bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interventions to Mitigate EHR and Documentation Burden in Health Professions Trainees: A Scoping Review
Authors: Levy Deborah R. , Rossetti Sarah C. , Brandt Cynthia A. , Melnick Edward R. , Hamilton Andrew , Rinne Seppo T. , Womack Dana , Mohan Vishnu
Published: October 2024

Background Health professions trainees (trainees) are unique as they learn a chosen field while working within electronic health records (EHRs). Efforts to mitigate EHR burden have been described for the experienced health professional (HP), but less is understood for trainees. EHR or documentation burden (EHR burden) affects trainees, although not all trainees use EHRs, and use may differ for experienced HPs.

Objectives This study aimed to develop a model of how interventions to mitigate EHR burden fit within the trainee EHR workflow: the Trainee EHR Burden Model. (We: 1) Examined trainee experiences of interventions aimed at mitigating EHR burden (scoping review) and (2) Adapted an existing workflow model by mapping included studies (concept clarification).

Methods We conducted a four-database scoping review applying Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Extensions for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidance, examining scholarly, peer-reviewed studies that measured trainee experience of interventions to mitigate EHR burden. We conducted a concept clarification categorizing, then mapping studies to workflow model elements. We adapted the model to intervenable points for trainee EHR burden.

Results We identified 11 studies examining interventions to mitigate EHR burden that measured trainee experience. Interventions included curriculum, training, and coaching on the existing EHR for both simulated or live tasks; evaluating scribes' impact; adding devices or technology tailored to rounds; and team communication or data presentation at end-of-shift handoffs. Interventions had varying effects on EHR burden, most commonly measured through surveys, and less commonly, direct observation. Most studies had limited sample sizes and focused on inpatient settings and physician trainees.

Conclusion Few studies measured trainee perspectives of interventions aiming to mitigate EHR burden. Many studies applied quasi-experimental designs and focused on inpatient settings. The Trainee EHR Burden Model, adapted from an existing workflow model, offers a starting place to situate points of intervention in trainee workflow. Further research is needed to design new interventions targeting stages of HP trainee workflow, in a range of clinical settings.
Cross-Leg Microvascular Free Anterolateral Thigh Flap as a Safe, Viable, and Reserve Option for Reconstruction in a Vessel-Depleted Limb
Authors: SS Sonika , Sharma Mukesh Kumar , Babu Vaddi Suman , Samraj Catherine , Boyidi Bulli Babu
Published: October 2024

We present the case of a 36-year-old male patient with a posttraumatic composite defect of the lower two-thirds of the anterior aspect of the left leg with exposed necrotic tibia in an old, neglected type 3b fracture of the tibia of 9-month duration. The options for definitive soft-tissue cover include microvascular free tissue transfer and cross-leg flaps. In trauma cases, the surrounding tissue is usually damaged, and the recipient vessels are frequently implicated, ruling out the use of a microvascular free flap. Cross-leg flaps are unachievable due to large defect sizes and lack of appropriate donor tissue. In this case report, we highlight the use of cross-leg microvascular free anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap cover for the composite leg defect. By presenting our case, we aim to advocate the clinical application of cross-leg free flap surgery in vessel-depleted limbs as a safe and viable option.
Diagnostic Dilemmas in Fetal Scalp Cystic Lesions: A Case Series
Authors: Potdar Omkar , Suresh Indrani , Raja Vijayalakshmi , Yadav Sakshi
Published: October 2024

Fetal Scalp cystic lesions are occasionally encountered during the routine mid trimester scan. Some may be benign scalp cysts like an epidermal or dermal cyst, and some may contain neural tissue with associated calvarial defects like meningocele or encephalocele. Prenatally, differentiating them and arriving at an exact diagnosis is challenging. This case study describes seven cases diagnosed with fetal scalp cysts and normal intracranial anatomy. Seven cases with normal intracranial anatomy were included. Out of seven cases, four turned out to be scalp cysts, two turned out to be meningocele, and one was atretic encephalocele. Of four cases of scalp cysts, three regressed spontaneously and one required surgical excision. All instances of meningocele and encephalocele required surgical correction. In the case of fetal scalp cystic lesions, the presence of normal intracranial anatomy and head circumference, the absence of other associated anomalies, and the use of high frequency ultrasound transducers to rule out calvarial defects can aid in delineating the diagnosis of benign fetal scalp cysts.
Video of the Month: Pulsating Umbilicus in a Neonate with Left Ventricular Diverticulum
Authors: Moormann M. , Vollroth M. , Lacher M. , Stepan H. , Gräfe D. , Thome U. , Rützel S. , Weidenbach M. , Martynov I. , Pügge C.
Published: October 2024

Left ventricular diverticulum (LVD) is a rare malformation presenting in 0.05% of all congenital cardiac anomalies. It is associated with additional cardiac and extracardiac malformations. We report on a female neonate with prenatally diagnosed heterotaxia and dextrocardia who was born with a pulsating supraumbilical mass. Echocardiography revealed a diverticulum originating from the left ventricle, which was connected to the umbilicus. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed an LVD without evidence of a diaphragmatic hernia on the day of life 9. The child underwent laparotomy/lower sternotomy, and the diverticulum and epigastric hernia were closed. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the girl was discharged on the 10th postoperative day. In a neonate with a pulsatile supraumbilical mass, the diagnosis of a congenital LVD should be taken into consideration. The treatment is straightforward and was successful in this single case.
Paranasal Sinus Visualization Capabilities of a Novel Articulating Rigid-Flexible Endoscope: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: Feng Allen L. , Ringel Barak , Holbrook Eric H.
Published: October 2024

Introduction Rigid endoscopes have allowed surgeons to safely perform endoscopic sinus surgery. However, their rigid nature creates inherent visualization limitations. The study herein looks to assess the visualization potential of a novel articulating rigid-flexible endoscope when compared with traditional rigid and flexible nasal endoscopes.

Methods A new articulating endoscope capable of bending its distal tip and extending beyond the point of angulation was compared with 0- and 30-degree 4.0-mm rigid endoscopes, and a 3.7-mm flexible nasopharyngoscope in their ability to visualize predefined anatomic landmarks within the maxillary, sphenoid, and frontal sinuses. Visible markers were placed at applicable landmarks using image guidance in a total of five cadaveric heads. The ability to visualize these intrasinus anatomic landmarks was recorded for each scope.

Results When inspecting the surgically naive anatomy of all sinus ostia and predefined anatomic landmarks, the articulating endoscope had superior visualization (p < 0.01) compared with the 0-degree, 30-degree, and flexible endoscopes throughout all sinuses (maxillary sinus: 62.5, 0, 5, and 0%, respectively; sphenoidal sinus: 92.5, 27.5, 37.5, and 40%, respectively; frontal sinus: 51.4, 5.7, 20, and 37.1%, respectively). After performing a Draf IIa, the articulating endoscope was able to visualize 100% of the predefined frontal sinus landmarks compared with 22.9, 45.7, and 65.7% for the 0-degree, 30-degree, and flexible endoscopes, respectively (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The articulating rigid-flexible endoscope is superior in reaching and visualizing anatomic landmarks within the paranasal sinuses, compared with standard endoscopes.
Effect of Plate Screw Configuration on Construct Stiffness and Plate Strain in a Synthetic Short Fragment Small Gap Fracture Model Stabilized with a 12-Hole 3.5-mm Locking Compression Plate
Authors: Trefny Fabian N. , Glyde Mark R. , Hosgood Giselle L. , Day Robert E. , Hayes Alex
Published: October 2024

Objective The aim of the study was to determine the effect of a short and long working length screw configuration on construct stiffness and plate strain in a synthetic, short fragment, small gap fracture model stabilized with a 12-hole 3.5-mm locking compression plate (LCP).

Study Design Six replicates of short and long working length constructs on a short fragment, small gap fracture model underwent four-point bending. Construct stiffness and plate strain were compared across working length and along the plate.

Results With the LCP on the compression surface (compression bending), the short working length had a significantly higher construct stiffness and lower plate strain than the long working length. Conversely, with the LCP on the tension surface (tension bending), transcortical contact between 150 and 155 N induced load sharing at the fracture gap, which significantly increased construct stiffness and decreased plate strain in the long working length. At 100 N (precontact), the short working length had a significantly higher construct stiffness and lower plate strain than the long working length, comparable with our compressing bending results.

Conclusion In compression bending, and before transcortical contact occurred in tension bending, the short working length had a significantly higher construct stiffness and lower plate strain than the long working length. Load sharing due to transcortical contact observed in our model in tension bending will vary with fracture gap, working length, and loading condition. These results must be interpreted with caution when considering clinical relevance or potential in vivo biomechanical advantages.
A review on biohydrogen production technology: Production methods, sources, and separation
Authors: Davoodbeygi Yegane , Sabetghadam-Isfahani Armin , Allami Salehe , Oudi Amirhossein , Eghtedari Samaneh
Published: October 2024

Hydrogen is one of the promising alternatives for fossil fuels, as it can produce energy without any devastating effects on the environment. This valuable energy source can be produced through various methods such as biological processes and water electrolysis. Hydrogen generated by biological processes, such as cell-free SyPaB (synthetic pathway biotransformation), photo- and dark fermentation, direct and indirect biophotolysis, and microbial electrolysis cells, is referred to as biohydrogen. Temperature and pH are important parameters in biohydrogen production by these methods. This article reviews the recent investigations on biohydrogen production methods, as well as sources of this valuable fuel. Moreover, since the production of ultrapure hydrogen is essential for using it as the feed of proton exchange membrane fuel cells to produce clean energy, this article also reviews the methods and strategies of biohydrogen separation. Economic feasibility for large-scale applications is a serious challenge of this valuable energy source, and more investigations are required to enhance the biohydrogen production technologies with the aim of reducing total costs and increasing the hydrogen yield.
Numerical investigation on various geometric configurations of vertical helical tube ground heat exchanger for enhancing thermal performance
Authors: Roy Pijus , Hasan Nahid , Jahan Nushrat , Hossain Md. Sohag , Asaduzzaman Md. , Ali Md. Hasan , Miyara Akio
Published: October 2024

The helical tube ground heat exchanger (GHE) surpasses all other types of vertical ground heat exchangers, such as the U-tube, double U-tube, triple U-tube, double W-tube, and double-tube type ground heat exchanger in terms of thermal performance. In the present study, the performance of several helix configurations that have an external helix outlet pipe is investigated and compared with a conventional U-tube ground heat exchanger. Another motive of this research is to find the best configuration in terms of heat transfer rate and pressure drop. Water is employed as the working fluid with a fixed flow rate of 2 L/min under laminar flow consideration and a constant inlet temperature of 300.15 K. To determine the optimal configuration among the 17 independent models, several performance parameters are considered, including heat exchange rate, outlet temperature, pressure drop, and the criterion of coefficient of performance (COP) improvement factor. Furthermore, the effects of using different materials for the tube and backfill on the performance of the GHE are evaluated. In a comparison study, it is found that a modified model with a 0.2 m pitch distance between the inlet and outlet pipes, but the upper portion of the outlet is kept straight for 8 m, provides the best thermal performance but consumes the highest pumping power. It has the highest average heat transfer among all configurations, which is 42.69% higher compared to U-tube GHE. The average heat transfer rate is increased by 6.54% for steel as a tube material compared to polyethylene. By using concrete as the backfill, there is a 5.41% improvement of average heat transfer rate compared to silica sand. The worst thermal performance is found in the U-tube ground heat exchanger.
Numerical investigation of cavity dynamics and cavitation-induced vibrations of a flexible hydrofoil
Authors: Xu Bin , Zhang Liwen , Liu Xingyu , Zhang Weibin , Wang Hao , Shen Xi , Zhang Desheng , (Bart) van Esch B. P. M.
Published: October 2024

This work investigates the cavitation and fluid–structure interaction characteristics of a flexible NACA0015 hydrofoil. The simulation incorporates the Zwart–Gerber–Belamri cavitation model and two-way fluid–structure interactions. The detached eddy simulation method is employed to analyze the impact of cavitation and elastic deformation on hydrodynamic performance. The vibrational response and cavitating flow field around the hydrofoil are investigated. The results show that the vibrational mode of the elastic hydrofoil shifts with increasing flow speed. Furthermore, the vertical vibrational displacement of the hydrofoil aligns with the variations in cavitation volume in the flow field. The structural vibrational deformation of an elastic hydrofoil notably affects the evolution of cavitation. Additionally, fluid–structure interaction in the presence of cavitation influences the pattern of vortex shedding wakes in the flow field. The results of this study can serve as a reference for the design of hydrofoils constructed from composite elastic materials.
MASnI3-based perovskite solar cell utilizing oxygen-free charge transport layers to alleviate Sn oxidation for stability: A comprehensive investigation
Authors: Chaudhary Akhilesh Kumar , Verma Sudhanshu , Chauhan R. K.
Published: October 2024

This study details the design and optimization of a high-performance, stable perovskite solar cell utilizing the nontoxic Sn-based perovskite MASnI3 as the absorber layer. To address the critical challenge of Sn oxidation, oxygen-free electron transport layers (ETLs) and hole transport layers (HTLs) are employed. Comprehensive simulations of 56 ETL/HTL combinations revealed 12 high-performing configurations, with SnS2, WSSe, and ZnSe as notable ETLs and CuSbS2, Sb2S3, Sb2Se3, and Zn3P2 as effective HTLs. Further optimization pinpoints the FTO/SnS2/MASnI3/CuSbS2/Ni configuration as the most promising, achieving a short-circuit current density of 34.81 mA/cm2, open-circuit voltage of 0.89 V, fill factor of 82.19%, and a power conversion efficiency of 25.40%, along with 97% quantum efficiency in the visible spectrum. These findings underscore the potential of oxygen-free charge transport layers to mitigate the internal oxidation of Sn, which is crucial for enhancing the stability of the cell. A comprehensive study has been conducted to highlight the role of numerical methods, particularly using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator, a one-dimensional tool, in reducing the trial-and-error process and accelerating fabrication.
Rhodium-repaired Ga-defect in GaN, exhibiting extremely strong SOF2 molecule selectivity at room temperature: A DFT study
Authors: Tan Xiangyu , Na Zhimin , Zhuo Ran , Zhou Fangrong , Wang Dibo , Zhu Longchang , Yan Yongxu
Published: October 2024

GaN is an emerging 2D material with a wide direct bandgap and high carrier concentration. By using computational methods to introduce Ga defects in GaN, we have made a structure with extremely high chemical activity. After that, Ag, Pt, and Rh are used to repair Ga defects to reasonably suppress the overactive defect sites. In this way, the Ga defect GaN repaired by metal atoms was made. We used density functional theory for dispersion correction for calculation. Specifically, the Perdew–Berke–Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation method was used. Through the analysis of geometric structure, adsorption energy, electron transfer, deformation charge density, density of states, and band structure, it was screened that Rh@GaN could effectively adsorb SOF2 (adsorption energy −0.78 eV) and be accompanied by a high electron transfer (0.186e). Finally, through the analysis of recovery time and sensitivity, it is verified that Rh@GaN can adsorb SOF2 with high selectivity at room temperature and can generate up to 191.75% response signal to SOF2.
Enhancement of FIV-based energy harvesting in bladeless wind turbines through downstream obstacle
Authors: Shahsavari Amirreza , Afsharfard Aref , Kim Kyung Chun
Published: October 2024

This study proposes a modified flow-induced vibration-based energy harvester. To accomplish this objective, a bluff body inspired by nature is complemented by a second fixed body, and its impact is examined. This research is focused on theoretical and experimental studies of approaches to increase fluid induced vibration. To do so, a comprehensive examination of the near-wake flow using particle image velocimetry is conducted. Subsequently, the electromechanical equation of motion for the vibration-based energy harvester utilizing piezoelectricity is derived. Then, a series of wind tunnel experiments are conducted to prove the positive effect of the downstream rectangular plate and its impact on the energy harvester efficiency. Results show that the proposed changes in the energy harvesting system can effectively increase the amount of produced energy. In order to improve the merging of vortices over the bluff body, the so-called nondimensional distance is defined and investigated. It has been demonstrated that utilizing the system with optimal parameters can improve the output voltage by more than 80% and consequently increase the efficiency of the system.
Development of a sustainable optimization model for planning regional wastewater systems with consideration of water quality
Authors: Alfaisal Faisal M.
Published: October 2024

This study proposes a novel optimization model for planning strategy for regional wastewater systems in conditions of water quality. The model seeks to minimize the total costs of installing, maintaining, and operating wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) locations and the operation of sewer layout. The constraints are (1) continuity constraint, (2) connectivity constraint, (3) WWTP capacity constraint, and (4) water quality constraints. The model is created by applying a 0–1 integer nonlinear programming (INLP) issue created in the general algebra modeling system. The model is applied to simple examples for validation and accuracy, and the results are discussed.
Extension of quantized-current plateaus in tunable-barrier single-electron pumps through charge screening of the electrostatic field
Authors: Kim Bum-Kyu , Ghee Young-Seok , Park Wanki , Park Suk-In , Song Jindong , Bae Myung-Ho
Published: October 2024

The quantized current steps produced by a dynamic quantum dot (QD) operated with an external rf signal follow the relation I = nef, where n is the number of electrons captured in the QD, e is the elementary charge, and f is the rf frequency, respectively. For the application of quantized current in the future current metrology, it is crucial to achieve robust operation across a sufficiently wide gate voltage range. Here, we report a method to extend the quantized current plateau by screening the electrostatic field. We observe that the nth plateau width abruptly increases when the corresponding plateau crosses a certain voltage value applied to a gate capacitively coupled to the QD system. Our analysis, which is based on the decay-cascade model, reveals that the plateau extension behavior originates from a change of the gate-coupling constant at the particular gate voltage. We propose that the change in the gate-coupling constant occurs when the top of the potential barrier under the gate is lower than the Fermi energy. This results in an accumulation of electrons above the potential barrier and an enhanced screening effect for the gate coupling.
In-homogeneous luminescent coupling of multi-junction solar cell under non-uniform irradiation and temperature distribution
Authors: Ye Shaohua , Chen Benyuan , Lv Hui , Dong Shijie , Lv Qinghua , Li Juan , Hu Yi , He Wan
Published: October 2024

The luminescent coupling effect in practical multi-junction solar cell is spatially in-homogeneous even under uniform irradiation and temperature distribution. The spacial inhomogeneity of luminescent coupling is modeled and simulated under various scenarios. Quasi three-dimensional equivalent model of tandem solar cell is extended to adapt to temperature-dependent luminescent coupling. Vertical current of each region of the cell is dominated by temperature or irradiation. In addition, the luminescent coupling current of each subcell pair is mainly regulated by the surface voltage profile of the cell. Front grids, busbars, and lateral resistance have a great impact on the luminescent coupling current. Non-uniform irradiation only affects the shape of contour lines, but the overall trend of luminescent coupling current profile remains unchanged. Moreover, when temperature distribution variance is large, some areas of the photovoltaic cell will reverse bias and convert to a load, which leads to a rather irregular distribution of luminescent coupling current.
An extended social force model for the dynamics of electric bicycles in isolated non-motorized lanes
Authors: Li Ming , Liu Jizhou
Published: October 2024

This study proposes a model for simulating the dynamics of electric bicycle flow in isolated non-motorized lanes. The model is an extension of the conventional social force model with an additional rotational degree of freedom that describes the steering angle of electric bicycles. In this model, two corrective relaxation terms are included in the driving force for the rotational degree of freedom: one on the steering angle and another on the angular velocity. Stability analysis shows that an appropriate amount of correction on the angular velocity helps to avoid oscillation and overshoots of the turning angle. The proposed model is validated both macroscopically and microscopically, and the agreement of the simulated fundamental diagram with that in the literature demonstrates the rationality of the model in characterizing the collective motions of electric bicycles. Comparison of simulated and observed trajectories confirms that the proposed model could reproduce electric bicycle motions with a certain accuracy at the microscopic level. Finally, predictions based on the validated model are provided. According to the simulation results, congestion starts to occur when the inlet flow rate of the lane reaches 1500–1750 ebike/h/m. For a mixed configuration, the maximum allowed flow rate in the lane is 2350–2400 ebike/h/m, and this value depends on the proportion of fast electric bicycles and the riding style in the flow.
Temporary sensory separation of ewes from lambs effects stress-related behaviours and hormones of Small-tailed Han ewes
Authors: Han Chengquan , Wang Yueshang , Li Min , Li Fukuan , Wang Zhennan , Yang Yan , Wang Hui , Lv Shenjin
Published: October 2024

Context Different individuals within a group can form strong links through auditory, visual, and tactile senses. Temporarily separating sheep into subflocks, although not involving complete social isolation of individuals, can be stressful, especially when ewes are separated from lambs. Aims This study aimed to explore the effects of 1-h temporary ewe–lamb sensory separations on stress-related behaviours during separation, as well as its effect on stress-related hormones of ewes. Methods Small-tailed Han ewes were randomly assigned to the following four groups (six each): the auditory + visual + tactile separation (A + V + T group), visual + tactile separation (V + T group), tactile separation (T group), and the control (C group). Then, the ewes were separated from their lambs for 1 h on Postnatal Days 14, 21, 28, 35 and 42. Ewe behaviours during the separations were observed using focal animal-sampling methods. Key results Results showed that the separated ewes (A + V + T, V + T, and T groups) spent more time looking and exploring and less time lying (P < 0.05). Ewes showed more exploring behaviour in T group (P < 0.05). Ewes that gave birth to two lambs showed more urinating behaviour (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the level of stress-related hormones in ewes among the four different separation-method groups (A + V + T, V + T, T, and C groups). Conclusions One hour ewe-lamb sensory separation affected the stress related behaviours of Small-tailed Han ewes during separation, but it did not cause differences in stress-related hormones in ewes after the separation. Ewes showed increased exploring or urinating behaviour when they were separated through lack of tactile contact only with lambs, or when ewes give birth to two lambs. Implications Ewes temporarily separated from their lambs are less stressed if they are unable to hear or see the lambs, thereby improving ewe welfare. These effects appear more pronounced in ewes with multiple lambs and provides new perspectives for further studies on the effect of litter size on ewe-lamb bonding.
SPMs exert anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects through positive allosteric modulation of the prostaglandin EP4 receptor
Authors: Alnouri Mohamad Wessam , Roquid Kenneth Anthony , Bonnavion Rémy , Cho Haaglim , Heering Jan , Kwon Jeonghyeon , Jäger Yannick , Wang ShengPeng , Günther Stefan , Wettschureck Nina , Geisslinger Gerd , Gurke Robert , Müller Christa E. , Proschak Ewgenij , Offermanns Stefan
Published: October 2024

Inflammation is a protective response to pathogens and injury. To be effective it needs to be resolved by endogenous mechanisms in order to avoid prolonged and excessive inflammation, which can become chronic. Specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) are a group of lipids derived from omega-3 fatty acids, which can induce the resolution of inflammation. How SPMs exert their anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving effects is, however, not clear. Here, we show that SPMs such as protectins, maresins, and D-series resolvins function as biased positive allosteric modulators (PAM) of the prostaglandin E
2
(PGE
2
) receptor EP4 through an intracellular binding site. They increase PGE
2
-induced G
s
-mediated formation of cAMP and thereby promote anti-inflammatory signaling of EP4. In addition, SPMs endow the endogenous EP4 receptor on macrophages with the ability to couple to G
i
-type G-proteins, which converts the EP4 receptor on macrophages from an anti-phagocytotic receptor to one increasing phagocytosis, a central mechanism of the pro-resolving activity of synthetic SPMs. In the absence of the EP4 receptor, SPMs lose their anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving activity in vitro and in vivo. Our findings reveal an unusual mechanism of allosteric receptor modulation by lipids and provide a mechanism by which synthetic SPMs exert pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory effects, which may facilitate approaches to treat inflammation.
Introduction
Authors: Michelson Kristen , Thoms Joshua J.
Published: October 2024

Over the last decade, the fields of applied linguistics and second
language education have seen a renewed interest in socially oriented
perspectives on second language (L2) learning and teaching (Dubreil & Thorne, 2017; Paesani, Allen, & Dupuy, 2016;
Warner & Michelson, 2018). Similarly, researchers working in the field
of computer assisted language learning have increasingly examined
digitally-mediated communication and collaborative online learning with
respect to language and literacy development (e.g., Kern, 2021;
González-Lloret, 2020) given the ubiquitous nature of technological tools in
the social and academic lives of students at all levels of education.
Traditional notions of literacy continue to be re-conceptualized due to the
myriad ways in which texts are produced, accessed, and interpreted. The
aforementioned changes have had significant impacts on L2 reading as
technologies such as digital annotation tools have afforded students and
teachers to re-envision L2 reading as a more social/collaborative activity.
This introductory chapter therefore begins with definitions of some key
terms and a brief overview of empirical work related to digital social
reading (DSR) in L2 learning and teaching contexts carried out over the last
decade. Next, we include information about the theoretical perspectives that
frame the work included in the book. We then provide a brief summary of each
chapter.
Critical historical literacy in world languages through digital
social reading
Authors: Lynn Claudia Baska , Sayılı-Hurley Sibel
Published: October 2024

This exploratory study reports on digital social reading
(DSR) interactions in an advanced collegiate German course. Using a
stancetaking perspective, we examine how learners linguistically
conceptualize, discuss, and draw on historical thinking strategies
of continuity and change to evaluate historical, social, and
cultural patterns in texts and how their interactions mediate
peer-to-peer learning. Preliminary findings suggest that DSR can
mediate peer-to-peer interaction in a critical content-based course.
We conclude with suggestions for future research and teaching. The
results of this study indicate that an interactional analysis of
stancetaking can help researchers and instructors understand how
such peer-to-peer mediation of disciplinary language and thinking
approaches emerges in DSR.
Incorporating mindfulness into multiliteracies pedagogy
Authors: Blyth Carl
Published: October 2024

This chapter describes the distinctive state of mind of
Mindfulness (also referred to as Contemplation)
and argues for its inclusion in Multiliteracies pedagogy (Cope & Kalantzis, 2015).
Contemplative literacy practices encourage
instructors and learners to focus on the present moment, thereby
deepening our understanding of reading and writing as processes.
More specifically, the chapter reports on a Multiliteracies-inspired
college-level course entitled “Narrating the Multilingual Self”
during which L2 learners of French were guided to tell their
“multilingual life story” (Edwards, 2019). Based on the premise that learners
become the autobiographical narratives they construct about
themselves, the course explored the diverse, intersectional
experiences of French-speaking multilinguals. Following Barbezat and Bush (2014),
contemplative reading and writing activities were employed to
heighten the learners’ awareness of their own multilingual
subjectivities and identities. In contrast to traditional digital
social reading (DSR) assignments, contemplative forms of literacy
oblige learners to “slow things down” by annotating, reading aloud
and reflecting on the meanings and feelings engendered by texts.
Similarly, contemplative digital writing (DSW) activities include
freewriting, journaling, and annotating to promote greater
self-awareness of meaning-making as a personal, creative act.
Addressing text difficulty in novice L2 digital social
reading
Authors: Law James , Barny David , Dorsey Rachel
Published: October 2024

Data from L2 digital social reading (DSR) can reveal
textual features that increase literary discussion, with text
difficulty shown to be a key inhibiting factor. Using DSR, 200
beginning university French students annotated lyrics to six songs
of varying difficulty, with words beyond students’ expected
proficiency levels glossed in English. No inverse relationship was
found between four measures of text difficulty and the use of
literary affordances, suggesting that glossing effectively allows
beginning French learners to engage in literary discussion of texts
through DSR beyond their current proficiency level. Analysis of
other textual features leads to recommendations that teachers of
beginning L2 learners hoping to maximize literary discussion should
prioritize multimedia texts with cultural specificity and should
embrace texts of higher difficulty provided that glosses are added
as needed.
Developing digital social reading in source‑based writing
Authors: Karagöz Inanç , Liontas John I.
Published: October 2024

This chapter introduces eight digital social reading tasks
to facilitate second language source-based reading and writing
(Hirvela & Du,
2013): noticing grammatical structures, applying
vocabulary glossing, instigating conversations on reading content,
engaging critical thinking on arguments, making inferences,
dissecting model texts, reconstructing ideas, and crafting
source-based writing. They aim to support learners in acquiring
grammatical forms and vocabulary for writing, constructing topical
knowledge, and transforming reading-derived knowledge into writing.
The tasks are divided into three phases of increasing complexity,
which serve as support mechanisms and formative assessment points.
Sample prompts are provided for each phase to guide students in
showcasing their thinking on the source texts.
Conclusion
Authors: Michelson Kristen
Published: October 2024

In this chapter, I present an overview of where we
currently sit with respect to research in digital social reading (DSR) in
L2 contexts by providing a critical synthesis of the findings and
implications of the chapters in this collection and making a case
for future research areas around DSR. Next, I offer an overview of
technical and pedagogical considerations practitioners might wish to
make when selecting a DAT for integrating DSR activities into L2
teaching and learning. Technical issues such as cost and
accessibility, privacy and visibility, text types supported, and
user experience are discussed, followed by pedagogical
considerations for optimally matching texts, tools, and techniques.
Finally, I showcase several methods and techniques from
multiliteracies pedagogies, demonstrating their compatibility with
DSR.
Plural conversations about argumentation
Authors: Todorovic Natalija , Lepori Benedetto , Rocci Andrea
Published: October 2024

Argumentation studies are an area of inquiry with important interdisciplinary appeal. As such, the word
argumentation is used in communities with diverse perspectives and approaches. In this work we apply bibliometric and corpus
analysis to identify the semantic content of the “scientific conversations” about argumentation on dataset containing 10,000
scientific publications. We focus on outlets of publication of those documents to map the cognitive structure of the field and
use results as a seed for a linguistic analysis of discourse about argumentation in full-text documents’ relevant for each
cluster. Our findings show a small common core, which however branches into distinct discussions about argumentation.
Understanding these points of connection and separation is important for the field and for science in general, as they
highlight mechanisms of interdisciplinarity and reveal possibilities for future interactions and developments.
Establishing starting points in Editorials
Authors: Degano Chiara
Published: October 2024

If argumentation has to have a chance of success in solving a difference of opinion, there must be a common ground
between the participants, i.e. one or more objects of agreement between the parties, which can be exploited argumentatively.
This chapter focuses on how starting points are established in editorials and comments, taking as a case study a corpus of UK
newspaper articles on populism in the context of the 2016 referendum on Brexit.

The results suggest that starting points are discursively constructed either with a bona-fide intent of signalling
that the receiver should accept a proposition as a starting point, or the non-bona fide purpose of mocking those who would
subscribe to a given proposition. In either case, the ratified addressee typically belongs to the writer’s ‘party’, thus
confirming editorials as a genre with a strong epideictic component.
Arguments and framing strategies in Italian public discourse about measures to contrast the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Bigi Sarah , Grata Giulia , Mosconi Paola
Published: October 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic has been described as a creeping crisis, which is a kind of crisis that
develops slowly, threatens common values, and is partially or insufficiently addressed by authorities. In order for an event
to appear as a “creeping crisis” citizens have to agree that it threatens common and core values. Only when this happens, a
response can be organized. This study reports on arguments and framing strategies used by policy makers in Italy to define the
virus and thus justify the restrictive measures meant to stop it. Attempts to persuade the population to adopt restrictive
measures during the pandemic relied on pragmatic argumentation, in which values such as ‘life’, ‘health’ and ‘essential’
played a significant role.
Press releases of COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers
Authors: Nikitina Jekaterina
Published: October 2024

Press releases dedicated to the creation of a new vaccine draw on a complex weave of information and promotion,
including at times also elements of manipulation. This discourse-analytical study explores the recurrent motifs and arguments
in a corpus of English-language press releases of three leading vaccine-manufacturers – AstraZeneca, Moderna and Gamaleya-RDIF
in the period directly preceding the launch of active vaccination campaigns. The study applies the framework of (critical)
discourse analysis with insights from argumentation theory and rhetoric. Two moves of the press release are compared:
boilerplate descriptions, performing a mixed informative-promotional function, and citations, to which an explicitly
promotional role is attributed. The findings identify a number of common leitmotifs with a partial overlap between
boilerplates and citations, especially concerning the safety issue. The latter is explicitly mentioned only in citations, i.e.
with reduced accountability for the company. Boilerplates explore enthymemes for persuasive and argumentative purposes to
convince the audience of the vaccine validity. Moderna and AstraZeneca use convergent techniques of persuasive argumentation,
whereas RDIF at times glides towards argumentative fallacies and manipulative strategies.
Argumentation and the “interaction of minds” in text
Authors: Tucker Paul
Published: October 2024

Whereas current theories stress argumentation’s interactional character and function, this chapter emphasizes its
cognitive motivation and textual realization. Text itself will be understood as the record of a course of verbally mediated
and interactionally negotiated cognitive explication, focused on some individual entity and progressively elaborated through
the intertwining of two orders of speech act – one pragmatically endowing propositions with illocutionary force
and cognitive intent, the other positing certain logico-rhetorical relations between them and thereby
binding them into discursive coherence. The chapter will concentrate on discourse on visual art, as text typically aiming to
explicate individual artworks or collections of such. Examples in English, Italian and French dating from the seventeenth
century to the present will show how the same cognitive and communicative strategies are played out in different languages and
periods.
Engaging conspiracy theories
Authors: Werner Tom
Published: October 2024

To encounter a conspiracy theory is to enter a dark world where normal rules do not apply. To reason with an
upholder of that theory is to come against a force-field which intensifies at every push, rendering ordinary persuasive
strategies counter-productive. In place of such strategies, I appeal to the underlying linguistic structure of moves in a
language game as providing a way out from the closed system of a conspiracy theory. This approach constitutes an application
of what may be called practical linguistics.
New approaches to investigating change in derivational productivity
Authors: Säily Tanja , Hilpert Martin , Suomela Jukka
Published: October 2024

We study the productivity of the suffixes ‑ness and ‑ity in seventeenth‑
and eighteenth-century letters in the Corpora of Early English Correspondence. We analyze the role of
gender and five internal factors: etymology, the word class of the base, branching structure, semantics, and
occurrence in possessive constructions. We develop statistical and visual methods that facilitate diachronic
comparisons within factors and between competing suffixes; our basic measure is the proportion of types of interest
out of all relevant types, and we utilize permutation testing to assess the statistical significance of our findings.
Our results support and refine the earlier finding of a male-led increase in the productivity of ‑ity
and provide new information on the interplay of gender and internal factors.
Establishing a ‘new normal’
Authors: Gee Matt , Kehoe Andrew , Renouf Antoinette
Published: October 2024

In this chapter we introduce statistical methods and associated visualisations for the analysis of lexical
change on a monthly basis in a 1.8-billion word news corpus spanning over 30 years. In previous work (Kehoe et al. 2022) we found examples of word frequency change in a data-driven
manner by applying existing statistical tests. An ongoing limitation is that, as our diachronic corpus grows, so too
does the possibility of a word exhibiting multiple frequency changes in different directions. This chapter reframes
the problem as one of time-series segmentation, dividing the frequency history of a word into timespans exhibiting
consistent upward or downward change. We then determine reasons for such changes by applying horizon graph
visualisations to collocates.
Syntactic segmentation of spoken corpus data
Authors: McClellan Karin , Kircili Kathrin , Götz Sandra
Published: October 2024

Most corpus-based syntactic segmentation schemes rely on transcriptions alone, which can lead to
segmentation difficulties, especially when analyzing spontaneous conversations. We therefore suggest an approach to
segmentation that complements syntactic segmentation techniques with prosodic analyses and describe correspondences in
syntactic and prosodic segmentation as well as the exact syntactic contexts in which prosodic analyses are necessary
to avoid ambiguities and potential inaccuracies. Using 10 recordings from the Louvain Corpus of Native English
Conversation, utterances are independently and manually segmented and annotated for various linguistic
variables. While the results of our analyses indicate a considerable overlap of intermediate phrases and clausal
units, we also showcase syntactic contexts where prosody is needed for disambiguation (e.g. monologs, discourse
markers, dysfluencies, and adverbials).
Trauma History in a Medium-Secure Adult Male Forensic Mental Health Setting
Authors: Jeffery Grace , Alves-Costa Filipa , Livanou Maria
Published: October 2024

Forensic services have shifted their focus to the importance of forensic practice becoming more trauma informed. Trauma exposure is pervasive in forensic mental health populations and has been found to negatively impact the course of severe mental illness (SMI) and increase risk of violence. This study aimed to explore the trauma histories of adult male inpatients in a medium-secure psychiatric hospital, and examine childhood and adulthood trauma as predictors of diagnoses, self-harm, suicidality, hospital re-admissions, substance use, and nature of offense. The case files of 85 male patients in a medium secure unit in the UK were reviewed. Eighty-seven percent of patients had a schizophrenia diagnosis and 86% had extensive trauma histories, the most common trauma type being physical violence in childhood (44.7%). One patient had a PTSD diagnosis. Logistic regressions demonstrated that cumulative childhood and adulthood trauma significantly increased the odds of self-harm. Cumulative childhood trauma exposure was found to decrease the likelihood of having a schizophrenia diagnosis. There is a serious under-recognition of the extent and consequences of trauma exposure; trauma histories are likely greater than the findings of this study and existing literature suggests. Implications for clinical practice, trauma-informed care (TiC), and future research are proposed.
Low shear-induced fibrillar fibronectin: comparative analyses of morphologies and cellular effects on bovine aortic endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation
Authors: Mai-Thi Hoang-Nghi , Nguyen Dang Phu-Hai , Le Phong , Tran Ngoc Quyen , Tran Cam Tu , Stoldt Volker R , Huynh Khon
Published: October 2024

Wall shear stress (WSS) is a critical factor in vascular biology, and both high and low WSS are implicated in atherosclerosis. Fibronectin (FN) is a key extracellular matrix protein that plays an important role in cell activities. Under high shear stress, plasma FN undergoes fibrillogenesis; however, its behavior under low shear stress remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the formation of in vitro cell-free fibrillar FN (FFN) under low shear rate conditions and its effect on bovine aortic endothelial cell behavior. FN (500 µg ml−1) was perfused through slide chambers at three flow rates (0.16 ml h−1, 0.25 ml h−1, and 0.48 ml h−1), corresponding to low shear rates of 0.35 s−1, 0.55 s−1, and 1.05 s−1, respectively, for 4 h at room temperature. The formed FN matrices were observed using fluorescence microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Under low shear rates, distinct FN matrix structures were observed. FFN0.48 formed immense fibrils with smooth surfaces, FFN0.25 formed a matrix with a rough surface, and FFN16 exhibited nodular structures. FFN0.25 supported cell activities to a greater extent than native FN and other FFN surfaces. Our study suggests that abnormally low shear conditions impact FN structure and function and enhance the understanding of FN fibrillogenesis in vascular biology, particularly in atherosclerosis.
Theoretical analysis of neutron spectra measurement with SiC detectors using a machine learning technique
Authors: Belfiore E. , Antoni R. , Ben Mosbah M. , Allinei P-G. , Tisseur D. , Llido O. , Groetz J-E.
Published: October 2024

Detecting neutrons is crucial for various nuclear
applications. Currently, there exists a technology gap in detecting
fast neutrons under high-flux conditions, primarily due to some
limitations solid detectors face in supporting high flux. Addressing
these challenges requires a balanced approach that combines a
detector capable of providing exploitable signals with an effective
method for reconstructing the neutron spectrum. This work explores
the potential of utilizing machine learning techniques to address
this gap by determining neutron spectra using SiC detectors. The
machine learning algorithm described in this paper has been tested
on measured spectra stored in the IAEA Compendium database. The
outcomes of this theoretical study demonstrate the feasibility of
the proposed approach in determining neutron spectra from various
neutron sources. However, experimental validation is necessary to
fully validate the methodology and ensure its applicability in
practical settings.