Optimal use of the Prede POM sky radiometer for aerosol, water vapor, and ozone retrievals
Authors: Kudo Rei , Diémoz Henri , Estellés Victor , Campanelli Monica , Momoi Masahiro , Marenco Franco , Ryder Claire L. , Ijima Osamu , Uchiyama Akihiro , Nakashima Kouichi , Yamazaki Akihiro , Nagasawa Ryoji , Ohkawara Nozomu , Ishida Haruma 
Published: May 2021

Abstract. The Prede POM sky radiometer is a filter radiometer
deployed worldwide in the SKYNET international network. A new method, called
Skyrad pack MRI version 2 (MRI v2), is presented here to retrieve aerosol
properties (size distribution, real and imaginary parts of the refractive
index, single-scattering albedo, asymmetry factor, lidar ratio, and linear
depolarization ratio), water vapor, and ozone column concentrations from the
sky radiometer measurements. MRI v2 overcomes two limitations of previous
methods (Skyrad pack versions 4.2 and 5, MRI version 1). One is the use
of all the wavelengths of 315, 340, 380, 400, 500, 675, 870, 940, 1020,
1627, and 2200 nm if available from the sky radiometers, for example, in
POM-02 models. The previous methods cannot use the wavelengths of 315, 940,
1627, and 2200 nm. This enables us to provide improved estimates of the
aerosol optical properties, covering almost all the wavelengths of solar
radiation. The other is the use of measurements in the principal plane
geometry in addition to the solar almucantar plane geometry that is used in
the previous versions. Measurements in the principal plane are regularly
performed; however, they are currently not exploited despite being useful in
the case of small solar zenith angles when the scattering angle
distribution for almucantars becomes too small to yield useful information.
Moreover, in the inversion algorithm, MRI v2 optimizes the smoothness
constraints of the spectral dependencies of the refractive index and size
distribution, and it changes the contribution of the diffuse radiances to the
cost function according to the aerosol optical depth. This overcomes issues
with the estimation of the size distribution and single-scattering albedo in
the Skyrad pack version 4.2. The scattering model used here allows for
non-spherical particles, improving results for mineral dust and permitting
evaluation of the depolarization ratio. An assessment of the retrieval uncertainties using synthetic measurements
shows that the best performance is obtained when the aerosol optical depth is
larger than 0.2 at 500 nm. Improvements over the Skyrad pack versions 4.2
and 5 are obtained for the retrieved size distribution, imaginary part of
the refractive index, single-scattering albedo, and lidar ratio at Tsukuba,
Japan, while yielding comparable retrievals of the aerosol optical depth,
real part of the refractive index, and asymmetry factor. A radiative closure
study using surface solar irradiances from the Baseline Surface Radiation
Network and the parameters retrieved from MRI v2 showed consistency, with a
positive bias of the simulated global irradiance of about +1 %.
Furthermore, the MRI v2 retrievals of the refractive index,
single-scattering albedo, asymmetry factor, and size distribution have been
found to be in agreement with integrated profiles of aircraft in situ measurements
of two Saharan dust events at the Cape Verde archipelago during the Sunphotometer Airborne Validation Experiment in Dust (SAVEX-D)
2015 field campaign.