bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic insights into innate immunity responding to red rot disease in red alga Pyropia yezoensis
Authors: Tang Lei , Qiu Liping , Liu Cong , Mo Zhaolan , Mao Yunxiang
Published: August 2019

Pyropia yezoensis , one of the most economically important marine algae, suffers from the biotic stress of oomycete necrotrophic pathogen Pythium porphyrae . However, little is known about the molecular defensive mechanisms employed by Pyr. yezoensis during the infection process. In the present study, we defined three stages of infection based on the histopathological features and photosynthetic physiology. Transcriptomic analysis was carried out at different stages of infection to identify the genes related to the innate immune system in Pyr. yezoensis . In total, 2139 up-regulated genes and 1672 down-regulated genes were identified from all the infected groups. Three up-regulated genes encoding extracellular lectin domains (one C-type lectin gene and two L-type lectin genes) were predicted to be p attern r ecognition r eceptors (PRRs) that activate PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). Several defense mechanisms that were typically regarded as PTI in plants were induced during the infection. These include defensive and protective enzymes, heat shock proteins, secondary metabolites, cellulase, and protease inhibitors. Twenty-three genes that encode typical plant R protein domains (LRR, NBS, or TIR) were found to be up-regulated after infection. They were likely to be regarded as candidates of putative R proteins in Pyr. yezoensis . As a part of E ffector- t riggered i mmunity (ETI), expression of genes related to the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and hypersensitive cell death response (HR) increased significantly during the infection. The current study suggests that, similar to plants, Pyr. yezoensis possesses a relatively complete innate immune system to counter the invasion of necrotrophic pathogen Pyt. porphyrae . However, innate immunity genes of Pyr. yezoensis appear to be more ancient in origin compared to that in plants.
Modelling the emergence of cognitive styles
Authors: Liedtke Jannis , Fromhage Lutz
Published: August 2019

Individuals consistently differ in behaviour, exhibiting so-called personalities. In many species, individuals differ also in their cognitive abilities. When personalities and cognitive abilities occur in distinct combinations, they can be described as ‘cognitive styles’. Both empirical and theoretical investigations produced contradicting or mixed results regarding the complex interplay between cognitive styles and environmental conditions. Here we use individual based simulations to show that, under just slightly different environmental conditions, different cognitive styles exist and under a variety of conditions, can also co-exist. Co-existences are based on individual specialization on different resources, or, more generally speaking, on individuals adopting different niches or microhabitats. The results presented here suggest that in many species, individuals of the same population may adopt different cognitive styles. Thereby the present study may help to explain the variety of styles described in previous studies and why different, sometimes contradicting, results have been found under similar conditions.
Effect of Panretinal Photocoagulation on Macular and Disc Vasculature using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Faghihi Houshang , Riazi-Esfahani Hamid , Khodabandeh Alireza , Mirshahi Ahmad , Ghasemi Fariba , Mirshahi Reza , Khojasteh Hassan , Bazvand Fatemeh , Torkashvand Ali , Hashemi Amirhossein , Tayebi Fereshteh , Faghihi Shahin , Esfahani Mohammad Riazi
Published: August 2019

Background: To evaluate the changes of macular vascular density in the superficial capillary (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus (DCP), Foveal avascular area (FAZ), choroidal flow, macular thickness and parapapillary flow after panretinal photocoagulation (PRP).Method: In this prospective interventional non-comparative case series, patients with very severe nonproliferative (NPDR) and early proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and no significant macular edema who were candidates for panretinal photocoagulation underwent measurement of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) at the baseline (1–5 days before PRP), 1, and 5 to 7 months following completion of PRP treatment.Results: Thirty-nine eyes from 21 patients with diabetes were enrolled. foveal SCP (P > 0.1), foveal DCP (P > 0.1), parafoveal SCP (P > 0.1), and parafoveal DCP (P > 0.1) did not change 1 month and 6 months after PRP. The parafoveal inner retina thick slab density was significantly decreased at 6 months after PRP (p=0.015). Deep FAZ area constricted 6 months following PRP (P = 0.075). Based on calculated circularity index, the FAZ area became significantly more circular. (P=0.047). One month after PRP the inside disc vascular density was significantly increased from baseline (p=0.041); while, it was decreased to lower than baseline amount, 6 months after PRP .Conclusion: Although OCTA parameters were not significantly affected by PRP at both short- (1-month) long-term (6-month) follow-up, but FAZ area may be become more circular and regular after PRP may be due to reflow of occluded capillary plexus.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease and the Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Lian Wen-Qing , Huang Hong-Xing , Li Fa-Jiang , Chen Liang-Hua
Published: August 2019

Purpose This meta-analysis aims to assess the prostate cancer risk in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Methods A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library databases for eligible studies published before April 2019. Pooled relative ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated to evaluate the relationship between history of IBD and prostate cancer risk. Results Fourteen publications involving thirteen cohort studies were eligible. The meta-analysis showed that IBD markedly elevated risk of prostate cancer (RR 1.36, 95% CI 1.11-1.67). Subgroup analysis by subtype of IBD showed that ulcerative colitis was associated with a statistically significant increase in risk of prostate cancer (RR 1.30, 95%CI 1.09-1.55), while Crohn's disease was not (RR 1.09, 95%CI 0.90-1.34). Conclusion The present meta-analysis indicates that IBD increases the risk of prostate cancer, particularly in ulcerative colitis men. More prospective cohort studies are required to confirm our findings.
Comparison of prognosis according to tumor size in papillary thyroid carcinoma with lateral cervical node metastasis
Authors: Lee Kwan Ho , Yun Ji Sup , Kim Eun Young , Park Chan Heun , Park Yong Lai
Published: August 2019

Background: Lateral lymph node metastasis (LNM), which significantly impacts papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients’ prognosis, occurs not uncommonly in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC). PTMC is known to have a much better prognosis than non-PTMC, but it has not been known whether there is such a difference even with lateral LNM.
Methods: This retrospective study included a series of 3336 consecutive PTC patients who underwent thyroidectomy. Of them, 206 had lateral LNM and were divided into the PTMC and non-PTMC groups by tumor size (1-cm) for comparing the prevalence of prognostic factors.
Results: LNM was in 157/1131 (13.9%) non-PTMC patients and 49/2205 (2.2%) PTMC patients. Eleven of the 206 (5.3%) lateral LNM cases not found on US were only seen on computed tomography. The prevalence of prognostic factors which include an age of >55 years, >5 metastatic lymph nodes (LNs), high metastatic-to-examined LN ratio, and large metastatic LNs (>3 cm) were not significantly different between PTMC and non PTMC group.
Conclusions: In PTC with lateral LNM, the prognosis is likely to be similar regardless of tumor size. Considering the modest risk of lateral LNM in PTMC, FNA and detailed radiologic for small tumor should be encouraged.
Chemotherapy burden of risk-adapted treatment verse surveillance for clinical stage I pediatric testicular cancer: A decision tree model analysis
Authors: Ye Yunlin , Li Hong-chao , Zhang Ji , Liang Hai-tao , Qin Zike , Bian Jun
Published: August 2019

Background

Different from adult clinical stage I (CS1) testicular cancer, surveillance was recommended for CS1 pediatric testicular cancer. This study was to compare chemotherapy exposure between risk-adapted treatment and surveillance in CS1 pediatric testicular cancer.Methods

We collected clinical utilities from literature and survey. Using decision analysis model, we compared chemotherapy exposure between risk-adapted treatment and surveillance and sensitivity analysis was performed.Results

In base case decision analysis of CS1 pediatric testicular cancer, risk-adapted treatment preferred lower exposure of chemotherapy than surveillance (average: 0.7965 cycle verse 1.3419 cycles). The sensitivity analysis demonstrated that when relapse rate after primary chemotherapy ≤0.10 and the relapse rate of high-risk group ≥0.40, risk-adapted treatment would expose lower chemotherapy, without association of the proportion of low-risk patients, the relapse rate of low-risk group, relapse rate after salvage chemotherapy and toxicity utility of second-line chemotherapy compared to salvage chemotherapy.Conclusion

Decision analysis demonstrated that risk-adapted treatment was associated with lower exposure of chemotherapy for patients with CS1 pediatric testicular cancer. This might decrease chemotherapy-related toxicity for these high-risk patients and further clinical study was needed.
Association Between a Functional Polymorphism in the MAOA Gene and Both Emotional Coping Style and Neuroticism
Authors: Lopez-Leon Sandra , Forero Diego A. , Adan Ana
Published: August 2019

Objective: Identification of genetic risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) represents a major challenge around the world. Molecular studies of endophenotypes associated with MDD, such as personality traits and coping, are useful for the identification of candidate genes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible association between a functional polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene and scores in coping and neuroticism in young adults. Results: A sample of 251 healthy young participants from Colombia were evaluated with the short forms of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS-SF) and the Big Five Inventory (BFI-S) and genotyped for MAOA-VNTR polymorphism. A statistically significant association of the functional MAOA-VNTR for scores in both emotion-oriented coping and neuroticism was found. Individuals carrying the 4 allele (3/4 or 4/4 genotypes) had higher scores for both emotion-oriented coping and neuroticism than individuals with a 3/3 genotype. Our results are the first description about a significant association between a functional polymorphism in the MAOA gene and coping and add evidence to the association of this gene with neuroticism. Our findings support the hypothesis of a broad effect of the MAOA gene on several dimensions of human behavior of psychiatric relevance.
Usare le parole per gestire situazioni di conflitto alla scuola primaria
Authors: Ferrari Stefania
Published: August 2019

Questo contributo illustra i risultati di un’indagine esplorativa relativa alle modalità di gestione verbale di situazioni di conflitto da parte di bambini della scuola primaria. L’analisi mira a rilevare come gli allievi monolingui e plurilingui di 7-8 anni gestiscono l’atto di protesta in italiano nell’interazione tra pari. Oltre a descrivere alcuni degli usi pragmatici dei bambini delle classi multilingui coinvolte, l’osservazione sperimentale ha l’obiettivo di offrire indicazioni ai docenti per sviluppare interventi didattici rivolti a questa fascia d’età.
Review: Shively, Rachel (2018). Learning and using conversational humor in a second language during study abroad. Berlin, Germany: de Gruyter.
Authors: De los Heros Susana
Published: August 2019

This book review focuses on the monographic volume, Learning and using conversational humor in a second language during study abroad, written by Rachel Shively (Illinois State University) and published in 2018 by de Gruyter.  The book offers a thorough ethnographic study of L2 Spanish students' use and appropriation of conversational humor and humorous strategies during a semester abroad in Toledo, Spain.  Shively also discusses the pedagogical implications of her study and provides practical examples of how humor can be introduced in the L2 classroom.
Reduction of chlorate and regeneration of activated carbon used for chlorate adsorption
Authors: Lakshmanan Shyam , Yung Yen Li
Published: August 2019

Activated carbon (AC) from coal, coconut and palm kernel shell was regenerated after adsorbing chlorate from chlor-alkali plant brine solutions. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) of 17% w/w concentration showed the ability to regenerate AC, with some chlorine gas being released. Regeneration with HCl yielded enhanced adsorption of chlorate. AC from coconut shell adsorbed chlorate better than coal and palm kernel shell AC. Higher chlorate concentration in the influent and lower influent pH resulted in better adsorption. Regeneration of the AC with 17% w/w HCl reduced chlorate to chlorine derivatives. The AC released 107 mg/g of chlorine during the first regeneration and 160–178 mg/g after the second regeneration. During regeneration, coal AC released the highest amount of chlorine at 0.51–0.59 mg/g of chlorate adsorbed followed by palm kernel shell with 0.34–0.36 mg/g, while coconut shell AC released 0.18 mg/g. Scanning electron micrograph of the coconut shell AC carried out after each regeneration showed the structure of AC remained intact, with active sites surfacing on the regenerated AC. Using AC for chlorate adsorption followed by regeneration with 17% w/w HCl may reduce the release of brine and chlorate to the environment from chlor-alkali plants.
Effects of biocrusts and rainfall characteristics on runoff generation in the Mu Us Desert, northwest China
Authors: Guan Hongjie , Cao Rongjiang
Published: August 2019

How the presence of biocrusts regulates runoff generation in the Mu Us Desert is not well known. Runoff experiments under natural and artificial rainfalls and numerical simulations were conducted in semiarid environments to evaluate the effects of biocrust type and rainfall characteristics on runoff. The experimental results showed that the water drop penetration time (WDPT) of the moss-dominated biocrusts was 68.7% higher than that of lichen-dominated biocrusts. Nevertheless, the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) for moss-dominated biocrusts was 72.7% lower than that for the lichen-dominated biocrusts. Runoff yield for moss-dominated biocrusts was significantly higher than that for lichen-dominated biocrusts. Runoff yield was mainly explained by rainfall amount (or maximum 5-min rainfall intensity, I5max) (P < 0.001) and WDPT (P = 0.001). The influences of biocrust type, rainfall intensity, and their interaction on runoff coefficient were significant at the probability level of 0.01. The results of numerical simulations concluded that surface runoff was generated for lichen- and moss-dominated biocrusts when rainfall intensity reached 73.5 and 49 mm h–1, respectively. Runoff coefficient in the moss-covered soil increased obviously when rainfall intensity changed from 49 to 73.5 mm h–1. The results suggest that runoff could be changed substantially under increasing trends in rainfall intensity in the Mu Us Desert.
O banzo ao ler as obras de Achille Mbembe
Authors: CABRAL Rosângela Jacinto
Published: August 2019

Este ensaio tem como objetivo proporcionar reflexões acerca da inserção das obras do autor Achille Mbembe como referência na Universidade. Em cima disso são trazidos questionamentos de como essas obras estão sendo absorvidas e pensadas no contexto atual, do ponto de vista de uma autora também negra. Problematizando em cima do que Mbembe produz conclui-se que, os mecanismos de poder e discurso de saberes de mais de 500 anos atrás, são os mesmos usados ainda hoje em dia pela sociedade.
Quercetin Actions on Lipid Profiles in Overweight and Obese Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Guo Wenfang , Gong Xue , Li Minhui
Published: August 2019

Background:

The lipid profile is associated with metabolic diseases in overweight and obese individuals.
Quercetin treatment is suggested to reduce the risk factors for obesity.

Objective:

The aim of the literature meta-analysis was to determine the range of doses of quercetin administration
on plasma lipid levels in overweight and obese human subjects.

Methods:

Articles searched on EMBASE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science through March 20,
2019, were reviewed independently using predetermined selection criteria. The Cochrane collaboration’s tool for
assessing risk of bias was used to assess the quality of the included trials. Heterogeneity was measured using
Cochran's Q test and the I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and the standardized
mean difference (SMD) was considered for measuring the overall effect size.

Results:

Of 176 articles reviewed, 9 randomized clinical trials were selected based on the inclusion criteria. The
pooled results for the effect of quercetin administration on LDL-cholesterol (SMD: -002; 95% CI: -0.15–0.11),
HDL-cholesterol (SMD: -0.06; 95% CI: -0.19–0.07), triglycerides (SMD: 0.05; 95% CI: -0.08–0.18), and total
cholesterol (SMD: 0.04; 95% CI: -0.09–0.17) were not significantly different from the control group results.
Quercetin administration at doses of ≥250 mg/day (SMD: -0.58 ; 95% CI: -0.94–-0.22) and total dose ≥14,000 mg
(SMD: -0.58 ; 95% CI: -0.94–-0.22) significantly reduced LDL levels; however, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides,
and total cholesterol levels remained unchanged (p > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Quercetin administration does not affect plasma lipid levels in overweight and obese individuals.
However, it significantly reduces LDL-cholesterol levels at doses of ≥250 mg/day and total dose ≥14000 mg.
Recent Advances in the Discovery of Novel HSP90 Inhibitors: An Update from 2014
Authors: Xiao Yan , Liu Yajun
Published: August 2019

HSP90 is a member of the family of heat shock proteins responsible for folding proteins into
mature conformations and thus maintaining their biological function in cells. Since it is involved in
all hallmarks of cancer, HSP90 has been considered as a promising drug target for cancer therapy.
Eighteen HSP90 inhibitors have entered clinical trials, however, none has been approved by the FDA.
There is still a great need for novel HSP90 inhibitors with strong anticancer activity and good safety
profile. In the past several years, many new molecules were identified as HSP90 inhibitors and some
of them have shown promising pharmacological profiles in preclinical evaluations. In this review,
HSP90 inhibitors identified from 2014 to date are summarized and their design strategies, chemical
structures, and biological activities are reviewed. The inhibitors are categorized by their different target
domains and selectivity as N-terminal, C-terminal, and isoform-selective HSP90 inhibitors.
A Case Series of Malign Hyperechoic Breast Lesions
Authors: Yilmaz Temel Fatih , Sari Lütfullah , Temur Hafize Otçu , Toprak Hüseyin , Yildiz Şeyma
Published: August 2019

Background::

Hyperechoic breast lesions are a rare group of breast masses in routine
practice. Most of these lesions are benign. However, they rarely may be malignant. Hyperechoic
lesions can be evaluated using the same criteria for malignant lesions. Clinical history, mammographic
appearance, and certain sonographic features (non-circumscribed margins, irregular shape,
presence of hypoechoic areas, nonparallel orientation, and association with microcalcifications
can be suggestive of malignancy). In this article, hyperechoic breast lesions with malignant pathology
have been presented.

Methods: :

Seven cases during breast ultrasound examination were detected.

Results::

Four patients had invasive ductal carcinoma, 1 patient had invasive lobular carcinoma, 1
patient had high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and 1 patient had lymphoma. Ultrasonography
of the breast showed a heterogeneous appearance in all the patients, microcalcification in
two patients, and an ambiguous contour in one patient.

Conclusion::

Hyperechoic breast lesions should be evaluated using specific sonographic criteria to
prevent misdiagnosis and identify patients who require biopsy and further examination.
Effect of Acyclovir Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Infection in an Animal Model of HSV-1 Infection
Authors: Kondel Ritika , Shafiq Nusrat , Kaur Indu P. , Singh Mini P. , Pandey Avaneesh K. , Ratho Radha K. , Malhotra Samir
Published: August 2019

Background:

Acyclovir use is limited by a high frequency of administration of five times a day and low bioavailability. This leads to poor patient compliance.

Objectives:

To overcome the problem of frequent dosing, we used nanotechnology platform to evaluate the proof of concept of substituting multiple daily doses of acyclovir with a single dose.

Methods:

Acyclovir was formulated as solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN). The nanoparticles were characterized for particle size, surface charge and morphology and in vitro drug release. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic of SLN acyclovir were compared with conventional acyclovir in a mouse model.

Results:

SLN showed drug loading of 90.22% with 67.44% encapsulation efficiency. Particle size was found to be of 131 ± 41.41 nm. In vitro drug release showed 100% release in SIF in 7 days. AUC0-∞ (119.43 ± 28.74 μg/ml h), AUMC0-∞ (14469 ± 4261.16 μg/ml h) and MRT (120.10 ± 9.21 h) were significantly higher for ACV SLN as compared to ACV AUC0-∞ (12.22 ± 2.47 μg/ml h), AUMC0-∞ (28.78 ± 30.16 μg/ml h) and MRT (2.07 ± 1.77 h), respectively (p<0.05). In mouse model, a single dose of ACV SLN was found to be equivalent to ACV administered as 400mg TID for 5 days in respect to lesion score and time of healing.

Conclusion:

The proof of concept of sustained-release acyclovir enabling administration as a single dose was thus demonstrated.
A cross-cultural analysis of female protagonist on selecting novel of chitra banarjee divakaruni and bharati mukherjee
Authors: Sankar G. , Prabhavathi J. , Sankarakumar S.
Published: August 2019

In the 21st century, women's writing in English has been considered as a powerful medium of modernism and feminist proclamation in the contemporary society of patriarchy life. The last two decades have witnessed extraordinary success in feminist writings of Indian English literature even Today is the generation of those women writers who are rich and have been educated in the West. Hence, this paper examines to analysis the cross-cultural values and divulgences of female protagonist’s of the great diasporic writers Chitra Banarjee Divakaruni and Bharati Mukherjee select novels. It also discussed the problems of women and in their suppressions in our post-modern society how they lost their identity and how do they feel their separation of culture from native land to an alien land.
Brain and learning on adolescence stage
Authors: Vasquez Brenda Stefania Guale , Martinez Carlos Julio Bastidas , Martinez María Elena Moya , Vasquez María Angelica Indacochea
Published: August 2019

Research shows adolescent learning by analyzing brain development at the age of 10 to 19 years. A literature review method has used in the investigation from 1997 to 2019 with the aim of demonstrating the incidence of the brain in the teaching system. An analysis of the conceptualization of adolescence, brain, learning, behavior has shown; where several authors who have studied the subject have analyzed. In addition, the behavior of people influences the teaching process, for this reason, shows the psychosocial characteristics of the adolescent that give rise to the design and predisposition of the use of innovative methodologies to teach classes in educational institutions. The study of the brain and learning, adolescence, generalities and psychosocial characteristics of the adolescent will help in the intervention and prevention of future social problems that many teenagers are currently affected. Understanding a teenager is complex; but if you can know what you like, what you want, this will serve to be able to interact with your same ideals and reach meaningful and valid teaching.
Learning problems on brain disorders
Authors: Chávez Elvira Judith Mero , Pibaque Willian Liborio Delgado , Chávez Washington Javier Mero , López María Mercedes López
Published: August 2019

The learning problems have aimed at identifying the disorders or disorders of the brain, that has perceived as conflicts of the cognitive system prevent the acquisition of significant knowledge. Among the most frequent problems are mentioned three: Dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia that make it impossible for students to increase reading, writing and mathematical processes, causing disadvantages in the development of skills and abilities. The need for teachers in pedagogical interventions has raised, since they work in conjunction with psychologists and psychologists in order to take control from the detection of a problem and progress, identifying weaknesses and strengths that facilitate the proper application of pedagogical techniques and methods. The methodology applied in this investigation was inductive-deductive, emphasizing the study of problems from the particular to the general and included techniques such as survey, interview, control cards, and observation card. This will have a significant impact on society as critical, analytical and reflective students have formed, who develop in the educational, family and social environment.
Factors of photovoltaic system cost affect in Ecuador
Authors: Mantuano Janner Leonel Santos , Vera Mario Javier Carreño , Cedeño Ever Nevárez
Published: August 2019

A photovoltaic system is a set of devices that take advantage of the energy produced by the sun and convert it into electrical energy. The impact produced by the possibility of using solar energy in a controlled manner for different uses and purposes has allowed the development of complete systems of transformation, storage and distribution of the energy produced with photovoltaic systems as appropriate. The production of electricity from solar radiation using solar cells and photovoltaic panels is an application that has yet fully disseminated in Third World countries, such as Ecuador. The generation of electric power will depend on the hours that the sun shines and affects the solar panel, the type and quantity of modules installed, orientation, inclination, solar radiation that reaches them, quality of the installation and the power that can be delivered to the user. Ecuador is in a privileged location in terms of solar radiation, because the equatorial line that divides the planet into two hemispheres passes through it, being almost perpendicular to the radiation it receives. In addition, this does not change during the year and there a constant angle of incidence, characteristics that give photovoltaic solar energy a great potential for use. In the investigation, an analysis of how the prices of photovoltaic systems affect the Province of Manabí, the methodology used has been the bibliographic review to know as much as possible about what replenishes the costs of photovoltaic systems.
Attracting Users to Online Health Communities: Analysis of LungCancer.net’s Facebook Advertisement Campaign Data
Authors: Horrell Lindsey N , Lazard Allison J , Bhowmick Amrita , Hayes Sara , Mees Susan , Valle Carmina G
Published: August 2019

Background

With growing numbers of adults turning to the internet to get answers for health-related questions, online communities provide platforms with participatory networks to deliver health information and social support. However, to optimize the benefits of these online communities, these platforms must market effectively to attract new members and promote community growth.

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the engagement results of Facebook advertisements designed to increase membership in the LungCancer.net online community.

Methods

In the fall of 2017, a series of 5 weeklong Facebook advertisement campaigns were launched targeting adults over the age of 18 years with an interest in lung cancer to increase opt ins to the LungCancer.net community (ie, the number of people who provided their email to join the site).

Results

The advertisements released during this campaign had a sum reach of 91,835 people, and 863 new members opted into the LungCancer.net community by providing their email address. Females aged 55 to 64 years were the largest population reached by the campaign (31,401/91,835; 34.29%), whereas females aged 65 and older were the largest population who opted into the LungCancer.net community (307/863; 35.57%). A total of US $1742 was invested in the Facebook campaigns, and 863 people opted into LungCancer.net, resulting in a cost of US $2.02 per new member.

Conclusions

This research demonstrates the feasibility of using Facebook advertising to promote and grow online health communities. More research is needed to compare the effectiveness of various advertising approaches. Public health professionals should consider Facebook campaigns to effectively connect intended audiences to health information and support.
Reduced Hospitalizations, Emergency Room Visits, and Costs Associated with a Web-Based Health Literacy, Aligned-Incentive Intervention: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Greene Jeffrey C , Haun Jolie N , French Dustin D , Chambers Susan L , Roswell Robert H
Published: August 2019

Background

The association between health literacy and health care costs, particularly for hospitalizations and emergency room services, has been previously observed. Health information interventions aimed at addressing the negative impacts of inadequate health literacy are needed. The MedEncentive Mutual Accountability and Information Therapy (MAIT) Program is a Web-based system designed to improve health and lower costs by aligning patient-doctor incentives.

Objective

In this mixed methods study of a Web-based patient-doctor aligned-incentive, information therapy program conducted in an 1800-member employee health plan, we aimed to (1) determine the program’s quantitative impact on hospitalization and emergency room utilization and costs, and (2) assess survey responses about the program’s perceived value.

Methods

We used a mixed methods, single within-group, pre-post, descriptive study design. We analyzed quantitative data using pre-post mean utilization and cost differences and summarized the data using descriptive statistics. We used open-ended electronic survey items to collect descriptive data and analyzed them using thematic content analysis.

Results

Hospitalizations and emergency room visits per 1000 decreased 32% (26.5/82.4) and 14% (31.3/219.9), respectively, after we implemented the program in 2015-2017, relative to 2013-2014. Correspondingly, the plan’s annual per capita expenditures declined US $675 (95% CI US $470-865), or 10.8% ($675/$6260), after program implementation in 2015-2017 (US $5585 in 2013-2014 dollars), relative to the baseline years of 2013-2014 (US $6260; P<.05). Qualitative findings suggested that respondents valued the program, benefiting from its educational and motivational aspects to better self-manage their health.

Conclusions

Analyses suggested that the reported reductions in hospitalizations, emergency room visits, and costs were associated with the program. Qualitative findings indicated that targeted users perceived value in participating in the MAIT Program. Further research with controls is needed to confirm these outcomes and more completely understand the health improvement and cost-containment capabilities of this Web-based health information, patient-doctor, aligned-incentive program.
Adherence and Satisfaction of Smartphone- and Smartwatch-Based Remote Active Testing and Passive Monitoring in People With Multiple Sclerosis: Nonrandomized Interventional Feasibility Study
Authors: Midaglia Luciana , Mulero Patricia , Montalban Xavier , Graves Jennifer , Hauser Stephen L , Julian Laura , Baker Michael , Schadrack Jan , Gossens Christian , Scotland Alf , Lipsmeier Florian , van Beek Johan , Bernasconi Corrado , Belachew Shibeshih , Lindemann Michael
Published: August 2019

Background

Current clinical assessments of people with multiple sclerosis are episodic and may miss critical features of functional fluctuations between visits.

Objective

The goal of the research was to assess the feasibility of remote active testing and passive monitoring using smartphones and smartwatch technology in people with multiple sclerosis with respect to adherence and satisfaction with the FLOODLIGHT test battery.

Methods

People with multiple sclerosis (aged 20 to 57 years; Expanded Disability Status Scale 0-5.5; n=76) and healthy controls (n=25) performed the FLOODLIGHT test battery, comprising active tests (daily, weekly, every two weeks, or on demand) and passive monitoring (sensor-based gait and mobility) for 24 weeks using a smartphone and smartwatch. The primary analysis assessed adherence (proportion of weeks with at least 3 days of completed testing and 4 hours per day passive monitoring) and questionnaire-based satisfaction. In-clinic assessments (clinical and magnetic resonance imaging) were performed.

Results

People with multiple sclerosis showed 70% (16.68/24 weeks) adherence to active tests and 79% (18.89/24 weeks) to passive monitoring; satisfaction score was on average 73.7 out of 100. Neither adherence nor satisfaction was associated with specific population characteristics. Test-battery assessments had an at least acceptable impact on daily activities in over 80% (61/72) of people with multiple sclerosis.

Conclusions

People with multiple sclerosis were engaged and satisfied with the FLOODLIGHT test battery. FLOODLIGHT sensor-based measures may enable continuous assessment of multiple sclerosis disease in clinical trials and real-world settings.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02952911; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02952911
The effect of Baduanjin sequential therapy on the quality of life and cardiac function in patients with acute myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention：A randomized controlled trial (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Ming-Gui , Liang Xuefei , Kong Lili , Wang Jingjing , Wang Fangfang , Hu Xiyan , He Jianzhuo , Zeng Rui-Xiang , Mao Shuai , Guo Liheng , Zhang Min-Zhou , Zhang Xiaoxuan
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a serious type of coronary artery disease (CAD) with the potential for substantial morbidity and mortalit. Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an effective treatment. However, most patients still suffer from angina pectoris, anxiety, depression and reduced cardiac function after PCI.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Baduanjin sequential therapy (BST) on the quality of life and cardiac function in patients with AMI after PCI.

METHODS

The study was a randomized controlled trial. Patients with AMI after PCI randomly assigned to a BST group (N = 48) or a control group (N = 48). The BST exercise consists of the sitting and standing forms. The sitting Baduanjin was conducted twice a day in the hospital, for 30 min/session. After the patient was discharged from the hospital, the standing Baduanjin was performed fifth weekly, lasting up to 24-weeks, for 30 min/session. The control group received usual care without Baduanjin. The primary outcomes were the changes of SF-36 subscales. Secondary outcomes included measures of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF), N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP), the Body Mass Index (BMI) and the abdominal circumference.

RESULTS

Of the 96 participants, 82 total patients completed the entire study. At 12 weeks, Role Physical and Health Transition of SF-36 were significantly different between the two groups, with a difference of 26.12 [95% CI, 11.59 to 40.64] in Role physical and a difference of 15.94 [95% CI, 5.60 to 26.28] in Health Transition (p<0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences in all aspects of SF-36 between the two groups at 24 weeks (p<0.05). The BST also lowered the abdominal circumference and BMI as compared with control group. In the 24-week follow-up, a significant difference was found in the decline of the LVEF in control group (p=0.020),while there was non-significant difference in the BST group (p=0.552). Compared with control group, the BST group reduced 50pg/ml on the NT-Pro-BNP at 24 weeks(p=0.013). The effects of BST exercise were maintained at 24weeks after the intervention. No serious adverse events were observed.

CONCLUSIONS

The BST appears to improve the quality of life in patients with AMI, with additional benefits of lowered the abdominal circumference and BMI and improved the level of cardiac function.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinical Trials.gov:NCT02693795. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/ show/NCT02693795?term=NCT02693795&rank=1.
Development and evaluation of a mobile phone application designed to support physically inactive employees to increase walking (Preprint)
Authors: Nicholas Joanna , Thøgersen-Ntoumani Cecilie , Smith Brendan , Quested Eleanor , Ntoumanis Nikos
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Physical inactivity is a global health concern. mHealth interventions have become increasingly popular, but to date, principles of effective communication from Self-Determination Theory have not been integrated with behavior change techniques to optimize app effectiveness.

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated the usability of the START app, an app combining SDT principles and 17 purposefully chosen BCTs to support inactive office employees to increase their walking during a 16-week randomized controlled trial. We aimed to explore acceptability, engagement with, and effectiveness of the app in supporting behavior change.

METHODS

Insufficiently physically active employees (M age =44.21 ± 10.95 years; BMI = 29.02 ± 5.65) were provided access and instructions on use of the app. A mixed methods design was used to evaluate the app, including the User Mobile App Rating Scale, app engagement data, step counts, and individual interviews. Linear mixed modeling and inductive thematic analysis were used to analyze quantitative and qualitative data, respectively.

RESULTS

Walkers rated the app quality favorably (M=3.68 out of 5). Frequency of entering step counts (i.e., frequency of self-monitoring) on a weekly basis positively predicted weekly step counts measured via Fitbits at both the between-and within-individual levels. App features (entering daily step counts, reminders, and motivational messages) were perceived to assist walkers in fostering goal achievement by building competence and via self-monitoring.

CONCLUSIONS

The START app may be a useful component of walking interventions designed to increase walking in the workplace. Apps designed to promote walking behavior may be more effective if they target users’ self-determined motivation for behavior change and integrate BCTs.

CLINICALTRIAL

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR).
Trial registration number: ACTRN12618000807257
http://www.ANZCTR.org.au/ACTRN12618000807257.aspx
Improving Team-Based Decision Making Using Data Analytics and Informatics: Protocol for a Collaborative Decision Support Design (Preprint)
Authors: Roosan Don , Law Anandi V , Karim Mazharul , Roosan Moom
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

According to the September 2015 Institute of Medicine report, Improving Diagnosis in Health Care, each of us is likely to experience one diagnostic error in our lifetime, often with devastating consequences. Traditionally, diagnostic decision making has been the sole responsibility of an individual clinician. However, diagnosis involves an interaction among interprofessional team members with different training, skills, cultures, knowledge, and backgrounds. Moreover, diagnostic error is prevalent in the interruption-prone environment, such as the emergency department, where the loss of information may hinder a correct diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE

The overall purpose of this protocol is to improve team-based diagnostic decision making by focusing on data analytics and informatics tools that improve collective information management.

METHODS

To achieve this goal, we will identify the factors contributing to failures in team-based diagnostic decision making (aim 1), understand the barriers of using current health information technology tools for team collaboration (aim 2), and develop and evaluate a collaborative decision-making prototype that can improve team-based diagnostic decision making (aim 3).

RESULTS

Between 2019 to 2020, we are collecting data for this study. The results are anticipated to be published between 2020 and 2021.

CONCLUSIONS

The results from this study can shed light on improving diagnostic decision making by incorporating diagnostics rationale from team members. We believe a positive direction to move forward in solving diagnostic errors is by incorporating all team members, and using informatics.
The validity of Visual Blood Loss Estimation in Postpartum Hemorrhage in Shanghai Hospitals: A Web-based Survey (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Ying , Cheng Weiwei , Shen Ying , Rao Lin , Zhu Wei , Li Hong
Published: August 2019

BACKGROUND

Postpartum Hemorrhage has been recognized as the most fatal factor in maternal death. Yet midwives can barely distinguish whether the blood loss has reached a life-threatening amount without precise measurement, particularly during a slow hemorrhage. Also, understaffed midwives in mainland China adds to the difficulty of timely accurate measurement of blood loss.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the accuracy of visual estimated blood loss in postpartum hemorrhage by clinical midwives, as well as the reproducibility of the visual estimation and influencing factors on accuracy.

METHODS

With a modified on-line visual estimation questionnaire of blood loss, a cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted among voluntary midwives or obstetrical nurses engaged in clinical practice in secondary and tertiary hospitals in Shanghai. A descriptive analysis was performed with demographic features and the rate of accurate responses. The Kappa coefficient was employed to determine the reproducibility of the agreement of visual estimation. The correlations between demographics and items of the questionnaire were conducted with Chi-square test and Spearman correlation analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 281 midwives and nurses participated in the survey. The finding showed relatively low accuracy and reproducibility of visual estimation, with 25.6% and 17.8% subjects in Shanghai hospitals distinguishing the postpartum hemorrhage (500ml) and the severe postpartum hemorrhage (1000ml), respectively. The Kappa coefficients were slight to moderate (0.062~0.450). The institutional routine for blood loss calculation turned out to be relevant to the accuracy of visual estimation.

CONCLUSIONS

Visual estimation cannot provide sound validity for blood loss evaluation in postpartum hemorrhage in China, especially when the amount exceeds 500ml. Institutions should make routines on how blood loss can be reckoned with the sterile drapes and gauzes they use, and provide regular training for midwives and nurses.
SAĞLIK ÇALIŞANLARININ ÖRGÜTSEL SESSİZLİK, SESSİZLİĞİN NEDENLERİ VE SONUÇLARINA İLİŞKİN GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: ÇAKIR Erşan , UĞURLUOĞLU Özgür
Published: August 2019

Amaç       :    Bu çalışmanın amacı; sağlık çalışanlarının
sessiz kaldığı konuların neler olduğunu, sessizleşme nedenlerini ve
sessizleşmenin sağlık çalışanları açısından algılanan sonuçlarını ortaya
koymaktır. Yöntem   :    Araştırmanın evrenini Ankara’da
faaliyet gösteren bir kamu hastanesinde görevli 884 sağlık çalışanı,
örneklemini ise 276 sağlık çalışanı (doktor, hemşire, diğer sağlık personeli ve
idari personel) oluşturmaktadır.Bulgular  :    Sağlık
çalışanlarının en fazla yönetsel ve örgütsel sebeplerden ötürü (3,10±0,92),
yönetim sorunları (2,65±0,96) ve çalışanların performansı (2,64±0,88)
konularında sessiz kaldıkları bulunmuştur. Sağlık çalışanları, sessizliğin
performans ve sinerjiyi engelleyen sonuçlar (3,60±0,77) doğuracağı fikrine
katıldıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca araştırma sonucunda; sağlık
çalışanlarının sessiz kaldıkları konular alt boyutlarından “iyileştirme
çabaları” alt boyutu yönetsel pozisyonun olup olmamasına göre, “etik konular”
alt boyutu eğitim ve göreve göre, “çalışma olanakları ve sorumluluklar” alt
boyutu yönetsel pozisyonun olup olmamasına göre, “yönetim sorunları” alt boyutu
yaş, medeni durum ve hastanede çalışma süresine göre ve “çalışanların
performansı” alt boyutu ise hastanede çalışma süresi ve yönetsel pozisyonun
olup olmamasına göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar göstermiştir.
Sağlık çalışanlarının sessiz kalma nedenleri alt boyutlarından “deneyim
eksikliği” alt boyutu medeni durum, eğitim ve göreve göre, “iş ile ilgili
korkular ve yalıtım korkusu” alt boyutu ise yaş, medeni durum, görev ve toplam
çalışma süresine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar göstermiştir.
Son olarak; sessizliğin algılanan sonuçları alt boyutlarından “performans ve sinerjiyi
engelleyen sonuçlar” alt boyutunun göreve göre, “işgöreni mutsuz kılan
sonuçlar” alt boyutunun cinsiyet, medeni durum ve göreve göre ve “iyileşmeyi ve
gelişmeyi kısıtlayan sonuçlar” alt boyutunun ise medeni durum ve toplam çalışma
süresine göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılıklar gösterdiği tespit
edilmiştir.

Sonuç      :    Bu
çalışma sonucunda sessizliğin en önemli nedeni yöneticilerin tavır ve
davranışları olarak bulunmuştur. Bu bağlamda, yöneticiler öncelikle işgörenlerine
değer vermeli, onları dinlemeli, sorunları ile ilgilenmeli, işe ilişkin
kaygılarını yok etmeye çalışmalıdır.
The Reckless Mind: Intellectuals in Politics, by Mark Lilla
Authors: Silveira José R. F.
Published: August 2019

The reckless mind: Intellectuals in politics is a disturbing and moving book.
CAMPUR KODE SIARAN RADIO MOST FM PENYIAR ARI DI KOTA MALANG
Authors: Widyanigrum Heny Kusuma
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini mendeskripsikan campur kode dalam siaran radio Most FM penyiar Ari di Kota Malang. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah siaran radio Most FM yang dilakukan oleh penyiar Ari di Kota Malang. Teknik pengumpulan datanya yaitu dengan teknik simak dan catat. Metode analisis data yang peneliti gunakan adalah metode padan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peralihan bahasa yang terjadi, yaitu bahasa Inggris dan Jawa. Selian itu, banyak faktor munculnya terjadinya campur kode, antara lain supaya terkesan santai atau akrab dengan pendengar; lebih populer, bergengsi, dan singkat.
PANDANGAN DUNIA PENGARANG DALAM NOVEL LA GRANDE BORNE KARYA NH. DINI
Authors: Kamhar MUhammad Yusi
Published: August 2019

Penelitian mendeskripsikan pandangan dunia pengarang dalam novel La Grande Borne karya Nh. Dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan strukturalisme genetik Lucien Goldmann yaitu pendekatan yang digunakan untuk meneliti tentang struktur pembangun karya sastra, latar belakang kehidupan sosial pengarang, dan pandangan dunia pengarang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah teks novel yang berjudul La Grande Borne karya Nh. Dini. Data penelitian ini adalah berbentuk kutipan-kutipan atau satuan cerita yang terdapat dalam novel La Grande Borne karya Nh. Dini. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik tekstual (pustaka). Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis deskriptif yang terdiri dari (1) perbandingan antardata dan (2) klasifikasi data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pandangan dunia pengarang dalam novel La Grande Borne karya Nh. Dini meliputi (1) pandangan orang Jawa yang berhubungan dengan Tuhan, (2) pandangan orang Jawa yang berhubungan dengan diri sendiri, dan (3) pandangan orang Jawa yang berhubungan dengan sesama.