bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A data-driven Markov process for infectious disease transmission
Authors: Wang Chengliang , Mustafa Sohaib
Published: August 2023

The 2019 coronavirus pandemic exudes public health and socio-economic burden globally, raising an unprecedented concern for infectious diseases. Thus, describing the infectious disease transmission process to design effective intervention measures and restrict its spread is a critical scientific issue. We propose a level-dependent Markov model with infinite state space to characterize viral disorders like COVID-19. The levels and states in this model represent the stages of outbreak development and the possible number of infectious disease patients. The transfer of states between levels reflects the explosive transmission process of infectious disease. A simulation method with heterogeneous infection is proposed to solve the model rapidly. After that, simulation experiments were conducted using MATLAB according to the reported data on COVID-19 published by Johns Hopkins. Comparing the simulation results with the actual situation shows that our proposed model can well capture the transmission dynamics of infectious diseases with and without imposed interventions and evaluate the effectiveness of intervention strategies. Further, the influence of model parameters on transmission dynamics is analyzed, which helps to develop reasonable intervention strategies. The proposed approach extends the theoretical study of mathematical modeling of infectious diseases and contributes to developing models that can describe an infinite number of infected persons.
Potential facilitators and inhibitors to the implementation and sustainability of the community-based tuberculosis care interventions. A case study from Moshupa, Botswana
Authors: Sejie Gabalape Arnold , Mahomed Ozayr H.
Published: August 2023

Background

Eliminating Tuberculosis is one of the targets of Sustainable Development Goal Three. Decentralizing TB care beyond health facilities by leveraging community involvement is crucial for safeguarding effective tuberculosis care. In this study, we explored potential facilitators and inhibitors of the implementation and sustainability of community-based interventions for the prevention and treatment of TB in the Moshupa district, Botswana.

Methods

This study adopted a qualitative approach using a collective case design. An interpretive paradigm based on relativist ontology and subjectivist epistemology along with abductive research logic was used. The study enrolled treatment supporters of tuberculosis patients diagnosed with drug-susceptible tuberculosis between January 2019 and December 2019 in Moshupa Village for semi-structured interviews, Health care professionals for in-depth interviews, and e community leaders for focus group discussions. Clinic-based observations in Mma-Seetsele clinic were also conducted to corroborate the participants’ views. The data collected was analyzed using the NVivo version 12 software package, and statements of the participants were presented as quotes to substantiate the issues discussed.

Results

This study highlighted effective partnerships between health services and external stakeholders, community empowerment, and the availability of policies and standard operating procedures as facilitators of community TB implementation and sustainability. However, Insufficient funding, low service provider training, policies not embracing age and educational eligibility for treatment supporters, shortage of equipment, medicines, and supplies, inadequate transport availability and incentives to meet clients’ basic needs, paper-based systems, inadequate supervision, incomplete data reporting, and low service quality affected the Community TB program efficacy and sustainability in Moshupa. We also found that there was low service provider motivation and retention and that clients had low trust in treatment supporters.

Conclusion

The findings of this study imply that the operational effectiveness of the community TB care approach to disease elimination is compromised; therefore, initiatives addressing the key components, including the availability of resources, governance arrangements and supportive systems for community health workers, are required for successful community TB implementation and sustainability.
Textiles and Fashion, 3rd ed., Jenny Udale (2023)
Authors: Sikarskie Amanda
Published: August 2023

Review of: Textiles and Fashion, 3rd ed., Jenny Udale (2023)

London: Bloomsbury, 216 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35009-489-5, p/bk, $29.95
Role of Biliary Stent in Recurrence of Biliary Stones and Complications After Stone Clearance in Patients Awaiting Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Sasani Arpit , Mandavdhare Harshal S. , Sharma Vishal , Shah Jimil , Patil Amol , Gupta Pankaj , Samanta Jayanta , Singh Harjeet , Dutta Usha
Published: August 2023

INTRODUCTION:

The role of prophylactic biliary stenting after clearance of choledocholithiasis in patients awaiting cholecystectomy for concomitant cholelithiasis is controversial. We planned a randomized controlled trial to study the effect of prophylactic biliary stenting after achieving biliary clearance in reducing recurrence of choledocholithiasis and biliary complications in patients awaiting cholecystectomy.

METHODS:

Patients with concomitant cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis were included, and those who had evidence of clearance of choledocholithaisis (documented on occlusion cholangiogram during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography [ERC]) were randomized to prophylactic biliary stenting or no stenting. Choledocholithaisis recurrence rate (primary outcome), biliary complications and need for repeat/emergency ERC (secondary outcomes) were compared till 3 months after clearance.

RESULTS:

Between September 2021 and July 2022, 70 patients were randomized into group A, stenting (n = 35), and group B, no stenting (n = 35). Sixty-six patients were included in the final analysis. Baseline characteristics were comparable between the 2 groups. Ten (15.2%) patients had recurrence of choledocholithiasis, and it was comparable between the 2 groups (7/34 [20.6%] and 3/34 [9.4%], P = 0.306). Five patients (2 cholecystitis and 3 post-ERC pancreatitis) from the stent group while none from the no stent group developed complications, and this difference was statistically significant (P = 0.024). None of the patients in both the groups needed emergency ERC during the follow-up.

DISCUSSION:

This randomized trial shows a higher complication rate with prophylactic stenting, while there is no benefit in preventing choledocholithiasis recurrence in patients waiting for cholecystectomy after biliary clearance (CTRI registration number: CTRI/2021/09/036538).
Towards diagnostic excellence on academic ward teams: building a conceptual model of team dynamics in the diagnostic process
Authors: Choi Justin J. , Rosen Michael A. , Shapiro Martin F. , Safford Monika M.
Published: August 2023

Objectives

Achieving diagnostic excellence on medical wards requires teamwork and effective team dynamics. However, the study of ward team dynamics in teaching hospitals is relatively underdeveloped. We aim to enhance understanding of how ward team members interact in the diagnostic process and of the underlying behavioral, psychological, and cognitive mechanisms driving team interactions.

Methods

We used mixed-methods to develop and refine a conceptual model of how ward team dynamics in an academic medical center influence the diagnostic process. First, we systematically searched existing literature for conceptual models and empirical studies of team dynamics. Then, we conducted field observations with thematic analysis to refine our model.

Results

We present a conceptual model of how medical ward team dynamics influence the diagnostic process, which serves as a roadmap for future research and interventions in this area. We identified three underexplored areas of team dynamics that are relevant to diagnostic excellence and that merit future investigation (1): ward team structures (e.g., team roles, responsibilities) (2); contextual factors (e.g., time constraints, location of team members, culture, diversity); and (3) emergent states (shared mental models, psychological safety, team trust, and team emotions).

Conclusions

Optimizing the diagnostic process to achieve diagnostic excellence is likely to depend on addressing all of the potential barriers and facilitators to ward team dynamics presented in our model.
Internal and external appraisals of analytical writing. A proposal for assessing development and potential improvement
Authors: Tolchinsky Liliana , Rosado Elisa , Aparici Melina
Published: August 2023

This paper introduces Developing analytical writing (DAW), a model of text analysis aimed at capturing how social expectancies of analytical writing become part of students’ linguistic literacy. DAW proposes a multilayer analysis of text features on repeated text production prompted by the same and different topics, control for pedagogical input, and researcher- and reader-based evaluations of text quality. We revise DAW previous implementations that delved into lexical, syntactic-discursive, and structural aspects of analytical essays as indexes for developing writing proficiency. We focus thereafter on a current application of DAW to assess content-related dimensions: explicitness of a central standpoint, flexibility of writers’ positioning, and expression of reflective thinking. Analyses revealed that the probability of explicitness and reflexiveness increases from elementary to higher levels of schooling, while the probability of flexible positioning appeared conditioned by text topic and pedagogical input. The three dimensions showed stronger effect of instruction on high schoolers’ than on elementary and university students’ texts. Regression analyses support a foundational role of development and a significant contribution of the assessed dimensions to an appraisal of text quality. DAW facilitates distinguishing analytical text features that improve in the course of development from those sensitive to pedagogical scaffolding.
Explicit grammar instruction in the EFL classroom: studying the impact of age and gender
Authors: Frøisland Frøis O. , Fossumstuen Stian G. , Calafato Raees
Published: August 2023

The long-standing emphasis on communicative language teaching has resulted in a de-emphasis of explicit grammar instruction (EGI) in favour of an implicit, intuitive approach to learning grammar that can lead to fossilized errors, which learners are then unable to correct. In terms of research, relatively little is known about how students and teachers approach EGI, especially at transition points between primary and secondary school. This article reports on an online questionnaire-based study that explored the beliefs of 405 learners and 17 teachers (including the latter’s reported practices) regarding EGI in the English classroom in primary and lower-secondary grades in Norway. The findings revealed that primary school students, as well as female participants, had more positive beliefs about EGI than those in lower-secondary schools (and male participants). Furthermore, teachers’ and students’ affective beliefs about EGI differed meaningfully sometimes, as did teachers’ implementation of EGI-related activities that the students most enjoyed.
Ist die Leuenberger Konkordie ein Bekenntnis?
Authors: Axt-Piscalar Christine
Published: August 2023

Der Beitrag verdeutlicht, dass und warum die Leuenberger Konkordie kein Bekenntnis ist, und dass sie gerade so ihre spezifische Funktion erfüllt. Er erläutert die Kriterien, nach denen Kirchengemeinschaft erklärt wird, und betont die Besonderheit des Modells der Leuenberger Konkordie, Kirchengemeinschaft unter Achtung des „unterschiedlichen Bekenntnisstandes“ darzustellen und zu leben. Die ekklesiale Aufgabe der Gemeinschaft Evangelischer Kirchen in Europa (GEKE) wird darin gesehen, Einheit der Kirchen unter Anerkennung ihrer legitimen Vielfalt zu praktizieren.
Tribological behavior of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for acetabular replacement under frictional heat based on molecular dynamics
Authors: Wang Songquan , Wang Kaijun , Fang Xingxing , Li Dahan , Lin Hao , Guo Yongbo
Published: August 2023

Hip prostheses generate higher frictional heat than natural joints at the joint head-socket interface during in vivo service, resulting in higher temperatures of the contact surfaces and surrounding synovial fluid, which affects the frictional properties of the prosthetic material. In order to clarify the influence mechanism of frictional heat on the tribological behavior of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) for acetabular replacement, the tribological tests of three contact pairs were carried out under different synovial fluid temperatures in this research. Furthermore, the movement processes of the molecular chain structure of UHMWPE during friction were simulated by Materials Studio (MS), and the mechanism of oxidative degradation was discussed. The results show that the temperature of synovial fluid has a significant effect on the friction and wear resistance of UHMWPE and the lubrication characteristics of synovial fluid. At the same time, the action mechanism of the proteins in the synovial fluid that gradually precipitate with the temperature rise to participate in the friction process is related to the friction pair material and contact mode. The synergistic effect of temperature rise and friction will accelerate the oxidative degradation reaction of UHMWPE and form ketone and alcohol oxides on its surface, thus reducing its wear resistance.
Echoes from Intrinsic Connectivity Networks in the Subcortex
Authors: Groot Josephine M. , Miletic Steven , Isherwood Scott J. S. , Tse Desmond H. Y. , Habli Sarah , Håberg Asta K. , Forstmann Birte U. , Bazin Pierre-Louis , Mittner Matthias
Published: August 2023

Decades of research have greatly improved our understanding of intrinsic human brain organization in terms of functional networks and the transmodal hubs within the cortex at which they converge. However, substrates of multinetwork integration in the human subcortex are relatively uncharted. Here, we leveraged recent advances in subcortical atlasing and ultra-high field (7 T) imaging optimized for the subcortex to investigate the functional architecture of 14 individual structures in healthy adult males and females with a fully data-driven approach. We revealed that spontaneous neural activity in subcortical regions can be decomposed into multiple independent subsignals that correlate with, or “echo,” the activity in functional networks across the cortex. Distinct subregions of the thalamus, striatum, claustrum, and hippocampus showed a varied pattern of echoes from attention, control, visual, somatomotor, and default mode networks, demonstrating evidence for a heterogeneous organization supportive of functional integration. Multiple network activity furthermore converged within the globus pallidus externa, substantia nigra, and ventral tegmental area but was specific to one subregion, while the amygdala and pedunculopontine nucleus preferentially affiliated with a single network, showing a more homogeneous topography. Subregional connectivity of the globus pallidus interna, subthalamic nucleus, red nucleus, periaqueductal gray, and locus coeruleus did not resemble patterns of cortical network activity. Together, these finding describe potential mechanisms through which the subcortex participates in integrated and segregated information processing and shapes the spontaneous cognitive dynamics during rest.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDespite the impact of subcortical dysfunction on brain health and cognition, large-scale functional mapping of subcortical structures severely lags behind that of the cortex. Recent developments in subcortical atlasing and imaging at ultra-high field provide new avenues for studying the intricate functional architecture of the human subcortex. With a fully data-driven analysis, we reveal subregional connectivity profiles of a large set of noncortical structures, including those rarely studied in fMRI research. The results have implications for understanding how the functional organization of the subcortex facilitates integrative processing through cross-network information convergence, paving the way for future work aimed at improving our knowledge of subcortical contributions to intrinsic brain dynamics and spontaneous cognition.
Interpretation of the Expansion of the Application of the Authority of the State Administrative Court in Adjudicating Factual Legal Actions of the Government
Authors: Aime Andrianantenaina Fanirintsoa , Aji Pradistya Purnama
Published: August 2023

Indonesia is a country with a state of law status, in which the government in this case in carrying out all the interests of the state must be based on law and general principles of good governance. The government as a legal subject that plays a very important role in the survival of the people, in carrying out its duties to serve the community, it is not uncommon for governments to issue State Administrative Decrees (KTUN) which are intended for legal certainty. With the government issuing this, of course, it will not always be in accordance with existing regulations. Sometimes, decisions issued by the government actually have a detrimental impact on ordinary people. Then, Law No. 5 of 1986 concerning Administrative Court, regulates the provisions and procedures for the community to sue the government and ask to cancel the decision made by the government through the TUN Court. Then in 2014 appeared Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration. The UUAP replaces the provisions contained in the Administrative Law. Especially in this case that attracts attention is the expansion of the object of dispute. The object of the State Administration Dispute in this Law differs in its elements from the Administrative Law. One of them is a written provision that contains factual actions. There is no explanation regarding the meaning of factual actions in acting.
SIMILE DALAM PUISI KITAB AL-HUBB KARYA NIZAR QABBANI (ANALISIS STILISTIKA).
Authors: MUFTI ALI , Ahmad Hasyim Mohamad Yusuf , Miftahuddin Ahmad
Published: August 2023

Simile is similaring one to another because of a simlilarity in a few adjectives by using adat. Researcher prefers poem of Kitab Al-Hubb, authorized by Nizar Qabbani because there are many love expressions of him to his lovely person. Purposes of the research are to know what sentences those contain tasybih, rukun tasybih, types tasybih in poem of Kitab Al-Hubb, authorized by Nizar Qabbani. Type of the research is qualitative by research design of library research. Thus the data source based on poem of Kitab Al-Hubb, authorized by Nizar Qabbani. Data collecting is done by using technic of documentation. Instruments that used are data card and recapitulation sheet. Besides, the data analyze is done by using agih technic. The result points that the total of at-tasybihs in poem of Kitab Al-Hubb, authorized by Nizar Qabbani is 39 datas. Then, those 39 datas are analyzed on the type of tarf tasybih based on hissi and aqli, Based on mufrod and murokkab, Based on its total, two tarf tasybihs. Then, 39 datas are analyzed into type of tasybih based on those contain 21 wajhu syibhi or not, the 21 datas are made of 18 data tasybih mujmals and 3 data tasybih mufashals. Based on there is adat tasybih or not, there are 21 datas that all of them are include on type of tasybih mursal. Based on there are adat tasybih and wajhu syibh or not, there are 18 datas those called by tasybih baligh then.
Analysis of children with familial short stature: who should be indicated for genetic testing?
Authors: Plachy Lukas , Petruzelkova Lenka , Dusatkova Petra , Maratova Klara , Zemkova Dana , Elblova Lenka , Neuman Vit , Kolouskova Stanislava , Obermannova Barbora , Snajderova Marta , Sumnik Zdenek , Lebl Jan , Pruhova Stepanka
Published: August 2023

Familial short stature (FSS) describes vertically transmitted growth disorders. Traditionally, polygenic inheritance is presumed, but monogenic inheritance seems to occur more frequently than expected. Clinical predictors of monogenic FSS have not been elucidated. The aim of the study was to identify the monogenic etiology and its clinical predictors in FSS children. Of 747 patients treated with growth hormone (GH) in our center, 95 with FSS met the inclusion criteria (pretreatment height ≤−2 SD in child and his/her shorter parent); secondary short stature and Turner/Prader–Willi syndrome were excluded criteria. Genetic etiology was known in 11/95 children before the study, remaining 84 were examined by next-generation sequencing. The results were evaluated by American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines. Nonparametric tests evaluated differences between monogenic and non-monogenic FSS, an ROC curve estimated quantitative cutoffs for the predictors. Monogenic FSS was confirmed in 36/95 (38%) children. Of these, 29 (81%) carried a causative genetic variant affecting the growth plate, 4 (11%) a variant affecting GH–insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) axis and 3 (8%) a variant in miscellaneous genes. Lower shorter parent’s height (P = 0.015) and less delayed bone age (BA) before GH treatment (P = 0.026) predicted monogenic FSS. In children with BA delayed less than 0.4 years and with shorter parent’s heights ≤−2.4 SD, monogenic FSS was revealed in 13/16 (81%) cases. To conclude, in FSS children treated with GH, a monogenic etiology is frequent, and gene variants affecting the growth plate are the most common. Shorter parent’s height and BA are clinical predictors of monogenic FSS.
Microdosing psychedelics has no impact on cognitive function in naturalistic settings
Authors: Dinkelacker Jannis , Pop Ioana
Published: August 2023

Background and aim: Subjective and anecdotal accounts link ingestion of psychedelic microdoses, quantities small enough to retain perceptual clarity, to enhanced cognitive function and performance. In this study we review current evidence, test the link between domains of cognitive function and microdosing psychedelics and evaluate a remote testing approach for cognitive function. Methods: In an observational within-subjects design, we repeatedly assessed 17 participants during their microdosing regimen using the CNSVS neurocognitive battery in a naturalistic setting. Results: We found that neither the day of microdosing, nor the day after microdosing are significantly linked to enhanced or diminished performance on processing speed, sustained attention, inhibitory control, set shifting, working memory, visual memory and verbal memory. Conclusion: Microdosing psychedelics may act on psychological rather than neurocognitive pathways to induce a subjective feeling of performance enhancement. The use of remote cognitive batteries might benefit longitudinal cross-cultural studies by reducing participant burden
Siv Ellen Kraft, Bjørn Ola Tafjord, Arkotong Longkumer, Gregory D. Alles and Greg Johnson, Indigenous Religion(s): Local Grounds, Global Networks
Authors: Von Stuckrad Kocku
Published: August 2023

Indigenous Religion(s): Local Grounds, Global Networks. 2020. By Siv Ellen Kraft, Bjørn Ola Tafjord, Arkotong Longkumer, Gregory D. Alles and Greg Johnson. London: Routledge. 208pp. $136 (hardcover), $39.96 (paperback), Open Access (e-book).
A framework for flood depth using hydrodynamic modeling and machine learning in the coastal province of Vietnam
Authors: Duy Nguyen Huu , Kha Dang Dinh , Nhu Nguyen Y , Pham Van Chien , Hai Truong Quang- , Thanh Bui Quang- , Ionut Petrisor Alexandru-
Published: August 2023

Flood models based on traditional hydrodynamic modeling encounter significant difficulties with real-time predictions, require enormous computational resources, and perform poorly in data-limited regions. The difficulties are compounded as flooding worldwide worsens due to the increasing frequency of short-term torrential rain events, making it more challenging to predict floods over the long term. This study aims to address these challenges by developing a rapid flood forecasting model combining machine learning algorithms (support vector regression, XGBoost regression, CatBoost regression, and decision tree regression) with hydrodynamic modeling in Quang Tri province in Vietnam. 560 flood depth locations were obtained by hydrodynamic modeling, and several locations measured in the field were used as input data for the machine learning models to build a flood depth map for the study area. The statistical indices used to evaluate the performance of the four proposed models were the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, area under the ROC curve, root mean square error, mean absolute error, and coefficient of determination (R2). The results showed that all four models successfully constructed a flood depth map for the study area. Among the four proposed models, CatBoost regression performed best, with an R² value of 0.86. This was followed by XGBoost regression (R²=0.84), decision tree regression (R²=0.72), and then support vector regression (R2=0.7). This integration of hydrodynamic modeling and machine learning complements the framework in much of the existing literature. It can provide decision-makers and local authorities with an advanced flood warning tool and contribute to improving sustainable development strategies in this and similar regions.
Building a Simple Magnetic Levitation System Using an Arduino Uno Board
Authors: Gupta Adarsh , Sarkar Hritankar , Kothari Ishaan , Bhaduri Rishik , Nayak Riya Sai , Mukuthi Sombit , Sardar Sombrito , Ghosh Souradip , Kumar Suman , Choudhary Yash Vardhan
Published: August 2023

With the help of an Arduino UNO board, an electromagnet, a magnet, and a Hall effect sensor, this project tries to create a straightforward magnetic levitation system. The mechanism measures the separation between the magnet and the electromagnet using a Hall effect sensor and regulates
the electromagnet's intensity to keep the levitation stable. The project report offers a step-by-step tutorial for constructing the system and writing the necessary Arduino code to operate it.
Design of a Vibration Alert System
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Kumar Adarsh , Thakur Amrit Raj , Mani Anand , Aryan Kumar , Bhatacharya Sampad , Bhatacharya Jeet , Kumara Gracy
Published: August 2023

Homes, businesses, industries, and military situations must all be protected from invaders by security systems. They comprise cameras, motion detectors, and alarms that offer round-the-clock surveillance and quick alerts. Modern technology makes it possible to operate and monitor security
systems remotely. There are home security systems, CCTV surveillance, motion sensor alarms, and biometric systems like fingerprint or facial recognition. The system that best suits a homeowner's demands and offers peace of mind is theirs to select. In this work we have designed an alarm system
which reduces false alarms and increases home security by using cutting-edge sensor technology to detect vibrations from attempted break-ins. It simply interacts with current systems, guaranteeing a complete home security solution.
ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS AND FREEZING OF WATER DROPLETS ON METAL SURFACES
Authors: Tian Jinjin , Wang Hongyu , Mehendale Sunil S. , Zhang Zhe , Wu Mingpu
Published: August 2023

This article investigates the effects of substrate temperature, tilt angle, and droplet size on droplet impact dynamics and freezing using a Motionpro high-speed camera and a DSA-30 droplet surface analyzer. The temperature of the substrate was changed from the ambient temperature of 21°C to -13°C, and three droplet sizes (D0
= 2.57, 3.02, and 3.54 mm) were studied. The results show that some air gets trapped under the liquid film during the impact process due to insufficient escape time, resulting in the interior of the droplet being in an unstable state. Simultaneously, due to the low surface energy of the substrate, liquid droplets exhibit a rebound effect upon impact with the ambient temperature substrate, reaching their maximum height and forming a dumbbell-like shape. Furthermore, the rebound height decreases rapidly with the decrease in substrate temperature. A change in substrate temperature had no significant effect on the droplet spreading process, but decreasing substrate temperature increased the viscous forces, thereby suppressing the droplet retraction and oscillation processes, ultimately leading to longer droplet freezing times. Additionally, at low Weber numbers (We < 250), the droplet dimensionless parameters exhibited a similar trend with respect to dimensionless time or temperature.
AMORPHOUS-CRYSTALLINE BORON-CONTAINING COATING FORMED ON A HIGH-ENTROPY ALLOY BY A COMBINED ION-PLASMA METHOD
Authors: Ivanov Yurii F. , Shugurov V. V. , Azhazha I. I. , Petrikova E. A. , Prokopenko Nikita A. , Teresov A. D. , Tolkachev O. S.
Published: August 2023

Studies of a boron-containing coating formed on high-entropy alloy specimens by a complex ion-plasma method were carried out. It is shown that the coating has an amorphous-crystalline structure. The size of the areas of the crystalline state of the material is 3-5 nm. Coating hardness, H = 10.1 GPa; Young's modulus, E = 135 GPa; H/E = 0.075; wear parameter, k = 1.2 × 10-6 mm3/N*m; and friction coefficient, μ = 0.15. For an uncoated substrate, H = 2.1 GPa, k = 2.9 × 10-4 mm3/N*m, and μ = 0.62.
The Number and Size of Individual Kidney Medullary Pyramids is Associated with Clinical Characteristics, Kidney Biopsy Findings, and CKD Outcomes among Kidney Donors
Authors: Gregory Adriana V. , Denic Aleksandar , Moustafa Amr , Dasaraju Praveen G. , Poudyal Bhavya , Augustine Joshua J. , Mullan Aidan F. , Korfiatis Panagiotis , Rule Andrew D. , Kline Timothy L.
Published: August 2023

Significance Statement

Segmentation of multiple structures in cross-sectional imaging is time-consuming and impractical to perform manually, especially if the end goal is clinical implementation. In this study, we developed, validated, and demonstrated the capability of a deep learning algorithm to segment individual medullary pyramids in a rapid, accurate, and reproducible manner. The results demonstrate that cortex volume, medullary volume, number of pyramids, and mean pyramid volume is associated with patient clinical characteristics and microstructural findings and provide insights into the mechanisms that may lead to CKD.

Background

The kidney is a lobulated organ, but little is known regarding the clinical importance of the number and size of individual kidney lobes.

Methods

After applying a previously validated algorithm to segment the cortex and medulla, a deep-learning algorithm was developed and validated to segment and count individual medullary pyramids on contrast-enhanced computed tomography images of living kidney donors before donation. The association of cortex volume, medullary volume, number of pyramids, and mean pyramid volume with concurrent clinical characteristics (kidney function and CKD risk factors), kidney biopsy morphology (nephron number, glomerular volume, and nephrosclerosis), and short- and long-term GFR <60 or <45 ml/min per 1.73 m2 was assessed.

Results

Among 2876 living kidney donors, 1132 had short-term follow-up at a median of 3.8 months and 638 had long-term follow-up at a median of 10.0 years. Larger cortex volume was associated with younger age, male sex, larger body size, higher GFR, albuminuria, more nephrons, larger glomeruli, less nephrosclerosis, and lower risk of low GFR at follow-up. Larger pyramids were associated with older age, female sex, larger body size, higher GFR, more nephrons, larger glomerular volume, more nephrosclerosis, and higher risk of low GFR at follow-up. More pyramids were associated with younger age, male sex, greater height, no hypertension, higher GFR, lower uric acid, more nephrons, less nephrosclerosis, and a lower risk of low GFR at follow-up.

Conclusions

Cortex volume and medullary pyramid volume and count reflect underlying variation in nephron number and nephron size as well as merging of pyramids because of age-related nephrosclerosis, with loss of detectable cortical columns separating pyramids.
Gothic Geometry in Two Hawksmoor Churches
Authors: Hales Jonathan Petre
Published: August 2023

Nicholas Hawksmoor’s Christ Church, Spitalfields (1714–29), and St Mary Woolnoth (1716–27) in London, England, are outstanding examples of the late English Baroque. They combine classical elements with forms and ornamentation taken from a range of architectural styles, most particularly the Gothic of medieval English churches. While Hawksmoor was clearly adept with the Gothic ‘manner’, it remains uncertain to what extent he was familiar with the underlying design formulas used by the medieval masons. In this study, a new survey using laser-assisted measurement was undertaken at both churches. Measurements were taken of the most significant dimensions in the church interiors, and the proportional ratios between the dimensions were calculated. These structural ratios were then compared with the rational and irrational ratios commonly found in medieval design, including the ratios 1:√2 and 1:√3. A total of 34 close matches were found across the two churches. These matches fall within an acceptable range of discrepancy, which was estimated following a calculation of the level of construction tolerance found in both churches. The large number of correlations found in this study, and the accuracy of the matches, provides significant evidence that Hawksmoor was making conscious and deliberate use in these churches of the design formulas that he is likely to have considered Gothic in origin. The sequence of proportional ratios found in each church makes it possible to reconstruct the steps by which Hawksmoor may have developed his designs for the two churches.
Analogías en el aprendizaje de la genética: un estudio de caso con estudiantes de grado 9°
Authors: Rendón Criollo Jonathan Sneyder , Leal Castro Alejandro
Published: August 2023

El presente artículo muestra cómo algunos problemas de comprensión conceptual en Genética se pueden abordar a partir de analogías. La construcción de las analogías se fundamentó en dos situaciones en donde los elementos que las componen están organizados entre sí por un sistema similar de relaciones, que pueden ser en los mismos campos semánticos o diferentes. Los objetivos consistieron en evaluar la incidencia en mis estudiantes con las analogías, identificar la base conceptual previa al desarrollo de los aprendizajes a través de analogías y caracterizar el aporte realizado. En cuanto a su metodología, se implementó un estudio de caso con 10 estudiantes del Liceo Benalcázar, de la ciudad de Cali, desarrollado a través de cuatro fases: primero, se identificaron las concepciones previas (pretest), segundo, se hizo necesario seleccionar los conceptos a comparar, tercero, se implementaron analogías y, cuarto, se aplicó la prueba de salida o postest. Como porcentaje de acierto promedio en la prueba inicial se obtuvo un 32,50% y en la de salida fue 78,75%. Para la categorización por competencias se evidenciaron porcentajes superiores al 40%. Lo anterior demostró que las analogías como estrategia de enseñanza pueden mejorar significativamente los procesos de aprendizaje de conceptos en Genética. En síntesis, se evidenció que las analogías no solo sirven para establecer relaciones semánticas, sino cognitivas, dan pie a la mejora de los procesos ejecutivos, como explicar, generalizar, modelar, estructurar, validar, predecir y generar hipótesis.
Aprendizaje sobre las aves mediante el uso de una incubadora de huevos en un aula de Primaria
Authors: Camarero Recio Belén , Hernández del Barco Miriam A. , Corbacho Cuello Isaac
Published: August 2023

En este trabajo se presenta una experiencia didáctica para los primeros cursos de la Educación Primaria, con el objetivo de aprender, de forma activa y participativa, sobre las aves domésticas, especialmente la gallina. El eje central es una actividad de incubación de huevos de gallina en el aula, para seguir el desarrollo embrionario durante 21 días. Este eje se apoya, a su vez, en una serie de actividades participativas que giran en torno al desarrollo embrionario, y el conocimiento de los animales vertebrados, especialmente las aves, a través del ejemplo de la gallina. De esta forma se consigue un aprendizaje significativo mediante la observación y la indagación por parte de los alumnos.
Imágenes sobre la sexualidad humana: representaciones en los libros de texto gratuito de ciencias naturales para educación primaria en México
Authors: García Villanueva Jorge , Hernández Ramírez Claudia Ivonne
Published: August 2023

El presente artículo forma parte de una investigación más amplia relacionada con la construcción de modelos científicos escolares referentes al fenómeno de la menstruación. En este caso, se realiza una revisión sobre distintos temas relacionados con la sexualidad y se explica cómo se representa el cuerpo humano en la niñez desde la aparición de los caracteres sexuales secundarios en la etapa de la pubertad expuestos en los libros de texto de ciencias naturales de 4º y 5º de educación primaria en México; los cuales corresponden a imágenes que refieren a las partes que constituyen los aparatos reproductores femenino y masculino (mencionados así desde el libro). El análisis se centra en la crítica al enfoque de la sexualidad humana utilizado en los libros de texto, el cual se halla desprovisto de una conceptualización científica en la que no hay cabida para el placer, las emociones y los deseos. El propósito de este artículo es mostrar la necesidad de implementar propuestas que incorporen en las clases de ciencias naturales, tanto la perspectiva de las construcciones culturales, como los saberes biológicos, con la finalidad de apoyar al estudiantado a generar una conciencia reflexiva y comprensiva sobre el ejercicio responsable de la sexualidad, la diversidad corporal y sus manifestaciones emocionales.
Los insectos: una estrategia pedagógica para aprender a reconocer el territorio en el CED rural Mochuelo alto
Authors: Tole Erika Alexandra , Gómez Francy Yulieth
Published: August 2023

El articulo describe la experiencia desarrollada en el ced Rural Mochuelo Alto de la ciudad de Bogotá con niñas y niños de primer grado, que desde sus intereses e inquietudes generadas por la cercanía al botadero de “Doña Juana” se enmarca en los Insectos y se aplica a los procesos de lecto-escritura, ciencias naturales y las artes. Todo ello con el fin de establecer la escuela como escenario de resistencia territorial y lograr en los niños y niñas un reconocimiento y una posterior apropiación del territorio rural. Todo esto dentro de la metodología basada en proyectos que presenta como fases: 1. Contextualización del aprendizaje y motivación, 2. Concepciones previas, 3. Socialización de los propósitos de formación, 4. Planteamiento de la estrategia de evaluación, 5. Desarrollo y potencialización de los aprendizajes, 6. consolidación y lectura del avance del proyecto y 7. evaluación y proyección de aprendizajes. Encontrando que la exploración de los insectos permite vincular otros procesos, afianzar la identidad territorial y jugar con la creatividad para aprender de manera distinta desde el reconocimiento del territorio rural.
Estudio de prácticas y contextos alimentarios de adolescentes de secundaria en Argentina, a partir del uso de redes sociales
Authors: Bahamonde Nora , Lozano Eduardo , Pintos Juan Carlos , Dillon Laura
Published: August 2023

En esta investigación nos propusimos elaborar un inventario de prácticas y contextos alimentarios de adolescentes rionegrinos.  Para ello utilizamos las redes sociales, para la producción de fotografías comentadas por parte de los estudiantes. Así, intentamos caracterizar no solo las ingestas, sino también los contextos en que se llevaron a cabo (qué, dónde, con quién, cuándo, etc.) y la significación atribuida por los adolescentes a estas prácticas. En este artículo presentamos el marco teórico de referencia, aspectos estratégicos de la innovación metodológica implementada y un conjunto de resultados respecto de los perfiles y paisajes alimentarios construidos a partir de los datos, su análisis y categorización en función de las dimensiones biológica/sanitaria y socio/cultural. Las producciones elaboradas permiten evaluar de manera positiva el dispositivo metodológico a partir de-l cual se caracterizó, como ejemplo, el paisaje alimentario “almuerzo” para toda la muestra y se compararon e identificaron diferencias entre dos perfiles alimentarios individuales. Rescatamos las nociones de paisaje y perfil alimentario, como reveladoras de identidad cultural, que nos permitieron describir las prácticas y contextos alimentarios de los sujetos de la muestra y el fuerte entramado entre lo biológico/sanitario y lo socio/cultural, pero también conjeturar sobre su correlato en lo familiar y comunitario. Consideramos que las modelizaciones que pudimos caracterizar son un insumo imprescindible para el desarrollo de futuras unidades didácticas que permitan a los estudiantes de la muestra, construir conocimientos para la toma de decisiones informadas en su vida cotidiana. Destacamos y valoramos la participación de los adolescentes como sujetos reflexivos y activos de esta investigación.
Sexualidad y género en adolescentes.
Authors: Triviño-Cervera Lina Nayarid , Rodríguez Rincón Paula Andrea , Reyes Roncancio Jaime Duván
Published: August 2023

En el presente trabajo se identifican las actitudes frente al enamoramiento de un grupo de estudiantes de grado 8° en un colegio de la ciudad de Bogotá. La metodología cualitativa de investigación se desarrolló mediante vivencias de aprendizaje (hormonas y amor) que incluyeron narraciones, representaciones y declaraciones basadas en experiencias propias o hipotéticas sobre relaciones amorosas. El análisis mostró como la sexualidad de los adolescentes se vincula con la categoría interrelación con los otros a través de la prevalencia de estereotipos socio culturales sobre el género y el sexo. De este mismo modo, la categoría sexualidad está estrechamente relacionada con la categoría cuidado del cuerpo en los estudiantes evidenciando que no solo es el cuidado de ellos mismos sino de las personas que están compartiendo o iniciando una vida sexual con ellos.
El devenir de las relaciones entre aprendizaje y vida en las prácticas educativas en Colombia
Authors: Roa García Paola Andrea
Published: August 2023

El propósito central de este artículo es visibilizar las condiciones de posibilidad del encuentro de las prácticas relacionadas con la vida y el aprendizaje, a propósito de lo que hoy se denomina aprendizaje a lo largo de toda la vida. Esto a través del uso de la caja de herramientas de la mirada arqueológica – genealógica, en la configuración de un archivo, que rastrea el devenir de las relaciones entre formas de saber, fuerzas de poder y sujetos, que dan lugar a dichas prácticas, que se estabilizan en modos de decir y hacer sobre la vida y el aprendizaje. A partir de ello se presenta una serie de prácticas relacionadas con la disciplina, la gestión y el control cerebral, que se solapan, entroncan y agencian. Que posibilita afirmar que el aprendizaje prolifera no solo en discursos sicológicos, sino también educativos y económicos, siendo una fuerza en la emergencia de los modos de entender la vida en la contemporaneidad, que en la actualidad se relacionan principalmente con el emprendimiento, la autorregulación y el dato, de allí que la escolarización ya no se encuentra limitada a un lugar, a un tiempo, a un sujeto (maestro) y mucho menos a una ciencia, al parecer es la vida misma.
Biodiversidad como un concepto estructurante urgente en la educación
Authors: Chaves Mejía Germán Alberto
Published: August 2023

La constante y acelerada pérdida de la biodiversidad biológica está llevando a una emergencia planetaria sin precedentes en la historia humana, que afecta a todas las especies del planeta. La deforestación, sobrexplotación de fauna, flora y recursos naturales, contaminación de los ecosistemas, consumismo desmedido y sin sentido, la trasferencia de especies exóticas y la variación global del clima, son las causas principales. Estas problemáticas se pueden encarar desde la educación. En este sentido concebir la biodiversidad como un concepto estructurante, cuya construcción transforma el sistema cognitivo, permitiendo adquirir nuevos conocimientos, tomar decisiones informadas, propositivas y críticas en torno las problemáticas que amenazan la biodiversidad se hace evidentemente necesario. Desde esta perspectiva este artículo muestra la implementación inicial del proyecto biodiversidad como un concepto estructurante urgente en la educación en el Colegio Técnico Palermo (IED) desde una actividad que se está desarrollando con los estudiantes. El articulo está dividido en tres partes, primero, se argumenta sobre como la biodiversidad es el recurso más importante y amenazado de las sociedades, segundo, se desarrollan aspectos de la biodiversidad como un concepto estructurante y tercero, se ejemplifica cómo se podría asumir la enseñanza de la biodiversidad desde una situación didáctica como un concepto estructurante y como podría guiar a otros docentes e investigadores que estén interesados en esta línea de investigación. Por último, se desarrollan algunas consideraciones que respaldan la tesis planteada en el título.
Análise das Concepções de Artrópodes em Livros Didáticos de Ciências do Ensino Fundamental II
Authors: Buss Ana Paula , Ghisloti Iared Valéria
Published: August 2023

Com o objetivo de analisar como o conteúdo relacionado aos artrópodes vem sendo abordado em livros didáticos disponíveis online na disciplina de Ciências do Ensino Fundamental II, aplicou-se uma análise textual discursiva (ATD). Essa abordagem inicialmente se configura pela desmontagem dos textos em unidades de análise e pelo estabelecimento de relações através do processo de categorização. As categorias foram baseadas em Thiemann e Oliveira (2013) e duas novas categorias emergiram a partir da ATD, totalizando 11 categorias: Holismo, Ameaçada, Oculta, Inclusiva, Concretude, Conhecimento, Caleidoscópio, Simbólico, Exclusiva, Repulsiva e Utilitarista. Após a unitarização dos livros didáticos, incluindo textos, ilustrações, imagens e atividades, foram encontrados no total, 833 fragmentos, referindo-se a todas as coleções analisadas e do 6° ao 9° ano. Os resultados indicaram a predominância da categoria conhecimento (62,40% dos apontamentos) em uma visão antropocêntrica a respeito dos artrópodes. Notou-se a falta da emergência de uma categoria afetiva que preconize pelo estabelecimento de práticas educativas pautadas na ética, cuidado e respeito para com os artrópodes. A predominância dessa visão fragmentada, conteudista e muitas vezes descontextualizada, faz com que os artrópodes continuem sendo representados apenas por concepções negativas para os seres humanos, não contribuindo com a desmistificação desse grupo de animais.