bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perceptions of health professionals about the presence of the accompanying party at birty / Percepções dos profissionais da saúde sobre a presença do acompanhante no nascimento
Authors: Pinto Keli Regiane Tomeleri da Fonseca , Zani Adriana Valongo , Wielganczuk Renata Portero , Maziero Carolina Pitta , Bernardy Catia Campaner Ferrari , Rodrigues Mariana Haddad
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: descrever as percepções dos profissionais da saúde sobre a presença do acompanhante no processo do nascimento. Método: estudo descritivo, qualitativo, realizado em um hospital escola, com 29 profissionais da saúde. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas, entre maio a julho de 2018, sendo analisadas com abordagem baseada no Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: após análise emergiram quatro Ideias Centrais: experiências positivas e a participação do acompanhante, o ambiente desconhecido gera sentimento de insegurança no acompanhante, a presença do acompanhante causa desconforto na equipe de saúde e o profissional barra o acompanhante pela presunção de que ele irá atrapalhar. Conclusão: as percepções dos profissionais se mostraram conflitantes, sendo que alguns percebem a importância e os benefícios do acompanhante no nascimento, e outros apontaram que ele atrapalha a equipe de saúde, pela ansiedade e estresse, prejudicando a equipe de saúde e interferindo de maneira negativa.
Use of integrative practices in a occupational health care service / Uso das práticas integrativas em um serviço de atenção à saúde do trabalhador
Authors: Rossetto Maíra , Schmatz Leila , Luzardo Adriana Remião , Barbato Paulo Roberto , Cardoso Solange de Fatima , Almeida Maria Eneida de
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: analisar o desenvolvimento das Práticas Integrativas e Complementares pela equipe multiprofissional do Serviço de Atenção à Saúde do Trabalhador. Método: estudo exploratório e descritivo, desenvolvido com uma equipe multiprofissional por meio de entrevistas. Resultados: organizou-se três categorias temáticas: 1. PIC: uma questão de crescimento pessoal; 2. Existe a supremacia da medicalização?; e 3. Os diferentes paradigmas. Observou-se que o trabalho em equipe multiprofissional e a promoção de saúde foram pontos e apontou a importância da constante busca por conhecimento e reconhecimento do tema, para que o serviço ganhe visibilidade e se fortaleça, além da necessidade de superação do paradigma biomédico e da medicalização. Conclusão: o emprego das PIC no serviço de referência vem se constituindo como ferramentas para os profissionais que lá atuam, sejam elas utilizadas de forma única, integradas ou complementares, repercutindo nos resultados do tratamento para promoção de saúde e qualidade da atenção prestada aos usuários.
Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization: Mechanisms
Authors: Herz Katharina , Elser Iris , Buchmeiser Michael R.
Published: March 2022

This article covers the basic principles of modern, well‐defined group 6 and group 8 metal alkylidene catalysts and their use in ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). In this context, the expression “well‐defined” refers to catalytic systems that are characterized by a uniform and stoichiometric composition and for which the actual propagating species is well known and characterized. Such catalysts allow for the controlled, sometimes living, ROMP, which is of advantage for a variety of purposes. Generally, one particularity of ROMP is the formation of eithercis‐ ortrans‐double bonds along the polymer chain. Their formation during ROMP is strongly related to the catalyst used. In addition, tactic ROMP‐derived polymers are accessible. The influence of the alkylidene configuration and chirality of the catalysts on the microstructure of the resulting polymers as well as the different mechanisms that lead to tactic structures are outlined.
Orthogonal Multiple Click Reactions for Macromolecular Design
Authors: Durmaz Hakan , Tunca Umit
Published: March 2022

In this article, we first examine the classical click reactions and new members (or candidates) to the click chemistry family involving multicomponent reactions (MCRs) utilized in synthetic polymer chemistry. The pros and cons of MCRs are described in the way of click chemistry philosophy. Subsequently, updated click combinations implemented to the synthesis of macromolecular structures are presented in two tables starting from double toward multiple. Moreover, combinations of click reactions with MCRs are presented comprehensively.
NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Spiess Hans W.
Published: March 2022

The function of synthetic macromolecular materials critically depends on the packing and dynamics of the components of such systems. Solid‐state NMR can provide structural information with atomic resolution and moreover can characterize the amplitude and time scale of motions over broad ranges of length and time. These movements include molecular dynamics, rotational, and translational motions of the building blocks, and also the motion of the functional species themselves, such as protons or ions. In this article, current NMR techniques are introduced and their applications illustrated by numerous examples of a broad range of synthetic macromolecular systems.
Porous Polymers by Block Copolymer Templating
Authors: Grande Daniel , Le Droumaguet Benjamin
Published: March 2022

The past decades have witnessed an increased attention in porous polymeric materials with controlled pore sizes and desired functionalities, due to the wide array of their applications. Organic porous materials display unique properties compared to their inorganic nanostructured counterparts, including tunable mechanical properties, facile functionalization, and low‐cost production. Engineering nanoporous polymers with tunable pore morphology and functionality, while maintaining high chemical and mechanical stability, still constitutes a major challenge.

Interestingly, block copolymers develop well‐defined equilibrium domain morphologies. Accordingly, they can arguably be considered as ideal nanostructured precursors toward ordered nanoporous frameworks. In this regard, the selective removal of the sacrificial minority block in self‐organized block copolymers with at least two components of contrasted degradability has proven to be a robust approach toward miscellaneous nanoporous polymeric materials with controlled porosity. Alternatively, ongoing research addresses the development of more efficient and environmentally benign degradation strategies. The insertion of an easily cleavable function at the junction between the alien blocks of diblock copolymers represents a promising route, since it enables site‐specific scission between both the blocks, without requiring etching of the entire sacrificial segment. Lastly, by introducing specific functional moieties at the junction between the degradable block and the stable one of the semidegradable block copolymers, pore surface functionalization can readily be achieved.
Separation of Polymers by Chromatography
Authors: Chang Taihyun
Published: March 2022

While mother nature can produce uniform macromolecules as found in many biological systems, man‐made polymers are hardly homogeneous. Synthetic polymers are usually complex mixtures of molecules differing in various molecular characteristics such as molecular weight (MW), chemical composition, functionality, microstructure, and chain architecture. For precise characterization of polymers, the multivariate distributions in all these molecular characteristics need to be measured, which is an extremely difficult task, if not impossible. In practice, however, it is often sufficient to analyze a limited number of molecular characteristics. For the purpose, liquid chromatography is the most widely used method that has made a remarkable progress during the last several decades in both instrumentation and understanding of the separation mechanism.

Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) has been the most widely employed chromatographic separation technique for the characterization of synthetic polymers since its inception about a half‐century ago. Compared to traditional fractionation methods of polymers, SEC is an excellent method in precision, analysis speed, required amount of a sample, etc. Nonetheless, SEC separates the polymer molecules according to the chain size that depends on not only MW but also other molecular characteristics such as composition, chain architecture, and microstructure. Therefore, for instance, SEC cannot separate nonlinear homo‐polymers according to MW or copolymers according to the composition. In contrast to SEC in which the different pore‐accessibility of macromolecules is the main separation mechanism, interaction chromatography (IC) fractionates polymers according to the interaction strength between the polymer molecules and the sorbent. In results, IC is more sensitive to the chemical nature of the polymers than SEC. By judiciously selecting the IC separation condition, it is possible to separate polymers according to specific molecular properties with higher resolution than SEC. Furthermore, one can access to the chromatographic critical condition for a given polymer system by adjusting the solute interaction strength with the sorbent until the exclusion and interaction contributions to the solute retention are exactly compensated. At the critical condition, polymers of different MW coelute. Therefore, LC at the critical condition (LCCC) can be used as a unique tool for the characterization of polymers since one can suppress the peak dispersion by MW distribution and focus on other molecular characteristics. Recently, polymer separations using two‐dimensional LC by a rational combination of SEC, IC, or LCCC have become more and more popular for the characterization of polymers with multivariate distributions. In this article, chromatographic separation methods of synthetic polymers are reviewed with an emphasis on non‐SEC methods.
Scattering From Polymer Systems
Authors: Mao Yimin , Liu Tianbo , Chu Benjamin
Published: March 2022

Light, X‐ray, and neutron scattering techniques are complementary tools for the investigation of polymer structure and dynamics. This article introduces the working principles of static and dynamic light scattering (SLS/DLS), in combination with small‐angle X‐ray scattering and neutron scattering (SAXS/SANS), and their applications to studies of polymer structure and dynamics. General scattering theories based on momentum and energy transfer are introduced, focusing on the concepts of interference phenomenon and time correlation function. Several examples are given, including basic characterization of polymer molecular weight and weight distribution, single‐chain conformation and phase transition, hierarchical structures and aggregation kinetics, particle shape analysis, and condensed two‐phase systems. The advantages of a more comprehensive analysis by combining different scattering techniques are being emphasized. Practical aspects for choosing relevant techniques, sample preparation, and scattering background handling, etc., are briefly discussed to help the readers to effectively use those scattering techniques for studying the structure and dynamics of polymers.
Aliphatic Poly(carbonate)s: Syntheses, Structures, and Applications
Authors: Hu Lan‐fang , Zhang Cheng‐Jian , Zhang Xing‐Hong
Published: March 2022

Aliphatic poly(carbonate) (APC) is a kind of polymer with repeated units of [ROC(=O)O]

n

, where R is an aliphatic linker. This article introduces three universal synthetic methods to APCs, including alternating copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO
2
) with epoxides, condensation of dialkyl carbonates with diols, condensation of CO
2
and diols (dihalides), and ring‐opening polymerization of the cyclic carbonates. The accessible catalyst systems for the copolymerization of CO
2
with epoxides are intensively discussed to understand the control of the microstructures of CO
2
‐based APCs. Special attention is paid to the metal‐free catalytic synthesis of APCs. Based on the catalysts for CO
2
‐based copolymers, a variety of di‐, tri‐, and multi‐block copolymers containing APC block are presented with the discussion of their syntheses, structures, and properties. The thermal, mechanical, biodegradable, and conductive properties of these APCs are described in detail with respect to the application.
Highly Branched Polymer Architectures: Specific Structural Features and Their Characterization
Authors: Boye Susanne , Lederer Albena , Voit Brigitte
Published: March 2022

This article gives a brief overview about the general synthetic procedures for branched polymers with special focus on highly branched and dendritic architectures. The characterization of these materials is not trivial, thus, special characterization techniques and approaches for their structural analysis are presented. The specific thermal properties as well as solution properties of branched polymers are discussed. The basic determination of the degree of branching, molar mass and conformation is explained in detail. Furthermore, special characterization techniques together with novel developments in branching characterization are briefly introduced. Finally, the structural features and specific analysis of novel branched structures and linear‐branched hybrids are emphasized.
Structure and Phase Behavior of Polyampholytes and Polyzwitterions
Authors: Pickett Phillip D. , Ma Yuanchi , Posey Nicholas D. , Lueckheide Michael , Prabhu Vivek M.
Published: March 2022

Polyelectrolytes contain many units of charged moieties, often as either anionic or cationic. However, when a polymer comprises both anionic and cationic monomers, the result is a polyampholyte. Polyzwitterions are a type of polyampholyte that contain pairs of opposite charges within each monomer unit, ultimately leading to charge neutrality across the entire polymer structure. These special classes of ion‐containing polymers have many applications enabled by advances in synthesis. This article discusses the unique solution‐responsive behaviors of these ion‐containing polymers and how their chemistry is used to alter structure–property relationships.
Nanoparticle Transport Through Polymers and Along Interfaces
Authors: Boyle Michael J. , Maguire Shawn M. , Rose Katie A. , Lee Daeyeon , Composto Russell J.
Published: March 2022

Transport of nanoparticles has received increasing attention for both fundamental interest to test prevailing models as well as practical interest in separations and self‐healing applications. Methods for measuring particle dynamics are briefly reviewed to orient the reader to different methodologies. The transport of nanoparticles through polymer melts, solutions, and cross‐linked networks is described with emphasis on systems where the nanoparticle is on the length scale of the defining structure including the tube size, correlation length, and mesh size, respectively. Because nanoparticles can interact with the different mediums, the interactions between nanoparticles and polymer and the subsequent impacts on dynamics are described. The transport of particles at liquid–solid (polymer brush) interfaces is addressed due to growing interest in applications ranging from understanding dynamics in porous media to the translocation of DNA. Both hard particles and polymer grafted particles (soft particles) are described. The objective of this article is to provide the reader with fundamental descriptions of phenomena while reviewing the current state of understanding. Further directions will leverage advances in inorganic chemistry to prepare monodisperse, functional nanoparticles as well as polymer chemistry to create novel media, such as networks with monodisperse mesh size.
Tailoring Charged Block Copolymer Architecture for Performance
Authors: White Benjamin T. , Liu Boer , Drummey Kevin J. , Chen Xi , Long Timothy E.
Published: March 2022

Charged block copolymers (BCPs) find use in numerous applications spanning from gene delivery to electromechanical transducers. Recent advances in polymer synthesis have provided researchers with the necessary tools to study the properties of a wide variety of BCPs bearing cationic and anionic substituents. Controlling the architecture of these charged BCPs plays a key role in tailoring their performances in the desired application. Likewise, the polymer morphology significantly affects ion transport and thermomechanical properties of the charged BCP. This article aims to compare the structure–property relationships in charged BCPs across a variety of different polymer architectures including linear, branched, segmented, and multiply charged BCPs with a focus on tailoring properties for specific applications. Linear BCPs comprise of diblock, triblock, and multiblock copolymers. Diblocks frequently serve as micelles for drug delivery while triblocks, multiblocks, and segmented BCPs act as ion exchange membranes for transducers and fuel cells. The section on branched BCPs discusses polymer brushes, stars, micelles, and cross‐linked networks. The final section describes synthetic routes toward synthesizing multiply charged monomers and polymers while also emphasizing the challenges and benefits associated with these materials.
New Stuff in Old Places: Light Microscopy of Polymers
Authors: Srinivasarao Mohan
Published: March 2022

Light microscopy, with a history of over 400 years, continues to be useful for the natural sciences. It has played a crucial role in the physical and biological sciences, from providing evidence for the existence of atoms to resolving cells at very high resolution. In this article, we have taken a broad view of light microscopy, in its various forms to provide physical information that helps understand the structure and perhaps, the function of, certain materials, in particular polymers, liquid crystals, and beetle exocuticles, among others. We illustrate the information that can be gleaned by polarized light microscopy studies of semicrystalline polymers and liquid crystals. We also demonstrate that polarized light microscopy is an indispensable tool in studying anisotropic structures. We illustrate how optical sectioning microscopy, namely laser scanning confocal microscopy, is useful in studying diffusion as well as analyzing the structure of jewel beetle exocuticles, and providing the elusive director configuration in three‐dimension for a liquid crystal. Finally, we demonstrate a technique based on total internal reflection to probe the topography of polymeric surfaces. In doing so, we have illustrated the rich history of light microscopy and the elegance of Ernst Abbe's work dealing with the resolution that is attainable by far‐field light microscopy.
Acute epileptiform abnormalities are the primary predictors of post‐stroke epilepsy: a matched, case–control study
Authors: Punia Vineet , Ellison Lisa , Bena Jim , Chandan Pradeep , Sivaraju Adithya , George Pravin , Newey Christopher R. , Hantus Stephen
Published: March 2022

Stroke patients who underwent continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring within 7 days of presentation and developed post‐stroke epilepsy (PSE; cases, n = 36) were matched (1:2 ratio) by age and follow‐up duration with ones who did not (controls, n = 72). Variables significant on univariable analysis [hypertension, smoking, hemorrhagic conversion, pre‐cEEG convulsive seizures, and epileptiform abnormalities (EAs)] were included in the multivariable logistic model and only the presence of EAs on EEG remained significant PSE predictor [OR = 11.9 (1.75–491.6)]. With acute EAs independently predicting PSE development, accounting for their presence may help to tailor post‐acute symptomatic seizure management and aid anti‐epileptogenesis therapy trials.
H2S Involved Photocatalytic System: A Novel Syngas Production Strategy by Boosting the Photoreduction of CO2 While Recovering Hydrogen from the Environmental Toxicant
Authors: Li Kai , Cai Yanming , Yang Xiaohan , Wang Shuang , Teng Chao , Tian Ye , Min Qianhao , Zhu Wenlei
Published: March 2022

Simultaneous treatment of CO2 and H2S by photocatalytic technology is of great significance in mitigating the greenhouse effect and environmental hazards, while producing valuable solar fuels at the same time. In this study, well‐defined CdS/TiO2:Cu hollow spheres with highly dispersed heterointerfaces are successfully constructed for photoreduction of CO2 in presence of in situ generated H2S. Benefiting from the consumption of photo‐generated holes (h+) and large production of protons by H2S decomposition, the generation rates of CO (781.3 µmol·g−1∙h−1, accounting for 94.9 v/v% of CO2 reduction products) and H2 (5875.1 µmol·g−1∙h−1) increased significantly, which are 1.4 and 68.9 times higher than that of the system without H2S, respectively. Moreover, the remediation of photocorroded CdS by H2S prolonged the service life of the heterojunction, and maintained a CO generation rate of 96.8% after 4 cycles with or without H2S. Notably, as a potential syngas production strategy, by adjusting the initial concentration of Na2S, the ratio of CO and H2 is controlled from 1.07 to 7.21 to fulfill the demands of different chemical synthesis. This strategy opens up a new horizon for the combination of energy photocatalysis and environmental photocatalysis, which has great research and application prospects.
Multifunctional Superelastic, Superhydrophilic, and Ultralight Nanocellulose‐Based Composite Carbon Aerogels for Compressive Supercapacitor and Strain Sensor
Authors: Liu Huayu , Xu Ting , Cai Chenyang , Liu Kun , Liu Wei , Zhang Meng , Du Haishun , Si Chuanling , Zhang Kai
Published: March 2022

Developing superelastic and superhydrophilic carbon aerogels with intriguing mechanical properties is urgently desired for achieving promising performances in highly compressive supercapacitors and strain sensors. Herein, based on synergistic hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, and π–π interaction within regularly arranged layered porous structures, conductive carbon aerogels with cellulose nanofibrils (CNF), carbon nanotubes (CNT) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) are developed via bidirectional freezing and subsequent annealing. Benefiting from the porous architecture and high surface roughness, CNF/CNT/RGO carbon aerogels exhibit ultralow density (2.64 mg cm–3) and superhydrophilicity (water contact angle ≈0° at 106 ms). The honeycomb‐like ordered porous structure can efficiently transfer stress in the entire microstructure, thereby endowing carbon aerogels with high compressibility and extraordinary fatigue resistance (10,000 cycles at 50% strain). These aerogels can be assembled into compressive solid‐state symmetric supercapacitors showing excellent area capacitance (109.4 mF cm–2 at 0.4 mA cm–2) and superior long cycle compression performance (88% after 5000 cycles at compressive strain of 50%). Furthermore, the aerogels reveal good linear sensitivity (S = 5.61 kPa–1) and accurately capture human bio‐signals as strain sensors. It is expected that such CNF/CNT/RGO carbon aerogels will provide a novel multifunctional platform for wearable electronics, electronic skin, and human motion monitoring.
Anomalous Thermal Decomposition Behavior of Polycrystalline LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 in PEO‐Based Solid Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Yang Lufeng , Zhang Jin , Xue Weiran , Li Jizhou , Chen Rusong , Pan Hongyi , Yu Xiqian , Liu Yijin , Li Hong , Chen Liquan , Huang Xuejie
Published: March 2022

Replacing liquid electrolytes (LEs) with polymer electrolytes has been considered a promising approach to developing next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density and superior safety. Nevertheless, compared with the extensive research on the electrochemical stability of the cathode/polymer electrolyte interfaces, reports on their thermal behaviors are rare to date. Herein, this work systematically investigates the thermal stability of two typical layered oxide cathodes, LiCoO2 (LCO) and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (NMC811), with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) electrolyte and with carbonate LEs, respectively. It is found that the oxygen release from the cathodes plays a central role in thermal runaway. Replacing the LE with PEO electrolyte can considerably improve the thermal stability of LCO, but surprisingly, deteriorate that of NMC811. The reason is that the surface of single‐crystalline LCO particles can be effectively passivated by the PEO electrolyte during heating, but PEO cannot sufficiently passivate all the primary particles of NMC811 owing to insufficient interface wettability of PEO electrolyte within the polycrystalline secondary NMC811 particles. The findings in this work collectively formulate valuable guidance for improving the safety of polymer‐electrolyte‐based as well as other types of all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries.
Manipulating the Intermolecular Interactions through Side Chain Engineering and Unilateral π‐Bridge Strategy for Efficient Small Molecular Photovoltaic Acceptor
Authors: Wang Pengchao , Bi Fuzhen , Li Yonghai , Han Chenyu , Zheng Nan , Zhang Shuai , Wang Jianxiao , Wu Yuanwei , Bao Xichang
Published: March 2022

Thanks to the development of acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) type electron acceptors, organic solar cells (OSCs) have achieved marvelous progress in recent years. However, a systematic investigation about the structure–efficiency relationship is still highly desired to better understand the working mechanisms inside a bulk heterojunction (BHJ). In this study, new acceptors with the synergistic effect of side chain and unilateral π‐bridge strategy are designed, accounting for lower energy loss, expanded absorption, modulated intermolecular interactions and BHJ morphology. As a consequence, the resultant A–D–π–A acceptor ID‐C6Ph‐ST‐4F based binary solar cell receives an impressive efficiency up to 15.36%, much greater than the A–D–A analog ID‐C6Ph‐4F (10.75%), and ranks the best among all small molecular acceptors with symmetric or asymmetric π‐bridges. The results highlight the promising manipulation of phenylalkyl side chain and unilateral π‐bridge on intermolecular interactions among acceptor molecules and interactions between donor and acceptor (D/A) molecules. Superior interactions among acceptor molecules are an essential precondition to ensure preferable molecular assembly for charge transport, and meanwhile, moderately enhanced D/A interactions are also crucial for proper phase‐separation networks with efficient exciton dissociation and charge generation.
Oxygen‐Rich Cobalt–Nitrogen–Carbon Porous Nanosheets for Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Wang , Xu Chen‐Hui , Zheng Han , Li Rui , Zhou Kun
Published: March 2022

Metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) materials have attracted much interest in bifunctional oxygen‐involving electrocatalysis for rechargeable Zn–air batteries. Such M–N–C electrocatalysts with M–Nx sites show good activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) but moderate activity for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, an oxygen‐rich M–N–C material (O–Co–N/C) with a highly porous nanosheet structure is reported as a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst, which is prepared by the direct pyrolysis of ultrathin CoO nanosheets decorated with zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 nanoparticles under an inert atmosphere. Particularly, Co nanoparticles in the O–Co–N/C electrocatalyst contain both Co–Nx and Co–Ox coordination environments to provide intrinsic active sites for the ORR and OER, respectively. Furthermore, electrochemical studies show that the O–Co–N/C catalyst retains comparable ORR activity to common M–N–C materials with a half‐wave potential of 0.85 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode and better OER activity with an overpotential of 0.29 V at the current density of 10 mA cm−2. This study provides insights into the development of effective oxygen‐involving electrocatalysts with bifunctional metal active centers coordinated by both nitrogen and oxygen atoms.
Triboresistive Touch Sensing: Grid‐Free Touch‐Point Recognition Based on Monolayered Ionic Power Generators
Authors: Lee Younghoon , Lim Sungsoo , Song Won Jun , Lee Sudong , Yoon Sohee John , Park Jae‐Man , Lee Min‐Gyu , Park Yong‐Lae , Sun Jeong‐Yun
Published: March 2022

Recent growing pursuit of skin‐mountable devices has been impeded by the complicated structures of most sensing systems, containing electrode grids, stacked multilayers, and even external power sources. Here, a type of touch sensing, termed “triboresistive touch sensing”, is introduced for gridless touch recognition based on monolayered ionic power generators. A homogeneous monolayer, i.e., ionic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), generates electricity based on the electric field generated by touch. Voltages generated at each corner of the ionic PDMS rely on resistance between touch points and each corner, ensuring recognition of the touch positions without the need for electrode grid layers and external power sources. With notable advantages of high transparency (96.5%), stretchability (539.1%), and resilience (99.0%) of the ionic PDMS, epidermal triboresistive sensing is demonstrated to express touch position and readily play a musical instrument. A gridless system of triboresistive sensing allows rearrangement of the touch sections according to a given situation without any physical modification, and thus easily completes consecutive missions of controlling position, orientation, and gripping functions of a robot.
12.42% Monolithic 25.42 cm2 Flexible Organic Solar Cells Enabled by an Amorphous ITO‐Modified Metal Grid Electrode
Authors: Han Yunfei , Hu Zishou , Zha Wusong , Chen Xiaolian , Yin Li , Guo Jingbo , Li Zhiyun , Luo Qun , Su Wenming , Ma Chang‐Qi
Published: March 2022

Printed metal nanogrid electrode exhibits superior characteristics for use in flexible organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the high surface roughness and inhomogeneity between grid and blank region is adverse for performance improvement. In this work, a thin amorphous indium tin oxide (ITO) film (α‐ITO) is introduced to fill the blank and to improve the charge transporting. The introduction of α‐ITO significantly improves the comprehensive properties of metal grid electrode, which exhibits excellent bending resistance and long‐term stability under double 85 condition (under 85 °C and 85% relative humidity) for 200 h. Both experimental and simulation results reveal α‐ITO with a sheet resistance of 20 000 Ω □−1 is sufficient to improve the charge transporting within the adjacent grids, leading to a remarkable efficiency of 16.54% for 1 cm2 flexible devices. With area increased to 4.00, 9.00, and 25.42 cm2, the devices still display a performance of 16.22%, 14.69%, and 12.42%, respectively, showing less efficiency loss during upscaling. And the 25.42 cm2 monolithic flexible device exhibits a certificated efficiency of 12.03%. Moreover, the device shows significantly improved air stability relative to conventional high‐conductive poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate‐modified device. All these make the α‐ITO‐modified Ag/Cu electrode promise to achieve high‐efficient and long‐term stable large‐area flexible OSCs.
Enzyme‐Engineered Conjugated Polymer Nanoplatform for Activatable Companion Diagnostics and Multistage Augmented Synergistic Therapy
Authors: Wu Jiayingzi , Zhang Yafei , Jiang Kejia , Wang Xiaoyu , Blum Nicholas Thomas , Zhang Jing , Jiang Shanshan , Lin Jing , Huang Peng
Published: March 2022

Companion diagnostics (CDx) provides critical information for precision medicine. However, current CDx is mostly limited to in vitro tests, which cannot accurately evaluate the disease progression and treatment response in real time. To overcome this challenge, herein a glucose oxidase (GOx)‐engineered conjugated polymer (polyaniline, PANI) nanoplatform (denoted as PANITG) is reported for activatable imaging‐based CDx and multistage augmented photothermal/starvation synergistic therapy. PANITG comprises a pH‐activatable conjugated polymer as a photothermal convertor and photoacoustic (PA) emitter, a GOx as a cancer starvation inducer as well as a H2O2 and acid producer, and a H2O2‐cleavable linker as a “switch” for GOx activity. The in vivo PA imaging and photothermal therapy abilities are activated by acidic tumor microenvironment and self‐augmented by the reaction between GOx and glucose. Meanwhile, the photothermal effect will enhance the GOx activity in turn. Such multistage augmentation of the therapeutic effects will facilitate effective cancer management. In addition, the in vivo PA imaging with PANITG reveals the tumor pH level which is correlated to the efficiency of the photothermal therapy and to the catalytic activity of GOx at each stage, enabling real‐time activatable CDx.
Novel Approach to Track the Lifecycle of Inflammation from Chemokine Expression to Inflammatory Proteins in Sweat Using Electrochemical Biosensor
Authors: Jagannath Badrinath , Pali Madhavi , Lin Kai‐Chun , Sankhala Devangsingh , Naraghi Pejman , Muthukumar Sriram , Prasad Shalini
Published: March 2022

Inflammatory biomarkers are modulated during the course of any infectious disease, and currently, there is no wearable technology that enables patient management through noninvasive monitoring of these markers. This work is the first demonstration of the discovery and quantification of interferon‐inducible protein (IP‐10) and tumor necrosis factor‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL), two key prognostic markers of infection in human sweat. The levels of IP‐10 and TRAIL in sweat are quantified, validated, and confirmed using a standard reference method through preclinical human subject studies. Additionally, simultaneous and continuous detection of IP‐10, TRAIL, and C‐reactive protein (CRP), for infection monitoring in sweat using a wearable SWEATSENSER device is demonstrated. The SWEATSENSER is ultrasensitive with a limit of detection of 1 pg mL−1 (IP‐10 and TRAIL), 0.2 ng mL−1 (CRP) with a wide dynamic range. Bland–Altman analysis demonstrates good agreement between SWEATSENSER and standard reference methods through human subject studies. Serum to sweat relationship demonstrates the potential of the SWEATSENSER to track infection etiology.
A Highly Stable Li‐Organic All‐Solid‐State Battery Based on Sulfide Electrolytes
Authors: Zhou Xing , Zhang Yu , Shen Ming , Fang Zhong , Kong Taoyi , Feng Wuliang , Xie Yihua , Wang Fei , Hu Bingwen , Wang Yonggang
Published: March 2022

Sulfide solid electrolytes with high conductivity that is close to that of liquid electrolyte have been considered to be one of the most promising electrolytes for all‐solid‐state lithium batteries (ASSLBs). Unfortunately, the narrow electrochemical windows of sulfide electrolyte and contact loss at the interface upon cycles much limits the application of sulfide‐based ASSLBs. In this work, an organic quinone cathode, 5,7,12,14‐pentacenetetrone (PT), is used to fabricate an ASSLB with a sulfide electrolyte of glass ceramic 70Li2S‐30P2S5 (LPS). Based on the various in situ/ex situ analyses, it is successfully demonstrated that the decomposition of LPS is negligible and the corresponding effects on interfacial impedance are reversible with optimized carbon additives. In addition, the inherent low Young's modulus of the PT electrode efficiently prevents the contact loss at the interface. As a result, the PT‐based ASSLBs deliver a high specific capacity (312 mAh g−1) and an excellent capacity retention (90.6%) over 500 cycles which is superior to previous reports. Moreover, a carbon‐free ASSLB is constructed by employing Mo6S8 as conductive additives in a PT‐based cathode, which shows an improved rate performance and a long life.
Systemic Integrative Practice: A Meta‐Framework
Authors: White Leonie , Owen Kate
Published: March 2022

Integrative psychotherapeutic practice is the process of creating a broad, overarching framework as a guide to selecting and combining concepts and interventions. Attracting attention over the past 20 years, it has been identified as the dominant trend in family therapy moving into the 21st century. It is no surprise that clinicians necessarily combine several theories, techniques, and factors in their work given the multidimensional nature of work with clients and families. Integrative practice has evolved over time with different models and frameworks proposed, and yet in the field, there are concerns that it is not widely taught despite many identifying as eclectic or integrative. The purpose of this paper is twofold. Firstly, it reviews the topic of integrative practice, its history, evolution, strengths and pitfalls, and models. Secondly, a systemic meta‐framework is proposed as a guide to clinical practice and teaching. The review found a move from eclecticism to integrative practice, with the evolution of integration leading to five primary methods. The proposed QIFT Systemic Meta‐Framework for Integrative Practice both fits within and extends these methods, with the following key elements: way of being, therapeutic alliance with a focus on neurobiology, systemic assessment and formulation, and decision‐making highlighting theory of change.
Implication of in silico studies in the search for novel inhibitors against SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Ali Farak , Alom Shahnaz , Shakya Anshul , Ghosh Surajit K. , Singh Udaya P. , Bhat Hans R.
Published: March 2022

Corona Virus Disease‐19 (COVID‐19) is a pandemic disease mainly caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). It had spread from Wuhan, China, in late 2019 and spread over 222 countries and territories all over the world. Earlier, at the very beginning of COVID‐19 infection, there were no approved medicines or vaccines for combating this disease, which adversely affected a lot of individuals worldwide. Although frequent mutation leads to the generation of more deadly variants of SARS‐CoV‐2, researchers have developed several highly effective vaccines that were approved for emergency use by the World Health Organization (WHO), such as mRNA‐1273 by Moderna, BNT162b2 by Pfizer/BioNTech, Ad26.COV2.S by Janssen, AZD1222 by Oxford/AstraZeneca, Covishield by the Serum Institute of India, BBIBP‐CorV by Sinopharm, coronaVac by Sinovac, and Covaxin by Bharat Biotech, and the first US Food and Drug Administration‐approved antiviral drug Veklury (remdesivir) for the treatment of COVID‐19. Several waves of COVID‐19 have already occurred worldwide, and good‐quality vaccines and medicines should be available for ongoing as well as upcoming waves of the pandemic. Therefore, in silico studies have become an excellent tool for identifying possible ligands that could lead to the development of safer medicines or vaccines. Various phytoconstituents from plants and herbs with antiviral properties are studied further to obtain inhibitors of SARS‐CoV‐2. In silico screening of various molecular databases like PubChem, ZINC, Asinex Biol‐Design Library, and so on has been performed extensively for finding effective ligands against targets. Herein, in silico studies carried out by various researchers are summarized so that one can easily find the best molecule for further in vitro and in vivo studies.
Recent green approaches for the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines: A mini review
Authors: Maher Mai , Zaher Ashraf F. , Mahmoud Zeinab , Kassab Asmaa E.
Published: March 2022

Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidine as a bioisostere of purine has drawn considerable attention as a privileged scaffold for the design and discovery of novel drugs. Green synthesis is an emerging area in the field of chemistry that provides economic and environmental benefits as an alternative to traditional methods. The present mini review reflects recent advances in the green synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidines, published in the time frame from 2006 to 2019.
Viscosity Effects on Excited‐State Dynamics of Indocyanine Green for Phototheranostic
Authors: Liao Keyue , Pan Yonghui , Wu Zizi , Yao Weiyun , Miao Xiaofei , Lu Xiaomei , Fan Quli , Hu Wenbo
Published: March 2022

The excited‐state dynamics of indocyanine green (ICG) fundamentally determine its photophysical properties for phototheranostic. However, its dynamics are predictable to be susceptible toward intracellular viscosity due to its almost freely rotating structure, making the precise phototheranostic very challenging. Therefore, correlating the viscosity with the dynamics of ICG is of great importance and urgency for precise phototheranostic prospects. This study presents systemic investigations on the viscosity‐dependent dynamics of ICG for phototheranostic. Femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) experiments elucidate a prolonged radiative transition (225 psvs152 ps) for ICG in a viscous environment, which benefits fluorescence. High viscosity remarkably extends the triplet excited‐state lifetime of ICG but reduces its internal conversion (6.2 psvs2.2 ps). The extended triplet lifetime affords sufficient photosensitization time to enhance photodynamic therapy. A moderative internal conversion is unfavorable for heat production, resulting in inferior photothermal therapy. With this clear picture of excitation energy state dissipation in mind, we readily identified the safety laser power density for precise phototheranostic. This work provides an insightful understanding of viscosity‐relevant excited‐state dynamics toward phototheranostic, which is also beneficial for designing novel ICG derivatives with improved phototheranostic performance.
Early measurement of autism risk constructs in the general population: A new factor structure of the First Years Inventory (FYIv3.1) for ages 6–16 months
Authors: Baranek Grace T. , Sideris John , Chen Yun‐Ju , Crais Elizabeth R. , Turner‐Brown Lauren , Watson Linda R.
Published: March 2022

Early detection of autism risk in the community is critical to increasing families' access to early intervention, yet few measures have been developed and tested for the general population of infants <16 months to tap a broader range of autism risk constructs. This study aimed to (a) examine the factor structure of the First Years Inventory, version 3.1 (FYIv3.1), with a sample of 6454 infants 6–16 months, and (b) determine the ability of the resulting factors to discriminate clinical outcome groups at 3 years of age. The FYIv3.1 is a parent‐report tool designed to detect early behavioral risk signs that may be associated with a later diagnosis of ASD and related neurodevelopmental conditions. Factor analytic models were used to determine the number of constructs and inter‐factor correlations. Findings supported a seven‐factor structure: communication, imitation and play (CIP); social attention and affective engagement (SAE); sensory hyperresponsiveness (HYPER); sensory hyporesponsiveness (HYPO); self‐regulation in daily routines (SREG); sensory interests, repetitions, and seeking behaviors (SIRS); motor coordination and milestones (MCM). Mean comparisons on these factors demonstrated significant discrimination of the three outcome groups at age 3 years including those classified as having an ASD diagnosis and/or high autism symptoms, those classified as having other developmental disorders/conditions/concerns, and those classified with no known conditions/concerns. These findings support the validity and multidimensionality of early ASD risk constructs, as well as the potential use of the FYIv3.1 for phenotypic subtyping in the general population, and early detection in a broader age range of 6–16 months in future clinical studies.

Lay Summary

The FYIv3.1 is a 69‐item parent‐report questionnaire about infant behaviors that may indicate an elevated likelihood for later neurodevelopmental conditions such as autism. Analyses of responses from 6454 parents of infants 6–16 months indicated that items could be grouped reliably into seven categories. Compared to children with or without other developmental conditions, children in the outcome group with autism spectrum disorder and/or high autism symptoms at age three showed more behavioral risk signs in social‐communication, sensory, and motor domains during infancy.
NCAA panelists aim to debunk top 5 myths about infractions process
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: March 2022

When college athletics administrators find their departments in the unfortunate position of being potentially responsible for an NCAA violation, they likely grapple with concerns about the fairness, efficiency, and effectiveness of the NCAA infractions process in which they're about to engage. And those concerns are also common among those watching from the sidelines as the infractions process unfolds for other schools.
Myelodysplastic syndrome in a case of new‐onset pancytopenia
Authors: Lancaster Ian , Patel Deep , Sethi Vikas , Connelly Weston , Namey Joseph
Published: March 2022

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is an infrequent cause of pancytopenia, which is a decrease in all three peripheral blood cell lines. We report the case of new‐onset pancytopenia following administration of a COVID‐19 vaccine and recurrent Zosyn use who was later found to have myelodysplastic syndrome.
Gitelman syndrome, hypomagnesemia, and venous thrombosis: An intriguing association
Authors: Chargui Soumaya , Houli Rawnak , Ounissi Mondher , Ben Hamida Fethi , Harzallah Amel , Abderrahim Ezzeddine
Published: March 2022

Among salt‐wasting tubulopathies' complications, venous thrombosis is one of the rarest. We report a case of a young woman with Gitelman syndrome (GS). She presented a deep venous thrombosis in her leg and was treated with heparin with favorable outcomes. We retained hypomagnesemia as the cause of the thrombosis.
Friction on I‐Modified Au(111) in a Tetraglyme Electrolyte
Authors: Park Inhee , Hausen Florian , Baltruschat Helmut
Published: March 2022

In situ electrochemical lateral force microscopy (EC‐LFM) has been employed to study the ordered structure of Li+ containing tetraglyme (G4) in front of I‐modified Au(111) and its influence on friction as function of normal load. Since the effect of water in aprotic electrolytes is a critical issue, the influence of water on the ordered structure and friction was also been investigated. Lateral force maps recorded at low normal load (FN<30 nN) show that the adsorbed iodine forms a
structure (
independent of potential. With increasing normal load, observed atomic corrugations at both potentials (0.45 V and −0.4 V) are in agreement with the Au(111) (
structure while returning to a
structure with decreasing normal load. Thus we conclude that the AFM tip penetrates into the iodine adlayer without irreversible wear. Astonishingly, no clear friction increase was observed upon penetration into the iodine adlayer; also no corresponding step was found in force separation (FS) curves. On the other hand, FS curves for I‐modified Au(111) in pure G4 solvent and Li+ containing electrolyte clearly showed several steps suggesting that G4 molecules are forming up to five ordered layers. It is noteworthy that we observed two different push‐through forces for the innermost layers. Considering the higher reproducibility of FS curves on I‐modified Au(111) compared to bare Au(111) we assume that the low surface energy of the iodine monolayer leads to negligible interaction between G4 molecules and iodine adlayer, resulting in less perturbations of the structure by the solid phase and also an increase of push‐through force. Charts of friction forces vs. normal load are found to be independent of applied potential and the concentration of water.