bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal Conductivity of Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Composites
Authors: Haddadi Manel , Agoudjil Boudjemaa , Boudenne Abderrahim
Published: March 2012

As one of the most important field of current nanoscience, the polymer nanocomposites is a promising and efficient way for new generation materials with high performances and multifunctionalities. The incorporating of nanofillers in a polymer matrix may improve mechanical, thermal, electrical or dielectric properties of the composites. The current paper focuses on the thermal conductivity of polymer/carbon nanotube composites. These last, are considered to be ideal candidates for the development of nanocomposite materials. Clarifying the role of the factors, influencing the properties of the composites, enable us to choose the suitable processing method for obtaining the composites and to improve the different properties of these systems. This article reviews the dependence of thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes on the tube size and the effect of interface on the equivalent property. The relationship between the thermal conductivity and the nanostructure of composites are discussed.
The Mammalian Actin-Binding Protein 1 Is Critical for Spreading and Intraluminal Crawling of Neutrophils under Flow Conditions
Authors: Hepper Ingrid , Schymeinsky Jürgen , Weckbach Ludwig T. , Jakob Sascha M. , Frommhold David , Sixt Michael , Laschinger Melanie , Sperandio Markus , Walzog Barbara
Published: March 2012

Recently, the mammalian actin-binding protein 1 (mAbp1; Hip-55, SH3P7, debrin-like protein) was identified as a novel component of the β2 integrin-mediated signaling cascade during complement-mediated phagocytosis and firm adhesion of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) under physiological shear stress conditions. In this study, we found that the genetic ablation of mAbp1 severely compromised not only the induction of adhesion, but also subsequent spreading of leukocytes to the endothelium as assessed by intravital microscopy of inflamed vessels of the cremaster muscle of mice. In vitro studies using murine PMN confirmed that mAbp1 was required for β2 integrin-mediated spreading under shear stress conditions, whereas mAbp1 was dispensable for spreading under static conditions. Upon β2 integrin-mediated adhesion and chemotactic migration of human neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells, mAbp1 was enriched at the leading edge of the polarized cell. Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy revealed that mAbp1 formed propagating waves toward the front of the lamellipodium, which are characteristic for dynamic reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Accordingly, binding of mAbp1 to actin was increased upon β2 integrin-mediated adhesion, as shown by coimmunoprecipitation experiments. However, chemotactic migration under static conditions was unaffected in the absence of mAbp1. In contrast, the downregulation of mAbp1 by RNA interference technique in neutrophil-like differentiated HL-60 cells or the genetic ablation of mAbp1 in leukocytes led to defective migration under flow conditions in vitro and in inflamed cremaster muscle venules in the situation in vivo. In conclusion, mAbp1 is of fundamental importance for spreading and migration under shear stress conditions, which are critical prerequisites for efficient PMN extravasation during inflammation.
Distinct Effects of Saracatinib on Memory CD8+ T Cell Differentiation
Authors: Takai Shinji , Sabzevari Helen , Farsaci Benedetto , Schlom Jeffrey , Greiner John W.
Published: March 2012

Immunologic memory involving CD8+ T cells is a hallmark of an adaptive Ag-specific immune response and constitutes a critical component of protective immunity. Designing approaches that enhance long-term T cell memory would, for the most part, fortify vaccines and enhance host protection against infectious diseases and, perhaps, cancer immunotherapy. A better understanding of the cellular programs involved in the Ag-specific T cell response has led to new approaches that target the magnitude and quality of the memory T cell response. In this article, we show that T cells from TCR transgenic mice for the nucleoprotein of influenza virus NP68 exhibit the distinct phases—priming, expansion, contraction, and memory—of an Ag-specific T cell response when exposed in vitro to the cognate peptide. Saracatinib, a specific inhibitor of Src family kinases, administered at low doses during the expansion or contraction phases, increased CD62Lhigh/CD44high central memory CD8+ T cells and IFN-γ production but suppressed immunity when added during the priming phase. These effects by saracatinib were not accompanied by the expected decline of Src family kinases but were accompanied by Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin suppression and/or mediated via another pathway. Increased central memory cells by saracatinib were recapitulated in mice using a poxvirus-based influenza vaccine, thus underscoring the importance of dose and timing of the inhibitor in the context of memory T cell differentiation. Finally, vaccine plus saracatinib treatment showed better protection against tumor challenge. The immune-potentiating effects on CD8+ T cells by a low dose of saracatinib might afford better protection from pathogens or cancer when combined with vaccine.
Cellular Interactions of Synovial Fluid γδ T Cells in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Bendersky Anna , Marcu-Malina Victoria , Berkun Yackov , Gerstein Maya , Nagar Meital , Goldstein Itamar , Padeh Shai , Bank Ilan
Published: March 2012

The pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is thought to involve multiple components of the cellular immune system, including subsets of γδ T cells. In this study, we conducted experiments to define the functional roles of one of the major synovial fluid (SF) T cell subsets, Vγ9+Vδ2+ (Vγ9+) T cells, in JIA. We found that as opposed to CD4+ T cells, equally high percentages (∼35%) of Vγ9+ T cells in SF and peripheral blood (PB) produced TNF-α and IFN-γ. Furthermore, stimulation with isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), a metabolite in the mevalonate pathway, which is a specific potent Ag for Vγ9Jγ1.2+ T cells, similarly amplified cytokine secretion by SF and PB Vγ9+ T cells. Significantly, the SF subset expressed higher levels of CD69 in situ, suggesting their recent activation. Furthermore, 24-h coculturing with SF-derived fibroblasts enhanced CD69 on the SF > PB Vγ9+ T cells, a phenomenon strongly augmented by zoledronate, a farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase inhibitor that increases endogenous intracellular IPP. Importantly, although Vγ9+ T cell proliferation in response to IPP was significantly lower in SF than PBMC cultures, it could be enhanced by depleting SF CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ cells (regulatory T cells). Furthermore, coculture with the Vγ9+ T cells in medium containing zoledronate or IPP strongly increased SF-derived fibroblasts' apoptosis. The findings that IPP-responsive proinflammatory synovial Vγ9+ T cells for which proliferation is partly controlled by regulatory T cells can recognize and become activated by SF fibroblasts and then induce their apoptosis suggest their crucial role in the pathogenesis and control of synovial inflammation.
CD70-Driven Costimulation Induces Survival or Fas-Mediated Apoptosis of T Cells Depending on Antigenic Load
Authors: Wensveen Felix M. , Unger Peter-Paul A. , Kragten Natasja A. M. , Derks Ingrid A. M. , ten Brinke Anja , Arens Ramon , van Lier Rene A. W. , Eldering Eric , van Gisbergen Klaas P. J. M.
Published: March 2012

Apoptosis plays an essential role in the removal of activated CD8 T cells that are no longer required during or postinfection. The Bim-dependent intrinsic pathway of apoptosis removes effector CD8 T cells upon clearance of viral infection, which is driven by withdrawal of growth factors. Binding of Fas ligand to Fas mediates activation-induced T cell death in vitro and cooperates with Bim to eliminate CD8 T cells during chronic infection in vivo, but it is less clear how this pathway of apoptosis is initiated. In this study, we show that the costimulatory TNFR CD27 provides a dual trigger that can enhance survival of CD8 T cells, but also removal of activated CD8 T cells through Fas-driven apoptosis. Using in vitro stimulation assays of murine T cells with cognate peptide, we show that CD27 increases T cell survival after stimulation with low doses of Ag, whereas CD27 induces Fas-driven T cell apoptosis after stimulation with high doses of Ag. In vivo, the impact of constitutive CD70-driven stimulation on the accumulation of memory and effector CD8 T cells is limited by Fas-driven apoptosis. Furthermore, introduction of CD70 signaling during acute infection with influenza virus induces Fas-dependent elimination of influenza-specific CD8 T cells. These findings suggest that CD27 suppresses its costimulatory effects on T cell survival through activation of Fas-driven T cell apoptosis to maintain T cell homeostasis during infection.
Sources of discrepancy between aerosol optical depth obtained from AERONET and in-situ aircraft profiles
Authors: Esteve A. R. , Ogren J. A. , Sheridan P. J. , Andrews E. , Holben B. N. , Utrillas M. P.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Aerosol optical properties were measured by NOAA's Airborne Aerosol Observatory over Bondville, Illinois, during more than two years using a light aircraft. Measured properties included total light scattering, backscattering, and absorption, while calculated parameters included aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångström exponent, single-scattering albedo, hemispheric backscatter fraction, asymmetry parameter, and submicrometer mode fraction of scattering. The in-situ aircraft measurements are compared here with AERONET measurements and retrievals of the aerosol optical properties at the same location, although it is difficult to verify the AERONET retrieval algorithm at a site that is not highly polluted. The comparison reveals discrepancies between the aerosol properties retrieved from AERONET and from in-situ aircraft measurements. These discrepancies are smaller for the AOD, while the biggest discrepancies are for the other derived aerosol properties. Possible sources of discrepancy between the AOD measured by AERONET and the one calculated from the in-situ aircraft measurements are investigated. The largest portion of the AOD discrepancy is likely due to an incorrect adjustment to ambient RH of the scattering coefficient. Another significant part (along with uncertain nephelometer truncation corrections) may come from the possibility that there might be less aerosol below the lowest flight altitude or that the aircraft inlet excludes aerosol particles larger than 5–7 μm diameter.
The effects of mineral dust particles, aerosol regeneration and ice nucleation parameterizations on clouds and precipitation
Authors: Teller A. , Xue L. , Levin Z.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. This study focuses on the effects of aerosol particles on the formation of convective clouds and precipitation in the Eastern Mediterranean sea with a special emphasis on the role of mineral dust particles in these processes. We used a new detailed numerical cloud microphysics scheme that has been implemented in the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model in order to study aerosol-cloud interaction in 3-D configuration based on realistic meteorological data. Using a number of case studies we tested the contribution of mineral dust particles and different ice nucleation parameterizations to precipitation development. In this study we also investigated the importance of recycled (regenerated) aerosols that had been released to the atmosphere following the evaporation of cloud droplets. The results showed that increased aerosol concentration due to the presence of mineral dust enhanced the formation of ice crystals. The dynamic evolution of the cloud system sets the time periods and regions in which heavy or light precipitation occurred in the domain. The precipitation rate, the time and duration of precipitation were affected by the aerosol properties only at small area scales (with areas of about 20 km2). Changes of the ice nucleation scheme from ice supersaturation dependent parameterization to a recent approach of aerosol concentration and temperature dependent parameterization modified the ice crystals concentrations but did not affect the total precipitation in the domain. Aerosol regeneration modified the concentration of cloud droplets at cloud base by dynamic recirculation of the aerosols but also had only a minor effect on precipitation. The major conclusion from this study is that the effect of mineral dust particles on clouds and total precipitation is limited by the properties of the atmospheric dynamics and the only effect of aerosol on precipitation may come from significant increase in the concentration of accumulation mode aerosols. In addition, the presence of mineral dust had much smaller effect on the total precipitation than on its spatial distribution.
Validation of three different scientific ozone products retrieved from IASI spectra using ozonesondes
Authors: Dufour G. , Eremenko M. , Griesfeller A. , Barret B. , LeFlochmoën E. , Clerbaux C. , Hadji-Lazaro J. , Coheur P.-F. , Hurtmans D.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Three scientific ozone products from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) aboard MetOp-A, retrieved in three different research teams (LA, LATMOS/ULB, LISA) with different retrieval schemes, are characterized and validated using ozonesondes measurements. The characteristics of the products are analyzed in terms of retrieval sensitivity, systematic and random errors, and ability to retrieve the natural variability of ozone and focus on different partial columns from the lower troposphere up to 30 km. The validation covers the midlatitudes and the tropics and the period from January to December 2008. The products present degrees of freedom (DOF) in the troposphere between 1 and 1.2 on average in the midlatitudes and between 1 and 1.4 in the tropics. The DOF are distributed differently on the vertical depending on the profiles and the season: summer leading to a better sensitivity to the lower troposphere, as expected. The error estimates range between 10 and 20% from the lower tropospheric partial columns (0–6 km and 0–8 km for the midlatitudes and the tropics respectively) to the UTLS partial columns (8–16 km and 11–20 km for the midlatitudes and the tropics respectively) for all the products and are about 5% in the stratosphere (16–30 km) and for the column up to 30 km. The main feature that arises from the comparison with the ozonesondes is a systematic overestimation of ozone in the UTLS (between 10 and 25%) by the three products in the midlatitudes and the tropics, attributed to the moderate vertical resolution of IASI and possibly to spectroscopic inconsistencies. The ability of the products to reproduce natural variability of tropospheric ozone is fairly good and depends on the considered season and region.
1D-Var retrieval of daytime total columnar water vapour from MERIS measurements
Authors: Lindstrot R. , Preusker R. , Diedrich H. , Doppler L. , Bennartz R. , Fischer J.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. A new scheme for the retrieval of total columnar water vapour from measurements of MERIS (Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) on ENVISAT (ENVIronmental SATellite) is presented. The algorithm is based on a fast forward model of the water vapour transmittance around 900nm, including a correction for atmospheric scattering and the influence of the temperature- and pressure-profile on the water vapour absorption lines. It provides the water vapour column amount for cloud-free scenes above land and ocean at a spatial resolution of 0.25 km × 0.3 km and 1 km × 1.2 km, depending on whether applied to the "full resolution" or the operational "reduced resolution" mode of MERIS. Uncertainties are provided on a pixel-by-pixel basis, taking into account all relevant sources of error. An extensive validation against various sources of ground-based reference data reveals a high accuracy of MERIS water vapour above land (root mean square deviations between 1.4 mm and 3.7 mm), apart from a wet bias of MERIS between 5 and 10% that is found in all comparison studies. This wet bias might be caused by spectroscopic uncertainties, such as the description of the water vapour continuum. Above ocean the accuracy is reduced, due to the uncertainty introduced by the unknown atmospheric scattering. Consequently, an increased root mean square deviation of ≥5 mm was found by comparing MERIS total columnar water vapour above ocean against SSM/I and ENVISAT MWR data. An increased wet bias of 2–3 mm is found over ocean, potentially due to a not properly working atmospheric correction scheme.
The variability of radiative balance elements and air temperature over the Asian region of Russia
Authors: Kharyutkina E. V. , Ippolitov I. I. , Loginov S. V.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. The variability of spatial-temporal distribution of temperature and heat balance elements is investigated for the Asian territory of Russia (45–80° N, 60–180° E) using JRA-25, NCEP/DOE AMIP-II reanalysis data and observational data for the period of global warming 1979–2008. It is shown that temperature trend over the territory is 1.4 °C for the period under study according to reanalysis data. Since the beginning of 90s of 20th century the increase of back earth-atmosphere shortwave radiation is observed. Such tendency is in conformity with the cloud cover distribution and downward shortwave radiation at the surface. Regression model describing temperature variability with variability of heat balance elements was presented. We conclude that possible applications for the model include the convenient estimate of temperature variability according to reanalysis data.
Biogeography in the air: fungal diversity over land and oceans
Authors: Fröhlich-Nowoisky J. , Burrows S. M. , Xie Z. , Engling G. , Solomon P. A. , Fraser M. P. , Mayol-Bracero O. L. , Artaxo P. , Begerow D. , Conrad R. , Andreae M. O. , Després V. R. , Pöschl U.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Biogenic aerosols are relevant for the Earth system, climate, and public health on local, regional, and global scales. Up to now, however, little is known about the diversity and biogeography of airborne microorganisms. We present the first DNA-based analysis of airborne fungi on global scales, showing pronounced geographic patterns and boundaries. In particular we find that the ratio of species richness between Basidiomycota and Ascomycota is much higher in continental air than in marine air. This may be an important difference between the "blue ocean" and "green ocean" regimes in the formation of clouds and precipitation, for which fungal spores can act as nuclei. Our findings also suggest that air flow patterns and the global atmospheric circulation are important for the understanding of global changes in biodiversity.
Factors influencing the stable carbon isotopic composition of suspended and sinking organic matter in the coastal Antarctic sea ice environment
Authors: Henley S. F. , Annett A. L. , Ganeshram R. S. , Carson D. S. , Weston K. , Crosta X. , Tait A. , Dougans J. , Fallick A. E. , Clarke A.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. A high resolution time-series analysis of stable carbon isotopic signatures in particulate organic carbon (δ13CPOC) and associated biogeochemical parameters in sea ice and surface waters provides an insight into the factors affecting δ13CPOC in the coastal western Antarctic Peninsula sea ice environment. The study covers two austral summer seasons in Ryder Bay, northern Marguerite Bay between 2004 and 2006. A shift in diatom species composition during the 2005/06 summer bloom to near-complete biomass dominance of Proboscia inermis is strongly correlated with a large ~10 ‰ negative isotopic shift in δ13CPOC that cannot be explained by a concurrent change in concentration or isotopic signature of CO2. We hypothesise that the δ13CPOC shift may be driven by the contrasting biochemical mechanisms and utilisation of carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) in different diatom species. Specifically, very low δ13CPOC in P. inermis may be caused by the lack of a CCM, whilst some diatom species abundant at times of higher δ13CPOC may employ CCMs. These short-lived yet pronounced negative δ13CPOC excursions drive a 4 ‰ decrease in the seasonal average δ13CPOC signal, which is transferred to sediment traps and core-top sediments and consequently has the potential for preservation in the sedimentary record. This 4 ‰ difference between seasons of contrasting sea ice conditions and upper water column stratification matches the full amplitude of glacial-interglacial Southern Ocean δ13CPOC variability and, as such, we invoke phytoplankton species changes as a potentially important factor influencing sedimentary δ13CPOC. We also find significantly higher δ13CPOC in sea ice than surface waters, consistent with autotrophic carbon fixation in a semi-closed environment and possible contributions from post-production degradation, biological utilisation of HCO3− and production of exopolymeric substances. This study demonstrates the importance of surface water diatom speciation effects and isotopically heavy sea ice-derived material for δ13CPOC in Antarctic coastal environments and underlying sediments, with consequences for the utility of diatom-based δ13CPOC in the sedimentary record.
CAM-chem: description and evaluation of interactive atmospheric chemistry in the Community Earth System Model
Authors: Lamarque J.-F. , Emmons L. K. , Hess P. G. , Kinnison D. E. , Tilmes S. , Vitt F. , Heald C. L. , Holland E. A. , Lauritzen P. H. , Neu J. , Orlando J. J. , Rasch P. J. , Tyndall G. K.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. We discuss and evaluate the representation of atmospheric chemistry in the global Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) version 4, the atmospheric component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM). We present a variety of configurations for the representation of tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, wet removal, and online and offline meteorology. Results from simulations illustrating these configurations are compared with surface, aircraft and satellite observations. Major biases include a negative bias in the high-latitude CO distribution, a positive bias in upper-tropospheric/lower-stratospheric ozone, and a positive bias in summertime surface ozone (over the United States and Europe). The tropospheric net chemical ozone production varies significantly between configurations, partly related to variations in stratosphere-troposphere exchange. Aerosol optical depth tends to be underestimated over most regions, while comparison with aerosol surface measurements over the United States indicate reasonable results for sulfate , especially in the online simulation. Other aerosol species exhibit significant biases. Overall, the model-data comparison indicates that the offline simulation driven by GEOS5 meteorological analyses provides the best simulation, possibly due in part to the increased vertical resolution (52 levels instead of 26 for online dynamics). The CAM-chem code as described in this paper, along with all the necessary datasets needed to perform the simulations described here, are available for download at www.cesm.ucar.edu.
State updating of a distributed hydrological model with Ensemble Kalman Filtering: effects of updating frequency and observation network density on forecast accuracy
Authors: Rakovec O. , Weerts A. H. , Hazenberg P. , Torfs P. J. J. F. , Uijlenhoet R.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. This paper presents a study on the optimal setup for discharge assimilation within a spatially distributed hydrological model. The Ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is employed to update the grid-based distributed states of the hourly HBV-96 model. Synthetic and real world experiments are carried out for the Upper Ourthe (1600 km2), a quickly responding catchment in the Belgian Ardennes. We assess the impact on the forecasted discharge of (1) various sets of the spatially distributed discharge gauges and (2) the filtering frequency. The results show that the hydrological forecast at the catchment outlet is improved by assimilating interior gauges. This augmentation of the observation vector improves the forecast more than increasing the updating frequency. In terms of the model states, the EnKF scheme is mainly changing the pdf's of the two routing model storages. This also holds for situations, where the uncertainty in the discharge simulations is smaller than the defined observation uncertainty.
Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis in examining scaling properties of the spatial patterns of soil water storage
Authors: Biswas A. , Zeleke T. B. , Si B. C.
Published: March 2012

Abstract. Knowledge about the scaling properties of soil water storage is crucial in transferring locally measured fluctuations to larger scales and vice-versa. Studies based on remotely sensed data have shown that the variability in surface soil water has clear scaling properties (i.e., statistically self similar) over a wider range of spatial scales. However, the scaling property of soil water storage to a certain depth at a field scale is not well understood. The major challenges in scaling analysis for soil water are the presence of localized trends and nonstationarities in the spatial series. The objective of this study was to characterize scaling properties of soil water storage variability through multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA). A field experiment was conducted in a sub-humid climate at Alvena, Saskatchewan, Canada. A north-south transect of 624-m long was established on a rolling landscape. Soil water storage was monitored weekly between 2002 and 2005 at 104 locations along the transect. The spatial scaling property of the surface 0 to 40 cm depth was characterized using the MFDFA technique for six of the soil water content series (all gravimetrically determined) representing soil water storage after snowmelt, rainfall, and evapotranspiration. For the studied transect, scaling properties of soil water storage are different between drier periods and wet periods. It also appears that local controls such as site topography and texture (that dominantly control the pattern during wet states) results in multiscaling property. The nonlocal controls such as evapotranspiration results in the reduction of the degree of multiscaling and improvement in the simple scaling. Therefore, the scaling property of soil water storage is a function of both soil moisture status and the spatial extent considered.
Research on MI in Equipoise: The Case of Living Organ Donation
Authors: Zuckoff Allan , Dew Mary Amanda
Published: March 2012

Residual ambivalence prior to live organ donation has been shown to predict worse physical and psychological outcomes for the donor following surgery. We are studying whether MI can help individuals who have agreed to become living organ donors to resolve residual ambivalence about their decision. In this situation, ethical practice demands that the counselor take up a stance of equipoise, equally welcoming of strengthened resolve to donate or a decision not to do so. This paper describes our adaptations of MI for this unique applicatio
Motivational Interviewing in a Residential Treatment Programme
Authors: O'Driscoll Colin
Published: March 2012

An Irish  entrepenuer and  motivational interviewing specialist created a residential treatment programme  for addictions  in Ireland  with  motivational interviewing not only  as  the model for  therapy but also as the guiding spirit for the treatment environment  and  repertoire of activities. This article describes the treatment programme, characterises those served by it, and presents results of a preliminary assessment of treatment outcomes. The article concludes with consideration of the challenges and successes of this unique residential programm
MI and Psychotherapy
Authors: Miller William R.
Published: March 2012

How is motivational interviewing (MI) related to psychotherapy more generally?  In its original  formulation MI was intended to address the specific problem of ambivalence about change. It was not designed as a comprehensive psychotherapy or model of change. Subsequent clinical experience, however, suggests ways in which the spirit and method of MI may be useful throughout processes of change. Implications for a volitional psychotherapy are considered, with additional discussion of clinical applications of decisional balance.
Motive Hunting in the Case of Richard Hathaway
Authors: Apps Lara
Published: March 2012

Richard Hathaway, a London blacksmith's apprentice, was convicted of fraud and imposture in 1702 for falsely accusing Sarah Morduck of bewitching him. Historians of English witchcraft have cited this case as evidence of judicial skepticism toward the crime of witchcraft and of continuing popular belief in it; however, detailed and thorough analysis of the primary sources has been lacking in the scholarly literature. Through a comparative analysis of the four major contemporary accounts, this article explores the motives and representational strategies of the participants in the case and of those who composed the accounts. Hathaway's accusation against Morduck was malicious; a desire to profit from selling the story of Hathaway's bewitchment was a likely motive for the false accusation. The very different versions of Hathaway and Morduck that emerge from this research illustrate the dangers of relying on single sources for witchcraft cases.
Carnal Knowledge: The Epistemology of Sexual Trauma in Witches' Sabbaths, Satanic Ritual Abuse, and Alien Abduction Narratives
Authors: Laycock Joseph
Published: March 2012

There are strong similarities between the confessions taken from accused witches in early modern Europe, the testimony of Satanic ritual abuse taken by modern therapists, and accounts of alien abduction given under hypnosis. In each of these narratives, a subject describes horrible sexual transgressions performed on them at the hand of a mysterious other: the thorny penis of the Devil, the bizarre anal insertions of Satanists, and the mysterious probing of aliens. The motive behind these sexual acts is never revealed and the existence of the perpetrators is usually in doubt. This article suggests that sexual trauma serves an epistemological function. For such apparent victims, a belief in demons, Satanists, or aliens provides a meaningful worldview, and narratives of sexual transgressions maintain and even compound these beliefs. “Carnal knowledge”—knowledge through sexual encounters—is privileged above visual or auditory encounters, and is therefore more useful for constructing meaningful cosmologies in which human beings may interact with the divine. Carnal knowledge was a privileged form of epistemology in pre-Christian cultures. Since the days of the early Christian Church and the equation of sexuality with sin, carnal knowledge has survived in the form of masochistic and traumatic sexual encounters.
Efficacy of Various Antidiabetic Agents as Add-On Treatments to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Poolsup Nalinee , Suksomboon Naeti , Setwiwattanakul Wanwaree
Published: March 2012

Background and Aim. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that has a great impact on patients and society. Metformin monotherapy is capable of maintaining a target glycemic control only for a short term. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of combination therapy of metformin with any antidiabetic agents in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.
Methods. Reports of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of combination therapy of metformin with various antidiabetic agents in T2DM failing metformin alone were identified.
Results. Eight studies were identified in our paper. Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) were as effective as dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP IV inhs) in reducing HbA1c value (pooled mean difference −0.03%; 95% CI −0.16 to 0.10%). In comparison between TZDs and sulphonylureas (SUs), TZDs reduced fasting plasma insulin (FPI) more effectively than SUs (pool mean difference −5.72 μU/mL; 95% CI −8.21 to −3.22 μU/mL, ), but no significant differences were detected in the effects on HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (pooled mean difference −2.19 mg/dL; 95% CI −11.32 to 6.94 mg/dL, ).
Conclusions. Our study showed that TZDs reduced FPG better than did DPP IV inhs and decreased FPI more than did SUs.
On My Mind: Mom and Dad Math
Authors: Wilson Johnnie
Published: March 2012

This opinion piece describes a problem-solving activity that led to a discussion of the roles of mothers and fathers in supporting students' mathematics learning. Discussion involves how teachers might promote mathematics learning as a positive legacy to be shared with future generations.
Less is More
Authors: Chen Rong-Ji
Published: March 2012

Provide less guidance to students and engage them in challenging mathematical tasks.
Putting Mathematical Discourse in Writing
Authors: Lynch Sararose D. , Bolyard Johnna J.
Published: March 2012

A problem-solving pen pal project between preservice teachers and sixth graders presented a lens through which a teacher could view students' work and her instruction.
Closing in on Proof
Authors: Coffland David A.
Published: March 2012

Questions about closure on sets of numbers provide a context for hypotheses and proofs.
Quick Reads: Map Coloring: A Student's Perspective
Authors: Matthew Nicklas John
Published: March 2012

A middle school student worked on a map coloring problem, which motivated him to explore advanced mathematics.
Significance and Role of International Standards in Development of Croatian Nautical Tourism
Authors: Favro Srećko , Kovačić Mirjana , Gržetić Zvonko
Published: March 2012

The authors of this paper have systematically studied the trends of increasing demand in nautical tourism. The increasing demand is followed by a significant increase of threats to the environment, but also to boaters and their vessels participating in nautical activities. The authors emphasise the obligation to observe safety requirements through defined and controlled procedures in marinas and at sea and implementation of international standards during the stages of organisation of nautical economy, i. e. nautical tourism with complementary activities. The authors explicate the implementation of international standards for selecting locations for marinas, construction and equipment of marinas and vessels, training of boaters – skippers, business operations of subjects and objects of nautical tourism and promotion of their services. Special attention is given to safety standards and procedures during emergencies at sea and in the ports. Each vessel is expected to have a GPS (Global Positioning System) device and a box similar to a black box in aeroplanes which could be used for reconstructing accidents. Radar systems, AIS system (Automatic Identification System) and alarm systems will minimise the time for interventions. The intervention procedures at sea are currently being determined aimed at minimising the time, but improvements are still needed. Special attention is also given to activities related to resolving crises, analysis of the existing and the potential causes and to defining of preventive actions.
KEY WORDS: nautical tourism, international standards, crises
Testing TCP Traffic Congestion by Distributed Protocol Analysis and Statistical Modelling
Authors: Lipovac Vlatko , Batoš Vedran , Nemšić Boris
Published: March 2012

In this paper, a solution is proposed for testing TCP congestion window process in a real-life network situation during stationary time intervals. With this respect, the architecture of hardware and expert-system-based distributed protocol analysis is presented that we used for data acquisition and testing, conducted on a major network with live traffic (Electronic Financial Transactions data transfer), as well as the appropriate algorithm for estimating the actual congestion window size from the measured data that mainly included decoding with precise time-stamps (100ns resolution locally and 1ms with GPS clock distribution) and expert-system comments, resulting from the appropriate processing of the network data, accordingly filtered prior to arriving to the special-hardware-based capture buffer. In addition, the paper presents the statistical analysis model that we developed for the evaluation whether the data belonged to the specific (in this case, normal) cumulative distribution function, or whether two data sets exhibit the same statistical distribution - the conditio sine qua non for a TCP-stable interval. Having identified such stationary intervals, it was found that the measured-data-based congestion window values exhibited very good fitting (with satisfactory statistical significance) to the truncated normal distribution. Finally, an appropriate model was developed and applied, for estimating the relevant parameters of the congestion window distribution: its mean value and the variance.
KEY WORDS: protocol analysis, TCP-IP, testing, traffic congestion, statistical analysis, parameter estimation
Contribution to the Development of a Simulation Model for a Seaport in Specific Operating Conditions
Authors: Dundović Čedomir , Bilić Mirko , Dvornik Joško
Published: March 2012

The purpose of this paper is to show the efficiency of application of system dynamic simulation modelling when researching the behaviour dynamics of the port transhipment process, and finding the optimal solution for cargo handling with regard to the type and scope of cargo traffic, directions of movement, and pace of receiving and shipping of cargo. In view of the potential scientific implementation and verification of the hypotheses about the usage of system dynamic simulation models, the goals are multi-dimensional as they include designing qualitative and quantitative simulation models for a non-linear system, verification of the validity of the behaviour dynamics of the model, application of the simulation models, application of the parameter optimisation of the simulated process, and scientific verification of the results obtained through the simulation of the model. In compliance with the developed system-dynamic, mental-verbal and structural model, using the Powersim Studio system-dynamic flowchart of the port cargo system, in Powersim Studio simulation language, it is possible to conduct a scientific research of the dynamics of the continuous behaviour of the observed port cargo system in an experimental way, i. e. by using computers, simulating various scenarios of likely occurrences in the real world, without jeopardising it.
KEY WORDS: system dynamics, modelling, transhipment process, optimisation, continued and discrete simulation
Calculation of Time Losses Due to Toll Collection
Authors: Stanković Milan , Pilih Zvonimir , Ivanković Božidar
Published: March 2012

Fast development of tertiary activities has deleted the borderline between the working and free time, workdays and holidays. The highways reduce the time of individual transport by personal and cargo vehicles due to higher travelling speeds, but toll collection results in time losses due to obligatory stopping of vehicles. The objective of the study presented in the paper is the exact calculation of the time losses caused by toll collection. The simulation method based on the technical characteristics of the vehicles has been combined with the analysis of the register of toll collection dynamics. Since the queuing losses at peak and off-peak periods have not been taken into consideration, the obtained values of losses are minimal. The paper considers various technologies of toll collection.
KEYWORDS: travelling speed, acceleration, toll collection, assessment
The Impact of Detector Placement on Signalized Intersection Performance
Authors: Koltovska Nečoska Daniela , M. Bombol Kristi
Published: March 2012

Despite the flow fluctuations and increased traffic demand in the Macedonian cities over the last fifteen years, the Republic of Macedonia is one of those countries which still employ only the traditional systems of traffic management and control. Those are fixed control systems that certainly cause problems such as increased travel times and travel expenses as well as environmental degradation. A general call for “…something has to be done…” becomes obvious. The best practices have shown that this can be realized through unconventional solutions i.e. by means of responsive traffic management. A very reasonable example of such a system is the vehicle actuated control system that we have found to be quite challenging to do our research. Thus, we set up two folded research issues in front of us. The first one was to scientifically prove that vehicle actuated signal control can really be a reasonable substitute for a fixed time signal control, which will enhance the overall signalized intersection performance provided the timing parameters and the detector placement ŕrĺ properly designed. The second one was to indicate that such an advanced control system is feasible and sustainable for Macedonian cities. This paper focuses on the first research issue only.
For this purpose, a semi-actuated signal control strategy on an appropriately chosen signalized intersection was designed. The primary objective was to determine the way in which the inductive loop detector placement from the STOP line affects the overall intersection performance. To meet the goal, two scenarios were designed: 1. Detector placement at the STOP line, and 2. Detector placement at 8 metres behind the STOP line. Emphasis was placed on the semi-actuated signal control algorithm design. The designed algorithm was then applied in the net of VISSIM in order to simulate the semi-actuated signal control process. Performance comparison analysis with the formerly pre-timed signal control strategy followed. It was concluded that the overall intersection performance could be improved both by adequate inductive loop detector placement and by interaction with signal parameters. Hence, the placement distances would have to be considered under the limitation conditions only.
KEYWORDS: signalized intersection, vehicle actuated control, semi-actuated control, inductive loop detectors, simulation, delays, level of service
Traffic Flows Model of Postal Items Based on Input-output Demands in the Public Postal Network: Case Study of Croatia
Authors: Tabak Pero , Kljak Tomislav
Published: March 2012

This paper presents the method for developing matrix model of postal traffic flows (ordinary communication items) in public postal network according to volume and different end-to-end (E2E) processes, which can be used for selecting of relevant model for accessing the public postal network. The presented traffic matrix model can be adjusted after the measurement of real volumes and selecting the numbers of different E2E processes (according to geographical input-output request). During the simulation of the model it could be possible to detect the optimal solution for accessing the public postal network.
KEY WORDS: traffic modelling, postal services, access to the public postal network
Example of Positioning Intermodal Terminals on Inland Waterways
Authors: Brnjac Nikolina , Ćavar Ivana
Published: March 2012

Positioning of intermodal terminals is of key importance since it affects the very investment into the terminal, ecological, physical issues and the costs of the operation of individual terminals. Detailed analysis has to be performed by decision-making regarding the siting of intermodal terminals. The work analyzes the relevant criteria necessary for the siting of intermodal terminals. The problem of the proposed research is the structure of intermodal systems in the Republic of Croatia with the case study of inland waterways. The research and the study of the characteristics of intermodal terminals network on inland waterways should result in a concept of system reorganization, i.e. terminal planning methodology. By analysing relevant indicators according to the existing facts, and by using scientific methods and methodologies, the relevant criteria necessary to define the position and categories of intermodal terminals on inland waterways in the Republic of Croatia have been defined and evaluated on the examples of Sisak, Osijek, Vukovar and Slavonski Brod.
KEY WORDS: intermodal terminal, intermodal transport, location criteria, inland waterways
Deformation Analysis of Bridges in Exceptional Transports in Slovenia
Authors: Kamnik Rok , Kovačič Boštjan , Štrukelj Andrej
Published: March 2012

In August 1999 an exceptional transportation of two steamers of 666 tonnes was performed from the Port of Koper to the Nuclear power plant in Krško. The transport covered a distance of about 200km and represented one of the largest exceptional transports in Slovenia ever.
Finding the best route represented one of the major issues, because the steamers had to cross more than 50 problematic sections and bridges, most of which have not been designed for such heavy loads. It was necessary to load-test almost all bridges on the route to determine whether those bridges need any extra supports or not.
Consequently, a logistic operator has an important and indispensable role and becomes a co-modeller of logistic service. A deformation analysis or a polynomial interpolation of vertical displacements could also be used. Therefore, a laboratory load test of a concrete plate was made. The concrete plate was loaded with hydraulic cylinder PZ 100 with extensiometer up to 21kN. Every increase of load by 3kN was measured with Nikon Ser 800 total station.
KEY WORDS: deformation analysis, exceptional transport, bridges in Slovenia
Models and Methods for Operations in Port Container Terminals
Authors: Gudelj Anita , Krčum Maja , Twrdy Elen
Published: March 2012

The management of a container terminal is a complex process that involves many decisions. Among the problems to be solved, there are the spatial allocation of containers on the terminal yard, allocation of ships to berths and cranes, scheduling priorities and operations in order to maximize performances based on some economic indicators. Since the container port facilities are very expensive, it is desirable to optimize their performance, making better management decisions. This paper wants to present the contribution of the simulation and optimization techniques with the aim of improving the cooperation between different types of equipments, increasing the productivity of the terminal and helping in minimizing costs. In particular, the Petri net is used to present berth operations, and the genetic algorithm is used for scheduling container loading/unloading operations by cranes in order to minimize the maximum time it takes to serve a given set of vessels.
KEYWORDS: transportation, berth management, scheduling, simulation, optimization
Optimisation of Distribution Network Applying Logistic Outsourcing
Authors: Ivaković Čedomir , Stanković Ratko , Šafran Mario
Published: March 2012

The problem of forming the distribution network results from the need to harmonize the characteristics of efficiency and efficacy of the supply chain with the corporate competition strategy. In this sense the possibility of optimising the distribution network has been presented (on a mathematical model) by applying the logistic outsourcing. The optimisation has been carried out using MS Excel software tools Solver. The results of the analysis have shown that possibilities for the reduction of distribution costs need to be searched for primarily in the domain of transport, in the target segment of the distribution network. The improvement elements have been achieved by outsourcing part of the supply chain, i.e. by introducing the cross-docking system which is managed by the external supplier of the logistic services. Quantitative changes, apart from the redistribution of the traffic of logistic and distribution centres and the reduction of logistic costs, have been reflected also in the geographical arrangement of distribution. The logistic outsourcing had dominant impact on the formation of the distribution network.
KEY WORDS: distribution network, optimisation, logistic outsourcing