown that the breakage of bond was due to a cohesive failure of the cements. The glass ionomer cements seem to be sensitive to moisture during setting.
NH4C1 and protein metabolism in human gingival fibroblasts
Authors: HELGELAND KRISTEN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The biologic effect of ammonia was studied in cultures of fibroblasts isolated from human gingiva. NHCI in the range 2–20 mu was found to exhibit a concentration dependent growth inhibitory effect, with a delayed action wllich was most pronounced at low concentrations. Concomitant with the growth inhibitor)’effect a significant cellular accumulation of protein was evident. No effect on protein synthesis in general, as measured by G‐protine incorporation, was found, whereas some inhibitory effect on collagen biosynthesis was indicated. Secretion of C‐collagen and other labeled proteins was not affected. The only pronounced effect of ammonia on metabolism of the l4C‐labeled proteins was an inhibition of the intracellular degradation of newly synthesized collagen, the lysosomes being suggested as the site for this degradation.
Ratio of alpha‐l‐antitrypsin to transferrin in gingival fluid and in blood from patients with periodontal disease
Authors: ASMAN BJÖRN , BERGSTRÖM KURT , SÖDER PER‐ÖSTEN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – In 30 men and 29 women the mean gingival exudate ratio alpha‐l‐antitrypsin (A,AT)/transferrin (Tr) was higher than the mean blood ratio for A,AT/Tr, when determined by double electroimmunoassay. It suggests that A,AT penetrates the tissues more easily than transferrin probably due to its smaller molecular size or that migration into the extracellular space occurs due to consumption by proteolytic enzymes. The gingival exudate ratio and the blood ratio for AtAT/Tr were not related to periodontal disease when considered separately. However, the difference between the exudate ratio and the corresponding blood ratio was significantly less (P= 0.02) for individuals with periodontal disease. This suggests that the ratio difference is of importance in the destruction of tooth‐supporting collagen fibers.
Epithelial outgrowths from human buccal mucosa transplants in nude mice
Authors: HOLMSTRUP P. , DABELSTEEN E. , STOLTZE K. , WORSAAE N.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The histologic features of epithelial outgrowths from transplants of human buccal mucosa in nude mice are described. Ninety‐six samples of normal buccal mucosa were transplanted to subcutaneous sites in the flank region of nude mice. The tissue specimens were maintained in the mice for periods ranging from 1 to 67 d and were protected from overlying murine cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue by polyethylene capsules or by Millipore® filters. The epithelial outgrowths from the transplants were formed over murine connective tissue, with and without substantial infiltrate of neutrophils, and over Millipore filter with and without interjacent murine connective tissue. The stratified: squamous epithelium was essentially unkeratinized and thinner than that overlying originally transplanted connective tissue. The histologic features of the outgrowths were similar irrespective of the technique used or the type of underlying tissue.
Distribution of blood group nantigens A, B and H in ameloblastomas
Authors: VEDTOFTE POUL , DABELSTEEN ERIK
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The histologic distribution of blood group antigens A, B and H was examined in ameloblasromas and normal mucosa from 15 patients. The blood group antigens were demonstreated with a semiquantitative immunofluorescence staining method. Blood group antigens A and B were absent in the semiquantitative immunofluorescence staining method. Blood group antigens A and B were absent in the ameloblastomas, whereas the spinous cells of the oral mucosal epithelium showed a positive reaction in correspondence with the patient's blood group. Blood group antigen H was demonstrated in 14 of 15 from these patients blood group antigen H in all cases was located to the cell membranes of the spinous cells. The present findings suggest that a difference in ability to synthesize blood group antigen H and the blood group antigens A and B exists in the amelobiastoma.
X‐ray diffraction patterns in human dentin, enamel and synthetic apatities related to Zn concentration
Authors: LAPPALAINEN ROLE , KUUUTTILA MATTI
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The Crystalliazation of human dentin and enamel containing different concentrations of Zn was Studied using X‐ray diffraction analysis. The concentrations of Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Go, Ni, Sr and Pb in the samples were determined by atomic absorption apectrophotomelry. The concetration foF was Assayed with a combination fluoride electrode. The increase of the Zn ceoncentration (ug/g) from 150 to 572 in dentin was found to intensify apatite refectins indicating changes paralled to c‐axis.A slight increase parallel to a‐axis (or better crystallization) of latices was demonstrated in both dentin and enarnel. The increase of Zn concentratin from 164 ug/g inenamel weakened 002 and 112 reflections. The effect of Zn on the crystallinitv of svnthetic apatite drepareda at 37°C was of the same kind as its effect onthe dentin.
Microbial analyses of dental plaque of monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) using fluorescent antibody techniques
Authors: EMILSON C. G. , BOWEN W. H.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Selected microbial components in supragingival dental plaque from recently captured monkeys were determined. Using specific fluorescent antibody (FA) conjugates S. sanguis was found to constitute an average of 11.8% of all cells. The population of Actinomyees accounted for 20.7% (range 5‐31) with A. viscosus and A. naeslundii as predominant species. Few lactobacilli were encountered. S. mutans was not detected in any specimens when examined by culture and FA.
Enzyme histochemical studies of induced heterotopic cartilage and bone formation in guinea pigs with special reference to acid phosphatase
Authors: NILSEN R. , MAGNUSSON B. C.
Published: October 2007

Abstract— Heterotopic bone and cartilage formation was studied in a bone induction model in abdominal muscles of guinea pigs using demineralised allogenic dentin as inductive material. The light microscopic study showed high activity of acid phosphatase (AcP) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) in young matrix‐producing cells. The highest activity was seen in cells surrounded by unmineralized matrix. In the surrounding matrix there was strong staining of AcP, especially in matrix with high glycosaminoglycan content. Electron microscopic studies of AcP in sections from unfixed frozen tissue showed intracellular activity mainly located in lysosomes. Extracellular AcP activity was found in matrix vesicles in the newly formed hard tissue. It was most pronounced in areas of cartilaginous differentiation. By means of energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis in a scanning transmission electron microscope, the deposits were confirmed to contain, lead precipitates. With the exception of some lysosomal staining, prefixation with formaldehyde prevented demonstration of the enzyme activity. Both AcP and LAP may be involved in degradation of organic components of the matrix which enable the matrix to mineralize.
Oral fibrous hyperplasias containing stellate and multinucleated cells
Authors: REIBEL JESPER
Published: October 2007

Abstract – In an attempt to clarify whether the so‐called “giant‐cell fibroma” is a separate entity among fibrous hyperplasias and tumors, 1550 oral fibroas hyperplasias were reviewed for the presence of stellate and multinucleated cells. In 5% of the lesions stellate and multinucleated cells were a dominant feature of the histologic picture. A surprisingly high number of hyperplasias of the tuberosities (gingival fibromatoses) were found to contain the characteristic cells. (31%). On the basis, of the varying nature of the lesions and the range of ages at which the stellate and multinucleated cells are found, these lesions should not be regarded as neoplastik in nature or as belonging to a separate entity. Furthermore, based on differences in fiber pattern and localization of the characteristic cells, it is suggested that the stellate and multinucleated cells are active cells, possibly involved in uie synthesis of collagen and/or ground substance.
Status and treatment of denture stomatitis patients: a 1‐year follow‐up study
Authors: BERGENDAL TOM
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The material comprised 48 patients, 19 exhibiting atropiiic and 29 hyperplastic denture stomatitis. Twenty‐seven patients with healthy mucosa served as a reference group. Past history, resilience of the mucosa, denture function and scores of palatal erythema, plaque and yeasts were recorded. The therapeutic program included new dentures, surgical and nystatin treatment, hygienic instruction and nutritional advice. The results concerning past history showed significantly more smokers, more patients with recurrent urinary tract infections in combination with prolonged antibiotic therapy, and more patients wearing their dentures at night in the denture stomatitis group. Nystatin treatment did not affect the healing of palatal erythema evaluated after 1 year. The treatment program evaluated after 1 year resuhed in complete healing of the rnucosa in 50% of patients. The remaining 50% had persisting erythema of varying intensity. The unhealed cases showed significantly more yeasts and. plaque on the denture base compared to the healed patients and the reference group. An evaluation of factors common to failure of healing is presented.
Effect of casting methods on accuracy of peridental restorations
Authors: FINGER WERNER , KOTA KOHICHI
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The present study has shown that the accuracy of peridental gold alloy castings depends 1) on the type of casting machine used, 2) on the diameter of the casting sprue, and 3) on the strength properties of the investment material. The dependence between the accuracy and the three factors mentioned is based on erosion of the investment mold by the inflow of the liquid casting alloy. The vacuum casting technique proved to be a more gentle casting method than centrifugal and vacuum/pressure techniques.
Relationship of inorganic pyrophosphatase and p‐nitrophenylphosphatase activities of alkaline phosphatase in the microsotnal fraction of isolated odontoblasts
Authors: GRANSTRÖM GÖSTA
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Some properties of inorganic pyrophosphatase (PP, ase EC 3.6.1.1.) and p‐nitraphenylphosphatase (p‐NPPase EC 3.1.3.1) in the microsomal fraction of odontoblasts were investigated. The ratio of Mg2+ : p‐NPP and Mg2+ : PPi for optimal enzyme activities was 1:1. A mutual substrate competition for PPiase and p‐NPPase was described. In the presence of O.I mM EDTA, Mg2+ alone was not able to reactivate p‐NPPase or PPiase. Instead, Zn2+ and Co2+ reactivated the PPiase, indicating they might act as cofactors for the enzyme. Mg2+ increased the PPiase activity, probably because Mg PPi2‐ was the true substrate for the enzyme. The diphosphonates ethane‐1‐hydroxy 1,1 dipiiosphonate (EHDP), methane diphosphonate (MDP) and dichloromethane diphosphonate (CI2MDP) inhibited the PPiase activity.
Microscopical analysis of fractured restorative resin/etched enamel bonds
Authors: ZIDAN OMAR , ASMUSSEN ERIK , JORGENSEN KNUD DREYER
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The purpose of the present work was to analyze the boundary structures of fractured restorative resin/etched enamel bonds. The fracture patterns were studied by scanning electron and opdeal microscopy. The three main types of failure observed were classified as: apparent interfacial failure, failure in the bulk of the restorative resin and failure in the bulk of the enamel. The fracture of the resin/etched enamel bond in the case of the apparent interfacial failure was located in the resin very near the interface. No true interfacial debonding occurred in any of the bonds studied.
Streptococcus mutans in plaque and saliva after mouthrinsing with SnF2
Authors: SVANBERG MONA , RÖLLA GUNNAR
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Mouthrinses with SnF2 in 11 subjects significantly reduced (P<0.01) the total colony forming units (CFU) count and the numbers of Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis in plaque. The numbers of S. mutans and S. sanguis were significantly more reduced than was the total CFU count. After rinsing with SnF2 S. sanguis was present in 97% and S. mutans in only 42% of plaque samples from tooth surfaces where they were detected after rinsing with water. SnF2 also significantly reduced (P<0.01) the number of S. mutans in saliva. Mouthrinses with NaF did not markedly affect the number of S. mutans either in plaque or in saliva.
Drug addicts and local analgesia ‐effectivity and general side effects
Authors: SCHEUTZ FLEMMING
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The frequency of successful analgesia and the frequency of general side effects during dental treatment of previous and present drug addicts were investigated in a controlled clinical study. A solution of xylocaine/adrenaline (20 mg/ml + 12.5 ug/ml) was used in a dose of 1.5 ml for 88 mandibular blocks in order to test the frequency of analgesia. Successful analgesia was recorded only if the patient experienced no pain in the operative area. The number of side effects such as unrest, anxiety, sweating, pallor and palpitation was recorded during another part of the study. The frequency of successful analgesia was lower among the previous and present drug abusers compared to the control group and the difference was statistically significant. A statistically higher number of side effects was recorded in both experimental groups. The meed for a higher dosage of local analgesic and the higher number of side effects is attributed to the fear and anxiety among this particular group of patients. In tise light of these findings the significance for the management of drug addicts during dental treatment is discussed.
Human odontogenic keratocyst transplants in nude mice
Authors: VEDTOFTE P. , HOLMSTRUP P. , DABELSTEEN E.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Specimens from human odontogenic keratocysts were subcutaneously transplanted to nude mice. The transplants were harvested after 14–66 d with a rate of successful recovery of 87%. The histologic epithelial features in the original odontogenic keratocyst and their transplants were essentially similar. This included a well‐defined basal cell layer composed of columnar and cuboidal cells, the number of cell layers and die keratinization pattern. Epithelial outgrowths from the transplants were found in 19 of 26 cases. The outgrowths over murine connective tissue in the majority of cases were keratinized, but the phenotypic expression differed with respect to the shape of basal cells and number of cell layers.
Sucking habits and their relation to posterior cross‐bite in 4‐year‐old children
Authors: MODËER THOMAS , ODENRTCK LARS , LINDNER ANDERS
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Sucking habits and their relationship to posterior cross‐bite were studied in 4‐year‐old children (n = 588) living in the municipality of Huddinge on the outskirts of Stockholm. Previous or persisting sucking habits were registered for 88% of the children with dummy sucking as the dominating type (78%). At the age of 4 years 48% of all children still exhibited some form of sucking habit. The incidence of normal buccolingual occlusion steadily decreased in cases where sucking habits persisted. The increase in unilateral cross‐bite occurreoce was most pronounced in cases where the children continued sucking after 2 years of age. The variable “intensity of sucking habit” was significantly correlated to the occurrence of unilateral cross‐bite (P<0.05). From a dental point of view these results indicate that sucking habits in children should be brought under control by 2 years of age.
Circulating antibodies after experimental chronic infection in the root canal of teeth in monkeys
Authors: DAHLÉN GUNNAR , FABRICIUS LARS , HOLM STIG E. , MÖLLER AKE J. R.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Root canals of 49 teeth with necrotic pulp tissue in five monkeys were infected with Streptococcus faecalis ss liquefaciens, Actinornyces bovis, Fusobacteriam nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus anaerobiuS; and Bacteroidcs oralis in various combinations. After 6 months the root canals and the periapical tissues were subjected to radiographic., foacteriologic, and histologic examinations. Signs of periapical inflammation were radiographically registered in 41 teeth, most frequently in teeth inoculated with a mixed flora. In 11 out of 16 teeth infected separately with Strep, faecalis ss iiquefaciens, apical periodontitis was observed. Sera from the monkeys prior to and after the experimental inoculation were analyzed by means of gel diffusion, hemagghitination (HA), and complement binding test for antibodies against different antigen preparations of the homologous bacterial strains used for the inoculation. Detectable antibodies were seen with antigens of B. oralis in all five monkeys. Agglutinating antibodies were demonstrated with lipopolysaccharide‐antigen of B. oralis in titers between 1:40 and 1:320. A marked reduction of the antibody level against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen after mercaptoethanol treatment indicated that a main part of the antibodies registered was of IgM‐class. The study shows that certain antigens of bacterial origin from infected root canals, while affecting the periapical tissues, also stimulate the production of circulating antibodies.
Migration of leukocytes in dental pulp in response to plaque bacteria
Authors: BERGENHOLTZ GUNNAR , WARFVINGE JOHAN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Cell material from three different dental plaque bacteria (Actinomyces viscosus., Streptococcus raitis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcorriiitans) were studied for their capacity to induce leukocyte migration in the dental pulp of monkeys. Altogether five animals were used to provide 123 teeth for the study. The bacterial test materials were prepared from lyophilized sonicates of pure cultures of respective bacteria mixed with crystalline bovine serum albumin (BSA) 1:1 by weight. Immediately prior to use in the experiment saline was added to render the test material into a paste‐like consistency. Buccal Class V cavities were prepared in the monkey teeth leaving a thin remaining wall to the pulp. In these cavities, the test materials were enclosed for a period of 8 h. A set of control cavities received BSA alone. Placement of test and control materials were made before and after depleting the animals of serum complement by repeated injections of Cobra Venom Factor. Histologic examination of pulp tissue specimens showed that materials from two of the bacterial species (A. viscosus, Act. actinomycetemcomitans) consistently induced infiltrations of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in one to several cell layers underneath the test cavity. The material from S. irtitis seemed less potent and in 11 of 22 teeth no pulpal reaction was recorded. Inacrivation of complement with Cobra Venom Factor did not appear to affect the severity of the pulpal responses.
Follow‐up study of permanent incisors with complicated crown fractures after acute trauma
Authors: RAVN J. J.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Complicated fractures occur in 3.5% of acute traumatized incisors. A pulp exposure results in almost all cases in endodontic treatment. The present investigation evaluated the prognosis for the different types of endodontic treatments following complicated crown fractures. Only incisors with an observation period of more than 23 months are included; the material comprises 301 incisors. Pulp capping was successful in 90.5% of the cases. There was a clear tendency for a positive correlation between the stage of the root development and the success rate of trie endodontic treatment. In cases with pulpotomy ZnO/eugenol cement or calcium hydroxide was used as amputation material. The pulp reactions following the different treatments are discussed. If calcium hydroxide was used 90% was successful, while in cases with ZnO/eugenoi cement as. amputation material 8.9% developed necrosis of die pulp and 34.4% showed an undesirable reaction with formation of hard tissue barrier or obliteration. The healing frequency was 83.9% for teeth treated with pulpectomy but there was a clear correlation between the standard of the root filling and the success rate. For all three treatment groups there was a correlation between damage to the supportive tissue and treatment success.
Improvement of erosion resistance of a silicate cement by infrared radiation
Authors: BRUNE DAG , EVJE DAG
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Silicate cement specimens have been exposed to infrared radiation for the purpose of improving the erosion resistance. Exposure for periods of 3–10 min, corresponding to a surface temperature of about 60–70°C, resulted in a reduced phosphate release of about 3–5 times that of a non‐exposed group. the temperature distributions on the surface, as well as in a position 5mm beneath the surface, were measured with thermocouples during irradiation. A difference in temprature of about 20°C was registered between the surface and interior positions. the technique may be clinically exploited by exposing the restoration after insertion to a small infrared radiation source, available on the commercial market.
Transient reduction of Streptococcus mutans interdentally by chlorhexidine gel
Authors: KRISTOFFERSSON KATARINA , BRATTHALL DOUGLAS
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Chlorhexidine gel was applied interproximalJy with the intent to reduce Streptococcus mutans at these sites. Bacterial samples, were obtained using toothpicks, which were inserted in eachinterproximal space and then immediately pressed against agar plates, selective for S. mutans. Duplicate bacterial samples of non‐treated subjects showed that this method gave reproducible results. Using a split mouth technique, 10 subjects were exposed to short term chlorhexidine exposures of varied intensity. At the baseline sampling about 90% of the sites showed growth of S. mutans. One week after the chlorhexidine applications about 55% were infected. After 40 d S. mutans were back to about baseline levels except for the most intensively treated interproximals, which showed 75% infected sites. Thus, at many sites the reduction of S. mutans was only transient. Four subjects with more than 1 million S. mutans per ml saliva participated in a study where salivary andinterproximal levels of S. mutans were compared after a rinsing period with chlorhexidine lasting for 2 weeks. The effect of the rinses varied individually, but it was noted that several inter proximal spaces could be infected, even if the saliva numbers did not reach detectable levels of S. mutans.
Salivary gland function and changes in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: LUNDSTRÖM INGER. C. , GÖRAN K. , ANNEROTH B. , BERGSTEDT HANS F.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Saliva analysis, sialography and histopathologic examination of labial salivary glands were performed on patients with oral lichen planus. Diseases connected with salivary gland function were also recorded. Saliva analysis regarding secrection rate, pH and buffer capacity in unstimulated and stimulated saliva was permormed on 39 patients. 87% of the patients exhibired a low or very low unstimulated secretion rate, the mean value being 0.14 ml/min. The rate of stimulated saliva, pH and buffer capicity did not deviate from normal reference values. Sialographic examination was performed on 18 patients, corresponding to 36 major salivary glands. Radiologic changes were seen in 89% patients. Histopathologic examination was performed on 15 patients. Lymphocytic infiltration, acinar atrophy, fibrosis, fatty degeneration or ducral changes were observed in the minor glands of all patients. Different degrees of acinar atrophy were present in 93% of the patients. Lymphorytic infiltration was seen in 12 patients (80%) of whom three exhibited focal accumulation as in Sjögren's syndrome. Since decreased salivary secretion and symptoms of joint diseases and keratoconjunctivitis sicca were frequently present, over a third of the patients showed clinical signs comparable to those of Sjögren's syndrome. A high frequency of gastrointestinal and endocrine diseases was also recorded, which suggests that a general exo and endocrine influence may be present in patients with oral lichen planus.
Convenient instrument for oral galvanism measurements
Authors: LUNDMARK LARS , JOHANSSON BERIT , STENMAN EVERT , BERGMAN MAUD
Published: October 2007

Abstract – A new instrument has been developed suitable for making measurements of the potential and the polarization resistance of the metallic restorations in the oral cavity. An improved measuring electrode has been constructed. The equipment is convenient in clinical routine measurements.
Release of cobalt from cobalt chromium alloy constructions in the oral cavity of man
Authors: STENBERG TORSTEN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The release of cobalt from a cobalt chromium alloy construction with a major palatal connector (palatal strap) in the maxilla was determined for 10 test subjects. The concentration of cobalt in unstimulated whoie saliva and tongue scrapings was estimated 21, 14 and 7 di respectively before and 1,2, 3, 10, 20 and 30 d after insertion of the cobalt chromium alloy construction. The method used to quantify the cobalt content was nameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that the median cobalt concentration in saliva and tongue scrapings increased after the insertion of the cobalt chromium alloy construction, with the highest values occurring in the first 2 d after insertion. The tongoe scrapings, in general, showed higher cobalt median values than saliva did at all times of estimation. The sampling method described in the present study seems to be useful in long‐term investigations in man, where numerous sample collections in the oral cavity are required in order to determine metal content. The risk of negative biologic effects on the human organism caused by the cobalt released from die alloy is discussed.
Multiangular viewing of dental enamel in the SEM: a simple specimen holder system
Authors: RISNES STETNAR
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The specimen holder system described here has beet) found very useful when studying the three‐dimensional organization of dental enamel in the SEM, The system includes small brass cylinders on which die specimens are mounted. The cylinders can be placed both vertically and horizontally in a specially designed holder. With this holder and a tilling capacity of 45° all specimen aspects deviating as much as 135° from the top surface can be studied.
Effect of cadmium on calcium, magnesium and phosphorus content of rat molars
Authors: WESENBERG GRO B. RAMSTEN
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Eleven groups of Wistar rats, 10 animals in each group, received graded doses of GdC2 in the drinking water from conception until sacrifice at the age of 10 weeks. The Ca and Mg contents of whole molars as well as of enamel and dentin for each group were recorded by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). the inorganic P content of the control and three experimental groups was measured by colorimetry. Four molars from each of eight additional animals, four controls and four from the 22.5 parts/106 Cd group were ground transversely and subjected to X‐ray microanalysis. AAS analyses showed that the Ca level of whole molars increased significantly with Cd supply above 2.5 parts/106. the Ca content was significantly correlated with the Ca contents of the same teeth. The increased Ca seemed to be in the enamel. the Mg content decreased significantly with Cd doses below 12.5 parts/1066. this decrease seemed to be in dentin. the P level of the molars increased following Cd supply, but not significantly so. The X‐Ray spectra demonstrated that there were no significant differences between the Ca/Pratious of the two groups, either in enamel or in dentin. It is concluded that absorption of Cd alters the normal Ca, Mg and P levels in rat molars. This may reflect a disturbance of Ca, P and Mg metabolism in the organism generally.
Development of aggregating ability in cells of Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903 grown under glucose‐limiting conditions in continuous culture
Authors: ABAAS SALEEM , HOLME TORD
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Streptococcus mitis ATCC903 grown under glucose‐limiting conditions in continuous culture did not aggregate upon incubation in 10mM phosphate buffer at pH 5–7 unless a metabolizable sugar was added. aggregation started 45–50 min after the addition of glucose or sucrose whereas slowly metabolized sugars as gadlactose and lactose required several hours to cause aggregation. Active metabolism of the carbohydrate was a prerequisite for aggregation as indicated by acid formation. Chloramphenicol inhibited the development of aggregating ability in the presence of glucose or sucrose. The addition of a source of nitrogen (peptides and amino acids) enhanced aggregation and shortened the time for development of aggregating ability. No aggregation occurred at 0°C and the ability to aggregate was markedly delayed at 20°C as compared to 30°C. Trypsin treatment of the bacteria abolished aggregation, indicating that surface components of protein or glycoprotein nature contributed to the capacity to aggregate.
Effect of the α‐glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose, on disaccharide splitting enzymes in human dental plaque
Authors: FIEHN NILS‐ERIK , MOE DENNIS
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Inhibition of microbial enzymes in human dental plaque catalyzing the deavage of the disaccharides maltose, sucrose and lactose was carried out with the α‐glucosidase inhibitor, acarbose. The maltases from plaque homogenates were totally inhibited, whereas the inhibition of the invertases varied considerably. With increasing inhibitor concentrations, from 1 mM to 50 mM, the inhibition of the invertases increases. Prcincubation of 30 min of the plaque homogenate with inhibitor resulted in a 20% increase of the inhibition of invertase activity. The inhibitor showed non‐competitive inhibition of the invertases in the homogenates, whereas the maltases were competitively inhibited. The lactases were not inhibited at all. The invertases from human dental plaque may be α‐glucosidases and/or β‐fructosidases.
Predominant indigenous oral bacteria isolated from infected root canals after varied times of closure.
Authors: FABRICIOUS LARS , DAHLEN GUNNAR , ÖHMAN ALF E. , MÖLLER AKE J. R.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The pulps of 24 root canals, eight in each of three monkeys, were mechanically devitalized and exposed to the mouth flora for about 1 week and thereafter sealed. Microbiologic sampling and analysis was performed in 16 teeth (two of the monkeys) after 7 d of closure (initial samples). The teeth of the three monkeys represented observation times of 90, 180 and 1060 d. At the end of each observation period final samples were taken. Final sampling included samples from the main root canal, the dentin, and the apical region at the same sampling session. All microbiologic analyses were caried out quantitatively. Final root canal samples from the apical region showed a predominance of obligately anacrobic non‐sporulating bacteria, in fact 85–98% of the bacterial cells were anaerobic. The most frequently found species were bacteriodes and Gram‐positive anaerobic rods. alwer proportion of facultatively anaerobic bacteria was found. This was most pronounced for coliform rods in comparison with strains of B. melaninogenicus.
Comparison of effects of electromyographicbiofeedback and occlusal splint therapy on mandibular dysfunction
Authors: DAHLSTRÖM LARS , CARLSSON GUNNAR E. , CARLSSON SVEN G.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – In order to evaluate and compare the effects of biofeedback and occlusal splint therapy on mandibular dysfunction, 30 patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups. The patients were women aged 20–40 years without any obvious organic‐ reasons for their symptoms. There were no signiGcant differences between the two groups before the start of treatment in respect of signs and symptoms of mandifoiaiar dysfunction. One group used full coverage splints at night for 6 weeks. The other group received biofeedback training up to six times, 30 min per session. One month after completion of the therapy the patients were re‐examined. Both groups showed a significant reduction in symptoms, both subjectively and clinically. No significant differences between the groups were found. The two treatments were thus equally effective in the short‐term perspective in patients with signs and symptoms of mandibuiar dysfunction.
Effect of Saliinent® on parotid salivary glandsecretion and on xerostomia caused by Sjogren's syndrome
Authors: DONATSKY OLE , JOHNSEN TORSTEN , HOLMSTRUP PALLE , BERTRAM ULRIGK
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The stimulatory effect of a recently introduced saliva substitute (Saliment®) on the parotid salivary secretion was experimentally investigated in 10 healthy individuals without signs or symptoms of xerostomia and in 11 patients with xerostomia due to Sjogren's syndrome. Further, in 15 patients with Sjogren's syndrome, the effect of Salimem on the sensation of xerostomia was examined in a double‐blind clinical study with cross‐over. The use of Saliment was followed by a significant stimulation in the parotid salivary secretion (P<0.01) and die subjective sensation of xerostomia was significantly reduced (P<0.01).
Nickel allergy and nickel‐containing dental alloys
Authors: MAGNUSSON BERTIL , BERGMAN MAUD , BERGMAN BO , SÖREMARK RUNE
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Test pieces from five cobalt‐chromium casting alloys intended for use in removable partial dentures were attached to the skin of 10 women with known allergy to nickeL Patch tests were also performed with nickel and cobalt salts. Nine of the 10 women showed clear‐cut or strong patch test reactions to the alloy with 7% nickel, one patient also to one of the other alloys (7lt;1% nickel). In five patients with contact allergy reactions to both nickel and cobalt salts mild or marked responses to some of the other alloys were observed. Corresponding observations were made in three out of the five patients with contact allergy reactions to nickel salt but not cobalt salt.
Curing contraction of addition‐type silicone impression materials
Authors: OHSAWA MASAHIRO , JÖRGENSEN KNUD DREYER
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The curing contraction of addition‐type silicone impression materials was measured by the mercury bath method. The results point to a classification of this group of materials into the following two types: 1: materials with maximum 0.08% polymerization contraction at 22°C 15 min after mixing and maximum 0.03% contraction at 22°C during storage from 15 min to 24 h (Permagum®, President®, Reflect® and Reprosil®). 2: materials with more than 0.08% polymerization contraction at 22°C 15 min after mixing and significantly more than 0.03% contraction during storage at 22°C from 15 min to 24 h (Exaflex®, Xantogum®).
Indirect visualization of ameloblast modulation in the rat incisor using calcium‐binding compounds
Authors: JOSEPHSEN KAJ
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Rats were injected with Calcein® and killed l h, and 1, 2 and 3 days alter injection. Incisors were stained with glyoxal‐bis‐(2‐hydroxyanil) (GBHA) and the enamel surface examined in a fluorescence microscope with incident‐light excitation. In maturing enamel Calcein produced five fluorescent double bands across the long axis of the tooth. GBHA produced a series of single red stripes, each of which was imposed on a double Calcein band l h after injection. At longer intervals after injection GBHA stripes were seen to be gradually displaced in the apical direction from the Calcein double bands. Since GBHA is known to stain enamel adjacent to smooth‐ended ameloblasts this supports the view of a cyclic modulation of ameloblast morphology and function.
Effect of a sodium fluoride varnish on the progress of initial caries lesions
Authors: SEPPÄ LIISA , HAUSEN HANNU , TUUTTI HEIKKI , LUOMA HEIKKI
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Effect of applications of a sodium fluoride varnish, Duraphat®, on progress of initial caries lesions was studied in 11–13‐year‐old children. All 60 children included in the study had high caries activity and life‐long exposure to fluoridated drinking water. The varnish was applied semiannually using the half mouth technique, and annual clinical and radiographic examinations were made for 3 years. The treatment had little effect on the progress of initial caries lesions present before the first application of varnish. The progress of caries lesions formed during the study was inhibited more distinctly, and the difference between test and control side in the rate of progress of caries lesions was highly statistically significant. Use of fluoride varnish seems to help to prevent further development of early caries lesions.
A light microscopical and microradiographic study of coronal dentin in red deer with special reference to the occurrence of giant tubules
Authors: HALS EINAR
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The coronal dentin of red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) was studied by light microscopy and microradiography. The material consisted of incisors from 10 animals, 2½–6½ years of age. Sections in the long axes of the crowns in the buccolingual and mesiodistal planes were prepared, as well as transverse sections. A few crowns were also examined in toto. A system of giant tubules of the same type as in human dentin is described. It was, however, characterized by more regularity in the number and the morphology of the tubules. As in human dentin, the giant tubules extended from the border of the pulpal cavity and could be followed, though not continuously, through secondary and primary dentin almost to the incisal dentinoenamel junction. Up to 60 giant tubules could be counted in the mesiodistal axis of the dentin. Contrary to the situation in man, areas of interglobular dentin were abundant in the crowns.
Arrestment of caries in rats by adding fluoride and magnesium to the diet
Authors: LUOMA ANJA‐RIITTA , KOSKINEN MAARIT , LUOMA HEIKKI
Published: October 2007

Abstract – 90 weanling Osborne‐Mendel rats were divided into six groups of 15 animals each. Half of them received a modified MIT 200 control diet in which one third of the sucrose of the original formula was replaced by high‐extraction wheat flour, magnesium content reduced to 360 parts/106 and phosphorus content increased with NaH2PO4 2H2O to 0.49%. For the experimental diet, an additive containing 75 parts/106 fluoride (as NaF) and 50 parts/106 magnesium (as MgO) was mixed into the above composition. Each diet was given to three experimental or three control groups for 25, 40, or 55d. Caries involving dentin‐enamel junction was significantly reduced through the F + Mg addition by 37%, 51%, and 61% on the 25th, 40th, and 55th day, respectively. Caries involving dentin was significantly reduced by 58%, 68%, and 70%, respectively. Caries arrestment was observable in both the control rats and rats fed the F + Mg additive but in the latter animals the reduction meant an arrestment at a lower level than in controls. This arrestment resembles an early caries arrestment obtained recently in a clinical trial by fluoridation of dietary sugar products. The growth of the animals was only temporarily retarded by the additives.
Copper in human subgingival calculus
Authors: KNUUTTILA MATTI , LAPPALAINEN ROLF , RAJALA MATTI , MARKKANEN HELENA
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The Cu concentration as well as the Ca, Mg, Fe, Pb, Zn, and F concentrations were determined in subgingival calculus and the relation of Cu to Zn, Ca, Mg and Fe described. Samples of human subgingival calculus of 60 pieces from 60 subjects were ashed in an acid solution and the cation concentrations were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The F content was analyzed with an ion‐selective electrode. The data was analyzed using the multiple linear regression analysis. The mean ±SD of the Cu concentration in the subgingival calculus was 48.4 ±59.0 μg/g. Four elements, Zn, Ca, Fe and Mg, explained 41.1% of the Cu content. Zn explained 25.5% and the correlation was positive, whereas Ca (10.4%) had a negative correlation with the Cu content. The results showed such a high Cu content that it could affect the mineralization of calculus.
Adsorption of iron to saliva coated hydroxyapatite
Authors: NORDBÖ HAKON , ATTRAMADAL AUDUN , ERIKSEN HARALD M.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Saliva coated hydroxyapatite was used as a model to study iron adsorption to pellicle material. The uptake of iron was markedly influenced by its concentration in the medium. Denaturation of the protein film by chlorhexidine, tannic acid, or heating up to 70°C increased the adsorption significantly.
Oral state of children with epilepsy on treatment with sodium valproate
Authors: EEG‐OLOFSSON ORVAR , LUNDSTRÖM ÅSA , HAMP SVEN‐ERIK
Published: October 2007

Abstract – The aim of the study was, due to two recent reports about gingival and mucosal lesions, to survey the frequency of intraoral side effects in connection with sodium valproate treatment in epileptics. All patients on this drug treatment available at the University Hospital in Linköping, Sweden ‐ in all 10 children, aged 8–14 ‐ with absence seizures (simple petit mal), and treated for 1 to 4 yr, constituted a treatment group. Untreated age‐matched, newly diagnosed epileptics constituted a comparison group. In each individual the oral hygiene state, gingival and periodontal condition, mucosal condition, caries prevalence, saliva secretion rate, salivary buffer capacity and lactobacillus count were estimated. The results revealed no divergences in the treated as compared with the untreated individuals which could be regarded as intraoral side effects deriving from the drug treatment
Formation of the periodontal attachment in developing rabbit permanent incisors
Authors: GREVSTAD HANS J. , SELVIG KNUT A.
Published: October 2007

Abstract – Permanent incisors from fetal New Zealand white rabbits aged 25–30 days in utero and from 1–20 days postnatally were processed for light microscopy. Examination of longitudinal and cross‐sections revealed that cementum deposition and fiber attachment first occurred at 27 days in utero. A tooth‐to‐bone course of principal fibers confined to lateral aspects of the teeth was observed in 29‐day fetal incisors, whereas lingually the periodontal ligament remained undeveloped as late as 5 days postnatally. In 20‐day postnatal incisors, the development of the functional periodontal ligament was complete as evidenced by the fiber arrangement on all aspects of the root‐analogue tooth surface. This study shows that 25–26‐days fetal rabbit permanent incisors represent the end of the follicular phase, whereas 27‐day fetal to 20‐days postnatal teeth demonstrate distinct histologic characteristics of initial, incomplete and complete periodontal fiber attachment.