bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modelling effects of consciousness disorders in brainstem computational model – Preliminary findings
Authors: Duch Włodzisław , Mikołajewski Dariusz
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Disorders of consciousness are very big medical and social problem. Their variability, problems in precise definition and proper diagnosis make difficult assessing their causes and effectiveness of the therapy. In the paper we present our point of view to a problem of consciousness and its most common disorders.

Methods

For this moment scientists do not know exactly, if these disorders can be a result of simple but general mechanism, or a complex set of mechanisms, both on neural, molecular or system level. Presented in the paper simulations using neural network models, including biologically relevant consciousness’ modelling, help assess influence of specified causes.

Results

Nonmotoric brain activity can play important role within diagnostic process as a supplementary method for motor capabilities. Simple brain sensory (e.g. visual) processing of both healthy subject and people with consciousness disorders help checking hypotheses in the area of consciousness’ disorders’ mechanisms, including associations between consciousness and its neural correlates.

Conclusions

The results are promising. Project announced herein will be developed and its next result will be presented in subsequent articles.
Operations that preserve integrability, and truncated Riesz spaces
Authors: Abbadini Marco
Published: July 2020

For any real number

p
∈

[
1
,

+
∞

)

{p\in[1,+\infty)}

, we characterise the operations

ℝ
I

→
ℝ

{\mathbb{R}^{I}\to\mathbb{R}}

that preserve p-integrability, i.e., the operations under which, for every measure μ, the set

ℒ
p

⁢

(
μ
)

{\mathcal{L}^{p}(\mu)}

is closed.
We investigate the infinitary variety of algebras whose operations are exactly such functions.
It turns out that this variety coincides with the category of Dedekind σ-complete truncated Riesz spaces, where truncation is meant in the sense of R. N. Ball.
We also prove that

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

generates this variety.
From this, we exhibit a concrete model of the free Dedekind σ-complete truncated Riesz spaces.
Analogous results are obtained for operations that preserve p-integrability over finite measure spaces: the corresponding variety is shown to coincide with the much studied category of Dedekind σ-complete Riesz spaces with weak unit,

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

is proved to generate this variety, and a concrete model of the free Dedekind σ-complete Riesz spaces with weak unit is exhibited.
Conjugacy classes and automorphisms of twin groups
Authors: Naik Tushar Kanta , Nanda Neha , Singh Mahender
Published: July 2020

The twin group

T
n

{T_{n}}

is a right-angled Coxeter group generated by

n
-
1

{n-1}

involutions, and the pure twin group

PT
n

{\mathrm{PT}_{n}}

is the kernel of the natural surjection from

T
n

{T_{n}}

onto the symmetric group on n symbols.
In this paper, we investigate some structural aspects of these groups.
We derive a formula for the number of conjugacy classes of involutions in

T
n

{T_{n}}

, which, quite interestingly, is related to the well-known Fibonacci sequence.
We also derive a recursive formula for the number of z-classes of involutions in

T
n

{T_{n}}

.
We give a new proof of the structure of

Aut
⁡

(

T
n

)

{\operatorname{Aut}(T_{n})}

for

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

, and show that

T
n

{T_{n}}

is isomorphic to a subgroup of

Aut
⁡

(

PT
n

)

{\operatorname{Aut}(\mathrm{PT}_{n})}

for

n
≥
4

{n\geq 4}

.
Finally, we construct a representation of

T
n

{T_{n}}

to

Aut
⁡

(

F
n

)

{\operatorname{Aut}(F_{n})}

for

n
≥
2

{n\geq 2}

.
Influence of electrode tip diameter on metallurgical and mechanical aspects of spot welded duplex stainless steel
Authors: Kalyankar Vivek D. , Chudasama Gautam P.
Published: July 2020

In this article, the influence of electrode tip diameter is investigated for spot welded duplex stainless steel (DSS). Electrode tip diameter and welding current are considered as the major influencing parameters and their values are varied within the feasible range, suitable for 0.8 mm thick sheet, whereas other important parameters such as welding time and electrode force are kept constant. DSS with the chosen thickness range is now becoming a useful material in automotive body-in-white applications and in future it will become one of the key materials replacing the existing materials and hence research outcome of the present work may be beneficial from application view point. In this work, the spot welding quality is inspected through metallurgical aspects (microstructure and microhardness), physical aspects (nugget diameter and electrode indentation), mechanical performance (tensile shear strength [TSS]) and failure mode. The obtained result shows that smaller electrode tip diameter limits nugget diameter due to expulsion phenomena and increases electrode indentation due to higher current intensity. TSS decreases with increase in electrode tip diameter for the same welding current but maximum TSS obtained for particular electrode tip diameter increases with increase in electrode tip diameter up to a specific limit and then it remains constant.
Utility and duration of leuprolide stimulation testing in children
Authors: Nijjar Jasreena K. , Weiss Julian J. , Misra Madhusmita , Stanley Takara L.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Basal (unstimulated) LH levels and leuprolide stimulation tests are used to define pubertal status of children presenting with signs of early puberty. The primary aims of this study were to (i) confirm utility of detectable basal LH levels in precluding the need for leuprolide stimulation testing, and, (ii) determine whether duration of testing could be abbreviated from usual 3 h test without compromising sensitivity.

Methods

We reviewed morning basal and leuprolide-stimulated LH levels in 105 children, aged 1–9 years (mean 6.9 years, SD 1.8) who were seen for concerns of precocious puberty and received a leuprolide stimulation test between June 2006 and March 2017.

Results

A pubertal basal LH level had high specificity and poor sensitivity for the following outcome measures: (1) peak stimulated LH≥5 mIU/mL (2) treatment with GnRHa; and (3) a composite outcome of (1) and/or (2). Following leuprolide stimulation, LH response was highest at 180 min in most children (n=78, 74.3%). Using a single cutoff of LH≥5 mIU/mL at any timepoint, 25% of children would have been misdiagnosed with an abbreviated 60 min test. A single sample at 180 min would have correctly identified 97% of patients.

Conclusions

A pubertal basal LH level is sufficient to distinguish children with precocious puberty without stimulation testing. However, prepubertal basal LH had relatively poor negative predictive value to refute CPP, necessitating clinical follow-up and/or a leuprolide stimulation test. For a cutoff of LH≥5 mIU/mL at any timepoint, test duration of 180 min maximizes sensitivity.
Changes of serum neopterin and its significance as biomarker in prediction the prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis
Authors: Zhang Lefeng , Wang Xuefeng , Ji Xiaozhen , Zou Suhua
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To investigate the dynamic changes of serum neopterin and its significance as biomarker in prediction the prognosis of patients with acute pancreatitis.

Methods

54 cases with confirmed diagnosis of acute pancreatitis were included in the present work. Of the included 54 cases, 21 were mild acute pancreatitis and other 33 were server diseases. For the 33 severe cases, nine were finally dead and 24 were survived. The serological neopterin level of the 54 acute pancreatitis was continuously examined at the time point of days 0 (diagnosis), 1 (24 h after diagnosis), 2, 4, 8 and 14 by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The severity or death risk of the acute pancreatitis patients was predicted by the serological neopterin.

Results

The serological neopterin was gradually increasing from days 0 to 8, but descending at day 14 in mild and survival groups. For days 8 and 14, the serological levels of neopterin in severe group were higher than those of mild group with statistical difference (p<0.05). The serum neopterin was statistical different in the time point of day 8 and day 14 between death and survival groups (p<0.05). For day 8, the serological neopterin as biomarker for death prediction sensitivity and specificity were 88.89% (95% CI: 51.75–99.72%) and 83.33% (95% CI: 62.62–95.26%) respectively with the AUC of 0.95 (95% CI: 0.88–1.00). For day 14, the death prediction sensitivity and specificity were 77.78% (33.99–97.19%) and 95.83% (78.88–99.89%) respectively with the AUC of 0.94 (95%CI:0.87–1.00).

Conclusions

Serological neopterin level was elevated with the development of the pancreatitis. Continuously monitoring the serum neopterin may helpful for prediction death risk of acute pancreatitis. In the later phase of disease beginning on day 8, neopterin levels may be used for risk assessment and possibly change of therapy regiment.
Controllability of fractional stochastic evolution equations with nonlocal conditions and noncompact semigroups
Authors: Ding Yonghong , Li Yongxiang
Published: July 2020

This article deals with the exact controllability for a class of fractional stochastic evolution equations with nonlocal initial conditions in a Hilbert space under the assumption that the semigroup generated by the linear part is noncompact. Our main results are obtained by utilizing stochastic analysis technique, measure of noncompactness and the Mönch fixed point theorem. In the end, an example is presented to illustrate that our theorems guarantee the effectiveness of controllability results in the infinite dimensional spaces.
The core inverse and constrained matrix approximation problem
Authors: Wang Hongxing , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: July 2020

In this article, we study the constrained matrix approximation problem in the Frobenius norm by using the core inverse:

|
|
M
x
−
b
|

|

F

=

min

subject

to

x
∈
ℛ
(
M
)
,

||Mx-b|{|}_{F}=\hspace{.25em}\min \hspace{1em}\text{subject}\hspace{.25em}\text{to}\hspace{1em}x\in {\mathcal R} (M),

where

M
∈

ℂ

n

CM

M\in {{\mathbb{C}}}_{n}^{\text{CM}}

. We get the unique solution to the problem, provide two Cramer’s rules for the unique solution and establish two new expressions for the core inverse.
Development, spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil microbiomes through co-selection
Authors: Maurya Anand Prakash , Rajkumari Jina , Bhattacharjee Amitabha , Pandey Piyush
Published: July 2020

Bacterial pathogens resistant to multiple antibiotics are emergent threat to the public health which may evolve in the environment due to the co-selection of antibiotic resistance, driven by poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and/or heavy metal contaminations. The co-selection of antibiotic resistance (AMR) evolves through the co-resistance or cross-resistance, or co-regulatory mechanisms, present in bacteria. The persistent toxic contaminants impose widespread pressure in both clinical and environmental setting, and may potentially cause the maintenance and spread of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). In the past few years, due to exponential increase of AMR, numerous drugs are now no longer effective to treat infectious diseases, especially in cases of bacterial infections. In this mini-review, we have described the role of co-resistance and cross-resistance as main sources for co-selection of ARGs; while other co-regulatory mechanisms are also involved with cross-resistance that regulates multiple ARGs. However, co-factors also support selections, which results in development and evolution of ARGs in absence of antibiotic pressure. Efflux pumps present on the same mobile genetic elements, possibly due to the function of Class 1 integrons (Int1), may increase the presence of ARGs into the environment, which further is promptly changed as per environmental conditions. This review also signifies that mutation plays important role in the expansion of ARGs due to presence of diverse types of anthropogenic pollutants, which results in overexpression of efflux pump with higher bacterial fitness cost; and these situations result in acquisition of resistant genes. The future aspects of co-selection with involvement of systems biology, synthetic biology and gene network approaches have also been discussed.
FEM based 3D modelling of partial discharge detection and localization in an oil-filled power transformer using piezoelectric acoustic sensor
Authors: Meitei Sorokhaibam Nilakanta , Borah Kunal , Chatterjee Saibal
Published: July 2020

The main cause of insulation degradation is due to partial discharges (PDs) occurring inside the transformer, and its detection and localization are the most effective, non-destructive methods to assess the insulation condition of the transformer. Among the PD detection methods, the acoustic PD detection technique is popular because of its various advantages. The acoustic PD detection method for accurate PD source localization becomes quite challenging when PD occurs inside the transformer core and windings. As the acoustic sound wave can be distorted and vibration with its distribution, so the type of PD sensors with their setting in the transformer should be thoroughly investigated and chosen. In this work, via simulation, the acoustic sound distribution inside the power transformer due to PD occurs is studied. Based on the knowledge of acoustic pressure wave distribution, a Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT-5H) sensor is designed using Finite element method based COMSOL Multiphysics software and placed it on the outer walls of the transformer for PD detection and localization. The PD induction position has been recognized from the sensor signal using an artificial neural network. The results of PD detection and localization by the proposed piezoelectric sensor and COMSOL probe point are in good agreement.
Comparison of test results obtained from lithium heparin gel tubes and serum gel tubes
Authors: Ercan Şerif
Published: July 2020

Objectives

There is currently trend that plasma might be alternative to serum due to some of its advantages. This study aimed to compare test results from heparinized plasma and serum.

Methods

Blood samples from total of 40 participants (20 healthy, 20 hemodialysis patients) were drawn into serum gel tubes with clot activator and lithium heparin gel tubes. Twenty-eight clinical chemistry analytes were measured in serum and plasma samples. To determine whether difference between test results is clinically significant, total error (TE) was calculated and compared total allowable error (TEa) limits.

Results

TE of below 5% was calculated for amylase, AST, calcium, total cholesterol, chloride, CK, glucose, HDL-cholesterol, iron, LDH, LDL-cholesterol, magnesium, sodium, total bilirubin, uric acid and urea. Albumin, ALT, creatinine, CRP, lipase, phosphorus, potassium, total protein, and triglyceride had TE of 5–7%. TE of 7–10% were determined for ALP, direct bilirubin, and GGT. TE values were within TEa limits for all analytes.

Conclusions

It was concluded that results of 28 analytes measured in lithium heparin gel tubes are comparable to those of serum gel tubes. It is thought that several advantages including reduced turnaround time might be provided by using plasma instead of serum for these tests.
The association of methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C gene polymorphism, homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the north of Iran
Authors: Amani Saeideh , Mirzajani Ebrahim , Kassaee Seyed Mehrdad , Mahmoudi Minoo , Mirbolouk Fardin
Published: July 2020

Background

We pursued to find out the possible association of Methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) A1298C gene polymorphism, blood homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folate with Coronary artery disease (CAD) in the study population in Guilan, north of Iran.

Material and Methods

Ninety patients with CAD and 76 healthy controls were evaluated. MTHFR A1298C polymorphism and its genotype frequency, the plasma level of homocysteine, vitamin B12 and folate were evaluated by using ARMS-PCR, ELISA, and Chemiluminescence methods, respectively.

Results

The frequency of genotypes, A, AC and CC in CAD were 40, 35.6, 24.4%, respectively which was significantly different (p=0.016) from the control group that were 26.3, 57.9 and 15.8%, respectively. The serum level of vitamin B12 and folate in genotype A1298C were not statistically significant between two groups (p>0.05), however, the plasma homocysteine in patients with CAD was remarkably higher than the control group (p<0.001). Additionally, in CAD patients the plasma level of homocysteine in the AC genotype was significantly higher than the control subjects (p=0.005).

Conclusion

It is thus concluded that MTHFR A1298C gene polymorphism is associated with CAD. It seems that the AC genotype of MTHFR A1298C polymorphism might have a protective effect on CAD.
Remote magnetically controlled drug release from electrospun composite nanofibers: design of a smart platform for therapy of psoriasis
Authors: Babincová Natália , Jirsák Oldřich , Babincová Melánia , Babinec Peter , Šimaljaková Mária
Published: July 2020

An efficient method for the large-scale fabrication of composite polyvinyl alcohol polymer nano fibers loaded with magnetic nanoparticles and methotrexate is reported in this study. We have demonstrated that nonwoven textile formed by needleless electro spinning is effective in immobilization and triggered the release of drugs, which is achieved by an alternating magnetic field induced heating of magnetic nanoparticles. This smart stimuli-responsive release ability, biocompatibility, and ultra-lightweight property render enormous potential for this electrospun nano fiber mat to be used as an anti-psoriatic drugs release platform, which may have far-reaching applications in dermatology.
A computational study of the interactions between anthocyans and cyclodextrins
Authors: Pop Raluca , Căta Adina , Ștefănuț Mariana Nela , Carmen Ienașcu Ioana Maria
Published: July 2020

The interactions between six anthocyans (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, malvidin-3-O-rutinoside) and cyclodextrins were investigated by means of computational techniques. Four different structures of the aforementioned anthocyans were considered, as a result of the dependence structure – pH value (flavylium cations in acidic medium, hemiketals in neutral solutions and two tautomeric quinones in alkaline environment). The results outlined that the anthocyanidin-3-O-rutinoside are favored for the obtaining of inclusion complexes with the cyclodextrins, mostly due to the larger number of OH groups involved in the formation of hydrogen bonds. For all the four types of structures, best results have been obtained for β- and γ-cyclodextrins.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DE ROTINAS AUTOMATIZADAS PARA O DIMENSIONAMENTO DE PERFIS FORMADOS A FRIO SUBMETIDOS A SOLICITAÇÕES COMBINADAS
Authors: Castelli Sasso Felipe , Busato Ramires Fernando
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo o desenvolvimento de rotinas automatizadas para odimensionamento de perfis de aço formados a frio visando o uso acadêmico. O mesmojustifica-se por auxiliar no desenvolvimento das atividades em disciplinas de estruturasde aço, fornecendo agilidade na resolução de exemplos. O desenvolvimento das rotinasbaseou-se na norma brasileira ABNT NBR 14762:2012, da qual foi utilizado o Método daSeção Efetiva para o dimensionamento dos perfis. Para a automatização das mesmas,utilizou-se o software matemático SMath Studio Desktop. As rotinas mostraram-se eficientes e serão implementadas como material de apoio nas disciplinas de estruturas deaço na Universidade de Passo Fundo.
DISCURSOS, CONFLITOS E AUTOAFIRM ENTORNO DA INFÂNCIA E SUAS CORES
Authors: Delfino dos Santos Caroline
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os discursos construídos por criançasdo pré-escolar em relação à temática da cor negra enquanto marca identitária. Emboraainda pequenas, as crianças desde muito cedo vão elucidando, por meio de suas narrativas, o reconhecimento de seu pertencimento à população negra, autoafirmando-sepositivamente em relação à sua cor e raça. Embora venhamos de um contexto histórico--social marcado pelo estigma da opressão, discriminação racial e consequente desigualdades financeiras, a experiência de trabalho com a educação infantil vem revelando quenossas crianças negras, ainda na primeira infância, já manifestam um posicionamentocrítico e político de enfrentamento às práticas de racismo que desqualificam seu povo. Omesmo movimento de autoafirmação negra não foi identificado no trabalho com alunoscom mais anos de escolaridade, cuja faixa etária varia entre 9 e 14 anos. As observaçõesin lócus remetem-nos à seguinte questão: Os movimentos sociais negros, as legislaçõesvigentes a favor da diversidade, bem como as contribuições literárias que destacamas culturas negras em contexto de protagonismo, vêm contribuindo para o processode autorreconhecimento e autoafirmação da criança pequena negra? Para subsidiar apresente discussão, apoiamo-nos em documentos legislativos que se debruçam sobrea questão identitária na educação infantil e ainda sobre estudos e experiências de trabalho que buscam trazer à tona a capacidade das crianças de compreenderem sobre si.Cumpre sinalizar que os dados foram coletados por meio da observação participante,tendo como enfoque características de uma pesquisa qualitativa.
Mendelian randomization supports a causative effect of TSH on thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Fussey Jonathan M , Beaumont Robin N , Wood Andrew R , Vaidya Bijay , Smith Joel , Tyrrell Jessica
Published: July 2020

Evidence from observational studies suggest a positive association between serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, the cause–effect relationship is poorly understood and these studies are susceptible to bias and confounding. This study aimed to investigate the causal role of TSH in both benign thyroid nodules and thyroid cancer in up to 451,025 UK Biobank participants, using a genetic technique, known as Mendelian randomization (MR). Hospital Episode Statistics and Cancer Registry databases were used to identify 462 patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma and 2031 patients with benign nodular thyroid disease. MR methods using genetic variants associated with serum TSH were used to test causal relationships between TSH and the two disease outcomes. Mendelian randomization provided evidence of a causal link between TSH and both thyroid cancer and benign nodular thyroid disease. Two-sample MR suggested that a 1 s.d. higher genetically instrumented TSH (approximately 0.8 mIU/L) resulted in 4.96-fold higher odds of benign nodular disease (95% CI 2.46–9.99) and 2.00-fold higher odds of thyroid cancer (95% CI 1.09–3.70). Our results thus support a causal role for TSH in both benign nodular thyroid disease and thyroid cancer.
Subclinical Hypothyroidism Increases the Requirement of Renal Replacement Therapy After Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Tumer Naim Boran , Tekeli Kunt Atike , Keles Hatice , Ozisik Kanat , Gunaydin Serdar
Published: July 2020

Background: Subclinical or biochemically diagnosed hypothyroidism (SCH) is defined as an elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with normal free thyroxine (FT4) levels. Thyroid hormones play a major role in the normal function of the heart and vascular physiology. Atherosclerosis, increased systemic vascular resistance, and decreased arterial compliance are common pathophysiological changes that may occur in hypothyroidism. Acute kidney injury (AKI) is one of the devastating complications after cardiac surgery. Age, diabetes mellitus (DM), preexisting renal dysfunction, hypertension, impaired left ventricular function, and severe arteriosclerosis are the major risk factors for the development of AKI. The purpose of the current study was to analyze the influence of SCH on AKI and the requirement of renal replacement therapy (RRT) after isolated coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the prospectively collected data of 336 adult patients who underwent isolated CABG surgery with normal renal function (baseline serum creatinine value <1.4 mg/dL) from January 2017 to January 2019. The patients were divided into two groups either having the diagnosis of SCH (Group I, N = 47) or not (Group II, N = 289). SCH was diagnosed based on preoperative serum TSH and FT4 levels. Kidney injury was interpreted, according to RIFLE classification. The effect of SCH on AKI and the need for RRT after CABG was determined using logistic regression analysis and the results were expressed as odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A P value < .05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Subclinical hypothyroidism was diagnosed in 14% of all patients. Postoperative AKI occurred in 15 patients (31.9%) in Group I, whereas there were 42 patients (14.5%) in Group II. On logistic regression analysis, the presence of SCH was shown to be associated with an increased incidence of postoperative AKI (OR, 0.363; 95% CI, 0.181-0.727; P = .004). RRT was used in 2.97% of patients (seven patients in Group I and three patients in Group II, P < .001). The 30-day mortality was 2.1%.
Conclusion: The presence of SCH seems to be associated with an increased incidence of AKI and increased requirement for RRT after cardiac surgery.
Effectiveness of Brain Protection With Histidine-Tryptophan-Ketoglutarate Solutions
Authors: Oğuz Sonay , Aşgün Halil F. , Büyük Başak
Published: July 2020

Background: Tissue-protective solutions increase resistance of cells to ischemic conditions. Especially in carotid and aortic arch surgeries where the brain perfusion is at risk, these solutions may be beneficial to prevent ischemic brain damage. This study was designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of histidine-tryptophan-ketoglutarate (HTK) solution in increasing resistance of brain tissue to ischemic conditions.
Methods: Three separate randomized groups were created, each consisting of eight rabbits. The groups were called the ischemia, HTK and sham groups, respectively. In the ischemia group, temporary brain ischemia was created for 15 minutes by placing clamps on the bilateral subclavian and common carotid arteries. Then the clamps were removed, and the brain was reperfused for 30 minutes. In the HTK group, HTK solution was sent to the brain through the internal carotid artery before the same ischemia-reperfusion protocol was applied. Histopathological analyses using a visual scoring system to assess the degree of ischemic changes and the apoptotic cell index by TUNEL test were performed in all brain tissue samples.
Results: Apoptotic cell indices of the HTK (20.6%) and sham (17.8%) groups were lower than the ischemia group (56.8%) (P < .05). Statistically significant differences were detected between all groups in categorical scores (P < .05).
Conclusions: It was shown that less ischemic damage occurs in the brain tissue with the use of HTK solution, and it may be a candidate approach to prevent the brain from ischemic insults during cerebrovascular surgery. Further studies are required to demonstrate its exact effectiveness, in terms of dose, duration, and temperature.
Identification of Hypoxia-Specific Biomarkers in Salmonids Using RNA-Sequencing and Validation Using High-Throughput qPCR
Authors: Akbarzadeh Arash , Houde Aimee Lee S , Sutherland Ben J G , Günther Oliver P , Miller Kristina M
Published: July 2020

Identifying early gene expression responses to hypoxia (i.e., low dissolved oxygen) as a tool to assess the degree of exposure to this stressor is crucial for salmonids, because they are increasingly exposed to hypoxic stress due to anthropogenic habitat change, e.g., global warming, excessive nutrient loading, and persistent algal blooms. Our goal was to discover and validate gill gene expression biomarkers specific to the hypoxia response in salmonids across multi-stressor conditions. Gill tissue was collected from 24 freshwater juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), held in normoxia [dissolved oxygen (DO) > 8 mg L-1] and hypoxia (DO = 4‒5 mg L-1) in 10 and 18° temperatures for up to six days. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was then used to discover 240 differentially expressed genes between hypoxic and normoxic conditions, but not affected by temperature. The most significantly differentially expressed genes had functional roles in the cell cycle and suppression of cell proliferation associated with hypoxic conditions. The most significant genes (n = 30) were selected for real-time qPCR assay development. These assays demonstrated a strong correlation (r = 0.88; P < 0.001) between the expression values from RNA-seq and the fold changes from qPCR. Further, qPCR of the 30 candidate hypoxia biomarkers was applied to an additional 322 Chinook salmon exposed to hypoxic and normoxic conditions to reveal the top biomarkers to define hypoxic stress. Multivariate analyses revealed that smolt stage, water salinity, and morbidity status were relevant factors to consider with the expression of these genes in relation to hypoxic stress. These hypoxia candidate genes will be put into application screening Chinook salmon to determine the identity of stressors impacting the fish.
In Memorium Richard D. “Nik” Nikolaev August 24, 1938 – December 19, 2019
Authors: Cipolletti George
Published: July 2020

The worldwide orthopaedic industry lost one of our true giants, as Nik Nikolaev passed away in December of last year. Nik is survived by Sandy, his wife of nearly 60 years, daughter Kimberly and son Cort, of whom he was immensely proud. He is also survived by all of us who had the privilege of knowing and working with him, and by the millions of patients who received the gift of a new prosthesis that Nik was responsible for commercializing.
Enriquecimiento proteico de dos especies forrajeras y cáscara de piña por medio de fermentación en estado sólido
Authors: Jiménez Alfaro David , Sobalvarro Mena Jorge Luis , Elizondo Salazar Jorge Alberto
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La fermentación en estadosólido es una biotecnología que permite mejorarla calidad nutricional de forrajes y subproductosagrícolas para poder ser utlizados en la alimentación de rumiantes. Objetivo. Determinar elefecto del proceso de fermentación en estadosólido sobre los indicadores de fermentación(temperatura y pH) y la composición químicadel pasto taiwán (Pennisetum purpureum), sorgonegro forrajero (Sorghum almum) y cáscara depiña (Ananas comosus). Materiales y métodos.Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con3 sustratos: pasto taiwán, sorgo negro forrajero ycáscara de piña con 4 repeticiones. Se utilizaronmarcos de 1,0 m2, elaborados con bloques deconcreto; se mezclaron 490 kg en fresco de cadasustrato con 5% melaza, 1,5% urea, 0,7% sulfatode amonio, 0,5% mezcla mineral. Se depositaronen los marcos y se procedió a realizar el proceso de fermentación sobre piso de concreto desinfectado y provisto de sombra. Cada 6 horas se volteó el material en los marcos durante las 36 horas que duró el proceso de fermentación. Resultados. En relación con la temperatura, se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas (p<0,05), entre sustratos, para los diferentes tiempos de fermentación. A las 0 horas, el pasto taiwán presentó la temperatura más alta y, a las 24 horas de fermentación, la cáscara de piña alcanzó el punto máximo con una temperatura de 42,5°C. Considerando el pH, se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p<0,05) para los diferentes sustratos a las diferentes horas de fermentación, y los valores oscilaron entre 4,28 y 7,71. Con respecto a la concentración de proteína cruda, se encontraron diferencias significativas (p<0,05) para la cáscara de piña, que pasó de 40,48%; a las 0 h de fermentación a 43,40% a las 24 h y a 33,43% a las 36 h de fermentación. No se encontraron diferencias significativas (p>0,05) para los componentes de la pared celular durante el proceso de fermentación. Conclusiones. La fermentación en estado sólido es un proceso biotecnológico que permitió determinar su efecto sobre los parámetros fermentativos en 2 especies forrajeras y en la cáscara de piña, y que mejoró además la concentración de proteína cruda en la cáscara de piña a las 24 h de fermentación.
Inclusión de Vigna unguiculata y musa spp. para alimentación alternativa en pollos de engorde
Authors: Uzcátegui Varela Juan Pablo , Collazo Contreras Karen , Guillén Molina Edilmer
Published: July 2020

Introducción. La avicultura modernademanda el desarrollo de estrategias alimenticias que incrementen el nivel de sostenibilidaden las parvadas, lo cual ha generado interéspor incluir ingredientes no tradicionales en lasdietas para aves. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto dela inclusión parcial de frijol caupí (Vigna unguiculata) y plátano (Musa spp.) sobre parámetroszootécnicos de pollos de engorde. Materiales ymétodos. Se formuló una dieta isoprotéica (20%PC) e isocalórica (3,7 kcal ED/g) para alimentardurante 42 días 160 pollitos Cobb 500, con sustitución parcial de 0; 18; 20 y 22% el alimentoconcentrado (AC) por una mezcla experimental(ME) de V. unguiculata y Musa spp. Las avesfueron distribuidas al azar en 16 corrales segúnlos tratamientos (T): T0: 100% AC; T1: 82% AC+ 18% ME; T2: 80% AC + 20% ME y, T3: 78%AC + 22% ME y 4 repeticiones. Para evaluar larespuesta productiva, se consideraron los parámetros ganancia total de peso (GTP), ganancia diaria de peso (GDP), factor de conversiónalimenticia (FCA), consumo (C), rendimientoen canal (RC) y mortalidad (M). Resultados.El tratamiento control (T0) registró la mayorGTP (2,461±0,02 g), GDP (58,60±0,03 g), C(4,247±3,20 g) y FCA (1,73±0,06); sin embargo,el análisis estadístico reveló que el T0 y T1 sonestadísticamente iguales, mientras que T2 yT3 presentaron diferencia significativa (p<0,05)entre sí para la mayoría de variables y, frente aT0 y T1. En cuanto al RC, el T0 y T1 difirieronsignificativamente (p<0,05) con respecto a T2 yT3. Durante el experimento no murieron aves enninguno de los tratamientos evaluados. Conclusión. Sustituir hasta un 18% el AC por una mezcla balanceada a base de V. unguiculata y Musaspp. en pollos de engorde, resulta una alternativanutricional para la avicultura familiar.
Hādī al-‘Alawī and the Heterodoxy of Communo-Sufism
Authors: Riyadi Abdul Kadir
Published: July 2020

Sufism is time and again being associated with heresy as a result—among others—of a controversial thought by a man called Hadi al-‘Alawī with whom this paper is concerned. Using the concept of heterodoxy, this paper attempts to access the matrix of tensions and representations inherent within his so-called Communo-Sufism. It shows that as a communist, the first phase of his life, he looks at traditional Islam as a feudalized form of religion. It is a kind of natural betrayal to the genuine religiosity and spirituality represented by what he calls the “Jahili Islam”. In his view, the Jahili Islam is authentic and that Muhammad’s version of it is a sheer distortion of true Islam. The paper also tries to show that as a communist-sufi, the second phase of his life, he came up with a distinction between the “dead Islam” and the “living Islam”. The former is represented by traditionally Muslim faithful who adhere to Muhammad’s version of Islam. The latter, in the meantime, is the continuation of the Jahili-Islam. In al-‘Alawī’s discourse, Islam can only live on if it is based on the Jahili-Islam socially and legally. Theologically, Islam must be based on the Judeo-Christian traditions; philosophically on the Persian and Byzantine episteme; ideologically on Communism; and spiritually on Sufism. Vibrant as it may seem at the surface, his premises are nonetheless anarchistic and are an anti-thesis to the existing paradigmatic form of Islam.
Prediction of recurrent myocardial infarction in working-age patients
Authors: Shishkina E. A. , Khlynova O. V. , Tuev A. V. , Novikova I. A. , Nekrutenko L. A.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To determine independent predictors of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) and to create a model for predicting recurrent coronary events in working-age patients.

Material and methods. The study included 424 patients (median age 50 (43,5; 55,0) years). In 2017, all patients underwent treatment at the Perm Regional Vascular Center due to the first MI. We retrospectively analyzed the patient data with regard to medical history, comorbidities, diagnostic results, and treatment. After 2 years, information on recurrent MI was collected by analyzing data from electronic medical records of patients. Depending on the outcome, all patients were divided into two groups: with (n=78) and without (n=346) recurrent MI. Using the SPSS Statistics v.20, v.23 software package, we compared the central demographic, clinical, diagnostic parameters in the groups. Univariate and multivariate regression analyzes were performed to determine independent predictors of recurrent MI.

Results. Multivariate regression established the following independent predictors of recurrent MI: left ventricular ejection fraction <50% (odds ratio (OR) 5,5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1,56-19,34, p=0,008), anemia (OR=2,95, 95% CI 1,089- 9,765, p=0,046), multivessel coronary artery disease (OR 2,24, 95% CI 1,285- 3,909, p=0,004). Logistic regression model was created that allows predicting the 2-year risk of recurrent MI after the initial hospitalization with a sensitivity of 73,7% and a specificity of 79,6%.

Conclusion. The results of this study suggest that risk stratification for recurrent MI in working-age patients may need to take into account decreased left ventricular ejection fraction, hemoglobin level, and multivessel coronary artery disease.
Os efeitos da Punica granatum L. em diferentes concentrações sobre duas linhagens celulares: estudo in vitro
Authors: ROCHA Thaís de Oliveira , WERKMAN Cristina , SANTOS Hanna Flavia Santana dos , OLIVEIRA Wagner de , RODE Sigmar de Mello
Published: July 2020

Resumo Introdução A Punica granatum L. (PG), utilizada como medicamento fitoterápico, apresenta propriedades terapêuticas, anti-inflamatórias e antioxidante. Embora diversos estudos já tenham sido realizados com este fitoterápico, seus possíveis efeitos citotóxicos nos tecidos humanos ainda não são claros. Objetivo Avaliar a citotoxicidade da PG por meio de cultura celular com duas linhagens: fibroblastos humanos de mucosa oral (FLM) e células de carcinoma epidermoide oral humano (KB). Material e método As células foram submetidas ao teste de viabilidade celular por 24 horas nas concentrações da PG 1%, 0,50%, 0,25%, 0,125%, 0,062% e 0,031%, e aos testes de citotoxicidade celular em 4 horas, 1, 3, 5 e 7 dias, em diferentes concentrações, realizados em triplicata. Foi utilizado um controle negativo (Triton 1%) e um controle positivo sem o extrato de PG. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à ANOVA (p < 0,05). Resultado Foi possível observar que o extrato da PG possui efeitos inibitórios, apresentando-se maior nas células KB em relação às FLM. Os testes de citotoxicidade e viabilidade mostraram inibição e morte das células KB e FLM nas concentrações 1%, 0,50% e 0,25%. Conclusão O efeito inibitório da PG foi dose-dependentes, mostrando-se maior nas células KB em relação às FLM.
Avaliação de dentes monorradiculares artificiais utilizados para treinamento endodôntico
Authors: MENDES Juliana da Silva , MONTAGNER Francisco , MELO Tiago André Fontoura de , LUISI Simone Bonato
Published: July 2020

Resumo Introdução É desafio do ensino pré-clínico em Endodontia fornecer aos alunos dentes artificiais que reproduzam a morfologia dos dentes humanos. Objetivo Comparar a morfologia interna e externa de dentes artificiais monorradiculares com dados da literatura sobre dentes humanos. Material e método Os dentes artificiais foram doados pelos fabricantes: Fábrica de Sorrisos, empresa A, (n=20), e IM do Brasil Ltda., empresa B, (n=20). Foi realizada mensuração do comprimento total do dente e da raiz, da altura, das dimensões vestibulopalatina e mesiodistal da coroa, com paquímetro digital. A descrição morfológica das raízes, coroas e câmaras pulpares foi realizada. A localização topográfica do forame apical principal foi avaliada após exploração dos canais com instrumento endodôntico tipo K #15 até este atingir visualmente o ápice radicular. Os dados foram dispostos em uma planilha de cálculo e realizou-se a análise estatística [ANOVA e pós-teste de Tukey (α=5%)]. Resultado A amostra de caninos superiores da empresa B apresentou todas as variáveis dentro dos padrões morfométricos descritos na literatura. Em relação às morfologias interna e externa, a amostra de incisivos laterais superiores da empresa A foi a única a apresentar todas as variáveis dentro dos padrões descritos na literatura. Em relação à localização topográfica foraminal, os dentes da empresa A, assim como o canino inferior da empresa B, apresentaram tendência à posição distalizada e centralizada, vindo ao encontro da literatura. Conclusão Nenhum dente artificial estudado apresentou total similaridade morfológica e morfométrica com a literatura analisada, diferindo em pelo menos uma das variáveis, sendo indicada aos fabricantes uma revisão dos seus modelos.
Atitudes dos enfermeiros frente à morte no contexto hospitalar: diferenciação por unidades de cuidados
Authors: Cardoso Maria Filomena Passos Teixeira , Martins Maria Manuela Ferreira Pereira da Silva , Ribeiro Olga Maria Pimenta Lopes , Fonseca Esmeralda Faria
Published: July 2020

RESUMO Objetivo identificar a ocorrência da morte nas unidades de cuidados, bem como analisar os registros e as atitudes dos enfermeiros frente à morte no contexto hospitalar. Método estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal, com participação de 900 enfermeiros de um hospital do Norte de Portugal. Com recurso à triangulação de fontes de dados, a coleta realizou-se de fevereiro a março de 2018 através de questionário e observação de registros efetuados pelos enfermeiros. Para análise dos dados, usou-se estatística descritiva e analítica. Resultados são as unidades de medicina que apresentam maior número de mortes, sendo no turno da noite que se registra um valor mais elevado de ocorrências. Com relação às atitudes dos enfermeiros frente à morte, à exceção do evitamento, todas as outras evidenciam tendência semelhante entre o grupo profissional, independentemente da sua área de atuação. Os registros de enfermagem apresentam maior incidência ao nível da função ao invés de focados no domínio da pessoa. Conclusão e implicações para a prática além da aquisição de conhecimentos através da participação em formações sobre a morte e o processo de morrer, o acompanhamento e apoio dos profissionais, poderão desempenhar um papel fundamental na preparação dos enfermeiros para cuidar das pessoas em fim de vida.
LEER LOS MOVIMIENTOS SOCIALES DESDE EL INDIVIDUALISMO: REFLEXIONES A PARTIR DE LATINOAMÉRICA
Authors: Araujo Kathya , Martuccelli Danilo
Published: July 2020

RESUMEN La articulación entre el individualismo y los movimientos sociales es una cuestión ampliamente debatida en las ciencias sociales estadounidenses o europeas, pero relativamente ausente en el marco de la sociología latinoamericana. El artículo propone explorar este vínculos a través de tres grandes movimientos. En primer lugar, recuerda brevemente las maneras cómo el lazo entre individualismo y movimientos sociales ha sido habitualmente analizado en las ciencias sociales. En un segundo momento, se sugieren las maneras en que deben entenderse en el contexto de América Latina tanto el individualismo como los movimientos sociales. Por último, y a partir de esta reconsideración, se presentan las tensiones especificas entre ambos fenómenos sociales en la región.
Investigation on the use of ground alfa fibres as reinforcement of cement mortars
Authors: Ajouguim Soukaina , Page Jonathan , Djelal Chafika , Waqif Mohamed , Saâdi Latifa
Published: July 2020

Alfa plants are endemic to the Maghreb, where they cover great areas and are of prime socio-economic interest. This study investigated use of the alfa plant in a fibre-reinforced cement composite for facade panels. Alfa fibres were ground in a knife mill, sieved through a 2 mm sieve and added to the mixture in different addition ratios (1, 2 and 3 vol%). The results showed that the incorporation of ground alfa fibres did not significantly influence the fresh properties of the mortar. Compared with a control mortar, there was a decrease of 4% in the workability of the mortar reinforced with 2 vol% of alfa fibres. An enhancement in flexural strength was observed for all three addition ratios, with the evolution of flexural strength linearly related to the increase of the fibre addition ratio. However, the compressive strength of the composites decreased with the addition of fibres, mainly due to the high porosity inside the matrix. This was confirmed by a capillary test, which showed that a high addition ratio led to high water absorption by capillary motion.
Okur-Tepki Teorisi: Küçük Kara Balık Örneği
Authors: KANIK UYSAL Pınar , ATEŞ Seyit
Published: July 2020

Bu araştırmada edebî bir metinden yola çıkılarak okur tepkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada durum çalışması desenlerinden bütüncül tek durum deseni yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiş, çalışma grubu 10-11 yaş aralığında toplam 65 öğrenciden oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmada ilk olarak Samed Behrengi’nin “Küçük Kara Balık” adlı kitabı eşliğinde etkileşimli okuma çalışmaları yürütülmüş sonrasında da öğrencilerin bu eser hakkındaki görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Uygulama sürecinde araştırmacı tarafından tutulan alan notları, öğrenciler tarafından yazılan kompozisyonlar ve okuma çalışmaları tamamlandıktan sonra öğrencilerden elde edilen yazılı görüşler veri toplama aracı olarak kullanılmış, verilerin analiz edilmesinde betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Kitaba ilişkin okur tepkileri üç farklı şekilde analiz edilmiş; birincisinde Schwartz (1992) tarafından oluşturulan değer sınıflamasına göre hazır tema ve kodlar üzerinden, ikincisinde araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan kod ve temalar üzerinden, üçüncüsünde Wollman-Bonilla ve Werchadlo (1995) tarafından geliştirilen kategoriler üzerinden değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Kitaba verilen okur tepkileri analiz edildiğinde “öz yönelim, uyarılım ve iyilikseverlik” temalarına ait olan alt değerlerin sıklık oranının yüksek olduğu, öğrencilerin kitabı içselleştirdikleri ve kendi hayatları ile bağdaştırarak estetik tepkiler verdikleri, “aileye değer verme” özellikle de “anneye bağlılık” değerinin ön plana çıktığı tespit edilmiştir. Metnin ötesinde okurun varlığını ve tepkisini görebilmek adına bundan sonraki çalışmalarda farklı yaş grupları ile çalışılarak ahlaki ve bilişsel gelişim dönemlerinin okur tepkileri üzerindeki etkilerinin ortaya çıkarılması önerilmektedir.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Dinleme/İzleme Stratejilerini Kullanma Sıklıkları; Ana Dili Açısından Bir Karşılaştırma
Authors: DELİCAN Burak , GEDİK Osman
Published: July 2020

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı ana dili Türkçe olan ve olmayan ortaokul öğrencilerinin dinleme/izleme stratejilerini kullanma durumlarını tarama modelinde betimsel bir bakış açısıyla ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla araştırmanın örnekleminde ana dili Türkçe olan ve olmayan 210 ortaokul öğrencisi yer almaktadır. Araştırma sürecinde veri toplama aracı olarak Doğan ve Erdem (2017) tarafından geliştirilen Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Dinleme/İzleme Stratejileri Kullanım Sıklığı Ölçeği (DİSKSÖ) kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama süreci sonunda elde edilen veriler ölçeğin boyutları olan eleştirel dinleme/izleme, ayırt edici dinleme/izleme ve anlamlı dinleme/izleme boyutları açısından ve ölçeğin tamamı açısından değerlendirilmiştir. Dinleme/izleme stratejilerini kullanım sıklığı ile cinsiyet arasında anlamlı bir ilişkinin olmadığı, dinleme/izleme stratejileri açısından ana dili Türkçe olan öğrencilerin ana dili Türkçe olmayan öğrencilere göre dinleme/izleme stratejilerini daha sık kullandıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. DİSKSÖ’nün tamamı açısından ise 5. Sınıf öğrencilerinin 6, 7 ve 8. Sınıf öğrencilerinden; 6 ve 7. Sınıf öğrencilerinin de 8. Sınıf öğrencilerinden daha düşük sıklıkta dinleme/izleme stratejilerini kullandıkları ifade edilebilir.