bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socket Preservation with Hydroxyapatite Gipsum Puger Scaffold and Aloe vera on Fibroblast and Type 1 Collagen Cells
Authors: Naini Amiyatun , Clarissa Astiasari  , Muhammad Nurul Amin
Published: April 2022

Background: The prevalence of tooth extraction was 7.29% according to RISKESDAS 2018. Post-tooth extraction will cause injury and bone resorption. Scaffold material combination of hydroxyapatite gypsum puger (HAGP) and aloe vera (AV) can be used for preservation of extraction socket. Objective: To analyze fibroblast and type 1 collagen cells in the extraction socket after being induction by a combination of hydroxyapatite gypsum puger scaffold and aloe vera. Materials and Methods: Making a combination of gypsum puger hydroxyapatite scaffold and aloe vera, divided into four groups, namely negative control, aloe vera scaffold, HAGP scaffold, and HAGP+AV scaffold. Extraction of the mandibular 1st molar in Wistar rats, the application on the extraction socket was waited for 3, 5, 7, and 14 days. Preparation of preparations using Hemaktocillin Eosin staining method. Results: LSD test on the HAGP+AV scaffold group between days 3 and 5, days 3 and 7, days 3 and 14, days 5 and 7, days 5 and 14, days 7, and 14 were obtained (p=0.000), this shows a significant difference between the treatment groups. The results of type 1 collagen in the HAGP+AV scaffold group between days 3 and 14 were obtained (p=0.005) showing a significant difference. Each group on day 14 showed the highest number of fibroblast and type 1 collagen cells. Conclusion: The combination of HAGP+AV+gelatin scaffold can increase fibroblast cells and type 1 collagen after tooth extraction. The socket healing process is getting faster on day 14.
STUDI KELAYAKAN BUDIDAYA CACING TANAH BERBASIS JAMINAN PRODUK HALAL DI BARRU SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Setiawan Dedi , Pawennari Andi , Arminas Arminas , Firman Ahmad , Nusran Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Today, earthworms have a huge potential to be cultivated professionally for commercial business purposes. This earthworm business business is very beneficial for the benefit of the animal and fish feed industry, the needs of the pharmaceutical industry. Earthworms are commodities that are useful both for soil fertility and for the world of medicine. Treatment by using earthworms has been widely attempted in the community, even according to the MUI in the MUI Fatwa Number: 139 year 2000, confirming that the law is permissible (mubah). The purpose of this research is to find out a feasibility study for the establishment of an earthworm cultivation business to meet market demand which is currently still low. Data were taken from interviews and analysis using 5 aspects to determine the location of the earthworm cultivation business. Based on the analysis of the market aspect of earthworm cultivation in Barru district using the linear regression method of forecasting where the production capacity in 2021 is 1,779 with a production plan of 10%. In market share per year. The conclusion is that the law using worm extracts is permissible meaning that it is halal to try and consume the results of worm extracts for treatment, then on the financial aspect that IRR > MARR is 37.06% > 6%, it can be said that the establishment of an earthworm cultivation business in the district just worth continuing.
GERAKAN BERSIH PANTAI BERSAMA SEBAGAI PENDUKUNG PARIWISATA HALAL DI PESISIR PANTAI TELUK KECAMATAN LABUAN
Authors: Handayani E. Egriana , Jubaedah Dedeh , Himmawan Lambang Satria , Cahyanti Cahyanti , Solihah Kholifatus , Islamiyah Fatonah
Published: April 2022

According to Presidential Regulation No. 83 of 2018 on Handling Marine Waste, Marine Waste is garbage that comes from land, water, and coastal bodies that flow into the sea or garbage that comes from activities in the sea. While plastic waste is garbage that contains polymer compounds. This plastic waste has become the largest component of marine debris. Marine debris is found in all marine habitats, ranging from densely populated areas to remote locations that are untouched by humans; from coastal and shallow water areas to deep sea troughs. The density of marine debris varies from location to location, influenced by human activities, aquatic or weather conditions, the structure and behavior of the Earth's surface, the entry point, and physical characteristics of the waste material. Halal lifestyle has become a trend of need in the world. Halal tourism is part of the tourism industry that provides tourism services. By referring to islamic rules, in addition to the trend of halal tourism the majority of Muslims around the coastal village of Labuan subdistrict bay make an important factor that must be considered in the halal lifestyle by a Muslim. This research aims to invite the community around TPI Bay and Labuan Subdistrict Batako to participate in the Garbage Collection Movement to be used as Halal Tourism on the Coast of Labuan District Bay in 2021.
Effects of Exogenous ATP on Melanoma Growth and Tumor Metabolism in C57BL/6 Mice
Authors: Lei Yali , Zhou Xu , Zhao Yang , Zhang Jianfa
Published: April 2022

Altered energy metabolism (glucose, lipid, amino acid) is a hallmark of cancer growth that provides the theoretical basis for the development of metabolic therapies as cancer treatments. ATP is one of the major biochemical constituents of the tumor microenvironment. ATP promotes tumor progression or suppression depending on various factors, including concentration and tumor type. Here we evaluated the antitumor effect of extracellular ATP on melanoma and the potential underlying mechanisms. A subcutaneous tumor model in mice was used to investigate the antitumor effects of ATP. Major lymphocyte cell changes and intratumoral metabolic changes were assessed. Metabolomic analysis (1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) was performed on tumor samples. We measured the activities of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and LDHB in the excised tumors and serum and found that ATP and its metabolites affected the proliferation of and LDHA activity in B16F10 cells, a murine melanoma cell line. In addition, treatment with ATP dose-dependently reduced tumor size in melanoma-bearing mice. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the antitumor effect of ATP was not achieved through changes in T-cell or B-cell subsets. Metabolomics analysis revealed that ATP treatment simultaneously reduced multiple intratumoral metabolites related to energy metabolism as well as serum and tumor LDHA activities. Furthermore, both ATP and its metabolites significantly suppressed both tumor cell proliferation and LDHA activity in the melanoma cell line. Our results in vivo and in vitro indicate that exogenous ATP inhibits melanoma growth in association with altered intratumoral metabolism.
One approach to the design of individual mathematical models of security in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Kotukh Y.V. , Lyubchak V.O. , Strakh O.P.
Published: April 2022

The current level of development of engineering and technology is characterized by a constant expansion of the variety and complexity of mechanical and controlled objects, the operation of which occurs in a continuous-discrete time mode. One of these objects is the process of spreading malicious software in wireless sensor networks, the constant growth of trends towards which is due to their use as a single type of self-organized data transmission network with the least labor intensity and low cost.

The concept of building sensor networks has not been formed at all. Therefore, the study of certain properties of such networks is very important for both domestic and world science. Moreover, for the strategically important sectors of the country, in particular defense, the protection of wireless sensor networks is a very important component.

A new model of malware distribution is proposed, which is described by some boundary value problem for an impulsive dynamical system on a time scale.
Complexing of information channels of UAV detection and observation systems from the statistic solutions theory standpoint
Authors: Kartashov V.М. , Pososhenko V.O. , Kolisnyk V.I. , Kapusta A.I. , Rybnykov M.V. , Pershyn Y.V. , Kizka V.A.
Published: April 2022

Currently, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide a wide range of useful tasks for humanity, but, on the other hand, they pose a serious threat in economic, military and other areas of human activity. Difficulties in observing UAVs using modern technical means, as well as their relatively low cost, lead to an expansion of the scope of UAVs based illegal actions. Therefore, the protection of various objects against UAVs is a serious scientific and technical task of today.

Since the possibilities of the known methods of UAV detection are different, the joint use of systems of different types is realized in practice nowadays, in order to increase the informativeness of the obtained data by their joint (complex) processing.

The number of publications in this field is constantly increasing, and considerable attention is paid to integrated systems built on the basis of various physical sensors. However, the efficiency of multi-sensor systems with integrated processing of the output signals of the channels in practice remains insufficient.

This article is devoted to the study of methods for the synthesis of new, more efficient algorithms for complexing radar, acoustic, optical and infrared information channels of integrated UAV detection and recognition systems, which are performed from the standpoint of statistical theory of radio system optimization.

This approach allows synthesizing the optimal (according to the selected quality criterion) complex information processing system, which ensures obtaining the maximum amount of information from the vector process observed at the inputs of information channels. There shown the possibility of constructing an optimal UAV detector with the use of the late strategy of combining information at the level of decisions made in individual channels of the system.
Detection of radar signals scattered by acoustic disturbances generated by UAVs
Authors: Kartashov V.M. , Pososhenko V.A. , Kolesnik V.I. , Seleznjov I.S. , Bobnev R.I. , Kapusta A.I.
Published: April 2022

The problem of UAV radar monitoring by its acoustic radiation is considered. It is shown that in a number of practical cases such an approach is preferable to observation by radar methods directly from the UAV airframe. It is noted that the radio signals scattered by acoustic packets from the UAV are characterized by an unknown in advance complex envelope, which does not allow the use of optimal filtering methods for their detection and estimation. It is shown that to solve these problems, it is advisable to use the principle of accumulation over the observation interval of the energy of a narrow-band random process reduced to the noise dispersion, using the statistical differences between noise fluctuations and the additive "signal-plus-noise" mixture. It is shown that the energy estimate reduced to noise has either a central or an off-center "chi-square" distribution with a certain number of degrees of freedom and an off-center parameter greater than or equal to zero. As a result of comparing the current value of the no centrality parameter with the threshold value, a decision is made on the presence or absence of a useful signal in the observation interval with minimal a priori information about its parameters. It is noted that the well-known expressions for the differential probability densities of the central and non-central chi-square distributions allow one to obtain qualitative estimates of the synthesized detector. A practical structural diagram of a detector using processing of received oscillations in quadrature channels is proposed.
Study of the possibilities to use keyboard handwriting for the tasks of identifying students in e-learning systems
Authors: Gorelov D.Y. , Ivanova O.O. , Lytvynenko O.V. , Dovbnia A.A. , Minin D.O.
Published: April 2022

When using distance education systems, the problem of information security of the educational process arises, which, in addition to external ones, also implies internal threats. One of these threats can be a legitimate user who paid a fraudster to take tests and give visibility to educational activities under his own name. The use of traditional identification methods has two significant drawbacks: firstly, the ambiguity of the identified user, because the identification of the user occurs by the entered pair login-password; secondly, the inability to detect the substitution of an identified user in the process of working with the system. These disadvantages are eliminated by using biometric methods of covert and continuous monitoring.

In the first part of the work the different types of control knowledge tests are analyzed. Taking into account the specifics of the use of covert keyboard monitoring algorithms, the following is proposed: 1) to use tests that do not contain answers; 2) use tests after each learning activities in order to form a user’s biometric vector; 3) use tests with numerical answers in order to minimize the analyzed keystroke digraphs.

An algorithm for user’s profile formation and its identification is proposed in the second part of the work. Its combine qualitative (distribution of the frequencies of using numeric keys groups, comma-separated keys, “plus” and “minus” keys on the main and additional keyboard units) and quantitative (analysis of statistical properties of keystroke digraphs) approaches. The experimentally obtained estimates of the identification accuracy of the proposed algorithm: FAR=4.64% and FRR=6.25%.
Software quality model based on SQuaRE standards
Authors: Shtefan N. , Zaporozhets O.
Published: April 2022

Quality is one of the factors that ensure the commercial success and safety of using the software. Quality is understood as conformity the explicit and implicit requirements of various stakeholders. It is necessary to ensure a joint understanding between developers and users, engineers need to understand the meaning of the concept of quality, characteristics and importance of quality for the developed or maintained software. Measurements are the basis for quality assurance. They are the main tool for managing the life cycle of software products, assessing the implementation of plans and monitoring. To quantify quality, it is necessary to measure the characteristics of the software. Standardization provides unification of requirements for quality, its measurement and assessment. The use of standards has many potential benefits for any organization, especially in key areas such as measuring the quality of software products, information and measurement systems. Recognized international standards organizations have published the ISO/IEC 25000 series of standards for systems and software quality requirements and evaluation SQuaRE, which is gaining widespread practical application. The paper discusses a series of international standards SQuaRE, analyzes the relationship between the quality model, quality characteristics, quality measures and a new concept – a quality measure element of the software, presents the measurement of quality based on these standards.
Kontroversi Sejarah La Mohang Daeng Mangkona dan Hari Jadi Kota Samarinda: Sebuah Tinjauan Kritis
Authors: Sarip Muhammad , Nandini Nabila
Published: April 2022

The establishment of Samarinda on January 21st, 1668 which was set out by the Regional Government of the Municipality of Samarinda in Regional Regulation Number 1 of 1988, has been a controversy. The historical milestone of the establishment was based on the arrival event of a group from Sulawesi Island to Samarinda. Selection of this event disregards the traditional historiography record of an ancient Kutai local community which where exist long before the Bugis settlement in Samarinda Seberang. This study aims to analyse the historical validity of the arrival of La Mohang Daeng Mangkona's entourage in Samarinda Seberang which is claimed to be the basis for Samarinda City's establishment. Conducted with historical research methods, the result of this study found that the story of La Mohang Daeng Mangkona as the leader of the Bugis Wajo migrants to Samarinda is not based on valid historical sources. Following the result of this research, the researcher recommends to the Government of Samarinda City to revise and reconstruct the history of Samarinda City’s establishment based on the historiography method.
Yağlık Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus, L.) Üretiminde İşletme Büyüklük Gruplarına Göre Girdi Kullanım Etkinliğinin Analizi
Authors: SEMERCİ Arif
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı; Türkiye’nin Avrupa kıtasını oluşturan Trakya kesimindeki tarım işletmelerinde kuru şartlarda (rainfed conditions) yapılan yağlık ayçiçeği üretiminde işletme büyüklük gruplarına göre kullanılan fiziki üretim girdilerinin belirlenmesi, üretimde yer alan faktörlerin kaynak kullanım etkinliğinin tespit edilmesi ve ürün maliyetine etkisinin incelenmesidir. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler “Tabakalı Örnekleme Yöntemi” ile belirlenen 53 yerleşim birimindeki 571 tarım işletmesinden anket yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Araştırmada yağlık ayçiçeği üretim alanına göre işletmeler küçük (>9.9 ha), orta (10-19.99 ha) ve büyük (>20 ha) olmak üzere 3 grupta değerlendirilmiştir. İncelenen işletmelerde yağlık ayçiçeği üretiminde ortalama 1772.87 kg ha-1 verim elde edebilmek için; 3815 gr tohum, 196.43 kg kimyasal gübre, 1307.10 cc tarım ilacı, 49.46 saat işgücü, 98.12 lt mazot girdisine ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Üretim fonksiyonu kullanılarak elde edilen yağlık ayçiçeği üretimine ilişkin denklemin belirlilik katsayısı (R2) 0.907 olup, yağlık ayçiçeği üretiminde ölçeğe azalan getiri söz konusudur (∑βi: 0.932). İşletme geneli dikkate alındığında marjinal etkinlik katsayılarına göre; yağlık ayçiçeği üretiminde tohum ve tarımsal mücadele ilacı girdilerinin (0.03) fazla kullanıldığı, gübre girdisinin optimum düzeyde (1.03), işgücü girdisinin ise optimuma yakın (0.86) düzeyde kullanıldığı anlaşılmıştır. İşletmelerin geneline göre yağlık ayçiçeği üretim maliyeti 873.29 USD ha-1 olup, en düşük maliyet 866.20 USD ha-1 ile büyük işletmelere, kg başına en düşük maliyet ise 0.48 USD ha-1 ile orta büyüklükteki işletmelere aittir. İşletmelerin geneli bağlamında yağlık ayçiçeğinin üretim değeri 1134.64 USD ha-1 olup, Brüt kar 559.74 USD ha-1, Net Kar 261.35 USD/ha olarak hesaplanmıştır. Üretim değeri ortalaması (1163.08 USD/ha), Brüt Kar değeri ortalaması (580.89 USD ha-1) ve Net Kar değeri ortalaması (289.42 USD ha-1) en yüksek işletmeler orta büyüklükteki işletmelerdir. İşletmelerin ortalaması baz alındığında brüt kar değerinin üretim değerine oranı %49.33, Nispi Kar değeri ise 1.30 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Fayda/Masraf oranı en düşük olan değer 1.25 ile büyük işletmeler, en yüksek değer ise ise 1.33 ile orta büyüklükteki işletmelere aittir. Yapılan çalışma incelenen işletmelerde girdi kullanımının etkin olmaması nedeniyle ürün maliyetinde artış, üretici gelirinde azalma olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
Tarımsal Üretimde Kaynak Kullanım Etkinliğinin Belirlenmesi: Yağlık Ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus, L.) Üretimi Örneği
Authors: SEMERCİ Arif
Published: April 2022

Türkiye, dünyanın önemli yağlık ayçiçeği üreticisi ülkelerinden biridir. 2019 yılı FAO verileri göre dünya genelinde ayçiçeği üretim alanı 27.4 milyon ha olup, üretim miktarı da 56 milyon ton olarak gerçekleşmiştir. Türkiye’nin bu verilerdeki payı sırasıyla %2.75 ve %3.75’tir. 2019 yılı TÜİK verilerine göre Türkiye’de 676 bin ha alanda 1.95 milyon ton yağlık ayçiçeği üretimi gerçekleşmiştir. Trakya’nın Türkiye yağlık ayçiçeği üretim alanlarındaki payı %50.37, üretim miktarındaki payı ise %45.89’dur. Bu veriler Trakya’nın ülke genelinde yağlık ayçiçeği üretim merkezi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada; araştırma alanı olarak belirlenen Çanakkale, Edirne, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ ve İstanbul illerinde yağlık ayçiçeği üretiminde kullanılan fiziki girdilerin miktarlarının belirlenmesi ve üretimde yer alan faktörlerin kaynak kullanım etkinliğinin tespit edilmesidir. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler “Tabakalı Örnekleme Yöntemi” ile belirlenen 53 yerleşim birimindeki 571 tarım işletmesinden anket yoluyla elde edilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında incelenen işletmeler iller bazında 5 grupta değerlendirilmiştir. Üretim fonksiyonu kullanılarak elde edilen yağlık ayçiçeği üretimine ilişkin denklemin belirlilik katsayısı (R2) 0.907 olup, yağlık ayçiçeği üretiminde ölçeğe azalan getiri söz konusudur (∑βi: 0.932). İşletme geneli dikkate alındığında marjinal etkinlik katsayılarına göre; yağlık ayçiçeği üretiminde tohum ve tarımsal mücadele ilacı girdilerinin (0.03) fazla kullanıldığı, gübre girdisinin optimum düzeyde (1.03), işgücü girdisinin ise fazla (0.86) kullanıldığı anlaşılmıştır. Yapılan çalışma, iller bazında yağlık ayçiçeği üretiminde; verim, tohum, gübre, tarımsal mücadele ilacı, yağış faktörleri bakımından istatistiki açıdan önemli derecede fark gösterdiğini ortaya koymuştur. Araştırma alanında ortalama verim 1773 kg ha-1, birim alanda yağlık ayçiçeği üretim değeri ise1135 USD olarak hesaplanmış olup, iller arasında en yüksek üretim değeri Çanakkale ilinde (1404 USD/ha ) elde edilmiştir. İncelenen işletmelerde yağlık ayçiçeği üretim maliyeti 929 USD ha-1 olup, kg başına maliyetin en düşük olduğu il Edirne (0.47 USD), en yüksek olduğu il ise İstanbul (0,68 USD) olarak belirlenmiştir. İncelenen işletmelerde birim alandan elde edilen brüt kar değeri 580 USD ha-1, bu değerin en yüksek olduğu il yine Çanakkale ilidir (716 USD ha-1). İşletmelerin ortalaması baz alındığında brüt kar değerinin üretim değerine oranı %51.15, Nispi Kar değeri ise 1.22 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Fayda/Masraf oranı en düşük il 0.94 ile İstanbul, en yüksek değere sahip il ise 1.37 ile Edirne ili olmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda; yağlık ayçiçeği üretiminde yer alan girdilerin hem işletmeler genelinde hem de işletme büyüklük grupları bazında yeterince etkin bir şekilde kullanılmadığı ve bu durumun da ürün maliyetinin artmasına ve üretici gelirinin azalmasına neden olduğu anlaşılmıştır.
Истребительные батальоны НКВД в западных республиках СССР
Authors: Medvedev Timofey D.
Published: April 2022

After the liberation of the western republics of the Soviet Union from the German occupation, armed resistance to Soviet rule started, it forced the state to use significant resources to stabilize the situation. In the article, based on the reporting and management documentation of the NKVD bodies and party control documents, an attempt is made to explore the range of tasks, management methods, and methods of using fighter battalions, which were created in Western Ukraine, Belarus and the Baltic states immediately after the liberation of these territories. Particular emphasis is placed on the institutional and social history of these units, the personnel composition is analyzed, and the dynamics of its change during the study period is traced. Similar features and differences are revealed in the methods of formation and use of battalions operating in different republics. An attempt is being made to understand the motivation of the servicemen joining the ranks of the battalions, and determine what role personal interest played in their recruitment or acts of violence by the rebels. The study of the identified issues will allow not only to analyze a wide range of issues related to the activities of the NKVD fighter battalions at the final stage of the war, but also to supplement the understanding of how the Soviet state managed to win the civil war in the western borderlands.
PALEOPEDOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF LATE CENOZOIC DEPOSITS ON THE ARCHEOLOGICAL LOCATIONS GOLOVCHYNCY-1 IN KHMELNITSKAYA DISTRICT
Authors: Matviishyna Zhanna , Karmazinenko Sergii
Published: April 2022

It is represented paleopedological investigation of the new archeological section on the watershed inside of the territory of granite quarry near v. Golovchyncy with detail morphological description of deposits and scale field drawing with sticks of natural material; 10 samples with undisturbed structure are selected on micromorphological analysis.
It is analysised 10 thin sections with undisturbed structure from site Golovchyncy-1 deposits under polarizate microscope are looked through, peculiarities of micromorphological building are interpretated.
According to the results of the obtained new paleopedological data, three stratigraphic horizons have been singled out in the archeological section, located above the granite weathering crust – Illichiv, Shyrokyno and Holocene. Illichiv horizon is represented by yellowish-light-gray sands with a large number of fragments of stony material. The Shyrokyno horizon is represented by dark brown sandy-clay leached soil-pedosidiment (sh3), a layer of crumbly sand (sh2) and orange-rusty-brown in color, brown forest (southern facies) soil-pedosidiment (sh3). The modern Holocene horizon is represented by brown forest leached soil.
The obtained paleopedological (morpho- and micromorphological) data allowed to reproduce the natural conditions during certain paleogeographic stages of the Pleistocene and to reconstruct the living conditions of ancient man in the Lower Paleolithic. In particular, Shyrokyno soils with artifacts, formed in temperate climate. Their ancient age is confirmed by the high position on the modern watershed, the presence of a strong weathering crust grants and a primitive culture of processing the artifacts found. The upper Shyrokyno soil (sh3) reflects the conditions of the warm-temperate, warmer temperate-humid climate of the zone shifted to the north compared to the modern temperate. The lower (sh1) was formed in a warm-temperate, warmer than modern climate with a sufficiently precipitation regime, when the zones were shifted further north, compared to sh3 soil.
Key words: paleopedology; Pleistocene; soils; morphology; micromorphology.
PHASING FEATURES OF THE SOIL-FORMING PROCESS
IN AGROCHERNOZEMS OF WATERSHED PLATEU
IN THE CENTRAL PART OF PODILLIA
Authors: Papish Ihor , Hnatiuk Roman
Published: April 2022

The development of the paleosoils during the warm stages (thermochrons) of the Pliocene and Pleistocene, being reflected in the structure of soil-loess and red-brown formations of Ukraine, is characterized by a clear regularity. This is manifested in the formation of complex soil layered constructions (pedocomplexes) reflecting the chronological stages of pedogenesis. Agrochernozems of watershed plateu in the central part of Podillia, formed on the loess rocks of the Late Pleistocene age, also show this general regularity of Pliocene-Pleistocene soil formation. Contrasting changes in the physic-geographical conditions of pedolitogenesis in the ancient Holocene (late glacial) and evolutionary trend of soil formation during the following Holocene periods lasting for 10–8 thousand years led to the formation of a two-stage Holocene soil layering on the plakor lands of the region, represented by chernozem-type soils. Morphological signs of staged soil formation are concentrated in one genetic profile, which, along with the sign of anthropization of landscapes and soil formation significantly complicates the detailed identification of soils and their historical and genetic analysis.
The early stage of the local soil formation history is recorded in these soils in the form of solid-phase products of soil-forming processes (puppets, soil wormholes, coprolites, moles drains). These relict pedogenic formations are located in the lower part of the soil profile of agrochernozems. In general, in the soil profile of agrochernozems on the watershed plateu in the central part of Podillia the morphologically hidden stages of soil formation are noticeable, which is typical of the first half of the Holocene thermochron. The soil of the initial stage of pedogenesis correlates with the horizon of the mole loess P(h)k and the lower part of the transitional brown-colour horizon Phk or PhI. The humus profile of the plakor agrochernozems has soil characteristics of the early optimal stage, which lasted for 7–8 thousand years from the preboreal to the late subatlantic. There are no pedogenic signs of other stages of development of the pedocomplex. So, modern day soils of this region (agrochernozems) are polygenetic two-stage formations that have not reached the status of full-fledged pedocomplex.
Key words: evolution; pedogenesis; agrochernozem; Holocene; stages of soil formation; pedocomplex; Podillіa.
New locality records for Xylocopa (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae) fauna of Turkey
Authors:   Ege University, Turkey, Tezcan S. , Skyrpan I. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Ukraine
Published: April 2022

Background. The article presents the results of the research on carpenter bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Xylocopinae: Xylocopa) housed in the Lodos Entomological Museum (Ege University, Izmir, Turkey). There are 10 species of Xylocopa occurring on the territory of Turkey. Three of them are common and abundant (X. violacea, X. valga and X. iris) and the other species are moderately common or rare. The aim of this study is to present new locality records of the material on the Xylocopa fauna of Turkey preserved in the Lodos Entomological Museum, Turkey. Material and Methods. The objects of our research were carpenter bees collected from different localities of Turkey between 1975 and 2018 and housed in the Lodos Entomological Museum. Insects were collected by researchers, students and amateurs. We used stereoscopic microscope Bresser Advance ICD 10x-160x and specialized keys for Xylocopa identifi­cation. Results. We analyzed 262 specimens of carpenter bees that belong to four species (Xylocopa iris, X. pubescens, X. valga and X. violacea). The information on the specimens’ location and brief notes on the plants on which they were foraging is provided. Three of the analyzed species namely X. iris, X. valga and X. violacea are listed in the category “Least Concern” of the IUCN Red List. Conclusions. We found new locality records for three Xylocopa species: X. iris reported from Manisa pro­vince for the first time, X. valga – from Antalya, Aydın, Denizli and Manisa and X. violacea – from Balıkesir, Denizli, Manisa and Tekirdağ pro­vinces of Turkey. Further studies aiming to improve the knowledge on Xylocopa fauna should focus on collecting in little-known areas and some specific habitats of Turkey.
Accountability or Equity: Combining Topic Models and Qualitative Analysis to Examine Public Rhetoric about Performance-Based Funding
Authors: Gándara Denisa , Daenekindt Stijn
Published: April 2022

Examining rhetoric is important to understanding educational policymaking. This study focuses on rhetoric on one educational policy, performance-based funding (PBF) for higher education. In contrast to previous research on PBF, we analyze rhetoric in both states that implemented the policy and those that opted out. We employ a sequential mixed-methods design combining topic modeling with qualitative analysis of newspapers. Findings indicate that rhetoric in states that implemented PBF aligned closely with neoliberalism. Rhetoric from non-implementer states focused on higher education agents and policy processes, and was more likely to highlight equity than rhetoric from implementer states. This study sheds light on policy innovation and diffusion by contrasting rhetoric around PBF between states that implemented the policy and those that held out.
Spread Too Thin: The Effect of Specialization on Teaching Effectiveness
Authors: Hwang NaYoung , Kisida Brian
Published: April 2022

Although the majority of elementary school teachers cover all major subjects in self-contained classrooms, a growing number of teachers specialize in teaching fewer subjects to higher numbers of students. We use administrative data from Indiana to estimate the effect of teacher specialization on teacher and school effectiveness in elementary schools. We find that teacher specialization leads to lower teaching effectiveness in math and reading, and the negative effects are larger when teaching students who are more likely to experience obstacles in school. Moreover, we find no evidence that increasing the proportion of teacher specialists at the school level generates improvements in indicators of school quality. Our findings underscore the importance of fostering opportunities to develop stronger student–teacher relationships.
Menakar Transformasi Bawaslu Menjadi Lembaga Independen Peradilan Pemilukada
Authors: Sumodiningrat Aprilian
Published: April 2022

Pengaturan kewenangan lembaga yang menyelesaikan sengketa Pemilukada mengalami perubahan sejak diundangkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 12 tahun 2008 tentang perubahan kedua atas Undang-Undang Nomor 32 tahun 2004 tentang pemerintahan daerah. Perubahan tersebut berakibat pada Mahkamah Konstitusi diberikan kewenangan untuk menyelesaikan sengketa hasil Pemilukada, namun melalui putusan nomor 97/PUU-XI/2013 Mahkamah Konstitusi membatalkan kewenangan tersebut. Putusan tersebut direspon oleh Presiden dan DPR dengan terbitnya Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 2015 yang mengisyaratkan penyelesaian sengketa hasil Pemilukada diselesaikan oleh Mahkamah Konstitusi, hingga terbentuk lembaga peradilan khusus pemilu. Pokok permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu apa yang menjadi urgensi transformasi Bawaslu menjadi peradilan khusus pemilu dan bagaimana wujud serta ruang lingkup Bawaslu apabila ditransformasikan menjadi peradilan khusus pemilu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa realitas Bawaslu sebagai lembaga quasi peradilan yang bertindak sebagai penyidik dan penuntut umum dalam perkara tindak pidana pemilu semakin menguatkan harapan transformasi Bawaslu menjadi peradilan khusus pemilu yang independen.Since Law Number 12 of 2008, there has been a change in the regulation of the institution's power that settles Regional Election disputes. The Constitutional Court was given jurisdiction to decide disputes regarding Regional Election results due to this reform. By judgment number 97/PUU-XI/2013, the Constitutional Court revoked this power. In response to this judgment, the President and the House of Representatives of Republic of Indonesia issued Law No.8 of 2015, which stated that the Constitutional Court would redetermine the Regional Election results until a special election court was established. The fundamental issue addressed in this paper is the necessity of converting Bawaslu into a special election court and the form and scope of Bawaslu after it has been changed. A normative legal research technique is used in this work. The study's findings show that Bawaslu actuality as a quasi-judicial entity that works as an investigator and public prosecutor in electoral crime cases supports the argument for its transition into an independent election special court.
Design Of Wedding Jewelry Stacking Mechanism With Vina Musical Instrument Theme On Kendalisodo Temple Relief
Authors: Herdiana Wyna , Waluyo Prayogo Widyastoto , Lombardi Timothy , Nadya Maria
Published: April 2022

Kendalisada temple dates from the middle of the 15th century which is the last stage of the Majapahit period. The author would like to re-introduce the existence of Kendalisada Temple to modern society today by designing a wedding jewelry set product inspired by the reliefs of Kendalisada Temple which tells the story of Prince Panji and Dewi Sekartaji who are sitting intimately, then the prince plays the Vina musical instrument to entertain his lover, where for the surroundings there are natural landscapes such as mountains and water. In the design process, the author used a qualitative method in the form of a literature study which includes searching for data through books, electronic sources, and related journals about Kendalisada Temple, Kendalisada Temple reliefs, Vina musical instruments, types of jewelry, jewelry materials, wedding jewelry, jewelry making techniques, markets. research, and trend forecasting. The author also used the cultural design method to transfer the culture in the relief into a product. The design process used 4 stages, namely investigation, interaction, script development, and product design. After that, the author made some ornaments and then developed more. The author uses the stacking method in jewelry making where the use of jewelry in the form of sets is stacked with a total of 2-3 pcs for each type of jewelry.
The Effectivity of Microsoft Word Layout for quadriplegic Through a technology of webcam used as a mouse
Authors: Utomo Jessica Kristanti , - Erandaru , Cahyadi Jacky
Published: April 2022

A quadriplegic is a person who is not able to do activities like normal people due to disablement in their body. During this vast digital age, a technological invention that can help people with quadriplegic is the web camera that is used as a mouse— called a camera mouse— for the computer. Which can then be implemented with Microsoft word software so it can help to access a computer or laptop. Before being used with the camera mouse, Microsoft word itself requires a special mode, namely physical distancing mode. This mode will later be a plugin that can be activated in Microsoft word. The existing Microsoft word layout has not been able to accommodate the use of the camera mouse without errors. The current Microsoft word software is not able to stand alone incorporating a camera mouse because the layout does not accommodate the works of the camera mouse. Therefore, a plugin is needed to support the software, named an accessibility mode.
Simülasyon Laboratuvarında Verilen Eğitimin Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin İntravenöz Kateterizasyon Becerisine Etkisi
Authors: Öztaş Bediye , Kara Belgüzar , Zengin Hülya , Güçlü Aylin , On Bahar
Published: April 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, senaryo temelli yüksek gerçeklikli simülasyon eğitiminin öğrencilerin intravenöz kateterizasyon becerileri ile endişe düzeyleri üzerine etkisini değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma yarı deneysel olarak planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın evrenini ve örneklemini 48 birinci sınıf hemşirelik bölümü öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında öğrencilerin tanımlayıcı özelliklerini içeren soru formu, ‘Durumluk-Sürekli Kaygı Ölçeği’ ve ‘İntravenöz Kateterizasyon Beceri Kontrol Listesi’ kullanılmıştır. Simülasyon laboratuvarında eğitim için hasta odası olarak donanımlı hale getirilmiş bir salonda insan vücudunu simüle edebilir yapıda bir simülatör kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin %81.2’si kadınlardan oluşmaktadır ve %95.8’si lise mezunudur. Öğrencilerin demonstrasyon eğitimi sonrası ve senaryo temelli yüksek gerçeklikli simülasyon eğitimi sonrası intravenöz kateterizasyon beceri kontrol listesinden aldıkları puanlar arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıdır (p<0.05). Demonstrasyon eğitimi öncesi ile sonrası ve demonstrasyon eğitimi öncesi ile simülasyon eğitimi sonrası öğrencilerin durumluk ve süreklilik kaygı puanları arasındaki fark anlamlıdır (p<0.05). Demonstrasyon eğitimi sonrası ile simülasyon eğitimi sonrası kaygı düzeyleri arasındaki fark anlamlı değildir (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Öğrencilerin eğitiminde senaryo temelli yüksek gerçeklikli simülasyon yönteminin kullanımı intravenöz kateterizasyon becerilerini olumlu yönde etkilemiştir ancak kaygı düzeylerini etkilememiştir.
Bir Yenilikçilik Olarak Çok İşlevli Tarımın Gelişiminde Kurumsal Kapasitenin Rolü; İzmir Örneği
Authors: YAZAR YILDIZTEKİN Merve , EROL Demet
Published: April 2022

Günümüzde artık bölgesel kalkınma politikaları, coğrafyada gömülü olan kurumsal rutinler ve sosyal geleneklerin şekillendirdiği kurumsal kapasitelere odaklanmaktadır. Bir yenilikçilik olarak çok işlevli tarımın da gelişme yörüngelerinin ve yerel kalkınma için yüklenebileceği potansiyellerin ortaya koyulabilmesi için kurumsal kapasitelerin farklı coğrafik ölçeklerde kavramsallaştırılması gerekmektedir. Çalışmanın temel sorusu, bir yeniliğin gelişiminde kurumsal kapasitelerin rolünün ne olduğudur. Bu amaçla çok işlevli tarımın gelişiminin kurumsal kapasite ile ilişkisinin ve yansımalarının farklı coğrafik ölçeklerde araştırılması amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma alanı olarak İzmir İli seçilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında; ulusal ve uluslararası literatür ile politika belgelerinden faydalanılmış ve bu kaynaklarla toplanan veriler; bölgesel ve yerel düzeyde gerçekleştirilen 39 görüşme ile tamamlanmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen çıktılara göre yenilikçi girişimlerin doğuşunda, ekolojik farkındalığın gelişmesi ile tüketici alışkanlıkları ve beklentilerindeki değişimin oluşturduğu bir sosyal aktivizm etkili olmuştur. Bununla birlikte tüm bu pratiklerinin gelişiminde İzmir’in politik iklimi, yeniliklere açık kültürü ve gelişmiş sosyal sermayesi çok büyük bir paya sahiptir. Çalışma kapsamında çok işlevli tarım örneğinde kurumsal kapasitelerin farklı coğrafik ölçeklerde kavramsallaştırması ile ilişkili yazına katkı sağlanmakta ve bir yeniliğin gelişim yörüngeleri ortaya koyularak yerel kalkınma açısından çoğaltılabilir bir gelişime kalıbı ortaya koyulmaktadır.
Studi Kasus: Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Pada Tn.F Dengan Masalah Halusinasi
Authors: Darman Mendrofa
Published: April 2022

Ganguan jiwa di Indonesia pada tahun 2019 di urutan pertama Provinsi Bali 11,1% dan nomor dua disusul oleh Provinsi DI Yogyakarta 10,4%, NTB 9,6%, Provinsi Sumatera Barat 9,1%, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan 8,8%, Provinsi Aceh 8,7%, Provinsi Jawa Tengah 8,7%, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah 8,2%, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan 8%, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat 7,9%. Sedangkan Provinsi Sumatera Utara berada pada posisi ke 21 dengan prevalensi 6,3%
PEMBENTUKAN DAERAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mutmainnah
Published: April 2022

Asas otonomi daerah dengan menggunakan asas otonomi luas, dalam arti daerah diberikan kewenangan untuk mengelola dan mengatur segala urusan pemerintahan menjadi urusan pemerintah di luar yang ditentukan dalam undang-undang nomor 32 tahun 2004 tentang pemerintah daerah. Pemekaran wilayah dimaksudkan untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di daerah dan meningkatkan demokrasi lokal, dan meningkatkan efektifitas pelayanan publik ternyata melenceng dari tujuan. banyak masalah yang muncul di daerah pemekaran, mulai dari masalah yang terkait dengan peraturan perundang-undangan sampai pada implementasi seperti itu. Namun pemekaran wilayah terus mengalir dan sepertinya sulit dibendung baik oleh pemerintah daerah (induk) maupun pemerintah (dalam) kementerian) parlemen dan perwakilan dewan juga menunjukkan bahwa ruang wilayah daerah. Ini bukan hanya masalah pemerintah administrasi tetapi juga termasuk dengan ekonomi, politik, termasuk kuatnya dimensi politik di daerah pemekaran. Oleh karena itu penting untuk memiliki grand design penataan daerah, terkait dengan pemerintah pusat, berperan dalam mengendalikan pembentukan daerah-daerah outonomous baru di rangka mencapai tujuan pembentukan daerah baru, yang mewujudkan tujuan otonomi daerah baik tujuan politik, ekonomi, dan tujuan pemerintah pusat dan daerah.
Prediction for the Processes with Almost Cyclostationary Structure
Authors: Pho Kim-Hung , Fu Zhenshuai , Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza , Tuan Bui Anh
Published: April 2022

This paper is devoted to establish a computational approach to predict the processes with almost cyclostationary structure. The main idea is based on the estimating of the support of spectra and using the discrete Fourier transform and periodogram of almost cyclostationary processes. The simulated and real datasets are applied to study the performance of the introduced approach. The results confirm that the presented method acts efficiently for simulated and real datasets.
Resume elastisitas permintaan dan penawaran
Authors: Yuliaulandari Novita
Published: April 2022

Elastisitas harga permintaan mengukur seberapa banyak permintaan barang dan jasa (konsumsi) berubah ketika harganya berubah. Elastisitas permintaan ditunjukkan dalam bentuk presentase perubahan kuantitas yang diminta sebagai akibat dari satu persen perubahan harga. Sedangkan, Elastisitas harga penawaran mengukur seberapa banyak penawaran barang dan jasa berubah ketika harganya berubah. Elastisitas harga ditunjukkan dalam bentuk presentase perubahan atau kuantitas yang ditawarkan sebagai akibat dari satu persen perubahan harga.
Elevated NAB1 expression distinguishes basal-like human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2022

Patients diagnosed with basal-like breast cancer face a more aggressive disease course and more dismal prognosis than patients diagnosed with luminal A and luminal B breast cancer molecular subtypes (1-4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to understand in an unbiased fashion the most distinguishing transcriptional features of tumors from patients with basal or basal-like subtype breast cancer. We observed transcriptome-wide differential expression of NGFI-A binding protein 1, NAB1, when comparing tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer with that of other PAM50 molecular subtypes. NAB1 mRNA was present at significantly higher quantities in the tumors of patients with basal-like breast cancer. Analysis of patient survival data revealed that NAB1 primary tumor expression was correlated with overall survival in basal subtype breast cancer. Elevated NAB1 expression appears to distinguish basal-like human breast cancer from the other molecular subtypes.
Testing the Equality of the Spectral Densities for Several Independent Almost Cyclostationary Time Series
Authors: Zhou Rui , Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza , Qasem Noman , Pho Kim-Hung
Published: April 2022

In time series analysis, comparing spectral densities of several processes with almost periodic spectra is an interested problem. The aim of this paper is to give an approach to test the equality among spectral densities of several independent almost periodically correlated (cyclostationary) processes. This approach is based on the limiting distribution for the periodogram and the discrete Fourier transform. The simulation results indicate that the approach well acts.
Children’s judgments of interventions against norm violations: COVID-19 as a naturalistic case study
Authors: Lee Young-eun , Marshall Julia , Deutchman Paul , McAuliffe Katherine , Warneken Felix
Published: April 2022

The coronavirus pandemic has had a significant influence on social interactions, introducing novel social norms such as mask-wearing and social distancing to protect people’s health. Because these norms and associated practices are completely novel, it is unknown how children assess what kinds of interventions are appropriate under what circumstances and what principles they draw upon in their decisions. We investigated children’s reasoning about interventions against individuals who failed to adhere to COVID-19 norms. In this pre-registered study (N = 128), 4-to-7-year-olds heard stories about a norm violator, i.e., a person who refuses to wear a mask in class (COVID condition) or wear indoor shoes in class when his/her shoes are muddy (Muddy Shoes condition). Children evaluated four different interventions —giving a mask/indoor shoes (Giving), preventing the person from entering (Exclusion), throwing a paper ball at the person (Throwing), or not intervening (Doing Nothing)— in terms of its rightness, niceness, and effectiveness. We found that across measures, children evaluated Giving most positively, while they viewed Throwing most negatively. Doing nothing and Exclusion received mixed evaluations across measures, revealing nuanced judgments of these interventions in children. In most measures, there was no difference between COVID and Muddy Shoes condition, suggesting that children’s evaluations are not specific to the novel COVID-19 context. Together, our results show that children dynamically evaluate each intervention, taking multiple factors into account. The current study has implications for the development of interventions against norm violations.
HUBUNGAN DAN PEMBAGIAN KERJA DALAM PENGELOLAAN KOPERASI
Authors: MIRNAWATI
Published: April 2022

Masyarakat merupakan sebuah organisasi yang merupakan kumpulan dari sejumlah individu yang tentunya memiliki visi dan misi yang sama dalam menjalani kehidupan, Sebelum terjun kedalam sebuah masyarakat. Koperasi adalah soko guru atau tiang utama penyangga ekonomi rakyat banyak. Soko guru akan kuat jika peran serta anggotanya benar-benar berfungsi secara aktif dan kreatif.