bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiresorptive drug-related changes of the mandibular bone densitiy in medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw patients
Authors: Heim Nils , Götz Werner , Kramer Franz-Josef , Faron Anton
Published: September 2019

Objectives:

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a well known side-effect of anti-resorptive drugs. Changes in bone density might potentially constitute the development of ONJ. This study aimed to investigate, to which degree bisphosphonates (bp) and denosumab (db) induce changes in bone density that can be determined from routine diagnostic CT.

Methods:

CT scans of 101 patients were investigated. MRONJ was present in 61 patients (n = 26: db-treated; n = 35 bp-treated). 40 patients were included as a reference group. Bone density was measured at two distinct locations in the mandible (M1: anterior of the mental foramen; M2: retromolar), each on the contralateral side to the necrosis.

Results:

The bone density values measured at both locations were found to be significantly higher in the bp-group compared to the db-group (p = 0.027) and to the reference-group (p = 0.016). Almost no difference (p = 0.84) in bone density value was found between the db- and reference-groups.Investigating the effect of duration of treatment, none of the measured values showed significant differences in both locations of db- and bp-group.

Conclusion:

The findings from this study suggest that that bisphosphonates change the microarchitecture of the alveolar bone by being embedded in the mandible, which may subsequently lead to a bp-specific corticalization, and a decrease in vascularization of the lower jaw. This process may be distinctive for bp-treatment and seems to induce the congestion of cancellous bone rather rapidly after the first administrations. This effect could not be determined in denosumab-treated patients.
The Value of Pop-Up Stores on Retailing Platforms: Evidence from a Field Experiment with Alibaba
Authors: Zhang Dennis J. , Dai Hengchen , Dong Lingxiu , Wu Qian , Guo Lifan , Liu Xiaofei
Published: September 2019

We study the value of short-lived and experientially oriented pop-up stores, a popular type of omnichannel retail strategy, on both retailers that participate in pop-up store events and retailing platforms that host these retailers. We conduct a large-scale, randomized field experiment with Alibaba Group involving approximately 800,000 customers. We randomly assign customers to either receive a message about an upcoming weeklong pop-up store event organized by Alibaba’s business-to-consumer platform (Tmall.com) or not receive any message about the event. We find that our message increased foot traffic to the pop-up store and in turn boosted expenditure at participating retailers’ online stores at Tmall after the event ended. Furthermore, we use advanced Wi-Fi technology to track customers’ visits to the pop-up store—a missing component from past research that commonly relies on point-of-sale data. We find that pop-up store visits substantially increased customers’ subsequent expenditure at participating retailers’ Tmall stores. In addition, from a platform perspective we show that pop-up store visits increased customers’ purchases at retailers that sell related products on Tmall but did not participate in the pop-up store event. Additional analyses shed light on possible mechanisms underlying the cross-channel and spillover effects of pop-up stores and demonstrate that these effects were concentrated on prospective consumers.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
O ABUSO PROCESSUAL NA COLABORAÇÃO (DELAÇÃO) PREMIADA: UMA VISÃO DO INSTITUTO SOB A ÓPTICA DO PRINCÍPIO DA BOA-FÉ OBJETIVA
Authors: Freitas Marcio Dos Santos Alencar , Santiago Nestor Eduardo Araruna
Published: September 2019

O trabalho visou estudar a boa-fé objetiva (abuso do direito processual) no âmbito das colaborações premiadas por intermédio da análise do inteiro teor de decisões de órgãos colegiados do STF envolvendo a matéria publicadas entre 16/09/2013 (data de entrada em vigor da lei 12.850/2013) e 28/03/2018. Após a compilação e análise dos dados observou-se que nenhum dos julgados abordou diretamente o abuso do direito processual apesar de se evidenciar em diversos casos possíveis manifestações deste fenômeno. Isso leva a questionar até que ponto os magistrados seriam capazes de observar em suas demandas a presença da boa-fé objetiva das partes.
IMPASSES TEÓRICO-METODOLÓGICOS NO CAMPO DA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES E SUAS IMPLICAÇÕES NA FORMAÇÃO DOS LICENCIANDOS NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO ATUAL
Authors: Medeiros Gomes Kally Samara Silva , Albuquerque de Faria Lenilda Rêgo
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar um estudo sobre os impasses teórico-metodológicos no campo da formação inicial de professores, visando discutir os contornos assumidos na formação dos licenciandos no contexto brasileiro atual. O presente estudo trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica de enfoque qualitativo, que tem como referencial teórico as análises de Antunes (2002); Faria (2011); Freitas (1996; 2014); Frigotto (2010); Libâneo (2010); Marx (2006); Oliveira (2004; 2013); Paulo Netto e Braz (2006); Pimenta (1997; 2002; 2010); Saviani (2007; 2009; 2011) e Severino (2001; 2004; 2007). O texto traz, inicialmente, uma sucinta introdução sobre a temática em questão. Na sequência, descreve a metodologia utilizada para a construção do estudo. Na continuidade, enfatiza as categorias trabalho e educação como bases ontológicas do ser social e as mudanças de sentido sob a ordem do capital. Posteriormente, faz um breve apontamento a respeito dos impactos das reformas neoliberais na formação de professores no Brasil. Em seguida, apresenta os paradigmas da formação de professores e suas implicações na formação dos licenciandos. Finaliza, apontando a importância da articulação entre os saberes da docência como base constitutiva da identidade profissional do professor.
COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE DOIS MODELOS USADOS NA ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO REAL DA CULTURA DA SOJA
Authors: Pierdoná Henrique Luís , De Paula Adriano Cesar Pereira , Da Silva Cícero Lopes , Warren Morris Scherer , Rodrigues Lineu Neiva
Published: September 2019

Qualquer tentativa de melhoria da eficiência do uso da água na agricultura deve ser fundamentada em estimativas confiáveis da evapotranspiração real das culturas. Entre as metodologias aplicadas para esse propósito, a mais utilizada é aquela que se baseia no coeficiente de cultivo e na evapotranspiração de referência, a qual é difícil de ser adequadamente estimada em razão da falta de padronização das estações meteorológicas. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi analisar as principais limitações dos métodos de Penman-Monteith 1965 e da razão de Bowen utilizados na estimativa da evapotranspiração real de uma cultura de soja. Os dados micrometeorológicos necessários aos métodos avaliados procederam de estações automáticas instaladas no interior da área irrigada por um pivô central localizado numa bacia hidrográfica de Brasília – Distrito Federal. A evapotranspiração real obtida pelo método de Penman-Monteith de 1965 ficou abaixo da obtida pelo método da razão de Bowen. Uma das razões para essa discrepância pode estar associada ao uso de valores de resistência superficial diferentes dos que realmente ocorreram durante o experimento. Pelo fato de o método da razão de Bowen não fazer uso da resistência superficial, sugere-se que este foi, neste trabalho, mais apropriado para estimar os valores da evapotranspiração real da cultura da soja.
Policy labs: the next frontier of policy design and evaluation?
Authors: Olejniczak Karol , Borkowska-Waszak Sylwia , Domaradzka-Widła Anna , Park Yaerin
Published: September 2019

The article explores the potential benefits to public policy of combining traditional evaluative inquiry with insights developed dynamically in policy labs. Twenty leading labs from five continents are critically analysed through a literature review as well as policy and programme evaluation practices, assessing the extent to which the purpose, structures and processes used in policy labs address three challenges: (1) establishing the causality and value of public interventions, (2) explaining mechanisms of change, and (3) utilising research findings in public policy. The article concludes that creating synergies between evaluation inquiry and policy labs can improve the design and implementation of public policy and programmes.
Amplicon Sequencing-Based Noninvasive Fetal Genotyping for RHD-Positive D Antigen-Negative Alleles
Authors: Takahashi Ken , Migita Ohsuke , Sasaki Aiko , Nasu Michiko , Kawashima Akihiro , Sekizawa Akihiko , Sato Taisuke , Ito Yuki , Sago Haruhiko , Okamoto Aikou , Nakabayashi Kazuhiko , Hata Kenichiro
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

To avoid hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn resulting from maternal alloantibodies against fetal Rh antigens, anti-D immunoglobulin is routinely administered to RhD-negative pregnant women in Japan. Fetal RHD genotyping using cell-free DNA may prevent unnecessary antibody administration; however, current PCR-based methods, which detect RHD deletion, do not address the higher rates of RHD-positive D antigen-negative alleles in nonwhite populations without additional inspections.

METHODS

We developed an amplicon-sequencing method that could estimate the type of paternally inherited fetal RHD allele from 4 major RHD alleles in the Japanese population: the D antigen-positive allele (RHD*01, 92.9%) and 3 D antigen-negative alleles (RHD*01N.01, 6.6%; RHD*01EL.01, 0.3%; RHD*01N.04, 0.1%) using cell-free DNA obtained from the blood plasma of pregnant women.

RESULTS

The method correctly determined the fetal RhD type even when RhD-negative pregnant women possessed an RHD-positive D antigen-negative allele: RHD*01EL.01 or RHD*01N.04.

CONCLUSIONS

This method is a reliable noninvasive fetal RHD genotyping method for Japanese and other East Asian populations. The genotyping principle of amplifying 2 different regions using the same primer pair and distinguishing them by their sequence difference during the subsequent mapping procedure is also theoretically applicable to RHD-positive D antigen-negative alleles prevalent in Africans. Therefore, this method offers an opportunity to consider targeted administration of anti-D immunoglobulin to RhD-negative pregnant women in East Asian and African countries and to increase the specificity of the fetal RHD genotyping implemented nationwide in several European countries.
Climb High: Sondheim at the gateway to his career
Authors: McHugh Dominic
Published: September 2019

Sondheim has long identified his mentor, Oscar Hammerstein II, as one of the most influential figures in his life, both personally and creatively. In one interview, he called Hammerstein ‘a surrogate father’ and disclosed that ‘[h]e taught me how to structure a song, what a character was, what a scene was; he taught me how to tell a story, how not to tell a story, how to make stage directions practical’. The vehicle for this training was a four-part project: Hammerstein challenged the young Sondheim to write four musicals with specific criteria. The first three of these were abandoned before completion but Sondheim wrote a full script, music and lyrics for Climb High, working on the project from 1950 to 1953 with the obvious hope of having Hammerstein produce it on the stage (a frustrated ambition). Yet very little has been written about the work and Sondheim himself has been at pains to downplay its importance in his overall output. In this article, I exploit archival documents from Sondheim’s papers at Madison, Wisconsin to shed new light on the process of writing the piece, as well as its many anticipations of Sondheim’s mature work. In this way, I will place Climb High in the context of Sondheim’s creative development: a flawed but fascinating document of a writer at the gateway to his professional career.
Incremental Cost-Effectiveness of Aspiration Therapy vs Bariatric Surgery and No Treatment for Morbid Obesity
Authors: Mital Shweta , Nguyen Hai V.
Published: September 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Despite its recent approval by the US Food and Drug Administration and Health Canada, aspiration therapy—one of the latest weight loss treatments—remains controversial. Critics have expressed concerns that the therapy could lead to bulimia and other binge eating disorders. Meanwhile, proponents argue that the therapy is less invasive, reversible, and cheaper than bariatric surgery. Cost-effectiveness of this therapy, however, is not yet established.

METHODS:

We developed a Markov model to estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of aspiration therapy relative to 2 most common bariatric surgery procedures (gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy) and no treatment over a lifetime horizon. Costs were estimated from the health system's perspective using US data. Effectiveness was measured in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs).

RESULTS:

Despite being a cheaper procedure than bariatric surgery, aspiration therapy costs more than bariatric surgery in the long term because of its high maintenance costs (i.e., periodic replacement of device parts). It also yields lower QALYs than bariatric surgery because of its smaller weight loss effects. Thus, the therapy is dominated by bariatric surgery. In particular, compared with gastric bypass, it costs US$5,318 more and yields 1.31 fewer QALYs. However, aspiration therapy is cost-effective relative to no treatment with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of US$17,532 per QALY gained.

DISCUSSION:

Given its high lifetime costs and its modest weight loss effects, aspiration therapy is not cost-effective relative to bariatric surgery. However, it is a cost-effective treatment option for patients who lack access to bariatric surgery.
Hemostasis With Endoscopic Band Ligation for Rupture of Jejunal Varices
Authors: Shiratori Yasutoshi , Nakamura Kenji , Ikeya Takashi , Takagi Koichi , Fukuda Katsuyuki
Published: September 2019

Compared with the variceal rupture in the esophagus or stomach, rupture of ectopic varices including those in the jejunum is rare, and a definitive hemostatic method is not established. We report our case and review the literature regarding the pathophysiology and hemostatic methods of ectopic varices. A patient presented with hematemesis and cardiopulmonary arrest following hemorrhagic shock. After resuscitation, we performed emergency endoscopy and diagnosed ruptured jejunal varices that were subsequently treated by endoscopic band ligation.
ANÁLISE DA DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL DAS QUEIMADAS NO PARQUE NACIONAL DA SERRA DA CANASTRA (MG), ENTRE 1984 E 2017
Authors: Messias Cassiano Gustavo , Ferreira Marcos César
Published: September 2019

Desde os últimos 32 mil anos o fogo tem contribuído para a evolução do Cerrado. Contudo, queimadas muito frequentes, especialmente de natureza antrópica, podem levar à redução da vegetação nativa, tornando-se um problema para a longevidade de Unidades de Conservação. O objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar a distribuição espacial das queimadas ocorridas no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Minas Gerais, Brasil, entre 1984 e 2017. O mapeamento visual das cicatrizes foi realizado em Sistemas de Informações Geográficas, por meio de produtos Landsat, e foi gerado o mapa de recorrência de queimadas, que mostra a frequência de queimadas nesse intervalo de tempo. Os resultados mostram que o Chapadão da Babilônia é a área mais atingida, pois não é regularizado. No Chapadão da Canastra, por mais que as características dos ambientes sejam semelhantes ao Chapadão da Babilônia, as queimadas são menos frequentes, devido à regularização e ao desenvolvimento de ações de combate e prevenção de incêndios. Na zona de amortecimento as queimadas atingem áreas inferiores, pois são áreas menos propícias à propagação do fogo, mas o número de cicatrizes é muito superior aos Chapadões. A regularização fundiária é essencial para a redução do fogo no Chapadão da Babilônia.
El régimen del artículo 121.3 de la Convención del Mar según el laudo sobre el Mar del Sur de China: ¿lineamientos para los eventuales conflictos en América Latina?
Authors: Villamizar Lamus Fernando
Published: September 2019

El artículo estudia el análisis del artículo 121 numeral 3 de la Convención del Mar de 1982 realizado por el Tribunal Arbitral en el caso Filipinas c. China, y qué enseñanzas pueden aprenderse para evitar o solucionar conflictos en una región que posee una vasta cantidad de islas en su territorio como es América Latina.
La paradoja del conservadurismo en las políticas de innovación productiva
Authors: Comba Daniel A.
Published: September 2019

El trabajo parte de la premisa que desde la reestructuración del sistema de ciencia, tecnología e innovación (SCTI) argentino de los años noventa, los diferentes instrumentos de las políticas orientadas a la innovación tecnológica siguieron mismos patrones de diseño con pequeños ajustes incrementales, sin alterar sustancialmente los diseños que se dieron durante la reestructuración señalada. Para argumentarlo, el trabajo se organiza así: primero se introduce brevemente la cuestión bajo estudio, como así también los marcos teóricos de referencia. Segundo, se da cuenta de la reestructuración del SCTI argentino de la década del ’90, centrando la atención en la cristalización de una nueva institucionalidad y en su evolución durante los veinte años siguientes. Tercero, se presentan los principales instrumentos de las políticas de innovación tecnológica (PIT) que se implementaron caracterizándolos en función de diversos componentes y analizando sus semejanzas y diferencias. Cuarto, se indican lineamientos que podrían ser la base para orientar instrumentos innovadores en esta arena de políticas. Unas breves conclusiones sintetizan y articulan los aportes de cada parte del trabajo.
Resonator to Laser Cavity Decoupling Interface for Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser
Authors: Varshney A. K. , Dohare Rajeev Kr. , Singhal Gaurav , Dr Mainuddin
Published: September 2019

In the present work, the conventional chemical oxygen iodine laser (COIL) source has been technologically upgraded and successfully tested after implementation of decoupling interface between laser cavity and resonator. In the technique, anti-reflection coated fused silica windows mounted in suitable mechanical assemblies are placed between resonator mirrors and laser cavity in such a way that the generated laser beam is out coupled through the resonator during the laser operation. The implemented decoupling assemblies isolate the caustic environment produced in low pressure laser cavity from that of resonator mirrors. Thus requirement of using isolation valves and cavity limbs between laser cavity and resonator as in conventional COIL source is eliminated. Such decoupling mechanism therefore effectively reduces the number of associated components as well as overall length of the laser source which in turn further reduces the overall weight of the laser making it suitable for use onto a mobile platform. Moreover the technique provides accrued benefits in terms of reduction in readiness time and checking of optical alignment of the laser source at will in practical operation scenarios.
Efficiency and Stiffness of the Single Lap Bolt Joints in Glass Epoxy Composites
Authors: Singh Jaspreet , Singh Kulwinder , Saini J. S.
Published: September 2019

The present work deals with the investigations on the joint efficiency and the joint stiffness of the single lap bolt joint made of two dimensional woven glass fibre reinforced composite materials. The effect of joint geometry, bolt pretension and washer has been determined on the bolt joint performance. To estimate the effect of geometric parameters; the edge-to-hole diameter (e/d) and width-to-hole diameter (w/d) ratios are varied from 3 to 4 and 3 to 5, respectively. To study the worst loading conditions; the bolt pre-tension is set to zero, whereas 5 Nm torque is applied to investigate the joint in fully clamped conditions. Two different sizes of washer i.e., the outer diameter of 12 mm and 16 mm have been studied to estimate the effect of the washer on failure load, joint stiffness, and joint efficiency. Progressive damage analysis has been performed on the single lap bolt joint. Characteristic curve method along with Tsai-Wu failure criteria has been used for the prediction of the failure loads and failure modes. The joint stiffness and the failure load of the joint are increased with the increase of w/d ratios. However, the joint efficiency was negatively influenced by w/d ratio.
Qualidade de três técnicas para preenchimento do canal radicular: análise in vitro de cortes transversais em molares inferiores
Authors: Rodrigues Carla Roberta Souza , Patara Tatiany Sanches Leite , Batista Victor Eduardo de Souza , Verri Fellippo Ramos , Mori Graziela Garrido
Published: September 2019

Introdução: o sistema reciprocante pode preparar o canal radicular usando um único instrumento; entretanto, para garantir o sucesso endodôntico, a obturação radicular deve ser de alta qualidade. Para isso, várias técnicas podem ser usadas, e é importante que sua eficiência seja determinada. Assim, o presente estudo analisou três técnicas diferentes, considerando a capacidade de preenchimento da obturação do canal radicular. Métodos: o estudo envolveu 30 molares inferiores humanos extraídos; os canais mesiais desses dentes foram instrumentados com o sistema WaveOne e, então, divididos em três grupos, de acordo com a técnica utilizada para o preenchimento do canal radicular. A técnica de cone único, técnica híbrida de Tagger e uma técnica experimental (cone único mais o uso do condensador guta-percha) foram utilizadas para os Grupos I, II e II, respectivamente. Os dentes obturados foram cortados transversalmente em seções de 0,3 mm a 2, 4 e 6 mm do ápice do canal radicular. As seções foram, então, digitalizadas e analisadas. Os dados foram comparados estatisticamente pelos testes de Kruskal-Wallis e Dunn, com valores de p < 0,05 indicando significância. Resultados: não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos experimentais em relação às quantidades de guta-percha ou cimento utilizado. No entanto, nos Grupos II e III, houve menor ocorrência de espaços vazios no preenchimento do canal radicular do que no Grupo I (p < 0,05). Conclusão: conclui-se que as técnicas de preenchimento do canal radicular apresentadas no presente estudo geraram um baixo número de espaços vazios e que as técnicas termoplastificadoras conferem menos espaços vazios.
Correlação dos diâmetros e conicidades de instrumentos reciprocantes com cones de guta-percha para obturação com cone único
Authors: Vieira Victor Talarico Leal , Silva Emmanuel João Nogueira Leal da , Rodrigues Paula Regina Nepomuceno Dias , Silva Luana Castro Andrade da , Lunz Jaqueline Silva Cardoso , Murucci Marjorie Dardis , Pereira Leonardo da Cunha Boldrini
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar as dimensões dos instrumentos Reciproc R25 e X1 Blue File, e dos cones de guta-percha da Mk Life R25, Reciproc R25 e DiaDent R25, para verificar qual cone de guta-percha se adapta melhor no preparo dos instrumentos. Métodos: dez instrumentos Reciproc R25 25/0,08v e X1Blue File 25/0,06; e dez cones de guta-percha Dia- Dent R25, Mk Life R25 e Reciproc R25 foram utilizados. As imagens foram obtidas através de uma lupa estereoscópica com uma câmera digital acoplada. As medidas foram obtidas através do programa TS View. Os diâmetros dos instrumentos e dos cones de guta-percha foram determinados em D0 até D9, com intervalos de medidas de 1,0 mm; e a conicidade foi calculada adotando-se os diâmetros D8 e D1. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística utilizando o programa Primer of biostatistics versão 6.0. Resultados: apesar da maior conicidade dos instrumentos X1Blue file (0,07mm/mm), não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os instrumentos nos três primeiros milímetros (p > 0,05), o mesmo ocorreu para a conicidade dos cones (p > 0,05). Os cones de guta-percha apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa em todos os diâmetros aferidos (p < 0,05). Conclusão: os instrumentos e os cones de guta-percha atenderam à recomendação das respectivas normas ANSI/ADA. O cone de guta-percha que apresentou maior compatibilidade dimensional com os diâmetros dos instrumentos foi o MK life, e VDW foi o que apresentou maior desajuste.
Uso do ultrassom na otimização do tratamento endodôntico: relato de caso
Authors: Alcalde Murilo Priori , Vivan Rodrigo Ricci , Weckwerth Paulo Henrique , Silva Guilherme Ferreira da , Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: o objetivo do presente relato de caso foi demonstrar o emprego do ultrassom em diversas etapas do tratamento endodôntico de um segundo molar inferior com anatomia em forma de C, possibilitando um aumento na previsibilidade no tratamento em dentes com complexidades anatômicas. Relato de caso: paciente do sexo masculino, relatou sensibilidade dolorosa no lado direito inferior da face. O exame clínico mostrou ausência de vitalidade pulpar, e o exame radiográfico detectou a presença de lesão cariosa no dente #47, lesão periapical e uma anatomia em forma de C. Assim, o tratamento de escolha foi a necropulpectomia. Após abertura coronária, foi realizado o refinamento da câmara pulpar e das embocaduras dos canais, com ponta de ultrassom. O preparo biomecânico foi realizado com instrumento Reciproc 25.08 e Mtwo 40.04, sendo a agitação final do hipoclorito de sódio e do EDTA realizada com a ponta ultrassônica Irrisonic. A medicação intracanal empregada foi a pasta de hidróxido de cálcio. Após 15 dias, a medicação foi removida por meio de irrigação ultrassônica passiva, e os canais foram secos com pontas de papel absorvente esterilizadas. A obturação dos canais foi realizada com o cimento AH Plus, o qual foi inserido com espiral de Lentulo #40 e, em seguida, agitado por 1 minuto com ultrassom. Então, a técnica de obturação híbrida de Tagger foi realizada. Conclusão: o controle radiográfico após 1 ano e 8 meses mostrou o reparo total da lesão periapical, demonstrando que uso o ultrassom nas diversas etapas da terapia endodôntica pode contribuir para uma maior previsibilidade do tratamento.
On commutator Krylov transitive and commutator weakly transitive Abelian p-groups
Authors: Chekhlov Andrey R. , Danchev Peter V.
Published: September 2019

We define the concepts of commutator (Krylov) transitive and strongly commutator (Krylov) transitive Abelian p-groups. These two innovations are respectively non-trivial generalizations of the notions of commutator fully transitive and strongly commutator fully transitive p-groups from a paper of Chekhlov and Danchev (J. Group Theory, 2015). They are also commutator socle-regular in the sense of Danchev and Goldsmith (J. Group Theory, 2014). Various results from there and from a paper of Goldsmith and Strüngmann (Houston J. Math., 2007) are considerably extended to this new point of view.
We also define and explore the concept of a commutator weakly transitive Abelian p-group, comparing its properties with those of the aforementioned two group classes. Some affirmations, sounding quite curiously, are detected in order to illustrate the pathology of the commutators in the endomorphism rings of p-primary Abelian groups.
Metric geometry of infinite-dimensional Lie groups and their homogeneous spaces
Authors: Larotonda Gabriel
Published: September 2019

We study the geometry of Lie groups G with a continuous Finsler metric, in presence of a subgroup K such that the metric is right-invariant for the action of K. We present a systematic study of the metric and geodesic structure of homogeneous spaces M obtained by the quotient

M
≃

G
/
K

{M\simeq G/K}

. Of particular interest are left-invariant metrics of G which are then bi-invariant for the action of K. We then focus on the geodesic structure of groups K that admit bi-invariant metrics, proving that one-parameter groups are short paths for those metrics, and characterizing all other short paths. We provide applications of the results obtained, in two settings: manifolds of Banach space linear operators, and groups of maps from compact manifolds.
Simulation of Particle Mixing and Separation in Multi-Component Fluidized Bed Using Eulerian-Eulerian Method: A Review
Authors: Zhang Yong , Ran Zhenzhen , Jin Baosheng , Zhang Youwei , Zhou Chunlei , Sher Farooq
Published: September 2019

In practical engineering applications, the mixing and separation behavior of multi-component particles is importance to the fluidized bed operation. The development of many practical processes is inseparable from the knowledge of particle mixing and separation, such as material processing of ash-soluble coal gasification, multi-phase flow in boilers, and petrochemical catalytic processes. In recent years, due to the obvious advantages of the Eulerian–Eulerian model, many researchers at home and abroad have used it to study the mixing and separation behavior of particles. The paper reviews the use of Eulerian–Eulerian model to study the mixing and separation of multi-component particles in fluidized beds. The Eulerian–Eulerian model describes the gas-phase and each of the individual particles as continuums. The mechanism of particle mixing and separation, the influence of different factors on the particle mixing and separation including differences in particle size and density, the differences in apparent air velocity, the differences in model factors are discussed. Finally, an outlook for the use of Eulerian–Eulerian model to study the mixing and separation behavior of three component particles and related research on the drag model between particles.
Characterization of Chinese Grape Seed Oil by Physicochemical Properties, Fatty Acid Composition, Triacylglycrol Profiles, and Sterols and Squalene Composition
Authors: Zhao Beibei , Gong Haodi , Li Hua , Zhang Yan , Lan Tao , Chen Zhicheng
Published: September 2019

This work focused on physicochemical property assaying, fatty acid composition, triacylglycerol profiles, and sterols and squalene composition of the Chinese grape seed oil. Three different methods were used to extract oil from Chinese grape seeds, solvent extraction, cold press and hot press methods. Three oils all possess very low acid value and peroxide value, suggesting their good quality as edible oil. Fatty acid composition results indicated that the total content of unsaturated fatty acids was 89.14 %, within which the majority fatty acid was linoleic acid with content of 64.11 %. Characterization of triacylglycerol profiles was achieved by a two-dimensional HPLC coupling of nonaqueous reverse-phase and silver ion HPLC with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry method. There was a total of 30 TAGs including 23 regioisomers that have been determined. Unsaponifiable matters composition results revealed that the total sterols content and the squalene content were 278.49 mg/100 g and 17.81 mg/100 g, respectively.
The Effects of Caffeine and Citrus Aurantium on Performance During Repeated Maximal Anaerobic Exercise Bouts in Habitual Caffeine Users
Authors: McLester Cherilyn N. , Bailey Paul , Bechke Emily E. , Williamson Cassie M. , McLester John R. , Kliszczewicz Brian
Published: September 2019

McLester, CN, Bailey, P, Bechke, EE, Williamson, CM, McLester, JR, and Kliszczewicz, B. The effects of caffeine and Citrus aurantium on performance during repeated maximal anaerobic exercise bouts in habitual caffeine users. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3394–3399, 2021—The combination of caffeine (CAF) and Citrus aurantium (CA) have demonstrated the potential to improve various types of performance. To date, few studies have explored this relationship in purely anaerobic-based exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the influence of an acute dose of CAF + CA on peak anaerobic performance and the attenuation of power over multiple anaerobic bouts and to determine any differences in perceived effort or fatigue. Ten active men (25.1 ± 3.9 years) who habitually consumed caffeine volunteered to perform repeated anaerobic bouts on a cycle ergometer on 2 separate days, consuming either a placebo or 100 mg CAF + 100 mg CA. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 and repeated measures analysis of variance showed no main effects for peak power p = 0.520, mean power p = 0.926, minimum power p = 0.321, total work p = 0.924, time to peak power p = 0.536, or rate of fatigue p = 0.284. There was a time effect for all variables (p ≤ 0.05) with the exception of time to peak power (p = 0.181). There were no differences in any measures of perceived effort or fatigue between conditions (p ≥ 0.05), but there were time-dependent differences observed each day (p ≤ 0.05). Overall, an acute dosage of 100 mg CAF and 100 mg CA did not elicit any differences in anaerobic performance or in perceived measures of effort and fatigue in young males who habitually consume caffeine. Therefore, caution should be used when pairing CAF and CA for the goal of improving anaerobic performance, because no clear benefit was realized in this population at this dosage.
Acute Neuromuscular and Hormonal Responses to Different Exercise Loadings Followed by a Sauna
Authors: Rissanen Joonas A. , Häkkinen Arja , Laukkanen Jari , Kraemer William J. , Häkkinen Keijo
Published: September 2019

Rissanen, JA, Häkkinen, A, Laukkanen, J, Kraemer, WJ, and Häkkinen, K. Acute neuromuscular and hormonal responses to different exercise loadings followed by a sauna.J Strength Cond Res34(2): 313–322, 2020—The purpose of this study was to investigate acute responses of endurance (E + SA), strength (S + SA), and combined endurance and strength exercise (C + SA) followed by a traditional sauna bath (70° C, 18% relative humidity) on neuromuscular performance and serum hormone concentrations. Twenty-seven recreationally physically active men who were experienced with taking a sauna participated in the study. All the subjects performed a sauna bath only (SA) first as a control measurement followed by S + SA and E + SA (paired matched randomization) and C + SA. Subjects were measured PRE (before exercise), MID (immediately after exercise and before sauna), POST (after sauna), POST30min (30 minutes after sauna), and POST24h (24 hours after PRE). Maximal isometric leg press (ILPFmax) and bench press (IBPFmax) forces, maximal rate of force development (RFD) and countermovement vertical jump (CMVJ), serum testosterone (TES), cortisol (COR), and 22-kD growth hormone (GH22kD) concentrations were measured. All exercise loadings followed by a sauna decreased ILPFmax(−9 to −15%) and RFD (−20 to −26%) in POST. ILPFmax, RFD, and CMVJ remained at significantly (p≤ 0.05) lowered levels after S + SA in POST24h. IBPFmaxdecreased in POST in S + SA and C + SA and remained lowered in POST24h. SA decreased ILPFmaxand IBPFmaxin POST and POST30min and remained lowered in ILPFmax(−4.1%) at POST24h. GH22kD, TES, and COR elevated significantly in all loadings measured in the afternoon in MID. SA only led to an elevation (15%) in TES in POST. The strength exercise followed by a sauna was the most fatiguing protocol for the neuromuscular performance. Traditional sauna bathing itself seems to be strenuous loading, and it may not be recommended 24 hours before the next training session. A sauna bath after the loadings did not further change the hormonal responses recorded after the exercise loadings.
Retinal Stabilization Reveals Limited Influence of Extraretinal Signals on Heading Tuning in the Medial Superior Temporal Area
Authors: Manning Tyler S. , Britten Kenneth H.
Published: September 2019

Heading perception in primates depends heavily on visual optic-flow cues. Yet during self-motion, heading percepts remain stable, even though smooth-pursuit eye movements often distort optic flow. According to theoretical work, self-motion can be represented accurately by compensating for these distortions in two ways: via retinal mechanisms or via extraretinal efference-copy signals, which predict the sensory consequences of movement. Psychophysical evidence strongly supports the efference-copy hypothesis, but physiological evidence remains inconclusive. Neurons that signal the true heading direction during pursuit are found in visual areas of monkey cortex, including the dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd). Here we measured heading tuning in MSTd using a novel stimulus paradigm, in which we stabilize the optic-flow stimulus on the retina during pursuit. This approach isolates the effects on neuronal heading preferences of extraretinal signals, which remain active while the retinal stimulus is prevented from changing. Our results from 3 female monkeys demonstrate a significant but small influence of extraretinal signals on the preferred heading directions of MSTd neurons. Under our stimulus conditions, which are rich in retinal cues, we find that retinal mechanisms dominate physiological corrections for pursuit eye movements, suggesting that extraretinal cues, such as predictive efference-copy mechanisms, have a limited role under naturalistic conditions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSensory systems discount stimulation caused by an animal's own behavior. For example, eye movements cause irrelevant retinal signals that could interfere with motion perception. The visual system compensates for such self-generated motion, but how this happens is unclear. Two theoretical possibilities are a purely visual calculation or one using an internal signal of eye movements to compensate for their effects. The latter can be isolated by experimentally stabilizing the image on a moving retina, but this approach has never been adopted to study motion physiology. Using this method, we find that extraretinal signals have little influence on activity in visual cortex, whereas visually based corrections for ongoing eye movements have stronger effects and are likely most important under real-world conditions.
Excess Light Priming in Arabidopsis thaliana Genotypes with Altered DNA Methylomes
Authors: Ganguly Diep R , Stone Bethany A B , Bowerman Andrew F , Eichten Steven R , Pogson Barry J
Published: September 2019

Plants must continuously react to the ever-fluctuating nature of their environment. Repeated exposure to stressful conditions can lead to priming, whereby prior encounters heighten a plant’s ability to respond to future events. A clear example of priming is provided by the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), in which photosynthetic and photoprotective responses are enhanced following recurring light stress. While there are various post-translational mechanisms underpinning photoprotection, an unresolved question is the relative importance of transcriptional changes toward stress priming and, consequently, the potential contribution from DNA methylation – a heritable chemical modification of DNA capable of influencing gene expression. Here, we systematically investigate the potential molecular underpinnings of physiological priming against recurring excess-light (EL), specifically DNA methylation and transcriptional regulation: the latter having not been examined with respect to EL priming. The capacity for physiological priming of photosynthetic and photoprotective parameters following a recurring EL treatment was not impaired in Arabidopsis mutants with perturbed establishment, maintenance, or removal of DNA methylation. Importantly, no differences in development or basal photoprotective capacity were identified in the mutants that may confound the above result. Little evidence for a causal transcriptional component of physiological priming was identified; in fact, most alterations in primed plants presented as a transcriptional ‘dampening’ in response to an additional EL exposure, likely a consequence of physiological priming. However, a set of transcripts uniquely regulated in primed plants provide preliminary evidence for a novel transcriptional component of recurring EL priming, independent of physiological changes. Thus, we propose that physiological priming of recurring EL in Arabidopsis occurs independently of DNA methylation; and that the majority of the associated transcriptional alterations are a consequence, not cause, of this physiological priming.
Modulating Mistranslation Potential of tRNASer inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Berg Matthew D , Zhu Yanrui , Genereaux Julie , Ruiz Bianca Y , Rodriguez-Mias Ricard A , Allan Tyler , Bahcheli Alexander , Villén Judit , Brandl Christopher J
Published: September 2019

Mistranslation, incorporating an amino acid not specified by the “standard” genetic code, has applications in research and synthetic biology. Since mistranslation is toxic, its level must be modulated. Using a serine tRNA with a proline anticodon, we identify...

Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) read the genetic code, translating nucleic acid sequence into protein. For tRNASer the anticodon does not specify its aminoacylation. For this reason, mutations in the tRNASer anticodon can result in amino acid substitutions, a process called mistranslation. Previously, we found that tRNASer with a proline anticodon was lethal to cells. However, by incorporating secondary mutations into the tRNA, mistranslation was dampened to a nonlethal level. The goal of this work was to identify second-site substitutions in tRNASer that modulate mistranslation to different levels. Targeted changes to putative identity elements led to total loss of tRNA function or significantly impaired cell growth. However, through genetic selection, we identified 22 substitutions that allow nontoxic mistranslation. These secondary mutations are primarily in single-stranded regions or substitute G:U base pairs for Watson–Crick pairs. Many of the variants are more toxic at low temperature and upon impairing the rapid tRNA decay pathway. We suggest that the majority of the secondary mutations affect the stability of the tRNA in cells. The temperature sensitivity of the tRNAs allows conditional mistranslation. Proteomic analysis demonstrated that tRNASer variants mistranslate to different extents with diminished growth correlating with increased mistranslation. When combined with a secondary mutation, other anticodon substitutions allow serine mistranslation at additional nonserine codons. These mistranslating tRNAs have applications in synthetic biology, by creating “statistical proteins,” which may display a wider range of activities or substrate specificities than the homogenous form.
Influence of Sedation with Dexmedetomidine on Oxidative Distress During Delirium Developed Following Severe Polytrauma
Authors: Bershadsky F. F. , Grebenchikov O. A. , Yershov A. V. , Likhvantsev V. V. , Magomedov M. A.
Published: September 2019

Purpose is to evaluate the influence of intravenous sedation with dexmedetomidine and propofol on the intensity of oxidative distress, delirium severity and duration in severe polytrauma patients.

Material and methods. 100 victims (18 to 50 years of age, trauma of two regions and more, ISS score at admission equal to 16–50) were included in the study. Depending on sedation method, the patients were split into group I (n=51) and group II (n=49), in the combined therapy of whom propofol and dexmedetomidine were used, respectively. In addition to standard examinations, the blood plasma carbonylated peptides were assayed in all patients.

Results. It has been established that the assay content of carbonylated peptides in blood might reflect polytrauma severity. A link between the oxidative distress intensity and delirium duration (r=0.34; P<0.05) and severity (r=0.38, P<0.05) in severe polytrauma patients has been demonstrated, which might support the role of oxidative distress in delirium development. Influence of the sedation drugs dexmedetomidine or propofol on oxidative distress intensity was not evident in all stages of the study.

Conclusion. Significant oxidative distress promotes longer and more severe course of delirium in severe polytrauma patients. The content of carbonylated proteins over 0.78 nmol/mg predicts the development of cognitive dysfunction one month after severe polytrauma with 62% sensitivity and 67% specificity. In spite of clinical efficacy, neither dexmedetomidine nor propofol reliably reduce oxidative distress in severe polytrauma patients.
Mycoplasma pneumoniae Carriage With De Novo Macrolide-Resistance and Breakthrough Pneumonia
Authors: Alishlash Ammar Saadoon , Atkinson Thomas Prescott , Schlappi Charles , Leal Sixto M. , Waites Ken B. , Xiao Li
Published: September 2019

Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is prevalent in children and can be followed by upper airway carriage for months. Treatment of M pneumoniae pneumonia with macrolides is widespread and can lead to the development of macrolide resistance. The clinical consequences of chronic M pneumoniae carriage are unknown. In this article, we describe a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who developed macrolide-susceptible M pneumoniae pneumonia confirmed by nasopharyngeal secretions polymerase chain reaction and culture with good response to azithromycin. Five months later, the patient developed another M pneumoniae pneumonia that was diagnosed with positive macrolide-resistant M pneumoniae polymerase chain reaction and culture from the bronchoalveolar lavage. The child responded well to fluoroquinolones and eventually was discharged from the hospital. The M pneumoniae recovered from the second pneumonia is a novel strain and is genetically identical to the M pneumoniae that caused the first pneumonia, apart from the macrolide-resistance 23S ribosomal RNA gene. Both isolates are identical in both P1 (subtype 2 with a novel variant, 2bv) and multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis type (53662). This is indicative of chronic M pneumoniae carriage with de novo macrolide-resistance mutation and subsequent breakthrough pneumonia that is reported for the first time here. Children with immunosuppression may be at increased risk of life-threatening macrolide-resistant pneumonia after M pneumoniae carriage. Further studies are required to evaluate the impact of this phenomenon. This will then guide strategies to limit the associated morbidity, such as testing for macrolide resistance, treatment of M pneumoniae pneumonia in high-risk children with bactericidal antibiotics (such as fluoroquinolones), and possibly eradication protocols of M pneumoniae carriage to prevent subsequent life-threatening infections.
Panorama da Qualidade de Vida Profissional entre Trabalhadores que Prestam Cuidados Paliativos no Brasil
Authors: Arena Fernanda , Oliver Amparo , Galiana Laura
Published: September 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo oferecer um primeiro diagnóstico sobre os níveis de qualidade de vida dos trabalhadores brasileiros que prestam cuidados paliativos. Foram aplicadas escalas de medidas de qualidade de vida profissional, enfrentamento ante a morte, autocuidado profissional e autoconsciência em 161 profissionais. As análises de dados incluíram estatísticas descritivas, comparação dos níveis em função de sexo, idade e outras características sociodemográficas, e estudo da relação entre as variáveis mencionadas. Foram encontrados níveis adequados tanto nas variáveis de proteção da qualidade de vida profissional como na qualidade de vida em si. As comparações em função de dados sociodemográficos mostraram relações estatisticamente significativas entre os níveis de autoconsciência e o sexo (maiores os níveis para os homens); e entre a idade e os anos de experiência como profissional da saúde ou de cuidados paliativos (maiores níveis quando há uma maior experiência como profissional).
Mithra Saecvlaris
Authors: Turcan Robert
Published: September 2019

Even though the Mithraic epiclesis SAECULARIS has been explained with a link to the Ludi SAECULARES of 248, we prefer to elucidate it with the relief that we can observe between the two altars consecrated to MYTRAE SAECULARI, in Housesteads, in the civil parish of Bardon Mill in Northumberland, England, south of Broomlee.

Close to Hadrian's vallum, we can actually see a representation of Mithras, identified with Phanes, emerging from the cosmogonic egg with a zodiacal belt around him, lighting up the world. Concerning Jupiter (IOVI SEQULARI), moreover, on an Antoninianus of Claudius II “the Gothic”, this epiclesis expresses his responsibility for the kosmos in its cyclic eternity. Like Jupiter, Mithras is a sovereign of the universe.