bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Breastfeeding Duration with Cardiac Structure and Function in 4 Years Old
Authors: Sun Kun , Wang Zhi , Yang Ling , Du Bowen , Wang Hualin , Xu Caifang , Wang Qianchuo , Li Zhuoyan , Xu Zhikang , Wang Hui , Wang Jian
Published: October 2024

Background
Breast milk is an important source of nutrition for infant development. But few studies have investigated the relationship between breastfeeding duration and children's cardiac structure and function.
Objectives
To assess the association of the duration of breastfeeding in infancy with cardiac structures and functions in 4-year-old children.
Methods
We analyzed follow-up data from the Shanghai Birth Cohort (SBC). A total of 891 mother-offspring pairs were included in this study. This study calculates the total duration of breastfeeding, which includes exclusive breastfeeding and mixed feeding. The duration of breastfeeding was categorized into three groups: less than 6 months, 6 to 12 months, and 12 months or more.
Results
The results showed that: compared to 4-year-old children who were breastfed for less than 6 months, those breastfed for more than 6 months had bigger left atrial and ventricular volume, including increased left atrial diastolic volume [LAVd (βad: 2.09, 95% CIad: 1.35, 2.83)], left atrial systolic volume [LAVs (βad: 0.92, 95% CIad: 0.53, 1.3)], left ventricular diastolic volume [LVEDV (βad: 2.00, 95% CIad: 0.36, 3.62)] and systolic volume [LVESV (βad: 0.87, 95% CIad: 0.17, 1.57)]. The cardiac structural changes in 4-year-old children breastfed for more than 12 months were consistent with those breastfed for 6–12 months. In the further subgroup analysis, the above findings were more evident in girls and children born with lower birthweight.
Conclusions
Four-year-old children who were breastfed for six months or more had increased left heart volume, and this association was influenced by gender and birthweight.
Experimentally designed sensor for the real-time detection of Molnupiravir degradation: Optimization, Characterization, and Application"
Authors: EL-Sanafery Safa S. , [ Gehad G. Mohamed , Hamad Sherif F. , Saad Ahmed Sayed
Published: October 2024

Isobutyric acid is short-chain fatty acid. In pharmaceutical analysis, quantifying isobutyric acid is essential for ensuring the purity and stability of pharmaceutical products. Molnupiravir, for instance, is an antiviral drug approved by the FDA to treat COVID-19. Isobutyric acid is a known impurity that may be present in Molnupiravir formulations due to the synthesis process or degradation over time. Isobutyric acid can irritate the lungs. Repeated exposure may cause bronchitis to develop with cough, phlegm, and/or shortness of breath. The current study is the first study for isobutyric acid determination used carbon paste electrodes. Tetradodecyl ammonium chloride surfactant (TDAC) used as ionophore in a quality-by-design approach to develop and optimize a carbon-paste sensor for isobutyric acid . Twenty-one sensors with different compositions were tested, and the results were computationally analyzed to generate prediction models. Using the prediction models, the function predicted with 96.7% desirability that a sensor containing 16.85% ion-exchanger, 0% graphene, and o-NPOE as a plasticizer would achieve a Nernstian slope of 57.035 mV/decade, an R-squared approaching unity, and a response time of 6.2 seconds. The sensor accurately measured isobutyric acid concentrations within a wide linear range (9.0×10-8 –1.0×10-2 mol L-1) with high sensitivity and selectivity. The sensor’s morphologya and compostion were examined using the scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Isobutyric acid was determined in different smamples like waste water, urine and plasma and spiked Molnupiravir standard samples. Molnupiravir thermal stability also was examined using proposed electrode. The results obtained from electrochemical method was compared with data obtained from HPLC method.
Evaluation of Primary Health Care Nurses’ Knowledge and Neonatal Screening Performance for Phenylketonuria in Alexandria
Authors: Ismail Esraa , Elarousy Wafaa , Badawe Shaymaa , Abohadida Rasha
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Nurses play a crucial role in the primary prevention of phenylketonuria (PKU) within national screening programs for newborns. This is achieved through consult with the child's provider promptly to arrange a PKU test, accurate collection of blood samples at maternal and child health centers, enable early detection of potential cases.
Aim: This study aimed to assess the level of primary health care nurses’ knowledge and neonatal screening performance for phenylketonuria in Alexandria
Methods: A descriptive research design was used. The study included all nurses (50 nurses) who are responsible for obtaining newborn screening test from 5 primary health care centers in Alexandria. Two tools were used to collect the necessary data: nurses' knowledge regarding phenylketonuria disease assessment sheet and nurses' performance about newborn screening for phenylketonuria observational checklist.
Results: it was found that the mean age of participant was 42.94±5.0 and 52% of them had completed their technical level of education and the means years of experience was 17.64±4.84. The total mean score of nurses' knowledge regarding phenylketonuria screening was 16.24±1.99 with the mean percent score of 72.72±8.27. It was also found the total score of nurses' screening performance was 11.0±0.97 with the mean percent score of 64.71±5.70. A significant positive correlation was found between nurses’ knowledge and their screening performance with P = <0.001.
Conclusion: It was concluded from this current study that majority of participant nurses had correct knowledge in neonatal screening and many aspects of phenylketonuria disease. Although the majority of nurses correctly performed many screening steps, they still need support in many steps especially related to infection control steps.
Bioinspired structural color hydrogel skin from colloidal crystal arrays for epidermal sensing
Authors: Fu Fanfan , Liu Changyi , Zhao Qingyu , Cao Yucheng , Li Xiaohui , Peng Kexin
Published: October 2024

Developing multifunctional structural color hydrogel skin without sacrificing the unique periodic structure of photonic crystals is still a challenge due to the photonic bandgap limitation. Taking advantage of the synergistic effect of electrostatic repulsion and electronic conductivity, an intelligent structural color hydrogel skin with electrical and photonic sensing capabilities has been developed by doping MXene (Ti3C2Tx) nanosheets and adhesive functional groups (nucleobases) into colloidal particle solutions. The introduction of MXene nanosheets could improve both the stability and the electrical conductivity of the colloidal particle solutions, resulting in a conductive hydrogel with bright structural colors. With the help of functional groups of nucleobases, the resulting structural color hydrogel was also endowed with high biocompatibility and strong adhesion to different substrates, including the wet surface of tissues. It was demonstrated that the structural color hydrogel can not only realize visual sensing of tiny limb movements but also provide stable electrical sensing signals. The intelligent structural color hydrogel can be integrated into a capacitor device as a hydrogel electronic skin to simulate the sensory function of human skin. The results showed that such hydrogel skin can simulate the touch of human skin and perceive tiny movements on the body surface with both electrical and photonic singles. These features of the multifunctional structural color hydrogels make them potentially excellent value in bio-inspired hydrogel skin electronics.
Monitoring and Prediction of Surface Subsidence by Combining SSA-LSTM and TS-InSAR - A Case Study of Kunming Urban Area
Authors: Li Bolin , Peng Yilong , Tang ShaoFan , Li Yuehan , Wang Bo , Li Jianhua
Published: October 2024

To enhance our understanding of urban surface deformation mechanisms and to prevent geohazards, this study utilizes two time-series Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) methods with Sentinel-1 data: Persistent Scatterer-InSAR (PS-InSAR) and Small Baseline Subset-InSAR (SBAS-InSAR). These complementary methods jointly validate surface subsidence data in Kunming's urban area from 2020 to 2022. Utilizing this data, the study introduces and implements a Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network model, which is optimized by the Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA), to forecast and analyze future surface subsidence trends in Kunming. The results reveal that: (1) Kunming's urban area is undergoing persistent, large-scale surface subsidence, with cumulative subsidence measured at 122.8 mm. (2) Geographical location significantly influences the subsidence areas. (3) The subsidence in Area B is predominantly influenced by vehicular traffic. (4) The SSA-LSTM model accurately predicts the future trajectory of surface subsidence in Kunming's urban environment. (5) The complexity of the causes of surface settlement in Kunming is linked to natural factors, including geography, climate, and geology, as well as human activities such as rapid urbanization, groundwater extraction, subsurface construction, and mining operations. In conclusion, through a thorough, multifaceted analysis employing various methods, this study offers fresh insights and a robust scientific foundation for grasping the dynamics of surface subsidence in Kunming and for the anticipation and prevention of geological disasters. Subsequent research will continue to investigate the myriad factors influencing surface subsidence to more precisely forecast and mitigate the risks of geohazards. This work is vital for informed urban planning and the promotion f sustainable development.
Preserving quality and enhancing sensory attributes of chicken lunch meat: free and microencapsulated shrimp shell extract
Authors: Sharayei Parvin , Azarpazhooh Elham , Zare Fatemeh , Sabeghi Yeganeh
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the effects of free (FAST) and microencapsulated forms (MFAST, and MSAST) of astaxanthin (AST) on the quality, antioxidant and sensory properties of chicken lunch meat (CLM) over a 45-day period at 4°C, and were compared along with synthetic sodium nitrate and a control sample. The results demonstrated that AST levels in CLMs decreased during storage; however, microencapsulation significantly preserved approximately twice as much AST compared to CLMs containing free AST. Samples containing AST showed significantly higher antioxidant activity compared to both the control and sodium nitrate samples. Microencapsulated forms exhibited stronger radical scavenging activity, surpassing the free forms by more than 10 units, particularly in CLMs supplemented with freeze-dried AST (approximately 44% higher). Microbial growth rate increased over time, ranging from 2.82 ± 0.03 log10(CFU/g) on the first day to over 5.35 ± 0.04 log10(CFU/g) on day 45, while still remaining within acceptable microbial limits. In terms of sensory attributes, the FAST treatment at different concentrations resulted in moderately acceptable levels, however, the MFAST and MSAST treatments at higher concentrations received excellent scores. These findings highlight the potential of microencapsulation as a valuable technique for preserving AST and developing high-quality meat products with extended shelf life and enhanced sensory characteristics.
Association between different insulin resistance surrogates and all-cause mortality in patients with Osteoarthritis: Evidence from a large population-based study
Authors: Xuan Mingyang , Zhao Peihan , Xiao Congyou , Zhong Xianggen
Published: October 2024

Background
Timely identification and intervention of risk factors impacting prognosis are imperative for individuals with Osteoarthritis (OA). However, the relationship between insulin resistance (IR) surrogates and long-term all-cause mortality in patients with OA remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the relationship between different IR surrogates and all-cause mortality and identify valuable predictors of survival status in this population.
Methods
The data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2001–2018) and National Death Index (NDI). Multivariate Cox regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were performed to evaluate the relationship between homeostatic model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), triglyceride glucose index (TyG index), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI index) and all-cause mortality. The segmented regression and Log-likelihood ratio test were conducted to calculate cut-off points when segmenting effects were found. Then, segmented Kaplan–Meier analysis, LogRank tests, and multivariable Cox regression were carried out. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA) were drawn to evaluate the differentiation and accuracy of IR surrogates in predicting the all-cause mortality. Stratified analysis and interaction tests were conducted according to age, gender, diabetes, cancer, and hypoglycemic drugs or insulin use.
Results
1154 participants were included in the study. During the median follow-up of 124 months, 369 participants died. RCS showed that HOMA-IR had a segmented effect on all-cause mortality. 3.72 was a statistically significant inflection point. When the HOMA-IR was less than 3.72, it was negatively associated with all-cause mortality[HR = 0.78,95%CI (0.64, 0.94),P = 0.011]. Conversely, when the HOMA-IR was greater than 3.72, it was positively associated with all-cause mortality [HR = 1.05,95%CI (1.01, 1.09),P = 0.017]. ROC and calibration curves indicated that HOMA-IR was a reliable predictor of survival status (area under curve = 0.8475). No interactions between HOMA-IR and stratified variables were found.
Conclusion
HOMA-IR display a U-shaped association with all-cause mortality in patients with OA. HOMA-IR was a reliable predictor of all-cause mortality in this population.
Clinical aspects, persistent symptoms, physical functionality, and quality of life 24 months after COVID-19
Authors: Salgado Marcos Moreno , Silva Flaviana Santos de Sousa , Lima Giérisson Brenno Borges , Jansen Tailane Cristina Sousa , Borges Daniel Lago , Salgado Pollyanna Maria Santos Diniz , Filho Almir Vieira Dibai , Correa Hugo de Luca , Amorim Carlos Eduardo Neves
Published: October 2024

Introduction Patients affected by SARS-CoV-2 may experience sequelae and symptoms such as fatigue, abnormalities in lung function and decreased quality of life scores.
Objective To evaluate the clinical, functional aspects, and quality of life post-COVID-19 recovery.
Methods This study comprised 43 patients from São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil. Were collected manovacuometry, Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), Post-COVID-19 Functional Scale (PCFS), EuroQol-5D Quality of Life Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L), and anthropometry.
Results Predominated females, age of 55±12.3 years; 93.0% reported tiredness and fatigue. Women exhibited a higher percentage of normal maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) (60.5%) and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), moderate (36.8%). Moderate functional limitation was reported by 51.2%, and 48% experienced fatigue. The EQ-5D-5L averaged 60, with 46.5% at high cardiovascular risk based on waist-hip ratio, 16.3% identified as sarcopenic. Unsupervised machine learning correlated higher MIP and MEP with lower fatigue and sarcopenia. The main components in the multivariate analysis were: waist, hip, calf circumference and MIP.
Conclusion Anthropometry negatively impact functionality and quality of life. Symptoms as fatigue, joint pain, and dyspnea, persisted approximately 24 months post-COVID-19.
Symmetric and Asymmetric Impact of Gender Inequality, Gender Parity Index, Trade Openness, Green Energy and FLFP on Economic Growth in India
Authors: Kaur Simarpreet , Yadav Arvind Kumar , Ansari Mohd Arshad , Jena Pabitra Kumar
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the dynamic relationship between gender inequality, gender parity, trade openness green energy and female labour force participation in India over 33 years from 1990 to 2022. The ARDL results show that female labour force participation, male labour force participation and gender parity positively and significantly affect economic growth in the short and long term. The NARDL model in labour force participation rate observed positive and negative shocks, with negative shocks having a greater effect on economic growth. In the short run, green energy has less impact on economic growth compared to female labour force participation. These findings confirmed that the government should prioritise boosting female labour force participation, which has a critical impact on economic growth. Investment in skill development and inclusive labour policies might reduce the negative shocks.
JEL Classification: J16, J21, O40
WITHDRAWN: Peripheral Venous Pressure Measurements to Evaluate Congestion in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Coşkun mükremin , Evlice Mert , yıldırım abdullah , çetin abdullah eren , paçacı emre , sezici emre , coşkun halil , kurt ibrahim halil
Published: October 2024

Background
Right atrial pressure (RAP) is an important prognostic criterion in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Elevated mean RAP measured by cardiac catheterization is an independent risk factor for mortality. Accurate bedside assessment of congestion in the management of patients with PH remains challenging. As a continuous conduit of circulating fluid, systemic congestion represented by high RAP may be reflected by peripheral venous pressure (PVP). We evaluated the reliability of PVP measurements for assessing congestion beyond conventional clinical assessments.
Methods
We performed conventional congestion assessments and PVP measurements in 138 patients undergoing right heart catheterization. PVP was measured via the 22-gauge peripheral venous access placed in the upper extremity.
Results
The mean RAP and PVP were 8.7 ± 4.2 mmHg and 10.7 ± 4.3 mmHg, respectively. PVP exhibited a strong linear correlation with RAP (Pearson r = 0.839; p < 0.001). PVP demonstrated significant discriminatory power for both RAP < 8 mmHg (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.91 [95% confidence interval: 0.86–0.96]; sensitivity: 72%; specificity: 94% cut-off: 8.5mmHg) and RAP ≥ 12 mmHg (AUC: 0.92 [0.87–0.97]; sensitivity: 82%; specificity: 89% cut-off: 12.5mmHg).
Conclusions
PVP measured via peripheral venous access strongly correlates with invasively obtained RAP. PVP measurements may improve current bedside assessments of congestion.
The Analysis of Causes for Higher Soil Fungal Diversity in Shrubs Compared to Trees in Alpine Forests
Authors: Xudong Li
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the causes of higher soil fungal diversity in shrubs compared to trees in alpine forests. Although numerous studies have shown a positive correlation between fungal diversity and temperature, shrub soil in alpine forests exhibits greater fungal diversity despite low temperatures. By analyzing soil samples from different vegetation types in alpine forests and utilizing paired-end sequencing of community DNA fragments with Illumina technology, the results demonstrate that soil fungal diversity and abundance under shrubs are significantly higher than those under trees (P < 0.05). This suggests that alpine shrubs exert a stronger promoting effect on soil fungal community diversity. Further analysis indicates that this difference may be closely related to the distinctive characteristics of shrub litter and root exudates. This study provides a new perspective on the interactions between vegetation and soil microorganisms in alpine ecosystems and offers valuable insights for ecological restoration and soil management practices.
Exposing the Obscured Influence of State-Controlled Media via Causal Inference of Quotation Propagation
Authors: Schlessinger Joseph , Bennet Richard , Coakwell Jacob , Smith Steven , Kao Edward
Published: October 2024

Reporting by major media outlets influences news coverage by other outlets, resulting in an outsized impact on public opinion. Understanding this inter-outlet influence, known as intermedia agenda setting, is important for assessing the impact of state media and strategic communications. We demonstrate a novel method to quantify inter-outlet influence using causal inference on "quote following," where one outlet uses the same quote as another outlet at a later date. By applying our methodology to a dataset of quotes from over 100,000 articles published in European media between May 2018 and October 2019, we reveal obscured influence by Russian state-affiliated media over other outlets and the general dynamics of European media. We find that Russian state-controlled media have a strong influence on the coverage of other Russian outlets, including independent outlets. Moreover, this influence extends to media ecosystems of other countries. Finally, we demonstrate quantifying inter-outlet influence on the specific topic of nuclear forces treaty, as an example of precision study of intermedia agenda setting on specific issues. Overall, our methodology quantifies sources and channels of influence between news outlets with important implications for strategic communication, influence operations, and media independence.
Have Commercial Element Colors Damaged the Features of Historic District? — A Case Study of Shiquan Street in SooChow, China
Authors: Wu Yao , Miao MingRui , Ding ZiRong , Wu YongLan , Zhan MengShan
Published: October 2024

The introduction of modern commercial elements helps to enhance the vitality of historic districts and promote the revitalization of cultural heritage. However, in order to attract tourists and consumers, modern commercial elements often use bright colors with high saturation, which are in strong contrast with the color tone and features of traditional buildings in historic districts. Therefore, it is of great significance to evaluate whether commercial elements have damaged the historical landscape and propose optimization strategies. Taking the main street of Shiquan Street in SooChow as the object, evaluation was made to the color harmony of commercial elements, which identified the negative colors that had a negative impact on the landscape, and proposal was made for the colors to maintain the features of the historic district. The Mask2Former image semantic segmentation based on VIT model was used to accurately segment commercial elements attached to historic buildings, and 48 negative color centers that affected historical features were identified in accordance with the International Commission on Illumination CIE2000 standard. Meanwhile, based on traditional Chinese colors, a large number of color codes suitable for commercial elements in historic districts were selected. The research results show that Mask2Former semantic segmentation can accurately segment commercial elements and evaluate their color harmony, providing guidance for optimizing the commercial element colors in historic districts. Taking color as the starting point, this study explores long-term strategies for cultural heritage protection in the context of commercialization, ensuring effective maintenance of the color features of historic districts in the global commercialization process.
Unveiling the Dual Role of Biocolonization: A Case Study on the Deterioration and Preservation of Sandstone Monuments in Leshan Giant Buddha, China
Authors: Zhu Chengshuai , wang Bowen , Liu Zhengdong , Guo Yifei , Zheng Linting , Zhang Bingjian , Hu Yulan
Published: October 2024

For large, open-air lithic cultural heritage, colonization is an inevitable process. This study examines the dual impact of colonization on the Leshan Giant Buddha's sandstone monuments, focusing on both biodeterioration and protection. Over three years, we conducted field surveys and monitored biocrusts (bryophytes, lichens, and biofilms) on these monuments, observing significant biodeterioration primarily due to mechanical exfoliation and acid corrosion. To assess the potential of biota in conserving sandstone monuments, we replicated biotic crust colonization on laboratory sandstone samples. In the laboratory, we observed biomineral formation, primarily calcium carbonate, on the rock specimen surfaces after two years. Comparative analysis with control samples showed that biocolonization notably changed the rock's hydrophobicity, surface hardness, and weight loss, indicating a protective effect. Further analyses using XRD, SEM-EDS, and transcriptomics identified Carbonic Anhydrase as a key enzyme in the biomineralization process. Our findings suggest that under controlled conditions, biocolonization can be steered towards bioprotection, offering new strategies for the in-situ preservation of open-air lithic cultural heritage.
Outcomes of early post-discharge cardio-geriatric care in frail patients after acute heart failure: A before-and-after study
Authors: Okoye Chukwuma , Mazzarone Tessa , Finazzi Alberto , Daniela Guarino , Bruni Adriana Antonella , Maccioni Lorenzo , Pescatore Giulia , Bianco Maria Giovanna , Guerrini Cinzia , Giusti Andrea , Bellelli Giuseppe , Virdis Agostino
Published: October 2024

Background
Despite significant advancements in heart failure (HF) management, older adults continue to face poor clinical outcomes. While an integrated, multidisciplinary approach that combines cardiology and geriatric expertise has shown considerable promise, its adoption in practice remains limited. This study aimed to assess whether an early post-discharge Cardio-Geriatric (CG) outpatient service could reduce 1-year mortality compared to usual care (UC), as well as evaluate its impact on 1-year rehospitalization rates and days alive and out of hospital (DAOH).
Methods
In this single-center, controlled before-and-after study, patients aged ≥ 75 years hospitalized for acute HF were included. In the UC group, patients discharged between January 2018 and December 2019 received standard follow-up with referrals to a cardiologist and general practitioner. In the CG group, patients discharged between January 2020 and December 2022 attended CG ambulatory care within three weeks of discharge. Primary outcomes were one-year all-cause mortality, HF readmissions, and DOAH. The effectiveness of CG follow-up was assessed using a 1:1 propensity score matched (PSM) analysis.
Results
A total of 652 patients (mean age 86 years, 56% female) were included in the study, with 477 receiving UC and 175 referred to CG follow-up. After PSM of 350 patients (50% CG), we observed a significant reduction in 1-year rehospitalizations (36.5% vs. 50.8%, p < 0.001) and mortality (20.0% vs. 40.0%, p < 0.001) in the CG group. CG patients also had nearly double the days alive and out of hospital (DAOH) compared to UC patients (300 ± 100 vs. 162 ± 145 days, p < 0.001). Cox regression analysis confirmed that the CG integrated approach was a protective factor for mortality [HR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.24–0.47]. Respiratory diseases, neurological conditions, and infections were common causes of readmission.
Conclusions
Early referral to a CG outpatients service post-discharge for acute HF significantly improves outcomes, highlighting the value of integrated care for older adults with complex needs.
A spatially resolved whole-layers landscape of bladder cancer deciphers dynamic invasive progression
Authors: Xu Wanhai , Tong Zhichao , Wang Di , Zhao Yubo , Xie Guixiang , Song Hongjian , Li Yaowei , Shi Qing , Su Hang , Zhang Qian , Fan Fengpu , Yang Zongzheng , Wen Feng , Meng Hongxue , Li Haonan , Guo Pengyu , Hou Dayong , Zhang Zhenwei , Yin Zhihao , Liu Ziyi , Wang Jianwei , Zhang Peng , Dai Peng , Li Changfu , Teng Lichen , Xu Yangyang , Hu XiaoWei , Liu Wentao , Ebner Benedikt , Nawroth Roman , DENG Ziqing , Wang Ziqi , Wu Liang , Li Guibo
Published: October 2024

Cancer invasion is driven by complex interactions between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment (TME), which promote cancer cell plasticity and remodel the TME to support invasive behavior. In bladder cancer, invasion into the muscularis propria reduces the five-year survival rate to below 30%. Despite this clinical significance, the molecular mechanisms underlying bladder cancer invasion remain poorly understood. Current studies predominantly focus on the comparison between non-invasive and invasive tumor tissue, leaving dynamic TME variation largely unexplored. Leveraging the capabilities of spatial information, we integrated Stereo-seq spatial transcriptomics with single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) on whole-layers bladder cancer specimens. These integrated datasets delineated a spatially resolved whole-layers landscape of bladder cancer at single cell resolution, elucidating the localization and function of principle cell types during the invasive process. We discovered a bladder cancer invasive leading structure characterized by EPCAM and KRT17 co-expressing, whose plasticity is induced and maintained through interactions with POSTN+ cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and APOE+ macrophages. Additionally, we uncovered the specific spatial distribution of different CAF subtypes during bladder cancer progression, highlighting their roles in shaping distinct TME. Notably, we revealed a progressive increase in immunosuppressive states from superficial to muscle-invading bladder tumors. Our findings underscore the orchestrated dynamics of bladder cancer progression driven by intricate tumor-stroma interactions within the TME. These insights provide a framework for understanding invasive behavior in other muscle-invasive cancers, guiding future research into shared mechanisms of tumor progression and microenvironmental remodeling.
Potential Movement of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus in Iraq-the Role of Hyalomma Tick Species and Host Population Dynamics
Authors: Ameen khalis Hammad , Alyousuf Ameen Saleh , Abdulhameed Blesa , Aakef Ihab
Published: October 2024

This study is a retrospective and descriptive cross-sectional analysis examining demographic and epidemiological data of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus (CCHFV) in Iraq, covering suspected and confirmed cases from January 2018 to December 2023. Utilizing data from the Iraq CDC/zoonotic department, 1006 cases were analyzed, and confirmed via Real-time PCR and ELISA tests at the Central Public Health Laboratory. The study highlights the climatic conditions of Iraq, with its semi-arid and semi-tropical climate influencing disease prevalence.
Results indicate a significant gender disparity in CCHFV cases, with 59.4% male and 40.6% female patients, suggesting differing exposure and susceptibility between genders. The age distribution shows higher infection rates among individuals aged 22 to 51, potentially linked to occupational exposure and outdoor activities. A notable increase in reported cases was observed in 2022 and 2023, accounting for 38.0% and 58.6% of total cases, respectively. This surge may be attributed to environmental and socio-economic factors, including climate change, urbanization, and population displacement.
Geographic analysis reveals that provinces like Thiqar, Baghdad, Basra, and Misan report higher case numbers, indicating regional hotspots for CCHFV transmission. Risk factor analysis emphasizes the role of direct contact with raw meat, animal slaughtering, and tick bites as significant contributors to infection. The study also identifies key symptoms associated with poor prognoses, such as bleeding from injection sites, body orifices, and echymosis, which are significantly correlated with higher mortality rates.
These findings underscore the need for targeted public health interventions, including enhanced surveillance, vector control, and public education, particularly in high-risk regions. Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors of CCHFV is crucial for developing effective prevention and control strategies to mitigate the impact of this disease in Iraq.
Whipworm phosphotome identification and analysis: exploring phosphatases as druggable targets
Authors: Rauthan Kanchan , Kumar Sudhir
Published: October 2024

Background
Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are two essential processes that are used by cells to regulate several cellular mechanisms. While kinases have been in the limelight for several decades owing to their intricate presence in the cell and role in regulation, phosphatases are equally important. This study attempts to identify and classify phosphatases present in the human parasite Triuchuris trichiura (whipworm) to elucidate the diverse and extensive repertoire of phosphatases present in this nematode.
Results
A total of 187 potential phosphatases were identified in T. trichiura based on our search criteria including on uncharacterized protein. These were further sorted into the major phosphatase classes like ser/thr Phosphatases, protein tyrosine phosphatases, Endonuclease/exonuclease phosphatases, pyrophosphatases, alkaline phosphatases, Ppx/GppA phosphatases and their sub-classes. 33 identified phosphatases were classified as non-homologous to humans and 22 were found to be druggable.
Conclusions
Through domain analysis, signature motif identification, and gene ontology-based functional assessment, this study highlights the significant phosphatases of the nematode parasite T. trichiura, which can be further explored as a potent druggable target.
Genome-Wide Association Mapping and Genomic Prediction Analyses Reveal the Genetic Architecture of Grain Yield and Agronomic Traits under Drought and Optimum Conditions in Maize
Authors: Amadu Manigben Kulai , Beyene Yoseph , Chaikam Vijay , Tongoona Pangirayi B. , Danquah Eric Y. , Ifie Beatrice E. , Burgueno Juan , Prasanna Boddupalli M , Gowda Manje
Published: October 2024

Background
Drought is a major abiotic stress in sub-Saharan Africa, impacting maize growth and development leading to severe yield loss. Drought tolerance is a complex trait regulated by multiple genes, making direct grain yield selection ineffective. To dissect the genetic architecture of grain yield and flowering traits under drought stress, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on a panel of 236 maize lines testcrossed and evaluated under managed drought and optimal growing conditions in multiple environments using seven multi-locus GWAS models (mrMLM, FASTmrMLM, FASTmrEMMA, pLARmEB, pKWmEB, ISIS EM-BLASSO, and FARMCPU) from mrMLM and GAPIT R packages. Genomic prediction with RR-BLUP model was applied on BLUEs across locations under optimum and drought conditions.
Results
A total of 172 stable and reliable quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) were identified, of which 77 are associated with GY, AD, SD, ASI, PH, EH, EPO and EPP under drought and 95 are linked to GY, AD, SD, ASI, PH, EH, EPO and EPP under optimal conditions, with 17 QTNs explaining over 10% of the phenotypic variation (R2 ≥ 10%). Furthermore, 43 candidate genes were discovered and annotated. Two major candidate genes, Zm00001eb041070 closely associated with grain yield near peak QTN, qGY_DS1.1 (S1_216149215) and Zm00001eb364110 closely related to anthesis-silking interval near peak QTN, qASI_DS8.2 (S8_167256316) were identified, encoding AP2-EREBP transcription factor 60 and TCP-transcription factor 20, respectively under drought stress. Haplo-pheno analysis identified superior haplotypes for qGY_DS1.1 (S1_216149215) associated with the higher grain yield under drought stress. Genomic prediction revealed moderate to high prediction accuracies under optimum and drought conditions.
Conclusion
The lines carrying superior haplotypes can be used as potential donors in improving grain yield under drought stress. Integration of genomic selection with GWAS results leads not only to an increase in the prediction accuracy but also to validate the function of the identified candidate genes as well increase in the accumulation of favorable alleles with minor and major effects in elite breeding lines. This study provides valuable insight into the genetic architecture of grain yield and secondary traits under drought stress.
Annual Incidence of Hip Fractures in Nagasaki, Japan (Trends from 2005 to 2019): A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Umeki Masashi , Koseki Hironobu , Shida Takayuki , Tomonaga Iku , Nishiyama Yuta , Yoshida Daisuke , Yokoo Seiichi , Imai Chieko , Osaki Makoto
Published: October 2024

Background
Hip fracture, a major osteoporotic fracture, is associated with a reduced quality of life. This study aimed to assess the current status and features of hip fractures in Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan.
Methods
Hip fractures reported in Nagasaki Prefecture between 2005 and 2019 were evaluated based on emergency transportation records. Data on the number of occurrences and incidence were analysed by age, sex, fracture type, month, day of the week, and recognition time to determine the actual situation and risk factors for hip fracture.
Results
The total number of new hip fractures among patients aged ≥ 35 years was 27,331 (mean age, 83.5 years), with the annual incidence per 100,000 persons increasing from 147.7 in 2005 to 237.3 in 2019. Women (79.3%) were more often affected than men (20.7%). Compared with trochanteric fractures, cervical fractures were more common in all age groups. However, the proportion of trochanteric fractures increased annually. Hip fractures tended to be associated with advanced age (≥ 80 years), winter season, and indoor settings. They were more frequent in the living room rather than in the bathroom or toilet on Mondays and during the early hours of the morning. Seven days post-admission, 97.1% of patients were still hospitalised, and 79.7% of the hip fractures had been surgically treated.
Conclusions
Data on the actual situation and characteristics relevant to hip fractures are urgently required for establishing effective preventive measures.
Thermal injury model and temperature threshold prediction of adipocytes during laser lipolysis
Authors: Xin Hui , Deng Chenggang , Fang Yuan , Yu Fangbo , Li Dong , Chen Bin
Published: October 2024

The selection of laser parameters for laser lipolysis mainly depends on the experience of clinicians. The thermal injury model of adipocytes and threshold temperature of immediate necrosis are not agreed upon. It is necessary to establish thermal injury model of adipocyte and explore the lipolysis dynamics of adipocyte to predict treatment parameters and improve lipolysis effect. In this work, the instant necrosis model for a single adipocyte is constructed on a simplified bilayer model of cortical membrane to optimize laser parameters and improve lipolysis effect. The effectiveness of the model was verified by the pathological analysis of the inguinal skin tissue of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats following laser irradiation. The temperature threshold for immediate necrosis is approximately 48-58°C for different curvature radius. Under laser irradiation with power of 9W and duration of 7s in conjunction with multi-pulsed cryogen spray cooling (MP-CSC) of ∆tp=10 ms, ∆td =2000 ms and np=8, the fat layer achieved ideal fat dissolution effect with temperature of 65.5°C, while temperature of epidermis and dermis (40°C) are under safety threshold. This laser irradiation also stimulated skin to generate high-density collagen fibers and fibroblasts. The thermal damage mechanism is revealed as cytoplasmic compression damage caused by membrane vibration under hyperthermia condition occurred at 48-58°C. The dense collagen fibers can improve the elasticity of skin, which is regarded as positive side-effect.
Environmental Factors Influencing the Sightings of Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus, Smith 1828): The Case Study in Kilindoni Bay, Mafia District, Tanzania
Authors: Swai Edna , Alavaisha Edmond
Published: October 2024

The whale shark (Rhincodon typus, Smith 1828) is among the largest fish that tends to swim at the surface in aggregation. Several locations in are known habitats for whale sharks. However, there is still a need to understand the environmental factors that influence their occurrences and sighting. This paper investigated the environmental factors essential to whale sharks' s in Kilindoni bay, Mafia. Data were collected through observations supplemented with secondary historical data sets from 2012 to 2019, including whale shark sightings and environmental variables. These datasets were obtained from the Marine Megafauna Foundation (MMF) and the Tanzania Fisheries Research Institute (TAFIRI). The Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was used to analyse 510 whale shark sighting records from October to February (2012–2019). The variables involved were sea surface temperature, zooplankton abundance, moon illumination, and weather conditions. Results revealed that weather conditions (χ2 = 10.626, df = 4, p = 0.031), zooplankton abundance (χ2 = 206.580, df = 2, p = 0.001), and moon illumination (χ2 = 7.464, df = 1, p = 0.006) are significant factors influencing the sighting of whale sharks. Sea Surface Temperature (χ2 = 0.951, df = 1, p = 0.329) was not a significant factor in the sighting of whale sharks. Generally, weather conditions, moon illumination, and zooplankton abundance were vital factors for the Mafia's distribution of whale sharks. The study recommends sustained, regular monitoring of environmental variables linked to whale sharks, reinforcing the implementation of a code of conduct for whale shark sighting, and advocating for an integrated management approach inclusive of all local stakeholders.
The effectiveness of the health promoting school intervention model in reducing overweight and obesity among school children in indonesia: a mixed-methods protocol study
Authors: Rosdiana Rosdiana , Sudargo Toto , Haryanti Fitri
Published: October 2024

Background: Childhood obesity is a growing public health concern in Indonesia, with potential long-term health consequences. Despite various interventions, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged children continues to rise. This study aims to develop, implement, and evaluate a comprehensive school-based intervention to reduce overweight and obesity in Indonesian school children through improved health literacy, nutrition education, and physical activity promotion.
Methods: This mixed-methods study will employ a three-phase design: pre-intervention, intervention, and post-intervention. The study will be conducted in three districts of South Sulawesi, Indonesia: Makassar, Gowa, and Maros. The intervention, based on Bandura's Social Cognitive Theory, will include capacity building for teachers, canteen workers, and school principals; implementation of health promoting schools; and parental engagement. Quantitative data will be collected through anthropometric measurements, questionnaires assessing knowledge, self-efficacy, and health literacy. Qualitative data will be gathered through focus group discussions with key stakeholders. The effectiveness of the intervention will be evaluated using various statistical analyses, including ANOVA, t-tests, and ANCOVA, while qualitative data will undergo thematic analysis.
Results: We anticipate that this intervention will lead to significant reductions in BMI, improvements in health literacy, increased knowledge about nutrition and physical activity, and enhanced self-efficacy among participating school children.
Conclusion: By integrating nutrition education, physical activity promotion, and the Health Promoting School model, this research aims to provide valuable insights for developing effective strategies to combat childhood obesity. The findings are expected to inform health and education policies in Indonesia and contribute to the global effort in addressing childhood obesity.
Trial registration : Current Controlled Trial NCT06601348
Conversion Therapy Strategy: A Novel GPC3-Targeted Multimodal Organic Phototheranostics Platform for Mid-late-stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Fan , Kuang Xin , Deng Sanlin , Qi Shuo , Xiong Jian , Zhao Bibo , Li Chuanfu , Tan Senyou , Kang Qiang , Xiao Hao , Tan Xiaofeng , Wu Gui-long , Chen Guodong , Yang Qinglai
Published: October 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is typically diagnosed at an intermediate to advanced stage, making surgical treatment unfeasible. Conversion therapy aims to reduce tumor stage, improve hepatic resection feasibility, and lower recurrence rates. Since traditional therapies are often accompanied by uncertainty of efficacy, there is an urgent need to explore new treatment strategies. Near-infrared phototheranostics technology provides a new way for HCC diagnosis and treatment by its excellent optical properties. However, complex preparation and poor biocompatibility of phototheranostics probes limit clinical application. In this study, we developed a fluorescence/magnetic resonance dual-modality imaging (FLI/MRI) as well as photothermal/photodynamic therapy (PTT/PDT) GPC3-targeted multifunctional phototheranostics probe, IR820-GPC3-Gd NPs (IGD NPs), to improve the efficiency of conversion therapy for HCC. The IGD NPs were simply prepared with the IR820 as the core. It is made by connecting the HCC-specific targeting molecule GPC3 peptide and the MRI agent DOTA-Gd through click chemistry. IGD NPs target HCC cells through GPC3, releasing heat and reactive oxygen species (ROS) under noninvasive 808 nm laser irradiation to reduce tumor size and achieve downstaging. High-sensitivity FLI/MRI precisely delineates tumor boundaries, providing real-time surgical navigation and prognosis assessment. This novel probe offers a feasible and effective treatment option for advanced HCC.
Efficacy and safety of indocyanine green-fluorescence imaging guided liver resection: A single-arm prospective cohort study
Authors: Gon Hidetoshi , Omiya Satoshi , Komatsu Shohei , Yamasaki Nobuaki , Murakami Sae , Fukushima Kenji , Urade Takeshi , Tsugawa Daisuke , Yanagimoto Hiroaki , Toyama Hirochika , Kido Masahiro , Fukumoto Takumi
Published: October 2024

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG)-fluorescence imaging for the identification of hepatic boundaries during liver resection and its advantages in surgical outcomes over conventional methods.
Methods
This prospective, exploratory, single-arm clinical trial included 47 patients with liver tumors who underwent liver resection using ICG-fluorescence imaging (ICG-LR) between 2019 and 2020. The primary outcome measure was the successful identification of hepatic boundaries during liver resection, from the perspective of both the hepatic surface and intrahepatic boundary, using ICG-fluorescence imaging. Secondary outcomes comprised the surgical outcomes. Surgical outcomes of the ICG-LR group, which included patients with successfully identified hepatic boundaries, were then compared with those who underwent conventional liver resection (C-LR, n = 100) between 2017 and 2018, using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis.
Results
Hepatic boundaries were successfully identified in 28 patients (60%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 45–72%), including 21 who underwent anatomical liver resection and seven who underwent non-anatomical liver resection. After PSM, 27 patients were included in each of the ICG-LR and C-LR groups. The surgical outcomes were similar between groups. Subsequently, surgical outcomes were compared between the groups focusing on anatomical liver resection. After PSM, 16 patients were included in each group. The C-LR group had a higher rate of Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ IIIa complication, including ascites and bile leak, than the ICG-LR group (25% vs. 0%; P = 0.033).
Conclusion
ICG-fluorescence imaging can be used to recognize hepatic boundaries during liver transection. Additionally, ICG-LR may be useful in preventing severe liver-associated complications.