bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transplanted Bone Marrow–Derived Circulating PDGFRα+ Cells Restore Type VII Collagen in Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Mouse Skin Graft
Authors: Iinuma Shin , Aikawa Eriko , Tamai Katsuto , Fujita Ryo , Kikuchi Yasushi , Chino Takenao , Kikuta Junichi , McGrath John A. , Uitto Jouni , Ishii Masaru , Iizuka Hajime , Kaneda Yasufumi
Published: January 2015

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is an intractable genetic blistering skin disease in which the epithelial structure easily separates from the underlying dermis because of genetic loss of functional type VII collagen (Col7) in the cutaneous basement membrane zone. Recent studies have demonstrated that allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) ameliorates the skin blistering phenotype of RDEB patients by restoring Col7. However, the exact therapeutic mechanism of BMT in RDEB remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of transplanted bone marrow–derived circulating mesenchymal cells in RDEB (Col7-null) mice. In wild-type mice with prior GFP-BMT after lethal irradiation, lineage-negative/GFP-positive (Lin−/GFP+) cells, including platelet-derived growth factor receptor α-positive (PDGFRα+) mesenchymal cells, specifically migrated to skin grafts from RDEB mice and expressed Col7. Vascular endothelial cells and follicular keratinocytes in the deep dermis of the skin grafts expressed SDF-1α, and the bone marrow–derived PDGFRα+ cells expressed CXCR4 on their surface. Systemic administration of the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 markedly decreased the migration of bone marrow–derived PDGFRα+ cells into the skin graft, resulting in persistent epidermal detachment with massive necrosis and inflammation in the skin graft of RDEB mice; without AMD3100 administration, Col7 was significantly supplemented to ameliorate the pathogenic blistering phenotype. Collectively, these data suggest that the SDF1α/CXCR4 signaling axis induces transplanted bone marrow–derived circulating PDGFRα+ mesenchymal cells to migrate and supply functional Col7 to regenerate RDEB skin.
PTEN Is a Negative Regulator of NK Cell Cytolytic Function
Authors: Briercheck Edward L. , Trotta Rossana , Chen Li , Hartlage Alex S. , Cole Jordan P. , Cole Tyler D. , Mao Charlene , Banerjee Pinaki P. , Hsu Hsiang-Ting , Mace Emily M. , Ciarlariello David , Mundy-Bosse Bethany L. , Garcia-Cao Isabel , Scoville Steven D. , Yu Lianbo , Pilarski Robert , Carson William E. , Leone Gustavo , Pandolfi Pier Paolo , Yu Jianhua , Orange Jordan S. , Caligiuri Michael A.
Published: January 2015

Human NK cells are characterized by their ability to initiate an immediate and direct cytolytic response to virally infected or malignantly transformed cells. Within human peripheral blood, the more mature CD56dim NK cell efficiently kills malignant targets at rest, whereas the less mature CD56bright NK cells cannot. In this study, we show that resting CD56bright NK cells express significantly more phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) protein when compared with CD56dim NK cells. Consistent with this, forced overexpression of PTEN in NK cells resulted in decreased cytolytic activity, and loss of PTEN in CD56bright NK cells resulted in elevated cytolytic activity. Comparable studies in mice showed PTEN overexpression did not alter NK cell development or NK cell–activating and inhibitory receptor expression yet, as in humans, did decrease expression of downstream NK activation targets MAPK and AKT during early cytolysis of tumor target cells. Confocal microscopy revealed that PTEN overexpression disrupts the NK cell’s ability to organize immunological synapse components including decreases in actin accumulation, polarization of the microtubule organizing center, and the convergence of cytolytic granules. In summary, our data suggest that PTEN normally works to limit the NK cell’s PI3K/AKT and MAPK pathway activation and the consequent mobilization of cytolytic mediators toward the target cell and suggest that PTEN is among the active regulatory components prior to human NK cells transitioning from the noncytolytic CD56bright NK cell to the cytolytic CD56dim NK cells.
Loss of Mouse P2Y4 Nucleotide Receptor Protects against Myocardial Infarction through Endothelin-1 Downregulation
Authors: Horckmans Michael , Esfahani Hrag , Beauloye Christophe , Clouet Sophie , di Pietrantonio Larissa , Robaye Bernard , Balligand Jean-Luc , Boeynaems Jean-Marie , Dessy Chantal , Communi Didier
Published: January 2015

Nucleotides are released in the heart under pathological conditions, but little is known about their contribution to cardiac inflammation. The present study defines the P2Y4 nucleotide receptor, expressed on cardiac microvascular endothelial cells and involved in postnatal heart development, as an important regulator of the inflammatory response to cardiac ischemia. P2Y4-null mice displayed smaller infarcts in the left descending artery ligation model, as well as reduced neutrophil infiltration and fibrosis. Gene profiling identified inter alia endothelin-1 (ET-1) as one of the target genes of P2Y4 in ischemic heart. The reduced level of ET-1 was correlated with reduction of microvascular hyperpermeability, neutrophil infiltration, and endothelial adhesion molecule expression, and it could be explained by the decreased number of endothelial cells in P2Y4-null mice. Expression analysis of metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in ischemic heart revealed reduced expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, reported to be potentially regulated by ET-1, and MMP-8, considered as neutrophil collagenase, as well as reduction of tissue inhibitor of MMP-1 and tissue inhibitor of MMP-4 in P2Y4-null mice. Reduction of cardiac permeability and neutrophil infiltration was also observed in P2Y4-null mice in LPS-induced inflammation model. Protection against infarction resulting from loss of P2Y4 brings new therapeutic perspectives for cardiac ischemia and remodeling.
Natural IgM Prevents Autoimmunity by Enforcing B Cell Central Tolerance Induction
Authors: Nguyen Trang T. T. , Elsner Rebecca A. , Baumgarth Nicole
Published: January 2015

It is unclear why selective deficiency in secreted (s)IgM causes Ab-mediated autoimmunity. We demonstrate that sIgM is required for normal B cell development and selection. The CD5+ B cells that were previously shown to accumulate in body cavities of sIgM−/− mice are not B-1a cells, but CD19int, CD43−, short-lived, BCR signaling–unresponsive anergic B-2 cells. Body cavity B-1 cells were >10-fold reduced, including VH11+ and phosphotidylcholine-specific B-1a cells, whereas splenic B-1 cells were unaffected and marginal zone B cells increased. Follicular B cells had higher turnover rates, survived poorly after adoptive transfer, and were unresponsiveness to BCR stimulation in vitro. sIgM bound to B cell precursors and provided a positive signal to overcome a block at the pro/pre–B stage and during IgVH repertoire selection. Polyclonal IgM rescued B cell development and returned autoantibody levels to near normal. Thus, natural IgM deficiency causes primary autoimmune disease by altering B cell development, selection, and central tolerance induction.
Cutting Edge: Identification of Neutrophil PGLYRP1 as a Ligand for TREM-1
Authors: Read Christine B. , Kuijper Joseph L. , Hjorth Siv A. , Heipel Mark D. , Tang Xiaoting , Fleetwood Andrew J. , Dantzler Jeffrey L. , Grell Susanne N. , Kastrup Jesper , Wang Camilla , Brandt Cameron S. , Hansen Anker J. , Wagtmann Nicolai R. , Xu Wenfeng , Stennicke Vibeke W.
Published: January 2015

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 is an orphan receptor implicated in innate immune activation. Inhibition of TREM-1 reduces sepsis in mouse models, suggesting a role for it in immune responses triggered by bacteria. However, the absence of an identified ligand has hampered a full understanding of TREM-1 function. We identified complexes between peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) and bacterially derived peptidoglycan that constitute a potent ligand capable of binding TREM-1 and inducing known TREM-1 functions. Interestingly, multimerization of PGLYRP1 bypassed the need for peptidoglycan in TREM-1 activation, demonstrating that the PGLYRP1/TREM-1 axis can be activated in the absence of bacterial products. The role for PGLYRP1 as a TREM-1 activator provides a new mechanism by which bacteria can trigger myeloid cells, linking two known, but previously unrelated, pathways in innate immunity.
Evasion of Innate Cytosolic DNA Sensing by a Gammaherpesvirus Facilitates Establishment of Latent Infection
Authors: Sun Chenglong , Schattgen Stefan A. , Pisitkun Prapaporn , Jorgensen Joan P. , Hilterbrand Adam T. , Wang Lucas J. , West John A. , Hansen Kathrine , Horan Kristy A. , Jakobsen Martin R. , O’Hare Peter , Adler Heiko , Sun Ren , Ploegh Hidde L. , Damania Blossom , Upton Jason W. , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Paludan Søren R.
Published: January 2015

Herpesviruses are DNA viruses harboring the capacity to establish lifelong latent-recurrent infections. There is limited knowledge about viruses targeting the innate DNA-sensing pathway, as well as how the innate system impacts on the latent reservoir of herpesvirus infections. In this article, we report that murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68), in contrast to α- and β-herpesviruses, induces very limited innate immune responses through DNA-stimulated pathways, which correspondingly played only a minor role in the control of MHV68 infections in vivo. Similarly, Kaposi’s sarcoma–associated herpesvirus also did not stimulate immune signaling through the DNA-sensing pathways. Interestingly, an MHV68 mutant lacking deubiquitinase (DUB) activity, embedded within the large tegument protein open reading frame (ORF)64, gained the capacity to stimulate the DNA-activated stimulator of IFN genes (STING) pathway. We found that ORF64 targeted a step in the DNA-activated pathways upstream of the bifurcation into the STING and absent in melanoma 2 pathways, and lack of the ORF64 DUB was associated with impaired delivery of viral DNA to the nucleus, which, instead, localized to the cytoplasm. Correspondingly, the ORF64 DUB active site mutant virus exhibited impaired ability to establish latent infection in wild-type, but not STING-deficient, mice. Thus, gammaherpesviruses evade immune activation by the cytosolic DNA-sensing pathway, which, in the MHV68 model, facilitates establishment of infections.
Cutting Edge: The BTLA–HVEM Regulatory Pathway Interferes with Protective Immunity to Intestinal Helminth Infection
Authors: Breloer Minka , Hartmann Wiebke , Blankenhaus Birte , Eschbach Marie-Luise , Pfeffer Klaus , Jacobs Thomas
Published: January 2015

Helminths exploit intrinsic regulatory pathways of the mammalian immune system to dampen the immune response directed against them. In this article, we show that infection with the parasitic nematode Strongyloides ratti induced upregulation of the coinhibitory receptor B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) predominantly on CD4+ T cells but also on a small fraction of innate leukocytes. Deficiency of either BTLA or its ligand herpes virus entry mediator (HVEM) resulted in reduced numbers of parasitic adults in the small intestine and reduced larval output throughout infection. Reduced parasite burden in BTLA- and HVEM-deficient mice was accompanied by accelerated degranulation of mucosal mast cells and increased Ag-specific production of the mast cell–activating cytokine IL-9. Our combined results support a model whereby BTLA on CD4+ T cells and additional innate leukocytes is triggered by HVEM and delivers negative signals into BTLA+ cells, thereby interfering with the protective immune response to this intestinal parasite.
Cutting Edge: DNase II Deficiency Prevents Activation of Autoreactive B Cells by Double-Stranded DNA Endogenous Ligands
Authors: Pawaria Sudesh , Moody Krishna , Busto Patricia , Nündel Kerstin , Choi Chee-Ho , Ghayur Tariq , Marshak-Rothstein Ann
Published: January 2015

In mice that fail to express the phagolysosomal endonuclease DNase II and the type I IFN receptor, excessive accrual of undegraded DNA results in a STING-dependent, TLR-independent inflammatory arthritis. These double-knockout (DKO) mice develop additional indications of systemic autoimmunity, including anti-nuclear autoantibodies and splenomegaly, that are not found in Unc93b13d/3d DKO mice and, therefore, are TLR dependent. The DKO autoantibodies predominantly detect RNA-associated autoantigens, which are commonly targeted in TLR7-dominated systemic erythematosus lupus–prone mice. To determine whether an inability of TLR9 to detect endogenous DNA could explain the absence of dsDNA-reactive autoantibodies in DKO mice, we used a novel class of bifunctional autoantibodies, IgM/DNA dual variable domain Ig molecules, to activate B cells through a BCR/TLR9-dependent mechanism. DKO B cells could not respond to the IgM/DNA dual variable domain Ig molecule, despite a normal response to both anti-IgM and CpG ODN 1826. Thus, DKO B cells only respond to RNA-associated ligands because DNase II–mediated degradation of self-DNA is required for TLR9 activation.
Cardiovascular risk factors among Bangladeshi ready-made garment workers
Authors: Fatema Kaniz , Natasha Khurshid , Ali Liaquat
Published: January 2015

To estimate the prevalence and identify correlates of anthropometry and clinical risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among ready-made garment (RMG) of workers, majority are females, come from low-socioeconomics conditions. Population-based cross-sectional study with 614 individuals aged ≥18 years were recruited from six different RMG factories. In total, of 313 male (46%) and 301 of female (56%) workers had body mass index (BMI) in the overweight and obese range as per Asian cut off values with corresponding reflection in waist hip ratio (WHR). High proportion of male 84% (95% confidence interval 81-87) had smoking habits. The prevalence of hypertension (HTN), dyslipidemia were 24% vs 15%; 56% vs 43% among males and females respectively. Prevalence of diabetes was 7.3% (5.3-9.4) and pre-diabetes was 10.6% (8.2-13) and it showed female preponderance (4.5% male vs 10.3% female). In multivariable logistic regression HTN showed significant association with age, gender, BMI; glycemic status with age, genderand WHR; dyslipidemia with BMI and WHR. A substantial proportion of RMG workers are at an increased risk of CVDs which need focused attention to reduce smoking (among males) and body-weight and central obesity, particularly in females.
Clinical and radiological findings of a bilateral coronoid hyperplasia case
Authors: Torenek Kubra , Duman Suayip Burak , Bayrakdar Ibrahim Sevki , Miloglu Ozkan
Published: January 2015

Coronoid hyperplasia (CH) is an infrequent condition that can be defined as an abnormal bony elongation of histologically normal bone. Progressive and painless difficulty in opening the mouth is the main clinical finding of CH. In this case report, the clinical and radiological findings for a 23-year-old male patient with bilateral CH are presented. When plain radiographies are not sufficient for diagnosis and evaluation of the CH, cone-beam computed tomography can be used.
The Influence of Ca2+ in Deicing Salt on the Chemistry of Corrosion Products Formed on AM50 Magnesium Alloy—Calcareous Deposition
Authors: Grabowski Michael , Bluecher Daniel , Korte Michael , Virtanen Sannakaisa
Published: January 2015

The corrosion inhibiting effect of Ca2+—which was presented in a previous publication of the authors under immersion conditions in the first 4.5 h—cannot be attributed to the incorporation of Ca2+ into the surface layer as demonstrated by energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer (EDX) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. XPS depth profiling indicates that an increase of the corrosion product layer thickness and a higher amount of more protective magnesium carbonate in the outmost surface layer seem to be responsible for the inhibiting effect in presence of Ca2+. Furthermore, the corrosion products formed in presence of Ca2+ exhibit less incorporation of water and hydroxyl species under short-time immersion conditions, as shown by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. After several days of immersion in the presence of Ca2+ in the solution, a white, open-porous deposition covers the sample surface and the element Ca could be detected on the surface by EDX analysis. X-ray diffraction and FTIR measurements proved the presence of calcite, with layer thicknesses of up to 155 μm, shown by scanning electron microscope investigations. The alkalization of the electrolyte during magnesium alloy corrosion and the presence of Mg2+ trigger the deposition of an intermediate deposition product, CaMg(CO3)2, which transforms to CaCO3 under conditions of low CO2 and partial pressure.
Corrosion Behavior of Alloy AM50 in Semisolid Cast and High-Pressure Die Cast States in Cyclic Conditions
Authors: Esmaily M. , Ström M. , Svensson J.E. , Halvarsson M. , Johansson L.G.
Published: January 2015

The atmospheric corrosion behavior of the Mg-Al alloy AM50 produced by high-pressure die casting (HPDC) and a semisolid metal (SSM) technique was studied under alternating wet-dry conditions for up to 672 hours. Alloy AM50 in the SSM state was fabricated using rheocasting (RC) technique in which the slurry was prepared by the newly developed RheoMetal process. To simulate the real-world atmospheric environment, the exposure program included a 6 hour wet phase (including rain with 0.5% NaCl), a 2.5 hour transition phase, followed by a 15.5 hour dry phase at 50°C and 70% relative humidity. The results showed that the RC alloy was substantially less prone to corrosion than the HPDC material in the cyclic wet-dry atmosphere. Based on the gravimetric results and microstructural characterization studies, this was attributed to a lower fraction of porosity and to the barrier role of β phase particles in the RC.
Les deux éditions du Rituel du diocèse de Québec de Mgr de Saint-Vallier, datées de 1703 : de l’édition janséniste à l’édition revue et corrigée par la Compagnie de Jésus
Authors: La Charité Claude
Published: January 2015

Mgr de Saint-Vallier, deuxième évêque de Québec, publia, à l’usage des prêtres, des curés et des missionnaires de son diocèse, un Rituel qui connut deux éditions successives à quelques années d’intervalle, bien qu’elles soient toutes deux datées de 1703. Ce Rituel bilingue donne d’une part des instructions en français à l’usage des ecclésiastiques sur la manière d’administrer les sacrements et de célébrer la messe, tout en précisant d’autre part les formules, les prières et les bénédictions que les prêtres devaient prononcer en latin. Les deux éditions imprimées à Paris par Simon Langlois présentent des variantes substantielles. Alors qu’elles sont de format identique (in-8o), elles comptent respectivement 604 et 671 pages. La première édition fut vraisemblablement détruite à la demande de l’évêque de Québec, parce qu’elle témoignait trop clairement de l’influence marquée, non pas simplement du rigorisme, mais bien du jansénisme sur Mgr de Saint-Vallier, comme en témoigne la reprise du rituel d’Alet condamné par le pape Clément IX. La seconde édition, publiée sans doute vers 1713, bien qu’elle soit datée de 1703, était destinée à remplacer la première comme si celle-ci n’avait jamais existé, au moment où le pouvoir pontifical condamna le jansénisme.
Utility of dermatoglyphics as a non-invasive diagnostic tool in recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Dangore-Khasbage Suwarna , Degwekar Shirish S. , Bhowate Rahul R. , Lohe Vidya K. , Tamgire Dharmaraj
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Dermatoglyphics is an advancing branch of medical science in which the dermal ridge patterns are studied and used in prediction of genetic disorders. Objective: To assess the usefulness of dermatoglyphics, as a non-invasive early predicator in RAS, since genetics plays a role in both. Materials and methods: This case control study comprised of 40 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis compared to 30 control subjects of similar age and sex. All subjects were investigated for their dermatoglyphic patterns of both hands, which were obtained by smearing the ink uniformly over the palm and fingers and pressing the hands firmly against the good quality paper. Qualitative analysis of prints was done for arches, loops and whorls and quantitative analysis included Total Finger Ridge Count (TFRC) and atd angle. Fisher’s Exact Tests were used to evaluate the significance between recurrent aphthous stomatitis and the dermatoglyphic features. Results: Among various dermatoglyphic parameters analyzed, recurrent aphthous stomatitis patients showed 9% arches, 62% loops and 29% whorls as the finger ridge configuration. In comparing the results between the two groups, the frequency of arches was observed more in study group while composite whorl and the nar pattern were more frequent in control group, the results were statistically significant (p < 0.05). In addition to this, study group patients demonstrated higher frequency of total finger ridge count, and control group showed higher frequency for atd angle on both hands, statistically significant difference is observed (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study found significant correlation between palmar dermatoglyphics and recurrent aphthous stomatitis, suggesting that genetics is one of the host risk factor associated with the latter, and could aid in early detection of the disease.
Dentigerous cyst associated with dilacerated and inverted maxillary central incisor: an unusual case report
Authors: N. Sulabha A. , C. Sameer , G. Suchitra
Published: January 2015

Objective: One of the most common types of developmental odontogenic cyst is the dentigerous cyst. It encloses the crown of the tooth and is attached at the cementoenamel junction. Although its association with mandibular molars is common, it is rarely associated with the maxillary central incisors. Discussion: The present case report describes an unusual occurrence of dentigerous cyst associated with the impacted permanent maxillary central incisor in an inverted position and showing dilaceration of the root. The cyst was enucleated along with the extraction of the impacted tooth. We have discussed clinical presentation, radiographic features and treatment modalities of this uncommon and rare presentation of this lesion. Conclusion: Trauma to the deciduous teeth should not be overlooked, since it can result in the development of a pathology which could indirectly affect the permanent successors.
Cytological analysis of epithelial cells in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bittencourt Mônica Sommer , Busato Ivana Maria Saes , Albini Milena Binhame , Azevedo-Alanis Luciana Reis , Grégio Ana Maria Trindade , Lima Antonio Adilson Soares de , Machado Maria Ângela Naval
Published: January 2015

Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder condition, which may causes oral mucosa changes in adolescents. The effect of glycemic control on the oral tissues has been scarcely reported as well as the low number of oral mucosal lesions found in this population. The goal of this study is to evaluate cytopathological changes in oral epithelial cells of adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) and assess the glycemic control. Materials and methods: Oral smears were collected from normal mucosa by exfoliative cytology in 40 healthy adolescents and 40 with DM1. Cell morphology and cellularity were analyzed. Nuclear area (NA) and cytoplasmic area (CA) were measured; nuclear/cytoplasmic area ratio (NA/CA) was calculated. Time elapsed from the diagnosis of diabetes and glycated hemoglobin levels (HbA1c) were recorded. Results: There was no significant difference to NA, CA, NA/CA for both groups and also in relation to HbA1c (P > 0.05). No morphological differences were found among the groups (P > 0.05). There was a predominance of nucleated cells of the superficial layer in smears of both groups. Class I and Class II smears were predominant in both groups. Conclusion: This study revealed that type 1 diabetes mellitus and the glycemic control were unable to induce significant changes on oral epithelial cells in adolescents.
Formação continuada de professores: da parceria entre universidade e escola ao protagonismo e reconhecimento do trabalho docente
Authors: Dos Santos Forster Mari Margarete , Costa Leite Tatiane
Published: January 2015

A Universidade e a Escola têm ensaiado algumas experiências em parceria, na direção de uma formação docente mais qualificada. O grupo de pesquisa “Formação de professores e práticas pedagógicas” vem experimentando isso desde 2001, por meio de vários projetos investigativos. O objeto de estudo é a formação inicial e continuada de professores, refletindo sobre os saberes produzidos na prática do ofício desses profissionais. As investigações têm cunho etnográfico, são qualitativas, com destaque à pesquisa-ação crítico-colaborativa; utilizam-se de grupos de discussão, registros de experiências, análises documentais, observações e entrevistas. Achados da pesquisa: a universidade e a escola são espaços ricos de contradições; os sujeitos que nelas habitam têm o que dizer, produzem saberes que precisam ser registrados, valorizados, publicizados; a forma como as instituições funcionam podem ser facilitadoras ou dificultadoras de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento profissional; os profissionais se formam em seu espaço de trabalho e o modificam; o diálogo e a reflexão apresentam-se como primordiais na conquista de espaçosde aprendizagem; espaços de reflexão e problematização compartilhados facilitam o processo de desenvolvimento profissional, são formativos e podem resultar em aprendizagem para a profissão; o trabalho pedagógico continuado e a identificação dos benefícios desse para as aulas e os alunos favorecem a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento profissional; a acolhida positiva e propositiva da equipe diretiva ao trabalho do professor, ouvindo-o e valorizando-o, favorece o desenvolvimento de aprendizagens profissionais; as mudanças de representações e de discursos dos professores podem ser acompanhados por mudanças nas práticas docentes, e a parceria Universidade/Escola/Universidade pode ser potencializadora de ações docentes mais qualificadas.
Consolidação do Comitê de Ética para Uso de Animais da Unopar
Authors: Tanaka Neide Mariko , Trapp Silvia Manduca , Silva Luiz Cesar da , Grecco Fabíola Cristine de Almeida Rêgo , Barca Júnior Flávio Antônio , Carvalho Pedro Henrique de , Borges Rosangela Mara Sartori , Costa Carlos Lopes , Trevisan Alessandra Fabiana de Lima , Basana Isabel Cristina , Franzoni Júnior Osmar
Published: January 2015

O uso de animais em experimentação, no âmbito das atividades de ensino ou de pesquisa científica no Brasil, encontra-se respaldado pela Lei n. 11.794, de 2008, pelo Decreto n. 6.899, de 2009, e pelas resoluções normativas do Conselho Nacional de Controle de experimentação Animal. A Universidade Norte do Paraná (Unopar) criou o Comitê de Ética para Uso de Animais (CEA) no ano de 2007, com regulamento em consonância com as diretrizes e legislações vigentes. Está constituído para analisar, deliberar e acompanhar as atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão que envolvam o uso de animais. Em 2011, o CEA- Unopar foi cadastrado no sistema CIUCA (Cadastro de Instituições de Uso de Animais) do Conselho Nacional de Controle e Experimentação Animal (CONCEA) do Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia. O CEA-Unopar mantém atualizadas todas as informações e relatórios solicitados pelo CIUCA. Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir na promoção de informações do cumprimento das normas relativas à utilização humanitária de animais com finalidade de ensino e pesquisa científica para consolidação do CEA- Unopar.
Estudo comparativo entre as diferentes versões da Declaração de Helsinque
Authors: Germano Ivone Maria , França Beatriz Helena Sottile
Published: January 2015

A Declaração de Helsinque é uma das mais conhecidas políticas da Associação Médica Mundial (AMM ou WMA), e foi elaborada com o intuito de ser um documento voltado para os aspectos éticos das pesquisas clínicas que envolvem seres humanos. Adotada em todo o mundo desde sua primeira versão, em 1964, passou por seis revisões, a mais recente em 2008 (com duas notas de esclarecimentos, uma em 2002, em Washington, e outra em Helsinque, em 2004). O objetivo deste trabalho foi fazer uma comparação entre as diferentes versões, visto que uma nova revisão está prevista. Na primeira versão, o objetivo foi fornecer orientações aos médicos envolvidos em pesquisa clínica, com foco na proteção dos participantes voluntários, o que se manteve até a última revisão, porém, sob outros aspectos, observou-se que houve uma diminuição das exigências previstas na primeira Declaração.
Michel Foucault: Uma Análise do Poder
Authors: Brígido Edimar Inocêncio
Published: January 2015

O artigo concentra-se em torno da análise reflexiva que o filósofo Michel Foucault faz a respeito da temática do poder. Foucault rompe com as concepções clássicas deste termo e define o poder como uma rede de relações onde todos os indivíduos estão envolvidos, como geradores ou receptores, dando vida e movimento a essas relações. Para ele, o poder não pode ser localizado e observado numa instituição determinada ou no Estado. O poder não é considerado como algo que o indivíduo cede a um governante, como vemos na compreensão política. Para Michel Foucault, o poder acontece como uma relação de forças. Sendo assim, o pensador francês apresenta dois dispositivos utilizados pela sociedade para a justificação do poder e para a domesticação dos corpos que compõem o espaço social, são eles: vigilância e punição. Esses dois dispositivos são inseridos na sociedade de forma discreta, chegando a um ponto na construção da sociedade que a existência desses dispositivos é vista como necessária, indispensável e legítima pelos próprios cidadãos. Na obra Vigiar e Punir, Foucault faz um estudo científico sobre a evolução histórica da legislação penal e os métodos coercitivos e punitivos, adotados pelo poder público nas formas de repressão. Métodos que vão desde a violência física até instituições correcionais.
A área dos estudos estratégicos
Authors: Graça Pedro Borges
Published: January 2015

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Bioética y derechos humanos
Authors: Díaz Javier De la Torre , García Maria Del Carmen Massé
Published: January 2015

El progreso biotecnológico de los últimos decenios ha tocado las profundidades de la naturaleza humana, sus derechos, sus confines, su dignidad. La necesidad de poner límites a dicha actividad humana ha llevado a que el Convenio de Oviedo, de 1997 y la Declaración Universal de Bioética y Derechos Humanos, hayan marcado las principales áreas que deben ser reguladas así como los principios por los que deben regirselos avances científico-técnicos en el ámbito de la vida humana. Sin embargo, la complejidad de este fenómeno obliga reformular nuevas cuestiones más allá del principio de autonomía y más en consonancia con el principio de justicia: el alcance universal del derecho al desarrollo ha llevado, por ejemplo, a que el derecho a la salud de millones de personas sea una prioridad frente al derecho a la propiedad, así como al establecimiento de fronteras claras y nítidas para el sujeto del derecho a la vida, en su comienzo o en su final, por su profunda vulnerabilidad social. Son los nuevos retos para unos Derechos Humanos nacidos para defender a los seres humanos, a todos los seres humanos.
O múnus e a imunização biopolítica: uma leitura dos direitos humanos a partir de Roberto Esposito
Authors: Ruiz Castor Mari Martín Bartolomé
Published: January 2015

Os direitos humanos são uma prática discursiva atravessada pela hegemonia biopolítica das técnicas de governo modernas. Nessa condição, é compreensível a tensão paradoxal a que se encontra submetido o discurso dos direitos humanos e suas verdades. A obra de Roberto Esposito permite fazer uma releitura da lógica imunitária da biopolítica moderna e de como ela afeta ao discurso dos direitos humanos. Neste ensaio, apresentamos as implicações que os processos de imunização do outro, implementados pelas sociedades modernas, têm provocado na dimensão comunitária das relações humanas. Ao substituir a dimensão do múnus da communitas pela busca do interesse próprio — o direito ao bônus —, as relações sociais se tornaram cada vez mais imunitárias e cada vez menos comunitárias. Essa tensão imunitária conduz a uma inexorável destruição dos vínculos humanos e, como consequência, à desintegração da própria sociedade. Na modernidade, o vazio comunitário do social é suprido pela exigência de direito. A lei e a norma regram prescritivamente relações que não mais se reconhecem como comunitárias, oriundas de um dever para com o outro (múnus), senão que se pensam imunitárias: defendem-se do outro, ou o instrumentalizam, procurando o interesse próprio sempre que possível.
Acacia yalwalensis (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae sect. Botrycephalae), a new species from the South Coast of New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Kodela Phillip
Published: January 2015

Acacia yalwalensis Kodela (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae sect. Botrycephalae) is here described from the South Coast region of New South Wales, Australia. It was previously confounded with Acacia oshanesii F.Muell. which occurs in the North Coast region of New South Wales and southeast Queensland.
Dilatant hardening of fluid‐saturated sandstone
Authors: Makhnenko Roman Y. , Labuz Joseph F.
Published: January 2015

The presence of pore fluid in rock affects both the elastic and inelastic deformation processes, yet laboratory testing is typically performed on dry material even though in situ the rock is often saturated. Techniques were developed for testing fluid‐saturated porous rock under the limiting conditions of drained, undrained, and unjacketed response. Confined compression experiments, both conventional triaxial and plane strain, were performed on water‐saturated Berea sandstone to investigate poroelastic and inelastic behavior. Measured drained response was used to calibrate an elasto‐plastic constitutive model that predicts undrained inelastic deformation. The experimental data show good agreement with the model: dilatant hardening in undrained triaxial and plane strain compression tests under constant mean stress was predicted and observed.
The spatial‐temporal variability of air‐sea momentum fluxes observed at a tidal inlet
Authors: Ortiz‐Suslow D. G. , Haus B. K. , Williams N. J. , Laxague N. J. M. , Reniers A. J. H. M. , Graber H. C.
Published: January 2015

Coastal waters are an aerodynamically unique environment that has been little explored from an air‐sea interaction point of view. Consequently, most studies must assume that open ocean‐derived parameterizations of the air‐sea momentum flux are representative of the nearshore wind forcing. Observations made at the New River Inlet in North Carolina, during the Riverine and Estuarine Transport experiment (RIVET), were used to evaluate the suitability of wind speed‐dependent, wind stress parameterizations in coastal waters. As part of the field campaign, a small, agile research vessel was deployed to make high‐resolution wind velocity measurements in and around the tidal inlet. The eddy covariance method was employed to recover direct estimates of the 10 m neutral atmospheric drag coefficient from the three‐dimensional winds. Observations of wind stress angle, near‐surface currents, and heat flux were used to analyze the cross‐shore variability of wind stress steering off the mean wind azimuth. In general, for onshore winds above 5 m/s, the drag coefficient was observed to be two and a half times the predicted open ocean value. Significant wind stress steering is observed within 2 km of the inlet mouth, which is observed to be correlated with the horizontal current shear. Other mechanisms such as the reduction in wave celerity or depth‐limited breaking could also play a role. It was determined that outside the influence of these typical coastal processes, the open ocean parameterizations generally represent the wind stress field. The nearshore stress variability has significant implications for observations and simulations of coastal transport, circulation, mixing, and general surf‐zone dynamics.
The parametric sensitivity of CAM5's MJO
Authors: Boyle J. S. , Klein S. A. , Lucas D. D. , Ma H.‐Y. , Tannahill J. , Xie S.
Published: January 2015

We systematically explore the ability of the Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5) to simulate the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO), through an analysis of MJO metrics calculated from a 1100‐member perturbed parameter ensemble of 5 year simulations with observed sea surface temperatures. Parameters from the deep convection scheme make the greatest contribution to the variance in MJO simulation quality with a much smaller contribution from parameters in the large‐scale cloud, shallow convection, and boundary layer turbulence schemes. Improved MJO variability results from a larger lateral entrainment rate and a reduction in the precipitation efficiency of deep convection that was achieved by a smaller autoconversion of cloud to rainwater and a larger evaporation of convective precipitation. Unfortunately, simulations with an improved MJO also have a significant negative impact on the climatological values of low‐level cloud and absorbed shortwave radiation, suggesting that structural in addition to parametric modifications to CAM5's parameterization suite are needed in order to simultaneously well simulate the MJO and mean‐state climate.
Grain‐scale thermoelastic stresses and spatiotemporal temperature gradients on airless bodies, implications for rock breakdown
Authors: Molaro Jamie L. , Byrne Shane , Langer Stephen A.
Published: January 2015

Thermomechanical processes such as fatigue and shock have been suggested to cause and contribute to rock breakdown on Earth, and on other planetary bodies, particularly airless bodies in the inner solar system. In this study, we modeled grain‐scale stresses induced by diurnal temperature variations on simple microstructures made of pyroxene and plagioclase on various solar system bodies. We found that a heterogeneous microstructure on the Moon experiences peak tensile stresses on the order of 100 MPa. The stresses induced are controlled by the coefficient of thermal expansion and Young's modulus of the mineral constituents, and the average stress within the microstructure is determined by relative volume of each mineral. Amplification of stresses occurs at surface‐parallel boundaries between adjacent mineral grains and at the tips of pore spaces. We also found that microscopic spatial and temporal surface temperature gradients do not correlate with high stresses, making them inappropriate proxies for investigating microcrack propagation. Although these results provide very strong evidence for the significance of thermomechanical processes on airless bodies, more work is needed to quantify crack propagation and rock breakdown rates.
Radiostratigraphy and age structure of the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: MacGregor Joseph A. , Fahnestock Mark A. , Catania Ginny A. , Paden John D. , Prasad Gogineni S. , Young S. Keith , Rybarski Susan C. , Mabrey Alexandria N. , Wagman Benjamin M. , Morlighem Mathieu
Published: January 2015

Several decades of ice‐penetrating radar surveys of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets have observed numerous widespread internal reflections. Analysis of this radiostratigraphy has produced valuable insights into ice sheet dynamics and motivates additional mapping of these reflections. Here we present a comprehensive deep radiostratigraphy of the Greenland Ice Sheet from airborne deep ice‐penetrating radar data collected over Greenland by The University of Kansas between 1993 and 2013. To map this radiostratigraphy efficiently, we developed new techniques for predicting reflection slope from the phase recorded by coherent radars. When integrated along track, these slope fields predict the radiostratigraphy and simplify semiautomatic reflection tracing. Core‐intersecting reflections were dated using synchronized depth‐age relationships for six deep ice cores. Additional reflections were dated by matching reflections between transects and by extending reflection‐inferred depth‐age relationships using the local effective vertical strain rate. The oldest reflections, dating to the Eemian period, are found mostly in the northern part of the ice sheet. Within the onset regions of several fast‐flowing outlet glaciers and ice streams, reflections typically do not conform to the bed topography. Disrupted radiostratigraphy is also observed in a region north of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream that is not presently flowing rapidly. Dated reflections are used to generate a gridded age volume for most of the ice sheet and also to determine the depths of key climate transitions that were not observed directly. This radiostratigraphy provides a new constraint on the dynamics and history of the Greenland Ice Sheet.
When do plants modify fluvial processes? Plant‐hydraulic interactions under variable flow and sediment supply rates
Authors: Manners Rebecca B. , Wilcox Andrew C. , Kui Li , Lightbody Anne F. , Stella John C. , Sklar Leonard S.
Published: January 2015

Flow and sediment regimes shape alluvial river channels; yet the influence of these abiotic drivers can be strongly mediated by biotic factors such as the size and density of riparian vegetation. We present results from an experiment designed to identify when plants control fluvial processes and to investigate the sensitivity of fluvial processes to changes in plant characteristics versus changes in flow rate or sediment supply. Live seedlings of two species with distinct morphologies, tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) and cottonwood (Populus fremontii), were placed in different configurations in a mobile sand‐bed flume. We measured the hydraulic and sediment flux responses of the channel at different flow rates and sediment supply conditions representing equilibrium (sediment supply = transport rate) and deficit (sediment supply < transport rate). We found that the hydraulic and sediment flux responses during sediment equilibrium represented a balance between abiotic and biotic factors and was sensitive to increasing flow rates and plant species and configuration. Species‐specific traits controlled the hydraulic response: compared to cottonwood, which has a more tree‐like morphology, the shrubby morphology of tamarisk resulted in less pronation and greater reductions in near‐bed velocities, Reynolds stress, and sediment flux rates. Under sediment‐deficit conditions, on the other hand, abiotic factors dampened the effect of variations in plant characteristics on the hydraulic response. We identified scenarios for which the highest stem‐density patch, independent of abiotic factors, dominated the fluvial response. These results provide insight into how and when plants influence fluvial processes in natural systems.
Decadal simulation and comprehensive evaluation of CESM/CAM5.1 with advanced chemistry, aerosol microphysics, and aerosol‐cloud interactions
Authors: He Jian , Zhang Yang , Glotfelty Tim , He Ruoying , Bennartz Ralf , Rausch John , Sartelet Karine
Published: January 2015

Earth system models have been used for climate predictions in recent years due to their capabilities to include biogeochemical cycles, human impacts, as well as coupled and interactive representations of Earth system components (e.g., atmosphere, ocean, land, and sea ice). In this work, the Community Earth System Model (CESM) with advanced chemistry and aerosol treatments, referred to as CESM‐NCSU, is applied for decadal (2001–2010) global climate predictions. A comprehensive evaluation is performed focusing on the atmospheric component—the Community Atmosphere Model version 5.1 (CAM5.1) by comparing simulation results with observations/reanalysis data and CESM ensemble simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). The improved model can predict most meteorological and radiative variables relatively well with normalized mean biases (NMBs) of −14.1 to −9.7% and 0.7–10.8%, respectively, although temperature at 2 m (T2) is slightly underpredicted. Cloud variables such as cloud fraction (CF) and precipitating water vapor (PWV) are well predicted, with NMBs of −10.5 to 0.4%, whereas cloud condensation nuclei (CCN), cloud liquid water path (LWP), and cloud optical thickness (COT) are moderately‐to‐largely underpredicted, with NMBs of −82.2 to −31.2%, and cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC) is overpredictd by 26.7%. These biases indicate the limitations and uncertainties associated with cloud microphysics (e.g., resolved clouds and subgrid‐scale cumulus clouds). Chemical concentrations over the continental U.S. (CONUS) (e.g.,
, Cl−, OC, and PM2.5) are reasonably well predicted with NMBs of −12.8 to −1.18%. Concentrations of SO2,
, and PM10 are also reasonably well predicted over Europe with NMBs of −20.8 to −5.2%, so are predictions of SO2 concentrations over the East Asia with an NMB of −18.2%, and the tropospheric ozone residual (TOR) over the globe with an NMB of −3.5%. Most meteorological and radiative variables predicted by CESM‐NCSU agree well overall with those predicted by CESM‐CMIP5. The performance of LWP and AOD predicted by CESM‐NCSU is better than that of CESM‐CMIP5 in terms of model bias and correlation coefficients. Large biases for some chemical predictions can be attributed to uncertainties in the emissions of precursor gases (e.g., SO2, NH3, and NOx) and primary aerosols (black carbon and primary organic matter) as well as uncertainties in formulations of some model components (e.g., online dust and sea‐salt emissions, secondary organic aerosol formation, and cloud microphysics). Comparisons of CESM simulation with baseline emissions and 20% of anthropogenic emissions from the baseline emissions indicate that anthropogenic gas and aerosol species can decrease downwelling shortwave radiation (FSDS) by 4.7 W m−2 (or by 2.9%) and increase SWCF by 3.2 W m−2 (or by 3.1%) in the global mean.
The Origin of “Space Weather”
Authors: Cade William B. , Chan‐Park Christina
Published: January 2015

Although “space weather” is a fairly recent term, there is a rich history of similar terms being used beginning in the middle to late 1800s. “Solar meteorology,” “magnetic weather,” and “cosmic meteorology” all appeared during that time frame. The actual first appearance of space weather can be attributed to the publication Science News Letter in 1957 (with the first modern usage in 1959) and was possibly coined by the editor at the time, Watson Davis.
Biotransformation of Linoleic Acid into Hydroxy Fatty Acids and Carboxylic Acids Using a Linoleate Double Bond Hydratase as Key Enzyme
Authors: Oh Hye‐Jin , Kim Sae‐Um , Song Ji‐Won , Lee Jung‐Hoo , Kang Woo‐Ri , Jo Ye‐Seul , Kim Kyoung‐Rok , Bornscheuer Uwe T. , Oh Deok‐Kun , Park Jin‐Byung
Published: January 2015

Hydroxy fatty acids are used as starting materials for the production of secondary metabolites and signalling molecules as well as in the manufacture of industrial fine chemicals. However, these compounds are usually difficult to produce from renewable biomass by chemical means. In this study, linoleate double bond hydratases of Lactobacillus acidophilus NBRC 13951 were cloned for the first time. These enzymes were highly specific for the hydration of the C‐9 or the C‐12 double bond of unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., linoleic acid). Thereby, the enzymes allowed the selective production of hydroxy fatty acids such as 13‐hydroxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenoic acid and 10‐hydroxy‐cis‐12‐octadecenoic acid from linoleic acid. In addition, the hydroxy fatty acids were further converted into industrially relevant carboxylic acids (e.g., 12‐hydroxy‐cis‐9‐dodecenoic acid, α,ω‐tridec‐9‐enedioic acid) and lactones (i.e., δ‐decalactone, γ‐dodecelactone) via whole‐cell biocatalysis using an enzyme cascade. This study thus contributes to the preparation of hydroxy fatty acids, unsaturated carboxylic acids, and lactones from renewable unsaturated fatty acids.

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