bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial Humanities 3.0: Qualitative Spatial Representation and Semantic Triples as New Means of Exploration of Complex Indigenous Spatial Representations in Sixteenth Century Early Colonial Mexican Maps
Authors: Murrieta-Flores Patricia , Favila-Vázquez Mariana , Flores-Morán Aban
Published: October 2019

For some time now, the field of Spatial Humanities has acknowledged the need for a system capable of the spatial exploration of historical and archaeological phenomena beyond Geographic Information Systems (GIS). This idea comes from the need to analyse holistically spatial information, including that which is not geographic (i.e. vague, symbolic and imaginary space). In addition, this need becomes more apparent when dealing with traditions that do not conform to the Modern/European/Cartesian conception of space in which GIS is rooted. This article, explores the use of Qualitative Spatial Representation (QSR) and Semantic Triples as possible alternative means to model complex and diverse expressions of spatial information, including social and symbolic conceptions in 16th century Mexican maps. Using as case study the map from the region of Atengo-Misquiahuala (Hidalgo) which combine the Mesoamerican and European traditions, we explore how these approaches might open new venues of research, potentially shedding light to long discussed and problematic Mesoamerican spatial categories. Focusing on a contained and partial example, we examine from a theoretical perspective and as a starting point, the possible future implementation of these approaches for historical and archaeological research.
Locating Past Places in Britain: Creating and Evaluating the GB1900 Gazetteer
Authors: Aucott Paula , Southall Humphrey
Published: October 2019

The GB1900 project used crowd-sourcing to transcribe all text from the second edition County Series six inch to one mile maps of Great Britain, published between 1888 and 1914, a total of c. 2.55m. geo-located text strings. These locate almost every farm and about half of all street names. The paper describes the final datasets, and how they were created. It then presents a detailed comparison with five other freely-available gazetteers of Britain: Geonames, the US government's NGA gazetteer, the Ordnance Survey's 50k and Open Names datasets, and the English Place Name Survey's DEEP project. Comparisons are presented at national level and, more qualitatively, for an area of eastern England. The results demonstrate both GB1900's greater volume of geo-located entries and its ability to locate places and features identified in other historical sources beyond administrative hierarchies: this is the most detailed historical gazetteer, certainly for Britain and possibly for anywhere. The final online system is described, including its integration of place name histories from DEEP.
Repopulating Landscapes: Using Offence Data to Recreate Landscapes of Incarceration and Labour at the Port Arthur Penal Station, 1830–1877
Authors: Tuffin Richard , Gibbs Martin
Published: October 2019

For over half-a-century (1803–54), the Australian colony of Van Diemen's Land (Tasmania), played a key part in Britain's globe-spanning unfree diaspora. Today, a rich built and archaeological landscape, augmented by an exhaustive and relatively intact documentary archive, stand as eloquent markers to this convict legacy. As historical archaeologists, we have spent countless hours querying the physical and documentary residues in a bid to understand how the penological, social and economic imperatives of Britain and the colony shaped the management of convict labour. In particular, our task has centred upon the recovery of individual narratives – of both gaoler and gaoled – from such residues, moving away from a traditional focus on the broader outlines of the convict system.

This paper illustrates how spatial history methodological processes have been used to relocate individual historic lives back into the convict industrial landscape of the Tasman Peninsula (Tasmania). Focusing on the male-only penal station of Port Arthur (1830–77), we will illustrate how we have reunited the physicality of past spaces and places, with the lives and labours of those who created and navigated them. Simple methodologies have been used to achieve this, designed with onward applicability in mind. A complex series of documents, convict conduct records, have been mined for spatial markers, allowing events and people to be relocated back into space. Through these processes of linkage and visualisation, we have been encouraged to ask further questions about the management of the unfree labour force and how this came to create the landscape we see today.
El impacto de la maternidad en algunas variables de personalidad.
Authors: Pelechano Vicente , Matud M. P.
Published: October 2019

Sin resumen
A Web of Words: Forging Writer-Researcher Alliances in the Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory
Authors: Brown Susan , Van Herk Aritha
Published: October 2019

The history of collaboration in relation to writing is rich and varied; all writing performs as collaboration. The digital context in particular offers opportunities for collaboration in new modes, although digital connotations engender curiosity, resistance and reformulation.The Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory (www.cwrc.ca) builds on that potential in the creation of an online space for research into writing in and about Canada, drawing on the extent to which collaboration and exchange between writers and researchers are built into the fabric of Canadian cultural life. Notwithstanding that symbiosis, certain kinds of exchange are anathema to writers and critics alike. We are torn between the impulse to keep our words our own and a recognition that they emerge from the kind of surfing and sifting endemic to web research, a process and praxis of using. Being inspired by and responding to other people’s words and ideas is the basis for all literature—and literary scholarship. Women’s writing is particularly collaborative, whether we attribute that to gendered permeability of boundaries or to the embattled position of women within a masculinist literary establishment. The CWRC-enabled group of projects on Canada’s women writers aims to produce a rich, multi-faceted, and bilingual trove of insights into that ongoing process of dialogue, response, and repudiation. CWRC offers, then, a precise moment of opportunity, but also the challenge of how to benefit writers as well as scholars, so that collaboration between scholars and writers is supported. Most of all, its goal is to enable a feminist aesthetic and a space for women to speak that at this point competes in the pressure cooker of a digital world still very much a male domain.Moving through Lorraine York, Margaret Atwood, Daphne Marlatt, Betsy Warland and Nicole Brossard via Susanne de Lotbinière-Harwood, this essay explores the dimensions of connection at a time when the digital has opened a wonderfully generative space that nevertheless does not privilege women’s voices or discoveries. It outlines some early CWRC projects, its mentoring potential, and the need to keep more women’s writing and writing about that writing in circulation and preserved for our cultural record. CWRC can enhance readerships, offer a place to sample new Canadian writing, and provide a larger context in which to explore its many alliances, transgressions and betrayals.
Dystopie au féminin chez Nelly Arcan : lecture métaféministe
Authors: Gheno Marine
Published: October 2019

Nelly Arcan, écrivaine québécoise provocatrice du « je », médiatique et polémique même posthume, exprime dans ses textes une désillusion vis à vis de la société, de la dictature de la beauté (qu’elle critique autant qu’elle incarne) et d’une possible libération des femmes qui suscite de nombreuses interrogations sur le féminisme contemporain et la façon dont il est évoqué dans l’écriture au féminin actuelle. Le métaféminisme proposé par Lori Saint-Martin (1994) se retrouve chez Arcan dans ses écrits au féminin critiques de la société contemporaine, intimes, accessibles au grand public, osés, moins théoriques et moins engagés que les textes au féminin des années 1970-80. Mais quel renouveau féministe peuvent apporter les cris et écrits noirs et lancinants de Nelly Arcan ? Cet article examine l’aspect dystopique de l’écriture d’Arcan—à la fois en tant que démarche critique au féminin et témoignage d’une déception profonde dans ses thèmes et son style d’écriture—et l’impact de cette absence d'espoir pour la pensée féministe contemporaine. La dystopie ou pulsion morbide chez Arcan se poserait-elle en réponse aux idéaux, revendications (et échecs ?) féministes et féminins ?
Forecast unwrit
Authors: Chan Weyman
Published: October 2019

Poem
Analysis of Consultation Cases Referred from Pediatrics Department to Dermatology Outpatient Clinic: Retrospective Study
Authors: DAYE Munise , TEMIZ Selami Aykut , DURDURAN Yasemin , BALEVI Sukru , DURSUN Recep , ATASEVEN Arzu , OZER İlkay
Published: October 2019

Objective: There are a few studies in the literature about dermatology consultations requested from Pediatrics Department. In the present study, it was aimed to assess the clinical features, pre-diagnosis and dermatologic diagnosis of patients consulted to the Dermatology Department from Pediatrics Department, and also to detect possible different approaches between the clinics.Methods: The list of dermatology consultations requested from Pediatrics Department between 1 September 2016 and 1 September 2017 were retrospectively evaluated by means of pre-diagnosis, dermatological diagnosis and unit consultations.Results: The mean age of patients was 7.4±5.3 years. Of the 628 patients, 52.1% were males, and 85% of the consultations were requested from outpatient clinics and 15% were from the inpatient clinics. Among all consultations 28.7% general pediatrics unit and 17.5% pediatric emergency unit required consultations. The most common diagnosis reported from Dermatology Department were eczema (28.2%), viral diseases (13.2%), parasitic diseases (8.4%) and fungal diseases (5.4%). Although, the ratio of an accurate pre-diagnosis was significantly higher in consultations requested from the inpatient clinics than those from outpatient clinics(p<0.001), 42.7% of the patients were referred to Dermatology Outpatient Clinic with an incorrect pre-diagnosis.Conclusion: Almost half of the patients, who were referred to Dermatology consultation, were diagnosed with incorrect pre-diagnosis. It was seen that pediatricians were difficult to recognize dermatoses. The awareness of Pediatric Dermatology Department should be raised for both specialties.
Investigation of the Effects of Biological Activity and Steeping Time of Four Different Black Teas Commercially Valuable in Turkey
Authors: TASKİN Turgut , LEVENT Muhammed , SAHİN Talip
Published: October 2019

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the phenolic, tannins contents and biological activities (antioxidant, anticholinesterase) of four different black teas commercially valuable in Turkey. Subsequently, to examine the effect of the steeping time on the chemical contents (phenolic and tannins contents) and biological activities of the samples.Methods: The antioxidant activities of samples were examined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The amount of total phenolic and tannins contents contained in the samples was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (FCR) method. In addition, the anticholinesterase activities of different samples were evaluated by Ellman method.Results: According to the results obtained, filtered tea bag (FT) sample obtained after 5 min steeping exhibited stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity than other samples. In addition, it was found that powder ceylon tea (PCT) samples obtained after 60 min and 10 min steeping had the highest FRAP and CUPRAC values respectively. In this study, it was also determined that the PCT samples obtained after 5 min, 10 min, 15 min, and 30 min steeping contained higher phenolic and tannins contents than the other samples. In anticholinesterase experiment, powder tea (PT) sample obtained after 5 min steeping was found to have the strongest anticholinesterase activity.Conclusion: As a result, it was determined that the amount of phenolic contents generally increased with the infusion time. It was also found that the antioxidant, anticholinesterase activities and tannins content of the tea samples did not show significant change due to the time of the infusion.
Determination of Rank, Rankl and Opg Gene Polymorphisms in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients and Invesgation of its Effect on Bone Metastasis
Authors: YILDIZ Şükran , AL SAADONI Hani , ALIUSTAOGLU Mehmet , ERGEN Arzu , PENCE Sadrettin
Published: October 2019

Objective: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a sub-type of breast cancer with the worst prognosis and highest risk of mortality. Bone metastasis is the most common metastasis type among women with breast cancer. RANK and OPG, are the members of the family of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), which is effective on osteoblastic and osteoclastic mechanisms. RANKL, interacts with RANK and leads to bone resorption, whereas it inhibits bone destruction when it interacts with OPG.Methods: In this study, we investigated the polymorphisms of RANK, RANKL and OPG genes and their effects on bone metastasis in 45 patients with triple negative breast cancer and 30 healthy controls, using PCR, RFLP and agarose gel electrophoresis techniques.Results: The RANKL genotype and allele distribution analysis revealed a significantly increased CC genotype incidence in patients with TNBC and bone metastasis (p=0.011) and in those without bone metastasis (p=0.004) compared to the control group. The OPG genotype and allele distribution analysis revealed significantly increased C allele incidence in patients with TNBC and bone metastasis (p=0.004) compared to the control group. Likewise, the CC genotype (p=0.001) and C allele incidences (p=0.001) were observed to be significantly increased in patients with TNBC compared to healthy controls.Conclusion: This study is one of the first studies investigating all three RANK/RANKL/OPG gene polymorphisms and the relationship between breast cancer and bone metastasis in our country. We believe that our study will shed light onto further studies to be conducted on triple negative breast cancer and bone metastasis.
An Overview of Experimental Models on Ischemic Heart Diseases
Authors: GUDEN Demet Sinem , SEHIRLI Ahmet Ozer
Published: October 2019

Objective: Heart failure is commonly defined as a heart dysfunction associated with pulmonary alveolar blood flow and consequent inability to ensure adequate blood supply to the tissues or to meet the body’s metabolic demand. Currently, there is a considerable lack of experimental uniformity for ischemic heart models as well as types of ischemia. Therefore, our objective is to summarize frequently applied methods that are designed to evaluate ischemic heart diseases. A systematic search was conducted to review experimental models according to keywords. In general, iatrogenic and transgenic cardiomyopathy models were used in the literature. These models were designed to generate global and regional ischemia.Our review is conducted to evaluate experimental models with the intent of improving the modelling of ischemic heart diseases. Poor modelling can contribute to high mortality and morbidity rates in cardiology. Given the wide range of models available, the future animal models of ischemic heart failure will potentially provide more efficient and reliable preventative measures in the fight against complex cardiovascular diseases.
PENINGKATAN NILAI GUNA PEPAYA MENJADI SAOS PEPAYA DI PERUMAHAN PATAM INDAH PATAM LESTARI SEKUPANG
Authors: Hazimah Hazimah , Sugianto Welly , Triwuri Nurlinda Ayu
Published: October 2019

Saos digunakan sebagai penyedap bahan makanan. Saos dibuat dari berbagai buah-buahan, salah satu buah-buahan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar untuk membuat saos adalah buah pepaya karena terdapat kandungan gizi yang baik bagi tubuh seperti karbohidrat, serat, asam folat, vitamin, dan berbagai macam mineral yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Saos adalah bubur buah kental berwarna menarik (biasanya merah), mempunyai aroma dan rasa yang merangsang (dengan tanpa rasa pedas). Walau kandungan air dalam saos cukup besar, masa simpan saos dalam jangka waktu yang panjang karena asam, gula, dan garam sebagai pengawet alami. Saos juga dapat diolah dari bahan lainnya seperti cabai, dan tomat. Setiap bahan yang digunakan pada pembuatan saos mempunyai fungsi tertentu yang betujuan untuk memperbaiki rasa, warna, aroma, dan kekentalan. Gula akan memberikan rasa manis, garam akan memberikan rasa asin, cuka akan memberikan rasa asam dan sekaligus memberikan efek pengawetan karena sebagian besar mikroorganisme tidak tahan terhadap kondisi asam. Rempah-rempah akan memperbaiki aroma dan cita rasa. Pembuatan saos pepaya melalui beberapa tahap yaitu pembuatan pasta, pencampuran bahan tambahan makanan, pemasakan dan pengemasan. Dalam pembuatan pasta pepaya, pepaya segar dihaluskan terlebih dahulu, kemudian ditambahkan bahan yang lainnya dan setelah produk saos sudah jadi dilanjutkan proses pengemasan selanjutnya saos sudah siap untuk dipasarkan.
Bimbingan Belajar Matematika Kepada Siswa Kelas IX Di SMP Kristen Payeti, Waingapu, Sumba Timur, NTT
Authors: MARKUS FELIANI ABSASCE
Published: October 2019

Learning tutoring activities for class IX students at SMP Kristen Payeti are a form of community service carried out by Gerakan Mahasiswa Matematika (Gamma) in this case to improve student learning motivation and help teachers guide class IX students to prepare themselves before National exam. The purpose of this activity is seen from the situation analysis conducted that the Mathematics learning process in the class is still not optimal due to several factors such as insufficient time to discuss too many math questions with different levels of difficulty, coupled with the number of students in the class IX which is quite a lot and has minimal teaching staff. This tutoring activity took place very well with a positive response from some students who were very enthusiastic in learning because the learning methods carried out by some counselors were very interesting but the infrastructure in schools was still very minimal so that students' learning motivation was not fully optimal. Tutoring activities as a form of community service are very important to help increase student learning motivation both in class or outside the classroom, and also as a guide is very useful as a form of new experience and closer to the community in this case the school community.
UPAYA PENANGGULANGAN SAMPAH ORGANIK DI DESA MAOS LOR CILACAP MENGGUNAKAN KOMPOSTER AYUN
Authors: Triwuri Nurlinda Ayu
Published: October 2019

Population growth and settlements have significant consequences on basic problems. One of the main problems that arises and needs to be planned is waste problem. Large amount of unhandling landfill causes various problems, both directly and indirectly for the city population, especially the community members in Desa Maos Lor, Dusun Tengah RW 11 who own a Waste Bank. The problem from Waste Bank is the organic waste that is not utilized and managed optimally, instead it is allowed to accumulate and rot, so it pollutes the environment. The potential method for handling organic waste is by applying anaerobic composter technology to produce fertilizer or compost, which is a swing composter. The composition in the swing composter consists of husk as the base, compost as the starter, fine organic waste (in the form of residual waste or kitchen waste), then it is covered with husk. To speed up the occurrence of decay, the kitchen waste is chopped into small size. Then, the composter is swung 5 to 10 times for mixing it with microorganisms. Next step is letting the swing composter for 4 months. Liquid organic fertilizer and solid organic fertilizer can be used by residents of Desa Maos Lor Dusun Tengah RW 11 to grow crops.
The Development of Early Childhood Motor through Human Resource Empowerment of PAUD Teacher Using Educational Game Tools in Maos Lor, Cilacap District, Central Java Province
Authors: Satriawan Dodi
Published: October 2019

Improving education and training of teacher as a focus on reformation of educational system which is a goal that must be achieved in EFA (Education for All). As a tangible manifestation of the mandate through efforts to improve the quality of education and development of competency based on educational game tools or APE. PAUD teachers should also have the ability to design, create, utilize, maintain, and self-assess the tools for early childhood games because well-developed game tools will be more interesting than tools that were not developed first. This community service program activity is needed because the education level of PAUD teachers varies. Based on the results of the identification of the target audience, most PAUD teachers do not meet the academic qualifications and competencies properly. The ability to read, write, count, think actively and critically and the low implementation of learning models in the form of quality and fun educational teaching aids in PAUD institutions is very necessary. The expected output of this activity is the increasing, competency and quality of PAUD teachers towards educational game-based media learning programs (APE) and increasing the creativity of PAUD students by implementing APE-based learning media programs.
PENGENALAN SEJAK DINI PROFESI APOTEKER MELALUI METODE STORYTELLING BERMUATAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER
Authors: Wijayanti Rina
Published: October 2019

Early childhood (2-6 years) is a golden age as well as an appropriate time to start character education and learn various skills that are useful for children as a foundation for higher skills in the future. The application of character education at that age will continue to imprint and underpin good character values that are beneficial to the child's future. TK Senyiur Indah is one of the educational institutions implementing character education through the implementation of the 2013 Curriculum. One of the themes raised in character education at TK Senyiur Indah is Work or Profession. However, the introduction of the health profession that was delivered at the time of learning activities at the Beautiful Senyiur Kindergarten was only limited to the profession of doctors and nurses. Students have not been introduced to the pharmacist profession. Whereas in fact, the pharmacist profession plays an important role in the success of health programs. The purpose of this service is to increase students' knowledge about the pharmacist profession through storytelling activities containing character education as an effort to improve health. The method used in this community service activity is the early introduction of the pharmacist profession, using the storytelling method using visual aids such as finger puppets, as well as games about the process of making drugs in the form of capsules. Solution to the agreement with partners can be seen through indicators of the success of this activity as measured by increasing the acquisition of pretest and posttest scores, which shows an increase in students' knowledge. The conclusion in this activity is the high enthusiasm of students so as to increase knowledge, skills, students in terms of medicine and the pharmacist profession so as to improve students' health.
PEMBIMBINGAN PEMBUATAN STANDAR OPERASIONAL PROSEDUR (SOP) PADA USAHA BATU BATA DI KOTA BATAM
Authors: Husda Nur Elfi
Published: October 2019

Usaha batu bata merupakan industri yang cukup lama ada di Kota Batam, yang diperkirakan sudah ada sejak tahun 1898 dan saat itu bersaing ketat dengan produksi batu bata di negara Singapura. Salah satu tempat usaha batu bata adalah di Kelurahan Tanjung Piayu, Kecamatan Sei Beduk, Batam. hal ini dikarenakan di lokasi ini banyak terdapat lahan kosong yang mengandung tanah liat yang baik untuk dasar pembuatan batu bata. Usaha batu bata yang ada sebagian besar dilakukan oleh home industry dan usaha keluarga. Proses yang dilakukan oleh mitra pengabdian adalah dengan cara manual dan belum ada panduan standar untuk melaksanakan proses pengerjaan batu bata sehingga terkadang pekerja menjadi kelelahan dan jika ada kesalahan, pekerja akan kesulitan menemukan pada tahap mana kesalahan dilakukan. Hal ini karena tidak adanya Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) sebagai panduan dalam bekerja. Untuk itu tim pengabdian melaksanakan pembimbingan dan pelatihan tentang SOP agar pemilik dan pekerja dapat memahami dan dapat membuat prosedur dari setiap tahapan-tahapan pekerjaan yang dilakukan. Hasil pelaksanaan pengabdian yang sudah dilakukan adalah pemilik dan pekerja menjadi memahami langkah pembuatan SOP serta telah adanya beberapa SOP dari tahapan pelaksanaan pekerjaan pembuatan batu bata dari awal sampai dengan akhir yaitu sampai batu bata dikirimkan kepada suplier.
PELATIHAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN SULAMAN DAN BORDIR SEBAGAI PRODUK DESAIN INTERIOR DI KOTA PAYAKUMBUH
Authors: Yani Mita
Published: October 2019

Lembaga Keterampilan dan Pelatihan (LKP) “Lemos” yang ada di Kota Payakumbuh bergerak di bidang sulaman dan bordir dengan 15 (lima belas) anggota kursus. Pelatihan dan pengembangan perlu dilakukan pada lembaga ini karena beberapa hal: (a) Kurangnya tenaga terampil dan kreativitas dalam membuat hasil kerajinan, penerapan atau aplikasi produk sulaman dan bordir yang masih terbatas (b) Teknik komposisi warna dan motif  dan pola relatif tidak berkembang. (c) kesuliatan lembaga untuk mengikuti pelatihan maupun workshop pengembangan diri terkait dengan keterbatasan dana. Metode Pengabdian adalah berupa pelatihan pembuatan motif dan pola dasar dan pengembangan inovasi sulaman dan bordir dari pakar dan ahli. Hasil pengabdian adalah melakukan pelatihan dan workshop terhadap anggota lembaga mitra dengan melibatkan Sanggar Kegiatan Belajar (SKB) Kota Payakumbuh guna meningkatkan mode dan motif sulaman dan bordir, kuantitas dan kualitas produk dalam mengembangkan hasil produk sulaman dan bordir. Hasil lainnya adalah pemberian materi tentang keselamatan kerja dan motivasi dalam bekerja. Peningkatan dalam menghasilkan mode dan motif sulaman dan bordir dari peserta pelatihan diperoleh kriteria sangat baik 58% dan inovatif 60%.
Mapping an Agricultural Field Experiment by Electromagnetic Induction and Ground Penetrating Radar to Improve Soil Water Content Estimation
Authors: De Benedetto Daniela , Montemurro Francesco , Diacono Mariangela
Published: October 2019

A growing interest in proximal sensing technologies for estimating soil water content (SWC) will be highlighted. On this matter the objectives of this study were: (1) to use both the combined electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensor and Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) to characterize an innovative field experiment located in southern Italy, in which different agricultural practices are tested, including a soil hydraulic arrangement; (2) to implement a geostatistical approach in order to merge different geophysical sensor data as auxiliary variables for SWC estimation. The multi-sensor recorded data were: (1) SWC data measured by gravimetric method; (2) Differential Global Positioning System height; (3) apparent electrical conductivity measured by an EMI sensor; (4) depths of soil discontinuities individuated by GPR radargrams interpretation; and (5) amplitude of GPR signal data at two different frequencies. Geostatistical techniques were used both to map all variables and improve the SWC estimation. The findings of this research indicate that: (1) the GPR radargrams identified four reflection events as a consequence of interfaces; (2) the EMI and GPR mapping provided identification of areas with high potential for water stagnation; and (3) the outputs of geophysical sensors can be effectively used as auxiliary tools to supplement the sampling of the target variable and to improve water content estimation.
Management of High-Residue Cover Crops in a Conservation Tillage Organic Vegetable On-Farm Setting
Authors: Kornecki Ted S. , Price Andrew J.
Published: October 2019

A three year on-farm conservation-tillage experiment was initiated in fall of 2008 at Randle Farm LLC, located in Auburn, AL. Our objective was to evaluate and demonstrate implementation of tenable conservation vegetable production practices using high amounts of cover crop residues that reduce soil erosion, improve soil productivity and quality, reduce energy costs, and promote farm profitability. Cereal rye, crimson clover, and a rye and crimson clover mixture were evaluated as cover crops; these were terminated using either a prototype two-stage roller/crimper alone or followed by an application of 2.5 L a.i. ha−1 45% cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum L.) oil (cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, eugenol acetate,)/45% clove oil (eugenol, acetyl eugenol, caryophyllene) mixture in the spring prior to crop establishment. A winter fallow conventional tillage system was included for comparison. Watermelons, cantaloupes, and okra then were transplanted into each cover crop and termination treatment combination in mid-May, utilizing a modified transplanter equipped with a custom fitted subsoiling shank and row cleaners to alleviate soil compaction and facilitate transplanting. In all years, all cover crop treatments exceeded 4000 kg ha−1 and in 2009 and 2011, exceeded 6000 kg ha−1. At 21 days after termination in 2010 when the slowest termination occurred, higher termination rates were obtained for cereal rye (95% to 96%) followed by lower termination rates for the clover/rye mixture (83% to 85%); the lowest termination rates were obtained for crimson clover (66% to 68%). Commercially available cinnamon/clove oil solution provided little cover crop termination above that provided by a roller crimper alone. Volumetric soil moisture content for rolled/crimped cover crops was consistently higher compared to the conventional system, indicating that flattened and desiccated cover crop residue provided water conservation. In 2010 and 2011, yields for cantaloupe, okra, and watermelons were consistently higher for the conventional system compared with no-till system with cover crops likely due to weed cultivation limitations and insect pressure. Future studies need to focus on weed control and integrated pest management.
n-3 PUFA Sources (Precursor/Products): A Review of Current Knowledge on Rabbit
Authors: Rodríguez María , G. Rebollar Pilar , Mattioli Simona , Castellini Cesare
Published: October 2019

This review compares the effects of different n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) sources on biological activity, physiological/reproductive endpoints, and health implications with a special emphasis on a rabbit case study. Linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA) are members of two classes of PUFAs, namely the n-6 and n-3 series, which are required for normal human health. Both are considered precursors of a cascade of molecules (eicosanoids), which take part in many biological processes (inflammation, vasoconstriction/vasodilation, thromboregulation, etc.). However, their biological functions are opposite and are mainly related to the form (precursor or long-chain products) in which they were administered and to the enzyme–substrate preference. ALA is widely present in common vegetable oils and foods, marine algae, and natural herbs, whereas its long-chain PUFA derivatives are available mainly in fish and animal product origins. Recent studies have shown that the accumulation of n-3 PUFAs seems mostly to be tissue-dependent and acts in a tissue-selective manner. Furthermore, dietary n-3 PUFAs widely affect the lipid oxidation susceptibility of all tissues. In conclusion, sustainable sources of n-3 PUFAs are limited and exert a different effect about (1) the form in which they are administered, precursor or derivatives; (2) their antioxidant protections; and (3) the purpose to be achieved (health improvement, physiological and reproductive traits, metabolic pathways, etc.).
Susceptibility of Multidrug-Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Uropathogens to Mexican Oregano Essential Oil
Authors: Zapién-Chavarría Karen Arely , Plascencia-Terrazas Alejandro , Venegas-Ortega María Georgina , Varillas-Torres Mauricio , Rivera-Chavira Blanca Estela , Adame-Gallegos Jaime Raúl , González-Rangel María Olga , Nevárez-Moorillón Guadalupe Virginia
Published: October 2019

Antibiotic resistance along with biofilm formation increases the difficulty for antibiotic therapy in urinary tract infections. Bioactive molecules derived from plants, such as those present in essential oils, can be used to treat bacterial infections. Oregano is one of the spices to have antimicrobial activity. Therefore, three Mexican oregano essential oils (two Lippia berlandieri Schauer and one Poliomintha longiflora) were tested for antimicrobial capacity against multidrug-resistant, biofilm-forming bacterial isolates. Clinical isolates from urinary tract infections were tested for antibiotic resistance. Multidrug-resistant isolates were evaluated for biofilm formation, and Mexican oregano antimicrobial effect was determined by the minimal inhibitory (CMI) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (CMB). The selected isolates were identified by molecular phylogenetic analysis. Sixty-one isolates were included in the study; twenty were characterized as multidrug-resistant and from those, six were strong biofilm formers. Three isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, two as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one as Enterococcus faecalis based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16 S rRNA gene sequences. The antimicrobial effect was bactericidal; E. faecalis was the most susceptible (<200 mg/L CMI/CMB), and P. aeruginosa was the most resistant (>2,000 mg/L CMI/CMB). There was a range of 500-1000 mg/L (CMI/CMB) for the E. coli isolates. Mexican oregano essential oils demonstrated antimicrobial efficacy against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates.
Stabilization of a Residual Soil Using Calcium and Magnesium Hydroxide Nanoparticles: A Quick Precipitation Method
Authors: Yong Lee Li , Namal Jayasanka Perera S.V.A.D. , Syamsir Agusril , Emmanuel Endene , Paul Suvash Chandra , Anggraini Vivi
Published: October 2019

The current study examines the potential of using calcium and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles synthetized through a quick precipitation method as soil stabilizers for improving the engineering properties of tropical residual soil. The engineering properties of untreated and nanoparticles-treated soil were studied by carrying out a series of geotechnical tests including compaction, Atterberg limits, falling head permeability, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS). The stabilization mechanisms associated with soil–chemical reactions were further explored by performing microstructural analyses such as x-ray diffraction (XRD), variable-pressure scanning electron microscope (VP-SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The findings revealed that the calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles improved the geotechnical properties of residual soils in terms of reduced hydraulic conductivity and increased UCS. The percentage reduction of the hydraulic conductivity of magnesium and calcium hydroxide nanoparticles-treated soils compared to untreated soil after seven weeks of permeation were 85.14% and 98.70%, respectively. The magnesium and calcium hydroxide nanoparticles-treated soils subjected to 14 days of curing recorded a percentage increase in the UCS of 148.05% and 180.17%, respectively compared to untreated soil. Hence, it can be concluded that both magnesium and calcium hydroxide nanoparticles can be effectively utilized as environmental-friendly stabilizers.
Reliable Generation of Native-Like Decoys Limits Predictive Ability in Fragment-Based Protein Structure Prediction
Authors: Kandathil Shaun M. , Garza-Fabre Mario , Handl Julia , Lovell Simon C.
Published: October 2019

Our previous work with fragment-assembly methods has demonstrated specific deficiencies in conformational sampling behaviour that, when addressed through improved sampling algorithms, can lead to more reliable prediction of tertiary protein structure when good fragments are available, and when score values can be relied upon to guide the search to the native basin. In this paper, we present preliminary investigations into two important questions arising from more difficult prediction problems. First, we investigated the extent to which native-like conformational states are generated during multiple runs of our search protocols. We determined that, in cases of difficult prediction, native-like decoys are rarely or never generated. Second, we developed a scheme for decoy retention that balances the objectives of retaining low-scoring structures and retaining conformationally diverse structures sampled during the course of the search. Our method succeeds at retaining more diverse sets of structures, and, for a few targets, more native-like solutions are retained as compared to our original, energy-based retention scheme. However, in general, we found that the rate at which native-like structural states are generated has a much stronger effect on eventual distributions of predictive accuracy in the decoy sets, as compared to the specific decoy retention strategy used. We found that our protocols show differences in their ability to access native-like states for some targets, and this may explain some of the differences in predictive performance seen between these methods. There appears to be an interaction between fragment sets and move operators, which influences the accessibility of native-like structures for given targets. Our results point to clear directions for further improvements in fragment-based methods, which are likely to enable higher accuracy predictions.
Study on the Heat Reduction Effect of Biomimetic Unidirectional Transporting Channels Inspired by Nepenthes alata
Authors: Zhang Yixuan , Zhang Deyuan , Wang Dongyue , Zhang Xiangyu
Published: October 2019

Heat control has been a momentous problem in engineering areas which include manufacturing, aeronautics, microchips and so forth for a considerable amount of time. The control of material for thermal deformation, effective cooling are the key components of the aero crafts and compactly laid out microchips are urgently needed for improvement. In a micro-scale, researchers are mainly focused on the mechanism, design, improvement and heat transfer of straight channels other than developing other types of channels. A previous study on the carnivorous plant, Nepenthes alata, indicates that the water can be transported continuously and directionally on the surface of the rim of the pitcher because of its multi-scale structures. Meanwhile, the transporting speed is much higher than what was thought previously. Inspired by this unique phenomenon, the heat management ability of this biological micro channel is investigated in this research. Firstly, based on existing studies, the features of the biological channels are extracted. Then, the unidirectional channels are designed and fabricated by elliptical vibration cutting accordingly. The experimental platform for thermal control was established consequently. Both bio-inspired and straight triangular channels of the same depth and width were set for comparison. Through the comparative experiments, it is concluded preliminarily that the critical point of heat transfer performance of the two channels exists, and the biomimetic structure can improve and strengthen the cooling effects at a large flow rate because of the unique geometric structure. The temperature reduction of the bio-inspired channels can be increased by up to 84 percent compared with straight channels in a single experiment when heated up to 150 centigrade.
iNOS Interacts with Autophagy Receptor p62 and is Degraded by Autophagy in Macrophages
Authors: Wang Jing , Wu Ming-Yue , Su Huanxing , Lu Jinjian , Chen Xiuping , Tan Jieqiong , Lu Jia-Hong
Published: October 2019

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important mediator of inflammation response and the production of NO has been linked to a variety of diseases, including tumors, inflammation and central nervous system diseases. In macrophages, a high level of NO is generated by iNOS during inflammatory responses triggered by cytokines or pathogens. Autophagy, a cellular bulk degradation process via lysosome, has been implicated in many disease conditions including inflammation. In this study, we have reported the previously unknown role of autophagy in regulating iNOS levels in macrophages, both under basal and Lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced conditions. Our data showed that iNOS levels accumulated upon autophagy inhibition and decreased upon autophagy induction. iNOS interacted and co-localized with autophagy receptor p62/SQSTM1, especially under LPS-stimulated condition in macrophages. Moreover, the immunostaining data revealed that iNOS also co-localizes with the autophagosome marker LC3 and lysosome marker LAMP1, especially under lysosomal inhibition conditions, indicating iNOS is an autophagy substrate. Finally, we showed that autophagy negatively regulated the generation of NO in macrophages, which is consistent with the changes of iNOS levels. Collectively, our study revealed a previously unknown mechanism by which autophagy regulates iNOS levels to modulate NO production during inflammation.
MicroRNAs as a Potential Quality Measurement Tool of Platelet Concentrate Stored in Blood Banks—A Review
Authors: Maués Jersey Heitor da Silva , Aquino Moreira-Nunes Caroline de Fátima , Rodriguez Burbano Rommel Mário
Published: October 2019

Background: Platelet concentrate (PC) is one of the main products used in a therapeutic transfusion. This blood component requires special storage at blood banks, however, even under good storage conditions, modifications or degradations may occur and are known as platelet storage lesions. Methods: This research was performed on scientific citation databases PubMed/Medline, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science, for publications containing platelet storage lesions. The results obtained mainly reveal the clinical applicability of miRNAs as biomarkers of storage injury and as useful tools for a problem affecting public and private health, the lack of PC bags in countries with few blood donors. The major studies listed in this review identified miRNAs associated with important platelet functions that are relevant in clinical practice as quality biomarkers of PC, such as miR-223, miR-126, miR-10a, miR-150, miR-16, miR-21, miR-326, miR-495, let-7b, let-7c, let-7e, miR-107, miR-10b, miR-145, miR-155, miR-17, miR-191, miR-197, miR-200b, miR-24, miR-331, miR-376. These miRNAs can be used in blood banks to identify platelet injury in PC bags. Conclusion: The studies described in this review relate the functions of miRNAs with molecular mechanisms that result in functional platelet differences, such as apoptosis. Thus, miRNA profiles can be used to measure the quality of storage PC for more than 5 days, identify bags with platelet injury, and distinguish those with functional platelets.
Size and Shape Evolution of GaAsSb-Capped InAs/GaAs Quantum Dots: Dependence on the Sb Content
Authors: Alshehri Khairiah , Salhi Abdelmajid , Ahamad Madhar Niyaz , Ilahi Bouraoui
Published: October 2019

Capping InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) with a thin GaAsSb layer alters the QDs structural properties, leading to considerable changes in their optical properties. The increase of the Sb content induces a redshift of the emission energies, indicating a change in the buried QDs shape and size. The presence of well-defined ground- and excited-state emission bands in all the photoluminescence spectra allow an accurate estimation of the buried QDs size and shape by numerical evaluation and tuning of the theoretical emission energies. For an Sb content below 14%, the QDs are found to have a type I band alignment with a truncated height pyramidal form. However, for higher Sb content (22%), the QDs are present in a full pyramidal shape. The observed behavior is interpreted in terms of increasing prevention of InAs QDs decomposition with increasing the Sb content in the cap layer.
Changes in Heterotrophic Picoplankton Community Structure after Induction of a Phytoplankton Bloom under Different Light Regimes
Authors: Karayanni Hera , Kormas Konstantinos A. , Moustaka-Gouni Maria , Sommer Ulrich
Published: October 2019

Bacterial and archaeal diversity and succession were studied during a mesocosm experiment that investigated whether changing light regimes could affect the onset of phytoplankton blooms. For this, 454-pyrosequencing of the bacterial V1-V3 and archaeal V3-V9 16S rRNA regions was performed in samples collected from four mesocosms receiving different light irradiances at the beginning and the end of the experiment and during phytoplankton growth. In total, 46 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with ≥1% relative abundance occurred (22–34 OTUs per mesocosm). OTUs were affiliated mainly with Rhodobacteraceae, Flavobacteriaceae and Alteromonadaceae. The four mesocosms shared 11 abundant OTUs. Dominance increased at the beginning of phytoplankton growth in all treatments and decreased thereafter. Maximum dominance was found in the mesocosms with high irradiances. Overall, specific bacterial OTUs had different responses in terms of relative abundance under in situ and high light intensities, and an early phytoplankton bloom resulted in different bacterial community structures both at high (family) and low (OTU) taxonomic levels. Thus, bacterial community structure and succession are affected by light regime, both directly and indirectly, which may have implications for an ecosystem’s response to environmental changes.
Thermodynamics of a Phase-Driven Proximity Josephson Junction
Authors: Vischi Francesco , Carrega Matteo , Braggio Alessandro , Virtanen Pauli , Giazotto Francesco
Published: October 2019

We study the thermodynamic properties of a superconductor/normal metal/superconductor Josephson junction in the short limit. Owing to the proximity effect, such a junction constitutes a thermodynamic system where phase difference, supercurrent, temperature and entropy are thermodynamical variables connected by equations of state. These allow conceiving quasi-static processes that we characterize in terms of heat and work exchanged. Finally, we combine such processes to construct a Josephson-based Otto and Stirling cycles. We study the related performance in both engine and refrigerator operating mode.
False Positive Decremented Research for Fire and Smoke Detection in Surveillance Camera using Spatial and Temporal Features Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Lee Yeunghak , Shim Jaechang
Published: October 2019

Fire must be extinguished early, as it leads to economic losses and losses of precious lives. Vision-based methods have many difficulties in algorithm research due to the atypical nature fire flame and smoke. In this study, we introduce a novel smoke detection algorithm that reduces false positive detection using spatial and temporal features based on deep learning from factory installed surveillance cameras. First, we calculated the global frame similarity and mean square error (MSE) to detect the moving of fire flame and smoke from input surveillance cameras. Second, we extracted the fire flame and smoke candidate area using the deep learning algorithm (Faster Region-based Convolutional Network (R-CNN)). Third, the final fire flame and smoke area was decided by local spatial and temporal information: frame difference, color, similarity, wavelet transform, coefficient of variation, and MSE. This research proposed a new algorithm using global and local frame features, which is well presented object information to reduce false positive based on the deep learning method. Experimental results show that the false positive detection of the proposed algorithm was reduced to about 99.9% in maintaining the smoke and fire detection performance. It was confirmed that the proposed method has excellent false detection performance.