bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conical intersection and coherent vibrational dynamics in alkyl iodides captured by attosecond transient absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Chang Kristina F. , Wang Han , Poullain Sonia M. , González-Vázquez Jesús , Bañares Luis , Prendergast David , Neumark Daniel M. , Leone Stephen R.
Published: March 2022

The photodissociation dynamics of alkyl iodides along the C–I bond are captured by attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) transient absorption spectroscopy employing resonant ∼20 fs UV pump pulses. The methodology of previous experiments on CH3I [Chang et al., J. Chem. Phys. 154, 234301 (2021)] is extended to the investigation of a C–I bond-breaking reaction in the dissociative A-band of C2H5I, i-C3H7I, and t-C4H9I. Probing iodine 4d core-to-valence transitions in the XUV enables one to map wave packet bifurcation at a conical intersection in the A-band as well as coherent vibrations in the ground state of the parent molecules. Analysis of spectroscopic bifurcation signatures yields conical intersection crossing times of 15 ± 4 fs for CH3I, 14 ± 5 fs for C2H5I, and 24 ± 4 fs for i-C3H7I and t-C4H9I, respectively. Observations of coherent vibrations, resulting from a projection of A-band structural dynamics onto the ground state by resonant impulsive stimulated Raman scattering, indirectly reveal multimode C–I stretch and CCI bend vibrations in the A-bands of C2H5I, i-C3H7I, and t-C4H9I.
Cutting-edge nano-LED technology
Authors: Mikulics Martin , Mayer Joachim , Hardtdegen Hilde Helen
Published: March 2022

In this Perspective, we will introduce possible future developments on group III-nitride nano-LEDs, which are based on current achievements in this rapidly arising research-technological field. First, the challenges facing their fabrication and their characteristics will be reported. These developments will be set in a broader context with primary applications in lighting, display technology, biology, and sensing. In the following, we will center on advanced applications in microscopy, lithography, communication, and optical computing. We will discuss unconventional device applications and prospects for emerging photon source-based technologies. Beyond conventional and current achievements in optoelectronics, we will present hybrid nano-LED architectures. Novel device concepts potentially could play an essential role in future photon source developments and serve as a key component for optical computing. Therefore, forefront fully photon operated logic circuits, photon-based computational processors, and photon driving memories will be discussed. All these developments will play a significant role in a future highly secure, low energy consuming green IT. Besides today's environmentally friendly terrestrial industrial and information technologies, an enormous potential of nano-LED technology for a large range of applications especially in the next stage of space research is envisaged.
Mitigating camera trap loss using permanent security posts: 10 years of development
Authors: Meek P. D. , Ballard G. A. , Abell J. , Perrie S. , Blackford A. , Jones R. , Fleming P. J. S.
Published: March 2022

Camera traps provide a valuable tool for surveying wildlife, but theft and vandalism can be costly and pose a constant threat to image data integrity and continuity. Permanent, secure posts represent one solution, but they need constant innovation to account for the persistence and ingenuity of camera trap vandals and thieves. Here we outline the progression of designs for a bollard-style housing used to mitigate theft and damage of camera traps placed for continuous monitoring of predators and other wildlife along tracks. The evolving design process over a 10 year period was driven by ongoing attacks on the posts and finally our endeavours to counter what we considered might be the next attack on our design. The current security posts have not been breached to date, producing a design that we consider the most formidable.
Artificial Skin and Biopolitical Masks, or How to Deal with Face-Habits
Authors: Voto Cristina
Published: March 2022

Building on the case study of the performative practice of voguing within ballroom culture among LGBTQIA+ communities, the aim of this article is to recognize a facial agency capable of putting into tension three thresholds of meaning: visibility and invisibility; identity and otherness; nature and artifice. On the basis of these tensions, interpretive habits concerning identity are incorporated into the face as a semiotic dispositif that negotiate sociocultural expectations and limitations. These habits, when agentively performed through the face, give shape to a communicative project that manipulates platforms of identity into biopolitical masks. The analysis will also give an account of how “worn” biopolitical masks reproduce and perform a facial monstrum, or warning, and how this specification warns others of the normativity of aesthetic and biopolitical appearance while activating an intentional transformation of identity.
Cd-doping effects in Ni–Mn–Sn: experiment and ab-initio study
Authors: Ghazinezhad Z , Kameli P , Ghotbi Varzaneh A , Sarsari I Abdolhosseini , Norouzi-Inallu M , Amiri T , Salazar D , Rodríguez-Crespo B , Vashaee D , Etsell T H , Chernenko V
Published: March 2022

Martensitic transformation (MT), magnetic properties, and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in Heusler-type Ni47Mn40Sn13−x
Cd
x
(x= 0, 0.75, 1, 1.25 at. %) metamagnetic shape memory alloys (MetaMSMAs) are investigated, both experimentally and theoretically, as a function of doping with Cd. Ab-initio computations reveal that the ferromagnetic (FM) configuration is energetically more favorable in the cubic phase than the antiferromagnetic (AFM) state in undoped and doped alloys as well. Moreover, it is revealed that the alloys in the ground state exhibit a tetragonal structure confirming the existence of MT, in agreement with the experiments. It was indicated, both in theory and practice, that a reduction of the unit cell volume and an increase of the MT temperature as a function of the Cd doping. Indirect estimations of MCE in the vicinity of MT were carried out by using thermomagnetization curves measured under different magnetic fields up to 5 T. The results demonstrated that the doped alloys exhibit enhanced values of the inverse MCE comparable with those of Ni-Mn-based MetaMSMAs. Maximum magnetic entropy change in a field change of 2 T increases from 3.0

J

.k

g

−
1

K

−
1

for the undoped alloy to 3.4 and 5.0

J

.k

g

−
1

K

−
1

for the alloys doped with 0.75 and 1 at.% of Cd, respectively. The inverse and conventional MCE were explored by direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change under the magnetic field change of 1.96 T. The Cd doping increased the maximum of inverse MCE by nearly 78% from 0.9 K to 1.6 K for the undoped and doped alloys, respectively. The results depicted that Cd doping can effectively tailor the structural, magnetic, and MCE properties of the Ni–Mn–Sn MetaMSMAs.
Inverting cosmic ray propagation by convolutional neural networks
Authors: Tsai Yue-Lin Sming , Chung Yi-Lun , Yuan Qiang , Cheung Kingman
Published: March 2022

We propose a machine learning method to investigate the propagation of cosmic
rays based on the precisely measured spectra of the primary and secondary cosmic
ray nuclei of Li, Be, B, C, and O from AMS-02, ACE, and Voyager-1. We train two
convolutional neural networks. One network learns how to infer propagation and
source parameters from the energy spectra of cosmic rays, and the other network,
which is similar to the former, has the flexibility to learn from the data with
added artificial fluctuations. Together with the simulated data generated by
GALPROP, we find that both networks can properly invert the propagation
process and infer the propagation and source parameters reasonably well.
This approach can be much more efficient than the traditional Markov chain
Monte Carlo fitting method for deriving the propagation parameters if users
choose to update confidence intervals with new experimental data.
Both of the trained networks are available at (https://github.com/alan200276/CR_ML).
Far-field electric potentials provide access to the output from the spinal cord from wrist-mounted sensors
Authors: Mendez Guerra Irene , Barsakcioglu Deren Y , Vujaklija Ivan , Wetmore Daniel Z , Farina Dario
Published: March 2022

Objective. Neural interfaces need to become more unobtrusive and socially acceptable to appeal to general consumers outside rehabilitation settings. Approach. We developed a non-invasive neural interface that provides access to spinal motor neuron activities from the wrist, which is the preferred location for a wearable. The interface decodes far-field potentials present at the tendon endings of the forearm muscles using blind source separation. First, we evaluated the reliability of the interface to detect motor neuron firings based on far-field potentials, and thereafter we used the decoded motor neuron activity for the prediction of finger contractions in offline and real-time conditions. Main results. The results showed that motor neuron activity decoded from the far-field potentials at the wrist accurately predicted individual and combined finger commands and therefore allowed for highly accurate real-time task classification. Significance. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of a non-invasive, neural interface at the wrist for precise real-time control based on the output of the spinal cord.
Photonic dot-product engine for optical signal and information processing
Authors: Luan Enxiao , Salmani Mahsa , Eshaghi Armaghan
Published: March 2022

In this paper, a novel 2 × 2 Mach–Zehnder-interferometer (MZI)-based dot-product calculator is proposed and analyzed in the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. To calculate the dot product, a phase-shifted Bragg grating (PSBG) modulator is placed in each arm of the MZI for the phase modulation at the resonant wavelength, followed by a 3 dB 2 × 2 directional coupler (DC) as the output to convert the phase difference into the intensity distribution across bar and cross ports. Moreover, an electro-absorption modulator (EAM) is implemented between the PSBG and the DC to change the intensity of the passing light in both arms. Theoretical modeling shows that by adjusting the phase difference and absorption strength individually, multiplication of two input values can be achieved using the proposed design. Numerical analysis over 10 000 dot-product operations with 7 bit precision for input values reveals a mean squared error (MSE) of 2.67 × 10−5. By cascading multiple proposed designs operated at different wavelengths, vector-by-vector multiplication can be realized in parallel, leveraging the wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) scheme and the Bragg reflection mechanism, with results superior to the current and prior MZI-based processors with coherent light sources. This design paves the way for large-scale optical information processing systems with high throughput.
First-principles investigation of the significant anisotropy and ultrahigh thermoelectric efficiency of a novel two-dimensional Ga2I2S2 at room temperature
Authors: Chang Zheng , Liu Ke , Sun Zhehao , Yuan Kunpeng , Cheng Shuwen , Gao Yufei , Zhang Xiaoliang , Shen Chen , Zhang Hongbin , Wang Ning , Tang Dawei
Published: March 2022

Two-dimensional (2D) thermoelectric (TE) materials have been widely developed; however, some 2D materials exhibit isotropic phonon, electron transport properties, and poor TE performance, which limit their application scope. Thus, exploring excellent anisotropic and ultrahigh-performance TE materials are very warranted. Herein, we first investigate the phonon thermal and TE properties of a novel 2D-connectivity ternary compound named Ga2I2S2. This paper comprehensively studies the phonon dispersion, phonon anharmonicity, lattice thermal conductivity, electronic structure, carrier mobility, Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and the dimensionless figure of merit (ZT) versus carrier concentration for 2D Ga2I2S2. We conclude that the in-plane lattice thermal conductivities of Ga2I2S2 at room temperature (300 K) are found to be 1.55 W mK−1 in the X-axis direction (xx-direction) and 3.82 W mK−1 in the Y-axis direction (yy-direction), which means its anisotropy ratio reaches 1.46. Simultaneously, the TE performance of p-type and n-type doping 2D Ga2I2S2 also shows significant anisotropy, giving rise to the ZT peak values of p-type doping in xx- and yy-directions being 0.81 and 1.99, respectively, and those of n-type doping reach ultrahigh values of 7.12 and 2.89 at 300 K, which are obviously higher than the reported values for p-type and n-type doping ternary compound Sn2BiX (ZT∼ 1.70 and ∼2.45 at 300 K) (2020 Nano Energy
67 104283). This work demonstrates that 2D Ga2I2S2 has high anisotropic TE conversion efficiency and can also be used as a new potential room-temperature TE material.
Antibody response with SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) in Turkish geriatric population
Authors: Okyar Baş Arzu , Hafizoğlu Merve , Akbiyik Filiz , Güner Oytun Merve , Şahiner Zeynep , Ceylan Serdar , Ünsal Pelin , Doğu Burcu Balam , Cankurtaran Mustafa , Çakir Banu , Ünal Serhat , Halil Meltem Gülhan
Published: March 2022

Background

Sars-CoV-2 infection influences older individuals at the forefront, and there is still limited data on the COVID-19 vaccine response in the geriatric population. This study aimed to assess antibody response after vaccination with SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine and examine possible factors affecting this response in a geriatric population.

Methods

individuals who have been on at least the 28th day after the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine were included. Comprehensive geriatric assessment tools and the Clinical Frailty Scale were performed. SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgG antibodies were detected and, levels ≥1 U/ml were defined as seropositive, <1 U/ml were defined as seronegative.

Results

a total of 497 patients were included and divided into three groups according to the days past after the second dose of the vaccine (Group 1: 28–59 days, Group 2: 60–89 days and Group 3: 90 days and more). Groups included 188, 148 and 171 patients, respectively. Seropositivity rate in each group was 80.9,73.2 and 57.3%, respectively. In Groups 1 and 2, Charlson Comorbidity Index score was higher in the seronegative group (P = 0.023 and P = 0.011, respectively). In Group 3, the prevalence of frailty was significantly higher in the seronegative group (P = 0.002).

Conclusion

to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study assessing the antibody response after vaccination with Sars-CoV 2 inactivated vaccine in the Turkish geriatric population. Moreover, this is the first study revealing the relationship between antibody response and frailty. Larger studies are needed to confirm the antibody response duration and the association between frailty and COVID-19 vaccine response.
The Natopolitan Youth
Authors: Cotton Jess
Published: March 2022

Childhood studies are getting older: a new wave of publications reveals a growing interest in the figure of the teenager and the various ways that the young were made an important part of the Cold War agenda. Through readings across postwar literature, culture, and social organizations that orient themselves around youth, these studies show how youth culture at once intensifies and unravels ideas of American exceptionalism. The young, as these studies show, serve as a political and culture mechanism to negotiate fantasies of national greatness and to underpin ideas of nostalgia—ideas that are at the heart of American studies’ own interest in innocent and immature figures. Despite the fantasies of consumer culture that locate freedom in the figure of the young, to grow up in the postwar US was often to exist on stilled, sentimental, or depressive time; to be at once co-opted into state agendas whilst deprived of political agency. If the teenager posed the ultimate challenge to the conformist and containment strategies of the Cold War period, it becomes an invaluable cultural subject that reveals the fantasies and the anxieties of the US’ shifting conception of itself and its imperial power in a global world.
A knowledge-driven network for fine-grained relationship detection between miRNA and disease
Authors: Yu Shengpeng , Wang Hong , Liu Tianyu , Liang Cheng , Luo Jiawei
Published: March 2022

Increasing biological evidence indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a vital role in exploring the pathogenesis of various human diseases (especially in tumors). Mining disease-related miRNAs is of great significance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Compared with the traditional experimental methods with the significant limitations of high cost, long cycle and small scale, the methods based on computing have the advantages of being cost-effective. However, although the current methods based on computational biology can accurately predict the correlation between miRNAs and disease, they can not predict the detailed association information at a fine level. We propose a knowledge-driven approach to the fine-grained prediction of disease-related miRNAs (KDFGMDA). Different from the previous methods, this method can finely predict the clear associations between miRNA and disease, such as upregulation, downregulation or dysregulation. Specifically, KDFGMDA extracts triple information from massive experimental data and existing datasets to construct a knowledge graph and then trains a depth graph representation learning model based on knowledge graph to complete fine-grained prediction tasks. Experimental results show that KDFGMDA can predict the relationship between miRNA and disease accurately, which is of far-reaching significance for medical clinical research and early diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases. Additionally, the results of case studies on three types of cancers, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and expression difference analysis further provide the effectiveness and feasibility of KDFGMDA to detect potential candidate miRNAs. Availability: Our work can be downloaded from https://github.com/ShengPengYu/KDFGMDA.
Computational methods, databases and tools for synthetic lethality prediction
Authors: Wang Jing , Zhang Qinglong , Han Junshan , Zhao Yanpeng , Zhao Caiyun , Yan Bowei , Dai Chong , Wu Lianlian , Wen Yuqi , Zhang Yixin , Leng Dongjin , Wang Zhongming , Yang Xiaoxi , He Song , Bo Xiaochen
Published: March 2022

Synthetic lethality (SL) occurs between two genes when the inactivation of either gene alone has no effect on cell survival but the inactivation of both genes results in cell death. SL-based therapy has become one of the most promising targeted cancer therapies in the last decade as PARP inhibitors achieve great success in the clinic. The key point to exploiting SL-based cancer therapy is the identification of robust SL pairs. Although many wet-lab-based methods have been developed to screen SL pairs, known SL pairs are less than 0.1% of all potential pairs due to large number of human gene combinations. Computational prediction methods complement wet-lab-based methods to effectively reduce the search space of SL pairs. In this paper, we review the recent applications of computational methods and commonly used databases for SL prediction. First, we introduce the concept of SL and its screening methods. Second, various SL-related data resources are summarized. Then, computational methods including statistical-based methods, network-based methods, classical machine learning methods and deep learning methods for SL prediction are summarized. In particular, we elaborate on the negative sampling methods applied in these models. Next, representative tools for SL prediction are introduced. Finally, the challenges and future work for SL prediction are discussed.
Evidence that reduction of the apertural closing apparatus has no decisive effect on water loss in the land snail family Clausiliidae (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora)
Authors: Páll-Gergely Barna , Hettyey Attila , Turóci Ágnes , Fehér Zoltán
Published: March 2022

Apertural barriers of land snails are thought to increase their shell’s effectiveness against dehydration and predation. The most complex apertural barrier among stylommatophoran snails is the clausiliar apparatus (CA) of Clausiliidae. Alopia is a unique genus in having a remarkably high proportion of taxa with a naturally reduced CA, representing at least five independent reduction events. We tested the prevailing hypothesis that the primary role of the CA within the door snail family is to help retain body moisture. In a laboratory experiment, we compared the water loss of two Alopia taxa with naturally reduced and two Alopia taxa with complete CAs. There was a detectable difference in the rate of water loss, but no relationship with the presence/absence of the CA could be shown. In another laboratory experiment, this time in Alinda biplicata, we did not detect significantly higher water loss in specimens from which the clausiliar plate was artificially removed compared to those left intact.

These results suggest that the CA has no significant role in water retention but its actual function remains speculative. A possible explanation, which requires further work, could be that the CA provides protection against specific predators intruding through the aperture.
Ictal neural oscillatory alterations precede sudden unexpected death in epilepsy
Authors: Gu Bin , Levine Noah G. , Xu Wenjing , Lynch Rachel M. , Pardo-Manuel de Villena Fernando , Philpot Benjamin D.
Published: March 2022

Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy is the most catastrophic outcome of epilepsy. Each year there are as many as 1.65 cases of such death for every 1000 individuals with epilepsy. Currently, there are no methods to predict or prevent this tragic event, due in part to a poor understanding of the pathologic cascade that leads to death following seizures. We recently identified enhanced seizure-induced mortality in four inbred strains from the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross mouse population. These mouse models of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy provide a unique tool to systematically examine the physiological alterations during fatal seizures, which can be studied in a controlled environment and with consideration of genetic complexity. Here, we monitored the brain oscillations and heart functions before, during, and after non-fatal and fatal seizures using a flurothyl-induced seizure model in freely moving mice. Compared with mice that survived seizures, non-survivors exhibited significant suppression of brainstem neural oscillations that coincided with cortical epileptic activities and tachycardia during the ictal phase of a fatal seizure. Non-survivors also exhibited suppressed delta (0.5–4 Hz)/gamma (30–200 Hz) phase-amplitude coupling in cortex but not in brainstem. A connectivity analysis revealed elevated synchronization of cortex and brainstem oscillations in the delta band during fatal seizures compared with non-fatal seizures. The dynamic ictal oscillatory and connectivity features of fatal seizures provide insights into sudden unexpected death in epilepsy and may suggest biomarkers and eventual therapeutic targets.
Perceptions of delay when afflicted by an acute myocardial infarction during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Granström Johanna , Lantz Pontus , Lidin Matthias , Wahlström Maria , Nymark Carolin
Published: March 2022

Aims

To describe the perceptions of delay in medical care-seeking, when afflicted by an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during the first wave of the pandemic.

Methods and results

A qualitative descriptive study with an inductive approach. Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted, analysed by qualitative content analysis with a manifest approach. One category and six sub-categories emerged. The decision was reached when the health threat was perceived as critical, which made the earlier thoughts of the pandemic fade away. The risk of infection during medical visits caused fear of contracting the disease. This resulted in hesitation, neglect of symptoms, and avoidance of healthcare visits. Following recommendations from authorities and media about personal responsibility was motivated by fear, affecting the care-seeking.

Conclusion

It appears that the COVID-19 pandemic raised the threshold for deciding to seek medical care when presenting with an AMI. The pandemic led to increased patient delay due to several reasons among which fear of contracting the disease was prominent. The emotion of fear was related to the external threat to one's own health, due to COVID-19, and not fear of symptoms related to an AMI. The media reporting the healthcare system as overloaded increased insecurity and may have had an influence on delay.
Air entrapment as a potential cause of early subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator malfunction: a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Ali Hussam , Lupo Pierpaolo , Foresti Sara , De Ambroggi Guido , De Lucia Carmine , Penela Diego , Turturiello Dario , Paganini Edoardo Maria , Cappato Riccardo
Published: March 2022

Aims

Air entrapment (AE) has been reported as a potential cause of early inappropriate shocks (ISs) following subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD) implantation, but a cause–effect relationship is not always evident. This systematic review aims to analyse this phenomenon concerning implantation techniques, electrogram (EGM) features, radiologic findings, and patient management.

Methods and results

A systematic search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar databases following the PRISMA guidelines to obtain all available literature data since 2010 on S-ICD malfunctions possibly due to AE. The final analysis included 54 patients with AE as a potential cause of S-ICD malfunction. Overall, the aggregate incidence of this condition was 1.2%. Of ICD malfunctions possibly due to AE, 93% were ISs, and 95% were recorded within the first week following implantation. Radiologic diagnosis of AE was confirmed in 28% of the entire study cohort and in 68% of patients in whom this diagnostic examination was reported. At the time of device malfunction, EGMs showed artefacts, baseline drift, and QRS voltage reduction in 95, 76, and 67% of episodes, respectively. Management included ICD reprogramming or testing, no action (observation), and invasive implant revision in 57, 33, and 10% of patients, respectively. No recurrences occurred during follow-up, irrespective of management performed.

Conclusions

Device malfunction possibly due to AE may occur in ∼1% of S-ICD recipients. Diagnosis is strongly suggested by early occurrence, characteristic EGM features, and radiologic findings. Non-invasive management, principally device reprogramming, appears to be effective in most patients.
Enhancing seismic calving event identification in Svalbard through empirical matched field processing and machine learning
Authors: Köhler A , Myklebust E B , Mæland S
Published: March 2022

Seismic signals generated by iceberg calving can be used to monitor ice loss at tidewater glaciers with high temporal resolution and independent of visibility. We combine the empirical matched field (EMF) method and machine learning using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for calving event detection at the Spitsbergen (SPITS) seismic array and the single broad-band station KBS on the Arctic Archipelago of Svalbard. EMF detection with seismic arrays seeks to identify all signals generated by events in a confined target region similar to single P and/or S phase templates by assessing the beam power obtained using empirical phase delays between the array stations. The false detection rate depends on threshold settings and therefore needs appropriate tuning or, alternatively, post-processing. We combine the EMF detector at the SPITS array, as well as an STA/LTA (short term average/long term average) detector at the KBS station, with a post-detection classification step using CNNs. The CNN classifier uses waveforms of the three-component record at KBS as input. We apply the methodology to detect and classify calving events at tidewater glaciers close to the KBS station in the Kongsfjord region in Northwestern Svalbard. In a previous study, a simpler method was implemented to find these calving events in KBS data, and we use it as the baseline in our attempt to improve the detection and classification performance. The CNN classifier is trained using classes of confirmed calving signals from four different glaciers in the Kongsfjord region, seismic noise examples and regional tectonic seismic events. Subsequently, we process continuous data of six months in 2016. We test different CNN architectures and data augmentations to deal with the limited training data set available. Targeting Kronebreen, one of the most active glaciers in the Kongsfjord region, we show that the best performing models significantly improve the baseline classifier. This result is achieved for both the STA/LTA detection at KBS followed by CNN classification, as well as EMF detection at SPITS combined with a CNN classifier at KBS, despite of SPITS being located at 100 km distance from the target glacier in contrast to KBS at 15 km distance. Our results will further increase confidence in estimates of ice loss at Kronebreen derived from seismic observations which in turn can help to better understand the impact of climate change in Svalbard.
Crested Wheatgrass,

L

.

Hesperius

Control, 1975
Authors: Hagen Arthur F.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied to plots located in an established stand of crested wheatgrass. The plots were 12 x 60 feet and arranged in a randomized block design with 5 replications. The test location was on the Joe Goodell farm located in Scotrs Bluff County, Nebraska. Insecticides were broadcast sprayed with a tractor mounted compressed air plot sprayer. Chemicals were mixed with water with a pH of 8.5 and applied at the rate of 5 gallons finished spray per acre. The treatment date was May 26, 1975, at which time the wheatgrass plant bug population was 89.5% adults. The remaining population was 4th and 5th instar nymphs. Pre-treatment and post-treatment plot samples of 25 sweeps per plot were obtained with a standard 12-inch diameter sweep net. Average temperature during rest period was 74.8° F. Wind velocity at application was 3 mph and at sampling varied from 5 to 7 mph. No seed or forage yield data was taken.
Cottonwood Leaf Beetle Control, 1969
Authors: Morris Robert C.
Published: March 2022

In June 1969 Malathion and Dursban were applied with a tractor-mounted ultra low volume sprayer to cottonwoods that had been planted as cuttings the preceeding February. Plots were single, randomly selected rows in the 400-ha planting on Choctaw Island, Arkansas City, Ark. Tree spacing was 3.75 x 3.75 m, and the soil was Robinsonville sandy Loam. C. scripta populations were counted on June 15, before spraying, and again on June 17 and 19, 24 and 72 hours after spraying.
Cottonwood Leaf Beetle Control, 1974
Authors: Morris Robert C.
Published: March 2022

Third-year trees in a 3.75 x 3.75 m spaced planting on Sharkey clay soil at Stoneville, Miss., were heavily infested with C. scripta. Five trees were randomly selected in the 1.62-ha area and inspected for insects on April 30, 1974. On May 3 Dursban was applied to the area with a Span-sprayer delivering 0.59 l/4iQ of spray containing 140 g ai/ha (1/8 lb/A). Post-spray collections of all target and non-target insects were made from each of the five selected trees 20 and 72 hours after spraying.
Yew,

D

.

Wistariae

Control, Indiana, 1975
Authors: Schuder Donald L.
Published: March 2022

An infestation of the taxus mealybug on the old wood of an ornamental planting of yews at the Grant Street Parking Garage was treated experimentally on 28 May. The application was made with a B & G Stainless Steel Sprayer operating at 30 psi. It was partly cloudy and the air temperature was 79°F. The systemic insecticides Di-Syston (rose and flower care) and Orthene 1G (CC 2663) was placed in holes opened with a shovel at four points around each shrub and then watered in with 1.5 gallons water. Every other plant was treated to avoid drift problems. The experiment was replicated 5 times. Six-inch twig samples were removed, placed in paper sacks and counts made under a binocular dissecting microscope in the laboratory.
Famphur Dose Titration for

H

.

Lineatum

Control, 1975
Authors: Bay Darrell E.
Published: March 2022

Mixed breed heifer, bull, and steer calves, averaging 416 lb each, were administered a 35% famphur injectable formulation by intramuscular inoculation on August 13, 1975. Twenty-six animals were assigned to each of 4 treatment groups corresponding to famphur dosage levels of 0, 1, 2, or 3 cc/100 lb body weight. Doses were calculated to the nearest whole cc. Volumes greater than 10 cc were divided in half and infected in 2 sites. Animals were examined for the appearance of warble formation on October 31, November 28, and December 19, 1975. The greatest number of warbles recorded for a single animal was used to analyze data due to variation in the times of appearance of grubs in the back.
Rabon Poultry Feed Additive Fly Larvicide, 1974-1975
Authors: Bay Darrell E.
Published: March 2022

Twenty-five mature hybrid cross laying hens were assigned to each of 5 treatment groups and housed in semi-individual cages for a 10-day acclimation period prior to experimental evaluation. A 1% Rabon premix in ground yellow corn (Code SD 8447 10-37-16-4PMH) was thoroughly blended with 16% protein layer mash to establish treatment levels of 0, 6, 12.5, 25, and 50 ppm Rabon. Birds received feed and water adlibitum for 7 days following which time all food was removed for 18hr prior to fecal collection to prevent contamination. Fifty newly hatched first instar house fly, stable fly, or little house fly larvae of a susceptible strain were added to 100-gm aliquots of respective fecal samples. Ten replications of the house fly and stable fly evaluations were conducted; 5 replicates of the little house fly test were performed. Samples were held at constant conditions of 27°C and 70% RH for adult emergence.
Sheep Ked Control With 1% Diazinon Dust
Authors: Pfadt Robert E. , Loyd John E. , Sharafi G.
Published: March 2022

Three farm flocks of sheep were power dusted with 1% diazinon sheep dust in spring of 1975 after the ewes had been shorn. All sheep in each flock were driven through a curtain of dust expelled by a Howry-Berg sheep duster. Dusting rates were determined by weighing the dust before and after treatment and timing the duration of the dusting period. Parasite density was determined by a total count of adult sheep keds on 5 lambs and 5 ewes of each flock immediately before treatment and again 6 wk later. One untreated check flock was examined for parasite density in the same manner.
Apple, Pre-Bloom Mite Treatments, 1975
Authors: Hill Clarence H.
Published: March 2022

Treatments of two oil formulations along with standard and experimental acaricide sprays were applied to York apples with a Bean, 35 gal per minute hydraulic sprayer at 540 psi to single tree plots replicated 5 times. The oils were applied on April 22. The 7E is the commercial 70 second viscosity superior oil. The 7E TW is a more refined, near technical white, 70 second viscosity oil. A concentrate 7E application was made on the following day. On April 25 at pre-pink stage the additional acaricides were applied. A standard spray program utilizing Captan, Sulfur, Karathane, Agri-strep, and Zolone was utilized during the test period.
Apple, Late Season Leafroller Control, 1975
Authors: Thomas John H.
Published: March 2022

This experiment was designed to determine if one application in early August or one application late in August or two applications in August of selected insecticides would control the tufted apple budmoth and redbanded leafroller. The schedule of materials used per acre (other than the test materials) was: April 14, Difolatan, grower applied; April 25, Oil 7E cone; May 5, Captan 50W 6.0 lb + Sulfur 6.0 lb + Agri-Strep 1.5 lb; May 20, Captan 50W 6.0 lb + Kararhane 1.0 lb + Zolone 3EC 42.0 oz; June 2, Captan 50W 5.0 lb + Phosphamidon 8E 5.0 oz; June 12, Captan 50W 5.0 lb + Kararhane 2.0 lb + Zolone 25W 3.0 lb; June 24, Captan 50W 4.0 lb + Kararhane 1.0 lb + Zolone 25W 3.0 lb; July 11, Captan 50W 4.0 lb + Zolone 25W 3.0 lb; July 28, Captan 80W 2.7 lb + Zolone 3EC 32.0 oz; August 1, Omite 30W 4.0 lb; August 15, Captan 80W 4.0 lb. Two 5-tree plots of Lannate L 32.0 oz/100 gal and Phosvel 45W 1.5 lb/100 gal and one 5-tree plot of Guthion 50W 0.5 lb/100 gal were sprayed dilute with a Bean high pressure sprayer operating at 540 psi on August 1. One of the plots of Lannate L and Phosvel and the Guthion plot sprayed on August 1 were sprayed again on August 20. Also one 5-tree plot unsprayed since July 28 was sprayed with Lannate L and a similar plot was sprayed with Phosvel. The treatments were evaluated by examining 10 leafrolIs/tree (50/treafment) on August 4 and August 26 to determine larval mortality. The apples were examined for leafroller injury on August 28 (50 apples/tree, 250 apples/treatment). Fruit was examined at harvest (October 7) to ascertain the increase in number of damaged apples since the summer examination (August 28). Some apples had more than one type of damage, thus, the total number of apples damaged may be less than combined total number of apples damaged at different times of the season (early + late).
Strawberry Weevil Control, 1975
Authors: Jackson J. O. , Koval C. F.
Published: March 2022

At Hancock, Wisconsin, insecticides were applied to foliage of 3 replicates per treatment at 40 psi using hand sprayers. Two prebloom applications were made May 16 and 23 with each insecticide at a rate of 100 gal per acre, except for one treatment with Thiodan applied only on May 23. Captan fungicide was applied to all plots through harvest (June 25-July 8) for disease control. Strawberry blooms clipped by strawberry weevil were counted in a 20 ft2 sub-plot of each 70-foot row replicate on June 2 and 10. Weevil injury was evaluated as mean percent of blooms clipped.
Control of Chaff Scale on Texas Citrus, 1975
Authors: French J. Victor
Published: March 2022

Selected non-oil scalicides were compared to citrus oil spray (Orchex 796) for control of chaff scale. Treatments were completely randomized in a mature Marrs Early orange orchard (25 ft x 25 ft spacing), wfth each treatment replicated on 4 trees. Foliage was sprayed to runoff, ca. 20 gal/tree, using a Hardie Dilute Sprayer with handgun attachment operating at 550 psi. All treatments were applied between June 11 and 20, 1975. Armored scale counts were made on the fruit harvested from test trees in December, 1975. Fifty fruit (equal numbers from exterior and interior branches) were randomly picked from each treated or control tree and the percent scale-free fruit determined, If 10 or less scale were counted on a fruit it was rated as scale-free. Percentages were transformed to degrees of an angle and subjected to analysis of variance. Means were separated by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, P = 0.05
Foliar Sprays to Control the European Corn Borer in Snap Beans
Authors: Hofmaster R. N.
Published: March 2022

‘Harvester’ snap beans were seeded in 3 ft rows on July 9, 1975. Treatment plots were replicated 4 times and arranged in a randomized block design. Each plot consisted of three 100 ft rows with two untreated buffer rows adjacent to each treatment plot. Insecticides were applied with a trailer-mounted Hudson Porta Power Sprayer at the rate of 100 gal/A at 250 psi, using 6 Myers Fembro nozzles #6251A (#2 discs) per row. Two nozzles were placed directly over the center of the row and 4 nozzles, two spaced about 8 inches apart on drop-lines on each side of the row, directed inward. Applications were made at 4 day and 7 day intervals. Treatment dates for the 4 day interval were: August 14, 18, 22, 26, 30 and Sept 3 and for the 7 day interval: August 14, 21, 28 and Sept 4. One thousand snap bean pods were selected at random from each treatment replicate at harvest on September 6 and the number infested with corn borers recorded.
Snap Beans,

E.

Varivestis

Control
Authors: York Alan C.
Published: March 2022

Bean seed was planted using a Planet Jr in 25ft rows on 30 inch centers on June 5, 1975 near French Lick, Indiana. Eight treatments including 2 checks were arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replicates. Furadan and Dacamox were placed in the seed furrow; Thimet alongside the furrow; and Temik in a band over the row. Soil type was silt loam with fragipans, moderate to poorly drained. Mexican bean beetles (egg masses, larvae, and adults) were counted on 3 sampling dates. Entire plants were examined on the first 2 dates and the total number of insects counted per 1 row foot per replicate. On the last sampling date, only the insects on 10 trifoliate leaves located within 1 row foot were counted due to the extensiveness of plant growth. Plots were harvested by hand on July 23, 1975 (5 row feet per replicate) and weighed.
Broccoli,

T.

Nl

and

P.

Xylostella

Control, 1975
Authors: Lange W. Harry , Kennedy George G.
Published: March 2022

Broccoli ‘DeCicco’ was direct seeded on July 8 in Riverside, California. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Each replicate consisted of a plot 3 rows wide x 20 ft long. Row spacing was 2.5 ft. Adjacent plots were separated by one untreated row (sides) and 5 ft of untreated row (ends). Materials were applied using a tractor-mounted, row-crop sprayer equipped with 3 nozzles/row (D-3 hollow cones with No. 23 core) delivering 60 gal of spray mix/acre at 100 psi. Plants were ca. 8 in. tall when treated on September 9. Biofilm at 6 oz/100 gal was included as a spreader-sticker with all treatments. Populations of larval T.ni and P.xylostella were sampled 2 and 7 days following treatment by examining 10 plants selected from the center row of each plot (40/treatments). Data were transformed to Log10 (X + 1) and subjected to analysis of variance.
Cabbage Looper Control on Cabbage, 1975
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. , Bennett Larry H.
Published: March 2022

‘Golden Acre YR’ was planted August 5. Planting was on 40-inch beds with two seed rows per bed. Individual plots were four beds wide, 25 feet long and replicated four times in a randomized block design. Treatments were started September 9 and were applied on a weekly schedule. Six applications were made during the growing season. All sprays were applied using a 3 gallon pressure-type hand sprayer with a 2-nozzle boom, operated at 45 to 55 psi. Effectiveness of the different treatments was measured by counting the number of cabbage looper eggs and larvae on 20 plants per plot. Worm damage evaluation was made on 25 plants per plot on November 4. A 1 to 5 rating scale range was used: 1 indicating no damage and 5 indicating heavy damage.
Worm Control on Cabbage with Synthetic Pyrethroids, 1975
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. , Bennett Larry H.
Published: March 2022

‘Golden Acre YR’ cabbage was planted August 5 on 40-inch beds, two seed rows per bed. Plots were four beds wide and 25 feet long with each treatment replicated four times in a randomized block design. All plots were treated with Lannate L at 0.67 lb a.i./acre on August 26 to protect the stand prior to thinning. The first test treat-ments were applied September 8 and six subsequent applications were made at weekly intervals during the growing season. The effectiveness of each treatment was assessed by counting the number of cabbage looper and beet armyworm eggs and larvae on twenty plants per plot. Worm damage to the cabbage was evaluated by rating 25 heads. A 1 to 5 rating scale was used: 1 indicated no damage and 5 indicated heavy damage.
Worm Control on Head Lettuce, 1975
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. , Bennett Larry H.
Published: March 2022

‘Great Lakes 659’ variety head lettuce was planted August 25, on 40-inch beds with two seed rows per bed. Plots were four beds wide and 25 feet long for 0.0076 acre. Several insecticides were compared to a check and each treatment was replicated four times in a randomized block design. All plots including the check were treated with Lannate L at 0.67 lb a.i./a on September 8 to protect the stand prior to thinning, the seven test treatments were applied weekly starting September 16. All sprays were applied using a 3 gallon pressure-type hand sprayer with a 2-nozzle boom, operated at 45 to 50 psi. Effectiveness of each treatment was determined by weekly counts of cabbage looper and beet armyworm eggs and larvae on 20 plants per plot.
Control of

A.

Californica

on Lettuce, Salinas, 1975
Authors: McCalley Norman F.
Published: March 2022

Lettuce ‘Calmar’ planted two rows per bed February 24, 1975, was sprayed April 29, using a CO2 back pack sprayer equipped with a single bed hand held boom fitted with 6 Spraying Systems T-jet 8002 flat fan nozzles operated at 40 psi to deliver 100 gal/a dilute spray. Plots were two beds (40 inch centers) x 66 feet, replicated 3 times in a randomized complete block design.
Control of Potato Infesting Wireworms, 1974-75
Authors: Baranowski R. M. , Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

Potato seed pieces were planted 4 inch apart in marl soil on November 8, 1974. Plots consisted of four rows 40 ft long planted on 3 ft centers. Granular broadcast treatments were applied using Gandy applicators. These materials were then incorporated with a rotovator to a depth of 5 to 6 inch on November 8. BAY 92114 4E was applied with a sprinkler can using 1 gallon of water per plot on November 7. Seed piece furrow treatments were applied at planting with a Nobel applicator. Each treatment was randomized and replicated four times. One hundred potatoes were randomly selected from each plot and inspected for wireworm damage. The data (percent damaged tubers) were analyzed using Duncan’s multiple range statistic. Wireworm counts made from soil samples taken September 15 indicated a low population (1.1 larvae per 0.5 ft3 of soil).
P.

Cockerelli

Control with Insecticide Sprays, 1975
Authors: Gerhardt Paul D. , Bennett Larry H.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted March 19 in Laveen clay loam on 34 inch row spacing using a John Deere 2-row planter. Plots were 18 feet long, 2 rows wide and replicated 4 times in a randomized plot design. Treatment materials were applied with a 3 gallon pressure-type sprayer and a light weight 2-nozzle boom operated at 45 to 50 psi. Psyllid nymphs and adults were counted at weekly intervals beginning April 29 on 25 selected leaves from each plot. Psyllid populations were not high in these plots. Potatoes were harvested June 17, 1975 with a one row potato digger. The tubers were graded using the U. S. standards and grades. Yields for each plot and treatment were recorded.
Irish Potato, Control of Colorado Potato Beetle, 1975
Authors: Storch R. H. , Simpson Geddes W.
Published: March 2022

The experiment was a 9 x 6 randomized complete block design planted May 30, 1975 at Presque Isle, Maine on land which was fallow in 1974. The 9.14 m space between blocks was bare soil. The space between columns was machine planted with 4 rows of healthy, untreated seed (56.7 g), 30.5 cm apart. Each plot consisted of 4 rows, 0.86 m apart and 15.24 m long. The 56.7 g healthy seed pieces were hand planted 30.5 cm apart. Fertilization and hilling were normal for the area. Late blight control was effected by weekly foliar applications of Rohm & Haas M45 (1121 ga i/ha July 9 to 31, 1681 ga i/ha August 4 to 20 and 2242 ga i/ha August 25 to 28). Seed treatments were made just prior to planting. Soil treatments were made in the furrow just prior to planting or as a side dressing prior to hilling. Foliar applications were made with a Slosser sprayer (14.1 kg/cm2 and 1.2 kl/ha). Numbers of egg masses, larvae, and adults were counted on 25 whole plants in the center rows of each plot. Analyses of variance were calculated following transformation of the raw data using log10(x + 1). Means of sum of all stages of the beetle were compared with Duncan’s new multiple range test and reconverted in the Table. The soil was classified as Caribou Loam, pH 5.2. For the growing season, rainfall was about 80% of normal and temperatures were about 2°C above normal.