bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyond Knowledge Transfer: The Role of Coach Developers as Motivators for Lifelong Learning
Authors: Dohme Lea-Cathrin , Rankin-Wright Alexandra J. , Lara-Bercial Sergio
Published: September 2019

Research investigating coach education and development has grown significantly over the past three decades. Most of these efforts have focused on establishing how coaches learn; yet the actual impact of specific coach education and development interventions has received considerably less attention. Moreover, the role of coach developers in facilitating this impact remains largely unknown. To address this knowledge gap, this study used a realist evaluation approach to engage in a detailed exploration of a large-scale, multi-annual coach education and development intervention with high school coaches in the Philippines. Using interviews and focus groups at two different time points with multiple stakeholders, this study established a series of context, mechanism and outcome configurations that provide a nuanced perspective on how coach education and development works. More specifically, this paper offers a novel interpretation of the role of coach developers as ‘motivators for lifelong learning’ established through three key mechanisms: 1) being available, approachable, and supportive; 2) creating a sense of belonging; and 3) raising coaches’ aspirations by increasing their sense of purpose and duty. Practical guidelines for the education of coach developers, as well as future coach education and development programmes are provided.
Voices From the Field: Q&A With Coach Developers Around the World
Authors: Callary Bettina , Gearity Brian
Published: September 2019

As the editors of the special issue for coach developers, we have rounded out the research-based articles within this issue by seeking the perspectives of practitioners worldwide on what it means to be a coach developer in their respective countries. We ask three simple questions that are answered directly by active coach developers. Their answers bring to light the reality of coach developers’ experiences and their interests in the advancement of the field within the near future. In this short article, practitioners from countries in Africa, South America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania provide valuable input in understanding this burgeoning field.
Synergistic Lethal Mutagenesis of Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Gallego Isabel , Soria María Eugenia , Gregori Josep , de Ávila Ana I. , García-Crespo Carlos , Moreno Elena , Gadea Ignacio , Esteban Jaime , Fernández-Roblas Ricardo , Esteban Juan Ignacio , Gómez Jordi , Quer Josep , Domingo Esteban , Perales Celia
Published: September 2019

Lethal mutagenesis is an antiviral approach that consists of extinguishing a virus by an excess of mutations acquired during replication in the presence of a mutagenic agent, often a nucleotide analogue. One of its advantages is its broad-spectrum nature, which renders the strategy potentially effective against emergent RNA viral infections. Here we describe the synergistic lethal mutagenesis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) by a combination of favipiravir (T-705) and ribavirin.
Identification and Characterization of “
Haemophilus quentini
” Strains Causing Invasive Disease in Ontario, Canada (2016 to 2018)
Authors: Kus Julianne V. , Shuel Michelle , Soares Deirdre , Hoang William , Law Dennis , Tsang Raymond S. W.
Published: September 2019

Haemophilus influenzae
is a well-established human pathogen capable of causing a range of respiratory and invasive diseases. Since the 1970s, it has been observed that a nontypeable cryptic genospecies of
H. influenzae
, most often biotype IV, has been associated with the genitourinary tracts of females and with invasive neonatal infections.
Rapid cycle deliberate practice improves and sustains paediatric resident PALS performance
Authors: Swinger Nathan D , Rutledge Chrystal , Gaither Stacy , Youngblood Amber Q , Zinkan Jerri Lynn , Tofil Nancy M
Published: September 2019

Objectives

Paediatric cardiopulmonary arrest resuscitation is a critically important skill but infrequently used in clinical practice. Therefore, resuscitation knowledge relies heavily on formal training which is vulnerable to rapid knowledge decay. We evaluate knowledge and skill retention post-training using rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP).

Design

Pilot, non-blinded, single-arm study.

Setting

Pediatric Simulation Center at Children’s of Alabama.

Participants

42 paediatric residents at a large, tertiary care, academic children’s hospital were enrolled in this simulation-based resuscitation study.

Interventions

Each participant led a 7 min preintervention arrest scenario as a baseline test. After testing, participants were trained individually in the paediatric advanced life support (PALS) skills necessary for resuscitation of a patient in pulseless electrical activity and ventricular fibrillation using RCDP—a simulation method using frequent expert feedback and repeated opportunities for the learner to incorporate new learning. Immediately post-training, participants were retested as leaders of a different paediatric arrest scenario. 3 months post-training participants returned to complete a final simulation scenario.

Main outcome measures

To evaluate knowledge and skill retention following PALS training.

Results

Preintervention data demonstrated poor baseline resident performance with an average PALS score of 52%. Performance improved to 94% immediately post-training and this improvement largely persisted at 3 months, with an average performance of 81%. In addition to improvements in performance, individual skills improved including communication, recognition of rhythms, early chest compressions and rapid administration of epinephrine or defibrillation.

Conclusions

RCDP training was associated with significant improvements in resident performance during simulated paediatric resuscitation and high retention of those improvements.
Left ventricular global strains by linear measurements in three dimensions: interrelations and relations to age, gender and body size in the HUNT Study
Authors: Støylen Asbjørn , Mølmen Harald Edvard , Dalen Håvard
Published: September 2019

Background

Strain is a relative deformation and has three dimensions, in the left ventricle (LV) usually longitudinal (εL), transmural (εT) and circumferential (εC) strain. All three components can be measured generically by the basic systolic and diastolic dimension measures of LV wall length, wall thickness and diameter. In this observational study we aimed to study the relations of normal generic strains to age, body size and gender, as well as the interrelations between the three strain components.

Methods

Generic strains derived from dimension measures by longitudinal and cross-sectional M-mode in all three dimensions were measured in 1266 individuals without heart disease from the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study.

Results

The mean εLwas −16.3%, εCwas −22.7% and εTwas 56.5%. Normal values by age and gender are provided. There was a gradient of εCfrom the endocardial, via the midwall to the external level, lowest at the external. All strains decreased in absolute values by increasing body surface area (BSA) and age, relations were strongest for εL. Gender differences were mainly a function of BSA differences. The three strain components were strongly interrelated through myocardial incompressibility.

Conclusions

Global systolic strain is the total deformation of the myocardium; the three strain components are the spatial coordinates of this deformation, irrespective of the technology used for measurement. Normal values are method-dependent and not normative across methods. Interrelation of strains indicates a high degree of myocardial incompressibility and that longitudinal strain carries most of the total information.
Application of the extension exponential rational function method for higher-dimensional Broer–Kaup–Kupershmidt dynamical system
Authors: Seadawy Aly R. , El-Rashidy K.
Published: September 2019

The extension of exponential rational function method is obtained to construct a series of exact solutions for higher-dimensional Broer–Kaup–Kupershmidt (BKK) dynamical system. New and general solutions are found. The solutions reported in this work are kink solutions, anti-kink solutions and bright solutions. They are expressed in terms of rational exponential functions. A confrontation of our results with the well-known results are done and it comes from this study that the solutions obtained here are new. The mathematical method applied to search for our solutions can be used for other nonlinear partial differential equations. The graphics of the obtained solutions in this paper are shown.
Survival of weak-field seekers inside a TOP trap even beyond the adiabatic condition
Authors: Dutta Nirupam , Dey Anirban , Panigrahi Prasanta K.
Published: September 2019

In this paper, for the first time in the context of time orbiting potential (TOP) trap, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the adiabatic evolution of weak field seeking states have been quantitatively examined. It has been well accepted since decades that adiabaticity has to be obeyed by the atoms for successful magnetic trapping. However, we show, on the contrary, that atoms can also be confined beyond the adiabatic limit. For the demonstration, we have considered a toy model of a single weak field seeking atom in its ground state and have calculated its survival probability inside a TOP trap. Our findings open new possibilities to relax the restrictions of atom trapping in laboratories.
Violation of electromagnetic U1 symmetry by Yang–Mills gravity and deflection of light experiment
Authors: Hsu Leonardo , Hsu Jong-Ping , Hao Yun
Published: September 2019

Within the gauge symmetry framework, the [Formula: see text] symmetry of electrodynamics is violated in the presence of gravity with spacetime translational gauge symmetry in inertial frames. For a light ray, an eikonal equation with effective metric tensors is derived in the geometric-optics limit. Under these conditions, the angle of the deflection of light by the sun is calculated to be [Formula: see text] in inertial frames without requiring a gauge condition such as [Formula: see text]. In contrast, if the theory is [Formula: see text] gauge invariant, one can impose the gauge condition [Formula: see text] in the derivation of the eikonal equation. In this case, one obtains a slightly different effective metric tensor and a different angle of deflection [Formula: see text]. However, because the precision of experiments in the last century using optical frequencies has been no better than (10–20)% due to large systematic errors, one cannot unambiguously rule out the result [Formula: see text]. We hope that the precision of these data can be improved in order to test Yang–Mills gravity.
Influence of magnetic field on the properties of polaron in an asymmetric quantum dot
Authors: Shan Shu-Ping , Chen Shi-Hua , Zhuang Ren-Zhong , Hu Chun
Published: September 2019

Influence of the magnetic field on the properties of the polaron in an asymmetric quantum dot is studied by using the Pekar variation method. The expression of the magnetopolaron ground-state energy is obtained by theoretical derivation. The relationship between the ground-state energy of the magnetopolaron with the transverse confinement strength, the longitudinal confinement strength and the magnetic field cyclotron resonance frequency are further discussed by us. Due to the crystal structure inversion asymmetry and the time inversion asymmetry, the polaron energy causes Rashba spin–orbit splitting and Zeeman splitting. Under the strong and weak magnetic fields, we discuss the dominant position of Rashba effect and Zeeman effect, respectively. Due to the presence of phonons, the polaron is more stable than the bare electron state, and the energy splitting is more stable.
Epidemic spreading on evolving networks
Authors: Yang Jin-Xuan
Published: September 2019

Network structure will evolve over time, which will lead to changes in the spread of the epidemic. In this work, a network evolution model based on the principle of preferential attachment is proposed. The network will evolve into a scale-free network with a power-law exponent between 2 and 3 by our model, where the exponent is determined by the evolution parameters. We analyze the epidemic spreading process as the network evolves from a small-world one to a scale-free one, including the changes in epidemic threshold over time. The condition of epidemic threshold to increase is given with the evolution processes. The simulated results of real-world networks and synthetic networks show that as the network evolves at a low evolution rate, it is more conducive to preventing epidemic spreading.
A simulation approach for the finite-temperature magnetic properties, stochastic dynamics and heating properties of magnetic nanoparticles composed of FM core/AFM shell
Authors: Yüksel Yusuf
Published: September 2019

Using the Monte Carlo simulation method based on the Metropolis algorithm, we present some results regarding the magnetic and heating properties of three-dimensional nanoparticles composed of a ferromagnetic core surrounded by an antiferromagnetic shell. We investigate the variation of the exchange bias effect and its dependence on the particle shell thickness, as well as on the temperature. In terms of the stochastic dynamics, we applied a time-dependent alternating magnetic field on the system, and calculated the dynamic-order parameters, response functions and the hysteresis loop area from the AC hysteresis curves from which we have also quantified the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the particle over a wide range of field frequencies. A number of interesting results have been found regarding the variation of the heating properties of the system as a function of the antiferromagnetic shell thickness and the period of the alternating field.
Synthesis of Mo-doped ultrathin BiVO4 nanosheets with efficient visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity
Authors: Lu Mengfei , Li Qiaoqiao , Zhang Chengliang , Fan Xiaoxing , Shi Haifeng
Published: September 2019

In this study, a series of molybdenum-doped ultrathin BiVO4 nanosheets (Mo-BVO) were successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method. The results indicated that Mo-BVO nanosheets exhibited high photocatalytic efficiency of methyl blue (MB) degradation under visible-light irradiation. Particularly, 1% Mo-BVO exhibited an optimum photo-degradation rate of more than 97% within 60 min under visible-light illumination, which was approximately 3.8 times greater than that of pure BVO. The experimental characterizations and DFT calculations manifested that the ultrathin BVO nanosheets and Mo doping were beneficial to provide abundant active sites, suppress the photoinduced charge recombination and extend the absorption visible-light range, thus enhancing the photocatalytic performance toward MB degradation. Additionally, the photocatalytic reaction mechanism was proposed based on the reactive species trapping experiments. This study was expected to design a highly active photocatalyst for pollution decomposition by modulating the photocatalytic properties and electronic band structure.
Complex projection synchronization of fractional order uncertain complex-valued networks with time-varying coupling
Authors: Ding Dawei , Yao Xiaolei , Zhang Hongwei
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the complex projection synchronization problem of fractional complex-valued dynamic networks is investigated. Considering the time-varying coupling and unknown parameters of the fractional order complex network, several decentralized adaptive strategies are designed to adjust the coupling strength and controller feedback gain in order to investigate the complex projection synchronization problem of the system. Moreover, based on the designed identification law, the uncertain parameters in the network can be estimated. Using adaptive law which balances the time-varying coupling strength and the feedback gain of the controller, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the complex projection synchronization of complex networks. Finally, numerical simulation examples are provided to illustrate the efficiency of the complex projection synchronization strategies of the fractional order complex dynamic networks.
A novel data hiding method by using a chaotic system without equilibrium points
Authors: Akgul Akif , Moroz Irene M. , Durdu Ali
Published: September 2019

In this paper, we investigate how special is the choice of parameter values in the three-dimensional nonlinear system, proposed by Akgul and Pehlivan (2016), in producing a system, which exhibits chaos but has no real equilibrium states. Also, a data hiding method with a three-dimensional chaotic system without equilibrium point, developed by Akgul and Pehlivan, is realized. Numerous encryption studies have recently been made based on chaos. Encryption processes that are used with chaos bring about some security deficiencies in some cases. Steganography, unlike encryption studies, helps communicate the secret data by hiding it in an innocent-looking cover in order to avoid detection by third parties at first glance. In this work, a novel chaos-based data hiding method that hides an image with a different color into color images is proposed. Via the proposed method, data are hidden in bit spaces with the help of the chaotic random number generator (RNG). The generated random numbers are found with a chaotic system without equilibrium point, which is new in the literature. Shilnikov method cannot be applied to find whether the system is chaotic or not because they cannot have homoclinic or heteroclinic orbits. Thus, it can be useful in several engineering applications, especially in chaos-based cryptology and coding information. In the study, bits are hidden in pixels indicated by numbers generated by RNG. As the order of the hiding process is made randomly on a chaotic level, it has made data hiding algorithm stronger. The proposed method hides the data in cover image in such a way that it cannot be easily detected. Furthermore, the proposed method has been evaluated with steganalysis methods and image distortion measurement method PSNR. The chaos-based steganography method realized here has produced more best results in image distortion measurement method PSNR than other studies in the literature.
Electronic and optical properties of HoNi5 and HoNi4Si: An LSDA + U study
Authors: Maurya Dinesh Kumar , Saini Sapan Mohan
Published: September 2019

We investigated the effect of Si substitution on structural, electronic and optical properties of [Formula: see text]-type [Formula: see text] alloys. The optimized lattice constants and internal cell parameters are in agreement with the available data. We found that the valence band is mainly dominated by Ni-3d states in the energy range 0–4 eV below the [Formula: see text], whereas conduction band is contributed by spin-down Ho-[Formula: see text] states and lies about 2 eV above the [Formula: see text]. Substitution of Si atoms for Ni decreases the total magnetic moment from 6.308 [Formula: see text]/f.u. [Formula: see text] to 4.052 [Formula: see text]/f.u. [Formula: see text], whereas magnetic moments on [Formula: see text]-ions increase from 3.92 [Formula: see text]/atom [Formula: see text] to 4 [Formula: see text]/atom [Formula: see text]. On the other hand, induced moment on Ni[Formula: see text]-ions decrease rapidly to a negligibly small value. By the use of charge density estimates, we found that Ho-5d, Ni-3d and Si-3p orbitals are mainly involved in bonding and there is a weak hybridization between Ni-3d and Si-3p orbitals which varies with substitution of Si for Ni. Furthermore, the complex role played by Ho-[Formula: see text] electrons is also investigated, they are found to be partly involved in metallic bondings as well as in the intra-atomic charge transfer from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] states in [Formula: see text]-ions. The calculated interband optical conductivity spectra reproduce the main features of experimental spectra well and also reveal their metallic nature.
Construction of rational solutions for the (2+1)-dimensional Broer–Kaup system
Authors: Wang Yun-Hu
Published: September 2019

Based on the quartic–linear form of the (2[Formula: see text]+[Formula: see text]1)-dimensional Broer–Kaup system which is derived from its truncated Painlevé expansion, three kinds of rational solutions are obtained through ansatz and symbolic computation with Maple. In general, these kinds of solutions obtained from quartic–linear equation are different from the ones which are generated via bilinear equation. Figures are presented to show the dynamical features of these solutions.
First-principles study of structural, electronic, elastic, thermodynamic and optical properties of LuPdBi half-Heusler compound
Authors: Majumder Rinku , Hossain Md. Moazzem , Shen Dipali
Published: September 2019

In this study, the elastic, mechanical and optical properties of LuPdBi half-Heusler have been reported for the first time using DFT-based first principle calculations with CASTEP code. We have restudied structural and electronic disposition of LuPdBi to compare with previously existing literatures. Elastic and mechanical properties of LuPdBi have been compared with another half-Heusler compound LaPdBi due to the unavailability of resources for LuPdBi. All the comparisons exhibit a good agreement with the results evaluated from our present study. Our reported elastic constants reveal the mechanical stability of LuPdBi under the normal temperature and pressure. In the present investigation, we have noticed relatively higher values of dielectric constant throughout the low-energy region and vice versa. This nature of dielectric constant is very important for microelectronic device applications. Apart from this, LuPdBi possesses good quality of optical absorption throughout the visible region, which is an important parameter for optoelectronic devices.
Enhancing Machine Learning Aptitude Using Significant Cluster Identification for Augmented Image Refining
Authors: Samiappan Dhanalakshmi , Latha S. , Rao T. Rama , Verma Deepak , Sriharsha CSA
Published: September 2019

Enhancing the image to remove noise, preserving the useful features and edges are the most important tasks in image analysis. In this paper, Significant Cluster Identification for Maximum Edge Preservation (SCI-MEP), which works in parallel with clustering algorithms and improved efficiency of the machine learning aptitude, is proposed. Affinity propagation (AP) is a base method to obtain clusters from a learnt dictionary, with an adaptive window selection, which are then refined using SCI-MEP to preserve the semantic components of the image. Since only the significant clusters are worked upon, the computational time drastically reduces. The flexibility of SCI-MEP allows it to be integrated with any clustering algorithm to improve its efficiency. The method is tested and verified to remove Gaussian noise, rain noise and speckle noise from images. Our results have shown that SCI-MEP considerably optimizes the existing algorithms in terms of performance evaluation metrics.
de Sitter entropy as entanglement
Authors: Narayan K.
Published: September 2019

We describe connected timelike codim-2 extremal surfaces stretching between the future and the past boundaries in the static patch coordinatization of de Sitter space. These are analogous to rotated versions of certain surfaces in the AdS black hole. The existence of these surfaces via the [Formula: see text] framework suggests the speculation that [Formula: see text] is dual to two copies of ghost-like CFTs in a thermofield-double-type entangled state. In studies of entanglement in ghost systems and “ghost-spin” chains, we show that similar entangled states in two copies of ghost-spin ensembles always have positive norm and positive entanglement.
Monomial multiplicities in explicit form
Authors: Alesandroni Guillermo
Published: September 2019

Denote by [Formula: see text] a polynomial ring over a field, and let [Formula: see text] be a monomial ideal of [Formula: see text]. If [Formula: see text], we prove that the multiplicity of [Formula: see text] is given by [Formula: see text] On the other hand, if [Formula: see text] is a complete intersection, and [Formula: see text] is an almost complete intersection, we show that [Formula: see text] We also introduce a new class of ideals that extends the family of monomial complete intersections and that of codimension 1 ideals, and give an explicit formula for their multiplicity.
A Möbius-expanded porphyrinoid with 2,3-pyrrollic connection from a planar π-extended BODIPY
Authors: Sekhar Adiki Raja , Sankar Jeyaraman
Published: September 2019

Herein, the first example of a novel BF[Formula: see text]-complex of octaphyrin with Möbius topology has been revealed. A planar BODIPY precursor offered the macrocycle on oxidative dimerization. An unprecedented 2,3-pyrrolic connectivity was observed for the meso-aryl-substituted octaphyrin(1.0.0.0.1.0.0.0). X-ray diffraction, NMR studies and DFT calculations unambiguously support the Möbius topology.
Synthesis of A2B-type 22-oxacorroles bearing two different five-membered heterocycles at meso positions
Authors: Booruga Umasekhar , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: September 2019

A series of 22-oxacorroles containing mixed substituents such as either two five-membered heterocycles and one six-membered aryl group or three five-membered heterocycles at three meso positions were synthesized by 3 + 2 oxidative coupling of appropriate 16-oxatripyrrane and meso-substituted dipyrromethane under mild acid catalyzed conditions. The identities of the 22-oxacorroles were confirmed by the respective molecular ion peaks in HR-MS spectra and the structures were deduced by detailed 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. NMR studies clearly showed upfield or downfield shifts of core pyrrole and furan protons and inner NH protons depending on the type of substituent present at the meso positions. All 22-oxacorroles absorb in the 410–655 nm region, and the position of the absorption bands depends on the type of meso substituents. The A2B oxacorroles showed one broad and weak fluorescence band in the 600–700 nm region with low fluorescence quantum yields in the 0.05–0.12 range. Electrochemical studies revealed that the A2B-type 22-oxacorroles are easier to oxidize and also easier to reduce than triphenyl 22-oxacorroles. Thus, the electronic properties of 22-oxacorroles were significantly altered when six-membered aryl groups were replaced with five-membered heterocycles as reflected in spectral and electrochemical measurements.
A short proof of a min–max relation for the bases packing of a matroid
Authors: Chaourar Brahim
Published: September 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite set, and [Formula: see text] be a matroid defined on [Formula: see text]. Given [Formula: see text], we use the notations ([Formula: see text]-maximum bases packing for the first one): [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] for any [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for any basis [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we give a short proof for the known min–max relation [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we prove that the minimum [Formula: see text] can be restricted to single elements and semi locked subsets only. A subset [Formula: see text] is semi locked in [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text] is closed and 2-connected, and [Formula: see text]. We deduce then a polynomial algorithm to compute [Formula: see text] in a large class of matroids by using a matroid oracle related to semi locked subsets.
Electrode Mesoscale as a Collection of Particles: Coupled Electrochemical and Mechanical Analysis of NMC
Authors: Ferraro Mark E. , Trembacki Bradley L. , Brunini Victor E. , Noble David R. , Roberts Scott Alan
Published: September 2019

Battery electrodes are composed of polydisperse particles and a porous, composite binder domain. These materials are arranged into a complex mesostructure whose morphology impacts both electrochemical performance and mechanical response. We present image-based, particle-resolved, mesoscale finite element model simulations of coupled electrochemical-mechanical performance on a representative NMC electrode domain. Beyond predicting macroscale quantities such as half-cell voltage and evolving electrical conductivity, studying behaviors on a per-particle and per-surface basis enables performance and material design insights previously unachievable. Voltage losses are primarily attributable to a complex interplay between interfacial charge transfer kinetics, lithium diffusion, and, locally, electrical conductivity. Mesoscale heterogeneities arise from particle polydispersity and lead to material underutilization at high current densities. Particle-particle contacts, however, reduce heterogeneities by enabling lithium diffusion between connected particle groups. While the porous composite binder domain (CBD) may have slower ionic transport and less available area for electrochemical reactions, its high electrical conductivity makes it the preferred reaction site late in electrode discharge. Mesoscale results are favorably compared to both experimental data and macrohomogeneous models. This work enables improvements in materials design by providing a tool for optimization of particle sizes, CBD morphology, and manufacturing conditions.
A call to adopt a “fit for purpose” approach to antibody validation for flow cytometry analyses of stem cell models and beyond
Authors: Waas Matthew , Gundry Rebekah L.
Published: September 2019

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) can be exploited as models for a wide range of research applications and numerous protocols for generating hPSC-CMs have been described. However, it is currently not possible to direct differentiation to a single, homogeneous end point, and the resulting heterogeneity may be variable among laboratories, cell lines, and protocols. Consequently, the ability to assess phenotypic heterogeneity of the cell population is critical to the interpretation, repeatability, and reproduction of hPSC-CM studies. While flow cytometry is well suited for this purpose, a review of published literature reveals there is currently no consensus regarding which marker, antibody, or protocol is best suited to enable comparisons of hPSC-CM culture heterogeneity. Moreover, the lack of available experimental detail, combined with the variability in the approaches used for hPSC-CM evaluation, makes it challenging to reproduce, interpret, and compare published data. Consequently, this article calls for an alignment of the way researchers approach the routine use and documentation of the antibodies and controls used during flow cytometry-based assessment of hPSC-CM cultures. We advocate for the adoption of a “fit for purpose” validation mindset, whereby antibodies and experimental conditions are demonstrated as specific within a defined experimental design and biological context. Overall, we expect that by adhering to rigorous standards for antibody validation and use, reporting of experimental details, and presentation of data, the concepts emphasized here will promote enhanced utility and dialogue regarding hPSC-CM for a variety of research and translational applications by enabling more accurate comparisons of results among studies.

Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at https://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/fit-for-purpose-approach-to-antibody-validation/ .
Two Different Extranodal Lymphomas in an HIV+ Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Bertuzzi Clara , Sabattini Elena , Bacci Francesco , Agostinelli Claudio , Ferri Gian Gaetano
Published: September 2019

Human immune deficiency virus- (HIV-) infected individuals present a higher risk of developing malignancies. Herein, we are presenting an unusual case of an untreated HIV+ patient, who developed two distinct lymphoproliferative disorders in a period of 4 years: a primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (PCTCL) and a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) not otherwise specified (NOS), the latter developed while commencing combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). The two lymphomas also showed peculiar features: PCTCL are rarely described in HIV+ setting and particularly at such a low clinical stage, and the DLBCL showed uncommon cytology, non-GCB phenotype, EBER negativity, and absence of c-MYC translocation, all atypical features in this clinical context. This report not only confirms the increased risk of lymphoma for HIV+ patients and HIV infection being one of the major risk factors for lymphoid disorders but draws the attention on the possible occurrence of unusual features, suggesting that HIV serology should always be investigated in the clinical suspicion of lymphoma.
Performance Comparison of Asymmetric Cryptography (Case study- Mail message)
Authors: Sann Zarni , Soe Thi thi , Knin Kaythi Wyut Mhone , Win Zin May
Published: September 2019

Encryption is a well known technology for protecting sensitive data. ElGamal encryption and RSA algorithm is made before storing mails to mail server. ElGamal decryption and RSA decryption is made after retrieving mails from mail server. This system is implemented to secure mail server system for local government’s important mail messages. These algorithms consume a considerable amount of time and resources such as memory, CPU time, and computation time to encrypt and decrypt data. In this paper, the results are comparison of these algorithms in term of encryption time, decryption time, and memory usage over variable file sizes. After processing, it is proven that RSA performs a faster encryption process than ElGamal. However, ElGamal decryption process is faster than RSA. This system is also expressed comparison of storage Size between RSA and ElGamal. Both of these algorithms are cryptographic public-key algorithms but have functions in different ways. This system is using C# programming language and SQL Server to store mail messages.
Siponimod (BAF-312) Attenuates Perihemorrhagic Edema And Improves Survival in Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Bobinger Tobias , Manaenko Anatol , Burkardt Petra , Beuscher Vanessa , Sprügel Maximilian I. , Roeder Sebastian S. , Bäuerle Tobias , Seyler Lisa , Nagel Armin M. , Linker Ralf A. , Engelhorn Tobias , Dörfler Arnd , Horsten S.v. , Schwab Stefan , Huttner Hagen B.
Published: September 2019

Background and Purpose—

Perihemorrhagic edema (PHE) is associated with poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Infiltration of immune cells is considered a major contributor of PHE. Recent studies suggest that immunomodulation via S1PR (sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor) modulators improve outcome in ICH. Siponimod, a selective modulator of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors type 1 and type 5, demonstrated an excellent safety profile in a large study of patients with multiple sclerosis. Here, we investigated the impact of siponimod treatment on perihemorrhagic edema, neurological deficits, and survival in a mouse model of ICH.

Methods—

ICH was induced by intracranial injection of 0.075 U of bacterial collagenase in 123 mice. Mice were randomly assigned to different treatment groups: vehicle, siponimod given as a single dosage 30 minutes after the operation or given 3× for 3 consecutive days starting 30 minutes after operation. The primary outcome of our study was evolution of PHE measured by magnetic resonance-imaging on T2-maps 72 hours after ICH, secondary outcomes included evolution of PHE 24 hours after ICH, survival and neurological deficits, as well as effects on circulating blood cells and body weight.

Results—

Siponimod significantly reduced PHE measured by magnetic resonance imaging (
P
=0.021) as well as wet-dry method (
P
=0.04) 72 hours after ICH. Evaluation of PHE 24 hours after ICH showed a tendency toward attenuated brain edema in the low-dosage group (
P
=0.08). Multiple treatments with siponimod significantly improved neurological deficits measured by Garcia Score (
P
=0.03). Survival at day 10 was improved in mice treated with multiple dosages of siponimod (
P
=0.037). Mice treated with siponimod showed a reduced weight loss after ICH (
P
=0.036).

Conclusions—

Siponimod (BAF-312) attenuated PHE after ICH, increased survival, and reduced ICH-induced sensorimotor deficits in our experimental ICH-model. Findings encourage further investigation of inflammatory modulators as well as the translation of BAF-312 to a human study of ICH patients.
Predictability Changes What We Remember in Familiar Temporal Contexts
Authors: Kim Hyojeong , Schlichting Margaret L. , Preston Alison R. , Lewis-Peacock Jarrod A.
Published: September 2019

The human brain constantly anticipates the future based on memories of the past. Encountering a familiar situation reactivates memory of previous encounters, which can trigger a prediction of what comes next to facilitate responsiveness. However, a prediction error can lead to pruning of the offending memory, a process that weakens its representation in the brain and leads to forgetting. Our goal in this study was to evaluate whether memories are spared from such pruning in situations that allow for accurate predictions at the categorical level, despite prediction errors at the item level. Participants viewed a sequence of objects, some of which reappeared multiple times (“cues”), followed always by novel items. Half of the cues were followed by new items from different (unpredictable) categories, while others were followed by new items from a single (predictable) category. Pattern classification of fMRI data was used to identify category-specific predictions after each cue. Pruning was observed only in unpredictable contexts, while encoding of new items was less robust in predictable contexts. These findings demonstrate that how associative memories are updated is influenced by the reliability of abstract-level predictions in familiar contexts.
Electrophysiological Correlates of Racial In-group Bias in Observing Nonverbal Social Encounters
Authors: Katsumi Yuta , Dolcos Florin , Moore Matthew , Bartholow Bruce D. , Fabiani Monica , Dolcos Sanda
Published: September 2019

Despite evidence identifying the role of group membership in social cognition, the neural mechanisms associated with the perception and evaluation of nonverbal behaviors displayed by in-group versus out-group members remain unclear. Here, 42 white participants underwent electroencephalographic recording while observing social encounters involving dynamic displays of nonverbal behaviors by racial in-group and out-group avatar characters. Dynamic behaviors included approach and avoidance poses and expressions, followed by the participants' ratings of the avatars displaying them. Behaviorally, participants showed longer RTs when evaluating in-group approach behavior compared with other behaviors, possibly suggesting increased interest and attention devoted to processing positive social encounters with their in-group members. Analyses of ERPs revealed differential sensitivity of the N450 and late positivity components to social cues, with the former showing initial sensitivity to the presence of a humanoid avatar character at the beginning of social encounters and the latter showing sensitivity to dynamic nonverbal behaviors displayed by the avatars. Moreover, time–frequency analysis of electroencephalography data also identified suppression of beta-range power linked to the observation of dynamic nonverbal behaviors. Notably, the magnitude of these responses was modulated by the degree of behavioral racial in-group bias. This suggests that differential neural sensitivity to nonverbal cues while observing social encounters is associated with subsequent in-group bias manifested in the evaluation of such encounters. Collectively, these findings shed light on the mechanisms of racial in-group bias in social cognition and have implications for understanding factors related to successful interactions with individuals from diverse racial backgrounds.
Application of the Compressible, Nonhydrostatic, Balanced Omega Equation in Estimating Diabatic Forcing for Parameterization of Inertia–Gravity Waves: Case Study of Moist Baroclinic Waves Using WRF
Authors: Haghighatnasab Mahnoosh , Mirzaei Mohammad , Mohebalhojeh Ali R. , Zülicke Christoph , Plougonven Riwal
Published: September 2019

The parameterization of inertia–gravity waves (IGWs) is of considerable importance in general circulation models. Among the challenging issues faced in studies concerned with parameterization of IGWs is the estimation of diabatic forcing in a way independent of the physics parameterization schemes, in particular, convection. The requirement is to estimate the diabatic heating associated with balanced motion. This can be done by comparing estimates of balanced vertical motion with and without diabatic effects. The omega equation provides the natural method of estimating balanced vertical motion without diabatic effects, and several methods for including diabatic effects are compared. To this end, the assumption of spatial-scale separation between IGWs and balanced flows is combined with a suitable form of the balanced omega equation. To test the methods constructed for estimating diabatic heating, an idealized numerical simulation of the moist baroclinic waves is performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model in a channel on thefplane. In overall agreement with the diabatic heating of the WRF Model, in the omega-equation-based estimates, the maxima of heating appear in the warm sector of the baroclinic wave and in the exit region of the upper-level jet. The omega-equation-based method with spatial smoothing for estimating balanced vertical motion is thus presented as the proper way to evaluate diabatic forcing for parameterization of IGWs.
Lagrangian Measurement of Steep Directionally Spread Ocean Waves: Second-Order Motion of a Wave-Following Measurement Buoy
Authors: McAllister M. L. , van den Bremer T. S.
Published: September 2019

The notion that wave-following buoys provide less accurate measurements of extreme waves than their Eulerian counterparts is a perception commonly held by oceanographers and engineers (Forristall 2000,J. Phys. Oceanogr.,30, 1931–1943,https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(2000)030<1931:WCDOAS>2.0.CO;2). By performing a direct comparison between the two types of measurement under laboratory conditions, we examine one of the hypotheses underlying this perception and establish whether wave measurement buoys in extreme ocean waves correctly follow steep crests and behave in a purely Lagrangian manner. We present a direct comparison between Eulerian gauge and Lagrangian buoy measurements of steep directionally spread and crossing wave groups on deep water. Our experimental measurements are compared with exact (Herbers and Janssen 2016,J. Phys. Oceanogr.,46, 1009–1021,https://doi.org/10.1175/JPO-D-15-0129.1) and new approximate expressions for Lagrangian second-order theory derived herein. We derive simple closed-form expressions for the second-order contribution to crest height representative of extreme ocean waves—namely, for a single narrowly spread wave group, two narrowly spread crossing wave groups, and a single strongly spread wave group. In the limit of large spreading or head-on crossing, Eulerian and Lagrangian measurements become equivalent. For the range of conditions that we test, we find that our buoy behaves in a Lagrangian manner, and our experimental observations compare extremely well to predictions made using second-order theory. In general, Eulerian and Lagrangian measurements of crest height are not significantly different for all degrees of directional spreading and crossing. However, second-order bound-wave energy is redistributed from superharmonics in Eulerian measurements to subharmonics in Lagrangian measurement, which affects the “apparent” steepness inferred from time histories and poses a potential issue for wave buoys that measure acceleration.
Current Opioid Prescribing Patterns after Microdirect Laryngoscopy
Authors: Huston Molly N. , Kamizi Rouya , Meyer Tanya K. , Merati Albert L. , Giliberto John Paul
Published: September 2019

Background:

The prevalence of opioid abuse has become epidemic in the United States. Microdirect laryngoscopy (MDL) is a common otolaryngological procedure, yet prescribing practices for opioids following this operation are not well characterized.

Objective:

To characterize current opioid-prescribing patterns among otolaryngologists performing MDL.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey of otolaryngologists at a national laryngology meeting.

Results:

Fifty-eight of 205 physician registrants (response rate 28%) completed the survey. Fifty-nine percent of respondents were fellowship-trained in laryngology. Respondents performed an average of 13.3 MDLs per month. Thirty-four percent of surgeons prescribe opioids for over two-thirds of their MDLs, while only 7% of surgeons never prescribe opioids. Eighty-eight percent of surgeons prescribed a combination opioid and acetaminophen compound, hydrocodone being the most common opioid component. Many surgeons prescribe non-opioid analgesics as well, with 70% and 84% of surgeons recommending acetaminophen and ibuprofen after MDL respectively. When opioids were prescribed, patient preference, difficult exposure and history of opioid use were the most influential patient factors. Concerns of opioid abuse, the physician role in the opioid crisis, and literature about postoperative non-opioid analgesia were also underlying themes in influencing opioid prescription patterns after MDL.

Conclusions:

In this study, over 90% of practicing physicians surveyed are prescribing opioids after MDL, though many are also prescribing non-opioid analgesia as well. Further studies should be completed to investigate the needs of patients following MDL in order to allow physicians to selectively and appropriately prescribe opioid analgesia postoperatively.
What Evicting Grizzly Bear Spirit Does (and Doesn’t) Tell Us about Indigenous “Religion” and Indigenous Rights
Authors: Carroll Michael P.
Published: September 2019

The Canadian Supreme Court’s (2017) decision in Ktunaxa First Nation v. British Columbia is instructive because it demonstrates the continuing incompatibility of what religion “means” in the Indigenous and non-Indigenous communities, respectively. There are, however, additional lessons to be learned by looking carefully at an aspect of this case that troubled many non-Indigenous commentators, namely, that much of the Ktunaxa claim seemed to rest upon an “epiphany” experienced by a single Ktunaxa elder. What can be detected in the documentary record about that epiphany is evidence of a gradual process by which better understandings of the world are brought into being under the influence of a “web of interconnections” understanding of the world. Recognizing that this process is operative in Indigenous communities has implications not just for the study of Indigenous religion, but also for the way Courts (using their own criteria) might “think about” Indigenous rights.