bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel method for predicting mechanical properties of casing in shale extended-reach wells considering random friction
Authors: Lin Tiejun , Zhao Zhaoyang , Yu Hao , Lian Zhanghua , Zhu Zelin , Wan Zhiyong
Published: November 2024

As the casing undergoes bending deformation along the well trajectory, the contact position and state between the casing and wellbore exhibit dynamic variations during casing running operations in extended-reach wells. Assessing random contact between the casing and wellbore becomes critical for studying the mechanical properties of running casings. Hence, we utilized the Universal Mechanical Tester (UMT) pin-on-disk friction system to assess the kinetic and static friction coefficients of casing with surface casing and formation rock in mud environments, and employed the stochastic contact approach to develop a 3D dynamic finite element model incorporating the actual well trajectory. We conducted an analysis of the mechanical characteristics of running casings and discussed how factors such as wall thickness, friction coefficients, running speeds, and wellbore fluid density affect the mechanical distribution of casing. Numerical results indicate that the substantial frictional contact between the casing and the wellbore wall appears in the positive inclined and horizontal sections, and the casing initiates buckling behavior at a running depth of 3000 m. With the increase in running depth, the casings buckling behavior gradually transitions from sinusoidal to helical, causing a sharp increase in additional resistance against casing running. Finally, the casing cannot continue running beyond 4022 m. In comparison to the effect of wellbore roughness, the wall thickness of the casing and the fluid density primarily influence the horizontal well section. Furthermore, higher running speeds exacerbate buckling behavior by delaying the efficient release of the casings accumulated elastic energy.
The Effect of Vertical Whole-body Vibration With Different Frequencies on the Dynamic Biomechanics of Sitting Human Waist
Authors: Tang Sheng-Jie , Zhang Kai-Feng , Dong RuiChun , Zheng Shi-Fu , Liu Yi-Tang , Yu Shi-Hong
Published: November 2024

Previous studies have indicated a possible association between low back pain and intervertebral disc degeneration with prolonged exposure to vibration. However, the specific effects of different vibration frequencies under vertical sinusoidal excitation on the mechanisms of lumbar spine injury in seated individuals have not been clearly elucidated. Firstly, a validated whole-body finite element model was applied to perform modal analysis to investigate the modes that have a greater impact on lumbar spine vibration. Subsequently, employing transient dynamic analysis, it computed the time-domain responses of lumbar spine displacement, acceleration, stress, and pressure under sinusoidal excitation at different frequencies (1, 2, 3, …, and 8 Hz) in seated individuals. Finally, risk factors were applied to assess the impact of vibration frequencies on the lumbar spine. The modal analysis results indicated that the mode at 5.1 Hz significantly affected the vertical vibration of the lumbar spine. The time-domain response results showed that, compared to other frequencies, the intervertebral disc displacement, acceleration, stress, and pressure were larger under a 5 Hz vibration load. Risk factor assessments indicated that whole-body vibration near 5 Hz has a more adverse effect on the spine. It can be concluded that vertical vibrations close to 5 Hz can cause more damage to the lumbar spine than vibrations at other frequencies, increasing the risk of lumbar spine diseases. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken to reduce or avoid the adverse effects of long-term exposure to whole-body vibrations at resonant frequencies on the health of the lumbar spine.
Analysis of sealing conditions and axial forces in a three-screw pump
Authors: Li Longxin , Sun Qingyun , Wang Shenrui
Published: November 2024

The profile of the three-screw pump is a critical parameter influencing both the accuracy of screw meshing and the pump's longevity. Currently, modifications involving radial straight lines to the pendulum lines are prevalent. This study constructs the tooth profile for the three-screw pump applied in elevator lifting following straight line adjustments. Utilizing meshing theory, it deduces the meshing conditions of the screw surface. Subsequently, the analysis divides the screw into cavities and examines the axial force. This approach offers a theoretical foundation for accurately calculating instantaneous flow, pressure distribution, and volumetric efficiency in three-screw pumps designed for elevator applications.
Why Do Children Think Words Are Mutually Exclusive?
Authors: Brody Gabor , Feiman Roman , Aravind Athulya
Published: November 2024

How do children learn what a word means when its uses are consistent with many possible meanings? One influential idea is that children rely on an inductive bias that ensures that novel words get assigned distinct meanings from known words— mutual exclusivity. Here, we explore the possibility that mutual-exclusivity phenomena do not reflect a bias but rather information encoded in the message. Learners might effectively be told when (and when not) to assume that word meanings are mutually exclusive. In three experiments ( N = 106 from across the United States; ages 2 years, 0 months−2 years, 11 months), we show that 2-year-olds only assumed that novel words have distinct meanings if the words were spoken with focus, an information-structural marker of contrast. Without focus, we found no mutual exclusivity; novel words were understood to label familiar objects. These results provide a novel account of mutual exclusivity and demonstrate an early emerging understanding of focus and information structure.
Gastrointestinal parasite diversity of South American camelids and its relationship with ancient Andean human populations from early Holocene to historical times in Southern Puna, Argentina
Authors: Valeria AM Rodríguez , Victoria Cañal , Silvina Seguí , Gabriel López , Silvana Urquiza , Silvina Quintana , Eleonor Tietze , Ornela Beltrame María
Published: November 2024

South American camelids (SAC) played a central biocultural role in Andean communities until today. Paleoparasitology, a discipline examining parasite remains from ancient times, can shed light on SAC, animals closely related to humans, providing insights into camelid populations, societies and the environment in the past. The objectives of this study are (1) to provide new insight into the parasite diversity of SAC from the Southern Puna, (2) to compare parasite diversity between different sites, and (3) to interpret the findings in relation to environmental and cultural changes in the Puna over time. The coprolites studied proceed from three archaeological sites in the Southern Puna: Cueva Inca Viejo (CIV), Punta de la Peña 4 (PP4) and Piedra Horadada 2 (PH2). A total of 153 coprolites were studied, subjected to rehydration, homogenization, filtration and spontaneous sedimentation. The assignation of the zoological origin of coprolites as SAC was based on their morphology, biogeographic origin, the presence of Eimeria macusaniensis and Lamanema chavezi/Nematodirus lamae and aDNA analysis. Seventeen parasite taxa belonging to Apicomplexa, Nematoda and Platyhelminthes were found, representing the highest richness recorded in ancient times until now. A noteworthy finding was the recovery of zoonotic species like Fasciola hepatica and capillariids, providing insight into possible zoonotic infections in ancient Andean populations. The record of Moniezia sp. and Strongyloides sp. suggest their presence in native Andean species before the arrival of Hispanic societies. The results revealed a parasitic fauna consistent with both modern and paleoparasitological studies. Variations in the composition of parasite assemblages were observed over time and between sites.
Beyond Enrolment: How Urban Poverty Affects Educational Experiences
Authors: Subramanian Bhuvaneshwari
Published: November 2024

In a country as diverse as India, inequalities in access to education are deeply interwoven with the economic, social and political identities of individuals. In this regard, the need to expand access to education is usually emphasised broadly in terms of enrolment ratios, as these reflect the overall percentages of children going to school across different age groups. However, enrolment ratios depict merely an entry point into a school. This paper contends that it is important to look beyond enrolment numbers and focus on the social and economic barriers that prevent students from fully engaging with the education provided in school. Once enrolled in a school, whether government or private, numerous factors affect the ability of a child to fully participate in the educational process. This paper aims to understand the various challenges faced by those belonging to economically and socially marginalised sections of the population in a metropolitan city such as Delhi. This study finds that even after getting admission, several factors related to the child’s home, family and neighbourhood significantly affect how he/she engages with the educational process. In addition to this, factors such as caste-based discrimination were also found to play an important role in the schooling experiences of children living in urban poverty.
Unveiling the Role of Ecosystem-Based Fisheries Management in Mitigating Biodiversity Loss: A Panel Study of Asian Countries
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Zaheer , Zaman Khalid , Khan Muhammad Azhar
Published: November 2024

Sustainable Development Goal 15 recognises biodiversity conservation as essential to ecological stability. The focus of this research is on the efficacy of ecosystem-based fisheries management as a governance tool to reduce biodiversity loss in Asia. Our research analyses data from 39 Asian countries from 1996 to 2022. In fisheries productivity, this research examines corruption control, regulatory quality and governance efficacy. The research examines how population increase, climate change and industrial value affect fisheries productivity. Our results showed that government control and quality greatly benefit biodiversity preservation. Regulatory initiatives to combat corruption have been shown to harm biodiversity. The main issue affecting biodiversity conservation is climate change. Increased industrial value-added and population expansion led to this conservation task. Thus, avoiding biodiversity loss involves a multifaceted approach, from fighting corruption to improving legislation and governance.
The Perianal Mirage: Case of Primary Perianal Paget’s Disease
Authors: Shah Harsh J. , Sharma Swapnil V. , Dave Vinayak N. , Dave Aniket
Published: November 2024

Background:

Paget’s disease is rare and arises from the apocrine glands of skin. Perianal Paget’s disease is very rare form of extramammary Paget’s disease.

Method and Results:

Patient presented with complaints of perianal itching which on examination had patchy depigmented nodular skin in perianal region. Biopsy showed Paget’s cells, and immunohistochemical staining was positive for CK7, CEA and GCDFP-15, confirming the diagnosis of primary perianal Paget’s disease. Further, patient was staged and was planned for surgery and underwent wide local excision of perianal skin preserving internal and external anal sphincters. Reconstruction of the defect was completed with a local flap.

Conclusions:

Surgery remains most effective and only curative option for perianal Paget’s disease. As it is a rare disease, a high degree of suspicion is required for early diagnosis and treatment.
Virtual Mobilities and the Enhancement of Student Competencies in Social Sciences in Central Europe
Authors: Tlčimuková Petra , Vítková Lucie , Joukl Miroslav
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the outcomes of the international research that took place in 2022–2023 and included the social sciences and humanities students at the university in the Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia. We focus on the phenomenon of virtual mobilities and its place and potential for students in Higher Education. Specifically, we use the data gathered via 163 online student questionnaires focused on psychosocial and intercultural aspects impacting the quality of education. We analyse the place of virtual mobilities and its potential to enhance student competencies while considering the factors which play a role in students’ self-evaluation. Our results demonstrate the crucial dependence between study conditions and mobility evaluation. It also shows a strong correlation between the character of the study and the enhancement of competencies. With our research, we intend to contribute to quality enhancement of virtual mobilities.
Information Needs of Australian Families Living with Craniosynostosis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Osborn Amanda J. , Roberts Rachel M. , Dorstyn Diana S.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Craniosynostosis is considered a lifelong condition, yet relatively little focus has been directed toward ascertaining the information needs of Australian families. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore the information needs of Australian parents whose child has been diagnosed with nonsyndromic or syndromic craniosynostosis.

Design

Twenty-one online narrative interviews were conducted with parents of children with craniosynostosis (aged between 4 months and 20 years). Transcripts were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis and themes were developed.

Results

Four themes were generated: (1) lots of information …. and quickly!; (2) the practicalities of hospital and surgery; (3) guidance on how to talk about my child's condition; and (4) the path is rarely clear. Parents of children with craniosynostosis discussed a range of information that was provided to them, or they would have liked to have been given, following their child's diagnosis. Parents noted that insufficient information was provided by the health system and that they faced considerable difficulties accessing credible information about their child's condition, relevant location-specific surgical options, the treatment process and outcomes.

Conclusions

Narrative interviews provided detailed insight into the information needs of Australian parents of children diagnosed with craniosynostosis. Although parents were frequently challenged by a lack of information detailing their specific treatment and support options, suggestions relevant to craniofacial providers globally were offered. Further work is now needed to develop and provide these information resources in a timely and easily accessible way.
Factor Structure and Validity of Composite Scores Resulting From a Computerized Cognitive Test Battery in Healthy Adults and Patients With Primary Brain Tumors
Authors: Boelders S.M. , Butterbrod E. , Vogelsmeier L.V.D.E. , Sitskoorn M.M. , Ong L.L. , Gehring K.
Published: November 2024

Computerized neuropsychological test batteries (CNTs), such as Central Nervous System Vital Signs (CNS VS), are increasingly used for measuring cognitive functioning, but empirical evidence of how they measure cognition is scarce. We investigated the factor structure of CNS VS using exploratory factor analyses four samples: healthy adults ( n = 169), patients with meningioma (392), low-grade glioma (99), and high-grade glioma (247). We tested model fit and investigated measurement invariance. Differences in factor interpretation existed between healthy participants and patients. Factor structures among patient groups were approximately the same but differed in non-zero loadings. Overall, factor structures largely did not support the “clinical domains” provided by CNS VS for clinical interpretation. Confirmatory models did not have a good fit, and measurement invariance could not be established. Our results indicate that (weighted) sum scores of CNS VS results may lack validity. We recommend researchers and clinicians to use scores on individual test measures.
MMPI-3 Assessment of Externalizing Psychopathology in Targeted Community and University Samples
Authors: Sellbom Martin
Published: November 2024

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) scales that are designed to assess various forms of externalizing psychopathology have received relatively little research attention to date. The goal of this investigation was therefore to examine the validity of these MMPI-3 scales in the measurement of the externalizing spectrum. A community sample ( n = 206) with high levels of externalizing psychopathology and a university sample ( n = 645) were used. The former sample was administered structured clinical interviews for various forms of externalizing psychopathology, whereas the student sample completed the Externalizing Spectrum Inventory-160. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to operationalize the externalizing spectrum using each set of measures. The results indicated that the externalizing MMPI-3 scales were associated with a general externalizing factor and an expected pattern of associations, while systematic residuals of individual disorder symptoms also emerged. Moreover, in the university sample, specific MMPI-3 scales hypothesized to assess antagonistic-externalizing (Aggressiveness, Aggression, and Cynicism) emerged as key predictors of a callous-aggression residual group factor. The Substance Abuse scale was unsurprisingly the best predictor of such dysfunction. These findings provide guidance for mental health practitioners who use the MMPI-3 for the assessment of externalizing psychopathology symptoms.
Bilateral epithelial keratopathy and punctate keratitis due to ribociclib
Authors: Bilen Neslihan Bayraktar , Tarım Bilge , Hamurcu Mualla , Ulusoy Döndü Melek
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This report describes a rare occurrence of corneal epithelial keratopathy associated with ribociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor widely used in breast cancer treatment.

Case report

An 83-year-old female with a recent breast cancer diagnosis presented with blurred vision during the third cycle of ribociclib treatment. Ocular examination revealed corneal epitheliopathy and fluorescein staining findings. Detailed assessments and comparisons were made with existing literature, identifying a few reported cases of vortex keratopathy linked to ribociclib. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of epitheliopathy.

Management and Outcome

Since it decreased visual acuity, ribociclib treatment was discontinued in consultation with oncology. There was no regression in epithelopathy findings and visual acuity did not improve during follow-up visits.

Discussion

This report underscores the uncommon association between ribociclib and corneal epithelial keratopathy, emphasizing the need for comprehensive monitoring and collaboration between oncologists and ophthalmologists.
Post-White Excursuses: Distracting from Westerly Desires and Destinations in Critical Religious Literacy
Authors: Croom Marcus
Published: November 2024

The Black Holiness Pentecostal Christian (BHPC) tradition is a focal point through which I illustrate(ed) multiple excursuses beyond Westerly notions of religion. Just as the word “excursus” is usually defined as an appendix to or digression within a written text, this text is designed to nudge the field of literacy research to extend beyond or digress from Westerly desires and destinations where critical religious literacy is concerned. While different points are elaborated, all of these post-White excursuses flow out of one insight: We are in this world, but not of this world.
Love, Islam, and How Literacy Is Conceptualized
Authors: Muhammad Gholnecsar E
Published: November 2024

In this essay, I share how my own readings and understandings of Islam brought me closer to wider concepts of literacy. I use these views to guide my own research in literacy education to situate what literacy can be for youth in and around schools, knowing that literacy is still taught, assessed, and measured in singular ways.
Anesthetic Considerations for Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Lyubashevsky David A. , Powell Thomas , Khalifa Ali , Orozco-Sevilla Vicente , Tolpin Daniel A.
Published: November 2024

Anesthetic management of open thoracoabdominal aneurysm (TAAA) repair poses a number of challenges for even the most experienced of cardiovascular anesthesiologists. This procedure encompasses a large number of unique anesthetic techniques, including one-lung ventilation, invasive hemodynamic monitoring, left-heart bypass, massive transfusion, selective renal and visceral perfusion, and central nervous system monitoring with CSF drainage. In this article, we aim to describe the anesthetic management for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair, including preoperative workup, intraoperative management, as well as postoperative concerns in the intensive care unit.
Ocrelizumab-associated cryptogenic organizing pneumonia in multiple sclerosis: Two case reports and comprehensive literature review
Authors: Gans Alessandro , Verrengia Elena Pinuccia , Ricchiuti Elisabetta , Leva Serena , Brajkovic Simona , Colombo Daniele , Mazzone Antonino , Prelle Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Background:

Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) is an interstitial lung disease, with causes including anti-CD20 antibodies. Ocrelizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD20 approved for use in relapsing-remitting or primary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS), with no conclusive data regarding pulmonary toxicity.

Cases:

We describe two cases of COP associated with ocrelizumab use in multiple sclerosis patients.

Conclusions:

We suggest considering COP whenever respiratory symptoms arise in MS patients receiving ocrelizumab therapy. COP diagnosis requires clinical and radiological exclusion of alternative diagnoses such as opportunistic infections, autoimmunity, drugs, and neoplasms. Appropriate steroid therapy has an excellent clinical response rate.
Friend or assistant? Matching effects between virtual influencer role types and well-being patterns based on construal level theory
Authors: Song Mengmeng , Hong Zhenzhen , Wang Yuchen , Duan Yucong
Published: November 2024

How to appropriately use virtual influencer (VI) roles to share travel experiences is crucial for tourism destination marketing. This study examines the matching effects of VI roles and well-being patterns on potential tourists’ travel intention, and the mediating role of emotional arousal based on construal level theory. Results show that when VIs act as virtual assistants, expressing hedonia can better stimulate travel intention, whereas when VIs act as virtual friends, expressing eudaimonia is more effective. Emotional arousal mediates this process. This study contributes to the research on VIs and tourism destination marketing.
The cost of poverty for child development: The adverse impact on maltreatment, education and mental health outcomes cannot be ignored
Authors: Skinner Guy C. M. , Kennedy Eilis
Published: November 2024

This commentary explores the ‘cost of poverty’ for child development, with particular reference to the current UK context. Specifically, it comments on the adverse impacts of poverty on child mental health, education, and maltreatment.
Understanding teachers’ perspectives: A qualitative study on non-specialist early foreign language teachers’ educational and curricular needs
Authors: Ghamarian Katharina , Resnik Pia , Rieder-Marschallinger Silvia , Gruber Marie-Theres , Lasnik Silvia
Published: November 2024

Reflecting the increased importance of early English foreign language education globally, Austrian primary English as a foreign language (EFL) education has recently been substantially reformed, ‘upgrading’ EFL classes to a mandatory graded subject. With the backdrop of these imminent curricular changes, this study examined the perspectives of 27 Austrian primary school teachers from all provinces across different career phases concerning their educational and curricular needs and prerequisites in terms of teacher education and curricular provisions. By using semi-structured interviews, data was collected and critically examined through qualitative content analysis. This revealed that primary school teachers value foreign language (FL) focused training at tertiary level, yet they wish for more instruction, particularly regarding their own language skills, but also in terms of teaching methodology. Moreover, the majority of practitioners did not feel adequately prepared to assess primary learners’ FL skills and seemed generally sceptical towards formal assessment at primary school level, fearing that especially summative assessment would be detrimental to the students’ FL development. While the context of this study might be unique, these results can be compared to a wider international context, considering that many school systems introduce FL instruction more intensively and with increasing educational standardization. Finally, the results of this study also offer insights into how teacher education might need to adjust.
Screening major depressive disorder in patients with obstructive sleep apnea using single-lead ECG recording during sleep
Authors: Shaw Vikash , Ngo Quoc Cuong , Pah Nemuel Daniel , Oliveira Guilherme , Khandoker Ahsan Habib , Mahapatra Prasant Kumar , Pankaj Dinesh , Kumar Dinesh K
Published: November 2024

Objective: A large number of people with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) also suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD), leading to underdiagnosis due to overlapping symptoms. Polysomnography has been considered to identify MDD. However, limited access to sleep clinics makes this challenging. In this study, we propose a model to detect MDD in people with OSA using an electrocardiogram (ECG) during sleep. Methods: The single-lead ECG data of 32 people with OSA (OSAD-) and 23 with OSA and MDD (OSAD+) were investigated. The first 60 min of their recordings after sleep were segmented into 30-s segments and 13 parameters were extracted: PR, QT, ST, QRS, PP, and RR; mean heart rate; two time-domain HRV parameters: SDNN, RMSSD; and four frequency heart rate variability parameters: LF_power, HF_power, total power, and the ratio of LF_power/HF_power. The mean and standard deviation of these parameters were the input to a support vector machine which was trained to separate OSAD- and OSAD+. Results: The proposed model distinguished between OSAD+ and OSAD- groups with an accuracy of 78.18%, a sensitivity of 73.91%, a specificity of 81.25%, and a precision of 73.91%. Conclusion: This study shows the potential of using only ECG for detecting depression in OSA patients.
Three-point adaptive preview steady-state compensation driver model based on articulated heavy vehicle
Authors: Zhaowen Deng , He Tianhao , Gao Wei , Zhao Youqun , Chen Yufeng , Wang Baohua
Published: November 2024

This article proposes a three-point adaptive preview steady-state compensation driver model based on articulated heavy vehicles (AHVs). Although AHVs have extremely high road transportation efficiency, they have poor driving stability and high accident risk during high-speed transportation due to their large weight, high center of mass and multi-body characteristics. However, there are few studies on intelligent driving control of AHVs. In order to improve the active safety performance of AHVs, a three-point adaptive preview driver model is designed in this article. Based on the driver model, a sliding mode steady-state compensation controller is added. The three-point adaptive preview driver is different from other driver models. Its characteristic is that the preview distance can be automatically adjusted according to the vehicle speed and road curvature. A driver model with three-point preview weighted deviation, preview time, current vehicle speed and vehicle state as input and front wheel angle as output is established. Considering the trailer state, the front wheel angle is compensated and corrected by sliding mode steady-state compensation controller. The simulation results show that the model can reasonably judge the relationship between the target path and the vehicle position, adapt to the dynamic adjustment mechanism of the preview distance, and has good tracking accuracy. The front wheel compensation angle provided by the sliding mode controller under high speed and extreme conditions can ensure that the AHVs can track the target trajectory while maintaining driving stability.
Solid-state recycling of brass wire scrap into hexagonal bars by hot extrusion
Authors: Chiba Ryoichi , Fujimoto Yushi , Suga Yumika
Published: November 2024

This study explores the solid-state recycling of brass wire scrap into hexagonal bars using hot extrusion. Brass wire cut pieces, obtained from used thin electrode wires, were cold-compacted into cylindrical billets and successfully extruded into hexagonal bars at 923 K under two different extrusion ratios, 4.4 and 9. Tensile and Vickers hardness tests reveal that higher extrusion ratios significantly enhance the ultimate tensile strength of the recycled materials, although yield strength and hardness remain relatively stable across both extrusion ratios. Finite element analysis shows that the overall effective strain introduced is notably higher at the extrusion ratio of 9, with an approximate 45% increase at the centre position compared to the ratio of 4.4. This increased strain results in finer grain structures and improved bonding among individual brass wire pieces, contributing to observed tensile strengths exceeding 300 MPa. Additionally, the excellent machinability of the recycled bars permits precise shaping through lathe turning, enabling further processing into machinery parts.
Children’s Pathways into Commercial Sexual Exploitation in the United States: A Systematic Review
Authors: Godoy Sarah M. , Hall William J. , Cal Teresa , Bath Eraka P. , Abrams Laura S. , Goode Rachel W. , Jensen Todd M. , Chapman Mimi V.
Published: November 2024

This study examined current evidence on children’s pathways into commercial sexual exploitation (CSE) in the United States to determine if characteristics, vulnerabilities, and social contexts were distinguishable by age, gender, race/ethnicity, and location. Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines, peer-reviewed studies and grey literature were included if they were focused on CSE pathways prior to age 18, available in English, U.S. based, and published in or after 2013. In total, 1,989 articles were screened and 306 were eligible for full-text review. In total, 22 studies were analyzed. Nine studies focused on cis girls or women. No studies exclusively focused on CSE among cis boys, gender diverse children, children identifying as LGBTQ+, or children initiated from infancy through preadolescence. Findings indicate that boys and girls at different life stages were initiated into CSE by five pathways, including: (a) family members and caregivers’ paramours; (b) romantic partners; (c) peers, friends, and acquaintances; (d) strangers; and (e) circumstantial need. Girls and boys in infancy, toddlerhood, and preadolescence and across rural–urban classifications were exploited by family members, parent’s romantic partners, and acquaintances known to their family. Adolescent girls, including those with intellectual disabilities, were trafficked by boyfriends, strangers, and out of circumstantial needs. This is the first review to provide a contemporary overview of dynamics that marked children’s CSE pathways from infancy through adolescence. Findings revealed need for future research on CSE-impacted boys, gender diverse and LGBTQ+ children, and intellectually challenged children across early life stages and geographic areas.
Youth and Young Adult Access to Flavored Vaping Products Following a Sales Restriction in New York State: A Mixed Methods Approach
Authors: Henes Amy , Coats Ellen M. , Hein Riley , Nonnemaker James , Cunningham-Rhoads Brian , Brown Elizabeth M. , Farrelly Matthew C. , Fajobi OlaOluwa , Anker Elizabeth , Lee Jennifer
Published: November 2024

Introduction

We examined youth and young adult access to flavored vaping products following New York’s (NY’s) flavored vaping product sales restriction in 2020.

Method

In 2021, we conducted an online survey (N = 493) and focus groups (N = 33) with NY youth and young adults who vaped in the past year (ages 15–24). We summarize findings and use logistic regression to assess associations with access to flavored vaping products.

Results

Most youth and young adults who vaped in the past year (64%) had obtained flavored vaping products. Among them, 49% purchased in a store, 47% got them from social sources, and 11% bought online. Focus group participants reported restricted products were available on store shelves or behind the counter. Those under age 21 were less likely to buy flavored vaping products in store than those aged 21–24, but age was unrelated to online purchases. Focus group participants reported websites did not require age verification, or they found ways to circumvent it. Most believed buying flavored vaping products was easy (77%) and had gotten easier or stayed the same in the past year (70%).

Discussion

Most NY youth and young adults who vaped in the past year obtained flavored vaping products and found it easy to buy them after the statewide sales restriction, suggesting that implementation has not occurred as intended. Findings also raise questions about retailer compliance and highlight enforcement challenges with online purchases. Continued retailer education and enforcement efforts, including for online sales, may help flavored vaping product sales restrictions achieve intended outcomes.
Developing a Carotid Pseudoaneurysm Model in Swine
Authors: Banaskiewicz Karolina , Oliver Alexander A. , Treffalls Rebecca N. , Price Colin , Benike Amy , Dragomir-Daescu Dan , Morrison Jonathan J.
Published: November 2024

Background:

Traumatic carotid artery pseudoaneurysms (PSAs) represent a vascular anomaly with potential for serious complications, including stroke. Traditional treatments involve endovascular stenting, which may not be ideally suited to otherwise healthy vessels that have the potential to remodel. Given the limitations of smaller animal models in replicating human vasculature and the need for improved treatment modalities, this study introduces a novel swine model for the creation and evaluation of carotid PSAs.

Methods:

The PSAs were created from bovine dura and anastomosed in an end-to-side fashion to bilateral carotid arteries. The PSAs were radiologically followed up post-operatively and were harvested at 3 and 10 days for histological analysis.

Results:

Pseudoaneurysms were successfully created in both animals without intra-operative or immediate post-operative complications. Radiological analysis showed well-perfused PSAs with intra-aneurysmal turbulence, hemodynamically mimicking human carotid artery PSAs. There was no evidence of thrombus or arterial stenosis. Histological examinations revealed thrombus maturation and tight anastomosis of the PSA sac with the native artery.

Conclusions:

This PSA swine model offers a replicable, cost-effective, and easily implemented tool with the potential to advance carotid PSA management and educational efforts in vascular surgery.

Clinical Impact

The model presented in this methodology paper allows for a standardized PSA animal model allowing for the standardization of a clinical entity which is frequently heterogenenous in morphology. This can allow for the development of new therapies or provide a ground truth for computer modelling for further in silico study.
LOF 1B or not LOF 1B, That is the Question: Insights From a New Mouse Model of SCN1B DEE
Authors: Wagnon Jacy L.
Published: November 2024

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Not Quite Good as New: Elevated Healthcare Utilization Surrounding and After Epilepsy Diagnosis
Authors: Terman Samuel W.
Published: November 2024

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Seize the Day or Let It Slip Away? The Dilemma of Epilepsy Surgery in Older Adults
Authors: Zawar Ifrah
Published: November 2024

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Human-Automation Trust Development as a Function of Automation Exposure, Familiarity, and Perceived Risk: A High-Fidelity Remotely Operated Aircraft Simulation
Authors: Chancey Eric T. , Politowicz Michael S. , Ballard Kathryn M. , Unverricht James , Buck Bill K. , Geuther Steven
Published: November 2024

Trust development will play a critical role in remote vehicle operations transitioning from automated (e.g., requiring human oversight) to autonomous systems. Factors that affect trust development were collected during a high-fidelity remote uncrewed aerial system (UAS) simulation. Six UAS operators participated in this study, which consisted of 17 trials across two days per participant. Trust in two highly automated systems were measured pre- and post-study. Perceived risk and familiarity with the systems were measured before the study. Main effects showed performance-based trust and purpose-based trust increased between the pre- and post-study measurements. System familiarity predicted process-based trust. An interaction indicated that operators who rated the systems as riskier showed an increase in a single-item trust scale between the pre- and post-study measurement, whereas participants that rated the systems as less risky maintained a higher trust rating. Individual differences showed operators adapted to why the automation was being used, and trust improved between measurements. Qualitative analysis of open-ended responses revealed themes related to behavioral responses of the aircraft and transparency issues with the automated systems. Results can be used to support training interventions and design recommendations for appropriate trust in increasingly autonomous remote operations, as well as guide future research.
Totally Endoscopic Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Reconstructed Patient-Level Data
Authors: Zoupas Ioannis , Manaki Vasiliki , Tasoudis Panagiotis T. , Karela Nina-Rafailia , Avgerinos Dimitrios V. , Mylonas Konstantinos S.
Published: November 2024

Objective:

The standard approach for coronary artery bypass grafting is open surgery. Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass has emerged as an alternative for selected patients. This meta-analysis sought to evaluate clinical outcomes with this emerging technique.

Methods:

A PRISMA-compliant search was performed up to December 14, 2022, in PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, and Cochrane. Time-to-event data were reconstructed using Kaplan–Meier curves from source literature.

Results:

A total of 2,774 patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease underwent totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass in 18 eligible studies. The mean patient age was 63.2 ± 12.3 years, and 77.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 72.2% to 82.4%) of the included patients were males. The mean operative time was 304.2 ± 155 min, whereas the mean internal mammary artery takedown time was 38.3 ± 18.4 min. Of the patients, 4.7% (95% CI: 1.6% to 9.1%) required conversions to open surgery. The 30-day complication rate was 5.9% (95% CI: 1.2% to 13.1%), whereas late complications developed in 4.8% (95% CI: 1.9% to 8.5%) of the patients. Freedom from major adverse cardiac events was 93.4% (95% CI: 85.3% to 94.8%) and 1-year, 5-year, and 10-year survival rates were 95.2%, 83.2%, and 81.7%, respectively. Reintervention was required in 3.3% (95% CI: 2.3% to 4.4%) of the cohort within a mean follow-up of 42.5 ± 27.8 months.

Conclusions:

Totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass may be a safe and viable alternative for selected patients with coronary artery disease. Long-term follow-up will help define the place of robotic endoscopic treatment in the armamentarium of myocardial revascularization.
“Men Need Role Models”: Exploring the Facilitators and Barriers for Yoga Participation Among Men
Authors: Cagas Jonathan Y. , Biddle Stuart J. H. , Castro Oscar , Vergeer Ineke
Published: November 2024

Yoga is a holistic form of physical activity taken up for various reasons, including physical and mental health, and sometimes spirituality. Despite the growing popularity of yoga as a form of health-enhancing physical activity, data show the uptake among men to be consistently low compared to women. To gain an understanding of barriers and facilitators for yoga uptake and adherence among men, four focus group discussions (three male groups, one female group) and three individual interviews were undertaken. Using thematic analysis, three themes were developed: (a) encouragement, advice, and support from trusted others, (b) confronting gender-related perceptions and issues, and (c) getting to the benefits. The findings suggest that men are more likely to take up yoga when encouraged by trusted others and male role models. Men face gender-related challenges that can be overcome by educating them about yoga, focusing on its physical benefits, and experiencing the benefits of yoga firsthand. To encourage more men into yoga, yoga teachers need to create an inclusive environment that welcomes men and caters to their needs. These findings provide valuable insight into the unique challenges experienced by men in pursuing and practicing yoga regularly. They may be used to develop targeted recruitment and marketing strategies to draw more men into yoga and encourage them to stay, which is essential for experiencing the many long-term health benefits of yoga.
Bevacizumab: The future of chronic subdural hematoma
Authors: Verma Yash , Abdelghaffar Mariam , Verma Onam , Gajjar Aryan , Ghozy Sherief , Kallmes David F
Published: November 2024

Bevacizumab (BCZ), commercially known as Avastin, is a monoclonal antibody that targets vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Initially recognized as a breakthrough in oncology, it has since gained FDA approval for various ocular conditions and more recently, for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Bevacizumab's ability to inhibit excessive neovascularization suggests it may have a potential role in treating chronic subdural hematomas (cSDH). Recent studies have shown that the pathophysiology of cSDH is more complex than previously understood, with VEGF concentrations in subdural fluid significantly exceeding those in serum, contributing to the high recurrence rates. Intra-arterial administration of bevacizumab has shown promising results in recent case series against chronic subdural hematoma, and may be a viable alternative to middle meningeal artery embolization. If successful, this treatment could significantly decrease the rate of recurrence and result in lower rates of severe neurological complications such as visual loss. This literature review explores the connection between bevacizumab and cSDH, focusing on the pharmacological, safety, and delivery aspects of this approach while summarizing the current evidence supporting its use.
Percutaneous recanalization of lower limb chronic total occlusions via tibial artery access using the BeBack™ crossing catheter
Authors: Khaitovitch Boris , Cohen Israel , Gilat Efrat K , Silverberg Daniel , Halak Moshe , Raskin Daniel
Published: November 2024

Objectives

The study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the BeBack™ crossing catheter for percutaneous recanalization of lower limb chronic total occlusions (CTO) via tibial artery access in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).

Methods

This single-center, retrospective study included 21 patients who underwent 22 limb recanalization procedures between May 2021 and April 2024. The BeBack™ catheter was utilized after traditional methods of recanalization failed. Patients aged 18 years or older with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and treated exclusively through the tibialis anterior artery were included. Data on demographics, occlusion characteristics, procedural details, and outcomes were collected from hospital records. Procedural success was defined as achieving less than 30% residual stenosis and an improvement in the ankle-brachial index (ABI) by at least 0.2 within 24 h.

Results

The median patient age was 77 years (IQR 73–81.5), with the majority being male (71%). Technical success was achieved in 95% of cases (21/22), and procedural success was achieved in 91% (20/22) cases. The device was primarily used for re-entry (77%), with a minority of cases (23%) where it was used as a crossing device. The most frequently treated artery was the superficial femoral artery (95%). One procedural failure was noted due to an inability to traverse a heavily calcified occlusion. Complications included one case of intra-procedural acute thrombosis, which was resolved, and one instance of post-procedural pulmonary edema, treated with diuretics. No reinterventions or amputations were required during the 30-day follow-up, although there were three mortalities (14%).

Conclusions

The BeBack™ crossing catheter demonstrated high technical success and a low complication rate for recanalizing lower limb CTOs via a single tibial artery access. These findings suggest that the BeBack™ catheter could be an effective and safe option for managing complex CTOs, particularly when traditional approaches are not feasible. Further prospective studies are needed to validate these results and compare them with other crossing and re-entry devices.
International practice patterns and perspectives on endovascular therapy for the treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis
Authors: Brakel Benjamin A , Rebchuk Alexander D , Ospel Johanna , Chen Yimin , Heran Manraj KS , Goyal Mayank , Hill Michael D , Miao Zhongrong , Huo Xiaochuan , Sacco Simona , Yaghi Shadi , Mai Ton Duy , Thomalla Götz , Boulouis Grégoire , Yamagami Hiroshi , Hu Wei , Nagel Simon , Puetz Volker , Kristoffersen Espen Saxhaug , Demeestere Jelle , Qiu Zhongming , Abdalkader Mohamad , Al Kasab Sami , Siegler James E , Strbian Daniel , Fischer Urs , Coutinho Jonathan , Munckhof Anita , Aguiar de Sousa Diana , Campbell Bruce CV , Raymond Jean , Ji Xunming , Saposnik Gustavo , Nguyen Thanh N , Field Thalia S
Published: November 2024

Background:

Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) accounts for 0.5–1% of all strokes. The role of endovascular therapy (EVT) in the management of CVT remains controversial and variations in practice patterns are not well known.

Aims:

Here, we present a comprehensive, international characterization of practice patterns and perspectives on the use of EVT for CVT.

Methods:

A comprehensive 42-question survey was distributed to stroke clinicians globally from May to October 2023, asking about practice patterns and perspectives on the use of EVT for CVT.

Results:

The overall response rate was 31% (863 respondents of 2744 invited) across 61 countries. The majority of respondents (74%) supported the use of EVT for CVT in certain clinical situations. Key considerations for decision-making in using EVT favored clinical over radiographic/procedural factors and included worsening level of consciousness (86%) and worsening neurological deficits (76%). In the past 3 years, 56% of respondents used EVT for the treatment of CVT, with most (49.5%) involved in two to five cases. Among interventionalists, significant variability existed in the techniques used for EVT ( p < 0.001), with aspiration thrombectomy (56%) and stent retriever (51%) being the most used overall. Regionally, interventionalists from China predominantly used intra-sinus heparin (56%), while this technique was most commonly ranked as “never indicated” throughout the rest of the world (23%). Post-procedure, low molecular weight heparin was the most used anticoagulant (83%), although North American respondents favored unfractionated heparin (37%), while imaging was primarily split between magnetic resonance (71.8%) and computed tomography (65.9%) arteriography or venography.

Conclusion:

Our survey reveals significant heterogeneity in approaches to EVT for CVT, and provides a comprehensive characterization of indications, techniques, and long-term management used by clinicians internationally. This resource will aid in optimizing patient selection and endovascular treatments for future trials.