bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Norwood with Blalock-Taussig-Thomas Shunt – Worth a Second Look?
Authors: Gadiraju Manasa , Chauhan Dhaval , Schray Alexandra , O'brien James E. , Bedzra Edo
Published: September 2024

Background
Shunt repair for the Norwood procedure with either the right ventricle to pulmonary artery shunt (RVPAS) or the modified Blalock-Taussig-Thomas shunt (BTTS) varies by institution and surgeon preference. Shunt choice has been informed by landmark trials including the Single Ventricle Reconstruction trial and modern outcomes data may engender future complementary studies.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent the Norwood procedure from 2014–2022 at a single center to compare outcomes by shunt type. The primary outcome measure was freedom from death or transplant. Secondary outcome measures included hospital length of stay, complications, and unplanned interventions.
Results
93 patients underwent the Norwood procedure at a median age of 7 days (IQR 5,9) and 39 weeks gestation (IQR 38,39). 67.7% had hypoplastic left heart syndrome. 39 patients received a BTTS compared to 54 RVPAS. There was no difference in operative mortality (BTTS 12.8%, RVPAS 9.3%, p = 0.58), death or transplant at 1 year (BTTS 15.4%, RVPAS 7.4%, p = 0.31), or between 1 and 3 years (BTTS 0%, RVPAS 5.6%, p = 0.26). There was a significantly higher rate of pulmonary arterial stenting in the RVPAS group (BTTS 1.21/100 patient-years, RVPAS 15.68/100 patient-years, p = 0.01).
Conclusions
Similar short- and medium-term survival was seen in BTTS and RVPAS groups with fewer pulmonary artery interventions for BTTS, though our study is underpowered to suggest superior freedom from interventions. These results may serve as a hypothesis-generating study to revisit the SVR trial with a modern cohort in the setting of improved surgical technique and perioperative management.
Surgical Techniques and Prognostic Nomogram for Patients with Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Sun Yuekun , Lv Lizhi , Zhi Aihua , Zhang Simeng , Wang Cheng , Wang Qiang
Published: September 2024

Background
An effective prognostic nomogram to predict the prognosis of patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS) is lacking. This study sought to report the outcomes of different surgical techniques, identify the risk factors for postoperative re-operation or restenosis, and establish a prognostic nomogram.
Methods
This multi-centred retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients with SVAS who underwent surgery between 2002 and 2020. Patients underwent McGoon, Doty, and other repairs. The primary outcome was re-operation or restenosis at follow-up. The nomogram based on Cox regression and the Kaplan–Meier method was used to identify the risk factors for the primary outcome. The predictive accuracy was determined using the concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve. The results were validated using the bootstrap resampling method.
Results
Of the 291 patients with SVAS, 143 (49.1%) used McGoon repairs, 118 (40.5%) used Doty repairs, and 30 (10.3%) used other repairs. The median age at operation was 4.9 years (inter-quartile range (IQR) 2.3–9.9). After a median follow-up of 24 months (IQR 6.0–54.0), no difference in re-operation or restenosis was found between McGoon and Doty repairs. Age, gender, SVAS type, pulmonary artery stenosis, aortic valve stenosis, sinotubular junction z-score, and gradient were considered independent risk factors by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and were included in the nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.61 to 0.81). The calibration curve for the probability of re-operation or restenosis showed good agreement between prediction by nomogram and actual observation.
Conclusions
McGoon and Doty repairs showed no difference in re-operation and restenosis risk. The nomogram accurately predicted re-operation or restenosis in patients with SVAS after surgery. Trial Registration:
Influence of supporting teeth quantity of surgical guide on the accuracy of the immediate implant in the maxillary central incisor: An in vitro study
Authors: Tran Truong , Nguyen Meo , Nguyen Khanh , Nguyen Nga , Huynh Nam
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Static computer-assisted implant surgery (sCAIS) aims to enhance precision by guiding the drill during the procedure. The quantity and morphology of supporting teeth influence the accuracy of sCAIS.
Aims: To investigate how the number of supporting teeth affects the accuracy of immediate implant surgery in the maxillary central incisor.
Methods: Twenty-eight upper jaw models, simulating immediate post-extraction sockets of tooth 11, were divided into two groups based on the number of supporting teeth (four or six). Cone beam computed tomography and intraoral scans determined the implant positions, guiding the fabrication of surgical guides and evaluating discrepancies in the planned and actual implant placements, particularly in terms of three-dimensional at the implant platform and apex and angular deviations.
Results: The group with six teeth support had significant differences in angular deviation (3.59 ± 0.97 and 4.63 ± 0.71) and implant apex deviation (1.40 ± 0.27 and 2.08 ± 0.21) values compared to the group with four teeth support. Although other discrepancy variables in the six teeth-supported group exhibited lower values, they did not show statistically significant differences compared to the four teeth-supported group.
Conclusion: The number of supporting teeth may influence the accuracy of sCAIS in immediate implant surgery in the aesthetic dental region. Both groups showed acceptable clinical accuracy, but the surgical guide supported by six teeth may enhance implant accuracy compared to four.
Molecular beam epitaxial step-edge growth of integrated hetero-structures: Bi2Te3/multi-stepped Sb2Te3 nanoplate
Authors: Yi Gyu-Chul , Kim Yoonkang , Lee Sangmin , Lee Eunsu , Kim Seongbeom , Suh Wonwoo , Kim Imhwan , Jeon Junyeop , Kim Miyoung
Published: September 2024

We report the synthesis of multiple Bi2Te3 shells on multi-stepped Sb2Te3 nanoplates using molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) step-edge growth. For the growth of Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 hetero-structures, multi-stepped Sb2Te3 nanoplates with stair-like morphology following layer-by-layer (LBL) growth mode were obtained by optimizing the growth temperature, and the growth of Bi2Te3 on the step-edges of the Sb2Te3 nanoplates was followed. Width of Bi2Te3 on the Sb2Te3 nanoplates was controlled by changing the growth time. Structural properties of the hetero-structures were investigated using aberration-corrected (Cs-corrected) high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), revealing the interface between Sb2Te3 and Bi2Te3. In-plane epitaxial relation at the interface was confirmed using fast Fourier transforms (FFTs). Compositional analysis of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 was verified through energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Furthermore, we performed density functional theory (DFT) calculations to confirm the preferential growth of Bi2Te3 on the step-edges of Sb2Te3. By forming multi-stepped core structure, it would be feasible to create various integrated hetero-structures.
Dynamic Analysis of Nonlinear Models for Long-distance Belt Conveyors with Multi Motors
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Li Qiying , Jia Xianghui , Zhou Dan , Zhang Daoxian , Zhang Dongyue , Li Chenming
Published: September 2024

Based on the theory of viscoelasticity, a nonlinear dynamic model of the long-distance belt conveyor system is established considering PMSMs (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors). Then, a constraint following robust control is designed to accurately control the start and stop of the belt conveyor. The analysis then examines the speed, tension, and other parameters at critical positions during the startup phases with different desired speed curves. The parking phase is also investigated by dividing into four cases including unloaded free parking, fully loaded free parking, unloaded emergency parking, and fully loaded emergency parking. On this basis, four temperature conditions are set to study the slip ratio for the parking process: room temperature, extremely low temperature, monthly low temperature, and monthly high temperature. By comparing with traditional controllers, the proposed model-based underactuated controller can effectively improve the aforementioned metrics under various operating conditions, contributing to the safe and stable operation of long-distance nonlinear belt conveyors.
Impact of Motivation and Social Support on Elderly Engagement in Korean Archery: A TPB Approach
Authors: Yu Jae-gu , ‍Jeong Yunduk
Published: September 2024

Through the lens of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study addresses key research gaps by investigating three primary objectives: (1) exploring the influence of participation motivation on attitudes; (2) examining the effects of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control (PBC) on behavioral intention; and (3) analyzing the moderating role of social support in these associations. Survey data were collected from amateur Han-gung athletes participating in ten senior Han-gung tournaments in South Korea. To ensure measurement scale robustness, confirmatory factor analysis, assessing factor loadings, average variance extracted (AVE), and construct reliability (CR) were conducted, with Cronbach’s alpha confirming scale reliability. The findings reveal the significant impact of participation motivation on attitudes and the positive effects of attitudes and PBC on behavioral intention. Moreover, social support emerges as a moderator in the relationship between subjective norms and behavioral intention. Academically, this study enriches the TPB framework by incorporating social support as a moderator, while practically, it offers insights for sports organizers and policymakers seeking to promote participation and engagement in Han-gung, particularly among the elderly population.
Mechanical properties and crack propagation of discrete distribution non-persistent jointed rock masses under uniaxial compression
Authors: Huang Dan , Xiao Zilong , Jin Qingping , Xu Qingmei
Published: September 2024

Fractured rocks as typical engineering materials are commonly influence by distinct arrangement of joints and the angle of their inclination. In this paper, uniaxial compression test were carried out on three kinds of marble samples (a-series, b-series and c-series) containing different dip angle (30◦, 45◦, 60◦ and 75◦). Subsequently, strain gauge and high speed camera were used to monitor the micro fracture and the change of surface strain, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also used to study the morphology of marble. Thereafter, numerical simulation of the fractured rocks based on the discrete element method were investigated. The rock mass's failure trajectory, mode of failure were investigated in the experiment, and the distribution of PFC cracks, their displacement, the spread of prefabricated cracks, and the manner of their failure under simulated scenarios were investigated in the simulation. Additionally, an examination was conducted on the damage and its constitutive curves for the three marble varieties, along with an analysis of the connection between the initial damage and the distribution of joints. The results demonstrate that the gradient of the fissure plays a role in determining the durability of marble. The numerical simulation reveals an enhancement in both the maximum strength and the elasticity of the crack correlating with the crack's rising dip. The stepped, coplanar and rotational failure modes in rock mass were proposed utilizes a blend of experimental and simulated data. Damage constitutive model resembles the stress-strain curve's pre-peak curvature, during the post-peak stage of the stress-strain graph, the decrease in stress becomes more pronounced and fragile.
Multi-stage fault location technique based on single-ended measurements in Hybrid-HVDC networks with a mixture of overhead line and underground cable
Authors: Iliyaeifar Mir Mohammad , Hadaeghi Arsalan
Published: September 2024

The utilization of HVDC transmission networks with composite transmission lines (TL) is increasing rapidly. Therefore, examination of fault section identification (FSI) along with fault location is of utmost importance in these sorts of grids. In this paper, by utilizing single-ended measurements and analysing the rectifier side’s fault signals, the fault localization issue of LCC-VSC-HVDC systems with a mixed overhead line (OHL) and underground cable (UGC) is completely scrutinized. Two powerful scenarios are implemented to examine the fault location issue of the aforementioned HVDC system. In the initial scenario, the evaluation focuses on a unified DC transmission line in conjunction with a solitary Artificial Neural Network (ANN). The second scenario presents a bifurcated approach to the DC line, employing hybrid energy and wavelet methods to apply the FSI across the integrated DC transmission network. Subsequently, after dividing the TL into different sections (OHL/UGC), the ANN will determine the faulty spot more accurate than the first scenario. In other words, a multi-stage technique along with two completely different subsections and ANNs will be utilized for two subdivisions. A ± 100 kV hybrid LCC-VSC-HVDC transmission system with 250km of mixed OHL and UGC is simulated via MATLAB software, and the results are completely juxtaposed.
Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pregnant Females:
An Electronic Health Records Analysis from the RECOVER Initiative (PCORnet and N3C)
Authors: Zang Chengxi , Guth Daniel , Bruno Ann , Xu Zhenxing , Ammar Nariman , Chew Robert , Güthe Nicholas , Hadley Emily , Kaushal Rainu , Love Tanzy , McGrath Brenda , Patel Rena , Seibert Elizabeth , Singh Sharad , Wang Fei , Weiner Mark , Wilkins Kenneth , Zhang Yiye , Metz Torri , Hill Elaine , Carton Thomas
Published: September 2024

While pregnancy has been associated with an altered immune response and distinct clinical manifestations of COVID-19, the influence of pregnancy on the persistence and severity of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), or Long COVID, remains uncertain. This study investigated PASC risk in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and compared it with that in reproductive-age females with SARS-CoV-2 infection outside of pregnancy. This retrospective analysis identified 72,151 individuals who contracted SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and 1,439,354 females who contracted SARS-CoV-2 outside of pregnancy, aged 18 to 50 years old, from March 2020 to June 2023 in the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network (PCORnet) and the National COVID Cohort Collaborative (N3C). A comprehensive list of PASC outcomes was investigated, including a PCORnet rule-based PASC definition, an N3C PASC machine learning (ML) Phenotype, unspecified PASC ICD-10 diagnoses (ICD10 codes U09.9 or B94.8), and a cluster of cognitive, fatigue, and respiratory conditions. Overall, the estimated risk of PASC at 180 days of follow-up for those infected during pregnancy was 16.47 events per 100 persons (95% CI, 16.00 to 16.95) in the PCORnet cohort, based on the PCORnet rule-based PASC definition, and 4.37 events per 100 persons (95% CI, 4.18 to 4.57) in the N3C cohort based on the ML model. The risks of unspecified PASC diagnoses were 0.19 events per 100 persons (95% CI, 0.14 to 0.25) in PCORnet, and 0.23 events per 100 persons (95% CI, 0.19 to 0.28) in N3C; and the risks of any post-acute cognitive, fatigue, and respiratory condition were 4.86 events per 100 persons (95% CI, 4.59 to 5.14) in PCORnet, and 6.83 events per 100 persons (95% CI, 6.59 to 7.08) in N3C. The PASC risk varied across different subpopulations within pregnant females. The observed risk factors for PASC included self-reported Black race, advanced maternal age, infection during the first two trimesters, obesity, and the presence of baseline comorbid conditions. While the findings suggest a high incidence of PASC in individuals following SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy, the risk of PASC in pregnant females was lower than in matched non-pregnant females.
Histopathological Changes in the Placenta in Late Intrauterine Fetal Deaths at a Tertiary Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: saba Sayedatus , Begum Shahnaj , Ferdous Jesmin Naz , Billah Md. Mustain
Published: September 2024

Introduction:Meticulous gross andmicroscopic studiesof the singleton placenta alone may provide valuable information regarding the cause of unexplained intrauterine fetal deaths(IUFDs) and can offer potential treatment options for its prevention in future pregnancies.
Objective: To determine the histopathological changes in the placenta associated with late intrauterine fetal death.
Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Sir Salimullah Medical College Mitford Hospital, Dhaka, fromMarch 2021 to January 2023. A total of 80 patients aged between 19 and 44 years with late IUFDs were included in this study. Theplacentas of the dead newbornswere histopathologically analyzed.
Results: All of the patients presentedsignificant gross andhistopathological changes in the placental specimens. A total of 71.3% of them were <30 years of age. Fifty percent of the patients were multipara, and 45% were primi. The gestational ages of 61.3% of the patients were within 37–40 weeks, 20% were within 28–32 weeks, and 18.8% were within 33–36 weeks. The mean placental weight was 407 gm, and 46.3% of the patients had placental weights within 410–450 gm. A total of 33.8% of the patients had placental diameters within 9–12 cm, and 48.8% had placental diameters within 13–16 cm. Cord insertion was eccentric in 41.3%, central in 45.0% and marginal in 12.5% of the patients. A total of 18.8% of patients had hypocoil, and 10% had hypercoiled cords. Twenty percent ofpatients had retroplacental hemorrhage. The membrane was greenish yellow in 3.8% of the samples and pale bluish in 2.4% of the samples. The significantmicroscopic findings were vascular ectasia with congestion in 26.3% of the patients, disorders of villous maturation in 35%, perivillous fibrin deposition in 15.0%, intervillous hemorrhage in 23.8%, subamniotic hemorrhagein 2.5%, microcalcification in 18.8%, infarct with avascular ghost villi in 17.5%, villous edema in 15%, deciduitis in 6.25%, thrombus in 5%, perivillous fibrin deposition in 15%, chorangiosis in 2.5%, villitis of unknown origin in 25% and chronic intervillositis in 17.5% of the patients. Maternal and fetal inflammatory responses were present in 26 patients, of whom46.2% had stage 1 and 38.5% had stage 2 maternal inflammatory responses. A total of 7.7% had stage 1 inflammatory response, and 23.1% had stage 2 fetalinflammatory response.
Discussion: This study revealed that late IUFD is associated withsignificant placental histopathological abnormalities. Identification of these abnormalities can provide information about the etiopathogenesis of late intrauterine fetal deaths, can play a very important role in medicolegal situations and can guide physicians in the management of patients to prevent further pregnancy losses.
Identification of a turnover in the initial mass function of a young stellar cluster down to 0.5 MJ
Authors: De Furio Matthew , Meyer Michael , Greene Thomas , Hodapp Klaus , Johnstone Doug , Leisenring Jarron , Rieke Marcia , Robberto Massimo , Roellig Thomas , Cugno Gabriele , Fiorellino Eleonora , Manara Carlo , Raileanu Roberta , Terwisga Sierk van
Published: September 2024

We present results exploring the initial mass function in a young (< 1 Myr) embedded star-forming region, NGC 2024, down to sub-Jupiter masses using the Near Infrared Camera (NIRCam) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). Predominant star formation theory predicts a mass limit for the formation of objects produced through the fragmentation of molecular clouds, 2-10 MJ. Previous studies identified an increasing mass function from the hydrogen-burning limit down to ~ 10 MJ, but were not sensitive to lower mass objects. In GTO-1190 (PI: M.R. Meyer), we obtained deep imaging of the central core of NGC 2024, covering 0.7 - 5 μm and sensitive down to 0.5 MJ, and extracted photometry for 48 candidate members of the cluster. We find that a broken power-law model of the mass function best represents the data, increasing from 60 MJ to 12 MJ then followed by a decrease down to 0.5 MJ. This is the first evidence for a decrease in the mass function below 10 MJ in a stellar population. Our program probes the lowest masses theoretically produced through star formation processes, finding no likely cluster members below about 3 MJ, potentially the fundamental limit of the star and brown dwarf formation process.
A robustly rooted tree of eukaryotes reveals their excavate ancestry.
Authors: Roger Andrew , Williamson Kelsey , Eme Laura , Baños Hector , McCarthy Charley , Susko Edward , Kamikawa Ryoma , Orr Russell , Muñoz-Gómez Sergio , Minh Bui , Simpson Alastair
Published: September 2024

The eukaryote Tree of Life (eToL) depicts the relationships among all eukaryotic organisms; its root represents the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) from which all extant complex lifeforms are descended. Locating this root is crucial for reconstructing the features of LECA, both as the endpoint of eukaryogenesis and the start-point for the evolution of the myriad complex traits underpinning the diversification of living eukaryotes. However, the position of the root remains contentious due to pervasive phylogenetic artefacts stemming from inadequate evolutionary models, poor taxon sampling, and limited phylogenetic signal. Here, we estimate the root of the eToL with unprecedented resolution based on a new, much larger, dataset of mitochondrial proteins which includes all known eukaryotic supergroups. Our comprehensive analyses with state-of-the-art phylogenetic models reveal that the eukaryotic root lies between two multi-supergroup assemblages: ‘Opimoda+’ and ‘Diphoda+’. Compellingly, this position is consistently supported across different models and robustness analyses. Notably, groups containing ‘typical excavates’ are placed on both sides of the root, suggesting the complex features of the ‘excavate’ cell architecture trace back to LECA. This study is the most comprehensive phylogenetic investigation of the eukaryote root to date, shedding light on the ancestral cells from which extant eukaryotes arose and providing a crucial framework for investigating the origin and evolution of canonical eukaryotic features.
Febrile seizures in children between 6 months and less than 5 years
Authors: Altun Razan Ibrahim , abdul_Raouf Rama saied , Pharaon Prof Dr. Nawar Zuhair
Published: September 2024

Background: A study of the relative prevalence of a common complaint such as febrile seizures, in which a large number of patients are referred to the ambulance department annually.
Methods and materials: Data were collected through clinical history, detailed medical examination, and necessary investigations such as CT, lumbar puncture, and others.
Results: (URI) was the most common foci of infection causing febrile seizure (60.4%), followed by Gastroenteritis (GE) which was (18.8%), while pneumonia was the least common (2.9%) of all cases, also a weak inverse relationship was observed between the patient's age and the duration of the febrile seizure, where the median duration of the febrile seizure was higher in age (24 months or less) which was 9.1 minutes compared to age (more than 24 months) which was 6.2 minutes, with statistical significant (P=0.0018), and a weak direct relationship was observed between the temperature during convulsion and the duration of the febrile seizure, as the median duration of the febrile seizure was higher at a temperature (more than 39 C), reaching 8.3 minutes, compared to a temperature (38-39 C), which reached 7.8 minutes, without statistical significant (P=0.32).
Heineke-Mikulicz plasty as a Treatment for Proximal Type I Jejunal Atresia: Presentation of 4 Cases
Authors: Rosa-Bustamante Eduardo De la , colin-garnica jorge , Guillen-Cardenas Arturo , Luna-Lopez Gerardo , Gonzalez-Garcia Hugo
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Proximal jejunal atresia is a congenital obstruction of the jejunum, typically located within the first 15 cm from the ligament of Treitz. This condition prevents the passage of intestinal contents, leading to symptoms such as bilious vomiting, abdominal distension, and a lack of meconium passage in newborns. The standard treatment for proximal jejunal atresia is primary anastomosis, which involves resecting the atretic segment and directly joining the proximal and distal ends of the intestine. However, this procedure carries risks due to its proximity to the angle of Treitz, leading to the development of alternative techniques to manage this pathology.
Methods: We present four patients with proximal type I jejunal atresia successfully treated with Heineke–Mikulicz plasty from August 2023 to May 2024.
Results: The patients experienced a favorable postoperative course,with an average time to full oral intake ranging from 9--25 days, with a median of 13 days.
Conclusion: This technique avoids complications such as high-output stomas, anastomotic leaks, dehiscence, and repeated surgical reinterventions. We propose this technique as an alternative treatment for this condition. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case series in Mexico that uses this approach.
Association between preoperative diaphragm thickening fraction and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Okura PT Kazuki , Hasegawa MSc PT Kakeru , Sakamoto PT Ririko , Takahashi PT Yusuke , Nagaki  , Wakita  , Sato  , Kasukawa  , Miyakoshi
Published: September 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative diaphragm thickening assessed using ultrasound imaging and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
Methods:
This single-center, prospective, cohort study enrolled patients with esophageal cancer who were scheduled to undergo thoracoscopic esophagectomy between June 2021 and May 2024. The diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) was measured using ultrasound imaging preoperatively and at 1 and 2 weeks postoperatively. Our primary outcome comprised overall PPCs. We investigated the longitudinal change in the DTF and the relationship between the DTF and PPCs. We also examined the optimal cutoff value for the ability of the DTF to predict PPCs.
Results:
This study enrolled 73 patients. PPCs occurred in 21 (29%) patients, 10 (14%) of whom had pneumonia. The estimated difference between the preoperative and 1-week postoperative least squares means of the DTF was − 56.3% (95% credible interval [CrI]: −65.4, − 47.2) and − 36.5% (95%CrI: −43.7, − 29.2) between the preoperative and 2-week postoperative values. The mean odds ratio of preoperative DTF to PPCs was 0.82 per 10% increase (95%CrI: 0.66, 0.97), after adjusting for potential confounders. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cutoff value predicting PPCs was 123.6%.
Conclusion:
DTF is decreased at 1 and 2 weeks after thoracoscopic esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer. The higher the preoperative DTF, the lower the odds of occurrence of PPCs.
Assessment of Carbon Sequestration by Herbs and Soil in Wetlands of Bhopal District of Central India
Authors: Singh Ankita , Sejpada Sharmistha , Shekhawat Meenu , Singh Pratiksha , Vyas Vipin
Published: September 2024

Wetlands in urban areas act as natural buffers that control floods, mitigate fire risks, and regulate local climates, helping to reduce the impact of extreme weather events on communities. Quantification of carbon stocks is critical to evaluate the potential of an ecosystem to mitigate the impact of global climate change and the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration from industries, burning of fossil fuels and deforestation causes greenhouse gases (GHGs). Hence, vegetation near wetlands in terms of agroforestry, plantation, and reforestation has been suggested as one of the most appropriate land management systems for mitigating atmospheric CO2 through the photosynthesis process. Forest ecosystems also contribute to storing more than 80% of all terrestrial aboveground Carbon and more than 70% of all soil organic carbon (SOC). We studied natural herbs, grasses, and soil near the wetland ecosystem in Madhya Pradesh, India to understand how much vegetation and soil are applicable for the capturing of carbon in urban areas as a carbon pool or carbon reservoir among the sites. Results indicated that the biomass of the wetland (near natural ecosystem) was 1.68 t ha-1 while the wetland (near manmade ecosystem) was 0.83 t ha-1. The total carbon stock in wetlands ranges between 16.34 t C ha− 1 to 23.28 t C ha− 1. Higher biomass accumulation and carbon stock were recorded in wetlands which are near natural ecosystems or away from human interferences. Proper efforts are required to manage these diverse ecosystems to obtain higher biomass and sustainable ecological services.
A portable parton-level event generator for the high-luminosity LHC
Authors: Bothmann Enrico , Childers Taylor , Giele Walter , Höche Stefan , Isaacson Joshua , Knobbe Max
Published: September 2024

The rapid deployment of computing hardware different from the traditional CPU+RAM model in data centers around the world mandates a change in the design of event generators for the Large Hadron Collider, in order to provide economically and ecologically sustainable simulations for the high-luminosity era of the LHC. Parton-level event generation is one of the most computationally demanding parts of the simulation and is therefore a prime target for improvements. We present a production-ready leading-order parton-level event generation framework capable of utilizing most modern hardware and discuss its performance in the standard candle processes of vector boson and top-quark pair production with up to five additional jets.
The role of disruption in the impact of multiple leadership styles on bank performance: evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Maharani Anita , Tamara Dewi
Published: September 2024

This study aims to explore the role of multiple leadership styles in bank performance, with disruption as a moderator in Indonesia. The study uses a probability sampling technique with random sampling types. The main data source was the distribution of questionnaires. 300 bank employees were targeted, and 450 data inputs were received upon completion of the survey. The data were processed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) with Partial Least Square Structural Software. The data analysis obtained a construct and discriminant validity value of 0.7 and achieved an R-Square of 0.743. The results of this study showed that multiple leadership styles, consisting of transformational leadership style, ethical leadership style, and servant leadership style, influence bank performance (P-Value 0.000). Disruption also influences bank performance (P-Values 0.000); however, disruption does not moderate the influence of leadership styles on bank performance (P-Value 0.993). This study emphasizes the importance of multiple leadership styles that combine transformational leadership style, ethical leadership style, and servant leadership style in managing banking business performance. This study significantly contributes to leadership development initiatives in the dynamic Indonesian banking industry and offers future research directions.
AcknowledgmentWe thank all respondents that participated in the survey. Data availability can be found in https://bitly.cx/uuN0l
Epidemiological characteristic of nails, skin of the feet and hands mycoses in the Perm region
Authors: Novikova V. V.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Mycoses of the skin and their derivatives are one of the most common groups of fungal infections. Lesion to the nails and skin of the feet and hands occupies a leading place in the structure of this pathology. These diseases are characterized by a long course and often ineffective therapy. Onychomycosis and fungal infections of the skin of the feet and hands are characterized by certain epidemiological features and have a diverse etiology.

Aim. To study of the epidemiological characteristic of mycoses of the nails, skin of the feet and hands according to the data of the Regional Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary of Perm over a ten-year period to optimize the detection and further treatment of this pathology

Materials and methods. For the study, statistical data from the Regional Clinical Dermatovenerological Dispensary in Perm were used. Data were analyzed for the period 2012–2021 to assess the dynamics of the prevalence of mycoses of the skin and nails of the feet and hands, their etiological structure. Cases recorded during direct patient contact were taken into account. For laboratory confirmation of mycoses, a culture method was used.

Results and discussion. The number of cases of mycoses of the skin and nails of the feet and hands for the period from 2012 to 2021 was analyzed. It was established that the share of this pathology in the structure of superficial mycoses averaged 49.9%. There was no significant dynamics in the number of recorded cases of fungal infection of this location during the analyzed period. This pathology was more often observed in females than in males throughout the study period. The most significant etiological factors were representatives of Trichophyton spp., Candida spp., as well as molds. There has been a change in the etiological structure of mycoses of the nails, skin of the feet and hands over the observed period: there is a tendency towards a decrease in the proportion of dermatophytes and an increase in the proportion of yeast fungi.

Conclusion. The relevance of the studied group of mycoses was confirmed using the example of the Perm region. The main cause of fungal infections of the nails and skin of the feet and hands were representatives of dermatophytes and Candida spp. It is recommended to focus on identifying this pathology in males during preventive examinations due to the low frequency of their visits to medical specialists.
Papulosquamous scalp dermatoses: key aspects of differential diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Tereshchenko G. P. , Zhukova O. V. , Ostretsova M. N. , Bobrov M. A. , Alhaffar S.
Published: September 2024

Psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis are common papulosquamous dermatoses. When localized only on the scalp, they often have very similar clinical manifestations and require a comprehensive differential diagnostic approach. The article presents the main comparative clinical and diagnostic characteristics of psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp, including trichoscopy features and pathomorphological markers. Topical therapy with glucocorticosteroids, keratolytics and agents with antifungal activity is of key importance in the treatment of papulosquamous diseases. Modern topical drugs with a fixed combination of active ingredients provide an effect on several pathogenetic mechanisms at once, are stable, compatible, and convenient for use by patients. One of the main drugs for the treatment of psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis is a solution of betamethasone dipropionate and salicylic acid (trade name – Akriderm SK), which in terms of anti-inflammatory activity is comparable to the highest strength topical corticosteroids, while providing a faster response to therapy and effectively relieving symptoms of itching and peeling. This is confirmed by the authors’ own clinical experience and demonstrated in the clinical cases described in the article.
Mastocytoma and juvenile xanthogranuloma in children
Authors: Potekaev N. N. , Kasikhina E. I. , Ostretsova М. N. , Grebenyuk V. N. , Kochetkov M. A. , Katunina O. R. , Buzina K. I.
Published: September 2024

The growing number of children with rare diseases such as cutaneous mastocytoma and juvenile xanthogranuloma turning to dermatologists, as well as their clinical similarity, dictate the need for specialists to pay careful attention to these diseases. cutaneous mastocytoma is a clinical form of cutaneous mastocytosis. According to the WHO classification (2022), isolated (one focus) and multiple cutaneous mastocytoma (no more than three foci) are distinguished. juvenile xanthogranuloma belongs to the group of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, a broad group of related diseases characterized by the proliferation of histiocytes other than Langerhans cells. We describe a case of an unusual clinical course of solitary juvenile xanthogranuloma in a 3-year-old boy referred to Moscow Scientific and Practical Center of Dermatovenereology and Cosmetology with suspected cutaneous mastocytoma. The size, unusual shape, localization of the lesion and elevated levels of serum tryptase exceeding the age norm (<5 μg/l) determined the atypicality of this case. Dermoscopic examination revealed a central deep yellow coloration of the lesion in the center (the setting sun symptom), a vascular pattern and a clouds symptom. Pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of juvenile xanthogranuloma. The article also reflects the results of a dynamic observation of a child with an isolated large-sized cutaneous mastocytoma. During the examination, an increase in tryptase levels (>20 μg/l), and AST values, as well as ultrasound signs of hepatomegaly were revealed. Features of the dermoscopic and pathomorphological picture demonstrated patterns characteristic of infiltration and increased activity of mast cells. Cutaneous mastocytoma and juvenile xanthogranuloma are rare and benign skin diseases that usually begin in childhood. Diagnosis of rare diseases often requires complex differential diagnosis. Features of the modern course of cutaneous mastocytoma and juvenile xanthogranuloma are an atypical clinical picture and a high risk of developing extracutaneous symptoms. The presented clinical cases demonstrate the need for interdisciplinary monitoring of patients with these diseases and change the stereotypes of treating them as independent and regressive processes without a trace.
Quality of life of patients with dyshidrotic eczema: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Shachnev A. S. , Zhukova O. V. , Kasikhina E. I.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Dyshidrotic eczema (DE) is a type of true eczema, prone to chronic recurrent course, which has a negative impact on the quality of life of patients. In the domestic literature, insufficient attention is paid to the study of the role and nature of the course of the disease on the daily life of patients with DE.

Aim. To study the quality of life in patients of DE. Provide a description of a clinical cases of DE and experience with external therapy.

Materials and methods. 105 patients with DE aged 18 to 52 years were included in the study, the mean age was 31.3 ± 8.1 years. The quality of life was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI). The Dyshidrotic Eczema Area and Severity Index (DASI) was used to clinically assess the severity of DE.

Results. All patients suffering from DE noted a negative impact of the skin process on the quality of life. At the same time, the average DLQI score in all patients was 6.99 ± 4.6, which indicates a moderate undesirable effect of DE on the quality of life, without statistically significant differences by gender. The average DASI score was 12.6 ± 8.8, which indicates a predominance of mild DE in the sample. In women, a process of moderate severity was more often diagnosed and the DASI index was 13.2 ± 8.5. The study demonstrated that the female gender is more susceptible to the influence of DE symptoms on the quality of life, regardless of the severity and extent of the skin process, and minimal changes in the skin can have a negative impact on the quality of life. The article presents clinical examples of successful treatment of DE localized on the skin of the hands with an external preparation containing a combination of 0.05% betamethasone dipropionate, 0.1% gentamicin sulfate and 1% clotrimazole.

Conclusion. DE is a common condition and affects quality of life. Proper diagnosis is essential for effective and efficient treatment. External therapy with the inclusion of a cream (ointment) containing a combination of 0.05% betamethasone dipropionate, 0.1% gentamicin sulfate and 1% clotrimazole gives better results and increases satisfaction with the treatment of patients with DE.
Dynamics of the level of interleukin 31 and 33, cortisol and filaggrin in the blood serum of pregnant women with atopic dermatitis during treatment with a combination of an emollient and a topical antipruritic agent
Authors: Orlova E. A. , Kandrashkina Yu. A. , Levashova O. A. , Kostina E. M. , Shtakh A. F.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The widespread prevalence of atopic dermatitis and decreased quality of life make the problem urgent and require the search for new treatment methods. In atopic dermatitis, excessive expression of interleukins 31 and 33 in keratinocytes is noted. In patients with atopic dermatitis, there is an increase in serum cortisol and filaggrin levels. In recent years, active development of drugs has been carried out, aimed mainly at the immune component of the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. However, clinical trials of these drugs are not conducted on pregnant women. For the treatment of atopic dermatitis during pregnancy, we have proposed a regimen of external therapy, including a topical moisturizer and a topical antipruritic agent.

Aim. To evaluate the levels of interleukins 31, 33, cortisol and filaggrin in blood serum before and after treatment of atopic dermatitis with a combination of emollient and topical antipruritic agent.

Materials and methods. The examination included 76 pregnant women during an exacerbation of atopic dermatitis. The levels of interleukins 31, 33, cortisol and filaggrin were determined in the blood serum at the first visit and after 4 weeks of using the proposed combination of emollient and topical antipruritic agent using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results. Against the background of the proposed therapy, a statistically significant decrease in the concentration of interleukins 31 was noted from 28.98 to 2.08 pg/ml, filaggrin from 9.72 to 5.26 ng/ml, cortisol from 629.80 to 472.25 pg/ml (p = 0,001). There were no statistically significant fluctuations in interleukins 33 levels (p = 0,124).

Conclusion. The combination of external therapy with the use of an emollient and a topical antipruritic agent reduces the production of interleukins 31, cortisol and filaggrin in the blood serum, but the content of interleukins 33 does not change significantly.
Hidradenitis suppurativa: latest insights on the etiology, pathogenesis and features of therapy
Authors: Svechnikova E. V. , Zhufina S. Е.
Published: September 2024

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory skin disease characterized by the appearance of painful, recurrent inflammatory nodules and abscesses that are prone to spontaneous opening, leading to the formation of fistulous tracts and scarring. Most often, lesions affect the apocrine glands in areas such as the armpits, groin and anogenital area. The pathogenesis of the disease is due to follicular occlusion, which occurs as a result of a number of biological inflammatory processes, including follicular epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratinization. According to data from various countries, the incidence ranges from 0.1% to 4%; women aged 18 to 29 years are more likely to suffer from HS, but the disease can also occur during perimenopause. Skin lesions are often accompanied by pain that can compromise daily activities, the presence of disfiguring skin lesions and foul-smelling purulent discharge negatively impact the personal and professional lives of patients. Acute and chronic pain significantly reduces quality of life and is a risk factor for the development of depression. An interdisciplinary approach plays an important role in the treatment of these patients. For treatment, systemic and local antibacterial drugs are used in various combinations and developed regimens, local anesthetics and antiseptics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as symptomatic treatment, systemic and topical (intralesional administration) glucocorticosteroids, retinoids, physiotherapy, laser therapy, and biological drugs. Inhibitors of TNF-alpha, IL-17 act as modern pathogenetic therapy, showing good results in practice. The study of pathogenesis and the use of targeted therapy are priority areas in the study of this disease. Patients with HS need highly effective, safe drugs to maintain stable remission. This article provides an overview of current knowledge of HS, including diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment.
Combination of trehalose and botulinum toxin type A in REVITOX skin treatment protocols
Authors: Razumovskaya E. A.
Published: September 2024

This article presents the REVITOX protocol, developed by the author, which includes the combination of REVI products (native hyaluronic acid + trehalose) and botulinum toxin type A (BTA) for the treatment of rosacea and correction of age-related changes. A plethora of studies has demonstrated that trehalose, an exceptional stabilizer of proteins, contributes to maintaining cellular integrity, exhibits antioxidant and angioprotective effects, and has been shown to induce autophagy. In combination with the proven effects of hyaluronic acid and BTA, these properties facilitate the optimal environment for cellular structure functioning, influencing the basic mechanisms of rosacea pathogenesis and mitigating the severity of age-related changes through the balanced elimination of dynamic and static rhytides, stimulation of neocollagenesis and improvement of the mechanical properties of the dermis. By targeting the multifactorial processes of facial aging, improving skin hydration and elasticity, the REVITOX Beauty protocol has ensured the balanced rejuvenation of the perioral and periorbital skin, resulting in a significant improvement in skin quality, as confirmed by the results of 3D diagnostics. After 3 treatment sessions of the REVITOX Derma program, the patients showed a general improvement of facial skin, a visible reduction in erythema and telangiectasia severity, regression of papulopustular elements, enhanced skin hydration and elasticity, and no recurrences at the follow-up. Further studies on the combined use of BTA and REVI will investigate the potential for using these protocols in the treatment of other dermatological conditions, including in combination with energy-based devices and beauty injections.