bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Digital Skills that Accountants Should Possess in the Intelligent Era
Authors: Zhao Yaoteng
Published: August 2021

The intelligent era is also known as the fourth industrial revolution. One of the features of the intelligent era is that people use digital technologies such as artificial intelligence, block chain, 5G, cloud computing and mobile animal networking to carry out production, operation and management activities. At present, digital technology is an important factor in promoting social and economic development around the world. Representative digital technology gradually empowers the fields of financial accounting, management accounting, corporate financial management, audit and corporate governance. In this paper, we study and discuss the digital technology that a qualified accountant should possess in the intelligent era, which also provides a directional guidance for the training of intelligent accounting talents in the future.
Equilíbrio de baixo nível: revisão bibliométrica
Authors: Leal Cícero Pereira , Carvalho Rogério Galvão de , Nascimento José Antônio Rodrigues do , Feio Kleydson Jurandir Gonçalves
Published: August 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho foi aferir a evolução dos estudos sobre o equilíbrio de baixo nível (EBN) nos últimos 75 anos (de 1945 a 2020) em revistas especializadas, por meio de identificar autores, os artigos e revistas mais citados durante o referido período. A armadilha de equilíbrio de baixo nível é um conceito em economia desenvolvido por Richard R. Nelson, no qual, em baixos níveis de renda per capita, as pessoas são pobres demais para economizar e investir, e esse baixo nível de investimento, resulta em taxa de crescimento menor na economia e na renda nacional. Quando a renda per capita se eleva acima de um certo nível mínimo, uma proporção crescente da renda será economizada e investida, o que poderá levar a uma maior taxa de crescimento da renda. Do contrário, haverá baixo crescimento da economia e precarização da produção, devido ao desequilíbrio econômico-financeiro, bem como a falta de acesso da sociedade à bens e serviços. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter exploratório, utilizando o enfoque meta-analítico. O referido método combina bases de dados, para dessa forma apresentar um aporte de material válido. O enfoque meta-analítico permite a identificação dos autores, artigos e revistas, assim como, viabiliza a realização da análise das técnicas estatísticas das amostras, linhas mais pesquisadas e principais abordagens feitas nos trabalhos publicados. Ao seguir os sete passos do método meta-analítico foi constatado que nas duas primeiras décadas do século XXI o tema deixou de ser pesquisado, todavia 07 (sete) países se interessam pelo tema, haja vista que ele foi abordado em vários campos de pesquisa como saúde, agricultura, mercado de trabalho, química e outros.
Manejo da síndrome da veia cava superior
Authors: Almeida Mariana Ferreira , Souza Ana Paula Barbosa de , Almeida Bárbara Rezende de , Choairy Terceiro Carim Miguel , Guedes Gabriella Thalya , Borges Italo Ganam , Chern Lucas , Carneiro Luis Eduardo Lima , Netto Maria Eduarda Calil , Arrais Maria Eduarda de Carvalho Sampaio , Alvares Petra Paganucci Villarinho , Oliveira Igor de Sousa , Ribeiro Yana Sarah Fernandes Souza , Vasconcelos Gilberto Loiola de
Published: August 2021

Objetivo: Identificar propostas terapêuticas benéficas e comprovadamente eficazes para o manejo do paciente com Síndrome da Veia Cava Superior (SVCS) mediante análise da literatura vigente. Métodos: Utilizando a base de dados Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde foram selecionados 9 artigos para análise. Resultados: A obstrução da Veia Cava Superior (VCS) está envolvida com variações anatômicas e diversas etiologias. Tendo em vista o caráter multifatorial da doença, os tratamentos empregados são diversificados e, dentre eles, os stents endovasculares são, majoritariamente, a opção de tratamento mais segura para aliviar os sintomas agudos em pacientes com SVCS. Além disso, o uso adjunto de trombólise sistêmica adjunto da colocação de stent via venografia pode manejar obstruções na VCS causadas pela aplicação de marca-passo. Observou-se, ainda, que o reparo endovascular percutâneo da veia cava é seguro e eficaz nos pacientes com SVCS. Conclusão: Dentre as abordagens terapêuticas aventadas, destacam-se a terapia endovascular com o uso de stents, além das terapias comumente utilizadas, a exemplo de radioterapia, uso de esteróides e quimioterapia.
HUBUNGAN KADAR 25-HIDROKSI VITAMIN D SERUM DENGAN DERAJAT KEPARAHAN INFEKSI DENGUE
Authors: Birman Yuliza , . Efrida , Rasyid Rosfita
Published: August 2021

Derajat keparahan infeksi dengue dipengaruhi oleh sistem imun pejamu. Kerja sistem imun dipengaruhi oleh imunomodulator, salah satunya vitamin D. Kadar Vitamin D berbeda pada derajat keparahan infeksi dengue. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar 25-hidroksi vitamin D serum dengan derajat keparahan infeksi dengue. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional terhadap 32 pasien yang didiagnosis infeksi dengue di RSI Siti Rahmah Padang. Sampel dipilih dengan metode consecutive sampling. Kadar 25-hidroksi
vitamin D serum diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Derajat keparahan infeksi dengue terbagi menjadi demam dengue dan demam berdarah dengue, berdasarkan kadar albumin serum yang diukur dengan metode
kolorimetri. Analisis hasil penelitian secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan rerata kadar 25-hidroksi vitamin D serum infeksi dengue 23,09±11,39 ng/mL. Derajat keparahan
infeksi dengue lebih banyak demam dengue (84,4%). Kadar 25-hidroksi vitamin D lebih tinggi pada demam berdarah dengue (30,41±11,82ng/mL). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar 25-hidroksi vitamin D dengan
derajat keparahan infeksi dengue. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara
kadar 25-hidroksi vitamin D serum dengan derajat keparahan infeksi dengue
HUBUNGAN KOMPONEN HEALTH BELIEF MODEL DENGAN UPAYA PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI MENULAR SEKSUAL PADA IBU RUMAH TANGGA MELALUI PENGGUNAAN KONDOM
Authors: Agustina Silvia Ari
Published: August 2021

IMS merupakan penyakit yang banyak ditularkan meelalui hubungan seksual. Penggunaan pengaman atau kondom saat berhubungan seksual efektif untuk mencegah penyakit ini. IMS banyak menjangkiti kelompok berisiko seperti WPS, akan tetapi belakangan terakhir ini Ibu Rumah Tangga yang notabenenya hanya punya satu pasangan bisa terjangkit penyakit IMS ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan komponen Health Belief Model (HBM) dengan perilaku penggunaan kondom pada ibu rumau tangga. Metode
penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah mixed methodology dengan strategi eksplanatoris sekuensial. Penelitian ini dimulai dari pengumpulan data kuantitatif terlebih dahulu, setelah selesai untuk
memperkuat hasil ditambah dengan data kualitatif. Jumlah sampel untuk data kuantiatif sebanyak 101 responden. Sedangkan untuk data kualitatif melibatkan 2 Ibu Rumah Tangga, 2 Suami, petugas Puskesmas yang melayani penapisan Infeksi Menular Seksual dan 1 Lembaga Swadaya Masyarakat. Analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier ganda. Validitas dan reliabilitas data kualitatif menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan metode. Hasil Penelitian terdapat hubungan yang positif dan secara statistik signifikan antara penggunaan
kondom dengan beberapa variabel independen yang diteliti. Secara statistik diperoleh hasil yang signifikan adalah variabel persepsi kerentanan (b:-0,12; CI 95%: -0,23 hingga -0,00; p<0,05), persepsi hambatan kondom
(b:-0,11; CI 95%: -0,22 hingga -0,00; p<0,05), dan efikasi diri (b: 0,19; CI 95%: 0,10 hingga 0,28; p<0,01). Secara bersama-sama seluruh variabel independen di dalam model regresi linier ganda ini mampu menjelaskan
perilaku penggunaan kondom sebesar 32%. Ibu Rumah Tangga sering mengajak suami untuk menggunakan kondom, tetapi suami sering menolak dengan berbagai alasan, misalnya kurang nyaman menggunakan kondom
Ferðavenjur grunnskólabarna á landsbyggðinni: Hefur þjóðvegurinn áhrif?
Authors: Hreinsdóttir Erna Bára , Kristjánsdóttir Sigríður , Sigþórsson Haraldur
Published: August 2021

Over the last decades the car has become an increasingly bigger part of our lives. Sometimes Icelanders say that they use the private car instead of a coat. In modern planning some of the main goals are sustainability and public health. By using other means of travel than the private car, pollution will decrease and the need to rebuild traffic infrastructure is less likely. Active lifestyle also contributes to health. The government as well as many local authorities motivate citizens for a healthier lifestyle, for example by encouraging them to use an active mode of travel, such as walking or cycling. This should result in improved wellbeing and the costs of health care should be reduced. To implement active travel the focus is on children and how they get to school. In Reykjavík the public schools are often situated in the middle of the neighbourhood so children do not need to cross roads with heavy traffic on their way to school. Furthermore, children in Reykjavík usually do not have to travel over 800m for school. A study shows that 84% of school children in Reykjavík walk or cycle to school. But how is the situation in smaller towns in other parts of Iceland? A study was done in six towns in Iceland. Based on residence within 800m from school, it turns out that the ratio in towns in rural areas is significantly lower than in Reykjavík, or 66%. The circumstances in the towns are different from those in Reykjavík because of the highway crossing the residential areas. By law, any authorized vehicles is to be able to be driven through the highway. Therefore there is often heavy traffic on the highways. The rate of active transport for the children who do not need to cross the road on their way to school is 77%, which is pretty close to the percentage in Reykjavík. Active mode of travelling by children that have to cross the road on their way to school is significantly lower; or 40%. The conclusion is that the location of the school and the highway affects the way children travel to school. These results are useful tools for municipalities preparing spatial plans
Bergsprungur og byggingar á höfuðborgarsvæðinu
Authors: Einarsson Páll , Jóhannesson Haukur , Hjartardóttir Ásta Rut
Published: August 2021

Straddling the boundary between two of the major tectonic plates on Earth, Iceland offers unique conditions for engineering structures that require special attention. Urban areas are rapidly expanding into areas where the bedrock is cut by numerous active fractures and faults. The fissure swarm of the Krísuvík volcanic system runs through the outskirts of Reykjavík and other towns of the metropolitan area. Activity of its fractures mostly occurs during magmatic events along the Reykjanes Peninsula oblique rift on a thousand years timescale. Hazard caused by the fractures is mostly twofold: Relative displacement of the walls of the fracture during magmatic intrusion and small relative displacements during the passage of seismic waves from distant earthquakes may damage structures built across them. The risk of structural damage may most likely be reduced considerably by avoiding building structures across the fractures. We suggest a change in building practice in fractures areas to achieve that.
Vendikennsla bætir árangur nemenda á lokaprófi í fyrsta árs verkfræðinámskeiði
Authors: Oddsson Guðmundur V. , Unnþórsson Rúnar
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate what is needed to improve students' understanding of the material taught in a first-year engineering course. Two flipped classroom methods were compared to traditional teaching method – based on lectures. The comparison was based on the students' achievements in the written final exam and student satisfaction with the course based on the annual teaching evaluation. The flipped classroom took place in 2015 and 2016, and the results were compared with a baseline for 10-year traditional teaching set in another study.
Frammistöðumælir tækniteyma
Authors: Unnþórsson Rúnar , Oddsson Guðmundur V.
Published: August 2021

Presented is a methodology developed for teachers to help them to evaluate the performance of a team of students in an engineering project-based course. The methodology is a tool that will help the teacher to identify the components that are preventing the team from advancing to a high-performance level. The methodology is based on a thorough study of the literature on the performance of teams. Methods for measuring the performance of teams and the factors that impact performance were mapped and used as foundation for developing the presented methodology. Using the methodology teachers get a much better understanding of the issues that are preventing the team from advancing. The methodology is a very useful tool for teachers that are supervising a complex team of students and need to be able to identify performance issues in a systematic manner. The methodology has the potential to be useful for evaluating the performance of other types of teams – e.g. in industry.
Analytical and experimental assessment of screw centrifugal pump at improving its design
Authors: Nazarenko H
Published: August 2021

Purpose. Development of analytical and experimental assessment of screw centrifugal type pump at a design stage, which permits defining more precisely its power and cavitation characteristics. Methodology. To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the technique that includes the following possibilities was developed: make the list of changes which increase the efficiency of the existing pump; quickly and with high precision to estimate influence of certain constructive and/or regime changes on efficiency of the existing pump without difficult flow calculations; determine the need to develop a new pump, if all the changes of the existing pump did not give a positive result; determine changes influence on cavitation properties of the existing pump; calculate the efficiency dispersion during hydraulic tests of the modified pump. Findings. During the research, an analytical and experimental technique which permits determining increase in the pump efficiency quickly and with high precision at the change in pump design and/or operating mode was developed. The developed technique determines how all changes in the existing pump influence its anti-cavitation properties. The above mentioned technique also allows calculating the efficiency dispersion during hydraulic tests of the modified pump. The technique determines the need to develop a new pump, if all the changes in the existing pump did not give a positive result. The use of the presented calculation technique, at a design stage, allows estimating the efficiency of the developed pump more precisely. The developed technique allows increasing the efficiency assessment accuracy and cavitation characteristics of low-flow high-speed screw centrifugal pump. Originality. During the research, new empirical dependences were obtained that permit defining more precisely power and cavitation characteristics of low-flow high-speed screw centrifugal pump. Practical value. The presented technique at a design stage allows estimating the developed pump efficiency more precisely. Due to this, it is possible to reduce the time for pump development and its development tests.
Formation of an optimal portfolio of venture projects
Authors: Korkhina I.A , Petrenko V.O , Khomenko V.L , Kulyk V.O
Published: August 2021

Purpose. Development of a method for forming an optimal portfolio of venture projects taking into account risks, uncertainty in initial data and limited financial resources. Methodology. To calculate the accuracy of forecasting prices, which are necessary for calculating the parameters of the stochastic optimization model for the formation of a portfolio of projects, we used the theory of random variables and regression analysis. The problem of choosing the optimal portfolio of venture projects was solved using stochastic mathematical programming. Findings. A model for creating an optimal portfolio of venture projects has been developed. It is a stochastic mathematical programming model that can be used to solve problems of investing in venture projects in the extractive industry. This model takes into account the risks associated with obtaining the expected income from the implementation of each venture project, the uncertainty in the initial data for calculating the income from the projects selected in the portfolio, as well as the limited funds required to finance the project portfolio. Originality. The stochastic optimization model for the formation of an optimal portfolio of projects, taking into account the peculiarities of venture projects, in particular, their high riskiness, has been significantly improved and adapted. Practical value. The proposed model for the formation of an optimal portfolio of venture projects can be used at mining enterprises, whose development strategy involves the implementation of innovative, high-risk projects. The use of this model in strategic planning will allow an enterprise to receive the maximum income from venture projects in the face of a lack of financial resources, as well as instability of the innovation market.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA POP-UP BOOK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DIAGRAM BATANG MATEMATIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Astika Rani , Wardhani Dyah Ayu Pramoda
Published: August 2021

Pembelajaran yang cenderung konvensional dan kurangnya pemanfaatan media pada materi diagram batang matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media belajar pop-up book pada materi diagram batang matematika kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development) dengan model Borg & Gall dengan menggunakan 4 tahapan, yaitu: tahap pengumpulan data, tahap perencanaan, tahap pengembangan produk, serta tahap validasi dan uji coba. Instrumen yang digunakan merupakan lembar validasi kelayakan media, angket motivasi belajar siswa, dan angket respon siswa. Hasil validasi yang diperoleh dari ahli materi 76,47% kualifikasi valid dan tidak revisi, ahli media mencapai 98,46% kualifikasi sangat valid dan tidak revisi. Angket motivasi belajar kelompok kecil mendapatkan persentase 78,5% dengan kategori Tinggi. Kelompok terbatas sebelum penggunaan media memperoleh persentase 46,25% dengan kategori Sedang, setelah penggunaan media memperoleh persentase 78,5% dengan kategori Tinggi. Adapun hasil tanggapan angket respon siswa terhadap media pada kelompok kecil mendapatkan persentase 86% kategori sangat baik, tanggapan angket respon siswa kelompok terbatas mendapatkan persentase 89,5% kategori sangat baik. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan media pop-up book materi diagram batang matematika yang telah dikembangkan layak dan dapat meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa.
Kata Kunci : Media Pop-Up Book, Diagram Batang, Motivasi Belajar
BIOÉTICA EN LA ERA DEL COVID-19
Authors: Sánchez Ana , Casado María , Saénz Carla , Ying Argentina
Published: August 2021

Con el objetivo de hacer una discusión y reflexión sobre la Bioética en la Pandemia de la Covid 19, a través de una visión holística, el enfoque de una entidad internacional asesora de cooperación técnica y la operacionalización de la revisión bioética de la investigación en Centroamérica y República Dominicana, presentamos esta mesa redonda, moderada por la Dra. Ana Sánchez. La Pandemia Covid-19 ha impactado no solamente en la salud global de los seres humanos, también ha incidido en todos los aspectos de la vida cotidiana, desnudando las desigualdades preexistentes e incluso incrementándolas. Desde la perspectiva ética, María Casado se puso en la mesa de discusión el impacto de la Pandemia en los derechos humanos, los riesgos de la producción de una enorme base de datos producto de la investigación acelerada y la capacidad de los comités de ética para enfrentar los conflictos de interés. Desde el punto de vista de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud con Carla Saénz reflexionamos sobre cuán preparados estábamos para hacer una revisión ética en situaciones de emergencia y brotes de enfermedades, cuáles fueron las leciones aprendidas y qué perspectivas tendremos para enfrentar en el futuro situaciones de emergencia. Finalmente Argentina Ying presentó la situación de la evaluación ética de la investigación en la Covid-19 en Centroamérica y Republica Dominicana, resaltando la diversidad de situaciones de gobernanza ética en la región, la necesidad de fortalecer la Bioética en investigación y la importancia de la cooperación internacional para cerrar o disminuir las brechas existentes.
Estudio para Determinar la Calidad del Agua de Pozo, Mediante los Parámetros Físicos, Químicos y Microbiológicos en la Comunidad de Miramar, Provincia de Colón
Authors: Silvera Tancy , Grey Ariel , Zohre Kurt , Coatney John Michael
Published: August 2021

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es determinar la calidad de agua del Pozo de Miramar y el Río de Miramar. Se realizaron 3 idas a Miramar una visita exploratoria para aplicar una encuesta y 2 viajes para recolectar muestras de diferentes puntos estratégicos para el análisis del agua de la comunidad; Se realizaron 12 pruebas a las muestras del agua las cuales son: pH, Temperatura, Fosfato, Nitrato, Turbiedad, Conductividad, Salinidad, Oxígeno Disuelto, DBO, Coliformes Totales, Coliformes Fecales, Enterococos Fecales.Con los valores obtenidos en el laboratorio de las muestras tomadas en los diferentes puntos de la comunidad se pudo determinar un Índice de calidad de Agua para los puntos como los del río y el pozo. Dando como resultado la calidad de agua del río en mala y el pozo en regular. El agua muestreada en las casas y escuela se comparó con la legislación vigente para agua potable dando un resultado desfavorable ya que hay evidencia que está contaminada por la bacteria E. Coli.Incluso se desarrolló un prototipo de aplicación tipo Android para que calculara el Índice de calidad del agua por el método sumativo de Brown, este prototipo tiene como objetivo asistir a los investigadores para llevar un registro de los resultados y un orden cronológico de manera más accesible. Se llegó a la conclusión de que el agua que es transportada a la comunidad desde el pozo está contaminada y por lo tanto puede causar enfermedades tras su consumo a los habitantes.
Violencia simbólica, homofobia interiorizada y factores de riesgo de suicidio en homosexuales en Panamá
Authors: Chavarría Carlos , Oviedo Diana
Published: August 2021

A pesar de que la homosexualidad ha sido suprimida como patología por la Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría en 1973, existe aún las percepciones de dominio social sobre las personas LGBTQI+, los cuales son víctimas de violencia injustificada a causa de la homofobia. Dicha violencia es interiorizada por la persona, ocasionando conflictos internos considerables que pueden provocar la aparición de cuadros psicopatológicos e ideaciones de suicidio. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar la asociación de la homofobia interiorizada y violencia simbólica con factores de riesgo de la conducta suicida en personas homosexuales en la República de Panamá. Se utilizó un cuestionario sociodemográfico y tres escalas autoadministradas: Escala de Actitud hacia la Homosexualidad, Escala de Homonegatividad Interiorizada y la Escala de Ideación Suicida de Beck. Los resultados arrojan que hay una tendencia entre la relación de la ideación suicida e identificación como persona homosexual, como también en la relación entre actitud homofóbica entre los demás e identificación como persona homosexual. También se encontró que la edad, religión y la actitud de homofobia hacia los demás son factores predictores de la ideación suicida. Se puede concluir que, en Panamá, hace falta investigación sobre diversidad sexual, salud mental y medidas de prevención e intervención del suicido y homofobia interiorizada. Al ser un país primordialmente católico, se debe realizar psicoeducación sobre las repercusiones de la discriminación en la salud mental de la población LGBTQI+.
Spatial response of hard- and mixed-bottom benthic epifauna to organic enrichment from salmon aquaculture in northern Norway
Authors: Dunlop K , Harendza A , Bannister R , Keeley N
Published: August 2021

Norwegian Atlantic salmon aquaculture is continuing to expand in northern regions dominated by hard- and mixed-bottom substrates. Such habitats contain rich benthic epifaunal communities, including sponges and other sessile invertebrates susceptible to the impacts of particulate material released from finfish farms. Here, conventional soft-sediment sampling techniques are unable to discern the impacts of farm waste, and new monitoring methods and indicator taxa must be identified. This study improves understanding of the impacts of particulate waste released from salmon farms on the density and structure of benthic epifaunal communities on mixed- and hard-bottom substrates. The diversity, density, and composition of epifaunal communities and visually conspicuous benthic infauna were recorded in towed camera transects along the enrichment gradient (~50-800 m) of 3 salmon farms in northern Norway. Elevated fluxes of particulate material in the vicinity of all farms significantly affected epifaunal community composition, as did the coverage of some key substrate types. The defecated mounds of lugworms and the seastar Asterias rubens were notably more abundant near the farms where fluxes were elevated. The sponges Polymastia spp. and Phakellia spp. and the soft coral Duva florida showed significant declines in density with increasing sedimentation and were principal taxa in communities at natural sedimentation levels. Results identify taxa with both positive and negative spatial associations to particulate waste released from finfish farms and the potential for the development of an epifauna indicator-based index for monitoring the environmental impacts of aquaculture in hard- and mixed-bottom dominated substrates.
Genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus in humans
Authors: Kantárová D , Buc M
Published: August 2021

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM 1A) is an autoimmune disease belonging to the most frequent chronic diseases of the childhood and young adults. DM 1A results from immune-mediated destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. It is a genetically determined disease and many genes or genetic regions were found to be associated with its induction. In addition to the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus 1 (IDDM1) gene, which marks the HLA region, and IDDM2 which marks the insulin gene, significant associations of DM 1A to other IDMM genes or genetic regions we reported. We shortly review recent achievements in the field, and the state of current knowledge.
Uddannelse til ældrepleje: Et scoping review af læring i dansk social- og sundhedsuddannelse
Authors: Møller Britta , Wegener Charlotte , Rohwedder Anne-Birgitte , Thomassen Anja Overgaard , Dybdal René
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this article is to initiate a Nordic exchange of research-based knowledge about elderly care education. The aim is to shed light on and discuss learning issues that the Nordic countries have in common. Changing ways of understanding and performing care work throughout the Nordic region create a need for new understandings of the roles of welfare professionals and of issues of their learning. In Denmark, elderly care education is anchored in social and health care programmes within the vocational education system. Targeted research has taken place in the field since 2006, but no attempt so far has been made to create a systematic overview of the existing research. This article presents the results of a scoping review of the research in social and health care education in the Danish context. The review includes 45 publications in which themes and types of learning actor are identified. The article concludes that there are relatively few studies that take a learning perspective on social and health care education programmes. The analysis shows a predominance of studies that examine the trainee as a learner, while few study teachers and care workers as learners or focus on organisational learning.
Advances in Nanomaterials for Injured Heart Repair
Authors: Guo Jiacheng , Yang Zhenzhen , Wang Xu , Xu Yanyan , Lu Yongzheng , Qin Zhen , Zhang Li , Xu Jing , Wang Wei , Zhang Jinying , Tang Junnan
Published: August 2021

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Because of the limited regenerative capacity of adult myocardium to compensate for the loss of heart tissue after ischemic infarction, scientists have been exploring the possible mechanisms involved in the pathological process of ASCVD and searching for alternative means to regenerate infarcted cardiac tissue. Although numerous studies have pursued innovative solutions for reversing the pathological process of ASCVD and improving the effectiveness of delivering therapeutics, the translation of those advances into downstream clinical applications remains unsatisfactory because of poor safety and low efficacy. Recently, nanomaterials (NMs) have emerged as a promising new strategy to strengthen both the efficacy and safety of ASCVD therapy. Thus, a comprehensive review of NMs used in ASCVD treatment will be useful. This paper presents an overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms of ASCVD and the multifunctional mechanisms of NM-based therapy, including antioxidative, anti-inflammation and antiapoptosis mechanisms. The technological improvements of NM delivery are summarized and the clinical transformations concerning the use of NMs to treat ASCVD are examined. Finally, this paper discusses the challenges and future perspectives of NMs in cardiac regeneration to provide insightful information for health professionals on the latest advancements in nanotechnologies for ASCVD treatment.
Explicit Overturning Limit of Rigid Block Using Triple and Pseudo-Triple Impulses Under Critical Near-Fault Ground Motions
Authors: Homma Sae , Nabeshima Kunihiko , Takewaki Izuru
Published: August 2021

An explicit limit for the overturning of a rigid block is derived on the input level of the triple impulse and the pseudo-triple impulse as a modified version of the triple impulse that are a substitute of a near-fault forward-directivity ground motion. The overturning behavior of the rigid block is described by applying the conservation law of angular momentum and the conservation law of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential). The initial velocity of rotation after the first impulse and the change of rotational velocity after the impact on the floor due to the movement of the rotational center are determined by using the conservation law of angular momentum. The maximum angle of rotation after the first impulse is obtained by the conservation law of mechanical energy. The change of rotational velocity after the second impulse is also characterized by the conservation law of angular momentum. The maximum angle of rotation of the rigid block after the second impulse, which is mandatory for the computation of the overturning limit, is also derived by the conservation law of mechanical energy. This allows us to prevent from computing complex non-linear time-history responses. The critical timing of the second impulse (also the third impulse timing to the second impulse) is featured by the time of impact after the first impulse. As in the case of the double impulse, the action of the second impulse just after the impact is employed as the critical timing. It is induced from the explicit expression of the critical velocity amplitude limit of the pseudo-triple impulse that its limit is slightly larger than the limit for the double impulse. Finally, it is found that, when the third impulse in the triple impulse is taken into account, the limit input velocity for the overturning of the rigid block becomes larger than that for the pseudo-triple impulse. This is because the third impulse is thought to prevent the overturning of the rigid block by giving an impact toward the inverse direction of the vibration of the rigid block.
The Regulatory Role of GBF1 on Osteoclast Activation Through EIF2a Mediated ER Stress and Novel Marker FAM129A Induction
Authors: Wen Cailing , Zhou Yuheng , Xu Yanting , Tan Huijing , Pang Caixia , Liu Haiqian , Liu Kaifei , Wei Linlin , Luo Hui , Qin Tian , He Chonghua , Liu Cuiling , Zhou Chun
Published: August 2021

Bone-resorbing activities of osteoclasts (OCs) are highly dependent on actin cytoskeleton remodeling, plasma membrane reorganization, and vesicle trafficking pathways, which are partially regulated by ARF-GTPases. In the present study, the functional roles of Golgi brefeldin A resistance factor 1 (GBF1) are proposed. GBF1 is responsible for the activation of the ARFs family and vesicular transport at the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi interface in different stages of OCs differentiation. In the early stage, GBF1 deficiency impaired OCs differentiation and was accompanied with OCs swelling and reduced formation of mature OCs, indicating that GBF1 participates in osteoclastogenesis. Using siRNA and the specific inhibitor GCA for GBF1 knockdown upregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated signaling molecules, including BiP, p-PERK, p-EIF2α, and FAM129A, and promoted autophagic Beclin1, Atg7, p62, and LC3 axis, leading to apoptosis of OCs. The present data suggest that, by blocking COPI-mediated vesicular trafficking, GBF1 inhibition caused intense stress to the endoplasmic reticulum and excessive autophagy, eventually resulting in the apoptosis of mature OCs and impaired bone resorption function.
Co-Occurrence of Viruses, Plant Pathogens, and Symbionts in an Underexplored Hemipteran Clade
Authors: Salazar McKinlee M. , Pupo Mônica T. , Brown Amanda M. V.
Published: August 2021

Interactions between insect symbionts and plant pathogens are dynamic and complex, sometimes involving direct antagonism or synergy and sometimes involving ecological and evolutionary leaps, as insect symbionts transmit through plant tissues or plant pathogens transition to become insect symbionts. Hemipterans such as aphids, whiteflies, psyllids, leafhoppers, and planthoppers are well-studied plant pests that host diverse symbionts and vector plant pathogens. The related hemipteran treehoppers (family Membracidae) are less well-studied but offer a potentially new and diverse array of symbionts and plant pathogenic interactions through their distinct woody plant hosts and ecological interactions with diverse tending hymenopteran taxa. To explore membracid symbiont–pathogen diversity and co-occurrence, this study performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing on 20 samples (16 species) of treehopper, and characterized putative symbionts and pathogens using a combination of rapid blast database searches and phylogenetic analysis of assembled scaffolds and correlation analysis. Among the 8.7 billion base pairs of scaffolds assembled were matches to 9 potential plant pathogens, 12 potential primary and secondary insect endosymbionts, numerous bacteriophages, and other viruses, entomopathogens, and fungi. Notable discoveries include a divergentBrenneriaplant pathogen-like organism, several bee-likeBombellaandAsaiastrains, novel strains ofArsenophonus-like andSodalis-like symbionts,Ralstoniasp. andRalstonia-type phages,Serratiasp., and APSE-type phages and bracoviruses. There were several shortPhytoplasmaandSpiroplasmamatches, but there was no indication of plant viruses in these data. Clusters of positively correlated microbes such as yeast-like symbionts andRalstonia, viruses andSerratia, and APSE phage with parasitoid-type bracoviruses suggest directions for future analyses. Together, results indicate membracids offer a rich palette for future study of symbiont–plant pathogen interactions.
Exosomes and Atherogenesis
Authors: Lin Bingbing , Yang Juan , Song Yuwei , Dang Guohui , Feng Juan
Published: August 2021

Myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke are the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Atherosclerosis is their common pathological foundation. It is known that atherosclerosis is characterized by endothelial activation/injury, accumulation of inflammatory immune cells and lipid-rich foam cells, followed by the development of atherosclerotic plaque. Either from arterial vessel wall or blood circulation, endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, foam cells, and platelets have been considered to contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Exosomes, as natural nano-carriers and intercellular messengers, play a significant role in modulation of cell-to-cell communication. Under physiological or pathological conditions, exosomes can deliver their cargos including donor cell-specific proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids to target cells, which in turn affect the function of the target cells. In this review, we will describe the pathophysiological significance of various exosomes derived from different cell types associated with atherosclerosis, and the potential applications of exosome in clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Seismic Phase Association Based on the Maximum Likelihood Method
Authors: Sheen Dong-Hoon , Friberg Paul A.
Published: August 2021

Phase association is a process that links seismic phases triggered at the stations of a seismic network to declare the occurrence of earthquakes. During phase association, a set of phases from different stations is examined to determine the common origin of phases within a specific region, predominantly on the basis of a grid search and the sum of observations. The association of seismic phases in local earthquake monitoring systems or earthquake early warning systems is often disturbed not only by transient noises, but also by large regional or teleseismic events. To mitigate this disturbance, we developed a seismic phase association method, binder_max, which uses the maximum likelihood method to associate seismic phases. The method is based on the framework of binder_ew, the phase associator of Earthworm, but it uses a likelihood distribution of the arrival information instead of stacking arrival information. Applying binder_max to data from seismic networks of South Korea and Ohio, United States, we found a significant improvement in the robustness of the method against large regional or teleseismic events compared to binder_ew. Our results indicate that binder_max can associate seismic phases of local earthquakes to the same degree as binder_ew as well as can avoid many of the false associations that have limited binder_ew.
A Marginal Contribution Theory-Based Energy Efficiency Contribution Analysis for Integrated Energy System
Authors: Yang Shihai , Chen Mingming , Zuo Qiang
Published: August 2021

The energy efficiency analysis is a prerequisite for the construction of the integrated energy system (IES). In this study, a novel energy efficiency analysis method is proposed considering different energy subsystems in the IES. First, the energy efficiency index of the subsystems and conversion devices is formed for elaborating their influence on the IES. The IES is composed of four energy subsystems, i.e., power/gas/heat/cooling subsystems, and six energy conversion devices. Next, the energy efficiency contribution models of energy subsystems and conversion devices are proposed based on their energy efficiency index, respectively. Then, in order to calculate the energy flow in the IES, an equivalent topological model of the IES weighted directed graph is proposed to calculate the energy efficiency contribution. Finally, an actual park is employed to illustrate the validity of the proposed analysis method.
High Spatial Resolution Topsoil Organic Matter Content Mapping Across Desertified Land in Northern China
Authors: Junting Yang , Xiaosong Li , Bo Wu , Junjun Wu , Bin Sun , Changzhen Yan , Zhihai Gao
Published: August 2021

Soil organic matter (SOM) content is an effective indicator of desertification; thus, monitoring its spatial‒temporal changes on a large scale is important for combating desertification. However, mapping SOM content in desertified land is challenging owing to the heterogeneous landscape, relatively low SOM content and vegetation coverage. Here, we modeled the SOM content in topsoil (0–20 cm) of desertified land in northern China by employing a high spatial resolution dataset and machine learning methods, with an emphasis on quarterly green and non-photosynthetic vegetation information, based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE). The results show: 1) the machine learning model performed better than the traditional multiple linear regression model (MLR) for SOM content estimation, and the Random Forest (RF) model was more accurate than the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model; 2) the quarterly information regarding green vegetation and non-photosynthetic were identified as key covariates for estimating the SOM content in desertified land, and an obvious improvement could be observed after simultaneously combining the Dead Fuel Index (DFI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the four quarters (R2 increased by 0.06, the root mean square error decreased by 0.05, the ratio of prediction deviation increased by 0.2, and the ratio of performance to interquartile distance increased by 0.5). In particular, the effects of the DFI in Q1 (the first quarter) and Q2 (the second quarter) on estimating low SOM content (<1%) were identified; finally, a timely (2019) and high spatial resolution (30 m) SOM content map for the desertified land in northern China was drawn which shows obvious advantages over existing SOM products, thus providing key data support for monitoring and combating desertification.
Leaders Inspiring the Next Generation of Citizen Scientists – An Analysis of the Predictors of Leadership in Birding
Authors: Randler Christoph
Published: August 2021

Citizen Science (CS) is a megatrend of the 21st century given its importance for nature conservation. CS projects dealing with birds often require knowledge and abilities to identify species. This knowledge is not easy to acquire and people often learn from leaders during field trips and lectures about birds. This emphasizes the need for leaders in ornithology. Although data of CS projects are increasing, less is known about people providing guidance and taking over leadership roles. In this study, leadership roles (leading field trips, giving lectures/presentations) are analyzed by studying demographic variables, birding specialization, and the social dimension of the involvement concept of serious leisure. Participants were recruited via many channels to cover a broad range of birdwatchers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland who participated in the online survey. A total of 1,518 participants were men, 1,390 were women (mean age 47.7). Mean years of birding were on average 24.5. 845 persons lead at least one field trip, and 671 gave on lecture (in combination 991). Mean number of field trips led during the last 5 years was 13.43, mean number of presentations was 8.21. Persons that gave presentations also led field trips (Phi = 0.593, p < 0.001). However, there are still people that preferred leading field trips over lecturing and vice versa. Men more than women took over leadership roles. A binary logistic regression showed an influence of age, gender, and university degree. Social relatedness was related to being a leader, also birding skill/competence as well as self-report behavior of birding were significant predictors for leadership roles. Years of birdwatching and both commitment scales were not significant. The data indicate that more diversity in leadership roles might be beneficial with more women and younger persons.
Identification of Genes Encoding Antimicrobial Proteins in Langerhans Cells
Authors: Oulee Aislyn , Ma Feiyang , Teles Rosane M. B. , de Andrade Silva Bruno J. , Pellegrini Matteo , Klechevsky Eynav , Harman Andrew N. , Rhodes Jake W. , Modlin Robert L.
Published: August 2021

Langerhans cells (LCs) reside in the epidermis where they are poised to mount an antimicrobial response against microbial pathogens invading from the outside environment. To elucidate potential pathways by which LCs contribute to host defense, we mined published LC transcriptomes deposited in GEO and the scientific literature for genes that participate in antimicrobial responses. Overall, we identified 31 genes in LCs that encode proteins that contribute to antimicrobial activity, ten of which were cross-validated in at least two separate experiments. Seven of these ten antimicrobial genes encode chemokines,CCL1, CCL17, CCL19, CCL2, CCL22, CXCL14andCXCL2, which mediate both antimicrobial and inflammatory responses. Of these,CCL22was detected in seven of nine transcriptomes and by PCR in cultured LCs. Overall, the antimicrobial genes identified in LCs encode proteins with broad antibacterial activity, including againstStaphylococcus aureus, which is the leading cause of skin infections. Thus, this study illustrates that LCs, consistent with their anatomical location, are programmed to mount an antimicrobial response against invading pathogens in skin.
Case Report: Blepharophimosis and Ptosis as Leading Dysmorphic Features of Rare Congenital Malformation Syndrome With Developmental Delay – New Cases With TRAF7 Variants
Authors: Paprocka Justyna , Nowak Magdalena , Nieć Maria , Janik Izabela , Rydzanicz Małgorzata , Robert Śmigiel , Klaniewska Magdalena , Rutkowska Karolina , Płoski Rafał , Jezela-Stanek Aleksandra
Published: August 2021

Germline variants in tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7) gene have recently been described in about 50 patients with developmental delay and cardiac, facial, and digital anomalies (CAFDADD). We aimed to depict further the clinical and genetic spectrum associated with TRAF7 germline variants in two additional patients, broaden the mutational spectrum, and support the characteristic clinical variety to facilitate the diagnostics of the syndrome among physician involved in the evaluation of patients with developmental delay/congenital malformations.
Improved Physiological Gait in Acute and Chronic SCI Patients After Training With Wearable Cyborg Hybrid Assistive Limb
Authors: Brinkemper Alexis , Aach Mirko , Grasmücke Dennis , Jettkant Birger , Rosteius Thomas , Dudda Marcel , Yilmaz Emre , Schildhauer Thomas Armin
Published: August 2021

In recent years robotic devices became part of rehabilitation offers for patients suffering from Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) and other diseases. Most scientific publications about such devices focus on functional outcome. The aim of this study was to verify whether an improvement in physiological gait can be demonstrated in addition to the functional parameters after treatment with neurological controlled HAL® Robot Suit. Fifteen subjects with acute (<12 months since injury, n = 5) or chronic (>12 months since injury, n = 10) incomplete paraplegia (AIS B, n = 0/AIS C, n = 2/AIS D, n = 8) or complete paraplegia (AIS A, n = 5) with zones of partial preservation participated. Subjects underwent a body weight supported treadmill training for five times a week over 12 weeks using HAL®. At baseline and at the end of the study a gait analysis was performed and additional functional parameters such as 10-Meter-Walk-Test, Timed-Up-and-Go-Test, 6-Minutes-Walk-Test, and WISCI II score were collected. Results were evaluated for whole group and individually for acute and chronic subgroups. All functional parameters improved. Differences were also found in physiological parameters such as phases of gait cycle and accompanied by significant improvement in all spatiotemporal and gait phase parameters. The presented study shows signs that an improvement in physiological gait can be achieved in addition to improved functional parameters in patients with SCI after completing 12-week training with HAL®.

Trial Registration: DRKS, DRKS00020805. Registered 12 February 2020—Retrospectively registered, https://www.drks.de/DRKS00020805.