bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topographical anatomy of the septum verum and its white matter connections
Authors: Barany Laszlo , Meszaros Cintia , Alpar Alan , Ganslandt Oliver , Hore Nirjhar , Delev Daniel , Schnell Oliver , Kurucz Peter
Published: August 2024

The human septum verum represents a small but clinically important region of the brain. Based on the results of animal experiments, the stimulation of its medial part was recently proposed with various indications like epilepsy or cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury. The aim of our study was to present the anatomical relationships of the human septum verum using fiber dissection and histological analysis to support its research and provide essential information for future deep brain stimulation therapies. 16 human cadaveric brains were dissected according to Klingler’s method. To validate our macroscopical findings, 12 samples obtained from the dissected brains and 2 additional specimens from unfrozen brains were prepared for histological examinations. We identified the following white matter connections of the septum verum: (1) the precommissural fibers of the fornix; (2) the inferior fascicle of the septum pellucidum; (3) the cingulum; (4) the medial olfactory stria; (5) the ventral amygdalofugal pathway; (6) the stria medullaris of the thalamus and (7) the stria terminalis. Moreover, we could distinguish a less-known fiber bundle connecting the postcommissural column of the fornix to the stria medullaris of the thalamus and the anterior thalamic nuclei. In this study we present valuable anatomical information about this region to promote safe and effective deep brain stimulation therapies in the future.
Bayesian reweighting of biomolecular structural ensembles using heterogeneous cryo-EM maps with the cryoENsemble method
Authors: Włodarski Tomasz , Streit Julian O. , Mitropoulou Alkistis , Cabrita Lisa D. , Vendruscolo Michele , Christodoulou John
Published: August 2024

Cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged as a powerful method for the determination of structures of complex biological molecules. The accurate characterisation of the dynamics of such systems, however, remains a challenge. To address this problem, we introduce cryoENsemble, a method that applies Bayesian reweighting to conformational ensembles derived from molecular dynamics simulations to improve their agreement with cryo-EM data, thus enabling the extraction of dynamics information. We illustrate the use of cryoENsemble to determine the dynamics of the ribosome-bound state of the co-translational chaperone trigger factor (TF). We also show that cryoENsemble can assist with the interpretation of low-resolution, noisy or unaccounted regions of cryo-EM maps. Notably, we are able to link an unaccounted part of the cryo-EM map to the presence of another protein (methionine aminopeptidase, or MetAP), rather than to the dynamics of TF, and model its TF-bound state. Based on these results, we anticipate that cryoENsemble will find use for challenging heterogeneous cryo-EM maps for biomolecular systems encompassing dynamic components.
Novel multifibrillar carbon and oxidation-stable carbon/ceramic hybrid fibers consisting of thousands of individual nanofibers with high tensile strength
Authors: Denk Jakob , Liao Xiaojian , Knolle Wolfgang , Kahnt Axel , Greiner Andreas , Schafföner Stefan , Agarwal Seema , Motz Günter
Published: August 2024

In this study, multifibrillar carbon and carbon/ceramic (C/SiCON) fibers consisting of thousands of single nanofibers are continuously manufactured. The process starts with electrospinning of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and PAN/oligosilazane precursors resulting in poorly aligned polymer fibers. Subsequent stretching leads to parallel aligned multifibrillar fibers, which are continuously stabilized and pyrolyzed to C or C/SiCON hybrid fibers. The multifibrillar carbon fibers show a high tensile strength of 911 MPa and Young’s modulus of 154 GPa, whereas the multifibrillar C/SiCON fibers initially have only tensile strengths of 407 MPa and Young’s modulus of 77 GPa, due to sticking of the nanofibers during the stabilization in air. Additional curing with electron beam radiation, results in a remarkable increase in tensile strength of 707 MPa and Young's modulus of 98 GPa. The good mechanical properties are highlighted by the low linear density of the multifibrillar C/SiCON fibers (~ 1 tex) compared to conventional C and SiC fiber bundles (~ 200 tex). In combination with the large surface area of the fibers better mechanical properties of respective composites with a reduced fiber content can be achieved. In addition, the developed approach offers high potential to produce advanced endless multifibrillar carbon and C/SiCON nanofibers in an industrial scale.
Detection and differentiation of low virulence and virulent Orthoavulavirus javaense using a molecular beacon with RT-LAMP
Authors: Mears Megan C. , Olivier Timothy L. , Williams-Coplin Dawn , Espinoza Edna , Bakre Abhijeet
Published: August 2024

Newcastle disease (ND), an economically important disease in poultry, is caused by virulent strains of the genetically diverse Orthoavulavirus javaense (OAVJ). Laboratories rely on quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect OAVJ and differentiate between OAVJ pathotypes. This study demonstrates that a fusion cleavage site based molecular beacon with reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (MB-RT-LAMP) assay can detect and differentiate OAVJ pathotypes in a single assay. Data show that the assay can rapidly identify diverse OAVJ genotypes with sensitivity only one log-fold lower than the current fusion qRT-PCR assay (104 copies), exhibits a high degree of specificity for OAVJ, and the molecular beacon can differentiate mesogenic/velogenic sequences from lentogenic sequences. Further, data show that a two-minute rapid lysis protocol preceding MB-RT-LAMP can detect and differentiate OAVJ RNA from both spiked samples and oropharyngeal swabs without the need for RNA isolation. As the MB-RT-LAMP assay can rapidly detect and discriminate between lentogenic and mesogenic/velogenic sequences of OAVJ within one assay, without the need for RNA isolation, and is adaptable to existing veterinary diagnostic laboratory workflow without additional equipment, this assay could be a rapid primary screening tool before qRT-PCR based validation in resource limited settings.
Serum levels of biomarkers related to severity staging of Raynaud’s phenomenon, neurosensory manifestations, and vibration exposure in patients with hand-arm vibration injury
Authors: Tekavec Eva , Nilsson Tohr , Dahlin Lars B. , Huynh Elizabeth , Nordander Catarina , Riddar Jakob , Kåredal Monica
Published: August 2024

Our aim was to explore possible relationships between serum levels of biomarkers in patients with hand-arm vibration injury in relation to the severity of the vascular, i.e., Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP), and neurosensory manifestations, the current exposure level, and the duration of exposure. This study was of case series design and involved 92 patients diagnosed with hand-arm vibration injury. Jonckheere’s trend test was used to assess any association between serum levels of biomarkers and RP as well as neurosensory manifestations, graded by the International Consensus Criteria. Generalized linear models with adjustment for possible confounders were also used for associations between serum levels of biomarkers and; (1) severity of RP recorded as the extent of finger blanching calculated with Griffin score, (2) vibration perception thresholds, (3) magnitude of current exposure as [A(8); (m/s2)] value, and (4) the duration of exposure in years. Serum levels of thrombomodulin, von Willebrand factor, calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP), heat shock protein 27, and caspase-3 were positively associated with severity of RP. Serum levels of CGRP were positively associated with the neurosensory component. No associations with exposure were shown for these biomarkers. For Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, no associations were found with neither severity nor exposure. Levels of serum biomarkers associated with endothelial injury or dysfunction, inflammation, vasodilation, neuroprotection, and apoptosis were positively associated with the severity of hand-arm vibration injury.
Analysis of homodimer formation in 12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 in solutio and crystallo challenges the physiological role of the dimer
Authors: Kerschbaumer Bianca , Macheroux Peter , Bijelic Aleksandar
Published: August 2024

12-oxophytodienoate reductase 3 (OPR3) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of jasmonoyl-L-isoleucine, the receptor-active form of jasmonic acid and crucial signaling molecule in plant defense. OPR3 was initially crystallized as a self-inhibitory dimer, implying that homodimerization regulates enzymatic activity in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Since a sulfate ion is bound to Y364, mimicking a phosphorylated tyrosine, it was suggested that dimer formation might be controlled by reversible phosphorylation of Y364 in vivo. To investigate OPR3 homodimerization and its potential physiological role in more detail, we performed analytical gel filtration and dynamic light scattering on wild-type OPR3 and three variants (R283D, R283E, and Y364P). The experiments revealed a rapid and highly sensitive monomer–dimer equilibrium for all OPR3 constructs. We crystallized all constructs with and without sulfate to examine its effect on the dimerization process and whether reversible phosphorylation of Y364 triggers homodimerization in vivo. All OPR3 constructs crystallized in their monomeric and dimeric forms independent of the presence of sulfate. Even variant Y364P, lacking the putative phosphorylation site, was crystallized as a self-inhibitory homodimer, indicating that Y364 is not required for dimerization. Generally, the homodimer is relatively weak, and our results raise doubts about its physiological role in regulating jasmonate biosynthesis.
Controlled labelling of tracer antibodies for time-resolved fluorescence-based immunoassays
Authors: Kushnarova-Vakal Anastasiia , Aalto Rami , Huovinen Tuomas , Wittfooth Saara , Lamminmäki Urpo
Published: August 2024

Tracer antibodies, which are labelled with fluorescent or other type of reporter molecules, are widely employed in diagnostic immunoassays. Time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA), recognized as one of the most sensitive immunoassay techniques, utilizes tracers labelled with lanthanide ion (Ln) chelates. The conventional approach for conjugating isothiocyanate (ITC) Ln-chelates to antibodies involves random chemical targeting of the primary amino group of Lys residues, requiring typically overnight exposure to an elevated pH of 9–9.3 and leading to heterogeneity. Moreover, efforts to enhance the sensitivity of the assays by introducing a higher number of Ln-chelates per tracer antibody are associated with an elevated risk of targeting critical amino acid residues in the binding site, compromising the binding properties of the antibody. Herein, we report a method to precisely label recombinant antibodies with a defined number of Ln-chelates in a well-controlled manner by employing the SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein ligation technology. We demonstrate the functionality of the method with a full-length recombinant antibody (IgG) as well as an antibody fragment by producing site-specifically labelled antibodies for TRFIA for cardiac troponin I (cTnI) detection with a significant improvement in assay sensitivity compared to that with conventionally labelled tracer antibodies. Overall, our data clearly illustrates the benefits of the site-specific labelling strategy for generating high-performing tracer antibodies for TRF immunoassays.
Impact of climate-smart agriculture practices on multidimensional poverty among coastal farmers in Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Karimul , Farjana Fariha
Published: August 2024

Climate-smart agriculture technology helps safeguard crop income from climate change-induced crop loss. Here we identify the factors determining the adoption of climate-smart agriculture and the impact of its adoption on multidimensional poverty among coastal climate-vulnerable farm households. We employ full information maximum likelihood estimation under the endogenous switching regression approach to account for counterfactual scenarios. Results indicate that the decision to adopt climate-smart agriculture is influenced by crop vulnerability, crop income, access to extension service, and training on input management. The current adopters of climate-smart agriculture experience a 41-percentage point reduction in multidimensional poverty compared to if they had not adopted this technique. Likewise, if the current non-adopters adopted climate-smart technology they could reduce poverty by 15 percentage points. Findings also claim that some specific climate-smart technologies are particularly effective in reducing poverty, providing valuable information to coastal farmers in making informed decisions about which technologies may be effective.
Robots are both anthropomorphized and dehumanized when harmed intentionally
Authors: Wieringa Marieke S. , Müller Barbara C. N. , Bijlstra Gijsbert , Bosse Tibor
Published: August 2024

The harm-made mind phenomenon implies that witnessing intentional harm towards agents with ambiguous minds, such as robots, leads to augmented mind perception in these agents. We conducted two replications of previous work on this effect and extended it by testing if robots that detect and simulate emotions elicit a stronger harm-made mind effect than robots that do not. Additionally, we explored if someone is perceived as less prosocial when harming a robot compared to treating it kindly. The harm made mind-effect was replicated: participants attributed a higher capacity to experience pain to the robot when it was harmed, compared to when it was not harmed. We did not find evidence that this effect was influenced by the robot’s ability to detect and simulate emotions. There were significant but conflicting direct and indirect effects of harm on the perception of mind in the robot: while harm had a positive indirect effect on mind perception in the robot through the perceived capacity for pain, the direct effect of harm on mind perception was negative. This suggests that robots are both anthropomorphized and dehumanized when harmed intentionally. Additionally, the results showed that someone is perceived as less prosocial when harming a robot compared to treating it kindly.
Time-resolved interactome profiling deconvolutes secretory protein quality control dynamics
Authors: Wright Madison T , Timalsina Bibek , Garcia Lopez Valeria , Hermanson Jake N , Garcia Sarah , Plate Lars
Published: August 2024

Many cellular processes are governed by protein–protein interactions that require tight spatial and temporal regulation. Accordingly, it is necessary to understand the dynamics of these interactions to fully comprehend and elucidate cellular processes and pathological disease states. To map de novo protein–protein interactions with time resolution at an organelle-wide scale, we developed a quantitative mass spectrometry method, time-resolved interactome profiling (TRIP). We apply TRIP to elucidate aberrant protein interaction dynamics that lead to the protein misfolding disease congenital hypothyroidism. We deconvolute altered temporal interactions of the thyroid hormone precursor thyroglobulin with pathways implicated in hypothyroidism pathophysiology, such as Hsp70-/90-assisted folding, disulfide/redox processing, and N-glycosylation. Functional siRNA screening identified VCP and TEX264 as key protein degradation components whose inhibition selectively rescues mutant prohormone secretion. Ultimately, our results provide novel insight into the temporal coordination of protein homeostasis, and our TRIP method should find broad applications in investigating protein-folding diseases and cellular processes.
The MondoA-dependent TXNIP/GDF15 axis predicts oxaliplatin response in colorectal adenocarcinomas
Authors: Deng Jinhai , Pan Teng , Wang Dan , Hong Yourae , Liu Zaoqu , Zhou Xingang , An Zhengwen , Li Lifeng , Alfano Giovanna , Li Gang , Dolcetti Luigi , Evans Rachel , Vicencio Jose M , Vlckova Petra , Chen Yue , Monypenny James , Gomes Camila Araujo De Carvalho , Weitsman Gregory , Ng Kenrick , McCarthy Caitlin , Yang Xiaoping , Hu Zedong , Porter Joanna C , Tape Christopher J , Yin Mingzhu , Wei Fengxiang , Rodriguez-Justo Manuel , Zhang Jin , Tejpar Sabine , Beatson Richard , Ng Tony
Published: August 2024

Chemotherapy, the standard of care treatment for cancer patients with advanced disease, has been increasingly recognized to activate host immune responses to produce durable outcomes. Here, in colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) we identify oxaliplatin-induced Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein (TXNIP), a MondoA-dependent tumor suppressor gene, as a negative regulator of Growth/Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF15). GDF15 is a negative prognostic factor in CRC and promotes the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs), which inhibit CD8 T-cell activation. Intriguingly, multiple models including patient-derived tumor organoids demonstrate that the loss of TXNIP and GDF15 responsiveness to oxaliplatin is associated with advanced disease or chemotherapeutic resistance, with transcriptomic or proteomic GDF15/TXNIP ratios showing potential as a prognostic biomarker. These findings illustrate a potentially common pathway where chemotherapy-induced epithelial oxidative stress drives local immune remodeling for patient benefit, with disruption of this pathway seen in refractory or advanced cases.
Inhibition of GSK3α,β rescues cognitive phenotypes in a preclinical mouse model of CTNNB1 syndrome
Authors: Alexander Jonathan M , Vazquez-Ramirez Leeanne , Lin Crystal , Antonoudiou Pantelis , Maguire Jamie , Wagner Florence , Jacob Michele H
Published: August 2024

CTNNB1 syndrome is a rare monogenetic disorder caused by CTNNB1 de novo pathogenic heterozygous loss-of-function variants that result in cognitive and motor disabilities. Treatment is currently lacking; our study addresses this critical need. CTNNB1 encodes β-catenin which is essential for normal brain function via its dual roles in cadherin-based synaptic adhesion complexes and canonical Wnt signal transduction. We have generated a Ctnnb1 germline heterozygous mouse line that displays cognitive and motor deficits, resembling key features of CTNNB1 syndrome in humans. Compared with wild-type littermates, Ctnnb1 heterozygous mice also exhibit decreases in brain β-catenin, β-catenin association with N-cadherin, Wnt target gene expression, and Na/K ATPases, key regulators of changes in ion gradients during high activity. Consistently, hippocampal neuron functional properties and excitability are altered. Most important, we identify a highly selective inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)3α,β that significantly normalizes the phenotypes to closely meet wild-type littermate levels. Our data provide new insights into brain molecular and functional changes, and the first evidence for an efficacious treatment with therapeutic potential for individuals with CTNNB1 syndrome.
A review: early detection of oral cancer biomarkers using microfluidic colorimetric point-of-care devices
Authors: Balapure Aniket , Dubey Satish Kumar , Javed Arshad , Chattopadhyay Samit , Goel Sanket
Published: August 2024

A comprehensive salivary biomarker study for oral cancer identification is carried out. Lateral flow assays (LFAs) and paper-based devices, for low-resource settings, have been extensively examined.
Early-stage biosynthesis of phenalinolactone diterpenoids involves sequential prenylation, epoxidation, and cyclization
Authors: Alsup Tyler A. , Li Zining , McCadden Caitlin A. , Jagels Annika , Łomowska-Keehner Diana P. , Marshall Erin M. , Dong Liao-Bin , Loesgen Sandra , Rudolf Jeffrey D.
Published: August 2024

The first key steps in the biosynthesis of the phenalinolactones were investigated using heterologous expression of four core genes that are conserved in this family of bacterial meroterpenoids.
Synthesis of tetralone and indanone derivatives via cascade reductive Friedel–Crafts alkylation/cyclization of keto acids/esters
Authors: Yadav Naveen , Mahato Rina , Khan Jabir , Jaiswal Harshit , Hazra Chinmoy Kumar
Published: August 2024

We disclose herein a metal-free cascade reductive Friedel–Crafts alkylation/cyclization of keto acids/esters for the synthesis of tetralones and indanones.
Indirect and direct electronic transitions and electron transport properties of van der Waals NbOCl2
Authors: Wang Yi , Wu Yuqiang , Sun Mengtao
Published: August 2024

We found that the strong absorption of NbOCl2 in the infrared region is caused by the indirect transition accompanied by phonons, and this process can be quantitatively proved.
Two-dimensional antimonene as a potential candidate for dioxin capture
Authors: Meshhal Moyassar , Ahmed Ashour A. , Shibl Mohamed F. , Aziz Saadullah , Kühn Oliver , Soliman Kamal A.
Published: August 2024

Antimonene, with its high specific surface area and electronic properties, and doped-antimonene have shown, through DFT calculations, superior capability for dioxin capture, outperforming other nanomaterials in adsorption energy and stability.
New mononuclear Cu(i) compounds: synthesis, characterization, and application to the electroreduction of CO2
Authors: Arévalo Alma , Juárez-Francisco Enrique , Roa Diego A. , Flores-Alamo Marcos , García Juventino J.
Published: August 2024

We disclose the preparation and complete characterization of four new copper-based compounds used in the selective electrocatalytic activation of CO2 to produce oxalate. Additionally, key mechanistic insights are included.
pKaH values and θH angles of phosphanes to predict their electronic and steric parameters
Authors: Pikma Marta-Lisette , Tshepelevitsh Sofja , Selberg Sigrid , Kaljurand Ivari , Leito Ivo , Kütt Agnes
Published: August 2024

pKaH values and θCPC or θH angles to fast track preliminary assessment of phosphanes.
Lessons from recent theoretical treatments of Al–M bonds (M = Fe, Cu, Ag, Au) that capture CO2
Authors: Subasinghe S. M. Supundrika , Mankad Neal P.
Published: August 2024

A survey of recent theoretical treatments of Al–M bonds that activate CO2 is given, with an emphasis on extracting lessons to guide future studies.
In situ generation of organocalcium compounds for a calcium-based Grignard-type chemistry
Authors: Sengupta Simon , Krieck Sven , Westerhausen Matthias
Published: August 2024

The in situ generation of the highly reactive organocalcium reagent and its immediate application offers not only a loophole to organocalcium reagents but opens the entry to a rich organic chemistry of this non-toxic and globally abundant element.
Emerging investigator series: predicted losses of sulfur and selenium in european soils using machine learning: a call for prudent model interrogation and selection
Authors: Jones Gerrad D. , Insinga Logan , Droz Boris , Feinberg Aryeh , Stenke Andrea , Smith Jo , Smith Pete , Winkel Lenny H. E.
Published: August 2024

Changes in soil organic carbon, evapotranspiration, and S and Se atmospheric deposition are predicted to decrease S and Se concentrations in Europe soils.
Non-covalent adsorption of neurotransmission-relevant proteins on locally laser-oxidized and pristine graphene
Authors: Lampinen Aku , Schirmer Johanna , Emelianov Aleksei , Johansson Andreas , Pettersson Mika
Published: August 2024

Two-photon oxidation and different incubation conditions were utilized to control deposition selectivity of calmodulin and an acetylcholine receptor on graphene.
High toughness, healable, self-cleaning polydimethylsiloxane elastomers with “rigid-while-flexible” mutual network structure
Authors: Yang Xing , Ren Jiawen , Wan Baoquan , Qin Sichen , Wang Qian , Huang Wenjie , Gao Jinghui , Xia Bing , Zha Jun-Wei
Published: August 2024

The PSiPI elastomer integrates multiple functions and is expected to be applied in outdoor electrical power systems and electronics fields.
Probabilistic prediction of material stability: integrating convex hulls into active learning
Authors: Novick Andrew , Cai Diana , Nguyen Quan , Garnett Roman , Adams Ryan , Toberer Eric
Published: August 2024

Stability prediction is accelerated by treating the convex hull as a probabilistic object, allowing for an efficient active learning process that minimizes the number of thermodynamic calculations necessary to define the convex hull.
In vitro corrosion behavior and biocompatibility of biodegradable Mg–Mn–Zn alloy modified with a MOF/3D rGO/PCL three-layer coating
Authors: Akhavan-Bahabadi Zahra , Zare Hamid R. , Mohammadpour Zahra
Published: August 2024

Effect of three-layer MOF/3D rGO/PCL coating on increasing the corrosion resistance of biodegradable Mg–Mn–Zn alloy in the SBF solution.
Investigation into the NO2 gas sensing behaviour of defect-induced heteroatom (N, B)-doped reduced graphene oxide-modified mesoporous MgFe2O4
Authors: Sahoo Shital Jyotsna , Dash Priyabrat
Published: August 2024

The cover art depicts the higher gas sensing activity of a defect-induced N-doped rGO-based MgFe2O4 nanocomposite for NO2 sensing.
Enhanced PEC water splitting efficiency by type II heterojunction CdIn2S4/g-C3N4 photoanode construction
Authors: Liu Dinghan , Liu Jing , Wu Lanlan , Zhou Zhenglong , Su Zihan , Yang Bing , Feng Liangliang
Published: August 2024

Type II heterojunction CdIn2S4/g-C3N4 constructs used as photoanodes to improve photoelectrocatalytic water splitting performance.
Mechanisms of microexplosion-accelerated pyrolysis and oxidation of lithium-containing droplets: an atomistic perspective
Authors: He Ruitian , Luo Kai H.
Published: August 2024

The mechanisms of pyrolysis and oxidation accompanied by microexplosion for an isolated lithium nitrate nanodroplet are elucidated through reactive molecular dynamics simulations.
Understanding and tuning magnetism in van der Waals-type metal thiophosphates
Authors: Basnet Rabindra , Hu Jin
Published: August 2024

This article provides a timely review on engineering the magnetic properties of vdW-type metal thiophosphates material MPX3 through X substitutions and inter-layer intercalation.
First-principles guidelines to select promising van der Waals materials for hybrid photovoltaic–triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Cammarata Antonio , Damte Jemal Yimer , Polcar Tomas
Published: August 2024

Hybrid photovoltaic–triboelectric nanogenerator (PV–TENG) devices are promising multi-energy harvesters. We provide theoretical guidelines to identify TMD chemical compositions for optimal PV–TENG electric power generation.
Single-atom alloy structure and unique bonding properties of Au104Ag40(PET)60 nanoclusters
Authors: Morris David , Du Xiangsha , Jin Rongchao , Zhang Peng
Published: August 2024

X-ray absorption spectroscopy is utilized to study the distribution of Au and Ag within the metal core of the Au104Ag40(PET)60 nanocluster, revealing a Ag single-atom alloy structure associated with unique bonding properties.
Developing a new sustainable eco-adsorbent film from flexographic printing plate waste to remove cationic organic and inorganic pollutants
Authors: Elessawy Noha A. , Alhamzani Abdulrahman G. , Abou-Krisha Mortaga M. , Aljlil Saad
Published: August 2024

The functional groups in the film and the pollutants' molecules combine through chemically and electrostatically adsorb.
Efficient phosphate removal utilizing N, Zn-doped carbon dots as an innovative nanoadsorbent
Authors: Alikhani Mina , Khoshkalam Ehsan , Sadeghi Jalal , Bulgariu Laura , Eshghi Hossein
Published: August 2024

Exploring the mechanisms of PO43− adsorption from aqueous solutions using zinc-doped carbon dots (Zn-N-CDs) across a range of pH levels from acidic to basic.
An industrially potent rhamnolipid-like biosurfactant produced from a novel oil-degrading bacterium, Bacillus velezensis S2
Authors: Sultana Shahnaz , Sultana Rokaia , Al-Mansur Md. Abdullah , Akbor Md. Ahedul , Bhuiyan Nasrin Akter , Ahmed Shamim , Yasmin Sabina , Shofiul Islam Molla Jamal A. H. M.
Published: August 2024

An oil-degrading bacteria, Bacillus velezensis S2, was found to produce rhamnolipid-like biosurfactant which showed significant emulsification and foaming activity while reducing the surface tension remarkably. This offers more ecological sustainability than the toxic chemical surfactants.
Microwave-assisted synthesis, characterization, and in vitro biological evaluation of a novel nanocomposite using molybdenum and [2,2′-bipyridine]-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid
Authors: J. Saadh Mohamed , N.A. Jafar Nadhir , Altalbawy Farag M. A. , Sharma Pawan , Kumar Abhishek , Alamir Hassan Thoulfikar A. , Ghazy Hameed , Noori Shakir Maha , khudhur Mohammed Saad , Muzammil Khursheed , chasib gabal Baneen
Published: August 2024

Novel Mo/BPDA nanocomposite with crystalline structure, high thermal stability and specific surface area was synthesized. The Mo/BPDA nanocomposite was effective against a wide range of microbial species, bone cancer cells and breast cancer cells.
Hydrothermal liquefaction for biochar production from finger millet waste: its valorisation, process optimization, and characterization
Authors: Hussain Afzal , Kandari Ayush , Kotiyal Sushant , Kumar Vinod , Upadhyay Shuchi , Ahmad Waseem , Singh Ajay , Kumar Sanjay
Published: August 2024

In this study, the potential of finger millet waste biomass (FMWB) as a source of biochar production through hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) was investigated.
Fabrication of silica/calcium alginate nanocomposite based on rice husk ash for efficient adsorption of phenol from water
Authors: Khoj Manal A.
Published: August 2024

The current work discusses the synthesis of three different solid adsorbents: silica nanoparticles derived from rice husk (RS), calcium alginate beads (AG), and silica/alginate nanocomposite (RSG).
Metal-based non-enzymatic systems for cholesterol detection: mechanisms, features, and performance
Authors: Ameen Sha M. , Meenu P. C. , Haspel H. , Kónya Z.
Published: August 2024

Metal based catalysts and electrodes are versatile tools known for their redox properties, catalytic efficiency, and stability under various conditions.
Unveiling the anti-corrosion properties of Zn-eggshell particle composite coatings on mild steel in seawater-simulated solution using starch as a modifier
Authors: Aigbodion Victor Sunday , Dinneya-Onuoha Ekele
Published: August 2024

The study demonstrates that adding starch to Zn-ESAp coatings on mild steel significantly boosts corrosion resistance. The composite coatings exhibit improved uniformity and stability, forming stable passive layers that protect against corrosive agents.
In vivo determination of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of isolated compounds from Cleome amblyocarpa and molecular modelling for the top active investigated compounds
Authors: El-Ayouty Mayada M. , Eltahawy Nermeen A. , Abd EL-sameaa Ahmed M. , Badawy Ahmed M. , Darwish Khaled M. , Elhady Sameh S. , Shokr Mostafa M. , Ahmed Safwat A.
Published: August 2024

Cleome amblyocarpa Barr. and Murb. from the family Cleomaceae is used in folk medicine as it has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant activities.
Highly efficient recyclable bismuth nanocatalysts fabricated using a facile one-step aqueous method for faster reduction of azo dye contaminants
Authors: Rahman Md. Ataur , Rahman Md. Abdur , Rabbi Md. Ahasanur , Rana Masud , Karim Md. Rabiul , Jalil Miah M. A. , Ahmad Hasan
Published: August 2024

A simple one-step aqueous synthesis of Bi/TANPs and their catalytic reduction potentials against azo dye contaminants present in water.
Wide-direct-band-gap monolayer carbon nitride CN2: a potential metal-free photocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Lu Qiang , Zhang Bofeng , Lin Jiahe
Published: August 2024

Two dimensional metal-free semiconductors with high work function have attracted extensive research interest in the field of photocatalytic water splitting.
Enhancing the stretchability of two-dimensional materials through kirigami: a molecular dynamics study on tungsten disulfide
Authors: Dey K. , Shahriar S. , Anan M. A. R. , Malakar P. , Rahman M. M. , Chowdhury M. M.
Published: August 2024

Kirigami patterns on monolayer WS2 enhance stretchability and tailor mechanical properties. MD simulations show increased tensile strain, reduced strength, and optimal performance from adjusted overlap ratio, cut density, and length-to-width ratios.
Triangular silver nanoprism-based chemosensor for recognition of hyaluronic acid in human biofluids: a new platform for monitoring osteoarthritis treatment using smartphone-assisted digital image analysis
Authors: Sabri Zahra , Bahavarnia Farnaz , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Shadjou Nasrin
Published: August 2024

Hyaluronic acid (HA) possesses unique viscoelastic properties and low immunogenicity, making it suitable for various biomedical purposes such as viscosupplementation in osteoarthritis treatment, assistance in eye surgery, and wound regeneration.
Four-electron reduction of CO2: from formaldehyde and acetal synthesis to complex transformations
Authors: Desmons Sarah , Bonin Julien , Robert Marc , Bontemps Sébastien
Published: August 2024

The dynamic field of the CO2 Reduction Reaction (CO2RR) seeks to harness CO2 as a sustainable carbon source or energy carrier. This review explores CO2 reduction into formaldehyde (HCHO) or acetal-type compounds using various CO2RR systems.
δ-Bonding modulates the electronic structure of formally divalent nd1 rare earth arene complexes
Authors: MacKenzie Ross E. , Hajdu Tomáš , Seed John A. , Whitehead George F. S. , Adams Ralph W. , Chilton Nicholas F. , Collison David , McInnes Eric J. L. , Goodwin Conrad A. P.
Published: August 2024

Metal–arene contacts in divalent rare earth complexes can give rise formal 4fn d(x2−y2) valence electron configurations where metal–arene δ-bonding modulates the electronic structure. Rare earth ions without d-contribution (i.e. fn+1) are unaffected.
Host–guest binding between cucurbit[8]uril and amphiphilic peptides achieved tunable supramolecular aggregates for cancer diagnosis
Authors: Niu Jie , Yu Jie , Wu Xuan , Zhang Ying-Ming , Chen Yong , Yu Zhilin , Liu Yu
Published: August 2024

An oxidation-driven supramolecular aggregate constructed by cucurbituril, perylene imide, and methionine peptide, displays tunable morphology conversion in cancer cells, achieving targeted imaging, endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, and cell death.
Paper integrated microfluidic contact lens for colorimetric glucose detection
Authors: Isgor Pelin Kubra , Abbasiasl Taher , Das Ritu , Istif Emin , Yener Umut Can , Beker Levent
Published: August 2024

Contact lenses offer a simple, cost-effective, and non-invasive method for in situ real-time analysis of various biomarkers.
A tough and piezoelectric poly(acrylamide/N,N-dimethylacrylamide) hydrogel-based flexible wearable sensor
Authors: Wu Mingyue , Wang Guohui , Zhang Mihan , Li Jinchao , Wang Chenglong , Sun Guangdong , Zheng Jinhuan
Published: August 2024

A flexible, tough, highly transparent and piezoelectric poly(acrylamide/N,N-dimethylacrylamide) hydrogel-based wearable sensor was fabricated induced by blue light photocuring.
Asymmetric toughening in the lap shear of metamaterial structural adhesives
Authors: Li Chenghai , Guo Qiang , Chambers Robert , Cai Shengqiang
Published: August 2024

Metamaterial structural adhesives with a thick asymmetric backing and thin adhesive layer offer superior advantages over traditional uniform adhesives, including enhanced adhesion due to the crack trapping mechanism and asymmetric properties.
Shiny quantum dots: synthesis, properties, and electroluminescent light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Hongwei , Wang Boyang , Bai Jiaxin , Lu Siyu
Published: August 2024

We provide an overview of recent advances in the structure, preparation, and optical properties of various quantum dots (QDs), and discuss strategies for improving electroluminescence performance in response to current challenges in QD research.
Pd-loaded unique urchin-structured Ga2O3 for selective CO2 photoreduction to CH4
Authors: Qiu Wei , Lu Pengjian , Kuang Xiaoxu , Li Baowen , Tu Rong , Zhang Song
Published: August 2024

An innovative urchin-structured Ga2O3-based photocatalyst with a high specific surface area and highly selective CO2 photoreduction to CH4 is designed by constructing a dual microemulsion mixed system.
High-entropy oxides for energy storage and conversion
Authors: Bao Weizhai , Shen Hao , Zhang Yangyang , Qian Chengfei , Zeng Guozhao , Jing Kai , Cui Dingyu , Xia Jingjie , Liu He , Guo Cong , Yu Feng , Sun Kaiwen , Li Jingfa
Published: August 2024

The escalating demand for energy storage and catalysis devices in the realm of renewable energy applications has witnessed a rapid surge in recent years, with expectations for continued growth in the foreseeable future.
Photo-thermal staged-responsive shape memory polymers prepared by fused granular fabrication 4D printing
Authors: Mao Xianhao , Ma Guocheng , Deng Yujie , Lin Ling , Lu Wei , Wu Bing , Zhuo Haitao , Chen Shaojun
Published: August 2024

Lotus leaves fabricated from PEC-Bisdi composite using FGF printing could close under UV irradiation, retain shape under visible light, and recover upon heating. After re-stretching, this photo-thermal staged-responsive procedure can be cycled.
Frustrated Lewis pairs on metal-cation vacancy catalysts enhanced the electroreduction of NO to NH3
Authors: Yi Honghong , Jia Ruzhu , Tang Xiaolong , Kang Dongjuan , Yu Qingjun , Gao Fengyu , Zhao Shunzheng , Liu Yunpeng
Published: August 2024

Metal-cation vacancies in CoAl-LDH nanosheets prepared by simple etching facilitate abundant surface oxygen vacancies. They promote the formation of frustrated Lewis pairs, which enhance the electrocatalytic NO reduction to NH3.
Online acoustic emission sensing of rechargeable batteries: technology, status, and prospects
Authors: Espinoza Ramos Inti , Coric Amina , Su Boyang , Zhao Qi , Eriksson Lars , Krysander Mattias , Ahlberg Tidblad Annika , Zhang Leiting
Published: August 2024

This Review summarizes recent progress and discusses future perspectives in applying online acoustic emission sensing as a non-destructive method for monitoring rechargeable batteries.
Insights into the interface reaction between electrolyte and Li2MnO3 from ab initio molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Yan Xiaotong , Zhu Chunwei , Huang Weijie , Zhao Yu-Jun
Published: August 2024

For Li2MnO3, electrolyte molecules on surfaces such as (010) and (131) are very active, leading to an almost spontaneous decomposition reaction.
Highly efficient iridium(iii) phosphors with a 2-(4-benzylphenyl)pyridine-type ligand and their high-performance organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wong Wai-Yeung , Chau Nga-Yuen , Wang Qiwei , Jiang Lu , Li Junlong , Ma Dongge
Published: August 2024

Benzyl-modified iridium(iii)-ppy electrophosphors (Hppy = 2-phenylpyridine) are synthesized and characterized. They show much improved device performance as compared to the benchmark green emitters fac-Ir(ppy)3 and Ir(ppy)2(acac) in OLEDs.
Enhancement of the intrinsic fluorescence of acridine and its induced circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in ionic two-coordinate coinage metal complexes
Authors: Li Ke-Die , Zheng Shu-Jia , Song Shi-Quan , Yu Si-Qi , Feng Yue-Yang , Liu Junzi , Zheng You-Xuan , Li Tian-Yi
Published: August 2024

Enhanced blue fluorescence of acridine is achieved in carbene–M–acridine ionic complexes, where M is Cu(i) and Ag(i), approaching 50%. With the help of chiral counter ions, circularly polarized fluorescence of acridine is induced in crystalline state.
Effective strategies for current boosting in a mesa-shaped In–Ga–Zn–O vertical-channel thin-film transistor with a short-channel length of 40 nm
Authors: Oh Chae-Eun , Kwon Young-Ha , Seong Nak-Jin , Choi Kyu-Jeong , Yoon Sung-Min
Published: August 2024

The key strategies for enhancing the performance of an InGaZnO vertical channel transistor are to scale down the channel and gate insulator thicknesses and to control the incorporation of hydrogen from the Al2O3 spacer.
Evolution and maintenance of mtDNA gene content across eukaryotes
Authors: Veeraragavan Shibani , Johansen Maria , Johnston Iain G.
Published: August 2024

Across eukaryotes, most genes required for mitochondrial function have been transferred to, or otherwise acquired by, the nucleus. Encoding genes in the nucleus has many advantages. So why do mitochondria retain any genes at all? Why does the set of mtDNA genes vary so much across different species? And how do species maintain functionality in the mtDNA genes they do retain? In this review, we will discuss some possible answers to these questions, attempting a broad perspective across eukaryotes. We hope to cover some interesting features which may be less familiar from the perspective of particular species, including the ubiquity of recombination outside bilaterian animals, encrypted chainmail-like mtDNA, single genes split over multiple mtDNA chromosomes, triparental inheritance, gene transfer by grafting, gain of mtDNA recombination factors, social networks of mitochondria, and the role of mtDNA dysfunction in feeding the world. We will discuss a unifying picture where organismal ecology and gene-specific features together influence whether organism X retains mtDNA gene Y, and where ecology and development together determine which strategies, importantly including recombination, are used to maintain the mtDNA genes that are retained.
Short‐term electric power and energy balance optimization scheduling based on low‐carbon bilateral demand response mechanism from multiple perspectives
Authors: Li Juan , Li Yonggang , Liu Huazhi
Published: August 2024

Carbon emissions limit the output of traditional fuel‐fired generating units, significantly affecting the new power system scheduling mechanism. This paper proposes a short‐term electric power and energy balance optimization scheduling method with low‐carbon bilateral demand response (LCBDR). The LCBDR mechanism framework is constructed by combining the analysis of short‐term electric power and energy balance of the system under a dual perspective, along with the electric‐carbon coupling mechanism of the dynamic scheduling on the source‐load side. Based on the carbon emission flow (CEF) theory, the carbon emission index information of load‐side users is obtained. An optimal scheduling model of LCBDR is established. The enhanced decision tree classifier (EDTC) algorithm is used to predict the electricity consumption behavior of transferable load (TL) users, and an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with “ε‐greedy” strategy is proposed to solve this model. Comprehensive case studies from three different perspectives verify that this method can effectively realize the low‐carbon economic operation of the system, with the peak net load reduced by 24.02% and valley net load increased by 20.43%. Compared with a single perspective, the total operational costs can be reduced by 5.27%, and the carbon emissions of users can be reduced by 5.70%.
Rocky planet formation in compact disks around M dwarfs
Authors: Sanchez M. , van der Marel N. , Lambrechts M. , Mulders G. D. , Guerra-Alvarado O. M.
Published: August 2024

Context. Due to the improvements in radial velocity and transit techniques, we know that rocky or rocky-icy planets, in particular close-in super-Earths in compact configurations, are the most common ones around M dwarfs. On the other hand, thanks to the high angular resolution of ALMA we know that many disks around very low-mass stars (between 0.1 and 0.5 M⊙) are rather compact and small (without observable substructures and radius less than 20 au), which favors the idea of an efficient radial drift that could enhance planet formation in the terrestrial zone.

Aims. Our aim was to investigate the potential formation paths of the observed close-in rocky exoplanet population around M dwarfs, especially close-in super-Earths, assuming that planet formation could take place in compact disks with an efficient dust radial drift.

Methods. We developed N-body simulations that include a sample of embryos growing by pebble accretion exposed to planet-disk interactions, star-planet tidal interactions, and general relativistic corrections that include the evolution of the luminosity, radius, and rotational period of the star. For a star of 0.1 M⊙, we considered different gas disk viscosities and initial embryo distributions. We also explored planet formation by pebble accretion around stars of 0.3 M⊙ and 0.5 M⊙. Lastly, for each stellar mass, we ran simulations that include a sample of embryos growing by planetesimal accretion instead of pebble accretion.

Results. Our main result is that the sample of simulated planets that grow by pebble accretion in a gas disk with low viscosity (α = 10−4) can reproduce the close-in low-mass exoplanet population around M dwarfs in terms of multiplicity, mass, and semi-major axis. Furthermore, we found that a gas disk with high viscosity (α = 10−3), and thus lower pebble accretion rates, cannot reproduce the observed planet masses as no planet more massive than 0.5 M⊕ could be formed in our simulations. In addition, we show that planetesimal accretion favors the formation of smaller planets than pebble accretion does. Whether this planet population truly exists remains unknown with the current instrumental sensitivity.

Conclusions. Rocky planet formation around M dwarfs can take place in compact and small dust disks driven by an efficient radial drift in a gas disk with low viscosity (α = 10−4). This result points toward a new approach in the direction of the disk conditions needed for rocky planet formation around very low-mass stars.
Impact of Simulated Natural Reshaping of Abandoned Mining Terrain in Plateau Valleys on Plant Community Structure and Function
Authors: Chen Jichuan
Published: August 2024

In this article, a technique called simulated natural reshaping was described, which is used to restore abandoned mining terrain in plateau valleys. The research results showed that research techniques were effective in improving soil quality, increasing biomass, enhancing species diversity, and strengthening ecosystem stability. Simply put, it accelerated the progress of ecological restoration by simulating the restoration process of natural ecosystems. Through this method, a significant increase in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium content in the soil, as well as an increase in biomass, can be observed. The Shannon diversity index increased from 1.34 to 1.9, and plant coverage recovered to 80%. Of course, this research has some limitations, such as not considering the possible impact of other environmental factors on the recovery effect. Anyway, the experimental results showed that the simulated natural reshaping technology effectively promoted the ecological restoration of abandoned mining areas, and enhanced the function and stability of the ecosystem.