bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validity and reliability of the Finnish Motivation for Physical Activity (RM4-FM) questionnaire
Authors: Uimonen Mikko , Repo Jussi P. , Grönroos Kiira , Häkkinen Arja , Walker Simon
Published: January 2020

Background There is a lack of properly validated instruments measuring motivation for physical activity in the Finnish language. The study aimed to translate the Motivation for Physical Activity (RM4-FM) instrument into Finnish and examine its psychometric properties in a sample of healthy, older Finnish adults. Methods The RM4-FM was translated and linguistically validated adhering to published guidelines. The sample consisted of 102 65–75-year old participants, who completed the RM4-FM, the Physical Activity Acceptance Questionnaire (PAAQ) and sociodemographic characteristics questionnaires electronically. The RM4-FM was re-administered one month after the initial assessment. Results RM4-FM translated well into Finnish. The motivation dimension scores were skewed towards high internal and low external motivation. A floor effect was confirmed in the External regulation dimension and a ceiling effect was confirmed in the Identified regulation dimension. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated inadequacy of the four-dimension model. Separate assessment of each of the four motivation dimensions with Exploratory factor analysis showed unidimensionality for all dimensions. Exploratory factor analysis provided a best-fit model of three factors (influence of other people, intention of well-being and emotional aspect of motivation). Re-administration of the instruments showed good test-retest reliability in all motivation dimensions. Female gender, higher education and higher PAAQ score were associated to higher internal motivation and lower external motivation scores. Conclusions The Finnish version of the RM4-FM instrument provides valid and reliable scores in assessing motivation for physical activity in a sample of healthy, older Finnish adults. The score distributions suggested shortages in the scale when evaluating internally motivated subjects. The three-factor model of the RM4-FM provided more favorable structural validity compared to the original version. This work may aid in future translations into other languages and uses of the questionnaire.
Differential Activation of Neuroinflammatory Pathways in Children with Seizures: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Bartolini Luca , Moran Michael P. , Norato Gina , Thomas Bobbe , Dick Alexander D. , Wells Elizabeth , Suslovic William , Bumbut Adrian , Chamberlain James M. , Theodore William H. , Gaillard William D. , Jacobson Steven
Published: January 2020

Background Experimental and clinical findings suggest a crucial role of inflammation in epileptogenesis. We aimed to analyze levels of inflammatory cytokines in plasma and saliva from children with acute seizures and healthy controls and measure their associations with HHV6 and EBV infection. Methods We analyzed plasma from 36 children within 24 hours of acute seizures (cases) and 43 healthy controls and saliva from 44 cases and 44 controls with a multiplex immunoassay. Saliva from all controls and 65 cases and blood from 26 controls and 35 cases were also analyzed by ddPCR for viral DNA. Statistical analysis included Wilcoxon Rank Sum test, Fisher’s exact test, ANOVA and Spearman correlation. Results Compared to controls, children with breakthrough seizures (n=18) had higher levels of CCL11 (p<0.001), CCL26 (p<0.001), IL-8 (p=0.03), CCL4 (p=0.02) in plasma. Children with new onset seizures (n=13) showed higher levels of CCL11 (p=0.05) and IL-6 (p=0.01). Patients with febrile seizures (n=5) had higher levels of IFNγ (p<0.001), IL-6 (p<0.001), IL-10 (p<0.001), CXCL10 (p=0.001). CCL11 was higher with 3 or more seizures (p=0.01), seizures longer than 10 minutes (p=0.001) and when EEG showed focal slowing (p=0.02). In saliva, febrile seizures had higher levels of IL-1β (n=7, p=0.04) and new onset seizures had higher IL-6 (n=15, p=0.02). Plasma and saliva cytokine levels did not show correlation. Frequency of HHV-6 and EBV detection was similar across seizure types and not different than controls. We found no correlation between viral load and cytokine levels Conclusions We showed differential activation of neuroinflammatory pathways in plasma from different seizure etiologies compared to controls, unrelated to HHV-6 infection.
Stimulation of dopamine D2 receptor via quinpirole protects against brain damage after brain injury in mice
Authors: Alam Sayed Ibrar , Jo Min Gi , Kim Min Woo , Abid Noman Bin , Kim Myeong OK
Published: January 2020

Backgroung Brain injury is a major risk factor for the development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The disease still lacks a potential candidate to treat brain injury associated neurodegeneration. In the present study we aims to investigate the expression of Dopamin D2 receptor in the cortical region as well as in striatum of the injured mouse brain and further explored the neuroprotective effects of selective D2R agonist quinpirole against brain injury-associated neuropathological events after brain injury.Methods In order to test our hypothesis, a normal mice were subjected into TBI mouse model by producing penetrating injury using scalpel blade. A dose of 1mg/kg of quinpirole was daily injected to the TBI mice via intraperitonally for 7 days after producing injury. Further, the immunoblots and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed for both in vivo and in vitro.Results Our biochemical and immunohistological results demonstrated that brain injury suppresses the expression levels of D2R and deregulate the downstream signaling molecules in the cortex and striatum afte TBI at day 7. Treatment with a selective D2R agonist quinpirole regulates GSK3-β/IL-1β/Akt signaling and reduced neuroinflamation after brain injury. Concomitantly, Quinpirole treatment regulated Blood brain-barrier breakdown, reduced neuronal apoptosis and regulated synaptic dysfunction after brain injury. This is the first evidence, which showed that quinpirole treatment reduced secondary brain injury-induced neuropathological evidence in the cortex via D2R/Akt/GSK3-β signaling pathway. Moreover, our in vitro results demonstrated that quinpirole reversed MCM-mediated deleterious effects and significantly regulated D2R/GSK3-β/Akt level in HT22 cells.Conclusion Our results suggest that regulation of Dopamine D2 receptor via quinpirole would be a promising therapeutic strategy against brain injury-induced neurodegeneration.
Incidence Rates, Risk Factors, and Mortality Rates of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Haixia , Yi Mo , Jia Yuanmin , Bai Chenxiao , Jiang Di , Li Yizhang , Chen Ou
Published: January 2020

BackgroundVentilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common nosocomial infection in Intensive care units (ICUs) and is associated with the significant utilization of health-care resources. However，the incidence rates, risk factors and mortality rates of VAP are controversial.MethodsThe Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Library databases through August 2019 were independently searched by two researchers to collect all relevant studies. Data including morbidity, risk factors and mortality rates of VAP were extracted for the systematic review and meta-analysis.ResultsSixteen studies, including 4 case control studies and 12 cohort studies, on VAP were included in our analysis. In the meta-analysis, we found that the VAP rate was 22/1000 ventilator-days (95% CI 18–25%). The data demonstrated that H 2 blocker use (odds ratio (OR) 1.66; 95% CI 1.17-2.36), nasogastric tube placement (OR 2.88; 95% CI 1.03-8.04), enteral feeding (OR 3.02; 95% CI 2.18-4.20), central vascular catheter (CVC) placement (OR 3.84; 95% CI 2.55-5.78) and tracheotomy (OR 9.13; 95% CI 6.53-12.75) were risk factors of VAP. VAP was associated with an increased risk of mortality (OR 1.15; 95% CI 0.96-1.37). Four articles that were not included in the meta-analysis indicated that hyperoxemia, increased intra-abdominal pressure, and genetic polymorphism may be risk factors for VAP. ConclusionsThis study may contribute to the development of improved infection control strategies for high-risk patients. Additional studies are needed in the future to clarify the incidence rates, risk factors and mortality rates of VAP.
Follow-up of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy with optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Liu Juejun , Chen Changzheng , Lu Li , Yi Zuohuizi , Zheng Hongmei
Published: January 2020

Background To analyze the blood flow changes of radial peripapillary capillaries (RPC) and macula with time procession in patients with non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).Methods A total of 21 affected eyes and 19 unaffected eyes from 21 NAION patients, and 40 eyes of 20 healthy individuals were included. Assessments of BCVA, CFP, SD-OCT, and OCT-A were performed on NAION patients at enrollment and at 1-2 weeks, 1-2 months, and 3-6 months post-enrollment. Measures of the thickness of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (wRNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (wGCC) of the whole image in SD-OCT, vessel density of RPC (wRPC) and superficial and deep vascular complexes (wSVD, wDVD) in the whole image of OCT-A, and their superior- and inferior-hemi values (s/iRNFL, s/iGCC, s/iRPC, and s/iSVD) were assessed.Results Compared to healthy controls, wRPC (p<0.001) and wDVD (P=0.001) were significantly lower in affected eyes at baseline, and there was no significant difference in wSVD (p>0.05). The wRPC and wSVD values of affected eyes were significantly decreased at follow-up time points of 1-2 and 3-6 months compared to baseline (p=0.001, p=0.000; p=0.000, p=0.000). The sRPC values were significantly lower than iRPC at 1-2/3-6 months (p=0.001, p=0.000), and sSVD values were lower than iSVD at 1-2 months (p=0.010). Statistically significant correlations were found between wRPC and wRNFL values at 3-6 months (r=0.626, p=0.022), between wSVD and wGCC at 1-2 weeks and 1-2 months (r=0.570, r=0.436; p=0.007, p=0.048).Conclusion OCT-A revealed a sectorial reduction in vessel density in RPC and macula with the disease progression of NAION from acute to atrophic stages, a classification associated with structural deficits.
Integrated bioinformatics analysis of aberrantly methylated-differentially expressed genes and pathways in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Shen Yinchen , Li Mo , Liu Kun , Xu Xiaoyin , Zhu Shaopin , Wang Ning , Guo Wenke , Zhao Qianqian , Lu Ping , Yu Fudong , Xu Xun
Published: January 2020

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents the leading cause of visual impairment in the aging population. The goal of this study was to identify aberrantly methylated-differentially expressed genes (MDEGs) in AMD and explore the involved pathways by integrated bioinformatic analysis. Methods: Data of expression profiling GSE29801 and methylation profiling GSE102952 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We analyzed differentially methylated genes and differentially expressed genes in R software. Functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed using R package and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes online database. Hub genes were identified using Cytoscape. Results: 827 and 592 genes showed high and low expression, respectively, in GSE29801; 4117 hyper-methylated genes and 511 hypo-methylated genes were detected in GSE102952. After overlapping, we categorized 153 genes as hyper-methylated, low-expression genes (Hyper-LGs) and 24 genes as hypo-methylated, high-expression genes (Hypo-HGs). Four Hyper-LGs ( CKB , PPP3CA , TGFB2 , SOCS2 ) overlapped with AMD risk genes in Public Health Genomics and Precision Health Knowledge Base. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated Hypo-HGs were enriched in the calcium signaling pathway, whereas Hyper-LGs were enriched in sphingolipid metabolism. In GO analysis, Hypo-HGs were enriched in fibroblast migration, membrane raft, coenzyme binding, etc. Hyper-LGs were enriched in mRNA transport, nuclear speck, DNA binding, etc. In PPI networks analysis, 23 nodes and 2 edges were established from Hypo-HGs, and 151 nodes and 73 edges were established from Hyper-LGs. Hub genes ( DHX9 , MAPT , PAX6 ) showed the greatest overlap. Conclusion: This study revealed potentially aberrantly MDEGs and pathways in AMD, which may improve the understanding of this disease.
Altered synaptic ultrastructure in the prefrontal cortex of Shank3-deficient rats
Authors: Jacot-Descombes Sarah , Keshav Neha U , Dickstein Dara L. , Wicinski Bridget , Janssen William G. M. , Hiester Liam , Harony-Nicolas Hala , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Hof Patrick R. , Varghese Merina
Published: January 2020

Background Deletion or mutations of SHANK3 lead to Phelan-McDermid syndrome and monogenic forms of autism spectrum disorder. SHANK3 encodes its eponymous scaffolding protein at excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Altered dendritic and spine morphology in the hippocampus, cerebellum and striatum have been associated with behavioral impairments in various Shank3-deficient animal models. Given the attentional deficit reported in these animals, our study explored whether deficiency of Shank3 in a rat model alters synaptic ultrastructure in the medial prefrontal cortex. Methods We used electron microscopy to determine the density of asymmetric synapses in layer III excitatory neurons of the medial prefrontal cortex in 5 week-old Shank3-homozygous knockout ( Shank3 -KO), heterozygous ( Shank3 -Het), and wild-type (WT) rats. We also measured postsynaptic density length, postsynaptic density area, and head diameter of dendritic spines at these synapses. Results All three groups had comparable synapse density and postsynaptic density length. Spine head diameter of Shank3 -Het rats, but not Shank3 -KO, was larger than WT rats. Shank3 -Het rats had wider head diameter in non-perforated synapses compared to WT and Shank3 -KO rats. The total postsynaptic density area was significantly larger in Shank3 -Het rats compared to Shank3 -KO and WT rats. These findings represent preliminary evidence for synaptic ultrastructural alterations in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats that lack one copy of Shank3 and mimic the heterozygous loss of SHANK3 in Phelan-McDermid syndrome. Limitations The Shank3 deletion in the rat model we used does not affect all isoforms of the protein and as such, would only model the effect of the mutations resulting in loss of the N-terminus of the protein. Given the higher prevalence of ASD in males, this study focused only on synaptic ultrastructure in male Shank3 -deficient rats. Conclusions We observed increased head diameter and postsynaptic density area in rats heterozygous for Shank3 deficiency. Further investigations of the mechanisms leading to altered synaptic ultrastructure in this animal model will enable us to understand better the role that Shank3 protein plays in autism spectrum disorder and Phelan-McDermid syndrome.
Relationship Between Postoperative Lordosis Distribution Index And Adjacent Segment Disease Following L4-S1 Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Zheng Guoquan , Wang Chunguo , Wang Tianhao , Hu Wenhao , Ji Quanbo , Hu Fanqi , Li Jianrui , Chaudhary Surendra K , Song Kai , Song Diyu , Zhang Zhifa , Hao Yongyu , Wang Yao , Li Jing , Zheng Qingyuan , Zhang Xuesong , Wang Yan
Published: January 2020

Background. ASD is an acknowledged problem of PLIF. Many studies have been reported concerning the role of LDI in spinal biomechanics. However, few reports have been published about the impact of LDI on ASD following L4-S1 PLIF. Methods. The study enrolled 200 subjects who underwent L4-S1 PLIF for degenerative spine disease from 2009 to 2014. The average follow-up term was 84 months. Several lower lumbar parameters were measured, including lower lumbar lordosis (LLL), lumbar lordosis (LL) and LDI on the pre- and postoperative radiograph. Perioperative information, comorbidities and operative data were documented. Kaplan-Meier curves were plotted for the comparisons of ASD-free survival of 3 different kinds of postoperative LDI subgroups. Results. The incidence of ASD was found to be 8.5%. LL and LLL increased by 3.96 ° (38.71 ° vs 42.67 ° , P ＜ 0.001) and 3.60 ° (26.22 ° vs 28.82 ° , P ＜ 0.001) after lower lumbar fusion surgery, respectively. Lordosis distribution index (LDI) increased by 0.03 (0.66 vs 0.69, P=0.004) postoperatively. A significant difference(P=0.001) was observed when comparing the incidence of ASD among postoperative LDI subgroups. The Kaplan-Meier curves showed a marked difference in ASD-free survival between low and moderate LDI subgroup (Log Rank test, P=0.0012) , high and moderate LDI subgroup (Log Rank test, P=0.0005) Conclusion. Patients with abnormal postoperative LDI were statistically more likely to develop ASD than those who had normal postoperative LDI. Moreover, patients with low postoperative LDI were at greater risk for developing ASD than those with high postoperative LDI over time.
A presentation on EFECE: A new locking and compressing device with Kirschner-wire and a prelımınary study for bıomechanıcal evaluatıon of thıs system  
Authors: Karadeniz emre
Published: January 2020

Background This study aims to refine the biomechanical properties of a new Kirschner wire locking and compressing implant called EFECE.Methods EFECE implants are 5 mm in length, cylinder-shaped wire locking and compressing implants with an 8 mm radius and a hole for insertion of 1.2 mm Kirschner wire. The EFECE implant contains two pieces that are attached to each other with threads. The top piece functions as a cap, while the second piece contains three gloves for the insertion of magnetically active three balls. The locking mechanism is applied with the help of the balls in the cone-shaped gloves. The locking strength of these implants is determined through the following methods: for group 1, distraction force is applied to the devices until failure is reached, and then maximum force and total extension at the time of failure are evaluated; for group 2, cyclic distraction forces are applied to the implants against cyclic loading, and then the presence of failure and the maximum extension in a cycle are evaluated.Results In group 1, the mean pullout strength was 920 Newton, and the mean extension was 5 mm. In group 2 there was no failure, and the mean maximum extension was 1.2 mm.Conclusions EFECE implant holding power is sufficient for fracture stabilization. Our results show that these implants can be used for fracture fixation. The characteristics associated with this procedure (compression along Kirschner wires, freedome from bone quality fixation, percutaneous surgical technique, and the use of magnets for implant removal) may change surgical daily practice in the near future.
Health Information Seeking Behavior of Breast Cancer Patients: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ravangard Ramin , Chaman-Ara Kefayat , Bahrami Elham , bahrami mohammad amin
Published: January 2020

Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer of women worldwide. This study was aimed to review systematically the current literature on the health information seeking behavior of breast cancer patients and to conduct the qualitative analysis of findings. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, CINHAL, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane database of systematic review, PSYCINO, SID and Magiran databases. A total of 60 articles included in the study. Findings of all studies were extracted, the content analysis was conducted and a series of themes and categories were identified Results: 13 themes were identified in the published studies. The related findings of all themes are presented and discussed. Conclusion: We summarized and classified all the findings of studies on the health information seeking behavior of breast cancer patients. Our classification can be used for the comprehensive examination of the breast cancer patients’ health information seeking behavior to develop improvement policies.
Hospital Utilization for Non-Traumatic Dental Conditions in Oregon from 2013 to 2015
Authors: Brow Avery , Tranby Eric P. , Boynes Sean G
Published: January 2020

Introduction: Poor oral health remains a national concern impacting overall health and continues to burden an already overtaxed health care system. These issues are exacerbated by differing levels of coverage nationally, particularly in those states that lack any public oral health coverage. Those with significant and immediate need are forced to seek care from alternative settings and often are not equipped to provide dental treatment. Oregon operates a unique system called Coordinated Care Organizations (CCOs) designed to link providers from across disciplines and focus on prevention and chronic disease management. Methods: Using claims data from the All-Payer, All-Claims (APAC) database, this paper evaluates claims from 2013 to 2015 for all patients presenting to an emergency department (ED) or as an inpatient for a non-traumatic dental condition (NTDC) in the state of Oregon. Results: ED visits for NTDCs increased from 2013 to 2015 with 79% of ED visits for a dental condition paid for by Medicaid, and those aged 20-34 had the highest visit rate across all 3 years. Black and American Indian or Alaskan Native patients had the highest ED utilization. Residents of rural counties were more likely to utilize the ED than urban county residents. 76% of patients visited the ED 1 time with a charge of $13,888,516. Consistent with other findings, the increased visits are likely due to expanded Medicaid coverage. Increased usage by rural residents is also supported by other studies. Conclusions: This paper continues to demonstrate the need for multi-level solutions that continue to decrease ED utilization across Oregon.
Effect of low-dose exogenous surfactant on infants with acute respiratory distress syndrome after cardiac surgery: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Zhang Rongyuan , Wang Xu , Li Shoujun , Yan Jun
Published: January 2020

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of low-dose exogenous surfactant therapy on infants suffering acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) after cardiac surgery. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study of the archive data of infants diagnosed with ARDS after cardiac surgery and admitted to pediatric cardiac surgical intensive care unit (PICU). A case was defined as a patient that received surfactant and standard therapy; a control was defined as a patient that underwent standard therapy. Controls were identified by matching patients based on age(±30d), weight(±3kg), risk adjustment congenital heart surgery-1 (RACHS-1), and initial ratio of partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) (±10). Outcome variables namely oxygenation indices (OI), ventilation index (VI), mechanical ventilation time and PICU time were compared.Results: Forty-four patients, 22 who received surfactant (surfactant group) and 22 who did not (control group) were analyzed. Surfactant group obtained a significant improvement on OI (13.9 vs 5.62; p=0.000) and VI (42.0 vs 22.4; p=0.000) in 6 hours, while control group got no improvement on OI (13.2 vs 11.5; p=0.065) and VI (40.2 vs 36.4; p=0.100). Compared with control group, surfactant group had shorter ventilation time (133.6h vs 218.4h; p=0.000) and PICU time (10.7d vs 17.5d; p=0.001). Infants in surfactant group under 3 months benefit more from OI and VI than infants over 3 months.Conclusions: In congenital heart disease infants with post-surgery ARDS, low-dose exogenous surfactant treatment could prominently improve oxygenation and reduced mechanical ventilation time and PICU time. And the improvement of oxygenation is more effective for infants under 3 months.
A comprehensive analysis of antigen-specific autoimmune liver disease related autoantibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Tsouris Zisis , Liaskos Christos , Dardiotis Efthymios , Barmakoudi Maria , Scheper Thomas , Tsimourtou Vana , Meyer Wolfgang , Hadjigeorgiou George , Bogdanos Dimitrios
Published: January 2020

Introduction : Abnormal liver function tests are frequently seen in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and their origin at times is attributed to the possible co-occurrence or the de novo induction of autoimmune liver diseases (AILDAiLD), namely autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Aim: To assess the presence of AILD-related autoantibodies in a well-defined cohort of MS patients. Material and Methods : 133 MS (93 female) patients (mean age 42.7±11.9SD years, mean duration of disease 11.2 ±7.2 years were studied. Eighty age and sex-matched healthy individuals were tested as normal controls (NCs). Autoantibody testing was performed by indirect immunofluorescence (IF) using triple tissue and HEp-2, a multiparametric line immunoassay detecting anti-LKM1(anti-CYP2D6), anti-LC1(anti-FTCD), soluble liver antigen/liver-pancreas(anti-SLA/LP), AMA-M2, and (AMA-M2-3E), PBC-specific ANA (anti-gp210, anti-sp100 and anti-PML), and ELISA for anti-F-actin SMA and anti-dsDNA antibodies. Results : The prevalence of at least one AILD-related autoabs was more frequent in MS patients compared to NCs (22.3% vs 7.25% p=0.0045). AIH-1 related anti-F-actin antibodies were present in 21 (15.8%), at relatively low titres (all but three of the SMA-VG pattern by IF); anti-dsDNA in 3 (2.3%), and anti-SLA/LP in none; AIH-2 anti-LKM1 autoantibodies in 1 (0.8 %, negative by IF), and anti-LC1 in none. PBC-specific AMA-M2 in 2 (1.5%), but negative for AMA-M2-3E and IF) and PBC-specific ANA anti-PML in 6 (4.5%), anti-sp100 in 1 (0.8 %) and anti-gp210 in 1 (0.8 %). Amongst the 30 MS patients with at least one autoab positivity, only 4 (3%) had overt AILD (2 AIH-1 and 2 PBC). Conclusions : Despite the relatively frequent presence of liver autoantibodies, tested either by IF or monospecific assays, overt disease is rather infrequent discouraging autoantibody screening strategies of MS patients in the absence of clinical suspicion.
Who Should Discuss Advance Directives With Patients With Cancer and When? A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Boyer Pierre , Gimenez Laëtitia , Druel Vladimir , Marcaud Alicia , Rougé-Bugat Marie-Eve
Published: January 2020

Background Among patients with cancer, discussion about the desired care is important, because progression of the disease, particularly signs of impaired consciousness, can lead to unwanted care in situations where no advance directives (ADs) have been provided. The aim of this study was to identify the most appropriate individual and time for addressing the subject of ADs with patients with cancer.Methods A systematic literature review was carried out between September 2014 and August 2015, using the following databases or sets of databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, EM Premium, and the French database Public Health Data Bank. The methodological aspects of the articles were selected and evaluated with the help of PRISMA international guidelines.Results Of the 1170 articles identified, 7 were included (6 descriptive studies, 1 interventional study). A doctor was cited as the preferred individual for discussing the subject of advance directives with the patient. In 3 studies, this was listed as a general practitioner, whereas in the other 3 studies, it was an oncologist. The most opportune time was during the absence of a serious pathology (3 studies) and at the time the disease was diagnosed (2 studies).Conclusions Our results support the goals of Claeys-Leonetti, a 2016 French law concerned with the rights of patients receiving end-of-life care, and they suggest the implementation of a consultation for discussing and drafting ADs.
Image of the Great Mother Yan Zhengzai in the Chinese Culture and Literature
Authors: Yongju Fu , Yufu Zhu
Published: January 2020

This article aims to present Confucius’ mother, Yan Zhengzai, in the Chinese ancient literature and history, remembering her feats of home education and praising her wisdom as the first representative of wise women in the Chinese traditional culture.
China has never had a Mother’s Day, because there is no consensus on the typical representative of a Chinese mother. Confucius (28 September 551 B.C. — 11 April 479 B.C.) is one of the representatives of Chinese culture, his doctrine — Confucianism — is the foundation and spiritual mentality of the Chinese nation. Yang Zhengzai was both Confucius’s mother and first teacher. With her unique and new vision, concept, content, and teaching method, she brought up Confucius as the “Wise Teacher of Antiquity”, a great thinker, and educator of the traditional society of ancient China. She left the precious wisdom for Chinese matriarchal culture behind, making this great woman a worthy Chinese Holy Mother.
This paper details the hard mental journey of the great mother and her teaching principles for the dignified development of the great son, as well as presenting other Chinese great mothers.
The authors note that Yan Zhengzai is the most successful female model of family education in China and the world. Therefore, the authors propose to establish a Mother’s Day in China honoring Yang Zhengzai.
Sacred Objects of the Livonian Order
Authors: Emanov Alexandr G. , Komarov Ivan P.
Published: January 2020

This article explores the sacred patronage in Livonian order. There are 350 sacred objects in Livonia in the 14th-16th centuries, such as altars, chapels, churches, monasteries, and hospitals. Half of them have the saints patrons which have been identified. A third was inherited from old religious and secular keepers, while the rest were founded by the Livonian order. The most prominent among the saint patrons are Virgin Mary, St. George, St. John, St. Anna, St. Catherine, and St. Nicholas. They are followed by St. Andrey, Gertrud, Michael, Jacob, Margarita, and Olaf. The most observed and revered are the Biblical and early Christian saints, equally celebrated in the Western and Eastern Christian churches.
Novgorod Palace Ministry in the 17th century
Authors: Vаrentsova Larisa Yu.
Published: January 2020

A special place in the sphere of feudal tenure of the Russian state in the 17th century belonged to the Tsar’s domain — the tsarist household, consisting of estates in various counties. These estates were called palace estates and were in charge of court ministries. Among them, the most important were the Great Palace, as well as the “Bread” Ministry (Prikaz) and the Ministry of Secret Affairs. The activity of the Novgorod Palace Ministry in the 17th century was studied to a lesser extent.
This article determines the place of the Novgorod Palace Ministry in the system of Russian central authorities in the 17th century. The historiographic basis of this article includes the works of the well-known Russian pre-revolutionary historians S. Veselovsky and A. Gnevushev, as well as the researchers of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods D. Liseytsev, N. Rogozhin, Y. Eskin, and N. Demidova. Gnevushev first raised the question of the functioning of the Novgorod Palace Ministry in the early 20th century. In 1911, he published documents on the history of the ministry, accompanied by a brief essay. A significant contribution to the study of the Novgorod Palace Ministry belongs to the contemporary researcher — D. V. Liseytsev, who studied its activities in the era of Troubles.
In this article, the author analyzes the Novgorod Palace Ministry as the major component of the Russian power institution from the moment of its foundation until the late 17th century. The source base includes both published and unpublished records of management documentation of the Novgorod Palace Ministry of the 17th century. The documents were preserved in the private collection of the historian of literature, ethnographer, collector and researcher of Old Russian writing, corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, E. Barsov (fund 450) in the Department of Written Sources of the State Historical Museum (Moscow), as well as in the fund № 396 of the Armory Chamber of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts (Moscow). All these documents represent a unique collection of original notebooks and expendable books on the issue of salaries for service, aimed “for the Tsar’s use”, as well as scripts and description books of palace towns and municipalities, peasants’ request letters for different years of the 17th century. Especially important sources include the ministry documentation published in the book “The Novgorod Palace Ministry in the 17th century” by A. Gnevushev, as well as the acts published in the “Russian Historical Library” and “Addenda to the Acts of History” in the late 19th century.
The author has studied the main functions of the Novgorod Palace and defined the structure of this ministry. He has revealed the place of the Novgorod Palace Ministry in the system of the Russian power system in the 17th century. The Novgorod Palace Ministry operated extensive tsarist estates in the Veliky Novgorod District; it had economic and political independence, though it was still considered a branch of the Grand Palace Ministry.
Linguistic Universals in Legal Texts (English, French, and Russian)
Authors: Zverev Alexander G.
Published: January 2020

This article describes a study of legal texts (in English, French, and Russian) to confirm J. Greenberg’s linguistic universals № 11 and 14. The linguistic universal № 14 refers to the ordering of subject, object, and verb in a conditional clause. Anna Wierzbicka refers the predicate “if” (which forms the conditional) to the number of semantic primitives. The linguistic universal № 11 asserts in declarative sentences with nominal subject and object, the predominant dominant order has the subject followed by the object.
This study revises some of the most important provisions set forth by J. Greenberg for the languages with SVO word order. Some languages use relatively restrictive word order, often relying on the order of constituents to convey important grammatical information. Others — often those that convey grammatical information through inflection — allow more flexibility, which can be used to encode pragmatic information such as topicalisation or focus. It is hypothesized that, due to genre-stylistic and historical-cultural specificity, the texts of laws in French and English do not have a dominant word order. Texts of laws in Russian for the same reasons also do not have a dominant SVO word order.
Google Trends ‘Dolar’ Aramaları İle Dolar Kuru Arasındaki İlişkinin Keşfi
Authors: Kocabıyık Turan , Teker Türker , Aksoy Esra
Published: January 2020

Dünyada ve Türkiye’de oldukça büyük bir yeri olan Google, akıllı telefonlar ve bilgisayarlar sayesinde milyarlarca kullanıcıya hizmet sunmaktadır. Kullanıcılar yapmış oldukları aramalar ile büyük bir bilgi ve analiz havuzu oluşturulmasına katkı sağlamaktadır. Bununla beraber Google Trends ise bu anlamda farklı bir hizmet sunmakta ve dünya üzerinde yapılan bütün Google aramalarının incelenmesine ve istatistiksel bilgilerin elde edilmesine imkân sunmaktadır. Elde edilen bilgiler, reklamcılık, pazarlama gibi birçok alanda tüketici davranış ve tutumları üzerinden çıkarımlar yapmaya imkan sunmaktadır. Ayrıca bu istatistikler farklı alanlarda toplumun ilgilendiği, takip ettiği hususlar ya da kavramlar hakkında farkındalık yaratmakta ve akademik çalışmalar için de yol gösterici olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, “Dolar” anahtar kelimesine ait aramalara ilişkin Google Trends aracılığıyla elde edilen son 5 yıldaki aranma sayıları ile aynı dönemdeki Dolar kurunun seyrinin nedensellik bağlamında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada Toda-Yamamoto nedensellik analizi yapılmış ve değişkenler arasındaki ilişki belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular, Dolar kurundaki seyrin, doğrudan Google aramaları üzerinde etkili olduğunu ve Google arama rakamlarına etki ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda tam tersi şekilde Google arama sayılarından Dolar Kuruna doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi de tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar Türkiye’de Amerikan Doları’nın halk arasında sıkça merak edilen ve takip edilen bir para birimi olduğunu ve Dolar’da fiyat hareketliliği oldukça bu durumun Dolar’a olan ilgiyi artırdığını, ayrıca internet aramalarında yaşanan artışı takiben fiyatlarda da benzer hareketler görüldüğünü ortaya koymaktadır.
POTENCY TO RECYCLE HYDRAPULPER REJECT WASTE OF PAPER MILL INTO COMPOSITE PARTICLEBOARD
Authors: Rizaluddin Andri Taufick , Setiawan Yusup
Published: January 2020

Solid waste of paper mill hydrapulper reject (HR) has a relatively high plastic content, with around 45-49% composition of the total HR. About 99% of the plastic has the catagory of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). HDPE is a type of Polyethylene (PE) plastic which has high recyclability and may be reformed at high temperature. This study tries to discribe the potential of producing particleboards derived from HR using a hot-press method. Molded HR was being hot-pressed at a presssure of 25 kgf/cm2for 5 – 15 minutes of residence time, with a variation of of the amount of HR from 150-500 gram, and variations in hot-press temperature of 150-180°C. The resulting product is then analyzed for parameters of moisture content, density, water absorption, thickness swelling, and internal bond compared to SNI 03-2105-2006 and JIS A 5908-2003. The results showed that most of the samples were relatively accepted to the SNI. The best results are obtained at HR weight of 250 gram with 165 and 180°C pressing temperature, and pressing time more than 10 minutes. The addition of HDPE pellets shows an increment of density and decrement of moisture content of particleboard, while the addition of MA shows some decrements of moisture content and water absoption of particleboard.
ADSORPTION AND REGENERATION OF SUNGAI PASAK PUMICE AS AN ADSORBENT FOR AMMONIUM REMOVAL IN WATER
Authors: Pratiwi Ningsih Ika , Huwaida Annisa , Indah Shinta , Helard Denny
Published: January 2020

Pumice is known as a low-cost material with a porous structure, has the potential as an adsorbent to remove various kinds of pollutant compounds. The abundance of pumice is found in Sungai Pasak area and it never been utilized. This study was performed to see the ability of Sungai Pasak pumice as an adsorbent for ammonium removal in water along with its ability to be regenerated. The study was carried out triplo in batches to obtain optimum adsorption conditions which were then used in desorption experiments using HCl 0.1 M agent for regeneration process. The optimum conditions obtained: adsorbate pH 6, adsorbent dose 0.3 g/l, contact time 30 minutes, adsorbent diameter 63 µm and adsorbate concentration 4 mg/l. The results showed that pumice has ability to remove ammonium with adsorption capacity at optimum conditions were 47.06% and 6.27 mg/g with Freundlich's isotherm equation (R2=0.997). Acid agents are able to adsorb ammonium from pumice with an average desorption percentage 88.89% after 2 times of reuse, proving that acidic agents are able to regenerate pumice adsorbents so they can be reused. The potential for adsorption and regeneration of the Sungai Pasak pumice can be utilized to treat water with ammonium such as groundwater and waste water.
North Frisian dialects: A quantitative investigation using a parallel corpus of translations
Authors: Birkenes M.B.
Published: January 2020

North Frisian is well-known for its small-scale variation and the traditional classification found in Århammar (1968) assumes as many as ten dialect groups within a small area. Until this day, however, a dialect classification based on quantitative methods is lacking and the criteria for the traditional classification are also far from clear. In order to address this problem, the paper uses parallel text material (the questionnaires from Georg Wenker's “Sprachatlas des Deutschen Reichs”) and character n-grams (tri­grams). Applying cosine distance to the trigram inventories of 55 North Frisian questionnaires, the paper employs several dimension re­duction techniques, e. g. multidimensional scaling, Neighbor-Net and hierarchical cluster analysis and compares the results with the traditional classification. While the latter can be confirmed to a large extent, the distinctions within Southern Mainland North Frisian seem to be less clear. Using an association measure (log-likelihood), prominent features are extracted for the six main dialect groups that emerge on basis of the aggregated data. Finally, the paper discusses the quality of the North Frisian Wenker questionnaires in the light of these findings.
Distribution of collocational expressions from the perspective of psychological and contextual meaning
Authors: Ahmad Bestun Hassan
Published: January 2020

This study, entitled (Distribution of collocational expressions from the perspective of psychological and contextual meaning: Proverbs as an example), uses descriptive analysis method whilst its data is gathered from literature and from native speakers.

Apart from the introduction, the study consists of two parts: The first part is devoted to introducing the formulaic expressions and proverbs. The science of psychology of language is separated from psycholinguistics by explaining the scope and aim of each of them.

The second part of the study which has two sections describes various psychological dimensions. The first section, depending on psychological literature, introduces problems and psychological disorders which can be found in proverbs. In the second section of the second part, examples of the Kurdish proverbs are listed under the titles of the problems and psychological disorders. Whenever needed, the proverbs are explained psychologically.

Finally, the results, the list of references and an Arabic and English version of the abstract of the study are given.
De Monte Albán a chinatown: montajes fallidos, mudanzas inciertas
Authors: Peimbert Duarte Alejandro José
Published: January 2020

El artículo aborda tres sitios en Mexicali, México, encadenados no solo territorialmente, sino por los hilos de la historia: el río Nuevo, los condominios Monte Albán y el barrio La Chinesca. Cada uno de estos lugares evidencia no solo la conformación de un paisaje híbrido; sino que, según se  argumenta en el texto, ciertos lugares fundacionales inscritos en dicho paisaje han sido transformados por diversas formas de especulación. Así, los cambios en el territorio son definidos por una sucesión de montajes fallidos y mudanzas inciertas.
La eficacia horizontal de los derechos fundamentales
Authors: Anzures Gurría José Juan
Published: January 2020

Si se entiende que los derechos fundamentales son límites al poder, y hoy en día el poder (económico o social) se ostenta no sólo por el Estado sino también por los particulares, resulta razonable expandir la eficacia de estos derechos a las relaciones privadas, según predica la teoría de la Drittwirkung. La cual se divide en dos corrientes, la mediata y la inmediata; la primera sostiene que la forma en que los derechos fundamentales despliegan sus efectos en las relaciones privadas será mediante la intervención de un órgano del Estado, concibiendo a los derechos como valores objetivos; la segunda, entiende que los derechos fundamentales son verdaderos derechos subjetivos y por ello no hace falta la intervención de ningún órgano estatal. Pero más que teórico, el problema es procesal y radica en hallar la protección jurisdiccional de los derechos fundamentales, ante su posible vulneración, en las relaciones particulares; problema que el Tribunal Constitucional español ha resuelto imputando la violación de los derechos fundamentales que tuvo origen en una relación privada, al Poder Judicial, pues éste tiene por mandato constitucional el deber de protegerlos.
Tensiones entre derecho a la intimidad y libertad de expresión. El caso argentino
Authors: Benente Mauro
Published: January 2020

En el presente trabajo se intenta brindar un criterio para resolver determinadas tensiones entre el derecho a la intimidad y la libertad de expresión teniendo en cuenta el caso argentino y la insuficiencia de las pautas jurisprudenciales que los tribunales argentinos aplican. Para realizar la aproximación a tal criterio, se sostendrá que la protección a la libertad de expresión garantizada por el derecho positivo argentino posee un sustento filosófico más cercano al republicanismo que al liberalismo, con una concepción de la libertad de expresión como prerrequisito del sistema democrático. Finalmente, y una vez detallado el criterio que el autor propone, será el momento de ponerlo a prueba con un caso resonante resuelto por la Corte Suprema argentina.
O problema da ratificação e da denúncia dos tratados internacionais no sistema constitucional brasileiro
Authors: Faria Nunes Paulo Henrique
Published: January 2020

En los últimos años han sido frecuentes los trabajos sobre la validez de los tratados internacionales en el derecho brasileño, especialmente después de la aprobación de la Enmienda Constitucional 45/2004. Sin embargo, hay muchas cuestiones que merecen ser discutidas y repensadas en lo tocante a la manifestación de la voluntad del Estado, puesto que el sistema jurídico brasileño presenta lagunas graves relacionadas con el treaty making power. La ratificación es un acto por el cual el Estado establece de modo definitivo su voluntad en el plano internacional; no obstante, hay que observar los procedimientos necesarios para realizar la “ratificación interna” y el papel ejercido por los poderes Ejecutivo y Legislativo; la denuncia es un acto por el cual el Estado cancela unilateralmente el cumplimiento de un tratado. Al final, se anotan sugerencias de corrección de algunas de las lagunas encontradas en el sistema constitucional brasileño en lo que respecta a la ratificación y la denuncia de los tratados.
Oposición y control parlamentario en México
Authors: Mora-Donatto Cecilia
Published: January 2020

Uno de los principales retos que enfrenta el Congreso mexicano es el de consolidar una oposición parlamentaria corresponsable que contribuya a que el Poder Legislativo se convierta en un órgano que colabore, fiscalice y sirva de contrapeso al Ejecutivo federal. Es decir, una oposición que ayude a construir los grandes acuerdos que necesita el Estado mexicano; para alcanzar tal fin, en el presente estudio se analiza lo que podría conocerse como el estatuto de la oposición, esto es, el conjunto de instrumentos con los que constitucionalmente cuenta la oposición parlamentaria para convertirse en una oposición seria y responsable.
¿Se necesita una nueva Constitución en México? Algunas reflexiones y seis propuestas
Authors: Carpizo Jorge
Published: January 2020

En México se expedirá una nueva Constitución cuando la realidad política y la social lo requieran. Sin embargo, por el momento, no es necesario, ya que son más los aspectos negativos y peligrosos que los positivos, situación que nos llevarían a un serio riesgo de retroceso democrático. En todo caso, cuando se llegue el momento de expedir una nueva Constitución, debemos confiar en que se haga por la vía pacífica y como un proyecto pactado entre las principales fuerzas políticas, sometiendo el texto final a un referendo por parte del electorado. La Constitución de 1917 ha sido longeva debido, entre otras razones, a que no se ha dado una ruptura político social, su estructura fundamental ha sido aceptada mayormente por la sociedad, ha sabido evolucionar y cambiar a través de reformas constitucionales, y porque ha impulsado la paz social.
El camino a la diversidad municipal
Authors: Rabell García Enrique
Published: January 2020

La reglamentación constitucional del municipio mexicano ha propiciado su unidad institucional y la falta de diversidad gubernamental a pesar de las grandes diferencias culturales, políticas y económicas de los mismos. Los problemas comprenden desde la incapacidad de encauzar formas particulares democráticas, así como las inadecuadas estructuras administrativas y servicios locales que no obedecen a sus necesidades propias. El análisis comparativo señala una correlación inversa entre la falta de reglamentación nacional y la diversidad municipal, presentando mayores ventajas los gobiernos locales bajo regímenes variados. En nuestro caso, la abrogación o derogación parcial del artículo 115 de la ley fundamental originaría la posibilidad de que los constituyentes locales pudieran crear formas diversas para adecuar el gobierno local a las necesidades propias de cada región.