bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Glaucoma Laser Trial: 4. Contralateral Effects of Timolol on the Intraocular Pressure of Eyes Treated With ALT
Authors: Anonymous
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Several reports have documented a contralateral intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effect after unilateral instillation of timolol. Data derived from the Glaucoma Laser Trial (GLT), a randomized trial of the efficacy and safety of argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) as compared with the efficacy and safety of topical medications as initial therapy for primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), demonstrated an estimated mean pressure reduction of 0.5 mm Hg in the contralateral eye that had received ALT. This contralateral effect is smaller than that observed in other studies of POAG patients. Lower initial IOP, longer duration of treatment with timolol, and/or improved outflow facility modulation in the ALT-treated eyes may be responsible for the smaller contralateral effect of timolol observed in the GLT patients.
The Effect of Dexamethasone on the Inhibition of Pseudophakic Bacterial Endophthalmitis
Authors: Wahl John C , Elliott Ross D , Katz Harold R
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We investigated the effect of dexamethasone on gentamicin prophylaxis of Pseudophakie bacterial endophthalmitis in a rabbit model. In 20 eyes treated with gentamicin and either dexamethasone or dexamethasone vehicle, there were no cases of either clinical or culture-positive endophthalmitis.
Repair of Inferior Iridodialysis Using a Partial-Thickness Scleral Flap
Authors: Kervick Gerard N , Johnston Stewart S
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We present a technique of inferior iridodialysis repair using a partial-thickness scleral flap, which, in turn, employs a modification of the technique currently used to suture posterior chamber intraocular lenses under scleral flaps.
Simplified Limbal Incision for Extraocular Rectus Muscle Surgery
Authors: Caputo Anthony R , Guo Suqin , DeRespinis Patrick , Wagner Rudolph S
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We describe a limbal incision for extraocular muscle surgery which involves only one incision to the conjunctival-Tenon's layer instead of the three separate incisions required in the standard limbal approach. Based on the 316 extraocular muscle operations in which we have used this one-snip procedure, we conclude that it is simpler and faster than the standard limbal incision, and that it provides good surgical exposure and probably less tissue damage.
Infectious Crystalline Keratopathy Occurring in an Eye Subsequent to Glaucoma Filtering Surgery With Postoperative Subconjunctival 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Patitsas Christopher , Rockwood Edward J , M Meisler David , McMahon James T
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We present a case of infectious crystalline keratopathy occurring after 5-fluorouracil filtering surgery. The patient had discrete, branching, white crystalline lesions in the anterior corneal stroma. Cultures grew Streptococcus viridans, and gram-positive cocci were demonstrated in corneal tissue biopsy specimens. Toxic and immunosuppressive properties of 5- fluorouracil may have participated in the pathogenesis of the infectious crystalline keratitis.
Total Pupillary Capture With a Foldable Silicone Intraocular Lens
Authors: Bucci Frank A , Lindstrom Richard L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We report a case of total pupillary capture on the 1st postoperative day in a patient who had undergone phacoemulsification and placement of a silicone foldable posterior chamber intraocular lens. Anterior displacement of the lens optic resulted in 2.25 diopters of induced myopia. Dilation of the pupil corrected the lens capture and reversed the induced myopia, yielding a refraction of piano. Higher rates of pupillary capture have been associated with sulcus fixation and nonangulated flexible (polypropylene) haptics. Contraction of the capsular bag on the flexible polypropylene haptics of this silicone lens is thought to force the optic anteriorly, increasing the probability of lens capture by the iris.
Quality of Life and Cataracts: A Review of Patient-Centered Studies of Cataract Surgery Outcomes
Authors: Legro Marcia West
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

In the next 10 years growing numbers of adults will be reaching the age at which senile cataracts typically develop. At the same time, pressure is strong to contain medical expenses. In order to formulate wise public policy in this area it is important to describe the effects of this treatment on the patient's quality of life. After a general discussion of research on patientcentered medical outcomes, 18 studies of patientcentered cataract surgery outcomes are reviewed. Then the findings, both direct outcomes (visual acuity, percentage visual impairment, complications, visual functioning, physical and mental functioning, general well-being, and satisfaction with care) as well as modifying factors (type of prosthesis, presurgical functional status, condition of fellow eye, other ocular pathology, comorbidity, age, gender, socioeconomic status, attitudes, and values) are summarized. The closing discussion summarizes findings, describes two studies underway, and suggests directions for future studies of cataract surgery effects.
The Keratoprosthesis: Improved Biocompatability Through Design and Surface Modification
Authors: Kirkham Steven M , Dangel Matthew E
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Due to poor biocompatability, the success of keratoprostheses has been limited. We compared a newly-designed PMMA intracorneal keratoprosthesis, covalently coated with type-I collagen, with an identical, uncoated keratoprosthesis in 12 rabbit eyes. While both keratoprostheses were retained for 15 months, the uncoated implants had more extensive adjacent corneal melting, greater inflammatory response, and more epithelial down growth than their collagen-coated counterparts. Electron microscopy showed that stromal collagen fibers had attached to the surface of the coated implants, but not to that of the uncoated ones. Intracorneal keratoprostheses covalently coated with type-I collagen may offer superior biocompatability and become significantly incorporated into corneal tissues.
Modified Tessier Flap for Reconstruction of the Upper Eyelid
Authors: Avram D R , Hurwitz J J , Kratky V
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We present a modification of the Tessier or orbitonasojugal flap for use in upper eyelid reconstruction. It is suitable for repairing full-thickness defects involving 60% or more of the lid margin and has the advantage of being a one-step procedure.
Cataract Extraction in a Patient With Carotid Cavernous Sinus Fistula
Authors: Slochower Dennis , Dowhan Thomas P
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We report for the first time, to our knowledge, a case of successful cataract extraction and insertion of an intraocular lens in a patient with a "low-flow" carotid cavernous sinus fistula and suggest guidelines for reducing the risk of cataract surgery in such patients.
Inadvertent Penetrating Injury to the Globe With Periocular Corticosteroid Injection
Authors: Jain Vikas K , Mames Robert N , McGorray Susan , Giles Conrad L
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

We surveyed 488 physicians regarding their experience with inadvertent ocular penetration with steroid injections over a 5-year period. Sixty-six cases of ocular penetration were reported by the 209 physicians who responded. Of the 18 patients whose retinal status was known, 12 (67%) had retinal detachments resulting from the penetration. Final visual acuities in 85% of the 26 cases were worse than 20/100.
Temporal Artery Biopsy Technique: A Clinico-Anatomical Approach
Authors: Scott Kevin R , Tse David T , Kronish Jan W
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

A positive temporal artery biopsy is required to conclusively establish the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. The temporal artery biopsy technique we describe is based on the anatomical branching patterns of the superficial temporal artery, the various fascial layers, and the location of the temporal branches of the facial nerve. Special emphasis is placed on avoiding facial nerve trauma during a biopsy of the frontal branch of the superficial temporal artery. Proper surgical technique combined with a working knowledge of the anatomy of the temporalis region enhances the safety of a temporal artery biopsy procedure.
Contact Transscleral Nd:YAG Laser Cyclophotocoagulation for the Treatment of Refractory Pediatric Glaucoma
Authors: Phelan Mark J , Higginbotham Eve J
Published: April 2021

*BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Nd:YAG contact transscleral laser cyclophotocoagulation (CTLC) has been used in the treatment of adult glaucoma patients. However, little information is available regarding the use of this modality in pediatrie glaucoma.

*PATIENTS AND METHODS: We retrospectively studied 10 pediatrie patients (ages 8 months to 13 years) treated with Nd: YAG CTLC for refractory glaucoma. All patients were treated using our standard technique in an outpatient setting. Average treatment energy was 190.5 ±35.0 J.

*RESULTS: The overall result was an average intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction of 48% ± 6%. An IOP of less than 21 mm Hg was achieved in five patients (50%), and the average follow up was 15.5 ± 5 months. Retreatment was required in 7 of 1 0 eyes. Loss of vision was seen in four patients, and one case of phthisis bulbi was noted.

*CONCLUSION: Nd:YAG CTLC effectively lowers IOP in refractory pediatrie glaucoma.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1995;26:401-403-]
Anterior Chamber Maintenance During Drainage of a Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage in Two Phakic Eyes
Authors: Birt Catherine M , Berger Alan R
Published: April 2021

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The authors describe a technique for hemorrhage drainage following glaucoma surgery that uses an anterior chamber maintainer to minimize risk to the anterior lens capsule.

* PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two patients had suprachoroidal hemorrhages following filtration surgery. Because their eyes were phakic, an anterior chamber maintainer, as opposed to a 23-gauge butterfly needle, was used for aqueous replacement during hemorrhage drainage.

* RESULTS: The maintainer provided a stable anterior chamber environment during both drainage procedures. No damage to anterior chamber structures occurred, and the postoperative course was unremarkable in both patients.

* CONCLUSIONS: The use of a sharp-tipped infusion cannula may be contraindicated for the phakic patient who has a suprachoroidal hemorrhage. The anterior chamber maintainer is a useful alternative instrument in such cases.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:739-745.]
Infected Orbital Cyst Following Exenteration
Authors: Barak Adiel , Hirsh Ami , Rosner Mordechai , Rosen Nachum
Published: April 2021

Abstract. An orbital cyst is a rare complication of orbital trauma and exenteration. Infections of such cysts have not been described, and are potentially dangerous unless treated immediately. The authors describe a case of delayed treatment of such an infected cyst, which resolved following surgical drainage. The potentially hazardous outcome makes knowledge of such cases important. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1996;27:798-800.]
From Equality to Equity to Justice
Authors: Xiao Junhong
Published: April 2021

Due to its role in addressing school closures amid the COVID-19 pandemic, emergency online education (EoE) is politicized and assumed to be the new normal in the post-crisis age. This chapter aims to answer the following questions: Should online education be the new normal for all, and if not, what should it be like? After briefly introducing how the world ensures educational continuity and distinguishing EoE from conventional online education, it examines education in the discourse of sustainable development goals, EoE from an equality-equity-justice perspective, and lessons learnt from EoE. It is argued that instead of OE, the new normal for all should be a package of solutions able to cater for learners of various types, minimizing inequality and inequity to allow as many people as possible to access quality education and hence enhance educational equity and justice. Issues related to the new normal are then discussed. The chapter concludes by calling on educational stakeholders to use this crisis as an opportunity to think about how to fix our already ailing educational system.
Navigating the Barriers Presented by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lelli Colleen , Ballard Kelly M. , Gentile Amber
Published: April 2021

As educators and students navigated the changes amid COVID-19 and the switch to on-line learning, there became a critical need to identify and address the challenges experienced by all. This chapter highlights the findings and recommendations of a study that surveyed over 400 educators to gather their perceptions of the barriers presented by COVID-19 and their experiences as they adjusted to educating students during a pandemic. The COVID-19 Educator Impact Survey developed by the researchers focused on educators' perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on instructional practices, emotional health, and student learning. Innovative practices to create a more equitable education with the intentional inclusion of Trauma Informed Practices and the newly created Guideposts for Trauma Informed Strategies are described. These guideposts can serve as recommendations for stakeholders with the goal of reimagining pedagogical practices and educational policies including trauma informed frameworks related to equity, access, and social-emotional learning skills for vulnerable populations.
The University Instructors' Opinions About Emergency Remote Education in Turkey
Authors: Kayaduman Halil , Battal Ali
Published: April 2021

This study explores university instructors' opinions regarding emergency remote education practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research included 248 university instructors from 29 universities in Turkey. The findings revealed the instructors' positive and negative opinions, educational preferences, and support demands. While instructors found the process useful in terms of cost-effectiveness, providing individualized learning environments, and supporting ubiquitous learning, their negative opinions stemmed from course-, student-, technology-, and instructor-related factors. The instructors demanded support in technology and training aspects, and they preferred face-to-face education rather than blended and distance education. This study suggests considering the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework for professional development programs. As well, it emphasizes the importance of open educational resources and collaboration efforts at the institution level to share digital resources to eliminate the digital divide and digital literacy issues.
Good Vibes Only
Authors: Goksel Nil
Published: April 2021

We live in a period when schools are involuntarily closed; human life gradually slowed down and came to a halt due to a pandemic, but distance education is already underway. While some higher education institutions have been struggling to meet distance education, the ones that have currently provided distance education in many parts of the world continued to maintain their existing educational systems in the time of the pandemic. In this connection, the central objective of this paper is to explore how online solutions and attempts have been defined under the term of “emergency remote education” since the first outbreak of the pandemic and how pandemic pedagogy during COVID-19 has contributed to emergency remote education and online education both in the world and specifically in Turkey. As there has been a gradual shift in higher education lately, this chapter is a response to educational crisis specifically for English teaching and learning at a distance from a positive perspective.
Pedagogy of the Pandemic
Authors: Falk Audrey Faye , Orbon Kate
Published: April 2021

This chapter explores emergency remote teaching and learning experiences at the K-12 educational levels and in higher education within the context of the Coronavirus pandemic. Since March 2020, schools at all levels across the US and globally have offered fully remote or hybrid learning opportunities in order to respond to public health needs. The pandemic created a major disruption in education, as in virtually every aspect of human activity. The authors apply a feminist lens to reflect on their lived experiences with emergency remote teaching and learning.
The Power of Inclusion
Authors: Charamba Erasmos
Published: April 2021

The year 2019 saw the emergence of COVID-19, an infectious disease spread through human-to-human transmission. This resulted in the immediate worldwide suspension of contact classes as countries tried to contain the wide spread of the pandemic. Consequently, educational institutions were thus left with only one option: e-learning. E-learning is the delivery of learning experiences through the use of electronic mail, the internet, the world wide web, and it can either be synchronous or asynchronous. Through the translanguaging lens, this chapter reports on a qualitative study that sought to explore the crucial role language plays in the e-learning of multilingual science students at a secondary school in South Africa. The e-learning lessons were in the form of videos, multilingual glossaries, and narrated slides in English and isiZulu languages. Data was collected through lesson observations and interviews held via Microsoft Teams. This chapter suggests numerous cognitive and socio-cultural benefits of multilingual e-learning pedagogy and recommends its use in education.
Regulated Sharing Economy in the New Normal
Authors: Kaymaz Volkan
Published: April 2021

The sharing economy developed rapidly with the increase in consumption expenditures in a period when low interest rates and access to credit were easy before the 2008 Financial Crisis and entered into serious competition with companies operating in the traditional economy. The use of sharing economy tools has increased as a result of sustainability, environmentalism, desire for new experiences, local tourism, and authentic searches. The sharing economy, whose main motivation is to reintroduce idle products to the market, has changed its priorities over time and turned into a profit-oriented structure, and large companies increased their revenues by increasing the number of users. The criticisms emerging as a result of employment losses, reservation cancellations, reimbursement requests, lack of social security of employees, and therefore not being able to benefit from COVID-19 aids have revealed the missing parts of the sharing economy.
“Taking Care of Yourself at Home”
Authors: Boragnio Aldana , Faracce Macia Constanza
Published: April 2021

This chapter presents some reflections on the changes regarding the use of electronic commerce and digital platforms during the period of preventive and mandatory social isolation decreed in the country during the COVID-19 pandemic, based on the new services food services, food delivery service, and new practices around “home care.” To this end, a survey was conducted on eating practices during the first part of the isolation period in April-May 2020, and a digital ethnography was performed on new services around food and “home care” during the subsequent period. The expository strategy is as follows: 1) the theoretical approach on the sociology of bodies/emotions and its relationship with consumption and enjoyment is described, 2) virtual ethnography is defined based on its advantages as a methodology of social inquiry, 3) research results focused on the acceleration of electronic commerce and consumption “at home” are presented during the ASPO, and 4) some final reflections are made.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Rent-a-Car Industry
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel
Published: April 2021

Without any doubt, coronavirus disease slumped global economies in an unparalleled crisis, one of the worst downturns since 2008. COVID-19 not only affected negatively the tourism industry but also other service sectors. To some extent, governments have adopted two different dispositions against the virus. While some nations imposed a strict lockdown, others privilege the consumption and domestic circuits of payment. In its history, the tourism industry has never faced a crisis of this caliber, and its impacts remain unsure even to date. Although the interests and studies evaluating the impact of COVID-19 have captivated the attention of countless scholars, less attention has been given to the rent-a-car industry, which occupies a central position in the tourist system. As substitute competitors of train, bus, and airplanes, the rent-a-car organizations seem to be a quintessential actor of the tourist system. Of course, because we live in a world without tourists, empirical-based studies do not abound these days.
Short-Term Rental Development and Overtourism
Authors: Do Nascimento Santos Flavio Andrew
Published: April 2021

The boom of short-term rental (STR) intensifies the debate on overtourism because of some negative effects on destinations. Conversely, the STR was a way out in moments of crisis. Until now, only a few studies extend the analysis outside the limits of individual cities; that's why this case-study research was conducted by the analyses of Airbnb listings and the tourists' spatial distribution in Lisbon Metropolitan Area (LMA). For this purpose, this chapter uses two cartographic tools: 1) Airbnb listing from Inside Airbnb Project of Lisbon and 2) Geotaggers' World Atlas (map of sites that tourists took photos). Also, institutional Lisbon urban planning plans fed this study. Methodologically, combining the selected maps is a way to understand tourism spatial analysis by bringing together data on supply-side (rooms) and demand-side (distribution of tourists). The analysis demonstrates that a time-spatial distribution of visitors and the STR throughout the LMA could contribute to avoiding tourism congestion and proper distribution of economic benefits.
Digital Labour, Pandemic COVID-19, and Emotions
Authors: Scribano Adrian , Chahbenderian Florencia
Published: April 2021

This chapter seeks to outline in a preliminary way the consequences of the pandemic in work in general and especially in digital work in its connection with emotions and the politics of sensibilities. Based on public and private reports and the opinion of experts, some traces are presented here that allow us to reconstruct some changes in the politics of sensibilities that have occurred due to the socio-labour pandemic impact. In this sense, the following argumentative strategy has been developed: 1) the theoretical perspective on the connection between digital and political work of sensibilities is outlined, 2) some of the main consequences of the pandemic at work are synthesized, and 3) brief final openings are given to connect the described scenario and the modifications of the politics of sensibilities.
Contextualizing Action Research
Authors: Adugu Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

This chapter focuses on designing and conducting action research in diverse settings. Action research is a collaborative approach to problem solving. It involves consultative problem identification, reflects context, encourages reflexive examination, and ultimately encourages and empowers beneficiaries for desirable change. In that regard, it puts all stakeholders at the core of the change process. The process of change from research project conceptualization to analysis and policy implications is thus made more understandable and meaningful to community actors (beneficiaries). The chapter features three empirical models from diverse parts of the world. These are Model 1: Photo-voice as a form action research depicting an underused footbridge in Barbados; Model 2: DANIDA Community Water and Sanitation Project, Ghana; and REACH After School Enrichment Program, USA. All these models show that action research process is people and community-centered, attentive to the views of people as individuals with their own unique needs, resources, and interests.
A Review of Single Case Study and Multiple Case Study Research Designs
Authors: Sneed Stacey , Nguyen Chau H. P. , Eubank Chrissy L. , Zimmerman Aaron S.
Published: April 2021

In the field of education, case study is a widely used qualitative research methodology. While there are a broad range of approaches to case study, the resources available to researchers is limited. Therefore, this chapter aims to shed some light on what defines a case study and some of the possible methodological variations. The goal of this chapter is to provide the reader with a foundational understanding of a case study as a methodology and how this methodology aligns within various research contexts in the field of education.
Mobile Agent Communication, Security Concerns, and Approaches
Authors: Pooja Kamat , Shilpa Gite , Shruti Patil
Published: April 2021

Mobile Agent Systems model has attracted attention of various researchers and scholars all over the world due to a wide array of features it offers. The capability of mobile agent to hop independently from one network to another, carrying out various computational processes on remote network, enables them to operate in fixed and mobile networks more efficiently and robustly than typical client-server systems. However little attention is paid to the security management of the mobile agents due to which it is still not widely used in the industry domain. . In this chapter, the authors examine the various security issues in Mobile Agent systems and approaches used to overcome them.
Identification of Cryptographic Vulnerability and Malware Detection in Android
Authors: Kumawat Anjali , Sharma Anil Kumar , Kumawat Sunita
Published: April 2021

Android based Smartphones are nowadays getting more popular. While using Smartphone, user is always concerned about security and malicious attacks, cryptographic vulnerability of the applications. With increase in the number of Android mobiles, Android malwares are also increasing very rapidly. So the authors have proposed the “Identification of cryptographic vulnerability and malware detection in Android” system. They have designed a user friendly android application, through which user and developer can easily test the application whether it is benign or vulnerable. The application will be tested firstly using static analysis and then the dynamic analysis will be carried out. The authors have implemented static and dynamic analysis of android application for vulnerable and malicious app detection. They have also created a web page. User can either use the application or the web page.
A Framework for Various Attack Identification in MANET Using Multi-Granular Rough Set
Authors: Ahmed N. Syed Siraj , Acharjya Debi Prasanna
Published: April 2021

The topology changes randomly and dynamically in a mobile adhoc network (MANET). The composite characteristics of MANETs makes it exposed to interior and exterior attacks. Avoidance support techniques like authentication and encryption are appropriate to prevent attacks in MANETs. Thus, an authoritative intrusion detection model is required to prevent from attacks. These attacks can be at either the layers present in the network or can be of a general attack. Many models have been developed for the detection of intrusion and detection. These models aim at any one of the layer present in the network. Therefore, effort has been made to consider either the layers for the detection of intrusion and detection. This article uses a multigranular rough set (MGRS) for the detection of intrusion and detection in MANET. The advantage of MGRS is that it can aim at either the layers present in the network simultaneously by using multiple equivalence relations on the universe. The proposed model is compared with many traditional models and attained higher accuracy.
Phishing Attacks in Mobile Platforms
Authors: Thangavel M.  , Yaamine A. M.  , Nandhini J. T.
Published: April 2021

On facing this fast-moving world every bit of the world is leading by technology. Mobile phones are the major part of our day to day life. Mobile platforms are said to be the hardware and software environment for laptops, tablets, smartphones and also for other portable devices. Mobile operating systems and browsers lack secure application identity indicators, so the user cannot always identify whether a link takes to the expected application. Phishing is a most popular attack and it gets targeted mostly at financial organizations. It is a type of online theft where the sensitive information is obtained by redirecting the victim to malicious websites. This chapter discusses about Phishing attacks in Mobile Platforms.
A Novel Approach to Detect Spam and Smishing SMS using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Jain Ankit Kumar , Yadav Sumit Kumar , Choudhary Neelam
Published: April 2021

Smishing attack is generally performed by sending a fake short message service (SMS) that contains a link of the malicious webpage or application. Smishing messages are the subclass of spam SMS and these are more harmful compared to spam messages. There are various solutions available to detect the spam messages. However, no existing solution, filters the smishing message from the spam message. Therefore, this article presents a novel method to filter smishing message from spam message. The proposed approach is divided into two phases. The first phase filters the spam messages and ham messages. The second phase filters smishing messages from spam messages. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated on various machine learning classifiers using the dataset of ham and spam messages. The simulation results indicate that the proposed approach can detect spam messages with the accuracy of 94.9% and it can filter smishing messages with the accuracy of 96% on neural network classifier.
Securing Communication 2FA Using Post-Quantic Cryptosystem
Authors: Yacouba Kouraogo , Ghizlane Orhanou , Said Elhajji
Published: April 2021

Many financial institutions interact with their customers via short message services (SMS), which is today one of the fastest and most powerful means of communicating information around the world. This information can sometimes be an access code such as the unique password (OTP) for two-factor authentication (2FA) or banking information and personal identities. All this data is confidential, and it is a major disadvantage to send them since an SMS service does not provide data encryption during network transmission and on mobile. Recently, OTPs via SMS have suffered from strong attacks that intercept messages. In order to avoid attacks and offer effective content security to 2FA credentials sent via SMS, the authors propose an SMS encryption mechanism using a post quantic cryptosystem quasi-cyclic MDPC and an electronic signature of the OTPs. Finally, this article performs an implementation and a security analysis of the proposal.
Theft Preventive Measures for Interconnected Personal Computer Devices as Proactive Physical Security of Data
Authors: Pshehotskaya Ekaterina , Mikhalsky Oleg
Published: April 2021

This article is concerned with the arising problems and implications of physical security and privacy of personal and control data on portable computer devices, especially smartphones. The authors consider various classifications of portable computer devices, isolate smartphones as a most common device, and study types of user behavior regarding the involved security risks of unauthorized access to the data stored both locally and remotely with accent of physical data access via device theft. Based on provided categorization the researchers discuss the factors and criteria suitable to generalize user patterns and evaluate the corresponding vulnerability level against specified statistics. The considered statistical criteria can be formulated as a mathematical model of relative risks and implemented as a service or an application to be used for improving user awareness on current threats to his personal data and respective interconnected personal portable devices.
Protection of the Communication and Digital Security of Mobile Phones as a Fundamental Right to Privacy
Authors: Santiago Nestor Eduardo Araruna , Amorim Ana Monica Anselmo
Published: April 2021

The central idea of this chapter is to discuss the notion of privacy arising from the use and exchange of messages through the use of mobile phones and whether police officers in charge of patrolling and public security may have access to the messages contained therein without proper judicial authorization. The authors focused on the position of the Brazilian Superior Court of Justice (STJ) on the subject, based on the decision rendered in the Appeal in Habeas Corpus (RHC) n. 51.531/RO. At this trial, protection was given to the new forms of communication and data contained in mobile phones under the constitutional terms of protection of privacy and non-unlawful obtaining of evidence, so that it will be necessary to issue a court order to get any informational elements found in messaging applications installed on a smartphone.
Achieving Secure and Privacy-Preserving in Mobile Social Networks
Authors: Ferrag Mohamed Amine , Abdelaziz Amara korba
Published: April 2021

This chapter proposes a security framework for achieving secure and privacy-preserving mobile social networks named ASPP. Based on the cooperative neighbor, reactive routing protocol, and short signatures technique, the proposed scheme can not only detect and avoid but also can preserve the message privacy against elemental attacks and compound attacks. In addition, ASPP is robust against eavesdropping attack, wormhole attack, packet analysis attack, packet tracing attack, and replay attack. Extensive analyses and experiments are given to demonstrate its high detection rate and practicability under various scenarios.
Cell Phone Security
Authors: Mensch Scott E , Wilkie LeAnn
Published: April 2021

People use smartphones for a variety of purposes. However, little is known about users' mobile security awareness. This study examines mobile security behaviors of college students. The study's findings conclude that college students, while technologically savvy, may not take appropriate measures to protect their personal data from hackers and thieves.
How Do Mobile Applications for Cancer Communicate About Their Privacy Practices?
Authors: Khan Zerin Mahzabin , Ahmed Rukhsana , Sen Devjani
Published: April 2021

No previous research on cancer mobile applications (apps) has investigated issues associated with the data privacy of its consumers. The current chapter addressed this gap in the literature by assessing the content of online privacy policies of selected cancer mobile apps through applying a checklist and performing an in-depth critical analysis to determine how the apps communicated their privacy practices to end users. The results revealed that the privacy policies were mostly ambiguous, with content often presented in a complex manner and inadequate information on the ownership, use, disclosure, retention, and collection of end users' personal data. These results highlight the importance of improving the transparency of privacy practices in health and fitness cancer mobile apps to clearly and effectively communicate how end users' personal data are collected, stored, and shared. The chapter concludes with recommendations and discussion on practical implications for stakeholders like cancer app users, developers, policymakers, and clinicians.
LD Based Framework to Mitigate Threats in Mobile Based Payment System
Authors: Singh Jitendra
Published: April 2021

Smartphones have deeply penetrated in modern lifestyle. Accordingly, usage has grown manifold in the area of social media, collaboration, and mobile-based payment. The security of smartphones is increasingly critical at the user end as well as at service provider's end due to the involvement of monetary payments and personal information. Despite using a smartphone for mobile payments, strong security measures have not been put into place by a majority of users, particularly those involved with electronic payments. This article is an attempt to identify threats applicable to smartphones and classify them based on a broader category of threats. Existing vulnerabilities have been explored. In the light of the digital India campaign, security preparedness among Indian users has been assessed by carrying out a survey that reveals a poor level of preparedness among mobile users. Finally, the authors have proposed a lotus diagram (LD)-based framework to mitigate threats that can negatively impact mobile-based payment. The proposed method will greatly help in strengthening security and mitigating the threats for the user.
Information Hiding Model Based on Channel Construction of Orthogonal Basis
Authors: Kangsheng Bao
Published: April 2021

Secret information communication model based on channel construction of orthogonal basis can implement secret information hiding and recovery without a key. The orthogonal basis is constructed by the media carrier's self-correlation. Carrier and secret information channels are constructed independently. And it has good properties of avoiding detection. The experiments show that the model with proper carrier components and threshold of secret information coding has the capacity of secret information and robustness. And the secret information capacity and anti-noise capability can be improved by compressed and error correcting or checking codes.
Control of Full-Size Frame Structures via Optimum Tuned Mass Dampers
Authors: Mubuli Apaer , Nigdeli Sinan Melih , Bekdaş Gebrail
Published: April 2021

Structural control techniques are widely used to reduce the maximum values of the vibrations caused by strong earthquakes and winds and to rapidly dampen them. Among them, passive control systems have been used effectively to protect structural and non-structural elements from the destructive effects of earthquakes in the past quarter-century. Tuned mass dampers (TMD) that are part of passive control systems have been widely used in civil structures with their alternative benefits. In this study, the optimal adjustment of the parameters of a passive TMD placed on the top floor of the 10-story symmetrical structure was performed by a metaheuristic method called Jaya algorithm. The structural model was modeled in the SAP2000 finite element analysis software to obtain mass and stiffness properties. The results of the numerical analysis showed that the optimization of the TMD parameters is highly effective in reducing the total shear forces of the base of the full-size frame structures and reducing displacement in the event of seismic loads.
An Integrated Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Approach for E-Waste Collection Center Location Problem
Authors: Bolat Hür Bersam , Otay İrem , Temur Gül Tekin , İmre Şükrü
Published: April 2021

Selection of locations for collecting end of life goods is a multi-dimensional problem. In this study, the objective is to propose a hybrid multi-criteria decision model for e-waste collection center location selection problem employing an integrated Pythagorean fuzzy AHP (analytical hierarchy process)-VIKOR (multi-criteria optimization and compromise solution) methodology. A case study from Turkish e-waste recycling industry is conducted in order to verify the success of the proposed methodology. Thirty-nine alternative collection center districts are evaluated and ranked by employing Pythagorean fuzzy VIKOR based on “cost, logistics, environment, socio-culture, and population” and 11 sub-criteria. The study involves 39 e-waste collection location centers, and the model was solved for 50 times for 10 scenarios for each criterion. The results of sensitivity analysis indicate that the evaluation of criteria and determination of their weights have critical effects on the results.
Analysing Twitter Data for Phishing Tweets Identification
Authors: Al-Akashi Falah Hassan Ali
Published: April 2021

Detecting threats like adult, violent, and phishing tweets on online social networks is a crucial issue in recent years. The aim of the work is to identify phishing content from the users' perspective in real-time tweets. To outline such content comprehensively, lexicon analysis with sentiments are encapsulated to investigate tweets that yield phishing dynamic keywords, while some features and parameters are altered to optimize the performance. To support the preliminary study, the approach is rigorously designed to assemble users' opinions on completely different classes of phishing content. Each direct and indirect opinions as well as recently projected opinions are listed to characterize all sorts of phishing content. The authors use word level analysis with sentiments to build keyword blacklist lexicons. High promising results and high level of accuracy and performance are obtained experimentally if compared with the alternative algorithms.
Classification of Code-Mixed Bilingual Phonetic Text Using Sentiment Analysis
Authors: Singh Shailendra Kumar , Sachan Manoj Kumar
Published: April 2021

The rapid growth of internet facilities has increased the comments, posts, blogs, feedback, etc., on a large scale on social networking sites. These social media data are available in an unstructured form, which includes images, text, and videos. The processing of these data is difficult, but some sentiment analysis, information retrieval, and recommender systems are used to process these unstructured data. To extract the opinion and sentiment of internet users from their written social media text, a sentiment analysis system is required to develop, which can work on both monolingual and bilingual phonetic text. Therefore, a sentiment analysis (SA) system is developed, which performs well on different domain datasets. The system performance is tested on four different datasets and achieved better accuracy of 3% on social media datasets, 1.5% on movie reviews, 1.35% on Amazon product reviews, and 4.56% on large Amazon product reviews than the state-of-art techniques. Also, the stemmer (StemVerb) for verbs of the English language is proposed, which improves the SA system's performance.
A Personalized Approach to Course Recommendation in Higher Education
Authors: George Gina , Lal Anisha M.
Published: April 2021

The selection of elective courses, which best fits the student's personal choice, becomes a challenge, considering the variety of courses available at the higher education level. The traditional recommendation approach often uses collaborative filtering along with sequential pattern mining. Existing recommender systems also use ontology. However, these approaches have several limitations, including lack of availability of ratings at higher education level and lack of personalization based on student attributes. The proposed system intends to overcome these limitations by firstly extracting student personality and profile attributes and thereby generating a set of similar users by utilizing the versatile ontology. Secondly, it predicts courses based on a well-performing sequence prediction algorithm, the compact prediction tree (CPT). The results show that the proposed approach increases the accuracy in terms of precision to a tune of 0.97 and F1 measure to a tune of 0.58 when compared with existing systems which makes the proposed method more suitable for recommending courses.
A Practical Approach to Hospital Visitation During a Pandemic: Responding With Compassion to Unjustified Restrictions
Authors: Jones-Bonofiglio Kristen , Nortjé Nico , Webster Laura , Garros Daniel
Published: April 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, evidence-based resources have been sought to support decision-making and strategically inform hospitals’ policies, procedures, and practices. While greatly emphasizing protection, most guiding documents have neglected to support and protect the psychosocial needs of frontline health care workers and patients and their families during provision of palliative and end-of-life care. Consequently, the stage has been set for increased anxiety, moral distress, and moral injury and extreme moral hazard. A family-centered approach to care has been unilaterally relinquished to a secondary and nonessential role during the current crisis. This phenomenon violates a foundational public health principle, namely, to apply the least restrictive means to achieve good for the many. Instead, there has been widespread adoption of utilitarian and paternalistic approaches. In many cases the foundational principles of palliative care have also been neglected. No circumstance, even a global public health emergency, should ever cause health care providers to deny their ethical obligations and human commitment to compassion. The lack of responsive protocols for family visitation, particularly at the end of life, is an important gap in the current recommendations for pandemic triage and contingency planning. A stepwise approach to hospital visitation using a tiered, standardized process for responding to emerging clinical circumstances and individual patients’ needs should be considered, following the principle of proportionality. A contingency plan, based on epidemiological data, is the best strategy to refocus health care ethics in practice now and for the future.
Examining the relationship between competitive capability and perceived service quality in university libraries
Authors: Arachchige J. J. G. , Singh Diljit , Weerasooriya W. A.
Published: April 2021

As modern Information Technology has created a way to a variety of information service opportunities, many options other than the conventional library service are available for users. A stiff competition has emerged among information service providers and therefore university library professionals too have to think of their competitive advantage.  Service quality has gained a high concern as a strategy for developing the competitive position of an organization and many studies in different fields have established a strong relationship between service quality and competitive advantage. Viewing inversely, some practitioners contemplate that the competitive position of resource capabilities can influence the improvement of service quality. In order to examine the relationship between competitive position and the service quality in a university library context, an exploratory survey was employed utilizing a VRIO based questionnaire and LibQUAL+ based instrument with 89 library professionals selected from 15 state university libraries in Sri Lanka. The study reveals that there is a moderate positive correlation between two variables (r = .286, n= 66, p = .020). As the relationship is moderate, further studies seem essential to support the hypothesis. The large percentage of residuals indicates that there are more factors contributing to the service quality in university libraries. This study deploys a robust process to develop a measuring instrument for a competitive position in university libraries and uncovers many research areas in the field.
Management of ankle injuries in professional basketball players: Prevalence and rehabilitation
Authors: Moore M. Lane , Haglin Jack M. , Hassebrock Jeffrey D. , Anastasi Matthew , Chhabra Anikar
Published: April 2021

Basketball is a popular internationally played sport. With the physical requirements the game has on athletes, players are at risk of injury. Ankle injuries are the most common injury type suffered by basketball players. In this comprehensive review, we present an analysis and overview of the most common ankle injuries among basketball players, including sprains, fractures, impingement, and Achilles tendon pathology. The review includes treatment modalities for such injuries. More research is warranted regarding prevention strategies.