bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH
Authors: Pathak Pratibha
Published: February 2021

Over the last three decades there has been increasing global concern over the public health impacts attributed to environmental pollution, in particular, the global burden of disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that about a quarter of the diseases facing mankind today occur due to prolonged exposure to environmental pollution. Most of these environment-related diseases are however not easily detected and may be acquired during childhood and manifested later in adulthood. Improper management of solid waste is one of the main causes of environmental pollution and degradation in many cities, especially in developing countries. Many of these cities lack solid waste regulations and proper disposal facilities, including for harmful waste. Such waste may be infectious, toxic or radioactive. Municipal waste dumping sites are designated places set aside for waste disposal. Depending on a city’s level of waste management, such waste may be dumped in an uncontrolled manner, segregated for recycling purposes, or simply burnt. Poor waste management poses a great challenge to the well-being of city residents, particularly those living adjacent the dumpsites due to the potential of the waste to pollute water, food sources, land, air and vegetation. The poor disposal and handling of waste thus leads to environmental degradation, destruction of the ecosystem and poses great risks to public health.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES, ISSUES & EXECUTION
Authors: Khare Savita
Published: February 2021

While India has gone through a rapid period of economic growth in recent years, country’s environment has paid a heavy price in form of deforestation, pollution & threats to endangered species. India’s current environmental policy is dominated by the landmark National Environment Policy 2006. This paper discusses Indian Environmental Policies, major Issues & Execution of policies
DIVERSITY OF PHYTOPLANKTON IN KSHIPRA RIVER- TRIVENI STATION, UJJAIN (M.P.)
Authors: Trivedi Seema , Karode Anupriya
Published: February 2021

Planktons are minute organisms and essential links in food chain in aquatic system. Plankton is most importance in the freshwater ecosystem as these are the main source of energy and having a very high nutritive value .The present study is going to centralize on kshipra river, Ujjain (M.P.) in year 2014. The plankton were collected, counted and identified by using the method suggested by APHA and Prescott. The study among all these phytoplankton Bacillariophyceae was recorded as a dominant class in Kshipra River.
AN ATTEMPT TO UNDERSTAND ROOT CAUSE BEHIND HIGH LEVELS OF LEAD CONTENT IN “MAGGI”
Authors: Shrivastava Sudha , Yadav Sarita
Published: February 2021

Maggi Noodles by Nestle are banned and taken off shelves in India because of the high lead levels in the product. In my opinion, Nestle is not deliberately increasing the lead content, but lead content can be found in greater than expected quantity due to increase in lead content in its raw materials.

One may read all the ingredients of the Maggi noodles as we as its taste enhancer mentioned on the wrapper of the product.

What can be the cause of presence of lead, what can be its source and how does it affect human health?

Lead is present in all sections of our environment. Air, Soil, Water, every element of environment contains lead. Lead and lead compounds have been used under wide variety of products found in and around our houses, and now as per reports, even the most handy food product called Maggi noodles has lead, more than acceptable to human health. As we are aware, lead is a naturally occurring element found in small amount in the earth’s crust. While it has some beneficial uses, it can be toxic to human and animals causing health issues.
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUE-PLASTIC
Authors: Shakle Sunita
Published: February 2021

Polythene is the most common plastic, the annual global production is approximately 60 million tones, and its primary use is in packing.

Plastic bags pollute soil and waters and kill thousands of marine generalize plastic bags are not biodegradable they clog water ways, spoil the land scape and end up in landfills. Where they may take 1000 year or more to break down into ever smaller particals that continue to pollution the soil and water.
MASS MEDIA IN DISSEMINATING ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS
Authors: Singh Kushwaha Vibha
Published: February 2021

Developments in the field of science and technology while paving way for too many revolutions on the one hand had resulted in serious environmental problems on the other. At this juncture, the role of mass media becomes pertinent in spreading environmental awareness. The approach to entertainment- education can be a very promising one in creating environmental awareness via the usage of media such as, newspapers and magazines, radio, television and Internet.
SEASONAL BIOLOGICAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF RIVER KSHIPRA USING BENTHIC MACRO-INVERTEBRATES
Authors: Archna Akhand , Sharad Shrivastava , Pratibha Akhand
Published: February 2021

The water quality of River Kshipra in stretch of 195 km was studied for water quality status using benthic macro invertebrates for all three seasons’ monsoon, winter and summer. The River water quality is subject to severe domestic and industrial pollution at compete stretch of River. In the present investigation a total of 13 Orders of macrobenthic fauna i.e. Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Placoptera, Coleoptera, Hemiptera, Odonata, Crustacea, Diptera, Pulmonata, Operculata, Pulmonata, Oligochaeta and Hirudinea belong to 3 Phylum’s Arthropoda, Mollusca and Annelida were reported. Arthropoda was the most dominant group in all seasons. On seasonal comparison of benthic fauna is observe that abundance were decreasing order were, Winter > Monsoon > summer. To monitor the water quality samples from two years (2010-12) from different stations were collected monthly. The works highlighted the condition of the River water in various seasons with respect of the seasonal abundance of the benthic macro-invertebrates organisms mentioned above.
ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Johri Deepa
Published: February 2021

Human beings interact both with the social world and nature for its survival. Natural resources and Economic base along with Technology are required for the continual improvement of life style and living standard. Up till now the development was achieved by over exploitation of resources which has damaged the environment and we are facing its consequences. A major cause of this situation is the fast urban growth. India is witnessing an unprecndental rise in urbanization in last two decade. But Indian cities are not able to manage the increasing population because of poor urban management and resource constraints. These cities and their residents are fighting again population, lack of safe drinking water, scarcity of electricity and other basic amenities.  Population and degradation of social & physical environment is a major issue in most of the cities in India, but at the same time cities are paving a way for a new cultural & economic development.

The present study analysis urban and development in India and its impact on environment growth. Urbanization and sustainable development can be achieved if population growth and management of resources are catered properly, unfortunately it is not the scene of Indian urban growth. Thirteen out of twenty most polluted cities of world are Indian cities. We need an immediate control and overview of present trend of urbanization. This research paper is an attempt to identity the major issues of environment in class II &III cities of MP and to explore the path for sustainable development.
USE OF 'RENEWABLE ENERGY' IS ESSENTIAL FOR BOTH ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT (WITH REFERENCE TO INDIA IN PARTICULAR)
Authors: Dixit Aabha
Published: February 2021

No economy can develop without infrastructure. Energy is an important infrastructure, which speeds up development, as energy resources are needed in all sectors, agriculture, industry, transport etc.Even the economic development of a country is estimated from the per capita consumption of energy resources in that country and it is believed that the higher the per capita consumption of energy, the higher the per capita income in that country. Will be. India has 16 percent of the world's population. But here only 1.5 percent of total world consumption is spent.

आधारभूत संरचना के बिना कोई भी अर्थव्यवस्था विकसित नही हो सकती है। उर्जा एक महत्वपूर्ण आधारभूत संरचना है, जो विकास को गति प्रदान करता है, क्योकि सभी क्षेत्रों कृषि, उद्योग, परिवहन आदि में उर्जा संसाधनों की आवष्यकता पड़ती है। यहाॅ तक कि किसी देश के आर्थिक विकास का अनुमान उस देश में उर्जा-संसाधनों की प्रति व्यक्ति खपत से लगाया जाता है और माना जाता है कि जिस देष में उर्जा की प्रति व्यक्ति खपत जितनी अधिक होगी उस देष में प्रति व्यक्ति आय भी उतनी ही अधिक होगी । भारत में विश्व की 16 प्रतिषत जनसंख्या निवास करती है। लेकिन यहाॅ पर कुल विश्व खपत की 1.5 प्रतिशत उर्जा ही खर्च होती है।
SOCIAL FORESTRY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Authors: Singh Thakur Devendra
Published: February 2021

Environment means the environment around us which directly and indirectly affects our lifestyle. In the theoretical and practical form the management of forests and proper use of their products is called forestry. According to the field of work, there are many types of forestry such as agricultural forestry, garden forestry, rural forestry, urban forestry, social forestry. Afforestation done for the purpose of social service is called social forestry. Social forestry performs an important task of meeting the basic needs of the society as well as maintaining the environmental balance. Social forestry has affected human life and the environment. In my research paper, the meaning, necessity, purpose, functions and utility of social forestry has been highlighted and how much social forestry has affected human life. In present times, an attempt has been made to convey the importance of social forestry. Through this research work people will be able to understand the need and importance of social forestry.

पर्यावरण अर्थात हमारे चारो ओर का वातावरण जो प्रत्यक्ष और अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से हमारी जीवनषैली को प्रभावित करता है। सैद्धांतिक एवं व्यावहारिक रूप में वनो की संरचना प्रबंध तथा उनके उत्पादो का उचित उपयोग वानिकी कहलाता है। कार्यदृष्टि के क्षेत्र अनुसार वानिकी के अनेक प्रकार है जैसे कृषि वानिकी, उद्यान वानिकी, ग्रामीण वानिकी, नगरीय वानिकी , सामाजिक वानिकी। सामाजिक सेवा के उद्देष्य से किया गया वनीकरण सामाजिक वानिकी कहलाता है। सामाजिक वानिकी समाज की मुलभूत आवष्यकताओं की पूर्ति करने के साथ साथ पर्यावरण संतुलन को बनाये रखने का महत्वपूर्ण कार्य करती है। सामाजिक वानिकी ने मानवजीवन और पर्यावरण को प्रभावित किया है। मेरे षोध पत्र में सामाजिक वानिकी का अर्थ, आवष्यकता, उसके उद्देष्यो, कार्यो और उसकी उपयोगिता पर प्रकाष डाला गया है तथा सामाजिक वानिकी ने मानव जन जीवन को कितना प्रभावित किया है, को बताया गया है। वर्तमान समय में हमें सामाजिक वानिकी की कितनी आवष्यकता है को महत्व को प्रतिपादित करने का प्रयास किया गया है। इस षोध कार्य के जरिए लोग सामाजिक वानिकी की आवष्यकता और महत्व को भलिभांति समझ सकेगे।
IMPACT OF INCREASING POPULATION GROWTH IN GREATER GWALIOR ON HUMAN HEALTH: (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION)
Authors: Parashar Divya
Published: February 2021

A person is always looking for suitable means of income to fulfill his basic needs. This is why cities started expanding when rural people migrated to cities. As a result, the cities which were settled in the past in the past, those cities settled in disorganized form in modern times and started taking the form of disorganized metros. This chaos in cities and metros has created pollution problem in front of us. Cities that are considered centers of civilization and culture have now become centers of pollution.

व्यक्ति को सदा से ही अपनी मूलभूत आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति के लिए आय के उचित साधनों की तलाश रहती है। यही कारण है कि ग्रामीण व्यक्तियों ने जब शहरों की ओर पलायन किया तो नगरों का विस्तार होने लगा। परिणाम स्वरूप पूर्व में जो नगर व्यवस्थित रूप से बसे हुऐ थे वहीं वे नगर आधुनिक समय में अव्यवस्थित रूप में बस कर अव्यवस्थित महानगरों का रूप लेने लगे। नगरों एवं महानगरों की इसी अव्यवस्था ने हमारे समक्ष प्रदूषण की समस्या खड़ी कर दी है। जो नगर सभ्यता व संस्कृति के केन्द्र माने जाते हैं अब वही नगर प्रदूषण के केन्द्र बन गये है।
CLIMATE CHANGE AND MADHYA PRADESH
Authors: Jain Abhay
Published: February 2021

The issue of balance between development and environment has been going on for a long time, but due to the development cycle, the environment is being ignored somewhere and such situations are facing us in the form of challenge and compulsion today. Despite the implementation of many resolutions, promises, policies and programs etc., environmental challenges remain before us. There is a lot of fluctuation in the weather, excessive rain or drought is not a coincidence but an indicator and result of dangerous changes in the environmental conditions.Dealing with climate change is of paramount importance not only for our health but also to benefit the health of generations to come. Climate change has the greatest impact on the poor and the lower strata of society as they have limited resources.Climate change has had a negative impact on agriculture. Due to which the problem of food grains is arising due to reduction in yield. It is necessary to consider the expansion, research and development of agricultural facilities, as rising global temperatures have increased the magnitude of seasonal events, loss of crops, water scarcity and other crises. There is a need to take revolutionary decisions to stop the flow of destruction caused by climate change. Laws are available for environmental protection, but there is a need for proper observance and more active public consciousness so that development and environment remain balanced.

विकास और पर्यावरण के बीच संतुलन की बात लम्बे समय से चली आ रही है, लेकिन विकास चक्र के चलते कहीं न कहीं पर्यावरण की अनदेखी होती आ रही है और ऐसी स्थितियाँ आज हमारे सामने चुनौती एवं सकंट के रूप में है। अनेक संकल्प, वादे, नीतियाँ और कार्यक्रम आदि के क्रियान्वयन के बावजूद भी पर्यावरण चुनौतियाँ हमारे सामने है। मौसम में बहुत अधिक उतार-चढ़ाव हो रहे है, अधिक बरसात या सूखा पड़ना संयोग नहीं बल्कि पर्यावरण परिस्थितियों में आ रहे खतरनाक बदलाव के सूचक और परिणाम है।जलवायु परिवर्तन से निपटना न केवल हमारे स्वास्थ्य के लिये बल्कि आने वाली पीढ़ियों के स्वास्थ्य को लाभ पहुँचाने के लिये सर्वाधिक महत्वपूर्ण है। जलवायु परिवर्तन का सबसे ज्यादा प्रभाव गरीबों और समाज के निचले तबको पर पड़ता है क्योंकि उनके पास साधन सीमित होते है।जलवायु परिवर्तन की वजह से कृषि पर काफी नकारात्मक असर पड़ा है। जिससे पैदावार में कमी के कारण खाद्यान्न की समस्या उत्पन्न हो रही है। कृषि सुविधाओं के विस्तार, अनुसंधान व विकास पर विचार करना जरूरी है, क्योंकि बढ़ते वैश्विक तापमान ने मौसमी घटनाओं की भयावहता, फसलों का नुकसान, पानी की कमी एवं अन्य संकटों मंे वृद्धि की है। जलवायु परिवर्तन के कारण होने वाली विनाशलीला के प्रवाह को रोकने के लिये क्रांतिकारी निर्णय लेने की आवश्यकता है। पर्यावरण संरक्षण के लिए कानून तो उपलब्ध है किन्तु उनका समुचित पालन और जन चेतना को अधिक सक्रिय करने की आवश्यकता है ताकि विकास और पर्यावरण मंे संतुलन बना रहे।
"CULTURAL TRADITION OF ECO-NATURE PAINTING OF KISHANGARH"
Authors: Bhardwaj Kumkum
Published: February 2021

"The paintings of Kishangarh Sh. Of Rajasthan display the awareness of the environment in today's environment by preserving nature." Vegetation, water, air, three environmental components are depicted in abundance. The cultural tradition of spirituality philosophy is embedded in the environment with nature painting. The picturesque environment of the picturesque environment in the greenery seems to spread the message of saving the environment from getting polluted to the environment, which is a positive effort.Environment refers to the moral and biological system of the entire universe, under which all living beings are. Organisms live in the environment, grow and thrive; Develop their natural tendencies. Man is a part of the environment, apart from that, he has no existence. Air, water, land, vegetation, trees, animals, human beings all make up the environment. "In nature we see something - air, water, soil, vegetation and animals all compose the environment." So ecology is a science of environmental studies. In modern times, since we have renounced spiritual beliefs and science and technology have only accepted the cause of human progress and natural resources. Our environment has become full of crisis for life only when it started burning. 2 This scene of destruction from development has happened due to excessive tapping of nature only.

‘‘राजस्थान की किशनगढ़ श्©ली के चित्र्ा प्रकृति क¨ संरक्षित करके पर्यावरण जागरुकता क¨ आज के परिवेश में प्रदर्शित करते हैं। चित्र्ा¨ं में वनस्पति, जल, वायु तीन¨ं पर्यावरणीय घटक प्रचुर मात्र्ाा में चित्र्ाित हैं। पर्यावरण में प्रकृति चित्र्ाण के साथ अध्यात्म दर्शन की सांस्कृतिक परम्परा क¨ ज¨ड़ा गया है। हरियालीमय सुरम्य वातावरण चित्र्ा¨ं मंे प्रकृति चित्र्ाण की सांस्कृतिक थाती पर्यावरण प्रदूषित ह¨ने से बचाने का सन्देश जन-जन तक पहुँचाती प्रतीत ह¨ती है, ज¨ एक सकारात्मक प्रयास है।पर्यावरण का तात्पर्य समस्त ब्रह्माण्ड के नैतिक एवं जैविक व्यवस्था से है, जिसके अंतर्गत समस्त जीवधारी ह¨ते हैं। पर्यावरण में जीवधारी रहते हैं, बढ़ते हैं अ©र पनपते हैं; अपनी स्वाभाविक प्रवृत्तिय¨ं क¨ विकसित करते हैं। मनुष्य पर्यावरण का ही एक भाग है, उससे पृथक उसका क¨ई भी अस्तित्व नहीं है। वायु, जल, भूमि, वनस्पति, पेड़-प©ध्¨, पशु, मानव सब मिलाकर पर्यावरण बनाते हैं। ‘‘प्रकृति मंे हमें ज¨ कुछ दिखाई देता है- वायु, जल, मिट्टी, वनस्पति तथा प्राणी सभी सम्मिलित रूप से पर्यावरण की रचना करते हैं। अतः पारिस्थितिकी पर्यावरण अध्ययन का एक विज्ञान है।1आधुनिक काल में जब से हमने आध्यात्मिक मान्यताअ¨ं का त्याग किया है तथा विज्ञान अ©र प्र©द्य¨गिकी क¨ ही मानव प्रगति का कारण मान लिया अ©र प्राकृतिक संसाधन¨ं का भरपूर द¨हन करना प्रारंभ किया तभी हमारा पर्यावरण जीवन के लिए संकट पूर्ण ह¨ गया है।2 विकास से विनाश का यह मंजर केवल प्रकृति के अत्यधिक द¨हन के कारण हुआ है।
NATURE CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE POETRY OF SUMITRANANDANPANT
Authors: Rani Manju
Published: February 2021

The environment is the basis of life on our earth, which is the basis for the emergence, development and survival of not only human but also different kinds of fauna and flora. The environment has an important role in the progress that human has made from the development of civilization to the present age, and it would not be an exaggeration to say that the development of human civilization and culture is the result of similar and harmony of human environment, that is why many ancient civilizations have adverse environment Due to the collapse of the era, many species and species of plants have become extinct and this crisis is increasing in many.In fact, the environment is not a single element but a group of many elements and all these elements or components, in a state of natural equilibrium, create an environment in which the development of human, animal, flora, etc., continues uninterrupted. But if any one of these elements is deficient or its natural activity is obstructed, then it also has a bad effect on the other elements, due to which a new odd situation is born. This asymmetry adversely affects climate, flora, fauna and humans. Which becomes the cause of crisis for the existence of world.

पर्यावरण हमारी पृथ्वी पर जीवन का आधार है, जो न केवल मानव अपितु विभिन्न प्रकार के जीव जन्तुओं एवं वनस्पति के उद्भव, विकास एवं अस्तित्व का आधार है। सभ्यता के विकास से वर्तमान युग तक मानव ने जो प्रगति की है उसमें पर्यावरण की महती भूमिका है और यह कहना अतिश्योक्ति न होगी कि मानव सभ्यता एवं संस्कृति का विकास मानव पर्यावरण के समानुकूल एवं सामन्जस्य का परिणाम हैं यही कारण है कि अनेक प्राचीन सभ्यतायंे प्रतिकूल पर्यावरण के कारण काल के गर्त में समा गई तथा अनेक जीवों एवं पादप समूहों की प्रजातियाँ विलुप्त हो गयी और अनेक पर यह संकट गहराता जा रहा है।वास्तव में पर्यावरण कोई एक तत्व नहीं है अपितु अनेक तत्वों का समूह है और ये सभी तत्व अथवा घटक एक प्राकृतिक सन्तुलन की स्थिति में रहते हुए एक ऐसे वातावरण का निर्माण करते है जिसमें मानव, जीव-जन्तु, वनस्पति आदि का विकास अनवरत चलता रहे। किन्तु यदि इनमें से किसी एक भी तत्व में कमी आ जाती है अथवा उसकी प्राकृतिक क्रिया में अवरोध आ जाता है तो उसका बुरा प्रभाव दूसरे तत्वों पर भी पड़ता है, जिससे एक नई विषम परिस्थिति का जन्म होता है। इस विषमता से जलवायु, वनस्पति, जीव जन्तु एवं मानव पर प्रतिकूल प्रभाव पड़ता है। जो जीव जगत के अस्तित्व के लिये संकट का कारण बन जाता है।
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND WATER POLLUTION AND WATER CONSERVATION (WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO UJJAIN CITY AND SHIPRA RIVER)
Authors: Joshi Nikhil
Published: February 2021

Man has always wanted to do economic development. It is also a fact that without a clean environment, a man's life is unimaginable. Major injury to any part of human and environment in this relationship not only puts this relationship in danger, but also threatens the existence of both. Human life will be affected if the environment deteriorates. This does not mean saving the environment at the cost of economic development or achieving economic development at the cost of the environment. There needs to be a balance between the two so that human life remains safe and also benefited. The center of both is human only. Nature and man are two aspects of life on earth. Both cannot be seen separately.

आर्थिक विकास करना मनुष्य ने सदा से चाहा है। यह भी तथ्य है कि स्वच्छ पर्यावरण के बिना मनुष्य का जीवन अकल्पनीय है। मनुष्य और पर्यावरण के इस रिष्ते में किसी भी हिस्से को बड़ी चोट न केवल इस रिष्ते को खतरे में डाल देती है बल्कि दोनों के अस्तित्व भी खतरे में पड़ जाते हैं। पर्यावरण बिगड़ेगा तो मानव जीवन प्रभावित होगा। इसका यह अर्थ नहीं है कि आर्थिक विकास की कीमत पर पर्यावरण बचायें या पर्यावरण की कीमत पर आर्थिक विकास हासिल करें। दोनों के बीच एक संतुलन की आवष्यकता है ताकि मानव जीवन सुरक्षित बना रहे और लाभांवित भी हो। दोनों का केन्द्र मानव ही है। प्रकृति और मानव पृथ्वी पर जीवन के दो पहलू हंै। दोनों को अलग-अलग कर नहीं देखा जा सकता।
CHANGES IN LAND USE / LAND COVER DUE TO POPULATION PRESSURE (WITH REFERENCE TO MADHYA PRADESH)
Authors: Gupta Rekha
Published: February 2021

There is an interdependent relationship between human and natural resources. By using his knowledge and skills on the biological and abiotic wealth derived from human nature, he converts them into valuable services and goods and gives direction and speed to economic development. Without human, this wealth of nature has no value. Human is both a means and a means of development. Pro. PL Rawat has said that man is both the beginning and the end of economic development, but when man starts exploiting or exploiting these natural wealth in order to fulfill his growing needs, the balance between man and nature starts to deteriorate and h ¨ Environmental problems also lead to birth. Today almost the entire world is facing a deteriorating balance of human and nature due to rapid growth. Our country and state are also not untouched by this problem. This imbalance can also be explained by population pressure in the state and changes in the nature of land use.

मानव और प्राकृतिक संसाधनों में अन्योन्य आश्रित संबंध है। मानव प्रकृति से प्राप्त जैविक-अजैविक सम्पदा पर ही अपने ज्ञान एवं कौशल का उपयोग करके उन्हें बहुमूल्य सेवा एवं वस्तुओं में परिवर्तित करता है एवं आर्थिक विकास को दिशा एवं गति प्रदान करता है। मानव के बिना प्रकृति की इस सम्पदा का कोई मूल्य नहीं है। मानव ही विकास का साधन एवं साध्य दोनों है। प्रो. पी.एल. रावत ने कहा है कि, मनुष्य आर्थिक विकास का आदि एवं अंत दोनों है किन्तु जब मानव अपनी बढ़ती हुई आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति के लिए इन प्राकृतिक संपद¨ का अत्यधिक शोषण या दोहन करने लगता है तो मानव व प्रकृति के बीच संतुलन बिगड़ने लगता है और ज¨ पर्यावरणीय समस्याओं के जन्म का कारण भी बनता है। आज लगभग संपूर्ण विश्व तीव्र वृद्धि के कारण मानव एवं प्रकृति के बिगड़ते संतुलन का सामना कर रहा है। हमारा देश एवं राज्य भी इस समस्या से अछूता नहीं है। इस असंतुलन को राज्य में जनसंख्या दबाव एवं भूमि उपयोग के स्वरूप में आए परिवर्तन के द्वारा भी स्पष्ट किया जा सकता हैं।
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION - HUMAN HEALTH (A WORLDWIDE PROBLEM)
Authors: Joshi Tripti
Published: February 2021

Modern development has caused a lot of people attention about the deadly aspects of the industrial revolution, due to the fact that there is a lot of industrial corruption.

आधुनिकविकासकाप्रतीकबनकरआईऔद्योगिकक्रांतिके घातकपहलुओं के बारेमेंबहुत कम लोगोंका ध्यानजापायाहैजानेकितनेलोगऔद्योगिकप्रदुषण के कारणतिल-तिलकरमरतेहैं।दिनांदिनप्रदुषितहोतेपर्यावरण के कारणसंक्रामकबीमारियाँ न सिर्फभारतमेंअपितुविश्व के अधिकांशदेशोंमें बढ़तीजारहीहै।भारतहीनहींसम्पणर््ूाविश्वमेंबीमारियोंका खतराहरदिन बढ़ रहाहै।
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RAGA RAGINI AND ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Agrawal Varsha
Published: February 2021

The mind and the mind attached to it are enamored by looking at our geographical environment and the body with a good clean environment leads the human mind towards peace.The focus of various raga-raganis in Indian music is a close relationship with the environment. It is well known that a good thinking, good thoughts, good music etc. all create a good environment.The flow of the river, the flow of air, the noise of trees all create a pleasant musical sound that is supernatural, universal. But in our Samaveda, the pronunciation of Oun, the chanting of mantras, the effect of its sound along with the eloquence, the resonance, the tone of the atmosphere, on the human mind and brain refreshes the mental environment along with the geographical environment and imparts consciousness and consciousness.Therefore, if along with biology, botanical and scientific efforts, all the raga-raginis of Indian music will be used for conservation of the environment, then it will be a perfect and complete tool. In this present age, environmental protection is an important issue and debate on it is to find its remedies and to present them on the path of world welfare.

मन और उससे जुड़ा मस्तिष्क जिस प्रकार हमारे भौगोलिक पर्यावरण को देखकर उस पर आसक्त होता है और शरीर को अच्छे स्वच्छ पर्यावरण का साथ मानव मन को सुख शान्ति की ओर ले जाता है। भारतीय संगीत में विभिन्न राग-रागनियों का ध्यान पर्यावरण के साथ घनिष्ठ सम्बन्ध है। ऐसा सर्वविदित है कि एक अच्छा सोच, अच्छे विचार, अच्छा संगीत आदि सभी अच्छे पर्यावरण का निर्माण करते हैं। नदी का बहना, वायु का प्रवाहमान होना, वृक्षों की सांय-सांय सभी एक सुखद संगीत ध्वनि का निर्माण करते हैं जो अलौकिक है, सार्वभौमिक है। परन्तु हमारे सामवेद में ऊँ का उच्चारण, मंत्रों का उच्चारण उद्दात, अनुद्दात, स्वरित के साथ उसकी ध्वनि का वायुमण्डल पर असर मानव मन और मस्तिष्क पर भौगोलिक पर्यावरण के साथ मानसिक पर्यावरण को तरोताजा कर स्फूर्ति और चेतना प्रदान करता है। अतः पर्यावरण के संरक्षण हेतु यदि जैविकी, वानस्पतिकीय व वैज्ञानिक प्रयासों के साथ-साथ भारतीय संगीत की समस्त राग-रागिनियों का भी प्रयोग किया जाएगा तो वह उत्तम और सम्पूर्ण साधन होगा। आज के इस वर्तमान युग में पर्यावरण सरंक्षण महत्वर्पूण मुद्दा है व इस पर बहस होना इसके उपायों को खोजना और उनको प्रतिपादित करना विष्व के कल्याण के पथ पर अग्रसर होना है।
NATURE IN HINDI LITERATURE
Authors: Devi Asha
Published: February 2021

The love of nature of Hindi writers is well known. Poetry has been composed on nature in all times during the ancient, medieval and modern times. The famous cinematic poet Jayashankar Prasadji writes-Let me forget my sailor slowly - where in the uninhabited deep-tinged love story in the ears of Sagar-Lahiri-Ambar - Avni of Taj BabelThe poet has here pointed out the peace of man. Humanity is not noisy, nor does he want such an earth. Nature has loved human as (wave of ocean) and (abar). This is what it is like, why is it, who is destroying the unbreakable relationship between human and nature. What are the conditions that are making the earth persist? A terrible environmental crisis is looming over us all. What should we do now .We all know that in Indian culture, nature is like a necklace in the bracelet, but when the great crisis is showing the destruction of this culture, then our values ​​of life, which teach us to love nature, should be cherished in Vedic era It is happening in the verses of the Vedas that we see the feeling of gratitude towards fire, sun, moon, air, water, earth, sky and clouds. Sanskrit literature is full of beautiful scenes of nature. There nature is companion, friend and its all.

हिंदी साहित्यकारों का प्रकृति-प्रेम सर्वविदित है। आदिकाल , मध्यकाल और आधुनिककाल सभी कालों में प्रकृति पर काव्य-रचनाऐं होती रहीं । प्रसिद्ध छायावादी कवि जयशंकरप्रसादजी लिखते हैं-ले चल मुझे भुलावा देकर मेरे नाविक धीरे-धीरे-जहाँ निर्जन में सागर-लहरी-अंबर के कानों में गहरी-निच्छल प्रेमकथा कहती हो--तज कोलाहल की अवनि कवि ने यहाँ मानव की शांतिप्रियता को इंगित किया है ।मानव कोलाहलप्रिय नहीं है, और न ही वह ऐसी धरती चाहता है।( सागर की लहर) और (अबंर) के रूप में प्रकृति ने भी मानव से प्रेम ही किया है ।आज विचारणीय विषय यह है कि फिर ऐसा क्या है, क्यों है, कौन है जो मानव और प्रकृति के अटूट संबंधों को तहस-नहस कर रहा है । वे कौन सी परिस्थितियाँ लगातार बनती रही हैं जो धरती विदीर्ण कर रही हैं । एक भयावह पर्यावरणीय संकट हम सब पर मँडरा रहा है । अब हमें क्या करना चाहिए ।हम सभी जानते हैं कि भारतीय संस्कृति में प्रकृति कंगन में नग की भाँति जडी है पर जब बड़ा संकट इस संस्कृति के विनाश का दिखाई दे रहा है तो ऐंसे में वैदिककाल से सँजोए हमारे जीवन-मूल्य, जो हमें प्रकृति से प्रेम करना सिखाते हैं, समाप्त हो रहे हैं वेदों की ऋचाओं में हमें अग्नि,सूर्य, चंद्र, वायु, जल, पृथ्वी, आकाश और मेघों के प्रति कृतग्यता का भाव दिखाई देता है । संस्कृत-साहित्य तो प्रकृति के मनोहारी दृश्यों से भरा पड़ा है ।वहाँ प्रकृति मानव की सहचरी,सखी और उसका सर्वस्व है ।
THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Gupta Vinod Kumar , Shrivastava S.B. , Bhatia Geeta
Published: February 2021

Environmental conservation is a challenge to the mankind. The measures to check it must be easy to use, cheap and eco friendly. Thin film technology is providing answers to some of these problems. Nanostructured thin films of metal oxide are used in solar cells, semi permeable membrane, protective coatings, electronic devices, optoelectronics etc. Recently thin films have been developed to be used in different fields of environment. These include gas sensors, nanofilters etc. A brief review of the work done in this field is given in this paper.
MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PA 12 AND HDPE PIPES BEFORE AND AFTER AGING IN WATER AT TWO DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Authors: Santos J.A. dos , Tucunduva R.C. , D’Almeida J.R.M.
Published: February 2021

Polymer pipes are being widely used by many industrial segments. Although not affected by corrosion, the mechanical performance of these pipes can be reduced due to exposure to temperature, UV radiation and by contact with various fluids. Depending on the deterioration process, embrittlement or plasticization may occur, and the service life of the pipe can be severely reduced. In this work, the combined action of temperature and water upon the mechanical performance of polyamide 12 and high-density polyethylene pipes is evaluated. Destructive and non-destructive techniques were used and the performance of both materials was compared. Both polymers were platicized by the effect of water. However, for high density polyethylene the effect of temperature was more relevant than for polyamide. This behavior was attributed to the dependence of the free volume with the markedly different glass transition temperature of the polymers and the temperatures of testing.
DEFINING TERRITORIES IN AQUATIC PUBLIC SPACES: A CASE STUDY OF IJO MIGRANT FISHERMEN IN NIGERIA
Authors: Brisibe Warebi G.
Published: February 2021

This paper examines the issue of territoriality in aquatic public spaces and how it affects fishing rights amongst artisanal fishermen of Ijo ethnic origin, in the Niger Delta area of Nigeria. It focuses on how these fishermen view the concept of space and define territories with or without the play of architectural materiality and elements. The study adopts a qualitative approach using interviews, focus groups and oral history as methodologies. The findings show that although architecturally defined boundaries in form of markings or spatial demarcations are not common in the estuarine and riverine zones of the Niger Delta, they however exist. Often implied or expressed by actions indicative of territoriality, or even revealed through other anthropological symptoms.
Phrenology and Autodiegetic Narration in Jane Eyre
Authors: Haber Shelby Elizabeth
Published: February 2021

This paper examines how Charlotte Brontë's belief in phrenology influences the narration of her novel Jane Eyre. Phrenology was a nineteenth-century belief that the shape of the skull could give information about a person's temperament. Phrenologists speculated that the brain was split into separate parts, or faculties, that defined the individual's ability to feel a particular emotion. A bump on the skull implied that the faculty underneath that part of the skull was bigger, so the individual was more inclined to feel that emotion. By placing Jane Eyre within the historical context of the rise of phrenology, I explore the ways in which Brontë's phrenological representation of Jane's mind informs and parallels the autodiegetic narration of Jane Eyre. My analysis focuses on moments when Jane draws attention to the fact that she is a first-person narrator telling the story of her own past experiences. I argue that these moments are comparable to those when Jane’s experiencing-self is fractured into phrenological faculties. Concomitantly, I seek to trace how Jane's narration changes as she moves between the locations of Thornfield, the Moor House, and Ferndean. I suggest that the shifts in narration draw attention to these locations as metaphors for varying degrees of restriction on Jane's faculties. Through an application of nineteenth-century psychological studies, I conclude that Brontë uses her narration style to criticize phrenologists who promote an unnaturally restrictive control of the faculties.
DESAIN PENYELENGGARAAN PENYULUHAN MENDUKUNG PROGRAM KAWASAN PERTANIAN SEJAHTERA (SAPIRA) DI KABUPATEN PRINGSEWU PROVINSI LAMPUNG
Authors: Adriyani Fauziah Yulia
Published: February 2021

Pelaksanaan program pembangunan pertanian membutuhkan peran penyuluh sebagai pendamping yang memiliki kinerja baik. Akan tetapi, penyelenggaraan penyuluhan belum dirancang untuk mendukung pelaksanaan program pembangunan pertanian. Hal ini menyebabkan penyuluh sebagai ujung tombak dan pendamping yang berinteraksi langsung dengan sasaran dan pelaksana program, belum dapat bekerja dengan optimal. Berdasarkan potensi dan kendala yang dihadapi, Desain penyelenggaraan penyuluhan di Kabupaten Pringsewu pada tahap awal difokuskan pada peningkatan kemampuan pos penyuluhan pedesaan dan kelompok tani sebagai kelas belajar petani dalam upaya mengatasi kekurangan tenaga penyuluh serta meningkatkan kemampuan penyuluh dalam aspek manajemen. Selain sinergitas antar instansi dalam pelaksanaan program pembangunan pertanian juga diperlukan sinergitas metode penyuluhan yang digunakan.
PENDEKATAN PARTISIPATORI UNTUK STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN DESA PENYANGGA TAMAN HUTAN RAYA RADEN SOERJO
Authors: Wisnubroto Erwin Ismu , Jova Gerardus , Roni Yohanes
Published: February 2021

Daerah penyangga merupakan daerah yang berada pada batas kawasan hutan lindung dan merupakan kawasan yang berfungsi untuk melindungi hutan dari aktivitas manusia yang dapat mengganggu ekosistem hutan lindung dan taman nasional. Taman Hutan Raya (Tahura) Raden Soerjo merupakan salah satu kawasan lindung yang secara administratif berada pada beberapa Kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Beberapa permasalahan yang timbul pada kawasan desa penyangga Tahura Raden Soerjo berkaitan dengan pengelolaan kawasan pertanian dan sumberdaya hutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang alternatif strategi dan arahan pengembangan desa penyangga hutan di Tahura Raden Soerjo yang dapat mengurangi permasalahan pengelolaan sumberdaya hutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan partisipatif kepada stakeholder dan pakar terkait strategi pengembangan desa penyangga hutan yang berada di Desa Wiyurejo, Kecamatan Pujon, Kabupaten Malang. Penentuan sampel pada penelitian ini dilakukan secara purposive sampling, dan pengambilan data dilakukan sebagai input pada model MULTIPOL untuk merancang berbagai alternatif strategi pengembangan desa Wiyurejo sebagai daerah penyangga Tahura Raden Soerjo. Hasil penelitian ini mengajukan prioritas kebijakan/policy yang berfokus pada pertanian multifungsi dengan prioritas program kerja membangun kawasan agrowisata, perbaikan infrastruktur dan pengembangan sumberdaya manusia melalui pelatihan dan pendidikan terkait pertanian ramah lingkungan dan agrowisata berbasis edukasi pertanian dan lingkungan.
ANALISIS FINANSIAL DAN NILAI TAMBAH USAHA AGROFORESTRI KOPI PADA PROGRAM CSR PT INDONESIA POWER UP MRICA KABUPATEN BANJARNEGARA
Authors: Zain Faradis Alfi , Nurrochmat Dodik Ridho
Published: February 2021

Kegiatan pembudidayaan sayuran di wilayah hulu menjadi faktor utama penyumbang sedimentasi Waduk Panglima Besar Soedirman. Penanaman komoditas kopi melalui program Sekolah Lapang Konservasi dimaksudkan sebagai salah satu alternatif guna membenahi permasalahan ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalis kelayakan finansial usaha kopi pada berbagai pola agroforestri, menguji tingkat sensitivitas dari penurunan harga dan kenaikan biaya input terhadap keuntungan usaha, serta besaran nilai tambah dari setiap bentuk olahan buah kopi di Desa Leksana, Kecamatan Karangkobar, Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Berdasarkan perhitungan analisis finansial yang dilakukan menggunakan metode Discounted Cash Flow, usaha dengan pola agroforestri jambu, sengon, kopi arabika lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan pola agroforestri sengon, kopi robusta dan pola agroforestri sengon, kopi robusta pagar. Usaha agroforestri kopi di Desa Leksana lebih sensitif terhadap penurunan harga jual daripada kenaikan biaya produksi. Menurut perhitungan nilai tambah menggunakan metode Hayami, olahan produk kopi pada level roasted bean memberikan nilai tambah yang terbesar dibandingkan dengan produk olahan lainnya.

Kata kunci: agroforestri, analisis finansial, kopi, nilai tambah
Kontaminasi Merkuri (Hg) Pada Air Sungai, Air Sumur, Sedimen Dan Ikan Di Sungai Kuantan, Riau
Authors: Hasibuan Dwi Kartika Asih , Riani Etty , Anwar Syaiful
Published: February 2021

Illegal gold mining activities still frequently occur in the Kuantan River, which is one of the main rivers in the district of Kuantan Singingi, Riau. This activity causes environmental contamination of mercury (Hg). The objective of this research was to determine the contamination of Hg in river water, well water, sediment and fish (baung and kapiek) in the Kuantan River, Riau. Samples were taken at up, middle and downstreams of the Kuantan River. Mercury was analized by following APHA and Indonesian National Standard (SNI) methods. The results were compared with the quality standard of pollution. The results showed that average of Hg concentration in river water, well water, sediment and fish were 0,0325 mg/l, 0,0202 – 0,0231 mg/l, 0,2083 mg/kg, 0,1141 - 0,1224 mg/kg. Statistical analysis indicated that the concentration of Hg in river water, well water (middle and downstream) and sediment were above the quality standard, while in the samples of baung and kapiek were below the quality standard. Hg concentrations significantly increased from up to downstream locations in river water and sediment, Hg concentrations significantly increased in 2 community wells in middle and downstream locations, significant Hg concentration was found in kapiek caught in midstream locations, while there was no significantly at the Hg concentration of baung in the research location.
BIRDS DISTRIBUTION IN PT EKOSISTEM KHATULISTIWA LESTARI, KUBU RAYA REGENCY, WEST KALIMANTAN PROVINCE
Authors: Ardiansyah Iqbal Nur , Aryanti Nirmala Ayu , Ahmadi Hari
Published: February 2021

IUPHHK-RE PT Ekosistem Khatulistiwa Lestari is the habitat of various wildlife species, comprises of a restoration forest area surrounded by production forest and oil palm plantations. The threats of damages from illegal logging and land clearing activities tend to threaten the wildlife existence. Therefore, this study aims to determine the distribution and diversity of bird species in PT Ekosistem Khatulistiwa Lestari. The study was conducted from  January - February 2019, and  data collection was conducted using the IPA (Index Ponctualle deAbondance) method. Furthermore, data analysis used diversity index, evenness index, and species similarity with dendrogram analysis using SPSS 21. The results showed that the highest bird species were found in mangroves (32 species), old swamp scrubs (26 species), young swamp scrubs (24 species), plantations (13 species), and settlement (15 species) habitats. Meanwhile, the diversity index of bird species in the five habitat types is classified as medium diversity. Species evenness with the highest value is settlement (E = 0.93). The dendrogram image of the settlement area showed bird species, which can be found in the other four habitats.

 

Keywords: diversity, bird distribution, West Borneo, dendrogram
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca dengan Menggunakan Media Visual pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Ratni Ratni , Apriadi Raden
Published: February 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca dengan media visual pada siswa kelas V SD MT MaraqittaÃ¢â¬â¢limat Tunjung Biru. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan bentuk kolaborasi. Desain dalam penelitian ini menggunakan model Kemmis dan Mc. Taggart yang terdiri dari tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas V SD MT MaraqittaÃ¢â¬â¢limat Tunjung Biru yang berjumlah 13 siswa. Objek penelitian ini adalah meningkatkan kemampuan membaca dengan media visual. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode tes, observasi, dokumentasi dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media visual dapat meningkatkan kemampuan membaca siswa kelas V SD MT MaraqittaÃ¢â¬â¢limat Tunjung Biru dari segi proses maupun hasil. Pada siklus I, siswa masih ragu berpendapat, belum berani mengangkat tangan pada ingin memberikan pendapat, bertanya, dan maju ke depan kelas membaca. Dilihat dari hasil, dibuktikan dengan nilai rata- rata pra tindakan 30.77% meningkat pada siklus I 61.54%% dan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan sebesar 84.62%. Sedangkan hasil observasi kemampuan siswa pada siklus I sebesar 71.03%, meningkat pada siklus II 95.64%. Pada hasil observasi aktivitas siswa pada siklus I 68.72%, dan pada siklus II meningkat sebesar 70%.
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI MESOKARP SEMANGKA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIKOKIMIA DAN MIKROBIOLOGI WATER KEFIR SEMANGKA KUNING (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.))
Authors: Syalom Rhema Nafiri , Mulyani Sri , Legowo Anang M
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

 

Yellow watermelon (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)) is a kind of horticulture commodity that contains high water content. There are three parts of yellow watermelon, namely the outer part (exocarp), the middle part with white color (mesocarp), and the fruit flesh (endocarp) that the mesocarp often becomes waste of the consumption of yellow watermelon. One of the development innovations for yellow watermelon is to process it into fermented beverage such as water kefir using the mesocarp so that there is no waste material. This research aims to know the effect of mesocarp concentration on yellow watermelon water kefir physicochemical and microbiology characteristics. The method of research was using Completely Randomized Design with one factor (mesocarp concentration). Treatment variation which is utilized the 0% (v/v), 5% (v/v), 10% (v/v), 15% (v/v), and 20% (v/v) of mesocarp concentration. The research results show that the higher mesocarp concentration can increase the total of lactic acid and lactic acid bacteria, decrease the alcohol content and total of yeast, contribute to give antioxidants on water kefir, and mesocarp concentration does not have a real impact on viscosity.

 

Keywords: Mesocarp, Yellow Watermelon, Water Kefir

 

ABSTRAK

 

Semangka kuning (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.)) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura dengan kandungan air yang sangat tinggi. Pada semangka kuning terdapat tiga bagian yaitu bagian terluar (eksokarp), bagian tengah berwarna putih (mesokarp), dan daging buah (endokarp) yang mana dalam mengonsumsi semangka, mesokarp seringkali menjadi limbah. Inovasi pengolahan semangka kuning salah satunya dapat dijadikan minuman fermentasi water kefir dengan memanfaatkan mesokarp agar tidak menjadi bahan yang terbuang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi mesokarp terhadap karakteristik fisikokimia dan mikrobiologi water kefir semangka kuning. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan faktor tunggal (konsentrasi mesokarp). Variasi perlakuan yang digunakan adalah konsentrasi mesokarp 0% (v/v), 5% (v/v), 10% (v/v), 15% (v/v), dan 20% (v/v). Hasil penelitian menunjukan semakin tinggi konsentrasi mesokarp mampu meningkatkan total asam laktat dan total bakteri asam laktat, mampu menurunkan kadar alkohol dan total khamir, memberikan antioksidan pada water kefir, dan konsentrasi mesokarp tidak mempengaruhi viskositas.

 

Kata kunci: Mesokarp, Semangka Kuning, Water Kefir
EKSTRAKSI SENYAWA ANTIOKSIDAN BERUPA LIKOPEN DARI LIMBAH BUAH SEMANGKA DI PULAU LOMBOK
Authors: Hadi Taufikul , Jannah Wardatul
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT

 

Watermelon is one of the fruits that are in abundance in the dry season, especially on the island of Lombok. This abundant availability sometimes makes watermelons become waste. One way to take advantage of unsold watermelons so that they do not have to become waste is to extract the antioxidant compounds found in watermelons. The antioxidant compound found in watermelon is lycopene. Lycopene is an antioxidant compound that has many benefits, especially in controlling free radicals in the body. Also, lycopene is useful for preventing cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and, cancer. Lycopene extraction in watermelon fruit waste was carried out by the liquid-liquid method, using Hexane and Ethanol as a solvent with a ratio of 2:1. The purpose of this study was to determine the lycopene content in watermelon waste based on the ratio of feed and solvents (F/S), as well as time and temperature. The ratio of F/S used is 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 extraction temperature (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90) o C while the time used (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120) minutes. Based on the analysis using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry, it is known that the optimum conditions for lycopene content are in the F/S ratio of 1:4 at 70oC and 90 minutes. The lycopene content obtained was 3, 1595 mg/100gram.

 

Keywords: antioxidant, extraction, lycopene, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, watermelon

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Semangka merupakan salah satu buah-buahan yang stoknya melimpah di musim kemarau terutama di pulau Lombok. Ketersediaan yang melimpah tersebut terkadang membuat buah semangka menjadi limbah. Salah satu cara memanfaatkan buah semangka yang tidak laku terjual agar tidak harus menjadi limbah adalah dengan mengekstrak senyawa antioksidan yang terdapat pada buah semangka. Senyawa antioksidan yang terdapat pada buah semangka berupa Likopen. Likopen merupakan senyawa antioksidan yang memiliki banyak sekali manfaat terutama dalam mengendalikan radikal bebas dalam tubuh. Selain itu Likopen juga bermanfaat mencegah penyakit cardiovascular, kencing manis, hingga kanker. Ekstraksi Likopen pada limbah buah semnagka ini dilakukan dengan metode cair-cair, dengan menggunakan Heksana dan Ethanol sebagai pelarut (solvent) dengan jumlah perbandingan 2:1. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan likopen yang terdapat pada limbah buah semangka berdasarkan perbandingan bahan dan pelarut (F/S), serta waktu dan suhu. Adapun perbandingan F/S yang digunakan yaitu 1:1, 1;2, 1;3, 1:4, 1:5 suhu ekstraksi (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 dan 90)oC sedangkan waktu yang digunakan (30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 120). Berdasarkan hasil analisa dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometri UV-Vis diketahui bahwa kondisi optimum kandungan Likopen berada pada perbandingan F/S 1:4 pada suhu 700C dan waktu 90 menit. Kandungan Likopen yang didapatkan sebesar 3,1595 mg/100gram.

 

Kata kunci: antioksidan, ekstraksi, likopen, semangka, spectrofotometri UV-Vis