bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Hypoxia on the Catecholamine Content of Human Fetal Abdominal Paraganglia and Adrenal Medulla
Authors: Hervonen Antti , Korkala Olli
Published: December 2009

The responses of human fetal catecholamine storing tissues, the paraganglia and adrenal medulla to severe oxygen deficiency were tested by using perfusion techniques. The changes in catecholamine content of the target organs were registered by demonstrating the formaldehyde induced fluorescence exhibited by catecholamines. A definite decrease in the intensity of the catecholamine specific fluorescence was observed regularly in the paraganglia after 10–15 min hypoxia. Only very slight changes occurred occasionally in the corresponding adrenal medullae. The role of the target organs and the catecholamine release during oxygen deficiency are discussed.
Chromosome Pattern in a Patient with Cervical Carcinoma in situ and Atypical Hyperplasia of the Endometrium
Authors: Granberg Ingrid , Traneus Anders , Silfverswärd Claes
Published: December 2009

This report concerns a patient with preinvasive cervical carcinoma and atypical hyperplasia in the endometrium. Separate chromosome analyses were performed on foci of moderate dysplasia and carcinoma in situ in a cone biopsy, and on material obtained from two curettage specimens. The chromosome picture in the two cervical areas differed and indicated a clonal evolution. The two curettage specimens were at variance with the cervical epithelium. The cytogenetic difference between squamous and columnar dysplasia is discussed in relation to the possible pathway of development of malignancy.
The Premenstrual Syndrome: Clinical Trials of Treatment with a Progestogen Combined with a Diuretic Compared with Both a Progestogen Alone and with a Placebo
Authors: Jordheim Odd
Published: December 2009

Two series of clinical trials in the treatment of premenstrual tension are reported. In the first series, 35 patients whose ages ranged from 21 to 40 participated, representing a total number of 140 menstrual cycles. The effect of a progestogen‐diuretic preparation was compared with the effect of progestogen only. A good or very good effect was found in 26 and 17% of the cycles respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. In the second series 21 student nurses participated representing a total number of 84 menstrual cycles. In this group the effect of the combined preparation was compared with the effect of a placebo in a double blind series. The result was surprising, revealing no difference in effect in the two groups. Neither of the trials gave encouraging results. Other investigators have obtained far better results especially with preparations containing a tranquillizer in addition to progestogen‐diuretics. A psychological factor is apparently predominant in many of these patients.
Endodermal Sinus Tumour
Authors: Rask Birgitte Elisabeth
Published: December 2009

A 32‐year‐old woman, who attended regularly for follow‐up because of a carcinoma in situ of the cervix uteri, developed symptoms of a rapidly progressing malignant process in the pelvis over a period of a few months. At operation large masses of tumour were found in both ovaries as well as diffuse metastases throughout the whole abdomen, and bilateral pleurae effusions. Histological examination showed endodermal sinus tumour of characteristic structure. In spite of postoperative cytostatic therapy, death occurred less than 9 months after the first symptoms. The theories about the origin of the tumour from germinal tissue are mentioned in the discussion. In 1939 Schiller (5) described a new type of malignant ovarian tumour for the first time. Because of its characteristic morphological structure, he presumed that it developed from mesonephric remnants. Later studies seem to show, however, that these tumours originate from extra‐embryonic, endomesodermal tissue. Since there is doubt about the origin of these tumours, and since they are also uncommon, we feel justified in publishing the following case history.
Potential Diabetes in Women with Large Babies: A Follow‐up Study
Authors: Lunell Nils‐Olov , Persson Bengt
Published: December 2009

This investigation is a follow‐up of a previous study in which intravenous glucose tolerance tests (IVGTT) had been performed in women with complicated pregnancies. The series included 129 women with infants weighing 4.5 kg or more (LB) and a control group of 82 women with normal pregnancies and infants of normal weight (series I). In the present follow‐up (series II), 82 of the women with LB and 52 of the control women could be retested. The time lapse between the testings was 5–7 years. In the control series, there was a significant mean decrease in K‐values (K being the disappearance rate constant for intravenously injected glucose) from 2.22 ± 0.71 to 1.65 ±0.59 S.D. In the group of women with LB the mean K‐value decreased from 2.09 ± 0.77 to 1.35 ± 0.51 S.D. (p< 0.001). In the control group there were 7% and in the group of women with LB there were 24% who had K‐values below the normal lower limit of 1.0. In series I the corresponding figures were 0% and 10%. 18% of the women with LB were overweight themselves and had a significantly lower It‐value than the women with LB who were themselves of normal weight. The frequency of diabetes mellitus among first degree relatives of the mothers with LB was 28% and of the controls 2%. Between the two tests a further 2 women in this group had developed manifest diabetes compared to none in the control group.
Measurement of Flow Rate for the Study of Uterine Motility
Authors: Joelsson Ingemar , Odeblad Erik
Published: December 2009

A method for determining small rates and fluctuations of flow has been applied to the uterine secretions in non‐pregnant women, the secretions being labelled by added heat, 4·10−3 cal·sec−1. Base line secretory rates during consecutive phases of the menstrual cycle were determined but the main advantage of the technique is the unique possibility of studying fluctuations in the rate of flow as a measure of uterine motility, without interference from foreign bodies in the uterine cavity. The responses of the non‐pregnant human uterus in vivo to intravenously injected synthetic oxytocin and to the deposition of fluid in the posterior fornix are reported.
Sperm Penetration of Cervical Mucus as a Criterion of Male Fertility
Authors: Ulstein Magnar
Published: December 2009

Semen samples were examined from 51 fertile men, and from the male partners in 283 infertile marriages. In addition to routine analysis, they were tested for sperm penetration through ovulatory cervical mucus, using the method of Kremer with slight modifications. Comparison of the 2 groups in regard to semen properties showed statistically significant differences between the means for density, percentage of living, motile and abnormal spermatozoa, for motility degree, and for sperm penetration. No significant difference between the means was found for volume, content of fructose and acid phosphatase in the seminal plasma. In the entire series a moderate correlation was found between sperm penetration and percentage of motile spermatozoa, motility degree, density, percentage of living and percentage of abnormal spermatozoa. A low correlation was found between sperm penetration and volume, content of fructose or acid phosphatase in seminal plasma. The variance of sperm penetration due to regression of the other semen properties was only 43%. Sperm penetration had the highest discriminant function coefficient of the tested semen properties. Semen samples from fertile men had high penetration values although other semen properties were sometimes pathological. The sperm penetration test is a most valuable supplement to routine semen analysis for male fertility estimation.
The Effect of Oxygen Ventilation and A Vasodilator on Uterine Perfusion, Fetal Oxygen and Acid‐Base Balance
Authors: Tervilä Leo , Vartiainen Eero , Kivalo Inkeri , Finnilä Matts‐Johan , Väyrynen Martti
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The effect of oxygen and xantinol nicotinate (Complamin®) alone or in conjunction on uterine perfusion and the acid‐base balance and po2 of the fetal blood was studied in gravidae suffering from various diseases. The series consisted of 40 gravidae with hypertension and 32 suffering from other diseases. Oxygen ventilation had an unfavourable effect on uterine perfusion in the latter group, just as was found in normal gravidae in a previous study. A still greater depression of uterine perfusion was observed in the hypertensive patients. The fetal po2 rose slightly and the fetal pH fell during oxygen ventilation. Fetal BE and pco2 showed slight rises. Uterine perfusion was also slightly depressed by Complamin® addition. On the other hand no appreciable changes were noted in the fetal blood chemistry. Oxygen and Complamin® in conjunction caused a depression of perfusion similar to that observed with oxygen alone. The response of the fetal pH was significantly more favourable in the combined group than in the oxygen group, and po2 rose, just as in the oxygen group. The conclusion may be drawn that oxygen ventilation of the mother in the final stage of gestation has an unfavourable effect on the fetal acid‐base balance. It seems possible that this effect is to some extent counteracted by Complamin® administration in conjunction with oxygen ventilation.
133Xenon Clearance from the Human Non‐Pregnant Uterus
Authors: Forssman Lars
Published: December 2009

Abstract.A study of the clearance of133Xenon from the non‐pregnant human uterus is reported. The isotope was deposited in the uterus either by direct injection at a fixed depth from the endometrial surface in the uterine fundus or by injection into the uterine artery. With both types of injection multiexponential curves resulted. This is thought to reflect the existence within the uterus of compartments with different rates of perfusion. By conventional graphical separation of curve components two, sometimes three, components are identified. Their mean half‐times are after intraarterial injection in 15 cases 1.4 and 11.4 min respectively. After local injection in 10 cases 1.2 and 20 min respectively. A third very quick component was seen in carcinoma cases and was not calculated.
Stimulation of Ovulation with F‐6066 Cyclofenil: Bis‐(p‐Acetoxyphenyl)‐Cyclohexylidenemethane
Authors: Tojo Shimpei , Hayashi Kaname , Osawa Etsuji
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Using animal experiments, the authors studied the mode of action of F 6066 (Cyclofenil) which is one of the chemical inducers of ovulation, and reached the following conclusions. F 6066 has a dose‐dependent effect, enhancing the actions of gonadotropin in the ovary. The activity of steroidogenic enzymes, such as Δ5‐3β‐ol dehydrogenase, NAD‐, NADP‐diaphorase and glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, was activated directly by the administration of F 6066 in hypophysectomized experimental animals. Therefore, F 6066 not only showed a biological action on the hypothalamo‐pituitary system promoting gonadotropin release, but also a direct action on the ovary enhancing the response of the gonad to gonadotropins.
Twin Pregnancy: The Value of Prophylactic Rest in Bed and the Risk Involved
Authors: Laursen Bent
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A total of 315 twin pregnancies delivered during a 12‐year period are reviewed, first to assess the value of admitting the mother to hospital during the last few weeks of pregnancy, and secondly to analyse the perinatal mortality. Rest for the mother in hospital will prolong the pregnancy and increase the birth weight of the children significantly and will reduce the perinatal mortality. Some of the perinatal deaths occur in the neonatal period in a group of infants delivered before the end of the 35th week of gestation and, in almost all these cases, the cause of death is respiratory failure. If delivery takes place after the 35th week of gestation, perinatal death occurs mainly as intrauterine death. Possible causes and consequences are discussed.
Hidroadenoma of the Vulva
Authors: Nielsen Niels Chr
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The microscopic appearances of vulval hidroadenoma are described. Differential diagnostic problems are discussed, emphasizing in particular the possibility of confusing this tumour with epidermoid carcinoma. One such case is reported. It is stressed that hidroadenoma is a benign tumour to be treated by wide local excision, unlike the malignant tumours which require total vulvectomy with dissection of the lymph nodes.
Invasive Mole and Gestational Choriocarcinoma in Denmark, 1940‐1969
Authors: Mogensen Bent
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A survey has been made of all invasive moles and gestational choriocarcinomata registered during a 30‐year period in Denmark, a nation with a population of about 5 million (1971). All the diagnoses have been verified histologically by reappraisal. Based on clinical data the 2 groups of patients are described with reference to the following criteria: incidence and age; gravidity, parity, and latency; dissemination and course of disease; and treatment. Some case histories are reported which contrast with the view generally prevailing before the era of chemotherapy, viz. that choriocarcinoma was a highly malignant and rapidly progressive disease. All the 19 patients who had an invasive mole, including 5 with metastases, became free from symptoms, and transition from this lesion to choriocarcinoma did not occur in any of these cases. Among the 50 choriocarcinoma patients the over‐all mortality was 64%; 18 patients (36%) —10 of them with metastases—recovered. A decreasing mortality was observed during the period under investigation, but much additional work has to be done before the prognosis of the disease approaches that of invasive mole. In conclusion, the results of this study illustrate the many difficulties encountered in the diagnosis, treatment and follow‐up of these rare trophoblastic tumours. The need for collaboration in prospective cases and for centralized treatment is strongly indicated from scientific as well as therapeutic points of view.
Prostaglandin F2α and Labour
Authors: Brummer Hilary C. , Craft Ian L.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Serum PGF2α levels during labour and the early post‐partum period have been determined by radioimmunoassay. Random samples from 81 women showed that the highest levels are found in the late first stage of labour with lower levels in the second stage, at delivery and post‐partum. The pattern in seven women who were followed through labour was similar to that seen in random samples and it was found that the change in serum PGF2α levels appears to be related to the stage of cervical dilatation.
Fertility of Husbands at Homologous Insemination
Authors: Ulstein Magnar
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The seminal properties and female fertility factors were studied in 45 couples where homologous in‐ seminations were performed. For 10 couples (group I) normal coitus was impossible. In this group there were 8 normal pregnancies and 1 miscarriage. For 35 couples (group 11) the postcoital test showed persistently reduced penetration because of poor semen quality or hostility of the cervical mucus. In this group there were 10 concep tions, 4 normal pregnancies and 6 miscarriages. The semen quality was a more important prognostic than pathological findings in the women. In vitro sperm penetration of cervical mucus seemed to be the best criterion for judging the prognosis. Homologous insemination can be of value in the treatment of infertility, but careful selection of patients is needed.
ON the Passage of an Exogenous Diamine Oxidase Inhibitor to the Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Tornqvist Åke , Fredholm Anne‐Marie , Jonassen Fredrik , Samsioe Göran
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In a previous study on diamine oxidase activity of amniotic fluid (4) it was questioned whether enzyme inhibition with an intramuscular injection of aminoguanidine sulphate was due to a passage of the inhibitor to the amniotic fluid or was secondary to enzyme inhibition in the maternal blood. In the present investigation amniotic fluid was sampled from 23 women in the second trimester of gestation. In 15 cases, aminoguanidine sulphate was given 1 hour before sampling. In 5 cases aminoguanidine sulphate was detected in the amniotic fluid by thin layer chromatography and a subsequent staining technique. In 10 cases the presence of a diamine oxidase inhibitor in the amniotic fluid was shown by observing the effect of this amniotic fluid on venous plasma with a high diamine oxidase activity. When aminoguanidine sulphate was not given, the amniotic fluid did not show such inhibitory effects. Nor did the incubation itself inhibit the enzyme.
Gastrointestinal Tract Reaction to Radiation Therapy in Cancer of the Cervix Measured by the Vitamin A Absorption Test
Authors: Bergsjø Per
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In an unselected group of 51 patients with carcinoma of the uterine cervix stage II vitamin A absorption tests were performed before treatment and at intervals during radiation treatment. All the patients received a combination of external fractionated betatron treatments to external pelvic fields and local radium applications by a modified Paris technique. The results show a reduced absorption of vitamin A during radiotherapy, with large individual variations but no apparent progression with increasing radiation dosage.
Pregnancy Complicated by Extreme Hyperlipaemia and Foam‐Cell Accumulation in Placenta
Authors: Nielsen F. Hassing , Jacobsen B. Brock , Rolschau J.
Published: December 2009

Abstract.A case of extreme hyperlipaemia in a 25‐year‐old primigravida is reported. The presenting symptom was an attack of acute abdominal pain at term. During this attack triglyceride and serum cholesterol levels were found to be increased excessively. The course of labour was uneventful. Histological examination of the placenta revealed accumulation of lipid‐containing macrophages in the intervillous space, a finding which has not been described previously. The patient was kept under observation over a period of 5 months postpartum. During this period the serum lipid concentration decreased, whereas a slight type IV hyperlipaemia persisted.
THE INDUCTION OF LABOUR WITH PROSTAGLANDIN F2α BY INTRAVENOUS INFUSION
Authors: Lindmark Gunilla , Zador Göran , Nilsson Bo A.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Serial determination of fetal and maternal pH, Pco2 and BDECF was performed in 34 cases of labour inductions with intravenously administered prostaglandin F2α or oxytocin. These values were compared with those found in ten cases of spontaneous labour. With the exception of eight cases of “high risk pregnancies” all the remaining parturients were healthy and within the 38th to 42nd week of gestation. With regard to the cases of “uncomplicated” pregnancies the general patterns of the acid‐base changes were very similar in the three groups. The BDECF values in fetal scalp blood, however, showed a more marked tendency to increase in the group induced with prostaglandin. Further analysis of this group revealed that the rise of BDECF values could be attributed to cases with episodes of uterine hypertonus or signs of uterine incoordination. In the “high risk” pregnancy group the pH values in fetal scalp blood were lower and the BDECF values higher than in the group of “normal” pregnancy cases. The general pattern and the magnitude of the acid‐base changes do not seem to be influenced by the administration of oxytocin or prostaglandin F2α as induction agents providing uterine activity is normal. Abnormal uterine activity, initiated by any of the two induction agents, is, however, associated with an increased risk of fetal acidosis.
The Course and Outcome of Pregnancy in Women with Neuroses
Authors: Bahna Sami L. , Bjerkedal Tor
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Data derived from the medical registration of births in Norway during 1967 and 1968 have been utilized in a study of the course and outcome of 388 pregnancies in women reporting to suffer from conditions classifiable as neuroses. Comparison is made with 112 530 pregnancies in women reporting no disease.

It is found that women with neuroses more often experience pregnancy complications, labour difficulties and premature labour, and that their babies have a higher mortality and a higher frequency of congenital malformation, low birth weight and hypoxia.

The findings suggest that comprehensive care, both psychiatric and obstetric, is needed to lower the risk in these women and their infants.
Diazepam in Early Human Pregnancy
Authors: Erkkola R. , Kanto J. , Sellman R.
Published: December 2009

Abstract.The transfer of diazepam andN‐demethyldiazepam across the placenta in early human pregnancy is studied in a group of 12 patients after a single dose, and in a group of 7 patients after the continued use of diazepam for up to a month. After a single dose the feto‐maternal ratio of the diazepam concentrations is 1.2, while after continued use it is 0.4. The main reason for this difference is probably the incomplete distribution of diazepam after a single dose at the time the samples are taken. The transfer ofN‐demethyl‐diazepam across the placenta occurs just as easily and the feto‐maternal ratio after continued treatment is 0.4, too. The concentration ofN‐demethyldiazepam in the fetal liver is higher than any other concentration measured and this could constitute indirect evidence of metabolism in the fetal liver. The concentrations of diazepam andN‐demethyldiazepam in fetal tissues are at a level comparable to the concentration of diazepam that has a damaging effect on cells in cellular cultures.
Studies on Alkaline Phosphatase in Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Hahnemann N. , Sørensen S. A.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Quantitative and qualitative data on alkaline phosphatase from 108 samples of amniotic fluid, and from maternal serum, cord serum, chorionic and amniotic membranes, placenta and meconium, are reported. a significant difference was observed between the amniotic enzymatic activity in early and late pregnancy. by exclusion fetal skin and urogenital tract are proposed to be the source of amniotic fluid alkaline phosphatase as the enzyme patterns obtained by starch‐gel electrophoresis and thermal inactivation of amniotic fluid enzyme are different from the corresponding patterns obtained from other sources.
Heterotransplantation of Human Foetal Testicular and Ovarian Tissue to the Mouse Mutant Nude
Authors: Skakkebæk N. E. , Jensen G. , Povlsen C. O. , Rygaard J.
Published: December 2009

Abstract.Heterotransplantation of human foetal testicular and ovarian tissue from five human foetuses was performed on a total of 9 mice of the nude mutant. the grafts were inoculated subcutaneously and were accepted by 3 mice with testicular tissue and 2 mice with ovarian tissue. After 4 to 8 weeks the grafts were removed and prepared for light microscopy. in the testicular tissue both undifferentiated Sertoli cells and gonocytes were shown in the seminiferous tubules, and the gonocytes were present in 73 to 90 per cent of the tubular sections. in the ovarian tissue the structure was preserved and a mixed population of oogonia and oocytes was found.
Malignant and Pseudomalignant Hyperplasia Adenomatosa of the Endometrium in Postmenopausal Women Treated with Oestrogen
Authors: Østergaard Erling
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Malignant and Pseudomalignant Hyperplasia of the Endometrium in Postmenopausal Women treated with Oestrogens.

In a two year period 81 patients were admitted because of metrorrhagia related to postmenopausel oestrogen treatment. Diagnostic curettage disclosed various degree of oestrogenic stimulation of the endometrium from slightly proliferative to cyclic glandular hyperplasia, which was observed in no less than 29 cases.

The causal treatment was in the majority of cases repeated injections of oestradiolbenzoate or continuous intake of oestrogen tablets.

In 5 cases the histological diagnosis was endometrial hyperplasia suspect for malignancy. After a period of observation of 6 weeks without oestrogens a new curettage was done. in 3 of the cases the diagnosis of malignant hyperplasia was maintained and a subsequent hysterectomy substantiaited the diagnose of endometrial carcinoma. in 2 cases an atrophic climacteric pattern of the endometrium was found at the second curettage. These pseudomalignant cases have been followed now for up to three years without any signs of uterine malignancy.

Two malignant cases and one pseudomalignant case are reported in detail with the relevant microphotos. It is not possible morphologically to discriminate malignant from pseudomalignant hyperplasia. a period of observation without oestrogens before the final diagnostic curettage is necessary for this differential diagnosis.
Plasma Progesterone Levels in Normal and Abnormal Pregnancies
Authors: Lindberg Bo S. , Nilsson Bo A. , Johansson Elof D. B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Plasma progesterone levels were estimated by competitive protein binding in 815 samples from healthy pregnant women with uncomplicated pregnancies. This series includes 32 patients who were followed serially throughout pregnancy. The mean level increased from 47 ng/ml in week 22 to 148 ng/ml in week 41. The spread was large. Individual patients showed very large variations between two consecutive weeks.

Diurnal variations were examined in 7 patients and short‐time variations during one hour in 5 patients. Large but non‐systematic variations were found in most cases. The maximal difference between values observed over a 24‐hour‐period was 123 ng/ml and during one hour 150 ng/ml.

Plasma progesterone levels were studied in 87 cases of toxemia of pregnancy, 6 cases of hypertension, 54 cases of Rh‐immunization, 37 cases of diabetes and 5 cases of fetal growth retardation of unknown origin. The results indicate that no constant changes occur in plasma progesterone levels in these groups or in cases of impending fetal death.

As the normal limits are very wide, the intraindividual variations large, and the progesterone values in high risk pregnancies are inconclusive, plasma progesterone estimates during the latter part of pregnancy seem to be of limited value.

During human pregnancy large amounts of progesterone are produced by the placenta (1, 14). The production rate during the third trimester lies between 200 and 300 mg/day (9). Part of the progesterone produced is metabolized to pregnanediol and excreted in the urine as the 3‐glucuronidate (16). The percentage of conversion to pregnanediol seems to vary with the stage of gestation and is influenced by pathological alterations in risk pregnancies (2, 5).

Large day to day variations in the urinary pregnanediol levels have been found. It is thus hardly surprising that the clinical value of serial determinations of urinary pregnanediol in late pregnancy has been limited.

Recently useful methods for the assay of progesterone in plasma have been developed and applied to physiological and clinical studies. A number of reports dealing with the prognostic value of progesterone determinations in complicated pregnancies have been published (8, 12, 17). The number of cases investigated is, however, small and the results are, in many respects, inconclusive. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the normal limits during the latter half of uncomplicated pregnancies, circadian and short‐time variations, and to evaluate the prognostic value of progesterone determinations in plasma in high risk pregnancies.
Comparative Assay of HCG, HCT and HCS in Molar Pregnancy
Authors: Tojo Shimpei , Mochizuki Matsuto , Kanazawa Seiichi
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The authors studied the secretion patterns of three chorionic polypeptide hormones (HCG, HCT and HCS) and the clinical usefulness of the assay of these hormones in patients with hydatidiform mole, by means of systematic serial estimation, in comparison with the secretion patterns in normal pregnancy. The serum levels of HCG and HCT in molar pregnancy were usually higher than in normal pregnancy but HCS levels were below the lower limit of normal pregnancy of the same gestational age. This dissociation between the chorionic glycoprotein hormones (HCG and HCT) and the simple protein hormone (HCS) is thought to be one of the characteristic findings in molar pregnancy. Although the amounts of HCG and HCT did not change 6 hours after the evacuation of hydatidiform mole, the concentration of HCS decreased rapidly and 60 min later it became undetectable. Thus, these polypeptide hormones disappeared in the order HCS, HCT and HCG after the evacuation of mole.
Retrograde Cervical Perforation by the Copper‐T Device
Authors: Nygren Karl‐Gösta , Johansson Elof D. B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Two cases of silent retrograde perforation of the cervix were found after approximately 1 200 insertions of the contraceptive intra‐uterine Copper‐T device. One perforation occurred after a post‐menstrual insertion, the other after an immediate post‐abortal insertion. No irritation of the cervical tissue was found and the perforations seemed to heal quickly after the removal of the devices.
The Effect of Oxytocin on Local Uterine Blood Flow in Women with Secondary Amenorrhoea and Early Pregnancy Measured by Local Hydrogen Clearance
Authors: Klingenberg Inge
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Local uterine blood flow was measured by the hydrogen gas clearance method in 36 women before and after injection of oxytocin. In women with secondary amenorrhoea mean myometrial blood flow was 99.0 ± 12.75 ml/min.100 g. No or only a slight reduction of myometrial blood flow was obtained after administration of oxytocin. During the first few days after therapeutic abortion performed in the first trimester of pregnancy, mean myometrial blood flow was 124.3 ± 15.71 ml/min. 100 g. After injection of oxytocin, myometrial blood flow was reduced to a mean of 19.7 ± 6.07% of controls. In the first trimester of pregnancy and during the first few days after therapeutic abortion, cervical uterine blood flow was not or only slightly reduced after administration of oxytocin.
Phospholipids in Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Lindback T. , Frantz T. , Skjaeraasen J. , Graven S.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Phospholipid concentrations were measured in 118 samples of amniotic fluid throughout the last trimester. In 112 of these, all six fractions were measured including total phospholipid content. The findings are correlated with gestational age, maternal disease and fetal outcome. Lecithin levels normally start to rise sharply from 34 weeks. Respiratory distress syndrome is shown to be associated with abnormally low concentrations of lecithin and lecithin sphingomyelin ratios below 2.0.
A Study of Seasonal and Secular Trends in Incidence of Stillbirths and Spontaneous Abortions in Sweden
Authors: Sandahl Björn
Published: December 2009

Abstract. An investigation was made of secular and seasonal trends in two aspects of reproductive failure: stillbirth and spontaneous abortion. The study of stillbirths during 1965 to 1971 is based on official statistics for the whole of Sweden, representing a total of 3 371 stillbirths among 445 343 births. The date of last menstrual period (LMP) was estimated for the main material from data obtained from a smaller series of 181 stillborn infants in Malmö. Spontaneous abortion was studied in the population of Malmö during 1969 to 1971. The yearly number shows a decrease from 369 in 1969 to 330 in 1971. The trend towards performing legal termination of pregnancies at earlier gestation periods means that more terminations are being performed on patients who might subsequently have aborted spontaneously.

After correcting for this the number of spontaneous abortions was constant: in 1969 389, in 1970 391, and in 1971 390. The total number of pregnancies in Malmö was 3 345, 3 511 and 3 360, respectively. Incidence of stillbirth and spontaneous abortion was determined, according to month of LPM.

A decrease in stillbirth rate was observed after 1967, particularly in the high maternal age groups (over 35 years). A seasonal rhythm was noticed with a high stillbirth rate among pregnancies with maternal LMP around March and a low rate in women with their LMP during the summer. A high stillbirth rate is correlated with a low pregnancy rate. Spontaneous abortions show a different pattern‐with a high rate of spontaneous abortion among pregnancies in women with their LMP around June or at the end of the year. There is apparently no correlation between the seasonal changes in stillbirths and spontaneous abortions.
The Radio‐Immunoassay of Follicle‐Stimulating Hormone (FSH) During Human Pregnancy: Serum Concentration and Response to Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Factor (LRF)
Authors: Nakano Ryosuke , Kayashima Fumiko , Katayama Kazuaki , Mizuno Tadayoshi , Washio Motoo , Tojo Shimpei
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Concentrations of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) detectable by radio‐immunoassay and the FSH response to synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) were measured in the sera of fourteen women during the first, the second and the third trimesters of pregnancy. Serum FSH was detectable, but relatively low in all the fourteen subjects throughout pregnancy. Moreover, exogenously administered synthetic LRF failed to stimulate serum FSH secretion from the anterior pituitary and there was no rise in serum FSH in all the fourteen pregnant women. Thus, it might be concluded that follicle‐stimulating activity of the hypophyseal gland is suppressed throughout human pregnancy by an unknown mechanism.
IRON ABSORPTION IN EARLY PREGNANCY‐A STUDY OF THE ABSORPTION OF NON‐HAEME IRON AND FERROUS IRON IN EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Svanberg Bernhard
Published: December 2009

Abstract.The absorption of non‐haeme iron in the food and from a 3 mg reference dose of ferrous iron in solution was measured in 17 healthy women before the 12th week of gestation and in 13 of the women two months after legal abortion.

The absorption of ferrous iron in solution was calculated from determinations of the55Fe activity in blood samples. The food iron absorption was measured from59Fe‐labelled test meals using a highly sensitive whole‐body counter. In addition bone‐marrow smears and other haematological parameters were studied.

The median value of the absorption from the non‐haeme food iron was 2.5 % and from the ferrous iron salt 10.0 % in early pregnancy in women with storage iron. Two months after abortion the absorption increased to 12.6 and 42.6 % respectively. In early pregnancy the absorption of iron was higher in women without stainable iron in bone‐marrow smears. The present results confirm previous observations that the absorption of food iron in early pregnancy is lower than the basal daily requirements. The low absorption is only partly explained by the reduced requirements of iron in early pregnancy. Some other factors related to pregnancy seem also to be involved.
Twin Pregnancy: The Role of Active Management During Pregnancy and Delivery
Authors: JOUPPILA P. , KAUPPILA A. , KOIVISTO M. , MOILANEN I. , YLIKORKALA O.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In a series of 335 twin patients delivered over 1965‐1973, active management was promoted during the pregnancy and delivery. The twin diagnosis was made in the 33.7th gestational week on an average. The diagnosis was made prior to delivery in 83.0% of the cases, and during 1971‐1973 the diagnosis was made before the 32nd week of pregnancy in 40.2% of the cases. The perinatal mortality (PNM) rates were highly significantly (p < 0.001) lower, the birthweights of A and B higher (p < 0.001), and the number of gestational weeks at delivery greater (p < 0.001) in the group diagnosed during pregnancy than in the group in which the twins were not diagnosed until at delivery. 56.4 %> of the patients stayed in hospital for more than 2 days during the pregnancy and 34.9% for over 10 days. The average period of hospitalization was 11.3 days. The perinatal mortality (PNM) of both the A and the B infants was lowest in the group hospitalized for over 10 days. In the group which had stayed in hospital for over 10 days the mean birthweight of the A infants was higher by 100 g and that of the B infants by 94 g than in the group not hospitalized despite the early diagnosis of twins. The average duration of delivery was 9.3 hours. Active efforts were made to shorten the interval between the births of the two infants, and it was 17.5 minutes on an average. This interval was not, however, related to the PNM rate of the B twins. On the basis of our findings, we wish to emphasize particularly the importance of the early diagnosis of twins.
Influence of Copper Intrauterine Contraceptive Devices (Cu‐7‐Iud) on the Menstrual Blood‐Loss
Authors: Larsson Bertil , Hamberger Lars , Rybo Goran
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In a series of 43 healthy women menstrual blood loss was determined before and after insertion of a copper IUD (Gravigard). The menstrual blood loss before insertion was compared with the blood loss 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 12 months after insertion. An increase amounting to approximately 20 ml per period without significant variations during the study was recorded. No significant influence upon serum iron and TIBC was found in 15 of the subjects selected by random. Compared with plastic IUD's the tested copper IUD causes a less pronounced increase of the menstrual blood loss. The menstrual blood loss in a small group of women with menorrhagia was determined before and up to 5 months after insertion of copper IUD. No aggravation of the menorrhagia was however recorded in this group.
Studies on Coagulation and Fibrinolysis in Pregnancy
Authors: Gjønnæss Halvard , Fagerhol Magne K.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Studies on coagulation and fibrinolysis were performed on 40 healthy women who underwent an uncomplicated pregnancy. From each subject, samples were taken 6‐10 times during pregnancy, and all the changes were related to the subjects' own 6‐week postpartum values. Increased concentration of coagulation factors II‐VII‐X was revealed by Normotest. The incidence of cold activation of factor VII increased from 14% in non‐pregnant women in these series to 94% in pregnant women near term. A marked increase in the proteolytic capacity was probably an effect of increased plasminogen concentration and decreased antifibrinolytic activity. The latter did not, however, parallel the immunological determination of the antiplasmins. The concentrations of antithrombin III and CI inactivator of complement both decreased during pregnancy. It is concluded that the overall effect of these changes is probably in favour of coagulation.
The Use of Electro‐Analgesia in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Persianinov L. S.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The newly‐developed method of electro‐analgesia is based on the employment of low‐intensity impulse currents with extended frequency range and electrode application in the region of the forehead and mastoid processes. Electro‐analgesia has been successfully used in preparing the pregnant woman for labour, in controlling abnormal uterine contractility, in preventing and treating toxaemia of pregnancy. It produces favourable effects on the mother and the fetus. Electro‐analgesia has also been successfully used in labour anaesthesia, and as part of a combined method of general anaesthesia in 200 obstetrical and gynaecologic operations and the postoperative period.
Serum and Placental Lactic Dehydrogenase and Alkaline Phosphatase Isoenzymes in Normal Pregnancy and in Pre‐Eclampsia
Authors: Sammour Mohamed B. , Ramadan Mohyi A. , Khalil Fawzia K. , Abd‐El‐Fattah Mohamed M.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. LDH isoenzymes and heat‐stable alkaline phosphatase were studied in the serum and placental extract of 20 cases of pre‐eclampsia and 10 normal pregnancies as a control. The starch‐gel electrophoretic serum and placental isoenzymogram showed that LDH4 and LDH5 were the main isoenzymes in the placenta while LDH1 and LDH2 were the main isoenzymes in the serum in pre‐eclampsia. The electrophoretic serum protein pattern in pre‐eclampsia showed increased concentration in the γ, B, and α‐globulins with decreased albumin fraction, while in the placenta, the albumin fraction was increased together with a decrease in the α‐globulins. The electrophoretic pattern of serum alkaline phosphatase showed a main band of activity at the B‐globulin zone in all cases of normal pregnancy and pre‐eclampsia. In the placenta, two additional bands were detected.
Presence of Antisperm Antibodies in Fertile and Infertile Persons
Authors: Gupta K. G. , Garg A. K.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. The sera of 70 infertile and 30 fertile couples were tested for the presence of sperm agglutinins with Kibrick's macroagglutination technique and Boyden's haemagglutination test. 15.7% of the couples studied showed the presence of sperm agglutinins (by Kibrick's method) of which 5.7% were from males and 10.0% were from females. By the haemagglutination test, 13% of the couples studied were found to possess sperm agglutinins, of which 3% were from males and 10% were from females. 30 fertile men and women studied for sperm agglutinins were found to be negative by both methods. It was also observed that these two tests detected different types of sperm agglutinins. The cervical mucus samples from 45 females (15 fertile and 30 infertile) were tested for sperm agglutinins with a mucus penetration test. 23.1, 16.5 and 57.4% of the samples from infertile females, showed 0‐degree, 1‐degree and 2‐degree penetration respectively. In case of samples from fertile females, 6.6, 13.2 and 79.2% showed 0‐degree, 1‐degree and 2‐degree penetration respectively. Addition of serum from infertile females to cervical mucus from the infertile female increased the 0‐degree penetration percent cases to 50%, as compared with 23.1 when only cervical mucus was used. Addition of serum from fertile females, or horse serum or pure albumin or globulins did not increase the 0‐degree penetration cases.
Different Methods of Reconstruction After Vulvectomies For Cancer of the Vulva
Authors: Körlof B. , Nylén B. , Tillinger K.‐G. , Tjernberg B.
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Direct wound closure with or without flap‐plasty after vulvectomy gives satisfactory cosmetic and functional results. Split thickness skin‐grafts seem to be of limited value in the repair of the defects.
Intra‐Ureteric Pressures in Women Undergoing Hysterectomy for Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix
Authors: Ulmsten Ulf
Published: December 2009

Abstract. Ureteric function in five women undergoing Wertheim hysterectomy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix was assessed from intra‐ureteric pressure recordings made with a new technique. No notable difference was found in frequency, rate or amplitude between the uretero‐peristaltic waves recorded immediately before and after dissection of the ureter. In three cases, however, retro‐peristalsis occurred and in two of them it persisted throughout the operation. The presence of retrograde peristalsis may indicate that the peristaltic activity of these ureters was disturbed by the operative manipulation. Ureteric stasis was also demonstrable by radio‐graphic techniques in those cases in which retro‐peristalsis occurred during the operation but not in those in which it was absent.
Site of Ovulation and Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Saito Motoi , Koyama Takao , Yaoi Yoshimasa , Kumasaka Takahiro , Yazawa Keijiro , Kato Kohei , Nishi Nozomu , Ohkura Takeyoshi
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In a study of 130 tubal pregnancies the relationships as to location of the corpus luteum, the implantation site, and the gross findings of the non‐pregnant fallopian tube were analyzed. A contralateral corpus luteum was found in 20% of the cases. Hydrosalpinx, peritubal adhesions and/or thickening of the tubal wall were observed in 33% of the non‐pregnant tubes. Grouping by implantation site—ipsilateral or contralateral corpus luteum—showed no statistical differences. The incidence of chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases was no greater in the subjects above 30 years of age and those having had more than 2 pregnancies. The results suggest that “tube locking” of the ovum, sometimes a result of previous tubal inflammatory disease, sometimes a result of supposed insufficiency of tubal peristalsis. was the major cause of tubal gestation. External migration of the ovum alone may not be an important factor in the genesis of tubal pregnancy.
Frequency and Management of Urological and Some Other Complications Following Radical Surgery for Carcinoma of the Cervix Uteri, Stages I and II
Authors: Mattsson Tor
Published: December 2009

Abstract. A series of 202 patients with stage I and II carcinoma of the cervix uteri is presented. Radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection was performed in all cases and most patients received radiotherapy in addition. The condition at 5‐year follow‐up of all patients is reported and the facts associated with operative complications are analysed. Special attention was paid to the urological condition by performing urographies as a routine study both pre‐ and postoperatively. There was a strong correlation between the pathological postoperative urologic finding in regard to poor prognosis and permanent complications. Urinary tract infections occurred frequently and were difficult to handle. The operations performed for urological complications are listed. It is concluded that the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix uteri should be concentrated on clinics with a well‐trained staff. At every stage of treatment intensive teamwork is most important. The rate of complications can be reduced by intensifying studies especially in the postoperative period. New diagnostic procedures and prophylactic measures should be tried and introduced into routine practice if proved valuable. It is important that major surgery, such as radical hysterectomy, be performed in a teaching hospital for gynecologists.
Paracervical Block in Obstetrics. an Improved Injection Method: A Clinical and Radiological Study
Authors: Jägerhorn Magnus
Published: December 2009

Abstract. In the present study, an attempt was made to illustrate radiologically the absorption of the anaesthetic preparation after injection for paracervical block (PCB). The study is based on a series consisting of 20 women who were admitted for legal abortion in the 14th to 19th week of pregnancy. The mixture of contrast medium and anaesthetic was injected at various sites and at various depths in order to study the absorption from the paracervical space during pregnancy. The experiences gained were used as a basis for an improved injection technique. The importance of the injection depth of no more than 3 mm was particularly emphasized. This means that the anaesthetic preparation should always be deposited paracervically just below the epithelium. From here, a slow diffusion of the anaesthetic preparation into the loose intervascular connective tissue occurs instead of, with deeper injections, being deposited directly into the venous plexus of the paracervical tissue, where the risk of intravascular injection is extremely great. At the same time, when the correct technique is used, the risk of depositing the anaesthetic preparation in the lower uterine segment the fetal presenting part, or the nervous plexus of the pelvic wall is avoided. Some other practical aspects are discussed.

The improved injection technique has also been used for a personal series of consecutive deliveries, over a 6‐month period including 134 patients who were given a total of 204 paracervical blocks. The anaesthetic solution bupivacaine chloride (Marcaine®) was used in a 0.25% solution with the addition of adrenaline 1:400 000 in a dose of 10 ml distributed at four injection sites in the lateral fornices. Apart from a considerably better analgesic effect than previously reported, maternal side effects were also completely lacking. Any PCB‐induced fetal effect has also been extremely slight and is subjected to a detailed analysis in the work. With meticulous application of technique and dosage in the present work, paracervical block appears to be free from risk; but with the reservation that it must be handled by an experienced obstetrician.