bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kajian Pemanfaatan Mikroalga Dunaliella salina sebagai Bahan Fortifikasi Pangan dengan Pendekatan Bioekonomi Kelautan
Authors: Novianti Teni
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan mikroalga Dunaliella salina sebagai bahan fortifikasi pangan yang diharapkan di masa yang akan datang kecukupan pangan dan gizi masyarakat dapat terpenuhi dengan pendekatan bioekonomi kelautan. Dunaliella salina termasuk salah satu jenis fitoplankton dalam kelas Chlorophyceae (alga hijau) yang disebut flagellata hijau bersel satu (green unicellulair flagellata). D. salina dikenal sebagai mikroalga yang kaya akan sumber kandungan β-karoten alami dan nutrisi yang sangat baik sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk fortifikasi bahan pangan yang dapat dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat. Trend kedepan, diprediksi bahwa Indonesia mampu memproduksi mikroalga dalam jumlah yang cukup besar, dengan biaya lebih murah, dan produk yang dihasilkan dapat diaplikasikan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari masyarakat Indonesia terutama sebagai bahan fortifikasi pangan. Penggunaan teknik kultivasi pada kondisi stres dapat dimanipulasi secara khusus untuk mengoptimalkan produksi pigmen karotenoid dan kultivasi pada kondisi optimal dapat meningkatkan produksi biomasa mikroalga Dunaliella salina. Pemanfaatan mikroalga D. salina sebagai bahan fortifikasi pangan dapat diaplikasikan dalam bentuk serbuk, tablet, kapsul, minuman kaleng, permen dan bahan campuan yang ditambahkan pada makanan lainnya seperti mie instan dan komoditas utama lain untuk meningkatkan nilai gizi dalam kehidupan di masyarakat. Analisa Bioekonomi Dunaliella salina yaitu menghitung biaya produksi dan kebutuhan pakan larva ikan dengan menghasilkan 100 liter kultur Dunaliella salina menghabiskan biaya sebesar Rp.60.000 menggunakan media air laut dan pupuk formulasi.
STUDI OPTIMALISASI KUALITAS SISTEM CATU DAYA TERINTEGRASI PADA PT. TELKOM STASIUN BUMI SORONG
Authors: Tobi Markus Dwiyanto , VAN HARLING VINA N
Published: August 2019

Sistem catu daya pada industri Infokom menggunakan konfigurasi yang cukup rumit agar menjamin kehandalan dan kelangsungan catu daya itu sendiri, dengan digunakannya beberapa perangkat yang bersifat induktif seperti rectifier, inverter, UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply), AC (Air Conditioner), kompresor, motor pompa, lampu TL (Tube Lamp) dan lain sebagainya akan menyebabkan beda fasa antara arus dan tegangan yang signifikan sehingga mengakibatkan turunnya faktor daya pada instalasi listrik. Bertolak dari alasan ini, maka dipandang perlu untuk dilakukan suatu analisa menyeluruh dalam suatu sistem catu daya dengan tujuan mencari solusi yang tepat dalam hal optimalisasi kualitas catu daya dan juga sebuah sistem perbaikan kualitas arus yang terintegrasi sehingga fungsi-fungsi kerja tidak saling mengurangi dalam hal perbaikan kualitas arus listrik. Untuk itu, peneliti mencoba melakukan studi terhadap kualitas sistem catu daya pada aplikasi industri informasi/IT dan komunikasi (tepatnya di PT. Telkom Stasiun Bumi Sorong) yang mungkin dapat menjadi pertimbangan bagi PT. Telkom sendiri untuk melakukan perbaikan kualitas catuan ke bebannya.
SISTEM KENDALI OTOMATIS PANEL PENERANGAN LUAR MENGGUNAKAN TIMER THEBEN SUL 181 H DAN ARDUINO UNO R3
Authors: Rumalutur Sonny , Ohoiwutun John
Published: August 2019

Penerangan luar menggunakan timer dan arduino uno dan cara pemungsian alat ini ialah dengan sistem menghidupkan dan mematikan lampu dengan cara otomatis alat diatur sesuai dengan waktu yang kita inginkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Timer bisa disesuikan waktunya dengan cara menggunakan siripnya agar waktu bisa disesuikan dengan yang diinginkan dibuat manual ataupun auto dengan cara penggunaannya. Sedangkan Arduino Uno merupakan perangkat lunak yang berfungsi untuk mengupload program dengan hanya menekan tombol upload di software IDE program sketch pada Software arduino, Arduino diberkan progaram agar bisa menghidupkan lampu sesuai keinginan kita.
Anais do XIX Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem Oncológica e XI Jornada de Enfermagem do INCA
Authors: INCA Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alenca -
Published: August 2019

A XI Jornada de Enfermagem em Oncologia do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA) e do XIX Congresso Brasileiro de Enfermagem Oncológica, cujo tema é: Qualidade na Dimensão do Cuidado de Enfermagem em Oncologia, foi pensada com o objetivo de promover a discussão da qualidade no cuidado, no ensino, na pesquisa e na gerência de enfermagem na área oncológica. Foram três dias de atividades e reflexões com intensa troca de experiências por meio de palestras e apresentação de trabalhos, buscando o aprimoramento da enfermagem oncológica no Brasil.
The Values of Maccera Tappareng Ceremony In Buginese Society at Wajo Regency (Local Culture Analysis)
Authors: Muhajir Muhajir
Published: August 2019

This paper discussed what values exist in the ceremony of Maccera Tappareng in Wajo Regency. This is intended to express all kinds of values in the ritual system of Maccera Tappareng, especially in Wajo Regency. This paper used the qualitative method with a descriptive approach and the data collection was done using triangulation are interviews, observation, and documents. The results of this study show the ceremony of Maccera Tappareng as local culture gives information about the values still exist in this culture in preserving the ceremony of Maccera Tappareng in Wajo regency.
Evaluación de la velocidad de transferencia de datos entre diferentes compañías telefónicas
Authors: Moreno Irian , Ureña Yennifer , Mudarra Marian , Vega Guadalupe , Cedeño Maritza
Published: August 2019

En este artículo se muestra la aplicación de un diseño cuadrado latino para evaluar si existe diferencia significativa en la velocidad de transferencia de datos entre las diferentes compañías telefónicas de Panamá. El diseño propuesto define dos factores de bloque que se controlan en el experimento, estos factores son: tipo de celular y la hora del día. Para asegurar la independencia de los datos se aleatorizaron los tratamientos dentro de los bloques. La variable dependiente, velocidad de transferencia de datos, fue medida a través de una aplicación denominada “SpeedTest”. Mediante análisis de varianza se encontró que la hipótesis inicial fue rechazada al 5% de significancia, por lo que existen suficientes evidencias como para concluir que hay diferencia en la velocidad de transferencia de datos entre las empresas telefónicas en Panamá
Peran Trait Mindfulness terhadap Stres Kehamilan
Authors: Chandra Alifa Rizki , Febriani Zulfa
Published: August 2019

Pregnancy and giving birth are special moment in women’s life. Pregnancy starts with a dynamic growing period and significant development both physical and mental. Women’s judgement on her pregnancy can determine whether it can be a stressful or not. Trait mindfulness (observing, describing, acting with with awareness, non-judging, nonreactivity) could affect someone on perceiving all accepting daily experience. Trait mindfulness related to mental health. Islam also suggest people to tafakur (contemplate). The study aimed to determine how the role of trait mindfulness take part in a pregnancy stress. The sample was 223 pregnant woman and was taken by accidental sampling technique. This research use Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) Indonesian Version and Pregnancy Experiences Scale – Brief Version (PES-Brief) Indonesian Version as measuring instrument. The result of regression test showed that trait mindfulness on the dimention of acting with awareness predicted 7.3% (R-Square value 0.073, F value 3.439, p value 0,005) the pregnancy stress. However on the dimention of observing, describing, non-judging and non-reactivitydid not has role in the pregnancy stress.
ANALISIS KINERJA ALGORITMA C4.5 DAN NAÏVE BAYES UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI PRESTASI SISWA SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN
Authors: Noviriandini Astrid , Nurajijah Nurajijah
Published: August 2019

This research informs students and teachers to anticipate early in following the learning period in order to get maximum learning outcomes. The method used is C4.5 decision tree algorithm and Naïve Bayes algorithm. The purpose of this study was to compare and evaluate the decision tree model C4.5 as the selected algorithm and Naïve Bayes to find out algorithms that have higher accuracy in predicting student achievement. Learning achievement can be measured by the value of report cards. After comparison of the two algorithms, the results of the learning achievement prediction are obtained. The results showed that the Naïve Bayes algorithm had an accuracy value of 95.67% and the AUC value of 0.999 was included in Excellent Clasification, for the C4.5 algorithm the accuracy value was 90.91% and the AUC value of 0.639 was included in the state of Poor Clasification. Thus the Naïve Bayes algorithm can better predict student achievement.
Pengembangan Modul Matematika Berbasis Open Ended Problem pada Materi Himpunan
Authors: Mayi Apliana Gadi , Z Kenys Fadhilah
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to produce an Open ended problem based Mathematics module on the Valid, Practical, and Effective set material that was used in class VII of Baiturrohmah Islamic Middle School in Malang. This research is a development research with the development of ADDIE, which includes Analysis, where the researcher analyzes the curriculum, needs, and characteristics of students. At the Design stage, the researcher designs the module outline. At the Development stage, researchers develop modules according to the initial revision. At the implementation stage, the module was tested in class VII of Baiturrohmah Islamic Islamic Junior High School Malang by distributing student response questionnaires. In the Evaluation stage, an analysis of the results of student response questionnaires was carried out. This study produced a mathematical module on the set of materials based on Open ended problems. The results showed that: (1) the material expert validator got a score with a mean of 3.08 and 3.47 in the Very Valid category; (2) the assessment of the expert practitioner validator gets an average score of 3.49 with a very valid category. As for the response of students to get an average score of 3.27 with the Strongly Agree category, and the learning outcomes of students' mastery level reached 85,71% with very good categories. Based on the data analysis described above, it can be concluded that the mathematics module on Open ended problem-based set of material is valid, practical, and effective to be used as teaching materials for Grade VII junior high school / MTs students.
Tardif Diskinezi için Güncel Tanı ve Tedavi Yaklaşımları
Authors: YAZLA Ece , HOCAOĞLU Çiçek
Published: August 2019

Tardif diskinezi (TD) sıklıkla orabukkal bölgede gözlenen ancak boyun,
gövde ve ekstremiteleri de tutabilen, istemsiz ve tekrarlayıcı hareketlerden
oluşan bir hiperkinetik hareket bozukluğudur. Farklı ilaçların TD oluşumuna yol
açabildiği bildirilmiştir. Ruhsal Bozuklukların Tanısal ve İstatistiksel El
Kitabının son baskısında (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental
Disorders DSM-5) en az birkaç ay, nöroleptik bir ilaç kullanılmasıyla gelişen
bir hareket bozukluğu olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Etiyolojisi net olarak
belirlenememiştir. Patofizyolojisi için ortaya konulan farklı hipotezler ile
ilişkili farklı tedavi yaklaşımları bulunmaktadır. Önerilen tedavilerin pek
çoğunun kanıt düzeyi düşüktür. Tüm bu özellikler dikkate alındığında risk
faktörlerini iyi bilmenin TD oluşumunu önleme açısından değerli olduğu sonucu
çıkartılabilir. Ayrıca iyi bir ayırıcı tanı da erken müdahalede bulunulabilmesi
için değerlidir. Bu yazıda pskiyatristlerin ve diğer hekimlerin TD konusundaki
farkındalıklarını artırmak amacıyla tardif diskinezinin tanı ve güncel tedavi
yaklaşımları gözden geçirilmiştir.
Aesthetic Rehabilitation of Enamel Hypomineralization with Microabrasion and Direct Composites (18 Month-Follow-up Report)
Authors: DOKUMACİGİL Gokhan , KORKUT Bora , ATALİ Pinar Yilmaz , TOPBASİ Faik Bulent
Published: August 2019

Objective: This case report represents a direct, prepless treatment of discolored anterior teeth due to Molar-Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) defect following microabrasion and vital bleaching.Methods: Following clinical and radiological examinations, the discolored, teeth were microabraded with a microabrasive agent containing 6.6% HCI (hydrochloric acid) and silicone carbide particles. Then the teeth were bleached by using 40% hydrogen peroxide. Finally direct composite restorations were performed with A2 shade. Polishing procedure was done by using polishing discs and spiral wheels.Result: The restorations were evaluated in terms of retention, marginal integrity, marginal discoloration, anatomical form, secondary caries, surface texture, shade match, and postoperative sensitivity according to ‘The Modified United States Public Health Service’ (USPHS) criterias at 3rd, 9th and 18th months. Nevertheless, it was detected slight abrasion at 18-month follow-up on the labial surfaces of teeth #11 and #21, all the scores were considered as acceptable.Conclusion: The microabrasion, vital bleaching and direct composite restoration combination is considered as a promising treatment method for MIH effected teeth under the conditions of this study.
In Vitro Activity of Fosfomycin on Biofilm in Community-Acquired Staphylococcus Aureus Isolates
Authors: SEZGİN Fikriye Milletli , AVCU Mustafa , SEVİM Elif , BABAOGLU Ulken Tunga
Published: August 2019

Objective: Staphylococcus aureus is a significant
pathogen microorganism that can lead to serious infections. In this study, we
researched the activity of biofilm formation and fosfomycin on biofilm in
community-acquired S. aureus isolates
that were drawn from human noses.

Methods: Microtitration plate
method was used to determine biofilm formation. The effect of fosfomycin on
sessile cells was studied on biofilm matrix composed around plastic beads. The
icaA, icaD, icaB, icaC, bap, eno, fnbA, fnbB, clfA, clfB, fib, ebpS, cna and
mecA genes were screened by Polymerase Chain Reactions (PCR).

Results: S. aureus was isolated from 87 samples (13.2%) out of a total 658
nasal samples. We found that 10 of these isolates (11.4%) were
methicillin-resistant S. aureus
(MRSA). A total of 86 isolates had the ability to form biofilm. The biofilm
inhibitor concentration (BIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration
(MBEC) of fosfomycin were determined as 8 µg/ml and 32 µg/ml, respectively. In
the molecular detection results of biofilm-related genes of these isolates,
ica-dependent genes were determined to be quite high. However, no bap gene was
observed to be positive in any of the isolates. Among the other genes, the most
frequent genes to be declared positive were eno (97.6%) and fnbA (94.1%).

Conclusion: This study
indicates that prevalence of biofilm genes in S. aureus isolates in nasal flora is high and fosfomycin is an
effective anti-biofilm agent alone. However, to increase fosfomycin’s
efficiency, there is a need for more combination studies to make it more
effective.
Orthodontic Treatment and Pulp Stone Formation: Is There a Relationship?
Authors: KORKMAZ Yasemin Nur , AYDIN Zeliha Ugur , SARIOGLU Burak
Published: August 2019

Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effect of orthodontic treatment on pulp stone formation.Methods: The sample population comprised 504 patients (182 males, 312 females) with a mean age of 17.7 ± 2.9 years that underwent orthodontic treatment. The pre-treatment and post-treatment panoramic radiographs of the patients were evaluated to detect pulp stones before and after orthodontic treatment. The data were analyzed using Mc Nemar, Chi-square and Fisher Exact tests.Results: The statistical analysis showed that pulp stone numbers increased significantly after treatment (p˂0.05) and there was no statistically significant difference between the sexes in terms of pulp stone enhancement. The increment of pulp stone numbers after treatment was found to be significantly higher in molars than other teeth (p˂0.05). In canine teeth, the increase in pulp stones was statistically higher in females than in males (p˂0.05).Conclusion: The results of this study showed that pulp stone numbers increased at different percentages after orthodontic treatment in all tooth groups. It may be concluded that orthodontic treatment can affect calcification metabolism of the pulp and orthodontic forces may increase pulp stone formation.
Morphological Observation and Correlation of Growth and Yield Characteristics with Grain Quality and Antioxidant Activities in Exotic Rice Varieties of Afghanistan
Authors: Kakar Kifayatullah , Xuan Tran , Abdiani Saidajan , Wafa Imran , Noori Zubair , Attai Shakeib , Khanh Tran , Tran Hoang-Dung
Published: August 2019

Rice is an important staple food for Afghans. Its production has been increased, and attention is needed to improve grain quality. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the growth, yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and morphological structures of four exotic rice varieties widely grown in Afghanistan (Attai-1, Jalalabad-14, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass). Antioxidant activities, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), of rice grain were determined. A scanning electron microscopic observation was conducted on the cross-cut section of dehulled rice grains. The results showed a wide variation among four rice varieties for growth, grain yield, physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and morphology. Tiller and panicle number per hill, 1000-grain weight, grain yield, and antioxidant activities were found to be highest in Jalalabad-14. Attai-1 showed lower amylose, protein, and lipid contents with a high number of perfect grains, consequently enhanced taste point (score of quality). Grain yield, protein, and amylose contents showed a negative correlation with antioxidant activities. Accumulated structures in Attai-1, Shishambagh-14, and Zodrass were normal; however, Jalalabad-14 increased protein bodies and its traces in the amyloplasts. Information on yield potential, grain quality, and nutritional value of these exotic rice varieties may useful for sustainable food provision and nutritional improvement of rice in Afghanistan.
Effects of Sub-Optimal Temperatures on Seed Germination of Three Warm-Season Turfgrasses with Perspectives of Cultivation in Transition Zone
Authors: Giolo Maurizio , Benincasa Paolo , Anastasi Giuseppe , Macolino Stefano , Onofri Andrea
Published: August 2019

Warm-season turfgrass species prevail in tropical and subtropical areas, but can also be grown in the transition zone. In this case, cold tolerance is a key aspect for germination and successful turfgrass establishment. The germination response to sub-optimal temperatures was investigated for Cynodon dactylon (cvs Jackpot, La Paloma, Transcontinental, Yukon, Riviera), Buchloe dactyloides (cv SWI 2000) and Paspalum vaginatum (cv Pure Dynasty). Four temperature regimes were applied, i.e., 20/30 °C, 15/25 °C, 10/20 °C and 5/15 °C, with a 12:12 h (light:dark) photoperiod. Germination assays were performed twice, with six replicates (Petri dishes) per treatment in each experiment, fifty seeds per dish. The final germinated percentages at last inspection time (FGP) were obtained for each Petri dish and processed by using a generalized linear mixed model (binomial error and logit link). Germination curves were fitted to each Petri dish by using time-to-event methods and germination rates (GR) for the 10th, 20th and 30th percentiles were derived and used to fit a linear thermal-time model. For all cultivars, FGP decreased with decreasing mean daily temperatures. Base temperatures (Tb) ranged between 11.4 °C and 17.0 °C, while the thermal time to obtain 30% germination ranged from 51.3 °C day for SWI 2000 to 144.0 °C day for Pure Dynasty. The estimated parameters were used to predict germination time in the field, considering the observed soil temperatures in Legnaro. The estimated date for the beginning of germination in the field would range from early April for SWI 2000 and Transcontinental to mid-May for Riviera. These results might be used as a practical support for planning spring sowing, which is crucial for successful turfgrass establishment, especially without irrigation.
Genome-Wide Scan for Runs of Homozygosity Identifies Candidate Genes in Three Pig Breeds
Authors: Xie Rui , Shi Liangyu , Liu Jiaxin , Deng Tianyu , Wang Lixian , Liu Yang , Zhao Fuping
Published: August 2019

Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are contiguous homozygous genotype segments in the genome that are present in an individual since the identical haplotypes are inherited from each parent. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and distribution of ROH in the genomes of Landrace, Songliao black and Yorkshire pigs. We calculated two types of genome inbreeding coefficients and their correlation, including the inbreeding coefficient based on ROH (FROH) and the inbreeding coefficient based on the difference between the observed and expected number of homozygous genotypes (FHOM). Furthermore, we identified candidate genes in the genomic region most associated with ROH. We identified 21,312 ROH in total. The average number of ROH per individual was 32.99 ± 0.38 and the average length of ROH was 6.40 ± 0.070 Mb in the three breeds. The FROH results showed that Yorkshire pigs exhibited the highest level of inbreeding (0.092 ± 0.0015) and that Landrace pigs exhibited the lowest level of inbreeding (0.073 ± 0.0047). The average correlation between FROH and FHOM was high (0.94) within three breeds. The length of ROH provides insight into the inbreeding history of these three pig breeds. In this study, Songliao black pigs presented a higher frequency and average length of long ROH (>40 Mb) compared with those of Landrace and Yorkshire pigs, which indicated greater inbreeding in recent times. Genes related to reproductive traits (GATM, SPATA46, HSD17B7, VANGL2, DAXX, CPEB1), meat quality traits (NR1I3, APOA2, USF1) and energy conversion (NDUFS2) were identified within genomic regions with a high frequency of ROH. These genes could be used as target genes for further marker-assisted selection and genome selection.
Viburnum opulus Fruit Phenolic Compounds as Cytoprotective Agents Able to Decrease Free Fatty Acids and Glucose Uptake by Caco-2 Cells
Authors: Zakłos-Szyda Małgorzata , Pawlik Nina , Polka Dominika , Nowak Adriana , Koziołkiewicz Maria , Podsędek Anna
Published: August 2019

In recent years, there has been increasing interest in studying food-originated phytocompounds with beneficial influences for humans. Amongst the most active natural substances are polyphenols, for which high content has been identified in the Viburnum opulus berry, and which are unused in Western Europe. Due to its strong antioxidant activity we explored the potential of V. opulus as a preventive agent against diet-related chronic diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. Among the causes of these ailments is oxidative stress, as well as impaired glucose and free fatty acids (FFA) uptake. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine biological activity of V. opulus phenolic extracts as cytoprotective agents able to decrease induced oxidative stress, lower lipid accumulation and attenuate glucose and FFA uptake by Caco-2 cells via GLUT2 and CD36/FAT transporters. To determine the source of the most biologically active phenolic compounds, we obtained four phenolic compounds extracts as crude juice, phenolics isolated from juice and two preparations of phenolics obtained with different extraction agents from fruit pomace. Among the studied extracts, the phenolic rich fraction obtained from fruit juice revealed the strongest activity to decrease uptake of glucose, FFA and accumulation of lipid droplets in Caco-2 cells without affecting their viability (IC0 50 μg/mL). Observed uptake attenuation was followed by decrease of the CD36/FAT gene expression, without influence on the GLUT2 and PPARα levels. We suspect that V. opulus phenolics were able to modulate the cellular membrane dynamic, although that hypothesis requires further, more detailed studies. Extracts revealed strong chemo-preventive activity against oxidative stress induced chemically by tert-butylhydroperoxide (t-BOOH), as well as against DNA damage through the induction of DNA repair after cell exposition to methylnitronitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and H2O2. Our findings suggest Viburnum opulus fruit as a dietary source of phytocompounds, which could be considered as a tailored design food supplement components for the prevention and treatment of postprandial elevation of glucose and fatty acids through delaying the rate of glucose and fatty acid absorption by intestinal cells.
Analysis of Methanolic Extracts and Crude Polysaccharides from the Leaves of Chuanminshen violaceum and Their Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Lin Shang , Li Hong-Yi , Wang Zi-Ying , Liu Xin , Yang Yang , Cao Zheng-Wen , Du Gang , Zhao Li , Zhang Qing , Wu Ding-Tao , Qin Wen
Published: August 2019

The root of Chuanminshen violaceum is used as an important edible and medicinal plant in China. However, its leaves are generally considered byproducts, and therefore do not have a use. Thus, the phenolic compounds in the methanolic extracts (CVLMs) and the chemical characteristics of crude polysaccharides (CVLPs) from the leaves of C. violaceum and their in vitro antioxidant activities were explored. The results showed that chlorogenic acid and rutin were the major individual phenolic compounds in the leaves, which ranged from 1.22 ± 0.03 to 2.87 ± 0.04 mg/g DW, and from 2.25 ± 0.04 to 4.03 ± 0.05 mg/g DW, respectively. Meanwhile, the extraction yields of CVLPs from the leaves ranged from 4.73% to 5.41%. The CVLPs consisted of mannose, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose, suggesting the existence of pectic polysaccharides. Furthermore, both CVLMs and CVLPs exhibited strong antioxidant activities. Chlorogenic acid and rutin were major contributors to the antioxidant activities of CVLMs, and the antioxidant activities of CVLPs were closely correlated to their α-1,4-D-galactosiduronic linkages. The results are beneficial for understanding the chemical properties and in vitro antioxidant activities of CVLMs and CVLPs. The leaves of C. violaceum have potential to be developed as natural antioxidants.
Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) Sensors in a High-Scattering Optical Fiber Doped with MgO Nanoparticles for Polarization-Dependent Temperature Sensing
Authors: Molardi Carlo , Paixão Tiago , Beisenova Aidana , Min Rui , Antunes Paulo , Marques Carlos , Blanc Wilfried , Tosi Daniele
Published: August 2019

The characterization of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors on a high-scattering fiber, having the core doped with MgO nanoparticles for polarization-dependent temperature sensing is reported. The fiber has a scattering level 37.2 dB higher than a single-mode fiber. FBGs have been inscribed by mean of a near-infrared femtosecond laser and a phase mask, with Bragg wavelength around 1552 nm. The characterization shows a thermal sensitivity of 11.45 pm/°C. A polarization-selective thermal behavior has been obtained, with sensitivity of 11.53 pm/°C for the perpendicular polarization (S) and 11.08 pm/°C for the parallel polarization (P), thus having 4.0% different sensitivity between the two polarizations. The results show the inscription of high-reflectivity FBGs onto a fiber core doped with nanoparticles, with the possibility of having reflectors into a fiber with tailored Rayleigh scattering properties.
Life Cycle Assessment of an On-Road Dynamic Charging Infrastructure
Authors: Marmiroli Benedetta , Dotelli Giovanni , Spessa Ezio
Published: August 2019

On road dynamic charging represents a possible solution for the electrification of the transport sector and eventually, for its decarbonisation. However, only a few studies have evaluated the environmental impact of this technology. A detailed life cycle assessment (LCA) of charging infrastructure is missing. This study is a life cycle assessment of the construction and maintenance of an electrified road (e-road) equipped with dynamic wireless power transfer technology (DWPT). The data from an e-road tested in a test site in Susa (Italy) have been adapted for motorway applications. The results show the relevance of wireless power transfer components compared to traditional components and materials. The wireless power transfer (WPT) component production in fact accounts for more than 70% of the impacts in the climate change category, even though it represents less than 1% weight. Maintenance is the phase with the highest impact due to the structural features of the e-road. However, there is considerable uncertainty about this value which still requires further refinement when more data from e-road monitoring are available.
Metallurgical Aspects in the Welding of Clad Pipelines—A Global Outlook
Authors: Bunaziv Ivan , Olden Vigdis , Akselsen Odd M.
Published: August 2019

In the present work, the metallurgical changes in the welding of clad pipelines are studied. Clad pipes consist of a complex multi-material system, with (i) the clad being stainless steel or a nickel-based superalloy, (ii) the pipe being API X60 or X65 high-strength carbon steel, and (iii) the welding wire being a nickel-based superalloy or stainless steel in the root and hot pass, with a nickel or iron buffer layer, followed by filling with carbon steel wire. Alternatively, the corrosion resistant alloy may be used only. During production of the clad pipe, at the diffusion bonding temperature, substantial material changes may occur. These are carbon diffusion from the carbon steel to the clad, followed by the formation of hard martensite at the interface on cooling. The solidification behavior and microstructure evolution in the weld metal and in the heat-affected zone are further discussed for the different material combinations. Solidification behavior was also numerically estimated to show solidification parameters and resulting solidification modes.
A New Maximum Likelihood Estimator Formulated in Pole-Residue Modal Model
Authors: Amador Sandro , El-Kafafy Mahmoud , Cunha Álvaro , Brincker Rune
Published: August 2019

Recently, a lot of efforts have been devoted to developing more precise Modal Parameter Estimation (MPE) techniques. This is explained by the necessity in civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering of obtaining accurate estimates for the modal parameters of the tested structures, as well as of determining reliable confidence intervals for these estimates. The Non-linear Least Squares (NLS) identification techniques based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) have been increasingly used in modal analysis to improve precision of estimates provided by the Least Squares (LS) based estimators when they are not accurate enough. Apart from providing more accurate estimates, the main advantage of the ML estimators, with regard to their LS counterparts, is that they allow for taking into account not only the measured Frequency Response Functions (FRFs) but also the noise information during the parametric identification process and, therefore, provide the modal parameters estimates together with their uncertainties bounds. In this paper, a new derivation of a Maximum Likelihood Estimator formulated in Pole-residue Modal Model (MLE-PMM) is presented. The proposed formulation is meant to be used in combination with the Least Squares Frequency Domain (LSCF) to improve the precision of the modal parameter estimates and compute their confidence intervals. Aiming at demonstrating the efficiency of the proposed approach, it is applied to two simulated examples in the final part of the paper.
A Sparse Model of Guided Wave Tomography for Corrosion Mapping in Structure Health Monitoring Applications
Authors: Gao Yu , Zhang Jian Qiu
Published: August 2019

To improve the reconstruction image spatial resolutions of ultrasonic guided wave ray tomography, a sparse model, based on the differences between the inspected and original slowness of the ultrasonic guided waves propagating in the plate-like or pipe-like materials, is first proposed in this paper. Unlike the conventional ultrasonic guided wave tomography whose reconstruction image resolutions are limited by an underdetermined linear model, analyses show that our new model, although it is also underdetermined, can give the optimal solution of the reconstruction image when the constraints on the sparsity of the slowness difference distribution are valid. The reason for the validation of the sparse constraints on the corrosions of the materials is explained. Based on our new model, a least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) approach to do the thickness change mapping of a structure health monitoring (SHM) application is then formulated. Analyses also show that the visible artifacts can be avoided using our method, and the spatial resolutions of reconstruction image by our approach can further be improved by increasing the number of grids in the calculation. The approach is validated by experimental work on an aluminum plate. It is also shown that compared to the conventional ray tomography, the presented method can achieve a relatively high spatial resolution, with good suppression of artifacts.
Practical V2I Secure Communication Schemes for Heterogeneous VANETs
Authors: Zhou Fuxiao , Li Yanping , Ding Yong
Published: August 2019

Since the roadside infrastructure and vehicles come from different manufacturers, vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) now are extremely heterogeneous. It is difficult to communicate securely for heterogeneous facilities in VANETs because secure communication needs to concurrently realize confidentiality, authentication, integrity, and non-repudiation. To meet the above security attributes in one logical step, four bi-directional signcryption schemes are proposed for specific heterogeneous vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication in this paper. The first scheme supports batch verification, which allows multiple vehicles registered in a public key infrastructure (PKI) system to transmit messages to a receiver in an identity-based cryptosystem (IBC), both which are the mainstream public key cryptosystems. The second scheme supports a sender in a PKI to securely broadcast a message to multiple vehicles in an IBC. The communication direction of the latter two schemes is opposite to the former two schemes (i.e., from IBC to PKI). All these schemes can be proved to satisfy confidentiality and unforgeability based on the assumptions of decisional and computational Diffie-Hellman problems in the random oracle model. Furthermore, numerical analyses and simulation results demonstrate the computation costs, communication costs, storage, and the aggregate ciphertext length of our schemes are better than the existing ones.
Machine Learning Approaches for Designing Mesoscale Structure of Li-Ion Battery Electrodes
Authors: Takagishi Yoichi , Yamanaka Takumi , Yamaue Tatsuya
Published: August 2019

We have proposed a data-driven approach for designing the mesoscale porous structures of Li-ion battery electrodes, using three-dimensional virtual structures and machine learning techniques. Over 2000 artificial 3D structures, assuming a positive electrode composed of randomly packed spheres as the active material particles, are generated, and the charge/discharge specific resistance has been evaluated using a simplified physico-chemical model. The specific resistance from Li diffusion in the active material particles (diffusion resistance), the transfer specific resistance of Li+ in the electrolyte (electrolyte resistance), and the reaction resistance on the interface between the active material and electrolyte are simulated, based on the mass balance of Li, Ohm’s law, and the linearized Butler–Volmer equation, respectively. Using these simulation results, regression models, using an artificial neural network (ANN), have been created in order to predict the charge/discharge specific resistance from porous structure features. In this study, porosity, active material particle size and volume fraction, pressure in the compaction process, electrolyte conductivity, and binder/additives volume fraction are adopted, as features associated with controllable process parameters for manufacturing the battery electrode. As a result, the predicted electrode specific resistance by the ANN regression model is in good agreement with the simulated values. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses and an optimization of the process parameters have been carried out. Although the proposed approach is based only on the simulation results, it could serve as a reference for the determination of process parameters in battery electrode manufacturing.
Perspective: Potential Impact and Therapeutic Implications of Oncogenic PI3K Activation on Chromosomal Instability
Authors: Vanhaesebroeck Bart , Bilanges Benoit , Madsen Ralitsa , Dale Katie , Lau Evelyn , Vladimirou Elina
Published: August 2019

Genetic activation of the class I PI3K pathway is very common in cancer. This mostly results from oncogenic mutations in PIK3CA, the gene encoding the ubiquitously expressed PI3Kα catalytic subunit, or from inactivation of the PTEN tumour suppressor, a lipid phosphatase that opposes class I PI3K signalling. The clinical impact of PI3K inhibitors in solid tumours, aimed at dampening cancer-cell-intrinsic PI3K activity, has thus far been limited. Challenges include poor drug tolerance, incomplete pathway inhibition and pre-existing or inhibitor-induced resistance. The principle of pharmacologically targeting cancer-cell-intrinsic PI3K activity also assumes that all cancer-promoting effects of PI3K activation are reversible, which might not be the case. Emerging evidence suggests that genetic PI3K pathway activation can induce and/or allow cells to tolerate chromosomal instability, which—even if occurring in a low fraction of the cell population—might help to facilitate and/or drive tumour evolution. While it is clear that such genomic events cannot be reverted pharmacologically, a role for PI3K in the regulation of chromosomal instability could be exploited by using PI3K pathway inhibitors to prevent those genomic events from happening and/or reduce the pace at which they are occurring, thereby dampening cancer development or progression. Such an impact might be most effective in tumours with clonal PI3K activation and achievable at lower drug doses than the maximum-tolerated doses of PI3K inhibitors currently used in the clinic.
Delivery of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles into Primordial Germ Cells in Sturgeon
Authors: Baloch Abdul Rasheed , Fučíková Michaela , Rodina Marek , Metscher Brian , Tichopád Tomáš , Shah Mujahid Ali , Franěk Roman , Pšenička Martin
Published: August 2019

Nanoparticles are finding increasing applications in diagnostics, imaging and therapeutics in medicine. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have received significant interest of scientific community due to their distinctive properties. For the first time, we have delivered IONs into germ cells in any species. Our results showed that sturgeon primordial germ cells (PGCs) delivered with IONs could be detected until seven days post fertilization (dpf) under fluorescent microscope and at 22 dpf by micro-CT. Delivery of IONs into cells could be helpful for studying germ cell biology and the improvement of germ cell-based bio-technologies as isolation of PGCs using magnetic activated cell sorting or application of hyperthermia for a host sterilization purpose. Intriguingly, in our study, we did not find any toxic effects of IONs on the survival and hatching rates of sturgeon embryos when compared with embryos injected with FITC-dextran only.
A Multimodal Approach to Stratification of Patients with Dementia: Selection of Mixed Dementia Patients Prior to Autopsy
Authors: Rosenberg Gary A. , Prestopnik Jillian , Knoefel Janice , Adair John C. , Thompson Jeffrey , Raja Rajikha , Caprihan Arvind
Published: August 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are major causes of dementia, and when combined lead to accelerated cognitive loss. We hypothesized that biomarkers of neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation could be used to stratify patients into diagnostic groups. Diagnosis of AD can be made biologically with detection of amyloid and tau proteins in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and vascular disease can be identified with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We recruited patients with cognitive complaints and made an initial clinical diagnosis. After one year of follow-up we made a biological diagnosis based on the use of biomarkers obtained from DTI, CSF AD, and inflammatory proteins, and neuropsychological testing. Patients with AD had primarily findings of neurodegeneration (CSF showing increased tau and reduced amyloid), while patients with neuroinflammation had abnormal DTI mean diffusion (MD) in the white matter. Using the biological biomarkers resulted in many of the clinically diagnosed AD patients moving into mixed dementia (MX). Biomarkers of inflammation tended to be higher in the MX than in either the AD or VCID, suggesting dual pathology leads to increased inflammation, which could explain accelerated cognitive decline in that group.
Analysis of AR/ARV7 Expression in Isolated Circulating Tumor Cells of Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (SAKK 08/14 IMPROVE Trial)
Authors: Bratic Hench Ivana , Cathomas Richard , Costa Luigi , Fischer Natalie , Gillessen Silke , Hench Jürgen , Hermanns Thomas , Kremer Eloïse , Mingrone Walter , Pereira Mestre Ricardo , Püschel Heike , Rothermundt Christian , Ruiz Christian , Tolnay Markus , Von Burg Philippe , Bubendorf Lukas , Vlajnic Tatjana
Published: August 2019

Despite several treatment options and an initial high response rate to androgen deprivation therapy, the majority of prostate cancers will eventually become castration-resistant in the metastatic stage (mCRPC). Androgen receptor splice variant 7 (ARV7) is one of the best-characterized androgen receptor (AR) variants whose expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been associated with enzalutamide resistance. ARV7 expression analysis before and during enzalutamide treatment could identify patients requiring alternative systemic therapies. However, a robust test for the assessment of the ARV7 status in patient samples is still missing. Here, we implemented an RT-qPCR-based assay for detection of AR full length (ARFL)/ARV7 expression in CTCs for clinical use. Additionally, as a proof-of-principle, we validated a cohort of 95 mCRPC patients initiating first line treatment with enzalutamide or enzalutamide/metformin within a clinical trial. A total of 95 mCRPC patients were analyzed at baseline of whom 27.3% (26/95) had ARFL+ARV7+, 23.1% (22/95) had ARFL+ARV7−, 23.1% (22/95) had ARFL−ARV7−, and 1.1% (1/95) had ARFL−ARV7+ CTCs. In 11.6% (11/95), no CTCs could be isolated. A total of 25/95 patients had another CTC analysis at progressive disease, of whom 48% (12/25) were ARV7+. Of those, 50% (6/12) were ARV7− and 50% (6/12) were ARV7+ at baseline. Our results show that mRNA analysis of isolated CTCs in mCRPC is feasible and allows for longitudinal endocrine agent response monitoring and hence could contribute to treatment optimization in mCRPC.
Circulating Tumor Cell PD-L1 Expression as Biomarker for Therapeutic Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in NSCLC
Authors: Kloten Vera , Lampignano Rita , Krahn Thomas , Schlange Thomas
Published: August 2019

Over the last decade, the immune checkpoint blockade targeting the programmed death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis has improved progression-free and overall survival of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. PD-L1 tumor expression, along with tumor mutational burden, is currently being explored as a predictive biomarker for responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, lung cancer patients may have insufficient tumor tissue samples and the high bleeding risk often prevents additional biopsies and, as a consequence, immunohistological evaluation of PD-L1 expression. In addition, PD-L1 shows a dynamic expression profile and can be influenced by intratumoral heterogeneity as well as the immune cell infiltrate in the tumor and its microenvironment, influencing the response rate to PD-1/PD-L1 axis ICIs. Therefore, to identify subgroups of patients with advanced NSCLC that will most likely benefit from ICI therapies, molecular characterization of PD-L1 expression in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) might be supportive. In this review, we highlight the use of CTCs as a complementary diagnostic tool for PD-L1 expression analysis in advanced NSCLC patients. In addition, we examine technical issues of PD-L1 measurement in tissue as well as in CTCs.
Paint Removal on the 5A06 Aluminum Alloy Using a Continuous Wave Fiber Laser
Authors: Lu Yao , Yang LiJun , Wang Yang , Chen Hao , Guo Bin , Tian Ze
Published: August 2019

Paint removal is an important part of ship and marine engineering ship processing. Aluminum alloy is extremely vital in the field of shipbuilding, due to its high strength and strong corrosion resistance ability. Therefore, the cleaning quality of aluminum alloy is a key factor in the service life of the ship. In this paper, the research about continuous wave (CW) laser cleaning technique is employed to clean the paint on the substrate of aluminum alloy. The track width and depth of laser ablated craters are measured to study the removal rates. The analysis of CW laser cleaning is performed to explain the removal process that is theoretically based on the cleaning model, temperature, and the thermal stress profiles. The parametric and morphological studies indicate that the cleaned surface of aluminum alloy could be achieved at proper parameters. The performance of the laser cleaned surface at an intensity of 11.9 W/cm2 has better corrosion resistance and surface roughness. Therefore, the experimental results were considered to provide more completed and further understandings of interaction mechanism between the laser and paint on the aluminum alloy substrate, which could make some contributions to the development of laser manufacturing.
Reaching Vulnerable Populations through Portable and Mobile Dentistry—Current and Future Opportunities
Authors: Gupta Shailee , Hakim Muna , Patel Dishant , Stow Lauren C. , Shin Katherine , Timothé Peggy , Nalliah Romesh P.
Published: August 2019

The Action for Dental Health Act of 2017 bill is intended to prevent dental disease and divert dental emergencies from high-cost centers (like hospital emergency rooms) to dental offices. Lines 15–17 of the bill include grant funding to support portable or mobile dental equipment, and this should lead to an expansion of opportunities to deliver and receive care through the use of portable dental equipment and mobile dental vans, i.e., portable and mobile dentistry (PMD). Historically, PMD has been valuable to bridge the access gap for those for whom transport can be a challenge, like children and the elderly. However, PMD could be valuable to large employers, allowing the employees to receive dental care with minimal disruption to their workday. Oral pain is known to affect work and school attendance, and improving access to dental care could benefit individuals, families, organizations, and communities.