bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐intensity exergaming for improved cardiorespiratory fitness: A randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Berg Jonathan , Haugen Guri , Wang Alf Inge , Moholdt Trine
Published: May 2021

Exergaming has been proposed as a promising alternative to traditional endurance training since many experience exergaming as more enjoyable. Therefore, the aim of this trial was to determine the exergaming‐induced effect on cardiorespiratory fitness. This parallel‐group randomised controlled trial, investigated the effects of regular exergaming among healthy adults (aged ≥ 18 years) who were not endurance‐trained. Participants allocated to the exergaming group (n = 13) used the Playpulse exergaming platform for a minimum of 45 min twice weekly for eight weeks, whereas the control group (n = 17) received no intervention. The primary outcome measure was the between‐group difference in peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak) after the intervention. V̇O2peak increased significantly from baseline (43.9 [SD 7.0]) to after the intervention (45.3 [SD 8.2] mL kg−1 min−1) in the exergaming group, compared to the control group (42.4 [SD 7.0] to 42.0 [SD 5.7] mL·kg−1·min−1) with a between‐group difference of 2.1 mL kg−1 min−1 (95% CI: 0.2–4.1; p = 0.04). The average score on the Feeling Scale reported during exergaming was 3.4 (95% CI 3.2–3.6), with 3 being “good” and 5 “very good” and was not related to the participants’ exergaming skills. There were no adverse events during this trial. Two weekly sessions using the Playpulse exergaming platform can improve V̇O2peak. This finding suggests that exergaming can be an efficient form of endurance training. Furthermore, our findings indicate that participants’ enjoyed exergaming irrespective of exergaming skills.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04112329.
More than a gut feeling: What is the role of the gastrointestinal tract in female athlete health?
Authors: Pugh Jamie N. , Lydon Katherine M. , O'Donovan Ciara M. , O'Sullivan Orla , Madigan Sharon M.
Published: May 2021

As with much of science, the female athlete is under researched, particularly in the area of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology. Gut function is of pivotal importance to athletes in that it supports digestion and absorption of nutrients, as well as providing a barrier between the external environment and the circulation. While sex‐derived differences in GI structure and function have been well characterised at rest, there remains a paucity of data examining this during exercise. The wider impact of the GI system has begun to be realised and it is now widely acknowledged to play a role in more systemic bodily systems. In the current review, we discuss localised issues including the GI structure, function, and microbiome of male and females. We also discuss GI‐related symptoms experienced by athletes, highlight the differences in incidence between males and females, and discuss contributing factors. We then move beyond the gut to discuss wider biological processes that have been shown to have both sex‐related differences and that are impacted by the GI system. Some of these areas include immune function and risk of illness, sleep, hormones, bone health and the gut–brain–axis. The magnitude of such effects and relationships is currently unknown but there is enough mechanistic data for future studies to consider a more central role that the gastrointestinal tract may play in overall female athlete health.

Highlights

There are both clear similarities and differences in male‐female gastrointestinal structure and function.

Females typically reported a greater prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms at rest, in particular during menstruation, but not during exercise.

The links between female microbiome, oestrogen, and systemic physiological and biological processes are yet to be fully elucidated.

Many of the male‐female differences seen (e.g. in immune function) may be, at least in part, influenced by such GI related differences.
Acute exercise increases BDNF serum levels in patients with Parkinson's disease regardless of depression or fatigue
Authors: Azevedo Lílian Viana dos Santos , Pereira Jéssica Ramos , Silva Santos Renata Maria , Rocha Natalia Pessoa , Teixeira Antônio Lúcio , Christo Paulo Pereira , Santos Victor Rodrigues , Scalzo Paula Luciana
Published: May 2021

Studies have consistently reported a decreased level of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD). The benefits of exercise on BDNF levels are well‐documented in humans, however, the effects of acute exercise are inconclusive in neurological disorders. In addition, there are no studies investigating a precursor molecule – proBDNF – and its comparison to patients with vs. without depression or fatigue. Thirty patients with PD were instructed to walk on a treadmill at light to moderate intensity for 30 min. Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) showed a significant effect of time (pre‐ vs. post‐exercise) when compared individuals with vs. without depression [Wald Chi Square (4.392), p = 0.036)] and with vs. without fatigue [Wald Chi Square (7.123), p = 0.008)] for mature BDNF (mBDNF) level. There was no effect of group, time, and group x time interaction for proBDNF level when compared individuals with vs. without depression or fatigue. The present study showed that a single bout of light to moderate‐intensity exercise increases mBDNF serum levels in patients with PD regardless of depression and fatigue. Our finding is important because it is necessary investigate methods to enhance the gains made by rehabilitation, especially when considering a short period of rehabilitation in different health services. The increase in mBDNF level can lead to an enhancement of neuroplasticity and facilitate the improvement of motor performance. No effect on proBDNF level could be explained, as this precursor molecule is cleaved by intracellular or extracellular enzymes.
A tunable single-frequency green laser based on a wedged Nd:YVO4 crystal and a KTP crystal
Authors: Gao Z H , Zhang W X , Yan B X , Kong X X , Zhao Y S , Wu Z , Guo X L , Feng Q B
Published: May 2021

A 532 nm single-frequency laser generated from a V-type oscillator configuration with a wedged Nd:YVO4 crystal and a KTP crystal is reported. An a-cut, 2.at% Nd:YVO4 crystal with a wedge angle of 10° and a KTP nonlinear crystal composes a novel birefringent filter. By adjusting the incident angle of the fundamental mode in the KTP, the laser can change from single-mode operation to two-mode oscillation. The maximum single-frequency output power of lasers with a 5 mm long KTP and a 7 mm long KTP are 284 and 148 mW, respectively, at pump powers of 2 and 1.1 W. The corresponding optical-to-optical conversion efficiencies are 14.2% and 13.5%. For the laser configuration with a 5 mm long KTP, the single-frequency operation at a pump power of 2 W is maintained within the temperature range of 18 °C to 24 °C, and the measured wavelength drift rate with the temperature is approximately 0.071 nm °C−1.
Modeling of stem taper evolution using stochastic differential equations
Authors: Rupšys Petras
Published: May 2021

Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) were developed at the beginning of the twentieth century to quantify all aspects of stochastic processes. This study focusses to evaluate the applicability and efficiency of the SDEs for modeling tree diameter over bark at any particular height and total stem volume for birch tree species in the boreal forests of Lithuania. Newly developed models of the stem taper development are based on well-defined diffusion processes, such as the symmetric Vasicek type diffusion process, and asymmetric geometric type diffusion process. The stem taper models with the fixed- and mixed-effect parameters are examined. The fixed- and mixed-effect parameters of the SDEs stem are evaluated using maximum likelihood procedure. Results are illustrated using birch trees longitudinal measurements. These models are compared with traditionally used regression type stem taper models using statistical measures and residual analysis. Overall, the best goodness-of-fit statistics for tree diameter and volume predictions produced the SDEs stem taper models. All results are implemented in the Maple software.
Effect of time delay on the generation of oscillation in a single degree-of-freedom mass-spring-damper system by nonlinear velocity feedback
Authors: Kumar Gautam , Malas Anindya
Published: May 2021

The present paper investigates the effect of time delay in a particular type of single degree-of-freedom self-excited oscillator. The self-excited vibration is generated in the system by using linear velocity feedback (to destabilize the static equilibrium of the system) with a nonlinear Rayleigh type feedback (to limit the growth of the instability into a stable limit cycle). The general method of describing function is employed to study the dynamics with the presence of time delay. Also, the analytical results are verified with the simulation result. Without time delay, the control law can generate a stable limit cycle with the proper choice of control parameters. However, the presence of time delay introduces a globally unstable limit cycle in the system with a stable one. Though the amplitude of the stable limit cycle dies down with the increase of time delay and finally vanishes by stabilizing the static equilibrium of the system. The effect of control parameters is also studied.
A Note on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Almost Topological Group
Authors: Basumatary B. , Wary N. , Kumar Neeraj
Published: May 2021

Intuitionistic fuzzy set is very important topic for study as it open door to many applications of Science and Technology. Intuitionistic fuzzy set is developed to express uncertain, imprecise, incomplete and inconsistent information. Intuitionistic fuzzy set is expressed to handle uncertainty by using truth membership function and falsity membership function. In various practical problems intuitionistic fuzzy set shows more rational results. Intuitionistic fuzzy set shows inconsistent information and can deal with real-life problem. By observing these we are forwarded to do our work in almost topological group on the basis of Intuitionistic fuzzy set. Since the concept of almost topological group is very new by observing this, in this paper we introduce the notion of intuitionistic fuzzy almost topological group. We have defined some new concepts and investigated properties of intuitionistic fuzzy almost topological group.
Study of the Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Response of Nano-Films of ZnO to Ammonia Gas Sensor
Authors: Salih Maan Abd-Alameer , Shinen Mohammed Hadi , Kareem Q. S.
Published: May 2021

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared by sol-gel method and deposited on the substrates (glass gliders and platinum electrodes) by a rotation coating at 2000 rpm. The coated substrate was calcined at 500, 550 and 600 ° C 1hour: The films were determined by XRD and UV, where the results showed their compatibility with the global measurements, and through the results of the test of sensitivity to the membranes of the stomach, we obtained that the film is heat at a temperature of 550 high sensitivity, depending on the surface area of the surface. The Zno thin films were exposed to NH3gas with a different concentration of 50 ppm–4000 ppm and the resulting resistance transient was recorded at different operating temperatures (500,550, 600 ) °C.
Structural and dynamic properties of lithium silicate liquid: A view from molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Quynh Truong Duc , Dung Tran Thanh , Dung Mai Van , Yen Nguyen Van , Vinh Le The
Published: May 2021

In this work, we have investigated the liquid lithium silicate by the method of molecular dynamics simulation (MD) using the Born-Mayer pairwise potentials under compression. The simulations have been carried out by systems including various pressure values from 5 to 30 GPa. The microstructure of lithium silicate was clarified through the thorough analysis of short-range order (SRO) and intermediate range order (IRO). The short-range order was investigated through factors such as pair radial distribution functions (PRDFs), coordination distributions, angular distributions. The results show that the structure of the system has a transformation from low-coordination to high-coordination under the influence of compression. Besides, the analysis of intermediate range order shows that the structure network in model consists of SiOx and LiOx units connected to others via an Oxygen atom. In the case for the intermediate range order, the fraction of OTy bond calculated under compression shows that their bonding angle and bond length are very little dependent on the pressure changes. Furthermore, the dynamics of liquid lithium silicates calculated through the diffusion coefficients of the atoms shows that there is a dependence of atomic mobility on pressure. The obtained results of simulations are in good agreement with previous experimental and simulated data.
Experimental Investigation and Theoretical Modelling of P20 Steel by using CNC End Milling Machining Process
Authors: Bhise Vishal Yashwant , Jogi Bhagwan F
Published: May 2021

In current scenario the sustainability principles has to be adopted to tackle the challenges facing in the various industrial sectors. As the machining processes consumes natural resources to a great extent, it has become mandatory for manufacturers to go for sustainable management practices. The sustainability in manufacturing processes can be achieved by integrating all small factors and thus achieving sustainable machining conditions. Machining plays a vital role in the industrial economy and it contributes more than 5% to the country’s economy. The machining processes have gone through significant changes in the last decades. Competition has increased drastically to gain more profit. Machining processes are been widely used and attempts have been made to minimize the machining cost and the energy consumption. The machining parameters like speed, feed, depth of cut and the coolants used play an important role in machining economy. Main focus in this work is to enhance the surface integrity and the tool life by utilizing least resources and to reduce the energy consumption. P20 steel have wide application in the moulds for plastic injection cavities and tooling. Also, it is used in the die casting of dies for zinc. Thus, the surface roughness plays an important role in the machining of the P20 steel. In this paper, the experiments have carried out on P20 steel on CNC milling process by adopting Taguchi Analysis to optimize surface roughness and tool life. Besides, analysis of cutting forces by using fuzzy logic is studied to evaluate the energy consumption.
Object Detection using Deep Learning: A Review
Authors: Anushka  , Arya Chandrakala , Tripathi Amrendra , Singh Prabhishek , Diwakar Manoj , Sharma Kanika , Pandey Happy
Published: May 2021

Accomplished and accurate object detection has been an important topic in the progress of computer vision systems. With the arrival of deep learning techniques, the purity for object detection has increased drastically. The paper aims to inclusive state of the art technique for the object detection with the goal of obtain high accuracy with a real time performance. A major challenge in many of the object detection system is the docility on other computer vision techniques for helping the deep learning-based perspective, which leads to slow and minimal performance. In this paper, I use a completely deep learning-based approach to solve the problems of object detection in an end to end fashion using wireless sensor network. Even if, many techniques have been developed, but I have discussed some famous and basic idea of object detection using deep learning. In the end i have also given their general applications and results.
Strategies to Enhance Solar Energy Utility in Agricultural Area of Rajasthan State, India
Authors: Kumar Sujit , Vyas Shripati , Tirole Ritesh , Vyas Megha , Sharma Sasanka Sekhor , Rao Srawan Singh
Published: May 2021

Energy plays an important role in the monetary and social expansion of any country. However, there used to be a general deficiency of rural energy development policies that focuses on agriculture. Agriculture has a dual role, i.e. it acts as an energy user in crops as well as an energy supplier in solar electricity generation. Rajasthan, the largest state of India, is blessed with the highest solar insolation. However, solar energy has not been fulfilled yet, predominantly in the field of the agricultural sector, where irrigation is still being done by outdated conventional methods. This paper focuses on the development of strategies to enhance solar energy use in the agriculture sector of Rajasthan state India. An intensive survey was being conducted among scientists, academicians, farmers, and government officials regarding the know-how of present policies and schemes for the different applications of solar energy in Rajasthan state India. The survey reveals that not only the farmers and rural persons but the intellectual world is also unaware of the different policies of solar program prevailing in the state. Based on the survey, various strategies have been suggested to accelerate the solar program among the rural and agriculture sectors of Rajasthan state India.
Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer in Electric Vehicles
Authors: Kumar Sujit , Paliwal Himani , Vyas Shripati , Sekhor Sasanka , Dave Vikramaditya , Rao Srawan Singh
Published: May 2021

An Electrical vehicle can utilize a force move framework to charge the on-board Rechargeable Energy Storage System (RESS the battery) or to give the capacity to the electric engine. It is additionally conceivable to utilize remote force move to charge the batteries while fixed, using charging pads. Both of these arrangements are satisfactory for assessing at home or in-vehicle parking, yet at the same time, require the vehicle to stop in a proper area to charge the battery. We propose an eco-friendly wireless charging system for electric vehicles, which enables wireless charging of the vehicle while running on the highways. The proposed approach is also used for the charging of cars in the shopping malls and other parking places. Moreover, the proposed charging system may require electrical energy from the solar PV systems and wind turbines, installed along the highways. The solar PV system and wind turbines are connected to form a Microgrid system and feed generated electrical energy to the wireless charging system. The surplus electrical energy may be either fed back to the primary grid or used for highway illumination. The wireless charging system also consists of an air-core transformer with its primary winding below the highway surface and secondary mounted on the vehicle. The ac power from secondary passes through a rectifier and dc-dc conversion stage to produce suitable dc voltage and current for the charging of the battery unit.
Model based simulation of a CVT variator to analyse the slip characteristics of the CVT belt
Authors: Nishanth A , Nanthakumar P , Lakshmikanthan C
Published: May 2021

With the increase in utilization of Continuously Variable Transmission, more research has been done in areas pertaining to improving the efficiency of the Continuously Variable Transmission. While it provides a continuous gear ratio for the vehicle to work in, the overall efficiency is lesser than in a Manual or Automatic Transmission. The decrease in the efficiency is mainly due to the variator and the hydraulic losses. While hydraulic losses can be reduced by using electro-hydraulic control systems, the variator losses are primarily caused by the high camping forces required for the transfer of the engine torque. Controlling the clamping forces can improve the efficiency of the Continuously Variable Transmission and reduce the slip experienced by the system. Analysis of control strategies to reduce the clamping forces and improve the slip characteristics are the primary objectives of this paper. The study looks into the change in the transmission efficiency with respect to the change in slip percentage experienced by the belt. A mathematical model is designed in SIMULINK based on the equations governing the functioning of a Continuously Variable Transmission. The results of the theoretical belt slip and the belt slip due to change in dynamics is compared and the effects of the change in torque and clamping forces are also discussed. Using this, a control strategy is developed to improve the power transmission efficiency of the model.
Optimal Recharging of EVs for Peak Power Shaving and Valley Filling using EV-Aggregator model in a Micro-grid
Authors: Padhi Chinmaya Kumar , Panda Sweta , Biswal Gyan Ranjan
Published: May 2021

This work presents an optimal recharging strategy for Electric vehicles (EVs) using Quadratic Programming (QP) to flatten the peak power demand on the utility. The increase in penetration of EVs in distribution systems causes a significant increase in peak power demand due to synchronization between the peak load hours and EV charging period. The optimization technique aims to assess the effects of optimal scheduling considering the initial State-of-charge (SOC) level, Demand Side Management (DSM) functionalities that meet both the grid and EV owners’ requirements. The feasibility of the scheme is verified with two case studies using different aggregator units and the effect on the system is analyzed by determining the load demands from local utilities and EVs. The aggregator units collect data from EV users with common interests such as EV battery specification, Battery SOC, recharging period and mediate with utility operators such as Transmission system operator (TSO), Distribution system operator (DSO). Further, other parameters such as peak power reduction, peak-to-average ratio (PAR), standard deviation, and peak-to-valley differences are also compared to test the effectiveness of the implemented optimization technique. The outcomes of the study show that using load demand profile and optimal rescheduling using aggregated EVs can flatten the load curve for the utility and lower the demand charges for the end-users.
Breaking the walls of classroom through Micro learning : Short burst of learning
Authors: Dixit R K , Yalagi P S , Nirgude M A
Published: May 2021

To avoid spread of novel corona virus, in the second week of March, state government advised to close schools & colleges till further announcement. There was no certainty about reopening. This was a decisive time for the education sector to switch from physical classroom teaching to online classroom teaching. The primary objective of our institute was continuous learning and facilitates teaching-learning process through online teaching. It is an observation that few courses are found to be difficult for students even in physical classrooms and teacher need to employ different active learning strategies to make class active & engaged. Thus same issue was found in online teaching. Therefore we employed micro learning strategy for the course Theory of computation at S.Y. B.Tech.(Computer Science & Engineering). “Micro learning is a holistic approach for skill based learning and education which deals with relatively small learning units.[1]” In this approach, micro level activities were designed, each activity containing a series of short videos, quiz & assignments. Thus we have designed 25 micro level activities for 2 units covering 25% curriculum. Flipped classroom is used as instructional strategy while implementing micro learning. These activities helped to engage students and keep active even in online environment. Tests conducted at the end of topic and perception survey showed that students enjoyed while learning.
Performance evaluation of tracking NavIC L5 signals under scintillation conditions
Authors: Manjula T R , Raju G
Published: May 2021

Ionosphere scintillation causes rapid and abrupt fluctuations in the intensity and phase of the signal due to the ionosphere irregularities. It is proved to be detrimental to the effective functioning of navigation systems. The reliability and integrity of GNSS system is dependent on the performance of signal tracking loops of the GNSS receivers which are adversely affected during scintillation. The study presents the analysis of the impact of scintillation on the receiver performance particularly carrier tracking loops which may provide cues of handling scintillation signals and overcome its drastic influence on the receiver functioning. The performance of the carrier tracking loop under scintillation is analysed and evaluated in terms of signal locking ability, correlator power, carrier to noise ratio and tracking error. The methodology involves generating simulated scintillation signals based on statistical model and modulating the real NavIC L5 signals with simulated scintillations to generate scintillated signal to test the performance of the software implemented carrier tracking loop. The study concludes with possible strategies such as adaptable loop bandwidth and extending integration time to subdue scintillation effects on receiver performance.
Design of C band antenna downlink system for monitoring Sentinel 1A signals on ground surface
Authors: Manjula T R , Asha K S
Published: May 2021

The C band microwave signals are widely used for Earth observation in the field of remote sensing by using synthetic aperture radar sensor. The coverage of Indian regions by Sentinel 1A SAR sensor in interoferometric wide swath mode, provide an opportunity to research and conduct studies in remote sensing areas from urban planning to disaster management applications. The sensor acquired images undergo calibration test to confirm the quality requirements. The foremost significant step to ensure the availability of the signal of Sentinel 1A on the ground surface is by designing a antenna system which tracks and monitor the signal strength. In this context, the following stages are significant in signal monitoring system: satellite downlink budget calculation to ensure minimum signal strength, designing and configuring antenna system to receive the signals and measurement system such as spectrum analyser to monitor the signal strength. The paper presents the mathematical analysis of designing a down link for receiving Sentinel-1A SAR signals. An antenna subsystem is implemented which includes the design of the parabola antenna with horn feed and the simulation of the same using Matlab platform to confirm antenna parameters such as gain, directivity, VSWR and beam-width which meets the practical requirements
Vibration Characteristics of Graphene nano resonator as mass sensor
Authors: Desai S H , Pandya A A , Panchal M B
Published: May 2021

The decrease in the physical dimensions of the devices have sought the attention of research community due to quick response, high sensitivity and sturdiness of the devices. These devices in the form of nano resonators have been extensively used as sensors to detect the entity at submicron level as well as to identify the properties of matter at submicron level. With the process like chemical vapour deposition, lithography technique as well as mechanical exfoliation techniques, it has become possible to produce materials which are 2D in nature. The excellent mechanical and electrical properties of graphene as well as its complete plain geometry advocate it as an ideal material for the development of sensors used for identifying the object at nano level. Here an attempt is made to analyse the vibration characterization of graphene resonator in the form of membrane to understand the shift in the frequency by adsorbing the mass and change in the temperature. The tobacco mosaic virus is considered as a mass adsorbed onto the graphene nano ribbon based membrane. Along with the adsorption of the mass, the effect of variation in temperature is also introduced to observe the shift in the natural frequency of the graphene membrane based resonator.
Predictors of Whole-Body Vibration Exposure among Indian Bus and Truck Drivers
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Sharma Rohit , Kumar Vikas , Khan Abid Ali
Published: May 2021

Heavy vehicle drivers in the Indian road transport industry are generally exposed to whole-body vibration (WBV) and shock loading resulting in musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in their different body parts. Not much work has been done in identifying the contribution of driver’s personal and vehicle/road-related factors in the enhancement of vibration and shock exposure. This study has been conducted on 10 bus and 10 truck drivers from Northern India to investigate the role of these factors. Based on previous studies, the factors or predictor variables included were driver’s age, body mass index (BMI), driving experience, age of vehicle, mileage, age of tyres, and seat pad thickness. 8-hours vector sum acceleration, i.e., (A(8)s) and vibration dose value, i.e., ( VDV(8)s) of 25% of the drivers were found to be more than upper limit values of ISO 2631-1. The WBV exposure magnitudes of acceleration and vibration dose value were much higher along the vertical z-axis than along the longitudinal x-axis and lateral y-axis. The results of univariate linear regression analysis found both vibrations and shocks to be related to the driver’s age, body mass index (BMI), driving experience, vehicle speed, and road roughness. Similar types of results were observed from multiple regression analyses with the only exception that no association was found between BMI and WBV exposure in this case. The results of the study may help the authorities in minimising the risks associated with the driver’s profession.
Design and Operation of Fuzzy Logic Based MPPT Controller under Uncertain Condition
Authors: Narwat Lalit Kumar , Dhillon Javed
Published: May 2021

Maximum power point tracking System (MPPT) is so important in PV systems to increase the efficiency of solar cells. So many methods are proposed to generate the maximum voltage from PV modules under different weather conditions. This paper proposed an intelligent method for maximum power point tracking using the P & O algorithm. The model contains a PV module connected to DC to DC boost converter. The PV System is tested under disturbance in the solar irradiation and temperature level. The simulation results show the maximum power tracker could track the maximum power accurately and successfully in all conditions tested. Comparison of various working parameters such as: tracking efficiency and response time of the system shows that the proposed method gives higher efficiency and better performance than the conventional perturbation and observation method. The voltage, current, and power of the Module can be measured through the P&O Method. The Fuzzy logic based Mppt controller is proposed in this method to increase the voltage Pv module. The proposed method used the fuzzy logic-based controlled (FLC) to initiate the control command to the output buck-boost converter as there is a change in the voltage and current across the PV panel. The modeling of the FLC-based MPPT controller is done for the PV module with the help of MATLAB/SIMULINK.
PyPSA: Open Source Python Tool for Load Flow Study
Authors: Sharma Rishav , Dhillon Javed
Published: May 2021

PyPSA is a Python-based open-source tool used for load flow analysis in the power system. PyPSA (Python for load flow analysis) is a leading tool, which is convenient for simulation and optimization of the power system network. It is a free software which regulates parametric valuation along with multi-temporal analysis in the power system. The Modern power system is the integration of various devices like Generators, Transformers, Bus bar, lines Protecting devices and load connected through it. Load flow analysis is used to determine the different types of parameters in the power system i.e. Voltage Magnitude, Phase angle, Power injected, power output and losses through the power system etc. Various kind of devices is utilised in modern power system analysis. Conventionally many techniques are adopted for power System analysis i.e. Mathematical modelling of the system and then calculation. These techniques consume very much time for the calculation. But, due to the advantage of Science and Technology, different types of new methods are developed. PyPSA is one of them. These methods are accurate, fast and reliable for power system analysis. In this study, PyPSA tool is used to analyse the IEEE 12 bus system for determining the voltage magnitude across each bus.
Exergy and energy analysis of 4-stroke single cylinder CI engine using Pongamia-ethanol-butanol fuel blends
Authors: Verma Shubha , Vashishth Swati , Chauhan Sanya , Richa  , Chauhan Nathi Ram , Saraswat Manish
Published: May 2021

Depleting sources of fossil fuels and environmental issues like air pollution and harmful toxic emissions from the combustion of these fossil fuels have made the search for their potential substitutes essential. Biodiesel is found to be one such widely accepted viable option as seen from literature. In this work, Pongamia oil biodiesel, Bioethanol and Biobutanol have been selected for blending with diesel. The analysis of exergy and energy of varying proportions of Pongamia-Ethanol-Butanol blends and diesel as fuels for a 4-stroke, single-cylinder CI engine has been carried out. Further, based on the formed equations, a computer program has been written to obtain the final output characteristics. Four blends namely, D100 (neat diesel), P50E50 (50:50 Pongamia-Ethanol blend), P45E45Bu10 (45:45:10 Pongamia–Ethanol-Butanol blend), P40E40Bu20 (40:40:20 Pongamia-Ethanol-Butanol blend) have been considered for the analysis. P50E50 blend shows a significant decrease in heat loss due to exhaust gases, net energy loss, destructive availability, and increase in energy efficiency, exhaust availability, and available efficiency output characteristics as compared to neat diesel. Hence, it is concluded to be the best potential replacement for diesel fuel from all the considered blends.
Prevalent Exact String-Matching Algorithms in Natural Language Processing: A Review
Authors: Pandey R K , Taruna S
Published: May 2021

String matching and searching problems are one of the classical hitches to the domain of computer engineering. There exist numerous variants of such algorithms, which can be categorized into dual classes; i.e. an approximate match and exact match algorithms. This paper engrossed on comparing prevalent algorithms of exact matching category in terms of their functionality and complexity along with critical opinions for a better understanding of the differences among them. The application of string matching is used in various fields like for intrusion detection in the networks, DNA matching in the field of bioinformatics, plagiarism checking for fraud detection, in the field of information security, pattern recognition, text mining, web searching, recommendation system, the document comprising, authentication system and web scraping. The uses are not only restricted to the fields termed above but also the notion has copious advantages for ongoing and forthcoming research work.
A Comparative Analysis of Various Local Feature Descriptors in Content-Based Image Retrieval System
Authors: Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Kant Rama , Gupta Anish
Published: May 2021

Image acquisitions are increasing day by day due to progress in social networking and digital technologies. Nowadays, with the evolution of various image capturing devices, an enormous quantity of complex images is being produced.content-primarily based image Retrieval (CBIR) is the answer to access images without difficulty wherein proper indexing and association are required. It makes CBIR a distinguished field in computer vision research. There are several uses of CBIR systems in day to day life for example medical, internet, scientific research and various other communication media. In the CBIR system, the user gives a query to obtain images from large datasets having a large number of images. In information transfer via electronic media using particular formats of data, images play an essential role. The extraction of information from communicated images is necessary with extra processing. In this paper, a comparative survey has been carried out on different content-based image retrieval implementation. These methods are determined by several authors for the feature extraction process of images and classification. This will help to plan the strategy for optimizing the CBIR system.
Speech Recognition with Deep Learning
Authors: Khurana Lokesh , Chauhan Arun , Naved Mohd , Singh Prabhishek
Published: May 2021

The human voices are very flexible and contains a mess of sentiments or emotions. Feeling or emotions in speech incorporates extra vision about human activities. Recognition of various emotions from the human speech signal is very stretching ingredient in human computer interaction. Through in addition analysis, we can higher recognize the rationale of human beings or people, whether they are not happy with the service clients, happy customers, encouraging folks or inspiring fans. Deep Learning strategies have been as of lately proposed as an option in contrast to conventional techniques in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER). The Emotion of a speaker can be easily govern by the humans because it the human nature to understand the complexion of a person by just guessing the flow of speech, but the domain of emotion or sentiment recognition in the course of machine learning is an open circle of research. In this intended project, we perform speech information evaluation on speaker discriminated speech signals to hitupon the warmth of the person speakers involved inside the verbal exchange. we’re analyzing exceptional techniques to perform speaker discrimination and speech evaluation to locate efficient algorithms to carry out this task.
Image Captioning using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Singh Yajush Pratap , Ezaz Ahmed Sayed Abu Lais , Singh Prabhishek , Kumar Neeraj , Diwakar Manoj
Published: May 2021

In modern science there is a rapid development of artificial intelligence, image processing has gradually fascinated and inspired the attention of many researchers in the field of artificial intelligence and has become an interesting and demanding task. The main idea of Image caption is to automatically generate natural language descriptions according to the information observed in an image, this is an important portion of scene understanding, which combines all the knowledge and information available of computer vision and natural language processing. The use of image caption is broad and noteworthy, for example, the understanding of human-computer collaboration. This paper reviews the related methods and focuses on the attention mechanism, which plays a vital role in computer vision and is broadly used in image caption generation tasks. Furthermore, the advantages and the shortcomings of these methods are discussed, providing the commonly used datasets and evaluation criteria in this field. Finally, this paper proposes some open challenges in the image caption task.
Modification of the interaction of an electron with its own radiation field in photonic crystals with high-refractive layers
Authors: Garifullin A I , Khamadeev M A , Sarafannikova A V , Salakhov M Kh
Published: May 2021

The self-energy interaction of atoms placed in air voids of one-dimensional photonic crystals with high-refractive layers is considered. Modification of the interaction of an electron with its own radiation field in the photonic crystal medium gives rise to a correction to its mass and kinetic energy. We demonstrate the photonic density of states of the periodic structure and the dependence of the mass correction of the valence electron of hydrogen atom and the alkali metals on the refractive index of the one-dimensional photonic crystal based on alternating amorphous hydrogenated layers of silicon nitride a-SiN
x
: H and vacuum, and layers of the high refractive index metamaterial consisting of Au nanoparticles with a dielectric matrix based on HfO2 and vacuum. The tunability of these materials gives rise to the tunability of the mass correction over a wide range. It is shown that the effect under study leads to significant shifts in the energy levels of atoms which is important for controlling physical and chemical processes, creating new linear light sources, and He-Ne-like lasers.
Pulse interactions in weakly nonlinear coherent optical communication links
Authors: Gibney J , Kuk I A , Gabitov I R
Published: May 2021

The intrachannel interaction of pulses in weakly nonlinear coherent optical fiber lines is theoretically investigated. It is shown that the main contribution to the perturbation of the optical field comes from resonant interactions of ordered triplets of pulses. The structure of triplets is determined. The weight contributions of such interactions are calculated. A classification of interactions using Löschian numbers is proposed. Using computer simulation, the dependence of the average energy of the optical field perturbations on the distance is shown. Based on the performed analysis, an effective algorithm is proposed for assessing the perturbations resulting from intrachannel interaction.
Nonlinear properties of upconversion YVO4:Yb3+, Er3+ nanoparticles
Authors: Nikiforov V G
Published: May 2021

Nonlinear character of upconversion processes can be revealed via a measurement of power dependent steady-state emission intensity depicted in the ln-ln plot, where a slope indicates the degree of nonlinearity. As a rule observed values of the slope for YVO4 : Yb, Er nanoparticles are less than 2 that interprets as a saturation effect due to high pump laser intensity. Here we based on a numerical analysis show that a life time of the Er3+ ion metastable state 4I11/2 is also responsible for deviation of the slope from 2 even in the case when Yb3+-Er3+ upconversion system is far away from saturation mode.
Dielectric function of six elemental metals
Authors: Pogodaeva Maria K , Levchenko Sergey V , Drachev Vladimir P , Gabitov Ildar R
Published: May 2021

We present an accurate first-principles study of the electronic structure and absorption spectrum of six elemental metals (aluminium, gold, silver, copper, palladium, platinum) using density functional theory in an all-electron full-potential framework. We calculate dielectric function spectra and plasma frequency, and compare with experimental data obtained from photo-emission, absorption, and electron energy loss spectra.
Two-Color Localized Optical Vortices in a Nonlinear Waveguide with Zero Dispersion of the Group Velocity at the Second Harmonics
Authors: Sazonov S V
Published: May 2021

Using the method of averaged Lagrangian and diffraction approximation, an approximate analytical solution is obtained and analyzed, which describes the propagation of two-color vortex light bullets in a quadratic-nonlinear graded-index waveguide.
Can reaction with amino acid turn Dimefox or Fluoroacetamide to nontoxic derivative: in Silico Study
Authors: Hammud Kafa Khalaf
Published: May 2021

To answer the title question, two ways can be applied. The first way is the experimental methods through using multistep, various techniques, different chemicals, characterization instruments, time, cost, and environmental considerations, and in vitro–in vivo testing. The second way is in Silico calculation. In this path of working, all steps, instruments, testing, chemicals …etc. will be canceled and only evaluate the numerical results to qualify any chemical to be a drug. The above points encourage me to take a hypothetical reaction between two insecticides (Dimefox (D) and Fluoroacetamide (F)) and several amino acids (aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, phenylalanine, valine, isoleucine, proline, and methionine). The resulted P-N or C-N derivatives were subjected to ADMET and Druglikeness predications. They showed various important notes like increasing water solubility, mutagen character of Ames test to all 20 compounds, non–inhibition predication to P-glycoprotein, non–inhibition character of CYP-2C19 and CYP-2C9 except F. Many of 20 compounds showed negative response to Mouse or Rat Carcinogenic test, TA100-10RLI, TA100-NA, TA1535-10RLI, and TA1535-NA beside low risk to hREG inhibition. The other calculated characters were varied with influence of polarity, surface area, hydrogen bonding, and molecular structure. So, if these 18 compounds, if they formed in any biological system or in lab, have a toxic character.
Antibacterial activity of synthesized CdS and Au/CdS nanoparticles on P. mirabilis bacteria
Authors: Wali Hawraa F. , Al-Kaim Ayad F. , Al-Marzoqi Ali H.
Published: May 2021

Biological application of nanoparticles is very much interesting and increasingly recognized for their utility especially in bio-nanomedicine. The present investigation was chamical synthesis of cadmium nanoparticles by using hydrothermal method at different pHs (2, 5, 7, 9, and 11) then calcinated at 500 oC for 1 hr, after that these samples prepared doping by gold nanoparticles by using a photo-deposition method. And toxic effect on prokaryotic pathogens. XRD and FESEM analysis of the CdS NPs and Au/CdS indicated that they are in varying size from 20 to 100 nm size. Antibacterial activity of CdS and Au/CdS nanoparticles against clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis. Au/CdS NPs showed higher inhibitory effect than CdS NPs on Proteus mirabilis bacteria, so that effective Au/CdS NPs on genome P.mirabilis after treatment it.
Synthesize of nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots by the hydrothermal method and its application for detection of iodide anion using paper based smart phone detection system.
Authors: Alasadi Rawaa , Heidari Tahereh , Aboobakri Elias
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this research is to design a Whatman paper based sensor for quantitative measurement of iodide anion by its quenching effect on the fluorescence intensity of the nitrogen doped carbon quantum dots (N-doped CQDs) using a smart phone as a detection system. In this project, N-doped CQDs were synthesized by a hydrothermal method using citric acid as a source of carbon and hexamethylenediamine as a source of nitrogen. In order to characterize of the synthesized N-doped CQDs, Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FT-IR), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used. After designing of the paper based sensor, an aliquot of the mixture of the N-doped CQDs:Glue (glue roles as the stabilizing agent) was injected on the hydrophilic zone of the paper and then by injection of different concentrations of iodide anion, the reduction of the fluorescence intensity was measured using the smart phone camera. By optimizing the critical parameters affecting the quenching efficiency of the N-doped CQDs including the size of the hydrophilic zone, the volume ratio of the N-doped CQDs:Glue, type of the Whtaman filter paper and the pH of sample solution, the proposed method was used for determination of iodide ion. The results show that two calibration curves in the ranges of 1-10 and 15-200 mmol L-1 iodide were obtained for determination of iodide anion. Also, the detection limit (LOD) of 3 mmol L-1 and the relative standard deviation (RSD) in the range of 2.6-2.9 % were obtained for the iodide anion in the range of 50-150 mmol L-1. The main advantages of the propsed method are rapidity, inexpensively, simplicity, availability and no need of expert for operation.
Effects of heavy metals on physiological status for Schoenoplectus litoralis & Salvinia natans L
Authors: AL-Janabi Qassim A. A. , Al-Kalidy Saad Kadhim A. , Hameed Zaid B.
Published: May 2021

This study investigated the removal of three concentrations of heavy metal salts, namely nickel chloride, manganese chloride, cobalt chloride and zinc chloride in the Phytoremediation of two aquatic plants (Schoenoplectus litoralis and Salvinia natans), and the determination of the level of total chlorophyll and protein by the exposure to two water plants (Schoenoplectus litoralis and Salvinia naturalans). Two samples of each plant were taken every ten days to determine the heavy metal, protein and chlorofyll after 30 days. The experiment was completed. At the end of the experiment, the results of the study showed different concentration levels of heavy metals in tissue in the plant and showed decreasing total chlorophyll and protein concentrations for the aquatic plant.