bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Efficacy and Prevalence of International Food Aid Programs in Addressing World Hunger and Associated Malnutrition Within Developing Countries
Authors: Rajesh Rijul , Paczkowski Madeline , O'Quinn Alexander , Rich Leah , Ryang Sohie
Published: August 2022

800 million people globally are food insecure. This means that they are unable to obtain enough food to meet the most basic dietary needs. Many international programs exist to try and combat food insecurity. These programs can be led by governments or by non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Some of these programs are more effective than others. Well-funded programs that precisely target those in need are often best at combating food insecurity in a region. Often, the problem is not a lack of food in a region but rather a lack of accessibility to food for those who are socioeconomically disadvantaged. One example of an effective program is the Food for Peace program. This program provides billions of dollars directly to those who lack sufficient food, especially in times of emergency. Programs like Food for Peace have been involved in the creation of regulations in an attempt to mitigate and solve a few causes of food insecurity. With provisional enterprises such as the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) involved in attaining sufficient nutrition through providing food labels and through providing agricultural teaching to underdeveloped countries, international food aid programs seem increasingly beneficial towards dismantling world hunger. However, it becomes prudent for researchers and corporations dedicated to correcting such a malpractice to conceive that prior corporations and initiatives including the introduction of golden rice have been particularly impractical. However, these programs can prove to be quite useful in the long run, as they can provide an equitable technique in installing accessible food aid programs globally. A major way to combat food insecurity is through the implementation of genetically-modified crops. These crops, while they do pose risks, such as cross-contamination and an increase in pesticide-resistant insects, also have benefits, such as pest-resistance, increased crop yield, greater economic benefits, and the ability to offset greenhouse gas emissions.Programs that implement genetically modified food growth can be beneficial to communities, as they permit for increased independence and increased vitamins and nutrients in the food supply. These nutrients would otherwise be provided through supplements, an unsustainable method, as this process could be disrupted in many ways. Allowing farmers to grow their own genetically modified crops allows them a sustainable and nutrient-rich diet that they likely would not otherwise be able to maintain through another aid source.
Community detection methods for directed graphs
Authors: DANG Tien Dat , DO Duy Hieu , PHAN Thi Ha Duong
Published: August 2022

Community detection has been developed extensively with many different algorithms. One of the most powerful algorithms on undirected graphs is Walktrap, whose idea is to define the distance between vertices by using random walk and to evaluate the clusters by modularity function based on the degree of vertices. Although there are many directions to develop this method for directed graphs, none of those are effective. In this paper, we are interested in studying the Walktrap algorithm \cite{latapy}, the spectral method \cite{main}, and then extending them for directed graphs. We propose a new approach, in which the distance between vertices is defined by hitting time, and the modularity is computed based on the stationary distribution of a random walk. These definitions are very effective because of the development of algorithms about the hitting time and the stationary distribution so it is possible to compute them in good complexity. In particular, our proposed method can apply to directed graphs and the well-known results on undirected graphs are special cases. Besides, we also use the spectral method for these problems. And finally, we have also implemented our algorithms to demonstrate the plausibility and effectiveness of these methods.
Anaerobes in Surgical Infections- Eastern Nepal
Authors: Dewasy Bijoylakshmi , Singh T. Shantikumar , Singh Anjana , Pokhare Hanoon P
Published: August 2022

Introduction: In surgical infections, anaerobic bacteria are known to be major pathogens. Some are extremely dangerous and have a high fatality rate. The purpose of the study was to extract and identify anaerobic bacteria from surgical infections using a standard technique.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital (BMCTH) over the course of a year. In the Robertson's cooked meat medium (RCM), tissue, pus and fluid aspirates were collected aseptically for culture. Each sample was subcultured on anaerobic blood agar with metronidazole disc (5g). GasPak was used to incubate the plates for 48 hours in an anaerobic jar and identified using standard and rapid VITEK 2 automated methods.Results: Anaerobes were isolated from 53 (13.6%) of the 390 samples. A total of 390 specimens were collected from patients admitted in surgical ward. The most common infections with anaerobic etiology was necrotizing lesions 66 (16.9%), followed by liver abscess 64 (16.4%). Fifty three (13.5%) anaerobes and 168 (43%) aerobes were isolated from surgical patients. Bacteroides species (38%) were the most prevalent, followed by Prevotella species (26%) and among aerobes Staphylococcus aureus (24%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15%) were common isolates. Anaerobic bacteria were found as monomicrobial (8.5%) and polymicrobial (5%). Bacteroides fragilis (19%) was the most common species, followed by Prevotella melaninogenica (13%). The most common anaerobic coccus isolated was Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (13 %). The most common infections with anaerobic etiology were liver abscess 11(21.7%), followed by appendicular infections 9 (17 %).Conclusion: The laboratory investigations in patients admitted in various surgical units for cases suspected of pyogenic infections should includes investigations for anaerobic infections for appropriate antimicrobial therapy in order to minimize treatment failures.
Diverse yet selective tuning of an odorant receptor for sensing four classes of musk compounds
Authors: Yoshikawa Keiichi , Deguchi Jun , Jieying Hu , Lu Hsiu-Yi , Matsunami Hiroaki
Published: August 2022

Musk was originally identified in male musk deer and other mammals to mark territories and attract females. In humans, musk compounds are widely used in perfumes and consumer products for their superior perceptual odor quality. Strikingly diverse natural and synthetic chemicals have similar “musky” odor, which has resulted in diverse models of musk odor perception and has raised questions regarding simplistic associations between chemical features and odor quality. Scientists’ lack of understanding of this principle has hampered the design of a novel musk compound. Here, we functionally identified the odorant receptor, OR5A2, as a receptor for the musky odor of diverse musk compounds. First, we discovered that engineered OR5A2 with enhanced expression in heterologous cells is sensitive and selective to musk compounds in all four structural classes. Second, the clarified functional variation of OR5A2 accounts for the reported association between genetic variation and perception in a musk compound. Finally, the revealed ligand selectivity of OR5A2 provides insight into developing a trained model for machine learning-based virtual screening of candidates for a new musk compound. We propose that OR5A2 contributes to the long-sought gateway for sensing musk compounds and generating its unique odor quality.
Patient priority setting in HIV ageing research: exploring the feasibility of community engagement and involvement in Tanzania.
Authors: Clarke Elle , Anderson-Saria Grace , Kisoli Aloyce , Urasa Sarah , Moloney Susan , Safic Ssenku , Rogathe Jane , Walker Richard , Robinson Louise , Paddick Stella-Maria
Published: August 2022

ObjectiveThe chronic complications of ageing with HIV are not well studied in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) where general healthcare resources are limited. We aimed to collaborate with individuals living with HIV aged ≥50 years, and community elders (aged ≥60 years) living with non-communicable diseases in the Kilimanjaro region of Tanzania in a health research priority-setting exercise.MethodsWe conducted structured workshops based on broad questions to aid discussion and group-based patient priority setting, alongside discussion of feasibility of future community research engagement. Participant priorities were tallied and ranked to arrive at core priorities from consensus discussion. ResultsThirty older people living with HIV and thirty community elders attended priority setting workshops. Both groups reported motivation to participate in, conduct and oversee future studies. In this resource-limited setting, basic needs such as healthcare access were prioritised much higher than specific HIV-complications or chronic disease. Stigma and social isolation were also highly prioritised in those living with HIV.ConclusionsCommunity engagement and involvement in HIV and ageing research appears feasible in Tanzania. Ageing and non-communicable disease research should consider the wider context, and lack of basic needs in low-income settings. A greater impact may be achieved with community involvement.
The Role of Local Level Institutional Arrangements in Climate Change Adaptation of Rural Dwellers in Northern Ghana
Authors: takal silas uwumborge , ABDUL-WAHAB TAHIRU
Published: August 2022

Literature on the contribution of local level institutions to the development of collective response strategies to socio-ecological change is limited. In this article, the role of local-level institutional arrangements in developing and mobilising stocks of adaptive capacity is examined. Using Focus Group Discussion and Interviews, participants drawn from 7 communities in the Saboba district of Ghana were engaged on the local level institutional arrangements, their impacts on climate change adaptation and their effects on the climate change decision making of rural dwellers in the district. Using the qualitative content analysis technique to analyse the data, it was evident that local level institutional arrangements impacted the practise of adaptation strategies both negatively and positively. The positive impacts included serving as a channel for conflict resolution and mediation, source of security, and source of unity, and the negative impacts included the following: corrupt tendencies, loss of income, higher cost of production, decreased output, and high cost of shea nuts. The study also showed that the impacts of these institutional arrangements influenced climate change adaptation decisions making on: acquisition of land and trees; sharing of profits; and purchasing of shea nuts for processing into butter. The study concluded that institutional arrangements at the local level are critical for climate change adaptation, which is a key response mechanism for rural communities threatened by climate change impacts.
The honey bee, Apis mellifera, cannot be used as a surrogate for the stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana to evaluate the effects of pesticide exposure in agricultural landscapes in Southern Mexico
Authors: Ruiz-Toledo Jovani , Sánchez Daniel , Penilla-Navarro Rosa Patricia , Vandame Remy
Published: August 2022

Despite the crucial role of highly social bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) in crop production, agricultural practices that embrace the use of chemicals for pest control put these important pollinators at risk. Most studies that have evaluated the expression of enzymatic routes involved in xenobiotic removal in these species, including pesticides, have been carried out in the honey bee, Apis mellifera. These results have been used to figure out the response of non-Apis bees to pesticides, but recent works suggest that such response may be species-specific. We tested this possibility by evaluating the glutathione S-transferase (GST), cytochrome P450, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and α-, β- and ρ-NPA esterases in foragers both of the stingless bee Scaptotrigona mexicana and of A. mellifera. Foragers from colonies of both species located in two sites in an agricultural landscape in Chiapas, Mexico were collected every four months for a year and enzymatic expression was measured. Scaptotrigona mexicana showed a higher enzymatic activity and AChE inhibition than A. mellifera in both sites. Neither site nor time affected statistically the expression of enzymes in each species. Our results suggest that A. mellifera cannot be used as a surrogate for other species, at least for S. mexicana. The higher enzymatic activities in S. mexicana related to A. mellifera can be explained by the presence of organochlorines and organophosphates in the study area, as revealed in previous studies, and the shorter fly range of S. mexicana.
Elite guided multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm based on crossover operation and information enhancement
Authors: Yang Xunian , Hao Xiaochen , Yang Tianqi , Li Yonghang , Zhang Yuxuan , Wang Junwei
Published: August 2022

In recent years, the cuckoo search (CS) algorithm has been successfully applied to single-objective optimization problems. But in real life, most optimization problems are multi-objective optimization problems(MOPs). In order to enable CS to better solve MOPs, this paper proposes an elite-guided multi-objective cuckoo search algorithm based on cross-operation and information enhancement (CIE-MOCS). This algorithm first enhances its population diversity through crossover operation, then adds elite individuals to guide its update process to speed up the algorithm convergence speed. Finally, the method of information enhancement is adopted in the abandonment process, so that the algorithm is not easy to fall into the local optimum. In order to verify the performance of the algorithm, this paper uses a variety of benchmark functions and performance evaluation indicators to evaluate it, and provides a case to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm in practical applications. The experimental results show that CIE-MOCS has good performance compared with the contrasting algorithms.
E-LKPD Berbasis Problem Based Learning Disertai Kuis Interaktif Matematika untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis
Authors: Munika Risa Dewi , Marsitin Retno , Sesanti Nyamik Rahayu
Published: August 2022

This development research aims to determine the process of developing E-LKPD (Electronic Student Worksheets) based on Problem Based Learning accompanied by interactive math quizzes to improve students' critical thinking skills that are valid, feasible and effective. The results of observations of mathematics learning in class X MIPA at SMAN 1 Malang show that there are no teaching materials that use interactive live worksheets. Critical thinking is the ability to solve problems which include steps to identify, organize and implement strategies and techniques, evaluate and draw conclusions. This type of research is the development of the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluations). The research results from the validity test have an average of 3.33 by design experts with a very valid category, 3.27 by mathematics learning experts with a very valid category and 3.11 by material experts with a valid category. The results of the feasibility test on a small scale obtained a percentage of 81% with a very feasible category and 86% on a large scale trial with a very feasible category. The results of the effectiveness test obtained a percentage of completeness 100% in small-scale trials and 86% in large-scale trials so that both obtained effective categories. The conclusion of this study is that E-LKPD based on Problem Based Learning with interactive math quizzes is valid, feasible and effective and can improve students' critical thinking skills.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) Berbasis Etnomatematika terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMPN 1 Bambanglipuro
Authors: Hidayati Nuri , Abdullah Ahmad Anis
Published: August 2022

The ability to solve problems is a basic ability which is one of the goals of learning mathematics. Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) based on ethnomathematics can be a solution to improve students' mathematical problem solving abilities with a cultural approach around students. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the application of ethnomathematical-based CTL model on the mathematical problem solving abilities of class VIII students of SMP N 1 Bambanglipuro. This research is a quantitative research with a quasi-experimental type. The design of this research is non-equivalent control group design. The population in this study were all eighth grade students of SMP N 1 Bambanglipuro for the 2020/2021 academic year. Purposive sampling technique used to select class VIII A as the control class, conducted 24 students, and class VIII C as the experimental class, conducted 24 students. The instrument used to determine the level of student problem solving is in the form of Prisma essay test material. The data analysis technique used is the average difference test using the t-test. The results showed that the average mathematical problem solving of students with the ethnomathematics-based CTL model was more than the average mathematical problem solving of students with conventional learning. Thus it can be said that the application of ethnomathematical-based CTL is effective in solving students' mathematical problems.
Examining determinants of digital entrepreneurial intention: A case of graduate students
Authors: Akhter Ayeasha , M. Anwarul Islam K. , Mobarak Karim Md. , Bin Latif Wasib
Published: August 2022

This study aims to identify the determining factors of digital entrepreneurial intention among university graduate students in Bangladesh. The study considered university students as a study sample (n = 358) who were either in their final year of bachelor’s program or in the master’s program from three private universities located in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. This study was quantitative in nature, and a survey questionnaire was used based on the previous studies. There were three parts: a questionnaire, demographic information analysis, and a Likert-based measurement of study variables. A Cronbach (α) coefficient value of 0.70 or above was regarded to examine the reliability of the constructs. A factor loading value of 0.50 or above was considered to measure the research validity of all constructs’ items. Regression analysis was run to test the hypotheses. A Google form-based online survey questionnaire was used to collect the data, followed by a non-probability sampling method. After scrutiny, incomplete responses were discarded, and finally, 358 responses were deemed usable. The paper used SPSS version 26.0 to perform relevant statistical analyses. The results show that digital entrepreneurial self-efficacy, digital literacy, entrepreneurship education, innovativeness, and creativity positively and significantly impact university students becoming digital entrepreneurs. Regression result shows that students’ innovativeness and entrepreneurship education have more impact on their digital entrepreneurial intentions, implying that policymakers and universities should design their academic policy to promote innovative and entrepreneurship activities in the academic pedagogy.
The Influence of Media on Voting Behavior in Ghana: The Case in Western North Region
Authors: Damptey Isaac
Published: August 2022

The media have strong impact on Ghanaians’ voting decisions. Parties in multiple democracies have since harnessed the use of the media in our political process. The objective of the study was to investigate how the media influence voting behavior in the Western North Region of Ghana. In this study, Purposive and convenience sampling techniques were used. The study adopted qualitative and quantitative research designs. Questionnaires and interview guides were used to collect data. A sample size of 404 respondents was studied. The study revealed that voters in the study area have access to communication devices for obtaining information through political campaigns, advertisements on broadcast, social, print, support, and transit media, which all have a significant impact on voting behavior in the study Region. The study revealed that 65.6% of those polled said the media had a major influence on their voting behavior in the 2020 general elections in the research Region. The study also revealed that party affiliation, party manifesto, current economic conditions, family and friends, and current government performance were other factors that influenced voting behavior in the study area apart from the media. The study, therefore, suggested that the technical infrastructure of the media in the study Region be expanded since voters demand increased and improved access to and usage of the media to get information on political parties’ operations in order to shape their voting behavior. Also, media sanity should be strengthened in the study Region.
Utilization of Information Resources and Services among Undergraduate Students in Federal University Libraries in South-South, Nigeria
Authors: S Ebaye, A.
Published: August 2022

This study examined “utilization of information resources and services among undergraduate students in federal university libraries, in South-South, Nigeria”. To achieve the purpose of this study, 3 research questions and 3 hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. Literatures related to the variables under study were reviewed; accordingly, Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. The population of the study was the registered users of the libraryfor2018/2019 academic session. With a total population of 16620 students and a sample of 831 respondents was selected for the study representing 5% of the population. The selection was done through the stratified and purposive random sampling technique. In this case only the student’s library user that were available in the library as at the time of this research were used for the study. Questionnaire instrument was used for data collection. A total of eight hundred and thirty-one (831) copies of questionnaire were administered and eight hundred (800) copies were retrieved and found usable. Data was analyzed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Analysis. The results of the analysis revealed a significant relationship between the librarian’s selective skills and students’ use of library resources. Based on these findings, it was recommended, among others that; Librarians should continue to make sure that the right materials are purchase in the library for optimal utilization.
Komunikasi Internal Kepala Sekolah Perempuan: Studi Kasus di SDIT Al Azhar Kota Kediri
Authors: Amalia Nurul , Arifin Zaenal
Published: August 2022

This article reveals the communication of women leaders. When talking about female leaders, it will not be separated from the issue of gender stereotypes, many of which link the individual’s ability to lead with the biological aspects inherent in the leader, namely based on the sex differences between men and women. As result, the term gender inequality has emerged, which places women in unfavorable conditions. This type of research is qualitative and a case study as an approach. Data collection techniques used in-depth interviews with school principal informants, education personnel, school communities, and guardians of the students. The data analysis process uses a flow model which includes: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. This study found that the success of female leaders was influenced by their ability to communicate and appreciate professional relationships. Female leaders have more social orientation, an equal position, are quality based, care, and are more nurturing. In this case, women leaders often exercise leadership that is democratic and transformational
Clima organizacional en los trabajadores del supermercado Plaza Vea – Ica, 2022.
Authors: Seminario Unzueta Randall Jesús , Mallcco Ancalle Sara Florinda
Published: August 2022

Objetivos: describir el clima organizacional en los trabajadores del supermercado Plaza Vea, Ica- 2022. Materiales y métodos: el presente estudio tiene un enfoque cuantitativo, tipo aplicado, de diseño no experimental de corte transversal, nivel descriptivo; contando como población a los trabajadores del supermercado, la muestra estuvo conformada por un total de 50 trabajadores, la técnica fue la encuesta en escala de Likert y el instrumento de recolección de datos fue el cuestionario con 22 ítems y 5 dimensiones, los datos serán analizados mediante el programa SPSS. Resultados: indican que el clima organizacional en los colaboradores predominó el nivel medio con un 82% de colaboradores, seguida del nivel bajo con un 12%; en cuanto a las dimensiones motivación un 70%, autorrealización 64%, comunicación 72%, involucramiento laboral 76%, condiciones de trabajo 64%; predominó el nivel medio que indica que medianamente bien se desarrolla el clima organizacional en los colaboradores de la empresa. Conclusiones: los colaboradores de la empresa sienten que el clima organizacional no es favorable en el ambiente laboral que existe en esta empresa; asimismo, debe mejorar la motivación, autorrealización, comunicación, involucramiento laboral y condiciones de trabajo, en los trabajadores del Supermercado Plaza Vea.
Análisis financiero de la empresa Importaciones y Representaciones San Diego SAC - Lima, según periodos 2019-2020 y 2021
Authors: Seminario Unzueta Randall Jesús , Briones Raico Rosaura , Meléndrez Jaime Denisse
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: El objetivo general es determinar el análisis financiero del área contable de la empresa importaciones y representaciones San Diego SAC – Lima, periodo 2019 - 2020 y 2021. Materiales y métodos: Nuestra investigación es de enfoque cuantitativo, su diseño es no experimental, descriptivo-comparativo y de corte transversal, contando con los estados financieros perteneciente a los años 2019, 2020 y 2021. La técnica empleada es de análisis documentario. Resultados: Se llegó a determinar que luego de aplicar el análisis financiero en la organización, se establece que el mejor índice de liquidez, índice rotación y el índice de rentabilidad fue en año 2021 y en el índice de solvencia el mejor resultado fue en el año 2019. Conclusiones: En cuanto al análisis financiero realizado a la organización no son favorables, porque según los resultados que hemos interpretado la empresa no tiene el suficiente efectivo para hacer frente a sus deudas, debido a que la distribución de recursos no es el adecuado y también porque esta sobre endeudada con entidades financieras, además ha disminuido en ventas por tal motivo no cuentan con la rentabilidad proyectada.
Miedo al COVID-19 en personas que residen en un asentamiento humano del distrito de Carabayllo, 2021
Authors: Zegarra Soto Alexandra Celeste , Vilchez Sarango Olga Nery
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: Determinar el miedo al COVID-19 en personas que residen en un asentamiento humano del distrito de Carabayllo, 2021. Materiales y métodos: La presente investigación fue de enfoque cuantitativo, y su diseño fue metodológico descriptivo-transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 300 participantes. Para evaluar el miedo se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta y el instrumento fue The COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV-19S). Resultados: En cuanto al miedo en personas de un asentamiento humano, predomino un efecto medio grande con 54% (n=162), seguido de un efecto grande con 22% (n=66), efecto medio con 9,7% (n=59) y efecto pequeño con 4,3% (n=13). Según sus dimensiones, en reacciones emocionales al miedo, predomino un efecto grande con 36,3% (n=109), seguido de efecto medio grande con 34,3% (n=103), efecto medio con 25,3% (n=76) y efecto pequeño con 4% (n=12) y en manifestaciones somáticas, predomino el efecto medio grande con 45% (n=135), seguido de un efecto medio con 28,3% (n=85), efecto grande con 19% (n=57) y 23 personas que representan el 7,7% tienen un efecto pequeño. Conclusiones: En cuanto al miedo al COVID-19, predomino el efecto medio grande, seguido de efecto grande, efecto medio y efecto pequeño. De acuerdo a sus dimensiones en reacciones emocionales, predomino el efecto grande, seguido de efecto medio grande, efecto medio, efecto pequeño y efecto pequeño y manifestaciones somáticas, predomino el efecto medio grande, seguido de efecto medio, efecto grande, efecto pequeño y efecto pequeño.
POBREZA RURAL EN MÉXICO Y PERÚ EN EL CONTEXTO DEL DETERIORO DE AMÉRICA LATINA Y LA PANDEMIA DEL COVID-19
Authors: Sánchez-Alcalde Luis , Gutiérrez Rodríguez Roberto
Published: August 2022

En el presente estudio se analizó a México y Perú (dos países de América Latina con características rurales e históricas similares) con el objetivo de determinar la relación que existe entre la tasa de pobreza rural y factores asociados a ella; esto en el contexto del crecimiento de la pobreza en la región, tendencia que se advertía antes de la pandemia por la Covid-19. Con base en los datos de la CEPAL, por una parte, los resultados permitieron observar que México obtuvo una tasa media de pobreza rural más alta que Perú, incluso más alta que la región, pero con una menor dispersión en el tiempo. Por otra, se observó que en el caso mexicano y peruano la pobreza rural está asociada positivamente con la PEA ocupada en la agricultura, mientras que negativamente con la tasa de asistencia escolar. Asimismo, para Perú se observó una correlación negativa y significativa con el acceso al servicio público del agua y el gasto social del sector público. Estas características permitieron concluir y recomendar que el incremento en la pobreza rural en estos países, provocado por el deterioro en la región y los efectos de la pandemia, puede ser mitigado a través de políticas o programas de empleo, de educación y de gasto social en general, particularmente en infraestructura de las viviendas. De igual forma se recomendó a poner atención al campo ya que pareciera que los problemas en la región se agudizarán más debido a la seguridad alimentaria y cambio climático.
CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL FRACCIONAMIENTO POR FILTRACIÓN DEL BIOL Y CINÉTICA DE FOTOINACTIVACIÓN DE ENTEROBACTERIAS EN LA FASE LÍQUIDA
Authors: Bellatin Foronda Israel Sebastiane , Arévalo Ortíz Fermín Humberto
Published: August 2022

El biogás es una de las mejores alternativas para la producción de energía renovable, utiliza los desechos de la agroindustria como principal sustrato para su formación. Sin embargo, al producir cantidades significativas de biogás se generan grandes cantidades de biol, para desinfectar este compuesto se utiliza la radiación solar y el oxígeno ambiental. Para garantizar la desinfección deseada, es necesario conocer la cinética de la muerte de enterobacterias por radiación solar y oxígeno atmosférico. El presente artículo científico tuvo como objetivo modelar la cinética de desinfección del biol, calculando la incidencia de radiación acumulada por m3 de biol, obtenido como subproducto de la formación de biogás, a partir de purín de cerdo y agua 1:10. A través de un análisis de varianza (ANOVA) y una prueba de comparación múltiple de los tratamientos mediante la prueba de Tukey, se determinó el efecto sinérgico de la radiación solar y el oxígeno atmosférico para la inactivación solar de enterobacterias. Se comprobó que para alcanzar una óptima desinfección solar en el biol se debe disminuir su turbidez, separando la fase líquida y diluyéndolo con agua 1:3. La separación de las fases realizada en el presente estudio alcanzó un volumen del 56 por ciento respecto del volumen total, reteniendo el 36 y 49 por ciento de nitrógeno y fósforo, respectivamente, del volumen total. Con la fase líquida del biol se obtuvo un nivel de turbidez (NTU) de 365. A partir de esto, se concluyó que las condiciones atmosféricas eran apropiadas para disminuir la carga de enterobacterias, alcanzando el límite de detección luego de 10 horas, con una radiación acumulada de 209.8 watts por m^3 de biol. El efecto biocida empezó desde los 40 watts por m^3 de biol de radiación acumulada.
REMOCIÓN DEL ENDOCARPIO EN LA EMERGENCIA, VIGOR Y FENOLOGÍA PRE-TRASPLANTE DE PLÁNTULAS DE SEMILLAS DE NUEVE GENOTIPOS DE CAFETO, EN OXAPAMPA
Authors: Acosta-Trinidad Luis , Soplin-Villacorta Hugo , Chura-Chuquija Julián
Published: August 2022

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar la emergencia, el vigor y fenología pre-trasplante de plántulas procedentes de semilla sembrada con y sin endocarpio, de nueve genotipos de café en Oxapampa, a fin de contar con nuevos genotipos de plántulas uniformes. Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloque completo randomizado con arreglo factorial. En germinador cada unidad experimental fue conformada por dos surcos con 25 semillas en cada surco. En almacigo cada unidad experimental consto de 16 macetas: se muestrearon 4 macetas. Para las variables evaluadas en germinador y almacigo, los genotipos que destacaron, fueron los siguientes: UNACAF-89 (caturra rojo): porcentaje de emergencia (57 %); ritmo de crecimiento (4.04 mm/semana); UNACAF-116 (catimor): peso fresco de plántula (0.64 g); índice de vigor de plántula (53.79); peso fresco parte aérea (2.36 g); peso fresco de raíz (1.27 g); peso seco parte aérea (0.53 g); peso seco de raíz (0.16 g); volumen de raíz (1.25 ml); UNACAF-250 (obata): peso seco de plántula (0.13 g); altura de planta (10.13 cm); UNACAF-188 (caturra amarillo): tasa de emergencia (1.17 plantas/día) y UNACAF-213 (geisha): diámetro de tallo (2.81 mm). En el grupo de semillas sembradas sin endocarpio se presentaron mejoras para las variables: porcentaje de emergencia, tasa de emergencia, índice de vigor de plántula, peso fresco de raíz y en el volumen de raíz. UNACAF-89 (caturra rojo) obtuvo el mayor número de plantas en los estadios secundarios 09 y 10; asimismo, el mayor número de hipocótilos en el estadio secundario 07 de la escala BBCH.
COMPORTAMIENTO FITOTÉCNICO DE 15 LÍNEAS DE Lathyrus sativus L. EN JAUJA, JUNÍN
Authors: Camarena Felix , Marmolejo Doris , Huaringa Amelia , Gonzales Celso , Mostacero de Bustillos Elvia
Published: August 2022

Quince líneas de Lathyrus sativus L. introducidas de ICARDA Syria,y un testigo local en las campañas agrícolas 2018 y 2019 en la Estación Experimental El Mantaro, de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú en Jauja, Junín situada a una altitud de 3,300 msnm con el objetivo de evaluar el rendimiento de grano seco y sus componentes morfológicos y fisiológicos de las líneas bajo siembra de primavera verano en condiciones de secano. Las líneas que destacaron en rendimiento de grano superior a 700 kg/ha, con vainas de 4 cm de longitud, más de 100 vainas por planta, mayor de dos granos por vaina y peso de 100 semillas mayor a 20 g, fueron el testigo local T16, seguido de las líneas L3556 y L3030. Mientras que la línea L3556 fue precoz con 63 días a la floración y 180 días a la madurez fisiológica. Las líneas mejoradas de Lathyrus en el ambiente de temperatura media de 13.04 °C, una humedad relativa de 57.2% y una precipitación de 667.2 mm tuvieron un buen comportamiento, precocidad y pueden ser evaluadas en tierras marginales de la zona andina por ser un reservorio genético que incrementará la variabilidad genética de la arveja muela que se cultiva como cultivo subutilizado en la sierra de Ancash para amortiguar el cambio climático.
USO DEL EPISPERMO DE SEMILLA DE LÚCUMA COMO CARBÓN ACTIVADO
Authors: Suárez Ramos Diego , Ubillus Ascarza Karol
Published: August 2022

La generación de residuos es uno de los principales problemas que enfrenta la agroindustria debido a su inadecuado manejo. Por lo tanto, es vital buscar alternativas de aprovechamiento que generen valor agregado. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar la competencia del epispermo de la semilla de lúcuma (ESL) en la elaboración de carbón activado (CA). Se usó  como agente activante a dos razones de impregnación (0.2 y 0.4g /g epispermo), a tres temperaturas (600, 700 y 800 °C) y tres tiempos (15, 30 y 45min) de carbonización. Se obtuvieron 18 tratamientos. El colorante azul de metileno (AM) se usó como adsorbato. Se estudió la cinética química, capacidad de adsorción e isotermas de adsorción del sistema AM-CA. Se determinó del área superficial de adsorción mediante la isoterma BET con nitrógeno gaseoso, se caracterizó los grupos funcionales y la morfología del CA mediante espectroscopía infrarroja y microscopía de barrido electrónico, respectivamente. Los resultados muestran una cinética de pseudo segundo orden, mientras que el comportamiento de la adsorción corresponde a una isoterma sigmoidal la cual se ajusta al modelo de isoterma Frumking-Fowler-Guggenheim (FFG). El tratamiento que presentó el mayor porcentaje de adsorción (94.5 %) fue CA0.4_600°C30’, obteniendo un área superficial de 648 m²/g de CA. Se concluye que el ESL es apto para su aprovechamiento como carbón activado.
Establecimiento y reposición de pérdidas en plantaciones de Prosopis alba en Santiago del Estero, Argentina
Authors: García Jorge , Álvarez Pablo , Izzo Marta , Zurita-Bianchini Cecilia , Sarmiento Miguel
Published: August 2022

El costo de implantación de una especie forestal no solo contempla la actividad de plantación en sí, sino, además, el de su posterior reposición de fallas. El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir y determinar el rendimiento de las tareas de control de prendimiento y reposición de fallas en plantaciones de Prosopis alba Griseb. (algarrobo blanco) bajo la influencia de factores edáficos como pH y conductividad eléctrica. La investigación se centró en el marco del Programa Forestal Santiagueño (PFS), Argentina, ejecutado durante la campaña de forestación 2017–2018. La mues­tra estuvo conformada por 3 productores con parcelas ubicadas en el departamento Robles de la provincia de Santiago del Estero. El trabajo de campo permitió registrar las tareas de control de prendimiento y reposición de fallas y a su vez, evaluar el establecimiento de las plantas bajo diferentes factores edáficos. El estudio refleja un porcentaje de pérdida promedio de plantas de un 17 %, y demuestra que la reposición de 75 plantas de algarrobo requiere 0,12 jornales (0,96 h). Se evidencia una fuerte correlación entre las variables CE (ds/m) y mortandad de plantas, en este sentido se obtuvo un modelo estadístico capaz de estimar la mortandad de plantas en función de la CE del suelo.
Identificación y selección de árboles semilleros de Cinchona officinalis L. (“Quina”) en el distrito de Querocoto, Chota – Cajamarca
Authors: García-Zárate Diego , Marcelo-Bazán Fátima E. , Dávila-Estela Luis
Published: August 2022

La presente investigación consistió en seleccionar árboles semilleros de Cinchona officinalis L., en la zona de amortiguamiento del Bosque de Protección de Pagaibamba, centros poblados de San Luis y Paraguay, distrito de Querocoto, provincia de Chota departamento de Cajamarca. Para ello, se uti­lizó el método de valoración individual a través de los criterios de selección para árboles semilleros, estimando sus características fenotípicas y las medidas de variables dasométricas: altura total, me­dida del DAP, simetría de copa, porcentaje de floración, porcentaje de fructificación, porcentaje de germinación y buen estado fitosanitario; evaluando el potencial reproductivo analizando la calidad física de semilla a través de las normas ISTA (2016). Se identificaron 59 individuos potenciales en un área de 0.98 km2, seleccionando 17 árboles semilleros, los cuales cumplen los criterios de selec­ción: fuste recto, copa simétrica, floración mayor a 80% con respecto a su copa, frutos abundantes, buen estado fitosanitario del individuo y de las semillas. Presentando un potencial reproductivo, de 67 semillas por fruto en promedio,18 frutos en la rama, 502 frutos totales en rama/árbol promedio y una producción de semillas por árbol promedio de 1262. Se obtuvo un promedio de pureza de semilla 82.22%, contenido de humedad 16.56 % y un porcentaje de germinación de 99.06%.
Improving Quality of Life in Older Adults Living at Home by a Moderate Exercise Training
Authors: Carta Mauro Giovanni , Atzori Laura , Aviles Gonzales Cesar Ivan , Minerba Luigi , Pau Massimiliano , Crisafulli Antonio , Cauli Alberto , Ferreli Caterina , Puxeddu Roberto , Orrù Germano , Scano Alessandra , Machado Sergio , Romano Ferdinando , Cossu Giulia , Preti Antonio
Published: August 2022

Background:

Physical activity is associated with a higher quality of life (QoL) in older adults, but there is no evidence whether its effects on healthy individuals or individuals with a mild disability performing a medium-intensity exercise program can be assessed.

Objective:

This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate whether moderate exercise training can improve QoL, and whether this model is suitable for older adults with mild chronic diseases living in the community.

Methods:

120 participants, randomized 1/1 to either perform a physical exercise protocol or to undergo a social program (control group), were recruited in a 12-week randomized controlled trial registered at ClinicalTrials.Gov (NCT03858114). QoL was measured through the Health-Related Quality of Life Survey Short Form - 12 items tool (SF-12).

Results:

The participants involved in the exercise-training program had a moderate QoL improvement, compared to those involved in cultural activities, who experienced no change or even a worsening of their QoL. However, the between-groups differences did not attain the statistically significant threshold, when globally assessed, F[1, 103] = 2.98, p = .087, nor when the analysis was restricted to the physical (F[1, 103] = 2.78, p = .099) or mental components (F[1, 103] = 3.83, p = .053).

Conclusion:

Data from this study are not conclusive, although suggestive of possible efficacy. An effort to collect a larger amount of evidence is advisable. Research published only as protocols, not providing final results, might be useful to demonstrate or reject the hypothesis that physical exercise improves QoL in older adults. On a heuristic level, the sum of results that are not conclusive individually might be decisive if meta-analyzed.

(Randomized Controlled Blind trial NCT03858114).
Online Deceptive Impression Management: Self-admission and Other Estimates of False Facebook-selves
Authors: Möller Tim , Doms Bram , Stel Mariëlle
Published: August 2022

Background:

People deceive online. There is, however, mixed evidence about whether people present themselves falsely on Facebook. We investigated to what extent people present their true selves on Facebook. As generally, people estimate their own behavior as ‘less evil’ than the behaviors of others, we also assessed people’s estimations of whether other people present their true selves on Facebook.

Methods:

In two studies (n=94, n=189), participants filled in a survey asking them to report how frequently and intensely they falsely present themselves on Facebook and in which ways. They were also asked to estimate this for other Facebook users.

Results:

The results showed that the majority of participants were not always honest on Facebook regarding their personality, unbeneficial information, and emotional state. A minority of participants provided false information in comments. We also obtained the ‘less deceptive than thou’ effect: Participants estimated that others more frequently and intensively engage in deception.

Conclusion:

The current research has led to new findings showing that the majority of the participants engage in deceptive self-presentational behavior and estimate others to be more deceptive than they are.
Clinical Practice Guidelines About Screening for Disruptive Behavior Problems at Well-Child Visits: A Rapid Review of the Literature on the Accuracy of Parents’ Behavioral Concerns
Authors:   Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5, Baillargeon Raymond H. , Charette Marylène ,   Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5, Tessier François ,   Public health, Gatineau, Québec, Canada, Brand Kevin P. ,   Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
Published: August 2022

The current recommendations of the Canadian Paediatric Society about monitoring children’s disruptive behaviors at well-child visits call for screening if behavioral concerns are being raised by parents. But do parents’ concerns about their child’s behavior constitute a reliable means for primary care providers (PCPs) to decide either in favor or against screening? We conducted a rapid systematic review of the literature by identifying documents that cited the landmark study by Glascoe and her colleagues (1991) on the accuracy of behavioral concerns at identifying children with a disruptive behavior problem. Citation tracking was done using Web of Science (Core Collection; 17 October 2018) and SCOPUS (19 October 2018). Only one recent published study was identified. The calibration of concerns’ specificity (and other indices alike) yielded, at best, a fair value of the weighted kappa coefficient κ(0,0) (i.e., 0.255 and 0.094). Also, the calibration of concerns’ sensitivity (and other indices alike) yielded, at best, a moderate value of the weighted kappa coefficient κ(1,0) (i.e., 0.533 and 0.392). Overall, the results do not support the current recommendations. In fact, behavioral concerns do not provide PCPs with enough information to reach a decision about screening. We discuss different ways of gathering the necessary information.
A Questionnaire-Based Ensemble Learning Model to Predict the Diagnosis of Vertigo: Model Development and Validation Study
Authors: Yu Fangzhou , Wu Peixia , Deng Haowen , Wu Jingfang , Sun Shan , Yu Huiqian , Yang Jianming , Luo Xianyang , He Jing , Ma Xiulan , Wen Junxiong , Qiu Danhong , Nie Guohui , Liu Rizhao , Hu Guohua , Chen Tao , Zhang Cheng , Li Huawei
Published: August 2022

Background

Questionnaires have been used in the past 2 decades to predict the diagnosis of vertigo and assist clinical decision-making. A questionnaire-based machine learning model is expected to improve the efficiency of diagnosis of vestibular disorders.

Objective

This study aims to develop and validate a questionnaire-based machine learning model that predicts the diagnosis of vertigo.

Methods

In this multicenter prospective study, patients presenting with vertigo entered a consecutive cohort at their first visit to the ENT and vertigo clinics of 7 tertiary referral centers from August 2019 to March 2021, with a follow-up period of 2 months. All participants completed a diagnostic questionnaire after eligibility screening. Patients who received only 1 final diagnosis by their treating specialists for their primary complaint were included in model development and validation. The data of patients enrolled before February 1, 2021 were used for modeling and cross-validation, while patients enrolled afterward entered external validation.

Results

A total of 1693 patients were enrolled, with a response rate of 96.2% (1693/1760). The median age was 51 (IQR 38-61) years, with 991 (58.5%) females; 1041 (61.5%) patients received the final diagnosis during the study period. Among them, 928 (54.8%) patients were included in model development and validation, and 113 (6.7%) patients who enrolled later were used as a test set for external validation. They were classified into 5 diagnostic categories. We compared 9 candidate machine learning methods, and the recalibrated model of light gradient boosting machine achieved the best performance, with an area under the curve of 0.937 (95% CI 0.917-0.962) in cross-validation and 0.954 (95% CI 0.944-0.967) in external validation.

Conclusions

The questionnaire-based light gradient boosting machine was able to predict common vestibular disorders and assist decision-making in ENT and vertigo clinics. Further studies with a larger sample size and the participation of neurologists will help assess the generalization and robustness of this machine learning method.