bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRYV365 videogame Brain Agents: qualitative insights on social emotional learning, resiliency, and positive life experiences (Preprint)
Authors: Liverman Elizabeth , Antognoli David , Elaiho Cordelia , McGuire Madison , Stoltenburg Abbey , Navarette Angel , Bates Garrett , Chelius Thomas , Gundacker Constance , Lumelsky Paula , Currie Brandon , Meurer John
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Children are shaped by the events in their lives, some of which may be traumatic. Consequently, it is vital that children develop skills to understand and cope with stress and emotions. Such skills can be fostered in schools through trauma informed programs and the promotion of social emotional learning (SEL). One tool that can be used to teach these schools is videogames. Previous studies in Europe have shown that videogames can be used to improve youth mental health and emotional intelligence. A videogame Brain Agents was developed by Night City and Colombia College Chicago and produced by STRYV365, a non-profit based in Milwaukee. The game immerses players in narrative scenarios that emphasize the value of practicing resilience, being in touch with emotions and wellbeing, and establishing positive social relationships through storyline and minigames.

OBJECTIVE

We hypothesize that Brain Agents use by students in grades 5-9 in four Milwaukee schools will improve their SEL and resiliency.
· Specific Aims: We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of Brain Agents.

METHODS

In academic years 2022-24, a cluster randomized, incomplete block factorial design of interventions was developed in four schools and five grade levels. During four semesters over two years, students in classes are exposed to Brain Agents, another STRYV365 coaching program called peak team, both, or no intervention each semester. With parent consent, students participate in focus groups or interviews at the end each semester Transcripts of the sessions were analyzed using a qualitative positivist paradigm and eight core themes were coded in the software program Dedoose.

RESULTS

Eight core themes were identifiedincluding: experience with Brain Agents, awareness of and ability to control emotions, future goals, traits proud of, current challenges, and perceptions of neighborhood. Students overall reported positive experiences with the game andoffered suggestions on how to improve it. Most reported that feelings of anger were the cause of loss of emotional control and many voiced differing strategies to self-calm. Students also reported many extrinsic and intrinsic traits that they were proud of as well as educational, career, and extracurricular goals.

CONCLUSIONS

Many students reported positive experiences with the Brain Agents although some reported problems and glitches. Similar to previous studies, this study suggests that videogames can promote emotional intelligence with students learning emotional awareness and coping strategies. As one of the first studies of its kind in the US, this study shows that gamification can be used to promote SEL in schools and children with traumatic backgrounds.
Improving Care Dynamics for Older Adults by Managing Relationships with Foreign Live-In Caregivers: A Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Tan Cheng Kian , Zhao ShiXin
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Care work is emerging as a crucial component of older adults’ daily lives, and in high income countries it is being increasingly undertaken by foreign/migrant workers.

OBJECTIVE

Understanding the carer–cared for relationship, including the influences of the mode, degree, and social environment, could provide insights into the cultivation and strengthening of the physical and spiritual wellbeing of older adults.

METHODS

This systematic review of the research on live-in migrant care workers explored the recommended practices for care work in a globalised market. Nine of 2,903 articles extracted from five databases met the inclusion criteria and were scanned and analysed using data charting and thematic analysis.

RESULTS

The findings showed that foreign care workers contribute to the realisation of person-centred home care and reduce older adults’ loneliness. The care recipients and their families establish reciprocal care and support practices with the foreign care workers and complement each other’s role and responsibilities in a relationship that is blurrily situated between monetary employment and emotional companionship.

CONCLUSIONS

This study finds that hiring live-in foreign care workers reorganises the social dynamics of the caregiving family and the quality of care is affected by the participants’ adaptation and negotiation. We suggest that future studies should consider adopting a qualitative approach using random sampling to explore the role of family caregivers and the mechanisms that drive mutuality in care, despite the challenge of finding suitable study participants.

CLINICALTRIAL

NA
The potential for ‘smart glasses’ to transform UK facial palsy therapy: A national budget analysis, Delphi valuation exercise, and economic modelling of cost-effectiveness. (Preprint)
Authors: Khan Amir J , Mistry Hema , Neville Catriona , Martin Helen , Holliday Nikki , Oxford Samuel W , Nduka Charles , Szczepura Ala
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Facial palsy is the most common single nerve disorder world-wide. Incidence rates are rising globally, with incomplete recovery producing long-term reductions in quality of life for one in three cases. Neuromuscular retraining (NMR) to restore balanced facial function is the most widely evaluated effective non-drug therapy. There are currently no estimates of the likely economic impact of telerehabilitation introduced into the facial NMR therapy pathway.

OBJECTIVE

To undertake an analysis of the economic burden associated with facial palsy in the UK. To model the cost-effectiveness of digital rehabilitation (tracking sensors in ‘smart specs’) added into the NMR therapy pathway.

METHODS

The national burden associated with facial palsy included all treatment costs and economic consequences of unresolved cases. Estimates were based on annual incidence, clinical treatment patterns, recovery profiles, and impact on health-related quality of life. The monetary value placed on different levels of clinical recovery (House-Brackmann (HB) grade) was identified in a national Delphi exercise. An economic model was developed to estimate the costs and benefits of telerehabilitation from a healthcare perspective, and to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio.

RESULTS

The direct healthcare cost of facial palsy treatment for all patients diagnosed each year in the UK is estimated at £86.3 million. Long-term morbidity costs associated with these cases total £351-£584 million. Inclusion of societal costs, such as changes in employment, increases this figure to over £1.27 billion. The value placed on recovery from HB grades 5 and 6 is >£19,400, and £8,600 for HB grades 3 and 4. The economic model predicts that telerehabilitation will reduce healthcare costs and improve outcomes; conservative estimates are £468 saving per patient and health gain of 0.14 HB grade. Implementation of telerehabilitation for patients with incomplete recovery is predicted to produce a national saving of up to £3.08 million in healthcare costs per cohort, with associated HB grade recovery valued at up to £17.8 million. Inclusion of wider societal impact (e.g. on employment) increases cost savings significantly.

CONCLUSIONS

Introduction of digital rehabilitation into facial palsy therapy is predicted to reduce costs and improve patient outcomes. Further trials with integral economic evaluations are now needed to establish cost-effectiveness in real-world settings.

CLINICALTRIAL

NA
Evaluation of Large Language Models in Tailoring Educational Content for Disadvantaged Cancer Survivors and Their Caregivers (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Darren , Hu Xiao , Xiao Canhua , Bai Jinbing , Barandouzi Zahra , Lee Stephanie , Webster Caitlin , Brock La-Urshalar , Lee Lindsay , Bold Delgersuren , Lin Yufen
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Disadvantaged cancer survivors and their caregivers (e.g., individuals with limited health literacy, racial and ethnic minorities facing language barriers) face a disproportionately increased risk of symptom burden from cancer and its treatments. Large language models (LLMs) offer researchers an opportunity to develop educational materials tailored to these populations.

OBJECTIVE

The purposes of this study were to: 1) evaluate the overall performance of LLMs in generating tailored educational content for disadvantaged cancer survivors and their caregivers; 2) compare the performances of three Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) models (i.e., GPT-3.5 Turbo, GPT-4, GPT-4 Turbo); and 3) explore different prompts that can help LLMs generate better content.

METHODS

We selected 30 topics from national guidelines on cancer care and education. GPT-3.5 Turbo, GPT-4, and GPT-4 Turbo were used to generate tailored content of up to 250 words at a 6th-grade reading level, with translations into Spanish and Chinese for each topic. Nine oncology experts evaluated the content based on pre-determined criteria: word limit, reading level, and quality assessment (i.e., clarity, accuracy, relevance, completeness, and comprehensibility). ANOVA or Chi-square analyses were employed to compare differences among the various GPT models and prompts.

RESULTS

Overall, LLMs showed excellent performance in tailoring educational content, with 74.2% (n=360) adhering to the specified word limit and achieving an average quality assessment score of 8.933 out of 10. However, LLMs showed moderate performance in reading level, with 41.1% of content failing to meet the 6th-grade reading level. LLMs demonstrated strong translation capabilities, achieving an accuracy of 88.9% for Spanish and 81.1% for Chinese translations. The more advanced GPT-4 family models showed better overall performance compared to GPT-3.5 Turbo. Prompting GPTs to produce bulleted-format content was likely to result in better educational materials compared to textual-format content.

CONCLUSIONS

This study highlights the application of LLMs in cancer care and education while acknowledging their potential limitations. The findings can inform the development and implementation of interventions in cancer symptom management and supportive care, thereby advancing health equity.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/48499
Spatiotemporal panorama of deaths from external causes in Brazil: an ecological
and population-based study of a 23-year historical series (Preprint)
Authors: Andrade Lucas Almeida , Paz Wandklebson Silva da , Melo Luís Ricardo Santos de , Tavares Débora dos Santos , de Sousa Alvaro , Camargo Emerson Lucas Silva , Ventura Carla Aparecida Arena , Sousa Regina da Silva , Araújo Karina Conceição Gomes Machado de , Souza Carlos Dornels Freire de , Santos Allan Dantas dos , Campos Fagner Alfredo Ardisson Cirino , Santos Márcio Bezerra
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Mortality from external causes is a significant public health concern globally, impacting both lives and economies. This study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of such mortality in Brazil over 23 years, from 2000 to 2022, using data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM). We employed Joinpoint regression for temporal trends, Moran's I for spatial analysis, and Poisson scanning statistics for spatiotemporal patterns. The study recorded 3,240,023 deaths, with the highest rates among men and young adults (20-39 years). Major causes included assaults (36.61%), transport accidents (26.55%), falls (7.83%), and self-harm (7.43%). Despite an overall decreasing trend in mortality, increases were observed in the North and Northeast regions and among the elderly. High-risk areas were primarily in the North, Northeast, and Central-West regions. Although there was a reduction in mortality from external causes, it was not uniform across all regions. Men and young adults remain the most affected, with the North, Northeast, and Central-West regions exhibiting the highest mortality risks.

OBJECTIVE

Mortality from external causes is a significant public health concern globally, impacting both lives and economies. This study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics of such mortality in Brazil over 23 years, from 2000 to 2022, using data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM).

METHODS

We employed Joinpoint regression for temporal trends, Moran's I for spatial analysis, and Poisson scanning statistics for spatiotemporal patterns.

RESULTS

The study recorded 3,240,023 deaths, with the highest rates among men and young adults (20-39 years). Major causes included assaults (36.61%), transport accidents (26.55%), falls (7.83%), and self-harm (7.43%). Despite an overall decreasing trend in mortality, increases were observed in the North and Northeast regions and among the elderly. High-risk areas were primarily in the North, Northeast, and Central-West regions.

CONCLUSIONS

Although there was a reduction in mortality from external causes, it was not uniform across all regions. Men and young adults remain the most affected, with the North, Northeast, and Central-West regions exhibiting the highest mortality risks.

CLINICALTRIAL

Although there was a reduction in mortality from external causes, it was not uniform across all regions. Men and young adults remain the most affected, with the North, Northeast, and Central-West regions exhibiting the highest mortality risks.
Disclosure of Anxiety Concerns on Social Media: Do Concerns Vary by Age and Forum? (Preprint)
Authors: Anietie Andy Anietie , Tonge Natasha , Michaels Praise-EL , Hernandez Ortiz Jesus Manuel , Kalejaiye Oluwadara , Fawole Oluwajuwon , Adhikari Bishesh , Adeyemi Morayooluwa , Smith Deontae , Doku Ronald , Burge Legand , Andy Anietie
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Anxiety complaints have been on the rise since COVID-19 but with little change in the number of providers available, it is difficult to conduct anxiety screening efficiently. To seek relief, advice, or community, people often turn to using social media. Because these social media posts often detail anxiety concerns, they may be a source of information to understand anxiety-related mental health needs.

OBJECTIVE

On social media individuals experiencing health and wellbeing concerns, such as anxiety, publish support-seeking posts. Prior work determined that on social media individuals who express feeling lonely seek different types of support that further varies by age group and individuals who seek support on online loneliness forums also seek loneliness-related support (around the same time period) in general and depression forums. Anxiety concerns may or may not follow a similar pattern of cross-posting that varies by age.

METHODS

The dataset used in this work consists of posts published on online anxiety and general (focused on asking general questions) forums, respectively by individuals belonging to different age groups. Using these datasets, we conduct analyses in which we use a large language model to extract the anxiety related concerns expressed in posts published on the online anxiety-related forum and the online general forum, respectively. We then conduct analyses to determine if the anxiety-related concerns expressed in posts published on the online anxiety forum and general forum varied significantly by age group.

RESULTS

The findings from this work demonstrates that anxiety concerns – identified using a large language model, vary across types of forums and by age. Our results show that users between the ages of 18 and 24 years old express the following anxiety concerns more than chance: academic/work stress”, ”family issues”, ”financial problems ","health ","self image or physical appearance”, and ”social interaction. Users between the ages of 25 and 34 did not express the anxiety concern: “academic or work concerns” more frequently by chance, but were more likely to express all the other anxiety concerns that the 18 to 24 year old users expressed. While there were fewer users belonging to the age group 35 – 65, users in this age group tended to publish more posts in the general forum.

CONCLUSIONS

Using a large language model, the anxiety concerns expressed in posts published on an online anxiety and general forum, respectively and how these anxiety concerns may vary across age groups was studied. The results from this work can inform the development of novel screening measures for anxiety concerns.
Engaging stakeholders with professional or lived experience to improve firearm violence NLP lexicon (Preprint)
Authors: Cook Nicole , Biel Frances M. , Bet Kerry Ann , Sills Marion R. , Al Bataineh Ali , Rivera Pedro , Templeton Anna Rose , Cartwright Natalie
Published: October 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Framing the public health burden of firearm violence should include people with secondary exposure to firearm violence beyond acute bodily injury, yet such data is limited. Electronic Health Record (EHR) clinical notes leveraged through National Language Processing (NLP) is a potential data source on firearm exposure. As part of NLP lexicon development, diverse stakeholders were engaged to identify keywords. Findings demonstrated that engaging diverse stakeholders adds valuable input that will support NLP development and model performance.
Application of deep learning for rice leaf disease detection in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Ngo Duc Luu , Le Thi Thuy Diem , Ha Thi Phuong Anh
Published: October 2024

The Mekong River Delta, the largest rice-producing region in Vietnam with an annual output of over 25 million tons, plays a vital role in ensuring food security both within the country and globally. In recent years, it has undergone significant transformation in rice cultivation, which aims to support farmers here to plant rice more effectively. However, severe weather conditions and soil degradation have negatively impacted rice growth. Additionally, rice is highly susceptible to various diseases that must be identified and prevented promptly. As a result, leveraging technology such as AI and deep learning to diagnose rice diseases based on leaf symptoms is essential. This paper utilizes an image dataset of three common rice leaf diseases—leaf smut, brown spot, and bacterial leaf blight—and applies deep learning networks (MobileNet and ResNet) to evaluate and select the best model. A diagnostic program is then developed to detect these diseases. Experimental results show that the MobileNetV3-Small model (a variant of the MobileNet network) is the most optimal, offering fast training time, high accuracy, and acceptable levels of loss and error.
Students' performance prediction employing Decision Tree
Authors: Ahmed Abtahi , Nipa Farzana Akter , Bhuyian Wasi Uddin , Mushfique Khaled Md , Shahin Kamrul Islam , Nguyen Huu-Hoa , Farid Dewan Md.
Published: October 2024

An optimized educational community is a must in this modern era. The intersection of educational activities and the transformative potentials of Educational Data Mining (EDM) should be traversed, highlighting the reasoning behind the importance of EDM. Prior prediction of how a student stands academically, can facilitate them towards a much safer approach with their life decisions. This study uses the vast power and analytical domain of EDM, combining it with machine learning models, upholding an accurate prediction of students' academic performance. The study consists of a dataset containing academic, demographic and social data of undergraduate students. The paper aims to analyze comprehensively the features that act behind academic performance. Lastly, it compares the impact of non-academic data separately on a student's performance and with academic data as well. Traditional machine learning algorithms perform quite well in general, with SVM giving a best accuracy of around 95% with academic data, while training and testing the model without academic data still gives a good performance of 93%. The hierarchical tree from Decision Tree visualizes the key features, which include past results, family members' qualification levels and their jobs, hobbies of the student, commute time, and more.
Fine-tuned PhoBERT for sentiment analysis of Vietnamese phone reviews
Authors: Ngo Tan Minh , Ngo Ba Hung , Valerievich Stuchilin Vladimir
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an exploration of sentiment analysis applied to Vietnamese phone reviews, leveraging the PhoBERT model. While significant advancements have been made in sentiment analysis for English and other widely spoken languages, Vietnamese remains relatively under investigated. Our study addresses this gap by constructing a comprehensive dataset that integrates data from the UIT-ViSFD dataset and data collected through web scraping. We experimented with various models including naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, and PhoBERT, utilizing multiple data preprocessing techniques. PhoBERT, a state-of-the-art pre-trained language model specifically designed for Vietnamese, demonstrated superior performance. The final PhoBERT model with optimized preprocessing achieved an accuracy of 92.74%, highlighting its efficacy in accurately identifying sentiments.
Analisis Perpindahan Panas Terhadap Penurunan Suhu Air Panas Pada Gelas Dengan Material Yang Berbeda
Authors: Ilman Nadif Filsafah  , Wilarso Wilarso , Asep Saepudin  , Asep Dharmanto
Published: October 2024

Ketika mendiamkan air panas pada gelas kemudian mengalami perubahan suhu dari awalnya panas lalu beberapa jam atau sejam kemudian suhu tersebut akan dingin, perpindahan panas tersebut dikarenakan adanya perbedaan suhu yang terdapat pada material. Perpindahan panas berlangsung melalui dari tiga cara yaitu ada konduksi yang disebut hantaran, konveksi yang disebut aliran, dan radiasi yang disebut pancaran. Tujuan pada penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui laju penurunan suhu air panas pada gelas dengan material gelas yang berbeda diantaranya pada material kaca, plastik, keramik dan aluminium. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu adalah menggunakan metode eksperimen yang menyiapkan gelas dengan material kaca, plastik, keramik dan aluminium. Kemudian mengisi gelas dengan air panas secara bersamaan dengan ukuran air sebanyak 180 ml. kemudian dicatat perubahan suhunya yang diukur dengan termometer digital setiap 5 menit sekali. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat diketahui bahwa setiap bahan memiliki penurunan suhu yang berbeda, dikarenakan adanya konduktivitas termal pada material gelas kaca, plastik, keramik, dan aluminium. perbedaan penurunan suhu pada masing-masing material berkisar 2-3℃. Ketika suhu pada gelas mendekati suhu ruangan laju penurunan suhunya melambat. Penurunan suhu gelas kaca lebih cepat dibandingkan pada gelas plastik yang lebih lambat. Dan pada gelas keramik, penurunan suhunya lebih lambat dibandingkan pada gelas, aluminium yang suhunya turun lebih cepat. Material dengan konduktivitas yang tinggi memiliki penurunan laju suhunya lebih lambat dari material dengan konduktivitas yang rendah namun penurunan suhunya lebih cepat
Kajian Pengaruh Pack Carburizing Dengan Sumber Karbon Arang Bambu Terhadap Kekerasan dan Ketangguhan Impak Baja AISI 1040
Authors: Chiesa Alesandro , Mahjoedin Yovial , Marthiana Wenny , Ghifari
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penambahan unsur karbon memakai arang bambu sebagai bahan karbon terhadap kekerasan dan nilai impak material baja AISI 1040 melalui pack carburizing. Pada penelitian terdapat 4 kelompok spesimen uji, yaitu raw material, material dengan perlakuan pack carburizing pada temperatur 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C. Hasil pengujian kekerasan menunjukkan meningkatnya kekerasan bahan seiring peningkatan temperatur carburizing dengan kenaikan sebesar 67,32% dari raw material. Kekerasan tertiPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penambahan unsur karbon memakai arang bambu sebagai bahan karbon terhadap kekerasan dan nilai impak material baja AISI 1040 melalui pack carburizing. Pada penelitian terdapat 4 kelompok spesimen uji, yaitu raw material, material dengan perlakuan pack carburizing pada temperatur 800°C, 900°C, 1000°C. Hasil pengujian kekerasan menunjukkan meningkatnya kekerasan bahan seiring peningkatan temperatur carburizing dengan kenaikan sebesar 67,32% dari raw material. Kekerasan tertinggi 50,53 HRA dijumpai pada spesimen carburizing dengan suhu 1000 ºC, dan nilai kekerasan terendah pada bahan tanpa treatment (raw material) dengan nilai 30,2 HRA. Hal ini menandakan meningkatnya  unsur karbon pada bagian permukaan spesimen. Hal yang sama ditunjukkan pada pengujian impak yaitu meningkatnya energi impak seiring meningkatnya suhu treatment. Raw material  memiliki energi impak 93,13 Joule, sementara energi impak, berturut-turut, pada suhu 800°C sebesar 260,44 J, 900°C sebesar 279,99 J, dan 1000°C sebesar 165,91 J. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ketangguhan spesimen menurun pada suhu carburizing tinggi seiring dengan meningkatnya kekerasan bahannggi 50,53 HRA dijumpai pada spesimen carburizing dengan suhu 1000 ºC, dan nilai kekerasan terendah pada bahan tanpa treatment (raw material) dengan nilai 30,2 HRA. Hal ini menandakan meningkatnya  unsur karbon pada bagian permukaan spesimen. Hal yang sama ditunjukkan pada pengujian impak yaitu meningkatnya energi impak seiring meningkatnya suhu treatment. Raw material  memiliki energi impak 93,13 Joule, sementara energi impak, berturut-turut, pada suhu 800°C sebesar 260,44 J, 900°C sebesar 279,99 J, dan 1000°C sebesar 165,91 J. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ketangguhan spesimen menurun pada suhu carburizing tinggi seiring dengan meningkatnya kekerasan bahan
Pengaruh Temperatur Terhadap Shrinkage Hasil Cetakan Model Cup pada Proses Injection Molding
Authors: Andriansyah Septian , Daryus Asyari , Ardi Wiradinata Trisna , Susanto Herry , Sugiyanto Didik
Published: October 2024

Injeksi plastik merupakan proses pembentukan produk dari material plastik dengan variasi bentuk dan ukuran. Hasil injeksi plastik harus memenuhi tuntutan antara lain, bentuk ukuran dan tampilan yang baik atau tidak boleh ada cacat pada permukaan misalnya shinkmark, air trap danpermukaan yang tidak halus. Material plastik yang digunakan antara lain polypropylene, polysterene, plastik campuran. Proses pembentukan produk plastik membutuhkan variasi parameter suhu pemanas, pendinginan, waktu tahan dan kecepatan injeksi. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen berupa variasi suhu 270°C, 300°C dan 330°C yang diberikan pada tiga kali percobaan disetiap suhunya. Setelah dilakukan penelitian didapatkan hasil nilai shrinkage panjang dan shrinkage diameter pada mesin injeksi molding. Nilai dari hasil pengujian variasi suhu bersifat fluktuaktif dengan nilai shrinkage ketebalan terbesar 1,3 mm, nilai shrinkage tinggi 3,7 mm. Setelah dilakukan pengujian semakin besar suhu maka semakin besar nilai shrinkage
Analisis Variasi Waktu Tekan Terhadap Sambungan Pengelasan Rotary Friction Welding Menggunakan SEM EDX
Authors: Al Farizi Salman , Agus Fikri  , Mujirudin Mohammad , Avorizano Arry
Published: October 2024

Rotary friction welding adalah teknik pengelasan yang memanfaatkan panas yang dihasilkan dari gesekan. Prosesnya melibatkan dua logam yang dipertemukan pada ujung-ujungnya, kemudian kedua permukaan ditekan menggunakan gaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh waktu tekan terhadap pembentukan senyawa intermetalik antara aluminium dan tembaga. Waktu tekan pada penyambungan aluminium dan tembaga ditetapkan sebesar 60, 120, dan 180 detik. Selanjutnya untuk mengidentifikasi distribusi dan konsentrasi senyawa intermetalik yang terbentuk pada masing-masing waktu tekan tersebut digunakan SEM-EDX. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa morfologi dan komposisi zona sambungan sangat dipengaruhi oleh waktu tekan. Tembaga berdifusi ke dalam aluminium pada waktu tekan yang lebih singkat yaitu 60 detik, menciptakan lapisan intermetalik tipis dan rata. Sebaliknya dengan waktu tekan yang lebih lama 120 dan 180 detik, maka konsentrasi tembaga di zona sambungan cenderung turun karena mekanisme self cleaning dan redistribusi material, yang menghasilkan lapisan intermetalik yang lebih tebal tetapi dengan distribusi yang tidak  merata.
 
Rotary friction welding is a welding technique that utilizes heat generated from friction. The process involves two metals that are brought together at their ends, then both surfaces are pressed using force. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of pressing time on the formation of intermetallic compounds between aluminum and copper. The pressing time for joining aluminum and copper was set at 60, 120, and 180 seconds. Furthermore, SEM-EDX was used to identify the distribution and concentration of intermetallic compounds formed at each pressing time. The results showed that the morphology and composition of the joint zone were greatly influenced by the pressing time. Copper diffused into aluminum at a shorter pressing time of 60 seconds, creating a thin and even intermetallic layer. In contrast, with a longer pressing time of 120 and 180 seconds, the copper concentration in the joint zone tended to decrease due to the self-cleaning mechanism and material redistribution, which resulted in a thicker intermetallic layer but with an uneven distribution
Pengaruh Pendinginan terhadap Daya Keluaran dan Efisiensi Sistem Panel Surya
Authors: Efendi M Shofriyan , Rifky Rifky , Nofendri Yos , Rohman Nur
Published: October 2024

Salah satu aplikasi energi terbarukan yang memanfaatkan energi matahari adalah panel surya atau sistem fotovoltaik. Kinerja sistem fotovoltaik dipengaruhi oleh besarnya intensitas cahaya matahari dan temperatur permukaan panel surya itu sendiri. Penelitian ini mencoba mengatasi masalah temperatur tersebut dengan membuat sistem pendingin yang dirangkai pada bagian bawah panel surya. Tujuan penelitian yang ingin dicapai adalah untuk mendapatkan daya keluaran dan efisiensi sistem fotovoltaik yang maksimal dengan memasang sistem pendingin. Sistem fotovoltaik diekspos ke arah utara sepanjang hari. Sistem fotovoltaik tanpa menggunakan sistem pendingin dan yang menggunakan sistem pendingin dioperasikan dengan waktu pengukuran parameter yang sama. Parameter yang diukur adalah intensitas cahaya, kecepatan angin, debit air, temperatur lingkungan, temperatur panel surya, temperatur pendingin, tegangan listrik dan arus listrik. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya keluaran (P_out) tanpa sistem pendingin sebesar 44,439 watt dan daya keluaran (P_out) dengan sistem pendingin sebesar 49,181 watt. Efisiensi sel surya tanpa sistem pendingin sebesar 13,541% dan sel surya dengan sistem pendingin sebesar 14,162%. . Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa sistem pendingin dapat meningkatkan kinerja sel surya.
 
One of the applications of renewable energy that utilizes solar energy is solar panels or photovoltaic systems. The performance of the photovoltaic system is influenced by the amount of sunlight intensity and the surface temperature of the solar panel itself. This research tries to solve the temperature problem by making a cooling system that is strung at the bottom of the solar panel. The research objectives to be achieved are to obtain the maximum output power and efficiency of the photovoltaic system by installing a cooling system. The photovoltaic system is exposed north throughout the day. Photovoltaic systems without the use of cooling systems and those using a cooling system are operated with the same parameter measurement time. The parameters measured are light intensity, wind speed, water discharge, environmental temperature, solar panel temperature, cooling temperature, electric voltage and electric current. The results of the research show that the output power (P_out) without a cooling system of 44.439 watts and an output power (P_out) with a cooling system of 49.181 watts. The efficiency of solar cells without a cooling system was 13,541% and a solar cell with a cooling system was 14,162%. . This shows that the cooling system can improve the performance of solar cells.
The influence of the granulometric composition of powders of steels and precision alloys and their melting modes by LPBF ON porosity
Authors: Zhukov A. S. , Kuznetsov P. A.
Published: October 2024

The results of the experimental study of powder materials of various brands and classes (stainless steel, precision soft and hard magnetic alloys) are presented, the influence of their parameters (particles, fracture, fluidity, bulk density) on the properties of finite additive samples is evaluated. The impact of melting parameters on the porosity of additive samples has been studied.
Influence of thermal treatment of niobium substrate on thermal stability of palladium protective-catalytic coating
Authors: Kuzenov S. R. , Busnyuk A. O. , Alimov V. N. , Livshits A. I. , Peredistov E. Yu.
Published: October 2024

The influence of recrystallization annealing of niobium substrate on the thermal stability of palladium protective-catalytic coating has been studied. So, it was found that the coating on recrystallized substrate has higher thermal stability compared to the coating on cold-rolled substrate. The obtained results allow us to solve the problem of limited thermal stability of palladium protective-catalytic coating for composite membranes made of Group 5 metal under the conditions of their operation.
Radiation and thermal embrittlement of RPV steels: the links of embrittlement mechanisms, fracture modes and microcrack nucleation and propagation. Part 2. Strength and plasticity properties
Authors: Margolin B. Z. , Fomenko V. N. , Shvetsova V. A. , Yurchenko E. V.
Published: October 2024

The uniaxial tension test results are represented over wide temperature range for smooth round bars of 2Cr–Ni–Mo–V steel and A533 steel used for RPVs of WWER and PWR types. These steels are studied in the following states: (1) the initial (as-produced) state; (2) the thermally embrittled state modelling hardening mechanism of embrittlement; (3) the thermally embrittled state modelling non-hardening mechanism of embrittlement; (4) the irradiated state. The true stress-strain curves are determined over wide temperature range that is required for calculation of the stress-and-strain fields for various specimens. The true stress-strain curves for the investigated steels in the initial and thermally embrittled states are obtained when using standard mechanical characteristics. For the irradiated steels the true stress-strain curves are obtained when using the data of the digital video recording under continuous in-testing monitoring of the cylindrical parts of tensile bars. For the irradiated materials the procedure based on standard characteristics cannot be used as it is connected with very small strain. The procedure based on the digital video recording data is verified by comparison of the stress-strain curves obtained for the initial and thermally embrittled states on the basis of the digital video recording data and standard characteristics.
Comparative analysis of technological properties and microstructure of titanium powders of different classes of alloys
Authors: Leonov V. P. , Malinkina Yu. Yu. , Drugachuk S. D. , Khachaturyan I. M. , Chudakov E. V.
Published: October 2024

The results of a study of the technological properties of titanium powders of pseudo-α and pseudo-β alloys are presented. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of powder materials obtained by centrifugal spraying has been carried out. The results of the granulometric composition of the powders were obtained, and the calculation of the spatial packing of particles was applied within the framework of the hard sphere model for various fractional compositions. To compare the microstructure and mechanical properties, test samples from pseudo-α and pseudo-β titanium alloys were obtained using the hot isostatic pressing method according to selected modes.
Diagnostic Challenges of Alzheimer’s Disease in Clinical Practice
Authors:   ​​​​​​​Rīga Stradiņš University, Priede Zanda , Strautmane Sintija
Published: October 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Together with other dementias, it is the 7th leading cause of death worldwide. AD is a chronic, neurodegenerative disorder, usually affecting people after the age of 65. There are no pathognomonic signs, furthermore, the beginning of AD is very insidious. Most frequently, AD starts with memory impairment, speech difficulties, difficulties to orientate oneself in space, changes in patient’s behaviour and personality, which result in patient becoming bedridden. Diagnostics is still challenging, however, with development of technologies, there is a hope to diagnose the disorder as soon as possible to provide optimal quality of life for the patient.
Sensitive Memory Work in Finland
Authors:   The Alzheimer Society of Finland, Claes Sven , Mitchell Ida , Jaakson Siiri , Palosaari Ann-Ly ,   The Finnish Centre for Cultural Diversity and Memory
Published: October 2024

This part of the monograph explores sensitive memory work for minority ethnic groups in Finland. The Finnish social and healthcare system emphasizes the rights of individuals with dementia to dignified care. Still, assessing individuals with different linguistic backgrounds poses significant hurdles, such as delayed diagnoses and cultural taboos surrounding dementia. The Alzheimer Society of Finland and the Finnish Centre for Cultural Diversity and Memory MUKES elaborate the initiatives for supporting linguistic and cultural diversity in memory care. Their projects, the Memory Guide Project and the Jututtaja Project, strive to empower ethnic minorities by training volunteers as memory guides and phone companions, respectively. The importance of cultural competence and flexibility is highlighted. Continued development, training, and collaboration is needed to enhance societal understanding of the diverse aging population in Finland.
Aspekte des Gesundheitswesens in Lehrbüchern für Deutsch als Fremdsprache
Authors:   University of Latvia, Blumberga Ieva
Published: October 2024

Today, more and more people, including medical professionals, want to learn German. The desire of medical professionals and students is often linked to future career plans in Germany, Austria or Switzerland. This chapter briefly addresses the question whether the textbooks widely used in DaF (German as a foreign language) and DaZ (German as a second language) teaching adequately deal with a topic of interest to this group of interviewees and to society as a whole: health and healthcare. The analysis of the textbooks shows that the topic of health, which is important today, is not developed and is currently dealt with in an oblique way. Given the changes in the structure of society, in the practices of everyday life and in the priorities of values, it can be concluded that the thematic focus also needs to be updated in German textbooks, with a greater focus on the topics that are relevant to the interests of society and German language learners.
Alcheimera slimības diagnostikas izaicinājumi klīniskajā praksē
Authors:   Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, Priede Zanda , Strautmane Sintija
Published: October 2024

Alcheimera slimība ir visbiežāk sastopamā demences forma, kas kopā ar citām demencēm ir septītais galvenais nāves cēlonis pasaulē. Tā ir hroniska, neirodeģeneratīva saslimšana, kas parasti sākas pēc 65 gadu vecuma. Tai nav patognomu simptomu, turklāt slimība attīstās lēni, vairāku gadu garumā. Visbiežāk sākotnēji rodas atmiņas traucējumi, parādās grūtības izteikties, traucēta vizuāli telpiskā izjūta, mainās cilvēka uzvedība un personība, līdz saslimušais kļūst pilnībā aprūpējams. Diagnostika ir izaicinoša, tomēr, attīstoties mūsdienu tehnoloģijām, ir cerības slimību diagnosticēt iespējami agrīnā stadijā, lai nodrošinātu pacientam optimālu dzīves kvalitāti.
SIMULADORES LÚDICOS ENVOLVENDO DISTRIBUIÇÃO ELETRÔNICA: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
Authors: Luz Carlos Augusto , Trevisan André Luis , Almeida Milene Graciele de
Published: October 2024

Na busca por novas estratégias de ensino na disciplina de Química, as atividades lúdicas mostram-se como uma alternativa que pode contribuir com a motivação do aluno em busca da conscientização da importância de se estudar esta disciplina, o que representa uma quebra de paradigma com o ensino tradicional. Para que o ensino do diagrama de distribuição eletrônica, foco de interesse deste artigo, seja acessível aos estudantes, podem ser utilizadas simulações. Assim, este texto relata uma experiência em sala de aula de Química, em que foram construídos dois simuladores manuais em MDF, os quais foram utilizados dentro do planejamento de ensino do colégio com o objetivo de proporcionar a aprendizagem a partir do lúdico, abordando conceitos específicos da distribuição eletrônica. Em especial, descrevemos o desenvolvimento de uma oficina, que ocorreu em cinco encontros, como proposta à exploração do conceito de distribuição eletrônica em turmas do 1º ano do Ensino Médio. Essa proposta parece ter oportunizado aos estudantes a criação de estratégias, e colaborou com a formação do pensamento crítico. De uma maneira geral, a oficina realizada com atividades lúdicas parece ter sido promissora e contribuiu com as aulas de Química, pois ampliou conhecimentos e contribuiu com a aprendizagem da maioria dos alunos, além da motivação no estudo da disciplina.
AUTOMATED LEAK AND WATER QUALITY DETECTION SYSTEM FOR PIPED WATER SUPPLY
Authors: Atojunere Eganoosi Esme , Amiegbe Godspower Elvis
Published: October 2024

The volume of water loss because of leakage in the conveyance pipe has been alarming. Old and poorly constructed pipelines, inadequate corrosion protection, poorly maintained valves, and mechanical damage contribute to leakage. Water-carrying pipes were buried underground, so tracing leak points manually could be tasking, if not impossible. This work was to report on the effectiveness of a developed Automated Leak and Water Quality Detection (ALWQD) system. This device can detect leaks in the piped water system automatically and can also report any deterioration in the quality of water that flows through affected pipes. The ALWQD consisted of several drainpipe connections, pipe accessories, electronic components, and sensors to monitor water quality impairment. The control signal was the solenoid valves that interfaced with the ESP-32 microcontroller boards placed on the pipe manifold at intervals, along with water quality monitoring sensors of turbidity, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and pH. The fabrication and testing of the device followed standard procedures. Testing of ALWQD was done at 0, 5, and 10 minutes under load and no-load conditions, with average variation in reading recorded after three trials. The findings indicated that the efficiency of ALWQD was between 70% and 80%, which could be improved upon. The trend in the results of the monitored parameters was not different from that of similar previous work. Leaks caused pressure drops and disallowed the full flow of water found at pipe joints, which could be a pathway for the intrusion of contaminants into the water conveyance system.
DETERMINATION RISK OF BREMSSTRAHLUNG RADIATION PRODUCED BY BETA-RAY
Authors: Jarallah Naz
Published: October 2024

When interacting with absorption materials, beta rays, which are emitted by isotopes, are harmful because bremsstrahlung (braking) radiation is produced. Therefore, the efficiency of a shielding material can be improved by considering the bremsstrahlung radiation generated by the material’s beta ray absorption. In this study, to determine the risk of bremsstrahlung radiation produced by beta rays, the fractions of beta energy transformed into bremsstrahlung radiation were calculated for beta emitters in the energy ranges of 0.0026–0.1734, 0.205–0.694, and 0.9345–2.640 MeV, using five different absorption materials (13Al, 26Fe, 48Cd, 74W, and 82Pb). The relationship between the fractions of beta energy transformed into bremsstrahlung radiation by the five shielding materials and the maximum energies of some beta emitters was studied to determine the most suitable beta-ray shielding materials to effectively minimize bremsstrahlung radiation. The results showed that the fractions of beta energy transformed into bremsstrahlung radiation increased as the beta energy and the atomic number of the shielding material increased. The fraction of beta energy transformed into bremsstrahlung radiation in 13Al ˂ 26Fe ˂ 48Cd ˂ 74W ˂ 82Pb.Therefore, beta ray shields should be made with low atomic number materials to reduce the generation of bremsstrahlung radiation. Practically, beta shields made from materials with atomic numbers greater than 13 are rarely employed; notably, aluminum successfully decreased the production of bremsstrahlung radiation. However, it is also necessary to use materials with medium and high atomic numbers as secondary beta shields to reduce the effect of the bremsstrahlung radiation photons formed by the interaction between beta rays and shielding materials.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF PREDNISOLONE IN DIFFERENT DOSAGE FORMS
Authors: Luaibi Hasan M. , S. Al-Janabi Khalid Waleed , Mahmood Ali Khalil , Dheyab Sallal Takleef , Gaaz Tayser Sumer
Published: October 2024

A sensitive, accurate, and affordable colorimetric method was developed for assaying prednisolone (PRZ) in various medicinal forms. The procedure involves the oxidation of PRZ by ferric ions, followed by complexation of the resulting ferrous ions with ferricyanide to produce a greenish-blue product. Common complexation conditions were thoroughly investigated. The mole ratio of FeCl₃·6H₂O to K₃Fe(CN)₆ was 8:1. The proposed mechanism of complexation was suggested and considered. Various parameters were optimized, including the reduction of the colorimetric reaction temperature to 50°C and the duration of heating and analysis to 20-30 minutes. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 1-60 µg/mL. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.5 μg/mL and 1 μg/mL, respectively. Spiking actual samples with standard PRZ showed recoveries within the 97.3-100.1% range. The method exhibited high precision, with an RSD% of less than 1.5%. Additionally, the study confirmed that common pharmaceutical excipients did not interfere. Real medicinal samples, including tablets, syrup, eye drops, and creams, were successfully examined for direct analysis of PRZ using the developed methodology, demonstrating its suitability for routine analysis of various PRZ-containing drug formulations.
ANTHONY BRAXTON'S TRICENTRIC THOUGHT UNIT CONSTRUCT AND POST WAR WESTERN ART MUSIC
Authors: Kobe Van Cauwenberghe
Published: October 2024

The perception of the canon of post-war Western art music today is still strongly determined by a constructed dichotomy which keeps Western art music separate from evolutions and radical experiments in jazz and African-American music. The very extensive oeuvre and philosophical body of thought of the American composer Anthony Braxton, what he calls his Tri-Centric Thought Unit Construct (TCTUC), can be seen as the metaphorical elephant in the room. This unique oeuvre has been largely ignored to this day within the repertoire, discourse and performance practice associated with the canon of post-war Western art music. This research project takes Anthony Braxton's TCTUC as a starting point to see how I, as an interpreter of Braxton’s music, can contribute to a broadening of this canon.

My intention with this research is to provide artistic responses to the gaps within the existing discourse on post-war Western art music (see Braxton, Lewis, Piekut, Born, a.o.) by approaching a wide selection of Braxton’s compositions on his own terms. By putting these works as specific case studies on the agenda of relevant actors such as the conservatory, contemporary music festivals and concert series and through recordings and other media, I aimed to make a canon broadening possible through my practice as an interpreter. The results of this research, presented in the form of concerts, lectures, articles, workshops and recordings, are collected in this Research Catalogue website.