bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METHOD OF USING SODIUM HYALURONATR FOR THE CORRECTION OF LAGOPHTHALMOS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS
Authors: Semak G. R. , Hramyka Ul. V.
Published: November 2024

A method for minimally invasive correction of lagophthalmos and its complications has been developed. Subcutaneous injections of low-molecular and high-molecular sodium hyaluronate (LM-NaH and HM-NaH) forms with different concentrations of the active substance have been proposed as a new method. The experiment has proven the maximum efficiency of 2% high-molecular sodium hyaluronate in maintaining the shape and width of the palpebral fissure (the effect lasts for 4 weeks). Low-molecular sodium hyaluronate form had the best effect on the condition of the ocular surface. These properties can be explained by the large size of high-molecular sodium hyaluronate molecules and the viscosity of the preparation, which allows the substance to be retained in the thickness of the eyelids for a long time, but does not allow it to penetrate the hematophthalmic barrier. The positive results of the experiment made it possible to use this method in clinical practice for patients with lagophthalmos. To date, one patient has been treated who suffered from facial nerve neuritis with subsequent development of lagophthalmos. A combined technique was used with simultaneous use of subcutaneous injections of 2% high-molecular and subconjunctival injections of 1% low-molecular sodium hyaluronate. After three procedures with an interval of 3 weeks between them, positive dynamics were noted in the form of improved closure of the palpebral fissure, an increase in the Schirmer test, and the absence of complaints from the cornea. Thus, we can talk about the effectiveness of this minimally invasive technique for patients with lagophthalmos and its complications with a one-time impact on the maximum possible number of pathogenesis links.
THE METHOD OF DOUBLE CONTRAST IN THE INTRAOPERATIVE DIAGNOSIS OF REGMATOGENIC RETINAL DETACHMENT
Authors: Matyushenko A. G. , Korobov E. N.
Published: November 2024

Usually, the recurrence rate of regmatogenic retinal detachment (ROS) after surgery ranges from 3% to 30%. In cases where the disease recurs after successful surgery, in 60% of cases the main factor is the progression of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR), which makes it one of the most severe complications that can occur in the postoperative period. In addition, after removal or absorption of a tampon agent (in particular, endotamponade with silicone oil), recurrent retinal detachment may occur due to the inability to detect retinal rupture during surgery.

Objective: this study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of diagnostic methods used during operations for regmatogenic retinal detachment. After completing the standard stages of central vitrectomy, the group of patients was divided into two equal groups: the first group included patients who received the double contrast method, and the second group (control) – patients who underwent the traditional surgical method.

Results and discussion: in patients of the control group, there was a significant increase in the number of relapses of ROS. In addition, it was found that an increase in the number of retinal tears correlated with a greater likelihood of macular involvement; Statistical evaluation has shown that the absence of AST and tight adhesion of the posterior hyaloid membrane to the retina and small retinal tears increase the risk of recurrence of ROS due to the progression of PVR.
A CASE OF THE FORMATION OF A ROUGH CYCLITIC MEMBRANE IN A CHILD AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF INTERMEDIATE UVEITIS
Authors: Davydov A. O. , Sarycheva K. E. , Taevere M. R. , Osokin I. G.
Published: November 2024

Intermediate uveitis often occurs asymptomatically, and children tend to underestimate changes in vision until the first complications appear, leading to a prolonged course of the disease without treatment. The formation of opacities in the lens is one of the most common complications of uveitis in children that require surgical intervention. However, lens opacification is often considered in isolation from other changes in the eye, which in turn defines the goal of the surgery as achieving a quick functional result. At the same time, one of the complications of intermediate chronic uveitis, existing alongside cataract, is the cyclitic membrane, which is an important factor in determining the strategy for surgical treatment. This article presents a clinical case of treating complications of uveitis in a child, where the intervention strategy aimed to minimize the number of complications in the future despite the delayed functional outcome.
Unraveling the Nanoscopic Strain Evolution in Single Crystal Cathodes
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Tongchao , Huang Weiyuan , Yu Lei , Li Tianyi , Huang Xiaojing , Xiao Xianghui , Ma Lu , Zhou Tao , Holt Martin V. , Zhang Haozhe , Amine Rachid , Xu Wenqian , Li Luxi , Wen Jianguo , Meng Ying Shirley , Amine Khalil
Published: November 2024

Single-crystal layered oxides (SC-NMC) with grain boundary-free configuration, have effectively addressed the long-standing cracking issue of conventional polycrystalline Ni-rich cathodes (PC-NMC) for lithium-ion batteries, prompting a shift in optimization strategies. However, continued reliance on anisotropic lattice volume change—a well-established failure indicator in PC-NMC—as a metric for understanding lattice strain and guiding compositional designs for SC-NMC becomes contentious. Herein, leveraging multi-scale diagnostic techniques, we unraveled the distinct nanoscopic strain evolution in SC-NMC cathodes, challenging the conventional composition-driven strategies and mechanical degradation indicators used for PC-NMC. Through particle-level chemo-mechanical analysis , we reveal a decoupling between mechanical strain and lattice volume change of SC-NMC, identifying that the structural instability in SC-NMC is primarily driven by multiple-dimension lattice distortions induced by kinetics-driven reaction heterogeneity and progressively deactivating chemical phases. Consequently, the roles of cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) in SC-NMC have been redefined based on the newly established mechanical failure mode. Unlike cobalt’s detrimental role in PC-NMC, we find Co to be critical in enhancing the longevity of SC-NMC cathodes by mitigating localized lattice strain along extended diffusion pathway, whereas Mn exacerbates mechanical degradation. Our findings fundamentally redefine the compositional requirements for SC cathodes compared to conventional NMC cathode systems, offering new insights into developing mechanically robust electrode materials with high capacity and superior durability.
Analysis of safety-related incidents reported at a major North American petrochemical processing facility between 2016 and 2020
Authors: Ménard A. Dana , Trant John
Published: November 2024

Chemistry is a potentially dangerous enterprise. Major incidents in academic and industrial settings are commonly used in the form of case studies to suggest lessons and inspire change; however, a truism of safety studies is that major incidents often arise from the same causes as those that previously caused minor events that remained unaddressed. Major events make up only a very small percentage of the events that could, with multiple failures, lead to the adverse outcomes. In this study we examined 258 routine safety incidents reported between 2016 and 2020 at a major petrochemical processing facility site in North America. Restricting the analysis to incidents that included both chemicals and human error reduced the sample to 75 incidents, which were categorized via quantitative content analysis. Findings showed a significant effect of day of the week; most incidents involved mid-operation errors and related to administrative issues. Findings highlight a culture of reporting even superficially minor incidents, which may lead to improved safety implementation policies that could help prevent major incidents from occurring. We propose a crude measure to determine the rigor of a reporting culture: the incident severity reporting threshold index, the ratio between the number of incidents involving injuries and the total number of reported incidents. We strongly suggest that the severity threshold for reporting be lowered so as to address hazards and emergent risks before they have an opportunity to become dangerous.
Self-assembly of Tyrosine-containing Peptides into Injectable Hydrogels with Distinct Nanostructures is Key in Determining Inflammatory Response of Macrophages
Authors: Wychowaniec Jacek K. , Bektas Ezgi Irem , Mürner Marcia , Sapudom Jiranuwat , Šrejber Martin , Airoldi Marielle , Schmidt Roland , Vernengo Andrea J. , Edwards-Gayle Charlotte J.C. , Tipay Paul Sean , Otyepka Michal , Teo Jeremy , Eglin David , D'Este Matteo
Published: November 2024

Self-assembling peptides (SAPs) are fully defined nanobiomaterials offering unprecedented opportunities to control nanostructure and chemical attributes to investigate and manipulate cellular signals. To investigate the influence of chemical and morphological characteristics on inflammatory signalling in native immunity, we designed five Beta-sheet SAPs: EFEFKFEFK (EF8), YEFEFKFEFK (YEF8), EFEFKFEFKY (EF8Y), YEFEFKFEFKY (YEF8Y) and EYEFKFEFK (EYF8) (F: phenylalanine; E: glutamic acid; K: lysine, Y: tyrosine). The position of tyrosine in the peptide sequence dictated the distinct self-assembly into nanostructures, with sequences EF8Y, YEF8Y, EYF8 self-assembling into thin nanofibers d≈3.8 ± 0.2 nm, YEF8 self-assembling into rod-like flat ribbons d>20 nm and EF8 (control) consisting of both types of self-assembled nanostructures. These distinct nanostructures induced contrasting inflammatory response of monocytic model THP-1 cells-derived macrophages (MΦs). Presence of soluble EF8 nanofibers (at 2 mM) induced anti-inflammatory response and polarization towards an M2 state, whereas YEF8 displayed tendency for inducing pro-inflammatory response and polarization towards M1 state. The EF8Y, YEF8Y, EYF8 SAPs did not induce an inflammatory response in our models. These results were validated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)-derived MΦs from human donors, confirming the critical role of the EF8 and YEF8 SAPs as possible orchestrators of the repair of tissues or inducers of pro-inflammatory state, respectively. The same MΦs polarization responses from THP-1 derived cells cultured on 20 mM hydrogels. These findings will facilitate the utilization of this family of SAPs as immunomodulatory nanobiomaterials potentially changing the course of inflammation during the progression of various diseases.
Drug Binding Modulates Chiral Water Structures in the DNA First Hydration Shell
Authors: Santiago Ty , Konstantinovsky Daniel , Perets Ethan A. , Tremblay Matthew , Hammes-Schiffer Sharon , Yan Elsa C. Y.
Published: November 2024

Knowledge of how intermolecular interactions change hydration structures surrounding DNA will heighten understanding of DNA biology and advance drug development. However, probing changes of DNA hydration structures in response to molecular interactions and drug binding in situ under ambient conditions has remained challenging. Here, we apply a combined experimental and computational approach of chiral-selective vibrational sum frequency generation spectroscopy (chiral SFG) to probe changes of DNA hydration structures when a small-molecule drug, netropsin, binds the minor groove of DNA. Our results show that chiral SFG can detect water being displaced from the minor groove of DNA due to netropsin binding. The results show the promise of chiral SFG in offering mechanistic insights into roles of water in drug development targeting DNA. Our work demonstrates the power of chiral SFG to detect changes in first hydration shell structures of DNA and other biopolymers for investigating molecular mechanisms of biological processes.
Surface States-Induced Light Intensity-Dependent Bipolar Photoelectrodes for Selective Sensing
Authors: Li Wang , Yang Hong , Ruan Qiushi , Shen Yanfei , Liu Songqin , Zhu Haibin , Zhang Yuanjian
Published: November 2024

The mechanism behind photocurrent generation is essential for tuning photoelectrochemical properties of semiconductors and fabricating related devices. As a basic parameter, the photocurrent polarity has been exploited for information processing, and could be regulated by selecting suitable types of semiconductors, external biased potential, or photo energy. Nonetheless, the light intensity is generally thought to affect only the photocurrent intensity rather than the photocurrent polarity. Here, we report a universal strategy to modulate the photocurrent polarity by light intensity, which was also verified by four different semiconductors. The photoelectrochemical kinetics measurements disclosed that the surface states and light intensity jointly played a crucial role in the process of photogenerated carriers transfer, thus determining the photocurrent polarity. Base on the different charge transfer pathways produced under different illumination, a highly selective PEC sensing platform was constructed to specifically recognize dopamine without any modification process.
Ultrasoft, Elastic, and Ionically Conductive Polyethylene Glycol/Ionic Liquid Bottlebrush Ionogels
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Challa Siddhartha , Wu Xia , Wang Shaojia , Pan Peng , Liu Xinyu
Published: November 2024

Ultrasoft conductors have revolutionized the field of electronics by achieving a level of softness comparable to that of biological tissues. However, the inherent difference in charge carriers between conventional ultrasoft electronics (utilizing electrons) and tissues (utilizing ions) could yield high contact impedance, hindering electronic performance for physiological signal recordings. Although ionic hydrogels exhibit ionic conductivity, their high-water content could limit their practical applications. This study proposes a new type of ultrasoft and ionically conductive bottlebrush ionogels (BBIs), leveraging polyethylene glycol (PEG) bottlebrushes and ionic liquids (ILs). The incorporation of IL into PEG bottlebrushes results in a simultaneous enhancement of compliance and ionic conductivity. Specifically, the PEG/IL BBI achieves a Young's modulus of 1.08 kPa, akin to the softest biological tissues such as the brain. To the best of our knowledge, this is the softest ionic conductor ever reported. The introduction of ionic liquids enables an ionic conductivity of 0.14 S/m, rendering it well-suited for integration into ultrasoft electronics. The PEG/IL BBI was further applied as sensors on silkworms and as electrodes on the Venus flytrap and human body. These applications facilitated electrocardiogram recordings and plant signal monitoring, showcasing the potential of this innovative ionically conductive BBI in various physiological environments.
Observational study of student engagement and its relationship to design elements of remote discussion sections
Authors: Shin Ashley , Bhagwandin Dayanni , Prado Rachel , Ghoshal Konkana , Mensah Samantha , Shaked Shanna , Casey Jennifer
Published: November 2024

Intentional course design that promotes student engagement has been shown to enhance academic satisfaction, motivation, and performance. In this work, we investigate key elements of discussion sections that have been highlighted in prior literature and their effects on student engagement in a remote setting. We quantify student engagement through direct measurement of camera, mic, and chat usage in a Zoom-mediated discussion section for university chemistry courses in order to determine student visual and verbal presence. The results of this investigation suggest that design elements of chemistry discussion sections have varying impacts on student behaviors online. The combination of required attendance, instructional staff movement between breakout rooms, and small group sizes are associated with higher camera usage, while the incorporation of assigned activities, groups, and roles lead to further improvements in student use of mic and chat. Additionally, this study shows that the average level of student engagement remains relatively consistent across the academic term, which suggests participation expectations should be set early in the course. Therefore, the design elements explored in this study may be incorporated to increase verbal and visual student presence for best practices in online chemistry discussion sections.
Preface and Introduction: From Indigenous Religions to Indigenous Values Vol. 5 No. 2
Authors: Arnold Philip P. , Bigtree Sandra , Brett Adam DJ
Published: November 2024

The Office of the External Special Rapporteur on Religious Freedom or Belief contacted Philip P. Arnold, the Indigenous Values Initiative (IVI), and the American Indian Law Alliance (AILA), and asked us to join a call to give input on a new report on Indigenous Religious Freedom or Belief. Numerous Indigenous NGOs, Indigenous nations, and leaders were on the call. The Special Rapporteur Ahmed Shaheed and his staff were most receptive to the feedback given and received. In this special issue, you will find a copy of the report and a copy of the input provided by the IVI and AILA, as well as from our friends and colleagues Michael McNally, Lars Pharo, Dana Lloyd and Cecilia Titizano. This is a representative sample of the inputs collected for the report.
Vinculin–Arp2/3 interaction inhibits branched actin assembly to control migration and proliferation
Authors: James John , Fokin Artem I , Guschin Dmitry Y , Wang Hong , Polesskaya Anna , Rubtsova Svetlana N , Clainche Christophe Le , Silberzan Pascal , Gautreau Alexis M , Romero Stéphane
Published: November 2024

Vinculin is a mechanotransducer that reinforces links between cell adhesions and linear arrays of actin filaments upon myosin-mediated contractility. Both adhesions to the substratum and neighboring cells, however, are initiated within membrane protrusions that originate from Arp2/3-nucleated branched actin networks. Vinculin has been reported to interact with the Arp2/3 complex, but the role of this interaction remains poorly understood. Here, we compared the phenotypes of vinculin knock-out (KO) cells with those of knock-in (KI-P878A) cells, where the point mutation P878A that impairs the Arp2/3 interaction is introduced in the two vinculin alleles of MCF10A mammary epithelial cells. The interaction of vinculin with Arp2/3 inhibits actin polymerization at membrane protrusions and decreases migration persistence of single cells. In cell monolayers, vinculin recruits Arp2/3 and the vinculin–Arp2/3 interaction participates in cell–cell junction plasticity. Through this interaction, vinculin controls the decision to enter a new cell cycle as a function of cell density.
Four-dimensional scanning approach to obtain surface data of the face
Authors: Sumita Yuka , Hattori Mariko , Semper-Hogg, Wiebke , Gao Yuan , Zhang Manjin , Wakabayashi Noriyuki
Published: November 2024

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Effects of External Adoption of E-Procurement on Financial Performance in Pakistan’s Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Farooqui Muhammad Hamza , Shamim Moona
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study examines the effects of external adoption of E-procurement on firms’ performance
Design/Methodology/Approach: collected data from supply chain professionals in the manufacturing companies, the study employs a mixed-methods approach using both self-administered and online surveys. A questionnaire used for data collection, and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was employed for data analysis through SmartPLS 3.2.9.
Findings: The results reveal that while external adoption of e-procurement negatively influences financial performance, however it positively impacts information transparency and supply chain integration. Financial performance is not directly increased by Information transparency, though it fosters supply chain integration. Supply chain integration, in turn, positively contributes to financial performance. Moreover, when mediated with supply chain integration external adoption of e-procurement increases financial performance. Furthermore, a sequential mediation effect is observed, where both information transparency and supply chain integration mediate between e-procurement adoption and financial performance.
Implications/Originality/Value: These results offer significant theoretical and practical implications for enhancing supply chain strategies in emerging markets. The study concludes by providing recommendations for future research directions, particularly about digital procurement systems.
Green Perspective of the Ecommerce Supply Chain in Online Retail Industry of Pakistan
Authors: Saleem Jaseem , Farooqui Muhammad Hamza , Shamim Moona
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The study aimed to examine the effect of green consumerism on positive and negative environmental attitude, ease of green product use, usefulness and green product recovery towards behavioral intention to use e-commerce in Karachi, Pakistan.
Design/Methodology/Approach: In this study, the quantitative method was used to construct the research framework and conduct hypothesis testing. The suitable target population for this current study is users of e-commerce in Karachi, Pakistan. The study has collected 200 responses from the respondents. Convenience sampling as a technique has been utilized. PLS-SEM has been used as a data analysis technique.
Findings: The study’s findings indicated that green consumerism effects the negative environmental attitude negatively and significantly however, it affects the environmental attitude positively and significantly, besides green product recovery insignificantly affects the behavioral intention to use e-commerce. Lastly, the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness affects the behavioral intention to use e-commerce positively and significantly.
Implications/Originality/Value: Managers should adopt green company policy to replace fossil fuels with rentable fuels in logistical operations and gain a competitive edge over competitors by developing a new product line in accordance with company environmental policies.
Research on Analyzing Curriculum Materials for Explaining in terms of a Practice-Based Teacher Education
Authors:   The Korea Society Of Educational Studies In Mathematics, Kim Dong-Won , Kim Yeon
Published: November 2024

This paper analyzes and reports on teacher education curriculum materials developed to enhance the explaining skills of mathematics teachers from the perspectives of practice-based teacher education (PBTE) and constructivist learning environments (CLE). Originally developed by TeachingWorks, these materials include three main types of explaining (demonstrating, explaining, and modeling) and aim to develop preservice teachers' abilities to select and use the appropriate type of explaining in different pedagogical situations. Through this analysis, the paper shows how the three elements that PBTE argues are necessary for enhancing teacher professionalism are operationalized in the study materials and how the ability to explain, reflecting CLE, is incorporated as a learning objective. Based on these findings, the paper highlights considerations for the design and implementation of PBTE aimed at enhancing teacher professionalism in the classroom.
Vaccination of children at an early age — the basis for the formation of a child’s health
Authors: Nemtyreva L.F. , Shustikova N.M. , Timokhina I.G. , Grigoryev K.I.
Published: November 2024

The positive role of vaccination is beyond doubt, but the attitude towards preventive vaccinations remains ambiguous. The number of refusals to carry out preventive vaccinations has a slight tendency to decrease, both among the adult and among the child population. The purpose of the work was to analyze the frequency of vaccination of newborns against hepatitis B and tuberculosis, to assess post-vaccination complications in young children, the reasons for medical withdrawals from vaccination and refusal of parents to vaccinate, and their motivation. Conclusion: using the example of vaccination of children against hepatitis B and tuberculosis, we can talk about the insufficient effectiveness of the implementation of the National Immunization Schedule. Appropriate measures are proposed to improve the situation, starting with improving the skills of medical workers on the issues of vaccine prevention of infectious diseases, and ending with the active promotion of vaccine prevention among the population. Vaccination at an early age remains the focus of child health interventions.
Prospects for the use of herbal remedies in the prevention and treatment of stress conditions
Authors: Strukov V.I. , Sergeeva-Kondrachenko M.Y. , Vinogradova O.P. , Denisova A.G. , Moiseeva I.Y. , Vikhrev D.V. , Poluboyarinov P.A. , Panina E.S. , Petrova E.V. , Fedorov A.V. , Burmistrova S.S. , Elistratov D.G.
Published: November 2024

The potential of phytotherapeutic agents in providing comprehensive support for the nervous system and overcoming stressful conditions is considered. Particular attention is paid to the treatment of chronic stress and its consequences. The pharmacological properties of blue cyanosis (Polemónium caerúleum), valerian officinalis (Valeriána officinalis L.), motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca), lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and the prospects for the use of these plants in the prevention and treatment of nervous disorders are given. The characteristic of the Russian phytopreparation of sedative and stress-protective action, produced according to the innovative technology of cryogenic grinding, is given
AINDA A TUTELA MILITAR: As (des)relações civis e militares no Governo Bolsonaro e Lula III (2019-2023)
Authors: Jesus Samuel de
Published: November 2024

Desde a Proclamação da República em 1889 e até muito recentemente em 2023 observamos a presença constante dos militares como uma sombra que permanece sobre a vida do país. A política e os políticos sempre encontraram os militares na esquina e muitas vezes recorreram aos militares para se manter no poder. A participação popular é silenciada quando as classes dominantes recorrem ao “gênio militar”. Precisamos mais do que nunca discutir as relações civis e militares para o alcance da plenitude democrática e isto só será possível se reduzirmos a influência dos militares na vida política brasileira. Ao longo da vida republicana brasileira isto se repete.
Investigation of the Influence of Environmental Thermal Characteristics on Thermal Modes of Transparent Boxes
Authors: Bahramzhan Rasakhodjaev , Shavkat Klychev , Fitratullo Nabiev , Zhao Mingzhi , Yu Rong , Jobir Ahadov , Usmonjon Akhmadjonov , Abdurauf Khamdamov , Jasurbek Shoimov
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the results of experiments to investigate the influence of thermal characteristics of the environment on the thermal modes of transparent boxes. To conduct experiments on the non-stationary thermal model of solar greenhouses developed by us, two identical transparent boxes with dimensions of 0.80 x 0.65 x 0.80 m were constructed. The transparent boxes have rectangular shapes. One transparent box has glass walls and the other with polyethylene walls. The influence of the thermal characteristics of the environment and the thermal conditions inside the transparent boxes with film and glass transparent walls are investigated. The experimental results show that at a maximum ambient air temperature of 42 °C on 27.06.2024 at 13:48 hours, the air temperature increases to 10% and 23% in transparent boxes with polyethylene and with glass walls, respectively, and at 05:10 hours, the humidity decreases to 8% and 11%, respectively. Thus, the influence of the thermal characteristics of the environment on the thermal conditions of transparent boxes with glass walls, at the maximum ambient temperature, is greater by 1.2 times than in transparent boxes with polyethylene walls, and humidity decreases by half.
Changes in Private Psychiatric Outservice Related to SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Pier Luigi Marconi , Rosamaria Scognamiglio
Published: November 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, which began in late 2019, initially manifested with acute respiratory symptoms, including bilateral pneumonia, and later emerged as a systemic disease. This brief report assesses changes in the clinical profiles of psychiatric outpatients before, during, and after the pandemic’s most severe periods, focusing on mood, anxiety, and cognitive symptoms. Data from a private psychiatric facility in Rome reveal that both pandemic-related stressors and SARS-CoV-2 infection itself may contribute to enduring affective and cognitive symptoms in both older and younger adult subgroups. Notably, during the pandemic, older patients showed elevated psychopathology scores (BPRS-24) compared to younger individuals. In the post-pandemic period, younger adults exhibited increased positive symptoms on the PANSS Positive subscale, suggesting a gradual worsening in symptoms post-pandemic ( = 0.47). Cognitive assessments (MMSE and PM38) further highlighted fluctuating performance over time, with older adults showing two distinct declines during the pandemic and in 2024. This work underscores the importance of sustained mental health interventions to address the pandemic’s psychosocial and neuroinflammatory legacy. This perspective also considers new data on the CNS effects of “toxin-like peptides” synthesized by microbiome bacteria.
Unlocking the Potential of Multigene Parallel Sequencing: A Concomitant Germline RET and BRCA1 Mutation in a Hereditary Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Amrit Kaur Kaler , Nandini Shyamali Bora , Shraddha Manoj Upadhyay , Shalaka Satpule , Ankita Nikam , Yash Tiwarekar , Mandar Deshpande
Published: November 2024

We report a rare case of a 33-year-old South Asian woman who visited the Molecular Pathology and Genomics Department referred for hereditary germline cancer genetic testing after being diagnosed with high-grade, multifocal medullary carcinoma of the thyroid. Genetic counselling showed an elaborate family history of cancer. Germline cancer testing on 113 genes for pancancer panel by next-generation sequencing showed a pathogenic heterozygous single nucleotide variant in RET gene c.1901G>C p.Cys634Ser (codon10) and an incidental finding of the presence of a pathogenic splice variant in BRCA1 gene c.213-1G>C at the intron 4 of the gene. The patient was further managed with a paradigm of Precision Medicine (PM) based on the 5Ps like participation, psychological support, and prediction of risk assessment, prevention, and personalisation.
Öz Yeterlilik Algısı ve Örgütsel Hazırlığın Yapay Zeka Kaygısı Üzerindeki Etkileri: Bir Araştırma
Authors: Hasırcı Itır , Örücü Edip
Published: November 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı bireylerin karşılaşabilecekleri güçlüklerde olayların üstesinden gelebileceklerine dair duydukları inancı ifade eden öz yeterlilik algısı ile örgütsel hazırlık değişkenlerinin yapay zekâ kaygısı üzerindeki etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırmanın evrenini Balıkesir ilinde ve ilçelerinde çalışan 1800 banka personeli oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini Bandırma ilçesinde ve Balıkesir il merkezinde bulunan bankalardan seçilen 330 personel oluşturmaktadır. Elde edilen verilerle, frekans analizi, güvenilirlik analizi, normallik testi, keşfedici faktör analizi, korelasyon analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında yapılan korelasyon analizinin neticesinde öz yeterlilik algısı ile yapay zeka kaygısı arasında pozitif yönlü ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Öz yeterlilik algısı ile örgütsel hazırlık arasında ve yapay zekâ kaygısı ile örgütsel hazırlık arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunamamıştır. Yapılan çoklu regresyon analizinin neticesinde yalnızca öz yeterlilik algısının yapay zekâ kaygısı üzerinde anlamlı etkisinin olduğunu belirlenmiştir. Örgütsel hazırlığın yapay zekâ kaygısı üzerinde anlamlı etkisinin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Literatürde öz yeterlilik algısı, yapay zekâ kaygısı ve örgütsel hazırlık değişkenlerinin birlikte incelendiği araştırma örneğine rastlanmamıştır. Bu durum araştırmayı özgün kılmaktadır.
Motivation, Learning Styles and Strategies in English Language among First-Year College Students in Public HEI’s in Sulu
Authors: Aurizia Duha Siraji
Published: November 2024

English, as the most frequently spoken second language, and sometimes referred to as the global lingua franca, acts as a bridge for communication across cultures and nations. Learning English is a strong tool that allows people to fully participate in the global society by encouraging understanding, collaboration, and personal growth. This descriptive-comparative paper analyzed the motivation, learning styles, and learning strategies of first year college students from public higher education institutions (HEIs) in Sulu, Philippines. Participants were purposively sampled (n=200) to participate in the study. Findings indicated that first year college students in the province were integratively motivated to learn the English language. They particularly engaged in psychological and sociological learning styles through speaking to fluent English speakers, understanding emotional cues, reflection, and self-assessment. They engage in metacognitive (planning, organizing thoughts) and cognitive (assessment, analysis) to learn and understand English. Educators should adopt a holistic approach to teaching English, one that motivates students, respects their individual learning styles, and equips them with effective learning strategies. Such an approach could likely lead to more effective and meaningful language learning experiences, which could improve students' proficiency and confidence in using English.
A Study of Bilingual Development of Subject Realization of a Mandarin-English Bilingual Preschool Child from China to Australia
Authors: Guo Qiang , Qi Ruying , Zhao Dacheng
Published: November 2024

This article traces the developmental trajectory of bilingual subject realization of a Mandarin-English bilingual child from China to Australia from age 3;04 to 5;05. There is an assumption that age 3 is the dividing line between Bilingual First Language Acquisition (BFLA) and Early Second Language Acquisition (ESLA). Determining similarities and differences between them is of great theoretical and methodological significance. While BFLA studies show consistent results under the condition of adequate input and meaningful interaction, ESLA studies indicate that these children proceed their early English differently from BFLA. Previous studies mainly focused on young children’s English development in English-speaking countries without prior English input. However, an increasing number of children migrate to English-speaking countries after age 1 with limited English input. This study examines whether there is qualitative difference between BFLA and ESLA children’s bilingual subject realization. Drawing upon the naturalistic data before and after the child’s migration from China to Australia and CLAN analysis, the 25-month longitudinal case study indicates that the ESLA child’s bilingual subject realization developmental trajectories are qualitatively similar but quantitatively different from Mandarin-English BFLA peers. This study could be the first of its kind by investigating a bilingual child who acquires two languages with changed environmental language (Lε), contributing theoretically and practically to early childhood bilingualism.
AI-Powered Applications for Improving EFL Students’ Speaking Proficiency in Higher Education
Authors: Rania Muhammad Qassrawi  , Aya ElMashharawi  , Mahmoud Itmeizeh  , Mohammed H. M. Tamimi
Published: November 2024

As Artificial Intelligence systems increasingly dominate various sectors in this technology-driven era, educational institutions are eager to integrate innovative tools and applications into the teaching and learning experience to enhance students' abilities, performance, skills and achievements. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of utilizing Google Assistant, an AI-based app, in improving students’ English speaking performance. The research utilized a mixed-methods approach, combining both quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitatively, a pre-post speaking test was conducted with participating students before and after the intervention (using the Google Assistant app). Following the experiment, qualitative data were collected through focus group discussions with some of the participants. The findings revealed significant improvements in students’ overall speaking performance and sub-skills. The use of the Google Assistant application notably enhanced EFL students’ fluency and interaction, followed by pronunciation, vocabulary, content and relevance, and spoken grammar, respectively. Additionally, based on the participants' discussions, several benefits of using this AI-based application were identified, including providing language practice and resources, engaging and motivating learners, and immersing students in a self-directed learning experience. However, some challenges were also inducted, particularly regarding accessibility, connectivity and technical issues. Consequently, several conclusions and recommendations were drawn based on these findings.
A Sociopragmatic Study of Saudi Arabic Address Terms: Implications for Cross-Cultural Communication
Authors: Ahmad I Alhojailan
Published: November 2024

Many studies have investigated terms of address, primarily focusing on Western languages. However, few studies have explored this topic in varieties of the Arabic language. This study examines the use of terms of address in Saudi Arabic, investigating the terms used by Saudi men and women, the effect of the addressees’ age and gender on the selection of address terms, and the linguistic patterns employed by Saudis when addressing each other. Twelve participants from two large cities in Saudi Arabia took part in the study. A semi-structured interview featuring 12 different social situations was conducted to answer the research questions. The interviews were conducted in the Saudi Arabic dialect to elicit authentic and realistic responses. The data were analyzed thematically to identify recurring patterns and trends in the use of address terms. Seven categories of address terms were identified. Furthermore, the age and gender of the addressees were found to influence the choice of terms. Moreover, five linguistic patterns were used by the participants to address each other. These findings provide important insights into professional settings where understanding suitable address terms can lead to more productive and culturally acceptable communication.
A Study on the Impact of Instruction Language on Academic Achievement in Higher Education
Authors: Mohamed Jarmouni  , Bellaihou Mohamed , Labdouti Zayd , Assia Arectout
Published: November 2024

The impact of the language of instruction on academic achievement is a critical issue, particularly in multilingual settings. This study investigates how using French as the medium of instruction affects the academic performance of first-year physics and chemistry students at Moroccan universities. The research, conducted at Mohamed I and Abdelmalek Essaadi Universities, involved 365 students and 20 teachers. Data were collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews.  We conducted a correlation analysis to examine the relationship between French proficiency and academic performance in physics and chemistry. A frequency analysis identified common difficulties students face when studying these subjects in French. An ANOVA determined if using French as the medium of instruction significantly impacts academic performance. The results show a significant relationship between students' proficiency in French and their academic performance in science subjects taught in French. Our analysis indicates that instruction in a non-native language has a negative impact on academic success. Many students expressed discomfort with French, citing difficulties with scientific vocabulary and comprehension. Teachers corroborated these challenges, noting that students' limited French proficiency impedes their understanding of complex scientific concepts, contributing to higher failure rates. Additionally, a strong positive correlation was found between French language proficiency and academic performance in physics and chemistry. Students with lower proficiency in French tend to have poorer academic performance in these subjects.
Study of antioxidant and anti-diarrheal activity of whole plant of Madhumalti {Quisqualis indica Linn.}
Authors: Kailash Sahu
Published: November 2024

Hole plant of Quisqualis indica Linn. (Family Combretaceae) is commonly known as Rangoon creeper (combretum indicum) or madhumalati, traditionally used as anthelmintic The fresh plantwas studied for pharmaconostic evaluations, including examination of morphological and microscopic characters, determination of plantconstants, ash values and extractive values. The morphological studies revealed that the leaf is in dark green color with characteristic odour and slight bitter taste and. The shape of Quisqualis indica leaves is as ellipticalacuminate with entire margin, cordate base, and length varying from 7-12cm. Dorsal side is glabrous and ventral surface is hairy. Powder study revealed the presence of covering trichomes, annular xylem vessell, calcium oxalate crystals and anomocytic stomata. The stomatal index 18.75-19.02, vein islet number is 7-10, vein termination is 3-5, palisade ratio 6-7. The Moisture content, Total ash, acid insoluble ash, water-soluble ash values and sulfated ash were observed to be 8%, 9%, 12.5%, 6.55%and 5.45% w/w respectively. Water-soluble extractive values, Alcohol soluble extractive value and petroleum ether soluble extractive value of the leaves were observed to be 10%, 3% and1% w/w respectively. The phytochemical test revealed the presence of alkaloids, slight amount of glycosides, tannins, flavonoids and protein in both extract. Its flowers are used against diarrhea and eaten as vegetable. The flower extract gave high total polyphenol contents and showed strong antioxidant activity. In the search for new acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors from plant origin, it was demonstrated that methanolic extract of Q. indica flower exhibited this activity The extract inhibited electric eel acetyl cholinesterase in dose dependent manner with an IC50 value of 0.77 μg/m.
Comparing the effectiveness of slow breathing exercise and humming techniques on hypertensive individuals
Authors: PRIYANKA. N. H. M  , BHASKARAN. A
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Hypertension is a serious medical condition characterized by continuously elevated blood pressure in the blood arteries. It is a major cause of premature death worldwide. To reduce stress and improve wellbeing, practice conscious control over your breathing pattern by extending the time between inhalation and exhalation. Slow breathing exercises can reduce stress, improve emotional well-being. The humming technique, which involves exhaling while closing your mouth and humming continuously. Methodology: The interventional study involving 30 hypertension subjects, undergoes intervention in outpatient department for 6 weeks. Technique: The study involved two groups: Group A, who were given a slow breathing technique, and Group B, who were given a humming technique. Both groups were given specific instructions, blood pressure checks, and a therapist’s guidance. Result: The study found significant differences in pre- and post-values between two groups, with the humming approach being more effective than the slow breathing strategy. Conclusion: The study shows that humming breathing technique significantly improves both diastolic and systolic blood pressure levels in patients compared to slow breathing.
Optimizing calcium application strategies to enhance fruit quality in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill)
Authors: KPG Dilshika Madushani Polwaththa  , AA Yasarathna Amarasinghe
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the effects of calcium application on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum (L.) Mill) fruit quality, focusing on key physical and chemical attributes across vegetative and reproductive growth stages. Three calcium sources as Calnit (19% calcium), Winner (25% calcium with magnesium and boron), and Calmax (22.5% calcium) were applied as foliar sprays at early vegetative and reproductive stages. Results demonstrated that calcium supplementation enhanced fruit weight, circumference, firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), pH, vitamin C, and lycopene content, improving flavor, antioxidant levels, and shelf life. Winner, when applied at the beginning of the vegetative stage, significantly increased fruit weight to 26.88 ± 4.17 g, circumference to 16.68 ± 1.26 cm, and firmness to 3.94 ± 0.86 N/mm², while applications during the reproductive stage boosted TSS to 5.18 ± 0.33% and reduced Blossom End Rot (BER) incidence to 0.25 ± 0.50. Calmax, particularly effective for chemical properties, led to a higher pH (4.99 ± 0.10), vitamin C content (39.77 ± 1.78 mg/100 g), and lycopene concentration (0.94 ± 0.07 mg/100 g) when applied during the reproductive phase. These findings highlight the role of calcium in enhancing cellular integrity, supporting enzymatic activity, and facilitating nutrient transport, resulting in improved tomato growth, taste, and nutritional quality. This study underscores the importance of targeted calcium applications throughout growth stages for optimizing tomato fruit quality, offering valuable guidance for nutrient management practices in tomato cultivation.
Peculiarities of the botulinum toxin type A injection technique and its effectiveness in the surgical treatment of large ventral hernias
Authors: Ioffe O. Y. , Tarasiuk T. V. , Chukanov O. M. , Kryvopustov M. S. , Stetsenko O. P.
Published: November 2024

Ventral hernias (VH) continue to be one of the most common surgical pathologies in planned and emergency surgery. Surgical treatment of large VH (≥10 cm) requires the use of traumatic surgical techniques in order to align the edges of the hernia defect and restore the integrity of the anterior abdominal wall.
Objective — to assess the effectiveness of the botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injections and to study the peculiarities of their administration into the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall in patients with large VH in the preoperative period.
Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study included 66 patients with large VH, primary (PVH), and incisional (IH). From June 2017 to August 2024, all patients underwent treatment and received injections of 100 units of BTA into the anterior abdominal wall muscles in the preoperative period. The patients’ average age was 58.98±9.48. There were 23 men (34.8%) and 43 women (65.2%). Before BTA, the average width of the hernial defect in PVH patients was 12.29±1.93 cm, whereas IH was 13.46±2.06 cm. All patients underwent surgical intervention for their hernias 4—5 weeks after the injection of BTA.
Results. No complications were detected throughout the BTA administration or the 4—5 weeks of observation before the surgical hernia repair. After injection, the length of the anterior abdominal wall muscles increased by an average of 1.7 cm (min 0.1 cm, max 4.01 cm) on each side. Patients with PVH had an average hernial defect width reduction of 4.17±0.68 cm, whereas those with IH had an average reduction of 5.14±0.75 cm (p <0.001). After BTA administration, the volume ratio of the hernia sac to the abdominal cavity decreased from 4.97±3.55% to 3.70±2.77% in patients with PVH (p=0.008) and from 5.59±3.71% to 4.21±2.88% in patients with IH (p=0.008).
Conclusions. The administration of 100 units of botulinum toxin type A in the preoperative period consistenly increases the length of the abdominal wall muscles, reduces the width of the hernial defect, and enhances the possibilities of further surgical treatment of large VH using laparoscopic technologies.