bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute pain assessment and management in the prehospital setting, in the Western Cape, South Africa: A Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Survey
Authors: Lourens Andrit , Hodkinson Peter , Parker Romy
Published: August 2019

Background:
Acute pain is frequently encountered in the prehospital setting, and therefore, is known to be a fundamental aspect of quality emergency care. Research has shown a positive association between pain management practices and health care providers’ knowledge of, and attitudes towards pain. This study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of emergency care providers in relation to acute pain assessment and management in the prehospital setting, in the Western Cape, South Africa.

Methods:
A web-based descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among emergency care providers of all qualifications, using a face-validated Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Pain survey.

Results:
A hundred (n=100) respondents, with a mean age of 34.74 (SD 8.13) years and mean of 10.02 (SD 6.47) years of experience participated. Most respondents were male (69%), employed in the public/government sector (93%) as operational emergency care providers (85%) with 54% (n=54) of respondents having attended medical education on pain assessment and management in the last two years.
The overall mean percentage of correct answers for knowledge and attitudes regarding pain among emergency care providers was 58.01% (SD 15.66) with gaps identified in various aspects of pain and pain management including: basic knowledge of pain physiology; pain assessment; indicators of severe pain; pharmacological and non-pharmacological pain management; culture and spiritual influences; and pain expression. Practitioners with a higher qualification, more years’ experience and those who did not attend medical education on pain, achieved higher overall scores. Pain scores were not assigned to patients’ as self-reported while overall, limited pain relief was provided.

Conclusion:
Our results suggest that there is suboptimal knowledge and attitudes regarding pain among most levels of emergency care qualifications. Pain education is essential, it should occur regularly, and specific educational initiatives aimed at addressing pain knowledge and attitudes have been indicated. Future work should focus on the additional description of the gaps in pain knowledge and attitudes among emergency care providers and exploring the decline over time. Description of barriers to and enablers of pain care in the South African prehospital setting is imperative. Organisational culture should endorse and monitor prehospital pain care.
The interactome of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus nucleocapsid protein
Authors: Tan Min , Ding Guofei , Cai Xinna , Cao Shengliang , Cong Fangyuan , Liu Jiaqi , Zhao Yuzhong , Liu Sidang , Liu Guangliang , Xiao Yihong
Published: August 2019

Background

Many viral proteins specifically interact with cellular proteins to facilitate virus replication. Understanding these interactions can decipher the viral infection mechanism and provide potential targets for antiviral therapy. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), the agent of PED, causes numerous economic losses for the swine industry each year. Till now, no effective vaccine or drugs are available to contain this disease. As a result, it is critical urgent to elucidate the PEDV interactome. The nucleocapsid (N) of PEDV plays an important role in viral replication.

Results

In this study, the N gene was cloned into pEGFP-C1 and transfected into 293T cells. The interactome of N was elucidated by label-free mass spectrometry. A total of 125 cellular proteins interacting with PEDV N protein were discovered, of which 4 cellular proteins, DHX9, NCL, KAP1, TCEA1, were confirmed by pull down, immunoprecipitation, and co-localization.

Conclusions

The interactome of N protein supplied a powerful tool to explore the role of N in PEDV infection and therapeutic targets.
What is the advantage of rectal amputation with an initial perineal approach for primary anorectal carcinoma?
Authors: Funahashi Kimihiko , Goto Mayu , Kaneko Tomoaki , Ushigome Mitsunori , Kagami Satoru , Koda Takamaru , Nagashima Yasuo , Yoshida Kimihiko , Miura Yasuyuki
Published: August 2019

Background: Rectal amputation (RA) remains an important surgical procedure for salvage despite advances in sphincter-preserving resection, including intersphincteric resection. The aim of this study was to compare short- and long-term outcomes of RA with an initial perineal approach to those of RA with an initial abdominal approach (conventional abdominoperineal resection (APR)) for primary anorectal cancer.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the short- and long-term outcomes of 48 patients who underwent RA with an initial perineal approach (perineal group) and 21 patients who underwent RA with an initial abdominal approach (conventional group).
Results: For the perineal group, the operation time was shorter than that for the conventional group (313 vs. 388 minutes, p = 0.027). The postoperative complication rate was similar between the two groups (43.8 vs. 47.6%, p = 0.766). Perineal wound complications (PWCs) were significantly fewer in the perineal group than in the conventional group (22.9 vs. 57.1%, p = 0.006). All 69 patients underwent complete TME, but positive CRM was significantly higher in the conventional group than in the perineal group (0 vs. 19.0%, p = 0.011). There were no significant differences in the recurrence (43.8 vs. 47.6%, p = 0.689), 5-year disease-free survival (63.7% vs. 56.7%, p = 0.665) and 5-year overall survival rates (82.5% vs. 66.2%, p = 0.323) between the two groups.
Conclusion: These data suggest that RA with an initial perineal approach for selective primary anorectal carcinoma is advantageous in minimizing PWCs and positive CRMs. Further investigations on the advantages of this approach are necessary.
Two Novel Mutations in the ALPL gene of Unrelated Chinese Children with Hypophosphatasia: Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Mao Xiaojian , Liu Sichi , Lin Yunting , Chen Zhen , Shao Yongxian , Yu Qiaoli , Liu Haiying , Lu Zhikun , Sheng Huiyin , Lu Xinshuo , Huang Yonglan , Liu Li , Zeng Chunhua
Published: August 2019

Objective: Hypophosphatasia (HPP) is an inherited disorder of defective skeletal mineralization caused by mutations in the ALPL gene that encodes the Tissue Non-specific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNSALP). It is subdivided into six forms depending on the age of onset: perinatal lethal, prenatal benign, infantile, childhood, adult, and odonto HPP. Among these, infantile HPP is characterized by early onset and high frequency of lethal outcome. Few studies have reported the phenotype and genetic characteristics of HPP in Chinese children.

Case presentation: Three forms of HPP were identified in four unrelated patients from four different Chinese families, including one lethal infantile (patient 1), two childhood (patient 2 and 3) and one odonto HPP (patient 4). Six variants in the ALPL gene were identified, including five missense mutations and one frameshift mutation. Of which, none were reported previously in the Chinese population, and two were novel (c.359G>C: p.G120A and c.1017dupG: p.H340AfsX3). Patient 1 carrying a novel homozygous (c.359G>C) mutation showed respiratory distress and pneumonia at first day of his life. He presented nearly negligible level of serum ALP activity, overall skeletal hypominaralization and died at 3 months old. Patient 2, 3 and 4 were compound heterozygotes with decreased serum ALP activity. Patient 2 and 3 presented premature loss of deciduous teeth, muscle weakness and bone pain, whereas patient 4 had early loss of deciduous teeth only. All four pedigrees exhibited autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance.

Conclusions: In this study, six mutations in the ALPL gene were found in four Chinese HPP patients. Two of which were novel: c.359G>C in exon 5 and c.1017dupG in exon 10. Our results show that the novel mutation c.359G>C is strongly indicated to be disease-causing and associated with severe infantile form of HPP.
Multi-model tourist forecasting: case study of Kurdistan Region of Iraq
Authors: Rasul Azad , Ahmad Hamdamin Dewana Amanj , Muhammad Nuri Saed Saadaldeen
Published: August 2019

The tourism industry has been one of the leading service industries in the global economy in recent years and the number of international tourism in 2018 reached 1.4 billion. The goal of the research is to evaluate the performance of various methods for forecasting tourism data and predict the number of tourists during 2019 and 2022. Performance of 15 prediction models (i.e. Local linear structural, Naïve, Holt, Random walk, ARIMA) was compared. Based on error measurements matrix (i.e. RMSE, MAE, MAPE, MASE), the most accurate method was selected to forecast the total number of tourists from 2019 to 2022 to Kurdistan Region (KR), then forecasts were performed for each governorate in KR. The results show that among 15 examined models of tourist forecasting in KR, Local linear structural and ARIMA (7,3,0) model performed best. The number of tourists to KR and each governorate in KR is predicted to increase by most experimented models, especially those which demonstrated higher accuracy. Generally, the number of tourist to KR predicted by ARIMA (7,3,0) is a lot bigger than Local linear structure. Linear structural predicted the number increase to 3,137,618 and 3,462,348 in 2020 and 2022, respectively, while ARIMA (7,3,0) predicted the number of tourists to KR to increase rapidly to 3,748,416 and 8,681,398 in 2020 and 2022.
Efficacy of an electrochemical flow cell introduced into the electrochemical Fenton-type process using a Cu(I)/HOCl system
Authors: Kishimoto Naoyuki , Ito Saki , Kato Masaaki , Otsu Hideo
Published: August 2019

An electrochemical flow cell was introduced into the electrochemical Fenton-type process using a Cu(I)/HOCl system. The effects of the current density and the initial cupric ion (Cu2+) concentration on the process performance were discussed. The current efficiency of the process improved from 6.1% for an electrolytic tank system to 33% for the electrochemical flow cell system at a current density of 5.0 mA/cm2 and an initial Cu2+ concentration of 1.0 mM. The current efficiency increased to 58% for Cu2+ concentrations of 2.0 mM and beyond. The cathodic reduction of Cu2+ to the cuprous ion (Cu+) emerged as the rate-determining step in comparison to the anodic production of free chlorine. The introduction of the electrochemical flow cell enhanced the cathodic production of Cu+ by reinforcing the mass transfer of the Cu2+ to the cathode, and the detachment of micro bubbles generated electrochemically at the cathode surface. A decrease in the current density and an increase in the initial Cu2+ concentration also improved the current efficiency by promoting the cathodic production of Cu+. This involved the prevention of the cathodic reduction of protons to hydrogen gas and the elevation of the electrode potential of the cathodic reaction from Cu2+ to Cu+.
The Association Between Internet Searches and Moisturizer Prescription in Japan: Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Mimura Wataru , Akazawa Manabu
Published: August 2019

Background

Heparinoid is a medication prescribed in Japan for skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis and dry skin. Heparinoid prescription has increased with instances of internet blogs recommending its use as a cosmetic.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the prescription trends in moisturizer use and analyze their association with internet searches.

Methods

We used a claims database to identify pharmacy claims of heparinoid-only prescriptions in Japan. Additionally, we used Google Trends to obtain internet search data for the period between October 1, 2007, and September 31, 2017. To analyze the association between heparinoid prescriptions and internet searches, we performed an autoregressive integrated moving average approach for each time series.

Results

We identified 155,733 patients who had been prescribed heparinoid. The number of prescriptions increased from 2011 onward, and related internet searches increased from 2012 onward. Internet searches were significantly correlated with total heparinoid prescription (correlation coefficient=.25, P=.005). In addition, internet searches were significantly correlated with heparinoid prescription in those aged 20-59 years at –1-month lag in Google Trends (correlation coefficient=.30, P=.001).

Conclusions

Google searches related to heparinoid prescriptions showed a seasonal pattern and increased gradually over the preceding several years. Google searches were positively correlated with prescription trends. In addition, in a particular age group (20-59 years), prescriptions increased with the increase in internet searches. These results suggest that people obtained health-related information on the internet and that this affected their behavior and prescription requests.
You Get What You Pay for on Health Care Question and Answer Platforms: Nonparticipant Observational Study
Authors: Ameri Fatemeh , Keeling Kathleen , Salehnejad Reza
Published: August 2019

Background

Seeking health information on the internet is very popular despite the debatable ability of lay users to evaluate the quality of health information and uneven quality of information available on the Web. Consulting the internet for health information is pervasive, particularly when other sources are inaccessible because of time, distance, and money constraints or when sensitive or embarrassing questions are to be explored. Question and answer (Q&A) platforms are Web-based services that provide personalized health advice upon the information seekers’ request. However, it is not clear how the quality of health advices is ensured on these platforms.

Objective

The objective of this study was to identify how platform design impacts the quality of Web-based health advices and equal access to health information on the internet.

Methods

A total of 900 Q&As were collected from 9 Q&A platforms with different design features. Data on the design features for each platform were generated. Paid physicians evaluated the data to quantify the quality of health advices. Guided by the literature, the design features that affected information quality were identified and recorded for each Q&A platform. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and unbiased regression tree methods were used for the analysis.

Results

Q&A platform design and health advice quality were related. Expertise of information providers (beta=.48; P=.001), financial incentive (beta=.4; P=.001), external reputation (beta=.28; P=.002), and question quality (beta=.12; P=.001) best predicted health advice quality. Virtual incentive, Web 2.0 mechanisms, and reputation systems were not associated with health advice quality.

Conclusions

Access to high-quality health advices on the internet is unequal and skewed toward high-income and high-literacy groups. However, there are possibilities to generate high-quality health advices for free.
Identification of Rice Variety Using Geometric Features and Neural Network
Authors: Srimulyani Wahyu , Musdholifah Aina
Published: August 2019

Indonesia has many food varieties, one of which is rice varieties. Each rice variety has physical characteristics that can be recognized through color, texture, and shape. Based on these physical characteristics, rice can be identified using the Neural Network. Research using 12 features has not optimal results. This study proposes the addition of geometry features with Learning Vector Quantization and Backpropagation algorithms that are used separately.The trial uses data from 9 rice varieties taken from several regions in Yogyakarta. The acquisition of rice was carried out using a camera Canon D700 with a kit lens and maximum magnification, 55 mm. Data sharing is carried out for training and testing, and the training data was sharing with the quality of the rice. Preprocessing of data was carried out before feature extraction with the trial and error thresholding process of segmentation. Evaluation is done by comparing the results of the addition of 6 geometry features and before adding geometry features.The test results show that the addition of 6 geometry features gives an increase in the value of accuracy. This is evidenced by the Backpropagation algorithm resulting in increased accuracy of 100% and 5.2% the result of the LVQ algorithm.
Upaya Peningkatan Status Kesehatan Kelompok Rentan dengan Pendekatan Pembelajaran dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
Authors: Wulandari Cahyo , Setiyarini Dwi Wahyu , Bariroh Khulatul , Laraswati Laraswati , Azhari M. Fa’iq , Ibnu Aziz Rezza Abdurrahman
Published: August 2019

Kelompok rentan adalah suatu kelompok yang idealnya diperhatikan oleh pemerintah dan berbagai pihak. Hal ini tercantum dalam UU No. 39 tahun 1999 tentang kelompok rentan. Penerapan undang-undang tersebut sangat penting dilakukan oleh semua pihak termasuk akademisi. Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang program pengabdian masyarakat khususnya pada kesehatan kelompok rentan di kegiatan KKN-PPM (Kuliah Kerja Nyata-Pengabdian Pemberdayaan Masyakat) tahun 2017 di Desa Kebonrejo, Kecamatan Banjarejo, Blora. Metode yang digunakan adalah sensus, wawancara, pendekatan yang observatif dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis yang dilakukan berfokus pada hal pengolahan data angka yang diinterpretasikan dengan fenomena kesehatan pada masyarakat desa tersebut. Analisis tersebut menghasilkan penyelesaian masalah berupa konsultasi, pendidikan dan pelatihan dalam bidang kesehatan. Beberapa program yang tim lakukan adalah sensus kesehatan, pelatihan kader kesehatan, pendampingan posyandu, penyuluhan swamedikasi dan pemeriksaan kesehatan lanjut usia. Dengan metode penyelesaian masalah tersebut diharapkan dapat turut membantu menyelesaikan masalah kesehatan kelompok rentan di Desa Kebonrejo. Selain hal itu, artikel ini juga menjelaskan pentingnya ada kader atau kelompok masyarakat yang terjun langsung dalam bidang kesehatan dan mengevaluasi kegiatan kelompok tersebut.
HIGH-FREQUENCY VIBRATIONS IN THE CONTACT OF BRAKE SYSTEMS
Authors: Otto Johannes , Ostermeyer Georg-Peter
Published: August 2019

The processes and interactions that occur due to friction in the brake are still not fully understood today. In particular, the processes in the boundary layer have been shown to be responsible for a variation in the coefficient of friction and the associated wear. Dynamic contact structures in the boundary layer are made responsible for this behaviour. Vibration analyses on brake systems usually concentrate on operating vibrations analyses of the brake system components. In order to gain an understanding of the cause of such phenomena and oscillations, it is necessary to understand the mechanism of origin in the contact area. Therefore, highly specialized tribotesters have been developed at the Institute for Dynamics and Vibration to investigate the dynamic processes through experiments and simulative investigations. It can be shown that ultrasonic frequencies are generated in the friction boundary layer. These ultrasonic frequencies could not only be found in pin-on-disc testers, but also in complete vehicle brake systems. It was possible to identify that the vibration signatures between 20 and 80 kHz depend on a whole series of different influencing variables and have no dependence on the testing machine. In connection with the friction theories, it is an open question whether these oscillations can be made responsible as a kind of trigger pulse for the squealing of 1 to 20 kHz. In addition, it is a problem that the parking sensors installed in the vehicle work on an ultrasonic basis in the same frequency range and can therefore lead to failure due to these frequencies.
IMPACT OF INDENTOR SLIDING VELOCITY AND LOADING REPETITION FACTOR ON SHEAR STRAIN AND STRUCTURE DISPERSION IN NANOSTRUCTURING BURNISHING
Authors: Kuznetsov Victor P. , Skorobogatov Andery S. , Gorgots Vladimir G.
Published: August 2019

The article probes into a relationship of the shear strain intensity and the shear strain rate in the surface layer and the sliding velocity of a spherical indentor and its loading repetition factor. It brings forward an experimental procedure to evaluate the shear strain intensity and rate by analyzing the geometrical parameters of the bulge of plastically edged metal and the thickness of the shifted layer relative to different sliding velocities and feed rates.
FROM WINKLER’S FOUNDATION TO POPOV’S FOUNDATION
Authors: Argatov Ivan
Published: August 2019

In recent years, the method of dimensionality reduction (MDR) has started to figure as a very convenient tool for dealing with a wide class of elastic contact problems. The MDR modeling framework introduces an equivalent punch profile and a one-dimensional Winkler-type elastic foundation, called henceforth Popov’s foundation. While the former mainly accounts for the geometry of contact configuration, the Popov foundation inherits the main characteristics of both the contact interface (like friction and adhesion) and the contacting elastic bodies (e.g., anisotropy, viscoelasticity or inhomogeneity). The discussion is illustrated with an example of the Kendall-type adhesive contact for an isotropic elastic half-space.
MICROSTRUCTURE-BASED SIMULATIONS OF QUASISTATIC DEFORMATION USING AN EXPLICIT DYNAMIC APPROACH
Authors: Romanova Varvara , Balokhonov Ruslan , Emelianova Evgeniya , Zinovieva Olga , Zinoviev Aleksandr
Published: August 2019

Microstructure-based simulations of the deformation processes require substantial computational resources due to the necessity of using detailed meshes with a large number of elements. An approach that considerably reduces the computational costs implies simulation of quasistatic deformation within a dynamic approach involving a solution of the motion equations rather than the equilibrium equations. It enables a transition from implicit to explicit time integration providing a significant gain in the computational capacity. In this paper, we show that the explicit dynamic approach can be successfully used in the microstructure-based simulations of quasistatic deformation, considerably reducing the computational costs without losing the information and solution accuracy. The following conditions have to be met to ensure a close agreement between the dynamic and static solutions: (i) the load velocity in the dynamic calculations must be smoothly increased to its amplitude value and then kept constant to minimize the acceleration term appearing in the equation of motion and (ii) the constitutive model employed must describe a quasi-rate-independent response. An examination of the mesh convergence and the strain-rate dependence for a polycrystalline aluminum model has supported this conclusion.
CONTACT OF MULTI-LEVEL PERIODIC SYSTEM OF INDENTERS WITH COATED ELASTIC HALF-SPACE
Authors: Goryacheva Irina G. , Torskaya Elena V.
Published: August 2019

The contact of a periodic system of spherical indenters of different heights and radii of curvature with two-layered elastic half-space is considered. Numerical-analytical method is developed to determine contact pressure distribution and internal stresses taking into account mutual effect of contact spots. The results for relatively hard and soft coatings are analyzed for different values of input parameters: nominal pressure, contact density, coating thickness.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON THE USE OF MIND MAPPING APPLICATION SOFTWARE IN LEARNING WRITING
Authors: Fadillah Rahmad
Published: August 2019

The aim of this research is to investigate the students’ perception on the use of Mind Mapping in learning writing. Mixed method was employed to describe the students’ perception on the use of Mind Mapping in learning writing and the advantages and disadvantages of Mind Mapping in learning writing. The researcher took class B who joined writing IV class in academic years 2014 as the research subjects. This research used questionnaire and interview as the instruments for collecting the data. Moreover, The research findings showed that there were positive and negative perception on the use of Mind Mapping in learning writing. The majority of the students had positive perception on the use of Mind Mapping in learning writing and they perceived that Mind Mapping is an effective way to help them to organize the ideas in learning writing. Furthermore, the use of Mind Mapping in learning writing gives three advantages, namely: (1) Mind Mapping eased the students to think and organize their ideas before writing something; (2) it facilitated the students to develop their ideas and (3) it helped the students remember better about the ideas. The findings also showed two disadvantages, namely: (1) Mind Mapping took longer time to create and organize the ideas; and (2) it needed computer access to create a Mind Mapping.
User Perception Affects Search Engine Advertising Avoidance: Moderating Role of User Characteristics
Authors: Li Yujie
Published: August 2019

Researchers have examined avoidance of traditional media advertising (e.g., television advertising) and general Internet advertising (e.g., banner advertising), but less attention has been paid to search engine advertising (SEA) avoidance, particularly in the Chinese context. Therefore,
I analyzed the effects of 3 components of user perception of SEA (perceived goal impediment, perceived advertising clutter, and prior negative experience) and 2 components of user characteristics (monthly income and advertising location awareness) on SEA avoidance in a sample of 348 working
professionals who use Chinese search engines. Results showed that user perception had a significantly positive impact on SEA avoidance, monthly income attenuated the positive impact of perceived advertising clutter but intensified the positive impact of prior negative experience on SEA avoidance,
and advertising location awareness enhanced the positive impact of perceived advertising clutter on SEA avoidance. Implications of the findings for effective advertising on search engines are discussed.
Can Self-training in Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy Alleviate Mild Depression Among Chinese Adolescents?
Authors: Xu Xiao-Pan , Zhu Xiao-Wei , Liu Qing-Qi
Published: August 2019

We tested whether self-training in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy could help improve the mental health of adolescents with mild depression. We conducted a wait-list controlled trial during which 14 adolescents in a self-training group completed the 8-week mindfulness-based cognitive
therapy in daily life program, and 18 adolescents in a control group did not do any mindfulness self-training until the adolescents in the self-training group had completed the 8-week program. The mixed-measures 2 (testing stage) × 2 (group type) analyses of variance showed significant
interaction effects on depression, mindfulness, affect balance, and meaning in life. Specifically, there was no significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores for depression, mindfulness, affect balance, and meaning in life among adolescents in the control group. For adolescents
in the self-training group, however, the posttest scores for depression were significantly lower than the scores in the pretest, and the posttest scores for mindfulness, affect balance, and meaning in life were significantly higher. Our findings show that adolescents with mild depression can
improve their mental health by completing a program of self-training in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
A importância social da imagem: Reflexões sobre diferença, representação e poder em diálogo com um pensamento decolonial
Authors: Parfentieff de Noronha Danielle
Published: August 2019

Este artigo parte das premissas que vivemos numa sociedade cada vez mais visual, e que a produção e consumo de todo tipo de narrativa icônica, seja estática, seja em movimento, são algumas das principais características de nossas sociedades ocidentais, tanto no âmbito individual quanto coletivo. Neste sentido, a análise das imagens pode nos ajudar a compreender diversas dinâmicas e relações – de poder, saber e ser – que são desenvolvidas social e culturalmente, que incluem os modos como construímos o mundo ao redor e as percepções que temos sobre a diferença, sobre os outros e sobre nós mesmos. Com o objetivo de ampliar as possibilidades de análise e a compreensão sobre as representações relacionadas à diferença (re)produzidas pelos meios de comunicação e informação hegemônicos, este trabalho propõe pensar como o paradigma decolonial pode auxiliar na construção de reflexões sobre a produção, reprodução e consumo das imagens. O artigo apresenta uma revisão teórica sobre a relação entre imagem e realidade, em seguida traz algumas premissas sobre o pensamento decolonial, e finaliza com as possibilidades de diálogo entre decolonialidade e imagem.
De Gregório de Matos Repentista e outros Improvisos na Literatura Colonial
Authors: Aguiar Rafael Hofmeister de , Tettamanzy Ana Lúcia Liberato
Published: August 2019

Resumo: O presente trabalho aborda o improviso como elemento constituinte da poética brasileira do período colonial, sobretudo na obra de Gregório de Matos, questionando as posições etno e eurocentristas que incluem produções orais ibéricas trovadorescas e humanistas na historiografia das literaturas hispânica e luso-brasileira, mas excluem o cantar dos cantadores nordestinos e outros artífices da voz. Essa posição ainda assume, para justificar suas supressões, uma visada scriptocentrista, situando como composição escrita o que fora erigido na performance, como é o caso da obra de Gregório de Matos. Por isso, neste trabalho, realizamos uma abordagem histórica e filológica, permeada por uma sensibilidade antropológica, que questiona tais concepções. Para isso, habilita o papel histórico da viola como instrumento não só de auxílio à composição poética como também de sociabilização no Brasil Colônia e analisa com rigor filológico um corpus de composições do poeta baiano, evidenciando o papel da voz e da performance e realizando uma abordagem comparativista com os cantadores nordestinos. Palavras-chave: Literatura luso-brasileira. Poéticas da voz. Pós-colonialismo. Gregório de Matos.  Improviso. Abstract: The current work addresses the improvisation as a constituent element of the Brazilian poetics of the colonial period, especially in the work of Gregório de Matos, questioning the ethno and Eurocentric positions that include troubadour and humanistic Iberian oral productions in the historiography of Hispanic and Luso - Brazilian literatures, but they exclude the singing of the northeastern singers and other artists of the voice. This position still assumes, in order to justify its suppressions, a scriptocentrist aim, locating as written composition what had been erected in the performance, as it is the case of the work of Gregory of Matos. Therefore, in this work, we perform a historical and philological approach, permeated by an anthropological sensitivity, which questions such conceptions. To this end, it enables the historical role of the viola as an instrument not only to aid poetic composition but also to socialization in Brazil Colony and analyzes with philological rigor a corpus of compositions of the Bahian poet, highlighting the role of voice and performance and carrying out an comparativist approach with the northeastern singers. Keywords: Luso-Brazilian literature. Poetics of the voice. Postcolonialism. Gregório de Matos. Improvisation
O Sujeito Híbrido e a Não-pertença em Rui Knopfli
Authors: Nassr Paula Terra , Conte Daniel
Published: August 2019

ResumoEste estudo trata a respeito da condição híbrida e do não-pertencimento do sujeito poético do escritor moçambicano Rui Knopfli. Em seus poemas, o que percebemos é que não se representa um sujeito coadunado aos princípios do colonialismo, ao passo que não se conforta como sujeito engajado no contexto político pós-independência. Dessa maneira, acaba por empreender um movimento diaspórico e exila-se em outros espaços em que possa se sentir habitado de sentido, encontrando em sua poética, o refúgio para escapar ao não-pertencimento. As questões do sujeito híbrido knopfliano dentro de seu contexto de produção, serão abordadas neste estudo, detendo-se, especificamente, em poemas e recortes discursivos nos quais fica mais evidente o espaço da não-pertença. É a partir da materialidade poética de Knopfli, amparando-se  em Augé, Bachelard, Hall, Monteiro, Said, Subarits entre outros, que discutiremos a pemanência da imagem colonial no discurso do poeta moçambicano e o entre espaço como lugar de enunciação poética. Palavras-Chave: Rui Knopfli, literatura moçambicana, não-pertença, poesia. Abstract: This study deals with the hybrid condition and non-belonging of the poetic subject of the Mozambican writer Rui Knopfli. In his poems, what we perceive is that one does not represent a subject in accordance with the principles of colonialism, while he does not comfort himself as a subject engaged in the post-independence political context. In this way, he eventually undertakes a diasporic movement and exiles himself in other spaces where he can feel inhabited by sense, finding in his poetics the refuge to escape non-belonging. The questions of the hybrid subject knopfliano within its context of production, will be approached in this study, stopping, specifically, in poems and discursive cuts in which the space of non-belonging is most evident. It is based on the poetic materiality of Knopfli, relying on Augé, Bachelard, Hall, Monteiro, Said, Subarits among others, that we will discuss the emergence of the colonial image in the speech of the Mozambican poet and the space as a place of poetic enunciation. Key Words: Rui Knopfli, Mozambican literature, non-belonging, poetry.
CCL21 Expression in β-Cells Induces Antigen-Expressing Stromal Cell Networks in the Pancreas and Prevents Autoimmune Diabetes in Mice
Authors: Gonzalez Badillo Freddy E. , Zisi Tegou Flavia , Abreu Maria M. , Masina Riccardo , Sha Divya , Najjar Mejdi , Wright Shane H. , Bayer Allison L. , Korpos Éva , Pugliese Alberto , Molano R. Damaris , Tomei Alice A.
Published: August 2019

Tumors induce tolerance toward their antigens by producing the chemokine CCL21, leading to the formation of tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs). Ins2-CCL21 transgenic, nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice express CCL21 in pancreatic β-cells and do not develop autoimmune diabetes. We investigated by which mechanisms CCL21 expression prevented diabetes. Ins2-CCL21 mice develop TLOs by 4 weeks of age, consisting of naive CD4+ T cells compartmentalized within networks of CD45−gp38+CD31− fibroblastic reticular cell (FRC)–like cells. Importantly, 12-week-old Ins2-CCL21 TLOs contained FRC-like cells with higher contractility, regulatory, and anti-inflammatory properties and enhanced expression of β-cell autoantigens compared with nontransgenic NOD TLOs found in inflamed islets. Consistently, transgenic mice harbored fewer autoreactive T cells and a higher proportion of regulatory T cells in the islets. Using adoptive transfer and islet transplantation models, we demonstrate that TLO formation in Ins2-CCL21 transgenic islets is critical for the regulation of autoimmunity, and although the effect is systemic, the induction is mediated locally likely by lymphocyte trafficking through TLOs. Overall, our findings suggest that CCL21 promotes TLOs that differ from inflammatory TLOs found in type 1 diabetic islets in that they resemble lymph nodes, contain FRC-like cells expressing β-cell autoantigens, and are able to induce systemic and antigen-specific tolerance leading to diabetes prevention.
The Impact of Sotagliflozin on Renal Function, Albuminuria, Blood Pressure, and Hematocrit in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: van Raalte Daniël H. , Bjornstad Petter , Persson Frederik , Powell David R. , de Cassia Castro Rita , Wang Ping Stella , Liu Minzhi , Heerspink Hiddo J.L. , Cherney David
Published: August 2019

OBJECTIVE

In people with type 2 diabetes, sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) reduce cardiovascular risk and progression of diabetic kidney disease. Our aim was to determine whether sotagliflozin (SOTA), a dual SGLT1i and SGLT2i, had favorable effects on clinical biomarkers suggestive of kidney protection in adults with type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In this 52-week pooled analysis, 1,575 adults enrolled in the inTandem1 and inTandem2 trials were randomized to SOTA 200 mg, 400 mg, or placebo in addition to optimized insulin therapy. Changes in cardiorenal biomarkers were assessed.

RESULTS

At 52 weeks, in response to SOTA 200 and 400 mg, the placebo-corrected least squares mean change from baseline in estimated glomerular filtration rate was −2.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P = 0.010) and −0.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 (P = 0.52), respectively. Systolic blood pressure difference was −2.9 and −3.6 mmHg (P < 0.0001 for both); diastolic blood pressure changed by −1.4 (P = 0.0033) and −1.6 mmHg (P = 0.0008). In participants with baseline urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) ≥30 mg/g, UACR decreased by 23.7% (P = 0.054) and 18.3% (P = 0.18) for SOTA 200 and SOTA 400 mg, respectively, versus placebo. Increases in serum albumin and hematocrit and reductions in uric acid were observed throughout 52 weeks with both SOTA doses.

CONCLUSIONS

SOTA was associated with short- and long-term renal hemodynamic changes, which were similar to those seen with SGLT2i in type 2 diabetes. Further investigation around cardiorenal effects of SOTA in people with type 1 diabetes is justified.
Endüstriyel Kontrol Sistemlerine (SCADA) Yönelik Siber Terör Saldırı Analizi
Authors: SÖĞÜT Esra , ERDEM O. Ayhan
Published: August 2019

Denetleyici Kontrol ve Veri
Toplama Sistemleri veya Endüstriyel Kontrol Sistemleri, önemli görülen kritik
altyapıların kontrolünü sağlayan sistemlerdir. Kritik altyapılara yönelik gerçekleştirilen
ataklar, siber terör atakları olarak değerlendirilir. Bu kritik altyapıların siber
terör ataklarına karşı güvenliğinin sağlanması ve işleyişinin devamlılığı büyük
önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada kritik altyapılardan gaz boru hattı kontrol
sistemine ait bir veri kümesi kullanılmaktadır. Veri kümesinde, mevcut SCADA
protokollerinden Modbus protokolüne yönelik Command Injection, Reconnaissance
and DoS (Denial of Service) gibi kategorilerde çeşitli ataklar
gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylece atak uygulanan ve atak uygulanmayan durumların sahip
olduğu davranışların incelenmesi, değerlendirilmesi ve atak tespitinin
yapılabilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Bunun için veri kümesi üzerinde çeşitli
algoritmalar ile veri madenciliği yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen analiz
sonuçlarına göre en doğru sınıflandırma oranının Random Tree algoritması ile
sağlandığı görülmüştür. Bu algoritmaya ait analiz sonuçları incelenerek siber
terör atak davranışları belirlenmiş ve böylece siber terör atak tespitinin
gerçekleştirilmesi için ilgili alana önemli bir katkı sunulmuştur. Denetleyici
Kontrol ve Veri Toplama Sistemlerinin veya Endüstriyel Kontrol Sistemlerinin
siber güvenliğinin sağlanması için bu tür çalışmaların daha fazla yapılması ve
yeni veri kümelerinin üretilerek kullanıma sunulması gerekmektedir.
Influence of the Fabrication Technique on the Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Ceramic Onlays
Authors: Neto CF , Santos GC , Santos MJMC
Published: August 2019

This study aimed to evaluate the marginal and internal adaptation of partial coverage crowns (ceramic onlays) fabricated with Press, CEREC BlueCam, and CEREC OmniCam systems, using two preparation designs and evaluating the internal discrepancies at different locations. Two phantom maxillary premolars (master teeth) received different preparation designs, with (BX) and without (NB) a modified occlusal box with round internal angles. Sixty IPS e-max ceramic restorations were fabricated with three systems: Press (n=20), CEREC BlueCam (n=20), and CEREC OmniCam (n=20). Both marginal and internal discrepancy width were measured by using a stereomicroscope at ×25 magnification. The data were evaluated statistically using analysis of variance followed by Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test (α=0.05). The ceramic restorations fabricated with the Press system presented significantly smaller marginal and internal disadaptations than the BlueCam and OmniCam CEREC systems (p<0.0001). Regarding the preparation designs, preparation BX presented the smallest marginal discrepancies for all fabrication systems and larger internal discrepancies than for restorations fabricated with the Press system. The occlusal location presented a larger internal discrepancy compared with the axial locations. Although the three systems resulted in the fabrication of restorations within a clinically acceptable adaptation with marginal discrepancies below 100 μm, the Press system presented the smallest marginal and internal discrepancies. An improved marginal adaptation was observed in the preparation design with a modified occlusal box with rounded internal angles.
Breve história da evolução do construto proficiência em línguas
Authors: Quevedo-Camargo Gladys
Published: August 2019

Com base no uso leigo do termo proficiência – é fácil, rápido e simples aprender uma língua – e na sua percepção como conceito absoluto, foi utilizado o método da revisão bibliográfica para se recuperar o sentido técnico do construto proficiência em línguas e destacar seis modelos propostos a partir da década de 1960 sobre o que é ser proficiente em uma língua. O surgimento das escalas de proficiência contribuiu para a compreensão do construto como um conceito relativo, porque elas, desenvolvidas para contextos específicos, causaram impacto no ensino de línguas e no conteúdo e organização de livros didáticos. Conclui sobre as implicações desse construto para diferentes agentes envolvidos com: 1) ensino – escolha de materiais didáticos, definição do currículo, papel do professor de línguas; 2) aprendizagem – aluno consciente da relevância, da utilidade e do sentido da língua; 3) avaliação – alicerçada em necessidades comunicativas sociais reais.
Bibliografia comentada sobre validade e confiabilidade de exames de proficiência em línguas
Authors: Fortes Melissa , Kunrath Simone
Published: August 2019

Apresentamos nessa Bibliografia Comentada resumos acerca de importantes pesquisas (artigos, livros, teses) sobre validade e confiabilidade de exames de proficiência, desenvolvidas e problematizadas por meio de diferentes metodologias e áreas do conhecimento.
Redação do Enem: um olhar para os direitos humanos
Authors: Teixeira Wagner
Published: August 2019

O Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) indica o desempenho dos alunos ao final da educação básica e permite o acesso à universidade. Organizado por áreas do conhecimento e eixos cognitivos, avalia entre outros aspectos, a produção de um texto escrito em que os alunos devem elaborar proposta de intervenção solidária sobre um tema, considerando os direitos humanos presentes em pactos e documentos internacionais dos quais o Brasil é signatário. A análise está fundamentada em documentos norteadores da educação brasileira e em considerações de investigadores que abordam o papel da escola no processo de promoção dos direitos humanos. Ao final, breve relato de experiência desenvolvida em Manaus, capital do Estado do Amazonas comprova a influência do Enem sobre a escola e, de maneira especial, sobre as práticas docentes.
Chinese EFL Teachers’ Misunderstandings about TBLT: What They Should Do?
Authors: Zhu-xiu Tan
Published: August 2019

Task-based language teaching (TBLT) is frequently advocated as an effective language teaching approach to enable learners to use language through communicative tasks. Along with the improvement of English language teaching under the high-profile use of TBLT as a pedagogical innovation in English classes, there exist many misunderstandings about TBLT among the teachers and researchers in Chinese EFL context. The paper argues that TBLT is not only output-based, learner-centered and meaning-focused as commonly understood, but also input-based, teacher-centered and caters for language form. To date, there have been few systematic studies as such on EFL teachers’ misunderstandings in this field in China. This paper aims at identifying misunderstandings of TBLT from theoretical and practical perspectives in order to make clear of these great misunderstandings and provide suggestions as to what teachers should do to more successfully implement TBLT in the Chinese EFL context.
autóbusszal közlekedő utasokat az Európai Unióban megillető jogok
Authors: Zoványi Nikolett
Published: August 2019

The European Parliament and the Council adopted new rules for passengers traveling by buses. The 181/2011/EU Regulation concerning the rights of passengers in bus and coach transport developed a strict liability of bus carriers in cases of delay and cancellation. It deals with accidents, the meaning of right to information, handling of complaints, and the non-discrimination and mandatory assistance for disabled persons and persons with reduced mobility.The Regulation is entered into force on March 21st 2013. The article is about to analyze the content and the meaning of these new rules and rights passengers have when they use bus transportation.
#DontTweetThis: Scoring Private Information in Social Networks
Authors: Wang Qiaozhi , Xue Hao , Li Fengjun , Lee Dongwon , Luo Bo
Published: August 2019

With the growing popularity of online social networks, a large amount of private or sensitive information has been posted online. In particular, studies show that users sometimes reveal too much information or unintentionally release regretful messages, especially when they are careless, emotional, or unaware of privacy risks. As such, there exist great needs to be able to identify potentially-sensitive online contents, so that users could be alerted with such findings. In this paper, we propose a context-aware, text-based quantitative model for private information assessment, namelyPrivScore, which is expected to serve as the foundation of a privacy leakage alerting mechanism. We first solicit diverse opinions on the sensitiveness of private information from crowdsourcing workers, and examine the responses to discover a perceptual model behind the consensuses and disagreements. We then develop a computational scheme using deep neural networks to compute a context-free PrivScore (i.e., the “consensus” privacy score among average users). Finally, we integrate tweet histories, topic preferences and social contexts to generate a personalized context-aware PrivScore. This privacy scoring mechanism could be employed to identify potentially-private messages and alert users to think again before posting them to OSNs.
TOPPool: Time-aware Optimized Privacy-Preserving Ridesharing
Authors: Pagnin Elena , Gunnarsson Gunnar , Talebi Pedram , Orlandi Claudio , Sabelfeld Andrei
Published: August 2019

Ridesharing is revolutionizing the transportation industry in many countries. Yet, the state of the art is based on heavily centralized services and platforms, where the service providers have full possession of the users’ location data. Recently, researchers have started addressing the challenge of enabling privacy-preserving ridesharing. The initial proposals, however, have shortcomings, as some rely on a central party, some incur high performance penalties, and most do not consider time preferences for ridesharing. TOPPool encompasses ridesharing based on the proximity of end-points of a ride as well as partial itinerary overlaps. To achieve the latter, we propose a simple yet powerful reduction to a private set intersection on trips represented as sets of consecutive road segments. We show that TOPPool includes time preferences while preserving privacy and without relying on a third party. We evaluate our approach on real-world data from the New York’s Taxi & Limousine Commission. Our experiments demonstrate that TOPPool is superior in performance over the prior work: our intersection-based itinerary matching runs in less than 0.3 seconds for reasonable trip length, in contrast, on the same set of trips prior work takes up to 10 hours.