bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Ict Role to Economic Convergence of Albania and Western Balkans to European Union
Authors: (Gjika) Ermelinda Xhaja , (Tolica) Ermelinda Kordha
Published: July 2017

The Western Balkans countries are still considered economies in transition. Coming from centralized systems with low level of GDP per capita the region can accelerate substantially the growth pace as lectured in neoclassical growth theory. The region is considered attractive for foreign investments due to a series of advantages such as the political EU agenda and vicinity to EU markets, low labour costs combined with relatively well educated people. The growth models recognize the importance of technology factor to sustain the productivity, competitiveness and economic growth. Promoting innovative businesses and introducing information and communication technologies (ICTs) will enhance the potentials for economic convergence towards developed economies such as EU. The aim of this paper is to bring in focus the impact of ICT on productivity in the Western Balkans (WB) as well as to the structural convergence within the region. One of the contributors for introduction of new technologies and use of ICT remains the foreign direct investments. The paper will assess the role of FDIs in modelling aggregate production reflected through the exports variety and in particular ICT and high technology goods exports. The methodology of the paper makes use of time series data for a set of indicators for each of the Western Balkans countries: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia. The main conclusion is that the Western Balkans and Albania have shown a slight trend of convergence of productivity among them and to EU by still is not following the same pace as the convergence of GDP per capita. The impact of ICT development in Albania at firm level but also at economic growth is lower than in other Western Balkans countries. The penetration of FDIs in Albania has generated limited contribution to the introduction of new technologies and sophistication of business models. Additionally, it is necessary to address some incentives to promote ICT businesses and professional skills in order to enable the innovation and competitiveness of Albanian economy. JEL classification: F15, F43, O16, O47.
Assessment of the quality of products in tourism
Authors: Tahiri Prof. Alberta , Kovaci Prof.Dr. Idriz
Published: July 2017

This paper examines the issue of quality assessment of tourism products, as one of the key elements of counntries’ touristicoffer in a rapidly changing digital and globalized world. Tourism product is a presentation of a broad cross-section of history, nature, archeology, living culture, ensuring that visitors taking part in the discovery will leave with a lasting impression of the diversity, complexity and beauty of the visited country and its culture. As such, it is a product of quite a particular nature, which derives from the coexistence of a series of different elements interlinked among each other. It is the combinations of interlinkages that enable destinations to offer an individualized “total tourism product” that meets the changing needs of various categories of tourists. Total tourism products are complex and are shaped in different offered through numerous and diverse specific products and services,which may be shaped in many different ways and for which demand exists on a combination of motives, often in conflicting mutual interlinkages. The assessment of the quality of tourism offers is a complex process, which focusses around the tourists. The concept of valorization of tourist sites and attractions is a useful tool in the quality assessment. The harsh completion in the field for tourism calls for application of the total quality management system, which improves the ability of the tourism sector to meet the needs and requirements of the tourists, at minimum costs. Creation and introducing quality standards would be an urgent task, which is the responsibility of both businesses and institutions alike.
The Impact of Teaching Environment on Adolescent Self – esteem Formation
Authors: Meškauskienė Asta
Published: July 2017

For teacher who is seeking to implement modern educational goals, it is important to create prosperity educational and learning environments, which were not relevant to the traditional paradigm. The learning environment is one of the most important factors influencing the successful formation of student self-esteem, their self – expression and creative autonomy. The concept of learning environment includes - the school’s tradition, domestic regulations, pupil and teacher relationship, the psychological climate, school management and teacher’s work style. It is typical for the autocratic teacher work style to stereotype and depersonalise the pupils, this weakens the students’ self-esteem. Meanwhile, the democratic procedure, learner’s participation in decision making, respectful relationship, honesty and self-discipline promotes learner’s self-confidence and enhances self-esteem. Well organised learning environment is a good atmosphere to motivate pupils and encourages them to become a proactive, independent and responsible person.
The Influence of Entrepreneurship Attitudes and Interests on Learning Motivation and Its Implication on Student Professional Competency at Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Pasundan University
Authors: Setiani Ani , Novendra Afief Maula
Published: July 2017

The teachers' roles which are needed in encountering the ASEAN Economic Community (MEA) are tough teachers, able to develop the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of learners. This study is aimed to find and examine the influence of entrepreneurship attitudes and interests on learning motivation and its implication to the students’ professional competence at Teacher Training and Education Faculty of Pasundan University, with 43 students as sample. The research method is analysis descriptive method by using path analysis. The results of this study are as follows: 1) The state of students’ entrepreneurship attitude is included in good category, with average score of 4.06; 2). The state of entrepreneurship interest is in good category, with average score of 4.17; 3) The state of learning motivation is in good category, with average score of 4.14; 4) The state of students’ professional competence is in good category, with average score of 3.94; 5) There is influence of entrepreneurship attitude (X1) to learning motivation (Y) with total influence of 32.8%, interest in entrepreneurship (X2) on learning motivation (Y) with total influence of 30.47%. There is influence of entrepreneurship attitude (X1), and entrepreneurship interest (X2), simultaneously to learning motivation (Y) with total influence of 63.3%; 6) There is influence of learning motivation (Y) to professional competence (Z) of 67.7%. With the hope lecturers are able to include the understanding of entrepreneurship spirit and mental in every learning, so that the students of teacher program have entrepreneurship spirit and mental in process of professional development through learning practice.
Why Talking About Well-Being at School
Authors: Stefa Enkeleda
Published: July 2017

Education has not only the role of offering students didactic knowledge but it also has the major role to educate the young generation towards their well-being and personal growth. The school is a place where children spend a considerable part of their time and get knowledge and learn to know themselves and those around them. So then is the duty of the school to take care of children and adolescents, to grow responsible person who will be active citizens in this global world. There are precisely the experiences in the school those who affect mostly in the future of the individual. A rapid intervention, starting in the early years, represents the most accurate means to develop among the new generation the attention towards the factors on which the individual and collective well-being depends on. Schools should be repositioned because it is no longer just a place of learning, with complete reference to the materials and curricular disciplines. Education has a responsibility to treat all areas containing personal life, emotional, intellectual, social, cultural and moral. School should assure students a professional training model to provide safe and existential horizons and worth directions.The educational and formative act of the school is very essential in favor of taking and putting into practice those knowledge and competencies that can lead to lifestyles oriented toward the well-being and the prevention of deviant behavior. The school's success in promoting psychological well-being of students lies in the fact that it will decide on the most part in the future success of our society.
Cultural Relations and Political Considerations: The British Council in Eastern Europe during the 1980s
Authors: SAHEL Dr. Malika
Published: July 2017

Established between the Two World Wars in 1934, the British Council was charged to undertake Britain’s cultural relations with other countries. However, its direct involvement and adjustment to Britain’s sudden political decisions, on the international scene, is an indication on the inter-relationship between the British cultural section and the other sections of British foreign policy despite the structural separation of the British Council from British Embassies abroad and the autonomous status this cultural agency was believed to enjoy.
Unfolding Knowledge on Sexual Violence Experienced by Black Lesbian Survivors in the Townships of Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Wilson Jacqueline K.
Published: July 2017

Sexual violence is conceptualised as a hate or bias-motivated crime, and is recognised as a social problem of global proportion. However, the platform for this paper focuses on incidents of rape in South Africa, a country where the most progressive legislation concerning sexual minorities is enforced, including gender non-conforming people namely Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex (LGBTI). South Africa still must address rape inflicted on black lesbians residing in Cape Town townships, despite gender equality being granted in on the basis of sexual orientation (Silvio, 2011). The same applies to same sex marriages, making South Africa the role model of other African countries yet to be included in the signatory to the 2008 United Nations Human Rights Council Resolution on Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity. An alternative concept to categorising rape as a hate crime might be a more effective tool in the legislation to combat rape based on sexual orientation; justice will be served as a female homosexual enjoys equal citizenship as that of a heterosexual citizen. Preliminary findings show that some rape victims became mothers as a result of the rape. Rape victims discuss conception due to corrective rape and how this affects the mother-child relationship. Feedback from victims include coping mechanisms from religious beliefs to alcohol abuse. None of the rape-survivors interviewed in this study contracted HIV/AIDS as a consequence of the rape.
Perspectives of the Science of Criminology
Authors: Mustafaraj Dr. Bledar
Published: July 2017

The object of criminology is to investigate and explicate conducts contradicting social order. The roots of this science originate from the thoughts of the first generation of sensible men who were able to reflect over aggressive actions, suchlike murders or any other criminal conducts breaking social rules. In terms of moral, religious, philosophical or political outlook, the inception of criminology is even more ancient whereas from the doctrinal point of view, the origin of this science has been considered the XIX century. Later on, from the middle of the past century and on, while it was developing gradually, issues related to criminal offenses and felons were treated legally, considerations that had an effect into the future of the science in word. Criminal act may be related to political, legal, constabulary, medical, psychological or sociological issues. Deviation and criminal offenses should be analysed in terms of all these domains and precisely this is where criminology should be justified as a science, considering the pro and contrary attitudes, regarding its role as an auxiliary discipline. Therefore, it is crucial for the science of criminology not to experience any critical situations of other social sciences and not get apart from its base ideals. It should be linked more with the reality, including all actors, the society and its values, culture, etc., and respond to questions related to its own object of study, acknowledging limitations and fully playing its role in an unstable society in continuous transformation while considering the effects of its intrusions.
Problems and Support Needs of Beginning Teachers during the First Years in the Profession
Authors: Barkauskaitė Marijona , Meškauskienė Asta
Published: July 2017

The article deals with the challenges that new teachers experience in the first years of their profession while dealing with students’ educational issues. With the help of quantitative and qualitative research methods the article aims to establish the main reasons identified by the beginning teachers for the problem situations to occur and to assess the need for assisstance and support at the beginning of their teaching careers. The study allowed to establish the areas of the professional work where the following difficulties were experienced: in individualizing the learning and teaching processes, in working with students who have special educational needs; in cooperating with parents, in motivating students to learn and others. The standardized interview with school heads revealed that the difficulties experienced by the beginning teachers during their first years in the profession and the need for assistance is neither addressed by school headmasters nor by school communities. Keywords: beginning (novice/ new) teachers, profession related problems, the need for support, mentors
Risk Factors for Recidivism in Juvenile Criminal Offenders
Authors: PhD Suncica Dimitrijoska , PhD Buzarovska Gordana
Published: July 2017

In the Republic of Macedonia, very few authors are actively working on classification, evaluation, and criteria for choice of treatment of juvenile delinquents, while others are working on the evaluation of the treatment and implementation of new forms and types of interventions. On the one hand, the imperfect intervention models, and on the other hand, inadequate scientific methodology, are oftentimes factors contributing to a state which leads to problems and intervention models that are created and evaluated in one socio-cultural environment, and implemented in another environment, much more different to the former. The penological analysis of recidivism is concerned with two types of factors, such as inadequate social reaction – an improper criminal sanction, and inadequate treatment and unsuccessful process of resocialization, i.e. inadequate treatment in the facility where the sanction is being endured (Boshkovic, M., 2006). The abundance of studies conducted on the topic have all shown that the lack of parental support and mutual trust are closely correlated to the phenomenon of juvenile delinquency, which in time could lead to re-offending and recidivism. The focus of the current study is to validate the assessment instrument used by the Department of Juvenile Justice to determine a referred youth’s risk to re-offend.
Risk Factors for the Involvement in Criminal Behaviors in Adolescence
Authors: Dervishi Eglantina , Shehu Artemisi , Ibrahimi Silva
Published: July 2017

The objective of this study is to present a general overview of the risk factors that are defined by the youth as causes for their involvement in criminal activities. Method: The sample of the present study consist of 78 youth who have been sentenced in the Albanian Executive Penitenciary Institutions, regarding data collected by the interviews that inestigate within family and peer relationships as well as statistics of the institutions where juvenile serve their sentence. Data refer to the 2014-2015 time extention. Results: The number of youth involved in criminal behaviors is considerable and referring to the statistics it is progressively increasing. As it seems some indicators related to the family environment are revealed as risk factors for the commitment of juveniles in criminal behavior. Despite the influence of the personal and family factors have in juvenile criminal behavior, the peer influence is another potential risk factor. Conclusions: Teeanage needs to be seen as a very delicate period where the external inflences strongly affect the way the adolescent will try to recognize and orient themselves in life. The powerful influence of familiar facotrs through his or her development will be introduced in the mode how the adolescent will posit themselves as an adult with responsibilities to his living environment. Influences of the familiar factors will affect in their turn the way the adolescents will choose to display himself in front of peers and will be influenced either by them in an effort to find themselves and their path in life.
Severity and Reasons Behind Religious Intolerance in Pakistan: Perceptions of Sunnis, Shias, Ahmadis, and Christians
Authors: Khan Taalia , Österman Karin , Björkqvist Kaj
Published: July 2017

The aim of the study was to investigate a perceived severity of religious intolerance, and reasons behind it, among different religious groups in Pakistan. A questionnaire measuring religious intolerance was completed by 199 university students (females M = 23.8 yrs, SD 5.3, and males M = 24.6 yrs, SD 5.6) from four religious groups: Sunni, Shia, Ahmadi, and Christian. Questions regarding the severity of intolerance were included as well as the following seven scales measuring possible causes for it: impact of the school curriculum, lack of knowledge about other groups, impact of hate literature, lack of social justice, family background and peer pressure, media impact, as well as external power influence and history. Respondents of all groups agreed upon the severe level of religious intolerance towards Ahmadis. Regarding the other religious groups, opinions differed. Sunni respondents rated the seven causes for religious intolerance as lower than the others. Sunni and Shia respondents rated the impact of the school curriculum as the significantly most important reason behind religious intolerance, whereas the Ahmadis and Christians rated hate literature as the most important reason. The results suggest that there is a need for further research into social factors that could reduce religious intolerance in Pakistan. Views of different religious groups need to be taken in consideration.
Transmedia Narrative Applied to the Final Degree Projects of the Eram/Udg Audiovisual and Multimedia Degree
Authors: Gifreu-Castells Arnau , Fraixinó Miquel Bisbe
Published: July 2017

In this work, we first describe the teaching method applied in two degrees (GAM and GAE) taught at ERAM, a school attached to the Universitat de Girona. We then discuss the particular characteristics of the group and individual final degree projects. Below we list the transmedia projects produced by the students during the period 2013-2017 in different areas (fiction, nonfiction and business), and choose a representative case study from each of these three areas. This makes it possible to determine a set of methodological implementations and innovations, both formal and in terms of contents, which we discuss in the present work.
The Foreign Affairs of a State is Based on Its Strength in the International System
Authors: Mexhuani Burim
Published: July 2017

Neorealists say that a country's Foreign Affairs is based on its power or position as the power that has a state
in the international system. Field of International Relations based on international legal policies and norms; It
can be defined by different political perspectives and phenomena, depending on certain theories. Theories are
the best determinant of defining policies in the International System. For a long time, in the international system
have dominated realistic, liberal and radical theories; After the Second World War for the purposes of explaining
or defining international policies, other theories, including neo-realism, were listed. As a structured theory versus
reality that defined the theory of alignment for defining political theories in the international system. In
International Relations there is no central authority or world government, the state and the international
environment is in a state of anarchy, which pushes the states to create the conditions to create an environment
where they can survive. Special studies of International Relations theory were spurred especially after World
War I and World War II. The neorealistic theory itself contains some elements that differ from other theories and
that as its base takes the strength or position of power of states in the international system. Responses to the
framework of action, the theories are directed as perimeters to solve the problems of the international system.
The international relations system may be positioned in other circumstances when a power is not balanced,
depending on the different circumstances of politics and politicians
Emotional Intelligence, Its Relation with Social Interaction and Perceived Social Support
Authors: Macula Albulena Metaj -
Published: July 2017

The studty aims to present the Emotional Intelligence construct, and to determine the extent to which Emotional Intelligence influence social interaction and perceived social support. The study reveals important dimensions within the EI construct and emphasizes the relationships between these dimensions and predictive value for social interaction and perceived social support. Studies in the field of Emotional Intelligence, indicate that the this new construct of Intelligence, (EI), operates within the social context, therefore, the examination of socially relevant variables is perceived to be crucial for the results of the study. It has been hypothesised that there is a positive relation between Emotional Intelligence, its dimensions and social interacion and perceived social support. Data were gathered through using a structured questionnaire of Emotional Intelligence ( Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., - Dornheim, L. 1998) , Interpersonal Communication Inventory, Millard J. Bienvun, Sr, 1971) for measuring aspects of social interaction, and Multidimensional Scale on Perceived Social Support, (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet - Farely, 1998). Correlation analysis was used to test the hypothesis of the study. Preliminary results appear to present interesting data and to offer an initial platform for interaction on the importance and relevance of the study and its related variables.
The Positive Impact of Rural Migration
Authors: Güreşci Ertuğrul
Published: July 2017

Rural migration, which has commenced in Europe in the late 1700s, can be defined as the social movement that has occurred in parallel with the Industrial Revolution. The urbanization of the population in rural areas arising from various economic and social causes is also accepted as a result of economic and social changes and developments. It is also a known fact the cited developments and changes have been considered to be a problem for the country and various measures have been taken with an eye to solve the foregoing issue. Basing on such an approach, it is concluded that rural migration has consistently a negative impact. However, it should also be considered that it is necessary to evaluate rural migration as an expected consequence of the economic development process of a country and the necessity of turning this situation into opportunity must also be considered. This study, which has been conducted through basing on this point, aims to bring to the forefront the fact that rural migration, as well as being a problem, also creates some positive results. It is expected also that the aim for bringing this fact to the forefront is expected to be helpful in revealing the requirement that migration from rural areas should also be discussed with the positive aspects thereof.
Legal Issues of Assisted Reproduction- the Albanian Perspective
Authors: Zyberaj Jonada
Published: July 2017

Assisted reproduction was provided in Albania as an alternative way of reproduction by the "Reproductive Health" law of 2002. This law is an attempt to give the possibility of access in new technologies of reproduction as surrogacy, heterologues and homologues artificial reproduction to infertile persons, but since the enter into force of this law no further provisions has been made to regulate the procedures and the consequences coming from its applicability. The issue of assisted reproduction is still a subject of debate and of legislative changes as it is still not completely regulated by law. in this important issue, constitutional rights of different individuals, different interests and family law principles are involved. Ethical, scientific and legal factors are those which should be taken into consideration by the legislator in the attempt to make further legislative provisions. This paper analyses the few provisions on the assisted reproduction in the Albanian legislation. As a concept which implicates many institutions in different fields, the paper aims to give the Albanian perspective on different legal issues related to the topic. The reproductive right as human right and the state liability to ensure it through the health care system should be analyzed according to the Albanian Constitution and the European Court of Human Rights. The consequences of the ART on the family law is another legal issue with which the Albanian legislator has to deal with as the implementation of the techniques on assisted reproduction was not accompanied by the necessary changes in the provisions of family law. The legislations of different European countries which have the best experiences on the field will be put face to face and compared in order to give the best practices.
Why is There a Higher Rate of Self-Employed People in the Minority Sectors Than in the Majority Sector: Study Case in Israel 2011
Authors: Shahor Tal
Published: July 2017

One of the main problems facing governments today is the integration of the minority sectors into the national economy. This study examines this issue in the context of the Arab minority and the Jewish majority in Israel. An important aspect of this problem is the integration of Arabs into the Israeli workforce. The objective of this study is to investigate this problem by dividing the workforce into two sectors – wage-earning employees and the self-employed. The basis for the discussion is that an employee in the job market who, for different reasons, is unable to receive suitable remuneration that is on a par with his or her skill level will turn to the self-employed sector. Within this framework, I compared the way in which the workforce in each sector (Jewish and Arab) was divided between the self-employed sector and the wage-earning employee sector and from this distribution I sought to learn about the integration of Arabs into the Israeli workforce. in 2011 the results of this study show that within the Arab population, the self-employed sector has a relative advantage because of the weakness of the wage-earning employee sector.
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT APPLICATION during the ENTRANCE and BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT in FOREIGN MARKETS – KOSOVO MARKET CASE
Authors: Gashi Rrezarta
Published: July 2017

FDI (Foreign Direct Investments) are very important for many businesses worldwide including Kosovo as a country which is seeking for foreign investors to get healed from distraction of the past. Due to the capacity and purchasing power it has, market of Kosovo can be attractive for small and middle businesses intending to invest. Best options prospering in this sort of market, similar to Kosovo market, is by building of partnership or emerging businesses between foreign investors and domestic businesses as the best alternative for both parties. I would stress out the Kosovo market has potential for foreign companies to use the strategic management in order to expand their businesses, in this case in close cooperation or any kind of partnership with local companies by using opportunity in doing business in the field of distribution, representation and sales. Foreign interested companies intending to invest in Kosovo can use the strategic management in the field of operation such are: Distribution – usage of distribution strategies by getting into the partnership with domestic companies, Representation – practicing strategic planning of products offering in partnership with local businesses, Sales – can be mingled experience of companies which operate in Kosovo with best practices from other markets. This combination can afford reaching strategy planes effecting on better sales and aligning the company politics for: Logistic marketing – appropriate for current market of operation, Storage of goods – using the warehouses of partners or distributors, Transportation – using the vehicles of transport that partners are working with according to the agreement between partners – investor and native businesses- about the obligation and expenses for goods transportation.
Examining the Relationship of Corruption with Economic Growth, Poverty and Gender Inequality Albanian Case
Authors: Tafa Jonada
Published: July 2017

This thesis examines the relationship of corruption with economic growth, poverty and gender inequality in Albania. Albania is a developing country with a GDP growth rate of 1.6% (World Bank, 2012) and income inequality is a serious problem that government has to deal with. Regarding gender discrimination a lot of progress is made. The current government counts six female ministers in its body. Corruption in Albania is a widespread phenomenon and is found almost in every sector of life. TI CPI index ranks Albania in the 116 place out of 177 countries observed. To study this relationship a multiple regression analysis is conducted. Data for this analysis correspond to years 2000 to 2012 and is accessed from World Bank database. in this analysis CC from World Bank is the dependent variable, while FDI, GDP growth rate, GNI per Capita, Unemployment Rate, Proportion of Women in Parliamentary Positions and Women's share in Labor Force Participation Rate are the explanatory variables. The first two variables are used as indicators of economic growth. GNI per capita and Unemployment rate account for poverty, while the last two variables account for gender inequality. The results have shown that when the level of FDIs in Albania is increased government performance in control of corruption is improved. From the analysis it is understood that a decrease in unemployment rate would increase government performance in control of corruption. The results of the analysis showed that when unemployment rate increase, CC decreases. Regarding the link of corruption with GDP growth rate and GNI per capita, an inverse relationship is observed. With an increase in either GDP growth rate or GNI per capita, CC will decrease. Even the relationship with number of women in parliament and their share in labor force participation rate with corruption resulted to be negative. An increase in either proportion of women in parliamentary positions or share of them in labor force participation rate has shown to worsen government performance in control of corruption.
Overview of the Romanian Rural Development Policy: 2007-2013
Authors: Mihalache Flavius
Published: July 2017

Since 2007, Romania was given the chance to develop a system for implementing development projects by attracting substantial external funding. in the period 2007-2013 the financial intervention in the rural areas, as part of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), was a very consistent one (more than 10 billion euro). National Program for Rural Development 2007-2013 (NRDP) represents the strategy which presents the main characteristics of the financial support addressed to rural areas. The paper has two objectives: to explore the main problems NPRD 2007-2013 occurred and to discuss about its matching to the socio-economic reality of Romania. It consists in a desk-research, using secondary analysis on statistical reports and official documents as the methodological background. The data sources used are: Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Interim report of National Rural Development Programme; Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development – General Directorate for Rural Development, The situation of the NPRD projects, recorded in monitoring tables; The National Rural Development Programme 2007-2013 (consolidated version, December, 2013). Main results show important differences among NRDP interventions (measures). Some of them are in a good situation, but, in the same time, parts of them are delayed, facing huge difficulties from various reasons. On the other hand, our findings show that there is not a perfect match between the financial support programs and the Romanian rural reality. for the next period, in order to maximize the impact of the public intervention, Romanian authorities have to reconsider some key aspects of the programs, according more importance to the local characteristics of the rural areas.
The Content of Peer Helping Program
Authors: Birol Zehra Nesrin
Published: July 2017

With the study, which is a collection of the overall literature, the aim is to explain the concept of peer helping and its content. It is also our aim to enlighten people who are interested in the topic about where and how peer helping programs might be used. Peer helping concept consists of the idea that peers advise each other spontenaously and while doing this, active listening, problem solving skills, mental health and human development knowledge are naturally used. Peer helping is a system of counseling in which peers who are at the same age and status might help each other (Birol, 2005). The study aims to provide sufficient knowledge for the ones who are in the arena about what and how to establish a qualified peer helping program and of its principles. Additionally, how to choose peer helpers and the methods are partly discussed. It is known that the election of peer helpers has various applications. One way is applying for it voluntarily (Baginsky, 2004), second is being a nominee by others (Cartwright 2005), third is choosing a selective course (Myrick ve Folk:1991), fourth is interviews (Birol;2005) or applying some tests. The interview method has its own standards and also in the study the characteristics of peer helpers are examined as they have to be qualified and able to conduct the counseling sessions in an appropriate way. The study also mentions about the aim of peer helping. It presents us a brief information about the relation between peer helping and preventional guidance. Peer helping is a useful method for it is used in various fields and it facilitates people who work in the arena to reach many individuals at schools or other educational institutions.
A Psychological Study of Relationship between Dysfunctional Attitude and Self-Esteem in Committing Suicide
Authors: Jarchi Reza , Shahiditabar Mostafa , Shahiditabar Servat
Published: July 2017

Suicide is the act or an instance of taking one's own life voluntarily and intentionally especially by a person who has no aim to continue his/her life. This study is concerned with the case of suicide who wanted to kill herself by means of a bowl of liquid (combination of pesticide, oil and some drugs) with the symptom of low self-esteem. in the case of methodology, The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) is used to measure the attitude of the subject. Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory is also used for measurement of self-esteem of the subject. Also some interviews were conducted with the subjects' school teachers and family. The results of the study show that the subject has low self–esteem and her cognitive misunderstandings are higher than normal. This study also confirms that high cognitive misunderstandings as well as low self-esteem causes suicide.
EU and NATO, Need For a Coherent Partnership
Authors: Gjana Ferdinand
Published: July 2017

The United States and its European allies share a common commitment to global order, moderated by the quest of global justice. So long as the Soviet Union stationed its armies across central Europe, the overriding common interest of maintaining the security and freedom of Western Europe held the Atlantic Alliance together. Underneath this, however, interests (and perceptions of interests) had diverged from the 1960s onwards, as American security concerns focused more on Southeast Asia and the Persian Gulf, while European governments explored the possibilities of détente within their own region. Since 1990, different geopolitical positions have driven US and European interests apart. Different trends in energy dependence - and different understandings of climate change - have also shaped distinctive interests. Different levels of military capability in the projection of force have interacted with divergent understandings of the process of political, social and economic development, of the roots of terrorist movements and the pathology of aggressive state regimes. Widespread resistance within the USA to accepting the legitimacy of international law and of global institutions, rooted in the belief in the exceptional character of the U.S. Constitution and the self-evident morality of American policy, as well as in the self-evident supremacy of U.S. military power, has also widened the gap in interests and understandings across the Atlantic. In recent years, the most fundamental challenge to management of the EU-NATO relationship has been the combination of a United States drifting toward unilat¬eralism and European concentration on creating an "autonomous" defence policy. Such natural but ominous tendencies could feed on one another, creating cir¬cumstances that could lead the transatlantic bargain from one crisis to another. This article deals with the EU-NATO relations and their views regarding the security and the partnership in general.
Youth Development in Albania
Authors: Keqi Armanda , Kokalari Bora , Beqiri Sabina
Published: July 2017

Young generations are those who make lives livelier and happier, who design the future and make the change, the ones with full hope and enthusiasm to go further and make the impossible possible. As every country of Europe, Asia or America, Albania as well is surrounded by a very fruitful young ladies and gentlemen's. This paper aims to analyse the changes of the youth development in Albania during the transition period. The young development in Albania has faced many problems, such as the difference between the levels of development of the youths that live in the other cities of Albania with the ones of the capital. Rural areas and small towns are closed where a portion of youth in minor are totally dependent from family, and they are exactly that with their weak hands are inclined to do the heavy work to keep their family one more day alive. Youth at the opening of the borders, generally tended to leave towards legal immigration either as tourist or in illegal opportunities addressing major countries like Britain, Greece, Italy, Belgium etc. Albania needs to make arrangements which will be financed by businessmen, private universities in cooperation with the state to offer young people opportunities to work together and to be closer to each other and to show their skills in conversation competitions. At the same time the state has other open universities in backward areas which will provide young entrepreneurs' with more opportunities for young people to graduate and to serve different areas. Meanwhile, there is needed a strategy to separate the fields in which there is a need to have more expert in the field which is required to work also which would come more to help the country's economy with the addition of experts. Albania is a country blessed where high mountains finish in seas, where groundwater resources are numerous, and with a conductive climate to produce almost all kinds of fruits and where vegetation is very diverse. If the youth will be directed towards learning of foreign languages and in recognition of their territories, traditions and customs, thus, we would make a big step because tourism market is precisely the kind of market where young people will find themselves more comfortable than ever, where the labour force will be insufficient paid and where the demand for products would be required as the number of tourists would be great and just the requirements would change in terms of application areas during the summer as it would be for beaches and seasonal fruits, while during the winter for skiing and mountain tourism.
New Forms of Government and the Europenisation of Minority Representation: the Case of European Roma
Authors: Anghel Ionuţ Marian
Published: July 2017

The situation of roma since the fall of socialism is a paradox. On the one hand, many organizations, international governing organizations (IGOs), such as the European Union (Council of Europe, European Commission, European Parliament), the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the World Bank and the United Nations (UNDP, UNICEF, ILO), local and international/transnational NGOs, government agencies are involved in projects for Roma to improve their situation in Europe. Roma have become the target of social inclusion programs of the European Union (EU), the Decade of Roma Inclusion - a project of the Open Society Foundation and the World Bank -, Strategies for improving the situation of Roma developed by governments in Southeastern Europe. On the other hand, Roma continue to be marginalized, discriminated against, politically underrepresented, with a higher probability of being unemployed, not having access to public services - education, health , housing - compared with the majority population. This paper seeks to understand how was it possible to understand the recent shift from the representation of the Roma as a non-European minority, which lasted since their arrival in Europe until the fall of socialist regimes, to their representation as an European minority as it is shown in documents of the European institutions and the World Bank? How did Roma appear on the EU social inclusion agenda, the Human Development agenda of UNDP or the minority rights agenda of OSCE?
Service Quality and Consumer Perception on Retail Banking Facilities and Employees' Courtesy in Malaysia and New Zealand
Authors: Abdullah Moha Asri , Abd Manaf Noor Hazilah , Ahsan Kamru , Azam Ferdous
Published: July 2017

Service quality and consumer perception are the issues being focused solicitously by the business community today. With the expansion of the banking sector and extensive market formation, scopes of different acuity and satisfaction level for consumers seem to impose a mingle game of their perception on service quality especially in retail banking. However, this study is focused on the service quality and consumer perception on retail banking facilities and employees' courtesy in Malaysia and New Zealand. for this purpose, a total of 293 respondents participated in this study. Factor analysis was performed to identify the influencing dimensions of service quality, hence revealing two such factors: banking facilities and employees' courtesy. in order to test the hypotheses vis-à-vis the effect of these two attributes of service quality, structural equation modeling was then employed. The study discovers that while banking facilities exert a significant positive influence on consumer perception, employees' courtesy does not. The findings of the present study are expected to hold significant implications for the managers in the retail banking sector in enhancing the service quality and customer perception. The findings also expectantly reveal the most obvious implication considering banking service providers to further improve their services quality with greater efficiency and as a way to better compete in the current marketplace. However, few limitations and suggestions for possible future studies are put forward in this regard.
Young Graduates are Looking for Jobs! between Education and the Labor Market
Authors: Ioana Naghi Dana
Published: July 2017

The social inclusion on the labor market of a young graduate marks a decisive step in the process of transition to adulthood. Theoretically, completing a higher education level should increase the employment chances of a young person who has just entered within the labor market. in this regard, the paper aims to describe the situation of the young graduates in Romania, concerning: the extent to which education increases the chances of accessing the labor market, what statistics tell us about the situation of the youth in Romania and where do we stand at the European level, and also how the labor market inequalities are reproduced. From a broader view, this paper points out also the main challenges that youth face on the labor market, such as: the un\employment and the precarious jobs, the spreading of the underemployment and the lack of jobs, the educational patterns and labor market changes, these are some topics that will be discussed.
Functional Literacy and Text Creation
Authors: Popovic Dusanka
Published: July 2017

The results of research about functional literacy (i.e. ability to read, understand and create text and understand its further use), and especially those results that 15-year-olds show in Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), as well as the importance of this competence for life and work in a modern society, indicate the need for analysis of all the segments that affect its development and improvement. Project How to help students to successfully create oral and written, artistic and non-artistic texts addresses this area in particular. The culture of oral and written expression, as productive language skills, is very interesting to research, and especially to improve. Inseparable from the receptive skills of listening and reading, they are their explicit product. A significant number of theorists and methodologists dealt with this area, but their activity was usually focused on what the teacher needed to do for the students to write well (focused on the process, method, or the result: students' written work). What is unquestionably lacking, but is in the spirit of the changes that we have introduced in our educational system, is dealing with the student as a creator of the text. The observations of methodologists of language and literature teaching prove that this factor in teacher-student-written work conjunction was least dealt with. They point out that the main characteristic of the current literature on the written expression is exaggerated orientation towards written works and neglecting of their authors (creators). The aim of the project was to investigate and recommend the best ways in which to build a functional literacy in the area of successful creation of oral and written text, i.e. to propose a more efficient teaching in the field of oral and written expression. This paper analyzes the opportunities for the development of these areas, providing current educational programs for Mother tongue language and literature in Montenegro, and presents the methodical approach The Creator's path designed as a means of support for all students when creation of text is in question.