bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of an Ohmic Contact Cathode by Two Metal Sulfides for efficient Capture and Catalysis of Polysulfide
Authors: Chen Jing‐Zhou , Hou Yun‐Lei , Zhang Bo‐Han , Chen Pei‐Pei , Lei Jia‐Ting , Li Zi‐Ang , Zhao Dong‐Lin
Published: July 2024

The slow reaction kinetics and severe shuttle effect of lithium polysulfide make Li‐S battery electrochemical performance difficult to meet the demands of large electronic devices such as electric vehicles. Based on this, an electrocatalyst constructed by metal phase material (MoS2) and semiconductor phase material (SnS2) with ohmic contact is designed for inhibiting the dissolution of lithium polysulfide with improving the reaction kinetics. According to the density‐functional theory calculations, it is found that the heterostructured samples with ohmic contacts can effectively reduce the reaction‐free energy of lithium polysulfide to accelerate the sulfur redox reaction, in addition to the excellent electron conduction to reduce the overall activation energy. The metallic sulfide can add more sulfophilic sites to promote the capture of polysulfide. Thanks to the ohmic contact design, the carbon nanotube‐MoS2‐SnS2 achieved a specific capacity of 1437.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C current density and 805.5 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles at 1 C current density and is also tested as a pouch cell, which proves to be valuable for practical applications. This work provides a new idea for designing an advanced and efficient polysulfide catalyst based on ohmic contact.
Web crippling design of cold‐formed ultra‐high strength steel lipped channels under ITF loading: A numerical parametric investigation
Authors: Anbarasu Mani , Dar Mohammad Adil , Ganesh Gopal Mohan , Kathiresan Muthiah
Published: July 2024

In recent years, there has been a compelling need to adopt cold‐formed ultra‐high‐strength steel (CFUSS) in the construction industry owing to its numerous advantages, such as a higher strength‐to‐weight ratio, flexibility in achieving desired shapes, and adaptability over longer spans. Among the various applications, CFUSS lipped channel sections are commonly used as purlins and joists in steel structural systems. However, these sections are susceptible to different failure modes, particularly web crippling, which presents significant challenges. Currently, the current design rules lack specific guidelines for estimating the web crippling capacity of CFUSS sections. To address this crucial gap, the present study focuses on a comprehensive numerical investigation of the web crippling response of CFUSS lipped channel sections under interior‐two‐flange (ITF) loading conditions. Finite element (FE) models were developed using the ABAQUS package, verified against published test data, and subsequently used in an extensive parametric study. The ultimate web crippling capacity obtained from the parametric study was used to evaluate the accuracy of the current design equations in various design standards. The findings revealed that the existing design equations inadequately predicted the ultimate web crippling capacity of CFUSS lipped channel sections subjected to the ITF loading condition. Consequently, a modified design equation is proposed, utilizing the same approach as the current design standards, and a new direct strength method (DSM) approach is developed and verified through reliability analysis. The proposed modified design equations offer promising solutions to ensure safer and more reliable design practices for CFUSS structures in the construction industry.
Resolving the evolutionary history of Ctenium and Kampochloa using phylogenomics, and a new circumscription of Cteniinae (Cynodonteae, Poaceae)
Authors: Oulo Millicent Akinyi , Wanga Vincent Okelo , Mbandi Elijah Mkala , Vorontsova Maria S. , Hu Guang‐Wan , Wang Qing‐Feng
Published: July 2024

Ctenium has about 20 species distributed in Africa, Arabia, and the Neotropics, with no species occurring on more than one continent. Its relationship with the morphologically similar Kampochloa is still unclear and has not been investigated. In this study, we performed phylogenomic analyses using 71 protein‐coding genes of 24 newly sequenced plastomes, of 13 species of Ctenium and 1 species of Kampochloa to understand their biogeography and the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships between these two genera and within Ctenium. Our results support two major clades of Ctenium: the Neotropics and Old‐World clades. Kampochloa is shown to be a close relative of the genus Ctenium, and their morphological similarities support this. Divergence time estimation analyses show that Kampochloa and Ctenium diverged around 7.99 Ma, and might have originated in the late Miocene during the rapid expansion of C4 grasslands. With this evidence from morphology and phylogenomic data, we propose the inclusion of the previously unplaced Kampochloa into the subtribe Cteniinae.
Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Transformations of Chalcones
Authors: Santos Clementina M. M. , Silva Artur M. S.
Published: July 2024

Chalcones are a class of naturally occurring flavonoid compounds associated to a variety of biological and pharmacological properties. Several reviews have been published describing the synthesis and biological properties of a vast array of analogues. However, overviews on the reactivity of chalcones has only been explored in a few accounts. To fill this gap, a systematic survey on the most recent developments in the transition metal‐catalyzed transformation of chalcones was performed. The chemistry of copper, palladium, zinc, iron, manganese, nickel, ruthenium, cobalt, rhodium, iridium, silver, indium, gold, titanium, platinum, among others, as versatile catalysts will be highlighted, covering the literature from year 2000 to 2023, in more than 380 publications.
Application of 2‐Azabicyclo[2.2.1]Hept‐5‐En‐3‐One (Vince Lactam) in Synthetic Organic and Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Nonn Melinda , Fustero Santos , Kiss Loránd
Published: July 2024

2‐Azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐5‐en‐3‐one (Vince lactam) is known to be a valuable building block in synthetic organic chemistry and drug research. It is an important precursor to access of some blockbuster antiviral drugs such as Carbovir or Abacavir as well as other carbocyclic neuraminidase inhibitors as antiviral agents. The ring C=C bond of the Vince lactam allows versatile chemical manipulations to create not only functionalized γ‐lactams, but also γ‐amino acid derivatives with a cyclopentane framework. The aim of the current account is to summarize the chemistry of Vince lactam, its synthetic utility and application in organic and medicinal chemistry over the last decade.
What does that button do? How instructors can foster curiosity and inquiry in digital literacy
Authors: Zerrenner Emily
Published: July 2024

This chapter describes how instructors can foster curiosity and exploration to improve digital literacy for college students. It also details multiple inquiry‐based teaching strategies that may be used in digital literacy contexts.
Exposure to Trimethyltin Chloride Induces Pyroptosis and Immune Dysfunction in Grass Carp CIK Cells by Activating the NF‐κB Pathway Through Oxidative Stress
Authors: Ni Xiaotong , Hong Haozheng , Xu Haotian , Qi Meng , Xu Shiwen
Published: July 2024

Trimethyltin chloride (TMT) is a highly toxic organotin pollutant frequently found in aquatic environments, posing a significant threat to the ecological system. The kidney plays a vital role in the body's detoxification processes, and TMT present in the environment tends to accumulate in the kidneys. However, it remained unclear whether exposure to different doses of TMT could induce pyroptosis and immune dysfunction in grass carp kidney cells (CIK cells). For this purpose, after assessing the half‐maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of TMT on CIK cells, we established a model for exposure of CIK cells at varying concentrations of TMT. CIK cells were treated with various doses of TMT (2.5, 5, 10 μM) for 24 h. Oxidative stress levels were measured using kits and fluorescence methods, whereas the expression of related genes was verified through western blot and quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). The results indicated that TMT exposure led to oxidative stress, with increased levels of ROS, H2O2, MDA, and GSH, and inhibited activities of T‐AOC, SOD, and CAT. It activated the NF‐κB pathway, leading to the upregulation of NF‐κB p65, NF‐κB p50, GSDMD, NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase‐1. Furthermore, TMT exposure also resulted in increased expression of cytokines (IL‐18, IL‐6, IL‐2, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α) and decreased expression of antimicrobial peptides (LEAP2, HEPC, and β‐defensin). In summary, exposure to TMT induces dose‐dependent oxidative stress that activates the NF‐κB pathway, leading to pyroptosis and immune dysfunction in grass carp CIK cells.
Personalized goals of people living with dementia and family carers: A content analysis of goals set within an individually tailored psychosocial intervention trial
Authors: Budgett Jessica , Sommerlad Andrew , Kupeli Nuriye , Zabihi Sedigheh , Rockwood Kenneth , Cooper Claudia
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Person‐centered goals capture individual priorities in personal contexts. Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) has been used in drug trials involving people living with dementia (PLWD) but GAS has been characterized as difficult to incorporate into trials and clinical practice. We used GAS in a trial of New Interventions for Independence in Dementia Study (NIDUS)‐family, a manualized care and support intervention, as the primary outcome and to tailor the interventions to goals set. We aimed to assess the feasibility and content of baseline goal‐setting.

Methods

We developed training for nonclinical facilitators to set individualized GAS goals remotely with PLWD and family carer dyads, or carers alone, in the intervention trial, during the COVID‐19 pandemic. A qualitative content analysis of the goals set explored participants’ priorities and unmet needs, to consider how existing GAS goal domains might be extended in a psychosocial intervention trial context.

Results

Eleven facilitators were successfully trained to set and score GAS goals. A total of 313/328 (95%) participants were able to collaboratively set three to five goals with the facilitators. Of these, 302 randomized participating dyads set 1043 (mean 3.5, range 3 to 5) goals. We deductively coded 719 (69%) goals into five existing GAS domains (mood, behavior, self‐care, cognition, and instrumental activities of daily living); 324 (31%) goals were inductively coded into four new domains: carer break, carer mood, carer behavior, and carer sleep. The most frequently set goals pertained to social support. There was little variation in types of goals set based on the context of who set them or level of pandemic restrictions in place.

Discussion

It is feasible for people without clinical training to set GAS holistic goals for PLWD and family carers in the community. GAS has potential to facilitate personalization of care and support interventions, such as NIDUS‐family, and facilitate the roll out of more personalized care.

Highlights

Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) can capture meaningful priorities of people with dementia and their family carers.

A psychosocial intervention RCT used GAS as the primary outcome measure and goals were set collaboratively by non‐clinically trained facilitators.

The findings underscore the feasibility of using GAS as an outcome measure with this population.

The content analysis findings unveiled the diversity in experiences and priorities of the study participants.

GAS has the potential to support the implementation of more person‐centred approaches to dementia care.
Skeletal muscle quality predicts overall survival in advanced liver hepatocellular carcinoma treated with SIRT and sorafenib: A subanalysis of the SORAMIC trial
Authors: Surov Alexey , Wienke Andreas , Borggrefe Jan , Hinnerichs Mattes , Seidensticker Ricarda , Öcal Osman , Schütte Kerstin , Zech Christoph J. , Loewe Christian , van Delden Otto , Vandecaveye Vincent , Verslype Chris , Gebauer Bernhard , Sengel Christian , Bargellini Irene , Iezzi Roberto , Malfertheiner Peter , Berg Thomas , Klümpen Heinz J. , Benckert Julia , Gasbarrini Antonio , Amthauer Holger , Sangro Bruno , Ricke Jens , Seidensticker Max
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

Our purpose was to assess the impact of muscle quality on overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced HCC.

Methods

This is a subanalysis of the SORAMIC trial. Overall, 363 patients were included. The SIRT/Sorafenib treatment group comprised 182 patients and the sorafenib group 181 patients. Myosteatosis was defined as skeletal muscle density (SMD) < 41 HU for patients with a body mass index up to 24.9 kg/m2 and <33 HU for patients with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. Albumin‐gauge score was calculated as follows: serum albumin (g/dL) × SMD (HU). To assess the impact of muscle quality on clinical variables and OS, a Cox regression model was used. Hazard ratios are presented together with 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI). Kaplan‐Meier curves were used for survival analysis.

Results

In the SIRT/sorafenib cohort, low albumin‐gauge score was an independent predictor of worse OS, HR = 1.74, CI 95% (1.16–2.62), p = 0.01. In the sorafenib cohort, muscle quality parameters did not predict OS. In alcohol‐induced HCC (n = 129), myosteatosis independently predicted OS, HR = 1.85, CI 95% (1.10; 3.12), p = 0.02. In viral‐induced HCC (n = 99), parameters of muscle quality did not predict OS. In patients with NASH/Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) induced HCC, albumin‐gauge score was a strong independent predictor of worse OS in the subgroup undergoing combined treatment with SIRT and sorafenib, HR = 9.86, CI 95% (1.12; 86.5), p = 0.04.

Conclusions

Myosteatosis predicts independently worse OS in patients with alcohol‐induced HCC undergoing combined treatment with SIRT and sorafenib. In patients with NASH/NAFLD induced HCC undergoing treatment with SIRT and sorafenib, albumin‐gauge score predicts independently worse OS.

Impact and implications

Associations between parameters of muscle quality and OS are different in accordance to the treatment strategy and etiology of HCC. These findings highlight the prognostic potential of skeletal muscle quality in patients with advanced HCC.
Evasive invasives? Implications of neophobia for feral cat (Felis catus) control
Authors: Ryan‐Schofield Ned L. , Read John L. , McGregor Hugh W. , McWhorter Todd J. , Moseby Katherine E.
Published: July 2024

Neophobia is an ecologically relevant personality trait that manifests as aversion to new or unfamiliar stimuli. Fear and subsequent avoidance of novel stimuli represents a challenge for pest management programs, as control tools that induce a neophobic response will reduce their effectiveness. Additionally, neophobia can be a plastic trait induced by exposure to high‐risk environments, and so can be exacerbated by repeated harassment, which often occurs in pest management programs that are conducted at high intensity. We investigated the propensity of feral cats (Felis catus) to exhibit neophobic behavior towards a novel control device. We also tested whether neophobia was altered by capture and radio‐collaring or changed over time. We found that there is significant potential for initial avoidance of control devices by some feral cats, and that capture and handling significantly increased the likelihood of avoidance. Neophobia generally declined over time suggesting that long‐term deployment may reduce the impact of neophobia. Avoidance of novel control tools could severely limit their effectiveness, especially if deployed to remove the last remaining cats from confined areas. Remaining cats may have avoided repeated attempts at conventional control techniques and so may be more neophobic. In such circumstances, control tool deployments should be lengthened considerably, to take advantage of waning neophobia over time, and, concealed effectively to hide them from neophobic cats. The increased neophobia recorded in cats that were handled and radio‐collared for monitoring suggests that results from experiments that test new control devices may not be indicative of the behavior of naïve cats. Changes to methodology such as minimizing capture and handling may be required to reduce neophobia and provide valid research results when testing novel control tools.
Vitamin C inactivates c-Jun N-terminal kinase to stabilize heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 1 (Hand1) in regulating placentation and maintenance of pregnancy
Authors: Zhu Haibin , Luo Huan , Wu Xiaowei , Bao Hangyang , Shu Yingying , Ji Xing , Fan Xueying , Pan Yibin , Tang Chao , Wu Ximei , Ruan Hongfeng
Published: July 2024

Vitamin C (VC) serves as a pivotal nutrient for anti-oxidation process, metabolic responses, and stem cell differentiation. However, its precise contribution to placenta development and gestation remains obscure. Here, we demonstrated that physiological levels of VC act to stabilize Hand1, a key bHLH transcription factor vital for the development trajectory of trophoblast giant cell (TGC) lineages, thereby promoting the differentiation of trophoblast stem cells into TGC. Specifically, VC administration inactivated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, which directly phosphorylates Hand1 at Ser48, triggering the proteasomal degradation of Hand1. Conversely, a loss-of-function mutation at Ser48 on Hand1 not only significantly diminished both intrinsic and VC-induced stabilization of Hand1 but also underscored the indispensability of this residue. Noteworthy, the insufficiency of VC led to severe defects in the differentiation of diverse TGC subtypes and the formation of labyrinth's vascular network in rodent placentas, resulting in failure of maintenance of pregnancy. Importantly, VC deficiency, lentiviral knockdown of JNK or overexpression of Hand1 mutants in trophectoderm substantially affected the differentiation of primary and secondary TGC in E8.5 mouse placentas. Thus, these findings uncover the significance of JNK inactivation and consequential stabilization of Hand1 as a hitherto uncharacterized mechanism controlling VC-mediated placentation and perhaps maintenance of pregnancy.

Graphical Abstract
Combinatorial refinement on circulant graphs
Authors: Kluge Laurence
Published: July 2024

The combinatorial refinement techniques have proven to be an efficient
approach to isomorphism testing for particular classes of graphs.
If the number of refinement rounds is small, this puts
the corresponding isomorphism problem in a low-complexity class.
We investigate the round complexity of the two-dimensional Weisfeiler--Leman algorithm
on circulant graphs, i.e., on Cayley graphs of the cyclic group $$\mathbb{Z}_n$$

Z
n

, and prove that the number of rounds until stabilization is bounded by $$\mathcal{O}(d(n)\log n)$$

O
(
d
(
n
)
log
n
)

,
where $$d(n)$$

d
(
n
)

is the number of divisors of n. As a particular consequence, isomorphism can be tested in NC for connected circulant graphs of order $$p^\ell$$

p
ℓ

with p an odd prime, $$\ell>3$$

ℓ
>
3

and vertex degree $$\Delta$$
Δ
smaller than p.
We also show that the color refinement method (also known as the one-dimensional Weisfeiler--Leman algorithm)
computes a canonical labeling for every non-trivial circulant graph with a prime number of vertices
after individualization of two appropriately chosen vertices.
Thus, the canonical labeling problem for this class of graphs has at most the same
complexity as color refinement, which results in a time bound of $$\mathcal{O}(\Delta \, n\log n)$$

O
(
Δ

n
log
n
)

.
Moreover, this provides a first example where
a sophisticated approach to isomorphism testing put forward by Tinhofer has a real practical meaning.
Guiding the way: a comprehensive examination of AI guidelines in global media
Authors: de-Lima-Santos Mathias-Felipe , Yeung Wang Ngai , Dodds Tomás
Published: July 2024

With the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the news industry, media organizations have begun publishing guidelines that aim to promote the responsible, ethical, and unbiased implementation of AI-based technologies. These guidelines are expected to serve journalists and media workers by establishing best practices and a framework that helps them navigate ever-evolving AI tools. Drawing on institutional theory and digital inequality concepts, this study analyzes 37 AI guidelines for media purposes in 17 countries. Our analysis reveals key thematic areas, such as transparency, accountability, fairness, privacy, and the preservation of journalistic values. Results highlight shared principles and best practices that emerge from these guidelines, including the importance of human oversight, explainability of AI systems, disclosure of automated content, and protection of user data. However, the geographical distribution of these guidelines, highlighting the dominance of Western nations, particularly North America and Europe, can further ongoing concerns about power asymmetries in AI adoption and consequently isomorphism outside these regions. Our results may serve as a resource for news organizations, policymakers, and stakeholders looking to navigate the complex AI development toward creating a more inclusive and equitable digital future for the media industry worldwide.
A proposal for an operational methodology to assist the ranking-aggregation problem in manufacturing
Authors: Franceschini Fiorenzo , Maisano Domenico A. , Mastrogiacomo Luca
Published: July 2024

Ranking aggregation is an ancient problem with some characteristic elements: a number of experts, who individually rank a set of objects according to a certain (subjective) attribute, and the need to aggregate the resulting expert rankings into a collective judgment. Although this problem is traditionally very popular in fields such as social choice, psychometrics, and economics, it can also have several interesting applications in manufacturing, e.g., for customer-oriented design, reliability engineering, production management, etc. Through a case study related to a cobot-assisted manual (dis)assembly, the paper illustrates an operational methodology and various useful tools that assist in tackling the problem practically, effectively, and with a critical mind. Some of the proposed tools allow to estimate the degree of concordance among experts, and the collective judgment’s consistency and robustness. The paper is aimed at scientists and practitioners in manufacturing.
Experimental implementation of skeleton tracking for collision avoidance in collaborative robotics
Authors: Forlini Matteo , Neri Federico , Ciccarelli Marianna , Palmieri Giacomo , Callegari Massimo
Published: July 2024

Collaborative robotic manipulators can stop in case of a collision, according to the ISO/TS 15066 and ISO 10218-1 standards. However, in a human-robot collaboration scenario where the robot and the human share the workspace, a better solution with concerns to production and operator safety would be to perceive in advance the presence of an obstacle and be able to avoid it, thereby completing the task without halting the robot. In this paper, an obstacle avoidance algorithm is tested using a sensor system for real-time human detection; the operator represents a potential dynamic obstacle that can interfere with the robot motion. The sensor system consists of three RGB-D cameras. A custom software framework has been developed in Python exploiting machine learning tools for human skeleton detection. The coordinates of the human body joints relative to the manipulator base are used as input to the obstacle avoidance algorithm. The use of multiple sensors makes it possible to limit the occlusion problem; in addition, the choice of non-wearable sensors goes in the direction of better operator comfort. A series of experimental tests were performed to verify the accuracy of skeleton detection and the ability of the system to avoid obstacles in real time. The human motion caption system, in particular, was validated through a comparison with a commercial system based on wearable IMU sensors widely used and validated in motion capture. There is an NRMSE of $$3.23\%$$

3.23
%

for the RGB-D camera-based skeleton detection system, against an NRMSE of $$12.23\%$$

12.23
%

for the IMU wearable sensor system. Test results confirm that the system is able to avoid collisions with the human body under various conditions, static or dynamic, ensuring a minimum safety distance to any part of the manipulator. In 44 tests in which the operator moves around the robot with possible collisions (at a speed typical of manufacturing operations), the minimum operator-robot distance averaged $$208\,\textrm{mm}$$

208

mm

, being $$200\,\textrm{mm}$$

200

mm

the limit safety distance set by algorithm.
“Cardiac glycosides”—quo vaditis?—past, present, and future?
Authors: Fender Julia , Klöcker Johanna , Boivin-Jahns Valérie , Ravens Ursula , Jahns Roland , Lorenz Kristina
Published: July 2024

Up to date, digitalis glycosides, also known as “cardiac glycosides”, are inhibitors of the Na+/K+-ATPase. They have a long-standing history as drugs used in patients suffering from heart failure and atrial fibrillation despite their well-known narrow therapeutic range and the intensive discussions on their raison d’être for these indications. This article will review the history and key findings in basic and clinical research as well as potentially overseen pros and cons of these drugs.
Facile biotic/abiotic sandwich detection system for the highly sensitive detection of human serum albumin and glycated albumin
Authors: Sunayama Hirobumi , Cheubong Chehasan , Takano Eri , Takeuchi Toshifumi
Published: July 2024

Quantifying glycated albumin (GA) levels in the blood is crucial for diagnosing diabetes because they strongly correlate with blood glucose concentration. In this study, a biotic/abiotic sandwich assay was developed for the facile, rapid, and susceptible detection of human serum albumin (HSA) and GA. The proposed sandwich detection system was assembled using a combination of two synthetic polymer receptors and natural antibodies. Molecularly imprinted polymer nanogels (MIP-NGs) for HSA (HSA-MIP-NGs) were used to mimic capture antibodies, whereas antibodies for HSA or GA were used as primary antibodies and fluorescent signaling MIP-NGs for the Fc domain of IgG (F-Fc-MIP-NGs) were used as a secondary antibody mimic to indicate the binding events. The HSA/anti-HSA/F-Fc-MIP-NGs complex, formed by incubating HSA and anti-HSA antibodies with F-Fc-MIP-NGs, was captured by HSA-MIP-NGs immobilized on the chips for fluorescence measurements. The analysis time was less than 30 min, and the limit of detection was 15 pM. After changing the anti-HSA to anti-GA (monoclonal antibody), the fluorescence response toward GA exceeded that of HSA, indicating successful GA detection using the proposed sandwich detection system. Therefore, the proposed system could change the detection property by changing a primary antibody, indicating that this system can be applied to various target proteins and, especially, be a powerful approach for facile and rapid analysis methods for proteins with structural similarity.

Graphical Abstract
Present and future of whole-body MRI in metastatic disease and myeloma: how and why you will do it
Authors: Lecouvet Frederic E. , Chabot Caroline , Taihi Lokmane , Kirchgesner Thomas , Triqueneaux Perrine , Malghem Jacques
Published: July 2024

Metastatic disease and myeloma present unique diagnostic challenges due to their multifocal nature. Accurate detection and staging are critical for determining appropriate treatment. Bone scintigraphy, skeletal radiographs and CT have long been the mainstay for the assessment of these diseases, but have limitations, including reduced sensitivity and radiation exposure. Whole-body MRI has emerged as a highly sensitive and radiation-free alternative imaging modality. Initially developed for skeletal screening, it has extended tumor screening to all organs, providing morphological and physiological information on tumor tissue. Along with PET/CT, whole-body MRI is now accepted for staging and response assessment in many malignancies. It is the first choice in an ever increasing number of cancers (such as myeloma, lobular breast cancer, advanced prostate cancer, myxoid liposarcoma, bone sarcoma, …). It has also been validated as the method of choice for cancer screening in patients with a predisposition to cancer and for staging cancers observed during pregnancy. The current and future challenges for WB-MRI are its availability facing this number of indications, and its acceptance by patients, radiologists and health authorities. Guidelines have been developed to optimize image acquisition and reading, assessment of lesion response to treatment, and to adapt examination designs to specific cancers. The implementation of 3D acquisition, Dixon method, and deep learning-based image optimization further improve the diagnostic performance of the technique and reduce examination durations. Whole-body MRI screening is feasible in less than 30 min. This article reviews validated indications, recent developments, growing acceptance, and future perspectives of whole-body MRI.
Evaluating [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 for the treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma in mice
Authors: Taddio Marco F. , Doshi Suraj , Masri Marwan , Jeanjean Pauline , Hikmat Firas , Gerlach Alana , Nyiranshuti Lea , Rosser Ethan W. , Schaue Dorthe , Besserer-Offroy Elie , Carlucci Giuseppe , Radu Caius G. , Czernin Johannes , Lückerath Katharina , Mona Christine E.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Fibroblast Activation Protein (FAP) is an emerging theranostic target that is highly expressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts and on certain tumor cells including sarcoma. We investigated the anti-tumor efficacy of [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 as monotherapy or in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in immunocompetent murine models of sarcoma sensitive or resistant to ICB.

Methods

[68Ga]Ga- and [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 were tested in subcutaneous FAP+ FSA fibrosarcoma bearing C3H/Sed/Kam mice. The efficacy of up to three cycles of 60 kBq [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 was evaluated as monotherapy and in combination with an anti-PD-1 antibody. Efficacy of [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 and/or ICB was further compared in FAP-overexpressing FSA (FSA-F) tumors that were sensitive to ICB or rendered ICB-resistant by tumor-induction in the presence of Abatacept.

Results

[225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 was well tolerated up to 3 × 60 kBq but had minimal effect on FSA tumor growth. The combination of three cycles [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 and ICB resulted in growth delay in 55% of mice (6/11) and partial tumor regression in 18% (2/11) of mice. In FSA-F tumors with FAP overexpression, both [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 and ICB were effective without additional benefits from the combination. In locally immunosuppressed and ICB resistant FAP-F tumors, however, [225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 restored responsiveness to ICB, resulting in significant tumor regression and tumor-free survival of 56% of mice in the combination group up to 60 days post treatment.

Conclusion

[225Ac]Ac-FAPI-46 efficacy is correlated with tumoral FAP expression levels and can restore responsiveness to PD-1 ICB. These data illustrate that careful patient selection based on target expression and rationally designed combination therapies are critically important to maximize the therapeutic impact of FAP-targeting radioligands.
Evaluation of a novel 177Lu-labelled therapeutic Affibody molecule with a deimmunized ABD domain and improved biodistribution profile
Authors: Liu Yongsheng , Oroujeni Maryam , Liao Yunqi , Vorobyeva Anzhelika , Bodenko Vitalina , Orlova Anna , Konijnenberg Mark , Carlqvist Matilda , Wahlberg Elisabet , Loftenius Annika , Frejd Fredrik Y , Tolmachev Vladimir
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Fusion of Affibody molecules with an albumin-binding domain (ABD) provides targeting agents, which are suitable for radionuclide therapy. To facilitate clinical translation, the low immunogenic potential of such constructs with targeting properties conserved is required.

Methods

The HER2-targeting Affibody molecule ZHER2:2891 was fused with a deimmunized ABD variant and DOTA was conjugated to a unique C-terminal cysteine. The novel construct, PEP49989, was labelled with 177Lu. Affinity, specificity, and in vivo targeting properties of [177Lu]Lu-PEP49989 were characterised. Experimental therapy in mice with human HER2-expressing xenografts was evaluated.

Results

The maximum molar activity of 52 GBq/µmol [177Lu]Lu-PEP49989 was obtained. [177Lu]Lu-PEP49989 bound specifically to HER2-expressing cells in vitro and in vivo. The HER2 binding affinity of [177Lu]Lu-PEP49989 was similar to the affinity of [177Lu]Lu-ABY-027 containing the parental ABD035 variant. The renal uptake of [177Lu]Lu-PEP49989 was 1.4-fold higher, but hepatic and splenic uptake was 1.7-2-fold lower than the uptake of [177Lu]Lu-ABY-027. The median survival of xenograft-bearing mice treated with 21 MBq [177Lu]Lu-PEP49989 (> 90 days) was significantly longer than the survival of mice treated with vehicle (38 days) or trastuzumab (45 days). Treatment using a combination of [177Lu]Lu-PEP49989 and trastuzumab increased the number of complete tumour remissions. The renal and hepatic toxicity was minimal to mild.

Conclusion

In preclinical studies, [177Lu]Lu-PEP49989 demonstrated favourable biodistribution and a strong antitumour effect, which was further enhanced by co-treatment with trastuzumab.
Dual-Plane Midface Lift Through Transoral and Transtemporal Approach
Authors: Gencer Mehmet , Kerem Metin , Sağlam Yunus , Tatar Burak Ergün
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The surge in the popularity of midface and temporal lifting procedures can be attributed to evolving social media trends and heightened patient expectations, particularly among younger individuals seeking “beautification” rather than traditional rejuvenation. Scarless techniques, such as transtemporal/transoral approaches, are increasingly preferred. This study aimed to combine the advantages of both superficial and deep dissection planes in midface and temporal lifting procedures.

Methods

This retrospective study included 184 patients who underwent surgery using a dual-plane midface and temporal lift technique. Preoperative and postoperative assessments, including P1/P2 ratio calculations, were performed to evaluate volumetric distribution in the midface.

Results

The study cohort exhibited a significant improvement in the P1/P2 ratio postoperatively (p < 0.05), indicating successful volume redistribution. Complications, including hypoesthesia, bruising, and infection, were managed effectively. Minor asymmetries were observed, with revisions offered, but declined by the patient.

Discussion

This technique offers hidden incisions and reduces the risk of scar-related complications, making it suitable for patients seeking facial enhancement. Addressing the tear trough area and the lateral canthus provides comprehensive facial rejuvenation. The dual-plane approach facilitates both skin mobilization and volume shift, yielding favorable aesthetic outcomes.

Conclusions

The dual-plane midface and temporal lift technique presented in this study offers a bi-vectoral approach to midfacial lifting, suitable for both beautification and rejuvenation goals. Despite the potential limitations, including infection risk, this method is an effective option for facial enhancement.

Level of Evidence II

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Selenium loaded sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol nanocomposite film as wound dressing: structural, optical, mechanical, antimicrobial properties and biocompatibility
Authors: Ibrahim Manar A. , Nasrallah Doaa A. , EL-Sayed Naglaa M. , Farag Omar F.
Published: July 2024

In the current research, synthesized Se-NPs were loaded into sodium alginate/polyvinyl alcohol SA/PVA blend, 1:2 (w:w), with different proportions to form nanocomposite films by using the solution casting method. The main goal is to enhance the physical and antibacterial properties of the polymer blend; therefore, it can be utilized for wound dressing applications. The physical aspects of the prepared films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), atomic force microscope (AFM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), UV–Vis spectroscopic technique, and mechanical analysis to show the effect of increasing the concentration of Se-NPs from zero to 0.5 wt% on their properties. Regarding the XRD analysis, the calculated values of lattice strain ($$\varepsilon$$
ε
) increased from 0.005 to 0.013. The FTIR absorption spectrum recorded an intensity reduction and position shift in the main characteristic peaks of SA/PVA. The morphology of Se-NPs revealed a spherical shape with a mean diameter of 131.76 nm, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface morphological images showed the appearance of a few cracks; besides, the average roughness increased from 1.59 to 2.08 nm. According to the UV–Vis spectroscopic analysis, the optical band gap reduces (from 5.425 to 5.216 eV) for the direct transition and from (5.07–4.78 eV) for the indirect transition, which is an indication of the interaction between Se-NPs and SA/PVA blend. Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and yield strength of the films increased with the addition of selenium nanoparticles. On the other hand, the amount of selenium release significantly increased with enhancing the concentration of Se-NPs in SA/PVA blend film from 0.1 to 0.5 wt%. Additionally, the inclusion of Se-NPs supplied the polymer blend with excellent antimicrobial activity, which would remove the possibility of microbial infection at the wound site. Moreover, the prepared SA/PVA/Se nanocomposite films have good biocompatibility with Human Skin Fibroblast (HSF). The results suggest the potential of this nanocomposite to be used in wound dressing applications.
Physical Zero-Knowledge Proof for Sukoro
Authors: Sasaki Shun , Shinagawa Kazumasa
Published: July 2024

A zero-knowledge proof protocol is a cryptographic protocol in which a prover, who knows the witness to a statement, can convince a verifier that the statement is true without revealing any information about the witness. Although zero-knowledge proof protocols are typically executed on electronic computers, there is a line of research to design zero-knowledge proof protocols based on physical objects (e.g., a deck of cards). This is called physical zero-knowledge proof. In this paper, we construct a physical zero-knowledge proof protocol for a logical puzzle called Sukoro. Sukoro has many cells on the puzzle board, like Sudoku, where each cell must be empty or filled with a number from one to four, and each number must match the number of adjacent filled cells, and the same numbers must not be adjacent to each other. In addition, it has a rule that all filled cells must be connected, which is called the connectivity condition. Although some existing protocols deal with the connectivity condition, all existing methods are interactive, which requires the prover’s knowledge to determine how the cards are manipulated during the execution of the protocols. In this paper, we give a new method for verifying the connectivity condition in the non-interactive setting, which means that the protocol can be executed without the prover’s knowledge, and construct a physical zero-knowledge proof protocol for Sukoro.
Assessing the suitability of video-assisted anal fistula treatment for obese patients compared to conventional surgery: a question worth investigating
Authors: Tang Xiao-Li , Xu Zi-Yang , Yang Jun , Yang Zhe , Wang Zhi-Gang , Zhang Zheng-Yun , Yao Jing
Published: July 2024

Background and aims

Video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT) is an innovative surgical approach enabling the direct visualization of the fistula tract structure. This study aims to assess the efficacy of VAAFT in comparison with that of traditional surgical methods and explore potential risk factors contributing to fistula recurrence to provide new recommendations for surgical selection.

Materials and methods

Information was collected from 100 patients with complex anal fistula (CAF) in our hospital who underwent surgical treatment from January 2021 to January 2023. We compared the baseline information and surgical outcomes of two groups, analyzed the risk factors for fistula recurrence by using logistic regression analysis, and conducted further exploration by using the body mass index.

Results

Equal numbers of patients underwent VAAFT and traditional surgeries, and no significant differences in baseline information were observed. Patients who received VAAFT experienced less intraoperative bleeding (15.5 (14.0–20.0) vs. 32.0 (25.0–36.0)), shorter hospital stays (2.0 (2.0–2.5) vs. 3.0 (3.0–3.5)), reduced postoperative pain and wound discharge, but longer operative times (43.3 ± 6.9 vs. 35.0 (31.5–40.0)) compared with patients who underwent traditional surgeries. No significant differences in recurrence rates were found three and six months after operation (thep-values were 0.790 and 0.806, respectively). However, the Wexner scores of the VAAFT group were significantly low in the first follow-up (0 (0–1.0) vs. 2.0 (1.0–2.0)). Postoperative recurrence of fistulas may be associated with obesity (p-value = 0.040), especially in patients undergoing traditional surgeries (p-value = 0.036).

Conclusion

VAAFT offers advantages, such as less pain, less trauma, and faster recovery, compared with traditional surgical treatment. Obese patients with CAF are prone to recurrence, and we recommend that they undergo VAAFT treatment rather than traditional surgeries.
Fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation for knee full-thickness articular cartilage lesions using femoral head of living donors: short-term results
Authors: Soubih Hesham Ossama , Al-Saed Ahmed M. , Ghazaly Sherif A. El , Sobhy Mohamed H. , Kamel Muhammad Elsayed , Ebied Wessam Fakhry , Haroun Haitham K.
Published: July 2024

Background

Fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation is a good treatment option of cartilage defects. However, this treatment option is not available in all countries due to limited graft availability and tissue banks limitations. The purpose of this study is to assess the short term functional and imaging outcomes of fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation in the knee using the femoral head of living donors.

Hypothesis

Fresh osteochondral allografts from the femoral heads of living donors is a valid graft source for management of distal Femur cartilage defects. This technique can improve functional knee scores with good radiological outcomes.

Study Design

Prospective case series.

Methods

Fifteen patients with full thickness cartilage defects of the distal femur underwent osteochondral allograft transplantation from the femoral heads of living donors. Grafts were transplanted by both shell and multiple dowels techniques. The average follow up duration was 18.3 months (range, 12–25 months). Patients were evaluated by Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, radiography and MR imaging using Osteochondral Allograft MRI Scoring System (OCAMRISS).

Results

There was a statistically significant improvement (P < 0.001) in both Lysholm and IKDC average scores at 6 months and 12 months postoperative. Postoperative MRI was done at an average 6.8 months (range, 5–11 months) postoperative. The mean total OCAMRISS score was 3.4 (range, 1–7). A second look arthroscopy was done in four patients and showed intact articular cartilage in all three patients.

Conclusion

Femoral head of living donors is a valid new source for fresh osteochondral allograft transplantation of knee osteochondral lesions. Short term results showed improvement in clinical assessment scores. Follow up imaging showed graft incorporation and good MRI scores.
Scaphocapitate arthrodesis with lunate preservation for Kienböck’s disease: prospective outcomes study
Authors: Hegazy Galal , Fouaad Amro A. , El-Sadek Rashed Emam , Zayed Emad , Saqr Yasser , Alshal Ehab
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The study evaluated the efficacy of SC arthrodesis with lunate preservation for treating patients diagnosed with stage IIIB or IIIC Kienböck’s disease, who also exhibit neutral ulnar variance. The study further aimed to explore potential variations in outcomes between patients diagnosed with stage IIIB and IIIC Kienböck’s disease.

Methods

Thirty-two patients diagnosed with stage IIIB (n = 19) and stage IIIC (n = 13) Kienböck’s disease underwent SC arthrodesis with distal radius bone grafting stabilised by Herbert compression screws. All participants underwent pre- and post-operative assessments including VAS score for pain, ROM, grip strength, MMWS, and the Quick DASH score. Additionally, RS angle, LHI ratio, and CHI ratio were assessed.

Results

For all patients, the mean operative time was 73 min, follow-up was 45.6 months, time to union was 14 weeks, and time to full return to work was 24 weeks. The rate of union at the arthrodesis site was 91% (29 out of 32 patients) whilst the incidence of postoperative degenerative arthritis was 36% (8 out of 32 patients). Regarding changes in the means of outcomes from pre- to post-operatively, the VAS score decreased from 8.2 to 1.3 and grip strength improved from 36 to 79%. The RS angle was corrected from 59° to 50°. Significant improvements were noted in the mean MMWS from 45 to 75 and QuickDASH score from 78 to 21. However, no significant changes were observed in ROM, LHI, and CHI. There were no significant differences between patients with stage IIIB and stage IIIC in terms of these parameters, except for differences observed in the RS angle, LHI, and CHI preoperatively and in LHI and CHI postoperatively.

Conclusion

Evidence level: II.

Our research demonstrates that SC arthrodesis is a valuable approach for reducing pain, improving grip strength, and enhancing overall function in individuals with advanced Kienböck’s disease. Importantly, our results indicate no notable differences in outcomes between patients diagnosed with stage IIIB or IIIC Kienböck’s disease.
Reviewing hereditary connective tissue disorders: Proposals of harmonic medicolegal assessments
Authors: Galante Nicola , Bedeschi Maria Francesca , Beltrami Benedetta , Bailo Paolo , Silva Palomino Laura Alicia , Piccinini Andrea
Published: July 2024

Hereditary connective tissue disorders (HCTDs) are a heterogeneous group of inherited diseases. These disorders show genetic mutations with loss of function of primary components of connective tissue, such as collagen and elastic fibers. There are more than 200 conditions that involve hereditary connective tissue disorders, while the most known are Marfan syndrome, Osteogenesis Imperfecta, and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes. These disorders need continuous updates, multidisciplinary skills, and specific methodologic evaluations sharing many medicolegal issues. Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndromes show a high risk of early sudden death. As a consequence of this, postmortem genetic testing can identify novel genotype–phenotype correlations which help the clinicians to assess personalized cardiovascular screening programs among the ill subjects. Genetic testing is also essential to identify children suffering from Osteogenesis Imperfecta, especially when a physical abuse is clinically suspected. However, this is a well-known clinical problem even though there are still challenges to interpret genetic data and variants of unknown significance due to the current extensive use of new genetic/genomic techniques. Additionally, the more significant applications and complexities of genomic testing raise novel responsibilities on the clinicians, geneticists, and forensic practitioners as well, increasing potential liability and medical malpractice claims. This systematic review provides a detailed overview on how multidisciplinary skills belonging to clinicians, medicolegal consultants, radiologists, and geneticists can cooperate to manage HCTDs from autopsy or clinical findings to genetic testing. Thus, technical aspects need to be addressed to the medicolegal community since there is no consensus works or guidelines which specifically discuss these issues.