bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cycling and heart failure: A 2-sample Mendelian randomization
Authors: Zhou Jianwei
Published: March 2024

Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of mortality worldwide. Cycling, an aerobic exercise, is believed to have a more effective rehabilitative impact on patients with heart failure. Previous studies have demonstrated the benefits of exercise in patients with HF. However, a precise causal relationship remains unknown. Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was used to investigate the potential causal relationship between regular cardiac cycling and heart failure (HF) development. Data from the IEU OpenGWAS project, an extensive genetic study involving a diverse group of European males and females was used to determine how choices related to physical activity, such as cycling, impact cardiovascular well-being. To ensure reliability and robustness, the MR-Egger regression, weighted median, and random effects with inverse variance weighting methods were used. The key findings were summarized using odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The MR-Egger, weighted mean, and inverse variance weighted (IVW) estimated superiority ratios were 0.960 (95% CI: 0.909–1.013), 0.985 (95% CI: 0.962–1.009), and 0.982 (95% CI: 0.966–0.998), respectively, indicating a significant association between cycling and a decreased risk of heart failure. These findings suggest that cycling, a form of moderate and easily accessible physical activity, may be a protective factor against HF. These findings correlate with those of previous studies regarding the crucial role of regular physical activity for the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. The outcomes of this MR analysis can be used in the development of public health policies and aid individuals making lifestyle choices that promote heart health.
ABCA3 mutation-induced congenital pulmonary surfactant deficiency: A case report
Authors: Lei Chunxia , Wan Chunhui , Liu Caixia
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

Congenital surfactant deficiency, often caused by mutations in genes involved in surfactant biosynthesis such as ABCA3, presents a significant challenge in neonatal care due to its severe respiratory manifestations. This study aims to analyze the clinical data of a newborn male diagnosed with pulmonary surfactant metabolism dysfunction type 3 resulting from ABCA3 gene mutations to provide insights into the management of this condition.

Patient concerns:

A newly born male child aged 1 day and 3 hours was referred to our department due to poor crying and shortness of breath.

Diagnosis:

Primary diagnoses by the duty physicians were: neonatal pneumonia, neonatal respiratory failure, persistent neonatal pulmonary hypertension, birth asphyxia, myocardial damage, and arteriovenous catheterization. Genetic test revealed a compound heterozygous variant in the ABCA3 gene. One allele may be exon variant c.4561C>T, the second allele may be intron variant c.1896 + 2_1896 + 17del. The associated disease included pulmonary surfactant metabolism dysfunction type 3.

Interventions:

He was initially treated with an antiinfective therapeutic regimen.

Outcomes:

The family was informed of this condition and signed off, and the child died.

Conclusion:

Hereditary pulmonary surfactant deficiency is a rare and untreatable disease. The case highlights the challenges in managing congenital surfactant deficiencies and emphasizes the need for heightened awareness of this rare cause of infant respiratory failure.
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease associated with a flare-up of a leukocytoclastic vasculitis: A rare case report and review of literature
Authors: Sandakly Nicolas , El Koubayati Georgio , Sarkis Jeannette , Naderi Samah , Sebaaly Delivrance , Haddad Fady
Published: March 2024

Rationale:

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) also known as histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenopathy is an exceedingly rare cause of cervical lymphadenopathy, commonly accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, night sweats, myalgia, skin rash.

Patient concerns:

In this paper, we report the case of a 22-year-old female patient who experienced a flare-up of leukocytoclastic vasculitis that was complicated by the appearance of a cervical lymph node with dysphagia, fever and nausea.

Diagnosis:

Infectious and autoimmune workup came back negative.

Interventions:

Excisional lymph node biopsy was done and the pathology results were consistent with histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis in keeping with Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease.

Outcomes:

Patient improved on intravenous corticosteroids and was discharged on per os prednisone. Six month follow-up shows complete resolution of her symptoms.

Lessons:

KFD should be ruled out in patients with autoimmune or inflammatory diseases who develop lymphadenopathies.
Associations between gut microbiota and gynecological cancers: A bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Kong Youqian , Liu Shaoxuan , Wang Xiaoyu , Qie Rui
Published: March 2024

Growing evidence has suggested that gut microbiota is associated with gynecologic cancers. However, whether there is a causal relationship between these associations remains to be determined. A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) evaluation was carried out to investigate the mechanism associating gut microbiota and 3 prevalent gynecological cancers, ovarian cancer (OC), endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer as well as their subtypes in individuals of European ancestry. The Genome-wide association studies statistics, which are publically accessible, were used. Eligible instrumental single nucleotide polymorphisms that were significantly related to the gut microbiota were selected. Multiple MR analysis approaches were carried out, including inverse variance weighted, MR-Egger, Weighted Median methods, and a range of sensitivity analyses. Lastly, we undertook a reverse MR analysis to evaluate the potential of reverse causality. We sifted through 196 bacterial taxa and identified 33 suggestive causal relationships between genetic liability in the gut microbiota and gynecological cancers. We found that 11 of these genera could be pathogenic risk factors for gynecological cancers, while 19 could lessen the risk of cancer. In the other direction, gynecological cancers altered gut microbiota composition. Our MR analysis revealed that the gut microbiota was causally associated with OC, endometrial cancer, and cervical cancer. This may assist in providing new insights for further mechanistic and clinical studies of microbiota-mediated gynecological cancer.
Gastritis cystica profunda in an unoperated stomach mimicking a pyloric submucosal tumor and causing anorexia: A case report and literature review
Authors: Shimizu Seito , Hara Hitoshi , Muto Yasuhide , Kido Tomoki , Miyata Ryohei
Published: March 2024

Background:

Gastritis cystica profunda (GCP), commonly observed in remnant gastric anastomosis, is associated with developing gastric cancer.

Case:

This case report describes a patient with GCP in a previously unoperated stomach that mimicked a pyloric submucosal tumor and caused anorexia, which is rare in clinical practice.

Patient concerns:

A 72-year-old woman presented with loss of appetite and weight.

Diagnoses:

Gastroscopy detected a 20 mm diameter submucosal tumor near the pylorus. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging identified a cystic lesion, unlike a usual submucosal tumor in the stomach. The diagnosis was difficult, even with endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration.

Interventions:

Surgery was performed for diagnosis and treatment. The lesion was resected using a submucosal dissection technique after an incision of the gastric wall during open laparotomy. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of GCP and revealed no dysplasia or cancer.

Outcomes:

Anorexia resolved after the surgery. Residual or recurrent lesions were not detected during follow-up examinations performed 1 year after surgery.

Lessons:

GCP occurring in a previously unoperated stomach as a macroscopic lesion like a submucosal tumor causing some symptoms is rare. GCP is associated with a risk of developing cancer. Therefore, careful evaluation and management during treatment are required.
Research progress of traditional Chinese medicine monomer in treating diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A review
Authors: Xiaoqin Shi , Yi Tian , Xiaoyu Liu , Ya Bu , Jingwen Shui , Yin Liping
Published: March 2024

Diabetes peripheral neuropathy is one of the most common complications of diabetes. Early symptoms are insidious, while late symptoms mainly include numbness, pain, swelling, and loss of sensation in the limbs, which can lead to disability, foot ulcers, amputation, and so on. At present, the pathogenesis is also complex and diverse, and it is not yet clear. Western medicine treatment mainly focuses on controlling blood sugar and nourishing nerves, but the effect is not ideal. In recent years, it has been found that many drug monomers have shown good therapeutic and prognostic effects in the prevention and treatment of diabetes peripheral neuropathy, and related research has become a hot topic. To understand the specific mechanism of action of traditional Chinese medicine monomers in treatment, this article provides a review of their mechanism research and key roles. It mainly includes flavonoids, phenols, terpenes, saponins, alkaloids, polysaccharides, etc. By nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), the signaling pathways of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Nrf2/ARE, SIRT1/p53, etc, can play a role in lowering blood sugar, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, inhibiting cell apoptosis, and autophagy, promoting sciatic nerve regeneration, and have great potential in the prevention and treatment of this disease. A systematic summary of its related mechanisms of action was conducted, providing ideas for in-depth research and exploration of richer traditional Chinese medicine components, and also providing a relatively complete theoretical reference for clinical research on diabetes peripheral neuropathy treatment.
The Utility of Serum Alpha-fetoprotein for Monitoring for Relapse of Alpha-fetoprotein–Positive Hepatoblastoma
Authors: Davini Monica , Hastings Caroline , Feusner James
Published: March 2024

Hepatoblastoma is the most common liver malignancy in children. Treatment typically involves surgery and cisplatin-based chemotherapy. After therapy completion, children undergo repetitive surveillance imaging to screen for relapse, which occurs in <12% of cases. Monitoring for relapse has gradually shifted to serial determination of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) alone as most cases have AFP elevation at the time of relapse. Little primary data supports, such a practice, however, and herein we present both our institutional experience with relapsed hepatoblastoma and a careful review of published literature on this topic. While serial AFP monitoring may suffice for most patients, certain clinical characteristics should give pause to the practitioner, when considering posttreatment monitoring with serum AFP alone.
Contemporary management of patients with multiple rib fractures: What you need to know
Authors: Sarani Babak , Pieracci Fredric
Published: March 2024

Ten percent of all injured patients and 55% of patients with blunt chest trauma experience rib fractures. The incidence of death due to rib fractures is related to the number of fractured ribs, severity of fractured ribs, and patient age and comorbid conditions. Death due to rib fracture is mostly caused by pneumonia because of inability to expectorate and take deep breaths. Over the last 25 to 30 years, there has been renewed interest in surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF), known colloquially as “rib plating.” This review will present what you need to know in regard to triage decisions on whether to admit a patient to the hospital, the location to which they should be admitted, criteria and evidentiary support for SSRF, timing to SSRF, and operative technique. The review also addresses the cost-effectiveness of this operation and stresses nonoperative treatment modalities that should be implemented prior to operation.
Waitlist Outcomes for Exception and Non-exception Liver Transplant Candidates in the United States Following Implementation of the Median MELD at Transplant (MMaT)/250-mile Policy
Authors: Ishaque Tanveen , Beckett James , Gentry Sommer , Garonzik-Wang Jacqueline , Karhadkar Sunil , Lonze Bonnie E. , Halazun Karim J. , Segev Dorry , Massie Allan B.
Published: March 2024

Background.

Since February 2020, exception points have been allocated equivalent to the median model for end-stage liver disease at transplant within 250 nautical miles of the transplant center (MMaT/250). We compared transplant rate and waitlist mortality for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) exception, non-HCC exception, and non-exception candidates to determine whether MMaT/250 advantages (or disadvantages) exception candidates.

Methods.

Using Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients data, we identified 23 686 adult, first-time, active, deceased donor liver transplant (DDLT) candidates between February 4, 2020, and February 3, 2022. We compared DDLT rates using Cox regression, and waitlist mortality/dropout using competing risks regression in non-exception versus HCC versus non-HCC candidates.

Results.

Within 24 mo of study entry, 58.4% of non-exception candidates received DDLT, compared with 57.8% for HCC candidates and 70.5% for non-HCC candidates. After adjustment, HCC candidates had 27% lower DDLT rate (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.680.730.77) compared with non-exception candidates. However, waitlist mortality for HCC was comparable to non-exception candidates (adjusted subhazard ratio [asHR] = 0.931.031.15). Non-HCC candidates with pulmonary complications of cirrhosis or cholangiocarcinoma had substantially higher risk of waitlist mortality compared with non-exception candidates (asHR = 1.271.702.29 for pulmonary complications of cirrhosis, 1.352.043.07 for cholangiocarcinoma). The same was not true of non-HCC candidates with exceptions for other reasons (asHR = 0.540.881.44).

Conclusions.

Under MMaT/250, HCC, and non-exception candidates have comparable risks of dying before receiving liver transplant, despite lower transplant rates for HCC. However, non-HCC candidates with pulmonary complications of cirrhosis or cholangiocarcinoma have substantially higher risk of dying before receiving liver transplant; these candidates may merit increased allocation priority.
Tcf21 as a Founder Transcription Factor in Specifying Foxd1 Cells to the Juxtaglomerular Cell Lineage
Authors: Anjum Hina , Smith Jason P. , Martini Alexandre G , Yacu George S. , Medrano Silvia , Gomez R. Ariel , Sequeira-Lopez Maria Luisa S. , Quaggin Susan E. , Finer Gal
Published: March 2024

Renin is crucial for blood pressure regulation and electrolyte balance, and its expressing cells arise from Foxd1+ stromal progenitors. However, factors guiding these progenitors toward renin-secreting cell fate remain unclear. Tcf21, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor, is essential in kidney development. UtilizingFoxd1Cre/+;Tcf21f/fandRen1dCre/+;Tcf21f/fmouse models, we investigated the role of Tcf21 in the differentiation of Foxd1+ progenitor cells into juxtaglomerular (JG) cells. Immunostaining and in-situ hybridization demonstrated fewer renin-positive areas and altered renal arterial morphology, including the afferent arteriole, inFoxd1Cre/+;Tcf21f/fkidneys compared to controls, indicating Tcf21’s critical role in the emergence of renin-expressing cells. However, Tcf21 inactivation in renin-expressing cells (Ren1dCre/+;Tcf21f/f) did not recapitulate this phenotype, suggesting Tcf21 is dispensable once renin cell identity is established.

Using an integrated analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq) on GFP+ cells (stromal lineage) from E12, E18, P5, and P30Foxd1Cre/+;Rosa26mTmGcontrol kidneys, we analyzed the temporal dynamics of Tcf21 expression in cells comprising the JG lineage (n=2,054). A pseudotime trajectory analysis revealed that Tcf21 expression is highest in metanephric mesenchyme and stromal cells at early developmental stages (E12), with a decline in expression as cells mature into renin-expressing JG cells. Motif enrichment analyses supported Tcf21’s significant involvement in early kidney development. These findings underscore the critical role of Tcf21 in Foxd1+ cell differentiation into JG cells during early stages of kidney development, offering insights into the molecular mechanisms governing JG cell differentiation and highlight Tcf21’s pivotal role in kidney development.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY

This manuscript provides novel insights into the role of Tcf21 in the differentiation of Foxd1+ cells into JG cells. Utilizing integrated scRNA-seq and scATAC-seq, the study reveals that Tcf21 expression is crucial during early embryonic stages, with its peak at embryonic day 12. The findings demonstrate that inactivation of Tcf21 leads to fewer renin-positive areas and altered renal arterial morphology, underscoring the importance of Tcf21 in the specification of renin-expressing JG cells and kidney development.
Senolytic therapy preserves blood-brain barrier integrity and promotes microglia homeostasis in a tauopathy model
Authors: Yao Minmin , Wei Zhiliang , Nielsen Jonathan Scharff , Kakazu Aaron , Ouyang Yuxiao , Li Ruoxuan , Chu Tiffany , Scafidi Susanna , Lu Hanzhang , Aggarwal Manisha , Duan Wenzhen
Published: March 2024

Cellular senescence, characterized by expressing the cell cycle inhibitory proteins, is evident in driving age-related diseases. Senescent cells play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of tau-mediated pathology, suggesting that targeting cell senescence offers a therapeutic potential for treating tauopathy associated diseases. This study focuses on identifying non-invasive biomarkers and validating their responses to a well-characterized senolytic therapy combining dasatinib and quercetin (D+Q), in a widely used tauopathy mouse model, PS19. We employed human-translatable MRI measures, including water extraction with phase-contrast arterial spin tagging (WEPCAST) MRI, T2 relaxation under spin tagging (TRUST), longitudinally assessed brain physiology and high-resolution structural MRI evaluated the brain regional volumes in PS19 mice. Our data reveal increased BBB permeability, decreased oxygen extraction fraction, and brain atrophy in 9-month-old PS19 mice compared to their littermate controls. (D+Q) treatment effectively preserves BBB integrity, rescues cerebral oxygen hypometabolism, attenuates brain atrophy, and alleviates tau hyperphosphorylation in PS19 mice. Mechanistically, D+Q treatment induces a shift of microglia from a disease-associated to a homeostatic state, reducing a senescence-like microglial phenotype marked by increased p16/INK4a. D+Q-treated PS19 mice exhibit enhanced cue-associated cognitive performance in the tracing fear conditioning test compared to the vehicle-treated littermates, implying improved cognitive function by D+Q treatment. Our results pave the way for application of senolytic treatment as well as these noninvasive MRI biomarkers in clinical trials in tauopathy associated neurological disorders.
EEG biomarkers of α5-GABA positive allosteric modulators in rodents
Authors: Mazza Frank , Guet-McCreight Alexandre , Prevot Thomas D. , Valiante Taufik , Sibille Etienne , Hay Etay
Published: March 2024

Reduced cortical inhibition mediated by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is reported in depression, anxiety disorders, and aging. Novel positive allosteric modulator that specifically target α5-GABAAreceptor subunit (α5-PAM), ligand GL-II-73, shows anxiolytic, antidepressant, and pro-cognitive effects without the common side effects associated with non-specific modulation by benzodiazepines such as diazepam (DZP), thus suggesting novel therapeutic potential. However, it is unknown if α5-PAM has detectable signatures in clinically-relevant brain electroencephalography (EEG). We analyzed EEG in freely moving rats at baseline and following injections of α5-PAM and DZP. We showed that α5-PAM specifically decreased theta peak power whereas DZP shifted peak power from high to low theta, while increasing beta and gamma power. EEG decomposition showed that these effects were periodic and corresponded to changes in theta oscillation event duration. Our study thus shows that α5-PAM has robust and distinct EEG biomarkers in rodents, indicating that EEG could enable non-invasive monitoring of α5-PAM treatment efficacy.
Asymptotic safety in the Litim-Sannino model at four loops
Authors: Bednyakov A. V. , Mukhaeva A. I.
Published: March 2024

We consider a four-dimensional SU(Nc) gauge theory coupled to Nf species of color fermions and Nf2 colorless scalars. The quantum field theory possesses a weakly interacting ultraviolet fixed point that we determine from beta functions computed up to four-loop order in the gauge coupling, and up to three-loop order in the Yukawa and quartic scalar couplings. The fixed point has one relevant direction giving rise to asymptotic safety. We compute fixed-point values of dimensionless couplings together with the corresponding scaling exponents up to the first three nontrivial orders in Veneziano parameter ε, both for infinite and finite number of colors Nc. We also consider anomalous dimensions for fields, scalar mass squared, and a class of dimension-three operators. Contrary to previous studies, we take into account possible mixing of the latter and compute eigenvalues of the corresponding matrix. Further, we investigate the size of the conformal window in the Veneziano limit and its dependence on Nc.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Exotic potentials and Bianchi identities in SL(5) exceptional field theory
Authors: Gubarev Kirill , Musaev Edvard T.
Published: March 2024

Tensor hierarchy of exceptional field theories contains gauge fields satisfying certain Bianchi identities. We define the full set of fluxes of the SL(5) exceptional field theory containing known gauge field strengths, generalized anholonomy coefficients and two new fluxes. It is shown that the full SL(5) ExFT Lagrangian can be written in terms of the listed fluxes. We derive the complete set of Bianchi identities and identify magnetic potentials of the theory and the corresponding (wrapped) membranes of M-theory.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Coherent states in microwave-induced resistance oscillations and zero resistance states
Authors: Iñarrea J. , Platero G.
Published: March 2024

We investigate irradiated high-mobility two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) under low or moderated magnetic fields. These systems present microwave-induced magnetoresistance oscillations (MIRO) which, as we demonstrate, reveal the presence of coherent states of the quantum harmonic oscillator. We also show that the principle of minimum uncertainty of coherent states is at the heart of MIRO and zero-resistance states (ZRS). Accordingly, we are able to explain, based on coherent states, important experimental evidence of these photo-oscillations, such as their physical origin, their periodicity with the inverse of the magnetic field and their peculiar oscillations minima and maxima positions in regards of the magnetic field. Thus, remarkably enough, we come to the conclusion that 2DES, under low magnetic fields, become a system of quasiclassical states or coherent states and MIRO would be the smoking gun of the existence of these peculiar states in these systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Interca: an R library implementing “automatic” interpretation of results of multiple correspondence analysis (MCA)
Authors: Moschidis Stratos , Markos Angelos , Ioannidis Dimosthenis
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to develop a software-library in the R programming language that implements the concepts of the interpretive coordinate, interpretive axis and interpretive plane. This allows for the automatic and reliable interpretation of results from the multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) as previously proposed and published. Consequently, the users can seamlessly apply these concepts to their data, both via R commands and a corresponding graphical interface.

Design/methodology/approach

Within the context of this study, and through extensive literature review, the advantages of developing software using the Shiny library were examined. This library allows for the development of full-stack applications for R users without the need for knowledge of the corresponding technologies required for the development of complex applications. Additionally, the structural components of a Shiny application were presented, leading ultimately to the proposed software application.

Findings

Software utilizing the Shiny library enables nonexpert developers to rapidly develop specialized applications, either to present or to assist in the understanding of objects or concepts that are scientifically intriguing and complex. Specifically, with this proposed application, the users can promptly and effectively apply the scientific concepts addressed in this study to their data. Additionally, they can dynamically generate charts and reports that are readily available for download and sharing.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed package is an implementation of the fundamental concepts of the exploratory MCA method. In the next step, discoveries from the geometric data analysis will be added as features to provide more comprehensive information to the users.

Practical implications

The practical implications of this work include the dissemination of the method’s use to a broader audience. Additionally, the decision to implement it with open-source code will result in the integration of the package’s functions by other third-party user packages.

Originality/value

The proposed software introduces the initial implementation of concepts such as interpretive coordination, the interpretive axis and the interpretive plane. This package aims to broaden and simplify the application of these concepts to benefit stakeholders in scientific research. The software can be accessed for free in a code repository, the link to which is provided in the full text of the study.
Fuzzy causal model of enterprise flexibility dimensions using Fermatean Fuzzy DEMATEL: a case study of Indian pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Akhtar Mohammad , Asim Mohammad
Published: March 2024

Purpose

To develop a fuzzy causal model of enterprise flexibility dimensions in a case study of Indian pharmaceutical industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The eight dimensions of enterprise flexibility were identified based on literature review. Fermatean fuzzy decision-making trail and evaluation laboratory (FF-DEMATEL) technique is applied to develop the cause-and-effect interrelationship model among various enterprise flexibility dimensions.

Findings

The information technology flexibility, supply chain flexibility, technical flexibility and marketing flexibility are found to be causing/influencing other flexibilities and contributing to overall enterprise flexibilities. Therefore, more attention needs to be paid to develop and sustain them for competitive advantage.

Research limitations/implications

Fermatean fuzzy sets offer more flexibility and more accurate handling complex uncertain group decision making. FF-DEMATEL is a more accurate method to develop inter-dependencies and causal model than ISM, TISM. Ratings from the limited number of decision experts (DEs) from few pharmaceutical firms were done. Future study should take bigger sample of firms and more number of DEs to generalize the findings.

Practical implications

The model will help managers in pharmaceutical industry to prioritize the dimensions of enterprise flexibility to achieve agility, responsiveness, resilience and competitive advantage.

Originality/value

To the best knowledge of the authors, causal modeling enterprise flexibility dimensions using FF-DEMATEL has been studied for the first time in a developing economy context.
Drivers of corporate social responsibility initiatives among construction companies in Nigeria
Authors: Osuizugbo Innocent Chigozie , Oyeyipo Opeyemi Olanrewaju , Olojo Aduragbemi Deborah
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study investigates the drivers of CSR practices among construction companies in Lagos, Nigeria.

Design/methodology/approach

This research adopted a questionnaire survey to achieve the aim. A purposefully chosen group of managing directors, directors, other senior construction experts or management personnel working for small, medium and large-sized construction enterprises in Nigeria were given questionnaires to complete. 196 questionnaires were issued, out of which 103 were properly completed and returned, with a return percentage of 61% which served as the basis for this study. Utilizing both descriptive and inferential statistics, the collected data were examined.

Findings

The results from the study revealed that “vision of the founder”, “creating public attention”, “competitive advantage” and “business strategy” were the top most four drivers of CSR initiatives among construction companies in Lagos, Nigeria. The results also showed that, there is a statistically significant degree of agreement between various categories of construction companies in Lagos, Nigeria regarding the drivers of CSR initiatives.

Originality/value

The study contributes more effectively to CSR studies by highlighting the drivers of CSR initiatives in construction companies. The finding would facilitate the adoption and implementation of CSR initiatives in construction organizations. The adoption of best CSR practices fosters strong relationship among construction companies, project stakeholders and communities.
The convergence of Education 4.0 and Industry 4.0: a Twin Peaks model
Authors: Ahmad Ehsan
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This paper explores the convergence of Education 4.0 and Industry 4.0 and presents a Twin Peaks model for their seamless integration.

Design/methodology/approach

A high-level literature review is conducted to identify and discuss the important challenges and opportunities offered by both Education 4.0 and Industry 4.0. A novel Twin Peaks model is devised for the convergence of these domains and to cope with the challenges effectively.

Findings

The proposed Twin Peak model for the convergence of Education 4.0 and Industry 4.0 suggests that the development of these two domains is interdependent. It emphasizes ethical considerations, inclusivity and understanding the concerns of stakeholders from both education and industry. We have also explained how continuous incremental adaptation within the proposed Twin Peaks model might assist in addressing concerns of one sector with the opportunities of the other.

Originality/value

First, Education 4.0 and Industry 4.0 are reviewed in terms of opportunities and challenges they present. Second, a novel Twin Peaks model for the convergence of Education 4.0 and Industry 4.0 is presented. The proposed discovers that the convergence is adaptive, iterative and must be ethically sound while considering the broader societal implications of the digital transformation. Third, this study also acts as a torch-bearer for the necessity for more research of this kind to guarantee that our educational ecosystem is adaptable and capable of producing the skills required for success in the era of IR4.0.
Autonomy, competence and relatedness: how and why do artisan entrepreneurs act as responsible leaders?
Authors: Mousa Mohamed , Althalathini Doaa , Avolio Beatrice
Published: March 2024

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to answer the question: What stimulates artisan entrepreneurs to act as responsible leaders?

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative research method was employed and semi-structured interviews with 30 artisans working in four different artisanal activities were used to gather the data. Thematic analysis was subsequently applied to the interview transcripts.

Findings

The findings suggest that the main factors causing artisan entrepreneurs to act responsibly are as follows: autonomy (the authority artisans exercise in managing their businesses; preserving socio-cultural identity is an artisan’s main duty; proving an individual competency in implementing society-related priorities), competence (adhering to generally accepted business practices; simplicity of developing and maintaining the social agenda of artisan enterprises; meeting the clients’ desire in exercising a social awareness) and relatedness (returning social favours; necessitating involvement with different stakeholders; contributing to the common good).

Originality/value

This paper contributes by filling a gap in the literature on artisan entrepreneurship, responsible leadership and research in tourism and hospitality, in which empirical studies on the responsible practices of artisan entrepreneurs have been limited so far.
Design and characterization of 3D-printed TPU-based lattice structures. Application to methodology for the design of personalized therapeutic products
Authors: de la Rosa Sergio , Mayuet Pedro F. , Silva Cátia S. , Sampaio Álvaro M. , Rodríguez-Parada Lucía
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This papers aims to study lattice structures in terms of geometric variables, manufacturing variables and material-based variants and their correlation with compressive behaviour for their application in a methodology for the design and development of personalized elastic therapeutic products.

Design/methodology/approach

Lattice samples were designed and manufactured using extrusion-based additive manufacturing technologies. Mechanical tests were carried out on lattice samples for elasticity characterization purposes. The relationships between sample stiffness and key geometric and manufacturing variables were subsequently used in the case study on the design of a pressure cushion model for validation purposes. Differentiated areas were established according to patient’s pressure map to subsequently make a correlation between the patient’s pressure needs and lattice samples stiffness.

Findings

A substantial and wide variation in lattice compressive behaviour was found depending on the key study variables. The proposed methodology made it possible to efficiently identify and adjust the pressure of the different areas of the product to adapt them to the elastic needs of the patient. In this sense, the characterization lattice samples turned out to provide an effective and flexible response to the pressure requirements.

Originality/value

This study provides a generalized foundation of lattice structural design and adjustable stiffness in application of pressure cushions, which can be equally applied to other designs with similar purposes. The relevance and contribution of this work lie in the proposed methodology for the design of personalized therapeutic products based on the use of individual lattice structures that function as independent customizable cells.
Commentary on “developing an evidence base for behavioural interventions: a case study of the Headsprout® Early Reading programme”
Authors: Rizos Konstantinos
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to offer a commentary on Denne et al.’s (2024) article discussing the journey undertaken by the Sharland Foundation Developmental Disabilities Applied Behavioural Research and Impact Network to augment evidence surrounding the efficacy of the online Headsprout® Early Reading programme.

Design/methodology/approach

Drawing from over 15 years of professional experience as a qualified teacher in special education settings, the author reflects on the network’s approach and its alignment with their own expertise.

Findings

While acknowledging the commendable focus of the network on amassing additional evidence, this commentary underscores the importance of identifying barriers and fostering adaptability within the educational landscape. Central to the discussion is the imperative to prioritise students’ needs and tailor data collection methods to suit their unique contexts.

Originality/value

This commentary is aimed at professionals working in special education settings striving to improve their practice and student outcomes.
The impact of macroeconomic factors on the European travel and leisure sector: the context of Russo–Ukrainian war
Authors: Muddasir Muhammad , Borges Ana Pinto , Vieira Elvira , Vieira Bruno Miguel
Published: March 2024

Purpose

This study aims to address the macroeconomic factors effect on the travel and leisure (T&L) industry throughout Europe within the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war that have started on 24 February 2022. Specifically, top tourist destinations are analysed, such as Spain, France, Italy and Portugal, as well as Europe in general.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts the panel regression approach based on the data that is provided on a daily basis, and it covers a period of nearly 14 months, starting on 24 February 2022 and ending on 15 April 2023.

Findings

The findings indicate that the European T&L sector is impacted by macroeconomic variables. Namely, the T&L sector is significantly impacted by interest rates, geopolitical risk, oil and gas, whereas inflation has a muted effect, indicating a comparatively lesser influence on the dynamics of the industry. This research contributes to existing literature by providing one of the first quantitative analyses of how macroeconomic factors impact the European T&L business in the context of a geopolitical conflict.

Research limitations/implications

A study of the Russian–Ukrainian war may be limited by a number of research constraints. The continuing nature of the conflict, the lack of communication between the parties and potential political prejudice are some of these difficulties. Any research on the Russo-Ukrainian war should be done with these limits in mind.

Practical implications

Macroeconomic variables play a significant role on the T&L sector development; therefore, when designing resilience strategies, they need to be accounted for.

Originality/value

To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies to analyse how macroeconomic factors affected the European T&L business using a quantitative approach. The macroeconomic variables that were taken into account in this study included interest rates, inflation, oil and petrol prices, as well as the geopolitical risk index.
Enhanced parasitisation of caterpillars and aphids on field‐grown Brassica oleracea plants upon soil amendment with insect exuviae
Authors: van de Zande Els M. , Ojeda‐Prieto Lina , Markou Andreas , van Leemput Julia , van Loon Joop J. A. , Dicke Marcel
Published: March 2024

Multitrophic plant–insect interactions are mediated by plant volatiles. The emission of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles is influenced by environmental conditions, such as soil microbes and nutrient composition, with consequences for above‐ground trophic interactions. Here, we investigated whether insect exuviae in the soil alter the plant's volatile blend and attraction of parasitoids in the laboratory and whether this attraction also occurs in the field.

We studied the effects of soil amendment with exuviae originating from three insect species, Tenebrio molitor, Acheta domesticus and Hermetia illucens, on the proportion of parasitised Plutella xylostella caterpillars and Brevicoryne brassicae aphids in the field in three consecutive years. In the laboratory, we collected and analysed the volatile blend of amended plants infested with caterpillars or aphids. The attraction of the parasitoids Diadegma semiclausum and Diaeretiella rapae, respectively, towards these volatile blends was assessed in an olfactometer.

Our study shows that insect exuviae‐amended soil enhanced the proportion of parasitised herbivores of two species in the field. Relative amounts of several components of the plant volatile blend were affected by soil amendment. Soil amendment with Acheta domesticus or Tenebrio molitor exuviae resulted in an increased attraction of the two parasitoid species in the olfactometer.

Soil amendment with insect exuviae altered the plant volatile blend leading to enhanced attraction of parasitoids in laboratory assays. These effects were sustained under the complex and variable biotic and abiotic conditions in the field. Our results underline the importance of belowground processes, such as the decomposition of insect exuviae, on aboveground volatile‐mediated multitrophic interactions.

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Shifts in plant‐invertebrate interactions between wild and ex situ conservation populations of a critically endangered tree
Authors: Wang Shitong , Song Shuaishuai , Liu Jikun , Li Jiehua , Jiang Mingxi , Wei Xinzeng
Published: March 2024

Ex situ conservation is an effective approach to prevent the extinction of endangered species. Biotic interactions (e.g. herbivory and pollination) are critical to ex situ conservation success, including plant establishment, survival and reproduction. However, shifts in biotic interactions between wild and ex situ populations are still poorly understood.

We compared herbivory and pollination characteristics between the only wild population (WP) and three ex situ populations (LP, local population, nearby WP; NP, north population, ca. 850 km; and SP, south population, ca. 750 km) of a critically endangered tree species (Sinojackia huangmeiensis) to explore the latitudinal changes in plant‐invertebrate interactions.

Larvae of the Limacodidae family were the dominant herbivores in WP, LP and NP, while the only herbivore observed in SP was snail. Compared to WP, the leaf herbivory rate was unchanged in LP but decreased in NP and SP. Leaf defence traits (total phenols, tannins, leaf thickness and leaf dry matter content) increased or remained unchanged in the three ex situ populations. A pollinator (Apis cerana) of S. huangmeiensis was present in the four populations. NP and SP lacked some pollinators that were found in both WP and LP, but they shared one pollinator that was not observed in WP and LP. The pollinator visiting frequency increased in SP, while it did not change significantly in LP and NP.

Synthesis and applications. Our results suggested that both herbivory and pollination of Sinojackia huangmeiensis changed in ex situ populations, with complete or partial changes in herbivores, leaf herbivory rate, pollinators, pollinator visiting frequency and fruit set in the two distant ex situ populations. This work provides a unique empirical study of shifts in both antagonistic and mutualistic biotic interactions between wild and ex situ populations. We emphasized that it is essential to integrate herbivore and pollinator management in future ex situ conservation of plant species.
Targeted recovery of male cells in a male and female same‐cell mixture
Authors: Hogg Jonathan , Vandepoele Amber C. W. , Zaccheo Nori , Schulte Janine , Schulz Iris , Dubois Jeremy , Frank Morgan , Marciano Michael A.
Published: March 2024

DNA mixture deconvolution in the forensic DNA community has been addressed in a variety of ways. “Front‐end” methods that separate the cellular components of mixtures can provide a significant benefit over computational methods as there is no need to rely on models with inherent uncertainty to generate conclusions. Historically, cell separation methods have been investigated but have been largely ineffective due to high cost, unreliability, and the lack of proper instrumentation. However, the last decade has given rise to more innovative technology that can target and recover cells more effectively. This study focuses on the development and optimization of a method to selectively label and recover male cells in a mixture of male and female epithelial cells using a Y‐chromosome labeling kit with DEPArray™ technology, whereby male cells are labeled and recovered into a single extraction‐ready tube. Labeling efficiency was tested using freshly collected and aged buccal swabs where 70%–75% and 38% of male cells were labeled, respectively, with less than 1% false positives. DEPArray™ detection was assessed using single buccal epithelial cells where approximately 80% of labeled cells were identified as male. Mixtures (1:1, 1:10, male to female) yielded profiles that were predominantly single source male or those in which the male component was more easily interpreted. The male‐specific labeling method was demonstrated to be both robust and reliable when used on freshly collected cells. While the DEPArray™ meditated detection and recovery had notable limitations, it still improved the interpretation of the male component in same‐cell mixtures in more recently collected samples.
Mulch alleviates the continuous crop barriers of Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. by regulating the soil bacterial community
Authors: Xu Ling , Ma Lei , Lu Xu , Wei Ruonan , Feng Xiaojie , Ma Yantong , Zhang Xucheng , Wang Wenhui , Li Sheng , Ma Shaoying , Chen Guiping , Yang Xiaoming
Published: March 2024

Codonopsis pilosula (Franch.) Nannf. is an essential traditional medicinal herb in China. Soil sickness caused by continuous cropping is the main reason for the yield reduction of C. pilosula. However, because of the lack of systematic research on the mechanism of continuous cropping obstacles in C. pilosula, there is a lack of effective measures to reduce or even restrain the disorder of continuous cropping obstacles in C. pilosula. The root system, inter‐root soil microorganisms and non‐inter‐root soil of C. pilosula under a continuous cropping system (e.g. crop rotation, two consecutive crops and three consecutive crops) as well as under different mulching methods (the mulched film and the uncovered) were used as experimental materials for the study. The plant growth of C. pilosula was significantly inhibited when continuous cropping reached 2 years. At the same time, the mulched film significantly (p < .05) promoted the development of C. pilosula under continuous cropping and considerably mitigated the plant death rate of C. pilosula in all fields. The content of soil nutrients, such as organic matter and inorganic nitrogen, decreased with increasing years of continuous cropping. In contrast, the mulched film improved this soil nutrient in continuous cropping. There was a tendency for the number of endemic operational taxonomic units (OTUs) to decrease in continuous cropping. Additionally, the mulched film altered the distribution of shared and endemic OTUs in the samples and had a recruiting effect on inter‐root microorganisms in continuous cropping. Betaproteobacteriales flora abundance decreased with increasing years of continuous cropping, which showed a strong positive correlation with the immune system and environmental adaptation function. The mulched film increased the abundance of beneficial microorganisms, such as AKAU4049, Betaproteobacteriales and Gaiellales, to adapt and improve the continuous crop disorder of C. pilosula. In conclusion, mulching can enhance the soil environment and facilitate the growth and development of C. pilosula during continuous cultivation.