bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The COMBO window: A chronic cranial implant for multiscale circuit interrogation in mice
Authors: Edelman Bradley J. , Siegenthaler Dominique , Wanken Paulina , Jenkins Bethan , Schmid Bianca , Ressle Andrea , Gogolla Nadine , Frank Thomas , Macé Emilie
Published: June 2024

Neuroscientists studying the neural correlates of mouse behavior often lack access to the brain-wide activity patterns elicited during a specific task of interest. Fortunately, large-scale imaging is becoming increasingly accessible thanks to modalities such as Ca2+ imaging and functional ultrasound (fUS). However, these and other techniques often involve challenging cranial window procedures and are difficult to combine with other neuroscience tools. We address this need with an open-source 3D-printable cranial implant—the COMBO (ChrOnic Multimodal imaging and Behavioral Observation) window. The COMBO window enables chronic imaging of large portions of the brain in head-fixed mice while preserving orofacial movements. We validate the COMBO window stability using both brain-wide fUS and multisite two-photon imaging. Moreover, we demonstrate how the COMBO window facilitates the combination of optogenetics, fUS, and electrophysiology in the same animals to study the effects of circuit perturbations at both the brain-wide and single-neuron level. Overall, the COMBO window provides a versatile solution for performing multimodal brain recordings in head-fixed mice.
The conserved σD envelope stress response monitors multiple aspects of envelope integrity in corynebacteria
Authors: Hart Elizabeth M. , Lyerly Evan , Bernhardt Thomas G.
Published: June 2024

The cell envelope fortifies bacterial cells against antibiotics and other insults. Species in the Mycobacteriales order have a complex envelope that includes an outer layer of mycolic acids called the mycomembrane (MM) and a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan and arabinogalactan. This envelope architecture is unique among bacteria and contributes significantly to the virulence of pathogenic Mycobacteriales like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Characterization of pathways that govern envelope biogenesis in these organisms is therefore critical in understanding their biology and for identifying new antibiotic targets. To better understand MM biogenesis, we developed a cell sorting-based screen for mutants defective in the surface exposure of a porin normally embedded in the MM of the model organism Corynebacterium glutamicum. The results revealed a requirement for the conserved σD envelope stress response in porin export and identified MarP as the site-1 protease, respectively, that activate the response by cleaving the membrane-embedded anti-sigma factor. A reporter system revealed that the σD pathway responds to defects in mycolic acid and arabinogalactan biosynthesis, suggesting that the stress response has the unusual property of being induced by activating signals that arise from defects in the assembly of two distinct envelope layers. Our results thus provide new insights into how C. glutamicum and related bacteria monitor envelope integrity and suggest a potential role for members of the σD regulon in protein export to the MM.
Myeloid Targeted Human MLL-ENL and MLL-AF9 Induces cdk9 and bcl2 Expression in Zebrafish Embryos
Authors: Belt Alex J. , Grant Steven , Tombes Robert M. , Rothschild Sarah C.
Published: June 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for greater than twenty thousand new cases of leukemia annually in the United States. The average five-year survival rate is approximately 30%, pointing to the need for developing novel model systems for drug discovery. In particular, patients with chromosomal rearrangements in the mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) gene have higher relapse rates with poor outcomes. In this study we investigated the expression of human MLL-ENL and MLL-AF9 in the myeloid lineage of zebrafish embryos. We observed an expansion of MLL positive cells and determined these cells colocalized with the myeloid markers spi1b, mpx, and mpeg. In addition, expression of MLL-ENL and MLL-AF9 induced the expression of endogenous bcl2 and cdk9, genes that are often dysregulated in MLL-r-AML. Co-treatment of lyz: MLL-ENL or lyz:MLL-AF9 expressing embryos with the BCL2 inhibitor, Venetoclax, and the CDK9 inhibitor, Flavopiridol, significantly reduced the number of MLL positive cells compared to embryos treated with vehicle or either drug alone. In addition, cotreatment with Venetoclax and Flavopiridol significantly reduced the expression of endogenous mcl1a compared to vehicle, consistent with AML. This new model of MLL-r-AML provides a novel tool to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying disease progression and a platform for drug discovery.
Changes of faecal bacterial communities and microbial fibrolytic activity in horses aged from 6 to 30 years old
Authors: Baraille Marylou , Buttet Marjorie , Grimm Pauline , Milojevic Vladimir , Julliand Samy , Julliand Véronique
Published: June 2024

Horse owners and veterinarians report that from the age of 15, their horses can lose body condition and be more susceptible to diseases. Large intestinal microbiome changes may be involved. Indeed, microbiota is crucial for maintaining the condition and health of herbivores by converting fibres into nutrients. This study aimed to compare the faecal microbiome in horses aged from 6 to 30 years old (yo), living in the same environment and consuming the same diet, in order to assess whether the parameters changed linearly with age and whether there was a pivotal age category. Fifty horses were selected from the same environment and distributed across four age categories: 6–10 (n = 12), 11–15 (n = 11), 16–20 (n = 13), and 21–30 (n = 14) yo. All horses had no digestive problems, had teeth suitable for consuming their feed, and were up to date with their vaccination and deworming programmes. After three weeks of constant diet (ad libitum hay and 860 g of concentrate per day), one faecal sample per horse was collected on the same day. The bacterial communities’ richness and intra-sample diversity were negatively correlated with age. There was a new distribution of non-beneficial and beneficial taxa, particularly in the 21–30 yo category. Although the faecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids remained stable, the acetate proportion was negatively correlated with age while it was the opposite for the proportions of butyrate, valerate, and iso-valerate. Additionally, the faecal pH was negatively correlated with age. Differences were more pronounced when comparing the 6–10 yo and 21–30 yo categories. The values of the parameters studied became more dispersed from the 16–20 yo category onwards, which appeared as a transitional moment, as it did not differ significantly from the younger and older categories for most of these parameters. Our data suggest that the microbiome changes with age. By highlighting the pivotal age of 16–20, this gives the opportunity to intervene before individuals reach extremes that could lead to pathological conditions.
Perceiving greater commitment increases selfishness among disagreeable people
Authors: Sizemore Raini N. , Baker Levi R.
Published: June 2024

Perceiving that a partner is highly committed tends to benefit close relationships. However, there may be relational drawbacks to perceiving high commitment. In particular, given that high commitment may signal that a partner is unlikely to leave the relationship, perceiving that a partner is highly committed might lead people low in agreeableness to feel comfortable behaving more selfishly toward that partner. One correlational study consisting of a highly diverse sample of individuals (n = 307), one observational study of newlywed couples (n = 202), and one experiment with undergraduate couples (n = 252) examined whether the implications of perceived partner commitment for selfish behaviors depend on agreeableness. Results demonstrated that perceiving high commitment resulted in more selfish behavior among disagreeable participants (Studies 1–3), but less selfish behavior among agreeable participants (Studies 1 and 3). Together, these results suggest that signaling commitment to disagreeable partners may backfire in romantic relationships.
Benzathine penicillin G stockouts and other barriers to documented syphilis treatment in pregnancy in Zambia
Authors: Jones Anna V. , Manasyan Albert , Xue Yumo , Kapesa Herbert , Mwendafilumba Kate , Nalwamba Leukanji , Mzumara Maureen , Mubiana-Mbewe Mwangelwa , Dionne Jodie A.
Published: June 2024

Objective

The prevalence of syphilis in Zambia remains high and is a critical public health concern. The Zambian Ministry of Health recommends universal screening and same-day treatment for syphilis in pregnancy, yet the syphilis screening rate is low, and treatment is poorly documented. The goal of this study was to document syphilis treatment rates and associated factors among pregnant women in care in Zambia.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included pregnant women diagnosed with syphilis according to rapid plasma reagin (RPR) screening during routine antenatal care (ANC) in Lusaka, Zambia in 2018–2019. The main outcome of interest was lack of documented BPG treatment during pregnancy. Additional information about pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, partner referral for therapy, and facility level stockout data were included. Patient characteristics were compared by treatment status using Pearson Chi-Square Test and logistic regression models were created to estimate the association between individual level-factors, facility type, and lack of BPG treatment. A Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was used to evaluate facility-level data with significance set at p<0.05.

Results

Among 1,231 pregnant women who screened positive for syphilis at clinic, 643 (52%) lacked documented antibiotic treatment at the facility. BPG was the only antibiotic used to treat syphilis in the cohort and 8% of sex partners had evidence of referral for therapy. Preterm delivery rates were higher in women without documented BPG (43% vs 32%; p = 0.003). In adjusted models, only calendar year and hospital facility type were associated with lack of treatment. At the facility level, annual syphilis screening rates ranged from 37–65% and most (7/10) clinics reported at least one stockout of BPG.

Conclusion

Treatment rates for syphilis in pregnancy in Zambia were low and BPG medication stockouts at the facility level were common. A consistent supply of BPG at all ANC facilities is needed to facilitate timely treatment and improve birth outcomes.
Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging characterization of acute rejection in a porcine heterotopic heart transplantation model
Authors: Mendiola Pla Michelle , Milano Carmelo A. , Glass Carolyn , Bowles Dawn E. , Wendell David C.
Published: June 2024

Preclinical disease models are important for the advancement of therapeutics towards human clinical trials. One of the difficult tasks of developing a well-characterized model is having a reliable modality with which to trend the progression of disease. Acute rejection is one of the most devastating complications that can occur following organ transplantation. Specifically in cardiac transplantation, approximately 12% of patients will experience at least one episode of moderate or severe acute rejection in the first year. Currently, the gold standard for monitoring rejection in the clinical setting is to perform serial endomyocardial biopsies for direct histological assessment. However, this is difficult to reproduce in a porcine model of acute rejection in cardiac transplantation where the heart is heterotopically transplanted in an abdominal position. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is arising as an alternative for serial screening for acute rejection in cardiac transplantation. This is an exploratory study to create and define a standardized cardiac magnetic resonance screening protocol for characterizing changes associated with the presence of acute rejection in this preclinical model of disease. Results demonstrate that increases in T1 mapping, T2 mapping, left ventricular mass, and in late gadolinium enhancement are significantly correlated with presence of acute rejection.
Prevalence of cognitive impairment and its predictors among chronic kidney disease patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Jialing , Wu Leiyun , Wang Peixin , Pan Yajing , Dong Xingtong , Jia Linpei , Zhang Aihua
Published: June 2024

Background

Cognitive impairment (CI) is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is associated with a poor prognosis. We assessed the prevalence and associated factors of CI in patients with CKD.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, and the Web of Science through December 1, 2023. Random effects models were performed with subgroup analyses to further explore the heterogeneity.

Results

50 studies involving 25,289 CKD patients were included. The overall prevalence of CI was 40% (95% confidence interval 33–46). The pooled prevalence of CI was relatively higher in CKD patients from Africa (58%), Asia (44%) and America (37%). Attention and executive dysfunction appeared to be the most common manifestations. The prevalence of CI was higher among patients with hemodialysis (53%) and peritoneal dialysis (39%) than those without dialysis (32%) and post-kidney transplanted (26%). In addition, advanced age, the presence of diabetes and hypertension might increase the risk of CI in CKD patients.

Conclusions

People with CKD have a high prevalence of CI, especially in patients with hemodialysis. An early and comprehensive screening for CI in CKD patients is needed to improve clinical outcomes.

Trial registration

Registration number: PROSPERO (CRD42023412864)
Métodos para a aprendizagem de conteúdos matemáticos
Authors: Villota Enríquez Jakeline Amparo , Gouveia Jr Amauri
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo examinar as evidências existentes sobre a incidência dos métodos no desempenho acadêmico de alunos na aprendizagem de matemática. A partir do desenho metodológico, este estudo se baseia em uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre estudos relacionados aos métodos para a aprendizagem da matemática onde os artigos são identificados, categorizados e analisados, apontando suas características e sintetizando os principais tópicos de pesquisa e seu conteúdo. Para isso, a base de dados consultada foi Scopus por seu grande reconhecimento internacional onde foram selecionados um total de seis artigos científicos correspondentes aos anos 2014-2019 cujos conteúdos versavam sobre métodos de aprendizagem em relação ao desempenho acadêmico nas matemáticas. Os resultados mostram diferentes aspectos como a autoria dos artigos, os periódicos onde foram publicados, o tipo de pesquisa, as técnicas de coleta de dados utilizadas e os tópicos de pesquisa inerentes às técnicas implementadas no processo de aprendizagem da matemática. Além disso, se realizou uma análise focada no conteúdo de 5 tópicos identificados: a implementação dos métodos de aprendizagem, competência geradas pelos métodos de aprendizagem, a utilização de recursos tecnológicos no processo de aprendizagem, o contexto onde são utilizados os métodos de aprendizagem e, finalmente, a influência dos métodos de aprendizagem no desempenho acadêmico dos alunos na matemática.
Organic cultivation of Allium fistulosum under concentrations of Bordeaux mixture
Authors: Rossi Anderson José Danielsson , Ferreira Regina Lúcia Félix , Araújo Neto Sebastião Elviro de , Uchoa Thays Lemos , Pinto Geazi Penha , Santos Alice Gomes de Almeida , Carvalho Lucas Agueiro de
Published: June 2024

Allium fistulosum L., belonging to the botanical family Alliaceae, is one of the most produced and commercialized vegetables in the world. In this scenario, this study aimed to evaluate the control of anthracnose in chives subjected to organic cultivation with different concentrations of Bordeaux mixture and its effects on crop yield. The experiment was conducted in elevated soil beds 10-cm high. Seedlings of the chive cultivar ‘Todo Ano’ were produced from plants previously cultivated in the site. Cultivation was carried out under full sunlight, and irrigation was performed by automatic sprinklers with a daily volume of 6 mm. The experiment was in randomized blocks, with 10 treatments in a 2x5 factorial arrangement. Four concentrations of Bordeaux mixture (0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5%; 2.0%) plus one control (water) were used. The second factor evaluated was the weekly and fortnightly application period. Data on the Total Fresh Mass (MFT), Commercial Fresh Mass (MFC), Sick Fresh Mass (MFR), Number of Commercial Leaves (NFC), Number of Sick Leaves (NFR), Commercial Dry Mass (MSC), and Yield (PTV) were collected. No statistically significant interactions were observed for anthracnose control and chive yield. However, in the 4th week of evaluation, differences were observed between the application periods, with the 2.0% concentration and weekly application performing better than the other treatments. The other evaluations did not result in significant statistical interactions between the variables analyzed. The application of Bordeaux mixture has no effects on the control of anthracnose and on the yield of chives.
Cursar Licenciatura em Música na Modalidade EAD: A Percepção dos Egressos
Authors: Andrade Sandra Guedes de , Santos Celso Augusto dos , Moreira Alessandro Messias
Published: June 2024

Este artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a percepção dos egressos do curso Licenciatura em Música na modalidade EaD. De abordagem qualitativa, esse artigo é um recorte da pesquisa de mestrado que teve como instrumento de pesquisa, um questionário, aplicado de forma online, no Google Formulários, e uma entrevista online, ao vivo. Participaram trinta e três egressos respondentes do questionário e nove sujeitos que participaram da continuidade da pesquisa em entrevista. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da técnica da Análise de Conteúdo. As entrevistas evidenciaram que a modalidade EaD foi um diferencial para escolha do curso e a presença do professor durante todo o desenvolvimento das disciplinas, um motivador para a continuidade e conclusão do curso.
Entre Impostos e Sonhos: A Jornada do Microempreendedor Individual em Juazeiro do Norte-CE
Authors: Maia Patrícia Barauna , Saraiva Piedley Macedo
Published: June 2024

O Microempreendedor Individual ou MEI, é o modelo de empresa para aquela pessoa que trabalha por conta própria, monta o seu negócio e é o único dono desse negócio, com a modernização do comércio e a competividade do mercado de trabalho alinhado ao desemprego as pessoas tendem a abrir seu próprio negócio, o que nem sempre significa a formalização de fato. Após às mudanças de cobrança de tributos para os pequenos e médios empreendedores percebe-se um aumento desses microempreendedores formalizados. Abordam-se neste estudo os aspectos teóricos dos regimes de tributações e suas características, o impacto da carga tributária e o perfil do MEI de Juazeiro do Norte, tendo como objetivo analisar a relação entre os problemas mais comuns enfrentados pelos microempreendedores individuais com a carga tributária aplicada e identificar o perfil dessa categoria. O estudo foi realizado com os microempreendedores que aceitaram participar da pesquisa que ocorreu por conveniência no centro da cidade, sendo de natureza básica exploratória e objetivo descritivo com abordagem qualiquantitativa. Transcorreu de agosto até outubro de 2024, sendo que a pesquisa foi realizada no período de 04 a 06 de abril de 2024. Apresentando como principal resultado a percepção de que os sujeitos estudados possuem uma compreensão acerca da carga tributária atualmente aplicada e suas características, assim como uma parte reconhece a importância da gestão desses tributos alinhados ao controle financeiro e administrativos do negócio, todavia a maioria relatou não relacionar a gestão da empresa com a carga tributária.
O emprego da História para edificação de possibilidades teórico-metodológicas ao campo ambiental
Authors: Estevam Bread Soares , Dos Santos Ferreira Washington Luiz , C. de Freitas André Luis
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho objetiva analisar como emergiu a História Ambiental, como resultado de um processo de busca por novos paradigmas visando superar a crise ecológica configurada a partir de 1970. Não obstante, trate-se de distintas perspectivas políticas e/ou teórico-metodológicas do conhecimento, cujos olhares são lançados, respectivamente, dos campos de pesquisa educacional e historiográfico, seus princípios e fundamentos interconectam-se e complementam-se no espaço dos estudos interdisciplinares relacionados com o ambiente. Neste sentido, entende-se que a História Ambiental, em diálogo com a Educação Ambiental, poderá ser utilizada para sensibilizar e contribuir com a construção de uma nova consciência ecológica política.
Horta na escola
Authors: De Oliveira Terezinha Marisa Ribeiro , Amaral Carmem Lúcia Costa
Published: June 2024

Este artigo apresenta o resultado de uma experiência desenvolvida no componente curricular Eletiva, denominada Projeto Cultivar, que teve como ementa o planejamento e a construção da horta hidropônica, horta tradicional e composteira. Participaram da experiência 32 alunos das três séries do Ensino Médio de uma escola estadual de São Paulo. Devido à pandemia da Covid-19, essa experiência ocorreu em duas etapas. Na etapa presencial, foram planejados e executados pelos alunos o plantio de mudas e a construção da horta hidropônica, momento em que foram discutidos alguns assuntos relacionados com a temática ambiental e com a saúde. Na fase remota os alunos foram estimulados a construírem hortas em suas residências e a cultivarem plantas. Os resultados evidenciaram que, apesar do pouco tempo proporcionado para as atividades presenciais, os alunos se envolveram de tal forma com a Eletiva que se mostraram interessados em continuar as atividades de construção da horta e do plantio em suas casas, com os pais.
Impact of the Early COVID-19 Pandemic on Incidence and Outcomes of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in the United States
Authors: Liang Jeff , Lee Yi-Te , Yeo Yee Hui , Luu Michael , Ayoub Walid , Kuo Alexander , Trivedi Hirsh , Vipani Aarshi , Gaddam Srinivas , Kim Hyunseok , Wang Yun , Rich Nicole , Kosari Kambiz , Nissen Nicholas , Parikh Neehar , Singal Amit G. , Yang Ju Dong
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Access to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance and treatments were disrupted during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to characterize the impact of the pandemic on HCC incidence and mortality rates, treatment, and outcomes in the United States.

METHODS:

Two nationwide databases, the United States Cancer Statistics and the National Vital Statistics System, were used to investigate HCC incidence and mortality between 2001 and 2020. Trends in age-adjusted incidence rate (aIR) and adjusted mortality rate (aMR) were assessed using joinpoint analysis. The 2020 aIR and aMR were projected based on the prepandemic data and compared with actual values to assess the extent of underdiagnosis. We assessed differences in HCC characteristics, treatment, and overall survival between 2020 and 2018–2019.

RESULTS:

The aIR of HCC in 2020 was significantly reduced compared with 2019 (5.22 vs 6.03/100K person-years [PY]), representing a 12.2% decrease compared with the predicted aIR in 2020 (5.94/100K PY). The greatest extent of underdiagnosis was observed in Black (−14.87%) and Hispanic (−14.51%) individuals and those with localized HCC (−15.12%). Individuals staged as regional or distant HCC were also less likely to receive treatment in 2020. However, there was no significant difference in short-term overall survival in 2020 compared with 2018–2019, with HCC mortality rates remaining stable (aMR: 2.76 vs 2.73/100K PY in 2020 vs 2019).

DISCUSSION:

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in underdiagnosis of HCC, particularly early stage disease and racial ethnic minorities, and underuse of HCC-directed treatment. Longer follow-up is needed to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on HCC-related mortality.
The third space, student and staff co-creation of gamified informal learning: an emerging model of co-design
Authors: Bamford Jan , Moschini Elena
Published: June 2024

This article draws from the authors’ exploration of an innovative third space approach to engaging students with informal learning through the use of co-design and co-creation, which sits outside traditional subject delivery spaces. The third space project, the Digital Citizenship Programme, centres on the transformative experience and dialogic encounter for participants. The third space in this context was constituted by co-design and co-production involving students, alumni, academics and professional service staff. The project evaluated third space activity in terms of co-design, through its development process and in what is achieved by participants’ engagement with it. The aims were to analyse the mutuality and relational aspects of the innovative pedagogic intervention; the development of transferable skills and agentic development in the third space; and the dialogic experience for participants. The research data were collected over a period of three years, using focus groups, co-creation workshop observations and field notes. This project builds on the body of research that focuses on partnerships with students that fall under the umbrella of the third space. The article underlines the importance of co-creation approaches in building the relational and dialogic dynamic in higher education spaces.
Emotional Experiences of Preschool Teachers During Learning Evaluation: A Phenomenological Study
Authors: Nuroniah Pepi , Alfarisa Fitri , Anesty Mashudi Esya , Fatihaturosyidah Fatihaturosyidah , Piyakun Araya
Published: June 2024

This study explores the emotional experiences of preschool teachers during the implementation of learning evaluations. Utilizing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research captures the lived experiences of 18 preschool teachers in Banten, Indonesia. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and observations from April to December 2023, employing snowball sampling to ensure relevant expertise. Thematic analysis revealed that teachers predominantly experienced positive emotions, such as pride, joy, and gratitude, during the planning and preparation of evaluation instruments. However, negative emotions, including anxiety and discomfort, emerged during the implementation and follow-up stages. These negative emotions were often linked to concerns about meeting educational targets and managing classroom dynamics effectively. The study identifies that positive emotions were associated with the perceived importance of evaluation planning and successful execution, while negative emotions were connected to fears of underperformance and external pressures. These findings highlight preschool teachers' complex emotional landscape, emphasizing the need for professional development programs focusing on emotional regulation and stress management. The study's implications suggest that fostering a supportive school environment can enhance teachers' well-being and effectiveness, ultimately benefiting student outcomes. Limitations include the small, geographically limited sample and reliance on self-reported data, which may introduce bias. Future research should expand the sample size, incorporate diverse geographical locations, and utilize mixed-methods approaches to comprehensively understand teachers' emotional experiences. Such research would enable the development of more effective support strategies for educators, contributing to improved educational practices and teacher satisfaction.
Project-Based Learning Integrated with STEAM: A Study on Educational Pop-Up Books for Early Literacy
Authors: Chafidah Nur , Hayati Nur , Maryatun Ika Budi
Published: June 2024

This study evaluates the effectiveness of integrating Project-Based Learning (PjBL) with Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, and Mathematics (STEAM) to enhance literacy skills among children aged 5-6. Employing a quasi-experimental design, 30 TK Cornerstone Homestyle Education students were selected and divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group engaged in PjBL integrated with STEAM, while the control group followed conventional methods. Pre-tests and post-tests were administered to assess literacy skills, focusing on reading habits, symbol recognition, word writing, and constructing written pieces. Data were collected through tests and observation sheets and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics via IBM SPSS Statistics version 21. Results showed significant literacy skill improvements in the experimental group compared to the control group, with higher post-test scores and increased engagement. Instrument validity was confirmed through item analysis, and reliability was ensured with a Cronbach's Alpha of 0.74. Observations revealed high implementation quality in both groups, but the experimental group demonstrated a more substantial increase in literacy levels. This study concludes that STEAM-integrated PjBL effectively enhances early literacy, promotes creativity, and engages students actively in learning. The findings imply the need for broader application of this method in early childhood education and suggest further research to explore long-term impacts and applicability across diverse educational contexts. Despite limitations such as sample scope and short-term intervention, this research supports adopting interdisciplinary approaches for improved educational outcomes.
The Ukrainian Orthodox Churches in the Crucible of War
Authors: Horyacha Maria
Published: June 2024

The article examines the main transformations in Ukrainian Orthodoxy over the past few years, with a special focus on the position of Orthodox Churches in Ukraine after the outbreak of Russia's full-scale war against Ukraine. Tracing the course of events in the Orthodox Churches in Ukraine over the last year of the war, the author shows how the war accelerated the irreversible process of separation of Ukrainian Orthodoxy from the Russian Orthodox Church and their withdrawal from Moscow's influence. Taking into account the moods in the Churches, Ukrainian society and the involvement of the state in this process, she considers possible scenarios for the development of events in the near future, assesses their probability and tries to project the most likely one. Pointing out the advantages and disadvantages, dangers and outcomes of each of these scenarios, the author concludes that the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate, if it does not radically change its course and continues to maintain ties with the Moscow Patriarchate, is destined to gradual decline in Ukraine, while the Orthodox Church of Ukraine under the jurisdiction of the Ecumenical patriarchate has a great chance of growing and eventually obtaining recognition of its autocephaly in the Orthodox world.
Research methods for understanding child second language development
Authors: Lu Danni , Li Tao
Published: June 2024

This book offers a comprehensive overview of research methods and techniques specifically tailored for child second language development, an under-explored area in broadly SLA. It is of great pedagogical value that it includes many case studies that illustrate the ways the methods are used in a step-by-step manner, particularly to practitioners, i.e., language teachers at primary schools. This book is a timely and valuable contribution, which is very helpful to both experienced researchers and new beginners, and thus worthy of recommendation.
A single layer wideband filtenna with E-shaped slots for 5G and B5G millimeter-wave communications
Authors: Bhat Zahid A. , Sheikh Javaid A. , Parah Shabir A. , Udgata Siba K. , Khan Shareef-ud-Din
Published: June 2024

A wideband filtering antenna design has been proposed in this paper. The proposed filtering antenna design is cavity-backed substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) based on a single layer slot antenna. Two E-shaped slots are engraved onto the ground face of the design to improve filtering selectivity and operational bandwidth. For achieving wideband response, a modified half-TE110 mode and a decreased radiation null are all produced by the E-shaped slots in the right-half cavity. The design is simple and compact, with only one substrate layer and a larger working bandwidth than its counterparts. The filtering antenna has a 13.1 % fractional bandwidth and works at a frequency of 28 GHz. The proposed prototype has been structured, tested, and the simulation and measurement results were analyzed.
VOCs (toluene) removal from iron ore sintering flue gas via LaBO3 (B = Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co) perovskite catalysts: experiment and mechanism
Authors: Ding Long , Zhao Hexi , Li Yafei , Wang Yifan , Long Hongming
Published: June 2024

The challenges posed by volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions in iron ore sintering flue gas are significant. La-based perovskite catalysts offer a promising solution for efficiently degrading VOCs. In this study, a series of LaBO3 (B = Cu, Fe, Cr, Mn, Co) perovskite catalysts were synthesized using the sol-gel method. The influence of various B-site elements on the catalyst’s structure and surface chemical properties was thoroughly examined. Simulations were conducted to assess the VOC reduction capabilities of these catalysts under conditions mimicking sintering flue gas composition. It was found that the crystallite size of the perovskite catalyst decreases as the ionic radius of the B-site elements increases, while the specific surface area, total pore volume, and average pore size increase correspondingly. Notably, LaCoO3 and LaMnO3 demonstrated exceptional activity, attributed primarily to their elevated surface oxygen concentration and oxygen migration capability, positioning them as highly promising materials for further development. Furthermore, a proposed mechanism elucidates the La-based perovskite catalytic reduction of toluene, wherein lattice oxygen and adsorbed oxygen undergo mutual conversion during the oxidation process. This mechanism aligns with the L-H and M-v-K models, providing a comprehensive understanding of the catalytic process.
A brief history of risk assessment for agrochemicals
Authors: Solomon Keith R.
Published: June 2024

Risk assessment of pesticides has its roots in the same process for chemicals in general, both of which are relatively recent. Pesticides such as oxides of sulfur and some minerals were also used by early civilizations but the concepts of dose-response and risk as a probability were only documented in the literature (books) in the 1500s and 1600s, respectively. Formal use of toxic dose and safety factors for humans was developed as inorganic and organic pesticides entered the market after the 1930s, but only made use of simple hazard ratios to characterize danger. This approach continued until adoption of the concept of probability of exposure of humans to pesticides via dietary exposure, but not sensitivity of humans. It was in 1980s–90s that the use of probability was suggested as a way of characterizing variation in sensitivity of species in the environment as well as the exposures in environmental matrices. As we move into the future, risk assessment of agrochemicals will evolve to include new frameworks and approaches for dealing with conflicting data, such as Weight of Evidence.
Recent advances in 4D printing of hydrogels
Authors: Li Tongqing , Huang Zhenjia , Tsui Gary Chi-Pong , Tang Chak-Yin , Deng Yu
Published: June 2024

4D printing, the fabrication of dynamic 3D objects, has emerged as a frontier in additive manufacturing, benefiting from rapid advancements in 3D printing technologies and the development of new stimuli-responsive materials. Among the diverse materials explored for 4D printing, the hydrogel, renowned for its exceptional flexibility, biocompatibility, and tunable mechanical properties, is a class of soft materials well-suited for 4D printing. In addition to selecting and developing appropriate stimuli-responsive materials, it is important to devise suitable printing strategies to enable the fabrication of hydrogel-based structures that can perform complex shape-changing under external stimuli in various applications, such as soft robotics and biomedical areas. In view of this, various printing strategies, including structural design, printing scheme, and stimuli control are systematically summarized. This review aims to provide an up-to-date evolution of 4D-printed hydrogels and insights into the utilization of these printing strategies and printing techniques, such as direct ink writing, stereolithography, and two-photon polymerization, in the 4D printing of hydrogel structures for specific functions and applications.
Semi-Lagrangian approximations of the transfer operator in divergent form
Authors: Shaydurov Vladimir V. , Petrakova Viktoriya S.
Published: June 2024

The paper demonstrates two approaches to constructing monotonic difference schemes for the transfer equation in divergent form from the family of semi-Lagrangian methods: Eulerian–Lagrangian and Lagrangian–Eulerian. Within each approach, a monotonic conservative difference scheme is proposed. It is shown that within the framework of the Lagrangian–Eulerian approach, based on the use of curvilinear grids formed by the characteristics of the approximated transfer operator, it is possible to construct monotonic difference schemes of second order accuracy.
Note on the product of the largest and the smallest eigenvalue of a graph
Authors: Abiad Aida , Dalfó Cristina , Fiol Miquel Àngel
Published: June 2024

In this note, we use eigenvalue interlacing to derive an inequality between a graph’s maximum degree and its maximum and minimum adjacency eigenvalues. The equality case is fully characterized.
Alternative icons: rethinking symbols of power in ‘The World of Stonehenge’
Authors: Garrow Duncan , Wilkin Neil
Published: June 2024

Current debates surrounding decolonisation and the democratisation of display are a critical issue for prehistoric collections as well as more recent material. The objects most likely to symbolise prehistory in museum displays, and thus in the popular imagination—those made of precious, skilfully worked materials—are a restricted group of iconic things, often interpreted as reflective of social status rather than anything more personal or spiritual. To contextualise this debate, the authors outline public reaction to the display of alternative objects with more representative messages within The World of Stonehenge exhibition, which was held at the British Museum in 2022.
Inequalities in wealth distribution within Imperial Assyrian graves
Authors: Creamer Petra M.
Published: June 2024

Across more than seven centuries (c. 1350–600 BC), the Assyrian Empire established political dominance and cultural influence over many settlements in the Ancient Near East. Assyrian policies of resource extraction, including taxation and tribute, have been extensively analysed in textual and art historical sources. This article assesses the impact of these policies on patterns of wealth within mortuary material—one of the most conservative forms of culture, deeply rooted in group identity. The author argues that a trend of decreasing quality and quantity of grave goods over time supports models emphasising the heavy economic burden of Assyrian administration on its subjects.
Trans-synaptic Association of Vesicular Zinc Transporter 3 and Shank3 Supports Synapse-Specific Dendritic Spine Structure and Function in the Mouse Auditory Cortex
Authors: Manning Abbey , Bender Philip T. R. , Boyd-Pratt Helen , Mendelson Benjamin Z. , Hruska Martin , Anderson Charles T.
Published: June 2024

Shank3 is a synaptic scaffolding protein that assists in tethering and organizing structural proteins and glutamatergic receptors in the postsynaptic density of excitatory synapses. The localization of Shank3 at excitatory synapses and the formation of stable Shank3 complexes is regulated by the binding of zinc to the C-terminal sterile-alpha-motif (SAM) domain of Shank3. Mutations in the SAM domain of Shank3 result in altered synaptic function and morphology, and disruption of zinc in synapses that express Shank3 leads to a reduction of postsynaptic proteins important for synaptic structure and function. This suggests that zinc supports the localization of postsynaptic proteins via Shank3. Many regions of the brain are highly enriched with free zinc inside glutamatergic vesicles at presynaptic terminals. At these synapses, zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) moves zinc into vesicles where it is co-released with glutamate. Alterations in ZnT3 are implicated in multiple neurodevelopmental disorders, and ZnT3 knock-out (KO) mice—which lack synaptic zinc—show behavioral deficits associated with autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Here we show that male and female ZnT3 KO mice have smaller dendritic spines and miniature excitatory postsynaptic current amplitudes than wildtype (WT) mice in the auditory cortex. Additionally, spine size deficits in ZnT3 KO mice are restricted to synapses that express Shank3. In WT mice, synapses that express both Shank3 and ZnT3 have larger spines compared to synapses that express Shank3 but not ZnT3. Together these findings suggest a mechanism whereby presynaptic ZnT3-dependent zinc supports postsynaptic structure and function via Shank3 in a synapse-specific manner.
Cell- and Pathway-Specific Disruptions in the Accumbens of Fragile X Mouse
Authors: Giua Gabriele , Pereira-Silva Jessica , Caceres-Rodriguez Alba , Lassalle Olivier , Chavis Pascale , Manzoni Olivier J.
Published: June 2024

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a genetic cause of intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. The mesocorticolimbic system, which includes the prefrontal cortex (PFC), basolateral amygdala (BLA), and nucleus accumbens core (NAcC), is essential for regulating socioemotional behaviors. We employed optogenetics to compare the functional properties of the BLA→NAcC, PFC→NAcC, and reciprocal PFC↔BLA pathways inFmr1−/y::Drd1a-tdTomatomale mice. In FXS mice, the PFC↔BLA reciprocal pathway was unaffected, while significant synaptic modifications occurred in the BLA/PFC→NAcC pathways. We observed distinct changes in D1 striatal projection neurons (SPNs) and separate modifications in D2 SPNs. In FXS mice, the BLA/PFC→NAcC-D2 SPN pathways demonstrated heightened synaptic strength. Focusing on the BLA→NAcC pathway, linked to autistic symptoms, we found increased AMPAR and NMDAR currents and elevated spine density in D2 SPNs. Conversely, the amplified firing probability of BLA→NAcC-D1 SPNs was not accompanied by increased synaptic strength, AMPAR and NMDAR currents, or spine density. These pathway-specific alterations resulted in an overall enhancement of excitatory-to-spike coupling, a physiologically relevant index of how efficiently excitatory inputs drive neuronal firing, in both BLA→NAcC-D1 and BLA→NAcC-D2 pathways. Finally, the absence of fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1 (FMRP) led to impaired long-term depression specifically in BLA→D1 SPNs. These distinct alterations in synaptic transmission and plasticity within circuits targeting the NAcC highlight the potential role of postsynaptic mechanisms in selected SPNs in the observed circuit-level changes. This research underscores the heightened vulnerability of the NAcC in the context of FMRP deficiency, emphasizing its pivotal role in the pathophysiology of FXS.
Rab6-Mediated Polarized Transport of Synaptic Vesicle Precursors Is Essential for the Establishment of Neuronal Polarity and Brain Formation
Authors: Zhang Yu , Kunii Masataka , Taniguchi Manabu , Yoshimura Shin-ichiro , Harada Akihiro
Published: June 2024

Neurons are highly polarized cells that are composed of a single axon and multiple dendrites. Axon–dendrite polarity is essential for proper tissue formation and brain functions. Intracellular protein transport plays an important role in the establishment of neuronal polarity. However, the regulatory mechanism of polarized transport remains unclear. Here, we show that Rab6, a small GTPase that acts on the regulation of intracellular vesicular trafficking, plays key roles in neuronal polarization and brain development. Central nervous system-specific Rab6a/b double knock-out (Rab6 DKO) mice of both sexes exhibit severe dysplasia of the neocortex and the cerebellum. In the Rab6 DKO neocortex, impaired axonal extension of neurons results in hypoplasia of the intermediate zone. In vitro, deletion of Rab6a and Rab6b in cultured neurons from both sexes causes the abnormal accumulation of synaptic vesicle precursors (SVPs) adjacent to the Golgi apparatus, which leads to defects in axonal extension and the loss of axon–dendrite polarity. Moreover, Rab6 DKO causes significant expansion of lysosomes in the soma in neurons. Overall, our results reveal that Rab6-mediated polarized transport of SVPs is crucial for neuronal polarization and subsequent brain formation.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of single-stage versus two-stage revision for periprosthetic joint infection after knee arthroplasty: a call for a randomised trial
Authors: Xie Chengxin , Pan Wenjun , Wang Shouli , Yan Xueli , Luo Hua
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Knee arthroplasty is an effective treatment for severe knee degeneration; however, periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of its serious complications. Single- and two-stage revision are common treatments, but few studies have compared single- and two-stage revision for PJI after knee arthroplasty. This study aimed to compare the reinfection and reoperation rates of single- and two-stage revision through meta-analysis.

Methods

The review process was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. We searched the PubMed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for trials comparing single- and two-stage revision for PJI after knee arthroplasty from the respective inception dates to April 2023. Two researchers individually screened the studies, performed the literature quality evaluation and data extraction and used Stata 17 software for data analysis.

Results

The meta-analysis showed that the reinfection rate was significantly lower in the single-stage revision group than in the two-stage revision group. While the reoperation rates demonstrated no statistically significant difference between the two groups. We presented descriptive results because the discrepancies in the knee function scores and data reported in the studies meant that these data could not be combined in the meta-analysis.

Conclusion

Based on the available research, single-stage revision is a reliable option for PJI after knee arthroplasty. However, when developing the best treatment strategy, it is still necessary to consider the individual circumstances and needs of the patient, as well as the risks of postoperative rehabilitation and complications.