bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural basis of collective social behavior during environmental challenge
Authors: Raam Tara , Li Qin , Gu Linfan , Elagio Gabrielle , Lim Kayla Y. , Zhang Xingjian , Correa Stephanie M. , Hong Weizhe
Published: September 2024

Humans and animals have a remarkable capacity to collectively coordinate their behavior to respond to environmental challenges. However, the underlying neurobiology remains poorly understood. Here, we found that groups of mice self-organize into huddles at cold ambient temperature during the thermal challenge assay. We found that mice make active (self-initiated) and passive (partner-initiated) decisions to enter or exit a huddle. Using microendoscopic calcium imaging, we found that active and passive decisions are encoded distinctly within the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Silencing dmPFC activity in some mice reduced their active decision-making, but also induced a compensatory increase in active decisions by non-manipulated partners, conserving the group’s overall huddle time. These findings reveal how collective behavior is implemented in neurobiological mechanisms to meet homeostatic needs during environmental challenges.
Monkeys Predict US Elections
Authors: Jiang Yaoguang , Huttunen Annamarie , Belkaya Naz , Platt Michael L
Published: September 2024

How people vote often defies rational explanation. Physical traits sometimes sway voters more than policies do–but why? Here we show that rhesus macaques, who have no knowledge about political candidates or their policies, implicitly predict the outcomes of U.S. gubernatorial and senatorial elections based solely on visual features. Given a pair of candidate photos, monkeys spent more time looking at the loser than the winner, and this gaze bias predicted not only binary election outcomes but also the candidates’ vote share. Analysis of facial features revealed candidates with more masculine faces were more likely to win an election, and vote share was a linear function of jaw prominence. Our findings endorse the idea that voters spontaneously respond to evolutionarily conserved visual cues to physical prowess and that voting behavior is shaped, in part, by ancestral adaptations shared with nonhuman primates.

Significance Statement

We report that monkeys and humans alike respond spontaneously to evolutionarily conserved facial masculinity cues in political candidates, and this innate sensitivity partly shapes voting behavior, highlighting the imperative for voters to overcome this ancient heuristic by becoming more informed on candidates and their policies.
Temporal trends in the occurrence, mortality, and cost of brain disorders in Denmark
Authors: Fuglsang Cecilia Hvitfeldt , Rasmussen Thomas Bøjer , Rudolfsen Jan Håkon , Olsen Jens , Skipper Niels , Ulrichsen Sinna Pilgaard , Sørensen Henrik Toft , Christiansen Christian Fynbo
Published: September 2024

Background

Brain disorders, including neurological and mental disorders, are common and burdensome diseases.

Aim

To examine temporal trends in occurrence, mortality, and cost of brain disorders in Denmark for the period of 2015–2021.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using individual-level data recorded in the Danish health registries during 2011–2021. We computed the prevalence of any brain disorder and 25 individual brain disorders for each year from 2015 to 2021 and the incidence for the periods 2011–2015 and 2016–2021 by combining hospital diagnoses and filled prescriptions for relevant medications. We computed one-year hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality by comparing individuals with brain disorders to matched controls without. We also calculated attributable direct and indirect costs (i.e., lost productivity) of brain disorders.

Results

The prevalence of any brain disorder in Denmark was 33.2% in 2015, increasing to 35.2% in 2021. The three most prevalent conditions were depression (13.5% in 2021), sleep disorders (13.5% in 2021), and headache (7.9% in 2021). The incidence rate of any brain disorder was 1,792 and 1,634 per 100,000 person-years in 2011-2015 and 2016-2021, respectively. The one-year HR of mortality for any brain disorder was 5.5 (95% confidence internal [CI]: 5.4; 5.6) for 2011–2015 and 5.3 (95% CI: 5.2; 5.3) for 2016–2021. The total attributable direct costs for individuals with any brain disorder were €7.5 billion in both 2015 and 2021. In 2021, the total attributable indirect costs were highest for depression (∼€3.5 billion) and lowest for neuromuscular disorders (∼€53.5 million). Total indirect costs increased from €17.7 billion in 2015 to €23.2 billion in 2021. In 2021, the total indirect costs were highest for depression (∼€14 billion) and lowest for other neurodegenerative disorders (∼€60 million).

Conclusion

Brain disorders remain common, with a fivefold higher one-year mortality compared to persons without brain disorders. While total direct costs were similar in 2015 and 2021, total indirect costs increased over this period.
Investigation of factors associated with delayed initiation of breastfeeding in Papua New Guinea: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Maviso McKenzie , Pulsan Francis , Vallely Lisa M
Published: September 2024

Background: Breastfeeding within the first hour of birth is critical for newborn survival. However, in Papua New Guinea (PNG), about 40% of newborns are not breastfed within the first hour of birth. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with delayed breastfeeding initiation in PNG. Methods: This study utilised secondary data from the 2016-2018 PNG Demographic and Health Survey (DHS), a nationally representative cross-sectional study. A total weighted sample of 4748 women aged 15-49 were included. Complex samples analysis was performed to determine the direction of association between the independent variables and delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Results: About a quarter (24.6%) of women delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Women with an unplanned pregnancy (AOR 1.32; 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.68), those who had a caesarean section (AOR 3.16; 95% CI: 1.39 to 7.17), those who did not initiate newborn skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth (AOR 1.83; 95% CI: 1.41 to 2.38), and those who watched television (AOR 1.39; 95% CI: 1.11 to 1.75), or were from the Momase region (AOR 1.31; 95% CI: 0.88 to 1.93) had higher odds of delayed breastfeeding initiation. Conversely, those who read a newspaper or magazine (AOR 0.76; 95% CI: 0.61 to 0.95), were from the Southern (AOR 0.81; 95% CI: 0.56 to 1.15) and Highlands (AOR 0.86; 95% CI: 0.58 to 1.29) regions, and gave birth at home or in the village (AOR 0.69; 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.96) had lower odds of delayed initiation of breastfeeding. Conclusion: One in four women in this study delayed initiation of breastfeeding until after one hour after birth. Interventions to promote optimal breastfeeding require a multi-sectoral approach, as well as bolstering health workers capacity to encourage and support early initiation of breastfeeding during the antenatal and early postnatal periods.
Acceptability of Rehabilitation Exoskeleton from the Perspective of Users with Spinal Cord Injury and Healthcare Professionals: a Mixed Methods Systematic Review
Authors: Fortin-Bédard Noémie , Déry Julien , Simon Margaux , Blanchette Andreanne K. , Bouyer Laurent , Gagnon Martine , Routhier François , Lamontagne Marie-Eve
Published: September 2024

Objective

The objective was to document the acceptability of rehabilitation exoskeletons from the perspective of users with spinal cord injury (SCI) and healthcare professionals (HP).

Methods

This mixed-methods systematic review considered quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies that included adults with SCI using an exoskeleton for gait rehabilitation, as well as HP working within rehabilitation settings with individuals with SCI who used an exoskeleton. A convergent integrated approach per the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) was used.

Results

A total of 22 studies were included. Overall, individuals with SCI and HP expressed a favorable level of acceptability. Participants reported a positive affective attitude, an overall satisfaction, and several psychological benefits. Few burdens, ethical issues and opportunity costs have also been reported in the studies. Maintaining realistic expectations towards exoskeleton use and ensuring the appropriate selection of users is important for intervention coherence. In general, there was a positive perception regarding effectiveness and self-efficacy. Nevertheless, only a limited number of studies focused primarily on measuring acceptability, revealing an important gap in the literature.

Conclusions

The acceptability of exoskeletons among people with SCI and HP tends to be positive, which is promising for the sustainable implementation of this technology. However, there is still a lack of knowledge about the acceptability of HP, with only two studies conducted among this population. It is crucial to persevere in documenting the acceptability of exoskeletons, notably by standardizing comprehensive approaches for measuring acceptability, and to continue refining this technology.
Summary Estimates Derived from a Multi-state Non-Markov Framework to Characterize the Course of Heart Disease
Authors: Ding Ming , Lin Feng-Chang , Meyer Michelle L
Published: September 2024

Multi-state Markov models have been used to model the course of chronic disease. However, they are unsuitable to chronic disease where past and present states interplay and affect future states, and the estimated transition probabilities are time-specific which are not straightforward for public health interpretation. We have proposed a multi-state non-Markov framework that splits disease states into substates conditioning on past states. As the substates track past states and indicate multimorbidity, the estimated transition rates can be used to derive two summary estimates: Disease path which shows path of state transition, and multimorbidity-adjusted life year (MALY) which represents the adjusted life year in full health. In this paper, we showed the derivation of the two summary estimates and applied them to characterize the course of heart disease using data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC) study. The course of heart disease was modeled in five states, namely, healthy, at metabolic risk, coronary heart disease (CHD), heart failure, and mortality. In this mid- to old-age population, the estimated MALY was 24.13 (95% CI: 16.55, 32.06) years. For healthy participants at baseline, the most likely disease paths were: Healthy, at metabolic risk, mortality (37%), Healthy, mortality (21%), Healthy, at metabolic risk, heart failure, mortality (19%), and Healthy, at metabolic risk, CHD, mortality(8%). The MALY was higher among women than men and higher among Whites than Blacks. The distribution of disease path was similar across sex and race subgroups. In summary, MALY and disease path characterize the disease course in a summary manner and have potential use in chronic disease prevention.
Emotional contexts influence vocal individuality in ungulates
Authors: Osiecka Anna N. , Lefèvre Romain , Briefer Elodie F.
Published: September 2024

To group-living animals, such as most ungulates, being able to recognise the members of one’s social groups is crucial. While vocalisations often carry cues to identity, they are also impacted by the affective state of the caller, with signals often becoming more chaotic in contexts of negative valence or high arousal. How might this influence vocal individuality – and is there a pattern across taxa? To understand how the individual information content is maintained over emotionally charged contexts, we studied putatively negative and positive contact calls of seven ungulate species: cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, wild boars, horses, and Przewalski’s horses. The information content of these calls was assessed using Beecher’s statistic and the Potential of Individuality Coding. Across the species, the information content was lower in calls of negative than positive valence. In each of the species, at least one acoustic parameter was a reliable indicator of individuality across contexts. Our results indicate that negative valence overrides individual information in ungulate vocalisations at least to some extent, and imply that individual vocal recognition may require acoustic stability of certain important parameters. These findings reveal a nuanced role of affective communication in maintaining social bonds among socially complex animals.
Cytosolic CRISPR RNA for RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas systems
Authors: Cheng Ezra C.K. , Kwon S. Chul
Published: September 2024

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) technologies have evolved rapidly over the past decade with the continuous discovery of new Cas systems. In particular, RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas13 proteins are promising single-effector systems to regulate target mRNAs without altering genomic DNA, yet the current Cas13 systems are still restrained by suboptimal efficiencies. Here, we show that U1-driven CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) can dramatically increase the efficiency of various applications, including RNA knockdown and editing, without modifying the Cas13 protein effectors. We confirm that U1-driven crRNAs are exported into the cytoplasm, while conventional U6 promoter-driven crRNAs are mostly confined in the nucleus. Furthermore, we reveal that the end positions of crRNAs expressed by the U1 promoter are consistent regardless of different guide sequences and lengths. We also demonstrate that U1-driven crRNAs, but not U6-driven crRNAs, can efficiently repress the translation of target genes in combination with catalytically inactive Cas13 proteins. Finally, we show that U1-driven crRNAs can counteract the inhibitory effect of miRNAs. Our simple and effective engineering enables unprecedented cytosolic RNA-targeting applications.
Transcriptomic landscape of sex differences in obesity and type 2 diabetes in subcutaneous adipose tissue
Authors: Moldovan Roxana Andreea , Hidalgo Marta R. , Castañé Helena , Jiménez-Franco Andrea , Joven Jorge , Burks Deborah J. , Galán Amparo , García-García Francisco
Published: September 2024

Obesity represents a significant risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Significant sex differences have been identified in the prevalence, development, and pathophysiology of obesity and T2D; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to identify sex-specific biomarkers in obesity and T2D and enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms associated with sex differences by integrating expression data.

A systematic review, individual transcriptomic analysis, gene-level meta-analysis, and functional characterization were performed to achieve this aim. Eight studies and 236 subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were analyzed, identifying common and sex-specific biomarkers, many of which were previously associated with obesity or T2D.

The obesity meta-analysis yielded nineteen differentially-expressed biomarkers from a sex-specific perspective (e.g.,SPATA18, KREMEN1, NPY4R, andPRM3), while a comparison of the expression profiles between sexes in T2D prompted the identification and validation of specific transcriptomic signatures in males (SAMD9, NBPF3, LDHD, andEHD3) and females (RETN, HEY1, PLPP2, andPM20D2). At the functional level, we highlighted the fundamental role of the Wnt pathway in the development of obesity and T2D in females and the roles of more significant mitochondrial damage and free fatty acids in males.

Overall, our sex-specific meta-analyses supported the detection of differentially expressed genes in males and females associated with the development of obesity and T2D, emphasizing the relevance of sex-based information in biomedical data and opening new avenues for research.

Highlights

First meta-analysis on WAT with sex as a central perspective in obesity and T2D

This study identifies 19 sex-differential biomarkers in obesity, highlighting NPY4

Sex specific transcriptional signatures in SAT in the development of T2D

Wnt pathway genes show sex-specific roles in obesity and T2D, notably in females

Obesity increases mitogenesis in male, mediated by SPATA18, with an increased role of free fatty acids in T2D
Impaired axonal transport at the optic nerve head contributes to neurodegeneration in a novel Cre-inducible mouse model of myocilin glaucoma
Authors: Kaipa Balasankara Reddy , Kasetti Ramesh , Sundaresan Yogapriya , Li Linya , Yacoub Sam , Millar J. Cameron , Cho William , Skowronska-Krawczyk Dorota , Maddineni Prabhavathi , Palczewski Krzysztof , Zode Gulab S.
Published: September 2024

Elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) due to trabecular meshwork (TM) dysfunction, leading to neurodegeneration, is the pathological hallmark of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Impaired axonal transport is an early and critical feature of glaucomatous neurodegeneration. However, a robust mouse model that replicates these human POAG features accurately has been lacking. We report the development and characterization of a novel Cre-inducible mouse model expressing a DsRed-tagged Y437H mutant of human myocilin (Tg.CreMYOCY437H). A single intravitreal injection of HAd5-Cre induced selective MYOC expression in the TM, causing TM dysfunction, reducing outflow facility, and progressively elevating IOP inTg.CreMYOCY437Hmice. Sustained IOP elevation resulted in significant retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss and progressive axonal degeneration in Cre-inducedTg.CreMYOCY437Hmice. Notably, impaired anterograde axonal transport was observed at the optic nerve head before RGC degeneration, independent of age, indicating that impaired axonal transport contributes to RGC degeneration inTg.CreMYOCY437Hmice. In contrast, axonal transport remained intact in ocular hypertensive mice injected with microbeads, despite significant RGC loss. Our findings indicate that Cre-inducibleTg.CreMYOCY437Hmice replicate all glaucoma phenotypes, providing an ideal model for studying early events of TM dysfunction and neuronal loss in POAG.
Centralspindlin promotesC. elegansanchor cell specification, vulva induction and morphogenesis
Authors: Kato Tatsuya , Skorobogata Olga , Rocheleau Christian
Published: September 2024

Caenorhabditis elegansvulval development is a relatively simple model of organ development whereby a signal from the overlying gonad induces three epithelial cells to undergo three rounds of cell division to generate 22 cells that make up the vulva. Specification of the vulva cell fates requires coordination between cell division and cell signaling via LIN-12/Notch and LET-23/EGFR pathways in the somatic gonad and the underlying epithelium. Here we characterize the positive regulation of vulval development by the centralspindlin complex, a conserved cytokinesis regulator. Centralspindlin, a heterotetramer of ZEN-4/KIF23 and CYK-4/RacGAP1, is essential for completion of cytokinesis during early embryonic cell divisions. We found that centralspindlin is required in the somatic gonad for division of somatic gonad precursor cells and hence specification of the LIN-3/EGF-secreting anchor cell critical for LET-23/EGFR-mediated vulval induction. However, the requirements for centralspindlin for cytokinesis during postembryonic development are incomplete as a binucleate anchor cell is frequently specified. The presence of the binucleate anchor cell correlates with vulva induction and demonstrates that LIN-12/Notch signaling, required for anchor cell specification, and LET-23/EGFR signaling, required for vulva induction, is largely functional in these cells. Centralspindlin is also partially required for cytokinesis of the vulval cells where it regulates vulva morphogenesis rather than induction. We also found that the GAP domain of CYK-4/RacGAP1 required for contractile ring assembly during embryonic division is not essential for vulval development. Thus, there appears to be different requirements for centralspindlin during postembryonic development of the somatic gonad and vulva as compared to early embryogenesis.
U2AF regulates the translation and localization of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial mRNAs
Authors: Garcia Gloria R. , Palangat Murali , Moraly Josquin , Donovan Benjamin T. , Wang Bixuan , Phadke Ira , Sturgill David , Chen Jiji , Short Brittney , Rivero Gustavo A. , Swoboda David M. , Taylor Naomi , McGraw Kathy , Larson Daniel R.
Published: September 2024

The mechanisms underlying molecular targeting to mitochondria remain enigmatic, yet this process is crucial for normal cellular function. The RNA binding proteins U2AF1/2 form a heterodimer (U2AF) that shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm, regulating splicing in the nucleus and translation in the cytoplasm. Our study identifies an unexpected role for U2AF in mitochondrial function. We demonstrate that U2AF interacts with nuclear-transcribed mitochondrial mRNAs and proteins, inhibits translation, localizes to the outer mitochondrial membrane, and regulates mRNA localization to mitochondria. Moreover, an oncogenic point-mutation in U2AF1(S34F) disrupts this regulation, leading to altered mitochondrial structure, increased translation, and OXPHOS-dependent metabolic rewiring, recapitulating changes observed in bone marrow progenitors from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. These findings reveal a non-canonical role for U2AF, where it modulates multiple aspects of mitochondrial function by regulating the translation and mitochondrial targeting of nuclear-encoded mRNAs.
Characterization and molecular insights of a chromium-reducing bacteriumBacillus tropicus
Authors: Tuli Shanjana Rahman , Ali Md. Firoz , Jamal Tabassum Binte , Khan Md. Abu Sayem , Fatima Nigar , Ahmed Irfan , Khatun Masuma , Sharmin Shamima Akhtar
Published: September 2024

Environmental pollution from metal toxicity is a widespread concern. Certain bacteria hold promise for bioremediation that converts toxic chromium into a less harmful form, promoting environmental cleanup. In this study, we report the isolation and detailed characterization of a highly chromium-tolerant bacterium,Bacillus tropicusCRB14. The isolate is capable of growing on 5000 mg/l Cr (VI) in LB agar plate while on 900 mg/l Cr (VI) in LB broth with an 86.57% reduction ability within 96 hours of culture. It can also tolerate high levels of As, Cd, Co, Fe, Zn, and Pb. The plant growth-promoting potential of the isolate was demonstrated by a significant activity of nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, IAA, and siderophore production. Whole-genome sequencing revealed that the isolate lacks plasmids for Cr resistance, suggesting genes reside on its chromosome. The presence of thechrAgene points towards Cr (VI) transport, while the absence ofycnDsuggests alternative reduction pathways. The genome harbors features like genomic islands and CRISPR-Cas systems, potentially aiding adaptation and defense. Analysis suggests a robust metabolism, potentially involved in Cr detoxification. Notably, genes for siderophore and NRP-metallophore production were identified. Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data also provides the basis for molecular validation of various genes. Findings from this study highlight the potential application ofBacillus tropicusCRB14 for bioremediation while plant growth promotion can be utilized as an added benefit.
Neural Encoding of Direction and Distance across Reference Frames in Visually Guided Reaching
Authors: Caceres Alejandra Harris , Barany Deborah A. , Dundon Neil M. , Smith Jolinda , Marneweck Michelle
Published: September 2024

Goal-directed actions require transforming sensory information into motor plans defined across multiple parameters and reference frames. Substantial evidence supports the encoding of target direction in gaze– and body-centered coordinates within parietal and premotor regions. However, how the brain encodes the equally critical parameter of target distance remains less understood. Here, using Bayesian pattern component modeling of fMRI data during a delayed reach-to-target task, we dissociated the neural encoding of both target direction and the relative distances between target, gaze, and hand at early and late stages of motor planning. This approach revealed independent representations of direction and distance along the human dorsomedial reach pathway. During early planning, most premotor and superior parietal areas encoded a target’s distance in single or multiple reference frames and encoded its direction. In contrast, distance encoding was magnified in gaze– and body-centric reference frames during late planning. These results emphasize a flexible and efficient human central nervous system that achieves goals by remapping sensory information related to multiple parameters, such as distance and direction, in the same brain areas.

Significance statement

Motor plans specify various parameters, e.g., target direction and distance, each of which can be defined in multiple reference frames relative to gaze, limb, or head. Combining fMRI, a delayed reach-to-target task, and Bayesian pattern component modeling, we present evidence for independent goal-relevant representations of direction and distance in multiple reference frames across early and late planning along the dorsomedial reach pathway. Initially, areas encoding distance also encode direction, but later in planning, distance encoding in multiple reference frames was magnified. These results emphasize central nervous system flexibility in transforming movement parameters in multiple reference frames crucial for successful goal-directed actions and have important implications for brain-computer interface technology advances with sensory integration.
Tension-induced suppression of allosteric conformational changes explains coordinated stepping of kinesin-1
Authors: Makino Tsukasa , Kanada Ryo , Mori Teppei , Miyazono Ken-ichi , Komori Yuta , Yanagisawa Haruaki , Takada Shoji , Tanokura Masaru , Kikkawa Masahide , Tomishige Michio
Published: September 2024

The dimeric motor protein kinesin-1 walks along microtubules by alternating ATP hydrolysis and movement of its two motor domains (“head”). The detached head preferentially binds to the forward tubulin-binding site after ATP binds to the microtubule-bound head, but the mechanism preventing premature binding to the microtubule while the partner head awaits ATP remains unknown. Here, we examined the role of the neck linker, the segment connecting the two heads, in this mechanism. High-resolution structural analyses of the nucleotide-free head revealed a bulge just ahead of the neck linker’s base that creates an asymmetric constraint on its mobility. While the neck linker can stretch freely backward, it must navigate around this bulge to extend forward. Based on this finding, we hypothesized that premature binding of the tethered head is suppressed by an intolerable increase in neck linker tension. Molecular dynamic simulations and single-molecule fluorescent assays supported this model. These findings demonstrate a tension-based regulation mechanism where off-pathway conformational transitions are thermodynamically suppressed through entropy loss associated with neck linker stretching, suggesting that neck linker tension influences the allosteric conformational transition rather than directly affecting the nucleotide state.
Short-term antibiotics, induced magnetic field, and magnetic sensitivity in a migratory songbird
Authors: Sherf Gaya , Levi Anat , Natan Eviatar , Vortman Yoni
Published: September 2024

The use of magnetoreception is widespread in the animal kingdom. Although much effort has been invested in unraveling the receptor and the mechanism behind this ability, the results remain inconclusive. The recently proposed ’symbiotic magnetic sensing hypothesis’ suggests that magnetotactic bacteria symbiotically act as ‘magnetic sensors’ for the host. In this study, we examined the changes in magnetic orientation of Eurasian reed warblers (Acrocephalus scirpaceus) placed in Emlen funnels under the influence of antibiotics, in response to a manipulated magnetic field. We found that reed warblers of the control group showed no significant magnetic orientation when placed in a manipulated magnetic field. In contrast, reed warblers placed in an unplugged coil showed significant magnetic southwest orientation. Furthermore, reed warblers exposed to short-term antibiotic treatment (12 h) demonstrated significant magnetic orientation (southwest, regardless of season) and significantly lower directional variance. We hypothesize that individuals from the control group identified the electromagnetic noise induced by the artificial magnetic field. Taken together, this unexpected result may demonstrate the sensitivity of passerines to electromagnetic noise and a possible damping effect of antibiotics on this sensitivity. Assuming our interpretations are correct, we consider this result as indirect experimental support for the symbiotic magnetic sensing hypothesis.
Circadian modulation of mosquito host-seeking persistence by Pigment-Dispersing Factor impacts daily biting patterns
Authors: Dong Linhan , Hormigo Richard , Barnett Jord M. , Greppi Chloe , Duvall Laura B.
Published: September 2024

Daily rhythms in mosquito attraction to humans are thought to drive biting patterns and contribute to disease transmission dynamics. Behavioral rhythms in many insects are controlled by specialized clock cells in the brain that are coordinated by the neuropeptide Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF). We show that femaleAedes aegyptimosquitoes with genetically disrupted PDF display altered daily behavioral timing with reduced locomotor activity and biting in the morning. Using an automated behavioral tracking system, we also report that mosquitoes exhibit daily modulation of response persistence to the host cue carbon dioxide and loss of PDF alters this pattern. These findings indicate that PDF regulates temporal features of host-seeking behavior that promote biting success at specific times of day and may underlie blood feeding patterns observed in the field.
The MYC–MAF–SAGA axis drives oncogenic gene expression in multiple myeloma
Authors: Wang Hongkuan , Wen Hong , Shi Xiaobing
Published: September 2024

The SAGA complex is an evolutionarily conserved histone acetyltransferase complex and transcription coactivator essential for development and disease. Dysregulation of SAGA is implicated in various human diseases, including cancer. In this issue ofGenes & Development,Chen et al. (doi:10.1101/gad.351789.124) uncover a critical role for SAGA in multiple myeloma wherein SAGA's ADA2B component is required for the expression of mTORC1 pathway genes and targets of the MYC, E2F, and MAF (musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma) transcription factors. SAGA cooperates with MYC and MAF to sustain oncogenic gene expression programs vital for multiple myeloma survival and thus may serve as a therapeutic target for future cancer therapies.
Electronic structure and thermoelectric properties of epitaxial
Sc1−xVxNy
thin films grown on MgO(001)
Authors: Chowdhury Susmita , Singh Niraj Kumar , Honnali Sanath Kumar , Greczynski Grzegorz , Eklund Per , le Febvrier Arnaud , Magnuson Martin
Published: September 2024

The electronic structure of Sc1−xVxNy epitaxial films with different alloying concentrations of V are investigated with respect to effects on thermoelectric properties. Band structure calculations on Sc0.75V0.25N indicate that V 3d states lie in the band gap of the parent ScN compound in the vicinity of the Fermi level. Thus, theoretically, the presence of light (dispersive) bands at the Γ point with band multiplicity is expected to lead to lower electrical resistivity, while flat (heavy) bands at X−W−K symmetry points are associated with higher Seebeck coefficients than that of ScN. Hence, to probe the thermoelectric properties experimentally, epitaxial Sc1−xVxNy thin film samples were deposited on MgO(001) substrates. All the samples showed N substoichiometry and pseudocubic crystal structure. The N-vacancy-induced states were visible in the Sc 2p x-ray absorption spectroscopy spectra. The reference ScN and Sc1−xVxNy samples up to x=0.12 were n type, exhibiting carrier concentration of 1021 cm−3, typical for degenerate semiconductors. For the highest V alloying of x=0.15, holes became the majority charge carriers, as indicated by the positive Seebeck coefficient. The underlying electronic structure and bonding mechanisms in Sc1−xVxNy influence the electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, and Hall effect. Thus, this paper contributes to the fundamental understanding to correlate defects and thermoelectric properties to the electronic structure in the Sc-N system with V alloying.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Explosive percolation in finite dimensions
Authors: Li Ming , Wang Junfeng , Deng Youjin
Published: September 2024

Explosive percolation (EP) has received significant research attention due to its rich and anomalous phenomena near criticality. In our recent study [], we demonstrated that the correct critical behaviors of EP in infinite dimensions (complete graph) can be accurately extracted using the event-based method, with finite-size scaling behaviors still described by the standard finite-size scaling theory. We perform an extensive simulation of EPs on hypercubic lattices ranging from dimensions d=2 to 6, and find that the critical behaviors consistently obey the standard finite-size scaling theory. Consequently, we obtain a high-precision determination of the percolation thresholds and critical exponents, revealing that EPs governed by the product and sum rules belong to different universality classes. Remarkably, despite the mean of the dynamic pseudocritical point TL deviating from the infinite-lattice criticality by a distance determined by the d-dependent correlation-length exponent, TL follows a normal (Gaussian) distribution across all dimensions, with a standard deviation proportional to 1/V, where V denotes the system volume. A theoretical argument associated with the central-limit theorem is further proposed to understand the probability distribution of TL. These findings offer a comprehensive understanding of critical behaviors in EPs across various dimensions, revealing a different dimension-dependence compared to standard bond percolation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Multicriteria selection practices in public tender evaluation process: the case of Sri Lanka
Authors: Uduwage Don Nuwantha Lasitha Sampath , Panuwatwanich Kriengsak , Waidyasekara K.G.A.S.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Awarding contracts based solely on the lowest price is unsuitable for every project. Consequently, most procurement systems in developed countries have progressed to the multicriteria selection practices (MSPs) for tender evaluation. MSPs consider a range of quality measures, such as completion time, life cycle cost, functional characteristics, environmental impact and innovation, alongside bid price. This study examines the prevailing MSPs in Sri Lankan public tender evaluations to enhance the effectiveness of the local tender evaluation process.

Design/methodology/approach

A desk study approach was employed to collect bidding documents, resulting in the identification of 66 documents. A systematic screening process was then applied to identify those bidding documents that incorporated MSPs. Subsequently, content analysis was conducted to determine the common features of the functions used in MSPs.

Findings

The study identified six primary functions related to MSPs incorporated in the bidding documents to procure building and substation projects. Three functions follow the price-to-quality method, while the remaining three follow the quality-to-price method. Among these identified functions, four functions employ objective evaluation criteria, such as thickness, capacity and operational loss. The other two functions utilize subjective evaluation criteria, such as the project’s design and technical specifications. Contract awarding will be based on either the highest score or the lowest bid, depending on the function type.

Originality/value

This study’s originality lies in exploring MSPs in the Sri Lankan public tender evaluation process and in disclosing their characteristics to promote the MSPs in Sri Lanka and developing countries.
Ownership structure, board composition and CEO dominance: what does really matters to corporate deleveraging policies?
Authors: Shahzad Aamer , Nazir Mian Sajid , Morais Flávio , Asghar Butt Affaf
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The role played by corporate governance mechanisms on corporate deleveraging policies has not been clarified. Empirical evidence is confined to developed economies, even with conflicting and inconclusive results. This paper aims to examine the role of corporate governance mechanisms, such as ownership structure, board composition and CEO dominance, in explaining corporate deleveraging policies.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of listed Pakistani firms between 2010 and 2022, this study resorts to binary response models to examine the effects of governance mechanisms on firms’ decision to go debt-free.

Findings

A greater ownership concentration, institutional ownership and family ownership increase the propensity for zero leverage. Board gender diversity decreases the propensity for deleveraging policies, which seems to indicate that the presence of females reinforces the monitoring function of the board. Finally, lower managerial ownership or CEO dominance decreases the propensity toward zero leverage (interest convergence hypothesis), but higher managerial ownership or CEO dominance increases the propensity toward zero leverage (managerial entrenchment hypothesis).

Practical implications

Risk-averse managers who prefer to control a firm using little or no debt will find it easier to implement these financing policies in firms with greater ownership concentration and where institutional holders have a substantial stake. For shareholders, this study suggests that investing in firms with females on board reduces the risk of corporate deleveraging policies being adopted for entrenched reasons.

Social implications

The presence of females on board seems to decrease the propensity of managers to adopt opportunistic actions and may also contribute to enhancing human welfare and society in developing countries.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study considering the effect of board diversity on zero leverage. Another singularity is that this study exhibits a nonlinear relationship between managerial ownership and corporate deleveraging policy.
Developing a framework for selecting alternative materials for construction projects using BIM and the particle swarm optimization algorithm
Authors: Salari Mahdi , Ghanbari Milad , Skitmore Martin , Alipour Majid
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to create a comprehensive framework for selecting alternative materials in construction projects, integrating building information modeling (BIM) and the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Materials comprise 60%–65% of the total project cost, and current methods require significant time and human resources.

Design/methodology/approach

A prototype framework is developed that considers multiple criteria to optimize the material selection process, addressing the significant investment of time and resources required in current methods. The study uses surveys and interviews with construction professionals to collect primary data on alternative materials selection.

Findings

The results show that integrating BIM and the PSO algorithm improves cost optimization and material selection outcomes.

Originality/value

This comprehensive tool enhances decision-making capabilities and resource utilization, improving project outcomes and resource utilization. It offers a systematic approach to evaluating and selecting materials, making it a valuable resource for construction professionals.
Navigating uncertainty: configurations of entrepreneurial behaviors for new venture performance
Authors: Yu Xiaoyu , Zhao Wenjing , Tao Yida
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The entrepreneurial process often cannot be explained by a single entrepreneurial theory. Instead, it is more likely the result of the interaction between various entrepreneurial behavior patterns and different environmental conditions. However, existing research has frequently overlooked the complexity inherent in the entrepreneurial phenomenon. Building on a configurational perspective, this study aims to examine how new ventures can use different behavioral configurations to achieve high performance amid various uncertain environments.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the survey data from 143 new start-ups in China’s software industry, this study uses fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA).

Findings

This study jointly considers multiple entrepreneurial behaviors − causation, effectuation and entrepreneurial bricolage and different types of environmental uncertainty − state uncertainty, effect uncertainty and response uncertainty. The findings reveal three behavioral configurations for high/nonhigh new venture performance.

Originality/value

This study expands previous insights into the relationship between entrepreneurial behaviors and new venture performance from the perspective of configurational theory. Moreover, it offers new insights into the types of uncertainty, further refining our understanding of the uncertainties inherent in entrepreneurial activities.
Extended spherical harmonic expansion using multipolar bases of equivalent magnetic sources on arbitrary surfaces
Authors: Derenty-Camenen Gauthier , Lepot Alexis , Chadebec Olivier , Pinaud Olivier , Rouve Laure-Line , Zozor Steeve
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a compact model to represent the magnetic field outside the sources. This model provides the multipolar ordering of a spherical harmonic expansion far from the source while being valid in its close proximity.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors investigate equivalent surface sources that enable to compute the field very close to any chosen surface that encloses the source. Then the authors present a method to find an appropriate initial basis and its associated inner product that allow to construct multipolar harmonic bases for these equivalent sources, where any vector of order k produces a field that decreases at least as fast as the field produced by a multipole of order k. Finally, those bases are numerically implemented to demonstrate their performances, both far from the source and in its close proximity.

Findings

The charge distribution and normal dipole distribution are well-suited to construct multipolar harmonic bases of equivalent sources. These bases can be described by as few parameters as the decreasing spherical harmonic expansion. Comparison with other numerical models shows its ability to compute the field both far from the source and close to it.

Originality/value

A basis for normal dipole distribution has already been described in the literature. This paper presents a general method to construct a multipolar basis for equivalent sources and uses it to construct a basis for single-layer potential.
Facilitating the voices of people with disabilities in disaster research: a case study of participatory timeline methodologies in Sindhupalchok Nepal
Authors: Ewen Abigail , Pelling Mark
Published: September 2024

Purpose

There has been increasing advocacy for the inclusion of people with disabilities in disaster research and practice yet there are limited empirical examples that give voice to people with disabilities and their expereinces by consulting them directly. Conceptulising new methods that frame the role of people with disabilties as co-producers are essential for improving the representation of people with disabilties in the context of disaster research and beyond. The paper discusses how to facilitate disability inclusive research and introduces a participatory timeline tool that was co-produced by people with physical disabilities in Sindhupalchok, Nepal.

Design/methodology/approach

The participatory timeline activity utilised 3D printed counters to explore the experiences of people with disabilities during disaster events and their recovery processes, in this case, the 2015 Ghorka earthquake and the 2021 Melamchi Flood. The paper reflects on how to foster disability-inclusive environments by placing agency and ownership by people with disabilities at the centre of research practice.

Findings

This approach created an atmosphere of collaboration and supported co-researchers to reveal their experiences and knowledge on their own terms. The counter tool introduced could be adapted for different research inquiries and used alongside other methods which seek to facilitate the voices of people with disabilities.

Originality/value

The research paper adds to the limited body of litreature on how to conduct participatory research with people with disabilities in disaster contexts and more widely within Majority world contexts.
Gender differences in organizational fairness, diversity and inclusion: the mediating role of psychological safety in affective commitment
Authors: Pinho Mariana , Colston Belinda
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The current study explores the role of social psychological factors on organizational commitment. It examined the relationships between organizational fairness, inclusion, diversity, sexism, psychological safety and affective commitment.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a cross-sectional survey method where data were collected from staff across six higher education institutions in the United Kingdom. A total of 416 responses were collected and the data were analyzed by employing independent sample t-tests to explore gender differences regarding organizational diversity, inclusion, fairness, sexism, psychological safety and affective commitment. The mediating role of psychological safety in the effects of organizational diversity, fairness, inclusion and sexism on staff’s commitment to the organization was evaluated through a series of simple mediation models. Finally, the mediated effect of organizational social psychological factors on affective commitment through psychological safety, moderated by gender was tested.

Findings

As hypothesized, men had higher perceptions of organizational inclusion and diversity and viewed their organization as less sexist. Psychological safety mediated the positive effects of organizational diversity, fairness, inclusion and sexism on staff’s affective commitment to the organization. Organizational diversity and sexism played a bigger part in how women evaluate their organizational environment as safe to take risks and be themselves and consequently on how they commit to the organization. On the other hand, organizational fairness and inclusion seem more closely tied to men’s evaluation of their organization as safe to be themselves and consequently stronger commitment.

Originality/value

The findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms that shape affective commitment, that can lead to more inclusive work environments and contribute to systemic change in the Higher Education context.