bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Early Iron Age in the Elaziǧ Region and the Problem of the Mushkians
Authors: Sevin Veli
Published: January 2007

The salvage excavations and related surveys carried out both in the Keban and in the Karakaya reservoir areas during the last twenty years have made the Elazıǧ region one of the most thoroughly examined areas of Anatolia. Our archaeological information about this region, which previously was extremely limited, has now reached a significantly high level. Surveys conducted by the present writer during 1985–87, especially in the outlying areas of the reservoir regions, have resulted in the establishment of an archaeological sequence for almost the whole of the area. In spite of all this, it cannot be said that the history of the region is yet fully understood. For example, the two questions, when did the Early Iron Age begin in the region and what were the reasons behind its beginnings, are still far from being answered.

In written documents relating to the Hittite ruler Shuppiluliuma I, the region is referred to as a kingdom, while in the time of Tudhalia IV it is clearly understood that the area, known as Ishuwa, had become a vassal kingdom of the Hittite empire, where people of Hurrian origin were living.
Chalcolithic Pottery from Kabakulak (Niǧde) collected by Ian Todd
Authors: Summers G. D.
Published: January 2007

The only substantial collection of decorated chalcolithic pottery discovered in Central Anatolia by Ian Todd during his survey in the years 1964–6 is described here. Background to the survey is given by Todd (1980: 9–12) who recognized the importance of these sherds (Todd 1967: 12; 1980: 56, 151 n. 37). They are of sufficient interest to merit presentation here, in advance of the full publication of Todd's survey pottery which is being prepared by the author. I must express my thanks to Ian Todd for generously passing on his notes and encouraging me to work on the material, to Helen Boyd for the drawings, Tuǧrul Çakar for the photographs and David French for his invaluable advice.
The Stamp Seals from Tell esh Sheikh
Authors: Aruz Joan
Published: January 2007

The site of Tell esh Sheikh was excavated in 1947 and 1948 as part of the British project at Alalakh-Tell Atchana in the Amuq plain. It is located two miles west of Tell Tayinat, which adjoins Alalakh, with the mound of Tabara al Akrad one and a half miles east. Other sites on the eastern edge of the plain include Çatal Höyük and Judeidah. Woolley discusses Tell esh Sheikh in the reports of excavations at Alalakh. The seals are described most fully by Buchanan, based on information and sketches supplied to him by the excavators. The present study reflects research done in the Antakya Museum and references to its inventory books. As stated by Buchanan, the seals are distributed over seven levels at the site and include a number of gables made of bone. Further information regarding archaeological context is lacking, according to David French, who is reviewing documentation and finds for the forthcoming publication of the Tell esh Sheikh excavation.

An investigation of seals and sealings at such sites as Norşuntepe and Değirmentepe in eastern Anatolia, and Tepe Gawra in northern Mesopotamia, has provided close parallels for materials, shapes, motifs and styles found in the Tell esh Sheikh seal corpus. Such associations in part confirm results of pottery analysis but also raise questions about the correlation of pottery and seal chronology, and about relations between sites on the Cilician plain and regions closer to the resource-rich areas in the northeast. A review of findings follows below.
The Excavations at Sagalassos 1991
Authors: Waelkens Marc , Owens Edwin , Hasendonckx Ann , Arikan Burcu
Published: January 2007

During 1991 large-scale excavations at Sagalassos continued for their second season from 13 July until 5 September. The work was directed by Professor Marc Waelkens (Dept. of Archaeology, Catholic University of Leuven). A total of 42 scientists from various countries (Belgium, Turkey, Great Britain, Germany and Portugal) as well as 25 local workmen (supervised by Mr. Ali Toprak) carried out the work. The team included 20 archaeologists, 4 illustrators (supervised by G. Evsever and R. Kotsch), 4 architect-restorers (directed by Prof. R. Lemaire and Dr. K. Van Balen), 3 cartographers (directed by Prof. F Depuydt), 2 geologists (directed by Prof. W. Viaene), 2 geomorphologists (Prof. J. De Ploey and Prof. E. Paulissen), 1 archaeozoologist (Dr. W. Van Neer), 1 anthropologist (Dr. Chr. Charlier), 2 restorers for the small finds (directed by Miss K. Norman) and 1 photographer (P. Stuyven). The Turkish Antiquities Department was represented by Muhammet Alkan from the Sivas Museum, whom we thank for his help. Financial support came from the Research Council of the Catholic University of Leuven, the Belgian Fund for Collective Fundamental Research (F.K.F.O.), the Belgian Programme on Interuniversity Poles of Attraction (I.U.A.P. no 28), the National Bank of Belgium, the ASLK/CGER Bank, the tour operator ORION, the car rental company Interleasing, the restoration company E. G. Verstraete & Vanhecke N. V., Agfa-Gevaert films and the association “Friends of Sagalassos”.
Excavations at Amorium: 1992 Interim Report
Authors: Harrison R. M. , Christie et al N.
Published: January 2007

August 1992 marked the sixth season of survey and excavation at the east Phrygian site of Amorium, located 170 km. south-west of Ankara. Excavation has so far sampled only a tiny part of what was in Roman and Byzantine times an extensive urban site, but results have consistently revealed that an exciting range of data can be drawn from this largely unexplored centre. Indeed, despite evident modern robbing for stone, the trenched areas have revealed that substantial zones may remain archaeologically intact.

The ancient site of Amorium comprised two distinct fortified zones: a compact upper town, and a larger lower town, part of which is now overlain by the modern village of Hisarköy. A particular aim of the excavations so far carried out at Amorium has been to define the relationship between these two urban areas in the overall occupational sequence, with special interest placed on elucidating the transitional phase from the Early to Middle Byzantine period—a period in Amorium's long history which is fairly well documented by both Byzantine and Arab sources.
The Biconvex Seals of Alişar Höyük
Authors: Gorny Ronald L.
Published: January 2007

Archaeological excavations were conducted at Alişar Höyük in central Turkey from 1927 to 1932 by the Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. The six years of investigation uncovered evidence that indicated the mound had been occupied intermittently from at least the Early Bronze Age through the modern Turkish period. The premature cessation of excavations at the site, however, left many issues unresolved, a situation that has bedeviled Anatolian specialists up to the present day.

Foremost among the problems left unsettled by the Oriental Institute excavations was the question of whether a Late Bronze II settlement (1400–1200 B.C.) had existed at the site, an issue that was raised by the discovery at Alişar of cuneiform tablets written in the Old Assyrian script that referred to a town called Amkuwa, known also from Hittite texts as Ankuwa. On the basis of these references, scholars were quick to associate Amkuwa/Ankuwa with Alişar. The problem with this equation is that, on the one hand, a Hittite text dating to the reign of Hittite king Ḫattušili III makes it clear that Ankuwa was occupied in the LB II.
Lydian painted pottery at Daskyleion
Authors: Gül Gürtekin-Demir R.
Published: January 2007

Ancient literary sources indicate that Daskyleion was under the control of the Lydian kingdom from the late seventh century to the mid sixth century BC, before it was made a regional Achaemenid capital of the Persian empire. This literary evidence is supported by the archaeological data. Lydian painted pottery from Daskyleion includes examples of so-called early Fikellura, Ephesian, Ephesianising, bichrome, streaked and marbling wares. Study of this pottery and comparison with parallels from Sardis suggest that most of it was imported from Sardis between the last quarter of the seventh century and the fifth century. A little over 15% of the sixth and fifth century pottery seems to have been produced outside Sardis.
Burials in context: The 1960s inhumations of Çatalhöyük East
Authors: Düring Bleda S.
Published: January 2007

The burial customs practised at Neolithic Çatalhöyük have raised a substantial amount of interest, due to factors such as a tradition of intramural inhumation, elaborate grave goods including organic remains in an excellent state of preservation, and a posited link to scenes in wall paintings supposedly showing vultures pecking at humanoid figures. In consequence, numerous publications have discussed the burial practices of the site, and the systematic study of the burial data is one of the aims of the present excavation project at the site. Given the attention the burials of Çatalhöyük have received, it is surprising that almost no hard data have been published on the hundreds of burials excavated in the 1960s. In this paper a systematic inventory of the 1960s burial data and their drawbacks will be presented. The data for this study were obtained from the notes made by Dr Angel and Dr Ferembach, the two physical anthropologists who analysed the skeletons excavated by Mellaart and his team. The inventory presented in this paper will allow us to study the burial practices at Çatalhöyük in a more systematic manner, and will provide an interesting background for the evaluation of the data forthcoming from the new excavation project at Çatalhöyük.
Seasonal variation in fecal testosterone levels in free‐ranging male Japanese macaques
Authors: Muroyama Yasuyuki , Shimizu Keiko , Sugiura Hideki
Published: January 2007

Seasonal variation in fecal testosterone levels in free‐ranging male Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) was examined with reference to their dominance rank and age class. Six adult (≥7 years old, three higher‐ranking and three lower‐ranking) and four adolescent (5–6 years old, two higher‐ranking and two lower‐ranking) males were selected as target animals. Fecal samples of these males were collected during the first 3–5 days of each month and analyzed by the method developed by Barrett et al. [Primates 43:29–39, 2002b]. Testosterone levels varied significantly across the 12 months, and were highest in the early and middle parts of the mating season (i.e., October and November). Higher‐ranking adult males displayed a peak testosterone level in October, whereas lower‐ranking adults had no clear peak in the mating season. Such a difference in testosterone peaks in males could provide higher‐ranking males more opportunities to fertilize females at first ovulation in the mating season than lower‐ranking males. Am. J. Primatol. 69:603–610, 2007.© 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How regenerating lymphatics function: Lessons from lizard tails
Authors: Blacker Helen A. , Tsopelas Chris , Orgeig Sandra , Daniels Christopher B. , Chatterton Barry E.
Published: January 2007

Rational treatment of lymphoedema may be improved in the future with a better understanding of the physiological processes involved in the regeneration of new lymphatic vessels (lymphangiogenesis). Many lizard species undergo tail autotomy as a predator escape response and subsequently regenerate nonlymphoedematous tails. Such species may offer novel models for examining lymphangiogenesis. In this lymphoscintigraphic evaluation, three radioactive tracers were employed, 99mTc‐antimony trisulphide colloid (∼ 10 nm diameter), 99mTc‐tin fluoride colloid (∼2,000 nm; 99mTc‐TFC), and 99mTc‐diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (soluble; 99mTc‐DTPA), to examine lymphatic function in regenerating tails of the Australian marbled gecko, Christinus marmoratus. Rate of local clearance and velocity of migration were determined in geckos with original tails and at 6, 9, 12, and >24 weeks after autotomy. In original‐tailed geckos, the smaller radiocolloid was cleared to a greater extent and had a faster lymph velocity than in geckos with regenerated tails. The same parameters measured for larger particles were greater in early regeneration than later. 99mTc‐TFC did not migrate from the injection site in fully regenerated and original gecko tails, which indicates that larger particles are increasingly impeded as tail regeneration progresses. Soluble 99mTc‐DTPA diffused from the injection site extremely rapidly via venous capillaries in all tails, confirming that the slower clearance of the colloids is solely via the lymphatics. Differences in clearance and lymph velocity between differently sized colloids throughout tail regeneration may be influenced by changes in surrounding tissue structure density and the lymphatic vessel porosity. Anat Rec, 290:108–114, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conceptual approaches for defining data, information, and knowledge
Authors: Zins Chaim
Published: January 2007

The field of Information Science is constantly changing. Therefore, information scientists are required to regularly review—and if necessary—redefine its fundamental building blocks. This article is one of a group of four articles, which resulted from a Critical Delphi study conducted in 2003–2005. The study, “Knowledge Map of Information Science,” was aimed at exploring the foundations of information science. The international panel was composed of 57 leading scholars from 16 countries, who represent (almost) all the major subfields and important aspects of the field. This particular article documents 130 definitions of data, information, and knowledge formulated by 45 scholars, and maps the major conceptual approaches for defining these three key concepts.
Investigation of the VDR gene polymorphisms association with susceptibility to colorectal cancer
Authors: Yaylım‐Eraltan İlhan , Arzu Ergen H. , Arıkan Soykan , Okay Erdem , Öztürk Oğuz , Bayrak Savaş , İsbir Turgay
Published: January 2007

The effects of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 are mediated by binding to a specific intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR), which has been identified in a variety of tissues. Certain polymorphisms in the VDR gene have been associated with various neoplasms. For this purpose, we studied whether VDR TaqI or FokI genotype are associated with serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 in 52 controls and 26 patients with colorectal cancer. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and agarose gel electrophoresis tecniques were used to detect these polymorphisms. We measured 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 serum levels by ELISA. The frequencies of the FF, Ff and ff genotypes were 73.1%, 11.5%, 15.4% in colorectal cancer patients and 38.5%, 59.6%, 1.9% in healthy controls, respectively. We observed the T allele in 50% and 58.7%, and the t allele in 50% and 41.3% of colorectal cancer patients and the control group, respectively. In patients with colorectal cancer who have TT genotype, serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 level was lower than those with Tt/tt genotype (p:0.016). The frequency of subjects with TTFf or TtFf genotype in colorectal cancer patients was very low compared with all other genotypes (OR = 0.112; 95%CI 0.030–0.419). These data suggest that VDR TtFf or TTFf genotypes may protect against colorectal carcinogenesis. However, further studies are necessary to confirm these findings. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neurons of the ascidian larval nervous system in Ciona intestinalis: II. Peripheral nervous system
Authors: Imai Janice H. , Meinertzhagen Ian A.
Published: January 2007

The peripheral nervous system of the ascidian tadpole larva comprises a distributed population of isolated receptor neurons, most of unproved function, organized along the trunk or tail epithelium. Previous reports using immunocytochemical methods failed to resolve the detailed morphology of the neurons and their axon pathways. Precleavage embryos of Ciona intestinalis transfected with the promoter of the neuron‐specific synaptotagmin gene fused to a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene yielded clearly labelled GFP profiles. These we examined in confocal image stacks of 31 larvae. Anchor cells, at least eight in each adhesive apical papilla, contribute axons to the papillar nerves that terminate in the sensory vesicle of the central nervous system. Two nerve bundles projected from each papilla, suggesting that at least two subpopulations of papillar neurons exist. Each bundle fasciculated with axons of the rostral trunk epidermal neurons (RTEN) in a stereotyped pattern. The RTEN had a hitherto unreported elaborate arbor of sensory dendrites within the tunic, suggesting that each has an extended sensorial field. Two subpopulations of apical trunk epidermal neurons (ATEN), anterior and posterior, were distinguished. As with the RTEN, these neurons extended dendritic arbors into the tunic. Two additional types of tail neuron, the caudal epidermal neurons (dorsal and ventral) as well as a novel bipolar interneuron, were identified. These identified neuron types are the substrate for the ascidian larva's entire peripheral sensory input, important during larval swimming and settlement. J. Comp. Neurol. 501:335–352, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell/surface interactions and adhesion on Ti‐6Al‐4V: Effects of surface texture
Authors: Chen J. , Mwenifumbo S. , Langhammer C. , McGovern J.‐P. , Li M. , Beye A. , Soboyejo W. O.
Published: January 2007

This paper presents the results of an experimental study of the effects of surface texture on the interactions between human osteo‐sarcoma (HOS) cells and Ti‐6Al‐4V. These include the Ti‐6Al‐4V with polished (smooth); Al2O3 blasted (rough); and laser micro‐grooved geometries with controlled spacings and depths. Immuno‐fluorescence staining of adhesion proteins (actin and vinculin) was used to study the spreading and adhesion of HOS cells in 2 day culture experiments. Quantitative measures of adhesion were also obtained using an enzymatic detachment assay. The results are discussed within the context of existing theories of cell adhesion. The implications of the results are also examined for the design of textured surfaces in biomedical systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Substrate creep on the fatigue life of a model dental multilayer structure
Authors: Zhou J. , Huang M. , Niu X. , Soboyejo W.O.
Published: January 2007

In this article, we investigated the effects of substrate creep on the fatigue life of a model dental multilayer structure, in which a top glass layer was bonded to a polycarbonate substrate through a dental adhesive. The top glass layers were ground using 120 or 600 grit sand papers before bonding to create different subsurface crack sizes and morphologies. The multilayer structures were tested under cyclic Hertzian contact loading to study crack growth and obtain fatigue life curves. The experiment results showed that the fatigue lives of the multilayer structures were impaired by increasing crack sizes in the subsurfaces. They were also significantly reduced by the substrate creep when tested at relatively low load levels, i.e. Pm < 60 N (Pm is the maximum magnitude of cyclic load). But at relatively high load levels, i.e. Pm > 65 N, slow crack growth was the major failure mechanism. A modeling study was then carried out to explore the possible failure mechanisms over a range of load levels. It is found that fatigue life at relatively low load levels can be better estimated by considering the substrate creep effect. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Neuronal apoptosis mediated by inhibition of intracellular cholesterol transport: Microarray and proteomics analyses in cultured murine cortical neurons
Authors: Koh Chor Hui Vivien , Peng Zhao Feng , Ou Keli , Melendez Alirio , Manikandan Jayapal , Qi Robert Z. , Cheung Nam Sang
Published: January 2007

Studies suggest that cholesterol imbalance in the brain might be related to the development of neurological disorders. U18666A is a well‐known amphiphile which inhibits intracellular cholesterol transport in treated cells. We have previously shown that U18666A leads to apoptosis and cholesterol accumulation in primary cortical neurons, which is associated with activation of caspases and calpains, hyperphosphorylation of tau, and increased oxidative stress markers. However, the mechanisms involved in U18666A‐mediated apoptosis remain unknown. In this report, we sought to gain an insight into the molecular processes contributing to the neuronal apoptosis induced by U18666A. The microarray approach was used in conjunction with proteomics techniques to identify specific proteins which may serve as signature biomarkers during U18666A treatment. Eleven differentially expressed proteins were correlated at the gene expression level in a time‐dependent manner. These proteins have been shown to play a role in lipid metabolism and transport, responses to cell death, protein folding and trafficking, and regulation of transcription. The identification of these differentially expressed proteins might provide a clue to decipher the intracellular biochemical changes during U18666A‐mediated neuronal apoptosis. Our results provide, for the first time, a combined microarray and proteomics analysis of neuronal apoptosis mediated by inhibition of intracellular cholesterol transport. This new insight may greatly facilitate the study of neurodegenerative diseases. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 63–87, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutations in the temperature‐sensitive murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) mutants tsm5 and tsm30: A study of genes involved in immune evasion, DNA packaging and processing, and DNA replication
Authors: Sweet Clive , Ball Karen , Morley Peter J. , Guilfoyle Katherine , Kirby Melissa
Published: January 2007

A murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) temperature‐sensitive (ts) mutant, tsm5, of the K181 (Birmingham) strain, showed ∼10‐fold and ∼10,000‐fold reductions in yields at the permissive (33°C) and non‐permissive temperature (40°C), respectively. It did not replicate to detectable levels in any tissue of 1‐week‐old Balb/c mice for up to 21 days following i.p. inoculation with 4 × 103 pfu although it did replicate, albeit with considerably delayed kinetics, in SCID mice. tsm5 expressed all kinetic classes of transcript (immediate‐early, early and late) both in vitro at the non‐permissive temperature and in vivo. To identify mutations contributing to this phenotype, chimaeric viruses produced from overlapping cosmids generated from tsm5 and the Smith strain of MCMV were examined. A virus, Smith/tsm5DGIK, comprising the central conserved region of the tsm5 genome, was not attenuated at 33 or 37°C but was ts at 40°C, although not to the same extent as tsm5. In contrast to tsm5, this chimaeric virus replicated to similar levels as parental viruses in adult BALB/c mice. These results suggested that genes contributing to reduced replication at 33°C and lack of replication in vivo are located at the ends of the tsm5 genome while those contributing to the ts phenotype are located in the central conserved region of the genome. Sequencing of some immune evasion genes known to be located at the 3′ or 5′ ends of the MCMV genome showed that no mutations were present in ORFs m04, m06, M33, M37, m38.5, m144, m152, or m157 although mutations were found in M27 (A658S) and M36Ex1 (V54I). tsm5 made few capsids at 40°C and these lacked DNA. DNA synthesis was significantly reduced in tsm5‐infected cells at 40°C although DNA cleavage occurred with close to wt efficiency. Sequencing of the herpesvirus conserved cis‐acting elements, pac1 and pac2, and genes involved in DNA packaging and cleavage located in the central core region of the genome identified few point mutations. Two were identified that alter the encoded protein in tsm5 ORFs M98 (P324S) and M56 (G439R). Furthermore, a point mutation (C890Y) was identified in M70, the primase. Another mutant, tsm30, which is also defective in DNA packaging and processing, has a point mutation in M52 (D494N). Thus, a number of mutations have been identified in tsm5 that suggests that it is defective in genes involved in immune evasion, DNA replication and DNA encapsidation. J. Med. Virol. 79:285–299, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polyurethane‐block‐polystyrene Prepared by Polymerization in Miniemulsion
Authors: Koenig Anne , Ziener Ulrich , Schaz Axel , Landfester Katharina
Published: January 2007

Waterborne polyurethane‐block‐polystyrene latexes were prepared by miniemulsion polymerization in a single batch. A direct miniemulsion of the monomers mixture containing styrene, IPDI, 2,4‐diethyl‐1,5‐pentanediol and a diol‐functionalized azoinitiator was prepared in water. The polyaddition reaction of the PU was then performed in a first step at room temperature, with the help of the catalysts mixture DBTDL/DMDA, yielding a PU macroazoinitiator. In a second step, the miniemulsion was heated to 72 °C to start the radical polymerization of styrene from the macroazoinitiator chains. The polymers obtained from the miniemulsion were fractionated and each fraction was analyzed by GPC, DSC and 1H NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that 45% of a (linear) copolymer consisting of a PU and PS was obtained, which is a good compatibilizer for PU/PS polymer blends. TEM from the polymer particles in miniemulsion revealed a homogeneous structure inside the particles.

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The Formation of a Stable, Helical Conformation in Poly(N‐propargylamides) through Synergic Effects among their Pendent Groups
Authors: Deng Jianping , Zhao Weiguo , Wang Jianmin , Zhang Zhigang , Yang Wantai
Published: January 2007

Copolymerization reactions of two N‐propargylamides [1: HCCCH2NHCO(CH2)5CH3, 2: (HCCCH2NHCOC(CH3)3] were carried out with different monomer feed ratios. Compared with the two corresponding homopolymers, the series of resulting copolymers poly(1‐co‐2) had a higher helix content. They also performed very differently in conformational transitions, either from random coil to helix or from helix to random coil, mainly depending on the composition of the copolymers. Synergic effects among the pendent groups played a significant role in the copolymer main chains adopting stable helices.

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Cover Picture: Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2/2007
Authors: Ternat Céline , Kreutzer Georg , Plummer Christopher J. G. , Nguyen Tuan Q. , Herrmann Andreas , Ouali Lahoussine , Sommer Horst , Fieber Wolfgang , Velazco Maria Inés , Klok Harm‐Anton , Månson Jan‐Anders E.
Published: January 2007

Cover: Schematic representation of an amphiphilic multi‐arm star‐block copolymer based on a hyperbranched polymer core. The copolymer was shown to be able to encapsulate and disperse significant loadings of volatile hydrophobic fragrances in aqueous media. Further details can be found in the Full Paper by C. Ternat, G. Kreutzer, C. J. G. Plummer, T. Q. Nguyen, A. Herrmann, L. Ouali, H. Sommer, W. Fieber, M. I. Velazco, H.‐A. Klok, and J.‐A. E. Månson* on page 131.
Computation of Acoustic Far‐Fields with the Spectral Lighthill Method
Authors: Obrist Dominik , Keiderling Felix , Kleiser Leonhard
Published: January 2007

Based on Lighthill's acoustic analogy we formulate the Spectral Lighthill Method (SLM). SLM is a method for the computation of acoustic far‐fields. It uses a spatio‐temporal Fourier transform of the Lighthill stress tensor. We show that SLM is a straightforward tool for the computation of acoustic far‐fields that enhances our physical understanding of sound generation and is useful in the numerical analysis of acoustic far‐field solvers. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Excitation of Lamb‐waves in plates
Authors: v. Ende S. , Lammering R.
Published: January 2007

Lamb waves show great potential in the detection of structural defects in plate and shell structures. In the sense of the adaptive structures concept the wave generation takes place with help of integrated piezoelectric ceramics. For a steel plate with adhered piezoelectric actuator, analytical calculations, FEM simulations, and experimental results are in good agreement. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vibro‐acoustic Investigations Using Finite and Infinite Elements
Authors: von Estorff Otto , Petersen Steffen
Published: January 2007

The solution of large systems of equations often involves the use of iterative solution procedures, mostly by means of Krylov subspace methods. The performance of these methods, however, strongly depends on the spectrum of the resulting system matrices, which is affected by the polynomial approximation function space. The current work shows that finite elements based on Bernstein polynomials yield particularly good performance in combination with commonly employed Krylov solvers. Adapting the basis of Astley‐Leis infinite elements, the Bernstein polynomials may also be used for exterior acoustic simulations. The efficiency of such elements for interior acoustic problems as well as for sound radiation analyses is assessed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On a Pseudo parabolic System for a Viscoelastic Shallow Shell
Authors: Bock Igor
Published: January 2007

We deal with the system describing moderately large deflections of thin viscoelastic shallow shells. The nonlinear straindisplacement relations due to von Kármán‐Donnell theory is considered. The system consists of an pseudoparabolic partial differential equation for a deflection and an equation with the biharmonic left‐hand side and the pseudoparabolic right‐hand side for the Airy stress function. The existence and uniqueness of a solution is verified by transforming the problem into the sequence of stationary canonical equations of von Kármán elastic type. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Minimum‐Phase Second‐Order Systems and the Spectrum of the Semigroup Generator
Authors: Jacob Birgit , Morris Kirsten , Trunk Carsten
Published: January 2007

Controller design is much easier for minimum‐phase systems than for non‐minimum phase systems. We show that a wide class of second‐order in.nite‐dimensional systems with velocity measurements are minimum‐phase. The system does not need to be exponentially stable. We show that in general the spectrum can be quite arbitrary in the closed left half plane. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of cosymmetric identity in branching theory
Authors: Konopleva Irina , Loginov B. , Rousak Yu.
Published: January 2007

As the generalization of N. N. Makarenko (1998, 2002) results cosymmetric identity in application to potential type A. Lyapounov and E.Schmidt bifurcation equations is used for their dimension lowering (reduction) under group symmetry conditions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pseudoperturbation method for computation of E. Schmidt eigenvalues
Authors: Loginov B. , Makeeva O. , Foliadova E.
Published: January 2007

In two problems with approximately given n ‐multiple generalized E. Schmidt eigenvalue with relevant Jordan chains pseudoperturbation method is applied for their sharpening. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improved linear multi‐step methods for small noise SDEs
Authors: Buckwar Evelyn , Winkler Renate
Published: January 2007

We consider the mean‐square or strong convergence of linear multi‐step methods for stochastic differential equations (SDEs) with small noise noise. We present schemes where the drift part is approximated by well‐known methods for deterministic ordinary differential equations. In previous work, we considered Maruyama‐type schemes, where only the increments of the driving Wiener process are used to discretize the diffusion part. Here, we suggest the improvement of the discretization of the diffusion part by also taking into account mixed classical‐stochastic integrals. We show that the relation of the applied step‐sizes to the smallness of the noise is essential in deciding whether the new methods are worthwhile. Promising results are obtained for problems with additive noise where the error of the new schemes is practically reduced to the error in the deterministic case. Simulation results illustrate the theoretical findings. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stochastic Multi‐Scale Methods for Turbulent Flow Simulations
Authors: Heinz Stefan
Published: January 2007

The use of currently available methods for turbulent flow simulations is faced with significant problems: one has the choice between efficient methods with relatively low predictive power (which require evidence in each case) or relatively accurate but very expensive methods. The unification of these methods would be very helpful for a better understanding of the generality of modeling assumptions, and to make an optimal use of characteristic advantages of models. Previously, this problem was addressed on the basis of deterministic equations, which resulted in many different heuristic interpolation procedures. These problems can be solved by addressing the question considered at the more general level of stochastic equations: in this way it is possible to obtain consistent stochastic multi‐scale methods which imply corresponding deterministic equations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Computation of failure probabilities via local approximations
Authors: Proppe Carsten
Published: January 2007

For failure probability estimates of large structural systems, the numerical expensive evaluations of the limit state function have to be replaced by suitable approximations. Most of the methods proposed in the literature so far construct global approximations of the failure hypersurface. The global approximation of the failure hypersurface does not correspond to the local character of the most likely failure, which is often concentrated in one or several regions in the design space, and may therefore introduce a high approximation error for the probability of failure. Moreover, it is noted that global approximations are often constructed for parameter spaces that ignore constraints imposed by the physical nature of the problem. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Implementation of Highly Accurate Complex Inclusion Functions in theCoStLy Library
Authors: Neher Markus
Published: January 2007

Inclusion functions for complex standard functions have been implemented in the CoStLy C++ class library. Among other functions, CoStLy includes procedures for the exponential function, the logarithm, root and power functions, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions, and their inverse functions.

Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the high level of accuracy in computation that has been achieved with our implementation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Geometry Optimization of Branched Sheet Metal Products
Authors: Greif Günter
Published: January 2007

Geometry Optimization plays an important role concerning to design tasks in mechanical engineering. For those we are studying sheet metal products like cable conduits. We formulate a nonlinear, continuous optimization problem to find an optimal geometry for such a sheet metal product. The goal is to find from a given topology the optimal geometry parameters concerning to the minimal bending of a cable conduit, spanning a huge distance. Hereby a lot of constraints, like given sizes of cross‐section areas of the chambers, given quantity of sheet metal, and so on have to be fullfilled. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimization of Investment Policy
Authors: Simeliene Nijole
Published: January 2007

Participation in conferences is one of the means of Knowledge Communication. Knowledge Communication might be an effective means to improve and to analyse optimization of investment policy. The analysis and improvement of overall performance in complex systems, the adaptation of models to new demands or conditions and the design of optimal systems are a few of challenges confronting engineers and systems scientists today. In many cases solutions of the problems in areas such as these may be found through the use of appropriate mathematical models. The tools for doing this are ways to formulate real‐world problems in detailed mathematical terms (mathematical models). All kinds of mathematical models which arise from practical problems are just approximate descriptions.

This study provides an asymptotic analysis of the discrete multistage controlled dynamical systems in the finite spaces of state variables. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An a priori bound for eigenvalue computation by AMLS
Authors: Elssel Kolja , Voss Heinrich
Published: January 2007

Based on Schur complements and modal approximations of submatrices on several levels AMLS constructs a projected eigenproblem which yields good approximations of eigenvalues at the lower end of the spectrum. Rewriting the original problem as a rational eigenproblem of the same dimension as the projected problem, and taking advantage of a minmax characterization for the rational eigenproblem we derive a bound for the AMLS approximation of eigenvalues. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Structure Preserving Index Reduction Method For MNA
Authors: Bächle S. , Ebert F.
Published: January 2007

Transient analysis in industrial chip design leads to very large systems of differential‐algebraic equations (DAEs). The numerical solution of these DAEs strongly depends on the so called index of the DAE. In general, the higher the index of the DAE is, the more sensitive the numerical solution will be to errors in the computation. So, it is advisable to use mathematical models with small index or to reduce the index.

This paper presents an index reduction method that uses information based on the topology of the circuit. In addition, we show that the presented method retains structural properties of the DAE. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Superconvergence Analysis of Galerkin FEM and SDFEM for Elliptic Problems with Characteristic Layers
Authors: Franz Sebastian , Linß Torsten
Published: January 2007

We analyse the superconvergence properties of the Galerkin FEM and of the streamline‐diffusion finite element method (SDFEM) using bilinear functions in the case of elliptic problems with characteristic layers. To resolve the layers we use appropriate Shishkin meshes.

For the SDFEM we give an optimal choice for the streamline‐diffusion parameter δ for maximal stability in the induced streamline‐diffusion norm. In the characteristic layers we are able to show that δ can be chosen of order δ = Cε‐ ${1 \over 4}$ N–2 which is con.rmed by numerical results. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Multigrid and M‐Matrices in the Finite Pointset Method
Authors: Seibold Benjamin
Published: January 2007

We consider the Finite Pointset Method (FPM) for incompressible flows. In the classical FPM derivatives are approximated by a least squares approximation. In general this approach yields stencils with both positive and negative entries. We present how optimization routines can force the stencils to have only positive weights aside from the central point. This approach yields an M‐matrix structure, which is of interest for various linear solvers. We investigate algebraic multigrid to solve the arising linear systems. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High Performance Computing Techniques for the FEM Simulation in Structural Mechanics
Authors: Wobker Hilmar , Turek Stefan , Svendsen Bob
Published: January 2007

For the solution of large scale simulations in structural mechanics iterative solving methods are mandatory. The efficiency of such methods can crucially depend on different factors: choice of material parameters, quality of the underlying computational mesh and number of processors in a parallel computing system. We distinguish between three aspects of ‘efficiency’: processor efficiency (degree to which the solving algorithm is able to exploit the processor's computational power), parallel efficiency (ratio between computation and communication times) and numerical efficiency (convergence behaviour). With the new FEM software package Feast we pursue the aim to develop a solver mechanism which at the same time gains high efficiencies in all three aspects, while trying to minimise the mentioned dependencies. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimal Data Selection for Piezoelectric Material Characterization
Authors: Lahmer Tom , Kaltenbacher Barbara , Schulz Volker
Published: January 2007

In the simulation and design of piezoelectric transducers the exact knowledge of the entries in the material tensors ‐ the elastic, dielectric and piezoelectric coupling coefficients ‐ is an important prerequisite. Our task is the identification of these coefficients from indirect measurements, namely electric impedance data at different frequencies. This leads to a parameter identification problem for a system of coupled PDEs, which we solve by regularized Newton iterations. A crucial issue is the selection of frequencies at which measurements are taken. Here, we discuss the problem of choosing these frequencies in an optimal way to preserve efficiency of our identification scheme while improving reliability of the reconstruction results. For this purpose, we formulate this task as an optimization problem with PDE constraints and propose two approaches for its solution. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Active vibration suppression of smart beams
Authors: Betti Michele , Stavroulakis Georgios E. , Baniotopoulos Charalambos C.
Published: January 2007

In this paper an active vibration control technique for a smart beam is presented. The structure is made of two layers of piezoelectric material (PZT8) embedded on the surface of an aluminium beam. The active control is inserted into the finite element model by using programming tools of the general purpose code used here. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Aufbau und Regelung einer Magnetführung für Werkzeugmaschinen
Authors: Denkena Berend , Neuber Cord‐Christian , Kallage Franz , Panning Lars
Published: January 2007

Der größte Anteil der am Markt erhältlichen Werkzeugmaschinen ist mit Wälzführungen ausgestattet. Diese Führungen begrenzen aufgrund von Reibung, Verschleiß und geringer Dämpfung die Maschinendynamik. Gerade im Bereich der Hochgeschwindigkeitsbearbeitung (high speed cutting, HSC) wird dadurch die erreichbare Produktivität eingeschränkt. In diesem Beitrag wird ein für Werkzeugmaschinen vollkommen neuartiges Führungskonzept vorgestellt, das in einem Hochgeschwindigkeits‐Bearbeitungszentrum, der schnellen Maschine, umgesetzt wurde. Die Spindelachse dieser Maschine wird mit Hilfe einer aktiven Magnetführung kontaktfrei geführt. Schwerpunkt des Beitrags sind die sich ergebenden neuen Möglichkeiten der Einflussnahme auf das Maschinenverhalten durch eine intelligente Regelung der Magnetführung. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cell Mapping for Random Transformations
Authors: Gaull Andreas , Kreuzer Edwin
Published: January 2007

The method of Cell Mapping is a numerical tool to analyze the long‐term behavior of dynamical systems. For deterministic systems, which are described by nonsingular transformations, Cell Mapping is characterized by a certain discretization of the Frobenius–Perron operator first proposed by Ulam [3]. Our purpose is to extend the concept to dynamical systems which are generated by random transformations. At this, time evolution of absolutely continuous measures and the corresponding densities will be described by Markov operators whose fixed points refer to invariant measures and densities respectively. A discretization of the Markov operator on densities leads directly to the reformulation of Cell Mapping in the stochastic context. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A geometric modelling of nonlinear RLC networks
Authors: Ionescu Delia
Published: January 2007

A new approach to nonlinear RLC circuits, which is based on the geometric Birkhoffian formalism, is described in this note. The configuration space and a special Pfaffian form, called Birkhoffian, are obtained from the constitutive relations of the involved resistors, inductors and capacitors and from Kirchhoff's laws. No assumptions are placed upon the topology of the network. Properties of the corresponding Birkhoffian such as its regularity, or its dissipativeness, are discussed in this context. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sensitivity analysis of multi‐storey building due to blast loading
Authors: Majcher Krzysztof , Wójcicki Zbigniew , Mironowicz Władysław
Published: January 2007

In this paper the vibration problems of multi‐storey column‐slab buildings are considered. Vibrations are caused by the explosion in the building and destruction of some construction elements. The influence of sudden loss of these elements as well as the explosion pressure are taken into account. In particular, the influence of destruction location on the building vibrations is examined. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Analogue Implementation of the Funnel Controller
Authors: Mandaloju Nagendra P. , Trenn Stephan
Published: January 2007

In many tracking control problems, pre‐specified bounds for the evolution of the tracking error should be met. The ‘funnel controller’ addresses this requirement and guarantees transient performance for a fairly large class of systems. In addition, only structural assumptions on the underlying system are made; the exact knowledge of the system parameters is not required. This is in contrast to most classical controllers where only asymptotic behaviour can be guaranteed and the system parameters must be known or estimated. Until now, the funnel controller was only studied theoretically. We will present the results of an analogue implementation of the funnel controller. The results show that the funnel controller works well in reality, i.e. it guarantees the pre‐specified error bounds. The implementation is an analogue circuit composed of standard devices and is therefore suitable for a broad range of applications. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Galerkin‐based Time Integrators for Geometrically Nonlinear Elasto‐Plastodynamics
Authors: Mohr Rouven , Menzel Andreas , Steinmann Paul
Published: January 2007

Computational modelling often demands the incorporation of dynamic effects. The consideration of computational elastoplastodynamics requires in particular advanced numerical techniques to satisfy the classical balance laws like balance of linear and angular momentum or the laws of thermodynamics. Regarding the thermodynamical consistency of elasto‐plastodynamics, the conservation of the total energy in the elastic case and the fulfilment of the dissipation inequality in the plastic case are very important. In this contribution we deal with a mechanically and thermodynamically consistent Galerkin‐based time‐stepping scheme for finite elasto‐plastodynamics. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High Gain Observers Using an Approximate Observer Normal Form
Authors: Röbenack Klaus
Published: January 2007

If one can transform a nonlinear system into observer normal form, it is possible to design an observer with exactly linear error dynamics. Unfortunately, many systems of practical relevance violate the existence conditions of the normal form. This drawback can be circumvented by means of an approximate observer normal form. The actual computation of the associated transformation may still be very difficult. We suggest a nonlinear observer design procedure that avoids this drawback. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)