bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of pore size and porosity on cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation of porous titanium
Authors: Yao Yi-tong , Yang Yue , Ye Qi , Cao Shan-shan , Zhang Xin-ping , Zhao Ke , Jian Yutao
Published: June 2021

To find out the optimal porosity and pore size of porous titanium (Ti) regarding the cytocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation. Six groups of porous Ti samples with different porosities and pore sizes were fabricated by the powder metallurgy process. The microstructure and compressive mechanical properties were characterized. The cytocompatibility was examined by a series of biological tests as protein absorption with BCA assay kit, cell attachment with laser scanning confocal microscopy and vinculin expression, cell proliferation with CCK-8 assay. Cell differentiation and calcification were detected by qPCR and Alizarin Red S dying respectively. Pores distributed homogeneously throughout the porous Ti samples. The compressive test results showed that Young’s modulus ranged from 2.80 ± 0.03 GPa to 5.43 ± 0.34 GPa and the compressive strength increased from 112.4 ± 3.6 MPa to 231.1 ± 9.4 MPa. Porous Ti with high porosity (53.3 ± 1.2%) and small pore size (191.6 ± 3.7 μm) adsorbed more proteins. More MC3T3-E1 cells adhered onto dense Ti samples than onto any other porous ones already after culture and no difference was identified within the porous groups. The porous structure of porous Ti with a porosity of 53.3 ± 1.2% and an average pore size of 191.6 ± 3.7 μm facilitated cell differentiation and calcification. Small pores were not beneficial to the osteo-initiation at the very beginning. Porous Ti with a porosity of 53.3 ± 1.2% and an average pore size of 191.6 ± 3.7 μm fabricated by powder metallurgy process showed the expected mechanical property and improved osseointegration as implants in dental treatment.
Examining the Effect of an Interdisciplinary Literacy Program on Student Learning
Authors: Wang Jia , Herman Joan L. , Leon Seth , Epstein Scott
Published: June 2021

The literacy design collaborative (LDC) was created to support teachers in implementing college and career readiness standards. Teachers work collaboratively with coaches to further develop their expertise and design standards-driven, literacy-rich writing assignments within their existing curriculum across content areas. The current paper reports on early student academic outcome results from a multi-year mixed methods study of the implementation and effect of LDC using a quasi-experimental design, as implemented in one large urban school district. We found LDC had statistically significant effects on Cohort 2 middle school students’ English language arts (ELA) performance, an effect size of (d = 0.15) for students receiving LDC instruction in the three core content areas LDC focuses on: ELA, science, and social studies/history.
Carbon stock estimation by dual-polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and forest inventory data in a Mediterranean forest landscape
Authors: Vatandaşlar Can , Abdikan Saygin
Published: June 2021

Forest ecosystems play a crucial role in mitigating global climate change by forming massive carbon sinks. Their carbon stocks and stock changes need to be quantified for carbon budget balancing and international reporting schemes. However, direct sampling and biomass weighing may not always be possible for quantification studies conducted in large forests. In these cases, indirect methods that use forest inventory information combined with remote sensing data can be beneficial. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images offer numerous opportunities to researchers as freely distributed remote sensing data. This study aims to estimate the amount of total carbon stock (TCS) in forested lands of the Kizildag Forest Enterprise. To this end, the actual storage capacities of five carbon pools, i.e. above- and below-ground, deadwood, litter, and soil, were calculated using the indirect method based on ground measurements of 264 forest inventory plots. They were then associated with the backscattered values from Sentinel-1 and ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 data in a Geographical Information System (GIS). Finally, TCS was separately modelled and mapped. The best regression model was developed using the HH polarization of ALOS-2 PALSAR-2 with an adjusted R2 of 0.78 (p < 0.05). According to the model, the estimated TCS was about 2 Mt for the entire forest, with an average carbon storage of 133 t ha−1. The map showed that the distribution of TCS was heterogenic across the study area. Carbon hotspots were mostly composed of pure stands of Anatolian black pine and mixed, over-mature stands of Lebanese cedar and Taurus fir. It was concluded that the total carbon stocks of forest ecosystems could be estimated using appropriate SAR images at acceptable accuracy levels for forestry purposes. The use of additional ancillary data may provide more delicate and reliable estimations in the future. Given the implications of this study, the spatiotemporal dynamics of carbon can be effectively controlled by forest management when coupled with easily accessible space-borne radar data.
Exceptionally preserved extracellular bone matrix proteins from the late Neogene proboscidean Anancus (Mammalia: Proboscidea)
Authors: Schmidt-Schultz Tyede H. , Reich Mike , Schultz Michael
Published: June 2021

In an exceptional preservation state, bones conserve the entire pattern of extracellular bone matrix proteins over thousands or sometimes even millions of years. Here we present typical extracellular bone matrix proteins, which were extracted from a 3.0-million-year-old gomphothere proboscidean, and identified with special antibodies. For the first time, osteonectin, osteopontin and BMP-2 were confidently identified from the extinct Anancus arvernensis, based on late Pliocene material from Willershausen, Lower Saxony, Germany. Our study has value in demonstrating that the longevity of original extracellular bone matrix proteins is much greater than formerly expected, and that such materials may be stabilised for distinct geological periods of time, especially in Fossil Lagerstätten.
Source Rock Characterization for Hydrocarbon Generative Potential and Thermal Maturity of Sutunga Coals, (East Jaintia Hill) Meghalaya, India: Petrographic and Geochemical Approach
Authors: Kumar Alok , Nath Manabendra , Singh Alok K.
Published: June 2021

The study presents hydrocarbon generative potential and thermal maturity of the Paleogene coals from Sutunga, Meghalaya, India using petro-geochemical method. The petrographic examination showed that the analyzed samples contain abundant vitrinite group macerals (mean 71.8%) with a significant amount of the liptinite (17.4%) group maceral, while the concentration of inertinite group is less (3.1%). Vitrinite reflectance (0.38 to 0.69 %Rom), indicates that the rank of Sutunga coals as sub-bituminous ‘B’ to high volatile bituminous ‘C’. The results obtained from rockeval pyrolysis show that the hydrogen index (HI) ranges from 245 to 348 mg HC/g TOC and temperature at S2 peak (Tmax) is 412 to 441 °C. These coals contain Type III and Type II/III kerogen and are immature in nature. The total organic carbon (TOC) and S2 yield of Sutunga coals vary from 27.5−93.3 wt%, and 86.0−300.1 mg HC/g rock respectively indicating its high potential for hydrocarbon.
Chip-based quantum key distribution
Authors: Kwek Leong-Chuan , Cao Lin , Luo Wei , Wang Yunxiang , Sun Shihai , Wang Xiangbin , Liu Ai Qun
Published: June 2021

Quantum key distribution is a matured quantum science and technology. Over the last 20 years, there has been substantial research and development in this area. Recently, silicon technology has offered tremendous promise in the field for improved miniaturization of quantum key distribution through integrated photonic chips. We expect further progress in this area both in terms of protocols, photon sources, and photon detectors. This review captures some of the recent advances in this area.
The Rarity of Rewarding
Authors: Guzman Andrew , Raustiala Kal
Published: June 2021

Explaining the drivers of compliance with international law has been a central concern of international lawyers (and many others) for decades. As international agreements have proliferated—exact numbers are elusive, but there may be 75,000 or more—understanding compliance has only grown in importance. In previous work we each have explored the question of compliance, focusing on the conceptual difficulties with compliance as a measure of effectiveness, the role of reputation, and other factors. The literature on compliance with international law is rich, interdisciplinary, and, at this point, over three decades old. In Rewarding in International Law, Anne van Aaken and Betül Simsek seek to offer a new perspective on the enduring topic of compliance: that of rewarding. In this essay, we suggest that rewards, when properly defined, are a conceptually interesting but empirically rare tool in the arsenal of states seeking to improve compliance with international law.
A compendium of community engagement responses to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Eder Milton Mickey ,   The PACER Group, Millay Tamara A. , Cottler Linda B.
Published: June 2021

Introduction:

Clinical and Translational Science Award Program (CTSA)-funded institutions were charged with developing clinical and translational science programs and transforming clinical research at their institutions. Community engagement (CE) was recognized as a key component and catalyst of that transformation. CE hub capacities for working with communities and translating knowledge into practice have been illustrated through their COVID-19 responses.

Methods:

CE hub leaders met and discussed their CTSA’s early responses regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2-hour discussion was distilled into themes which were sent to the CE hub leaders with a request for written accounts describing actions taken to engage local partners, communities, and institutions. The written reports form the basis for this compendium.

Results:

Eighteen institutions submitted written reports describing activities in relation to six themes: (1) listen to the community and respond to concerns, (2) collect data to understand the impact of COVID-19 on distinct communities and groups, (3) communicate science and address misinformation, (4) collaborate with health departments, (5) engage hubs and underrepresented populations in COVID-19 research, and (6) support our own well-being and that of others.

Conclusions:

Bidirectional interactions comprise the foundation of CE, which requires trusted partnerships that sustain communication through a series of activities and goals. The nimble responses to the pandemic substantiate the need for CE programs to maintain the infrastructure necessary to achieve the primary CTSA goals of improving health within and across communities and localities as well as expanding research participation of community members.
Open-plan office noise is stressful: multimodal stress detection in a simulated work environment
Authors: Sander Elizabeth (Libby) J. , Marques Cecelia , Birt James , Stead Matthew , Baumann Oliver
Published: June 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-2019)-induced changes in the workplace present a timely opportunity for human resource management practitioners to consider and remediate the deleterious effects of noise, a commonly cited complaint of employees working in open-plan office (OPO) environments. While self-reports suggest that OPO noise is perceived as a stressor, there is little experimental research comprehensively investigating the effects of noise on employees in terms of their cognitive performance, physiological indicators of stress, and affect. Employing a simulated office setting, we compared the effects of a typical OPO auditory environment to a quieter private office auditory environment on a range of objective and subjective measures of well-being and performance. While OPO noise did not reduce immediate cognitive task performance compared to the quieter environment, it did reduce psychological well-being as evidenced by self-reports of mood, facial expressions of emotion, and physiological indicators of stress in the form of heartrate and skin conductivity. Our research highlights the importance of using a multimodal approach to assess the impact of workplace stressors such as noise. Such an approach will allow HR practitioners to make data-driven recommendations about the design and modification of workspaces to minimize negative effects and support employee well-being.
Parabolic coordinates
Authors: Kilner Steven J. , Farnsworth David L.
Published: June 2021

An important first step in understanding or solving a problem can be the selection of coordinates. Insight can be gained from finding invariants within a class of coordinate systems. For example, an important feature of rectangular coordinates is that the Euclidean distance between two points is an invariant of a change to another rectangular system by a rigid motion, which consists of translations, rotations and reflections. Indeed, the form of the distance function is an invariant. In calculus courses, students learn about polar coordinates, so that useful curves can be simply expressed and more easily studied.
The Role of Corporate Culture in Bad Times: Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Li Kai , Liu Xing , Mai Feng , Zhang Tengfei
Published: June 2021

After fitting a topic model to 40,927 COVID-19–related paragraphs in 3,581 earnings calls over the period Jan. 22–Apr. 30, 2020, we obtain firm-level measures of exposure and response related to COVID-19 for 2,894 U.S. firms. We show that despite the large negative impact of COVID-19 on their operations, firms with a strong corporate culture outperform their peers without a strong culture. Moreover, these firms are more likely to support their community, embrace digital transformation, and develop new products than those peers. We conclude that corporate culture is an intangible asset designed to meet unforeseen contingencies as they arise.
Reduced willingness to expend effort for rewards is associated with risk for conversion and negative symptom severity in youth at clinical high-risk for psychosis
Authors: Strauss Gregory P. , Bartolomeo Lisa A. , Luther Lauren
Published: June 2021

Background

Schizophrenia (SZ) is typically preceded by a prodromal (i.e. pre-illness) period characterized by attenuated positive symptoms and declining functional outcome. Negative symptoms are prominent among individuals at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis (i.e. those with prodromal syndromes) and predictive of conversion to illness. Mechanisms underlying negative symptoms are unclear in the CHR population.

Methods

The current study evaluated whether CHR participants demonstrated deficits in the willingness to expend effort for rewards and whether these impairments are associated with negative symptoms and greater risk for conversion. Participants included 44 CHR participants and 32 healthy controls (CN) who completed the Effort Expenditure for Reward Task (EEfRT).

Results

Compared to CN, CHR participants displayed reduced likelihood of exerting high effort for high probability and magnitude rewards. Among CHR participants, reduced effort expenditure was associated with greater negative symptom severity and greater probability of conversion to a psychotic disorder on a cross-sectional risk calculator.

Conclusions

Findings suggest that effort-cost computation is a marker of illness liability and a transphasic mechanism underlying negative symptoms in the SZ spectrum.
Strategic voting revisited: the case of the 2018 Taipei City mayoral election
Authors: Wu Chung-li , Lin Alex Min-Wei , Chang Chingching
Published: June 2021

In this study, we examine whether strategic voting – in which a voter seeks to maximize the expected payoff from casting a ballot – occurred among late voters in the 2018 Taipei City mayoral election. This multi-candidate mayoral contest was noteworthy because ballot-counting started before all the votes had been cast, with preliminary results being leaked to the media. Theoretically, having access to real-time updates of voting figures could have influenced the decision of voters who were still in line waiting to cast their ballots. Analysis and reconstruction of aggregate polling data, however, demonstrate that there was very little (if any) strategic voting among these late voters on election day, even if they had information that might have induced them to vote strategically.
Seasonal Controls on Sediment Delivery and Hydrodynamics in a Vegetated Tidally Influenced Interdistributary Island
Authors: Styles Richard , Snedden Gregg A. , Smith S. Jarrell , Bryant Duncan B. , Boyd Brandon M. , Gailani Joseph Z. , Couvillion Brady , Race Edward
Published: June 2021

River deltas are maintained by a continuous supply of terrestrial sediments that provide critical land building material to help sustain and protect vulnerable ecological communities and serve as natural storm protection barriers. Local hydrodynamics are important in determining the degree to which fluvial sediments are removed from the water column and retained on the delta complex. During 2014, we measured hydrodynamics and sediment transport characteristics at one of the world's most rapidly prograding deltas, the Wax Lake delta in Louisiana, USA. We observed waves to be the dominant source of bottom stress for 70% of our observations. Sediment concentration tended to increase with shear stress, but only after stresses exceeded 0.01–0.02 Pa. Significant wave height and bottom stress were substantially reduced after June, when the emergence of American lotus (Nelumbo lutea) formed a dense canopy over the intertidal regions of the island splay. Hydrodynamics during these summer vegetated conditions were much more favorable to floc formation, and by extension particle settling, as shown by trends in the Kolmogorov microscale parameter over the course of the measurement campaign. Together, these findings suggest that the timing between peak river discharge and the emergence of vegetation may have a strong influence on rates of progradation in seasonally vegetated delta splays, whereby sediments delivered by flood events that extend late into summer may be governed by hydrodynamics that favor particle deposition, whereas those delivered prior to the summer may be more prone to remain in suspension and bypass the delta complex.
Opportunities for Robustness of Water Footprints in Electricity Generation
Authors: Chini Christopher M. , Delorit Justin D.
Published: June 2021

Water resources are required for cooling of thermoelectric power plants and in the production of hydroelectricity. Scarcity of water resources impacts the ability to generate electricity in grids across the globe. There is extensive literature and research on the electricity‐water nexus, spanning hydrology, policy, and energy sectors. Existing research often focuses on quantifying a static relationship and rarely accounts for expectations of annual, seasonal, and subseasonal water variability in nexus research. This omission leaves an important, unanswered question in the field: how can the water footprinting framework be operationalized in the electricity‐water nexus with hydroclimatic forecasts? Building off the work by Chowdhury et al. (https://doi.org/10.1029/2020EF001814), we comment on the opportunities for climate‐informed, seasonal, or subannual assessments of the electricity‐water nexus to facilitate decision‐making.
Identification of transdiagnostic psychiatric disorder subtypes using unsupervised learning
Authors: Pelin Helena , Ising Marcus , Stein Frederike , Meinert Susanne , Meller Tina , Brosch Katharina , Winter Nils R. , Krug Axel , Leenings Ramona , Lemke Hannah , Nenadić Igor , Heilmann-Heimbach Stefanie , Forstner Andreas J. , Nöthen Markus M. , Opel Nils , Repple Jonathan , Pfarr Julia , Ringwald Kai , Schmitt Simon , Thiel Katharina , Waltemate Lena , Winter Alexandra , Streit Fabian , Witt Stephanie , Rietschel Marcella , Dannlowski Udo , Kircher Tilo , Hahn Tim , Müller-Myhsok Bertram , Andlauer Till F. M.
Published: June 2021

Psychiatric disorders show heterogeneous symptoms and trajectories, with current nosology not accurately reflecting their molecular etiology and the variability and symptomatic overlap within and between diagnostic classes. This heterogeneity impedes timely and targeted treatment. Our study aimed to identify psychiatric patient clusters that share clinical and genetic features and may profit from similar therapies. We used high-dimensional data clustering on deep clinical data to identify transdiagnostic groups in a discovery sample (N = 1250) of healthy controls and patients diagnosed with depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and other psychiatric disorders. We observed five diagnostically mixed clusters and ordered them based on severity. The least impaired cluster 0, containing most healthy controls, showed general well-being. Clusters 1–3 differed predominantly regarding levels of maltreatment, depression, daily functioning, and parental bonding. Cluster 4 contained most patients diagnosed with psychotic disorders and exhibited the highest severity in many dimensions, including medication load. Depressed patients were present in all clusters, indicating that we captured different disease stages or subtypes. We replicated all but the smallest cluster 1 in an independent sample (N = 622). Next, we analyzed genetic differences between clusters using polygenic scores (PGS) and the psychiatric family history. These genetic variables differed mainly between clusters 0 and 4 (prediction area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 81%; significant PGS: cross-disorder psychiatric risk, schizophrenia, and educational attainment). Our results confirm that psychiatric disorders consist of heterogeneous subtypes sharing molecular factors and symptoms. The identification of transdiagnostic clusters advances our understanding of the heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders and may support the development of personalized treatments.
Targeting androgen receptor (AR) with antiandrogen Enzalutamide increases prostate cancer cell invasion yet decreases bladder cancer cell invasion via differentially altering the AR/circRNA-ARC1/miR-125b-2-3p or miR-4736/PPARγ/MMP-9 signals
Authors: Deng Gang , Wang Ronghao , Sun Yin , Huang Chi-Ping , Yeh Shuyuan , You Bosen , Feng Changyong , Li Gonghui , Ma Shenglin , Chang Chawnshang
Published: June 2021

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) via targeting androgens/androgen receptor (AR) signals may suppress cell proliferation in both prostate cancer (PCa) and bladder cancer (BCa), yet its impact on the cell invasion of these two urological cancers remains unclear. Here we found targeting androgens/AR with either the recently developed antiandrogen Enzalutamide (Enz) or AR-shRNAs led to increase PCa cell invasion, yet decrease BCa cell invasion. Mechanistic dissection revealed that suppressing androgens/AR signals could result in differential alterations of the selective circular RNAs (circRNAs) as a result of differential endogenous AR transcription. A negative autoregulation in PCa, yet a positive autoregulation in BCa, as a result of differential binding of AR to different androgen-response elements (AREs) and a discriminating histone H3K4 methylation, likely contributes to this outcome between these two urological tumors. Further mechanistic studies indicated that AR-encoded circRNA-ARC1 might sponge/alter the availability of the miRNAs miR-125b-2-3p and/or miR-4736, to impact the metastasis-related PPARγ/MMP-9 signals to alter the PCa vs. BCa cell invasion. The preclinical study using the in vivo mouse model confirms in vitro cell lines data, showing that Enz treatment could increase PCa metastasis, which can be suppressed after suppressing circRNA-ARC1 with sh-circRNA-ARC1. Together, these in vitro/in vivo results demonstrate that antiandrogen therapy with Enz via targeting AR may lead to either increase PCa cell invasion or decrease BCa cell invasion. Targeting these newly identified AR/circRNA-ARC1/miR-125b-2-3p and/or miR-4736/PPARγ/MMP-9 signals may help in the development of new therapies to better suppress the Enz-altered PCa vs. BCa metastasis.
Conventional glaucoma implants and the new MIGS devices: a comprehensive review of current options and future directions
Authors: Pereira Inês C. F. , van de Wijdeven Rosanne , Wyss Hans M. , Beckers Henny J. M. , den Toonder Jaap M. J.
Published: June 2021

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy that is the second leading cause of preventable blindness worldwide, after cataract formation. A rise in the intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered to be a major risk factor for glaucoma and is associated with an abnormal increase of resistance to aqueous humour outflow from the anterior chamber. Glaucoma drainage devices have been developed to provide an alternative pathway through which aqueous humour can effectively exit the anterior chamber, thereby reducing IOP. These devices include the traditional aqueous shunts with tube-plate design, as well as more recent implants, such as the trabeculectomy-modifying EX-PRESS® implant and the new minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) devices. In this review, we will describe each implant in detail, focusing on their efficacy in reducing IOP and safety profile. Additionally, a critical and evidence-based comparison between these implants will be provided. Finally, we will propose potential developments that may help to improve the performance of current devices.
Variants in BANK1 are associated with lupus nephritis of European ancestry
Authors: Bolin Karin , Imgenberg-Kreuz Juliana , Leonard Dag , Sandling Johanna K. , Alexsson Andrei , Pucholt Pascal , Haarhaus Malena Loberg , Almlöf Jonas Carlsson , Nititham Joanne , Jönsen Andreas , Sjöwall Christopher , Bengtsson Anders A. , Rantapää-Dahlqvist Solbritt , Svenungsson Elisabet , Gunnarsson Iva , Syvänen Ann-Christine , Lerang Karoline , Troldborg Anne , Voss Anne , Molberg Øyvind , Jacobsen Søren , Criswell Lindsey , Rönnblom Lars , Nordmark Gunnel
Published: June 2021

The genetic background of lupus nephritis (LN) has not been completely elucidated. We performed a case-only study of 2886 SLE patients, including 947 (33%) with LN. Renal biopsies were available from 396 patients. The discovery cohort (Sweden, n = 1091) and replication cohort 1 (US, n = 962) were genotyped on the Immunochip and replication cohort 2 (Denmark/Norway, n = 833) on a custom array. Patients with LN, proliferative nephritis, or LN with end-stage renal disease were compared with SLE without nephritis. Six loci were associated with LN (p < 1 × 10−4, NFKBIA, CACNA1S, ITGA1, BANK1, OR2Y, and ACER3) in the discovery cohort. Variants in BANK1 showed the strongest association with LN in replication cohort 1 (p = 9.5 × 10−4) and proliferative nephritis in a meta-analysis of discovery and replication cohort 1. There was a weak association between BANK1 and LN in replication cohort 2 (p = 0.052), and in the meta-analysis of all three cohorts the association was strengthened (p = 2.2 × 10−7). DNA methylation data in 180 LN patients demonstrated methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTL) effects between a CpG site and BANK1 variants. To conclude, we describe genetic variations in BANK1 associated with LN and evidence for genetic regulation of DNA methylation within the BANK1 locus. This indicates a role for BANK1 in LN pathogenesis.
Author Correction: ATHB2 is a negative regulator of germination in Arabidopsis thaliana seeds
Authors: Tognacca Rocío Soledad , Carabelli Monica , Morelli Giorgio , Ruberti Ida , Botto Javier Francisco
Published: June 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Impact of changing guidelines on genetic testing and surveillance recommendations in a contemporary cohort of breast cancer survivors with family history of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Wang Annie , Everett Jessica N. , Chun Jennifer , Cen Cindy , Simeone Diane M. , Schnabel Freya
Published: June 2021

Changing practice guidelines and recommendations have important implications for cancer survivors. This study investigated genetic testing patterns and outcomes and reported family history of pancreatic cancer (FHPC) in a large registry population of breast cancer (BC) patients. Variables including clinical and demographic characteristics, FHPC in a first or second-degree relative, and genetic testing outcomes were analyzed for BC patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2018 in the NYU Langone Health Breast Cancer Database. Among 3334 BC patients, 232 (7%) had a positive FHPC. BC patients with FHPC were 1.68 times more likely to have undergone genetic testing (p < 0.001), but 33% had testing for BRCA1/2 only and 44% had no genetic testing. Pathogenic germline variants (PGV) were identified in 15/129 (11.6%) BC patients with FHPC, and in 145/1315 (11.0%) BC patients without FHPC. Across both groups, updates in genetic testing criteria and recommendations could impact up to 80% of this cohort. Within a contemporary cohort of BC patients, 7% had a positive FHPC. The majority of these patients (56%) had no genetic testing, or incomplete testing by current standards, suggesting under-diagnosis of PC risk. This study supports recommendations for survivorship care that incorporate ongoing genetic risk assessment and counseling.
Publisher Correction: Rapid and low-cost insect detection for analysing species trapped on yellow sticky traps
Authors: Böckmann Elias , Pfaff Alexander , Schirrmann Michael , Pflanz Michael
Published: June 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Multiplexed engineering glycosyltransferase genes in CHO cells via targeted integration for producing antibodies with diverse complex-type N-glycans
Authors: Nguyen Ngan T. B. , Lin Jianer , Tay Shi Jie , Mariati  , Yeo Jessna , Nguyen-Khuong Terry , Yang Yuansheng
Published: June 2021

Therapeutic antibodies are decorated with complex-type N-glycans that significantly affect their biodistribution and bioactivity. The N-glycan structures on antibodies are incompletely processed in wild-type CHO cells due to their limited glycosylation capacity. To improve N-glycan processing, glycosyltransferase genes have been traditionally overexpressed in CHO cells to engineer the cellular N-glycosylation pathway by using random integration, which is often associated with large clonal variations in gene expression levels. In order to minimize the clonal variations, we used recombinase-mediated-cassette-exchange (RMCE) technology to overexpress a panel of 42 human glycosyltransferase genes to screen their impact on antibody N-linked glycosylation. The bottlenecks in the N-glycosylation pathway were identified and then released by overexpressing single or multiple critical genes.
Overexpressing B4GalT1 gene alone in the CHO cells produced antibodies with more than 80% galactosylated bi-antennary N-glycans. Combinatorial overexpression of B4GalT1 and ST6Gal1 produced antibodies containing more than 70% sialylated bi-antennary N-glycans. In addition, antibodies with various tri-antennary N-glycans were obtained for the first time by overexpressing MGAT5 alone or in combination with B4GalT1 and ST6Gal1. The various N-glycan structures and the method for producing them in this work provide opportunities to study the glycan structure-and-function and develop novel recombinant antibodies for addressing different therapeutic applications.
High fructose and streptozotocin induced diabetic impairments are mitigated by Indirubin-3-hydrazone via downregulation of PKR pathway in Wistar rats
Authors: Udumula Mary Priyanka , Mangali Sureshbabu , Kalra Jaspreet , Dasari Deepika , Goyal Srashti , Krishna Vandana , Bollareddy Srivarsha Reddy , Sriram Dharamrajan , Dhar Arti , Bhat Audesh
Published: June 2021

Metabolic disorders are becoming more common in young population due to increased consumption of carbohydrate rich diet, lack of physical activity and stress. Fructose is used as a sweetener in many carbonated beverages and is a known inducer of oxidative stress and hypertension. Up-regulation of the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) causes impairment in insulin signaling pathway and metabolic dysfunctions in type 2 diabetes mellitus. In the present study we investigated the role of PKR and associated pathways in high fructose (HF) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes and whether indirubin-3-hydrazone (IHZ), a novel PKR inhibitor can reverse the HF and STZ induced diabetic impairments in Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by feeding rats 20% high fructose in drinking water for 6 weeks and by giving a single dose of STZ (35 mg/kg., i.p) at the end of week 5. Glucose and lipid levels were measured by using assay kits. Expression of PKR and its downstream genes were determined by immunohistochemistry, qRT-PCR and western blotting techniques. Histo-pathological studies were performed using H&E staining. Fibrosis was detected in insulin sensitive tissues and organs using Sirius red and Masson’s trichrome staining and apoptosis by TUNEL assay. HF and STZ induced hyperglycemia, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in liver, pancreas, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are mediated via PKR pathway and its downstream effectors, and these effects were attenuated by PKR inhibitor IHZ. Thus, inhibition of PKR can protect insulin sensitive organs and tissues from HF induced diabetic impairments via the inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway.
Predictors of blood glucose change and vascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Shita Nigusie Gashaye , Muluneh Essey Kebede
Published: June 2021

Vascular complication results in serious physical damages which may lead to the death of Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Studying the determinant factors of changes in blood glucose level and duration of time to the development of vascular complications helps to save the lives of citizens. A retrospective cohort study was conducted among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients enrolled between December 2011 and December 2012 at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital. A total of 159 T2DM patients were included in the study. Joint modelling of longitudinal and survival analysis was employed to identify predictors of Blood Glucose Change and Vascular Complication of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. The prevalence of vascular complication in Type 2 diabetes patients was 23.3%. Half of these patients developed an avascular complication after 24 months from the onset of the follow-up. The significant predictors of shorter time to development of vascular complication were positive proteinuria (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) = 1.62, CI: 1.08–2.41), increase in the level of serum creatinine (AHR = 4.12, CI: 1.94–8.74), cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dl (AHR = 1.54, CI: 1.01–2.35), and log (fasting blood glucose) (AHR = 1.453, CI: 1.004–2.104). The predictors of progression of fasting blood glucose were duration of treatment (CL: − 0.015, − 0.0001), hypertension (CL: 0.018, 0.098), baseline fasting blood glucose level 126–139 and 140-199 mg/dl (CI: − 0.40, − 0.31) and (CI: − 0.24, − 0.17), respectively. Male T2DM patients, patients with more visits to the hospital and patients who required one oral agent had a relatively lower progression of blood sugar level. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients having higher cholesterol level, positive proteinuria, higher fasting blood sugar and a lesser number of hospital visits had a higher risk of developing a complication.
An affinity-matured human monoclonal antibody targeting fusion loop epitope of dengue virus with in vivo therapeutic potency
Authors: Kotaki Tomohiro , Kurosu Takeshi , Grinyo-Escuer Ariadna , Davidson Edgar , Churrotin Siti , Okabayashi Tamaki , Puiprom Orapim , Mulyatno Kris Cahyo , Sucipto Teguh Hari , Doranz Benjamin J. , Ono Ken-ichiro , Soegijanto Soegeng , Kameoka Masanori
Published: June 2021

Dengue virus (DENV), from the genus flavivirus of the family flaviviridae, causes serious health problems globally. Human monoclonal antibodies (HuMAb) can be used to elucidate the mechanisms of neutralization and antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of DENV infections, leading to the development of a vaccine or therapeutic antibodies. Here, we generated eight HuMAb clones from an Indonesian patient infected with DENV. These HuMAbs exhibited the typical characteristics of weak neutralizing antibodies including high cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses and targeting of the fusion loop epitope (FLE). However, one of the HuMAbs, 3G9, exhibited strong neutralization (NT50 < 0.1 μg/ml) and possessed a high somatic hyper-mutation rate of the variable region, indicating affinity-maturation. Administration of this antibody significantly prolonged the survival of interferon-α/β/γ receptor knockout C57BL/6 mice after a lethal DENV challenge. Additionally, Fc-modified 3G9 that had lost their in vitro ADE activity showed enhanced therapeutic potency in vivo and competed strongly with an ADE-prone antibody in vitro. Taken together, the affinity-matured FLE-targeting antibody 3G9 exhibits promising features for therapeutic application including a low NT50 value, potential for treatment of various kinds of mosquito-borne flavivirus infection, and suppression of ADE. This study demonstrates the therapeutic potency of affinity-matured FLE-targeting antibodies.
A novel approach for nitrogen diagnosis of wheat canopies digital images by mobile phones based on histogram
Authors: Qi Xin , Zhao Yanan , Huang Yufang , Wang Yang , Qin Wei , Fu Wen , Guo Yulong , Ye Youliang
Published: June 2021

The accurate and nondestructive assessment of leaf nitrogen (N) is very important for N management in winter wheat fields. Mobile phones are now being used as an additional N diagnostic tool. To overcome the drawbacks of traditional digital camera diagnostic methods, a histogram-based method was proposed and compared with the traditional methods. Here, the field N level of six different wheat cultivars was assessed to obtain canopy images, leaf N content, and yield. The stability and accuracy of the index histogram and index mean value of the canopy images in different wheat cultivars were compared based on their correlation with leaf N and yield, following which the best diagnosis and prediction model was selected using the neural network model. The results showed that N application significantly affected the leaf N content and yield of wheat, as well as the hue of the canopy images and plant coverage. Compared with the mean value of the canopy image color parameters, the histogram could reflect both the crop coverage and the overall color information. The histogram thus had a high linear correlation with leaf N content and yield and a relatively stable correlation across different growth stages. Peak b of the histogram changed with the increase in leaf N content during the reviving stage of wheat. The histogram of the canopy image color parameters had a good correlation with leaf N content and yield. Through the neural network training and estimation model, the root mean square error (RMSE) and the mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the estimated and measured values of leaf N content and yield were smaller for the index histogram (0.465, 9.65%, and 465.12, 5.5% respectively) than the index mean value of the canopy images (0.526, 12.53% and 593.52, 7.83% respectively), suggesting a good fit for the index histogram image color and robustness in estimating N content and yield. Hence, the use of the histogram model with a smartphone has great potential application in N diagnosis and prediction for wheat and other cereal crops.
Author Correction: Increased Serum Hyaluronic Acid and Heparan Sulfate in Dengue Fever: Association with Plasma Leakage and Disease Severity
Authors: Tang Tommy Hing-Cheung , Alonso Sylvie , Ng Lisa Fong-Poh , Thein Tun-Linn , Pang Junxiong , Leo Yee-Sin , Lye David Chien-Boon , Yeo Tsin-Wen
Published: June 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The effect of asymmetric external reorganization energy on electron and hole transport in organic semiconductors
Authors: Xu Tao , Cao Kangying , Wang Changwei , Yin Shiwei
Published: June 2021

A QM-derived SS-PFF is applied to evaluate the external reorganization of ET and HT processes. The explicit λext can explain why acenes have large HT rates while perfluorinated acenes have better ET rates. Tuning molecular electrophiles is a way to adjust ET and HT rates.
A novel highly sensitive soy aptasensor for antigen β-conglycinin determination
Authors: Li Guohui , Wei Yafeng , Ma Lizhou , Mao Yin , Xun Ran , Deng Yu
Published: June 2021

A FAM-labeled aptasensor for highly selective sensing of targeted protein (β-conglycinin β subunit) based on the principle that GO can take place FRET with the fluorophore modified on single-stranded DNA.
Distinct photodynamics of κ-N and κ-C pseudoisomeric iron(ii) complexes
Authors: Dierks Philipp , Kruse Ayla , Bokareva Olga S. , Al-Marri Mohammed J. , Kalmbach Jens , Baltrun Marc , Neuba Adam , Schoch Roland , Hohloch Stephan , Heinze Katja , Seitz Michael , Kühn Oliver , Lochbrunner Stefan , Bauer Matthias
Published: June 2021

The photodynamics of two pseudoisomeric iron(ii) complexes reveal insights into reactive metal-centred states and hot branching dynamics. A new type of reactivity by triplet energy transfer from MC states enables oxygen sensitization activity.
Accessing novel fluorinated heterocycles with the hypervalent fluoroiodane reagent by solution and mechanochemical synthesis
Authors: Riley William , Jones Andrew C. , Singh Kuldip , Browne Duncan L. , Stuart Alison M.
Published: June 2021

An efficient protocol for the rapid formation of novel fluorinated tetrahydropyridazines and dihydrooxazines has been developed using the hypervalent fluoroiodane reagent.
Supramolecular complex strategy for pure organic multi-color luminescent materials and stimuli-responsive luminescence switching
Authors: Shen Yue , Wang Shiyin , Zhang Xiangyu , Li Nan , Liu Haichao , Yang Bing
Published: June 2021

Pure organic multi-color luminescent materials were finely tuned from blue through green to red using a supramolecular complex strategy, exhibiting force- and solvent-sensitive luminescence switching in the stimuli-responsive field.
The mobility and solvation structure of a hydroxyl radical in a water nanodroplet: a Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamics study
Authors: Hadizadeh Mohammad Hassan , Yang Lewen , Fang Guoyong , Qiu Zongyang , Li Zhenyu
Published: June 2021

First principles molecular dynamics indicates that, in contrast to previous classical simulations, hydroxyl radicals favor “subsurface solvation” instead of “surface solvation”.
Mechanistic implications of Li–S cell function through modification of organo-sulfur cathode architectures
Authors: Djuandhi Lisa , Sharma Neeraj , Cowie Bruce C. C. , Nguyen Thanh V. , Rawal Aditya
Published: June 2021

Solid-state NMR reveals unique correlations between lithium environments within an organo-sulfur cathode, providing key insight on the interfacial processes involved when using inverse vulcanised copolymers in lithium-sulfur cells.
Correction: Novel two-dimensional tetrahexagonal boron nitride with a sizable band gap and a sign-tunable Poisson's ratio
Authors: Kilic Mehmet Emin , Lee Kwang-Ryeol
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘Novel two-dimensional tetrahexagonal boron nitride with a sizable band gap and a sign-tunable Poisson's ratio’ by Mehmet Emin Kilic et al., Nanoscale, 2021, 13, 9303–9314, DOI: 10.1039/D1NR00734C.
Correction: Bimetallic oxyhydroxide in situ derived from an Fe2Co-MOF for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Ling Xintong , Du Feng , Zhang Yintong , Shen Yan , Gao Wa , Zhou Bo , Wang Zhiyuan , Li Guoling , Li Tao , Shen Qing , Xiong Yujie , Wang Xiaoyong , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang
Published: June 2021

Correction for ‘Bimetallic oxyhydroxide in situ derived from an Fe2Co-MOF for efficient electrocatalytic oxygen evolution’ by Xintong Ling et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2021, 9, 13271–13278, DOI: 10.1039/D1TA02159A.
A novel anti‐Doppler SEI algorithm based on the vector diagram decomposition
Authors: Zha Xiong , Li Tianyun , Qiu Zhaoyang , Feng Yiwei
Published: June 2021

In practical applications, communication emitters are often carried by low orbit satellites aircraft, ships, and other moving carriers. Doppler phenomenon usually exists due to the relative motion between the emitter and the receiver, which seriously affects the identification performance. Given this situation, a method based on the signal vector decomposition and the multi‐feature fusion is proposed. By normalizing and demodulating the target signal, the signal vector diagram is decomposed into four parts. We present a multi‐feature fusion model with varying features extracted from each diagram by a deep learning network. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective in the presence of Doppler effect.
A quantitative research on the level of disturbance to secondary signal ports of electronic voltage transformers under the operation of gas‐insulated switchgear
Authors: Wang Qi , Fu Chao , Chu Fanwu , Tong Yue , Wang Xiaozhou , Ye Guoxiong , Wu Xiong
Published: June 2021

The collectors of electronic transformers has the problem of electromagnetic incompatibility under the operation of disconnecting switches, which limits their wide application in smart grids. To evaluate the maximum level of disturbance that collectors are able to withstand in the stochastic process of switching operation, this work introduces a quantitative approach based on limited test measurements, which can quantify the level of disturbance in the signal acquisition ports of electronic voltage transformers (EVT) in different gas‐insulated switchgears (GIS). Based on large numbers of experimental statistical data of the true type simulation experimental platform, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient is used to prove that the amplitude of the disturbance voltage pulse at the secondary side port and the breakdown voltage between the primary side fracture approximately satisfy a linear relationship. Subsequently, the quantile regression model is used to quantify and verify the maximum disturbance level of the secondary side port. Moreover, a solution is proposed to tackle the difficulty in obtaining the breakdown voltage at breaks in the GIS substation field applicatvion, under which the quantified maximum disturbance voltage deviation of secondary ports is only −4.34% by comparison. The research work can further explore the practical value of the measured data in a few tests under GIS substation field conditions and provide references for the subsequent revision of EVT‐related standards.
Finding flares in Kepler and TESS data with recurrent deep neural networks
Authors: Vida Krisztián , Bódi Attila , Szklenár Tamás , Seli Bálint
Published: June 2021

Stellar flares are an important aspect of magnetic activity – from both stellar evolution and circumstellar habitability viewpoints – but automatically and accurately finding them is still a challenge to researchers in the big data era of astronomy. We present an experiment to detect flares in space-borne photometric data using deep neural networks. Using a set of artificial data and real photometric data we trained a set of neural networks, and found that the best performing architectures were the recurrent neural networks using long short-term memory layers. The best trained network detected flares over 5σ with ≳80% recall and precision and was also capable of distinguishing typical false signals (e.g., maxima of RR Lyr stars) from real flares. Testing the network –trained on Kepler data– on TESS light curves showed that the neural net is able to generalize and find flares –with similar effectiveness– in completely new data with different sampling and characteristics from those of the training set ő.