bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern and quitting of tobacco smoking among Egyptian university students
Authors: Anwar Manal M. , Senosy Shaimaa A.
Published: June 2020

Objectives

University students are at high risk of practicing the smoking habit being exposed to smoking peers and easier cigarette availability.

Methods

This study aims to explore prevalence, attitude and pattern of tobacco smoking and quitting among Beni-Suef University students. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to May 2019. A total of 4,599 students were selected by using randomized multi-stage sampling using self-administered questionnaire for data collection.

Results

The mean age of students found to be smokers was 20.8 ± 1.42 years. Males: Females' ratio was 2:1 (66 vs.34%). Prevalence of smoking was 17.4%. Students of non-medical and non-health colleges showed a significant high smoking rate (18.8 and 18.3% respectively) than students in health faculties (15.2%); p=0.017. Participants believed that they might smoke because of: peers' pressure (73.3%), stress (71.4%), imitating popular figures (61.7%) and availability of money (60.4%). Regarding smoking provinces; 86.1% did smoke in coffee-shops, 73.1% in university yards and only 16.87% used to smoke at home Regarding the attitudes of smokers and nonsmokers towards smoking; the acceptance of indoor smoking was significantly higher (85.6%) among smokers than non-smokers (6.42%); p=0.0001. Of note; 51.2% of smokers versus 86.3% of non-smokers agreed to ban smoking in public places (P=0.001). Majority of smokers (72.1%) had the desire to stop smoking while (57.8%) tried to stop smoking but failed.

Conclusions

Smoking is becoming a habit among university students and initiative of a smoke free environment should be encouraged and subject and method.
The impact of fixation method on the biochemical characteristics of hawk tea (Litsea coreana)
Authors: Xu Qing , Zhou Yuanjing , Wang Jihong
Published: June 2020

Fixation is one of the critical steps in tea processing and can cause various physico-chemical changes, thus affecting tea quality. There are many tea processing techniques, but their influence on quality remains unclear. Here, we studied the impact of different fixation methods, including for 6 or 10 min by machine, by iron pan, or by boiling water, on the biochemical characteristics of hawk tea. The results showed that tea fixation technique had a significant influence on the sensory quality, biochemical components, and antioxidant activity of the tea. Compared to other fixation techniques, fixation by boiling water produced a more nutritious hawk tea with stronger DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 6.56 μg/mL). Processing with boiling water also resulted in a better sensory quality with a unique sweet aftertaste. This tea also contained more polyphenols (19.60%), total amino acids (21,219 mg/100 g), essential amino acids (10,564 mg/100 g), and trace elements (5873.13 mg/kg). These results can guide the development of hawk tea products.
Compact groups with many elements of bounded order
Authors: Soleimani Malekan Meisam , Abdollahi Alireza , Ebrahimi Mahdi
Published: June 2020

Lévai and Pyber proposed the following as a conjecture: LetGbe a profinite group such that the set of solutions of the equationxn=1{x^{n}=1}has positive Haar measure. ThenGhas an open subgroupHand an elementtsuch that all elements of the cosettHhave order dividingn(see [V. D. Mazurov and E. I. Khukhro, Unsolved Problems in Group Theory. The Kourovka Notebook. No. 19, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirisk, 2019; Problem 14.53]). The validity of the conjecture has been proved in [L. Lévai and L. Pyber, Profinite groups with many commuting pairs or involutions, Arch. Math. (Basel) 75 2000, 1–7] forn=2{n=2}. Here we study the conjecture for compact groupsGwhich are not necessarily profinite andn=3{n=3}; we show that in the latter case the groupGcontains an open normal 2-Engel subgroup.
Platelet counts during pregnancy in Chinese women
Authors: Zhang Li-Xia , Dong Ning , Yang Rui-Xia , Li Ang , Luo Xuan-Mei , Yang Nan , Lu Hai-Ling , Xu Hua-Guo
Published: June 2020

Objectives

Gestational thrombocytopenia (GT) is the most common cause of thrombocytopenia during pregnancy. However, the occurrence and severity of thrombocytopenia throughout pregnancy in Chinese women are not fully defined.

Methods

We analyzed platelet counts in Chinese women who received prenatal care and/or delivered at the First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University between January 2, 2018 and July 19, 2018 in China. These platelet counts were compared with those of nonpregnant women in the same study period.

Results

The platelet counts of all women continued to decrease significantly each trimester (p < 0.0001). The mean platelet counts of the 818 women who had pregnancy-related complications were lower than those of the 796 women who had uncomplicated pregnancies during the third trimester (p = 0.047). At the time of delivery, platelet counts less than 150 × 109/L were more common in women with pregnancy-related complications than in women with uncomplicated pregnancy (26.7% vs. 19.7%, p = 0.03).

Conclusions

Platelet counts decrease throughout pregnancy in Chinese women and platelet counts less than 150 × 109/L were more common in women with pregnancy-related complications than in women with uncomplicated pregnancy. The pregnant women should be paid more attention for thrombocytopenia to avoid the occurrence of bleeding events.
Extended perfusion protocol for MS lesion quantification
Authors: Kontopodis Eleftherios , Marias Kostas , Manikis Georgios C. , Nikiforaki Katerina , Venianaki Maria , Maris Thomas G. , Mastorodemos Vasileios , Papadakis Georgios Z. , Papadaki Efrosini
Published: June 2020

This study aims to examine a time-extended dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) protocol and report a comparative study with three different pharmacokinetic (PK) models, for accurate determination of subtle blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This time-extended DCE-MRI perfusion protocol, called Snaps, was applied on 24 active demyelinating lesions of 12 MS patients. Statistical analysis was performed for both protocols through three different PK models. The Snaps protocol achieved triple the window time of perfusion observation by extending the magnetic resonance acquisition time by less than 2 min on average for all patients. In addition, the statistical analysis in terms of adj-R
2 goodness of fit demonstrated that the Snaps protocol outperformed the conventional DCE-MRI protocol by detecting 49% more pixels on average. The exclusive pixels identified from the Snaps protocol lie in the low k
trans range, potentially reflecting areas with subtle BBB disruption. Finally, the extended Tofts model was found to have the highest fitting accuracy for both analyzed protocols. The previously proposed time-extended DCE protocol, called Snaps, provides additional temporal perfusion information at the expense of a minimal extension of the conventional DCE acquisition time.
The will of young minors in the terminal stage of sickness: A case report
Authors: Fedeli Piergiorgio , Giorgetti Sergio , Cannovo Nunzia
Published: June 2020

Introduction

In Italy, both parents have parental responsibility, so they have the power to give or withhold consent to medical procedures on their children.

Methods

The present work reports the case of a 5-year-old boy diagnosed with neuroblastoma in the right adrenal loggia, who underwent several chemotherapy treatments that prolonged his life until the age of 10. Informed consent for treatments was requested exclusively of the parents, without taking into consideration the minor’s will, not even when he asked for increased pain relief medication instead of other palliative treatments.

Results

The authors thought it interesting to examine the case in the light of new Italian legislation on informed consent and to verify whether it promotes greater participation of minors in healthcare choices, given that the issue of acquisition of informed consent is becoming increasingly broad and complex.

Conclusion

The case examined here indicates that current Italian legislation, even including the modifications introduced, does not allow for concrete and active participation of minors, especially those under the age of 12, in the discussion of choices about their health, not even in choices regarding the end of life, and not even when the minor manifests a mature capacity for discernment.
Identification of the hub genes RUNX2 and FN1 in gastric cancer
Authors: Han Chao , Jin Lei , Ma Xuemei , Hao Qin , Lin Huajun , Zhang Zhongtao
Published: June 2020

Background

This study identified key genes in gastric cancer (GC) based on the mRNA microarray GSE19826 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and preliminarily explored the relationships among the key genes.

Methods

Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained using the GEO2R tool. The functions and pathway enrichment of the DEGs were analyzed using the Enrichr database. Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) were established by STRING. A lentiviral vector was constructed to silence RUNX2 expression in MGC-803 cells. The expression levels of RUNX2 and FN1 were measured. The influences of RUNX2 and FN1 on overall survival (OS) were determined using the Kaplan–Meier plotter online tool.

Results

In total, 69 upregulated and 65 downregulated genes were identified. Based on the PPI network of the DEGs, 20 genes were considered hub genes. RUNX2 silencing significantly downregulated the FN1 expression in MGC-803 cells. High expression of RUNX2 and low expression of FN1 were associated with long survival time in diffuse, poorly differentiated, and lymph node-positive GC.

Conclusion

High RUNX2 and FN1 expression were associated with poor OS in patients with GC. RUNX2 can negatively regulate the secretion of FN1, and both genes may serve as promising targets for GC treatment.
Is Access Enough? Interrogating the Influence of Money and Power in Shaping Information
Authors: Perry Heather Brodie
Published: June 2020

Access to information encourages innovation and leads to participation in society of individuals. The emergence of Open Access supports the inclusion of all, including the voices of the traditionally marginalized, yet access alone is insufficient to enable consumers to effectively use information. Power structures can influence the information available and silence opposing viewpoints. Industry disinformation can influence viewpoints and shape policy in ways that can be detrimental to individuals and the community. Information consumers may not possess the competence required to navigate the complex information ecosystem to find the accurate, high-quality, resources required to meet their need. Libraries have a role in assisting consumers develop the critical evaluation capabilities essential to the exercise of informed skepticism when evaluating truth claims. Access is essential; however, without the knowledge to determine the quality and validity of information, a consumer can be misled in ways that can cause harm to themselves and society.
The YouTube Algorithm and the Alt-Right Filter Bubble
Authors: Bryant Lauren Valentino
Published: June 2020

The YouTube algorithm is a combination of programmed directives from engineers along with learned behaviors that have evolved through the opaque process of machine learning which makes the algorithm’s directives and programming hard to understand. Independent tests to replicate the algorithm have shown that the algorithm has a strong bias towards right-leaning politics videos, including those racist views expressed by the alt-right community. While the algorithm seems to be pushing users towards the alt-right video content merely in an attempt to keep users in a cycle of video watching, the end result makes YouTube a powerful recruiting tool for Neo-Nazis and the alt-right. The filter bubble effect that this creates pushes users into a loop that reinforces radicalism instead of level-headed factual resources.
Pulp and paper industry wastewater treatment: use of microbes and their enzymes
Authors: Ram Chhotu , Rani Pushpa , Gebru Kibrom Alebel , Mariam Abrha Mebrhit G
Published: June 2020

Pulp and paper industry is coming under one of the most water polluting industries, and generated wastewater is highly toxic in nature. The paper mill requires huge quantity (~50–60 m3of water to produce one ton of paper) of water, and accordingly huge quantity of chemical contaminated wastewater is discharged. The paper mill effluents have identified 240–250 chemicals in different stages of paper making. Various chemical constituents such as high chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, AOX, chlorinated compounds, color, suspended materials, lignin and their derivatives are released in the wastewater. The present review study is focused on the paper mill processes, wastewater generation and its effective treatment by microorganisms. The biological treatment has been identified as cost-effective and eco-friendly methods for the degradation of xenobiotic compounds for paper mill wastewater. Various studies have been performed so far to investigate the complex nature of wastewater by the application of bacteria, fungi and their enzymes at industrial scale. Therefore, the article discussed the importance of biological method as an effective technique for the degradation of paper mill wastewater.
Sounds in the classroom: Auditory context-dependent memory in school-aged children
Authors: Ostendorf Anna L. , Schlüter Helge , Hackländer Ryan P. M.
Published: June 2020

Context-dependent memory (CDM) is the effect whereby information is retrieved more accurately in the presence of the contextual information that was present during encoding than in the absence of that contextual information. Most previous CDM experiments have focused on spatial location, but contexts such as sights, smells, and sounds have also been shown to be effective mnemonic cues, although the research is more limited. In relation to auditory contexts, much of the previous research has focused on music and on adults. We were interested in determining whether auditory CDM effects could be found in a classroom setting in school-aged children using background noises. Across two experiments we found that the reinstatement of the auditory context improved memory performance for 2nd, 3rd, and 5th grade students. Sounds, not just musical pieces, are stored in memory and can be effective contextual mnemonic cues. Further, (auditory) CDM effects can be found in young children. Teachers should be aware of the influence of contextual auditory cues in the classroom setting, and how this information is stored along with the focus of the teaching lesson.
Erzeugung künstlicher Datensätze zum Training konvolutionaler neuronaler Netze für die spektrale Entmischung
Authors: Anastasiadis Johannes , Benzing Philipp , Puente León Fernando
Published: June 2020

In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methode vorgestellt, mit der Daten zum Training von künstlichen neuronalen Netzen für die spektrale Entmischung erzeugt werden. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass nur Spektren der beteiligten Reinstoffe und, je nach verwendetem Modell, wenige Mischspektren zur Bestimmung der Parameter an realen Daten zur Verfügung stehen müssen. Daraus können mit Hilfe von Mischmodellen, die auch direkt zur Entmischung herangezogen werden können, große Mengen an Spektren zum Trainieren erzeugt werden. Im Gegensatz zum direkten Einsatz der Mischmodelle, wo von einem Spektrum pro Reinstoff ausgegangen wird, wird hier die Spektrenvariabilität berücksichtigt, indem unterschiedliche Spektren desselben Reinstoffs genutzt werden. Dabei wird die Eigenschaft künstlicher neuronaler Netze ausgenutzt, aussagekräftige Merkmale auf Basis großer Datenmengen lernen zu können.
An Amuletic Papyrus from Theban Tomb 233 and the Four

Akh-spirits
Authors: Ockinga Boyo G. , Fischer-Elfert Hans-Werner
Published: June 2020

Publication of an amuletic papyrus of the early post-Ramesside Period found in the tomb of Saroy (TT233) invoking the protection of the four akh-spirits. The text, which is the earliest attested to specify the names of the spirits, is analysed in the context of the known parallel texts and of the references to the four spirits.
Priests Petitioning the Police (P.Brit.Mus. EA 10650)
Authors: Winkler Andreas
Published: June 2020

The article contains the edition and discussion of a rarely encountered form of petition (ꜥn-smy) from the Ptolemaic Fayum, which today is kept by the British Museum in London. The text was submitted by a lesonis of Soknebtunis to the chief of police in Mouchis. The document concerns a dispute between two priests from two different localities, Kerkeneith and Tebtunis, over agricultural lands and a harvest. The text is not only an addition to the small corpus of such petitions but also informs about juridical, economic, and religious life in the Fayum under the Ptolemies. It furthermore sheds light on business connections among members of various crocodile priesthoods in the Fayum.
Informationsweitergabe und Informationsasymmetrien im Gesellschaftsrecht
Authors: Koch Jens
Published: June 2020

Charakteristisch für das Gesellschaftsrecht ist das arbeitsteilige Zusammenwirken einer Vielzahl von Personen, die miteinander durch ein dicht gewebtes Netz von Rechten und Pflichten verbunden sind. Rechte kann aber nur derjenige sinnvoll ausüben, der die tatsächlichen Rahmenbedingungen dieser Rechtsausübung kennt und eben diese Kenntnisse benötigt er auch, um zu überwachen, ob andere ihren Pflichten nachkommen. Deshalb ist der Abbau von Informationsasymmetrien durch die Weitergabe von Informationen in vielerlei Hinsicht ein zentrales Thema des Gesellschaftsrechts. Der folgende Beitrag soll zeigen, mit welchen Mechanismen das Gesellschaftsrecht solchen Informationsasymmetrien entgegenwirkt. Zugleich soll er aber auch deutlich machen, dass die Weiterleitung von Informationen stets nur mit viel Augenmaß angeordnet werden darf, weil jede Weiterleitungspflicht auch Kosten und Nachteile erzeugen kann, die in einzelnen Fällen die Vorteile der Weitergabe überwiegen können.
Shock-tube study of the decomposition of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane
Authors: Sela Paul , Peukert Sebastian , Herzler Jürgen , Schulz Christof , Fikri Mustapha
Published: June 2020

Shock-tube experiments have been performed to investigate the thermal decomposition of octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4, Si4O4C8H24) and hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3, Si3O3C6H18) behind reflected shock waves by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and high-repetition-rate time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HRR-TOF-MS) in a temperature range of 1160–1600 K and a pressure range of 1.3–2.6 bar. The main observed stable products were methane (CH4), ethylene (C2H4), ethane (C2H6), acetylene (C2H2) and in the case of D4 pyrolysis, also D3 was measured as a product in high concentration. A kinetics sub-mechanism accounting for the D4 and D3 gas-phase chemistry was devised, which consists of 19 reactions and 15 Si-containing species. The D4/D3 submechanism was combined with the AramcoMech 2.0 (Li et al., Proc. Combust. Inst. 2017, 36, 403–411) to describe hydrocarbon chemistry. The unimolecular rate coefficients for D4 and D3 decomposition are represented by the Arrhenius expressions k
total/D4(T) = 2.87 × 1013 exp(−273.2 kJ mol−1/RT) s−1 and k
total/D3(T) = 9.19 × 1014 exp(−332.0 kJ mol−1/RT) s−1, respectively.
The mathematical corporation: Where machine intelligence and human ingenuity achieve the impossible
Authors: Waxman Martin
Published: June 2020

Communications and public relations are becoming increasingly complex and machine-driven. Authors Sullivan and Zutavern explore the long-term implications of this complexity in The Mathematical Corporation, a book about how communications professionals must negotiate the power of new technology with the possibility of humans becoming redundant. This book review argues that The Mathematical Corporation is ultimately hopeful, as it suggests that communications professionals can use new technology in forward-thinking ways without causing social and economic turmoil.
©Journal of Professional Communication, all rights reserved.
The stakeholder-communication continuum: An alternate approach to internal and external communications
Authors: Chen Rita
Published: June 2020

Academic scholarship and professional literature have defined communications as existing in two groups: internal and external/public relations. However, globalism, technology, evolving communication practices, and the maturation of the public relations field have evoked changing attitudes and perceptions regarding stakeholder identification, publics, and communications. This researcher sent a broad, representative survey to university alumni, conducted in-depth interviews with university staff, and performed a content analysis of alumni-facing communications, resulting in an alternate method of viewing internal and external communications. Dubbed the stakeholder-communication continuum, the theory places internal and external communications on either end of a spectrum, with stakeholder groups plotted along the continuum based on their relationship to the organization and each other.
©Journal of Professional Communication, all rights reserved.
10 Tips for strategic public relations during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sévigny Alex , Lamonica Tristan
Published: June 2020

This practical paper enumerates 10 tips for strategic communciations during the COVID-19 pandemic. Driven by data, the tips focus on knowing your audience, having empathy for what they are going through and having an understanding of how people’s perception of the relative value of mainstream media and social media as information sources has changed during the pandemic crisis. The paper emerged from a podcast interview organized by Dave Scholz at Léger with Alex Sévigny which focused on the rise of social media that happened during the pandemic, caused by the widespread and sudden movement to working from home across the economy. 
©Journal of Professional Communication, all rights reserved.
Instagram como herramienta de aprendizaje musical en educación secundaria y bachillerato
Authors: Blasco Magraner José Salvador , López Ramos Rubén
Published: June 2020

El uso de metodologías renovadoras que incluyan elementos atractivos para el alumnado de la ESO y Bachillerato está relacionado en muchos casos por la utilización de recursos TIC, cuyas aplicaciones en el aula de secundaria y de bachillerato se realizan mediante plataformas creadas con fines didácticos con un uso restringido al ámbito académico. No obstante, estas aplicaciones no figuran entre las que más utilizan los jóvenes de nuestro país por voluntad propia. En este sentido, en el presente artículo se ha implementado una intervención didáctica en dos grupos de 4º curso de ESO y primer curso de bachillerato de un instituto público de la zona metropolitana de la ciudad de Valencia, en las asignaturas de música y de análisis musical respectivamente, que se sirve de la red social Instagram como herramienta de aprendizaje de los contenidos musicales que se están impartiendo en el libro de texto de forma tradicional. La aplicación de Instagram con el fin de crear memes de los contenidos que se están impartiendo en las asignaturas de música en estos niveles académicos mejoran los resultados de aprendizaje del alumnado de forma muy positiva. Asimismo, este tipo de actividades resultan muy motivadoras para el alumnado frente a las metodologías convencionales.
experiencia comunitaria del consumo de marcas. De la subcultura de consumo a la tribu consumidora
Authors: Sanz-Marcos Paloma , Elías-Zambrano Rodrigo
Published: June 2020

Existen numerosas taxonomías de consumidores que abordan el comportamiento de los mismos con respecto a la marca. No obstante, existe cierta confusión a la hora de distinguir y definir las características de los conceptos que se incluyen en estas clasificaciones. La principal novedad de este estudio radica en la sintetización de las principales aportaciones teóricas que estudian el comportamiento colectivo de los consumidores con objeto de explorar las implicaciones concretas que suponen para la gestión de marca. Para ello se exploran las diferencias conceptuales entre los términos subcultura de consumo, comunidad de marca y tribu consumidora con objeto de proponer un marco de referencia comparativo que relacione el compromiso hacia la marca, el sentido de pertenencia entre los consumidores y la construcción del significado de marca para los mismos. Los resultados indican que, en efecto, las diferencias conceptuales entre estos términos han de ser abordadas por los profesionales de la gestión de marca con objeto de implementar de manera eficaz las estrategias de branding.
Articulaciones, rupturas y superaciones de un modelo de educación para la comunicación mediado por las TIC
Authors: López León María Elena , Junco Martínez Felisa , Capó Pérez Boris Antonio
Published: June 2020

El presente artículo se propone solventar desde un modelo de Educación para la comunicación ciudadana (EPCc), mediada por las TIC en espacios de vulnerabilidad social, las articulaciones/rupturas/superaciones que son inherentes a la convivencia de encargos institucionales, a partir de la propuesta que descansa en la gestión interactoral liderada por Joven Club de Computación y Electrónica (JCCE) y las competencias/encargos que corresponden a la escuela. Toda vez que la autora reconoce como actuante la mediación pedagógica en aquellos espacios donde se imparte educación no formal. Estos espacios cuentan con una oferta de formación complementaria de calidad, orientada al desarrollo de competencias socio-educativas y ciudadanas en población de comunidades en desventaja social; con una acción de Proyección comunitaria desde la cual se catalizan gestiones para el mejoramiento de sus entornos inmediatos y mediatos de convivencia, en términos de seguridad y calidad desde la mediación de las TIC como contribución al empoderamiento ciudadano. Se analiza la mediación de los Joven Club de Computación y Electrónica como solución alternativa dirigida a garantizar la reducción de la brecha digital, mediante intercambios y aprendizajes, como estrategias de posicionamiento y desarrollo para el contexto local. Todo ello se profundiza en un caso de estudio: Palacio Central de la Computación. La investigación empírica se realiza desde la perspectiva epistemológica interpretativa, apoyándose en el uso de diferentes métodos y técnicas de investigación (empíricas y documentales) que triangulados mediante análisis y síntesis permiten sustentar la propuesta.
The Reuniens and Rhomboid Nuclei Are Required for Acquisition of Pavlovian Trace Fear Conditioning in Rats
Authors: Lin Yu-Ju , Chiou Ruei-Jen , Chang Chun-hui
Published: June 2020

The reuniens (Re) and rhomboid (Rh) nuclei (ReRh) of the midline thalamus interconnects the hippocampus (HPC) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Several studies have suggested that the ReRh participates in various cognitive tasks. However, little is known about the contribution of the ReRh in Pavlovian trace fear conditioning, a procedure with a temporal gap between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (US), and therefore making it harder for the animals to acquire. Because the HPC and mPFC are involved in trace, but not delay, fear conditioning and given the role of the ReRh in mediating this neurocircuitry, we hypothesized that ReRh inactivation leads to a learning deficit only in trace conditioning. In a series of experiments, we first examined the c-Fos expression in male Long–Evans rats and established that the ReRh was recruited in the encoding, but not the retrieval phase, of fear memory. Next, we performed behavioral pharmacology experiments and found that ReRh inactivation impaired only the acquisition, but not the consolidation or retrieval, of trace fear. However, although the ReRh was recruited during the encoding of delay fear demonstrated by c-Fos results, ReRh inactivation in any phases did not interfere with delay conditioning. Finally, we found that trace fear acquired under ReRh inactivation reprised when the ReRh was brought off-line during retrieval. Together, our data revealed the essential role of the ReRh in a learning task with temporally discontinuous stimuli.
Identification of Mouse Claustral Neuron Types Based on Their Intrinsic Electrical Properties
Authors: Graf Martin , Nair Aditya , Wong Kelly L.L. , Tang Yanxia , Augustine George J.
Published: June 2020

Although its dense connections with other brain areas suggests that the claustrum is involved in higher-order brain functions, little is known about the properties of claustrum neurons. Using whole-cell patch clamp recordings in acute brain slices of mice, we characterized the intrinsic electrical properties of more than 300 claustral neurons and used unsupervised clustering of these properties to define distinct cell types. Differences in intrinsic properties permitted separation of interneurons (INs) from projection neurons (PNs). Five subtypes of PNs could be further identified by differences in their adaptation of action potential (AP) frequency and amplitude, as well as their AP firing variability. Injection of retrogradely transported fluorescent beads revealed that PN subtypes differed in their projection targets: one projected solely to subcortical areas while three out of the remaining four targeted cortical areas. INs expressing parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SST), or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) formed a heterogenous group. PV-INs were readily distinguishable from VIP-INs and SST-INs, while the latter two were clustered together. To distinguish IN subtypes, an artificial neural network was trained to distinguish the properties of PV-INs, SST-INs, and VIP-INs, as independently identified through their expression of marker proteins. A user-friendly, machine-learning tool that uses intrinsic electrical properties to distinguish these eight different types of claustral cells was developed to facilitate implementation of our classification scheme. Systematic classification of claustrum neurons lays the foundation for future determinations of claustrum circuit function, which will advance our understanding of the role of the claustrum in brain function.
On energy sufficiency and the need for new policies to combat growing inequities in the residential energy sector
Authors: Fournier Eric Daniel , Cudd Robert , Federico Felicia , Pincetl Stephanie
Published: June 2020

The decreasing cost and increasing availability of new technologies capable of improving household energy efficiency, generating and storing renewable energy, and decarbonizing major end use appliances have begun to significantly transform many residential communities across the U.S. Despite these positive developments however, the degree to which disadvantaged communities (DACs) have been able to participate in and benefit from these transformations remains far from equal. Using historical time series data at the zipcode level within Los Angeles County, we document the scale and extent to which DACs continue to be left behind. These data show per-capita levels of electricity and natural gas consumption within DACs that are, on average, about half of those seen within their more affluent counterparts. We argue that the magnitude of these differences reflect a fundamental departure in the use of energy from purposes of sufficiency to those of excess. We introduce a set of forecasts that show the extent to which current inequities in per-capita energy consumption, rates of vehicle electrification, and adoption of rooftop solar PV are likely to persist under the status quo. In conclusion, we suggest that the redistributive investment of public funds for the purpose of accelerating DAC participation in energy system transformations constitutes a socially optimal investment strategy – one which reflects the dramatically higher marginal utility of units of energy consumed at levels of sufficiency rather than excess.
ALGORITHMIZATION OF THE FAILED SUBSCHEMES LOCALIZATION PROCESS
Authors: Verlan Anatoli F. , Polozhaenko Sergii A. , Prokofieva Ludmila L. , Shylov Vladinir P.
Published: June 2020

Approaches to the algorithmization of the process of localizing faulty subschemes of a wide class of electrical devices (in particular, electrical and electronic) are considered, appropriate algorithms are proposed, and the possibility of their application in practical applications is shown. In particular, it was noted that in modern conditions, with increasing requirements for the reliability of electrical devices and expanding the set of functions performed by them, not only the full feasibility of monitoring the operability of these devices at the production and operation stages should be considered, but also ensuring the potential possibility of diagnosing the developed devices (systems ) -at the design stage. At the same time, the observed complication of the methodological support of individual procedures and the whole diagnostic process as a whole is indicated, which, on the one hand, is connected with the need to carry out the most complete and comprehensive diagnosis, and on the other hand, determines a sharp increase in computing resources and labor costs for the implementation of a diagnostic experiment.One of the possible solutions to this contradiction is the formalization and subsequent algorithmization of diagnostic procedures, which ensures the automation of the latter and, as a result, reduces the time of diagnosis and improves its quality.The proposed algorithmic tools implement model-oriented methods for the localization of faulty subschemes of electrical devices (systems), in particular, the method of training and testing characteristics. A distinctive feature of these methods and the algorithmic support considered in the work is the use of models of the devices under study during a diagnostic experiment, which makes it possible to form and test functionally necessary (ideally, any) health hypotheses of the latter.
ORGANIZATION OF COMPUTATIONS IN CLUSTERS USING TRANSPARENT PARALLELIZING PRINCIPLES
Authors: Pavlenko Vitaliy D. , Pavlenko Sergey V.
Published: June 2020

Methods of consructing of the systems identification and recognition requirements significant computational resources and therefore require usage of parallel systems, such as clusters or computers with multiple processors or processors with multiple cores. In this paper cluster computing organization principles based on transparent parallelizing are considered. Questions that arise while implementing this technology as a parallel calculations framework are described. Described technology has been implemented as a framework on Java programming language. Architecture of such framework is shown and functionality of its parts is described. The concept of a value ID and the concept of an unready value ID have been proposed to implement the proposed principles. The ID of a value is an ID that should be assigned to each value that is used as input or output parameter of procedure. These assignments are cluster-wide and are used to replace sending parameter value with sending its ID. The same values are often used in different calls in parallel programs, so using IDs allows the framework to save traffic. IDs of unready values are createdeach time during a procedure call and are assigned to the output parameters of the procedure. They are used to get the value of parameter in the moment of the first access. Also they are passed to the server as a part of information about an order. When the execution of an order is finished, value IDs are obtained for values of output parameters of the order and these IDs are assigned to the corresponding IDs of unready values. RMI technology has been used to implement communication between server and clients. Also JDBC has been used to implement storing of final and intermediate computations results to external database. In this paper is to propose method of execution time characteristics analysis for parallel applications that have been created using the technology of orders based transparent parallelizing. Its efficiency has been proven by solving the problem of determination of diagnostic value of formed features diagnostics on a cluster of 2, 3, 5 and 10 computers. The result of multiplication of execution time by number of processors has grown by not more than 1.13% when using 2, 3 or 5 computers instead of one, and by not more than 3.25% when using 10 computers instead of one during this experiment. The closest analogue of offered approach is T-system.
Gyvenimo ir meno vienybės įprasminimas klasikiniame Daoizme
Authors: Poškaitė Loreta
Published: June 2020

Šiame straipsnyje siekiama parodyti, kaip gyvenimo ir meno vienybė buvo pagrindžiama tradicinėje kinų kultūroje. Tai ryškiausiai įprasminta daoizme ir šiandien ypač traukia daugelio Vakarų menininkų, kultūrologų, estetikų dėmesį, padeda apmąstyti tolesnes estetinės minties sklaidos galimybes ir jos persikeitimo į kasdienybės estetiką tendencijas. Tuo tikslu bus aptariama kinų meno ir kūrybos samprata, meninės kūrybos proceso savitumai, daoistiniai kūrybos psichologijos metodai bei jų įkūnijimas vienoje unikaliausių kinų meninės veiklos formų – tapyboje, pasižyminčioje ypatingu sakralumu. Jo bruožų analizė sugrąžina į kasdienio gyvenimo stichiją, kurios patyrimo unikalumą čia mėginama atskleisti nagrinėjant džiaugsmo (le) sampratą daoizme. Šioje studijoje pasitelkiami etimologinis, rekonstrukcinis, hermeneutinis, fenomenologinis bei istorinis lyginamasis metodai.
Sanskrito dramos kilmės tyrinėjimų istorija ir problemos
Authors: Jaskūnas Valdas
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje apžvelgiama sanskrito dramos tyrinėjimų Vakaruose ir Indijoje XIX–XX a. istorija bei indologų studijose išryškėjantys kėblumai, susiję su sanskrito dramos kilmės problema. Vadovaujantis komparatyvistinių metodologijų principais, mėginama kritiškai pažvelgti į įvairių autorių sanskrito dramos kilmei tyrinėti taikomas metodologines prieigas is kultūrologo pozicijų. Tokia metodologinė nuostata neišvengiamai verčia sanskrito dramos kilmės problemą analizuoti universalesnėje indologijoje polemizuojančių nuomonių perspektyvoje, kadangi būtent ji leidžia įvertinti, kaip dažnai dramos kilmės problemai bei jos sprendimo būdams turėjo įtakos su drama artimai susijusių filosofinių, lingvistinių, archeologinių bei kultūrologinių tyrinėjimų išvados.
Rasos kategorija klasikinės indų muzikos estetikoje
Authors: Tamošaitytė Daiva
Published: June 2020

Šiame straipsnyje autorė aptaria kai kuriuos esminius estetinės indų rasos teorijos aspektus ir sklaidą klasikinės indų muzikos kontekste. Pirmiausia ji remiasi rasos doktrina, išplėtota Bharatos veikale “Nāyaśāstra, Abhinavaguptos “Abhinavabhāratī”, Śargadeva’s Sañgītaratnākara, Bhaa Nāyakos ir kitų indų scholastų veikaluose, ir papildo ją šiuolaikinių autorių, kaip antai: Sri Aurobindo, A. Daniélou, S. Ch. Dey, V. Raghavano ir O. C. Gangoly, nuomone bei mokslinių tyrimų išvadomis. Autorė eksplikuoja rasos koncepciją pagrindinių indų klasikinės muzikos formų – raga ir ragini – pagrindu ir aptaria jų deifikacijos bei vizualizacijos reikšmę tiek muzikoje, tiek filosofijoje ir poezijoje. Pažymėdama integralų rasos koncepcijos pobūdį, autorė nurodo, jog pastaroji, buvusi sukurta žymių sanskrito teoretikų alamkārikų, nuo XIII a. tapo itin svarbia nuo kitų menų atsiskyrusios muzikos teorijos estetine doktrina. Dabar rasos koncepcija tebėra integrali Indijos estetinės filosofinės minties dalis, ir, tiriant muzikos sritį, ji turėtų būti laikoma tiek integraliu, tiek universaliu principu. Jei indų klasikinę muziką norime suvokti aukščiausiu lygmeniu, šiam principui turime skirti pagrindini vaidmeni ir perprasti jo esmę. Rasos koncepcijos esmė – transcendentinis grynas grožis, kuris transformuoja emocijas ir reiškiasi kaip sat–cit–ānanda, arba “pati save suvokianti palaiminga būtis”.
Diversification of Domestic Politics of the GCC Member States After the Second Gulf War
Authors: Račius Egdūnas
Published: June 2020

This paper will concentrate on exploring how the domestic politics of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries have been redirected and reshaped as a consequence of the Second Gulf War. Although the war affected directly only Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, it has also been experienced by other GCC member states: Bahrain, next to Saudi Arabia, was a major base of Allied forces, United Arab Emirates had sent its jet–fighters to the operations against Iraqi troops. Therefore, white Kuwait and Saudi Arabia will be the primary focus of the paper, the rest of the Persian Gulf Arab countries will receive partial attention too.
Veiksmažodžių struktūros ypatybės baltų, tocharų ir sanskrito kalbose
Authors: Chomičenkienė Aleta
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje analizuojama baltų, tocharų ir sanskrito veiksmažodžio struktūra: inovacijos ir archaizmai. Išsamiau aptariamos tocharų kalbos veiksmažodžio bendrosios gramatinės kategorijos: veikslo, skaičiaus, laikų, nuosakų, taip pat indoeuropietikieji formantai ir veiksmažodžių klasės.Tyrinėjime pateikiamos, morfonologiniu aspektu gretinamos baltų, tocharų kalbų ir sanskrito veiksmažodžio gretybės (tipas rauna//rauja).
At-Tasawwuf and Neoplatonic Philosophy
Authors: Uždavinys Algis
Published: June 2020

Despite the clear evidence that Sufism derived from the Qur’an, or rather interpretations of the selected Qur’anic verses and sayings of the Prophet, its metaphysical and spiritual dimensions are closely tied with the late Hellenic philosophy and especially Neoplatonism. The Sufi sages, such as Dhu’l-Nun al-Misri, Ibn ’Arabi, Shabistari, Suhrawardi and others, accepted, transformed and adapted to the Islamic context many ideas of metaphysics and spiritual psychology which originated in the Middle Platonic and Neoplatonic milieu. Alexander of Aphrodisias, Numenius, Plotinus, Jamblichus, Syrianus, Proclus or Damascius as philosophers under their own proper names are almost unknown to the Muslims and the Middle Platonic and Neoplatonic doctrines are often presented under the name of Aristotle. However, the anonymous Neoplatonic ideas are widely used, though sometimes they may be understood just as the manifestations of the same transcendental archetypes.
Vidurio kelias konfucianizme: ar jis gali būti vaikštomas?
Authors: Poškaitė Loreta
Published: June 2020

Straipsnyje analizuojama Vidurio kelio samprata ir reikšmė konfucianizmui siekiant parodyti ne vien etinę–socialinę, bet ontologinę ir religinę jo prasmę. Tam išskiriami trys svarbiausi persipinantys Vidurio kelio funkcionavimo aspektai, kurie buvo netiesiogiai nurodyti daugiaprasmėse Konfucijaus ištarose ir vėliau išrutulioti jo sekėjų mokyme: 1) kiekybinis–formalusis (suvokiant Vidurio kelią kaip saikingumą), 2) kokybinis–humanistinis (kaip abipusė kaita ir palaikymas), 3) gelminis–universalusis (kaip žmogaus ir Dangaus, t. y. šventybės ir kosmoso, vienybės išraika). Ypatingas dėmesys atkreipiamas į tai, kad kinų kalboje žodis zhong reiškia ne tik vidurį (kaip jis dažniausiai verčiamas į Vakarų Europos kalbas), bet – ir pirmiausia – centrą. Tai leidžia traktuoti Vidurio kelią ne kaip paprastą pusiausvyrą tarp kraštutinumų ar kompromisų ieškojimą, bet kaip daugybės perspektyvų sutelkti, atvirą ir nelokalizuojamą centrą, grindžiamą kasdieniu – asmeniniu patyrimu ir todėl nedogmatizuojamą, nesisteminamą bei neperduodamą. Tai paverčia Vidurio kelio ieškojimą bei laikymąsi itin artimu ir kartu sunkiai įgyvendinamu uždaviniu.
The Word (Vāc) in the Cosmology and Soteriology of Kashmir Śaivism
Authors: Beinorius Audrius
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the meaning of the Divine Word in the agamic Kashmiri Śaiva tradition. At first, making a brief overwiev of the history of the sacred word in Indian culture, attention is drawn to the fact, that the function of word and oral language as an agent of transformation from the human realm to the divine has been perennial concern of Indian theological speculation, since language in Hinduism is nearly always identified with both human consciousness and the divine cosmos. It has been pointed out, that an elaborate mysticism of the word found in the Śaiva Tantras has Vedic precendents and presupposes the philosophy of Bhartrhari. Tantra has the assumption that man and the universe correspond as microcosm and macrocosm and that both are subject to the mysterious power of words and letters. The Tantric Kashmiri tradition, while building upon the Śaiva-Āgamas and Grammarian tradition, formulates its own unique rational theology of traidic monism and of complex verbal cosmology, wherein sacred Verbum is fundamental to both the creation of the universe and to the reintegration of the soul into the cosmos. The climax of a hermeneutics of synthesis and the sacred word exegesis is represented in Abhinavagupta’s works. Abhinavagupta’s subtle speculation on the Word extends from its mystical dimension to the intricacies of Sanskrit alphabet and linguistic speculation, from psychological subtleties to philosophical reasoning.
Sąmonės koncepcija Sri aurobindo estetikoje
Authors: Tamošaitytė Daiva
Published: June 2020

Šiame straipsnyje nagrinėjama Sri Aurobindo estetikos samprata, kurios centre - originali sąmonės koncepcija. Meną laikydamas vienu iš aukščiausios dieviškosios sąmonės - Antsąmonės - pasireiškimų, Sri Aurobindo formuluoja ateities poezijos ir meno sampratą, kuri remiasi visų magiškosios būties lygmenų harmonizavimu bei perkeitimu. Kritikai permąstęs tiek Vakarų, tiek Rytų kultūrinio paveldo pasiekimus, jis postuluoja meninio akto kaip transcendentalaus veiksmo galimybę keisti pačią būtį, veikiant integruojančiai Antsąmonės jėgai. Šio straipsnio tikslas - apibūdinti svarbiausius Sri Aurobindo estetinės koncepcijos novatorikumo bruožus, aptarti pagrindines jos kategorijas ir reikšmę sąmonės požiūriu pasitelkus hermeneutinį bei istorinį lyginamąjį metodus.
Taiwan: from Self-Determination to Negotiating Identities?
Authors: Sondaitė-Van Soest Rima
Published: June 2020

This paper sets out to explore how the alternative conceptualizations of national identity influence the interpretation of the national self-determination principle in Taiwan. It will be argued that major disagreements about the application of the self-determination principle to Taiwan reflect the political priorities of different ethnic groups. An analysis of the political importance of historical imaginations is performed to demonstrate the ways the visions of the nation are endorsed and contested. It is concluded that the overlapping nationalities (Chinese and Taiwanese) and the lack of consensus in Taiwan inhibit the principle of the self-determination being put into political practice.
Laozi ir Zhuangzi idėjų transformacija wenrenhua - menininkų intelektualų estetikoje
Authors: Diemantaitė Ieva
Published: June 2020

Šiame straipsnyje tyrinėjama klasikinio daoizmo pagrindėjų - Laozi ir Zhuangzi - idėjų transformacija įtakingoje Kinijos menininkų intelektualų (wenrenhua) estetikoje. Darbas pagrįstas autentiškais šaltiniais (klasikinio daoizmo tekstais - “Laozi”, “Zhuangzi” bei tapybos teorijos ir estetikos veikalais - Gu Kaizhi “Lun hua”(“Apie tapybą”), “Hua Yuntaishan ji” (“Užrašai apie tai, kaip tapyti Debesų terasos kalną”), Zong Bingo “Hua shanshui xu” (“Įvadas į peizažinę tapybą”), Wang Wei (415-145) “Xu hua” (“Įvadas į tapybą”), Xie He “Guhua pinlu” (“Senosios tapybos principai”), Wang Wei (701-769) “Shanshui jue” (“Peizažinės tapybos paslaptys”), “Shanshui lun” (“Apie peizažinę tapybą”, Shi Tao “Kugua heshang hualu” (“Vienuolio, vardu Kartus Moliūgas, pasakojimai apie tapybą”), Su Shi, Mi Fu, Ni Zanio, Zhao Mengfu, Dong Qichango ir kt. traktatais. Remiantis daoistiniais filosofiniais-estetiniais principais (Dao, qi (gyvybinė energija), ziran (spontaniškumas, savaimingumas), pu (pirminis paprastumas), xu (tuštumas) ir kt.) bei pamatinėmis menininkų intelektualų estetikos kategorijomis (shen (dvasia), yi (idėja-mintis), qi (gyvybinė energija), ziran (spontaniškumas, savaimingumas), pu (pirminis paprastumas), sheng (gyvybė, gyvybingumas) bei jų deriniais - zhuan shen, shenqi, shengqi ir kt.) atskleidiama, kaip Laozi ir Zhuangzi idėjos iš esmės nulėmė visą tolesnę wenrenhua estetikos sklaidą.