bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new transgenic reporter line reveals Wnt-dependent Snai2 re-expression and cranial neural crest differentiation in Xenopus
Authors: Li Jiejing , Perfetto Mark , Materna Christopher , Li Rebecca , Thi Tran Hong , Vleminckx Kris , Duncan Melinda K. , Wei Shuo
Published: August 2019

During vertebrate embryogenesis, the cranial neural crest (CNC) forms at the neural plate border and subsequently migrates and differentiates into many types of cells. The transcription factor Snai2, which is induced by canonical Wnt signaling to be expressed in the early CNC, is pivotal for CNC induction and migration in Xenopus. However, snai2 expression is silenced during CNC migration, and its roles at later developmental stages remain unclear. We generated a transgenic X. tropicalis line that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) driven by the snai2 promoter/enhancer, and observed eGFP expression not only in the pre-migratory and migrating CNC, but also the differentiating CNC. This transgenic line can be used directly to detect deficiencies in CNC development at various stages, including subtle perturbation of CNC differentiation. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry confirm that Snai2 is re-expressed in the differentiating CNC. Using a separate transgenic Wnt reporter line, we show that canonical Wnt signaling is also active in the differentiating CNC. Blocking Wnt signaling shortly after CNC migration causes reduced snai2 expression and impaired differentiation of CNC-derived head cartilage structures. These results suggest that Wnt signaling is required for snai2 re-expression and CNC differentiation.
Dual Quantum Zeno Superdense Coding
Authors: Zaman Fakhar , Jeong Youngmin , Shin Hyundong
Published: August 2019

Quantum superdense coding enables a sender to encode a two-bit classical message in one qubit using the preshared entanglement. In this paper, we develop a superdense coding protocol using a dual quantum Zeno (DQZ) gate to take the full advantage of quantum superdense coding from the complete Bell-state analysis. We verify that the DQZ gate allows remote parties to achieve the distinguishability of orthonormal Bell states in a semi-counterfactual manner and the DQZ superdense coding achieves high throughput efficiency as a function of cycle numbers for the Bell-state analyzer.
Structural basis for the inhibitory effects of a novel reversible covalent ligand on PPARγ phosphorylation
Authors: Jang Jun Young , Kim Hyunsoo , Kim Hyun-Jung , Suh Se Won , Park Seung Bum , Han Byung Woo
Published: August 2019

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a major therapeutic target for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, the use of PPARγ-targeted drugs, such as rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, is limited owing to serious side effects caused by classical agonism. Using a rational drug discovery approach, we recently developed SB1495, a novel reversible covalent inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5)-mediated phosphorylation of PPARγ at Ser245, a key factor in the insulin-sensitizing effect of PPARγ-targeted drugs. In this study, we report the crystal structures of PPARγ in complex with SB1495 and its enantiomeric analogue SB1494, which rarely exhibits inhibitory activity, to visualize the mechanistic basis for their distinct activities. SB1495 occupies the Arm3 region near the Ω loop of the PPARγ ligand-binding domain, whereas its enantiomeric analogue SB1494 binds to the Arm2 region. In addition, the piperazine moiety of SB1495 directly pushes the helix H2′, resulting in the stabilization of the Ω loop just behind the helix H2′. Our results may contribute to the development of a new generation of antidiabetic drugs that selectively block PPARγ phosphorylation without classical agonism.
Regioisomer-independent quantification of fatty acid oxidation products by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of sodium adducts
Authors: Ahern Katelyn W. , Serbulea Vlad , Wingrove Catherine L. , Palas Zachary T. , Leitinger Norbert , Harris Thurl E.
Published: August 2019

Despite growing acknowledgement of the role of oxidized fatty acids (oxFA) as cellular signaling molecules and in the pathogenesis of disease, developing methods to measure these species in biological samples has proven challenging. Here we describe a novel method utilizing HPLC-ESI-MS/MS to identify and quantify multiple full-length oxFA species in a regioisomer-independent manner without the need for time-consuming sample preparation or derivatization. Building on recent progress in the characterization of FA and their oxidation products by MS/MS, we employed positive-ion ionization by measuring sodium adducts in conjunction with Differential Energy Qualifier Ion Monitoring to unequivocally verify the presence of the hydroperoxide, hydroxide, and ketone oxidation products of linoleic and arachidonic acid. Our HPLC method achieved separation of these oxidized species from their unoxidized counterparts while maintaining regioisomer-independent elution, allowing quantification over a 5 log10 range with a lower limit of quantification of 0.1 picomoles. With a simple sample preparation and a runtime as low as 11 minutes, our method allows the rapid and facile detection and measurement of full-length oxFA in biological samples. We believe this approach will allow for new insight and further investigation into the role of oxFA in metabolic disease.
Experimental demonstration of single-shot quantum and classical signal transmission on single wavelength optical pulse
Authors: Kumar Rupesh , Wonfor Adrian , Penty Richard , Spiller Tim , White Ian
Published: August 2019

Advances in highly sensitive detection techniques for classical coherent communication systems have reduced the received signal power requirements to a few photons per bit. At this level one can take advantage of the quantum noise to create secure communication, using continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD). In this work therefore we embed CV-QKD signals within classical signals and transmit classical data and secure keys simultaneously over 25 km of optical fibre. This is achieved by using a novel coherent displacement state generator, which has the potential for being used in a wide range of quantum optical experiments. This approach removes the need for separate channels for quantum communication systems and allows reduced system bandwidth for a given communications specification. This demonstration therefore demonstrates a way of implementing direct quantum physical layer security within a conventional classical communications system, offering a major advance in term of practical and low cost implementation.
Effect of low sperm quality on progeny: a study on zebrafish as model species
Authors: Riesco Marta F. , Valcarce David G. , Martínez-Vázquez Juan Manuel , Robles Vanesa
Published: August 2019

Nowadays a decrease tendency in human sperm quality has been reported mainly in developed countries. Reproductive technologies have been very valuable in achieving successful pregnancies with low quality sperm samples. However, considering that spermatozoa molecular contribution is increasingly important in recent studies, it is crucial to study whether fertilization with low sperm quality could leave a molecular mark on progeny. This study explores the consequences that fertilization with low sperm quality may have on progeny, using zebrafish as a model. Good and bad breeders were established attending to sperm quality analyses and were individually tracked. Significant differences in fertilization and malformation rates were obtained in progenies between high and low quality sperm samples. Moreover an altered miR profile was found in the progenies of bad zebrafish breeders (upregulation of miR-141 and miR -122 in 24 hpf embryos) and as a consequence, some of their targets involved in male sex development such asdmrt1, suffered downregulation. Our results indicate that fertilizing with high sperm quality samples becomes relevant from a new perspective: to avoid molecular alterations in the progeny that could remain masked and therefore produce unexpected consequences in it.
Root hairs enhance Arabidopsis seedling survival upon soil disruption
Authors: Choi Hee-Seung , Cho Hyung-Taeg
Published: August 2019

Root hairs form a substantial portion of the root surface area. Compared with their nutritional function, the physical function of root hairs has been poorly characterised. This study investigates the physical role of root hairs of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings in interaction of the root with water and soil and in plant survival upon soil disruption. Five transgenic lines with different root hair lengths were used to assess the physical function of root hairs. Upon soil disruption by water falling from a height (mimicking rainfall), long-haired lines showed much higher anchorage rates than short-haired lines. The root-pulling test revealed that a greater amount of soil adhered to long-haired roots than to short-haired roots. When seedlings were pulled out and laid on the soil surface for 15 d, survival rates of long-haired seedlings were higher than those of short-haired seedlings. Moreover, the water holding capacity of roots was much greater among long-haired seedlings than short-haired seedlings. These results suggest that root hairs play a significant role in plant survival upon soil disruption which could be fatal for young seedlings growing on thin soil surface with a short primary root and root hairs as the only soil anchoring system.
Biomimetic Antimicrobial Polymers
Authors: Baul Upayan , Vemparala Satyavani
Published: August 2019

Increased levels of antibiotic drug resistance of virulent bacteria is an urgent healthcare issue that needs to be rethought, not in terms of producing more potent antibiotics, but requiring a paradigm shift. A class of small proteins called host defense peptides are a promising area to understand the evolution of such peptides as an integral part of innate immunity system, and learn design principles which can be used to develop biomimetic synthetic polymers with antimicrobial properties. The goal of such research is to understand at a fundamental level the role of oft-repeated specific motifs present in such peptides, including presence of both charged and hydrophobic entities and facial amphiphilicity in their antimicrobial mechanism, and adopt them into the synthetic polymers. Another goal of such research is to use these peptides or biomimetic polymers as a platform to investigate a fundamental paradigm of biology: structure–function relationship. Recent studies show that many biomimetic polymers and a class of proteins called intrinsically disordered proteins are capable of acquiring functional structures under specific conditions without such a structure built into the system. Such capabilities open up the possibilities of design of smart polymers, which may be very cost-effective and functionally relevant when required. In this chapter we primarily focus on mechanistic design and computational details of biomimetic antimicrobial polymers and their interaction with model membranes, particularly highlighting the effect of such polymers on structural integrity of membranes.
Anchoring ultrafine PtNi nanoparticles on N-doped graphene for highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Bao Jiehua , Wang Jiaqi , Zhou Yuming , Hu Yingjie , Zhang Zewu , Li Tongfei , Xue Yi , Guo Chang , Zhang Yiwei
Published: August 2019

One-step rapid synthesis of ultrafine PtNi nanoparticles anchored on –NH2 and N doped graphene for highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction.
Visible light-driven enhanced CO2 reduction by water over Cu modified S-doped g-C3N4
Authors: Ojha Niwesh , Bajpai Abhinav , Kumar Sushant
Published: August 2019

We synthesized Cu modified S-doped g-C3N4 thin sheets using calcination followed by a wet-impregnation method. The photocatalytic activity was studied for reduction of CO2 to CO and CH4 in the presence of water and a plausible mechanism is explained.
Synthesis, scale inhibition and dispersion performance evaluation of the environmentally benign additive IA–AMPS–APEG copolymer
Authors: Cui Chuanchuan , Zhang Shuguang
Published: August 2019

In order to control the formation of inorganic calcium scale and improve the environmental benefits of coal water slurry, a non-phosphorus-containing and multipurpose copolymer IA–AMPS–APEG was successfully prepared.
Synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of IgG-binding peptides focused on the C-terminal histidine residue
Authors: Muguruma Kyohei , Ito Mayu , Fukuda Akane , Kishimoto Satoshi , Taguchi Akihiro , Takayama Kentaro , Taniguchi Atsuhiko , Ito Yuji , Hayashi Yoshio
Published: August 2019

A novel IgG-binding peptide with a strong affinity to human IgG1 was discovered and efficiently synthesized overcoming serious synthesis problems.
EG/TPU composites with enhanced flame retardancy and mechanical properties prepared by microlayer coextrusion technology
Authors: Zhang Chao , Shi Meinong , Zhang Youchen , Yang Weimin , Jiao Zhiwei , Yang Liping
Published: August 2019

In this work, expandable graphite (EG)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites with excellent exfoliation, dispersion and two-dimensional plane orientation of the EG fillers were manufactured by microlayer coextrusion technology.
Controlling the product selectivity in the conversion of methanol to the feedstock for phenol production
Authors: Zambare Abhay Suresh , Ou John , Hill Wong David Shan , Yao Ching-Wen , Jang Shi-Shang
Published: August 2019

A product stream for phenol production along with p-xylene and alkenes was achieved using 1.5 wt% Zn/Si/HZSM-5.
Aqueous leaching of lithium from simulated pyrometallurgical slag by sodium sulfate roasting
Authors: Li Na , Guo Jiahui , Chang Zhidong , Dang Hui , Zhao Xin , Ali Shujaat , Li Wenjun , Zhou Hualei , Sun Changyan
Published: August 2019

An effective method for the recovery of lithium from the slag formed by treating spent lithium-ion batteries.
Electronic performance of printed PEDOT:PSS lines correlated to the physical and chemical properties of coated inkjet papers
Authors: Forsberg Viviane , Mašlík Jan , Norgren Magnus
Published: August 2019

PEDOT:PSS ink chemical interactions with the coated surface of inkjet papers and their composition were evaluated through Raman, FTIR and EDS. Morphology of the pores and surface energy were also evaluated and how these impact sheet resistance.
Differential pulse voltammetry detection of Pb(ii) using nitrogen-doped activated nanoporous carbon from almond shells
Authors: Baikeli Yiliyasi , Mamat Xamxikamar , Yalikun Nuerbiya , Wang Ying , Qiao Mengfei , Li Yongtao , Hu Guangzhi
Published: August 2019

Almond shell-based charcoal was prepared by carbonizing almond shells in a nitrogen atmosphere.
Canonical DNA minor groove insertion of bisbenzamidine–Ru(ii) complexes with chiral selectivity
Authors: Sánchez Mateo I. , Rama Gustavo , Calo-Lapido Renata , Ucar Kübra , Lincoln Per , López Miguel Vázquez , Melle-Franco Manuel , Mascareñas José L. , Vázquez M. Eugenio
Published: August 2019

We report the first Ru(ii) coordination compounds that interact with DNA through a canonical minor groove insertion mode and with selectivity for A/T rich sites.
Unravelling fullerene–perovskite interactions introduces advanced blend films for performance-improved solar cells
Authors: Pascual Jorge , Collavini Silvia , Völker Sebastian F. , Phung Nga , Palacios-Lidon Elisa , Irusta Lourdes , Grande Hans-Jürgen , Abate Antonio , Tena-Zaera Ramón , Delgado Juan Luis
Published: August 2019

Identification of perovskite–fullerene interactions explained the beneficial effects of fullerene derivatisation for perovskite:fullerene films. Understanding these systems led to structurally optimised fullerene for improved perovskite solar cells.
Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation: the role of defects in photocatalysts
Authors: Cheng Ming , Xiao Chong , Xie Yi
Published: August 2019

This review summarizes the recent experimental and theoretical progress of various defects in catalysts for high nitrogen photofixation performance.
Defect-engineered vanadium trioxide nanofiber bundle@graphene hybrids for high-performance all-vanadate Na-ion and K-ion full batteries
Authors: Tong Zhongqiu , Yang Rui , Wu Shilin , Shen Dong , Jiao Tianpeng , Zhang Kaili , Zhang Wenjun , Lee Chun-Sing
Published: August 2019

Graphene-wrapped throughout-defective nanocrystalline vanadium trioxide nanofiber bunches (V2O3−x@rGO) with high-capacity and stable Na/K storage is prepared. By employing V4+/V5+ redox-based cathodes, high-performance all-vanadate full SIBs and PIBs are successfully assembled.
A Eu-MOF/EDTA-NiAl-CLDH fluorescent micromotor for sensing and removal of Fe3+ from water
Authors: Yang Wenning , Li Jia , Xu Zhipeng , Yang Jie , Liu Yong , Liu Lihua
Published: August 2019

A hierarchical Pt-free fluorescent micromotor prepared from kapok fiber is fabricated for fluorescence detection and removal of Fe3+ from wastewater.
The millimeter-wave spectrum and astronomical search of succinonitrile and its vibrational excited states
Authors: Cabezas C. , Bermúdez C. , Gallego J. D. , Tercero B. , Hernández J. M. , Tanarro I. , Herrero V. J. , Doménech J. L. , Cernicharo J.
Published: August 2019

Context. Dinitriles with a saturated hydrocarbon skeleton and a −C≡N group at each end can have large electric dipole moments. Their formation can be related to highly reactive radicals such as CH2CN, C2N, or CN. Thus, these saturated dinitriles are potential candidates to be observed in the interstellar medium (ISM).

Aims. Our goal is the investigation of the rotational spectrum of one of the simplest dinitriles N≡C−CH2−CH2−C≡N, succinonitrile, whose actual rotational parameters are not precise enough to allow its detection in the ISM. In addition, the rotational spectra for its vibrational excited states will be analysed.

Methods. The rotational spectra of succinonitrile was measured in the frequency range 72−116.5 GHz using a new broadband millimeter-wave spectrometer based on radio astronomy receivers with Fast Fourier Transform backends. The identification of the vibrational excited states of succinonitrile was supported by high-level ab initio calculations on the harmonic and anharmonic force fields.

Results. A total of 459 rotational transitions with maximum values of J and Ka quantum numbers 70 and 14, respectively, were measured for the ground vibrational state of succinonitrile. The analysis allowed us to accurately determine the rotational, quartic, and sextic centrifugal distortion constants. Up to eleven vibrational excited states, resulting from the four lowest frequency vibrational modes ν13, ν12, ν24, and ν23 were identified. In addition to the four fundamental modes, we observed overtones together with some combination states. The rotational parameters for the ground state were employed to unsuccessfully search for succinonitrile in the cold and warm molecular clouds Orion KL, Sgr B2(N), B1-b, and TMC-1, using the spectral surveys captured by IRAM 30 m at 3 mm and the Yebes 40 m at 1.3 cm and 7 mm.
Subjektiv erlebte Arbeitsbelastung in der Weiterbildung Allgemeinmedizin und Anforderungen an ein Kompetenzzentrum – eine Querschnittsstudie aus Sachsen-Anhalt
Authors: Köhler Sophie , Heise Marcus , Abendroth Jens , Sommer Susanne , Frese Thomas
Published: August 2019

Ziel der Studie Das Erwartungsbild von ÄrztInnen in Weiterbildung (ÄiW) an Kompetenzzentren ist in Teilen noch unklar. Vergangene Studien zeigten, dass sich hohe Arbeitsbelastung und Stressempfinden negativ auf die psychische Gesundheit auswirken und junge ÄrztInnen ab dem Berufseinstieg begleiten. Gibt es bei ÄiW im Fach Allgemeinmedizin Unterschiede im subjektiven Arbeitsbelastungsempfinden im stationären und ambulanten Bereich? Wie wirkt sich eine hohe subjektive Arbeitsbelastung auf Bedürfnisse/Wünsche der ÄiW an die Kompetenzzentren aus?

Methodik Design: Querschnittserhebung März - Juni 2017 in Sachsen-Anhalt, Stichprobe: alle bei der KOSTA registrierte ÄiWs (n=221) Messinstrument: Selbst entwickelter Fragebogen (Wünsche an ein Kompetenzzentrum, Soziodemographie, Weiterbildungsbiografie, Evaluation bisheriger Weiterbildung im ambulanten und stationären Bereich, Fragebogen zur Erfassung beruflicher Gratifikationskrisen (ERI).

Ergebnisse Insgesamt gingen 73 Antworten der ÄiWs ein (33,0%). Alle 73 Antworten wurden in der Analyse berücksichtigt. Auf einem Mittelwertindex von 1 (minimale Stressverausgabung) bis 4 (maximale Stressverausgabung) wurde eine höhere Arbeitsbelastung im stationären Weiterbildungssektor (MW stationär: 2,8 vs. ambulant: 2,1; p<0,01) angegeben. Die subjektive Arbeitsbelastung stieg signifikant mit dem Ausmaß der geleisteten Überstunden an (stationär: η²=18,3%, p=0,02; ambulant: η²=28,3%, p<0,01). Überdurchschnittlich Belastete äußerten tendenziell häufiger Bedarf nach lückenloser Weiterbildungsplanung (Prozentsatzdifferenz d%=0,31), nach Betreuung durch einen Mentor (d%=0,15) und informellem Austausch mit KollegInnen (d%=0,19). Das durch die ÄiWs empfundene Belastungsniveau erwies sich dagegen als unabhängig von personenbezogenen und demografischen Merkmalen.

Schlussfolgerung Der Betreuungsbedarf von ÄiW durch Weiterbildungsmanager und Mentoren wird durch ein erhöhtes Belastungsniveau gesteigert. Dies muss bedacht werden, um für jeden ÄiW einen individuellen Beratungsansatz bieten zu können.
Angsterkrankungen und Therapieresistenz
Authors: Zwanzger Peter , Diemer Julia
Published: August 2019

Epidemiologischen Studien zufolge gehören Angsterkrankungen zu den häufigsten seelischen Störungen. Dabei stellen insbesondere diejenigen Verläufe die größte Herausforderung dar, die anamnestisch bereits zahlreiche erfolglose Behandlungsversuche aufweisen. Die in Anlehnung an die Depressionsbehandlung als therapieresistente Angsterkrankungen bezeichnete Gruppe von Störungen ist im Hinblick auf therapeutische Ansätze weit weniger untersucht als die therapieresistente Depression. Im Rahmen der Übersicht werden Studien zur Behandlung therapieresistenter Angsterkrankungen referiert. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Panikstörung, der generalisierten Angststörung sowie der sozialen Phobie. Die Behandlungsansätze umfassen pharmakologische Ansätze mit atypischen Antipsychotika und Antikonvulsiva, Kombinationstherapien, den psychotherapeutischen Ansatz der Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) sowie den experimentell pharmakologischen Einsatz von D-Cycloserin (DCS). Auf die Problematik von Pseudotherapieresistenz und die Notwendigkeit einer sorgfältigen Diagnostik und Differenzialdiagnostik wird ebenso eingegangen.
Malignant Extra-Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor of the Mesentery
Authors: Sasmal Prakash K. , Sharma Rakesh , Patra Susama , Mishra Tushar S. , Mishra Pritinanda , Rout Bikram
Published: August 2019

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), the commonest mesenchymal tumors of gastrointestinal tract are often described to take origin from the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) or its precursor cells. Rarely these tumors do arise in structures other than the alimentary tract like omentum, mesentery, retroperitoneum, etc., of varying malignant potential and are known as extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumors (eGISTs).

This is a case report of a 70-year-old female with multicentric malignant eGISTs arising in the mesentery of ileum. On laparotomy, a large mass of 20 × 15 cm was found in the small bowel mesentery without involvement of the adjacent ileum, with multiple other small nodules resembling lymph nodes, present adjacent to it. Histopathological study of the excised lump, confirmed the mass to be malignant eGIST without involvement of the adjacent ileum, with cluster differentiation (CD)117 positive and of high-risk stratification. The mesenteric nodule was confirmed on histopathology to be malignant eGIST, similar to that of that of the primary, without any lymphoid tissue. Adjuvant imatinib mesylate treatment was started immediately postoperation with the patient doing well at 1 year of follow-up. We report this case, due to the rare occurrence of multifocal malignant eGISTS of small bowel mesentery, which is yet to be reported. The existing literature is unclear regarding the clinicopathology and management of multifocal malignant stromal tumors of the mesentery.
Massive Pulmonary Embolism after a Short Episode of Physical Restraint in an Adolescent Psychiatric Patient
Authors: Leibold Alexander , Melter Michael , Doerfler Christian , Alikadic Samra , Zimmermann Markus , Hanses Frank , Zant Robert
Published: August 2019

Medical restraints, when used for short periods of time, can pose additional risk for deep vein thrombosis in adolescent psychiatric patients. The problem is often unrecognized, and there is a lack of awareness of this potential risk. However, as associated major adverse events may result in fatal outcomes, an individual patient's risk for deep vein thrombosis should be assessed and prophylactic anticoagulation may be indicated.
Young’s modulus of Sb2O3 micro- and nanowires determined accurately by a nanomanipulation-assisted thermal resonance method
Authors: Hou Lizhen , Zheng Lulu , Wang Shiliang , Huang Han
Published: August 2019

Antimony trioxide (Sb2O3) micro- and nanomaterials have been widely used as a fire retardant, and are promising for fabricating high-performance cool materials and optoelectronic devices, but little is known on their mechanical properties. In this study, Young’s moduli of Sb2O3 micro- and nanowires grown via chemical vapor deposition are accurately determined by a nanomanipulation-assisted thermal resonance method. The Sb2O3 micro- and nanowires grow along the [001] direction and have irregular cross sections with thicknesses ranged from 87 to 238 nm and widths ranged from 168 to 549 nm. The measured Young modulus value is 92 ± 7 GPa, which is thickness independent and very close to the value of 89 GPa predicted using the first-principle calculations. The developed method can be extended for accurately measuring the Young’s modulus of any micro- and nanowire with irregular cross section.
Hexagonal boron nitride crystals help normalize second harmonic generation spectroscopy
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: August 2019

Exploiting the flat response of the crystals allows researchers to remove the influence of the laser spectrum for supercontinuum systems.
Quantum computing with semiconductor spins
Authors: Vandersypen Lieven M. K. , Eriksson Mark A.
Published: August 2019

Arrays of electrically and magnetically controllable electron-spin qubits can be lithographically fabricated on silicon wafers.
Reliability and Construct Validity of 3 Psychometric Trust Scales for Women Seeking Substance Abuse Treatment in a Community Setting
Authors: Cockroft Joshua D. , Adams Susie M. , Matlock Deondria , Dietrich Mary S.
Published: August 2019

Background: Women with a history of substance use disorder (SUD) constitute a unique population with gender-specific needs in treatment. Most notable is high rates of prior trauma and the need for a trauma-informed care framework. Given theoretical links between trauma and interpersonal trust, understanding quantitatively how trust may impact outcomes for women in this population requires confirmation of validity of existing psychometric instruments.

Objective: This study sought to confirm reliability and construct validity of the Rotter Interpersonal Trust Scale, Wake Forest Trust in Physician Scale, and the Revised Health Care System Distrust Scale (RHCSDS) for use in women with a history of SUD seeking treatment in a community-based setting.

Methods: A total of 301 participants were enrolled between August 2017 and March 2018 at an urban, community-based residential substance abuse treatment program in the mid-South. Participants were given an electronic survey containing questions about demographics/clinical characteristics, the Rotter, Wake Forest, and RHCSDS scales, Socially Desirable Response Five-Item Survey (SDRS-5), and the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) questionnaire. All participants also completed a modified protocol of the “Trust Game.” Statistical analysis was completed for each trust scale in regard to scale means and distribution, internal consistency, interscale correlation, and scale correlation to the ACE score.

Results: Results confirm statistically significant ( P < .001) differences in global trust and trust of health care providers compared with general population samples in prior studies. Internal consistency of scales is comparable to reliability testing in prior studies (α > .70 for all scales). Interscale correlation between individual scales is statistically significant, with the strongest relationship between the 2 health care–specific scales ( r = −.740, P < .001). There was a weak, negative correlation between the ACE score and interpersonal trust ( r = −.135, P = .019). Individual scales do not have statistically significant correlation with “Trust Game” scores.

Discussion: Findings suggest reliability and construct validity of scales for use in this population.
The soil displacement measurement of mercury emission flux of the sewage irrigation farmlands in Northern China
Authors: Gao Yu , Wang Zhangwei , Wang Chunjie , Zhang Xiaoshan
Published: August 2019

Mercury fate of sewage irrigation in farmlands deserves attention with increasing scarcity of freshwater resources for agriculture in the worldwide. Soil-air total gaseous mercury (TGM) fluxes from four-sewage and one-fresh water irrigated farmlands were determined simultaneously. During maize-wheat rotation, soil-air TGM fluxes showed patterns of both emission and deposition during different growth stages. It enhanced one-order of magnitude emission with increased Hg contamination from historical sewage irrigation. A linear response relationship of TGM fluxes with soil Hg concentration was found, which showed greater TGM emission potential comparing with those from forest and urban soils. However, the ratio of soil-air TGM flux in daytime to nighttime were 3.94 in maize-season and 3.41 in wheat-season, respectively, which were little related to the change in soil Hg concentration. Furthermore, soil temperature and moisture, ambient-air TGM concentration all effected TGM evasion from sewage-irrigated soils. The data presented here suggest that evasion of TGM from historical sewage irrigation farmlands with high Hg concentrations may be potential hotspots for Hg emission in atmosphere, and it was likely to underestimate Hg emissions from farmlands in existing emissions inventory. Additional regional-investigations and process-level researches are needed to better understand role of sewage irrigation farmlands in local-global Hg-biogeochemical-cycles.
Immunofluorescence and image analysis pipeline for Drosophila motor neurons
Authors: Brown Jeremy R , Phongthachit Chanpasith , Sulkowski Mikolaj J
Published: August 2019

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) of larval Drosophila is widely used as a genetic model for basic neuroscience research. The presynaptic side of the NMJ is formed by axon terminals of motor neurons, the soma of which reside in the ventral ganglion of the central nervous system (CNS). Here we describe a streamlined protocol for dissection and immunostaining of the Drosophila CNS and NMJ that allows processing of multiple genotypes within a single staining tube. We also present a computer script called Automated Image Analysis with Background Subtraction which facilitates identification of motor nuclei, quantification of pixel intensity, and background subtraction. Together, these techniques provide a pipeline for neuroscientists to compare levels of different biomolecules in motor nuclei. We conclude that these methods should be adaptable to a variety of different cell and tissue types for the improvement of efficiency, reproducibility, and throughput during data quantification.
“Trust Us, We’re You”: Aspirational Realness in the Digital Communication of Contemporary Fashion and Beauty Brands
Authors: Findlay Rosie
Published: August 2019

In recent years, a number of fashion and beauty brands have developed promotional content that circulates an aspirational quality imbued with unstudied “cool” around their product. Despite the appeal of this conceit to tropes of the everyday, authenticity, and belonging, it presents a superficially relatable ideal whilst exploiting digital media’s capacities to foster intimacy and promote a postfeminist subjectivity based on consumption.

This article examines three brands that circulate “aspirational realness” around their product: Glossier, Reformation, and Maryam Nassir Zadeh. All remediate the conventions of prior fashion media to communicate discourses of neoliberal femininity to a media-savvy consumer. Aspirational realness is thus read as a means by which consumption is both encouraged and situated as a means of self-realization in the likeness of other aspirational “cool girls.”
Managing insomnia in older adults
Authors: Hedges Christine , Gotelli John
Published: August 2019

NPs frequently care for patients with complaints of insomnia in the hospital and community settings. Because older adults with insomnia present unique challenges for successful management, NPs should understand the latest assessment and treatment options.
Study Comparing Traditional Versus Alternative Metrics to Measure the Impact of the Critical Care Medicine Literature
Authors: Kaul Viren , Bhan Rohit , Stewart Nancy H. , Behrens Deanna M. , Gutman Amy , Dangayach Neha , Geisler Benjamin P. , Carroll Christopher L.
Published: August 2019

Our objective was to evaluate the association between traditional metrics such as Impact Factor and Eigenfactor with respect to alternative metrics. The Altmetric Attention Score for the top nine pulmonary and critical care journals was compared with Impact Factor, Eigenfactor, and citations over two time periods (2007–2011 and 2012–2016). There was a significant increase in the Altmetric Attention Score (52 from 2007 to 2011 vs 1,061 from 2012 to 2016; p < 0.001) but no significant differences in Total Citations, Impact Factor, or Eigenfactor. There was a strong positive correlation between citations and Altmetric Attention Score, negative correlations between Eigenfactor and Altmetric Attention Score for most journals, and no clear association between Impact Factor and Altmetric Attention Score. Over time, the digital reach of traditional publications has increased significantly, while no significant increase was noted for the traditional metrics. These findings likely reflect discussions of articles online that are not captured by traditional metrics and hence their impact on the community at large.
Impact of an Educational Program on the Knowledge and Attitude About Pain Assessment and Management Among Critical Care Nurses
Authors: Issa Marwan Rasmi , Awajeh Adel M. , Khraisat Firas S. , Rasheed Akram M. , Amirah Mohammad F. , Hussain Ashraf , Alharthy Abdulrhman
Published: August 2019

Background

Pain assessment and management are imperative parts of nursing care and considered as one of the most fundamental patient rights. The role of pain management education is well established in improving knowledge and attitude among nurses.

Objectives

This study aims to evaluate the impact of pain management educational program on the knowledge and attitudes of intensive care unit (ICU) staff nurses toward pain assessment and management. The baseline score of pain assessment and management knowledge and attitude of ICU nurses has been identified in a previous research, and the result showed immense lack of knowledge and poor attitudes among ICU nurses toward pain assessment and management when dealing with ICU patients.

Methods

This is a pretest-posttest experimental study, utilizing a self-reporting questionnaire tool to obtain information about nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward pain assessment and management after implementation of new pain management educational program for critical care nurses. Data were collected using the Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain tool that measures knowledge with 22 question items and measures attitude with 17 question items. Paper-based questionnaire was distributed to nurses for data collection.

Results and Conclusion

The results showed significant improvement in knowledge and attitudes about pain assessment and management among ICU nurses; it was evident after delivering pain management education program. At baseline, 204 ICU nurses gave consent and completed the questionnaire and thus included in baseline measurement before implementing the intervention. In the postintervention measurement, the questionnaire was distributed to the same participants included in the baseline phase from which 181 participants completed the questionnaire for the second time, with a response rate of 89%; the deficits and preconception in pain assessment and management can be improved through implementing pain management educational programs.
The Prevalence of Bacteria, Fungi, Viruses, and Acanthamoeba From 3,004 Cases of Keratitis, Endophthalmitis, and Conjunctivitis
Authors: Kowalski Regis P. , Nayyar Shannon V. , Romanowski Eric G. , Shanks Robert M.Q. , Mammen Alex , Dhaliwal Deepinder K. , Jhanji Vishal
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

The definitive identification of ocular pathogens optimizes effective treatment. Although the types of ocular pathogens are known; there is less definitive information on the prevalence of causative infections including viruses, fungi, and protozoa, which is the focus of this retrospective laboratory review.

Methods:

Data used for laboratory certification were reviewed for the detection of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, from patients with infectious keratitis, endophthalmitis, and conjunctivitis. The main outcome parameter was laboratory-positive ocular infection.

Results:

The distribution of infectious agents for keratitis (n=1,387) (2004–2018) was bacteria 72.1% (Staphylococcus aureus 20.3%, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18%, Streptococcus spp. 8.5%, other gram-positives 12.4%, and other gram-negatives 12.9%), Herpes simplex virus 16%, fungi 6.7%, and Acanthamoeba 5.2%. For endophthalmitis, (n=770) (1993–2018), the bacterial distribution was coagulase-negative Staphylococcus 54%, Streptococcus spp. 21%, S. aureus 10%, other gram-positives 8%, and gram-negatives 7%. The distribution for conjunctivitis (n=847) (2004–2018) was Adenovirus 34%, S. aureus 25.5%, Streptococcus pneumoniae 9%, Haemophilus 9%, other gram-negatives 8.8%, other gram-positives 6%, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus 4.5% and Chlamydia 3.2%.

Conclusion:

An updated monitoring of ocular pathogens creates an awareness of the different infectious etiologies and the importance of laboratory studies. This information can determine treatment needs for infectious ocular diseases.
Lamellar Dissection Technique for Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Graft Preparation
Authors: Tan Tien-En , Devarajan Kavya , Seah Xin-Yi , Lin Shu-Jun , Peh Gary Swee Lim , Cajucom-Uy Howard Yu , Ang Marcus Han Nian , Tan Donald Tiang Hwee
Published: August 2019

Purpose:

To describe a novel lamellar dissection technique for Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) graft preparation, and to evaluate the rate of endothelial cell loss (ECL) and graft preparation failure associated with this technique.

Methods:

We conducted an ex vivo laboratory-based study comparing ECL between the lamellar dissection and peeling techniques. Eight pairs of human donor corneas underwent calcein acetoxymethyl staining—all right eyes underwent the peeling technique and all left eyes underwent the lamellar dissection technique. ECL was quantified by image analysis with trainable segmentation software and compared between groups. We also conducted a retrospective analysis of 161 consecutive DMEK graft preparations by a single surgeon using the lamellar dissection technique from 2010 to 2018. Data on donor characteristics and graft preparation failures were obtained.

Results:

Baseline donor characteristics were comparable in both arms of the laboratory-based study. Mean (SD) ECL with the lamellar dissection and peeling techniques was 13.8% (4.2%) and 11.2% (6.1%), respectively. There was no significant difference between the two (P = 0.327). In the clinical series, there were 2 graft preparation failures in 161 cases (1.2%). Among cases performed on diabetic donor tissue, the rate of graft preparation failure was 4.7%.

Conclusions:

The lamellar dissection technique has a similar rate of ECL compared with the peeling technique for DMEK graft preparation. This technique also has a low rate of graft preparation failure and may be a useful technique for diabetic donor tissue.
Educational interventions for primary care providers to improve clinical skin examination for skin cancer
Authors: Stratton Delaney B. , Loescher Lois J.
Published: August 2019

Background and Purpose:

Skin cancer, the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States, is a serious health care concern. Early skin cancer detection improves prognosis; most common early detection approach is a comprehensive clinical skin examination (CSE). A CSE consists of skin cancer risk assessment, head-to-toe skin examination, and skin lesion assessment. Nurse practitioners (NPs) currently lack adequate training and confidence to conduct CSE. The goal of this systematic review was to learn more about published interventions targeting CSE training for primary care NPs and/or other primary care providers. The findings were categorized based on the established procedures for intervention development.

Methods:

The databases PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, 10 articles were selected for data extraction.

Conclusions:

There is a paucity of articles that report rigorously developed interventions aimed at educating primary care NPs to conduct CSE. Existing CSE interventions were not tested for efficacy or effectiveness, and the implementation methods were weak or not reported. A synthesis of the review findings revealed inadequately reported sample characteristics, vague intervention goals, unspecified frequency or duration of interventions, and lack of standardized intervention protocols.

Implications for practice:

This review builds a foundation for more rigorously developed interventions to improve CSE and provides guidance for NPs to select education on CSE and other clinical foci. Future research will guide the development and evaluate the effectiveness of CSE education, which ultimately could improve skin cancer prognosis interventions and lack of standardized intervention protocols.
A potentially deadly influenza mimic
Authors: Koch Julie A.
Published: August 2019

This case challenge presents a rare but potentially fatal condition initially mistaken for influenza. Prodromic manifestations are not uncommon at the time of diagnosis or in the preceding days in this idiopathic condition. Untreated, mortality rates are extremely high, but initiation of appropriate therapy has significantly improved survival. Pathophysiology, symptomatology, diagnostics, and treatment are detailed as the case study unfolds.
It takes a village: primary care of the pediatric liver transplant recipient
Authors: Hassan Sara , Ng Vicky Lee , Aqul Amal
Published: August 2019

Purpose of review

Long-term survival is now the rule rather than the exception for infants and children who undergo liver transplantation for end-stage liver disease, metabolic liver conditions and a variety of other indications. Pediatricians and primary care providers play vital roles in the care and management of this patient population. The purpose of this review is to highlight key aspects important to the care of the pediatric liver transplant recipient.

Recent findings

Significant advances in immunosuppressive therapies and surgical techniques have contributed to improved graft and patient survival rates, shifting the focus beyond immediate survival to strategies to minimize comorbidities related to long-term immunosuppression during growing years, attend to patient and parent-reported outcomes and enhance quality of life. A multidisciplinary approach allows for monitoring and surveillance of both routine (growth, nutritional rehabilitation, cognitive development, mental and psychosocial health, contraception and daily activities) and transplant-related (adverse effects of immunosuppression, susceptible infections, extra-hepatic systems, transition from childhood to adolescence to adulthood) themes.

Effective communication between the primary care physician and the transplant team is imperative for optimizing best outcomes. The primary care provider should be aware of the multifacet nature of posttransplant management, which includes medication regimens, common complications and infections.
Essential Nursing Care Management and Coordination Roles and Responsibilities
Authors: Luther Brenda , Barra Joyce , Martial Marc-Aurel
Published: August 2019

Background:

Care management roles and responsibilities are frequently called out in leading white papers and exemplars; yet, the actual roles and responsibilities are poorly defined.

Method:

A qualitative content analysis using 6 landmark white papers and exemplars from national organizations to collect emerging care management and coordination roles and responsibilities.

Results:

Three major themes emerged from the content analysis: (1) care management is about complex systems and complex medical and social needs, (2) nurses are central to the interdisciplinary team, and (3) informatics is vital to support and enhance care management.

Implications for Practice:

Care managers need to be experienced with complex systems of care as well as complex diagnoses and conditions that our clients and their caregiver's experience. A nurse being central to the clients and embedded within the interdisciplinary team aids in diminishing the burden of negotiating the trajectory of a condition/illness as well as improves the interdisciplinary communication and teamwork. This review of literature has defined the complexity of care management and the discreet roles and responsibilities, as well as how informatics is vital for care managers to target and monitor key populations needing care management.