bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DENDROGRAMA DE MANEJO DA DENSIDADE PARA UMA FLORESTA INEQUIÂNEA DE ARAUCÁRIA
Authors: Costa Emanuel Arnoni , Finger César Augusto Guimarães , Fleig Frederico Dimas , Hess André Felipe , Marangon Gabriel Paes
Published: July 2016

O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver dendrogramas de manejo da densidade para uma Floresta Inequiânea de Araucária, localizada no município de Lages, SC. Foram amostrados locais com predomínio de árvores de Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze crescendo sob elevada competição para determinar a área basal por hectare, o número de árvores por hectare, diâmetro de área basal média, volume por hectare, altura dominante e altura média, aplicando o método de densidade pontual proposto por Spurr (1962). O modelo de Reineke (1933) foi ajustado e teve recalculado o valor de intercepto para definir a linha de máxima densidade. O volume médio comercial no ponto amostral foi estimado com o ajuste do modelo de Schumacher e Hall (1933). Todos os modelos foram avaliados quanto a suas estatísticas de ajuste, precisão e análise gráfica dos resíduos. O coeficiente angular do modelo de Reineke (1933) foi de -1,5192, confirmando a Lei da Potência de -3/2 de autodesbaste. Dendrogramas de manejo desenvolvidos para área basal, volume comercial em função do número de árvores por hectare e diâmetro de área basal média, podem auxiliar nas intervenções florestais, otimizando a produção de acordo com a condição do local e características de crescimento das espécies.
Growth and quality of australian cedar saplings originated from different multiclonal minigarden systems
Authors: Silva Mírian Peixoto Soares da , Barroso Deborah Guerra , Souza Juliana Sobreira de , Ferreira Daniele De Alvarenga , Oliveira Taiane Pires de Freitas de , Lamônica Kelly Ribeiro , Marinho Cláudia Sales
Published: July 2016

Forestry researchers often evaluate minicutting vegetative propagation of Australian cedar (Toona ciliata) as a viable technique for this species. However, the adoption of minigarden systems for commercial propagation still requires viability and quality testing of saplings produced after multiple harvests. In the present work, we evaluate survival, growth, and quality of Australian cedar saplings grown from minicuttings originating from multiple harvests of ministumps planted in gutter or tube systems. Experiments were conducted in a greenhouse using a completely randomized design with a 2 × 4 factorial treatment structure (two minigarden systems and four minicutting harvests). For the gutter system, six minicutting harvests were performed 50, 86, 115, 149, 177 and 212 days after planting ministumps, whereas for the tube system, four harvests were performed 115, 149, 177 and 212 days after planting ministumps. At the end of each sapling production cycle (105 days after each minicutting harvest), saplings were evaluated for survival, foliar area, dry mass of aerial parts, number and length of adventitious roots, dry mass of the root system, height to diameter ratio, ratio between the dry mass of aerial parts and dry mass of root system, and Dickson’s Quality Index. Sapling survival was not affected by minigarden system, except for a reduction observed in fourth cycle saplings from the tube system. Sapling quality was also similar between systems. However, sapling growth potential decreased with production cycle, indicating that ministumps lose vigor with multiple harvests.
Characterization, classification and analysis of the main properties of the Southwestern Goias soil
Authors: Fernandes Kathleen Lourenço , Ribon Adriana Aparecida , Marques Junior José , Bahia Angélica Santos Rabelo de Souza , Tavares Filho João
Published: July 2016

Characterization of the soil and the grouping of its properties through main component analysis can assist in the classification and observation of the consequences of the conversion of native forest areas in pastures. Such data can aid in management practices. Considering the lack of studies in Cerrado soils of south-western Goias, developed metagranites of Jurubatuba suite, the objective was to classify and study the physical, chemical and mineralogical soil (under native forest and pasture) Southwest of Goias. Soil sampling and classification followed the Field Methods Manual and the Brazilian System of Soil Classification, respectively. The physical, chemical and mineralogical soil were studied, as well as main component analysis made for these attributes. The profile 1 under native forest was classified as “Cambissolo Háplico Tb eutrófico latossólico”. The profile 2 under degraded pasture was rated “Latossolo Amarelo eutrófico típico”. In addition, the profile 3 under rotated pasture was rated as “Latossolo Vermelho eutrófico chernossólico”. It was observed that the “Latossolos” have higher bulk density and soil penetration resistance, indicating greater soil compaction. They showed high amounts of iron oxides and minor amount of nutrients such as calcium and magnesium. The principal component analysis allowed the grouping of profiles into two groups. Group 1 brought together the properties related to “Latossolos”, and the second was related to “Cambissolo” properties. Thus, the principal components analysis aids the understanding of soil properties and the grouping of soils with similar characteristics, the level of order and management.
Effect of sugarcane waste in the control of interrill erosion
Authors: Valim Wander Cardoso , Panachuki Elói , Pavei Dorly Scariot , Alves Sobrinho Teodorico , Almeida Wilk Sampaio
Published: July 2016

The cultivation of sugarcane uses different cropping systems that result in varying quantities of crop waste, this may influence soil erosion. The objective of this study was to evaluate the loss of soil and water, the infiltration rate, and soil surface roughness in an area cultivated with sugarcane (Saccharum spp.). Six treatments with different levels of plant waste were evaluated: sugarcane without plant waste; sugarcane with 4.0 Mg ha-1 of waste; sugarcane with 8.0 Mg ha-1 of waste; sugarcane with 12.0 Mg ha-1 of waste; sugarcane with 16.0 Mg ha-1 of waste; and burned sugarcane. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications, totalling 24 experimental plots. As soil depth increased, there is reduction in macroporosity, total soil porosity, organic carbon content, mean geometric diameter and weighted mean diameter of the soil aggregates, whereas the bulk density of the soil displays the opposite trend. The presence of sugarcane waste on the soil surface increases the time required for the initiation of surface runoff. Sugarcane waste does not alter soil surface roughness, and at the minimum amount of waste administered (4 Mg ha-1) reduces losses of soil and water and increases the infiltration rate. The lack of soil surface coverage after harvesting the sugarcane contributes to soil and water loss, and reduces the rate of stable infiltration of water into the soil.
Nutritional and biochemical changes induced by lead in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)
Authors: Abreu Claudia Brito de , Sacramento Bárbara Lima do , Alves Andréia Teixeira , Moura Silvany Cardim , Pinelli Milena Santos , Azevedo Neto André Dias de
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing concentrations of lead (Pb) in the nutrient solution on growth and macronutrient and organic solute contents of Helianthus annuus plants. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. The dry mass yield was not affected by the treatments up to a Pb concentration of 0.6 mM, indicating that H. annuus was tolerant to this Pb concentration in the growth medium. The reductions in leaf, stem and root dry masses at a Pb concentration of 0.8 mM were 74, 84 and 85%, respectively. Lead stress did not reduce the levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), indicating that the growth reduction observed at 0.8 mM Pb could not be attributed to deficiencies of these nutrients. On the other hand, Pb significantly reduced calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) contents in leaves, stems and roots, which might, at least in part, explain the Pb-induced growth reduction in the H. annuus plants. Pb increased soluble carbohydrate, free amino acid and proline contents in leaves, and soluble protein and proline contents in roots, showing stress-induced changes in cell metabolism. The data also suggest that Ca and Mg concentrations may be used as nutritional indicators and the proline content may be used as a biochemical indicator of Pb toxicity in H. annuus.
Rates of nitrogen from nitric and ammoniacal sources required by upland rice genotypes originating from Brazil and Colombia
Authors: Contreras Hector Augusto Sandoval , Contreras Mario Sandoval , Barzan Renan Ribeiro , Silvestre João Pedro , Brito Osmar Rodrigues
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the initial growth, nitrogen (N) uptake, and agronomic efficiency after the use of N fertilizers in upland rice cultivation. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse by using pots filled with surface-layer (0 to 20 cm) soil collected from the municipality of Jaguapitã, Paraná. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replications. A factorial scheme of 5 × 2 was used, in which the factors were 5 N rates (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha-1 N) and 2 cultivars of rice (Fedearroz Lagunas [Colombian] and IAPAR- 9 [Brazilian]). The N sources tested were ammonium sulfate (Experiment I) and calcium nitrate (Experiment II). The following variables were evaluated: number of tillers per pot (NTP), dry mass of the shoots (DMS), N content in the dry mass (NCDM), and agronomic efficiency of N fertilizer (AEN). The data obtained in the experiments were evaluated using analysis of variance, and mean values were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% significance for rice cultivar effects or adjusted to polynomial regression equations for N rates. Use of calcium nitrate yielded higher values of NTP, NCDM, and AEN. The cultivar Lagunas showed higher NTP, while IAPAR-9 showed higher DMS. An increase in N rates, for both sources, resulted in the increase of NTP, DMS, and NCDM; however, AEN was decreased.
Weight gain, behavioral and cortisol changes after orchiectomy with or without local anaesthesia in piglets
Authors: Barticciotto Leticia Sturlini , Luna Stelio Pacca Loureiro , Lorena Sílvia Elaine Rodolfo de Sá , Telles Filipe Garcia , Berto Dirlei Antônio
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intratesticular local anesthesia on weight gain and behavioral and cortisol changes in piglets submitted to castration. Study design was a randomized controlled trial. Twenty-nine male Landrace crossbred piglets aged 3 to 6 days were used. The piglets were randomly divided into two groups: orchiectomy with anesthesia (A, n = 15) and orchiectomy without anesthesia (NOA, n = 14). Piglets in the A and NOA groups were treated with 0.5 mL of intratesticular 2% lidocaine with a vasoconstrictor in each testicle and 0.5 mL of intratesticular 0.9% sodium chloride, respectively. Blood samples were collected from all animals immediately after surgery and at 3 and 6 days postoperatively for measurement of the serum cortisol concentration. Behavior was assessed daily for 6 days by two observers blinded to the treatment. Weight was measured at the same time as cortisol measurement. Analysis of variance followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test was used to investigate differences in time within and between the two groups. Mean times of six evaluations done for 90 minutes during 6 days of each behavior were compared by Tukey t test. The level of statistical significance was 5%. The serum cortisol concentration was higher immediately after surgery than at 3 and 6 days postoperatively in both groups. Weight gain was greater at 3 and 6 days postoperatively in the A group than in the NOA group. Intratesticular local anesthesia before castration in piglets is technically practical, is in accordance with good welfare practice, and improves short-term weight gain in piglets submitted to castration.
Cryopreservation protocol for equine platelet-rich plasma
Authors: Kwirant Liomara Andressa do Amaral , De La Côrte Flavio Desessards , Brass Karin Erica , Rubin Mara Iolanda Batistella , França Raqueli Teresinha , Vieira Patrícia Soares , Cocco Mariana
Published: July 2016

In this preliminary study, a new equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) cryopreservation protocol was evaluated. PRP was obtained by a double centrifugation technique of whole blood collected from 8 adult healthy ponies. A fresh sample of PRP was analyzed for total platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet morphology. Upon morphological evaluation, 200 platelets were counted using a differential interference contrast microscope with a 40x phase objective and classified as activated (with pseudopodia), inactivated (normal discoid shape), or uncertain state (spherical shape, without pseudopodia). Two other PRP samples, one containing DMSO as a cryoprotectant and the other without DMSO, were stored in a mechanical freezer at –80ºC. After 14 days, the frozen samples were thawed and submitted to the same analysis as described above. The fresh PRP showed a platelet count of 830 (±95.3) x103 uL-1, an MPV of 5.2 (±0.07) fL, and composed of 4% activated platelets. There was no significant difference in platelet count, MPV, and activated platelets between fresh and 6% DMSO frozen PRP samples (617.9±65.5x103uL-1; 5.3±0.06fL; 9.5%) (p > 0.05). On the other hand, samples frozen without DMSO showed a significantly lower platelet count (519.6±66.1x103uL-1), higher MPV (5.7±0.08fL), and more activated platelets (13.9%) than the other groups (p < 0.05). The 6% DMSO was able to preserve platelet morphology in PRP stored at –80oC for 14 days, but studies on platelet function of thawed PRP are still needed.
Serum biochemistry profile in newborn Senepol and crossbred Holstein x Gir calves aged three to five days in Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Gomes Lara Reis , Rodrigues Renata Dias , Souza Rafael Rocha de , Bizare Amanda , Faria João Gabriel Knychala , Martins Christina Resende , Guimarães Ednaldo Carvalho , Mundim Antonio Vicente
Published: July 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological variations in the serum biochemical profile of neonate (3-5 days old) Senepol and crossbreed Holstein x Gir calves in Uberlândia, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, and to compare values between breeds and sexes. In total, 168 healthy Senepol (n = 80, 28 females and 52 males) and crossbred Holstein x Gir (n = 88, 49 females and 39 males) calves were evaluated. From each animal, approximately 5 mL of blood was collected by jugular venipuncture into a sterile tube without anticoagulant to obtain serum. Serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, creatinine, urea, total cholesterol, triglycerides, calcium, and phosphorus; and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were determined on a automated multichannel analyzer. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) in serum concentrations for total protein, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio (A:G), creatinine, urea, phosphorus, calcium/phosphorus ratio (Ca:P), AST, and GGT between Senepol calves and crossbred Holstein x Gir calves, but no significant differences in serum concentrations were observed between male and female calves for either breed (p > 0.05). It was concluded that the serum biochemistry profile of newborn Senepol and crossbred Holstein x Gir calves was affected by differences in colostrum intake management and breed characteristics. Also, no differences in blood parameters were observed between male and female calves.
Concentration of minerals in the hoof horny capsule of healthy and lame dairy cows
Authors: Barbosa Antonio Amaral , Luz Gabriela Bueno , Rabassa Viviane Rohrig , Corrêa Marcio Nunes , Martins Charles Ferreira , Del Pino Francisco Augusto Burkert
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the mineral concentrations in the hoof horny capsule of healthy Holstein cows and cows with hoof problems associated with laminitis. Twenty-one multiparous Holstein cows with an average production of 24 L of milk/day, reared with semi-extensive nutritional management, were studied. The animals were evaluated and divided into two groups based on their locomotion score (LS, range: 0 to 4). LS greater than 2 indicated laminitis-associated lesions (lame cow group: LC), and LS = 0 indicated cows without laminitis (CWL). A sample of 30 mm2 was collected from the hoof horny capsule at the abaxial wall to evaluate the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and magnesium. Calcium blood concentration was also evaluated. The LC group had lower magnesium concentration (P=0.008) and showed a trend (P=0.06) for lower calcium concentration compared to healthy animals (CWL), even though all animals were normocalcemic. The concentration of other minerals did not differ between the LC and CWL group. In conclusion, the magnesium concentration in the hoof horny capsule was lower in cows with lesions associated with laminitis, while phosphorus and zinc concentrations were not affected. The relationship between hoof lesions and calcium concentration requires further investigation.
Effect of concentrate supplementation during pre-kidding on the productive and reproductive performance of goats raised on Guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatã) pasture
Authors: Marques Raquel Ornelas , Gonçalves Heraldo Cesar , Meirelles Paulo Roberto De Lima , Cañizares Gil Ignacio Lara , Oliveira Giuliana Micai de , Gomes Helen Fernanda Barros , Fernandes Simone , Oliveira Aline Aparecida de , Brito Évelyn Prestes , Carmo Raphaela Felipe
Published: July 2016

Sixty goats (20 Alpine, 18 Anglo-Nubian, and 22 crossbred Boer), with average body weight 49.33 ± 1.41 kg, were raised on Panicum maximum cv. Tobiatã pasture with two different levels of concentrate supplementation, 300 (SL30) and 600 g kg-1 (SL60) of the daily requirements, and evaluated from the pre-mating season until an average of 110 days of lactation. Milk controls were performed every 14 days. The following milk production curve parameters were estimated: time to reach peak milk production (TP), peak milk production (PP) and milk production during the first 110 days of lactation (MP). The following milk components were determined: fat, protein, lactose, total solids (TS), defatted dry extract (DDE), urea nitrogen (UN) concentrations, and somatic cell count (SCC). Goat prolificacy and birth weight of the kids were also determined. Breed affected the lactation curve, with Alpine and Anglo- Nubian goats presenting higher TP, PP, and MP. Protein, TS, and DDE concentrations were also affected by breed, being higher for crossbred Boer goats. Milk fat, lactose concentrations, and the log of SCC were affected by the concentrate supplementation level, being higher for SL30, as well as by the breed, with crossbred Boer goats presenting higher fat concentrations and log of SCC, and crossbred Boer and Alpine goats presenting higher lactose concentrations. UN was affected by the stage of lactation. Prolificacy and birth weight were affected by breed and concentrate supplementation level, being higher for Anglo-Nubian and crossbred Boer goats with SL60. Kids from single births presented higher birth weights. The Anglo-Nubian breed presented good milk production and the best body condition, which might indicate the effectiveness of this production system, SL60 supplementation resulted in higher birth weight and prolificacy.
Sensory evaluation of beef and buffalo extensively reared and its relationship to sociodemographic characteristics of consumers
Authors: Canozzi Maria Eugênia Andrighetto , Sphor Luiza Ávila , Pimentel Concepta Margaret McManus , Barcellos Júlio Otavio jardim , Poli César Henrique Espirito Candal , Bergmann Guiomar Pedro , Kindlein Liris
Published: July 2016

Sensory characteristics of meat from different animal types, including cattle (Angus and Brangus) and buffalo raised at pasture, and information on socio-demographic determinants of consumer preference were evaluated. Samples of roasted rib eye were cut and served in a disordered and monadic manner to 188 untrained tasters. A nine-point hedonic scale was used to assess odor, color, tenderness, succulence and overall appearance. Analysis of variance was carried out using the GLM procedure of SAS®, considering animal type and socio-demographic characteristics as fixed effects and using the LSMEANS procedure for multiple mean comparisons. Differences (P < 0.001) between animal types were observed only for tenderness, with Brangus (7.02) and buffalo (6.82) meat being superior to Angus (6.25). Regardless of meat origin, age, income, smoking and place of purchase affected the perceived attributes (P < 0.05). People aged over 50 years gave higher mean scores for odor and color (P < 0.05), indicative of greater satisfaction and less demanding tastes when compared to other age categories. Despite the variability in the intrinsic characteristics, differentiation of meat by the consumer is not easy to determine, with little impact of sociodemographic characteristics on organoleptic perception. Meat from Brangus cattle and buffaloes raised at pasture was considered tenderer than that from Angus cattle raised under the same conditions by an untrained taste panel compared with.
Redes sociais e conflito organizacional
Authors: Lima Jorge Ávila de , Maia Pedro Almeida , Menezes Maria Antonieta , Santos Edmundo
Published: July 2016

As organizações são redes sociais cujos membros estabelecem entre si ligações de diversos tipos, formais e informais, positivas e negativas. O conflito entre atores é um processo comum que pode ser explicado com base num conjunto diverso de fatores. Contudo, o conflito interno às organizações tem sido pouco estudado, numa perpetiva de redes sociais. Para além disto, o conflito interorganizacional, analisado ao nível dos atores individuais, tem sido ainda menos estudado. No presente artigo, procuramos abordar o modo como as redes sociais das organizações estão associadas a perceções de conflito, quer intra-organizacional, quer interorganizacional, num contexto de proximidade física entre organizações. O estudo empírico, que envolveu duas organizações que partilhavam o mesmo espaço físico, mostra que, apesar da grande proximidade espacial entre ambas, os laços de amizade tendiam a concentrar-se no interior de cada organização e as perceções de conflito eram maiores entre as organizações do que no interior das mesmas. Os resultados são discutidos à luz das teses sobre os efeitos da propinquidade física sobre a atração interpessoal entre membros de grupos distintos.
Autonomía jurisdiccional en el régimen regulatorio transnacional de la FIFA
Authors: Espinosa Rada Alejandro Nicolás , Ortiz Ruiz Francisca José
Published: July 2016

El artículo pretende dar cuenta del régimen regulatorio transnacional de la FIFA, explorando los límites de su alta autonomía jurisdiccional; señalar cómo la FIFA genera sus reglas internas y se estructura a través de ellas; indagar en la utilización de la exclusión del régimen por medio de la amenaza de desafiliación para mantener su autonomía jurisdiccional y así prescindir de la injerencia jurisdiccional de otros regímenes; finalmente explorar los límites de su autonomía, los cuales surgen cuando lo que está en juego son los derechos fundamentales y laborales de los actores miembros. La metodología utilizada fue el análisis de redes y la revisión de casos. Los principales resultados señalan que FIFA es un régimen regulatorio autónomo y que tanto la comunidad del fútbol como la estructura de la red, legitiman un régimen que va más allá de las legislaturas democráticas nacionales. Se concluye que FIFA funciona como régimen transnacional con una alta autonomía jurisdiccional, sugiriendo un nueva esquema legitimtorio más allá del Estado-nación.
Exploración y explotación de los recursos de red y ciclo de vida
Authors: Gallego Angeles , Cobeña Mar , Casanueva Cristobal
Published: July 2016

La gestión de los recursos de red, entendidos como aquellos que son propiedad de los socios de una empresa y a los que accede a través de sus relaciones, es una cuestión básica en el desarrollo de alianzas y acuerdos. El tipo de recursos de red que serán necesarios para la empresa puede estar condicionado por el momento del ciclo de vida en que se encuentre y de si tiene una actitud de exploración o de explotación en el diseño y gestión de sus estrategias de cooperación. Se plantea una nueva consideración del ciclo de vida como un continuo entre empresas jóvenes y empresas consolidadas. Este trabajo analiza estas relaciones en el sector de las aerolíneas a nivel global. Los resultados muestran que las empresas consolidadas siguen simultáneamente un comportamiento de exploración y de explotación y que cuando se dan estos últimos se buscan recursos básicamente ligados al conocimiento y a la tecnología.
AUTOMATIC RETINAL VESSEL DETECTION AND TORTUOSITY MEASUREMENT
Authors: Mapayi Temitope , Tapamo Jules-Raymond , Viriri Serestina , Adio Adedayo
Published: July 2016

As retinopathies continue to be major causes of visual loss and blindness worldwide, early detection and management of these diseases will help achieve significant reduction of blindness cases. However, an efficient automatic retinal vessel segmentation approach remains a challenge. Since efficient vessel network detection is a very important step needed in ophthalmology for reliable retinal vessel characterization, this paper presents study on the combination of difference image and K-means clustering for the segmentation of retinal vessels. Stationary points in the vessel center-lines are used to model the detection of twists in the vessel segments. The combination of arc-chord ratio with stationary points is used to compute tortuosity index. Experimental results show that the proposed K-means combined with difference image achieved a robust segmentation of retinal vessels. A maximum average accuracy of 0.9556 and a maximum average sensitivity of 0.7581 were achieved on DRIVE database while a maximum average accuracy of 0.9509 and a maximum average sensitivity of 0.7666 were achieved on STARE database. When compared with the previously proposed techniques on DRIVE and STARE databases, the proposed technique yields higher mean sensitivity and mean accuracy rates in the same range of very good specificity. In a related development, a non-normalized tortuosity index that combined distance metric and the vessel twist frequency proposed in this paper also achieved a strong correlation of 0.80 with the expert ground truth.
Barreras para la utilización de la investigación. Estudio descriptivo en profesionales de Enfermería en un hospital del sudoeste de Madrid
Authors: Guadarrama Ortega David
Published: July 2016

Objetivos. Identificar las situaciones, circunstancias o barreras que dificultan a la enfermería utilizar los resultados de las investigaciones en el Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón (HUFA), así como sus facilitadores.

Objetivos específicos. Evaluar si existen diferencias en la puntuación de la escala THE BARRIERS en función de las distintas variables estudiadas.

Métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal durante mayo 2014. La población de estudio fueron todas las enfermeras que trabajan en el HUFA. El cuestionario que incluye la escala THE BARRIERS de S.Funk et al. se facilitó mediante una encuesta on-line distribuida a través del correo corporativo del hospital.

Resultados. Respondieron 69 enfermeras (16%), fueron válidas 67 encuestas. Las  barreras identificadas con mayor puntuación fueron: “La enfermera desconoce las investigaciones” media=3.33 (DE=0.89); y “Los médicos no colaboran en la implementación” media=3.26 (DE=0.86). Se encuentran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la suma de la escala THE BARRIERS en función de la experiencia como enfermera, la formación post-grado, y haber realizado investigaciones previas. No se encuentran diferencias significativas en función del resto de variables.

Conclusiones. Aunque  la falta de tiempo se identifica como la principal barrera para la investigación en la mayoría de los estudios, aquí aparece por detrás de otras como el desconocimiento de las investigaciones, la falta de colaboración, o que la información no está recogida en un solo lugar. Sin embargo el tiempo aparece como una de las principales barreras en las respuestas de texto libre.
Perinatal factors associated with umbilical cord blood pH values
Authors: Hidalgo-Lopezosa Pedro , Hidalgo-Maestre María , Rodríguez-Borrego María Aurora
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: El análisis del pH de sangre arterial de cordón umbilical sigue siendo un criterio objetivo usado para determinar el estado metabólico  del recién nacido tras el parto, y por tanto del bienestar fetal. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los factores perinatales asociados con los valores de sangre arterial de cordón umbilical.

Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y analítico entre Enero de 2010 y Enero de 2013 en un hospital de tercer nivel en el sur de España, con mujeres atendidas por parto. Los criterios de inclusión fueron: embarazo sin complicaciones y parto vaginal único, a término, con presentación cefálica. Las variables independientes con gran significación tras un análisis univariante fueron: edad, paridad, edad gestacional, analgesia epidural, plan de parto, episiotomía, duración de la primera fase del parto, y uso de oxitocina. Como variable dependiente se consideró: los valores de pH de sangre arterial de cordón umbilical (< = 7.24; > 7.24). El número total de mujeres fue de 165. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante regresión logística múltiple.

Resultados: La analgesia epidural y la edad gestacional mayor o igual a 41 semanas influyeron negativamente en el pH de cordón umbilical neonatal, mientras que haber presentado un plan de parto tuvo una influencia protectora.

Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de este estudio proporcionan a los profesionales más evidencias sobre los elementos que pueden influenciar en el bienestar neonatal, con el fin de actuar en consecuencia, anticipándose a las situaciones de riesgo y  aplicando  una atención más eficaz.
Modalidades de atendimento à domicilio do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) articuladas às Redes de Atenção à saúde
Authors: Weykamp Juliana Marques , Heckler de Siqueira Hedi Crecencia , Cecagno Diana
Published: July 2016

El objetivo es conocer la literatura científica publicada desde 2008 hasta 2014 sobre las redes de atención a la salud y los procedimientos de atención a domicilio del Sistema Único de Salud.

Se trata de una revisión integradora realizada vía on line a través de la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud en la base de datos de la Literatura Latino.Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), el Banco de Datos de Enfermería (BDEnf) y Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), respetando los aspectos éticos en cuanto a la autoría de artículos. La muestra consistió en 06 artículos científicos completos seleccionados mediante la observación de los criterios de inclusión y exclusión.

Se observó que a pesar de que las Redes de Atención Médica y las modalidades de atención a domicilio del Sistema Único de Salud están adquiriendo gran importancia en el ámbito de la salud, existen pocos artículos publicados relacionados con esta temática.

Se concluye que los servicios implicados en las actividades de salud deben formar una red interdependiente, interrelacionada, utilizando como punto básico la complejidad de las necesidades del usuario a ser atendido. Se recomienda una profundización en este asunto para lograr una conciencia colectiva sobre el tema. Es preciso comprender la importancia real que la atención a domicilio en conjunción con las redes de atención a la salud es capaz de proporcionar para la vida de las personas, sin embargo, es necesario que los responsables, directa o indirectamente, de la coordinación de los servicios de salud consigan implementarlas en las redes interconectadas
Assistência de enfermagem em situações de aborto induzido / provocado: uma revisão integrativa da literature
Authors: Pitilin Érica De Brito , Banazeski Ana Claudia , Bedin Rafaela , Gasparim Vanessa Aparecida
Published: July 2016

Objetivo: Identificar en la literatura científica sobre los cuidados de enfermería en los casos de aborto inducido / provocado.

Método: Revisión integral destinada a responder a la pregunta "¿Cómo es la práctica de enfermería en situaciones de aborto provocdo?" Los datos fueron recolectados en agosto de 2014, sin límites de tiempo o de idioma, que estiviesen en su totalidad en las bases de datos LILACS, BDENF, MEDLINE y SciELO, a partir de los descriptores: "aborto", "aborto provocado" y "cuidados de enfermería". Al final del proceso de análisis de datos se seleccionaron 13 publicaciones condensadas en forma de figuras.

Resultados: Se observó que el trabajo de las enfermeras se realiza de manera tecnicista, discriminatoria, juzgadora y burocrática, lo que contradice las directrices del código de ética de la profesión.

Conclusión: La discriminación y los peligros para la salud impuestos a las mujeres por razones culturales, legales y religiosas que involucran el tema del aborto, han contribuido a la precariedad de la asistencia.
Ressenya a Xavier Tterrado & Flocel Sabaté (eds.), Les veus del sagrat, Lleida, 2014
Authors: Coronel Ramos Marco Antonio
Published: July 2016

Ressenya a Xavier Terrado & Flocel Sabaté (eds.) (2014): Les veus del sagrat. Lleida, Pagès editors.  302 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9975-562-5
Genus Ensete (Musaceae) in India
Authors: Joe Alfred , Sreejith Edakkattellam , Sabu Mamiyil
Published: July 2016

A detailed account of the genus Ensete (Musaceae) in India is presented, including a key to the two species

known from the country. Updated descriptions and colour photographs of each species are provided, with

notes on the phenology, ecology, distribution, cytology, morphological variation and uses. We also provide a

brief history of the genus and descriptions of the two species present in India. Ensete lecongkietii is treated here

as a synonym of E. superbum.
Estimates of lightning NOx production based on OMI NO2 observations over the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Pickering Kenneth E. , Bucsela Eric , Allen Dale , Ring Allison , Holzworth Robert , Krotkov Nickolay
Published: July 2016

We evaluate nitrogen oxide (NOx = NO + NO2) production from lightning over the Gulf of Mexico region using data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) aboard NASA's Aura satellite along with detection efficiency‐adjusted lightning data from the World Wide Lightning Location Network (WWLLN). A special algorithm was developed to retrieve the lightning NOx (LNOx) signal from OMI. The algorithm in its general form takes the total slant column NO2 from OMI and removes the stratospheric contribution and tropospheric background and includes an air mass factor appropriate for the profile of lightning NOx to convert the slant column LNO2 to a vertical column of LNOx. WWLLN flashes are totaled over a period of 3 h prior to OMI overpass, which is the time an air parcel is expected to remain in a 1° × 1° grid box. The analysis is conducted for grid cells containing flash counts greater than a threshold value of 3000 flashes that yields an expected LNOx signal greater than the background. Pixels with cloud radiance fraction greater than a criterion value (0.9) indicative of highly reflective clouds are used. Results for the summer seasons during 2007–2011 yield mean LNOx production of ~80 ± 45 mol per flash over the region for the two analysis methods after accounting for biases and uncertainties in the estimation method. These results are consistent with literature estimates and more robust than many prior estimates due to the large number of storms considered but are sensitive to several substantial sources of uncertainty.
Regional and seasonal stratospheric temperature trends in the last decade (2002–2014) from AMSU observations
Authors: Funatsu Beatriz M. , Claud Chantal , Keckhut Philippe , Hauchecorne Alain , Leblanc Thierry
Published: July 2016

Stratospheric temperature trends for the period 2002–2014 have been estimated using NOAA's Integrated Microwave Inter‐calibration Approach (IMICA) version of advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) on AQUA satellite. In this period the stratosphere continued cooling over most of the globe with a rate ranging from −0.4 ± 0.3 to −0.5 ± 0.4 K/decade above 25 km. Considering specific latitude bands, trends are highly variable with height. In the tropical region, trends vary from −0.5 ± 0.3 K/decade for channel 12 (∼30 km) to −0.7 ± 0.3 K/decade for higher channels and present small seasonal variability in the intensity of cooling. In the polar regions and in the midlatitudes, trends for all channels are negative but not significant; uncertainties are large due to the high dynamical variability particularly in high latitudes. There is also large seasonal variability, with southern midlatitudes seasonal trends significant during summer (December, January, February) and autumn (March, April, May) above ∼25 km, with values ranging from −1.0 ± 0.5 to −0.6 ± 0.5 K/decade. Regional trends estimated with AMSU and long‐term lidar measurements (over two decades) confirm stratospheric cooling in the northern midlatitudes and tropical regions. The effect of the length of the short series on trends was found to be small outside polar regions. It was found to be large in polar regions with about 1 K changes in trend depending on start dates of the time series.
Elucidating tectonic events and processes from variably tectonized conglomerate clast detrital geochronology: Examples from the Permian Hongliuhe Formation in the southern Central Asian orogenic Belt, NW China
Authors: Cleven Nathan , Lin Shoufa , Davis Donald W. , Xiao Wenjiao , Guilmette Carl
Published: July 2016

This article expands upon detrital zircon geochronology with a sampling and analysis strategy dating variably tectonized granitoid conglomerate clasts. Its purpose is to elucidate details of the provenance's tectonomagmatic history from deformation‐relative age distributions. The method involves bulk samples of clasts, sorted based on the degree of internal ductile deformation. Isolating granitoid clasts, we divide them into three subsets: undeformed, slightly deformed, and deformed. Laser ablation, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry U‐Pb geochronology is performed on zircon separates of each subset. Our case study, involving the Permian Hongliuhe Formation in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt, analyzes each of the three clast subsets, as well as sandstone detrital samples, at three stratigraphic levels and yields a profile of the unroofed provenance. Clast age distributions exhibit different, wider‐age spectra than sandstone samples, an effect of proximity to the respective provenance. They indicate a minimal lag time, implying rapid exhumation rates, whereas sandstone data alone would indicate a 90 Myr lag time. Early Paleozoic arc‐building episodes appear as Ordovician peaks in sandstone data and Silurian‐Devonian peaks in clast data, indicating a younging of magmatism toward proximal provenance. A magmatic hiatus starts in the Devonian, correlating with the latest age of deformed clasts, interpreted as timing of collisional tectonics. The detailed age spectra provide regional tectonic context and interpretation of processes, as well as more robust provenance interpretation than could be determined from sandstone samples alone. The variably tectonized clast detrital geochronology method removes human sampling bias and the practical limits of studying regional granitoid distributions.
European Variscan orogenic evolution as an analogue of Tibetan‐Himalayan orogen: Insights from petrology and numerical modeling
Authors: Maierová P. , Schulmann K. , Lexa O. , Guillot S. , Štípská P. , Janoušek V. , Čadek O.
Published: July 2016

The European Variscan orogeny can be compared to the Tibetan‐Himalayan system for three main reasons: (1) The Variscan belt originated through progressive amalgamation of Gondwanan blocks that were subsequently squeezed between the Laurussia and Gondwana continents. Similarly, the Tibetan‐Himalayan orogen results from amalgamated Gondwanan blocks squeezed between Asia and India. (2) The duration of the collisional period and the scale of the two orogens are comparable. (3) In both cases the collisional process resulted in formation of a thick crustal root and long lasting high‐pressure granulite facies metamorphism. Recent petrological data allow a more detailed comparison pointing to similarities also in the midcrustal re‐equilibration of the granulites and their association with specific (ultra)potassic magmatic rocks. In both orogens, the origin of the granulites was attributed to relamination and thermal maturation of lower crustal allochthon below upper plate crust. Subsequent evolution was explained by midcrustal flow eventually leading to extrusion of the high‐grade rocks. We propose that the lower and middle crustal processes in hot orogens are connected by gravity overturns. Such laterally forced gravity‐driven exchanges of material in the orogenic root were already documented in the Variscides, but the recent data from Tibet and Himalaya show that this process may have occurred also elsewhere. Using numerical models, we demonstrate that the exchange of the lower and middle crust can be efficient even for a minor density inversion and various characteristics of the crustal layers. The modeled pressure‐temperature paths are compatible with two‐stage metamorphism documented in Tibet and Himalaya.
Recurring large deep earthquakes in Hindu Kush driven by a sinking slab
Authors: Zhan Zhongwen , Kanamori Hiroo
Published: July 2016

Hindu Kush subduction zone produces large intermediate‐depth earthquakes within a small volume every 10–15 years. Here we study the last three M ≥ 7 events within the cluster and find complex and diverse rupture processes. However, their main subevents appear to recur on the same fault patch, dipping 70° to the south. This recurrence requires an average of 9.6 cm/yr slip rate on the patch, much higher than the ~1 cm/yr surface convergence rate measured geodetically. The high slip rate is likely caused by significant slab internal deformation, such as localized slab stretching/necking. We infer that the Hindu Kush subducted slab below 210 km is sinking through the mantle at a vertical rate of 10 cm/yr.
Upward lightning flashes characteristics from high‐speed videos
Authors: Saba Marcelo M. F. , Schumann Carina , Warner Tom A. , Ferro Marco Antonio S. , de Paiva Amanda Romão , Helsdon John , Orville Richard E.
Published: July 2016

One hundred high‐speed video recordings (72 cases in Brazil and 28 cases in USA) of negative upward lightning flashes were analyzed. All upward flashes were triggered by another discharge, most of them positive CG flashes. A negative leader passing over the tower(s) was frequently seen in the high‐speed video recordings before the initiation of the upward leader. One triggering component can sometimes initiate upward leader in several towers. Characteristics of leader branching, ICC pulses, recoil leader incidence, and interpulse interval are presented in this work. A comparison of the results is done for data obtained in Brazil and USA. The duration of ICC and the total flash duration are on average longer in Brazil than in USA. Only one fourth of all upward leaders are followed by any return strokes both in Brazil and USA, and the average number of return strokes following each upward leader is very low. The presence and duration of CC following return strokes in Brazil is more than two times larger than in USA. Several parameters of upward flashes were compared with similar ones from cloud‐to‐ground flashes.
Minimizing the effects of filtering on catchment scale GRACE solutions
Authors: Dutt Vishwakarma Bramha , Devaraju Balaji , Sneeuw Nico
Published: July 2016

The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (grace) satellite mission has provided time variable gravity information since its launch in 2002. Due to short‐wavelength noise, the total water storage variations over a catchment observed from grace are usable only after filtering. Filtering smooths both the signal and the noise, inevitably changing the nature of the estimated total water storage change. The filtered estimates suffer from attenuation and leakage, which changes the signal characteristics. Several studies have mainly focused on correcting the changed amplitude with the aid of hydrological models. In this study, it is demonstrated that in addition to the amplitude loss, also significant phase change in the time series of total water storage over a region can occur. The phase change due to leakage from nearby catchments can be around
to
for catchments with moderate size, which makes it difficult to retrieve signal by only scaling. We propose a strategy to approach the true time series with improved phase and amplitude. The strategy is independent of any hydrological model. It is first demonstrated in a closed‐loop environment over 32 catchments, where we show that the performance of our method is consistent and better than other model‐dependent approaches. Then we also discuss the limitations of our approach. Finally we apply our method to the grace level 2 products for 32 catchments.
Reply to comment by S. P. Neuman on “Advective transport in heterogeneous aquifers: Are proxy models predictive?”
Authors: Fiori Aldo , Zarlenga Antonio , Gotovac Hrvoje , Jankovic Igor , Volpi Elena , Cvetkovic Vladimir , Dagan Gedeon
Published: July 2016

In this Reply we further comment on the main assumptions and the results of our recent manuscript “Advective transport in heterogeneous aquifers: Are proxy models predictive?”
Proteoid Dynamers with Tunable Properties
Authors: Liu Yun , Stuart Marc C. A. , Buhler Eric , Lehn Jean‐Marie , Hirsch Anna K. H.
Published: July 2016

A range of doubly dynamic proteoid biodynamers based on the polycondensation of various categories of amino acid hydrazides with a di‐ aldehyde have been generated through formation of two types of reversible CN bonds (imine and acylhydrazone). Their structures and properties (rates of polymerization and dynamic character) have been characterized by NMR, small‐angle neutron scattering, dynamic light scattering, and cryo‐transmission‐electron microscopy. Three types of structures (nanorods, globular nano‐objects, oligomers) are obtained at different rates after polycondensation. Competitive polymerization shows that electrostatic effects markedly influence polymerizations when two oppositely charged monomers are used, and an exchange experiment demonstrates the preferential incorporation of a specific monomer in the biodynamer chain. Taken together, all our results show that the side chains of the amino acid hydrazides have a strong influence on the rates of polymerization, structures, and dynamic properties of the resulting biodynamers. The present study provides a basis for the rational design and synthesis of various types of well‐ordered structures and adaptive materials, offering great potential for utilization in the field of biomaterials science.