bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Free Fatty Acid Synthetic Agonist Accelerates Wound Healing and Improves Scar Quality in Mice
Authors: Prado Thais P. , Jara Carlos P. , Dias Bóbbo Vanessa C. , Carraro Rodrigo S. , Sidarta-Oliveira Davi , de Mendonça Guilherme R. A. , Velloso Licio A. , Araújo Eliana P.
Published: November 2022

Background

Impaired wound healing is a health problem around the world, and the search for a novel product to repair wounded skin is a major topic in the field. GW9508 is a synthetic molecule described as a selective agonist of free fatty acid receptors (FFARs) 1 and 4, and there is evidence of its anti-inflammatory effects on several organs of the body.

Purpose

Here, we aimed to evaluate the effects of topical GW9508 on wound healing in mice.

Research Design

First, we used bioinformatic methods to determine the expression of FFAR1 and FFAR4 mRNA in the skin from a human cell atlas assembled with single-cell transcriptomes. Next, we employed 6-week-old C57BL6J mice with 2 wounds inflicted in the back. The mice were randomly divided into 2 groups, a control group, which received topical vehicle, and a treatment group, which received GW9508, for 12 days. The wound was monitored by photographic documentation every 2 days, and samples were collected at day 6 and 12 post injury for RT-PCR, western blot and histology analyses.

Results:

FFAR1 and FFAR4 mRNA are expressed in skin cells in similar amounts to those in other tissues. Topical GW9508 accelerated wound healing and decreased gene expression of IL-10 and metalloproteinase 9 on days 6 and 12 post injury. It increased the quantity of Collagen I and improved the organization of collagen fibres. Conclusions: Our results show that GW9508 could be an attractive drug treatment for wounded skin. Future studies need to be performed to assess the impact of GW9508 in chronic wound models.
In Silico Modeling Demonstrates that User Variability During Tumor Measurement Can Affect In Vivo Therapeutic Efficacy Outcomes
Authors: Murkin Jake T , Amos Hope E , Brough Daniel W , Turley Karl D
Published: November 2022

User measurement bias during subcutaneous tumor measurement is a source of variation in preclinical in vivo studies. We investigated whether this user variability could impact efficacy study outcomes, in the form of the false negative result rate when comparing treated and control groups. Two tumor measurement methods were compared; calipers which rely on manual measurement, and an automatic 3D and thermal imaging device. Tumor growth curve data were used to create an in silico efficacy study with control and treated groups. Before applying user variability, treatment group tumor volumes were statistically different to the control group. Utilizing data collected from 15 different users across 9 in vivo studies, user measurement variability was computed for both methods and simulation was used to investigate its impact on the in silico study outcome. User variability produced a false negative result in 0.7% to 18.5% of simulated studies when using calipers, depending on treatment efficacy. When using an imaging device with lower user variability this was reduced to 0.0% to 2.6%, demonstrating that user variability impacts study outcomes and the ability to detect treatment effect. Reducing variability in efficacy studies can increase confidence in efficacy study outcomes without altering group sizes. By using a measurement device with lower user variability, the chance of missing a therapeutic effect can be reduced and time and resources spent pursuing false results could be saved. This improvement in data quality is of particular interest in discovery and dosing studies, where being able to detect small differences between groups is crucial.
Perceptions of Inclusivity and Sustainability in Urban Sanitation in Global South Cities
Authors: Luwe Kondwani , Sindall Rebecca C , Garcia-Becerra Flor Y , Chinyama Annatoria , Lohiya Huda , Hope Caitlin , Paczkowski Fryderyk , Komakech Hans C. , Morse Tracy
Published: November 2022

Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS) calls for sustainable urban sanitation services for all, but the definitions of “inclusion” and “sustainability” within the framework leave room for interpretation. This study aims to provide an initial understanding of how these terms are currently interpreted by a range of sanitation actors in six cities of the Global South. Urban sanitation professionals from private (n = 16), public (n = 28), non-governmental (n = 43), and academic (n = 10) institutions were interviewed using a standardized tool, and data was analyzed to identify themes and trends. Terms such as “everyone” or “for all” shed little light on how to ensure inclusion, though disabled people, women, children, and the poor were all highlighted when probed. Greater specificity of beneficiary groups in policy is likely to enhance their visibility within sanitation service provision. All three pillars of sustainability identified within CWIS were referenced, with different stakeholders focusing more closely on environmental, social, or economic sustainability, based on their organizational goals and interests. Greater collaboration may foster a balanced view across the pillars, with different organizations acting as champions for each one. The findings can facilitate discussions on a shared understanding of multi-stakeholder engagement in achieving inclusive and sustainable sanitation service provision.
Evaluation of the cracked lap shear test for mixed-mode fracture toughness estimation of adhesive joints
Authors: Barros Ricardo BP , Campilho Raul DSG , Sánchez-Arce Isidro J , Dionísio João MM , Madani Kouider
Published: November 2022

Cohesive zone models are a widely used method in adhesive joint strength predictions, but it requires the knowledge of fracture toughness of the adhesive in the different loading modes, together with the mixed-mode behaviour. The cracked lap shear test is a simple but seldom studied mixed-mode test and, as such, a deeper knowledge about its accuracy and of the available data reduction methods is required. This work consists of the experimental and numerical analysis of the cracked lap shear test to estimate the mixed-mode fracture toughness of two structural adhesives. The experimental work consisted of testing cracked lap shear specimens with the different adhesives. Numerically, cohesive zone model were used to predict the behaviour of bonded joints under mixed mode, while assessing the validity of the available data reduction methods to estimate fracture toughness. While the experimental analysis showed that the Brussat’s method led to offset results compared to the other methods, the cohesive zone model analysis confirmed the inadequacy of the Brussat's method, and the suitability of the Grady and Kinloch's models for mixed-mode fracture analysis.
Transnational giving between Shikoku, Japan and Burma/ Myanmar: From memorializing One’s dead to humanitarianism with peace and war reflections
Authors: Creighton Millie
Published: November 2022

Bagan, Myanmar (formerly Burma) is famous for its over 2200 Buddhist temples. People contribute to these temples as charitable work, to fulfill social or sacred obligations, or show they are “good Buddhists”. In World War II Japan’s military government sent Shikoku youth to South East Asia, including Burma, where over 6000 died. Following WWII, Shikoku groups sent funds to Burma to memorialize their dead. Thus began over 70 years of transnational giving involving construction and maintenance of temples, generalized support, and bringing medical advances to Burma/Myanmar. This article explores Shikoku-Myanmar transnational giving, and how it reverberates with peace and war issues. It raises a counter narrative to the Japanese state’s assertion that Yasukuni Shrine is necessary to memorialize war dead, makes links with Japanese citizens’ movements upholding Japan’s pacifist constitution and Article 9 (renouncing militarism), and adds to gift-giving frameworks, showing how, once established gift-giving can create obligations including those not directly about reciprocation.
Technical Assistance From Public Health Practitioners to Small Food Retailers to Implement Minimum Stocking Standards
Authors: Schreiber Liana , Rondeau-Ambroz Teresa , Bishop Susan , Zukoski Ann
Published: November 2022

Implementing minimum stocking standard policies in food retail settings has been one strategy used to address lack of healthy food availability. Policies alone may not be enough to increase healthy options, as barriers may arise during implementation, such as lack of distributors and/or refrigeration. Technical assistance (TA) from public health practitioners (PHPs) can bolster the implementation of such policies. This study describes the impact of a pilot intervention where PHPs provided TA to store managers/owners aimed to increase healthy options through implementing minimal stocking standards. This intervention consisted of TA about healthy products, placement, and promotion from state to county/city PHPs and from PHPs to managers/owners of small food retail stores. Thirteen food retailers and PHPs from 11 different agencies participated in this intervention. PHPs interviewed managers/owners pre- and post-intervention to understand perceptions and practices and collected data about the availability of healthy options. PHPs tracked the TA provided to managers/owners and completed a postsurvey, assessing their experience. During the pilot, stores increased the median number of varieties of healthy options. PHPs provided TA around healthy products, placement; and promotion building relationships with distributors and farmers, and overcoming infrastructure barriers. Finding distributors with healthy options remained challenging for some managers/owners. PHPs indicated that continued TA for managers/owners is necessary for sustainability and additional support around distribution and business/economic challenges is needed. Overall, this pilot indicates that PHPs are valuable partners to small food retailers, and in partnership, they have potential to address healthy food access issues.
Research on preparation and flame retardancy of melamine-modified flame retardant loofah composites
Authors: Pan Mengli , Chen Weijia , Dai Jing , Shu Zhongjun , Xue Honglai , Xu Jiacheng , Ou Hongxiang
Published: November 2022

As a natural plant material with unique porous structure, loofah is used in many fields, but there are still defects in fire safety performance in that its flammability. The melamine-modified flame retardant loofah composites (M-FR-PL) were prepared by impregnation baking method. The experimental synthesis conditions were optimized by L9 (34) orthogonal design. The flame retardancy, heat release rate (HRR), thermal stability and smoke density of the composites were analyzed. M-FR-PL6 prepared under the optimum experimental conditions had good properties: the adsorption rate of flame retardant (AR, %) was 6.8%, the limiting oxygen index (LOI, %) reached 27.5%, the vertical combustion level reached V-0, and the amount of residual char was 17.2% higher than that of loofah. The flame retardant mechanism of M-FR-PL6 was thoroughly discussed by various characterization methods. The peak of the HRR curve of M-FR-PL6 declined compared with loofah, indicating the loofah after melamine flame-retardant treatment has good flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties.
Seizures and Cardiac Dysrhythmias: And the Beat (Sometimes) Goes On
Authors: King-Stephens David
Published: November 2022

[Box: see text]
Evolutionary modeling and robustness analysis of multi-domain cooperative communication network under the environment of Internet of things
Authors: Wang Jianrong , Zhang Pan , Bai Wei , Yang Guoyuan , Yang Yunyun
Published: November 2022

In the future, the Internet of things will reduce the cell radius and increase the number of low-power nodes to support thousands of times of traffic growth under 5G. As a virtual multiple input multiple output technology, cooperative communication technology can solve these problems effectively. According to the evolution characteristics of cooperative communication networks, a multi-domain cooperative communication network evolution model with preferential attachment and random attachment is constructed in this article. And then, the network properties and robustness are analyzed using the mean-field method and different attacks. Aiming at the resource constraints and resource allocation problems of communication nodes, a relay selection strategy based on the combination of maximum degree and minimum clustering coefficient is proposed. The simulation results show that the relay node selection strategy based on the combination of maximum degree and minimum clustering coefficient has significant advantages in selection steps and selection time, which greatly enhanced the performance of relay selection in multi-domain cooperative communication networks. Through real-time monitoring and updating of the performance and security indicators of the multi-domain cooperative communication networks, it provides a strong guarantee for the node deployment and security management of the Internet of things cooperative communication system.
A flexible continuous-wave quantum cryptography scheme with zero-trust security for Internet of Things
Authors: Shen Yong , Tang Xiaokang , Zhang Xiang , Zhou Yongzhuang , Zou Hongxin
Published: November 2022

As quantum computing techniques develop rapidly, the security of classical communication, which is usually based on public key encryption algorithm, is under great threat. Therefore, a key establishment method with physics base is demanding, especially for Internet of Things devices, where energy and computational power is quite limited. In this article, we present a flexible continuous-wave quantum cryptography scheme for Internet of Things systems. In this configuration, the IoT controller contains a narrow linewidth laser as a real local oscillator. Thus, it is capable of working as either a host or a client in quantum key distribution with remote servers, and efficiently generating quantum random numbers for quantum key distribution, as well as one time pad communication with deployed sensors. The security of the scheme is analyzed under the assumption of collective attacks in the asymptotic regime, and feasibility is theoretically verified with typical channel and commercial device parameters.
Analyzing the Clinical Efficacy of a Type 5 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor Combined With Ziyin Baihuo Granules in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Wang Rui , Sun Wen-Gong , Zhang Tian-Biao , Zheng Tao , Lv Kun-Long , Nan Yong-Hao , Zhang Wei-Xing
Published: November 2022

The study explored the clinical efficacy of a type 5 phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE5i) combined with Ziyin Baihuo granules in the treatment of patients suffering from erectile dysfunction (ED) with yin deficiency and fire-hyperactivity syndrome. A total of 163 patients with erectile dysfunction were divided into observation and control groups. The observation group took tadalafil (Cialis) and Ziyin Baihuo granules orally, and the control group took only tadalafil orally, for 12 weeks. An additional 40 healthy people were selected as a normal group for comparison of the sex hormone levels before and after treatment of the participants in the erectile dysfunction group. After treatment, the symptoms of dry throat and tongue, tidal fever and night sweats, liking cold and avoiding heat, and waist pain showed significant improvement in the observation group ( p < .05). Compared with before treatment, the clinical indexes of erectile function in the control group and the observation group were improved after treatment ( p < .05). After treatment, Ziyin Baihuo granules combined with tadalafil restored the abnormal indexes of blood ( p < .05) in the observation group. Our research shows that PDE5i combined with Ziyin Baihuo granules could effectively improve erectile function.
Evaluation of human factors on visual inspection skills in textiles and clothing: A statistical approach
Authors: Ramzan Muhammad Babar , Qureshi Sheheryar Mohsin , Habib Muhammad Salman , Naveed Tayyab , Awais Muhammad , Jamshaid Hafsa
Published: November 2022

In visual inspection, the impact of different human factors on inspection performance has been evaluated in past. However, there is a need to study the effect of relevant factors and their interrelation in a single framework to monitor and improve inspection performance. This study aims to identify and evaluate such human factors for proposing a framework that indicates their interrelationship. After reviewing the literature, five constructs with their respective observed variables are selected to propose the framework. The survey instrument is developed using the suggested framework to collect data from industry professionals where human labor perform the inspection for products such as textiles. Finally, data are collected through an online survey and analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis to test the hypotheses. The results verify that the selected constructs are good measures of inspection skill, however, some variables are excluded from the model for being insignificant. Results show that the factors related to the constructs – personal, physical/mental, and organizational – are found more influencing than system and inspection-task factors. This study identifies and models the inspection-related significant factors into a framework that will help monitor and improve the performance of an individual or whole inspection station.
Ten-year experience of infrainguinal bypass with endoscopic vein harvest
Authors: Khorfan Rhami , Vely Aela , Batool Farwa , Jackson Miles W , Hance M LaWaun , Jones Diane J , Napier Jarred A , Heidenreich Michael J , Aziz Abdulhameed
Published: November 2022

Objectives

There is conflicting data comparing minimally invasive vein harvest (MIVH) using endoscopic technique and open vein harvest (OVH) in terms of bypass patency, wound infection incidence, and patient morbidity. Our institution has performed MIVH since 2003 for peripheral bypass procedures with a consistent team of specialized endoscopic vein harvesters. This study reviewed the major outcomes of MIVH infrainguinal bypass at our institution given a predominant cohort of critical limb ischemia.

Methods

We performed a 10-year, retrospective, single-institution review from January 2005 to December 2014, identifying all patients undergoing MIVH for obstructive infrainguinal disease. Primary outcomes were primary patency, operative time, intraoperative complications, surgical site infection (SSI), and freedom from amputation.

Results

A total of 289 patients (70% male) underwent MIVH infrainguinal bypass at an average age of 68 ± 12 years old, an obesity prevalence of 28%, and with critical limb ischemia in 81% of the patient cohort (20% rest pain, 61% tissue loss/gangrene). Ninety-four percent of patients had no intraoperative complications, 2.5% had adverse cardiac or technical complications, and 4.2% of patients required transfusion. Average operative time was 4.2 h. Femoral-popliteal TASC classification C and D constituted 80% of our patient cohort. At the last follow-up, toe pressures had increased from 30 ± 30 to 62 ± 40 mmHg ( p < 0 .0001). Primary bypass patency in the first 30 days was 95%. SSI incidence requiring surgical treatment was only 6%. Our median length of stay was 4.0 days, with median intravenous narcotic use of 1 day. In addition, 77% of patients returned to their baseline mobility at first follow-up (median 19 days), and 83% of patients had freedom from amputation at last follow-up (median 820 days).

Conclusions

In a center with experience in MIVH and a consistent group of experienced endoscopic vein harvesters, MIVH bypass has excellent patency, low surgical site infection, short length of stay, and prompt return to baseline mobility.
CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract) for community pharmacy vaccinations in children: Effect on immunization stress-related responses and satisfaction
Authors: Taddio Anna , Morrison James , Gudzak Victoria , Logeman Charlotte , McMurtry C. Meghan , Bucci Lucie M. , Shea Christine , MacDonald Noni E. , Yang Molly
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

CARD (Comfort Ask Relax Distract) is a vaccine delivery program demonstrated to reduce pain, fear and associated immunization stress-related responses (ISRR) in children undergoing vaccinations at school. This study evaluated CARD’s clinical impact when integrated into community pharmacy–based pediatric vaccinations.

Methods:

This was a before-and-after CARD implementation study in 5 independent pharmacies offering COVID-19 vaccinations to children aged 5-11 years. No changes were made to practices in the “before” phase. CARD interventions were integrated in the “after” phase (e.g., children prepared a coping plan using a checklist, distraction toolkits were placed in waiting and vaccination spaces, vaccinations were performed with privacy, needles were obscured). Children self-reported ISRR, including fear, pain and dizziness during vaccination, and both children and parents/caregivers (herein, parents) compared the child’s experience to their last needle (better, same, worse). In the “after” phase, parents and children reported how much CARD helped (not at all, a little bit, a moderate amount, a lot).

Results:

The study was conducted between January 16 and March 20, 2022. Altogether, 152 children participated (71 before and 81 after CARD); demographic characteristics did not differ. Children’s self-reported fear was lower after CARD, when assessed continuously (2.5 vs 3.7 out of 10; p = 0.02) or dichotomously, using a cut-off of 0 vs >0 (58% vs 80%; p = 0.01). Pain was lower when assessed dichotomously (<2 vs ≥2; p = 0.03). There was no difference in dizziness. After CARD, children and parents reported more positive experiences compared to the child’s last needle ( p = 0.01, both analyses) and more children and parents reported that distraction and child participation in the process were helpful ( p < 0.001, both analyses). Overall, 92% of children and 91% of parents said CARD helped.

Conclusion:

CARD reduced children’s fear and improved vaccination experiences for children and parents when integrated in community pharmacy–based vaccinations.
A Review of Multisite Replication Projects in Social Psychology: Is It Viable to Sustain Any Confidence in Social Psychology’s Knowledge Base?
Authors: Baumeister Roy F. , Tice Dianne M. , Bushman Brad J.
Published: November 2022

Multisite (multilab/many-lab) replications have emerged as a popular way of verifying prior research findings, but their record in social psychology has prompted distrust of the field and a sense of crisis. We review all 36 multisite social-psychology replications (plus three articles reporting multiple ministudies). We start by assuming that both the original and the multisite replications were conducted in honest and diligent fashion, despite often yielding different conclusions. Four of the 36 (11%) were clearly successful in terms of providing significant support for the original hypothesis, and five others (14%) had mixed results. The remaining 27 (75%) were failures. Multiple explanations for the generally poor record of replications are considered, including the possibility that the original hypothesis was wrong; operational failure; low engagement of participants; and bias toward failure. The relevant evidence is assessed as well. There was evidence for each of the possibilities listed above, with low engagement emerging as a widespread problem (reflected in high rates of discarded data and weak manipulation checks). The few procedures with actual interpersonal interaction fared much better than others. We discuss implications in relation to manipulation checks, effect sizes, and impact on the field and offer recommendations for improving future multisite projects.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in resectable gastroesophageal cancers - a review
Authors: Mukherjee Sarbajit , Parmar Kanak , Smyth Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

Gastroesophageal cancers (GEC) have a poor survival rate of 20–30% at 5 years, often due to delayed presentations. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery or peri-operative chemotherapy and surgery are widely used as the standard of care for patients with resectable GEC. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved survival in metastatic and recurrent GEC which led to their application in resectable GEC. Based on the pivotal CheckMate 577 study results, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved nivolumab for patients with completely resected high-risk esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer (GEJC). Several ongoing trials with many ICIs could potentially improve resectable GEC outcomes. This review explores the rationale for using ICIs in resectable GEC and discusses the significance of reported clinical trials. Finally, we will examine some ongoing clinical trials and the challenges as well as prospects of ICIs in resectable GEC.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Within Hospital: A Scoping Review and Summary of Guidelines From the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care
Authors: Avari Parizad , Lumb Alistair , Flanagan Daniel , Rayman Gerry , Misra Shivani , Dhatariya Ketan , Choudhary Pratik
Published: November 2022

Increasing numbers of people, particularly with type 1 diabetes (T1D), are using wearable technologies. That is, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) pumps, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems, and hybrid closed-loop systems, which combine both these elements. Given over a quarter of all people admitted to hospital have diabetes, there is a need for clinical guidelines for when people using them are admitted to hospital. The Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care (JBDS-IP) provide a scoping review and summary of guidelines on the use of diabetes technology in people with diabetes admitted to hospital.

JBDS-IP advocates enabling people who can self-manage and use their own diabetes technology to continue doing so as they would do out of hospital. Whilst people with diabetes are recommended to achieve a target of 70% time within range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L [70-180 mg/dL]), this can be very difficult to achieve whilst unwell. We therefore recommend targeting hypoglycemia prevention as a priority, keeping time below 3.9 mmol/L (70 mg/dL) at < 1%, being aware of looming hypoglycemia if glucose is between 4.0 and 5.9 mmol/L (72-106 mg/dL), and consider intervening, particularly if there is a downward CGM trend arrow.

Health care organizations need clear local policies and guidance to support individuals using diabetes technologies, and ensure the relevant workforce is capable and skilled enough to ensure their safe use within the hospital setting. The current set of guidelines is divided into two parts. Part 1, which follows below, outlines the guidance for use of CGM in hospital. The second part outlines guidance for use of CSII and hybrid closed-loop in hospital.
Islamic Religious Education in Kazakhstan: Applying Futures Studies to Skyrocket the Reform
Authors: Muzykina Yelena V.
Published: November 2022

Futures studies and foresight are new disciplines for Central Asia. Their methodology is making the first steps in the region. The present paper tests how narrative foresight can be applied in the field of religious education reform. For Kazakhstan, Islamic education has become a critical aspect of socio-cultural life. Its present situation requires radical changes, and the seven core questions of narrative foresight methodology help to research the vital dimensions of the problem in the quest for a solution. Going through the history of the issue, the forecast for current trends, identifying critical assumptions, and building alternative futures helps to arrive at the preferred future for Islamic education in Kazakhstan. With a new vision, some practical steps come forward that can guide to that new reality embodied in a new metaphor.
Earlier and More Severe Cartilage Degeneration Occurs After Meniscal Tears in Juvenile Rabbits Compared with Adults
Authors: Yan Wenqiang , Fan Yifei , Dai Wenli , Cheng Jin , Zhao Fengyuan , Yang Shuai , Li Yuwan , Maimaitimin Maihemuti , Cao Chenxi , Shao Zhenxing , Li Zong , Wang Hongde , Hu Xiaoqing , Ao Yingfang
Published: November 2022

Objective

To compare the severity of cartilage degeneration after meniscal tears between juvenile and adult rabbits.

Design

This study included 20 juvenile rabbits (2 weeks after birth) and 20 adult rabbits (6 months after birth). Meniscal tears were prepared in the anterior horn of medial menisci of right knees. Rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Cartilage degenerations in the medial femoral condyle and medial tibial plateau were evaluated macroscopically and histologically. The semiquantitative assessment of cartilage degeneration was graded by macroscopic Outerbridge scoring system and histological Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scoring system.

Results

In juvenile rabbits, the morphologically intact cartilage and normal extracellular matrix architecture were observed at the first week postoperatively. Mild uneven cartilage surface and toluidine blue depletion in the medial femoral condyle were observed on histological assessment at 3 weeks postoperatively. The worsened cartilage deterioration demonstrating chondral fibrillation, prominent cell death, and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) release was observed at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. In adult rabbits, only mild cartilage degeneration was observed in the medial femoral condyle at 12 weeks postoperatively. The outcomes of Outerbridge and OARSI scores were consistent with the aforementioned findings in juvenile and adult rabbits.

Conclusions

Our study validated that earlier and more severe cartilage degenerations were observed in juvenile rabbits after meniscal tears compared with adult rabbits. Moreover, the post-tear cartilage degeneration demonstrated regional specificity corresponded to the tear position. However, caution is warranted when extrapolating results of animal models to humans.
‘TAVR Infected Pseudomonas Endocarditis’: a case report
Authors: Essien Francis , Patterson Shane , Estrada Fernando , Wall Timothy , Madden John , McGarvey Michael
Published: November 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa) rarely causes infective endocarditis (IE), previously reported for approximately 3% of all patients with IE.1 Most commonly, the infection occurs in intravenous drug users (IVDU) as right-sided endocarditis, noting presentations of P. aeruginosa IE without history of intravenous drug to be extremely rare, finding only a few cases reported in the literature. However there are increasing reports of cardiovascular implantable electronic device–related and prosthetic heart valve infections caused by this pathogen in non-IVDUs.2 This report will focus on the clinical presentation, management, and outcome of P. aeruginosa endocarditis in an 89-year-old patient with a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Medical management was pursued due to the patient’s underlying comorbidities. Long-term suppressive antibiotic therapy with delafloxacin was successful in maintaining negative blood cultures, despite an allergy to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.

Plain Language Summary

An 89-year-old male was admitted to our hospital after he was diagnosed with a blood stream infection. The initial identification noted gram-negative organisms consistent with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa so the patient was started on intravenous (IV) antibiotics. He improved after the antibiotics started and was discharged to a nursing facility to complete his antibiotics course. While at the facility, after he had finished his antibiotics, he started to become ill again. He was brought back to the hospital to be evaluated. His repeat blood cultures again grew P. Aeruginosa. This suggested that his infection had not been cleared the first time and most likely he had a source of bacterial growth. A few years prior, a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) had been performed for the patient. This was suspected as the source of continued infection and so a transthoracic echocardiogram was obtained, which revealed vegetation on the TAVR. We also obtained a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain, which demonstrated infarcts of several portions of the brain consistent with emboli. Due to his age and additional medical issues, the patient was not a candidate for surgical valve replacement. We decided to try medical therapy with a fluoroquinolone antibiotic since the bacteria was susceptible to it. Unfortunately, he had demonstrated allergies to the usual choices to include Levaquin and ciprofloxacin. Therefore, we elected to start him on a new fluoroquinolone agent that had recently been FDA approved and obtained by our facility called delafloxacin. The patient tolerated this well and his repeat blood cultures remain clear. After discussion with the infectious disease specialist, he requires a lifelong suppression with the medication since the TAVR cannot be removed. This case is meant to illustrate the effectiveness of medical therapy when surgical options are not available.
The Diagnostic Journey of Childhood Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome: Perspectives of Children and Their Caregivers
Authors: Okpere Augustina , Samuel Susan , King-Shier Kathryn , Hamiwka Lorraine , Elliott Meghan J.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Childhood nephrotic syndrome is a rare kidney disease characterized by sudden onset of edema, massive proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia. Rare diseases can have a long and difficult trajectory to diagnosis.

Objective:

We aimed to explore the experiences of children with nephrotic syndrome and their caregivers in their search of a nephrotic syndrome diagnosis.

Design:

An exploratory, qualitative descriptive study design.

Setting:

The Alberta Children’s Hospital outpatient nephrology program in Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Sample:

Children aged 9 to 18 years with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome and their caregivers.

Methods:

We undertook semi-structured interviews with children (alone or with a caregiver present) and their caregivers using a question guide suitable to their age and role. We used a thematic analysis approach to inductively code the data and characterize themes related to our research question.

Results:

Participants included 10 children aged 9 to 18 years (6 boys and 4 girls) and 18 caregivers (8 men and 10 women). We characterized 3 themes related to participants’ experiences in search of a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome: (1) unexpected and distressing symptom onset, (2) elusiveness of a diagnosis, and (3) encountering a diagnosis. Children with nephrotic syndrome and their caregivers described experiencing initial anxiety due to their unusual and unexpected symptom onset and lack of awareness about the disease. Perceived diagnostic delays and incorrect diagnosis early in the course of the disease contributed to multiple consultations with a variety of care providers. Overall, participants expressed a desire to move past their diagnosis, learn about nephrotic syndrome, and engage in their treatment plans.

Limitations:

The views expressed by participants may not reflect those of individuals from other settings. The time elapsed since participants’ nephrotic syndrome diagnosis may have influenced their recall of events and reactions to this diagnosis.

Conclusions:

In characterizing the diagnostic experiences of children and their caregivers, our study provides insight into how patients with nephrotic syndrome and their caregivers can be supported by the healthcare team along this journey. Focused strategies to increase awareness and understanding of nephrotic syndrome among healthcare providers are needed to improve patients’ and families’ diagnostic experiences.
A catalyst for change: Developing a collaborative reflexive ethnographic approach to research with hospital doctors during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Creese Jennifer , Byrne John-Paul , Olson Rebecca , Humphries Niamh
Published: November 2022

The understanding of what ethnography looks like, and its purpose, is continuously evolving. COVID-19 posed a significant challenge to ethnographers, particularly those working in health-related research. Researchers have developed alternative forms of ethnography to overcome some of these challenges; we developed the Mobile Instant Messaging Ethnography (MIME) adaptation to ethnography in 2021 to overcome restrictions to our own research with hospital doctors. However, for ethnographic innovations to make a substantial contribution to methodology, they should not simply be borne of necessity, but of a dedicated drive to expand paradigms of research, to empower participant groups and to produce change – in local systems, in participant-collaborators and in researchers and the research process itself. In this paper, we reflect on our experiences using MIME, involving collaborative remote observation and reflection with 28 hospital doctors in Ireland from June to December 2021. After reviewing literature on ethnography in COVID-19 and general epistemological developments in ethnography, we detail the MIME approach and illustrate how MIME presents an evolution of the ethnographic approach, not only practically but in terms of its reflexive shift, its connected and co-creative foundations, and its ability to drive change in research approaches, participant life-worlds and real-world improvement.
The Interaction Effect of Text-Based Corporate Innovation and Economic Policy Uncertainty on Firm Performance
Authors: Denlertchaikul Nattarinee , Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Jiraporn Pornsit , Phiromswad Piyachart
Published: November 2022

Prior research shows that corporate innovation enhances firm value. Using a novel text-based measure of corporate innovation, we explore how the effects of corporate innovation on firm performance change in the presence of economic policy uncertainty. We use a large sample of US firms over the period 1996 to 2010 to test the relationship by executing firm-fixed effect regressions. Our results show that corporate innovation significantly positively affects firm performance. However, our results also reveal that the favorable effect of corporate innovation on firm value is reduced substantially in times of greater economic policy uncertainty. The latter result highlights the urgent need for policymakers to maintain the long-term consistency of economic policies to encourage firms’ innovative activities. Several robustness checks including three proxies for firm performance and four instrumental-variable analyses confirm our original results.

JEL Classification: E66, O31, G32
A Comparative Analysis of Data Quality in Online Zoom Versus Phone Interviews: An Example of Youth With and Without Disabilities
Authors: Lindsay Sally
Published: November 2022

Qualitative researchers are increasingly using online data collection methods, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. I compared the data quality (i.e., interview duration, average number of themes and sub-themes, and inaudible words) of 34 interviews (29 conducted by Zoom (16 with camera on, 13 camera off) and 5 conducted by phone) drawn from a study focusing on youth’s coping experiences during the pandemic. Findings showed that phone interviews had a longer duration compared to Zoom. However, phone interviews had a similar average word count to Zoom interviews (with the camera on). Zoom interviews conducted with the camera off were shorter in duration than interviews with the camera on. The number of themes was similar across the different interview formats but there were fewer sub-themes for Zoom interviews with the camera off. The findings suggest that Zoom interviews conducted with the camera off could affect the data quality. This research also emphasizes the importance of giving participants choice in the format of their interview to allow for optimal sharing of experiences while enhancing the equity, diversity and inclusion of the participants.
Using Extended TPB Models to Predict Dishonest Academic Behaviors of Undergraduates in a Chinese Public University
Authors: Juan Liu Xin , Tao Wu Yun , Veloo Palanisamy K. , Supramaniam Mahadevan
Published: November 2022

Dishonest academic behavior (DAB) by students in Chinese higher education institutions has become a significant concern. However, the related study of academic dishonesty in mainland China is very limited. This study fills this gap by examining the theory of planned behavior and its three extended versions, validating the effectiveness of predicting DAB among Chinese undergraduates, and testing 11 developed hypotheses. This study uses a quantitative research design, and responses are collected online from 525 undergraduate students from five disciplines in the second to fourth year at a public university in China. The results reveal the proposed models have good fitting indices and support 10 hypothetical relationships. These relationships demonstrate that attitudes, norms and control beliefs significantly impact intentions and justifications. Meanwhile, behavioral control, intentions, and justifications significantly influence DAB. Notably, this study found a direct and significant effect of MO on justifications. Therein, Model four best explains the variance in DAB and provides practical support for the expanded TPB models’ application in China.
Surveillance of Isolated Colonic Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in an Adult: A Case Report
Authors: Kolagatla Sandhya , Jenkins Joshua K. , Elsoueidi Joseph , Moka Nagabhishek
Published: November 2022

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder involving the proliferation of myeloid-derived dendritic cells. It most commonly affects children aged less than 1 to 2 years old. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in adults is more uncommon with an estimated incidence of 1 to 2 cases per 1 million. Langerhans cell histiocytosis can present as a multisystem or single-system disease involving bone, skin, lymph nodes, and various other organ systems. The spectrum of symptoms can range from asymptomatic disease, localized skeletal or dermatologic manifestations, or systemic symptoms of weight loss, fever, and other organ-specific manifestations. Langerhans cell histiocytosis with isolated involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is exceedingly rare with only approximately 14 cases reported in the English medical literature. Here, we report an additional case of LCH presenting as an isolated colonic polyp. This patient was also followed for a 3-year period after initial diagnosis to provide valuable follow-up data. With this case, we aim to contribute to the literature by further characterizing the presentation, treatment, and disease course of this rare phenomenon and provide valuable data to guide future screening guidelines for isolated LCH polyps in the colon.
Stoma Retraction in Super-Morbidly Obese Patient Leading to Class IV Midline Wound: A Cautionary Tale
Authors: Morgan Ryan D , John Albin , Youssi Brandon , McReynolds Shirley , Puckett Yana , Ronaghan Catherine
Published: November 2022

Stoma creation is often necessary for fecal diversion in general surgery. The creation of stomas involves mobilization of either the large or small intestine through the abdominal wall to allow for the passage of waste that traverses the intestinal tract. Among the complications of stoma creation, particularly in obese patients, is stoma retraction, whereby the stoma retracts greater than 5 mm from the skin. This is often accompanied by extensive dermal dehiscence, which can lead to significant leakage resulting in infection. Here, we present the case of a super-morbidly obese female patient with an end ileostomy following total colectomy in which abdominal closure was not initially achieved. The stoma became retracted and dehisced leading to continued contamination of the open abdomen, necessitating multiple abdominal washouts. Injection of 300 units of botulinum toxin A (BTA) was administered into the abdominal wall muscles later the day of her index operation. An Abdominal Wall Reapproximation Anchor (ABRA) dynamic tissue system (DTS) was utilized successfully in subsequent operations for primary myofascial closure. Heavy continuous contamination of the midline wound through the subcutaneous cleft between the retracted ileostomy and midline surgical wound was treated with intensive wound care, strict bed rest, nothing to eat or drink (NPO), and total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Post-operative stoma complications occur frequently, and stoma retraction is commonly encountered, especially in the obese. The patient presented in this case study had multiple risk factors which led to a complicated treatment course. Successful primary myofascial closure and complete healing of the midline surgical wound highlights the importance of a patient-tailored multimodal approach.
Comparison of Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using an All-Inside Technique With and Without Independent Suture Tape Reinforcement
Authors: Therrien Erik , Pareek Ayoosh , Song Bryant M. , Wilbur Ryan R. , Till Sara E. , Krych Aaron J. , Stuart Michael J. , Levy Bruce A.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Biomechanical studies support the use of suture tape reinforcement for limiting graft elongation and increasing strength in knee ligament reconstructions.

Purpose:

To compare posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) laxity, complication and reoperation rates, and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) after all-inside single-bundle PCL reconstruction (PCLR) with versus without independent suture tape reinforcement.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients who underwent primary, all-inside allograft single-bundle PCLR with and without independent suture tape reinforcement at a single academic institution from 2012 to 2019. Medical records were reviewed for patient characteristics, additional injuries, and concomitant procedures. PRO scores (including the International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC], Tegner activity scale, and Lysholm scores), bilateral comparison kneeling radiographs, and physical examination findings were collected at a minimum of 2 years postoperatively.

Results:

Included were 50 patients: 19 with suture tape reinforcement (mean age 30.6 ± 2.9 years) and 31 without suture tape reinforcement (control group; mean age 26.2 ± 1.6 years). One PCLR graft in the suture tape group failed. Posterior drawer examination revealed grade 1+ laxity in 4 of 19 (21%) of the suture tape cohort versus 6 of 31 (19%) of the control cohort ( P > .999). Bilateral kneeling radiographs showed similar side-to-side differences in laxity between the groups (suture tape vs control: mean, 1.9 ± 0.4 vs 2.6 ± 0.6 mm; P = .361). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in postoperative IKDC (suture tape vs control: 79.3 vs 79.6; P = .779), Lysholm (87.5 vs 84.3; P = .828), or Tegner activity (5.6 vs 5.7; P = .562) scores.

Conclusion:

All-inside single-bundle PCLR with and without independent suture tape reinforcement demonstrated low rates of graft failure, complications, and reoperations, with satisfactory PROs at a minimum 2-year follow-up. Radiographic posterior tibial translation was comparable between the 2 groups.