bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Presenting with Tetraparesis Due to Cervicomedullary Junction Compression
Authors: Chng S.M. , Sitoh Y.Y. , Hui F.
Published: January 2017

Cranial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) may give rise to myelopathy due to spinal perimedullary venous drainage causing intramedullary venous hypertension. Such cases are uncommon but not rare, with several cases reported in the literature. We report a case of foramen magnum DAVF presenting with symptoms of tetraparesis. The unusual feature was that in this case it was due to compression of the cervicomedullary junction by a large venous pouch rather than the result of spinal perimedullary venous hypertension. Transarterial glue embolization achieved good reduction of flow in the fistula with shrinkage of the venous pouch and corresponding clinical improvement.
Can Periprocedural Hypotension in Carotid Artery Stenting Be Predicted?
Authors: Tsurumi A. , Miyachi S. , Hososhima O. , Izumi T. , Ohshima T. , Matsubara N. , Kinkori T. , Naito T. , Wakabayashi T.
Published: January 2017

Periprocedural hypotension, which frequently occurs during carotid artery stenting (CAS), is an important risk factor for complications such as stroke or death after CAS.

To determine if a scoring model can be established to predict periprocedural hypotension (systolic blood pressure < or = 90 mm Hg) and prolonged periprocedural hypotension (requiring vasopressor for > 3 hours) in CAS, we conducted a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing interventional treatment of cervical carotid artery stenosis in an urban tertiary referral hospital from April 2006 to April 2007.

Forty-eight stenotic lesions in 45 consecutive patients treated with CAS were included in the study. Multivariate analysis showed three independent risk factors of periprocedural hypotension; “fibrous plaque on Virtual Histology” (P = 0.029), “stenotic lesion involving both the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery on angiogram” (P = 0.004), and “patients without history of diabetes mellitus” (P = 0.020). Further, “distance between carotid bifurcation and point of minimum lumen size < or = 10 mm on angiogram” (P = 0.003) was an independent risk factor of prolonged periprocedural hypotension. Carotid morphologic autonomic pathologic score (carotid MAPS), determined by adding one point for each of those risk factors (total 0 to 4), had good discrimination for both periprocedural hypotension (area under receiver operating characteristic curve: ROC AUC = 0.876; SE 0.053) and prolonged periprocedural hypotension (ROC AUC = 0.811; SE 0.066).

Carotid MAPS is useful for predicting periprocedural hypotension and prolonged periprocedural hypotension during CAS.
Endovascular Treatment for Very Small Supraclinoid Aneurysms with Stent-Assisted Coiling
Authors: Fang C. , Li M-H. , Zhang P-L , Wang W. , Tan H-Q. , Xu H-W. , Zhou B.
Published: January 2017

The endovascular treatment of very small aneurysms (lesions less than 3 mm in maximum diameter) with wide necks remains a challenge for saccular embolization. We retrospectively analyzed our data using Neuroform stent-assist-ed coiling for very small supraclinoid aneurysms with wide neck to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of endovascular treatment of these lesions.

We conducted a review of our experience and results of endovascular treatments in six patients with seven very small aneurysms. All aneurysms were located at the side wall of the supraclinoid segment of the ICA. They were ruptured in two patients and unruptured in four. The technique of stent-assisted coiling was used in all cases with coiling before stenting and additional coils after deployment of the stent in the same session.

All patients were successfully embolized with stent-assisted coiling. The coils were introduced into the lumen for subtotal occlusion in five aneurysms and for partial occlusion in two. During one to two years follow-up angiography, all aneurysms were completely occluded and no recurrence occurred. No complications were observed.

Endovascular stent-assisted coil embolization of supraclinoid very small aneurysms with wide necks is effective and feasible. Subtotal aneurysm occlusion might progress to total occlusion.
Vertebral Dissecting Aneurysm Treated with Wingspan Stent Deployment and Detachable Coils
Authors: Lv M. , Lv X. , Li Y. , Yang X. , Wu Z.
Published: January 2017

We describe the first documented endovascular treatment of vertebral dissecting aneurysm using a Wingspan stent and detachable coils.

A 54-year-old man presented with a nonruptured vertebral dissecting aneurysm. Because of the dissecting nature of the vertebral aneurysms, a 3×15-mm Wingspan stent was placed in the left vertebral artery. One month later, several detachable coils were introduced into the aneurysm. Six-month follow-up angiogram confirmed the obliteration. Vertebral dissecting aneurysm can be treated with Wingspan stent placement and detachable coils.
Stenting Both before and after Coiling of a Ruptured Fusiform Basilar Aneurysm to Overcome Mechanical Occlusion Caused by Thrombosis within the Coil Mass
Authors: Varjavand B.
Published: January 2017

Tortuous vessel anatomy reconstructed by stent-assisted coiling may be kinked by thrombus expansion within the coil mass. This can be overcome by placement of a second stent.
Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy for Malignant Gliomas: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Burkhardt J-K. , Riina H.A. , Shin B.J. , Moliterno J.A. , Hofstetter C.P. , Boockvar J.A.
Published: January 2017

Intra-arterial (IA) chemotherapy for malignant gliomas including glioblastoma multiforme was initiated decades ago, with many preclinical and clinical studies having been performed since then. Although novel endovascular devices and techniques such as microcatheter or balloon assistance have been introduced into clinical practice, the question remains whether IA therapy is safe and superior to other drug delivery modalities such as intravenous (IV) or oral treatment regimens. This review focuses on IA delivery and surveys the available literature to assess the advantages and disadvantages of IA chemotherapy for treatment of malignant gliomas. In addition, we introduce our hypothesis of using IA delivery to selectively target cancer stem cells residing in the perivascular stem cell niche.
A Case Report
Authors: Agid R. , Simons M. , Casaubon L.K. , Sniderman K.
Published: January 2017

We present a rare case of carotid tear caused by iatrogenic erroneous insertion of a dialysis sheath into the common carotid artery (CCA). This was treated by placement of a covered stent-graft in the CCA over the puncture site. This treatment achieved hemostasis while preserving the carotid artery with good outcome. The technical details are presented and the relevant literature regarding treatment of carotid blowout syndrome is discussed. This case suggests that placement of a covered stent-graft is a good option not only for the “usual” blowout syndrome due to head and neck tumors, but also for treatment of iatrogenic injury to the carotid artery.
Balloon-Assisted Coiling of the Cavernous Sinus to Treat Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula
Authors: De Renzis Alioscia , Nappini Sergio , Consoli Arturo , Renieri Leonardo , Limbucci Nicola , Rosi Andrea , Vignoli Chiara , Pellicanò Giannantonio , Mangiafico Salvatore
Published: January 2017

This study evaluated clinical and neuroradiological results in 13 consecutive patients with spontaneous and traumatic direct carotid cavernous fistulas treated at our center between January 2006 and September 2012.

All patients were treated by coiling of the cavernous sinus. Coiling was always performed while a semi-compliant non-detachable balloon was temporarily inflated in the internal carotid artery. This technique (balloon-assisted coiling) permitted a clear visualization of the fistula, facilitated coil positioning and protected the patency of the artery. All patients' clinical data and radiological examinations were reviewed; nine patients underwent radiological and clinical follow-up, with a mean duration of 3.8 years (range: six months-six years). Overall results at discharge showed a complete occlusion of the fistula in seven patients (7/13, 54%) and a resolution of symptoms in eight patients (8/12, 67%). Radiological follow-up showed complete occlusion of the fistula in all patients (9/9, 100%) and clinical follow-up showed a resolution of symptoms in eight patients (8/9, 89%) and persistent symptoms in one (1/9, 11%). No procedure-related complications occurred.

Balloon-assisted coiling of the cavernous sinus for the treatment of direct carotid cavernous fistulas proved an effective and safe technique, both in angiographic and clinical terms, and may be considered a technical improvement.
Percutaneous Microballoon Compression for Trigeminal Neuralgia Using Dyna-CT
Authors: Xiaochuan Huo , Xiaoyun S. , Junsheng Luo , Ning Guan , Wenshi Guo , Zhenxing Zhang
Published: January 2017

Percutaneous microballoon compression (PMC) is a well-established technique for treatment of trigeminal neuralgia (TN). However, direct puncture of the foramen ovale (FO) is sometimes difficult and there have been well-reported complications from cannulating the FO. We describe our experiences in using Dyna-CT for cannulating the FO and determining balloon position and volume.

Dyna-CT was used to perform image reconstruction in 21 cases. The optimal working projection was generated and further fluoroscopic data were used to determine the needle's relationship to the foramen during puncture. Furthermore, the balloon position and three-dimensional shape were verified by Dyna-CT during balloon compression. The balloon volume and puncture angle were further calculated. Patients' prognosis was further discussed.

Dyna-CT allowed quick, safe, and easy cannulation of the FO. It provided three-dimensional images which were more elaborate than the classic ‘pear-shaped’ images for determining correct positioning in 21 cases. The volume of the flattened balloon ranged from 568.2 mm3 to 891.4 mm3 with an average of 775.9 mm3. The angle of introducing the cannula ranged from 15.17°–35.48° rotation to the midline with an average of 26.24° and 38.47°–51.89° angulation to the Reid line with an average of 46.09°. All the patients were pain free after PMC. Four patients had resolvable masseter weakness and fine touch loss. There was no recurrence of TN during follow-up.

Dyna-CT demonstrated three advantages in assisting PMC. Firstly, the FO can be better visualized irrespective of the patient's position. Secondly, needle correction or insertion can be performed much more easily because of the direct fluoroscopic control. Thirdly, the needle position, balloon position, balloon configuration and the volume of the inflated balloon are more reliably determined. The use of dyna-CT provided an assisted method to PMC with a low incidence of complications and good prognosis.
Preoperative Embolization of Hypervascular Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral Spinal Column Tumors: Technique and Outcomes from a Single Center
Authors: Nair Sreejit , Gobin Y. Pierre , Leng Lewis Z. , Marcus Joshua D. , Bilsky Mark , Laufer Ilya , Patsalides Athos
Published: January 2017

The existing literature on preoperative spine tumor embolization is limited in size of patient cohorts and diversity of tumor histologies. This report presents our experience with preoperative embolization of hypervascular thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spinal column tumors in the largest series to date.

We conducted a retrospective review of 228 angiograms and 188 pre-operative embolizations for tumors involving thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal column. Tumor vascularity was evaluated with conventional spinal angiography and was graded from 0 (same as normal adjacent vertebral body) to 3 (severe tumor blush with arteriovenous shunting). Embolic materials included poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) particles and detachable platinum coils and rarely, liquid embolics. The degree of embolization was graded as complete, near-complete, or partial. Anesthesia records were reviewed to document blood loss during surgery.

Renal cell carcinoma (44.2%), thyroid carcinoma (9.2%), and leiomyosarcoma (6.6%) were the most common tumors out of a total of 40 tumor histologies. Hemangiopericytoma had the highest mean vascularity (2.6) of all tumor types with at least five representative cases followed by renal cell carcinoma (2.0) and thyroid carcinoma (2.0). PVA particles were used in 100% of cases. Detachable platinum coils were used in 51.6% of cases. Complete, near-complete, and partial embolizations were achieved in 86.1%, 12.7%, and 1.2% of all cases, respectively. There were no new post-procedure neurologic deficits or other complications with long-term morbidity. The mean intra-operative blood loss for the hypervascular tumors treated with pre-operative embolization was 1745 cc.

Preoperative embolization of hypervascular thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine tumors can be performed with high success rates and a high degree of safety at high volume centers.
Combined Transarterial and Transvenous Embolisation of Jugulotympanic Paragangliomas
Authors: Jacobs J.M. , Shelton C. , Thompson B.G.
Published: January 2017

Paragangliomas of the jugular region present a greater challenge to the surgeon than paragangliomas in other locations. Because of the vascular nature of the tumour, bleeding can be substantial not only from arterial inflow to the tumour, but also from venous bleeding, if not embolised prior to surgery. Six patients were treated with combined transarterial and transvenous embolisation followed by surgical resection. In each instance, the diagnosis of jugulotympanic paraganglioma was suspected based on MR features. Substantial reduction in loss of blood appears to result from the combined transarterial and transvenous embolisation approach.
Endovascular Management of Complete Vertebral Artery Dissection Presenting with Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Authors: Lenthall R.K. , White B.D. , McConachie N.S.
Published: January 2017

Spontaneous vertebral artery (VA) dissection may involve the intradural segment of the VA and result in subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). These lesions are frequently associated with recurrent SAH, and have a high mortality.

Prior to the development of endovascular techniques the majority of these lesions were treated surgically. In cases where the dissection involved the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) origin surgery was associated with significant complications including recurrent SAH from retrograde VA flow into the dissected segment above the surgical clip. We describe two cases of complete VA dissection in which the entire intradural VA was sacrificed to prevent recurrent SAH. The first case tolerated planned left PICA occlusion without developing a significant neurological deficit. The second case had infarcted the right PICA territory at presentation.
A Bayesian least-squares support vector machine method for predicting the remaining useful life of a microwave component
Authors: Sun Fuqiang , Li Xiaoyang , Liao Haitao , Zhang Xiankun
Published: January 2017

Rapid and accurate lifetime prediction of critical components in a system is important to maintaining the system’s reliable operation. To this end, many lifetime prediction methods have been developed to handle various failure-related data collected in different situations. Among these methods, machine learning and Bayesian updating are the most popular ones. In this article, a Bayesian least-squares support vector machine method that combines least-squares support vector machine with Bayesian inference is developed for predicting the remaining useful life of a microwave component. A degradation model describing the change in the component’s power gain over time is developed, and the point and interval remaining useful life estimates are obtained considering a predefined failure threshold. In our case study, the radial basis function neural network approach is also implemented for comparison purposes. The results indicate that the Bayesian least-squares support vector machine method is more precise and stable in predicting the remaining useful life of this type of components.
Experimental study on bladeless turbine using incompressible working medium
Authors: Li Ruixiong , Wang Huanran , Yao Erren , Li Meng , Nan Weigang
Published: January 2017

The bladeless turbine has a promising future as a new power generation system. To explore the operating characteristics of the turbine, a bladeless turbine experimental platform with an incompressible working medium was designed and built. The relationships among performance parameters were analysed in experiments, and studies were conducted on the flow characteristics of the working medium inside the turbine using numerical simulation software. The causes of entry and exit losses were analysed. The data acquired by simulation were consistent with the result of calculations using the partial loss model developed in this article, which means that this model is capable of calculating the partial loss of a bladeless turbine and is thus suitable for the design and optimization of bladeless turbines.
Heme Oxigenase-1 (HO-1) and Oxidative Stress in Rat Heart
Authors: Grilli A. , De Lutiis M.A. , Patruno A. , Speranza L. , Gizzi F. , Di Giulio C. , Conti P. , Felaco M.
Published: January 2017

Low oxygen tension (hypoxia) is a potent regulator of diverse biological processes. Mammalian cells respond to hypoxia in part by increased expression of several genes that encode for tissue-specific and ubiquitous proteins. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of chronic exposure to low tension of oxygen (hypoxia) on the induction of heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as an oxidative stress model.

Adult male Wistar rats were used and subdivided randomly in two groups: A:(n=10) maintained in normoxic conditions and B: (n=10) maintained in hypoxic conditions. The animal of both groups were sacrificed after 14 days. Group A showed an evident non-specific reaction. Group B presented an increased positively of HO-1 immunoreaction. This data was confirmed by western blot analysis of protein and by the study of mRNA through rtPCR. These results suggest that myocardial adaptive response to hypoxia involves up-regulation of HO-1 in cardiac cells, indicating that this enzyme may participate in regulating vascular tone via CO and thereby contributing to the pathophysiologically important defense mechanism of the heart.
The Effects of Long-Term Administration of Sodium Nedocromil on Bronchial Hypereactivity
Authors: Ilonidis G. , Anogianakis G. , Trakatelli CH. , Anogeianaki A. , Chomatidis M. , Sinakos E. , Moschou A. , Grintzou P. , Michalis I.
Published: January 2017

The effect of long-term treatment with sodium nedocromil on airway hypereactivity was investigated in two groups of 20 patients each. Group I patients presented with allergic asthma while Group II patients presented with intrinsic asthma. For each subject of the two groups, the base FEV1 was measured and nebulized methacholine was administrated in consecutively higher concentrations until a decrease in FEV1 of >20 % was observed. Following measurement, all patients included in the study were treated with 12 mg of sodium nedocromil per day for 12 months. At the end of the treatment, bronchial hyperreactivity was evaluated for a second time by administering the same dosage of methacholine that originally produced a decline in FEV1 of >20 %. In Group I patients (allergic asthma) mean FEV1 was 3126 ml, before challenge, while after methacholine challenge FEV1 was 2400ml. Following 1-year of sodium nedocromil administration the FEV1 was 2601ml (P<0.05). Before treatment, the mean fall in FEV1, following methacholine challenge, was 23.67% while following a 1-year-long sodium nedocromil administration this value reduced to 15.70% (P<0.05). Correspondingly, PC20 was 5.59 while after sodium nedocromil administration it increased to 11.66 (P<0.05). In Group II patients (intrinsic asthma) mean FEV1 was 2750 ml, before challenge, while after methacholine challenge FEV1 was 2066ml. Following 1-year of sodium nedocromil administration the FEV1 was 2223ml (P<0.05). Before treatment, the mean fall in FEV1, following methacholine challenge, was 27.65 % while following a 1-year-long sodium nedocromil administration this value reduced to 21.92 % (P<0.05). Correspondingly, PC20 was 5.91 while after sodium nedocromil administration it increased to 6.19 (P<0.05). The results suggest a positive effect of long-term sodium nedocromil administration in bronchial hyperreactivity for both groups of patients.
Topical Vitamin E Acetate for the Treatment of Cheilitis: A Multicentre Experience
Authors: Cassano N. , De Benedittis M. , Petruzzi M. , Carbonara M. , Agnusdei C. , Alessandrini G. , Bellini M. , Callea A. , Carriera M.L. , Coviello C. , Gasparro E. Crifò , Dattola S. , Ferrari A. , Gabellone M. , Gravante M. , Ligori P. , Liguori G. , Mancino A. , Manco S. , Martina G. , Pietrantonio V. , Postorino F. , Saviozzi A. , Schiraldi G. , Sodo M.R. , Stasi R. , Tortora G. , Zoccali A. , Vena G.A.
Published: January 2017

Treatment of cheilitis is usually difficult and often disappointing. We evaluated the effects of a topical preparation containing vitamin E acetate (VEA® lipogel) in 254 patients (mean age, 29.5) with cheilitis of various nature and etiology, involving the vermilion region and/or the perioral skin. The most frequent form of cheilitis was that induced by oral isotretinoin; other forms were irritant contact dermatitis, atopic cheilitis, and contact allergy. Patients were instructed to apply VEA® lipogel daily; the number of daily applications was modulated on the basis of the severity of symptoms (two or three times a day in the majority of cases). After 4 weeks of treatment, clinical examination showed that the severity of symptoms and signs significantly improved (P<0.001). The response to treatment was reported as particularly rapid by 32% of patients. Patient's assessment of overall effectiveness and acceptability was positive in the majority of cases. Treatment was well tolerated; local adverse reactions were observed in 2.75% of patients and were mostly transient and mild. Our experience suggests that VEA® lipogel is an effective and safe approach to cheilitis. The safety of this preparation is also due to the presence of only a few excipients and the absence of fragrances, preservatives and colouring agents.
Treatment and Prophylaxis of Pityriasis Versicolor with Oral Fluconazole
Authors: Cassano N. , D'Argento V. , Loconsole F. , Vena G.A.
Published: January 2017

Treatment with oral antifungals is usually preferred when pityriasis versicolor (PV) affects large body surface areas, especially in chronic or recurrent cases. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of fluconazole in the treatment and prophylaxis of patients with chronic or recurrent, mostly extensive, PV. Treatment regimen consisted of fluconazole 100mg once daily for 10 consecutive days; 3–4 weeks after the end of treatment, patients were evaluated for clinical and mycological response (visit T1). Patients with mycological eradication received fluconazole 200mg/day (100mg twice a day) for two consecutive days per month for 5 months. Clinical and mycological evaluations were performed after 2 months (T2) and 5 months (T3) from visit T1. Mycological efficacy was assessed using microscopic examination and represented the primary efficacy parameter; therefore, positive microscopy at any visit was reason for withdrawal from the study. At visit T1 60 subjects were evaluated; most patients (94 %) were clinically cured or improved. Similar clinical response rates were observed at visits T2 and T3. The proportion of patients with eradication of Malassezia was 92 % at T1 visit, 88 % at T2 visit, and 91 % at T3 visit. No relevant adverse events occurred.

The results of this open preliminary study suggest that an oral treatment with fluconazole 100mg/day for 10 days is effective in PV. A maintenance monthly treatment with fluconazole 200mg/day for two consecutive days can be very useful to prevent recurrence of PV.
Metabolic Modifications in HIV-Infected Women
Authors: Vecchiet J. , Falasca K. , Zingariello P. , Travasi F. , Manigrasso M.R. , Di Ilio E. , Dalessandro M. , Capani F. , Paganelli R. , Pizzigallo E. , Guagnano M.T.
Published: January 2017

To assess metabolic alterations and/or abnormal fat distribution in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-infected women undergoing Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), a case-control study was carried out in a population of twenty-two HIV-infected, normal weight, non-diabetic, normotensive women. Twenty-five healthy non infected subjects matched for sex, age and Body Mass Index (BMI) were also included as a control group. Blood samples were collected for leptin and insulin measurements. Fasting glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol were also measured. Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR). Body fat distribution was evaluated using waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), Bioelectric Impedance Analysis (BIA) and abdominal CT-scan. Immunologic and virologic parameters included CD4- and CD8-T cell counts and HIV-RNA levels. HIV-infected patients showed higher levels of total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (P<0.05), higher fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (P<0.001), lower levels of HDL-cholesterol (P<0.001) and serum leptin (P<0.001) than the control group. With regard to body fat distribution, no statistically significant difference between cases and controls was found. Among the control women leptin levels were positively correlated with body fat distribution parameters (P<0.001).
Lyme Borreliosis Infection in Europe
Authors: Santino I. , Sessa R. , Del Piano M.
Published: January 2017

Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease in the United States and Europe. It is caused by spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi species complex which are transmitted by ticks of the genus Ixodes. This paper presents a review of the studies published about Lyme borreliosis in Europe and in Italy. Seroepidemiologic studies have been conducted in various European countries concerning patients, groups at risk and general population. The distribution of LB in Europe is very variable and the risk is associated with occupational and recreational activities in forested areas and with residence in rural area. Taking the limitations of seroprevalence methods into account, it is evident that the prevalence of Lyme borreliosis varies considerably in different European countries, with an overall increasing prevalence from west to east in central-eastern Europe, a gradient of decreasing incidence in Spain and Greece and from north to south in Italy.
Microbiological Food Contamination and Status of Health at Herculaneum (1St Century Ad, Southern Italy)
Authors: D'Anastasio R. , Capasso L.
Published: January 2017

The perfect preservation of objects, including food items, found in the houses of the Roman town of Herculaneum provides a unique perspective on the relationship between the state of health and nutrition in Roman times. The link between epizoonosis and the use of goat cheese has already been demonstrated. In this study, we show that other foods were also microbiologically contaminated, and that the Romans were continually exposed to alimentary sources of human illness. However, anthropological analysis of the skeletons of Herculaneum has shown a low prevalence of non-specific bone inflammation. We demonstrate that pomegranates and figs, consumed primarily in dried form, were invariably contaminated by Streptomyces spp, a bacterium that produces natural tetracycline. Histological analysis of the human bones from this site demonstrates a fluorescence typical of this substance. The tetracycline-labeled human bones show that the Roman inhabitants of Herculaneum were in the habit of eating foods contaminated by streptomicetes; this fact may explain the very low frequency of non-specific inflammatory bone pathologies in the living population. This interpretation fits with the therapeutic recommendations by several Roman physicians that preserved fruits be used to treat some inflammatory diseases.
Immunoexpression of p38 Mitogen-Activated Proteinkinase in Patients with Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Uraz A. , Ayhan E. , Yildirim B. , Bariş E. , Pehlivan S. , Eren K.
Published: January 2017

The influence of p38 mitogen-activated proteinkinase (MAPK) expression in the development and progression of periodontal disease is currently under investigation. The aim of the present study is to investigate whether the p38 MAPK expression in gingival tissues correlates with IL-1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Twenty patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), 15 patients with generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP) and 10 healthy subjects (H) were enrolled in the study. Clinical data, gingival tissue biopsies and GCF samples were collected. The expression of p38 was investigated by immunohistochemistry. The levels of IL-1β in GCF were measured using ELISA. Mean clinical parameters and GCF volumes were statistically higher in patients with GAgP and GCP compared to H subjects. Higher levels of IL-1β were found in both periodontitis groups. The p38 expression was significantly increased in inflamed gingival tissues. There were no statistically significant differences in levels of IL-1β and p38 expression between subjects with GAgP and GCP. Our data support the hypothesis that MAPK signaling pathway is an additional player in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. This is the first report to evaluate the involvement of p38 MAPK in patients with GAgP and GCP which might be, in part, considered of value in understanding disease mechanisms.
Cloning and Overexpression of Extracellular Elastase from Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
Authors: Raftari M. , Ghafourian S. , Sadeghifard N. , Bakar F. Abu
Published: January 2017

This study was an attempt to overexpress the extracellular elastase from Pseuodomonas aeruginosa in Escherichia coli and characterize the level of purified enzymes of recombinant bacterium. The gene encoding an elastase natively produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli using pET-32a system and the resultant recombinant elastase was purified and compared with the native elastase gene. The 1497 bp gene was amplified and subcloned in pET-32a and subsequently transformed into E. coli BL21. The media assay, SDS-PAGE and Western blotting were carried out to analyze the results, and the extracellular enzyme was purified to detect enzyme activity of recombinant E. coli. Nucleotide sequencing of the DNA insert from the clone revealed that the protease activity corresponded to an open reading frame consisting of 1497 bp coding for a 53.69-kDa protein. The clear zones around the recombinant colonies on skim milk agar as well as sharp band on 53-kD size on SDS-PAGE and Western blotting confirm the correct expression of elastase enzyme. Bacterial culture containing pET-32a-lasB showed high enzyme activity around 670 μg elastase ml−1. The results showed that elastase has potential to be produced industrially and be applied in medicine, food, etc. divisions.
The Elusive but Pathogenic Peptidoglycan of Chlamydiae
Authors: Di Pietro M. , De Santis F. , De Biase D. , Sessa R.
Published: January 2017

Chlamydia species cause a broad spectrum of diseases in humans including severe chronic sequelae related to persistent forms. Despite the lack of detectable amounts of peptidoglycan, several studies suggest the presence of small quantities of peptidoglycan or its derivative at least in some stages of the growth cycle. Based on recent discovery in Chlamydiae of the aminotransferase pathway for biosynthesis of meso-diaminopimelic acid, we demonstrated the up-regulation of the gene (cp0259) encoding L,L-diaminopimelate aminotransferase in chlamydial persistent forms. This finding may be important in the search for target molecules to diagnose and treat Chlamydia-associated chronic diseases.
The Role of Inflammation in Type a Aortic Dissection: A Pilot Study
Authors: Balistreri C.R. , Pisano C. , D'Amico T. , Palmeri C. , Candore G. , Maresi E. , Ruvolo G.
Published: January 2017

Type A aortic dissection (TAAD) is a severe cardiovascular disease with high mortality rates. Current evidence suggests inflammation as the main mechanism of its complex pathophysiology. Accordingly, in this study the eventual presence of inflammatory cells in aorta specimens and any contribution of these cells in both apoptosis and metalloproteinase levels were assessed. The potential relationship between plasma inflammatory molecules and TAAD was also detected. In addition, implication in TAAD susceptibility of ten common and functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)s of six candidate genes (CCR5, TLR4, ACE, eNOs, MMP-9 and −2) was determined. Thus, histo-pathological and immunoistochemical aorta examination, TUNEL testing, genotyping of ten SNPs were performed. Levels of plasma inflammatory molecules were also determined using ELISA technique. A significant inflammatory infiltrate was observed in the examined aortas. Consistent with these data, significantly higher plasma levels of systemic inflammatory mediators characterized the cases. In addition, a high risk genotype significantly associated with TAAD susceptibility was identified. Thus, inflammation producing MMPs, cytokines and death mediators seem to be the shared pathological mechanism for TAAD in the population examined.
CD3 and CD20 Expression in Titanium vs Zirconia Peri-Implant Soft Tissues: A Human Study
Authors: Bambini F. , Santarelli A. , Marzo G. , Rubini C. , Orsini G. , Di Iorio D. , Russo L. Lo , Muzio L. Lo
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate in the peri-implant soft tissue of single-implant crowns supported by either zirconia or titanium abutments in healthy subjects. Serial sections from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks from peri-implant mucosa of 25 patients were immunohistochemically analyzed for CD3 and CD20 lymphocyte marker expression. The results showed that levels of T cells (CD3) were higher around zirconia than titanium abutments (p<0.05). On the contrary, the levels of B cells (CD20) were found higher around titanium abutment in comparison with the zirconia abutment. These differences were statistically significant (p<0.05).
Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia and Lichen Planopilaris: Clinical, Dermoscopic and Histological Comparison
Authors: Rossi A. , Iorio A. , Scali E. , Gerardi M. , Priolo L. , Misciali C. , Carlesimo M. , Calvieri S. , Mari E.
Published: January 2017

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) and lichen planopilaris (LPP) are classified as scarring alopecia. Most authors consider FFA as a clinical variant of LPP on the basis of their similar histological findings; other authors think these pathologies are two different entities. We studied 48 cases of FFA and 86 cases of LPP. Clinical diagnosis was histologically confirmed and all patients underwent videodermoscopy. Moreover, histological study, identifying the main targets of these diseases, results helpful to confirm the diagnosis. FFA selectively affects vellus-like hair in the frontoparietal region and is characterized by a mild skin atrophy and a total loss of follicular openings. In LPP an involvement of total preterminal, terminal and vellus-like follicles, partial or total loss of follicular openings, diffuse hair thinning and twisting, perifollicular erythematous or violaceous papules and mild/severe spinous follicular hyperkeratosis with scalp sclerosis are the features observed. Videodermoscopy improves diagnostic capability, appearing to be helpful to underline FFA and LPP features, confirmed by histologic studies which identify and show different intensity of inflammatory process. Therefore, the two diseases could be considered two different entities on the basis of the different clinical features and the different targets, that can be related to a different pathogenetic mechanism.
WITHDRAWN—Administrative Duplicate Publication: Research ethics committees: The ineligibles
Authors: Humphreys Stephen
Published: January 2017

Due to an administrative error, this article was accidentally published twice Online First with different DOIs. Humphreys S. (2016) Research ethics committees: The ineligibles. Research Ethics. doi: 10.1177/1747016112466979 However, the correct and citable version of the article remains: Humphreys S. (2013). Research ethics committees: The ineligibles. Research Ethics. 11(3), 142−150. doi: 10.1177/1747016113489944
Priming Christian Religious Concepts Increases Racial Prejudice
Authors: Johnson Megan K. , Rowatt Wade C. , LaBouff Jordan
Published: January 2017

Positive correlations have been found between several self-report measures of religiousness and racial prejudice; however, no experiment has yet examined the direct effect of religion on racial attitudes. In the current studies, persons were subliminally primed with Christian or neutral words. Then covert racial prejudice (Study 1) and general negative affect toward African-Americans (Study 2) were assessed. Participants subliminally primed with Christian words displayed more covert racial prejudice against African-Americans (Study 1) and more general negative affect toward African-Americans (Study 2) than did persons primed with neutral words. The effects of priming on racial prejudice remained even when statistically controlling for pre-existing levels of religiousness and spirituality. Possible mechanisms for the observed effect of Christian religion on racial prejudice are discussed.
Silencing the Past
Authors: Čehajić Sabina , Brown Rupert
Published: January 2017

This research examines the effects of intergroup contact on readiness to acknowledge in-group responsibility for atrocities and harm committed in the past. One correlational study ( N = 284) set in the context of the postconflict intergroup relations of Bosnia and Herzegovina found that good-quality contact with members from the victim group predicted acknowledgment of in-group responsibility through an increase in perspective taking and a decrease in perceived victimhood. Ordinary Serbian adolescents who engaged in contact with Bosnian Muslims were more ready to acknowledge that their own group was responsible for atrocities committed during the 1992-1995 war. Practical and social implications of these findings are discussed.
More Memory Bang for the Attentional Buck
Authors: Becker D. Vaughn , Anderson Uriah S. , Neuberg Steven L. , Maner Jon K. , Shapiro Jenessa R. , Ackerman Joshua M. , Schaller Mark , Kenrick Douglas T.
Published: January 2017

When encountering individuals with a potential inclination to harm them, people face a dilemma: Staring at them provides useful information about their intentions but may also be perceived by them as intrusive and challenging—thereby increasing the likelihood of the very threat the people fear. One solution to this dilemma would be an enhanced ability to efficiently encode such individuals—to be able to remember them without spending any additional direct attention on them. In two experiments, the authors primed self-protective concerns in perceivers and assessed visual attention and recognition memory for a variety of faces. Consistent with hypotheses, self-protective participants (relative to control participants) exhibited enhanced encoding efficiency (i.e., greater memory not predicated on any enhancement of visual attention) for Black and Arab male faces—groups stereotyped as being potentially dangerous—but not for female or White male faces. Results suggest that encoding efficiency depends on the functional relevance of the social information people encounter.
Treatment of Wide-Neck Basilar Tip Aneurysms Using the Web II Device
Authors: Colla Ruben , Cirillo Luigi , Princiotta Ciro , Dall'olio Massimo , Menetti Federico , Vallone Stefano , Leonard Marco
Published: January 2017

Endovascular treatment has assumed a major role in the management of intracranial aneurysms. Although current techniques have proven extremely effective in the embolization of a large number of intracranial aneurysms, wide-necked basilar tip aneurysms represent a subset that continues to pose technical challenges in treatment. This study reports our experience with WEB II, a new embolization device employed in four patients with this type of aneurysm.
Comparison of pancreatic histology specimens obtained by EUS 19G versus 22G core biopsy needles: A prospective multicentre study among experienced pathologists
Authors: Petrone Maria Chiara , Poley Jan‐Werner , Bonzini Matteo , Abdulkader Ihab , Biermann Katharina , Monges Genevieve , Rindi Guido , Doglioni Claudio , Bruno Marco J , Giovannini Marc , Iglesias‐Garcia Julio , Larghi Alberto , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio
Published: January 2017

Background and aim

Scanty data about inter‐observer agreement (IOA) among pathologists in the evaluation of pancreatic samples acquired with EUS histology needle are available. The aim of this study was to determine IOA on adequacy of pancreatic histology specimens obtained with a 22G needle by a panel of experienced pathologist, in comparison with the 19G needle.

Methods

This multicentre prospective study involved 73 pancreatic specimens prepared using histology needles of different calibres. Five pathologists independently reviewed all the samples, assessing the presence of a core, specimen adequacy and the possibility to perform additional analyses. IOA determined by Fleiss’ Kappa statistic was used as the primary outcome measure. Secondary outcome was to compare 22G versus 19G needle results.

Results

A core was present in 57% of pancreatic specimens obtained by 22G needle. The specimens were considered adequate in 72% of cases, with poor agreement among pathologists (p  = 0.02, Fleiss’ κ = 0.26). The possibility to perform further analyses was rated as ‘positive’ in 66% of cases without significant difference among observers (p  = 0.80). When comparing the results, the presence of a core and the adequacy of tissue slides were significantly better for the 19G needle (57% vs. 84% p  = 0.002; 72% vs. 83% p  = 0.004, respectively). Reproducibility in the assessment of pancreatic sample adequacy was significantly better with the 19G needle (κ = 0.26 for 22G samples vs. κ = 0.81 for 19G samples).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that histology sampling of pancreatic masses should be performed with a 19G histology needle, since is able to provide a core in the majority of cases, with 83% of adequate specimens and excellent results in term of reproducibility among pathologists.
Newspaper Review Show in the Broadcast Media Space in Ghana
Authors: Nyarko Jacob
Published: January 2017

Ghana’s public sphere has witnessed a growing media presence which has enhanced the relay of information to the citizenry. By this, society is given a full spectrum of alternatives to access media. Amid this atmosphere is a platform labeled the “Newspaper Review Show” which appears to have generated some sort of contention since its inception among newspaper publishers on one hand and broadcast stations on the other. Using an exploratory qualitative approach, this study has shown that review of newspaper content is pervasive in the landscape and the selective style of review of major agenda has affected readership, revenue of newspaper outlets, and reading culture, among others. However, the article also contended that falling readership is attributed to some factors other than only review of newspaper content.
Ten Common Mistakes to Avoid as an Independent Consultant
Authors: Hau Marilyn L.
Published: January 2017

Errors in assumptions and business practices that limit the success of a nurse consultant, and ways to avoid them, are described. Enthusiasm and dedication must be accompanied by a realistic understanding of the time commitment, financial resources, and objective decision making necessary to succeed. The nurse consultant must be able to identify potential client needs and promote services effectively to a target market. Improper pricing with undervalued services must be avoided. Even with a large client base, poor cash flow management, inadequate legal precautions, and lack of contingency planning are critical concerns. The pros and cons of various business forms, such as partnerships, are explored. Independent consulting can be satisfying and profitable with proper understanding of the pitfalls and how to avoid them.
Wind Energy Presents New Challenges for Worker Health and Safety
Authors: Moynihan Mary J.
Published: January 2017

Wind technology jobs present uncertainties for worker health. More investigation is needed to ensure the safety of employees working on wind farms.
Acute Gastrocnemius-Soleus Complex Injuries in National Football League Athletes
Authors: Werner Brian C. , Belkin Nicole S. , Kennelly Steve , Weiss Leigh , Barnes Ronnie P. , Potter Hollis G. , Warren Russell F. , Rodeo Scott A.
Published: January 2017

Background:

Lower extremity muscle injuries are common in professional football. Although less common than hamstring or quadriceps injuries in National Football League (NFL) athletes, calf injuries occur with relative frequency and have not previously been studied.

Purpose:

To evaluate gastrocnemius-soleus complex muscle injuries over the past 13 years from a single NFL team to determine the incidence of such injuries, their imaging characteristics, and return to play after such injuries and any correlation between imaging findings and prolonged return to play.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A retrospective review of all acute calf muscle injuries on a single NFL team from 2003 to 2015 was performed. Player demographics and return-to-play data were obtained from the medical records. All available magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were reviewed by a musculoskeletal radiologist for specific imaging findings that correlated with return to play.

Results:

A total of 27 calf injuries in 24 NFL players were reviewed, yielding an incidence of 2.3 acute calf injuries per year on a single NFL team. Of these 27 injuries, 20 (74%) were isolated injuries to the gastrocnemius muscle, 4 (15%) were isolated injuries to the soleus muscle, and the remaining 3 injuries (11%) involved both. Defensive players were more likely to sustain injuries ( P = .043). The mean time to return to play for all 27 players was 17.4 ± 14.6 days (range, 3-62 days). MRIs were available in 14 of the 27 injuries. The average size of the fascial defect ( P = .032) and the presence of a fluid collection ( P = .031) both correlated with return to play of longer than 2 weeks.

Conclusion:

Although less common than hamstring or quadriceps muscle injuries, calf muscle injuries occur with relative frequency in the NFL, and more so in defensive players. The majority of these injuries occur in the gastrocnemius and result in significant disability, with at least 2 weeks of missed playing time on average. MRI may have an important role in the evaluation of calf injuries in NFL players, as certain injury imaging characteristics, including the anteroposterior size of any fascial tear and the presence of a fluid collection, are associated with longer return-to-play times after injury.