bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Continued Use of KnowledgeBased APP Users in Guizhou Based on the
Perspective of Perceived Value
Authors: Yang Shengxia
Published: November 2024

The wide variety of products offered by online sales platforms makes choosing the correct item a challenging task. The expertise and
knowledge of customers in such product assortments can vary widely. Therefore, there is a need for intelligent recommender systems that
provide personalized dialogues that support customers during the product selection process. The three research objectives are: to explore
the factors in continuing for using knowledge-based apps; to identify the relationship between influencing factors and sustainable usage
intention; to search for the countermeasures and suggestions for the continued development of applications user policies.
A Case of Unexplained Opacity of an Intraocular Lens
Authors: Guo Xinyi , Huang Longrong , Guo Yonghong , Chen Xiangdong
Published: November 2024

The patient is an elderly female, 81 years old. On September 24, 2022, he was admitted to the hospital for "blurred vision in his
right eye, photophobia and tears for more than 1 year". The patient complained that he had undergone phacoemulsification resection intraocular lens implantation of cataract in the right eye in a hospital in Liling City in 2020 due to blurred vision in both eyes for more than 3
years , and the blurred vision was reduced after surgery. Now due to the blurred vision of the right eye, which is progressively worsening and
the vision is decreasing, he came to our hospital for treatment.
English Translation Strategies for Pulse Diagnostic Terms in Tibetan Medicine: A Study from the Perspective of Transknowletology
Authors: Chen Tiantian , Liu Xinyi , Hao Jianjun , Mao Herong
Published: November 2024

Tibetan medicine plays a key role in China s traditional medicine system and has made vital contributions to safeguarding the lives
and health of Tibetans. But, the translation of TM has lagged behind to some extent. With the help of Transknowletology, this article finds a
new way to facilitate the international dissemination of Tibetan medical culture.
Szanse i zagrożenia dla teorii i praktyki logopedii XXI wieku
Authors: Gunia Grażyna
Published: November 2024

Intense socio-cultural, economic and technological changes cause changes in the theoretical and practical fields of many scientific disciplines. The aim of the study is to reflect on the opportunities and threats for diagnosis and speech therapy for people with speech and communication disorders. The subject of discussion is the discourse related to the strengths and weaknesses of the hitherto achievements of speech therapy, as a scientific discipline, profession and field of study in view of the challenges of the 21st century. Attention was also paid to the risks to speech therapy prevention associated with globalization and technological innovation.
Dataset preparation for CROHME 2019 for training a neural network
Authors: Ismagulov Milan E.
Published: November 2024

Subject of research. This article examines the process of data preparation for training neural network models that address the task of recognizing complex handwritten mathematical expressions and converting them into typesetting systems like LaTeX or MathML. The dataset under study is CROHME 2019, which contains images of handwritten mathematical expressions and their corresponding LaTeX annotations.
The objective of this research is to develop and describe a data preparation process that ensures correct model training and minimizes errors in numerical labels and transformations. The study focuses on the following key stages: loading and preprocessing images, parsing LaTeX annotations, linking images with their corresponding annotations, normalizing pixel values, creating and verifying the tokenizer vocabulary, and preparing the tokenizer itself.
The methods include data analysis and processing using specialized tools for working with images and text annotations.
The main outcome of this work is the creation of a dataset ready for use in training the neural network model. The prepared dataset ensures accurate alignment between images and annotations, as well as correct conversion of mathematical expressions into LaTeX code.
Maximizing the number of allowable approximation errors when building a linear regression model
Authors: Noskov Sergey I. , Shakhurov Anton N.
Published: November 2024

Subject of research: errors in approximation of a linear regression model within the framework of a logical-algebraic approach to data analysis.
Purpose of the study: to develop an algorithmic method for solving the problem of maximizing the number of permissible approximation errors using a linear-Boolean programming computer.
Methods and objects of research: the object of research is a linear regression model, the methods are linear regression analysis and mathematical programming apparatus.
Main results of the study: an algorithmic method is proposed for maximizing the number of permissible absolute and relative errors in approximation of a linear regression equation, which reduces to solving linear-Boolean programming problems of a dimension acceptable for practical situations. Solving generated problems of this type should not cause computational problems due to a significant number of effective software tools, for example, the LPsolve program, which is freely available on the Internet.
Globalization and English language teaching: A glance into the status of the English language in the Algerian educational context
Authors: Abdat-Hadjadj Yassamina
Published: November 2024

This theoretical article aims to provide an understanding of globalization's effect on language policy in Algeria. It explores the current status of English language adoption across different educational levels, with a particular focus on higher education within the framework of the Licence-Master-Doctorate system. The globalization process has undeniably led to the widespread use of English as the 21st century’s lingua franca, giving it a prominent role in various fields such as science, technology, trade, business, tourism, and education. This global interdependence and cultural integration have facilitated English linguistic dominance. In the Algerian context, this has significantly impacted the local language landscape and presents new challenges for language policy and decision-makers. Although English is not the primary medium of instruction in Algerian elementary and secondary education, it is increasingly seen as an essential tool in higher education to meet various utilitarian needs. The current study delves into globalization's effect on language policy in Algeria.
Keywords: Educational context; English language; foreign languages; linguistic attitude; local languages.
The effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy in enhancing emotion regulation among Santri: A literature review
Authors: Gustama Rosyid Arfan , Hidayah Nur , Wahyuni Fitri
Published: November 2024

Individuals face daily challenges that can evoke negative emotions like anxiety, sadness, and anger, requiring adaptive coping strategies to maintain mental well-being. When individuals are unable to respond adaptively, they may develop maladaptive behaviors, increasing their psychological distress. This study aims to explore the factors associated with maladaptive behaviors and the effectiveness of adaptive coping strategies in managing these responses. Using a systematic literature review, the researchers identified, screened, and analyzed relevant studies. The SLR involved defining research questions, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, and assessing study quality, resulting in the selection of 10 key articles from an initial pool of 26. Findings suggest that adaptive coping strategies, such as cognitive-behavioral approaches, effectively reduce maladaptive behaviors and bolster emotional resilience. This review highlights the importance of integrating adaptive strategies in educational and therapeutic settings to help individuals navigate stressors and reduce maladaptive responses. Further research is recommended to develop accessible interventions for promoting resilience in everyday life.
Keywords:  Behavioral therapy; cognitive; effectiveness; emotion regulation.
The Importance Of The Unified Text In Teaching Arabic To Non-Speakers In The Light Of Language Skills Correlation/ أهمية النص الموحد في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها في ضوء ترابط المهارات اللغوية
Authors: Alkaaideh Ala' Hussein , Othman Mohd Ala uddin
Published: November 2024

The present study aims to provide a systematic vision for teaching Arabic to non-speakers to develop the learner's educational performance and to bring the learner to the highest possible linguistic level sufficiently and efficiently. This teaching approach is represented by unifying the teaching text in light of language skills integration.  The importance of this approach comes from its influential role in simplifying the process of teaching Arabic to non-speakers. The study adopted the analytical survey process, in which a questionnaire was distributed to students in the first semester of the academic year 2023/2024. The study sample consisted of 203 students studying Arabic for non-native speakers at the Language Centre at the University of Jordan. The study's results confirmed the effectiveness of unified teaching text in the light of language skills correlation.  The findings also revealed the positive role of this process in enhancing the linguistic sufficiency of Arabic non-native learners. Text unity and the correlation of language skills effectively teach languages, enabling learners to promote their linguistic level sufficiently and efficiently. Therefore, the present study recommends adopting this approach in the language teaching process and raising the awareness of language teachers of the importance of it.
The Difficulties Of Managing Stress Assignment In The Pronunciation Iraqi Arabic Learners
Authors: Hussein AlMuselhy Ahmed Ali
Published: November 2024

Few studies have focused on how Arabic-speaking students' L1 interference affects the stress they assign to English. This study investigates whether Arab learners' incorrect stress attribution is random or systematic. The research also intends to determine whether there is a connection between the phonotactic rules of stress placement in Arabic and the stress misplacement that Iraqi learners of English experience. At random, sixty students from three different English proficiency levels at Al Anbar University: lower-intermediate, upper-intermediate, and advanced. All of the morpho-syllabic word structures the students often mispronounced were included in the 50 stimulus words the teachers had them say. The recordings were analyzed by two independent raters and Praat spectrogram software. Research indicates that learners may have been influenced by other languages to do the following: a) consistently stress one syllable even though the word has different meanings depending on the other stress assignments; b) Misplace stress regardless of their level of English competence; c) Stress the penultimate syllable in the majority of polysyllabic words; d) Stress the second syllable in contracted negative auxiliary verbs; and e) Stress the second item in a compound noun rather than the first item in the composite noun.
K4DD Mpox Health Evidence Summary No 5
Authors: Mujuru Sithandiwe
Published: November 2024

Bi-weekly Mpox Health Evidence Summaries aim to signpost FCDO and others to the latest relevant evidence on Mpox.
Sustainability of WASH Systems
Authors: Cooper Rachel
Published: November 2024

Small piped water systems in rural areas are found in various countries including Ghana, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Senegal and Uganda. Systems vary in size and the population served, with scheme types including those with a single communal distribution point, scheme with multiple communal distribution points, schemes with multiple distribution points and household connections, and multi-village schemes. This review evaluates some of the factors that contribute to the sustainability of small piped water systems in rural areas.
A la recherche de la forêt en Côte d'Ivoire : 2e partie
Authors: Aubréville A.
Published: November 2024

[La première partie de cet article a été publié dans le n° 56 de nov-déc 1957]. En retournant dans les forêts de l'ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire après une absence de plus de vingt ans, l'auteur a constaté l'extension considérable des défrichements, même dans les zones qui sont restées peu peuplées.Pour compléter la connaissance scientifique de ces forêts, l'auteur a analysé certains types de forêts le long d'itinéraires s'étendant sur des centaines de mètres ou sur plusieurs kilomètres, selon les endroits.L'auteur décrit les résultats de ces études dans ce document et divise les forêts denses de la Côte d'Ivoire en deux formations principales :- la forêt dense semi-décidue et humide de malvacées et d'ulmacées,- la forêt dense humide à flore légumineuse, virescence permanente, dont l'auteur détaille la composition.Après une explication écologique des aires d'espèces, l'auteur aborde le problème des espèces rares et celui des endémismes occidentaux et orientaux dans une forêt dense humide à virescence permanente. Il aborde les méthodes d'analyse floristique et chorologique des forêts, les ravageurs de la flore forestière, et conclut par une brève considération des savanes entourant la forêt.La deuxième partie de cet article est publiée ci-après.
Le bois de teck africain
Authors: Sallenave P.
Published: November 2024

De tous les bois du monde, le teck (Tectona grandis) est l'un des plus recherchés. Cette essence a été plantée dans différents territoires africains (Togo - Dahomey - Cameroun - Moyen Congo) et certains arbres ont aujourd'hui plus de 40 ans. L'étude en laboratoire de 27 échantillons de bois de teck (6 d'Extrême-Orient, 21 d'Afrique) montre que le teck africain a sensiblement les mêmes propriétés que le teck asiatique. Le teck africain semble être un peu plus lourd et plus dur que le teck de Java, du Siam ou du Laos.
Literature Study: Babesiosis in Dogs in The Period of 2013-2023
Authors: Nithaquin Aina Dzatun , Prasetyo Dodik , Widyaputri Tiara , Noviatri Aldila
Published: November 2024

Background: Babesiosis is an infectious disease caused by Babesia spp. with tick vectors Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Dermacentor margniatus (a tick-borne disease). Babesiosis transmission occurs through tick bites or blood transfusions. Diagnostic techniques involve the microscopic examination of blood smears, hematology, blood chemistry, and PCR laboratory analysis. Purpose: To determine the clinical symptoms, confirmation of diagnosis, and therapy used for babesiosis conditions in dogs. Method: Analysis was conducted on 22 literature cases of babesiosis in dogs with a publication period of 2013-2023. The analysis was carried out using the descriptive analysis method, a problem-solving procedure that describes the condition of the subject or object based on facts, characteristics, and any relationships between the phenomena being investigated. Qualitative research methods were used to examine natural object conditions, as a key instrument. Data source sampling was done purposively, the data collection techniques were combined, the data analysis was either inductive or qualitative, and qualitative research results emphasize meaning. Result:  Dog patients with babesiosis have the highest prevalence of clinical symptoms, namely anorexia (62.5%), vomiting (33.3%), pyrexia (54.16%) lethargy (45.83%), brownish urination (29.16%), and ectoparasite infestation (29.16%). Confirmation of the diagnosis carried out included the microscopic examination of blood smears (100%), hematology (91.66%), blood chemistry (41.66%), and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (20.83%). The therapeutic management used included 3 combinations of antibiotics in 7 cases (31.81%), combination therapy of 2 antibiotics and an antiparasitic in 3 cases (13.63%), and combination therapy of 1 antibiotic and antiparasitic in 3 cases (13.63%).  Conclusion:  Antiparasitic therapy that can be used is imidocarb dipropionate, which works by inhibiting inositol in the erythrocytes infected with Babesia spp. and diminazene aceturate, which works by disrupting parasite DNA synthesis.
Recent advances in porous multimetallic alloy-based anodes for rechargeable alkali metal-ion batteries
Authors: Ipadeola Adewale K. , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Eid Kamel
Published: November 2024

The rechargeable alkali metal-ion batteries (RAMIBs) are highly promising candidates for next-generation efficient energy storage devices, owing to their outstanding theoretical specific capacities and extremely low electrochemical potentials. However, RAMIBs possess unsuitable lifespans, low mechanical durability and inevitable side reactions attributable to their inherent severe volumetric/structure alteration during the charge-discharge cycles. These hitches could be solved using porous multimetallic alloy-based anodes, due to their impressive specific capacities, low working potential, low cost, and earth-abundance, which can meet sustainability and practical application needs. Meanwhile, great surface area, electrical conductivity, structural stability, and ability to accommodate the generated alkali metal ions can yield satisfactory coulomb efficiency and long durability. Immense efforts are dedicated to rationally designing porous multimetallic alloy-based anodes for RAMIBs, so it is essential to provide timely updates on this research area. Herein, we reviewed recent advances in porous multimetallic alloy-based anodes (i.e., Sn, Mn, Mo, Co, V, and Fe) for RAMIBs (i.e., lithium-ion batteries, sodium-ion batteries, and potassium-ion batteries. This is rooted in the engineering approaches (i.e., template-based, hydrothermal/solvothermal, chemical reduction, electrochemical deposition, sol-gel, and electrospinning) to fundamental insights (i.e., mechanisms, key parameters, and calculations) and precise evaluation for structural changes, and mechanisms by various experimental, theoretical, and in-situ analysis to optimizing their performance. Also, advances in RAMIBs recycling and circular economy were discussed. Eventually, we highlighted the current drawbacks and provided proposed perspectives to solve these issues and enable practical utilization of such anodes for large-scale applications.
India's Cooperation with the EAEU and the SCO
Authors: Malyshev D. , Kurylev K. , Smolik N. , Stanis D.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with the interaction between the Republic of India (RI) and the main Eurasian structures that operate in the space of the former Soviet Union – the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). With the emergence of a polycentric world order, marked, among other things, by the entry into the international arena of states that used to be categorized as developing, the study of their new role in the political, economic, and military-political spheres is of particular relevance. In this regard, identification of peculiarities of India’s interaction with the SCO and the EAEU is of specific importance in determining the role of India as a large state and an influential player both in the Asian region and in the world. Various aspects of India’s foreign policy activities at the historical and contemporary stages, including relations with Russia, have already received quite detailed coverage in Russian and foreign academic literature. Along with the consideration of individual aspects of India’s cooperation with the SCO, much attention is paid by IR and Oriental Studies researchers to India’s uneasy relations with China and Pakistan. At the same time, the problem of India’s participation in the implementation of Eurasian integration projects within the SCO and, moreover, the EAEU demands more attention. This has determined the aim of this article, which has several objectives: to analyze main historical stages of India’s interaction with Russia and the USSR; to study India’s foreign policy priorities in dealing with the SCO and EAEU; to reveal the influence of India, China, and Pakistan on the SCO activities and interstate relations within this organization; to determine India’s political-strategic, trade, and economic preferences in the Eurasian space. The relations with India, which is turning into new Asian giant, may in the future contribute to the establishment of both the SCO and the EAEU as influential world centers. The Indian participation may help in activating their internal and external potential, which will objectively contribute to a more dynamic formation of a new Greater Eurasia.
Comparative Analysis of Germany’s and France’s Military Aid to Ukraine (2022–2024)
Authors: Timofeev P. , Khorolskaya M.
Published: November 2024

The article examines German and French strategies for military support of Kyiv starting from 2022. The analysis reveals two different models for military assistance, although gradually they became more similar. While France distributes money mainly by means of the European Peace Facility, Germany focuses more on bilateral support. Having not much military equipment in stock, Paris started delivering military equipment from the French army and later established a special fund to provide direct supplies to Ukraine. Berlin, at first, tended to avoid the delivery of heavy weapons, participation in “Ringtausch” and transfer of weapons from Bundeswehr stocks, but later bought more military equipment from German industry through state funds for security capacity building. Since 2024, both countries have been involved in capability coalitions for military support of Ukraine. France and Germany went through three stages of their policies: 1) restricted deliveries of European weapons to Ukraine (spring 2022); 2) a gradual increase in EU military supplies from stock, and the launch of production (second half of 2022 – early 2023); 3) increase of the military industry capacity (2023–2024). Both countries stimulate each other to support Ukraine, but their volumes of supplies and types of weapons do not always coincide. Both countries have to increase their military capacities to fulfill commitments for Ukraine, especially the production of the SAM system IRIS-T SLM and self-propelled howitzer CAESAR as well as the launch of new facilities for artillery shells. The authors conclude that Paris and Berlin have no joint projects and agreements for joint procurement. Thus, unlike other crises, the current conflict makes France and Germany act in parallel, but not together.
Carbon Credits in Decarbonization Strategies of Oil and Gas Companies
Authors: Kopytin I.
Published: November 2024

Carbon credits are an increasingly important tool for decarbonization. They are of particular importance to oil and gas and other energy companies for which burning fuel comprise the core of the business. The two main sources behind carbon credit emission are renewable energy projects and projects to sequester greenhouse gas emissions from natural systems, mainly forests. Without offsetting mechanisms, including nature-based solutions, companies with high carbon footprint are fundamentally unable to achieve net carbon neutrality. Despite challenges, the voluntary carbon credits markets continue to grow. In 2020–2022 the world’s 34 largest companies by capitalization bought certificates equal to 38 million tons of carbon emissions, which is equivalent to the combined greenhouse gas emissions of Ethiopia and Kenya. 50% of these credits were purchased by oil and gas companies and 28% by automobile concerns. In the near future, voluntary carbon markets will continue develop in an imperfect mode of trial and error, which is inherent to all markets at their early stages of development. The author shares the view that a large-scale non-ideal credit/offset market will be more conducive to solving the strategic task of decarbonizing economic growth than an ideally organized but small-scale market. In principle, this position is supported by authoritative regulators, whose policy is critical for the development of a new market. In May 2024, key economic departments of the US government, including the Department of Agriculture, the Department of Energy and, most importantly, the Department of the Treasury, unequivocally supported the development of a carbon credit market that promotes decarbonization, opens up new opportunities for investment in climate projects and enables realization of wide externalities that positively influence economic growth and preservation of biodiversity.
Enhancing Air Travel Analysis: Forecasting Domestic Flight Activities in Indonesia based on Aircraft Types using MLP
Authors: Utari Dina Tri , Sumarna Zahra Maharani Putri
Published: November 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has succeeded in bringing down various industrial sectors, including the aviation industry. This pandemic impacted the depletion of the operational fleet. In 2022, the number of domestic aircraft ready for operation was only around 55%–60% compared to 2019. However, with all its limitations, the aviation industry must develop the best strategy to revive in this post-pandemic era. One of the strategies undertaken is selecting the most efficient and economical aircraft type to cut costs amid market uncertainty due to this pandemic. In this regard, research was carried out to predict when aviation activity in Indonesia would reach regular in January 2020 and the forecast for the dominance of aircraft types in domestic flight. Multilayer Perceptrons (MLP) show that domestic flight activities in Indonesia will reach the standard point in March 2024. From the forecast result, the error rate using MAPE is 0.52%. The aircraft that dominates Indonesia’s domestic flight activities during 2020–2022 is the Airbus 320 type. Meanwhile, for the next two years—2023 & 2024—it is predicted that the Airbus 320 type will continue to dominate the flights.
PENGARUH PEMLASTIS GLISEROL DAN SORBITOL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BIOPLASTIK BERBAHAN PATI UBI MBOTE
Authors: Hamzah Imron , N Lailatin , S Gancang
Published: November 2024

Bioplastik merupakan plastik biopolimer berbahan dasar pati yang mudah terdegradasi oleh mikroorganisme tanah dan dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti plastik konvensional. Pati ubi jalar Mbot berpotensi sebagai bahan baku pembuatan bioplastik dengan penambahan gliserol dan sorbitol sebagai plasticizer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemlastis dengan volume yang berbeda. Tahapan pembuatan bioplastik adalah pembuatan pati, pencampuran bahan dan plasticizer, pemanasan, pencetakan dan pengeringan. Pemlastis yang digunkan yaitu gliserol dan sorbitol dengan variasi komposisi pemlastis 0, 0,6, 0,9, 1,2, 1,5 ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kuat tarik maksimum bioplastik pemlastis gliserol (56,12±0,06) MPa dengan elongasi (5,23±1,43) %, untuk bioplastik dengan sorbitol, nilai kuat tarik maksimumnya adalah (70,66±0,09) MPa serta memiliki nilai elongasi (7,85±0,08). Hasil maksimum uji degradable pemlastis gliserol diperoleh pada volume 1,2 yaitu 46,93 %, sedangkan untuk kemampuan degradabilitas sebesar 3,28 mg/hari dan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk hancur selama 14 hari 9 jam, pemlastis sorbitol diperoleh pada volume 1,2 yaitu 61,4 %, untuk waktu degradibilitas sebesar 5 mg/hari dan waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk hancur selama 11 hari 4 jam. Hasil maksimum uji lingkungan pemlastis gliserol diperoleh pada volume 0,9 sebesar 20,00±0,39 %, untuk pemlastis sorbitol diperoleh pada volume 1,5 sebesar 14,00±0,51 %.
 
Kata kunci : Pemlastis Gliserol dan Sorbitol, pati Ubi Mbote, Bioplastik
Stock Price Analysis Based on Time Range as a Basis for Determining the Optimal Forecasting Method
Authors: Muhammad Hubbi , Pramesti Melyna Mustofa
Published: November 2024

The modeling of stock prices for telecommunications companies in Indonesia (TBIG.JK, TLKM.JK, XL.JK, ISAT.JK, TOWR.JK) is examined in this study by considering three time periods: 1 year, 5 years, and 10 years. The analysis results indicate that the distribution of stock prices for each company and time period varies, with some stocks exhibiting a distribution close to normal while others show high kurtosis. These findings suggest that the assumption of normal distribution may not be appropriate for all cases, making it essential to select a stock price prediction model that takes into account the specific distribution characteristics for each company and time period
Alginate-Based Microbeads from Encapsulated Cosmos Caudatus K. Extracts: In Vitro Release Profiles
Authors: Fadlila Safina Samara Nur , Puspita Oktavia Eka , Ningsih Zubaidah , Safitri Anna
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate the microencapsulation of C. caudatus K. leaves extract under optimal conditions, focusing on its potential as a therapeutic option for type 2 diabetes. In order to determine the inhibitory effect on the α-amylase enzyme, which plays a crucial role in glucose metabolism, biological activity assays were performed. The procedure of effectively encapsulating the substance was achieved at a pH level of 6 using sodium alginate at a concentration of 2% (w/v), resulting in a 77.2% percentage of encapsulation. The experiment involving the inhibition of α-amylase exhibited an IC50 value of 69.44 ± 0.924 μg/mL, demonstrating the significant biological activity of the microcapsules. The bioactive substances encapsulated in the microcapsules were released during intervals 30-120 min, at pH conditions of 2.2 and 7.4. The release of bioactive substances was only 2.32 % after 120 minutes at a pH of 2.2, whereas it increased to 64.54 % at a pH of 7.4. This discovery indicates that the microcapsules contain the capability to be utilized for the regulated delivery of drugs. The findings of this research demonstrate the potential to develop herbal medicines with therapeutic properties through microencapsulation, providing an excellent opportunity for managing type 2 diabetes.
The effect of smoking on hearing: The invisible part of the iceberg
Authors: Sendesen Eser , Demirtaş Beyza , Türkyılmaz Didem , Sennaroğlu Gonca
Published: November 2024

Objectives Previous studies have had conflicting results regarding the potential effect of smoking on hearing. One reason for the conflicting results may be the limited number of studies evaluating extended high-frequency hearing thresholds among these studies. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the potential effect of smoking on hearing using extended high-frequency hearing thresholds.
Materials and Methods A total of 80 participants aged 20-30 with normal hearing (0.125-8 kHz hearing thresholds ≤ 15 dB HL) were included in this study. Extended high-frequency hearing thresholds in each ear of all participants were evaluated in the range of 9-20 kHz. The cigarette consumption of smokers was determined according to the Brinkman Index.
Results There was a significant difference between the study and control groups in pure-tone hearing thresholds. This difference started to increase after 9 kHz in the right ear and 10 kHz in the left ear. Also, there was a highly positive correlation between Brinkman Index and hearing thresholds at all extended high-frequencies.
Conclusion The present study suggests that smoking has a potential effect on hearing, especially on high-frequency hearing thresholds. Also, this is the first study to show from which frequency pure tone hearing thresholds are affected in smoking. Clinicians should not be limited to the frequency range used in the routine audiological evaluation and should not ignore extended high-frequency hearing thresholds not to overlook possible conditions that may affect hearing.
Bağımsız Bileşenler Analizinde Örneklem Frekansının Etkisi ve Tekrarlanabilirlik
Authors: Erbil Nurhan
Published: November 2024

Amaç: BBA (Bağımsız Bileşenler Analizi), derin öğrenme infomax algoritmasını kullanan doğrusal veri ayrıştırma yöntemlerinden biridir. BBA, EEG verilerini yersel ve zamansal özellikleri üzerinden ayrıştırmakta, EEG verileri ve OIP açısından gürültü olarak kabul edilen sinyallerin ayrıştırılmasında sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Lateralize ışık uyaranının kullanıldığı bir deneme sırasında kaydedilen EEG verileri kullanılarak, BBA bileşenlerinin hesaplanmasında örneklem frekansının etkisi incelenmiş, tekrarlanabilirliği ele alınmıştır. EEG örneklem frekansının 250Hz olduğu veri seti için bir, 500Hz’lik EEG veri seti için ise üç kez BBA bileşenleri hesaplanmıştır.
Bulgular: 250Hz ve 500Hz’lik örneklem frekanslarının kullanıldığı EEG verilerine ait BBA bileşenlerinin, topografik ve spektral gösterim ve zamansal değişim açısından farklı olduğu görülmüştür. 500Hz’lik örneklem frekansı ile elde edilen BBA bileşenleri arasında topografi ve polarite açısından farklılıklar gözlendi.
Sonuç: BBA uygulanırken EEG verilerindeki gürültü, kullanılan örneklem frekansı, öğrenme sürecinin durdurulmasında kullanılan değişkenin dikkate alınması büyük önem taşımaktadır. BBA ile elde edilen bileşenler incelenirken tekrarlanabilirliği mutlaka test edilmelidir.
The Relationship between Orthorexic Tendency and Bread Consumption Habits in Adults: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Yassıbaş Emine , Gençer Bingöl Feray
Published: November 2024

Objective: Recently, bread is a frequently discussed food whether it is healthy or not, due to its high carbohydrate and gluten content. It is thought that negative attitudes toward bread may effect on eating behavior. The present study examined attitudes toward bread consumption and orthorexic tendency.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 1220 adults. Data including the type and amount of consumed bread, food consumption frequencies and the ORTO-15 scale were collected through a questionnaire. Three stepwise linear regressions were conducted to evaluate the related factors with orthorexic tendency.
Results: It was determined that 66.6% of the individuals had an orthorexic tendency. The idea that bread is an unhealthy food was more common in individuals with an orthorexic tendency (p<0.05). Similarly, the percentage of individuals who do not consume any bread was approximately 3 times higher among individuals with orthorexic tendency (p<0.05). Also, daily bread consumption amount (134.1±72.22 g vs. 152.9±76.71 g) and carbohydrate intake (200.7±110.45 g vs. 225.7±111.58 g) were found to be significantly lower in individuals with orthorexic tendency (p<0.05). High educational level, consuming whole grain bread, and low carbohydrate intake were associated with higher levels of orthorexic tendencies according to ORTO-15 scores (p<0.05).
Conclusions: These results indicate that the orthorexic tendency was higher in individuals with negative attitudes toward bread. In this respect, it seems important to increase the awareness of individuals about healthy bread types and the amounts to be consumed in terms of gaining healthier eating behaviors/of improving their eating behaviors.
Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinde Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu Semptomları Ve Yorgunluk İle Akademik Başarı Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Tuğrul Emel
Published: November 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, hemşirelik öğrencilerinde obstrüktif uyku apne sendromu semptomları ve buna bağlı olarak gelişen yorgunluk ile öğrencilerin akademik performansı arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma Şubat-Ağustos 2020 tarihleri arasında 250 hemşirelik öğrencisi ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma analitik-kesitsel tiptedir. Verilerin toplanmasında; soru formu, Berlin Anketi, Epworth Skalası ve yorgunluk ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veriler sayı, yüzde, ortalama ve Pearson korelasyon testi ile değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın yürütülebilmesi için etik kurul izni ve ilgili kurum izni alınmıştır.
Bulgular: Öğrencilerin yaş ortalamasının 20.61±1.92 ve %67.2’sinin kadın olduğu belirlendi. Berlin anketine göre öğrencilerin %45.2’sinin Obstrüktif Uyku Apne Sendromu (OUAS) riskinin yüksek olduğu, %12’sinde horlama problemi olduğu ve %6’sının belirli aralıklarla uykuda tanıklı apne problemi yaşadığı saptandı. Epworth puan ortalamasının 6.29±4.21 ve yorgunluk ölçeği toplam puan ortalamasının 69.64±19.35 olduğu belirlendi.
Sonuç: Öğrencilerin akademik başarıları ile boyun çevreleri, beden kitle indeksleri, uyku sonrası yorgunluk ve tanıklı apne arasında ve yorgunluk ölçeği alt boyutlarından konsantrasyon alt boyutu arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlendi (p<0.05). Çalışmada öğrencilerin yarıya yakınında OUAS riskinin yüksek olduğu fakat tüm semptomların akademik başarı ile ilişkili olmadığı belirlendi. Bunun yanında yorgunluk ölçeğine göre; öğrencilerin konsantrasyon düzeyleri azaldıkça akademik başarılarının da azaldığı belirlendi.
No Difference in Outcomes, Complications, or Revision Rate for Obese vs. Nonobese Patients Following Hip Resurfacing Arthroplasty
Authors: Shanaa Jean , Asad Shaheryar , Bindra Guneet S. , Augustynski Robert , Marwin Scott
Published: November 2024

Background:

Hip resurfacing arthroplasty (HRA) offers numerous benefits over total hip replacements such as increased preservation of natural bone, improved range of motion, and lower dislocation risks. However, patient selection is crucial, with factors such as bone quality, activity level, and body mass index (BMI) playing significant roles. Obesity in particular poses challenges, potentially increasing mechanical load on the joint, complicating surgical techniques, and affecting both immediate and long-term outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate outcomes of HRA in obese vs. nonobese patients to determine if obesity should be considered a contraindication to HRA or if similar treatment approaches can be applied.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases with specific search terms related to HRA and obesity. Articles were screened by title and abstract, followed by full-text review. Data extraction focused on demographic and study variables such as sex, age, BMI, complication and revision rates, and patient-reported outcomes. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to compare University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) scores, Harris hip scores, complication rates, and revision rates between obese and nonobese patients, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results:

From an initial pool of 39 articles, 4 met inclusion criteria, encompassing 1,385 patients. Analysis revealed a pooled mean age of 50.92 years and a complication rate of 9.83% in obese vs. 4.7% in nonobese patients. Revision rates were 1.15% for obese and 3.70% for nonobese patients. The difference in postoperative UCLA scores, complication rates, and revision rates were deemed not statistically significant.

Conclusion:

The comparability in patient-reported outcomes, complication rates, and revision rates between obese and nonobese cohorts suggests that although heightened vigilance and tailored approaches may be warranted in obese patients, obesity alone should not preclude patients from undergoing HRA. These findings advocate for a more nuanced approach to patient selection, emphasizing individualized assessment over generalized BMI cutoffs. Future HRA research should focus on long-term follow-up and larger cohort studies to further validate these results.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, systematic review of Level II and III studies. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Magma chamber longevity on Mars and its controls on crustal structure and composition
Authors: Chatterjee Arka , Huber Christian , III James Head , Bachmann Olivier
Published: November 2024

In volcanically active planetary bodies, the depths and longevity of crustal magma storage critically control eruptibility and crustal composition. A paucity of relevant observations and models has challenged our understanding of the development of crustal magma storage systems in Mars and their role in the apparent lack of evolved compositions. Here, we use numerical modelling, together with recent results from the InSight mission, to study the evolution of crustal magma chambers on Mars and conditions that promote their growth and eruptibility. We find that the Martian crust can be divided, by depth, into three major domains. For Elysium Planitia (the InSight landing site), at depths ≤15km (~1.5kbar), trapped magma pods are small, short-lived, with high diking potential, hindering the production of evolved compositions. While depths >25km (~2.5kbar) can host long-lived magma chambers, 15-25km (~2 ± 0.5kbar) marks a transition where magma chambers could grow while concurrently expelling magma. Interestingly, this narrow depth window overlaps with the depth of an intra-crustal discontinuity reported by InSight, suggesting a possible magmatic origin for the discontinuity. We further show that the crustal thermal gradient strongly controls this transition depth, indicating the possible variability of the domain depths in different terrains. Our results also support the likelihood of deep-seated magmatism beneath the seismically active Cerberus Fossae, suggesting that magmatism continues to play a major role in shaping the Martian crust.
WITHDRAWN: Comparative investigation of vapour compression-triple effect absorption cascade refrigeration system operating with different refrigerants in vapour compression cycle
Authors: Naga Sakshi , Rajput SPS
Published: November 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors due to author disagreement with the posting of the preprint. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
RLion: A Refined Lion Optimizer for Deep Learning
Authors: Rong Jian , Ma ChenHao , Zhang QingHui , Cao Yong
Published: November 2024

Optimization algorithms play a fundamental role in training neural networks. The optimizer focuses on the updating weights ofmomentum and velocity on learning rates and losses, furthermore the complexity of the optimizer and the quantity of updatedparameters are considered. In this paper, a RLion(Refined Lion Optimizer) based on the Lion optimizer is denoted with ascaleable factor α and arctan operation to denote the update rule θt = θt−1 − ηt ( 2π arctan(α ∗ ˆmt ) + λ θt−1). arctan is continousmonotonic function and its expectation, variation are less than those of sign, also the θ ’s fluctuation of RLion is less than that ofLion. The higher α, the convey faster. The RLion is able to smooth out the fluctuations, converge faster and more reliable.The FasterNet, EfficientNetV2 and the YOLO_V8 with ImageNet1k dataset are trained without warm up for classificationleveraging the RLion optimizer. Object detection with Vision Transformers on Caltech 101 dataset and the DeepLabV3+ forsemantic segmentation on camera data are trained with AdamW, Lion and RLion optimizer too. Compared to the AdamWand Lion optimizer, the loss and accuracy present the RLion can promote the validation accuracy about 0 ∼ +20% higher thanAdamW on many models even the learning rate is as high as AdamW. The RLion has better convergence performance andversatility.
The Risk of Exposure and Psychological Impact of COVID-19 in healthcare workers at the primary level in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Allotey Naa Korkor , Adams Sherifdeen
Published: November 2024

Background
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, both lives and livelihoods have been profoundly impacted, particularly in the healthcare sector. In Ghana, healthcare workers have faced an increased risk of contracting the virus and its potentially fatal consequences due to their close contact with infected patients, leading to significant mental and emotional distress. This study assesses the risk of exposure and the psychological impact of COVID-19 on healthcare workers at the primary level in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.
Methods
The study employed a cross-sectional design, collecting data from 97 healthcare workers in primary health facilities within the Greater Accra Region. Mental health conditions were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item, the Impact Event Scale 6-item and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item scale. To assess healthcare workers' risk of exposure to COVID-19, participants responded to a set of questions based on the WHO’s cardinal symptoms of the virus. Data were analysed using STATA version 15, with results presented through frequencies, percentages, and both univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was set at 0.05, with 95% confidence intervals assessed.
Results
Healthcare workers experienced an increased exposure to COVID-19 and were at risk (82.5%) of contracting the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet mental health issues were significantly improved except for depression (71.1%) among healthcare workers. Family avoidance, alcohol use, and job categories (such as CHOs, public health nurses, and others) were significantly related to anxiety, depression, and stress among healthcare workers during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Family avoidance in particular was significant for both anxiety AOR = 8.17 and stress AOR = 25.71.
Conclusion
The majority of healthcare workers experienced increased exposure to COVID-19 and were at risk of contracting the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants in the age range of 30–39 years, Females, those with tertiary education, CHNs, and those with less than 5 years of working experience confirmed or felt depressed, anxious, and stressed among healthcare workers at the primary levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The health system must acknowledge the adverse psychological effects on primary healthcare workers and take practical measures to address them, such as ensuring the availability of PPE.
Psychological characteristics of in-group favoritism in internet altruistic behavior transmission
Authors: Chen Huiping
Published: November 2024

“Pay-it-forward reciprocity” refers to the phenomenon of altruistic behavior being transmitted between strangers when one stranger shows goodwill toward a third party. This study implemented two experiments to explore the characteristics of Internet altruistic behavior transmission (IABT). Experiment 1 (participants: n = 312, college students, mean age = 20.11 years, SD = 1.45) used a specifically-designed situational questionnaire and situational recall tasks to examine whether Internet altruistic behavior (IAB) can be transmitted between strangers. Results showed that the level of IAB in the experimental group was higher compared to that of participants who did not experience IAB from strangers. That is, individuals who received online help from others tended to then help other strangers later on. Experiment 2 (participants: n = 274, college students, mean age = 19.68 years, SD = 1.02) investigated whether an in-group favoritism effect was present in IABT, and revealed that individuals showed a greater degree of IABT toward in-groups than to outgroups. These findings are consistent with the self-classification theory, which says that individuals categorize themselves into different groups based on similarities and differences with others, and are inclined to adopt behaviors that align with the identity of the categorized group, this implies that individuals are more likely to transmit IAB to their in-group.