bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИМУЩЕСТВЕННАЯ СОСТАВЛЯЮЩАЯ ЛИЧНЫХ НЕИМУЩЕСТВЕННЫХ АВТОРСКИХ ПРАВ: ВОПРОСЫ ТЕОРИИ И ПРАКТИКИ
Authors: МИХАЙЛОВА Ирина Александровна
Published: June 2022

Вопросы, связанные с определением правовой сущности личных неимущественных авторских прав, остаются в центре внимания многих ученых, но, несмотря на это, отдельные аспекты названного института не получили в современной доктрине однозначной трактовки. К числу таких дискуссионных аспектов относится вопрос о наличии имущественной составляющей в содержании названных правомочий, который приобрел особую актуальность на фоне тотальной коммерциализации гражданского оборота. Цель автора — выявление и анализ тех особенностей личных неимущественных авторских прав, которые не в полной мере соответствуют их легальной регламентации и традиционному пониманию. Показано, в частности, что авторские права на обнародование произведения, его неприкосновенность и его отзыв имеют дуалистический характер, поскольку реализация рассматриваемых правомочий, отражающая духовно-творческий мир автора, как правило, затрагивает и его имущественную сферу, придавая экономическое содержание возникающим правоотношениям. Именно наличие имущественного элемента в содержании рассматриваемых прав обусловливает возможность их перехода к наследникам умершего автора; это означает, что они далеко не всегда неразрывно связаны с личностью автора. Особое внимание уделяется анализу ситуаций, в которых автор создает произведение по заказу лица, заинтересованного в его продвижении в качестве результата собственной интеллектуальной деятельности. В подобных случаях имеет место возмездная передача не только исключительного права, но и абсолютно непередаваемых и неотчуждаемых личных неимущественных авторских прав — права авторства и права на имя, в связи с чем возникает немало теоретических и практических проблем, нуждающихся в анализе и разрешении. Основной вывод заключается в следующем: правовая сущность личных неимущественных авторских прав столь же сложна и многогранна, как бесконечно сложна творческая деятельность, поэтому право не всегда может облечь их в стандартную правовую форму, свойственную иным личным неимущественным правам. Именно этим объясняется многообразие представленных взглядов и суждений, создающих теоретическую основу для дальнейшего совершенствования соответствующего раздела российского законодательства.
КОММУНИКАЦИОННО-ПРАВОВОЙ ДИЗАЙН СФЕРЫ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ СОБСТВЕННОСТИ В МЕДИАЭПОХУ
Authors: ДОРОШЕНКО Мария Валериевна
Published: June 2022

Правовая культура сегодня не в полной мере отражает интересы создателей контента. Появление новых форм подачи информации и каналов коммуникации предопределяет необходимость развития юридических технологий, учитывающих изменившиеся запросы пользователей. Анализ способов информирования государством общества показал важность применения принципов юридического дизайна для эффективного донесения ключевых сообщений. В работе акцентировано внимание на коммуникационно-правовом дизайне сферы интеллектуальной собственности (ИС) как направлении для повышения доступности и открытости системы. Сфера ИС призвана стимулировать инновации и креативные инициативы, предоставляя нужные инструменты и механизмы для регистрации прав и монетизации творческого труда. Дальнейшее развитие и применение юридических инноваций позволит уменьшить разрыв между системой ИС и потребностями аудитории и вовлечь в коммуникацию неохваченных правообладателей. Цель статьи — показать необходимость фокусировать внимание на интересах пользователей и создание социальной ценности в сфере интеллектуальной собственности.
ПРАВА ГЕЙМЕРОВ НА ВИРТУАЛЬНУЮ СОБСТВЕННОСТЬ
Authors: ЗВЕРЕВ Максим Олегович
Published: June 2022

Период конца XX — начала XXI в. стал новой вехой развития цивилизации, получившей название цифровая эпоха. Уже сегодня можно выделить ее основные характеристики: повсеместное распространение компьютеров, смартфонов, иных устройств; развитие интернета; возникновение новых секторов экономики, в том числе индустрии видеоигр. Изначально, на моменте формирования данной индустрии, проблем, касающихся виртуальной собственности игроков на цифровые объекты, не возникало. В большей мере это связано с низким качеством игр, отсутствием возможности использовать информационно-телекоммуникационные свойства интернета ввиду его фактического отсутствия и функциональных ограничений игр. Однако по мере увеличения количества игр, повышения их качества, появления конкуренции за каждого активного пользователя проблема прав пользователей на цифровые объекты во внутриигровых вселенных стала явью. Проблема виртуальной собственности становится острее ввиду отсутствия законодательного регулирования данного института, чем успешно пользуются недобросовестные производители игр, устанавливая непомерно обременительные условия лицензионных соглашений. Судебная практика по данному вопросу также показывает отсутствие понимания у судей сущности правоотношений, складывающихся между геймером и производителем игры. В настоящей статье автор рассматривает, что представляют собой массовая многопользовательская ролевая онлайн-игра (MMORPG), касается проблемы правомерности положений лицензионных соглашений и отвечает на главные вопросы: есть ли в MMORPG виртуальная собственность игроков и если есть, то каким образом она охраняется или каким образом она должна охраняться?
АВТОНОМНОСТЬ КАК КРИТЕРИЙ ПРАВОСУБЪЕКТНОСТИ ИСКУССТВЕННОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА И ЕГО ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В СФЕРЕ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫХ ПРАВ
Authors: ФЕДОРУК Елена Олеговна
Published: June 2022

В статье рассматривается понятие автономности применительно к искусственному интеллекту (ИИ) в контексте нормативного регулирования и позиций исследователей, ссылающихся на автономность как неотъемлемую характеристику ИИ. Автономность, способность становиться автономным, возможность действовать автономно и так далее в различных вариациях — критерии, которыми авторы традиционно наделяют ИИ. Лишь некоторые исследователи не используют терминологические конструкции, связанные автономностью/автономией применительно к определениям ИИ. При этом ряд исследователей, руководствуясь критерием автономности, делают выводы о необходимости наделения ИИ особым статусом, который, возможно, обусловит и юридическую ответственность ИИ. Вследствие развития указанных мнений наука не только не сформировала единое понимание автономности, но и с течением времени стала рассматривать ее как нечто само собой разумеющееся при описании ИИ. Автор статьи приводит собственную точку зрения по вопросу автономности и неспособности ИИ обладать правосубъектностью и выступать в качестве автора. Предлагается придерживаться более широкого понимания автономности, чтобы исключить очевидные терминологические ошибки, приводящие к наделению ИИ юридическими характеристиками, которые не могут быть ему присущи в силу отсутствия у него автономности как способности существовать без каких-либо источников энергии, созданных/дополненных человеком. Также понятие автономности рассмотрено применительно к критериям, которыми руководствовались в 2021 г. патентное ведомство ЮАР и суды Китая и Австралии при вынесении решений о наделении ИИ правами автора/изобретателя. Наиболее подробно мотивировку обосновал Федеральный суд Австралии, выступивший за более широкий взгляд на понятие «изобретатель» (решение отменено в 2022 г. судом апелляционной инстанции). К этому логично было бы добавить более широкий взгляд и на понятие «автономность», при применении которого вряд ли можно было столь смело утверждать, что именно ИИ без «дополнительного участия человека» способен стать автором или вообще существовать.
Determinants of willingness to help: Evidence from a survey experiment
Authors: Hajdu Gábor , Koltai Júlia , Kristóf Luca , Simonovits Bori
Published: June 2022

We analysed determinants of willingness to help using a factorial survey approach (n=405 individuals, n=5937 vignettes). We tested the effect of situational characteristics and how characteristics of the bystander and the person in need influence willingness to help in hypothetical situations within the framework of a cost-reward model. We found that the situation itself has the strongest effect: willingness to help was strongest when the net gain of helping was positive, whereas it was weaker in situations when the cost of helping and cost of not receiving help were equal. These results provide support for the cost-reward model of helping and illustrate that the factorial survey approach could supplement or in some cases replace more widely used experimental methods (laboratory or field experiments).
Constitutional or ethnocultural? National identity as a European legal concept
Authors: Kovács Kriszta
Published: June 2022

Identity has long been a contested concept in the social sciences. In contrast, legal scholars have come late to the analytical discussion about the concept. It was only in the late 2000s that the concepts of national and constitutional identity became part of the European legal discourse. Today, national identity is a legal concept in EU law. Article 4(2) of the Treaty on European Union obliges the EU to respect the national identities of Member States. A literal understanding of this provision suggests that any domestic interpretation would be consistent with EU law. This paper challenges this view. It differentiates between national and constitutional identity. The former refers to identity that can be connected either to a community’s ethnocultural characteristics or to its political institutions and foundational constitutional values. The latter is often called constitutional identity. Yet, this article defines the term constitutional identity differently by concentrating on identity attached to a democratic constitution. Thereby, it offers a novel, constitutionalist approach. The article argues that the concept of national identity in EU law is a constitutionalist one and demonstrates, using the example of Hungary, how an ethnocultural national identity runs counter to this constitutionalist concept and how a new constitutional identity may be developed. The implication of having a constitutional identity that respects universal constitutional principles is that such a constitutional identity would be more compatible with values at the European level.
Height management strategies of sudangrass €˜BRS estribo€™
Authors: Ferreira K. G. G. , Almeida B. Q. , Barros L. V. , Ferreira J. L. , Braz T. G. S. , Mourthé M. H. F.
Published: June 2022

The productive, morphological and chemical composition of Sudangrass €˜BRS Estribo€™ submitted to different heights of management was evaluated. The design was in randomized blocks with four replicates in a 3x2 factorial scheme, with three pre-defoliation heights (40, 55 and 70 cm) and two post-defoliation heights (20 and 10 cm). There was no significance between post-defoliation heights for accumulated forage production (AFP), percentages of leaf blades (%F) and of stem and sheath (%S). The AFP at 70 cm pre-defoliation height(10,071.1 kg ha-1) was higher than at 40 cm height (7,471.3 kg ha-1) and did not differ from defoliation at 55 cm (8,562.3 kg ha-1). Predefoliation at 40 cm showed a higher %F (67.67%) than at the heights of 55 cm (61.74%) and 70 cm (55.15%), which differed from each other. The %S was higher for pre-defoliation at 70 cm (35.57%) than at the heights of 55 (32.08%) and 40 cm (27.75%), which also differed from each other. The different handling heights did not change the contents of dry matter, insoluble fiber in neutral detergent,insoluble fiber in acid detergent and ash, which presented averages of 15.87; 60.34; 28.53; and 10.48%, respectively. However, there was a significant interaction between pre-and post-defoliation heights forcrude protein (CP) contents, which the management heights at 40 x 20 cm and 70 x 10 cm presented, respectively, the highest (18.78%) and lowest (12.22%) CP contents of the study. Pre-defoliation heights of55 cm with 10 or 20 cm of residual height should be used to improve the botanical composition and crude protein content of Sudangrass BRS Estribo forage.
Análise das notificações de violência autoprovocada no território brasileiro entre 2009 e 2018
Authors: Morais Louyse Jerônimo de , Fonseca Gabriela De Alcântara , Menezes João Lucas Pordeus de , Macedo Patrícia Oliveira Lima de , Delgado Vitor Medeiros , Costa Danilo Fernandes
Published: June 2022

Introdução: Os índices de suicídio estão distribuídos de forma desigual pelo mundo. A intencionalidade do ato é o que distingue uma lesão acidental de uma tentativa de suicídio. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil epidemiológico das pessoas atendidas e notificadas no setor da saúde como violência autoprovocada entre 2009 a 2018. Métodos: Estudo transversal, a partir de dados secundários do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). A análise descritiva dos casos notificados foi realizada com base nas características sociodemográficas dos indivíduos, assim como, na característica da violência e análise temporal por região brasileira. A comparação de diferenças e distribuição entre proporções foi realizada com o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Embora os dados brutos apontem para mais casos na região Sudeste, a taxa de casos a cada 100 mil habitantes foi maior na região Sul. A distribuição das variáveis sociodemográficas e a natureza da violência foram diferentes entre os sexos. De todas as notificações, 67% delas envolveram pessoas do sexo feminino. A maior parte acometeu indivíduos entre 20 e 59 anos e de raça branca. Casos de violência de repetição foram 72,4%, em mulheres. O método de violência mais utilizado foi o envenenamento. Conclusão: O perfil epidemiológico foi constituído por mulheres brancas, de 20 a 59 anos, que costumam utilizar envenenamento como principal método de autoagressão. A falta de algumas informações na coleta de dados indica a necessidade de treinamento dos profissionais de saúde para um melhor preenchimento das fichas de notificação.
Environmental Challenges to South Asian Countries
Authors: Awan Abdul Ghafoor
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Growing environmental pollution and its impact on human beings and other living organisms are the major issue confronting the world economy. There is worldwide movement to control expanding pollution and lessening its negative effects. The economists have made extensive studies to measure the impact of environmental pollution on economic development.

Objective: The objective of this study to investigate into the causes of environmental pollution and its impact on economic development in South Asia and  policy initiatives  taken by different stakeholders  to  reduce its negative effects.

Research Problem: The research problem of this study is to investigate “Environmental Challenges to South Asian Countries and their impact on their economies and societies”. The author has analyzed socio-economic impact of environmental degradation in South Asian countries.

Methodology: The methodology of the study is descriptive in nature because it mostly involves the description of environmental issues and suggesting the ways how they can be solved? However, different statistical techniques such as time series and panel data analysis have been used to measure socio-economic impact of environmental degradation.

Data and Source: The author has used secondary data in this study because it was not possible to collect primary data due to geographical constraints. Most of the data was taken from World Bank, IMF,Asian Development Bank, Indian Ministry of Environment and Forests, United Nations Environment Program, Economic Survey of Pakistan, relevant research journals and books.

Findings: The findings of the study are robust because the author has found that both developed and developing countries are responsible for environmental degradation. The advanced countries are using excessive recourses to produce surplus goods while the developing countries are exploiting their natural resources under compulsion to feed their growing population. Policy failure has been noted at both ends due to their divergent economic interests. The author suggest that its  viable solution  is to give market price to environmental resources and impose tax on the industries responsible for producing pollution in order to discourage them to produce environmental hazards and force them to opt environmental clean technologies, besides creating general awareness in the masses.
Physicians’ adherence to the guidelines on the chronic heart failure diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Perpech N. B. , Tregubov A. V. , Mikhailova I. E.
Published: June 2022

Aim      To evaluate the physician’s knowledge of basic provisions of clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF) and to determine how the actions of physicians in their everyday clinical practice comply with these provisions.

Materials and methods The study analyzed anonymous questionnaires of 185 physicians (127 cardiologists, 40 internists and general practitioners, 18 other specialists) who were trained in advanced training programs during the 2020/2021 academic year. The main part of the questionnaire included 15 questions related to the classification, diagnosis, pharmacotherapy, and the use of implantable devices in the treatment of patients with CHF.

Results The results showed that internists were less than cardiologists aware of major provisions of clinical guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of CHF. However, the knowledge of cardiologists could not be considered sufficient either. 57.5% of internists and 30% of cardiologists incorrectly indicated the main echocardiographic criterion for diagnosis of CHF with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (CHFrEF). More than 40% of internists did not consider fluid retention with development of the congestion syndrome as a mandatory condition for administration of a loop diuretic to a patient with CHFrEF. 34.6% of cardiologists and 25% of internists correctly determined the indication for the administration of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. 37.6% of internists and 21.1% of cardiologists incorrectly indicated the dose of spironolactone recommended for achieving the neuromodulation effect.   In determining doses of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta-blockers, after arriving at which it is necessary to stop their up-titration, most of the physicians preferred to be based on systolic blood pressure (SBP) rather than on symptoms of hypotension. However, among therapists there were doctors for whom the patient's well-being and clinical symptoms, and not the level of SBP, were priority factors for choosing the tactics of the treatment with ACE inhibitors and beta-blockers. Physicians of both specialties were poorly familiar with indications for cardioverter defibrillator implantation; only 14.2% of cardiologists and 5% of internists chose the correct wording of indications.

Conclusion      The insufficient knowledge should be considered the basis for the low adherence of doctors to guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of CHF. When developing programs for advanced training of physicians in CHF, special attention should be paid to the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and beta-blockers with detailed discussion of the dosing principles as well as of indications for implantation and results of using cardioverter defibrillators.
Clinical case of the cardiovascular system involvement in a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease
Authors: Sokolov D. V. , Zhelyakov E. G. , Koval'chuk V. V. , Kondratova N. V. , Snezhitskij V. A. , Kalatsei L. V. , Belenkov Yu. N. , Ardashev A. V.
Published: June 2022

Hereditary motor and sensory type 1A neuropathy (known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease) is a disease of peripheral nerves characterized by symptoms of progressive polyneuropathy with preferential damage of distal extremity muscles. Damage to the cardiovascular system is extremely rare and heterogenous in this pathology. This disease is not included in the list of indications for interventional antiarrhythmic aid. We could not find in available literature a clinical description of the development of sinus node dysfunction associated with this pathology. The present clinical report presents a case of detection and successful treatment of a damage to the cardiovascular system that manifested itself as sinus node dysfunction/sick sinus syndrome in the tachy-brady variant. A combination treatment approach using radiofrequency catheter ablation, implantation of a permanent pacemaker, and antiarrhythmic therapy associated with drug and non-drug treatment of motor sensory neuropathy resulted in recovery and long-term maintenance of sinus rhythm as well as in beneficial changes in the patient’s neurological status.
Prevalence and characteristics of coronary artery fistula in adults: coronary angiographic analysis of 18,106 patients
Authors: Tekeli Sengul Sebahat , Karasu Betul Banu
Published: June 2022

Aim    Coronary artery fistula (CAF) is a rarely encountered anomaly that is characterized by an abnormal connection between a coronary artery and a cardiac chamber or a great thoracic vessel. Its incidence has not been precisely established due to the large number of undiagnosed cases and it shows heterogeneity in its anatomic configuration and clinical consequences. We aimed to assess the frequency, imaging findings, and clinical features of CAF among patients in our tertiary medical center.Material and methods    The angiographic data of 18,106 consecutive adult patients who underwent coronary angiography between January 2011 and June 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results    CAF was detected in 22 patients (0.14 %). Of these, 5 patients had bilateral fistulas (23 %). 65 % of the fistulas originated from the left anterior descending coronary artery,and 53 % drained into the pulmonary artery. The left ventricle and left atrium were the only drainage sites for left-sided coronary artery fistulas. One patient with a CAF presented with non-ST elevated myocardial infarction in the absence of an evident thrombosis.Conclusion    Unlike previous reports, bilateral CAFs were more commonly encountered in this study. Contrary to most of the data in the literature, more than half of the CAFs originated from the left anterior descending coronary artery and most drained into the pulmonary artery. Rare anatomic types of CAFs were also detected.
Features of the course of non-ST elevation myocardial infarction in patients with a history of COVID-19
Authors: Chashchin M. G. , Gorshkov A. Yu. , Drapkina O. M. , Kositsyna I. V. , Golubev A. V. , Chaus N. I. , Perekhodov S. N.
Published: June 2022

Aim      To study the clinical course of non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) in hospitalized patients after COVID-19 and to evaluate the effect of baseline characteristics of patients on the risk of complications.

Material and methods  The study included 209 patients with NSTEMI; 104 of them had had COVID-19. The course of myocardial infarction (MI) was analyzed at the hospital stage, including evaluation of the incidence rate of complications (fatal outcome, recurrent MI, life-threatening arrhythmias and conduction disorders, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, ischemic stroke, gastrointestinal bleeding).

Results Mean age of patients after COVID-19 was 61.8±12.2 years vs. 69.0±13.0 in the comparison group (p<0.0001). The groups were comparable by risk factors, clinical data, and severity of coronary damage. Among those who have had СOVID-19, there were fewer patients of the GRACE high risk group (55.8 % vs. 74.3 %; p<0.05). Convalescent COVID-19 patients had higher levels of C-reactive protein and troponin I (p<0.05). The groups did not significantly differ in the incidence of unfavorable NSTEMI course (p>0.05). However, effects of individual factors (postinfarction cardiosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, decreased SpO2, red blood cell concentration, increased plasma glucose) on the risk of complications were significantly greater for patients after COVID-19 than for the control group (p<0.05).

Conclusion      Patients with NSTEMI, despite differences in clinical history and laboratory data, are characterized by a similar risk of death at the hospital stage, regardless of the past COVID-19. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences in the incidence of in-hospital complications, in general, post-COVID-19 patients showed a higher risk of complicated course of NSTEMI compared to patients who had not have COVID-19. In addition, for this category of patients, new factors were identified that previously did not exert a clinically significant effect on the incidence of complications: female gender, concentration of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 ≥200.0 U/l, concentration of С-reactive protein ≥40.0 mg/l, total protein <65 g/l. These results can be used for additional stratification of risk for cardiovascular complications in patients with MI and also for development of individual protocols for evaluation and management of NSTEMI patients with a history of COVID-19.
Japanese Encephalitis (JE); The Fatal Public Health Issue In Uttar Pradesh, India : A Review
Authors: Srivastava Purnima , Srivastava Manindra Kumar
Published: June 2022

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) an important disease of viral origin has attracted the attention of public health specialists in South East Asian Regions especially in the BBIN (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India andNepal) countries due to its endemicity, high CFR and residual problems among survivors. JE has beenoccurring in the endemic form since long back particularly in northern states of India. Eastern parts ofU.P. particularly Gorakhpur division is the worst hit division of Uttar Pradesh (UP) in India. U.P. alone isreporting nearly half of the cases found in whole India. Innocent children are the most common victims.This paper attempts to review the problem and emphasizes the need of identifying auxiliary feasible factors rather than concentrating on unfeasible, as despite of best efforts of state the disease is still a major public health problem.
Acute myelocytic leukemia in pregnancy case report and literature review: a case report
Authors: Díaz Miriam Chantal Pérez , Acosta Mariana Flores , Baltazar Mixtty González , Gálvez Flavio Ávalos , Amairani Coronado Rosales Aimee , Torres José Maria Zepeda
Published: June 2022

Leukemia is a rare entity in pregnant women, when it occurs it is usually of myeloid origin and acute course, its diagnosis and management remains a challenge because of the limited availability of information resources due to the low frequency of this pathology, the management decision will be carried out by a multidisciplinary team that includes obstetricians, hematologists, psychologists, involving ethical issues always seeking to improve the maternal and fetal prognosis and never forgetting the wishes of the patient and her family. We present the case of a woman in the fourth decade of life, with pregnancy in the third trimester in which acute myeloid leukemia was diagnosed and where it was decided by a consensus of specialists in hematology, gynecology and pediatrics, to prolong the pregnancy until 32 weeks and then start chemotherapy.
Customized esthetic restoration in endodontically treated young permanent 1 molar
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Gupta D.K , Gupta Priyanka , Khairwa Abhishek , Rana Kuldeep Singh
Published: June 2022

Early caries involvement and gross destruction of permanent first molars result in reduced masticatory efficiency and later may lead to malocclusion, aesthetic and psychological problems for a smaller extent.

This case highlights the importance on management of grossly decayed young permanent molar by conservative approach in children followed by placement of customized zirconia crown using CEREC workflow, thus restoring the form, function, and occlusion.
Alternative replantation for an iatrogenic perforation repair with an undesirable root fracture: A case report
Authors: Priyanka  , Kumari Puja , Jha Monalisha , Verma Gaurav , Sengupta Ranjan
Published: June 2022

Intentional replantation is done in cases of endodontic failures where conventional forms of treatment options either fail or become impossible. It involves the removal of the offended tooth, execution of extra oral apicoectomy followed by its reinsertion into the socket. The present case report discussed in this paper presentation demonstrates a scenario where a right maxillary second molar had an iatrogenic perforation in the middle third of distal root. The decision of intentional replantation was made for its repair but unfortunately, the tooth underwent fracture in the course of extraction. The procedure was still performed with a reduced distal root length. Fortunately, a favourable outcome was observed after 1 year of follow up. However, for recording the long term survival, the patient is kept on follow-up.
Endo-Aesthetic rehabilitation of complicated crown-root fracture of maxillary lateral incisor by fragment reattachment: A case report
Authors: Mehta Shaili , Ramugade Manoj , Sayed Abrar , Sapkale Kishor , Sonkurla Sapna , Ambhore Sangeeta
Published: June 2022

In case of traumatic injuries to the anterior teeth, fragment reattachment is considered a minimally invasive technique. Re-attaching the same tooth fragment, possesses the advantage, of biomimicry by complete restoration of form, function, texture, lustre, and translucency. Due to advancements in adhesive dentistry, simple re-attachment to complex fragment rehabilitation have become predictable and reliable. Various techniques have been proposed for fragment reattachment based on the extent of injury, type of injury, condition of the fragment, and time- lapse. This case report demonstrates the endo-aesthetic rehabilitation of a complicated crown root fracture using a fiber post on lateral incisor with fracture line on the cervical 1/3of the labial aspect, running obliquely and apically towards the palatal surface after 1 year follow-up.
Management of intrinsic discoloration in maxillary incisors with the walking bleach: A case report
Authors: Singla Ruchi , Grover Rahul
Published: June 2022

In the age of minimally invasive dentistry and increasing aesthetic demands, walking bleach is the most effective and conservative method. Hydrogen peroxide is one of the commonly used bleaching agent. This case report illustrates the walking bleach technique in maxillary incisors with hydrogen peroxide.

A 35 years old female reported with discoloured endodontically treated maxillary incisors. Retreatment of maxillary incisors followed by walking bleach was planned. Glass ionomer cement was used as a barrier material. 35% hydrogen peroxide was placed in the pulp chamber with intermediate restorative material. The procedure was repeated after 5 days to achieve the desired results.

35% hydrogen peroxide can successfully bleach discolored endodontically treated teeth.

Walking bleach technique is an incredibly effective approach for discolored intact non -vital teeth. It is rapid and easy to obtain desired results as well as economical to patients as compared to crowns and veneers.
Non surgical retreatment three rooted maxillary premolars: A case report
Authors: Kour Sukhbir , Choudhary Ashish , Malik Azhar , Kaul Rudra
Published: June 2022

Effective and successful endodontic treatment requires dentists to have adequate information on the clinical variations in root canal anatomy. Maxillary premolars exhibit anatomical variations in the numbers of roots and canals, which pose a challenge during root canal therapy these variations must be considered for successful endodontic therapy. Herein, we illustrate the diagnosis and clinical management of previously endodontically treated three rooted maxillary premolars using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT).
Namdang castle town, Geumneung, and Gyomyo Ritual
Authors:   HUFS Institute of History and Culture, 김 상범
Published: June 2022

這篇論文, 以南唐政權的都城金陵爲中心, 探討都城史上‘禮儀城市’傳統的繼承與變化. 首先考察了金陵發展爲一國都城的趨勢以及具備禮儀空間的過程. 金陵城市史的巨大變化發生於天祐6年(909)徐溫就任昇州刺史之後. 徐知誥以昇州防遏使兼船副使推行了大規模的羅城及城壕工程, 而金陵逐漸具備了核心城市的規模, 並加強了防禦功能. 第二次變化發生於太和3年(931)徐知誥掌權之時. 爲了具備皇帝都城的威嚴, 徐知誥以大唐長安的皇城爲典範, 增修殿閣, 提高名號了. 值得矚目的是體現禮儀城市的特性, 建立了主要禮儀設施. 先設定了正殿連結於南郊圜丘壇的中軸線, 並以中軸線上的南北御街爲中心, 營造成‘左祖右社’的禮儀空間. 如此, 金陵共有皇帝居所宮殿與祭祀天地丶宗廟丶社稷等壇廟, 而正式具備了禮儀城市的規模.
爲了加強政權的正當性, 並解決現實政治的需求, 勝元三年(939)南唐烈祖李昪在金陵舉行了大祭祀. 值得注目的是這次祭典以宗廟和南郊合而爲一, 亦即郊廟禮儀一并擧行. 這可以說是唐代後期以來出現的三大禮的繼承. 江淮地區本身,地域意識也鞏固, 而從外進入樹立政權的吳丶南唐, 獲得當地豪族和老百姓的支持, 專心尊重和收容禮儀和信仰所包含的地域性歷史意識. 在南唐政府的積極公認和後援下, 陳果仁丶張子文神等逐步成長爲區域神, 幷進入都城裡面. 總之, 十國時期都城金陵的案例看, 雖然區域和民間因素的介入, 禮儀城市的傳統裏面也開始發生變化, 但都城基本上仍然繼承著禮儀城市的傳統性格.
The territorial dispute over Boju between Kitan and Goryeo
Authors:   HUFS Institute of History and Culture, Na Young Nam
Published: June 2022

In the 10th century, Song in China, Kitan in Manchuria, and Goryeo in the Korean Peninsula were unified. However, territorial disputes frequently occurred as the three countries faced each other with borders centered on Kitan. In Liaodong, Kitan and Goryeo fought wars and diplomatic battles boringly over the Yalu River basin, which was Balhae‘s territory. With the accession of the sixth emperor(聖宗), his Eastern policy and Goryeo's northern policy clashed. Eventually, the Kitan invaded Goryeo, and with this opportunity, the two countries signed an agreement to make the southern part of the Yalu River a territory of Goryeo and the northern part a territory of Kitan. However, not only did he abandon his diplomatic cause and maintain effective control over the already ceded Boju(保州), but he also invaded again to return all six Gangdong states(江東六州). Boju is an area located in the lower reaches of the Yalu River and corresponds to the throat connecting Liaodong and the Korean Peninsula. Goryeo could not yield because it was a military hub and an important transportation and trade hub.
Goryeo protested several times to destroy various facilities of Kitan built in Boju and further asked for the return of the site, but failed to achieve its intention. Goryeo had to win Boju on a strategic level, but it was not able to forcibly recapture Boju due to its weak military power. In such a situation, Jurchen rose and founded the Jin Dynasty, and due to the fierce offensive of the Jin, Kitan was in danger, so Goryeo had a chance to acquire Boju again. Goryeo used diplomatic means rather than physical means to compromise with Kitan and Jin. When Kitan withdrew his troops, delivered Naewonseong Fortress(來遠城) and Boju to Goryeo. Goryeo occupied Boju before the Jin's army and asked the Jin Dynasty to recognize their ownership. Jin Dynasty recognized the ownership of Goryeo in return for subservience to the stronger. Finally incorporated Boju into Goryeo's territory.
In this way, Goryeo obtained six weeks of Gangdong and Boju by serve Kitan and Yeojin. Subservience to the stronger, in which a small country serves a large country, were international practices at the time. As long as they became a hegemonic power in Northeast Asia, it was a practical option for Goryeo. Goryeo acquired territory and maintained friendly relations between the two countries to minimize the war, which created favorable conditions for the development of Goryeo.
An Analysis of Regional Economic Performance of Riau on the Capital Expenditure Budget: A Study of Indonesian Territorial Economics
Authors: Isyandi B , Trihatmoko R Agus
Published: June 2022

This study aims to assess the economic performance of Riau Province, Indonesia, both within the region and on a national scale. The research methodology used in this study is a descriptive statistical approach. The results of quantitative data processing are interpreted in an effort to develop the macroeconomic theories and frameworks relating to financial governance and regional budgets. The results of the study conclude that the economic performance of Riau has experienced a downward trend in recent years. In 2017, it reached IDR 471.42 trillion and grew about 2.71%, measured using Gross Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) at constant 2010 prices. In 2017, the Regional Expenditure Budget experienced a decline compared to 2016, in which it was IDR 35.44 trillion. Based on data analysis and interpretation, we propose frameworks for regional economic performance and the regional financial capability theory.
El control de la legalidad de las decisiones administrativas de regulación bancaria en la Unión Europea
Authors: Lara Ortiz María Lidón
Published: June 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación aborda las particularidades del control de la legalidad de las decisiones de la regulación bancaria, en el marco del actual sistema de supervisión financiera, desde una perspectiva del derecho administrativo español y europeo. En particular, se analizan las situaciones derivadas de la reforma implementada en la última década en la Unión Europea para establecer un sistema único de regulación bancaria en la eurozona, tanto en el ejercicio de las funciones de control de los supervisores, como en el ejercicio de la potestad de resolución bancaria.
Las barreras del procedimiento de eliminación de barreras burocráticas para acceder al mercado. Una revisión del modelo de control administrativo
Authors: Alejos Óscar , Suárez Alejandra
Published: June 2022

El procedimiento de eliminación de barreras burocráticas constituye un mecanismo de control interno de la Administración pública. Mediante este se permite que una autoridad controle los actos y las normas que emiten otros organismos y entidades públicas, con el propósito de eliminar aquellas barreras que impidan o dificulten el acceso o permanencia en el mercado de agentes económicos, además de hacer prevalecer la simplificación administrativa. Sin embargo, pese a la evidente finalidad de interés público que tiene este procedimiento, su diseño hace que el denunciante tenga que superar una serie de obstáculos para que eventualmente sea examinada su queja. En otros términos, se olvida el rol que está cumpliendo como colaborador de quien es el verdadero protagonista: la propia Administración encargada de eliminar dichas barreras. Es por ello que en el presente artículo se propone una revisión del modelo, a partir de una comprensión adecuada del rol de colaborador que tiene el denunciante y el rol activo que debe tener la autoridad de competencia.
Nudging e inteligencia artificial contra la corrupción en el sector público: posibilidades y riesgos
Authors: Villagrasa Óscar Capdeferro , Ponce Solé Juli
Published: June 2022

El sector público está empezando a incorporar herramientas basadas en inteligencia artificial, entre las que debemos destacar las destinadas a la lucha contra la corrupción y el fraude como una de las actividades de las administraciones más proclives al uso de herramientas basadas en inteligencia artificial. En el presente estudio se analiza cómo la unión de ciencias del comportamiento e inteligencia artificial pueden ser muy positivas para un adecuado control preventivo de la corrupción en la actuación de los servidores públicos, pero también abre la puerta a determinados riesgos propios del empleo de ambas técnicas (ciencias del comportamiento e inteligencia artificial), que deben tenerse en cuenta para así poder corregirlos.
Tepe Kesimi, Sitokinin ve Gibberellin Uygulamalarıyla Elmalarda Fidan Kalitesinin İyileştirilmesi
Authors: KURAL Mehmet , ATAY A. Nilgün , KOYUNCU Fatma , ATAY Ersin
Published: June 2022

Bilinen en eski ve en basit dallandırma yöntemi bir budama tekniği olan tepe kesimidir. Tepe kesimine alternatif çok sayıda teknik geliştirilmiş olmakla birlikte henüz pratikte tüm çeşitler için kabul görmüş bir dallandırma metodu bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmayla tepe kesimi ve farklı bitki büyüme düzenleyici maddeler içeren uygulamaların 2 yaşlı fidanların kalitesi üzerine olan ekileri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada dört farklı elma çeşidi için (Mondial Gala/M.9, Golden Reinders/M.9, Starkrimson Delicious/MM.106 ve Granny Smith/MM.106) odun dallarının (>25 cm) sayısı, açısı, uzunluğu ve kalınlığı tespit edilmiş ve ayrıca fidan gövde çapı ile fidan boyu belirlenmiştir. Hem sitokinin hem de gibberellin içeren uygulamaların tepe kesimi ve tek başına sitokinin içeren uygulamalara kıyasla dallanmayı arttırdığı görülmüştür. Özellikle Granny Smith çeşidinde tomurcuk patlamasından sonra yapılacak olan düşük doz tekrarlı sitokinin+gibberelin uygulamalarının ticari fidanlıklarda etkili şekilde kullanılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır
Dallanmayı Teşvik Eden Uygulamaların Braeburn ve Granny Smith Elma Çeşitlerinde Fidan Kalitesine Etkileri
Authors: ATAY Ersin , KOYUNCU Fatma
Published: June 2022

Fidan kalitesi, modern meyve bahçelerinin meyveye yatma yaşı ve karlılığı üzerinde oldukça önemli etkilere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada yaygın olarak kullanılan fidan üretim yönteminin Kontrol (Tgöz aşı) yanı sıra; Tgöz aşı+dallanma ajanı (PR) (‘Tgöz+PR’), Dilcikli aşı+Tepe kesimi (50 cm)+PR (‘Tepe Kesimi (50))’, Dilcikli aşı+Tepe kesimi (70cm)+PR (‘Tepe Kesimi(70)’) ve (Dilcikli aşı+Çizme+PR) (Meyveli Fidan) gibi farklı yaklaşımların fidan kalitesi ve fizyolojisi üzerindeki etkisini belirlemek için, iki üretim dönemi süresince kapsamlı denemeler yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada bitkisel materyal olarak MM.106 anaçlı Braeburn ve Granny Smith elma çeşitleri kullanılmıştır. Odun dalı sayısı, odun dalı açısı, odun dalı uzunluğu, odun dalı kalınlığı, gövde kesit alanı, yaprak sayısı, fidan boyu, bitki besin elementi analizleri ve yaprak döküm zamanı gibi ölçüm ve gözlemler her iki fidan üretim periyodu için ayrı ayrı belirlenmiştir. ‘Meyveli Fidan’ yöntemiyle 1. deneme yılında Braeburn çeşidinde 13 adet/fidan ve Granny Smith çeşidinde 4 adet/fidan odun dalı (>25 cm) medyan değerleri elde edilmiştir. 2. deneme yılında ise bu değerler, sırasıyla 13 ve 6 adet/fidan olarak belirlenmiştir. Braeburn çeşidinde her iki deneme yılında da odun dalı sayısı ve yaprak sayısı değerleri bakımından en yüksek değerler ‘Meyveli Fidan’ yönteminde meydana gelmiştir. Besin elementi içerikleri bakımından elde edilen bulguların, fidan üretim yöntemlerine ve çeşitlere göre genel olarak büyük farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, farklı çeşit/anaç kombinasyonları için farklı yaklaşımlarla fidan üretimi yapılabileceğini göstermektedir.
Factors Influencing Intended Bicycling Behavior
Authors: Gravenstine Vanessa , Kuehn Diane M. , Dayer Ashley A.
Published: June 2022

Bicycling for transportation and recreation has many benefits including human health, greenhouse gas reduction, and community building. Understanding the factors that influence intentions to bicycle can help community planners improve access to bicycle routes and facilities for residents. This study examines the facilitators, constraints, motivations, demographic and experiential characteristics, and intentions to ride a bicycle of the residents of the Town of DeWitt in Central New York State. Data were collected using a mail and internet survey during the summer of 2015. Survey questions focused on constraints/facilitators, motivations, intentions, demographics, recent participation in bicycling during the summer of 2015, and lifetime involvement in bicycling (i.e., number of years). Of the 1,253 questionnaires distributed, a qualified sample of 1,206 households was obtained; 56 questionnaires were completed online and 417 were returned by mail, resulting in a 39% response rate. Descriptive statistics and path analysis were used to identify determinants of bicycling intentions. Lack of adequate infrastructure was identified as a significant constraint on bicycling intentions, while support for infrastructure enhancements, enjoyment from riding, riding to spend time with friends and family, and number of children in the respondent’s household all directly and significantly influenced intentions to bike ride. Other factors (i.e., infrastructure connections in the community, spending time outdoors, support from others for biking, gender, free time, age, and income) indirectly influenced intentions. The results indicate that respondents would likely be in support of infrastructure improvements in the future, especially if these improvements create safer riding locations for both adults and children. In addition, the analysis made it possible to discern previously unrecognized factors influencing bicycling intentions, such as gender-based differences in level of support for biking infrastructure enhancements, the number of children in the household, and the importance of biking as a social experience. Incorporating off-road bike paths and gathering places for bicyclists into future planning efforts would likely be supported by residents seeking safe riding experiences for themselves and their children.
Repurposing African teachers for sustainable development: Online global trends
Authors: Kehinde Lawrence
Published: June 2022

This intellectual piece aims to repurpose African teachers for the achievement of Standard Development Goals (SDG) 2030 target through online global trends. To achieve this, a qualitative review method was adopted to gain insight to previous studies that have established the positive impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) skills and competencies in teaching and learning processes. The findings show that many African teachers need to be adequately equipped with ICT skills as captured in the UNESCO framework. The study, therefore, concludes that teachers are inevitably becoming reskilled and reequipped with a virtual learning-based framework so that the SDG 4 can be achieved. Hence, the virtual learning space model with potential to equip teachers with necessary and requisite skills and competencies was developed and recommended. This will enable teachers to transit into an online teaching environment, where the teaching and learning processes are sustained without being hampered by any future unprecedented circumstances.

Keywords: African teacher, COVID-19, ICT-CFT, online global trends, sustainable development.
Urgency of social media-based civics education instruction in higher education
Authors: Suastika I Nengah , Suartama I Kadek , Sanjaya Dewa Bagus
Published: June 2022

This study aimed at formulating the relevance and urgency of social media content with civics education learning material. This study used the qualitative research method. The instruments used were interview guidelines, observation guidelines and documentation study guidelines. Strategic issues on social media related to citizenship skills were Pancasila ideology, law enforcement, black campaign, politics of identity, conflict of diversity, national disintegration, terrorism, intolerance, spreading of hatred and hoaxes. These social media content deserve to be the problems that are examined in the process of civics education instruction because they are contextual, challenging, value-based, meaningful and fun for the students. Studies on social media content were very important because all students used social media and made it as a source of learning; the contents of social media were related to citizenship skills; social media content that was not analysed comprehensively created misconceptions; the content on social media was contextual; social media content was more attractive for the students to be studied in lectures; and studying the citizenship issues that existed on social media familiarised the students to a critical and democratic thinking. Social media has become an essential means of communication in global life with increasingly sophisticated technological means.

 

Keywords: Civics education, social media, learning resources.