bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improvements in direct torque control of induction motors
Authors:   , Arias Pujol Antoni
Published: August 2023

This thesis is mainly devoted to the investigation of speed control methods for three phase cage induction motors with particular emphasis being given to Direct Torque Control (DTC) improved techniques.
Classical Direct Torque Control has inherent disadvantages such as: problems during starting resulting from the null states, the compulsory requirement of torque and flux estimators, and torque ripple. In the classical DTC induction motor drive a voltage vector is applied for the entire period, and this causes the stator current and electromagnetic torque exceeds its reference value early during the cycle, causing a high torque ripple. Switching cycles then follows this, in which the zero switching vectors are applied in order to reduce the electromagnetic torque to reference value. This thesis suggests a technique based on applying to the inverter the selected active states just enough time to achieve the torque and flux references values. The rest of the switching period a null state is selected which won't almost change both the torque and the flux. Therefore, a duty ratio has to be determined each switching time. By means of varying the duty ratio between its extreme values (0 up to 1) it is possible to apply any voltage to the motor. The optimum duty ratio per sampling period is a non-linear function of the electromagnetic torque error, the stator flux position and the working point, which is determined by the motor speed and the electromagnetic torque. It is obvious that it is extremely difficult to model such an expression since it is a different non-linear function per working point. Therefore, this thesis is focused on performing a fuzzy-logic-based duty-ratio controller, where the optimum duty ratio is determined every switching period. Additionally, this Fuzzy Controller is adaptive and may be applied to any induction motor.
A stator flux reference optimum controller is also designed, which not only helps to achieve a smaller torque ripple, but also reduces the reactive power consumption of the drive taken from the main supply. This is achieved by changing the stator flux reference value with reference being made to the correspondent torque reference value. Therefore, the stator flux reference value chosen is to be just of sufficient value to produce the desired torque
Simulated results are shown in order to compare the classical DTC and the Fuzzy Logic based DTC.
The control algorithms have been implemented on a PC/DSP based board that facilitates the use of parallelism in software design. A 1.5kW, three-phase induction motor drive has been designed and experimental data obtained from it in order to verify the results achieved by simulation.
Aportaciones a la optimización de energía en accionamientos eléctricos de motores de inducción mediante lógica difusa
Authors:   , Moreno Eguilaz Juan Manuel
Published: August 2023

El motor de inducción, es sin duda alguna, el más empleado en la industria actualmente y tiene un alto rendimiento en condiciones nominales. Sin embargo, con cargas ligeras, las pérdidas en el hierro reducen drásticamente el rendimiento del sistema. Para aquellas aplicaciones con carga y velocidad variable, parece lógico estudiar la posibilidad de mejorar el rendimiento del accionamiento. Es importante optimizar su rendimiento por dos razones: el ahorro económico y la reducción de la contaminación del medio ambiente.
Los objetivos propuestos en esta tesis han sido, por un lado, estudiar los distintos enfoques de optimización del rendimiento de un motor de inducción en régimen permanente, especialmente el enfoque basado en la medición de potencia activa consumida, y por otro lado, estudiar la posibilidad de optimizar el rendimiento en régimen transitorio de una forma simple y con un carácter eminentemente práctico.
A partir de un exhaustivo análisis de antecedentes, se han estudiado las pérdidas que se producen en un accionamiento, tanto en el convertidor de potencia como en el motor de inducción, analizando los modelos más interesantes y las últimas contribuciones presentadas a nivel internacional. Seguidamente, se han estudiado los diferentes enfoques para optimizar el rendimiento de un motor de inducción en régimen permanente, aportando distintos algoritmos de búsqueda del flujo óptimo, y comparándolos en función de una serie de criterios prácticos que permitan escoger el mejor método para cada aplicación en concreto.
Sobre el enfoque basado en la medición de potencia consumida, se han aportado distintas contribuciones, haciendo especial énfasis en la compensación de par electromagnético, métodos de búsqueda infinita, análisis de la variación de la constante de tiempo del rotor y discusión de los puntos de medida de la potencia activa consumida. A su vez, se ha contribuido con un estudio teórico-analítico de las limitaciones físicas que aparecen cuando se trabaja con flujos reducidos en un accionamiento.
Finalmente, la aportación más original en la tesis es el diseño de un supervisor basado en lógica difusa que permite optimizar energía en régimen transitorio utilizando niveles de flujo por debajo de su valor nominal.
La tesis tienen un carácter eminentemente práctico, con resultados experimentales de todas las contribuciones aportadas.
Síntesis de estructuras multiplicadoras de tensión basadas en células convertidoras continua-continua de tipo conmutado.
Authors:   , Giral Castillón Roberto
Published: August 2023

Uno de los campos más importantes de la Electrónica de Potencia es el de los convertidores de potencia conmutados, que debido a sus características de alto rendimiento energético, reducido tamaño, posibilidades de regulación del factor de potencia y de elevación de tensión, etc., están presentes en un gran número de las etapas de alimentación de los equipos electrónicos actuales.
Las mejoras tecnológicas en ámbitos como el de la integración de circuitos han permitido importantes reducciones en el tamaño de los equipos (por ejemplo en los ordenadores). Sin embargo, este proceso de reducción de tamaño que, además, suele venir unido a unas especificaciones más rígidas en cuanto a costes, rendimiento, seguridad y prestaciones en general, no se ha producido en igual medida en las etapas de alimentación. El estudio de los convertidores conmutados es por lo tanto un campo necesitado de esfuerzos de investigación y desarrollo.
Para potencias superiores a 25 W, y especialmente en potencias superiores a 150 W, una de las estrategias utilizadas para mejorar las prestaciones de los convertidores es el uso del denominado "interleaving" o entrelazado , definido como la puesta en paralelo de N convertidores idénticos desfasando sus señales de control de forma uniforme a lo largo del periodo de conmutación.
Con el objetivo principal de reducir al máximo los rizados de la tensión de salida y de la corriente de entrada, en esta tesis se estudian casos particulares de "interleaving" en estructuras convertidoras continua-continua que utilizan el convertidor elevador ("boost") como célula básica y cuyas tensiones de salida son, idealmente y operando en modo de conducción continua, múltiplos enteros positivos de la tensión de entrada, de ahí la denominación de multiplicadores de tensión que aparece en el título de tesis propuesto. Posteriormente se analizan las posibilidades de regulación de tensión que presentan algunos de los casos de estudio, a costa de incrementar los rizados.
Desenvolupament de tècniques de mesura d'impedància elèctrica aplicada a la caracterització de sòls
Authors:   , Torrents Dolz Josep M.
Published: August 2023

La humitat és un dels paràmetres més característics del sòl i el seu coneixement té interès des de diversos àmbits de la enginyeria. Conèixer la humitat mitjançant la impedància elèctrica planteja un estudi acurat de les tècniques de mesura per determinar quins factors o components es mesuren realment. Cal saber, a més, si corresponen a la presència i quantificació de la humitat o a interferències com fenòmens de transducció iònico electrònica, fenòmens en el si del material o limitacions pròpies de la instrumentació, sovint poc aprofundits per la bibliografia.

 L'estudi teòric de les propietats elèctriques, conductivitat i permitivitat, de les barreges estableix unes directrius o punts de partida. El sòl és un sistema de partícules amb tres fases: la sòlida, l'electrolítica i els buits, que es comporta com un dielèctric compost amb moltes pèrdues. La interacció entre fases modifica les propietats elèctriques de les barreges teòriques i ens porta a l'estudi detallat de diverses lleis pseudoempíriques i al plantejament d'un model propi.

S'han analitzat les tècniques clàssiques de mesura d'impedància elèctrica, abast, validesa i limitacions quan s'estudia el medi sòl. La no consideració dels punts febles o el seu oblit pot portar a interpretacions errònies. Aquesta anàlisi de tècniques de mesura i l'estudi elèctric de materials ha portat al desenvolupament de cèl.lules adaptades a diferents estratègies de mesura, a la combinació de diversos instruments i a la connexió adient de les parts amb diverses solucions originals.

La conductivitat dels sòls no depèn de la freqüència en el marge estudiat (1 Hz a 100 MHz); sí que depèn dels continguts de sals dissoltes en l'electròlit. A partir d'un llindar, hi ha una relació lineal entre conductivitat i humitat en sòls de tipus sorrenc. En canvi, la relació en sòls llimosos i argilosos és de tipus potencial fins a una saturació. A freqüència baixa, no és possible mesurar la permitivitat de sòls atesa la influència de la conductivitat. A freqüències superiors a 1 MHz, la relació permitivitat humitat és aproximadament lineal en sòls sorrencs i potencial en sòls llimosos i argilosos. Aquests resultats s'han contrastat amb els models bibliogràfics, que s'han adaptat o modificat.

L'anàlisi i desenvolupament de les tècniques de mesura i els models elèctrics de sòls permeten conèixer el contingut d'humitat dels sòls, tot i que cal un coneixement del tipus de sòl de què es tracta i de la concentració inicial de l'electròlit. Les tècniques desenvolupades complementen de forma ràpida i barata les tècniques clàssiques no elèctriques i poden substituir les si s'accepta una incertesa del 5%.
Contribución al análisis y a la modelación de convertidores continua-continua de orden elevado: estructura Boost con filtro de salida
Authors:   , Font Teixidó Josep
Published: August 2023

Este trabajo presenta un estudio del convertidor Boost Bidireccional con filtro de salida, abordando los aspectos de modelación y control. Se presenta un modelo de pequeña señal que permite separar los polos del convertidor de los polos del filtro de salida poniendo de manifiesto la escasa influencia de la parte lineal (filtro) sobre la dinámica del sistema. Se estudian asimismo distintas estrategias de control en pequeña señal de un solo lazo (realimentación de la tensión de salida) y de dos lazos (control en modo corriente) que ponen de manifiesto la mejora de la dinámica del regulador en este ultimo caso.

Finalmente, se extiende la realimentación de estado en el caso del comportamiento no lineal del convertidor. Dicha extensión conduce a una síntesis de controles en el dominio temporal, que han sido simulados y corroborados experimentalmente, permitiendo establecer la eficacia del control en modo corriente en régimen de gran señal.
Obtención de micropotenciales cardíacos latido a latido por vía superficial
Authors:   , Fernández Chimeno Mireya
Published: August 2023

Para la detección no invasiva de la señal del haz de his latido a latido, es necesario que el nivel de ruido e interferencias presentes en el registro sea extremadamente bajo. El estudio del entorno de medida donde se realizan los registros y la clasificación de las fuentes de ruido e interferencia, así como el estudio de su influencia en el registro, permite desarrollar técnicas de reducción de ruido e interferencias que facilitan la detección visual de dicha señal. Las técnicas de reducción de ruido e interferencias propuestas son: la relajación del paciente, la utilización de las derivaciones con la mayor relación señal a ruido, el uso de electrodos apantallados y activos, el apantallamiento del paciente mediante una tela conductora, el filtrado adaptativo y el promediado espacial de señal.

La aplicación de estas técnicas ha permitido detectar de la señal de his en un porcentaje elevado de los casos estudiados. La señal detectada en la superficie del cuerpo no puede competir con las obtenidas mediante registros intracavitarios, debido a su menor amplitud y a que no se consigue la detección en el 100% de los casos. No obstante, el bajo coste del equipo diseñado y la simplicidad de las técnicas de procesado de señal aplicadas hacen que la detección superficial de la señal pueda ser valida como una prueba diagnostica extrahospitalaria.
Caracterització elèctrica de circuits CMOS digitals amb defectes tipus pont: implicacions al test per corrent quiescent
Authors:   , Rodríguez Montañés Rosa
Published: August 2023

La tesis contribuye a los esfuerzos dirigidos a la consecución de modelaciones precisas de los fallos de tipo puente. La tecnología de los circuitos digitales considerados es la CMOS estática. En la tesis se utiliza un modelo eléctrico realista para los puentes consistentes en una conexión resistiva entre los nodos cortocircuitados. La elección del modelo se basa en un conjunto de medidas experimentales realizadas sobre circuitos monitores de defectos fabricados en un proceso industrial europeo. El análisis de la resistencia de los puentes medidos justifica la utilización del modelo resistivo. Este modelo eléctrico es aplicado dentro de una metodología de test basada en la vigilancia de la corriente quiescente (IDDQ) consumida por el circuito defectuoso.

El nivel de detección del test por corriente es evaluado teórica y experimentalmente para circuitos digitales básicos CMOS estáticos afectados de puentes modelados según el modelo resistivo y es comparado con el nivel de detección del test clásico. Se presenta una predicción del rango de corriente quiecente consumida por los módulos digitales defectuosos de tecnología CMOS considerados. La conclusión a la que se llega es que la vigilancia del consumo de corriente es una metodología potente en la detección de los puentes considerados.
Tomografía de impedancia eléctrica para aplicaciones médicas
Authors:   , Rosell Ferrer Francesc Xavier
Published: August 2023

En esta tesis se analizan las bases de la Tomografía de Impedancia Eléctrica (TIE) desde los aspectos de campos electromagnéticos, los electrodos y las propiedades eléctricas de los tejidos en seres vivos. Se analizan los distintos tipos de sistemas electrónicos para poder obtener los datos de impedancia en sistemas multielectrodo para TIE y los métodos para obtención de imágenes. A partir de estos estudios se diseña e construye un sistema de TIE. Este sistema se verifica en maquetas resistivas y en medidas sobre humanos. Las contribuciones más relevantes son en el diseño del equipo (con soluciones inéditas como la realimentación activa y los algoritmos para calibración y detección de forma), el análisis de la sensibilidad para distintas estrategias de inyección y el estudio sobre impedancia de electrodos en diversas posiciones del cuerpo.

In this thesis we analyze the basic concepts of the Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT), from electromagnetic field theory, electrodes and the electrical properties of biological tissues. We analyze different types of electronic systems to be able to obtain the information of impedance in multielectrode systems for TIE and the methods for obtaining images. From these studies, a TIE system is designed and constructed. This system is tested in resistive models and in measures on human beings. The most relevant contributions are in the design of the equipment (with innovative solutions like the active feedback and the algorithms for calibration and detection of the objects's shape section), the analysis of the sensitivity for different strategies of current injection and the study of electrode impedance in different body locations
Prospects of voltage regulators for next generation computer microprocessors
Authors:   , López Julià Toni
Published: August 2023

Synchronous buck converter based multiphase architectures are evaluated to
determine whether or not the most widespread voltage regulator topology can
meet the power delivery requirements of next generation computer
microprocessors. According to the prognostications, the load current will rise to
200A along with the decrease of the supply voltage to 0.5V and staggering tight
dynamic and static load line tolerances. In view of these demands, researchers face
serious challenges to bring forth compliant solutions that can further offer
acceptable conversion efficiencies and minimum mainboard area occupancy.
Among the most prominent investigation fronts are those surveying
fundamental technology improvements aiming at making power semiconductor
devices more effective at high switching frequency. The latter is of critical
importance as the increase of the switching frequency is fundamentally recognized
as the way forward to enhance power density conversion. Provided that switching
losses must be kept low to enable the miniaturization of the filter components, one
primary goal is to cope with semiconductor and system integration technologies
enabling fast dynamic operation of ultra-low ON resistance power switches.
This justifies the main focus of this thesis work, centered around a
comprehensive analysis of the MOSFET switching behavior in the synchronous
buck converter.
The MOSFETs dynamic operation, far from being well describable with the
traditional clamped inductive hard-switching mode, is strongly influenced by a
number of frequently ignored linear and nonlinear parasitic elements that must be
taken into account in order to fully predict real switching waveforms, understand
their dynamics, and most importantly, identify and quantify the related
mechanisms leading to heat generation. This will be revealed from in-depth
investigations of the switched converter under fast switching speeds and heavy
load.
Recognizing the key relevance of appropriate modeling tools that support this
task, the second focal point of the thesis aims at developing a number of suitable
models for the switching analysis of power MOSFETs.
Combined with a series of design guidelines and optimization procedures, these
models form the basis of a proposed methodological approach, where numerical
computations replace the usually enormous experimental effort to elucidate the
most effective pathways towards reducing power losses. This gives rise to the
concept referred to as virtual design loop, which is successfully applied to the
development of a new power MOSFET technology offering outstanding dynamic
and static performance characteristics. From a system perspective, the limits of the
power density conversion will be explored for this and other emerging
technologies that promise to open up a new paradigm in power integration
capabilities.
Electrical and magnetic faults diagnosis in permanent magnet synchronous motors
Authors:   , Urresty Betancourt Julio César
Published: August 2023

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) are an alternative in critical applications where high-speed operation,
compactness and high efficiency are required. In these applications it is highly desired to dispose of an on-line, reliable and
cost-effective fault diagnosis method. Fault prediction and diagnosis allows increasing electric machines performance and
raising their lifespan, thus reducing maintenance costs, while ensuring optimum reliability, safe operation and timely
maintenance. Consequently this thesis is dedicated to the diagnosis of magnetic and electrical faults in PMSMs.
As a first step, the behavior of a healthy machine is studied, and with this aim a new 2D finite element method (FEM) modelbased
system for analyzing surface-mounted PSMSs with skewed rotor magnets is proposed. It is based on generating a
geometric equivalent non-skewed permanent magnet distribution which accounts for the skewed distribution of the practical
rotor, thus avoiding 3D geometries and greatly reducing the computational burden of the problem.
To diagnose demagnetization faults, this thesis proposes an on-line methodology based on monitoring the zero-sequence
voltage component (ZSVC). Attributes of the proposed method include simplicity, very low computational burden and high
sensibility when compared with the well known stator currents analysis method. A simple expression of the ZSVC is
deduced, which can be used as a fault indicator parameter. Furthermore, mechanical effects arising from demagnetization
faults are studied. These effects are analyzed by means of FEM simulations and experimental tests based on direct
measurements of the shaft trajectory through self-mixing interferometry. For that purpose two perpendicular laser diodes are
used to measure displacements in both X and Y axes. Laser measurements proved that demagnetization faults may induce
a quantifiable deviation of the rotor trajectory.
In the case of electrical faults, this thesis studies the effects of resistive unbalance and stator winding inter-turn short-circuits
in PMSMs and compares two methods for detecting and discriminating both faults. These methods are based on monitoring
and analyzing the third harmonic component of the stator currents and the first harmonic of the ZSVC.
Finally, the Vold-Kalman filtering order tracking algorithm is introduced and applied to extract selected harmonics related to
magnetic and electrical faults when the machine operates under variable speed and different load levels. Furthermore,
different fault indicators are proposed and their behavior is validated by means of experimental data. Both simulation and
experimental results show the potential of the proposed methods to provide helpful and reliable data to carry out a
simultaneous diagnosis of resistive unbalance and stator winding inter-turn faults.
Opportunities for radio frequency nanoelectronic integrated circuits using carbon-based technologies
Authors:   , Landauer Gerhard Martin
Published: August 2023

This thesis presents a body of work on the modeling of and performance predictions for carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNFET) and graphene field-effect transistors (GFET). While conventional silicon-based CMOS is expected to reach its ultimate scaling limits during the next decade, these two novel technologies are promising candidates for future high-performance electronics. The main goal of this work is to investigate
on the opportunities of using such carbon-based electronics for RF integrated circuits.
This thesis addresses 1) the modeling of noise and process variability in CNFETs, 2) RF performance predictions for CNFETs, and 3) an accurate GFET compact model. This work proposes the first CNFET noise compact model. Noise is of primary importance for RF applications and its description significantly increases the insight gained from simulation studies. Furthermore, a CNFET variability model is presented, which handles tube synthesis and metal tube removal imperfections. These two model extensions have been added to the Stanford CNFET compact model and allow for the variability-aware RF performance assessment of the CNFET technology.
In continuation, comprehensive RF performance projections for CNFETs are provided both on the device and circuit level. The overall set of ITRS RF-CMOS technology requirement FoMs is determined and shows that the CNFET performs excellently in terms of speed, gain, and minimum noise figure. Furthermore, for the first time FoMs are reported for the basic RF building blocks low-noise amplifier and oscillator. In addition, it is shown that CNFET downscaling yields significant performance improvements. Based on these analyses it is confirmed that the CNFET has the potential to outperform Si-CMOS in RF applications.
A third key contribution of this thesis is the development of an accurate GFET compact model. Previous compact models simplify several physical aspects, which can cause erroneous simulation results. Here, an accurate yet simple mathematical description of the GFET’s current-voltage relation is proposed and implemented in Verilog-A. Comprehensive error analyses are done in order to highlight the advantages of the new approach.
Furthermore, the model is verified against measurement results. The developed GFET model is an important step towards better understanding the characteristics and opportunities of graphene-based analog circuitry.
Monitor amb control strategies to reduce the impact of process variations in digital circuits
Authors:   , Mauricio Ferré Joan
Published: August 2023

As CMOS technology scales down, Process, Voltage, Temperature and Ageing (PVTA) variations have an increasing impact on the performance and power consumption of electronic devices. These issues may hold back the continuous improvement of these devices in the near future. There are several ways to face the variability problem: to increase the operating margins of maximum clock frequency, the implementation of lithographic friendly layout styles, and the last one and the focus of this thesis, to adapt the circuit to its actual manufacturing and environment conditions by tuning some of the adjustable parameters once the circuit has been manufactured. The main challenge of this thesis is to develop a low-area variability compensation mechanism to automatically mitigate PVTA variations in run-time, i.e. while integrated circuit is running. This implies the development of a sensor to obtain the most accurate picture of variability, and the implementation of a control block to knob some of the electrical parameters of the circuit.

A mesura que la tecnologia CMOS escala, les variacions de Procés, Voltatge, Temperatura i Envelliment (PVTA) tenen un impacte creixent en el rendiment i el consum de potència dels dispositius electrònics. Aquesta problemàtica podria arribar a frenar la millora contínua d'aquests dispositius en un futur proper. Hi ha diverses maneres d'afrontar el problema de la variabilitat: relaxar el marge de la freqüència màxima d'operació, implementar dissenys físics de xips més fàcils de litografiar, i per últim i com a tema principal d'aquesta tesi, adaptar el xip a les condicions de fabricació i d'entorn mitjançant la modificació d'algun dels seus paràmetres ajustables una vegada el circuit ja ha estat fabricat. El principal repte d'aquesta tesi és desenvolupar un mecanisme de compensació de variabilitat per tal de mitigar les variacions PVTA de manera automàtica en temps d'execució, és a dir, mentre el xip està funcionant. Això implica el desenvolupament d'un sensor capaç de mesurar la variabilitat de la manera més acurada possible, i la implementació d'un bloc de control que permeti l'ajust d'alguns dels paràmetres elèctrics dels circuits.
PERAN INTERMEDIASI SOSIAL BANK PEMBIAYAAN RAKYAT SYARIAH PADA MASYARAKAT PELAKU USAHA MIKRO (STUDI KASUS PADA PT.BPRS AL-WASHLIYAH GUNUNG KRAKATAU)
Authors: Hantika Della
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran intermediasi pada masyarakat pembiyayaan mikro dan fasilitas pembiayaan yang diberikan oleh PT. BPRS Al-Washliyah. Adapun jenis penelitian ini adalah pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, penulis melakukan pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mengenai intermediasi sosial yang telah dijalankan PT. BPRS Al Washliyah teruntuk masyarakat mikro. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada PT. BPRS Al Washliyah yaitu Pembiyaan mikro adalah satu peran intermediasi sosial yang diberikan kepada masyarakat. PT. BPRS Al Washliyah memberikan pinjaman modal untuk masyarakat untuk perkembangan usaha mikro dan menengah. Serta memberikan pendampingan dan pembinaan dengan memberikan pengarahan-pengarahan kepada nasabah dalam pengembangan usaha yang dimiliki agar dapat berkembang menjadi lebih baik. Dan prosedur pembiayaan mikro melalui tahapan-tahapan seperti: tahap aplikasi pembiayaan, tahap pengumpulan data, tahap analisa pembiayaan, tahap persetujuan pembiayaan, tahap pengikatan, tahap pencairan, tahap monitoring.
ABSTRACT
This study aims to analyze the role of intermediary in the microfinance community and the financing facilities provided by BPRS Al-Washliyah.. This type of research is a qualitative descriptive approach, the authors collect data by means of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the research show that social intermediation has been carried out by BPRS Al Washliyah for micro communities. Based on the results of research at BPRS Al Washliyah, namely microfinance is a social intermediary role given to the community. BPRS Al Washliyah provides capital loans to the community for the development of micro and medium enterprises. As well as providing assistance and coaching by providing directions to customers in developing their business so that it can develop for the better. And the microfinance procedure goes through stages such as: the financing application stage, the data collection stage, the financing analysis stage, the financing approval stage, the binding stage, the disbursement stage, the monitoring stage.
Can biogeography help bumblebee conservation?
Authors: Williams Paul H.
Published: August 2023

Bumblebees (Bombus Latreille, 1802), because of their large body size, bright colours and activity at times and places that coincide with biologists, are an example of a group of insects that is particularly well represented in museum collections. This is important if taxonomic revisions are to achieve greater comparability among species. Bumblebees have also attracted particular attention because they are especially ecologically and economically valuable for pollination in north temperate regions, where they are now becoming increasingly threatened. I argue that the what, the where, and the how of effective conservation management may be informed by understanding the divergent characteristics that have affected their biogeographical past: by helping us to see ‘the woods’, not just ‘the trees’, of their habitat needs. Identifying suitable habitat should be part of reconstructing historical biogeography within taxonomic revisions. For bumblebees, for example, biogeographical analysis associates major taxonomic groups either with flower-rich lowland grasslands or with flower-rich montane grasslands, highlighting their contrasting requirements for: nest sites, flowers of different depths, pollen-plant families, and especially the differing importance of early spring and late summer flowers for breeding success. This broad view of species groups helps filter the less important idiosyncrasies from local case studies in order to focus conservation actions.
Application of Laughter Therapy for the Quality of Life of the Elderly: Literature Review
Authors: Freanti Putri , Susanto Tantut , Kurdi Fahruddin
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The quality of life of the elderly is influenced by two important aspects, namely education and health where around 24% of 100 elderly experience health problems, where aging in the elderly causes a decrease in the body's reserve capacity and an increased risk of disease. One of the therapies that can be used to improve the quality of life of the elderly is namely laughter therapy which is useful in relieving disease symptoms, such as fatigue so as to improve the quality of life of the elderly. Objective: This study aims to identify the laughter therapy application that provides information about concepts and relevant data related to the topic of using laughter therapy in fulfilling the quality of life of the elderly. Method: The design of this study is using a literature review of articles using the search engine database of PubMed, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Wiley Online Library using PRISMA flowchart. Results: The results are showed from this study are that five articles met both the criteria of inclusion and exclusion. After being given by laughter therapy intervention, have a positive impact on reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety which can affect survival in old age related with elderly’s quality of life. Conclusion: This study could conclude that using laughter therapy could increase quality of life of the elderly during aging process included to every aspect such as psychological, physical, social and environmental adaptation.
ปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับการเกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิกในผู้ติดเชื้อเอชไอวี
Authors:   , ทองพูล พนิต
Published: August 2023

การวิจัยนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงวิเคราะห์ความสัมพันธ์แบบเก็บข้อมูลย้อนหลัง เพื่อหาปัจจัยที่สัมพันธ์กับการเกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิกในผู้ป่วยติดเชื้อเอชไอวีที่ได้รับการรักษาด้วยยาต้านไวรัส ณ โรงพยาบาลตำรวจ มีกลุ่มตัวอย่างเข้าร่วมการวิจัย 292 ราย โดยกลุ่มตัวอย่างส่วนใหญ่เป็นเพศชายร้อยละ 64 อายุเฉลี่ย 45.6 ± 8.5 ปี พบความชุกในการเกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิกร้อยละ 24.8 โดยมีปัจจัยที่เพิ่มความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิก ได้แก่ เพศชายมีความเสี่ยงสูงกว่าเพศหญิง 7.1 เท่า (p<0.001) อายุมากกว่าหรือเท่ากับ 45 ปี เพิ่มความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิก 2.2 เท่า (p=0.016) ระยะเวลาในการใช้ยาต้านไวรัสมากกว่า 84 เดือน เพิ่มความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิก 2.4 เท่า (p=0.006) เมื่อวิเคราะห์ความสัมพันธ์โดยควบคุมระยะเวลาในการได้รับยาต้านไวรัสนาน 5 ปี พบปัจจัยที่เพิ่มความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิก ได้แก่ เพศชายมีความเสี่ยงสูงกว่าเพศหญิง 5.3 เท่า (p=0.009) อายุมากกว่าหรือเท่ากับ 45 ปี เพิ่มความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิก 2.4 เท่า (p=0.035) ระดับคอเลสเตอรอลในเลือดที่มากกว่า 200 มิลลิกรัมต่อเดซิลิตร เพิ่มความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิก 2.8 เท่า (p=0.012) โดยกลุ่มตัวอย่างที่เกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิกมีความเสี่ยงต่อความเสี่ยงในการเกิดโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือดสูงมากกว่าผู้ที่มีไม่เกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิก 9.6 เท่า (p=0.031) ผลการศึกษานี้แสดงในเห็นว่า นอกจากปัจจัยที่ใช้ในการวินิจฉัยการเกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิกตามเกณฑ์ของ NCEP ATP III 5 ปัจจัย ยังพบว่า เพศชาย อายุที่มากขึ้น ระดับคอเลสเตอรอลในเลือดที่สูงขึ้น และระยะเวลาในการใช้ยาต้านไวรัสที่นานขึ้น ทำให้ความเสี่ยงต่อการเกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิกในผู้ป่วยติดเชื้อเอชไอวีที่ได้รับการรักษาด้วยยาต้านไวรัสเพิ่มขึ้น ดังนั้นควรมีการวางแผนเฝ้าระวังการเกิดกลุ่มอาการเมตาบอลิกในกลุ่มผู้ป่วยติดเชื้อเอชไอวีที่มีปัจจัยข้างต้นนี้ เพื่อเป็นวางแผนป้องกันการเกิดโรคหัวใจและหลอดเลือดต่อไป
SİYASAL AHLÂK/ETİK İLE İLGİLİ ÇALIŞMALARIN BİBLİYOMETRİK ANALİZ YÖNTEMİ İLE İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Erol , NALBANT Fatma
Published: August 2023

Siyasal ahlâk/etik konusu tarih boyunca farklı açılardan ele alınmış, sosyal bilimlerin çeşitli alanlarında çalışma konusu olmuştur. Bu çalışmada ise siyasal ahlâk/etik ile ilgili çalışmaların uluslararası literatürdeki gelişim seyrinin ve güncel mevcut durumunun ortaya koyulması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda bibliyometrik analiz yöntemi tercih edilerek, 18.02.2023 tarihinde Web of Science Core Collection veri tabanında “political morality” ve “political ethics” kavramlarına ilişkin taramalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Tarama sonucunda “political morality” kavramı ile 304, “political ethics” kavramı ile 477 çalışmaya ulaşılmıştır. Söz konusu çalışmalardan elde edilen veriler incelendiğinde; tüm alanlar içerisinde siyasal ahlâk kavramı ile ilgili 86 ve siyasal etik kavramı ile ilgili 113 çalışmayla, ilk sırada siyaset biliminin yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma türleri kapsamında en çok makale türünde çalışmaların yayımlandığı görülmüştür. Her iki kavram açısından da ülkeler bağlamında en fazla çalışmanın %30’luk oran ile ABD tarafından gerçekleştirildiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Anahtar kelime analizi sonucunda ise 1259 anahtar kelime arasından en az 5 kere tekrar eden 23 kavram arasından ilişkiselliği en yüksek 21 kavram bulunmuştur. Bu alandaki güncel çalışma konularının ise “siyasal ahlâk”, “liberalizm” ve “hak” anahtar kelimeleriyle ilişkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Genel görünümde siyasal ahlâka/etiğe ilişkin yapılan çalışmaların niceliksel olarak artırılması ve bilimsel çalışmalarda bu konu üzerinde daha fazla durulması gerektiği ifade edilebilir.
THE EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLES AND EMOTIONAL LABOR ON PERCEIVED SUPERVISOR SUPPORT AND PERCEIVED ORGANIZATIONAL SUPPORT
Authors: BAKER Nevra
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study is to investigate the combined effect of the transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire leadership styles and emotional labor in forms of surface acting and deep acting on perceived supervisor support and perceived organizational support. To test the hypotheses of the study, an experiment was designed where six fictional leader types were designated. Then, the respondents were asked to complete a questionnaire about their self-foreseen levels of perceived supervisor support and perceived organizational support, imagining that they were actually working with the designated fictional leader. The findings of the study reveal that transformational leaders arouse higher levels of perceived supervisor support and perceived organizational support compared to transactional and laissez-faire leaders. Moreover, transactional and laissez-faire leaders who display deep acting arouse higher levels of perceived supervisor support compared to their counterparts displaying surface acting. Lastly, laissez-faire leaders who display deep acting will arouse higher levels of perceived organizational support as compared to laissez-faire leaders who display surface acting.
LOCK IN ISOMORPHIC CHANGE? CAMEROON PATH DEPENDENCY TO ITS HISTORICAL THRESHOLDS.
Authors: NOBOLA Jean Emile
Published: August 2023

Abstract

This paper makes the case for the causal relation between national historical thresholds, isomorphic change, path dependency and the policy transfer of governance systems in a developing country emerging from a long ‘western domination.’ The study used the isomorphic change to trace back the trajectory of administrative reform in a developing country like Cameroon. The theory of path dependency has provided the needed tools to decipher the hidden dynamics of administrative models loosely adopted through the lenses of the multi-level account of policy transfer. Finally, the systematic analysis of the German protectorate from 1884 to 1916, the France and British mandate and trusteeship from 1916 to 1945 and from 1945 to 1956/57 respectively, laid out the policy transfer’s dynamics and the lock-in frame binding the Cameroonian administrative reform into an atypical furrow of largely ritualistic/ceremonial changes. The said changes are hiding long-lasting conformity to mores of neo-patrimonialism, strategic conformity to international standards and the increasing returns’ outcomes ascribing the country into a path dependent ‘trap’ since. By looking for causal assessment of historical sequences on today’s administrative outcomes in Cameroon, associated with a systematic and contextualised comparison of similar and contrasting cases, this research is conducted from the standpoint of comparative historical analysis. The core finding is that after several decades, Cameroon has adopted trajectories that remain fundamentally disconnected from domestic cultural and anthropological realities, producing hybrid, decoupled systems of governance. The study concludes that the historical cornerstones of Cameroon have promoted and served as fertile ground for the isomorphic reproduction and policy transfer of administrative models from former resident foreign countries (Germany, Great Britain and France).
Construction of the School Physical Environment Standardized Features Tool
Authors: Salih Hewa , Khalifa Mohammed
Published: August 2023

Objective: A descriptive design, using the methodological approach, is carried throughout the presentstudy from April 1st 2012 to May 20th 2013 to construct the school physical environment standardizedfeatures tool.Methodology: An instrument of (141) item is constructed for the purpose of the study. A purposivesample of (44) school; (22) public and (22) private ones is selected. Content Validity of the instrument isdetermined through the use of panel of (11) expert who are specialists in Community Health Nursing andCommunity Medicine. Internal consistency reliability, using the split-half technique, is employed throughthe computation of Cronbach alpha correlation coefficient of (0.93) for internal scale. Data were collectedthrough the use of the instrument and the schools' visits as means of data collection. Data are analyzedthrough the application of the inferential statistical data analysis procedure of simple Pearson’scorrelation coefficient and factor analysis (principle component) method.Results: Findings of the study reveal that the features are presented, post their rearrangement, under fivefactors that include school services, emergency and school sanitation, food and protection services, safeschool environment, and school environment. So, the new tool can be structured, tested and used asguide for new investigations. Such presentation of factors reflects the actual model by which the school'sphysical environment features can be considered as essential elements for future evaluation through theutilization of the constructed tool.Recommendations: The study recommends that the new discovered tool can be used as measure forfuture work, and further studies can be carried out on large sample size and nation-wide base.
Effectiveness of Dietary Habits on Urolithiatic Patients at Urinary Units in Baghdad Teaching Hospitals
Authors: Salih Maqdad , Kadhim Haleema
Published: August 2023

Objectives: The study aims at finding the effectiveness of dietary habits on urolithiatic patients at Urinary Unitsin Baghdad Teaching Hospitals.Methodology: A quantitative descriptive study was conducted to identify the effectiveness of dietary habits on(100) of urolithiatic patients in Urinary Units at Baghdad Teaching Hospitals starting from May 2011 to Sep.2012.Data were collected through the use of constructed check list of the questionnaire format, whichconsists of two parts: - The first part: is related to the patient's demographic variables ; the second part: isconstructed to serve the purpose of the study (effectiveness of the dietary habits). The total number of itemsof the questionnaire is (69) items. Validity of the questionnaire format was determined through a panel of (23)experts and the reliability is determined through a pilot study. Descriptive statistical analysis procedures (thefrequency, and the percentage) is used for the data analysis of this study.Results: The data of this study shows that the urinary tract system (UTS) stone formation (SF) is: {Activated(increased) by fried foods, soft drinks (Pepsi cola and Coca cola), tea, red meat, eggs, ice cream, tomato,potato, pepper, urinary tract infection (UTI), obesity, hot areas, low education; and, Inhibited (decreased) bywater, coffee, cacao, natural raisin and apricot ( fresh, syrup, dry), Artificial beverage (Seven up, Miranda),herbs, milk, cheese and butter, white meat (chicken, fish), vitamins}. So, it would be concluded that there is aclear effect of ''dietary habit'' on urinary stone formation.Recommendations: The study recommended that the patients should be given booklets or manual guidesincluding the following (Type of his/her urinary stone. Accordingly should be advised to: Reduction of his/herdietary habit by preventing certain materials and increasing others to avoid stone recurrence; Advised to drinkliquids especially water 3-4 l/day, Never delay urine voiding, and add the Milk to tea to decrease tea'spromotion to stone formation because the tea is high content of oxalate).
Knowledge of Prenatal Care Nurses toward Management of Toxoplasmosis in Pregnant Women
Authors: Khudair Fatima
Published: August 2023

Objective: This study aims to assess the level of nurse's knowledge regarding toxoplasmosis managementin pregnant women.Methodology: A descriptive analytic study was carried out from January 2012 to March 2012. A sample of(70)nurses who provide prenatal care to pregnant women at primary health care centers of AL-Adala,ALHindia,AL-Askary,AL-Jamea,AL-Ansarand AL-Salam in AL-Najaf city. The questionnaire was self-completedand included questions on sociodemographic characteristics and toxoplasmosis aspects.Results: The findings of the study indicated that (44.3%) of nurses have moderate level of knowledge.(32.9%) of nurses was with age ranging from 31-36 years. (74.3%) were male. (52.9%) were secondarygraduate,(31.4) were institute graduates, regarding the training sessions the majority of nurses(84.3%)have no training sessions, (34.3%) of nurses who were included in the study have duration ofexperience ranging from 7-13 years. Highly significant relation between nurse‘s level of knowledge andtheir age and years of experience (0.009, 0.024) respectivelyRecommendations: The study recommended that: it is necessary to join all nurses who work in prenatalcare units in workshop training, continuing education sessions regarding toxoplasmosis aspects and othermother –child issues to improve health awareness. Another study should be conducted to investigate theassociation between the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and affectivity of prenatal care in preventingtoxoplasmosis.
Juridical Analysis Of Creditor Protection Related To The Transfer Of Property In Bankruptcy Proceedings By Debtors
Authors: Rasji Rasji , Saly Jeane Neltje , Widyastuti Stefani
Published: August 2023

This study examines problems related to legal protection of creditors caused by debtors transferring their assets when applying for bankruptcy and regulations in the Bankruptcy Law so that they can become a legal umbrella for creditors to obtain their receivables. The research approach used in this study is a statutory approach (statue approach) with a type of normative juridical research. The sources of legal materials used are primary and secondary sources of legal materials. The technique of collecting legal materials used is library research. Validity uses theory triangulation and concept triangulation. The Bankruptcy Law essentially regulates in the event that debtors transfer their assets when they are filed for bankruptcy through a mechanism called Actio Pauliana. However, the Actio Pauliana mechanism contained in Article 41 of the Bankruptcy Law still has several shortcomings, including: First, Refusal due to differences in perception between judges to identify debtors' actions as fraud; Second, the judicial jurisdiction authorized to adjudicate Actio Pauliana's suit; Third, the lack of participation from parties, such as: customers, police, prosecutors, or banks due to incomprehension of the Bankruptcy Law.
Insights into postgraduate student behaviour, underpinned by motivational orientation, within an emergency remote teaching environment
Authors: Rivers Nicola , Beilby Kiri
Published: August 2023

Much of the world switched to emergency remote teaching (ERT) as the Covid-19 pandemic unfolded and deciding which learnings to integrate into the return to normative practice, if any at all, is worthy of investigation. Opportunistic observation and inquiry into student behaviour in response to ERT can provide depth to our current understanding of pedagogical practice and theory. Here, we consider our students’ perception of workload, which dropped consistently between 2019-2022, alongside our students experiences and their self-regulation styles as defined by self-determination theory (SDT). Using SDT to consider how different self-regulation styles interacted with factors internal and external to the course allowed us to reflect on the impact of changes made to the teaching environment, and effects of the global pandemic. We found students preference asynchronous engagement with content that was designed to be synchronous, but issues with time management and pressure to work contributed to an imbalance that resulted in an increased perception of workload. Interestingly, how students reacted to and adapted to this imbalance differed depending on their self-regulation style. Understanding the changing needs of students is imperative to designing education effectively in our changing social climate. Evaluating course design to ensure delivery methods offer value to students and communicating the purpose of these design decisions is critical in an environment where education is competing with paid work. Ensuring students and teachers are aligned through the education process will be key to navigating the changing external pressures students are facing, helping to improve the student experience overall.