bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanized No-Tillage Planting with Maize Straw Mulching Improves Potato Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Arid Regions of Northwest China
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Pengxia , Sun Wei , Zhang Hua , Liu Xiaolong , Li Peiwen , Zhang Fengwei
Published: July 2024

In order to explore the yield-increasing mechanism of mechanized potato planting with corn straw mulching, a two-year ( 2021 and 2022 ) field experiment was conducted to study the effects of mechanized no-tillage with straw mulching on potato yield and water use efficiency. This experiment included corn straw mulching potato mechanized no-tillage planting ( JG ), plastic film mulching ( HM ) and open flat planting ( CK ). The results showed that mechanical no-tillage with straw mulching had significant effects on soil water content, yield and water use efficiency in 0-100 cm soil layer (p< 0.05). There was no significant difference in yield between JG and HM, but it was significantly higher than that of CK. The yield of JG was 3.09 %~12.27 % higher than that of CK. The yield increase was mainly achieved by increasing the potato weight per plant ( 0.697 ~ 0.862** ) and the average single potato weight ( 0.048 ~ 0.631 ). The tuber weight per plant was positively correlated with the plant height at seedling stage ( 0.03 ~ 0.92** ), and positively correlated with the dry weight of stems and leaves at tuber expansion stage and starch accumulation stage ( 0.74** ~ 0.95**). It was negatively correlated with the number of branches at tuber formation stage ( -0.33 ~ -0.88** ). Compared with CK, JG could significantly improve the water use efficiency of potato and reduce the water consumption during the whole growth period of crops. In 2021, JG was 6.5 % higher than CK, and HM was 6.88 % lower than CK. In 2022, JG and HM increased water use efficiency by 26.17 % and 14.50 % compared with CK. It can be seen that JG is a green and efficient mechanized potato cultivation technology suitable for dry farming areas.
Extraction, Characterization, and Nutraceutical Potential of Prosthechea karwinskii on Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats
Authors: Barragán-Zarate Gabriela Soledad , Lagunez Rivera Luicita , Alexander-Aguilera Alfonso , Solano Rodolfo , Vilarem Gerard
Published: July 2024

The present study evaluated the effect of Prosthechea karwinskii leaves extract on antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in a model of obese rats with insulin resistance to know its nutraceutical potential on insulin resistance and oxidative stress. Obesity and insulin resistance were induced in rats by administering 40% sucrose in water. Once the model was established, four groups were evaluated (control, obese, obese administered with extract, and obese administered with metformin), and the indices of insulin resistance and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were measured. In addition, compounds in the extract were identified with UHPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS/MS. The glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and insulin resistance indicators (HOMA-IR and TyG) increased in obese rats. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes evaluated increased in the obese group, apparently as an adaptive response to oxidative stress to inhibit reactive oxygen species formed by hyperglycemia. Administration of P. karwinskii extract and metformin reduced glucose, insulin, triglyceride levels, insulin resistance indicators and antioxidant enzymes to values like those of the control group. This study shows the nutraceutical potential of P. karwinskii extract as an ingredient in the formulation of food supplements or functional foods to help treat diseases related to insulin resistance and oxidative stress.
Trends in Enterococcus faecium Bacteremia: Exploring Risk Factors with Emphasis on Prior Antibiotic Exposure
Authors: Sorstedt Erik , Ahlbeck Gustaf , Snygg-Martin Ulrika
Published: July 2024

Enterococcal bacteraemia (EB) is on the rise both in Sweden and globally. While Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is susceptible to ampicillin and piperacillin/tazobactam (pip/taz), Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) is not. The use of pip/taz has increased dramatically in Sweden, but it is unknown if this has affected the relative incidence of E. faecalis/E. faecium bacteraemia. Here we investigate whether the number and proportion of E. faecium bacteraemia (EfmB) cases have increased. Additionalle, risk factors associated with EfmB with focus on prior antibiotic exposure are analyzed. Medical journals of 360 patients with EB admitted to Sahlgrenska University Hospital were reviewed. The proportion of EfmB cases increased from 41% in 2015 to 51% in 2021. Hospital-acquired infection, previous exposure to pip/taz, and carbapenems were identified as independent risk factors for EfmB. There were considerable patient related differences between the EfmB and EfsB groups but there was no difference in mortality rates. In conclusion, the increasing proportion of EfmB cases is concerning and was seen parallell to the expanding use of pip/taz, one possible contributing factor. Our findings suggest that a cautious approach to antibiotic use is essential to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
A van der Waals Model of Solvation Thermodynamics
Authors: Tortorella Attila , Graziano Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

Exploiting the van der Waals model of liquids, it is possible to derive analytical formulas for the thermodynamic functions governing solvation, the transfer of a solute molecule from a fixed position in the ideal gas phase to a fixed position in the liquid phase. The solvation Gibbs free energy change consists of two contributions: (a) the high number density of all liquids and the repulsive interactions due to the basic fact that each molecule has its own body lead to the need of spending free energy to create a cavity suitable to host the solute molecule; (b) the ubiquitous intermolecular attractive interactions lead to a gain in free energy for turning on attractions between the solute molecule and surrounding liquid molecules. Also the solvation entropy change consists of two contributions: (a) there is an entropy loss in all liquids because the cavity presence limits the space accessible to liquid molecules during their continuous translations; (b) there is an entropy gain in all liquids, at room temperature, due to the liquid structural reorganization as a response to the perturbation represented by solute insertion. The latter entropy contribution proves to be balanced by a corresponding enthalpy term. This scenario emerged from the van der Waals model is in qualitative agreement with experimental results.
Imaging Biomarkers of Oral Dysplasia and Carcinoma Measured with In Vivo Endoscopic Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Malone Jeanie , Hill Chloe , Tanskanen Adrian , Liu Kelly , Ng Samson , MacAulay Calum , Poh Catherine F. , Lane Pierre M.
Published: July 2024

: Optical coherence tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides three-dimensional visualization of subsurface tissue structures. OCT has been proposed and explored in literature as a tool to assess oral cancer status, select biopsy sites, or identify surgical margins. Our endoscopic OCT device can generate widefield (centimeters long) imaging of lesions at any location in the oral cavity – but it is challenging for raters to quantitatively assess and score large volumes of data. Leveraging a previously developed epithelial segmentation network, this work develops quantifiable biomarkers that provide direct measurements of tissue properties in three-dimensions. We hypothesize that features related to morphology, tissue attenuation, and contrast between tissue layers will be able to provide a quantitative assessment of disease status (dysplasia through carcinoma). This work retrospectively assesses seven biomarkers on a lesion-contralateral matched OCT dataset of lateral and ventral tongue (40 patients, 70 sites). Epithelial depth and loss of epithelial-stromal boundary visualization provide the strongest discrimination between disease states. The stroma optical attenuation coefficient provides distinction of benign lesions from dysplasia and carcinoma. The stratification biomarkers visualize subsurface changes which provides potential for future utility in biopsy site selection or treatment margin delineation.
Evaluating Supplier Relationship Management Strategies for E-Commerce Customization
Authors: Grant Oliver
Published: July 2024

This qualitative research explores Supplier Relationship Management (SRM) strategies within the context of e-commerce customization, aiming to understand how businesses effectively manage relationships with suppliers to meet personalized consumer demands. Through semi-structured interviews with industry professionals, key themes such as trust, communication, technological integration, strategic alignment, sustainability, and collaboration emerged as critical factors influencing SRM effectiveness. Trust was found to be foundational, fostering cooperation and commitment between e-commerce businesses and suppliers through transparent interactions. Effective communication and the integration of advanced technologies like AI and blockchain enhanced operational efficiency and innovation capabilities, enabling businesses to deliver tailored customer experiences. Strategic alignment between businesses and suppliers proved essential for shared success and mutual benefit, while sustainability practices increasingly shaped consumer preferences and brand reputation. Collaboration facilitated joint innovation and accelerated product customization, underscoring the importance of partnerships in achieving strategic goals. However, challenges including supply chain complexity, managing consumer expectations, and regulatory compliance highlighted the need for continuous improvement and adaptive strategies. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights for e-commerce businesses seeking to optimize SRM strategies, enhance supply chain efficiency, and navigate the complexities of customization in a competitive digital marketplace. By leveraging trust, communication, technology, strategic alignment, sustainability, and collaboration, businesses can effectively meet evolving consumer demands and achieve sustainable growth.
Solutions Based on Nature to Face Water Stress: Lessons from the Present and Past
Authors: Suman Daniel O , Morais Maria Manuela , Saito Carlos Hiroo
Published: July 2024

This manuscript reviews three case studies from Brazil, Panama, and Portugal that illustrate Nature-based Solutions. The Tijuca Forest in Rio de Janeiro is a remarkable story of centuries of forest management that today is recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Panama Canal Watershed produces water for Canal operations, electricity generation, and drinking water for half the country´s population. Traditional windmills and weirs near streams in the Alentejo Region, Portugal, have largely been abandoned due to the damming of the Guadiana River. Yet today, weirs are increasingly recognized for their important contribution to water provisioning in this dry region. All have a primary goal related to water provisioning, yet their ecosystem benefits are multiple. The cases offer important lessons for adaptation to climate change, cultural benefits from traditional human activities, and concerns about social equity.
St Patrick’s Purgatory: From Cave to Island to Cyberspace
Authors: Glazier Stephen D.
Published: July 2024

While the history of Lough Derg is extremely well-documented, there have been com-paratively fewer ethnographic reports. Given the highly elaborate Lough Derg websites and multiple postings by Lough Derg pilgrims, this researcher anticipated that Lough Derg – like many other Irish pilgrimages - would attract mostly recreational tourists. It does not. Pilgrims to Lough Derg do not see the site as primarily a tourist destination. Instead, they see Lough Derg primarily as a locus of intense religious experience. Lough Derg 3-day pilgrimages are rigorous and entail considerable self-sacrifice: fasting, sleep deprivation, cold, bare feet, prayer, no cell phones, and exposure to jagged rocks. Lough Derg’s 3-day pilgrimages closely follow patterns established centuries ago. Lough Derg is both "modern" and "timeless." It selectively incorporates ancient ritual and 21st century technology. This paper looks at the impact of the covid19 epidemic on Lough Derg pilgrimages. The site was closed to pilgrims during the 2020-2021 season and an on-line virtual pilgrimage was offered as a substitute. One unintended consequence of this virtual pilgrimage is that many pilgrims to Lough Derg now give greater prominence to what Corin Braga has categorized as fisi (ecstatic revelations) than to the physical journey itself (i e. somanodias). Post-covid pilgrims highlight the Internet: production of virtual texts and Internet vlogs. As in most pilgrimages worldwide, contemporary pilgrims to Lough Derg arrive with varied expec-tations and myriad motives. This ethnographic report examines these motives and offers a critique of James L. Smith (2016), who, like Edith and Victor Turner (1978) before him – saw Lough Derg as a symbol of Irish nationalism. Smith highlighted Lough Derg’s “moral geography” which, he argued, stems from its long history of isolation. But Post- covid Lough Derg is no longer isolated. The site has become more accessible through organized bus tours, improved public transportation, and development of a commercial tourist infrastructure.
PUBLIC MANAGEMENT OF HIGHER EDUCATION QUALITY ASSURANCE INUKRAINE: RELEVANCE OF ISSUES REGARDING THE STANDARDS OF INTERNATIONAL LEVEL PROGRAM DOCUMENTS AND INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS OF UKRAINE
Authors: Tyshchuk Oleksii , Moroz Oleksandr
Published: July 2024

The publication contains results of the research of assurance of higher education quality within the field ofknowledge “Public administration and governance” in such areas as “program documents of international level” and“Ukraine’s obligations to other countries”. In accordance with these directions, there was made an analysis of thecontent of the UN program document “Transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development” andThe European Union–Ukraine Association Agreement (issues of the higher education quality) were analyzed. Thearticle contains recommendations and generalizations on the technology of using the content of internationaldocuments to justify the relevance of the research performed within the field of knowledge “Public administration andgovernance”.
Pursuit and Hindrance: The Self-Identity of Mistress Hibbins in The Scarlet Letter and Cristina in Lives of the Saints
Authors: Song Jialu
Published: July 2024

In The Scarlet Letter (1850) by the famous American novelist Nathaniel Hawthorne, Mistress Hibbins, a character recognized as a witch in society, not only demonstrates a strong spirit of religious resistance but is also a forerunner of feminist thought. Similarly, in the Italian-Canadian novelist Nino Ricci’s debut and masterpiece Lives of the Saints (1990), Ricci succeeds in portraying Cristina, a woman with a rebellious spirit. These two female characters, though in different time and space backgrounds, have shown persistent pursuit of self-identity. Therefore, the objective of this essay is to delve into the relentless quest for self-identity and the obstacles encountered by Mistress Hibbins and Cristina within the context of alienation. Drawing on the theoretical framework of identity, this analysis aims to illustrate that despite their hardships and tragic endings, both women ultimately achieve a recognition of their own identity.
Front Matter
Authors: Hart Bruce , Godet Alexis , Pope Mike , Griffith christine
Published: July 2024

SEPM Field Trip Guidebook 16 is perhaps best thought of as an exercise in applied stratigraphy and structural geology. The technical goal is to make inter-disciplinary links, to demonstrate how stratigraphic and structural features affect exploration and development activities for unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. The outcrops described in this guidebook should help to stimulate discussion on a series of interrelated topics such as: lithology, stratigraphic controls on hydrocarbons, horizontal drilling target, and geosteering challenges.
Long-term administration of SiO2 nanoparticles in drinking water with modern dietary habits induces liver steatosis in a mouse model
Authors: Ye Tzung Cheng , Chao Shu-Ju , Huang Chih-Pin , Mai Ru-Tsun
Published: July 2024

SiO2 nanoparticles (SNPs), which are abundant in water and are used for various applications, for example, as food additives and anticaking agents, are of growing concern because of their potential risk to human health. Research has reported low potential side effects in animal models treated with SNPs; however, a few in vivo studies have shown cause for concern. Presently, high-fat foods have changed our lives and increased the incidence rates of fatty liver, obesity, and overweight. This in vivo study was performed to evaluate the effects of SNPs in drinking water in concert with modern dietary habits. The research has reported that the presence of SNPs in drinking water with the consumption of a high-fat diet was associated with the accumulation of SNPs and triglycerides in liver tissue, elevated aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels in serum, activation of fibrosis and inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and the development of liver steatosis. The results showed that the long-term effect of SNPs in drinking water might induce fatty liver in conditions of modern dietary habits. This study investigated the risk of exposure to SNPs with modern dietary habits and provided important experimental evidence for the safety evaluation of SNPs, especially in human health.
Enhancing Sustainability in Lithium-Ion Battery Direct Recycling: Water Electrolysis-induced Gas Separation and Dry Electrode Remanufacturing
Authors: Li Ju , Yang Fangzhou , Chen Xinlong , Qu Ge , Nie Quan , Liu Ganxiong , Wan Wang , Li Sa , Wang Chao , Wang Tanyuan , Huang Yunhui
Published: July 2024

Lithium-ion battery recycling is pivotal for resource conservation and environmental sustainability. Direct recycling, while offering a promising avenue for battery recovery with reduced waste compared to pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, often involves intricate and long processes. This study introduces a novel and energy-efficient water electrolysis-induced gas separation approach, utilizing H2 or O2 microbubbles to efficiently separate electrode materials from current collectors. The process achieves 99.5% material recycling with metal impurities below 40 ppm within 35 seconds for LiFePO4 and 3 seconds for graphite at 10 mA h cm–2, and can be expedited at higher current density, with minimal energy consumption of 11 and 1.1 kJ (kg cell)⁻1. Moreover, this approach accommodates various electrode types, encompassing cathodes, and anodes from spent batteries or manufacturing scraps. Leveraging effective mixing of active materials and conductive agents, the recycled powders are directly refabricated into dry electrodes, showcasing electrochemical performances comparable to commercial counterparts. The elimination of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) usage enhances environmental friendliness. An Everbatt analysis underscores a remarkable reduction in energy consumption and waste generation compared to industrial-adopted recycling methods. This approach is an efficient and sustainable solution for LIB recycling, ensuring environmental responsibility and high-quality materials production.
Comparisons of eDNA and traditional sampling methods for enhanced assessment of benthic macroinvertebrate diversity in lotic environments with spatially varying land use
Authors: BAE Mi-Jung , Chun Yung-Chul , Han Seung-Cheol , Kim Sun-Yu , Kim Eui-Jin
Published: July 2024

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is emerging as a beneficial tool for assessing benthic macroinvertebrate diversity due to its speed and simplicity of sampling. This study evaluates the effectiveness of eDNA, qualitative (kick or scoop net), and quantitative (Surber net) sampling methods in characterizing benthic macroinvertebrate diversity in lotic ecosystems. The samplings were conducted across eleven unique river sites, each showing diverse types of riparian land cover including forest, agricultural, and urban areas. We identified 114, 79, and 110 macroinvertebrate species, respectively, via qualitative, quantitative, and eDNA-based sampling methods. Venn diagram analysis revealed the complementary nature of these three methods, each detecting a unique array of taxa. Especially, eDNA sampling could detect rare species and identify the species which were difficult to classify into the lowest level based on eye-observation. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed differences in longitudinal gradients across survey sites, regardless of the sampling method employed. Notably, spatial autocorrelation analysis demonstrated that capture-based sampling methods (qualitative and quantitative) revealed both positive autocorrelation at shorter distances and negative autocorrelation at more distant sites, suggesting species gradient. However, eDNA sampling only showed a positive autocorrelation at shorter distances. Our findings validate the synergistic use of eDNA-based and traditional sampling methods, illustrating how their combined application provides a deeper and more nuanced understanding of benthic macroinvertebrate diversity in freshwater ecosystems. This comprehensive approach not only reveals hidden species and complex ecological patterns missed by single-method studies but also enhances spatial analysis capabilities, as evidenced by our spatial autocorrelation findings. These insights are crucial for developing effective biodiversity conservation strategies and ensuring sustainable management of aquatic resources.
Mapping global grassland dynamics 2000—2022 at 30m spatial resolution using spatiotemporal Machine Learning
Authors: Parente Leandro , Sloat Lindsey , Mesquita Vinicius , Consoli Davide , Stanimirova Radost , Hengl Tomislav , Bonannella Carmelo , Teles Nathália , Wheeler Ichsani , Ehrmann Steffen , Hunter Maria , Ferreira Laerte , Mattos Ana Paula , Oliveira Bernard , Meyer Carsten , Şahin Murat , Witjes Martijn , Fritz Steffen , Malek Žiga , Stolle Fred
Published: July 2024

The paper describes the production and evaluation of global grassland dynamics mapped annually for 2000-2022 at 30~m spatial resolution. The dataset showing the spatiotemporal distribution of cultivated and natural/semi-natural grassland classes was produced by using GLAD Landsat ARD-2 image archive, accompanied by climatic, landform and proximity covariates, spatiotemporal machine learning (per-class Random Forest) and over 2.3M reference samples (visually interpreted in Very High Resolution imagery). Custom probability thresholds (based on five-fold spatial cross-validation) were used to derive dominant class maps with balanced precision and recall values, 0.64 and 0.75 for cultivated and natural/semi-natural grassland, respectively. The produced maps (about 4~TB in size) are available under an open data license as Cloud-Optimized GeoTIFFs and as Google Earth Engine assets. The suggested uses of data include (1) integration with other compatible land cover products and (2) tracking the intensity and drivers of conversion of land to cultivated grasslands and from natural / semi-natural grasslands into other land use systems.
Grain boundary diffusion cannot explain the W isotope heterogeneities of the deep mantle
Authors: Peng Yihang , Yoshino Takashi , Deng Jie
Published: July 2024

The depletion of 182W associated with the enrichment of 3He in some ocean island basalts likely fed by deep-rooted mantle plumes may derive from the Earth's core through long-term core-mantle interactions. It has been proposed that the grain boundary diffusion of siderophile elements is an efficient mechanism for core-mantle interaction and may effectively modify the W isotopic compositions of the plume-source mantle. In this study, we perform large-scale molecular dynamics simulations driven by machine learning potentials of ab initio quality to investigate the diffusion of W along ferropericlase grain boundaries and in (Mg,Fe)O liquid. Our findings suggest that the diffusion of W is sluggish under core-mantle boundary conditions, and thus is unlikely to have observable impacts on the W isotopic compositions of terrestrial igneous rocks.
Eragrostis curvula cultivars improve bacterial diversity, extracellular enzyme activities, and nutrition in grassland ecosystem soils
Authors: Motsomane Nqobile , Magadlela Anathi
Published: July 2024

Eragrostis curvula has been studied extensively due to its primary use in pastures and potential utilisation as a food source, however the role of E. curvula cultivars in soil nutrient cycling in nutrient-poor grassland ecosystems is understudied. This study investigated the effects of E. curvula cultivars on soil bacterial communities, associated enzyme activities, and soil characteristics in soils collected in grassland ecosystems in Heidelberg, Gauteng, South Africa. Soil bacterial communities were isolated and identified in pre-planting soils and post E. curvula harvest. Over four months, soil characteristics and enzyme activities were determined for pre-planting and post E. curvula harvest. There was an increase in the bacteria isolated from post-harvest soils compared to pre-planting soils for both cultivars in all study sites. Soil growing the cultivars showed a significant increase in the nitrate reductase activity across all study sites. An increase in β-glucosidase in July was only observed in Agpal soils across all study sites. Soil N concentrations and pH increased in all post-harvest soils. Potassium and P concentrations in post-harvest soils were lower than in pre-panting soils for both cultivars. The principal component analysis revealed that the Ermelo cultivar uniformly influences the soil characteristics and extracellular enzyme activities in all study sites, while the Agpal cultivar had varying responses. This study’s findings highlight how E. curvula cultivars shift the microbial profile over time while increasing N and pH in grassland ecosystem soils.
109Pd/109mAg in-vivo generator in the form of nanoparticles for combined β- - Auger electron therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Gharibkandi Nasrin Abbasi , Wawrowicz Kamil , Walczak Rafał , Majkowska-Pilip Agnieszka , Wierzbicki Mateusz , Bilewicz Aleksander
Published: July 2024

Background
Convenient therapeutic protocols for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are often ineffective due to late diagnosis and high tumor heterogeneity, leading to poor long-term outcomes. However, recently performed studies suggest that using nanostructures in liver cancer treatment may improve therapeutic effects. Inorganic nanoparticles represent a unique material which tend to accumulate in the liver when introduced in-vivo. Typically, this is a major drawback that prevents the therapeutic use of nanoparticles in medicine. However, in HCC tumours, this may be advantageous because nanoparticles may accumulate in the target organ, where the leaky vasculature of HCC causes their accumulation in tumour cells via the EPR effect. On the other hand, recent studies have shown that combining low- and high-LET radiation emitted from the same radionuclide, such as 161Tb, can increase the effectiveness of radionuclide therapy. Therefore, to improve the effectiveness of radionuclide therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma, we suggest utilizing radioactive palladium nanoparticles in the form of 109Pd/109mAg in-vivo generator that emits simultaneously β− particles and Auger electrons.
Results
Palladium nanoparticles with a size of 5 nm were synthesized using 109Pd produced through neutron irradiation of natural palladium or enriched 108Pd. Unlike the 109Pd-cyclam complex where the daughter radionuclide diffuses away from the molecules, 109mAg remains within the nanoparticles after the decay of 109Pd. In vitro cell studies using radioactive 109Pd nanoparticles revealed that the nanoparticles accumulated inside cells, reaching around 50% total uptake. The 109Pd-PEG nanoparticles exhibited high cytotoxicity, even at low levels of radioactivity (6.25 MBq/mL), resulting in almost complete cell death at 25 MBq/mL. This cytotoxic effect was significantly greater than that of PdNPs labeled with β− (131I) and Auger electron emitters (125I). The metabolic viability of HCC cells was found to be correlated with cell DNA DSBs. Also successful radioconjugate anticancer activity was observed in three-dimensional tumor spheroids, resulting in a significant treatment response.
Conclusion
The results obtained indicate that nanoparticles labeled with 109Pd can be effectively used for combined β− - Auger electron targeted radionuclide therapy of HCC. Due to the decay of both components (β− and Auger electrons), the 109Pd/109mAg in-vivo generator presents a unique potential in this field.
Artificial intelligence for system security assurance: A systematic literature review
Authors: Wen Shao-Fang , Shukla Ankur , Katt Basel
Published: July 2024

System Security Assurance (SSA) has emerged as a critical methodology for organizations to verify the trustworthiness of their systems by evaluating security measures against industry standards, legal requirements, and best practices to identify any weakness and demonstrate compliance. In recent years, the role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing cybersecurity has received increased attention, with an increasing number of literature reviews highlighting its diverse applications. However, there remains a significant gap in comprehensive reviews that specifically address the integration of AI within SSA frameworks. This systematic literature review seeks to fill this research gap by assessing the current state of AI in SSA, identifying key areas where AI contributes to improve SSA processes, highlighting the limitations of current methodologies, and providing the guidance for future advancements in the field of AI-driven SSA.
Detecting Unknown Vulnerabilities in Smart Contracts with the CNN-BiLSTM Model
Authors: Gu Wanyi , Wang Guojun , Li Peiqiang , Zhai Guangxin , Li Xubin
Published: July 2024

Smart contracts, fundamental to blockchain technology, are extensively utilized in diverse fields such as finance, supply chain management, and beyond. Nevertheless, their capability to handle significant transactions and their unchangeable nature, once deployed, bring about substantial risks, potentially leading to severe security breaches and financial losses. Unfortunately, existing research primarily focuses on known vulnerabilities, leaving the realm of unknown vulnerabilities largely unexplored. This article aims to address this gap by introducing an innovative approach that capitalizes on the similarities between known and unknown vulnerabilities. We propose a groundbreaking CNN-BiLSTM model meticulously designed to identify features of known vulnerabilities and employ them to detect unknown vulnerabilities. Our innovative methodology intricately gathers opcode sequences generated during smart contract execution using Geth instrumentation and meticulously analyzes them. Rigorous experiments validate the effectiveness of the model in detecting unknown vulnerabilities. This innovative approach represents a significant advancement in blockchain security by providing proactive measures to strengthen smart contract security against potential threats.
Investigation on the Vibration Induced by Rotary Shaft Seal Condition in a Centrifugal Pump
Authors: Zou Jiamin , Han Yuejiang , Fan Yakun , Luo Yin , Wang Chao
Published: July 2024

When the centrifugal pump is working, if its rotary shaft seal suffers from wear, deformation, thermal cracking and other failures, it will have adverse effects on the system. Employing theoretical and experimental analysis approaches, this study investigates the vibration properties of centrifugal pumps under various states of rotary shaft seals. The aim is to discern rotary shaft seal faults and assess the operational status of the centrifugal pump system. The vibration signal is collected, and the EMD-AR spectrum of the vibration signal is drawn through normalization, window function, anti-aliasing filter, EMD, and AR model establishment. The findings indicate a reduction in both the head and efficiency of the centrifugal pump as the rotary shaft seal experiences failure. The head is notably more affected by this occurrence; To ensure minimal vibration and enhanced stability, it is advisable for centrifugal pumps to operate at design conditions or slightly higher flow rates, avoiding operation at low flow rates; Additionally, the amplitude of the EMD-AR spectrum in the vibration signal progressively increases with the intensification of rotary shaft seal failure. Consequently, the EMD-AR spectrum serves as a reliable indicator for diagnosing damage to the rotary shaft rotary shaft seal.
Repellent and acaricidal effects of the chlorfenapyr and acequinocyl on the predatory mites, Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Sehat-Niaki Navid , Golpaygani Azadeh Zahedi , Torabi Ehssan , Amiri-Besheli Behnam , Saboori Alireza
Published: July 2024

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a major pest of various plants with a worldwide distribution. Extensive use of chemical pesticides has led to the development of resistance in this pest, making biological control agents a viable alternative for its management. The predatory mites, Neoseiulus californicus McGregor and Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) are the most important predators of the two-spotted spider mites. In this study, the toxicity of two acaricides, chlorfenapyr and acequinocyl, on these predators was evaluated, and the walking behavior of predatory mites after exposure to residues of the pesticides was assessed using a video tracking system. While the LC50 of both acaricides was estimated to be higher than the field concentration, chlorfenapyr was found to be five times more toxic than acequinocyl. In the behavioral assay, both acaricides significantly affected the distance and speed of walking, resting time, and frequency of stops of both predatory mites. In the escape assay, both compounds had an irritable effect on both predatory mites, as the mites avoided areas contaminated with pesticide residues and their presence in the untreated area was significantly longer than in the contaminated area (P < 0.05). However, the study found no correlation between toxicity and repellency. According to the results of this study, N. californicus and P. persimilis possess the ability to detect the presence of pesticide residues in their environment and try to avoid them. Moreover, both compounds are at low risk to these mites, but acequinocyl is much safer and is a suitable option for using in integrated pest management.
Privacy-preserved visual SLAM based on a dual-component approach
Authors: Yang MingXu , Huang Xin , Huang ChuHua , Hou Shengjin
Published: July 2024

The edge-assisted visual simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) receives user images, and then estimates and returns 3D point clouds and camera poses. However, this process may lead to the leakage of user privacy, limiting the application of visual SLAM. To address this issue, we proposed a dual-component approach for visual SLAM that preserves privacy. Firstly, the privacy-sensitive area of input images underwent masking and inpainting using an image inpainting method. The method is based on object detection with multi-scale feature fusion and a two-stage image inpainting algorithm. Secondly, the output 3D point cloud was encrypted into a 3D line cloud, where each line underwent random orientation and length normalization. Experiments were conducted on the Oxford Robotcar and KITTI datasets to evaluate the privacy-preserving performance of the dual-component approach. We also assessed its impact on the pose estimation of visual SLAM. The results demonstrate that the approach effectively preserves privacy while ensuring the pose accuracy of visual SLAM.
Simulating Collusion: Challenging Conventional Estimation Methods
Authors: Bellert Nicole , Günster Andrea
Published: July 2024

The empirical literature in industrial economics relies on hazard rate models to estimate the probability of death and survival as well as to explain the duration of collusion. Estimations are based on detected and convicted offenses. Detected cartels are, however, a non-random sample of their population of collusive activity. We question whether hazard rate and linear estimation methods derive consistent unbiased estimators explaining collusion. We simulate collusive behavior of industries with different number of firms based on three classical models of collusion, additionally varying four variables of antitrust enforcement. It is the first easily amenable and amendable simulation tool for collusion. The simulation provides a ground-truth data set of undetected and detected cartels; a population and its sample. Applying hazard rate and linear models on the sample fails to deliver consistent unbiased estimates for the population. Controlling for sample and feature selection on the population of all potential offenders does not improve prediction. The use of average treatment effects and average duration bias shows to quantify the magnitude of any bias well; a solution for future research relying on detected cartel cases. JEL Classification: C13 , C63 , D43 , 43 , L41 , L44
Malaria and malaria-induced anaemia in G6PD deficient children in Jos Northcentral Nigeria
Authors: Okoli Caroline Amuche , Wamu Deborah Isaiah , Deffi Favour , Leshak Philip Dakwar
Published: July 2024

Background
Erythrocyte Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency and malaria are causes of anaemia, a major public health concern.
Objectives
The study aims to determine the prevalence of malaria and malaria-induced anaemia in G6PD deficient children.
Materials and Methods
Fifty-five children aged 1–5 years confirmed positive for malaria and 45 same age and sex matched children confirmed to be malaria negative by 30% Giemsa-stained thick blood film examination participated in the study. G6PD activity was determined using ICuBIO Ichaem-535 Chemistry Analyser. Data were analysed using SPSS version 27. p-value < 0.05 was considered significant.
Results
Fifty-five, out of the hundred study children were positive for malaria, 49 (49%) were G6PD deficient; 24 (43.6) of 55 malaria positive children were G6PD deficient, and 25 (55.6%) malaria negative children were G6PD deficient. Fifteen (53.6%) children positive for malaria were anaemic and 16(57.1%) of G6PD deficient children were anaemic. The prevalence of malaria-induced anaemia among the G6PD deficient children was 37.5%.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study showed a high prevalence of: G6PD deficiency (49%), malaria (55%), malaria in G6PD deficient children (43.6%) and malaria-induced anaemia among G6PD deficient children (37.5%) from Jos, North-Central Nigeria. In conclusion, our results suggest that there may be a need for inclusion of G6PD screening test as part of routine screening tests for neonates. This will help in early detection, awareness, prompt, accurate and focused treatment especially in acute hemolytic crisis. Understanding the prevalence of G6PD deficiency in other geographical regions of the country is recommended to inform the use of malaria intervention(s) such as primaquine, dapsone and other agents that induce acute haemolytic anaemia in G6PD deficient individuals.
Skillful multiyear predictability of forage, large pelagic and demersal fish biomass
Authors: Lim Hyung-Gyu , Petrik Colleen , Krumhardt Kristen , Chen Zhuomin , Long Matthew , Stock Charles , Park Jong-Yeon , Kim Eun-Young
Published: July 2024

With emergences of predictive skills in climate simulations, we currently stand at the horizon of being able to forecast marine ecosystems. However, the predicting high trophic levels from multiple biophysical bottom-up drivers remains understudied. Here, we evaluate the potential predictability of bottom-up biophysical drivers of fish in decadal Earth system model outcomes. Pelagic and bottom temperatures show approximately 6- and 10-year predictability compared to mesozooplankton and particulate organic carbon flux, about 1 and 2 years globally. We further examine fish biomass predictability using a spatially explicit mechanistic model for three fish functional types. Fish biomass demonstrates skillful predictability within 2 years globally, extended regionally for more years. In select marine ecosystems, forage fishes (anomaly correlation coefficient: r ~ 0.8), large pelagics (r ~ 0.9), and demersals (r ~ 0.8) are predictable in multiyear. These findings expand on prior research, shedding light on developing operational forecasts of living marine resources.
Programmable Light-Induced Carbene Generation for On Demand Chemical Synthesis: Introducing DigiChemTree
Authors: Singh Ajay , Rana Abhilash , Chauhan Ruchi , Mottafegh Amirreza , Kim Dong-Pyo
Published: July 2024

The reproducibility of chemical reactions, when obtaining protocols from literature or databases, is highly challenging for academicians, industry professionals and even now for the machine learning process. To synthesize the organic molecule under the photochemical condition, several years for the reaction optimization, highly skilled manpower, long reaction time etc. are needed, resulting in non-affordability and slow down the research and development. Herein, we have introduced the DigiChemTree backed with the artificial intelligence to auto-optimize the photochemical reaction parameter and synthesizing the on demand library of the molecules in ultra-fast manner. Newly, auto-generated digital code was further tested for the late stage functionalization of the various active pharmaceutical ingredient.
The Prevalence of Generalized Anxiety Disorder Among Adolescent Girls: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Suleiman Mawadda , Tabbaa Rania , Latifa Youssef
Published: July 2024

Introduction:
Anxiety disorders share a fundamental element: an unrealistic sense of anxiety that diminishes or hinders an individual’s productivity in life. The essential component of anxiety is a strong negative emotion arising from the anticipation of danger. The pathways connecting the brainstem, amygdala, and relevant subcortical structures to decision-making areas in the frontal lobes contribute to generating fear in response to threats. Often, disrupted anxiety levels are accompanied by abnormalities in the activation of these pathways. Proper diagnosis relies on documenting anxiety symptoms that are not attributable to depressive disorders, according to the diagnostic criteria for generalized anxiety disorder. The most effective treatment for generalized anxiety disorder may involve a combination of psychotherapy, medication, and supportive interventions.
Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 500 female patients. We obtained a written consent from all patients in the group. Personal information, demographics, and symptoms were collected. The study excluded patients who didn’t complete the questionnaire. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Board (IRB) of the Faculty of Medicine in the Syrian Private University. A statistical analysis was performed using SPSS-25. Chai square test was used to study the relation among variables. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically relevant.
Results:
The severity of Generalized Anxiety Disorder varied among the females who participated in the study as such: 2.6% had light GAD, 14.8% were moderately affected, 19% were severely affected, and 63.3% were very severely affected.
Zwitterion as Ionic Liquid Crystals for Ionic Charges Carrier as Electrolytes media of Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Labeeb Ahmad M.
Published: July 2024

Developing innovative ionic liquid crystals for energy storage applications has drawn much attention recently, with a high possibility of getting high-potential materials for the advanced energy storage industry. Ionic Liquid Crystalline Materials provide exceptional ionic conductivity and thermal stability as a special family of materials that are well-suited for application in advanced energy storage technologies. In order to enhance these innovative materials' practical application in next-generation energy storage technologies, this research attempts to investigate their basic characteristics, structure, and liquid crystalline performance for one of these kinds of materials. By examining the potential of innovative ionic liquid crystals as effective and sustainable energy storage solutions, this study aims to add to the expanding corpus of knowledge in the field of energy storage a new material that owns charge mobilities in energy storage devices. Cyclic voltammetry techniques showed that this ionic liquid crystal exhibits mesomorphic behavior and typical zwitterion features. Lithium ions have been added to certain materials to increase their ionic conductivity and stability.
Severe obesity induces growth of muscle mass
Authors: Dahlmann Nicolaus , Klingmüller Dietrich
Published: July 2024

Background: Obesity is associated with functional limitations in muscle performance. Current evidence demonstrating the effect of obesity on muscle quality is limited. The true effect of obesity upon skeletal muscle mass, including any interactions with ageing effects, remains to be elucidated. The present study investigates the impact of obesity on the stimulation of muscle growth.
Methods: A data set of 44 severely obese men and 64 women were analysed. All subjects had a BMI ≥29.7 kg/m². Body weight (Wt), body height (Ht), hand circumference (HdC) and the circumference of the waist (WC) were measured and processed by the Dahlmann-Body Analysis (DBA) system. The result is the amount of skeletal muscle mass (SMM, kg). Association between weight variables and BMI were analysed by linear regression analysis. The slope of the regression line was tested to be significant by t-test. The goodness of fit is assessed by coefficient of determination (R²) and the standard error of the estimate (SEE). Significance of determination coefficient between variables are tested by F-test. Muscle mass data are compared with DXA derived equations estimating the appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST). Mean values of these findings are tested by ANOVA
Results: Age ranged between 18 and 72 years. All subjects had a BMI ≥ 29.7 (kg/m²). The mean values of ΔSMM as an estimate of muscle mass increase calculated by the DBA-system were 11.8 ±3.6 kg for men and 8.9 ±2.6 kg for women, respectively, demonstrating a linear, significantly rising relationship to BMI (ß > 0, p<0.001) and a low variance between both parameters. The comparison of DBA calculated muscle mass data with DXA derived equations estimating ALST revealed satisfactory results. Relation between age and the increase of muscle mass adjusted for height (ΔSMMI, kg/m²) was not significantly different from zero.
Conclusion: The DBA model is obviously reliable to predict SMM. Based on these data, the study revealed for the first time that obesity stimulates muscle growth in a linear manner. A decrease of muscle mass over age could not be demonstrated for our study population. The current study provides another step on the roadmap to develop the DBA model as a tool in public health in relation to management of obesity and sarcopenia.