bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MANAGEMENT OF BRANDS’ PORTFOLIO POSITIONING OF DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES
Authors: Dudko Pavlo M.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Nowadays, the development of the economy of Ukraine is a demonstration of the trend towards globalization and the necessity for enterprises, including greater understanding, to give more nutrition to the form and brand development.Hypothesis of scientific research. The management of brands’ portfolio positioning should not be based only on trademarks, which belong to an enterprise, but also on the construction of molecule of brands portfolio, which affect on the decision of the consumer independently of holding them, that allows the increasement of the validity of proper brand in the eyes of consumer.Aim of this research is the extension of the theoretical foundations and the development of science-and-practical recommendations, which is followed by the complete management of the brand portfolio.Methods of investigation: The following tools: (goal setting, information and marketing communications; marketing research); models, methods and techniques (traditional methods of statistics, analysis, marketing) modeling; model of brand code and mental fields according to T. Ged; naming techniques); the method of generalization of information, the result of which is the development of the brand / brands, the formation of the portfolio; formation of a brand beech were used in the study.Results of research. Based on the analysis of portfolio concepts in brand management, the essence of the brand portfolio as a set of brands that make up the brand carrier and affect the associated position in the perception of the consumer, regardless of ownership of the company is precised. The meaning "brand carrier" refers to a product, brand, enterprise, organization, person or character associated in the minds of consumers with a certain distinctive quality.Conclusions: Approaches to the formation of brand portfolios, which can be centric (based on the hierarchy of brands and based on systems / networks of brands) and invariant – based on the "molecule" of the portfolio. The model of the organization of management of a brand which includes principles, the purpose, tasks, essence of management and directions of works is formed. Systematized principles of brand management, which we divide into general and specific. Methodical approaches to brand management on the basis of brand positioning are studied, it is established that the method of brand management on the basis of brand positioning should be understood as a way of its practical implementation, then the method is a set of methods and techniques of its appropriate application.
THE CURRENT STATE OF INNOVATION AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN UKRAINE
Authors: Nifatova Оlena М. , Sviatetskyi Vladyslav V.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. The implementation of modern tools for the transfer of innovative technologies from research centers to the business environment is one of the main criteria for Ukraine to enter the globalization space of technologically advanced countries. In view of the above, the analysis of the current state of innovation and technology transfer in Ukraine in order to form development priorities with a focus on advanced global models becomes relevant.Research hypothesis. It is assumed that the implementation of modern tools for the transfer of innovative technologies from research centers to the business environment will be the basis for the creation of a new type of university, the effectiveness of which will be measured by the introduction of enterprises in various fields of innovation and projects.The purpose of the article is to analyze the current state of innovation and technology transfer in Ukraine.Research methods: statistical analysis and logical generalization – to study trends in the field of technology transfer in Ukraine.Results: the current state of innovation and technology transfer in Ukraine is analyzed. Ukraine's place in the global innovation index is assessed according to the main indicators. Factors of efficiency of commercialization of university inventions are allocated. The functioning of effective technology transfer centers on the example of Spain is considered.Conclusions: technology transfer is a promising mechanism for economic stabilization of a country. In Ukraine, due to weak interaction between science and business, technology transfer is not developed at the proper level. To overcome such negative trends, it is necessary to use institutional factors – improving the legal framework in the field of technology transfer and developing public policy on the commercialization of intellectual property, intensifying the development of technology market infrastructure and involving enterprises in working with intellectual property.
TÜRKİYE TÜRKÇESİNDE BAĞLAÇLARIN VARLIĞI ÜZERİNE
Authors: TAŞBEY Canan
Published: September 2020

Türk dilinde, üzerinde çalışmalar yapılan birçok dil bilgisi konusu mevcuttur. Bu çalışmalar incelendiğinde dil bilgisi araştırmacıları arasında bazı fikir ayrılıkları bulunduğu görülmektedir. Araştırmacıların farklı bakış açılarına sahip olmalarından kaynaklanan bu fikir ayrılıkları, Türk dili gramerinde birtakım karışıklıklara sebep olarak bazı konuların öğrenimini ve öğretimini zorlaştırmaktadır. Sözcük türleri tasniflerinde bulunan bağlaçlar ve edatlar da bu karışıklık içerisinde yer almaktadır. Sözcük türlerini sınıflarken bazı dil bilimcilerin bağlaçları edatların içinde bir alt başlık olarak değerlendirmeleri, bağlaç terimi ve kapsamıyla ilgili görüş farklılıklarının bulunması gibi nedenler bu çalışmanın temelini oluşturmaktadır. Bunun yanında bağlaçların Türk dilindeki oluşum halleri ele alınmakta ve öncesinde işlek olarak bağlaç yerine kullanılan yapılara da değinilmektedir. Çalışmada, adı geçen kelime çeşitlerinin birbirleriyle olan ilişkileri incelenerek bağlaçların Türk dilindeki varlığına ve sözcük türleri tasnifindeki yerine açıklık getirilmesi hedeflenmektedir. Çalışmanın sonlarına doğru Türk edebiyatının önemli eserlerinden alınan örneklerle de bağlacın cümle içerisindeki kullanımlarına yer verilmektedir.
The Nile Bargain
Authors: Mezentsev Stanislav , Tsarev Pavel
Published: September 2020

The article analyses the serious regional crisis connected with the end of the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam on the Blue Nile. This project, due to be launched in July 2020, sparks tensions between Ethiopia and Egypt. Both sides are doing their utmost to get international support for their respective positions. Cairo urges not to fill the Dam before settling all the disputed issues. Addis Ababa wants to do it as quickly as possible to make the Dam operational. However, the window of diplomatic opportunities for a consensus is just about to close. Egypt threatens to use military force, and Ethiopia is ready to mobilize one million people to protect the Dam. Who is in the right? Which country is stronger? Could Egypt and Ethiopia really go to war over water? The authors try to answer these questions, analyzing the legislative base of the Nile case, the military potential of both countries and the attitude of the main world actors towards this problem.

Comparing available open source data, authors conclude that a war between the two states is almost impossible. What is happening now around the Dam looks more like a big bargain, and its subject is the Egypt’s future chances to remain one of the main regional and continental political and economic players. There are only two ways to delay filling the dam: monetary compensation from Egypt or future destabilization of internal situation in Ethiopia.
A new vaccine approach and convalescent plasma until its development
Authors: Fricke Ingo , Freeman Scott Nathan
Published: September 2020

We have outlined the idea of creating a synthetic standardized convalescent plasma with assigned neutralization capacity and a vaccine strategy using a multipeptide approach targeting the mucosal immune system.
Pengembangan Kurikulum dan Aspek-Aspeknya
Authors: Wenda Yowenus
Published: September 2020

Sesungguhnya apa dan bagaimana kurikulum itu? Mengapa di Indonesia seperti sudah menjadi kewajaran terjadi perubahan kurikulum. Sampai-sampai masyarakat menghafalkan tiap ganti meteri pendidikan pasti ganti juga kurikulumnya. Apapula kaitannya kurikulum dengan siswa, guru dan pengelola pendidikan. Siapa yang berhak membuat kurikulum? Jika memang perubahan kurikulum itu diperlukan apa tujuannya dan bagaimana caranya? banyak pertanyaan dan permasalahan mulai muncul ketika berbicara mengenai kurikulum. membuat semakin penting untuk mengetahui mulai dari mana kita mempelajari kurikulum. Dalam tulisan ini mencoba mengupas mengenai apa kurikulum itu? Siapa yang membutuhkan dan menggunakannya? Bagaimana Kurikulum diterapkan? Apa tujuannya? Kapan diterapkan? Dimana kurikulum digunakan?
Something old, something new: A review of the literature on sleep-related lexicalization of novel words in adults
Authors: Palma Pauline , Titone Debra
Published: September 2020

Word learning is a crucial aspect of human development that depends on the formation and consolidation of novel memory traces. In this paper, we critically review the behavioural research on sleep-related lexicalization of novel words in healthy young adult speakers. We first describe human memory systems, the processes underlying memory consolidation, then we describe the Complementary Learning Systems account of memory consolidation. We then review behavioural studies focusing on novel word learning and sleep-related lexicalization in monolingual samples, while highlighting their relevance to three main theoretical questions. Finally, we review the few studies that have investigated sleep-related lexicalization in L2 speakers. Overall, while several studies suggest that sleep promotes the gradual transformation of initially labile traces into more stable representations, a growing body of work suggests a rich variety of time-courses for novel word lexicalization. Moreover, there is a need for more work on sleep-related lexicalization patterns in varied populations, such as L2 speakers and bilingual speakers, and more work on individual differences, to fully understand the boundary conditions of this phenomenon.
Discovery of a potential site for community-based sustainable ecotourism in the Sundarbans reserve forests, Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Mohammad Zahirul , Reza Mohammad Imam Hasan , Alam Md. Mahmudul , Ahmed Zahir Uddin , Islam Wasiul
Published: September 2020

Conservation of biological diversity is a pressing need and protected areas are the cornerstones for conserving remaining flora and fauna. However, forest dependent livelihood in countries like Bangladesh making this task very critical. In the case of the poor and forest-dependent livelihood in the Sundarbans area of Bangladesh, an eco-friendly ecotourism may provide an alternative livelihood, which mayreduce the overexploitation from the valuable Sundarbans forest ecosystems. Furthermore, this initiative may also serve to aware people on the value of this unique ecosystems. Therefore, this study discusses the scope, benefits and challenges for developing sustainable ecotourism within the protected area. It focuses on the development of a potential site for sustainable ecotourism inside the Sundarbans Reserve Forest. Developing sustainable tourism spots inside the wildlife hub has a high demand among tourists and it is also necessary for the socio-economic development of the local community, moreover, the approach of community-based ecotourism (CBEM) is a suitable strategy for conservation of protected areas
The Impact of Interest Rate Changes on the Islamic Foreign Exchange Forward in the Malaysian Derivative Market
Authors: Arif Nor Azmah Md. , Muda Ruhaini , Alam Md. Mahmudul , Mohamad Saadiah
Published: September 2020

Islamic foreign exchange forward plays a significant role to mitigate various foreign currency exchange risks. The main challenge that impedes the development and operation of the Islamic foreign exchange forward as a hedging instrument is the behaviour of relying on existing conventional framework with core conception of relying on interest rate and excessive risk taking. This study utilized monthly data from April 2004 to October 2017 of the Malaysian derivatives market. This study found that in the absence of an alternative profit-rate related benchmark and cross border activities, Islamic banks are constrained to use the interest rate benchmark. In the short run, both medium term (6-months) and longer term (12-months) tenures indicate faster speed of adjustment possibility due to higher trading volume and less demand for the medium term for the Islamic foreign exchange forward contract. It implies a need of the Islamic foreign exchange forward as a longer-term hedging instrument and not for a short term speculation and risk-taking purposes, as prohibited by shariah.
Immigrant family socialization
Authors: Paat Yok-Fong , Chavira Monica , Hoya Rosemarie De La , Yoshimoto Mitsue
Published: September 2020

Using convenient and purposive sampling augmented with snowball sampling, this study examines the perceptions of family socialization between two cultures, using in-depth interviews of 15 pairs of adult child-parent dyads (n=30) of Mexican origin in the United States. In sum, despite variations in the pace of acculturation, our study shows that both adult children and their parents proactively adopted compromising strategies (e.g. mutual respect, acceptance, openness, and realistic expectations) to bridge the differences in acculturation and reach common ground in family communication. Several core values and family practices, such as respect to family authority, family interdependence, retention/preservation of cultural heritage (e.g. language, customs, and identity), a strong work ethic, patriarchal gender norms, Mexican versus American parenting styles, and adult children striving for more freedom from traditional customs (e.g. conventional gender roles and living arrangements), were emphasized in Mexican immigrant family socialization in our study. Despite their differences in belief systems and ideologies, our study shows that family communication between the adult child-parent dyads was built on a set of implicit expectations that focus on minimizing family conflicts, yet providing a ‘culturally instrumental’ and supportive/caring context. In contrast to the postulation of the acculturation gap-distress model, our study found that discrepancies in acculturation between immigrant parents and their children were not necessarily associated with poorer family functioning and adjustment.
Modern Application of Bai` al-Sarf (Currency Exchange) From Maqasid Al-Shari’ah Perspective: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ali Al-Fijawi Mohammed Farid
Published: September 2020

Bai’ al-sarf widely known as currency exchange is an important sale contract both in classical and contemporary world. This scoping review looks into the objectives behind the rulings set by the Shari’ah for this sale contract. These objectives are sorted out from the commentaries of the hadith and the deliberations of the jurists through textual analysis method. Some of the modern applications such as T+2 and Islamic Foreign Currency Exchange (FX) Swap structures are briefly juxtaposed against the objectives of bai’ al-sarf we discovered. Objectives of Shari’ah rulings in spot exchange is to avoid falling into the sale of debt against debt (al-kali bi al-kali), prevention of payment delay by one of the counter parties, prevention of conflict between the counter parties, and last not least to avoid falling into exchange contracts that will induce riba.
Keywords: Bai’ al-sarf, currency exchange, spot seizing (al-taqabud fi al-majlis), equal counter-values (al-tamathul), sad bab al-niza’ (closing the door of conflict), riba.
Update in Obstetric Anaesthesia: A Ten Question Review
Authors: Lacassie Hector , Rojas Luis Marfan , Loyola Fernanda , Lacassie Hector
Published: September 2020

We present a review of four major topics in obstetric anaesthesia, including obstetric outcomes, analgesia
for labor, anaesthesia for caesarean section and some miscellaneous topics, in the form of multiple-choice
questions, followed by a comprehensive review synthesizing the best evidence available so far on each
topic.
Os objetos da atualidade
Authors: Barbará Cibele
Published: September 2020

Este texto pretende contribuir para um conjunto de reflexões a respeito da relação do sujeito com os comumente chamados objetos da atualidade (gadgets) e, consequentemente, também pretende ampliar a leitura e as reflexões sobre o que faz esse mesmo sujeito enlaçar-se com o Outro. A aposta é que delimitar melhor o enlaçamento do sujeito com o Outro diz respeito não só à sua relação com este, mas também à sua relação com o objeto a.
Review of the Multicarrier Modulation Techniques used in Modern Wireless Communications
Authors: Grishin I. , Kalinkina A.
Published: September 2020

This article provides an overview of the technologies for generating radio signals, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing and its modifications: universal filtered multicarrier and filter bank multi-carrier currently used in wireless communication networks. Subject of research: methods of multicar-rier modulation. Main results: Overview of modern methods of forming multicarrier signals in radio communication systems. A number of computational experiments have been performed to compare the characteristics of signal localization, peak-to-average ratios and spurious emissions. Practical implica-tions: the results can be used in choosing the type of modulation in the case of the development of digi-tal radio communication systems.
Pengaruh Kualitas Auditor, Leverage, Harga Saham, Inflasi, Capital Expenditure Terhadap Manajemen Laba Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftardi BEI
Authors: Silfiana Annisa , Dwi Astuti Diana , Fitria Ningsih Wiwik
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of Audit Quality, Leverage, Stock Prices, Inflation, Capital Expenditure, on earnings management as measured by discretionary accruals. In agency theory, agency problems arise because of the opportunistic behavior of the agent, namely the behavior of management to maximize their own well-being that is contrary to the principal's interests. Managers have the urge to choose and implement accounting methods that can show good performance to get bonuses and principals, the choice of methods deliberately chosen by management is known as earnings management.This type of research is an empirical study. The study was conducted on cigarette manufacturing sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2018. Data obtained through documentation, by collecting annual report data and company financial reports on the Indonesia Stock Ecchange (IDX) web. Data regarding discretionary accruals to measure earnings management, dummy to measure auditor quality, debt equity ratio to measure leverage, earnings per share to measure stock prices, inflation at certain periods to measure inflation, capex ratio to measure capital expenditure and tested using regression tests linear regression with the help of SPSS analysis.The results of this study indicate that audit quality and leverage significantly influence earnings management while the other three variables are stock price, inflation, capital expendiure, and no effect on earnings management.
The trowel and the sickle. Italian archaeology and its Marxist legacy
Authors: Cella Elisa , Gori Maja , Pintucci Alessandro
Published: September 2020

During the second post-war period (1945-1960s), the Italian Communist party was a hub of intellec­tuals, and as such influenced the development of Italian archaeology as well. Marxist ideology indeed was perceived as means to enfranchise the discipline from the old academia. Focusing on of the so-called “Roman school” of archaeology, this paper analyzes the influence of communist and Marxist ideologies on the discipline’s development. In particular we will present two prominent and charismatic archaeologists Renato Peroni and Andrea Carandini. It is argued that while the Marxist research trajectories were characterized by an initial innovative and driving force that revolutionized Italian archaeology, the collapse of the Italian Communist Party and the resulting downfall of its intellectual tradition determined the exhaustion of the discipline’s innovative potential.
Who Owns the Past?
Authors: Gori Maja , Pintucci Alessandro , Revello Lami Martina
Published: September 2020

On the 23rd of August 2015 Daesh blew up the 2,000-year-old Baal-Shamin temple in the world-famous Greco-Roman site of Palmyra. This event triggered a profound emotional reaction in society at large, and the ruins soon became an iconic symbol of world heritage in danger. The appalling images of the ruins of Baal Shamin reinforced the perception, especially among western observers, that protecting cultural and natural heritage is yet another duty in the fight against terrorism. A similar international outcry occurred in 2001, when the Buddhas of Bamiyan fell to Taliban dynamite in Afghanistan, and when Iraqi museums and sites were ransacked and looted providing two of the most recent and vivid examples of destroyed heritage in the so-called War on Terror which was launched by the U.S. government after 9/11. Following the destruction at Baal-Shamin, UNESCO declared that the deliberate destruction of Syria's cultural heritage was a war crime, and put into motion several projects and actions aimed at preserving endangered Syrian archaeological heritage. At the same time, alongside income gained from the sale of drug and weapons, the trafficking of antiquities from Syria and Iraq worldwide provided a major source of revenue for Daesh.
The rights of reproducing Cultural Heritage in the digital Era. An Italian Perspective
Authors: Palombini Augusto
Published: September 2020

The spread of digital technology has led to a renewed phase within the debate on property rights in Cultural Heritage reproduction.

This topic is addressed in different ways, but it is currently under discussion both in Europe and USA. Italy holds a particular position in this debate, due to its large concentration of ancient remains and the peculiar structure of its laws.

The interesting experiments of total open access to Cultural Heritage reproduction on the one hand, and claims of the State Administration for control of Cultural Heritage exploitation and a consequent income (in any sense) on the other, are equally valid arguments. At the same time the blurred distinction between the concepts of ‘reconstruction’ and ‘reproduction’, of ‘personal’ and ‘commercial’ use, and the philosophical and mathematical difficulties in defining what is exactly a ‘copy’ in the digital context, make the matter harder.

The paper aims to analyse this debate, and to make a contribution to a new method of considering the economic dimension of Cultural Heritage, taking into account international discussion, while focusing on the situation in Italy, and trying to sum up the needs of the different subjects involved while expressing a proposal to resolve the problem.
Keyphrase Graph in Text Representation for Document Similarity Measurement
Authors: Huynh ThanhThuong T. , Phamnguyen TruongAn , Do Nhon V.
Published: September 2020

To represent the text document more expressively, a kind of graph-based semantic model is proposed, in which more semantic information among keyphrases as well as the structural information of the text are incorporated. The method produces structured representations of texts by utilizing common, popular knowledge bases (e.g. DBpedia, Wikipedia) to acquire fine-grained information about concepts, entities, and their semantic relations, thus resulting in a knowledge-rich interpretation. We demonstrate the benefits of these representations in the task of document similarity measurement. Relevance evaluation between two documents is done by calculating the semantic similarity between two keyphrase graphs that represent them. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms standard baselines based on traditional document representations, and able to come close in performance to the specialized methods particularly tuned to this task on the specific dataset.
Influence of Spatial Layout on Wayfinding Behaviour in Hospital Environment in Nigeria
Authors: Ahmed Salawu , Muhammad Isa Bala , Isa Abdul Anakobe , Sani Momoh Ajanaku
Published: September 2020

Many studies have shown that wayfinding is affected by the familiarity of subjects with the environment. Wayfinding difficulties are caused due to the complexities of building configuration and evolving spaces that emerge over time in response to operational needs and change which results in disorientation, uncertainty, anxiety, frustration, and stress. Alarge hospital environment greatly influences the wayfinding behaviour of newcomers,which could be stressful and intimidating for them. This study explores the wayfinding behaviour of unfamiliar users in the acquisition of knowledge of the environment with the aim to improve wayfinding competence in hospitals. The study was carried out at Jos University Teaching Hospital (JUTH), situated in the Plateau State of Nigeria.The methods used for data collection were walking-with observation, verbal protocol and a semi-structured interview.These methods indicated the participants’level of wayfinding performance during the navigation aimed to find the desired destination. The respondents, n 16 (8 male and 8 female),were purposively sampled and observed through behavioural mapping. Additionally, 24 respondents were separately interviewed in order to triangulate the findings of behavioural mapping. The findings revealed that the majority (62.5%) of respondents found the building layout complex to navigate due to their spatial similarities.Additionally, the wayfinding experience of the majority (95.8%) of respondents in the hospital was established to be difficult and stressful. Also, the result proved that 60% of female wayfinders were more prone to wayfinding errors than male wayfinders in finding their way to the desired destination due to the complexity of the building layout. The study recommends that building configuration design in hospitals should be organised in a simple way and it should be constantly reviewed as new spaces evolve.The implication calls for an improved design which remains distinctive and a well-linked layout that facilitates effective and efficient wayfinding for unfamiliar users in a safe and satisfactory manner.
RELIABILITAS INSTRUMEN KUALITAS E-LEARNING MENGGUNAKAN TEORI WHYTE & BYTHEWAY DAN WEBQUL 4.0
Authors: Kesuma Lucky Indra
Published: September 2020

Sistem e-learning dikembangkan dengan tujuan untuk mengakomodir kebutuhan proses akademik di Universitas Sriwijaya, namun seiring dengan pentignya peranan dari sistem, evaluasi terhadap efektivitas dari pemanfaatan sistem tersebut masih belum maksimal. Sehingga timbul kebutuhan untuk melakukan pemantauan untuk memastikan efektifitas dari fungsi sistem e-learning tersebut melalui evaluasi yang sistematis. Salah satu metodologi yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan evaluasi yang didasarkan pada kerangka kerja Whyte & Bytheway. Kerangka kerja ini menawarkan pendekatan evaluasi sistem yang menekankan pada tiga unsur elemen utama yang relevan, yaitu produk, layanan, dan proses, pada penelitian ini hanya dua elemen yang digunakan yaitu produk dan layanan. Pada penelitian ini juga akan menggunakan metode WebQual 4.0. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengujian reliabitias terhadap variabel atau indikator yang akan dijadikan alat ukur untuk mengevaluasi e-learning. Hasil dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat dijadikan studi pendahuluan untuk evaluasi implementasi sistem e-learning dengan menggunakan kerangka kerja Whyte & Bytheway dan WebQual 4.0. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan interpretasi data dapat disimpulkan seluruh atribut-atribut pada kuisioner evaluasi implementasi e-learning menggunakan kerangka kerja Whte & Bytheway dan Webqual 4.0 dapat dikatakan reliabel atau terpercaya.
A BASIC REVIEW ON MICRO EMULSION AS A DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM.
Authors: Saifi Alfisha , Kapil Kumar  , Deepak Teotia
Published: September 2020

Lipid dosage forms are attractive delivery systems for hydrophobic drug molecules. Emulsion is one of the popular system since many decades. Pharmaceutical applications of emulsions widened especially after micro emulsion emergence. Now a day Microemulsion is an emerging trade and having worldwide importance in a variety of technological applications. These applications include enhanced oil recovery, combustion, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, metal cutting, lubrication, food, enzymatic catalysis, organic and bio-organic reactions, chemical synthesis of nanoparticles etc. This review article deals with feature and application of microemulsion. a brief introduction and definition, structure, type, formation characteristics, stability, phase behavior and the effect of additives, pressure, temperature on the phase behavior of microemulsion . In addition to oral and intravenous delivery, they are amenable for sustained and targeted delivery through ophthalmic, dental, pulmonary, vaginal and topical routes. Microemulsions are experiencing a very active development as reflected by the numerous publications and patents being granted on these systems. They have been used to improve the oral bioavailability of various poorly soluble drugs including cyclosporine.

Keywords: Microemulsion, Self micro emulsifying system, poor soluble, thermodynamically stable, Sustained & Controlled release, Drug delivery.
Foodspace. Leggere le trasformazioni territoriali attraverso lo spazio del cibo: il caso Veneto
Authors: De Marchi Marta
Published: September 2020

I sistemi agroalimentari al contempo trasformano i territori di riferimento e si adattano ad essi e alle loro configurazioni urbane. Leggere queste interdipendenze risulta cruciale in termini di spazio e occupazione del suolo, soprattutto alla luce della scala globale di molte filiere del cibo. Il Veneto si offre come caso paradigmatico dei territori a diffusione urbana europei, in cui gli spazi della produzione, della distribuzione e del consumo di cibo sono in prossimità fisica tra loro.
Il Meccanismo Europeo di Stabilità ‘alla prova' del futuro dell'Unione europea. Parlamenti (ancora) assenti nelle condizionalità macroeconomiche?
Authors: de Crescenzo Armando
Published: September 2020

Il lavoro inquadra la genesi e la governance del Meccanismo Europeo di Stabilità (MES), anche in relazione all'ordinamento costituzionale, più di recente oggetto di un acceso dibattito pubblico sia con riguardo alle sue modifiche, quanto al suo impiego per risolvere la crisi sanitaria che ha investito la zona euro a dieci anni di distanza dalla crisi economica iniziata nel 2008. Nell'ambito delle numerose problematiche giuridiche che pone il MES, ci si concentra sul funzionamento delle condizionalità previste dal Trattato, l'impatto sull'indirizzo politico nazionale e il deficit di democraticità che si registra in questi meccanismi intergovernativi. Bisognerebbe chiedersi se sia realmente questa l'idea di Unione Europea auspicata dai padri fondatori e se siano maturi i tempi per operare una vera (e significativa) svolta, indispensabile per la sopravvivenza stessa del progetto europeo.
Anatomy of social security contribution evasion in Italy
Authors: Alfano Vincenzo
Published: September 2020

This work presents an estimate of social security contribution evasion (SSCE) for different job categories and job sectors in Italy, among 1995 and 2016. The evasion is computed as share of the work-force that did not pay social security contribution, not as monetary evasion. The author finds a stationary trend in the size of the SSCE over time, and some significative differences in the different sectors and in the different Italian regions. The average SSCE for Italy in the 1995-2016 period is 0.149, an evasion of around 15 percent of the workforce in the social security contributions of a representative sample of Italian population, calculated on over 26,000 observations. SSCE is a well-known issue all around the world. It is a highly sensitive topic, and it is been suggested that given the aging of the population and the increasing flexibility of the work, its importance is going to increase. It is particularly interesting in a country such as Italy, where there is a huge underground economy that affects the country. Even though economists have studied the determinant and the effect of tax evasion (Allingham and Sandmo, 1972) since half a century, very few works have specifically focused on the implication of contribution evasion for social security schemes (Bailey, 2001; McGillivray, 2002) and on the determinants of contribution evasion (Bailey, 1997), especially with a quantitative approach. This work aims to contribute to the literature on SSCE, which has his own specificities that makes it different from tax evasion, offering a series of descriptive statistics on SSCE in Italy in the last twenty years. The two main goals of this study are to estimate SSCE in Italy for the different job categories, in different work sectors and in all the Italian regions between 1995 and 2016 and to provide some insights about the main causes of SSCE. In a nutshell, the findings of the author show that the highest SSCE is among self-employed and temporary worker active in the household services, building and agriculture sectors. Instead for the geographical distribution concerns, Southern Italian regions register a higher SSCE than Centre and North of Italy. The trend over the period 1998-2016 of SSC evasion is pretty much stable, while there is a gap with the 1995 estimate.
Regolazione salariale e sistemi retributivi: il caso delle Utility in Italia
Authors: Peiti Claudia , Vignocchi Cesare
Published: September 2020

Great Recession has put pressure on wage regulation systems in Italian industries, creating a significant differentiation that leaded to a divergence in terms of wage dynamics, which contrasts with the common trend recorded in the previous decade. At the same time, with the new mechanism linked to the net HICP and introduced in 2009 to regulate contractual renewals, there has been a constant overestimation of future inflation. In assessing this evidence, should be considered not only the alleged escaped risks of a deflationary spiral, but also the actual risks that have arisen in terms of competitiveness deficits. In this paper, the authors explore wage regulation in a long-term perspective, analyzing trends over the past twenty years. Limits and potentials of national statistics are underlined, showing the advantages of further sectoral surveys. This is the case of the survey issued by Utilitalia (Industrial Association of Public Utilities), used here to analyze pay systems on three economic sectors of primary interest: Electricity, Gas-Water and Environmental Services. It is also an example of how detailed data can be used to create a management tool for companies.
Miti che curano. Il ruolo della memoria religiosa nella psicologia analitica di Carl Gustav Jung
Authors: Dell'Amico Shady
Published: September 2020

Nel seguente articolo vorrei analizzare filosoficamente in quali termini la psicologiaanalitica di Carl Gustav Jung si ponga come erede della tradizione spirituale occidentale,addirittura come un "cristianesimo post-religioso". Nel farlo vorrei anzitutto evidenziare irapporti fra la tradizione ebraico-cristiana e la psicologia analitica, valutando il peso specificoche Jung attribuisce alla memoria religiosa e alla sua capacità terapeutica di fornire un canale diespressione alle forze agenti nell'uomo. Metterò in luce come lo psichiatra svizzero ritengaopportuna una ri-formulazione dello scenario mitico tradizionale così da offrire una baseimmaginale all'esternazione dei processi psichici dell'occidentale moderno. Cercherò in questomodo di mostrare come per Jung «la perdita delle radici e l'abbandono della tradizionenevrotizzino le masse e le predispongano all'isteria collettiva» (Jung 1982).
La connessione analitica: riflessioni sul setting online.
Authors: Tabasso Caterina
Published: September 2020

Il lavoro cerca di offrire alcune riflessioni, da una prospettiva del tutto personale e basata sull'esperienza, sulla prassi della psicoterapia online. In apertura viene proposto un breve riassunto del dibattito italiano degli ultimi 17 anni sulla psicoterapia via internet. Due fattori vengono quindi enfatizzati quali binari di sviluppo della terapia online: l'impatto e l'influenza crescenti di internet nella vita di tutti, e l'importanza dell'alleanza e relazione terapeutiche rispetto ad altri fattori  in psicoterapia. Infine, vengono descritte alcune indicazioni sulla cura del setting online, sia rispetto  allo spazio analitico che alla dinamica della seduta. Tra queste, si trovano sia raccomandazioni di ordine pratico che inerenti alla tecnica. Viene in chiusura suggerita l'inclusione del tema della terapia a distanza nei programmi di training analitico.
The Metaphor of Dissociation: Teleological, Phenomenological, Structural, Dynamical
Authors: Nijenhuis Ellert R.S.
Published: September 2020

Dissociation as used in psychology and psychiatry is a troubled conceptual metaphor. The main problems include conflicting definitions and a lack of internal consistency of some of these formulations. Trying to mend the situation, Van der Hart, Nijenhuis and Steele (2006) revisited Janet's original definition of dissociation, and referred to it as "structural dissociation of the personality". This term is not meant to suggest that "structural dissociation" involves a particular kind of dissociation as is sometimes thought. To prevent or repair further misunderstanding, in the present article I highlight four inherent features of dissociation of the personality: teleological, phenomenological, structural, and dynamical. The article alsoaims to bridge some metaphors that are commonly described and understood as dichotomies, implying dualisms that plague philosophy, science, and clinical practice. For example, personality is understood as an organism-environment system, involving subjects and "objects" (that may be other subjects) as co-dependent and co-constitutive partners. Regarding matter (brain/body) and mind as attributes of one substance reflects an attempt to avoid the problems of philosophical (substance) dualism, as well as the one-sidedness of philosophical materialism and idealism. The generation, maintenance, and elaboration ofdissociation is analyzed in terms of causing, that is, the mutual manifestation of a network of reciprocal powers. The joint analyses involve an enactive approach to life, and intend to achieve further conceptual clarity and consistency of the metaphor of dissociation.
La relazione terapeutica: quando una relazione diventa veicolo di cambiamento?
Authors: Lingiardi Vittorio , Di Cicilia Giuseppe
Published: September 2020

Cosa fa di una "relazione" una relazione che cura? La ricerca sul funzionamento e l'efficacia della psicoterapia, in termini sia clinici (effectiveness) sia statistici (efficacy), continua a rappresentare uno dei temi principali della letteratura scientifica. Inizialmente studiata solo in ambito psicoanalitico, negli ultimi anni la relazione terapeutica è stata approfondita anche da altre prospettive teoriche. Alleanza terapeutica, azione terapeutica, relazione reale, transfert, risposte emotive del terapeuta, caratteristiche del paziente, caratteristiche del terapeuta, attaccamento, sistemi motivazionali interpersonali: sono questi alcuni degli ingredienti attivi della situazione clinica. Oggi tutti concordano nell'affermare che la relazione terapeutica è il prodotto dell'incontro tra due soggettività, quella del paziente e quella del terapeuta. La diade terapeutica si ritrova costantemente a co-costruire lo spazio della cura in un'ottica bi-personale. In questo contributo verranno presentati e discussi gli aspetti principali che caratterizzano la relazione terapeutica in una prospettiva d'integrazione tra ricerca empirica e pratica clinica.
Some Constraints in Using ICT and its Impact on EFL Teachers in Saudi Arabia
Authors: A. Al-Main Dr. Yousef Hamad
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, our world is experiencing a technological revolution and witnessing an explosion in the field of information and communication. The use of technology in English education is one of the developments associated with this contemporary scientific and technological advance. This paper discusses some issues which Saudi English teachers encounter in using technology in teaching English subjects at intermediate schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Taking a qualitative approach, the researcher focuses on the status of using technology in two intermediate schools. A discrepancy is found between intention and practice. During investigations and observations throughout the district, the researcher could not find a language laboratory in government intermediate schools. In this paper, the researcher will discuss three issues respectively as follows: teacher resistance, lack of training and self-confidence, and financial obstacles.
Integrating Affordable Housing with Transit: Where are the Transit Deserts?
Authors: Chen Peng , Deng Jihao
Published: September 2020

This study analyzed transit deserts in Seattle using spatial principal component analysis. We ranked factors related to transit deserts and incorporated the spatial and temporal features of transit services. We found that transit access was the main factor that contributed to transit deserts. We identified clustered and scattered transit deserts. The clustered ones were in dense areas outside of transit corridors, and the scattered ones were located across low-density areas. These findings imply that transit planning and affordable housing should be integrated, and that micro-transit can fulfill the mobility needs of people living in transit deserts.
Peran Mediasi Competitive Advantage Pada Pengaruh Antara Learning Orientation Dengan Organization Performance
Authors: Kadarusman Kadarusman , Mauludin Hanif
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji peran dari competitive advantage sebagai variabel median pada pengaruh antara learning orientation dengan organization performance. Penelitian dilakukan pada UKM (Usaha Kecil Menengah) di Kota Malang sebanyak 150 UKM dan dari kuesioner yang disebarkan yang layak di analisis sebanyak 134 kuesioner, yang dianalisis menggunakan program SmartPls 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh antara learning orientation terhadap organization performance pada total effects menunjukan nilai β = 0,511 dengan nilai t = 7,370 > 1,86 (t tabel α = 5%) secara statistik berpengruh dan signifikan.  Learning orientation juga berpengaruh positif terhadap competitive advantage dengan koefisien β = 0,670 dan nilai t = 7.889 > 1,86 (t tabel α = 5%). Competitive advantage juga berpengaruh positif terhadap organization performance dengan β = 0,248 dan nilai t = 2,501 > 1,86 (t tabel dengan α = 5%). Competitive advantage terbukti memediasi pengaruh antara learning organization terhadap organization performance dengan nilai koefisien β pada total effects sebesar  0,511 dan nilai t = 7,370 > 1,86 (t tabel pada α = 5%) dengan sifat mediasi parsial.
Faktor Pengaruh Tingkat Kepuasan Kinerja Pramugari Perusahaan Transportasi Bis Joglosemar (PT. Sejahtera AO Kencana Sakti)
Authors: Prabowo Wahyu Adi , Romadlon Fauzan
Published: September 2020

Aktivitas perusahaan yang cepat menimbulkan sebuah iklim lingkungan yang ketat dan bahkan keras, sehingga diperlukan sebuah motivasi kerja yang baik. Peranan motivasi kerja sangat mempengaruhi dalam pencapaian tujuan sebuah organisasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kepuasan kerja berdasarkan faktor aspek gaji, pengembangan diri(karir), kebijakan pimpinan, hubungan rekan kerja, loyalitas, dan prestasi pada divisi pramugari di perusahaan transportasi bis Joglosemar. Data dalam penelitian ini diolah dengan menggunakan skala likert yang digunakan untuk mengukut kepuasan kinerja pramugari bis joglosemar, lalu dianalisa dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif untuk membandingkan dengan teori kepuasan kerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepuasan kerja pramugari bis joglosemar cenderung rendah. Untuk nilai tertinggi adalah aspek hubungan rekan kerja dan nilai yang terendah adalah gaji dan pengambangan diriv (karir). Hasil penelitian juga membuktikan bahwa akibat dari rendahnya kepuasan kerja mengakibatkan adanya sebuah penyimpangan kerja yang dilakukan oleh pramugari bis, yaitu dengan menaikkan penumpang secara ilegal.
Daniel Vetter – drukarz leszczyński w świetle badań Alodii Kaweckiej-Gryczowej i najnowszych odkryć
Authors: Rott Dariusz
Published: September 2020

The author concentrates on the research performed by A. KaweckaGryczowa on the life and activities of Daniel Vetter (1592 – c. 1669), who earned fame by travelling to Iceland (1613) and publishing a report from the journey (first published in Polish in Leszno in 1638). Professor Kawecka-Gryczowa’s findings were published in her article ‘Leszno – ośrodek wydawniczy Jednoty’ (Leszno: A Printing Centre of the Jednota), which appeared in the periodical „Odrodzenie i Reformacja” in 1964; the same article was reprinted in her collected papers: Z dziejów polskiej książki w okresie Renesansu. Studia i materiały (Studies and Materials on the History of the Polish Book during the Renaissance). This article was the first attempt at a monographic approach towards the activities of the Leszno printing shop by a Polish scholar, moreover it encompassed a list of the printed materialsstemming from Leszno. Kawecka-Gryczowa devoted a lot of attention to the person of Daniel Vetter, who directed the aforementioned printing house during the years 1632–1656, basing on his biography and typographical achievements.
Factors in the Relationship Between Optimal CO2 Emission and Optimal Cost of the RC Frames
Authors: Mottaghi Lida , Izadifard Ramezan Ali , Kaveh Ali
Published: September 2020

Nowadays, reduction of greenhouse gases emissions from the construction industry is seriously under investigation. The aim of this study is to investigate the various effective factors on the relationship between optimal cost and optimal carbon dioxide emissions of the reinforced concrete structures with nonlinear structural behavior. A four-story reinforced concrete frame is designed for various peak ground accelerations (PGAs) and all ductility classes according to Iran’s seismic resistant design-2800 code, as well as for different concrete classes. The frames are optimally designed according to ACI 318-08 and FEMA codes. The results of optimal designs show that the design of structures with medium and high ductility class produces less cost and CO2 emissions than the low ductility class. On the other hand, the relationship between cost and CO2 emissions shows that in the low ductility class, increasing the percentage of the optimal cost can greatly reduce the amount of CO2 emissions. PGA design has a significant effect on reducing optimal cost and CO2 emissions. Especially in the low ductility class, reducing this parameter can greatly decrease the amount of the objective functions. Also, the use of concrete with low class can reduce the cost and CO2 emissions but the effect of this parameter in the objective is very small.