Investasi Cryptocurrency Bitcoin Dalam Teknologi Blockchain Menurut Syariat Islam
Authors: Wiyono Wiwin Muchtar 
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Often the rapid development of the world economy and also Islam is the majority of Indonesian people, as Muslims must understand technology Cryptocurrencies and activities related to these technologies, as well as understanding the law in Islamic Sharia are sourced from Hadith and verses of the Koran. Cryptocurrency is virtual money, digital money, or electronic money that exists in cyberspace and does not have a concrete form of object. This cryptocurrency has many kinds, including Litecoin, Monero, Ether, Ripple, Ethereum, Qtum, Dash, Zcash, and Bitcoin. Bitcoin security is protected by Blockchain technology. However, Bitcoin does not have an underlying asset (underlaying asset) and there is no responsible authority agency, its ownership is anonymous, its value fluctuations are very extreme, and is dominated by the opinion publication factor of the marketing system. That is why the use of Bitcoin in investment and business transactions raises pros and cons among economists and scholars. This study aims to get an overview of Bitcoin technology, especially about Blockchain and the legitimacy of its use in investment and business transactions according to Islamic law. The applied theory used is the business taxonomy of haram lidzatihi and haram lighairihi from the number of scholars reconstructed by Adiwarman Abdul Karim. This research is a literature study. The data sources for this research were taken from the Koran, the hadith of the Prophet, classical and contemporary books, as well as from online media sources. From this study, it was found that Bitcoin technology with Blockchain can indeed be recognized as an excellent revolutionary technology, but its use as an investment instrument contains elements of maysir (betting) and as an instrument of business transactions contains elements of gharar. Its legal position is haram lighairihi.

Keywords: Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, Blockchain technology, Islamic Sharia

Abstrak

Seriring pesatnya perkembangan ekonomi dunia dan juga agama Islam merupakan mayoritas masyarakat Indonesia, selaku umat Islam harus memahami teknologi Cryptocurrency dan kegiatan-kegiatan yang berhubungan dengan teknologi tersebut, serta memahami hukumnya dalam Syariat Islam bersumber dari Hadist dan ayat - ayat Al-Quran. Cryptocurrency adalah uang virtual, uang digital, atau uang elektronik yang berada di dunia maya dan tidak memiliki bentuk benda yang konkret. Cryptocurrency ini memiliki banyak macam, antara lain Litecoin, Monero, Ether, Ripple, Ethereun, Qtum, Dash, Zcash, dan Bitcoin. Keamanan Bitcoin dilindungi oleh teknologi Blockchain. Namun, Bitcoin tidak memiliki asset yang mendasari (underlaying asset) dan tidak ada lembaga otoritas yang bertanggung jawab, kepemilikannya anonim, fluktuasi nilai yang sangat ekstrem, dan lebih didominasi oleh faktor publikasi opini sistem pemasaran. Itulah sebabnya penggunaan Bitcoin dalam investasi dan transaksi bisnis menimbulkan pro dan kontra di kalangan pakar ekonomi dan ulama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapat gambaran seputar teknologi Bitcoin, terutama tentang Blockchain serta keabsahan penggunaannya dalam investasi dan transaksi bisnis menurut syariat Islam. Teori terapan yang digunakan adalah taksonomi bisnis haram lidzatihi dan haram lighairihi dari jumhur ulama yang direkonstruksi oleh Adiwarman Abdul Karim. Penelitian ini bersifat studi pustaka. Sumber data penelitian ini diambil dari Alquran, hadis Rasullah, kitab-kitab klasik dan kontemporer, serta dari sumber media online. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa teknologi Bitcoin dengan Blockchain memang bisa diakui sebagai teknologi revolusioner yang sangat baik, tetapi penggunaannya sebagai instrumen investasi mengandung unsur maysir (pertaruhan) dan sebagai instrumen transaksi bisnis mengandung unsur gharar. Kedudukan hukumnya adalah haram lighairihi.

Kata kunci: Cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, teknologi Blockchain, syariat Islam