bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Vikings have landed – Denmark's decision to tax livestock emissions as a ‘game changer’
Authors: Blandford David
Published: August 2024

From 2030, Denmark will impose a carbon tax on livestock emissions as part of a package of measures to address climate change mitigation and adaptation in agriculture. The Danish scheme is particularly noteworthy in being designed with the cooperation of farmers, as well as industry and environmental groups. Revenue generated from the tax will be used to help finance adaptation components of the package. Although the size of the tax is not large, it will have important implications. It increases pressure for a unified EU policy response to the use of carbon taxes for agriculture. Future policy fragmentation may increase tensions among Members over potential ‘carbon leakage’ through the free movement of agricultural products in the single market; not just through imports from third countries. The Danish action opens the door to the commercialisation of ‘green credentials’ for well‐known Danish brands of livestock products. This could have implications for the competitive position of other important suppliers of such products. Without a shared collective response to internalising the costs of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, it will be difficult for the EU to chart a harmonious path to achieving its ambitious climate goals for 2030 and beyond.
NRASQ61R‐driven atypical melanocytic tumor with blue nevus‐like morphology: A case report
Authors: Hiraki Tsubasa , Mori Hiroki , Misawa Junko , Yunoki Marina , Goto Keisuke
Published: August 2024

NRAS Q61 mutations are driver genetic alterations associated with common melanocytic nevi. Herein, we describe a case of NRAS‐mutant melanocytic tumor with a blue nevus‐like morphology. A 71‐year‐old Japanese man presented with a 4.6‐mm nodule on his back. Histopathological examination revealed a dense distribution of spindle‐shaped melanocytes in the upper dermis and a sparse distribution of dendritic melanocytes in the mid‐dermis. The vertical periadnexal extension reached the deep dermis at the center of the tumor. A small junctional component, hyperpigmentation, sclerotic stroma, mild nuclear atypia, and a few mitotic figures were observed. Immunohistochemical examination revealed no PRAME expression and preserved p16 expression. Diffuse RASQ61R immunoreactivity was observed in these tumor cells. Nuclear β‐catenin expression was not observed. Targeted RNA sequencing revealed two mutations, NRAS c.182A>G (Q61R) and FGFR2 c.‐157A>G, but no other pathogenic alterations such as BRAF, GNAQ, GNA11, CTNNB1, PRKAR1A, or IDH1 mutations or kinase gene fusions. The histopathology fits that of compound‐type blue nevus, which is called “Kamino nevus”; however, this tumor was genetically considered to be on the spectrum of conventional acquired melanocytic nevi but not on that of blue nevi. Morphologically, NRAS‐driven melanocytic nevi resemble blue nevi without IDH1R132C coexistence.
Mental load at the intersection of migration, motherhood and work
Authors: Dwivedi Priyanka , Kapoor Bhavya , Vahia Manasi
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the narratives of Mental load (ML) within the realm of migration. The study captures the migration experiences of three Indian mother‐workers across their journey of migration. By examining the ML situated at the intersection of migration, motherhood, and paid work, our study bridges the theoretical gap at the micro level by understanding how skilled Indian mother‐workers manufacture subjectivities as they now spend their lives in Australia and Canada. We define ML in the context of migration and explore how these women navigate the newness of identity, cultural adaptation, and reframe mothering, all while juggling their ML accompanying the unfamiliarity of mobility. Further, we demonstrate how migrant mothers understand themselves diversely in relation to their careers in the new land. We find that ML ascends in the beginning of the journey. Further, the research unveils that the mother‐workers agentically modulate their ML with a clear and well‐defined migration objective as the guiding beacon in steering through the subsequent migration journey. Moreover, the absence of clarity in migration objectives substantially augments the ML. These results hold significance in the conceptualization of migration‐related ML of mother‐workers, hence offering a subjective lens to capture the everyday portrait of a migrant mother‐worker.
MACRO UNCERTAINTY, UNEMPLOYMENT RISK, AND CONSUMPTION DYNAMICS
Authors: Oh Joonseok , Rogantini Picco Anna
Published: August 2024

Households' income heterogeneity is important to explain consumption dynamics in response to aggregate macro uncertainty: an increase in uncertainty generates a consumption drop that is stronger for lower‐income households. At the same time, labor markets are strongly responsive to macro uncertainty. A heterogeneous‐agent New Keynesian model with search‐and‐matching frictions in the labor market can account for these empirical findings. The mechanism at play is a feedback loop between lower‐income households who, being subject to higher unemployment risk, contract consumption more in response to heightened uncertainty, and firms that post fewer vacancies following a drop in demand.
Bayesian estimates of genetic parameters for growth traits in Harnali sheep
Authors: Dash Spandan Shashwat , Bangar Yogesh C. , Magotra Ankit , Patil C. S. , Sharma Rohit , Chauhan Ashish , Dahiya S. P.
Published: August 2024

The objective of the study was to estimate genetic parameters of the growth traits under Bayesian inference in Harnali sheep. The information of pedigree and targeted traits of 2404 Harnali animals born to 159 sires and 695 dams was collected for the period from 1998 to 2021. The growth traits included weight at birth (BWT), 3 (WWT), 6 (6WT) and 12 (YWT) months of age. The genetic evaluation was carried out using six univariate animal models comprising direct and maternal effects using THRGIBBS1F90 and POSTGIBBSF90 programs. The fixed factors adjusted in the analysis were period of birth, sex of lamb and dam's weight at lambing. Bayesian estimates of direct heritability under best model for BWT, WWT, 6WT and YWT traits were 0.16 ± 0.04, 0.10 ± 0.04, 0.18 ± 0.04, and 0.05 ± 0.03, respectively. The significant maternal influences observed for BWT and WWT traits with 9% and 8% contribution to total phenotypic variances, respectively. Additionally, maternal permanent environmental influences were observed to BWT (4%) and YWT trait (3%). The genetic and phenotypic correlations among studied traits were high and positive. The genetic changes were positive and significant for WWT only. It was concluded that the weight at 6 months of age can be continued as selection criterion for further genetic improvement through selection. Also, maternal effects should be considered in breeding programme for enhancing early growth performance in Harnali sheep.
Raddeanin A augments the cytotoxicity of natural killer cells against chronic myeloid leukaemia cells by modulating MAPK and Ras/Raf signalling pathways
Authors: Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Lin Jen‐Tsun , Chuang Yi‐Ching , Lo Yu‐Sheng , Lin Chia‐Chieh , Ho Hsin‐Yu , Chen Mu‐Kuan
Published: August 2024

Natural killer (NK) cell therapy, a developing approach in cancer immunotherapy, involves isolating NK cells from peripheral blood. However, due to their limited number and activity, it is essential to significantly expand these primary NK cells and enhance their cytotoxicity. In this study, we investigated how Raddeanin A potentiate NK activity using KHYG‐1 cells. The results indicated that Raddeanin A increased the expression levels of cytolytic molecules such as perforin, granzymes A and granzymes B, granulysin and FasL in KHYG‐1 cells. Raddeanin A treatment increased CREB phosphorylation, p65 phosphorylation, NFAT1 and acetyl‐histone H3 expression. Raddeanin A elevated caspase 3 and PARP cleavage, increased t‐Bid expression, promoting apoptosis in K562 cells. Furthermore, it reduced the expression of HMGB2, SET and Ape1, impairing the DNA repair process and causing K562 cells to die caspase‐independently. Additionally, Raddeanin A increased ERK, p38 and JNK phosphorylation at the molecular level, which increased granzyme B production in KHYG‐1 cells. Raddeanin A treatment increased Ras, Raf phosphorylation, MEK phosphorylation, NKG2D, NKp44 and NKp30 expression in KHYG‐1 cells. Collectively, our data indicate that Raddeanin A enhances the cytotoxic activity of NK cells against different cancer cells.
Lycorine (Lycoris radiata)—a unique natural medicine on breast cancer
Authors: Xue Qinbing , Wang Bing , Feng Jie , Li Chaoyu , Yu Miao , Zhao Yan , Qi Zheng
Published: August 2024

Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common types of cancer among women worldwide. Lycorine (Lycoris radiata), a small molecule derived from the traditional Chinese herb Amaryllidaceae plants, has appeared potential effect on inhibiting the growth of cancer cells and inducing apoptosis in various types of cancer with minor side effects. To discuss the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of lycorine on BC established by lycorine‐treated S180 tumour‐bearing mice in vivo. Furthermore, both the mitotic and microtubule assembly dynamics genes were performed by qPCR assays, and the protein expression associated with mitotic arrest was investigated by western blot. Lycorine was demonstrated to reduce sarcoma growth of S180 tumour‐bearing mice and inhibit the proliferation of MCF‐7 cells in concentration‐dependent manner. Moreover, lycorine induced M phase cell cycle arrest via interfering with the mitotic apparatus regulated the expression of 20 genes and 15 proteins in cell cycle progression. Furthermore, this study confirmed that the potential effect of lycorine on BC might be mediated by cell cycle arrest in M phase for the first time. These results would be the consequence of exploitation of lycorine as a potential drug for BC therapy, however further preclinical and clinical studies are still needed.
“Doing the right thing”: Moral conflicts and ethical issues experienced by military nurses during wartime
Authors: Agazio Janice , Padden Diane L.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The War on Terrorism, which included Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF) in Afghanistan from 2001 to 2014 and the concurrent Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) from 2003 to 2011, exposed military nurses to situations and challenges for which many reported feeling unprepared. Clinically, nurses faced multi‐trauma injuries and devastating wounds suffered by military troops and civilians alike. Cultural issues and harsh living conditions added further complications to the care environment. The purpose of this study was to address the research question: How do military nurses identify, assess, manage, and personally resolve ethical issues occurring in nursing practice during wartime deployments?

Design

Qualitative grounded theory provided the design for this study.

Methods

Using the constant comparative method, data collection, and data analysis occurred simultaneously to build a theory of ethical issues management during wartime. Using a focused interview guide responsive to emerging themes and developing theory, interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved. Participants represented primarily Army (55%) active duty (83%) female nurses (71%) who had deployed to Iraq (52%), Afghanistan (32%), or both (16%). A sampling grid was used to recruit nurses representative of the demographics deployed in support of OIF and OEF. Data analysis used grounded theory methods to identify a core construct to detail proposed relationships and concepts. Rigor was maintained in study methods and analysis using established tenets to support trustworthiness.

Results

The nurses shared stories regarding their experiences during deployment. Many struggled to find internal resolutions regarding the care of detainees, cultural differences, end‐of‐life decision‐making, pain management, and care of civilian casualties.

Conclusion

The study described the ethical issues military nurses encountered during wartime and the strategies used to mitigate moral conflict. By better understanding how nurses define, assess, and manage ethical situations, we can better prepare our deploying nurses for future conflicts.

Clinical Relevance

Military nurses returning from wars with unresolved moral conflicts are at risk for moral distress. Moral distress has been associated with burnout, dissatisfaction with and leaving the nursing profession, compassion fatigue, and disinterest in the provision of quality patient care. In the interest of preserving the health of military nurses, steps need to be taken to provide resources for helping them prepare for, encounter, and cope with the ethical situations inherent in wartime nursing care.
Efficacy and safety of non‐cross‐linked hyaluronic acid compound in the treatment of keratosis pilaris: A split‐body randomized clinical trial
Authors: Li Yao , Wang Shi‐Wei , Liu Yan‐Hua , Zou Mu‐Yan , Wu Jia‐Xu , Luo Sheng‐Kang , Hong Wei‐Jin
Published: August 2024

Background

Keratosis pilaris (KP) is a prevalent benign dermatological condition characterized by small bumps at the hair follicles alongside surrounding redness, significantly impacting both aesthetics and mental well‐being.

Objective

This study investigated the potential benefits of a non‐cross‐linked hyaluronic acid (HA) compound for treating KP.

Methods

A split‐body, investigator‐blinded, randomized, intraindividual comparative clinical trial was conducted. The non‐cross‐linked HA compound was injected into KP‐affected regions on both upper arms. The treatment was delivered across four sessions scheduled at 4‐week intervals. Blinded physicians and patients assessed differences in erythema, skin roughness, and overall scores between treated and control areas at the final follow‐up visit. At the 12th and 24th weeks post‐treatment, a four‐point scale was utilized to assess subjects' perceived treatment efficacy. Additionally, dermoscopic images, histological alterations, and adverse events were monitored.

Results

Physician assessments revealed a significant reduction in roughness and overall scores for treated areas compared to controls. Patient self‐assessments also reflected improvements in roughness, redness, and overall scores for treated sides at the final visit, with 35.71% of patients demonstrating sustained improvement in redness and 71.43% reporting persistent improvements in roughness at 24th weeks post‐treatment. The dermatoscopic examinations revealed a notable enhancement in both the quantity of follicular plugs and the extent of erythema among the subjects in the treatment group. Histopathological outcomes also demonstrated improvement.

Conclusion

This study suggests that the non‐cross‐linked HA compound effectively improves skin roughness and promotes hair shaft growth in KP treatment, demonstrating a favorable safety profile. These findings position it as a potentially viable alternative therapy in clinical practice.
Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein as a marker of brain MRI metrics in multiple sclerosis: A scoping review
Authors: Marini Noah , Lesack Nikolai , Alizadeh Sama , Kani Aliya , Kitchin Vanessa , Vavasour Irene M. , Laule Cornelia
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is heavily relied upon for the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Serum biomarkers may serve as an accessible tool for increasing sensitivity, improving accessibility, corroborating symptoms, and providing additional data to guide clinical management. This scoping review investigates the current understanding of how the serum biomarker glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) relates to brain MRI metrics.

Methods

We adhered to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. The databases Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL (Ebsco), and Web of Science (University of British Columbia institutional access) were searched on August 24, 2023 using a combination of medical subject headings and keyword terms for the topic of serum biomarkers in MS.

Results

A total of 9880 articles were retrieved in total of which 6271 unique titles and abstracts were screened. Twelve of the 259 resultant papers contained sGFAP data and proceeded to extraction. It was found that lesion MRI metrics generally had a positive relationship with sGFAP, while gray matter and white matter metrics, including normal‐appearing white matter, were related negatively or not at all.

Conclusions

These results highlight that while sGFAP may not be specific for MS, it may have utility for increasing sensitivity in postdiagnosis monitoring of MS progression.
A new stem‐group mantispoid lineage (Insecta: Neuroptera) equipped with unique raptorial structures from the Middle Jurassic of China
Authors: Wang Jinglei , Shi Chaofan , Liu Xingyue , Shih Chungkun , Ren Dong , Wang Yongjie
Published: August 2024

During the Cretaceous period, the lacewing superfamily Mantispoidea, with an assemblage of species possessing raptorial forelegs, have undergone a rapid species radiation, characterized by abundant species richness and high morphological plasticity. Nevertheless, the morphology and early evolution of the specialized predatory organ around the time of its origin in raptorial Mantispoidea have been poorly documented due to the rarity of fossil evidence, especially for the pre‐Cretaceous fossils. Herein, a new genus and new species, that is Archarhachiberotha longitarsa Wang, Ren et Wang gen. et sp. nov., was described from the Middle Jurassic Jiulongshan Formation of northeastern China. This new genus was characterized by the remarkable raptorial forelegs, that is, typically elongated coxa, relatively less‐swollen femur and rudimentary small femoral spines, and well‐developed tarsi. Considering the peculiar morphological combination and antiquity of the new genus, it was assigned to be a stem‐group lineage of Mantispoidea. Also, the detailed analyses of morphology and biological functions of raptorial forelegs were made to conclude that the new genus evolved into an unknown but primitive raptorial type that was distinctly different from the extant morphological features and raptorial mechanisms. In addition, the evolutionary tendency of raptorial Mantispoidea herein summarized highlights morphological diversity and disparity between fossil and extant representatives, and provides a rare case to explore the entire evolutionary history of a specialized structure in one lineage.
Multi‐view street view image fusion for city‐scale assessment of wind damage to building clusters
Authors: Gu D. L. , Shuai Q. W. , Zhang N. , Jin N. , Zheng Z. X. , Xu Z. , Xu Y. J.
Published: August 2024

Global warming amplifies the risk of wind‐induced building damage in coastal cities worldwide. Existing numerical methods for predicting building damage under winds have been limited to virtual environments, given the prohibitive costs associated with establishing city‐scale window inventories. Hence, this study introduces a cost‐effective workflow for wind damage prediction of real built environments, where the window inventory can be established with the multi‐view street view image (SVI) fusion and artificial intelligence large model. The feasibility of the method is demonstrated based on two real‐world urban areas. Notably, the proposed multi‐view method surpasses both the single‐view and aerial image‐based methods in terms of window recognition accuracy. The increasing availability of SVIs opens up opportunities for applying the proposed method not only in disaster prevention but also in environmental and energy topics, thereby enhancing the resilience of cities and communities from multiple perspectives.
Genome‐Wide Association Study Reveals Candidate Genes Controlling Tillering and Effective Panicle Number in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Li Yuhong , Shi Wei , Zhu Shuhao , Yu Ling , Cai Yue , Wang Zhiping , Liu Jianju , Wu Yunyu , Pan Cunhong , Chen Zichun , Zhou Changhai , Ji Hongjuan , Huang Niansheng , Zhang Xiaoxiang , Gao Peng , Jiao Jun , Xiao Ning , Li Aihong
Published: August 2024

Tiller number and effective panicle number are important factors affecting rice yield. In this study, the sequencing data of 331 rice varieties were used to carry out genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of these two factors. A total of 58 candidate genes related to tiller number were identified, and their functions involved energy metabolism and cytoplasmic membrane metabolism pathways. There were 19 candidate genes related to effective panicle number, whose functions involved energy metabolism, cytoplasmic membrane metabolism and signal transduction pathways. A new QTL ‘qTNP12’, which controls both tiller number and effective panicle number, was identified on chromosome 12. There was specific variation in the 275th amino acid in the coding frame of the candidate gene. Indica rice with multiple tillers had histidine variation, while japonica rice with few tillers and Oryza rufipogon had arginine variation. Evolutionary analysis showed that the multi‐tiller trait of indica rice was developed through artificial selection and domestication. The results of this study provide a foundation for further clarifying the molecular mechanism of qTPN12 regulating tiller and effective panicle, as well as improving rice architecture through molecular marker‐assisted selection.
Applying the “SOTEC” framework of sociotechnical risk analysis to the development of an autonomous robot swarm for a public cloakroom
Authors: Winter Peter , Downer John , Wilson James , Abeywickrama Dhaminda B. , Lee Suet , Hauert Sabine , Windsor Shane
Published: August 2024

The past decade has seen efforts to develop new forms of autonomous systems with varying applications in different domains, from underwater search and rescue to clinical diagnosis. All of these applications require risk analyses, but such analyses often focus on technical sources of risk without acknowledging its wider systemic and organizational dimensions. In this article, we illustrate this deficit and a way of redressing it by offering a more systematic analysis of the sociotechnical sources of risk in an autonomous system. To this end, the article explores the development, deployment, and operation of an autonomous robot swarm for use in a public cloakroom in light of Macrae's structural, organizational, technological, epistemic, and cultural framework of sociotechnical risk. We argue that this framework provides a useful tool for capturing the complex “nontechnical” dimensions of risk in this domain that might otherwise be overlooked in the more conventional risk analyses that inform regulation and policymaking.
Conceptualizing social risk in relation to climate change and assisted ecosystem adaptation
Authors: Lockie Stewart , Graham Victoria , Taylor Bruce , Baresi Umberto , Maclean Kirsten , Paxton Gillian , Vella Karen
Published: August 2024

Realizing positive social and environmental outcomes from assisted ecosystem adaptation requires the management of complex, uncertain, and ambiguous risks. Using assisted coral reef adaptation as a case study, this article presents a conceptual framework that defines social impacts as the physical and cognitive consequences for people of planned intervention and social risks as potential impacts transformed into objects of management through assessment and governance. Reflecting on its multiple uses in the literature, we consider “social risk” in relation to risks to individuals and communities, risks to First Peoples, risks to businesses or project implementation, possibilities for amplified social vulnerability, and risk perceptions. Although much of this article is devoted to bringing clarity to the different ways in which social risk manifests and to the multiple characters of risk and uncertainty, it is apparent that risk governance itself must be an inherently integrative and social process.
Vancomycin Dosing Strategy for the Treatment of Peritonitis in a Child on Automated Peritoneal Dialysis: A First Pediatric Case Report
Authors: Haefliger David , Chehade Hassib , Livio Francoise , Rodrigues‐Veiga Viviane , Diezi Léonore , Marzolini Catia
Published: August 2024

Background

Bacterial peritonitis is a common complication of peritoneal dialysis. In the absence of systemic signs of infection, adult guidelines recommend treatment with intraperitoneal vancomycin either as empiric coverage of gram‐positive organisms or as targeted therapy. However, there is no guidance on how to administer vancomycin in children on automated peritoneal dialysis.

Case Report

We report vancomycin pharmacokinetics upon intraperitoneal administration for the treatment of a Staphylococcus hominis peritonitis in an 11‐year‐old patient on automated nocturnal intermittent peritoneal dialysis. While the patient was hospitalized, vancomycin was administered intraperitoneally as a continuous treatment. After hospital discharge, the nocturnal peritoneal dialysis was resumed. In the absence of treatment guidelines, intraperitoneal vancomycin was initially administered empirically only during the nocturnal dialysis exchanges which led to repetitive subtherapeutic vancomycin plasma concentrations and the persistence of S. hominis in dialysate cultures. Based on studies in adults, the dosing strategy was subsequently modified to administer vancomycin at a dosage of 15 mg kg−1 in the dialysate with a 6‐h dwell period prior to the nocturnal dialysis thereby allowing to reach optimal peak concentrations. The dosing interval was subsequently individualized using therapeutic drug monitoring to ensure residual vancomycin concentrations > 10 mg L−1 thereby leading to clinical and microbiological recovery.

Conclusions

This case presents a dosing strategy based on a comprehensive review of the literature and highlights that a sufficient dwell period is critical when treating pediatric patients on automated peritoneal dialysis in order to allow vancomycin distribution and equilibration between the dialysate and the plasma.
Effectiveness of platelet‐rich plasma in treating female hair loss: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yuan Jing , He Yimin , Wan Hui , Gao Ying
Published: August 2024

Background

Hair loss profoundly affects women's physical appearance and psychological health. Platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) therapy has gained attention as a potential treatment for female hair loss. This systematic review and meta‐analysis aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PRP in treating different forms of female hair loss.

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from January 2000 to May 2024. The focus was on randomized controlled trials investigating PRP treatment for various types of hair loss in women. The research protocol is registered with International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42024556190). The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2).

Results

A total of 21 studies comprising 628 participants were included in the analysis. PRP treatment was found to significantly enhance hair density and thickness. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in the number of hairs pulled in the PRP group. Adverse effects were generally mild and transient, with no notable difference in pain or discomfort between the PRP and control groups (risk ratio: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.87–1.18).

Conclusion

PRP therapy effectively enhances hair density and thickness in women with hair loss, with a favorable safety profile. However, the effects of PRP on hair density and thickness vary with dosage, injection duration, and ethnicity, indicating the need for tailored treatment protocols.
Frequency of retinal detachments in dogs after prophylactic transpupillary retinopexy
Authors: Lieberman Joshua S. , Keys Deborah A. , Moore Phillip A.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the frequency of retinal detachments following prophylactic transpupillary retinopexy (PTPRP).

Methods

The medical records of dogs that received a PTPRP between 2014 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed for age, sex, breed, reason for retinopexy, laser power setting, number of retinal burns, follow‐up duration, and outcome. Laser power settings were increased until retinal burns could be visualized and were made 360° in a double row in the peripheral retina.

Results

Fifty‐seven cases (75 eyes), 28 males and 29 females, had PTPRP performed. The median age was 8 years (4 months–14 years) with Shih tzu (n = 12), Bichon (n = 5), Miniature Poodle (n = 5), and Yorkie (n = 4) being the most common breeds. PTPRP were performed due to severe vitreal degeneration (n = 66), retinal detachment in the contralateral eye (n = 25), capsular tear with escaped lens material during phacoemulsification (n = 6), intracapsular lens extraction (n = 2), and lens luxation during phacoemulsification (n = 3). The median power setting, number of retinal burns, and follow‐up time were 300 mW (201–595 mW), 210 burns (35–921 burns), and 473 days (14–1862 days), respectively. Additionally, five patients had a barrier‐pexy performed in the contralateral eye, due to partial detachment. Retinal detachment occurred in 3/75 (4.0%) of eyes that received a PTPRP at the final examination. Of the patients with a detachment in the contralateral eye (n = 25), no detachment was noted at the last follow‐up examination. Two partial detachments that had barrier‐pexies had progressed at the final examination.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that PTPRP may be beneficial in decreasing the risk of retinal detachment in selected cases.
Prescribing Blood Flow Restricted Exercise: Limb Composition Influences the Pressure Required to Create Arterial Occlusion
Authors: Walden Thomas P. , Jonson Andrew M. , Dempsey Alasdair R. , Fairchild Timothy J. , Girard Olivier
Published: August 2024

Context: As blood flow restriction gains popularity across different populations (eg, young and older adults) and settings (eg, clinical and sports rehabilitation), the accuracy of blood flow restricted percentage becomes crucial. We aimed to compare manually measured arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) among young adults to understand whether lower limb composition affects the pressure required to achieve AOP. The results will shed light on the adequacy of published calculations used to estimate AOP in practical and research settings. Design: An observational cross-sectional study design was implemented to examine the relationship between lower limb composition, lower limb circumference, and measured AOP. Methods: Twenty-two participants (12 males, 26 [4] y, 1.74 [0.07] m, 73.2 [12.5] kg) underwent a whole-body Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry scan before AOP (in millimeters of mercury) and lower limb circumference (in centimeters) were determined. In a supine position, a 10-cm wide cuff was manually inflated on the dominant leg to the point where a pulse could no longer be detected by a Doppler ultrasound of the posterior tibial artery to determine AOP. Lower limb composition (fat, muscle, and bone mass [in grams]) was obtained from the Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry scan. Results: Lower limb muscle mass had a moderate negative relationship with AOP (r2 = .433, β = −0.004) and a moderate positive relationship with lower limb circumference (r2 = .497, β = 0.001). Lower limb circumference had the weakest relationship with AOP (r2 = .316, β = 0.050) of all measures. Conclusions: The reported relationships between lower limb muscle mass, lower limb circumference, and AOP suggest that as muscle mass increases, lower limb circumference also increases, yet AOP decreases. This implies that limb circumference should not be used as the primary measure for calculating AOP within the sampled population. We recommend individually measuring AOP when implementing blood flow restriction in all exercise modalities.
Signatures of a spin-active interface and a locally enhanced Zeeman field in a superconductor-chiral material heterostructure
Authors: Chen Cliff , Tran Jason , McFadden Anthony , Simmonds Raymond , Saito Keisuke , Chu En-De , Morales Daniel , Suezaki Varrick , Hou Yasen , Aumentado Joe , Lee Patrick A. , Moodera Jagadeesh S. , Wei Peng
Published: August 2024

A localized Zeeman field, intensified at heterostructure interfaces, could play a crucial role in a broad area including spintronics and unconventional superconductors. Conventionally, the generation of a local Zeeman field is achieved through magnetic exchange coupling with a magnetic material. However, magnetic elements often introduce defects, which could weaken or destroy superconductivity. Alternatively, the coupling between a superconductor with strong spin-orbit coupling and a nonmagnetic chiral material could serve as a promising approach to generate a spin-active interface. Here, we leverage an interface superconductor, namely, induced superconductivity in noble metal surface states, to probe the spin-active interface. Our results unveil an enhanced interface Zeeman field, which selectively closes the surface superconducting gap while preserving the bulk superconducting pairing. The chiral material, i.e., trigonal tellurium, also induces Andreev bound states (ABS) exhibiting spin polarization. The field dependence of ABS manifests a substantially enhanced interface Landé
g
-factor (

g
eff

~ 12), thereby corroborating the enhanced interface Zeeman energy.
Successful application of eculizumab in typical haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Authors: Hagopian Garo , Yazdanpanah Omid , Tran Minh-Ha , Lee Lisa
Published: August 2024

A woman in her 40s with no medical history presented on hospital day #0 with 3 days of epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and bloody diarrhoea. Initial blood work demonstrated acute kidney injury with metabolic acidosis with an elevated anion gap, thrombocytopenia, an elevated lactate dehydrogenase, and an undetectable haptoglobin. She was quickly diagnosed with haemolytic uraemic syndrome from Shiga toxin-producing O157:H7Escherichia coli. Her microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia and renal failure progressively worsened and only improved after the initiation of eculizumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against complement component C5. We report a case of Shiga toxin-producingE. coli-haemolytic uraemia syndrome with a complement-mediated component.
Cohort profile: the Dynamics of Family Conflict (FamC) study in Norway
Authors: Larsen Linda , Buchmann Nelli , Morbech Maria , Holt Tonje , Roysamb Espen , Helland Maren Sand
Published: August 2024

Purpose

The Dynamics of Family Conflict (FamC) prospective cohort study was set up to investigate how and why interparental conflicts and family relations develop over time, and in which contexts which types of conflicts and relations are most negative for which children. FamC focuses on the family within a scope spanning macrolevel as well as microlevel processes.

Participants

Families were recruited from MoBa (pilot project) and family counselling offices across Norway when parents attended parental counselling, therapy or mandatory mediation in relation to parental relationship dissolution. All families were thus experiencing challenges and/or going through a family transition. Families were eligible for the study if parents had at least one joint child between 0 and 16 years. Both parents and up to five children from the same family could participate. A total of 2871 families were recruited (participation rate wave 1: 78%) and an estimated 55% of parents (based on wave 1 data) were divorced/separated. Additional data were obtained from therapists/mediators at the family counselling offices about the family, and childcare or schoolteachers provided data on the youngest (0–6 years) children.

Findings to date

Results show that interparental conflict patterns vary with family constellation. Interparental conflict severity is inversely related to the discrepancy between child-reported and parent-reported child reactions to interparental conflicts, and child-self-reported reactions are higher relative to parent-reported child reactions. Other findings show that family characteristics (eg, the number and age of children in the family and financial difficulties) are predictive of the type of residence arrangement that parents practice.

Future plans

The cohort is ideally suited for cross-cultural comparisons and further examination of family processes and dynamics including parent repartnering, step-parents and new family members, associations between different family constellations and child adjustment, and fathering, father–child relationship and child adjustment. There are plans for further follow-up data collection.
Contemporaneous symptom networks analysis in lymphoma patients during chemotherapy: protocol for a single-centre prospective cross-sectional study
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Liu Lizhen , Li Wenxin , Lei Lingling , Li Wanling , Wu Lihua
Published: August 2024

Background

Symptom networks offer a theoretical basis for developing personalised and precise symptom management strategies. However, symptom networks in lymphoma patients during chemotherapy have been rarely reported. This study intends to establish contemporaneous symptom networks in lymphoma patients during chemotherapy and explore the centrality indices and density in these symptom networks.

Methods and analysis

This is a single-centre prospective cross-sectional study. A total of 315 lymphoma patients admitted to the Lymphoma Department of Shanxi Bethune Hospital since 1 June 2024 will be selected as the study subjects. The patient-reported outcome measures of General Data Questionnaire and Lymphoma Symptom Assessment Scale will be assessed. R package will be used to construct a contemporaneous symptom network, explore the relationship between core and analysed symptoms and analyse the predictive role of network density on patient prognosis.

Ethics and dissemination

This study adheres to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant ethical guidelines. Ethical approval has been obtained from Shanxi Bethune Hospital Ethics Committee (approval number: YXLL-2023-186). The final outcomes will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated through a conference.
Comparison of combined intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis with intravenous thrombolysis alone in stroke patients undergoing mechanical thrombectomy: a propensity-matched analysis
Authors: Elawady Sameh Samir , Abo Kasem Rahim , Mulpur Bhageeradh , Cunningham Conor , Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Sowlat Mohammad-Mahdi , Orscelik Atakan , Nawabi Noah L A , Isidor Julio , Maier Ilko , Jabbour Pascal , Kim Joon-tae , Wolfe Stacey Q , Rai Ansaar , Starke Robert M , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Samaniego Edgar A , Yoshimura Shinichi , Cuellar Hugo , Howard Brian M , Alawieh Ali , Alaraj Ali , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Romano Daniele G , Tanweer Omar , Mascitelli Justin R , Fragata Isabel , Polifka Adam J , Siddiqui Fazeel , Osbun Joshua W , Grandhi Ramesh , Crosa Roberto Javier , Matouk Charles , Park Min S , Brinjikji Waleed , Moss Mark , Daglioglu Ergun , Williamson Richard , Navia Pedro , Kan Peter , De Leacy Reade Andrew , Chowdhry Shakeel A , Altschul David , Spiotta Alejandro M , Levitt Michael R , Goyal Nitin
Published: August 2024

Background

A combination of intravenous (IVT) or intra-arterial (IAT) thrombolysis with mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO) has been investigated. However, there is limited data on patients who receive both IVT and IAT compared with IVT alone before MT.

Methods

STAR data from 2013 to 2023 was utilized. We performed propensity score matching between the two groups. The primary outcomes were symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0–2. Secondary outcomes included successful recanalization (modified treatment in cerebral infarction (mTICI) ≥2B, ≥2C), early neurological improvement, any intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and 90-day mortality.

Results

A total of 2454 AIS-LVO patients were included. Propensity matching yielded 190 well-matched patients in each group. No significant differences were observed between the groups in either ICH or sICH (odds ratio (OR): 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51–1.24, P=0.37; OR: 0.60, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.24, P=0.21, respectively). Rates of successful recanalization and early neurological improvement (ENI) were significantly lower in MT+IVT + IAT. mRS 0–1 and mortality were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the MT+IVT + IAT group demonstrated superior rates of good functional outcomes (90-day mRS 0–1) compared with patients in the MT+IVT group who had mTICI ≤2B, (OR: 2.18, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.99, P=0.04).

Conclusion

The combined use of IAT and IVT thrombolysis in AIS-LVO patients undergoing MT is safe. Although the MT+IVT+ IAT group demonstrated lower rates of recanalization and early neurological improvement, long-term functional outcomes were favorable in this group suggesting a potential delayed benefit of IAT.
Long-term safety and efficacy of anti-TNF multivalent VHH antibodies ozoralizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiya , Miyazaki Yusuke , Kawanishi Masafumi , Yamasaki Hironori , Takeuchi Tsutomu
Published: August 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy profiles of ozoralizumab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from the OHZORA, NATSUZORA and HOSHIZORA trials.

Methods

This study conducted an integrated analysis of the three trials. Patients who completed the OHZORA trial with concomitant treatment of ozoralizumab and methotrexate (MTX) or the NATSUZORA trial without MTX were eligible to participate in the long-term extension HOSHIZORA trial. Safety assessment was performed in the safety analysis set, and the incidence rate per 100 person-year (PY) was calculated for a summary of adverse events (AEs) and AEs of special interests (AESIs). The efficacy was analysed in terms of disease activity index response rates and functional remission.

Results

The OHZORA and NATSUZORA trials enrolled 521 patients, of whom 401 patients entered the HOSHIZORA trial and 279 completed the long-term extension treatment with a mean treatment duration of 200 weeks and total exposure of 1419.34 PY in all enrolled patients. Of the patients, 96.9% demonstrated ≥1 AEs, which is mostly mild to moderate. One death was observed, but no conspicuous AEs emerged and no specific concerns in AESIs were found through the long-term administration. The efficacy assessment revealed the maintained American College of Rheumatology response rates of 20%, 50%, and 70% during the trials.

Conclusion

This integrated analysis revealed no new safety concerns, and the efficacy was maintained in patients with RA under long-term ozoralizumab administration.

Trial registration number

jRCT2080223971, jRCT2080223973,NCT04077567.
Bedside percutaneous cryoneurolysis technique for management of acute rib fracture pain in adult trauma patients
Authors: Villalta Cynthia I , Mian Rabiya K , Grossman Verner Heather M , Farsakh Dana , Browne Timothy C , Goldstein Zachary S , McDaniel Conner
Published: August 2024

Background

Acute pain due to rib fractures causes significant in-hospital morbidity and impacts patients’ quality of life after discharge. Intraoperative transthoracic cryoneurolysis of the intercostal nerves can improve postoperative pain; however, non-surgical patients are provided limited analgesia options. Here, we describe our experience with a bedside cryoanalgesia technique for management of acute rib fracture pain.

Methods

Five patients at a single level I trauma center completed bedside intercostal nerve cryoneurolysis (INC) using a handheld cryotherapy device and ultrasound guidance. Relative pain ratings (scale 0–10/10) and maximal incentive spirometry (ISmax) volumes were taken prior to the procedure as a baseline. Patients were observed for 24 hours after procedure, with relative pain ratings and ISmaxrecorded at 1, 8, 16, and 24 hours after procedure.

Results

Our patients were 29–88 years old and had one to five single-sided rib fractures. At baseline, they had high pre-procedure pain ratings (7–10/10) and ISmaxvolumes of 800–2000 mL. Many had improvements in their pain rating but little change in their ISmaxat 1 hour (1–5/10 and 1000–2000 mL, respectively) and 8 hours (1–5/10 and 1250–2400 mL, respectively). ISmaxvolumes improved by 16 hours (1500–2400 mL) with comparable pain ratings (0–5/10). At 24 hours, pain ratings and ISmaxranged from 0 to 8/10 and from 1500 mL to 2400 mL, respectively. Each patient had improved pain control and ISmaxvolumes compared with their pre-procedure values. All patients reported the procedure as an asset to their recovery at discharge.

Conclusions

Our study demonstrates patients with rib fractures may experience improved pain ratings and ISmaxvalues after INC. Percutaneous INC appears to be a viable adjunct to multimodal pain control for patients with rib fractures and should be considered in patients with difficult pain control. Further studies are required to fully assess INC safety, efficacy, post-discharge outcomes, and utility in patients with altered mental status or on mechanical ventilation.

Level of evidence

Level V, case series.
Best practices for calibration of forest landscape models using fine-scaled reference information
Authors: Reese Gordon C. , Sturtevant Brian R. , Dymond Caren C. , Quigley Kathleen M. , Duveneck Matthew J. , Lucash Melissa S. , Gustafson Eric J. , Scheller Robert M. , Russell Matthew B. , Miranda Brian R.
Published: August 2024

Forest Landscape Models (FLMs) project responses to different climate, disturbance, and management scenarios and can inform decision-making that shapes ecosystems. However, use of FLM outputs by decision makers can be hampered by a lack of transparency and credibility in the calibration of modeled processes. Landscape modelers typically use fine-scaled (i.e., plot- or stand-level) information to calibrate the growth functions central to FLMs, but methods vary widely and are often poorly documented. We suggest best practices for calibration and assessment of tree growth in FLMs adapted from prior guidelines to increase rigor in ecological models and their application. Our proposed best practices include: (1) evaluating available information, (2) articulating assumptions, (3) accounting for scale, (4) formalizing model assessment stages, (5) grounding parameter ranges within empirical bounds, (6) considering parameter sensitivity, (7) verifying and corroborating output, (8) making iterative improvements, and (9) delivering sufficient documentation. We illustrate our approach across five case studies that involve a diversity of FLM designs centred on the tree-species, age-cohort structure available within the LANscape DIsturbance and Succession (LANDIS-II) modeling framework. We suggest that these best practices are applicable to many FLM platforms and provide the enhanced transparency essential for wider scientific acceptance of FLM projections.