bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Çevreye Duyarlı ve Yeşil Tüketici: Üniversite Öğrencilerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Authors: ACER Aynur , KARAGÖZ TAŞKIN İsmet Bihter
Published: April 2020

Çevre
sorunları, günümüzün en önemli sorunlarından biridir ve günümüz tedarik zinciri
yönetiminin her aşamasında çevrenin dikkate alınması gerekliliği doğmuştur. Bu
gereklilik ile beraber, tedarik zinciri içinde yer alan tüm üyeler yeşil prensibini
gerek isteyerek gerekse zorunluluklar ile benimsemeye başlamıştır. Bu bağlamda bu
çalışmanın amacını üniversite öğrencilerinin demografik özelliklerinin çevreye
duyarlı tutum ve davranışları üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek oluşturmaktadır.
Bu nedenle, İstanbul’da vakıf üniversitelerinde öğrenim gören 427 öğrenciye
anket uygulanarak veriler toplanmıştır. Toplanan bu veriler SPSS programı ile
analiz edilerek, üniversite öğrencilerinin yeşil satın alma konusunda tutum ve
davranışları ile ilgili değişimler tespit edilmiştir.
Scope of phytotherapeutics in targeting ACE2 mediated Host-Viral Interface of SARS‐CoV2 that causes COVID-19
Authors: Dhanasekaran Sivaraman , P.S Pradeep
Published: April 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that cause COVID-19 becomes a global threat and spread its pandemicity across the boundaries. Recent demography issued by WHO forecasting the severity of disease prevalence in more than 200 countries resulted in 16,96,588 laboratory confirmed cases excluding 1,05,952 deaths as on 12 April 2020. Countries like USA (4,92,881), Italy (1,52,271), Spain (1,61,852), Germany (1,20,479) are struggling hard to flatten their epidemic curve of COVID-19. Dynamic strategies are of utmost important in order to manage the crucial spread of SARS-CoV-2. Drug of herbal origin may offer reliable therapeutic opportunity in controlling widespread transmission. It was evident from the scientific outcomes that SARS‐CoV-2 gains access in to the host cell through angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. Hence drugs that reveals potential binding affinity with core amino acid of ACE-2 may expected to interfere the host-viral interaction. In our present investigation 28 lead molecules from well documented medicinal herbs were subjected to molecular docking analysis targeting ACE2 receptor and their potential of impeding host-viral interface were evaluated. Results of computational analysis signifies that out of 28 ligands nearly 11 bioactive lead molecules exhibit potential binding affinity of about 100% with the target amino acid residue (31 Lys and 353 Lys)
In Search for Effective and Safe Drugs Against SARS-CoV-2: Part I] Simulated Interactions Between Selected Nutraceuticals, ACE2 Enzyme and S Protein Simple Peptide Sequences
Authors: Abdel-Mottaleb M. Sabry , Abdel-Mottaleb Yousra
Published: April 2020

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) remains a world pandemic with little treatment options. Nature has provided a plethora of compounds that may offer potential protection and/or treatment choices. Earlier studies have shown a pivotal role of Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this context, seven natural compounds were selected and their binding to specific peptide sequences of the coronavirus S-protein: ACE2 interface-drug binding adduct were calculated. Further to the natural drugs, we also similarly examined four well-known antiviral drugs. Moreover, the binding-interface of the isolated coronavirus S-protein and the isolated ACE2 receptor were also individually explored. The identified drug molecules positioned itself achieving geometries of minimum energy resulting in limiting viral recognition of host cells or to disturb host-virus interactions. The frontier orbitals (HOMO-LUMO) play crucial role in the binding interactions of the studied molecules. Most of the drugs act as electron sink whereas the S protein behaves as nucleophile. The results reported pave the way for the identification of small-drug molecule of natural origin with potentially tolerable side effects that can offer protection and/or treatment against coronavirus S-protein COVID-19. Experimental validation is of urgent demand.
MOLECULAR DOCKING STUDY TO IDENTIFY POTENTIAL INHIBITOR OF COVID-19 MAIN PROTEASE ENZYME: AN IN-SILICO APPROACH
Authors: Agrawal Anurag , Jain Nem Kumar , Kumar Neeraj , Kulkarni Giriraj T
Published: April 2020

This study belongs to identification of suitable COVID-19 inhibitors

Coronavirus became pandemic very soon and is a potential threat to human lives across the globe. No approved drug is currently available therefore an urgent need has been developed for any antiviral therapy for COVID-19. For the molecular docking study, ten herbal molecules have been included in the current study. The three-dimensional chemical structures of molecules were prepared through ChemSketch 2015 freeware. Molecular docking study was performed using AutoDock 4.2 simulator and Discovery studio 4.5 was employed to predict the active site of target enzyme. Result indicated that all-natural molecules found in the active site of enzyme after molecular docking. Oxyacanthine and Hypericin (-10.990 and -9.05 and kcal/mol respectively) have shown good binding efficacy among others but Oxyacanthine was the only natural product which made some of necessary interactions with residues in the enzyme require for target inhibition. Therefore Oxyacanthine may be considered to be potential inhibitor of main protease enzyme of virus but need to be explored for further drug development process.
Arene Dearomatization via a Catalytic N-Centered Radical Cascade Reaction
Authors: McAtee Rory , Noten Efrey , Stephenson Corey
Published: April 2020

This photocatalysis methodology leverages N-centered radicals, from easily prepared γ,δ-unsaturated N-arylsulfonyl enamides, to initiate a carboamination/dearomatization cascade reaction that generates stereodefined 1,4-cyclohexadiene-fused sultams. This unique reactivity serves as a general platform for arene dearomatization and the fused heterocyclic products are viewed as valuable building blocks for drug discovery programs.
Anti-obesity effect of Tamarindus indicus seed extract against a high-fat diet-induced obese model in rats
Authors: Nabeel K  , Asra Fathima  , Farhath Khanum  , Manjula S N  , Mruthunjaya K  , Vengal Rao P  , Seema Mehdi
Published: April 2020

The present study was aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity property of Tamarindus indica seed extract (TSE) on high fat-fed obese rats. TSE was prepared by cold maceration method and qualitative phytochemical studies had been carried out. In vitro cell viability assay (MTT assay) was and oil red staining for evaluating the lipid accumulation in cells was carried out using 3T3-L1 cells, and leptin levels was evaluated by ELISA. In-vivo Obesity was induced in experimental rats by administration of a high-fat diet for 04 weeks. The anti-obesity effect was screened by oral administration of TSE at two different dose levels i.e., 250 and 500mg/kg b. Wt. Along with a high-fat diet for a period of 04 weeks. The anti-obesity activity is estimated in terms of body weight gain, serum triglycerides (TG), Total cholesterol (TC). In -vitro studies revealed that the TSE has no cytotoxic effect, Administration of a high-fat diet for 04 weeks significantly increased the body weight, serum triglycerides, cholesterol. Upon treatment with TSE, a significant dose-dependent alteration in body weight, triglycerides, cholesterol levels were observed, inferring the anti-obesity property of Tamarindus seed extract.
Arc atomic emission analysis of the feedstock for production of metallurgical alumina
Authors: Koshel E. S. , Petrova K. V. , Baranovskaya V. B. , Kuminova Ya. V.
Published: April 2020

The analytical capabilities of the arc atomic emission analysis for determination the impurities in kaolin clays, the feedstock for producing metallurgical alumina, were studied. The analytical lines of the elements that are most free of interferences are selected. The conditions of the analysis and parameters of the spectrometer are determined: current strength, exposure, interelectrode distance, types and parameters of electrodes, weight of the sample. The detection limits and limits of determination of the following elements are specified: Ca, Cr, Cu, Ga, Mg, Mn, Mo, Nb, Ni, Pb, Sc, Ti, V, Y, Zn, Zr, La. The limits of determination are n x 10–5 – n x 10–6 wt.%. A comparative analysis of the samples of kaolin clays previously analyzed by another method in the framework of inter-method comparative tests is carried out. It is shown that there are no significant discrepancies between the results obtained by both two methods.
Study of plasma-hardened wheel steel using nanoindentation
Authors: Kanaev A. T. , Ramazanova Z. M. , Biizhanov S. K.
Published: April 2020

The necessity and possibility of using nanoindentation in studying the physical and mechanical properties of plasma-hardened wheel steel are considered. The goal of the study is demonstration and substantiation of significant differences in the mechanical properties and behavior of the materials in nanoscale tests from those determined in traditional macroscopic tests. The method was implemented using a NanoHardnessTecter nanohardness tester. The electric field formed in the nanoscale hardness tester pressed on the indenter and the diamond tip of the indenter is immersed in the surface layer of the material under study. The characteristics of the surface layer are determined using the developed software. Knowledge of the physicomechanical characteristics of the material (hardness, Young’s modulus, elastic recovery, etc.) which affect the wear resistance of the surface layers, allows one to evaluate and select the optimal surface modification technology using plasma hardening. The credibility of determination depends on the parameters of measuring equipment and compliance with the requirements to the depth of the imprint depending on the thickness of the hardened layer. The studies were carried out on the samples cut from the rim and crest of a railway wheel subjected to surface plasma hardening on a UPNN-170 installation (Russia). It is shown that the hardness (according to VickersHVandH) of the rim is greater, and Young’s modulus, on the contrary, is less than the corresponding characteristics of the crest. Moreover, the wear resistance of hardened structural steel increases after nanostructural friction treatment.
Two multi-fragment recombination events resulted in the β-lactam-resistant serotype 11A-ST6521 related to Spain9V-ST156 pneumococcal clone spreading in south-western Europe, 2008 to 2016
Authors: González-Díaz Aida , Machado Miguel P , Càmara Jordi , Yuste José , Varon Emmanuelle , Domenech Miriam , Del Grosso María , Marimón José María , Cercenado Emilia , Larrosa Nieves , Quesada María Dolores , Fontanals Dionisia , El-Mniai Assiya , Cubero Meritxell , Carriço João A , Martí Sara , Ramirez Mario , Ardanuy Carmen
Published: April 2020

Background

The successful pneumococcal clone Spain9V-ST156 (PMEN3) is usually associated with vaccine serotypes 9V and 14.

Aim

Our objective was to analyse the increase of a serotype 11A variant of PMEN3 as cause of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Spain and its spread in south-western Europe.

Methods

We conducted a prospective multicentre study of adult IPD in Spain (2008–16). Furthermore, a subset of 61 penicillin-resistant serotype 11A isolates from France, Italy, Portugal and Spain were subjected to whole genome sequencing (WGS) and compared with 238 genomes from the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA).

Results

Although the incidence of serotype 11A in IPD was stable, a clonal shift was detected from CC62 (penicillin-susceptible) to CC156 (penicillin-resistant). By WGS, three major 11A-CC156 lineages were identified, linked to ST156 (n = 5 isolates; France, Italy and Portugal), ST166 (n = 4 isolates; France and Portugal) and ST838/6521 (n = 52 isolates; France, Portugal and Spain). Acquisition of the 11A capsule allowed to escape vaccine effect. AP200 (11A-ST62) was the donor for ST156 and ST838/6521 but not for ST166. In-depth analysis of ST838/6521 lineage showed two multi-fragment recombination events including four and seven fragments from an 11A-ST62 and an NT-ST344 representative, respectively.

Conclusion

The increase in penicillin-resistant serotype 11A IPD in Spain was linked to the spread of a vaccine escape PMEN3 recombinant clone. Several recombination events were observed in PMEN3 acquiring an 11A capsule. The most successful 11A-PMEN3 lineage spreading in south-western Europe appeared after two multi-fragment recombination events with representatives of two major pneumococcal clones (11A-ST62 and NT-ST344).
PERSPECTIVES OF PROJECT ENGINEERING IN THE DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE IN COLOMBIA AND POSSIBILITIES OF ENERGY USE AND VALUATION
Authors: Posada Enrique
Published: April 2020

An analysis is made of the importance of engineering and conceptual analysis for the study of waste treatment and management alternatives. A review of the history of waste disposal in the Valley of Aburrá region of Colombia, allows to discuss the and problems of application of the project engineering and the lessons learned. Proposals are made as a contribution to the potential use of waste to energy methods of waste managing for the region and the country as a sustainable and effective tool for the management of solid waste.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE INVESTORS TO INVEST IN MUTUAL FUNDS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Rout Bishwajit , Mohanty Sangeeta
Published: April 2020

Indian mutual fund industry started with traditional products like equity fund, debt fund and balanced fund and later significantly increased it’s product base. Today, the industry has introduced a wide range of products such as money market funds, sector specific funds, index funds, gilt funds, insurance linked funds, exchange traded funds, and marching towards reality funds. The different types of schemes offered by the Indian mutual fund industry provide several options of investment to common man. What is noteworthy is that bulk of the mobilization has been by the private sector mutual funds rather than bank sponsored mutual funds. Through this paper the author has attempted to focus on the the factors that motivate the investors to invest in mutual funds.
APLIKASI RADAR CUACA UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI FLUKTUASI KONDISI CUACA EKSTRIM (STUDI KASUS: BANJIR DI KOTA MEDAN TANGGAL 5 OKTOBER 2018)
Authors: Prasetyo Budi , Pusparini Nikita , Irwandi Irwandi , Fitria Welly
Published: April 2020

Intisari Data Radar cuaca Enterprise Electronics Corporation (EEC) selama 24 jam pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2018 mulai pukul 07.00 WIB hingga 07.00 WIB tanggal 6 Oktober 2018 digunakan pada penelitian ini. Data ini diperoleh dari Balai Besar Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika Wilayah I dalam format volumetric (.vol) dan memiliki selang waktu per 10 menit. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif hasil produk turunan Radar yang diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak yang berasal dari produsen radar yaitu Enterprise Doppler Graphic Environment (EDGE) berupa Coloumn Maximum (CMAX), momen intensitas horizontal, momen rata-rata curah hujan, dan Vertical Integrated Reflectivity (VIR), serta grafik curah hujan (RHG). Penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa fluktuasi kondisi cuaca yang terjadi pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2018 sangat tinggi. Secara umum, curah hujan intensitas tinggi yang terjadi di Kota Medan pada tanggal 5 Oktober 2018 umumnya terbagi menjadi tiga periode, yaitu hujan pada siang hingga sore (pukul 14.00 – 15.50 WIB), hujan pada petang (pukul 18.20 – 19.40 WIB), dan hujan pada malam hari (21.10 – 23.40 WIB). Fluktuasi tertinggi terjadi pada periode pertama dengan kenaikan curah hujan tertinggi terjadi di Kecamatan Medan Helvetia dengan kenaikan curah hujan sebanyak 32 mm dalam 10 menit yang terjadi pada pukul 14.50 WIB, pada periode kedua terjadi di Kecamatan Medan Kota dengan kenaikan 24 mm pada pukul 18.20 WIB, dan periode ketiga terjadi di Kecamatan Medan Johor dengan kenaikan 17 mm pada pukul 21.20 WIB. Abstract Enterprise Electronics Corporation (EEC) Data Radar for 24 hours on October 5th, 2018, starting at 7:00 LT until 07.00 LT on October 6th, 2018, were used in this research. These data were obtained from the Center for Meteorology, Climatology and Geophysics in Region I in the form of volumetric (.vol) and has an interval of 10 minutes. The method used were descriptive analysis of Radar products processed by software from Radar manufacture, namely Enterprise Doppler Graphic Environment (EDGE) software which in the form of Column Maximum (CMAX) moments of horizontal intensity and moments of average rainfall, Vertical Integrated Reflectivity (VIR), and rainfall graph (RHG). We found that there were high fluctuations in weather conditions that occurred on October 5th, 2018. In general, the high-intensity rainfall occurred in Medan city on October 5th, 2018 was generally divided into three periods, namely rain in the afternoon until evening (at 14:00 - 15:50 LT), rain at dusk (18:20 - 19:40 LT), rain at night (21.10 - 23.40 LT). The highest fluctuation occurred in the first period with the highest increase of rainfall occurred in Medan Helvetia Subdistrict with an increase of 32 mm rainfall in 10 minutes which occurred at 14.50 LT; the second period occurred in Medan Kota District with a 24 mm increase at 18.20 LT, and the third period occurred in Medan Johor District with a 17 mm increase at 21.20 LT.
KONVERGENSI ATMOSFER LAPISAN BAWAH DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN HUJAN EKSTRIM (STUDI KASUS: BANJIR CIREBON 15 FEBRUARI 2017)
Authors: Mulyana Erwin
Published: April 2020

IntisariTelah dilakukan analisis kondisi atmosfer di berbagai lapisan ketinggian untuk melihat keterkaitannya dengan kejadian hujan ekstrim di wilayah perbatasan Jawa Barat-Jawa Tengah pada tanggal 15 Februari 2017. Area penelitian difokuskan di area 108.00-109.50 BT dan 6.50-7.50 LS yang merupakan area hujan ekstrim (AHE). Analisis sebaran dan waktu kejadian hujan menggunakan data GSMaP dengan resolusi 0.10 x 0.10 dan periode setiap satu jam, data satelit MERRA2 dengan resolusi 0.6250 x 0.50 dengan periode setiap 3 jam, data Radiosonde stasiun Cengkareng jam 07.00 dan 19.00 WIB, serta citra satelit Himawari 8. Hujan di wilayah AHE berlangsung pada jam 13.00–23.00 WIB dengan puncak hujan terjadi pada jam 18.00 WIB. Saat terjadi hujan ekstrim, terdapat perlambatan angin baratan di wilayah AHE serta adanya pertemuan angin dari utara dan dari selatan di wilayah tersebut. Area AHE merupakan area dengan konvergensi kuat pada level ketinggian 925 mb dan 850 mb, sebaliknya terjadi divergensi pada level ketinggian 700 mb dan 500 mb. Data Radiosonde menunjukkan kelembapan udara dari permukaan hingga lapisan 400 mb umumnya lebih dari 80%. Freezing level pada jam 07.00 WIB terdapat di level 571 mb (4.622 m) dan pada jam 19.00 WIB terdapat di level 585 mb (4.820 m).  AbstractHave been analyzed of the atmospheric conditions at various altitudes in its relationship with extreme rainfall over West Java-Central Java border area on February 15th, 2017. The study area is focused on the 108.00-109.50 East and 6.50-7.50 South, which is the extreme rainfall area (AHE). The data used in this study are GSMaP hourly rainfall (0.10 x 0.10), MERRA2 satellite three-hourly data (0.6250 x 0.50), Cengkareng Radiosonde data at 07.00 LT and 19.00 LT, and Himawari 8 Satellite imagery. The rainfall in the AHE area occurred at 13.00–23.00 LT, with the peak rainfall, occurred at 18.00 LT. The lower atmospheric westerly wind became slower over the AHE area, while the northerly and southerly wind converged at this area. The AHE area has a strong convergence at level 925 mb, and 850 mb, conversely divergence occurred at level 700 mb and 500 mb. The Radiosonde data shows that the air humidity is generally more than 80% from the surface to 400 mb. The freezing level at 07.00 LT found at 571 mb (4,622 m) while at 19.00 LT found at 585 mb (4,820 m).
EVALUASI HASIL PELAKSANAAN TEKNOLOGI MODIFIKASI CUACA (TMC) UNTUK MENGURANGI INTENSITAS CURAH HUJAN (STUDI KASUS: KEGIATAN TMC DI AREA PEMBANGUNAN PROYEK JALAN TOL BALIKPAPAN-SAMARINDA, KALIMANTAN TIMUR TAHUN 2018)
Authors: Prayoga M. Bayu Rizky , Sibarani Rini Mariana , Yananto Ardila , Wirahma Samba , Harsoyo Budi
Published: April 2020

IntisariPenerapan Teknologi Modifikasi Cuaca (TMC) di Indonesia terus mengalami perkembangan. Tidak hanya untuk menambah curah hujan, belakangan TMC kerap dijadikan solusi yang menjanjikan untuk mengurangi curah hujan si suatu daerah. Melalui konsep Metode Kompetisi dan Metode Jumping Process, curah hujan di suatu daerah dapat dikurangi intensitasnya. Penerapan TMC untuk mengurangi curah hujan pernah diterapkan di area proyek pembangunan jalan tol-Balikpapan-Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur. Melalui evaluasi terhadap curah hujan secara spasial maupun temporal, dapat diketahui indikasi pengurangan curah hujan di wilayah tersebut. Secara spasial, aktivitas TMC mampu meredistribusi hujan di daerah upwind sehingga area pembangunan tol mendapatkan curah hujan yang lebih kecil. Menggunakan pendekatan statistik dengan membandingkan curah hujan prediksi dan curah hujan aktual, didapatkan estimasi tingkat pengurangan curah hujan selama kegiatan TMC berlangsung di kisaran nilai 40%. AbstractThe application of Weather Modification Technology (WMT) in Indonesia continues to develop. Not only to increase rainfall, but WMT is often used as a promising solution to reduce rainfall in an area. Through the concept of the Competition Method and the Jumping Process Method, the intensity of rainfall in an area can be reduced. The application of WMT to reduce rainfall has been applied in the project area of the Balikpapan-Samarinda toll road construction, East Kalimantan. Through the evaluation of rainfall spatially and temporally, it can be seen as an indication of a reduction in rainfall in the region. Spatially, WMT activity can redistribute rainfall in the upwind area so that the toll road construction area gets smaller rainfall. Using a statistical approach by comparing predicted rainfall and actual rainfall, an estimated level of rainfall reduction during the TMC activity takes place in the range of 40%.
KARAKTERISTIK KETINGGIAN DASAR AWAN YANG DIUKUR DENGAN SENSOR INFRA MERAH RADIOMETER PADA PUNCAK MUSIM HUJAN DI JABODETABEK.
Authors: Renggono Findy
Published: April 2020

IntisariInformasi mengenai tinggi dasar awan penting bagi penelitian atmosfer dan juga sebagai masukan bagi pemodelan cuaca. Pada kegiatan modifikasi cuaca, informasi ini juga sangat penting dalam menentukan awan yang akan disemai. Dalam tulisan ini, pengukuran tinggi dasar awan dilakukan dengan menggunakan sensor infra merah yang terpasang pada radiometer. Sensor infra merah ini akan mengukur suhu dasar awan yang kemudian dapat diketahui ketinggiannya dengan melihat temperatur lapse rate. Hasil pengukuran dibandingkan dengan hasil pengamatan awan oleh micro rain radar yang terletak di lokasi yang sama. Hasil pengukuran dari kedua peralatan ini menunjukkan kesesuaian antara kemunculan awan pada micro rain radar yang ditunjukkan dengan struktur vertikal awan dengan hasil pengamatan dengan IRT dari radiometer. Pengamatan selama puncak musim hujan di Jabodetabek (Januari – Maret 2019) menunjukan adanya pola harian yang cukup jelas. AbstractInformation on cloud properties is important for atmospheric research and as well as for weather modeling. In weather modification, this information is very important for cloud seeding strategy. The observation of cloud base height is carried out using infrared sensors mounted on a radiometer. These infrared thermometer sensors are capable of detecting the cloud base temperature, the cloud base height is obtained by looking at the temperature lapse rate retrieved from radiometer observation. The results were compared with the cloud observation by micro rain radar which is located at the same location. The comparison results of these two instruments show that the consistency of cloud detection was good. Based on the observation during the peak of the rainy season in Jabodetabek (January-March 2019), it is shown a fairly clear daily pattern
DETEKSI KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN MENGGUNAKAN CITRA SATELIT HIMAWARI-8 DI KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Sepriando Alpon , Hartono Hartono , Jatmiko Retnadi Heru
Published: April 2020

IntisariKebakaran hutan dan lahan terjadi hampir setiap tahun di Indonesia, terutama di wilayah Sumatera dan Kalimantan saat musim kemarau. Deteksi kebakaran hutan dan lahan dengan citra satelit menggunakan indikator yang disebut titik panas. Titik panas yang digunakan saat ini di Indonesia diperoleh dari pengolahan data citra satelit berorbit polar (MODIS dan VIIRS) dengan resolusi temporal yang rendah, yaitu hanya 6 kali dalam sehari. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan data citra satelit Himawari-8 untuk deteksi kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang menghasilkan titik panas dengan resolusi temporal 10 menit, dimana hasilnya di validasi dengan citra polar dan data kebakaran lapangan. Lokasi penelitian berada di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dan waktu penelitian adalah bulan September 2019. Data yang digunakan untuk pengolahan adalah 5 saluran Advanced Himawari Imager, peta batas administrasi dan tutupan lahan. Pemrosesan data citra satelit mencakup pemilihan piksel penutup lahan dan batas administrasi, penentuan waktu pengamatan, eliminasi piksel awan, Algoritma Pemantau Kebakaran Aktif, dan validasi hasil. Data citra Himawari-8 dapat diolah menjadi titik panas dengan temporal 10 menit. Validasi terhadap citra polar memiliki tingkat akurasi 66,2%-75,4%, comission error 28,2-46,9% dan omission error 24,6-33,8%. Tingginya comision error terhadap citra VIIRS dikarenakan citra VIIRS memiliki resolusi spasial yang jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan citra Himawari-8.  AbstractForest and land fires occur almost every year in Indonesia, especially in Sumatra and Kalimantan during the dry season. Detection of forest and land fires with satellite imagery uses an indicator called a hotspot. The hotspots used today in Indonesia are obtained from the processing of polar orbital satellite image data (MODIS and VIIRS) with a low temporal resolution, which is only six times a day. The purpose of this study is to utilize Himawari-8 satellite imagery data for the detection of forest and land fires that produce hotspots with a temporal resolution of 10 minutes, where the results are validated with polar imagery and field fire data. The research location is in Central Kalimantan Province, and the time of the study is September 2019. Data used for processing are 5 Advanced Himawari Imager channels, administrative boundary maps, and land cover. Processing of satellite imagery data includes the selection of cover pixels and administrative boundaries, determination of observation time, elimination of cloud pixels, Active Fire Monitoring Algorithm, and validation of results. Himawari-8 image data can be processed into hotspots with a temporal 10 minutes. Validation of polar images has an accuracy rate of 66.2% -75.4%, commission error 28.2-46.9% and omission error 24.6-33.8%. The high commission error on the VIIRS image is because the VIIRS image has a much higher spatial resolution compared to the Himawari-8 image.
Estimasi Beban Cemar dan Laju Dekomposisi Bahan Organik di Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda, Jawa Barat
Authors: Warsa Andri , Astuti Lismining Pujiyani
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTIr. H. Djuanda or Jatiluhur reservoir as a multifunction water body with one of utilization as fish cultivation activity. Uneaten feed and fish excretion were organic matter sources. The number of floating net cages was increasing and it caused increasing in organic matter load. The objective of the research was to known organic matter load and decomposition rate (k) and BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand) ultimate (Lo) at Jatiluhur Reservoir. The research was done in February and August 2018 at three locations were Astap, Pasir Canar and Pulau Aki. The result of the research shown was organic load from cultivation activity was 70,595 tons/year. The decomposition rate of organic matter around 0.10-0.25 per day with BOD ultimate around 6.80-8.11 mg/L. The value of Lo was affected by organic matter concentration.Keywords: Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir, organic matter, decomposition rate, BOD ultimateABSTRAKWaduk Ir. H. Djuanda atau yang dikenal dengan Waduk Jatiluhur merupakan waduk multifungsi yang salah satu pemanfaatannya untuk kegiatan budidaya ikan. Sisa pakan yang terbuang dan ekresi ikan merupakan sumber masukkan bahan organik. Jumlah keramba jaring apung (KJA) yang semakin bertambah akan menyebabkan beban masukkan bahan organik meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui beban masukkan bahan organik dari kegiatan budidaya dan laju dekomposisi bahan organik (k) serta BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand) ultimate (Lo) di Waduk Jatiluhur. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Februari dan Agustus 2018 pada tiga lokasi yaitu Astap, Pasir Canar dan Pulau Aki. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penentuan nilai k dan Lo adalah metode Grafik Thomas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beban masukkan bahan organik dari kegiatan budidaya sebesar 70.595 ton/tahun. Beban masukkan bahan organik telah melebihi daya dukung perairan. Nilai k untuk dekomposisi bahan organik di Waduk Jatiluhur berkisar 0,10-0,25 per hari dengan nilai Lo berkisar 6,80-8,11 mg/L. Nilai Lo dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi bahan organik di perairan.    Kata kunci: Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda, bahan organik, laju peluruhan, BOD ultimate
Assessing threshold level of L2 vocabulary depth in reading comprehension and incidental vocabulary learning
Authors: Ehsanzadeh S. J.
Published: April 2020

This study measures the threshold level of depth of word knowledge in L2 incidental learning and reading comprehension. I administered the Word Associates Test (WAT) (Read, 2004) to measure depth of word knowledge. Based on participants’ scores on the WAT, they were divided into three proficiency groups: high proficiency (HP), intermediate proficiency (IP), and low proficiency (LP). As part of data collection, participants were also asked to read a short story and then complete items of the Vocabulary Knowledge Scale (VKS) (Paribakht & Wesche, 1997) for the 30 chosen target words. To rate incidental vocabulary acquisition, I administered the VKS test with a repeated measure design in a period of one month. Results indicate that (a) the HPs gained more vocabulary by comparison than the IPs and the LPs, (b) the probabilistic threshold level for L2 incidental learning is from 85 to 135 out of 160 on WAT, and (c) no significant role of depth in reading comprehension has been confirmed.
Pengaruh Jenis Media Tanam Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Pepaya (Carica Papaya L. ) Genotipe IPB 3, IPB 4, dan IPB 9
Authors: Imanda Nandya , Suketi Ketty
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh dari tipe-tipe media tumbuh pada semaian benih dan perkecambahan genotipe-genotipe benih pepaya IPB 3, IPB 4 dan IPB 9 serta mengetahui media pertumbuhan yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan semaian pepaya yang baik dan memiliki bobot yang ringan dalam memudahkan pengangkutan. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga September 2011 di rumah kaca FATETA IPB, Leuwikopo Bogor dan kebun percobaan PKBT IPB, Tajur Bogor. Rancangan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak dengan menggunakan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah lima macam media pertumbuhan dengan rasio 2:1:1, yaitu M1 = tanah : pasir : pupuk kandang, M2 = tanah : pasir : arang sekam padi, M3 : tanah :  pasir : cocopeat, M4 = tanah : pupuk kandung : cocopeat dan M5 = tanah : pupuk kandang : arang sekam. Penelitian terdiri dari 15 kombinasi dengan 3 ulangan sehingga ada 45 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perkecambahan pepaya yang tertinggi pada media dengan campuran tanah, pupuk kandang dan arang sekam (M5) sebesar 70% dan genotipe IPB 3 (G1) sebesar  70.91%. Media dengan komposisi tanah, pupuk kandang dan arang sekam (M5) dengan rasio 2:1:1 merupakan media terbaik untuk persemaian pepaya yang berumur 6 MST dan memiliki bobot semaian per polibag yang teringan dibandingkan dengan media tanam lainnya untuk memudahkan transportasi bibit.
Karakterisasi Morfologi Bunga, Buah, dan Kualitas Buah Tiga Genotipe Pepaya Hibrida
Authors: Febjislami Shalati , Suketi Ketty , Yunianti Rahmi
Published: April 2020

Percobaan dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Juni 2012 di Teaching Farm Tajur dan Laboratorium Pasca Panen Baranang Siang, PKHT-IPB -Bogor. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui karakter morfologi bunga, buah dan kualitas buah tiga genotipe pepaya hibrida, yaitu IPB H91, IPB H93 dan IPB H39. Parameter yang diamati yaitu karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif bunga serta buah, uji kualitas fisik dan kimia buah, serta uji organoleptik. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan ketiga genotipe pepaya hibrida memiliki keunggulan karakter yang berbeda-beda. IPB H91 memiliki keunggulan tangkai bunga yang panjang serta jumlah bunga per buku dan buah yang banyak, bobot daging buah, persentase bagian yang dapat dimakan dan ketebalan daging buah yang besar, daging buah yang keras dan asam tertitrasi total yang rendah. IPB H93 memiliki keunggulan jumlah bunga yang banyak, jumlah biji per buah yang sedikit dan nilai padatan terlarut total yang tinggi. IPB H39 memiliki keunggulan jarak antar ruas bunga yang pendek, kulit buah yang keras dan kandungan vitamin C yang tinggi. Hasil uji organoleptik juga menunjukkan genotipe IPB H39 memiliki bentuk dan rasa yang lebih disukai oleh panelis. Genotipe IPB H91 dapat dijadikan alternatif untuk memperoleh pepaya hibrida karena memiliki banyak karakter unggul pada fase generatifnya daripada kedua genotipe lainnya.
Pengaruh Jumlah Buku terhadap Produksi Bibit Ubi Jalar Varietas Cilembu dan Varietas Ungu
Authors: Maulida Dwi Putri , Setiawan Asep
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan  informasi pengaruh jumlah buku terhadap produksi bibit ubi jalar. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB  mulai dari bulan Januari 2016 hingga April 2016. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT)  dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jumlah buku yang terdiri dari 3 buku, 4 buku dan 5 buku. Faktor kedua adalah varietas yang terdiri dari varietas Cilembu dan Ungu. Parameter yang diamati adalah panjang batang, panjang cabang primer, panjang cabang sekunder, jumlah cabang primer, jumlah cabang sekunder, jumlah bibit berukuran 25 cm, jumlah bibit berukuran 20 cm, jumlah bibit berukuran 15 cm, bobot umbi total. Perlakuan 4 buku menghasilkan pertambahan panjang batang yang lebih cepat dan perlakuan 5 buku menghasilkan  panjang cabang primer yang lebih panjang dari pada perlakuan lainnya namun jumlah stek yang dihasilkan oleh ketiga perlakuan relatif sama. Varietas ungu menghasilkan cabang sekunder lebih panjang dan jumlah stek lebih banyak dibandingkan Cilembu.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajan Buletin Berorientasi HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) Pada Materi Laju Reaksi Di SMA Negeri 1 Kelam Permai
Authors: Farida Meisya Tri , Kurniati Tuti , Fitriani Fitriani
Published: April 2020

This study aims to produce a media which is bulletin with HOTS (Higher Order Thinking Skill) oriented and verify the validity and feasibility of the result. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R&D) using ADDIE design which is carried out through 5 stages, (1) Analysis, (2) Design, (3) Development, (4) Implementation, (5) Evaluation. Research subject 30 student of XI MIPA 1 in SMA Negeri 1 Kelam Permai. Data collection techniques used were media validation questionnaire and student response questionnaire. The validity of media bulletin was rated by 4 validator, 2 media experts and 2 material experts. The validation of development media bulletin obtained an average value of validity 1,00 with high criteria. The percentage of the result of student response questionnaire in small group trial is 86,25% with very practical criteria. The percentage of  the result of student response questionnaire in field test is 76,91% with practical criteria. Based on the result of research, it is known that, the developed HOTS oriented bulletin is very suitable to be used in teaching Laju reaksi.
Os Campos da História e o Patrimônio Cultural: questões preliminares
Authors: Uliana Márcia Bortoli
Published: April 2020

Este artigo compreende parte das discussões iniciais de minha tese em História, defendida em 2019, na UFGD. São questões preliminares acerca dos campos da História e o patrimônio cultural, em que faço considerações acerca da gestão compartilhada do patrimônio e o papel do município. Trato, em especial, do município de Dourados, que institucionalizou o patrimônio local através de decretos e leis municipais, incluindo o Conselho Municipal de Preservação do Patrimônio Histórico, Cultural e Ambiental entre as décadas de 1980 e 1990.
Dikkat Eksikliği ve Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Beden Perküsyonu Eğitiminin Benlik Algısına Etkisi
Authors: KOCA Rukiye Begüm , ALTUNTAŞ Onur
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışma, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu olan çocuklara verilen beden perküsyonu eğitiminin benlik algısı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya DEHB tanısı olan, 9-13 yaş aralığında 4 birey dahil edildi. Benlik algısı Piers-Harris Çocuklarda Öz-Kavramı Ölçeği değerlendirildi. Tedavi haftada bir gün; toplam 8 hafta sürdü. Tedavi sonrasında Piers-Harris Çocuklarda Öz Kavramı ölçeği tekrar uygulandı. Sonuçlar karşılaştırılarak müdahalenin etkisi incelendi. Sonuçlar: Çocukların 3’ü erkek (%75), 1’i (%25) kızdı. Çocukların benlik algıları Piers-Harris Öz Kavramı Ölçeği ile yapılan değerlendirmelere göre benlik algıları ve bu testinin alt testlerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farlılık bulunamadı. (p>0,05). Tartışma: Sonuçlara göre bu konuda ileride yapılacak çalışmalarda daha çok seansın yapılması, çalışma sonrasında da uzun dönem takiplerin olması, araştırmanın birden fazla ölçek ile değerlendirilmesi önerilmektedir. DEHB’li çocuklara verilecek olan beden perküsyonu eğitimlerinde grup uyumu ve ritim tutma becerilerine ağırlık verilmesi gerektiğini, ayrıca bu alanda yapılacak ergoterapi müdahalelerinin etkisini değerlendirecek değerlendirme ölçeklerinin geliştirilmesinin bu alana faydalı olacağını düşünmekteyiz.
Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocukların Oyun Davranışlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: KARS Sinem , AKI Esra
Published: April 2020

Amaç: Oyun çocukların en
temel aktivitesidir. Otizm spektrum bozukluğu (OSB), çocukların oyuna
katılımını etkileyebilmektedir. Katılımı artırmak amacıyla ergoterapistler
OSB’li oyunu araç olarak kullanmaktadır; ancak klinik ortamda OSB’li
ççocukların oyun davranışlarını inceleyen çalışma sayısı çok azdır. Bu nedenle
çalışmamızda OSB’li çocukların klinik ortamda oyun davranışlarının incelenmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem:
Çalışmamıza 4-6 yaş arası, OSB’li 36 çocuk ve tipik gelişim gösteren 30 çocuk
dahil edildi. Serbest oyun sırasında, tek seferlik, 15 dakikalık video
kayıtları Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Ergoterapi Bölümü
Duyu Bütünleme Ünitesi içerisinde alındı. Video kayıtları zaman serileri
analizi ile analiz edildi. Bulgular yüzdelik şekilde verildi. Sonuçlar: OSB’li çocukların oyun
davranışları ise çoğunlukla oyun olmayan davranışlar şeklinde idi. Tartışma: Klinik ortamda ergoterapistlerin
OSB’li çocukların oyun davranışlarını analiz etmesi ve analiz sonucuna göre
müdahale oluşturması önerilmektedir.
Çeşitli Pekmez Türlerinde Farklı Yöntemlerle Tespit Edilen Antioksidan Aktivitelerin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: TÜZÜN Sabri , BAŞ İsa , KARAKAVUK Emrah , KARACA SANYÜREK Nesrin , BENZER Fulya
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmada piyasadan alınmış olan Nar (Punica granatum L.), Keçiboynuzu (Ceratonia siliqua L.), Karadut (Morus nigra L.), Dut (Morus alba L.) ve farklı bölgelerden alınan Üzüm (Vitis vinifera L.) pekmezlerinin farklı yöntemlerle antioksidan aktivitelerinin ölçümü yapılmıştır. Pekmez çeşitlerinin radikal süpürme gücü DPPH ve ABTS yöntemleri ile, Toplam Fenolik Madde tayini ise Folin metoduyla belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda yapılan istatistiksel analizlerde ABTS yok etme aktivitesi bakımından Nar, Keçiboynuzu, Mardin Üzüm pekmezi, Batman Üzüm pekmezi ve Karadut sırasıyla % 99.34±0.18, % 99.22±0.2, % 98.92±0.45, % 98.71±0.13, % 97.77± 0.4 ile yüksek aktivite gösterirken, Dut pekmezi % 94.65± 0.2 ile en düşük aktiviteyi göstermiştir. DPPH radikal giderme aktivitesi bakımından en yüksek değer % 82.32±0.6 ile Nar, en düşük değer ise % 43.33±0.8 ile Üzüm pekmezidir. Toplam fenolik madde açısından en yüksek aktiviteye 748.74±14.43 mg GAE/100 g ile Keçiboynuzu pekmezi sahip iken, en düşük aktiviteye ise 166.14±6.8 mg GAE/100 g ile Mardin üzüm pekmezinin sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapmış olduğumuz bu çalışmada Keçiboynuzu pekmezinin toplam fenolik madde içeriğinin diğer pekmezlerin değerinin iki katından daha fazla olması bu pekmezin antioksidan aktivitesinin daha güçlü olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
Uşak İli Buğday (Triticum aestivum L.) Ekim Alanlarında Sorun Olan Yabancı Ot Türlerinin, Yaygınlık ve Yoğunluklarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: KÖKTAŞ Derya , ÖĞÜT YAVUZ Derya
Published: April 2020

Yabancı otlar % 48-52 oranlarında kayıpla diğer biyotik faktörlerden ön plana çıkmakta, rekabet ve salgıladığı allelopatik maddelerle buğdayda ürün kalitesinin düşmesine ve verim kaybına neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle Uşak ili buğday alanlarında yürütülen bu çalışmada yabancı otların tür ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi, mücadele çalışmalarına kaynak oluşturması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Çalışma, Uşak ilini temsil edecek şekilde altı ilçede (Merkez, Banaz, Eşme, Karahallı, Ulubey ve Sivaslı) toplam 115 tarlada, mücadele yapılıp yapılmaması gözetilmeksizin buğday ekim alanları gezilerek yabancı otların tür, yaygınlık ve yoğunluklarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda Uşak ili buğday alanlarında 24 familyaya ait 11’i cins, 65’i tür ve tür altı takson düzeyinde toplam 76 takson tespit edilmiştir. İl bazında elde edilen sonuçlara göre yabancı otların genel olarak yoğun olmadığı ancak bazı türlerin yaygın olduğu belirlenmiştir. Secale cereale L., Convolvulus arvensis L., Avena barbata Pott ex Link subsp. barbata, Galium tricornutum Dandy ve Bifora radians Bieb türleri en yaygın yabancı otlar olmuştur.
Manisa İl Merkezinde Tüketicilerin Sofralık Zeytin Tüketim Alışkanlıklarının Belirlenmesi
Authors: GÜNÇ ERGÖNÜL Pelin , DİNÇER Deniz
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmada Manisa il merkezinde yaşayan farklı demografik özelliklere sahip, rastgele seçilmiş 400 bireye sofralık zeytin tüketimi, satın alma tercihleri ve sofralık zeytinin insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerinin ne derece bilindiğine yönelik 26 sorudan oluşan anket uygulanmıştır. Bu sayede tüketicilerin sofralık zeytin hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri ve zeytin tüketim alışkanlıkları tespit edilip, üreticiye kaynak oluşturulması ve böylece sofralık zeytin tüketiminin arttırılması hedeflenmiştir. Cinsiyet, yaş ve gelir düzeyinin günlük zeytin tüketim miktarı üzerine etkisi önemsiz iken (P>0,05), aylık zeytin tüketimi ile anlamlı bir ilişki tespit edilmiştir (P
Elazığ Koşullarında Bazı Mürdümük (Lathyrus sativus L.) Genotiplerinin Tohum Verimi ve Tohum Verimini Etkileyen Bazı Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Selim , KÖKTEN Kağan , KAPLAN Mahmut , UÇAR Rıdvan
Published: April 2020

Araştırma, Elazığ ekolojik koşullarında bazı mürdümük genotiplerinin tohum verimi ve verim üzerinde etkili bazı öğelerin incelenmesi amacıyla, 2014-2015 yıllarında yazlık ekim yapılarak yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada, 31 adet mürdümük genotipi bitki materyali olarak kullanılmıştır. Araştırma tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre üç tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Araştırmada; biyolojik verim, tane verimi, dolu bakla sayısı, boş bakla sayısı, bakla boyu, bakla genişliği, bitkide tane sayısı, bitkide tane ağırlığı, gibi verime etki eden özellikler incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın yürütüldüğü her iki yılda da; biyolojik verim hariç incelenen diğer tüm parametreler bakımından genotipler arasında istatistiki anlamda önemli farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre; genotiplerin biyolojik verimi 188.72-271.18 kg/da, tane verimi 75.10-117.72 kg/da, dolu bakla sayısı 7.16-16.15 adet, boş bakla sayısı 0.06-1 adet, bakla boyu 2.78-3.45 cm, bakla genişliği 0.83-1.23 cm, bitkide tane sayısı 16.73-45.08 adet ve bitkide tane ağırlığı 2.03-4.23 g arasında değişim gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, Elazığ ili iklim ve toprak koşullarında tohum üretimi amacıyla “Hat-17” mürdümük genotipinin diğer genotiplere göre verim açısından daha üstün olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Söz konusu genotipinin ıslah materyali olarak diğer çalışmalarda da kullanılması önerilebilir.
Citrulline as a biomarker of short bowel syndrome in children
Authors: Marakhouski K. Y. , Svirsky A. A. , Makhlin A. M. , Shmeleva N. D. , Kuvaeva Z. I. , Korzuk E. B.
Published: April 2020

Purpose. To determine the diagnostic significance of blood citrulline level when estimating the short bowel syndrome (SBS) in children under 5 years old. To determine the blood citrulline level in children of different age. Methods. The examined group (N=31) included children under 5 who underwent small or small and large intestine resection and developed (15 children) or not developed (16 children) clinical signs of SBS. The control group included children who underwent no surgery on the GIT and had no congenital malformations and clinical signs of enteropathy (N=42). To determine the level of citrulline, overpressured high performance liquid column chromatography was used. Statistical analysis of the results was done with MedCalc® version 18.11.3. Results. Mean level of blood citrulline is 28.9 µmol/l in the examined group (95% CI 23.2–34.6) and 30.5 µmol/l in the control group (95% CI 25.0–35.1). Reliable data of the ratio between blood level citrulline and age of the child were obtained both among operated and non-operated children. The odds ratio of determining citrulline in blood was below 24.4 µmol/l in development of SBS clinical picture and amounted to 4.08 р < 0,05. Additional use of ROC analysis confirms the presence of interrelation between citrulline level and absence or presence of SBS clinical signs with 100% specificity and 43% sensitivity. The area under curve (categorical variable showing whether SBS is present or lacking) is 0,746, р = 0,005. Conclusion. Determination of serum citrulline as a diagnostic marker of short bowel syndrome in children under 5 found low sensitivity but high specificity. Thus, blood citrulline index can be used as a biomarker to diagnose SBS, to describe the course of SBS in detail and determine the risk of severe forms of this pathology in children under 5.
Gender Stereotypes in Students’ English Writing
Authors: Semartini Atur
Published: April 2020

Gender stereotypes are guidelines by which a particular gender group behaves as expected based on the existing ideology in the community. Gender stereotypes that are perpetuated by popular culture usually marginalize women, following patriarchal ideology. This popular culture is consumed mostly by the younger generation as well as students. STIKES Nasional is an educational institution where most students are female, and most student organizations are led by female students. This research investigates gender stereotypes in STIKES Nasional students’ writing. This research employs textual analysis focusing on word choice on students’ writing. This study shows that students' writing still represents women as passive and also sensitive or emotional. Women are also still constructed in domestic sphere. Those constructions are implicated in activities carried out by women. On the other hand, men are represented as brave, rational, active, and assertive. Men are also constructed to be in public sphere. Those male constructions are also implicated in men's occupation. Based on the results, it can be concluded that students’ writing affirms the patriarchal gender stereotypes that marginalize women. Patriarchal ideology is still strongly embedded in STIKES Nasional students, though female students dominate in STIKES Nasional.