bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constant score in asymptomatic shoulders varies with different demographic populations: derivation of adjusted score equation
Authors: Gahlot Nitesh , Rai Ankit , Netaji Jeshwanth
Published: July 2022

Background: In the present study, the age- and sex-adjusted Constant score (CS) in a normal Indian population was calculated and any differences with other population cohorts assessed.Methods: The study participants were patients who visited the outpatient department for problems other than shoulder and healthy volunteers from the local population. Patients without shoulder pain/discomfort during activity were included in the study. Subjects with any problem that might affect shoulder function (e.g., cervical, thoracic spine, rib cage deformity, inflammatory arthritis) were excluded. Constant scoring of all participants was performed by trained senior residents under the supervision of the senior faculty. Shoulder range of movement and strength were measured following recommendations given by the research and Development Committee of the European Society for Shoulder and Elbow Surgery (2008). A fixed spring balance was used for strength measurement; one end was fixed on the floor and the other end tied with a strap to the wrist of the participant, arm in 90° abduction in scapular plane with palm facing down.Results: Among the 248 subjects (496 shoulders), the average age was 37 years (range, 18–78 years), 65.7% were males (326 shoulders) and 34.3% females (170 shoulders). The mean CS was 84.6±2.9 (males, 86.1±3.0; females, 81.8±2.9). CS decreased significantly after 50 years of age in males and 40 years of age in females (p<0.05). The mean CS was lower than in previous studies for both males and females. Heavy occupation workers had higher mean CS (p<0.05). A linear standardized equation was estimated for calculating the adjusted CS for any age.Conclusions: Mean CS and its change with age differed from previous studies among various population cohorts.
Horizontal instability after acromioclavicular joint reduction using the two-hole technique is preferred over the loop technique: a single-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Mardani-Kivi Mohsen , Asadi Kamran , Leili Ehsan Kazemnejad , Hashemi-Motlagh Keyvan , Izadi Amin , Pishgahpour Mona , Darabipour Zohre
Published: July 2022

Background: Most acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) injuries are caused by direct trauma to the shoulders, and various methods and techniques are used to treat them; however, none of the options can be considered the gold standard. This study examines the horizontal stability of the ACJ after a complete dislocation was repaired using one of two Ethibond suture techniques, the loop technique and the two holes in the clavicle technique.Methods: In this single-blind, randomized clinical trial, 104 patients diagnosed with complete ACJ dislocation type V were treated using Ethibond sutures with either the loop technique or the two holes in the clavicle technique. Horizontal changes in the ACJ were radiographically assessed in the lateral axial view, and shoulder function was evaluated by the Constant (CS) and Taft (TS) scores at intervals of 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.Results: The horizontal stability of the ACJ was better with the two-hole technique than the loop technique at all measurement times. CS and TS changes showed a significant upward trend over time with both techniques. The mean CS and TS at the final visit were 95.2 and 11.6 with the loop technique and 94.0 and 11.9 with the two-hole technique, respectively. The incidence of superficial infections caused by the subcutaneous pins was the same in the two groups.Conclusions: Due to the improved ACJ stability with the two-hole technique, it appears to be a more suitable option than the loop technique for AC joint reduction.
A modified method of augmented distal clavicle fracture osteosynthesis with a Fibertape coracoclavicular cerclage
Authors: Wu ChengHan , Teo Timothy Wei Wen , Wee Andy Teck Huat , Toon Dong Hao
Published: July 2022

Background: Unstable distal clavicles experience high non-union rates, prompting surgeons to recommend surgery for more predictable outcomes. There is a lack of consensus on the optimal method of surgical fixation, with an array of techniques described in the literature. We describe an alternative method of fixation involving the use of a distal clavicular anatomical locking plate with Fibertape cerclage augmentation in our series of patients.Methods: Nine patients (8 males and 1 female), with a mean age of 36 years, who sustained unstable fracture of the distal clavicle in our institution were treated with our described technique. Postoperative range of motion, functional and pain scores, and time to radiographic union were measured over a mean follow-up period of 10 months. Incidences of postoperative complications were also recorded.Results: At the last patient consult, the mean visual analog scale score was 0.88±0.35, with a mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score of 1.46±0.87 and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score of 94.1±3.57. The mean range of motion achieved was forward flexion at 173°±10.6°, abduction at 173°±10.6°, and external rotation at 74.4°±10.5°. All patients achieved internal rotation at a vertebral height of at least L2 with radiographical union at a mean of 10 weeks. No removal of implants was required.Conclusions: Our described technique of augmented fixation of the distal clavicle is effective, produces good clinical outcomes, and has minimal complications.
Carcinoma de células escamosas do tipo Basalóide: um relato de caso raro
Authors: Lima Cynd Lamas , Montenegro Clarissa Rodrigues , Pires Vitória Regina de Aquino , Polignano Giovanni Augusto Castanheira
Published: July 2022

O carcinoma de células escamosas é responsável por 95% das lesões malignas orais e possui como origem o epitélio de revestimento bucal, tendo como principais fatores de risco: tabagismo, alcoolismo, exposição excessiva ao sol sem proteção, desnutrição, entre outros. Para prevenir seu aparecimento, é necessário evitar hábitos nocivos, além disso, o autoexame é extremamente relevante para o diagnóstico precoce da lesão, possibilitando um tratamento imediato e consequentemente um prognóstico mais favorável. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso clínico vivenciado na Clínica- Escola do Unifeso, de uma lesão que de acordo com o laudo histopatológico foi diagnosticado uma forma rara e agressiva de câncer, o Carcinoma de Células Escamosas do tipo basalóide, que ocorre com maior frequência no trato aerodigestivo superior. Essa lesão é um subtipo do carcinoma de células escamosas e seu prognóstico depende do estadiamento da lesão e condições clínicas do paciente no momento do diagnóstico, tendo um tempo médio de 23 meses de sobrevida. Com isso, o tratamento de escolha foi o cirúrgico, seguido de radioterapia e radioquimioterapia.
Foscolo e i suoi editori, tra letteratura, giornalismo e riflessione critica
Authors: Ravera Giulia
Published: July 2022

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Structural parameters of woody elements in Sangla Valley of Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Bawa Rajan , Sankhyan Hari , Negi H.
Published: July 2022

The present investigation was undertaken to study the structural parameters of woody elements in Sangla valley of district Kinnaur, Himachal Pradesh. Dominant, Co-dominant and associated species in each transect (12) were worked out in accordance to their IVI values. Study concluded that the occurrence of overall dominating species were Cedrus deodara, with Betula utilis as the co-dominating and Juniperus recurva as the associated species. The study is helpful in developing a strong data base for estimating the present status of woody element diversity.
Linguistic Neutrosophic Semi-Connectedness and Semi-Compactness
Authors:   Nirmala College for Women, Coimbatore,Tamilnadu, India., Gayathri N , Helen M ,   Nirmala College for Women, Coimbatore,Tamilnadu, India.
Published: July 2022

The notions of semi-connectedness and semi-compactness in linguistic neutrosophic topological space are presented and some of their properties are discussed in this study. Further, the idea of linguistic neutrosophic semi-compact space is instigated and investigated.
Application of Neutrosophic Techniques for the Selection of the in-Hospital Triage System
Authors:   Regional Autonomous University of the Andes (UNIANDES), Ambato, Ecuador, Barragán María , Montenegro Raúl ,   Regional Autonomous University of the Andes (UNIANDES), Ambato, Ecuador, C María ,   Regional Autonomous University of the Andes (UNIANDES), Ambato, Ecuador
Published: July 2022

Multicriteria decision problems are present in all branches of life and present a high degree of complexity in determining a feasible solution. In the public health sector, decisions are even more delicate because they work not only with the direct influence of human needs but also with limited financial resources. Saturation in hospital emergency services occurs when the need identified exceeds the resources available for patient care in the emergency unit. One of the elements of primary regulatory effect on saturation levels in emergency services is undoubtedly an adequate triage system. The present study presents the application of multicriteria evaluation techniques as a method for the best selection of different types of triage according to certain pre-established parameters of interest. For them, we rely on a method that combines the TODIM and PROMETHEE methods to obtain the results. In addition, the neutrosophic single value sets based on the neutrosophic logic are used so that the indeterminate and inconsistent information typical of the real world can be adequately handled. The application of the method used demonstrates the efficiency of this kind of method in solving complex problems in real life and in different fields of society, particularly
Compensatory Fuzzy Logic with Single Valued Neutrosophic Numbers in the Analysis of University Strategic Management
Authors:   Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES), Ecuador, Ricardo Jesús E. ,   Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES), Ecuador,   Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes (UNIANDES), Ecuador, Fernández Ariel J. R. Fern� , Vázquez Maikel Y. L. V�
Published: July 2022

In today's university management, it is necessary to promote synchronous leadership as a strategy in the current environment deteriorated by the crisis caused by Covid-19. Therefore, the need to diagnose the strategic management of a higher education institution in Quito, Ecuador, which applies synchronous leadership in university management as part of a course project for business engineering students, is exposed as a problem situation. Consequently, it is stated as a specific objective: to carry out the strategic analysis through the SWOT matrix, applying compensatory fuzzy logic in its neutrosophic version for its processing. The results indicate that the institution must draw up strategies to better face the threats of the environment and take advantage of the opportunities.
On the Structure of Number of Neutrosophic Clopen Topological Space
Authors:   Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, INDIA, Basumatary Jili ,   Department of Mathematical Sciences, Bodoland University, Kokrajhar, INDIA,   Laboratory of Information Processing, Faculty of Science Ben M’Sik, University Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco ;Regional Center for the Professions of Education and Training, Casablanca-Settat, Morocco, Basumatary Bhimraj , Broumi Said
Published: July 2022

Let X be a finite set having n elements. The formula for giving the number of topologies T(n) is still not obtained. If the number of elements n of a finite set is small, we can compute it by hand. However, the difficulty of finding the number of the topology increases when n becomes large. A topology describes how elements of a set are spatially related to each other, and the same set can have different topologies. Studying this particular area is also a highly valued part of the topology, and this is one of the fascinating and challenging research areas. Note that the explicit formula for finding the number of topologies is undetermined till now, and many researchers are researching this particular area. This paper is towards the formulae for finding the number of neutrosophic clopen topological spaces having two, three, four, and five open sets. In addition, some properties related to formulae are determined.
N-Cylindrical Fuzzy Neutrosophic Sets
Authors:   Research Scholar, Catholicate College, Pattanamthitta, Kerala, India.  ORCID ID-0000-0002-0050-6218, R Sarannya Kumari ,   Principal (Professor  Dean of Research), Jyothi College of Engineering, Thrissur, Kerala,India. ORCID ID-0000-0002-0680-1031,   Department of Mathematics, Providence College of Engineering, Alappuzha, Kerala, India,   Department of Mathematics, University of New Mexico 705 Gurley Ave. Gallup, NM 87301, USA. ORCID ID-0000-0002-5560-5926, Kalayathankal Sunny , George Mathews , Smarandache Florentin
Published: July 2022

In this paper, we introduce a new type of fuzzy Neutrosophic set called n-Cylindrical fuzzy Neutrosophic set (n-CyFNS), with I as independent neutrosophic component. The n-CyFNS can be claimed as the largest extension of fuzzy sets. In n-CyFNS, the degree of positive, neutral and negative membership functions are satisfying the condition, 0≤ βA(x) ≤1 and 0≤ αA n(x) + γAn(x) ≤ 1, 1, is an integer. Also the distance between two n- CyFNS and its properties are also defined. Along with basic operations on n- CyFNSs, we put forward two concepts-Neutrosophic affinity degree Neutrosophic similarity index which is used to compare and correlate n-CyFNSs respectively. A comparison is made in the n-CyFNS environment using the existing correlation measures to check its reliability.
Removing Powerline Interference from EEG Signal using Optimized FIR Filters
Authors:   Electronics and Communications Engineering Dep., Faculty of Engineering, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa City, Mansoura, Egypt, Saber Mohamed
Published: July 2022

The Electroencephalography (EEG) is a signal representing the electrical activity of the brain and is used in the diagnosis of brain diseases. The EEG signal is weak and highly prone to noise from the powerline which generates a sinusoidal signal with the main frequency of 5060 Hz. Therefore, three harmonics of powerline noise must be removed using notch filters for a perfect diagnosis which requires three series notch filters. This paper presents a new method to design a digital notch finite impulse response (FIR) filter using a modified particle swarm optimization technique. The proposed method provides a short length, maximum stopband attenuation, and small transition width compared to different algorithms which results in removing the noise in EEG signal efficiently.
Main forms, types and directions of international cooperation in pre-trial criminal proceedings
Authors: Клевцов Кирилл Константинович
Published: July 2022

В статье предпринята попытка дать общую характеристику основных форм, видов и направлений международного взаимодействия государств в досудебном производстве по уголовным делам, в результате чего сформирована теоретико-методологическая модель такого взаимодействия. В ходе подготовки работы были использованы философские (диалектический материализм), общенаучные (синтез, анализ, индукция и дедукция) и специально-юридические (юридическая герменевтика и сравнительно-правовой) методы. Автором доказано, что в ходе сотрудничества в сфере уголовной юстиции реализуются две формы - договорно-правовая и институциональная. При этом обозначаются такие виды взаимодействия в ходе досудебного производства по уголовным делам, как выдача лиц для уголовного преследования (экстрадиция), оказание взаимной правовой помощи и передача уголовного преследования (судопроизводства). Кроме того, определены и направления сотрудничества по уголовным делам, которые задаются политикой конкретного государства. В качестве эмпирической базы исследования выступили материалы проверок сообщений о преступлениях и уголовных дел с так называемым иностранным элементом в период 2008-2021 гг.

The article gives a general description of the main forms, types and directions of international interaction between states in pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases and forms a theoretical and methodological model of such interaction. During the preparation of the work, the author used philosophical (dialectical materialism), general scientific (synthesis, analysis, induction and deduction) and special legal (legal hermeneutics and comparative legal) methods. The author proves that in the course of cooperation in the field of criminal justice, two forms are implemented - contractual and institutional. At the same time, such types of interaction are indicated in the course of pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases, such as the extradition of persons for criminal prosecution (extradition), the provision of mutual legal assistance and the transfer of criminal prosecution (legal proceedings). In addition, the article also defines the areas of cooperation in criminal cases, which are set by the policy of a particular state. The empirical basis of the study was the materials of inspections of reports of crimes and criminal cases with the so-called foreign element in the period 2008-2021.
Analysis of the shortcomings of interrogation of the suspect and the accused, making it difficult to identify false testimony
Authors: Рахимов Артем Ибрагимович
Published: July 2022

Статья посвящена одному из самых сложных видов допроса - допросу подозреваемого и обвиняемого. Как показывает практика, наибольшим качеством и объёмом информации о расследуемом событии располагает лицо, непосредственно причастное к его совершению, но следователю в этом случае приходится проводить допрос в условиях конфликтной ситуации, когда ему противостоит человек, который пытается скрыть или исказить имеющиеся у него сведения. Вместе с тем следственная и судебная практика показывает, что далеко не все следователи уделяют должное внимание полноценной подготовке к проведению этого следственного действия. Актуальность статьи обусловлена необходимостью проведения современных криминалистических исследований, связанных с производством допросов в условиях противодействия со стороны допрашиваемых, и внедрения современных методов получения скрываемой ими криминалистически значимой информации. В статье проведён анализ 62 протоколов допросов подозреваемых и обвиняемых по уголовным делам о преступлениях, предусмотренных ст. 105, ч. 4 ст. 111, ст. 131 и ст. 132 УК РФ, и определены проблемные факторы, которые затрудняют последующее выявление ложных показаний. Рассмотрены тактические приёмы допроса и предложен ряд дополнительных рекомендаций, способствующих более эффективному изобличению допрашиваемых лиц во лжи.

The article is devoted to one of the most difficult types of interrogation - interrogation of the suspect and the accused. As practice shows, the most quality and volume of information about the investigated event has a person directly involved in its commission, but the investigator in this case has to conduct an interview in a conflict situation, when he opposes the person who is trying to conceal or distort the available information. However, investigative and judicial practice shows that not all investigators pay proper attention to full preparation for this investigative action. Topicality of the article due to the need to conduct modern forensic research related to the production of interrogation in conditions of opposition from the interrogated and the introduction of modern methods of obtaining hidden criminalistically significant information. The article analyzes 62 protocols of interrogations of suspects and accused in criminal cases of crimes under Art. 105, Part 4 of Art. 111, Art. 131 and Art. 132 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and identifies the problem factors that hinder further identification of false testimony. The author examines the tactical methods of interrogation and offers a number of additional recommendations contributing to a more effective exposure of interrogated persons to lies.
Institute of bankruptcy: civil law and criminal law aspects
Authors: Голоскоков Леонид Викторович
Published: July 2022

В статье исследован институт банкротства с позиций гражданского и уголовного права. Рассмотрены проблемы банкротства на грани преступного, криминальные аспекты банкротства, обстоятельства, его порождающие, отдельные вопросы судебной практики и методические рекомендации по выявлению и пресечению преступлений в исследуемой сфере. Предложены общие подходы к решению проблемы.

The article explores the institution of bankruptcy from the standpoint of civil and criminal law. The author considers the problems of bankruptcy on the verge of criminal, criminal aspects of bankruptcy, the circumstances of its generating, individual issues of judicial practice and methodological recommendations for the detection and suppression of crimes in the studied sector, and also offers general approaches to solving the problem.
Criminological characteristics of serial murders
Authors: Пимакова Ольга Геннадьевна , Волкова Валерия Руслановна
Published: July 2022

Феномен серийных убийств на протяжении последних ста лет привлекает особое внимание ученых всего мира, в том числе в области судебной психиатрии, психологии, криминологии, виктимологии и других наук. Данные преступления всегда признаются резонансными, так как характеризуются особой жестокостью, агрессией и держат общество в страхе. Отсутствие развернутых характеристик серийных убийств подчеркивает их высокую степень латентности. Цель статьи - анализ и описание свойств, закономерностей, причин и условий совершения преступлений данного характера, а также свойств личности преступника. Методологическую основу исследования составляет диалектический метод научного познания, отражающий взаимосвязь теории и практики. При подготовке работы использовались также следующие частнонаучные методы: биографический - изучение личностных качеств серийных убийц, статистический анализ - оценка количественно-качественных признаков серийных преступлений, анализ документов - использование информации, зафиксированной на бумажном и электронном носителе. В статье рассматриваются вопросы криминологической характеристики серийных убийств: анализируется понятие серийных убийств, рассматриваются количественно-качественные показатели, определяются основные детерминанты, изучается виктимологический аспект.

The phenomenon of serial murders over the past hundred years has attracted the special attention of scientists around the world, including in the field of forensic psychiatry, psychology, criminology, victimology and other sciences. These crimes are always recognized as resonant, as they are characterized by special cruelty, aggression and keep society in fear. The lack of detailed characteristics of serial kills emphasizes their extremely high degree of latency. The purpose of the article is to analyze and describe the properties, laws, causes and conditions of committing crimes of this nature, as well as the properties of the person of the offender. The methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of scientific knowledge, which reflects the relationship between theory and practice. The following private scientific methods were also used: biographical - the study of the personal qualities of serial killers, statistical analysis - the assessment of quantitative and qualitative signs of serial crimes, document analysis - the use of information recorded on paper and electronic media. The authors consider issues of criminological characterization of serial murders: the concept of serial murders is analyzed, quantitative and qualitative indicators are considered, the main determinants are determined, the victimological aspect is studied.
Economic efficiency of the contract system in the field of procurement of goods, works, and services for public needs
Authors: Перов Валерий Александрович , Шибанова Анна Анатольевна
Published: July 2022

В современной экономике контрактная система в сфере государственных закупок является неотъемлемым элементом управления государственными финансами и другими ресурсами общественного сектора и экономики, а также призвана выполнять не только функции обеспечения общественных потребностей, но и функции государственного регулирования экономических процессов. С целью повышения результативности и экономичности бюджетных расходов, реализуемых в рамках государственных закупок, на разных уровнях государственного управления обозначена задача разработать показатели оценки экономической эффективности государственных закупок. Описанные ранее отечественными и зарубежными авторами методики подобных расчетов и результаты их критического анализа заслуживают внимания, однако целесообразность их соблюдения и применения в практической деятельности государственными заказчиками и контролирующими органами неоднозначны ввиду присущих им недостатков. Разработанные и представленные в данной статье универсальные показатели и коэффициенты оценки экономической эффективности государственных закупок позволяют после проведения простых арифметических действий сформулировать обоснованные выводы. Результаты проведенного исследования представляют как теоретический, так и практический интерес для экономистов, юристов, сотрудников контрактных служб, руководителей государственных учреждений и других специалистов.

In the modern economy, the contract system in the field of public procurement is an integral element of the management of public finances and other resources of the public sector and the economy, and is also designed to perform not only the functions of meeting public needs, but also the functions of state regulation of economic processes. In order to increase the efficiency and economy of budget expenditures implemented in the framework of public procurement, the task is to develop indicators for assessing the economic efficiency of public procurement at different levels of public administration. The methods of such calculations described earlier by domestic and foreign authors and the results of their critical analysis deserve attention, but the expediency of their compliance and application in practice by state customers and regulatory authorities are not unambiguous due to their inherent shortcomings. The universal indicators and coefficients for assessing the economic efficiency of public procurement developed and presented in this article make it possible to formulate reasonable conclusions after simple arithmetic operations. The results of the conducted research are of both theoretical and practical interest to economists, lawyers, contract service employees, heads of state institutions and other specialists.
Antidiabetika: Mögliche Auswirkungen auf die Augen und Relevanz für das Tragen von Kontaktlinsen
Authors: Doughty Michael J.
Published: July 2022

Purpose. To asses what information on ocular effects of anti- diabetes medications are provided in medicines prescribing information, and whether or not any current guidelines actu- ally mention contact lens wear. Material and Methods. Medicines directories and patient information leaflets (PILs) for 28 diabetes medicines (insulin and various oral hypoglycaemic drugs) were searched for any information on possible ocular effects. A PubMed search was also undertaken on the medicines in relation to ocular side effects. Results. Almost all information sources examined included notes that a change in vision after taking anti-diabetes med- ications could indicate inadequate glucose control. The use of all diabetic medications can result in mild to moderate allergic reactions that could involve the conjunctiva, eyelids and eyelashes. A possible adverse effect of use of older oral hypoglycaemics (such as the sulfonylureas and acarbose) is a warning to patients of possible ‘yellowing of the eyes’ and of the skin. In the vast majority of published studies identified, almost no information has been provided on the oral anti- diabetes medications being used so it is essentially unknown if diabetic medications per se can have adverse effects on the cornea and conjunctiva. However, the information search (in both medical directories, PILs) revealed nothing in relation to contact lens wear and/or that there should be any obvious caution in prescribing contact lenses to diabetic patients. Conclusion. Information indicating that contact lens wear is potentially problematic is not obviously included in medicines directories, so contact lens wear can offer a viable option for vision correction in diabetics. Keywords Diabetes, medication, contact lens wear
Verändern MKH-Prismen den binokularen Vorteil beim Lesen?
Authors: Joss Joëlle , Jainta Stephanie
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Reading with both eyes comes with a binocular advantage (shorter total reading times and fixation durations in binocular compared to monocular reading), which results from binocular fusional processes. Binocular advantages in reading typically vary with the amount of individual, horizontal heterophoria and thus, we investigated whether prismatic lenses (measured with the MCH method and worn to com- pensate any heterophoria) have a short- or long-term effect on binocular advantages when reading. Material and Methods. We measured the binocular eye movements (Eyelink II) of 54 participants with individual horizontal heterophoria when reading a total of 120 Ger- man-language sentences (1) monocularly, (2) binocularly, (3) binocularly with disparity (corresponding to an MCH prism), and (4) binocularly with disparity after 6 months. In the 6-month interval between measurements (3) and (4), 29 participants wore glasses with prismatic corrections, while 25 participants were considered the control group. Results. Our data showed a clear, significant advantage for binocular reading on all participants. A short-term, individual disparity (analogous to an MCH prism) did not alter this result. An additional tendency towards a greater binocular advan- tage in the “prism group” compared to the “control group” was only observed after using a prismatic lens for 6 months. Additionally, saccade disconjugacy increased slightly and the objective fixation disparity decreased significantly. Conclusion. Individual prismatic corrections (MCH) had an effect on some aspects of the binocular coordination during reading and increased the binocular advantage in our het- erophoric participants after 6 months of wearing prismatic corrections. This delayed effect on fusion during reading is new and calls for further research. Keywords binocular advantage, horizontal heterophoria, binocular vision, reading, binocular coordination
EvoTears – LipoNit: Vergleich zweier lipidhaltiger Präparate
Authors: Wegmann Fabian , Köchli Marion , Müller-Treiber Andrea
Published: July 2022

Purpose. Rewetting solutions and eye sprays are getting more popular recently and are available in many different compositions. They promise to help against symptoms of dry eyes. This study tries to determine if the eye drops EvoTears, which contains lipids, helps better against symptoms of dry eyes as the liposomal eye spray LipoNit. Material and Methods. Both preparations were tested on a total of 23 subjects (11 female, 12 male, age 33 years ± 13.8 years, 23 – 60 years). In a single-blinded, balanced, rand- omized and prospective cross- over study, according to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, the subjective sensation as well as objective findings of dry eye were de- termined and evaluated in each case before dispensing and after a one-week application of the respective preparation. For the subjective determination the OSDI questionnaire was used. Objectively, lipid layer thickness was determined and evaluated using Polaris device (BON), as well as tear meniscus height and noninvasive tear film break-up using Oculus Keratograph. After one week of application of the respective preparations, the subjective and objective findings before and after application were compared. Furthermore, in an additional questionnaire, each subject was able to assign points for the simplicity of application as well as points for the subjective improvement of dry eyes of both preparations. Results. The difference of the findings in both products in between the week of usage were 0 in all four findings (OSDI, NIKBUT, meniscus height, lipid layer thickness). This means that both of the investigated Liquids have more or less the same impact on dry eyes. Further, this study statistically proves that EvoTears significantly reduces the OSDI Score after using (p-value 0,0403). There is a tendency that Evo- Tears also improves the thickness of the lipid layer, although it is almost statistically significant (p-value 0,0708). All the other findings were statistically not significant. Most of the participants felt the handling of LipoNit much easier com- pared to EvoTears. However, EvoTears had a slightly bigger impact on subjective feeling. Conclusion. In this study, EvoTears and LipoNit were found to have similar effects on dry eye. A statistically significant difference existed only in the OSDI questionnaire (decrease OSDI score) in combination with EvoTears. In principle, the results obtained could be attributed to the short applica- tion period of one week, the small number of subjects or a non-compliance. In addition, only participants with moderate dry eyes were examined. Despite all this, the subjective dry eye symptoms decreased with both agents. Keywords Rewetting solution, ophthalmic sprays, dry eyes, EvoTears, LipoNit, OSDI questionnaire
Prävalenz der Myopie von Kindern und Erwachsenen in Europa und Nordamerika
Authors: Berke Andreas
Published: July 2022

Purpose. The prevalence of myopia varies highly between different ethnic groups. Especially in East and Southeast Asia the prevalence of myopia is very high. In addition to ethnic factors, the prevalence of myopia is determined by genetic factors. The aim of the literature review is to determine the prevalence of myopia among children and adults of Caucasian origin in Europe and North America. Material and Methods. A systematic literature review was performed for the prevalence of myopia in Europe, Middle East, North America, and Australia. For the evaluation of the results, the methodological requirements of an epidemiologi- cal study of myopia prevalence were formulated. A threshold of -0.50 D and retinoscopy should be standard. Results. The prevalence of myopia is not increased among Caucasians with 30 % from a statistical point of view. In children, the prevalence of myopia can be assumed to be 15 %. The risk of myopia is increased threefold in children with myopic parents compared to children with nonmyopic pa- rents. Refraction determination with autorefractometers and omission of cycloplegia leads to a significant overestimation of the prevalence of myopia. Conclusion. An increase in myopia prevalence can not ne- cessarily be inferred from the observed prevalence of 30% among Caucasians. A reliable determination of myopia pre- valence requires standardized examination methods and thresholds for myopia. Keywords myopia, ethnicity, genetics, children, prevalence
A model of a queuing system with a base stock policy and two supply sources
Authors: Mirzayev R.R.
Published: July 2022

We propose a Markov model of a two-source queuing-inventory system with an (S-1,S) inventory control policy. Replenishments from different sources are carried out with different delays. If the inventory level falls to a certain threshold value, an emergency order to the fast source is instantly generated, with the fast source being expensive. Events occur in the system, as a result of which the inventory level instantly decreases. The ergodicity conditions of the system under study are found, its stationary distribution is calculated and formulas for finding and optimizing its characteristics are proposed.
Evaluation of Liver Changes in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients using Computed Tomography
Authors: Ashfaq Nayyar , John Akash , Ali Abid , Sharif Bhatti Amina , Qaiser Hateem
Published: July 2022

There is an association between hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver, and diabetes mellitus. Diabetic patients commonly have fatty liver and heart problems. Objective: To evaluate the adverse effects of diabetes on the liver, and to determine the association between diabetes and metabolic associated fatty liver disease using Computed Tomography. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted on 50 diabetic patients using convenient sampling method. The research was carried out in CT Department of Radiology of Tertiary care hospital in Gujranwala, Pakistan. Males and females between the ages of 30-80 who had undergone abdominal CT scans were included in this study. A written consent form was also signed by patients. This study was conducted over 4 months from December 2021 to March 2022. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: The current study revealed that male diabetic patients have more chances to have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease 33(66%) than females 17(34%). The diabetic patients of in senior age group (50-60) years were most commonly affected by 27(54%) with metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. According to findings diabetic patients frequently had fatty liver disease 22(44%) and fatty liver disease along with cardiovascular disease was 11(22%). Some other findings with less occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were hypertension and hyperlipidemia 7(14%). Conclusion: In conclusion, diabetic patients are more common to be related with fatty liver disease. There was strong connection between diabetes mellitus and fatty liver disease. Elderly patients are more commonly affected.
Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders Among Low to High Mileage Non-Occupational Car Drivers in City Faisalabad
Authors: Ahmad Jawad , Khalid Amna , Aamir Aatiqa , Zia Huma , Younis Khadija
Published: July 2022

Musculoskeletal discomfort has been reported among the non-occupational car drivers covering low to high mileage to reach their jobs or other destinations. Domestic driving, driving to reach the job, social driving, and driving for leisure activities is also found to cause discomfort among people. This can affect their daily life activities and socioeconomic status. Objective: The purpose for which this study was conducted was to find out the musculoskeletal problems that could possibly arise among the common population of car drivers and among them the problem with highest ratio, due to various contributing risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in city Faisalabad among non-occupational drivers in which 192 drivers including both males and females were enrolled with age limit from 18 to 60 years. Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire was used to evaluate the pain in various areas of body in non-occupational drivers. Results: The results showed that the highest affected area was backache. There was 41% small back pain in last twelve months and 38% in last seven days among non-occupational car drivers. Conclusion: Low back pain was highest to be discovered in the time period of last 12 months and also in the last week as compared to other areas of body.
Frequency of Uterine Leiomyomas in Multipara Women
Authors: Latif Fatima , John Akash , Ali Abid , Afsar Rehan , Ashfaq Iqra
Published: July 2022

Fibroids are typically well-defined solid masses that have a convoluted appearance. These are generally echogenic like the myometrium, though sometimes they can indeed be hypoechoic. Objective: To determine the incidence of uterine leiomyomas in multipara women in Gujranwala, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the diagnostic department of radiology (DHQ/Teaching Hospital, Gujranwala). The study lasted for three months, from February 24, 2022, to May 24, 2022. A total of 140 people participated in the research after written informed consent. 140 multiparous women with uterine fibroids were included between the mentioned dates. The examination of the patients included pelvic ultrasonography with a full bladder. Results: This survey consisted of 140 multiparous women. 100 (64.1%) of 140 females having fibroid uterus who reported to the gynaecology department exhibited submucosal fibroids, 33 (21.2%) contained intramural fibroids, and 23 (14.7%) of them had subserosal fibroids. Fibroids with 127 (81.4%) in the anterior and 29 (18.6%) in the posterior were observed. Menstrual inconsistency was the most prevalent clinical presentation of reported cases, featuring menorrhagia in 105 (75%) patients, polymenorrhagia in 24 (17.1%) patients, and abdominal discomfort in 44 (31.4%) patients, and urinary frequency in 29 (27.9%) women. A total of 47 (33.6%) of the females had a family background of uterine fibroids. Conclusion: Submucosal fibroids are the most abundant, followed by intramural and subserosal fibroids, with pedunculated fibroids being the least frequent. The anterior part of the uterus is the most probable site of fibroid emergence. Menorrhagia was the most prevalent symptom.
Evaluation of Hydrocephalus and its Types on Computed Tomography
Authors: Sharif Bhatti Amina , John Akash , Ali Abid , Nasir Urwa , Ashfaq Nayyar , Akram Mahnoor
Published: July 2022

Hydrocephalus is the buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain. The extra fluid exerts pressure on the brain. It can be due to genetic issues, Head trauma, infection, stroke, tumors, and bleeding in the brain. Objective: To evaluate hydrocephalus and its type on Computed Tomography. Methods: The study was conducted in a Govt sector tertiary care hospital of tehsil Kharian,  district Gujrat, Pakistan. The data was collected from December 2021 to March 2022 using convenient sampling technique. A sample size of 70 patients was considered as per convenience. The patients of hydrocephalus who undergo brain scan plain were included.  The data was collected after informed consent. Data were entered and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: This study revealed that females 40(57.1%) were more likely to have hydrocephalus than males 30(42.9%). The common age group having hydrocephalus was 1-10years 23(32.9%). The most frequent finding evaluated was non-communicating hydrocephalus 36(51.4%). The most common effects in hydrocephalus was congenital dilatation of the third ventricle and two lateral ventricles 40(57.1%). Conclusion: In conclusion, CT is the best modality for diagnosing hydrocephalus in children as well as in elders. CT is a useful imaging method for visualizing congenital hydrocephalus.
Improving Differentiable Neural Architecture Search with Sparse Connections and Model Pruning
Authors:   Technical University of Munich, Bezirganyan Grigor , Akarmazyan Hayk ,   Hayk
Published: July 2022

Neural networks have contributed to many breakthroughs across several disciplines. Their ease of use and scalability have motivated the development of many techniques in computer vision, natural language processing, audio analysis, etc. The neural network architecture plays a dominant role in its performance, and there have been many advances on designs and strategies for defining efficient neural networks. However, manually tuning neural architectures requires a significant amount of time and expert knowledge. To overcome the difficulty of manually setting up the architecture for a neural network, Neural Architecture Search (NAS) has gained popularity. NAS methods involve three general dimensions, namely search space, search strategies, and performance estimation strategies [1]. Different approaches vary in these dimensions.
Analisis Fiqh Syāfi’iyah Terhadap Pemakaian Obat Untuk Mempercepat Haid Dalam Masa ‘Iddah
Authors: Faisal
Published: July 2022

Kemajuan teknologi di bidang medis telah mampu ditangani dengan cara menunda atau memajukan saat haid dengan bantuan obat hormonal. Pada umumnya kaum wanita lebih sering menunda haidnya untuk aktifitas tertentu. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan untuk mengatur siklus haid adalah dengan memakai obat. Identik dengan masalah haid, maka salah satu hal yang tidak biasa dilepaskan dari masalah darah haid adalah masalah ‘iddah. Menurut Analisis Fiqh Syāfi’iyyah mengenai masa ‘iddah  seorang wanita yang ditalak cerai suaminya sedang ia masih mengalami haid dan tidak hamil mempunyai masa ‘iddah tiga kali quru'. Namun dengan kemajuan teknologi seseorang dapat meringkas masa ‘iddahnya yang semula tiga kali quru' itu diperkirakan selama tiga bulan menjadi kurang dari tiga bulan. Maka oleh karena itu penulis tertarik untuk membuat penelitian dengan judul “Analisis Fiqh Syāfi’iyah Terhadap Pemakaian Obat Untuk Mempercepat Haid Dalam Masa ‘Iddah”. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kepustakaan (library research). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pemakaian obat perangsang dan pencegah haid terhadap siklus haid adalah terjadinya gangguan haid pada wanita serta kelainan siklus haid akibat efek kontrasespsi hormonal, yaitu, pil, suntik, susuk dan AKDR, disebabkan adanya ketidak seimbangan hormon di dalam sistem reproduksi wanita. Efek yang ditimbulkan kontrasepsi hormonal terhadap daur haid wanita adalah; Hipermenor (darah haid dalam jumlah banyak), Hipomenore (darah haid dalam jumlah sedikit), polimenor (siklus haid memendek), Oligomenore (siklus haid memenjang), Amnore (tidak sama sekali), Metroragia (pendarahan di luar haid). Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa menurut Fiqh Syāfi’iyah pemakaian obat  perangsang dan pencegah haid untuk mempercepat masa ‘iddah  adalah makruh. Darah yang keluar di luar siklusnya disebabkan oleh obat-obatan menurut pendapat yang kuat di kalangan ulama, darah tersebut tidak dinamakan darah haid. Adapun masa ‘iddah  tidak dikatakan berlalu disebabkan haid tersebut.
Garanti Sözleşmesinin Geçerlilik Koşulları
Authors: ATAOĞLU Sinem
Published: July 2022

Garanti sözleşmesi Kanun’da düzenlenmemiş bir şahsi teminat sözleşmesidir. Verilen şahsi teminatın niteliğinin belirlenmesi önemlidir çünkü sözleşmenin geçerlilik şartları ve hukuki sonuçları buna göre belirlenecektir. Şahsi teminatlardan biri olan kefalet sözleşmesi ile garanti sözleşmesi arasındaki ayrımın doğru yapılması önemlidir. Her ne kadar benzer yönleri çok olsa da her iki sözleşmenin geçerlilik koşulları ve hukuki sonuçları bakımından farklar bulunmaktadır.

Garanti sözleşmesi, tarafların sözleşmeye ilişkin esaslı noktalar üzerinde anlaşmalarıyla kurulur. Bu çalışmada, geçerli bir garanti sözleşmesinden bahsedebilmek için gerekli olan şartlar incelenmiştir. Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nun 603. maddesindeki düzenlemeler de dikkate alınarak garanti sözleşmesinin geçerliliği için bulunması gereken özel şartlar, eşin yazılı rızasının alınması, ehliyet, şekil şartı ve genel geçerlilik şartları garanti sözleşmesinin özellikleri de göz önünde bulundurularak incelenmiştir.
Eser Sözleşmesinde Üçüncü Kişinin İfası
Authors: YUCE Melek , ARSLAN YILMAZ Gül
Published: July 2022

Eser sözleşmesinde, genel kuraldan farklı olarak, yüklenicinin bizzat ifa yükümlülüğü bulunmaktadır. Eser sözleşmesinde yüklenicinin bizzat ifa borcu, TBK m. 471/III’te düzenlenmektedir. Ancak bu mutlak bir kural olarak düzenlenmemekte; eserin yüklenicinin kendi yönetimi altında yaptırılabileceği de öngörülmektedir. Eserin meydana getirilmesinde yüklenicinin kişisel özellikleri ve becerisi ifa bakımından önemli değilse yüklenicinin eseri bizzat meydana getirme borcu olmaz. Bu halde yüklenici eserin meydana getirilmesi sırasında üçüncü kişilerden yararlanabilir. Bunlar yardımcı kişiler olabileceği gibi alt yükleniciler de olabilir. Çalışmada yüklenicinin işin hangi aşamalarında üçüncü kişiden yararlanabileceği, üçüncü kişinin ifaya katılmasının hangi kapsamda olması gerektiği ve bunlara dayalı sonuçlar, eser sözleşmesi özelinde ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışma ile eserin üçüncü kişi tarafından ifa edilmesi bakımından sadece yüklenicinin üçüncü kişiyi ifaya katması değil, alacaklının iradesine dayalı üçüncü kişi tarafından ifanın yapılması ve sonuçları da yine eser sözleşmesine özel olarak incelenmiştir. Bir üçüncü olasılık olarak da üçüncü kişinin, alacaklı ya da borçlunun iradesi olmaksızın, inisiyatif alarak eseri meydana getirmesi hali değerlendirilmiştir. Ayrıca son durum olarak icra kanalıyla üçüncü kişiye yaptırma hali irdelenmiştir.