bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forecasting water quality parameters using artificial neural network for irrigation purposes
Authors: Ubah J. I. , Orakwe L. C. , Ogbu K. N. , Awu J. I. , Ahaneku I. E. , Chukwuma E. C.
Published: December 2021

This study was aimed at analyzing the water quality of Ele River Nnewi, Anambra State for irrigation purposes with a view to predicting a one-year water quality index using Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Water pollution has posed a major problem and identifying the points of pollution in the River system is a very difficult task. To overcome this task, the need to determine the pollution level arose by modeling and predicting four water quality parameters at four (4) different locations using the Artificial Neural Network. These parameters include the pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Electrical Conductivity (EC), and Sodium (Na), respectively. The water quality results showed that the pH values which ranges from 6.01 to 6.87 were within the FAO standard in all the points for both rainy and dry seasons, whereas the TDS (mg/l), EC (dS/m) and Na (mg/l) parametric values range from 2001 to 2506, 3.01 to 5.76, and 40.42 to 73.45 respectively, were above the FAO standard from point 1 to point 3 and falls within the FAO standard at point 4 with values ranging from 1003 to 1994, 2.01 to 2.78 and 31.24 to 39.44, respectively. However, during the dry season, the TDS, EC, and Na values range from 2002 to 2742, 3.04 to 5.82 and 40.14 to 88.45 respectively, were all above the FAO standard. Generally, the artificial neural network modeled the actual water quality data set very well with good prediction. The training model performance evaluation shows that the R2 values ranges from 0.981 to 0.990, 0.981 to 0.988, 0.981 to 0.989 and 0981 to 0.989, for pH, TDS, EC, and Na. The testing model performance shows that the R2 value ranges from 0.952 to 0.967, 0.953 to 0.970, 0.951 to 0.967and 0.953 to 0.968, for pH, TDS, EC and Na while the forecast performance evaluation shows that the R2 values ranges from 0.945 to 0.968, 0.946 to 0.968, 0.944 to 0.967 and 0.949 to 0.965 for pH, TDS, EC and Na respectively. It was also observed that the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) ranges from 0.022 to 0.088, 0.012 to 0.087, 0.015 to 0.085 and 0.014 to 0.084 for pH, TDS, EC and Na, respectively. Information from this study will serve as a guide to researchers on the water quality index for irrigation purposes. Also, it will guide the government and agencies on policy, management and decision-making on water resources.
Monitoring dynamic pre-crystallization aggregation processes in solution by VT-DOSY-NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Mix Andreas , Lamm Jan-Hendrik , Schwabedissen Jan , Gebel Erich , Stammler Hans-Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: December 2021

Hydrodynamic radii of pyridine (Py) and tetrafluoroiodopyridine (ITFP), measured by VT-DOSY NMR experiments, tell us how the aggregate formation, driven by halogen-bonding, and ulti-mately crystallisation, occurs.
A covalent organic framework as a photocatalyst for window ledge cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions
Authors: Yang Fan , Li Cong-Cong , Xu Cui-Cui , Kan Jing-Lan , Tian Bing , Qu Hong-Yan , Guo Yuan , Geng Yan , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: December 2021

A benzothiadiazole-involving donor–acceptor (D–A) COF, which can be a highly effective photocatalyst for window ledge aerobic cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions, is reported.
Two-dimensional N-doped Pd/carbon for highly efficient heterogeneous catalysis
Authors: Zhang Jiuxuan , Low Ze-Xian , Shao Yanhua , Jiang Hong , Chen Rizhi
Published: December 2021

Cactus-like 2D CN was synthesized via one-step calcination of 2D ZIF-L. Pd@2DCN exhibits superior catalytic performance in heterogeneous hydrogenation.
Recent advances in radical enabled selective Csp3–F bond activation of multifluorinated compounds
Authors: Li Sifan , Shu Wei
Published: December 2021

The highlight describes the emerging trend in the C–F functionalization area: recent progress in the single-electron-transfer initiated selective defluorinative functionalizations of Csp3–F bonds in multifluorinated compounds via radical pathways.
Chiral FLP-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 3-fluorinated chromones
Authors: Dai Yun , Meng Wei , Feng Xiangqing , Du Haifeng
Published: December 2021

With an FLP composed of achiral borane and chiral oxazoline as the catalyst, the metal-free asymmetric hydrogenation of 3-fluorinated chromones has been successfully realized, affording the desired products in high yields with up to 88% ee.
Rotational analysis of naphthol-aromatic ring complexes stabilized by electrostatic and dispersion interactions
Authors: Quesada-Moreno María Mar , Schnell Melanie , Obenchain Daniel A.
Published: December 2021

For complexes involving aromatic species, substitution effects can influence the preferred geometry.
Phosphinoindenyl and phosphazidoindenyl complexes of lanthanum and samarium: synthesis, characterisation, and hydroamination catalysis
Authors: Steiner Matthias R. , Hlina Johann A. , Uher Johanna M. , Fischer Roland C. , Neshchadin Dmytro , Wilfling Theresa
Published: December 2021

We describe phosphino- and phosphazidoindenyl rare-earth metal complexes and their application in hydroamination catalysis.
para-Aminobenzoic acid-capped hematite as an efficient nanocatalyst for solvent-free CO2 fixation under atmospheric pressure
Authors: Tudu Gouri , Paliwal Khushboo S. , Ghosh Sourav , Biswas Tanmoy , Koppisetti Heramba V. S. R. M. , Mitra Antarip , Mahalingam Venkataramanan
Published: December 2021

Efficient fixation of CO2 into epoxide to form cyclic carbonate is achieved utilizing para-aminobenzoic acid-capped hematite nanocatalyst.
Mulberry leaf polysaccharides ameliorate obesity through activation of brown adipose tissue and modulation of the gut microbiota in high-fat diet fed mice
Authors: Li Ruilin , Xue Zihan , Li Shuqin , Zhou Jingna , Liu Junyu , Zhang Min , Panichayupakaranant Pharkphoom , Chen Haixia
Published: December 2021

Mulberry leaf polysaccharides have anti-obesity effects, and their mechanism likely involves an integrated role of white adipose browning, BAT activity induction and gut microbiota modulation.
Lactobacillus plantarum ZJ316 improves the quality of Stachys sieboldii Miq. pickle by inhibiting harmful bacteria growth, degrading nitrite and promoting the gut microbiota health in vitro
Authors: Hang Shuting , Zeng Lingzhou , Han Jiarun , Zhang Zhongqin , Zhou Qingqing , Meng Xia , Gu Qing , Li Ping
Published: December 2021

Microbial contamination and nitrite accumulation are the two major concerns in the quality control of fermented vegetables.
Sulfite activation by oxidized pyrite for dye degradation assisted by oxygen
Authors: He Guangjun , Zhong Dengjie , Xu Yunlan
Published: December 2021

Fe(iii) on the surface of pyrite, instead of Fe(ii), acted as the active site of sulfite activation.
Tempering of Au nanoclusters: capturing the temperature-dependent competition among structural motifs
Authors: Settem Manoj , Ferrando Riccardo , Giacomello Alberto
Published: December 2021

Structure of Au nanoclusters in the entire temperature range. PTMD is accurate at high temperatures, while HSA is accurate at low temperatures. Both PTMD and HSA have good agreement at intermediate temperatures.
Nanoengineered myogenic scaffolds for skeletal muscle tissue engineering
Authors: Quint Jacob P. , Samandari Mohamadmahdi , Abbasi Laleh , Mollocana Evelyn , Rinoldi Chiara , Mostafavi Azadeh , Tamayol Ali
Published: December 2021

Here, we developed a nano-engineered biomaterial optimized for skeletal muscle proliferation and differentiation. Nanoclay disks were used to control the release of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), a key myogenic and immunogenic regulator.
One-pot synthesized organosilica nanospheres for multiplexed fluorescent nanobarcoding and subcellular tracking
Authors: Du Xinfeng , Wang Yifu , Zhai Jingying , Guo Chao , Zhang Yupu , Huang Wenyu , Ma Xueqing , Xie Xiaojiang
Published: December 2021

This work reports a unique multi-functional organosilica platform for fluorescenct nanobarcoding and subellular tracking.
Circularly polarized luminescent porous crystalline nanomaterials
Authors: Zheng Anyi , Zhao Tonghan , Jin Xue , Miao Wangen , Duan Pengfei
Published: December 2021

An overview of generation, regulation and amplification of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in porous crystalline nanomaterials by direct synthesis, chirality induction or adaption, and symmetry breaking pathways.
Fabrication of voltage-gated spin Hall nano-oscillators
Authors: Kumar Akash , Rajabali Mona , González Victor Hugo , Zahedinejad Mohammad , Houshang Afshin , Åkerman Johan
Published: December 2021

Schematic of nano-gate voltage controlled spin Hall nano-oscillator and significantly large frequency tunability with applied voltage and negligible leak current.
Evaluation of DNA-mediated electron transfer using a hole-trapping nucleobase under crowded conditions
Authors: Taketomi Yuuki , Yamaguchi Yuuki , Sakurai Shunsuke , Tanaka Makiko
Published: December 2021

Decompositions of hole-trapping nucleobases in noncondensed DNA and liquid crystalline DNA showed that efficient electron transfer occurred under crowded conditions.
A DFT examination of the role of proximal boron functionalities in the S-alkylation of sulfenic acid anions
Authors: Durant Andrew G. , Nicol Eric A. , McInnes Brandon M. , Schwan Adrian L.
Published: December 2021

DFT modelling predicts proximal boron groups can accelerate sulfenate alkylation reactions, depending on boron substituents and boron distance from the reaction site.
Preparation of nitriles from aldehydes using ammonium persulfate by means of a nitroxide-catalysed oxidative functionalisation reaction
Authors: León Sandoval Arturo , Politano Fabrizio , Witko Mason L. , Leadbeater Nicholas E.
Published: December 2021

A nitroxide-catalysed oxidative functionalization approach to prepare nitriles from aldehydes using ammonium persulfate both as the oxidant and the nitrogen source.
Importance of a reversible reaction for the synthesis of telechelic polymers by means of polycondensation using an excess of one monomer
Authors: Katoh Takayoshi , Suzuki Tomoya , Ohta Yoshihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu
Published: December 2021

Reversible unstoichiometric polycondensation of a diol formate and dicarboxylic acid ester through an ester–ester exchange reaction is an effective strategy for the synthesis of telechelic polymers free from contamination with cyclic polymers.
Oxidative thiocyanation of allylic alcohols: an easy access to allylic thiocyanates with K2S2O8 and NH4SCN
Authors: Zhang Keyuan , Liang Tianbing , Wang Yulong , He Chonglong , Hu Mingyou , Duan Xin-Hua , Liu Le
Published: December 2021

A practical method for the synthesis of allylic thioacyanates from allylic alcohols was disclosed employing K2S2O8 as the oxidant and NH4SCN as the thiocyanate source.
Correction: The binary aluminum scandium clusters AlxScy with x + y = 13: when is the icosahedron retained?
Authors: Cuong Ngo Tuan , Mai Nguyen Thi , Tung Nguyen Thanh , Lan Ngo Thi , Van Duong Long , Nguyen Minh Tho , Tam Nguyen Minh
Published: December 2021

Correction for ‘The binary aluminum scandium clusters AlxScy with x + y = 13: when is the icosahedron retained?’ by Ngo Tuan Cuong et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 40072–40084. DOI: 10.1039/D1RA06994B.
Multivariate sodalite zeolitic imidazolate frameworks: a direct solvent-free synthesis
Authors: López-Cabrelles Javier , Miguel-Casañ Eugenia , Esteve-Rochina María , Andres-Garcia Eduardo , Vitórica-Yrezábal Iñigo J. , Calbo Joaquín , Mínguez Espallargas Guillermo
Published: December 2021

Different mixed-ligand Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs) with sodalite topology, i.e. isoreticular to ZIF-8, unachievable by conventional synthetic routes, have been prepared using a solvent-free methodology.
Heavy atom oriented orbital angular momentum manipulation in metal-free organic phosphors
Authors: Shao Wenhao , Jiang Hanjie , Ansari Ramin , Zimmerman Paul M. , Kim Jinsang
Published: December 2021

A new design concept for metal-free organic phosphors is proposed to tightly couple the heavy atom effect with changes in orbital angular momentum. Bright phosphors were created with record-fast lifetimes below the millisecond regime.
An organic plastic ferroelectric with high Curie point
Authors: Ai Yong , Li Peng-Fei , Yang Meng-Juan , Xu Yu-Qiu , Li Meng-Zhen , Xiong Ren-Gen
Published: December 2021

An organic plastic ferroelectric, (−)-Camphanic acid, shows multiaxial ferroelectric feature and large entropy gain during the phase transition.
New H∞ observer‐based control for delayed LPV stochastic system
Authors: Chang Wen‐Jer , Ku Cheung‐Chieh , Chen Guan‐Wen
Published: December 2021

An H∞ observer‐based control problem of delayed Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) stochastic system is addressed in this paper. In the LPV stochastic system, stochastic behaviors and external disturbance in real environment are respectively described by stochastic difference function. Furthermore, the delay effects on state and control input are considered as time‐varying case for wide application. For the control problem, a lemma dealing with the delay terms is proposed to increase some slack variables. Based on the proposed lemma and the chosen Lyapunov‐Krasovskii function, some sufficient conditions are derived to relax the conservatism of stability criterion. Besides, disturbance effect on state and estimation error is constrained via H∞ performance for improving transient response. Through using the extended projection lemma, the derived conditions are formulated as strict Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) problem. To avoid the potential oscillation, another lemma is proposed to separately assign the performance level during solving the conditions. All feasible solutions can be directly obtained by convex optimization algorithm without using extra calculation. Therefore, an observer‐based controller is established to guarantee the asymptotical stability and H∞ performance in the mean square. Finally, some numerical simulations are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method.
Electromagnetic thermal coupling analysis for a novel cooling system of an axial flux hub motor
Authors: Chang Jiujian , Wang Chen
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a novel cooling system of the yokeless and segmented armature axial flux machine (YASA) applied in‐wheel traction is presented. Although the cooling system has high cooling efficiency, it will deteriorate the electromagnetic characteristics of the motor. The eddy current analysis for the prototype is performed based on the 3‐D finite‐element method, and the distribution of eddy current in the cooling fins is presented. Through the 2‐D finite element analysis, the cause of the eddy current loss of the fin is revealed. In order to increase the output power of the motor, the height of the fin in the axial direction is optimised by the magneto‐thermal coupling method. And finally, the hub motor is manufactured and tested. It can be concluded that the measured data matched well with the analysis results.
Energy storage capacity allocation for distribution grid applications considering the influence of ambient temperature
Authors: Wu Yuhan , Xu Tao , Meng He , Wei Wei , Cai Shuqi , Guo Lingxu
Published: December 2021

Modern distribution networks have an urgent need to increase the accommodation level of renewable energies facilitated by configuring battery energy storage systems (BESSs). In view of the contradictions of BESS capacity, cost, life, and operation environment, an optimal capacity allocation algorithm of BESS in modern distribution networks considering the ambient temperature has been proposed from the perspective of the life cycle cost‐benefit optimisation. First, a refined BESS model under the influence of the ambient temperature has been established to accurately track life degradation and charging‐discharging efficiencies. Subsequently, an electric vehicle (EV) charging load forecasting model that considers the influence of travel characteristics, traffic congestion and environmental factors has been established. Finally, a bi‐level BESS optimisation algorithm has been proposed to maximise the system benefits on the EV charging station side and the grid side, and the marginal ageing cost has been considered while optimising the charging and discharging strategies of BESS, to achieve the best cost‐benefit of BESS throughout the life cycle. The simulation results verify the effectiveness and economy of the proposed configuration schemes and operation strategies under different seasons.
Numerical evaluation of time-distance helioseismic sensitivity kernels in spherical geometry
Authors: Bhattacharya Jishnu
Published: December 2021

Context. Helioseismic analysis of large-scale flows and structural inhomogeneities in the Sun requires the computation of sensitivity kernels that account for the spherical geometry of the Sun, as well as systematic effects such as line-of-sight projection.

Aims. I aim to develop a code to evaluate helioseismic sensitivity kernels for flows using line-of-sight projected measurements.

Methods. I decomposed the velocity field in a basis of vector spherical harmonics and computed the kernel components corresponding to the coefficients of velocity in this basis. The kernels thus computed are radial functions that set up a 1.5D inverse problem to infer the flow from surface measurements. I demonstrate that using the angular momentum addition formalism lets us express the angular dependence of the kernels as bipolar spherical harmonics, which may be evaluated accurately and efficiently.

Results. Kernels for line-of-sight projected measurements may differ significantly from those that don’t account for projection. Including projection in our analysis does not increase the computational time significantly. We demonstrate that it is possible to evaluate kernels for pairs of points that are related through a rotation by linearly transforming the terms that enter the expression of the kernel, and that this result holds even for line-of-sight projected kernels.

Conclusions. I developed a Julia code that may be used to evaluate sensitivity kernels for seismic wave travel times computed using line-of-sight projected measurements, which is made freely available under the MIT license.
The multifarious ionization sources and disturbed kinematics of extraplanar gas in five low-mass galaxies
Authors: Rautio R. P. V. , Watkins A. E. , Comerón S. , Salo H. , Díaz-García S. , Janz J.
Published: December 2021

Aims.We investigate the origin of the extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) and its predominant ionization mechanisms in five nearby (17–46 Mpc) low-mass (109–1010M⊙) edge-on disk galaxies: ESO 157-49, ESO 469-15, ESO 544-27, IC 217, and IC 1553.

Methods.We acquired Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) integral field spectroscopy and deep narrowband Hαimaging of our sample galaxies. To investigate the connection between in-plane star formation and eDIG, we measure the star formation rates (SFRs) and perform a photometric analysis of our narrowband Hαimaging. Using our MUSE data, we investigate the origin of eDIG via kinematics, specifically the rotation velocity lags. We also construct standard diagnostic diagrams and emission-line maps (EW(Hα), [N II]/Hα, [S II]//Hα, [O III]/Hβ) and search for regions consistent with ionization by hot low-mass evolved stars (HOLMES) and shocks.

Results.We measure eDIG scale heights ofhzeDIG = 0.59−1.39 kpc and find a positive correlation between them and specific SFRs. In all galaxies, we also find a strong correlation between extraplanar and midplane radial Hαprofiles. These correlations along with diagnostic diagrams suggest that OB stars are the primary driver of eDIG ionization. However, we find regions consistent with mixed OB–HOLMES and OB–shock ionization in all galaxies and conclude that both HOLMES and shocks may locally contribute to the ionization of eDIG to a significant degree. From Hαkinematics, we find rotation velocity lags above the midplane with values between 10 and 27 km s−1kpc−1. While we do find hints of an accretion origin for the ionized gas in ESO 157–49, IC 217, and IC 1553, overall the ionized gas kinematics of our galaxies do not match a steady galaxy model or any simplistic model of accretion or internal origin for the gas.

Conclusions.Despite our galaxies’ similar structures and masses, our results support a surprisingly composite image of ionization mechanisms and a multifarious origin for the eDIG. Given this diversity, a complete understanding of eDIG will require larger samples and composite models that take many different ionization and formation mechanisms into account.
IstiABot ou la Conception d’un Robot Libre pour l’Éducation et la Recherche
Authors: Guyonneau Rémy , Mercier Franck
Published: December 2021

L’IstiABot est un robot mobile terrestre réalisé dans un but conjoint de pédagogie et de recherche. Il vise à être modulaire, simple à modifier et utilisable autant par des étudiants de première année du cycle préparatoire que par des étudiants en dernière année du cycle ingénieur et des chercheurs. Pour pouvoir satisfaire ces objectifs, le robot repose sur l’utilisation d’un bus CAN (Controller Area Network). Cet article présente le robot ainsi que les raisons qui ont mené à sa fabrication. Il détaille aussi deux applications de la plate-forme dans un cadre pédagogique (développement d’une carte électronique et mise au point d’un contrôleur PID - Proportionnel, Intégral, Dérivé - pour une régulation de vitesse) et une application dans le cadre de recherches (expérimentation de cartographie et localisation simultanées). Finalement, sont aussi présentés deux autres robots conçus sur la même base que l’IstiABot. Le robot IstiABot étant pensé avec une philosophie libre, tous les codes sources, modèles 3D, schémas des cartes… sont disponibles en accès libre.
Undescribed C-Glycosylflavones from Corn Silk and Potential Anti-inflammatory Activity Evaluation of Isolates
Authors: Sarfare Satish , Khan Shabana I. , Zulfiqar Fazila , Radhakrishnan Srivedavyasasri , Ali Zulfiqar , Khan Ikhlas A.
Published: December 2021

Phytochemical investigation of corn silk resulted in isolation and characterization of four flavone C-glycosides, chrysoeriol
6-C-β-oliopyranosyl-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3′-methoxycassiaoccidentalin A (2), chrysoeriol
6-C-β-boivinopyranosyl-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and ax-4″-OH-3′-methoxymaysin (4), a triterpenoid, friedelin (5), two sterols,
(22E)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (6) and 6β-hydroxystigmasta-4,22-diene-3-one (7), and a mixture of β-sitosterol and
stigmasterol. Compounds 1 and 2 were previously undescribed. Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was attained using spectral data including 1D and 2D NMR and
HRESIMS. Compounds1, 2, 5, and 6 inhibited iNOS activity in LPS-induced macrophages and decreased nitrite levels by 68.64 ± 4.46, 65.67 ± 6.47, 88.50 ± 0.50, and 94.00 ± 4.00%, respectively, at
50 µM. Compound 5 also showed inhibition of NF-κB (51.00 ± 1.50%). Compounds 1 and 2 induced NAG-1 activity in chondrocytes by 1.80 ± 0.05 and 2.00 ± 0.13 fold,
respectively. The extract of corn silk, however, did not exhibit inhibition of iNOS or NF-κB but induced NAG-1 by 1.80 ± 0.51 fold.
Epigenetic Modifications in Myeloma: Focused Review of Current Data and Potential Therapeutic Applications
Authors: Singh Suvir , Jain Kunal , Sharma Rintu , Singh Jagdeep , Paul Davinder
Published: December 2021

Multiple myeloma is a common hematologic malignancy with an incidence of 1 per 100,000 population and is characterized by a nearly 100% risk of relapse, necessitating treatment with newer therapeutic agents at each instance of progression. However, use of newer agents is often precluded by cost and accessibility in a resource-constrained setting. Description of newer pathways of disease pathogenesis potentially provides opportunities for identification of therapeutic targets and a better understanding of disease biology. Identification of epigenetic changes in myeloma is an emerging premise, with several pathways contributing to pathogenesis and progression of disease. Greater understanding of epigenetic alterations provides opportunities to detect several targetable enzymes or pathways that can be of clinical use.
The Rare Face of an Infrequent Lymphoma Diagnosed by an Exquisite Method: Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Lali Bhagat S. , Dey Debdeep , Bhave Saurabh J. , Parihar Mayur , Lingegowda Dayanand , Das Jayanta , Chatterjee Suvadip
Published: December 2021

Large B-cell lymphomas include both the commonly encountered, as well as not so frequent entities. We report a rare case of hepatic intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL). These cases usually pose a major challenge to timely diagnosis due to the limited clinical exposure and nonspecific symptoms; however, timely diagnosis is possible with awareness of this entity and close coordination between radiology and pathology. The patient presented with pain abdomen, fever, edema, hepatomegaly but no lymphadenopathy or cutaneous lesions were identified. Blood investigations revealed pancytopenia, high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels and bone marrow investigations were not helpful. Left-sided portal hypertension, coagulopathy, and hypoalbuminemia raised a clinical suspicion of chronic liver disease with high LDH levels and liver biopsy was challenging in view of very low platelet counts. The uniquely explored transjugular biopsy helped in obtaining liver tissue which showed sinusoidal large atypical lymphoid cells positive for CD20 rendering a diagnosis of IVLBCL. After administration of the R-miniCHOP chemotherapy, there was evident clinical and radiological response. This case highlights the importance of considering transjugular liver biopsy in scenarios where the clinical presentation is unusual. At the same time, a meticulous histological examination is needed to diagnose a rare yet potentially treatable large B cell lymphoma.
Comparison of Clinical Outcomes after Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction using a Bone-patellar Tendon-bone Autograft and that Using a Double-Bundle Hamstring Tendon Autograft
Authors: Katagiri Hiroki , Nakagawa Yusuke , Miyatake Kazumasa , Ozeki Nobutake , Kohno Yuji , Amemiya Masaki , Sekiya Ichiro , Koga Hideyuki
Published: December 2021

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) using a bone-patellar tendon-bone (BPTB) autograft and that using a double-bundle hamstring tendon (HT) autograft.

Methods Consecutive cases of revision ACLRs were reviewed. The Lysholm knee scale and Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were recorded at the final follow-up. The pivot shift test, Lachman test, and anterior knee laxity measurement using an arthrometer were evaluated before revision ACLR and at final follow-up. Contralateral knee laxity was also evaluated, and side-to-side differences noted. The Lysholm knee scale, KOOS, the pivot shift test, Lachman test, and anterior knee laxity were compared between HT versus BPTB autograft recipient groups using the Mann–Whitney test or the t-test.

Results Forty-one patients who underwent revision ACLR and followed up for at least 2 years were included. The graft source was a BPTB autograft in 23 patients (BPTB group) and a double-bundle HT autograft in 18 patients (HT group). The mean postoperative follow-up period was 44 ± 28 months in the BPTB group and 36 ± 18 in the HT group (p = 0.38). The HT group had significantly higher KOOS in the pain subscale (less pain) than the BPTB group at the final follow-up (BPTB group 84.2 vs. HT group 94.4; p = 0.02). The BPTB group showed significantly smaller side-to-side difference in anterior knee laxity (superior stability) than the HT group (0.3 vs. 2.6 mm; p < 0.01). The percentage of patients with residual anterior knee laxity in the BPTB group was significantly lower than that in the HT group (9.5% vs. 46.7%; odds ratio, 8.3; p = 0.02).

Study Design This was a level 3 retrospective study.

Conclusion Revision ACLR with a BPTB autograft was associated with superior results regarding restoration of knee joint stability as compared with that with a double-bundle HT autograft, whereas double-bundle HT autograft was superior to BPTB autograft in terms of patient-reported outcomes of pain. The rest of the patient-reported outcomes were equal between the two groups.
Efficacy of Prophylactic Knee Bracing in Sports
Authors: Blecha Kyle , Nuelle Clayton W. , Smith Patrick A. , Stannard James P. , Ma Richard
Published: December 2021

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries are common knee injuries, which can result from contact and noncontact during sports, recreation, or work-related activities. Prophylactic knee braces (PKBs) have been designed to protect the knee and decrease risk of recurrence of these injuries. Despite their success, PKBs have not been proven to be consistently effective and cost of the device must be evaluated to optimize its use in sports, particularly American football. Biomechanical studies have suggested that increased hip and knee flexion angles may reduce frontal plane loading with bracing which can protect the knee joint. This is essential with knee loading and rotational moments because they are associated with jumping, landing, and pivoting movements. The clinical efficacy of wearing PKBs can have an impact on athletic performance with respect to speed, power, motion, and agility, and these limitations are evident in athletes who are unaccustomed to wearing a PKB. Despite these concerns, use of PKBs increases in patients who have sustained an MCL injury or recovering from an ACL reconstruction surgery. As the evidence continues to evolve in sports medicine, there is limited definitive data to determine their beneficial or detrimental effects on overall injury risk of athletes, therefore leading those recommendations and decisions for their usage in the hands of the athletic trainers and team physicians' experience to determine the specific brace design, brand, fit, and situations for use.
Bone-on-Bone Contact on Radiograph is not a Prerequisite for Successful Outcome in Fixed-Bearing Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty—A 10-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Wong Khai Cheong , Lee Merrill , Liow Lincoln , Lo Ngai-Nung , Yeo Seng-Jin , Chen Jerry
Published: December 2021

Introduction Patients without bone-on-bone osteoarthritis are excluded from mobile-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty due to higher revision rates and poorer outcomes. However, we do not know if the same indication applies to fixed-bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty implants. Our study aims to compare functional outcomes and revision rates in patients with and without bone-on-bone arthritis undergoing fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

Materials and Methods We reviewed 153 fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasties in a single institution. Patients were divided into four groups based on joint space remaining measured on preoperative radiographs. Group 1 included knees with bone-on-bone contact; group 2 included knees with less than 2 mm joint space; group 3 included knees with 2 to 4 mm joint space; group 4 included knees with more than 4 mm joint space. Patients were followed up for 10 years postoperatively and assessed using the Oxford Knee Score, the Functional Score and Knee Score from the Knee Society Clinical Rating Score, and the Short Form 36 Health Survey.

Results There was no difference in terms of demographic data and preoperative scores. Postoperative Knee Society Functional Score was found to be lower in group 1 as compared with the other groups. There was no difference between the four groups of patients in terms of Knee Society Knee Score, Oxford Knee Score, and Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary Scores from the Short Form 36 Health Survey. There was no difference in terms of survivorship free from all-cause revision at a minimum of 10 years' follow-up.

Conclusion Symptomatic patients with varying degrees of arthritis on preoperative radiographs had comparable clinical outcomes. We conclude that symptomatic patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of medial compartment osteoarthritis of any grade can benefit from a fixed-bearing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.
Static Mediolateral Tilt of the Joint Line after Total Knee Arthroplasty Does Not Reflect Dynamic Tilt during a Stair Ascent Activity
Authors: Yabu Kazuma , Nakamura Shinichiro , Kuriyama Shinichi , Nishitani Kohei , Ito Hiromu , Song Young Dong , Morita Yugo , Yamawaki Yusuke , Matsuda Shuichi
Published: December 2021

The correlation between static and dynamic mediolateral (ML) tilts of the joint line in the coronal plane remains unknown after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose was to evaluate the ML tilt as measured by two-dimensional to three-dimensional registration during stair ascent in TKA patients, and to examine the correlation between the dynamic ML tilt and radiographic measurements of static indices. Thirty-two knees that underwent TKA using the mechanical alignment method were included. Continuous sagittal fluoroscopy was taken from before initial contact (IC) until after the toe-off (TO) phase during the stair ascent. The ML tilt of the tibial component relative to the ground was analyzed in terms of dynamic alignment using image-matching techniques, whereas static alignment was measured using standing long-leg radiographs. The correlation between static and dynamic ML tilts was evaluated. In the fluoroscopic analysis, the joint line was neutral (0.0 degree, standard deviation [SD] = 3.4 degrees) around IC phases, then was tilted valgus (5.5° valgus, SD = 2.6 degrees) in the mid-stance (MS) phase. After the TO phase, the joint line became almost neutral (0.4 degrees valgus, SD = 3.1 degrees). The dynamic ML tilt was significantly more varus during the IC phase and significantly more valgus in MS and TO phases than the static ML tilt (1.4 degrees valgus, SD = 2.0 degrees). No correlation was found between static and dynamic ML tilts in weight-bearing phases. During stair ascent, the static tilt had no correlation with the dynamic tilt in weight-bearing phases despite being in the same range. Static lower limb alignment does not reflect coronal alignment during motion. Further research should be conducted to determine whether the horizontal dynamic ML tilt can improve long-term durability and clinical outcomes after TKA.
A Comparative Study of Clinical Outcomes and Functional Status after Knee Fracture and Knee Fracture Dislocation
Authors: Bird Mackenzie L. , Chenard Kristofer E. , Gonzalez Leah J. , Konda Sanjit R. , Leucht Philipp , Egol Kenneth A.
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of tibial plateau fracture dislocations (FD) with tibial plateau fractures alone. This study was an analysis of a series of tibial plateau fractures, in which FD was defined as a fracture of the tibial plateau with an associated loss of congruent joint reduction and stability of the knee, and classified by the Moore system. Patient data collected included demographics, injury information, and functional outcomes (short musculoskeletal function assessment [SMFA] score and Pain by the visual analog scale). Clinical outcomes at follow-up were recorded including knee range of motion, knee stability and development of complications. There were a total of 325 tibial plateau fracture patients treated operatively, of which 22.2% were identified as FD (n = 72). At injury presentation there was no difference with regard to nerve injury or compartment syndrome (both p > 0.05). FD patients had a higher incidence of arterial injury and acute ligament repair (both p < 0.005). At a mean follow-up of 17.5 months, FD patients were similar with regard to pain, total SMFA scores, and return to sports than their non-FD counterparts (p = 0.884, p = 0.531, p = 0.802). FD patients were found to have decreased knee flexion compared with non-FD patients by 5 degrees (mean: 120 and 125 degrees) (p < 0.05). FD patients also had a higher incidence of late knee instability and subsequent surgery for ligament reconstruction (p < 0.005 & p < 0.05). However, there was no difference in neurological function between groups at follow-up (p = 0.102). Despite the higher incidence of ligamentous instability and decreased range of motion, FD patients appear to have similar long-term functional outcomes compared with non-FD of the tibial plateau. While FD patients initially presented with a higher incidence of arterial injury, neurovascular outcomes at final follow-up were similar to those without a dislocation.
Measurement of Medial Tibial Eminence Dimensions for the Clinical Evaluation of ACL-Injured Knees: A Comparison between CT and MRI
Authors: Stepanyan Hayk , Nazaroff Jaron , Le Ngoc , Parker Robert , Tando Toshimi , Yoshioka Hiroshi , Wang Dean
Published: December 2021

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries commonly lead to translational and rotational tibiofemoral instability. The morphology of the medial tibial eminence (MTE) has received increased attention regarding its role in tibiofemoral stability in ACL-injured knees. Therefore, quantification of MTE dimensions on clinical imaging may help clinicians predict knee stability after ACL injury. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is routinely obtained in patients with ACL injuries, whether the dimensions of the MTE can be accurate quantified on MRI is unknown. The purpose of this study was to assess the degree of correlation between measurements of MTE height and width on computed tomography (CT) versus MRI. An institutional picture archiving and communication system imaging database was used to identify patients aged between 15 and 60 years who received concurrent MRI and CT of the same knee within a 1-year interval. Knees with significant arthrosis, deformity, intraarticular fracture, or hardware-related artifact that obscured visualization of the MTE were excluded. Mean differences and interstudy agreement between CT and MRI MTE measurements were compared using concordance correlation coefficient (r
c) and Bland–Altman analysis. A total of 41 knees in 38 patients (mean age, 37 years; 82% male) were analyzed. Interrater reliability for CT and MRI measurements was high (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.740–0.954). On coronal CT and MRI, mean MTE height measurements were 10.4 ± 1.9 and 10.4 ± 1.8 mm, respectively; mean MTE width measurements were 14.6 ± 3.6 and 14.2 ± 3.0 mm, respectively. On sagittal CT and MRI, mean MTE height measurements were 11.6 ± 1.7 and 11.7 ± 1.7 mm, respectively; mean MTE width measurements were 36.5 ± 4.8 and 36.2 ± 5.0 mm, respectively. Good agreement was observed between CT and MRI measurements of MTE height and width on coronal and sagittal planes (r
c = 0.947–0.969). Measurements of MTE height and width were similar on MRI relative to CT on both coronal and sagittal planes. MRI may be suitable for characterizing the dimensions of the MTE when clinically evaluating patients with ACL injuries, potentially allowing for individualized patient care.
A review: Preparation of functionalised materials/smart fabrics that exhibit thermochromic behaviour
Authors: Civan L. , Kurama S.
Published: December 2021

Colour transformation in thermochromic materials comes true with the phase transition in the material due to temperature amendments. By using thermochromic fibres, capsules, colourants, or pigments that respond to heat stimulus in various materials, these materials can be given functional properties. Studies on this subject in the literature are generally related to gaining thermochromic properties to main materials such as glass, concrete, asphalt, and wood. Other studies are related to the production of fibres with thermochromic properties and their use in thermochromic fabrics. In this study, the methods used in the progress of intelligent materials were examined. Developments in innovative, smart thermochromic fabrics were assessed. Despite technological progress, much research still needs to be done on textile practices of thermochromic materials.
Dendrite structure and microhardness of as-cast 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel between different homogenisation processes
Authors: Li En , Li Changsheng , Han Yahui , Ren Jinyi , Gao Cairu , Qiu Chunlin
Published: December 2021

The dendrite structure and hardness of 4Cr5MoSiV1 ingot at different homogenisation processes were studied in order to identify the most efficient and cost-effective heat treatment for this steel. The microsegregation and microhardness were analysed after different soak-times at 800 or 1200°C for single-stage treatments, and for two-stage treatments of different soaking times at both these temperatures. At the single-stage homogenisation treatment, it would be expected that with the increasing of soaking times, the homogenisation effect becoming better, and the higher temperature soak especially so. However, the two-stage homogenisation treatments could be more effective than single-stage treatment at the higher temperature. The two-stage treatments 800°C/3 h + 1200°C/1 h have better homogenisation effect than 1200°C/4 h.
Surface characterisation of brass alloy in the correlation of hardness and electrical resistivity by carbon ion implantation
Authors: Shahnawaz Muhammad , Muhammad Nawaz
Published: December 2021

Material modification, as per demand of era, has been explored by several groups in different areas focusing its engineering prospect for better performance. Carbon ion implantation, using four different doses, has been done on α-brass (64% Cu; 36% Zn) to see its effects on hardness, microstructure and electrical resistivity. Carbon ions distorted the crystalline surface, increased defect density and hardened the surface by 13.2%. The crystallite size was found decreased by 41.15%, which in turn caused a significant increase in electrical resistivity, i.e. 234.8%. Overall, the lattice parameter found increased from 3.680 to 3.688 Å. SEM morphology exhibited nonuniform agglomerations in the form of pits, cracks, voids, cavities, craters, particulates, droplets and petals like structures at the surface by carbon ion implantation.
Characterizing Contemporary Criminal Responsibility Evaluees Using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF)
Authors: Hall Jordan T. , Witherell Jay S. , Ben-Porath Yossef S.
Published: December 2021

Few recent studies have examined the psychological characteristics of contemporary defendants evaluated for criminal responsibility. The current study sought to address this gap using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF). We provide descriptive findings for a recently collected criminal responsibility evaluation sample, contrast the MMPI-2-RF scores of this sample with those of a sample of criminal responsibility evaluees tested approximately two decades earlier, and compare MMPI-2-RF scores of those opined by examiners to meet vs. not meet not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI) criteria. Results of the comparisons of the two cohorts of evaluees tested 10–20 years apart suggest some differences in their overall psychological functioning. Within the updated sample, those opined to meet NGRI criteria showed less over-reporting, antisocial behaviors, internalizing dysfunction, and somatic complaints, and greater under-reporting than individuals in the non-NGRI group. Results are partly consistent with the broader literature, as well as prior work on use of the MMPI-2-RF in this context.
High effective sensitivity, wide working range of melt-blown nonwoven conductive substrates for smart wearable strain sensors
Authors: Liu Jingfang , Liu Rangtong , Liu Shuping , Li Liang , Li Shujing
Published: December 2021

High sensitivity, wide working range and flexible portability of strain sensors are crucial for smart wearable applications. To obtain these performances, several elastic melt-blown nonwoven substrates with excellent flexibility and high conductivity were developed by loading with polypyrrole through a double-dipping and double-rolling finishing method. The structure and conductivity are characterized by scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrometer, digital source meter and so on. The results indicate that the conductivity of prepared substrates is affected by the pyrrole concentration and polypyrrole amount deposited in nonwovens. Obviously, the conductivity and sensitivity of substrates as strain sensors are highly and positively correlated to the fiber orientation in nonwovens, and the effective working range and corresponding sensitivity of sensors are determined by the elastic deformation interval of melt-blown substrate. When the pyrrole concentration is 5.5%, the nonwoven substrate with 45.30% porosity possesses the anisotropic optimal conductivity with 23.491 S m−1 along winding direction and 15.063 S m−1 along width direction. Moreover, the as-prepared flexible conductive substrate exhibits the characteristics of wide working strain range (0%–24.2%), high sensitivity with 1.94 gauge factor at the range, fast response (0.023 s), tiny hysteresis (0.011 s), high durability and stability after 1000 cycles. Furthermore, the as-prepared sensor provides an effective method to prepare smart wearable strain sensors used as the monitor of finger bending in details and the precise recognition of human voice changes.
Residue-free suspended graphene transferred by perforated template
Authors: Kim Sang-Min , Lee Choong-Kwang , Yoon Sung-Uk , Kim Kyung-Shik , Hwangbo Yun
Published: December 2021

A residue-free transfer method for graphene is proposed in this study, especially for the fabrication of suspended structures. Using perforated polymer templates, graphene can be precisely transferred onto the specific position in the perforated target SiO2/Si substrates without the need for polymer removal and the subsequent thermal annealing process. The surface of the transferred graphene by the proposed method was analyzed and corroborated via Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy. The results of these analyses suggest that the graphene surface has no polymeric residues resulting from the transfer process. The proposed method provides a powerful approach for the transfer of 2D materials and it enables the exploitation of their suspended structures for device applications as well as the physical characterizations without worry on the effect of contaminants.
Universal spin-glass behaviour in bulk LaNiO2, PrNiO2 and NdNiO2
Authors: Lin Hai , Gawryluk Dariusz Jakub , Klein Yannick Maximilian , Huangfu Shangxiong , Pomjakushina Ekaterina , von Rohr Fabian , Schilling Andreas
Published: December 2021

Motivated by the recent discovery of superconductivity in infinite-layer nickelate thin films, we report on a synthesis and magnetization study on bulk samples of the parent compounds RNiO2 (R = La, Pr, Nd). The frequency-dependent peaks of the alternating current magnetic susceptibility, along with remarkable memory effects, characterize spin-glass states. Furthermore, various phenomenological parameters via different spin glass models show strong similarity within these three compounds as well as with other rare-earth metal nickelates. The universal spin-glass behaviour distinguishes the nickelates from the parent compound CaCuO2 of cuprate superconductors, which has the same crystal structure and d
9 electronic configuration but undergoes a long-range antiferromagnetic order. Our investigations may indicate a distinctly different nature of magnetism and superconductivity in the bulk nickelates than in the cuprates.