bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deutungsmuster von Arbeitslosigkeit
Authors: Spreen Dominik , Vukoman Marina , G. Ullrich Carsten
Published: February 2024

Der Artikel befasst sich mit sozialen Deutungsmustern von Arbeitslosigkeit. Dazu werden die Ergebnisse eines Forschungsprojektes vorgestellt, das sich intensiv mit der Frage befasste, wie Arbeitslosigkeit und Arbeitslose (in Westdeutschland) wahrgenommen werden. Auf der Basis einer kontrastierenden Deutungsmusteranalyse konnten vier Typen sozial verbreiteter Deutungsmuster unterschieden und hinsichtlich ihrer Deutungs- und Bewertungslogiken rekonstruiert werden. Ein zentrales Ergebnis ist eine deutlich individualisierende und fatalisierende Sichtweise auf Arbeitslosigkeit und entsprechend der geringe Stellenwert, den strukturelle Deutungen einnehmen.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Authors: Park Sean
Published: February 2024

The dramatic increase in the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) in the Western health care setting has caused much debate. Critics of CAM therapies view research in this field to be scientifically unverified, and as such, not effective or safe to administer to patient populations. Proponents of CAM, however, argue that the evidence-based medicine model that conventional medicine uses focuses to heavily on the randomized controlled trial (RCT) as a source of evidence.
The Vitamin D Gamble
Authors: Webster Andrew L.H..
Published: February 2024

Studies have shown that most Canadians are deficient in Vitamin D3. In addition to its role in systemic calcium regulation, Vitamin D3 is also proposed to be integral to the suppression of cancer, as well as to the regulation of certain immune and endocrine components. Many experts are seriously concerned that Health Canada’s current Vitamin D3 dosage recommendations are inadequate to facilitate these mechanisms. A bitter debate on dosage has ensued—largely between researchers and regulatory bodies such as Health Canada and the US Institute of Medicine—leaving health practitioners caught in the middle with contradictory directives and information.
Childcare as Healthcare: Parents’ Perceptions of Enriched Early Childhood Experiences
Authors: DeLottinville Regina
Published: February 2024

Regina is a Registered Nurse and a recent graduate from the Bachelor of Science in Nursing Program. Her research project largely concerned social determinants of health, and more specifically, early childhood development. She has spent the past year exploring local parents’ perceptions and opinions about the importance of enriched early childhood experiences. The focus of this research was to describe health benefits of enriched early childhood development that may shape health behaviours later in life.
Solutions for the Speechless: New Directions in Post-Stroke Aphasia Treatment
Authors: Annibale Alexandra
Published: February 2024

An increasing number of Canadians will be affected by aphasia and other post-stroke communication disorders as the nation’s population continues to age. Recent studies have expressed concern in the face of this reality; the rehabilitative services being provided to post-stroke aphasia patients are often based on correlative evidence, and important quantitative benefits evoked from this form of therapy remain unclear. A new body of research is emerging, and is giving greater consideration to alternative forms of treatment for post-stroke aphasia—including novel therapy techniques and pharmacological interventions. Perhaps the findings of these studies will have an impact on the way Canada administers care to those suffering from this disorder.
Sex-selective Abortion: More than an Economic Issue
Authors: Wan Stephanie
Published: February 2024

The first ultrasound image of a fetus was published in the mid 1950s. Though this feat was a technical revolution because it incorporated sonar phenomena into the field of obstetrics, it was the image itself that resonated with individuals in and outside of the medical profession. For physicians, the development of the ultrasound allowed for prenatal detection of fetal abnormalities.For mothers, it provided a powerful visual to conceptualize the otherwise abstract physiological changes they were experiencing. No longer did the fetus’ health status depend on the mother’s account of her experience; the fetus became a patient in its own respect. Since then, a plethora of ethical questions have emerged, all of which center upon one basic question: should a fetus be considered a person? And if so, does a fetus have rights? So far, no simple answer has emerged. However, in countries where a dominant male preference exists, the lowering costs of ultrasound technology has led to ethical concerns over whether it is permissible to terminate a pregnancy on the basis of gender.
Cortical Thickness in Children of Parents Diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Oliver Corinne , Hanford Lindsay , Hall Geoffrey B.. , Sassi Roberto B..
Published: February 2024

Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with reduced cortical thickness in prefrontal and temporal cortical areas responsible for affect regulation. Children of parents diagnosed with bipolar disorder (high-risk (HR) offspring) are at risk of developing a psychiatric illness, and may have cortical abnormalities in affect regulating pathways prior to the onset of any psychiatric disorder. The current study is investigating cortical abnormalities in children at risk of developing bipolar disorder to better understand the developmental trajectories of psychopathology. Twenty-four HR bipolar offspring (average age = 13.7 (2.69) years, 12 females), and 9 age and sex matched healthy controls (HC) (average age = 12.9 (2.70) years, 5 females) were included in this study. Structural brain scans were administered and measures of cortical thickness were extracted and compared between the HR and HC offspring. HR offspring had significantly decreased cortical thickness in the left superior frontal gyrus, BA 6 (t=4.23 and t=3.57), the left posterior cingulate, BA 30 (t=3.49 and t=3.44) compared to HC offspring. Further analysis of subgroups of the HR population found additional areas of cortical abnormalities in the frontal and temporal cortex. The significant cortical differences found between HC children and HR bipolar offspring suggest that neurobiological markers of risk and resilience can be identified in children at risk of developing BD.
Dr. Eric Seidlitz: Valuable Lessons from the Unconventional
Authors: Makar Ameir , Syed Wasimuddin
Published: February 2024

Dr. Eric Seidlitz is a Researcher in the department of Pathology & Molecular Medicine at McMaster University. He has a diverse background, with a B.Sc in Zoology/Botany, a B.A. (first class Honours) degree in Physiological Psychology, a M.Sc. degree in Psychology/Electrophysiology, and a Ph.D. in Physiology and Pharmacology. After working for 8 years at the Sick Children Hospital in Toronto, he joined the Singh Lab at the Cancer Centre in Hamilton in 1998, where he started his research in bone metastasis. Aside from his research, he currently teaches the first year Cellular & Molecular Biology course in the Bachelor of Health Sciences program, alongside Dr. PK Rangachari.
Mark Brender: The Role of Partners in Health in Combatting the West African Ebola Epidemic
Authors: Sivarajah Vishalini , Bhatnagar Priyank , Cho Hannah , Shin Saeha
Published: February 2024

Partners in Health (PIH) is a not for profit international organization committed to providing global health equity that was founded in 1987 by Paul Farmer, Thomas White and Todd McCormack in Boston, Massachusetts. Recently, PIH has taken a major role in combatting the Ebola epidemic. As members of the McMaster chapter of PIH, we recently had the opportunity to speak with with Mark Brender, the director of PIH Canada, about PIH’s role in West Africa.
Circulating Tumour DNA: A Blood Test for Monitoring Cancer
Authors: Mansour Mark
Published: February 2024

DNA fragments found in blood plasma, known as circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), act novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. Through a simple blood draw, ctDNA allows for the genetic characterization of a patient’s cancer, which in turn can guide clinical decisions when prescribing a narrow spectrum chemotherapy drug. Current methods in cancer genotyping involve invasive biopsy resections which often compromise patient quality of life, are subject to issues regarding cell heterogeneity, make it difficult to detect secondary tumours, and often provide insufficient yields for genetic sequencing. Meanwhile, ctDNA allows clinicians and researchers alike to monitor the progression of a patient’s condition by prospectively collecting multiple blood samples. While not considered common clinical practice, ctDNA analysis has been successfully used to diagnose breast, gastric, colorectal, utero-ovarian, and lung cancers while clinical trials are currently being done for various others. Through ctDNA sequencing, clinicians are capable of characterizing a tumour in a non- invasive manner, consequently allowing them to deliver patient-specific cancer care.
Introduction
Authors: Meducator The
Published: February 2024

Introduction
Physician-Assisted Dying: A New Option In Canadian End of Life Care
Authors: Bobrowski David , Bhatia Faizan
Published: February 2024

Healthcare in Canada is undergoing a major transformation as patients obtain the right to request for and be granted physician-assisted dying (PAD).1 This legal reform represents a paradigm shift in Canada’s approach to end of life care. In February 2015, the Supreme Court of Canada (SCC) struck down laws that made it illegal for individuals to assist others in ending their own lives. The ruling on PAD has been held in suspension for 16 months to allow for amendments to health policy.2 The SCC’s ruling only applies to competent adults with persistent, intolerable suffering, who consent to ending their lives.1 In this article, we aim to coalesce several opinions on the implementation of PAD, highlight the challenges, and critically evaluate recommendations of several policy-influencing bodies.
Viewpoints: Politically Correct Language in Health Care
Authors: Mubasher Mobeen , Li Xinglin
Published: February 2024

Winning Pro and Con submissions for first MeduCombat contest
Over-the-Counter Statins
Authors: Abdelaal Ahmed , Ng Kelvin , Ou Kelsie
Published: February 2024

One in four Canadians over the age of 20 are at a significant risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Despite their proven efficacy as a lipid-loweing therapy for patients at risk, statins continue to be under-prescribed and underused. Proponents of over-the-counter statins argue that increased accessibility will improve usage and lighten the economic burden of cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, statins have proven to be clinically effective at low doses. Despite these potential benefits, statins should not be approved as over-the-counter drugs as they are accompanied by greater risks of misuse compared to prescription statins. Over-the-counter approval of statins would set precedence as the first approval of a drug made specifically for treating chronic diseases. This opens up the possibility for future prescriptions to be approved as over-the-counter drugs that will be accompanied with their unique benefits and inevitable risks.
The Virtual Reality of Our Healthcare System
Authors: Shaw Aakash , Ren Cathy
Published: February 2024

Healthcare is an ever-advancing field that adapts new technologies and techniques to provide the most efficient and appropriate care for patients. Today, virtual reality (VR) may be the start of a paradigm shift for a multitude of healthcare services. VR is being studied as a safe and early intervention for rehabilitation and as a non-pharmacological analgesic option for patients recovering from accidents or motor neuron diseases. VR devices can prepare patients for physiotherapy or occupational therapy, which could significantly enhance therapeutic efficiency. As an analgesic, VR could prove to be an excellent alternative to overused medications. VR is also being employed for medical training to provide more immersive opportunities for students to practice their medical skills. This article examines how VR can contribute to these sectors of healthcare, highlights its impeding factors, and evaluates its potential.
Dr. Matthew Miller
Authors: Deng Arlinda , Ding Avrilynn , Luo Owen
Published: February 2024

Dr. Matthew Miller is an assistant professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences at Mcmaster University, and principal investigator in The Institute for Infectious Diseases Research and The Mcmaster Immunology Research Centre. As a successful young scientist in the field of immunology, he is pushing the frontiers of biomedical discovery and has been recently awarded with the 2015-2016 CIHR new investigator award. Dr. Miller’s current research focuses on the interaction between viruses and the immune system as implicated in neurodegenerative disease and vaccine development.
Understanding Shock and Kill
Authors: Ge Sarah , Far Parsa Mehraban , Roshan Devin
Published: February 2024

The proviral latency of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a principal obstacle to curing the infection and halting disease pathogenesis. In fact, HIV infection remainsincurable due to a long-lived latent reservoir of HIV within the central nervous system (CNS), as well as the most impervious reservoir, CD4+ T cells. This review evaluates “shock and kill” therapy, an emerging curative strategy thattargets HIV reservoirs. The novel approach aims to “shock” latently infected cells by inducing HIV viral expression through latency reversing agents (LRA). Upon reactivation,the “kill” method refers to the termination of virus-infected cells by employing strategies involving HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. The potential benefits of purging immune cells ofHIV-infected individuals and limiting the size of the latent reservoir must be assessed to advance the “shock and kill” technique.
Medbulletin
Authors: Yu Sheila , Diatlov Daniel , Wade-Vallance Adam , Ng Kelvin
Published: February 2024

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Pathoprofile
Authors: Cui Edward , Liu Eva , Mohanraj Sylvia
Published: February 2024

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Contributors
Authors: Meducator The
Published: February 2024

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What is nursing & what is a nurse?
Authors: Hélène Janet
Published: February 2024

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Restraint use in an acute setting
Authors: Fu Wendy
Published: February 2024

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Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency and Developments In its Treatment
Authors: Meducator The , Patel Kashyap , Sikder Omaike , Hariharan Nikhil , Zhang Jeff
Published: February 2024

Pyruvate kinase (PK) is an enzyme involved in ATP production in the glycolytic pathway. PK deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder that manifests with hemolytic anemia of variable severity, partly due to an insufficiency of ATP production in erythrocytes. Its exact prevalence is unknown due to lack of awareness and challenges in making the diagnosis of PK deficiency. Current treatments for PK deficiency include blood transfusion and splenectomy, which focus on temporarily alleviating anemia and reducing hemolysis, respectively. Due to the rarity of this condition and its variable severity, a systematic treatment protocol for novel therapies is difficult to compile and validate. Oral administration of mitapivat, an allosteric activator of erythrocyte PK, is a novel treatment. Despite its promising effects on the hemoglobin levels in PK deficient patients, mitapivat’s efficacy and safety profiles must be determined through randomized controlled trials.
Necrotizing Fasciitis
Authors: Lynn Matthew , Tauqir Rida
Published: February 2024

Necrotizing fasciitis (NF), commonly known as flesh-eating disease, is a rare and life-threatening soft-tissue infection characterized by the rapid necrosis of subcutaneous tissue and fascia. There are four subtypes of NF, each classified based on the causative microorganism, with NF types I and II accounting for ~70-80% and ~20-30% of cases, respectively. Differing only in clinical manifestations and speed of pathogenesis, the pathophysiology of all types of NF is similar. Bacteria invades subcutaneous tissue, proliferates, and releases endotoxins and exotoxins, leading to expanding tissue necrosis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS), and death in 15-45% of cases.
Dr. Jonathan Ng
Authors: Chan Madeline , Sun Jeffrey
Published: February 2024

As a celebration of our 20th anniversary, we introduce you to Dr. Jonathan Ng, founder of The Meducator. As a Health Sciences student in 2002, Dr. Ng started The Meducator in hopes of giving undergraduate students the opportunity to be involved in academia. Two decades later, we bring Dr. Ng back to discuss his original visions for The Meducator, how it compares to where we are now, and how we hope The Meducator will continue to grow in the next 20 years. Dr. Ng is currently a family physician who provides primary healthcare to the Ottawa community. Let this interview be an opportunity for us to reconnect with our roots.
Rabies
Authors: Hong Angela , Kylas Anya
Published: February 2024

Rabies is a lethal zoonotic disease responsible for the deaths of 60,000 people annually. Rabies virus (RABV) is a lyssavirus prototype with a mortality rate of nearly 100% after symptom onset. Following an incubation period of 1-3 months after exposure, hosts develop encephalitis leading to two possible symptomatologies. A clinical presentation of RABV is encephalitic rabies, characterised by hydrophobia, agitation, and hypersalivation. Alternatively, RABV may also present as paralytic rabies, characterised by muscle weakness and paralysis. Both types eventually result in a comatose state followed by death. Despite mass vaccination campaigns in developing nations aiming to reduce infection across mammalian populations, the virus continues to gain prevalence in novel species and geographic areas, proving to be a threat of increasing magnitude.
Sounding the Alarm: The Code Red Project and Poverty’s Grip on Healthcare
Authors: Deng Florence , Nooristani Liza , Selvaganesh Aarani
Published: February 2024

Hamilton is a city of dichotomies. Its dense inner-city and sprawling suburbia constitute a unique microcosm of larger, global wealth inequalities. The entrenchment of poverty has rippling effects on healthcare access and outcomes both within Hamilton and globally, exacerbating discrepancies in the social determinants of health between high-income and low-income populations. Despite having universal healthcare, Canada inadequately addresses healthcare concerns in low-income and homeless populations nationwide and, notably, within Hamilton.
The Linguistic Relativity Theory and Benjamin Lee Whorf
Authors: McAfee Christina
Published: February 2024

Using sources, which address various theories of Linguistic Relativity - Rossi-Landi (1973), Penn (1972), Miller (1968), and Rollins (1980) – the unique aspects of these theories are explained. The intent of the paper is to expose Benjamin Lee Whorf not as the soul progenitor of the theory (that language culture and thought are interrelated), but as a reviser of centuries of scholarship. The theories of Hamann, Herder, Humboldt, Boas, and Sapir are examined and conclusions are made on their influences on and differences from the Whorfian Hypothesis.
Dialogue of Difference Speaking for the Other in Aboriginal Writing
Authors: Harris Carolyn
Published: February 2024

Nothing is entirely separate, for we also participate in those events, you and I, standing or sitting and thinking of those specific individuals and actions, those particles and waves, interacting with my consciousness, as these words interact with yours, and you in your turn impinge on the quality and intensity of my experi -ence, for my concern for you affects my care and approach to what I write. And in some similar fashion those others are constrained and influenced by our remote participation, their actions and attitudestouched [sic] and turned by my act of reiteration and your act of interpreta- tion. Such loops are the links in a chain that binds the universe, even as it flies apart.
- Lionel Kearns, Convergences
New Cultural Structures: South Asian Matrimonial Websites
Authors: Shako Sandeep
Published: February 2024

The trend towards globalization has been under intense observation for a lengthy period and there remain to be new statistics and studies about this phenomenon released daily. Theorists and researchers alike have attempted to not only define the term, but also to determine the consequences of this trend upon all spheres for human social life. The effects of globalization appear to have a wide reach and more recently the general public have also become more familiar with the term, using it as a framework to understand new more global experiences in their lives. Globalization broadly refers to “the growth and acceleration of cultural networks which operate on a worldwide scale and basis” (O’Sullivan, 1994), resulting in “a convergence of lifestyles and ways of viewing the world seems to be underway” (Taras, 2001), this indicates that global citizens are coming to hold similar values to one another.
From Bracelets to Blowjobs: The Ideological Representation of Childhood Sexuality in the Media
Authors: Weaver Sonja
Published: February 2024

As the theme of sexuality becomes increasingly present in all forms of modern media, aspects of social life become inexorably affected by its incidence. There are a number of issues involving this trend, yet few are more widely debated than those surrounding sexuality and children. The relationship will be examined between childhood sexuality, the media and public opinion, particularly in light of the recent sex bracelet phenomenon that swept through North American elementary schools last year. The strong and foreboding reaction from a variety of media sources and the consequent moral panic within both school systems and households serve to exemplify the potentially misleading relationship between representation and interpretation.
Regarding the subject of childhood sexuality and its media depiction, it will be argued that the often flawed representation of the delicate and complex matter of sexuality by the mass media is often more dangerous than the phenomenon that it serves to represent. By examining the social aspects of childhood sexuality, it will be postulated that over- sensationalized and mediated reactions to adolescents’ sexual innuendo games severely detract from far more potent social problems, as the fundamental causes of abnormal childhood sexuality are largely ignored.
need for universal hepatitis C screening in incarcerated populations
Authors: Zhou James
Published: February 2024

Hepatitis C carries a large burden of disease in Canada. Barriers to care, especially in the incarcerated population, may impede effective treatment and the achievement of targets for disease eradication. Access to universal screening in incarcerated populations could support engagement in the care cascade, and local studies around prevalence and screening efficacy could be used to justify and inform screening programs. A focus on incarcerated populations is an important step toward HCV eradication and ensuring equitable healthcare for all. This article will discuss the HCV care cascade, the unique burden of HCV in correctional facilities, and provide an argument in support of universal screening in incarcerated populations.
COVID-19: A review on the inflammatory profile of SARS-CoV-2 and the asymptomatic state
Authors: Bakshi Devyani , Moorehead Amy , Akhabir Loubna , Putman David , Kennedy Allison , Bowdish Dawn , Denburg Judah
Published: February 2024

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has caused significant death, disease burden, and panic worldwide. Several studies have determined that COVID-19 is associated with an exaggerated cytokine storm. SARS-CoV-2 induces proliferation of pro-inflammatory cytokines that results in vascular damage, hypercoagulation, and ultimately respiratory distress. This review presents a detailed and comprehensive look into the inflammatory profile of SARS-CoV-2 on the pulmonary epithelium and discusses immune regulation in the asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic state. Understanding the immunological profile of SARS-CoV-2 is vital to early detection and diagnosis of infected patients. A comprehensive understanding of the SARS-CoV-2 host response may also assist in the development and discovery of therapeutic and preventative agents in the near future.
Apresentação
Authors: Balanzategui Daniela
Published: February 2024

Apresentação do dossiê Arqueologías y Antropologías Afrolatinoamericanas para la Re-existencia
La huella invisibilizada, la participación de los afrodescendientes en las guerras de independencia
Authors: Pabón Chalá Iván
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo evidenciar la participación de los afrodescendientes en

la conquista, en la fundación de algunas villas y ciudades, en las guerras civiles y en la indepen

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dencia del actual Ecuador. Hechos que las generaciones presentes los desconocen porque en la

escuela no se enseña a los niños debido a que no han sido incorporados en la historia oficial de

nuestro país. Su participación es una huella innegable y la vez invisibilizada, es una deuda que

todavía mantienen no solo los historiadores y gobiernos de Ecuador sino de Latinoamérica. Los

hallazgos muestran que los afrodescendientes llegaron, indiscutiblemente, con los conquistado

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res y que su participación en los acontecimientos indicados fue decisiva.
Registro fotográfico das práticas cerâmicas na comunidade das Paneleiras de Goiabeiras em Vitória – ES
Authors: Rúbia de Almeida Silva
Published: February 2024

O presente ensaio visual é resultado da minha pesquisa de dissertação de mestrado intitulada “A

persistência de práticas cerâmicas do período pré-colonial ao presente: a Cadeia Operatória das

panelas de barro de Goiabeiras em Vitória – ES” (SILVA, 2023). Os registros otográficos apresenta

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dos foram feitos nos locais utilizados pelas Paneleiras para confecção dos vasilhames cerâmicos

de Goiabeiras. Há uma longa trajetória de práticas cerâmicas na região que remete às interações

indígenas, africanas e europeias por cinco séculos. São relações que deixaram suas marcas nos

processos de apropriação e transformação que definiram a Cerâmica de Goiabeiras.
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: Results from Pooled Cohort Studies and Mendelian Randomization Analysis
Authors: Song Qiyuan , Shang Luxiang , Zhang Yujiao , Cui Yansong , Du Juanjuan , Hou Yinglong
Published: February 2024

Observational research has indicated that individuals diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an elevated likelihood of developing atrial fibrillation (AF). Herein, we performed meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the correlation and potential causal relationship between RA and AF. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for cohort studies comparing AF risk among participants with and without RA. Quantitative synthesis of the adjusted risk ratio (RR) or hazard ratio was performed with the random-effects model. RA and AF were studied with two-sample MR analysis with the random-effects inverse variance weighted method. Patients with RA had a higher risk of AF than participants without RA [RR = 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23–1.43, P < 0.0001]. Genetically predicted RA was not associated with a significantly elevated risk of AF (odds ratio = 1.009, 95% CI: 0.986–1.032, P = 0.449). After adjustment for confounding factors in multifactorial MR, RA and AF still showed no correlation. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results, thus indicating the robustness of the causal association. Overall, RA was associated with elevated risk of AF in our meta-analysis. However, genetically predicted RA may not be causal.
Threat Expectation Does Not Improve Perceptual Discrimination despite Causing Heightened Priority Processing in the Frontoparietal Network
Authors: Haddara Nadia , Rahnev Dobromir
Published: February 2024

Threat cues have been widely shown to elicit increased sensory and attentional neural processing. However, whether this enhanced recruitment leads to measurable behavioral improvements in perception is still in question. Here, we adjudicate between two opposing theories: that threat cues do or do not enhance perceptual sensitivity. We created threat stimuli by pairing one direction of motion in a random dot kinematogram with an aversive sound. While in the MRI scanner, 46 subjects (both men and women) completed a cued (threat/safe/neutral) perceptual decision-making task where they indicated the perceived motion direction of each moving dot stimulus. We found strong evidence that threat cues did not increase perceptual sensitivity compared with safe and neutral cues. This lack of improvement in perceptual decision-making ability occurred despite the threat cue resulting in widespread increases in frontoparietal BOLD activity, as well as increased connectivity between the right insula and the frontoparietal network. These results call into question the intuitive claim that expectation automatically enhances our perception of threat and highlight the role of the frontoparietal network in prioritizing the processing of threat-related environmental cues.
Astrocytes Are the Source of TNF Mediating Homeostatic Synaptic Plasticity
Authors: Heir Renu , Abbasi Zahra , Komal Pragya , Altimimi Haider F. , Franquin Marie , Moschou Dionysia , Chambon Julien , Stellwagen David
Published: February 2024

Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF) mediates homeostatic synaptic plasticity (HSP) in response to chronic activity blockade, and prior work has established that it is released from glia. Here we demonstrate that astrocytes are the necessary source of TNF during HSP. Hippocampal cultures from rats of both sexes depleted of microglia still will increase TNF levels following activity deprivation and still express TTX-driven HSP. Slice cultures from mice of either sex with a conditional deletion of TNF from microglia also express HSP, but critically, slice cultures with a conditional deletion of TNF from astrocytes do not. In astrocytes, glutamate signaling is sufficient to reduce NFκB signaling and TNF mRNA levels. Further, chronic TTX treatment increases TNF in an NFκB-dependent manner, although NFκB signaling is dispensable for the neuronal response to TTX-driven HSP. Thus, astrocytes can sense neuronal activity through glutamate spillover and increase TNF production when activity falls, to drive HSP through the production of TNF.
ФОРМИ І МЕТОДИ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ ПРАВА
Authors: ЛУЦАН ЮРІЙ
Published: February 2024

У статті розкрито актуальні проблеми професійної підготовки майбутніх викладачів права. Доведено, що вивчення форм і методів професійної підготовки позитивно впливає на розвиток особистості як фахівця. Окреслено пошуки шляхів оптимізації даного процесу, мета якого подолати розрив, який виникає між науково-теоретичними знаннями і досвідом педагогічної діяльності викладача, створити умови для взаємодії педагогічної науки і практики і, мабуть, найголовніше - ініціювати у викладачів права внутрішні механізми їх особистісно-професійного розвитку.

Автором наголошується, що важливою формою у процесі підготовки майбутніх викладачів права є використання інноваційних методів навчання, що дає можливість бачити реальні об’єкти навчальної дисципліни.

Описано, що пріоритетним напрямом реформування освітнього процесу з підготовки кваліфікованих викладачів права є використання інноваційних технологій, творчого пошуку нових чи вдосконалених концепцій, принципів, підходів до їх освіти, суттєвих змін у змісті, формах і методах навчання, організації та управління розвитком освітнього процесу.
ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ОСВІТНІХ ІННОВАЦІЙ ЯК ЗАСІБ САМОРЕАЛІЗАЦІЇ ПЕДАГОГА У ПРОФЕСІЙНІЙ РОБОТІ
Authors: МАРИНОВСЬКА ОКСАНА
Published: February 2024

У статті розкрито зміст базових понять теми “освітня інновація”, “професійна самореалізація” та похідних від них; презентовано результати моніторингу/скріну-2023 використання освітніх інновацій педагогічними працівниками області; розкрито сутнісні ознаки самореалізації педагога у професійній роботі засобами інновацій.
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ПСИХОЛОГО ПЕДАГОГІЧНОГО СУПРОВОДУ ОСВІТНЬОГО ПРОЦЕСУ В УМОВАХ ЗМІШАНОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: КОНДУР ОКСАНА , ДІДУХ ІРИНА , КИРСТА НАТАЛІЯ
Published: February 2024

У статті проаналізовано позитивні сторони і недоліки системи змішаного навчання, переваги над дистанційною формою. Описано різні моделі реалізації такої системи та передумови їх впровадження. Систематизовано стратегії викладання в умовах змішаного навчання: візуалізація, кооперативне навчання, диференціація, управління поведінкою.

Ефективність змішаної форми залежить від рівня сформованості інформаційної компетентності учасників освітнього процесу.

Продуктивність такої інноваційної форми організації освітнього процесу посилюється завдяки застосуванню інтегративних моделей, серед яких важливе місце посідає психолого-педагогічний супровід як інтегративна технологія педагогічної підтримки і психологічної допомоги здобувачам освіти.
ВПЛИВ ТВОРІВ САКРАЛЬНОГО МИСТЕЦТВА НА ВИХОВАННЯ МОЛОДІ
Authors: КОЗІНЧУК ВІТАЛІЙ , КОТИК ТАРАС
Published: February 2024

У статті висвітлено основні аспекти впливу творів сакрального мистецтва на формування та виховання молоді, а також на утвердження національних ідей і виокремлення постатей, які відіграють вагому роль у процесі здобуття та збереження незалежності. Проаналізовано основні фактори впливу, серед яких виокремлено такі три: формування образу осіб, приналежних до національної історії; формування національної культури та ідентичності на основі інкультурованих ікон; відображення на іконах чи інших творах, пов’язаних із сакральним мистецтвом, подій, які безпосередньо стосуються сьогодення. Також виокремлено роль епітафій на могилах військових у формуванні особистісного та загального героїзму воїнів.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ ПЕДАГОГА ЗАКЛАДУ ДОШКІЛЬНОЇ ОСВІТИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ
Authors: МАЛКОВИЧ МИРОСЛАВА
Published: February 2024

У статті описано актуальні  психологічні якості вихователя закладу дошкільної освіти в умовах війни. Уточнено й охарактеризовано ключові характеристики педагога ЗДО щодо виконання професійних функцій  в умовах війни – стресо- та емоційна стійкість, адаптивність, ресурсність. Розкрито фактори, що допомагають долати стрес, конструктивно вибудовувати власну  ефективну особистісно- професійну  траєкторію.  Виокремлено ресурси, які допомагають педагогам з дошкільної освіти адаптуватися до складних умов, однією з яких є військовий стан у країні. Надано психологічні рекомендації щодо  розвитку  в педагогів ЗДО стресостійкості,  емоційної стійкості, гнучкості, адаптивності.
ФОРМУВАННЯ РЕФЛЕКСИВНОЇ КУЛЬТУРИМАЙБУТНІХ УЧИТЕЛІВ ПОЧАТКОВИХ КЛАСІВ У ЗАКЛАДАХ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: ЦЮНЯК ОКСАНА
Published: February 2024

У статті здійснено аналіз наукових праць учених, котрі актуалізують проблему формування рефлексивної культури майбутніх учителів початкових класів у закладах вищої освіти, та нормативно-правової бази України. Зокрема, розкрито сутність понять «рефлексія», «культура», «рефлексивна культура», «формування рефлексивної культури майбутніх учителів початкових класів».

З’ясовано, що рефлексивна культура майбутніх учителів початкових класів − інтегральне багаторівневе динамічне особистісне утворення, структура якого включає такі складові, як: система ціннісних орієнтацій, моральних норм; уміння психологічно грамотно виходити з важких педагогічних ситуацій і будувати взаємини з колегами, батьками, дітьми; прагнення до самопізнання, самовдосконалення; усвідомлення необхідності пошуку особистого сенсу життя.

Вважаємо, що формування рефлексивної культури майбутніх учителів початкових класів відбувається у навчально-педагогічній діяльності, зокрема, це досвід власної діяльності; здатність до самоспостереження; спрямованість на самопізнання власних можливостей і здібностей; усвідомлення себе як суб'єкта навчальної діяльності; наявність адекватної самооцінки, усвідомлення ставлення інших, оцінки іншими її результатів; відповідність змісту діяльності студентів поставленим завданням, причин успіхів і невдач, помилок і труднощів у ході розв’язання навчально-педагогічних задач.
ПОНЯТІЙНО-КАТЕГОРІАЛЬНИЙ АПАРАТ РОЗВИТКУ ФАХОВОЇ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ МАГІСТРІВ-ОЛІГОФРЕНОПЕДАГОГІВ У СИСТЕМІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ
Authors: КАПУСТІНА ОЛЕНА
Published: February 2024

У статті обґрунтовано необхідність підготовки компетентних конкурентоспроможних фахівців у закладі вищої освіти. Наголошено на важливості розвитку фахової компетентності з огляду на потребу нашої країни в педагогах з високою мотивацією до підвищення рівня освіти України, тенденції до збільшення інклюзивних класів, запит сучасного суспільства на надання якісної психолого-педагогічної допомоги дітям з особливими освітніми потребам, зокрема з порушеннями інтелектуального розвитку. З метою здійснення глибинного вивчення зазначеного явища вирішено сформулювати понятійно-категоріальний апарат.
The Effect of Machine Conditions and Furnish Properties on Paper CD Shrinkage Profile
Authors:   School of Materials, University of Manchester, Constantino Raimundo P. A. , I’Anson Steve J. ,   School of Materials, University of Manchester, Sampson William W. ,   School of Materials, University of Manchester
Published: February 2024

All conventional paper machines exhibit a profile of cross-machine direction (CD) shrinkage which is developed during the drying stage of production. This paper suggests a new approach to the understanding of these profiles by suggesting that CD shrinkage at a point in the paper depends on the distance of that point from both edges of the sheet and also on the length of the unsupported draws in the dryer section. The nature of the function is unimportant as long as it can be made to fit data for one combination of machine width and effective draw length; substituting other values will then change the shape appropriately. In this paper, a simple exponential decay of shrinkage with distance from the edge is used successfully. This approach is initially demonstrated for laboratory results from the literature, where it successfully predicts changes produced by varying the length, width and by reversing the MD/CD orientation of samples. It is then shown to be consistent for changes of paper machine furnish, press section draw and sheet grammage produced in a series of trials on M-real, New Thames PM6. It is finally shown that theses ideas explain the effect on CD shrinkage results from the literature for splitting the sheet at the press section of a newsprint machine and for reduction of dryer section restraint by deactivation of the blow-boxes.
Review: Winding and Unwinding Webs: A Review of the State of the Science in 2005
Authors:   Oklahoma State University, USA, Good J. K.
Published: February 2024

A web is a material whose length is much in excess of the width and the width is much larger than the thickness. Various grades of paper, plastic films, metal foils and laminates can all be broadly categorized as webs. Web media are often stored for periods of time in the form of a wound roll. This form of storage is chosen because it is simply the most convenient and often the only form for storing vast lengths of web with minimal damage and loss. Winding can damage the web and has become a topic which has received considerable attention in the literature. Amongst operations in a web process line, the winder and the unwinder are often sites at which web defects appear that may result in a loss of quality or may lead to a break or burst of the web resulting in lost productivity. The purpose of this paper is to review the state of the science of winding and unwinding rolls. The threads of pertinent information in the literature focus on: the stresses that are wound into rolls, how those stresses are affected by the type of winder employed, how those stresses vary during roll storage, how the stresses predicted by models can be used to predict wound roll defects, and finally the measurements that are available to verify modeling efforts or help solve production problems. Each thread will be examined in this review from the perspective of what references exist but also giving enough detail that an appreciation for the significance of a topic can be developed.
Radial Distribution of the Pressure in an Industrial Refiner
Authors:   Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Papetiers, UMR 5518 au CNRS/INPG, Ecole Française de Papeterie et des Industries Graphiques, 461, rue de la Papeterie, BP 65-38402 Saint-Martin d’Hères Cedex – FRANCE, Roux Jean-Claude , Joris Georges ,   MATECH-EUROPE, 30 rue du Gouvernement Provisoire, 1000 Brussels–BELGIUM
Published: February 2024

This paper will consider the low consistency refining kinetics of a pulp suspension at a given level of applied specific energy. The mechanical treatment on fibres caught in the confined zones of gap clearance (bar crossings) reveals some heterogeneity. It can be experimentally verified that the physical effects on fibres are not the same whether the confined zones are close to the internal radius (input side) or close to the external radius (output side). One must also account for the dynamic sliding motion of the confined zones through the rotation of the rotor plate (or cone) in front of the stator. Hence, each bar crossing has its own sliding velocity. In order to predict the radial variability of the cutting effect on fibres, through engineering parameters that can be easily determined (radial coordinate; angular velocity; width of bars, width of grooves, average bar angle, both for rotor and stator patterns), a theoretical understanding of the radial distribution of the pressure must be undertaken. The pressure is locally applied on the pulp pads in confined zones of the gap clearance. The best homogeneous results are obtained either with a cylindrical or a conical refiner where the bars are parallel to the rotation axis. The degree of variability on the cutting effect on fibres is increased with an increase of the bar inclination versus the radial direction and a decrease of the ratio between the internal and external radius.
Use of Digital Image Correlation to Study the Local Deformation Field of Paper and Paperboard
Authors:   USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, Considine J. M. , Scott C. T. ,   USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, Gleisner R. ,   USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin, Zhu J. Y. ,   USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Wisconsin
Published: February 2024

Digital image correlation was used to measure the full-field deformation of paperboard and handsheet tensile specimens. The correlation technique was able to accurately measure strain in regions 0.6 by 0.6 mm. Results showed the variation of strain to be much larger than has been previously reported. For machine-made paperboard tested in the cross-direction, the variation of strain increased throughout the tensile test and became erratic near failure, indicating many local failures. The measured strain distribution can be characterized by a Weibull function in agreement with weak-link failure theories. The analysis of a handsheet tensile specimen with a low-grammage region, approximately 4mm wide, showed large negative strains near the region’s edge.
Peeling Pressure Sensitive Tape from Paper
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L7, Zhao Boxin , Pelton Robert ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L7, Bartzoka Vasiliki ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L7
Published: February 2024

The ability of adhesives to bond paper and paperboard is critical for most packaging and converting operations. Despite the huge body of literature describing both paper and adhesives technologies, there are only a few research papers describing paper/adhesive interactions. Described herein are the results of a systematic investigation of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) peeling from paper. The peel force versus peel distance curve depends upon the failure mode. A constant force is observed when the PSA cleanly separates from paper (i.e. interfacial failure) at low peel rate. By contrast, at high peeling rates, in the paper failure domain, the peel force climbs to a maximum and then relaxes to a steady-state value. The maximum peel force, which we call the peak force, corresponds to the fracture of the top layer of fibres during the initiation of paper delamination whereas the steady-state peel force occurs during the propagation of paper delamination. To characterize the range of behaviors it is necessary to conduct a series of peeling experiments over an extended range of peel rates. The results are best analyzed by plotting the peak peel force versus the peel rate on logarithmic axes giving what we call a peel map. For a broad range of tape/paper combinations, peel maps have similar shapes. The interfacial failure domain consists of a linear segment with a positive slope. This line intersects with a horizontal line segment at higher peel rates, corresponding to the paper failure domain. Principal component analysis, a multivariate statistical analysis, of a large set of peel maps was used to reveal the influence of paper properties on peeling. The peak peel forces in the paper failure domain correlated with standard paper properties linked to z-directional strength. The slopes of the peel maps in the interfacial domain were independent of paper properties but were sensitive to adhesive rheology. The absolute location of the interfacial segment of the peel map mainly was sensitive to the chemical composition of the paper surface and secondarily related to surface roughness. Water contact angles on paper were not good predictors of adhesion. Finally, we illustrate the utility of peak peel force in the paper failure domain as a measure of paper surface strength.
Comparative analysis of classical and stochastic Maccari system of nonlinear equations
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Sajid , Inc Mustafa , Sohail Saba , Raheem Adil , Hussain Shabbir , Mahmoud Emad E.
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the exact solutions of classical and stochastic Maccari system is constructed. The exact comparative solutions are examined and plotted. Interesting results in the case of multiplicative noise are formulated and graphically elaborated. The applications of the stochastic Maccari system are added for the physical purpose. The existence of results for the real part of underlying system are discussed first time for a priori estimates. The perturbations, which disturbed the formation of Langmuir waves, are geometrically expressed in this article. Due to the presence of multiplicative noise term, our system brings a real flavor to the dynamics of the problem.