bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methods for Determination of Meropenem Concentration in Biological Samples
Authors: Rancic Aleksandar
Published: April 2022

Measuring the concentration of antibiotics in biological samples allow implementation of therapeutic monitoring of these drugs and contribute to the adjustment of the dosing regimen in patients. This increases the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy, reduces the toxicity of these drugs and prevents the development of bacterial resistance. This review article summarizes current knowledge on methods for determining concentration of meropenem, an antibiotic drug from the group of carbapenems, in different biological samples. It provides a brief discussion of the chemical structure, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of meropenem, different sample preparation techniques, use of apparatus and equipment, knowledge of the advantages and limitations of available methods, as well as directions in which new methods should be developed. This review should facilitate clinical laboratories to select and apply one of the established methods for measuring of meropenem, as well as to provide them with the necessary knowledge to develop new methods for quantification of meropenem in biological samples according to their needs.
KAJIAN POLA CURAH HUJAN DURASI PANJANG TERKAIT DENGAN WAKTU KEJADIAN BANJIR DI KABUPATEN ACEH UTARA
Authors: Azwar Azwar , Meilianda Ella , Masimin Masimin
Published: April 2022

North Aceh Regency almost every year experiences flooding due to heavy rains, both due to rain in the area and flooding of shipments due to heavy rains in neighboring districts namely Bener Meriah. Judging from the time of the incident, heavy rains always occur in the final months of each year. The duration of rainfall is two, namely: (a) short duration and (b) long duration. The second limit is the duration of rain 24 hours (1 day), so that the duration of rainfall is long if the time of occurrence is longer than 24 hours. For tropical climates such as the Aceh region known to experience two seasons, namely: a) the rainy season and b) the dry season in terms of climatology, the rainy season is identical to the occurrence of flooding. The dry season or rainy season are related to the time of year, for example the flood season occurs in the final months of each year, the dry season occurs in the middle of the year, especially for the North Aceh region. The objectives of this study are (a) to obtain information on the relatively heavy rainfall distribution pattern for long duration rainfall events, namely 1-day, 3-day, 5-day and 7-daily. (b) Knowing the timing of flood events is calculated based on the movement of the sun. The data used is daily rainfall data obtained from the Lhokseumawe Meteorological Station from 1986 to 2016. The results of the analysis are to find out the maximum rainfall for 1-day, 3-day, 5-day, and 7 daily. Because what was investigated was the pattern of rain, the partial series method was used, namely the possibility of some data being taken in one year. The results of processing data show that the highest incidence of 1-day maximum rainfall occurs in the IV quadrant or week 52 which is equal to 45.9%, in this case the highest number of flood events will occur when the sun moves towards the south. To identify heavy rain events that can cause flooding based on station rainfall data correlated with debits recorded on AWLR (Automatic Water Level Recorder). From the results of the identification that there was an increase in river discharge in November and December.
ANALISIS WASTE MENGGUNAKAN METODE VALUE STREAM ANALYSIS TOOLS PADA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT RSUD PIDIE JAYA
Authors: Situmeanga Sheragizca Yolanda , Afifuddin Muhammad , Rani Hafnidar A.
Published: April 2022

Construction project is a long process activity where the researcher finds obstacles which cannot be separated from the used resources. Everything in the projects which may add the needed costs called by the term waste. In the project implementation of Regional Public Hospital (IGD) construction project in Pidie Jaya, there was a significant delay in the project schedule which could be caused by several things which may  lead the project into waste construction. This is the main reason why does the Value stream analysis tools (VALSAT) method was used during the research in order to identify the cause of occuring waste. This goal of this research is to identify the waste which potentially occure during the  Regional Public Hospital (IGD) project in Pidie Jaya. Besides, this research is also determine the grade and tool waste by using the VALSAT. Based on the literature review, there are 8 wate categories  which could be reviewed based on materials, labor and tools used during the project. The identified waste data are obtained by the interview conducted to 4 respondents and questionaire with 15 respondents and handed out to contratctors. Based on the result and data processing which using descriptive analysis, it can be concluded that the most influential waste on the project was waste waiting and waste overprocessing which obtain a value of 5 and cause the excessive effects on the project. Furthermore, the result of the grade analysis and tool waste determination by using the VALSAT method produced a process Acivity Mapping to analyze the occuring waste that occurs with a total score of 135.
SELECTION OF AMMONIA AND TSS REMOVAL IN EFFLUENT WATER FROM DURI KOSAMBI IPLT USING ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP)
Authors: Hilmi Farhan Muhammad , Aryanto Reifaldy Tsany Betta , Handayani Sri Dewi , Priutama Yesaya Emeraldy , Rahmalia Intan , Sofiyah Evi Siti , Sarwono Ariyanti , Suryawan I Wayan Koko
Published: April 2022

The ammonia and total suspended solids (TSS) content in the wastewater of IPLT Duri Kosambi Jakarta City still does not meet the standard. It requires further processing that needs to be applied. The three treatments that are used as alternatives are GAC Adsorption, Zeolite Adsorption, and Built-Up Wetlands. The purpose of this study is to analyze the best alternative suitable for use as advanced processing in IPLT DuriKosambi with analysis of decision-making analysis. Analysis decision-making is carried out using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) using four criteria: construction costs, TSS removal efficiency, ammonia removal efficiency, and Human Resources (HR) requirements. The highest scores of the GAC Adsorption, Zeolite Adsorption, and Constructed Wetland alternatives were 0.41; 0.30l, and 0.28. So that the GAC unit is the unit selected based on the criteria set in the AHP criteria.
The principle of mutual recognition: from the internal market
to the European area of freedom, security and justice
Authors: GROZA Anamaria
Published: April 2022

The principle of mutual recognition represents one of the brilliant creations of the
Court of Justice of the European Union, which has significantly contributed to the
achievement of the free movement of goods, in the absence of the approximation of national
laws, and which is impressive even today by its depth and vocation to extend to new fields of
European integration. Mutual recognition is one of the efficient solutions in order to have
unity in diversity and also common objectives to reach. We find the principle of mutual
recognition in the sphere of the fundamental freedoms of the internal market and in very
different domains of the internal market too. Judicial cooperation in civil and criminal
matters uses this principle in order to ensure the free movement of judgements and the
effectiveness of criminal proceedings. The application of the principle in very different fields
has illustrated its utility, as well as the particularities of each area. By observing these
particularities, we can better understand the European integration specificity in various
fields and its challenges. Our research is descriptive, explanatory and comparative, being
accompanied by the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI NILAI PERUSAHAAN PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI
Authors: Rizka Kevin Muhammad , Jonnardi Jonnardi
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan dan mengkaji secara empiris pengaruh profitabilitas, struktur modal, ukuran perusahaan dan pertumbuhan perusahaan terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan tingkat suku bunga sebagai variabel moderasi pada perusahaan non-bank yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2014 – 2018. Penelitian ini bersifat kuantitatif dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling. Pengolahan data menggunakan Regresi Linear Berganda dan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) melalui aplikasi eviews 10. Analisis pengujian hipotesis dilakukan secara parsial dan simultan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Profitabilitas dengan proksi Ln(EBIT) dan ROA, Struktur Modal dengan proksi LTDER berpengaruh secara signifikan dan positif terhadap nilai perusahaan; (2) Ukuran Perusahaan dengan proksi Ln(Total Asset), Pertumbuhan Perusahaan dengan proksi Ln(Net Equity) berpengaruh secara signifikan dan negatif terhadap nilai perusahaan; (3) Struktur Modal dengan proksi LTDFAR, Pertumbuhan Perusahaan dengan proksi Ln(Sales) tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan dan positif terhadap nilai perusahaan; (4) Ukuran Perusahaan dengan proksi Ln(Total Employees) tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan dan negatif terhadap nilai perusahaan; (5) Tingkat suku bunga memperlemah hubungan antara Profitabilitas dengan proksi Ln(EBIT) dan ROA, Struktur Modal dengan proksi LTDER terhahap nilai perusahaan; (6) Tingkat suku bunga memperkuat hubungan antara Struktur Modal dengan proksi LTDFAR terhahap nilai perusahaan.
THE INFLUENCE OF SOAKING DURATION OF ARTIFICIAL CHITOSAN FROM BY PRODUCT FROZENING SHRIMP ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF FRESH QUALITY TILAPIA (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Diana Ayu , Yusfiani Marnida , Anshori Anggi
Published: April 2022

One of the problems that often arise in the fisheries sector is to maintain quality. Chitosan as a natural preservative is an alternative because it is synthesized from shrimp shells and from invertebrate animal shells. Shrimp shell containing chemical compounds chitin and chitosan is a waste that is easily obtained and available in large quantities, which has not been utilized optimally, therefore it is necessary to utilize shrimp waste into chitosan as a preservation of freshness quality in tilapia. Realizing healthy food ingredients and types of preservation that are safe for the human body is the first step to improve a better quality of life. This study aims to determine the benefits of artificial chitosan as a preservative to improve the quality of freshness in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The method in this research is an experimental method by preserving tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with different immersion times of artificial chitosan. The design carried out was a completely randomized non-factorial design. The observed parameters were the organoleptic test, the TVB test, and the test of the peroxide results from all tests showing that three hours of submersion was better than 1 and 2 hours of substation, all in relation to 7, 9 and 11 hours of observation. A seventh-hour observation is picking up no difference between 1, 2 and 3 hours of submersion.
OPTIMIZATION OF COGENT PLANT STEAM SUPPLY INTEGRATED WITH PLC CONTROL SYSTEM IN PT. MNA KUALA TANJUNG
Authors: Agussyah Putra Dedy , Harahap Muchsin
Published: April 2022

Economic dispatch is often used in general to solve the problem of optimizing the fuel consumption of the electric power system, which focuses on developing optimization methods for a generation system. SCADA/PLC is used so that Economic Dispatch can run in real time on a system. In this research, an automation system will be designed that integrates Economic Dispatch into PLC in a generating system of 3 production boilers operating simultaneously (Cogent System) which aims to ensure that the Economic Dispatch system can run in real time. The simulation results show that the Economic Dispatch program on the PLC can run well. In the simulation of a steam load of 76 MT, the optimal value for boiler 1 is 45 MT and for boiler 3 it is 31 MT while in boiler 2 it is 0 MT, with the opportunity to save boiler fuel use by 16.8% and steam production cost can be reduced by 10% from its initial value.
ICT tools for remote teaching and learning mathematics: A proposal for autonomy and engagements
Authors:   Department of STEAM Education, School of Education, Kathmandu University, Hattiban, Lalitpur, Nepal, Dahal Niroj , Manandhar Netra Kumar ,   Department of STEAM Education, School of Education, Kathmandu University, Hattiban, Lalitpur, Nepal, Luitel Laxman ,   Department of STEAM Education, School of Education, Kathmandu University, Hattiban, Lalitpur, Nepal, Luitel Bal Chandra ,   Department of STEAM Education, School of Education, Kathmandu University, Hattiban, Lalitpur, Nepal, Pant Binod Prasad ,   Department of STEAM Education, School of Education, Kathmandu University, Hattiban, Lalitpur, Nepal, Shrestha Indra Mani ,   Department of STEAM Education, School of Education, Kathmandu University, Hattiban, Lalitpur, Nepal
Published: April 2022

This paper explores the paradigm shift in using ICT tools while teaching mathematics remotely within the TPACK framework. Remote teaching is not only one of the primary modes of teaching and learning in the present context throughout the world but the transition from paper to the digital world, where mathematics teachers struggle to visualize the content concisely and clearly. This paper focuses on promoting pedagogy and learning and learner empowerment by emphasizing autonomy and engagement rather than technology. The ethos of this paper is all about encouraging the mathematics teachers to promote the students for quality engagement while teaching remotely. However, all the remotely leading ICT tools require some techniques and methodologies, thereby the mathematics teachers' skill, experience, and expertise. Those skills, experiences, and expertise will be developed by excelling in mathematics teachers' ICT tools. This paper shall be one of the guiding principles for mathematics teachers (but not limited to) while dealing with the mathematics content remotely and/or in any other mode.
THE USE OF SPENT BLEACHING EARTH (SBE) AS AN ADSORBENT TO REDUCE FREE FATTY ACIDS IN WASTE COOKING OIL
Authors: Maharani Dianindita Rizki , Ruhiyat Ratnaningsih , Iswanto Bambang , Juliani Any
Published: April 2022

High free fatty acids in waste cooking oil can interfere with the re-use of the cooking oil. Therefore, the absorption technique is one way that can reduce the free fatty acids contained in waste cooking oil. Aim: The purpose of this study is to find out the ability of Reactivated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE) to adsorb free fatty acids contained in waste cooking oil to be biodiesel products. In this study, waste cooking oil was collected from fried food sellers in Bekasi, while spent bleaching earth (SBE)-one of the solid wastes produced by refinery oil palm industry as an adsorbent-was from the palm oil industry PT X. For Reactivated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE), the redundant used 0.7 M HNO3. To obtain the optimum products, The redundant applied the variation of time (i.e., 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes) and concentration (6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, and 18%). Methodology and results: Results indicated that the time variation of temperature 90 minutes were the maximum and the concentration of 15% were the optimal combination to reduce free fatty acids 0.65%. Conclusion, significance, and impact of study: The values of water and ash contents of RSBE also meet the quality standard as activated carbon and can be used as an adsorbent for the purification of waste cooking oil. The oil content in SBE is less than 3% and is considered not to be a toxic hazardous waste. Therefore, it can be reused without pre-treatment. In addition, the redundant found that there were changes pore on the surface of the SBE, both activated and not activated. To conclude, SBE can be used as an absorbent to absorb the fatty acids in waste cooking oil.
Automatic routing of vessels in ice: problem statement and solution tools
Authors:   LLC Bureau Hyperborea, Topaj A.G. , Tarovik O.V. ,   LLC Bureau Hyperborea, Bakharev A.A. ,   LLC Bureau Hyperborea
Published: April 2022

Development of the applied solutions to optimize ship path in dynamic ice environment is one of the urgent problems due to the ongoing growth of Arctic shipping. Ice routing makes it possible to increase the efficiency of sea transportation, reduce the risks of ship operation in ice, and minimize the negative anthropogenic impact on the atmosphere. This article describes in a concentrated form the authors’ experience in this area and presents Boreas, the developed research software application for automatic ice routing. Mathematical formulation of ice routing task is based on a universal economic criterion that allows optimizing not only a trajectory, but also the amount of icebreaker assistance, ship operation modes (astern or bow forward), and some other aspects of ice navigation. Functionality and architecture of the Boreas software allow carrying out various studies in the field of ice routing. The application supports alternative ice data sources and various speed regimes of a ship. It allows using different search algorithms (grid, wave-based, and combined) and considers numerous navigation features (predefined fairways, navigation depths, and restricted areas). As an example of using the Boreas software, we compared the route of Norilskiy Nickel containership from Dudinka to Murmansk on March 19—22, 2018 with several automatically generated routes for various speed regimes. Based on our experience and the results of this study, we can state that the development of applied solutions for Arctic routing is significantly complicated by multiple sources of uncertainty and requires further research. The article formulates a list of scientific and technical problems that need to be solved for the comprehensive understanding and further implementation of ice routing technologies in the practice of ship navigation in the Arctic.
Features of the seismic process in the western part of the Aleutian subduction zone and their possible relationship with climate changes in the Arctic
Authors:   Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladimirova I.S. , Lobkovsky L.I. ,   P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Alekseev D.A. ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Gabsatarov Y.V. ,   Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2022

In the second half of the XX century, there was a pronounced increase in the average annual temperature in the troposphere surface layer of the Russian Arctic region, which led to a scaling-up in the risks of natural disasters associated with the cryolithosphere degradation. Modern integrated studies of the Arctic have revealed a significant influence of geodynamic processes on the permafrost state. Previously, a seismogenic-trigger mechanism of the occurrence of climate warming phases in the Arctic proved to be possible due to strong mechanical disturbances of the marginal region of the Arctic lithosphere, caused by major earthquakes in the Aleutian subduction zone. The authors discuss the features of the seismic cycle in the Aleutian subduction zone, characterized the presence of a pronounced tangential component of the convergence vector of lithospheric plates. The study shows that the orientation of the plate convergence vector relative to subduction zone axis can have a significant impact on the preparation and occurrence of major earthquakes in subduction zones. In particular, the analysis of the seismic activity occurring in the western part of the Aleutian island arc showed that the seismic cycles here are shorter than in the eastern part of the arc. The authors revealed that major earthquakes, repeated in the same areas of the western part of the Aleutian subduction zone, differ both in magnitude and foci length. Taking into account the oblique subduction setting, the authors propose a keyboard model for the generation of major subduction-associated earthquakes as a mechanism potentially capable to explain the reduction in the seismic cycle duration and noticeable differences in the spatial extent and the foci localization of seismic events with similar magnitudes observed in the same segment of the western half of the Aleutian subduction zone.
Life Expectancy in the Russian Arctic: Regional Features and Growth Reserves
Authors:   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Provorova A.A. , Gubina O.V. ,   N. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research
Published: April 2022

To search the reserves for increasing life expectancy in order to achieve the national goal of the Russian Federation is an important scientific task. The aim of the research is to identify regional features of the existing reserves for the growth of the Russian Arctic population life expectancy. A comparative analysis of the population life expectancy of the Russian and foreign Arctic made it possible to reveal the main reasons that determined the modern dynamics of the Arctic population life expectancy. An increase in life expectancy of the Arctic population is associated with a decrease in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and external causes. The authors assess the life expectancy reserves of the Arctic regions’ population using the methods for calculating the life expectancy at birth and the eliminated mortality reserves. They carry out the study on the basis of data on the causes of death for 2019 in the Russian Arctic regions, differentiated by sex and age. The main growth reserve of life expectancy is seen in the reduction in the differentiation of life expectancy between the male and female population. An increase in the life expectancy of the male population in the Arctic regions is possible under the condition of a maximum reduction in mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and external causes, mainly in working age. The reserves for the growth of life expectancy of the female population consist not only in reducing mortality from diseases of the circulatory system and neoplasms, especially at a young age, but also in reducing losses from diseases of the digestive system among older age groups.
Technogenic underwater noise as a factor in the environmental safety of maritime transport and industrial activities in the Arctic
Authors:   Krylov State Research Centre, Tarovik V.I. , Savchenko O.V. ,   Krylov State Research Centre, Kutaeva N.G. ,   FSBI “Marine Rescue Service”
Published: April 2022

Technogenic underwater noise is a type of anthropogenic pollution of the marine environment. Offshore oil and gas facilities, transport and icebreaking ships, as well as port infrastructure located in the waters of the Russian shelf and along the Northern Sea Route can be considered as its main sources. The authors conclude it necessary to formulate and implement a Comprehensive Target Program with the purpose of systemic research, regulation and standardization of the underwater noise parameters of various types of marine facilities.
REENGINEERING OF FINANCIAL BUSINESS PROCESSES AS A TOOL FOR OPTIMIZING THE ACTIVITIES OF ORGANIZATIONS
Authors:   Odesа Polytechnic National University, Krasnostanova Nataliia , Maidaniuk Serhii ,   Odesа Polytechnic National University
Published: April 2022

The aim of the work is to form the conceptual components of the reengineering of financial business processes in an organization. Analyzing, systematizing and summarizing the scientific works of many scientists, it should be noted that in order to successfully manage financial flows and their nodes, it is necessary to improve or create effective methods and tools in the organization. One of the methods for managing financial flows is management based on the reengineering of financial business processes. It has been substantiated that financial business processes are a set of one or more interconnected financial procedures / operations (functions) that jointly implement the financial business task of an organization within its organizational structure that describes functional roles and relationships. The paper defines and systematizes the main financial business processes. It is substantiated that the reengineering of financial business processes covers all aspects of financial activity, taking into account the goals of the organization and in accordance with the sensitivity of the market, and the process of its implementation in the organization is also recommended, where at each stage the head of the organization's division decides on the implementation of the next stage. Criteria are formulated (duration of the process; completeness, timeliness of obtaining and reliability of information; laboriousness of the process), advantages (transparency, responsibility, efficiency) and errors of reengineering of financial business processes.The paper substantiates that when reengineering financial business processes, it is effective to use CALS technologies that provide for the organization of a single information space and integrate automated systems designed to effectively solve engineering tasks and plan and manage production and organization resources. The characteristic properties of the CALS technology are determined and it is indicated that the use of CALS technologies allows the organization to improve processes during the business process or product cycle, reduce the timing of the business process and reduce the cost of the business process.
PROFESSIONALISM, PROFESSIONAL CULTURE, PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE AND PROFESSIONAL TRAINING: THE CONCEPT AND FEATURES OF CORRELATION IN LABOR ACTIVITY
Authors:   Ukrainian National Forestry University, Mygal Stanislav , Skrynkovskyy Ruslan ,   Lviv University of Business and Law, Borysenko Olha ,   Ukrainian Academy of Printing, Batkovets Nataliia ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Khmyz Mariana ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: April 2022

The article reveals the essential and content properties and correlation of the concepts of «professionalism», «professional culture», «professional competence» and «professional training» in labor activity. It has been established that professionalism is a key element of labor potential, and a feature of a high level of professionalism of specialists is the acquisition of special knowledge, the acquisition of skills and abilities to effectively perform production tasks in the future according to the level of qualification. It has been established that the level of professionalism affects the formation of professional culture among specialists in the context of professional activities. It was found that the professional culture of a specialist determines the quality and level of professional training and is formed under the influence of such traits as diligence, efficiency, energy, initiative, perseverance, readiness for quick and effective problem solving. It has been determined that one of the main components of the subsystem of professional activity professionalism and an important component of professional culture is professional competence, by which it is advisable to understand a set of qualities, a number of effective means necessary for organizing labor activity at the proper level, as well as a critical attitude to the results obtained based on the results of a collective activities of specialists. It has been established that an important place in the structure of labor activity is occupied by the professional training of a specialist, which is a holistic process of obtaining professional knowledge, as well as skills, acquiring skills that will be used to carry out labor activities. In the perspective of further research, it is recommended to study the tools for assessing professionalism in labor activity.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF STRUCTURING THE PUBLIC SERVICE
Authors:   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs, Lipovska Nataliia , Pashkova Anna ,   Dnipropetrovsk State University of Internal Affairs
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the structuring of the system of public administration in the context of scientific debate about the relationship between political and administrative process of public administration. In terms of this discussion the points of fundamental importance for theory and practice of management, particularly in developed democracies, are as follows: structure of public administration, composition of its elements and their role in management; public service, its scope, interrelation with other categories of employees; the role of administrative staff in the political process; the importance of interaction between public officials and politicians. It is justified that studying the experience of public administration in developed democracies acquires relevance in connection with the spread of European integration and the reform of public administration in accordance with European standards. Implementation of control functions in continental and Anglo-Saxon models of democracy has been considered. It is shown that the most important element of public administration is also coordination of all elements of the management system. Definition of the term "a public servant" used in different countries has been analyzed. It is stated that at the beginning of XXI century the role of public service in these countries has increased with the emergence of new areas of regulation that required the participation of public sector in control actions and in most activities directly. In the presence of numerous "special" characteristics inherent in post-socialist countries or post-colonial systems, as well as "individual" traits peculiar to each state separately, "in general" it is substantial to create a public service that would meet the needs of a particular political and administrative system in the modern conditions of world globalization.
Die Geburt einer Struktur: Zur 60. Wiederkehr der Aufstellung der Azulenformel durch Pfau und Plattner
Authors: Hansen Hans-Jürgen
Published: April 2022

The historical development of research on the blue color of certain fractions of distilled essential oils as such from chamomille, yarrow, wormwood, and many other sources is described. In 1863, Septimus Piesse suggested the name 'azulene', from azure blue, for this blue body
which John Hall Gladstone as the first characterized by its Fraunhofer spectrum. However, it took additional 73 years of research of many famous chemists until Alexander Stanislaus Pfau and Placidus Andreas Plattner in their brilliant work, published in Helvetica Chimica
Acta in 1936, could establish the right structure of vetivazulene and guaiazulene and develop the first synthesis for the parent molecule, nowadays called azulene.
The Discovery of Nonpeptide Endothelin Receptor Antagonists. Progression towards Bosentan
Authors: Neidhart Werner , Breu Volker , Bur Daniel , Burri Kaspar , Clozel Martine , Hirth Georges , Müller Marcel , Wessel Hans P. , Ramuz Henri
Published: April 2022

Since its discovery, endothelin-1 has attracted considerable scientific interest for its extremely potent and long-lasting vasoconstrictor effect and its binding to G-protein-coupled receptors. The endothelins appear to be part of a functional regulatory system in the circulation and strong evidence has accumulated for their involvement in clinical disorders associated with vasoconstriction (e.g. renal failure, congestive heart failure).In a program aimed at identifying nonpeptide ET receptor antagonists, a distinct class of substituted arylsulfonamido pyrimidines was discovered from a chemical substance library. Lead optimization led to orally active antagonists of ETA and ETB receptors possessing mixed or receptor-subtype-selective profiles in the low nanomolar range. From these compounds, the mixed antagonist bosentan was selected for development; it shows efficacy in several pathophysiological models of local and systemic vasoconstriction and promising clinical results in patients suffering from congestive heart failure.Chemical modifications in this structural class in combination with X-ray crystal data analysis for key compounds led to more in-depth understanding of antagonist-receptor interaction. Structural determinants of bosentan binding to the ETA receptor were defined on the molecular level by site-directed mutagenesis experiments. This led to a 3D model of the antagonist binding domain which proved valuable to rationalize structure-activity relationships.
Vitamin Tech Center: Scale-up als Herausforderung
Authors: Hugentobler Max
Published: April 2022

The task of process development is mainly the generation of data required for the construction of a production facility. This consists in both the development of new production processes and the improvement of existing ones. Profitability and product quality, along with safety and ecological
compatibility, play an essential role in the design of the process. In the new Vitamin Tech Center the development begins in the development lab by selecting the optimal procedure for the scale-up, followed by mini-plant and pilot-plant activities. In the mini-plant, modular test facilities
capable of being scaled up are installed on a miniature scale. Unit operations of various technical processes are usually run continuously and the equipment is mainly constructed of glass. The pilot-plant equipment consists of a state-of-the-art facilities made of steel, alloys and glass-lined
steel and corresponds to a small production facility. The amount of material processed in the pilot-plant is about five hundred times that of the development lab. To support all these activities, laboratories for chemical analysis, unit operations, physical property data and materials testing
are available.
Structural insight on the mechanism of an electron-bifurcating [FeFe] hydrogenase
Authors: Furlan Chris , Chongdar Nipa , Gupta Pooja , Lubitz Wolfgang , Ogata Hideaki , Blaza James , Birrell James
Published: April 2022

Electron-bifurcation is a fundamental energy conservation mechanism in nature in which two electrons from an intermediate potential electron donor are split so that one is sent along a high potential pathway to a high potential acceptor and the other is sent along a low potential pathway to a low potential acceptor. This process allows endergonic reactions to be driven by exergonic ones and is an alternative, less recognised, mechanism of energy coupling to the well-known chemiosmotic principle. The electron-bifurcating [FeFe] hydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima (HydABC) requires both NADH and ferredoxin to reduce protons generating hydrogen. The mechanism of electron-bifurcation in HydABC remains enigmatic in spite of intense research efforts over the last few years. Structural information may provide the basis for a better understanding of spectroscopic and functional information. Here, we present a 2.3 Å electron cryo-microscopy structure of HydABC. The structure shows a heterododecamer composed of two independent ‘halves’ each made of two strongly interacting HydABC heterotrimers electrically connected via a [4Fe-4S] cluster. A central electron transfer pathway connects the active sites for NADH oxidation and for proton reduction. We identified two conformations of a flexible iron-sulfur cluster domain: a “closed bridge” and an “open bridge” conformation, where a Zn2+ site may act as a “hinge” allowing domain movement. Based on these structural revelations, we propose a possible mechanism of electron-bifurcation in HydABC where the flavin mononucleotide serves a dual role as both the electron bifurcation center and as the NAD+ reduction/NADH oxidation site.
Medium-density amorphous ice
Authors: Rosu-Finsen Alexander , Davies Michael , Amon Alfred , Sella Andrea , Michaelides Angelos , Salzmann Christoph
Published: April 2022

The amorphous ices govern a wide range of cosmological processes and are potentially key materials for explaining the anomalies of liquid water. A substantial density gap between low-density amorphous (LDA) and the high-density amorphous ices (HDA) with liquid water in the middle is a cornerstone of our current understanding of water. However, here we show that ball milling ‘ordinary’ ice Ih at low temperature gives a structurally distinct medium-density amorphous ice (MDA) within this density gap. These results raise the possibility that MDA is the true glassy state of liquid water or alternatively a heavily sheared crystalline state. Remarkably, the compression of MDA at low temperature leads to a sharp increase of its recrystallization enthalpy highlighting that H2O can be a high-energy geophysical material.
Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Optimization and Multiphase Analysis of Polygon PEM Fuel Cells
Authors: Jabbary Ali , Pourmahmoud Nader , Abdollahi Mir Ali Asghar
Published: April 2022

This article presents new PEM fuel cell models with hexagonal and pentagonal designs. After observing cell performance improvement in these models, we optimized them. Inlet pressure and temperature were used as input parameters, and consumption and output power were the target parameters of the multi-objective optimization algorithm. Then we used artificial intelligence techniques, including deep neural networks and polynomial regression, to model the data. Next, we employed the RSM (Response Surface Method) method to derive the target functions. Furthermore, we applied the NSGA-II multi-objective genetic algorithm to optimize the targets. Compared to the base model (Cubic), the optimized Pentagonal and Hexagonal models averagely increase the output current density by 21.819% and 39.931%, respectively.
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Authors: Prakash Gnana
Published: April 2022

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The long-term impacts of glacier retreat on runoff in the Waitaki Catchment, New Zealand
Authors:   , Borzecki Joanna
Published: April 2022

Runoff from the Waitaki catchment is relied upon for hydroelectricity generation and long-term water storage. The Waitaki catchment holds some of the country’s largest glaciers. Ice melt contributes to runoff, along with snow melt and rainfall. Understanding the implications of climate change and glacier retreat on downstream hydrology is important for long-term water resource planning. Using an enhanced temperature index model coupled with an ice flow model, glacier mass balance within the Waitaki was projected through the 21st century for four future climate scenarios based on CMIP5.

Glacier volume in the Waitaki catchment is projected to decrease over the 21st century for all future climate scenarios by up to 86%. Average ablation is projected to begin earlier in spring and continue later into autumn by the end of the century. Conversely, average accumulation is projected to start later in autumn and end earlier in spring. These shifts become more pronounced with increasing severity of climate change scenarios. The largest increases in average rainfall and ablation are projected to occur in the winter and spring months when runoff is typically at its lowest, as a result of warmer winter temperatures.

Maximum ice melt contributions to runoff, known as peak water, are projected to occur before 2040 in the Waitaki catchment for all future climate scenarios. Before peak water is reached, increases in total ablation may mitigate the frequency and magnitude of low flow events during dry periods, but may also increase flood risks in and around the summer season when rainfall is high. Once peak water passes and ice melt contributions to runoff decrease, extreme low flow events may be more of a concern during dry periods with reduced rainfall.
Comparison of The Effectiveness of Lavender and Lemon Aromatherapy Toward Reducing Pain Labor During Active Phase of First Stage
Authors: Lestari Cahaya Indah , Amilia Rizkia , Rospia Evi Diliana
Published: April 2022

Based on a survey conducted by the City of Mataram in December 2020, there were 15 maternity patients obtained by 9 patients who said that the pain felt like prickling, heat radiated along the waist and lower abdomen, and based on direct observation during the delivery process someone had used lavender aromatherapy to treat pain. overcome pain during childbirth in the city of Mataram so based on these data felt the need to do this research. The purpose is to analyze the relationship of food intake and characteristics pregnant women with incidence of KEK in pregnant women in the town of Mataram city 2020. The type of research used in this study was a quasi-experimental using a non-equivalent control group pretest and posttest research design with the provision that 15 maternity mothers were given lavender aromatherapy and 15 respondents were given lemon aromatherapy. The sampling technique in this study uses total sampling. There was a significant difference before and after being given lavender aromatherapy with p value 0.01 < 0.05, the same result was obtained in the lemon aromatherapy group with p value 0.01 < 0.025. From the posttest results of both groups, it can be concluded that the average decrease in lavender aromatherapy was 0.53 compared to the lemon aromatherapy group, which was 0.3, which means that there was a significant decrease in pain intensity in the lavender aromatherapy group compared to the lemon aromatherapy group. Conclusion there is a Comparison of the Effectiveness of Lavender and Lemon Aromatherapy on Reducing Pain Intensity in Active Phase I Labor.
PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN BAGI GURU TK SANG TIMUR YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Mawarta Y Yohakim , Kartadie Rikie
Published: April 2022

Berdasarkan identifikasi, permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh mitra adalah: Keterbatasan SDM, saat ini TKKsang timur tidak memiliki guru dengan latar belakang pendidikan informatika sehingga untuk kepentinganyang berhubungan dengan pengoperasian computer dan pendidikan computer guru belajar secara autodidak berdasarkan kemampuan masing-masing sehingga jika mengalami kendala belum ada yang bisamemberikan solusi secara cepat. Sedikitnya jumlah Guru yang memiliki kemampuan di bidang teknologiinformasi.Melalui pengabdian ini akan diberikan pelatihan untuk menambah pengetahuan khusunya yang berhu-bungan dengan pemanfaatan aplikasi computer yang saat ini dimiliki oleh TKK Sang Timur Yogyakarta.Langkah-langkah menyelesaikan permasalahan adalah sebagai berikut: Melakukan identifikasi potensi,melakukan analisis kebutuhan Mitra, membuat rencana kerja atau kegiatan yang akan diterapkan, mela-kukan pelatihan: yaitu pelatihan editing video dengan AVS Video Editor, dan monitoring dan Evaluasi.Pada PKM ini akan mendukung pendampingan penggunaan aplikasi Editing Video bagi Mitra. Luaran daripendampingan yang akan dilakukan adalah meningkatnya penguasaan Teknologi Informasi bagi gurukhususnya untuk membuat materi-materi pembelajaran yang berhubungan dengan pemanfaatan video.
PELATIHAN NODEMCU UNTUK PENGENDALIAN LAMPU DAN PEMBACAAN SENSOR DI SMKN 1 TEMPEL SLEMAN
Authors: Budioko Totok , Harnaningrum Lucia Nugraheni
Published: April 2022

Pengetahuan dan ketrampilan siswa SMK khususnya keminatan Teknik Komputer dan Jaringan padabidang pengendalian dan monitoring jarak jauh berbasisInternet of Thingssangat kurang. Untuk mengu-rangi kondisi seperti ini perlu dilakukan kegiatan yang dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilandi bidang tersebut. Kegiatan pengabdian untuk siswa SMKN 1 Tempel Sleman Yogyakarta merupakansalah satu kegiatan yang akan ditujukan untuk peningkatan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan bidang tersebut.Kegiatan ini diselenggarakan di laboratorium komputer SMKN 1 Tempel Sleman selama satu hari denganmateri pengenalanInternet of Things, pembuatan alat pembaca sensor dan pengendali sensor berbasisnodeMCU dan aplikasiAndroid Blynk. Kegiatan ini terselenggara dengan baik, siswa dapat membuatalat pengendali lampu dan pembacaan sensor yang dikendalikan dan dimonitor melalui aplikasiAndroidBlynk
MELIHAT TEKS LAKON SEBAGAI MITOS: ANALISIS DRAMA DENGAN STRUKTURALISME LEVI-STRAUSS
Authors: Pramayoza Dede
Published: April 2022

Tulisan ini membahas tentang cara analisis teks lakon dengan cara strukturalisme Levi-Strauss. Sebuah cara analisis yang dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam memahami kandungan sebuah naskah lakon. Dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif, dalam tulisan ini diuraikan tentang konsep-konsep dasar analisis lakon menggunakan pendekatan strukturalisme yang direkomendasikan oleh Levi-Strauss.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING CYBER SECURITY OF A HIGHER MILITARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION
Authors: Kyva Vladyslav
Published: April 2022

The impact of the development and dissemination of information and communication technologies (ICT) in higher military educational institutions (HMEI) is considered in the article, as on the one hand, it increases its efficiency and promotes the training of highly qualified personnel (tactical, operational and strategic level of military education) for the Security Sector and defense of Ukraine, which is extremely necessary in the case of armed aggression by the Russian Federation, and on the other hand, it makes its information space vulnerable to cyberattacks, which the issue of cybersecurity of HMEI raises. At the same time, the author focuses on the analysis of cyber-attacks on educational institutions in recent years, which are due to the development of methods (means) of their implementation and wide access to them by various users, including attackers. In addition, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) cyber-attack is the most common cyber threat to international educational institutions, according to an analytical report by Netscout (a developer of ICT solutions to combat DDoS cyberattacks in the United States). It has been analyzed that criminals have recently used DDoS cyberattacks to extort money. Moreover, DDoS cyberattacks were aimed at banks, stock exchanges, travel agencies, currency exchanges and educational institutions. Therefore, the cybersecurity of HMEI needs constant attention from the participants of its provision. In addition, the analysis shows that the cybersecurity of any university is influenced by external and internal factors, which confirm the relevance of the chosen area of research. Therefore, the cybersecurity of HMEI requires an analysis of the factors that affect it, in order to choose the best option for its implementation. Accordingly, the essence and main features of the impact of factors on the cybersecurity of HMEI are identified and their characteristics are presented. The influence of factors on the cybersecurity of HMEI has been decomposed, in particular on the interdependence and criticality of their impact. The necessity of taking into account and constant monitoring of the influence of external and internal factors on the cybersecurity of HMEI is substantiated, which allows to get situational awareness of the current state of cybersecurity and to make appropriate decisions to the management.
HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL PARALLEL YALTA – NICE
Authors:   Institute of Geography RAS, Galkina N.
Published: April 2022

The article emphasizes the unity of the Mediterranean-Black Sea region on the example of an important and common economic direction for both parts of the region – recreational activity. A special but very illustrative case is being considered: comparison of two famous resort cities - Yalta and Nice, from a historical, economic, and cultural point of view