bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Géneros, autoría y audiencia en la creación de una revista estudiantil digital
Authors: Colmenares Rodríguez Sol
Published: April 2020

Las revistas creadas por estudiantes son proyectos pedagógicos que ofrecen la oportunidad de abordar la escritura de distintos géneros con una audiencia concreta, una práctica fundamental para autores en potencia. En este artículo se presentan resultados parciales de la investigación Ritos de iniciación científica: el proceso de creación de una revista estudiantil digital, con el fin de analizar cómo un grupo de estudiantes de una licenciatura en lenguas extranjeras, asume la tarea de crear contenidos para una revista estudiantil digital. En el marco metodológico de la sistematización de experiencias, se analiza el corpus compuesto de textos escritos por estudiantes y los datos obtenidos a través de encuestas, fichas de observación y entrevistas para responder a los siguientes interrogantes: ¿Qué géneros discursivos reconocen los estudiantes como propios de una revista digital dirigida a aprendices de lenguas extranjeras? y ¿Qué géneros consideran los docentes deben incorporarse en una revista digital estudiantil? Los resultados destacan al ensayo como el género más común encontrado en el corpus; igualmente resaltan instructivos, consejos y relatos biográficos de notorio significado en las experiencias identificadas. Se concluye en la importancia de la academia para la conformación de experiencias personales, relatos autobiográficos e historias de vida como referentes legítimos, no solo para la búsqueda de temas de escritura, sino también con relación al uso efectivo de estrategias retóricas y para la construcción de autoría.
Fungsi Masjid Sebangai Sentral Dakwah Di Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Saefudin Saefudin , Japarudin Japarudin , Muhammad Zulfikri
Published: April 2020

This research will focus on observing the development of preaching islam in Bengkulu by applying historical anthropologist that is tracking the historical background of the mosque through four levels of activities: heuristic, critique, interpretation. The finding shows that the development of islam in Bengkulu historically gives general view, the role of the mosque as the center of preaching on the mosque being observed. The mosque in Bengkulu (among three of them being observed) have present the figure of islam ‘ahlussunnh wal jamaah’ which was brought from North Sumatra. Islam which is featuring javanese culture bad left the tradition of ‘ratib jirat’ inthr mosque of syuhada between 19th to 20th century. During this period the mosque was not only used as reogious activities but also as media in discussing any problems for the soieties. This is can be seen on the book ‘simbur cahayo’ the Bengkulu act. More over the mosque had it functioms as the centre of islamic education and a place to protect them from any attack during the war
Strategi Pengembangan Madrasah Di Lembaga Pendidikan (LP) Ma’arif Nahdlatul Ulama Kota Salatiga
Authors: Gufron M.
Published: April 2020

This research is intended to know (1) people expectation toward MI Ma’arif NU Salatiga, (2) How is the development strategy in developing MI Ma’arif in order to exist. This research is qualitative by applying natural paradigm. The finding of this reseach shows that the MI Ma’arif is applying arabic and English in daily communication; discipline is the designing is the main factor which is shown by automatic bell in organizing subject and designing additional facilities on multimedia class, changing rooms and toilets, secondly, the school is trying to improve teacher professionalism and management. Finally, the school is trying to build community concern
Desarrollo de niveles argumentativos a partir de una unidad didáctica basada en la discusión de problemas socialmente vivos
Authors: Rodríguez Ortiz Angélica María , Pamplona Cardona Dora Elvira , Torres Ducuara Idaly
Published: April 2020

El presente artículo presenta los resultados de un proceso de investigación en didáctica de las ciencias sociales, cuyo objetivo se centró en el desarrollo de niveles argumentativos en estudiantes de básica de grado sexto. Para esto se llevó a cabo el diseño de una unidad didáctica con el fin de intervenir el aula, usando como estrategia la discusión del problema socialmente vivo: la contaminación del río Caguán. El método seleccionado para este tipo de investigación fue el análisis del discurso. Esto con el propósito de, a partir de este análisis, dar cuenta del progreso en argumentación en los procesos de discusión del problema por parte de los estudiantes. Se analizó tanto el discurso oral como el escrito. El análisis se realizó a partir de los lineamientos teóricos del lingüista Teun van Dijk, al rastrear las categorías centrales del proceso. Los resultados alcanzados permitieron evidenciar que los problemas socialmente vivos, en cuanto estrategia didáctica, despertaron el interés de los estudiantes y abrieron espacios de discusión, al punto de movilizarse de un nivel argumentativo a otro. Al finalizar la intervención se identificó que la generalidad de los estudiantes se ubicó en el tercer nivel de argumentación, según la clasificación adaptada por Tamayo (2012).
EXPLORING VOLITION IN PUBLIC SPEAKING CLASS AMONG THE ENGLISH EDUCATION STUDENTS IN SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY
Authors: Ke Lomi Aplonia Nelci , Mbato Concilianus Laos
Published: April 2020

Public speaking is frequently referred to as an anxiety-provoking activity. Volition is linked to individuals' willpower and persistence to face distraction in achieving particular goals. The aim of this study is exploring the volitional strategies used by English speaking class students and the factors that particularly influenced the students in dealing with the anxiety in public speaking. The participants are the 30 public speaking class students. This study used a questionnaire and interview as the instruments for data collection. The volitional strategies found in this study are split into two kinds: action control and emotion control strategies. The factors influencing students in learning public speaking revealed are inferiority or lack of self-esteem, audience pressures, the absence of preparation, references, vocabulary; and unpredictable examination. The researcher concluded that the students show high volitional stage with their own strategies to overcome anxiety and distractions in public speaking class. This research is undertaken to encourage EFL students to overcome their anxiety and fear in speaking English.
Editorial: Beyond Cognitive Ability
Authors: Joksimovic Srecko , Siemens George , Wang Yuan Elle , San Pedro M. O. Z. , Way Jason
Published: April 2020

The past 70 years of research in learning has primarily favoured a cognitive perspective. As such, learning and learning performance were measured based on factors such as memory, encoding, and retrieval. More sophisticated learning activities, such as perspective changes, still relied on a fundamental cognitive architecture (Dunlosky & Rawson, 2019). Early researchers advocating for a constructivist learning lens, such as Piaget, also assessed development on a range of cognitive tasks. Over the past several decades, this view of learning as cognitive has given rise to a range of augmenting perspectives. Researchers increasingly focus on mindsets, social learning, peer effects, self-regulation, and self-perception to evaluate the broader scope of learning. For learning analytics (LA), this transition has important implications for data collection and analysis, tools and technologies used, research design, and experimentation. This special issue continues existing conversations around LA and emerging competencies (Dawson & Siemens, 2014; Buckingham Shum & Crick, 2016) but also reflects the growing number of researchers engaging with these topics.
Identidad política en los relatos del nueve de abril de 1948 en Boyacá
Authors: Bohórquez Aunta Camila Andrea , González González Erika Liliana , Torres Sanmiguel Alexander
Published: April 2020

El propósito de este artículo es analizar cómo afecta la identidad política la construcción de los relatos del 9 de abril de 1948 en Boyacá. Se enmarca en el paradigma histórico hermenéutico, utiliza el enfoque cualitativo y el modelo sociolingüístico orientado hacia el análisis del discurso del testimonio. Para ello, se realizó un trabajo de campo a partir de entrevistas semiestructuradas, que dejan un corpus conformado por 23 relatos de 16 testigos oriundos de Boavita, Cómbita y Tunja. Los resultados están enfocados en comprender la influencia de la identidad política del hablante en la narración de los acontecimientos del pasado.
FOMENTO DE LA CULTURA DE COMPOSTAJE SELECCIONANDO RESIDUOS ORGÁNICOS EN HOGARES DE MONTE ADENTRO, PARAÍSO, TABASCO
Authors: Pérez Santos Susana , Velázquez López Gladys del Carmen , Vargas Almeida Alexander
Published: April 2020

El presente trabajo muestra los resultados obtenidos sobre el nivel de consumo semanal de frutas y vegetales de familias de la comunidad Monte Adentro del municipio de Paraíso, Tabasco donde se localiza la Universidad Politécnica del Golfo de México. Se presenta una selección de los desechos orgánicos de frutas y vegetales que pueden utilizarse en la elaboración de composta y la propuesta de estrategias para fomentar la cultura del aprovechamiento de la materia orgánica entre los habitantes de la comunidad de una forma organizada y optimizada.
El pluralismo como propuesta desreificadora de las subjetividades para el derecho = Pluralism as a proposal to the dereification of subjectivities according to law
Authors: Puccetti Gastón
Published: April 2020

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se tematiza el problema de la reificación como consecuencia de la atribución de subjetividades por el orden jurídico. Desde el punto de vista de las «teorías nominalistas», se califica al derecho como un conjunto de dispositivos que tiene la virtualidad de generar formas de subjetividad mediante la atribución de ciertas categorías a las personas. Por otro lado, se identifican las tendencias del proceso de racionalización weberiano y se subraya la manera en que la racionalidad-formal se presenta como la forma jurídica legítima que sustenta una determinada construcción privilegiada de sujetos —el homo economicus—, con apoyo del paradigma de la modernidad en tanto modelo negador de la diversidad. Finalmente, se señala al pluralismo como propuesta orientadora de acciones sociales y de las vías institucionales capaces de gestionar la diversidad radical en sociedad con un sentido desreificador. Palabras clave: Subjetividad, identidad, reificación, desreificación, modernidad, pluralismo, dispositivo, objetivación, sujeto. Abstract: This paper analyses the problem of reification as a consequence of the attribution of subjectivities by legal orders. From the point of view of «nominalist theories», Law is qualified as a set of devices which possesses the ability to generate forms of subjectivity by means of the attribution of certain categories to people. On the other hand, the tendencies of the Weberian process of rationalisation are identified in order to underline the way in which formal rationality allows Law to construct a specific subject —homo economicus— under the paradigm of Modernity as a model which denies diversity. Finally, pluralism is indicated as a proposal which can orientate social actions and the institutional channels capable of managing radical diversity in society towards de-reification. Keywords: Subjectivity, identity, reification, dereification, modernity, pluralism, apparatus, objectivation, subject.
Justicia ecológica = Ecological justice
Authors: Montalván Zambrano Digno José
Published: April 2020

Resumen: El presente artículo desarrolla el concepto de justicia ecológica dando cuenta de sus características y diferencias respecto de los modelos de justicia ambiental y justicia con los animales. Con dicho objetivo, delimita el contenido de cada uno de estos modelos de justicia a partir su puesta en relación con los enfoques antropocéntrico, biocéntrico y ecocéntrico. Con ello, se busca presentar una clasificación de las principales propuestas que se han elaborado desde la filosofía política sobre la relación del ser humano con la naturaleza, que, a su vez, precise y explique sus traducciones en el mundo del derecho. Finalmente, desde el estudio comparado, el artículo defiende la hipótesis de que la justicia ecológica se constituye como complementaria y necesaria en la urgente labor de la preservación de la Naturaleza.Palabras clave :Justicia ambiental, justicia para los animales, justicia ecológica, antropocentrismo, biocentrismo; ecocentrismo, derecho a un medio ambiente sano, derechos de los animales, derechos de la Naturaleza.Abstract: This article develops the concept of ecological justice explaining its characteristics and main differences from the environmental justice and justice with animals. With this aim, the paper delimits the scope and content of each model of justice taking as reference their relations with the anthropocentric, biocentric and ecocentric approaches. From this, the work seeks to present a classification of the main proposals that the political philosophy has elaborated on the relationship of the human being and nature, including its translations in the world of law. Finally, from the comparative study, the article defends the hypothesis that ecological justice needs to be articulated, alongside the environmental justice, as a necessary complement in the urgent work of Nature preservation. Keywords :Environmental justice, justice for animals, ecological justice, anthropocentrism, biocentrism, ecocentrism, right to a healthy environment, animal rights, rights of nature
Buen gobierno (Altos cargos) = Good governance (Senior government officials)
Authors: Descalzo González Antonio
Published: April 2020

Resumen: En este trabajo se identifica el buen gobierno con el estatuto jurídico aplicable a los altos cargos de la Administración Pública. En cuanto personas que acceden y desempeñan tareas públicas conforme al principio de confianza política su régimen se caracteriza, conforme a la legislación vigente objeto de examen, por un sistema dominado por los principios de integridad, transparencia y responsabilidad.Palabras clave: Organización pública, buen gobierno, altos cargos, integridad, transparencia, responsabilidad.Abstract: This work identifies good governance with the legal status of government senior officials. These are people that hold public positions through political appointment, so their legal status is based in the principles of integrity, transparency and accountability, according to the current legislation. Keywords : Administrative organizational structure, good governance, senior officials, integrity, transparency, accountability
Datos abiertos = Open data
Authors: Ruvalcaba Gómez Edgar A.
Published: April 2020

Resumen: Los Datos Abiertos (DA) u Open Data están siendo un tema de alta relevancia en las administraciones públicas cuando se habla de innovación y modernización del sector público, no solo por su reciente disrupción, sino por su potencial en términos de valor público. La puesta en marcha de políticas que impulsan el acceso libre de datos está transformando, en gran medida, los servicios que ofrecen los gobiernos y generando un valor transformador sin precedentes. Este fenómeno se está dando principalmente bajo el nuevo modelo de gestión pública llamado Gobierno Abierto. En este sentido, este trabajo presenta una revisión sobre el concepto de DA principalmente vinculado a una idea de apertura gubernamental, así mismo se discute la relevancia de los DA y se hacen algunas reflexiones sobre el rol y las implicaciones político-administrativas que representan este tipo de datos. Palabras clave: Datos abiertos, gobierno abierto, gestión pública, valor público. Abstract: Open Data (OD) is a topic of high relevance in public administrations related to innovation and modernization of the public sector, not only for its recent disruption, but for its potential in terms of public value. The implementation of policies that promote free data access is transforming the services offered by the government and generating unprecedented value. This phenomenon is occurring mainly under the new public management model called Open Government. In this sense, this paper presents a review of the concept of OD mainly linked to an idea of government openness, the relevance of OD is also discussed and some reflections are made about the role and political-administrative implications that these data represent. Keywords: Open data, open government, public management, public value.
Derecho popular versus derecho de juristas. La querella alemana entre las Escuelas romanista y germanista = People´s Law versus jurist´s Law. The German dispute between the Romanist and the Germanist historical Schools
Authors: Garrido Martín Joaquín
Published: April 2020

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Pueblos indígenas y justicia transicional en Guatemala. Comentario a Lieselotte Viaene, Nimla Rahilal. Pueblos indígenas y justicia transicional: reflexiones antropológicas
Authors: Garzón López Pedro
Published: April 2020

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Gabriel Moreno González, Estabilidad presupuestaria y constitución: fundamentos teóricos y aplicación desde la Unión Europea
Authors: García Guijarro Pedro
Published: April 2020

Este artículo reseña: Gabriel Moreno González, Estabilidad presupuestaria y constitución: fundamentos teóricos y aplicación desde la Unión Europea. Valencia. Tirant lo Blanch, 2019, 465 pp.
Martha C. Nussbaum, La monarquia del miedo: una mirada filosófica a la crisis política actual
Authors: Cardoso Onofre de Alencar Emanuela
Published: April 2020

Este artículo reseña: Martha C. Nussbaum, La monarquia del miedo: una mirada filosófica a la crisis política actual. Barcelona.  Paidós, 2019, 304 pp.
Cutaneous Endometriosis: A Differential Diagnosis of Umbilical Nodule
Authors: Batista Mariana , Alves Francisca , Cardoso José , Gonçalo Margarida
Published: April 2020

Endometriosis is a chronic disorder characterized by the presence of ectopic functional endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and which affects about 10% of all women of reproductive age. Cutaneous endometriosis, usually localized in the abdominal wall, is a rare entity. We report the case of a nulliparous woman with an acute painful umbilical nodule that slowly increased in size during the days prior to observation. The lesion was surrounded by a painful periumbilical subcutaneous plaque. The patient denied associated constitutional symptoms and reported two similar episodes in the previous two years. A skin biopsy was performed, and histopathologic examination was consistent with the diagnosis of endometriosis. This article reviews this disease particularly rare in nulliparous and highlights the importance of recognizing this clinical presentation of endometriosis due to its frequent association with pelvic disease that can lead to reduced fertility.
Financing Nonprofits and Other Social Enterprises: A Benefits Approach by Dennis R. Young
Authors: Zook Sandy
Published: April 2020

Young, D. R. (2017). Financing nonprofits and other social enterprises: A benefits approach. Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing. $32.00 (Paperback), ISBN: 978-1-78347-829-3.
Germination of Hymenaea courbaril: Storage Behavior, Origin, and Substrate
Authors: Regnier Leonardo
Published: April 2020

Hymenaea courbaril is an endangered species, promising to reforestation programs and mainly explored as a wood source. The available information concerning long-term storage methods, seed recalcitrance, parental, and substrate influence is scarce. This study focused on the seed behavior according to population origin and during one-year storage, also testing the efficiency of the low-temperature conservation. Variations between the uncertainty indexes were found to the studied populations after long-term storage. There was no significant loss of the germination potential in consequence of the prolonged storage period. Although, older seeds promoted gradually greater delayed germination. Germination speed, synchrony, and uncertainty indexes were substantially different between the -20° conservation and control. H. courbaril seeds are capable of long-term storage without losing their germination potential, indicating an orthodox behavior.
Revealing Anti-viral Potential of Bio-active Therapeutics Targeting SARS-CoV2- polymerase (RdRp) in Combating COVID-19: Molecular Investigation on Indian Traditional Medicines
Authors: Sivaraman Dhanasekaran , Pradeep Puspharaj selvadoss
Published: April 2020

Spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) made a historic transition between December 2019 to March 2020. In the present scenario SARS-CoV-2 as becomes a major burden on public health and economic stability of societies around the globe. From the substantial evidences gained from the pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus), scientists and clinicians strongly believes that these pathogenic viruses share common homology of some biologically active enzymes which includes RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), papain-like protease (PLpro) etc. RdRP relatively grabs higher level of clinical importance in comparison with other enzyme target. Indian system of traditional medicine pioneering the therapy towards infectious disease since several centuries. In view of this potential therapeutic leads from some of the Indian medicines along with standard drug favipiravir subjected to docking investigation targeting SARS-CoV-2- RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). Residual proximity analysis reveals 18 out of 28 compounds reveals potential binding affinity of about 100% with the target amino acid residue (618 ASP, 760 ASP,761 ASP), 7 out of 28 reveals 75% binding efficacy and 3 out of 28 reveals 25% binding efficacy with that of the target residue. Hence further clinical validation may be warranted with proper in-vitro and in-vivo studies prior to the clinical recommendation in treating COVID-19 patient’s.
Modeling the Co-Movement of Inflation and Exchange Rate
Authors: Dzupire Nelson Christopher
Published: April 2020

Inflation and exchange rates have great influence on consumer prices especially on imports and exports. Exchange rate fluctuations create inefficiency and distort world prices whereas changes in inflation rates have a direct impact on consumer goods prices which incidentally include exchange rates. There is a direct interdependence between inflation and exchange rates and this paper is aimed at investigating this relationship in dynamic context. It tries to find out how changes in inflation and exchange rates impact on another by adopting the econometric and copula approaches. Both inflation and exchange rates data are susceptible to volatility clustering, possess fat tails and are skewed coupled with conditional heteroskedasticity. Hence we model the univariate distributions by using ARMA$(p,q)$-GARCH$(x,y)$ so as to capture the most important stylized features of inflation and exchange rates. A bivariate model is then constructed by coupling the marginal distributions of inflation and exchange rates using the survival Clayton copula. Empirical results from monthly inflation and exchange rates data show positive correlation between the two based on Kendall $\tau$ test which confirms that a change in inflation results in change of exchange rates an vice versa hence there is co-movement. Furthermore, by the Granger causality test, exchange rates spikes cause changes in inflation rates. The results of the study have implications on economic policy design and hedging strategies for traders on imports and exports.
Which Are the Effects of Hard and Soft Equality Constraints on the Iterative Outlier Elimination Procedure?
Authors: Rofatto Vinicius Francisco , Matsuoka Marcelo Tomio , Klein Ivandro , Roberto Veronez Mauricio , Da Silveira, Jr. Luiz Gonzaga
Published: April 2020

In this paper we evaluate the effects of hard and soft constraints on the Iterative Data Snooping (IDS), an iterative outlier elimination procedure. Here, the measurements of a levelling geodetic network were classified according to the local redundancy and maximum absolute correlation between the outlier test statistics, referred to as clusters. We highlight that the larger the relaxation of the constraints, the higher the sensitivity indicators MDB (Minimal Detectable Bias) and MIB (Minimal Identifiable Bias) for both the clustering of measurements and the clustering of constraints. There are circumstances that increase the family-wise error rate (FWE) of the test statistics, increase the performance of the IDS. Under a scenario of soft constraints, one should set out at least three soft constraints in order to identify an outlier in the constraints. In general, hard constraints should be used in the stage of pre-processing data for the purpose of identifying and removing possible outlying measurements. In that process, one should opt to set out the redundant hard constraints. After identifying and removing possible outliers, the soft constraints should be employed to propagate their uncertainties to the model parameters during the process of least-squares estimation.
Communication and Marketing Technologies of Territory Promotion: Forming Professional Market in Russia
Authors: Chechulin A. V. , Kuznecov A. L. , Grakhov V. P. , Perfil’eva M. B.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of the paper is to analyze a market of territorial marketing as a special, significantly different from the commercial  market in the post-Soviet space.  Attempts to characterize this territorial  marketing market in general have not yet been undertaken. The authors have set a task to answer questions about their understanding of the territorial marketing essence; nature of interest of any territories in general and post-Soviet territories, in particular, in the use of marketing tools in its strategic development; territorial marketing market structure – customers of such services on behalf of territories, research organizations, marketing, advertising, design and other organizations creating convenient marketing products, and furthermore means for advertisement positioning and organizations providing opportunities for special events in the interests of territories promotion. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the territorial marketing markets of a number of countries leading in the post-Soviet space which are not members of the European Union, an analysis of statistical data and expert surveys, the conclusions have been made: Russia occupies the leading place in this field - and in absolute criteria (budgets, territories need), and in quality of work. But in the recent years Kazakhstan is actively developing territorial marketing technologies and this country is ahead of Russia in a number of areas. It is important that the territorial marketing markets of Russia, Kazakhstan and other post-Soviet countries are not isolated from international ideas and market structures. The main developments for the Russian territories are based on the ideas and methodology of the British school of territorial marketing. Foreign marketing structures, primarily from Great Britain and the Netherlands almost always participate (and often win) in significant tenders for territories ordering being held in Russia and other CIS countries.
“Those women have hope in us and if you explain properly, they understand”: Health workers' views on factors affecting caregiver engagement with bubble CPAP
Authors: Salimu Sangwani , Kinshella Maggie , Marianne Marianne , Banda Mwai , Newberry Laura , Dube Queen , Molyneux Elizabeth M , Goldfarb David , Kawaza Kondwani , Nyondo-Mipando Alinane Linda
Published: April 2020

Background
Severe respiratory distress is a leading cause of mortality among neonates in Malawi. Despite evidence on the safety, cost effectiveness and efficacy of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in managing the condition, its use in Malawian health facilities is limited and little is known about health workers engagement with perspectives of bubble CPAP. The purpose of this study was to explore caregiver perspectives for bubble CPAP at both central and district hospitals and key factors that enable effective caregiver engagement in Malawi.
Methods
This was a descriptive qualitative study employing secondary analysis of 46 health care worker in-depth interviews. We interviewed the health workers about their thoughts on caregiver perspectives regarding use of bubble CPAP. We implemented the study at a tertiary facility and three district hospitals in southern Malawi. This was a part of a larger study to understand barriers and facilitators to implementing neonatal innovations in resource-constrained hospitals. Interviews were thematically analysed in NVivo 12 software (QSR International, Melbourne, Australia). Health workers were purposively selected to include nurses, clinicians and district health management involved in the use of bubble CPAP.
Results
Emerging issues included caregiver fears around bubble CPAP equipment as potentially harmful to their new-borns and how inadequate information provided to caregivers exacerbated knowledge gaps and was associated with refusal of care. However, good communication between health care providers and caregivers was associated with acceptance of care. Caregivers’ decision-making was influenced by relatives and peer advocates were helpful in supporting caregivers and alleviating fears or misconceptions about bubble CPAP.
Conclusions
Since caregivers turn to relatives and peers for support, there is need to ensure that both relatives and peers are counselled on bubble CPAP for improved understanding and uptake. Health workers need to provide simplified, accurate, up-to-date information on the intervention as per caregivers’ level of understanding. Notably, contextualised comprehensible information will help alleviate caregivers’ fear and anxieties about bubble CPAP.
Key words : bubble CPAP, neonates, caregiver, perspectives, peers, Malawi
3D Electrode Array for Single-cell selectivity in Visual Prosthesis
Authors: Villarreal Diego Lujan , Krautschneider Wolfgang H.
Published: April 2020

Background : Visual prostheses electrically stimulate nearby neurons to generate artificial vision in patients blinded by retinal degenerative diseases. Current prosthetic devices offer limited spatial resolution that results in unselective stimulation of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). This can be understood as a falling short of visual prosthesis to generate a complete visual scene with detail perception. In this report, the 3D linear electrode carrier is introduced. Our analysis develops a proof of principle to identify the usefulness of the 3D array to activate selectively single RGCs using small electrode size at the highest-density cell.Methods : A simulation framework was built by locating the 3D linear electrode carrier with the highest-density cell. Stimulation of the 3D carrier is implemented at horizontal meridian in the superior retina within the region of 1 mm away from the fovea centralis. Stimulation in that space is needed for critical functions such as object recognition, reading, and driving. The simulation framework obeyed the RGC density and distribution, ganglionic layer thickness, vertical distribution and cell diameter at the fovea. To verify RGC electrical stimulation, the relevant retinal interface elements and dynamics of the voltage-gated ionic channels were integrated into a 3D computational model in COMSOL Multiphysics.Results : the distribution of stimulus from a single active electrode to ground generates a volume of stimulation equivalent to the volume contained by a single RGC at the highest-density cell. Sensitive retinal tissue is safeguarded from electrochemical reactions caused by excessive charge density, the formation of corrosion and neural tissue heating since the advanced technology of the 3D array injects low thresholds for effective stimulation.Conclusions : The 3D electrode array can provide a safe stimulus to enhance visual resolution that can be delivered by +1000 electrodes. This is required in humans for activities where visual detail is of primary importance and thus relevant for high-resolution vision. The 3D electrode array reveals small proximities of electrodes to cells for activation. This is of an advantage for cells located near and very-deep in the ganglion layer because low thresholds are injected to the electrodes producing a well-defined localization of stimulus, an independent activation that targets single RGCs and a safe stimulus.
The oncometabolite R-2-hydroxyglutarate produced by mutant IDH dysregulates the differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells and induces DNA hypermethylation
Authors: Liu Lizhen , Hu Kaimin , Feng Jingjing , Wang Huafang , Fu Shan , Wang Binsheng , Wang Limengmeng , Xu Yulin , Yu Xiaohong , Huang He
Published: April 2020

Background: Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1/2) gene mutations are the most frequently observed mutations in cartilaginous tumors. The mutant IDH causes elevation in the levels of R-enantiomer of 2-hydroxylglutarate (R-2HG). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are reasonable precursor cell candidates of cartilaginous tumors. This study aimed to investigate the effect of oncometabolite R-2HG on MSCs.Methods: Human bone marrow MSCs treated with or without R-2HG at concentrations 0.1 to 1.5mM were used for experiments. Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to detect the proliferation of MSCs. To determine the effects of R-2HG on MSC differentiation, cells were cultured in osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic medium. Specific staining approaches were performed and differentiation-related genes were quantified. Furthermore, DNA methylation status was explored by Infinium 450 K arrays. Real-time PCR was applied to examine the signaling component mRNAs involved in.Results: R-2HG showed no influence on the proliferation of human MSCs. R-2HG blocked osteogenic differentiation, whereas promoted adipogenic differentiation of MSCs in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, R-2HG inhibited chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs, but increased the expression of genes related to chondrocyte hypertrophy in a lower concentration (1.0 mM). Moreover, R-2HG induced a pronounced DNA hypermethylation state of MSCs. Ingenuity pathway analysis showed Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling as the most enriched signaling pathway. Further data indicated that R-2HG decreased the mRNA levels of Shh and Gli1, indicating Shh signaling inhibition.Conclusions: The oncometabolite R-2HG dysregulated the chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs possibly via induction of DNA hypermethylation, improving the role of R-2HG in cartilaginous tumor development.
Exploring what constitutes effective continued healthcare professional training: A qualitative study and the development of a training intervention component taxonomy.
Authors: Perryman Katherine , Cordingley Lis , Bundy Christine
Published: April 2020

Background Continued healthcare professional training can lead to improvements in patient care if delivered effectively but there is a lack of research exploring the key factors that underpin successful training. The aims of this research were to first identify what healthcare professionals and experts in training/behaviour change perceive to be effective training, second to produce a framework for delivering training optimised for effectiveness, and third create a taxonomy of training intervention components to be used for designing, reporting and evaluating healthcare professional training. Methods Two semi-structured qualitative interview studies were conducted: Study 1 participants were 18 healthcare professionals who had attended training to implement collaborative care for the management of depression and anxiety in patients with long term conditions; Study 2 participants were 16 experts in training or behaviour change. Data were analysed using framework analyses. A preliminary framework of what constitutes effective training was developed from Study 1 data, then tested and adapted using Study 2 data. Intervention components identified as effective by participants in both studies were defined and grouped to form a taxonomy of training intervention components. They were mapped onto 38 intervention descriptions to assess breadth of coverage. Results Three core concepts (interpersonal, intrapersonal and system factors) and five themes (social interaction, credibility, relevance, information processing, practicalities) that captured what participants perceived to underpin effective training were identified. These were organised into the Perceived Effectiveness of Training framework. A list of training components linked to each theme was developed from the data and a taxonomy of 171 defined training intervention components organized into three phases and grouped into clusters was developed. Conclusions This research identified key attributes that constitute effective training as perceived by a sample of healthcare professionals and experts in training/behaviour change. The framework can be used to design and deliver training that is optimised for effectiveness, or as a basis for training evaluation. The taxonomy can be used as a resource to identify effective training components and offers a common language to describe training interventions. Future research may be useful to further explore in what contexts these components are most effective.
Decreased salivary lactoferrin levels are specific to Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: González-Sánchez Marta , Bartolome Fernando , Antequera Desiree , Puertas-Martín Veronica , González Pilar , Gómez-Grande Adolfo , Llamas-Velasco Sara , Martín Alejandro Herrero San , Pérez-Martínez David , Villarejo-Galende Alberto , Atienza Mercedes , Palomar Miriam , Cantero Jose Luis , Perry George , Orive Gorka , Ibañez Borja , Bueno Hector , Fuster Valentin , Carro Eva
Published: April 2020

Background

Efforts focused on developing new less invasive biomarkers for early Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis are substantial. Evidences of infectious pathogens in AD brains may suggest a deteriorated innate immune system in AD pathophysiology. We previously demonstrated reduced salivary levels of Lf in AD patients, one of the major antimicrobial peptides.

Methods

To assess the clinical utility of salivary Lf for AD diagnosis, we examine the relationship between salivary Lf and cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) load in two different cross-sectional cohorts including patients with different neurodegenerative disorders. Study participants for cohort 1 (n = 116) were enrolled from the 12 de Octubre University Hospital Neurology Service in Madrid (Spain) and Pablo de Olavide University in Sevilla (Spain). Study participants for cohort 2 (n = 142) were enrolled as part of the Atherobrain - Heart to Head (H2H) project. Participants underwent neurological and neuropsychological examination, saliva sampling, and amyloid-Positron-Emission Tomography (PET) neuroimaging.

Results

The diagnostic performance of salivary Lf in the cohort 1 had an area under the curve [AUC] of 0.95 (0.911-0.992) for the differentiation of the prodromal AD/AD group positive for amyloid-PET (PET + ) versus healthy group, and 0.97 (0.924-1) versus the frontotemporal dementia (FTD) group. In the cohort 2, salivary Lf had also an excellent diagnostic performance in the health control group versus prodromal AD comparison: AUC 0.93 (95% CI 0.876-0.989). Salivary Lf detected prodromal AD and AD dementia distinguishing them from other dementias as FTD with over 87% sensitivity and 91% specificity.

Conclusion

Therefore, salivary Lf seems to have a very good diagnostic performance to detect AD. Our findings support the possible utility of salivary Lf as a new non-invasive and cost-effective AD biomarker.
Investigation on microstructure and mechanical properties of short-carbon-fiber/Ti3SiC2 composites
Authors: He Guangqi , Guo Rongxiu , Li Meishuan , Yang Yang , Wang Linshan , Qian Yuhai , Zuo Jun , Xu Jingjun , Liu Changsheng
Published: April 2020

In this paper, short-carbon-fibers (Csf) reinforced Ti3SiC2 matrix composites (Csf/Ti3SiC2, the Csf content was 0, 2, 5 and 10 vol.%) were fabricated by spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) using Ti3SiC2 powders and Csf as starting materials at 1300 oC. The effects of Csf addition on the phase compositions, microstructures and mechanical properties (including hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness) of Csf/Ti3SiC2 composites were investigated. The Csf, with a bi-layered transition layers, i.e. TiC and SiC layer, were homogeneously distributed in the as-prepared Csf/Ti3SiC2 composites. With the increase of Csf content, the fracture toughness of Csf/Ti3SiC2 composites increased, but the flexural strength decreased, while the Vickers hardness decreased initially then increased steadily when the Csf content was higher than 2 vol.%. These changed performances could be attributed to the introduction of Csf and the formation of much stronger interfacial phases.
The Markers of Constipation in Palliative Care Cancer Patients: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Dzierżanowski Tomasz
Published: April 2020

BackgroundThere is no widely approved definition of constipation in palliative care, and short life expectancy allows only for a short time of observation before diagnosis. Apart from the patient’s subjective perception, it should include the objective (measurable) symptoms, as a significant portion of patients is unable to express their subjective assessment. The aim of this study was to verify what is the correlation between the objective and subjective symptoms of constipation and what values are diagnostic to constipation in adult palliative care cancer patients.MethodsA multicenter cohort study was performed.Results547 adult cancer patients were routinely assessed by physicians in 12 in-patient, home, and ambulatory palliative care centers. 369 patients met the inclusion criteria. The time since the last spontaneous bowel movements and their frequency were correlated with the subjective measures: the difficulty of defecation, the Bowel Function Index, and the necessity to use laxatives. The difficulty of defecation was moderate to the extreme when the time since the last spontaneous bowel movements was ≥2 days or a frequency of spontaneous bowel movements was <4 per week.ConclusionsConstipation should be diagnosed optimally based on a combination of objective and subjective metrics. At least one of the diagnostic markers should be present: the difficulty of defecation of ≥2 in [0-4] scale (moderately difficult to extremely difficult); the necessity of laxatives to induce bowel movements; time since the last spontaneous bowel movements ≥2 days; frequency of spontaneous bowel movements <4 per week.
Evaluation of chloride resistance of silica fume and glass waste MWCNT- geopolymer composite
Authors: khater hisham , elnagar abdeen
Published: April 2020

The target of the present paper is to study the enhancement effect of MWCNT on geopolymer resistivity to chloride attack. Geopolymer composites were made from metakaolin and ground granulated blast furnace slag and to either 10 % silica fume or glass waste. The added MWCNT were in the ratio of 0.01: 0.09 % by weight. Results revealed the high resistivity and stability against magnesium chloride solution; in addition glass waste mixes acquired high mechanical strength as compared with silica fume mixes as related to the high amorphous structure as well as high finesty of glass waste as compared with silica fume. The results revealed an increased enhancement in characteristics of geopolymer composites with MWCNT up to 0.07 % in both matrices.
Single Cell Oil Production with Cutaneotrichosporon curvatus (syn, Cryptococcus curvatus) PY39 and Its Use for Biodiesel Preparation
Authors: Jiru Tamene Milkessa
Published: April 2020

Background: Microorganisms including yeasts that are capable of accumulating lipids above 20 to 70% of their dry biomass are collectively named oleaginous. The oil produced from such microorganisms can be used as alternative sources of oils for human consumption, feedstocks for production of biodiesel, components in paints, coatings, detergents, cleaning products, cosmetics, plastics, rubber and intermediate products.Results: In this study Cutaneotrichosporon curvatus (Cryptococcus curvatus) PY39, an oleaginous yeast, isolated from flower surface in Ethiopia, was grown under nitrogen-limited media. The capacity of this strain with respect to biomass production, lipid yield and lipid content was evaluated. To determine the optimal culture conditions for this oleaginous yeast, different carbon and nitrogen sources, carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, pH, incubation temperature, shaking speed and incubation period were investigated. The optimal fermentation conditions were obtained as follows: 70 g/L of glucose as carbon source; combinations of ammonium sulphate and yeast extract as nitrogen sources at, respectively, 0.50 g/L and 0.47 g/L; initial pH of 5.0; temperature at 30oC, shaking speed of 225 rpm, and cultivated for 144 h. Under the optimized conditions, C.curvatus PY39 accumulated lipids up to 7.22±0.26 g/L on dry biomass basis. Such values correspond to lipid content of 48.66±0.60%. This strain was further grown on media containing peel mixtures of papaya and mango. Under the optimized conditions, C. curvatus PY39 exhibited a lipid yield and lipid content of 3.95±0.67 g/L and 35.02±1.63%, respectively. The fatty acid profiles were analyzed using gas chromatography. Data revealed the presence of significant amount of oleic acid (54.40±1.15%), palmitic acid (17.39±0.47%), stearic acid (13.16±0.93%) and low amount of other fatty acids in the extracted yeast oils which indicate that the fatty acid profiles were very similar to that of conventional vegetable oils.Conclusion: The results of fatty acid profiles showed that the microbial lipids from the studied yeast can be good feedstocks for biodiesel production.
Digitales mehrsprachiges Lernen bei neu zugewanderten Schülerinnen und Schüler der Grundschule
Authors: Dube Juliane
Published: April 2020

Wenngleich in den vergangenen 30 Jahren zum Für und Wider von digitalen Medien in der Schule zahlreiche Studien erschienen sind, generiert die ständige Weiter- und Neuentwicklung dieser in einem sich ebenfalls stetig verändernden Bildungsgefüge immer wieder neue Fragen. Für die Grundschule gilt es u.a. aktuell z.B. den Einsatz digitaler Formen wie (enhanced) eBooks oder Bilderbuch-Apps sowie digitale Audiostifte zur barrierefreien Rezeption von (Bilder-)Büchern aus deutschdidaktischer Perspektive stärker in den Blick zu nehmen. Ziel des Projektes MesH (Digitale Medien und sprachliche Heterogenität) war es audio-digitale Lernumgebungen zu mehrsprachigen Bilderbüchern zu entwickeln und diese sowohl im Labor- als auch im Schulsetting zu evaluieren (April 2017 – Juni 2018). Im vorliegenden Beitrag sollen die Ergebnisse des dritten Design-Zyklus vorgestellt werden, der sich mit der Frage beschäftigte, ob und inwieweit der Einsatz audio-digitaler Stifte als eine Form des computer assisted language learning (CALL) die Lernenden nicht nur zum Lesen motiviert, sondern auch eine Binnendifferenzierung im offenen Unterricht erlaubt, die den individuellen Stärken und Schwächen der mehrsprachigen Lernenden Rechnung trägt.
Ploidy of Seeds from Odd-polyploid American Elm
Authors: Whittemore Alan T. , Xia Zheng-Lian
Published: April 2020

Seeds from two odd-polyploid Ulmus americana L., both open-pollinated from surrounding tetraploid trees, were analyzed for nuclear genome size by using flow cytometry. Seeds from the triploid were predominantly aneuploid, with DNA content intermediate between triploid and tetraploid levels, but substantial numbers of tetraploid and pentaploid seeds were observed. No seeds of even ploidy were found in progeny of the pentaploid; seeds of the pentaploid were pentaploid, aneuploid with DNA content intermediate between tetraploid and pentaploid levels, or aneuploid with DNA content intermediate between pentaploid and hexaploid levels. Seeds from both trees often gave two peaks via flow cytometry, indicating the presence of two genetically distinct embryos in the same seed. The frequency of polyembryony in the sample is much higher than the frequency of seeds that yield multiple seedlings, suggesting that the formation of two genetically distinct embryos, followed by abortion of one embryo, is common in elms.