bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The boundaries of vision communication—The effects of vision‐task goal‐alignment on leaders' effectiveness
Authors: Gochmann Viktoria , Stam Daan , Shemla Meir
Published: January 2022

The leadership literature advances that vision communication is essential for leadership because it enhances follower motivation by providing a deeper meaning for one's job. However, empirical research on the relationship between visions and outcomes are mixed suggesting that moderators may be at play—and indeed moderators have been investigated in terms of follower characteristics and environmental circumstances. Yet, one crucial aspect of vision communication is overlooked: the notion that vision communication is embedded in the broader range of leadership behaviors and thus that vision communication effectiveness is dependent on how it relates to other leadership activities. In this research, we focus on leader task goal setting as a moderator of vision communication since task goal setting is strongly related to vision communication and is frequently used by leaders. Our hypotheses are based on Behavioral Integrity (BI) theory, which suggests that leaders are perceived as more effective when their words are mirrored in their deeds. In this vein, we propose that vision communication leads to better outcomes when the values communicated in a vision are aligned with values later communicated in task goals because alignment causes higher levels of BI of the leader. Results of a scenario study and a field study support these predictions and we discuss implications for research and practice, such as leadership development programs.
Exosomes as a messager to regulate the crosstalk between macrophages and cardiomyocytes under hypoxia conditions
Authors: Zhang Zenglei , Xu Yanyan , Cao Chang , Wang Bo , Guo Jiacheng , Qin Zhen , Lu Yongzheng , Zhang Jianchao , Zhang Li , Wang Wei , Zhang Jinying , Tang Junnan
Published: January 2022

Recent studies have confirmed that cardiomyocyte‐derived exosomes have many pivotal biological functions, like influencing the progress of coronary artery disease via modulating macrophage phenotypes. However, the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between cardiomyocytes and macrophages have not been fully characterized. Hence, this study aimed to observe the interaction between cardiomyocytes under hypoxia and macrophages through exosome communication and further evaluate the ability of exosomes derived from cardiomyocytes cultured under hypoxic conditions (Hypo‐Exo) to polarize macrophages, and the effect of alternatively activated macrophages (M2) on hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Our results revealed that hypoxia facilitated the production of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) in H9c2 cell‐derived exosomes. Moreover, exosomes derived from cardiomyocytes cultured under normal conditions (Nor‐Exo) and Hypo‐Exo could induce RAW264.7 cells into classically activated macrophages (M1) and M2 macrophages respectively. Likewise, macrophage activation was induced by circulating exosomes isolated from normal human controls (hNor‐Exo) or patients with acute myocardial infarction (hAMI‐Exo). Thus, our findings support that the profiles of hAMI‐Exo have been changed, which could regulate the polarization of macrophages and subsequently the polarized M2 macrophages reduced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in return. Based on our findings, we speculate that exosomes have emerged as important inflammatory response modulators regulating cardiac oxidative stress injury.
Newly developed type 1 diabetes after coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination: A case report
Authors: Sasaki Hironobu , Itoh Arata , Watanabe Yasuhiro , Nakajima Yuya , Saisho Yoshifumi , Irie Junichiro , Meguro Shu , Itoh Hiroshi
Published: January 2022

The vaccine for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been reported to potentially cause or worsen diabetes. A 73‐year‐old Japanese woman received two doses of Moderna COVID‐19 vaccine. Four weeks after the second vaccination, her glycemic control began to deteriorate, and 8 weeks after the second vaccination, the patient was diagnosed with new‐onset type 1 diabetes that was strongly positive for autoantibodies and showed a disease‐susceptible human leukocyte antigen haplotype, DRB1*04:05:01‐DQB1*04:01:01. The glucagon stimulation test suggested an insulin‐dependent state, and induction of intensive insulin therapy brought about fair glycemic control. The time period from the COVID‐19 vaccination to the development of type 1 diabetes was relatively longer than to the onset or exacerbation of type 2 diabetes, as previously reported, suggesting the complicated immunological mechanisms for the destruction of β‐cells associated with the vaccination. In recipients with the disease‐susceptible haplotypes, one should be cautious about autoimmune responses for several months after the vaccination.
Causes of longitudinal nail splitting: a retrospective 56‐case series with clinical pathological correlation
Authors: Inthasot S. , André J. , Richert B.
Published: January 2022

Background

Split nail (SN) is a rare type of nail fragility syndrome, characterized by a longitudinal fissure involving the entire thickness of the nail plate. Longitudinal nail splitting may be caused by direct injury to the nail plate or matrix insult. Few articles have been published on the topic, most were related to the traumatic aetiology. Some case reports mention tumours and inflammatory disorders as other causes.

Objectives and Methods

The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the clinical and histopathological features of 56 SN collected at the nail consultation of the dermatology department at Saint Pierre University Hospital in Brussels, between 1997 and 2019.

Results

Fifty‐six patients were included (34 women and 22 men) with median age of 44.2 years. The fingernails were 3.2 times more frequently affected than toenails, especially the thumb. The most frequent aetiologies were tumours (45.6%), inflammatory diseases (26.3%) and traumas (19.3%). Congenital (5.3%) and systemic disorders (3.5%) were rarer causes. Histopathological slide review confirmed that alteration of the nail matrix integrity causes split nail, resulting either from matrix stretching by an underlying tumour or from impairment of the keratinization process by inflammatory diseases, melanocytic tumours and Bowen's disease.

Conclusions

This study is the largest case series of longitudinal nail splitting to date. It is the first to gather nail disorders causing SN with their clinical pathological correlation. The most common causes are traumatisms, tumours and inflammatory disorders. Congenital and systemic disorders are rarer. Tumours are responsible for half of the cases from which one third are malignant, mainly melanoma. When facing a monodactylic SN, benign as well as malignant tumours should be ruled out before concluding to traumatic aetiology.
Do Firearm Markets Comply with Firearm Restrictions? How the Massachusetts Assault Weapons Ban Enforcement Notice Changed Registered Firearm Sales
Authors: Balakrishna Meenakshi , Wilbur Kenneth C.
Published: January 2022

How well do firearm markets comply with firearm restrictions? The Massachusetts Attorney General issued an Enforcement Notice in 2016 to announce a new interpretation of the key phrase “copies and duplicates” in the state's assault weapons ban. The Enforcement Notice increased assault rifle sales by 1349 (+560%) within 5 days, followed by a reduction of 211 (−58%) over the next 3 weeks. Assault rifle sales were 64%–66% lower in 2017 than in comparable earlier periods, suggesting that the Enforcement Notice reduced assault weapon sales but also that many banned weapons continued to be sold.
Improving providers' survival estimates and selection of prognosis‐ and guidelines‐appropriate treatment for patients with symptomatic bone metastases: Development of the Bone Metastases Ensemble Trees for Survival Decision Support Platform
Authors: Alcorn Sara R. , Elledge Christen R. , LaVigne Anna W. , Kleinberg Lawrence , Smith Thomas J. , Levin Adam S. , Fiksel Jacob , Zeger Scott , McNutt Todd , DeWeese Theodore L. , Wright Jean L.
Published: January 2022

Rationale, Aims and Objectives

In the management of symptomatic bone metastases, current practice guidelines do not provide clear methodology for selecting palliative radiotherapy (RT) regimens based on specific patient and disease features. Decision support aids may offer an effective means for translating the complex data needed to render individualised treatment decisions, yet no such tools are available for use in this setting. Thus, we describe the development of the Bone Metastases Ensemble Trees for Survival‐Decision Support Platform (BMETS‐DSP), which aims to optimise selection of evidence‐based, individualised palliative RT regimens.

Method

The Ottawa Decision Support Framework was used as the theoretical basis for development of BMETS‐DSP. First, we utilised stakeholder input and review of the literature to assess determinants underlying the provider decision. Based on this assessment and iterative stakeholder feedback, we developed the web‐based, provider‐facing BMETS‐DSP. Consistent with the underlying theoretical framework, our design also included assessment of decision quality using the International Patient Decision Aids Standards (IPDAS) certification checklist.

Results

Stakeholder input and review of 54 evidence‐based publications identified the following determinants of the provider decision: estimated prognosis, characteristics of the target symptomatic lesion and the primary cancer type, consideration of alternative interventions, access to patient‐specific recommendations, and patient preferences. Based on these determinants, we developed the BMETS‐DSP that (1) collects patient‐specific data, (2) displays an individualised predicted survival curve, and (3) provides case‐specific, evidence‐based recommendations regarding RT, open surgery, systemic therapy, and hospice referral to aid in the decision‐making process. The finalised tool met IPDAS quality requirements. Preliminary results of a pilot assessment suggest impact of clinical outcomes.

Conclusions

We describe the successful development of a provider‐facing decision support platform to aid in the provision of palliative RT in better alignment with patient and disease features. Impact of the BMETS‐DSP on decision outcomes will be further assessed in a randomised, controlled study.
Circadian clock in plants: Linking timing to fitness
Authors: Xu Xiaodong , Yuan Li , Yang Xin , Zhang Xiao , Wang Lei , Xie Qiguang
Published: January 2022

Endogenous circadian clock integrates cyclic signals of environment and daily and seasonal behaviors of organisms to achieve spatiotemporal synchronization, which greatly improves genetic diversity and fitness of species. This review addresses recent studies on the plant circadian system in the field of chronobiology, covering topics on molecular mechanisms, internal and external Zeitgebers, and hierarchical regulation of physiological outputs. The architecture of the circadian clock involves the autoregulatory transcriptional feedback loops, post‐translational modifications of core oscillators, and epigenetic modifications of DNA and histones. Here, light, temperature, humidity, and internal elemental nutrients are summarized to illustrate the sensitivity of the circadian clock to timing cues. In addition, the circadian clock runs cell‐autonomously, driving independent circadian rhythms in various tissues. The core oscillators responds to each other with biochemical factors including calcium ions, mineral nutrients, photosynthetic products, and hormones. We describe clock components sequentially expressed during a 24‐h day that regulate rhythmic growth, aging, immune response, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Notably, more data have suggested the circadian clock links chrono‐culture to key agronomic traits in crops.
ENETS standardized (synoptic) reporting for neuroendocrine tumour pathology
Authors: van Velthuysen Marie‐Louise F. , Couvelard Anne , Rindi Guido , Fazio Nicola , Hörsch Dieter , Nieveen van Dijkum Els J. , Klöppel Günter , Perren Aurel
Published: January 2022

In recent years the WHO classification of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN) has evolved. Nomenclature as well as thresholds for grading have changed leading to potential confusion and lack of comparability of tumour reports. Therefore, the European Neuroendocrine Tumour Society (ENETS) has set‐up an interdisciplinary working group to develop templates for a pathology data set for standardised reporting of NEN. Experts of various disciplines, members of the ENETS Advisory Board, formed a taskforce that discussed and decided on the structure, content and the number of templates needed for reporting the most common NEN. The selection of the required items was based on the WHO classification of digestive system tumours, the WHO classification of tumours of the lung and mediastinum and on “ENETS standard of care” reports. The final proposal of the working group was approved by the ENETS Advisory Board. Templates for synoptic reporting were created for the seven most common NEN primary sites, that is, stomach, duodenum, jejunum‐ileum, appendix, colon‐rectum, pancreas, lung and mediastinum. In addition, a general template for reporting biopsies was designed. The templates allow the recording of the essential items on differentiation, proliferation (Ki‐67 and mitosis), neuroendocrine features (positivity for chromogranin A and synaptophysin) and stage as well as several optional markers especially helpful for the distinction of neuroendocrine tumours (NET) from neuroendocrine carcinomas (NEC). In summary, this paper presents the content and development of synoptic reports for most sites of NEN by a multidisciplinary team of international experts in the field, which could help to improve unambiguous reporting of NEN.
The health of mothers of adult children with serious conditions
Authors: Cha Hyungmin , Crosnoe Robert
Published: January 2022

Objective

This study examined the association between parenting adult children with serious conditions and mothers' midlife health in the United States.

Background

The literature about the link between the parenting status of having an adult child with a serious condition and maternal wellbeing can be advanced by systematic analysis of the cumulative role that this parenting status can play in maternal health over the life course as opposed to at any one point.

Methods

Propensity score reweighting models of data from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth 1979 and its linked child and young adult data estimated disparities in midlife health among mothers of adult children with serious conditions (disabilities, developmental disorders, chronic diseases) and mothers of typically developing children, including examining variation by how long mothers had been in this parenting role and moderation by maternal education and marital status.

Results

Mothers of young adult children with serious conditions had poorer physical (but not mental) health at midlife than other mothers, especially when more years had elapsed since the child was diagnosed with or developed the condition. These patterns did not differ by maternal education and marital status.

Conclusion

The dynamics of epidemiological risk and protection among parents of children with serious conditions were temporally situated in the maternal life course but were consistent across different segments of the maternal population.
Sleep, substance misuse and addictions: a nationwide observational survey on smoking, alcohol, cannabis and sleep in 12,637 adults
Authors: Leger Damien , Andler Raphaël , Richard Jean‐Baptiste , Nguyen‐Thanh Viêt , Collin Olivier , Chennaoui Mounir , Metlaine Arnaud
Published: January 2022

For a good night’s sleep, we consensually recommend avoiding alcohol, smoking and drugs. However, these addictions are highly prevalent in the general population, and it is difficult to estimate their real impact on sleep. The aim of this study is to clarify the association between sleep habits and disorders, and addictions. The design was a telephone crossover national recurrent health poll survey (Santé publique France, Baromètre santé, 2017; Questionnaire, pp. 53; Saint Maurice) in a representative sample of French adults. There were 12,367 subjects (18–75 years old) who answered the survey. Sleep log items assessed sleep schedules (total sleep time) on work and leisure days: at night, while napping, and over 24 hr using a sleep log. Retained items include: (1) short sleep (≤ 6 hr/24 hr); (2) chronic insomnia (International Classification of Sleep Disorders, 3rd edition criteria); and (3) chronotype (evening–morning–neutral). Psychoactive substances retained included tobacco (current or former users), alcohol (daily consumption and weekly binge drinking), cannabis (Cannabis Abuse Screening Test), and other drugs (consumption during the past year). We found that: (1) daily smokers (lightly or heavily dependent) were more frequently short sleepers than occasional smokers and non‐smokers; (2) heavily dependent daily smokers were more likely to suffer from insomnia than other smokers or non‐smokers; (3) short sleep and insomnia were not significantly associated with the consumption of alcohol, cannabis or any other drug; (4) the evening chronotype was significantly associated with the consumption of tobacco, alcohol and cannabis. In conclusion, our study highlights significant relationships between the use of psychoactive substances and sleep characteristics among adults, emphasizing the need to take into account each subject individually.
Effect of sampling site on the diagnosis of canine parvovirus infection in dogs using polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Segev Gilad , Yaaran Tal , Maurice Sarah , Baneth Gad
Published: January 2022

Background

Accurate diagnosis is imperative in dogs with clinical signs of parvovirus infection (CPV‐2).

Objectives

To assess quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) for the diagnosis of CPV‐2 infection, and determine the optimal sampling site. Secondarily, to compare qRT‐PCR with a point‐of‐care PCR kit (PCRun), and to assess sensitivity of serology for CPV diagnosis.

Animals

Sixty dogs with naturally acquired parvovirus infection, 44 unvaccinated puppies, of which 16 were followed after first and second vaccination, 15 adult dogs, of which 10 were followed also after a booster vaccine, and 9 dogs with distemper virus infection.

Methods

Prospective study. Samples from the rectum, blood, and pharynx were obtained for PCR.

Results

All dogs with a clinical diagnosis of parvovirus infection were positive by qRT‐PCR in at least 1 sampling site (ie, rectum, blood, pharynx), and 50 (83%) of 60 were positive in all sites. qRT‐PCR was negative in 67 (99%) of 68 healthy puppies (before‐vaccination), puppies with distemper, and healthy adult dogs. Ten days after initial vaccination of puppies, 62% (fecal), 31% (blood), and 12% (pharyngeal) of samples were positive for CPV‐2 on qRT‐PCR. The proportion of positive pharyngeal samples decreased 20 days after vaccination and all sites were negative 12‐28 days after second vaccination. Vaccinated adults were negative before and after booster vaccination.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Molecular detection of CPV is sensitive, but specificity is hampered temporarily during the vaccination period. Blood, feces, and pharynx are suitable sampling sites. Fecal samples had the lowest sensitivity in sick dogs and highest positivity in puppies after vaccination.
An Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis of paediatric cardiology trainee experiences during COVID‐19
Authors: Quyam Sadia , Abumehdi Mohammad
Published: January 2022

Context

Medical training during the COVID‐19 pandemic has placed extra‐ordinary demands on individuals within a context of rapid and iterative systems changes. The contemporaneous lived experience of trainees during this time has mainly been examined with surveys. Our study aims to provide a rich account of the experience of being a trainee during the pandemic to deepen our conceptual understanding of wellness. This holds relevance as we move away from examining the immediate innovations of the pandemic and towards long‐term adjustments.

Methods

We used Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) to explore the experiences of trainees in paediatric cardiology during the pandemic. Five trainees were purposively recruited. Initial semi‐structured interviews were held during the first wave of the pandemic with follow‐up interviews held during the second wave.

Results

Three superordinate paradoxical themes were recognised in the data: connectedness and isolation, disruption and stasis and vulnerability and strength.

Discussion

Disruption to routine activities of service delivery, training and home‐life pervaded the pandemic and was experienced as stasis. Technology maintained the trainee's connection to the content of work but left them feeling isolated from its context. Vulnerability arose from interplay between illness, uncertainty and perception of risk, contrasted against strength drawn from compassion and the discovery of resilience. Supporting trainees as we emerge from the initial phase of the pandemic requires us to review how we understand and address wellness, including the contribution of organisational and systemic factors to its protection. Participants described varying states of impaired wellness and experienced a normalisation of aspects of vulnerability. We theorise that trainees were able to find opportunities for growth and the development of resilience within the space that this created.
Learning to Perceive: Grace and the Emotional Conundrum of Disability
Authors: Maican Petre
Published: January 2022

When persons with disabilities enter a room, they frequently elicit strong emotional reactions from their non‐disabled peers. These reactions are well known in disability studies and often they are blamed for the difficulty of integrating persons with disabilities into communities. Theologians have interpreted this emotional shock as proof that persons with disabilities are revelatory of God’s grace because they shatter our idolatrous anthropologies and socio‐political constructs. What has been discussed less is why everybody does not recognize this presence of grace in persons with disabilities, nor how those who experience negative feelings such as anger or disgust could overcome them. This article addresses these questions by appealing to the Eastern Orthodox ascetic tradition, where the grace of God becomes visible for those who learn to control their emotions and purify their sight from self‐interest.
Compatibility of prolonged infusion antibiotics during Y‐site administration
Authors: Nunez‐Nunez María , Murillo‐Izquierdo Manuel , Moya‐Martin Marisa , Hoxha Malvina , Quesada Pérez M. Teresa , Oltra‐Hostalet Fernando , Alonso‐Ramos Hector , Cordero‐Ramos Jaime , Barrera‐Cabeza Jose , Retamar‐Gentil Pilar , Fernández‐del‐Castillo Santiago Sandoval
Published: January 2022

Background

Antimicrobial resistance is a threat to global public health. The use of prolonged infusions in the hospital setting for certain antimicrobials is widely increasing in order to improve their efficacy and safety, including resistance development. Due to limited vascular access, it is important to clarify whether they can be infused through the same line with other drugs during Y‐site administration.

Aim

The aim of this review is to update and summarize the evidence on Y‐site compatibility of antibacterial agents administered as prolonged infusions in intensive care units (ICUs).

Study Design

A literature review of PubMed, EMBASE and Trissel's Handbook on Injectable Drugs databases was conducted on the compatibility of selected antimicrobials administered simultaneously at a Y‐site connection with parenteral nutrition and other widely used drugs in ICUs. All articles published up to October 30, 2021, in English or Spanish were included, regardless of the type of publication (original articles, case reports, letters, etc.). Eligible antimicrobials were those that can be administered as prolonged infusions: ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftaroline, cloxacillin, ceftobiprole, vancomycin and fosfomycin.

Results

A total of 1302 drug‐to‐drug potential combinations were explored, 196 (15.05%) were found to be incompatible, and in 541 (41.55%), data were not available. The results were presented in a simple 2‐dimensional consultation chart as a quick reference for health care professionals.

Conclusions

This review provides useful and reliable information on the compatibility of antimicrobials administered as Y‐site infusion with other drugs commonly used in the critical setting. This review contributes to patient safety in nursing practice.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

To our knowledge, this is the first review on Y‐site compatibility of antimicrobials used as prolonged infusions with other commonly used drugs, including anti‐emetics, analgesics and anti‐epileptic and parenteral nutrition. The results of the current review need to be addressed to promote the knowledge sharing between health professionals and improve the quality and safety of patients. We believe that this review may serve as a simple and effective 2‐dimensional updated drug‐to‐drug compatibility reference chart for critical care nurses.
PCBP2 knockdown promotes ferroptosis in malignant mesothelioma
Authors: Yue Lin , Luo Yaguang , Jiang Li , Sekido Yoshitaka , Toyokuni Shinya
Published: January 2022

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is still increasing worldwide. The pathogenesis depends on asbestos‐induced iron accumulation, which eventually leads to ferroptosis‐resistance of mesothelial cells via somatic mutations. Poly (rC)‐binding proteins 1 and 2 (PCBP1/2) are recently recognized cytosolic Fe(II) chaperones. Here we studied the role of PCBP1/2 in rat/human mesothelial and MM cells as well as rat/human MM specimens. Normal peritoneal mesothelial cells in rats exhibited PCBP1 but not PCBP2 immunopositivity whereas primary/immortalized mesothelial cells showed PCBP1/2 immunopositivity. Rat MM specimens induced by intraperitoneal injection of chrysotile, including in situ lesion, revealed PCBP1/2 immunopositivity (90% for both) in the nucleus and cytoplasm with a tendency of higher expression in epithelioid subtype. Knockdown of PCBP2 but not PCBP1 significantly decreased both TfR1 and FTH expression in MM cells with inhibition of proliferation, indicating stagnation of intracellular iron transport. Erastin, a cysteine‐deprivation type ferroptosis inducer, decreased the expression of both PCBP1/2 in MM cells. Furthermore, PCBP2 knockdown significantly increased the sensitivity of MM cells to erastin‐induced ferroptosis with increased catalytic Fe(II). In conclusion, PCBP2 works for ferroptosis‐resistance not only during mesothelial carcinogenesis but also in MM, which warrants further investigation as a novel therapeutic target.
Representative Bureaucracy Theory and the Implicit Embrace of Whiteness and Masculinity
Authors: Portillo Shannon , Humphrey Nicole , Bearfield Domonic A.
Published: January 2022

Throughout much of representative bureaucracy literature, scholars have primarily focused on the representation of people seen as other in the professional workforce—people of color and women. However, whiteness and masculinity have been central to the development of public administration as a field of scholarship and practice. As a field, we have often avoided explicit discussions regarding the impact whiteness and masculinity. We argue that silences around race and gender have significant implications. Using representative bureaucracy as a frame, we seek to highlight how acknowledging whiteness and masculinity in our scholarship can help provide a more comprehensive understanding of race and gender in public administration.
Design and development of a web‐based interactive twin platform for watershed management
Authors: Qiu Yinguo , Duan Hongtao , Xie Hui , Ding Xiaokang , Jiao Yaqin
Published: January 2022

There are limitations to traditional digital watershed platforms in terms of realistic visualization of geospatial elements and powerful decision support for watershed management. To advance the status quo, a web‐based digital twin is designed and implemented in this article that can: (1) realize virtual simulation of geographic elements on the browser side; (2) present the current situation and excessive information of the watershed water environment; and (3) provide decision support for integrated watershed management. Multiple 3D modeling methods are adopted cooperatively for total‐factor virtual simulation of geographic elements, and a browser‐side data loading scheme is designed for dynamic loading and cull rendering of 3D models. Additionally, schemes for spatiotemporal modeling of multisource data, analysis of multitype data, and scientific computation of mathematical models are proposed to support precise watershed management, making the platform practical. The implemented digital twin is applied in the Chaohu Lake Watershed, demonstrating that it can realize both stunning visual effects and practical decision‐support functions.
A Metaphysical Puzzle forNeo‐FregeanAbstractionists
Authors: Donaldson Thomas
Published: January 2022

We discuss abstraction principles in the context of modal and temporal logic. It is argued that abstractionism conflicts with both serious presentism and serious actualism.
Safety Optimal Design of Lithium-Ion Battery Cell Based on Multiphysics Models
Authors: Li Wei , Wu Kai , Song Jinyang , Chen Yong , Qiu Wei , Li Jiani , Xu Jun
Published: January 2022

The behavior of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) under mechanical loading is a complex multiphysics process including mechanical deformation, internal short circuit, and thermal runaway. To deeply understand the mechanism of battery failure and accurately predict the onset of internal short circuit and thermal runaway, a multiphysics-based computation framework of LIBs is in pressing need. In this article, a multiphysics model that couples five submodels (mechanical model, internal short-circuit model, battery model, heat transfer model, and thermal runaway model) is established to predict the evolution of force, voltage, and temperature under steel ball compression. The suitable agreement between simulation results and experimental data of batteries with different state of charges demonstrates that the proposed model is capable of predicting the multiphysical behavior of the battery. Further, a systematic parametric study is conducted to investigate the short-circuit triggering and temperature rise of batteries under different conditions, and the workflow of battery safety optimal design is proposed by applying the multiphysics model.
A Knowledge-Based Approach Toward Representation and Archiving of Aesthetic Information for Product Conceptual Design
Authors: Hu Huicong , Liu Ying , Lu Wen Feng , Guo Xin
Published: January 2022

The representation and archiving of design information play an essential role in product conceptual design by enabling the design teams to reuse existing solutions. However, most existing studies on information management of conceptual design focus mainly on the systematization of function-related design knowledge, while few studies are related to the aesthetic aspect of design information. The challenge lies in acquiring and quantifying the aesthetic information involved in conceptual design activities. It is also difficult to represent and archive the relationships and hierarchies of aesthetic information in conceptual design. In this context, this study proposes a method to facilitate the searching and retrieval of existing design solutions with effective representation and archiving of both functional and aesthetic information in conceptual design. First, to address the challenge of acquiring and quantifying the aesthetic information, Kansei adjectives and aesthetic design principles were applied to quantify the aesthetic design information. Second, a model using knowledge-based information representation and an approach for archiving conceptual design information was proposed to represent and archive the aesthetic information in hierarchal relationships. The proposed approach was illustrated by a case study of digital camera design. A system prototype with a domain-driven vocabulary to represent and archive aesthetic information for digital camera design was successfully developed to show the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Performance of Two-Dimensional Functionally Graded Anode Supported Solid-Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Osman Sameer , Ahmed Khaled , Ahmed Mahmoud
Published: January 2022

Ceramic materials used in solid-oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are subjected to high thermal stresses which is a result of the unequal thermal expansion coefficient of different layers. As a result, SOFCs are susceptible to failure at elevated temperatures, and therefore the maximum operating temperature is limited. Consequently, the power density is limited as well. Fuel cells with electrodes that have graded compositions in the thickness direction have been investigated to control the thermal expansion. In this study, two-dimensional grading is proposed for the electrodes and compared with the one-dimensional grading in terms of thermal stress and performance. A comprehensive model is developed for high-temperature SOFCs that include the momentum, species, energy, and charge transport equations. Furthermore, the bilinear elastoplastic model is used for the calculation of thermal stresses and failure of solids. Two-dimensional functionally graded electrodes are studied in which the grading is implemented in the thickness and length directions. Results indicate that continuous one-dimensional grading functions reduced thermal stresses by 40% for m = 0.8 compared with conventional electrodes. It also improved the electrochemical performance, as the maximum power density increased by 15%. For the 2D piecewise linear grading function, a further improvement of reducing thermal stresses by an extra 16.5% is obtained. Two-dimensional graded SOFCs can therefore operate at higher temperatures safely in terms of thermal stresses. This creates an opportunity to fabricate high-temperature, compact SOFCs for high-power applications.
An Explicit Coupling Model for Accurate Prediction of Force-Induced Deflection in Thin-Walled Workpiece Milling
Authors: Shi Da-Ming , Huang Tao , Zhang Xiao-Ming , Ding Han
Published: January 2022

Cutting force-induced vibrations in thin-walled parts milling may cause violation of dimensional tolerance while accurate modeling of the milling error distribution is still a challenging work because of the coupling effect between the dynamic cutting forces and the resulting steady-state vibrations. It greatly increases the computational complexity to capture the true cutter–workpiece engagement with classic time domain or iteration method. This paper proposes a novel explicit model to predict the error distribution considering this coupling relationship without iterative calculation. A new cutting force model with variable coefficients with respect to the deflections is developed to describe the dynamic cutting forces. The effectiveness of the force model is verified by a group of calibration experiments. The analytical solution of the dynamic model is discussed and a semi-analytical method is constructed to predict the error distribution directly. Machined surface as well as the deformation errors are derived and thin-walled workpiece milling experiments for verification are conducted. Comparisons between simulations and experiments show that the proposed method is accurate and efficient.
Estimation of Temperature-Dependent Effective Thermal Conductivity and Specific Heat of Thermally Bonded High Bulk Nonwoven Exposed to Sub-Zero Temperature
Authors: Dupade Vikrant , Premachandran B. , Rengasamy R. S. , Talukdar Prabal
Published: January 2022

In this work, temperature-dependent effective thermal conductivity and specific heat of high bulk thermally bonded polyester nonwovens (composed of four fibers, namely, 1.4 denier solid, 3 denier hollow, 6 denier hollow, and 15 denier hollow individually) are estimated for the sub-zero condition where the temperature drops up to 213 K (−60 °C). Experiments are performed in a custom-made climatic chamber for measurement of the transient sensor temperature data placed at a different location inside the fiber web. The test chamber can achieve and maintain the temperature in the range of 213–310 K. The properties are estimated using theoretical relations available in the literature. Heat transfer through the fiber web is assumed to be a one-dimensional coupled conduction-radiation problem. Effective thermal conductivity is calculated at a different ambient temperature ranging from 213 K to 273 K, and specific heat is calculated at an ambient temperature of 213 K. Experimental temperature profiles compare well with numerical temperature profiles and thus justify the numerical methodology adopted in this work. It can be seen from the results that effective thermal conductivity and specific heat decreases with a decrease in temperature which is favorable in providing more insulation in an extremely cold climate.
Infrared Drying Characteristics and Quality Variations of Lily Bulbs Under Blanching Pretreatment
Authors: Huang Dan , Yang Pei , Qin Yiting , Gong Guiliang , Tang Xiaohong , Luo Wusheng , Luo Lei , Sunden Bengt
Published: January 2022

Infrared drying characteristics and quality variations (color change, hardness, contents of polyphenol and flavonoid) of lily bulbs under blanching pretreatment are investigated. Influences of parameters such as pretreatment temperature and time and infrared drying temperature are discussed. Effective moisture diffusivity coefficient, activation energy, and energy consumption were calculated. Results showed that drying time was reduced by 62.5%, 56.3%, and 61.5% at 90 °C compared to 60 °C when blanching time was 4, 5, and 6 min, respectively. A blanching time of 5 min and drying temperature of 70 °C were ideal for pretreatment and drying to maintain good color quality. Hardness value of lily bulb decreased as drying temperature and blanching time increased. Seventy to eighty degree celcius was ideal drying condition to maintain good hardness quality. Blanching time and drying temperature differently affected contents of flavonoids and polyphenols of lily bulbs. Basically, when blanching time was relatively long and drying temperature was relatively high, the content of polyphenols was high.
Tribological Characterization of TiAlC Nanostructured Coatings Deposited by DC Pulse Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Gautam Rohit Kumar Singh , Nautiyal Hemant , Tyagi Rajnesh , Ranjan Vinayak
Published: January 2022

To reveal the effect of carbon content on tribological performance of coatings, TiAlC films having four different amounts of carbon content were synthesized using DC pulse magnetron sputtering. The amount of carbon was varied by using different graphite target powers of 400, 450, 500, and 550 W while keeping the TiAl target power fixed at 80 W. Sliding friction and wear behavior of TiAlC nanostructured coatings deposited on Si (100) substrates by (DC) pulse magnetron sputtering was examined against steel ball using a ball on disk configuration’ at a load of 1 N and sliding speed of 7 mm/s. The coating deposited at 500 W graphite target power attained a hardness of 20.24 GPa and elastic modulus of 246 GPa. Tribological test results indicate that the coating deposited at (500 W, 25 at% C) has the lowest coefficient of friction (COF) of 0.29 as well as the wear-rate of 6.52 × 10−13 (mm3/Nm). The observed behavior has been attributed to the increase in crystalline nano graphite phase, increase in compactness of coating, and the formation of compact oxide layer. The nano indentation statistics showed that resistance to plastic deformation (H3/E*2) and elastic strain to failure (H/E*) increased with the increasing target power and reached the highest value at (500 W, 25 at%C) in TiAlC films.
A Mechanism-Based General Theory for Friction of PTFE/PEEK Composite: Effects of PTFE Morphology and Composite Microstructure
Authors: Lo King Him , Qu Shuren , Wang Su Su
Published: January 2022

A combined experimental and analytical investigation is conducted to develop a mechanism-based general friction theory for PTFE/PEEK composite. The PTFE/PEEK composites with PTFE and PEEK volume contents ranged from 0% to 100% were fabricated; their microstructure features were examined and recorded; and their friction coefficients were determined by sliding friction experiments. From the observed microstructure features of PTFE/PEEK composite with different PTFE and PEEK volume contents and the well-recognized unique “band” morphology and sliding deformation mechanisms of the semi-crystalline PTFE, associated “apparent” sliding friction behavior is ascribed to the PTFE material in accordance with its volume content in the composite. A mechanism-based general friction theory is developed for PTFE/PEEK composite based on the associated “apparent” friction coefficient of the PTFE phase in composite. The general friction theory is validated through the excellent agreement obtained between the analytical predictions of composite friction coefficients and the comprehensive experimental results obtained from the sliding friction tests conducted in-house with a pin-on-disk tribometer, and also from those (obtained with different types of tribo-testers) reported in the literature.
Detection of Schizotetranychus sacharum (Acari: Tetranychidae) in a commercial nursery of pre-sprouted seedlings sugarcane
Authors: Silva Daiana Paixão Nogueira , Júnior de Andrade Daniel
Published: January 2022

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Finite-amplitude acoustic responses of large-amplitude vibration objects with complex geometries in an infinite fluid
Authors: Xie Fangtao , Qu Yegao , Meng Guang
Published: January 2022

High-intensity acoustic waves existing commonly in aeronautical and aerospace vehicles manifest nonlinear propagation behaviors. Large-amplitude vibration and irregular shape of the aerospace vehicles further complicate the acoustic responses. This paper is concerned with numerical analysis of finite-amplitude acoustic responses of complex-shaped vibration objects. The time-dependent effect of the solid boundary position due to the large-amplitude vibration of the objects is considered. A set of first-order differential equations is derived to govern the finite-amplitude acoustic wave. A fourth-order dispersion-relation-preserving finite difference formulation is employed to solve the nonlinear acoustic equations on a fixed Cartesian grid. Acoustic responses of the fluid and the vibration of the complex-shaped object are coupled by considering the compatibility conditions on the fluid-solid interface. A ghost-cell sharp-interface immersed boundary method is utilized to relax the conformity requirement between the computational grid and solid boundary. Numerical filters are employed in the computational procedure to suppress numerical oscillations. The present method is validated through several numerical tests. Numerical analysis of finite-amplitude acoustic responses of a complex-shaped object is performed. The nonlinear effect of a finite-amplitude acoustic wave, the time-dependent effect of solid boundary position, and the coupling effect between them on the propagation behaviors of nonlinear acoustic waves are discussed.
A nanoparticulate dual scavenger for targeted therapy of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Shi Chengxin , Dawulieti Jianati , Shi Feiyu , Yang Chao , Qin Qian , Shi Tongfei , Wang Lizhao , Hu Hanze , Sun Madi , Ren Li , Chen Fangman , Zhao Yawei , Liu Feng , Li Mingqiang , Mu Lijun , Liu Dan , Shao Dan , Leong Kam W. , She Junjun
Published: January 2022

A therapeutic strategy that targets multiple proinflammatory factors in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with minimal systemic side effects would be attractive. Here, we develop a drug-free, biodegradable nanomedicine that acts against IBD by scavenging proinflammatory cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Polyethylenimine (PEI) was conjugated to antioxidative diselenide-bridged mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONs) to formulate nanoparticles (MON-PEI) that exhibited high cfDNA binding affinity and ROS-responsive degradation. In ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease mouse colitis models, orally administered MON-PEI accumulated preferentially in the inflamed colon and attenuated colonic and peritoneal inflammation by alleviating cfDNA- and ROS-mediated inflammatory responses, allowing a reduced dose frequency and ameliorating colitis even after delayed treatment. This work suggests a new nanomedicine strategy for IBD treatment.
Two diphosphorylated degrons control c-Myc degradation by the Fbw7 tumor suppressor
Authors: Welcker Markus , Wang Baiyun , Rusnac Domniţa-Valeria , Hussaini Yasser , Swanger Jherek , Zheng Ning , Clurman Bruce E.
Published: January 2022

c-Myc (hereafter, Myc) is a cancer driver whose abundance is regulated by the SCF
Fbw7
ubiquitin ligase and proteasomal degradation. Fbw7 binds to a phosphorylated Myc degron centered at threonine 58 (T58), and mutations of Fbw7 or T58 impair Myc degradation in cancers. Here, we identify a second Fbw7 phosphodegron at Myc T244 that is required for Myc ubiquitylation and acts in concert with T58 to engage Fbw7. While Ras-dependent Myc serine 62 phosphorylation (pS62) is thought to stabilize Myc by preventing Fbw7 binding, we find instead that pS62 greatly enhances Fbw7 binding and is an integral part of a high-affinity degron. Crystallographic studies revealed that both degrons bind Fbw7 in their diphosphorylated forms and that the T244 degron is recognized via a unique mode involving Fbw7 arginine 689 (R689), a mutational hotspot in cancers. These insights have important implications for Myc-associated tumorigenesis and therapeutic strategies targeting Myc stability.
Multi-principal elemental intermetallic nanoparticles synthesized via a disorder-to-order transition
Authors: Cui Mingjin , Yang Chunpeng , Hwang Sooyeon , Yang Menghao , Overa Sean , Dong Qi , Yao Yonggang , Brozena Alexandra H. , Cullen David A. , Chi Miaofang , Blum Thomas F. , Morris David , Finfrock Zou , Wang Xizheng , Zhang Peng , Goncharov Vitaliy G. , Guo Xiaofeng , Luo Jian , Mo Yifei , Jiao Feng , Hu Liangbing
Published: January 2022

Nanoscale multi-principal element intermetallics (MPEIs) may provide a broad and tunable compositional space of active, high–surface area materials with potential applications such as catalysis and magnetics. However, MPEI nanoparticles are challenging to fabricate because of the tendency of the particles to grow/agglomerate or phase-separated during annealing. Here, we demonstrate a disorder-to-order phase transition approach that enables the synthesis of ultrasmall (4 to 5 nm) and stable MPEI nanoparticles (up to eight elements). We apply just 5 min of Joule heating to promote the phase transition of the nanoparticles into L1
0
intermetallic structure, which is then preserved by rapidly cooling. This disorder-to-order transition results in phase-stable nanoscale MPEIs with compositions (e.g., PtPdAuFeCoNiCuSn), which have not been previously attained by traditional synthetic methods. This synthesis strategy offers a new paradigm for developing previously unexplored MPEI nanoparticles by accessing a nanoscale-size regime and novel compositions with potentially broad applications.