bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stellar Population and Elemental Abundance Gradients of Early-type Galaxies*
Authors: Feldmeier-Krause A. , Lonoce I. , Freedman W. L.
Published: December 2021

The evolution of galaxies is imprinted on their stellar populations. Several stellar population properties in massive early-type galaxies have been shown to correlate with intrinsic galaxy properties such as the galaxy’s central velocity dispersion, suggesting that stars formed in an initial collapse of gas (z ∼ 2). However, stellar populations change as a function of galaxy radius, and it is not clear how local gradients of individual galaxies are influenced by global galaxy properties and galaxy environment. In this paper, we study the stellar populations of eight early-type galaxies as a function of radius. We use optical spectroscopy (∼4000–8600 Å) and full spectral fitting to measure stellar population age, metallicity, slope of the initial mass function (IMF), and nine elemental abundances (O, Mg, Si, Ca, Ti, C, N, Na, and Fe) out to 1 R

e
for each galaxy individually. We find a wide range of properties, with ages ranging from 3–13 Gyr. Some galaxies have a radially constant, Salpeter-like IMF, and other galaxies have a super-Salpeter IMF in the center, decreasing to a sub-Salpeter IMF at ∼0.5 R

e
. We find a global correlation of the central [Z/H] with the central IMF and the radial gradient of the IMF for the eight galaxies, but local correlations of the IMF slope with other stellar population parameters hold only for subsets of the galaxies in our sample. Some elemental abundances also correlate locally with each other within a galaxy, suggesting a common production channel. These local correlations appear only in subsets of our galaxies, indicating variations of the stellar content among different galaxies.
Multiphase Outflows in High-redshift Quasar Host Galaxies
Authors: Vayner Andrey , Zakamska Nadia , Wright Shelley A. , Armus Lee , Murray Norman , Walth Gregory
Published: December 2021

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of six radio-loud quasar host galaxies at z = 1.4–2.3. We combine the kiloparsec-scale resolution ALMA observations with high spatial resolution adaptive optics integral field spectrograph data of the ionized gas. We detect molecular gas emission in five quasar host galaxies and resolve the molecular interstellar medium using the CO (3–2) or CO (4–3) rotational transitions. Clumpy molecular outflows are detected in four quasar host galaxies and a merger system 21 kpc away from one quasar. Between the ionized and cold molecular gas phases, the majority of the outflowing mass is in a molecular phase, while for three out of four detected multiphase gas outflows, the majority of the kinetic luminosity and momentum flux is in the ionized phase. Combining the energetics of the multiphase outflows, we find that their driving mechanism is consistent with energy-conserving shocks produced by the impact of the quasar jets with the gas in the galaxy. By assessing the molecular gas mass to the dynamics of the outflows, we estimate a molecular gas depletion timescale of a few megayears. The gas outflow rates exceed the star formation rates, suggesting that quasar feedback is a major mechanism of gas depletion at the present time. The coupling efficiency between the kinetic luminosity of the outflows and the bolometric luminosity of the quasar of 0.1%–1% is consistent with theoretical predictions. Studying multiphase gas outflows at high redshift is important for quantifying the impact of negative feedback in shaping the evolution of massive galaxies.
A Unified Model for the Fan Region and the North Polar Spur: A Bundle of Filaments in the Local Galaxy
Authors: West J. L. , Landecker T. L. , Gaensler B. M. , Jaffe T. , Hill A. S.
Published: December 2021

We present a simple, unified model that can explain two of the brightest, large-scale, diffuse, polarized radio features in the sky, the North Polar Spur (NPS) and the Fan Region, along with several other prominent loops. We suggest that they are long, magnetized, and parallel filamentary structures that surround the Local arm and/or Local Bubble, in which the Sun is embedded. We show that this model is consistent with the large number of observational studies on these regions and is able to resolve an apparent contradiction in the literature that suggests that the high-latitude portion of the NPS is nearby, while lower-latitude portions are more distant. Understanding the contributions of this local emission is critical to developing a complete model of the Galactic magnetic field. These very nearby structures also provide context to help understand similar nonthermal, filamentary structures that are increasingly being observed with modern radio telescopes.
A Comparison of Circumgalactic Mg ii Absorption between the TNG50 Simulation and the MEGAFLOW Survey
Authors: DeFelippis Daniel , Bouché Nicolas F. , Genel Shy , Bryan Greg L. , Nelson Dylan , Marinacci Federico , Hernquist Lars
Published: December 2021

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) contains information on gas flows around galaxies, such as accretion and supernova-driven winds, which are difficult to constrain from observations alone. Here, we use the high-resolution TNG50 cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulation to study the properties and kinematics of the CGM around star-forming galaxies in 1011.5–1012
M
⊙ halos at z ≃ 1 using mock Mg ii absorption lines, which we generate by postprocessing halos to account for photoionization in the presence of a UV background. We find that the Mg ii gas is a very good tracer of the cold CGM, which is accreting inward at inflow velocities of up to 50 km s−1. For sight lines aligned with the galaxy’s major axis, we find that Mg ii absorption lines are kinematically shifted due to the cold CGM’s significant corotation at speeds up to 50% of the virial velocity for impact parameters up to 60 kpc. We compare mock Mg ii spectra to observations from the MusE GAs FLow and Wind (MEGAFLOW) survey of strong Mg ii absorbers (EW2796 Å
0 > 0.5 Å). After matching the equivalent-width (EW) selection, we find that the mock Mg ii spectra reflect the diversity of observed kinematics and EWs from MEGAFLOW, even though the sight lines probe a very small fraction of the CGM. Mg ii absorption in higher-mass halos is stronger and broader than in lower-mass halos but has qualitatively similar kinematics. The median-specific angular momentum of the Mg ii CGM gas in TNG50 is very similar to that of the entire CGM and only differs from non-CGM components of the halo by normalization factors of ≲1 dex.
Diffusion of Cosmic Rays in MHD Turbulence with Magnetic Mirrors
Authors: Lazarian Alex , Xu Siyao
Published: December 2021

As the fundamental physical process with many astrophysical implications, the diffusion of cosmic rays (CRs) is determined by their interaction with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. We consider the magnetic mirroring effect arising from MHD turbulence on the diffusion of CRs. Due to the intrinsic superdiffusion of turbulent magnetic fields, CRs with large pitch angles that undergo mirror reflection, i.e., bouncing CRs, are not trapped between magnetic mirrors, but move diffusively along the turbulent magnetic field, leading to a new type of parallel diffusion, i.e., mirror diffusion. This mirror diffusion is in general slower than the diffusion of nonbouncing CRs with small pitch angles that undergo gyroresonant scattering. The critical pitch angle at the balance between magnetic mirroring and pitch-angle scattering is important for determining the diffusion coefficients of both bouncing and nonbouncing CRs and their scalings with the CR energy. We find nonuniversal energy scalings of diffusion coefficients, depending on the properties of MHD turbulence.
Surveying the Bright Stars by Optical Interferometry. III. A Magnitude-limited Multiplicity Survey of Classical Be Stars
Authors: Hutter D. J. , Tycner C. , Zavala R. T. , Benson J. A. , Hummel C. A. , Zirm H.
Published: December 2021

We present the results of a multiplicity survey for a magnitude-limited sample of 31 classical Be stars conducted with the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer and the Mark III Stellar Interferometer. The interferometric observations were used to detect companions in 10 previously known binary systems. For two of these sources (66 Oph and β Cep) new orbital solutions were obtained, while for a third source (υ Sgr) our observations provide the first direct, visual detection of the hot companion to the primary star. Combining our interferometric observations with an extensive literature search, we conclude that an additional four sources (o Cas, 15 Mon, β Lyr, and β Cep) also contain wider binary components that are physical companions to the narrow binaries, thus forming hierarchical multiple systems. Among the sources not previously confirmed as spectroscopic or visual binaries, BK Cam was resolved on a number of nights within a close physical proximity of another star with relative motion possibly suggesting a physical binary. Combining our interferometric observations with an extensive literature search, we provide a detailed listing of companions known around each star in the sample, and discuss the multiplicity frequency in the sample. We also discuss the prospects for future multiplicity studies of classical Be stars by long-baseline optical interferometry.
The Spitzer/IRAC Legacy over the GOODS Fields: Full-depth 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm Mosaics and Photometry for >9000 Galaxies at z ∼ 3.5–10 from the GOODS Reionization Era Wide-area Treasury from Spitzer (GREATS)
Authors: Stefanon Mauro , Labbé Ivo , Oesch Pascal A. , De Barros Stephane , Gonzalez Valentino , Bouwens Rychard J. , Franx Marijn , Illingworth Garth D. , Holden Brad , Magee Dan , Smit Renske , van Dokkum Pieter
Published: December 2021

We present the deepest Spitzer/InfraRed Array Camera (IRAC) 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, and 8.0 μm wide-area mosaics yet over the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS)-N and GOODS-S fields as part of the GOODS Reionization Era wide-Area Treasury from Spitzer (GREATS) project. We reduced and mosaicked in a self-consistent way observations taken by the 11 different Spitzer/IRAC programs over the two GOODS fields from 12 yr of Spitzer cryogenic and warm-mission data. The cumulative depth in the 3.6 μm and 4.5 μm bands amounts to ∼4260 hr, ∼1220 hr of which are new very deep observations from the GREATS program itself. In the deepest area, the full-depth mosaics reach ≳200 hr over an area of ∼100 arcmin2, corresponding to a sensitivity of ∼29 AB magnitude at 3.6 μm (1σ for point sources). Archival cryogenic 5.8 μm and 8.0 μm band data (a cumulative 976 hr) are also included in the release. The mosaics are projected onto the tangential plane of the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey/GOODS at a 0.″3 pixel−1 scale. This paper describes the methodology enabling, and the characteristics of, the public release of the mosaic science images, the corresponding coverage maps in the four IRAC bands, and the empirical point-spread functions (PSFs). These PSFs enable mitigation of the source blending effects by taking into account the complex position-dependent variation in the IRAC images. The GREATS data products are in the Infrared Science Archive. We also release the deblended 3.6–8.0 μm photometry 9192 Lyman-break galaxies at z ∼ 3.5–10. GREATS will be the deepest mid-infrared imaging until the James Webb Space Telescope and, as such, constitutes a major resource for characterizing early galaxy assembly.
Point-spread Function Deconvolution of the IFU Data and Restoration of Galaxy Stellar Kinematics
Authors: Chung Haeun , Park Changbom , Park Yong-Sun
Published: December 2021

We present a performance test of the point-spread function (PSF) deconvolution algorithm applied to astronomical integral field unit (IFU) spectroscopy data for restoration of galaxy kinematics. We deconvolve the IFU data by applying the Lucy–Richardson algorithm to the 2D image slice at each wavelength. We demonstrate that the algorithm can effectively recover the true stellar kinematics of the galaxy, by using mock IFU data with a diverse combination of surface brightness profile, signal-to-noise ratio, line-of-sight geometry, and line-of-sight velocity distribution (LOSVD). In addition, we show that the proxy of the spin parameter

λ

R

e

can be accurately measured from the deconvolved IFU data. We apply the deconvolution algorithm to the actual SDSS-IV MaNGA IFU survey data. The 2D LOSVD, geometry, and

λ

R

e

measured from the deconvolved MaNGA IFU data exhibit noticeable differences compared to the ones measured from the original IFU data. The method can be applied to any other regular-grid IFU data to extract the PSF-deconvolved spatial information.
Interstellar Extinction and Elemental Abundances: Individual Sight Lines
Authors: Zuo Wenbo , Li Aigen , Zhao Gang
Published: December 2021

While it is well recognized that both the Galactic interstellar extinction curves and the gas-phase abundances of dust-forming elements exhibit considerable variations from one sight line to another, as yet most of the dust extinction modeling efforts have been directed to the Galactic average extinction curve, which is obtained by averaging over many clouds of different gas and dust properties. Therefore, any details concerning the relationship between the dust properties and the interstellar environments are lost. Here we utilize the wealth of extinction and elemental abundance data obtained by space telescopes and explore the dust properties of a large number of individual sight lines. We model the observed extinction curve of each sight line and derive the abundances of the major dust-forming elements (i.e., C, O, Si, Mg, and Fe) required to be tied up in dust (i.e., dust depletion). We then confront the derived dust depletions with the observed gas-phase abundances of these elements and investigate the environmental effects on the dust properties and elemental depletions. It is found that for the majority of the sight lines the interstellar oxygen atoms are fully accommodated by gas and dust and therefore there does not appear to be a “missing oxygen” problem. For those sight lines with an extinction-to-hydrogen column density A

V
/N
H ≳ 4.8 × 10−22 mag cm2 H−1 there are shortages of C, Si, Mg, and Fe elements for making dust to account for the observed extinction, even if the interstellar C/H, Si/H, Mg/H, and Fe/H abundances are assumed to be protosolar abundances augmented by Galactic chemical evolution.
Wide Variability in the Sensitivity and Specificity of Rotavirus Immunoassay Diagnostic Kits in Practice
Authors: Shaker Rouba , Abdalrahman Ebla , Ali Zainab , Reslan Lina , Harastani Houda , Haidar Amjad , Ghanem Soha , Hajar Farah , Inati Adlette , Rajab Mariam , Baassiri Ghassan , Ghanem Bassam , Fakhoury Hassan , Araj George , Matar Ghassan M , Dbaibo Ghassan
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Most hospitals rely on rapid antigen-detection kits for the diagnosis of rotavirus infection. Several small studies reviewed the sensitivity and specificity of some of these kits. These studies showed discrepancy in results obtained for sensitivity and specificity that varied according to the type of kit used, area of study, and type of test used as standard for diagnosis of rotavirus infection. The objective of the study is to determine the sensitivity and specificity of five commonly used rotavirus immunoassay kits in comparison to RT-PCR as standard. Methodology: Stool samples (N = 1,414) collected from children under 5 years of age hospitalized with gastroenteritis were tested for rotavirus by immunoassay kits and RT-PCR in a prospective hospital-based surveillance study conducted at 7 centers in Lebanon. Concordance and discrepancy between the two methods was used to calculate sensitivity and specificity, using RT-PCR as the “gold standard”. Results: The sensitivity and specificity were respectively 95.08% and 86.62% for the SD Bioline® (Standard Diagnostics, Inc, South Korea) kit calculated on 645 samples, 65.86% and 45.90% for the VIROTECT® (Trinity Biotech, Ireland) kit calculated on 327 samples, 83.9% and 64.2% for the Rota-Strip (C-1001) (Coris Bioconcept, Belgium) calculated on 95 samples, 52.3% and 10.9% for the Acon® (Acon Laboratories, Inc, California, USA) kit calculated on 122 samples, 68.1% and 20% for the VIKIA® Rota-Adéno (Biomerieux, France) kit calculated on 32 samples. Conclusion: A wide discrepancy was detected between the calculated and advertised sensitivity and specificity for most of the kits.
Cephalic tetanus manifesting as isolated facial nerve palsy- a case report from rural Armenia
Authors: Kishmiryan Armen , Gautam Jeevan , Acharya Deeksha , Singh Bishnu Mohan , Ohanyan Armen , Arakelyan Anna , Vahanyan Anush , Shoura Sami
Published: December 2021

Cephalic tetanus is a rare clinical form of tetanus, clinically characterized by trismus and cranial nerve palsy involving one or more cranial nerves, facial nerve being the most common. We report a case of cephalic tetanus with left-sided lower motor facial nerve palsy in a 66-year-old non-immunized patient after an untreated laceration injury. The patient had dysphagia, spasm of the muscles of mastication, asymmetry of the left side of the face, cough, shortness of breath, and stiffness of neck muscles. The presentation was unique given that the facial nerve palsy appeared prior to the occurrence of trismus, which misled the initial diagnosis towards Bell's palsy. He was successfully treated with tetanus antitoxin without any adverse events. Although widespread use of tetanus vaccine has led to a dramatic decline in this fatal disease, sporadic disease occurrence is still possible, particularly in individuals without up-to-date vaccinations. In this case report we illustrate the importance of early recognition of cephalic tetanus prior to the development of the full clinical picture. The early initiation of therapy is the key to recovery from this deadly disease. Physicians are encouraged to include cephalic tetanus as a cause of facial nerve palsy in their differential. In particular, paying attention to cases manifesting early after head or neck injury.
On the early detecting of the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Aba Oud Mohammed , Almuqrin Muqrin
Published: December 2021

Introduction: This paper aims to measure the performance of early detection methods, which are usually used for infectious diseases.

Methodology: By using real data of confirmed Coronavirus cases from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and Italy, the moving epidemic method (MEM) and the moving average cumulative sums (Mov. Avg Cusum) methods are used in our simulation study.

Results: Our results suggested that the CUSUM method outperforms the MEM in detecting the start of the Coronavirus outbreak.
Emergence of tigecycline-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 clone in patients without exposure to tigecycline
Authors: Goodarzi Rezvan , Arabestani Mohammadreza , Alikhani Mohmmad Yousef , Keramat Fariba , Asghari Babak
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Tigecycline is a unique class of semi-synthetic glycylcyclines developed to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. In the past decades, eight tigecycline-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates have been identified in Tehran and no Klebsiella pneumoniae has been reported.

Methodology: To elucidate the mechanism of K. pneumoniae efflux pump-mediated resistance, the expression of efflux pump genes (oqxA, oqxB, acrA, acrB, tolC) and regulators (acrR, ramA, marA, soxS, rarA, rob) was investigated by real-time RT-PCR. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of tigecycline-resistant strains was also performed.

Results: Compared to the tigecycline sensitive strain K32 (negative control), all resistant strains showed higher expression levels of efflux genes and regulatory factors. Three tigecycline-resistant strains (K53, K67, K79) showed higher levels of rarA expression (38.1-fold, 41-fold and 24-fold, respectively) and oqxB pump gene (48.2-fold, 60-fold and 58-fold, respectively). The increased expression of acrB was associated with the expression of ramA. However, to the best of our knowledge, studies on the mechanisms of resistance of K. pneumoniae strains to tigecycline are limited, especially in developing countries such as Iran.

Conclusions: In the present study, we found that both AcrAB-TolC and OqxAB efflux pumps may play an important role in tigecycline resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates. Finally, the emergence of ST11 molecular type of resistant isolates should be monitored in hospitals to identify factors leading to tigecycline resistance.
COVID-19 pandemic: a reminder to develop forensic radiology facility
Authors: Kanchan Tanuj , Saraf Ashish , Krishan Kewal , Surekha Binit , Garg Pawan , Misra Sanjeev
Published: December 2021

COVID-19 outbreak has resulted in a substantial morbidity and mortality, and has put the health system under tremendous stress. A need for devising and adopting newer methods and techniques is being emphasized in the healthcare facilities to combat the effects of the SARS-CoV-2. Besides patient care, focus needs to be laid on the effective and dignified management of the deceased and medico-legal services provided by the hospitals and medical institutions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the likelihood of forensic experts and autopsy personnel being exposed to SARS-CoV-2 inadvertently during the autopsy, it is recommended to resort to safer and minimally invasive techniques of postmortem examination of the dead. In this regard, employing radiological techniques for postmortem examination appears to be a promising option during the COVID-19 pandemic. An inherent advantage of postmortem radiography over conventional autopsies is the minimization of the risk of transmission of infection to the health care workers. Our correspondence highlights on the possibility of using radiological facilities as an effective replacement of high-risk conventional autopsy procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The potential counter effect of COVID-19 outbreak on an antimicrobial agents prescribing educational intervention
Authors: Yasein Nada , Shroukh Wejdan , Barghouti Farihan , Hassanin Omayma , Yousef Hala , AlSmairat Maram , Al Hiary Ghadeer , AlFayoumi Farah
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Educational interventions targeting health care professionals can contribute to improving knowledge and behaviors of antimicrobial agents prescribing. However, the unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak caused a disruption of the current practices and treatment guidelines. Therefore, it is highly likely that the pandemic had its disruptive effect on any educational interventions that were going on during the outbreak. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention in improving antimicrobial agents prescribing

Methodology: This was a randomized controlled study that included 69 resident physicians in a teaching hospital. The intervention group received an educational intervention focusing on antimicrobial agents prescribing and resistance. Before and after the intervention, outpatient antimicrobial agents prescribing rates for the two study arms were compared for the pre- and post-intervention periods. Additionally, all participants were asked to complete an online questionnaire that measured their knowledge, attitudes and behavioral intention towards antimicrobial agents resistance and prescription. The post-intervention period included the months of February, March, and June 2020. April and May were excluded from the study period since clinics were closed due to the COVID -19 pandemic.

Results: Post-intervention, the rate of antimicrobial agents prescribing by the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p < 0.001). Mean fear score for the intervention group was significantly lower than that for the control group after the intervention.

Conclusions: Findings indicate failure of the educational intervention in improving antimicrobial agents prescribing. However, an unexpected counter effect of the COVID-19 outbreak is highly likely.
Morpho-functional indicators changes of rats’ myocardium in experimental doxorubicin-induced chronic heart failure and its pharmacological modulation with new 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole derivative
Authors: Bak Pavlo G. , Belenichev Igor F. , Kucherenko Liudmyla I. , Abramov Andrei V. , Khromylоva Olga V.
Published: December 2021

Bromide 1 - (β-phenylethyl)-4-amino-1,2,4-triazolium (Hypertril) has the properties of a beta-blocker and of NO-mimetic, is assigned to the IV class of toxicity. All these effects make Hypertril a promising drug for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this paper was to study the cardioprotective action of Hypertril in terms of the effect on the morpho-functional parameters of the myocardium in rats with experimental chronic heart failure (CHF). CHF was modeled on 80 white outbred rats weighing 190–220g by administering doxorubicin at a cumulative dose of 15 mg/kg. Hypertril and the reference drug metoprolol succinate were administered within 30 days after CHF modeling, intragastrically at doses of 3.5 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg. Morphometric analysis of the cellular structure of the myocardium was carried out on an Axioskop microscope (Zeiss, Germany), in an automatic mode using a macro program developed in a specialized programming environment VIDAS-2.5 (Kontron Elektronik, Germany). The administration of Hypertril to animals with CHF led to an increase in the density of nuclei of cardiomyocytes, the area of myocardiocyte nuclei, an increase in the nuclear cytoplasmic ratio and an increase in the concentration of RNA in the nuclei and cytoplasm of cardiomyocytes compared with the group of untreated animals, which indicated the presence of a pronounced cardioprotective effect in the drug candidate. In terms of such indicators as the density of surviving cardiomyocytes and the content of RNA in them, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio of Hypertril is significantly (p < 0.05) superior to metoprolol.
Two-year clinical outcomes after discontinuation of long-term golimumab therapy in Korean patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Shin Kichul , Kwon Hyun Mi , Kim Min Jung , Yoon Myung Jae , Chai Hyun Gyung , Kang Seong-Wook , Park Won , Park Sung-Hwan , Suh Chang Hee , Kim Hyun Ah , Lee Seung-Geun , Lee Choong Ki , Bae Sang-Cheol , Park Yong-Beom , Song Yeong Wook
Published: December 2021

Background/Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate long-term post-discontinuation outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who had been treated with tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors (TNF-αi) which was then discontinued.Methods: Sixty Korean patients with RA who participated in a 5-year GO-BEFORE and GO-FORWARD extension trials were included in this retrospective study. Golimumab was deliberately discontinued after the extension study (baseline). Patients were then followed by their rheumatologists. We reviewed their medical records for 2 years (max 28 months) following golimumab discontinuation. Patients were divided into a maintained benefit (MB) group and a loss-of-benefit (LB) group based on treatment pattern after golimumab discontinuation. The LB group included patients whose conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drug(s) were stepped-up or added/switched (SC) and those who restarted biologic therapy (RB).Results: The mean age of patients at baseline was 56.5 years and 55 (91.7%) were females. At the end of follow-up, 23 (38.3%) patients remained in the MB group. In the LB group, 75.7% and 24.3% were assigned into SC and RB subgroups, respectively. Fifty percent of patients lost MB after 23.3 months. Demographics and clinical variables at baseline were comparable between MB and LB groups except for age, C-reactive protein level, and corticosteroid use. Restarting biologic therapy was associated with swollen joint count (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 3.55) and disease duration (adjusted HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.23) at baseline.Conclusions: Treatment strategies after discontinuing TNF-αi are needed to better maintain disease control and quality of life of patients with RA.
Clinical impact of proteinase 3-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positivity in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Ahn Sung Soo , Song Jason Jungsik , Park Yong-Beom , Lee Sang-Won
Published: December 2021

Background/Aims: This study investigated the clinical implication of proteinase 3 (PR3)-antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) in Korean patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA).Methods: Among the 242 patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis identified from the hospital database, 49 patients with EGPA were selected and analysed in this study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data at diagnosis were reviewed to compare the features of patients with PR3-ANCA and without, as well as the clinical outcomes of relapse and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) during the follow-up period. The outcomes of patients with PR3-ANCA and without were compared by using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis.Results: The median age of the patients was 54 years, 17 (34.7%) were male, and six (12.2%) patients had PR3-ANCA at baseline. The most common items of the 1990 American College of Rheumatology criteria for EGPA were sinusitis (95.9%) and asthma (or asthmatic history) (93.9%). During the follow-up, none died, eight experienced relapse and two progressed to ESRD. EGPA patients with PR3-ANCA exhibited peripheral eosinophilia less frequently than those without (50.0% vs. 88.4%, p = 0.047). On the other hand, EGPA patients with PR3-ANCA experienced relapse more often compared to those without (50.0% vs. 11.6%, p = 0.047), and the cumulative relapse-free survival rate was lower compared to those without PR3-ANCA (p = 0.012).Conclusions: EGPA patients possessing PR3-ANCA at disease diagnosis had distinct clinical feature and outcome compared to those without PR3-ANCA. These results should be taken into account in the management of patients with EGPA.
Aproximación a los sermonarios de Juan Gil de Zamora, OFM
Authors: Atanasio Peralta Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2021

En el artículo se propone una aproximación a los sermonarios del franciscano Juan Gil de Zamora quien floreció a finales del siglo XIII e inicios del XIV. Se presentan los cuatro manuscritos de segura atribución egidiana (Olomouc M II 243; Lisboa BN, IL.44; Asissi 414; Ciesyn, SZ DD V 7), la estructura de cada colección de sermones y su relación con las demás. A continuación, se comparan los dos prólogos que conservamos para deducir información sobre el posible proyecto de Juan Gil para la predicación. Para ello, ofrecemos en el apéndice la primera edición crítica del prólogo del manuscrito de Lisboa.
La «Doctrina de Buena Criança». Un ignorado manual de cortesía y buenas maneras recogido por Gregorio de Pesquera (Valladolid, 1554). Notas para la literatura didáctica y catequética hispana
Authors: Santolaria Sierra Félix
Published: December 2021

El artículo pretende presentar un olvidado manual hispano de cortesía y buenas maneras de 1554, usado en la educación popular y catequética del siglo XVI vinculada con la amplia red de colegios de doctrinos, extendida por los dominios de las coronas española y lusitana. Se compara con el conocido manual de Francisco de Ledesma (1599), y ofrece una fiel transcripción del texto versificado sin modernización del mismo. El estudio supone una aportación de nuevos materiales para la historia de la literatura catequética y didáctica de nuestros siglos modernos.
Historia de un pleito: conventos y escribanías en Bilbao y en Portugalete durante el siglo XVIII
Authors: Jone Intxaustegi Jauregi Nere
Published: December 2021

Durante el siglo XVIII, los conventos bilbaínos de la Santa Cruz y La Concepción de monjas franciscanas fueron dueños de tres escribanías en las villas de Bilbao y de Portugalete. Al tenerlas arrendadas, esta posesión supuso una ganancia económica, pero asimismo, fue una fuente de problemas judiciales, como la documentación de diversos archivos nos desvela. De esta manera, a través de este artículo, pretendemos revelar los motivos por los cuales las escribanías acabaron en manos de los conventos y las vicisitudes vividas. Si bien hay una bibliografía básica en torno a las escribanías y los conventos, la base en este artículo son los archivos, principalmente el Archivo Histórico Provincial de Bizkaia, donde hemos encontrado documentos que han hecho posible este artículo. Con ello pretendemos no sólo sacar a la luz información inédita sino también reflejar cómo dos ámbitos de poder, como fueron las escribanías y los conventos, estuvieron estrechamente unidos en el Antiguo Régimen.
El historicismo artístico como herramienta de legitimación política y religiosa. Antonio López Ferreiro y la segunda inventio del apóstol Santiago en Compostela
Authors: Pérez Varela Ana
Published: December 2021

En este artículo pretendemos recoger algunos de los parámetros ideológicos que llevaron a López Ferreiro a reconstruir la cripta de la catedral de Santiago haciendo uso del historicismo para legitimar los restos sagrados recuperados tras la segunda inventio, en un contexto de entusiasta actividad científica e historiográfica en el que se acentuó la polémica sobre la autenticidad de las reliquias del Apóstol. Además, este suceso se enmarca en las pretensiones del arzobispo Payá y Rico, abiertamente enfrentado con López Ferreiro y su cabildo. Nuestra reflexión recoge las fuentes y publicaciones creadas por el propio fabriquero, los documentos relativos a las obras consultados en el archivo de la catedral de Santiago, y un repaso de la bibliografía jacobea. Trataremos de demostrar que el diseño de cada elemento orquestado por el fabriquero persigue la identificación del objeto material con una idea cultural e histórica que evoca un poder y una religiosidad concreta basadas en los siglos I y XII.
Which Reason? Which Rationality?
Authors: Fogal Daniel , Worsnip Alex
Published: December 2021

The slogan that rationality is about responding to reasons has a turbulent history: once taken for granted; then widely rejected; now enjoying a resurgence. The slogan is made harder to assess by an ever-increasing plethora of distinctions pertaining to reasons and rationality. Here we are occupied with two such distinctions: that between subjective and objective reasons, and that between structural rationality (a.k.a. coherence) and substantive rationality (a.k.a. reasonableness). Our paper has two main aims. The first is to defend dualism about rationality—the view that affirms a deep distinction between structural and substantive rationality—against its monistic competitors. The second aim is to answer the question: with the two distinctions drawn, what becomes of the slogan that rationality is about responding to reasons? We’ll argue that structural rationality cannot be identified with responsiveness to any kind of reasons. As for substantive rationality, we join others in thinking that the most promising reasons-responsiveness account of substantive rationality will involve an “evidence-relative” understanding of reasons. But we also pose a challenge for making this idea precise—a challenge that ultimately calls into question the fundamentality of the notion of a reason even with respect to the analysis of substantive rationality.
L’ancienne rhétorique et l’étude des textes
Authors: Noille Christine
Published: December 2021

Notre propos ici sera d’éclairer le rapport institutionnel entre la rhétorique comme pratique sophistiquée et l’enseignement, en privilégiant trois focales sur le temps long : l’ancienne rhétorique à son apogée (xvie-xixe siècles), autrement dit, la pédagogie rhétorique avant l’avènement de la littérature ; la méthodologie rhétorique dans la pédagogie au xxe siècle, quand elle offre des procédures raffinées à l’enseignement de la littérature ; enfin, l’avènement en France au xxie siècle de ce nouvel exercice qu’est le grand oral du baccalauréat et qui signe l’invention d’un genus dicendi éminemment complexe.
Y a-t-il une rhétorique romantique ? Enseignement et pratique de l’éloquence (1800‑1830)
Authors: Sukiennicka Marta
Published: December 2021

Après une profonde remise en cause de la rhétorique pendant les Lumières et la Révolution française, le début du xixe siècle signe une renaissance de cette discipline et sa réintégration dans le cursus scolaire. Les écrivains romantiques reçurent une excellente éducation rhétorique qui a laissé une trace profonde sur leurs œuvres littéraires. Les écrits de Charles Nodier, orateur révolutionnaire, professeur d’éloquence qui fut aussi l’un des pères du romantisme français, témoignent comment la rhétorique informait la littérature des années 1830. Dans son Dernier Banquet des Girondins, Nodier exploite savamment la topique du genre délibératif pour dépeindre un des moments climatériques de l’éloquence révolutionnaire qui, selon lui, donna naissance à la sensibilité et la littérature romantiques.
La force de la parole : éléments de réflexion sur la place de l’éloquence aujourd’hui
Authors: Brunn Alain
Published: December 2021

L’expérimentation d’un enseignement de l’éloquence dans les classes de troisième, pendant les années scolaires 2019-2020 et 2020-2021, a rencontré un accueil très favorable et donné lieu à des projets nombreux qui semblent faire renaître une tradition ancienne. Si le contexte d’émergence de cette expérimentation — la vogue des concours d’éloquence portée par une dramaturgie exploitée par le cinéma — explique en partie ce succès, il n’en reste pas moins qu’il faut penser la signification de son retour, pour éviter que cette résurrection ne soit une restauration, et pour se donner la possibilité de penser les enjeux politiques actuels de l’éloquence.
Arithmetic derivatives through geometry of numbers
Authors: Pasten Hector
Published: December 2021

We define certain arithmetic derivatives on
$\mathbb {Z}$
that respect the Leibniz rule, are additive for a chosen equation
$a+b=c$
, and satisfy a suitable nondegeneracy condition. Using Geometry of Numbers, we unconditionally show their existence with controlled size. We prove that any power-saving improvement on our size bounds would give a version of the
$abc$
Conjecture. In fact, we show that the existence of sufficiently small arithmetic derivatives in our sense is equivalent to the
$abc$
Conjecture. Our results give an explicit manifestation of an analogy suggested by Vojta in the eighties, relating Geometry of Numbers in arithmetic to derivatives in function fields and Nevanlinna theory. In addition, our construction formalizes the widespread intuition that the
$abc$
Conjecture should be related to arithmetic derivatives of some sort.
A formula for membrane mediated point particle interactions on near spherical biomembranes
Authors: Elliott Charles M. , Herbert Philip J.
Published: December 2021

We consider a model of a biomembrane with attached proteins. The membrane is represented by a near spherical continuous surface and attached proteins are described as discrete rigid structures which attach to the membrane at a finite number of points. The resulting surface minimises a quadratic elastic energy (obtained by a perturbation of the Canham–Helfrich energy) subject to the point constraints which are imposed by the attachment of the proteins. We calculate the derivative of the energy with respect to protein configurations. The proteins are constrained to move tangentially by translation and by rotation in the axis normal to a reference point. Previous studies have typically restricted themselves to a nearly flat membrane and circular inclusions. A numerically accessible representation of this derivative is derived and employed in some numerical experiments.
Thermo-Structural Analysis of Brake Disc-Pad Assembly of an Automotive Braking System
Authors: Hariram V. , Suresh R. , Sandeep Reddy Jukanti , Brahma Reddy Allu , Nithinkumar Avutla , Sai Kiran Nagam , Seralathan S. , Premkumar T.M.
Published: December 2021

Braking is a phenomenon of stabilizing a moving vehicle to rest by actuating the braking system. The available kinetic energy from the dynamic body is transformed into mechanical energy by the braking system which is further converted into thermal energy for its dissipation into the surroundings. During the process of braking, the frictional contact between the brake disc and brake pad creates enormous amount of heat elevating the temperature of the system to a higher level. The objective of this numerical study is to minimize the heat produced during the braking process. Three unique ventilated brake disc and two brake pad profiles were developed using PTC Creo modelling tool and were subjected to ANSYS workbench to evaluate its thermal and structural performance with a braking cycle time of 4.50 sec. Total deformation, equivalent stress, temperature distribution and total heal flux were assessed. Based on the study, ventilated disc 3 can be the possible design with either of the brake pad profiles for effective usage in the automotive braking system.
Numerical Analysis of Flow Characteristics of the Low-Speed Centrifugal Compressor Stage Comprising Wedge Diffuser
Authors: Seralathan S. , Bhavaniprasad N.S.V. , Sai Krishna J. , Lakshmankumar S. , Hariram V. , Micha Premkumar T.
Published: December 2021

Wedge type diffusers are used generally in the highly loaded stages of smaller jet engines as it is compact in size. Low speed centrifugal compressor (LSCC) is selected for this present study as experimental details are available. A centrifugal compressor stage comprising wedge type diffuser is used in this numerical investigation in which studies are carried out at design mass flow rate (30kg/s) and off-design mass flow rates (23.64kg/s and 36.36kg/s) at constant rotational speed of 1920 rpm. Single passage approach is chosen to model the computational domain which is meshed with unstructured grid. Turbulence model chosen is kω-SST. The investigation revealed the jet-wake structure along the pressure side and suction side of the impeller and its subsequently mixing at impeller exit vaneless diffuser region. Diffusion process in the LSCC is observed to be effective as the outlet values of absolute velocity are lesser compared to its inlet values. Highest static pressure rise is observed for design mass flow rate and followed by below and above off-design mass flow rates.
The Images of the Other in Intercultural Interaction: on the Problem of Perception of another Culture in Multinational Tatarstan in the 1930-1970s
Authors: Khanipova Ilnara I.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Alien / Another / Different images in the cultural space of the Tatar ASSR in the 1930s - 1970s. Based on the archival documents, oral history materials and the example of the multinational region, the author considered intercultural communication and the problems of perception of another / different culture. Much attention is paid to the study of the socio-cultural space of Tatarstan villages.

The analyzed material made it possible to find out how the inhabitants of the village and the city perceived the image of the Alien who was once believed to be an Alien in the rural world. The study also revealed how the perception of the Alien had been transformed during the pre-war, military and post-war periods as well as whether there is a difference in the perception of the Alien on the part of locals and newcomers.

As a result of the research, the images of the Alien were created through the characteristics of alimentary qualities through clothing and appearance, as well as behavioral aspects.

The author came to conclusion that the image of the Alien was more often formed as general knowledge about the social, spiritual and material culture of representatives of various people living nearby. In intercultural communication, which often took a form of a dialogue, the formula was “ours – another”, not “ours - alien’s”. According to the author, the experience of long-term residence of the people, inhabiting the Tatar ASSR, had a positive impact on the dialogue and interpenetration of cultures.
VIDOVDAN CONSTITUTION AS A KEY STUDY FOR UNDERSTANDING THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors:   Univeristy of Urbino, Italy, Pellicciari Igor
Published: December 2021

How scientifically legitimate is the research of the history of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes? Does it make sense to deal with it today more than before? According to Weber-inspired methodology, the legitimacy of the research topic is based on the subjective (value judgment of the researcher) and the objective element (depending on the actuality of the topic and the selected professional structure). From this point of view, it seems that the answer to the initial question about legitimacy of the study on the Kingdom of SCS is confirmed. The choice of the topic of the paper is the result of personal interest and almost biographical affiliation of the author to the history and scenario of the "South Slavs"; But, on the other hand, actuality of topics can be objectively justified by the obvious interests of the scientific and professional public for the rediscovered Eastern Europe and - especially - for The Balkans, as one of its crucial geopolitical hubs.
VIDOVDANSKI USTAV – SIMBOL (NE)JEDINSTVA PRVE JUGOSLOVENSKE DRŽAVE
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Kragujevac, Vučković Jelena
Published: December 2021

In the paper, the author analyzes one of the basic starting points of the theory of constitutional law, according to which the constitution as the highest formal legal act simultaneously represents a symbol of unity and vitality of a state, a sign of its identity and a factor of social integration. If it succeeds in constituting a legal and socio-political order, the constitution has its future. From the aspect of such a theoretical definition, the Vidovdan Constitution has only partially fulfilled its function. Created three years after the unification into a common state of peoples of the same ethnic, but completely different cultural, religious, economic and historical origin, it has become more a symbol, and less a factual and legal reality. The paper will analyze the socio-political circumstances that led to its enactment and adoption, as well as the reasons that opened the question of its change from the moment it was adopted and entered into force. If we know that the quality of a constitution is crucial for its internal properties, its content, the circumstances under which it was adopted, the manner in which it was adopted, the intentions and goals of the constitution maker, it is clear that the Vidovdan Constitution, apart from becoming a formal legal symbol of unification, could satisfy the opposing aspirations of the Serbian and Croatian, as well as the Slovenian political establishment, the intellectual elite, but also the population itself. The Serbian political course of unification included a unitary system, a monarchical form of government led by the Karadjordjevic dynasty and a state that would have all members of the Serbian people within its borders. The Croatian political elite saw the new state as a transitional solution on the path to independence and the realization of a centuries-old dream of an independent Croatian state, based on the ideology of historical and state law. Slovenians perceives the idea of unification primarily as protection from Germanization, to which it was constantly exposed within Austro-Hungary. Thus, differences in the approach to the idea of unification will become the germ of conflict in the future common state. The Vidovdan Constitution could not resolve the antagonisms and mutually opposing views, but further deepened them. However, its importance is reflected in the fact that it shows that law is powerless in the face of socio-political reality if it does not primarily represent its framework, and that this thesis is current a century earlier, equally relevant today