bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE CIVILIZATION IDEA OF RUSSIA AS A FACTOR OF GLOBAL SECURITY
Authors: Khodakovsky Evgeny A.
Published: August 2020

Modern transformations of the world community lead to the increasing of the global risks and to the decreasing of the significance of the western model of socio-political development, the ideological basis of which is liberalism, which still plays an important role in the integration processes of our time. The crisis trends in the global economy and politics have worsened in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and have exposed the inadequacy of the recently developed interpretations of liberalism to the objective requirements of global security. The development of the civilization idea of Russia, based on the coordination of the concepts of freedom, responsibility and security in the conditions of contradictory interaction of internal and external risks, will serve to reduce the degree of total uncertainty. The ideologem of "Risk, Responsibility and Freedom" can also contribute to the development of a new model of the world order and to the resolution of global security problems.
Drei Städte im Vergleich: Laibach, Lemberg, Czernowitz
Authors: Pfandl Heinrich
Published: August 2020

Heinrich Pfandl widmet sich in seinem Beitrag drei Hauptstädten von Kronländern mit unterschiedlicher Geschichte, Struktur, Größe und sprachlicher wie ethnischer Zusammensetzung anhand ihrer Postkartenlandschaft. Sowohl in Ljubljana/Laibach, L'viv/Lwów/Lemberg wie auch in Černivci/Cernăuți/Czernowitz spielte das mehr (Czernowitz) oder weniger (Laibach und Lemberg) dominante Deutsche eine überregionale Rolle, in Bezug auf das Durchsetzungsvermögen der nichtdeutschen Volksgruppen unterschieden sich die drei Städte allerdings deutlich voneinander. In Laibach konnten sich die Slowenen erst nach und nach etablieren, in Lemberg übernahmen die Polen immer stärker die führende Rolle, während sich dort das im Entstehen begriffene Ruthenische bzw. Ukrainische nur mit Mühe behauptete, in Czernowitz schließlich stand das Deutsche als überethnisches Kommunikationsmittel vor allem bei der jüdischen Bevölkerung außer Streit. Die Illustration erfolgt anhand von bisher großteils unpublizierten Postkarten.
Tuca como lugar teatral de resistência: história e memória
Authors: De Faria Cruz Heloisa
Published: August 2020

O artigo explora experiências históricas e processos memorialísticos que contribuíram para a construção da identidade do Tuca como lugar teatral no qual a mística da resistência se incorporou ao próprio edifício teatral. O argumento principal é o de que a identidade simbólica que a história confere ao edifício teatral é também tributária de movimentos deliberados da comunidade universitária, que, em conjunturas diversas, buscou atualizar sentidos e marcos dessa memória da resistência à ditadura.
História das práticas de avaliação e ensino na USP: marcas da missão francesa na educação universitária paulista
Authors: Silva Katiene Nogueira da , Catani Denice Barbara
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo busca contribuir para a produção de conhecimento sobre a cultura universitária brasileira a partir do estudo de práticas de avaliação das aprendizagens, tomando como fontes para a pesquisa documentos da Universidade de São Paulo, entre eles os relatórios confidenciais da missão francesa que ajudou a fundar a universidade. O que aqui se apresenta origina-se numa pesquisa que teve por objetivo recuperar, conhecer e analisar a proposição de práticas de avaliação e de ensino que estiveram vigentes na Universidade de São Paulo desde a sua criação, 1934 até 1968, ano da Reforma Universitária.
História e memória da Escola Normal Helvídio Nunes de Barros (Bom Jesus, Piauí)
Authors: Fialho Lia Machado Fiuza , Costa Maria Aparecida Alves da
Published: August 2020

O artigo relata a história da Escola Normal Helvídio Nunes de Barros, localizada na cidade de Bom Jesus, Piauí, o educandário é pioneiro na região na oferta do Ensino Normal. Objetivou-se desvelar uma narrativa histórica acerca da escola na sua inter-relação com o contexto educacional de Bom Jesus na década 1970. Com base nos pressupostos da História Cultural e metodologicamente na História Oral, com três colaboradores que vivenciaram o período de fundação da escola – professor e diretor Dom Ramón, supervisora Ivanilde Borges e aluna Ecileide Martins –, entrecruzada com fontes documentais – regimento interno da escola e Resolução do Conselho Estadual de Educação n. 4/1970 –, foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa que constatou que o surgimento da mencionada instituição foi decorrente da ampliação do acesso à educação, bem como do número de escolas primárias na região sul do Piauí, o que demandou formação específica para o magistério a fim de substituir os professores leigos.
Uma formação intelectual e social convenientes [...]: formação de professores rurais (Brasil, 1942-1963)
Authors: Ferreira Nilce Vieira Campos , Lima Sandra Cristina Fagundes de
Published: August 2020

No período de 1942 a 1963, com incentivo e apoio do governo federal brasileiro, houve significativa expansão de cursos de formação de professores rurais. Tais cursos deveriam ser ministrados nas Escolas Rurais ou Escolas Regionais Brasileiras. O objetivo deste artigo é compreender se, organizados sob a égide de uma formação específica para o magistério rural, esses cursos, no período em questão, organizaram a formação das normalistas em consonância com a realidade na qual se inseria a população rural. Os questionamentos que nos motivam são: como foram propostos os cursos normais rurais no Brasil e quais eram os modelos educativos para a formação de professores rurais? O que definia um curso normal rural, o meio no qual ele se localizava ou os conteúdos ministrados? Compõem fontes desse estudo: anais da VIII Conferência Nacional da Educação (Goiânia, 1942) e artigos publicados nas revistas da Campanha Nacional de Educação Rural (CNER) e na Revista Brasileira de Estudos Pedagógicos (RBEP). A análise da trajetória dos Cursos Normais Rurais na perspectiva da ação do Estado e da política educacional destinada à formação dos professores das escolas rurais permitiu concluir que, embora em tais cursos estivesse subjacente a proposta de uma formação específica para a atuação no meio rural e, portanto, uma concepção didático-pedagógica e uma organização administrativa diferentes daquelas vigentes nas escolas normais urbanas, na prática, nos Cursos Normais Rurais prevaleciam concepções formativas voltadas para a escola única.
Decisões jurisprudenciais sobre a inconstitucionalidade das eleições diretas para escolha dos diretores das escolas públicas brasileiras
Authors: Corrêa Paulo Sérgio de Almeida
Published: August 2020

Objetivou-se catalogar e analisar o conjunto de Jurisprudências formadas a partir das decisões oriundas do Supremo Tribunal Federal e do Superior Tribunal de Justiça, tendo por objeto a temática relacionada ao instituto das eleições diretas nas escolas públicas. Estudo bibliográfico e documental, no período de 1988-2017. Encontra-se pacificado no STF e STJ que, tanto as Constituições Estaduais quanto suas leis, decretos e resoluções, carregam consigo vícios insanáveis, os quais são incompatíveis com as previsões abrigadas na atual Constituição Federal.
Notas Sobre a História dos Serviços de Educação Especial em Manaus, Amazonas
Authors: Vinente Samuel , Galvani Márcia Duarte
Published: August 2020

Os estudos sobre a configuração dos serviços especializados vêm ganhando cada vez mais força na literatura científica. Entretanto, ainda carecemos de estudos que auxiliem na compreensão da organização dessa política em diferentes contextos, bem como o resgate dos aspectos históricos de constituição desses serviços. O presente estudo objetivou descrever e analisar o histórico da oferta dos serviços de Educação Especial em Manaus entre 1892 e 2016. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental realizada em materiais publicados no Diário Oficial Municipal do Município e no sítio eletrônico do Conselho Municipal de Educação. Foi realizado um levantamento em teses e dissertações que tiveram a capital amazonense como objeto de estudo, além dos sítios eletrônicos de instituições especializadas, órgãos públicos e blogs locais. Os resultados apontaram para o pioneirismo da atuação de instituições especializadas, bem como as formas organizativas do trabalho pedagógico na perspectiva clínica, que aos poucos foram redimensionando-se para a perspectiva pedagógica.
Biblioteca escolar na educação infantil:
Authors: Faria Jozaene_faria
Published: August 2020

A biblioteca escolar é um espaço-tempo de diversas possibilidades de interação e desenvolvimento das linguagens das crianças. Especialmente quando está inserida na primeira etapa da educação básica. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um relato de experiência do projeto de ensino “1, 2, 3... Era uma vez”, desenvolvido no ano de 2018, com alunos de 3 e 4 anos de idade, em uma Escola Municipal Educação Infantil da cidade de Uberlândia-MG. A finalidade desse projeto foi estimular o hábito e o prazer da leitura das crianças através do encantamento da literatura infantil. As práticas pedagógicas desse relato estão fundamentadas em Vygotski (1991; 2018); Bakhtin/Volochínov (2009); Freire (2008); Edwards; Gandini; Forman (2016). Além disso, utilizaremos o Referencial Curricular Nacionais para Educação Infantil (BRASIL, 1998) e as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para Educação Infantil (BRASIL, 2009).
prática docente na Educação de Jovens e Adultos: construindo novas possibilidades
Authors: LUTZ DIEGO
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo tem por objetivo refletir sobre a possibilidade de novas práticas na Educação de Jovens e Adultos, apontando para novos horizontes para esta modalidade de ensino. Esta reflexão teve como ponto de partida a prática de Estágio, no curso de Licenciatura em Pedagogia a Distancia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. A realidade da EJA no país nos mostra que, embora seja uma modalidade diferente da educação regular, as práticas ali estabelecidas refletem velhas práxis docentes centradas no conteúdo, sem considerar os sujeitos, sua história, sua realidade e necessidades. Neste sentido, a partir do trabalho desenvolvido com a metodologia dos Projetos de Aprendizagem (PA), considerando os sujeitos como foco central da prática docente, buscou-se transformar o espaço da sala de aula em um ambiente dinâmico, de interação, de práticas colaborativas e aprendizagem, explorando os espaços escolares e as tecnologias da informação e comunicação
La formación por competencias en educación superior
Authors: Velasco Forero Martha Janet
Published: August 2020

Para adentrarse en temas como la internacionalización del currículo, desde la posibilidad de pasar de la disciplina a la interdisciplinariedad, en la cual sea posible recocer ámbitos culturales y sociales diversos, se hace necesario construir el concepto histórico de la formación por competencia en la educación superior, particularmente en América Latina y Colombia, así como explorar su complejidad con sus multiplicidades. Esto puede dar cuenta de un extenso y excesivo tratamiento, relacionado directamente con: la formación, los perfiles profesionales y laborales, el favorecimiento de la empleabilidad, el currículo, las prácticas docentes, los sistemas evaluativos, la psicología del trabajo, entre otros rasgos distintivos de orden conceptual. Se reconoce que las nuevas nociones relacionadas con el currículo por competencias expresan un constructo mental que, desde el punto de vista metodológico, debe ser predecible, medible, constatable, además de deseado.
A Note on the Efficiency Gains from a Refusal to Deal in a Bertrand-Nash Framework
Authors: Nadimi Soheil R. , Weisman Dennis L.
Published: August 2020

A vertically integrated provider (VIP) initially has a duty to deal with a rival at unregulated upstream and downstream prices in a Bertrand-Nash framework. The duty to deal is subsequently terminated which enables the VIP to acquire the rival and serve as a two-product, downstream monopolist. We find that the refusal to deal is efficiency-enhancing, given that prices decrease while profits increase ex post.
Evolving oxygenation management reasoning in COVID-19
Authors: Liu Steven , Sweeney Cara , Srisarajivakul-Klein Nalinee , Klinger Amanda , Dimitrova Irina , Schaye Verity
Published: August 2020

The initial phase of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the United States saw rapidly-rising patient volumes along with shortages in personnel, equipment, and intensive care unit (ICU) beds across many New York City hospitals. As our hospital wards quickly filled with unstable, hypoxemic patients, our hospitalist group was forced to fundamentally rethink the way we triaged and managed cases of hypoxemic respiratory failure. Here, we describe the oxygenation protocol we developed and implemented in response to changing norms for acuity on inpatient wards. By reflecting on lessons learned, we re-evaluate the applicability of these oxygenation strategies in the evolving pandemic. We hope to impart to other providers the insights we gained with the challenges of management reasoning in COVID-19.
Assessing the effect of light intensity and light wavelength spectra on the photoreduction of formic acid using a graphene oxide material
Authors: Ramos-Huerta Luis A. , Laureys Lotte , Llanos Alexis G. , Valadés Patricio J. , Ruiz Richard S. , Castillo Carlos O.
Published: August 2020

Photocatalysis has been a topic of interest in recent years for both, oxidation and reduction reactions, and although there is a broad variety of research regarding photocatalytic materials and the reaction itself, studies on reactor design and related phenomena, radiation transfer and its direct impact on reaction extent specifically, are usually neglected. From this end, the present work focuses on the elucidation of the effect of light intensity and wavelength spectra in the visible light region during the photoreduction reaction of formic acid using graphene oxide as a promising catalyst. By using formic acid, one of the main intermediaries in the photoreduction of carbon dioxide, the possibility of methanol production is evaluated without the thermodynamic constraints presented by carbon dioxide. A graphene oxide material, synthetized through a modified Hummer’s method, is assessed for the reduction of formic acid evaluating four different light sources (red, green, blue and white). An analysis of energy balances in the reaction set-up allows the determination of both the energy absorbed by the GO photocatalyst and isoactinity conditions at studied radiative operating conditions. At an isoactinity environment, the adsorption rate of formic acid and production rate of methanol are then evaluated, relating them to the absorbed energy achieved at the wavelength spectra and light intensities evaluated; IR spectroscopy is utilized to follow formic acid concentration as well as methanol production. The largest initial reaction rate (ca. 57%) relates to the use of the red wavelength at its largest intensity. Reaction rates at larger times start to be apparent being affected by adsorption, reaction and radiation conditions. The maximum conversion, 14%, is attained by using the white wavelength spectra at its lowest intensity. Thus, higher intensities will not necessarily yield higher conversions, nor the highest reaction rates. This, in turn, poses the necessity of quick, reliable assessments for whichever catalyst used in this type of reactions that leads to the correct election of operating conditions that maximize the product yield. Independent evaluation for every wavelength within the visible spectra and assessing carbon dioxide photoreduction are future steps into the elucidation of solar fuel production feasibility.
Approximating morphological operators with part-based representations learned by asymmetric auto-encoders
Authors: Blusseau Samy , Ponchon Bastien , Velasco-Forero Santiago , Angulo Jesús , Bloch Isabelle
Published: August 2020

This paper addresses the issue of building a part-based representation of a dataset of images. More precisely, we look for a non-negative, sparse decomposition of the images on a reduced set of atoms, in order to unveil a morphological and explainable structure of the data. Additionally, we want this decomposition to be computed online for any new sample that is not part of the initial dataset. Therefore, our solution relies on a sparse, non-negative auto-encoder, where the encoder is deep (for accuracy) and the decoder shallow (for explainability). This method compares favorably to the state-of-the-art online methods on two benchmark datasets (MNIST and Fashion MNIST) and on a hyperspectral image, according to classical evaluation measures and to a new one we introduce, based on the equivariance of the representation to morphological operators.
Impact of Brexit on voting power in Council of the European Union
Authors: Gábor Jakub
Published: August 2020

The United Kingdom has left the European Union on 31 January 2020. Discussions that preceded such a move were conducted in three dimensions: they pertained a post-Brexit relationship between the UK and EU, future conduct within the UK and the one within the EU. Whilst public discourse has been dominated by the first two, this paper approaches the third one – on how Brexit has affected relationships between remaining 27 EU Member States. Stemming from the calculation of Banzhaf indices, it assesses the impact of Brexit on the voting power of remaining Member States in the Council of the EU – arguably the most important body within the EU institutional architecture – and identifies which countries are going to record the most significant gains and losses in this respect.
Representation of Black History in Archives: A Collection-Centered Quantitative Analysis of the Billups-Garth Archive
Authors: Mastley Carrie P.
Published: August 2020

This pilot study presents a collection-centered quantitative analysis of Black history resources available at the Billups-Garth Archive in Columbus, Mississippi. The Archive’s inventory lists for its record series and control files for its manuscript collections were assessed in order to determine the percentage of extant Black history resources in relation to the collection’s total holdings. Relevant collections were then evaluated to determine their mediums, subjects, and provenance. The results showed a dearth of collections related to Black history and indicated that very few were created by the Black community. Results also showed that most relevant resources were made up of textual documents as well as documents relating to everyday life and education. Overall, this study demonstrates how collection analyses may be undertaken to identify collection biases and collection deficiencies, especially deficiencies in representing the histories of marginalized communities.
COVID-19 and Conflict: Major Risks and Policy Responses
Authors: Rohner Dominic
Published: August 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic entails a medium- and long-run risk of heightened political conflict. In this short essay we distinguish four major consequences of COVID-19 that may fuel social tensions and political violence, namely i) spiking poverty, ii) education under stress, iii) potential for repression, and iv) reduced inter-dependence. After discussing them in turn, we will formulate policy recommendations on how to attenuate these risks.
Evaluation of localized heat transfer coefficient for induction heating apparatus by thermal fluid analysis based on the HSMAC method
Authors: Namiki Satoshi , Iino Tomoya , Okamoto Yoshifumi
Published: August 2020

With the development of electrical machines for achieving higher performance and smaller size, heat generation in electrical machines has also increased. Consequently, the temperature rise in electrical machines causes unexpected heating of components and makes it difficult to operate properly. Therefore, in the development of electrical machines, the accurate evaluation of temperature increase is important. In the thermal design of electrical machines, heat-conduction analysis using the heat-transfer boundary set on the surface of a heated target has been frequently performed. However, because the heat-transfer coefficient is dependent on various factors, it is often determined based on experimental or numerical simulation results. Therefore, setting the heat-transfer coefficient to a constant value for the surface of the heated target degrades the analysis accuracy because the actual phenomenon cannot be modeled. To enhance the accuracy of the heat-transfer coefficient, the coupled electromagnetic field with heat-conduction analysis finite element method (FEM), thermal-fluid analysis using FEM, and the highly simplified marker and cell method is applied to the estimation of the distribution of the heat-transfer coefficient. Moreover, to accurately calculate the localized heat-transfer coefficient, the temperature distribution and flow velocity distribution around the heated target are analyzed in the induction-heating apparatus.
Study on Sintering of Artificially Oxidized Steel Compacts
Authors: Gierl-Mayer C. , Stepan T. , Sun J. , Danninger H.
Published: August 2020

Sintering of Cr-prealloyed PM steels requires atmospheres with good quality – low oxygen potential – to achieve satisfactory sintering results. But during heating even the best atmospheres may be oxidizing, the system turns to reducing conditions only at high temperatures, which can be monitored by thermal analysis. During the dewaxing process, oxidizing conditions are favourable for effective dewaxing without sooting and blistering. However, this may result in some oxygen pickup during heating, and then the final properties of the produced parts may be strongly influenced by this intermediate oxidation. This study demonstrates the behaviour of artificially oxidized steels (Fe-C and Fe3Cr-0.5Mo-C) during the sintering process by stepwise sintering. Iron and steel powder were slightly oxidized and then pressed and sintered at different temperatures. In parallel, as a second approach, pressed samples were oxidized and then sintered. Density, hardness and impact energy were measured and dilatometry/MS was used for online monitoring of the sintering process. The starting oxygen content of 0.20 to 0.30 wt% is high enough to change the sintering behaviour of the materials, but still leads to rather good properties. Thermal analysis showed that most of the oxygen picked up was present as iron oxides on the surface which were reduced by hydrogen at rather low temperatures, confirming that these were iron oxides, which also holds for the Cr-prealloyed variant. The biggest influence on the final performance was exerted by the final carbon content and the microstructural development of the material.
Experimental Investigations on Impact Toughness and Shear Strength of Novel Lead Free Solder Alloy Sn-1Cu-1Ni-XAg
Authors: Jayesh S , Elias Jacob
Published: August 2020

Lead is known to be banned in alloy making, highlighting toxicity concerns and environmental legislations. Researchers and scholars around the globe were in immediate search of new lead free solder alloys which could potentially replace the old Sn-Pb alloy. In this comprehensive study, shear strength and impact toughness tests were conducted on Sn-1Cu-1Ni when different amounts of Ag (0.25, 0.5, 0.75 1 % by wt.) is added. Shear strength test is tested using micro force test system. Impact toughness test is analyzed using Charpy impact test set up by calculating the energy difference before and after impact. The study reveals that, Ultimate shear stress increased from 19 MPa to 21.3 MPa. Yield strength increased from 27.4 MPa to 29.7 Mpa. Impact toughness of the alloys increased from 9.4 J to 10.1 J. Thus, Sn-1Cu-1Ni-1Ag is found to have improved shear strength and impact toughness than Sn-1Cu-1Ni.
COVID-19 und Reglementierung von Berufen – gibt es auch Lichtblicke?
Authors: Frohn Martin
Published: August 2020

The Covid-19 crisis has had a severe impact on society and the economy. Some countries reacted with regulatory relaxations to cope with the crisis and digitisation of services provided possibilities to maintain service activities during the general lockdown measures. It became even more apparent that regulating access to and exercise of professional activities can have negative effects on adaptability of businesses and development of new and innovative business models. The recent adoption of an EU directive on a proportionality test, obliging Member States to carry out a thorough assessment of the effects of regulation before its adoption, provides guidance and a toolbox to ensure monitoring and adaptation of regulatory frameworks in view of developments such as those we have witnessed very recently. Regulatory trends in Member States and in particular in Germany go in opposite directions: While tightening of access requirements in craft professions, the German government considers significant reforms in legal services. In particular as regards the tightening of restrictions, it is expected that the EU directive on a proportionality test will lead to more sound and fact-based regulatory decisions.
Posicionamentos teórico-metodológicos sobre identidade semântica e categorização de unidades linguísticas: de Émile Benveniste a Antoine Culioli
Authors: Romero Márcia
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho toma por objeto de análise a metodologia levada a efeito por Benveniste em artigos nos quais se abordam unidades linguísticas de natureza morfolexical, a saber Le système sublogique des prépositions en latin (BENVENISTE, 1966) e Problèmes sémantiques de la reconstruction (BENVENISTE, 1966). Nosso propósito é o de verificar de que forma a problematização dos dados apresentada por Benveniste traz consequências para a compreensão da identidade semântica e categorização da unidade linguística, em seus artigos e naqueles de Antoine Culioli, autor igualmente inscrito no campo da Linguística da Enunciação. Os resultados mostram como Benveniste, por meio da referência a uma significação geral, igualmente apreendida em termos de definição constante, esquema sublógico, esquema subjacente, ao dialogar com o conceito de invariância próprio ao quadro referencial da Teoria das Operações Predicativas e Enunciativas, confere à língua seu estatuto enunciativo.
Da subjetividade na linguagem fotográfica: as categorias de pessoa e não-pessoa na narração de si
Authors: Nunes Paula Ávila
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho interroga-se quanto ao lugar da linguagem fotográfica no contexto da economia das trocas simbólicas no cenário contemporâneo, acentuadamente marcada pela presença de imagens (notadamente autorretratos) postadas, compartilhadas e comentadas em redes sociais. Entende-se, com Benveniste (1989; 1995), que a mobilização de diferentes sistemas semióticos para construção de um sentido nunca tem um mesmo efeito, tendo em vista que não há sobreposição de sistemas e que o sistema da língua é o principal entre todas as formas simbólicas humanas. Assim, se o sujeito contemporâneo tem sua subjetividade expressa fortemente por meio do recurso a uma linguagem de base representacional mais icônica, temos o que parece ser uma enunciação sem diálogo, pois que esvazia o caráter de alteridade ao tornar o “eu”, pessoa que enuncia, em um “ele”, não-pessoa (BENVENISTE, 1995), em virtude do caráter de exposição apontado por Han (2017).
O universal e o particular na linguística geral de Benveniste
Authors: Flores Valdir Do Nascimento
Published: August 2020

Este texto busca apresentar uma interpretação da teoria da linguagem de Émile Benveniste segundo a qual as categorias de pessoa, tempo e espaço – constitutivas da enunciação – seriam evidências da relação entre aspectos universais da linguagem e aspectos particulares, das línguas. Tais categorias permitem falar em universais de natureza antropológica numa teoria da linguagem. O percurso teórico-conceitual é feito a partir da interpretação de textos do linguista, em especial aqueles em que são elaboradas as reflexões que integram a quinta parte dos dois volumes de Problemas de linguística geral. A conclusão sinaliza que é uma perspectiva dos estudos linguísticos desenvolver a dimensão antropológica dessas categorias em diferentes línguas.
O reconhecido e o compreendido inscritos na linguagem do sujeito afásico
Authors: Della Méa Celia Helena De Pelegrini
Published: August 2020

Buscamos na teoria da enunciação de Émile Benveniste respaldo para reflexões que contemplam fatos sobre a língua/linguagem no sujeito com afasia. Elegemos, numa perspectiva geral, dois artigos para procedermos a análise linguística, a saber, o artigo, de 1964, Os níveis de análise linguística, (Problemas de Linguística Geral I) e o artigo A forma e o sentido na linguagem, de 1966, (Problemas de Linguística Geral II) como essenciais para a leitura a que nos propomos realizar, contemplando as relações entre forma e sentido em dois modos de significação da língua: semiótico e semântico. A sintagmatização da língua pelos sujeitos com afasia indica que tanto na oralidade quanto na leitura há certa dissociação na relação forma/sentido, sendo a dissolução do sistema linguístico na fala e na leitura revelada e instituída de acordo com o modo de significância da língua com descrições distintas sobre as unidade significativa.
Mathematical Connection Ability of Grade 8th Students’ in terms of Self-Concept in Problem Based Learning
Authors: Kadir Abdul , Rochmad Rochmad , Junaedi Iwan
Published: August 2020

MMathematical connections ability is a demand in mathematics education to develop mathematical ideas and problem-solving in one another. This study aims to find mathematical connection ability patterns in terms of self-concept. The research method used is mixed methods with concurrent embedded design, quantitative research analysis using true experimental design, while qualitative research analysis uses the Miles and Huberman model. The population in this study was eighth-grade students of SMP Negeri 13 Semarang, Indonesia, and sampling was done by random sampling technique. The results showed that the mathematical connection ability pattern in terms of mathematical self-concepts is diverse. It is found that there were two patterns of mathematical connection ability in subjects with high self-concept. In subjects with moderate self-concept, three patterns of mathematical connection ability subjects with low self-concept, three patterns of mathematical connection ability are found
Speech Politeness Principle Violation in “Rumah Uya Trans7”
Authors: Istriwati Enita , Rustono Rustono
Published: August 2020

Talk shows on television today are programs that are of interest to television viewers in Indonesia. One of the talk shows that television viewers are interested in is the talk show Rumah Uya Trans7. The show is easily followed by the viewers. The speech acts used in the show are light and easy to understand. Another interesting issue is the speech acts are a violation of the politeness principle. Yet, this violation of the politeness principle is the one that makes the television viewers pay attention to the show. These violations of the politeness principle are very interesting to be analyzed. To find out the violation of the politeness principle in the show, the researcher used the theory of pragmatics and descriptive qualitative method. Data of this research were taken from the fragments of the show in the Rumah Uya Trans7 in November 2018. The source of the data was the speech acts in the program which contained violation of the politeness principle. The method of the research was the observation method (simak bebas libat cakap) and recording as well as note-taking techniques to collect the data. The result of the analysis showed that violation of politeness principle was found in the show in the form of violation of maxim of tact, maxim of sympathy, maxim of agreement, maxim of modesty, maxim of approbation, and maxim of feeling reticence. The suggestion for the deepening of the research is the existence of further research in violation of the politeness principle of similar shows but different television station as e media.
The Images and The Struggle of The 2018 Central-Java Local Government Election Reporting Meaning in Online Media
Authors: Parwaningtiyas Anung Anindita , Mardikantoro Hari Bakti , Joko Santoso Bernadus Wahyudi
Published: August 2020

The role of online media is really essential in society because it fosters and encourages the public opinion. Therefore, online media could be the most effective interest mean to achieve certain massive purposes, including the reports of certain actor's images. It allows social actor's images to not being reported objectively but instead processed and managed. Thus, it could be said there is a correlation between the language and the domination in the discourse practice to create ideologies with certain purposes.  The point, the mass media has its specific powers to control its information display so its neutrality in the mass media is doubtful. So as this research, the images of social actor’s images, the candidate of Central-Java election 2018, become the focused problems to analyze by Theo van Leeuwen theory. The data sample was obtained from the report discourse in online mass media, such as Kumparan.com, Tribunnews.com, and Sindonews.com about the Central-Java Election 2018, from April-June 2018. The analysis was based on the deletion strategy in which covered suppression and backgrounding. The results showed that Kumparan.com tended to apply suppression in merging the social actors, Ganjar Pranowo-Taj Yasin and backgrounding in the form of a phrase “politikus PDIP, mantan anggota DPR RI yang diperiksa KPK”. (The PDIP politician, the ex of the House whom is investigated by Corruption Eradication Comission). Meanwhile, Tribunnews.com applied backgrounding in the form of “sang petahana” or “incumbent”, meanwhile Sindonews.com did not either put certain social actors in advantage nor marginalize them.
Lactobacillus pentosus strain S-PT84 improves steatohepatitis by maintaining gut permeability
Authors: Sakai Yuriko , Arie Hideyuki , Ni Yinhua , Zhuge Fen , Xu Liang , Chen Guanliang , Nagata Naoto , Suzuki Takuya , Kaneko Shuichi , Ota Tsuguhito , Nagashimada Mayumi
Published: August 2020

Intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction is closely related to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Gut immunity has been recently demonstrated to regulate gut barrier function. The Lactobacillus pentosus strain S-PT84 activates helper T cells and natural killer/natural killer T cells. In this study, we examined the effect of S-PT84 on NASH progression induced by high-cholesterol/high-fat diet (CL), focusing on the immune responses involved in gut barrier function. C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow or CL diet with or without 1 × 1010 S-PT84 for 22 weeks. S-PT84 administration improved hepatic steatosis by decreasing triglyceride and free fatty acid levels by 34% and 37%, respectively. Furthermore, S-PT84 inhibited the development of hepatic inflammation and fibrosis, suppressed F4/80+ macrophage/Kupffer cell infiltration, and reduced liver hydroxyproline content. Administration of S-PT84 alleviated hyperinsulinemia and enhanced hepatic insulin signalling. Compared with mice fed CL diet, mice fed CL+S-PT84 had 71% more CD11c-CD206+ M2 macrophages, resulting in a significantly decreased M1/M2 macrophage ratio in the liver. Moreover, S-PT84 inhibited the CL diet-mediated increase in intestinal permeability. Additionally, S-PT84 reduced the recruitment of interleukin-17-producing T cells and increased the levels of intestinal tight junction proteins, including zonula occludens-1, occludin, claudin-3, and claudin-7. In conclusion, our findings suggest that S-PT84 attenuates diet-induced insulin resistance and subsequent NASH development by maintaining gut permeability. Thus, S-PT84 represents a feasible approach to prevent the development of NASH.
Effect of Salt Stress on Mutation and Genetic Architecture for Fitness Components inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Kozela Christopher , Johnston Mark O
Published: August 2020

Mutations shape genetic architecture and thus influence the evolvability, adaptation and diversification of populations. Mutations may have different and even opposite effects on separate fitness components, and their rate of origin, distribution of effects and variance-covariance structure may depend on environmental quality. We performed an approximately 1,500-generation mutation-accumulation (MA) study in diploids of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in stressful (high-salt) and normal environments (50 lines each) to investigate the rate of input of mutational variation (Vm) as well as the mutation rate and distribution of effects on diploid and haploid fitness components, assayed in the normal environment. All four fitness components in both MA treatments exhibited statistically significant mutational variance and mutational heritability. Compared to normal-MA, salt stress increased the mutational variance in growth rate by more than sevenfold in haploids derived from the MA lines. This increase was not detected in diploid growth rate, suggesting masking of mutations in the heterozygous state. The genetic architecture arising from mutation (M-matrix) differed between normal and salt conditions. Salt stress also increased environmental variance in three fitness components, consistent with a reduction in canalization. Maximum-likelihood analysis indicated that stress increased the genomic mutation rate by approximately twofold for maximal growth rate and sporulation rate in diploids and for viability in haploids, and by tenfold for maximal growth rate in haploids, but large confidence intervals precluded distinguishing these values between MA environments. We discuss correlations between fitness components in diploids and haploids and compare the correlations between the two MA environmental treatments.
Machine Learning To Predict Serious Bacterial Infections in Young Febrile Infants
Authors: Ramgopal Sriram , Horvat Christopher M. , Yanamala Naveena , Alpern Elizabeth R.
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND:

Recent decision rules for the management of febrile infants support the identification of infants at higher risk of serious bacterial infections (SBIs) without the performance of routine lumbar puncture. We derive and validate a model to identify febrile infants ≤60 days of age at low risk for SBIs using supervised machine learning approaches.

METHODS:

We conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective study performed between December 2008 and May 2013 of febrile infants. Our outcome was SBI, (culture-positive urinary tract infection, bacteremia, and/or bacterial meningitis). We developed and validated 4 supervised learning models: logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, and a single-hidden layer neural network.

RESULTS:

A total of 1470 patients were included (1014 >28 days old). One hundred thirty-eight (9.3%) had SBIs (122 urinary tract infections, 20 bacteremia, and 8 meningitis; 11 with concurrent SBIs). Using 4 features (urinalysis, white blood cell count, absolute neutrophil count, and procalcitonin), we demonstrated with the random forest model the highest specificity (74.9, 95% confidence interval: 71.5%–78.2%) with a sensitivity of 98.6% (95% confidence interval: 92.2%–100.0%) in the validation cohort. One patient with bacteremia was misclassified. Among 1240 patients who received a lumbar puncture, this model could have prevented 849 (68.5%) such procedures.

CONCLUSIONS:

We derived and internally validated a supervised learning model for the risk-stratification of febrile infants. Although computationally complex, lacking parameter cutoffs, and in need of external validation, this strategy may allow for reductions in unnecessary procedures, hospitalizations, and antibiotics while maintaining excellent sensitivity.
Student dropout from universities in Europe: A review of empirical literature
Authors: Kehm Barbara M. , Larsen Malene Rode , Sommersel Hanna Bjørnøy
Published: August 2020

This contribution is based on an extensive literature review of student dropout in Europe, which was carried out by a research group of the Danish Clearinghouse for Education in cooperation with an international expert group in 2012/2013. The review served to answer three basic questions: What is dropout? Why does it occur? What can be done to reduce or prevent it? Only empirical studies were included in the review and altogether 44 studies were included. The article points out that student dropout is a more complex and multidimensional issue than most people think and that it is important to distinguish between formal dropout (i.e., leaving university studies altogether before degree completion) and transfer (i.e., changing subject and/or institution). The review summarizes and discusses the main results of the 44 studies included in terms of nine dimensions: (a) study conditions at university, (b) academic integration at university, (c) social integration at university, (d) personal efforts and motivations for studying, (e) information and admission requirements, (f) prior academic achievement in school, (g) personal characteristics of the student, (h) sociodemographic background of the student, and (i) external conditions. The conclusions provide an answer to the three questions posed above and include recommendations for further research, university leadership, and policymakers.
A Nordic model in policy and practice? The case of immigrants and refugees in rural schools in Iceland and Sweden
Authors: Wozniczka Anna Katarzyna , Rosvall Per-Åke
Published: August 2020

Through a cross-national analysis of Iceland and Sweden, we investigate How are the two countries’ national and local educational systems ensuring access to education and social inclusion of immigrants and refugees? How do immigrant and refugee students talk about their agency in their classrooms, schools, and peer communities in rural contexts? Our analysis builds on fieldwork including classroom observations and interviews with immigrants (Iceland) and refugees (Sweden) aged 12–16 years, their teachers, and school principals, in four compulsory schools. The concept of ecology of equity is used to investigate power relations with regard to place and agency. The analysis also includes investigation of the politics of the teaching profession in response to students’ diversity. Findings show that although some students describe that they do not feel “othered,” the majority, especially refugee students in Sweden, do feel excluded from their peers. The Icelandic and Swedish rural schools are on their own in tackling issues of working with these students, despite the fact that their practices may lead to reinforcing inequalities between schools and regions of the two countries. In this sense, the approach of the two countries does not reflect the ideals of the Nordic welfare system.
Which ways of evaluation of education for sustainability is acceptable for Hungarian teachers?
Authors: Varga Attila , Könczey Réka
Published: August 2020

By what criteria and how can the efficiency of education for sustainable development (ESD) be assessed or measured? Theoretical and political definitions of teacher competencies for ESD are only the first steps in the implementation process of these competencies throughout the educational system. If we want to develop an effective evaluation system of ESD, a diagnosis is needed about which ways of evaluation are accepted by teachers and which competencies needed further developments. Our research has been conducted to map teachers’ views about the possible ways to evaluate ESD. An online questionnaire was used to gain data about teachers’ view on different types of ESD evaluation. On the basis of the results, a three-level ESD evaluation system seems generally and professionally appropriate: (a) introducing ESD competencies in the mainstream teacher evaluation processes, (b) initiating awards and other appraisal system for innovative ESD teachers and schools, and (c) periodic external assessment of pupils’ and teachers’ preparedness of sustainability-related issues.
New records of Culicidae (Diptera) in agricultural oases of San Juan province, Argentina
Authors: Díaz Nieto Leonardo Martín , Murúa Alberico Fernando , Cano Florencia Andrea , Laurito Magdalena , Almirón Walter Ricardo , Salvá Liliana
Published: August 2020

We report eight new Culicidae records from San Juan province, Argentina: Anopheles argyritarsis Robineau-Desvoidy, 1827; Anopheles neomaculipalpus Curry, 1931; Culex acharistus Root, 1927; Culex apicinus Philippi, 1965; Culex maxi Dyar, 1928; Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823; Culex saltanensis Dyar, 1928; and Haemagogus spegazzinii Brethes, 1912. The geographic distribution of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), Aedes albifasciatus (Macquart, 1838), Anopheles pseudopunctipennis Theobald, 1901, Culex pipiens Linneaus, 1758, Culex tramazayguesi Duret, 1954, and Psorophora cyanescens (Coquillet, 1902) is extended. Data on collection localities, types of breeding sites and health importance are also presented.
Addressing Community Health Needs through the Development of a Student-Led Community Health Fair
Authors: Ritchie Jacob , Tyler Lauren , Wenzel T.J. , Guo Alyssa A. , Fowler Lauren
Published: August 2020

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Problem:Based on a specific community benefit analysis of Greenville, South Carolina, we identified the Dunean community with its increased prevalence of health inequities with respect to access to health care, poverty burden, and disease mortality on a county, state, and national level. The Dunean community's data reflect poorer health outcomes in terms of disease and unhealthy lifestyle as well as inadequate access to medical resources compared to other communities in South Carolina.Approach:Students, residents, attendings, faculty, and staff from the University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville (UofSC SOMG) formed a task force to engage the community and combat the root causes of diseases. This task force built partnerships with community leaders to create Root Cause, a monthly health event designed to bring community members to a unified space, share a free community dinner, and provide a wide range of health and wellness resources to educate and inspire them to make healthy lifestyle choices. Outcomes:This report describes the formation of the community engagement task force and execution of Root Cause. In five Root Cause events, we partnered with 36 community agencies and our academic health center partners who shared their resources, served 207 Dunean neighborhood members, and facilitated 1,237 total interactions between community members and partners.Conclusion:Under the Root Cause model, medical students and neighborhood partners have initiated a trusted, bidirectional dialogue to determine their specific needs with the desire to positively transform the health and wellness of the Dunean community. Our data suggests that based on our efforts, the neighborhood of Dunean, SC increased community cohesiveness and improved perceptions of access to health care. Additionally, participating medical students advanced their understanding of social health and economic challenges which helped to facilitate their development along the active citizen continuum, as well as increase empathy for their future patients in the local community.