bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pandemic and new perspectives on living: the role of the smart home
Authors: Ciampi Marina , Sessa Melissa
Published: November 2023

Based on ongoing multidisciplinary research, this essay offers some theoretical and scenario considerations on the transformations of social rituals in housing contexts during the pandemic period. The analysis focuses on living being not only understood as a “private” experience, but also as a phenomenon of collective interest, especially in relation to issues concerning health emergencies, risk perception, and forms of sociability. In the face of such problems, the sociological perspective has shown its usefulness in providing suitable tools to study the ambivalent and exceptional aspects to which living was exposed during the lockdown period and in the immediate aftermath. Thus, it was chosen to focus attention on the phenomenon of the smart home, an “agent subject,” albeit inanimate, of the process of technological transformation of the housing unit, which can be evaluated not only on the level of environmental sustainability, but also on that of social sustainability.
Isolation, characterization, and immunomodulatory activity evaluation of probiotic strains from colostrum and canine milk
Authors: Quilodrán-Vega Sandra Rayén , Muñoz-Flores Carolina , Pino Ana , Buldres Paula , Sandoval Felipe , Aguirre Alex , Portillo Brígida , Parra Natalie , Altamirano Claudia , Albarracín Leonardo , Villena Julio , Toledo Jorge R.
Published: November 2023

Background

This study aimed to characterize potential probiotic strains for use in dogs to prevent infectious enteropathies. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from canine milk and colostrum were characterized according to their functional properties, including their resistance to gastrointestinal conditions, inhibitory effect against pathogens, and intestinal adhesion.

Methods

The immunomodulatory effects of the strains were also analyzed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Among the strains evaluated, two LAB strains (TUCO-16 and TUCO-17) showed remarkable resistance to pH 3.0, bile salts, and pancreatin, as well as inhibitory effects against pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., and Clostridium perfringens.

Results

The TUCO-16 and TUCO-17 strains induced a significant increase in the expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and TLR2 in canine macrophages. The oral administration of TUCO-16 and TUCO-17 strains to mice significantly augmented their resistance to pathogenic E. coli or Salmonella intestinal infections. Both canine strains reduced intestinal damage and pathogen counts in the liver and spleen and avoided their dissemination into the bloodstream. These protective effects were related to the ability of TUCO-16 and TUCO-17 strains to differentially modulate the production of IFN-γ, IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-6, KC, MCP-1, and IL-10 in the intestinal mucosa.

Conclusion

Both strains, TUCO-16 and TUCO-17, are potential probiotic candidates for improving intestinal health in dogs, particularly for their ability to inhibit the growth of Gram-negative pathogens common in gastrointestinal infections and modulate the animal's immune response. Further studies are required to effectively demonstrate the beneficial effects of TUCO-16 and TUCO-17 strains in dogs.
Failure to experimentally infect 10 days-old piglets with a cell culture-propagated infectious stock of a classical genotype 1a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus
Authors: Gerber Priscilla F. , Cao Dianjun , Xiao Chao-Ting , Chen Qi , Lager Kelly , Bosch Berend Jan , Meng Xiang-Jin , Halbur Patrick G. , Opriessnig Tanja
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes enteric disease in pigs of all ages. PEDV can be grouped into G1 (classical strains) and G2 (variant strains) based on sequence differences in the spike gene. Although several pathogenesis studies using contemporary strains of PEDV have been conducted to date, there is limited information on the pathogenesis of historical PEDV strains in contemporary pigs. This study aimed to investigate the clinical disease course of 10 days-old pigs infected with a classical European G1a PEDV strain from the 1980s which was last passaged in pigs in 1994.

Methods

Sequencing results confirmed that the virus inoculum was a PEDV strain closely related to the prototype CV777 strain. The PEDV stock was serially passaged three times in Vero cells, and the P3 infectious virus stock was used to inoculate the pigs. A total of 40 pigs were inoculated using the oral route.

Results

Pigs showed no enteric disease signs, and PEDV shedding was not detected for 44 days post-inoculation (dpi). At necropsy at 3 (5 pigs) or 7 dpi (5 pigs), no lesions were observed in intestinal sections, which were negative for PEDV antigen by immunohistochemistry. In addition, no IgG or IgA PEDV-specific antibodies in serum or fecal samples for 35 dpi further indicates a lack of infection. Titration of the leftover thawed and refrozen PEDV virus stock inoculum showed that the virus stock retained its infectivity in Vero cell culture and the porcine small intestine enterocytes cell line IPEC-J2.

Discussion

The reasons for the loss of infectivity in pigs are unknown. In conclusion, we showed that a classical G1a PEDV strain successfully propagated in cell cultures could not orally infect 40 piglets.
Impact of anthocyanins derived from Dioscorea alata L. on growth performance, carcass characteristics, antioxidant capacity, and immune function of Hainan black goats
Authors: Feng Haibo , Shi Huiyu , Yang Fengyuan , Yun Yanhong , Wang Xuemei
Published: November 2023

Dioscorea alata L. anthocyanins (DAC) are natural compounds found in plants and have shown potential health benefits. The objective of this investigation was to assess the impact of anthocyanins sourced from Dioscorea alata L. on the growth, carcass traits, antioxidant potential, and immune response of Hainan black goats. In this study, 30 three-month-old Hainan black goats (with a weight of 11.30 ± 0.82 kg) were selected and randomly divided into two groups, with 15 goats in each group. During the 60-day experiment, the control group (CON) and the treatment group (DAC) were, respectively, supplemented with 0 and 40 mg/kg BW of DAC in the basal diet. The results showed that DAC had no significant impact on the growth performance and body characteristics of Hainan black goats (p > 0.05). However, in terms of meat quality, the addition of DAC significantly increased the pH value and cooking yield 24 h post-slaughter (p < 0.05), while reducing the shear force of the meat (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, adding DAC to the feed resulted in a significant increase in the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) concentrations in plasma after 30 days of feeding (p < 0.05). After 60 days of feeding, the concentrations of T-AOC, T-SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) in the plasma of the DAC group was higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05), while the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) was lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, supplementing DAC significantly increased the content of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) in the plasma of Hainan black goats after 30 days of feeding (p < 0.05), while reducing the content of interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p < 0.05). After 60 days of feeding, the immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IL-10 content in the plasma of the DAC group was significantly increased (p < 0.05), while the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were suppressed (p < 0.05). In summary, these results indicate that supplementing DAC can improve the meat quality, enhance the antioxidant capacity, and immune function of Hainan black goats.
Antiplatelet Effect of Melatonin through Breastfeeding: A Pediatric Case Report
Authors: Iavarone Sonia , Massoud Michela , Di Felice Giovina , Pulcinelli Fabio , Rapini Novella , Luciani Matteo
Published: November 2023

We present a pediatric case of the antiplatelet effect of melatonin taken through breast milk in an 18-month-old child. The child was referred to our hematology outpatient clinic because of bleeding episodes that she presented since birth. Blood tests excluded the presence of blood coagulation diseases. The family history was negative for bleeding disorders. The child did not consume any drugs, food supplements, herbal teas or infusions. We performed an aggregation platelet test, which showed a reduced platelet aggregation. Shortly before, the baby had been breastfed. We speculated that breast milk could interfere with the result of the test; therefore, we decided to repeat the test in a fasting state. This time the test showed a normal platelet aggregation time. We learned that the child’s mother was taking a mixture of valerian and melatonin. Thus, we decided to suspend maternal intake of melatonin and perform a new platelet aggregation test after three months. The test results were negative. After the suspension of melatonin, the patient did not present further bleeding events. In this case, melatonin, through the inhibition of platelet aggregation, had an important role on the hemostatic system of the child. Melatonin is considered as a dietary supplement and is mostly available as an alternative medicine without formal prescription and dosage regulation. It is important, especially during breastfeeding, to investigate personal and medication history, including also homeopathic remedies or dietary supplements.
Torrefaction of Forest Residues Using a Lab-Scale Reactor
Authors: Martins Marta , Lemos Maria Amélia , Lemos Francisco , Pereira Helena
Published: November 2023

Forest residues have been gaining interest as a source of renewable fuels due to their availability and the risks they represent for increasing forest fires. A major drawback for their removal and processing is the cost of transportation, which can be overcome through densification procedures, e.g., torrefaction. To optimize the torrefaction parameters, Cistus ladanifer residues from the Portuguese forest were torrefied for 30 min in a lab-scale reactor at 250 and 350 °C. The quality of the torrefied material was assessed, and its energy and mass yields were determined through thermal analysis. The changes in morphological structure occurring during torrefaction were analysed through scanning electron microscopy. When compared to the original biomass, the charcoal obtained at 350 °C had a substantial increase in energy density accompanied by a significant mass reduction. Increasing the mass in the reactor had a positive effect on the energy yield. For the highest mass tested, a mass reduction of around 30% was obtained and a char with no loss in energy content (with a cumulative heat flow (CHF) of 9.0 MJ/kg compared to 5.8 MJ/kg of the original biomass). Modelling of the reactor allowed the analysis of the heat profile required for torrefaction.
Synergistic Microbial Inhibition and Quality Preservation for Grapes through High-Voltage Electric Field Cold Plasma and Nano-ZnO Antimicrobial Film Treatment
Authors: Li Juan , Zhang Guantao , Zhang Zitong , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Dongjie
Published: November 2023

To ensure their quality and safety, harvested grapes should be protected from microbial contamination before reaching consumers. For the first time, this study combined high-voltage electric field cold plasma (HVEF-CP) and nano-ZnO antimicrobial film to inhibit microbial growth on grapes. Using the response surface method, the optimal processing parameters of HVEF-CP (a voltage of 78 kV, a frequency of 110 Hz, and a time of 116 s) were identified to achieve 96.29% sterilization. The effects of co-processing with HVEF-CP and nano-ZnO antimicrobial film on the quality and safety of grapes during storage were explored. When stored at 4 °C and 20 °C, the co-processing extended the shelf life of grapes to 14 and 10 days, respectively. The co-processing increased the sterilization rate to 99.34%, demonstrating a synergistic effect between the two methods to ensure not only the safety of grapes but also their nutrient retention during storage. This novel approach is promising for the efficient, safe, and scalable preservation of grapes as well as other foods.
Analysis of the Psychosocial Sphere of Older Adults in Extreme Poverty in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Murillo-Llorente María Teresa , Caballero Coloma Nerea , Tomás-Aguirre Francisco , Tejeda-Adell Manuel , Ventura Ignacio , Perez-Bermejo Marcelino
Published: November 2023

The situation of social exclusion in which older adults live in extreme poverty is a problem that leads to psychological alterations such as depression or cognitive deterioration. Our objective was to analyze the living conditions and the psychosocial sphere of older adult people living in extreme poverty in Requena del Tapiche in Peru. This was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Sixty participants between 60 and 100 years of age of both sexes were included who gave their informed consent. Sociodemographic variables were analyzed, and the Gijón, family Apgar, Yesavage, and Pfeiffer scales were used. The sample was composed of 55% women and 45% men, with a mean age of 79.2 years (SD 6.67). More than half live alone or with their spouse. Fifty-seven percent sleep on the floor or on wood, and about 82% do not have safe water. Family dysfunction is found in 40%, and 98% are at social risk or with an established social problem and a precarious economic situation. More than 60% suffer from depressive symptoms, which are more frequent in women. We conclude that older adults perceive deficient family support, observing a deteriorated social situation. Most of them are at risk of social exclusion and loneliness, making them more vulnerable. They show sadness, with a high rate of depression. People with more cognitive impairment live alone, and those in social exclusion suffer a higher degree of depression. More cooperative projects and health promotion interventions developed in the peripheral neighborhoods of Requena del Tapiche are needed to improve the impact on the health of older adult people in extreme poverty.
Factors, Barriers, and Recommendations Related to Mobile Health Acceptance among the Elderly in Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Almulhem Jwaher A.
Published: November 2023

The use of mobile health (mHealth) is providing value to the elderly, but their acceptance of it is lower than in other age groups. Thus, this study aims to explore the factors influencing their intention to use mHealth and identify barriers and suggested solutions among elderly people aged 50+ years in Saudi Arabia, guided by the Healthcare Technology Acceptance Model (H-TAM). In this qualitative study, 14 elderly people (six females and eight males) were recruited. Participants were included if they were Saudi, aged 50+ years, and used smartphones. Participants were engaged in semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Peer review was conducted and saturation was reached to maintain rigor. Three major themes emerged: (1) factors affecting intention to use, (2) concerns and barriers, and (3) solutions and recommendations. Influenced factors were identified as perceived usefulness, perceived need, perceived ease of use, perceived benefits, familiarity, trust in technology, advice acceptance, facilitating conditions (family support), and compatibility. Older participants, particularly those with lower educational attainment, displayed less familiarity with mHealth. Lack of digital literacy, health and aging issues, worry about making mistakes, and social issues emerged as central barriers. Addressing these factors in the design and promotion of mHealth can enhance its successful adoption among the elderly.
Association of Vitamin B12 Levels with Sleep Quality, Insomnia, and Sleepiness in Adult Primary Healthcare Users in Greece
Authors: Bouloukaki Izolde , Lampou Maria , Raouzaiou Konstantina Maria , Lambraki Eirini , Schiza Sophia , Tsiligianni Ioanna
Published: November 2023

Despite vitamin B12’s recognized importance for the nervous system, there is still a lack of research on the association between vitamin B12 and sleep, especially in primary care settings. We assessed vitamin B12 levels in adult primary healthcare users and investigated correlations with sleep quality, insomnia, and sleepiness. In this cross-sectional study, 512 consecutive participants were included. Information regarding anthropometrics, socio-demographics, and medical history was obtained. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used to quantify excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), insomnia symptoms, and sleep quality, respectively. The median vitamin B12 was 342 (266, 446) pg/mL. After adjustments, vitamin B12 levels < 342 pg/mL showed significant associations with insomnia symptoms [OR (95% CI) 2.434 (1.331–4.452), p = 0.004], especially in elderly, non-obese, and female participants, with EDS only in obese participants [OR (95% CI) 3.996, (1.006–15.876), p = 0.039]. Nonetheless, there was no significant association between B12 levels and poor sleep quality (OR 1.416, 95% CI 0.678–2.958, p = 0.354). In conclusion, our results show that lower vitamin B12 was associated with insomnia symptoms and sleepiness in specific groups of participants. However, further research with objective measurements of sleep is crucial to assess the relationship between sleep and vitamin B12.
Health, Stress and Technologies: Integrating Technology Acceptance and Health Belief Models for Smartphone-Based Stress Intervention
Authors: Paganin Giulia , Margheritti Simona , Farhane-Medina Naima Z. , Simbula Silvia , Mazzetti Greta
Published: November 2023

Work-related stress significantly jeopardizes employees’ physical and mental health due to the considerable time they spend at work. Smartphone-based interventions provide a promising solution, eliminating traditional face-to-face interventions’ barriers. However, the elements that influence workers’ intentions to use this still remain unexplored. This study explores the link between health belief model (HBM) and technology acceptance model (TAM) factors. In this study, 336 Italian workers (64% female) answered an online questionnaire. We employed a structural equation model (SEM) to analyze the data. The results unveiled an indirect relationship: individuals perceiving health risks were more inclined to use stress-management apps, mediated by perceived utility (PU). This study underscores the significant potential of integrating the HBM with the TAM in predicting users’ preparedness for smartphone-based health interventions. These findings not only hold substantial value but also illuminate a path forward for professionals and organizations, offering insights to tailor and optimize smartphone tools for stress management and the promotion of workplace well-being. Ultimately, this research paves the way for the cultivation of healthier work environments, marking a noteworthy contribution to the field.
A Numerical Study on Storm Surge Dynamics Caused by Tropical Depression 29W in the Pahang Region
Authors: Mohd Anuar Norzana , Teh Hee-Min , Ma Zhe
Published: November 2023

Amid mounting concerns about climate change’s impact on coastal areas, this study investigates storm surge dynamics induced by Tropical Depression 29W (TD 29W) using the MIKE 21 model. Comprehending the complex mechanisms behind storm surges is crucial considering gaps in understanding their combined influences, including tide–surge interactions, varying typhoon parameters, and changing storm tracks. The impacts of climate change, including accelerating sea level rise and its correlation with storm surge magnitudes, require detailed investigations for effective disaster management in vulnerable coastal communities. Through precise calibration, matching simulations with tidal gauge stations, this research uncovers the intricate interplay between landfall timing, diverse storm tracks, wind intensities, and the amplifying impact of rising sea levels. Findings indicate surge residuals ranging from −0.03m to 0.01m during TD 29W’s landfall, with higher surge residuals during rising tide phases. Moreover, an increase in TD 29W’s maximum wind speed moderately influences positive surges while significantly amplifying negative surge heights by 68% to 92% with wind speed increments. An analysis of typhoon track variations emphasizes the vulnerability of the Pahang coast to changing storm dynamics, underlining the need for tailored resilience strategies. Projections suggest a significant surge height increase by the year 2100, emphasizing the urgency of adaptive measures for the region.
The Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund-Type Strong Law of Large Numbers with General Normalizing Sequences under Sublinear Expectation
Authors: Guo Shuxia , Meng Zhe
Published: November 2023

In this paper we study the Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund-type strong law of large numbers with general normalizing sequences under sublinear expectation. Specifically, we establish complete convergence in the Marcinkiewicz–Zygmund-type strong law of large numbers for sequences of negatively dependent and identically distributed random variables under certain moment conditions. We also give results for sequences of independent and identically distributed random variables. The moment conditions in this paper are based on a class of slowly varying functions that satisfy some convergence properties. Moreover, some special examples and comparisons to existing results are also given.
Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control for Linear Parameter-Varying Systems under Actuator and Sensor Faults
Authors: Dhahri Slim , Naifar Omar
Published: November 2023

In this study, we delve into the intricacies of addressing the challenge posed by simultaneous external disturbances and ever-changing actuator and sensor faults in the context of linear parameter-varying (LPV) systems. Our focus is on fault estimation (FE) and the pursuit of fault-tolerant tracking control (FTTC). LPV systems are described through a polytopic LPV representation with measurable gain scheduling functions. An adaptive LPV sliding mode observer (ASMO) is developed for the purpose of simultaneously estimating the system states and faults despite external disturbances. Compared with other conventional ASMO designs, the proposed observer has the capability to reconstruct the actuator faults by exploiting the equivalent output error injection signal required to maintain sliding motion and to directly estimate sensor faults using an adaptive algorithm. Based on online FE information, an FTTC is synthesized to compensate for the fault effect and to force closed-loop system states to track their desired reference signals. Sufficient conditions to ensure the stability of the state estimation errors and closed-loop system are established using Lyapunov stability theory together with H∞ techniques. These requirements are articulated using linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which can be effortlessly addressed through optimization problem-solving methods. To illustrate the potency of the proposed approaches, an illustrative example is provided. To illustrate the potency of the proposed approaches and to validate their practical effectiveness, we offer an illustrative example featuring a vertical takeoff and landing aircraft. This real-world case study serves as a practical application of our theoretical contributions, demonstrating the adaptability and robustness of our approach in the face of complex, real-world challenges.
Lateral-Concentration Inhomogeneities in Flows of Suspensions of Rod-like Particles: The Approach of the Theory of Anisotropic Micropolar Fluid
Authors: Shelukhin Vladimir
Published: November 2023

To tackle suspensions of particles of any shape, the thermodynamics of a Cosserat continuum are developed by the method suggested by Landau and Khalatnikov for the mathematical description of the super-fluidity of liquid 2He. Such an approach allows us to take into account the rotation of particles and their form. The flows of suspensions of neutrally buoyant rod-like particles are considered in detail. These suspensions include linear polymer solutions, FD-virus and worm-like micelles. The anisotropy of the suspensions is determined through the inclusion of the micro-inertia tensor in the rheological constitutive equations. The theory predicts gradient banding, temporal volatility of apparent viscosity and hysteresis of the flux-pressure curve. The transition from the isotropic phase to the nematic phase is also captured. Our mathematical model predicts the formation of flock-like inhomogeneities of concentration jointly with the hindrance effect.
Evaluating Domain Randomization in Deep Reinforcement Learning Locomotion Tasks
Authors: Ajani Oladayo S. , Hur Sung-ho , Mallipeddi Rammohan
Published: November 2023

Domain randomization in the context of Reinforcement learning (RL) involves training RL agents with randomized environmental properties or parameters to improve the generalization capabilities of the resulting agents. Although domain randomization has been favorably studied in the literature, it has been studied in terms of varying the operational characters of the associated systems or physical dynamics rather than their environmental characteristics. This is counter-intuitive as it is unrealistic to alter the mechanical dynamics of a system in operation. Furthermore, most works were based on cherry-picked environments within different classes of RL tasks. Therefore, in this work, we investigated domain randomization by varying only the properties or parameters of the environment rather than varying the mechanical dynamics of the featured systems. Furthermore, the analysis conducted was based on all six RL locomotion tasks. In terms of training the RL agents, we employed two proven RL algorithms (SAC and TD3) and evaluated the generalization capabilities of the resulting agents on several train–test scenarios that involve both in-distribution and out-distribution evaluations as well as scenarios applicable in the real world. The results demonstrate that, although domain randomization favors generalization, some tasks only require randomization from low-dimensional distributions while others require randomization from high-dimensional randomization. Hence the question of what level of randomization is optimal for any given task becomes very important.
Time-Frequency Response of Acoustic Emission and Its Multi-Fractal Analysis for Rocks with Different Brittleness under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Ou Jianchun , Wang Enyuan , Wang Xinyu
Published: November 2023

The occurrence of rock burst hazards is closely related to the brittleness of rocks. Current research has paid less attention to the in-depth relationship between rock brittleness and acoustic emission (AE) signal characteristics and precursor information caused by rock fracture. Therefore, in order to further improve the accuracy of the AE monitoring of rockburst hazards, uniaxial compression tests were carried out and AE were monitored for rocks with different brittleness (yellow sandstone, white sandstone, marble, and limestone) in this paper. The relationship between the mechanical properties and the time-frequency characteristics of the AE was analyzed. In addition, the multi-fractal theory was introduced to further deconstruct and mine the AE signals, and the multi-fractal characteristics of AE from rocks with different brittleness were investigated. The results show that the stronger the brittleness of the rock, the higher the main frequency and main frequency amplitude of the AE. Brittleness is positively correlated with the multi-fractal parameter Δα (uniformity of data distribution) and negatively correlated with Δf (frequency difference between large and small data). In addition, the dynamics of Δα and Δf provide new indicators for AE monitoring of rock stability, and their abrupt changes can be regarded as precursors of failure. The weaker the brittleness of the rock, the earlier the failure precursor is and the more significant it is. This has potential engineering application value, which can help identify rockburst precursors and take timely protective measures to ensure engineering safety.
Insight into the Postbiotic Potential of the Autochthonous Bacteriocin-Producing Enterococcus faecium BGZLM1-5 in the Reduction in the Abundance of Listeria monocytogenes ATCC19111 in a Milk Model
Authors: Popović Nikola , Stevanović Dušan , Radojević Dušan , Veljović Katarina , Đokić Jelena , Golić Nataša , Terzić-Vidojević Amarela
Published: November 2023

This study aimed to explore the probiogenomic characteristics of artisanal bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus faecium BGZLM1-5 and its potential application in reducing Listeria monocytogenes in a milk model. The BGZLM1-5 strain was isolated from raw cow’s milk from households in the Zlatar Mountain region. The whole genome sequencing approach and bioinformatics analyses reveal that the strain BGZLM1-5 is non-pathogenic to humans. Bacteriocin-containing supernatant was thermally stable and antimicrobial activity retained 75% of the initial activity compared with that of the control after treatment at 90 °C for 30 min. Antimicrobial activity maintained relative stability at pH 3–11 and retained 62.5% of the initial activity compared with that of the control after treatment at pH 1, 2, and 12. The highest activity of the partially purified bacteriocin was obtained after precipitation at 40% saturation with ammonium sulfate and further purification by mixing with chloroform. Applying 3% and 5% (v/v) of the bacteriocin-containing supernatant and 0.5% (v/v) of the partially purified bacteriocin decreased the viable number of L. monocytogenes ATCC19111 after three days of milk storage by 23.5%, 63.5%, and 58.9%, respectively.
Drug Discovery for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: A Review of Developments in the Past 15 Years
Authors: Corman Hannah N. , McNamara Case W. , Bakowski Malina A.
Published: November 2023

Leishmaniasis is a group of vector-borne, parasitic diseases caused by over 20 species of the protozoan Leishmania spp. The three major disease classifications, cutaneous, visceral, and mucocutaneous, have a range of clinical manifestations from self-healing skin lesions to hepatosplenomegaly and mucosal membrane damage to fatality. As a neglected tropical disease, leishmaniasis represents a major international health challenge, with nearly 350 million people living at risk of infection a year. The current chemotherapeutics used to treat leishmaniasis have harsh side effects, prolonged and costly treatment regimens, as well as emerging drug resistance, and are predominantly used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. There is an undeniable need for the identification and development of novel chemotherapeutics targeting cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), largely ignored by concerted drug development efforts. CL is mostly non-lethal and the most common presentation of this disease, with nearly 1 million new cases reported annually. Recognizing this unaddressed need, substantial yet fragmented progress in early drug discovery efforts for CL has occurred in the past 15 years and was outlined in this review. However, further work needs to be carried out to advance early discovery candidates towards the clinic. Importantly, there is a paucity of investment in the translation and development of therapies for CL, limiting the emergence of viable solutions to deal with this serious and complex international health problem.
The Ecological Community: The Blind Spot of Environmental Virtue Ethics
Authors: Beau Rémi
Published: November 2023

Since their emergence in the 1980s, environmental virtue ethics (EVEs) have aimed to provide an alternative to deontological and consequentialist approaches for guiding ecological actions in the context of the global environmental crisis. The deterioration of the ecological situation and the challenges in addressing collective action problems caused by global changes have heightened interest in these ethics. They offer a framework for meaningful individual actions independently of the commitment of other actors. However, by shifting the focus onto individuals, EVEs appear to grapple with the tension between anthropocentrism and respect for nature, as well as between self-flourishing and concern for other living beings. This article argues that this difficulty is rooted in the neglect within EVEs of the communitarian aspect of ancient virtue ethics. Drawing from Baird Callicott’s ecocentric approach and Val Plumwood’s works, this paper explores the possibility of conceiving ecological communities as collective frameworks in which both public and private virtues are defined and practiced.
Parallel Phase-Shifting Digital Holographic Phase Imaging of Micro-Optical Elements with a Polarization Camera
Authors: Liu Bingcai , Fang Xinmeng , Tian Ailing , Wang Siqi , Zhang Ruixuan , Wang Hongjun , Zhu Xueliang
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we propose a measurement method of micro-optical elements with parallel phase-shifting digital holographic phase imaging. This method can record four phase-shifting holograms with a phase difference of π/2 in a single shot and correct the pixel mismatch error of the polarization camera using a bilinear interpolation algorithm, thereby producing high-resolution four-step phase-shifting holograms. This method reconstructs the real phase information of the object to be measured through a four-step phase-shifting algorithm. The reproduced image eliminates the interference of zero-order images and conjugate images, overcoming the problem that traditional phase-shifting digital holography cannot be measured in real time. A simulation analysis showed that the relative error of this measurement method could reach 0.0051%. The accurate surface topography information of the object was reconstructed from an experimental measurement through a microlens array. Multiple measurements yielded a mean absolute error and a mean relative error for the vertical height of the microlens array down to 5.9500 nm and 0.0461%, respectively.
Enhanced Measurement of Vortex Beam Rotation Using Polarization-Assisted Particle Swarm Optimization for Phase Retrieval
Authors: Wang Hongyang , Zhang Zijing , Wang Qingfeng , Feng Rui , Zhao Yuan
Published: November 2023

In detecting the rotation velocity of an object employing the rotational Doppler effect of vortex beams, atmospheric turbulence can easily cause phase distortion and spiral spectrum dispersion, consequently reducing velocity measurement accuracy. This study combines adaptive optical intelligence algorithms with polarization compensation information to propose a novel approach, the Stokes–Particle swarm optimization Gerchberg–Saxton (Stokes-PSO GS) algorithm, which integrates Stokes polarization information assistance and PSO for GS phase retrieval. The algorithm adjusts the phase and amplitude of the pre-compensated phase screen of the GS algorithm utilizing Stokes information of polarized vortex beam (with lL = 5 and lR = −5) before and after distortion. The PSO is then employed to optimize the pre-compensated phase screen and perform compensations. Simulation results at zS-T = 200 m and Cn2 = 1 × 10−14 m−2/3, demonstrate that the Stokes-PSO GS algorithm exhibits strong stability (small angular spectrum purity deviation, σp, Stokes-PSO GS = 0.005675% < σp, GS = 11.62%), superior optical field recovery (well-recovered Stokes optical field, up to 33.76% improvement in angular spectrum purity), and high-velocity measurement accuracy (25.93% improvement) compared to the GS algorithm. This approach enables precise measurement of the rotation velocity of the vortex beam, demonstrating its potential in practical applications.
The History of Bovine Genital Campylobacteriosis in the Face of Political Turmoil and Structural Change in Cattle Farming in Germany
Authors: El-Adawy Hosny , Hotzel Helmut , Tomaso Herbert , Neubauer Heinrich
Published: November 2023

Contagious bovine genital campylobacteriosis (BGC), also known as bovine venereal campylobacteriosis, is a disease relevant to international trade listed by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). It is caused by Campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis (Cfv), one of three subspecies of Campylobacter fetus. Bulls are the reservoir but BGC may also be spread by artificial insemination (AI). BGC is characterized by severe reproductive losses such as infertility, early embryonic death and abortion with considerable economic losses. This significant economic impact has prompted several countries to adopt stringent eradication and surveillance measures to contain the disease. While there are commercial and autologous vaccines available, scientific evidence for the effectiveness of vaccination is still lacking. In Germany, BCG was already found to be endemic in the 1920s, shortly after the agent and the disease had been described for the first time. It can be assumed that BCG had already circulated uncontrolled for a long time in the predecessor states of Germany, influenced only by the political situation and trading networks of the time. After WW II, BCG was eradicated in the German Democratic Republic due to industrialized cattle production based on AI but it was still endemic at low levels in the Federal Republic of Germany with its diverse cattle production. There has been a steady decline in BGC incidence in re-unified Germany over the past 28 years. A single genetic Cfv lineage was identified which probably emerged in the 19th century and diversified over time. Interestingly, no recurrent cross-border introduction became evident. This review gives insight into the history of bovine genital campylobacteriosis considering the structural change in cattle farming in Germany and reflecting on the political background of the time.
Gastroprotective Effects of Oral Glycosaminoglycans with Sodium Alginate in an Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury Model in Rats
Authors: Traserra Sara , Cuerda Héctor , Vallejo Adriana , Segarra Sergi , Sabata Roger , Jimenez Marcel
Published: November 2023

The gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal barrier is often exposed to inflammatory and erosive insults, resulting in gastric lesions. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), such as hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS), and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) have shown potential beneficial effects as GI protectants. This study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effects of oral GAGs in rats with indomethacin-induced GI lesions. Forty-five Sprague–Dawley rats (8–9 weeks-old, 228 ± 7 g) were included in the study, divided into five study groups, and given, administered orally, either sucralfate (positive control group; PC), NAG (G group), sodium alginate plus HA and CS (AHC group), sodium alginate plus HA, CS, and NAG (AHCG group), or no treatment (negative control group; NC). Animals were administered 12.5 mg/kg indomethacin orally 15 min after receiving the assigned treatment. After 4 h, stomach samples were obtained and used to perform a macroscopic evaluation of gastric lesions and to allow histological assessment of the gastric wall (via H/E staining) and mucous (via PAS staining). The AHCG group showed significant gastroprotective improvements compared to the NC group, and a similar efficacy to the PC group. This combination of sodium alginate with GAGs might, therefore, become a safe and effective alternative to prescription drugs for gastric lesions, such as sucralfate, and have potential usefulness in companion animals.
A IDEIA DE PODER NO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Hamel Marcio Renan
Published: November 2023

A presente pesquisa busca investigar os novos arranjos de poder deste início do século XXI e a viabilidade do contrato social, considerando o novo arranjo das sociedades contemporâneas, as quais são amplamente plurais e multiculturais. Para dar conta deste propósito, o texto está dividido em três seções. A primeira seção analisa a tese do contrato social como sendo a concepção filosófico-política por excelência na modernidade, a partir do que se tem uma progressiva laicização do poder do Estado somado a sua racionalização e legitimação. Na segunda seção é trabalhada a tese do novo contrato social de Rawls e sua ideia de repactuação na sociedade contemporânea. Por derradeiro, a terceira seção faz uma análise dos novos arranjos de poder no século XXI e da viabilidade do projeto do contrato social em meio a esses novos arranjos. Enquanto conclusão, a pesquisa aponta, de forma geral, para a necessidade do fortalecimento da democracia em todos os seus aspectos, como critério tanto para sua sobrevivência quanto para a viabilidade da tese do contrato social.
pensamiento lógico-matemático y didáctica creativa: estudio realizado con estudiantes de Bachillerato, circuito C04 Jipijapa-Ecuador
Authors: Soledispa Cantos Carmen Martha , Mendoza Moreira Francisco Samuel
Published: November 2023

El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las estrategias creativas para fomentar el pensamiento matemático de los estudiantes de Bachillerato, circuito C04 Jipijapa, de la provincia de Manabí (Ecuador). Se aplicó una metodología con enfoque cuantitativo-cualitativo y se utilizó una batería de pensamiento lógico en etapa formal a 147 bachilleres, con una escala de valoración de 6 categorías. Respecto a los resultados de la batería, se pudieron obtener datos que corroboraron que el estudiantado supera los aprendizajes en la categoría de identificación, pero que existen debilidades en la resolución de problemas matemáticos en el resto de categorías. Asimismo, a partir de la información recolectada a través de entrevistas a los educadores, se comprobó que la aplicación de estrategias creativas para fomentar el aprendizaje escasa. Bajo estos resultados se concluyó que los estudiantes tienen bajo rendimiento académico y, por lo tanto, los docentes deben utilizar estrategias creativas, como el trabajo colaborativo yel aprendizaje basado en juegos, que contribuyan a desarrollar las habilidades en pensamiento matemático que facilitena los estudiantes la solución de problemas de la vida diaria, considerando sus virtudes, cualidades yestilos de aprendizaje.
Educación, Pandemia y TIC: Una mirada desde la experiencia docente - Colombia
Authors: Aravena Domich Marcela Angelina
Published: November 2023

Desde el año 2020 el mundo entero ha sufrido la peor pandemia del siglo, situación que, al día de hoy, nos tiene absolutamente preocupados. Millones de niños quedaron sin clases y miles de docentes tuvieron que usar la tecnología como mediadora de la actividad educativa. Sin embargo, la baja o casi nula conectividad, relacionada a otros problemas como la pobreza, la falta de aparatos tecnológicos, las bajas capacidades tecnológicas de los docentes, los estudiantes y las familias, tuvieron que verse soslayadas con la excepcional reacción del docentado. Las políticas educativas de los países latinoamericanos no estuvieron a la altura en las tecnologías (preparación, aparatos y conexión) siendo los docentes, en general, los encargados de buscarla. Esta investigación indagó el rol de las TIC durante la pandemia en el ejercicio docente online durante los meses de septiembre a diciembre del año 2021. La metodología fue cualitativa y se realizaron entrevistas dirigidas a unos 100 maestrantes del primer curso de la universidad Umecit – Panamá, cuyos estudiantes son colombianos. Para analizar la información se utilizó el programa ATLAS.ti9. Los hallazgos dan cuenta de los problemas con el uso de la tecnología, sumado a la falta de internet y de aparatos por parte de las escuelas, docentado y familias. Si bien, se reconoce la vocación docente y la implementación de herramientas tecnológicas, se presenta la necesidad de mejorar las competencias tecnológicas por parte de estos.
Pedagogía del amor: el docente y la dignificación del sujeto
Authors: González Pérez Francis Carolina
Published: November 2023

Las líneas de este ensayo tienen como propósito reflexionar acerca del significado de una pedagogía del amor, iniciando con una deconstrucción del concepto hasta llegar a una aproximación sensible que devele el papel del docente en cualquier contexto educativo en el cual esté inmerso. En este sentido, no hay pretensiones teoréticas formales, sino ofrecer una estructura narrativa que posibilite la introspección y la vocación de pensar la realidad educativa como experiencia humana que se vive en el encuentro con el otro, basado en la dignificación de los sujetos involucrados. El docente tiene un papel vital como mediador a través de una pedagogía del amor como postura axiológica y crítica fundamentada en por qué y para qué se educa, en contra de toda reproducción de exclusión y discriminación para hacer de las aulas, espacios de aprendizaje y desarrollo de nuestra humanidad.
Promoción de hábitos de vida saludable en el contexto laboral desde cultura física
Authors: Morales Rincón Camilo , Gómez Reyes Viviana
Published: November 2023

Los contextos laborales no solamente son entornos de productividad, también son espacios de participación, socialización y desarrollo del ser. Con relación a esto, las compañías sean enfocados en direccionar procesos de atención encaminados al bienestar de sus colaboradores, mucho más después de las situaciones vividas debido al COVID-19. De esta manera desde el área de cultura física apoyados en el departamento de seguridad y salud del trabajo, se desarrolla en una pequeña empresa en la ciudad de Bogotá Colombia, el programa, promotores de hábitos saludables (PHS), con el objetivo de sensibilizar frente a los hábitos saludables (HS), fortaleciéndolos a través de la realización de actividades y talleres teóricos prácticos, en búsqueda de mejorar el bienestar de los colaboradores de la compañía, se emplea el Cuestionario de perfil de estilo de vida PEPS-I y se obtiene una mejora general del 19,9 % en lo que se refiere a la asimilación y aplicación de HS por parte de los colaboradores, permitiendo con esto evidenciar las contribuciones de la cultura física en espacios laborales y la relación con la teorización de los distintos autores consultados.
Influencia del uso de las canciones infantiles en la dicción de niños
Authors: Rincón Gómez Sandra Lorena , García Chilan Yamilet Elena , Matías Galdea Ivonne Verenisse
Published: November 2023

Las canciones infantiles juegan un papel esencial en el desarrollo de los niños, según estudios recientes estas permiten que el infante optimice sus habilidades comunicativas, entre ellas la dicción. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo reflexionar sobre la influencia del uso de las canciones infantiles en la dicción en los niños de 4 a 5 años en la Unidad de Educación Básica General Alfa y Omega. Se trabajó bajo el paradigma cualitativo con método fenomenológico hermenéutico, los informantes claves fueron un grupo de 16 individuos, el cual estuvo conformado por un docente y los quince estudiantes de Educación Inicial 2 de la Unidad de Educación Básica General “Alfa y Omega”. Las técnicas de recolección de la información fueron la entrevista y la observación. Los resultados permitieron evidenciar que el uso de canciones infantiles en niños de infancia temprana influye positivamente en el mejoramiento de su dicción. Se concluye que las canciones infantiles no solo aportan beneficios en torno a la dicción sino que los niños aprenden nuevos conceptos, desarrollan vocabulario, mejoran sus habilidades auditivas y comunicativas, creativas y de memorización.
Implementación de las Tics en la educación universitaria en Bolivia
Authors: Mollo-Torrico Juan Pablo
Published: November 2023

El artículo tuvo como objetivo identificar las necesidades de uso y apropiación de las tics en docentes y estudiantes de educación superior. La metodología utilizada fue un estudio cualitativo según Behar (2008) y Vasilachis et al., (2006), de tipo documental, apoyado en los aportes de Cifuentes (2007) donde se analizaron tres (3) trabajos de investigación de Coll (2021), Priscitellly (2021) y Educa Bolivia (2019) para contrastar los resultados obtenidos en cuanto a la utilización de las TICS por parte de docentes y estudiantes de educación Universitaria. Los resultados obtenidos fueron que los docentes y estudiantes presentan debilidades en cuanto a la utilización de la herramienta tecnología, por no poseer conocimientos básicos en cuanto a la utilización de la misma, pero también, algunos no poseen los equipos tecnológicos necesarios ni adecuados.