bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sinc-Windowing and Multiple Correlation Coefficients Improve SSVEP Recognition Based on Canonical Correlation Analysis
Authors: Mondini Valeria , Mangia Anna Lisa , Talevi Luca , Cappello Angelo
Published: April 2018

Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) is an increasingly used approach in the field of Steady-State Visually Evoked Potential (SSVEP) recognition. The efficacy of the method has been widely proven, and several variations have been proposed. However, most CCA variations tend to complicate the method, usually requiring additional user training or increasing computational load. Taking simple procedures and low computational costs may be, however, a relevant aspect, especially in view of low-cost and high-portability devices. In addition, it would be desirable that the proposed variations are as general and modular as possible to facilitate the translation of results to different algorithms and setups. In this work, we evaluated the impact of two simple, modular variations of the classical CCA method. The variations involved (i) the number of canonical correlations used for classification and (ii) the inclusion of a prefiltering step by means of sinc-windowing. We tested ten volunteers in a 4-class SSVEP setup. Both variations significantly improved classification accuracy when they were used separately or in conjunction and led to accuracy increments up to 7-8% on average and peak of 25–30%. Additionally, variations had no (variation (i)) or minimal (variation (ii)) impact on the number of algorithm steps required for each classification. Given the modular nature of the proposed variations and their positive impact on classification accuracy, they might be easily included in the design of CCA-based algorithms that are even different from ours.
Brain Midline Shift Measurement and Its Automation: A Review of Techniques and Algorithms
Authors: Liao Chun-Chih , Chen Ya-Fang , Xiao Furen
Published: April 2018

Midline shift (MLS) of the brain is an important feature that can be measured using various imaging modalities including X-ray, ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Shift of midline intracranial structures helps diagnosing intracranial lesions, especially traumatic brain injury, stroke, brain tumor, and abscess. Being a sign of increased intracranial pressure, MLS is also an indicator of reduced brain perfusion caused by an intracranial mass or mass effect. We review studies that used the MLS to predict outcomes of patients with intracranial mass. In some studies, the MLS was also correlated to clinical features. Automated MLS measurement algorithms have significant potentials for assisting human experts in evaluating brain images. In symmetry-based algorithms, the deformed midline is detected and its distance from the ideal midline taken as the MLS. In landmark-based ones, MLS was measured following identification of specific anatomical landmarks. To validate these algorithms, measurements using these algorithms were compared to MLS measurements made by human experts. In addition to measuring the MLS on a given imaging study, there were newer applications of MLS that included comparing multiple MLS measurement before and after treatment and developing additional features to indicate mass effect. Suggestions for future research are provided.
An Efficient Method for Detection of Outliers in Tracer Curves Derived from Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging
Authors: Ye Linning , Hou Zujun
Published: April 2018

Presence of outliers in tracer concentration-time curves derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging can adversely affect the analysis of the tracer curves by model-fitting. A computationally efficient method for detecting outliers in tracer concentration-time curves is presented in this study. The proposed method is based on a piecewise linear model and implemented using a robust clustering algorithm. The method is noniterative and all the parameters are automatically estimated. To compare the proposed method with existing Gaussian model based and robust regression-based methods, simulation studies were performed by simulating tracer concentration-time curves using the generalized Tofts model and kinetic parameters derived from different tissue types. Results show that the proposed method and the robust regression-based method achieve better detection performance than the Gaussian model based method. Compared with the robust regression-based method, the proposed method can achieve similar detection performance with much faster computation speed.
Critical Temperature for Ordered-Disordered Phase Transformation in Cu3Au under Pressure
Authors: Tam Pham Dinh , Tinh Bui Duc , Hoc Nguyen Quang , Tan Pham Duy
Published: April 2018

We use the statistical moment method to study the dependence of the critical temperature Tc for Cu3Au on pressure in the interval from 0 to 30 kbar. The calculated mean speed of changing critical temperature to pressure is 1.8 K/kbar. This result is in a good agreement with the experimental data.
Clocking In Time to Gate Memory Processes: The Circadian Clock Is Part of the Ins and Outs of Memory
Authors: Rawashdeh Oliver , Parsons Rex , Maronde Erik
Published: April 2018

Learning, memory consolidation, and retrieval are processes known to be modulated by the circadian (circa: about; dies: day) system. The circadian regulation of memory performance is evolutionarily conserved, independent of the type and complexity of the learning paradigm tested, and not specific to crepuscular, nocturnal, or diurnal organisms. In mammals, long-term memory (LTM) formation is tightly coupled to de novo gene expression of plasticity-related proteins and posttranslational modifications and relies on intact cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/protein kinase C (PKC)/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling. These memory-essential signaling components cycle rhythmically in the hippocampus across the day and night and are clearly molded by an intricate interplay between the circadian system and memory. Important components of the circadian timing mechanism and its plasticity are members of the Period clock gene family (Per1, Per2). Interestingly, Per1 is rhythmically expressed in mouse hippocampus. Observations suggest important and largely unexplored roles of the clock gene protein PER1 in synaptic plasticity and in the daytime-dependent modulation of learning and memory. Here, we review the latest findings on the role of the clock gene Period 1 (Per1) as a candidate molecular and mechanistic blueprint for gating the daytime dependency of memory processing.
Corrosion Risk of Reinforced Concrete Structure Arising from Internal and External Chloride
Authors: Kim M. J. , Ann K. Y.
Published: April 2018

The corrosion risk of internal chloride and external chloride from three different exposure conditions was evaluated. The initiation of corrosion was detected by monitoring the galvanic current between cathode metal and embedded steel. The chloride threshold was determined by measuring the corrosion rate of steel by the polarization technique for internal chloride and the chloride profiling test for external chloride. As the result, the initiation of corrosion was accelerated with a cyclic wet/dry condition, compared to the totally wet condition. In addition, it was found that an increase of the drying ratio in the exposure condition resulted in an increase of corrosion rate after initiation. The threshold level of external chloride ranged from 0.2 to 0.3% weight by cement and internal chloride shows higher range, equated to 1.59–3.10%. Based on these data, the chloride penetration with exposure condition was predicted to determine the service life of reinforced concrete structure.
Evaluation of Fracture Resistance of Asphalt Mixtures Using the Single‐Edge Notched Beams
Authors: Ding Biao , Zou Xiaolong , Peng Zixin , Liu Xiang
Published: April 2018

To determine and compare the fracture properties of different asphalt mixtures, single‐edge notched beam (SENB) tests using three types of asphalt mixtures were applied in this study under the conditions of different notched depths and different temperatures. The effects of notched depths and temperatures on the fracture toughness and fracture energy were analyzed. The results indicate that the notch depth has no significant effects on the fracture toughness and the fracture energy, but the gradation has relatively obvious effects on the fracture energy, which the larger contents of course aggregate leads to increase the discreteness of the fracture energy of the specimen. The temperature has significant effects on the ultimate loads, fracture energy, and fracture toughness. The ultimate loads of the SENBs reach the peak value at 0°C, which could be resulted in that viscoelastic properties of asphalt mixture depend with temperatures. The fracture toughness at −20°C of continuously graded asphalt mixtures are higher than those of gap‐graded asphalt mixtures. On the contrary, the fracture toughness of gap‐graded asphalt mixtures is higher at temperatures from −10°C to 20°C. The fracture energy increases with temperatures, and the fracture energy of SMA‐13 is significantly larger than those of AC‐13 and AC‐16.
Evaluation of How Integrative Oncology Services Are Valued between Hematology/Oncology Patients and Hematologists/Oncologists at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Hansra D. M. , McIntyre K. , Ramdial J. , Sacks S. , Patrick C. S. , Cutler J. , McIntyre B. , Feister K. , Miller M. , Taylor A. K. , Farooq F. , Mayolo J. Antunez de , Ahn E.
Published: April 2018

Evidence regarding opinions on integrative modalities by patients and physicians is lacking. Methods. A survey study was conducted assessing how integrative modalities were valued among hematology/oncology patients and hematologists and oncologists at a major tertiary medical center. Results. 1008 patients and 55 physicians were surveyed. With the exception of support groups, patients valued nutrition services, exercise therapy, spiritual/religious counseling, supplement/herbal advice, support groups, music therapy, and other complimentary medicine services significantly more than physicians (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion. With the exception of support groups, patients value integrative modalities more than physicians. Perhaps with increasing education, awareness, and acceptance by providers and traditional institutions, integrative modalities could be equally valued between patients and providers. It is possible that increased availability and utilization of integrative oncology modalities at tertiary hospital sites could improve patient satisfaction, quality of life, and other clinical endpoints.
Clinical Efficacy of Acupuncture on Rheumatoid Arthritis and Associated Mechanisms: A Systemic Review
Authors: Chou Pei-Chi , Chu Heng-Yi
Published: April 2018

Objective. The objective of this review is to investigate the detailed existing scientific information about the clinical efficacy of acupuncture on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) conditions and to reveal the proposed mechanisms. Methods. We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, AMED (Allied and Complementary Medicine), NCCAM (The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine), and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases to identify relevant monographs and related references from 1974 to 2018. Chinese journals and theses/dissertations were hand searched. Results. 43 studies were recruited. Each research was analyzed for study design, subject characteristics, intervention, selected acupoints, assessment parameters, proposed mechanisms, and results/conclusions. Conclusions. In our review, we concluded that acupuncture alone or combined with other treatment modalities is beneficial to the clinical conditions of RA without adverse effects reported and can improve function and quality of life and is worth trying. Several important possible mechanisms were summarized including anti‐inflammatory effect, antioxidative effect, and regulation of immune system function. However, there is still inconsistency regarding the clinical efficacy and lack of well‐designed human/animal double‐blinded RCTs. Future discussion for further agreement on taking traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory into consideration as much as possible is a top priority.
Antiarrhythmic Effects of Carvedilol and Flecainide in Cardiomyocytes Derived from Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia Patients
Authors: Pölönen R. P. , Penttinen K. , Swan H. , Aalto-Setälä K.
Published: April 2018

Mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RYR2) are the leading cause for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT). In this study, we evaluated antiarrhythmic efficacy of carvedilol and flecainide in CPVT patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs) carrying different mutations in RYR2. iPSC-CMs were generated from skin biopsies of CPVT patients carrying exon 3 deletion and L4115 or V4653F mutation in RYR2 and of a healthy individual. Ca2+ kinetics and drug effects were studied with Fluo-4 AM indicator. Carvedilol abolished Ca2+ abnormalities in 31% of L4115F, 36% of V4653F, and 46% of exon 3 deletion carrying CPVT cardiomyocytes and flecainide 33%, 30%, and 52%, respectively. Both drugs lowered the intracellular Ca2+ level and beating rate of the cardiomyocytes significantly. Moreover, flecainide caused abnormal Ca2+ transients in 61% of controls compared to 26% of those with carvedilol. Carvedilol and flecainide were equally effective in CPVT iPSC-CMs. However, flecainide induced arrhythmias in 61% of control cells. CPVT cardiomyocytes carrying the exon 3 deletion had the most severe Ca2+ abnormalities, but they had the best response to drug therapies. According to this study, the arrhythmia-abolishing effect of neither of the drugs is optimal. iPSC-CMs provide a unique platform for testing drugs for CPVT.
Radiation Effects of Mobile Phones and Tablets on the Skin: A Systematic Review
Authors: Keykhosravi A. , Neamatshahi M. , Mahmoodi R. , Navipour E.
Published: April 2018

Background. Skin health has become a worldwide concern. Most of the studies investigated the effect of mobile phone radiation on DNA and animals, but a few studies were carried out about skin diseases in mobile phone and tablet users. Few systematic studies have examined the relationship between mobile phone exposure and skin diseases. Methods. We evaluated the association between mobile phones and tablets and skin diseases. We checked databases including PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Cochrane, and Google Scholar from 1995 to 2013. The eligibility criteria were descriptive, and observational studies were in English and Persian language, and the subjects were of all ages and reported skin disease. Results. Most of the studies focused on signs and less on skin cancer. In total, 6 studies were included with 392119 participants with age over 25 years. In a nationwide cohort study in Denmark for BCC, the IRR (incidence rate ratios) estimates remained near unity among men and women. In the other studies, they reported an increase in temperature, hypersensitivity of warmth, facial dermatitis, angiosarcoma of the scalp, and burning sensations in the facial skin after mobile phone use on the exposed side and more within the auricle and behind/around the ear. Conclusions. Overall evaluations showed that the level of evidence associated with the effects of radiation from the mobile phone and tablet on the skin is poor. This review shows a necessity for more studies in this area.
Haloperidol Abrogates Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression by Inhibition of NF-κB Activation in Stimulated Human Monocytic Cells
Authors: Lee Yueh-Lun , Hsiao Che-Jen , Lin Fan-Li , Jan Jing-Shiun , Chou Yung-Chen , Lin Yen-Yu , Chen Chih-Kuang , Lam Kwok-Keung , Hsiao George
Published: April 2018

Much evidence has indicated that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) participate in the progression of neuroinflammatory disorders. The present study was undertaken to investigate the inhibitory effect and mechanism of the antipsychotic haloperidol on MMP activation in the stimulated THP-1 monocytic cells. Haloperidol exerted a strong inhibition on tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-)α-induced MMP-9 gelatinolysis of THP-1 cells. A concentration-dependent inhibitory effect of haloperidol was observed in TNF-α-induced protein and mRNA expression of MMP-9. On the other hand, haloperidol slightly affected cell viability and tissue inhibition of metalloproteinase-1 levels. It significantly inhibited the degradation of inhibitor-κB-α(IκBα) in activated cells. Moreover, it suppressed activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) detected by a mobility shift assay, NF-κB reporter gene, and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses. Consistent with NF-κB inhibition, haloperidol exerted a strong inhibition of lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced MMP-9 gelatinolysis but not of transforming growth factor-β1-induced MMP-2. Inin vivostudies, administration of haloperidol significantly attenuated LPS-induced intracerebral MMP-9 activation of the brain homogenate and the in situ in C57BL/6 mice. In conclusion, the selective anti-MMP-9 activation of haloperidol could possibly involve the inhibition of the NF-κB signal pathway. Hence, it was found that haloperidol treatment may represent a bystander of anti-MMP actions for its conventional psychotherapy.
BRAF and MEK Inhibitors Increase PD-1-Positive Melanoma Cells Leading to a Potential Lymphocyte-Independent Synergism with Anti–PD-1 Antibody
Authors: Sanlorenzo Martina , Vujic Igor , Floris Arianna , Novelli Mauro , Gammaitoni Loretta , Giraudo Lidia , Macagno Marco , Leuci Valeria , Rotolo Ramona , Donini Chiara , Basiricò Marco , Quaglino Pietro , Fierro Maria Teresa , Giordano Silvia , Sibilia Maria , Carnevale-Schianca Fabrizio , Aglietta Massimo , Sangiolo Dario
Published: April 2018

Purpose: BRAF and MEK inhibitors (BRAF/MEKi) favor melanoma-infiltrating lymphocytes, providing the rationale for current combinatorial trials with anti–PD-1 antibody. A portion of melanoma cells may express PD-1, and anti–PD-1 antibody could have a direct antitumor effect. Here, we explore whether BRAF/MEKi modulate rates of PD-1+ melanoma cells, supporting an additional—lymphocyte-independent—basis for their therapeutic combination with anti–PD-1 antibody.

Experimental Design: With data mining and flow cytometry, we assessed PD-1, PD-L1/2 expression on melanoma cell lines (CCLE, N = 61; validation cell lines, N = 7) and melanoma tumors (TCGA, N = 214). We explored in vitro how BRAF/MEKi affect rates of PD-1+, PD-L1/2+ melanoma cells, and characterized the proliferative and putative stemness features of PD-1+ melanoma cells. We tested the functional lymphocyte-independent effect of anti–PD-1 antibody alone and in combination with BRAF/MEKi in vitro and in an in vivo immunodeficient murine model.

Results: PD-1 is consistently expressed on a small subset of melanoma cells, but PD-1+ cells increase to relevant rates during BRAF/MEKi treatment [7.3% (5.6–14.2) vs. 1.5% (0.7–3.2), P = 0.0156; N = 7], together with PD-L2+ melanoma cells [8.5% (0.0–63.0) vs. 1.5% (0.2–43.3), P = 0.0312; N = 7]. PD-1+ cells proliferate less than PD-1− cells (avg. 65% less; t = 7 days) and are preferentially endowed with stemness features. In vivo, the direct anti-melanoma activity of PD-1 blockage as monotherapy was negligible, but its association with BRAF/MEKi significantly delayed the development of drug resistance and tumor relapse.

Conclusions: BRAF/MEKi increase the rates of PD-1+ melanoma cells that may sustain tumor relapse, providing a lymphocyte-independent rationale to explore combinatory strategies with anti–PD-1 antibody. Clin Cancer Res; 24(14); 3377–85. ©2018 AACR.
Fallacies and Pitfalls of Dialysis Sodium Prescription and Control
Authors: Stragier André , Lopot František , Švára František , Polakovič Vladimír
Published: April 2018

Dialysate conductivity is routinely used as a surrogate for dialysate sodium concentration. However, dialysis machine manufacturers apply different conductivity temperature correction coefficients. With the same conductivity in dialysis machines manufactured by different manufacturers, dialysate sodium may significantly differ. Also, electrolyte prescriptions are individualized (K, Ca, HCO3) and this is associated with another variation in dialysate sodium in the order of 1–5 mmol/L and both deviations are cumulative and chronic for each patient. Equivalence of the prescribed dialysate sodium and the concentration measured in it is not granted. Both variables differ and it is machine dependent! This paper analyses those variations from a technical point of view and suggests how to detect them and how to deal with or avoid them in clinical practice.
Long-Term Effects of Middle Ear Tendon Resection on Middle Ear Myoclonic Tinnitus, Hearing, and Hyperacusis
Authors: Kim Dong-Kee , Park Jung Mee  , Han Jung Ju , Chung Yun Min , Kim Jung Min , Park So Young , Park Shi Nae
Published: April 2018

Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of middle ear tendon resection (METR) on middle ear myoclonic tinnitus (MEMT) and to investigate its long-term effects on hearing and hyperacusis. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven patients with MEMT with a mean age of 33.2 ± 11.8 years were included in this study. METR was performed on all 37 MEMT patients (41 ears) between November 2004 and August 2016. The mean follow-up period was 16.1 months. We examined changes in tinnitus and accompanying stress and depression in patients after surgery, and examined the hearing changes and the occurrence of complications including hyperacusis. Results: After surgery, 34 (91.9%) patients exhibited complete resolution of MEMT during their follow-up period, and 3 patients showed a partial response. The mean Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for tinnitus severity, the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), and stress index decreased significantly after surgery (p < 0.05, paired t test). No patient developed hearing loss or hyperacusis following surgery. Preexisting hyperacusis even improved in most of the patients with intractable MEMT after surgery. Recurrence of the symptom occurred in only 1 patient, who underwent revision surgery with improvement. We observed 1 case of postoperative delayed facial palsy with complete recovery in 2 weeks. Conclusions: METR seems to be an effective and safe treatment option for intractable MEMT, considering its high control rate of tinnitus and no long-term harmful effects on hearing and hyperacusis.
The Long-Term Impact of High Levels of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in Energy Balance Among Obese Adolescents
Authors: Kravchychyn Ana Claudia Pelissari , Campos Raquel Munhoz da Silveira , Corgosinho Flávia Campos , Masquio Deborah Cristina Landi , Vicente Sofia Emanuelle de Castro Ferreira , Ferreira Yasmin Alaby Martins , Silva Patrícia Leão , Ganen Aline de Piano , Oyama Lila Missae , Tock Lian , de Mello Marco Túlio , Tufik Sérgio , Dâmaso Ana Raimunda
Published: April 2018

Background: Deregulation of orexigenic and anorexigenic pathways occurs among adolescents with obesity. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a key catabolic mediator of energy homeostasis and an important anorexigenic neuropeptide in the control of energy balance and thermogenesis. However, it was not well explored if α-MSH can modulate long-term weight loss therapy responses in a dependent manner according to its concentration. Our hypothesis is that a high α-MSH concentration at baseline promotes better modulation of anorexigenic/orexigenic pathways in obese adolescents. Methods: One hundred ten post-pubertal obese adolescents (body mass index >95th percentile) were submitted to 1 year of interdisciplinary therapy (clinical, nutritional, psychological, physical exercise, and physiotherapy support). Body composition and plasma levels of α-MSH, neuropeptide Y (NPY), melanin-concentrating hormone, and agouti-related peptide (AgRP) were measured before and after therapy. The volunteers were grouped on the basis of Tertiles of α-MSH concentration: Low (<0.75 ng/mL), Medium (≤0.76 to ≥1.57 ng/mL), and High (>1.57 ng/mL). Significance was set as p < 0.05. Results: The treatment promoted a significant improvement in body adiposity and fat free mass for all groups. It is important to note that only in the high α-MSH group, a significant increase of the α-MSH/NPY ratio and decrease NPY/AgRP ratio post treatment were observed. Conclusion: The high α-MSH concentration promotes better modulation of anorexigenic/orexigenic pathways in obese adolescents following long-term weight loss therapy and this is important in clinical practice.
Body Mass Index and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children and Adolescents with High Birth Weight
Authors: Ledo Daniel L. , Suano-Souza Fabíola Isabel , Franco Maria do Carmo P. , Strufaldi Maria Wany L.
Published: April 2018

Background/Aims: This study aimed to identify a possible association among high birth weight with overweight/obesity, high arterial blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in children and adolescents. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with 719 children and adolescents (6–12 years) stratified according to birth weight (low birth weight [LBW] <2,500 g, adequate birth weight [ABW] 2,500–3,999 g, and high birth weight [HBW] ≥4,000 g). Data collected were anthropometric data, arterial blood pressure levels, lipid profile, and insulin resistance (fasting glucose and insulin, used to calculate homeostatic model assessment-IR). Results: The mean age of schoolchildren was 9.5 ± 2.0 years and 371 (51.6%) were male. LBW and HBW were observed in 79 of 719 (10.9%) and 40 of 719 (55.6%) children/adolescents, respectively. There was no increased risk of overweight (OR 0.9; 95% CI 0.4–2.1; p = 0.964) and obesity (OR 1.4; 95% CI 0.6–3.5; p = 0.588) in HBW group compared to LBW and ABW groups. HBW was not associated with high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. The LBW group was independently associated with higher values of systolic (OR 1.07; 95% CI 1.05–1.10; p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.00–1.07; p = 0.044). Conclusion: There was no association between HBW with overweight/obesity and classic cardiovascular risk factors in this group of children/adolescents. Only LBW was related to higher blood pressure levels.
ESTUDO DE INFRAESTRUTURA VERDE NA BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO CÓRREGO MONJOLINHO, SÃO CARLOS, SP
Authors: Lima Maria Cecilia Pedro Bom de , Schenk Luciana Bongiovanni Martins
Published: April 2018

Este artigo apresenta um estudo sobre a relação entre rios e cidades, procurando identificar lógicas e agentes envolvidos e as repercussões no cotidiano de São Carlos, cidade de médio porte localizada no interior do estado de São Paulo. Norteado pela ideia de bacia hidrográfica como unidade territorial e de projeto, este estudo busca explorar possibilidades do estabelecimento de infraestrutura verde na sub-bacia hidrográfica do Córrego Monjolinho, a partir do contexto dessa rede hídrica. A perspectiva enfatiza a relação entre infraestrutura verde e a promoção de sociabilidades em um Sistema de Espaços Livres: um potencial diálogo entre processos naturais e processos urbanos. O desenvolvimento do artigo segue 4 partes: a primeira trata do histórico de ocupação urbana da sub-bacia estudada, identificando valores que orientaram o processo de construção da forma urbana e da relação entre seus cursos d’água e a cidade; a segunda parte discorre sobre o momento em que se iniciou a inserção de questões socioambientais no planejamento da referida cidade na década de 2000, indicando lógicas de produção da cidade que divergiram do quadro predominante; a terceira parte promove uma leitura acerca das potencialidades de instalação de infraestrutura verde, procurando avaliar diferentes qualidades espaciais; a quarta parte apresenta as considerações finais sobre o tema abordado.
MicroRNA-Mediated Therapy Modulating Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption Improves Vascular Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Toyama Kensuke , Spin Joshua M. , Deng Alicia C. , Huang Ting-Ting , Wei Ke , Wagenhäuser Markus U. , Yoshino Takuya , Nguyen Huy , Mulorz Joscha , Kundu Soumajit , Raaz Uwe , Adam Matti , Schellinger Isabel N. , Jagger Ann , Tsao Philip S.
Published: April 2018

Objective—

There are currently no effective treatments for the prevention of dementia associated with vascular cognitive impairment. MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and play key roles in vascular disorders. TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-α) regulates blood–brain barrier breakdown through modification of cerebral tight junctions. Here, we sought key TNFα-responsive microRNAs that might influence blood–brain barrier breakdown via cerebral tight junction disruption in vascular cognitive impairment.

Approach and Results—

Using a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion within the white matter was induced with bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) surgery. TNFα gene expression was increased in white matter post-BCAS surgery, and TNFα stimulation decreased claudin-5, ZO-1 (tight-junction protein 1), and occludin gene expression in murine brain endothelial cells. In silico analysis predicted 8 candidate microRNAs as regulators of claudin-5, ZO-1, and occludin gene expression. Of these, only miR-501-3p was upregulated by TNFα in vitro and was upregulated in the white matter after BCAS surgery. Further, miR-501-3p directly bound to the 3′-untranslated region of human ZO-1 and downregulated transendothelial electric resistance. In vivo administration of a locked nucleic acid –modified antisense oligonucleotide versus miR-501-3p suppressed BCAS-induced reduction of ZO-1 gene expression and blood–brain barrier disruption within the white matter and significantly ameliorated working memory deficits after BCAS surgery.

Conclusions—

We here provide the first evidence that the TNFα–miR-501-3p–ZO-1 axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral hypoperfusion–induced working memory deficits and white matter lesions, as a result of blood–brain barrier breakdown via tight junction disruption. Therapeutic manipulation of miR-501-3p holds promise for limiting vascular cognitive impairment progression.
High-Mobility Group Box 1 From Hypoxic Trophoblasts Promotes Endothelial Microparticle Production and Thrombophilia in Preeclampsia
Authors: Hu Yae , Yan Ruhong , Zhang Ce , Zhou Zhichao , Liu Meng , Wang Can , Zhang Hong , Dong Liang , Zhou Tiantian , Wu Yi , Dong Ningzheng , Wu Qingyu
Published: April 2018

Objective—

Thrombophilia is a major complication in preeclampsia, a disease associated with placental hypoxia and trophoblast inflammation. Preeclampsia women are known to have increased circulating microparticles that are procoagulant, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we sought to understand the mechanism connecting placental hypoxia, circulating microparticles, and thrombophilia.

Approach and Results—

We analyzed protein markers on plasma microparticles from preeclampsia women and found that the increased circulating microparticles were mostly from endothelial cells. In proteomic studies, we identified HMGB1 (high-mobility group box 1), a proinflammatory protein, as a key factor from hypoxic trophoblasts in stimulating microparticle production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Immunodepletion or inhibition of HMGB1 in the conditioned medium from hypoxic human trophoblasts abolished the endothelial microparticle-stimulating activity. Conversely, recombinant HMGB1 stimulated microparticle production in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The microparticles from recombinant HMGB1–stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells promoted blood coagulation and neutrophil activation in vitro. Injection of recombinant HMGB1 in pregnant mice increased plasma endothelial microparticles and promoted blood coagulation. In preeclampsia women, elevated placental HMGB1 expression was detected and high levels of plasma HMGB1 correlated with increased plasma endothelial microparticles.

Conclusions—

Our results indicate that placental hypoxia-induced HMGB1 expression and release from trophoblasts are important mechanism underlying increased circulating endothelial microparticles and thrombophilia in preeclampsia.
Evaluation and Management of Right-Sided Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Konstam Marvin A. , Kiernan Michael S. , Bernstein Daniel , Bozkurt Biykem , Jacob Miriam , Kapur Navin K. , Kociol Robb D. , Lewis Eldrin F. , Mehra Mandeep R. , Pagani Francis D. , Raval Amish N. , Ward Carey
Published: April 2018

Background and Purpose:

The diverse causes of right-sided heart failure (RHF) include, among others, primary cardiomyopathies with right ventricular (RV) involvement, RV ischemia and infarction, volume loading caused by cardiac lesions associated with congenital heart disease and valvular pathologies, and pressure loading resulting from pulmonic stenosis or pulmonary hypertension from a variety of causes, including left-sided heart disease. Progressive RV dysfunction in these disease states is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this scientific statement is to provide guidance on the assessment and management of RHF.

Methods:

The writing group used systematic literature reviews, published translational and clinical studies, clinical practice guidelines, and expert opinion/statements to summarize existing evidence and to identify areas of inadequacy requiring future research. The panel reviewed the most relevant adult medical literature excluding routine laboratory tests using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science through September 2017. The document is organized and classified according to the American Heart Association to provide specific suggestions, considerations, or reference to contemporary clinical practice recommendations.

Results:

Chronic RHF is associated with decreased exercise tolerance, poor functional capacity, decreased cardiac output and progressive end-organ damage (caused by a combination of end-organ venous congestion and underperfusion), and cachexia resulting from poor absorption of nutrients, as well as a systemic proinflammatory state. It is the principal cause of death in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Similarly, acute RHF is associated with hemodynamic instability and is the primary cause of death in patients presenting with massive pulmonary embolism, RV myocardial infarction, and postcardiotomy shock associated with cardiac surgery. Functional assessment of the right side of the heart can be hindered by its complex geometry. Multiple hemodynamic and biochemical markers are associated with worsening RHF and can serve to guide clinical assessment and therapeutic decision making. Pharmacological and mechanical interventions targeting isolated acute and chronic RHF have not been well investigated. Specific therapies promoting stabilization and recovery of RV function are lacking.

Conclusions:

RHF is a complex syndrome including diverse causes, pathways, and pathological processes. In this scientific statement, we review the causes and epidemiology of RV dysfunction and the pathophysiology of acute and chronic RHF and provide guidance for the management of the associated conditions leading to and caused by RHF.
Machine Learning Methods Improve Prognostication, Identify Clinically Distinct Phenotypes, and Detect Heterogeneity in Response to Therapy in a Large Cohort of Heart Failure Patients
Authors: Ahmad Tariq , Lund Lars H. , Rao Pooja , Ghosh Rohit , Warier Prashant , Vaccaro Benjamin , Dahlström Ulf , O'Connor Christopher M. , Felker G. Michael , Desai Nihar R.
Published: April 2018

Background

Whereas heart failure (
HF
) is a complex clinical syndrome, conventional approaches to its management have treated it as a singular disease, leading to inadequate patient care and inefficient clinical trials. We hypothesized that applying advanced analytics to a large cohort of
HF
patients would improve prognostication of outcomes, identify distinct patient phenotypes, and detect heterogeneity in treatment response.

Methods and Results

The Swedish Heart Failure Registry is a nationwide registry collecting detailed demographic, clinical, laboratory, and medication data and linked to databases with outcome information. We applied random forest modeling to identify predictors of 1‐year survival. Cluster analysis was performed and validated using serial bootstrapping. Association between clusters and survival was assessed with Cox proportional hazards modeling and interaction testing was performed to assess for heterogeneity in response to
HF
pharmacotherapy across propensity‐matched clusters. Our study included 44 886
HF
patients enrolled in the Swedish Heart Failure Registry between 2000 and 2012. Random forest modeling demonstrated excellent calibration and discrimination for survival (C‐statistic=0.83) whereas left ventricular ejection fraction did not (C‐statistic=0.52): there were no meaningful differences per strata of left ventricular ejection fraction (1‐year survival: 80%, 81%, 83%, and 84%). Cluster analysis using the 8 highest predictive variables identified 4 clinically relevant subgroups of
HF
with marked differences in 1‐year survival. There were significant interactions between propensity‐matched clusters (across age, sex, and left ventricular ejection fraction and the following medications: diuretics, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, β‐blockers, and nitrates,
P
<0.001, all).

Conclusions

Machine learning algorithms accurately predicted outcomes in a large data set of
HF
patients. Cluster analysis identified 4 distinct phenotypes that differed significantly in outcomes and in response to therapeutics. Use of these novel analytic approaches has the potential to enhance effectiveness of current therapies and transform future
HF
clinical trials.
American Heart Association's Life Simple 7 and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation in a Population Without Known Cardiovascular Disease: The ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) Study
Authors: Garg Parveen K. , O'Neal Wesley T. , Chen Lin Y. , Loehr Laura R. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Alonso Alvaro
Published: April 2018

Background

The American Heart Association has defined metrics of ideal cardiovascular health known as Life's Simple 7 (
LS
7) to prevent cardiovascular disease. We examined the association between
LS
7 and incident atrial fibrillation (
AF
) in a biracial cohort of middle‐ and older‐aged adults without known cardiovascular disease.

Methods and Results

This analysis included 13 182 ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study participants (mean baseline age=54±5.7 years; 56% women; 25% black) free of
AF
and cardiovascular disease. An overall
LS
7 score was calculated as the sum of the
LS
7 component scores and classified as inadequate (0‐4), average (5‐9), or optimal (10‐14) cardiovascular health. The primary outcome was incident
AF
, identified primarily by ECG and hospital discharge coding of
AF
through December 31, 2014. A total of 2266 (17%) incident
AF
cases were detected over a median follow‐up of 25.1 years. Compared with the inadequate category (n=1057), participants in the average (n=8629) and optimal (n=3496) categories each had a lower risk of developing
AF
in a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model (hazard ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval 0.51, 0.67 for average; and hazard ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.32, 0.44 for optimal). In a similar model, a 1‐point‐higher
LS
7 score was associated with a 12% lower risk of incident
AF
(hazard ratio 0.88, 95% confidence interval 0.86, 0.89).

Conclusions

A higher
LS
7 score is strongly associated with a lower risk of
AF
in individuals without baseline cardiovascular disease. Determining whether interventions that improve the population's cardiovascular health also reduce
AF
incidence is needed.
CİNSİYET FARKLILIĞININ KADIN ÇALIŞANLARIN KARİYER PLANLARINA VE KARİYER HEDEFLERİNE ETKİLERİ: HAVAYOLU ŞİRKETLERİNDE ÇALIŞAN KABİN MEMURLARI ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: YENİHAN Bora , BALCI Bayram , VARDAR Çağla
Published: April 2018

Kadın çalışanların işgücü
piyasalarında kariyer planları ve kariyer hedefleri açısından erkek
çalışanlarla eşit şekilde yer alabilmeleri gerekmektedir. Ancak toplumsal
cinsiyetin dayattığı roller ve iş bölümü kendisini zaman zaman kadınların
kariyer planlarında ve hedeflerinde göstermektedir. Bu çalışma da THY’de
çalışan kadın kabin memurlarının kariyer planları ve kariyer hedefleri erkek
kabin memurları ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiş ve kadın kabin
memurlarının cinsiyetlerinin kariyer planlarına ve kariyer hedeflerine olan
etkilerine yönelik sonuçlara varılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada yarı
yapılandırılmış mülakat tekniği kullanılmış ve katılımcılara açık uçlu sorular
yöneltilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile incelenmiş ve çeşitli
sorun alanlarına ulaşılmıştır. Bu sorun alanları: “Erkek kabin memurları bu işi
bir basamak olarak görmekteyken, kadın kabin memurlarının kariyerlerinin sonu
olarak görmesi”, “Erkek kabin memurlarının bu işi farklı kültürleri tanımak
için bir fırsat olarak görmesi, kadın kabin memurlarının çalışma yaşamında en
çok maddi getiriyi bu işten elde edebileceğini düşünmesi”, “Erkek kabin
memurları fiziksel yorgunluktan etkilenirken, kadın kabin memurlarının aile
yaşamlarının olumsuz etkilenmesi” şeklindedir. Sorun alanlarının incelenerek
literatür ile desteklenmesi ile birlikte kadın kabin memurlarının toplumsal
cinsiyet baskısı ile yaptıkları işi kariyerlerinin sonu olarak gördüğü veya
kariyerlerine yine hizmetler sektöründe devam etmek istedikleri sonucu ortaya
konmuştur.
Reformation and Secularity
Authors: Goroncy Jason
Published: April 2018

Among a growing body of recent scholarship that has shown interest in the geneses, definitions, and assessments of secularism is Brad Gregory’s book The Unintended Reformation. This essay begins with a brief assessment of Gregory’s thesis. By way of response, it then offers four reflections on what are live challenges for those Christian communities committed to a refusal to withdraw from sharing and creating common life with others, and for whom the various reformations of the sixteenth century remain critical for the formation of their identities. The reflections concern (1) the character and conditions of belief; (2) the existence of the church in late Christendom; (3) the church’s worldliness; and (4) the character of faithful public life. Each of these themes has pressing implications for the ongoing life of the reformed project.
A synopsis of the neotropical genus Schnella (Cercideae: Caesalpinioideae: Leguminosae) including 12 new combinations
Authors: Trethowan Liam , Clark Ruth , Mackinder Barbara
Published: April 2018

The genus Bauhinia sens. lat. formerly accommodated numerous species that have now been transferred to one of several segregate genera. One of those genera, Schnella, includes all neotropical liana species with tendrils. This study comprises a summary of the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of Schnella, and presents a list of names accepted under Schnella, including 12 new combinations. We recognise here a total of 53 taxa including 47 species. Distribution details for each taxon are given, illustrated with a map showing numbers of taxa within the TDWG regions of the neotropics. Within Schnella, there exist two morphologically and palynologically distinguishable groups of species. Further work, including a molecular-based study, will be needed to discover whether those two species groups are congeneric.
Quercus lineata (Fagaceae): new distribution records from China and Vietnam and its leaf anatomical features
Authors: LI QIANSHENG , ZHANG JIE , COOMBES ALLEN
Published: April 2018

Quercus lineata is native to Malaysia and Indonesia. During our studies on herbarium collections and field collections, two new distribution records of Q. lineata were found in Hainan island, South China and Central Vietnam. All the key diagnostic features of the specimens from China and Vietnam were consistent with the specimens collected from Malaysia. The leaf anatomical features of the populations of different regions were compared. We also addressed the conservation status and biogeographic implications of the distribution of Q. lineata.
A new species, Synura morusimila sp. nov. (Chrysophyta), from Great Xing’an Mountains, China
Authors: PANG WANTING , WANG QUANXI
Published: April 2018

A new species Synura morusimila sp. nov. was described from Great Xing’an Mountains, China. The colonies, scales and stomatocysts were observed using light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. This Synura has two scale types on the same cell: spineless caudal scales and spine-bearing body scales. The caudal scales are ovate to obovate with small pores in the back of the scale. The body scales are characterized by cylindrical spine and the irregular reticulum on the base of the spine. The colony is large and oblong in shape with stomatocysts in it. The stomatocyst of Synura morusimila was named Stomatocyst 55, which is also new to science.
Two new species of Comesomatidae (Nematoda) from the East China Sea
Authors: HUANG MIAN , HUANG YONG
Published: April 2018

Two new free-living marine nematode species of the genus Paracomesoma and genus Metacomesoma belonging to family Comesomatidae are described from the sublittoral sediment of the East China Sea. Paracomesoma zhangi sp. nov. is characterized by cuticle with fine transverse rows of dots, without lateral differentiation; buccal cavity with three small teeth; cephalic setae 13.5 μm long; multispiral amphideal fovea with three turns; spicules slender and elongated with thick cuticularized proximal end; gubernaculum plate-like without apophysis; 26 minute precloacal supplements. Metacomesoma macramphida sp. nov. is characterized by very small buccal cavity without teeth; inner and outer labial sensilla papilliform; four cephalic setae 1.5 μm long; multispiral amphideal fovea large, with 4.5 turns; spicules slender and elongated, with cephalated proximal end and finger-shaped distal end; gubernaculum plate-like, without apophysis; precloacal supplements absent. An updated dichotomous key for the identification of the males of the species of Paracomesoma is provided.
Tales of Darkness and Light
Authors: Tham Soso
Published: April 2018

Soso Tham (1873–1940), the acknowledged poet laureate of the Khasis of northeastern India, was one of the first writers to give written poetic form to the rich oral tradition of his people.

Poet of landscape, myth and memory, Soso Tham paid rich and poignant tribute to his tribe in his masterpiece The Old Days of the Khasis. Janet Hujon’s vibrant new translation presents the English reader with Tham’s long poem, which keeps a rich cultural tradition of the Khasi people alive through its retelling of old narratives and acts as a cultural signpost for their literary identity.

This book is essential reading for anyone with an interest in Indian literature and culture and in the interplay between oral traditions and written literary forms.

This edition includes:

• Original text • English translation

• Critical apparatus • Embedded audio recordings of the original text
8. U Rngiew – The Dark One
Authors: Tham Soso
Published: April 2018

Scenes from myth along with multiple images of terror and menace are used to describe how the twisted nature of evil wreaks moral havoc. Here is a place that is dark and forbidding where the deadening sense of miasmic heat and torpor is inescapable. Images of sick elephants tottering helplessly into murky swamps and serpents coiling around every tree add to the atmosphere of malaise and lurking treachery. All the nightmares peopling the Khasi imagination are given free rein like the pursuing ‘hounds released by their Mother Fear’. The ruling deity and embodiment of all evil is The Dark One - U Rngiew - shape-shifter par excellence possessing the ability to lure and entrap.