bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consideraciones para la provisión de servicios de regulación de fertilidad para mujeres durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Reyes-Torres Leonardo Cristian , López-Labarca Claudio Enrique
Published: July 2021

Introducción. La salud sexual y reproductiva (SSR) constituye un derecho humano universal. Debido a las consecuencias generadas por la pandemia del Virus SARS-COV-2 las prestaciones en salud sexual y reproductiva han sido postergadas en diferentes países. En Chile, debido a las medidas de distanciamiento social y reorganización de los servicios, se ha observado una pérdida en el acceso y continuidad de las prestaciones a causa de la reorientación de los recursos de atención primaria de salud. Las consecuencias de estas decisiones afectan a las prestaciones preventivas en SSR y descontinuación de los controles de anticoncepción. Esto último se torna más grave si se observa que este nivel resuelve el 95 % de las prestaciones de anticoncepción de toda la red pública. Objetivos. Describir las principales recomendaciones internacionales disponibles respecto del manejo de la anticoncepción en tiempos de pandemia y generar propuestas generales aplicables a nuestro país. Material y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de literatura en Pubmed, Biblioteca Cochrane y sitios web de las principales sociedades científicas internacionales de habla hispana e inglesa. Resultados. Se identificaron 6 documentos que sistematizan la información reciente y actualizada para que los países puedan enfrentar de la mejor manera las problemáticas en anticoncepción. Los resultados fueron organizados en: implementación de sistema de consultas no presenciales, sugerencias para el acceso a información/ servicios y manejo de los distintos tipos de anticoncepción. Conclusiones. La adopción de la totalidad o algunas de las medidas propuestas supone que un sistema de salud pueda prevenir las consecuencias derivadas de la pérdida de acceso y continuidad en los servicios de anticoncepción y SSR.
Deep learning-based autofocus method enhances image quality in light-sheet fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Li Chen , Moatti Adele , Zhang Xuying , Troy Ghashghaei H. , Greenbaum Alon
Published: July 2021

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is a minimally invasive and high throughput imaging technique ideal for capturing large volumes of tissue with sub-cellular resolution. A fundamental requirement for LSFM is a seamless overlap of the light-sheet that excites a selective plane in the specimen, with the focal plane of the objective lens. However, spatial heterogeneity in the refractive index of the specimen often results in violation of this requirement when imaging deep in the tissue. To address this issue, autofocus methods are commonly used to refocus the focal plane of the objective-lens on the light-sheet. Yet, autofocus techniques are slow since they require capturing a stack of images and tend to fail in the presence of spherical aberrations that dominate volume imaging. To address these issues, we present a deep learning-based autofocus framework that can estimate the position of the objective-lens focal plane relative to the light-sheet, based on two defocused images. This approach outperforms or provides comparable results with the best traditional autofocus method on small and large image patches respectively. When the trained network is integrated with a custom-built LSFM, a certainty measure is used to further refine the network’s prediction. The network performance is demonstrated in real-time on cleared genetically labeled mouse forebrain and pig cochleae samples. Our study provides a framework that could improve light-sheet microscopy and its application toward imaging large 3D specimens with high spatial resolution.
Parasitic lasing and thermoelastic deformations in Fe2+:ZnSe crystals under high-power pulsed optical pumping
Authors: Alekseev E. E. , Andronova N. M. , Kazantsev S. Y. , Selyukov A. S.
Published: July 2021

The results of numerical simulation of thermoelastic stresses arising in

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crystals, in which the profile of doping with iron ions is a curved surface, are presented. For the conditions of the same specific energy input in the doped region, for different doping profiles, the arising thermoelastic stresses and strains of the crystal were determined, and the thresholds for the appearance of parasitic generation were calculated. It was found that the doping profile in the form of a spherical surface is inferior to the checker doping profile from the point of view of the thermoelastic stresses arising during optical pumping and the possibility of scaling the laser energy.
Multifunctional and reconfigurable graphene/liquid crystal-assisted asymmetrical Fabry-Pérot cavity for reflected light control
Authors: Magno Giovanni , Grande Marco , D’Orazio Antonella
Published: July 2021

Multifunctional and reconfigurable devices are crucial for compact and smart optoelectronic devices. In this paper, we propose a multifunctional and spectrally reconfigurable asymmetric 1D PhC Fabry-Pérot cavity filled with nematic liquid crystal and bounded by two graphene monolayers. Due to the large number of available degrees of freedom, such a structure can behave as either a notch filter, an absorber, an amplitude modulator, or a phase shifter for the reflected electromagnetic waves. The chemical potential of one or both graphene monolayers can be exploited to modulate the amplitude and phase-shift angle of the reflected electromagnetic waves. Furthermore, all functions are narrowband (1 nm linewidth) and are spectrally tunable over a range of about 200 nm around the working wavelength of 1550 nm by controlling the orientation of the elongated molecules of the liquid crystal. This structure may be advantageously exploited for the realization of optical modulators and beamsteering systems.
Continuous tracking of moving objects in long-distance imaging through a turbulent medium using a 3D point cloud analysis: publisher’s note
Authors: Maor Or , Yitzhaky Yitzhak
Published: July 2021

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Eqs. (3) and (13) in [OSA Continuum 3, 2372 (2020)10.1364/OSAC.393806].
Silencio! Silencio! Silencio! Alguém está a pedir ajuda!
Authors: Fidalgo António , Fernandes Ana Sá
Published: July 2021

Não saber reconhecer quando se deve pedir o mayday pode ser um problema para o sucesso de resgate de um bombeiro. O sucesso do pedido de mayday vai aumentar com as ações proactivas do Comandante das Operações e das equipas no terreno, enquanto que o défice de formação leva a que a informação e os procedimentos importantes não sejam valorizados. Declarar um mayday não é só pegar no rádio e pedir ajuda. Primeiro tem de se saber reconhecer um mayday, como se deve declarar um pedido de ajuda e o que fazer de seguida. A abordagem ao mayday na formação dos bombeiros estagiários ainda está numa fase embrionária dado ter sido introduzida na reformulação dos conteúdos de formação no segundo semestre de 2019. O estudo desenvolvido tem como objetivo principal compreender o que é o mayday.
Impacte do sismo de 28 de fevereiro de 1969 em algumas cidades. Comparações
Authors: Vieira Ana Luísa , Oliveira Carlos Sousa
Published: July 2021

Este trabalho incide sobre o estudo do sismo de 28 de fevereiro de 1969. Procedeu-se ao levantamento de toda a informação existente sobre o fenómeno com o intuito de averiguar o seu impacte no território português. Para tal, analisou-se um largo conjunto de edifícios afetados nos distritos de Lisboa, Setúbal e Faro com vista a estabelecer padrões de danos observados de acordo com as descrições diversas, quer noticiadas nos principais jornais da época quer através de outras fontes, nomeadamente elementos soltos consultados nas Câmaras Municipais (Serviços de Proteção Civil), fotografias obtidas em hemerotecas e dados do SIPA. Estes edifícios foram classificados segundo a sua época de construção e tipologia construtiva para, posteriormente, através da Escala Macrossísmica Europeia (EMS-98), associar um índice de vulnerabilidade e um grau de dano. Esta atribuição permitiu determinar as intensidades para os distritos em estudo, seguida da sua comparação com as intensidades obtidas na época e identificar as tipologias construtivas que apresentam mais fragilidades na ocorrência de um sismo de intensidade semelhante, designadamente as construções antigas das zonas baixas de Lisboa, Setúbal, cidades do Barlavento algarvio e nas suas zonas rurais. Foram identificadas 16 vítimas mortais em Portugal Continental, sendo 3 de consequência direta do sismo.
Impacte de um ataque terrorista com uma arma nuclear contra Lisboa
Authors: Furtado José Pimentel
Published: July 2021

O impacte da detonação de uma arma nuclear numa cidade é catastrófico, causando dezenas ou centenas de milhar de mortos e feridos e a destruição das estruturas urbanas. Este artigo visa investigar com maior precisão qual o impacte, nas suas componentes física e humana, de um ataque terrorista com uma arma nuclear, contra a cidade de Lisboa. Através da análise dos resultados quantitativos obtidos com um software que simula a realidade física de uma detonação nuclear, aplicada à área geográfica de Lisboa, conjugada com a análise de informação relativa aos bombardeamentos estratégicos à Alemanha, aos ataques nucleares a Hiroshima e Nagasaki, aos testes nucleares efetuadas durante a Guerra Fria e a outras investigações complementares, foi possível concluir que esse impacte corresponderia à destruição total do núcleo populacional e económico de Lisboa, das suas infraestruturas e de milhares de edifícios, numa extensão com cerca de 50 km2, provocando mais de 96.000 mortos e 168.000 feridos e contaminando uma vasta área abrangendo também a Península de Setúbal.
Protágoras de Platón y la pregunta por quiénes somos
Authors: Deretić Irina
Published: July 2021

En el Gran Discurso de Protágoras, en el diálogo platónico que lleva su nombre, Platón pone en boca de Protágoras un mito acerca del origen, desarrollo y naturaleza del ser humano, que es de gran relevancia filosófica. Se expresa que los dioses crearon a los seres mortales desde dos elementos: la tierra y el fuego. A su vez, también asignaron dos titanes, Epimeteo y Prometeo, para que proveyeran a los mortales de sus facultades. ¿Acaso esto implica que la creación no fue terminada por los dioses? ¿Hasta qué punto los dioses crearon enteramente al ser humano? ¿Podría afirmarse que este es un mito creacionista? El desarrollo de los seres vivientes puede dividirse en cuatro instancias. A lo largo de este artículo, se proponen distintos modelos hermenéuticos para responder los interrogantes mencionados anteriormente.
Economico di Senofonte: la “maîtresse de la maison”
Authors: Bevilacqua Fiorenza
Published: July 2021

L’Economico di Senofonte contiene un interessante trattato sulla vita matrimoniale: al centro di questo trattato si colloca la figura della moglie di Iscomaco, così come viene delineata da quanto quest’ultimo narra a Socrate. Una figura in parte innovativa, in quanto viene associata alla gestione dell’oikos come responsabile di quanto si svolge all’interno della casa: un ruolo diverso da quello del marito, che si occupa e dirige ciò che si svolge all’esterno: i compiti di moglie e marito risultano quindi diversi ma complementari. Questa differenza di attitudini e quindi di ruoli è presentata come voluta sia dalla divinità, sia dalla natura (in quanto strumento della divinità) sia dalla consuetudine (nomos). La moglie di Iscomaco viene quindi a configurarsi come una collaboratrice e una compagna per il marito. Tuttavia questa moglie non intrattiene con il marito una relazione paritaria: infatti gestisce attività e persone all’interno della casa secondo le direttive impartite dal marito; anche nella sfera della vita sessuale deve adeguarsi ai desideri e alle convinzioni di Iscomaco; il suo stesso status di moglie sarà mantenuto soltanto se lei risponderà alle sue aspettative: paradossalmente la sua stessa autonomia è in realtà eterodiretta. Se pure può considerarsi una “maîtresse de la maison”, tuttavia, come ha sottolineato con una formula efficacissima Foucault, si tratta comunque di una “maîtresse obéissante de la maison”.
Measurement and excess in Ajax: transition from an agonal ethic to an enlightened ethic.
Authors: Singh Caro Esteban
Published: July 2021

En el Áyax de Sófocles puede notarse la tematización de un conflicto recurrente, la crisis entre dos sistemas axiológicos, el arcaico, en el que predominan valores agonales, basados en la excelencia personal reconocida comunitariamente, y el ilustrado, aquel que responde a exigencias de las ciudades (poleis) ya desarrolladas, cuyos valores se identifican con la idea de igualdad y de deliberación comunitaria. Dicho conflicto es desarrollado a partir de un tópico propio del ideario práctico de la época, la problemática de la medida y la desmesura (metron/hybris). El presente trabajo procurará dar cuenta del peculiar tratamiento sofocleo al respecto mediante el análisis del léxico en distintos pasajes de la obra. Como se verá, las palabras escogidas por personajes antagónicos como Áyax, Menelao y Agamenón para fundamentar sus decisiones definirán, sin embargo, concepciones comunes acerca del modo actuar en situaciones de conflicto, propias del código heroico arcaico; por el contrario, otros personajes, como Tecmesa, el coro de marineros, Odiseo mismo y Atenea, asumirán perspectivas diferentes al respecto, vinculadas con exigencias ilustradas.
Observaciones sobre la emoción y la persuasión en la Ciropedia de Jenofonte
Authors: Tamiolaki Melina
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como objeto investigar la relación entre emoción y persuasión en la Ciropedia de Jenofonte, no solo analizando sus expresiones léxicas, sino también los escenarios y el contexto en donde se manifiestan. Esta obra, usualmente considerada como el epítome de la teoría del liderazgo elaborada por el filósofo ateniense, nos muestra una faceta de Ciro crucial: su capacidad de apelar a distintas emociones dependiendo de las audiencias a las que se dirigía. Tal indagación nos permitirá rastrear los elementos constitutivos de una posible teoría de las emociones en Jenofonte, que como veremos, se diferencia parcialmente del tratamiento que Aristóteles elaborará con posterioridad en la Retórica, pero también de sus predecesores historiográficos, Heródoto y Tucídides. La teoría de Jenofonte se muestra con una complejidad que excede la mera apelación de las emociones mediante el discurso como medio de persuasión y muestra una íntima relación con el discurso político y constitucional del s. IV a.C.
“Muchos Ciros”: reconsideraciones sobre la Ciropedia de Jenofonte y el humanismo renacentista inglés
Authors: Grogan Jane
Published: July 2021

La historia de la recepción de un texto suele estar en conflicto con sus orígenes. Colin Burrow nota la ironía de que, a pesar del gran apoyo de aquellos en el poder, la Eneida de Virgilio es tomada y traducida por los desfavorecidos durante el Renacimiento. Lo mismo es en parte cierto para la Ciropedia de Jenofonte. Este artículo examina el lugar de la Ciropedia dentro de la tradición humanista inglesa, centrándose en traducciones inglesas del texto y de sus interpretaciones dentro de la tradición speculum principis (espejo de príncipes). Esto culmina en el momento en el que el monarca reinante, el Rey Jacobo I de Inglaterra, encuentra reflejado en Ciropedia un modelo irresistible de realeza imperial.
Development of rat metabolic syndrome models: A review
Authors: Gunawan Shirly , Aulia Ahmad , Soetikno Vivian
Published: July 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has become a global problem. With the increasing prevalence of MetS worldwide, understanding its pathogenesis and treatment modalities are essential. Animal models should allow an appropriate representation of the clinical manifestations of human conditions. Rats are the most commonly used experimental animals for the study. The development of a proper MetS model using rats will contribute to the successful application of research findings to the clinical setting. Various intervention methods are used to induce MetS through diet induction with various compositions, chemicals, or a combination of both. This review will provide a comprehensive overview of several studies on the development of rat MetS models, along with the characteristics of the clinical manifestations resulting from each study.
THE CALAMUS JAVENSIS (ARECACEAE: CALAMOIDEAE) COMPLEX IN HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHIC CONTEXT
Authors: Atria Mega , Van Welzen Peter C
Published: July 2021

ATRIA, M. & VAN WELZEN, P. C. 2021. The Calamus javensis (Arecaceae: Calamoideae) complex in historical biogeographic context.  Reinwardtia  20(1): 1−7. — Calamus javensis  is a very polymorphic species with a number of recognisable forms (of which several were once even recognized at species level). A historical biogeographic analysis showed no historical distribution pattern in the diversification of these various forms. The forms are very likely the result  of  adaptation  to  local  circumstances,  whereby more or less identical  forms  can  develop  under similar niche circumstances  in  disjunct areas,  exceptions  are  the  ‘acuminatus-polyphyllus’ form and C.  tenompokensis  that are recognisable and present in a non-disjunct area.
Comprehensive Study Between Different Attendance Administration Systems
Authors: Mohsin Hanzela , Qaisar Adeel
Published: July 2021

Participation method has a troublesome job in the homeroom since it includes appropriate tagging of participation for every person against their own roll call. The time and assets to be consumed for the total interaction is additionally the principle examining thought for participation marking in study halls. A ton of exploration has been done to work on the method utilizing various innovations, for example, RFID labels, standardized tag examining, biometric scanners, face recognition, and so on This paper gives the inside and out investigation of the writing for the diverse verifiably applied frameworks and dissects everyone's weaknesses to consider the high level framework's sending suitability. The examination distinguishes the biometric highlights as a norm for verification. Unique mark, face and iris acknowledgment are far predominant than different methods in presence.
El combate de Mirave y el proceso de independencia del Per.

The Mirave Combat and the independence process at Per
Authors: Osorio Soto Gary Martin
Published: July 2021

Resumen: La importancia simbólica del combate de Mirave [1821] nace de la unificación de esfuerzos individuales para consensuar la autodeterminación de una nación. La batalla de Mirave marca un hito en el imaginario local, su importancia – fuera de lo militar – es la acción de hombres y mujeres que arriesgaron sus posesiones mas preciadas y hasta la vida por conseguir la libertad. En el marco del desarrollo de la Guerra por la independencia intervinieron muchos factores, entre los cuales la intervención de ciudadanos extranjeros en la consolidación de la independencia continental, considerando que muchos de estos individuos – como el caso de Miller – representaban a bandos interesados en planes coloniales de sus naciones de origen, fuerzas que operaban a favor y en contra de la independencia por razones intrínsecamente relacionadas. Para entender el proceso historiográfico que enmarca la independencia del Perú y la campaña emprendida por San Martín a través de Miller en el Sur, debemos entender el ¿Cómo? Y el ¿Por qué? Operaban estas fuerzas antagonistas entre sí. Esta visión objetiva de los hechos históricos permitirá dimensionar la acción, alejada de mitos y creencias propios de la generación de discursos de identidad. Los hombres con sus luces y sombras hacen la historia, por ello, es necesario comprender todas las aristas de un mismo hecho histórico para valorar y comprender lo que se puso en juego entre marzo y mayo de 1821 en Tacna y el sur del Perú.
“Presencia de mujeres militantes de izquierda en los proyectos y experiencias de poder popular durante la Unidad Popular: Estudio de casos Concepción y Santiago de Chile (1970-1973)”
Authors: Inostroza Retamal Gina
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza desde la perspectiva de género, las experiencias de ocho mujeres ex militantes de izquierda ligadas a lo social-político, en procesos que se vincularon al denominado poder popular, en ámbitos poblacionales y sindicales tanto en la zona de Concepción como en Santiago durante 1970-1973. En lo metodológico significó posicionarnos desde lo cualitativo, utilizando la historia oral con aplicación de entrevistas y la pesquisa de fuentes primarias, las cuales fueron comparadas para la construcción del estudio final. La información obtenida nos señala que el proceso de socialización política en la niñez y adolescencia influyó en su ingreso a partidos políticos de ‘izquierda tradicional’ y/o de la denominada ‘izquierda revolucionaria.’ A comienzos de los años setenta, siendo militantes participaron en organizaciones de base, a saber, JAPs, campamentos, Centros de Madres y sindicatos entre otros. Ello significó que su práctica militante partidaria tuvo un alto grado de continuidad de las experiencias sociales vividas en las etapas de juventud. No obstante, la diferencia estuvo en la oportunidad de transitar a espacios más politizados que les permitieron acceder a formación política y en algunos casos, asumir dirigencias en organizaciones e inclusive una de ellas de representación comunal y luego parlamentaria. Los aprendizajes obtenidos y las vivencias militantes de dicho periodo han marcado sus trayectorias, por lo cual en el presente se han convertido en generadoras de traspaso intergeneracional de prácticas socio-políticas en los nuevos escenarios del Chile actual.
The Civilizing Force of National Competition
Authors: Nagel Johannes , Werron Tobias
Published: July 2021

This chapter explores mid-to-late nineteenth-century U.S. nationalism in its global context. We focus on what we call scarcity nationalism: A type of nationalism which introduces notions of scarcity to imagine competition between nations. We use this concept to analyze two discourses, on protectionism and navalism, showing how in both cases measures to protect U.S. interests in inter-national competition - through tariffs or battleships - were introduced as a means of contributing to human progress in the long run. By imagining competition between nations as a transitional stage of human development, scarcity nationalism aimed (and still aims) at justifying national competition while relating it to a universalist and progressive framework.
Between Strategic Autonomy and International Norm-setting
Authors: Miadzvetskaya Yuliya
Published: July 2021

According to the 2016 EU Global Strategy (EUGS), today's world is characterized by an increased strategic competition and rising threats to multilateralism and a rules-based order. In this fast-evolving environment, the EU has shifted from its traditional “values-based” approach in foreign policy to a “principled pragmatism”. This holds that the EU should solidify relations with countries with shared values, while also engaging strategically with rivals. The EU's goal is to protect its strategic interests in the world marked by the US-China rivalry, a confrontational relationship with the Trump administration, and Russia's growing ambitions in their shared neighborhood. The present chapter examines some aspects of the EU's efforts to secure its autonomy in an emergent terrain for international competition: cyberspace. The analysis will begin with an explanation of the broader context for the EU's approach to cybersecurity, which should be understood as part of the Union's longstanding pursuit of “strategic autonomy” in an increasingly competitive geopolitical environment. It then offers a description of deterrence theory and its application to cyberspace, before turning to the development of the EU Cyber Diplomacy toolbox and targeted restrictive measures in response to cyberattacks. It will then seek to assess the deterrence potential of restrictive measures on the basis of some generic attributes of the concept of deterrence identified in rich theoretic contributions on deterrence theory and cyberspace. It concludes that while sanctions might appear to be ineffective and non-aligned with the operational characteristics of the cyber domain, their potential for establishing good practices should not be discarded. They should instead be used as a vehicle for promoting and informing the international discourse on the norms of responsible state behavior in cyberspace.
The Development of Four-Tier Diagnostic Test Instrument to Identify the Learners’ Misconception on Circular Motions
Authors: Wahyuni Nina , Bhakti Yoga Budi , Mutakin Tatan Zenal , Astuti Irnin Agustina Dwi
Published: July 2021

Difficulty understanding students' concepts needs to be known so that improvements can be made so that eventually students can master the concepts well. Misconception diagnostic tests can be an alternative to uncovering causes or factors of misconception in students. This study aims to develop a Four-Tier Test diagnostic test instrument to diagnose students' misconceptions on circular motion material. This research is a development study using 4D models.  The developed four-tier test diagnostic test instrument consists of 40 multiple-choice questions. The results of the content validation by five experts stated that the instrument was very feasible with an average percentage of 86,34%. Empirical trial results show as many as 40 valid diagnostic test items have enough to good power a level of difficulty and discrimination power. The reliability of the questions was analyzed using the Kuder Richardson formula of 0.785 with a high category. This instrument can be used to minimize the time spent in the process of identifying misconceptions because it is in the form of multiple-choice with varied questions.
Neuromejora: de la vanguardia científica y tecnológica a las dificultades y límites planteados por la filosofía de la mente y la bioética
Authors: Biscaia Fernández José Miguel
Published: July 2021

Las aplicaciones biomédicas de la neurociencia se dividen en aquellas que emplean técnicas evaluativas y las que usan métodos intervencionistas. Debido al alcance biopsicosocial de estas tecnologías, el debate filosófico y bioético parece ineludible. Así, desde la filosofía de la mente aparecen dos grandes núcleos de reflexión: los problemas conceptuales sobre la lectura, control y transferencia mental, y las dificultades ontológicas relacionadas con la identidad del “Homo cíborg”. Por otro lado, la bioética se ha interesado por dos temas fundamentales: la diferencia entre tratamiento y mejora neuronal, y la aplicación de los principios bioéticos clásicos a la neuromejora. En este sentido, se propone a la neuroética aplicada como área normativa desde la que evaluar el uso de la neurotecnología.
NeuroRight to Equal Access to Mental Augmentation
Authors: Borbón Rodríguez Diego Alejandro , Borbón Rodríguez Luisa Fernanda , León Bustamante María Alejandra
Published: July 2021

This paper addresses the different discussions that led to the creation of the NeuroRights Initiative and the proposal for a NeuroRight to equal access to mental augmentation. Then it presents some conceptual clarifications, and subsequently makes a detailed analysis of the proposal in light of posthumanism. In this sense, it studies how this NeuroRight may lead to inequality, loss of social diversity and pressures on sociocultural and religious diversity. It also studies the problems and challenges inherent to the implementation of this type of initiative. We propose that a NeuroRight to enhancement should not be incorporated and that equitable access to technologies should be limited to therapeutic purposes only.
Deficiência intelectual, vulnerabilidade e autonomia no Brasil
Authors: Laurentino dos Santos Ivone
Published: July 2021

Em países com altos índices de desigualdade, como o Brasil, os preconceitos, que já prejudicam as vidas de pessoas com deficiência intelectual, tendem a se agravar, perpetuando um contexto social excludente e discriminatório. Esse texto promove a reflexão sobre as lutas por autonomia e liberdade dos deficientes intelectuais, à luz da bioética. Trata-se de um estudo teórico, ancorado nos referenciais vulnerabilidade, autonomia e dignidade. Constata-se a vulnerabilidade ampliada dos deficientes intelectuais em países marcados pela desigualdade social. Conclui-se que Estado, Família e Sociedade devem atuar com cautela, sem jamais limitar o exercício da autonomia de pessoas com deficiência intelectual, excluindo-as, quando deveriam protegê-las.
La classe de langue à l’ère du digital. Quelques réflexions sur l’intégration des compétences numériques en didactique des langues étrangères
Authors: Gałan Beata
Published: July 2021

Digital skills are an important part of the skills required in the 21st century, enabling users to better utilise information and communication technologies (ICT) in different spheres of life. This article examines the integration of these skills into foreign language teaching. The first part of the article studies the notion of digital skills through initiatives undertaken at the European and the national level as well as the current role of digital technology in the language classroom. The second part of the article focuses on the possible integration of digital skills with the development of productive language skills through active methods (collaborative learning, project-based learning, problem-based learning). The preliminary examination shows that the use of these teaching strategies could possibly ensure the parallel development of language and digital skill.
How to construct all metric f-K-contact manifolds
Authors: Goertsches Oliver , Loiudice Eugenia
Published: July 2021

We show that any compact metric f-K-contact, respectively S-manifold is obtained from a compact K-contact, respectively Sasakian manifold by an iteration of constructions of mapping tori, rotations, and type II deformations.
Warum gibt es Literatur? Griechische Bibliotheken, römische Leser und die Entwicklung einer literarischen Kultur
Authors: Schmitz Thomas A.
Published: July 2021

Das Aufkommen einer Buchkultur und die Gründung großer Bibliotheken waren seit dem 3. Jh. v. Chr. entscheidend für die Etablierung einer literarischen Tradition. Ihr begegnet die römische Kultur seit dem 2. Jh. v. Chr. in Gestalt von Büchern und Bibliotheken. Dies hat nicht nur in Rom Vorstellungen von der Arbeitsweise eines Autors und den Lektüreerfahrungen von Lesern entscheidend geprägt, sondern bleibt wichtig für das Verständnis dafür, was Literatur ist.
Incidence and characterisation of Bacillus cereus bacteriophages from Thua Nao, a Thai fermented soybean product
Authors: Phongtang Wallapat , Chukeatirote Ekachai
Published: July 2021

Bacillus cereus is considered to be an important food poisoning agent causing diarrhea and vomiting. In this study, the occurrence of B. cereus bacteriophages in Thai fermented soybean products (Thua Nao) was studied using five B. cereus sensu lato indicator strains (four B. cereus strains and one B. thuringiensis strain). In a total of 26 Thua Nao samples, there were only two bacteriophages namely BaceFT01 and BaceCM02 exhibiting lytic activity against B. cereus. Morphological analysis revealed that these two bacteriophages belonged to the Myoviridae. Both phages were specific to B. cereus and not able to lyse other tested bacteria including B. licheniformis and B. subtilis. The two phages were able to survive in a pH range between 5 and 12. However, both phages were inactive either by treatment of 50°C for 2 h or exposure of UV for 2 h. It should be noted that both phages were chloroform-insensitive, however. This is the first report describing the presence of bacteriophages in Thua Nao products. The characterization of these two phages is expected to be useful in the food industry for an alternative strategy including the potential use of the phages as a biocontrol candidate against foodborne pathogenic bacteria.
Study on controlling nicotine release from snus by the SIPN membranes
Authors: Zhan Xiaoping , Jian Xiaopeng , Mao Zhenmin
Published: July 2021

Snus is one of the types of smokeless tobaccos, which is popular in many countries and regions. The nicotine level in the plasma samples obtained from snus users is similar to the nicotine level obtained from cigarette smokers; hence, the snus users find it difficult to quit. The aim of this study is to develop new semi-interpenetrating polymer (SIPN) membranes that control the stable release of nicotine from snus, achieving the purpose of quitting smoking. Here, the SIPN comprising a polyacrylate network and PEG chains was synthesized through in situ radical polymerization. The SIPN was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, contact angle, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, cytotoxicity, and in vitro release experiments. Furthermore, this SIPN was used to evaluate the release properties of nicotine in different snus samples varying in moisture, pH, and the tobacco’s particle size. The results indicated that the new SIPN could control release of nicotine at a specific rate, and the release rate could be adjusted according to the customer requirements. Thus, the new SIPN was contributed to build a new nicotine replacement therapy that served the snus users.
Aristotelian and/or Nietzschean narratology
Authors: Sorci Antonino
Published: July 2021

Over the years, narratologists have established a unitary view of narrative structure based on the principles of Aristotle’sPoetics. I propose in this essay to describe the general features of an alternative epistemological framework based on a renewed interpretation of Friedrich Nietzsche’sThe Birth of Tragedy. Through this analysis, I wish to show how the adoption of the Aristotelian model as a framework for narratological research could have led to neglecting certain fundamental aspects of narrativity that the adoption of a Nietzschean perspective, conversely, would highlight. In particular, I want to emphasize that the abandonment of the Aristotelian perspective in favor of a Nietzschean approach can be extremely useful in order to highlight the über-natural character of so-called “unnatural narratives”. I will test my hypotheses through the analysis of David Foster Wallace’s short story “Mister Squishy” (2004), which represents an emblematic case of “Nietzschean narrative”.
Synthesis, surface modification, and characterization of Fe3O4@SiO2 core@shell nanostructure
Authors: Alterary Seham S. , AlKhamees Anfal
Published: July 2021

In recent times, nanoparticles have been the focal point of research in nanoscience due to their wide scope of potential applications in all fields of science. Iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) show incredible magnetic saturation, stability, biocompatibility, and intuitive properties on the surface, which makes them ideal for being utilized in several ways. In the present study, Fe3O4 NPs were synthesized by co-precipitation and further coated with silica (SiO2) to avoid aggregation. Synthesized nanoparticles (Fe3O4@SiO2) were individually functionalized using glycine and malonic acid and characterized by various spectroscopies and microscopies techniques. XRD diffraction analysis showed that the presence of SiO2 did not alter the diffraction pattern peaks, which represented the existence of Fe3O4. The presence of Fe3O4 and SiO2 nanoparticles were further confirmed using EDS. Transmission electron microscope micrographs of the synthesized nanoparticles exhibited spherical shape and confirmed the increase in particle size after coating with SiO2. Also, the analysis of dynamic light scattering showed that the particle size of Fe3O4@SiO2 functionalized with malonic acid (229.433 nm) was greater than those functionalized with glycine (57.2496 nm). However, the surface area was greater in Fe3O4@SiO2-glycine (104.8 m2/g) than Fe3O4@SiO2-malonic acid (26.15 m2/g). The key findings suggest that the synthesized core-shell Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles are a promising candidate for a wide array of applications in the field of medicine and environmental science.
Placental mitochondrial function as a driver of angiogenesis and placental dysfunction
Authors: Correia Yolanda , Scheel Julia , Gupta Shailendra , Wang Keqing
Published: July 2021

The placenta is a highly vascularized and complex foetal organ that performs various tasks, crucial to a healthy pregnancy. Its dysfunction leads to complications such as stillbirth, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction. The specific cause of placental dysfunction remains unknown. Recently, the role of mitochondrial function and mitochondrial adaptations in the context of angiogenesis and placental dysfunction is getting more attention. The required energy for placental remodelling, nutrient transport, hormone synthesis, and the reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress, stemming from mitochondria. Mitochondria adapt to environmental changes and have been shown to adjust their oxygen and nutrient use to best support placental angiogenesis and foetal development. Angiogenesis is the process by which blood vessels form and is essential for the delivery of nutrients to the body. This process is regulated by different factors, pro-angiogenic factors and anti-angiogenic factors, such as sFlt-1. Increased circulating sFlt-1 levels have been linked to different preeclamptic phenotypes. One of many effects of increased sFlt-1 levels, is the dysregulation of mitochondrial function. This review covers mitochondrial adaptations during placentation, the importance of the anti-angiogenic factor sFlt-1in placental dysfunction and its role in the dysregulation of mitochondrial function.
Sprachlicher Common Sense in gebrochenem Deutsch – Tomer Gardis Roman Broken German und seine besondere Eignung für den Fremdsprachenunterricht
Authors: Asgari Marjan
Published: July 2021

Interkulturelles Lernen vor dem Hintergrund deutsch-jüdischer Geschichte kann im DaF-Unterricht vor allem mithilfe moderner Literatur gelingen: Tomer Gardis 2016 erschienener Roman Broken German eignet sich dafür besonders gut, weil sich der Text vielschichtig mit der deutschen Vergangenheit und Gegenwart auseinandersetzt. Er stößt an zu Gesprächen über die Schoah, die jüdische Tradition und die deutsche Erinnerungskultur. Dass der Roman dabei selbst in „gebrochenem Deutsch“ geschrieben wurde, birgt spannende Möglichkeiten, um die metasprachliche Bewusstheit der Lernenden zu stärken und auf Common-Sense-Regeln der idiomatisch geprägten Sprache (Feilke 1993) zu verweisen.
Prior processing, foreign language classroom anxiety, and L2 fluency
Authors: Pérez Castillejo Susana
Published: July 2021

This study examines the role of prior processing (understood as L2 use earlier in discourse) in moderating the contributions of foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) and proficiency to L2 utterance fluency. Two groups with comparable FLCA and proficiency scores performed the same narrative task. One group completed it in the absence of any other L2 task, and one group completed it immediately after responding to a similar but not identical prompt. The participants’ speech was analyzed using breakdown, speed, and repair fluency measures. Results showed that prior processing can reduce FLCA’s interference during L2 production. Unexpectedly, prior processing did not produce significant fluency gains associated with lexical retrieval and syntactic encoding. Instead, the patterns of variation revealed that more attention was paid to message conceptualization. This finding implies that prior processing can moderate FLCA’s role in L2 production because it alters the way attentional resources are allocated in subsequent performance.
Möglichkeiten zur Steuerung der Ergebnisse einer Forschungsevaluation
Authors: Reichmann Gerhard , Schlögl Christian
Published: July 2021

Ein Leistungsvergleich zwischen den (ehemaligen) Instituten für Informationswissenschaft der Universitäten Düsseldorf und Graz auf Basis der Forschungsleistung für einen Zeitraum von zehn Jahren zeigt, wie sehr die Ergebnisse einer Forschungsevaluation gesteuert werden können. Durch die Wahl „geeigneter“ Indikatoren gelingt es – je nach Wunsch – entweder das eine oder das andere Institut an die erste Stelle zu bringen. Hält man sich dagegen an das wissenschaftliche Gebot der Unparteilichkeit, führt dies im hier gezeigten Anwendungsbeispiel zu gemischten Ergebnissen.
#EveryNameCounts – Die Crowdsourcing-Initiative der Arolsen Archives
Authors: Bräu Ramona , Hofmann Kerstin , Nilson Sonja , Zwilling-Seidenstücker Christa
Published: July 2021

Das Crowdsourcing-Projekt #EveryNameCounts der Arolsen Archives begann 2020 als Schulkampagne und wuchs binnen weniger Monate zu einer weltweiten Initiative. Durch die Arbeit der Freiwilligen werden Millionen von Datensätzen zu Konzentrationslagerdokumenten erfasst. Diese Datengrundlage optimiert einerseits die Suche im Online-Archiv der Arolsen Archives und macht anderseits eine auf Massendaten gestützte Forschung erst möglich. Die Arbeit der Freiwilligen geht dabei über reine Datenerhebung weit hinaus. Es entsteht ein digitales Denkmal.
A new application of mTOR inhibitor drugs as potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19
Authors: Mashayekhi-Sardoo Habibeh , Hosseinjani Hesamoddin
Published: July 2021

Since December 2019, the COVID-19 emerging pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has resulted in one of the most important global health threats. Concerning the absence of an approved effective vaccine or drug for the treatment and outcome improvement of COVID-19 patients, and the role of SARS-CoV-2 in activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, we decided to review the previous data regarding the therapeutic effect of mTOR inhibitor drugs in COVID-19 patients. We searched the scientific databases such as Web of Science, Embase, Medline (PubMed), Scopus, and Google Scholar using appropriate keywords to find suitable studies or suggestions until October 2020. The findings of the current study confirmed that mTOR inhibitor drugs through suggested mechanisms such as T cell adjustment, induction of autophagy without apoptosis, reduction of viral replication, restoration of the T-cell function, decrease cytokine storm, and moderation of the mTOR–PI3K–AKT pathway activation bring about a therapeutic impact in COVID-19 patients. Taken together, it is necessary to find a suitable therapy for the COVID-19 pandemic emerging. In this regard, we clarify that it is valuable to consider the therapeutic effect of mTOR inhibitor drugs and metformin by its mTOR inhibition property in the treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Ballistic performance of powder metal Al5Cu-B4C composite as monolithic and laminated armor
Authors: Ayvaz Mehmet , Cetinel Hakan
Published: July 2021

In this study, ballistic performances of x wt.-% B4C (x = 5, 10, and 20) reinforced Al5Cu matrix composite samples were investigated as a monolithic and laminated composite armor component. Composite armor plates were produced by the powder metallurgy method. The prepared powders were pressed under 400 MPa pressing pressure. Green compacts were pre-sintered at 400 °C for 30 minutes in order to blow the lubricant. Subsequently, liquid phase sintering was performed at 610 °C for 210 minutes. In ballistic tests, 7.62 mm caliber armor-piercing bullets were used as the ballistic threat. In the ballistic tests of monolithic armors, only 10 mm thick powder metal composite plates were tested. In the ballistic tests of laminated composite armors, these powdered metal plates were layered with 10 mm thick alumina ceramic plate front layers and 10 mm thick AA5083 plates. Although all of the monolithic powder metal composite armors were penetrated, they showed multi-hit capability. All of the laminated composite armors provided full ballistic protection. It was determined that with the increase in B4C reinforcement rate, the ballistic resistance also increased due to the improvement in strength, hardness, and abrasive feature.
Performance assessments of the material for the traction motor cores of an electric racing kart
Authors: Demir Uğur , Kocabıçak Zeliha Kamış
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the performance assessments for the traction motor of an electric racing kart, considering the different core materials. Firstly, the appropriate traction motor type is determined as a brushless direct current motor (BLDC) due to the superior features such as torque, efficiency, cooling performance and reliability. Thereafter the BLDC traction motor is optimized in Ansys RMXprt by using Taguchi’s design of experiment (DoE) method in order to meet the vehicle requirements. The BH curves are created for steel sheet (M19_24G), amorphous (2605SA1) and soft magnetic composite (SMC) (Somaloy 1000 3P) in Ansys Maxwell Environment, which are widely used as core materials in the literature. Then, the motor models are analyzed by the finite element method in Ansys Maxwell, and the core materials that can meet the minimum requirements in terms of magnetic flux density and saturation are verified. Finally, the dynamic vehicle model is set up in Ansys Simplorer in order to evaluate the motor performances. For that purpose, a reference speed profile is created by using the measured speed from the Gothenburg carting ring, and the battery consumption characteristic and reference speed tracking performance of the motor models with different cores are evaluated in the driving cycle.
Plasmons compressing the light – a jewel in the treasure chest of Mark Stockman’s legacy
Authors: Khurgin Jacob B.
Published: July 2021

Among all the contributions made by Mark Stockman, his work on concentrating the light energy to unprecedented densities is one of the most remarkable achievements. Here it is briefly reviewed and a relatively novel, intuitive, and physically transparent interpretation of nanofocusing using the effective volume of hybrid coupled modes formalism is presented and the role of Landau damping as the main limiting factor is highlighted.
Jenseits von Identität
Authors: Schumann Frank
Published: July 2021

Das Aufkommen des Rechtspopulismus führte in den letzten Jahren zu einer (Wieder-)Beschäftigung mit dem Konzept der Gemeinschaft. Diese zeichnet sich jedoch dadurch aus, dass sie Gemeinschaft individualisierend als eine Orientierung am Lokalen oder an kollektiven Identitäten fasst. Da die rechtspopulistischen Gemeinschaftsbezüge aber in einem politischen Kontext getätigt werden, umfassen sie nicht nur individuelle Zugehörigkeit oder Orientierungen, sondern eine Vorstellung des sozialen Gemeinwesens. Der Beitrag schlägt ausgehend von Ferdinand Tönnies und Max Weber einen Gemeinschaftsbegriff vor, der diese Facette systematisch berücksichtigt und Gemeinschaft als eine affektiv aufgeladene Deutung von sozialer Ordnung versteht. Welche Perspektiven der Forschung sich aus diesem Begriff ergeben, wird abschließend am Beispiel der geschichtswissenschaftlichen Debatte um Volksgemeinschaft rekonstruiert.
Reflexion von Sachunterricht durch Erst- und Zweitsemesterstudierende
Authors: Rychner Marianne , Schumann Svantje
Published: July 2021

Die Erforschung professioneller Reflexion gilt als schwierig, während die Hochschulausbildung den Anspruch hat, dass Studierende im Verlauf des Studiums eine höhere Stufe der Reflexivität erreichen.

Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde Studierenden einer pädagogischen Hochschule eine Unterrichtseingangssequenz vorgelegt; sie sollten das Geschehen in Kleingruppen reflektieren. Die dabei erzeugten Audioaufnahmen wurden analysiert im Hinblick auf die Frage, welche Formen von Reflexivität sich feststellen lassen. Als Ergebnis ließen sich typologisch klar voneinander abgrenzbare Fälle bereits bei erst- und zweitsemestrigen Studierenden ausweisen. Bei allen deutet sich an, dass Studierende es tendenziell ablehnen, pauschal zu urteilen. Ebenfalls typenübergreifend zu beobachten ist ein hohes Maß an Unsicherheit bezüglich der Frage, wie im konkreten Fall zu reagieren ist. Zugleich wird oft schnell von „richtigem“ oder „falschem“ Verhalten ausgegangen, ohne dass strukturelle Bedingungen in diese Beurteilungen mit einbezogen werden. Offen bleibt die Frage, ob und wie die Reflexivität sich im weiteren Verlauf des Studiums ausdifferenziert.