bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media Practices and Forced Migration: Trust Online and Offline
Authors: Graf Heike
Published: June 2018

This article explores the relationship between online and offline practices in the special case of forced migration. By applying a central category in social relations, trust/distrust as developed by Niklas Luhmann, this article contributes to the understanding of forced migration in the digital age. It presupposes that, without a strategy of trust, it would be almost impossible to cope with situations of unfamiliarity and uncertainty. By interviewing refugees, the question is in what contexts the refugee recognizes that they can trust (or not). The article concludes that through the combination of on- and offline communication practices, more varied mechanisms for the creation and stabilization of trust are provided. In contexts of unfamiliarity, interpersonal relations with the native inhabitants play an important role in bridging online and offline worlds.
Media and Communication between the Local and the Global
Authors: Gustafsson Jessica , Polynczuk-Alenius Kinga
Published: June 2018

This editorial introduces the thematic issue of “Media and Communication between the Local and the Global”. It does so first by presenting the origin of this thematic issue: the Media, Globalization and Social Change division at the NordMedia 2017 conference. The thematic issue is then anchored theoretically through discussion of the widely conceived notion of mediation as a technological, symbolic and ethical process―highlighting the interest in how media actors and communication technologies, practices and artefacts mediate between global phenomena and local contexts, which is what unites the contributions to this thematic issue. Last, the final section of this editorial introduces the articles, which coalesce around three broad themes: migration, marginalised communities, and consumption.
Gravity Models in R
Authors: Wölwer Anna-Lena , Breßlein Martin , Burgard Jan Pablo
Published: June 2018

Gravity models are used to explain bilateral flows related to the sizes of bilateral partners, a measure of distance between them and other influences on interaction costs. The underlying idea is rather simple. The greater the masses of two bodies and the smaller the distance between them, the stronger they attract each other. This concept is applied to several research topics such as trade, migration or foreign direct investment. Even though the basic idea of gravity models is rather simple, they can become very complex when it comes to the choice of models or estimation methods. The package \textbf{gravity} targets to provide \proglang{R} users with the functions necessary to execute the most common estimation methods for gravity models, especially for cross-sectional data.

 

Gravitätsmodelle werden verwendet, um bilaterale Ströme zu erklären. Dabei werden sowohl die Größen und die Distanz der jeweiligen Partner als auch weitere Einflussfaktoren zur Erklärung herangezogen. Die zugrundeliegende Idee dieser Modelle beruht auf dem Gravitätsprinzip. Je schwerer zwei Körper und je kleiner deren Distanz zueinander, desto stärker ist ihre gegenseitige Anziehungskraft. Dieses Konzept wird auf verschiedene Forschungsreiche angewendet, so zum Beispiel Handel, Migration und ausländische Direktinvestitionen. Auch wenn die zugrundeliegende Idee von Gravitätsmodellen eher einfach ist, so kann deren Schätzung je nach Wahl des zugrundegelegten ökonomischen Zusammenhangs komplex werden. Das Paket \textbf{gravity} ermöglicht es \proglang{R}-Nutzern die gängigsten Verfahren für Gravitätsmodelle in der Querschnittsanalyse zu verwenden.
PORTAL VENOUS GAS – RARE DIAGNOSTIC SIGN OF ABDOMINAL COMPARTMENT-SYNDROME
Authors: Ivanova A V. , Shukevich D. L. , Radivilko A. S. , Grigoryev E. V.
Published: June 2018

Portal venous gas in adults is associated with the development of abdominal compartment syndrome and can be used as a probable ultrasound diagnostic criterion. The case presents a patient aged 46 years after orthotopic heart transplant who developer abdominal syndrome in the intensive care unit postoperatively. Portal venous gas was a random finding during routine abdominal cavity ultrasound examination. Portal venous gas is a prognostically unfavorable sign. The early diagnosis can reduce the associated risk of death. Routine use of bedside ultrasound allows timely and accurately determining the presence of portal venous gas.
IN VITRO ACTIVITY OF BIOACTIVE MOLECULES INCORPORATED INTO POLY (3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE-CO-3-HYDROXYVALERATE)/ POLY(ε-CAPROLACTONE) SCAFFOLDS
Authors: Antonova L. V. , Matveeva V. G. , Velikanova E. A. , Khanova M. Y. , Sevostyanova V. V. , Tsepokina A. V. , Elgudin Ya. L. , Barbarash L. S.
Published: June 2018

Background We fabricated biodegradable, bioactive scaffolds to guide the differentiation of endothelial progenitor cells. Aim To study in vitro activity of the bioactive factors incorporated into the poly (3-hydroxubutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PHBV/PCL) scaffolds. Methods Nonwoven scaffolds were blended of PHBV and PCL utilizing either separate or combined incorporation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) by emulsion electrospinning. We further studied adhesion, viability, and proliferation of EA.hy 926 endothelial cells cultured on these scaffolds and evaluated vasculogenesis, cell index, and secretory profile in response to the addition of abovementioned bioactive factors. Results We showed that VEGF, bFGF, and SDF-1α retain their bioactivity upon the incorporation into the PHBV/PCL scaffolds. Scaffolds with all three bioactive factors incorporated demonstrated superior performance in comparison with those containing any of these factors alone. Diffusion of the bioactive factors into the culture medium stimulated the secretion of interleukin-10, and VE-cadherin by endothelial cells that indicated anti-inflammatory response and tight intercellular junctions. We also detected the low level of secreted VEGF-A from the scaffolds with VEGF suggestive of its physiological regulation. Conclusion Bioactive factors retain their bioactivity upon the incorporation into the PHBV/ PCL scaffolds. Combination of VEGF, bFGF, and SDF-1a improves cellular response compared to the incorporation of any of these factors alone.
Factorial Validity of Teacher and School Counselor Support Scales in Latina/o Students
Authors: Karaman Mehmet Akif , Cavazos Vela Javier , Lu Ming-Tsan Pierre
Published: June 2018

In the current study, we investigated the psychometric properties of
two meaningful measures of support from teachers and school counselors among
Latina/o students. Examining factorial stability with diverse populations is
important to make sure that measures provide valid information about
constructs of teacher or counselor support. While researchers have provided
evidence of reliability (i.e., consistency), no study has examined validity
(e.g., accuracy) of Teacher Support Scale Revised (TSSR) with Latina/o students.
Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses (CFA and EFA) methods were used
to evaluate structural validity of the TSSR and School Counselor Support Scale
(SCSS). Two different models of the TSSR were analyzed. Findings from multiple
CFAs showed that five-factor 22-item of the TSSR had an acceptable model fit.
A parallel analysis and EFA were run to determine the factorial structure of
the SCSS. Findings indicated that the SCSS had three factors explaining 68% of
the variance in the model. The results and implications for research and
practice in Latina/o students were discussed
Lipoilcarnosine: synthesis, study of physico-chemical and antioxidant properties, biological activity
Authors: Stvolinsky S.L. , Antonova N.A. , Kulikova O.I. , Lopachev A.V. , Abaimov D.A. , Al-Baidani I. , Lopacheva O.M. , Fedorova T.N. , Kaplun A.P. , Sorokoumova G.M.
Published: July 2018

Synthesis of lipoilcarnosine (LipC) – a conjugated molecule based on two natural antioxidants, carnosine and a-lipoic acid, is described. Its physico-chemical, antioxidant properties and biological activity are characterized. According to reversed-phase HPLC with a UV detector, purity of the final product was 89.3%. The individuality of the obtained sodium salt of LipC was confirmed by tandem HPLC-mass spectrometry. High resistance of LipC to hydrolysis with serum carnosinase was demonstrated. The antioxidant activity of LipC measured by reaction with the formation of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances and kinetic parameters of iron-induced chemiluminescence was higher than that of carnosine and lipoic acid. LipC did not affect viability of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma culture cells, differentiated towards the dopaminergic type, at concentrations not exceeding 5 mM. At the concentration range of 0.1-0.25 mM LipC protected neuronal cells against 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP + )-induced toxicity.
Primary screening of substances-photosensibilizers of the bacteriochlorin range for photodynamic therapy of malignant neoplasms
Authors: Plotnikova E.A. , Grin M.A. , Ostroverkhov P.V. , Pantushenko I.V. , Yakubovskaya R.I. , Kaprin A.D.
Published: July 2018

This paper presents a primary screening of bacteriochlorin-type compounds with aminoamide, propyl and carbohydrate substituents aimed for development a new generation photosensitizers (PS) for photodynamic therapy of malignant tumors. Absorption and fluorescence spectral characteristics of the compounds, their storage stability in solutions under dark conditions and light exposure, photo-induced and dark cytotoxicity against human HEp2 tumor cells have been studied. It has been shown that the dyes with aminoamide substituents have an absorbtion maximum at 754±2 nm in the long wavelength region and they are not stable during storage (the specific fluorescence intensity decreased by 33-56% during 24 hours). The long wavelength region absorption of the propyl and carbohydrate substituted compounds varied in the range 780-831 nm, they were stable in solutions during storage and under light irradiation. Except the dye with a carbohydrate residue in the exocycle E, all PS exhibited the high photo-induced activity and low level of the dark cytotoxicity. The highest photo-induced cytotoxicity was observed for compounds with aminoamide substituents inthe macrocyclic ring (IC 50 values ranged from 17 nM to49 nM after 2 hour incubation with PS followed by exposure to the 10 J/cm 2 dose of red light). Taking into account the totality of the physico-chemical and biological properties, as well as manufacturability of production, O-propyloxime-N-propoxybacteriopurinimide methyl ester was chosen as the most promising candidate compound for further investigations.
EXERGO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MICROCHANNELS IN SINGLE-PHASE FLOW
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Mehmed Rafet
Published: June 2018

With the increase of energy demand, many researchers tried to develop scientific approaches in order to design more efficient and environmentally friendly energy systems. Exergo-economic (thermoeconomic) analysis of a system or device is an efficient tool for evaluating the system in terms of the thermodynamic and economic aspects. In this parametric study, exergo-economic analysis of rectangular copper plain microchannels under single-phase flow conditions were investigated using de-ionised water. The exergo-economic performance was evaluated based on the relative cost difference and unit cost per product exergy tools. The channel aspect ratio effect on the unit cost per product exergy and relative cost difference was examined using three microchannel test sections with the same channel hydraulic diameter (Dh = 0.56 mm) and length (L = 62 mm) but different aspect ratios (β = 0.5, 2.56 and 4.94) under single-phase flow conditions. The results showed that the exergo-economic performances of the three microchannel test sections decreased as the net heat input increased over the experimental range. Moreover, the exergo-economic performance of test section 2 (β = 4.94) was found to be greater than the exergo-economic performances of test sections 1 and 3 (β = 0.5 and 2.56) at fixed flow rate and fixed net heat input case.
Correlations between clinical features and CD4 cell count in HIV patients with tuberculosis
Authors: K. Bariha P. , C. Karua P. , M. Tudu K.
Published: June 2018

Background: The correlation between tuberculosis and HIV is evident from the higher incidents of tuberculosis estimated 5-8% per year among HIV infected person with lesser CD4cell count. The high seroprevalence with tuberculosis in occurrence among AIDS patients.Methods: 100 HIV positive patients with tuberculosis who were admitted to medicine department and who visited to ARTS center were taken up for study for period of two years from December 2014 to 2016. Type of study is a observational comparative cross sectional study The investigation for HIV and TB were done as per NACO and WHO recommendation ELISA test CD4 cell counts AFB staining chest X-ray FNAC Mountoux test pleural fluid analysis Ascitic fluid analysis CSF fluid analysis USG of thorax CT scan of thorax.Results: It is seen that the maximum number of patients belong to the age group 31-40 years male 40 (40%) and female 4(4%) the common occupation in the study group was driver 36 (36%) the common constitutional symptom was weight loss physical examination reveal underweight (BMI <16-18.5) 54 (54%) among the study extra-pulmonary TB 63 (63%) X-ray chest finding pleural effusion found in 21% of patients CD4 cell counts 200-500 /µl was seen maximum number of patients.Conclusions: The CD4cell counts is important investigation in HIV and TB patients it is main investigation to know prognosis of HIV also important for initiation of ARV drugs.it is evident from this study the decrease the CD4cell counts there is increase the incidence of tuberculosis.
A prospective study of electrocardiographic and echocardiographic changes in patients with cerebrovascular accidents
Authors: Devarapu Chandrababu , S. Lokesh
Published: June 2018

Background: Cerebrovascular accident also called as stroke is defined as the sudden onset of neurological deficit that can be attributable to a focal vascular cause. Many studies in the past have demonstrated the fact that neurological abnormalities produce Electrocardiographic changes without any underlying cardiac lesions. Present study is done to analyze different changes in Electrocardiogram and echocardiographic patterns in the cases of cerebrovascular accidents and to assess whether these different changes have got any prognostic significance in these patients.Methods: In this study 100 patients of acute stroke admitted between May 2011 to August 2012 in Vydehi institute of medical sciences and research centre were considered and subjected to CT scan of brain, Electrocardiogram and 2D echocardiography within 24 hours of admission. Follow-up was done within the hospital to know the prognosis of all the patients.Results: Out of 100 patients majority of them had ischemic stroke accounting for 80% and remaining 20% of patients had haemorrhagic stroke. Abnormal Electrocardiographic changes were seen in 64% patients and 58% patients showed abnormal Echocardiography. ECG changes seen are Tachycardia, QTc prolongation, T wave inversion, ST depression, U waves and Bradycardia. Commonly seen echocardiographic changes were LV dysfunction, mitral valve abnormality, aortic valve abnormality. Overall mortality in patients with abnormal ECG was 28.12% compared to 11.11% in patients with normal ECG and it was statistically not significant. Overall mortality in patients with abnormal 2D echocardiography was 31.03% compared to patients with normal 2D Echocardiography which was 4.76% and it was statistically significant.Conclusions: From this study we conclude that ECG abnormalities in stroke patients do not have any prognostic significance. But LV dysfunction has prognostic significance in predicting mortality in cerebrovascular accident.
Arapkirli Hüseyin Avni’de Bilgi, Bilginin Kaynakları ve Değeri
Authors: Bozkurt Mustafa
Published: June 2018

Osmanlının son dönemleri ve Cumhuriyetin ilk yıllarında değişik eğitim kurumlarında kelam ilmi dersleri veren Arapkirli Hüseyin Avni, Mâtürîdî gelenekten gelmesine rağmen Eş’ari geleneğin önemli bir kolu olan felsefî-kelamın da son dönem önemli temsilcilerindendir. Bu çalışmada Hüseyin Avni’nin bilgi anlayışı, kendi eserleri temel alınarak ortaya konulmaya çalışılmıştır.Hüseyin Avni,  yapılan birçok bilgi tanımını eleştirmiştir. Mâtürîdî’ye ait olan tanımın güzel bir tanım olduğunu vurgulamıştır.  Kendisi ise bilgi ile ilgili bir tanım denemesi yapmamıştır. Daha ziyade felsefe kelam tartışmalarının ve birbirlerine karşı reddiyelerin gündeme getirildiği tehâfüt geleneğine benzer bir bilgi tasnifi yapmaktadır.Bilginin kaynakları konusunda kelam geleneğine tam bir bağlılıkla bilginin kaynaklarının üç olduğunu belirtir. Bunların duyular, haber ve akıl olduğunu söyler. Bu kaynakların her birinin ayrı alanla ilgili bilgiler getirdiğini ve bu bilgilerin güvenilebilir kesin bilgiler olduğunu söyler. Duyuları tek tek ele alan Hüseyin Avni, kelamcıların kabul ettiği beş dış duyunun yanında İslam Filozoflarının kabul ettiği beş iç duyuya da yer vererek felsefî kelamın izlerini yansıtmaktadır. Haber konusuna özellikle de doğru haber konusuna değinerek resulün haberi ile daha ziyade hadisleri kastettiğini görmekteyiz. İlhamın sübjektif oluşu dolayısıyla kelamda delil olamayacağını belirtirken akıl hususunda hem kelamcıların hem de filozofların kabullerine yer vermektedir.
The Error Analysis on the Students of English Department Speaking Scripts
Authors: Rini Setia
Published: July 2018

Speaking skill is different from writing skill. Writing is a formal skill, soas a writer he or she must be consistently follow the formal procedures.It is different from the speaking skill which doesn‘t so strict inaccommodating the formal rules. The Writing of script at Speaking 2lecture is the focus of this study because the scripts are presented afterthey prepare for having conversation. Through writing the speakingscript the students learn carefully of khow to deliver a conversationpurposefully and use the language features correctly even in oralcommunication. Moreover, in speaking they are able to convey theirfeeling, emotion and thought. The purposes of this study are to know thekind of grammatical errors made by the students of the EnglishDepartment in writing their speaking scripts and the sources of studentsin making error in writing the speaking scripts. The researcher takes thesubjects of students of the second semester of the English DepartmentSTAIN Salatiga in academic year of 2012/2013 as they took Speaking 2subject. And to collect the data the researcher used test anddocumentation. The result of this study explains that the writer analyzedthe errors made by the students included the use of grammatical rules,vocabulary choice by implementing error analysis. In addition, the errors are analyzed such as the use of preposition, subject pronoun, objectpronoun, verbs and nouns, irregular verbs, tenses, pronouns andpossessive case, word choice, writing questions, and conditionalsentence.Keywords: error analysis ; Speaking skills ; writing and script
Effectiveness of EU Regional Policy: Evidence from a Natural Experiment in Finland
Authors: Vehkasalo Ville
Published: July 2018

European Union regional policy is implemented through structural funds, such as the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), which support investment in peripheral regions of the EU. We studied the effects of EU regional policy on key economic variables using a rare natural experiment setting. In 2007, parts of regions that were previously covered by the ERDF programme for Western Finland were reallocated to the ERDF programme for Northern Finland, with higher support intensity per capita. This area reallocation was caused by the newly adopted EU legislation regulating the classification of regional statistical areas. With a detailed postal code area dataset and a difference-in-differences estimator, we discovered desirable regional policy effects on unemployment and the number of jobs.
Education Management and Information System (EMIS) for Public Elementary Schools
Authors: Enteria Odinah Cuartero , Role Mylene Samuel
Published: July 2018

Educational Management Information System (EMIS) in Public Elementary School

 

Abstract - The study was conducted to determine the extent of effectiveness on the implementation of Education Management Information System (EMIS) as part of educational management functions in public elementary schools of Surigao Del Sur Philippines. Descriptive survey method using a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The respondents of the study were nine selected public elementary schools from the three clusters of Surigao Del Sur Division.

Findings revealed that from the eight (8) modules of EMIS, Pupil MIS received the highest mean while Finance MIS obtained the least as to the implementation of EMIS Modules. Planning and monitoring were found to be high as to the level of effectiveness of EMIS in public elementary schools. The study concludes that most of the public schools in Surigao Del Sur Division, regardless with its type, effectively implements EMIS Modules. However, Finance MIS requires further enrichment on planning, implementation, and evaluation. Hence, the study recommends strengthening of EMIS modules particularly on Finance MIS and establishment of sustainable EMIS by sharing the best practices in implementing the EMIS of the different schools.

 

Keywords:   Educational Management Information System (EMIS), EMIS Modules,

EMIS Implementation, EMIS Effectiveness, School Performance
Influence of ethical behavior on Corporate Governance of firm’s performance in Ghana.
Authors: Kwakye Obeng , Yusheng Kong , Ayamba Emmanuel Caesar , Osei Andrew Agyemang
Published: July 2018

This study aims at analyzing the influence which ethical behavior has on the corporate governance of firm’s performance in Ghana. The existing of ethical issues in business organizations and the general code of conduct which these companies are supposed to follow has brought about the need for researchers to assess their implications to the management of these firms. The findings in this study are essential in acknowledging the impact of ethical behavior on the management of the organization. This study has given us an in-depth understanding of the effects of ethical attributes such as ethical leadership and corporate governance to the overall financial development and performance of firms in Ghana
Legal Consensus as to Embargo Claims; an Investigative Study
Authors: Jayalath Chandana
Published: July 2018

Certain political sanctions have been recently imposed against Qatar by Bahrain, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Given the fact that Qatar is very busy constructing a number of projects in preparation for the FIFA World Cup in 2022, it’s unsurprising that the Quantity Surveyors have had some requests for advice from contractors whose operations in Qatar have been affected by the sanctions and who are looking for a means of claiming extension of time and/or damages. Equitable principles codified in the Qatar Civil Law include the requirement for parties to a contract to conduct themselves "consistent with the dictates of good faith" and an implied duty of the employer to cooperate with its contractors and not to delay or prevent their contract performance. Furthermore, where a contractor has suffered excessive losses arising from exceptional events the contractor may be able to raise an exceptional event's argument pursuant to Article 171 of the Qatar Civil Law, and if successful, the approach is to reduce the contractor's burdensome obligation to a reasonable limit after balancing the interests of the parties. This paper is to explore the legal consensus pertaining the embargo in Qatar using civil codified law provisions, standard forms of contracts for public works and the author’s firsthand experience in drafting and review of claims on embargo.
Developing Small Towns as a Panacea to Poverty Reduction in Nigeria: A Focus on Itam And Ikot Ekpene in Akwaibom State, Nigeria
Authors: George Atelhe Atelhe, , Benyin Adah Akande, , Eyo Peter
Published: July 2018

Nigeria’s economic development has most times been centred on promoting the expansion and growth of major cities in the country, while relegating the small towns to the background. Much attention has not been placed on rehabilitating and providing better living conditions for inhabitants of small towns.  This has resulted in the continuous influx of goods and services into bigger cities, with the aim of finding greener pastures. This incidence invariably brings about overpopulation problems as encountered in these cities. Most of the poverty incidence experienced in Nigeria is often times situated in small towns where there are high level of income inequality and illiteracy. It is against this background the paper adopts a textual analysis to ascertain the rate of poverty incurred in small towns as a result of rural-urban migration. The paper also establishes the facts that developmental incentives in small towns is a panacea for equal development across the unit of the country. From the evidence in the paper, it is recommended that one way to reduce the poverty rate anchors on the need for government to ensure that measures for allocation of public investment across different sized urban agglomerations should be implemented selectively based on landmass so as to avoid over-crowding.
Estudo de Conversores Estáticos Ca-ca Monofásicos e Trifásicos Baseados no Princípio do Capacitor Chaveado
Authors: Vecchia Mauricio Dalla , Lazzarin Telles Brunelli , Barbi Ivo
Published: July 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma célula básica bidirecional a capacitor chaveado para a conversão direta CA-CA. A partir desta célula são discutidas duas topologias CA-CA, uma monofásica e outra trifásica, e proposta uma terceira topologia CA-CA trifásica com número de interruptores reduzido, denominada delta-aberto. Essas topologias utilizam apenas capacitores e interruptores no estágio de potência, apresentam ganho fixo, operam em malha aberta, com valores constantes de razão cíclica e frequência, apresentam alta eficiência e elevada densidade de potência, típicas características de capacitores chaveados. A principal vantagem das topologias abordadas é a não utilização de elementos indutivos no circuito de potência, o que reduz significativamente o volume e peso da estrutura. Os conversores são adequados para a implementação de transformadores eletrônicos e possuem potencial para substituir o autotransformador em aplicações residenciais, comerciais e industriais. Estudo, análise e comprovação experimental são apresentados para os seguintes conversores: monofásico de 1 kW, trifásico de 6 kW e trifásico com conexão delta-aberto de 3,5 kW, todos para 220 V/110 V. As topologias operam com uma frequência de comutação de 100 kHz. Resultados experimentais expressivos, como eficiência em torno de 93 % em plena carga, são apresentados e comprovam o potencial de aplicação das topologias.
Analisis kebutuhan anak usia dasar dan Implikasinya dalam penyelenggaraan pendidikan
Authors: Andesta Dian
Published: July 2018

Manusia, sebagai makhluk hidup dan makhluk sosial, memiliki kebutuhan dasar yang mesti terpenuhi agar dapat bertahan hidup dan memperoleh kehidupan  yang nyaman, senang dan sejahtera, tak terkecuali anak usia dasar. Kebutuhan anak usia dasar (6-12 tahun) berbeda dengan kebutuhan anak remaja dan orang dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan anak usia dasar dan implikasinya terhadap penyelenggaraan pendidikan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif jenis library research.  Berdasarkan hasil analisis, kebutuhan anak usia dasar  meliputi enam aspek yaitu, Pertama kebutuhan fisiologis seperti makanan, minuman, wahana permainan dan sebagainya. Kedua, kebutuhan perlindungan dan rasa aman seperti lingkungan yang asri, aman dan damai. Ketiga, kebutuhan akan rasa kasih sayang dan perhatian. Keempat, kebutuhan akan penghargaan atas segala tindakan atau prestasi. Kelima, kebutuhan aktualisasi diri seperti menunjukan kemampuan (ability)  atau bakat  (talent) yang dimiliki.  Keenam yaitu kebutuhan akan rasa sukses. Setiap individu dan tingkatan usia anak memiliki level kebutuhan yang berbeda-beda, dikarenakan adanya perbedaan faktor usia, fisik, psikologi, keturunan dan lingkungan. Kebutuhan anak usia dasar sangat berkaitan dengan proses pendidikan anak. Pada usia dasar, anak memiliki kemampuan berifkir dan bergerak yang masih terbatas. Anak juga memiliki sifat yang egois, keras kepala, manja dan sensitif yang masih sangat tinggi. Hematnya, sebagai pihak eksternal,  orang tua, guru maupun orang dewasa mesti memahami tingkat kebutuhan dan karakter anak, supaya tidak terjadi kesalahan dalam mendidik dan mengajar dalam rangka membentuk pribadi anak yang beriman, cerdas dan berkarakter.
Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter Di Min Se Kodya Palembang
Authors: Astuti Mardiah , Husni Miftahul , Tastin Tastin
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini berjudul Implementasi Pendidikan Karakter di MIN se-Kota palembang. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah (1) nilai-nilai karakter apa saja yang ditanamkan di MIN se-Kota Palembang? (2) Bagaimana proses implementasi pendidikan karakter di MIN se-Kota Palembang?

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, yakni metode yang bertujuan untuk membuat gambaran atau lukisan secara sisitematis, faktual dan akurat. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini  diperoleh melalui teknik catat dan teknik wawancara. Data diperoleh berdasarkan dokumentasi, observasi, dan wawancara.  Hasil penelitian disajikan dalam bentuk uraian tabel/matrik dan bagan dengan disertai  contoh-contoh pada setiap uraian temuan.

Adapun hasil penelitian berdasarkan menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai karakter yang dikembangkan di MIN I dan MIN II Palembang adalah 18 nilai karakter, sebagaimana yang telah dirumuskan oleh pemerintah. Implementasi pendidikan karakter yang terdapat di MIN I dan MIN II palembang meliputi sebagai berikut. 1) Implementasi pendidikan karakter di MIN I Palembang dilakukan atau dilaksanakan dengan 4 proses antara lain: a) implementasi melalui proses pembiasaan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar, b) implementasi melalui proses pembiasaan pada kegiatan, budaya dan lingkungan sekolah/madrasah, c). implementasi melalui proses pembiasan pada kegiatan-kegiatan ekstrakurikuler, d). implementasi pendidikan karakter melalui kegiatan sholawat. Kemudian, (2) Proses implementasi pendidikan karakter di MIN II Palembang  dilakukan atau dilaksanakan dengan 4 komponen, antara lain: a) implementasi/penanaman nilai melalui pembelajaran, b) implementasi/penanaman nilai melalui kegiatan madrasah, c) implementasi/penanaman nilai melalui pembelajaran ekstrakurikuler, d) implementasi melalui budaya dan lingkungan madrasah.
Pioderma Gangrenoso em Doente com Colite Ulcerosa
Authors: Valejo Coelho Margarida Moura , Fernandes Cândida
Published: July 2018

N/A.
A Nova Prova Nacional de Seriação
Authors: Ribeiro João Carlos , Villanueva Tiago
Published: July 2018

N/A.
Água: um olhar feminino
Authors: Souza-Fernandes Luciana Cordeiro
Published: July 2018

O presente trabalho traça um panorama da questão da água e a participação da mulher no cuidado com este bem da vida, numa luta diária como provedora ou guerreira para levar a sua família o acesso a este direito fundamental.
As Cortes Internacionais e a proteção das águas
Authors: Molino Fernanda Brusa
Published: July 2018

Neste trabalho será apresentado o estudo das legislações internacionais que efetivam a proteção do meio ambiente e dos recursos hídricos para discorrer sobre a importância da proteção das águas no cenário internacional fazendo uso de relatórios e estudos científicos de entidades internacionais relacionadas àsNações Unidas, de modo a destacar a relevância da proteção das águas como direito humano e demonstrando sua presença em casos de Cortes Internacionais.
Mulheres pescam, sim: pesca artesanal continental em Porto Said, Botucatu [SP]
Authors: Balsalobre Berenice Pereira , Annibelli Mariana Baggio , Athias Isadora Balsalobre
Published: July 2018

Apesar da negação histórica e do descaso do poder público, as mulheres pescadoras de Porto Said, às margens da represa da Usina Hidrelétrica -UHE Barra Bonita, no Rio Tietê, SP, existem sim. Elas praticam pesca profissional artesanal e mantém uma relação de identificação e afeto pelo Rio Tietê. Vivem em moradias precárias, montadas há quase vinte anos, dentro da Área de Preservação Permanente (APP), sem saneamento básico, distante da cidade, convivendo com a precariedade do transporte público, da água potável e da energia elétrica, situação que se prolonga hodiernamente. As pescadoras conseguem seu sustento da pesca, e sentem na pele as dificuldades oriundas do esquecimento do poder público local. É imprescindível que morem às margens da represa, para que possam continuar exercendo a profissão de pescadoras. Na base do processo de descaso do poder público com a Vila dos Pescadores de Porto Said está a falta de pesquisa e levantamentos de dados sobre as necessidades desta comunidade, de maneira a criar políticas públicas queas beneficiem. Há muitos anos houve a promessa da construção de moradias, o que não aconteceu ainda, apesar de Botucatu ser beneficiada por milhares de casas do programa Minha Casa Minha Vida. As pescadoras são elos fortes na construção desta Vila, do trabalho realizado e na resistência para continuarem a exercer esta profissão.
Torres Vedras, um exemplo da organização e da estruturação do espaço urbano medieval português
Authors: Silva Carlos Guardado da
Published: July 2018

Este é um estudo de caso desenvolvido em três momentos, de história urbana e de urbanismo medieval, aplicado à cidade de Torres Vedras, no qual o autor procurar identificar a sua matriz, assim como os principais elementos que condicionaram a organização e a estruturação do espaço urbano. Parte das origens do povoamento do sítio de Torres Vedras, independentemente da origem do nome, identifica a matriz romana na estruturação do espaço urbano, e termina com a organização do espaço da vila torriense no período medievo, sobretudo em torno dos principais edifícios do poder — a casa da Câmara ou o paço do Concelho, o paço régio, as quatro igrejas matrizes (Santa Maria, São Pedro, São Tiago e São Miguel), um convento, o castelo e a muralha com as suas portas — incluindo uma referência à judiaria. Neste estudo, de natureza empírica, o autor recorre, sobretudo, à pesquisa documental e à observação direta para analisar os dados recolhidos e interpretar a evolução urbana de Torres Vedras, para concluir, na senda de Isabel de Luna e Guilherme Cardoso, assim como de André Baptista, acerca da matriz urbana fundacional romana de Torres Vedras, condicionada, no período medievo, pela presença dos edifícios do poder que, a par das ruas, faziam a cidade, e contribuíam para definir a organização e a estruturação do espaço.
Assessment of the Problems Faced, Coping Modalities Adopted and Quality of Life of Female Students with Polycystic Ovarian Diseas
Authors: Anand Neha , Sheoran Poonam , Kaur Amandeep
Published: July 2018

Polycystic ovary disease (PCOD) is a complex endocrine disorder that affects 6% to 10% of women of reproductive age. It is not only accompanied with negative physical consequences, but this syndrome also affects psycho-social and sexual well-being. The aim of the present study was to assess the problems faced, coping modalities adopted and quality of life of female students with polycystic ovarian disease at M.M University, Mullana (Ambala).Quantitative research approach with Non experimental, descriptive exploratory survey design was used. Total 1383 female students were selected by proportionate random sampling technique. Out of total sample 56 students were included for further study of variables those who are diagnosed with polycystic ovarian disease. The findings of the study revealed that less than half (48.2%) of the female students were in the age group of 21-23 years and majority (80.4%) were pursuing graduation. More than half (55.4%) of the female students had information regarding polycystic ovarian disease and their major source of information is friends (33.9%) and mass media (30.4%) respectively. Majority (96.4%) of the female students had no family history of polycystic ovarian disease. Results further revealed that majority of the female students (92.5%) were facing the problem of Irregular menstrual periods followed by Hirsutism (83.9%) whereas only (3.6%) were facing problem of infertility. Majority (97.1%) of the female students had adopted the coping modalities for pelvic pain which were allopathic medicine (86.5%) followed by home remedies (32.4%)and for hirsutism (93.6%) which were waxing (92.5) and threading (82.6%).The quality of life among female students with Polycystic ovarian disease was assessed in five aspects which were Emotional, Body Hair, Weight, Infertility problem, Menstrual problem. The lowest mean percentage(63.69%) was observed for body hairs which was the most problematic area whereas the highest mean percentage(89.58%) was observed for infertility problem which was the least problematic area on quality of life among female students. The study concluded that most of the female students have adopted coping modalities for physical symptoms because they were considered it as a most problematic area affected their quality of life.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE PROBABILIDADE HIDROLÓGICA DE PRECIPITAÇÃO PARA SUB-REGIÃO HIDROGRÁFICA TOCANTINS 08./ Distribution of hydrological probability of precipitation for sub-region hydrographic Tocantins 08 in the State of Pará.
Authors: Evangelista Jakeline Oliveira , Novais Karollynne , Epifanio Glauber
Published: June 2018

Para o planejamento e gestão de recursos hídricos, o conhecimento acerca da quantidade e distribuição da precipitação pluviométrica é fundamental. O escopo deste trabalho foi o de determinar duas funções de distribuição de probabilidade (FDP) para precipitação pluvial máxima anual para Sub-Região hidrográfica Tocantins 08, ambas para eventos extremos, aplicou-se: métodos de preenchimento e consistência de dados, culminando para uma série histórica de 31 anos; os atestou-se a aderência dos dados através dos testes de Anderson-Darling e Kolmogorov-Smirnov; identificou-se qual FDP e teste de aderência que melhor se adequaram para posterior analise especificado dos períodos de retorno (TR) de 100 (cem) e 200 (duzentos) anos afim de obras hidráulicas da FDP através da interpolação numérica culminando nos mapas de isoietas. Os resultados alcançados tornam evidente que os dados seguem uma tendência a normalidade, e com base na análise da isoieta da FDP Gumbel para o Tr de 100 anos, os projetos relacionados a recursos hídricos para sub-região hidrográfica Tocantins 08 devem levar em consideração 165mm e 300mm de precipitação máxima diária anual, e ao Tr de 200 anos, esses projetos devem levar em consideração 170mm e 340mm. A partir deste trabalho pode contribuir como importante instrumento para planejamento, gestão e operação de seus recursos hídricos, e servir como base de dados para estudos de cálculo de FDP para eventos mínimos de precipitação, para uma região que até então possui um acervo ínfimo no que tange estudos específicos de suas variáveis hidrológicas.
ANÁLISE DA FREQUÊNCIA E DO PADRÃO DOS VENTOS NA REGIÃO DA GRANDE VITÓRIA ENTRE 2006 e 2016./ Analysis of the frequency and the standard of winds in the Region of the Great Vitória between 2006 and 2016.
Authors: Malacarne Marcio , Ribeiro Fabrício Kriger
Published: June 2018

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar o padrão de escoamento atmosférico na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória (RMGV), medido por oito estações meteorológicas, entre os anos de 2006 e 2016.
Criamos um aplicativo em Python 2.7 que foi utilizado para análise dos ventos, fornecendo resultados em gráficos, textos e tabelas.
A partir da análise dos gráficos e dos parâmetros médios obtidos, podemos afirmar que a direção predominante na RMGV está ao norte-nordeste. Porém com variações locais; os ventos mais fortes vêmdo nordeste e mais fracos do oeste. Calculamos uma média vetorial de todas as estações e obtivemos velocidade média de 3,07 m.s-1 e direção média de 32°.
Os ciclos diurnos das velocidades e direções médias mostram que vão desde calmaria, no noroeste, de madrugada, até 7 m.s-1 ao nordeste, à tarde.
No ciclo anual, entre os meses de abril e junho, o vento é predominantemente sul e fraco. Entre setembro e outubro, o vento é predominantemente norte-nordeste e forte.
A velocidade média é maior próxima do litoral (entre 4 e 5 m.s-1) e cai pela metade a alguns quilômetros continente adentro, como mostram as estações de Cariacica (1,9 m.s-1) e Inmet (1,8 m.s-1). Portanto, está abaixo da média considerada economicamente viável.
Um novo padrão da dispersão de aerossóis na atmosfera deve ser feito, levando em conta as variações das direções médias locais, pois podem estar subestimando a poluição no continente em detrimento com o mar.
Field Evidence for Frost‐Induced Cross‐Stress Tolerance in Canola
Authors: Fordyce Simon , Torrion Jessica , Lachowiec Jennifer , Miller Perry , Biddulph Ben , Carr Patrick
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas

Frost events in June affected late‐flowering cultivars of canola.

Subsequent heat stress disproportionately affected early‐flowering cultivars.

Frost stress likely primed late‐flowering cultivars for subsequent heat stress.

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is most susceptible to frost damage from budding stage through early seed fill stage. In early June 2017, a late spring frost occurred while early‐flowering (EF) canola cultivars were at the flowering stage and late‐flowering (LF) cultivars were at the budding stage. A second frost 12 d later occurred after flowering had ended among EF cultivars but was still underway among LF cultivars. Subsequently, both EF and LF cultivars were exposed to high summer temperatures. There was a disproportionately greater negative impact from exposure to frost and subsequent heat stress among EF cultivars, indicating possible cross‐stress tolerance among LF cultivars. The LF cultivars were primed by frost for the heat that followed, while no priming was possible among EF cultivars since flowering was underway when the first stress (i.e., frost) occurred. If correct, this study represents the first known field evidence of frost‐induced cross‐stress tolerance in canola.
Late‐Season Nitrogen Application to Tobacco Produced in Fine‐Textured Soils
Authors: Mason J. Hunter , Vann Matthew C. , Fisher Loren R. , McGinnis Michelle S.
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas

Nitrogen is key to maximum leaf yield and quality.

Nitrogen management is currently based upon expected conditions.

Alternative strategies could improve N management.

Alternative strategies are not suitable for fine‐textured soil types.

Late‐season nitrogen (N) assimilation can greatly impact the yield and quality of flue‐cured tobacco, particularly in the fine‐textured Piedmont soils of North Carolina. Research was conducted in 2015 to 2016 to evaluate the effects of N application rate and number of N applications to the yield, quality, value, and leaf chemistry of flue‐cured tobacco. Liquid N (28% urea ammonium nitrate) was applied at 50, 70, and 90 lb N/acre. Each rate was either applied in two splits (0.5 rate 7–10 days after transplanting and 0.5 rate at layby) or three (0.5 rate 7–10 days after transplanting, a 0.25 rate at layby, and a 0.25 rate 2 weeks after layby) after transplanting. Cured leaf N concentration was similar at 50 and 70 lb N/acre (2.58 and 2.61%, respectively) but was increased in treatments receiving 90 lb N/acre (2.77%). Additionally, three N applications (2.73%) increased cured leaf N relative to two N applications (2.58%). The same treatment parameters did not impact yield or value but reduced cured leaf quality in one growing environment due to prolonged N assimilation. Results indicate that current recommendations for N application rates (50 lb/acre) and timings (split‐applied twice in equal portions) are adequate to obtain maximum yield, quality, and value on fine‐textured soils similar to those evaluated in this study.
Hydrothermal Germination Models: Assessment of the Wet‐Thermal Approximation of Potential Field Response
Authors: Hardegree Stuart P. , Roundy Bruce A. , Walters Christina T. , Reeves Patrick A. , Richards Christopher M. , Moffet Corey A. , Sheley Roger L. , Flerchinger Gerald N.
Published: July 2018

Hydrothermal (HT) models can be used to characterize seed germination response to field‐variable conditions of temperature (T) and water potential (Ψ). Hydrothermal response data are relatively difficult to generate, which limits their utility for large‐scale comparisons of inter‐ and intraspecies germination response. Previous studies have hypothesized that HT germination response can be estimated using a simple model for thermal‐time accumulation above a fixed threshold of environmental Ψ (wet‐thermal [WT] model). The purpose of this study was to test this hypothesis by explicitly comparing HT and WT germination rates and estimated cumulative germination response of 13 rangeland grass seedlots under simulated conditions of field‐variable T and Ψ. We used a 44‐yr weather record to parameterize a seedbed‐microclimate model for estimation of hourly T and Ψ at seeding depth for a sandy loam soil type at the Orchard field test site in southwestern Ada County, Idaho. Hydrothermal and WT germination responses for each hour of the simulation were estimated for 13 range grass seedlots. We found that overestimation of germination rate by thermal accumulation at low Ψ contributed relatively little to WT model error rates, and that >95% of the variability in predicted germination response could be explained by WT germination response above a Ψ threshold of −0.3 to −0.5 MPa. Given the pulse‐like nature of favorable germination conditions in the field, this modeling approach may have immediate and wide potential application, as there are a relatively large number of thermal‐germination datasets currently available for rangeland plant species.
Rapid and Nondestructive Determination of Radish Seed Viability by Surface Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Hu Xueping , Cui Meng , Ma Liyuan , Jiang Cuicui , Hao Yingbin , Guo Xiali , Luo Huolin , Luo Liping , Chen Huanwen
Published: July 2018

Traditional methods of seed viability evaluation based on germination or detecting physiological indicators have several disadvantages, such as time consumption, seed destruction, and skill requirements et al. In this study, a nondestructive method based on surface desorption atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (DAPCI–MS) was developed to evaluate radish [Raphanus sativus (L.) Domin] seed viability by detecting the sinapine that leakage from the interior of the seed to the coat. The signal intensity of the detected sinapine in seed coat by DAPCI–MS was significantly negatively correlated with the seed viability. One seed could be analyzed in an average of 4.4 s. We establish a new method to test radish seed viability based on DAPCI‐MS. This is a highly sensitive and high‐throughput method for detection without sample pretreatment. In addition, this study also provides new insights into the evaluation of seed viability in other plants.