bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of biohumus and growth regulators on the content of pigments and catalase, spike productivity and grain quality of spring wheat
Authors: Besaliev I N , Panfilov A L , Reger N S , Karavaytsev J A , Abdrashitov R R
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to studying the influence of various treatment options for spring wheat seeds with biohumus and growth regulators. The results of field experiments led to the establishment of the effect of various seed treatment options on the content of chlorophyll, carotenoids and antioxidant enzymes, spike productivity indicators, grain quality indicators (nature, vitreous, raw gluten content). A positive effect of the studied preparations on the increase in the content of photosynthetic pigments, catalase, as well as the number of grains in an ear and the weight of grain per ear was established.
Studying the crop yield influence on the commercial quality of the promising table grapes
Authors: Isrigova T A , Salmanov M M , Makuev G A , Saipullaeva A , Isrigova V S , Ramazanov Sh R , Isrigov S S
Published: January 2021

The article contains an introduction, general research objectives are indicated, a comprehensive solution for evaluating raw materials for industrial processing for various types of food products is presented, 18 promising table grape varieties are studied as well as their yield and commercial quality, the percentage of non-standard products is determined, and mathematical processing of data is carried out. Correlation and regression analysis showed that the relationship between yield and yield of marketable grapes is reliable and strong, and the form of correlation is direct (r = 0.99). The indicated dependence is described by the equation y = 0.937x–1.2139. The regression coefficient by x = 0.937 shows in which direction and how the function (y) changes on average when the argument (x) changes. Using the obtained equations, it is possible to construct a theoretical line of regression, according to which it is possible to predict the value of marketable grapes from yield. An increase in the yield of grapes for every 10 centners per hectare leads to an increase in the yield of marketable grapes by 9.37 %.
Institutional peculiarities of agricultural technoparks formation in Russia
Authors: Melikhov V V , Novikov A A , Kozenko K Yu , Komarova O P
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to institutional features of agricultural technoparks as a new form of scientific and industrial cooperation in agriculture, possessing system interrelation with steady development of rural territories, export of agricultural production and possibilities of a conclusion of a domestic agrarian science on world level of researches. Long-term crisis manifestations in Russian agriculture in recent years have only been purchased quantitatively, mainly due to the winning conjuncture of export markets, but not overcome qualitatively, which retains its main disproportions and related risks. The given crisis phenomena are considered in article as system which subsystems are agrarian science, state support of agricultural commodity producers, development and financing of rural territories. These three interrelated and interdependent problems, on the one hand, presented by the crisis of overproduction of budget-funded scientific research in agriculture, and by the crisis of profitability of agricultural production, on the other hand, by the crisis of budget financing of rural areas, can be comprehensively solved through the creation of agricultural technology parks as a means and mechanism for the development of continuous scientific and production cooperation in agriculture and its digital transformation.
The problem of food safety in modern conditions
Authors: Tarmaeva I Yu , Bogdanova O G , Tkachuk E A
Published: January 2021

The proportion of local food in the Republic of Buryatia according to the criteria of a minimum permissible self-sufficiency rate (lim) approved by the Doctrine indicates that the Republic provides only 46.1% of local meat and meat products production for its needs (in the Russian Federation it is 74.6% with the required level of 85%). There is an increase in the share of imported meat and meat products from 30.1% to 57.5%. As for the potato availability it is fully satisfied, and over-indexes the consumption level of 74% (in the Russian Federation it is 2%). During the analyzed period the eggs and egg products production in the Republic was increased by 11%, the volume of imported products was increased by 1.7 times, self-sufficiency rate is 33.1%. There is a low self-sufficiency rate of fruits and berries – 10.6% and in the Russian Federation – 33%. The volume of imported vegetable products increased by 2.5 times mainly due to the imported products. The self-sufficiency rate of in the Republic of Buryatia was 70.8%, in Russia it is 80.5%. For the food safety integrated assessment of the Republic of Buryatia a normalized indicator was calculated. It takes into account the local products hurdles in the commodity total volume for the food main types that is 49.9%. The food safety in the Republic of Buryatia is estimated as low due to the total absence of some producing: vegoil, sugar, meat, fish, fruits and vegetables.
Physical-chemical characteristics and ecological cleanliness of wild forest berries in the Vologda Region
Authors: Gribov S E , Korchagov S A , Khamitov R S , Karbasnikova E B
Published: January 2021

In recent years, the demand for forest food and medicine products has increased, as it is a source of vitamins, minerals and biologically active substances. In addition, they are more environmentally favorable food products and are not processed with chemicals during the growth period. High nutritional value or useful medicinal properties are reduced to zero when the level of toxic substances in them exceeds the maximum permissible norms. Research on the ecological purity of wild plants is an urgent issue. The object of the study is wild-growing berries growing in the Vologda Region. The study used generally accepted methods in assessing the food safety of food products. As a result, it was established that the Vologda Region has a significant resource potential of wild berries. Procurement can be carried out on an area of 110510 thousand km2, and the estimated annual amount of resource withdrawal may be 40591.1 tons. The quality of berry raw material exceeds established standards. When assessing environmental cleanliness, it was found that wild forest berries of the Vologda Region contain less cesium-137 and nitrates than the maximum permissible levels of hazardous concentrations. This fact indicates the possibility of using berries in food production, including baby food.
Development of a technology for a new dairy-grain product
Authors: Kurenkova L A , Zabegalova G N , Kurenkov S A
Published: January 2021

The usage of different grain crops in fermented milk products has acquired ever-greater popularity lately. The studies of the formulation and technology development of a fermented dairy-grain product of functional use have been carried out. The objects of the study were defatted milk, raw buttermilk, flax meal, flax oil, chitosan. The quality attributes of a ready product and the process of its storage were the subjects of the study. The standard methods of analysis were applied to the study of the properties of the raw material, milk basis, normalized composition, clots and ready products. Taking into account the planned amount of the added flax oil and flax meal, the developed fermented dairy-grain product is related to functional products according to the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA).
Yield and quality of spring cereals depending on cultivation conditions
Authors: Parshutkin Yu Yu , Nikolaev P N , Yusova O A , Yusov V S
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify the optimal sowing time and the predecessor to obtain high-quality grain of spring durum wheat and spring barley in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe of Western Siberia. Object of study: varieties of spring durum wheat – Jemchujina Sibiri and Omskij corund; varieties of spring barley – Omskij 90 and Beatrice. The sowing was held on May 7, 14, 21, 28 and June 4. The biochemical assessment of grain quality indicators included the content of raw gluten, protein, starch, crude fat, grain hardness, grain unit. The fallow sowing of spring durum wheat on May 7 increased the values of the thousand grain weight, grain hardness, gluten, protein, color of dry pasta; when sowing from May 14 to 28 – yields, grain unit, color of dry pasta for cereals. For spring barley, an increase in yield and protein content was observed during sowing on May 14; during sowing on June 4 – protein and oil content. Fallow sowing made it possible to increase yield and grain quality both in varieties of spring durum wheat and spring barley.
The quantitative analysis of rutin in the roots of wild yams (Dioscorea caucasica)
Authors: Popova A V , Nadtochii L A , Proskura A V , Muradova M B , Chechetkina A Y
Published: January 2021

The present study represents spectrophotometric method of rutin determination in the dry roots of wild yams (D. caucasica Lipsky), growing in Abkhazia. Obtained results have proven the presence and quantity of flavonoid rutin in the prepared extracts of this medicinal plant. The differential spectrophotometric method was used to confirm the presence of flavonoids and determine their amount in ethanol extracts from Dioscorea caucasica roots. Rutin was applied as a standard sample. A solution of aluminum chloride with rutin had a significant maximum at a wavelength of 0.576 nm. The present data have shown that flavonoids from wild yams roots formed a complex compound with an analytical maximum of intrinsic absorption at 0.565 nm in the aluminum chloride presence. A method of differential spectrophotometry has been developed for the quantitative analysis of the flavonoid rutin, which was found with value of 0.343 mg / g.
Safety monitoring of broiler chicken meat when correcting pre-slaughter stress using feed supplement “PIK-Antistress”
Authors: Miftakhutdinov A V , Sayfulmulukov E R , Nogovitsina E A
Published: January 2021

The research purpose is to assess safety of broiler chicken meat when correcting pre-slaughter stress using feed supplement “PIK-Antistress”. In the conditions of the poultry farm, three groups of broiler chickens were formed: the control group, experimental groups 1 and 2. Broiler chicken meat of all groups met GOST 31470-2012 by veterinary and sanitary characteristics. There was a statistically significant increase in the fat and protein content in white meat of experimental groups 1 and 2 by 5.9 and 0.6 %, respectively, a decrease in moisture in red meat by 0.6 %; a decrease in fat and protein content by 2.2 and 1.4 %, an increase in moisture and ash content by 0.9 and 0.8 %, respectively. There was an increase in the content of zinc, manganese and copper, while the concentrations of ionized forms of metals were significantly lower than the maximum allowable levels. The concentration of lithium in the pectoralis major muscle statistically significantly increased by 50.0 %, in the pectoralis minor – by 33.6 %, in red meat by 104.2 %.
Development of technology and study of quality of dry milk preserved products for specialized purposes
Authors: Ivkova I A , Skryabina O V , Ryabkova D S , Pilyaeva A S
Published: January 2021

Dairy-based products are of great social significance, both in general and functional nutrition of the population, especially in the risk group. Preserved milk products are included into the set of products of the State Reserve, which is also important for the economic security of the country. During storage, the nutritional value of products decreases, which leads to a loss of quality, shortens the shelf life. Keeping the original native properties in the product and extending the shelf life are an important social task. In this regard, development of methodology and creation of high-quality preserved milk products are an urgent task facing specialists in the dairy industry. The study used standardized and general research methods for preserved milk products in terms of quality, safety, and nutritional value. The paper presents a study on the development of technology for dry high-fat dairy product: dry high-fat cream in gelatin capsules for specialized nutrition of people in autonomous conditions of existence (army, naval forces, space, remote areas of the country), made by freeze dehydration. Preserved food has a long shelf life due to stabilization of antioxidants, increased nutritional and biological value. Based on the study, there was developed a manufacturing technology for dry high-fat cream, the recipe of gelatin capsules for its single-use packaging, there was solved the problem of unstable milk production during the year, and provision of people with dairy products in autonomous conditions of existence.
Impact of degree of polishing on technological and biochemical grain quality traits of rice varieties of Russian breeding
Authors: Tumanian N G , Papulova E Y , Chizhikova S S , Kumeiko T B
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of evaluation of rice varieties grown in the conditions of Krasnodar region by technological and biochemical quality traits in connection with the degree of grain polishing. The experiments were carried out in the laboratory of grain quality of Federal Scientific Rice Centre, Krasnodar. Grain of four rice varieties of Russian breeding (Rapan, Flagman, Polevik and Olimp) was subjected to five different degrees of polishing (0 %, 10 %, 12 % and 14 %). The degree of polishing significantly (P≤0.05) influenced the total yield of polished rice, head rice content, and the content of protein and amylose. An increase in the degree of polishing led to a further decrease in the protein content, total yield of polished rice and head rice content in it. However, an increase in the amylose content was found for simulated samples. With an increase in the degree of polishing to 14%, the amylose content increased in varieties Rapan, Flagman, Polevik and Olimp, respectively, by 1.3 %, 1.4 %, 1.5 % and 1.2 %, the protein content decreased by 1.5 %, 1.7 %, 1.6 %, 1.7 %.
Assessment of technical support for dairy industry in agricultural enterprises
Authors: Zinich L V , Kuznetsova N A , Kondratieva O V
Published: January 2021

The effectiveness of agricultural production in dairy farming and the degree of its intensity are directly related to the organizational and economic mechanism of reproduction and the appropriate use of the material and technical base of agriculture. For agricultural producers, the material and technical security, as well as the methods of reproducing the material and technical base in current economic conditions, directly depend on the financial situation, the size of the enterprise, and many other factors affecting the availability of borrowed funds and state support funds. The article discusses the state of technical equipment of dairy cattle breeding, the impact of new, modern, innovative equipment on the efficiency of production. The estimation of technical support of the dairy industry in agricultural enterprises of Russia and the Omsk region is given. The methodological basis of the study was the provisions of modern concepts of analysis of agricultural economics, formalized and intuitive methods for modelling the economic development of the dairy industry. The assessment showed that the technical equipment of dairy farming and its supporting engineering base are at a relatively low level. The solution to these problems is not possible without attracting investment resources for technological and technical re-equipment of the industry.
The environmental-biology aspects of use of chitosan and ultrafine particles of copper and iron in the nutrition of broiler chickens
Authors: Ivanishcheva A P , Sizova E A
Published: January 2021

The natural biopolymer chitosan is currently of great interest to specialists in the field of medicine and veterinary medicine due to properties such as biocompatibility, good sorption and low allergenicity. The aim of the study is to study the environmental-biology effect of chitosan and UFP on growth, productivity and morpho-biochemical blood parameters of broiler chickens. The study was performed on broiler chickens of «ArborAcres» cross (n = 60) in the conditions of vivarium. Biochemical studies of blood serum were performed using an automated analyzer CS-T240 (DIRUI Industrial Co., Ltd, China). The use of chitosan (group I) and UFP (group II) leads to a positive productive effect, however, the joint feeding with chitosan with UFP (group III) does not give a similar result. Feeding with chitosan-containing diet (group I) reduced the concentration of total cholesterol and triglycerides to a greater extent than the use of UFP (group II). Against the background of the introduction of chitosan into food (group I), the activity of catalase increased compared with that of the control. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), as an indicator of lipid peroxidation, decreased with all variants of feed additives. The use of chitosan and UFP in the diets of broiler chickens is advisable and helps to normalize the metabolism and productivity of the bird. The results indicate a promising approach, and requires further research as a component that can be used in the industrial production of animal feed.
Monitoring the exchange of toxic elements in poultry nutrition
Authors: Kvan O V , Miroshnikov S A , Duskayev G K
Published: January 2021

Currently, the problem of the ecological purity of food products is becoming urgent. Food safety assessment includes monitoring the content of toxic elements, while carrying out the necessary analysis for the presence of aluminum, lead, cadmium, tin and strontium using the method of atomic emission spectrometry and mass spectrometry. A relatively new and safe method of detoxification is the use of probiotic strains with the ability to bind heavy metals. The purpose of our study is to form control of the quality of food raw materials by determining the level of toxic elements in poultry products to assess the safety of the product, with the additional inclusion of a probiotic preparation. Based on the studies carried out, a method has been developed for determining low concentrations of toxic elements in food raw materials, which will allow one to further strengthen control of the quality and safety of food and reduce the incidence of diseases caused by alimentary factors.
Influence of exogenous environmental factors on the accumulation of heavy metals
Authors: Notova S V , Kiyaeva E V , Laryushina I E , Duskaeva A Kh
Published: January 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of unbalanced diet on the content of trace elements in hair and liver tissue of laboratory animals. The study was conducted on male Wistar rats being two months of age (N = 20, weight=180g). The rats of experimental group consumed a semi-synthetic diet consisting of basic diet (50 %), fast food products (50 %), carbonated soft sweet drinks and water. Biochemical parameters (ALT, AST, total protein, total bilirubin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes (Cu-Zn SOD, GPx) were assessed. The content of Al, Cd, Pb, Sr in hair and liver tissue was determined by atomic emission and mass spectrometry with inductively coupled argon plasma. A significant increase in the Al content in animals’ hair of the experimental group of 1.7 times was established. A positive correlation between Al in the liver tissue and Al in animal hair (r = 0.809, p <0.05) was found. A significant increase of 5 and 2 times in ALT and AST was found, respectively. In addition, a negative correlation was found between Al liver and the activity of plasma GPx (r = – 0.903, p<0.05).
The modern pace of development and perspectives of horticulture in Azerbaijan
Authors: Huseynov H H , Jafarov I H , Vermeer Mink , Gaplaev M Sh
Published: January 2021

The Republic of Azerbaijan has all the conditions, both natural and socio-economic, for the development of horticulture. Over the last decade, the gross harvest of vegetables has been growing steadily. By 2018, it was 1522 thousand tons. The yield of vegetables has also grown in the indicated period from 14.7 to 21.9 t/ha. Vegetables occupy 4800 ha of a protected ground. The production of greenhouse vegetables targets the Russian market. The bottleneck of this sector is the breeding of vegetable seeds. This market, with a capacity of almost 20 million Euro, is occupied by foreign companies. At the same time, agricultural producers get help from the state in the form of subsidies, preferential credits, and full tax exemption. The research in the sector is also developing. We can note such possible developments as the renovation and outfitting of the Research Institute for Horticulture as well as the training of horticulturists in the Azerbaijan State Agricultural University. The further development of the sector continues in the way of the intensification and biologization of production, the improvement of the range and quality of products.
Elemental status of farm animals from different regions with different environmental loads
Authors: Marshinskaia O V , Kazakova T V , Notova S V
Published: January 2021

In this study, the elemental composition of the hair of Holstein cows (n=50) from two different regions of Russia (Vologda and Orenburg regions) was studied. The contents of chemical elements in wool of the animals was determined using ICP-AES and ICP-MS. According to the results obtained, there were significant differences in the content of practically all elements (with the exception of B and Cu) in the wool of cows when comparing animals from Vologda and Orenburg. The study of the mineral composition of cow hair has shown that territorial features are the determining factor of elemental homeostasis and clearly demonstrate the need to take into account regional features when developing recommendations for correcting the elemental status of animals.
Impact of No-Till technology and winter wheat precursors on soil fertility in arid conditions of Stavropol territory
Authors: Wolters I A , Pismennaya E V , Vlasova O I , Perederieva V M , Faizova V I
Published: January 2021

At present, agricultural production of the region faces the main task – to ensure further growth and greater production stability of winter wheat. The new No-till technology for the arid zone of Stavropol Territory is an optimal option within the system of resource-saving technologies. Its application in the peasant farm Vodopyanov S.S. in the conditions of dark chestnut soil became possible with the introduction of a scientifically valid system of farming and sufficient availability of equipment, fertilizers and pesticides at the enterprise. The study of the effect of the No-till technology and precursors on agrophysical and agrochemical properties of dark chestnut soil in the arid zone showed that the winter wheat crops have the largest amount of productive moisture reserve in the upper layer (0.0–0.20 m) during the booting stage of winter wheat for sunflower and winter rape. The largest amount of agronomically valuable aggregates is noted in winter wheat crops in the booting stage for sunflower, and to the blooming stage it increases for all precursors. The soil density of winter wheat crops increases down the layers. The number of water-stable aggregates increases to the firm ripe stage. As nitrogen consumption by plants increases, the amount of nitrate in the soil decreases and reaches its minimum by the firm ripe stage. The maximum concentration of labile phosphorus in the soil is observed during the initial sampling period. Regardless of the precursor, there is a tendency to pH decrease. There is a decrease in humus and mobile sulfur down the soil layers. In general, the No-till technology and precursors affect the reduction of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil.
Heavy metals in agricultural crops of Rostov region through the example of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Chaplygin V A , Minkina T M , Mandzhieva S S , Nazarenko O G , Zimulina I V , Bauer T V , Litvinov Yu A , Rajput V
Published: January 2021

In recent decades, the problem of an annually increasing level of anthropogenic impact on the environment has become increasingly important. One of the most dangerous pollutants entering the environment from industrial emissions is heavy metals. This type of pollutant is not subject to biodegradation over time, due to which they accumulate in environmental objects in dangerous concentrations. The resistance of soft wheat (Triticum aestivum) of the Myatlikovy family (Poaceae) to aerotechnogenic pollution in the soil and climatic conditions of southern Russia was studied. The content of heavy metals in this culture growing in the impact zone of Novocherskasskaya power plant is analyzed. The pollution with Pb, Zn, Ni and Cd was established. The average and close correlation was established between the total content and the content of mobile forms of HM in the soil and their content in wheat plants. For the studied plants, the accumulation coefficient (AC) and distribution coefficient (DC) of TM were calculated. The values of the coefficients showed a significant accumulation of elements by plants from the soil, as well as their translocation from the root system to the aboveground part.
Content analysis on basic nutrients in soil when growing sainfoin in the Lower Volga region
Authors: Dronova T N , Zemlyanitsina S V
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of studies evaluating the effect from using organic fertilizers or doses, equivalent to them, of mineral fertilizers; how presowing seed treatment with using bischofite impacts the dynamics of the main nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) in the arable and subsurface layers of soil when sowing the sandy sainfoin under the irrigation. It is shown that in all options of organic and mineral fertilizers by the end of the vegetation season of the sainfoin growing, there was observed phosphorus content decrease, in both the arable and subsoil layers of the soil. In the subsurface layer, the deficiency of the mobile phosphorus reached 70 % in the control option and in the option with the mineral fertilizers, whereas in the options with the organic fertilizers this deficiency was limited to 40 %. The dynamics of the nitrogen was not negative after three years; the content of this element practically remained at the initial level, having decreased only by 10 %. The dynamics of the potassium in the arable layer of the soil was also not negative, and in the subsurface layer the content of this element slightly decreased.
Study of the ability of Eisenia fetid
a to bioaccumulate metals from the substrate as a promising method for the restoration of soils contaminated with nanoparticles Cu, Zn and Mo
Authors: Lebedev S V , Vershinina I A
Published: January 2021

The widespread introduction into production and distribution of nanoparticles and their accumulation in natural environments creates a danger of contamination of fertile soils. Moreover, the accumulation of nanoparticles in soil differs significantly from the behavior of larger particles. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of this study was to determine the ability of worms to accumulate Zn, Cu, and Mo nanoparticles from the substrate in order to assess the possibility of using it in soil restoration. In our study, we used nanoparticles Cu, Zn, Mo at a concentration of 50, 200, 500 and 1000 mg/kg of dry soil. A standardized artificial soil (70 % quartz sand, 20 % kaolin, and 10 % ground peat) was used as a substrate. The test objects were E. fetida worms. According to the results of the study, we established a different ability of the worm’s organism to cumulate metals with variable valency. At the same time, the level of Cu in the body of E. fetida increased along with dosages and exposure times, while the absorption and accumulation of Zn and Mo occurs to a certain level, with a subsequent slowdown in its accumulation rate. The data obtained show the promise of using worms in the technology of restoration of soils contaminated with nanoparticles.
Evaluation of antitoxic ability of carbon nanomaterials with respect to Hg2 + mercury ions using Escherichia coli cells
Authors: Aleshina E S , Drozdova E A , Sizova E A
Published: January 2021

The unique physical and chemical characteristics of C60-fullerene determine the opportunity of creating a new generation of drugs on its basis. At the same time, various agents are already being created based on derivatives of fullerenes, which are effectively used in ecology and biomedicine as antibacterial and antiviral drugs, anticancer agents, and agents that inhibit certain enzymes. In this regard, there was investigated the possibility of using water-soluble derivatives of C60-fullerene as substances with sorbing activity against Hg (II) ions using two bioluminescent test systems based on recombinant Escherichia coli strains, one of which is E. coli K12 TG1 pF1 with Vibrio fischeri’s integrated luxCDABE gene cassette had a constitutive luminescence and the integral response to the effects of C60-fullerne derivatives was evaluated by the severity of bioluminescence quenching in the experimental sample relative to the control sample, which allowed us to calculate the relative changes in the intensity of bioluminescence as a reflection of a possible developing toxic effect Hg2 + and E. coli K12 MG1655 pMerR’::lux, carrying a hybrid plasmid with the merR gene and the merTPFAD operon promoter activated by it, inserted in front of the LuxCDABE gene cassette Photorhabdus luminescens which, due to its similar genetic construction, had a low background bioluminescence and multiply amplified in the presence of Hg2 + ions due to the parallel induction of mer and lux operons. The studies involved 6 derivatives of C60-fullern, the analysis of the antitoxic effect of which revealed comparable activity in some of them in comparison with the traditional drug Unithiol based on sodium 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate. Moreover, the studies made it possible to consider derivatives of C60-fullerene as new nanostructured agents that have antitoxic effects on mercury ions and allows us to expand the list of biological models of a higher organization for further research in this area.
Environmental safety and efficacy of ordinary chernozem fertilization with “Agrobionov” preparation under barley crops
Authors: Khusainov A T , Syrlybayev M K , Ayapbergenova A S
Published: January 2021

An intensive decrease in soil fertility is observed in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The main reason is the low volumes of mineral fertilizers, only 6-8 kg per hectare of arable land. Traditional mineral fertilizers are inaccessible due to high prices. Therefore, there is a need to search for alternative types of fertilizers. Barley is the main grain crop from the group of “brown” breads used for fodder and food purposes. An important reserve for barley yield increase is the use of fertilizers. This publication presents the results of research work on the environmental safety and effectiveness of the use of the “Agrobionov” preparation, produced from local, affordable, cheap industrial waste - ash and carbon black for soils fertilizing under barley crops. The content of heavy metals and radionuclides was determined by the method of inverse voltammetry (GOST 50686-94, GOST 50683-94), the grain yield was recorded by the direct combining method, the statistical processing of the crop was carried out according to the Fisher method as adapted by Dospekhov, the yield data is 100% pure and 15% standard humidity. The results of the study showed that the use of the “Agrobionov” preparation for chernozem soils fertilizing under barley crops is environmentally safe and gives an economic effect. The content of heavy metals and radionuclides in the soil and grain of barley does not exceed the maximum permissible concentrations (MPC) and tentatively permissible norms (TPN). Barley grain productivity increases, costs for its production decrease.
Possibility of using organo-mineral substrate in agriculture
Authors: Kotyak P A , Chebykina E V , Vaganova N V , Ivanova M Yu
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the development of eco-friendly organo-mineral substrate technology. It is intended to use the material of greenhouse-made vegetation mats and poultry (chicken) manure. Based on the conducted studies to determine the influence of various fertilizer systems on the toxic status of sod-podzolic gleyic middle loamy soil in the conditions of Yaroslavsky region, the nutrient status with the introduction of organo-mineral substrate both separately and together with complete fertilizers has the best characteristics. Under these conditions, the soil toxicity is reduced thus indicating the ecological well-being of soil using the studied agricultural methods. The placement of such fertilizers on its own contributed to the growth of the soil units by 29.34%, and when applied with mineral fertilizers – by 34.76% without deteriorating the quality of products due to the absence of the soil toxic effect.
Classification analysis of herbicides that were approved in 2018
Authors: Nefed’eva E E , Ermoshina E S , Belopuhov S L , Baibekov R F
Published: January 2021

An important area in agriculture is control of weeds. One of the effective ways to suppress weeds are herbicides. They are able to eliminate weeds, thereby increasing productivity of crops. There are a large number of herbicides that have been tested, registered and licensed. Each herbicide differs in the following criteria: chemical structure, herbicidal activity, mechanism of absorption and action, and ways of movement. Herbicides approved in 2018 are based on active substances which are described here. The active substances are diflufenzopyr, flufenacet, flurtamone, bromoxynil, cycloxydim and some others. A classification was compiled for a visual study of herbicides. It is presented in this work with an indication of new herbicides that were approved for use in 2018.
Application of fertilization and microbiological preparations in ecological technologies of agricultural enterprises
Authors: Trufanov A M , Voronin A N , Schukin S V
Published: January 2021

One of the methods of agricultural enterprises ecologization is the use of fertilization and microbiological preparations. The paper presents the results of the field studies into the effectiveness of seeds preparation for sowing soybeans, amaranth and buckwheat by treatment with Baikal EM-1 and potassium humate. It was found to improve the biological properties of the soil and reduce the incidence of weediness of crops when using the Baikal EM-1, as well as increasing the growth and development of plants. As a result, the use of Baikal EM-1 led to an increase in green mass yield of soybeans by 8.5% and yield of its seeds by 7.9%. For amaranth, the values are 24.6 and 24.2%, respectively, and for buckwheat they are 4.9 and 32.5%. The effectiveness of potassium humate was lower: the green mass yield of amaranth increased by 5.9%, seeds – by 5.5%; the values for buckwheat were 3.9 and 30.7%, respectively. The results indicate the prospects for use of preparations in ecological crops technologies in agricultural enterprises.
The Adaptive Afterlife of Texts: Entropy and Generative Decay
Authors: Nicholls Marcus
Published: January 2021

Building on a tradition of exploring textual interrelationships through figurative readings and extended metaphors, this paper seeks to read adaptation as an active and creative practice of decay. The reading is couched within a broader exploration of the afterlife of texts and heterocosms via a conceptualization of textual embodiment as prey to particular kinds of entropy. Within this paradigm, Adaptation Studies becomes an inclusive methodology for exploring the ways in which texts metamorphose and are purposefully, posthumously altered by authors, readers, and adapters. Adaptation is proposed as a creative engagement of generative decay based in a broader universe of textual entropy, requiring interpretative burrowings from readers and adapters so that sources might be recycled and rewritten in the inks of their suppurations.
Everyone Can Change a Musical Work
Authors: Moruzzi Caterina
Published: January 2021

This paper explores how a new theory on the ontology of musical works, Musical Stage Theory, can address the problem of change in musical works. A natural consequence of the ontological framework of this theory is that musical works change intrinsically through a change in the sonic-structural properties of performances. From this a surprising consequence follows: everyone can change a musical work. Still, it seems that some changes matter more than others. The article offers a revisionary reply to this concern by arguing that normative change is not a change in the ontological nature of the work but rather in its authenticity conditions.
Mortality risk associated with combinations of loneliness and social isolation. Findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (TILDA)
Authors: Ward Mark , May Peter , Normand Charles , Kenny Rose Anne , Nolan Anne
Published: January 2021

Background

Social distancing and similar measures in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic have greatly increased loneliness and social isolation among older adults. Understanding the association between loneliness and mortality is therefore critically important. We examined whether combinations of loneliness and social isolation, using a metric named social asymmetry, was associated with increased mortality risk.

Methods

The sample was derived from participants in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling older adults aged ≥50. Survey data were linked to official death registration records. Cox proportional hazards regressions and competing risk survival analyses were used to examine the association between social asymmetry and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Results

Of four social asymmetry groups, concordant low lonely (low loneliness, low isolation) included 35.5% of participants; 26.4% were concordant high lonely (high loneliness, high isolation); 19.2% were discordant robust (low loneliness, high isolation) and 18.9% discordant susceptible (high loneliness, low isolation). The concordant high lonely (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.43, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–1.87) and discordant robust (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.04–1.81) groups had an increased mortality risk compared to those in the concordant low lonely group. The concordant high lonely group had an increased risk of mortality due to diseases of the circulatory system (sub-distribution hazard ratio = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.03–2.25).

Conclusion

We found that social asymmetry predicted mortality over a 7-year follow-up period. Our results confirm that a mismatch between subjective loneliness and objective social isolation, as well as the combination of loneliness and social isolation, were associated with an increased all-cause mortality risk.
Blood Pressure Control Among Older Adults With Hypertension: Narrative Review and Introduction of a Framework for Improving Care
Authors: Bowling C Barrett , Lee Alexandra , Williamson Jeff D
Published: January 2021

Although antihypertensive medications are effective, inexpensive, and recommended by clinical practice guidelines, a large percentage of older adults with hypertension have uncontrolled blood pressure (BP). Improving BP control in this population may require a better understanding of the specific challenges to BP control at older age. In this narrative review, we propose a framework for considering how key steps in BP management occur in the context of aging characterized by heterogeneity in function, multiple co-occurring health conditions, and complex personal and environmental factors. We review existing literature related to 4 necessary steps in hypertension control. These steps include the BP measure which can be affected by the technique, device, and setting in which BP is measured. Ensuring proper technique can be challenging in routine care. The plan includes setting BP treatment goals. Lower BP goals may be appropriate for many older adults. However, plans must take into account the generalizability of existing evidence, as well as patient and family’s health goals. Treatment includes the management strategy, the expected benefits, and potential risks of treatment. Treatment intensification is commonly needed and can contribute to polypharmacy in older adults. Lastly, monitor refers to the need for ongoing follow-up to support a patient’s ability to sustain BP control over time. Sustained BP control has been shown to be associated with a lower rate of cardiovascular disease and multimorbidity progression. Implementation of current guidelines in populations of older adults may be improved when specific challenges to BP measurement, planning, treating, and monitoring are addressed.
Associations Between Social Determinants and Hypertension, Stage 2 Hypertension, and Controlled Blood Pressure Among Men and Women in the United States
Authors: Commodore-Mensah Yvonne , Turkson-Ocran Ruth-Alma , Foti Kathryn , Cooper Lisa A , Himmelfarb Cheryl Dennison
Published: January 2021

Background

Social determinants influence the development and control of hypertension.

METHODS

National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2018) data for adults aged ≥18 included education, income, employment, race/ethnicity, healthcare access, marital status, and nativity status. Outcomes were hypertension (blood pressure [BP] ≥130/80 mm Hg or self-reported hypertension medication use), stage 2 hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mm Hg), and controlled BP (BP <130/80 mm Hg among those with hypertension). Poisson regression with robust variance estimates was used to examine associations between social determinants and outcomes, by sex.

RESULTS

The analysis included 21,664 adults (mean age 47.1 years), of whom 51% were women. After adjustment, hypertension and stage 2 hypertension prevalence remained higher among Black and Asian than White adults, regardless of sex. Blacks had lower prevalence of controlled BP than Whites. Compared with college graduates, men and women with less education had a higher prevalence of hypertension and stage 2 hypertension. Men (prevalence ratio [PR]: 0.28, 95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.49) and women (PR: 0.44, 0.24–0.78) with no routine place for healthcare had lower prevalence of controlled BP than those who had a routine place for healthcare. Uninsured men (PR: 0.66, 0.44–0.99) and women (PR: 0.67, 0.51–0.88) had lower prevalence of controlled BP than those insured. Unemployed or unmarried women were more likely to have controlled BP than employed or married women.

Conclusions

Social determinants were independently associated with hypertension outcomes in US adults. Policy interventions are urgently needed to address healthcare access and education, and eliminate racial disparities.
Characterization of Occupational Exposures to Engineered Nanoparticles During the Finishing Process of a Hardwood Floor Manufacturing Plant
Authors: Debia Maximilien , Carpentier Mireille , L’Espérance Gille
Published: January 2021

Engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have an enormous economic impact. In the surface coating industry, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) nanoparticles are commonly incorporated into varnishes, paints, and finishing products. These ENMs are used for UV-active properties and self-cleaning activities, as well as for the durability and resistance they provide. However, several health concerns are associated with the inhalation of some ENMs. In this case study, occupational exposures to engineered nanoparticles were investigated in an industrial hardwood floor manufacturing plant during the finishing task of an automated spraying equipment. A combination of air and surface sampling was carried out during two workdays. Airborne and deposited particles were measured using a combination of real-time and filter-based sampling methods and analyzed by microscopy and spectrometry. Results indicate that the wood floor coating process generates airborne TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles which include individual particles in the nanoscale range (lower than 100 nm) and agglomerated particles of several hundred nanometers containing individual nanoparticles. Finishing activities significantly increased total particle number concentrations (45 620 and 117 880 particles cm−3) and surface-specific mass concentrations (154 µm2 cm−3). Concentrations of TiO2 ranged from 13 to 97 µg m−3 for personal measurements and from 36 to 55 µg m−3 for ambient measurements in the finishing location. Characterization of the deposited particles indicated the dispersion of the engineered airborne nanoparticles from the finishing location to the packaging area. Using a multimetric approach, this study shows high evidence that the worker was exposed to engineered TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles during the finishing process of the wood floor production facility. In addition, this study indicates that workers outside the finish spray area could be exposed to airborne engineered TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles coming from the finishing process.
Raciolinguistic Ideologies and Second Language Spanish: Case Study of an Interracial Couple
Authors: Menard-Warwick Julia
Published: January 2021

The theoretical framework of raciolinguistics examines connections between language ideologies and racialization, but few studies have analyzed the adult learning of languages other than English. This case study is based on life history interviews with a married couple, a Black male journalist and a White female nurse, who learned Spanish as adults. Both grew up as monolingual English speakers, in multilingual US communities where Spanish was widely spoken, and both studied the language in school, but only began using it in US settings as adults in professional contexts. Their Spanish use expanded during three years of volunteer service in Bolivia, where I interviewed them twice, a year apart, as part of a larger interview study on bilingual identities. In this article, I employ a Bakhtinian lens to explore this couple’s perspectives on their encounters with raciolinguistic ideologies; the contexts in which their Spanish use was ratified or not; and their eventual establishment of (somewhat limited) Spanish-speaking voices through the affordances of their intersectional identities.
Female and male plumage color is linked to parental quality, pairing, and extrapair mating in a tropical passerine
Authors: Leitão Ana V , Hall Michelle L , Mulder Raoul A
Published: January 2021

Sexual selection has been proposed to drive the evolution of elaborate phenotypic traits in males, which often confer success in competition or mating. However, in many species, both males and females display such traits. Studies examining how selection acts on both sexes are scarce. In this study, we investigated whether plumage ornamentation is sexually selected in females and males lovely fairy-wren Malurus amabilis, a cooperatively breeding songbird. We found that female and male plumage color was correlated with parental quality but not with individual quality or survival. We also found evidence of positive assortative mating based on plumage color. Microsatellite analyses of paternity indicated that the lovely fairy-wren has high levels of extrapair paternity (EPP), with 53% of offspring (in 58% of broods of 57% of females) resulting from extrapair (EP) mating. Female and male plumage color did not predict reproductive success or the proportion of EP offspring in their own nest, but less colorful males obtained higher EPP when paired with more colorful females and gained overall higher total paternity (own nest and other nests). We argue that plumage color may be under sex-specific selection, highlighting the importance of looking at both sexes in studies of sexual selection and ornament evolution. The current findings together with the previous study suggest that plumage color in female and male lovely fairy-wrens appears to be an honest signal relevant in both intrasexual and intersexual competition contexts.