bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional contexts influence toddlers’ prosocial strategies
Authors: Donohue Meghan Rose , Williamson Rebecca A. , Tully Erin C.
Published: March 2020

Prosocial behavior is a highly heterogeneous construct, and young children use distinct prosocial actions in response to differing emotional needs of another person. This study examined whether toddlers’ prosocial responses differed in response to two understudied emotional contexts—whether or not children caused a victim’s distress and the specific emotion expressed by the victim. Toddlers ( N = 86; M age = 35 months) and their parent participated in two separate mishap paradigms in which parents feigned pain and sadness, respectively. Half of the sample was led to believe they had transgressed to cause their parent’s distress, whereas the other half simply witnessed parent distress as bystanders. Results indicated that toddlers were overall equally prosocial when they were transgressors compared to when they were bystanders and significantly more prosocial in response to sadness than pain. Toddlers were significantly more likely to use affection as transgressors than bystanders, information seeking as bystanders than transgressors, and affection in response to pain than sadness. All children used greater helping in response to sadness than pain, and this was especially true when they were bystanders. Findings add to mounting evidence of the complexity of prosocial action in early childhood by identifying that two, distinct emotional contexts influence the amount and type of prosocial behaviors that toddlers use to help others.
The Influence of Self-Disclosure in Online Support Seeking on Quality of Received Advice
Authors: Wingate V. Skye , Feng Bo , Kim Chelsea , Pan Wenjing , Jang JooYoung
Published: March 2020

Advice of varying quality can be provided to support seekers online. This study examined whether the type of self-disclosure (demographic vs. self-concept) included in a support-seeking post elicits varying levels of advice quality in support provision. Participants ( N = 624) read and responded to an online support-seeking post. Their advice messages were assessed for quality as indexed by the use of reasoning and the sequencing of advice relative to other elements of supportive interactions (emotional support and problem inquiry and analysis). Overall, results suggested that most advice messages were behavior-oriented and did not contain reasoning or additional supportive acts. The type of self-disclosure did not affect advice quality. Theoretical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Robust navigation of a soft growing robot by exploiting contact with the environment
Authors: Greer Joseph D , Blumenschein Laura H , Alterovitz Ron , Hawkes Elliot W , Okamura Allison M
Published: March 2020

Navigation and motion control of a robot to a destination are tasks that have historically been performed with the assumption that contact with the environment is harmful. This makes sense for rigid-bodied robots, where obstacle collisions are fundamentally dangerous. However, because many soft robots have bodies that are low-inertia and compliant, obstacle contact is inherently safe. As a result, constraining paths of the robot to not interact with the environment is not necessary and may be limiting. In this article, we mathematically formalize interactions of a soft growing robot with a planar environment in an empirical kinematic model. Using this interaction model, we develop a method to plan paths for the robot to a destination. Rather than avoiding contact with the environment, the planner exploits obstacle contact when beneficial for navigation. We find that a planner that takes into account and capitalizes on environmental contact produces paths that are more robust to uncertainty than a planner that avoids all obstacle contact.
Ultrasound-guided erector spinae block for post-thoracotomy pain syndrome in video-assisted thoracic surgery
Authors: Piraccini Emanuele , Biondi Giulia , De Lorenzo Eleonora , Corso Ruggero M. , Maitan Stefano
Published: March 2020

This article describes our experience with 5 patients with post-thoracotomy pain syndrome after video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomies, treated with weekly erector spinae plane block. We injected corticosteroid and local anesthetic. At the end of the treatment period, pain scores decreased significantly. Our experience suggests that erector spinae plane block may have a role in the treatment of post-thoracoscopy pain syndrome.
Copyright literacy of library and information science professionals in Bangladesh
Authors: Hossain Zakir
Published: March 2020

Library and information science (LIS) professionals often act as default copyright mavens at their institutions and, therefore, must have an awareness of copyright law and practices. Using a quantitative national survey: ‘Copyright Literacy of Bangladeshi LIS Professionals’ which was part of a multinational survey entitled ‘Copyright Literacy of specialists from libraries and other cultural institutions’, the main objective of the Bangladesh part was to illustrate the self-perceived familiarity with, knowledge and awareness of, and opinions about copyright-related issues of LIS professionals in Bangladesh. The survey also explored the existing institutional copyright policies, the need for copyright education for new and existing professionals and suggested topics for inclusion in training activities. The results show that Bangladeshi LIS professionals have conceptual knowledge and awareness of copyright issues, but overall lack an applied approach and hands-on training. This weakness is even more pronounced among LIS professionals who work in non-academic institutions. Based on these findings, it is suggested that relevant workshops, seminars and roundtable meetings focusing on copyright be organized that will pave the way for continued knowledge development around this topic.
Pilot Outcomes of a Multicomponent Fall Risk Program Integrated Into Daily Lives of Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Szanton Sarah L. , Clemson Lindy , Liu Minhui , Gitlin Laura N. , Hladek Melissa D. , LaFave Sarah E. , Roth David L. , Marx Katherine A. , Felix Cynthia , Okoye Safiyyah M. , Zhang Xuan , Bautista Svetlana , Granbom Marianne
Published: March 2020

Objectives: To evaluate whether a fall prevention intervention reduces fall risk in older adults who have previously fallen. Design: Randomized controlled pilot trial. Setting: Participants’ homes. Intervention: LIVE-LiFE, adapted from Lifestyle-Intervention Functional Exercise (LiFE) integrates strength and balance training into daily habits in eight visits over 12 weeks. The adaptations to LiFE were to also provide (a) US$500 in home safety changes, (b) vision contrast screening and referral, and (c) medication recommendations. Control condition consisted of fall prevention materials and individualized fall risk summary. Measurement: Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Tandem stand. Falls efficacy, feasibility, and acceptability of the intervention. Results: Sample ( N = 37) was 65% female, 65% White, and average 77 years. Compared with the control group, each outcome improved in the intervention. The LIVE-LiFE intervention had a large effect (1.1) for tandem stand, moderate (0.5) in falls efficacy, and small (0.1) in the TUG. Conclusion: Simultaneously addressing preventable fall risk factors is feasible.
Poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate polyelectrolyte complex as flame retardant for char-forming epoxy resins
Authors: Zhang Lichen , Yi Deqi , Hao Jianwei
Published: March 2020

The flame retardant poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate polyelectrolyte complex and the curing agent m-Phenylenediamine were blended into diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)-type epoxy resin to prepare flame-retardant epoxy resin thermosets. The effects of poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate on fire retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of epoxy resins (EP)/poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate composites were tested by Limiting Oxygen Index, UL-94, cone calorimeter tests, and thermogravimetric analysis and compared with pure EP. The results showed that the Limiting Oxygen Index value of EP/poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate composite could reach 31.9%, and UL-94 V-0 rating at 10 wt% poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate loading. Meanwhile the cone calorimetry peak heat release rate and total heat release were reduced up to 55.2% and 21.8%, respectively; smoke production rate and total smoke production were also declined significantly, compared with those of pure epoxy resins. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium) and polyphosphate played a very good flame-retardant effect on epoxy resins.
Post-exposure prophylaxis in the era of pre-exposure prophylaxis: a study of post-exposure prophylaxis use in South-East Queensland since the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme listing of pre-exposure prophylaxis
Authors: Biggs Karen , O’Sullivan Maree , Palmer Cheryn , McLellan Jacqualine , Marple-Clark Fiona , Spinks Adam , Langton-Lockton Julian , Thng Caroline
Published: March 2020

Both post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) involve the use of antiretroviral drugs taken by HIV-uninfected individuals to reduce HIV acquisition risk. While PEP has been available in Australia for many years, PrEP became widely accessible in 2018 after listing on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS). Studies have reported on the impact of PrEP on condom use. The impact of PrEP on the use of PEP in Australia has not been reported. This project examined PEP use across three public sexual health services in South-East Queensland, Australia, comparing rates in 2016 (prePBS-listed PrEP) and 2019 (postPBS-listed PrEP), to determine if PEP prescribing, and the characteristics of people accessing PEP, have changed. Results showed that PEP prescribing made up 2.85% of all clients seen in 2016, dropping to 2.33% in 2019, reflecting a decrease of 0.5% (p = 0.048). There was a significant increase in Medicare-ineligible clients accessing PEP (9% in 2016; 21% in 2019; p = 0.002) and a significant increase in PrEP-experienced clients accessing PEP between the two study periods (4% in 2016; 14% in 2019; p ≤ 0.001). The marginal decrease in PEP prescribing highlights that PEP remains an important option especially for those with barriers to accessing and adhering to daily PrEP.
A threshold linear mixed model for identification of treatment-sensitive subsets in a clinical trial based on longitudinal outcomes and a continuous covariate
Authors: Ge Xinyi , Peng Yingwei , Tu Dongsheng
Published: March 2020

Identification of a subset of patients who may be sensitive to a specific treatment is an important problem in clinical trials. In this paper, we consider the case where the treatment effect is measured by longitudinal outcomes, such as quality of life scores assessed over the duration of a clinical trial, and the subset is determined by a continuous baseline covariate, such as age and expression level of a biomarker. A threshold linear mixed model is introduced, and a smoothing maximum likelihood method is proposed to obtain the estimation of the parameters in the model. Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno algorithm is employed to maximize the proposed smoothing likelihood function. The proposed procedure is evaluated through simulation studies and application to the analysis of data from a randomized clinical trial on patients with advanced colorectal cancer.
A Training Case of the Theory of Protective Factors of Monogamy
Authors: Fye Marissa A. , Mims Grace A.
Published: March 2020

Practicing monogamy to avoid infidelity is a common relationship dynamic and expectation. Even so, few people are taught monogamy strategies. Instead, they might just receive the message of “Just don’t do it.” This article is training and pedagogically based and is intended to help educators and supervisors integrate the theory of protective factors of monogamy with their marriage/couple and family curriculum. A brief review of the theory is presented in addition to a case and detailed reflective and application teaching strategies.
Three degrees of freedom rotary double inverted pendulum stabilization by using robust generalized dynamic inversion control: Design and experiments
Authors: Mehedi Ibrahim M , Ansari Uzair , AL-Saggaf Ubaid M
Published: March 2020

The aim of this article was to determine control strategy for balance control of rotary double inverted pendulum system, which is highly nonlinear and unstable under-actuated system. The complexities involved in rotary double inverted pendulum dynamics make this system a useful engineering test bed to test and verify newly designed controllers. In this article, a constraint-based control approach titled robust generalized dynamic inversion is designed and implemented for robust stabilization of rotary double inverted pendulum system. The robust generalized dynamic inversion control is designed in two stages; in the first stage, constraint differential equations of the controlled state variables are prescribed, which encompasses the control objectives. To enforce the constraint dynamics, the equivalent control is realized by means of Moore–Penrose generalized inversion. To enhance robustness, the switching (discontinuous) control is introduced in second stage, whose design principle is based on classical sliding mode control theory. Finally, the controllers obtained in two stages are augmented to form the resultant robust generalized dynamic inversion control law. The proposed controller ensures robustness along with improved time domain performance regardless of system nonlinearities, uncertainties, and unwanted disturbances. The stability analysis is presented for guaranteeing semi-global asymptotically stable closed loop performance via Lyapunov stability criteria. Numerical simulation and experimental investigations are carried out along with comparative analysis, to demonstrate the effectiveness of robust generalized dynamic inversion control algorithm over other conventional control methods.
Aeroelastic flutter control of a bridge using rotating mass dampers and winglets
Authors: Bera Kamal K , Chandiramani Naresh K
Published: March 2020

Flutter control of a bridge deck section using a combination of aerodynamic and mechanical measures, that is controllable winglets and rotating mass dampers, is considered. Deck and winglets are considered as flat plates for their aerodynamics. Self-excited wind forces are represented in the time domain using the Scanlan–Tomko model with Roger’s rational function approximation for flutter derivatives. Winglet rotation relative to the deck is the control input generated by the variable-gain output feedback controller that uses vertical and torsional displacements of the deck as measured outputs. Control using winglets enhances the critical speed to twice the uncontrolled flutter speed. Further attenuation of vertical response is obtained by using rotating mass dampers configured to provide only a resultant vertical force due to counter-rotating unbalanced masses. The rotors are driven at a constant angular speed, and start–stop criteria are applied. This generates additional vertical force on the deck that is mostly out of phase with its vertical velocity. It yields better control than the damper operated in a continuous rotation mode for a fixed number of cycles. A maximum reduction of 15% in root mean square vertical response is obtained when compared with control using winglets only.
Implicit? What Do You Mean? A Comprehensive Review of the Delusive Implicitness Construct in Attitude Research
Authors: Corneille Olivier , Hütter Mandy
Published: March 2020

This article provides a comprehensive review of divergent conceptualizations of the “implicit” construct that have emerged in attitude research over the past two decades. In doing so, our goal is to raise awareness of the harmful consequences of conceptual ambiguities associated with this terminology. We identify three main conceptualizations of the “implicitness” construct: the procedural conceptualization (implicit-as-indirect), the functional conceptualization (implicit-as-automatic), and the mental theory conceptualization (implicit-as-associative), as well as two hybrid conceptualizations (implicit-as-indirect-and-automatic, implicit-as-driven-by-affective-gut-reactions). We discuss critical limitations associated with each conceptualization and explain that confusion also arises from their coexistence. We recommend discontinuing the usage of the “implicit” terminology in attitude research and research inspired by it. We offer terminological alternatives aimed at increasing both the precision of theorization and the practical value of future research.
Impact of gonadal status on ultrasonographic renal parenchymal dimensions in healthy cats
Authors: Tanvetthayanont Potsawat , Ponglowhapan Suppawiwat , Thanaboonnipat Chutimon , Choisunirachon Nan
Published: March 2020

Objectives

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of gonadal status on ultrasonographic renal parenchymal dimensions in healthy cats.

Methods

Forty healthy cats (10 intact males, 10 intact females, 10 castrated males and 10 spayed females) presented to the Division of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, and the Diagnostic Imaging Unit at The Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. They were ultrasonographically examined to assess renal length, aortic luminal diameter, cortical thickness and medullary thickness.

Results

Regardless of gonadal status, the renal length, aortic luminal diameter, cortical thickness and medulla thickness of males were greater than those of females ( P <0.05). In general, neutered cats had thicker medullae (0.36 ± 0.08 cm) and higher mean renal length:aortic luminal diameter ratio (12.15 ± 1.48) than intact cats (0.32 ± 0.08 cm and 11.22 ± 1.37 cm, respectively) ( P <0.05), but no differences were observed in renal length, cortical thickness or aortic luminal diameter. Interestingly, when comparing between sexes with relatively equal body weight, only sex had an impact on renal length.

Conclusions and relevance

Gonadal status has an effect on medullary thickness and mean renal length:aortic luminal diameter ratio.
Durability and adsorption of heavy metal ions of glass-geogrid-reinforced geosynthetic clay liners
Authors: Li Ting-Ting , Wang Zhike , Peng Hao-Kai , Zhang Xiayun , Wu Liwei , Lou Ching-Wen , Lin Jia-Horng
Published: March 2020

Geosynthetic clay liners (GCLs) are commonly used in engineering to prevent seepage. These liners’ surface fabric often suffers damage, especially in toxic environments and under high pressure. To mechanically strengthen the GCLs, this study proposes reinforcement by using needle bonding and glass geogrid to establish glass-geogrid-reinforced GCLs (i.e., GGCLs), consisting of glass geogrid, bentonite layer, and 0.3 mm thick melt-blown nonwoven fabric. Tensile durability of GGCLs was determined by exposing them to thermal oxidation and UV degradation. Hydraulic conductivity and heavy metal ions adsorption of GGCLs was explored to simulate the damage caused by garbage leachate. Tensile strengths of polyamide (PA)- and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-contained GGCLs retained greater than 73% and 90%, respectively, even after 20 h thermal oxidation at 100°C and 60 h UV degradation. Improvement of hydraulic conductivity after 2 h adsorptions of Cu2+, Ni2+, and Pb2+ reached 51.09, 51.04, and 45.56%. The absorptions of Cu2+ and Ni2+ conformed to the quasi-secondary dynamics model, but that of Pb2+ followed both the quasi-first-order and quasi-secondary dynamics models. The mechanical properties and impermeability of the resulting GGCLs declined under the simulated conditions. This study provides a basic theory to predict the durability and adsorption of heavy metal ion of landfill GGCLs under natural and severe weather conditions.
Impact of professionally facilitated peer support for family carers of people with dementia in a WeChat virtual community
Authors: Han Jing , Guo Guifang , Hong Li
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Dementia is an important issue affecting families and society. Family carers face challenges accessing support due to homebound duties of caring for people with dementia. Internet-based support provides feasible and accessible opportunities.

Methods

A single-group repeated-measures study was conducted with carers who provide primary care or regularly participate in care for relatives with dementia in a WeChat virtual community. Interventions included three to six months of peer and professional support, included peer emotional support, lectures and consultation, technique support and articles. Self-administered online questionnaires were used pre and post intervention to collect carers’ feedback on activities, indicators of depression, helplessness, perceived stress, carer burden, distress caused by responsive behaviours and self-efficacy.

Results

A total of 159 carers participated. Of these, 136 (85.5%) were active members according to the amount of information shared in community. A total of 92.4% of carers thought the help and support from the community were important or very important. There were statistically significant differences after intervention for depression ( p < 0.05), perceived stress ( p < 0.05), helplessness ( p < 0.001), self-efficacy total score ( p < 0.05) and two domains of gathering information and obtaining support ( p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant decrease after intervention for distress caused by responsive behaviours and carer burden ( p>0.05).

Discussion

Professional facilitated peer support based on WeChat virtual community is feasible and acceptable for family carers of people with dementia. It can reduce carers’ perceived pressure, helplessness and depression, and improve self-efficacy compared to pre participation.
The Hospital Safety Scale for Kids: Development of a new measurement tool for hospitalized children
Authors: Oh Won-Oak , Song Daejin , Han Jihee , Park Mi Youn , Park Il Tae
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to develop an instrument to assess the perception of hospital safety among hospitalized children for preschool age children. An initial 30 items of the preliminary Hospital Safety Scale for Kids (HSS-Kids) were generated based on literature reviews and focus-group interviews. The 30 items were developed as different types of hospital-based incidents, situation scenarios, and pictorial animation cards for describing them. The evaluation process was conducted with a sample of 150 hospitalized children and their caregivers. Construct, convergent, and discriminant validities were tested by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. For criterion validity, concurrent validity was confirmed, and reliability was established through Cronbach’s α coefficients. The final 15 HSS-Kids hospital scenario picture cards were categorized into four subdomains, falls, general injuries, burns, and medical devices, which explained 62.92% of the total variance. The HSS-Kids demonstrated construct, convergent, discriminant, and concurrent validity, with Cronbach’s αs ranging from .649 to .792. The HSS-Kids is a promising instrument to screen children at high risk of incidents by capturing their perception on hospital safety.
In the Era of the Leeds Protocol: A Systematic Review and A Meta-Analysis on the Effect of Resection Margins on Survival Among Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Patients
Authors: Kurlinkus B. , Ahola R. , Zwart E. , Halimi A. , Yilmaz B. S. , Ceyhan G. O. , Laukkarinen J.
Published: March 2020

Background and Aims:

A positive resection margin is considered to be a factor associated with poor prognosis after pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma resection. However, analysis of the resection margin is dependent on the pathological slicing technique. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to study the impact of resection margin on the survival of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients whose specimens were analyzed using the axial slicing technique.

Material and Methods:

A systematic search in the PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase datasets covering the time period from November 2006 to January 2019 was performed. Only studies with axial slicing technique (Leeds Pathology Protocol or Royal College of Pathology Protocol) were included in the final database. Meta-analysis between the marginal distance and survival was performed with the Inverse Variance Method in RevMan.

Results:

The systematic search resulted in nine studies meeting the inclusion criteria. The median survival for a resection margin 0 mm ranged from 12.3 to 23.4 months, for resection margin <0.5 mm 16 months, for resection margin <1 mm ranged from 11 to 27.5 months, for resection margin <1.5 mm ranged from 16.9 to 21.2 months, and for resection margin >2 mm ranged from 53.9 to 63.1 months. Five studies were eligible for meta-analysis. The pooled multivariable hazard ratio favored resection margin ⩾1 mm (hazard ratio: 1.32 and 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.68, p = 0.03).

Conclusion:

Resection margins ⩾1 mm seem to lead to better survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma patients than resection margin <1 mm. However, there is not enough data to evaluate the effect of oncologic therapy or to analyze the impact of other resection margin distances on survival.
Alasdair MacIntyre’s challenge: Police corruption, management ethics, and the indispensable virtues of integrity and constancy
Authors: Loomis David , Loomis Steven
Published: March 2020

This paper investigates some of the information conditions necessary for the preservation of police officers’ individual and collective moral agency, particularly the virtues of integrity and constancy, which can diminish in markedly rule-based, informationally impoverished, or corrupt work environments. We focus on one particular work from philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre, who explores the threat of social structures to moral agency by using the hypothetical case of J whose job it was to make the trains run on time while avoiding questions about the cargo. J’s supervisors and the broader social structure he occupies inhibited his capacity to be a full moral agent. In order to illustrate the relevance and application of MacIntyre’s argument to policing and the good justice, including the wider philosophical and economic problems of compartmentalization of moral agency, we draw from his framework to consider our own case study in policing inspired by a challenging era within the recent history of the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department (USA). Implications for leadership and management in policing are discussed.
A ‘Whole Systems’ View of Vulnerability to Climatic Risks: The Case of the Urban Poor in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Haque Anika Nasra
Published: March 2020

The article aims to identify how varied factors (e.g., physical and socioeconomical) behind vulnerability of the urban poor in Dhaka’s low-income settlements interact with each other to constitute their overall vulnerability. It addresses the complexity of the issues involved which cannot be understood by having partial look at their vulnerability. Hence, it suggests a ‘whole systems’ view to understand the underlying phenomenon. Data collected through mixed methods were analysed using a grounded theory-systems analysis approach. It identifies the reinforcing loops developed within the systems that strongly promote poverty traps and also identifies ways in which these vicious circles can be broken.
Investigation by simulation of the RF carpets for the transport of ions at atmospheric pressures
Authors: Poteshin Sergey , Burykina Anna , Adamov Alexey , Sysoev Alexey
Published: March 2020

Ion funnels, quadrupole, and multipole are well-known ion optic methods for transportation of ions. However, the methods are suitable for pressures below 30–40 Torr. The main loss of ions occurs in an inlet of mass spectrometer at atmospheric pressure. This work offers a focusing system, which employs a fine-structure electrode ion carpet. The focusing efficiency of fine-structure electrode was investigated by computer simulation methods and it was compared with theoretical estimation. The methods demonstrated good agreement with each other that promises a reliability of results. The authors found an optimal fine-structure electrode ion carpet configuration (electrodes width of 10 µm), which demonstrates suitable focusing efficiency and can be implemented in practice.
Validation of a New Method for 2D Fusion Imaging Registration in a System Prepared Only for 3D
Authors: Edsfeldt Andreas , Sonesson Björn , Rosén Helena , Petri Marcelo H. , Hongku Kiattisak , Resch Timothy , Dias Nuno V.
Published: March 2020

Purpose: To validate a new 2D-3D registration method of fusion imaging during aortic repair in a system prepared only for 3D-3D registration and to compare radiation doses and accuracy. Materials and Methods: The study involved 189 patients, including 94 patients (median age 70 years; 85 men) who underwent abdominal endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) with 2D-3D fusion on an Artis zee imaging system and 95 EVAR patients (median age 70 years; 81 men) from a prior study who had 3D-3D registration done using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). For the 2D-3D registration, an offline CBCT of the empty operating table was imported into the intraoperative dataset and superimposed on the preoperative computed tomography angiogram (CTA). Then 2 intraoperative single-frame 2D images of the skeleton were aligned with the patient’s skeleton on the preoperative CTA to complete the registration process. A digital subtraction angiogram was done to correct any misalignment of the aortic CTA volume. Values are given as the median [interquartile range (IQR) Q1, Q3]. Results: The 2D-3D registration had an accuracy of 4.0 mm (IQR 3.0, 5.0) after bone matching compared with the final correction with DSA (78% within 5 mm). By applying the 2D-3D protocol the radiation exposure (dose area product) from the registration of the fusion image was significantly reduced compared with the 3D-3D registration [1.12 Gy∙cm2 (IQR 0.41, 2.14) vs 43.4 Gy∙cm2 (IQR 37.1, 49.0), respectively; p<0.001). Conclusion: The new 2D-3D registration protocol based on 2 single-frame images avoids an intraoperative CBCT and can be used for fusion imaging registration in a system originally designed for 3D-3D only. This 2D-3D registration protocol is accurate and leads to a significant reduction in radiation exposure.
Lessons From Migrant Integration Into European Societies
Authors: Cajvan Claudia
Published: March 2020

The article examines the immigration and integration policies of France, Sweden, Germany and Denmark. It argues that there is a need for a more unified understanding of the concept of integration throughout the member states. Although European law does not regulate the issue of immigrant integration as it is a competence of the member states, there is a need for a unified understanding of integration. Denmark’s integration policy is described as an example of an effective policy that ought to be emulated, in contrast to those of other countries. The article concludes that the problems France, Sweden and Germany face in integrating newcomers are partly due to a lack of consensus about what integration ought to be.
Patriarchy and progressive politics: gendered resistance to mining through everyday social relations of state formation in Intag, Ecuador
Authors: Billo Emily
Published: March 2020

Over the last decade, the Ecuadorian government, following regional trends, called for social and environmental progress through state-controlled resource extraction. Scholars have demonstrated that this neo-extractive model warranted further investigation regarding its progressive aims. Specifically, this paper examines gendered critiques of state-led extractivism linked to expanding governmental and social programs. Even as women asserted their political recognition and rights in state politics, they still confronted patriarchal relations in their everyday lives. Drawing on eight months of ethnographic research over 6 years in campesino communities of Junín and Chalguayacu Alto, I argue that women in Intag challenged patriarchal state relations of extractive capitalism. This paper offers a novel contribution to literature on neo-extractivism and gendered forms of resistance. Women held the state accountable for its promises of social welfare and infrastructural development through which it generated public support for controversial mineral projects. These symbols of state paternalism revealed expanded patriarchal structures that underpinned their daily lives, with significance for a gendered politics of resistance.
Vascular Anatomy of the Inferior Turbinate and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Scott John R. , Psaltis Alkis J. , Wormald Peter-John
Published: March 2020

Background

Published reports on the vascular anatomy of the inferior turbinate (IT) are limited. Historical papers report the IT artery as a tributary off the posterior lateral nasal artery (PLNA), but this has not been our clinical experience.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the arterial blood supply to and the branching pattern within the IT. We discuss this is the context of IT surgery and relate it to postoperative bleeding complication rates.

Methods

Endoscopic dissection was performed on 16 cadaver heads (24 sides) to determine the origin of the IT artery. Intraoperative surgical videos were analyzed in 50 patients to uncover the vascular branching pattern within the IT. A retrospective review of bleeding complications in patients undergoing IT reduction surgery was also conducted.

Results

In 17 of 24 sides (70.8%), the IT artery arose either exclusively (54.2%) or partly (16.6%) off the descending palatine artery (DPA). As a branch off the DPA, the IT artery exited the pterygopalatine fossa through a foramen located 7.7 ± 3.0 mm from posterior edge of the IT, 8.4 ± 3.1 mm above the nasal floor and 1.6 ± 2.1 mm below the insertion of the IT bone onto the lateral nasal wall. The mean number of arteries cascading within the IT was 2.7 ± 0.5. Moreover, 112 patients underwent IT reduction surgery and 2 (1.8%) experienced postoperative epistaxis.

Conclusion

The IT artery has major contributions from the DPA. Most commonly 3 arteries branch within the IT. Knowledge of this vascular anatomy may minimize bleeding associated with IT reduction surgery.
Deep sedation as temporary bridge to definitive treatment of ventricular arrhythmia storm
Authors: Bundgaard Johan S , Jacobsen Peter K , Grand Johannes , Lindholm Matias G , Hassager Christian , Pehrson Steen , Kjaergaard Jesper , Bundgaard Henning
Published: March 2020

Background:

Electrical storm and incessant ventricular tachycardia (VT) are characterized by the clustering of episodes of VT or ventricular fibrillation (VF) and are associated with a poor prognosis. Autonomic nervous system activity influences VT threshold, and deep sedation may be useful for the treatment of VT emergencies.

Methods:

We reviewed data from conscious patients admitted to our intensive care unit (ICU) due to monomorphic VT, polymorphic VT or VF at our tertiary center between 2010 and 2018.

Results:

A total of 46 conscious patients with recurrent ventricular arrhythmia, refractory to initial treatment, were referred to the ICU. The majority (n = 31) were stabilized on usual care. The remaining treatment-refractory 15 patients (57 years (range 9–74), 80% males, seven with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators) with VT/VF storm (n = 11) or incessant VT (n = 4) due to ischemic heart disease (n = 10), cardiomyopathy (n = 2), primary arrhythmia (n = 2) and one patient post valve surgery, were deeply sedated and intubated. A complete resolution of VT/VF within minutes to hours was achieved in 12 patients (80%), partial resolution in two (13%) and one (7%) patient died due to ventricular free-wall rupture. One patient with recurrent VT episodes needing repeated deep sedation developed necrotic caecum. No other major complications were seen. Thirteen (87%) patients were alive after a mean follow-up of 3.7 years.

Conclusion:

Deep sedation was effective and safe for the temporary management of malignant VT/VF refractory to usual treatment. In emergencies, deep sedation may be widely accessible at both secondary and tertiary centers and a clinically useful bridge to definitive treatment of VT.
Evaluation of a digital platform that engages stakeholders in the co-creation of healthcare innovations: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Tončinić Sara , de Wildt-Liesveld Renée , Vrijhoef Hubertus JM
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Engaging public and patients in the decision-making processes is on the agenda of many healthcare systems towards sustainable healthcare delivery. While many engagement initiatives are performed face-to-face, an increasing number is conducted online. An example of the latter is the Dutch digital platform Gezonde Mening that engages patients, healthcare professionals and other stakeholders in the co-creation of healthcare innovations. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of stakeholder engagement performed on Gezonde Mening by focusing on the process of planning, execution and transition of engagement activities.

Methods

A mixed-methods study was performed by conducting eight semi-structured interviews with developers and funders of Gezonde Mening and an assessment of the psychometric properties of two questionnaires administrated via Gezonde Mening to seek stakeholders’ inputs. While the interviews were analysed deductively and inductively, data from the assessment of psychometric properties were analysed in a descriptive quantitative manner. Data were interpreted through triangulation.

Results

Assessment of the planning of stakeholder engagement identified needs for having more stakeholders on the platform to enable subgroup analysis and robust insights. Moreover, questionnaires administered by Gezonde Mening showed low validity and reliability. Assessment of the execution of stakeholder engagement indicated that stakeholders are sufficiently informed about engagement. Assessment of the transition of engagement activities showed needs to provide direct results to stakeholders and allow their evaluation of the platform.

Conclusion

Gezonde Mening digital platform facilitates communication between innovators and stakeholders during engagement activities. However, the study identified room for improvement regarding the planning and transition activities.
Hostile Emotions in News Comments: A Cross-National Analysis of Facebook Discussions
Authors: Humprecht Edda , Hellmueller Lea , Lischka Juliane A.
Published: March 2020

Recent work demonstrates that hostile emotions can contribute to a strong polarization of political discussion on social media. However, little is known regarding the extent to which media organizations and media systems trigger hostile emotions. We content-analyzed comments on Facebook pages from six news organizations ( N = 1,800) based in the United States and Germany. Our results indicate that German news organizations’ Facebook comments are more balanced, containing lower levels of hostile emotions. Such emotions are particularly prevalent in the polarized information environment of the United States—in both news posts and comments. Moreover, alternative right-wing media outlets in both countries provoke significantly higher levels of hostile emotions, thus limiting deliberative discussions. Our results demonstrate that the application of technology—such as the use of comment sections—has different implications depending on cultural and social contexts.
“Should I Stay or Should I Leave?”: Exploring (Dis)continued Facebook Use After the Cambridge Analytica Scandal
Authors: Brown Allison J.
Published: March 2020

Social media platforms bring both benefits and risks which have been documented copiously in extant academic literature. A range of issues related to privacy and trust inhibit the fulsome enjoyment of social media by users. In 2018, several news sources documented that Cambridge Analytica acquired psychographic data for Facebook users and used that data to target ads for the November 2016 US election. Although none of the news reports indicated that Facebook was complicit in this matter, some Facebook users publicly announced they would leave Facebook and encouraged others to do so. Using in-depth interviews with 10 undergraduate and graduate college students aged 18–29 years, this research study explores decisions to stay with or leave Facebook following the Cambridge Analytica case as such decisions intersect with privacy concerns. While all the respondents were concerned about their privacy, many of them believed that participation in social media requires an exchange of personal data for the use of the service. None of the respondents left Facebook permanently because of the Cambridge Analytica incident. But several reported non-use and reduced use prompted by privacy concerns and other social concerns associated with the use of Facebook. Although these research interviews are centered on a very specific event, they are instructive on the various approaches to privacy patterns and trust in social media. Greater transparency, advocacy, and transnational cooperation would be critical interventions to inspire greater trust in social media platforms.
Youth Single-Sport Specialization in Professional Baseball Players
Authors: Buckley Patrick S. , Ciccotti Michael C. , Bishop Meghan , Kane Patrick , Selverian Stephen , Exume Dominique , D'Angelo John , Emper William , Freedman Kevin B. , Hammoud Sommer , Cohen Steven B. , Ciccotti Michael G.
Published: March 2020

Background:

An increasing number of youth baseball athletes are specializing in playing baseball at younger ages.

Purpose:

The purpose of our study was to describe the age and prevalence of single-sport specialization in a cohort of current professional baseball athletes. In addition, we sought to understand the trends surrounding single-sport specialization in professional baseball players raised within and outside the United States (US).

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A survey was distributed to male professional baseball athletes via individual team athletic trainers. Athletes were asked if and at what age they had chosen to specialize in playing baseball at the exclusion of other sports, and data were then collected pertaining to this decision. We analyzed the rate and age of specialization, the reasons for specialization, and the athlete’s perception of injuries related to specialization.

Results:

A total of 1673 professional baseball athletes completed the survey, representing 26 of the 30 Major League Baseball (MLB) organizations. Less than half (44.5%) of professional athletes specialized in playing a single sport during their childhood/adolescence. Those who reported specializing in their youth did so at a mean age of 14.09 ± 2.79 years. MLB players who grew up outside the US specialized at a significantly earlier age than MLB players native to the US (12.30 ± 3.07 vs 14.89 ± 2.24 years, respectively; P < .001). Additionally, MLB players raised in the US recalled a significantly higher incidence of sustaining an injury attributed to specializing in baseball than MLB athletes raised outside the US (27.7% vs 20.6%, respectively; P = .05).

Conclusion:

This study challenges the current trends toward early youth sport specialization, finding that the majority of professional baseball athletes studied did not specialize as youth and that those who did specialize did so at a mean age of 14 years. With the potential cumulative effects of pitching and overhead throwing on an athlete’s arm, the trend identified in this study toward earlier specialization within baseball is concerning.
Everyday invasions: Fuckland, geopolitics, and the (re)production of insecurity in the Falkland Islands
Authors: Benwell Matthew C , Pinkerton Alasdair
Published: March 2020

Academic and popular debates examining the geopolitics of the Falklands Islands/Islas Malvinas have focused overwhelming attention on the 1982 war and its aftermath in ways that foreground (in)security in predominantly militaristic terms. Notwithstanding these tendencies, this paper seeks to think through another example of ‘invasion’ of the Falkland Islands that has been important in provoking and sustaining insecurity among Islanders. The film Fuckland (2000), directed by José Luis Marqués, was shot covertly in the Falklands without the consent of Falkland Islanders who unwittingly star in it. By examining the scales, sites, practices and shifting temporalities of Fuckland, as well as the everyday insecurities it (re)produces, we show how the bodies, homes and community of Falkland Islanders have been territorialised in the Argentine geopolitical imagination, and therefore subject to modes of violence. Fuckland also exposes the enmeshing of practical, popular and everyday geopolitics in productive ways that allow us to address popular geopolitics’ approaches to ‘the cinematic’ (and other media). Rather than treating Fuckland’s production and consumption as distinctive temporal moments, we seek to account for how film can linger and reverberate in often subtle and sinister ways long after fading from mainstream public attention. We position the film as a lively geopolitical object with ongoing emotional and other effects/affects that have the potential to ‘feed back’ into practical/everyday geopolitical and diplomatic relations. Examining these kinds of events can be useful in understanding why the Falkland Islands Government (and the Islanders themselves) continue to be so cautious in their management of contemporary diplomatic relations with Argentina.
OPTIDENS: An optimization model to explore the conditions of possibility of slow but accessible urban areas
Authors: Genre-Grandpierre Cyrille , Melnikava Alena , Gueye Serigne , Michelon Philippe
Published: March 2020

High levels of accessibility for people and jobs are the very essence of urban areas, as they allow the agglomeration economies. In the past, slow modes of transportation meant population and activity densities were the only way to reach high accessibility levels. More recently, the high speed provided by cars has enabled people to choose their home and job locations within larger areas, while keeping high accessibility levels and their daily transport time budget constant. Consequently, this change in the nature of accessibility has led to urban sprawl and automobile dependency, and in turn to environmental and social issues. To tackle these issues, an optimized model called OPTIDENS has been developed in order to explore how we might obtain slow but accessible urban areas. OPTIDENS reallocates population and jobs in order to meet contradictory expectations regarding urban forms and accessibility while minimizing car speed, the latter being a strategic goal in order to overcome automobile dependency. The model was tested in a mixed urban–rural area in France and points out the relative impacts of the different expectations on urban forms and on the required speed.