bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS RISIKO KEGAGALAN BUDIDAYA JAMUR TIRAM PADA BINTAN CENDAWAN
Authors: Septi Haryani Dwi
Published: February 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi risiko kegagalan budidaya jamur tiram, dampak yang di timbulkan serta tindakan yang perlu dilakukan sebagai antisipasi dan pencegahan atas risiko-risiko pada usaha budidaya jamur tiram di Bintan Cendawan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Lokasi penelitiannya adalah di Jalan Hang Jebat Kp. Pisang RT.002/ RW.007 No.60, Kijang Kota Kecamatan Bintan Timur,Kabupaten Bintan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa faktor yang dapat menyebabkan timbulnya kegagalan pada proses budidaya jamur tiram, faktor tersebut terdiri dari beberapa level sehingga dampak yang ditimbulkan juga memiliki skala atau tingkatan dari yang bisa sering terjadi sampai yang tidak pernah terjadi dan juga berdampak tinggi ataupun rendah. Jadi untuk mengantisipasi atau menghindari risiko-risko yang dapat timbul harus melakukan halhal tertentu terhadap kontrol produksi sebagai risiko kegagalan produk dapat di minimalisir.
ANALISIS DAMPAK PERUBAHAN PERILAKU SOSIAL EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DESA MAPIN REA PASCA BENCANA GEMPA BUMI
Authors: Fahlia Fahlia , Irawan Edi , Tasmin Ramadhan
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) perubahan perilaku sosial masyarakat Desa Mapin Rea sebelum dan sesudah gempa bumi, (2) perubahan ekonomi masyarakat Desa Mapin Rea sebelum dan sesudah pasca gempa bumi. Penelitian ini adalah Mixed Method. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Simple Random Samplingyang berjumlah 83. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah statistik Paired T-test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, (1) ada perubahan perilaku sosial masyarakat Desa mapin Rea sebelum dan sesudah gempa bumi. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai value yang kurang dari 0.05. Selain itu hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan (1) Perubahan ekonomi Desa Mapin Rea sebelum dan sesudah gempa bumi. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai value yang kurang dari 0.05. (2) adanya perubahan ekonomi Desa Mapin Rea sebelum dan sesudah gempa bumi. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai value yang kurang dari 0.005.

Kata kunci: Dampak Perubahan Perilaku Sosial Ekonomi, pasca gempa bumi.
PENGARUH PENDIDIKAN DAN UPAH TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGANGGURAN DI KABUPATEN SUMBAWA TAHUN 2006-2017
Authors: Nurhasanah Dwi , Fahlia Fahlia , Ilman Abdul Hadi
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui (1) pengaruh pendidikan terhadap tingkat pengangguran di Kabupaten sumbawa, (2) pengaruh upah terhadap tingkat pengangguran di Kabupaten sumbawa, (3) pengaruh pendidikan dan upah terhadap tingkat pengangguran di Kabupaten Sumbawa. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif karena data yang didapat berhubungan dengan angka dan menggunakan data time series berupa data tahunan dari tahun 2006-2017. Dalam penelitian ini alat anlisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis regresi berganda dengan menggunakan alat pengolahan data program STATA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, (1) tidak teedapat pengaruh signifikan pendidikan terhadap tingkat pengangguran di Kabupaten sumbawa, (2) terdapat pengaruh signifikan upah terhadap tingkat pengangguran di Kabupaten Sumbawa, (3) pendidikan dan upah secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pengangguran di Kabupaten Sumbawa. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai alpha 5% atau sebesar 0.05.

Kata kunci: pendidikan, upah, tingkat pengangguran.

Pendahuluan

Negara dibentuk untuk mencapai tujuannya yaitu menyejahterakan setiap warganya untuk mencapai misi dan tujuan bernegara ini, pemilik negara (seluruh rakyat) memilih dan menunjuk penyelenggara negara, yang terdiri dari eksekutif (pemerintah), legislatif (parlemen) dan yudikatif (penyelenggara kekuasaan kehakiman). Dari ketiga kelompok penyelenggara tersebut, pemerintah adalah penyelenggara negara yang langsung berhubungan dengan kegiatan masyarakat sehari-hari.

Pemerintah di negara manapun mempunyai peranan penting dan strategis dalam penyelenggaraan kehidupan bernegara. Penyelenggaraan kehidupan bernegara bertujuan untuk mencapai tujuan bernegara, yakni untuk melindungi dan meningkatkan kualitas kehidupan dan kesejahteraan semua warganya. (Henry Faizal Noor, 2015) Indonesia merupakan negara berkembang dimana terdapat berbagai permasalahan yang sulit diatasi terutama masalah sosial ekonomi. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut di antara permasalahan yang timbul ke permukaan berkaitan dengan pesatnya pertumbuhan penduduk, yaitu ketidakseimbangan antara pertumbuhan lapangan pekerjaan dengan semakin bertambahnya tenaga kerja setiap tahunnya. Hal itu akan menimbulkan kelebihan penawaran tenaga kerja dari pada permintaannya, sehingga memunculkan fenomena pengangguran. Di satu sisi, pengangguran
JUMLAH TANAMAN PER LUBANG TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN PAKCOY (Brassica oleraceae) PADA PENANAMAN SISTEM HIDROPONIK NFT
Authors: Jamaludin Jamaludin , Maryati Maryati , Ranchiano Muhamad Gary
Published: February 2020

This research aimed to find out the effect of the number of plants per hole on the growth and yield of hydroponic pakcoy plants. The study was carried out in the STIPER Dharma Wacana Metro greenhouse from May to June 2018. The treatments tested were one plant, two plants, three plants, and four plants per hole. The hydroponic system used is the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) system. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, widest leaves, stem diameter, total plant weight, and root weight. The results showed that the treatment of one plant per hole produced better growth than other treatments with plant height of 23.65 cm, number of leaves 12.1 strands, crop diameter 5.59 cm, and longest root 38.25 cm.
Acute Cholecystitis and the Controversies of Treatment
Authors: Prince Jessica , Hancu Daniel
Published: February 2020

Key Learning Points:

1. Acute cholecystitis is often a complication of gallstones disease

2. Most of patients with symptomatic gallstones disease are prone to further complications and cholecystectomy is indicated

3. Laparoscopic early cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis is superior to delayed cholecystectomy in terms of symptom control, hospital stay and re-admissions, with similar morbidity and mortality and should be attempted in all cases of acute cholecystitis. Difficult cases should be managed by experienced surgeons, in advanced centers, and bail-out procedures should be attempted as per Tokyo guidelines.

4. Percutaneous cholecystostomy should only be used in patients unfit for surgery who fail to improve

5. The data available to support optimal antibiotical treatment is scarce, and local microbiology guidelines should be used.
What Happens When You Administer Mesenchymal Stromal Cells During Normalthermic Machine Perfusion of Porcine Kidneys: Possible and Helpful, or not?
Authors: Rozenberg Kaithlyn , Et al.
Published: February 2020

K Rozenberg 1, L Knijff 1, J M Sierra Parraga 2, L Lo Faro 1, M J Hoogduijn 2, C 2, J Hunter 1, R Ploeg 1

Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

BackgroundDonation after circulatory death kidneys are widely used to increase the donor pool, despite their inferior quality. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) could provide a platform to assess organ viability prior to transplantation and offers the unique opportunity for active interventions to an isolated organ. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) have been shown to possess potent anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties ameliorating ischaemia reperfusion injury. However, the most common delivery route of MSC is intravenous infusion, which is associated with off-target distribution. We aimed to determine the dose of MSC needed to allow successful homing in donor kidneys during NMP without adversely affecting renal perfusion dynamics.

MethodsPorcine slaughterhouse kidneys with 20 min warm ischaemia were retrieved and underwent 3h hypothermic machine perfusion followed by NMP for 7h. An oxygenated, autologous blood-based solution containing albumin, electrolytes and nutrients was used as perfusate. Following 1h of NMP, either a vehicle, 2 x 106, 10 x 106 or 50 x 106 labelled (Qdots) porcine adipose derived MSC (n=3 per group) were injected into the cannulated renal artery. Physiological recordings were taken regularly. Perfusate, urine and biopsies were obtained for biomarker analysis and to locate MSC.

ResultsNo difference was found in average renal blood flow (p=0.668), renal resistance (p=0.828) and urine production (p=0.307) between all MSC groups compared to control. Damage markers LDH and AST increased during NMP and remained similar between groups (p=0.816 and p=0.312). Confocal microscopy demonstrated mainly glomerular localization of MSC (Figure 1), but they were also observed in the capillary network around the tubules. Additionally, a significant percentage of localised MSC was observed in the glomeruli in the 10 and 50 million MSC groups compared to 2 million MSC (p=0.002 and p<0.0001). No differences were observed between the 2 and 10 million MSCs group (p>0.05). There is a significant increase in secreted inflammatory mediator PGE2 with time in all groups (P<0.05).

DiscussionAdministration of different doses of MSC to the donor kidneys during NMP is safe and feasible. MSC successfully homed in the glomeruli. This model provides us with the opportunity of getting a better insight in the interaction between MSC and injured donor kidney: how do MSC or their released secretome affect tissue integrity and renal function.
A COMPUTATION METHOD ON TIME-DEPENDENT ACCESSIBILITY OF URBAN RAIL TRANSIT NETWORKS FOR THE LAST SERVICE
Authors: Chen Yao , Mao Baohua , Bai Yun , Li Zhujun , Tang Jimeng
Published: February 2020

Urban rail transit networks seldom provide 24-hour service. The last train is the latest chance for passengers. If passengers arrive too late to catch the last train, the path becomes inaccessible. The network accessibility thus varies depending on the departure time of passenger trips. This paper focuses on the computation method on the time-dependent accessibility of urban rail transit networks in order to facilitate the itinerary planning of passengers. A label setting algorithm is first designed to calculate the latest possible times for Origin–Destination (O–D) pairs, which is the latest departure times of passengers from the origins such that the destinations can be reach successfully. A searching approach is then developed to find the shortest accessible path at any possible departure times. The method is applied in a real-world metro network. The results show that the method is a powerful tool in solving the service accessibility problem. It has the ability to allow passengers to plan an optimal itinerary. Comparison analysis indicates that the proposed method can provide exact solutions in much shorter time, compared with a path enumeration method. Extensive tests on a set of random networks indicate that the method is efficient enough in practical applications. The execution time for an O–D pair on a personal computer with 2.8 GHZ CPU and 4GB of RAM is only 1.2 s for urban rail transit networks with 100 transfer stations.
Mass Segregation in Eccentric Nuclear Disks: Enhanced Tidal Disruption Event Rates for High-mass Stars
Authors: Foote Hayden R. , Generozov Aleksey , Madigan Ann-Marie
Published: February 2020

Eccentric nuclear disks (ENDs) are a type of star cluster in which the stars lie on eccentric, apsidally aligned orbits in a disk around a central supermassive black hole. These disks can produce a high rate of tidal disruption events via secular gravitational torques. Previous studies of ENDs have included stars with only one mass. Here, we present the first study of an END with two stellar species. We show that ENDs show radial mass segregation consistent with previous results from other cluster types. Additionally, ENDs show vertical mass segregation by which the heavy stars sink to lower inclinations than light stars. These two effects cause heavy stars to be more susceptible to tidal disruption, which can be seen in the higher fraction of heavy stars that are disrupted compared to light stars.
The Formation of Exponential Disk Galaxies in MOND
Authors: Wittenburg Nils , Kroupa Pavel , Famaey Benoit
Published: February 2020

The formation and evolution of galaxies are highly dependent on the dynamics of stars and gas, which is governed by the underlying law of gravity. To investigate how the formation and evolution of galaxies take place in Milgromian gravity (MOND), we present full hydrodynamical simulations with the Phantom of Ramses code. These are the first-ever galaxy formation simulations done in MOND with detailed hydrodynamics, including star formation, stellar feedback, radiative transfer, and supernovae. These models start from simplified initial conditions, in the form of isolated, rotating gas spheres in the early universe. These collapse and form late-type galaxies obeying several scaling relations, which was not a priori expected. The formed galaxies have a compact bulge and a disk with exponentially decreasing surface mass density profiles and scale lengths consistent with observed galaxies, as well as vertical stellar mass distributions with distinct exponential profiles (thin and thick disk). This work thus shows for the first time that disk galaxies with exponential profiles in both gas and stars are a generic outcome of collapsing gas clouds in MOND. These models have a slight lack of stellar angular momentum because of their somewhat compact stellar bulge, which is connected to the simple initial conditions and the negligible later gas accretion. We also analyze how the addition of more complex baryonic physics changes the resulting main properties of the models and find this to be negligibly so in the Milgromian framework.
Four new species of the genus Rodrigama Gauld, 1991 (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Poemeniinae) from South Korea
Authors: Choi Jin-Kyung , Lee Jong-Wook
Published: February 2020

Four new species of the genus Rodrigama Gauld are described: R. sobaekensissp. nov., R. koreanasp. nov., R. wookisp. nov. and R. unmunensissp. nov., all from South Korea. The 11 species of Rodrigama are distributed across Central America and Asia, comprising seven previously recorded species and the four new species presented here. An illustrated key to South Korean species of Rodrigama is provided.
A review of the genus Orthocentrus Gravenhorst (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Orthocentrinae) from South Korea
Authors: Humala Andrei E. , Lee Jong-Wook , Choi Jin-Kyung
Published: February 2020

Twenty six species of the genus Orthocentrus Gravenhorst occurring in South Korea are reviewed. This is the first record of the genus from South Korea. Fifteen species, O. brachycerussp. nov., O. caudalissp. nov., O. consobrinussp. nov., O. flavescenssp. nov., O. koreanussp. nov., O. leeisp. nov., O. leucostomussp. nov., O. orientalissp. nov., O. pacificussp. nov., O. parvussp. nov., O. pulchellussp. nov., O. setosussp. nov., O. tenuiventrissp. nov., O. trichophthalmussp. nov. and O. trichoptilussp. nov., are described as new, and ten more species are recorded from South Korea for the first time. Orthocentrus consobrinussp. nov. is also reported from Russia, O. caudalissp. nov. from China, and O. winnertzii from Japan. A key to Orthocentrus species occurring in South Korea is provided. The status of O. stigmaticus Holmgren, 1858 as a valid species is resurrected (stat. rev.).
Discontinuités et hétérogénéités. Spatialiser l’ethnographie d’un projet transnational de protection de la nature
Authors: Arango Luisa
Published: February 2020

En 2017, des chercheurs en sciences sociales commencent le programme SavNat-Afrique. Celui-ci vise l’étude des savoirs environnementaux au sein d’un projet transnational de gestion des oiseaux d’eau migrant entre l’Europe et l’Afrique sahélienne. Ancrée en différents pays, la réflexion s’est construite d’emblée sur l’idée d’une ethnographie multi-située. Étant à mi-chemin dans cette recherche, j’aborde les aspects méthodologiques relatifs à sa spatialisation : la place des effets scalaires dans l’analyse, la localisation des matériaux ethnographiques, la définition des critères géographiques et l’analyse de situations. Je m’intéresse au rôle des interprètes et des objets médiateurs dans la mise en consistance des projets transnationaux. Ils font écho aux stratégies développées par des acteurs débutants ou marginaux dans ces mondes, pour donner cohérence à leur action personnelle dans des lieux spatialement éloignés et socialement divers.
Les parcours de soins des enfants en rechute de cancer. Un objet multi-situé au croisement de la sociologie et de la médecine
Authors: Besle Sylvain , Carof Solenne , Schultz Émilien
Published: February 2020

Pour les enfants, adolescents et jeunes adultes atteints de cancers avancés, l’accès à l’innovation thérapeutique par les essais cliniques de phases précoces est un enjeu important. Du fait de la rareté des centres menant ces recherches, une coordination est nécessaire entre les différents hôpitaux et le quotidien des familles, amenant de nouvelles contraintes dans les parcours de soins. Cet article présente la construction du projet sociologique acce à la rencontre des réflexions portées par le monde médical et associatif. Il vise à rendre compte de la dimension multi-située de l’accès aux essais précoces caractérisée par la mise en relation d’espaces différents à partir d’une méthodologie dédiée. Après avoir décrit dans une première partie l’importance de mobiliser des méthodologies complémentaires pour saisir la dimension multi-située, notre article met en exergue dans une deuxième partie son importance pour rendre compte de la structuration de l’accès de la recherche, ainsi que de l’expérience des familles.
Thickened Drinks and Oral Nutritional Supplements as Potential Reservoirs of Oral Microorganisms: Microbial Assays In Vitro
Authors: Jung Caroline , Molinari Nadine , Bouhlel Aïmen , Ruimy Raymond , Prêcheur Isabelle
Published: February 2020

Oral hygiene is difficult to achieve for frail older adults. Aging, chronic diseases, polypharmacy, mouth-washes, and crushed drugs can contribute to uncontrolled proliferation and microbial deposits in the mouth. Looking for avoidable risk factors, in vitro microbial survival or proliferation in thickened drinks and oral nutritional supplements (ONS) was investigated. The safest thickened drinks were ready-to-use products containing preservatives.
Escherichia coli
,
Staphylococcus aureus,
and
Candida albicans
proliferated in dairy ONS at room temperature.
C. albicans
also proliferated in juices. Oral anerobic bacteria were recovered from part eaten ONS. Thickened drinks and ONS could contribute to microbial proliferation, especially with patients who have swallowing alterations or cognitive troubles, who may keep these solutions longer than necessary in their mouth. These products can also constitute microbial reservoirs in the environment of frail older adults. It is important for health care workers and family members to respect hand hygiene and refrigeration procedures. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 13
(4), 203–209.]
Adaptive MOOCs Based on Intended Learning Outcomes Using Naïve Bayesian Technique
Authors: Ewais Ahmad , Abu Samara Duaa
Published: February 2020

Widespread adoption of MOOCs got researchers interest to support learners in their learning process. However, most of provided courses are teacher-centered approach rather than learner-centered approach. One of the possible solutions to enhance the learning process is to enable learner to learn a course that achieve a number of Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs). Therefore, the main goal of this research work is to propose an approach for adapting MOOCs learning materials based on ILOs using classification algorithm namely Naïve Bayesian algorithm. Furthermore, the proposed approach considered the pedagogical aspects by generating a learning path based on the pedagogical relationship between learning concepts which are mapped to learning materials. As a result, the learner will be able to follow a course generated automatically based on selected ILOs and pedagogical relationships. To validate the proposed approach, a prototype has been developed and the effectiveness of the adopted technique has been validated using a precision-recall indicator. The results were promising as the precision-recall indicators provided interesting results in the classification process.
A Modified Evaluation Approach for Direct Assessment of Program Outcomes: Medical Equipment Technology Program as Case Study
Authors: Waly Mohamed Ibrahim
Published: February 2020

Abstract Academic accreditation criteria require a powerful method to evaluate program outcomes (POs). The most recent studies recommend the use of both direct and indirect assessments to evaluate the actual achievements of POs. This study aimed to provide an easily implemented method based on direct assessment and other integrated variables that reflect the reality of students' achievement of POs. The suggested method, based on weight average equation, was presented and compared with the other two methods. The comparative study was designed on the basis of two steps. First, the results of each method were compared with the result of the general capacity exam, using root mean square error (27 students, male, from level four with 6 courses). The second step was based on statistical analysis (paired t-test) of results from the methods for the same batch of students (from level 3 to level 6, with 22 courses). In the first step, the suggested method resulted in the lowest root mean square error relative to the general capacity exam (9%). In the second step there was a significant difference between the mean of the suggested method and other methods (69.8040 ± 6.59, P-value < 0.05). The evaluation procedure for POs is an integral component of the education process. Various variables are integrated to reflect the actual achievement of students. The suggested method reflected the reality of PO achievements more accurately than the other methods, which proved sensitivity to the number of course learning outcomes (CLOs).
Immunohistochemical study for relationship between vessel and lymphatic properties and tooth marks in human oral mucosa
Authors: Inomata Toru , Miwa Yoko , Kawata Shinichi , Omotehara Takuya , Sato Iwao , Itoh Masahiro
Published: February 2020

Angiogenesis is an important issue related to normal growth and differentiation, and it is a critical issue in the progression of human disease in oral mucosa. Tooth marks occur after clenching the teeth for a long period under muscle tension in the human oral cavity. However, the sites of angiogenesis, cell differentiation and microvessel density are not known for human mucosa with tooth marks. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the markers of differentiation (Ki-67), angiogenesis (CD31, D2-40, VEGF-A), and marks from teeth in the second molar region using immunohistochemical methods. In addition, we compared these areas with the mucous membrane. Our results revealed blood and lymphoid vessels in irregular mucosa structures, and the vessels in the oral mucosa were observed in three types of samples: dentulous, denture attachment (containing partial teeth), and edentulous samples. The localization of the angiogenesis was related to the structure of the oral mucosa of connective tissue in humans, such as the mucosal fold-like of the buccal region. Using principal component analysis (PCA), we found that tooth occlusal condition, gender, anti-VEGF-A reaction levels in oral mucosa of the epithelium were positive factors in all groups, which is in contrast to the negative association of Ki-67 reaction in the epithelium and CD31 expression. In addition, Ki-67 reaction in oral mucosa had negative impacts, in contrast to the positive association of D2-40. These PCA properties provide useful information for future study of tumour progression or mechanical stress in remodelling of oral mucosa and angiogenesis. Moreover, mechanical stress of the occlusal condition may be correlated with tumour angiogenic activity and cell differentiation in human oral mucosa.
Table of Contents Vol 23, No 1 (2019)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: February 2020

No abstract available.
Unexpected rare metastases of renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Khoo Alex , Cheong Yew
Published: February 2020

Renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) commonly metastasize to the lungs and bones and rarely to the parathyroid, maxillary sinus, and adrenals. It is indeed very rare to have these all these metastases occurring simultaneously in an individual. We share a case of 67-year-old woman provisionally treated for parathyroid carcinoma but subsequently found to actually have metastatic RCC to the left maxillary sinus, parathyroid, lungs, and adrenals on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography–computed tomography.
Effect of brown adipose tissue activation on myocardial fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake
Authors: Alenezi Saud A. , Dannoon Shorouk F. , Alnafisi Naheel S. , Asa'ad Saqr M. , Osman Medhat M. , Elgazzar Abdelhamid H.
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation and myocardial fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F] FDG) uptake in terms of intensity and patterns. The patients were divided into two groups as follows: BAT and control groups. The BAT group consists of 34 cases that showed BAT uptake. The control group, with no BAT uptake, included 68 patients who were matched for body mass index, gender, and season. The scans were retrospectively reviewed by two nuclear medicine physicians who visually evaluated the intensity of myocardial [18F] FDG uptake. The myocardial [18F] FDG uptake was visually classified into the following three patterns: diffuse, heterogeneous, and focal. The regions of activated BAT distribution were noted. The mean myocardial [18F] FDG uptake was 2.50 ± 0.75 for the BAT group and 2.13 ± 0.88 for the control group with a statistically significant difference (P = 0.031). The myocardial [18F] FDG uptake pattern was similar in the BAT and control groups with the diffuse pattern being the most common, followed by the heterogeneous and less commonly focal. In the BAT group, the anatomical distribution of BAT was mainly in supraclavicular, paravertebral, and axillary and to a lesser extent in cervical regions. BAT group had a significantly higher intensity of [18F] FDG myocardial uptake compared to that of the control group. The presence of activated BAT did not affect the pattern of myocardial uptake. Knowledge of these findings may help in understanding the variability of myocardial [18F] FDG uptake and consequently in avoiding misinterpretation of cardiac findings in positron-emission tomography/computed tomography studies.
Augmenting Scalable Communication-Based Role Allocation for a Three-Role Task
Authors: Martins Gustavo , Urbano Paulo , Christensen Anders Lyhne
Published: February 2020

In evolutionary robotics role allocation studies, it is common that the role assumed by each robot is strongly associated with specific local conditions, which may compromise scalability and robustness because of the dependency on those conditions. To increase scalability, communication has been proposed as a means for robots to exchange signals that represent roles. This idea was successfully applied to evolve communication-based role allocation for a two-role task. However, it was necessary to reward signal differentiation in the fitness function, which is a serious limitation as it does not generalize to tasks where the number of roles is unknown a priori. In this paper, we show that rewarding signal differentiation is not necessary to evolve communication-based role allocation strategies for the given task, and we improve reported scalability, while requiring less a priori knowledge. Our approach for the two-role task puts fewer constrains on the evolutionary process and enhances the potential of evolving communication-based role allocation for more complex tasks. Furthermore, we conduct experiments for a three-role task where we compare two different cognitive architectures and several fitness functions and we show how scalable controllers might be evolved.
Representations of Finite Groups
Authors: Chuang Joseph , Geck Meinolf , Kessar Radha , Navarro Gabriel
Published: February 2020

The workshop
Representations of Finite Groups
was organised by Joseph Chuang (London), Meinolf Geck (Stuttgart), Radha Kessar (London) and Gabriel Navarro (Valencia). It covered a wide variety of aspects of representation theory of finite groups and its relations to other areas of mathematics.
Tomographic Inverse Problems: Theory and Applications
Authors: Burger Martin , Hahn Bernadette , Quinto Eric Todd
Published: February 2020

This was the tenth Oberwolfach conference on the mathematics of tomography. The field rests on the interplay between the theoretical and applied; practical questions lead to new mathematics and pure mathematics motivates new algorithms. This workshop encompassed classical areas such as X-ray computed tomography (CT) as well as new modalities and applications such as dynamic imaging, Compton scattering tomography, hybrid imaging, optical tomography or multi-energy CT and addressed inter alia the use of methods from machine learning.
Nonlinear Evolution Equations: Analysis and Numerics
Authors: Hochbruck Marlis , Koch Herbert , Oh Sung-Jin , Ostermann Alexander
Published: February 2020

The qualitative theory of nonlinear evolution equations is an important tool for studying the dynamical behavior of systems in science and technology. A thorough understanding of the complex behavior of such systems requires detailed analytical and numerical investigations of the underlying partial differential equations.
Singularities and Homological Aspects of Commutative Algebra
Authors: Conca Aldo , Cutkosky Steven Dale , Iyengar Srikanth B.
Published: February 2020

Commutative algebra has recently witnessed a number of spectacular developments, resulting in the resolution of long-standing problems. The new techniques and perspectives, such as methods from the theory of perfectoid spaces, are leading to an extraordinary transformation in the field. There is also remarkable progress on the study of singularities in positive characteristics, and in particular on the problem of resolution of singularities. This workshop brought together researchers driving these developments with a broader group of young researchers in commutative algebra and allied fields, with the aim of spurring new collaborations and progress.
Mini-Workshop: Mathematical Aspects of Nonlinear Wave Propagation in Solid Mechanics
Authors: Saccomandi Giuseppe , Sengül Tezel Yasemin , Vergori Luigi
Published: February 2020

Nonlinear elastodynamics sets a plethora of challenging mathematical problems such as those concerning wave propagation in solids. Elastic vibrations and acoustic waves have been widely studied because of their applications in nondestructive tests of materials and structures, and, in recent times, several novel aspects of the theory of wave propagation in solids have blossomed thanks to the introduction of metamaterials and new technological devices.

The goal of this workshop was to bring together researchers with different backgrounds to discuss recent advances, and to stimulate future work.
Potent Potential of Awqāf in Social and Economic Development
Authors: Mohammad Manzoor Alam Mohammad Manzoor Alam
Published: February 2020

Muslim societies and communities in all Islamic countries and most of the
other regions of the world are having awqaf properties inherited from their ancestors.
However, presently the waqf properties are passing through a trend characterized by
usurpation, neglect and unproductive use. Prof Khalid Rashid in his lead paper has
rightly emphasized need to protect and develop the existing awqaf and to consider
certain measures which may enhance the income generation capability and administrative well-being of awqaf. Thus, a reform of the waqf system in the contemporary
Islamic world is absolutely necessary. In a post-economic and financial liberalization
environment at the global level, it is important to utilize awqaf for poverty reduction,
capacity building and economic empowerment of Muslim communities. The waqf fund
can be channeled through educational, social and cultural development. In this context,
this paper discusses that in modern times, the economic dimensions of waqf institution
need attention of scholars and economists to explore its potential role in economic life
of Muslims. In a country like India waqf institutions have been playing a very
significant role and have still great potentiality to do so in the religious, social and
economic life of Muslims. However, they need to be cleansed of corruption and
mismanagement. The control by government organization and the state interference
sometimes pose another problem in the way of proper utilization of the awqaf
properties in an effective way.
Modeling Prices of Islamic Commodity Swaption
Authors: Nahla Ghazi Aljudaibi Nahla Ghazi Aljudaibi
Published: February 2020

Derivatives that manage commodity risk over multiple periods are not
Sharīʿah-compliant. This study proposes a Sharīʿah-compliant swaption model
(waʿdān or two promises on swap) for hedging commodity risk. The model
combines two separate and independent waʿds (waʿdān) on commodity swap
through murābaḥah contract. Black (1976) model is used to determine the intrinsic
value for the counter-parties involved in the contract. The risk-free rate is replaced
with the return on AAA ṣukūk to make Black (1976) model Sharīʿah compliant. The
proposed Sharīʿah-compliant model is compared with the conventional swaption
model, and with the Islamic commodity option (waʿdān on commodity) for its
effectiveness. The tests of the model show that the proposed Islamic pricing model
has a higher positive effect than the conventional swaption model. In addition, the
proposed Islamic commodity swaption is more efficient than Islamic commodity
options. The reliability of the proposed model was established by the Monte Carlo
simulation run with 10,000 iterations.
التأصيل الفقهي والتاريخي للأوقاف بين الشائع والموثوق: صدقة أبي طلحة نموذجًا
Authors: أحمد بن محمد المغربي أحمد بن محمد المغربي
Published: February 2020

. المفترض أن يقوم الدور الفاعل لحاضر الأوقاف ومستقبلها على أسس علمية، وبناءً على معلومات صحيحة؛ لأنّ النتائج بنات المقدّمات. وإنّ مراجعة وتدقيق معلومات الماضي يعين على توخّي الصواب النافع للمستقبل. وقد شاعت وانتشرت في عالم الأوقاف معلومات بات البعض يتداولها على أنّها حقائق مع أنّها ليست كذلك. هذه الدّراسة محاولة لتناول هذا الجانب الذي ربّما كان جديدًا في الدراسات الوقفيّة من خلال ما فشى وانتشر عن صدقة أبي طلحة الأنصاري رضي الله عنه. وقد خَلُصت الدراسة إلى جملة من النتائج؛ منها: ? إنّ الخطيب الشربيني الشافعي (المتوفى977هـ) - رحمه الله – أوّل من نصّ على مسألتين فحواهما "أنّ آية آل عمران: 92 هي الأصل في الوقف، وأن أبا طلحة لما سمعها رغب في وقف حديقته "بيرحاء". وأنّ ما نصّ عليه هذا العالم -رحمه الله- ظهر من أساسه بصورة تفتقر إلى الدقّة والنّظر. ? إنّ أشهر كتب تفسير القرآن ترى في آية آل عمران: 92 وآيات مماثلة لها دلالة عموم لا تنحصر في مفهوم الأوقاف. وكذلك أشارت أشهر كتب الحديث النبوي إلى أن صدقة أبي طلحة رضي الله عنه صدقة من سائر الصدقات، ولم تظهر رواية موثوقة تدلّ على أنّها وقف، بخلاف ما روي عن صدقة عمر بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه. ? إنّ إشكالات فقهية وقفيّة اكتنفت صدقة أبي طلحة وكانت مثارًا لانتقاد بعض أهل العلم. ? عدم وجود تأثير لصدقة أبي طلحة على مجريات تاريخ أوقاف المسلمين خاصة في القرنين الأول والثاني؛ بل إنّ إجماع الصحابة والتابعين كان على صدقة عمر بن الخطاب -رضي الله عنه-، وحديث الصدقة الجارية. ومن ثم فإنّ صدقة أبي طلحة لم تمثّل الوقف في أي مرحلة من مراحل تاريخ المسلمين.
بيع المضطرِّ في الفِقه الإسلاميِّ: دراسةٌ تأصيليةٌ تطبيقيةٌ
Authors: تيسير عبدالله النَّاعس تيسير عبدالله النَّاعس
Published: February 2020

. هَدَفَ البحث إلى دراسة أحكام بيع المضطر في الفقه الإسلامي، حيث تتناول الفقرة الأولى تعريف المضطر، والمصطلحات ذات الصلة، وحكم معاوضة المضطر بحسب أشكال الأسواق في التحليل الاقتصادي، والأدلة الواردة في حكم معاوضة المضطر. وعرض في الفقرة الثانية للصلة بين بيع المضطر وبين مجموعة من المسائل الفقهية والاقتصادية، ككراهة التورُّق عند بعض الحنابلة نظرًا لوجود معنى الاضطرار فيها، ومعرفة ما إذا كان الاضطرار مسوِّغًا للتسعير، والقيم الأخلاقية التي تضمَّنها النظام الاقتصادي الإسلامي للتخفيف من الاضطرار للبيع لأي سبب من الأسباب، والاجتهادات الفقهية التي تعطي مَن وجب عليه البيع؛ لأداء حق لزمه، وقتًا يتمكن فيه من المساومة الكافية على سلعته. اتبع البحث المنهج الوصفي. وتوصَّل إلى نتائج عدة، من أهمها: أن معايير التفريق بين الاضطرار والإكراه متعدِّدة، وأن معنى الاضطرار غلب على الإكراه على سبب البيع، وأنه لا صلة بين الثمن الاتفاقي أو العام وبين حكم معاوضة المضطر، وأن من حق المضطر على البيع مطالبة القضاء بتأجيل البيع؛ ليتمكن من المساومة.
"أحكام الوقف والصدقات"، للإمام أبي بكر أحمد بن عمرو الخصاف (ت 261هـ)" دراسة وتحقيق صبح عقلة البدّاح، بيروت: مؤسسة الرسالة، ط 1، 1438هـ.
Authors: علي أحمد الندوي علي أحمد الندوي
Published: February 2020

تُقدم هذه الورقة عرضًا لكتاب" أحكام الوقف والصدقات" للإمام أبي بكر أحمد بن عمرو الخصاف المتوفى سنة 261 للهجرة. ويُعد الكتاب من أوائل المراجع الفقهية التي أفردت موضوع الوقف بتأليف منفرد خاص. وأصل هذه الطبعة التي نقدم عرضًا لها رسالة علمية أعدت لنيل درجة الدكتوراه في الفقه وأصوله قام بها المحقق صبح عقلة البدّاح. وقد استوعب هذا الكتاب الكثير من الآراء الاجتهادية، وهي في الغالب متوافقة مع المذاهب الفقهية الأخرى،. ويكاد يكون هذا الكتاب بمثابة دليل يسترشد به في معالجة القضايا المستجدة في مجال الوقف.
15 Pole Connector Between Towing Vehicles and Trailers with 12 Volt Nominal Supply
Authors:   Truck and Bus Electrical Systems Committee
Published: February 2020

This SAE Standard establishes the minimum construction and performance requirements for a 15 pole connector between towing vehicles and trailers, for trucks, trailers, and dollies, for 12 VDC nominal applications in conjunction with SAE J2742. The connector accommodates both power and ISO 11992-1 signal circuits along with dual ground wires to accommodate grounding requirements within the constraints of the SAE J2691 terminal capacity.
Job duration and inequality
Authors: Chen Siyan , Desiderio Saul
Published: February 2020

As suggested by recent empirical evidence, one of the causes behind the widespread rise of inequality experienced by OECD countries in the last few decades may have been the increased flexibility of labor markets. The authors explore this hypothesis through the analysis of a stock-flow consistent agent-based macroeconomic model able to reproduce with good statistical precision several empirical regularities. They employ three different sensitivity analysis techniques, which indicate that increasing job contract duration (i.e. decreasing flexibility) has the effect of reducing income and wealth inequality. However, the authors also find that this effect is diminished by tight monetary policy and low credit supply. The last result suggests that the final outcome of structural reforms aimed at changing labor flexibility can depend on the macroeconomic environment in which these are implemented.
Restoring the body: changes in body self in the course of a focusing and arts-based therapy program for female interpersonal trauma survivors
Authors: Zielona-Jenek Monika , Sakson-Obada Olga , Czapczyńska Agnieszka
Published: February 2020

Background

The goal of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a therapeutic program for female survivors of interpersonal trauma, among others, of domestic violence. The participating women took part in four two-day modules in a group setting during which they were offered focusing training and arts-based Gestalt therapy. The effectiveness of the interventions was evaluated in terms of improvements in body image and body experience, according to the model of body self as developed by Sakson-Obada.

Participants and procedure

The Body-Self Questionnaire, the Affective Body Image test and the Draw-a-Woman test were administered to 21 participants before and after the program.

Results

After the therapy, the participants reported a reduction of disturbances in their body experience (interpretation and regulation of emotions and bodily needs and in body identity). In the body image domain, increased body satisfaction was observed using both declarative and projective tools – the women were also more likely to draw uncovered parts of the female body. Although improvements were noted in most of the women, three of them reported an increase in difficulties, mainly in the body image domain.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated that: (1) a combination of the two techniques, i.e., focusing training and art included in the Gestalt group therapy program, resulted in satisfactory changes in body image and body experience; (2) the therapy’s effects should be monitored in the context of a woman’s various life situations; and (3) the use of both declarative and non-declarative methods can be recommended to assess the effectiveness of body-centered therapy.
Motives for and barriers to exercising across trimesters of pregnancy in health club members
Authors: White Erin , Pfeifer Karin , Holzman Claudia , Pivarnik James
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Determining the motives for and barriers to physical activity (PA) during pregnancy may help to promote PA throughout gestation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the most frequent motives for and barriers to maternal exercise by trimester in exercising and non-exercising women who belonged to a health club.

Methods

A retrospective, online survey was available to the participating women. They stated the top 3 motives and barriers for exercise during each trimester. Frequencies and chi-squared test proportions were calculated.

Results

The study involved 295 women. The most commonly reported motives for exercise during each trimester was to stay healthy (37.4%, 35.5%, and 32.9%, respectively) and to control weight (19.8%, 27.1%, and 25.5%, respectively). The most commonly reported barrier to exercise was lack of energy/tiredness in all trimesters (27.0%, 18.9%, and 19.4%, respectively). During trimesters 1 and 3, trimester-specific barriers such as pregnancy-related illness (18.5%) and exercise being too uncomfortable (17.2%) emerged, respectively.

Conclusions

PA motives and barriers did not change statistically significantly by trimester regardless of exercise status (p > 0.05). Although not explored in this study, tailoring PA messages to overcome the most salient barriers in each trimester, such as education regarding how to modify PA in the third trimester to make exercise more comfortable, may be more
effective than promoting general health benefits of PA during pregnancy.
Differences in activation of the vastus lateralis muscle during maximal exercise test between very-low-birth-weight preterm and full-term children
Authors: Davidson Josy , Tsopanoglou Sabrina Pinheiro , Dourado Victor Zuniga , Carvas Jr Nelson , Nunes Dos Santos Amélia Miyashiro , Goulart Ana Lucia , Solé Dirceu
Published: February 2020

Purpose

To compare the pattern of the electrical activation of the vastus lateralis muscle during a maximal exercise test between children born prematurely and full-term.

Methods

The study was conducted in preterm children born at less than 37 weeks of gestational age with a birth weight of less than 1500 g aged 6–9 years compared with children born at term of the same age. A rapidly incremental exercise test on a treadmill was performed, and surface electromyography signals of the vastus lateralis muscle were collected throughout the test. The root mean square (RMS) was calculated every minute. The Mann-Whitney and Friedman’s tests were applied to verify the differences in each minute between and within groups, and nonlinear regression analysis was performed to establish the factors associated with the pattern of vastus lateralis activation.

Results

Overall, 68 children were analysed: 37 in the premature group and 31 in the term group. The preterm group showed higher RMS values than the full-term group throughout the test, with significant differences at rest and in the 3rd, 4th, 5th, and 6th minutes of the exercise test. Particularly, the preterm group presented 28.5% higher RMS values than the term group throughout the analysed period.

Conclusions

The lower limbs of the children born prematurely showed higher excitability than those of the children born at full-term. These data could help maintain and/or improve their physical ability during exercise tests.
The effects of small-sided soccer games on technical actions and skills: A systematic review
Authors: Clemente Filipe Manuel , Sarmento Hugo
Published: February 2020

Purpose

This systematic review aims to describe evidence of the effects of different small-sided soccer games (SSGs) on technical actions and technical performance. The article systematically reviews and organizes the effects of the most common task conditions and characterizes the methodologies employed in previous studies.

Methods

A systematic review of Web of Science, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus databases was conducted in accordance with preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search returned 339 records. After screening against the set criteria, a total of 37 full articles were fully reviewed.

Results

The main topics related to consequences of technical actions were (1) effects of different formats; (2) effects of different pitch sizes, relative area per player, pitch restrictions and configurations; (3) effects of different task conditions; (4) effects of age group, experience, and technical skill; and (5) effects of different training regimens or structured training programs. Briefly, it was concluded that smaller formats meaningfully increased the number of determinant technical actions performed when compared with medium and larger formats (5 vs. 5 to 11 vs. 11). Furthermore, smaller amounts of relative area per player meaningfully increased most technical actions made by players. The use of free play increased the number of technical actions taken, while imposing a 1-touch limitation raised the number of involvements but also the frequencies of errors and balls lost.

Conclusions

This systematic review reveals that each of the above-mentioned topics has a meaningful impact on the frequencies of technical actions and success during SSGs.