bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What drives citizens to get the COVID-19 vaccine? The integration of protection motivation theory and theory of planned behavior
Authors: Rahi Samar
Published: February 2023

Purpose

In the wake of COVID-19 pandemic, public health is associated with the acceptance of vaccination unless it reaches herd immunity level, which is 67%. Nevertheless, citizens have shown hesitancy toward acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination globally. Therefore, this study aims to investigate factors which influence citizen’s intention to get COVID-19 vaccination with two well-known theories, namely, protection motivation theory and theory of planned behavior. Aside of direct relationship, the moderating effect of perceived awareness is also tested between attitude and citizens’ intention to get COVID-19 vaccine.

Design/methodology/approach

The research framework is statistically tested with data set of 215 responses. Data were collected from Pakistani citizens residing in Islamabad, Lahore, Narowal and Burban. For data collection, convenience sampling approach is used. The positivism research paradigm is adopted to design the research framework. Data were estimated with structural equation modeling approach.

Findings

Results of the statistical analysis unveiled that collectively perceived severity, vulnerability, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have explained substantial varianceR252.9% in measuring citizens’ attitude toward acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination. Likewise, attitude and awareness have explained substantial varianceR254.6% in measuring citizens’ intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine. Moreover, results have shown substantial Stone–GeisserQ2value to predict citizens’ attitude and intention to accept COVID-19 vaccine.

Practical implications

In term of theoretical contributions, this study has combined two well-known theories, namely, protection motivation theory and theory of planned behavior, to investigate citizens’ attitude and intention to get COVID-19 vaccine. Therefore, practically this study directs that government officials and health-care practitioners should create awareness among citizens about pandemic by highlighting severity and vulnerability of the COVID-19 virus toward health which, in turn, motivate citizens to get COVID-19 vaccine on time.

Social implications

The ongoing health crisis could be reduced if citizens achieve herd immunity against COVID-19 virus, resulting in long-term welfare of the society. This research has significant social impact on citizen’s lives, as it revealed that citizens could be motivated to get COVID-19 vaccination if they get adequate awareness about pandemic, enhance behavioral control and understand severity and vulnerability of the COVID-19 virus.

Originality/value

The current research is valuable, as it unveils factors which encourage citizens to get COVID-19 vaccine. In terms of originality, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first that integrates protection motivation theory and theory of planned behavior toward citizens’ intention to get COVID-19 vaccine during pandemic.
Factors influencing the intention to adopt green construction: an application of the theory of planned behaviour
Authors: Tunji-Olayeni Patience , Kajimo-Shakantu Kahilu , Ayodele Timothy Oluwafemi
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The aim of this paper is to assess the behavioural factors that influence professionals' intention to adopt green construction based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB).

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a quantitative research design with the use of online questionnaires to elicit information from construction professionals in South Africa. Descriptive statistics of frequencies, mean and standard deviation were used to analyse the data obtained from the survey. Linear regression was also used to assess the effect of behavioural factors on professionals' intention to adopt green construction.

Findings

The results showed that attitude and perceived behavioural control (PBC) have a significant effect on the intention to adopt green construction. These were significant at p < 0.05, having p-values of 0.000 and 0.015 respectively. The study also found that there was a positive disposition towards green construction, particularly with regards to insisting on green construction. This had a mean value of 3.99. There was also a high perception of succeeding in the execution of green projects with mean score of 3.76.

Practical implications

The practical implication of the findings is that adoption of green construction in South Africa is majorly based on the positive attitude of stakeholders towards green construction and also the PBC or the perceived ease of executing green construction. However, these factors are not sufficient to generate long term commitment for green transformation among a critical mass of stakeholders in the South African construction industry. Hence, there is a need for focus on subjective norms (pressure) particularly from the government, to encourage the widespread adoption of green construction in South Africa.

Originality/value

Findings present one of the pioneering efforts to empirically validate the influence of behavioural factors on the intention to adopt green construction in South Africa and the outcomes can provide policy directions and baseline data for further research.
The dual environmental customer and green reputation pressures on environmental management systems: the performance implications of manufacturing exports
Authors: Nguyen Hung , Onofrei George , Wiengarten Frank , Yang Ying , McClelland Robert , Akbari Mohammadreza
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore the joint effects of environmental customer and green reputation pressures (GRP) on environmental management systems (EMSs), and their linkages to environmental and business performance, especially among export manufacturers.

Design/methodology/approach

This study collected empirical data from 437 manufacturers in multiple countries to explore differences in handling environmental customer and reputation pressures among export and domestic manufacturers and the subsequent performance implications.

Findings

The results indicate that although the GRPs might initially enhance firms’ environmental compliance and reputation, they can also support EMSs and sustainable performance. Furthermore, as firms increase their engagement in exports, both environmental customer and GRPs intensify, leading to stronger EMS implementation as well as sustainable performance, mainly in environmental measures.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that the international market orientation is an important context to understand sustainability developments.

Originality/value

The study offers an alternative approach to understanding the environmental customer and GRPs, to accommodate resources for sustainability development.
Human capital pipelines – antecedents and consequences
Authors: Choudhury Muntakim
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the concept of human capital pipelines and explain how pipelines originate and the consequences of pipeline-based hiring in terms of labor market uncertainty, job embeddedness, social ties, homosocial reproduction, employee referrals and turnover intent.

Design/methodology/approach

The author provides a viewpoint grounded on a review of recent research regarding human capital pipelines.

Findings

This paper aims at further developing our understanding of human capital pipelines and the implications of such practices. The author points out both the positive and negative aspects of pipeline-based hiring, with the hope that human resource practitioners and mangers will adopt such practices based on the organization’s strategic needs.

Originality/value

To date, very little conceptual and/or empirical work has been carried out on pipeline-based hiring. In organizations, it is important to understand how repeated hiring from labor sources can reduce labor market uncertainty regarding a job seeker’s quality and potential productivity. However, it is also crucial to appreciate that such practices may have important pre and posthire implications for organizations and employees alike.
Macroeconomic effects of family business inheritance tax reduction: Evidence from South Korea
Authors: La Jung Joo
Published: February 2023

This study examines the macroeconomic effects of family business inheritance tax reduction in South Korea using a theoretical model that addresses the problem of a family member's occupational choice decision between being a worker and being an entrepreneur. In contrast with previous studies, the model considers the distribution of firm size. The effect of the reduction in the family business inheritance tax rate on the macroeconomy is positive in this model, whereas it is negative in a model in the literature that does not consider the distribution of firm size when addressing the occupational choice decision. Calibrated results obtained using data for South Korea show that a 50% reduction in the family business inheritance tax rate increases the total labour demand, total real investment, and total sales by 0.13%, 1.88%, and 0.15%, respectively.
Revisiting the War in the Receipt, 1572–1609*
Authors: Wright Kirsty
Published: February 2023

This article explores a protracted dispute in the exchequer of receipt that initiated lasting procedural reform. The argument revolved around contested narratives of exchequer history which had direct implications for officers’ fees, rights and status. The ferocity of the dispute has rendered it one of the most‐studied episodes in exchequer history, yet historians have largely focused on procedural reform and dismissed the ardour of the protagonists. This article recontextualises the dispute within its political and physical context in the Palace of Westminster to argue that the feud was not merely personal but political. By drawing together officers’ personal papers with exchequer records and architectural records of the palace, this article demonstrates the agency of individuals in influencing institutional reform. The protagonists operated within webs of overlapping loyalties between crown, institution and patrons which reflects the place of the Receipt in central government. Consideration of the warring officers in this context reveals that the outcome of the dispute was not in spite of their passions, but a product of them.
Passion, Parliament, and the Pen: Articulations of Female Citizenship in Britain, c.1790–1890
Authors: Galvin Amy
Published: February 2023

Among the plethora of political shifts that defined the Age of Reform, this article will uncover a female narrative of changing conceptions of citizenship, asserting that, despite their formal exclusion, women articulated a distinctly female understanding of citizenship through writing. Furthermore, it will explore the significance of parliament to women's experiences. The spaces in which citizenship was performed are integral to understanding its conception, and the significance of the franchise in 19th‐century political culture made parliament a fundamental space for those pursuing citizenship rights. Women from a diverse range of backgrounds articulated their inherently female experiences in their writing as they engaged with the discourses of citizenship that surrounded them. A collection of central themes and issues characterised their writing: honour and legality; representation and the franchise; local and municipal politics; marriage; education; and professional and employment opportunities. These texts illuminate the emerging self‐conception of female citizenship by women whose lived experiences were coloured by the historical shifts of reform. Consequently, the tapestry of these texts is formed of an intricately connected web of threads that both merge and deviate from one another around their individual focus, intention, or argument. However, collectively they suggest a resoundingly harmonious image, demonstrating that, although varying between individuals, a whole multitude of women from across society were experiencing this realisation of their right to equal citizenship.
The Ulster Women's Declaration and the Passion of Women in the Campaign against Home Rule, c.1886–1912*
Authors: Stewart Ciara
Published: February 2023

On Ulster Day, 28 September 1912, Unionist leaders orchestrated the mass signing of the Ulster Covenant and the Women's Declaration against Irish home rule. These were highly emotive documents and the ‘passion’ expressed by women contrasted with the men, as the Covenant implied a pact with God while the Women's Declaration promised to support their male counterparts. The Declaration, with 234,046 signatures, was one of the largest petitions ever organised by Irish (and British women) in this period and expressed the desire of many Ulsterwomen to defend their identities as Unionists and Protestants. This article breaks new ground by examining the Declaration as a form of petitioning culture. It will analyse Unionist women's petitioning through the lens of ‘passion’ and argue that petitioning offered women a way to express their feelings on this important issue. This will be done by analysing the Declaration and the Unionist women's earlier petitioning campaigns to reveal what motivated Unionist women to protest and their political practice. Another perspective is provided by the contemporary criticisms of the Declaration made by suffrage activists. This shows that while ‘passion’ could mobilise women, it could also cause friction. This article will also consider the gendered coverage of Ulsterwomen's political participation by the press. Overall, this article reappraises the political activism of Ulsterwomen from the perspective of petitioning and the power of ideological passion in politics.
‘A rancour and a passion would be introduced into politics’: Perceptions of the Woman MP in Late 19th and Early 20th Century Britain*
Authors: Berry‐Waite Lisa
Published: February 2023

On 21 November 1918, the Parliament (Qualification of Women) Act was passed, which enabled women over the age of 21 to stand for parliamentary election. Unlike women's suffrage, there was no sustained campaign to allow women to sit in parliament. However, this does not mean that the issue was ignored in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This article traces perceptions of the woman MP in the pre‐1918 period and offers the first detailed exploration of the topic. It argues that although discussions on the matter were not widespread like women's suffrage, there is value in examining these lesser‐known debates. This article studies the parliamentary candidacy of Helen Taylor in the 1885 General Election, in addition to how male politicians, the press, suffrage, and anti‐suffrage organisations engaged with the idea of women sitting in parliament. Women's supposedly emotional nature played an integral role in how contemporaries approached the subject of women MPs. Indeed, women's emotions, and more specifically their passionate temperament, were often used to discredit their political capabilities and portray women as emotionally, intellectually and physically inferior to men.
Reply to comment by Kao et al on “An overview of the relationship between juvenile idiopathic arthritis and potential environmental risk factors: Do early childhood habits or habitat play a role in the affair?”
Authors: Koker Oya , Kasapcopur Ozgur
Published: February 2023

In our study, in which the relationship between juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and particular environmental factors was evaluated, a correlation could not be established between the rate or duration of breastfeeding and the development or severity of the disease. Int J Rheum Dis, 25, 2022, 1376. It was determined that the time of introduction to cow's milk differed in JIA and juvenile‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus patient groups compared to healthy controls. On the other hand, the fact that income level and maternal literacy were associated with high disability and damage scores and frequent recurrence rates stood as one of the remarkable results of our study. Kao et al drew attention to the relationship between socioeconomic status and chronic arthritis and quoted an adult study. The role of the parent factor has been stressed and the effect of maternal stress on disease development has been discussed. Although JIA is a heterogeneous disease and the tribulation of measuring the direct impact of environmental elements are limiting factors, it is essential to determine the parts that can be controlled to some extent and the precautions to be taken.
Pityriasis rubra pilaris type IV‐associated arthritis treated with adalimumab
Authors: Doğan Yahya
Published: February 2023

Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a very rare disease from the hyperkeratotic papulosquamous disorder group. The rheumatologic manifestations of PRP are extremely rare and less known to clinicians than those of psoriasis. An interesting case of inflammatory arthritis in the hand of an adolescent patient who was successfully treated with adalimumab and compatible with the diagnosis of type IV circumscribed juvenile PRP is presented in the light of the literature.
Wearable cardioverter defibrillator after cardiac surgery: Analysis of real‐life data from patients at transient risk of sudden cardiac death
Authors: Elbayomi Mohamed , Weyand Michael , Seitz Timo , Harig Frank
Published: February 2023

Background

Especially in the first 3 months after cardiac surgery, patients are at transient risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). To close the gap between hospital discharge and the final implantable cardioverter‐defibrillator (ICD) decision, guidelines recommend temporarily using a wearable cardioverter‐defibrillator (WCD) to protect these patients from SCD. We investigated real‐life data on the safety, effectiveness, and compliance of the WCD in this population.

Methods

Data for analysis were collected via the Zoll Patient Management Network (ZPM) from patients who underwent cardiac surgery and who were discharged with a WCD between 2018 and 2021 at the Cardiac Surgery Center of the University of Erlangen in Germany.

Results

The majority of the 55 patients were male (90.9%) and underwent a coronary artery bypass graft (80.0%). The number of patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >35% increased from 9.1% at the beginning of WCD use to 58.2% at the end of WCD use. Six ventricular tachycardia (VT) episodes occurred in four patients. The WCD appropriately defibrillated two patients with VT episodes. There were no inadequate shocks and no fatalities during the observation time. WCD wearing compliance was high, with a median wear time of 23.3 h/day.

Conclusion

This retrospective analysis in a single cardiac surgery center confirms prior data on the safety and effectiveness of the WCD in patients in post‐surgery care in a real‐life setting. The WCD successfully protected patients from SCD during life‐threatening VT episodes. WCD wearing compliance was high.
The regional big‐fish‐little‐pond effect: Evidence from national and subnational comparisons
Authors: Stockus Christopher A. , Zell Ethan
Published: February 2023

According to the big‐fish‐little‐pond effect (BFLPE), students evaluate themselves more favourably when they have a high rank in a low‐rank school than a low rank in a high‐rank school. We examined whether the BFLPE impacts self‐evaluations in regional settings, where the reference group is one's nation or subnation. In Study 1, participants told that they ranked above average in a below‐average nation evaluated themselves more favourably than participants told that they ranked below average in an above‐average nation. Study 2 demonstrated that this regional BFLPE occurs both when the reference group is one's nation (USA) and one's subnation (e.g. California, Florida). Finally, Study 3 found that the BFLPE occurs and is similar in size when the reference group is one's nation versus one's school. In sum, these experiments provide novel support for the BFLPE in regional contexts and suggest that social comparisons that involve regional groups substantially impact self‐evaluations.
Employment success of social assistance recipients: A provincial analysis by industry
Authors: Draghici Elena , Holm Anders , Haan Michael
Published: February 2023

Poverty continues to burden millions of Canadians each year, and social assistance (SA) is one program that provides last‐resort financial assistance, conditional upon looking for and accepting work. Using tax panel data of SA recipients from across seven Canadian regions between 2000 and 2018, we model the probabilities of employment success (ES) across industry of employment, SA benefit amounts, unionization, and individual‐level characteristics. We adopt an economic stance to explain reliance upon SA, examining the broader macroeconomic indicators of ES, and to demonstrate the factors associated with exiting SA. We find that many SA recipients do not present evidence of recent employment, indicating a disconnect between stated SA program aims and their outcomes. We provide evidence for increased SA benefits and unionization as significant predictors of ES of SA recipients.
Long non‐coding RNA AC018926.2 regulates palmitic acid exposure‐compromised osteogenic potential of periodontal ligament stem cells via the ITGA2/FAK/AKT pathway
Authors: Qu Hong‐Lei , Sun Li‐Juan , Li Xuan , Liu Fen , Sun Hai‐Hua , He Xiao‐Tao , Gan Dian , Yin Yuan , Tian Bei‐Min , Chen Fa‐Ming , Wu Rui‐Xin
Published: February 2023

Although obesity has been proposed as a risk factor for periodontitis, the influence of excessive fat accumulation on the development of periodontitis and periodontal recovery from disease remains largely unknown. This study investigated the cellular response of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) to elevated levels of a specific fatty acid, namely, palmitic acid (PA). The mechanism by which PA exposure compromises the osteogenic potential of cells was also explored. It was found that exposure of PDLSCs to abundant PA led to decreased cell osteogenic differentiation. Given that long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a key role in the stem cell response to adverse environmental stimuli, we screened the lncRNAs that were differentially expressed in PDLSCs following PA exposure using lncRNA microarray analysis, and AC018926.2 was identified as the lncRNA that was most sensitive to PA. Next, gain/loss‐of‐function studies illustrated that AC018926.2 was an important regulator in PA‐mediated osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. Mechanistically, AC018926.2 upregulated integrin α2 (ITGA2) expression and therefore activated ITGA2/FAK/AKT signalling. Further functional studies revealed that inactivation of ITGA2/FAK/AKT signalling by silencing ITGA2 counteracted the pro‐osteogenic effect induced by AC018926.2 overexpression. Moreover, the results of bioinformatics analysis and RNA immunoprecipitation assay suggested that AC018926.2 might transcriptionally regulate ITGA2 expression by binding to PARP1 protein. Our data suggest that AC018926.2 may serve as a therapeutic target for the management of periodontitis in obese patients.
Kidney injury and status 1 liver transplantation: Outcomes, kidney function, and listing for kidney transplantation
Authors: Cloonan Daniel J. , Cloonan Madeline R. , Westphal Scott G. , Dageforde Leigh Anne , Merani Shaheed
Published: February 2023

Background

Effects of kidney injury (KI) at the time of liver transplantation (LT) for acute liver failure (ALF) remain poorly described. We hypothesized that patients with ALF and KI who undergo LT have persistent post‐transplant KI, inferior survival, and increased rate of kidney transplantation (KT).

Methods

The US Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients database was queried for patients transplanted with status 1 listing for LT between 2002 and 2021. KI was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤ 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 or dialysis in the week prior to LT. Outcomes evaluated were post‐LT eGFR, listing for subsequent KT, and overall survival (OS) after LT.

Results

A total of 2984 patients underwent LT for ALF with 1241 (41.6%) having KI. KI patients had lower eGFR at 6 months post‐LT (57.8 vs. 68.7, p < .001) that persisted out to 5 years (59.9 vs. 69.7, p < .001). KI patients were more likely to be listed for KT (4.3% vs. 1.9%, p < .001) and undergo listing sooner after LT (.8 vs. 3.7 years, p < .001). Patients without KI had higher adjusted post‐transplant OS compared to those with KI (HR .75, p < .001).

Conclusion

KI in the setting of ALF portends a worse prognosis for both kidney recovery and OS.
Aktuelle Übersicht zur androgenetischen Alopezie bei Kindern und Jugendlichen
Authors: Gomes Tiago Fernandes , Soares Rui Oliveira
Published: February 2023

Pädiatrische androgenetische Alopezie ist eine zu wenig beachtete Erkrankung. Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen mit Haarausfall und/oder verminderter Haardichte sollte eine klinische Beurteilung mittels Trichoskopie vorgenommen werden. Die Diagnose wird in der Regel klinisch, durch Beobachtung des Haarausfallmusters und Trichoskopie gestellt. In einigen Fällen sollte eine Hyperandrogenämie ausgeschlossen werden. Es gibt zwar keine zugelassene Therapie für androgenetische Alopezie im Kindesalter, topisches Minoxidil, orales Minoxidil und topisches Finasterid können jedoch helfen. Eine Haartransplantation könnte für Mädchen in ausgewählten Fällen eine Option sein. Dieser Artikel gibt einen Überblick über den aktuellen Stand der Erkenntnisse zur pädiatrischen androgenetischen Alopezie.
Improvement of glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction by switching from liraglutide or dulaglutide to subcutaneous semaglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes: A multicentre, prospective, randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group comparison study (SWITCH‐SEMA 1 study)
Authors: Takahashi Yuka , Nomoto Hiroshi , Yokoyama Hiroki , Takano Yoshinari , Nagai So , Tsuzuki Atsushi , Cho Kyu Yong , Miya Aika , Kameda Hiraku , Takeuchi Jun , Taneda Shinji , Kurihara Yoshio , Atsumi Tatsuya , Nakamura Akinobu , Miyoshi Hideaki ,   SWITCH‐SEMA 1 study group
Published: February 2023

Aim

To investigate the effects of switching from liraglutide or dulaglutide to once‐weekly semaglutide on glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

In this multicentre, open‐labelled, prospective, randomized, parallel‐group comparison study, patients treated with liraglutide 0.9‐1.8 mg/day (plan A) or dulaglutide 0.75 mg/week (plan B) were either switched to semaglutide or continued current therapy. The primary endpoint was the mean change in glycated haemoglobin over 24 weeks. The secondary endpoints included the changes of Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire scores, body weight and metabolic indices.

Results

In total, 110 patients were enrolled, and 10 were excluded; therefore, 37 patients in plan A and 63 patients in plan B completed the study. Glycated haemoglobin levels were significantly reduced in the semaglutide group in both plans [plan A, 7.8% ± 1.0% to 7.8% ± 0.7% (liraglutide) vs. 7.9% ± 0.7% to 7.3% ± 0.7% (semaglutide), p < .01; plan B, 7.8% ± 1.0% to 7.9% ± 1.2% (dulaglutide) vs. 7.8% ± 0.8% to 7.1% ± 0.6% (semaglutide), p < .01]. Semaglutide also improved Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire scores in both groups (plan A, +0.1 vs. +8.3, p < .01; plan B, −1.2 vs. +3.5, p < .01). Switching from dulaglutide yielded greater reductions in body weight and improved metabolic parameters.

Conclusions

Once‐weekly semaglutide administration improved glycaemic control and treatment satisfaction after switching from liraglutide or dulaglutide. These results highlighted a useful treatment option for patients with metabolic abnormalities despite glucagon‐like receptor‐1 receptor agonist treatment.
Artificial‐intelligence‐based decision support tools for the differential diagnosis of colitis
Authors: Guimarães Pedro , Finkler Helen , Reichert Matthias Christian , Zimmer Vincent , Grünhage Frank , Krawczyk Marcin , Lammert Frank , Keller Andreas , Casper Markus
Published: February 2023

Background

Whereas Artificial Intelligence (AI) based tools have recently been introduced in the field of gastroenterology, application in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is in its infancies. We established AI‐based algorithms to distinguish IBD from infectious and ischemic colitis using endoscopic images and clinical data.

Methods

First, we trained and tested a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) using 1796 real‐world images from 494 patients, presenting with three diseases (IBD [n = 212], ischemic colitis [n = 157], and infectious colitis [n = 125]). Moreover, we evaluated a Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDT) algorithm using five clinical parameters as well as a hybrid approach (CNN + GBDT). Patients and images were randomly split into two completely independent datasets. The proposed approaches were benchmarked against each other and three expert endoscopists on the test set.

Results

For the image‐based CNN, the GBDT algorithm and the hybrid approach global accuracies were .709, .792, and .766, respectively. Positive predictive values were .602, .702, and .657. Global areas under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) and precision recall (PR) curves were .727/.585, .888/.823, and .838/.733, respectively. Global accuracy did not differ between CNN and endoscopists (.721), but the clinical parameter‐based GBDT algorithm outperformed CNN and expert image classification.

Conclusions

Decision support systems exclusively based on endoscopic image analysis for the differential diagnosis of colitis, representing a complex clinical challenge, seem not yet to be ready for primetime and more diverse image datasets may be necessary to improve performance in future development. The clinical value of the proposed clinical parameters algorithm should be evaluated in prospective cohorts.
General overview of the first 50 years of Economic Notes, 1972–2021
Authors: Ferri Giovanni
Published: February 2023

We review the five different phases lived by Economic Notes during its first 50 years. First, its foundation and early phase—until 1983—received great support from Monte dei Paschi and also benefited from a windfall since Robert A. Mundell attracted to Siena an international network of top economists, policy makers and executives, facilitating high‐quality submissions to the Journal. When Mundell's meetings stopped (in 1978), Economic Notes had already secured a good reputation and had become a champion of a pluralist approach, accepting papers from different disciplines and views. In the second phase—from 1984 to the mid‐1990s—the Journal, led by a qualified Editorial Board lived continuity but also some new directions emerged. Economic Notes became better connected to the local Faculty of Economics. Also, the drive towards pluralism of the early years was refocused to safeguard access by different economic schools rather than different disciplines. In those years, Monte dei Paschi too transformed from a mostly regional bank into a national and international player, thus demanding less visibility support from the Journal. Those events blurred the initial mission and started distancing the Bank from the Journal. The third phase—from mid‐1990s to early 2000s—saw the maximum productivity and visibility of Economic Notes. Monte financed Conferences with great resonance also owing to an exceptional Advisory Board. In the fourth phase—from 2004, when the Conferences became rare, to 2012—the performance worsened. Communication between the Bank and the Journal grew more difficult, complicating any planning for the future. The fifth phase— from 2012 to 2019—aimed to relaunch the Journal without a significant support from the Bank, which had entered a period of difficulties of its own. The planned way out of this situation was to develop a series of Special Issues through dedicated Calls for Papers. As we show, that strategy delivered some results and, in effect, Economic Notes’ performance rebounded. Nevertheless, Monte was progressively disengaging from the Journal, which, eventually, was sold to Wiley, the publishing partner. The sixth and last phase of the Journal—from 2019 to 2021—under the new ownership by Wiley marked a gradual transformation. In the end, it seems that the publishing venture initiated in 1972 is still making progress and providing a pluralist forum for discussion. The journey of Economic Notes is still on!
Artificial intelligence for the detection of focal cortical dysplasia: Challenges in translating algorithms into clinical practice
Authors: Walger Lennart , Adler Sophie , Wagstyl Konrad , Henschel Leonie , David Bastian , Borger Valeri , Hattingen Elke , Vatter Hartmut , Elger Christian E. , Baldeweg Torsten , Rosenow Felix , Urbach Horst , Becker Albert , Radbruch Alexander , Surges Rainer , Reuter Martin , Cendes Fernando , Wang Zhong Irene , Huppertz Hans‐Jürgen , Rüber Theodor
Published: February 2023

Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are malformations of cortical development and one of the most common pathologies causing pharmacoresistant focal epilepsy. Resective neurosurgery yields high success rates, especially if the full extent of the lesion is correctly identified and completely removed. The visual assessment of magnetic resonance imaging does not pinpoint the FCD in 30%–50% of cases, and half of all patients with FCD are not amenable to epilepsy surgery, partly because the FCD could not be sufficiently localized. Computational approaches to FCD detection are an active area of research, benefitting from advancements in computer vision. Automatic FCD detection is a significant challenge and one of the first clinical grounds where the application of artificial intelligence may translate into an advance for patients' health. The emergence of new methods from the combination of health and computer sciences creates novel challenges. Imaging data need to be organized into structured, well‐annotated datasets and combined with other clinical information, such as histopathological subtypes or neuroimaging characteristics. Algorithmic output, that is, model prediction, requires a technically correct evaluation with adequate metrics that are understandable and usable for clinicians. Publication of code and data is necessary to make research accessible and reproducible. This critical review introduces the field of automatic FCD detection, explaining underlying medical and technical concepts, highlighting its challenges and current limitations, and providing a perspective for a novel research environment.
A meta‐analytic review of monoterpene for fish anaesthesia
Authors: Félix Luís , Vieira Raquel , Monteiro Sandra M. , Venâncio Carlos
Published: February 2023

The use of anaesthetic agents has been increasing to address the welfare needs of different fish species in scientific and aquaculture practices. MS‐222 is the most used synthetic anaesthetic but some limitations and side effects have been reported. Natural substances have been used as potential substitutes with clove oil playing an important role due to its eugenol content. Yet, other monoterpenes have shown anaesthetic properties in different fish species. As such, a quantitative assessment has been conducted to explicitly relate and summarise the use of monoterpenes with described anaesthetic properties in fish. A combined PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed Central and Europe PMC electronic database search was performed, from January 2002 to August 2022, following the PRISMA guidelines. Out of 1555 articles retrieved from the literature search, 30 English reports met the criteria for inclusion in the meta‐analysis through a generic inverse‐variance method (random‐effects model) and according to the fish age. The findings show a total of 10 different monoterpenes with high homogeneity and effectiveness in inducing anaesthesia and recovery according to the fish anaesthetic criteria. Further subgroup analysis showed these effects were independent of fish age. Meta‐regression of the included studies revealed an inverse linear association between anaesthesia induction and recovery time and water bath temperature while no further correlation was found with other confounding factors (body weight, water pH and dissolved oxygen levels). Although further studies will be required, this meta‐analysis provides robust evidence that different monoterpenes serve as an attractive and effective alternative for fish anaesthesia although water bath temperature also played an important role in anaesthesia outcome.
Observations on strategies used by people with dementia to manage being assessed using validated measures: A pilot qualitative video analysis
Authors: Ward Alison , Jensen Anne M. , Ottesen Anna Camilla , Thoft Diana S.
Published: February 2023

Background

Analysis of video data was conducted of validated assessments with people with dementia as part of a feasibility control study comparing a lifelong learning service with other dementia services.

Objective

The aim was to provide a new perspective on what occurs during the assessment process when using validated measures in research and explore which strategies people with dementia use to manage their participation.

Design

Video recordings were made of pre‐ and postintervention assessments of people with dementia. An initial pilot analysis of 10 videos of the pre‐assessments was conducted.

Setting

Lifelong learning services and other dementia services situated in six municipalities in Northern Denmark took part in this study, with 55 people with dementia participating.

Results

The themes identified were: ‘State of mind’ and ‘Mental resources’, showing how these aspects influenced the participants' reactions and the strategies they used.

Discussion

The results are discussed in relation to how individual personality traits influence the assessment process and the way a person with dementia will manage the situation.

Conclusion

The assessment situation is complex and can be influenced by the strategies adopted by individuals with dementia as they try to manage the assessment process.

Patient or Public Contribution

People with dementia supported the decision‐making for the choice of validated measure used within this study.
Multifunctional nanocomposites integrate electromagnetic shielding, thermal, mechanical, and wear resistance properties
Authors: Hou Wanbo , Feng Tao , Shi Xinhao , Meng Xiangyuan , Fu Lu , Tong Mingde , Li Hejun , Lin Hongjiao
Published: February 2023

The SiCnws/SiC nanocomposites were in situ synthesized by using nickel carbon foam as catalyst and skeleton. This technique has a series of advantages including simple operation, low cost, and high efficiency. Due to the excellent microwave absorption and thermal properties of SiCnws, SiCnws/SiC nanocomposites possess excellent electromagnetic shielding performance with a high SET value of 38.3 dB and good thermal properties with thermal conductivity of 13.77 ± 0.098 wm−1k−1 at room temperature. Meanwhile, the bending strength of the nanocomposites is 110.9 ± 7.7 MPa. The friction coefficient of nanocomposites is about 0.26 with a wear speed of about 67 um3/s. Therefore, the nanocomposites integrate many advantages including lightweight (2.0 g/cm3), excellent electromagnetic shielding, good heat conduction, high strength, and wear resistance.
Integrated postoperative care model for older colorectal surgery patients improves outcomes and reduces healthcare costs
Authors: Cizginer Sevdenur , Prohl Eian G. , Monteiro Joao Filipe G. , Yildiz Ferhat , Jones Richard N. , Schechter Steven , Patterson Robert , Klipfel Adam , Katlic Mark Richard , Daiello Lori A. , Mujahid Nadia , Neupane Iva , Cioffi William G. , Ducharme Maria , Vrees Matthew D. , McNicoll Lynn
Published: February 2023

Background

Older surgical patients have an increased risk for postoperative complications, driving up healthcare costs. We determined if postoperative co‐management of older surgery patients is associated with postoperative outcomes and hospital costs.

Methods

Retrospective data were collected for patients ≥70 years old undergoing colorectal surgery at a community teaching hospital. Patient outcomes were compared between those receiving postoperative surgery co‐management care through the Optimization of Senior Care and Recovery (OSCAR) program and controls who received standard of care. Main outcome measures were postoperative complications and hospital charges, 30‐day readmission rate, length of stay (LOS), and transfer to intensive care during hospitalization. Multivariable linear regression was used to model total charge and multivariable logistic regression to model complications, adjusted for multiple variables (e.g., age, sex, race, body mass index, Charlson Comorbidity Index [CCI], American Society of Anesthesiologists score, surgery duration).

Results

All 187 patients in the OSCAR and control groups had a similar mean CCI score of 2.7 (p = 0.95). Compared to the control group, OSCAR recipients experienced less postoperative delirium (17% vs. 8%; p = 0.05), cardiac arrhythmia (12% vs. 3%; p = 0.03), and clinical worsening requiring transfer to intensive care (20% vs. 6%; p < 0.005). OSCAR group patients had a shorter mean LOS among high‐risk patients (CCI ≥3) (−1.8 days; p = 0.09) and those ≥80 years old (−2.3 days; p = 0.07) compared to the control group. Mean total hospital charge was $10,297 less per patient in the OSCAR group (p = 0.01), with $17,832 less per patient with CCI ≥3 (p = 0.01), than the control group.

Conclusions

A co‐management care approach after colorectal surgery in older patients improves outcomes and decreases costs, with the most benefit going to the oldest patients and those with higher comorbidity scores.
Development and validation of the Montreal cognitive assessment for people with hearing impairment (MoCA‐H)
Authors: Dawes Piers , Reeves David , Yeung Wai Kent , Holland Fiona , Charalambous Anna Pavlina , Côté Mathieu , David Renaud , Helmer Catherine , Laforce Robert , Martins Ralph N. , Politis Antonis , Pye Annie , Russell Gregor , Sheikh Saima , Sirois Marie‐Josée , Sohrabi Hamid R. , Thodi Chyrssoula , Gallant Kathleen , Nasreddine Ziad , Leroi Iracema
Published: February 2023

Background

Hearing impairment is common among older adults and affects cognitive assessments for identification of dementia which rely on good hearing function. We developed and validated a version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for people with hearing impairment.

Methods

We adapted existing MoCA 8.1 items for people with hearing impairment by presenting instructions and stimuli in written rather than spoken format. One Attention domain and two Language domain items required substitution by alternative items. Three and four candidate items respectively were constructed and field‐tested along with the items adapted to written form. We used a combination of individual item analysis and item substitution to select the set of alternative items to be included in the final form of the MoCA‐H in place of the excluded original items. We then evaluated the performance and reliability of the final tool, including making any required adjustments for demographic factors.

Results

One hundred and fifty‐nine hearing‐impaired participants, including 76 with normal cognition and 83 with dementia, completed the adapted version of the MoCA. A further 97 participants with normal hearing completed the standard MoCA as well as the novel items developed for the MoCA‐H to assess score equivalence between the existing and alternative MoCA items and for independence from hearing impairment. Twenty‐eight participants were retested between 2–4 weeks after initial testing. After the selection of optimal item set, the final MoCA‐H had an area under the curve of 0.973 (95% CI 0.952–0.994). At a cut‐point of 24 points or less sensitivity and specificity for dementia was 92.8% and 90.8%, respectively. The intraclass correlation for test–retest reliability was 0.92 (95%CI 0.78–0.97).

Conclusion

The MoCA‐H is a sensitive and reliable means of identifying dementia among adults with acquired hearing impairment.
Prevalence of nutritional inadequacy in children aged 12–36 months: EPACI Portugal 2012
Authors: Nazareth Margarida , Pinto Elisabete , Severo Milton , Graça Pedro , Lopes Carla , Rêgo Carla
Published: February 2023

Adequate nutritional intake in the first years of life is crucial for future health. The purpose of this study is to assess the adequacy of nutritional intake in Portuguese toddlers. The EPACI Portugal 2012 is a cross‐sectional study of a representative sample of toddlers (n = 2230), aged between 12 and 36 months. Data on diets were collected by trained interviewers. The current analysis included 853 children with full data from 3‐day food diaries completed by parents/caregivers. Intakes of energy, macro‐ and micronutrients were estimated through Statistical Program to Assess Dietary Exposure (SPADE). Nutritional adequacy was evaluated using Dietary Reference Values established by the European Food Safety Authority. A large proportion of children exceeded the recommended energy intake. The median daily protein intake was 4.7 g/kg/day, five times more than that recommended. About 9% and 90% of the children consumed a lower proportion of energy than the lower limit of the Reference Intake range for carbohydrates and fat, respectively. Around a third consumed less fibre and magnesium and 100% less vitamin D than the recommended Adequate Intake (AI). Almost a third consumed less vitamin A than the recommended Average Requirement (AR) and 86% of the children showed excessive sodium consumption. Portuguese toddlers consumed a low proportion of energy from fat, had energy and protein intakes above the recommendations and excessive intakes of sodium, and inadequate intakes of vitamin A. Every child consumed less than the recommended AI for vitamin D.
HUCMSC‐derived Exosomes Suppress the Titanium Particles‐induced Osteolysis in Mice through Inhibiting CCL2 and CCL3
Authors: Li Shixun , Wu Chuangran , Lin Sipeng , Wen Zhenkang , Luo Wenqiang , Li Changchuan , Wang Xiaoyan , Li Xuejia , Gao Liangbin , Ding Yue
Published: February 2023

Objective

Wear particles induce inflammation and the further osteolysis around the prosthesis, has been proven to be the main cause of aseptic hip joint loosening. In this research, we aimed to clarify whether human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs) could inhibit the titanium particles‐induced osteolysis and shed light upon its mechanism.

Methods

The expression of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 3 (CCL3) and chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5) were examinjed in clinical specimens of aseptic hip prosthesis loosening patients. Local injection of lentivirus that knocked down CCL2 or CCL3 in a cranial osteolysis mice model were used to exam the effect of CCL2 and CCL3 on titanium particles‐induced osteolysis in vivo. Transwell assay was used to examine the effect of CCL2 and CCL3 on titanium particles‐induced activation of macrophage in vitro. Furthermore, the therapeutic effect of HUCMSCs, and exosomes from HUCMSCs were also examed in vivo and vitro. Immunohistochemical and real‐time PCR were used to examine the expression of relative pathways. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student–Newman–Keuls post hoc t test were used to analyze the results and determine the statistical significance of the differences.

Results

Results showed that titanium particles caused the osteolysis at the mice cranial in vivo and a large number of macrophages that migrated, while local injection of HUCMSCs and exosomes did inhibit the cranial osteolysis and migration. An exosome inhibitor GW4869 significantly increased the osteolysis area in the mice cranium osteolysis model, and increased the number of migrated macrophages. Immunohistochemical results suggested that the expression of CCL2, CCL3 and CD68 in the cranial in Titanium particles mice increased significantly, but was significantly reduced by HUCMSCs or exosomes. HUCMSC and exosomes down‐regulate the expression of CCL3 in vitro and in vivo.

Conclusion

HUCMSCs and HUCMSC‐derived exosomes could suppress the titanium particles‐induced osteolysis in mice through inhibiting chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 3.