bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gute Umweltkommunikation aus Bürgersicht. Ein Citizen-Science-Ansatz in der Rezipierendenforschung zur Entwicklung von Qualitätskriterien
Authors: Rögener Wiebke , Wormer Holger
Published: November 2020

Am Beispiel des Umweltjournalismus wird die Frage untersucht, inwieweit ein Citizen-Science-Ansatz Impulse für die Entwicklung neuer methodischer Herangehensweisen in der Qualitäts- und Rezipierendenforschung geben kann. Konkret soll in explorativer Form der Frage nachgegangen werden, welche Qualitätsansprüche Laien an bestimmte Formen der Wissenschaftskommunikation stellen. Die Teilnehmenden werden dazu nicht bloß als Mediennutzerinnen und -nutzer befragt, sondern entwickeln im Sinne eines „Collaborative Project“ selbst das Instrumentarium mit, anhand dessen sie die Qualität von Medienbeiträgen und Pressemitteilungen zu Umweltthemen aus Laienperspektive bewerten. Die Frage, was aus Sicht der Rezipierenden Qualität im Wissenschaftsjournalismus ausmacht, ist von zentraler Bedeutung, wenn dieser sein Publikum erreichen will. Themen aus der Umweltforschung sind als Beispieldisziplin für die Wissenschaftskommunikation geeignet, da sie einen erheblichen Teil der journalistischen Wissenschaftsberichterstattung sowie der Wissenschafts-PR ausmachen und viele Bürgerinnen und Bürger betreffen. Der Ansatz erscheint vielversprechend, um erste Antworten auf Qualitätsfragen aus Sicht der Rezipierenden und Anregungen zur künftigen Methodenentwicklung zu erhalten. Für die Praxis der institutionellen Wissenschaftskommunikation und des Journalismus werden - auch im Sinne eines „public engagement with sciene“ - Wege aufgezeigt, wie eine stärkere Partizipation von Nutzerinnen und Nutzern an der Qualitätsbewertung von Medieninhalten mit Wissenschaftsbezug ermöglicht werden könnte.
An Epidemiological Study of Traumatic Spinal Injuries in Iranian Patients from 2007 to 2017
Authors: Saatian Mohamadreza , Kasiri Nayereh , Mohamadi Younes , Sangestani Sajjad , Abdoli Ali , Mazloumi Ehsan
Published: November 2020

Background: Traumatic spinal cord injuries (TSCIs) cause numerous adverse effects on spinal cord and neural tissues. These injuries may have negative effects on physical and psychological health during lifetime. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of TSCI in patients with trauma admitted to Beasat hospital of Hamadan between 2007 and 2017. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3219 patients with traumatic spinal injuries admitted to Beasat Hospital of Hamadan between 2007 and 2017. Data were collected from hospital information system. Data analysis was performed using SPSS. Quantitative data were expressed as mean, standard deviation, and frequency; and qualitative data were analyzed using chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. The significance level was considered to be less than 0.05. Results: Mortality was significantly associated with gender (P=0.001), age (P=0.051), external causes (P=0.001), and type of injury (P=0.001). Length of hospital stay was significantly associated with type of injury (P=0.001) and external causes (P=0.001), whereas there was no significant relationship between length of hospital stay and gender, age, and surgery (P>0.0.05). Conclusion: Mortality rates were highest at the age of 55 years and over compared with other age groups. Thus, effective intervention and programs should be implemented for this age group.
Quadriplegia as a Rare Complication of Black Widow Spider Envenomation
Authors: Dadpour Bita , Ghodsi Alireza , Farham Helia
Published: November 2020

Background: Latrodectus tredecimguttatus, generally known as black widow spider (BWS), bite can cause a variety of symptoms including muscular spasm, back pain, abdominal pain, severe sweating, and shivering. The bite brings weakness too; however, quadriplegia has not been mentioned in the literature. Case Presentation: Here, we present a 42-year-old male case with BWS bite who developed muscle weakness and paralysis in the four limbs. The patient needed mechanical ventilation. Nerve conduction velocity reported myopathy in the patient. The patient could eventually walk after 45 days of supportive treatment. Conclusion: It can be hypothesized that quadriplegia may happen due to the vast acetylcholine depletion.
Reconhecendo gêneros, desconstruindo poderes: a literatura como transgressão verbal
Authors: Cavalcanti Vanessa Ribeiro Simon , Silva Antonio Carlos da
Published: November 2020

Tendo a escritura literária como recurso e fonte, o presente artigo delineia questões sobre gênero e poder, observando o estilo ensaístico e uma abordagem a partir da Teoria Crítica, com foco na produção feminista alemã e norte-americana contemporânea. Dentro de um contexto paradoxal, pensar e produzir expressões que enfatizam a necessária construção de solidariedades e lutas comuns contra o patriarcado, o colonialismo e o capitalismo, tanto o acervo clássico quanto contemporâneo trazem matéria-prima e fontes históricas – escritas – para compreender as ontologias do poder e o reconhecimento da categoria gênero. Desse modo, a metodologia delineada é de caráter qualitativo, com base documental em obras literárias que retrataram formas de transgressão (aos papéis e funções vinculadas às mulheres e à vida privada e doméstico-familiar) e mirada crítico-cultural. A aproximação com epistemologias feministas e produção historiográfica contemporânea permitiram descritivo histórico, mas especialmente fundamentos teóricos de interpretação para uma abordagem ética, inclusiva, justa.
La Legión Cóndor y la política exterior de la República de Bonn: relaciones germano-españolas durante el período de posguerra
Authors: Hennigfeld Ursula
Published: November 2020

El artículo enfoca los vínculos entre España y Alemania durante la Guerra Civil y en la posguerra: después de un breve resumen de la intervención de la Alemania nazi en la Guerra Civil, se iluminan los nexos entre la Legión Cóndor y la ciudad alemana de Düsseldorf a través de cinco personas (W. Beumelburg, W. Bodden, J. von Richthofen, H. Schweizer y H.-J. Herrmann). La tercera parte, dedicada a la política exterior de la República de Bonn en relación con España, demuestra que se recurre a todo tipo de contactos de la época del Tercer Reich, tanto a nivel diplomático como económico o militar.
To the question of administrative legal regulation of carsharing and implementation of the federal state monitoring in the area of ensuring road traffic safety to the parties involved
Authors: Bylinin Igor Aleksandrovich
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research is the normative legal acts that regulating responsibility for failure to comply with statutory requirements on ensuring road traffic safety in the context of short-term car rentals, law enforcement practice, statistical analysis of traffic accidents involving the vehicles provided by carsharing companies, as well as terms for their provision. The object of this research is the social relations emerging in the context of short-term car rentals owned by legal entities and individual entrepreneurs. The goal of this work consist in the attempt to improve the administrative legislation on bringing to responsibility legal entities and individual entrepreneurs who provide short-term rental services to citizens. The scientific novelty lies in legal regulation of the definition of “carsharing” on the level of federal legislation, as well as in amendments to the terms of the contract that would eliminate inconsistency of case law with regards to civil law relations and bringing to administrative responsibility of the persons who fail to comply with statutory requirements on ensuring road traffic safety. The proposed by the author concept of “carsharing” would allow imposition of obligations upon the leaseholders on compliance with road traffic safety requirements placed on the legal entities and individual entrepreneurs while operating a vehicle in accordance with the Federal Law No. 196-FZ of 12.10.1995 "On Road Traffic Safety".
The peculiarities of international and Russian taxation of foreign organizations operating through permanent representation
Authors: Yakovlev Pavel Igorevich
Published: November 2020

The subject of this research is the taxation of permanent representations of foreign organizations. The object of this research is permanent representations of foreign organizations. The author explores such aspects of the topic as prevention of tax base erosion, modernization of international tax relations, impact of international tax agreements upon the taxation legislation of the Russian Federation with regards to corporate income tax and transfer of expenditure by head organization to the permanent representation. Analysis is conducted on the problematic of Russian taxation of the permanent representations of foreign organizations, with consideration of the accepted international tax standards. The article examines the promptness and factors of implementation of new tax measures aimed at countering tax evasion. The scientific novelty is substantiated by the usage of permanent representations by Russian and foreign companies, remained problematic of their taxation in the Russian tax jurisdiction, flaws in the current tax norms, as well as the impact of international tax agreements upon Russian tax normative document. The main conclusions contain recommendations on modernization of the existing in Russia tax rules in the context of determination of the tax base and application of the “principle of gravity”, increase of accuracy in determination of the actual results of activity of the permanent representations for improving efficiency and achieving balanced level of taxation of the permanent representations, which also function within the framework of a single technological process.
When emotions cannot be expressed: pragmatic analysis of the cases of alexithymia in English-language prose
Authors: Zhgun Daria
Published: November 2020

This article is focuses on the cases of alexithymia, which are analyzed for the purpose of revealing their pragmatic capacity in fiction literature. Alexithymia is viewed from the perspective of linguistics, and is defined as the difficulty or inability to verbally express emotions verbally. Emotions, in turn, are considered as social phenomenon that manifests in the communicative situation. The goal consists in examination of emotions in a new perspective. Research methodology is comprised of definitional, semantic, and pragmatic analysis of emotional and evaluative utterances that reflect and implicate alexithymia, selected by the method of continuous sampling from the English-language literary texts. For the first time, alexithymia is viewed not as mental deviation or disorder, but as a linguistic attempt of the author to exert and increase pragmatic effect on the audience by explication or implication of the additional, hidden information and emotional evaluative meanings. The conclusion is made that inability to convey emotional state linguistically is often used an implication technique in fiction literature. Emotions, however, can be detected despite their linguistic inexpressiveness. In the course of this research, the author determines that namely context helps to understand the emotion, its intensity, polarity, and pragmatic capacity.
Excited state proton transfer processes of pyranine studied by femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy
Authors: Wang Zi-Yu , Wei Jing-Le , Xu Wen-Qi , Jiang Jia-Ming , Huang Yi-Fan , Liu Wei-Min ,   School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
Published: November 2020

As one of the most fundamental processes, proton transfer reaction plays an important role in chemical and biological process, and to reveal the choreography of the proton motion intra- and intermolecularly, a spectroscopic technique capable of capturing molecular structural dynamics of excited-state proton transfer motions on an intrinsic time scale is needed. In this study, We utilize wavelength-tunable femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy with a time resolution of ~100 fs, spectral resolution of 15 cm–1 and spectral range of 400 cm–1—1800 cm–1, combined with traditional transient absorption spectroscopywith a time window between 0 and 600 ps to simultaneously achieve reaction dynamics for transient reactant and product of the photoacid pyranine (8-hydroxypyrene1, 3, 6-trisulfonic acid, HPTS) molecules undergoing excited-state proton transfer reaction in complex with water and acetate molecules. Marker bands attributed to the deprotonated form of HPTS in a frequency range from 400 cm–1 to 1700 cm–1 are obtained under the excitation of 400 nm laser pulses. The marker band at 1516 cm–1, which is assigned to phenolic ring carbon carbon double band stretching accompanied with carbon hydrogen in-plane rocking motions, exhibits complex rise and decay dynamics. The simultaneously observed excited-state Raman mode at 920 cm–1 which is assigned to the excited carbon-carbon single bond stretch mode in the protonated acetic acid root molecule, helps us to clearly resolve the reaction rates of excited-state proton transfer. Based on the multi-exponential fitting results, the dynamics of excited-state Raman mode at 920 cm–1 exhibits bi-exponential processes with time constants of ~470 fs and ~3 ps. The ultrafast time component indicates that the excited-state proton transfer originates from an HPTS-acetate complex, indicating that part of the ground-state HPTS molecules are in the “tight” hydrogen bonding configuration that can quickly shift the excited-state proton charge toward the acetate acceptor molecule through a direct hydrogen bond. The second slower time component implies a significant subpopulation of HPTS in the ground state, i.e. hydrogen bonds to an acetate ion via an intervening water molecule, and upon photo excitation, the proton transfers to the water solvent before proton is picked up by the acetate ion.
A novel wideband absorptive frequency selective surface based on circuit analog absorber
Authors: Zhao Yu-Ting , Li Ying-Song , Yang Guo-Hui ,   College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China,   School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a single polarized absorptive frequency selective surface (AFSS) with ultra-wide transmission band and broad absorption band has been proposed numerically and experimentally. Based on the principle of circuit analog absorber (CAA), the proposed wideband AFSS is realized via replacing the ground plane with a band-stop frequency selective sturcture. The proposed AFSS is finally a hybrid structure composed of a wideband lossy frequency selective surface (FSS) in the top and a 3D band-stop frequency selective structure in the bottom. The wideband lossy FSS with thinner profile in the top is realized by utilizing a low pass capasitive elements to compensate the equivalent load inductance arising from the air space that is less than quarter wavelength installing between FSS and ground plane, and the low pass capactive lossy FSS is synthesized using “Gong”-shaped patterns with lumped resistors. Meanwhile, the unit cell of 3D frequency selective structure consists of two electrical coupling C-shaped patterns is investigated to achieve a wide stop band with high selectivity, which can be equivalent to the ground plane in the absorption band. By cascading the wideband lossy FSS and the 3D band-stop frequency selective structure, a thinner hybrid AFSS is presented with ultra-wide transmission band and broad absorption band. The results obtained from simulation shown that an absorption band with absorptivity above 90% is obtained from 6.6 to 11.6 GHz, and the 1 dB transmisson band is from 1 to 3.5 GHz with minimum insertion loss of 0.21 dB. Moreover, the performance can be guaranteed for TE-polarized oblique incidence up to 30°. Finally, a prototype is fabricated to validate its performance, the measured results shown that the 1 dB transmission band ranges from 1 to 3.5 GHz, and the absorption band is operating from 6.3 to 11 GHz at normal TE-polarized incidence. A good agreement between the experiment and simulation results is achieved, which verifies the effectiveness of the design.
Neutron-induced displacement damage effect and mechanism of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor
Authors: Hao Rui-Jing , Guo Hong-Xia , Pan Xiao-Yu , Lü Ling , Lei Zhi-Feng , Li Bo , Zhong Xiang-Li , Ouyang Xiao-Ping , Dong Shi-Jian ,   School of Material Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China,   Science and Technology on Reliability Physics and Application of Electronic Component Laboratory, China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute, Guangzhou 510610, China,   Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China,   Key Lab of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Material and Devices, School of Microelectronics, Xi’an University, Xi’an 710071, China
Published: November 2020

In this paper, neutron-induced displacement damage effects of AlGaN/GaN High electron mobility ransistor (HEMT) device and heterostructure on the Xi’an pulse reactor are studied. The equivalent 1 MeV neutron fluence is 1 × 1014 n/cm2. The direct-current characteristics and low frequency noise characteristics of the HEMT deviceare used to characterize the performances before and after being irradiated by the neutrons, and then the experimental results are analyzed theoretically. The analysis results showed that the displacement damage effect caused by the neutron irradiation will introduce the bulk defects into the device. The bulk defects at the channel cause the electrical performance of the device to degrade through trapping electrons and scattering electrons, which are mainly manifested as the drift of positive threshold voltage, the decrease of output saturation drain current, and the increase of gate leakage current. In order to further confirm the effect of neutron irradiation on the defect density of the device, we implement the low-frequency noise test and the calculation of the device, and the results show that the defect density at the channel of the device increases from 1.78 × 1012 cm–3·eV–1 to 1.66 × 1014 cm–3·eV–1, which is consistent with the results of the electrical characteristics test, indicating that the new defects introduced by neutron irradiation do degrade the electrical performance of the device. At the same time, the capacitor-voltage test is also carried out to analyze the Schottky heterojunctions before and after neutron irradiation. It is found that the channel carrier concentration is significantly reduced after irradiation, and the flat band voltage also drifts positively. The analysis shows that after irradiating the device with neutrons, a large number of defects will be generated in the channel, and these defects will affect the concentration and mobility of the channel carriers, which in turn will influence the electrical performance of the device. These experimental results can be used for designing the AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor for radiationhard reinforcement.
Spatially compartmentalized phase regulation of a Ca2+-cAMP-PKA oscillatory circuit
Authors: Tenner Brian , Getz Michael , Ross Brian , Ohadi Donya , Bohrer Christopher H , Greenwald Eric , Mehta Sohum , Xiao Jie , Rangamani Padmini , Zhang Jin
Published: November 2020

Signaling networks are spatiotemporally organized to sense diverse inputs, process information, and carry out specific cellular tasks. In β cells, Ca2+, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and Protein Kinase A (PKA) exist in an oscillatory circuit characterized by a high degree of feedback. Here, we describe a mode of regulation within this circuit involving a spatial dependence of the relative phase between cAMP, PKA, and Ca2+. We show that in mouse MIN6 β cells, nanodomain clustering of Ca2+-sensitive adenylyl cyclases (ACs) drives oscillations of local cAMP levels to be precisely in-phase with Ca2+ oscillations, whereas Ca2+-sensitive phosphodiesterases maintain out-of-phase oscillations outside of the nanodomain. Disruption of this precise phase relationship perturbs Ca2+ oscillations, suggesting the relative phase within an oscillatory circuit can encode specific functional information. This work unveils a novel mechanism of cAMP compartmentation utilized for localized tuning of an oscillatory circuit and has broad implications for the spatiotemporal regulation of signaling networks.
Rho1 activation recapitulates early gastrulation events in the ventral, but not dorsal, epithelium of Drosophila embryos
Authors: Rich Ashley , Fehon Richard G , Glotzer Michael
Published: November 2020

Ventral furrow formation, the first step inDrosophilagastrulation, is a well-studied example of tissue morphogenesis. Rho1 is highly active in a subset of ventral cells and is required for this morphogenetic event. However, it is unclear whether spatially patterned Rho1 activity alone is sufficient to recapitulate all aspects of this morphogenetic event, including anisotropic apical constriction and coordinated cell movements. Here, using an optogenetic probe that rapidly and robustly activates Rho1 inDrosophilatissues, we show that Rho1 activity induces ectopic deformations in the dorsal and ventral epithelia ofDrosophilaembryos. These perturbations reveal substantial differences in how ventral and dorsal cells, both within and outside the zone of Rho1 activation, respond to spatially and temporally identical patterns of Rho1 activation. Our results demonstrate that an asymmetric zone of Rho1 activity is not sufficient to recapitulate ventral furrow formation and reveal that additional, ventral-specific factors contribute to the cell- and tissue-level behaviors that emerge during ventral furrow formation.
Sexual dimorphism in trait variability and its eco-evolutionary and statistical implications
Authors: Zajitschek Susanne RK , Zajitschek Felix , Bonduriansky Russell , Brooks Robert C , Cornwell Will , Falster Daniel S , Lagisz Malgorzata , Mason Jeremy , Senior Alistair M , Noble Daniel WA , Nakagawa Shinichi
Published: November 2020

Biomedical and clinical sciences are experiencing a renewed interest in the fact that males and females differ in many anatomic, physiological, and behavioural traits. Sex differences in trait variability, however, are yet to receive similar recognition. In medical science, mammalian females are assumed to have higher trait variability due to estrous cycles (the ‘estrus-mediated variability hypothesis’); historically in biomedical research, females have been excluded for this reason. Contrastingly, evolutionary theory and associated data support the ‘greater male variability hypothesis’. Here, we test these competing hypotheses in 218 traits measured in >26,900 mice, using meta-analysis methods. Neither hypothesis could universally explain patterns in trait variability. Sex bias in variability was trait-dependent. While greater male variability was found in morphological traits, females were much more variable in immunological traits. Sex-specific variability has eco-evolutionary ramifications, including sex-dependent responses to climate change, as well as statistical implications including power analysis considering sex difference in variance.
Third molar agenesis in modern humans with and without agenesis of other teeth
Authors: Scheiwiller Maya , Oeschger Elias S. , Gkantidis Nikolaos
Published: November 2020

Background

The number of teeth in the human dentition is of interest both from developmental and evolutionary aspects. The present case-control study focused on the formation of third molars in modern humans aiming to shed more light on the most variable tooth class in the dentition.

Materials and Methods

For this reason, we investigated third molar formation in a sample of 303 individuals with agenesis of teeth other than third molars (agenesis group) and compared it to a sex and age matched control group of 303 individuals without agenesis of teeth other than third molars.

Results

The prevalence of third molar agenesis in the agenesis group was 50.8%, which is significantly higher than the 20.5% in the control group (p < 0.001). The chance of a missing third molar in the agenesis group was increased by 38.3% (p < 0.001), after controlling for the agenesis in other teeth factor. When considering the amount of missing third molars per individual, a clear tendency towards more missing third molars was evident in the agenesis group compared to the control group. The frequency of bilaterally missing third molars in the agenesis group was 29% in the maxilla, as well as in the mandible, which is about three times higher than the frequency of unilaterally missing third molars (p < 0.001). In the control group, bilaterally missing third molars occurred in 8.6% in the maxilla and 8.9% in the mandible.

Conclusion

The present results indicate that genetic factors involved in tooth agenesis affect also the dentition as a whole. Furthermore, the third molars are more vulnerable to factors involved in agenesis of other teeth and they are more often affected as a whole. These findings seem to be associated with the evolutionary trend in humans towards reduced molar number.
Refutation of the Quantum Theory Principles: Theorem
Authors: Shapiro V. E.
Published: November 2020

The theorem presented challenges the quantum mechanics and its relativistic theory generally posited as an ultimate unifying guideline of nature in fundamental and applied matters, refutes this theory, any bridges from it to the realm. We build the evidence on the rigorous statistical criteriaand arguments of compatibility at the interfaces not adduced previously against the theory. It calls in question the Born rule, particle-wave doublethink, probability sense of the quantum theory, any bridges from the theory to both Lagrangian and nonholonomic mechanics. The argumentation given to the matter of ambient noise impact at the interfaces by meaningful statistical methods paves the way towards the correct principles of causality, connectedness, robustness .
Mental time travel into the episodic future, episodic past, and episodic counterfactual past in everyday life
Authors: Branch Jared G. , Zickar Michael J.
Published: November 2020

To date, studies exploring the relationship of counterfactual thoughts with episodic memories and episodic future thoughts have focused mainly on voluntary mental time travel. We explore mental time travel in everyday life and find that episodic counterfactual thinking occurs to a much lesser extent than thinking about the past or the future (12%, 22%, and 54%, respectively), is used mainly for mood regulation purposes, and the temporal distribution decreases as a function of time. We observe similarities in phenomenological detail: memories and counterfactual thoughts sharing similar ratings of sensory detail, memories and future thoughts sharing similar ratings of positivity, and counterfactual and future thoughts sharing similar ratings of mental time travel. We discuss the implications of episodic counterfactual thinking in everyday life.
Identification and Characterization of a High‐Need, High‐Cost Group Among Hospitalized Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Anandarajah Allen , Thirukumaran Caroline , McCarthy Katherine , McMahon Sean , Feng Changyong , Ritchlin Christopher
Published: November 2020

Objective

To identify a high‐need, high‐cost (HNHC) group among hospitalized lupus patients and to compare clinical and social factors of the HNHC group with those of other patients with lupus.

Methods

All hospitalizations for lupus in a tertiary care center over a 3‐year period were recorded. The number of admissions, 30‐day readmissions, length of stay (LOS), and cost of admissions were compared for high‐risk patients with those of all other hospitalized lupus patients (OHLP) during this period. We then compared clinical measures (double‐stranded DNA [dsDNA] levels, complement proteins, body mass index, Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index [SDI] scores, and Case Mix Index [CMI] scores) for the HNHC cohort with those of the OHLP group. We additionally differentiated social factors (age, race and ethnicity, poverty, and medication adherence) between the 2 groups.

Results

A total of 202 patients with lupus accounted for 467 hospitalizations over the study period. The total cost of admissions was $13,192,346. Forty‐four patients had significantly higher admissions, 30‐day readmissions, and LOS. Furthermore, the cost for this group was 6‐fold that for the OHLP group, confirming the presence of an HNHC cohort. The HNHC group had significantly higher dsDNA levels, SDI scores, and CMI scores compared with the OHLP group. Infections were the most common cause of admission for both groups. Patients in the HNHC group were more likely to be African American, younger, diagnosed with lupus at an earlier age, to have lower medication adherence, and to be significantly more likely to live in areas of poverty.

Conclusion

A small group of patients with lupus (the HNHC group) accounts for most of the hospitalizations and cost. The HNHC group has both social and clinical factors significantly different from other patients with lupus.
Novel Framework for Measuring Whole Knee Osteoarthritis Progression Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Driban Jeffrey B. , Price Lori Lyn , LaValley Michael P. , Lo Grace H. , Zhang Ming , Harkey Matthew S. , Canavatchel Amanda , McAlindon Timothy E.
Published: November 2020

Objective

We developed and validated a set of composite scores that combine quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–based measurements of hyaline cartilage damage, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and effusion‐synovitis into composite scores.

Methods

We selected 300 participants (n = 100 for development cohort; n = 200 for validation cohort) from the Osteoarthritis Initiative with complete clinical, radiographic, and MRI data at baseline and 24 months. We used semiautomated programs to quantify tibiofemoral and patellar cartilage damage, BML volume, and whole‐knee effusion‐synovitis volume. The candidate composite scores were formed by summing changes from baseline to 24 months based on prespecified methods. We evaluated the candidate composite scores for 1) the ability to differentiate groups with and without knee osteoarthritis progression (17 radiographic and patient‐reported definitions), 2) sensitivity to change (standardized response means), and 3) relative performance relating to legacy outcome measures of knee osteoarthritis progression.

Results

Three of 13 developed composite scores qualified for testing in the validation cohort (ranked by sensitivity to change): whole‐knee cumulative cartilage damage, unweighted total knee score, and BML plus effusion‐synovitis volume. Change in cumulative cartilage damage associated with radiographic progression (Kellgren/Lawrence grade: odds ratio [OR] 1.84; joint space width progression: OR 2.11). Changes in the unweighted total knee score (OR 1.97) and BML plus effusion‐synovitis score (OR 1.92) associated with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index knee pain progression.

Conclusion

Two composite scores emerged, reflecting discrete domains of knee osteoarthritis progression. First, cumulative damage, which is measured by a whole‐knee cartilage damage score, reflects the damage accrued over time. Second, dynamic disease activity, which is measured by a BML plus effusion‐synovitis score, relates to changes in a patient's state of disease and symptoms.
Cost‐Effectiveness of Interventions for Musculoskeletal Foot and Ankle Conditions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Walsh Tom P. , Merlo Greg B. , Rutter Cameron , Abell Bridget , Platt Simon R. , Arnold John B.
Published: November 2020

Objective

Musculoskeletal conditions of the foot and ankle are common, yet the cost‐effectiveness of the variety of treatments available is not well defined. The aim of this systematic review was therefore to identify, appraise, and synthesize the literature pertaining to the cost‐effectiveness of interventions for musculoskeletal foot and ankle conditions.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for studies presenting economic evaluations of nonsurgical and surgical treatments for acute or chronic musculoskeletal conditions of the foot and ankle. Data on cost, incremental cost‐effectiveness, and quality‐adjusted life years for each intervention and comparison were extracted. Risk of bias was assessed using the Drummond checklist for economic studies (range 0–35).

Results

Thirty‐six studies were identified reporting nonsurgical interventions (n = 10), nonsurgical versus surgical interventions (n = 14), and surgical interventions (n = 12). The most common conditions were osteoarthritis, ankle fracture, and Achilles tendon rupture. The strongest economic evaluations were for interventions managing end‐stage ankle osteoarthritis, ankle sprain, ankle fracture, calcaneal fracture, and Achilles tendon rupture. Total ankle replacement and ankle arthrodesis for end‐stage ankle osteoarthritis, in particular, have been demonstrated through high‐quality studies to be cost‐effective compared to the nonsurgical alternative.

Conclusion

Selected interventions for musculoskeletal foot and ankle conditions dominate comparators, whereas others require thoughtful consideration as they provide better clinical improvements, but at an increased cost. Researchers should consider measuring and reporting costs alongside clinical outcome to provide context when determining the appropriateness of interventions for other foot and ankle symptoms to best inform future clinical practice guidelines.
Solar‐Driven Interfacial Evaporation and Self‐Powered Water Wave Detection Based on an All‐Cellulose Monolithic Design
Authors: Li Na , Qiao Lifang , He Jintao , Wang Shuxue , Yu Liangmin , Murto Petri , Li Xiaoyi , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: November 2020

Solar‐driven interfacial evaporation is an emerging technology with a strong potential for applications in water distillation and desalination. However, the high‐cost, complex fabrication, leaching, and disposal of synthetic materials remain the major roadblocks toward large‐scale applications. Herein, the benefits offered by renewable bacterial cellulose (BC) are considered and an all‐cellulose‐based interfacial steam generator is developed. In this monolithic design, three BC‐based aerogels are fabricated and integrated to endow the 3D steam generator with well‐defined hybrid structures and several self‐contained properties of lightweight, efficient evaporation, and good durability. Under 1 sun, the interfacial steam generator delivers high water evaporation rates of 1.82 and 4.32 kg m−2 h−1 under calm and light air conditions, respectively. These results are among the best‐performing interfacial steam generators, and surpass a majority of devices constructed from cellulose and other biopolymers. Importantly, the first example of integrating solar‐driven interfacial evaporation with water wave detection is also demonstrated by introducing a self‐powered triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). This work highlights the potential of developing biopolymer‐based, eco‐friendly, and durable steam generators, not merely scaling up sustainable clean water production, but also discovering new functions for detecting wave parameters of surface water.
The Implementation of a Collaborative Pediatric Telesimulation Intervention in Rural Critical Access Hospitals
Authors: Auerbach Marc , Patterson Mary , Mills William A , Katznelson Jessica
Published: November 2020

Background

Over 5.8 million pediatric visits to rural emergency department (EDs) occur each year in the United States. Most rural EDs care for less than five pediatric patients per day and are not well prepared for pediatrics. Simulation has been associated with improvements in pediatric preparedness. The implementation of pediatric simulation in rural settings is challenging due to limited access to equipment and pediatric specialists. Telesimulation involves a remote facilitator interacting with onsite learners. This article aims to describe the implementation experiences and participant feedback of a 1‐year remotely facilitated pediatric emergency telesimulation program in three critical‐access hospitals.

Methods

Three hospitals were recruited to participate with a nurse manager serving as the on‐site lead. The managers worked with a study investigator to set up the simulation technology during an in‐person pilot testing visit with the off‐site facilitators. A curriculum consisting of eight pediatric telesimulations and debriefings was conducted over a 12‐month period. Participant feedback was collected via a paper survey after each simulation. Implementation metrics were collected after each session including technical and logistic issues.

Results

Of 147 participant feedback surveys 90% reported that pediatric simulations should be conducted on a regular basis and overall feedback was positive. Forty‐seven of 48 simulations were completed on the first attempt with few major technologic issues. The most common issue encountered related to the simulator not working correctly locally and involved the facilitator running the session without the heart and lung sounds. All debriefings occurred without any issues.

Conclusions

This replicable telesimulation program can be used in the small, rural hospital setting, overcoming time and distance barriers and lending pediatric emergency medicine expertise to the education of critical‐access hospital providers.
A nationwide, multi‐institutional collaborative retrospective study of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors in Japan
Authors: Yamaguchi Tatsuro , Takahashi Keiichi , Yamada Kazutaka , Bando Hiroyuki , Baba Hideo , Ito Masaaki , Funahashi Kimihiko , Ueno Hideki , Fujita Shin , Hasegawa Seiji , Sakai Yoshiharu , Sugihara Kenichi
Published: November 2020

Aim

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are one of the subtypes of neuroendocrine neoplasms and are defined as epithelial neoplasms with predominant neuroendocrine differentiation. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological characteristics of colorectal NETs through a nationwide retrospective study in Japan.

Methods

This multicenter retrospective cohort study of NETs in Japan was conducted by the study group of the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum. In this study, we aimed to clarify the characteristics of Japanese patients with colorectal NETs. This cohort study included patients with colorectal NETs who were treated from January 2011 to December 2015.

Results

Most NETs developed in the lower rectum. Predictive factors of lymph node metastasis included size (>10 mm), depth of invasion (muscular propria or greater), NET grade (NET G2), depressed lesion of the tumor, and lymphovascular infiltration. In particular, depressed lesion of the tumor and lymphovascular infiltration were independent predictive factors of lymph node metastasis. The presence of an increased number of these predictive factors increased the lymph node metastasis rate.

Conclusion

Surgical resection with lymph node dissection is considered in the colorectal NETs patients with predictive factors of lymph node metastasis, the number of which is correlated with incidence of lymph node metastasis.
"Job seeker" experiences of punitive activation in Job Services Australia
Authors: Casey Simone
Published: November 2020

The Job Services Australia era (2009–2015) was a distinct stage in the evolution of Australia’s employment services because it was then that "work‐first" payment by results contracts, in combination with demanding "work‐first" activation, resulted in "punitive activation". Experiences of this shift were collected in interviews with a small cohort of job seekers about incidents involving threat of sanction. These incidents involving threat of sanction were construed as moments where job seekers were directly exposed to the coercive authority of activation workers deployed to meet "work‐first" targets. The findings show that "work‐first" marketisation incentives combined with demanding "work‐first" activation led to an experience of "punitive activation".
Effective Enantioselective Recognition by Chiral Amino‐Phosphonium Salts**
Authors: Rajasekar Prabhakaran , Jose Cavya , Sarkar Meghamala , Boomishankar Ramamoorthy
Published: November 2020

The research on chiral recognition and selection is not only fundamental in deciding the mystery of homochirality, but also informative in terms of substrate recognition in biological processes and asymmetric catalysis. We report an enantiomeric pair of phosphonium salts having chiral (R and S) amino substituents that are utilized towards the enantioselective recognition of a variety of chiral compounds having functional groups, such as carboxylic acid, amine, and alcohol. These simple phosphonium salts are found to exhibit a high enantiomeric discrimination for 1‐cyclohexylethylamine (CY). A remarkable guest selectivity (ξ) value of 5.3×108 is achieved for the enantiomer of R‐CY over S‐CY by using the R‐isomer of the phosphonium salt. Such high binding selectivities and discrimination capabilities is attributed to multiple non‐covalent interactions between the host and guest molecules as inferred from the DFT optimized structures of the host–guest pairs.
Von π‐gebundenen Gallapnictenen zu nukleophilen, redoxaktiven metallkoordinierten Pnictid‐Anionen
Authors: Krüger Julia , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan
Published: November 2020

Erste systematische Studien zur Reaktivität von Gallapnictenen LGaEGa(Cl)L (E=As, Sb; L=HC[C(Me)N(Ar)]2, Ar=Dip=2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3) zeigen den nukleophilen Charakter des Pnictogen‐ und den elektrophilen Charakter des Galliumatoms. Reaktionen der Gallapnictene mit Imidazoliumchlorid [IPrH][Cl] ergeben Pnictid‐Anionen {[LGa(Cl)]2E−}{IPrH+} (E=As 1, Sb 2), während mit HCl und MeI die Pnictane [LGa(Cl)]2EH (E=As 5, Sb 6) und L(I)GaE(Me)Ga(Cl)L (E=As 7, Sb 8) gebildet werden. Die Pnictid‐Anionen 1 und 2 reagieren mit [H(OEt2)2][BArF4] (BArF4=B(C6F5)4) ebenfalls zu 5 und 6, während Reaktionen mit MeI zu den Pnictanen [LGa(Cl)]2EMe (E=As 9, Sb 10) führen. Einelektronenoxidationsreaktionen von 1 und 2 ergeben die entsprechenden Radikale [LGa(Cl)]2E. (E=As, Sb).
Silver in the Center Enhances Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of a Platinum Sub‐nanocluster by 18 Times
Authors: Akanuma Yuki , Imaoka Takane , Sato Hiroyasu , Yamamoto Kimihisa
Published: November 2020

There has been controversy surrounding the roles of the metal core (metal–metal interaction) and the shell (metal–ligand interaction) in photoluminescence of ligand‐protected metal nanoclusters. We have discovered aggregation‐induced room‐temperature phosphorescence of a platinum–thiolate complex and its silver ion inclusion complex (a silver‐doped platinum sub‐nanocluster). The inclusion of silver ion boosted the photoluminescent quantum yield by 18 times. Photophysical measurements indicate that the rate of nonradiative decay was slower for the silver‐doped platinum sub‐nanocluster. DFT calculations showed that the LUMO, which had the main contribution from Ag s‐orbital and Pt d‐orbitals, played a critical role in suppressing the structural distortion at the excited state. This work will hopefully stimulate more research on designing strategies based on molecular orbitals of atomicity‐precise luminescent multimetallic nanoclusters.
From π‐Bonded Gallapnictenes to Nucleophilic, Redox‐Active Metal‐Coordinated Pnictanides
Authors: Krüger Julia , Wölper Christoph , Schulz Stephan
Published: November 2020

A comprehensive reactivity study of gallapnictenes LGaEGa(Cl)L (E=As, Sb; L=HC[C(Me)N(Ar)]2, Ar=Dip=2,6‐i‐Pr2C6H3) proved the nucleophilic character of the pnictogen and the electrophilic nature of the Ga atom. Reactions of LGaEGa(Cl)L with imidazolium chloride [IPrH][Cl] yielded {[LGa(Cl)]2E−}{IPrH+} (E=As 1, Sb 2), and those with HCl and MeI gave pnictanes [LGa(Cl)]2EH (E=As 5, Sb 6) and L(I)GaE(Me)Ga(Cl)L (E=As 7, Sb 8). Pnictanides 1 and 2 also react with [H(OEt2)2][BArF4] (BArF4=B(C6F5)4) to 5 and 6, while reactions with MeI yielded [LGa(Cl)]2EMe (E=As 9, Sb 10). Single electron oxidation reactions of pnictanides 1 and 2 gave the corresponding radicals [LGa(Cl)]2E. (E=As, Sb).
Nickel‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Fluoroalkylamines
Authors: McGuire Ryan T. , Yadav Arun A. , Stradiotto Mark
Published: November 2020

The Ni‐catalyzed N‐arylation of β‐fluoroalkylamines with broad scope is reported for the first time. Use of the air‐stable pre‐catalyst (PAd2‐DalPhos)Ni(o‐tol)Cl allows for reactions to be conducted at room temperature (25 °C, NaOtBu), or by use of a commercially available dual‐base system (100 °C, DBU/NaOTf), to circumvent decomposition of the N‐(β‐fluoroalkyl)aniline product. The mild protocols disclosed herein feature broad (hetero)aryl (pseudo)halide scope (X=Cl, Br, I, and for the first time phenol‐derived electrophiles), encompassing base‐sensitive substrates and enantioretentive transformations, in a manner that is unmatched by any previously reported catalyst system.
Redefining Angewandte Chemie as an Inclusive Home for Excellent Science
Authors: Kueckmann Theresa , Compton Neville , Maaß Frank , Su Xin , Weickgenannt Nathalie
Published: November 2020

Angewandte Chemie has the responsibility to foster an inclusive environment in chemistry for all. We see the world around us changing, and we are changing with it. We have begun shaping a new version of our journal, with diversity, equity, and inclusion, transparency, and a continued commitment to scientific excellence as the guiding principles.
Synthesis, structure, and photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties of zinc(II) complexes with bidentate azomethine ligands
Authors: Burlov Anatolii S. , Vlasenko Valery G. , Koshchienko Yurii V. , Milutka Maxim S. , Mal'tsev Eugene I. , Dmitriev Artem V. , Lypenko Dmitry A. , Nekrasova Natalia V. , Kolodina Alexandra A. , Makarova Nadezhda I. , Metelitsa Anatolii V. , Lazarenko Vladimir A. , Zubavichus Yan V. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Garnovskii Dmitrii A.
Published: November 2020

New Zn(II) complexes of bidentate Schiff base ligands were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction study revealed that all compounds can be represented as mononuclear zinc(II) complexes with two bidentate organic ligands coordinated to the central metal atom by two oxygen and two nitrogen atoms. The photophysical properties of the complexes were investigated by UV–vis and photoluminescence spectroscopy in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. It was found that the positions of maxima of the long‐wavelength absorption bands and photoluminescence depend strongly on the substituent in the aldehyde and amine fragments. The nature of the bands of electronic absorption spectra in DMSO solutions was interpreted using the results of quantum chemical calculations in the time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) approximation. The light emission performance of the complexes in organic light‐emitting diodes was investigated. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra maxima of all three complexes are located in the visible range from 470 to 550 nm. The absence of additional spectral maxima or shoulders in the EL bands means that neither exciplex nor excimer states form, and the observed EL bands are due to the intrinsic radiation of the zinc(II) complexes. EQEs were measured for these three complexes. The maximum value, close to 3%, was obtained in the case of a structure with a maximal brightness of 8000 cd m−2 at 17 V.