bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formulasi Masker Peel Off Nano Dari Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Camelia sinensis) Pagar Alam Dengan Aktivitas Anti Aging
Authors: Mulyani Laida Neti , Dwi Handayani , Larasati Veny , Agustiarini Vitri , Margiati Asih
Published: September 2024

Pagar Alam merupakan salah satu daerah produsen teh dengan kualitas ekspor salah satunya adalah Teh Hijau. Tanaman ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber antioksidan karena kandungan senyawa polifenol golongan katekin yang tinggi. Seperti penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Tita (2013) menunjukkan bahwa kandungan antioksidan dalam ekstrak Teh Hijau 3,17Î¼g/mL. Berdasarkan hal tersebut ekstrak teh hijau sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan menjadi suatu sediaan kosmetika dengan aktivitas anti aging. Bentuk sediaan kosmetika yang dapat dikembangkan adalah masker gel peel off. Nanoteknologi pada produk kosmetika akan memberika kelebihan seperti kemampuan penetrasi ke kulit lebih efektif, pelepasan senyawa aktif dalam kosmetika yang lebih terkontrol, stabilitas yang tinggi, penargetan yang spesifik serta beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi in mampu  memperbaiki tekstur kulit dan merangsang pertumbuhan kolagen dengan menangkal radikal bebas. Oleh karna itu pada penelitian ini akan dilakukan enkapsulasi dan karakterisasi ekstrak etanol teh hijau (Camellia sinensis) serta formulasi serta evaluasi sebagai masker gel peel off dengan aktivitas anti-aging melalui uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode peredaman DPPH.  Tahapan dan Metode yang dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan pada penelitian ini antara lain esktraksi dengan UAE, identifiksi dan skrining fitokimia ekstrak, uji aktivitas antioksida  ekstrak secara invitro dengan metode DPPH.  Selanjutnya ekstrak di enkapsulasi dan dikarakterisasi ukuran partikel, PDI, transmitan, zeta potensialnya. Nano-ekstrak the hijau ditentukan aktivitas antioksidannya dan selanjutnya dilakukan formulasi pada nano-ekstrak serta dilakukan evaluasi dari sediaan yang dibuat. Berdasarkan hasil ekstraksi teh hijau (Camellia sinensis) Pagar Alam dengan pelarut ethanol dan metode UAE diperoleh rendemen sebesar 10,26% dengan kandungan senywa flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, tannin yang menunjukkan aktivitas anitoksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 98,6 Âµg/mL. Hasil enkapsulasi ekstrak menggunakan metode gelasi ionik dengan matriks Kitosan-TPP menunjukkan ekstrak nano-The Hijau memilik ukuran partikel 831,2 nm dengan nilai PDI 0,72 dan zeta Potensial 24,9 mV. Nano ekstrak Teh Hijau yang telah dienkapsuli menunjukkan peningkatan aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 6,51 Âµg/mL. Formulasi dan evaluasi masker Gel peel off nano-ekstrak teh hijau menunjukkan masker gel peel off memenuhi persyaratan dengan parameter sifat organoleptis, viskositas, daya sebar, waktu kering, pH yang masuk dalam rentang. Berdasarkan hal tersebut diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa nano ekstra dengan aktivitas antioksidan telah berhasil dienkapsulasi dan diformulasikan sebagai sediaan Masker pel peel off yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai suatu masker sebagai Anti aging.
Pemanfaatan Hasil Fermentasi Padat Monascus Purpureus (Angkak) Menjadi Sediaan Granul Effervescent Sesuai Standar BPOM
Authors: Rizkuloh Lina Rahmawati , Salsabila Adlina  , Susanti
Published: September 2024

Angkak merupakan hasil fermentasi padat beras dengan menggunakan kapang Monascus purpureus yang menghasilkan metabolit sekunder salah satunya adalah monakolin k, yaitu senyawa yang dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat dua formulasi sediaan granul effervescent dari serbuk angkak yang sesuai dengan uji mutu standar BPOM. Persyaratan evaluasi yang dilakukan meliputi uji waktu alir, uji kelembaban, uji pH, uji waktu larut, uji angka lempeng total dan dilakukan uji hedonik terhadap 20 panelis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa F2 (serbuk angkak 10%, PVP 2%, asam sitrat 20%, asam tartat 20%, natrium bikarbonat 40%, aspartam 1% dan laktosa 7%) adalah formula yang paling memenuhi syarat uji mutu standar BPOM dalam uji kelembaban, uji waktu alir, uji waktu larut, uji pH, dan uji hedonik. Namun pada uji angka lempeng total formula tersebut belum memenuhi syarat.
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Diagnostic Systems for Early Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy: Integrating Retinal Imaging and Clinical Data
Authors: Yang Yuqing , Wang Haiyang , Ji Chaofan , Niu Yitong
Published: September 2024

The global shortage of donor liver transplants poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems, with thousands of patients dying each year while on waiting lists This study examines the potential of technological liver transplantation 3D bioprinting and advanced stem cell technologies serve as solutions to address this important issue The goal was to create functional liver tissues that are complex structures of the natural liver and some of the important functions, and assess its viability as an alternative organ donor includes hepatocytes and other liver-specific cell types with an optimal pro-mesenchymal differentiation pattern stem cells ( MSCs). Research results showed that these compounds are capable of important liver functions such as liver function, urea excretion, pharmacokinetics, in vitro and in vivo conditions in addition to promising discovery together with early testing in animal models as a viable alternative that represents an important step towards biosynthetic implants.
Improving The Work Culture of Civil Servants Through Mental Revolution in The Ministry of Religious Affairs of Papua
Authors: Haisang Haisang
Published: September 2024

This study explores the effectiveness of the mental revolution program in improving the work culture of State Civil Apparatus in the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Papua Province. Using a qualitative approach, this study combined in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis to collect data from 25 key informants. Data analysis integrated transformative learning theory, cultural intelligence model, and appreciative organisational change theory. The findings indicate a significant improvement in the work culture intelligence of the State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in the Ministry of Religious Affairs of Papua Province, especially in the metacognitive dimension, and a surprising transformation of perspective in an initially resistant group. This study expands understanding of the intersection between transformative learning, cultural intelligence, and organisational change in religious institutions. The theoretical implications include the development of a new framework for change management that is sensitive to cultural and spiritual contexts in a highly diverse region.
Cell Phone Customer Experience: An Appraisal for GrameenPhone (GP) in Bangladesh
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad A , Joarder Mohd. H. R.
Published: September 2024

Research on customer experience is at an embryonic stage. This research embarks on a journey of exploring an appraisal of customer experience in the context of Grameenphone (GP), one of the largest cell phone companies in Bangladesh. The study includes five categories of services that the company is keen to deliver to its customers in order to raise customer experience and loyalty. The result of the investigation suggests that the overall level of customer experience at a modest stage, which highlights the fact that the company has a long way to go in order to achieve a super level of customer experience. In the end, the paper focuses on its limitations and managerial implications and future research.
Inflation in a small Open Economy: A Case Study of Sweden
Authors: Morshed Kazi Naim
Published: September 2024

The paper attempts to identify the leading sources of inflation and their switching behavior following a change in the exchange rate regime in a small open economy like Sweden. Before regime changes the leading sources of inflation were real GDP. exchange rate, money supply and the foreign price respective ly. In this period, the foreign impact-via devaluation and foreign price expressed in foreign currency-on domestic inflation was positi\ve. After the regime changes, the sources are exchange rate. import prices, money supply and real GDP respectively. In this period. the foreign impact-via depreciation and foreign price expressed in foreign currency-on domestic inflation is negative. ECM has been used in the empirical study.
The Mediating Role of Organizational Environment in Faculty Talent Retention: A Case Study in Bangladesh
Authors: Ashraf Mohammad A.
Published: September 2024

The objective of this paper is to analyze the mediatory role of organizational factors linking the human resource management practices and talented employee retention. To attain this objective, the paper employs the analytical technique provided by Barn and Kenny (1986). Human resource matrix is taken as a function of four variables such as compensation package, person organization-fit, challenging opportunity and training and development. Organizational factors also involve four variables such as working environment, organizational culture and policy, leadership behavior and teamwork relationship. The experiment has been accomplished in a private higher academic environment in Bangladesh collecting data from 54 talented faculty members. The results show that organizational environment plays an important mediatory role in linking human resource management and talent faculty retention. Thus, the findings of the study imply that organizational variables are at least equally important as important as the human resource variables in order to retain the talent retention in an organization. It is also important that this finding will not only contribute to formulate the retention strategy for an academic institution, but also for any non-academic organizations as well.
Willingness to Pay for Solid Waste Management System in Dhaka City, Bangladesh: A Socio-Economic Analysis
Authors: Barmon Basanta Kumar , Mohiuddin Kazi , Laila Nawshin , Islam Gazi Esha
Published: September 2024

The present study attempts to analyze the relationship between socio-economic factors and willingness to pay (WTP) for solid waste management in Dhaka city. Primary data were randomly collected from 120 households through comprehensive questionnaire. Four areas with varying income levels - Mirpur, Mohammadpur, Banani and Khilgaon - were purposely selected, because this study aimed to find a relationship between WTP and income of the households. Compared to Mirpur and Khilgaon, households with higher income reside in Banani and Mohammadpur. The findings of the study show that there is a positive relationship between household income and WTP for waste management. The residents in all four areas showed concern about solid waste management and the negative impacts waste accumulation has on the environment. Residents in unison also expressed their dissatisfaction with the quality of the existing solid waste management system. The study concluded that residents indeed are willing to pay more for better waste management, and this higher payment can then be used to enhance the existing solid waste management system - resulting in cleaner and more hygienic environment in Dhaka city.
The Relevance of Bernard Shaw to Our Times
Authors: Rao E. Nageswara
Published: September 2024

Abstract Conirary to gential as‘umptiton. Bernard Shaw's writing have contemporary relevance. His views on ttuelty to animals. censorship. democracy. medical profession. women's status CI r.. are all live Issues even today. His plea tin 11.11111a$Ni011 fur all coral tires is timely because of the mass slaughter of animals and birds, He disapproved censorship since It delays enlightenment. His comparison of tleimwracy m a balloon. stampede and auctim: is appropriate now. fits expose of the medical profession anticipates its unethical practices. He championed women's none before len:ittime Iwcame known. Shaw was far ahead of his times. Hence his ideas have continued relevance to us. These (prefaces rf mine an no awn ow rf date than the ds. or (Jtopia. or Ton: Junes. or Little Dorrit. or err,, she plats of ttrinophann and Euripides and she Socrarian Askew of Plato
                                                                                                                                                                                       -George Bernard Shaw 0938)
Introducing Listening to Adult Learners- 'The Fun Way'
Authors: Tofail Faria
Published: September 2024

Using songs to practice listening skills is not a new concept. However, in the context of English Language Teaching (ELT) in Bangladesh where listing remains the least practiced and most neglected of the four basic shills up till the higher secondary level of education , the very idea of listening to a recorded speech in a foreign accent far removed from whatever English they have been exposed to, appears to be quite intimidating to most learners, especially young adults in Bangladesh, are pretty much into English music, it can be used as both a familiar and interesting resource requiring minimum of logistics support, and enhancing student participation in promoting and developing their listening skills. this paper will also discuss issues relating to maximizing listening inputs in language classrooms by using songs, the kinds of songs to be chosen, and ways to use them effectively in such classes. Keeping in view the practical constraints of using listening activities in the language classrooms in Bangladesh, the paper sets out to provide useful suggestions on using songs embracing a whole spectrum of activities designed to promote acquisition, entertainments as well as production of the target language for adult learners.
The Romance and Reconstruction of National Identity in The Shadow Lines
Authors: Manzoor Nazia
Published: September 2024

What are some of the consequences of imagined nationalism in a post-colonial world, particularly at the sub-national level? In Imagined Communities, Benedict Anderson argues nationality is "imagined because the members of even the smallest nation will never know most of their fellow-members, meet them, or even hear of them, yet in the minds of each lives the image of their communion" (Anderson 6). Edward Said, too, writes about imagined geography in Orientalism where the Orient is a mere concoction, an imaginary space. While Anderson discusses nationalism, nationhood and nation-space (all the while blurring the line between the terms) in a broader sense, Said limits his discussion to the Orient. Inarguably, the people of a nation do share a bond, a closeness that they cannot deny. However, the question Anderson and Said prompt us to ask is how authentic is that imagined quality of an imagined geography/community?
Granice obowiązku weryfikacji autentyczności zapotrzebowań przez farmaceutę
Authors: Zapotoczna Zuzanna , Wielechowski Bartosz , Maluchnik Ewelina , Kaczyński Tomasz
Published: September 2024

The article addresses the issue of the scope (limits) of the obligation to verify the authenticity of the requirements issued by entities conducting medical activities such as ambulatory health services.
The starting point for the presented considerations is the recent jurisprudence of administrative courts, stating the loss of guarantees of proper operation of a pharmacy due to incorrect verification of the authenticity of requirements issued by entities providing ambulatory health services. This position raises legal doubts and requires in-depth analysis, taking into account the objective, the level of regulatory complexity and the functioning of the pharmaceutical market. The aim of this article is therefore to frame analysed legal issue and to start a scientific discussion on the interpretation and desirable shape of the current regulations in this field.
Wypadnięcie pacjenta z łóżka ortopedycznego (na podstawie wyroku Sądu Okręgowego w Gliwicach – II Wydział Cywilny, Ośrodek Zamiejscowy w Rybniku, z dnia 22 grudnia 2014 r.; II C 247/11)
Authors: Bączyk-Rozwadowska Kinga
Published: September 2024

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Zdjęcia online i prawnie chronione tajemnice: możliwe konsekwencje prawne publikowania zdjęć zwłok przez personel sekcyjny
Authors: Lewulis Piotr
Published: September 2024

Photographs of human remains, including those captured during post-mortem examinations, are occasionally shared on social media for various reasons, extending beyond purely scientific purposes. critical questions regarding the ethical and legal boundaries concerning the publication of such materials. Notably, there is no overarching legal prohibition on the photography and dissemination of human remains. Consequently, each case demands an individual assessment, grounded in the principles of criminal law, civil liability, and ethics, particularly in the context of medical practices. This article offers a comprehensive analysis of the potential legal frameworks applicable to instances where photographs of corpses, taken during or related to autopsies, are published on social media platforms. The analysis encompasses legal guidelines governing autopsy procedures, regulations protecting the confidentiality of preparatory proceedings, the safeguarding of professional and functional secrets, laws against the desecration of corpses, and the upholding of personal rights.
Glosa do postanowienia Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 5 listopada 2015r., sygn. V CSK 456/15
Authors: Ciechorski Jan
Published: September 2024

Gloss to the decision of the Supreme Court of 5/11/2015, V CSK 456/15
The Supreme Court in the commented judgment aptly pointed out that the conditions for admission to a psychiatric hospital in the application procedure (Article 29 of the Act on Mental Health Protection) as any reception without consent must be understood strictly, and thus can not be interpreted in a wide way. This means that the medical condition in the form of mental illness can not be extended to other psychiatric disorders, and the premise concerning the behavior of this person - inability to satisfy basic life needs - should be understood as a real life threatening situation in the long term, and there is a real opportunity to improve (not deteriorate) mental health as a result of admission. At the same time, compulsory admission should be treated as a last resort if it is not possible to prevent it through outpatient care or hospitalization with the consent of the patient. When adjudicating that placement without consent, the court should consider not only health considerations, but also the interests and other good of the patient. A person applying for such a decision by a court should submit a psychiatrist's position regarding the need for treatment in a psychiatric hospital. If this is not possible, it should make the necessity of psychiatric hospitalization and the reasons for not submitting the position of a psychiatrist in the justification of the application. Then the court should order a psychiatric examination of the person concerned.
Problem naruszenia dóbr osobistych wskutek wypowiedzi niekierowanych do indywidualnego adresata. Glosa do wyroku Sądu Apelacyjnego w Warszawie z 10 lutego 2022 r. w sprawie VI ACa 141/21.
Authors: Machała Wojciech
Published: September 2024

Referred decision of the Court of Appeals in Warsaw has a significant importance which can be seen on both juridical and social level. The analysis offered in this paper leads to the conclusion that the court has proposed some adjustment in the interpretation of criteria for infringment of personal values – like reputation or private life. Without objecting general prerequisites of direct and individual character of infringment, the court found that in case of generic statements regarding groups bearing specific feature it should be assument that such a statement refers to any single person belonging to such group, unless the it is expressly stated otherwise. It is irrelevant how numerous the goup is and how it may be described (open, closed etc.). In consequence, any person belonging to the group is authorised to sue for the protection of his/her own personal value (such authorisation has yet been denied in most cases due to the generality of the statement in question). The position of the Court of Appeals removes a significant obstacle against seeking effective legal protection against disriminatory speech. Therefore, the decision of the Court of Appeals should be welcomed and approved.
Ocena legalności prawnej terapii konwersyjnych w prawie polskim
Authors: Szeroczyńska Małgorzata
Published: September 2024

This text is devoted to the assessment of the legality of conversion "therapy" according to the current Polish law, and also considers the legitimacy of introducing an explicit ban on this type of "therapy".
The starting point for the discussion is the presentation of scientific findings on the etiology of homosexuality and the possibility of changing sexual orientation. Bearing in mind that current medicine points to the formation of sexual orientation during fetal life, talk of changing it after birth has no scientific basis. Thus, the use of any 'therapeutic' measures in this direction is devoid of a therapeutic aim, as it is, on the one hand, unattainable and, on the other, homosexuality is not recognised as a disease.
Given the uncertainty about what kind of "therapeutic" methods are proposed by the entities offering such "therapies", the legality of both medical and psychological, religious and non-therapeutic activities is discussed. The considerations pointed out that the mere consent of the person undergoing conversion "therapy" is not sufficient for the legalization of any of these activities; moreover, it was questioned whether it is possible to speak of informed and free consent in this case at all.
The analysis has shown that none of the activities proposed in the context of conversion "therapy" meet the requirements of legality. In spite of this, existing criminal and civil provisions do not provide full protection for people who have suffered harm as a result of undergoing such activities. Therefore, it seems justified to introduce explicit regulations prohibiting this type of practice, following the example of the requirements of international organisations and foreign regulations concerning both children and adults. In the context of these examples, the project submitted by Nowoczesna in 2019 on the prohibition of conversion practices was assessed.
Glosa do wyroku Sądu Apelacyjnego w Katowicach z dnia 26 czerwca 2015 r., sygn. I ACa 336/15
Authors: Ciechorski Jan
Published: September 2024

Compensation liability for the harm inflicted on the patient by the hospital before the health care reform of 1998. bears the State Treasury, not the healing entity arising from the transformation of the then hospital. At that time, doctors (medical staff) were treated like public officials, and the responsibility of the Treasury was paid uniformly for the scope of the empire as well as the dominium. It is not allowed to mix the contemporary nature of medical care with statements based on the provisions from the date of damage. It is necessary to apply the provisions from the time of the event causing the damage. However, even in the current legal situation, you can not be admitted to a psychiatric hospital as a service activity (it is not permissible to deprivation of liberty or direct coercion), but only as public authority. Such placement without consent is not only in the interest of the person, but also in the public interest.
Wyrok Sądu Apelacyjnego w Poznaniu z dnia 19 sierpnia 2015 r, I ACa 286/15
Authors: Nesterowicz Mirosław , Karczewska-Kamińska Natalia
Published: September 2024

Poznań Court of Appeal judgment of 19 August 2015, I ACa 286/15
Oprogramowanie medyczne jako wyrób medyczny. Wybrane zagadnienia prawno‑regulacyjne na tle rozporządzenia Parlamentu Europejskiego i Rady (UE) 2017/745 z 5 kwietnia 2017 roku.
Authors: Kałczyński Patryk
Published: September 2024

The aim of this paper is to analyze the changes introduced by Regulation (EU) 2017/745 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 5 April 2017 on medical devices regarding the qualification and classification of software as a medical device. The results of this analysis allow an attempt to answer the question of how far the new regulations ensure a balance between protecting the patient and user and ensuring the availability of innovative medical technologies. The assessment of the new regulations in the EU was made against the background of the regulations adopted for the approval of software as a medical device in the United States. Conclusions arising from the above assessment also include the author's proposal to amend the new regulations as a de lege ferenda postulate.
Obowiązek podatkowy wynikający z przepisów ustawy z dnia 26 lipca 1991 r. o podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych w sprawach o błędy medyczne oraz zdarzenia medyczne.
Authors: Bojarski Adam
Published: September 2024

The purpose of the article is to present the position of a taxpayer on personal income tax in case of receiving compensation, damages, annuity, temporary annuity and interest on them in the light of the provisions of Polish law, taking into account the provisions of the so-called Polish Order, which entered into force on 1 January 2022. In almost all cases the taxpayer is exempt from personal income tax. An exception is compensation or damages paid as a result of an out-of-court settlement from the health care provider's own assets. The author presented a de lege ferenda proposal to amend the provisions of the Personal Income Tax Act so that out-of-court settlements are exempt from personal income tax. The article has also been expanded to include cases involving medical events, with both the payment of compensation and damages on the basis of the ruling of the provincial commission for adjudication in cases of medical events and the amount of compensation paid under the Vaccination Compensation Fund being exempt from personal income tax. Regarding the interest exemption, this is possible if the principal benefit is exempt from personal income tax.
Effects of Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors on Meat Consumption Pattern in Iran: A Demand System Approach
Authors: Alizadeh Parisa , Mohammadi Hosein , Shahnoushi Naser , Saghaian Sayed
Published: September 2024

Meat as one of the most important resources of protein has a special role in human nutrition. Understanding the meat consumption structure of households is essential for planning and policymaking in this regard. In this research, we studied consumption patterns of meat products including chicken, veal, lamb, and fish for households in Iran (Mashhad city) using demand system estimation. The hypothesis of this study is that chicken is a necessary goods and other types of meat are luxury goods. Given the cross-sectional nature of the data and presence of zero expenditure for some households, we used the censored demand model based on a consistent two-step approach. For this purpose, at first, four Probit models were estimated to determine the factors affecting the probability of purchasing each selected meat product. After that, the probability density function (PDF) and the cumulative distribution function (CDF) were calculated for each selected meat product, and the Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) considering PDF and CDF was estimated for all types of meat using a non-linear seemingly unrelated regression. Also, the effect of demographic variables on meat consumption pattern was considered in demand system. The results of expenditure elasticities confirmed the hypothesis. The highest own-price elasticity was related to veal. Based on compensated price elasticities, all types of meat were net substitutes for chicken and chicken was also a net complement for all types of meat. On the other hand, the only substitute for lamb and chicken was veal, but with compensating income effect fish also became a substitute for them. So, in the event of an increase of the price of lamb and chicken, we recommend subsidizing the consumers with low purchasing power in order to increase the diversity of consumption of protein products. This can increase the consumption of fish.
Privacy Risks and Regulatory Challenges in Smart Grids and Renewable Energy Systems
Authors:   Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Rajca Mikołaj
Published: September 2024

Smart grid technologies are central to the global shift towards a more efficient and sustainable energy infrastructure, integrating advanced digital systems with traditional power networks. While these technologies offer significant benefits, including enhanced energy management and the seamless integration of renewable energy sources, they also introduce complex privacy challenges. The extensive data collection and real-time communication capabilities inherent in smart grids raise concerns over consumer privacy, data breaches, and cybersecurity threats. This paper critically examines these privacy risks within the context of evolving regulatory frameworks such as the GDPR, NIS2 Directive, and the forthcoming EU AI Act. The discussion emphasizes the need for innovative privacy protection strategies. Furthermore, the paper explores the role of anticipatory regulation in addressing the ethical dilemmas posed by AI and blockchain technologies in smart grids. By offering a forward-looking analysis of these challenges, the paper provides actionable insights for policymakers, energy companies, and technologists on balancing innovation with privacy protection. The conclusion highlights the necessity of international cooperation in establishing robust privacy standards that can support the sustainable development of smart grids while safeguarding consumer rights.
İndirekt Hiperbilirübinemi Tanısı ile Hospitalize Edilmiş Yenidoğanların Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Coşkun Hikmet , Bolat Fatih
Published: September 2024

Amaç: Sarılık yenidoğan döneminde sık karşılaşılan sorundur ve hastane yatışlarının en sık nedenidir. Bu çalışmada, indirekt hiperbilirübinemi nedeni ile hospitalize edilen geç preterm ve term yenidoğanların özelliklerini ortaya koymak ve etiyolojik faktörlerini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve yöntemler: İndirekt hiperbilirübinemi tanısı ile 1 Ocak 2009-31 Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasında hastaneye yatırılan geç preterm ve term yenidoğanlar çalışmaya alındı. Hastaların demografik ve klinik özellikleri, tedavi süreleri ve şekilleri retrospektif hasta dosyalarından elde edildi. Etiyolojik faktörler belirlendi.
Bulgular: 1 Ocak 2009-31 Aralık 2014 tarihleri arasında hastanemiz yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde takip edilmiş 4831 hastanın 412’si dahil edilme kriterlerini karşılayan indirekt hiperbilirübinemili geç preterm ve term bebeklerdi. Hastaların %54,6’sı erkek, %40,8’i ilk bebek, doğum haftası ortalama 38,3±1,1 ve doğum ağırlığı 3031±520 gram olarak saptandı. Vakaların %84,5’i yalnızca anne sütü alıyordu. Başvuru zamanı 4,6±2,6 gün ve serum total bilirübin düzeyi 18,6±4,7 mg/dl idi. Hastaların %29’unda ABO uyuşmazlığı, %10,7’sinde dehidratasyon ve %7,1’inde Rh uyuşmazlığı vardı. Ortalama yatış süresi 3,1±2,2 gün ve fototerapi süresi 44,8±22,8 saat olarak bulundu. 16 hastaya intravenöz immünglobülin verilmişti. 14 hastaya kan değişimi yapılmıştı. Serum total bilirübin düzeyi ≥20 mg/dl olan grupta erkek cinsiyet ve normal spontan vajinal yol ile doğan bebek serum total bilirübin düzeyi 20 mg/dl’nin altında olan gruptan istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek saptandı (her ikisi için p=0,02).
Sonuç: Yenidoğan döneminin sık görülen indirekt hiperbilirübinemi erken farkedilmesi gereken ve tedavi edilebilir bir durumdur. Nedeni hızlıca saptanmalı ve komplikasyon gelişmeden tedavi edilmelidir.
Evaluation of the Relationship of HBsAg Serum Plasma Values with HBV DNA and Other Serologic Markers in the Diagnosis of Hepatitis B
Authors: Karahan Hamdi , Çelik Cem
Published: September 2024

Objective: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections cause a major public health problem worldwide diagnosis and treatment of HBV infection is an important issue. Detection of HBV DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and demonstration of viral replication together with serologic and biochemical indicators are very useful in diagnosis and treatment. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between HBsAg serum concentration values and other serologic parameters related to HBV in the diagnosis of hepatitis B.
Methods: HBsAg, HBV DNA, Anti HBc IgG, Anti HBc IgM, HBeAg, and Anti HBe values obtained from blood sera taken from patients in Sivas Cumhuriyet University Application and Research Hospital Microbiology Laboratory between 2012-2020 were retrospectively analyzed from laboratory records.
Results: A positive correlation was found between HBsAg serum titers and HBV DNA and between HBeAg and HBV DNA. It was found that HBV DNA positivity rates increased as HBsAg titers increased. Similarly, it was found that HBc IgG positivity increased as HBsAg titers increased. HBeAg positivity increased with increasing HBsAg titers up to a certain point, while HBeAg positivity decreased after a certain titer. When HBV DNA results were compared with HBeAg results, the relationship between the two values was found to be significant.
Conclusion: We think that it is useful to investigate the relationship between serum concentrations of HBsAg and HBV DNA and other serologic parameters in the accurate identification of HBV infection and monitoring of treatment.
Pruritus: An Overlooked Symptom of Spinal Tumors
Authors: Bulut Gökten Dilara , Gokten Murat , Mercan Rıdvan
Published: September 2024

Background
Chronic itch is often associated with pain due to its complex nature. Neuropathic pruritus is defined as a debilitating form of chronic itching, about which not much is known to date. This condition may develop as a result of various neurological events and is associated with damage to the somatosensory nervous system, accounting for approximately 10% of chronic itching cases. Syringomyelia, transverse myelitis, radiculopathies, thoracic spine masses, brain tumors, strokes, and abscesses are among the conditions associated with neuropathic itching to date.
Case presentation
A 65-year-old female patient, with no known diseases and no regular medication usage, presented with a complaint of itching that had been ongoing for the past two years. Itching initially started in approximately five cm areas on the bilateral below-knee flexor surfaces. The patient, whose complaints persisted, was referred to the internal medicine outpatient clinic by dermatology. On physical examination, erythematous excoriated papules were observed in the areas affected by itching. The patient's blood sugar, liver and kidney function tests, complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, thyroid function tests, urinalysis, stool parasitology were all normal or negative. The patient reported a sensation of coldness in the same area, was referred to neurosurgery to investigate the etiology of possible neuropathic itching. The patient's spinal imaging, revealed a spinal mass. She underwent surgery performed by a neurosurgeon, during which the spinal mass was completely removed. She reported that her itching had completely disappeared post-operatively.
Conclusions
The concept of itching as a variant of pain is not very new. Any damage occurring in the central nervous system or peripheral nervous system that affects the neurons responsible for transmitting and processing itch can lead to neuropathic itching. Focusing on spinal cord pathologies, any condition that damages the spinal cord may cause itching, depending on the level of damage. In cases of itching with dermatomal localization, where pain, hot or cold sensations, and paroxysmal itching are present, additional imaging methods or investigations for etiology should be performed.
Ultrasound-Guided Lateral Crossed-Pin Fixation in Pediatric Supracondylar Humerus Fractures
Authors: Kılınç Seyran , Pazarcı Ozhan , Altunışık Muhammed Yasir , Aydın Burak , Aktı Sefa
Published: September 2024

Background: Closed reduction and pinning is the gold standard in the treatment of displaced pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures. With different methods of pinning available, iatrogenic nerve damage is one of the most common complications of this technique. In our study, we aimed to test the preventability of radial nerve injury in the ultrasound-guided lateral cross pinning technique.
Methods: The study included 30 patients who were admitted to our clinic between September 2019 and September 2020 due to supracondylar humerus fractures and underwent closed reduction with the lateral cross pinning technique under ultrasonography. Demographic and clinical data of the patients including age, gender, fracture type and side, arm diameters of the fractured and contralateral sides, the distance between the lateral condyle and the radial nerve (LCRN), the distance between the proximal K-wire and the radial nerve (PWRN), duration of surgery, and postoperative complications of the nerve were retrieved from the patient files and recorded.
Results: Fifteen (50%) of the 30 patients included in the study were girls. The patients’ mean age was 59.2±33.9 months. While 3.3% of the patients had flexion-type injuries, 30.0% had Gartland Type 2, 40.0% had Type 3, and 26.7% had Type 4 injuries. Eighteen patients (60%) had fractures in their left extremities. Type 4 fractures exhibited the biggest difference among all fracture types in comparison of the arm diameters of the fractured and contralateral sides (17.1%±5.5%; p=0.013). In the comparison of the PWRN to LCRN distance ratio, the difference was the highest in Type 2 fractures (23.3%±8.0%; p=0.027). None of the patients encountered postoperative iatrogenic radial nerve injury.
Conclusion: In pediatric patients with supracondylar humerus fractures, the swelling of the extremity increases with the severity of the fracture. This situation decreases inversely with the distance of the proximal K wire from the radial nerve. The ultrasound-guided lateral cross pinning technique is a reliable method in terms of ease of application and the determination of the nerve line to create a safe zone, especially in elbow injuries with excessive swelling.
Weaving the past into the future
Authors: Portalés Cristina , Gaitán Mar , Sebastián Jorge , Alba Ester , Fernández Marcos
Published: September 2024

Silk played a crucial role in driving progress in Europe, particularly along the network of production and market centres along the Western Silk Road. The silk trade not only facilitated the exchange of ideas and innovations but also had a huge impact on the economic, technical, functional, cultural, and symbolic levels. However, silk heritage has become critically endangered, despite the existence of many specialised European museums dedicated to its preservation. These museums often lack the resources and capacity to utilise state-of-the-art digital technology. The objective of this paper is twofold: to introduce SILKNOW, an interdisciplinary project funded by the H2020 Program of the European Union to preserve and promote the heritage of silk textiles, and to present the project results which were possible thanks to digital humanities.
Introduction: Digital humanities
Authors: Ferrer Valls Teresa
Published: September 2024

Over the past thirty years, a new discipline has been slowly but surely gaining ground in the humanities. It has come to be known as the digital humanities. At first sight, the concepts of the humanities and digital technologies do not seem to go well together, and it is precisely this prejudice that has led to its gradual acceptance in the academic world in Spain.
Weight Impact on Comparative Evaluation of Topographic Data
Authors: Borkowska Sylwia , Bielecka Elzbieta , Pokonieczny Krzysztof
Published: September 2024

The paper addresses the problem of weighting in an analysis that supports the selection of a categorical data set according to user needs. Using the Relative Change (RC) of the Compound Correspondence Index (CCI), it is shown that weights have a significant impact on user choice – reaching extreme values in both urbanized and forested areas. Decreasing the weights from 0.25 to 0.17 in forested and built-up areas resulted in the maximum variations that were seen in the hot spot maps, with cold areas generally corresponding to builtup regions and hot areas to forested areas. The analysis covers seven counties that are located in different regions of Poland: Pomerania, Podlasie, Mazovia, Greater Poland and the Beskidy Mountains.
Odors drive feeding through gustatory receptor neurons in Drosophila
Authors: Wei Hong-ping , Lam Ka Chung , Kazama Hokto
Published: September 2024

Odors are intimately tied to the taste system to aid food selection and determine the sensory experience of food. However, how smell and taste are integrated in the nervous system to drive feeding behavior remains largely unknown. We show in
Drosophila
that odors alone activate gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) and trigger proboscis extension reflex (PER), a canonical taste-evoked feeding behavior. Odor-evoked PER requires the function of sugar-sensing GRNs but not the olfactory organs. Calcium imaging shows that GRNs directly respond to odors. Odor-evoked PER is mediated by the Gr5a receptor, and is bidirectionally modulated by specific olfactory binding proteins. Finally, odors and sucrose co-applied to GRNs synergistically enhance PER. These results reveal a cell-intrinsic mechanism for odor-taste multimodal integration that takes place as early as in GRNs, indicating that unified chemosensory experience is a product of layered integration in peripheral neurons and in the brain.
Variation in thermal physiology can drive the temperature-dependence of microbial community richness
Authors: Clegg Tom , Pawar Samraat
Published: September 2024

Predicting how species diversity changes along environmental gradients is an enduring problem in ecology. In microbes, current theories tend to invoke energy availability and enzyme kinetics as the main drivers of temperature-richness relationships. Here, we derive a general empirically-grounded theory that can explain this phenomenon by linking microbial species richness in competitive communities to variation in the temperature-dependence of their interaction and growth rates. Specifically, the shape of the microbial community temperature-richness relationship depends on how rapidly the strength of effective competition between species pairs changes with temperature relative to the variance of their growth rates. Furthermore, it predicts that a thermal specialist-generalist tradeoff in growth rates alters coexistence by shifting this balance, causing richness to peak at relatively higher temperatures. Finally, we show that the observed patterns of variation in thermal performance curves of metabolic traits across extant bacterial taxa is indeed sufficient to generate the variety of community-level temperature-richness responses observed in the real world. Our results provide a new and general mechanism that can help explain temperature-diversity gradients in microbial communities, and provide a quantitative framework for interlinking variation in the thermal physiology of microbial species to their community-level diversity.
An arms race between 5’ppp-RNA virus and its alternative recognition receptor MDA5 in RIG-I-lost teleost fish
Authors: Geng Shang , Lv Xing , Zheng Weiwei , Xu Tianjun
Published: September 2024

The incessant arms race between viruses and hosts has led to numerous evolutionary innovations that shape life’s evolution. During this process, the interactions between viral receptors and viruses have garnered significant interest since viral receptors are cell surface proteins exploited by viruses to initiate infection. Our study sheds light on the arms race between the MDA5 receptor and 5’ppp-RNA virus in a lower vertebrate fish, Miichthys miiuy. Firstly, the frequent and independent loss events of RIG-I in vertebrates prompted us to search for alternative immune substitutes, with homology-dependent genetic compensation response (HDGCR) being the main pathway. Our further analysis suggested that MDA5 of M. miiuy and Gallus gallus, the homolog of RIG-I, can replace RIG-I in recognizing 5’ppp-RNA virus, which may lead to redundancy of RIG-I and loss from the species genome during evolution. Secondly, as an adversarial strategy, 5’ppp-RNA SCRV can utilize the m6A methylation mechanism to degrade MDA5 and weaken its antiviral immune ability, thus promoting its own replication and immune evasion. In summary, our study provides a snapshot into the interaction and coevolution between vertebrate and virus, offering valuable perspectives on the ecological and evolutionary factors that contribute to the diversity of the immune system.
An insight into impact of nanomaterials toxicity on human health
Authors: Qamar Wajhul , Gulia Shweta , Athar Mohammad , Ahmad Razi , Imam Mohammad Tarique , Chandra Prakash , Singh Bhupendra Pratap , Haque Rizwanul , Hassan Md. Imtaiyaz , Rahman Shakilur
Published: September 2024

In recent years, advances in nanotechnology have significantly influenced electronics manufacturing, industrial processes, and medical research. Various industries have seen a surge in the use of nanomaterials. However, several researchers have raised the alarm about the toxicological nature of nanomaterials, which appear to be quite different from their crude forms. This altered nature can be attributed to their unique physicochemical profile. They can adversely affect human health and the environment. Nanomaterials that have been released into the environment tend to accumulate over time and can cause a significant impact on the ecosystem and organisms with adverse health effects. Increased use of nanoparticles has led to increased human exposure in their daily lives, making them more vulnerable to nanoparticle toxicity. Because of their small size, nanomaterials can readily cross biological membranes and enter cells, tissues, and organs. Therefore, the effect of nanomaterials on the human environment is of particular concern. The toxicological effects of nanomaterials and their mechanisms of action are being researched worldwide. Technological advances also support monitoring new nanomaterials marketed for industrial and household purposes. It is a challenging area because of the exceptional physicochemical properties of nanomaterials. This updated review focuses on the diverse toxicological perspective of nanomaterials. We have discussed the use of different types of nanoparticles and their physiochemical properties responsible for toxicity, routes of exposure, bio-distribution, and mechanism of toxicity. The review also includes various in vivo and in vitro methods of assessing the toxicity of nanomaterials. Finally, this review will provide a detailed insight into nano material-induced toxicological response, which can be beneficial in designing safe and effective nanoparticles.