bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El puerto de Veracruz
Authors: Bernárdez de la Granja Maria del Carmen
Published: May 2018

Veracruz is the beginning of the history of our country, says Carlos Fuentes ; it is where Mexico originally connected with the world, the open door through which travelers arrived, the entry point for Hernán Cortés, Tata Vasco and Maximilian of Hapsbuig, the port through which Porfirio Diaz left Mexico to his exile in France. In recent years, the Port of Veracruz has been invigorated due to its strategic location in the central zone of the Gulf of Mexico, the modernization of its infrastructure, and the improvement of its multi-modal communications as the main port of Mexico to the Atlantic.

However it also confronts a serious limitation today in regard to its capacity to receive and distribute cargo ; its expansion to the north has been projected since than ten years ago. Environmental problems related to lack of investment in harbor infrastructure have delayed this expansion and now it is absolutely necessary since the ports of the Caribbean and the Panama Canal have undergone very important transformations of their infrastructures.
METHODS OF IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF MONITORING OF CHANNEL DEFORMATIONS OF MOUNTAIN RIVERS NEAR BUILT-IN SETTLEMENTS: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE BUKTYRMA RIVER
Authors: TAUKENOV Talgat , DZHANALEEVA Kulchikhan , YERZHANOVA Zhuldyz
Published: May 2018

The results of research on the development of methods for increasing the efficiency of monitoring the channel deformations of mountain rivers using the methods of aerospace studies of the Earth and geoinformation systems are presented. Examples are given of estimating channel deformations, compiling morphological characteristics of the valley, floodplain and river bed, determining the scheme for the development of channel processes using public space imagery, scientific justification for erosion control measures.
Three Small Planets Transiting the Bright Young Field Star K2-233
Authors: David Trevor J. , Crossfield Ian J. M. , Benneke Björn , Petigura Erik A. , Gonzales Erica J. , Schlieder Joshua E. , Yu Liang , Isaacson Howard T. , Howard Andrew W. , Ciardi David R. , Mamajek Eric E. , Hillenbrand Lynne A. , Cody Ann Marie , Riedel Adric , Schwengeler Hans Martin , Tanner Christopher , Ende Martin
Published: May 2018

We report the detection of three small transiting planets around the young K3 dwarf K2-233 (2MASS J15215519−2013539) from observations during Campaign 15 of the K2 mission. The star is relatively nearby (d = 69 pc) and bright (V = 10.7 mag, K

s
 = 8.4 mag), making the planetary system an attractive target for radial velocity follow-up and atmospheric characterization with the James Webb Space Telescope. The inner two planets are hot super-Earths (R

b
 = 1.40 ± 0.06

, R

c
 = 1.34 ± 0.08

), while the outer planet is a warm sub-Neptune (R

d
 = 2.6 ± 0.1

). We estimate the stellar age to be

Myr based on rotation, activity, and kinematic indicators. The K2-233 system is particularly interesting given recent evidence for inflated radii in planets around similarly aged stars, a trend potentially related to photo-evaporation, core cooling, or both mechanisms.
Molecular diagnosis of bacterial meningitis by multiplex real time PCR in Tunisian children
Authors: Haddad-Boubaker Sondes , Lakhal Marwa , Fathallah Cyrine , Bouafsoun Aida , Kharrat Maher , Khemiri Monia , Kechrid Amel , Smaoui Hanen
Published: May 2018

Introduction: Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency requiring a fast and reliable diagnosis. Molecular methods such as real-time PCR (rt-PCR) offer an attractive alternative. Thus, this study aims to establish multiplex rt-PCRs detecting N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae b from cerebrospinal fluid in Tunisian children beyond neonatal age.

Methodology: Using bioinformatic tools and experimentation, we validated the specificity and optimal criteria of PCRs for primers and probes of plyA (S. pneumoniae), ctrA and sodC (N. meningitidis) and bexA genes (H. influenzae b). We performed one multiplex RT-PCR for detection of S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis targeting plyA and ctrA, sodC genes respectively, simultaneously with a singleplex RT-PCR for H. influenzae b. The sensitivity and specificity of our methods were assessed. Then, we tested our methods for 122 CSF samples collected from suspected meningitis cases between 2014 and 2016 in Bechir Hamza Children’s Hospital of Tunis.

Results: Our results have shown the sensitivity of the designed PCRs was up to 10-4 DNA dilution and the specificity was 100%. PCR evaluation has shown 51 positive samples: 38 of pneumococcal cases, 12 meningococcal cases, 1 case of H. influenzae b with 8.57% and 50% of supplementary positive cases rates respectively.

Conclusions: Our assay proved to be very sensitive, specific and rapid for bacterial meningitis diagnosis. In the recent context of Hib vaccination, the possibility of detecting S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis separately constitute an attractive opportunity. Nevertheless, simultaneous detection of Hib remains relevant in specific clinical context and for epidemiologic study.
Spider assemblages associated with different crop stages of irrigated rice agroecosystems from eastern Uruguay
Authors: Bao Leticia , Ginella Juaquín , Cadenazzi Mónica , Castiglioni Enrique , Martínez Sebastián , Casales Luis , Caraballo María , Laborda Álvaro , Simo Miguel
Published: May 2018

The rice crop and associated ecosystems constitute a rich mosaic of habitats that preserve a rich biological diversity. Spiders are an abundant and successful group of natural predators that are considered efficient in the biocontrol of the major insect pests in agroecosystems. Spider diversity in different stages of the rice crop growth from eastern Uruguay was analysed. Field study was developed on six rice farms with rotation system with pasture, installed during intercropping stage as cover crop. Six rice crops distributed in three locations were sampled with pitfall and entomological vaccum suction machine. Sixteen families, representing six guilds, were collected. Lycosidae, Linyphiidae, Anyphaenidae and Tetragnathidae were the most abundant families (26%, 25%, 20% and 12%, respectively) and comprised more than 80% of total abundance. Other hunters (29%), sheet web weavers (25%) and ground hunters (24%) were the most abundant guilds. Species composition along different crop stages was significantly different according to the ANOSIM test. The results showed higher spider abundance and diversity along the crop and intercrop stages. This study represents the first contribution to the knowledge of spider diversity associated with rice agroecosystem in the country.
Eight new Arthrinium species from China
Authors: Wang Mei , Tan Xiao-Ming , Liu Fang , Cai Lei
Published: May 2018

The genusArthriniumincludes important plant pathogens, endophytes and saprobes with a wide host range and geographic distribution. In this paper, 74Arthriniumstrains isolated from various substrates such as bamboo leaves, tea plants, soil and air from karst caves in China were examined using a multi-locus phylogeny based on a combined dataset of ITS rDNA, TEF1 and TUB2, in conjunction with morphological characters, host association and ecological distribution. Eight new species were described based on their distinct phylogenetic relationships and morphological characters. Our results indicated a high species diversity ofArthriniumwith wide host ranges, amongst which, Poaceae and Cyperaceae were the major host plant families ofArthriniumspecies.
May the matrix be with you! Guidelines for the application of expert-based matrix approach for ecosystem services assessment and mapping
Authors: Campagne C. Sylvie , Roche Philip
Published: May 2018

Matrices or look-up tables are increasingly popular flexible tools for ecosystem services mapping and assessment. The matrix approach links ecosystem types or land cover types to ecosystem services by providing a score for ecosystem service (ES) capacity, supply, use, demand or other concepts. Using expert elicitation enables quick and integrative ES scoring that can meet general demand for validated ES mapping and assessment at different scales. Nevertheless, guidance is needed on how to collect and integrate expert knowledge to address some of the biases and limits of the expert elicitation method. This paper aims to propose a set of guidelines to produce ES matrices based on expert knowledge. It builds on existing literature and experience acquired through the production of several ES matrices in several ES assessments carried out in France. We propose a 7-steps methodology for the expert-based matrix approach that aims to promote cogency in the method and coherency in the matrices produced. The aim here is to use collective knowledge to produce semi-quantitative estimates of ES quantities and not to analyse individual or societal preferences or importance of ES. The definition of the objectives and the preparation phase is particularly important in order to define the components of capacity to demand ES chain to be addressed. The objectives and the ES components addressed will influence the composition of the expert panel. We recommend an individual filling of an empty matrix in order to strengthen the statistical analysis of the scores' variability and the analysis of congruency between experts. Expert scoring should follow a process of discussion, information-sharing and collective appropriation of a list of ecosystem types and ES to be assessed. We suggest that the ES matrix should not only focus on ES central scores but also address the variabilities and uncertainties as part of the ES assessment. The analysis of these sources of variability allows the documentation of variations in the ES quantity but also an exploration into the lack of consensus or knowledge gaps that needs to be addressed.
A new, alpine species of Lissodesmus Chamberlin, 1920 from Tasmania, Australia (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Dalodesmidae)
Authors: Mesibov Robert
Published: May 2018

Lissodesmusnivalissp. n.is described from 1450–1550 m elevation on the treeless, alpine Ben Lomond plateau in northeast Tasmania, Australia. The new species is distinguished from all other Tasmanian and VictorianLissodesmusspecies by a unique combination of gonopod telopodite features: solenomere without a pre-apical process, tibiotarsus Y-shaped, femoral process L-shaped with forked tips, prefemoral process with a long comb of teeth below an irregularly dentate apical margin, and a roughened “shoulder process” near the base of the prefemoral process.
Pulsion scopique en peinture : l’alibi du voyeur, le paravent du mythe
Authors: Etienne Emilie
Published: May 2018

Vous en conviendrez, la peinture est d’abord une affaire pour les yeux. Par une gestation complexe, elle naît de l’imaginaire et demande à être regardée, plus encore quand elle accueille un nu. Seulement cela ne se fait pas sans un jeu de voile et d’opacité : les mises en scènes du mythe, les symboles, le filtre pictural mettent à distance quelque chose qui par son outrance doit rester caché et qui pourtant ne demande qu’à jaillir : la pulsion scopique. Le corps peint et la toile deviennent sous nos yeux des métaphores réciproques qu’il convient de saisir au vol et qui, par l’érotique du motif, mettent notre regard à l’épreuve de lui-même.
La sexualité dans l’espace thérapeutique du point de vue de l’analyste
Authors: de Clerck Sylvie
Published: May 2018

Dans un cadre de formation, un groupe de psychothérapeutes étudie le ressenti et les questionnements du thérapeute à partir d’une analyse de cas : celui d’une jeune femme souffrant d’une mycose et de ses conséquences sur sa vie sexuelle. On s’interrogera ensuite sur le vécu contre-transférentiel en pointant à quel point est nécessaire le travail de supervision et d’analyse personnelle faute de quoi les résistances du psychothérapeute auront des conséquences nuisibles pour la cure.
L’industriel et le politique. Qui a peur de l’industrie à Paris au XIX e siècle ?
Authors: Faure Alain
Published: May 2018

L’historiographie de Paris a depuis longtemps admis comme une évidence que la grande industrie a été chassée de la capitale au cours du XIX e siècle. Il n’en fut rien. La démonstration porte moins sur la statistique que sur les relations entre les industriels parisiens et le pouvoir politique. Jusqu’en 1848, les quartiers du centre de Paris restaient des quartiers d’usines et le pouvoir n’hésitait pas à protéger et stimuler l’industrialisation. Tout changea avec 1848 : les autorités politiques voulurent pousser les usines au départ en raison du danger que représentaient désormais les ouvriers y travaillant. Mais, dans les années 1850, elles ne purent que constater le peu de prise qu’elles avaient sur les industriels. L’épisode célèbre du conflit entre le préfet Haussmann et les industriels de la zone annexée, après 1860, constitue un rebondissement de cette velléité d’expulsion. Haussmann chercha à imposer à court terme aux industriels les droits d’octroi en vigueur à Paris. Mais l’industrie périphérique ne fut à aucun moment assujettie aux droits intégraux de l’ancien Paris. Réalisme économique de la part de l’empereur ou crainte des réactions ouvrières en cette fin des années 1860 ? La question fut tranchée en 1872 par le nouveau conseil municipal de Paris, où les intérêts économiques étaient fort bien représentés. Un compromis fut conclu : l’industrie dut payer, mais seulement des droits faibles, nullement gênants pour ses affaires. Voilà qui ne put que favoriser le développement industriel de Paris, à son maximum vers 1900. Dans ses conflits avec le politique, obnubilé par sa peur des ouvriers, l’industriel resta toujours au XIX e siècle le maître du jeu.
Acteurs locaux et expansion économique dans un bassin industriel en déclin. Le Comité d’action de la région stéphanoise (1953-1964)
Authors: Vernet Antoine
Published: May 2018

En France, depuis les années 1950, l’association des acteurs locaux – collectivités locales et employeurs – au développement économique régional est constitutive des politiques d’expansion économique. Institutionnalisées à partir de 1954, elles s’inscrivent dans le cadre de l’aménagement du territoire, réunissant également les services préfectoraux, les administrations déconcentrées et les représentants des syndicats de travailleurs. Le contexte de la région stéphanoise, bassin industriel alors en déclin, permet d’étudier un cas de mobilisation locale correspondant parfaitement à la chronologie institutionnelle. Sa principale spécificité tient dans la conduite des premières opérations par le préfet de la Loire et non par les milieux politiques et économiques. Influencé par les idées des réformateurs sociaux d’inspiration chrétienne implantés sur le territoire, le Comité d’action pour la région stéphanoise se révèle un laboratoire d’idées en 1954-1955. Pourtant, des logiques d’acteurs contradictoires, notamment au sein des milieux patronaux, finissent par provoquer son échec puis l’inertie du comité d’expansion formé à sa suite, échec à relativiser par la création d’institutions nouvelles destinées à accompagner l’émergence d’une expertise régionale et le redécollage économique du bassin.
L’Église latine dans l’Empire ottoman
Authors: Del Zanna Giorgio
Published: May 2018

Née à l’époque byzantine dans les colonies de commerçants italiens, l’Église catholique latine d’Orient fut reconnue comme une communauté autonome spécifique (millet), du fait de ses relations avec le Vatican. Les communautés « levantines » jouèrent un rôle essentiel dans cette Église du fait des relations qu’elles entretenaient avec l’Occident. Elles subirent un processus de « romanisation » au cours du xixe siècle qui eut pour conséquence de les identifier aux puissances coloniales, malgré la politique philo-ottomane du Saint-Siège. Le renforcement de l’autorité de l’Italie sur ces communautés après la rupture entre Paris et le Vatican, en 1904, aboutit à l’expulsion des Italiens après la guerre de Libye de 1911, de sorte que le Saint-Siège demeura le seul défenseur des catholiques dans l’Empire ottoman puis dans la jeune République turque.
Les papes et la Terre sainte (1878-2013)
Authors: Durand Jean-Dominique
Published: May 2018

Les papes portent sur la Terre sainte un regard religieux et politique. Religieux parce que cette terre, avec Jérusalem en son cœur, est trois fois sacrée, pour le judaïsme, le christianisme et l’islam ; politique parce que la création de l’État d’Israël en 1948, et auparavant les revendications sionistes et les politiques ottomanes et britanniques introduisent des tensions où le religieux est instrumentalisé. C’est cette double approche religieuse – spirituelle, et politique – diplomatique, qui caractérise le rapport des papes à la Terre sainte à l’époque contemporaine, que cet article entend montrer. Il s’agit de comprendre le lien intime des papes avec une terre chargée d’émotion, qui fut habitée par le Christ, celle aussi du rapport complexe avec les Églises d’Orient, du rapport au judaïsme et des relations avec l’islam, dans un contexte international marqué par le jeu des puissances.
Synchronized Operation of Grid Power, Solar Power, and Battery for Smart Energy Management
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Thanki Dip V.
Published: May 2018

This chapter gives details of solar photovoltaic, starting from its general pros and cons. It covers the basics of site evaluation when installing a solar powered plant and various ways to overcome the uncertainties in the predicted output of the solar arrays. The efficiency of the plant can be improved with the help of maximum power point tracker (MPPT), which works on algorithms based on perturb and observe, incremental conductance, constant voltage, etc. The output of the solar PV arrays can be utilized more effectively by integrating it with grid to supply ac loads. This integration requires a power conditioning system (PCS), enabling smooth operation. Continuity of supply can be maintained by having a battery backup, for the time when both grid and solar array fail to meet the load demand. Such a system can have wide range of applications and has the potential to meet the energy demand.
Journey of Financial Inclusion Driven by Indian Banking Industry
Authors: Saxena Abhineet , Sharma Ashish
Published: May 2018

Financial institutions, especially banks, have proved to be a boon for the economic development of a country like India. An attempt has been made in the present chapter to analyze the state of financial inclusion and the role of banking in achieving full financial inclusion in India. The journey of financial inclusion through banking in India has been critically appraised. Some of the important outcomes that can be highlighted are increased banking access of rural population in past few years together with the huge expansion in banking infrastructure in rural areas. Banking in India has been transformed with the introduction of PMJDY, BC Model, etc. Increasing trend has been observed in IMPS and M-Wallet penetration. North-eastern part of the country is still a challenge in the way of financial inclusion. The journey of financial inclusion on the wheels of Indian banking industry is still in search of the ultimate destination, and it will take miles to achieve full financial inclusion.
Ensuring Quality of Web Portals Through Accessibility Analysis
Authors: Dash Amar Ranjan , Patra Manas Ranjan
Published: May 2018

With the increase in number of electronic services being delivered through web portals, a lot of emphasis is being given to ensure the quality of web portals in terms of contents and associated design aspects. This has led to studies investigating various requirements of web users and to guidelines for quality enhancement in order to make web portals accessible to all irrespective of one's age, physical challenges, ethnicity, and level of literacy. In this chapter, the authors address the accessibility issues of web portals based on ongoing research. They analyze the accessibility in three levels (i.e., at the levels of authoring tool, web component, and user-agent). The contents of this chapter can throw light on the design aspects of web portals, web browsers, and media players to make them more suitable for users in general.
Information Technology Pre-Risk Governance
Authors: Larry Letitia , Von Canon Jr. William Anderson
Published: May 2018

Pre-risk governance is an extension of the risk management paradigm that allows for risk analysis prior to making a decision on whether a business objective should move forward and what the possible risks may be. Instead of making business decisions that will affect or impact technology, and the associated people, processes, and policy and then including necessary staff in systems planning after the fact, pre-risk governance allows for the inclusion of pertinent staff in the decision-making process prior to moving toward a major change or enterprise transformation effort. Historically, information technology (IT) staff have not been included in decision making as it applies to change initiatives until they are required in the overall systems/solutions development life cycle. This exclusion of IT staff has been shown to cause a higher level of risk, and actuated issues with schedule, budget, and successful implementation of or transition to a new means of doing and supporting business.
Big Data Technologies and Management
Authors: K. Jayashree , R. Abirami
Published: May 2018

Developments in information technology and its prevalent growth in several areas of business, engineering, medical, and scientific studies are resulting in information as well as data explosion. Knowledge discovery and decision making from such rapidly growing voluminous data are a challenging task in terms of data organization and processing, which is an emerging trend known as big data computing. Big data has gained much attention from the academia and the IT industry. A new paradigm that combines large-scale compute, new data-intensive techniques, and mathematical models to build data analytics. Thus, this chapter discusses the background of big data. It also discusses the various application of big data in detail. The various related work and the future direction would be addressed in this chapter.
Software Development for Information System - Achieving Optimum Quality with Security
Authors: Hani Syeda Umema , Alam Abu Turab
Published: May 2018

Information Systems acquisition, implementation, and development have been taking place in business organization to gain the competitive advantage. Rapid advancement of Technology is also popping up unethical issues involving violations of End users' data protection and privacy. This article discusses standard quality practices adhere to which a good quality software product is guaranteed while supporting the organizational strategic needs. It presents a framework that bridges Quality software development process improvement with strategic needs of an organization. Standard practices under consideration includes Capability Maturity Model for Development (CMMI-DEV) while using multi-model Process Improvement approach where an organization could use Balance Score Card technique while setting its strategic goals and monitoring their performance related to Information System development, and also link it with Information System management framework “Control Objectives for Information and Related Technology” (COBIT) - 5 released by Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA), so that users could easily switch between the two standards. In last benefits are reported for using quality practices to realize attainment of competitive advantage.
A Cyber-Physical Photovoltaic Array Monitoring and Control System
Authors: Muniraju Gowtham , Rao Sunil , Katoch Sameeksha , Spanias Andreas , Tepedelenlioglu Cihan , Turaga Pavan , Banavar Mahesh K , Srinivasan Devarajan
Published: May 2018

A cyber physical system approach for a utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) array monitoring and control is presented in this article. This system consists of sensors that capture voltage, current, temperature, and irradiance parameters for each solar panel which are then used to detect, predict and control the performance of the array. More specifically the article describes a customized machine-learning method for remote fault detection and a computer vision framework for cloud movement prediction. In addition, a consensus-based distributed approach is proposed for resource optimization, and a secure authentication protocol that can detect intrusions and cyber threats is presented. The proposed system leverages video analysis of skyline imagery that is used along with other measured parameters to reconfigure the solar panel connection topology and optimize power output. Additional benefits of this cyber physical approach are associated with the control of inverter transients. Preliminary results demonstrate improved efficiency and robustness in renewable energy systems using advanced cyber enabled sensory analysis and fusion devices and algorithms.
The parenteral opioid shortage: Causes and solutions
Authors: Hollingsworth, PharmD Hanna , Herndon, PharmD, CPE Chris
Published: May 2018

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Long-term opioid users with chronic noncancer pain: Assessment of opioid abuse risk and relationship with healthcare resource use
Authors: Coutinho, BPharm, PhD Anna D. , Gandhi, BPharm, MS Kavita , Fuldeore, BAMS, MS Rupali M. , Landsman-Blumberg, MPH, DrPH Pamela B. , Gandhi, PhD Sanjay
Published: May 2018

Objective: Identify opioid abuse risk factors among chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) patients receiving long-term opioid therapy and assess healthcare resource use (HRU) among patients at elevated abuse risk.Design: Data were obtained from an integrated administrative claims database. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis identified risk factors potentially predictive of opioid abuse, which were used to classify the overall population into cohorts defined by levels of abuse risk. Multivariable logistic regression compared HRU across risk cohorts.Setting: Retrospective cohort study.Patients, participants: 21,072 patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with ≥1 of 5 types of CNCP and a prescription for Schedule II or III/IV opioid medication used long-term (≥90 days).Main outcome measures: (1) Opioid abuse risk factors; (2) HRU differences between risk cohorts.Results: CART analysis identified four groups at elevated opioid abuse risk defined by three factors (age, daily opioid dose, and total days’ supply of opioids); sensitivity: 70.3 percent, specificity: 74.1 percent, and positive predictive value: 5.6 percent. The analysis results were used to classify patients into low-risk (72.5 percent), at-risk (25.4 percent), and opioid-abuser (2.2 percent) cohorts. In multivariable analysis, emergency department (ED) use was higher among at-risk vs low-risk patients (odds ratio [OR]: 1.14; p < 0.05); hospitalization and ED visits were higher for opioid-abusers vs low-risk patients (OR: 2.33 and 2.14, respectively; p < 0.05).Conclusions: This study identifies a subpopulation of CNCP patients at risk of opioid abuse. However, limited sensitivity and specificity of criteria defining this subpopulation reinforce the importance of physician discretion in patient-level treatment decisions.
De oudejaarsconference van Claudia de Breij
Authors: Geerts Evelien , Van Raemdonck An , van den Brandt Nella , Schrijvers Lieke , van den Berg Mariecke
Published: May 2018

This written version of various conversations came into being as a response to Dutch entertainer Claudia de Breij’s 2016 New Year’s Eve cabaret performance. We were enticed to write something about this performance because of the numerous ambiguities that were present in it. What was striking was the fact that we, a group of Dutch and Belgian academics and activists, working in different disciplines but united by our mutual interests in and passion for the themes of (super-)diversity, gender and sexuality, and religion and societal matters, each interpreted this performance differently. From a conciliatory, interconnecting cabaret performance in which alterity and difference were (re)presented as something positive, to a performance that confirmed already-existing stereotypes rather than subverting them: all these different interpretations and impressions are explained in detail in the following diffractive dialogue that was engendered by and through various conversations that took place in Utrecht, the Netherlands in January, May, August, and September 2017.
Detection of critical PM2.5 emission sources and their contributions to a heavy haze episode in Beijing, China, using an adjoint model
Authors: Zhai Shixian , An Xingqin , Zhao Tianliang , Sun Zhaobin , Wang Wei , Hou Qing , Guo Zengyuan , Wang Chao
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Air pollution sources and their regional transport are important issues for
air quality control. The Global–Regional Assimilation and Prediction System
coupled with the China Meteorological Administration Unified Atmospheric
Chemistry Environment (GRAPES–CUACE) aerosol adjoint model was applied to
detect the sensitive primary emission sources of a haze episode in Beijing
occurring between 19 and 21 November 2012. The high PM2.5 concentration
peaks occurring at 05:00 and 23:00 LT (GMT+8) over Beijing on
21 November 2012 were set as the cost functions for the aerosol adjoint
model. The critical emission regions of the first PM2.5 concentration
peak were tracked to the west and south of Beijing, with 2 to 3 days of
cumulative transport of air pollutants to Beijing. The critical emission
regions of the second peak were mainly located to the south of Beijing, where
southeasterly moist air transport led to the hygroscopic growth of particles
and pollutant convergence in front of the Taihang Mountains during the
daytime on 21 November. The temporal variations in the sensitivity
coefficients for the two PM2.5 concentration peaks revealed that the
response time of the onset of Beijing haze pollution from the local primary
emissions is approximately 1–2 h and that from the surrounding primary
emissions it is approximately 7–12 h. The upstream Hebei province has the
largest impact on the two PM2.5 concentration peaks, and the
contribution of emissions from Hebei province to the first PM2.5
concentration peak (43.6 %) is greater than that to the second PM2.5
concentration peak (41.5 %). The second most influential
province for the 05:00 LT PM2.5
concentration peak is Beijing (31.2 %), followed by Shanxi (9.8 %),
Tianjin (9.8 %), and Shandong (5.7 %). The second most influential
province for the 23:00 LT PM2.5 concentration peak is Beijing
(35.7 %), followed by Shanxi (8.1 %), Shandong (8.0 %), and Tianjin
(6.7 %). The adjoint model results were compared with the forward
sensitivity simulations of the Models-3/CMAQ system. The two modeling
approaches are highly comparable in their assessments of atmospheric
pollution control schemes for critical emission regions, but the adjoint
method has higher computational efficiency than the forward sensitivity
method. The results also imply that critical regional emission reduction
could be more efficient than individual peak emission control for improving
regional PM2.5 air quality.
A model framework to retrieve thermodynamic and kinetic
properties of organic aerosol from composition-resolved thermal
desorption measurements
Authors: Schobesberger Siegfried , D'Ambro Emma L. , Lopez-Hilfiker Felipe D. , Mohr Claudia , Thornton Joel A.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) techniques have been developed that allow for quantitative and composition-resolved measurements of organic compounds as they desorb from secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles, in particular during their heat-induced evaporation. One such technique employs the Filter Inlet for Gases and AEROsol (FIGAERO). Here, we present a newly-developed model framework with the main aim of reproducing FIGAERO-CIMS thermograms: signal vs. ramped desorption temperature. The model simulates the desorption of organic compounds during controlled heating of filter-sampled SOA particles, plus the subsequent transport of these compounds through the FIGAERO manifold into an iodide-CIMS. Desorption is described by a modified Hertz-Knudsen equation and controlled chiefly by the temperature-dependent saturation concentration C*, mass accommodation (evaporation) coefficient, and particle surface area. Subsequent transport is governed by interactions with filter and manifold surfaces. Reversible accretion reactions (oligomer formation and decomposition) and thermal decomposition are formally described following the Arrhenius relation. We use calibration experiments for tuning instrument-specific parameters, and then apply the model to a test case: measurements of SOA generated from dark ozonolysis of α-pinene. We then discuss the ability of the model to describe thermograms from simple calibration experiments and from complex SOA, and the associated implications for the chemical and physical properties of the SOA. We conclude with specific experimental designs to better constrain instrumental model parameters and to aid in resolving remaining ambiguities in the interpretation of more complex SOA thermogram behaviors. The model allows retrieval of quantitative volatility and mass transport information from FIGAERO thermograms, and for examining the effects of various environmental or chemical conditions on such properties.
A steady-state continuous flow chamber for the study of daytime and nighttime chemistry under atmospherically relevant NO levels
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Ortega John , Huang Yuanlong , Shertz Stephen , Tyndall Geoffrey S. , Orlando John J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Experiments performed in laboratory chambers have contributed significantly
to the understanding of the fundamental kinetics and mechanisms of the
chemical reactions occurring in the atmosphere. Two chemical regimes,
classified as “high-NO” vs. “zero-NO” conditions, have been extensively
studied in previous chamber experiments. Results derived from these two
chemical scenarios are widely parameterized in chemical transport models to
represent key atmospheric processes in urban and pristine environments. As
the anthropogenic NOx emissions in the United States have decreased
remarkably in the past few decades, the classic “high-NO” and “zero-NO”
conditions are no longer applicable to many regions that are constantly
impacted by both polluted and background air masses. We present here the
development and characterization of the NCAR Atmospheric Simulation Chamber,
which is operated in steady-state continuous flow mode for the study of
atmospheric chemistry under “intermediate NO” conditions. This particular
chemical regime is characterized by constant sub-ppb levels of NO and can be
created in the chamber by precise control of the inflow NO concentration and
the ratio of chamber mixing to residence timescales. Over the range of
conditions achievable in the chamber, the lifetime of peroxy radicals
(RO2), a key intermediate from the atmospheric degradation of
volatile organic compounds (VOCs), can be extended to several minutes, and
a diverse array of reaction pathways, including unimolecular pathways and
bimolecular reactions with NO and HO2, can thus be explored.
Characterization experiments under photolytic and dark conditions were
performed and, in conjunction with model predictions, provide a basis for
interpretation of prevailing atmospheric processes in environments with
intertwined biogenic and anthropogenic activities. We demonstrate the proof
of concept of the steady-state continuous flow chamber operation through
measurements of major first-generation products, methacrolein (MACR) and
methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), from OH- and NO3-initiated oxidation of
isoprene.
Plasma flow patterns in and around magnetosheath jets
Authors: Plaschke Ferdinand , Hietala Heli
Published: May 2018

Abstract. The magnetosheath is commonly permeated by localized high-speed jets
downstream of the quasi-parallel bow shock. These jets are much faster than
the ambient magnetosheath plasma, thus raising the question of how that
latter plasma reacts to incoming jets. We have performed a statistical
analysis based on 662 cases of one THEMIS spacecraft observing a jet and
another (second) THEMIS spacecraft providing context observations of nearby
plasma to uncover the flow patterns in and around jets. The following results
are found: along the jet's path, slower plasma is accelerated and pushed
aside ahead of the fastest core jet plasma. Behind the jet core, plasma flows
into the path to fill the wake. This evasive plasma motion affects the
ambient magnetosheath, close to the jet's path. Diverging and converging
plasma flows ahead and behind the jet are complemented by plasma flows
opposite to the jet's propagation direction, in the vicinity of the jet. This
vortical plasma motion results in a deceleration of ambient plasma when a jet
passes nearby. Keywords. Magnetospheric physics (magnetosheath; MHD waves and instabilities; solar wind–magnetosphere interactions)
Vegetation and geochemical responses to Holocene rapid climate change in Sierra Nevada (SE Iberia): The Laguna Hondera record
Authors: Mesa-Fernández Jose Manuel , Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo , Rodrigo-Gámiz Marta , García-Alix Antonio , Jiménez-Espejo Francisco J. , Martínez-Ruiz Francisca , Anderson R. Scott , Camuera Jon , Ramos-Román María J.
Published: May 2018

Abstract. High-altitude peat bogs and lacustrine records are very sensitive to climate changes and atmospheric pollution. Recent studies show a close relationship between regional climate aridity and enhanced eolian input to lake sediments. However, changes in regional-scale dust fluxes due to climate variability at short-scales and how alpine environments were impacted by climatic- and human-induced environmental changes are not completely understood. Here we present a multi-proxy lake sediment record of climate variability in the Sierra Nevada (SE Iberian Peninsula) over the Holocene. Palynological, geochemical and magnetic susceptibility (MS) proxies obtained from the high mountain lake record of Laguna Hondera (LH) evidence humid conditions during the Early Holocene, while a trend towards more arid conditions is recognized since ~ 7000 cal yr BP, with enhanced Saharan eolian dust deposition until Present. This trend towards enhanced arid conditions was modulated by millennial-scale climate variability. Relative humid conditions occurred during the Iberian Roman Humid Period (2600–1450 cal yr BP) and predominantly arid conditions occurred during the Dark Ages and the Medieval Climate Anomaly (1450–650 cal yr BP). The Little Ice Age (650–150 cal yr BP) is characterized in the LH record by an increase in runoff and a minimum in eolian input. In addition, human impact in the area is noticed through the record of Olea cultivation, Pinus reforestation and Pb pollution during the Industrial Period (150 cal yr BP-present). Furthermore, a unique feature preserved at LH is the correlation between Zr and Ca, two important elements of Saharan dust source in Sierra Nevada lake records. This supports that present day biochemical observations, pointing to eolian input as main inorganic nutrient source for oligotrophic mountain lakes, are comparable to the past record of eolian supply to these high-altitude lakes.
More frequent flooding? Changes in flood frequency in the Pearl River basin, China, since 1951 and over the past 1000 years
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Gu Xihui , Singh Vijay P. , Shi Peijun , Sun Peng
Published: May 2018

Abstract. Flood risks across the Pearl River basin, China, were evaluated
using a peak flood flow dataset covering a period of 1951–2014 from 78 stations
and historical flood records of the past 1000 years. The generalized extreme value
(GEV) model and the kernel estimation method were used to evaluate
frequencies and risks of hazardous flood events. Results indicated that
(1) no abrupt changes or significant trends could be detected in peak
flood flow series at most of the stations, and only 16 out of 78 stations
exhibited significant peak flood flow changes with change points around 1990.
Peak flood flow in the West River basin increased and significant
increasing trends were identified during 1981–2010; decreasing peak flood
flow was found in coastal regions and significant trends were observed during
1951–2014 and 1966–2014. (2) The largest three flood events were
found to cluster in both space and time. Generally, basin-scale flood hazards
can be expected in the West and North River basins. (3) The
occurrence rate of floods increased in the middle Pearl River basin but
decreased in the lower Pearl River basin. However, hazardous flood events
were observed in the middle and lower Pearl River basin, and this is
particularly true for the past 100 years. However, precipitation extremes were
subject to moderate variations and human activities, such as building of
levees, channelization of river systems, and rapid urbanization; these were the
factors behind the amplification of floods in the middle and lower Pearl
River basin, posing serious challenges for developing measures of mitigation
of flood hazards in the lower Pearl River basin, particularly the Pearl River
Delta (PRD) region.
Seasonal and synoptic variability of diurnal currents in an upwelling system off northern Chile near 30° S
Authors: Bello Mónica , Ramos Marcel , Garreaud René , Bravo Luis , Thiel Martin
Published: May 2018

Abstract. This study documents the seasonal and synoptic variability of diurnal currents in northern-central Chile (~ 30° S), using current measurements from four sites collected over more than one year. The study area includes a coastal upwelling center well exposed to sea wind and a large bay system (~ 100 km long) located just north of the above mentioned upwelling center. This bay system consists of several smaller bays with different orientations and morphologies, which affect the internal hydrodynamics and favor local recirculation patterns. Inertial oscillations in the area have a period of ~ 24 h, which is the same as that of the periodic wind forcing due to the sea breeze, and thus, this coupling may cause system resonance, as has been reported in other regions. The most intense diurnal currents (with amplitudes of ~ 30 cm s−1) were recorded in the surface layer in one of the areas exposed to the wind and farthest from the coastline (to ~ 22 km). In contrast, within the bay system, which is sheltered from the wind, diurnal currents were less intense (~ 10 cm s−1). Diurnal currents had higher seasonal variability in the more exposed areas than in the protected ones and were more intense in spring and summer than in autumn and winter. This was consistent with the Lagrangian measurements of the surface currents, which showed a higher diurnal energy in summer than in winter. The diurnal wind variability was modulated by the synoptic-scale circulation, which directly affected the diurnal current response. Under upwelling-favorable winds, diurnal currents were mainly forced by daily wind variations due to the sea breeze, while a sudden decrease in wind speed generated inertial oscillations that decayed with depth, especially in the area farthest from the coast. In general, the greatest variability in the diurnal currents occurs in the most exposed area to the wind and farthest from the coast, due to resonance between diurnal wind forcing and inertial oscillations, and possibly by near-diurnal internal gravity waves.
La contribución de la biblioteca universitaria al logro de los planes y proyectos de la institución
Authors: Alonso-Arévalo Julio , Vázquez-Vázquez Marta
Published: May 2018

Las bibliotecas universitarias existen dentro del contexto de sus instituciones específicas y comparten con estas entornos políticos, sociales y normativos más amplios. Los efectos de la innovación tecnológica han sido rápidos, significativos y bien documentados; en consecuencia, las bibliotecas han respondido positivamente a estos cambios en función de la forma en que la gente lee, comunica e investiga proporcionando contenido digital y renovando los espacios para apoyar las nuevas necesidades de trabajo y de información de sus usuarios. En el artículo se recogen algunas contribuciones y estudios que demuestran el valor de la biblioteca universitaria para sus instituciones y sus usuarios; así como las tendencias de futuro que más relevantes en este contexto.
El magisterio de Alonso Zamora Vicente: Salamanca como lección
Authors: Pascual Rodríguez José Antonio
Published: May 2018

El magisterio de Alonso Zamora Vicente, que se encuentra también fuera de las aulas, permite ver cómo Salamanca es una lección que supo enseñar a sus discípulos.
La propuesta fantástica de Smith y Ramírez, S. L.
Authors: Rodríguez Gutiérrez Borja
Published: May 2018

En este artículo en memoria del profesor D. Alonso Zamora Vicente se aborda el estudio de una de sus obras Smith y Ramírez, S. A. desde el punto de la fantasía. Se analiza en profundidad uno de sus relatos, Anita, poniéndolo en relación con otras obras del género.
Lived Experiences of Parents with Children Diagnosed with Cancer in Trinidad: Challenges and Coping Strategies
Authors: Onuoha Philip , Ramdeen-Mootoo Gloria , Alexander Denise , Ali-Jadoobir Dana , Bedeshi Greer , George Natasha , Mitchell Chivonne , Vitalis Tricia
Published: May 2018

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the lived experiences of parents pertaining to how cancer in their family affected their lives. In particular the study detailed the participants’ challenges and the strategies they adopted in dealing with the challenges. Methodology: An exploratory phenomenology method was used to guide the study. The participants were selected from the Paediatric Oncology Clinic at The Wendy Fitzwilliam’s Paediatric Hospital. Triangulation of different strategies namely, a focus group interview and four key informant interviews were utilized to collect data from ten parents. The data was audiotaped, transcribed and organized into codes and themes. Results: In the main, findings revealed three main themes: reliance on spirituality to cope, psychosocial challenges, and social support system. This study revealed that the lived experiences of parents who care for their children diagnosed with Cancer, are like a never-ending struggle. Discussion: Regardless of the substantial progress in the treatment of Cancer, childhood Cancer is still emotionally, physically, and psychologically challenging for parents and nurses. This was discussed vis a vis literature. Recommendation: The themes highlighted offer opportunities for additional qualitative and quantitative research in the field of oncology and its impact on Trinidadian parents and the Trinidad family system and dynamics. However, further research is needed from the nursing perspective to focus on paediatric oncology.
Enseñar y aprender, la poética de la presencia en un aula de primaria: un estudio narrativo
Authors: Galvañ Maria Dolores Molina
Published: May 2018

El presente texto es una composición narrativa sobre la vida que transcurre en un aula de primaria y que es fruto de un estudio en el que se ha acompañado, durante dos cursos escolares, a una maestra en su quehacer cotidiano en el aula. Este relato forma parte del trabajo de dos proyectos de investigación que tienen por finalidad transformar la formación inicial del profesorado. Y cuyo foco de estudio es indagar el saber que nace de la experiencia de docentes de educación infantil y primaria, para explorar su valor formativo y sus posibles implicaciones para la formación inicial. Una de las fases de desarrollo de los proyectos han sido los estudios con docentes. Estudios en los que se ha acompañado a docentes que están preocupados por el cuidado de las relaciones educativas y por hacer de su enseñanza un proceso de creación curricular. Se ha puesto la atención en estos procesos para tratar de revelar, en las prácticas pedagógicas de estos docentes, las cualidades educativas que emergen, las disposiciones subjetivas y los saberes que sostienen y les dan sentido a su quehacer docente. El enfoque metodológico desarrollado ha sido la indagación narrativa para adecuarse una investigación centrada en la experiencia y el saber de la experiencia. En la composición narrativa del estudio con esta maestra de primaria, se ha seguido el hilo de la corporalidad y la presencia.