bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How can we minimize the risks by optimizing patient's condition shortly before thoracic surgery?
Authors: Ellenberger Christoph , Schorer Raoul , Bedat Benoit , Hagerman Andres , Triponez Frederic , Karenovics Wolfram , Licker Marc
Published: June 2021

The “moderate-to-high-risk” surgical patient is typically older, frail, malnourished, suffering from multiple comorbidities and presenting with unhealthy life style such as smoking, hazardous drinking and sedentarity. Poor aerobic fitness, sarcopenia and “toxic” behaviors are modifiable risk factors for major postoperative complications. The physiological challenge of lung cancer surgery has been likened to running a marathon. Therefore, preoperative patient optimization or “ prehabilitation “ should become a key component of improved recovery pathways to enhance general health and physiological reserve prior to surgery. During the short preoperative period, the patients are more receptive and motivated to adhere to behavioral interventions (e.g., smoking cessation, weaning from alcohol, balanced food intake and active mobilization) and to follow a structured exercise training program. Sufficient protein intake should be ensured (1.5–2 g/kg/day) and nutritional defects should be corrected to restore muscle mass and strength. Currently, there is strong evidence supporting the effectiveness of various modalities of physical training (endurance training and/or respiratory muscle training) to enhance aerobic fitness and to mitigate the risk of pulmonary complications while reducing the hospital length of stay. Multimodal interventions should be individualized to the patient's condition. These bundle of care are more effective than single or sequential intervention owing to synergistic benefits of education, nutritional support and physical training. An effective prehabilitation program is necessarily patient-centred and coordinated among health care professionals (nurses, primary care physician, physiotherapists, nutritionists) to help the patient regain some control over the disease process and improve the physiological reserve to sustain surgical stress.
Inhalational versus intravenous anesthetics during one lung ventilation in elective thoracic surgeries
Authors: Parab Swapnil , Gaikwad Sheetal , Majeti Saratchandra
Published: June 2021

The anesthesia regimen used during one lung ventilation (OLV) carry the potential to affect intra-operative course and post-operative outcomes, by its effects on pulmonary vasculature and alveolar inflammation. This narrative review aims to understand the pathophysiology of acute lung injury during one lung ventilation, and to study the effects of inhalational versus intravenous anaesthetics on intraoperative and post-operative outcomes, following thoracic surgery. For this purpose, we independently searched 'PubMed', 'Google Scholar' and 'Cochrane Central' databases to find out randomized controlled trials (RCTs), in English language, which compared the effects of intravenous versus inhalational anaesthetics on intraoperative and post-operative outcomes, in elective thoracic surgeries, in human beings. In total, 38 RCTs were included in this review. Salient results of the review are- Propofol reduced intraoperative shunt and maintained better intraoperative oxygenation than inhalational agents. However, use of modern inhalational anaesthetics during OLV reduced alveolar inflammation significantly, as compared to propofol. Regarding post-operative complications, the evidence is not conclusive enough but slightly in favour of inhalational anaesthetics. Thus, we conclude that modern inhalational anaesthetics, by their virtue of better anti-inflammatory properties, exhibit lung protective effects and hence, seem to be safe for maintenance of anesthesia during OLV in elective thoracic surgeries. Further research is required to establish the safety of these agents with respect to long term post-operative outcomes like cancer recurrence.
Impact of regional analgesia techniques on the long-term clinical outcomes following thoracic surgery
Authors: Khidr Alaa M. , Senturk Mert , El-Tahan Mohamed R.
Published: June 2021

Continuous monitoring of clinical outcomes after thoracotomy is very important to improve medical services and to reduce complications. The use of regional analgesia techniques for thoracotomy offers several advantages in the perioperative period including effective pain control, reduced opioid consumption and associated side effects, enhanced recovery, and improved patient satisfaction. Postthoracotomy complications, such as chronic postthoracotomy pain syndrome, postthoracotomy ipsilateral shoulder pain, pulmonary complications, recurrence, and unplanned admission to the intensive care unit are frequent and may be associated with poor outcomes and mortality. The role of regional techniques to reduce the incidence of these complications is questionable. This narrative review aims to investigate the impact of regional analgesia on the long-term clinical outcomes after thoracotomy.
Enhanced recovery after thoracic anesthesia
Authors: Senturk Mert , Sungur Zerrin
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the concept of “Perioperative Medicine” has been evolved to a more concrete and sophisticated approach called “Enhanced Recovery After Surgery” (ERAS). ERAS has been first introduced in colorectal surgery by a dedicated leading ERAS® society, ERAS-criteria has been subsequently extended into several types of surgery, including thoracic surgery. Anesthesiology has always been one of the most important components of the multidisciplinary perioperative approaches, which is also valid for ERAS. There are several guidelines published on the enhanced recovery after thoracic surgery (ERATS). This article focuses on the “official” ERATS protocols of a joint consensus of two different societies. Regarding thoracic anesthesia, there are some challenges to be dealt with. The first challenge, although there is a large number of studies published on thoracic anesthesia, only a very few of them have studied the overall outcome and quality of recovery; and only few of them were powered enough to provide sufficient evidence. This has led to the fact that some components of the protocol are debatable. The second challenge, the adherence to individual elements and the overall compliance are poorly reported and also hard to apply even in the best organized centers. This article explains and discusses the debatable viewpoints on the elements of the ERATS protocol published in 2019 aiming to achieve a list for the future steps required for a more effective and evidence-based ERATS protocol.
Anesthesia for thoracic surgery in infants and children
Authors: Murray-Torres Teresa M. , Winch Peter D. , Naguib Aymen N. , Tobias Joseph D.
Published: June 2021

The management of infants and children presenting for thoracic surgery poses a variety of challenges for anesthesiologists. A thorough understanding of the implications of developmental changes in cardiopulmonary anatomy and physiology, associated comorbid conditions, and the proposed surgical intervention is essential in order to provide safe and effective clinical care. This narrative review discusses the perioperative anesthetic management of pediatric patients undergoing noncardiac thoracic surgery, beginning with the preoperative assessment. The considerations for the implementation and management of one-lung ventilation (OLV) will be reviewed, and as will the anesthetic implications of different surgical procedures including bronchoscopy, mediastinoscopy, thoracotomy, and thoracoscopy. We will also discuss pediatric-specific disease processes presenting in neonates, infants, and children, with an emphasis on those with unique impact on anesthetic management.
Anesthesia for robotic thoracic surgery
Authors: Gonsette Kimberly , Tuna Turgay , Szegedi Laszlo L.
Published: June 2021

The management of the robotic thoracic surgical patient requires the knowledge of minimally invasive surgery techniques involving the chest. Over the past decade, robotic-assisted thoracic surgery has grown, and, in the future, it will take an important place in the treatment of complex thoracic pathologies. The enhanced dexterity and three-dimensional visualization make it possible to do this in the small space of the thoracic cavity. Familiarity with the robotic surgical system by the anesthesiologists is mandatory. Management of a long period of one-lung ventilation with a left-sided double-lumen endotracheal tube or an independent bronchial blocker is required, along with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy techniques (best continuous monitoring). Correct patient positioning and prevention of complications such as eye or nerve or crashing injuries while the robotic system is used is mandatory. Recognition of the hemodynamic effects of carbon dioxide during insufflation in the chest is required. Cost is higher and outcome is not yet demonstrated to be better as compared to video-assisted thoracic surgery. The possibility for conversion to open thoracotomy should also be kept in mind. Teamwork is mandatory, as well as good communication between all the actors of the operating theatre.
Post-thoracotomy analgesia
Authors: Mijatovic Desimir , Bhalla Tarun , Farid Ibrahim
Published: June 2021

Thoracotomy is considered one of the most painful operative procedures. Due to anatomical complexity, post-thoracotomy pain requires multimodal perioperative treatment to adequately manage to ensure proper postoperative recovery. There are several different strategies to control post-thoracotomy pain including interventional techniques, such as neuraxial and regional injections, and conservative treatments including medications, massage therapy, respiratory therapy, and physical therapy. This article describes different strategies and evidence base for their use.
Lung separation in adult thoracic anesthesia
Authors: Huybrechts Isabelle , Tuna Turgay , Szegedi Laszlo L.
Published: June 2021

Thoracic anesthesia is mainly the world of OLV during anesthesia. The indications for OLV, classified as absolute or relative are more representative of the new concepts in OLV: It includes either the separation or the isolation of the lungs. Modern DLTs are most widely employed worldwide to perform OLV including the concept of one lung separation. Endobronchial blockers are a valid alternative to DLTs, and they are mandatory in the education of lung separation and in case of predicted difficult airways as they are the safest approach (with an awake intubation with an SLT through a FOB). Every general anesthesiologist should know how to insert a left-sided DLT, but he/she should also have in his technical luggage and toolbox, basic knowledge and minimal expertise with BBs, this option being considered a suitable alternative, particularly in emergency situation where the patient is already intubated and/or in case of difficult airways. One should keep in mind that extubation or re-intubation after DLT might be difficult too, and additional intubation tools are necessary for the safety conditions.
Education in thoracic anesthesia. Lessons learned from the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology (EACTA) programs
Authors: Khidr Alaa M. , El-Tahan Mohamed R.
Published: June 2021

Technology advancements provide several surgical approaches including thoracoscopic and robotic-assisted thoracic surgery. That adds more challenges for the thoracic anesthesiologists with the required high-level of skills and competencies in the anesthetic, airway management, lung isolation and separation, ventilation, and perioperative analgesic techniques. Thoracic anesthesia has gained the attraction of many anesthesiologists to being specialized in that subspecialty. That raise the concerns about the requirements and structure of formal training into thoracic anesthesia in the United States and Europe regarding. This narrative review aims to analyze the lessons learned from the European Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthesiology (EACTA) in terms of the current situation, requirements, limitations, competencies, teaching techniques, assessment, and certification.
YAŞLI İHMAL VE İSTİSMARINA YÖNELİK MÜDAHALE
Authors: İŞLER Güle
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı yaşlı ihmal ve istismarına müdahalenin önemini ortaya koymaktır. Araştırma derleme bir çalışma olup yaşlı bireylere yönelik uygulanan kötü muameleye müdahale sürecine odaklanmış ve buna yönelik modellere değinilmiştir. Yaşlılara yönelik kötü muameleye müdahale sürecinde multidisipliner değerlendirme ve çalışmanın önemli olduğuna vurgu yapılmaktadır. Sosyal hizmet müdahalesinde yapılan öncelikli vurgu ise mağdurun maruz kaldığı şiddeti hafifletme, öncelikli hizmetleri planlama ve müracaatçının güvenliğini sağlama konusunda müdahaledir. Buna ek olarak kolluk kuvvetleri, sağlık hizmetleri, aile içi şiddet programları ile ilişkili olan meslek grupları arasında geliştirilen iş birliği ağının da müdahale aşamasında belirleyici olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmada müdahale modelleri ışığında, teoriler kapsamında ve iş birliği içerisinde yapılan müdahalenin yanında konunun yasal boyutu da değerlendirilmiş ve gerekli görüldüğü takdirde tıbbı müdahalenin de göz önünde bulundurulması gerektiği açıklanmıştır. Müdahale aşamasında yer alan başta sosyal hizmet alanında çalışan meslek elemanlarının ve konu ile ilişkili diğer bütün meslek elemanlarının sorumluluk üstlenmesi gerektiği ve multidisipliner bir yaklaşım perspektifiyle hareket edilmesinin etkililiği üzerinde durulmuştur. Çalışmada aktarılan söz konusu bilgilerin politika oluşturma sürecine ve yaşlılara sunulan hizmetlere katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
COVİD-19 PANDEMİ SÜRECİNDE SAĞLIK ANKSİYETESİ, YAŞAM DOYUMU ve İLİŞKİLİ DEĞİŞKENLER
Authors: AVÇİN Emel , ERKOÇ Beyza
Published: June 2021

İçinde bulunduğumuz pandemi sürecinde bireylerin sağlık anksiyetesinin yaşam doyumu üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırma, tanımlayıcı nitelikte ve kesitsel tipte gerçekleştirilmiştir. 08.01-12.02.2021 tarihleri arasında mesaj ya da mail yolu ile “Google form” bağlantısı olarak veri toplama formu gönderilmiş ve katılmayı kabul eden 18-65 yaş arası 405 erişkine ulaşılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında, “Katılımcı Bilgi Formu”, “Sağlık Anksiyetesi Ölçeği” ve “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Veriler SPSS 20.0 programı ile değerlendirilmiştir. Katılımcıların 219 (%54.1)’u kadın, 186 (%45.9)’sı erkektir. Kadınların sağlık anksiyetesi ölçek puanı (27.09±12.79) erkeklerden (19.61±11.06) yüksek çıkmıştır ve aralarında anlamlı farklılık bulunmuştur (p˂0.001). Katılımcılardan Covid-19 tanısı almış olanların yaşam doyumu tanı almayanlara göre daha düşüktür ve aralarında anlamlı fark belirlenmiştir (p=0.040). Katılımcıların sağlık anksiyeteleri arttıkça yaşam doyumlarının azaldığı, aralarında negatif yönlü bir etki ve anlamlı ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir (r=-.103; p=.039). Araştırma sonucuna göre sağlık anksiyetesinin artmasının yaşam doyumunu azalttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
GENÇLERİN BAĞLANMA STİLLERİ İLE EŞ SEÇİMİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BABAHANOĞLU Rasim
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı; gençlik merkezlerinden hizmet alan gençlerin bağlanma stilleri ile eş seçmede öncelikleri ve çeşitli sosyodemografik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir.

Bu araştırma, nicel desende tasarlanmış olup ilişkisel tarama modelinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmanın evreni, Konya Selçuklu ilçesinde bulunan Kılıçarslan ve Talha Bayrakçı Gençlik Merkezlerine gelen gençlerden oluşmaktadır. Basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi ile 608 katılımcının anketleri değerlendirmeye alınmış ve gerekli analizler yapılmıştır.

Araştırmada, korelasyon analizi yapılmış olup ve katılımcıların bağlanma stilleri durumu ile eş seçme öncelikleri arasında pozitif yönden bir ilişkinin olduğu saptanmıştır. Ayrıca, katılımcıların cinsiyet değişkeni ile güvenli bağlanma alt boyutu toplam puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı bir farklılık saptanmıştır. Kadınların almış oldukları toplam puanın erkeklerinkine göre daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Benzer bir sonuç da eş seçmede öncelikler ölçeğinin toplam puan ortalaması ile katılımcıların cinsiyet değişkeni arasında anlamlı bir farklılık tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre, kadınların almış oldukları puan erkeklere göre daha yüksek çıkmıştır.

Sonuç olarak güvenli bağlanmanın, yaşamın bütün süreçleri üzerinde etkisi olduğu gibi özellikle eş seçimi üzerinde de tesirli olduğu saptanmıştır. Dolayısıyla, bebeklikten itibaren gelişen ve devam eden bağlanma stilleri, özellikle güvenli bağlanmanın kişi ya da kişilerin gelecekte yapacakları her türlü planların yapılmasında, isabetli ve mantıklı kararların verilmesinde oldukça etkili olduğu varsayılmaktadır.
PALYATİF BAKIM MERKEZLERİ KAPSAMINDA VERİLEN PSİKOSOSYAL DESTEK HİZMETLERİ: SOSYAL HİZMET UZMANLARI VE PSİKOLOGLARIN GÖZÜNDEN NİTEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: KANGALGİL BALTA Gökben , BEKİROĞLU Seval
Published: June 2021

Psikososyal destek hizmetleri, sağlığın psikososyal boyutunun bir gereği olarak palyatif bakım alanında önemli bir yer edinmektedir. Bununla birlikte ülkemizde palyatif bakım kapsamında sunulan psikososyal destek hizmetleri özelinde gerçekleştirilen bir çalışmaya rastlanmamaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, yaşamı tehdit eden hastalığa sahip bireylere ve bu bireylerin yakınlarına palyatif bakım merkezleri aracılığıyla sunulan psikososyal destek hizmetlerinin bu hizmetleri sunan sosyal hizmet uzmanları ve psikologların deneyimlerinden yola çıkılarak derinlemesine incelenmesidir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi ile tasarlanan araştırmada, sosyal hizmet uzmanları ve psikologlardan oluşan toplam 18 katılımcı araştırmanın çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Katılımcıların çoğunun palyatif bakım alanında eğitime sahip olmadıkları, palyatif bakım merkezlerinde konsültasyon yolu ile çalıştıkları anlaşılmıştır. Palyatif bakım sürecinde bireylerin yaşadıkları psikososyal sorunlar noktasında sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının bireyleri ihtiyaç duydukları hizmetlerle buluşturma ve bağlantılandırma boyutunda, psikologların ise psikolojik destek boyutunda daha aktif oldukları görülmüştür. Katılımcıların palyatif bakım merkezleri kapsamında hizmet sunarken birçok güçlük yaşadıkları, bu güçlükler karşısında ise çeşitli baş etme yöntemlerine başvurdukları anlaşılmıştır. Katılımcıların belirttikleri görüşlerin palyatif bakım merkezlerinde sunulan psikososyal destek hizmetlerine ilişkin düzenlemelere katkıda bulunacağı ve palyatif bakımda psikososyal destek hizmetlerinin önemini ortaya koyacağı düşünülmektedir.
EKLEMELİ İMALAT YÖNTEMİYLE ÜRETİLMİŞ BAL PETEKLİ YAPILARIN TİTREŞİM DAVRANIŞLARININ NÜMERİK VE DENEYSEL OLARAK İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ATLIHAN Gökmen , OVALI İsmail , EREN Abdullah
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmada, otomotiv sanayisinde kullanılabilecek PLA (Poli-Laktik Asit) malzemesinin yapısı hücresel hibrit malzeme olan bal petekli yapılardan üretilmiş kirişlerin doğal frekans değerleri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışmada dörtgen, beşgen, altıgen ve yuvarlak gibi farklı çekirdek yapısındaki petekler ile bunların kombinasyonu olan altıgen-dörtgen(kare)-daire ve beşgen-altıgen-daire gibi çeşitli bal petekli kirişlerin tasarımı ve üretimi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Üretimi gerçekleştirilen kirişin nümerik (Ansys) ve deneysel titreşim analizleri yapılıp oluşan doğal frekans değerleri karşılaştırılması yapılarak titreşim mod değerlerinin birbirine yakın olduğu görülmüştür. Oluşturulan ankastre mesnetli kirişlerde, bal peteği yapılarının şekillerine göre aynı hacim ve yapıda olanların doğal frekans değerlerinin değiştirilebileceği gösterilmiştir.
The educational research landscape on GIS integration and challenges – globally and in South Africa
Authors: Fleischmann Elfrieda M-L , van der Westhuizen Christo P.
Published: June 2021

As Geographic Information Systems (GIS) have only been included in the curriculum in the last decade, many educators globally struggle to integrate GIS practice into their teaching strategies. Following the global trend, South African educators might feel ill-equipped as they did not receive formal GIS training in a higher education institution. This paper highlights key global and South African challenges regarding GIS integration. To compare the challenges that South Africa faces with those experienced elsewhere, this mixed-method study gleaned data from student educators (n=78) who completed a questionnaire regarding their GIS FET Phase education, followed by in-depth interviews with FET Phase educators (n=10) and two provincial heads of Geography for the Department of Basic Education (DBE). Results from this study indicate a clear global and national pattern of barrier categories.
Características mecánicas de los agentes adhesivos en dientes con dentinogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Giraldo Jorge Eliecer Patiño , Marín Camilo Andrés Agudelo , Sanmigue Juan David Ospina , Torres José Julián Ramírez
Published: June 2021

Introducción: El desarrollo de la odontología conservadora ha generado el surgimiento y evolución de los sistemas adhesivos; los procesos de adhesión dependen del material, la experiencia del operador, las características del tejido y del control de las condiciones locales. La dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) es una condición del desarrollo del diente que afecta el tejido dentinario, en la cual se ven comprometidas tanto la dentición temporal como permanente. Objetivos: Evaluar el comportamiento mecánico de los sistemas adhesivos en dientes sanos y dientes con DI. Materiales y métodos: Se realizaron 10 pruebas de microtensión en dientes sanos y 10 pruebas de microtensión en dientes con DI; Se verificó la distribución normal de los datos con la prueba Kolmororov – Smirnof, Se utilizó la prueba t student para analizar las diferencias entre los grupos con respecto a  los valores de microtensión, además se utilizó la prueba taub de Kendall para establecer correlación entre dientes y tipo de falla. Resultados: Los dientes con dentinogenesis imperfecta presentan un grado de adhesión significativamente menor con respecto a los dientes sanos. Conclusión: Los dientes con DI presentan fallas en la adhesión debido a la estructura macro y microscópica, sin embargo, presentaron cierto grado de adhesión.
Stress, online courses and parenting during COVID19 pandemic
Authors: Stănescu Monica
Published: June 2021

In March 2020, the World Health Organisation declares a pandemic of infection with the novel coronavirus (nCoV) COVID-19 and on 23rd of April the first official report on its evolution and effects emerges. A state of medical emergency and quarantine is imposed in all affected countries. This study proposed a research of what parenting entails and which are the implications of parenting in a crisis context for young people, particularly how perceived parental support and perceived support work on the relationship between stress on one hand, and depression and anxiety on the other hand, especially for those who study online due to context. The proposed sample consists of 104 students aged 18 to 25. Participants self-reported on their attitude towards online school, perceived stress levels, perceived parental and maternal support and anxiety and depression levels. The procedure consists of completing online questionnaires. The statistical procedure used is the mediation analysis. The results show that there is a partial mediation effect of perceived parental support and perceived parental support in the relationship between stress and anxiety, and the attitude towards the online academic races leave to an increase in perceived stress levels. These results could be used for programs to prevent the negative effects associated with online school and the effects of long-term social isolation, as well as for psychological education and parenting programs in emergency situation.
Burnout, empathy and well-being in medical and psychology students
Authors: Chiracu Adrian , Iordan Dumitru Andreea Dona
Published: June 2021

The present study aims to analyze the relationships between burnout, empathy and the well-being of medical and psychology students, as well as the differences in these variables depending on their specialization. The study was attended by 270 students, 94 males (35%) and 176 females (65%), aged between 18 and 48 years, M = 20.84, SD =3.26. Regarding the specialization, 83 are enrolled at the Faculty of Dentistry Titu Maiorescu (31%), 73 are enrolled at the Faculty of General Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila (27%), and 114 are enrolled at the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Bucharest (42%). Burnout was measured with the Academic Burnout Scale (Zhang, Shi, Yun, Li, Wang, He, & Miao, 2015), empathy was measured with the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, JSE (Hojat, Maxwell, Carroll, & Cass, 2016), and well-being was measured with The Satisfaction with Life Scale, SWLS (Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985). The results showed that medical students have higher levels of burnout than psychology students and lower levels of empathy and well-being. Empathy also moderates the relationship between burnout and well- being. These results can be used to develop intervention programs to reduce burnout and increase students' empathy in order to increase well-being.
Evaluation of efficacy of the amino acid-peptide complex administered intragastrically to golden hamsters experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Laptev DS , Protasova GA , Petunov SG , Radilov AS , Chepur SV , Gogolevskiy AS , Myasnikov VA , Tyunin MA , Smirnova AV
Published: June 2021

The development of coronavirus infection outbreak into a pandemic, coupled with the lack of effective COVID-19 therapies, is a challenge for the entire pharmaceutical industry. This study aimed to assess the treatment and preventive efficacy of the amino acid-peptide complex (APC) in male Syrian hamsters infected with SARSCoV-2 (intranasal administration of 26 μl of the virus culture, titer of 4 × 104 TCD50/ml). In a modeled COVID-19 case, APC administered for treatment and preventive purposes reduced lung damage. Compared to the positive control group, test group had the lung weight factor 15.2% smaller (trend), which indicates a less pronounced edema. Microscopic examination revealed no alveolar edema, atypical hypertrophied forms of type II alveolocytes, pulmonary parenchyma fibrinization. The macrophage reaction intensified, which is probably a result of the APC-induced activation of regenerative processes in the lung tissues. Spleens of the animals that received APC for therapeutic and preventive purposes were less engorged and had fewer hemorrhages. The decrease of body weight of the test animals that received APC for treatment and prevention was insignificant (p < 0.05), which indicates a less severe course of COVID-19. Administered following a purely therapeutic protocol, APC proved ineffective against SARS-CoV-2 post-infection. Thus, APC-based drug used as a therapeutic and preventive agent reduces pulmonary edema and makes morphological signs of lung tissue damage less pronounced in male Syrian hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2.
Potential Use of Cell Free Fetal DNA at 13 Short Tandem Repeats Loci for Noninvasive Prenatal Paternity Test
Authors:   Forensic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia, Manela Citra
Published: June 2021

Background : Prenatal paternity test is mostly performed by using Amniocentesis or Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) methods. However, these methods require invasive procedures, which are potentially harmful for both the mother and the fetus. Currently, the invention of of Cell-Free Fetal DNA (cffDNA) has offered the opportunity of performing prenatal paternity test non-invasively. Materials and Methods : This study is a cross sectional descriptive study to detect cell free fetal DNA at 13 STR loci and at amelogenin gene to evaluate fetus gender, which will be compared to the baby gender afterbirth. Healthy third semester pregnant women were included as participants. Inform consent for both the mother and the biological father has been provided. Result : Four participants has been evaluated. In this study, in all participants, we found the presence of cffDNA in almost all of the STR loci. Some loci cannot be detected due to the small amount of cffDNA in the loci. All fetus genders detected by cffDNA in the amelogenin gene macthed the gender of the four babies afterbirth. Conclusion : The use of Cell-Free Fetal DNA (cffDNA) is a potential non-invasive methods in prenatal paternity test. Additionally, the ability of the method to evaluate fetus gender has been suggested.
Knowledge and Practice about Pre-lacteal Feeding and Weaning of Mother’s in a Slum Area in Rajshahi, Bangladesh
Authors:   Medical officer Alternative Medical Care, Rajshahi Medical College Hospital Rajshahi, Bangladesh., Rahman Md. Ataur
Published: June 2021

Background: A pre-lacteal feed is any food other than mother's milk provided to a new-born before breastfeeding begins. It has an effect on the timing of breastfeeding initiation and exclusive breastfeeding activities. Pre-lacteal feeding decreases the immunological benefits derived from colostrum while also increasing the risk of infection. Pre-lacteal feeding is a dangerous infant feeding technique that is commonly used in the developing world, including Bangladesh. The present study might help us to become well aware of the correct weaning practices by the rural mothers, their beliefs and their customs and thus may guide us regarding the ways to improve the nutritional status of the rural children as well as to improve the knowledge and practice regarding pre-lacteal feeding and weaning of the mothers. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional type of descriptive study carried out with a view to assess knowledge and practice about pre-lacteal feeding and weaning of the mothers living in slums areas in Rajshahi, Bangladesh, duration was 8 months from May, 2014 to December, 2014. All the mothers living in slum areas in Rajshahi constituted the study population, sample size was 350 and purposive sampling technique was followed. A partially structured questionnaire duly pre-tested was used to collect data by face to face interview. Results: In this study most (57.7%) of the respondent had two children, (48.6%) mentioned honey as pre-lacteal food, (47.5%) of the respondents told that pre-lacteal feeding was given due to tradition and (49.7%) considered malnutrition as the effect of not giving colostrum’s. Regarding time of weaning, (55.7%) of the respondents mentioned that the babies should be weaned at the time of more than 6 months, hotchpotch (khichuri) was considered as common weaning food consisting of (40.0%). About 49.0% of the respondents considered malnutrition as the effect of improper weaning, most (67.6%) of the respondents considered honey as pre lacteal food and hotchpotch (37.8%) was regarded as the common type of weaning food, most (73.71%) of the respondents knew about pre-lacteal food, weaning was known to almost all (99.14%) of the respondents, pre-lacteal food was given to the baby by majority (73.14%) of the respondents and almost all (99.71%) of the respondents weaned their babies. There was relationship between occupation of the respondent's husband and giving pre-lacteal food to their babies (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Pre-lacteal feeding was found to be more prevalent in slums in Rajshahi. Pre-lacteal feeding activity was closely linked to lower levels of schooling, increased family size, failure to attend ANC, and refusal to feed colostrum. As a result, improving mothers' educational status, reducing family size, encouraging ANC follow-up, and colostrum feeding are all effective ways to avoid prelacteal feeding.
Antibacterial Potential Test of Basil Leaf (Ocimum Basilicum) Against Enterococcus Faecalis ATCC 29212
Authors:   Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia, Prisinda Diani
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Bacteria and their virulence factors are the main causes of apical periodontitis after endodontic treatment. The bacteria that is often found and considered as pathogens in root canals after endodontic treatment is Enterococcus faecalis. The main goal of endodontic treatment is the elimination of microorganisms and preventing re-infection after root canal treatment which can be achieved through mechanical-chemical debridement using an irrigation solution. Basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) which is an herbal plant are thought to have antibacterial compounds that can inhibit Enterococcus faecalis. This research was conducted to determine the antibacterial potential of the n-hexane extract of basil leaves against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Methods: This experimental laboratory study tested the effectiveness of n-hexane extract of basil leaves (Ocimum basilicum) against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 using disk diffusion method with three times of repetition. Results: The results of this study indicated that the n-hexane extract of basil leaves did not have an inhibition zone against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212. Discussion: The concentration of n-hexane extract of basil leaves was not directly proportional to the diameter of the resulting inhibition zone. This is due to several factors that can affect the test results. Conclusion: The n-hexane extract of basil leaves does not have antibacterial potential effect against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212.
Human Rights of Women under Cameroonian Customary Law: The Need for Change
Authors:   Senior Lecturer: Department Of English Law, Faculty Of Laws And Political Science, Amandong Dr. Egute Matthew ,   University Of Yaounde Ii, Soa – Cameroon.
Published: June 2021

Human Rights are those rights which are inherent in our nature and without which we cannot live as human beings. The sad fact remains that despite the guarantee of human rights by the Constitution of Cameroon and international treaties, the female half of humanity remains subject to distinctive and continuous forms of abuses, injustice and violence as well as to an enormous range of legal disabilities and discrimination. Our findings revealed that most of the abuses against the women in Cameroon are perpetuated under customary law by the men who see themselves more superior than the women. These abuses take the form of domestic violence and torture, the refusal of the right of inheritance, control and ownership of landed property, ignoring of the woman’s right of consent before marriage, infant betrothal, shaving of hair and sleeping on the floor by a widow after the death of the husband, female genital mutilation and above all, asking a widow to drink the water that was used to wash her husband’s corpse in a bid to prove her innocence that she did not killed her husband. We consider all of these dehumanizing moreover as the woman ceases legally to be a person upon her marriage. Her personality is thus submerged into that of her husband and she becomes the husband’s property. The life of women is thus unfulfilled in many ways and they have accepted this as the natural way of life. There is thus a need for change. This is possible through a careful study and implementation by Cameroon Government of the recommendations that have suggested in the write-up.
Preserve and Promote the Values Cultural Belief of the Khmer People in An Giang Province, Vietnam
Authors: Chi Hai Nguyen
Published: June 2021

Cultural belief is a unique feature that has an important value in the spiritual life of the Khmer people in An Giang province. It is a bold combination of indigenous and religious colors, most of the Khmer in An Giang believe in Buddhism, taking it as one of their ways of life, as solid spiritual support to adjust behavior, and handling interpersonal, interpersonal, and social relationships. Cultural beliefs have created for the Khmer in An Giang to have a rich, unique spiritual life, bringing their own identity, contributing to diversity in the culture of the country. The article aims to highlight the manifestations of cultural belief and point out the values of cultural belief in the spiritual life of Khmer people in An Giang province, offering some solutions to contribute to preserving, preserving the cultural belief of the Khmer people. Thereby, to preserve and promote cultural beliefs in the spiritual life of the Khmer people in An Giang province in the trend of international integration.
Digital Technologies on Mathematics Education at the Covid-19 Lockdown Situation in India
Authors: Das Kaushik
Published: June 2021

This paper introduces digital technologies and mathematics education at the Covid-19 Lockdown situation in India. The researcher focused on ICT-based tools or techniques for supporting innovative teaching and learning processes in mathematics and the study of these processes including the support that has to be given to teachers and educators. Researchers involved in mathematics education with digital technologies are especially touchy to the problems raised by the current fragmentation of the field. ICT-based technologies are likewise going to be the extraordinary friend in need of the socio-economic in rural India. The data were analyzed using both descriptive and as well as inferential statistics and the methodology of the study is a mixed type involving interpretative, analytical study of documents,  survey questionnaire and study both primary & secondary sources, like books, university news, expert opinion, articles, journals, thesis, and websites, etc. Finally, meaningful suggestions are offered.
China and India’s Comparative Response to the 2017 Rohingya Crisis in Bangladesh
Authors: Mehzabin Maisaa , Rahim Shuvo MD. Kawser
Published: June 2021

The simultaneous rise of China and India has been creating significant re-orientation in the contemporary international system. Both the countries are trying to climb up in the global power hierarchy but for the first instance, they are competing with each other for the Pan-Asian leadership. As a result, their neighboring countries like Bangladesh and Myanmar are becoming hot spots for geostrategic power play between the two Asian powers. The Sino-Indian geostrategic competition intensified after 25 August 2017 when the military crackdown happened at the Rakhine state on Rohingya people. This paper illustrates the nature and dimensions of the response from New Delhi and Beijing on the 2017 Rohingya Refugee crisis. This paper adopted a qualitative method and data was analyzed based on secondary data. The findings argue that there was a qualitative difference between the responses from India and China in this crisis. India claimed to remain neutral in the crisis and provided limited humanitarian and economic assistance to Bangladesh and Myanmar. This paper also reviews why China and India back Myanmar and the international response to this crisis. Finally, this paper concludes with Bangladesh’s challenges from the Sino-Indian geostrategic interests in the Rakhine state.
Drivers of Sustainable Entrepreneurship Among SMEs in Pakistan: Does Entrepreneurial Knowledge Matter?
Authors: Hanan Abdul , Shahira Anis , Ali Mohsin
Published: June 2021

Developing the concept of sustainable entrepreneurship from upper echelons theory and resource-based view theory, this research explores the impact of sustainable entrepreneurship among small and medium-sized enterprises. Sustainable entrepreneurship pursues a motivating approach to the economic, social, and environmental objectives of the society. The purpose of the study is to delve into the influencing factors of sustainable entrepreneurship among SMEs. The research is based on a quantitative approach via survey to address the sustainable entrepreneurship among SMEs (e.g., Punjab) in Pakistan. Data were obtained from 330 employees working in manufacturing SME’s. Additionally, structural equation modelling (SEM) was tested to examining the hypothesized relationship. The results confirm a positive effect of sustainability orientation and entrepreneurial orientation on sustainable entrepreneurship and the moderating effect of entrepreneurial knowledge was found significant. Moreover, the results confirm a negative effect of entrepreneurial bricolage on sustainable entrepreneurship, and the moderating effect of the entrepreneurial knowledge was found to be insignificant. However, these researches carry-out the context of entrepreneurial bricolage acts as a moderator in sustainable entrepreneurship research. Based on the findings, this research provides implications for the policymakers to promote sustainable entrepreneurship to facilitate new markets and getting the foremost advantage of sustainable development in SME’s.
Can Underutilized Tropical Fruits Meet the Nutritional Requirements of Rural Indonesia?
Authors: Mavinkal Ravindran Krishnanunni , Jones Philippa J. , Rayment Mark
Published: June 2021

Tropical fruits form a potential source of micronutrients. However, a lot of these fruit species remain underutilized in developing countries. This study explores the potential of underutilized tropical fruits in Kalimantan, Indonesia, in meeting the micro-nutrient requirements of its populace. The study employs focus group discussions and a systematic literature search and review process to gather data.79% of the species studied were profuse in at least one essential micronutrient, and 53% of the species contain at least one micronutrient of priority concern in high concentration. No nutritional information was available for 26% of the reviewed species, and 40% of the species for which information is available in the literature lacked data on at least one priority micro-nutrient. Simultaneous fruiting of priority micro-nutrient rich species occurring in the different agroecosystems of Kalimantan, namely limbo gardens, homesteads, and forests, corroborates the importance of landscape diversity in meeting the year-round nutritional needs of its people. Given how the Covid19 pandemic has impacted people's food security, it is essential to address these knowledge gaps to aid the ongoing efforts to reshape our food systems in the future.
ROL DEL INVESTIGADOR EN EL CONTEXTO DE LA EDUCACIÓN INCLUSIVA
Authors: Bell Rodríguez Rafael Félix , Caballero León Suyin Maricela , De la Llana Pérez Evelyn , Portilla Castell Yoenia
Published: June 2021

En los recientes avances y logros, los investigadores a través de sus trabajos, han jugado un papel distinguido, combatiendo la exclusión, denunciado y superando barreras, promoviendo políticas, reformas y apoyos que impulsen en los institutos escolares transformaciones precisas para responder a la diversidad de sus estudiantes. Por esta razón el estudio desarrollado se planteó analizar el rol que ejerce el investigador en el contexto de la educación inclusiva en estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales. En este sentido, la presente investigación se apoyó en un diseño no experimental, tipo documental y de carácter. En tal contexto metodológico fueron indagados documentos bibliográficos, algunos antecedentes y trabajos previos relacionados al tema. Se concluyó que las propuestas desarrolladas por el docente en el rol de investigador para mejorar los procesos inherentes a la educación inclusiva deben plantearse cada vez con mayor fuerza cambiar la escuela hacia escuelas inclusivas (imprescindible si queremos lograr una educación para todos) no pueden quedar al margen sus protagonistas: el estudiante (toda su diversidad).
FUNDAMENTOS TEÓRICOS DE LA SEGURIDAD Y PREVENCIÓN DE RIESGOS LABORALES EN LAS ORGANIZACIONES
Authors: Checa Hernández Karina Elvira , Defranc Balanzategui Pavel Omar , De la Llana Pérez Evelyn
Published: June 2021

La protección de los trabajadores y trabajadoras contra las enfermedades y los accidentes relacionados con su entorno de trabajo es un tema fundamental para las organizaciones empresariales, por ello, el objetivo de la seguridad y prevención de riesgos para la salud en el trabajo en cualquier ámbito y a cualquier nivel debe ser principalmente el de advertir oportunamente los peligros y no el de paliar ulteriormente sus consecuencias. Este estudio, tuvo como propósito analizar los fundamentos teóricos de la seguridad y prevención de riesgos laborales en las organizaciones. Se conformó por un estudio no experimental, de tipo documental y descriptivo. Se revisaron diferentes fuentes legales, bibliográficas y antecedentes investigativos. Como conclusión se obtuvo que la seguridad y prevención de los riesgos laborales en la organización trata de garantizar el bienestar físico, psicosocial y ambiental de los trabajadores y las trabajadoras a través del establecimiento de procesos y procedimientos para la identificación, recopilación, procesamiento, análisis e interpretación de la información de accidentes de trabajo, enfermedades ocupacionales y riesgos en el trabajo en función de la salud de los trabajadores.
FUNDAMENTOS PARA EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE COMPETENCIAS Y HABILIDADES PARA EMPRENDEDORES
Authors: Moreira Ortega Rosa Amelia , Benítez Pincay Lesly Johanna , Carchipulla Alvarado Christopher Andrés , Bueno Salinas Marco Vinicio , Díaz Saavedra Dennise Gabriela
Published: June 2021

Es imperativo que el emprendedor posea al momento de iniciar una nueva empresa fortaleza y del mismo modo certidumbre para con ello vencer las limitaciones que se impondrán en el camino al emprendimiento de un proyecto nuevo, un producto o una empresa innovadora. Por esta razón el estudio desarrollado se planteó analizar los fundamentos para el fortalecimiento de competencias y habilidades para emprendedores. En este sentido, fue necesario enmarcarlo en un diseño no experimental, del tipo documental y de nivel descriptivo. Vale destacar que se revisaron diversas fuentes bibliográficas y algunos antecedentes previos. Se concluyó que todo emprendedor requiere de competencias y habilidades las cuales son exclusivas del ser emprendedor, estas son: la auto-consciencia, la auto-crítica, la confianza en sí mismo, la creencia en su visión y su misión, asumiendo responsabilidad por sus fracasos y riesgos, ética.
FORTALECIMIENTO DE COMPETENCIAS PARA EMPRENDEDORES: UNA PERSPECTIVA VIVENCIAL EN GUAYAQUIL, ECUADOR
Authors: Vacacela Conforme Lissette Juleysi , Benítez Pincay Lesly Johanna , Hidalgo Anchundia Bryan Eduardo , Mora Jiménez Fabricio Romario , Bonin Campos Edith Vanessa
Published: June 2021

El desempleo es una problemática que está afectando al mundo entero, y una de grandes estrategias que minimiza los efectos del desempleo es el emprendimiento. Es por ello que el propósito de esta investigación es Fortalecer las competencias emprendedoras en los moradores del sector “El Fortín” De La Ciudad De Guayaquil. Esta investigación se abordó desde una perspectiva cuantitativa, con la modalidad de campo. La población y la muestra estuvo constituido por 34 habitantes del sector el fortín de la ciudad de Guayaquil. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de la observación y la encuesta. Se obtuvo como resultado que los habitantes del sector el Fortín reconocen que tienen algunas debilidades en área de emprendimiento, no obstante manifestaron disposición en fortalecersus competencias en el área. Por lo que se concluye que esta experiencia vivencial, permitió desarrollar y fortalecer competencias en los emprendedores, lo que garantiza la dinamización económica en el sector de estudio.