bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rock-magnetic properties of the Cretaceous/Tertiary Micara Formation in the Guantánamo area, eastern Cuba
Authors: Urrutia-Fucugauchi J. , Pérez-Lazo J. , M. Fundora M. , M. Espíndola J.
Published: May 2021

Se presentan los resultados iniciales del estudio de propiedades magnéticas de la sección sedimentaria Calabazas, de 35 m de espesor de la Formación Micara, expuesta en el occidente de Cuba. Estudios anteriores de la Formación Micara interpretaron la ocurrencia del límite Cretácico/Terciario (K/T) dentro de la secuencia sedimentaria, con base en evidencia del análisis de los foraminíferos planctónicos y correlaciones laterales entre afloramientos. El límite K/T en las secciones carbonatadas en Gubbio, Italia y Caravaca, España se caracteriza por una anomalía magnética asociada a un enriquecimiento de óxidos de hierro (magnetita), en adición a la anomalía de iridio. El estudio de propiedades magnéticas en la sección Calabazas permite la documentación de tres horizontes caracterizados por incrementos en la abundancia de minerales magnéticos localizados a los 4, 12 y 20 m sobre la base de la secuencia. El horizonte de 4 m se caracteriza por valores de susceptibilidad magnética de cerca de 90 x 10-5 SI, mientras que el resto de la sección tiene valores del orden de 20 x 10-5 SI. Las intensidades de NRM e IRM son de cerca de 7 mA/m y 7 A/m. El horizonte de 12 m se caracteriza por intensidades de NRM e IRM de 14 mA/m y 22 A/m, respectivamente, mientras que el horizonte de 20 m presenta valores del orden de 16 mA/m y 3 A/m, respectivamente. La anomalía magnética a los 4 m corresponde a la concentración mayor de minerales magnéticos, indicada por los valores altos de susceptibilidad magnética y posiblemente está relacionada a magnetitas de grano fino con comportamiento de dominio pseudo-sencillo. Esta anomalía magnética sin embargo presenta un rango estratigráfico amplio en comparación con otras secciones K/T, lo que sugiere otras interpretaciones en términos de cambios en la abundancia y tipo de minerales magnéticos. La interpretación preferida es en términos de fluctuaciones en el contenido relativo de minerales producto de los procesos de erosión y que la sección corresponde al Paleoceno y no incluye al límite K/T dentro del intervalo estudiado.
Comparison of measured and simulated pressure and temperature profiles in geothermal wells
Authors: Aragon A. , García A. , Baca A. , Gonzalez E.
Published: May 2021

La correcta aplicación de los simuladores de flujo en pozos geotérmicos representa una herramienta útil para la práctica de la Ingeniería de Yacimientos ya que su apropiada calibración y uso a menudo evita la necesidad de correr costosos registros experimentales PTQ dentro de los pozos geotérmicos. En este sentido, se emplearon dos simuladores existentes de flujo en pozos, GEOPOZO Y WELFLO, para obtener perfiles de presión y temperatura, y estos resultados se compararon con perfiles PT medidos en el pozo Az-19 del campo geotérmico de los Azufres, México. Los perfiles PT experimentales se corrieron empleando un equipo electrónico de alta precisión. La comparación entre los perfiles PT experimentales y los obtenidos por simulación muestran que la desviación máxima es de 3.2 % y corresponde al perfil de presión obtenido con el simulador WELFLO.
Distribution of (mb - Ms) of moderate earthquakes along the Mexican seismic zone
Authors: Zobin Vyacheslav M.
Published: May 2021

Se estudia la distribución espacial de los valores mb-Ms para 55 sismos en el periodo de 1978 a 1994, con profundidades focales de 0 a 80 km, mb de 4.5 a 5.5, ocurridos a lo largo de la Trinchera Mesoamericana entre 95° y 107°W. Los valores mb-Ms tienen una distribución bimodal, con picos en 0.3 y 0.8 y mínimo en mb-Ms=0.6. Los eventos del primer grupo, con mb-Ms<0.6, se distribuyeron a lo largo de la trinchera en toda la región, comprendida por los bloques Michoacán, Guerrero y Oaxaca; la mayoría de los eventos del segundo grupo, con mb-Msâ‰¥0.6, se encontraron en la parte central de la región en el bloque de Guerrero. Estos datos muestran que la litosfera del bloque de Oaxaca está relativamente homogénea y genera los eventos de baja frecuencia, pero la litosfera del bloque de Guerrero está más compleja y produce los eventos de alta y baja frecuencia.
Modelling deep-seated slope failures in semi-arid southern Spain
Authors: Alcántara Ayala Irasema
Published: May 2021

Diversas investigaciones se han centrado en el estudio de los factores que controlan los deslizamientos superficiales y aquellos asentados a profundidad. Los deslizamientos superficiales han sido analizados con base en diferentes técnicas de mapeo, monitoreo y modelaje, etc., mientras que el principal objetivo de los estudios de deslizamientos asentados a profundidad está en relación con los mecanismos de movimiento y con los factores que afectan los cambios de niveles freáticos, y por lo tanto afectan la estabilidad de las laderas. Los deslizamientos a profundidad están controlados por las propiedades de los materiales, los rasgos geológicos y las condiciones hidrológicas. En regiones mediterráneas de clima semiárido, como en las Alpujarras (sureste de España), donde la presente investigación fue desarrollada, estos factores tienen gran importancia. Debido a la presencia de eventos extraordinarios de precipitación, comunes en este tipo de ambientes, los cambios en las condiciones hidrológicas juegan un papel trascendental en la ocurrencia de este tipo de deslizamientos. Dado lo anterior, el objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar los posibles escenarios en los cuales se pueden llevar a cabo este tipo de fenómenos. La metodología utilizada considera la combinación de tres diferentes modelos que han sido calibrados con datos de campo, los cuales se aplicaron en forma de un análisis en cascada. Diferentes series de datos de precipitación fueron utilizadas como base para el modelo de percolación del suelo, el cual permitió obtener los datos necesarios para establecer el modelo de infiltración, cuyos resultados fueron finalmente incorporados en el análisis de estabilidad de laderas. Los resultados del modelaje indican que existe la posibilidad de que haya grandes fluctuaciones en los niveles freáticos, lo cual afectaría la estabilidad de las laderas. Estas fluctuaciones ocurrirían si los valores de percolación fueran 20% del valor medio de la precipitación. La presencia de eventos extraordinarios, un cambio en las condiciones climáticas y/o en la cubierta vegetal, darían lugar a un incremento en los valores de percolación, y por ende tendría repercusión en la inestabilidad de las laderas.
Influence of solar activity on the cyclic variations of precipitation in the Baltic region
Authors: Pérez-Peraza J. , Leyva-Contreras A. , Valdéz-Barrón M. , Bravo-Cabrera J. L. , Libin I. Ya. , Jaani A.
Published: May 2021

En el presente trabajo se analiza la influencia de la actividad solar en la precipitación pluvial, a partir de series de tiempo de Lituania (1910-1993) y Estonia (1866-1993) y utilizando datos del área de las manchas solares (1866-1993). Por medio de métodos espectrales y autoregresivos, se obtienen ciclos significativos en los procesos solares y terrestres con períodos de 6 y 12 meses y de 2.5 y 11 años. El análisis de las series anuales de precipitación de Estonia y de la superficie de las manchas solares revela cambios en el ciclo de 11 años, cuyo período se muestra reducido a 9 años entre 1915 y 1956; se observa también una oscilación con período de 5 años en las últimas seis décadas. Los co-espectros de los procesos solares y climáticos coinciden con los de otros trabajos y indican la naturaleza común de todos los ciclos y la influencia de la actividad solar en la variabilidad climática. En el presente trabajo se analiza la influencia de la actividad solar en la precipitación pluvial, a partir de series de tiempo deLituania (1910-1993) y Estonia (1866-1993) y utilizando datos del área de las manchas solares (1866-1993). Por medio de métodosespectrales y autoregresivos, se obtienen ciclos significativos en los procesos solares y terrestres con períodos de 6 y 12 meses yde 2.5 y 11 años. El análisis de las series anuales de precipitación de Estonia y de la superficie de las manchas solares revelacambios en el ciclo de 11 años, cuyo período se muestra reducido a 9 años entre 1915 y 1956; se observa también una oscilacióncon período de 5 años en las últimas seis décadas. Los co-espectros de los procesos solares y climáticos coinciden con los de otrostrabajos y indican la naturaleza común de todos los ciclos y la influencia de la actividad solar en la variabilidad climática.
Structure of the southern Jalisco subduction zone, Mexico, as inferred from gravity and seismicity
Authors: W. Bandy , Kostoglodov V. , Hurtado-Díaz A. , Mena M.
Published: May 2021

Un modelo característico de la estructura geológica de la zona de subducción de Jalisco (JSZ) es determinado por la comparación de las anomalías gravimétricas a lo largo de un perfil perpendicular a la costa de Jalisco cerca de Barra de Navidad con la anomalía calculada de una sección geológica transversal restringida por datos de sismicidad. El espesor de la corteza continental del bloque de Jalisco es en promedio ~38 km, y aumenta gradualmente hacia el este hasta un espesor máximo de 44 km. La densidad de la parte superior de la litosfera en subducción aumenta a una profundidad de ~30 km, reflejando quizá una transición de fase de basalto a eclogita como se ha propuesto para la zona de subducción de Chile. El manto superior al oeste de la trinchera muestra densidades menores relativamente al resto del manto superior. Esta zona de baja densidad es más gruesa cerca de la Cordillera del Pacífico Este (EPR) y disminuye hacia el este en direccíon de la Trinchera Mesoamericana, y esto puede reflejar una zona extensa de magma emplazada a lo largo del EPR, similar a la observada en el EPR a los 16°S.
The Torvizcón, Spain, landslide of February 1996: the role of lithology in a semi-arid climate
Authors: Alcántara-Ayala Irasema
Published: May 2021

En este trabajo se presenta un análisis de deslizamientos superficiales en terrenos metamórficos bajo condiciones de semiaridez en las Alpujarras, España. Los extensos afloramientos de filitas y de micaesquistos son factores claves para el entendimiento de este tipo de procesos de ladera en esta región. La esquistosidad ofrece planos de debilidad, por los cuales el agua puede penetrar y fragmentar la roca. Eventos de precipitación extremos causaron daños a la infraestructura local y regional, incrementando la probabilidad de que se desarrollen desastres naturales. A partir de la prueba directa de resistencia al esfuerzo cortante se presenta un análisis retrospectivo del deslizamiento Torvizcón, utilizando el modelo de ladera infinita de Skempton y DeLory. El análisis de sensibilidad indicó que uno de los factores de control más importante de este tipo de movimientos está relacionado con las propiedades de los materiales, por lo cual el ángulo de inclinación de las laderas no es el único elemento que debe ser considerado en el establecimiento de los umbrales de estabilidad.
Paleomagnetic study of the Valle de Santiago volcanics, Michoacán-Guanajuato volcanic field, Mexico
Authors: Uribe-Cifuentes Rosa María , Urrutia-Fucugauchi Jaime
Published: May 2021

La región de Valle de Santiago del campo volcánico de Michoacán-Guanajuato está caracterizada por un lineamiento NNW-SSE de 20 maars en una zona de 50 km x 7 km, con 13 de ellos en una subzona de 14 km x 6 km. Este lineamiento parece estar asociado a una zona de debilidad cortical o fractura, orientada oblicua al patrón estructural de la Faja Volcánica Trans-Mexicana (TMVB). Ciento veintiuna muestras fueron colectadas de 13 diferentes unidades volcánicas correspondientes a andesitas pliocénicas y basaltos y andesitas cuaternarias en maars, conos cineríticos y volcanes compuestos. La polaridad magnética, excepto en una unidad, es normal. La edad de K-Ar más antigua asociada a la actividad de los maars es 1.2 Ma. Las polaridades magnéticas normales sugieren que la actividad volcánica se desarrolló predominantemente durante el crón de Brunhes, lo que indica edades más jóvenes a 0.78 Ma. La dirección media y polo paleomagnético estimada de 10 sitios son: Dec = 353.7°, Inc = 39.2°, k=42, Î±95 = 7.6° y PLAT = 78.4° N y PLOG = 180.0° E. El lineamiento de Valle de Santiago forma parte de un conjunto regional en el sector norte de la TMVB que incluye a la zona de falla de Querétaro-Taxco (QTFZ). Estos lineamientos NNW-SSE intersectan los patrones estructurales más jóvenes ENE-WSW representados por la falla Chapala-Tula. Datos paleomagnéticos para el sector este de la cuenca de Chapala indican rotaciones de bloques en sentido antihorario. Datos para el graben de Acambay en la zona de intersección con la QTFZ sugieren rotaciones en sentido horario y antihorario. Los datos para Valle de Santiago tienen una diferencia dentro de la negativa 6.3° + 6.1° con respecto a la dirección esperada. La diferencia está dentro de la incertidumbre; sin embargo, sugiere la posible ocurrencia de rotación antihoraria, similar a la deformación regional en este sector de la TMVB.
Tomographic imaging for reconstructing ionospheric distributions
Authors: Ríos Victor Hugo , Soria Francisco Rubén
Published: May 2021

El sistema ionosférico se analiza y se modela usando la técnica tomográfica, formulada en tres segmentos: el sistema de adquisición de datos ionosféricos, el modelo y el algoritmo de reconstrucción. Los límites de resolución del sistema se analizan, seguido de una medición cuantitativa de la capacidad de resolución del sistema completo.
Ionospheric disturbances at the crests of the equatorial anomaly during geomagnetic storms
Authors: Mansilla Gustavo A.
Published: May 2021

Se analizan las perturbaciones ionosféricas que se presentan en las crestas de la anomalía ecuatorial durante algunas tormentas geomagnéticas, con el objeto de verificar el patrón de comportamiento esperado. Se encuentra que la densidad electrónica máxima de la región F experimenta una gran variabilidad y puede diferir considerablemente del patrón promedio, principalmente en invierno. A pesar de este comportamiento irregular se reconocen, sin embargo, algunas características para diferentes tiempos locales de comienzo de las tormentas geomagnéticas. Los resultados que se obtienen son útiles ya que permiten mejorar el modelo cualitativo existente para predecir el comportamiento ionosférico en las crestas de la anomalía ecuatorial en los períodos perturbados.
A simple, alternative presentation of paleomagnetic demagnetization data
Authors: Goguitchaichvili Avto
Published: May 2021

La mayoría de los artículos de investigación en paleomagnetismo y magnetismo de rocas publicados desde 1967, usan diagramas de componentes vectoriales (conocidos como diagramas de Zijderveld) para describir e investigar la estabilidad direccional y la intensidad del decaimiento de la magnetización remanente durante la demagnetización en el laboratorio. Por consiguiente, el entendimiento del paleomagnetismo moderno requiere de la comprensión clara de esta técnica de gráficas. Desafortunadamente, el diagrama de Zijderveld no es fácilmente comprensible para gran parte de la comunidad geocientífica. Además, no es posible leer directamente los ángulos de declinación e inclinación en el diagrama. Se propone aquí una simple presentación de los datos de demagnetización. Este diagrama alternativo expone la información esencial que contienen actualmente los diagramas estereográficos y las curvas de intensidad normalizada. Es también eficaz para la presentación de datos de paleointensidad con el método de Thellier.
Contraception Recommendations With Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Weighted Product Methods (WP)
Authors: Bayu Yuliawan Audi , Hayatin Nur , Azhar Yufis
Published: May 2021

Planning Program (KB) as one way to reduce the high rate of pregnancy. Contraceptives used in family planning programs have various types. In addition to the presence of contraception for women, contraception is also available for men. It's just that the problem at this time, lack of knowledge will choose contraception in accordance with health conditions. The limited time, place and expertise of experts to always provide information is one of the obstacles to getting complete information. Decision Support System is a knowledge-based computer information system that is used to support decision making in a problem. This system will later use the Analytical Hierarchy Process method, this method is a method that makes decision makers to get priority scale or consideration of experience, views, intuition and original data. Not only that this system will also use the Weighted Product (WP) method to maximize the performance of AHP in ranking the final results. This application is made using the Android programming language with Android Studio as the platform. In this application will later display recommendations for selecting contraceptives that are suitable for a patient.
Fathers’ Involvement in Parenting and Intimacy towards Husbands
Authors: Savitri Hidayati Diana , Sari Christal Nandya Deby Mayang
Published: May 2021

Each marriage must have a problem, no exception to the newly married couple. Individuals who have intimacy in their marriage will be easier to deal with the conflicts that occur with their partner. One of the things that allegedly caused women's difficulties to bring intimacy to her husband was the woman's relationship with past experiences that were closely related to parental care, especially dad. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of father involvement in parenting with intimacy to husbands. The research design used is quantitative correlational. The Instrument for measuring both variables in the study uses the father's involvement scale in parenting and the intimacy scale. The research location is in a sub-district in Malang Regency with the number of subjects 99 wife and sampling techniques using purposive sampling. The research subject criteria are: aged between 18- 25 years old, taken care of  by father until 18 years old, not going through long distance relationship with her husband, minimum 1 year marriage and minimum number of children is one person.  Data analysis using product moment. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between the involvement of the father in the care of intimacy against the husband with the value of coefficiencies R = 0.397, with significance p = 0.000 < 0.05.
The Acceptability of Physiotherapy Care in Emergency Departments: An Exploratory Survey of Emergency Department Physicians
Authors: Matifat Eveline , Lavoie-Côté Pascale , Kounda Nabila , Charrier Lorie , Perreault Kadija , Desmeules François
Published: May 2021

Background: Interprofessional emergency department (ED) models of care, including physiotherapists, have emerged to answer growing demands for ED care. The purpose of this study was to assess the perceptions of ED physicians regarding ED physiotherapy.Methods and findings: Ninety-five ED physicians, members of one of two ED physicians’ associations in the province of Québec, completed a survey (response rate = 14.7%). Most had a positive perception of physiotherapists’ competencies (96.8%) and were confident that ED physiotherapy care is safe and efficient (96.8%).Conclusions: Based on responses from this limited sample, ED physicians have a positive perception of ED physiotherapy models of care.Keywords: Emergency department; Physiotherapy; Advanced practice physiotherapy;Acceptability; Models of care
Retrospective evaluation of malignant melanoma patients: A single-center experience
Authors: SOLAK Mustafa , KILIÇKAP Saadettin , CELIK İsmail
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Melanoma is a cancer arising from the malignant transformation of melanocytes. It is mostly seen in the skin, eyes, mucosal membranes, and meninges. Melanoma is one of the fastest rising of all cancers in the world.Methods: We retrospectively examined the medical records of adult patients who were diagnosed with melanoma between January 2005 and December 2013 according to the Hospital-Based Cancer Registry (HBCR) of Hacettepe University Oncology Hospital.Results: A total of 338 patients [193 (57.1%) men and 145 (42.9%) women] were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 1.3/1. The mean age of patients was 55.2±15.2 years (minimum-maximum: 16-87 years). The rate of male patients was higher in patients with cutaneous and uveal melanoma (respectively, 56.8% and 58.6%), whereas the rate of female patients was higher in patients with mucosal melanoma (female: 55.6% and male: 44.4%; respectively, p=0.746 and p=0.518). The median follow-up time was estimated to be 27.7 months (1-103 months). During follow-up period, 127 (37.6%) patients died, and 16 (4.7%) patients were lost to follow-up. The median overall survival time was 76.3 months. The 5-year survival rate was 53%. When all patients were evaluated according to melanoma subtypes, patients with melanoma of unknown primary origin had the lowest median survival time (6.4 months).Conclusions: It is necessary to increase the awareness of people about melanoma and to make physicians more sensitive about skin examination in order to detect cutaneous melanomas in the early stages.
Active Learning Versus Traditional Teaching Methods in the Family Medicine Clerkship
Authors: Schiel Kimberly Zoberi , Everard Kelly  M.
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives: Active learning, defined as a variety of teaching methods that engage the learner in self-evaluation and personalized learning, is emerging as the new educational standard. This study aimed to evaluate how family medicine clerkship directors are incorporating active learning methods into the clerkship curriculum. Methods: Data were collected via a Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance survey of family medicine clerkship directors. Participants answered questions about the number and type of teaching faculty in their department, the various teaching methods used in their family medicine clerkship, and what challenges they had faced in implementing active learning methods. Results: The survey response rate was 64%; 97% of family medicine clerkships use active learning techniques. The most common were online modules, problem-based learning, and hands-on workshops. The number of teaching faculty was significantly correlated with hours spent in live (not online) active teaching. One-third of clerkship directors felt challenged by lack of resources for adopting active learning. Clerkship directors did not cite lack of expertise as a challenge to implementing active learning. Time dedicated to clerkship director duties or the presence of a dedicated educator in the department was not associated with the adoption of active learning. Conclusions: The use of active learning in the family medicine clerkship is required both by educational standards and student expectations. Clerkship directors may feel challenged by lack of resources in their attempts to adopt active learning. However, there are many methods of active learning, such as online modules, that are less faculty time intensive.
Increasing Racial and Ethnic Diversity at the University of Utah Physician Assistant Program
Authors: Ryujin Darin , Spackman Jared , Honda Trenton J. , Valentin Virginia , Dalton Doris , Laguan Mauricio , Hobson Wendy L. , Rodríguez José E.
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives: Among the oldest in the nation, the University of Utah Physician Assistant Program (UPAP) serves the state of Utah and surrounding areas and is a division of the Department of Family and Preventive Medicine. Recognizing the need to produce health care providers from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds, UPAP instituted structural changes to improve student compositional diversity. This paper is a presentation and evaluation of the changes made to determine their relationship with compositional diversity, ultimate practice setting, and national rankings. Methods: UPAP changed diversity messaging, curriculum, efforts in admissions, recruitment, and retention to improve the representation of Black, Latinx, American Indian/Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander students, as well as those from educationally and economically disadvantaged backgrounds. Results: UPAP tripled the number of underrepresented minority matriculated students over the course of five admitted classes, while simultaneously increasing the proportion of students from educationally or economically disadvantaged backgrounds. UPAP maintains both high boards pass rate and top national rankings, (number two ranking in public physician assistant program and number four overall program in the United States). Conclusions: The UPAP experience demonstrates that intentional diversity efforts are associated with improvement in racial/ethnic diversity and national rankings. Other medical school graduate programs, specifically the medical doctor (MD), public health, and basic science programs can use this model to improve their compositional diversity.
Evaluation of Eye Involvement in Pediatric Celiac Disease Patients
Authors: Dereci Selim , Aşık Abdulvahit , Direkçi İlke , karadağ ayşe , Hızlı Şamil
Published: May 2021

Background: The nonclassic presentation of pediatric celiac disease (CD)
becomes increasingly common in daily practice, which requires an
awareness of its extraintestinal clinical findings. To evaluate eye
involvement and effect of gluten free diet on ocular involvement in
pediatric CD patients by measuring the thicknesses of choroid and
ganglion cell complex(GCC) composed of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL),
ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL) using enhanced
depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT). Methods:
Forty-three CD patients aged between four and 16 years (mean age;9.9 ±
4.1, 12 boys and 31 girls), and 48 healthy children (mean age; 11.3 ±
4.1,17 boys and 31 girls) were compared. Following comprehensive eye
examinations, thicknesses of choroid at three points and GCC layers
(RNFL at five points, GCL and IPL) were obtained using EDI-OCT.
Measurement of thicknesses of choroid and GCC layers by a trained
EDI-OCT technician and an ophthalmologist who were not aware about group
of children in pediatric CD patients with one year gluten free diet.
Results: All layers of subfoveal, nasal, temporal choroid were
significantly thinner in CD than in the control group (p <
.001, p < .001, and p < .001, respectively). No
significant difference were observed between the CD and control groups
in terms of GCC thicknesses (p > .05). Conclusion:
Pediatric CD causing thinning of subfoveal, nasal and temporal areas of
choroid, and this change is apparent even after one year gluten free
diet. This extraintestinal involvement should be more closely screened
at diagnosis and long term clinical results of thin choroid should be
determined. Thicknesses of GCC layers were not different in CD group may
be revealing the effect of diet or not involvement.
Om offentlige anskaffelser
Authors: Langseth Marius
Published: May 2021

What the government purchases forms our daily routines and the world that surrounds us. The public sector can use its procurement to stimulate jobs and to create an economy that is more innovative and sustainable. High-quality public services depend on well-managed and professional procurement practitioners. Public procurement practitioners have an essential job to make effective and efficient decisions for our common money and act with integrity according to laws. Academically, research on public procurement in Norway is limited. This anthology brings together authors from different areas to shed light on exciting research questions in public procurement. The anthology consists of 10 different chapters that discuss different aspects of public procurement in Norway. Finally, implications regarding future research and study will be discussed.
Offentlige anskaffelser i Norge: forskningen gjennom to tiår
Authors: Similä Jan Ole , Langseth Marius
Published: May 2021

Procurement is of great importance for the public sector to be able to produce the large number of services it provides, within health, education, infrastructure, defense, police, etc. The economic scope of public procurement is significant, and therefore it is also used as a tool to achieve national political goals, e.g., related to reaching environmental goals or the promotion of innovations. Through research we can look at whether public funds are used effectively and whether they contribute to the achievement of defined goals. The aim of this chapter is to review the Norwegian research on public procurement (research published in international journals). This literature review shows that Norwegian research on public procurement in the period 2001–2019, is modest. In recent years, however, there has been a certain increase in the number of research publications, which is mainly because of a few Ph.D.-candidates who have been interested in research aimed at public procurement.
Konkurranseutsetting
Authors: Westeren Knut Ingar
Published: May 2021

Outsourcing is nothing new for public sector. Cooperation between economic producing units where one unit, within the framework of a contractual relationship, produces on behalf of the other, is something that has taken place in both the private and public sector for a long time. This became part of a deliberate political strategy throughout the 1980s in response to criticism of the public sector for producing at too high a unit cost. The logic behind outsourcing was that the introduction of a market in the production of public services should improve efficiency in the public sector. In this chapter, we first discuss how the concept of outsourcing can be understood and what justifications from business economics and market economics are necessary for us to theoretically justify that the introduction of a market should have the desired effects. Then we discuss two examples where outsourcing has been carried out, nursing homes and waste collection, to see what kind of experiences that have been gained. The experiences from outsourcing do not give unambiguous results and there are many factors to be aware of when carrying out competitive tendering, both on the basis of theoretical considerations and practical implementation.
Kontraktsoppfølging i offentlige anskaffelser
Authors: Langseth Marius , Johansen Olav , Gustavsen Tor Endre
Published: May 2021

Procurement is the intermediary between external suppliers and internal functions that create and deliver value for citizens. Contract administration is about the follow-up of suppliers who deliver goods and/or services to the public sector in order to maximize the value of these interactions. Lack of contract follow-up is, according to Meld. St. 22 (2018–2019), one of the most important reasons why the expected effect of public procurement is not realized. This chapter examines in more detail how contract follow-up takes place in public procurement. This is done through three focus areas and a qualitative exploratory study with seven qualitative interviews. In the interviews, the purchasers describe that they have too little capacity for contract follow-up, have deficient and poorly integrated IT systems and that the contract follow-up is characterized by structural and control orientation. The implication is that public enterprises should ensure that the enterprises have the capacity for contract follow-up and map out which success factors can contribute to better contract follow-up.
Offentlige innkjøpere: Kompetanseområder og kunnskapshull
Authors: Langseth Marius , Similä Jan Ole
Published: May 2021

This chapter examines areas of expertise and possible knowledge gaps among public purchasers in Norway. The study is based on a literature study and a sample of 343 public enterprises collected through secondary data from a questionnaire survey among Norwegian purchasers. In the literature, 24 articles and 12 areas of expertise were found. Eight of these areas were identified in the survey. The public purchasers say they have good competence in legislation and competition implementation, but lower competence in analysis, innovation and category management. The implication is that public authorities should establish a uniform competence model, and public enterprises should recognize increased requirements for public purchasers. An appropriate competence strategy should be developed to train or recruit staff who are able to fill the competence gaps.
Adgangen til å ivareta sideformål som arbeidsforhold og sosiale forhold etter anskaffelsesreglene
Authors: Goller Morten , Ekre Oda H. , Gulbrandsen Beate
Published: May 2021

It follows from the Norwegian Procurement Act section 5 that contracting authorities shall take appropriate measures to ensure that public contracts are performed in accordance with horizontal policies such as social rights and labour rights. The article analyses the scope for contracting authorities’ possibility to set out such requirements pursuant to the public procurement rules, with particular emphasis on contractual requirements.

The article also analyses three typical examples of such contract provisions, i.e. requirements for the use of apprentices, requirements for the use of permanent employees and the use of subcontractors.

Pursuant to the applicable sources of law, the contracting authorities have a broad discretion to set out contract provisions regarding social and labour rights. Such provisions must however be linked to the subject matter of the contract. This implies that the provisions must relate to the work undertaken for the specific contract. The provisions cannot relate to the supplier’s general business operation. The requirements must also comply with the fundamental principles set out in the Norwegian Procurement Act section 4.
Comparison of Classical and Robust Estimates of Threshold Auto-regression Parameters
Authors: Goryainov V. B. , Khing W. M.
Published: May 2021

The exponential auto-regression model is a discrete analog of the second-order nonlinear differential equations of the type of Duffing and van der Pol oscillators. It is used to describe nonlinear stochastic processes with discrete time, such as vehicle vibrations, ship roll, electrical signals in the cerebral cortex. When applying the model in practice, one of the important tasks is its identification, in particular, an estimate of the model parameters from observations of the stochastic process it described. A traditional technique to estimate autoregressive parameters is the nonlinear least squares method. Its disadvantage is high sensitivity to the measurement errors of the process observed. The M-estimate method largely has no such a drawback. The M-estimates are based on the minimization procedure of a non-convex function of several variables. The paper studies the effectiveness of several well-known minimization methods to find the M-estimates of the parameters of an exponential autoregressive model. The paper demonstrates that the sequential quadratic programming algorithm, the active set algorithm, and the interior-point algorithm have shown the best and approximately the same accuracy. The quasi-Newton algorithm is inferior to them in accuracy a little bit, but is not inferior in time. These algorithms had approximately the same speed and were one and a half times faster than the Nelder-Mead algorithm and 14 times faster than the genetic algorithm. The Nelder-Mead algorithm and the genetic algorithm have shown the worst accuracy. It was found that all the algorithms are sensitive to initial conditions. The estimate of parameters, on which the autoregressive equation linearly depends, is by an order of magnitude more accurate than that of the parameter on which the auto-regression equation depends in a nonlinear way.
A Mixed Boundary Value Problem for the Laplace Equation in a semi-infinite Layer
Authors: Algazin O. D. , Kopaev A. V.
Published: May 2021

The paper offers a solution of the mixed Dirichlet-Neumann and Dirichlet-Neumann-Robin boundary value problems for the Laplace equation in the semi-infinite layer, using the previously obtained solution of the mixed Dirichlet-Neumann boundary value problem for a layer.

The functions on the right-hand sides of the boundary conditions are considered to be functions of slow growth, in particular, polynomials. The solution to boundary value problems is also sought in the class of functions of slow growth. Continuing the functions on the right-hand sides of the boundary conditions on the upper and lower sides of the semi-infinite layer from the semi-hyperplane to the entire hyperplane, we obtain the Dirichlet-Neumann problem for the layer, the solution of which is known and written in the form of a convolution. If the right-hand sides of the boundary conditions are polynomials, then the solution is also a polynomial. To the solution obtained it is necessary to add the solution of the problem for a semi-infinite layer with homogeneous boundary conditions on the upper and lower sides and with an inhomogeneous boundary condition of Dirichlet, Neumann or Robin on the lateral side. This solution is written as a series. If we take a finite segment of the series, then we obtain a solution that exactly satisfies the Laplace equation and the boundary conditions on the upper and lower sides of the semi-infinite layer and approximately satisfies the boundary condition on the lateral side.

An example of solving the Dirichlet-Neumann and Dirichlet-Neumann-Robin problems is considered, describing the temperature field of a semi-infinite plate the upper side of which is heat-isolated, on the lower side the temperature is set in the form of a polynomial, and the lateral side is either heat-isolated, or holds a zero temperature, or has heat exchange with a zero-temperature environment. For the first two Dirichlet-Neumann problems, the solution is obtained in the form of polynomials. For the third Dirichlet-Neumann-Robin problem, the solution is obtained as a sum of a polynomial and a series. If in this solution the series is replaced by a finite segment, then an approximate solution of the problem will be obtained, which approximately satisfies the Robin condition on the lateral side of the semi-infinite layer.
On a Space-Fractional Generalization of the Black Oil Model
Authors: Belevtsov N. S.
Published: May 2021

Classical multiphase filtration models, which are based on Darcy's law, are well studied and actively used in modern oil engineering. However, such models do not allow efficient describing of processes with power-law memory effects or with spatial non-locality effects. In recent years, there has been a significantly increasing interest in models with fractional derivatives and integrals that allow such effects to be taken into account.

The article considers the space-fractional generalization of the two-phase Black Oil model. This model is built on the basis of a fractional modification of the Darcy’s law with the Riesz potential, which is one of the possible generalizations of a fractional integral to the case of a multidimensional space. The use of such a modification of Darcy's law allows efficient describing of filtration processes in heterogeneous fractured porous media with the effects of spatial non-locality.

For the numerical solution of the system of equations from the obtained model, the use of the IMPES method is proposed. For this purpose, from the presented system of equations, one equation is selected that describes the evolution of pressure. This equation is written provided that the capillary pressure variation within the time step is neglected.

A special case of the pressure equation with the Riesz potential of radial function is considered, which describes the pressure variation in the case of a radial plane flow. For this equation, a self-similar solution is constructed using the Mellin integral transform method. A representation of this solution in the form of the Mellin-Barnes contour integral was obtained, which made it possible to write it in terms of the Fox functions. It is shown that in the limiting case of a zero degree of the Riesz potential, this solution coincides with the self-similar solution of the classical heat equation. The constructed self-similar solution can be further used in the software implementation of the numerical solution of the model presented

The main line of further research is to develop and implement a software computing system based on the proposed fractional generalization of the two-phase Black Oil model.
Boolean Functions with Affine Annihilators
Authors: Zelenetsky A. S. , Klyucharev P. G.
Published: May 2021

In the article we study boolean functions with affine annihilators. We have obtained results in both, estimating the number of functions under study and defining the relationship between Walsh-Hadamard coefficients of an arbitrary boolean function and its affine annihilator available. The second section of this article focuses on estimating the number of boolean functions with affine annihilators. The value has top and bottom bound. Besides, we have obtained the asymptotic estimate of the number of boolean functions with affine annihilators. The third section studies the Walsh-Hadamard coefficients of boolean functions with affine annihilators. First, we have derived the dependence of the Walsh-Hadamard coefficient on the distance between an arbitrary boolean function and a vector space of the affine function’s annihilators. Based on this result, we have obtained the dependence of distance between an arbitrary boolean function and a set of functions with affine annihilators on the spectrum of given function. Also we have defined the necessary and sufficient condition for the arbitrary boolean function to be with an affine annihilator available. Using the results obtained we bounded an absolute value of Walsh-Hadamard coefficients.

Also we suggested a method for boolean equations analysis, which is based on two known methods. Namely, we used an analysis using annihilators and an analysis using linear analogs. We have obtained an estimate of the success probability of the suggested method for an arbitrary boolean function. Also we proved that bent functions are the most resistant to this analysis.

The results obtained can be used in analysis of boolean equations. Also obtained dependences can be used, for instance, to study bent functions and algebraic immunity of boolean functions.
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN APRESIASI PUISI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERDEKLAMASI SISWA KELAS X SMA ST. ANTONIUS BANGUN MULIA MEDAN TAHUN AJARAN 2018/2019
Authors: Tamba Losten , Sibarani Maria Heprida
Published: May 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh kemampuan apresiasi puisi terhadap kemampuan deklamasi siswa kelas X SMA St. Antonius Bangun Mulia Medan tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan metode penelitian eksperimen. Objek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa-siswi kelas X MIA dengan jumlah 27 orang. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan tes essai dan juga tes penampilan. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan ditemukan bahwa rata-rata kelas X Mia pada penilaian kemampuan apresiasi adalah sebesar 74,07, standar deviasi sebesar 15,03 dan pada penilaian kemampuan deklamasi ditemukan rata-rata sebesar 80,11, serta standar deviasi sebesar 8,31. Uji hipotesis dicari dengan menggunakan rumus manual dengan taraf 𝛼 = 0,05 dan perbandingan nilai 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 , 𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 dengan hasil perbadingan 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑛𝑔 (5,415)>𝑡𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑒𝑙 (2,060) sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh kemampuan apresiasi (X) terhadap kemampuan deklamasi (Y) pada siswa kelas X MIA SMA St. Antonius Bangun Mulia Medan. Dengan persentase pengaruh yang ditimbulkan oleh kemampuan apresiasi adalah sebesar 40,80% terhadap kemampuan deklamasi, maka dari itu kemampuan apresiasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan deklamasi.
Necropolitics and the violence of Indigenous incarceration
Authors: Broadfield Kirstie , Dawes Glenn , Chong Mark David
Published: May 2021

Since the Royal Commission into Aboriginal Deaths in Custody, over thirty years ago, there have been over 400 Indigenous deaths in custody, with 28% of the Australian prison population identifying as Indigenous. Indigenous over-representation in the criminal justice system continues to be an unresolved issue despite varying attempts to reduce the high incidence of incarceration experienced by Indigenous Australians. This paper proposes a fresh approach to analysing the violence of Indigenous incarceration using the theory of necropolitics. The paper represents a critical discussion of a work-in-progress of how an analytical framework based on necropolitics has the potential to elevate the often-silenced voices of vulnerable populations, such as Indigenous Australians, within the criminal justice system. This is because the proposed study will present a multi-level analysis of the overt and covert forms of violence perpetrated against Indigenous Australians within the criminal justice system and unlock the potential of exposing the extent to which unequal relations of power contribute to these forms of violence.  The significance of this research therefore lies in its capacity to provide policymakers with deeper insights into how such forms of violence impact upon and further disempower Indigenous Australians in the Australian criminal justice system.
Throughcare for Indigenous Peoples Leaving Prison
Authors: Tubex Hilde
Published: May 2021

The concept of throughcare for Indigenous peoples leaving prison has attracted a lot of attention in Australia over the last couple of years. The reason for this is the ongoing overrepresentation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in the criminal justice system and, more particularly, in prison. Recent approaches to address this overrepresentation are focusing on the back end of the criminal justice process, investigating reintegration needs after release to prevent reoffending. This is particularly the case for Indigenous peoples as we know that high recidivism rates are one of the main drivers for overrepresentation in prison. In this contribution, I want to provide an overview of recent throughcare related government reports, academic research and publications, as a guide to new information now available. In the discussion, I am looking for convergences and divergences and recommendations for the way forward.
ÖZEL YETENEKLILERIN TANILANMASINDA SINIF DÜZEYLERININ UZMAN GÖRÜŞLERINE GÖRE KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: EKER Abdullah , SARI Hakan
Published: May 2021

Bilim Sanat Merkezleri (BİLSEM), Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı tarafından 1993 yılında kurulmaya başlanan, ülkemizde üstün yetenekli çocukların özel eğitim gereksinimlerine yönelik destek eğitim hizmetleri veren en yaygın eğitim kurumlarıdır. BİLSEMLER; İlköğretim ve Ortaöğretim çağındaki öğrencilerin üstün yeteneklerini geliştirerek bilimsel düşünce ve davranışlarla estetik değerleri birleştiren, üretken, problem çözen bireyler haline gelmelerini özel eğitim aktiviteleri yoluyla sağlayan eğitim kurumlarıdır. BİLSEMLER de birebir ve proje tabanlı eğitim verilmektedir. Türkiye’de günümüzde toplam 113 BİLSEM bulunmaktadır. BİLSEM’e öğrenci kabulü için zekâ ve yeteneğin tanılanması konusunda hangi yaşın daha uygun olduğu, erken tanılama için hangi yaştan başlanması gerektiği ve öğrencinin tanılama ölçeklerini uygulama becerisi düzeyi uzmanlar arasında yoğun bir şekilde tartışılmaktadır. MEB önce 4. sınıf düzeyinde tanılama yaparken bu seneki eğitim döneminde tanılama düzeyini 4. sınıftan 2. sınıfa çekmiştir. Daha sonra da 1. Sınıf düzeyinden 3. Sınıf düzeyine kadar olan esnek bir yelpazede tanılama çalışmaları yürütülmeye başlanmıştır. Ancak tanılama yaşındaki yapılan değişikliklerin tanılama üzerindeki etkisine ilişkin ülkemizde henüz bilimsel bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu nedenle bu çalışma da farklı iki sınıf düzeyindeki tanılamanın avantajları ve sınırlılıkları; tanılama çalışmalarını bizzat yapan ve tanılama ölçeklerinde uzman olan Rehberlik ve Araştırma Merkezlerindeki (RAM) uzmanların görüşlerine göre karşılaştırmalı biçimde değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışma da araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Toplam 30 RAM uzmanının görüşüne başvurulmuş ve sonuçlar nitel araştırma yöntemleri ile analiz edilmiştir.