bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing the reverse supply chain: the impact of the product residual value
Authors: Gobbi Chiara
Published: September 2011

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of the product residual value (PRV) and the loss of value over time of returned products in the reverse supply chain configuration. It also examines whether or not the distinction of Fisher's functional and innovative products holds for the reverse supply chain.

Design/methodology/approach

In order to identify the relevance of the Fisher model, the model needs to be recast in terms of PRV, which, in this context, is considered the independent variable in the reverse logistics arena. Products defined as innovative in Fisher's taxonomy correspond to disposed products with high residual value, whereas functional products correspond to disposed products with low residual value. Furthermore, the PRV and the speed at which returned products lose their value are considered in order to determine the configuration of the reverse supply chain that allows for recapturing most of the PRV. These notions have then been tested by analyzing two reverse supply chains with a case study research methodology.

Findings

The findings show that low PRV is associated with second‐class recovery options (recycling and energy recovery) and that high PRV is associated with first‐class recovery options (reconditioning and remarketing). When the recovery option is recycling, time is not relevant, the primary objective is cost reduction (efficiency), the chain is centralized, and actors and phases of the reverse chain are determined by the specificity of the recycling process. When the recovery option is reconditioning, time is primarily relevant, tradeoffs between costs and time efficiency are necessary, the chain presents a centralized structure, and the presence of other types of actors and phases influences the structure of the reverse supply chain.

Research limitations/implications

The focus is restricted to the industry of electrical and electronic products.

Practical implications

Based on the outcome of the study, managers are able to determine the basic prerequisites for the design of their reverse supply chains.

Originality/value

Previous literature suggests that when the PRV is high, early product differentiation is necessary, and the chain is therefore decentralized. The paper demonstrates that this is not confirmed in the case of low returned volumes and high reconditioning quality standards.
A cybernetic analysis of a university‐wide curriculum innovation
Authors: Millwood Richard , Powell Stephen
Published: September 2011

Purpose

This paper seeks to describe and analyse an approach to course design as part of a strategic, technology‐inspired, cross‐university intervention to widen participation. A curriculum framework was developed for students who wished to make their work the focus of their study and could not readily access current university provision. A deliberate assumption was made that this would require a technologically inspired response to teaching, learning and assessment.

Design/methodology/approach

The approach taken was one of action research, by planning the curriculum framework, validating a course, delivery and review through interviews. Cybernetics was applied post‐hoc to analyse the data generated.

Findings

Staff found the framework a useful source of inspiration and critique for current practices, although established practice and preconceptions could render the framework meaningless. The ideas in the framework are not enough to change the institution – authoritative sanction may be needed. The cybernetic concepts of variety and its absorption proved useful in analysing the framework, and highlighted weaknesses in the design of the framework regarding the organisation of teaching.

Research limitations/implications

Clarity about strategic purpose when making a change intervention is vital – in this instance raising the level of critical debate was more successful than recruitment. The establishment of an independent unit may be a more successful strategy than embedding university‐wide. Further work is required to understand how to market novel approaches. The action research shows that the university has the capability to develop curriculum designs that offer new groups of students access to higher education while improving their work practice.

Originality/value

The findings from interview confirm the value that peers attach to this development. Although the pedagogical design in this action research is based on previous work, the cybernetic analysis and conclusions are new.
Service‐oriented architecture and curriculum transformation at Manchester Metropolitan University
Authors: Stubbs Mark , Range Phil
Published: September 2011

Purpose

The need to establish more flexible and adaptable university curricula has been recognised as a strategic priority in recent years and has been supported by a number of initiatives including the Curriculum Design and Delivery programme funded by the Joint Information System Committee (JISC) in the UK. The challenges of addressing flexibility of curriculum design are both technical and pedagogical. Manchester Metropolitan University has been developing an integrated, institution‐wide virtual learning environment (VLE) since 2006 and this paper seeks to consider the impact of this system.

Design/methodology/approach

A case study is used to illustrate how one institution has developed and integrated a curriculum design system.

Findings

By adopting a streamlined technology strategy the university can provide learners with personalized and flexible access to the university's resources from the range of different devices and contexts (whether mobile, VLE, or social software) in which learners may find themselves as they engage with their education.

Originality/value

A need to establish more flexible and adaptable university curricula is a strategic priority for academic institutions. This case study provides an insight into how one institution is achieving this.
Efficacy and safety of infliximab vs. methotrexate in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis: results of an open-label, active-controlled, randomized trial (RESTORE1)
Authors: Barker J. , Hoffmann M. , Wozel G. , Ortonne J.-P. , Zheng H. , van Hoogstraten H. , Reich K.
Published: September 2011

Background Infliximab is indicated for treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in adults whose disease cannot be controlled with other systemic therapies, including methotrexate (MTX). To date, no studies have directly compared the efficacy and safety of infliximab and MTX.

Objectives To compare the efficacy and safety of infliximab vs. MTX in adults with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Methods MTX-naïve patients (n =868) were randomized 3 : 1 to receive infliximab 5 mg kg−1 at weeks 0, 2, 6, 14 and 22 or MTX 15 mg weekly with a dose increase to 20 mg weekly at week 6 if the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) response was < 25%. At week 16, patients with < PASI 50 response could switch treatment groups. The primary efficacy endpoint was PASI 75 response at week 16. Major secondary efficacy endpoints were PASI 75 response at week 26, and the proportion of patients achieving a Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) score of cleared (0) or minimal (1) at weeks 16 and 26. Others included Dermatology Life Quality Index, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, and PGA, PASI 50, PASI 75 and PASI 90 responses over time.

Results The primary endpoint was achieved by a significantly greater proportion of infliximab-treated patients (508/653, 78%) than MTX-treated patients (90/215, 42%; P <0·001). Key secondary endpoints also were achieved by a greater proportion of infliximab-treated patients. Similar responses were observed at week 26 in patients who switched from MTX to infliximab at week 16. Overall adverse event (AE) incidence was comparable between groups, but incidence of serious and severe AEs was slightly higher in the infliximab group.

Conclusions Infliximab was well tolerated and more efficacious than MTX in patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Infliximab also was efficacious in patients who failed MTX and switched to infliximab.
High marine survival rates of sea‐ranched Atlantic salmon smolts (Salmo salar) that had previously matured as male parr
Authors: SKILBREI O. T. , HOLM M.
Published: September 2011

Abstract  The growth and recapture rates of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., smolts that had previously matured as parr were compared with those of immature siblings in a sea‐ranching experiment in western Norway. The smolts were the offspring of three river populations. They were individually tagged, transferred to cages in a small bay where estuarine salinity gradients had been established and released on four dates from mid‐May to early June after either 3 or 7 days of acclimatisation. The previously mature male parr (PMMP) were smaller than their siblings before release, but performed much better during their time in the sea. As grilse, they reached sizes comparable with the formerly immature fish, and their recapture rate was more than four times higher (8.6 vs 2.1%). This difference decreased somewhat during the following years because 0.85% of the immature fish and only 0.1% of PMMP were recaptured as multi‐sea‐winter salmon. The highly successful marine performance of the PMMP demonstrated that this life history strategy may be more flexible than previously believed.
Usability problem identification in culturally diverse settings
Authors: Clemmensen Torkil
Published: September 2011

There are indications that established methods for evaluating information system usability that have been developed for use in, e.g. Europe or the USA, fail to give reliable results in countries such as India, China or Malaysia. This paper presents the theoretical background, related work and a definition of culture that should be useful for studies of multiple‐country usability testing. This includes a discussion of cultural fit and the consequences of cultural (in)consistencies between stakeholders in system development and use. As an illustrative example of the kind of academic research that needs to be done, a pilot study is described. The pilot study exemplifies themes to explore, who should be participants and where should the study be done, how to find examples of multiple‐country usability testing, how to collect data and how to analyse that data and what kind of results and discussion of results that may be expected. The conclusion summarises the paper, discusses the limitations of the pilot study and gives detailed suggestions to future research.
Prolixicin: a novel antimicrobial peptide isolated from Rhodnius prolixus with differential activity against bacteria and Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Ursic‐Bedoya R. , Buchhop J. , Joy J. B. , Durvasula R. , Lowenberger C.
Published: September 2011

We identified and characterized the activity of prolixicin, a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP) isolated from the hemipteran insect, Rhodnius prolixus. Sequence analysis reveals one region of prolixicin that may be related to the diptericin/attacin family of AMPs. Prolixicin is an 11‐kDa peptide containing a putative 21 amino acid signal peptide, two putative phosphorylation sites and no glycosylation sites. It is produced by both adult fat body and midgut tissues in response to bacterial infection of the haemolymph or the midgut. Unlike most insect antibacterial peptides, the prolixicin gene does not seem to be regulated by NF‐κB binding sites, but its promoter region contains several GATA sites. Recombinant prolixicin has strong activity against the Gram‐negative bacterium Escherichia coli and differential activity against several Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria. No significant toxicity was demonstrated against Trypanosoma cruzi, the human parasite transmitted by R. prolixus.
Whither Nursing Models? The value of nursing theory in the context of evidence‐based practice and multidisciplinary health care
Authors: McCrae Niall
Published: September 2011

mccrae n. (2012) Whither Nursing Models? The value of nursing theory in the context of evidence‐based practice and multidisciplinary health care. Journal of Advanced Nursing68(1), 222–229.

Aim.  This paper presents a discussion of the role of nursing models and theory in the modern clinical environment.

Background.  Models of nursing have had limited success in bridging the gap between theory and practice.

Data sources.  Literature on nursing models and theory since the 1950s, from health and social care databases.

Discussion.  Arguments against nursing theory are challenged. In the current context of multidisciplinary services and the doctrine of evidence‐based practice, a unique theoretical standpoint comprising the art and science of nursing is more relevant than ever.

Implications for nursing.  A theoretical framework should reflect the eclectic, pragmatic practice of nursing.

Conclusion.  Nurse educators and practitioners should embrace theory‐based practice as well as evidence‐based practice.
1:1 online tuition: a review of the literature from a pedagogical perspective
Authors: Jopling M.
Published: September 2011

This paper outlines the findings of a review that examined the literature around current practice in one‐to‐one online tuition in schools and higher education. It summarizes the purposes, contexts, scope, and methods of 17 core studies identified through a systematic literature search. It then uses a conceptual framework focusing on pedagogical innovation to explore the findings of the core studies, a discussion that is also informed by the consideration of a number of contextual studies exploring group online tuition and online learning more generally. The paper concludes by suggesting that the development of one‐to‐one online tuition has been constrained by comparisons with face‐to‐face approaches and that more research is needed to map its characteristics and potential in more detail as technology continues to evolve.
Quality assessment and development in the course of the EFMD CEL programme accreditation
Authors: Meier C. , Seufert S. , Euler D.
Published: September 2011

This paper reviews the experiences and learnings derived from the European Foundation for Management Development's programme accreditation teChnology‐Enhanced Learning (EFMD CEL) programme accreditation. The EFMD CEL quality framework is briefly described, and an overview of the programmes that have pursued accreditation is presented. Subsequently, the evaluation results for the programmes having undergone accreditation/re‐accreditation are analysed. This analysis moves from a more aggregated view to a more detailed view, and observations are related to relevant findings in the literature. Also, the key issues and recommendations identified by the auditors for further development of the programmes reviewed are discussed, as are the evaluation results for three programmes that have undergone re‐accreditation. Key findings are the following: (1) the quality criteria at the core of the EFMD CEL quality framework are applicable for diverse programmes; (2) the programmes receive differentiated evaluations on the different quality dimensions and quality criteria; (3) auditors' ideas for improvement and recommendations most commonly pertain to the quality dimensions ‘Pedagogy’ and ‘Organization/Culture’; (4) noticeable quality improvements are indeed initiated through the EFDM CEL audit and accreditation process; and (5) quality management is not a one‐way street, and slippage with regard to some quality criteria may be observed in re‐accreditation results.
How artefacts mediate small‐group co‐creation activities in a mobile‐assisted seamless language learning environment?
Authors: Wong L.‐H. , Chen W. , Jan M.
Published: September 2011

The rich learning resources and contexts learners experience in their everyday life could play important roles in complementing formal learning, but are often neglected by learners and teachers. In this paper, we present an intervention study in ‘Move, Idioms!’, a mobile‐assisted Chinese language learning approach that emphasizes contextualized learner content creation and meaning (sense) making with their daily encounters. In the study, students used smart phones on a 1:1 basis to take photos of the real‐life contexts pertaining to Chinese idioms or conjunctions, made sentences with the idioms/conjunctions, and then posted them onto a wiki space for peer reviews. This paper focuses on analysing students’ on‐campus face‐to‐face collaborative learning process. Inspired by the notions of mediation by artefacts and distributed cognition, we derived a novel visualization approach for descriptive analysis of the small‐group activities to provide a synoptic view of the process of student artefact co‐creation in such collaborative activities. Through our artefact‐oriented analysis, we foreground the significance and the potential impact in fostering learners’ habit of mind and skills in identifying and appropriating in situ resources to mediate their learning activities in any learning space, rather than always being ‘dictated’ by the resources that the teacher provides with fixed roles to play.
Understanding preservice teachers' technology use through TPACK framework
Authors: Pamuk S.
Published: September 2011

This study discusses preservice teachers' achievement barriers to technology integration, using principles of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) as an evaluative framework. Technology‐capable participants each freely chose a content area to comprise project. Data analysis based on interactions among core components of TPACK revealed that participants struggled with developing new knowledge. Lack of pedagogical experience limited development of appropriate technology integration approaches. Creating new knowledge bases based on different teaching components can be difficult for preservice teachers because it requires a deep understanding of core knowledge and interpretation of the teaching context and its dynamics. Developing pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) is an important factor in overall technology integration; teachers must make it a priority to acquire PCK before integrating technology. In preservice teacher education, PCK development must be supported with actual teaching experience.

We believe that the results of the study may provide valuable insight with respect to proper focus on technology integration and recognizing limitations and challenges within TPACK principles to both those who teach technology integration and those who design TPACK‐based activities.
FRET‐based genetically encoded sensors allow high‐resolution live cell imaging of Ca2+ dynamics
Authors: Krebs Melanie , Held Katrin , Binder Andreas , Hashimoto Kenji , Den Herder Griet , Parniske Martin , Kudla Jörg , Schumacher Karin
Published: September 2011

Temporally and spatially defined calcium signatures are integral parts of numerous signalling pathways. Monitoring calcium dynamics with high spatial and temporal resolution is therefore critically important to understand how this ubiquitous second messenger can control diverse cellular responses. Yellow cameleons (YCs) are fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based genetically encoded Ca2+ ‐sensors that provide a powerful tool to monitor the spatio‐temporal dynamics of Ca2+ fluxes. Here we present an advanced set of vectors and transgenic lines for live cell Ca2+ imaging in plants. Transgene silencing mediated by the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter has severely limited the application of nanosensors for ions and metabolites and we have thus used the UBQ10 promoter from Arabidopsis and show here that this results in constitutive and stable expression of YCs in transgenic plants. To improve the spatial resolution, our vector repertoire includes versions of YCs that can be targeted to defined locations. Using this toolkit, we identified temporally distinct responses to external ATP at the plasma membrane, in the cytosol and in the nucleus of neighbouring root cells. Moreover analysis of Ca2+ dynamics in Lotus japonicus revealed distinct Nod factor induced Ca2+ spiking patterns in the nucleus and the cytosol. Consequently, the constructs and transgenic lines introduced here enable a detailed analysis of Ca2+ dynamics in different cellular compartments and in different plant species and will foster novel approaches to decipher the temporal and spatial characteristics of calcium signatures.
Macrophages from patients with atopic dermatitis show a reduced CXCL10 expression in response to staphylococcal α‐toxin
Authors: Kasraie S. , Niebuhr M. , Kopfnagel V. , Dittrich‐Breiholz O. , Kracht M. , Werfel T.
Published: September 2011

To cite this article: Kasraie S, Niebuhr M, Kopfnagel V, Dittrich‐Breiholz O, Kracht M, Werfel T. Macrophages from patients with atopic dermatitis show a reduced CXCL10 expression in response to staphylococcal α‐toxin.Allergy 2012; 67: 41–49.

Background:  Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) are frequently colonized with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), one‐third of them producing α‐toxin, which is correlated with the severity of eczema in AD. Staphylococcus aureus colonizes in patients with psoriasis as well. Distinct expression of chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand (CCL) and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand (CXCL) chemokines has been documented in both diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of sublytic α‐toxin concentrations on human macrophages that accumulate in the skin of patients with AD and psoriasis.

Methods:  IFN‐γ‐induced protein of 10‐kDa (IP‐10)/CXCL10 and macrophage‐derived chemokine (MDC)/CCL22 production were evaluated at the mRNA or at the protein level using qRT–PCR or ELISA, respectively. Cell surface markers’ expression and chemotaxis were determined by flow cytometry and Boyden chamber technique, respectively.

Results:  Sublytic concentrations of α‐toxin strongly induced CXCL10 in macrophages at both the mRNA and the protein levels and significantly up‐regulated MHC class II expression. Supernatants of α‐toxin‐stimulated macrophages induced the migration of human CD4+ lymphocytes via the CXCL10 receptor (CXCR3). Macrophages from patients with AD produced lower levels of CXCL10 compared to cells from patients with psoriasis as well as healthy controls in response to α‐toxin. α‐Toxin did not lead to a large variation in CCL22 production in macrophages from all three groups.

Conclusions:  Staphylococcal α‐toxin contributes to Th1 polarization by induction of CXCL10 in macrophages. Macrophages from patients with AD and psoriasis responded to α‐toxin in the induction of Th1‐related chemokine CXCL10 diversely, which could favour the recruitment of distinct leucocyte subsets into the skin.
The impact of the rank of marker variance–covariance matrix in principal component evaluation for genomic selection applications
Authors: Dimauro C. , Cellesi M. , Pintus M.A. , Macciotta N.P.P.
Published: September 2011

In genomic selection (GS) programmes, direct genomic values (DGV) are evaluated using information provided by high‐density SNP chip. Being DGV accuracy strictly dependent on SNP density, it is likely that an increase in the number of markers per chip will result in severe computational consequences. Aim of present work was to test the effectiveness of principal component analysis (PCA) carried out by chromosome in reducing the marker dimensionality for GS purposes. A simulated data set of 5700 individuals with an equal number of SNP distributed over six chromosomes was used. PCs were extracted both genome‐wide (ALL) and separately by chromosome (CHR) and used to predict DGVs. In the ALL scenario, the SNP variance–covariance matrix (S) was singular, positive semi‐definite and contained null information which introduces ‘spuriousness’ in the derived results. On the contrary, the S matrix for each chromosome (CHR scenario) had a full rank. Obtained DGV accuracies were always better for CHR than ALL. Moreover, in the latter scenario, DGV accuracies became soon unsettled as the number of animals decreases, whereas in CHR, they remain stable till 900–1000 individuals. In real applications where a 54k SNP chip is used, the largest number of markers per chromosome is approximately 2500. Thus, a number of around 3000 genotyped animals could lead to reliable results when the original SNP variables are replaced by a reduced number of PCs.
Adipokines in inflammation, insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease
Authors: Li Zhi‐Yong , Wang Pei , Miao Chao‐Yu
Published: September 2011

1. Obesity is a major determinant of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies in the past two decades have shown that adipose tissue is not merely an inert energy reserve of triglycerides, but also an active endocrine organ.

2. Adipose tissue can produce and secrete numerous bioactive peptides and/or proteins termed adipokines. These secretory factors are involved in the regulation of local and systemic inflammation and insulin sensitivity in a paracrine and/or endocrine manner. Inflammation and insulin resistance (IR) play critical roles in the obesity‐linked development of CVD, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and restenosis.

3. In the present minireview, we summarize the relationship between inflammation and IR, as well as their contribution to the development of CVD during adipose tissue dysfunction. In particular, we focus on the effects of various adipokines in pathological processes, which may provide an insight into obesity‐linked CVD and facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies.
PecS is an important player in the regulatory network governing the coordinated expression of virulence genes during the interaction between Dickeya dadantii 3937 and plants
Authors: Mhedbi‐Hajri Nadia , Malfatti Pierrette , Pédron Jacques , Gaubert Stéphane , Reverchon Sylvie , Van Gijsegem Frédérique
Published: September 2011

Successful infection of a pathogen relies on the coordinated expression of numerous virulence factor‐encoding genes. In plant–bacteria interactions, this control is very often achieved through the integration of several regulatory circuits controlling cell–cell communication or sensing environmental conditions. Dickeya dadantii (formerly Erwinia chrysanthemi), the causal agent of soft rot on many crops and ornamentals, provokes maceration of infected plants mainly by producing and secreting a battery of plant cell wall‐degrading enzymes. However, several other virulence factors have also been characterized. During Arabidopsis infection, most D. dadantii virulence gene transcripts accumulated in a coordinated manner during infection. This activation requires a functional GacA–GacS two‐component regulatory system but the Gac system is not involved in the growth phase dependence of virulence gene expression. Here we show that, contrary to Pectobacterium, the AHL‐mediated ExpIR quorum‐sensing system does not play a major role in the growth phase‐dependent control of D. dadantii virulence genes. On the other hand, the global regulator PecS participates in this coordinated expression since, in a pecS mutant, an early activation of virulence genes is observed both in vitro and in planta. This correlated with the known hypervirulence phenotype of the pecS mutant. Analysis of the relationship between the regulatory circuits governed by the PecS and GacA global regulators indicates that these two regulators act independently. PecS prevents a premature expression of virulence genes in the first stages of colonization whereas GacA, presumably in conjunction with other regulators, is required for the activation of virulence genes at the onset of symptom occurrence.
The role of reduction in iron uptake processes in a unicellular, planktonic cyanobacterium
Authors: Kranzler Chana , Lis Hagar , Shaked Yeala , Keren Nir
Published: September 2011

In many aquatic environments the essential micronutrient iron is predominantly complexed by a heterogeneous pool of strong organic chelators. Research on iron uptake mechanisms of cyanobacteria inhabiting these environments has focused on endogenous siderophore production and internalization. However, as many cyanobacterial species do not produce siderophores, alternative Fe acquisition mechanisms must exist. Here we present a study of the iron uptake pathways in the unicellular, planktonic, non‐siderophore producing strainSynechocystis sp.PCC 6803. By applying trace metal clean techniques and a chemically controlled growth medium we obtained reliable and reproducible short‐term (radioactive assays) and long‐term (growth experiments) iron uptake rates. We found thatSynechocystis6803 is capable of acquiring iron from exogenous ferrisiderophores (Ferrioxamine‐B, FeAerobactin) and that unchelated, inorganic Fe is a highly available source of iron. Inhibition of iron uptake by the Fe(II)‐specific ligand, ferrozine, indicated that reduction of both inorganic iron and ferrisiderophore complexes occurs before transport through the plasma membrane. Measurements of iron reduction rates and the inhibitory effect of ferrozine on growth supported this conclusion. The reduction‐based uptake strategy is well suited for acquiring iron from multiple complexes in dilute aquatic environments and may play an important role in other cyanobacterial strains.
DISTINCTIVENESS OF ADMINISTRATIVE REFORM IN GREECE, ITALY, PORTUGAL AND SPAIN. COMMON CHARACTERISTICS OF CONTEXT, ADMINISTRATIONS AND REFORMS
Authors: KICKERT WALTER
Published: September 2011

This article, the final part of the symposium, concentrates on the common characteristics of Southern European states and administrations that can explain the distinctiveness of the reforms there. First, we briefly consider the theoretical aspect of the country papers, that is, historical institutionalism. We then briefly review some common features of contextual factors such as welfare state, economy and civic culture. This is followed by a discussion of some typical characteristics of Southern European administrations: legalism, politicization and clientelism. Finally, we discuss some common features of reform in Southern Europe. Reform in the region encompasses not only new public management; other reforms have also occurred. However, political polarization means these countries lack the stability necessary to implement and carry out reform effectively. In terms of improvement in quality, efficiency and client orientation of public service provision, the far‐reaching politicization of the civil service gives a distinctive twist to any such claims.
THE ODYSSEY OF ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS IN GREECE, 1981–2009: A TALE OF TWO REFORM PATHS
Authors: SPANOU CALLIOPE , SOTIROPOULOS DIMITRI A.
Published: September 2011

In Greece, two distinct reform paths led to institutional building and economic managerial types of reform. These two reforms, with the exception of the period 1996–2004, when both institutional and economic reforms were attempted, did not attract the same degree of attention. Institutional reforms were more successful than attempts at managerial reforms; reform implementation on the other hand varies. Economic and managerial reforms can be observed with regard to economic competition, the opening up of the market, and reducing the size of public sector, all areas where pressure from the EU has been stronger. Decentralization reforms were more important politically than administratively. Citizens' rights and service delivery were conceived as reforms of democratization and modernization rather than as managerial reforms. ‘Agencification’ amounted to circumventing existing ministerial structures. Change was incremental, and reforms were minimally guided by the New Public Management paradigm, because of little emphasis on changes imbued by managerial and economic values. Reform dynamics benefited not only from outside pressures but also from the operation of internal, ‘modernizing’ forces.
The relationship between performance‐based self‐esteem and self‐reported work and health behaviors among Danish knowledge workers
Authors: PERSSON ROGER , ALBERTSEN KAREN , GARDE ANNE HELENE , RUGULIES REINER
Published: September 2011

Persson, R., Albertsen, K., Garde, A.H. & Rugulies, R. (2012). The relationship between performance‐based self‐esteem and self‐reported work and health behaviors among Danish knowledge workers. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 53, 71–79.

Since knowledge intensive work often requires self‐management, one might fear that persons who are dependent on work success for self‐esteem will have difficulties in finding a healthful and sustainable balance between internal needs and external demands. Accordingly, we examined to what degree work‐related performance‐based self‐esteem (PBS) was linked to work and health behaviors in 392 knowledge workers (226 women, 166 men). In the women group, multiple binary logistic regression analyses with repeated measurements showed that the PBS score was associated with 10 of the 17 examined work and health behaviors. For men the corresponding figure was 3 of 17. In both men and women, higher PBS scores were positively associated with reports of efforts and strivings for work as well as attending work while ill. In conclusion, statistically significant relationships between PBS and work and health behaviors were more clearly visible among women than men. Whether this gender difference is dependent on the study design, or on true inherent differences between women and men, cannot be concluded with any certainty. However, persons who described themselves as being relatively more dependent on work accomplishments for a high self‐esteem, as expressed by the PBS score, seem to display work behaviors that may lessen their restitution time. In addition, they also seem to be more prone to work while sick.
Determinants of Smallholders’ Decisions to Leave Land Fallow: The Case of Kosovo
Authors: Sauer Johannes , Davidova Sophia , Latruffe Laure
Published: September 2011

This article investigates why farmers in Kosovo leave land fallow when their farms’ total land area is small and households, almost fully dependent on farming for their livelihoods, are large. It uses a comprehensive survey carried out during the agricultural year 2005/2006 to explore agricultural households’ perceptions of production, market conditions and general security 6 years after the end of the military conflict in the former Yugoslavia. Several locational, household and farm characteristics empirically approximate the significance of different factors for the amount of land left idle. Two different econometric models are used to address the characteristics of the dependent variable distribution by accounting for endogeneity. The main determinants of the share of land left fallow are found to be related to the economic and institutional structure, and to the general feeling of insecurity.
Oral motor performance in spastic cerebral palsy individuals: are hydration and nutritional status associated?
Authors: Santos Maria Teresa , Batista Renato , Previtali Elisangela , Ortega Adriana , Nascimento Oliver , Jardim Jose
Published: September 2011

J Oral Pathol Med (2012) 41: 153–157

Background:  Previous studies reported alterations in salivary parameters in cerebral palsy (CP) individuals; however, none of these considered oral motor performance as possibly responsible for these conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of oral motor performance on the nutritional status and salivary parameters in individuals with CP.

Methods:  Forty‐three individuals aged 11–19 years‐old, with spastic CP were included in this study. Oral motor performance was evaluated using the Oral Motor Assessment Scale, which classified the individuals into two groups: subfunctional or functional. Unstimulated saliva was collected and the flow rate was calculated (ml/min). Salivary osmolality was measured using a freezing point depression osmometer. Blood samples were collected to evaluate complete blood count, total protein, albumin/globulin ratio and transferrin levels.

Results:  The subfunctional (n = 21) and the functional group (n = 22) did not differ regarding sex (P = 0.193), however the functional group was older (P = 0.023) and had a higher mean BMI (P < 0.001). The subfunctional CP group presented a reduction in salivary flow rate (36.4%) (P < 0.01) and an increase in salivary osmolality (35.5%) (P < 0.001) compared to the functional group. Slightly lower values for red blood cells (millions/mm3) (P < 0.001), hemoglobin (g/dl) (P < 0.009), hematocrit (%) (P = 0.001), number of platelets (N/mm3), total protein (g/dl) and albumin/globulin ratio (P = 0.003 and P = 0.036, respectively) were determined for the subfunctional group, but within the normal range of normality.

Conclusion:  Cerebral palsy individuals appear to present impaired adequate hydration due to compromised oral motor performance.
Professional oral hygiene treatment and detailed oral hygiene instructions in patients affected by mucous membrane pemphigoid with specific gingival localization: a pilot study in 12 patients
Authors: Arduino PG , Lopetuso E , Carcieri P , Giacometti S , Carbone M , Tanteri C , Broccoletti R
Published: September 2011

To cite this article:
 
Int J Dent Hygiene 10, 2012; 138–141  DOI: 10.1111/j.1601‐5037.2010.00527.x

Arduino PG, Lopetuso E, Carcieri P, Giacometti S, Carbone M, Tanteri C, Broccoletti R. Professional oral hygiene treatment and detailed oral hygiene instructions in patients affected by mucous membrane pemphigoid with specific gingival localization: a pilot study in 12 patients.

Abstract:  Objectives:  The aim of this prospective case series was to assess the clinical efficiency of an oral hygiene protocol in patients affected by mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) with specific gingival localization, before starting any medical treatment. Methods:  Patients received oral hygiene instruction followed by non‐surgical periodontal therapy including oral hygiene instructions in a 3‐week cohort study. Clinical outcome variables were recorded at baseline and 5 weeks after intervention and included, as periodontal parameters, full mouth plaque (FMPS) and bleeding (FMBS) scores and patient‐related outcomes (visual analogue score of pain). Results:  A total of 12 patients were recruited. The mean age at presentation was 59.5 ± 14.52 years. Five weeks after finishing the oral hygiene and periodontal therapy protocol, a statistical significant reduction was observed for FMPS (P = 0.001), FMBS (P = 0.022) and reported pain (P = 0.0028). Conclusions:  Professional oral hygiene procedures and non‐surgical periodontal therapy are connected with improvement of gingival status and decrease in gingival‐related pain, in female patients affected by MMP with specific gingival localization.
Can home monitoring reduce mortality in infants at increased risk of sudden infant death syndrome? A systematic review
Authors: Strehle Eugen‐Matthias , Gray William K , Gopisetti Sharmila , Richardson Jenny , McGuire Jackie , Malone Sive
Published: September 2011

Aim:  To conduct a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of home monitoring devices in the prevention of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Methods:  Systematic literature review to June 30, 2010.

Results:  Eleven unique studies were identified. Only one of these studies involved a comparison of home monitoring with a control intervention and so could be deemed level I evidence. The remaining studies constituted level III evidence.

Conclusions:  There is no high‐level evidence that home monitoring may be of use in preventing SIDS; further research is needed.
Insights into the mechanism of enhanced mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells and release of CXCL12 by a combination of AMD3100 and aminoglycoside–polyarginine conjugates
Authors: Berchanski Alexander , Kalinkovich Alexander , Ludin Aya , Lapidot Tsvee , Lapidot Aviva
Published: September 2011

Mobilization of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood is utilized in clinical HSPC transplantation protocols. Retention of HSPCs in the bone marrow is determined by relationships between the chemokine chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) and its major receptor C‐X‐C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and disruption of this retention by CXCR4 antagonists such as AMD3100 induces rapid HSPC mobilization. Here, we report that aminoglycoside–polyarginine conjugates (APACs) and N‐α‐acetyl‐nona‐d‐arginine (r9) induce mobilization of white blood cells and, preferentially, immature hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) in mice, similarly to AMD3100. Remarkably, administration of AMD3100 with each one of the APACs or r9 caused additional HPC mobilization. The mobilizing activity of APACs and r9 was accompanied by a significant elevation in plasma CXCL12 levels. To further understand how APACs, r9 and their combinations with AMD3100 compete with CXCL12 binding to CXCR4, as well with antibody against CXCR4 for CXCR4 binding, we have undertaken an approach combining experimental validation and docking to determine plausible binding modes for these ligands. On the basis of our biological and docking findings, and recently published NMR data, we suggest that combination of pairs of compounds such as APACs (or r9) with AMD3100 induces more efficient disruption of the CXCL12–CXCR4 interaction than AMD3100 alone, resulting in enhanced HPC mobilization.
Reduction of breast cancer cell migration via up‐regulation of TASK‐3 two‐pore domain K+ channel
Authors: Lee G.‐W. , Park H. S. , Kim E.‐J. , Cho Y.‐W. , Kim G.‐T. , Mun Y.‐J. , Choi E.‐J. , Lee J.‐S. , Han J. , Kang D.
Published: September 2011

Aim:  Many kinds of K+ channels are expressed in a variety of cells, including cancer cells. However, only a small amount of research has explored the relationship between voltage‐independent K+ channels and breast cancer. This study was performed to investigate whether changes in two‐pore domain K+ (K2P) channel expression levels are related to the migration of human breast cancer cells.

Methods:  K2P channel gene/protein expression levels were compared between MCF‐7 (a non‐invasive cell) and MDA‐MB‐231 (an invasive cell) using reverse transcriptase (RT)‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real‐time PCR, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry. The relationship between K2P channel expression level and cell migration was analysed using gene overexpression and knock‐down techniques. Functional expression of TASK‐3 in MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells was recorded using patch‐clamp technique.

Results:  Of K2P channels, TASK‐3 mRNA and protein were highly expressed in MCF‐7 cells compared with those in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. Overexpression of TASK‐3 in breast cancer cells reduced migration and invasion, whereas silencing of TASK‐3 increased the migration and invasion. The TASK‐3 expression level was decreased by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a PKC activator. PMA also enhanced the cell migration in MDA‐MB‐231 cells.

Conclusion:  These results show that an increase in TASK‐3 expression levels, which could be modulated by PKC activation, reduces cell migration/invasion in breast cancer cells and suggest that modulation of TASK‐3 expression may regulate metastasis of breast cancer cells.
Secondary markets with changing preferences
Authors: Johnson Justin P.
Published: September 2011

If consumer valuations change over time, then secondary‐market frictions may raise monopoly profits and cause durability to be distorted away from the cost‐minimizing level. A monopolist who favors such frictions overinvests in durability, but planned obsolescence instead may be preferred when market frictions exist but a monopolist wishes they did not. Evidence from the book market is presented.
Targeting in advertising markets: implications for offline versus online media
Authors: Bergemann Dirk , Bonatti Alessandro
Published: September 2011

We develop a model with many advertisers (products) and many advertising markets (media). Each advertiser sells to a different segment of consumers, and each medium is targeting a different audience. We characterize the competitive equilibrium in the advertising markets and evaluate the implications of targeting. An increase in targeting leads to an increase in the total number of consumer‐product matches, and hence in the social value of advertising. Yet, targeting also increases the concentration of firms advertising in each market. Surprisingly, we then find that the equilibrium price of advertisements is first increasing, then decreasing, in the targeting capacity. We trace out the implications of targeting for competing media. We distinguish offline and online media by their targeting ability: low versus high. As consumers’ relative exposure to online media increases, the revenues of offline media decrease, even though the price of advertising might increase.
Forest bioenergy climate impact can be improved by allocating forest residue removal
Authors: Repo Anna , Känkänen Riina , Tuovinen Juha‐Pekka , Antikainen Riina , Tuomi Mikko , Vanhala Pekka , Liski Jari
Published: September 2011

Bioenergy from forest residues can be used to avoid fossil carbon emissions, but removing biomass from forests reduces carbon stock sizes and carbon input to litter and soil. The magnitude and longevity of these carbon stock changes determine how effective measures to utilize bioenergy from forest residues are to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the energy sector and to mitigate climate change. In this study, we estimate the variability of GHG emissions and consequent climate impacts resulting from producing bioenergy from stumps, branches and residual biomass of forest thinning operations in Finland, and the contribution of the variability in key factors, i.e. forest residue diameter, tree species, geographical location of the forest biomass removal site and harvesting method, to the emissions and their climate impact. The GHG emissions and the consequent climate impacts estimated as changes in radiative forcing were comparable to fossil fuels when bioenergy production from forest residues was initiated. The emissions and climate impacts decreased over time because forest residues were predicted to decompose releasing CO2 even if left in the forest. Both were mainly affected by forest residue diameter and climatic conditions of the forest residue collection site. Tree species and the harvest method of thinning wood (whole tree or stem‐only) had a smaller effect on the magnitude of emissions. The largest reduction in the energy production climate impacts after 20 years, up to 62%, was achieved when coal was replaced by the branches collected from Southern Finland, whereas the smallest reduction 7% was gained by using stumps from Northern Finland instead of natural gas. After 100 years the corresponding values were 77% and 21%. The choice of forest residue biomass collected affects significantly the emissions and climate impacts of forest bioenergy.