bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges in use of geographical information systems (GIS) in a research for understanding conservation of cultural heritage in Bursa
Authors: Çakici Alp Sermin , Şahin Güçhan Neriman
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to present a framework of introducing a proper method to document and to analyze conservation process of cultural heritage in Bursa, known as one of the UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Turkey and to discuss challenges in use of geographical information systems (GIS) for assessment of a complex data collected and analyzed during different phases of the historic researches.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic approach is used to understand relations between theoretical and practical processes of heritage conservation in Bursa. Due to the complicated structure of input data, GIS was used as the major tool in illustration of cultural heritage in various spatial scales, while providing connection between different timelines of its urban history. Within this concept, at first, conservation history of cultural heritage in Bursa is briefly described. Second, four stages of the method, used to make reliable and convenient assessment, are given. Finally, facilities and challenges in using this system are discussed in relation with the results achieved.

Findings

As a result of this study, both chronological and spatial distribution of all types of conservation practices are described in related with theoretical and legal aspects. There appear both advantages and limitations in use of GIS, during assessment of input data to understand conservation history of Bursa.

Originality/value

Therefore, it would be possible to see if it is adequate to understand the complicated structure of such kind of overlapped sources in a systematic way of information management system.
Impact of value co-creation on logistics customers’ loyalty
Authors: Thiruvattal Eappen
Published: September 2017

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the influence of value co-creation by external and internal stakeholders of logistics service organizations on both customer loyalty as well as superior service solutions. The mediating role of superior service solutions between the value co-creation strategies of organizations and customer loyalty is also investigated in a marketing channel environment.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data of small and medium enterprises’ executives (n = 330) are analysed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to investigate the impact of six hypothesized relationships through value co-creation.

Findings

This study indicates that coordinated efforts to create value by external and internal stakeholders to achieve superior service solutions have a strong impact on creating loyalty among customers.

Research limitations/implications

The effectiveness of this research has been validated in a number of ways including interviewing four of the stakeholders of a case organization that implemented the model. This study offers understanding of the roles of value co-creation, to a key to organizational success in marketing channels.

Originality/value

This paper elucidates the impact of value co-creation on the business performance of logistics service organizations. With empirical evidence, the paper contributes to fill the knowledge gaps on how the process of value co-creation by different stakeholders influences customer loyalty in a service context. The mediating role of superior service solution between value co-creation by different stakeholders and business customer loyalty is also examined, adding to its significance.
You can't always get what you want? Leadership expectations of intrapreneurs
Authors: Deprez Jana , Euwema Martin
Published: September 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the leadership expectations of young employees in intrapreneurial jobs.

Design/methodology/approach

Group interviews were conducted with 42 young intrapreneurs and 13 leaders of a Dutch ICT consultancy firm. Data were coded and analyzed using qualitative data analysis software.

Findings

The authors find ten different expectations on leadership. Young intrapreneurs expect to have a personal connection, sufficient feedback, ample freedom, and trust, clear directions when asked and a leader who is a role model.

Research limitations/implications

This qualitative study was conducted in one organization. It however sheds a first light on expectations of employees with intrapreneurial job requirements.

Practical implications

In order to motivate and guide young intrapreneurs, direct supervisors should aim not to breach expectations. By getting to know their employees on a personal basis, taking the time to coach them in their career goals, showing intrapreneurship themselves, focusing on an open relationship, and providing a challenging and dynamic environment, direct supervisors build a strong and cooperative relationship.

Originality/value

This paper is one of the first to look at the relationship between direct supervisors and intrapreneurial employees. Doing so, it also expands the current knowledge of Implicit Leadership Theory by exploring expectations of young intrapreneurs and adds to the full-range leadership theory by showing the importance of investigating its subdimensions.
The More You Give, the More You Get? The Impact of Corporate Political Activity on the Value of Government Contracts
Authors: Hadani Michael , Munshi Natasha , Clark Kim
Published: September 2017

Firms have been relying on corporate political activity (CPA) to achieve access and to affect public policy change for decades. Most research on CPA and public policy outcomes has implicitly assumed that access afforded by CPA results in an either‐ or (dichotomous) policy outcome such as votes or election outcomes. Based on recent research on how CPA can be a strategic signal to government agencies, however, it is possible that CPA may in fact, have a linear association with public policy outcomes as opposed to merely a dichotomous one, and we explore this relationship in the unique public policy context of government contract awards. We specifically analyze how higher levels of CPA impact the financial value of government contracts awarded to firms. Utilizing the S&P 1500 sample for 16 years (1997–2012) we find that CPA has a one to one association with the value of contract awards, indicating that CPA and public policy outcomes can be linked in ways that motivate firms to continuously invest in CPA, to maximize their political rents. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this finding in light of extant research on CPA and its direct impact on public policy outcomes.
A Kantian ethics approach to moral bioenhancement
Authors: Carter Sarah
Published: September 2017

It seems, at first glance, that a Kantian ethics approach to moral enhancement would tend towards the position that there could be no place for emotional modulation in any understanding of the endeavour, owing to the typically understood view that Kantian ethics does not allow any role for emotion in morality as a whole. It seems then that any account of moral bioenhancement which places emotion at its centre would therefore be rejected. This article argues, however, that this assumption is incorrect. Given later writings by Kant on the role of sympathy, and taking into account other concerns in Kantian ethics (such as bodily integrity), it may in fact be the case that Kantian ethics would allow for an account of moral bioenhancement through emotional modulation, and that in some (rare) cases such an intervention might even be considered to be a duty.
Multi‐centre, prospective evaluation of the Seldinger technique for difficult male urethral catheter insertions by non‐urology trained doctors
Authors: Yuminaga Yuigi , Kam Jonathan , Louie‐Johnsun Mark
Published: September 2017

Objective

To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Seldinger technique by non‐urology trained (NUT) doctors for difficult male indwelling urinary catheter (IDC) insertions.

Patients and Methods

In all, 115 patients and 57 participating NUT doctors were recruited by the urologist or urology registrar, when contacted in regards to failed IDC insertion. The successful passage of an IDC by the NUT doctors using the Seldinger technique with a straight, hydrophilic guidewire was assessed in our prospective, multicentre evaluation. Instruction of this technique was via bedside teaching by the urology registrar or via video media.

Results

The 115 patients, involving 57 NUT doctors, were prospectively evaluated across four sites; 93% (107/115) of cases had successful placement of an IDC with the Seldinger technique by a NUT doctor. No complications with the Seldinger technique were recorded. In 80 patients (69.6%), the technique was successfully performed by a NUT doctor without attendance by a urologist or urology registrar, with instruction provided from video media or prior bedside teaching by the urology registrar.

Conclusions

Our study is the first to validate the safety and effectiveness of the Seldinger technique for difficult male IDC insertion performed by NUT doctors. This technique can be taught via video education and thus has important implications for health services where urological support is not readily available.
Beliefs About Stress Attenuate the Relation Among Adverse Life Events, Perceived Distress, and Self‐Control
Authors: Park Daeun , Yu Alisa , Metz Sarah E. , Tsukayama Eli , Crum Alia J. , Duckworth Angela L.
Published: September 2017

Prior research has shown that adverse events in the lives of adolescents precipitate psychological distress, which in turn impairs self‐control. This study (N = 1,343) examined the protective effects of stress mindsets—beliefs about the extent to which stress might be beneficial or strictly detrimental. The results confirmed that increasing the number of adverse life events across the school year predicted rank order increases in perceived distress, which in turn predicted rank order decreases in self‐control. Adolescents who believed in the potential benefits of stress were less prone to feeling stressed in the wake of adverse life events. These findings suggest that changing the way adolescents think about stress may help protect them from acting impulsively when confronted with adversity.
Cholinergic urticaria patients of different age groups have distinct features
Authors: Asady A. , Ruft J. , Ellrich A. , Hawro T. , Maurer M. , Altrichter S.
Published: September 2017

Background

Cholinergic urticaria (CholU) is a common skin disease characterized by the development of pinpoint‐sized weals and severe itch upon physical exercise. Little is known about the epidemiology of CholU. CholU can occur at any age and has the highest prevalence among young adults. As of now, it is unclear whether patients of different age show differences in the clinical manifestation of CholU, duration of disease, comorbidities or response to treatment.

Methods

Here, we analysed the demographic data and clinical characteristics including disease duration and comorbidities of 200 patients with CholU, 12‐76 years of age.

Results

We identified two distinct types of CholU, one with early onset (EO, 71%) and one with late onset (LO, 29%). Patients with EO and LO CholU markedly differ in key characteristics: patients with EO, who had a disease onset before the age of 36, showed no gender preponderance and had a significantly higher rate of concomitant atopic dermatitis (16.9% vs 5.2%; P = .028) and higher IgE levels (295.5 vs 267.1 IU/mL; P = .020) as compared to patients with LO, who were mainly female (69%), had a shorter duration of disease (33.3 vs 63.7 months; P = .005), a higher rate of concomitant other forms of urticaria (48.3% vs 33.1%; P = .044) and a higher rate of psychiatric comorbidities (12.1% vs 1.4%; P = .001).

Conclusion

There are two subtypes of CholU patients with different gender ratios, disease duration and comorbidities. These findings suggest that two distinct underlying pathogenetic pathways are relevant in these two subgroups of patients with CholU.
Prevalence, treatments and medical cost of multiple sclerosis in Japan based on analysis of a health insurance claims database
Authors: Ogino Mieko , Okamoto Shuichi , Ohta Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Mariko , Nakamura Yusuke , Iwasaki Kosuke , Yoshida Manami , Hiroi Shinzo , Kawachi Izumi
Published: September 2017

Objective

To understand, through an analysis of health insurance claims data, the current treatment status and medical cost of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Japan.

Methods

We analyzed claims data (January 2005–January 2016) from the Japan Medical Data Center Co., Ltd., identifying MS patients, except those with neuromyelitis optica, using an algorithm based on diagnosis codes. Prescription drug usage and medical costs for MS patients were analyzed.

Results

A total of 713 MS patients were identified in the database. Between 2011 and 2015, the age‐adjusted prevalence of MS in the database increased from 0.015% to 0.019%, and the female‐to‐male ratio increased from 1.70 to 2.03. The prescription rate for disease‐modifying therapy drugs was higher in larger care settings. Prescriptions for fingolimod increased from 2011, with a concomitant decrease in prescriptions for interferon. The per patient per month cost for MS was ¥124 337 (US$1190 or €1084, as of October 2016). This was higher than the costs for Parkinson's disease (¥84 410), myasthenia gravis (¥82 944) and rheumatoid arthritis (¥53 843). However, the total per member per month cost for MS, which represents the population‐based economic impact, was ¥25.2, which was lower than the parallel costs for Parkinson's disease (¥123.0) and rheumatoid arthritis (¥311.6) because of the low prevalence of MS in Japan.

Conclusions

Using real‐world data, we obtained up‐to‐date prevalence, treatment status and medical cost information for MS in Japan. The present results showed the efficacy of a real‐world database to obtain the latest national trends for rare diseases, such as MS; this could have important implications for clinicians and policymakers.
Changes in psychosocial health during a 7‐week paediatric weight management program
Authors: Tucker J. M. , Howard K. , DeLaFuente K. , Cadieux A. , Yee K. E.
Published: September 2017

Youth with obesity are at increased risk of psychosocial symptoms; however, little is known regarding the impact of paediatric weight management (PWM) on psychosocial health. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in psychosocial health among children who completed a 7‐week PWM program. Participants aged 5 to 16 years with a BMI ≥85th percentile completed a 7‐week, family‐centred PWM program focused on health behaviour education, exercise and mentored goal setting. The Paediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC) was assessed via parent report to evaluate psychosocial symptoms before and after the program, and subscales were calculated for internalizing (PSC‐IS), externalizing (PSC‐ES) and attention symptoms (PSC‐AS). At baseline, positive screen rates for psychosocial symptoms among the 317 patients included 16.1% for PSC, 14.1% for PSC‐ES, 18.6% for PSC‐IS and 12.3% for PSC‐AS. Among program completers, total PSC scores improved in those with normal (p = 0.010) and elevated p < .001 psychosocial symptoms at baseline. Youth with positive screens for elevated PSC subscales improved their subscale scores, on average, and the majority reduced scores to below elevated levels for PSC (54.2%), PSC‐ES (64.7%), PSC‐IS (78.3%) and PSC‐AS (64.7%). Improvements in PSC remained significant after adjusting for BMI changes during treatment, but BMI differed across PSC‐change groups, including BMI increases among participants with PSC deterioration (0.33 ± 0.64 kg m−2) (P = 0.035) and BMI decreases among patients with no reliable PSC change (−0.26 ± 1.04 kg m−2) (P = 0.038) or reliable PSC improvement (−0.22 ± 0.74 kg m−2) (P = 0.025). Youth with positive screens for psychosocial symptoms can improve emotional and behavioural functioning during short‐term PWM. Future research is needed to elucidate mechanisms and long‐term outcome durability.
What is expected in lung function after lung transplantation due to end‐stage pulmonary silicosis?
Authors: Sidney‐Filho Luzielio Alves , Watte Guilherme , dos Santos Pedro Augusto Reck , Marcelo Schio Sadi , Camargo Spencer Marcantonio , Perin Fabíola Adélia , Hochhegger Bruno , Felicetti Jose Carlos , Camargo Jose de Jesus Peixoto , Moreira Jose da Silva
Published: September 2017

In this study, we aimed to determine the impact of lung transplantation (LTx) on pulmonary function tests (PFTs) and survival among patients with end‐stage silicosis. We included patients with end‐stage silicosis on the wait list for LTx, between January 1989 and July 2015 (N = 26). Sixteen of these patients received LTx; 10 were eligible, but did not undergo LTx (non‐LTx) during the study period. Retrospective information on PFTs (spirometry [volumes and flows], 6‐minute walking test [6MWT], and DLCO) was retrieved from patients’ medical charts, including baseline information for all patients and follow‐up information for the LTx. At baseline, most patients presented with spirometric and 6MWT values that were suggestive of severe disease (FEV1/FVC 76.5 ± 29.7; 6MWT 267.4 ± 104.5 m). Significant increases in these values were observed at follow‐up in the LTx (P = .036 and .151, respectively). The overall median survival of patients in the LTx and non‐LTx was 3.35 years (95% CI: 0.16‐14.38) and 0.78 years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12‐3.65) (P = 0.002), respectively. For patients with end‐stage silicosis, LTx offers significant benefits regarding pulmonary function and survival when compared to non‐LTx, and is a reliable tool to help this critical population of patients, whose only treatment option is LTx.
Characteristics and outcomes among patients with need for early dialysis after lung transplantation surgery
Authors: Banga Amit , Mohanka Manish , Mullins Jessica , Bollineni Srinivas , Kaza Vaidehi , Tanriover Bekir , Torres Fernando
Published: September 2017

Background

With the introduction of lung allocation score (LAS), increasingly sicker patients are undergoing lung transplantation (LT). This study was conducted to determine the time trends in need for dialysis after LT, identify variables independently associated with need for dialysis, and evaluate its association with 1‐ and 5‐year mortality.

Methods

We queried the United Network of Organ Sharing database for adult patients undergoing LT between 1994 and 2014. We excluded patients with simultaneous dual organ transplantation and where data regarding the need for dialysis were not available.

Results

Time trends in the yearly incidence of the need for dialysis showed a gradual increase (P = .012). In the post‐LAS era, ethnicity, underlying diagnosis, estimated GFR <90 mL/min/1.73 m2 and mean pulmonary pressures>35 mm Hg, ventilator or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support at LT, and >20% increase in serum creatinine between listing and match were independently associated with the need for dialysis. Patients with need for dialysis had significantly increased hazard of 1‐year (n = 13 849; adjusted hazard ratio, 95% CI:7.23, 6.2‐8.4, P < .001) and 5‐year mortality (n = 7287; adjusted hazard ratio, 95% CI:3.96, 3.43‐4.56, P < .001).

Conclusions

There is a gradual increase in the incidence of the need for early dialysis after LT, and these patients have significantly worse early and late survival. Several pre‐transplant recipient characteristics are independently associated with the need for dialysis.
Imported fire ant envenomation: A clinicopathologic study of a recognizable form of arthropod assault reaction
Authors: Villada Gabriel , Hafeez Farhaan , Ollague Jose , Nousari Carlos H. , Elgart George W.
Published: September 2017

Background

Skin reactions to the sting of the imported fire ant have characteristic clinicopathological features.

Methods

One case of experimental envenomation was prospectively followed during 48 hours, with biopsies. In addition, 6 cases from our laboratory were retrospectively evaluated histopathologically for the following features: spongiosis, exocytosis (and type of cells), pustule formation, erosion/ulceration, epidermal necrosis, scale/crust, papillary dermal edema, inflammatory dermal infiltrate (cell type, density, depth, distribution, shape), red blood cell extravasation, vasculopathy and vasculitis.

Results

The typical lesion follows a very distinctive clinical and histopathologic evolution over 48 hours, with the formation of a subepidermal pustule overlying a wedge‐shaped area of dermal collagen basophilic degeneration with scattered neutrophils. In the 6 cases retrieved from our files, the main features were a superficial and deep dermal, perivascular, periadnexal and interstitial infiltrate consisting of neutrophils, with basophilic degeneration of the collagen. A subepidermal pustule was noted in half of the cases.

Conclusions

In biopsies taken in a clinical setting, even in the absence of the characteristic subepidermal pustule, the diagnosis of imported fire ant sting can be suspected if there is a superficial and deep perivascular, periadnexal and interstitial infiltrate composed of neutrophils, with some basophilic denaturation of collagen.
‘We are the eyes and ears of researchers and community’: Understanding the role of community advisory groups in representing researchers and communities in Malawi
Authors: Nyirenda Deborah , Sariola Salla , Gooding Kate , Phiri Mackwellings , Sambakunsi Rodrick , Moyo Elvis , Bandawe Chiwoza , Squire Bertie , Desmond Nicola
Published: September 2017

Community engagement to protect and empower participating individuals and communities is an ethical requirement in research. There is however limited evidence on effectiveness or relevance of some of the approaches used to improve ethical practice. We conducted a study to understand the rationale, relevance and benefits of community engagement in health research. This paper draws from this wider study and focuses on factors that shaped Community Advisory Group (CAG) members’ selection processes and functions in Malawi. A qualitative research design was used; two participatory workshops were conducted with CAG members to understand their roles in research. Workshop findings were triangulated with insights from ethnographic field notes, key informant interviews with stakeholders, focus group discussions with community members and document reviews. Data were coded manually and thematic content analysis was used to identify main issues. Results have shown that democratic selection of CAG members presented challenges in both urban and rural settings. We also noted that CAG members perceived their role as a form of employment which potentially led to ineffective representation of community interests. We conclude that democratic voting is not enough to ensure effective representation of community's interests of ethical relevance. CAG members’ abilities to understand research ethics, identify potential harms to community and communicate feedback to researchers is critical to optimise engagement of lay community and avoid tokenistic engagement.
Findings and strategies for treating horses injured in open range fires
Authors: Herbert E. W.
Published: September 2017

Eight horses with varying degrees of burns sustained in an Australian bushfire were treated over several months. The horses were attended at the scene of the fire and then hospitalised from 4 days to 4 months for burns sustained to the head, ventral body and legs. The clinical findings and treatment of two of the horses are described. Variations with barn fire injuries and treatment are noted. While some horses were subject to euthanasia, or died at the scene of the fire, all hospitalised horses recovered.
MicroRNAs regulate synaptic plasticity underlying drug addiction
Authors: Smith A. C. W. , Kenny P. J.
Published: September 2017

Chronic use of drugs of abuse results in neurochemical, morphological and behavioral plasticity that underlies the emergence of compulsive drug seeking and vulnerability to relapse during periods of attempted abstinence. Identifying and reversing addiction‐relevant plasticity is seen as a potential point of pharmacotherapeutic intervention in drug‐addicted individuals. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the actions of drugs of abuse in the brain, this information has thus far yielded few novel treatment options addicted individuals. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that can each regulate the translation of hundreds to thousands of messenger RNAs. The highly pleiotropic nature of miRNAs has focused attention on their contribution to addiction‐relevant structural and functional plasticity in the brain and their potential utility as targets for medications development. In this review, we discuss the roles of miRNAs in synaptic plasticity underlying the development of addiction and then briefly discuss the possibility of using circulating miRNA as biomarkers for addiction.
National cyber crisis management: Different European approaches
Authors: Boeke Sergei
Published: September 2017

Cyber crises, as new forms of transboundary crises, pose serious risks to societies. This article investigates how different models of public–private partnerships shape cyber crisis management in four European countries: the Netherlands, Denmark, Estonia, and the Czech Republic. Using Provan and Kenis's modes of network governance, an initial taxonomy of cyber governance structures is provided. The Netherlands have created a participant‐governed network, characterized by trust and equality. The Czech and Estonian models resemble a network administrative organization, with an enforcement role for their national cyber security centers. Denmark has adopted a lead‐agency model. The article concludes that countries face two binary choices when organizing cyber defense and crisis management. First, national computer emergency response teams/computer security incident response teams can be embedded inside or outside the intelligence community. Second, cyber capacity can be centralized in one unit or spread across different sectors. These decisions fundamentally shape information‐sharing arrangements and potential roles during cyber crises.
Bioremediation in Fractured Rock: 1. Modeling to Inform Design, Monitoring, and Expectations
Authors: Tiedeman Claire R. , Shapiro Allen M. , Hsieh Paul A. , Imbrigiotta Thomas E. , Goode Daniel J. , Lacombe Pierre J. , DeFlaun Mary F. , Drew Scott R. , Johnson Carole D. , Williams John H. , Curtis Gary P.
Published: September 2017

Field characterization of a trichloroethene (TCE) source area in fractured mudstones produced a detailed understanding of the geology, contaminant distribution in fractures and the rock matrix, and hydraulic and transport properties. Groundwater flow and chemical transport modeling that synthesized the field characterization information proved critical for designing bioremediation of the source area. The planned bioremediation involved injecting emulsified vegetable oil and bacteria to enhance the naturally occurring biodegradation of TCE. The flow and transport modeling showed that injection will spread amendments widely over a zone of lower‐permeability fractures, with long residence times expected because of small velocities after injection and sorption of emulsified vegetable oil onto solids. Amendments transported out of this zone will be diluted by groundwater flux from other areas, limiting bioremediation effectiveness downgradient. At nearby pumping wells, further dilution is expected to make bioremediation effects undetectable in the pumped water. The results emphasize that in fracture‐dominated flow regimes, the extent of injected amendments cannot be conceptualized using simple homogeneous models of groundwater flow commonly adopted to design injections in unconsolidated porous media (e.g., radial diverging or dipole flow regimes). Instead, it is important to synthesize site characterization information using a groundwater flow model that includes discrete features representing high‐ and low‐permeability fractures. This type of model accounts for the highly heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity and groundwater fluxes in fractured‐rock aquifers, and facilitates designing injection strategies that target specific volumes of the aquifer and maximize the distribution of amendments over these volumes.
Bioremediation in Fractured Rock: 2. Mobilization of Chloroethene Compounds from the Rock Matrix
Authors: Shapiro Allen M. , Tiedeman Claire R. , Imbrigiotta Thomas E. , Goode Daniel J. , Hsieh Paul A. , Lacombe Pierre J. , DeFlaun Mary F. , Drew Scott R. , Curtis Gary P.
Published: September 2017

A mass balance is formulated to evaluate the mobilization of chlorinated ethene compounds (CE) from the rock matrix of a fractured mudstone aquifer under pre‐ and postbioremediation conditions. The analysis relies on a sparse number of monitoring locations and is constrained by a detailed description of the groundwater flow regime. Groundwater flow modeling developed under the site characterization identified groundwater fluxes to formulate the CE mass balance in the rock volume exposed to the injected remediation amendments. Differences in the CE fluxes into and out of the rock volume identify the total CE mobilized from diffusion, desorption, and nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution under pre‐ and postinjection conditions. The initial CE mass in the rock matrix prior to remediation is estimated using analyses of CE in rock core. The CE mass mobilized per year under preinjection conditions is small relative to the total CE mass in the rock, indicating that current pump‐and‐treat and natural attenuation conditions are likely to require hundreds of years to achieve groundwater concentrations that meet regulatory guidelines. The postinjection CE mobilization rate increased by approximately an order of magnitude over the 5 years of monitoring after the amendment injection. This rate is likely to decrease and additional remediation applications over several decades would still be needed to reduce CE mass in the rock matrix to levels where groundwater concentrations in fractures achieve regulatory standards.
Continuous infusion of coagulation factor concentrates during intensive treatment
Authors: Holme P. A. , Tjønnfjord G. E. , Batorova A.
Published: September 2017

In clinical management of bleeds and surgical procedures in patients suffering from bleeding disorders either repetitive bolus injections (BI) or continuous infusion (CI) can be used for coagulation factor replacement. Continuous infusion seems to be an attractive route of administration and may be considered if replacement therapy is required for more than 3 days. The strongest argument favouring continuous infusion is its superiority in providing the patient with a safe and constant level of the deficient coagulation factor by balancing input with clearance. Furthermore, several studies have shown that coagulation factor consumption may be reduced by CI compared to repetitive bolus injections (BI) since unnecessary peaks of factor level are avoided. Concerns have been raised whether continuous infusion of coagulation concentrates is associated with an increased risk of developing inhibitors. However, available data have so far not shown an increased risk for inhibitor development in severe haemophilia patients with more than 50 exposure days of coagulation factor concentrates. Further, previously reported complications when using CI such as phlebitis at the infusion site and pump failure are nowadays very seldom seen when small amounts of heparin are added to the infusion bag, and increased quality of the pumps are available. Over the last decades, numerous reports have confirmed CI to be a safe and effective mode of coagulation factor replacement even in the most challenging surgical procedures, such as total joint arthroplasties.
Chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus showing a discrepancy between serogroup and genotype because of intergenotypic 2b/1b recombination: A pitfall in antiviral therapy with direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: Kurata Hayato , Uchida Yoshihito , Kouyama Jun‐Ichi , Naiki Kayoko , Nakazawa Manabu , Ando Satsuki , Nakao Masamitsu , Motoya Daisuke , Sugawara Kayoko , Inao Mie , Imai Yukinori , Nakayama Nobuaki , Tomiya Tomoaki , Mochida Satoshi
Published: September 2017

A 40‐year‐old male patient with virologic relapse after daclatasvir plus asunaprevir therapy for a serogroup 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection visited our hospital for retreatment. Virologic examinations revealed that a genotype 2b HCV strain carrying both NS3‐S122N / D168A and NA5A‐R30Q / L31M / Q54H / Y93H mutations had relapsed. The patient received sofosbuvir plus ribavirin therapy, but virologic relapse occurred once again. Sequencing of the HCV genome clarified an intergenotypic recombination of 2b and 1b with an estimated crossover point between nucleotides 3114 and 3115, corresponding to the N‐terminal end of the NS3 region (DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases accession no. LC273304). The NS5B‐S282T mutation was not detected in the HCV strain, and resistance‐association substitutions in the NS3 and NS5A regions were similar to those at baseline. Direct sequencing of the core and NS4A regions corresponding to the targeting sites of genotyping and serogrouping, respectively, is useful to determine the combination of direct‐acting antivirals when a discrepancy is observed between the serogroup and genotype of HCV strains.
Wnt7a induces a unique phenotype of monocyte‐derived macrophages with lower phagocytic capacity and differential expression of pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Wallace Jennillee , Lutgen Victoria , Avasarala Sreedevi , St. Croix Brad , Winn Robert A. , Al‐Harthi Lena
Published: September 2017

The variation of macrophage functions suggests the involvement of multiple signalling pathways in fine tuning their differentiation. Macrophages that originate from monocytes in the blood migrate to tissue in response to homeostatic or ‘danger’ signals and undergo substantial morphological and functional modifications to meet the needs of the dominant signals in the microenvironment. Wnts are secreted glycoproteins that play a significant role in organ and cell differentiation, yet their impact on monocyte differentiation is not clear. In this study, we assessed the role of Wnt1 and Wnt7a on the differentiation of monocytes and the subsequent phenotype and function of monocyte‐derived macrophages (MDMs). We show that Wnt7a decreased the expression of CD14, CD11b, CD163 and CD206, whereas Wnt1 had no effect. The Wnt7a effect on CD11b was also observed in the brain and spleen of Wnt7a−/− adult brain mouse tissue and in embryonic Wnt7a−/− tissue. Wnt7a reduced the phagocytic capacity of M‐MDMs, decreased interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and IL‐12 secretion and increased IL‐6 secretion. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that Wnt7a generates an MDM phenotype with both pro‐inflammatory and alternative MDM cytokine profiles and reduced phagocytic capacity. As such, Wnt7a can have a significant impact on macrophage responses in health and disease.
Analysts' Strategic Distortion during IPO Waves
Authors: Yu Yan , Chen Jing , Tang Ya , Xu Jianguo
Published: September 2017

We study analysts' strategic distortion during different stages of initial public offering (IPO) waves. We find analysts affiliated with leading underwriters time the market and “speak in two tongues” in recommendations and forecasts when they balance between conflicting interests of corporate finance clients and brokerage clients. They are more optimistic than nonaffiliated analysts in recommendations, but not in earnings forecasts in the early stages of IPO waves. More positive recommendations help them win a larger share of the booming IPO business. This distortion is absent in the late stages of IPO waves. We also find that the market discounts strong‐buy recommendations from affiliated analysts in the early stages of IPO waves.
Survey of Rainwater Catchment Use and Practices on Hawaii Island
Authors: Donohue Mary J. , Macomber Patricia S.H. , Okimoto Darren , Lerner Darren T.
Published: September 2017

The harvesting of rainwater for domestic use on Hawaii Island is widespread, particularly in areas not served by municipal water. Rainwater catchment is currently unregulated in Hawaii with the responsibility of installing and maintaining appropriate systems on owners and users. Well‐designed and maintained rainwater catchment systems are more likely to provide water free of pathogens than poorly designed or maintained systems. We conducted outreach to rural Hawaii Island communities on rainwater catchment best practices and explored household uses and practices associated with these systems via survey of 110 individuals. Nearly 90% (N=96) of all survey respondents used harvested rainwater as a potable water source or for bathing, and we estimate only 66% of those systems may reasonably be expected to produce safe drinking water. Reported testing frequency of captured rainwater falls below recommended levels and varies significantly with rainwater use and system adequacy. Outreach was effective in changing perceptions on rainwater catchment as evidenced by individuals’ reported beliefs before and after engagement. The majority (N=75) of all survey respondents reported they will change how they maintain their catchment systems, and over 50% (N=61) reported they will change their catchment system elements, as a result of outreach. We conclude there is a demonstrated need for ongoing, professional, evidence‐based outreach programs to serve rainwater catchment system users in Hawaii.
Model Water Transfer Mechanisms as a Drought Preparation System
Authors: Pease Mike , Snyder Tricia
Published: September 2017

This article evaluates the suitability of two supply‐side drought management tools, Emergency Water Banks and Strategic Water Reserves for multi‐year severe drought periods. The limited sample‐size related to the implementation of either makes direct comparison impossible, but through case studies some cursory evaluation as to their efficacy and their limitations is possible. These short‐term tools take different approaches to increase the amount of water available for reallocation during drought. While neither are stand‐alone solutions, and may not be suitable for continual use, both hold potential to provide short‐term relief during periods of severe shortage. Both however, carry drawbacks that can undermine their efficacy, or preclude adequate support for their implementation.
The Extent and Nature of Potential Flood Damage to Commercial Property Structures in the Midwestern United States
Authors: Shultz Steven
Published: September 2017

Prior research on the extent of potential flood damage in the U.S. has focused on single‐family residential structures, whereas this study evaluates the extent and nature of potential flood damage to commercial structures in two locations. Commercial buildings represent 13% of all structures in the 100‐year floodplain in Sarpy County (Omaha, NE) and 16% in Fargo/Moorhead (ND and MN), yet account for half of total potential flood damage exposure as represented by depreciated structural replacement values (DSRVs). The most frequent commercial structures are special use, warehouse, and industrial properties, which are all well suited to DSRVs estimation. Commercial building characteristics are highly heterogeneous, making the extrapolation of their potential flood damage based on sample observations problematic. Commercial floodplain structures are older and/or less maintained and less valuable than non‐floodplain structures, which, combined with the fact that higher valued multiple family, retail, and office structures were relatively rare in the 100‐year floodplain, indicates that commercial property owners in general exhibit rational flood risk avoidance.
The determination of the axial Young's modulus of honeycomb specimens under bending
Authors: Drach Andrew , Kovar Desiderio , Mikulak James K. , Rodin Gregory J.
Published: September 2017

For solid specimens, Young's modulus is commonly determined from straightforward uniaxial tension experiments. However, honeycomb specimens are far more challenging to test in tension, and it is therefore desirable to conduct bending experiments to determine Young's modulus. The premise of this work is that the bending response of honeycomb specimens may be significantly different from that of solid specimens, and therefore it is necessary to establish a sound protocol for the determination of the axial Young's modulus of honeycomb specimens under bending. Toward this goal, we present results of a study that combines experimental, finite element simulation, and classical beam theory approaches. These results confirm that accurate measurements of Young's modulus of honeycombs require careful consideration of the specimen geometry and analysis of the data. We demonstrate that the use of conventional Bernoulli‐Euler's beam theory to interpret the data requires very slender specimens. We also show that less slender specimens can be used if the experimental data is interpreted on the basis of three‐dimensional elasticity theory and numerical simulations. A third option is to use a combination of moderately slender specimens and Timoshenko's beam theory.
Thermal stability and electric‐field‐induced strain behaviors for PIN‐PSN‐PT piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Lin Dabin , Zhou Shun , Liu Weiguo , Li Fei
Published: September 2017

Pb (In1/2Nb1/2) O3‐Pb (Sc1/2Nb1/2) O3‐PbTiO3 (PIN‐PSN‐PT) ternary ceramics with compositions near morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) were fabricated by solid‐state‐sintering process. Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of xPIN‐yPSN‐zPT (x = 0.19, 0.23 and z = 0.365, 0.385) ceramics were investigated as a function of temperature, showing high Tr‐t and Tc on the order of 160 ~ 200°C and 280 ~ 290°C, respectively. The xPIN‐yPSN‐0.365PT (x = 0.19 and 0.23) ceramics do not depolarize at the temperature up to 200°C, showing a better thermal stability when compared to the state‐of‐the‐art relaxor‐PbTiO3 systems. A slight variation (<9%) of kp, kt, and k33 was observed in the temperature range of 25°C‐160°C for xPIN‐yPSN‐0.385PT (x = 0.19 and 0.23) ceramics. Rayleigh analysis was employed to quantify the contribution of domain wall motion to piezoelectric response, where the domain wall contribution was found to increase with composition approaching MPB for PIN‐PSN‐PT system.
Structure and physical properties of Ge15Sb20Se65‐xSx glasses
Authors: Wang Rongping , Xu Qin , Liu Haitao , Sheng Yan , Yang Xinyu
Published: September 2017

We explored the structure and physical properties of Ge15Sb20Se65‐xSx (with x = 0, 16.25, 32.5, 48.75, and 65) glasses in order to screen the best compositions for the applications in photonics, since the laser damage thresholds in Se‐based glasses are too low although their optical nonlinearities are high. We found that, linear and nonlinear refractive index of the glasses decreased, but glass transition temperature Tg, optical bandgap Eg and the laser damage threshold increased with increasing S content. We further employed Raman scattering and high‐resolution X‐ray photoelectron spectra to probe the structure of the glasses. Through the analysis of the evolution of the different structural units in the glasses, it was concluded that, the heteropolar bonds (Ge–Se/S, Sb–Se/S) were dominated in these glasses. With the increase in chalcogen Se/S ratio, the number of the Se‐related chemical bonds (Ge–Se, Sb–Se and Se–Se) increased and that of S‐related chemical bond (Ge–S, Sb–S and S–S) decreased gradually, and Ge was prior to bond with S rather than Se. The elemental substitution thus had negligible effect on the glass structure. The change of the physical properties was mainly due to the difference of the strength of the chemical bonds between S–Ge(Sb) and Se–Ge(Sb).
Insights into the evolution of carbonate‐bearing kaolin during sintering revealed by in situ hyperspectral Raman imaging
Authors: Stange Kerstin , Lenting Christoph , Geisler Thorsten
Published: September 2017

Sintering reactions of clay bodies have previously been studied by numerous experiments that involve quenching of the sintered ceramic bodies to room temperature and analyzing the reaction product by different analytical techniques. In this study, green bodies containing quartz, alkali feldspar, kaolinite, and calcite, were progressively fired in air at various temperatures from room temperature to about 1060°C. For the first time, mineral reactions and textural relationships were studied in situ as a function of temperature and time with a spatial resolution of a few micrometers by confocal hyperspectral Raman imaging. Gehlenite, wollastonite, and pseudowollastonite could unambiguously be identified as newly formed phases during sintering, and their textural evolution could be followed with temperature and time. From 800°C onwards wollastonite formed at the direct contact to gehlenite, whereby at temperatures higher than 990°C wollastonite seems to be gradually replacing gehlenite. The crystallization of pseudowollastonite was observed already ~290°C below the accepted critical temperature (~1125°C) for the wollastonite‐to‐pseudowollastonite transformation, suggesting that pseudowollastonite can form metastably. The results of this study demonstrate that hyperspectral Raman imaging is a powerful method to study in situ phase transitions and recrystallization processes at grain boundaries during high‐temperature sintering of ceramic materials.
Compositional effects on the crosslink density of Ca–(Mg)–(Y)–Si–Al–oxyfluoronitride glasses
Authors: Clausell Carolina , Barba Antonio , Jarque Juan Carlos , García‐Bellés Ángel R. , Pomeroy Michael J. , Hampshire Stuart
Published: September 2017

The effects of fluorine and nitrogen substitution for oxygen in aluminosilicate glasses, effectively oxyfluoronitride (OFN) glasses, modified by calcium, calcium–yttrium or calcium–magnesium on thermal and physical/mechanical properties have been compared. Thus, 42 glasses in the Ca–(Mg)–(Y)–Si–Al–O–(N)–(F) system have been prepared and characterized with respect to density (ρ), molar volume (MV), compactness (C), free volume (FV), glass transition temperatures measured by DTA (Tg,DTA) and dilatometry (Tg,dil), dilatometric softening point (TDS), microhardness (μHv) and Young's modulus (E). Gradients of property variation with nitrogen or fluorine substitutions for oxygen are similar for all three different oxyfluoronitride glass systems and are comparable with those reported for other OFN glasses, again indicating independent and additive effects of nitrogen and fluorine. In attempting to further understand how fluorine affects the cross‐link density (CLD) in OFN glasses, it becomes apparent that it is necessary to allow for a greater contribution by aluminum in a modifier role as fluorine content is increased. This modified calculation of CLD values results in good linear fits between Tg and CLD values. This analysis clearly demonstrates and endorses the concepts that thermal properties are related to CLD while physical/mechanical properties are dependent on glass compactness.