bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fiscal policies and the prices of labor: a comparison of the U.K. and U.S.
Authors: Mulligan Casey B.
Published: December 2015

This paper measures the 2007–13 evolution of employment tax rates in the U.K. and the U.S. The U.S. changes are greater, in the direction of taxing a greater fraction of the value created by employment, and primarily achieved with new implicit tax rates. Even though both countries implemented a temporary “fiscal stimulus,” their tax rate dynamics were different: the U.S. stimulus increased rates, whereas the U.K. stimulus reduced them. The U.K. later increased the tax on employment during its “austerity” period. Tax rate measurements are a first ingredient for cross-country comparisons of labor markets during and after the financial crisis.
Rereading Aimé Césaire: Negritude as Creolization
Authors: Diagne Souleymane Bachir
Published: December 2015

We need to reassess our reading of Negritude literature. Justice is not done to the literary, philosophical, and political movement founded by Aimé Césaire, Léon-Gontran Damas, and Léopold Sédar Senghor when it is simply considered an essentialist reversal of colonial essentialism. When Senghor declares that Negritude is not an essence but an existence, he is precisely calling attention to the fact that its literature was produced during more than fifty years, with contradictions, rectifications, palinodes. This contribution is an invitation to reread Negritude in general, and Césaire's works in particular, as a movement and not an essence. It is a reflection on Césaire's latest work, Nègre je suis, nègre je resterai (Negro I Am, Negro I Shall Remain), which is a response to those who considered Negritude something of the past to be superseded by the movement of creolization. What that response says is that Negritude is creolization.
Rethinking Aimé Césaire: Presentation
Authors: Prieto Eric
Published: December 2015

This essay introduces the central themes of “Rethinking Césaire,” a special section of Small Axe, which gravitate in metacritical fashion around the various efforts to refashion Aimé Césaire's legacy in and around 2013, the centenary of his birth. Included are essays devoted to Césaire's poetic legacy, his theory of Negritude, his relationship to Marxism, and his intellectual partnership with his wife, Suzanne Césaire. What emerges is a sense of Césaire's legacy as a living legacy, firmly rooted in a specific historical context but revealing different facets of its structure to successive generations as they seek to understand it in relation to their own preoccupations and challenges.
Althusser’s Dramaturgy and the Critique of Ideology
Authors: Balibar Étienne
Published: December 2015

An important part of the new interest for the work of Louis Althusser (1918–1990) has focused on his interpretation of “materialist theater,” as proposed in a famous essay from 1962. This is, in fact, hardly separable from discussing again the “pragmatic” reading of his theory of subjection and subjectivation in terms of interpellation and counterinterpellation offered by Judith Butler as early as 1997. In this essay, “performative” dimensions of Althusser’s critique of ideology are presented as a singular moment of crystallization within an open trajectory, leading from the discussion of theater as politics to the conceptualization of politics as theater. In the middle lies an enigmatic possibility of actively dislodging the voice of power from its concealed place of enunciation.
Adsorption of Model Naphthenic Acids in Water with Granular Activated Carbon
Authors: Martinez-Iglesias Alfredo , Niasar Hojatallah Seyedy , Xu Chunbao (Charles) , Ray Madhumita B.
Published: December 2015

This work evaluated the adsorption performance of a commercial granular activated carbon (GAC) for three naphthenic acids (NAs) model compounds. In single-compound adsorption, the saturation capacity ( qm) at pH 4 was 452.6 mg/g (1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid) > 357.9 mg/g (2-naphthoic acid) > 317.7 mg/g (diphenylacetic acid). Of all model NAs, adsorption of 1,4-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid was the most negatively affected in multi-component adsorption at pH 4. The qm decreased significantly with increasing pH due to its effect on both carbon surface charge and dissociation of the NAs. An important finding was that the total amount of NAs adsorbed in multi-component adsorption at pH 4 (326 mg/g) was almost the same as that adsorbed at pH 8 (324 mg/g), indicating the potential of activated carbon adsorption for removal of mixture of NAs from the real oil sand process water, which is basic (pH∼8) in nature.
A New Method to Calculate the Absolute Amount of Supercritical Methane Adsorption on Organic-Rich Shale
Authors: Luo Litao , Zuo Luo , Wei Yunyun
Published: December 2015

We developed a new method to determine the absolute amount of adsorption. This method relies on the excess adsorption isotherm and density profile in the pore of one material. The simplified local density (SLD) model was introduced to compute the density profile and simplify the complex calculation of obtaining the absolute amount of adsorption. The SLD can accurately simulate the adsorption of supercritical methane on shale. The corresponding application of our method on the adsorption of methane on shale and AX-21 activated carbon was introduced. The absolute isotherms of adsorption calculated with our method were reasonable when compared to results using other methods.
Sport Hall Acoustics
Authors: Iannace Gino
Published: December 2015

A reciprocating compressor is commonly used in industry. However, because it is extremely noisy and harmful to the ears, a noise control mechanism is necessary. Eight kinds of noise control strategies used with the reciprocating compressor are explored, and COMSOL, a numerical analysis software, is adopted for acoustical analysis in the paper.

The primary purpose of this research is to assess the influence of seven noise control strategies for the suction/discharge muffler of a reciprocating compressor.

Results have shown that the noise control strategies can efficiently improve the acoustical performance of the suction/discharge mufflers.

Sports halls are often used for musical shows, but they are primarily built for sporting events and the reverberation time values are often very high. In this paper acoustic measurements are reported inside a sport hall, the reverberation time measured is over 5.0 s at the middle frequencies, so it is unsuitable for musical shows. The acoustic correction is analysed with a software for the architectural acoustics; absorbent material under trusses and on the walls were considered, in this configuration the reverberation time calculated is about 2.6 s; the presence of audience is also analysed.
A Remote Sensing Approach for Exploring Ancient Traffic
Authors: Kalayci Tuna
Published: December 2015

Ancient landscapes of movement are challenging to conceptualize. Moving agents did not leave much material evidence behind other than their continuous use of pathways and roadways–unless the road was intentionally built. Under special morphological conditions, this repetitive practice carved the landscape in such a way that the proof of past movements survived until today. In one of these cases, the Early Bronze Age road network in Upper Mesopotamia provides ample evidence for a reconstruction of landscapes of movement. In realization of this opportunity, this study aims to explore ancient traffic through satellite remote sensing. Particularly, the study pushes the agenda for not only mapping the road network, but also understanding the volume of traffic. To accomplish this, the methodology relies on Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data for the investigation of the relationship between soil compaction and vegetation health. It is hypothesized that variations in the ancient traffic differentially changed soil physical characteristics so that past variation is still detectable in modern environmental data, albeit only through the study of proxy variables. Comparison of NDVI values over the Early Bronze Age roads suggests differential use. Results of the study also open a new research avenue for studying the morphology of ancient roads with the same proxy data.
Finding Buried Remains Using Thermal Images
Authors: Barazzetti Luigi , Brumana Raffaella , Oreni Daniela , Cuca Branka , Previtali Mattia , Roncoroni Fabio
Published: December 2015

This paper presents the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platform for the inspection and documentation of historical buried structures, starting from the landscape scale up to the local and detailed scale. The combined use of RGB and thermal images acquired from this kind of platforms, along with algorithms and procedures for data registration, can be a quick and powerful contact-less methodology to discover hidden structures. In this case study, the identification of buried remains needed the implementation of new algorithms able to register thermal images with the geometrical survey from RGB data. The georeferenced images (thermal orthophotos) were then used to inspect the ground and discover buried features.
Exploring the Ancient Kourion City site from the Air Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Themistocleous K. , Lysandrou V. , Cuca B. , Agapiou A. , Hadjimitsis D.G.
Published: December 2015

The use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is a cost-effective technique that can be used to survey large archaeological areas and landscapes compared to traditional methods. Since UAVs are capable of surveying archaeological areas from above, datasets derived on this platform can be used to generate accurate orthophotos, digital surface models (DSMs) and a variety of datasets that can be used to document and identify archaeological areas. This paper provides a detailed methodology for the application of UAVs using a commercial high resolution camera and details postprocessing techniques applied to generate an accurate ortho-photo and DTM to be used to survey the archaeological site and its landscape. A total of 331 images generated from a UAV survey of a portion of the site of Kourion in Cyprus are used to illustrate methods of site documentation and archaeological survey for large archaeological and cultural heritage sites.
Improved Primal Simplex: A More General Theoretical Framework and an Extended Experimental Analysis
Authors: Omer Jérémy , Rosat Samuel , Raymond Vincent , Soumis François
Published: December 2015

In this article, we propose a general framework for an algorithm derived from the primal simplex that guarantees a strict improvement in the objective after each iteration. Our approach relies on the identification of compatible variables that ensure a nondegenerate iteration if pivoted into the basis. The problem of finding a strict improvement in the objective function is proved to be equivalent to two smaller problems, respectively, focusing on compatible and incompatible variables. We then show that the improved primal simplex (IPS) is a particular implementation of this generic theoretical framework. The resulting new description of IPS naturally emphasizes what should be considered as necessary adaptations of the framework versus specific implementation choices. This provides original insight into IPS that allows for the identification of weaknesses and potential alternative choices that would extend the efficiency of the method to a wider set of problems. We perform experimental tests on an extended collection of data sets including instances of Mittelmann’s benchmark for linear programming. The results confirm the excellent potential of IPS and highlight some of its limits while showing a path toward an improved implementation of the generic algorithm.
Optimization of Radiation Therapy Fractionation Schedules in the Presence of Tumor Repopulation
Authors: Bortfeld Thomas , Ramakrishnan Jagdish , Tsitsiklis John N. , Unkelbach Jan
Published: December 2015

We analyze the effect of tumor repopulation on optimal dose delivery in radiation therapy. We are primarily motivated by accelerated tumor repopulation toward the end of radiation treatment, which is believed to play a role in treatment failure for some tumor sites. A dynamic programming framework is developed to determine an optimal fractionation scheme based on a model of cell kill from radiation and tumor growth in between treatment days. We find that faster tumor growth suggests shorter overall treatment duration. In addition, the presence of accelerated repopulation suggests larger dose fractions later in the treatment to compensate for the increased tumor proliferation. We prove that the optimal dose fractions are increasing over time. Numerical simulations indicate a potential for improvement in treatment effectiveness.
Practical aspects of anaesthetic monitoring, part 2: respiratory system and temperature monitoring
Authors: Self Ian
Published: December 2015

In practice, anaesthetic monitoring is normally carried out by trained veterinary nurses, although veterinary surgeons are ultimately responsible for the safety of their patients and should be fully aware of the monitoring methods available. This two-part review article considers the evidence for monitoring anaesthetised small animals in a clinical setting and highlights the current veterinary recommendations, comparing them to the human anaesthesia standards of care. The monitoring modalities are considered in light of the physiological parameters they are intended to measure, highlighting the relevance to anaesthesia and their usefulness in clinical practice. Practical examples are given throughout, emphasising how monitors can warn of physiological and equipment deterioration. Part one outlined the available approaches to basic and advanced central nervous system and cardiovascular system monitoring, emphasising the practical aspects, as well as introducing more advanced concepts. Part two considers respiratory system and temperature monitoring.
Potential for telemedicine
Authors: Oxley James , Saunders Richard
Published: December 2015

As technology improves, changes emerge in the veterinary industry reflecting advances in human medicine. This article briefly discusses the benefits and practical implications of telemedicine, its potential veterinary applications, further research needed and educational interventions that may be useful.
Prevention of contrast-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Malik Abid
Published: December 2015

The number of interventional and diagnostic contrast procedures has increased year on year and contrast-induced acute kidney injury has become a leading cause of inpatient mortality and morbidity. This article summarizes how to identify the high-risk patient and gives a systematic approach to prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury.
A clinician's guide to viscoelastic testing in the perioperative period
Authors: Raman Vishal Venkat , Kasivisvanathan Ramanathan , Madhivathanan Pradeep R
Published: December 2015

Viscoelastic tests provide a global and dynamic assessment of the coagulation system and thus are becoming increasingly relied upon in the perioperative period. Many clinicians are unfamiliar with viscoelastic testing, so this article provides an overview of their use and interpretation in the management of perioperative bleeding.
How to diagnose fibromyalgia
Authors: Suresh Ernest
Published: December 2015

This review discusses the basic pathophysiological mechanisms that are necessary to understand the principles of diagnosis and management of fibromyalgia, and outlines a practical diagnostic approach to patients presenting with chronic widespread pain.
Columnar lined Barrett's oesophagus
Authors: Sharma Neel , Ho Khek Yu
Published: December 2015

Over the past few years, the definition of Barrett's oesophagus has altered with no real agreement on histological understanding. This article highlights the increasing confusion regarding Barrett's oesophagus with a focus on the all-too-frequently ignored aspect of the columnar lined oesophagus.
Improving the accuracy of HES comorbidity codes by better documentation in surgical admission proforma
Authors: Navid Ahmad , Hajibandeh Shahin , Mohan Jayarama , Hajibandeh Shahab
Published: December 2015

Background:

Poor documentation in medical notes can affect the quality of the source document for coding which can lead to inaccurate coding. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data for comorbidities and to establish whether better documentation in admission clerking proforma can improve the accuracy of codes for comorbidities in general surgical patients.

Methods:

A clinical audit was conducted to assess the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of HES codes for comorbidities in general surgical patients before and after implementing better documentation in admission clerking proforma. The following comorbidities were included: hypertension, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease and hypercholesterolaemia. Medical notes were used as reference standard and a target standard of 98% was determined for the above measures.

Results:

Overall, on the initial audit, HES codes had substandard accuracy (90.5%, kappa = 0.599), sensitivity (47.71%, 95% confidence interval 38.05–57.49%) and negative predictive value (89.60%, 95% confidence interval 86.73–92.03%). HES codes for comorbidities were 100% specific with positive predictive value of 100%. Implementing better documentation in the admission clerking proforma improved the accuracy (99.67%, kappa = 0.985), sensitivity (97.4%, 95% confidence interval 90.93–99.68%) and negative predictive value (99.62%, 95% confidence interval 98.63–99.95%) significantly from the baseline (P<0.0001).

Conclusions:

Although HES codes can confidently predict the actual presence of the comorbidities, they have substandard accuracy and ability to rule out the presence of the comorbidities. Better documentation in clerking proforma can improve the accuracy and ‘ruling out’ ability of the HES codes. This can be achieved by improving knowledge and accountability of clinicians about documenting comorbidities.
How to tell a story with photographs
Authors: Hart Karen
Published: December 2015

Put some fresh ideas in the frame with these imaginative photography projects to explore texture and colour, and learn about great artists, architects and designers.
What does it mean to say a device is digital?
Authors: Rachel  , Bosley Mark
Published: December 2015

This month's tutorial addresses the need for key stage 1 pupils to have an understanding of the design, function and technology of everyday appliances.
Your marginal gains
Authors: Cartwright Eva
Published: December 2015

Ever thought about this in relation to the teaching assistant's role? It is all about making small changes and improvements that add up to a winning outcome.
Making puppets to bring stories to life
Authors: McKeown Sal
Published: December 2015

Sal McKeown hears how teachers are using creative story-telling kits, produced by company Creative Days, to link literacy to other subject areas of the curriculum.
When Ofsted calls…
Authors: David Anthony
Published: December 2015

So how do you prepare? Before you even consider education, your first priority must be to think about your health and safety policies, says Anthony David.
Rote-learning tables may not always add up
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: December 2015

Does reciting times tables provide the building blocks for maths learning, or does the emphasis on instant recall turn off too many pupils? Dorothy Lepkowska investigates.
Oral homecare regimens and products
Authors: Bloor Claire
Published: December 2015

The maintenance of the oral health of veterinary patients is fundamental to the maintenance of their overall health. Oral ill-health and untreated diseases are considered to contribute significantly to, or exacerbate, many other systemic illnesses that animal patients suffer, often due to a transient bacteraemia originating within the oral cavity, and these diseases can be painful. Anecdotally, many clients return with their animal post-dental treatment and report that they are like a puppy or a kitten again. This is simply because having cleaned away the plaque bacteria from the sulcus during the dental procedure, the animal does not then suffer this influx of bacteria from the sulcus through the breached epithelium and into the bloodstream every time it eats, closes its mouth or holds on to a toy. A persistent low-grade bacteraemia will take its toll on any animal and insidiously age it. The promotion of oral homecare and the provision of advice and guidance with regards to protocols and products is largely the responsibility of the registered veterinary nurse (RVN) or veterinary technicians in veterinary practice, and as such they should aim to promote preventative health care rather than reactive health care. This article aims to explore the different types of products available to enhance good oral homecare and examine their claims, before suggesting an optimal ‘goldstandard’ oral homecare regimen and compromises to this optimal regimen.
Critical care of the small rodent: a veterinary nurse's guide
Authors: Brament Wendy
Published: December 2015

Small rodents are a popular pet choice, but their ability to conceal obvious signs of discomfort or illness, attributed to their ‘prey-like’ lifestyle, can make them challenging patients. Consequently they are regularly encountered by veterinary staff when clinical signs are apparent suggestive of chronic or advanced illnesses. Veterinary nurses are essential in the critical care of small rodent patients by appreciating correct husbandry, providing behavioural observations and administration of treatments, promoting patient welfare, minimising discomfort and preserving life where appropriate. This article aims to review the relevant characteristics of small rodents, identifying critically ill patients and nursing initiatives that can facilitate their hospitalisation, treatment and recovery.
How to pressure check an anaesthetic machine
Authors: Bradbrook Carl
Published: December 2015

Pre-anaesthetic checks, including those focusing on the anaesthetic machine, form an important part of patient safety and have become an integral part of the peri-anaesthetic checklists currently being introduced into veterinary medicine. Careful testing of the anaesthetic machine involves pressure testing the various components, allowing detection of any defective workings prior to use. Implementing a step by step guide ensures that no important stages are omitted from pressure checking and prevents patient safety from being compromised. Visual checks of the gas cylinder connections, vaporiser(s), flow meters and common gas outlet should be followed by testing of the low and high pressure systems within the anaesthetic machine and then the vaporiser and its attachment to the back bar. Any leaks detected should be identified and resolved if possible or repairs organised and alternative equipment utilised.
An extended patient care report for a canine in congestive heart failure
Authors: West Jamielee , Humm Karen
Published: December 2015

This article describes the nursing care provided to a patient presenting with congestive heart failure and cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. It is essential to minimise stress during diagnostic investigations and throughout the implementation of monitoring plans and nursing interventions of patients presenting in respiratory distress, to prevent decompensation and arrest. Oxygen therapy was administered immediately and drug therapy tailored to the patient's response. Monitoring techniques were selected based on those requiring minimal handling while ensuring sufficient information was obtained to allow repeat assessment of the patient's response to drug and oxygen therapy.
The exotic pet trade — where do veterinary professionals fit in?
Authors: Wade Anna
Published: December 2015

Current legislation on the sale of exotic pets is out of date and is unable to regulate the trade in exotic animals as Anna Wade explains.
Cardinality estimates for some classes of regular languages
Authors: Alexandrov Dmitriy E.
Published: December 2015

We consider a method that modifies regular expressions in order to solve the “exponential explosion” problem on the number of states of the finite automaton that recognizes a set of regular languages defined by the union of regular expressions of the form .∗ R
A Newton-like method for computing deflating subspaces
Authors: Demyanko Kirill V. , Nechepurenko Yuri M. , Sadkane Miloud
Published: December 2015

This work is devoted to computations of deflating subspaces associated with separated groups of finite eigenvalues near specified shifts of large regular matrix pencils. The proposed method is a combination of inexact inverse subspace iteration and Newton’s method. The first one is slow but reliably convergent starting with almost an arbitrary initial subspace and it is used as a preprocessing to obtain a good initial guess for the second method which is fast but only locally convergent. The Newton method necessitates at each iteration the solution of a generalized Sylvester equation and for this task an iterative algorithm based on the preconditioned GMRES method is devised. Numerical properties of the proposed combination are illustrated with a typical hydrodynamic stability problem.
On the convergence of Halley’s method for simultaneous computation of polynomial zeros
Authors: Proinov Petko D. , Ivanov Stoil I.
Published: December 2015

In this paper we study the convergence of Halley’s method as a method for finding all zeros of a polynomial simultaneously. We present two types of local convergence theorems as well as a semilocal convergence theorem for Halley’s method for simultaneous computation of polynomial zeros.
Climate and Conflict: Whence the Weather?
Authors: Gartzke Erik , Böhmelt Tobias
Published: December 2015

Researchers have increasingly sought to identify the social repercussions of an evolving climate. Several influential studies claim that climate change is responsible for increases in conflict, while other research finds no such evidence. Relating human-caused changes in the climate to conflict poses a basic endogeneity problem, though: accepting that industrial activity is responsible for altering the climate implies that human agency is indirectly involved in the impact of the climate on conflict. Specifically, industrial activity is closely tied to climate change and to rising economic development, the latter generally being accepted as a determinant of reductions in conflict. In this letter, we discuss this endogeneity problem, outline possible shortcomings for empirical research if this problem is not addressed, and propose a research strategy that might eventually help to overcome it effectively.
Blend membranes based on polyurethane and polyethylene glycol: exploring the impact of molecular weight and concentration of the second phase on gas permeation enhancement
Authors: Abdolmaleki Milad , Tavakoli Touraj , Jazani Omid Moini , Saeb Mohammad Reza
Published: December 2015

This work seeks to explore the permeability dependence of polyurethane (PU)/polyethylene glycol (PEG) blend membranes on the molecular weight and composition of PEG constituent polymer. In this regard, gases with different polar nature were mixed (CO2/N2, CO2/CH4, and O2/N2) and subjected to a series of PU/PEG blends prepared via solution casting method. With the alteration of the molecular weight (1000, 2000, and 6000 g/mol) and composition (0, 10, 15, and 20 wt.%) of PEG in the blend films, the potentials of membranes in controlling the permeation of gas molecules within the films were quantified, compared, and discussed. It is known that the introduction of PEG into PU-based membranes causes the films to become more flexible, which brings advantages from an application point of view. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy analyses were used to study the microstructural changes in the prepared PU/PEG blend membranes. The selectivity of the films was obviously displaced by the introduction of PEG, particularly when higher-molecular-weight PEGs were used and the resulting hybrid membranes were subjected to a mixture of CO2/CH4 or CO2/N2 gases.
Numerical simulation of spatial motion of a thread
Authors: Kobel’kov Georgy M. , Zvyagin Alexander V.
Published: December 2015

Spatial motion of an ideal inextensible thread is described by six first order partial differential equations with one space variable and one algebraic equation that has to be valid at each point. In the paper, new formulation of the problem without an algebraic equation is suggested. It is proved that the new problem is equivalent to the original one and an efficient numerical method for its solution is developed.
The Non-Alignment Stagnation-Point Flow Towards a Permeable Stretching/Shrinking Sheet in a Nanofluid Using Buongiorno’s Model: A Revised Model
Authors: Hamid Rohana Abdul , Nazar Roslinda , Pop Ioan
Published: December 2015

A numerical study on the stagnation-point boundary layer flow of a viscous and incompressible (Newtonian) fluid past a stretching/shrinking sheet with the fluid suction using Buongiorno’s model is considered. The main focus of this article is the effects of the non-alignment of the flow and the surface of the sheet. We have also studied the problem using a new boundary condition that is more physically realistic which assumes that the nanoparticle fraction at the surface is passively controlled. The governing equations of this problem are reduced to the ordinary differential equations using some similarity transformations which are then solved using the bvp4c function in Matlab. From the results obtained, we concluded that the effect of the non-alignment function is the same as in the regular fluid or nanofluid. However, it is found that the fluid suction can reduce the effect of the non-alignment at the surface. Dual solutions have also been discovered in this problem and from the stability analysis it is found that the first solution is stable while the second solution is not stable.
Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of a binuclear copper(II) complex constructed by a new coordination mode of the tetrachlorophthalate ligand
Authors: Zhang Jun , Li Jun-Xia
Published: December 2015

A binuclear complex [Cu2(tcpa)2(bipy)2(H2O)3] (1) (H4tcpa = tetrachlorophthalic acid, bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Two independent CuII centers Cu1 and Cu2 are both five-coordinated in distorted square pyramids. The tetrachlorophthalate (tcpa2–) anions show a new coordination mode: one is monodentate at Cu1, and the other displays a bridging μ
2-O,O″ fashion linking Cu1 and Cu2, thus forming the binuclear structure of 1. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility data show weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the two CuII ions.
An extracardiac unruptured right sinus of valsalva aneurysm complicated with atherothrombosis
Authors: Zhang Jun , Liu Yani , Liu Ligang , Deng Youbin
Published: December 2015

We present quite a rare case of extracardiac unruptured right sinus of valsalva aneurysm (SVA) complicated with atherothrombosis in a young adult man. A 35-year-old male with a giant unruptured SVA arising from the right coronary sinus (RCS) with extracardiac protrusion was diagnosed by echocardiography. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed a huge calcified aneurysm with mural thrombi originating from the aortic root, and about 80% stenosis at the initial segment of the right coronary artery (RCA). Intraoperative exploration demonstrated a giant unruptured aneurysm arising from the RCS. Different from other SVAs reported before, this aneurismal wall appeared thick and atheromatous-like. In this aneurysm, there was a small localized intima tearing and mural thrombosis, and the orifice of the RCA was almost blocked. This patient underwent surgical patch repair to prevent aneurysm rupture and coronary artery bypass grafting for RCA revascularization. In conclusion, the pathological examination demonstrated marked foam cells, inflammatory cells, and thrombosis in the aneurismal wall.
Oral Health Prevention and Toddler Well-Child Care: Routine Integration in a Safety Net System
Authors: Dooley Diane , Moultrie Nicolette M. , Heckman Barbara , Gansky Stuart A. , Potter Michael B. , Walsh Margaret M.
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Applying topical fluoride varnish (FV) to young children’s teeth is an effective therapeutic strategy for preventing early childhood caries (ECC). In 2008, the pediatricians at Contra Costa Regional Medical Center and Health Centers became concerned that our low-income pediatric patients had high rates of ECC and very limited access to dental care. We formed an interdisciplinary safety net-academic partnership with the University of California San Francisco to implement routine FV applications, along with oral health education, screening, and referral during well-child exams for children aged 1 to 5 years.

METHODS:

Over 3 years, the team developed clinical policies, educational materials, billing, and support systems to facilitate implementation in the primary care setting. A pilot study was performed in 2 health centers; improvements to the implementation plan were made. A team of local providers and academic partners performed system-wide didactic and hands-on trainings and spread this intervention to the remaining 6 health centers. Continued improvement strategies and provider feedback were pursued with each measurement cycle.

RESULTS:

In August 2012, 95% of all children aged 1 to 5 years who were seen for well-child checkups received a FV application and oral health education during their primary care well visit. Repeat measurement in April 2014 showed a sustained rate of 97% application of FV for children in this age group seen for well-child visits.

CONCLUSIONS:

With institutional commitment and an academic partnership, a safety net institution can integrate routine FV applications and oral health interventions into well-child visits to reduce ECC.
Comprensión lectora, memoria de trabajo, fluidez y vocabulario en escolares cubanos
Authors: González Hernández Klency , Otero Paz Laura , Castro Laguardia Ana María
Published: December 2015

El presente artículo examina algunos factores cognitivos asociados a las dificultades de comprensión lectora de un grupo de estudiantes de tercero y quinto grados del municipio Marianao, provincia La Habana, Cuba en el año 2013. Participaron 108 estudiantes, 54 del sexo femenino y 54 del sexo masculino, con edades comprendidas entre los 8 y 10 años. Fueron evaluadas la comprensión lectora, la memoria de trabajo verbal, la fluidez y el vocabulario. Los principales resultados muestran que la memoria de trabajo verbal, la fluidez y el vocabulario se correlacionan positiva y significativamente con la comprensión lectora, por lo que pueden considerarse buenos predictores del desempeño en relación con este proceso. En relación con cada una de estas variables se observa un mejor rendimiento de los estudiantes de quinto grado, con respecto a los de tercer grado.
Accesibilidad al proceso educativo en el entorno universitario
Authors: Gross Martínez Martha
Published: December 2015

Este artículo presenta los hallazgos de la investigación Accesibilidad en la permanencia de estudiantes con necesidades educativas asociadas o no a discapacidad, en una universidad pública de Costa Rica (2012-2014). El objetivo de dicho estudio consistió en analizar la accesibilidad desde la percepción estudiantil sobre las acciones, apoyos y servicios dentro de la vida universitaria, a partir de las diferentes dimensiones de la accesibilidad (espacio físico, información y proceso educativo) y con ello aportar propuestas que permitan y dinamicen la inclusión en este nivel educativo. Este estudio se adscribe a la investigación cualitativa. La población participante se seleccionó considerando las necesidades de accesibilidad en el entorno universitario. Se expone de manera particular el análisis de los resultados sobre accesibilidad al proceso educativo en este contexto. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica que permitiera la reflexión sobre el objeto de estudio, además, se llevó a cabo una encuesta en línea al estudiantado y la realización de grupos focales para la recolección de datos. Finalmente, se pone de manifiesto los logros y carencias que existen en materia de accesibilidad en el ámbito educativo, puntualizando aspectos vinculantes con el derecho a la educación y el compromiso institucional, ante los desafíos que esta población enfrenta en el quehacer de la vida estudiantil. 
Concepción de ser humano en la política educativa y reglamento de evaluación de los aprendizajes. Una mirada desde la teoría de Habermas
Authors: Abarca Araya Steven
Published: December 2015

El ensayo tiene como propósito analizar si hay una correspondencia entre la concepción de ser humano que se trata de promover mediante la Política Educativa Hacia el Siglo XXI y el Reglamento de Evaluación de los Aprendizajes que permean el Sistema Educativo costarricense. Resulta evidente que todo sistema educativo y todo currículum deben partir de una concepción de ser humano que se desea formar y de mundo en el que dicho ser humano debe desarrollarse, es por esta razón que resulta necesario, desde la teoría de los intereses cognitivos de Habermas, analizar si hay una correspondencia entre estos dos documentos. Dentro de los principales hallazgos del análisis se pudo evidenciar que existen discrepancias entre la Política Educativa y el Reglamento de Evaluación de los Aprendizajes sobre el tipo de ser humano que se quiere formar, pues la Política Educativa concuerda con el interés práctico propuesto por Habermas, mientras que el Reglamento de Evaluación de los Aprendizajes con el interés técnico. Esto lleva a concluir que no existe correspondencia en la concepción de ser humano y de mundo que se promueven desde estos documentos, lo que pone en evidencia que a pesar de los esfuerzos, en la Política Educativa, por formar personas más autónomas y constructoras activas de sus propios conocimientos, el Reglamento de Evaluación de los Aprendizajes sigue obedeciendo a una educación tradicional que forma ciudadanos para sostener, legitimar y reproducir los intereses de la clase dominante, creando trabajadores obedientes y dóciles.
Confianza interpersonal entre los miembros de una escuela: valor básico y olvidado por las reformas educativas
Authors: Razeto Pavez Alicia Cristina
Published: December 2015

Más de 20 años de reforma educacional han sido insuficientes para provocar el cambio esperado e impulsado por las políticas en lo relativo a la calidad y equidad de los aprendizajes en el sistema escolar chileno. En este contexto, el objetivo de este ensayo es reflexionar, por una parte, acerca de la relación entre desconfianza social y resistencia a los cambios de las organizaciones escolares. Por otra parte, se destacan las oportunidades que la presencia de confianza interpersonal genera en las escuelas en un contexto de cambios, producto de la implementación de políticas educativas. Esta reflexión es derivada de una investigación doctoral concluida durante el año 2013, realizada en escuelas básicas chilenas vulnerables, que tuvo como propósito analizar el fenómeno de la confianza relacional entre profesores y directores y sus consecuencias en la implementación de políticas educativas. Se concluye que la confianza interpersonal es un pilar que promueve y sostiene los procesos de cambio de las escuelas en el contexto de las reformas educacionales. Sin embargo, Chile en particular y América Latina en general, parecen enfrentar una crisis de desconfianza que permea a la escuela y a las relaciones interpersonales que se desarrollan entre profesores y directivos. La desconfianza interpersonal actúa como fuente de resistencia al cambio de las organizaciones escolares. Por ello es que las reformas educativas no deberían ignorar esta problemática social y, en consecuencia, velar para que las condiciones y valores básicos, como la confianza interpersonal, estén presentes en la escuela.
Proyecto oportunidad: Integrar principios y estrategias de educación abierta para la innovación docente en las universidades latinoamericanas
Authors: Hernández Montoya Diana , Sandoval Poveda Ana María
Published: December 2015

El artículo se elaboró con la finalidad de divulgar la experiencia vivida en el curso Principios y estrategias de educación abierta para la innovación docente, generado por el proyecto OportUnidad, y de valorar la experiencia y sus recursos didácticos como posible opción para la formación sobre este tema. Fue llevado a cabo en línea, entre los meses de septiembre y diciembre de 2013. Durante el transcurso y posterior a él, se utilizaron diferentes instrumentos para recopilar información acerca del diseño, la metodología, los recursos didácticos empleados, entre otros, por parte de los participantes como de los moderadores. Se contó con un abordaje mixto del tema que consideró a toda la población que respondió a los instrumentos, 36 en total. Como resultado de esta experiencia se determinó la idoneidad de los materiales didácticos elaborados para difundir el uso de los Recursos Educativos Abiertos y la necesidad creciente de aprovecharlos en la mediación pedagógica para la Educación Superior. En conclusión, con esta experiencia se determinaron aspectos replicables para su mejoramiento.
Voix narrative hypertextuelle et cohérence sémantique dans L’Affaire Le Moine. Étude sur le pastiche de Sain-Simon par Proust
Authors: Salas Quirós José
Published: December 2015

El presente artículo supone un estudio particular del pastiche del duque Saint- Simon por Marcel Proust, con la ayuda de dos “grandes nociones” (propuestas y definidas aquí mismo) que cruzan todo el texto y su composición, a saber: voz narrativa hipertextual (según la terminología estructuralista) y coherencia semántica (con el fin de establecer una teoría de creación y estructura del texto). Es decir que nos enfrentamos a dos grandes preguntas en este análisis: ¿cómo funcionó la creación de este pastiche y cuáles son las características respectivas a su narración? dado que consideramos que la narración es lo más especial y remarcable en esta obra y que debe estudiarse tanto su origen como su resultado final. Las respuestas se despliegan según un método de profundo análisis de las partes del texto y del texto como unidad, siempre respetando la estricta división basada en el carácter especifico de cada una de las preguntas expuestas.
Character Education di Indonesia: Menguak Pemikiran Pendidikan K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari
Authors: Mukani Mukani
Published: December 2015

Modernization has indeed brought about a significant change in education. In
response to it, education has reoriented itself in terms of its curriculum, teaching
methodology, teaching qualification, institution management, leadership management
and so on. In Indonesia efforts to modernize education are still limited to what seems to
be the mere surface of the matter. These efforts in other words, do not deal as yet with
the substance –namely the philosophical aspect- of education. KH. Hasyim Asy’ari however,
is an exception. Having been thought of as a traditional scholar, he nonetheless was
capable of providing insights that might lead to a dynamization and modernization of
education in Indonesia. His thoughts are highly relevant to the issue of educational reform.
Given that his ideas are largely conceptual and philosophical, a study that concerns itself
with this area of investigation must pay an attention not only to his intellectual corpus but
also to those technical and operational issues that have to do with this corpus. In this way
we will have a comprehensive and balanced view of education; a view that entertains the
belief that education is there to produce man of both knowledge and morality, man that
both knows and obeys the norms and values of society.
Al-Suyutî Dan Kontroversi Strata Ijtihâd: Telaah atas Klaim Mujtahid Mutlaq al-Suyutî dan Landasan Normatifnya
Authors: Fanani Ahwan
Published: December 2015

The 6th century of Islam witnessed the first emergence of the new class of ‘ulama that tended to “close” the gate of ijtihad. By the closure of the gate of ijtihad I do not mean that the gate of ijtihad can indeed be closed. At some point of its development, the legal system of various schools of thought of Islam has finally been established, the resultant consequence of which being that some ‘ulama felt that ijtihad can only be done on elaborating further the views of the previous ‘ulama and not on proposing original views on particular legal issue of Islam. Al-Suyuti emerged during the era where legal system of Islam has already been established. He claims interestingly, that he is a mujtahid mutlaq, that is, some one who has the absolute and independent authority to do ijtihad and to extrapolate rules from the legal sources of Islam. This comes as a sharp contrast to the general belief at the time that no mujtahid mutlaq may any longer emerge. Al-Suyuti wrote al-Radd to legitimize his claim; a claim that inevitably prompted a strong
objection from his fellow legalists. Although his claim was not received with enthusiasm from the public, al-Suyuti has nonetheless made a valuable contribution in the field of the study of ijtihad. His works are applauded as a great evaluation on the subject. On various occasions, al-Suyuti wrote that the Muslim intellectuals should not be satisfied with the views of the previous ‘ulama (taqlid) and that they should instead exercise their intellectual acumen via ijtihad.
Antara Sab’iyah dan Ghulat: Menakar Ekstremitas Sekte-sekte Shi’ah Melalui Konsep Imâmah
Authors: Umam Fawaizul
Published: December 2015

Extremist discourse is found within the Shi’ite community just as it is also found within the Sunnite group. Within the former, the existence of the sectarian groups –it may be argued- serves as the raison d’ėtre of extremism. These groups emerged first and foremost as a result of the diverging and somewhat conflicting views on the notion of Imāmah; a notion that always forms part and parcel of the Shi’i tenet. This is in addition to the fact that they emerge as a logical result of the doctrinal disparity that members of these group hold on various issues. It is out of these differences however, that the modulation of Shi’ism into the moderates and the extremists -that is the right and the misled Shi’ism as it were- comes into being. What this implies is that that kind of modulation is not simply about the classification and social identification of Shi’ism. It is also about the categorical stigmatization of members of the group toward each other. Hence, the competing truth-claim among them ends up in a seemingly endless political conflict. In this, those who are judged misled such as the Shi’ah Sab’iyah, are often called the “ghulat”. Nonetheless, some scholars argue that the identification of this group as “ghulat” is not due to its misleading tenet, but because of its doctrinal extremism. The more extreme a group becomes, the more misled it is. To me however, this later view is problematic simply because there is no a standardized measure of who is misled and who is not. Vis-à-vis this problem, this paper is destined to investigate the epistemological significance of the word “misleading” that the Shi’ah Sab’iyah is associated with, and is also interested to find out to what extent this group may be rightly called extremist. All this will be done through the serious study on the central tenet of Shi’ism, namely imāmah.