bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video‐based modeling examples and comparative self‐explanation prompts for teaching a complex problem‐solving strategy
Authors: Meier Julius Moritz , Hesse Peter , Abele Stephan , Renkl Alexander , Glogger‐Frey Inga
Published: April 2024

Background

In example‐based learning, examples are often combined with generative activities, such as comparative self‐explanations of example cases. Comparisons induce heavy demands on working memory, especially in complex domains. Hence, only stronger learners may benefit from comparative self‐explanations. While static text‐based examples can be compared easily, this is challenging for transient video‐based modelling examples used in complex domains because simultaneous processing of two videos is not feasible.

Objectives

To allow for such comparisons, we combined video‐based modelling examples with static representations (i.e., summarizing tables) of the observed optimal and a suboptimal solution of the problem‐solving process. A comparative self‐explanation prompt asked learners to compare the different solution approaches. Our study investigated the impact of video‐based modelling examples versus independent problem‐solving on cognitive load and problem‐solving skill development. Moreover, we investigated the effects of comparative versus sequential self‐explanation prompts, depending on learners' prior knowledge.

Methods

In an experiment, 118 automotive apprentices learned a car malfunction diagnosis strategy. Apprentices were divided into three groups: (1) modelling examples with comparative self‐explanation prompts, (2) modelling examples with sequential prompts, and (3) no examples or prompts. Diagnostic knowledge and skills were assessed before and after the intervention. Cognitive load was measured retrospectively.

Results and conclusions

Despite no observed effects on cognitive load, modelling examples enhanced diagnostic knowledge and diagnostic skills with scaffolds, though not independent diagnostic skills without scaffolds. The need for more practice opportunities to foster independent diagnostic skills is assumed. Additionally, comparative prompts seem promising for learners with higher prior knowledge.

Takeaways

Video‐based modelling examples were more beneficial for learning than practising to apply the diagnostic strategy. Static representations allow for comparisons of video examples and comparative prompts are promising for learners with higher prior knowledge (cf. expertise‐reversal effect). Further research, especially on the effects on cognitive load, is necessary.
Dihydroartemisinin induces ferroptosis of hepatocellular carcinoma via inhibiting ATF4‐xCT pathway
Authors: Ji Jie , Cheng Ziqi , Zhang Jie , Wu Jianye , Xu Xuanfu , Guo Chuanyong , Feng Jiao
Published: April 2024

Management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains challenging due to population growth, frequent recurrence and drug resistance. Targeting of genes involved with the ferroptosis is a promising alternative treatment strategy for HCC. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) against HCC and explore the underlying mechanisms. The effects of DHA on induction of ferroptosis were investigated with the measurement of malondialdehyde concentrations, oxidised C11 BODIPY 581/591 staining, as well as subcutaneous xenograft experiments. Activated transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11 or xCT) were overexpressed with lentiviruses to verify the target of DHA. Here, we confirmed the anticancer effect of DHA in inducing ferroptosis is related to ATF4. High expression of ATF4 is related to worse clinicopathological prognosis of HCC. Mechanistically, DHA inhibited the expression of ATF4, thereby promoting lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis of HCC cells. Overexpression of ATF4 rescued DHA‐induced ferroptosis. Moreover, ATF4 could directly bound to the SLC7A11 promoter and increase its transcription. In addition, DHA enhances the chemosensitivity of sorafenib on HCC in vivo and in vitro. These findings confirm that DHA induces ferroptosis of HCC via inhibiting ATF4‐xCT pathway, thereby providing new drug options for the treatment of HCC.
Non‐apoptotic regulated cell death mediates reprogramming of the tumour immune microenvironment by macrophages
Authors: Sun Chengpeng , Zhan Jianhao , Li Yao , Zhou Chulin , Huang Shuo , Zhu Xingen , Huang Kai
Published: April 2024

Tumour immune microenvironment (TIME) plays an indispensable role in tumour progression, and tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in TIME. Non‐apoptotic regulated cell death (RCD) can avoid the influence of tumour apoptosis resistance on anti‐tumour immune response. Specifically, autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis and necroptosis mediate the crosstalk between TAMs and tumour cells in TIME, thus reprogram TIME and affect the progress of tumour. In addition, although some achievements have been made in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), there is still defect that ICIs are only effective for some people because non‐apoptotic RCD can bypass the apoptosis resistance of tumour. As a result, ICIs combined with targeting non‐apoptotic RCD may be a promising solution. In this paper, the basic molecular mechanism of non‐apoptotic RCD, the way in which non‐apoptotic RCD mediates crosstalk between TAMs and tumour cells to reprogram TIME, and the latest research progress in targeting non‐apoptotic RCD and ICIs are reviewed.
A statistical approach to law school citation rankings
Authors: Fischman Joshua
Published: April 2024

Citation rankings have emerged as a popular approach to ranking the scholarly impact of law faculties. This paper develops a statistical approach for inferring faculty quality from citation counts and determining when differences among law schools are significant. Statistical tests demonstrate that the distribution of citations within faculties closely follows the lognormal distribution, subject to small adjustments. This suggests a simple test for comparing faculties: whether they could be drawn from lognormal distributions with the same log mean. Under this approach, the geometric mean of citations is the most efficient measure for summarizing faculty quality. Using citation data collected from HeinOnline, this article provides a citation ranking for 195 law schools in the United States. Most differences between peer schools are statistically insignificant, and confidence intervals on citation ranks are extremely wide. Except for the highest‐ranked faculties, citation rankings provide little information on the relative quality of faculties.
Focused attention and intrinsic motivation using animations for instruction of fundamental motor skills in children with Down syndrome
Authors: Bridi D. , Valentini N. C. , Deslandes A. C. , Copetti F.
Published: April 2024

Background

Children with Down syndrome (DS) demonstrate poorer performance in locomotor and ball skills than children with typical development. During motor assessment, keeping children's attention and motivation is challenging, especially for children with DS, which may affect the test outcomes. This study aimed first to examine the impact of examiner and App‐animation demonstrations during the assessment on the performance of fundamental motor skills, focus of attention and intrinsic motivation for children with DS and neurotypical development (NTD). The secondary aim was to examine the differences in those outcomes between children with DS and neurotypical development.

Methods

A sample of 24 children (10 with DS and 14 with NTD) aged between 3 and 10 years were subjected to two motor performance assessment protocols: a traditional protocol using the Gross Motor Development Test‐3 (TGMD‐3) and a protocol using animations from an application as support for TGMD‐3 (AppP). The focus of attention was obtained from video recordings during protocol instruction (number of eye shifts, eye shift time, instruction focus time, number of instructions required and total instruction time). Intrinsic motivation was assessed by the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) at the end of each protocol.

Results

The results showed no significant differences between the protocols for locomotor skills, ball skills and gross motor index. However, children with NTD outperformed those with DS in these skills. When analysing the focus of attention, children with DS showed greater ocular deviations and longer instruction time requested in the traditional protocol compared with AppP, even when compared with NDT children. When comparing protocols in both groups, AppP demonstrated fewer ocular deviations and shorter ocular deviation times. Regarding intrinsic motivation, children with DS in the traditional protocol had lower motivation scores than those with NTD. Regarding the purchase of protocols, in both groups, the AppP presented higher scores for interest/pleasure, perceived competence and general motivation, with lower pressure/tension.

Conclusion

The animated application (AppP) proved effective as a visual support during the TGMD‐3 assessment, particularly benefiting children with DS by enhancing motivation and attention.
Effects of bile acid metabolism on intestinal health of livestock and poultry
Authors: Jia Hongpeng , Dong Na
Published: April 2024

Bile acids are synthesised in the liver and are essential amphiphilic steroids for maintaining the balance of cholesterol and energy metabolism in livestock and poultry. They can be used as novel feed additives to promote fat utilisation in the diet and the absorption of fat‐soluble substances in the feed to improve livestock performance and enhance carcass quality. With the development of understanding of intestinal health, the balance of bile acid metabolism is closely related to the composition and growth of livestock intestinal microbiota, inflammatory response, and metabolic diseases. This paper systematically reviews the effects of bile acid metabolism on gut health and gut microbiology in livestock. In addition, our paper summarised the role of bile acid metabolism in performance and disease control.
Regulation of CNS pathology by Serpina3n/SERPINA3: The knowns and the puzzles
Authors: Zhu Meina , Lan Zhaohui , Park Joohyun , Gong Shuaishuai , Wang Yan , Guo Fuzheng
Published: April 2024

Neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, neuron and glia injury/death and myelin damage are common central nervous system (CNS) pathologies observed in various neurological diseases and injuries. Serine protease inhibitor (Serpin) clade A member 3n (Serpina3n), and its human orthologue SERPINA3, is an acute‐phase inflammatory glycoprotein secreted primarily by the liver into the bloodstream in response to systemic inflammation. Clinically, SERPINA3 is dysregulated in brain cells, cerebrospinal fluid and plasma in various neurological conditions. Although it has been widely accepted that Serpina3n/SERPINA3 is a reliable biomarker of reactive astrocytes in diseased CNS, recent data have challenged this well‐cited concept, suggesting instead that oligodendrocytes and neurons are the primary sources of Serpina3n/SERPINA3. The debate continues regarding whether Serpina3n/SERPINA3 induction represents a pathogenic or a protective mechanism. Here, we propose possible interpretations for previously controversial data and present perspectives regarding the potential role of Serpina3n/SERPINA3 in CNS pathologies, including demyelinating disorders where oligodendrocytes are the primary targets. We hypothesise that the ‘good’ or ‘bad’ aspects of Serpina3n/SERPINA3 depend on its cellular sources, its subcellular distribution (or mis‐localisation) and/or disease/injury types. Furthermore, circulating Serpina3n/SERPINA3 may cross the BBB to impact CNS pathologies. Cell‐specific genetic tools are critically important to tease out the potential roles of cell type‐dependent Serpina3n in CNS diseases/injuries.
Current state and advances in desensitization for peanut allergy in pediatric age
Authors: Foti Randazzese Simone , Panasiti Ilenia , Caminiti Lucia , Catamerò Francesco , Landi Massimo , De Filippo Maria , Votto Martina , Olcese Roberta , Favuzza Filippo , Giovannini Mattia , Barberi Salvatore
Published: April 2024

Peanut allergy affects about 1%–3% of the pediatric population in the world, with an important increase in the last decades. Nowadays, international guidelines recommend the early introduction of peanuts in the infant diet, with poor information about the quantity and the frequency of the intake. Allergen immunotherapy may represent the only therapeutic strategy able to modify the natural history of peanut allergy. In particular, oral immunotherapy showed the most promising results in terms of efficacy, but with significant rates of adverse reactions, mostly gastrointestinal. In 2020, the Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency approved Palforzia®, an oral drug for patients aged 4–17 years. Several studies are ongoing to improve the tolerability of oral immunotherapy and standardize the desensitization protocols. Sublingual immunotherapy permits to offer much lower doses than oral immunotherapy, but fewer adverse events are shown. Subcutaneous immunotherapy is associated with the greatest systemic adverse effects. Epicutaneous immunotherapy, for which Viaskin® patch was approved, has the highest safety profile. Innovative studies are evaluating the use of biological drugs, such as omalizumab or dupilumab, and probiotics, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, in monotherapy or associated with oral immunotherapy. Therapy for peanut allergy is constantly evolving, and new perspectives are ongoing to develop.

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Comparison of BlockBuster laryngeal mask with Air‐Q intubating laryngeal airway as a conduit for fiber‐optic guided intubation in children: A prospective randomized controlled study
Authors: Soni Lipika , Kumar Kanil Ranjith , Sinha Renu , Ayub Arshad , Patel Nishant
Published: April 2024

Background

The pediatric sizes of BlockBuster supraglottic airway (SGA) have been introduced recently. Its efficacy as a conduit for endotracheal intubation in children has not been assessed. Newer devices are often compared with Air‐Q SGA to assess their intubating capability.

Aims

The primary objective was to compare the time taken for fiber‐optic‐guided intubation through the BlockBuster and the Air‐Q SGAs.

Methods

Sixty children aged 6 months to 12 years with normal airways were randomized into two groups: Air‐Q SGA (Group A) and Blockbuster SGA (Group B). After administration of general anesthesia, an appropriately sized SGA was inserted. The time taken for fiber‐optic‐guided intubation through the SGA, success, ease, and time for SGA insertion and removal were noted. The glottic view was graded by fiber‐optic bronchoscopy.

Results

Demographic parameters were comparable. The time to intubate with the BlockBuster 62.40 ± 17.2 s was comparable to the Air‐Q 60.8 ± 18.5 s (mean difference 1.6 s, 95% CI −7.65 to10.85; p = .73). The average time for SGA insertion in BlockBuster and Air‐Q was 14.57 ± 3.2 s and 16.67 ± 5.39 s, respectively (mean difference −2.1, 95% CI −4.39 to 0.19 s; p = .07). The first‐attempt intubation success and overall intubation success rates were comparable in both groups, 96.7% and 100%, respectively. In Group B, 25/3/1/1/0 cases had a glottic view grade of 1/2/3/4/5, respectively. In Group A, 23/3/2/2/0 cases had grade of 1/2/3/4/5 glottic views respectively. The average time to SGA removal was comparable between the BlockBuster (20.17 ± 5.8 s) and the Air‐Q (22.5 ± 12.8 s) groups (mean difference −2.3 s, 95% CI −7.5 to 2.82 s; p = .37). None of the children had any perioperative complications.

Conclusion

BlockBuster SGA may be a useful alternative to Air‐Q for SGA‐assisted, fiber‐optic‐guided tracheal intubation in children.
Heavy metal stress and mitogen activated kinase transcription factors in plants: Exploring heavy metal‐ROS influences on plant signalling pathways
Authors: Niekerk Lee‐Ann , Gokul Arun , Basson Gerhard , Badiwe Mihlali , Nkomo Mbukeni , Klein Ashwil , Keyster Marshall
Published: April 2024

Due to their stationary nature, plants are exposed to a diverse range of biotic and abiotic stresses, of which heavy metal (HM) stress poses one of the most detrimental abiotic stresses, targeting diverse plant processes. HMs instigate the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and to mitigate the adverse effects of ROS, plants induce multiple defence mechanisms. Besides the negative implications of overproduction of ROS, these molecules play a multitude of signalling roles in plants, acting as a central player in the complex signalling network of cells. One of the ROS‐associated signalling mechanisms is the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, a signalling pathway which transduces extracellular stimuli into intracellular responses. Plant MAPKs have been implicated in signalling involved in stress response, phytohormone regulation, and cell cycle cues. However, the influence of various HMs on MAPK activation has not been well documented. In this review, we address and summarise several aspects related to various HM‐induced ROS signalling. Additionally, we touch on how these signals activate the MAPK cascade and the downstream transcription factors that influence plant responses to HMs. Moreover, we propose a workflow that could characterise genes associated with MAPKs and their roles during plant HM stress responses.
The latest Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous climate and oceanographic changes in the Western Tethys: The Transdanubian Range (Hungary) perspective
Authors: Lodowski Damian G. , Szives Ottilia , Virág Attila , Grabowski Jacek
Published: April 2024

The Jurassic/Cretaceous transition was characterized by several distinct palaeoenvironmental processes and events, amongst which some of the best known are the late Tithonian–early Berriasian aridization and the late Berriasian tectonic reactivation in the Neotethyan Collision Belt. This study aims to reconstruct the latest Jurassic–earliest Cretaceous palaeoenvironment and its evolution in the area of the Transdanubian Range (Hárskút and Lókút successions, Hungary), and provide new data on the relation between climate changes, palaeoceanography and marine ecosystems. Herein, calcareous nannofossil and geochemical data are presented and put into a geochronological framework in order to evaluate and compare palaeoenvironmental signals recorded in the two studied successions; the resultant scenario is compared with published literature data from both the western Tethyan region and northern Europe. Accordingly, in the Transdanubian Range, the relatively humid climate of the early Tithonian was followed by the late Tithonian–early Berriasian arid phase and the late Berriasian humidification. Besides, two intervals of palaeoceanographic perturbations were documented in the upper Tithonian–lowermost Berriasian (OD I), and the lower/upper Berriasian transition beds (OD II); these are manifested by the record of seafloor hypoxia and elevated accumulations of micronutrients, as well as changes in calcareous nannofossil assemblages. In the view of this study, the most probable trigger of the late Tithonian–early Berriasian aridization was a restriction in the atmospheric circulation (including monsoons), which was forced by climate cooling and lowering thermal gradient between landmasses and the ocean. Under such conditions, the mechanism of a wind‐induced water mixing might become less efficient, driving seawater stratification, seafloor hypoxia and increased burial of nutrients. Although the humid climate of the late Berriasian likely resumed the monsoon‐type circulation, the tectonic reactivation and uplift in the NeoTethyan Collision Belt might have effectively separated the Bakony Basin from the ‘open’ NeoTethys, which hampered the marine circulation and efficient water mixing in the former.
Study of a lytic bacteriophage as a tool for the control of Salmonella Gallinarum in layer poultry
Authors: Ortiz Xoana , Gismondi María Inés , Barrios Hebe
Published: April 2024

One of the leading diseases affecting laying poultry in Argentina is fowl typhoid, caused by the pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Gallinarum (S. Gallinarum). Although this disease was eradicated from industrial hatcheries in several developed countries, it is still present in commercial farms in Latin America, causing substantial economic losses due to high mortality rates, limited production of quality eggs, high veterinary costs, and the need to renovate infected facilities. To develop a new S. Gallinarum biocontrol method, in the present study, we characterized a bacteriophage in terms of host specificity, growth kinetics, and stability under different environmental conditions. The phage could infect an ample range of bacterial hosts and had no lytic activity against the vaccine strain 9R. Moreover, the phage was stable at pH 3, chloroform presence did not significantly reduce its titer, and its activity wasnot affected by antibiotics or various chemical agents often used in aviculture. Application of a phage suspension on S. Gallinarum-contaminated surfaces resulted in a significant reduction of bacterial load (p < 0.05). These results show that lytic bacteriophages such as the one studied here are innovative alternatives with potential applications to control S. Gallinarum in laying poultry farms.
Fluid Dynamic Study of the Penn State Pediatric Total Artificial Heart
Authors: Kubicki Cody , Raich Emma , Selinsky Peter , Ponnaluri Sailahari , Weiss William J. , Manning Keefe B.
Published: April 2024

Penn State University is developing a pediatric total artificial heart (TAH) as a bridge-to-transplant device that supports infants and small children with single ventricle anomalies or biventricular heart failure to address high waitlist mortality rates for pediatric patients with severe congenital heart disease (CHD). Two issues with mechanical circulatory support devices are thrombus formation and thromboembolic events. This in vitro study characterizes flow within Penn State's pediatric total artificial heart under physiological operating conditions. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to quantify flow within the pump and to calculate wall shear rates (WSRs) along the internal pump surface to identify potential thrombogenic regions. Results show that the diastolic inflow jets produce sufficient wall shear rates to reduce thrombus deposition potential along the inlet side of the left and right pumps. The inlet jet transitions to rotational flow, which promotes wall washing along the apex of the pumps, prevents flow stasis, and aligns flow with the outlet valve prior to systolic ejection. However, inconsistent high wall shear rates near the pump apex cause increased thrombogenic potential. Strong systolic outflow jets produce high wall shear rates near the outlet valve to reduce thrombus deposition risk. The right pump, which has a modified outlet port angle to improve anatomical fit, produces lower wall shear rates and higher thrombus susceptibility potential (TSP) compared to the left pump. In summary, this study provides a fluid dynamic understanding of a new pediatric total artificial heart and indicates thrombus susceptibility is primarily confined to the apex, consistent with similar pulsatile heart pumps.
Murine norovirus mutants adapted to replicate in human cells reveal a post-entry restriction
Authors: Budicini Melissa R. , Rodriguez-Irizarry Valerie J. , Maples Robert W. , Pfeiffer Julie K.
Published: April 2024

RNA viruses lack proofreading in their RNA polymerases and therefore exist as genetically diverse populations. By exposing these diverse viral populations to selective pressures, viruses with mutations that confer fitness advantages can be enriched. To examine factors important for viral tropism and host restriction, we passaged murine norovirus (MNV) in a human cell line, HeLa cells, to select mutant viruses with increased fitness in non-murine cells. A major determinant of host range is expression of the MNV receptor CD300lf on mouse cells, but additional host factors may limit MNV replication in human cells. We found that viruses passaged six times in HeLa cells had enhanced replication compared with the parental virus. The passaged viruses had several mutations throughout the viral genome, which were primarily located in the viral non-structural coding regions. Although viral attachment was not altered for the passaged viruses, their replication was higher than the parental virus when the entry was bypassed, suggesting that the mutant viruses overcame a post-entry block in human cells. Three mutations in the viral NS1 protein were sufficient for enhanced post-entry replication in human cells. We found that the human cell-adapted MNV variants had reduced fitness in murine BV2 cells and infected mice, with reduced viral titers. These results suggest a fitness tradeoff, where increased fitness in a non-native host cell reduces fitness in a natural host environment. Overall, this work suggests that MNV tropism is determined by the presence of not only the viral receptor but also post-entry factors.

IMPORTANCE

Viruses infect specific species and cell types, which is dictated by the expression of host factors required for viral entry as well as downstream replication steps. Murine norovirus (MNV) infects mouse cells, but not human cells. However, human cells expressing the murine CD300lf receptor support MNV replication, suggesting that receptor expression is a major determinant of MNV tropism. To determine whether other factors influence MNV tropism, we selected for variants with enhanced replication in human cells. We identified mutations that enhance MNV replication in human cells and demonstrated that these mutations enhance infection at a post-entry replication step. Therefore, MNV infection of human cells is restricted at both entry and post-entry stages. These results shed new light on factors that influence viral tropism and host range.
Harnessing the power of IFN for therapeutic approaches to COVID-19
Authors: Viox Elise G. , Bosinger Steven E. , Douek Daniel C. , Schreiber Gideon , Paiardini Mirko
Published: April 2024

Interferons (IFNs) are essential for defense against viral infections but also drive recruitment of inflammatory cells to sites of infection, a key feature of severe COVID-19. Here, we explore the complexity of the IFN response in COVID-19, examine the effects of manipulating IFN on SARS-CoV-2 viral replication and pathogenesis, and highlight pre-clinical and clinical studies evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of IFN in limiting COVID-19 severity.
Prediction of high-risk emergency department revisits from a machine-learning algorithm: a proof-of-concept study
Authors: Sung Chih-Wei , Ho Joshua , Fan Cheng-Yi , Chen Ching-Yu , Chen Chi-Hsin , Lin Shao-Yung , Chang Jia-How , Chen Jiun-Wei , Huang Edward Pei-Chuan
Published: April 2024

Background

High-risk emergency department (ED) revisit is considered an important quality indicator that may reflect an increase in complications and medical burden. However, because of its multidimensional and highly complex nature, this factor has not been comprehensively investigated. This study aimed to predict high-risk ED revisit with a machine-learning (ML) approach.

Methods

This 3-year retrospective cohort study assessed adult patients between January 2019 and December 2021 from National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch with high-risk ED revisit, defined as hospital or intensive care unit admission after ED return within 72 hours. A total of 150 features were preliminarily screened, and 79 were used in the prediction model. Deep learning, random forest, extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) and stacked ensemble algorithm were used. The stacked ensemble model combined multiple ML models and performed model stacking as a meta-level algorithm. Confusion matrix, accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) were used to evaluate performance.

Results

Analysis was performed for 6282 eligible adult patients: 5025 (80.0%) in the training set and 1257 (20.0%) in the testing set. High-risk ED revisit occurred for 971 (19.3%) of training set patients vs 252 (20.1%) in the testing set. Leading predictors of high-risk ED revisit were age, systolic blood pressure and heart rate. The stacked ensemble model showed more favourable prediction performance (AUROC 0.82) than the other models: deep learning (0.69), random forest (0.78) and XGBoost (0.79). Also, the stacked ensemble model achieved favourable accuracy and specificity.

Conclusion

The stacked ensemble algorithm exhibited better prediction performance in which the predictions were generated from different ML algorithms to optimally maximise the final set of results. Patients with older age and abnormal systolic blood pressure and heart rate at the index ED visit were vulnerable to high-risk ED revisit. Further studies should be conducted to externally validate the model.
Impact of age, comorbidities and relevant changes on surveillance strategy of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms: a competing risk analysis
Authors: Crippa Stefano , Marchegiani Giovanni , Belfiori Giulio , Rancoita Paola Vittoria Maria , Pollini Tommaso , Burelli Anna , Apadula Laura , Scarale Maria Giovanna , Socci Davide , Biancotto Marco , Vanella Giuseppe , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , Capurso Gabriele , Salvia Roberto , Falconi Massimo
Published: April 2024

Objective

Cost-effectiveness of surveillance for branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) is debated. We combined different categories of risks of IPMN progression and of IPMN-unrelated mortality to improve surveillance strategies.

Design

Retrospective analysis of 926 presumed BD-IPMNs lacking worrisome features (WFs)/high-risk stigmata (HRS) under surveillance. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CACI) defined the severity of comorbidities. IPMN relevant changes included development of WF/HRS, pancreatectomy or death for IPMN or pancreatic cancer. Pancreatic malignancy-unrelated death was recorded. Cumulative incidence of IPMN relevant changes were estimated using the competing risk approach.

Results

5-year cumulative incidence of relevant changes was 17.83% and 1.6% developed pancreatic malignancy. 5-year cumulative incidences for IPMN relevant changes were 13.73%, 19.93% and 25.04% in low-risk, intermediate-risk and high-risk groups, respectively. Age ≥75 (HR: 4.15) and CACI >3 (HR: 3.61) were independent predictors of pancreatic malignancy-unrelated death. 5-year cumulative incidence for death for other causes was 15.93% for age ≥75+CACI >3 group and 1.49% for age <75+CACI ≤3. 5-year cumulative incidence of IPMN relevant changes were 13.94% in patients with age <75+CACI ≤3 compared with 29.60% in those with age ≥75+CACI >3. In this group 5-year rate of malignancy-free patients was 95.56% with a 5-year survival of 79.51%.

Conclusion

Although it is not uncommon the occurrence of changes considered by current guidelines as relevant during surveillance of low risk BD-IPMNs, malignancy rate is low and survival is significantly affected by competing patients’ age and comorbidities. IPMN surveillance strategy should be tailored based on these features and modulated over time.
Preferential whole blood transfusion during the early resuscitation period is associated with decreased mortality and transfusion requirements in traumatically injured patients
Authors: Lammers Daniel , Hu Parker , Rokayak Omar , Baird Emily W , Betzold Richard D , Hashmi Zain , Kerby Jeffrey David , Jansen Jan O , Holcomb John B
Published: April 2024

Introduction

Whole blood (WB) transfusion represents a promising resuscitation strategy for trauma patients. However, a paucity of data surrounding the optimal incorporation of WB into resuscitation strategies persists. We hypothesized that traumatically injured patients who received a greater proportion of WB compared with blood product components during their resuscitative efforts would have improved early mortality outcomes and decreased transfusion requirements compared with those who received a greater proportion of blood product components.

Methods

Retrospective review from our Level 1 trauma center of trauma patients during their initial resuscitation (2019–2022) was performed. WB to packed red blood cell ratios (WB:RBC) were assigned to patients based on their respective blood product resuscitation at 1, 2, 3, and 24 hours from presentation. Multivariable regression models were constructed to assess the relationship of WB:RBC to 4 and 24-hour mortality, and 24-hour transfusion requirements.

Results

390 patients were evaluated (79% male, median age of 33 years old, 48% penetrating injury rate, and a median Injury Severity Score of 27). Overall mortality at 4 hours was 9%, while 24-hour mortality was 12%. A significantly decreased 4-hour mortality was demonstrated in patients who displayed a WB:RBC≥1 at 1 hour (5.9% vs. 12.3%; OR 0.17, p=0.015), 2 hours (5.5% vs. 13%; OR 0.16, p=0.019), and 3 hours (5.5% vs. 13%, OR 0.18, p<0.01), while a decreased 24-hour mortality was displayed in those with a WB:RBC≥1 at 24 hours (7.9% vs. 14.6%, OR 0.21, p=0.01). Overall 24-hour transfusion requirements were significantly decreased within the WB:RBC≥1 cohort (12.1 units vs. 24.4 units, p<0.01).

Conclusion

Preferential WB transfusion compared with a balanced transfusion strategy during the early resuscitative period was associated with a lower 4 and 24-hour mortality, as well as decreased 24-hour transfusion requirements, in trauma patients. Future prospective studies are warranted to determine the optimal use of WB in trauma.

Level of evidence

Level III/therapeutic
Estimating spawning green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris Ayres, 1854) abundance in the Sacramento River using side-scan sonar and N-mixture models
Authors: Battaile Brian C. , Mora Ethan A. , Lehman Brendan M. , Dudley Peter N.
Published: April 2024

Current estimates of the threatened southern distinct population segment of the North American green sturgeon ( Acipenser medirostris) combine a plot-sampling density estimator with Dual frequency IDentification SONar (DIDSON) and adaptive resolution imaging sonar (ARIS) sonar data. From 2020 to 2022, we annually collected images of all known green sturgeon aggregations and compared the established method to an N-mixture model using side-scan sonar images. We compared 18 different N-mixture model combinations and chose an overdispersed Poisson model that produced estimated abundances of 742, 1286, and 1208 for 2020–2022, respectively. These numbers are ∼2 times greater than the previous method and, if sustained, would fulfill a key criterion for green sturgeon recovery. N-mixture models are known to be sensitive to violations of assumptions, such as the highly dispersed data from our study that caused serious issues, and we recommend practitioners make judicious use of overdispersion and goodness-of-fit tests and be able to identify parameter confounding between detectability and abundance estimates. For our green sturgeon, we recommend simpler population estimates and to focus future energy on reducing variability in the data collection process.
ICT Adoption and Its Effects on the Economic Growth of Bangladesh: A Time Series Analysis
Authors: Islam Md. Mominul , Latifee Enamul Hafiz , Sumi Sabikun Nahar , Hayder Md. Zulfiker
Published: April 2024

Understanding information and communication technology (ICT) adoption’s particular effects on a nation like Bangladesh is critical because ICT adoption continues to play a significant role in promoting economic progress globally. By analysing the relationships between ICT use and economic growth in Bangladesh, this study examines data from 2002 through 2021 using a time series analysis. ICT export, gross capital formation, mobile cellular subscriptions, government budget allocation, and foreign direct investment are just a few of the independent variables the study takes into account in relation to ICT adoption. These factors were selected based on their applicability to the adoption of ICT and their potential impact on economic expansion. According to the results of the time series research, the ICT sector’s growing exports have a favourable and considerable impact on long-term economic growth. Mobile cellular subscriptions negatively affect economic growth, with significant short-term impact and insignificant long-term effect. The influence of the government budget is detrimental but insignificant for both long-term and short-term economic growth. The study comes to the conclusion that Bangladesh’s economic development is significantly benefited by the adoption of ICT. The study also highlights the significance of government assistance through budgetary allocation and strategies that draw in foreign direct investment. The results can direct the development of policies and evidence-based decision-making to use ICT adoption as an accelerator for sustained economic development in Bangladesh.
The Belt and Road Initiative and Regional Infrastructure Finance and Construction
Authors: LIN Justin Yifu , WANG Yan
Published: April 2024

This article discusses the rationale for the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and conducts an empirical analysis utilising a revised gravity model linking connective infrastructure constructed under the auspices of the BRI with global trade in the 2010–22 period. The authors’ empirical analysis shows that BRI connective infrastructure projects are beneficial to both the export and import countries. After controlling for all other factors, the existence of connective infrastructure in the export country is associated with a 25% increase in its export value, with a significant reduction in the transport costs.
Evaluating CO
2
retention risk of geological sequestration sites: physical, time-scale, and site style considerations
Authors: Davis J. Steven , Jonk R. , Bohacs K. M.
Published: April 2024

With some exceptions, such as fluid phase, pressure evolution, and reservoir geometry, evaluation of CO
2
retention for geological sequestration sites primarily involves well-established seal and trap concepts and methods developed by the petroleum industry. Inputs to a CO
2
retention evaluation (e.g. bed seal capacity analysis) include CO
2
phase, CO
2
and brine density, reservoir pressure and temperature, rock properties, and stress state. The inputs are used to perform capillary and mechanical seal analyses similar to the petroleum industry, but unlike hydrocarbons, CO
2
retention also occurs within the reservoir pore volume by capillary and solubility trapping, adding additional requirement for analyses using reservoir engineering concepts and methodology. Reservoir geometry types for CO
2
storage include conventional traps (depleted hydrocarbon fields, brine-filled traps) and brine-filled reservoirs that lack a conventional trap geometry (e.g. a monocline). Each geometry style and project phase (injection, near-term post-injection, long-term static) requires different retention considerations, for example the CO
2
plume extent and height. Based on a retention evaluation, retention risk and uncertainty may be articulated using a qualitative risk matrix that facilitates early screening, identification of data needs, possible mitigating strategies, and comparisons across a portfolio of potential sites.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Geoscience workflows for CO
2
storage collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/geoscience-workflows-for-CO2-storage
Remark on Algorithm 1012: Computing Projections with Large Datasets
Authors: Chang Tyler H. , Watson Layne T. , Leyffer Sven , Lux Thomas C. H. , Almohri Hussain M. J.
Published: April 2024

In ACM TOMS Algorithm 1012, the
DELAUNAYSPARSE
software is given for performing Delaunay interpolation in medium to high dimensions. When extrapolating outside the convex hull of the training set,
DELAUNAYSPARSE
calls the nonnegative least squares solver
DWNNLS
to compute projections onto the convex hull. However,
DWNNLS
and many other available sum-of-squares optimization solvers were not intended for usage with many variable problems, which result from the large training sets that are typical in machine learning applications. Thus, a new
PROJECT
subroutine is given, based on the highly customizable quadratic program solver
BQPD
. This solution is shown to be as robust as
DELAUNAYSPARSE
for projection onto both synthetic and real-world datasets, where other available solvers frequently fail. Although it is intended as an update for
DELAUNAYSPARSE
, due to the difficulty and prevalence of the problem, this solution is likely to be of external interest as well.
The FKBP51s Splice Isoform Predicts Unfavorable Prognosis in Patients with Glioblastoma
Authors: Giordano Carolina , Marrone Laura , Romano Simona , Della Pepa Giuseppe Maria , Donzelli Carlo Maria , Tufano Martina , Capasso Mario , Lasorsa Vito Alessandro , Quintavalle Cristina , Guerri Giulia , Martucci Matia , Auricchio Annamaria , Gessi Marco , Sala Evis , Olivi Alessandro , Romano Maria Fiammetta , Gaudino Simona
Published: April 2024

The primary treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) is removing the tumor mass as defined by MRI. However, MRI has limited diagnostic and predictive value. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are abundant in GBM tumor microenvironment (TME) and are found in peripheral blood (PB). FKBP51 expression, with its canonical and spliced isoforms, is constitutive in immune cells and aberrant in GBM. Spliced FKBP51s supports M2 polarization. To find an immunologic signature that combined with MRI could advance in diagnosis, we immunophenotyped the macrophages of TME and PB from 37 patients with GBM using FKBP51s and classical M1-M2 markers. We also determined the tumor levels of FKBP51s, PD-L1, and HLA-DR. Tumors expressing FKBP51s showed an increase in various M2 phenotypes and regulatory T cells in PB, indicating immunosuppression. Tumors expressing FKBP51s also activated STAT3 and were associated with reduced survival. Correlative studies with MRI and tumor/macrophages cocultures allowed to interpret TAMs. Tumor volume correlated with M1 infiltration of TME. Cocultures with spheroids produced M1 polarization, suggesting that M1 macrophages may infiltrate alongside cancer stem cells. Cocultures of adherent cells developed the M2 phenotype CD163/FKBP51s expressing pSTAT6, a transcription factor enabling migration and invasion. In patients with recurrences, increased counts of CD163/FKBP51s monocyte/macrophages in PB correlated with callosal infiltration and were accompanied by a concomitant decrease in TME-infiltrating M1 macrophages. PB PD-L1/FKBP51s connoted necrotic tumors. In conclusion, FKBP51s identifies a GBM subtype that significantly impairs the immune system. Moreover, FKBP51s marks PB macrophages associated with MRI features of glioma malignancy that can aid in patient monitoring.

Significance:

Our research suggests that by combining imaging with analysis of monocyte/macrophage subsets in patients with GBM, we can enhance our understanding of the disease and assist in its treatment. We discovered a similarity in the macrophage composition between the TME and PB, and through association with imaging, we could interpret macrophages. In addition, we identified a predictive biomarker that drew more attention to immune suppression of patients with GBM.
Rilparencel (Renal Autologous Cell Therapy-REACT®) for Chronic Kidney Disease and Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Phase 2 Trial Design Evaluating Bilateral Kidney Dosing and Redosing Triggers
Authors: Stavas Joseph , Silva Arnold L. , Wooldridge Thomas D. , Aqeel Ahmed , Saad Theodore , Prakash Rachita , Bakris George
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Autologous cell-based therapies (CBT) to treat chronic kidney disease (CKD) with diabetes are novel and can potentially preserve renal function and decelerate disease progression. CBT dosing schedules are in early development and may benefit from individual bilateral organ dosing and kidney-dependent function to improve efficacy and durability. The objective of this open-label, phase 2 randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to evaluate participants’ responses to rilparencel (Renal Autologous Cell Therapy-REACT®) following bilateral percutaneous kidney injections into the kidney cortex with a prescribed dosing schedule versus redosing based on biomarker triggers. Methods: Eligible participants with type 1 or 2 diabetes and CKD, eGFR 20–50 mL/min/1.73 m2, urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) 30–5,000 mg/g, hemoglobin >10 g/dL, and glycosylated hemoglobin <10% were enrolled. After a percutaneous kidney biopsy and bioprocessing ex vivo expansion of selected renal cells, participants were randomized 1:1 into two cohorts determined by the dosing scheme. Cohort 1 receives 2 cell injections, one in each kidney 3 months apart, and cohort 2 receives one injection and the second dose only if there is a sustained eGFR decline of ≥20 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or UACR increase of ≥30% and ≥30 mg/g, confirmed by re-testing. Conclusion: The trial is fully enrolled with fifty-three participants. Cell injections and follow-up clinical visits are ongoing. This multicenter phase 2 RCT is designed to investigate the efficacy and safety of rilparencel with bilateral kidney dosing and compare two injection schedules with the potential of preserving or improving kidney function and delaying kidney disease progression among patients with stages 3a–4 CKD with diabetes.
Potential of Using qFibrosis Analysis to Predict Recurrent and Survival Outcome of Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Hepatic Resection
Authors: Hsiao Chih-Yang , Ren Yayun , Chng Elaine , Tai Dean , Huang Kai-Wen
Published: April 2024

Background: There remains a lack of studies addressing the stromal background and fibrosis features and their prognostic value in liver cancer. qFibrosis can identify, quantify, and visualize the fibrosis features in biopsy samples. In this study, we aim to demonstrate the prognostic value of histological features by using qFibrosis analysis in liver cancer patients. Methods: Liver specimens from 201 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent curative resection were imaged and assessed using qFibrosis system and generated a total of 33 and 156 collagen parameters from tumor part and non-tumor liver tissue, respectively. We used these collagen parameters on patients to build two combined indexes, RFS index and OS index, in order to differentiate patients with early recurrence and early death, respectively. The models were validated using the leave-one-out method. Results: Both combined indexes had significant prediction value for patients’ outcome. The RFS index of 0.52 well differentiates patients with early recurrence (p < 0.001), and the OS index of 0.73 well differentiates patients with early death during follow-up (p = 0.02). Conclusions: Combined index calculated with qFibrosis from a digital readout of the fibrotic status of peri-tumor liver specimen in patients with HCC has prediction values for their disease and survival outcomes. These results demonstrated the potential to transform histopathological features into quantifiable data that could be used to correlate with clinical outcome.
Archilestris Loew in the Americas, with the description of two new neotropical species (Diptera, Asilidae, Stenopogoninae)
Authors: Papavero N. , Bernardi Nelson
Published: April 2024

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Classificação da subfamília Hirmoneurinae (Diptera, Nemestrinidae)
Authors: Bernardi Nelson
Published: April 2024

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Comments on the ontogeny of Typhlonectes obesus, particularly its dentition and feeding
Authors: Wake Marvalee H.
Published: April 2024

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Studies on spiroboloid millipeds. XI. On the status of Spirobolus nattereri Humbert e Desaussure, 1870, and some species traditionally associated with it (Rhinocricidae)
Authors: Hoffman Richard L.
Published: April 2024

.
Resenha de: História do Bairro do Braz
Authors: Matos Odilon Nogueira de
Published: April 2024

TORRES (Maria Celestina Teixeira Mendes). — História do Bairro do Braz. Edição do Departamento de Cultura da Municipalidade de São Paulo. São Paulo. 1969. 252 pp.