bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considerations about the Marriage Regulations of Canon Law and the Apostolic Penitentiary in Late Middle Ages
Authors: Caserta Giannamaria
Published: October 2022

A causa de que el Derecho canónico ha sido entendido a menudo como una colección homogénea de normas, que habrían sido interpretadas de forma similar a lo largo de la cristiandad, se han estudiado poco las diferencias en la interpretación de las normas del Derecho canónico. El propósito de este artículo es determinar la comprensión de las regulaciones canónicas medievales del matrimonio entre cristianos, especialmente desde la perspectiva de si (y cómo) fueron aplicadas e interpretadas de manera diferente en las distintas partes del Occidente cristiano en la Edad Media tardía. La fuente material para este estudio se basa en las peticiones presentadas ante la Penitenciaría Apostólica -uno de los principales oficios de la Curia papal, especialmente en la Edad Media tardía-, durante el pontificado de Pío II (1458-1464), casi 4.200 casos en total.
La defensa y promoción de la libertad religiosa por la Administración norteamericana (2000-2007). Parte II: United States Department of State (USDS)
Authors: Rubio José Ignacio
Published: October 2022

La tutela de la libertad religiosa en el derecho norteamericano había sido presentada, hasta este momento, casi exclusivamente en sede jurisprudencial y legislativa. Era necesario ofrecer un estudio de los esfuerzos realizados por la administración norteamericana en la protección de la libertad religiosa a través de los Departamentos de Justicia y de Estado. La primera parte de nuestro estudio se centró en la lucha interna por el efectivo ejercicio de esta libertad a través del Departamento de Justicia. Sirviéndose de varios órganos y proyectos, este Departamento luchó contra la discriminación religiosa en diversos sectores (educación, trabajo, vivienda, acceso a instalaciones abiertas al público y de titularidad pública, regulación del suelo, y derechos de los internos en ciertas instituciones) y persiguió las actividades criminales contra personas y bienes religiosos. La segunda parte de nuestro análisis presenta el trabajo realizado por el Departamento de Estado y su Oficina sobre libertad religiosa en el orden internacional creada por la ley 1998 ('International Religious Freedom Act'). Sus informes anuales suponen un instrumento de gran valor a fin de evaluar el estado de libertad religiosa en el mundo. El estudio evidencia que la libertad religiosa sigue necesitando protección en el orden internacional, que la administración norteamericana -consciente de esta realidad- ha respondido con mayor o menor eficacia y que su reacción se basa en la consideración positiva de la libertad religiosa como la primera de las libertades. En definitiva, es innegable que la administración norteamericana, en el tiempo estudiado, parece firmemente comprometida en asegurar el pacífico disfrute del derecho de libertad religiosa, dentro y fuera de sus fronteras. Si interviene fuera es porque dentro no escatima esfuerzos en esa dirección.
Ecclesia y polis
Authors: Martín-de-Agar José T.
Published: October 2022

Las relaciones Iglesia-Estado se rigen por el principio de libertad de la Iglesia para cumplir su misión de predicar el Evangelio y confrontar con él cualquier doctrina o situación. Se sigue que el llamado dualismo cristiano nace de la esencia misma de la Iglesia, Pueblo de Dios distinto de los reinos terrenales. En la historia de esas relaciones, junto a elementos coyunturales se descubren constantes. Una de ellas es que, en cada época, la figura político jurídica de la Iglesia está determinada por la eclesiología pero también por la configuración política de la sociedad civil. La Iglesia se presenta al mundo, en buena medida, según el mundo se le presenta a ella. Otra constante es la 'ratio peccati', el título sobre el que la Iglesia funda su derecho y deber de intervenir en los asuntos temporales. En el tiempo cambian el modo, la extensión y consecuencias de esa intervención, pero el fundamento es siempre el mismo, desde la 'Novit ille' (1204) hasta el c.1401. El liberalismo político impone un cambio radical en las relaciones Iglesia-Estado pues requiere que se guíen por principios de orden racional natural y no de orden revelado. Un laborioso proceso ha conducido a centrarlas en el servicio a la persona y en los derechos que su dignidad comporta, principalmente la libertad religiosa. El cambio de perspectiva que ha supuesto la acogida en el magisterio de la libertad religiosa, no ha sido todavía asimilado por todos.
Financiación de la Iglesia. El modelo italiano
Authors: Rivella Mauro
Published: October 2022

Después de la revisión de 1984 de los Pactos Lateranenses, se inauguró en Italia un sistema de financiación de la Iglesia que básicamente depende de que cada contribuyente determine anualmente el destino del ocho por mil del impuesto sobre la renta de las personas físicas. Se puede optar en favor de la Iglesia católica, el Estado u otras cinco confesiones religiosas que tienen Acuerdo suscrito con el Estado italiano. La parte correspondiente a los contribuyentes que no hayan expresado su elección, se distribuye siguiendo la misma proporción de los que sí la han expresado. Todo el dinero que la Iglesia reciba ha de ser destinado al culto, el sostenimiento del clero y las obras de caridad. Además es necesaria una rendición de cuentas anual. Junto a esta forma de financiación está previsto también un beneficio fiscal para las ofrendas libremente realizadas por los fieles para el sostenimiento del clero. Este sistema de financiación de la Iglesia, inaugurado a partir de 1984, garantiza a la Iglesia los medios para su normal funcionamiento.
El Derecho oriental desde la promulgación del CIC y del CCEO
Authors: Gefaell Pablo
Published: October 2022

La promulgación en 1990 del CCEO ha favorecido la reflexión sobre la interrelación de los sistemas legales secundarios del único ordenamiento jurídico primario de la Iglesia. Además, la actual presencia de cristianos orientales inmigrados en occidente exige adecuadas respuestas pastorales y canónicas por parte de la Iglesia latina. El autor recorre los principales documentos sobre las Iglesias orientales publicados desde la promulgación del CIC de 1983 y ofrece una panorámica de los autores y congresos que durante estos años se han dedicado primariamente al estudio del Derecho oriental. Se enuncian brevemente algunas comparaciones entre la disciplina oriental y la latina y también se ilustran detalles interesantes sobre la organización jerárquica oriental. En fin, se tocan algunos puntos sobre la atención pastoral de los orientales católicos fuera del territorio proprio de sus Iglesias y también algunos aspectos interesantes sobre las relaciones con los ortodoxos.
Desarrollo del Derecho concordatario después del CIC de 1983
Authors: Calvo Álvarez Joaquín
Published: October 2022

El CIC de 1983 no se ocupa directamente del Derecho Concordatario. Pero influye en los Acuerdos concordatarios de la Santa Sede, tanto en los Preámbulos como en cláusulas determinadas de diversos Acuerdos del período analizado. Esa influencia se refiere a los nuevos enfoques del Derecho Canónico, que tienen su fuente en el Concilio Vaticano II; también a algunas nuevas figuras e instituciones canónicas. Aunque es discutible, en este tema, tomar como fecha de inicio de este análisis la de la promulgación del CIC, sin embargo, estos 25 años enmarcan un panorama de gran interés para conocer mejor las dimensiones y contenidos de especial relieve de la actual actividad concordataria. Este trabajo no puede considerarse un análisis exhaustivo aunque sí es un estudio sistemático de gran parte del contenido de los abundantes Acuerdos de este período. Me detengo en aspectos que sugieren posibles soluciones a problemas antiguos y recientes de las relaciones Iglesia-Estado.
El Derecho particular posterior al CIC de 1983 en España
Authors: Olmos María Elena
Published: October 2022

En aplicación del principio de subsidiariedad, el Código ha abierto las puertas a un desarrollo del Derecho particular de la Iglesia que, en España, ha sido abundante y variado. La autora presenta en primer lugar las materias objeto de legislación particular, distinguiendo las que están atribuidas a las Conferencias Episcopales, las propias de los Obispos diocesanos y las compartidas. Seguidamente se detiene en el estudio concreto del Derecho particular en España: primero, en la normativa de la Conferencia Episcopal desde la entrada en vigor del Código; después, en una selección de la normativa más reciente, dada su amplitud, de las diócesis de España y luego en las agrupaciones de las Iglesias particulares. El trabajo termina con una reflexión final, acompañada de propuestas de futuro, tales como la creación de una base de datos de legislación particular vigente en el seno de la Conferencia Episcopal española, a disposición de las diócesis.
Libertad religiosa y libertad de expresión
Authors: Palomino Rafael
Published: October 2022

En los últimos años se han producido graves conflictos entre libertad de expresión y sentimientos religiosos. Estos conflictos han atraído la atención de los cultivadores de las Ciencias sociales, el Derecho entre ellas. El presente artículo examina alguno de dichos conflictos, estudia el concepto de difamación de las religiones y sus implicaciones jurídicas, analiza la noción de discurso de odio como límite legítimo de la libertad de expresión. Igualmente, expone la jurisprudencia del Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos sobre la materia y la protección que otorga el derecho español a los sentimientos religiosos.
Alcance de la oferta educativa en una entidad confesional. La escuela católica
Authors: Murgoitio José Manuel
Published: October 2022

La formación integral del hombre y la participación en la misión de la Iglesia configuran el alcance educativo de la escuela católica. En el ámbito jurídico civil, estos dos principios toman carta de naturaleza en la figura del carácter propio. Sin embargo, la actual imprecisión normativa en torno a dicho carácter propio puede llegar a convertirse en una potencial amenaza para el alcance educativo de la escuela católica. En este sentido, el artículo 52 de la LODE se revela, con su imprecisa invocación a la libertad de conciencia, como crucial en este intento limitador. La colisión de esta libertad con el carácter propio se manifiesta especialmente en la clase de religión, las celebraciones litúrgicas y la presencia de alumnos de otras confesiones y remitidos por las Comisiones de Garantías. La resolución de dicho conflicto habrá de resolverse teniendo presente las vinculaciones que el carácter propio presenta con la libertad de enseñanza y de religión.
Parenthetical Verb Phrases with the Russian Verbs govorit’ and skazat’: A Constructional Approach
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Skrebtsova Tatiana
Published: October 2022

The research urgency is explicable due to the fact that parenthetical phrases are complicated in their essence, which is stipulated by their semantic and syntactic peculiarities. However, traditional approaches to the description and classification of parenthetical expressions are marked by heterogeneity, subjectivity and blurred boundaries between the posited groups. The paper suggests a novel perspective on the phenomenon from a construction grammar viewpoint. Theoretical prerequisites of construction grammar are claimed to ensure a well-integrated, systemic framework to account for parenthetical expressions. The key advantage is seen in the specific interpretation of the notion of construction, according to which constructions allow for a certain degree of lexical variation. Parenthetical word combinations with the verbs govorit' and skazat' are analyzed within structural and semantic aspects. The author has identified parenthetical verb phrases of various abstraction degree, listed them in hierarchical structures, and revealed their semantic interrelations. The parenthetical combinations with the verbs govorit' and skazat' are noted to be brought together in a constructional network, which on the one hand reveals intrinsic systematic arrangement of the corresponding language unit, and on the other hand demonstrates its openend character, external links and capability of replenishment with new items. The overall picture thus corroborates the vision of language as an integrated network of constructions of various degree of complexity.
Functional Peculiarities of Metaphorical Models in Brazilian Presidential Discourse
Authors:   MGIMO University, Zhukova Polina
Published: October 2022

The paper analyzes functional peculiarities of the main metaphorical models in the discourse of two most significant political figures in Brazil at the moment: ex-president L.I. da Silva (2003–2010) and current president J. Bolsonaro (since 2018). The research required application of an integrated approach to metaphor as both a mental, discursive and culturally conditioned phenomenon. Metaphorical models in the individual presidential discourse are understood as backbone elements of discourse, interconnected and non-existent outside the discursive field. The material for the study was comprised of the scripts of presidents' public speeches, published in the media and on the official website of the President of Brazil. The author shows that in the discourse of L.I. da Silva, the metaphorical model "governance – playing football" prevails, while in the discourse of J. Bolsonaro dominates the model "governance – marriage". The study stresses that the source sphere of the metaphorical model is represented by a concept that is of high importance both for the personal and national concept sphere, what is consistent with the main goal of the presidential discourse. The paper claims that metaphorical models play an important role in the implementation of the self-presentation strategy by the discourse subject, specifying his role status. The research has proved that this function is implemented due to the use of president's figure as one of the elements of target domain, and the peculiarities are stipulated by the element of source sphere, which is projected upon it.
Lexical Neologisms and Potential Words in the Letters by A.P. Chekhov
Authors:   Pacific National University, Zakharova Julia
Published: October 2022

The article focuses on the process of neologism emergence in the Russian language and speech in the second half of the 19 th century inferred in the letters of A.P. Chekhov. The content of the terms lexical neologism and potential word is determined. The latter is considered in a systematic aspect, from the point of view of the possibility of eliminating lacunae in the lexical composition, which was intensively formed during the period under study. The object of the analysis is those potential words that were in demand among some particular native speakers. The structural types of neologisms, the time of their appearance in the language (speech), the word-forming potential of the productive bases are identified, and the semantics of the derivatives is analyzed. The reasons for neologism emergence in the language system have been determined, including lacunae in the lexical and word-building systems and communicative need for their filling; building new words or changes in lexeme semantics; inserting neologisms in derivational processes. The class of abstract nouns is noted to be actively replenished, and productive word-formation models are claimed to be realized by rooted and potential lexemes. The epistolary heritage of A.P. Chekhov is of great value as material for the "Dictionary of the Russian Language of the 19 th Century", focused on the reflection of not only linguistic, but also speech facts.
Overcoming Strangeness in Translation: International Presentation Discourse of High School
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Mityagina Vera , Fadeeva Marina ,   Volgograd State University
Published: October 2022

This study examines the approaches to defining the notion of strangeness from the standpoints of philosophy, intercultural communication, and translation studies. Depending on intensity of axiological characteristics by such criteria as space, affiliation, trust, and compliance with linguistic norms, strangeness is verbalized by expanding the "own : : other – foreign" opposition. On the textual level, "otherness" and "foreignness" are characterized by borderline, subjective perception of the recipient; meanwhile, it is noted that the translation decision on overcoming strangeness is made directly by the translator as the initial recipient. Interactions with representatives of other countries and cultures are an active part of the academic discourse, defined by the authors as communication in the high school space and its educational, research, and sociocultural areas. This paper focuses on the international presentational discourse of high school, which implements its phatic tasks in the informative texts posted on an educational institutions website in the original and translated versions. As participants of the presentational discourse are inclined to have a dialog, strangeness tends to be perceived as a form of otherness. Its explication in translated texts is performed by full and functionally adequate translation of the units, such as realia, forms of address, neologisms, proper nouns, which communicate unique information and reflect linguacultural peculiarities.
Perceptual and Gradual-Evaluative Paradigms of the Translated Poetic Text
Authors:   Military University of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation, Zhanturina Bakhyt , Kolesnikova Svetlana ,   Moscow Pedagogical State University
Published: October 2022

The article deals with semantic variation in textual, perceptual and gradual-evaluative paradigms in translation of English poetic texts into Russian. The research material is comprised of the poem A sepal – petal – and a thorn written by an American poet Emily E. Dickinson, and three variants of its translation into Russian carried out by T. Stamova, L. Vagurina, A. Pustogarov. The perceptual narrative plan and sense generation in the source text and its translated target textual variants have been studied considering such relevant criteria as cognitive subject, forms of perception, reference and autoreference, and modal gradual-evaluative frame. The integrative power of a text as a unit of upper layer of the language is noted to be manifested in the complex of compositional, content, and formal linguistic factors of text-building within the rhetoric frame of the poem. The key method of linguistic reconstruction of poetic text cognitive element has been applied to describe the cognitive agent as the subject of perception and subject of speech. Its position is determined within perceptual and gradual-evaluative paradigms. The formation of textual paradigms has also been shown to vary crucially in inter-language communication, to deviate in the target textual variants, and cause multiple interpretations of the source-text meaning.
Diachronic and Dialect Variation of English Intensifying Adverbs in the Film Dialogue Discourse: Corpus-Based Study
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Kochetova Larisa , Ilyinova Elena ,   Volgograd State University
Published: October 2022

The article presents a corpus-based study of the diachronic and dialect variations of adverbial intensifiers used as the expression of emotionality that is a key defining feature of interpersonal conversation in the British and American film discourse. Based on the corpora of scripts of British and American feature films released in the 1930–1950s and 1990–2010s, data on the frequency of adverbial intensifiers in the sub-corpora of the English regional varieties of the two periods were obtained and their comparative analysis was carried out to establish the regional specifics and historical dynamics of their use; the collocation profiles of adverbial intensifiers that form syntagmatic units in the dialogic speech of British and American film discourse for each of the studied periods were described; semantic classes and stylistic characteristics of adjectives that form the most frequent collocations with the intensifiers were identified; the pragmalinguistic potential of the intensifiers and adjectives to indicate informality and emotionality in the dialogues of the English film discourse was determined. The diachronic analysis revealed a decline in the occurrences of the standard register intensifiers (terribly, awfully, perfectly, extremely, etc.) with adjectives carrying the semantics of general evaluation, opinion, judgment, and emotionality in both corpora of modern English film discourse. In the 1990–2010s period, the process of renewal is observed in the UK and US film discourse when formerly frequent intensifiers are seen to be replaced by informal adverbs with a maximal degree of emotionality in speakers' attitudes to situations, objects of the surrounding world and the interlocutor, which reflects a trend in preference towards the colloquial and substandard stylistic register. The growth of substandard vocabulary indicates that this trend is in line with the expectations of the English-speaking discursive communities that perceive film discourse as a reflection of authentic face-to-face discursive practices.
Argumentação verbo-visual no gênero textual anúncio publicitário: uma proposta de análise
Authors: Pinto Rosalice , Macagno Fabrizio
Published: October 2022

A análise da argumentação verbo-visual na publicidade é uma área de pesquisa: crucial e problemática. Apesar dessa importância, os métodos ainda utilizados para interpretar e reconstruir a estrutura dos argumentos expressos através de meios verbais e visuais capturam apenas dimensões isoladas desse fenômeno complexo. Este artigo objetiva, assim, apresentar uma metodologia para a reconstrução e análise de argumentos “de modo duplo” em anúncios publicitários, combinando os instrumentos analíticos desenvolvidos pela pragmática, teoria da argumentação, linguística dos textos e dos discursos. Um anúncio publicitário processa-se em cinco etapas. A primeira corresponde à análise do seu contexto, do gênero textual e das imagens (etapa 1). Essas primeiras representações semânticas são mais tarde enriquecidas através da inclusão das suas articulações polifónicas e pressuposições (etapa 2), das suas explicaturas (etapa 3) e das suas funções dialógicas e forças ilocutórias (etapa 4). Essas etapas pragmáticas propiciam a construção de esquemas de argumentação (etapa 5). O desenvolvimento desta metodologia pode vir a ser uma mais-valia para a análise de outros gêneros discursivos verbo-visuais, inclusive aqueles que circulam, na atualidade, nos meios digitais.
Invertebrate bulk sample metabarcoding protocol collection v1
Authors: Buchner Dominik
Published: October 2022

This is a collection of protocols currently used in the LeeseLab to perform invertebrate bulk sample metabarcoding. Feel free to contact us if any questions arise.
Media Brand Reputation in the Digital Milieu: The Effects of Online News Ethics and Logic on Media Brand Image
Authors:   Universitas Bakrie, Indonesia, Wijaya Bambang Sukma , Anitawati Maria Theresia ,   Universitas Bakrie, Indonesia, Suharyanti  ,   Universitas Bakrie, Indonesia, Fortunisa Ananda ,   Universitas Bakrie, Indonesia
Published: October 2022

The reputation of media, especially online media, has lately been receiving considerable attention due to the high numbers of hoaxes and twisted facts in news reporting, causing the credibility to be undermined. Online media are considered only to pursue clicks and shares to reap ads, disregarding aspects of news ethics and logic. News ethics and logic are, in fact, constituents of media brand behaviour. In contrast, brand behaviour per se is a dimension of brand image, meaning that news ethics and logic have implications for the reputation and image of the reporting media. This research examines the following consequences: 1) Do online news content ethics, news context ethics, and news logic significantly positively affect shaping media brand image? 2) Which dimension has the most robust relationship and effect? Using an explanatory survey method, we gathered data through questionnaire dissemination to 74 online news active reader-respondents in Indonesia. The research showed that 1) online news ethics and logic are positively and significantly influential to media brand image, 2) news logic had the most significant effect, followed by news context and content ethics. It signals that aspects of coherence, accuracy, and manipulation in online news are the most 'disturbing' to readers and might harm the media's image. Other aspects include news placement, layout, links in the news context ethics, and verbal, visual, and style elements in news content ethics. Various implications of these results are discussed systematically in journalism practices and media brand reputation. Keywords: Media brand reputation, media brand image, online media, news ethics, news logic.
A New Female Identity in Indonesian Films: A Feminist Critical Discourse on Marlina Si Pembunuh Dalam Empat Babak
Authors:   University of Malaya, Wahyuni Putri , Mohd Adnan Hamedi ,   University of Malaya
Published: October 2022

After the New Order Era (1998-present), women's involvement in the Indonesian film industry increased significantly. Previously, Indonesian cinema conceived more unfavourable content toward women. However, nowadays, women are no longer regarded as forceless and dependent in the eyes of men but as the inspirers who are active and highly educated. They serve as producers, directors, trainers, publicists, and distributors behind the camera. This article contended that these women filmmakers develop a distinct female identity from their male counterparts. It further examined how they establish a distinct feminine identity by incorporating a variety of female characters throughout their films. This study applied Robert Stanton and Sara Mills's analysis technique to filmmaker Mouly Surya's Marlina Si Pembunuh Dalam Empat Babak to demonstrate how she deals with the identification of female characters focused on women's concerns, stereotypic phenomena, and how women use movies to express themselves. The results show that women filmmakers represented the women's revolution in filmmaking. They filmed not only to amuse but also to liberate women from stereotypes and to oppose gender-based violence. Besides, films are also considered an ideological tool for combating men's stereotyped images of women and can be used to increase respect for the issues of women’s marginalisation. Keywords: Female identity, women filmmakers, Indonesian film, feminism, patriarchy.
An Inside-Out Model of Brand Orientation for SME Branding
Authors:   Universiti Utara Malaysia, Mijan Rohana , Md Noor Shuhaida ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Jaafar @ Mustapha Mastura ,   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Briandana Rizki ,   Universitas Mercu Buana, Indonesia
Published: October 2022

The study aims to develop a branding strategy model for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as the industrial revolution 4.0 necessitates the alignment of branding for sustainability. An inside-out model of brand orientation is a comprehensive approach that focuses on strategic brand resources internally, offering an effective branding strategy for SMEs to attain sustainability. This model is essential for SMEs due to the fragmented market segmentation nowadays, and SMEs need to cope by using their internal resources. Thus, it is crucial to ensure they can exploit market opportunities and not lose out in the cloud of digitalisation. This qualitative study relied on data from in-depth interviews with informants from 10 brand-oriented SMEs in Malaysia. The resource-based view (RBV) was applied as the managerial framework, and thematic analysis was used to reveal themes. It was found that the internal strengths and weaknesses of strategic brand resources indicate the creation of a competitive branding strategy. Interestingly, the companies explored not only tangible resources but also intangible resources in creating their branding strategies and communicating those strategies to employees and customers. The model contributes by guiding SMEs in formulating their branding strategies based on their resources. These findings elucidate an option for SMEs to develop their brands based on their existing resources in order to sustain in the market. Keywords: Branding, brand orientation, strategic brand resources, small-medium enterprises.
Framing of Covid-19 Pandemic News in Malaysian Local Newspapers
Authors:   Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Almahallawi Wesam , Abdul Rahim Norhayati Rafida ,   Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
Published: October 2022

As a reliable means for the public, mass media is a critical medium to be used to disseminate information predominantly in crisis. At the end of 2019, the world faced a new pandemic, later known as the COVID-19 pandemic, after scientists identified the virus that caused this infection. The media coverage of this cause accelerated and became more expansive after the spread of a group of shocking pictures of infected cases who died on the roads and streets due to this disease. People have turned to the mass media to find out what was happening, and at the same time, media outlets interacted differently with this pandemic. In particular, this study seeks to reveal the news framing used by the most popular local newspapers in Malaysia. This study, therefore, examines the five mainframes developed by Semetko & Valkenburg: conflict, attribution of responsibility, human interest, economics, and morality. This sampling involves the News Straits Times and The Star from April 1 to April 10, 2022. This study concludes that both newspapers NST and The Star reported the Covid-19 pandemic with all the five generic frames in this order (attribution of responsibility, human interest, economic frame, morality frame, and conflict frame), where the attribution of responsibility frame is the most used frame, and the conflict frame is the least used in both media outlets, the second significant result in this study concludes that NST used these generic frames more than The Star newspaper. Keywords: News framing, Covid-19, newspapers, News Straits Times, Utusan.
Prediction of agricultural drying using multi-layer perceptron network, long short term memory network and regression methods
Authors: KACAR İlyas , KORKMAZ Cem
Published: October 2022

One of the processes used in the production of fertilizers, which has become an important part of agriculture, is the drying process. Determination of proper drying parameters is important both in terms of product quality and production efficiency. Regression methods are used to determine the drying process parameters frequently. In this study, in addition to the regression method, machine learning techniques are also examined such as artificial neural network, long short term memory method. The data obtained from the drying process of a commercial organomineral fertilizer consisting of a mixture of 5% nitrogen and 10% phosphorus at 70˚C, 75˚C, and 80˚C were used for modelling. The simulation results obtained from the models of the methods and the data obtained from the experiments were compared. The predictions and performances of each model were presented. Determination the appropriate drying parameters is It is important for the drying efficiency of the product. In addition, model selection plays an important role in obtaining successful results in drying simulations. As a result, it has been observed that the prediction performance of the model created with the artificial neural network is more successful than the others. While regressions are efficient in modelling existing data, they are not successful in predicting. Moreover, it is not enough to predict the peak and pits in the drying data.
Congolese Refugee Students in Higher Education
Authors: Sadiković Refik
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this study was to explore Congolese refugee students’ experiences in higher education in the United States. In order to understand the challenges Congolese students face in higher education, this study used narrative inquiry methodology to investigate Congolese students’ lived experiences that affected their educational endeavors before and after resettlement to the United States. The study examined personal stories of 10 Congolese students in the Pacific Northwest using semi-structured in-depth interviews, one-on-one follow-up interviews, field notes and two focus group interviews. Using narrative analysis five reoccurring themes were identified and discussed in the findings. The study findings indicate that Congolese students experienced many obstacles and inequitable treatment in higher education after resettlement to the United States. These challenges evolved from a combination of traumatic experiences caused by wars, the lack of opportunities and equitable resources in higher education, unpreparedness of faculty and staff to work with students across cultures, and lack of cultural sensitivity among educators and peers. The study provides recommendations for faculty, staff, and policymakers to provide opportunities and equitable education for all students in higher education in the United States.
Entrepreneurial Technology and Innovation in the Canton of Alausí
Authors: Castillo José Erazo , Peralta Diana Paredes , Alvarado Edison Maldonado , Castillo José Erazo
Published: October 2022

Ecuador is considered an entrepreneurial and innovative country. According to the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) and the Global Entrepreneurship Development Institute (GEDI), the tendency to start a business and innovate in Ecuador is amongst the highest in the world. Thus, this study investigates the latest technological innovations as well as managerial strategies adopted by start-ups in Alausí during the challenging period of the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a descriptive analysis that uses quantitative data collected through a survey of a representative sample of entrepreneurs in Alausí and its surrounding areas. It is also a nonexperimental, cross-sectional study. Moreover, data were analyzed and the main findings suggested that at least a quarter of start-ups adopted new channels for both promoting and commercializing products and services, making use of social media and online platforms such as WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, and Zoom, amongst others. Additionally, it was found that some entrepreneurs went further and took other measures such as reducing working hours and salaries as a way to lower their operating costs and retaining employees, which allowed them to continue operating during the sanitary crisis.
Keywords: business innovation, entrepreneurship, business technology.
Resumen
Ecuador es un país eminentemente emprendedor e innovador, de acuerdo con el (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor - GEM y Global Entrepreneurship Development Institute - GEDI) la tendencia a empezar un negocio e innovar se encuentra entre las más altas del mundo. Por este motivo, se ha considerado un tema coyuntural de interés para la investigación científica que busca determinar las estrategias de innovación tecnológica y administrativa adoptadas por los emprendimientos del cantón Alausí como respuesta a los desafíos presentes en medio de la pandemia. Para lo cual se utilizó el método de enfoque cuantitativo-descriptivo, según el grado de control y aleatoriedad es un diseño no experimental de estudio transversal, que se dió inicio por medio de la revisión de la literatura y la aplicación de encuestas a una muestra representativa de los emprendedores del cantón Alausí. Los datos se analizaron y codificaron de acuerdo a lo propuesto por la metodología, se encontró que la cuarta parte de los emprendimientos adoptó nuevos canales de comercialización y promoción de sus productos y servicios, a través de plataformas digitales y redes sociales como WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram, Zoom, entre otros. Adicionalmente, se determinó que algunos emprendedores adoptaron la reducción de horas de trabajo y el salario como estrategia de optimización de costos operativos, como alternativa de retención a sus empleados, por lo que lograron mantener el funcionamiento de sus operaciones durante la crisis sanitaria.
Palabras Clave: innovación en los negocios, emprendimiento, tecnología en los negocios.
What Causes the Failure of Enterprises in the City of Riobamba?
Authors: Gallegos Heddy Fransheska Cevallos , Palacios Edgar Ariel Herrera , Alejandro Montalvo Abril Xavier , García Inti Javier Terán
Published: October 2022

Ecuador is the second most entrepreneurial country in the region with an Entrepreneurial Activity Rate (EAR) However, at the same time, almost 8 out of 10 ventures fail in their initial stage. Therefore, it is important to determine the cause of failure since it mainly arises from the uncertainty that we as human beings feel. Although a majority of entrepreneurs in Ecuador have good ideas, they also have many doubts, such as: What is the next step? Am I managing my business properly? Is my project really profitable? And not knowing the answers to them can be the decisive factor that marks the success or failure of their venture. Thus, the present research seeks to determine the main reasons for business failures in the city of Riobamba, for which a survey of 21 entrepreneurs from the city was conducted. It was determined that the main factor that entrepreneurs should take into account when starting their businesses is the development of a business plan that can help them in understanding their competition and the targeted market, and to estimate the real value of their investment.
Keywords: business failure, crisis, instability, entrepreneurship, Covid-19.
Resumen
Ecuador es el segundo país más emprendedor en la región con una Tasa de Actividad Emprendedora (TEA), pero a su vez, casi el 80% de los emprendimientos fracasan en su etapa inicial, es decir 8 de cada 10. Para nosotros, es importante determinar las causas del fracaso en los emprendimientos ya que este problema principalmente nace desde la incertidumbre que sentimos los seres humanos. Los emprendedores en nuestro país tienen buenas ideas, pero a su vez, también tienen muchas dudas: ¿Cuál es el siguiente paso? ¿Estoy administrando correctamente mi negocio? ¿Mi proyecto es en realidad rentable?, estas son algunas de las preguntas y el no saber cómo resolverlas puede ser el factor decisivo que marca el éxito o fracaso de un emprendimiento. Es por ello que surge esta idea de investigación ya que es importante determinar cuáles son las causas primordiales por las cuales los emprendimientos fracasan en la ciudad de Riobamba para lo cual hemos realizado una encuesta a 21 emprendedores de la ciudad. Se pudo determinar que el factor principal que los emprendedores deben tener en cuenta en al momento de iniciar su negocio es el desarrollo de un plan de negocios lo que les ayudará a conocer mejor a su competencia, a su mercado y a estimar el valor real de su inversión ya que sin esto solo inician el emprendimiento como una necesidad para generar ingresos, pero como una oportunidad.
Palabras Clave: fracaso empresarial, crisis, inestabilidad, emprendimiento, Covid-19.
Marketing Plan for the Fruit Pulp Produced By the Association 12 de Diciembre del Cantón Naranjito
Authors: Luis Lopez Salazar Jose , Jimena Salao Morocho Lilian , Tixi Dennys Stalin Gusqui
Published: October 2022

This article proposes a marketing plan for the extension of the line of natural frozen fruit pulp in the markets near the Nueva Unión campus such as the Naranjito, Bucay, and Cumandá areas. The marketing plan was developed based on the characterization of the targeted markets and the identification of business opportunities through marketing strategies focused on the product, branding, positioning, price, distribution, marketing, and promotion. The correct application of the plan can help position the pulp of FRUTOS DEL CAMPO fruit produced by the DECEMBER 12 association. Recently, there has been a huge surge in the number of people eating outside due to multiple occupations despite being aware of the importance of healthy eating. The survey of the targeted markets showed that the fruit pulp produced by the association of DECEMBER 12 was majorly demanded and supplied for the preparation of cocktails, ice creams, or juices. This has created opportunities for suppliers generating fruit pulp that facilitate the preparation of these food items and presenting an excellent quality that can satisfy customer requirements.
Keywords: marketing plan, fruit pulp, target market, branding, marketing.
Resumen
El presente documento contiene un plan de mercadeo para extender su mercado a zonas aledañas del recinto Nueva Unión como Naranjito, Bucay y Cumandá con su línea de pulpa de fruta natural congelada, para ello esta investigación asentó su propósito con ánimo de contribuir con información necesaria que permita la caracterización del mercado objetivo y la identificación de oportunidades de negocio mediante estrategias de mercadeo enfocadas en el producto, branding, posicionamiento, precio, distribución, comercialización y promoción que permitan elaborar un plan de mercadeo que mediante su correcta aplicación ayuden a posicionar la pulpa de fruta FRUTOS DEL CAMPO producida en la asociación 12 de DICIEMBRE, ya que en los último años se ha observado un incremento en el número de personas que ingieren alimentos fuera del hogar debido a las múltiples ocupaciones a pesar de que son conscientes de la importancia de alimentarse de una manera sana y saludable. La información contenido es el resultado de una investigación de mercado para la pulpa producida por la asociación 12 de DICIEMBRE determinando la oferta y demanda de pulpa de fruta ya sea para hacer cocteles, helados o jugos, con encuestas aplicadas al mercado al que se pretende expandir, es decir, al mercado meta. Esta situación, ha creado oportunidades para los proveedores, generando materias primas que facilitan la preparación de aquellos alimentos que tienen como materia prima la pulpa de fruta y que a su vez posea una excelente calidad y satisfaga los requerimientos de los clientes.
Palabras Clave: plan de mercadeo, pulpa de fruta, mercado meta, branding, comercialización.
Business Plan for Creating a Training Company for Entrepreneurs in Riobamba
Authors: Logroño D. , López J. , Pomaquero J.
Published: October 2022

In addition to the deep global economic recession, entrepreneurs are currently facing many challenges due to the health crisis caused by COVID-19, which has increased the rate of unemployment in Ecuador. According to the report of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor in the region, Ecuador is the country with the highest rates of entrepreneurship, however, entrepreneurs fail on average three years after starting their businesses. One important reason could be the lack of technical knowledge in business management and entrepreneurship. This research aims to support the technical viability of establishing a company for offering Business Management and Entrepreneurship training to people who wish to start a business in the city of Riobamba. The qualitative research techniques used allowed us to identify the training needs of the entrepreneurs. The results showed a favorable environment that was sustained by means of strategic analysis and the use of the CANVAS model. At the end of the investigation, the economic and financial analyses were positive, which proves the viability of establishing such a company.
Keywords: Ecuador unemployment, entrepreneurship index, entrepreneurial failures, business management, entrepreneur, Riobamba.
Resumen
Actualmente los emprendedores se enfrentan a grandes retos y desafíos debido a la crisis sanitaria por la COVID-19, sumado a ello la profunda recesión económica a nivel global lo que ha provocado mayor desempleo y falta de fuentes de trabajo en el Ecuador. Según el reporte del Monitor Global de Emprendimiento en la región el Ecuador es el país con más altos índices de emprendimiento; sin embargo, los emprendedores fracasan en promedio a los tres años de iniciar su negocio, uno de los factores que incide en ello es la falta de conocimiento técnico en gestión empresarial y emprendimiento. El objetivo de esta investigación es sustentar la viabilidad técnica de la creación de la empresa de servicios de capacitación en Gestión Empresarial y Emprendimiento, enfocado en atender a las personas que deseen emprender en la ciudad de Riobamba, para ello se utilizó técnicas de investigación cualitativas las mismas que permitieron identificar las necesidades de capacitación que poseen los emprendedores. Los resultados mostraron un entorno favorable que fue sustentado por medio de metodologías de análisis estratégico y la utilización del modelo CANVAS, al finalizar la investigación los análisis económicos y financieros fueron positivos, lo cual permitió cumplir con el objetivo de sustentar la viabilidad para la creación de la empresa de servicios de capacitación.
Palabras Clave: desempleo Ecuador, índice de emprendimiento, fracasos emprendedores, gestión empresarial, emprendedor, Riobamba.
Analysis of the Credit Activity of the Popular and Solidarity Financial Sector of Ecuador
Authors: Elizalde Marin Letty , Morales Noriega Adriana , Chamba Bastidas Lenin
Published: October 2022

The objective of this article was to analyze the credit activity of the Popular and Solidarity Financial Sector of Ecuador in the first five-month period of 2021, according to the data generated by the Superintendency of Popular and Solidarity Economy with cuts to the months of January, February, March, April, and May of the same year. The figures of the loan portfolio by the segment of the popular and solidarity financial sector, by economic activity, as well as the distribution of the loan portfolio by segment, type of credit, sex, age range, and level of education were identified and analyzed, which made it possible to know the performance of the credit portfolio in this sector during the time analyzed.
Keywords: popular and solidarity financial sector, credit portfolio, economic activity.
Resumen
Este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar la actividad crediticia del Sector Financiero Popular y Solidario del Ecuador del primer quinquemestre del año 2021, según los datos generados por la Superintendencia de Economía Popular y Solidaria con corte a los meses de enero, febrero, marzo, abril y mayo del mismo año. Se identificaron y analizaron las cifras de la cartera de crédito por segmento del sector financiero popular y solidario, por actividad económica, así como la distribución de la cartera de crédito por segmento, por tipo de crédito, por sexo, rango etario y nivel de instrucción, lo que permitió conocer el desempeño de la cartera de crédito de este sector del tiempo analizado.
Palabras Clave: sector financiero popular y solidario, cartera de crédito, actividad económica.