bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ready for more-than-human? Measuring urban residents’ willingness to coexist with animals
Authors: Rupprecht Christoph David Dietfried
Published: July 2018

In the context of rapid urbanisation, geographers are calling for embracing non-humans as urban co-inhabitants, but notions of animals and plants ‘out of place’ manifest in wildlife conflicts. To find paths towards more-than-human cities, we need to better understand residents’ willingness to coexist. This study quantitatively compared residents’ preferences toward sharing their neighbourhood and perceptions of belonging across urban green space in two geographically and culturally distinct cities: Brisbane, Australia and Sapporo, Japan. Results suggest factors influencing respondents’ willingness to coexist were geographical and cultural context alongside educational attainment and age, but not sex and income. Mapping respondents’ preferences for animals in their neighbourhood revealed four categories divided by two axes – global-local and wanted-unwanted animals – arising from the way animals contested human notions of control over urban space. Most respondents chose informal green space (e.g., vacant lots, brownfields etc.) as spaces of belonging after forests and bushland. Drawing upon recent theoretical and empirical research on liminal urban spaces, I argue with Nohl (1990) that such informal green space can offer ‘provisional arrangements’, allowing for conciliatory engagements with non-humans. I thus propose informal green space as territories of encounter – a possible path towards more-than-human cities. Finally, I discuss some implications for planning and management of interspecies interactions.
Re-imagining the users' experience: An ethnographic approach to web usability and space design
Authors: Lanclos Donna
Published: July 2018

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to describe the process and workundertaken by the library anthropologist and the Usability Task Force (UTF)for reconfiguring the library's physical and virtual spaces to meet theeducational needs and expectations of users, including students, faculty,and community patrons. Through formal usability studies and ethnographicresearch, the paper describes the process and work undertaken by thelibrary anthropologist and the UTF. Through surveys, focus groupsobservation data were obtained about the current study and web habits ofundergraduates and faculty. This paper presents an ethnographic approach topolicy development and implementation to re-orient the physical and virtuallibrary environments at a large research library. Libraries and libraryadministrators will find value in the policies established and processesoutlined for the development of user-centered learning spaces.-- ______________________________________________________________Donna M. Lanclos, Ph.D. | Associate Professor for Anthropological ResearchUNC Charlotte | J. Murrey Atkins Library9201 University City Blvd. | Charlotte, NC 28223dlanclos@uncc.edu | @DonnaLanclos on twitterphone number: 704-687-0480http://www.donnalanclos.com/
strategi perlawanan petani tambang tradisional dalam menjaga kelangsungan hidup ditengah rendahnya imbal jasa
Authors: adiputra yudhanto satyagraha
Published: July 2018

Mining activity at the old wells done by public Wonocolo and itssurroundings since the 1942, and existence of oil wells traditionalremains this Dutch becomes source of main living for countrysidepublic Wonocolo and its surroundings. Mining activity done by publicWonocolo, on the way is felt is against the legislation applied namely;UU No. 44 the year 1960 jo UU No. 08 the year 1971, in the Law affirmsthat mining enterpasing of Migas (oil and gas) done by state with thestate company (Pertamina) as the executor or mining convidential ofclerk.This research aim, to know the resistance strategy applied by the miningpeasant to take care of continuity of life in the middle of the low wage’sgiven by Pertamina. This research, applies qualitative method withapproach of grounded reseacrh. Data collecting technique ; nonparticipantobservation and in-depth interview, and with cycle dataanalysis technique : data reduction, data presentation, verification andconclusion withdrawal. The result in this research, indicates that;strategy applied by the mining peasant to take care of continuity of life,by the way ; does distillation self-supportingly, mine proceeds salewithout through KUD Bogo Sasono, and reduction of supply miningproducts.Keyword ; Strategy, resistance of mine peasant, wage
Education and Attitudes toward Interpersonal and State-Sanctioned Violence
Authors: Schnabel Landon
Published: July 2018

The link between education and liberal attitudes is one of the most consistent findings in public opinion research, but the theoretical explanations for this relationship warrant additional attention. Previous work suggested that the relationship is due to education socializing students to the “official culture” of the United States. This study uses the World Values Survey and General Social Survey to further develop this theory and test whether it applies to Americans’ attitudes toward justifiable violence. I find that Americans with more education are less likely to say that interpersonal violence—against women, children, and other individuals—can be justifiable. However, they are more likely to say that state-sanctioned violence—war and police violence—can be justifiable. These patterns are consistent with a modified socialization model of education and social attitudes. I conclude that American education socializes people to establishment culture, identity, and interests, which differentiate between unacceptable interpersonal violence and ostensibly acceptable state-sanctioned violence.
Una Aproximación Interdisciplinar del Análisis Crítico del Discurso (ACD) al Estudio de la Historia
Authors: Benavides Jorge E
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo introducir la consideración del nuevo campo del análisis crítico del discurso (ACD) como forma complementaria al estudio de la historia. Intenta abordar algunos conceptos interdisciplinares para la incorporación de este enfoque investigativo de reciente desarrollo, con orígenes en la teoría crítica, la lingüística crítica y el análisis del discurso al campo de la historia. Se presenta su característica central en la consideración del discurso como acontecimiento histórico, como expresión sociocultural condicionado por las estructuras sociales y de creencia de grupos de poder que dominan sobre otros haciendo del discurso, determinante del contexto social y a la vez transmisor de ideologías. Se presenta las prácticas sociales paralelamente a las prácticas discursivas existiendo una relación dialéctica entre ambas. Las relaciones de poder, dominio, hegemonía y especialmente la ideología son las áreas de trabajo en las que se concentra el ACD y cuyo campo de acción implica el recurso interdisciplinario y transdisciplinario en áreas como la psicología, la sociología, la economía, la política y la educación (entre otras) relacionándose con la historia para poder describir, interpretar y explicar a través de los discursos (escritos y orales) las relaciones históricas entre el lenguaje y la sociedad.
The charcoal forest: Ecology, aesthetics and the Anthropocene
Authors: Niles Daniel
Published: July 2018

This paper explores the significance of local forms of knowledge of the natural world, especially the role of this knowledge in cultural coherence and persistence through time, and its consequent significance to the intellectual challenges of the Anthropocene. The text examines the activity of a master charcoal-maker and forest-manager in Wakayama Prefecture, Japan, who works within a landscape recognized by the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System (GIAHS)—a place of special cultural and agroecological value. Drawing on theories of the evolution of knowledge and material culture studies, charcoal is seen as embodiment of particular understandings of the agencies of the natural world. Attention to the various stages in the production and use of charcoal sheds light on the structure of this knowledge, especially on the important areas in which qualities of one field of activity are transferred to or become essential to another. These “overlaps” link what otherwise appear to be disparate fields of activity into mutually constitutive elements of a whole. They shed light on the dynamics of cultural persistence and indicate the diversity of forms environmental knowledge; they can amplify understanding of the nature of the Anthropocene.
The Editorial Meeting at a Little Magazine: An Ethnography of Group Judgment
Authors: Merriman Ben
Published: July 2018

Judgment and distinction have been topics of persistent interest for cultural sociologists. Recent theory has particularly emphasized social interaction and cognition as key sites for understanding judgment, and a number of studies examine gatekeeping practices as a means of understanding the interactive and perceptual determinants of judgment. This article builds upon previous work by presenting the results of an eighteen-month ethnography at a long-running little magazine based in a large American city. In addition to providing an empirical description of an important but understudied domain of cultural production, this article has two findings of theoretical interest. First, without strong external constraints on processes of group evaluation, editors’ judgments became markedly negative, and their deliberations were often inconclusive. Second, negative and positive evaluations were not symmetric, but were produced by two differing sets of evaluative practices. These findings are broadly consistent with developing field theoretic descriptions of social life, but also raise many empirical and theoretical questions.Citation: Merriman, Ben. 2017. “The Editorial Meeting at a Little Magazine: An Ethnography of Group Judgment.” Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 46(4): 440-463.
’Governance by Things’ as a challenge to regulation by law
Authors: Schulz Wolfgang , Dankert Kevin
Published: July 2018

In this paper the authors examine how the rise of the Internet of Things will challenge regulatory structures. Coming from the idea of “code as law” the shift from technology governing online spaces to physical spaces is described as a new phenomenon. They call it ‘Governance by Things’. Some key observations of this structural shift are characterised in this article, for instance regarding its self-executing character and the imperfection of technology. Finally, the authors draw the conclusion that the ‘Governance by Things’ calls for a second-order regulation.Internet Policy Review, 5(2).
Parody as Brand
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

Courts have struggled with the evaluation of parody under trademark law.While many trademark courts have protected parodies, there are a surprisingnumber of cases that hold obvious parodies illegal. The problem isparticularly severe with respect to parodies that are used to brandproducts, a growing category. The doctrinal tools that generally protectexpressive parodies often don't apply to brand parodies. Our goal in thispaper is to think about what circumstances (if any) should lead courts tofind parody illegal. We conclude that, despite courts’ increasing attentionto speech interests in recent years, the law’s treatment of parody reflectstoo much uncertainty, leaving would-be parodists vulnerable to threats oflegal action by trademark holders. In particular, given the flexibility oflikelihood of confusion analysis, parodists’ fate is usually determined bythe subjective judgment of courts, whose treatment of parody often seems toturn on instinct rather than trademark principles. We suggest somedoctrinal tools that offer greater predictability and quicker resolution ofparody cases, while avoiding some of the shortcomings of more traditionalinfringement analysis.
The origin of a chart indicating the likelihood of conception linearly declining with age: a literature survey
Authors: Tanaka Sigeto
Published: July 2018

A chart indicating the likelihood of conception linearly declining with age (86% for women aged 20–24, 78% for 25–29, 63% for 30–34, 52% for 35–39, 36% for 40–44, 5% for 45–49, and 0% for 50 and over) is widely used on Internet fertility sites and by medical professionals. Its origin has been unknown until now. Through a literature survey, the author found that two books had contributed to the making of the chart. Among the seven points on the curve, three are based on data that are not the likelihood of conception, while four are probably derived from oversimplified description of fecundability estimates for American Hutterite and Taiwanese women in the 1950s and 1960s. At least two professionals are responsible for the fabrication or falsification of data.
E-waste Management as a Global Challenge (Introductory Chapter)
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: July 2018

Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment management (E-waste or WEEE) is acrucial issue in the solid waste management sector with globalinterconnections between well-developed, transitional and developingcountries. Consumption society and addiction to technology dictate thedaily life in high and middle-income countries where population consumeslarge amounts of EEE products (electrical and electronic equipment) whichsooner become e-waste. This fraction is a fast-growing waste stream whichneeds special treatment and management due to the toxic potential of publichealth and the environment. On the other hand, the e-wastecontains valuable materials which may be recovered (precious metals, Cu)reused and recycled (metals, plastics) by various industries mitigating theconsumption of natural resources.
Technology: Increasing Citizen Engagement and Access to Information
Authors: Reed David S.
Published: July 2018

The greater potential for engagement is enabling citizens to build new services on top of government systems, and to analyze the same data that government maintains for its internal use. This lets citizens not only comment to government, but co-produce government. To enable this, government leaders should:* Welcome the Civic Hackers - Local government leaders have had some notable successes cooperating with civic hackers to leapfrog the business-as-usual approach of government and its contractors.* Eat Your Own Dog Food - When a government leader makes her agency’s databases shareable with citizens, this will also make the databases more reliable for the agency.* Don’t Panic about Guerrilla Government - Technology is making off-the-clock engagement by government employees both inevitable and productive.Related informatoin is at www.PubAdmin.org
SAD computers and two versions of the Church–Turing Thesis
Authors: Button Tim
Published: July 2018

Recent work on hypercomputation has raised new objections against the Church–Turing Thesis. In this paper, I focus on the challenge posed by a particular kind of hypercomputer, namely, SAD computers. I first consider deterministic and probabilistic barriers to the physical possibility of SAD computation. These barriers suggest several ways to defend a Physical version of the Church–Turing Thesis. I then argue against Hogarth’s analogy between non-Turing computability and non-Euclidean geometry, showing that it is a non-sequitur. I conclude that the Effective version of the Church–Turing Thesis is unaffected by SAD computation.Published in British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 60.4: 765–92.
Piracy, Public Access, and Preservation: An Exploration of Sustainable Accessibility in a Public Torrent Index
Authors: Martin John Daniel
Published: July 2018

Members of the Pirate Parties International have claimed that torrent networks have the potential to function as repositories for popular cultural materials and historical primary source data. The Pirate Bay is the world’s most popular public index for tracking and downloading torrents. Using a snapshot of torrents on the site, this study considers the potential for torrent networks to preserve and provide access to cultural materials in the form of digital media content. Metadata from 2.1 million torrents were categorized by media type and the robustness of given torrents was assessed. Trends over time, such as number of uploads and volume, were also investigated. This study found that relatively few torrents exhibit long-term survivability, even though the overall volume in the index shows continuous increase.
Social Media Usage: The Impact on Feelings of Depression or Loneliness
Authors: Jensen Sarah
Published: July 2018

Over the past decade, there has been a rapid growth of social media. Much of the problem lies with the new potential for constant social comparisons. Social media also adds a new layer of interaction that can occur anywhere, at any time, with anyone. This allows for a higher quantity of relationships, but strips the depth of these relationships. Does increased social media use affect quality of life? I hypothesize that the more social media sites a respondent is a member or regular user of, the more time he or she reports feeling depressed or lonely. I used a sample of 628 respondents as part of in-person interviews conducted by the 2016 General Social Survey. The results found that overall about 51 percent of the people claimed to feel depressed or lonely none of the time. Meaning that about half of respondents do feel depressed or lonely at least some of the time. The most statistically significant finding revealed that the higher ones income, the less one reports feeling depressed or lonely. However, the hypothesis must be rejected because there is no statistical significance between social media usage and quality of life. Social media site usage does not result in increased feelings of depression or loneliness. Based on the income results, does money buy happiness? Those of lower socio-economic class may not have access to proper medical care and therefore do not get adequate treatment for mental illnesses. Structural forces might be having a direct impact.
A Bayesian Hierarchical Logistic Regression Model of Multiple Informant Family Health Histories
Authors: Lin Jielu , Myers Melanie , Koehly Laura M , Marcum Christopher Steven
Published: July 2018

Family health history (FHH) inherently involves collecting proxy reports of health statuses of related family members. Traditionally, such information has been collected from a single informant. More recently, research has suggested that a multiple in-formant approach to collecting FHH results in improved individual risk assessments. Likewise, recent work has emphasized the importance of incorporating health-relatedbehaviors into FHH based risk calculations. Integrating both multiple accounts of FHHwith behavioral information on family members represents a significant methodological challenge as such FHH data is hierarchical in nature and arises from potentially error-prone processes. In this paper, we introduce a statistical model that addresses that challenges using informative priors for background variation in disease prevalenceand the effect of other, potentially correlated, variables jointly with handling the hierarchical structure nesting multiple FHH accounts into families. Our empirical exampleis drawn from previously published data on families with a history of diabetes. The results of the model assessment suggest that simply accounting for the structured na-ture of multiple informant FHH data improves classification accuracy over the baselineand that incorporating family member health-related behavioral information into the model is preferred over alternative specifications
Attitudes to Immigrants of the Moderate Left in Switzerland
Authors: Ruedin Didier
Published: July 2018

Objective: Describe the attitudes of the moderate left in Switzerland. Methods: Descriptive statistics from the 2015 Swiss Electoral Study (SELECTS). Results: The moderate left is more open to foreigners than other respondents on all measures of attitudes and for all definitions of the moderate left used. Conclusion: Attitudes of the moderate left on immigration are distinctive from everyone else.
Foreign Aid Allocation from a Network Perspective: The Effect of Global Ties
Authors: Swiss Liam
Published: July 2018

This article examines competing explanations for foreign aid allocation on the global level and argues for a new approach to understanding aid from an institutionalist perspective. Using network data on all official bilateral aid relationships between countries in the period from 1975 through 2006 and data on recipient country ties to world society, the article offers an alternative explanation for the allocation of global foreign aid. Fixed effects negative binomial regression models on a panel sample of 117 developing countries reveal that global ties to world society in the form of non-governmental memberships and treaty ratifications are strong determinants of the network centrality of recipient countries in the global foreign aid network. Countries with a higher level of adherence and connection to world society norms and organizations are shown to be the beneficiaries of an increased number of aid relationships with wealthy donor countries. The findings also suggest that prior explanations of aid allocation grounded in altruist or realist motivations are insufficient to account for the patterns of aid allocation seen globally in recent years.
How To Work A Crowd: Developing Crowd Capital Through Crowdsourcing
Authors: Prpić John
Published: July 2018

Traditionally, the term ‘crowd’ was used almost exclusively in the context of people who self organized around a common purpose, emotion, or experience. Today, however, firms often refer to crowds in discussions of how collections of individuals can be engaged for organizational purposes. Crowdsourcing– defined here as the use of information technologies to outsource business responsibilities to crowds–—can now significantly influence a firm’s ability to leverage previously unattainable resources to build competitive advantage. Nonetheless, many managers are hesitant to consider crowdsourcing because they do not understand how its various types can add value to the firm. In response, we explain what crowdsourcing is, the advantages it offers, and how firms can pursue crowdsourcing. We begin by formulating a crowdsourcing typology and show how its four categories–—crowd voting, micro-task, idea, and solution crowdsourcing —can help firms develop ‘crowd capital,’ an organizational-level resource harnessed from the crowd. We then present a three-step process model for generating crowd capital. Step one includes important considerations that shape how a crowd is to be constructed. Step two outlines the capabilities firms need to develop to acquire and assimilate resources (e.g., knowledge, labor, funds) from the crowd. Step three outlines key decision areas that executives need to address to effectively engage crowds.Prpić, J., Shukla, P.P., Kietzmann, J.H., & McCarthy, I.P. (2015). How to Work a Crowd: Developing Crowd Capital Through Crowdsourcing. Business Horizons, Volume 58, Issue 1, Pages 77-85.
"Code switching" in sociocultural linguistics
Authors: Nilep Chad
Published: July 2018

This paper reviews a brief portion of the literature on code switching in sociology, linguistic anthropology, and sociolinguistics, and suggests a definition of the term for sociocultural analysis. Code switching is defined as the practice of selecting or altering linguistic elements so as to contextualize talk in interaction. This contextualization may relate to local discourse practices, such as turn selection or various forms of bracketing, or it may make relevant information beyond the current exchange, including knowledge of society and diverse identities.
The Frequently Used Discourse Markers by Saudi EFL Learners
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Alsharif Maryam
Published: July 2018

The paper examines the use of discourse markers by Saudi English learners who struggle to master them when they write English essays. The hypothesis is, and based on previous studies of discourse markers by English learners, Saudi English learners overuse them. English essays are collected as a corpus for analysis and a concordance program is used to shed light on how frequently key words in contexts are used by learners. The study compares between Saudi learners and native speakers in their use of discourse markers and to investigate similarities and differences between the two groups. The results support previous studies as the analysis proves that Saudi learners overuse discourse markers. They have been used unnecessarily and redundantly. The preference of types of discourse markers has been investigated to show that learners use listing and resultive discourse markers mainly. The frequency count of the discourse markers in the collected corpus indicates their preference to vary specific types to avoid repetition and not to vary the semantic functions of discourse markers..
Quantum Patent Mechanics
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

Determining the meaning of patent claims necessarily requires the judge tobreak the text of a claim into discrete elements or units of textcorresponding to the elements or units that comprise the claimed invention- essentially, organizing the language of the claims into chunks or quantaof text. Define an element narrowly - limit it to a single word, say - andyou will tend to narrow the resulting patent, because to prove infringementthe patentee must show that each word has a corresponding structure in theaccused device. By contrast, defining an element broadly tends to broadenthe patent, because it permits the text to read on a greater range ofaccused devices.For each discrete packet identified, the courts must determine the meaningof the constituent words. They can assign those words definitions thatrange from narrow, specific meanings to broad, general meanings. Indetermining the meaning of terms within a particular element, judgespracticing patent claim interpretation are engaged in an exercise that tosome degree resembles the famous levels of abstraction test articulated byJudge Learned Hand for analysis of infringement under copyright law'sidea/expression doctrine.There are no hard and fast standards in the law by which to make the rightdecision as to either the size of the textual element or the level ofabstraction at which it will be evaluated. Indeed, the indeterminacy is soacute that courts generally don't acknowledge that they are even engagingin either inquiry. They define an element almost arbitrarily, and even whenjudges disagree as to the proper definition they can offer no principledbasis for doing so. The problem may be worse than a simple failure toacknowledge subconscious decisions that affect the scope of a patent,however. This indeterminacy may well be inherent in the process of mappingwords to things, as modern literary theorists suggest. While courts purportto rely on the ordinary or plain meaning of the words of a patent claim,there may simply be no such thing.If we can't define the metes and bounds of the invention in any meaningfulway, we might instead start with the patentee's invention itself,construing patent claims narrowly and in light of the actual invention whenthe claim terms are ambiguous. Courts could then supplement this narrowerclaim construction with a doctrine of equivalents analysis, which wouldpermit them to decide how broadly to apply the principle of the invention.
Trade Secret Prices & High-Tech Devices: How Medical Device Manufacturers are Seeking to Sustain Profits by Propertizing Prices
Authors: Bridy Annemarie
Published: July 2018

The law of trade secrets has taken a back seat to copyrights and patents in the explosion of scholarship on intellectual property issues over the last decade. While scholars concerned for the future of the public domain have argued forcefully and persuasively against the continuing expansion of rights - both in scope and duration - for holders of copyrights and patents, they have said little about the corresponding "creep" that has been occurring in the law of trade secrets. This article examines some of the causes and effects of that "creep" in the context of recent claims by the medical device manufacturer Guidant that the actual prices its hospital customers pay for implantable devices, including cardiac pacemakers and defibrillators, are protectable as trade secrets under the Uniform Trade Secrets Act ("UTSA").Annemarie BridyProfessor|University of Idaho College of Law|PO Box 83720-0051|Boise, ID 83720|Ph. 208.364.4583Affiliate Scholar|Stanford Center for Internet and SocietyAffiliate Fellow|Yale Information Society ProjectSSRN|HeinOnline|LinkedIn|Twitter
Industrialization and Bilingualism in India
Authors: Clingingsmith David
Published: July 2018

Many of the world’s poorest people live in linguistically diverse countries where bilingualism is a distinct and important form of human capital. When communication among workers increases productivity, there are economic incentives to learn a second language. I study how the growth of industrial employment increased bilingualism in India between 1931 and 1961. Indian factories were linguistically mixed. I exploit industrial clustering and sectoral demand growth for identification. The effect on bilingualism was strongest in import-competing districts and among local linguistic minorities. Industrialization also increased literacy. Bilingualism was mainly the result of learning, rather than than migration or assimilation. It was not a byproduct of becoming literate. My results shed new light on human capital investment in developing economies and on the long-run evolution of languages and cultures.
Unemployment benefits and formality in the Brazilian labor market
Authors: Mourão Aline Nogueira Menezes , Almeida Mariana E , Amaral Ernesto F. L.
Published: July 2018

Title in Portuguese: Seguro-desemprego e formalidade no mercado de trabalho brasileiroAbstract: This paper analyzes the relationship between unemployment benefits and formal employment in the Brazilian labor market. The central hypothesis is that these policies have a negative impact on the incidence of formal employment, after receiving the benefits. The databases used are the 1999–2009 Brazilian household surveys (PNAD). Logistic regression models were estimated, in order to evaluate the effect of unemployment benefits on the Brazilian labor market. The dependent variable indicates the occurrence of formal employment for workers. In addition to a set of independent variables (survey year, region of residence, census area, sex, race, age and education), the models include a public policy evaluation variable (unemployment benefits), as well as variables to analyze the trend of this public policy over time. After receiving unemployment benefits, the incidence of formal employment among workers decreases by 42%. The analysis of interactive terms indicates that increases in the real values of the benefits, held since 1999, have not caused significant effects on the dependent variable.Resumo: Este trabalho analisa a relação entre seguro-desemprego e emprego formal no mercado de trabalho brasileiro. A hipótese central é de que o recebimento deste benefício tem efeito negativo sobre a formalidade do trabalho no período posterior ao seu recebimento. São usados dados da PNAD (1999-2009). Para avaliar o efeito do seguro-desemprego sobre o mercado de trabalho brasileiro, foram estimados modelos de regressão logística. A variável dependente indica a formalidade no trabalho principal. Além de uma série de variáveis independentes (ano da pesquisa, região de residência, situação censitária, sexo, raça, idade e escolaridade), os modelos contêm uma variável de avaliação de política pública (seguro-desemprego) e variáveis para analisar a tendência desta política pública no decorrer do tempo. O recebimento do benefício do seguro-desemprego apresenta efeito negativo de 42% sobre a formalidade no trabalho principal no momento posterior ao recebimento do benefício. A análise dos termos interativos permite indicar que reajustes dos valores do benefício, realizados desde 1999, não causaram efeitos relevantes na formalização do trabalho.
Recent books on gender in China
Authors: Wang Sean H.
Published: July 2018

Book review essay for "Gender, Place and Culture"
Urban data and city dashboards: Six key issues
Authors: Kitchin Rob
Published: July 2018

This chapter considers the relationship between data and the city by critically examining six key issues with respect city dashboards: epistemology, scope and access, veracity and validity, usability and literacy, use and utility, and ethics. While city dashboards provide useful tools for evaluating and managing urban services, understanding and formulating policy, and creating public knowledge and counter-narratives, our analysis reveals a number of conceptual and practical shortcomings. In order for city dashboards to reach their full potential we advocate a number of related shifts in thinking and praxes and forward an agenda for addressing the issues we highlight. Our analysis is informed by our endeavours in building the Dublin Dashboard.
Freedom of Speech and Injunctions in Intellectual Property Cases
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

Preliminary injunctions against libel, obscenity, and other kinds of speechare generally considered unconstitutional prior restraints. Never mind thata libel may inflict truly irreparable harm on you: The most you can hopefor is damages, or perhaps a permanent injunction after final adjudication-- not preliminary relief.And yet in copyright and other intellectual property cases, preliminaryinjunctions are routine. We argue that the prior restraint doctrine hassomething to say about that, too. Though copyright law (like libel andobscenity law), is a constitutionally permissible speech restriction, the"First Amendment Due Process" rule against prior restraints applies even tosuch permissible restrictions.We argue that preliminary injunctions in copyright cases are generallyunconstitutional; the one exception is cases where there's no controversyover substantial similarity of expression or fair use (for instance, wherethe question turns only on whether defendant had the requisite license). Wealso argue the same about right of publicity cases, trademark cases, andtrade secret cases, except possibly cases (such as many trademark cases)that involve commercial advertising. We believe this conclusion is dictatedby the Court's prior restraint doctrine, and also makes good FirstAmendment policy sense.
Racial Arithmetic: Ethnoracial Politics in a Relational Key
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñiz Michael
Published: July 2018

Societies invested in the quantification of race are rarely, if ever, free of racial arithmetic, the practice of using statistics to legitimate and justify political decisions along categories of race and ethnicity. Despite this, scholars have tended to focus on the production rather than the use of ethnoracial statistics. This paper argues that the study of racial arithmetic—an understudied feature of contemporary politics—requires a relational approach. To illustrate the purchase of this approach, this paper presents an analysis of Chicago’s most recent bout of aldermanic redistricting. In this case, racial arithmetic rested on the ubiquitous juxtaposition of “Latino” and “Black” demographics, as captured in the 2010 census. By casting Black and Latino political power as a zero-sum game, this juxtaposition helped longstanding white overrepresentation on the City Council escape public scrutiny.
Citizen Science as a New Way To Do Science
Authors: Ponti Marisa
Published: July 2018

This is the abstract of a talk given at the Dagstuhl Seminar 17272 - Citizen Science: Design and Engagement. Citizen science has received increasing attention because of its potential as a cost-effective method of gathering massive data sets and as a way of bridging the intellectual divide between layperson and scientists. Citizen science is not a new phenomenon, but is implemented in new ways in the digital age, offering opportunities to shape new interactions between volunteers, scientists and other stakeholders, including policymakers. Arguably, citizen science rests on two main pillars: openness and participation. However, openness can remain unexploited if we do not create the technical and social conditions for broader participation in more collaborative citizen science projects, beyond collecting and sharing data to scientists. “Public participation” has too often accounted for the assumed ease with which hierarchies in science can be horizontalized, and economic and geographic barriers can be removed. However, public participation is a contested term that should be problematized. The Scandinavian tradition of participatory design can help explore conceptually the challenges related to participation and to design for participation.
Psychosis. In Greg Eghigian (ed.) The Routledge History of Madness and Mental Health
Authors: Noll Richard
Published: July 2018

The history of psychosis from the perspectives of psychiatry, anthropology, the psychology of religion, and clinical psychology.
Environmental Messages as Found in Indonesian Folklore and Its Relation to Foreign Language Classroom
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Sukmawan Sony , Setyowati Lestari
Published: July 2018

Folklore is rich of values derived from local wisdom and local cultures. Certain folklores deliver narrative to respect and protect nature, either presented literally or symbolically. This study is aimed at identifying and describing Indonesian folklores which contain environmental messages, and investigating the English teachers ' perception of Secondary Schools about the use of Indonesian folklores for their teaching language skills. The study uses qualitative approach focused on content analysis by using mainly documentation instrument. To deepen the analysis, the interview was used to find out whether these folklores are applicable and appropriate for foreign language classes. The result shows that there are 17 Indonesian folklores that present environmental messages either implicitly or explicitly. The messages found in the folklores are firstly, catastrophe happens because of human's greed and misconducts to nature, and secondly it is human himself who can prevent the disaster to happen. Used in foreign language classes, folklore can help the teacher to train the students ' language and communication skills in reading, speaking and writing, at the same time it helps them to build awareness to the protection for the environment, enrich the cultural literacy, cultivate respectful behavior, and train their critical thinking ability.
Embracing an Ethnographic Agenda: Context, Collaboration, and Complexity
Authors: Lanclos Donna
Published: July 2018

The decision to incorporate ethnography and other qualitative methodologiesinto the work of libraries can have a transformative effect oninstitutional practices. Adopting such an approach signals the convictionthat institutional spaces should be comprehensible, and not just toinsiders. Qualitative approaches to understanding library users provideopportunities, provide space, give chances for breath, reflection,possibilities, and perhaps most important of all, for persuasion.-- ______________________________________________________________Donna M. Lanclos, Ph.D. | Associate Professor for Anthropological ResearchUNC Charlotte | J. Murrey Atkins Library9201 University City Blvd. | Charlotte, NC 28223dlanclos@uncc.edu | @DonnaLanclos on twitterphone number: 704-687-0480http://www.donnalanclos.com/
Teaching the Dynamics of Framing Competitions
Authors: Rinke Eike Mark
Published: July 2018

Courses: Political Communication, Communication Theory, Public OpinionObjective: To make students aware of and understand the processes involved in public framing competitions.
Imparting Teachers' Professional Know-How. Interaction and strategies in supervising teacher students
Authors: Hultman Glenn , Wedin Ann-Sofi
Published: July 2018

This article focuses on the supervision provided during the practical part of teacher education. We are interested in what happens in the interaction between the student and the supervisor and how supervisors impart their professional know-how to their students. Nearness becomes a collective main category concerning imparting knowledge. We extracted five categories from our material where nearness is visible. In teachers work in the classroom, the principle of nearness is a way to control what is taking place; sort of a didactic principle. The work of the supervisor may be seen as a clear illustration of this important didactic dimension.
Digital inclusion: can we transform education through technology?
Authors: Selwyn Neil
Published: July 2018

This article originates from a presentation made to the Tenth Conferencia Internacional Encuentros, held at the University of Barcelona, on 26th though 28th October 2016.
Attribution of Responsibility and Blame Regarding a Man-made Disaster: #FlintWaterCrisis
Authors: Oz Talha , Bisgin Halil
Published: July 2018

Attribution of responsibility and blame are important topics in political science especially as individuals tend to think of political issues in terms of questions of responsibility, and as blame carries far more weight in voting behavior than that of credit. However, surprisingly, there is a paucity of studies on the attribution of responsibility and blame in the field of disaster research. The Flint water crisis is a story of government failure at all levels. By studying microblog posts about it, we understand how citizens assign responsibility and blame regarding such a man-made disaster online. We form hypotheses based on social scientific theories in disaster research and then operationalize them on unobtrusive, observational social media data. In particular, we investigate the following phenomena: the source for blame; the partisan predisposition; the concerned geographies; and the contagion of complaining. This paper adds to the sociology of disasters research by exploiting a new, rarely used data source (the social web), and by employing new computational methods (such as sentiment analysis and retrospective cohort study design) on this new form of data. In this regard, this work should be seen as the first step toward drawing more challenging inferences on the sociology of disasters from "big social data".
CARMIGNANI CARIDI Settimio - Curia romana enti canonici operanti nello Stato della Città del Vaticano o negli immobili immuni enti vaticani Incerti confini ecc. 2014
Authors: CARIDI SETTIMIO CARMIGNANI
Published: July 2018

Vatican City State and Italian Judges
Language Learning Strategies, Motivation, and Writing Achievement of Indonesian EFL Students
Authors: Journal Arab World English , Nasihah Mutiatun , Cahyono Bambang Yudi
Published: July 2018

This study aims at investigating the correlation between language learning strategies (LLSs) and writing achievement, the correlation between motivation and writing achievement, and the correlation between LLSs combined with motivation and writing achievement. It involved one-hundred English as a foreign language (EFL) students of a senior high school which is located in a big city in Indonesia. The students were selected randomly to be the participants of this study. The data were collected by using the Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) questionnaire, motivation questionnaire, and writing tests. The results of research revealed that the null hypotheses for the three correlational analyses were rejected. In other words, there is a significant correlation between LLSs and writing achievement; there is a significant correlation between motivation and writing achievement; and there is a significant correlation between LLSs combined with motivation and writing achievement. Theoretically, this study supports the important roles of LLSs and motivation, either separately or combined, in predicting writing achievement. Pedagogically, when teaching writing, EFL teachers are recommended to introduce the potential of LLSs to EFL students, arouse the students’ motivation to write, or to apply both of them simultaneously to boost EFL students’ writing achievement.
Point of Novelty
Authors: Lemley Mark
Published: July 2018

We award patents to inventors because we hope to encourage new ideas. Forthis reason, the fundamental requirement for getting a patent is that youhave invented something new.It is curious, then, that patent law itself purports to pay no attention towhich aspects of a patentee’s invention are in fact new. A patentedinvention is legally defined by its claims – written definitions of theinvention. And those written definitions virtually never call out what itis that is new about the patentee’s invention.Even if the parties do identify the novel element of an invention, the lawpurports not to care. Long-standing patent law doctrine has decried anyfocus on the “point of novelty” of an invention. The United States Court ofAppeals for the Federal Circuit evaluates the claim as a whole, not justthe piece of the claim that the patentee actually added to the storehouseof knowledge. As the court frequently puts it, “there is no legallyrecognizable . . . ‘gist’ or ‘heart’ of the invention.”It turns out, however, to be hard to sustain a rule that a law concernedwith novelty will pay no attention to the point of novelty. And sopoint-of-novelty issues crop up in a number of different doctrines inpatent law, from figuring out who counts as an inventor to whether theinventor has disclosed the “best mode” of practicing the invention to whenthe sale of a product exhausts the patentee’s rights in the patent. Courtsare inconsistent in whether and how they consider the point of novelty inthese doctrines and more. But when the Federal Circuit presented with aquestion in point-of-novelty terms, it most often falls back on the mantrathat there is no point of novelty to an invention, even if it meansdiscarding long-standing precedent.It’s time to rethink the no-point-of-novelty doctrine in patent law. Iargue that ignoring what is novel about patentee’s invention makes littlesense as an across-the-board matter, and leads to a variety of harmfulconsequences. While refusing to focus on the point of novelty serves somevaluable purposes, there are other ways to achieve those ends. And in theend, a patent regime that pays attention to what the patentee actuallyinvented, not what the patent lawyer wrote down, is more likely to achievethe goal of promoting innovation.
Étude de l’utilisation d’un environnement numérique de formation : méthode de remise en situation à l’aide de traces numériques de l’activité
Authors: Flandin Simon
Published: July 2018

This article is an empirical contribution to the field of educational technology but also — and above all — a methodological contribution to the analysis of the activities enacted in this field. It takes account of a pilot study conducted within the framework of doctoral research and consisted in describing, analysing and modelling the activity of a trainee teacher in a situation of autonomous use of a video-based digital learning environment (DLE). We were particularly careful to describe the method in great detail. Two types of data were collected and processed within the framework of “course-of-action”: (i)activity observation data (dynamic screen capture) and (ii) data from resituating interviews supported by digital traces of that activity. The findings (i) validate the method’s relevance in relation to the object and issues of the research; (ii)show different levels of organization in the activity deployed in the situation of use; (iii) highlight four registers of concerns orienting use of the DLE. We conclude from a perspective of educational technology, by discussing how, according to certain conditions and different time scales, the findings inform a process of continuous DLE design.