bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Search Efficiency in the Biodiversity Heritage Library Corpus
Authors: Sheffield Carolyn A.
Published: July 2018

Biodiversity literature and archival collections are not only indispensable in taxonomic research, they provide crucial information for understanding of museums’ natural history collections. Literature and archives document collecting events resulting in specimen collections, contain original descriptions based on those specimens, and provide a wealth of other contextual information for the study of life on earth. The Biodiversity Heritage Library is committed to improving research efficiency by providing open access to a growing body of biodiversity literature and archives. While descriptive metadata is widely available for both specimen collections (i.e., DarwinCore) and literature (i.e., MARCXML), connections between the two collection types cannot generally be found at these descriptive levels thus hindering efficient discovery of relevant materials. The integration of name finding services, powered by Global Names Architecture, provides a significant value-add through page-level access to mentions of a given taxon name. Yet how might one search based on a museum code, a common name, or a place name? This presentation will share how BHL’s top technical priorities for 2018 will help facilitate more efficient searching and discovery of information in the pages of the BHL corpus. Specifically, updates on BHL’s top two priorities – implementation of full text search and incorporation of available crowdsourced transcriptions—will be covered.
Promouvoir la santé de l’enfant en soutenant les compétences parentales : l’action de Santé publique France
Authors: Gorza Maud , Houzelle Nathalie , Sempé Sandie , Lasbeur Linda , Hamsany Marie , Du Roscoät Enguerrand , Cardoso Thierry
Published: July 2018

Dès sa création en mai 2016, Santé publique France a marqué un engagement significatif pour la promotion de la santé dans le champ de la périnatalité, de la petite enfance et de l’enfance. Notre approche se fonde sur l’état des connaissances sur les besoins fondamentaux des enfants qui met en exergue le méta-besoin d’établir des relations affectives stables avec un adulte qui lui portera attention. L’unité soutient actuellement deux expérimentations d’interventions pour accompagner la parentalité, en s’appuyant en particulier sur le développement des compétences psychosociales : panjo (Promotion de la santé et de l’Attachement des Nouveau-nés et de leurs Jeunes parents : un Outil de renforcement des services de pmi ) et psfp (Programme de Soutien aux Familles et à la Parentalité). En complément, l’agence s’engage également dans une démarche de valorisation et de capitalisation de ces interventions jugées prometteuses ou probantes. Il est en effet indispensable de faire dialoguer ces deux courants, notamment en interrogeant nos pratiques évaluatives, qu’il ne faudrait pas percevoir en opposition mais en synergie.
L’éprouvé de contenance dans un travail de supervision auprès de puéricultrices de pmi dans le cadre du dispositif panjo
Authors: Lagarde Corine
Published: July 2018

L’auteur, psychologue clinicienne, partage son expérience de supervision auprès de puéricultrices de pmi dans le cadre de la recherche-action panjo qui vise à soutenir les processus d’attachement entre parents et enfants dans le pré et le post-partum et le travail de réseau dans le champ de la petite enfance. Une vignette clinique vient illustrer le travail de transformation des éprouvés des professionnels au sein de l’espace de supervision par emboîtement des enveloppes psychiques des différents espaces de contenance : individuel, familial, groupal et institutionnel.
« Les foyers de l’enfance et les moyens d’aide narrative » ou « un cheval à la mer, et quels fils pour le sauver ? »
Authors: Pavlovici Bogdan , Kokh Lucien
Published: July 2018

Nous allons présenter l’histoire clinique d’un enfant vivant dans une maison d’enfants à caractère social, présentant un comportement caractériel qui entraînait son exclusion en chaîne de plusieurs institutions. Nous avons utilisé une nouvelle technique consistant à lui envoyer des messages écrits en langage métaphorique, auxquels il a accepté de répondre. Cette technique l’aida à s’améliorer et à échapper à la stigmatisation d’« agresseur incurable » que le miroir social lui reflétait. Pour avoir ensuite expérimenté cette technique sur d’autres cas, nous conclurons que de tels enfants, ayant un style d’attachement désorganisé et qui sont souvent inaccessibles aux psychothérapies classiques, peuvent répondre positivement à notre approche.
Alternation of Mitochondrial and Golgi Apparatus in Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Sharma Sonia , Kaur Paramjeet , Gupta Shallina , Sharma Sushant
Published: July 2018

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are characterized by dysfunction and loss of neurons associated with altered proteins that accumulate in the human brain and peripheral organs. Mitochondrial and Golgi apparatus (GA) dysfunctions are supposed to be responsible for various NDs. Damaged mitochondria do not produce sufficient adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and pro-apoptotic factors. Mitochondrial dysfunctions may be caused by various factors such as environmental causes, mutations in both nuclear or mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), that code many mitochondrial components. Three factors that are mainly responsible for the morphological changes in GA are certain pathological conditions, drugs, and over expression of Golgi associated proteins. In this chapter, common aspects of mitochondrial and GA dysfunction concerned about NDs are summarized and described for Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington's disease (HD).
Stroke
Authors: Camargo Carlos Henrique Ferreira , Canever Mariana M. , Scavasine Valeria Cristina , Lange Marcos Christiano
Published: July 2018

The brain relies on a specialized endothelial system, the blood brain barrier (BBB), which is capable of regulating the transfer of substances from the blood to the neurons. Stroke is the most frequent cause of disability in adulthood. Lesions of vascular origin also include asymptomatic small infarcts, microbleeds, dilated perivascular spaces, and atrophy. Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) is the second most prevalent cause of dementia. Several mechanisms are implied, including strategic infarct dementia, post-stroke dementia, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, and subcortical vascular dementia. As there is no disease modifying therapies currently available, treatment of comorbidities and adequate control of the vascular risk factors remain the standard strategies to reduce the vascular contributions to neurodegeneration. This chapter represents the basic concepts of pathophysiology of cerebrovascular diseases, and describes the subtypes of VCI, as well as treatment and primary prevention strategies.
Amyloid Beta
Authors: Anand Abhinav , Sharma Neha , Gulati Monica , Khurana Navneet
Published: July 2018

Alzheimer's disease (AD), exhibiting accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide as a foremost protagonist, is one of the top five causes of deaths. It is a neurodegenerative disorder (ND) that causes a progressive decline in memory and cognitive abilities. It is characterized by deposition of Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the neurons, which in turn causes a decline in the brain acetylcholine levels. Aβ hypothesis is the most accepted hypothesis pertaining to the pathogenesis of AD. Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) is constitutively present in brain and it is cleaved by three proteolytic enzymes (i.e., alpha, beta, and gamma secretases). Beta and gamma secretases cleave APP to form Aβ. Ubiquitin Proteasome System (UPS) is involved in the clearing of Aβ plaques. AD also involves impairment in UPS. The novel disease-modifying approaches involve inhibition of beta and gamma secretases. A number of clinical trials are going on worldwide with moieties targeting beta and gamma secretases. This chapter deals with an overview of APP and its enzymatic cleavage leading to AD.
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Osafo Newman , Obiri David Darko , Yeboah Oduro Kofi , Minkah Prince Amankwah Baffour
Published: July 2018

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder (ND) that primarily comprises the neurons responsible for controlling voluntary muscle movement. The unique neuropathologic findings include anterior horn cell degeneration producing muscle atrophy or amyotrophy, degeneration, and sclerosis of the corticospinal tracts. It is a common neuromuscular disease worldwide and has been identified in people of all races. There seems to be neither identified risk factors nor family history associated with most of the documented ALS cases. There exists no treatment for ALS that can prevent neither its progression nor reverse its development. However, there are treatments available that can help control symptoms, prevent unnecessary complications, and make living with the disease easier. This chapter extensively discusses this neurodegenerative disorder based on the currently available knowledge on the condition.
Childhood Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Nair Lal Devayanivasudevan
Published: July 2018

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are a group of disorders with the deterioration of attained skills often with no solutions, usually ending with death or crippling disabilities. This chapter contains a classification for childhood NDs as well as an algorithmic approach for easy management of these disorders. Genetic defects and pathophysiology of disorders like Canavan, Krabbe, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), etc. are written in detail. Suggestions regarding management of some of these conditions are described as a lifecycle approach, from birth to death, to enable those who are taking care of such kids. Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), gene therapy, combination therapy, and other experimental therapies have enlarged the scope of diagnosis and treatment options for these disorders. The author aims to brush up the existing and latest possibilities in NDs, including those at the experimental stage, for an easy understanding and for further research, especially as treatment options.
Wastewater Treatment in Removal of Heavy Metals
Authors: Yaseen Tehseen , Yaseen Anum
Published: July 2018

Nanotechnology is the area of nano science that shows great potential to establish a new process for wastewater treatment. It has been applied on a nanometer scale level. Currently, limited water resources and real treatment of wastewater is a chief requirement for the growing economy. It is in great demand to introduce the progressive wastewater treatment technologies. Therefore, the modern innovative processes in nanomaterial sciences have been appealing the target of scientists. The chapter addresses the developments in nanotechnology with respect to wastewater treatment, especially the removal of heavy metals and to the environmental applications. It will discuss the application of different classes of nanomaterials for wastewater treatment in removal of heavy metals and its possible effects to the environment. Therefore, the scope is to offer an overview of how nanomaterials are causing concerns related to heavy metal removal for water and in the surrounding environment.
Nanoparticles for Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Aslam Sana , Ahmad Matloob
Published: July 2018

Water pollution is becoming a serious threat to the environment. The access to safe drinking water, especially for the poor, is reaching an alarmingly low level, and the number of people suffering from kidney, stomach, and liver diseases, etc. is increasing every day. Among various pollutants, organic pollutants have major contribution in the contamination of water. These pollutants include toxic dyes, pharmaceutical compounds, industrial chemicals, and organic solvents, etc. Various routes are being employed for the removal/degradation of these pollutants. The use of nanoparticles (i.e., metal nanoparticles, nanocomposites, carbon nanotubes, and graphene oxide-based nanocomposite materials) possesses significant position as photocatalysts. This chapter has a focus on the environment remediation using these nanomaterials and contains the recent work in this field.
Toxicocinetic and Mechanisms of Action of Nanoparticles
Authors: Khelfi Abderrezak
Published: July 2018

Human exposure to nanoparticles has been dramatically increased in the past 25 years as a result of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Many have recognized the importance of identifying potential effects on human health associated with the manufacture and use of these important technology. Many questions remain unanswered regarding the short- and long-term effect, systemic toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Engineered nanoparticles can be taken up by the human body via inhalation, ingestion, dermal uptake, and injection. They can reach the bloodstream and ultimately affect multiple body organs such as liver and spleen or even transcend the blood-brain barrier. Because of the huge diversity of materials used and the wide range in size of nanoparticles, these effects will vary a lot. Local and systemic adverse effects consist of primarily inflammatory reactions. Other observed effects include generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress, disruption of proteins, DNA, mitochondria and membrane structures, as well as changes in cell signaling pathways.
Water Quality Legislation and Regulation
Authors: Hassan Siti Hafizan , Halim Azhar Abdul
Published: July 2018

The legal and institutional framework, as well as the challenges and issues in water resources management, serves as the basis for the formulation of a policy framework that seeks to improve water resources management practices in the future. Recently, water resources has become a global concern, especially for urban environments such as Malaysia, whose economy could potentially be adversely affected. To address these issues, the authors have reviewed several laws, including the Environmental Quality (Prescribed Premises) (Crude Palm Oil) Regulations 1977, Environmental Quality (Prescribed Premises) (Raw Natural Rubber) Regulations 1978, and Environment Quality (Sewage and Industrial Effluent) Regulation 1979. Legal issues under the constitutional framework water management have also been reviewed. Exploring this topic generates an overview water management implementation in the context of Malaysia.
International Meeting Management
Authors: Asencio Diego
Published: July 2018

Meetings are considered by many people to be a waste of time. However, many experts suggest that this is because they are not planned or organized effectively, and that, in fact, meetings can be an essential tool for the dissemination of objectives, values, culture, and other important information throughout the organization. The key is to be able to manage meetings so that they generate the maximum possible benefit. Therefore, the present chapter is presented, with the main purpose of understanding how a meeting should be managed. With this in mind, it is essential to understand the most and least common types of meeting, the roles that each participant can adopt and, among other aspects, the appropriate structure of a meeting. But, above all, this chapter offers some essential advice for meetings which take place at the international level.
The International Manager
Authors: Jareño Ángel , Gibaja Juan José , Arizkuren Amaia
Published: July 2018

Nowadays, it is practically impossible to read a business article that does not mention the importance of creativity and innovation for the development and survival of different organizations. One way companies can respond to the uncertainty created by the domestic and global economic situation, rapid growth of the information technologies, and ever more informed and demanding customers is through innovation. It is also important to understand that innovation is not the exclusive property of R&D departments or industrial companies. All innovation starts with an idea and, given that ideas come from people, encouraging innovative work behavior (IWB) has become a priority as a way to achieve business competitiveness.
Networking
Authors: De la Calle-Durán Mª del Carmen
Published: July 2018

Within an ever-changing and dynamic setting, managers need to develop new skills to enable them to swiftly respond to changes in the environment. One of the skills required of twenty-first century managers and entrepreneurs is the ability to create and maintain contact networks. Nevertheless, networking is not achieved simply by knowing its key techniques. It requires time, effort, and a great deal of practice. Accordingly, following an analysis of the concept of networking and its different types, this chapter addresses the key aspects for creating and upholding them: the principles of networking, its main obstacles, and the techniques used to facilitate it, such as social networks, visibility and exposure events, and mentoring. A further contribution involves the planning of networking to ensure its specific goals are met. Good network planning will ensure the more efficient achievement of networking skills, experiences, and resources.
Fulani Herdsmen and Farmers Conflicts in Nigeria
Authors: Dewan Andrew Danjuma
Published: July 2018

This chapter explores the media coverage of violent conflicts and climate change issues in Nigeria from the perspective of human rights journalism. Nigeria has had a chequered history of violent conflicts, especially since it achieved self-rule from Britain in 1960. These conflicts have been wide-ranging and cross-cutting (political, ethnic, religious, communal, among others). The Nigerian media have equally had a long history of the coverage of these violent eruptions across the country. However, the mainstream media's approach to the coverage of these issues have tended to be on the physical coverage of the conflicts to, almost, neglect of some of the underlying causative factors, such as climate change. The phenomenon of climate change globally is significant, especially in developing countries, such as Nigeria. In recent times, the threats that are posed by climate change have been enormous. Some communities across the country have been sacked by its devastations, especially from the norther corridors of the country. This has therefore necessitated the forced migration of some of these communities, especially the Fulani herdsmen and their cattle to other parts of the country for greener pasture. This situation always resulted in conflict, which is often violent. This chapter argues that, although the federal government of Nigeria through its Ministry of Environment have come out with programs and policies/initiatives aimed at combating the menace of this phenomenon, and the media, apart from the fact that they have not fully keyed into these programs to step them down for the audience, there is the urgent need for them to review their approaches toward the coverage of these conflicts. This chapter advocates a human-rights-journalism-based approach to the coverage of these conflicts because of its diagnostic approach, which gives a critical reflection of the experiences of the victims of human rights violations in all its ramifications.
The Business Transformation and Enterprise Architecture Framework Applied to Analyze the Historically Recent Rise and the 1975 Fall of the Lebanese Business Ecosystem
Authors: Trad Antoine
Published: July 2018

Petro Trad's Lebanese republic was a transitory dominion entity that resulted from and was shaped by the friendly and allied France. The Lebanese-specific cosmopolitan entity was intended to become a Monaco-like structure with a unique, ethnically diverse financial system, with the Lebanese constitution developed to privilege a predominant ultraliberal banking and finance. The idea of a strong financial Franco-Lebanese entity melted down in front of a ruthless ethno-religious antagonistic conflict between Maronite Christians and the Muslim narrow majority that was also fueled by regional and global superpowers. Another very important factor that accelerated the meltdown was the attachment of remote rural and desert regions to the historical Lebanon, or Petro Trad's small Lebanon. The chapter explores the business transformation and enterprise architecture framework to analyze this change.
Movie Making in Conflict Zones of Nigeria
Authors: Ossai Edward
Published: July 2018

Filmmaking in Nigeria has no doubt attracted so much attention worldwide and the industry has become a major employer of labor and a source of national revenue. It has also given birth to regional language and ethnic film industries, including Kannywood and Yoruwood. These industries have become a voice for the voiceless, a medium to express cultures, values, and socio-political issues. However, the process of movie making in Nigerian conflict areas has been marred by seemingly sustained ethno-religious conflicts and attacks by insurgents in major film release points like Jos, Lagos, Kano, Kaduna, Aba, Onitsha, and Abuja. This discourse is informed by the need to interrogate how conflicts are detrimental to collective development of the Nigerian state and the film industry in particular. The Jos experience has generated concerns in the industry, hence the need to highlight reason(s) for the drop in film production on the plateau.
An Investigation of the Adoption of Online Game Technologies in Indonesia
Authors: Harnadi Bernardinus
Published: July 2018

This study examines influences on an individual's intentions to use online game technologies. Data was collected by the questionnaire from a sample of 895 individuals of age 12 – 26 years in Indonesia. A theoretical model extending the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology included causal effects on intentions as well as moderating effects due to the individual's gender, age, and experience. The model was analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques and the results confirmed several findings from previous studies respected especially with the positive effects of enjoyment, ease of use, and the availability of infrastructure on the individual's intentions. New findings showed that gender, age, and experience moderated the effects on the individual's intention due to social influences, feelings of involvement, and perceptions of personal attainments, respectively. Moreover, new findings emerged for differences and similarities in the significant effects in the theoretical model among the groups defined within the scales of gender, age, and experience.
The Determinants of Female Labor Force Participation
Authors: Demirhan Banu , Demirhan Erdal
Published: July 2018

The female labor participation is recently considered as one of the factors leading to economic development in developing countries by amplifying total labor force as qualitative and quantitative. In this study, the authors investigate the factors affecting female labor participation in developing countries, applying panel data model for 83 developing countries over the period of 1990-2014. Empirical results indicate that u-shaped and incompatibility hypotheses are valid in the developing countries. Additionally, improving education levels and increasing male participation in labor markets lead women to more participate in labor markets. These results show the importance of enhancing education level and therefore the policies towards providing it.
Diversity in the Workplace
Authors: Hieker Carola , Rushby Maia
Published: July 2018

The ‘diversity in the workforce' chapter looks at the current status of gender diversity in the workplace and describes initiatives that are commonly designed and implemented by organizations for their female workforce and their senior leaders in pursuit of gender parity. It is emphasized that one or two interventions in isolation will not guarantee gender parity but that a combination of interventions is necessary, depending on the size and complexity of the organization. Furthermore, it is underlined that if these interventions are perceived as attractive by senior leaders then the senior leaders should be encouraged to invest time and resources in pursuing them. It will raise their commitment to become diversity champions, which is key for sustainable change. Examples from finance and professional service firms illustrate how some of the described interventions are used to enhance diversity.
Education Inequalities and Human Capital Formation in MENA Region
Authors: Akay Ebru Caglayan
Published: July 2018

This chapter examines education system and education development in MENA region and compare to other selected region in the frame of human capital. It also focus on issue of education quality and inequality. In here, human capital is identified and measured by using education-based factors such as drop-out rates, repetition rates, literacy rates and international test scores, enrollment rates. The results of analysis show that the student participation is common with high enrollment rates and most governments in the region have announced large expenditures on education. Despite impressive gains in the participation of student in the different academic level and intensive public expenditures on education in the region, MENA region suffer from many problems regarding education such as, poor efficiency, low quality, illiteracy and gender inequality, low labor force participation of female. As a results, MENA governments should improve education systems to focus on not only on increasing enrollments, but also on improving the quality of education.
Gender and Other Factors That Influence Tourism Preferences
Authors: Dale Naomi F.
Published: July 2018

The consumption process of travel decision making, is influenced by a number of factors and a substantial body of decision making literature in the form of the broader ‘models of consumer behaviour' has been adapted to attempt to describe this process. Existing ‘foundation models' present variables such as personal characteristics and attitudes as factors that affect the vacation decision making process, but fail to discuss the extent to which gender and technology preferences influence decisions and destination choice. Economic models are based on utility theory as a decision making framework, however, they do not allow for the other consumer oriented variables. Current models (economic or otherwise) focus on individuals and their decision making process without a combined consideration of information search and technology gendered preferences and the impact they have on choosing a destination for a vacation.
Leadership Opportunities for Managing Diversity
Authors: Carr-Ruffino Norma
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this chapter is to examine some key trends in the workplace and marketplace that require successful corporate leaders to manage workforce diversity. Such diversity poses certain challenges, which leaders can tackle and turn into lucrative opportunities to enhance not only productivity, sales, revenues, profits, brand, and reputation, but also the innovation so necessary for corporate survival. At the national level, the ability to compete in a global marketplace depends on successful innovation and has been a key driver of American eminence in the world. At the global level, innovation can empower people to move beyond fear of the future to actually shape their future; for example, we are currently seeing how technological innovations, such as the Internet, crowdsourcing, and crowdfunding are enabling people from all over the world, even those with very limited resources, to become entrepreneurs. The ability to understand and connect with people from diverse cultures also generates major opportunities to create peaceful relations as well as material abundance.
The Role of Media in Perpetuating or Obstructing Gender Equality in the Context of Developing World
Authors: Das Prabartana
Published: July 2018

Media engineers subtle ways in which gender bias can persist in society and ensures the perpetuation of women subjugation in the society. In this chapter I want to excavate the various factors which contributes to the augmentation of gender biases by the media and how the media in developing countries strengthens the cause patriarchy masquerading in the façade of preserving traditions and customs? I also intend to unravel how perennial problems like illiteracy and abject poverty further dents the project of women empowerment and how deeply entrenched patriarchal values manipulate the media to withhold emancipation in true sense. How women even after being qualified suffers from several negative effects undermining her own status? It will also be interesting to delve into the ways in which gendered media is far more subversive and ubiquitous in the developing world than developed world. And lastly how the gender bias in media can be curbed in the light of social and political awakening in women in particular and the development of human ingenuity and consciousness in general.
Factors Affecting Women Leadership to Reach Top Management and Its Impact on the Economy
Authors: Al-Alawi Adel Ismail , El Naggar Nehal Fareed
Published: July 2018

In today's dynamic organizations, as women climb up the corporate ladder, they don't seem to sustain and even might become extinct on the way upwards. In developing countries, especially in the Arab world, females have been regarded as the inferior of the species in a strictly male-dominated culture where they have been denied access to roles and positions open only to men, as male supremacy is the norm. This is a descriptive study based on mixed methods aiming to understand the role of women in the banking sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain. In-depth interviews were conducted with 5 female decision makers in the Bahraini banking sector to take their perspective on the topic with a total of 450 online questionnaires that were distributed to 26 banking institutions representing both conventional and Islamic retail banks with a response rate of 200 respondents with a valid response of 147 representing 33% response rate. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential analyses; techniques such as tabulation, percentages, and charts have been employed.
Vocational Education and Training for Muslim Minorities
Authors: Dutta Indrajeet
Published: July 2018

Last year Prime Minister of India launched a nationwide programme called “Make in India” to encourage multinational and domestic companies to manufacture their products in India. The main objectives are not only to bring in foreign direct investment but also provide millions of youth to gainfully employed using the skill development programme. To realize the dream India needs skilled work force of almost 110 million by 2022.The challenges are many. Recent NSSO survey among the religious groups find Muslims are mostly employed in the vocational sectors without any formal training and position of Muslim women is worst among them. Open and distance learning system opens up the opportunities for the minorities. Open schools and universities offer courses in the traditional vocational course which would help them to refine their skills and also enhance and augment the capacities of the Muslim learners. Certification of training also helps them to be employed in private and government sectors. In this paper, opportunities thrown open by the ODL will be discussed.
Women-Friendly Working Environment in Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Tania
Published: July 2018

Work is typically divided along gender lines with men being responsible for paid work and women for unpaid care work. There is a negative correlation between income and level of gender inequalities in unpaid care work. Income can give certain level of independence but reinforces new kinds of dependence and subordination of women in our society in Bangladesh. If women wish to begin their paid work, it means ideologically they want extra jobs and they have to willingly undertake this double burden of household and professional work. The study claims that there is a need of gender responsive rebalancing policies to ensure women friendly working environment to ensure actual empowerment of women in Bangladesh.
Are Women in the MENA Region Really That Different From Women in Europe?
Authors: Fischer Justina A. V. , Aydiner-Avsar Nursel
Published: July 2018

This chapter compares women in the MENA region with women in Europe as to how globalization affects their conservatism, and, thereby, their labor market participation. Conservative values are defined as both religious values and socio-political attitudes. Using micro data from the World Values Survey 1981-2014 from 80 countries, we employ various indicators of globalization that reflect, first, international trade and, second, global flows of information. In pre-1994 Western Europe, economic globalization appears to weaken those conservative secular values that pertain to female employment, while all remaining secular-conservative values erode after 1994. The MENA region of today resembles pre-cold war Western Europe, with post-cold-war Western Europe possibly predicting changes to come in the MENA region. In the MENA region, women respond to intensifying economic globalization with deeper religiosity, possibly as form of self-protection. Global exchange of information, however, weakens all kinds of conservative values in general in either region.
Arab Gulf Women and the Labyrinth of Leadership
Authors: Abalkhail Jouharah Mohammad
Published: July 2018

This chapter examines the challenges facing women's careers in the Arab Gulf Corporation Council (GCC) countries. It suggests strategies to increase the number of females in leadership positions. A systematic literature review establishes current findings, as well as future needs in the understanding of factors impacting women's career progression in leadership positions. This chapter contributes knowledge on issues of women's career advancement in the Arab GCC countries. It is relevant to decision makers and Human Resource Development (HRD) practitioners as they utilize women's talents and promote equal opportunity in the workplace.
Women's Economic Empowerment in the Developing Countries
Authors: Zakuan Ummu Atiyah Ahmad , Hassan Kalthum
Published: July 2018

It is an established fact that women's empowerment is primary to the socio-economic and political development of a nation. It will be meaningless, if women that constitute half of the population of the globe do not have access to education, healthcare, employment and political decision making bodies. A nation benefits fully when both men and women contribute rigorously in social cohesion, economic growth, peace and prosperity. Findings from countries and reputable institutions such as World Bank and the United Nations revealed that greater gender equality correlates positively with national economic growth. The World Economic Forum recently reported that across the 135 countries examined, greater gender equality correlates positively with per capita gross national product. Countries with greater equality between women and men have economies that are more competitive and fast growing. Hence, removing barriers on empowering women stimulates economic development. This chapter commences with the meaning of women empowerment followed by the identification of various barriers on women empowerment, and investigation on women economic empowerment in the developing countries. The patriarchal system is also introduced to explain how it influences women empowerment. Finally, this chapter argues that women empowerment in general can only be achieved if the patriarchal system is transformed or reengineered to foster more equality between both groups.
STEM Fields and Ethnic Women in New Zealand
Authors: Mpofu Charles
Published: July 2018

A critical race theory was used to analyse policies and strategies in place to enable the participation of New Zealand ethnic women of Latin-American, Middle Eastern, and African (MELAA) origin in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics fields (STEM) in education and industry. The aim was to find out what policy – and other – levers are available for better participation in the STEM fields by the ethnic women's population. The process involved an analysis of publicly available official documents on STEM strategies at national and regional levels. The main findings were that gender issues are expressed in a generic way, either across all ethnic groups, or across the four ethnic groups where the MELAA stands not clearly identifiable in the classifications. Recommendations include the need to develop policies and strategies that account for race and gender equity as part of an agenda to eliminate marginalization of this group.
The Predictive Role of Gender and Race on Student Retention
Authors: Savas Gokhan
Published: July 2018

Student retention is an important issue in American higher education, and has major impacts on students' access to employment and earning potential. Furthermore, it significantly influences the finances of colleges and universities. This chapter looks at the predictive role of gender and race on students' college retention, and analyzes the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS, 2002) that follows a nationally representative cohort of students from 2002, when they were high school sophomores, through their postsecondary education. The analytic sample of this research includes high school graduates who remained in the study from 2002-2012, and reported “any known degree attained as of June 2013.” Findings indicate that male students are more likely to drop out of college compared to female students, and this gender effect does not change even after controlling for several other variables. Similar to gender, race is also found to be a significant predictor of student retention.
More Than Body Parts
Authors: Chiweshe Manase Kudzai
Published: July 2018

This paper questions the reduction of human experience and identity to anatomical determinism in which the category of ‘woman' or ‘man' becomes a universal concept. Through a review of literature on African gender, feminist and masculinity studies, it highlights how people are more than their body parts. It notes how identities are shaped by an intersectionality of various factors such as education, employment status, class, age, physical condition, nationality, citizenship, race and ethnicity. These factors can be spatial and temporal producing differing experiences of gendered lives. African scholars have built up a rich collection of work that repudiates the univerlisation of gender identities based on Western philosophical schools of thought. This work explores in detail current and historical debates in African gender studies.
Women Entrepreneurs in Nigeria
Authors: Kayode-Adedeji Tolulope , Ige Oyinkansola , Ekanem Thelma
Published: July 2018

For ages, the African culture has limited the activities of women and conditioned, to a large extent, the mentality of most African countries about the place and positioning of women in the society. The mass media have been used as a tool in this. Promoting the abilities and achievements of women in the society is one of the important roles of the media in reducing the rate of gender discrimination. These achievements are becoming noticeable in politics and entrepreneurship; thus, setting a standard for other women in the society to build on. This chapter will explore the role of the media in promoting the woman entrepreneur in Nigeria. The study employed the survey research method for data gathering. Findings showed that women have equal opportunity to grow their businesses. Data shows that this growth is slow as there are no significant differences between respondents who agree or disagree with the availability of enabling environment for women to grow their business as compared to their male counterpart. The study recommends that the mass media need to give more voice to their businesses and activities to pave way and encourage the younger women in the society.
Women's Participation and Equal Opportunities for Leadership in Tanzania
Authors: Msoka Elizabeth Michael , Muya Dominick
Published: July 2018

The goal of ensuring women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership in political, economic, and public life is still a major challenge in Tanzania. This chapter addresses three questions: What accounts for low participation of women in leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic, and public life? What measures have been undertaken to address gender gap in leadership? And, what are the best ways to ensure women's full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership? Findings suggest several determinants of gender gap in leadership including low level of education among women, patriarchal political norms and values reinforced with high levels of poverty, as well as the dual burden of triple roles, which women carry. Moreover, women are perceived to be lacking public speaking skills and competitiveness. All those factors make women less likely than men to aspire for leadership careers in political, economic, and public life.
Addressing Cultural and Gender Project Bias
Authors: Loy Jennifer , Cooper Rae
Published: July 2018

Engaged student learning is based on creating significant learning experiences for every student. Attracting a more diverse student body into Engineering requires a re-evaluation of the conventional project topics that dominate the discipline. Recognising and addressing cultural and gender bias in the development of project work allows for the education of Engineering faculty on the development of a range of project work opportunities that support the learning for a more diverse cohort. The selection of set project work has the potential to negatively impact the learning experience of minority students. This chapter considers the elements influencing set project work and provides strategies for understanding cultural and gender bias, and for redesigning project work that provides for a more diverse cohort.
The Relation of Gender, Behavior, and Intimacy Development on Level of Facebook Addiction in Emerging Adults
Authors: Kimpton Melanie , Campbell Marilyn Anne , Weigin Eliza Leong , Orel Alexandria , Wozencroft Kelly , Whiteford Chrystal
Published: July 2018

Social networking sites are changing the way in which young people develop and maintain friendships and relationships. This study investigated the relationship between level of Facebook addiction, Facebook behaviors, gender, and intimacy development in emerging adults. Participants were 273 university students aged 18 to 25. They completed an online questionnaire that measured their level of Facebook addiction, what they do on Facebook, and their ability to form intimate relationships. A gender difference was found with long distance, passive, active photo, and organizing behaviors relating to high levels of Facebook addiction in females, whereas gaming was related to high levels of Facebook addiction in males. Intimacy development was related to high Facebook use and long distance, active photo, and organizing behaviors, but not to the level of Facebook addiction. Implications regarding the identification of at-risk for addiction emerging adults are discussed.
The Impact of Institutional Factors on Female and Male Owned Firm Financing
Authors: Locke Stuart Murrin , Hewa-Wellalage Nirosha
Published: July 2018

The study compares the impact of the commercial environment on external financing of female- owned micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) compared to those that are male owned in seven South Asian countries. The region exhibits weak institutional and regulatory regimes which result in expropriation of profits from MSMEs. It is likely that such commercial environments add to the risk of lending to MSMEs and this may further manifest a gender bias toward males. This study uses a unique dataset of over 5000 firms from World Bank Enterprise Surveys and combines this with additional information drawn from World Bank macro-economic data. Interval and logit regressions are used. Contrary other studies, this research indicates that once females have access to formal financing they use a higher proportion of formal financing in their firm capital structure than their male-counterparts. A gap in accessing external finance for female-owned MSMEs presents both a waste of human resource and a lost potential to lift standards of living, presenting an opportunity for reform.
Reframing Diversity in Management
Authors: De León Ashanti , Ozuem Wilson , Okoya Jummy
Published: July 2018

The development of new corporate governance codes calls for boardroom and top management diversity. Nonetheless, a lack of diversity in organisations is a worldwide situation that may vary from one country to another. This suggests that rather than relying upon established economies as a guideline, a more rounded understanding may emerge from studies that also explore a wider range of countries. This chapter examines the varieties of top management diversities, particularly the barriers and challenges women faces in management positions. It considers the grounds for an integrated approach to under-representation of women in upper rank positions, and explicates concerted efforts to improve board room diversity.
Developing High Quality Public Health Services Across the Union That Are Equally Accessible to All
Authors: Lorena Androutsou , Foulvia Androutsou
Published: July 2018

Health systems are facing greater demands and challenges. Access to all with high-quality standards has been a key challenge for the European health systems, however, they are engaged to take care of the rights of those in need. This article aims to identify public health areas and values. It offers many opportunities to help policy and decision makers to write “policy briefs” and to clearly outline the rationale for action. It will pursuit to enhance local capacities and skills to plan, implement, evaluate and sustain system improvements. There is a need both at Member State and European levels to support the public health services to shape the future of health and healthcare.
Definition of a Pervasive Architecture for a Central Monitoring of Homecare Systems
Authors: Librelotto Giovani Rubert , Freitas Leandro Oliveira , Bastiani Ederson , Ribeiro Cicero , Vizzotto Samuel
Published: July 2018

Every year the queues in hospitals publics and privates grows due to, among others, the increasing of the world population and the delay in the patients service. This is a serious problem faced by administrators of hospitals, which believe that it is increasingly difficult to offer a service of quality to those who search for them. One of the ways to decrease these queues is through the development of homecare systems that allow the patient to receive the clinic treatment directly in his house. The development of these kinds of systems would help to decrease the queues and consequently, would improve the attendance of those who goes to the hospitals looking for assistance. Considering this, this work has as main purpose to present the architecture modeling of a pervasive system to be applied in homecare environments. The pervasive systems developed from this modeling aim to improve the services provided by healthcare professionals in the treatment of patients that are located in their houses. The architecture proposed by the methodology uses concepts of pervasive computing to provide access to information any- time and wherever the user is, once that a homecare environment has a high level of dynamicity. The knowledge representation of the homecare environment needed in the modeling of the architecture is made through ontologies due to the possibility of reuse of the information stored, as well as the interoperability of information among different computational devices. To validate the proposed methodology, we present two use cases, which are also used to demonstrate the workflow of the pervasive system of homecare.