bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PRODUÇÃO DE VERMICOMPOSTO A PARTIR DA CRIAÇÃO DE MINHOCAS Eisenia foetida COMO ALTERNATIVA DE PRODUÇÃO PARA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR
Authors: Miranda Regiane Da Silva , Mello Andrea Hentz de , Maneschy Rosana Quaresma , Michelotti Fernando
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: A utilização de vermicomposto é uma das alternativas que podem auxiliar na minimização por insumos químicos na produção vegetal e estimular a transição agroecológica na agricultura familiar. Este trabalho tem como objetivos desde 2007, desenvolver e difundir tecnologias de baixo custo para a reciclagem de resíduos vegetais através da criação de minhocas (Eisenia foetida) que possam ser utilizados nos sistemas agroflorestais (SAF) dos agricultores familiares de Marabá e região. As atividades desenvolvidas no curso de Agronomia da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) - Campus Universitário de Marabá e nos projetos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento fomentaram as ações de pesquisa e extensão deste trabalho, sendo elas: a implantação e acompanhamento de minhocário experimental no campus da UFPA, outro na Federação das Cooperativas da Agricultura Familiar do Sul do Pará (FECAT), e em Assentamentos da região, bem como distribuição de matrizes para a formação de minhocários nos assentamentos e distribuição do vermicomposto. Como resultados desse projeto que articulou as atividades ensino-pesquisa-extensão envolvendo docentes, discentes e técnicos junto a agricultores familiares, podem-se destacar: dias de campo e palestras para a difusão da tecnologia, distribuição de matrizes de minhocas e a implantação de cinco minhocários com alta produção de minhocas e vermicomposto. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: agricultura familiar, minhocário, insumos biológicos.
QUEBRA DE DORMÊNCIA DO FAVÃO PARA O USO NA RECUPERAÇÃO DE ÁREAS DEGRADADAS EM MARABÁ-PA
Authors: Nunes Jayane Santos , Knoechelmann Clarissa Mendes , Mello Andréa Hentz de , Espírito Santos Raimundo Nonato do , Pinheiro Ana Valéria Dos Reis , Santos Eliade Rocha dos
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: A recuperação de áreas degradadas torna-se uma alternativa para o meio ambiente e social. Em Marabá-PA áreas em que são realizadas atividades de extração de argila encontram-se degradadas.O favão (Parkia multijuga Beth) é uma leguminosa e é comum sua ocorrência na região Amazônica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o melhor método de quebra de dormência para o favão, observando a taxa de germinação. O delineamento experimental em casa de vegetação foi um fatorial no delineamento inteiramente casualizado (DIC), contendo uma espécie vegetal, um tipo de substrato, três métodos de quebra de dormência que consistiu em testemunha (sem quebra de dormência) (TR1), escarificação mecânica (TR2) e imersão das sementes em H2SO4, por 16 minutos (TR3), onde usou-se 40 repetições , totalizando 120 vasos (1x1x3x40). Para obter os dados da germinação foi usado regra de três simples usando o valor da quantidade de sementes germinada com a quantidade de sementes semeadas. Os dados foram analisadas e submetidas a testes de média e de variância de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade, segundo metodologia descrita no software SISVAR.. O método de superação da dormência do favão mais eficiente foi a escarificação mecânica. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: germinação, Parkia multijuga, reabilitação.
SUSTENTABILIDADE E ESTRATÉGIAS DE REPRODUÇÃO SOCIAL DA AGRICULTURA FAMILIAR NA AMAZONIA ORIENTAL
Authors: Martins Simone Alves , Oliveira Myriam Cyntia Cesar de
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: Na busca de garantir a reprodução social de sua família dentro das atuais condições do contexto regional, os agricultores da fronteira de Marabá têm procurado adotar novas estratégias produtivas e sociais. Os estabelecimentos familiares estão passando por processos de adaptação dos sistemas de produção no sentido de aumentar as possibilidades de permanência no lugar. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar algumas das novas estratégias de reprodução social utilizadas por agricultores familiares em assentamentos na região de Marabá. A pesquisa foi realizada nos assentamentos Lago Azul e Palmeira Jussara, a partir de uma amostra de 33 estabelecimentos familiares, tendo sido utilizados roteiros semi-estruturados e questionários para o levantamento empírico. Foram observadas alterações de estratégias que se direcionam para a diversificação das atividades produtivas e para a diversificação das fontes de renda que podem colaborar para a reprodução social dos agricultores e para a sustentabilidade de seus sistemas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: adaptação, manutenção, sistemas de produção.
AGROBIODIVERSIDADE E OS SERVIÇOS AMBIENTAIS: PERSPECTIVAS PARA O MANEJO ECOLÓGICO DOS AGROECOSSISTEMAS NO ESTADO DO PARÁ
Authors: Macedo Rodrigues Diego , Silva Maristela Marques da , Almeida Larissa Santos de , Souza Thiago Rodrigues de , Yared Jorge Alberto Gazel , Santana Antônio Cordeiro de
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: A agrobiodiversidade, ou diversidade agrícola, constitui uma parte importante da biodiversidade e engloba todos os elementos que interagem na produção agrícola, sendo um componente essencial dos sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis. Desta forma, com este trabalho objetivou-se analisar as perspectivas de manejo sustentável dos solos e das pragas nos agroecossistemas paraenses, por meio da manutenção da agrobiodiversidade nas atividades produtivas. Utilizaram-se dados dos 143 municípios paraenses, oriundos do Censo Agropecuário de 2006, disponibilizados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e da Produção Anual dos Municípios (PAM), referente ao mesmo ano. Utilizou-se a análise fatorial, importante técnica de análise estatística multivariada, pela qual foram estimados escores fatoriais, dos quais foram estimados os índices utilizados na análise. Para o cálculo do IDA (Índice de Desempenho Agrícola) foram utilizadas 17 variáveis e no IDP (Índice de Desempenho Pecuário) foram utilizadas cinco ariáveis, todas referentes aos 143 municípios paraenses. Na busca por sistemas agrícolas sustentáveis no estado do Pará, de baixo uso de insumos e energeticamente eficientes, uma estratégia é restaurar a diversidade da paisagem agropecuária dentro e no entorno do estabelecimento agrícola, nos quais a diversidade pode ser melhorada no tempo, o que pode ser alcançado por meio da rotação de culturas por exemplo, e, no espaço, pode-se otimizar a forma de cultivos de cobertura, adotar policulturas, sistemas agrossilvipastoris, cercas vivas, conservação de fragmentos de florestas, corredores ecológicos e matas ciliares, dentre outros. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: agricultura familiar, agropecuária, sustentabilidade.
PROPRIEDADES FÍSICAS DO SOLO SOB DIFERENTES SISTEMAS DE MANEJO DA CAPOEIRA NO NORDESTE PARAENSE
Authors: Trindade Elineuza Faria da Silva , Valente Moacir Azevedo , Mourão Júnior Moisés
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: Um novo modelo de produção baseado em tecnologia de preparo de área sem o uso do fogo está sendo desenvolvido no Nordeste Paraense como alternativa ao preparo tradicional de corte-e-queima. Baseado na trituração da capoeira, esse modelo pode contribuir para a melhoria das características produtivas do solo pela manutenção da cobertura do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar o efeito de diferentes formas de manejo da capoeira (corte-e-queima e corte-e-trituração) na melhoria das propriedades físicas do solo. A pesquisa foi realizada no Município de Igarapé-Açu, Pará, sob um Neossolo Quartzarênico Órtico típico. Foram avaliadas 3 formas de preparo da terra: 1- corte e queima da vegetação em pousio; 2- corte e trituração da vegetação de pousio para cobertura do solo; e, 3- corte, trituração e incorporação da vegetação ao solo, com e sem adubação NPK cada forma, e uma área de capoeira natural como testemunha. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. As coletas de solo para análise de textura do solo, densidade do solo, porosidade do solo e disponibilidade de água foram realizadas nas profundidades de 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 e 30-50 cm, em parcelas de 10,0 m x 12,0 m em cada tratamento, e analisadas segundo a metodologia da Embrapa (1997). As médias dos resultados analíticos foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Os resultados indicaram que o sistema baseado na trituração da capoeira aliado a complementação através da adubação mineral apresenta maior potencial para a manutenção da qualidade física do solo em relação ao sistema com queima da vegetação secundária ao longo do tempo e que a disponibilidade de água às plantas no solo sob trituração da capoeira é maior que no solo sob queima da capoeira nas camadas mais próximas à superfície. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: agricultura familiar, manejo do solo, sistema de corte e trituração da capoeira.
QUINTAIS AGROFLORESTAIS COMO ESTRATÉGIA ALIMENTAR FAMILIAR NO ASSENTAMENTO 26 DE MARÇO, MARABÁ, PARÁ
Authors: Miranda Regiane Da Silva , Nunes Jayane Santos , Oliveira Ilmaione Keiza de Souza , Mororó Dayanne Lustosa , Maneschy Rosana Quaresma
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: Os quintais agroflorestais (SAFQ) são sistemas de cultivo diversificados com espécies de múltiplos usos, envolvendo também a criação de pequenos animais. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a diversidade e função das espécies vegetais presentes nos quintais agroflorestais de unidades de produção familiares no assentamento rural “26 de Março”, em Marabá - PA. A pesquisa foi realizada em junho de 2010 em três estabelecimentos familiares. Utilizou-se a metodologia da pesquisa participante, entrevistas estruturadas com os membros da família e inventário de 100% das espécies vegetais da área do SAFQ. Os dados foram analisados através da estatística descritiva e para comparar a similaridade de espécies entre os quintais foi utilizado o índice de Sorensen. As frutíferas são predominantes nos sistemas avaliados, compondo aproximadamente 92%; 86% e 89% das espécies presentes nos SAFQ1, SAFQ2 e SAFQ3, respectivamente. Foi observada similaridade média entre os quintais estudados. Esses agroecossistemas constituem-se numa alternativa viável de manejo racional devido sua composição florística, estrutura e possibilidade de produção diversificada auxiliando na segurança alimentar da unidade de produção familiar durante o ano. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: agricultura familiar, diversidade, sistema agroflorestal.
TRICOMAS CONFEREM RESISTÊNCIA CONTRA HERBIVORIA DE Cerotoma arcuata EM CULTIVARES DE SOJA
Authors: Rodrigues Diego De Macedo , Souza Cíntia Ribeiro , Aguiar Raimundo Wagner de Souza , Melo Aurélio Vaz de , Silva Jucielle Cardoso da , Ootani Márcio Akio , Cruz Wilton Pires da
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: O uso de cultivares de soja resistente a insetos-praga é uma alternativa de controle que diminui os custos de produção e não causa desequilíbrio no agroecossistema. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar se diferentes densidades de plantio influenciam a suscetibilidade de cultivares de soja a Cerotoma arcuata Oliver (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) no estado do Tocantins. Para tanto, foram conduzidos ensaios de preferência com chance de escolha em laboratório utilizando os cultivares de soja P98Y70, M8766RR e M9144RR. A preferência dos insetos variou em função da cultivar. Os tricomas desempenham papel importante na proteção das plantas ao ataque da C. arcuata, de forma que o cultivar M8766RR apresenta resistência do tipo não-preferência para alimentação deste desfolhador. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: defesas morfológicas, manejo de resistência, relação inseto-planta.
ESTABELECIMENTO DE FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES EM MUDAS DE Mimosa artemisiana EM DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS
Authors: Hentz Andréa De Mello , Silva Eliana Maria Ribeiro da , Saggin Júnior Orivaldo José
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: A inoculação de fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMAs) é viável em mudas. Nesta fase as plantas são fertilizadas o que pode inibir os FMAs. Este estudo teve o objetivo de avaliar o estabelecimento de duas espécies de FMAs, consideradas eficientes em promover o crescimento de leguminosas e a fixação biológica de N2 em áreas degradadas, durante a formação de mudas de Mimosa artemisiana crescendo em diferentes substratos ricos em fósforo. O trabalho foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Embrapa Agrobiologia em bandejas com 72 células, cada uma com 100 mL de substrato constituído de composto orgânico (30%), solo argiloso (30%) e areia (40%). O experimento constou de 5 tratamentos, sendo 2 de inoculação com Glomus clarum Nicolson & Schenck e com Glomus etunicatum Becker & Gerdemann e 3 não inoculados. Os tratamentos não inoculados constaram de uma testemunha em substrato não desinfestado, (Ni – Não tratado), uma testemunha com substrato irradiado com raios gama, (Ni – Raio gama) e uma testemunha com substrato tratado com Benomyl (Ni – Benomyl). A inoculação aumentou a colonização micorrízica das raízes, e as mudas tornaram-se bem colonizadas apesar do alto nível de fósforo no substrato, o que pode garantir a sobrevivência no transplante para áreas degradadas. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Árvore de crescimento rápido, micorrizas, nutrição de plantas.
O audiovisual nas periferias brasileiras: fatores para o desenvolvimento da produção
Authors: Souza Gustavo
Published: June 2016

Pretende-se debater neste artigo os fatores que permitem o surgimento da produção audiovisual nas periferias brasileiras. Conclui-se que três importantes fatores permitem o desenvolvimento de tal produção: as políticas culturais empreendidas nos últimos 10 anos, tanto no âmbito municipal quanto federal; o desenvolvimento das tecnologias digitais, que se popularizou, facilitando o acesso aos meios de produção e, por fim, novas propostas de políticas de representação, que tentam se distanciar da ideia dos espaços periféricos como locais exclusivos de insegurança, perigo e violência.
Diretores de escola em Minas Gerais querem currículo unificado?
Authors: Lessa Paula Batista , Teixeira Beatriz De Basto
Published: June 2016

Este artigo analisa dados da pesquisa Gestão escolar, recursos e desenvolvimento curricular: desafios para a liderança, realizada com apoio da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (Fapemig) e do Centro de Políticas Públicas e Avaliação da Educação (CAEd) da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF). O survey aplicado a 3.483 diretores das escolas da rede estadual mineira, em novembro de 2012, investigou sua opinião sobre a criação de um currículo unificado e padronizado no país e no estado. Os resultados podem ser considerados como um estímulo a novas reflexões sobre a necessidade de orientações curriculares para as redes de ensino, notadamente depois da forte crítica desenvolvida nos anos de 1990 aos parâmetros elaborados naquele período.
„Green” Public Relations (Public relations in the sector of products and services for Polish agriculture)
Authors: Włodarski Sebastian
Published: June 2016

The field of Public Relations has undoubtedly been assuming growing importance in Poland. Understood as an element of marketing communication or a function of company management, it has a significant impact on company’s external and internal environment. According to Puls Biznesu3 the value of the Polish PR market amounted to 250m PLN in 2005, which is a 20% increase as compared to 2004. According to the author Urszula S ´wiatl⁄owska, “the turnover of PR agencies is growing and even smaller companies demonstrate their interest in the services”. Considering this, it can be assumed that PR activities will soon be initiated by many smaller Polish companies, often connected with the agricultural sector. The change discussed by the authors of the article reflects the phenomenon of PR’s growing importance among other communication channels in Poland.
MBA education at Debrecen University Faculty of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development
Authors: Nábrádi András , Kárpáti László , Lazányi János
Published: June 2016

Debrecen is the capital of the Great Hungarian Plain, the centre of many institutions, organizations and business companies just in the heart of Europe. It has provided an ideal setting for higher education since 1538. With this past of more than 450 years, the University of Debrecen is the oldest higher educational institution in continuous operation in Hungary based in the same city. Higher education in agriculture began in 1868, when the National Higher School of Agriculture was formed in Debrecen. The University of Debrecen has more than 26 000 students, and more than 1700 instructors teach at the University, which has 13 faculties, 2 independent institutions, 20 doctoral schools and offers the widest choice of higher education. This outstanding intellectual centre, with a vast research and development capacity, has a growing importance in the economic and social development, cultural progress of the region. It devotes special attention to serving the needs of a knowledge based society more efficiently, and it strives to become the knowledge centre of the region, which also preserves traditions and values.
Learning for the Knowledge Society
Authors: Tichá Ivana
Published: June 2016

With sustained use and creation of knowledge in the centre of the economic development process, an economy essentially becomes a Knowledge Economy. A Knowledge Economy (KE) is one that utilizes knowledge as the key engine of economic growth. It is an economy where knowledge is acquired, created, disseminated and used effectively to enhance economic development.
Agri-environmental management and rural development: Hungary after EU accession
Authors: Katonáné Kovács Judit
Published: June 2016

In Hungary, similarly to developed countries, the share of agriculture in the GDP has declined. Even so, preparation of the sector’s long term strategy is crucial, as the role of agriculture exceeds the results represented in the GDP. Environmental and social functions of agriculture are revaluated in developed countries, and consumers at the end of the food chain actually govern the entire process. This is why information plays an increasingly important role, and gives signals (Verbeke, 2005) to the actors in the economy and society. This research area is diverse (including agricultural policy, environmental policy, rural development and sustainable development), and so I applied an interdisciplinary approach and conducted an integrated examination. The results show that in recent decades, the pressure of agriculture on the environment has been lower in Hungary than in the EU-15 and agri-environmental measures have taken hold in all types of land-use systems, even though they are more important in protected areas. Although this development provides a good basis for a long term strategy social capital has lost strength (Csath, 2002), so fostering the creation of internal and external rural networks – one instrument for this could be the Leader programme – is essential for sustainable rural development.
Key aspects of investment analysis
Authors: Nábrádi András , Szőllősi László
Published: June 2016

This paper reviewed principally accepted methods applied to investment analysis. To describe every aspect of investment analysis fully would require far more space than available here, so we highlight only of few of its aspects. This study collects several well-known bibliographies, contrasts them with each other and provides explanations for having done so. There are many questions about which authors and companies agree, including about how to apply certain methods, but on others there is disagreement. Four dynamic methods (Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Profitability Index, and Discounted Payback Period) are demonstrated from the viewpoint of application. Moreover, this study clarifies several sensitive questions, such as handling income taxes, inflation and uncertainty. Other examined issues are only mentioned at the end of this paper, and we will publish on these more thoroughly at a later date.
Towards innovative environmental management in the Agro-food Industry
Authors: Bremmers Harry , Haverkamp Derk-Jan , Sabidussi Anna , Omta Onno
Published: June 2016

This article focuses on the problem: what external (stakeholder) and (internal structural/organizational) factors drive companies in the food- and agribusiness towards innovative environmental management? Innovative companies are those considered to have adopted a supply chain perspective, instead of a focus on the single business unit. We propose that innovativeness is associated with stakeholder wishes (the government, the public environmental policy being a major influential factor), in combination with structural characteristics of the firm (like R&D-efforts, culture and managerial competences). We surveyed 492 companies in 2002, to get insight into the causes of innovativeness in the Dutch agri-food sector, and supplemented this data by means of a similar questionnaire in 2005. Structural equation modeling and correlation analysis were applied. The research provided evidence that companies are restricted by, and therefore not comfortable with, public environmental policies, which seem to obstruct innovativeness rather than stimulate it. Firms that(1) have enough internal (physical, financial, social)resourcestoinnovate, and (2) are more embedded in a web of (commercial) stakeholder wishes, prove to be more innovative. Suggestions are made to shift the corporate and public policies towards a supply chain-oriented approach by granting benefits for vertical cooperation in supply-chains.
Certain elements of population retaining ability and the ability to economically provide for a population of the countryside
Authors: Tikász Ildikó Edit
Published: June 2016

According to the data of population density, most of Hungary’s territory has rural features. Achieving EU supports in order to focus on developing the most underdeveloped communities, and in order to lessen the differences between communities, to establish priorities and to determine the rank of rural communities based on their development potential is necessary.The need of measurability arises because of comparison and classification.A possible target area is an analysis of population retaining ability and the ability to economically provide for a population of rural areas.
Liquid bio-fuels in Hungary: effects and contradictions
Authors: Bai Attila
Published: June 2016

The increase of living standard requires ever more energy, despite energy saving measures. Domestic growth was 100 PJ between 2000 and 2006, and 77% of the total utilization was importe (Hungarian Central Statistical Office, 2008).Sustainability was endangered not only in our energy and commerce policy. Our domestic natural conditions are suitable for plant production; however, the stagnation of the domestic population and decreasing livestock numbers restrict in land marketing. Therefore, significant surpluses from year to year had to be stored and sold abroad, and the fact that the interventional purchase of corn and the expected stringent new EU regulation of the sugar beet sector, make the strategic significance of these branches uncertain. The difficult marketing opportunities make the better utilization of our opportunities in producing liquid bio-fuels possible from marketing aspects, while environmental issues and realizing the EU directions enforce to do so in a longer term. Over the short term, agricultural and competitive aspects will determine its spread, which cause different effects in Europe in comparison with the developing countries. According to Nábrádi-Ficzeréné Nagymihály, 2008, one of the breaking points of Hungarian agriculture lies in the utilization of alternative energy sources. During the past period, many contradictory opinions came forward relating to economies, agricultural effects, food risks as well as the energetic and environmental efficiency of bio-fuels. One thing is certain: these fuels are already used today and their significance has been increasing. Although due to technological development, spread of new products and processes (cellulose-based bioethanol, bioethanol, biogas, hydrogen, biomethane) will obviously have to be expected in the future, at present biodiesel and bioethanol are determent among bio-fuels, thus I deal with these as well as their energetic and agricultural effects in my study.
Investment analysis of plum brandy production – methodology approach
Authors: Hadelan Lari
Published: June 2016

The major prerequisite of successful entrepreneurship venture is quality of decision-making process. Decision in investment is the most important financial decision. It is a part of both long-term business planning process and strategic business definition. Using available investment appraisal methods, entrepreneur should make positive or negative investment decision. Within the development of the economic theory and the practice many of methods made decision-making process rational and gave the scientific and practical base for successful project evaluation.
Agribusiness higher education development – training needs analysis
Authors: Juracak Josip , Kárpáti László
Published: June 2016

With the tremendous changes in political and economic systems of the Republic of Croatia after independence, new challenges have been put to the higher education system as well. The system used to be structured to serve a centrally planed economy with predominantly state ownership. Universities were producing graduates to be employed on statefarms,inagri-foodsystems(socalled„kombinats“),the state owned processing industry or cooperatives. The graduates were specialised in particular branches, such as crop production, vegetable production or livestock husbandry. Therefore, they were not educated to understand the whole system of a company or the agri-food system. In one word, they were not prepared to run firms as managers, although they were highly educated. Small and medium size entrepreneurs in agri-food business have been rather an exception than a rule, and prior to the transition there was not to much experience in managing, financing or marketing for such a firms.
Knowledge transfer: a case study approach
Authors: Tichá Ivana , Havlícek Jaroslav
Published: June 2016

The article builds on the growing importance of knowledge as a strategic resource for maintaining the competitive advantage of a business. We illustrate one of the initiatives contributing to effective knowledge transfer by describing a case study approach which suggests how universities might assist in disseminating knowledge and enhancing industry competitiveness.The case study approach is apparently an effective way to share best practices, and with the use of appropriate ICT tools, it provides for an enormous diffusion of codified (explicit) knowledge in the industry.The example in the focus of this article describes aVirtual Portal designed as a single-point access to information and tools (case studies, decision models and software), with the emphasis on case studies (their selection, coding and use).
Agricultural outsourcing: A comparison between the Netherlands and Japan
Authors: Igata Masayo , Hendriksen Astrid , Heijman Wim
Published: June 2016

Outsourcing may well be a tool for increasing the efficiency of Japanese agriculture. However, outsourcing is not frequently used by Japanese farmers in their day-to-day management. This has resulted in a weakly developed market for agricultural contracting services. In order to take a closer look at the reasons for making use of outsourcing, a comparative study was carried out between the agricultural contracting sector in Japan and that in the Netherlands, where agricultural outsourcing is a regular practice. In the Netherlands, especially small, diversified farms that lack sufficient labour tend to outsource agricultural work; in Japan, the situation is far less clear. Cultural factors possibly play an important role.
Historic landmarks in the development of Agricultural Land Market in Poland after the year 1989
Authors: Majewski Edward
Published: June 2016

For a number of decades in the second half of the XXth century, agricultural land has been divided in Poland between three sectors: family, state owned and cooperative farms, with a dominating share of private, individual farmers in land use. As a result, ownership structure of agricultural land in Poland is quite unique among the former socialist Central and East European countries. Until the year1989, when the transformation to a market economy was initiated, the land market in Poland was almost non-existent. The State Land Fund(SLF), an institution created in 1944 was fordecades a substitute to land market. Originally, the Fund was responsible for the implementation of the land reform. After nationalization or confiscation of real estates, state farms have been established on a larger part of agricultural land under Fund’s management. Therest has been divided between formerfarm workers and small farmers owing less than 5 hectares of land.
Efficiency evaluation of service marketing in a Hungarian Telecommunication Company
Authors: Kalmár Katalin , Kárpáti László
Published: June 2016

It is unquestionable that marketing is an essential promotor of the economy and commerce. With its diverse tools, it can influence consumers and also regulate supply by measuring needs and demands (Bauer-Berács, 1998). Although the roots of marketing go back centuries, it is interesting that the raison d’être of service marketing was disputed even in the 1960s and 1970s. However, by today it has developed into a substantive specialty. In this study, the inquiry service and the implemented marketing tools of a leading Hungarian telecommunications company were studied for four years. (The data was provided by the communication manager of the company. Being bound to secrecy, I will not disclose the name  of the company or the inquiry service.)
An analysis of the national strategies for sustainable development with special emphasis on the issues of Agriculture and Rural development
Authors: Bauerné Gáthy Andrea
Published: June 2016

In this paper which is based on my dissertation I carried out a comprehensive analysis of the national strategies for sustainable development prepared by the EU and its member states. I paid special attention to agricultural and rural development issues discussed in the strategies. According to my hypothesis the sets of objectives defined in accordance with the principles of sustainable development provide a firm basis for the objectives of the ongoing reforms of the European Union’s CommonAgricultural Policy. Due to the complexity of the topic I applied an interdisciplinary approach in my research.
Forecasting with X-12-ARIMA: International tourist arrivals to India and Thailand
Authors: Balogh Péter , Kovács Sándor , Chaiboonsri Chukiat , Chaitip Prasert
Published: June 2016

Forecasting is an essential analytical tool in tourism policy and planning. This paper focuses on forecasting methods based on X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment and this method was developed by the Census Bureau in the United States. It has been continually improved since the 1960s, and it is used by many statistics agencies and central banks. The secondary data were used to produce forecasts of international tourist arrivals to India for 2007-2010 and also these data were used to produce forecasts of international tourist arrivals to Thailand for 2006-2010. From these period the results confirm that the best forecasting method based on the X-12-ARIMA seasonal adjustment is X-12-ARIMA(0,1,2)(0,1,1), X-12-ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1) and X-12-ARIMA(2,1,0)(0,1,1) for India and the best forecasting method based on this method is X-12-ARIMA(0,1,1)(0,1,1) and X-12-ARIMA(2,1,0)(0,1,1) for Thailand. Furthermore this method predict that international tourism arrivals to India for 2007–2010 will growth at a positive rate as same as in this during period the number of international tourists arrival to India will be 5,079,651 million, 5,652,180 million, 6,224,480 million and 6,796,890 million, respectively. Also this method predict that international tourism arrivals to Thailand for 2006-2010 will growth at a positive rate as same as in this during period the number of international tourists arrival to Thailand will be 12,211,033 million, 12,699,532 million, 13,187,591 million, 13,674,669 million and 14,161,998 million, respectively. If these results can be generalized for future year, then it suggests that both the India government sector and the Thailand government sector also the private tourism industry sector of these country should prepare to receive increasing numbers of international tourist arrivals both to India and Thailand in this period.
The Position Losing of Animal Husbandry in Agriculture
Authors: Nemessályi Zsolt
Published: June 2016

The author in the presentation deals with the fact that what caused the decline of animal husbandry in contrast with plant production; how this unfavourable ratio of 60:40 could evolve when comparing plant production and animal husbandry What the reason is for the decreasing animal stock; and how the effect of changes in the elements of the economic efficiency such as yields, prices, subsidies, production value, inputs, costs, profits can be evaluated in case of more important animal husbandry enterprises highlighting several significant animal products.
Human resources management in small and medium enterprises
Authors: Ceranic Slobodan , Popovic Blaženka
Published: June 2016

Development of small and medium enterprises (SME) represents primary goal of every modern economy. It is complex challenge which includes great number of directly concerned parties in every sector of the state and economy. SME stimulate private ownership and entrepreneurship. Their characteristic is that they are flexible and can easily adjust to changes in supply and demand on the market. At the same time they open possibilities for increase of employment, promote diversification of economical activities, support sustainable growth and give significant contribution to export, trade and increase the competitiveness of the entire economy. Importance of SME for economy is undisputable. All research show that globally, more than 90% of all business activities are realized by SME. SMEs employ two thirds of total labor of European Union. Approaching to European Union presumes harmonization of the systematic environment and improvement of the climate of entrepreneurship, private initiative, development of SME. This determination has strongpoint in current world processes that prefer the development of SME, utilizing their profit efficiency and established advantages relating to the adaptability of small business to dynamic changes in economy. Problem of Human resources management is very sensitive issue in SMEs. Namely, in big companies there are entire teams of agencies or consultants are hired for selection and education of new employees, whereas in SMEs this work is done by owner or manager. Therefore, in this paper several facts were pointed out which need to be considered in selection of new employees, since every mistake in this activity can cause far-reaching consequences on functioning of SME.
Use of coordination spheres in food economics
Authors: Tóth József
Published: June 2016

The coordination plays central role in the economics. The conventional economic theory looks at the market and enterprise (or hierarchy) as two different, separated manner of coordination of economic goods and services. However the modern organization theory, price theory and institutional economics show that different types (not only market and enterprise, but also several types of hybrid forms) of coordination (or governance structure) necessarily live together in the current economic system. Based on my previous research on the field of regional clusters in the food industry I came to the conclusion that the cluster is one of the spheres where economic coordination can occur.At the same time I pointed out that the ways of coordination can be ordered on an ordinary scale according to its normative or positive nature. I’ve also found that the choice between the coordination spheres (market, enterprise or cluster) is not arbitrary, but instead depends on the interest’s dimension which is represented by the exchange of goods and services in question.
Strategic approach to sustainable business of Galenika Fitofarmacija A.D. in a context of accession of Republic of Serbia
Authors: Zecevic Dijana
Published: June 2016

Strategic management is ultimately concerned with the quest for sustainable advantage. To be practical, advantage for commercial firms concerns earnings and sustainable means a concern with earnings into the future. Pearce and Robinson define strategic management as a set of decisions and actions that results in the formulation and implementation of plans designed to achieve a company’s objectives. David says that strategic management can be defined as the art and science of formulating, implementing, and evaluating cross-functional decisions that enable an organization to achieve its objectives. Strategy is also hierarchical concept – it takes place at three different levels: corporate, business, and functional. These levels correspond with the activities of managers in different parts of the organization.
The evolution of the Avacongress
Authors: Nábrádi András
Published: June 2016

In the early 1990’s MBA educations started independently in Warsaw, Prague, and Debrecen. In the middle 1990’s a small network was estblished with the mentioned institutions, as well as supporters from different universities like Wageningen, Aberdeen, Cork, later Fayetteville fromArcansas (USA). In the beginning of the 21st century the network became bigger. That time did Kiev join the Network, and started negotiations with Moscow Paralell to extended network leading by Warsaw University we applied for a EU Leonardo grant. The proposal was to develop the teaching and learning materials in the programme to a common approved standard. In order to improve the quality of teaching a set of commonly approved, standardized teaching materials had been eveleoped: Handbooks fo rmodules taught within 7 courses of the MBA programs: Public Policy, Economics, Management, Marketing, Finance, Operational Methods and International Agribusiness. Handbooks and case studies had been put on Warsaw University’s website and are now accessible for teachers and students from all academic institutions participating in the project. Materials had been developed by teams of experts in specific fields from different Universities.The whole set of materials was prepared in English. Another product of the project is the quality assurance standards applied by all MBA programs and an accreditation procedurefor the International Board. That time formulated the name AGRIMBA which is official name of the International Network on Agribusiness and Commerce.
Mitigation activities to reduce emission of agricultural greenhouse gases in Hungary
Authors: Lazányi János
Published: June 2016

Pressure on natural resources and the global environment have been identified as the most important challenges to maintain prosperity and improve environmental care. Agriculture is responsible for only a small proportion of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, but the sector is more closely associated with emissions of other greenhouse gases such as methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The global warming potential of agricultural activities defined as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in CO2 equivalents is relatively low in Hungary, when calculated per land area. However this difference decline, when a GHG emission is calculated per product unit, as yields are lower then in West European countries. Environmental load caused by agriculture is also low in Hungary, where increasing part of EU resources are used for the long-term preservation of natural resources and for the raising of awareness of sustainable farming. The strength of the environmental situation of Hungary, consist of several elements, such as the rich bio-diversity, the significant size of territories falling under natural protection, the extent and importance of forests and the low environmental load from crop production. Among the weaknesses the nitrate load of the animal husbandry farms, the increasing water and wind erosion, the soil compaction and degradation have to be taken into consideration. Climate change has high risk potential and the mitigation activities of the New Hungary Rural Development Programme (HRDP) are investigated in this paper with the aim to increase mitigation activities in rural area and reduce the causes of climate change.
Romanian insurance business trends and the International crisis effects on it
Authors: Joldes Cosmin , Horobet Alexandra
Published: June 2016

Is it interesting a 2 billion euro insurance market for the “old” Europe? “Not very much” one may say considering this figure represents no more than 16% of the insurance turn-over in the case of the most recent entry in the Romanian market, Groupama.The answer is still not as simple as that because “interesting” in business terms is not only about today, but very much about tomorrow. By the end of 2007 it was obvious that the Romanian insurance market is far from calming down. Not only that for the time being change is still the main real constant in use, but figures show that the market environment becomes more challenging than ever these days. The market situation showed that this allegation it was by that time more likely to be true than ever.
Cultural and social accomplishments of agricultural companies as contributions to the development of rural areas
Authors: Maier Petra , Homolka Jaroslav , Darabos Éva , Tikász Ildikó , Pető Károly , Nagy Adrián
Published: June 2016

Agricultural companies play a key role in enriching the cultural and social life of the rural areas in which they function. Therefore, these companies serve towards preserving a quality of life necessary for rural communities to survive and to develop rural areas. However, the financial, human resource and material expenditures necessary to sustain rural communities are difficult to quantify. These studies, on the basis of internationally focused case studies, attempt to measure, systemize and evaluate the charitable engagement of farmers.
The importance of equestrian tourism enterprises in tourism destination management in Hungary
Authors: Könyves Erika , Suta Éva
Published: June 2016

Hungary is the pioneer of the European Equestrian Tourism. Several thousands foreign tourists visited specific equestrian programmes already in the 1960’s and 1970’s.At the same times some hundred thousands of holiday tourists visited equestrian shows and programs organised in different areas of our country. From the beginning of the 1990’s equestrian enterprises (pensions, stables, specialized equestrian services) have been established. The equestrian tourism enterprises are well represented all over the country.They are well organised, the Hungarian EquestrianTourism Association integrates 80% of equestrian tourism enterprises. Uniquely in Europe, the voluntary professional qualification, called “the horseshoe qualification system” started in 1998. The most common quality categories are for entrepreneurs are 3 or 2 or 1 horseshoe. The system ofTourism Destination Management organizations could provide the background for the development of equestrian tourism enterprises as well.At local level these needs would be product development, the quality control and quality management, at regional level the most important aims could be the development of regional equestrian image and increasing the attractiveness of this image, finally hardening the positions of equestrian tourism destination.
Regional benchmarking process in cognac project (Coordination of RDI policies and their coherence with other policies in the Newly Acceded Countries)
Authors: Berde Ágnes , Völgyiné Nadabán Márta
Published: June 2016

In order to achieve the Lisbon objectives and create a knowledge based society, Europe needs to increase and improve investment in R&D. This requires improving the effectiveness and coherence of research policies at European, national and regional levels. The first cycle of application of the open method of co-ordination (OMC) to the 3% objective provided an overview of the Member States policies in a number of areas, facilitated mutual learning and led to a number of policy recommendations adopted by CREST in October 2004. The current regional benchmarking practice is made with in a 6th Framework Programme project called Cognac, which is the acronym for Coordination of R&D&I policies and their coherence with other policies in NewlyAcceded Countries. The project is focusing on two priority subjects: public research spending and policy mixes and SMEs and research. The project was supported within the first cycle of the RTD-OMC NET call. The benchmarking exercise tries to show the differences in the performance of participating regions. It supposed to choose the best regions at NUTS II level by the two priority topic of the project: “Public research spending and policy mixes” and “SMEs and research”. Geographically the analysis covers the area of the eight partnering regions.
Some aspects of accounting and management accounting during economic downturns
Authors: Dékán Tamás
Published: June 2016

Economic slowdown and downturn creates new situation for every organisation, no one can avoid facing to new situation created by the global financial-, and economic crisis.All of the organisational function should reconsider its own role within the company due to the new circumstances, Accounting and Mangement Accounting can not be exception, but they have more complex and emphasized role in these difficult times. In the following paper I can not avoid to mention some general statement about importance of accounting and accounting principles, while there are a number of criticalaccounting and financial reporting issues that accountants and auditors should consider.In the framework of the paper I can not face with all relevant issues of the topic, but after some general statement I would like to highlight some special area regarding to management accounting, which can be more important during these challenging time for decision makers and accountants.Regarding to balance sheet analysis its important to mention current debate about fair value comparing with historical cost from accounting point of view, on the other hand from the view of management reporting system I would like to highlight the importance of working-capital indicators. More practical topic is the crucial role of budgeting and forecasting during economic downturns, and at the end I would like to show why it is more important monitoring price variance and indirect cost allocation in these uncertain business circumstances.
Work organization and economic examination of breadwinning of rurality
Authors: Ferencz Árpád , Kalmár Rita
Published: June 2016

Agriculture has been and probably will be a significant branch in the south part of the Great Plain in the future as well. Besides the mass products and in many cases instead of them when forming the agricultural structure, this region has to pay more attention to the branches that were important in the past. Hungarian experts who are famous in foreign countries as well deal with these branches and they provide excellent products. The rules referring to these products are more liberal in the market places of the European Union and their development is not controlled by strict quota systems. In the south part of the Great Hungarian Plain a lot of unique products of excellent quality are produced. Here in this essay we would like to find the answer to the question how the two significant products of the southern part of the Great Hungarian Plain can provide the families with the income that they can live on.We aim at the economical examination of the cucumber grown in Méhkerék and asparagus of Homok. To do this we will apply the so called Standard Gross Margin. The agriculture of the states of the European Union is measured with the help of this method. It can also help us in the future to decide whether the different farms belonging to families are economically viable in Hungary.