bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation on the MOE between EN, BS and ASTM of Concrete Containing PET
Authors: Amzar Othman Muhammad , Shahidan Shahiron , Mar Shamsudin Shamrul , Ali Noorwirdawati , Mohd Zuki Sharifah Salwa , Sheikh Khalid Faisal , Mohamed Nazri Fadzli
Published: January 2020

The wide use of plastic bottles has led to a drastic increase in the disposal of plastic bottles. Reusing waste plastic bottles in concrete may be beneficial to the environment and help ensure economic viability at the same time. Previous researchers had investigated the application of waste materials in the construction field by using polyethylene terephthalate as one of the solutions to address this environment threat. In this research, the aim of the study is to investigate the modulus of elasticity of concrete material incorporated with polyethylene terephthalate. To achieve the objective of the study, the modulus of elasticity test was conducted to determine the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE). A comparison of MOE between Eurocodes (EC), British Standard (BS) and American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Standards was conducted. At the end of this study, the value of modulus of elasticity resulting from the plastic bottle concrete material was expected to be classified as the same category as common concrete. Besides, the plastic bottle concrete material was also expected to possess similar properties as other conventional materials. Optimistically, the results of this research resulting from the MOE concrete plastic bottles that are not classified as a similar category as conventional concrete recorded a difference of 4.26% to 59.29%. It can be concluded that shred plastic bottles have a lower feasibility and do not have the potential to be used in concrete mixes.
Durability Evaluation of Cement Board produced from Untreated and Pre-treated Empty Fruit Bunch Fibre through Accelerating Ageing
Authors: Peter P , Nik Soh N M Z , Akasah Z A , Mannan M A
Published: January 2020

Durability issue known that natural fibre tends to degrades in cementitious matrix particularly when in hot and humid exposure for a period of time. This experimental approach evaluates the potential of EFB cement board’s durability in accelerated ageing condition. Initially, the EFB fibres are pre-treated for 24 hours by being soaked in 1% NaOH solution and oven-dried at 103±2°C. Cement boards of 1300 kg/m3density are fabricated in the laboratory, with 2.5:1:2 ratio of ordinary Portland cement, EFB fibre and water with 3% CaCl2. Accelerated ageing assessment of hot water immersion for 10 days, 30 days and 60 days also wet dry cycle for 5 cycle, 15 cycle and 30 cycle at 70°C temperature are then conducted. The tested samples reveal finding ranges in modulus of rupture (MOR) of 3.98 – 9.11 MPa; modulus of elasticity (MOE) of 1056 – 4699 MPa; internal bonding (IB) of 0.28 – 0.53 MPa and thickness swelling (TS) of 1.66 – 9.25%. In addition, the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) showed degradation mechanism of EFB cement board of before and after the accelerated ageing assessment. Conclusively, the findings showed that, accelerated ageing approach for durability assessment of cement boards could be done in quantifying the durability of samples in shorter time.
The Influence of Moisture Content, pH and Liquid Limit on Electrokinetic-treated Dredged Marine Sediments Stability by using Calcium Chloride as an Enhancement Agent
Authors: Syakeera Nordin Nurul , Chan Chee-Ming
Published: January 2020

Reusing the dredged marine sediment (DMS) that was spawned from maintenance dredging work will reduce its disposal effect towards the environment. Furthermore, reusing the DMS could optimize the storage capacity of existing confine disposal facilities (CDF) and can prolonging its lifespan. Treating the DMS with an adequate pre-treatment is the best way to manage this sediment in sustainable solution. The purpose of this research is to study the influence of moisture content (w), pH and liquid limit (LL) towards the DMS’s stability after treated with electrokinetic (EK) method. Stainless steel plate was used as the electrode, while distilled water (DW) and calcium chloride (CaCli) were applied as the enhancement agents. The aforementioned enhancement agents are electrically injected into the DMS which causing flow of the solutions through the pores in DMS under 50 V/m of applied direct current. The EK-treated DMS shows increment in strength and it was influenced by w, pH and LL. The dry zone area was created near the anode and wet zone was created near the cathode. The application of CaCh create a better result in physical properties of DMS compared to pure systems. The EK-treated DMS hence could be reuse as a geomaterial in construction activities. Largely, EK has significantly improve the quality of DMS even though the strength increase observed was not homogeneous throughout the specimen.
Behaviour of Post-Tensioned Kempas Timber Beam with Two Tendon Types
Authors: mushina W , Eng Chuan D Y , mushina j , Abd Ghafar N , Boon K
Published: January 2020

The post-tensioning technology is commonly used for concrete structures especially bridges. This technology is applied for timber elements in many countries effectively. In Malaysia the timber post-tensioning still not known yet. This research aim to propose the post- tensioning technique for timber beams. The timber type is Malaysian Kempas and the device used to apply the post-tensioning force is hydraulic jack. Three types of specimens were tested using the bending test (four-point bending test) for a simple support beam. two type of specimens are post-tensioned timber beams with black threaded rod bar (PTBR) and post-tensioned timber beams with silver threaded rod bar (PTSR). All the specimens’ length is 1.2meter and the dimension of timber is 90mm x 40mm. The increment of moment capacity of post-tension timber beam compared to the timber beam the moment resistance increment is 1.42 times. The moment resistance of the post-tensioned timber beam had average increment is 27.4% - 31.8%. The other finding is the failure mode of specimens it is changed from brittle tension failure to ductile failure (compression failure) the cause of this behavior is the role of the post-tensioning rods.
Vibration Behaviour of Natural Timber and Timber Concrete Composite Deck System
Authors: Mushina Jalal , Abd Ghafar NorHayati , Yeoh David , Mushina Wissam , Heng Boon Koh
Published: January 2020

Timber–Concrete Composite (TCC) structure consists of timber joists or beams effectively interconnected to a concrete slab cast on top of the timber members. This type of structures has applications in multi-storey buildings and short-span bridges particularly in developed countries such as America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. In Malaysia, these timber concrete composite (TCC) fields are extremely uncommon compared to European country. This paper is investigated the TCC deck system as a new slab structure element that could be used in Malaysia. The use of TCC deck system with Malaysian Kempas timber and normal weight concrete is advantageous in providing a lighter structure, more sustainable and possibly a smaller foundation. Therefore the main objective of this research is to study the vibration behavior of kempas timber (natural timber) in timber deck and TCC deck by experimental modal testing. The vibration data results were conducted by modal experimental test. Then the model is verified by finite element using SAP 2000 software. The connector type that used is screw in TCC deck. The size of each deck is 3.6m x 0.8m, the thickness of concrete is 65mm and the timber beam unit with dimension 3.6 x 0.09x0.04 m. The specimens of timber and TCC deck were tested using an electrodynamic shaker. The data were analyzed using ME Scope software to determine the natural frequency and mode shape of the timber and TCC deck system. The modal experimental results for all tests were more than 8 Hz, it accepted since the vibration limitation for timber floor is 8 Hz. The TCC deck frequency due to shaker excitation is higher than only timber deck which means that the TCC improve vibration resistance property compared with only timber deck vibration resistance.
Stiffness and Strength Degradation of Timber Concrete Composite under Fatigue Loading
Authors: J.T Yeo Kevin , E.C Yeoh David
Published: January 2020

The design of TCC is often associated with Gamma Method to calculate its effective stiffness as its characteristic strength to predict its SLS and ULS behavior. TCC structures used as bridges are subjected to fatigue loadings during service life. Fatigue loadings causes degradation of strength and softening of TCC structure. Such effect produces damaging consequences on the concrete, timber and especially the shear connectors. The effective stiffness degradation of the TCC structure subjected to fatigue loading within SLS and beyond SLS are studied due to scarcity of past researches on the fatigue behavior of TCC structures. This research was carried out by utilizing Malaysian tropical timber (Koompasiamalaccensis) where its strength properties was tested according to ASTM D198 standard procedures. Not much significant changes of its effective stiffness and connection stiffness is observed when subjected to fatigue loadings within SLS but the degradation process occurs at an instantaneous rate when subjected to fatigue loading beyond SLS. The S-N curve, strain profile and post-mortem analysis generated provides a summarization and indicative prediction for the fatigue life behaviour of the designed TCC.
Dynamic Responses of Sandwich Cemboard-Foamed Concrete Panels Subjected to Low-Velocity Impact
Authors: Jaini Z M , Mokhatar S N , Hadipramana J , Abu Seman M
Published: January 2020

Sandwich cemboard-foamed concrete panel (SCFCP) has sparked the attention due to green and sustainability requirements in construction of building. SCFCP is essentially made of fiber cement board as core component and foamed concrete as outer layers. Shear connectors act as joint mechanism and create compositeness behaviour. However, investigations on SCFCP remains passive, creating a number of uncertainties particularly in dynamic responses. Therefore, this study intends to investigate the dynamic responses of SCFCP under low-velocity impact. Nine cube specimens were prepared using size of 100 mm x 100 mm x 100 mm, while nine panel specimens were casting using size of 1220 mm x 300 mm x 76 mm. The compression and impact tests were conducted on cube and panel specimens. The compression test revealed that foamed concrete has compressive strength approximately 18 MPa with density of 1600 kg/m3. Under low-impact of 1.39 m/s, it is noticeable that the impact force decreases from 8.41 kN to 6.73 kN in correspond to the spacing of shear connector. Contradictory, the displacement shows sprang off pattern with value between 87.90 mm to 96.50 mm.
Shear Performance of Pretensioned Prestressed Concrete Beam with Steel Fibre
Authors: Ismail Ruqayyah , Dee Goh Lyn , Nadia Nik Hasan Nik Nurul , Ali Rahman Azerai , Ahmad Zakwan Fariz Aswan
Published: January 2020

The use of steel fibre has proven to be effective in enhancing the performance of concrete structure. However, its application in the prestressed concrete is not fully understood. Therefore, this study presents the application of steel fibre in the prestressed concrete beam. An investigation on the crack pattern and load-deflection relationship of prestressed concrete beam filled with steel fibre was carried out and a comparison is made with the prestressed concrete beam without the steel fibre. A total of three configurations of beams with size of 150 × 200 × 1200 mm were employed. Steel fibres were added with two different volume fractions of 3% and 5%. Experimental results showed that the control beam experienced shear crack pattern, while the other two beams experienced the flexural-shear crack. In comparison between two different percentages of steel fibre in the beam configurations, more cracks were observed in the prestressed beam that filled with 3% steel fibre compared to the prestressed beam filled with 5% of steel fibre.
Strength and Structural Performance of Reinforced Concrete Beam with Artificial Plastic Fibre (APF)
Authors: Mokhatar S N , Mutalib N A N A , Budiea A M A , Kamarudin A F , Md Noh M S
Published: January 2020

Behaviour of Reinforced Concrete (RC) in beam structure has captured attention of many researchers. Many past researchers investigated the issue of concrete strength in tensile zone. The present research investigates the effect of waste nylon cable ties fibre that act as an Artificial Plastic Fibres (APF) in normal concrete mix and RC beam element. The concrete strength of 30 MPa have been utilized in this research. The percentage of APF that has been mixed with the concrete paste are 1% and 3%. For strength performance, nine (9) cube specimens and nine (9) cylinder specimens were tested under compressive and splitting tensile test, respectively. In addition, six (6) RC beam specimens were prepared and tested under three points bending test in order to investigate its structural performance. Based on the results, 0%, 1% and 3% of APF in concrete mix produces tensile strength of 1.89 MPa, 3.37 MPa and 2.66 MPa respectively. While, from the compression tests, 50.9 MPa, 47.2 MPa and 24.5 MPa were generated from 0%, 1% and 3% of APF, respectively. From this observations, only 1% of APF was employed in concrete mix to produce RC beam for structural performance investigations. Based on three point bending test, RC beam that consisting 1% of APF produced maximum load about 35.98 kN with 1.8 mm deflection compared with control specimen that can only endured until 27.93 kN of maximum load with 2.37 mm deflection. Further observation reveals that cracking of RC beam consisting 1% of APF reduce and delay the crack formation. Overall, utilization of 1% APF in RC beam successfully improves its strength and structural performance.
Shear Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Beams with Square Cross Section Subjected to Biaxial Bending
Authors: Thamrin R , Haris S , Dedi E , Dalmantias E
Published: January 2020

This paper presents the test result of an experimental study on the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams subjected to biaxial loads. Six simply supported reinforced concrete beams with square cross section were used. Three beams rotated at 22.5 degrees and three beams rotated at 45 degrees to the applied load were tested until failure. All beams were subjected to four-point bending test. The test variable in this study was ratio of longitudinal reinforcement. The values of flexural crack load, diagonal crack load and the ultimate load were observed during the test as well as the midpoint deflection of the beams. Existing empirical equation for shear strength of concrete presented in design codes was used and then compared to the values obtained from the test. Comparison between test results and theoretical shear capacity show that all of equations conservatively estimated the occurrence of shear failure with the values of the test results 25 to 55% higher than the theoretical values depending on the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement. It was also observed that ratio of longitudinal reinforcement influences the angle of diagonal shear crack.
A study on effectiveness of Building Information Modelling (BIM) on the Malaysian construction industry
Authors: Kong S W R , Lau L T , Wong S Y , Phan D T
Published: January 2020

The introduction of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in Malaysia has been fairly recent and is gaining popularity. Although most literature have been focused on the adoption and application of BIM in Malaysia construction industry, the effectiveness of BIM has not been investigated. This study aims to investigate the influence of BIM on the Malaysian construction industry. A qualitative approach was taken and interviews were conducted with professionals with prior knowledge in both the construction industry and BIM. Information obtained from the interviews was used to identify and categorise the determining factors. It was found that the application of BIM in Malaysian construction industry is somehow not fully effective in terms of time and cost, owing to the absence of standards in modelling and the frequent request for design changes. However, the results also show that BIM in Malaysia has the potential to be as effective as other developed countries if the major problems addressed being solved.
Project Manager’s Skills for improving the performance of complex projects in Kuwait Construction Industry: A Review
Authors: Alshammari Faisal , Yahya Khairulzan , Binti Haron Zaiton
Published: January 2020

The role of project manager is one of the crucial factors in achieving project success. Project managers handling large and complex construction projects have to deal with several factors to ensure coordination in achieving project delivery based on time, cost, and quality. However, recently, several large and complex projects in Kuwait s are facing several delays and overrun. According to previous research, the main factors were communication, teamwork & teambuilding, planning & coordination, problem solving, and interpersonal skills. The aim of this paper is to provide a review on project manager’s skills framework (PMSF) that are required in improving complex construction projects in Kuwait. Extensive literature reviews on the project managers skills in the management of the project were identified. It was found that skills such as teamwork, effective communication with staff and contractors, and effective resource management, effective planning and training, risk management are some of the important factor. The findings of this research contribute to exiting literature on developing a project managers skills framework (PMSF) that can be used by academic professional, business practitioners, and policy makers in identifying the issues facing construction projects and providing successful outcomes. Project managers involved in complex projects need to have strong skills to handle their team and every project participant. Project manager has the highest importance and critical to the success of the project. The literature review has indicated several skills that are important for project managers. The type of project determines the type and extend of skills that is required in successful project outcomes.
Benefits For Public Healthcare Buildings towards Net Zero Energy Buildings (NZEBs): Initial Reviews
Authors: Sulzakimin M , Masrom M A N , Hazli R , Adaji A A , Seow TW , Mohd Hilmi Izwan A R
Published: January 2020

NZEBs concept has received incrementing attention especially since European Union Parliament are progressively moving towards regulation in which all new buildings to be “nearly Zero-Energy” Buildings by 2020. Even though this concept delivers promising benefits, previous studies found that the benefit of NZEB is still in vague to the Malaysian construction industry, mostly for healthcare buildings. The NZEBs concept implementation is critical in healthcare building as it seen as a key part of the needed transition towards sustainable development. This paper aims to define benefits of NZEBs practices through initial investigation among architects. Several existing energies works of literature and pilot studies by using semi-structured interviews were conducted. The findings divulge that, although the term ‘NZEBs design strategies’ is not being used largely across construction industry in Malaysia, some sustainable practices related to the design stage of construction has been implemented. The findings are also promising in growing awareness, practices and implementation of NZEBs design strategies by the practitioner in Malaysia. It is foreseen that the paper will provide a straightforward knowledge for future research in NZEBs design strategies practices for healthcare buildings construction in Malaysia.
Assessing the Level of Community Involvement in Post-Disaster Housing Reconstruction and Current Green Design Practices towards Net-Zero Energy Buildings
Authors: Sulzakimin M , Adaji A A , Roy Hazli A , Mohammad Syabilee N L , Roshartini O , Indera Syahrul M R , Rozlin Z , Ebenehi I Y
Published: January 2020

The post-disaster housing reconstruction (PDHR) is a process discrete from the construction of housing when circumstances are undisturbed because sensitive measures are put in place following disasters occurrence. Most of the time, the successfulness of emergency relief efforts are usually recorded but the same cannot be said of PDHR projects because they often fail to meet sustainability factors. These days, the topic of sustainable building has become a leading concern in the academic, construction industries, and governmental agencies. Sustainability in the building sector has shifted emphasis towards a new concept called net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs). Data collection was done through a self-administration of structured questionnaires to 257 flood victims involved in the reconstruction projects. Findings indicated that community involvement in resource mobilisation and reconstruction process was insignificant due to misplacement of reconstruction priorities. This is capable of determining the failure of the project as beneficiaries’ requirements were not considered, and the construction industry is still unaware of NZEBs. This study is vital as stakeholders beginning with flood victims will have a more resilient housing, the government will be updated with robust strategies to solving resourcing and reconstruction issues, and donors will have value for their money.
Vibration Criteria Analysis on Floor due to Human Walking
Authors: Chik T N T , Xian P C , Yusoff N A
Published: January 2020

The development of concrete material technology and modern structural design pattern in Malaysia may not consider the effect of vibration from seismic and other sources. Floor vibration may affect the serviceability of the structural and also provide uncomfortable environment to occupants. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic analysis on floor at the first floor of Faculty of Technology Management and Business (FPTP) building. The analyses are compared with the vibration criteria guidelines by Gordon (1991) to identify the vibration sensitivity of the floor. The investigation on floor vibration due to people walking is using Finite Element Modelling (FEM) in ANSYS software in order to perform modal analysis and transient analysis. Modal analysis shows the result of the natural frequency of the floor and different mode shapes react with subjected various frequency. The time history of the vibration signal will be performed by transient analysis. Furthermore, the results are transferred to MATLAB software (e.g. VSATs) to assess the vibration criteria curve. The results of the vibration plot show the middle of floor panel and laboratory room are categorized under ISO level. Therefore, it can be concluded that this room is not suitable to accommodate the sensitive equipment particularly at the middle of the floor.
Enhancing the Knowledge and Proficiency for Interior Designers in Malaysia through the Implementation Building Information Modelling
Authors: Abd Hamid A B , Embi M R , Mohd Taib M Z , Abdul Razak A H N
Published: January 2020

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is the process to develop and enhance the process of work to ensure the accuracy in the scope of work and efficiency in the documentation are less error during the construction project. Having the knowledge and proficiency for interior designers on the required tasks and scope of work for interior designers are critical as a tools to manage interior project. This study is to emphasize the significance of knowledge and skill among interior designers in Malaysia while implement BIM in the interior projects. This research was conducted through preliminary study by choosing interior design firms in Klang Valley. Sixteen (16) interior design firms were choose randomly in this survey. The survey were conduct through questionnaire survey and discussion with the interior design expertise. The data was analysed the elements of barrier and key factors the enhancement of knowledge and proficiency for interior designers in Malaysia.
A Review of Green Roof: Definition, History, Evolution and Functions
Authors: Abass F , Ismail L H , Wahab I A , Elgadi A A
Published: January 2020

In cities, buildings contribute large unused panels, especially on their wall and roofs. These external surfaces generally made from materials that listed as a reflector to the heat such as concrete, glass, and bricks. Covering the external surfaces with green vegetation could be a solution to many environmental, economic and social problems, especially in the urban areas. A review was directed of studies that reported and measured on the relationship between characteristics of vegetation and their influence on building thermal performance, air and water pollution, and building energy-efficient. A numerous of published studies were investigated for their: (a) definition based on roof typologies and combinations; (b) historical evolution periods; (c) observation the green system functions. These analyses cover to afford scholars with a review of conventional techniques to understand one of the passive cooling strategies adopted in warm and cold climates. The techniques provide a significant contribution to the field of sustainable architecture, also to improve understanding of the progressive developments of a green roof. Despite other new designs of green system, this conventional and simple green roof has remained to contribute significantly to provide indoor thermal comfort.
Finite Element Modeling of Innovative Shallow Raft Foundation with Granular Pile Anchor System for Expansive Clays
Authors: Hamad Sfoog Ehab , Lim Meng Siang Alvin John , Albadri Wael M. , Naji Nahla , Sy Yi Sim , Anak Guntor Nickholas Anting
Published: January 2020

Granular pile anchor foundations (GPAF) are considered a significant promising foundation system to alleviate the serious effects of changes in the volume of expansive soils that occur throughout shrinkage and expansion. In this paper, 3D finite element analyses are presented by applying PLAXIS software, which is carried out on a typical double-story building built over a GPAF system in expansive soil. An investigation on GPAF system is presented in terms of its resistance ability to the forces caused by the soil movement as a result of variant moisture and the effect of the resistance on the superstructure induced by the straining actions. The results indicate the significance of the GPAF system in restricting the soil movement with high efficiency, which results in a noticeable improvement in the building structural responses in terms of uplift forces, heave and induced deformations.
The Evolution of Imperative Programming Paradigms as a Search for New Ways to Reduce Code Duplication
Authors: Avacheva T , Prutzkow A
Published: January 2020

The cause for imperative programming paradigm shift is the impossibility of developing software systems of a new level of complexity. We consider the evolution of programming paradigms: structured, procedural, and object-oriented. We demonstrate new ways of code duplication reducing have appeared with the shift of paradigm. We conclude the factor of code duplication reducing determines the direction of programming paradigm evolution. We discover the constraints, which were introduced in the paradigms, simplify the development of software systems. We conclude the new constraints allow the development of more complex software systems. The main reason for the code duplication is the low qualification of programmers. Therefore, in the process of learning programming, one should pay attention to code duplication and ways to reduce it.
Nonparametric Method for Aircraft Sensor Fault Real-Time Detection and Localization
Authors: Bondarenko Y , Chekin A , Zybin E , Kosyanchuk V
Published: January 2020

This paper is a part of a series of articles on unified nonparametric methods in dynamic systems theory. Here the authors propose a new method for dynamic system sensor fault real-time detection and localization based only on some past measurements of monitored system input-output signals. The described nonparametric method needs no any priori information on system or sensor model parameters and does not require functional redundancy, identification, prediction, training or statistical calculations. An example of nonparametric detection and localization of aircraft multiple sensor faults is presented.
Special Aspects of Quality Assurance in the Design, Manufacture, Testing of Aerospace Engineering Products
Authors: Dmitriev A Ya , Zagidulin R S , Mitroshkina T A
Published: January 2020

A quality assurance model is proposed for the design, manufacture, testing of aerospace products based on robust design approaches and the widespread use of additive technologies. Examples of developing proposals and optimizing the design of aerospace engineering products based on the presented are given. Tests of optimized prototypes of products made by selective laser sintering show positive results.
Buckling Problem Statement and Approaches to Buckling Problem Investigation of Structurally-Anisotropic Aircraft Panels Made from Composite Materials
Authors: Gavva L M , Firsanov V V , Korochkov A N
Published: January 2020

Aircraft composite structure design in the field of production technology is the outlook research trend. New mathematical model relations for the buckling investigation of structurally-anisotropic panels comprising composite materials are presented. The primary scientific novelty is the further development of the theory of thin-walled elastic ribs related to the contact problem for the skin and the rib with an improved rib model. One considers the residual thermal stresses and the preliminary tension of the reinforcing fibers with respect to panel production technology. The buckling problem results in the boundary value problem when solving for the eighth order partial derivative equation in the rectangular field. The solution is designed by a double trigonometric series and by a unitary trigonometric series. The results of testing series are presented.
About the Steady Horizontal Circulation of Airship
Authors: Grumondz V T , Morozov N I , Om Moung Htang
Published: January 2020

In this paper, the questions of the existence and calculation of the steady circulating motion of the airship in the horizontal plane are considered.
Design of an Experimental Test Bench for a UAV Type Convertiplane
Authors: Jatsun S , Emelyanova O , Martinez Leon A S
Published: January 2020

This paper deals with the design of a test bench for an unnamed aerial vehicle UAV type convertiplane with controlled electric drives and tilt rotors (propellers) executed on a quadcopter pattern. This experimental test bench provides an intermediate step between simulation process and real time flight of the UAV, it allows to test its and evaluate solutions in safe and controllable environment conditions. Thus, the development of methods of state estimation and control UAV becomes possible, in addition the developed system can be used for teaching about the basis of automatic control in multirotor aerial vehicles. The test bench presented in this paper contains a convertiplane type quadcopter attached on the base through a universal joint which let the UAV be able to rotate around plane axes x and y, while the vertical axis z is fixed, in turn this part of the system is fixed through a bar connected with a linear guideway block that moves over a linear guide which depends of the generated lifting force by the UAV. To determinate the travelled road of the system and the different parameters of the behavior of the convertiplane it has been also implemented a measuring system.
Modern Diagnostics of Aircraft Gas Turbine Engines
Authors: Komshin A S , Pronyakin V I
Published: January 2020

The article deals with the assessment of the technical condition of gas turbine engines. The analysis of the application of traditional approaches to the assessment of the technical condition of gas turbine engines. The technique of obtaining parameters of low-frequency torsional vibrations of the shaft on the basis of precision chronometric measurements is presented.
Operator’s State Estimation Based on the Face’s Video Images Analysis Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Korsun O N , Yurko V N , Mikhaylov E I
Published: January 2020

The paper deals with the problem of operator’s state estimating. For this purpose various approaches based on using deep convolutional neural networks are proposed. The approach using automatic emotion recognition methods is considered in the most detail. During the experiment video records of the operator’s face registered during operator performing the flight task on the flight simulator were processed. To determine the type of operator’s activity the studies based on using the emotional background of the face are also carried out. The experimental results of this approach confirmed the efficiency of the selected methods, especially for monitoring the operator’s state when falling asleep.
Automated Identification of Critical Malfunctions of Aircraft Engines Based on Modified Wavelet Transform and Deep Neural Network Clustering
Authors: Kulagin V P , Akimov D A , Pavelyev S A , Potapov D A
Published: January 2020

The paper considers the issues of automatic classification of vibrational states of aircraft engine malfunctions based on the use of convolutional neural network processing of vibrational measurement data presented in spectral form and the knowledge of experts with experience in interpreting spectrograms characterizing the vibrational state of aircraft engines. The developed spectrogram analysis model allows the state monitoring of aircraft engines in automatic mode both during maintenance and in flight operation. The system is able to timely notify technical personnel or crew about the appearance of signs of emergency situations, as well as the type of possible malfunctions. It is shown that the main problem affecting the quality of detection of a potential turbine malfunction is a small sample of data corresponding to malfunctioning states. It is proposed to detect emission anomalies in a small sample by recognizing a modified wavelet transform and neural network clustering, which allows more complete formation of a training sample. The data samples used in training the neural network classifier during the experimental studies were generated on the basis of existing archive files containing complete aperture data from engine vibration sensors and information about malfunctions detected in them.
Reliability Analysis of the Air Transportation Network when Blocking Nodes and/or Connections Based on the Methods of Percolation Theory
Authors: Lesko Sergey , Aleshkin Anton , Zhukov Dmitry
Published: January 2020

The paper shows that to study the reliability and fault tolerance of air transportation networks, methods of percolation theory can be used, in which any aviation transport structure can be represented as a random non-planar, incompletely connected graph (nodes are airports, arcs are airlines). In the theory of percolation, one can consider the solution of the problems of finding the shares of blocked nodes and blocked connections for networks with various random and regular structures, in which they decompose into unconnected areas. The share of blocked nodes (in the node problem) or connections (in the connection problem), at which the conductivity between two arbitrarily selected network nodes disappears, is called the percolation (flow) threshold. For the same structure, the values of percolation thresholds for the bond problem and the node problem have different meanings. The percolation threshold value depends on the average number of connections per network node (density), and is a criterion for its reliability, i.e. determines the percentage of blocked nodes and/or communications that the network will lose the necessary level of performance ability. The dependence of the blocking threshold (percolation) on the network connection density can be expressed mathematically. Using a map of a real aviation transport network, it is possible to determine the average number of connections per one node and then calculate the threshold value of its predetermined reliability value. If the reliability threshold needs to be increased, then the necessary number of additional links can be calculated.
Printed Load Cells on Clothing Made of Fire-Protective Fabric
Authors: Lozitskaya A V , Kondratov A P , Baranov V A , Cherkasov E P
Published: January 2020

The paper represents the trial results of nonwoven fabric stencil-screen printed gauge indicators that can be made on other two types of fabric. They can be applied either for specific producing of pilot and test pilots’ uniform or for airport emergency and fire officers clothing. The research being carried out, volt-ampere characteristics of conductive belt layer and electrical resistance scale effected by distortion were identified. It was also revealed that aramid fiber fabric sensors were to be applicable for creep stress measurement at temperatures of 20–200 C.
Modeling Systems Based on the Assessment of Weak Symmetry Breaking in Reconstructed Attractors
Authors: Nikulchev Evgeny
Published: January 2020

The paper proposes to use the research method for chaotic processes based on the identification of weak symmetry breaking of the restored attractor. It is shown how the calculations results can be used to identify systems. An algorithm for creating finite-difference models has been developed, including: calculating by numerical methods the necessary conditions for the existence of chaos, reconstructing an attractor in a time series, searching for symmetric attractor fragments under conditions of weak symmetry breaking, determining the form of nonlinearities, and parametric identification. The result of the algorithm is a system of finite-difference equations in the state space Criteria for assessing symmetry breaking based on estimates of the divergence of fragments of phase trajectories are introduced. The results of modeling systems with chaotic dynamics are presented.
Algorithm Development for Estimating Projections of Wind Velocity Using Measurements of Airspeed, Angle of Attack and Sideslip
Authors: Moung Htang Om , Latt Kyaw Zin , Zhelannikov A I
Published: January 2020

The article considers the problem of estimating wind velocity in flight. The method proposed in this paper provides estimates for three projections of wind velocity in a normal Earth coordinate system using satellite navigation data (SNS), as well as on-board barometric measurements of flight speed. It is assumed that the wind has a constant velocity and direction for the flight interval, the duration of which is 30–31 s. The proposed algorithm can provide measurement of three projections of wind velocity for interval 0.5 s, which compares favourably with other options when the required observation interval was tens of seconds.
Speech Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Networks on Small Training Sets
Authors: Poliyev A V , Korsun O N
Published: January 2020

The algorithm of separate words automatic recognition based on convolutional neural networks is developed and presented in this paper. Distinctive feature of this algorithm is the training on sets consisting of only hundreds or thousands of samples. Therefore, important problem is the selection of optimal architecture for neural network, which was firstly proposed and tested. After that, four different cases for recognition were researched: speaker-dependent recognition without noise, speaker-independent recognition without noise, speaker-dependent recognition with noise, speaker-independent recognition without noise. Finally, we analyse the experiment results that showed good results for all cases of interest.
Mathematical Model of Lithium-Ion Battery Cell and Battery (Lib) on its Basis
Authors: Smagin D I , Trofimov A A , Napreenko K S , Neveshkina A R
Published: January 2020

The article considers a mathematical model of lithium-ion battery cell and battery (LIB) on its basis. The developed mathematical model allows predicting LIB temperature on different parts of its surface during charging and discharging by nominal and maximum currents. The results of the battery discharge process simulation and validation of the mathematical model based on the field experiment results are also presented
Structure and properties of graphene reinforced Ti-based composite coatings on TC4 alloy by argon arc cladding
Authors: Meng J S , Shi X P , Zhang S J , Wang M Y , Liu B B , Xue F , Cui WC
Published: January 2020

The TiC coating was prepared on TC4 alloy using argon arc cladding method of graphene and titanium powder to improve wear resistance. The microstructure and phase of coating was observed by XRD, OM and SEM. The properties of coating were tested by microhardness-tester and dry slipping friction tester. The results show that the coating consists of TiC and Ti, and the composite coatings have good bonding with substrate. The in-situ synthesis of TiC particles are uniformly distributed in the composite coatings, and the morphology of TiC particles are composed of particle-shaped, rod-like and flower-like morphologies. The average microhardness of composite coating can reach 835 HV, about 2.8 times of the substrate. The composite coating has excellent tribological properties.
Novel tubular graphene synthesized via chemical vapor deposition process
Authors: Yang Ming , Wang Yanyan , Dong Lei , Wu Zhekun , Liu Yanhua , Peng Changsi
Published: January 2020

In this work, we prepared a novel nanoscale tubular graphene (TG) by depositing it on the surface of nickel nanowires (Ni-NWs). This method allowed us to synthetize Ni-NWs by a chemical reduction process carried out under water-bath heat and magnetic field. The TG was subsequently deposited on the as-prepared Ni-NWs through a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process under atmospheric pressure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy revealed the presence of Ni-NWs and TG/Ni-NW composites containing a few layers of graphene. The diameters of the Ni-NWs and TG/Ni-NW composites were ca. 300–500 and 500–1000 nm, respectively. The novel tubular structure of graphene provided this material with large specific surface area and excellent electrical conductivity, making it an ideal for sensor applications.
Performance analysis of automatic sprinkler systems in warehouses using fire dynamic simulation
Authors: Nonsawat Pennurat , Patvichaichod Supat
Published: January 2020

This research is based on studying the capability of automatic sprinkler systems by applying fire dynamics simulation. The selection of scenarios based on NFPA 101. A warehouse containing diving instrument in carton placed on wood pallets, which can cause class A fires. To prevent potential damage to the goods, the conflagration in this specific scenarios is simulated to study the effects of temperature on the roof deterioration, the proficiency of the automatic sprinkler systems to extinguish the fire. Researchers found that the sprinklers located on the ceiling of the warehouse are not able to put out the fire but are able to control further spreading of the fire. Researchers, then, install more fire sprinklers in the racks, following the standard from NFPA 13. Results have shown that the second set of sprinklers is not capable of extinguishing the fire but controlling the spread and significantly reducing the temperature. Furthermore, installing both sets of fire sprinklers can prevent the collapse of the roof.
Performance analysis of inert gas systems in main distribution board room using fire dynamics simulation
Authors: Rattananon Nummon , Patvichaichod Supat
Published: January 2020

This study focused on the fire-extinguishing performance of inert gas in main distribution board room using fire dynamics simulator. The study included 4 types of inert gas: Nitrogen, Argon, Argonite and Inergen. The simulation was done in a 1 meters wide x 2.1 meters height x 1 meters deep main distribution board. In simulation, according to each type of inert gas, 3405.0 kW/m2 heat release rate of electrical wires with ramp-up time at 492.0 second using concentration of inert gases based on NFPA 2001 standard. With initial concentration of Nitrogen at 41.9%, Argon 52.9%, Argonite 42.7% and Inergen 38.5% and also simulated the incidents when increased safety factor of Class C fire to 50% and 100% respectively in all 4 experimental gases which divided into 12 cases.

The results showed that different types of inert gases did not affect the fire-extinguishing performance caused by the same fuel in the same environment. And the increasing of safety factor of Class C fire by 50% and 100% respectively in all 4 types of inert gas did not improve their fire-extinguishing performance.
Evacuation time analysis of high-rise building by Using Pathfinder case study: Residential Occupancy
Authors: Sudte Jeeraphon , Patvichaichod Supat
Published: January 2020

This research involves the study of evacuation time for a high-rise and extra-large building in Bangkok, which has 41 stories. The height of building is 143.7 meters and the building have usage area of 31,898 square meters. The objectives of this research are the estimate time of the building evacuation. The building occupant load of 2,461 persons was estimated according to NFPA 101 Life Safety Code. The simulation via Pathfinder was carried out for 4 cases; Case 1 fire in resident room on the 13th floor is to ensure that the type fires most likely to occur, Case 2 fire in lounge at the 35th floor that a large number of occupants in a large area and Case 3,4 from case 1 and case 2 the exit stair at the inside is not available. The building evacuation times are 2,321 seconds, 2,410.8 seconds, 2,736.3 seconds, and 2,841.8 seconds respectively. In the case where only one exit stair is available, the building evacuation time may be increase because of the congestions at the exit stair.
Performance – based life safety analysis of the hospital building
Authors: Chiangaek Natnaree , Patvichaichod Supat
Published: January 2020

This study Performance – Based Life Safety Analysis of the Hospital Building reference NFPA 101, Life Safety Code. Four simulation scenarios were selected for this simulation. First, fire in a patient room; evacuation time is 2,847.3 seconds after the announcement. Second, fire in a storage room near the canteen; evacuation time is 3,014.5 seconds after the announcement. Third, from the first and second scenarios have a nonoperative fire alarm system which increases evacuation time that is 3,122.0 seconds and 3,235.8 seconds respectively. From simulation results shows that the first problem is the bottleneck at the fire escape door. It must be modified by expanding the door. And the second problem is the slow movement of the patient that has to solve the problem by having a staff to help evacuate.
Numerical simulation of flow control in lift-increase effect using air-blowing
Authors: Kao Xu , Xiaojun Zhu , Jianghong Zhu , Feng Li
Published: January 2020

In this study, numerical simulation method is applied to analyze the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil influenced by the parameters of the jet port. The NACA0012 airfoil is studied by using the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations with the structural grid. The influence of air-blowing speed, width, position of the jet and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of the airfoil is presented. The results show that, for the airfoil, the lift coefficient can be impacted by blowing speed, width and position of the jet to a certain extent. Jet control can reduce the stall angle of attack of the airfoil, but before the stall angle of attack, the effect of lift-increase is almost same at different angle of attack. A basis for the jet design and the selection of jet position along the wing is provide.