bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abattoir-based study of Salmonella prevalence in pigs at slaughter in Great Britain
Authors: Martelli F. , Oastler C. , Barker A. , Jackson G. , Smith R. P. , Davies R.
Published: September 2021

Consumption of pork and pork products can be associated with outbreaks of human salmonellosis. Salmonella infection is usually subclinical in pigs, and farm-based control measures are challenging to implement. To obtain data on Salmonella prevalence, samples can be collected from pigs during the slaughter process. Here we report the results of a Great Britain (GB) based abattoir survey conducted by sampling caecal contents from pigs in nine British pig abattoirs during 2019. Samples were collected according to a randomised stratified scheme, and pigs originating from 286 GB farms were included in this survey. Salmonella was isolated from 112 pig caecal samples; a prevalence of 32.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 27.4–37.4]. Twelve different Salmonella serovars were isolated, with the most common serovars being S. 4,[5],12:i:-, a monophasic variant of Salmonella Typhimurium (36.6% of Salmonella-positive samples), followed by S. Derby (25.9% of Salmonella-positive samples). There was no significant difference compared to the estimate of overall prevalence (30.5% (95% CI 26.5–34.6)) obtained in the last abattoir survey conducted in the UK (2013). Abattoir-based control measures are often effective in the reduction of Salmonella contamination of carcasses entering the food chain. In this study, the effect of abattoir hygiene practices on the prevalence of Salmonella on carcasses was not assessed. Continuing Salmonella surveillance at slaughter is recommended to assess effect of farm-based and abattoir-based interventions and to monitor potential public health risk associated with consumption of Salmonella-contaminated pork products.
Price promotion of organic foods and consumer demand
Authors: Chen Danhong , Jaenicke Edward C. , Yan Ji , Tian Kun , Nayga Rodolfo M.
Published: September 2021

Existing studies have examined the demand elasticities for organic products only in select categories, and their results for consumers' sensitivity to price changes are inconsistent. Evidence regarding the effects of price promotions on the demand for organic foods vs non-organic foods is scarce. This study aims to (1) examine the own-price elasticities of organic foods vs non-organic counterparts both with and without a promotion in a variety of product categories, and (2) investigate how the distinctive promotion effects between organic and non-organic counterparts depend on food category features. Using purchase data for 36 food categories from the 2015 Nielsen Consumer Panel, we find differential own-price elasticities for organic and non-organic foods, regardless of whether the product is purchased with a promotion. When the products are purchased with a promotion, we find stronger price promotion effects of organic virtues than non-organic virtues and weaker price promotion effects of organic vices than conventional vices. Price promotions of organic foods are more likely to induce health-conscious consumers to switch from conventional purchases to organic purchases in virtues.
How Long Do Black Carbon Particles Linger in the Atmosphere?
Authors: Derouin Sarah
Published: September 2021

Researchers uncover how black carbon evolves from hydrophobic particles to cloud nucleation sites, eventually removing the heat-absorbing particles from the sky.
Experimental implementation of precisely tailored light-matter interaction via inverse engineering
Authors: Yan Ying , Shi Chunyan , Kinos Adam , Syed Hafsa , Horvath Sebastian P. , Walther Andreas , Rippe Lars , Chen Xi , Kröll Stefan
Published: September 2021

Accurate and efficient quantum control in the presence of constraints and decoherence is a requirement and a challenge in quantum information processing. Shortcuts to adiabaticity, originally proposed to speed up the slow adiabatic process, have nowadays become versatile toolboxes for preparing states or controlling the quantum dynamics. Unique shortcut designs are required for each quantum system with intrinsic physical constraints, imperfections, and noise. Here, we implement fast and robust control for the state preparation and state engineering in a rare-earth ions system. Specifically, the interacting pulses are inversely engineered and further optimized with respect to inhomogeneities of the ensemble and the unwanted interaction with other qubits. We demonstrate that our protocols surpass the conventional adiabatic schemes, by reducing the decoherence from the excited-state decay and inhomogeneous broadening. The results presented here are applicable to other noisy intermediate-scale quantum systems.
Spectral responses in rangelands and land cover change by livestock in regions of the Caatinga biome, Brazil
Authors: Morais Leonardo Fiusa de , Cavalcante Ana Clara Rodrigues , Aquino Deodato do Nascimento , Nogueira Felipe Hermínio Meireles , Cândido Magno José Duarte
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to analyze fragments of rangelands through spectral responses and land cover change by livestock in regions of the Caatinga biome through remote sensing. For spectral behavior, the surface reflectance bidirectional (SRB) and spectral indexes of vegetation were used to verify the ragelands seasonality. Land cover change detection of Ouricuri and Tauá through Landsat-8 images with a 16-day revisit interval, were processed in the Google Earth Engine platform (GEE) and software Quantum GIS version 2.18 (QGIS). In the GEE platform, annual mosaics and stacking of the spectral bands were generated for the classification of images, and in sequence the production of thematic maps in QGIS. The analysis of land cover change considered the classes: thinned Caatinga, conserved Caatinga, herbaceous vegetation, bare soil, water and others. The analysis of the spectral responses showed that the vegetation monitored in Ouricuri presented higher SRB in the infrared band and lower SRB in the red and blue bands, and that caused the pasture to produce higher vegetation indexes than the other locations. Through validation, it was observed that in Tauá, there was an overall accuracy of 91% and Kappa index of 89%, and in Ouricuri there was an overall accuracy of 90% and Kappa index of 86%, indicating excellent correctness of the classification model. The classification model proved to be effective in verifying the temporal and spatial land cover change, making it possible to identify places with the vegetation that was most affected and susceptible to degradation and generation of political support to minimize damage to the Caatinga Biome.
Constructing a triangular metallacycle with salen–Al and its application to a catalytic cyanosilylation reaction
Authors: Xu Jun , Zhang Yueyue , Zhang Jinjin , Li Yang , Li Bo , Qiu Huayu , Zhang Pengfei , Yin Shouchun
Published: September 2021

A triangular metallosalen-based metallacycle was constructed and used to cyanosilylate a wide range of benzaldehydes with trimethylsilyl cyanide.
Valence tautomeric transformation in the [CrCo] compound: exploration of cooperative interactions
Authors: Klokishner Sophia , Reu Oleg , Roman Marianna
Published: September 2021

Ligand-metal electron transfer results in a crucial change of the magnetic properties.
Chiroptical switching behavior of heteroleptic ruthenium complexes bearing acetylacetonato and tropolonato ligands
Authors: Yoshida Jun , Yamazaki Kana , Tateyama Kazunori , Yuge Hidetaka , Sato Hisako
Published: September 2021

Heteroleptic ruthenium complexes exhibit relatively large ECD changes upon oxidation, long lifetime of the oxidized state, and quite slow racemization behavior.
Targets and underlying mechanisms related to the sedative and hypnotic activities of saponins from Rhodiola rosea L. (crassulaceae)
Authors: Hao Yun-Fang , Luo Ting , Lu Zhong-Yu , Shen Chun-Yan , Jiang Jian-Guo
Published: September 2021

HJT-I and HJT-II exert sedative–hypnotic effects by modulating the 5-HTergic, GABAAergic and immune systems in PCPA-induced rats. HJT-II with a higher saponin content was more effective.
Insights into the structure and ionic transport in ‘water-in-bisalt’ electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Kartha Thejus R. , Reddy Dhileep N. , Mallik Bhabani S.
Published: September 2021

We investigated the dynamics of water-in-bisalt (WiBS) electrolytes that contain lithium bis(trifluorosulfonimide) (LiTFSI) and lithium triflate (LiOTf) at different concentrations and temperatures using classical molecular dynamics simulations.
Spatial confinement of chemically engineered cancer cells using large graphene oxide sheets: a new mode of cancer therapy
Authors: Chen Tianshu , Zhang Qianqian , Song Yuchen , Isak Albertina N , Tang Xiaochen , Wang Hao , Ma Zhongliang , Sun Fenyong , Pan Qiuhui , Zhu Xiaoli
Published: September 2021

A concept of cancer treatment is developed by imposing large graphene oxide sheets as a “cage” on cancer cells to limit their spatial behavior through the inhibition of cell migration and invasion, which directly addresses the defining trait of cancer on the cellular level.
Fast polysulfide catalytic conversion and self-repairing ability for high loading lithium–sulfur batteries using a permselective coating layer modified separator
Authors: Zeng Fang-Lei , Wang Fang , Li Ning , Song Ke-Meng , Chang Shiye , Shi Lu , Zhou Xin-Yu , Wang Wei-Kun , Jin Zhao-Qing , Wang An-Bang , Yuan Ning-Yi , Ding Jian-Ning
Published: September 2021

A novel carbon-coating layer material through grafting an organo-polysulfide chain on the carbon matrix (ABPS) was proposed for solving the sluggish electrochemical redox kinetics and repairing the broken electrode of high-loading Li–S batteries.
A novel and efficient method of MOF-derived electrocatalyst for HER performance through doping organic ligands
Authors: Qin Ling , Zheng Qi-Ming , Liu Jin-Liang , Zhang Ming-Dao , Zhang Meng-Xian , Zheng He-Gen
Published: September 2021

Designing efficient, non-noble metal electrocatalysts is essential and highly desirable, but still challenging. Herein, Co/NC@PMDA catalyst was obtained after calcination through doping PMDA ligands in 1-Co. It shows a good HER performance.
FEDReD
Authors: Hottier C. , Babusiaux C. , Arenou F.
Published: September 2021

Context. The Vela complex is a region of the sky that gathers several stellar and interstellar structures in a few hundred square degrees.

Aims.Gaia data now allow us to obtain a 3D view of the Vela interstellar structures through the dust extinction.

Methods. We used the FEDReD (Field Extinction-Distance Relation Deconvolver) algorithm on near-infrared 2MASS data, cross-matched with the Gaia DR2 catalogue, to obtain a 3D cube of extinction density. We applied the FellWalker algorithm to this cube to locate clumps and dense structures.

Results. We analysed 18 million stars over 450 deg2 to obtain the extinction density of the Vela complex from 0.5 to 8 kpc at ℓ ∈ [250° ,280° ] and b ∈ [ − 10° ,5° ]. This cube reveals the complete morphology of known structures and relations between them. In particular, we show that the Vela Molecular Ridge is more likely composed of three substructures instead of four, as suggested by the 2D densities. These substructures form the shell of a large cavity. This cavity is visually aligned with the Vela supernova remnant but located at a greater distance. We provide a catalogue of location, distance, size, and total dust content of Interstellar Medium (ISM).
The bi-modal 7Li distribution of the Milky Way’s thin-disk dwarf stars
Authors: Roca-Fàbrega S. , Llorente de Andrés F. , Chavero C. , Cifuentes C. , de la Reza R.
Published: September 2021

Context. The lithium abundance, A(Li), in stellar atmospheres suffers from various enhancement and depletion processes during the star’s lifetime. While several studies have demonstrated that these processes are linked to the physics of stellar formation and evolution, the role that Galactic-scale events play in the galactic A(Li) evolution is not yet well understood.

Aims. We aim to demonstrate that the observed A(Li) bi-modal distribution, in particular in the FGK-dwarf population, is not a statistical artefact and that the two populations connect through a region with a low number of stars. We also want to investigate the role that Galactic-scale events play in shaping the A(Li) distribution of stars in the thin disk.

Methods. We use statistical techniques along with a Galactic chemical evolution model for A(Li) that includes most of the well-known 7Li production and depletion channels.

Results. We confirm that the FGK main-sequence stars belonging to the Milky Way’s thin disk present a bi-modal A(Li) distribution. We demonstrate that this bi-modality can be generated by a particular Milky Way star formation history profile combined with the stellar evolution’s 7Li depletion mechanisms. We show that A(Li) evolution can be used as an additional proxy for the star formation history of our Galaxy.
Überdosis durch ein Pflaster
Authors: Friebe Mathias , Coenen Johanna
Published: September 2021

Anamnese und klinischer Befund Wir berichten über eine 89-jährige Patientin, für die aufgrund einer Bewusstseinsstörung der Notarzt alarmiert wurde. Sie war soporös und zeigte eine deutliche generalisierte Muskelrigidität. Fremdanamnestisch war der fehlerhafte Gebrauch eines Fentanyl-Pflasters zu eruieren.

Therapie und Verlauf Durch die Antidot-Gabe von Naloxon kam es zu einer Restitution. Die Notwendigkeit einer repetitiven Gabe bestätigte die Verdachtsdiagnose.

Folgerung Die Gabe von Fentanyl über die Haut in Form transdermaler therapeutischer Systeme (TTS) erfreut sich seit Jahren einer zunehmenden Beliebtheit. Bei unsachgemäßer Verabreichung treten Intoxikationen mit den führenden Symptomen Bewusstseinsminderung und Atemdepression auf. Dieser Fallbericht ergänzt das Spektrum um den Rigor der quergestreiften Skelettmuskulatur, der sonst im Zusammenhang mit der intravenösen Applikation beschrieben wird.
Descompressão lombar versus fusão espinhal em ambiente ambulatorial privado: Um estudo retrospectivo com três anos de acompanhamento
Authors: Oliveira Isadora Orlando de , Lenza Mario , Antonioli Eliane , Ferretti Mario
Published: September 2021

Objetivo Comparar a dor, a função, a qualidade de vida e os eventos adversos da descompressão lombar e da fusão espinhal em pacientes com patologias degenerativas da coluna vertebral que participaram de um programa de segunda opinião para cirurgias de coluna com acompanhamento de 36 meses.

Métodos Os dados desta coorte retrospectiva foram obtidos de um sistema de saúde privado entre junho de 2011 e janeiro de 2014. A amostra do estudo foi composta por 71 pacientes encaminhados para cirurgia de coluna lombar. Os desfechos para comparações entre a descompressão lombar e a fusão espinhal foram qualidade de vida (avaliada pelo questionário EuroQoL 5D), dor (medida pela Escala Numérica de Classificação de Dor) e função (avaliada pelo Questionário de Incapacidade de Roland Morris) no início do estudo e aos 12 e 36 meses de acompanhamento pós-cirúrgico. As definições de recuperação foram estabelecidas pela diferença mínima clinicamente importante (DMCI). As diferenças basais entre os grupos foram analisadas por teste t não pareado, e as diferenças nas pontuações dos instrumentos entre os momentos, por modelos mistos generalizados. Os resultados foram apresentados como valores médios ajustados pelos modelos e intervalos de confiança de 95%.

Resultados No total, 22 pacientes foram submetidos à artrodese, e 49 pacientes, à descompressão lombar. Quanto às comparações de achados antes e depois das intervenções cirúrgicas, a DMCI foi alcançada em todos os desfechos de qualidade de vida, dor e função nos dois pontos de acompanhamento em relação aos escores basais Em relação às complicações, apenas a descompressão lombar apresentou 4% (n = 3) de taxa cirúrgica de recidiva da hérnia de disco lombar.

Conclusão Pacientes com patologias espinhais degenerativas apresentam melhoras nos desfechos de dor, função e qualidade de vida em longo prazo que são clinicamente significativas e independentes da intervenção cirúrgica.
Impacto da pandemia COVID-19 na prevalência de burnout entre residentes em ortopedia
Authors: Barreto Tainara Machado , Tavares Matheus Rizério , Azi Matheus Lemos , Azi Liana Maria Torres Araujo , Sadgursky David , Alencar Daniel
Published: September 2021

Objetivo O objetivo principal do presente estudo é avaliar o impacto da pandemia de COVID-19 na prevalência da síndrome de burnout entre residentes de ortopedia Como objetivo secundário, foram avaliadas características associadas ao risco de desenvolver a forma grave da síndrome.

Método No presente estudo transversal, foram avaliados residentes antes e durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Estudantes de medicina formaram um grupo de controle. Os participantes responderam a um questionário sociodemográfico, ao Inventário Maslach Burnout, e à versão validada brasileira do Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36). Cinquenta e dois residentes foram avaliados antes da pandemia e 19 durante a pandemia.

Resultados Quarenta e quatro (84,6%) residentes tinham critérios para síndrome de burnout, e a forma grave da síndrome estava presente em 16 (30,7%). Não houve alteração significativa nos escores avaliados após o início da pandemia de COVID-19. Também não houve aumento na prevalência da síndrome de burnout ou da forma grave da síndrome. Observou-se correlação negativa entre os itens SF-36 e o desenvolvimento da forma grave da síndrome de burnout.

Conclusão A prevalência da síndrome de burnout e da forma grave da doença foi muito alta entre os residentes em cirurgia ortopédica. A pandemia de COVID-19 não aumentou o burnout nos residentes.
Condroma intramuscular extraesquelético do joelho – Relato de caso e revisão da literatura
Authors: Zacharia Balaji , Poulose Sanoj , Kurup Govind Sukumara , Pawaskar Siddarth Mahesh
Published: September 2021

Os condromas extraesqueléticos são pequenas lesões cartilaginosas nodulares que não estão aderidas ao osso ou ao periósteo. São tumores raros que ocorrem comumente nas mãos e nos pés. Objetivo deste artigo é descrever um caso de condroma intramuscular extraesquelético (CIE) no joelho esquerdo e os desafios diagnósticos que enfrentamos.

Uma paciente de 25 anos apresentou um edema de crescimento lento no joelho esquerdo havia 2 anos. Clinicamente, o edema era proveniente do músculo quadríceps. Foram consideradas possibilidades como rabdomioma, neurofibroma, e lipoma intramuscular. Os estudos de imagem sugeriram um tumor de gordura benigno. A paciente foi tratada com a excisão cirúrgica. A microscopia indicou CIE sem recorrência.

O CIE é uma lesão rara. Clinicamente, pode ter aspecto semelhante ao de outros tumores benignos dos tecidos moles. A histopatologia pode fornecer um diagnóstico definitivo. A excisão cirúrgica do tumor é curativa.
Técnica WALANT guiada por ultrassom na cirurgia de descompressão do túnel do carpo
Authors: Moreira Sandro B. , Chagas Danilo C. , Yamashita Caetano T.
Published: September 2021

A síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC) é a neuropatia compressiva mais comum do corpo humano. Seus sintomas decorrem da compressão do nervo mediano no carpo. O tratamento pode ser incruento, com medicações e/ou infiltrações que amenizam os sintomas, ou cruento, mais eficaz, com a descompressão do nervo mediano pela seção cirúrgica do retináculo dos flexores do carpo. A técnica anestésica varia de acordo com o serviço de anestesia: sedação, anestesia locorregional venosa e, mais recentemente, a anestesia local com o paciente acordado e sem torniquete (wide-awake local anesthesia no tourniquet, WALANT), que pode ser realizada pelo próprio cirurgião. Por utilizar anestesia local com vasoconstritor, essa técnica dispensa o uso de torniquete no membro superior e a necessidade de sedação. O bloqueio do nervo mediano na WALANT guiada por ultrassonografia confere melhor precisão à técnica, e mais segurança ao paciente, e, neste artigo seu uso na realização da descompressão do túnel do carpo é descrito, e a literatura, revisada.
Compressible vortex ring propagating faster than the speed of sound simulated for the first time
Authors: Frank Jodi Ackerman
Published: September 2021

Numerical model generates a supersonic vortex ring with spectacular secondary ring structures
Structural analysis of receptors and actin polarity in platelet protrusions
Authors: Sorrentino Simona , Conesa Jose Javier , Cuervo Ana , Melero Roberto , Martins Bruno , Fernandez-Gimenez Estrella , de Isidro-Gomez Federico P. , de la Morena Jimenez , Studt Jan-Dirk , Sorzano Carlos Oscar S. , Eibauer Matthias , Carazo Jose Maria , Medalia Ohad
Published: September 2021

Significance

Platelet activation induces reorganization of the cell and the formation of cellular protrusions, pseudopodia. These processes are accompanied by remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and the activation of platelet integrins, which mediate strong adhesion to the extracellular matrix. In this work, we analyzed the actin polarity and integrin architecture in pseudopodia. A nonuniform polarity of actin filaments in pseudopodia indicates that these protrusions may be involved in contractile acto-myosin forces. Heterogeneity in integrin conformation was found, while solely a bent integrin structure was resolved, ∼50 to 70 nm above the support.
Emotional Reactions of Trained Overdose Responders who use Opioids following Intervention in an Overdose Event
Authors: Brandt Laura , Campbell Aimee N. C. , Jones Jermaine D. , Martinez Suky , Neale Joanne , Parkin Stephen , Brown Caral , Strang John , Comer Sandra D.
Published: September 2021

Background: Our aim was to explore emotional reactions to intervening in an overdose event from the perspective of individuals who use opioids (peer responders). In addition, we were interested in the impact this experience may have on peer responders’ feelings about helping in an overdose situation in the future. Methods: For this qualitative sub-study of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), data from 61 interviews were analyzed thematically using an inductive approach. Results: Peer responders had diverse emotional reactions to the overdose event. These ranged from a sense of pride and other positive feelings associated with their ability to help to ambivalence about being involved in situations perceived as challenging and burdensome. There were few reports of the overdose event as an exclusively negative experience. Many peer responders perceived it as their duty to use naloxone again if required. However, some had ambivalent feelings toward this responsibility, which may be related to negative experiences with previous intervention efforts. Conclusions: The capacity of people who use opioids to help reduce the harms associated with opioid overdose is experienced as empowering by some. Nonetheless, engaging peer responders in strategies to reduce opioid-related mortality should be coupled with appropriate resources to process their experiences and emotional responses.
Are policy tools and governance modes coupled? Analysing welfare-to-work reform at the frontline
Authors: Lewis Jenny M , Nguyen Phuc , Considine Mark
Published: September 2021

This paper considers the link between policy tools and governance modes – the characteristic ways frontline staff are meta-governed. It asks: Are substantive policy tools coupled to procedural tools (governance modes) that can guide local service delivery agencies and the work of individuals delivering welfare services? The substantive policy tools in this case are those typically utilised to reform welfare-to-work services: contracting-out of services and competitive tendering, and the regulation of quasi-markets. These are hypothesised to flow through to procedural policy tools in the form of corporate and market incentives and regulatory (bureaucratic) methods that shape how work is done (governance modes), privileging certain practice orientations at the frontline. Policy makers seek to shape these meta-level governance modes because they should result in systemic change, based on a reconfiguration of policy actors and their interrelationships, for both service delivery agencies and the individuals working in them. We identified four ideal-type governance modes (bureaucratic, corporate, market and network) and tracked which of these were dominant in-practice at the frontline in Australia and the UK at two levels: office and personal, at four points in time (1998, 2008, 2012 and 2016). We found that the dominant mode of organisation at the office level was corporate, followed by bureaucratic in both nations. But the bureaucratic mode had grown in strength over time, particularly in Australia, and as a personal priority for staff, as re-regulation occurred. The results indicate a coupling between substantive policy tools and governance modes at the frontline of welfare-to-work.
Should long-term climate change adaptation be focused on smallholders?
Authors: Bukchin-Peles Shira , Fishman Ram
Published: September 2021

Smallholder agriculture employs the majority of the global poor and produces substantial shares of food in developing countries while also being highly vulnerable to environmental change. This makes it a focus of numerous policies for increased productivity and climate change adaptation. Given demographic and economic processes that are likely to reduce smallholder prevalence, how justified is this focus from a long-term perspective? We estimate future global smallholder distributions using historical trends and demographic projections and calculate indices of its future share of climate change impacts. While past trends of decreasing farm size are likely to reverse in Asia and slow down in Africa, we project smallholders will continue to occupy substantial shares of rural populations and cultivated land and bear a sizable portion of climate change impacts, amounting for about 33% (25%) of an index of human exposure to 1 °C (2 °C) warming. However, increased economic possibilities in rural areas can rapidly attenuate these assessments.
Debris flow velocity due to the collapse of natural dam
Authors: Salahuddin S , Maricar F , Lopa R T , Hatta M P
Published: September 2021

Natural dam on Way Ela river was a landslide formation of Ulakhatu mount located at Negeri lima village, Distric Leihutu, Ambon island on 13th July 2012. The natural dam blockage the valley for 300 m wide and 200 m height with total 1,000 m dam area and providing 87 million m3 volume of water storage. Slope failure trigger by slide area on the deeper surface structure leading to landslide. High risk landside increased by the high rainfall intensity of 432 mm/day and causing the failure of natural dam Way Ela. This study aimed to analyse debris flow velocity of the landslide of natural dam. Analysis performed based on debris during using geometric slope with empirical model system. PMF Syndrer-Alexeyev and GAMA-1 method and PMP frequency analysis equation method demonstrated that rainfall intensity data along with recurrent period of 100 years of Qpeak resulting debit volume of 448.85 m3/d. Furthermore, velocity estimation also showed that on 215.66 elevation high, allowable slope degree of (i) 0,005 %, average width of Way Ela river of 79.97 m and Manning’s grain roughness of 0.004 μm would resulting debris flow velocity of 10.98 m/s, and distance from the landslide centre point to the river mouth was 2.5 km. Those data leading to achieve arrival flow time to the residential area of 3.8 minutes. This study results potential as a base data for disaster mitigation due to high risk of debris flow velocity presented by Way Ela river.
Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability and Kidney Function in Participants of the ASPREE Trial
Authors: Ernst Michael E , Fravel Michelle A , Webb Katherine L , Wetmore James B , Wolfe Rory , Chowdhury Enayet , Reid Christopher M , Woods Robyn L , Beilin Lawrence , Margolis Karen L , Murray Anne M , Polkinghorne Kevan R
Published: September 2021

Background

Whether long-term blood pressure variability (BPV) predicts kidney function decline in generally healthy older adults is unknown. We investigated this association in ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) trial participants.

Methods

Between 2010 and 2014, Australian and US individuals aged ≥70 years (≥65 if US minority) were recruited and followed with annual study visits for a median of 4.7 years. Time-to-event analyses and linear mixed effects models were used to examine associations between incident chronic kidney disease (CKD), and trajectories of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and log albumin–creatinine ratio (log ACR) with systolic BPV as a continuous measure, and, by tertile of SD of systolic blood pressure (BP). BPV was estimated using systolic BP measures from baseline through the second annual visit, and kidney outcomes were assessed following this period.

Results

Incident CKD occurred in 1,829 of 6,759 participants (27.2%), and more commonly in BPV tertiles 2 (27.4%) and 3 (28.3%) than tertile 1 (25.5%); however, the risk was not significantly increased after covariate adjustment (tertile 3 hazard ratio = 1.02; 95% confidence interval: 0.91–1.14). Analysis of eGFR (n = 16,193) and log ACR trajectories (n = 15,213) showed individuals in the highest BPV tertile having the lowest eGFR and highest log ACR, cross-sectionally. However, the trajectories of eGFR and log ACR did not differ across BPV tertiles.

Conclusions

CKD and markers of reduced kidney function occur more commonly in individuals with higher BPV; however, BPV does not influence trajectory of decline in kidney function over time in older adults who are in generally good health.

Clinical trials registration

Trial Number NCT01038583 and ISRCTN83772183.
National time trends in mortality and graft survival following liver transplantation from circulatory death or brainstem death donors
Authors: Wallace David , Cowling Thomas E , Suddle Abid , Gimson Alex , Rowe Ian , Callaghan Chris , Sapisochin Gonzalo , Ivanics Tommy , Claasen Marco , Mehta Neil , Heaton Nigel , van der Meulen Jan , Walker Kate
Published: September 2021

Background

Despite high waiting list mortality rates, concern still exists on the appropriateness of using livers donated after circulatory death (DCD). We compared mortality and graft loss in recipients of livers donated after circulatory or brainstem death (DBD) across two successive time periods.

Methods

Observational multinational data from the United Kingdom and Ireland were partitioned into two time periods (2008–2011 and 2012–2016). Cox regression methods were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) comparing the impact of periods on post-transplant mortality and graft failure.

Results

A total of 1176 DCD recipients and 3749 DBD recipients were included. Three-year patient mortality rates decreased markedly from 19.6 per cent in time period 1 to 10.4 per cent in time period 2 (adjusted HR 0.43, 95 per cent c.i. 0.30 to 0.62; P < 0.001) for DCD recipients but only decreased from 12.8 to 11.3 per cent (adjusted HR 0.96, 95 per cent c.i. 0.78 to 1.19; P = 0.732) in DBD recipients (P for interaction = 0.001). No time period-specific improvements in 3-year graft failure were observed for DCD (adjusted HR 0.80, 95% c.i. 0.61 to 1.05; P = 0.116) or DBD recipients (adjusted HR 0.95, 95% c.i. 0.79 to 1.14; P = 0.607). A slight increase in retransplantation rates occurred between time period 1 and 2 in those who received a DCD liver (from 7.3 to 11.8 per cent; P = 0.042), but there was no change in those receiving a DBD liver (from 4.9 to 4.5 per cent; P = 0.365). In time period 2, no difference in mortality rates between those receiving a DCD liver and those receiving a DBD liver was observed (adjusted HR 0.78, 95% c.i. 0.56 to 1.09; P = 0.142).

Conclusion

Mortality rates more than halved in recipients of a DCD liver over a decade and eventually compared similarly to mortality rates in recipients of a DBD liver. Regions with high waiting list mortality may mitigate this by use of DCD livers.
A genetic link between risk for Alzheimer's disease and severe COVID-19 outcomes via the OAS1 gene
Authors: Magusali Naciye , Graham Andrew C , Piers Thomas M , Panichnantakul Pantila , Yaman Umran , Shoai Maryam , Reynolds Regina H , Botia Juan A , Brookes Keeley J , Guetta-Baranes Tamar , Bellou Eftychia , Bayram Sevinc , Sokolova Dimitra , Ryten Mina , Sala Frigerio Carlo , Escott-Price Valentina , Morgan Kevin , Pocock Jennifer M , Hardy John , Salih Dervis A
Published: September 2021

Recently, we reported oligoadenylate synthetase 1 (OAS1) contributed to the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, by its enrichment in transcriptional networks expressed by microglia. However, the function of OAS1 within microglia was not known.

Using genotyping from 1313 individuals with sporadic Alzheimer’s disease and 1234 control individuals, we confirm the OAS1 variant, rs1131454, is associated with increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease. The same OAS1 locus has been recently associated with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes, linking risk for both diseases. The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs1131454(A) and rs4766676(T) are associated with Alzheimer’s disease, and rs10735079(A) and rs6489867(T) are associated with severe COVID-19, where the risk alleles are linked with decreased OAS1 expression. Analysing single-cell RNA-sequencing data of myeloid cells from Alzheimer’s disease and COVID-19 patients, we identify co-expression networks containing interferon (IFN)-responsive genes, including OAS1, which are significantly upregulated with age and both diseases. In human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia with lowered OAS1 expression, we show exaggerated production of TNF-α with IFN-γ stimulation, indicating OAS1 is required to limit the pro-inflammatory response of myeloid cells.

Collectively, our data support a link between genetic risk for Alzheimer’s disease and susceptibility to critical illness with COVID-19 centred on OAS1, a finding with potential implications for future treatments of Alzheimer’s disease and COVID-19, and development of biomarkers to track disease progression.
Mentorship, Critical Autoethnography and the Practices of Self-Reflexivity: Investing in an Academy that Does Not Yet Exist
Authors: Cepeda María Elena
Published: September 2021

I explore the topic of mentorship as a powerful form of feminist contestation from within, particularly for students and faculty of color. Inspired by the scholarship of women of color Communications and Media Studies scholars and specifically the literature on critical autoethnography, I argue for a more self-reflexive approach to mentoring rooted in an awareness of the dynamics of power and in-/exclusion embedded in the smallest of everyday exchanges. I assert that critical autoethnography can serve as a powerful analytical tool for highlighting and contesting historic asymmetries of power within Media Studies, Communications and beyond, in a self-reflexive manner that can radically transform our mentorship and pedagogical practices.
Social Relationship Strength Modulates the Similarity of Brain-to-Brain Representations of Group Members
Authors: Guthrie Taylor D , Benadjaoud Youri Y , Chavez Robert S
Published: September 2021

Within our societies, humans form co-operative groups with diverse levels of relationship quality among individual group members. In establishing relationships with others, we use attitudes and beliefs about group members and the group as a whole to establish relationships with particular members of our social networks. However, we have yet to understand how brain responses to group members facilitate relationship quality between pairs of individuals. We address this here using a round-robin interpersonal perception paradigm in which each participant was both a perceiver and target for every other member of their group in a set of 20 unique groups of between 5 and 6 members in each (total N = 111). Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that measures of social relationship strength modulate the brain-to-brain multivoxel similarity patterns between pairs of participants’ responses when perceiving other members of their group in regions of the brain implicated in social cognition. These results provide evidence for a brain mechanism of social cognitive processes serving interpersonal relationship strength among group members.
Ant Cat Swarm Optimization-Enabled Deep Recurrent Neural Network for Big Data Classification Based on Map Reduce Framework
Authors: Narayana Satyala , Chandanapalli Suresh Babu , Rao Mekala Srinivasa , Srinivas Kalyanapu
Published: September 2021

The amount of data generated is increasing day by day due to the development in remote sensors, and thus it needs concern to increase the accuracy in the classification of the big data. Many classification methods are in practice; however, they limit due to many reasons like its nature for data loss, time complexity, efficiency and accuracy. This paper proposes an effective and optimal data classification approach using the proposed Ant Cat Swarm Optimization-enabled Deep Recurrent Neural Network (ACSO-enabled Deep RNN) by Map Reduce framework, which is the incorporation of Ant Lion Optimization approach and the Cat Swarm Optimization technique. To process feature selection and big data classification, Map Reduce framework is used. The feature selection is performed using Pearson correlation-based Black hole entropy fuzzy clustering. The classification in reducer part is performed using Deep RNN that is trained using a developed ACSO scheme. It classifies the big data based on the reduced dimension features to produce a satisfactory result. The proposed ACSO-based Deep RNN showed improved results with maximal specificity of 0.884, highest accuracy of 0.893, maximal sensitivity of 0.900 and the maximum threat score of 0.827 based on the Cleveland dataset.
Border Collie Cat Optimization for Intrusion Detection System in Healthcare IoT Network Using Deep Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Chandol Mohan Kumar , Rao M Kameswara
Published: September 2021

Attacks are the major problems in the Internet of Things (IoT) applications and communication networks. The undetected intruders affect the availability of the system for end-users, increase identity theft and data breaches. Hence, it is required to detect the attacks in the IoT systems to ensure effective defense and security. In this research, the Border Collie Cat Optimization-based Deep Recurrent Neural Network is proposed to detect intrusion in the IoT networks. Here, the proposed Border Collie Cat Optimization algorithm is derived by the integration of Border Collie Optimization and Cat Swarm Optimization. At first, the messages are authenticated at the authentication phase using the hashing and encryption function. After authenticating the device, the communication between the server and user is carried out at the communication phase to make the IoT device eligible for data transfer within the network. Then, the Deep Recurrent Neural Network classifier is employed to detect the intruders in the IoT network in such a way that the training process is carried out using the proposed Border Collie Optimization algorithm. The proposed approach obtained higher performance with the metrics, like detection rate, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy with the values of 0.9375, 0.9539, 0.8791 and 0.9263, respectively.
Physiological impacts of temperature variability and climate warming in hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis)
Authors: Terrell Kimberly A , Quintero Richard P , Galicia Veronica Acosta , Bronikowski Ed , Evans Matthew , Kleopfer John D , Murray Suzan , Murphy James B , Nissen Bradley D , Gratwicke Brian
Published: September 2021

Cold-adapted hellbender salamanders that inhabit cool mountain streams are expected to fare poorly under warmer projected climate scenarios. This study investigated the physiological consequences of long-term, naturalistic temperature variation on juvenile hellbenders under simulated current and warmer (+1.6 C) climates vs. controlled steady temperatures. Mean temperature and temperature variability were both important predictors of growth as indicated by monthly body mass change (%), stress as indicated by neutrophil:lymphocyte (N:L) ratio and bacteria-killing ability of blood. Cold exposure in hellbenders was associated with weight loss, increased N:L ratios and reduced Escherichia coli killing ability of blood, and these effects were less pronounced under a warmer climate scenario. These observations suggest that cold periods may be more stressful for hellbenders than previously understood. Growth rates peaked in late spring and late fall around 14–17°C. Hellbenders experiencing warmer simulated climates retained body condition better in winter, but this was counter-balanced by a prolonged lack of growth in the 3-month summer period leading up to the fall breeding season where warmer simulated conditions resulted in an average loss of −0.6% body mass/month, compared to a gain +1.5% body mass/month under current climate scenario. Hellbenders can physiologically tolerate projected warmer temperatures and temperature fluctuations, but warmer summers may cause animals to enter the fall breeding season with a caloric deficit that may have population-level consequences.
The Influence of Fine-Scale Grazing Heterogeneity on Dung Beetle Assemblages: What Trait Analysis Teaches Us
Authors: Perrin William , Fontana Simone , Coq Sylvain , Berlioz Laurent , Jay-Robert Pierre , Moretti Marco
Published: September 2021

Livestock grazing puts major anthropogenic pressure on biological communities worldwide. Not all species are expected to be affected in the same way, and the impacts will depend on species’ traits. Focusing on traits thus helps identify the mechanisms underlying changes in community composition under grazing pressures. We investigated how fine-scale grazing heterogeneity affects the trait composition and diversity of dung beetle assemblages in Western Europe. We sampled dung beetles in habitat patches differing in terms of grazing intensity within rangelands of two distinct biogeographical areas: a Mediterranean lowland steppe and Western alpine meadows. We measured five morphological traits expected to respond to the local-scale filtering pressure exerted by variations in grazing intensity. Using individual-based data, we assessed responses in terms of single-trait mean values in communities and complementary trait diversity indices. We found strong shifts in trait composition and diversity between the habitat patches. In both study areas, variations in habitat conditions are likely to have filtered the local occurrence and abundance of dung beetles by the mean of traits such as body mass (which have several functional implications), as well as traits linked to underground activity. We hypothesize that fine-scale variation in resource availability (i.e., droppings) and disturbance intensity (i.e., trampling) are key drivers of the observed patterns in species assemblages. Trait richness peaks at moderate grazing intensity in both study areas, suggesting that patches with an intermediated level of available resources and soil disturbance enable individuals with a greater range of autecological requirements to coexist.
Predictors of mortality in thrombotic thrombocytopenia after adenoviral COVID-19 vaccination: the FAPIC score
Authors: Hwang Jimin , Park Seung Hyun , Lee Seung Won , Lee Se Bee , Lee Min Ho , Jeong Gwang Hun , Kim Min Seo , Kim Jong Yeob , Koyanagi Ai , Jacob Louis , Jung Se Yong , Song Jaewoo , Yon Dong Keon , Shin Jae Il , Smith Lee
Published: September 2021

Aims

The clinical manifestation and outcomes of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) after adenoviral COVID-19 vaccine administration are largely unknown due to the rare nature of the disease. We aimed to analyse the clinical presentation, treatment modalities, outcomes, and prognostic factors of adenoviral TTS, as well as identify predictors for mortality.

Methods and Results

PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched and the resulting articles were reviewed. A total of 6 case series and 13 case reports (64 patients) of TTS after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination were included. We performed a pooled analysis and developed a novel scoring system to predict mortality. The overall mortality of TTS after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination was 35.9% (23/64). In our analysis, age ≤60 years, platelet count <25 × 103/µL, fibrinogen <150 mg/dL, the presence of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), and the presence of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) were significantly associated with death and were selected as predictors for mortality (1 point each). We named this novel scoring system FAPIC (fibrinogen, age, platelet count, ICH, and CVT), and the C-statistic for the FAPIC score was 0.837 (95% CI 0.732–0.942). Expected mortality increased with each point increase in the FAPIC score, at 2.08, 6.66, 19.31, 44.54, 72.94, and 90.05% with FAPIC scores 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. The FAPIC scoring model was internally validated through cross-validation and bootstrapping, then externally validated on a panel of TTS patients after Ad26.COV2.S administration.

Conclusions

Fibrinogen levels, age, platelet count, and the presence of ICH and CVT were significantly associated with mortality in patients with TTS, and the FAPIC score comprising these risk factors could predict mortality. The FAPIC score could be used in the clinical setting to recognize TTS patients at high risk of adverse outcomes and provide early intensive interventions including intravenous immunoglobulins and non-heparin anticoagulants.
Foreign Policy Analysis and Armed Non-State Actors in World Politics: Lessons from the Middle East
Authors: Darwich May
Published: September 2021

The study of armed non-state actors (ANSAs) has grown exponentially in the last two decades. This article explores the foreign policy of ANSAs as a new empirical domain for foreign policy analysis (FPA) by drawing on various examples from the Middle East to show the merit of this area for novel empirical and theoretical studies. The article identifies the domain of ANSAs’ foreign policy showing how FPA research has so far remained state-centric and almost completely ignores ANSAs. While the external engagement of ANSAs were examined within the scholarship on civil wars, FPA can be adapted to provide systematic scholarly understanding of this phenomenon. Finally, the article explores how studying ANSAs’ foreign policies can revitalize FPA and drive its agenda into new directions.
Sleep Duration, Health Promotion Index, sRAGE, and ApoE-ε4 Genotype Are Associated With Telomere Length in Healthy Australians
Authors: Dhillon Varinderpal S , Deo Permal , Chua Ann , Thomas Phil , Fenech Michael
Published: September 2021

Significant alterations in sleep duration and/or quality of sleep become more pronounced as people get older. Poor sleep in elderly people is associated with adverse health outcomes and cellular aging. We examined the relationship between telomere length (TL) and sleep duration, Health Promotion Index (HPI), and tested whether the presence of Apolipoprotein-E4 (ApoE-ε4) allele affects both sleep and TL. The present study was carried out in 174 healthy participants (21% male; mean age 53.79 years) from South Australia. Lymphocyte TL was measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and ApoE genotype was determined by TaqMan assay. HPI was calculated from a questionnaire regarding 8 lifestyle habits, including sleeping hours. Multivariate regression analysis was used to establish these associations adjusted for specified confounders. TL was found to be inversely associated with age (r = −0.199; p = .008) and body mass index (r = −0.121; p = .11), and was significantly shorter in participants who slept for less than 7 hours (p = .001) relative to those sleeping ≥7 hours. TL was positively correlated with HPI (r = 0.195; p = .009). ApoE-ε4 allele carriers who slept for less than 7 hours had shortest TL (p = .01) compared to noncarriers. Plasma soluble receptor for advanced glycation end product (sRAGE) level was significantly (p = .001) lower in individuals who sleep less than 7 hours and ApoE-ε4 carriers. Our results suggest that inadequate sleep duration or poor HPI is associated with shorter TL in cognitively normal people and that carriage of APOE-ε4 genotype may influence the extent of these effects.