bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Congenital Absence of Tracheal or Bronchial Rings
Authors: Smith Matthew M. , Kou Yann‐Fuu , Schweiger Claudia , Lehenbauer David G. , de Alarcon Alessandro , Rutter Michael J.
Published: August 2020

Objective

Congenital airway stenosis secondary to absent tracheal or bronchial rings is a rare congenital anomaly that is difficult to manage both clinically and surgically. This typically manifests as severe segmental tracheomalacia, and only isolated cases with short‐term follow‐up have been previously described. We aim to describe a series of children with absent tracheal or bronchial rings who underwent surgical management and had long‐term follow‐up.

Study Design

Case series with chart review.

Setting

Tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Methods

Patients with absent tracheal or bronchial rings from 2002 to 2016. Electronic and paper medical records were queried to obtain demographics, age at diagnosis and surgery, pre‐ and postoperative symptoms, location of absent rings, procedure performed, length of follow‐up, and adjunctive procedures performed.

Results

Nine subjects were identified who underwent slide tracheoplasty for correction of congenital absent tracheal or bronchial rings. Age at diagnosis ranged from 10 days to 5 years of age (median, 4 weeks). Age at surgery ranged from 3 weeks to 5 years of age (median, 5 weeks). Six out of 9 subjects were extubated on postoperative day 1. Only 1 subject required additional intervention, which included balloon dilation, tracheobronchial stenting, and aortopexy to alleviate the obstruction. Mean follow‐up time was 5.89 years.

Conclusions

This is the largest series of children with absent tracheal rings who underwent slide tracheoplasty with long‐term follow‐up presented to date. Slide tracheoplasty is an effective surgical intervention for the treatment of absent tracheal or bronchial rings in infants and young children.
In Vitro Toxicity to Two Cellular Systems of the First Ten Chemicals on the MEIC List
Authors: Ponsoda Xavier , Jover Ramiro , Castell José Vicente , Gómez-Lechón Mariá José
Published: August 2020

The cytotoxic effects of the first 10 chemicals on the MEIC list were evaluated with two experimental cellular systems, monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes and cell lines (Hep G2 and 3T3). Three endpoints were measured to evaluate cytotoxicity, intracellular LDH activity, cellular protein content and the MTT test. The results show that:

1. digoxin, amitriptyline and diazepam were the most cytotoxic chemicals (IC50:0.01-0.5mM);

2. alcoholic compounds (sopropanol, ethylene glycol, ethanol and methanol) produced the lowest toxic effects (IC50: 100–1500mM);

3. paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid and ferrous sulphate showed an intermediate cytotoxic action (C50: 0.05–15mM);

4. regarding the sensitivity of the cellular systems, paracetamol, acetylsalicylic acid, diazepam and ferrous sulphate were more toxic to rat hepatocytes, while digoxin produced a different toxic effect on hepatic and non-hepatic cells; and

5. the other chemicals did not show significant differences in their toxicity in the different cellular systems studied.
Seasonal variation in notified tuberculosis cases from 2014 to 2018 in eastern China
Authors: Li Yishu , Zhu Limei , Lu Wei , Chen Cheng , Yang Haitao
Published: August 2020

Objective

Tuberculosis (TB) incidence shows a seasonal trend. The purpose of this study was to explore seasonal trends in TB cases in Jiangsu Province.

Methods

TB case data were collected from the TB registration system from 2014 to 2018. The X12-ARIMA model was used to adjust the Jiangsu TB time series. Analysis of variance was used to compare TB seasonal amplitude (SA) between subgroups and identify factors responsible for seasonal variation.

Results

The TB incidence in Jiangsu showed a seasonal trend. Confirmed active TB peaked in March and reached a minimum in February. The amplitude of the peak-to-bottom difference was 38.15%. The SAs in individuals 7 to 17 years old (80.00%) and students (71.80%) were significantly different than those in other subgroups. Among bacterial culture positive individuals, the SAs among female patients, individuals aged 7 to 17 years and students were significantly different from those in the reference group. Among culture-negative patients, the SA among individuals aged 7 to 17 years was significantly different those in other subgroups.

Conclusions

The TB incidence in Jiangsu Province displayed a seasonal trend. Factors related to seasonal variation were age and occupation. Our results highlight the importance of controlling Mycobacterium tuberculosis transmission during winter.
What is your thought process during sight-reading? Advanced sight-readers’ strategies across different tonal environments
Authors: Kim You Jin , Song Moo Kyoung , Atkins Rebecca
Published: August 2020

Sight-reading strategies used for reading music in different tonal environments are critical for musicians to perform accurately. We investigated the strategies advanced sight-readers utilize when they encounter different tonal environments. After a brief study period, six advanced sight-readers performed a through-composed piece that included tonal, non-tonal, and ambiguously tonal music. Immediately following the performance, participants went back through the music and described their thought process and strategies. Participants reported different strategies from one another to play accurately, but there were also common strategies used for different tonal environments. We found verbal reports of critical and relevant strategies of advanced sight-readers were categorized as attention, static analysis, informed intuition, and performer’s analysis. The sight-readers executed their performance interacting with static analysis, informed intuition, and performer’ s analysis. Most importantly, participants relied heavily on performer’s analysis for the expressive performance in the tonal section, followed by the non-tonal and ambiguously tonal sections. Findings imply that advanced sight-readers’ strategies moved back and forth between attention, intuition, and analytical strategies based on the demands in each tonal environment.
“Guidebook on Doctors’ Behaviors for Death Diagnosis Created by Community Healthcare Providers” Changed Residents’ Mind for Death Diagnosis
Authors: Kusakabe Akihiko , Nozato Jyunko , Hirano Kazue , Saitou Naohiro , Ikenaga Keiko , Mikan Hukiko , Kessoku Takaomi , Matuura Tetuya , Yoshimi Asuka , Mawatari Hironori , Naito Akemi , Okita Masato , Ohta Mitsuyasu , Morita Tatsuya , Inamori Masahiko
Published: August 2020

Background: Education regarding death diagnosis is not often included in the medical education. Objective: To investigate the change minds at the time of death diagnosis among residents after lectures based on our guidebook. Design: Uncontrolled, open-label, multi-center trial. Subjects: A total of 131 doctors undergoing their initial training were enrolled this study. Measurements: Questionnaires were administered to volunteers before and after the lecture by the clinical training instructor presented information regarding doctors’ behaviors at the death diagnosis based on our guidebook at each hospital. Results: The subjects had an average age of 27.1 years and comprised 76 men (58.0%) and 54 women (41.2%). A total of 83 subjects (63.4%) had learned how to diagnose death as medical students, and 52 subjects (39.7%) had experienced death diagnosis scenes as medical students. Among those who had difficulties related to death diagnoses, the highest number (88.4%) indicated that “I do not know what to say to the family after a death diagnosis”. Self-evaluation significantly increased after the lecture for many items concerning explanations to and considerations of the family: the effect size for “Give words of comfort and encouragement to family” increased significantly after the lecture to 0.9. Conclusions: Few of the residents felt that they had received education regarding death diagnoses; they reported difficulties with diagnosing death and responding to patients’ families. After the lecture using our guidebook, residents’ mind changed significantly for death diagnosis, suggesting that the guidebook at the time of death diagnosis may be useful.
The Effect of Music and White Noise on Electroencephalographic (EEG) Functional Connectivity in Neonates in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Akiyama Akiyoshi , Tsai Jeng-Dau , W. Y. Tam Emily , Kamino Daphne , Hahn Cecil , Go Cristina Y. , Chau Vann , Whyte Hilary , Wilson Diane , McNair Carol , Papaioannou Vicky , Hugh Sarah C. , Papsin Blake C. , Nishijima Sakura , Yamazaki Toshimasa , Miller Steven P. , Ochi Ayako
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether listening to music and white noise affects functional connectivity on scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Nine neonates of ≥34 weeks’ gestational age, who were already undergoing clinical continuous EEG monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit, listened to lullaby-like music and white noise for 1 hour each separated by a 2-hour interval of no intervention. EEG segments during periods of music, white noise, and no intervention were band-pass filtered as delta (0.5-4 Hz), theta (4-8 Hz), lower alpha (8-10 Hz), upper alpha (10-13 Hz), beta (13-30 Hz), and gamma (30-45 Hz). Synchronization likelihood was used as a measure of connectivity between any 2 electrodes.

In theta, lower alpha, and upper alpha frequency bands, the synchronization likelihood values yielded statistical significance with sound (music, white noise and no intervention) and with edge (between any 2 electrodes) factors. In theta, lower alpha, and upper alpha frequency bands, statistical significance was obtained between music and white noise ( t = 3.12, 3.32, and 3.68, respectively; P < .017), and between white noise and no intervention ( t = 4.51, 3.09, and 2.95, respectively, P < .017). However, there was no difference between music and no intervention.

Although limited by a small sample size and the 1-time only auditory intervention, these preliminary results demonstrate the feasibility of EEG connectivity analyses even at bedside in neonates on continuous EEG monitoring in the neonatal intensive care unit. They also point to the possibility of detecting significant changes in functional connectivity related to the theta and alpha bands using auditory interventions.
Betrayal Trauma and Gender: An Examination of the Victim–Offender Overlap
Authors: Kushner Mackenzie
Published: August 2020

Empirical research has demonstrated widespread support for the association between violent victimization and offending, or the “victim–offender overlap.” This study adds to this body of research by applying the betrayal trauma framework to investigate whether the relationship between the victim and perpetrator impacts the presence of the victim–offender overlap and whether these effects differ across gender. Specifically, this study utilizes a series of binary logistic regressions to investigate (a) whether violent victimization is associated with violent offending, (b) whether this relationship varies by victim–perpetrator relationship (familial vs. nonfamilial vs. both), and (c) whether the impact of this relationship varies across gender. Data come from the third and most recent wave of the National Survey of Children’s Exposure to Violence (NatSCEV III; n = 1,949). Results indicate that violent victimization is associated with violent offending. When disaggregated by perpetrator-type, the results show that experiencing familial-only perpetrated violence and experiencing both familial and nonfamilial perpetrated violence are significantly associated with violent offending while experiencing nonfamilial-only perpetrated violence is not significantly associated with violent offending. Furthermore, the results indicate that the effects of the perpetrator–victim relationship vary across gender, such that the impacts of familial- and nonfamilial-only perpetrated violence were significantly weaker for males compared with females. The effects of experiencing violent victimization from both familial and nonfamilial perpetrators does not vary across genders. These findings lend support to a gender-specific betrayal trauma framework as well as research on the effects of cumulative victimization. Directions for future research and clinical implications are identified.
Priming Self-Affirmation Reduces the Negative Impact of High Rape Myth Acceptance: Assessing Women’s Perceptions and Judgments of Sexual Assault
Authors: Huppin Mark , Malamuth Neil M.
Published: August 2020

Researchers have theorized and empirically shown that compared with low rape myth acceptance (RMA) individuals, those high in RMA are more likely to discount rape prevention messages. These researchers have urged the development of approaches to counteract the defensiveness and related processes that are presumed to cause such discounting. In the present research we empirically tested the effectiveness of a self-affirmation approach designed to reduce defensiveness to and increase engagement with important but potentially self-threatening information about sexual assault. Female participants classified as low or high in RMA were randomly assigned to either a self-affirmation or no-affirmation control condition and then read about a controversial case of campus sexual assault. We found support for the effectiveness of such a self-affirmation intervention for high-RMA women. Specifically, on a questionnaire administered after the exposure, affirmed high-RMA women relative to the control group reported greater endorsement of the realistic use of the “yes means yes” standard of consent, higher self-standards in defining consensual sexual behavior, increases in perceived knowledge of available resources for sexual assault victims, lower support of rape myths, and greater support for punishing someone convicted of sexual assault. As expected, for women low in RMA there were no significant differences in reporting on these measures between the affirmation condition and the no-affirmation condition. From an agentic perspective these results are encouraging. This approach may merit further development as part of an intervention for reducing biased processing and increasing the effectiveness of consent campaigns and other sexual violence prevention programs.
The Birth of Leaders: Regional Chairmen of the Solidarity Movement
Authors: Wołk Grzegorz
Published: August 2020

The article analyzes the biographies of the regional leaders of the Solidarity union and examines the process by which activists were recruited into the social movement and subsequently rose through its ranks. Though there exists an abundant body of research on Solidarity, the recruitment process for the trade union’s middle management has never been analyzed. Such an examination of the regional leadership is important given the significant diversity that existed in the selection process. Activists were selected in regions where strikes occurred (Gdańsk and Wałęsa) and in ones where there were no strikes. This article attempts to identify these regional leaders and their role in Solidarity. It poses questions about the social movement’s center of power. Did the regional leadership represent a grassroots social movement, or were they merely carrying out orders from the center? The subject of this analysis is a group of thirty-nine chairmen comprising the regional leadership of Solidarity. The article employs classical historical analysis methods combined with elicited sources (interviews conducted with selected leaders). It presents a prosopographical analysis based on statistical, historical, and sociological data. The questions posed in the article involve such issues as the Solidarity recruitment process, the social backgrounds of the leaders, their individual personality traits and biographical features, and the goals and motivations that led them to join the movement. The analysis reveals the qualities shared by the majority of the regional leadership of Solidarity.
Motion control with robust string stability of mobile-rack vehicles in autonomous logistics
Authors: Hung Boc Minh , You Sam-Sang , Phuc Bui Duc Hong , Kim Hwan-Seong
Published: August 2020

In order to reduce costs for a larger warehouse or expand the floor space of a small warehouse, it is impossible to implement this with a traditional warehouse, which is characterized as poorly utilized space. For the efficient storage and retrieval, the smart warehouse system with autonomous mobile-rack vehicles can optimize the space utilization by providing only a few open aisles at a time for accessing the racks with minimal intervention. This paper deals with designing the vehicle robust controller for maintaining safe spacing with collision avoidance in the fully automated warehouse. The compact vehicle dynamics are presented for the interconnected string of vehicles. Next, the string stability with safe working space of the mobile-rack vehicles has been described for guaranteeing complete autonomous logistics in smart warehouse. In addition, the controller order has been significantly reduced to a low-order system without performance degradation for real implementation. This control method can guarantee control stability as well as performances of mobile-rack vehicles against unavoidable uncertainties, disturbances, and noises for warehouse automation in the extremely cold environment without rail rack. Finally, the autonomous mobile-rack vehicle system is to become the promising vision of future smart warehouse technology in autonomous logistics.
Structural health monitoring of an adhesively bonded CFRP aircraft fuselage by ultrasonic Lamb Waves
Authors: Weiland J , Hesser DF , Xiong W , Schiebahn A , Markert B , Reisgen U
Published: August 2020

The aviation industry faces the challenge of offering aircraft that are lighter, more economical, and safer. One of the solutions is to increase the use of composites. For these materials, adhesive bonding has proven to be the appropriate joining technology. To check these adhesive joints, costly and time-consuming maintenance measures are carried out. An intelligent Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) system can extend these intervals and allow the use of a predictive maintenance system. This paper describes the method of Ultrasonic Lamb Waves for monitoring a adhesively bonded Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) aircraft fuselage. Prior to this, the production of a segment of a fuselage and the characterization of the materials (CFRP and adhesive) is shown. Afterwards the method of Ultrasonic Lamb Waves with the use of piezoelectric transducers and signal processing based on the Reconstruction Algorithm for Probabilistic Inspection of Damage (RAPID) algorithm are explained. At the end, the experimental evaluation of an undamaged and a damaged fuselage structure is done. The results have shown the possibility of RAPID algorithm for damage detection on adhesive. An outlook on future work is given.
Delay of Gratification as Reputation Management
Authors: Ma Fengling , Zeng Dan , Xu Fen , Compton Brian J. , Heyman Gail D.
Published: August 2020

Although delay-of-gratification tasks have long been used as measures of self-control, recent evidence suggests that performance on these tasks is also driven by rational decision processes. The present research examined whether the effects of rational decision processes extend beyond costs and benefits embedded in the task itself to include anticipated consequences for the child’s reputation. Across two studies, 3- and 4-year-olds from China ( N = 273) were assigned to a standard delay-of-gratification condition or to a reputation condition in which they were told that their teacher or a peer would find out how long they had waited. Children waited longer in the reputation conditions and longer in the teacher condition than in the peer condition. This is the first evidence that children’s performance on a delay-of-gratification task is sensitive to reputational concerns and to the identity of potential evaluators of their behavior.
Enhanced thermostability of polylactic acid by N-(4-carboxyphenyl) maleimide–alt–styrene
Authors: Jiang Siyuan , Liu Yufei , Yan Wei , He Min , Qin Shuhao , Yu Jie
Published: August 2020

The heat-resistant agent N-(4-carboxyphenyl) maleimide–alt–styrene (PCS) was used to modify polylactic acid (PLA) in order to improve the thermostability of PLA. The heat deflection temperature (HDT), thermodegradation, crystallization behavior and thermomechanical property were analyzed. The HDT of PLA added with PCS increased by about 10°C, and after heat treatment, the improvement of HDT was more significant. The thermal degradation behavior of PLA before and after modification hardly changed. The crystallinity ( Xc), crystallization rate ( 1/t1/2) and crystallization temperature ( Tc) of the composite material were significantly improved, but the crystalline structure did not change. The crystallinity of the composite material was twice that of pure PLA, the crystallization rate increased by about 30% and the crystallization temperature went up more than 10°C. The storage modulus ( E’) of PLA was improved by PCS due to enhancing its crystallinity. The thermostability of PLA was significant improved after PCS is added.
E-cigarettes and vaping – a panacea or a bane to smoking in current times?
Authors: Kanniah Guna , Kumar Shailesh , Prasad Soumil
Published: August 2020

Objective:

Use of electronic cigarettes has increased across the world in the last decade with heavy investment from the tobacco industry targeting younger population through well-designed marketing campaigns portraying e-cigarettes as harmless, less addictive and effective in smoking cessation while delivering higher nicotine concentration. The safety profile of e-cigarettes is reviewed in this paper.

Conclusions:

The safety of e-cigarettes and the chemicals they contain have not been evaluated rigorously. Emerging data suggest e-cigarette use could do severe harm. People with serious mental illness, already the highest nicotine consumers, could be exploited by the tobacco industry.
Quantifying the equilibrium swelling responses and swelling-induced snap-through of heterogeneous spherical hydrogels
Authors: Wang Huiming , Yang Jianpeng
Published: August 2020

We employ the finite deformation theory to analyze the inhomogeneous large deformation of a heterogeneous spherical hydrogel subjected to chemo-mechanical loadings. The heterogeneous spherical hydrogel is composed of two concentric spherical hydrogel layers with different material properties. The Gent model is employed for the free energy function of the polymer stretching part in order to tackle the effect of the limiting chain extensibility. The heterogeneous spherical hydrogel is assumed to be perfectly bonded at the interface and is traction free at the external surface. At the internal surface, two boundary conditions are considered: one is internally fixed and the other is internally pressurized. Numerical examples are performed to describe the nonlinear behaviors of a heterogeneous spherical hydrogel when subjected to the swelling and mechanical loadings. For internally fixed case, numerical results show that the limiting chain extensibility and the initial swelling ratio have significant effect on the actuation deformation of a heterogeneous spherical hydrogel. For internally pressurized case, we find that the swelling-induced snap-through instability can be triggered under specified conditions. It is shown that the chemo-mechanical behaviors of the heterogeneous spherical hydrogels can be adjusted by tuning the material properties and the initial swelling ratios.
Cardiac Arrest in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Authors: Al-Mukhtar Omar , Bilgrami Irma , Noaman Samer , Lapsley Rebecca , Ozcan John , Marane Candida , Groen Fiona , Cox Nicholas , Chan William
Published: August 2020

With rising complexity of percutaneous coronary interventions being performed, the incidence of cardiac arrest in the cardiac catheterization laboratory (CCL) is likely to increase. The authors undertook a series of multidisciplinary simulation sessions to identify practice deficiencies and propose solutions to improve patient care. Five simulation sessions were held at Western Health CCL to simulate different cardiac arrest scenarios. Participants included cardiologists, intensivists, anesthetists, nurses, and technicians. Post-simulation feedback was analyzed qualitatively. Challenges encountered were grouped into 4 areas: (1) communication and teamwork, (2) equipment, (3) vascular access and drugs, and (4) physical environment and radiation exposure. Proposed solutions included regular simulation training; increasing familiarity with the physical environment, utilization of specialized equipment; and formation of 2 team leaders to improve efficiency. Cardiac arrest in the CCL is a unique clinical event that necessitates specific training to improve technical and nontechnical skills with potential to improve clinical outcomes.
Using Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports to Reduce School Suspensions
Authors: Gage Nicholas A. , Beahm Lydia , Kaplan Rachel , MacSuga-Gage Ashley S. , Lee Ahhyun
Published: August 2020

The Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) framework is currently implemented in more than 25,000 schools across the globe. Its implementation has demonstrated positive impacts on a number of behavioral and academic outcomes. A growing evidence base has found that PBIS has been particularly effective at reducing both in- and out-of-school suspensions. This article describes concerns with the use of suspensions, defines PBIS, and outlines how schools can implement and use PBIS to reduce suspensions.
Displacement mitigation–oriented design and mechanism for inerter-based isolation system
Authors: Zhao Zhipeng , Zhang Ruifu , Wierschem Nicholas E , Jiang Yiyao , Pan Chao
Published: August 2020

The inerter-based isolation system, which comprises an inerter, a dashpot, and a spring, has been shown to be effective for improving the dynamic performance of isolated structures. However, the underlying theoretical basis of its vibration control mechanism has not been studied for superstructures with inerter-based isolation system; in particular, the functionality of the inerter has not been explicitly demonstrated. In this study, the displacement mitigation mechanism is established by deriving a fundamental equation, designated as the displacement demand equation. The mechanism is explained by clarifying the functionality of the inerter-based isolation system to determine the theoretical relationship between the displacements of the superstructure and isolation layer. A nominal displacement demand ratio is defined to evaluate the overall displacement demand of the structure–inerter-based isolation system, by considering the contribution of the inerter-based isolation system. Following the displacement mitigation mechanism, design strategies are developed for inerter-based isolation system, where the isolation frequency ratio can be directly determined once the target displacement performance of the entire structure–inerter-based isolation system is prespecified. In addition, the inertance-mass ratio and damping ratio of the inerter-based isolation system can be obtained according to the target demand of the superstructure displacement. Finally, a series of examples are used to verify the derived displacement demand equation and proposed design strategy. In this study, the displacement mitigation mechanism yields an effective design method that is suitable for the inerter-based isolation system and has a clear physical basis. Through the proposed displacement mitigation–oriented optimal strategy, a target displacement demand for a structure can be satisfied directly, which also provides an optimized displacement performance for the isolation layer. The displacement mitigation mechanism and equation are practical for the simplification of the design procedure and help to reveal the advantageous features of the inerter-based isolation system.
Millennials’ Adoption of Radio Station Apps: The Roles of Functionality, Technology, Media, and Brand Factors
Authors: Chan-Olmsted Sylvia , Wang Rang , Hwang Kyung-Ho
Published: August 2020

To adapt to Millennials’ mobile-centric lifestyle, the U.S. radio broadcasters are integrating mobile apps into their services. Through a national survey, this study explores Millennial radio users’ functionality preferences regarding station-specific apps from radio stations, and factors affecting their adoption intentions and actual adoption behaviors of such apps. The potential contribution of these apps to brand loyalty is also examined. Three types of factors are investigated: technology, brand, and media factors. The results suggest that all of them affect adoption and loyalty building. As such, this study contributes to the literature of technology acceptance, mobile marketing, and media management.
Is the Swedish transition regime still universalistic? A study on growing socio-geographical differences in youth establishment patterns
Authors: Olofsson Jonas , Kvist Martin
Published: August 2020

In welfare-policy studies, conditions are often depicted at a national level. This is the case not least in studies of young people’s paths and detours to working life. Studies at a high aggregation level have their advantages when it comes to distinguishing differences in living conditions between countries at similar economic development levels and examining the degree to which these differences can be related to institutional inequalities, differences in so-called welfare-policy regimes. But there is also a risk that studies of national regimes obscure the differences in socio-geographical conditions that exist in all countries. In this article we show how the socio-geographical conditions, to a great degree, affect young people’s ability to find work on the Swedish labor market with good development and support possibilities. A starting point is that the image of the Swedish transition regime as universalistic, as is often depicted in comparative research on young people’s transitions, obscures significant differences in young people’s transition and establishment patterns that are related to geographical residence. The Swedish universalistic regime encompasses a large and, over time, growing socio-geographically related spread of establishment opportunities for youths and young adults. We illustrate the circumstances by presenting comparable data in the form of an establishment index on the conditions for youths and young adults in Sweden’s 290 municipalities.
Bouncing back from Workplace Stress: From HRD’s Individual Employee’s Developmental Focus to Multi-facetted Collective Workforce Resilience Intervention
Authors: Mendy John
Published: August 2020

The Problem

Human resource development (HRD) research has sought to demarcate a human developmental problem by identifying learning interventions through which individuals can contribute towards group and organizational growth. However, there remains the fundamental problem, which is how to go beyond individualized employee development to a more collective resilience model building against workplace stress. Such lesser effectiveness has led to financial, emotional and psycho-social costs to individuals and collectives. Based on the theoretical analysis of human capital theory, HRD research and literature are lacking in how to more effectively operationalize collective resilience against workplace stress.

The Solution

A multi-faceted collective workforce resilience intervention conceptual model is proposed to enable both management and employees to overcome ineffective implementation of human development and thereby bounce back from workforce stress. Four aspects of the model’s practical operationalization are proposed as steps to help the HRD community of practitioners and scholars to engrain resilience as a workplace culture in resolving stress. Implications on (1) the identification of workplace stress, (2) the effective design and operationalization of development capacities. (3) the resilience intervention initiatives, and (4) the management of collective workforce resilience are highlighted.

The Stakeholders

The proposed model is designed for the HRD community, including scholars, practitioners, employees and managers in related HRD contexts.
Tiny or Tall, Mighty or Small—Music for All! Developing an Interactive Online Storybook to Promote Body Positivity in Children
Authors: Itzoe MariaLisa S. M. , Frasso Rosemary
Published: August 2020

Body dissatisfaction and dietary restraint have been demonstrated in children as young as 5 years. Internalization of a thin-ideal is theorized to occur before the onset of body dissatisfaction and both have the potential to influence self-worth and impact multiple aspects of life. Across childhood, body dissatisfaction tends to increase while there is a parallel decline in positive self-concepts. Social comparisons also become more critical after the age of 7 years. Research suggests that early childhood (aged 3–8 years) may be the ideal time to expose children to content that counters unhealthy, unrealistic media ideals about body shape and size. This Practice Note describes the process of creating an evidence-based online storybook, Tiny or Tall, Mighty or Small—Music for All!, written to promote positive body image in children. Multiple steps were taken to complete this project, which required collaboration among experts across fields of public health, children’s literature, and music. The storybook can be downloaded as a PDF file for free, online, and integrates sound clips for each instrument to more fully engage readers. We hope that this electronic platform overcomes potential logistical and financial barriers of accessing a print copy and therefore allows the message of body positivity to reach a wider audience.
How Much GAD65 Do You Have? High Levels of GAD65 Antibodies in Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: Gaspard Nicolas
Published: August 2020

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To Wean or Not to Wean: Machine Learning to the Rescue
Authors: Husain Aatif M.
Published: August 2020

[Box: see text]
Erectile Dysfunction in Peripheral Vascular Disease: Endovascular Revascularization as a Potential Therapeutic Target
Authors: Benaragama Kapila S. , Singh Aminder A. , Taj Tahani , Hague Julian , Boyle Jonathan R. , Richards Toby
Published: August 2020

Introduction:

Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects more than 150 million men worldwide, with deleterious effects on quality of life. ED is known to be associated with ischemic heart disease but the impact of ED in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is unknown. We assessed the prevalence and severity of ED in patients with PVD.

Methods:

Following ethical approval, sequential male patients diagnosed with PAD over a 1-year period following diagnosis of intermittent claudication. The patient demographics and comorbidities were recorded, with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire used to grade severity of ED. Computed tomographic angiography and severity of stenosis in the proximal vessels and internal pudendal arteries were correlated using a modified Bollinger Matrix scoring system.

Results:

60 patients were recruited, most (77.2%) reported erectile dysfunction (52.5% severe, 22.5% moderate). Patients with severe ED were more likely to have 2 or more comorbidities (P = .009). 86.7% with severe ED had bilateral internal pudendal artery stenosis with a mean modified Bollinger score of 17.6. 35.5% of moderate ED patients had bilateral internal pudendal stenosis with a mean Bollinger score of 11.75. There was significant difference in overall scores between moderate and severe erectile dysfunction (p< 0.05), thus indicating a potential link between ED severity and extent of vessel stenosis.

Conclusion:

There is a substantial burden of clinically significant ED among patients with PAD. This study suggests ED should be discussed with all PAD patients and ED may precede a PAD diagnosis. There is scope for endovascular revascularization as a treatment option for ED secondary to arterial insufficiency.
Lifestyle Medicine During (and After) the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Smirmaul Bruno P. C. , Chamon Regina Fumanti , de Moraes Fabiano Moulin , Rozin Gabriel , Moreira Annie Seixas Bello , de Almeida Roberto , Guimarães Sley Tanigawa
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has made it challenging for individuals and families to maintain a healthy lifestyle, quality of life, and well-being. Preliminary evidence have suggested that higher odds of both mortality and severity of the COVID-19 are closely associated to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. Thus, in an effort to contribute to this challenging global situation, we joined a group of lifestyle medicine researchers and/or practitioners to provide scientifically sound information, recommendations, resources, and suggestions related to the main pillars of lifestyle medicine (healthy eating, physical activity, sleep, tobacco/alcohol, stress management, relationships, and planetary health) that may help health practitioners to support clients and patients maintain a healthy lifestyle during (and after) the COVID-19 crisis.
Free convection from a corrugated heated cylinder with nanofluids in a porous enclosure
Authors: Alhashash Abeer
Published: August 2020

Natural convection between a cold square porous enclosure and a hot corrugated cylinder is studied numerically in the current article. The enclosure is filled with a water-base nanofluids suspending metal nanoparticles and the porous layer is modelled applying the Brinkman-Forchheimer law. The finite element method has been utilised to solve the governing equations. Analysis in this studies are: the amplitude of corrugated surface, the number of corrugated surface and the concentration are considered. It is found that the heat transfer of the corrugated cylinder might be slightly better than the heat transfer of the smooth cylinder under specific circumstances, but in general, the heat transfer is reduced by applying the corrugated surface. The heat transfer enhances up to [Formula: see text] by increasing nanoparticle concentration. The heat transfer rate does not increase linearly by increasing the concentration, but it is proportional to the square root of the concentration.
Evangelical indigenous radio stations in Colombia: Between the promotion of social change and religious indoctrination
Authors: Cortés Diego Mauricio
Published: August 2020

This article refutes dominant views that define evangelical indigenous media as intrinsic tools for religious indoctrination. The case of the Colombian Misak community shows that evangelical radio stations can contribute to community building. However, the degree of the positive or negative contribution of evangelical media depends on the dominance of evangelical presence at indigenous localities. The rapid expansion of indigenized evangelical groups via the provision of social services has radicalized Evangelicals against views different from their own. As a result, these evangelical media are progressively leaving their role as promoters of positive social change to become tools for religious indoctrination.
Free Speech on Campus: A New Forum-Based Approach
Authors: Schweber Howard , Segall Eric
Published: August 2020

Students and faculty at public colleges and universities frequently find themselves in conflict with administrators over questions of free speech. Unfortunately, the courts have provided precious little guidance. Lower courts are struggling with a diverse set of issues: the appropriate rules for student protests; which campus spaces constitute open forums for speech and which can be closed off or regulated; how much control administrators can wield over student-invited speakers; and whether or when student online speech can be punished, among many other problems. The Supreme Court has provided virtually no helpful guidance to lower court judges or public college administrators as to how or when the First Amendment limits their discretion. This article provides a helpful forum-based approach to the analysis of many of these questions and proposes specific solutions in the hope of bringing more predictability and stability to this confusing area of constitutional law.
An examination of in-season external training load in semi-professional soccer players: considerations of one and two match weekly microcycles
Authors: Swallow William E , Skidmore Neil , Page Richard M , Malone James J
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present study was to firstly, quantify the external training load (TL) of semi-professional soccer players during an annual season and secondly, to examine the influence of one (1MW) and two (2MW) match weekly microcycles. Data were collected from 24 semi-professional outfield soccer players during the 2018-2019 annual season using micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) devices for the following variables: Training duration (min), total distance (TD), Player Load (PL), high speed running (HSR) distance (5.5-7.0 m/s), and acceleration (ACC) efforts (>2 m/s2). Training sessions were defined as days before match day (i.e. MD minus), with match weeks broken down as either 1MW or 2MW. Data revealed higher TD, PL, and HSR distance on MD and MD-5 when compared to all other MD codes. MD-4 displayed significantly higher values compared to MD-1 (mean differences (M diff): TD: 785 ± 158 m; PL: 29 ± 9 au; HSR: 192 ± 63 m; ACC: 15 ± 3 #) and MD-2 (M diff: TD: 279 ± 137 m; HSR: 127 ± 54 m). During 2MW scenarios, both TD (M diff: 685 ± 328 m) and PL (M diff: 33 ± 14 au) were higher on MD-1 when compared to 1MW. However, lower values were observed for duration and HSR on MD-2 and MD-4 during 2MW compared to 1MW scenarios.These data suggest that there appears to be a progressive reduction in TD, PL, HSR and ACC leading into competitive matches based on MD- analysis. However, some variability exists in TL prescription as a result of different MW scenarios (i.e. 1MW vs. 2MW).
Conceptualising peace and its preconditions: The anti-Pelagian imagination and the critical turn in peace theory
Authors: Dingli Sophia
Published: August 2020

This article examines the conceptualisations of peace and its preconditions manifested in the critical turn in peace theory: bottom-up approaches which begin with particular contexts and postulate diverse local actors as integral to the process of peace-building. This article argues that the turn is at an impasse and is unable to address the crucial charge that its conceptualisation of peace is inconsistent. To explain the persistence of inconsistency and to move us forward, the article analyses, evaluates and responds to the turn through the lens of Nicholas Rengger’s work on the anti-Pelagian imagination in political theory. This is defined as a tendency to begin theorising from non-utopian, anti-perfectionist and sceptical assumptions. Through this examination the article argues that the critical turn is anti-Pelagian but not consistently so because it often gives way to perfectionism, adopts naïve readings of institutions and postulates demanding conceptions of political agency and practice. This inconsistency with its own philosophical premises makes the turn’s conceptualisation of peace and its preconditions incoherent. Finally, the article sketches an alternative account of peace which draws upon a number of anti-Pelagian scholars and mobilises Rengger’s particular defense of anti-Pelagianism. The suggested alternative, the article argues, provides us with a more coherent theory of peace and a way out of existing dead ends.
Successful Initiation of Hybrid Closed-Loop System Using Virtual Pump Training Program in a Teenager With Type 1 Diabetes Previously Treated with Multiple Daily Injections
Authors: Petrovski Goran , Campbell Judith , Almajali Douha , Al Khalaf Fawziya , Hussain Khalid
Published: August 2020

Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 restrictions in providing diabetes services, we have developed an innovative pump training program, which consisted of technical session, pump training, one in-person practical session, and four consecutive online sessions (Skype Meet Now).

A 13-year-old female patient with a 4-year history of type 1 diabetes (T1D) on multiple daily injections (MDI) with glycated hemoglobin 8.9%; 74 mmol/mol) initiated Minimed 670G system using the program. Time in range (70-180 mg/dL) of 39% and sensor glucose (SG) of 214±91 mg/dL (MDI with continuous glucose monitoring) increased to 69% in the first 2 weeks and reached 86% and SG of 140±40 mg/dL in the first month of auto mode initiation, without severe hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Virtual pump training program can be an effective tool to initiate a hybrid closed-loop system and to improve glycemic control in people with T1D on MDI.
The Impact of Concomitant Ipsilateral Knee Pain on Functional Outcomes in Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Symes Michael J. , Younger Alastair , Escudero Mario , Penner Murray J. , Wing Kevin , Mulligan Christopher S. , Sutherland Jason M. , Salat Peter , Veljkovic Andrea
Published: August 2020

In end-stage ankle arthritis, little is known about the impact of concomitant knee pathology, including the impact of ipsilateral knee pain on total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ipsilateral preoperative knee pain in patients undergoing TAA and analyze its impact on patient-reported functional outcome measures (PROMs). A retrospective review was performed on the Vancouver End Stage Ankle Arthritis Database at a single institution. In total, 114 patients were studied, with patient demographics collected preoperatively, including the presence or absence of knee pain. Postoperative follow-up was performed at 5 years, primarily analyzing disease-specific PROMs, including the Ankle Osteoarthritis Score (AOS) and Ankle Arthritis Score (AAS). Multivariate mixed-effects linear regression models compared the scores between the groups. In total, 31 patients (27.2%) presented with concomitant ipsilateral knee pain. Despite more females in the knee pain group (64.5% vs 36.1%) there were no other significant differences at baseline between the knee pain and no knee pain groups in terms of demographics or baseline primary disease specific PROMs. At 5 years, the patients with knee pain had significantly worse AAS (37.9 ± 23.8 vs 21.2 ± 16.3, P = .004) and AOS total scores (38.1 ± 24.1 vs 21.9 ± 15.5, P = .005) compared with the no-knee pain group. Both groups improved significantly from baseline across all outcome measures; however, the magnitude of improvement was less in the knee pain group. Our study demonstrated that over one-quarter of patients with end-stage ankle arthritis undergoing TAA present with ipsilateral concomitant knee pain. If present, it is associated with worse functional outcomes at the 5-year mark. Further studies are needed to evaluate if knee pain influences complications, implant failure rates, and survival.

Levels of Evidence: Level III
Effects of social media and design thinking on corporate identity design course in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Guan-Chen , Ko Chih-Hsiang
Published: August 2020

The present study aimed at exploring the effects of integrating social media (instant messaging through Line App and Facebook) and design thinking into a vocational education course on corporate identity design in Taiwan. Corporate identity helps organizations achieve competitive advantage. This benefit is even more pronounced in Taiwan, where visual communication is esteemed. The present study recruited two groups of 11th graders (N = 60) from a vocational high school in the northern part of Taiwan as its participants. One group was designated as the experimental group and the other as the control group. The experimental group received creative instruction through the use of Facebook and Line App with design thinking integrated into the pedagogy, whereas the control group did not. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to obtain feedback on the teaching and learning process. The results of the analyses indicated that students who were allocated to the experimental group demonstrated better quality design products than their counterparts in the control group.