bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation of the Survival Benefits of Metformin in Middle Eastern Patients With Type II Diabetes Mellitus and Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Al Omari Amal , Abdelkhaleq Hadeel , Al-Hussaini Maysa , Turfa Rim , Awad Nour , Hassan Manal M. , Alfaqih Mahmoud A. , Garrett Christopher R.
Published: June 2018

Purpose

Epidemiologic data from several populations suggest that metformin may decrease cancer risk and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and type II diabetes mellitus (DM). Although type II DM and CRC are major health problems in the Middle East, no investigations have been performed to test the effect metformin has on the outcome of patients with type II DM and CRC who are also treated with metformin.

Materials and Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1,902 patients diagnosed with CRC at King Hussein Cancer Center between January 2004 and December 2012, and identified 349 patients (18%) with type II DM; we censored the data of 28 patients because their antidiabetic medications were unknown. We then categorized these 321 patients into two groups: 192 patients treated with metformin (group A) and 129 patients treated with other antidiabetic medications (group B).

Results

Group A patients had significantly longer overall survival (89 months; 95% CI, 66 to 112 months) and progression-free survival (47 months; 95% CI, 15 to 79 months) than group B patients (overall survival: 36 months; 95% CI, 24 to 48 months; P ≤ .001; progression-free survival: 21 months; 95% CI, 13 to 29 months; P = .016). After adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, aspirin use, anticholesterol treatment, and CRC stage, group A patients had a 40% reduction in mortality (hazard ratio, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.4% to 0.85%; P = .005).

Conclusion

Our results support findings from other populations that patients with diabetes and CRC who are also treated with metformin have better outcomes than those treated with other antidiabetic medications.
Managing Patients With Relapsed Small-Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Gong Jun , Salgia Ravi
Published: June 2018

Despite high response rates to initial therapy, relapses are common in patients with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Systemic therapy after first-line failure remains important in the treatment paradigm of SCLC. Reinitiation of a previously administered first-line chemotherapy regimen is recommended for relapse > 6 months from completion of initial therapy. For relapse ≤ 6 months of initial therapy, sequential therapy with single agents is recommended. Clinical trial enrollment should be considered at all stages of treatment of SCLC. This review highlights the available treatment options in relapsed SCLC. In particular, we focus on prospective clinical trials demonstrating activity for the most commonly used agents in this setting. We end with a discussion on future directions and emerging targets with potential to improve outcomes in relapsed SCLC.
Cerebellar synapse properties and cerebellum-dependent motor and non-motor performance in Dp71-null mice
Authors: Helleringer Romain , Le Verger Delphine , Li Xia , Izabelle Charlotte , Chaussenot Rémi , Belmaati-Cherkaoui Mehdi , Dammak Raoudha , Decottignies Paulette , Daniel Hervé , Galante Micaela , Vaillend Cyrille
Published: June 2018

Recent emphasis has been placed on the role that cerebellar dysfunctions could have in the genesis of cognitive deficits in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). However, relevant genotype-phenotype analyses are missing to define whether cerebellar defects underlie the severe cases of intellectual deficiency that have been associated with genetic loss of the smallest product of the dmd gene, the Dp71 dystrophin. To determine for the first time whether Dp71 loss could affect cerebellar physiology and functions, we have used patch-clamp electrophysiological recordings in acute cerebellar slices and a cerebellum-dependent behavioral test battery addressing cerebellum-dependent motor and non-motor functions in Dp71-null transgenic mice. We found that Dp71 deficiency selectively enhances excitatory transmission at glutamatergic synapses formed by climbing fibers (CFs) on Purkinje neurons, but not at those formed by parallel fibers. Altered basal neurotransmission at CFs was associated with impairments in synaptic plasticity and clustering of the scaffolding postsynaptic density protein PSD-95. At the behavioral level, Dp71-null mice showed some improvements in motor coordination and were unimpaired for muscle force, static and dynamic equilibrium, motivation in high-motor demand and synchronization learning. Dp71-null mice displayed altered strategies in goal-oriented navigation tasks, however, suggesting a deficit in the cerebellum-dependent processing of the procedural components of spatial learning, which could contribute to the visuospatial deficits identified in this model. In all, the observed deficits suggest that Dp71 loss alters cerebellar synapse function and cerebellum-dependent navigation strategies without being detrimental for motor functions.
Selective reactions to different killer whale call categories in two delphinid species
Authors: Bowers Matthew T. , Friedlaender Ari S. , Janik Vincent M. , Nowacek Douglas P. , Quick Nicola J. , Southall Brandon L. , Read Andrew J.
Published: June 2018

The risk of predation is often invoked as an important factor influencing the evolution of social organization in cetaceans, but little direct information is available about how these aquatic mammals respond to predators or other perceived threats. We used controlled playback experiments to examine the behavioral responses of short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus) off Cape Hatteras, NC, USA, and Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus) off the coast of Southern California, USA, to the calls of a potential predator, mammal-eating killer whales. We transmitted calls of mammal-eating killer whales, conspecifics and baleen whales to 10 pilot whales and four Risso's dolphins equipped with multi-sensor archival acoustic recording tags (DTAGs). Only playbacks of killer whale calls resulted in significant changes in tagged animal heading. The strong responses observed in both species occurred only following exposure to a subset of killer whale calls, all of which contained multiple non-linear properties. This finding suggests that these structural features of killer whale calls convey information about predatory risk to pilot whales and Risso's dolphins. The observed responses differed between the two species; pilot whales approached the sound source while Risso's dolphins fled following playbacks. These divergent responses likely reflect differences in anti-predator response mediated by the social structure of the two species.
Cardiac plasticity influences aerobic performance and thermal tolerance in a tropical, freshwater fish at elevated temperatures
Authors: Nyboer Elizabeth A. , Chapman Lauren J.
Published: June 2018

Fishes faced with novel thermal conditions often modify physiological functioning to compensate for elevated temperatures. This physiological plasticity (thermal acclimation) has been shown to improve metabolic performance and extend thermal limits in many species. Adjustments in cardiorespiratory function are often invoked as mechanisms underlying thermal plasticity because limitations in oxygen supply have been predicted to define thermal optima in fishes, however few studies have explicitly linked cardiorespiratory plasticity to metabolic compensation. Here we quantify thermal acclimation capacity in the commercially harvested Nile perch (Lates niloticus) of East Africa, and investigate mechanisms underlying observed changes. We reared juvenile Nile perch for 3 months under two temperature regimes, and then measured a series of metabolic traits (e.g., aerobic scope, AS) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) upon acute exposure to a range of experimental temperatures. We also measured morphological traits of heart ventricles, gills, and brains to identify potential mechanisms for compensation. We found that long-term (3-months) exposure to elevated temperature induced compensation in upper thermal tolerance (CTmax) and metabolic performance (SMR, MMR and AS), and induced cardiac remodeling in Nile perch. Furthermore, variation in heart morphology influenced variations in metabolic function and thermal tolerance. These results indicate that plastic changes enacted over longer exposures lead to differences in metabolic flexibility when acutely exposed to temperature variation. Furthermore, we established functional links between cardiac plasticity, metabolic performance, and thermal tolerance, providing evidence that plasticity in cardiac capacity may be one mechanism for coping with climate change.
Update and extension of the ‘Equivalent Slope’ of speed changing level locomotion in humans: a computational model for shuttle running
Authors: Minetti Alberto E. , Pavei Gaspare
Published: June 2018

Controlled experimental protocols for metabolic cost assessment of speed changing locomotion are quite complex to be designed and managed. The use of the ‘equivalent slope’, i.e. the gradient locomotion at constant speed metabolically equivalent to a level progression in acceleration, proved to be useful to estimate the metabolic cost of speed changing gaits. However, its use with steep slopes forces to extrapolate the experimental cost vs. gradient function for constant running speed, resulting in less reliable estimates. The present study extended the model to work also with deceleration, and revised that predictive equation to be applied to much higher levels of speed change. The case of shuttle running at different distances (from 5+5 to 20+20m) was then investigated throughout the novel approach and software, and the predictions in terms of metabolic cost and efficiency well compare to the experimental data.
Global Firms
Authors: Bernard Andrew B. , Jensen J. Bradford , Redding Stephen J. , Schott Peter K.
Published: June 2018

Research in international trade has changed dramatically over the last twenty years, as attention has shifted from countries and industries towards the firms actually engaged in international trade. The now-standard heterogeneous firm model posits measure-zero firms that compete under monopolistic competition and decide whether to export to foreign markets. However, much of international trade is dominated by a few “global firms,” which participate in the international economy along multiple margins and account for substantial shares of aggregate trade. We develop a new theoretical framework that allows firms to have large market shares and decide simultaneously on the set of production locations, export markets, input sources, products to export, and inputs to import. Using US firm and trade transactions data, we provide strong evidence in support of this framework's main predictions of interdependencies and complementarities between these margins of firm international participation. Global firms participate more intensively along each margin, magnifying the impact of underlying differences in firm characteristics and increasing their shares of aggregate trade. (JEL D22, F14, F23, L60, R32)
Identifying and Estimating Neighborhood Effects
Authors: Graham Bryan S.
Published: June 2018

Residential segregation by race and income are enduring features of urban America. Understanding the effects of residential segregation on educational attainment, labor market outcomes, criminal activity, and other outcomes has been a leading project of the social sciences for over half a century. This paper describes techniques for measuring the effects of neighborhood of residence on long-run life outcomes. ( JEL C51, I24, J15, K42, R23)
Estimating Risk Preferences in the Field
Authors: Barseghyan Levon , Molinari Francesca , O’Donoghue Ted , Teitelbaum Joshua C.
Published: June 2018

We survey the literature on estimating risk preferences using field data. We concentrate our attention on studies in which risk preferences are the focal object and estimating their structure is the core enterprise. We review a number of models of risk preferences—including both expected utility (EU) theory and non-EU models—that have been estimated using field data, and we highlight issues related to identification and estimation of such models using field data. We then survey the literature, giving separate treatment to research that uses individual-level data (e.g., property-insurance data) and research that uses aggregate data (e.g., betting-market data). We conclude by discussing directions for future research. ( JEL C51, D11, D81, D82, D83, G22, I13)
Review of Global Tax Fairness, Thomas Pogge and Krishen Mehta, Editors
Authors: Weinzierl Matthew
Published: June 2018

This timely volume (Global Tax Fairness, edited by Thomas Pogge and Krishen Mehta) on the proper taxation of multinational enterprises argues that several feasible, near-term reforms could substantially narrow the scope for tax avoidance by closing information gaps, and it proposes more ambitious, long-term reforms that pursue coordination on the design, not just the enforcement, of tax policy. The editors construct an impassioned normative case that (legal) avoidance violates fairness because its negative effects fall especially hard on the world's poor, but their case could be bolstered by an appeal to the classical benefit-based logic behind the central aim of the reforms they recommend. (JEL D63, F23, H25, H87, K34).
Medieval Origins: A Review Essay on Campbell's The Great Transition
Authors: Chaney Eric
Published: June 2018

Bruce M. S. Campbell's The Great Transition: Climate, Disease and Society in the Late-Medieval World is a significant contribution to the growing literature that traces the roots of Europe's economic rise to the climatic and population shocks of the late medieval period. This review essay discusses the empirical, historical, and theoretical support for Campbell's view while highlighting that it struggles to explain why these positive effects were limited to Europe. It then hypothesizes that Europe's differential response to this shock reflected prior institutional advantages and provides some preliminary empirical evidence in support of this hypothesis. The essay concludes by examining Campbell's claim that these shocks contributed to Atlantic Europe's rise prior to the colonial period. ( JEL I15, J11, J13, N13, N33, Q54)
Role of extracellular matrix in breast cancer development: a brief update
Authors: Jena Manoj Kumar , Janjanam Jagadeesh
Published: June 2018

Evidence is increasing on the crucial role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in breast cancer progression, invasion and metastasis with almost all mortality cases owing to metastasis. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition is the first signal of metastasis involving different transcription factors such as Snail, TWIST, and ZEB1. ECM remodeling is a major event promoting cancer invasion and metastasis; where matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as MMP-2, -9, -11, and -14 play vital roles degrading the matrix proteins for cancer spread. The β-D mannuronic acid (MMP inhibitor) has anti-metastatic properties through inhibition of MMP-2, and -9 and could be a potential therapeutic agent. Besides the MMPs, the enzymes such as LOXL2, LOXL4, procollagen lysyl hydroxylase-2, and heparanase also regulate breast cancer progression. The important ECM proteins like integrins (b1-, b5-, and b6- integrins), ECM1 protein, and Hic-5 protein are also actively involved in breast cancer development. The stromal cells such as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and adipocytes also contribute in tumor development through different processes. The TAMs become proangiogenic through secretion of VEGF-A and building vessel network for nourishment and invasion of the tumor mass. The latest developments of ECM involvement in breast cancer progression has been discussed in this review and this study will help researchers in designing future work on breast cancer pathogenesis and developing therapy targeted to the ECM components.
Recent advances in deep brain stimulation in psychiatric disorders
Authors: Clair Anne-Hélène , Haynes William , Mallet Luc
Published: June 2018

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been offered to patients suffering of severe and resistant neuropsychiatric disorders like Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (TS) and Major Depression (MDD). Modulation of several targets within the cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits can lead to a decrease of symptom severity in those patients. This review focuses on the recent clinical outcomes in DBS in psychiatric disorders. Studies on OCD and TS are now focusing on the long-term effects of DBS, with encouraging results regarding not only the decrease of symptoms, but also quality of life. They also highlighted efficient adjuvant techniques, like cognitive and behavioural therapy and support programs, to enhance an often-partial response to DBS. The application of DBS for MDD is more recent and, despite encouraging initial open-label studies, two large randomised studies have failed to demonstrate an efficacy of DBS in MDD according to evidence-based medicine criteria. Last years, DBS was also tested in other resistant psychiatric disorders, as anorexia nervosa and addiction, with encouraging preliminary results. However, today, no target – whatever the disease – can meet the criteria for clinical efficacy as recently defined by an international committee for neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders. Consequently, DBS in psychiatric disorders still needs to proceed within the frame of clinical trials.
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in bio-aerosols from untreated TB patients
Authors: Patterson Benjamin , Morrow Carl , Singh Vinayak , Moosa Atica , Gqada Melitta , Woodward Jeremy , Mizrahi Valerie , Bryden Wayne , Call Charles , Patel Shwetak , Warner Digby , Wood Robin
Published: June 2018

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is predominantly an airborne disease. However, quantitative and qualitative analysis of bio-aerosols containing the aetiological agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has proven very challenging. Our objective is to sample bio-aerosols from newly diagnosed TB patients for detection and enumeration of Mtb bacilli.

Methods: We monitored each of 35 newly diagnosed, GeneXpert sputum-positive, TB patients during 1 hour confinement in a custom-built Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC). The RASC (a small clean-room of 1.4m 3) incorporates aerodynamic particle size detection, viable and non-viable sampling devices, real-time CO 2 monitoring, and cough sound-recording. Microbiological culture and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) were used to detect Mtb in each of the bio-aerosol collection devices.

Results:  Mtb was detected in 27/35 (77.1%) of aerosol samples; 15/35 (42.8%) samples were positive by mycobacterial culture and 25/27 (92.96%) were positive by ddPCR. Culturability of collected bacilli was not predicted by radiographic evidence of pulmonary cavitation, sputum smear positivity. A correlation was found between cough rate and culturable bioaerosol. Mtb was detected on all viable cascade impactor stages with a peak at aerosol sizes 2.0-3.5μm. This suggests a median of 0.09 CFU/litre of exhaled air (IQR: 0.07 to 0.3 CFU/l) for the aerosol culture positives and an estimated median concentration of 4.5x10 7 CFU/ml (IQR: 2.9x10 7-5.6x10 7) of exhaled particulate bio-aerosol.

Conclusions:  Mtb was identified in bio-aerosols exhaled by the majority of untreated TB patients using the RASC. Molecular detection was more sensitive than mycobacterial culture on solid media, suggesting that further studies are required to determine whether this reflects a significant proportion of differentially detectable bacilli in these samples.
Amodiaquine resistance in Plasmodium berghei is associated with PbCRT His95Pro mutation, loss of chloroquine, artemisinin and primaquine sensitivity, and high transcript levels of key transporters
Authors: Ndung'u Loise , Langat Benard , Magiri Esther , Ng'ang'a Joseph , Irungu Beatrice , Nzila Alexis , Kiboi Daniel
Published: June 2018

Background: The human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has evolved drug evasion mechanisms to all available antimalarials. The combination of amodiaquine-artesunate is among the drug of choice for treatment of uncomplicated malaria. In this combination, a short-acting, artesunate is partnered with long-acting, amodiaquine for which resistance may emerge rapidly especially in high transmission settings. Here, we used a rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei ANKA as a surrogate of P. falciparum to investigate the mechanisms of amodiaquine resistance.

Methods: We used the ramp up approach to select amodiaquine resistance. We then employed the 4-Day Suppressive Test to measure the resistance level and determine the cross-resistance profiles. Finally, we genotyped the resistant parasite by PCR amplification, sequencing and relative quantitation of mRNA transcript of targeted genes.

Results: Submission of the parasite to amodiaquine pressure yielded resistant line within thirty-six passages. The effective doses that reduced 90% of parasitaemia (ED90) of the sensitive and resistant lines were 4.29mg/kg and 19.13mg/kg respectively. The selected parasite retained resistance after ten passage cycles in the absence of the drug and freezing at -80ºC for one month with ED90 of 20.34mg/kg and 18.22mg/kg. The parasite lost susceptibility to chloroquine by (6-fold), artemether (10-fold), primaquine (5-fold), piperaquine (2-fold) and lumefantrine (3-fold). Sequence analysis of Plasmodium berghei chloroquine-resistant transporter revealed His95Pro mutation. We found no variation in the nucleotide sequences of Plasmodium berghei multidrug resistance gene-1 (Pbmdr1), Plasmodium berghei deubiquitinating enzyme-1 or Plasmodium berghei Kelch13 domain. However, high mRNA transcripts of essential transporters; Pbmdr1, V-type/H+ pumping pyrophosphatase-2 and sodium hydrogen ion exchanger-1 and Ca2+/H+ antiporter accompanies amodiaquine resistance.

Conclusions: The selection of amodiaquine resistance yielded stable “multidrug-resistant’’ parasites and thus may be used to study shared resistance mechanisms associated with other antimalarial drugs. Genome-wide analysis of the parasite may elucidate other functionally relevant genes controlling AQ resistance in P. berghei.
ANIMA: Association network integration for multiscale analysis
Authors: Deffur Armin , Wilkinson Robert J. , Mayosi Bongani M. , Mulder Nicola M.
Published: June 2018

Contextual functional interpretation of -omics data derived from clinical samples is a classical and difficult problem in computational systems biology. The measurement of thousands of data points on single samples has become routine but relating ‘big data’ datasets to the complexities of human pathobiology is an area of ongoing research. Complicating this is the fact that many publicly available datasets use bulk transcriptomics data from complex tissues like blood. The most prevalent analytic approaches derive molecular ‘signatures’ of disease states or apply modular analysis frameworks to the data. Here we describe ANIMA (association network integration for multiscale analysis), a network-based data integration method using clinical phenotype and microarray data as inputs. ANIMA is implemented in R and Neo4j and runs in Docker containers. In short, the build algorithm iterates over one or more transcriptomics datasets to generate a large, multipartite association network by executing multiple independent analytic steps (differential expression, deconvolution, modular analysis based on co-expression, pathway analysis) and integrating the results. Once the network is built, it can be queried directly using Cypher (a graph query language), or by custom functions that communicate with the graph database via language-specific APIs. We developed a web application using Shiny, which provides fully interactive, multiscale views of the data. Using our approach, we show that we can reconstruct multiple features of disease states at various scales of organization, from transcript abundance patterns of individual genes through co-expression patterns of groups of genes to patterns of cellular behaviour in whole blood samples, both in single experiments as well in meta-analyses of multiple datasets.
¿Ha crecido la clase media en el Ecuador? Un análisis mediante índices de polarización del ingreso para el periodo 2007-2014
Authors: Cabrera Cevallos Esteban , Buenaño Edwin
Published: June 2018

En este artículo se cuantifica la evolución de la clase media en el Ecuador entre el 2007 y el 2014, mediante el cálculo de índices de polarización y bipolarización del ingreso. Los resultados muestran que durante el periodo de análisis la polarización disminuyó de manera constante, debido a un desplazamiento homogéneo de los hogares de clases más bajas hacia clases más altas, lo que se traduce en un incremento de la clase media, cuantificada como proporción de la población total.
Observational Methods for Assessing Ergonomic Risks for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. A Scoping Review
Authors: Grooten Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas , Johansson Elin
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDS) are one of the most common causes of absence from work. Exposures in the work environment can cause or aggravate the impact of these musculoskeletal disorders and the identification of ergonomic exposures are essential in risk assessment. It is important to assess all three key indicators of these exposures (intensity, frequency and duration) for being able to estimate the risk level for the development of WRMSDS. Aim: This paper aims to give an overview of some of the observational methods that can be used for assessment of ergonomic risks in the workplace. Methods: This study was conducted as a scoping review of the medical and ergonomic literature and official governmental web pages in Sweden, U.S.A. and the Netherlands. Results: In total, 19 different observational methods were identified. We summarize our findings based on the body parts that were studied and what key indicators were assessed: 1) intensity of the workload (posture and force production), 2) frequency of the workload (e.g. repetitive movements), and 3) the duration of the workload (e.g. static work). In an appendix, we included a brief presentation of these methods together with the worksheet (if available) and the source reference of the observational method. Conclusion: For ergonomists that perform risk assessments, there is a large number of observational assessment tools available and it is important to understand that different methods can be used simultaneously to be able to estimate the objective risk levels for WRMSDS.
Cognitive Model of a Semi-Mechanized Picking Operation
Authors: Caro Martha , Quintana Leonardo , Castillo M. Juan A. , Zea Christian
Published: June 2018

Introduction: The current paper develops a pioneering approach to the human factors of picking operations, which are addressed from a cognitive perspective. Materials and methods: The model thus contributed is established through a qualitative methodology which, based on several theories, is articulated and applied to the real situation of a dry foods company’s semimechanized picking operation. Results: The results combine the cognitive architecture of the operation and its relations with logistic factors, in order to decrease human error and, therefore, increase service level.
Real-Time Bidding in Online Display Advertising
Authors: Sayedi Amin
Published: June 2018

Display advertising is a major source of revenue for many online publishers and content providers. Historically, display advertising impressions have been sold through prenegotiated contracts, known as reservation contracts, between publishers and advertisers. In recent years, a growing number of impressions are being sold in real-time bidding (RTB), where advertisers bid for impressions in real time, as consumers visit publishers’ websites. RTB allows advertisers to target consumers at an individual level using browser cookie information, and enables them to customize their ads for each individual. The rapid growth of RTB has created new challenges for advertisers and publishers on how much budget and ad inventory to allocate to RTB. In this paper, we use a game theory model with two advertisers and a publisher to study the effects of RTB on advertisers’ and publishers’ strategies and their profits. We show that symmetric advertisers use asymmetric strategies where one advertiser buys all of his impressions in RTB, whereas the other advertiser focuses on reservation contracts. Interestingly, we find that while both advertisers benefit from the existence of RTB, the advertiser that focuses on reservation contracts benefits more than the advertiser that focuses on RTB. We show that while RTB lowers the equilibrium price of impressions in reservation contracts, it increases the publisher’s total revenue. Despite many analysts’ belief that, because of being more efficient, RTB will replace reservation contracts in the future, we show that publishers have to sell a sufficiently large fraction of their impressions in reservation contracts to maximize their revenue. We extend our model to consider premium consumers, publisher’s uncertainty about the number of future visitors, and effectiveness of ad customization.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1083 .
Do urodynamic findings influence the approach to mid-urethral sling surgery for stress urinary incontinence?
Authors: Clarke Angela
Published: June 2018

Recent press coverage on vaginal mesh surgery has resulted in a change in how patients are counselled, managed and treated in the UK. For stress urinary incontinence surgical procedures such as insertion of tension-free vaginal tape are commonplace and generally performed as a day-case procedure. Effective and successful management of female urinary incontinence is difficult, even when using diagnostic testing where all conservative managements have failed, and this indicates a need to investigate further. Specialist texts in the fields of urology and urogynaecology argue that urodynamics can help inform the success of surgical intervention for stress urinary incontinence. The aim of this review was to look for evidence of practice where urodynamic findings are used to determine the successful outcome of mid-urethral sling surgery in females. A literature search to identify research on this topic was performed with appraisal of qualifying literature. The qualifying research included attitudes towards urodynamic studies among urogynaecologists and urologists, demonstration that urodynamics has been proven to influence changes in diagnosis and surgical approaches, and the capacity for urodynamics to predict successful outcomes in mid-urethral sling surgery. Analysis of the literature found no evidence to suggest that urodynamic findings can be used to determine successful outcomes following mid-urethral sling surgery.
MDMA toxicity: management of acute and life-threatening presentations
Authors: Davies Nicola , English William , Grundlingh Johann
Published: June 2018

Since the 1980s, methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been a popular recreational drug, used particularly among those who attend raves and nightclubs. Over the past 3 years, the popularity of this drug has once again increased and there has been an associated rise in deaths. The pathophysiology of MDMA toxicity is complex and much remains to be understood. This article aims to increase readers' knowledge of patient presentations, the pathophysiology behind life-threatening toxicity, current treatments and the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a potential future treatment.
Limitations of track and trigger systems and the National Early Warning Score. Part 1: areas of contention
Authors: Grant Steven
Published: June 2018

Evidence suggests that the identification and response to the deteriorating patient continues to be an ongoing concern, despite the widespread use of track and trigger score (TTS) systems. This article discusses the variations in the parameters included in the different TTS systems in use across the NHS and their sensitivity. Clinical guidelines and physiological theory are used to appraise the parameters allocated in the National Early Warning Score (NEWS 1 and 2), highlighting potential limitations of the tool. The findings lead to the conclusion that registered nurses should not rely solely on NEWS, but should use it to support their clinical judgement.
The technological imperative for value-based health care
Authors: Meinert Edward , Alturkistani Abrar , Brindley David , Knight Peter , Wells Glenn , Pennington Nick de
Published: June 2018

The overarching principle of a value-based health-care strategy is to provide higher quality care at a lower cost. To achieve the goals of a value-based healthcare system is highly dependent on the availability and the effective use of technologies. This article explores the potential for the use of technology to enable value and the key design factors associated with their implementation in a value-based health-care system.
Transformational leadership: is this still relevant to clinical leaders?
Authors: Lo David , McKimm Judy , Till Alex
Published: June 2018

Transformational leadership theory has been at the centre of health-care leadership research for the past three decades, has had a tangible influence on the evolution of NHS leadership development strategies, and is still evident in current frameworks. This article provides an overview of the key concepts and weaknesses of transformational leadership theory and discusses its relevance within the context of the NHS working environment.
Fit for purpose
Authors: Goddard Charlotte
Published: June 2018

Nursery World spoke to physical development expert Carol Archer about what needs to change within the current EYFS framework to encourage a more research-based approach to children's physical development. By Charlotte Goddard
50 Years of Gettier: A New Direction in Religious Epistemology?
Authors: Church Ian Michael
Published: June 2018

In this paper, I lend credence to the move toward non-reductive religious epistemology by highlighting the systematic failings of Alvin Plantinga’s seminal, religious epistemology when it comes to surmounting the Gettier Problem.  Taking Plantinga’s account as archetypal, I argue that we have systematic reasons to believe that no reductive theory of knowledge (religious or otherwise) can viably surmount the Gettier Problem, that the future of religious epistemology lies in non-reductive models of knowledge.
Communal Substitutionary Atonement
Authors: Thurow Joshua
Published: June 2018

In this paper I develop and defend a new theory of the Atonement - the Communal Substitution Theory.  According to the Communal Substitution Theory, by dying on the cross Jesus either takes on the punishment for, or offers satisfaction for, the sins of the human community.  Individual humans have sinned, but human communities have sinned as well.  Jesus dies for the communal sins.  As a result, human communities are forgiven and reconciled to God, and through the event of communal forgiveness, individual human sins can be forgiven as well.  Moving the focal point of atonement to communal sins has various advantages: well-known objections to satisfaction and penal theories are avoided, and many of the advantages of other theories of the atonement are organically integrated into the communal substitution theory.
Analytic Theology and the Phenomenology of Faith
Authors: Kirkpatrick Kate
Published: June 2018

This article argues that analytic philosophy has a “convincingness deficit”; that proponents of the analytic method’s application to questions of theology must consider whether it is the best tool for the purpose at hand; and that phenomenology – in particular, Sartrean phenomenology – provides a useful methodological complement to the scholarly analysis of faith. After defining the convincingness deficit and what I take analytic theology to be, I defend phenomenology against the charge of “subjectivity” (voiced by Dennett and others) in order to argue that the varied ends of theological discourse require varied means – means which include phenomenology.
Quantum Randomness, Hylomorphism, and Classical Theism
Authors: Spencer Mark K.
Published: June 2018

According to certain interpretations of quantum mechanics, the behavior of some physical systems is random—that is, certain current states of physical systems are related to other current states and the set of possible future states in a probabilistic, rather than a deterministic, fashion. This account of physical systems seems to conflict with the claim that there is an omnipotent God—that is, a God Who can efficaciously bring about any logically possible creaturely state, and Who can cause efficacious secondary causes—and so raises problems for classical theism. After explaining these problems, I provide a solution to them based upon a version of hylomorphism, which I call Theistic Hylomorphism with Randomness. On this view, it can be affirmed that the physical world is both random and in determinate states, and divine omnipotence can be upheld in a random world. After presenting this version of hylomorphism and showing how it defeats the problems for classical theism raised by quantum mechanics, I defend it against three objections.
Trajectories, Traditions, and Tools in Analytic Theology
Authors: Wood William
Published: June 2018

Analytic theology as currently practiced has an ambiguous character. It may be understood either formally, as any instance of theology that draws on analytic philosophy, or substantively, as a cohesive theological school that draws on analytic philosophy in defense of traditional Christian orthodoxy. Both conceptions assume that analytic philosophy furnishes “tools and methods” to the analytic theologian. Yet on the best recent accounts of analytic philosophy, analytic philosophy has no unique tools and methods. I argue that analytic philosophy should be understood as a robust and distinctive intellectual tradition. This understanding of analytic philosophy raises a worry for the emerging field of analytic theology, however: that analytic theologians might be more deeply grounded in the analytic philosophical tradition than in any tradition of theology.
Experiencing the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist
Authors: Cockayne Joshua , Efird David , Haynes Gordon , Molto Daniel , Tamburro Richard , Warman Jack , Ludwigs August
Published: June 2018

We present a new understanding of Christ’s real presence in the Eucharist on the model of Stump’s account of God’s omnipresence and Green and Quan’s account of experiencing God in Scripture. On this understanding, Christ is derivatively, rather than fundamentally, located in the consecrated bread and wine, such that Christ is present to the believer through the consecrated bread and wine, thereby making available to the believer a second-person experience of Christ, where the consecrated bread and wine are the way in which she shares attention with him. The consecrated bread and wine are then, in a sense, icons of Christ.
Why a Bodily Resurrection?: The Bodily Resurrection and the Mind/Body Relation
Authors: Mugg Joshua , Turner, Jr. James T.
Published: June 2018

The doctrine of the resurrection says that God will resurrect the body that lived and died on earth—that the post-mortem body will be numerically identical to the pre-mortem body. After exegetically supporting this claim, and defending it from a recent objection, we ask: supposing that the doctrine of the resurrection is true, what are the implications for the mind-body relation? Why would God resurrect the body that lived and died on earth? We compare three accounts of the mind-body relation that have been applied to the doctrine of the resurrection: substance dualism, constitutionalism, and animalism. We argue that animalism offers a superior explanation for the necessity of the resurrection: since human persons just are their bodies, life after death requires resurrection of one’s body. We conclude (by inference to the best explanation) that those endorsing the doctrine of the resurrection should be animalists.
The Theological Virtue of Hope as a Social Virtue
Authors: Cobb Aaron D. , Green Adam
Published: June 2018

Analyses of the theological virtue of hope tend to focus on its interior dispositional structure, shifting attention away from the social dimensions crucial to its formation and exercise. We argue that one can better appreciate the place of hope in Christian thought by attending to communal features that have been peripheral to or excluded from traditional analyses. To this end, we employ resources from the literature on the extended mind and group agency to develop an account of the theological virtue of hope as a socially extended virtue—that is, a virtue scaffolded by and enacted within a community whose practices are ordered toward a shared conception of human flourishing.
Colin Ruloff, ed. Christian Philosophy of Religion: Essays in Honor of Stephen T. Davis
Authors: Yang Eric T.
Published: June 2018

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Mats Wahlberg. Revelation as Testimony: A Philosophical-Theological Study
Authors: Skolits Wes
Published: June 2018

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OCIO DIGITAL EN LOS JÓVENES EN DIFICULTAD SOCIAL
Authors: Vasco Margarita , Pérez Serrano Gloria
Published: June 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN. Reconocer las dinámicas de ocio digital que los jóvenes en dificultad social llevan a la práctica en su tiempo libre es el propósito sobre el que se articula la investigación realizada. Con él se trata de responder, de manera educativa, a las necesidades observadas tanto por los profesionales como por los protagonistas de este colectivo. MÉTODO. Se ha implementadoun enfoque metodológico cualitativo articulado en un total de veintiuna entrevistas en profundidad realizadas a un conjunto de participantes compuesto por veintiocho jóvenes en dificultad social y veintiún agentes sociales de diversos programas socioeducativos. La transcripción literal de las entrevistas fue sometida al tratamiento informático del programa ATLAS.ti.7 que nos facilitó la interpretación de los datos para otorgar significado a la situación real estudiada. RESULTADOS. Como resultado del trabajo realizado se ponen al descubierto las características de este colectivo respecto a sus prácticas de ocio digital, así como el conjunto de actividades, valores y antivalores sociales que la tecnología virtual pone a disposición de los jóvenes de colectivos vulnerables. Además emergen de la investigación las posibilidades educativas que, desdela perspectiva de los participantes del estudio, nos ofrece el ocio que diariamente comparte este colectivo a través de la red. DISCUSIÓN. Se pone de manifiesto la necesidad de implementar una educación para el ocio digital arbitrada desde modelos de intervención socioeducativa concebidos específicamente para el trabajo con jóvenes vulnerables sobresaliendo, entre otras estrategias, aquellas que contemplan la participación y opinión de los verdaderos protagonistas de los programas educativos: los jóvenes.
LA IDENTIDAD NACIONAL EN LOS MANUALES ESCOLARES DURANTE LA SEGUNDA REPÚBLICA ESPAÑOLA
Authors: Sanz Simón Carlos , Rabazas Romero Teresa
Published: June 2018

INTRODUCCIÓN. El presente artículo se propone analizar las concepciones de la identidad nacional desarrollada en España en relación al resurgimiento de las identidades propias de diferentes regiones en la etapa de educación primaria durante la Segunda República Española (1931-1936). MÉTODO. Se han empleado la metodología histórico-educativa y hermenéutica para la revisión bibliográfica y el análisis de contenido para la exploración de los manuales escolares de acuerdo a un sistema de unidades categoriales, comprendiendo la identidad nacional, los nacionalismos, las ilustraciones y mapas, los personajes y etapas y la presencia de la mujer. Los manuales escolares han sido consultados en diversos fondos: desde el Museo Manuel Bartolomé Cossío de la UCM hasta la Biblioteca Nacional Española, pasando por el Proyecto MANES de la UNED y el archivo histórico de la Facultad de Educación de la UCM. RESULTADOS. En las categorías establecidas se identifican claramente dos modelos que conviven en los manuales escolares de este periodo y que reflejan una dualidad en la concepción de la identidad nacional durante la Segunda República: el conservador y el progresista. No obstante, en lo que respecta a la presencia de la mujer en los manuales, las diferencias entre dichos modelos resultan menos evidentes, conviviendo ambos. DISCUSIÓN. Se destaca la heterogeneidad de la ideología que hay detrás los manuales y de sus autores, lo que pone de relieve la libertad del profesorado en la elección del manual escolar. Además, se abren vías de investigación en historia de la educaciónsobre la depuración y censura en los manuales escolares de la Segunda República.
Sleep disturbance scale for children as a diagnostic tool for sleep disorders in adolescents
Authors: Herwanto Herwanto , Lestari Hesti , Warouw Sarah M. , Salendu Praevilia M.
Published: June 2018

Background. Sleep is an essential needs for every children. Sleep may cause a large effect on mental health, emotional, physical and immune system. If sleeping time is not sufficient, then sleep disturbance may occur. Objective assessment of the sleeping quality can be done by using Polysomnography and Actigraphy, while for assessing the subjectivity of sleeping quality and quantity can be used questionnaires or interviews. Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children or SDSC is a multidimensional sleeping assessment questionnaire.Objective. To determine the quality of sleeping in adolescents using SDSC.Methods. We conducted a diagnostic test study using cross sectional method, during March to April 2015 at the elementary schools in manado. The inclusion criteria were healthy adolescent aged 10 to 12 years, the parents were willing to sign the informed consent and answer the questionnaire, agreed to attach the wristactigraph. All datas were analyzed using chi square test and table 2 x 2 to showed sensitivity, specificity, positive predicitive value and negative predictive value.Results. Of 60 adolescents, 31 were female and 29 were male with the mean age 11.39 years. The results showed the sensitivity of SDSC was 80.6%, the specificity was 37.9%, the positive predictive value was 58.1% and negative predictive value was 64.7%.Conclusions. Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children is a good screening tool for early detection of sleep disorders in a adolescent.