bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural insights into how Cas9 targets nucleosomes
Authors: Nureki Osamu , Nagamura Reina , Kusakizako Tsukasa , Hirano Hisato , Kujirai Tomoya , Kato Junko , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , Endo Masaki , Toki Seiichi , Saika Hiroaki
Published: September 2024

The CRISPR-associated endonuclease Cas9 is used as a genome editing, which targets specific genomic loci by single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). In eukaryotes, genome DNA is stored in chromatin, in which the nucleosome is a basic unit. Despite previous structural analyses focusing on Cas9 cleaving free DNA, structural insights into Cas9 targeting of DNA within nucleosomes are limited, leading to uncertainties in understanding how Cas9 operates in the eukaryotic genome. In the present study, we found that Cas9 targets the linker DNA and the entry-exit DNA region of the nucleosome but does not the DNA tightly wrapped around the histone octamer. We determined cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the Cas9-sgRNA-nucleosome ternary complex that targets linker DNA in nucleosomes. The structure suggested interactions between Cas9 and nucleosomes at multiple sites, and mutants that reduced the interaction between nucleosomal DNA and Cas9 improved nucleosomal DNA cleavage activity both in vitro and in vivo. These findings will contribute to the development of novel genome editing tools in chromatin.
Leveraging Generative AI and CAD Automation for Efficient Automotive Wheel Design with Limited Data
Authors: Li Kun-Ying , Huang Cheng-Kai , Chen Qing-Wei , Zhang Hsuan-Cheng , Tang Tsann-Tay
Published: September 2024

This study developed a method that leverages generative artificial intelligence and automated computer-aided design (CAD) technologies for the design of automotive wheel rims. First, numerous two-dimensional (2D) wheel rim designs are automatically generated by inputting prompts into Stable Diffusion, an image generation model, without predefining design parameters and constraints. Subsequently, the reasonableness of the generated 2D designs is examined, and reasonable designs are transformed into three-dimensional CAD models. The proposed method completes model training with a small amount of data and simultaneously establishes a mechanism for verifying the reasonableness of data generation, achieving reliable wheel rim design generation. Compared to existing big data methods, this approach is more easily applicable to industrial applications.
Evolutionary Generative Adversarial Networks for Detecting Novel Polymorphic Ransomware
Authors: Arlowe Matthew , Fitzpatrick David , Brannon Christopher
Published: September 2024

The increasing sophistication of polymorphic ransomware has presented significant challenges to traditional detection systems, which often rely on static signatures and heuristic patterns. The novel approach outlined in this article leverages a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) framework enhanced with evolutionary algorithms to dynamically detect previously unseen ransomware variants. Through adversarial training, the generator produces synthetic ransomware samples that closely mimic real-world behaviors, allowing the discriminator to refine its detection accuracy over time. The evolutionary aspect introduces variation and selection mechanisms, enabling the model to continuously adapt and evolve in response to new threats. Experimental results demonstrated superior detection rates, recall, and adaptability, particularly in detecting highly obfuscated ransomware strains, compared to traditional models. Although computationally intensive, the model’s scalability and ability to generalize across a diverse range of ransomware families make it an ideal candidate for high-risk environments where detection precision is paramount.
CELIAC DISEASE AND ITS IMPACT ON AUTOIMMUNE THYROID
Authors:   Medical Officer, Thrissur Medical College Hospital, Thrissur., Chandra Ponath Sivan Nidhi , Gopalakrishnan Rishi ,   Registrar Respiratory Medicine, Hillingdon Hospital NHS Trust, Uxbridge, United Kingdom., Chembodi Gopalakrishnan Aswin ,   Junior Resident Neurology, Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church Medical College, Kolenchery, India., Zareen Zohara Z. ,   Independent researcher, 10a, Needham Road, IP14 2AN, United Kingdom.
Published: September 2024

The small intestinal condition known as Celiac Disease (CD) or gluten-sensitive enteropathy is brought on by the bodys immune system reacting to gluten consumption. In populations in the West, it is quite prevalent, with an incidence of 1%. Patients with autoimmune thyroid illness, type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune liver diseases, and inflammatory bowel disease have been observed to have a higher prevalence of CD among autoimmune disorders. Autoimmune thyroid diseases are more common in persons with CD, with hypothyroidism being more common than hyperthyroidism. Examining the frequency of CD in patients with ATD was the goal of this investigation. Adopting a Gluten-Free Diet (GFD) promotes the development of related disorders and enhances the entire therapeutic course. Certain conditions, including iron deficiency anaemia, are made worse by the GFD and eventually go away. This makes it possible to better regulate diseases like type 1 diabetes mellitus. Adequate GFD compliance may also slow down the progression of various other problems and/or related disorders, particularly if started early.
A MODEL OF ECOLOGICAL CHARCOAL PRODUCTION THROUGH HERBACEAOUS PLANTS IN THE URBAN COMMUNE OF NZEREKORE, REPUBLIC OF GUINEA
Authors:   Universite de NZerekore, Departement dHydrologie, NZerekore, Guinee., Keita Oumar , Diallo Alhassane ,   Universite de NZerekore, Departement des Ressources Naturelles et Environnement, NZerekore, Guinee., Camara Yacouba ,   Institut Superieur de Technologie de Mamou, Departement Energetique, Mamou, Guinee., Conte Seydouba ,   Universite de NZerekore, Departement des Ressources Naturelles et Environnement, NZerekore, Guinee., 1 Diallo Alhassane ,   Universite de NZerekore, Departement des Ressources Naturelles et Environnement, NZerekore, Guinee.
Published: September 2024

The world is confronted to various environmental problems caused by anthropogenic activities, mainly deforestation. This is why promoting the use of herbaceous plants in charcoal production will contribute to the fight against deforestation. In this paper we propose a simple model for producing ecological charcoal using herbaceous plants. The choice of the herbaceous species, the collection, weighing, drying, carbonization, crushing, sieving, kneading, compacting and drying of the briquettes are the different process which allowed us to produce this ecological charcoal based on herbaceous plants. 180kg of soaked weight of herbaceous gave us 90kg of dry weight, carbonized and crushed we obtained 8kg of powder and 1 kg of residue. These 8 kg of herbaceous powder allowed us to produce 156 briquettes of charcoal. A comparison of the physicochemical parameters of our ecological charcoal was made with the charcoal consumed in the urban commune of Nzerekore (wood charcoal). The Results showed that our produced charcoal model releases heat more slowly than wood charcoal, heats up more slowly than wood charcoal and its maximum temperature and heat quantity are higher than that of wood charcoal. The maximum temperature (98.9Â°C) is reached at 20 minutes for ecological charcoal (charcoal from herbaceous plants) and 97.9Â°C at 10 minutes for wood charcoal.
COMPARATIVE RADIATION DOSIMETRY OF WHOLE BREAST RADIOTHERAPY USING IMRT AND VMAT TECHNIQUES IN LEFT SIDED BREAST CANCER PATIENTS AFTER BREAST CONSERVING SURGERY
Authors: N. Agrawal Veenu , Shewalkar B. K. , Patil Aakanksha , Govindrao More Swapnil , G. Naveena , Khadilkar Hrishikesh
Published: September 2024

Background:The radiotherapy of left sided breast cancers is mandatory and integral part of treatment and challenging because of surrounding critical structures posing increased risk of complications. The main objective of this study was to quantify doses toorgan at risk(OARs) including left lung, heart, contralateral breast, spinal cord, and planning target volume (PTV) using different radiation techniques like Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT)&volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and comparison of radiation dosimetry. Methods: A prospective study of 30 patients of left sided breast cancer who had undergone Breast Conservative Surgery (BCS) and chemotherapy was done for adjuvant radiation. For every patient radiation planning was done by two different techniques IMRT and VMAT. Then the comparison of radiation dosimetry parameters was done for all the techniques including the parameters like PTV coverage, doses to OAR like heart, left lung, contralateral breast and spinal cord and head of humerus. The Homogenity Index (HI) were calculated. Result: The Mean age of the patient was 46.7 years. When comparing the doses delivered in IMRT and VMAT Technique for left sided breast cancer post breast conservation surgery there was significant difference in PTV Breast and axilla V95 Gy. It was 96.2Â±1.9% (IMRT) vs 94.8Â±1.71% (VMAT), (p=0.004). However significant sparing of Organs at Risk was seen. With ipsilateral lung dose mean V5 Gy was 77.86Â± 9.68% (IMRT) v/s 83.04Â± 9.86 % (VMAT), (p=0.0446). Also mean V30 Gy was 14.6Â±4.82% with IMRT vs 16.54Â±5.86% with VMAT, (p=0.0169). Heart mean dose was 8.8Â±1.49 Gy with IMRT and 10.98Â±3.7 Gy with VMAT, (p=0.0227). Further V30 Gy for Heart was 4.61Â±3.8% with IMRT and 6.72Â±4.0% with VMAT, (p=0.0132).No significant difference was seen with IMRT and VMAT technique for contralateral lung, contralateral breast and spinal cord. Conclusion: In treatment of patients with radiation with left breast cancer patients post BCS using IMRT and VMAT technique it is seen significant dose reduction with IMRT Technique for ipsilateral lung and Heart as compared to VMAT technique. Significant V95 coverage for PTV Breast and axilla with IMRT as compared to VMAT. Hence in our Study IMRT technique was found to be superior for better sparing of Organ at risk and better PTV coverage.
THE IMPACT OF VISUAL CONTENT ON CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT AND BUYING BEHAVIOR IN HERAT PROVINCE: A SOCIAL MEDIA PERSPECTIVE
Authors:   Department of Economic and Management, Jami University, Afghanistan., Basir Ahmad Ayoubi Sayed , Sadiqi Assadullah ,   Department of Economic and Management, Jami University, Afghanistan.
Published: September 2024

In the rapidly evolving digital landscape of Herat province, Afghanistan, the role of social media and digital marketing has become increasingly significant. This study investigates the impact of visual content on consumer engagement and buying behavior, focusing on how various forms of visual media, such as images and videos, influence consumer trust and purchase decisions. A quantitative research design was employed, with data collected from 500 social media users in Herat province through a structured questionnaire. The findings indicate that visual content, particularly high-quality images and videos, significantly influences consumer trust and engagement. The study also reveals that user-generated content (UGC) is more trusted by consumers than brand-generated content. Additionally, visually oriented social media platforms like Instagram and YouTube are more effective in driving consumer engagement and purchasing decisions compared to less visual platforms. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis confirmed the strong relationships between visual content engagement, content quality perception, consumer trust, and buying behavior. The results highlight the importance of high-quality, culturally relevant visual content in building consumer trust and influencing purchasing behavior. This study provides valuable insights for local businesses in Herat to optimize their digital marketing strategies and enhance consumer engagement.
Allometric modelling to estimate the leaf area of purslane (Portulaca umbraticola Kunth.)
Authors: Pessoa Angela Maria dos Santos , Ribeiro João Everthon da Silva , Nunes Glauber Henrique de Sousa , da Silveira Lindomar Maria , Medeiros Artur Mendes , Pessoa Rosa Maria dos Santos , Rêgo Elizanilda Ramalho do
Published: September 2024

Portulaca umbraticola is a species that has several uses, including ornamental. Among the variables measured in ornamental plants are the biometric data of the leaves, which can be obtained through image analysis, using indirect method, which is simple, accurate and economically viable. This work aimed to propose equations obtained by mathematical models to estimate the leaf area of P. umbraticola. The study was conducted at the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN, Brazil. Three hundred leaves of each of the five genotypes of P. umbraticola were evaluated for length, width, product between length and width, and leaf area. Determination and correlation coefficients, Akaike information criterion, Willmott agreement index, coefficient of variation, normality using the Shapiro-Wilk test, principal components and Student's t-test were used to systematize the data. Descriptive measurements obtained from the leaf blades of P. umbraticola showed variability between genotypes, demonstrating that the sample was representative for the population analyzed. The regression models obtained were linear and potential. Allometric equations can be used to estimate leaf area in P. umbraticola, and the recommended equations are ŷ = 0.356*L (R² = 0.91) for length, ŷ = 1.665*W (R² = 0.90) for width and ŷ = 0.016 × 0.0711*LW (R² = 0.99), ŷ = 0.715*LW (R² = 0.99) and ŷ = 0.724*LW (R² = 0.99) for the relationship between leaf length and width. The equations to estimate the leaf area of P. umbraticola showed excellent data fits, with values of R² = 0.993 and little dispersion of the data.
Expanding agricultural potential through biological nitrogen fixation: Recent advances and diversity of diazotrophic bacteria
Authors: de Lima Julliane Destro , de Souza Adijailton José , Nunes Amanda Letícia Pit , Rivadavea Wesley Ribeiro , Zaro Geovanna Cristina , da Silva Glacy Jaqueline
Published: September 2024

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by diazotrophic bacteria is one of the oldest and most crucial processes in nature. In this process, bacteria form symbiotic associations with plants, capturing atmospheric nitrogen and making it readily available to them. The diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is vast. Recent advancements in molecular biology techniques have enabled the identification of new genera and species capable of fixing nitrogen and providing other types of nutrients for plants. From an agronomic perspective, this process is fundamental in increasing crop productivity sustainably and -cost-effectively. This review aims to categorize the most recent updates on the diversity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and showcase the main advances in the genetic improvement of legumes for this characteristic. Recent research has revealed a wide diversity of species applicable to various crops of agronomic interest, and many of these bacteria have been used either alone or in consortium with other microorganisms. This study demonstrates the agricultural potential of these new discoveries and the vast possibilities for expanding research into the diversity of microorganisms responsible for BNF in agriculture.
Comparative analysis of colchicine and bio-catharanthine as mutagenic agents for polyploid generation in wild passion fruit (Passiflora foetida)
Authors: Kasim Nurlina , Sjahril Rinaldi , Riadi Muh , Syaiful Syatrianty A. , Ngatimin Sri Nur Aminah , Maming  , Syahriati  , Pratiwi Anggi , Anwar Irnawati , Kasmiati
Published: September 2024

Wild type Passiflora foetida or a bush passion fruit is unappealing plant with small fruit size (2-3 cm) to be cultivated as a fruit crop. Plant breeding by polyploidization may improve plant production including increase the fruit size. Many researchers have used colchicine as plant chromosome-modifying agent for polyploidization. However, this potent mutagen is very expensive in developing countries and toxic. Hence, an alternative mutagen needs to be considered, such as the natural bio-catharanthine. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of colchicine and bio-catharanthine mutagens in polyploidization of P. foetida plants. Experiment was arranged in split-plot design with three replications. Main plot was combination of the mutagens and concentrations, the subplot was soaking durations. Twenty-five seeds each were soaked for 1-, 2- and 3-days in distilled water as control, colchicine (0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%) and bio-catharanthine (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) solutions. Result showed, bio-catharanthine concentration of 1% at immersion durations of 3-days and 1.5% at 1-, 2- and 3-days could only produce 89, 56, 74, and 71% grade 1 mixoploid plants accordingly. On the other hand, colchicine succeeded in obtaining tetraploid plants at concentration of 0.15% with 3-days soaking time even though at lower result (5%). Lower colchicine concentrations with shorter or the same soaking period could only produce 5% grade 2 mixoploid plants. Colchicine with one-tenth lower concentration than bio-catharanthine concentration is still more efficient in inducing polyploidy. Further research by involving bio-catharanthine concentration and varying the soaking time must be pursued to obtain higher-level ploidy.
Evaluation of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) productivity on peatlands based on DRIS analysis of leaf nutrient content in Siak District of Indonesia
Authors: Mubarok Husni , Sudradjat  , Agusta Herdhata , Pulunggono Heru Bagus
Published: September 2024

Indonesia is the largest producer of oil palm in the world, with Riau Province particularly Siak District being the major contributor. The study focused on oil palm plantations within Siak District, characterized by a tropical rainforest climate of high humidity. The soil type in this area was a peatland with sapric and hemic maturity. The planting material used primarily consists of the DxP Marihat variety, which was planted between 1995-2005, with an average potential fresh fruit bunch productivity of 29.00 tons/ha/year. Variations in nutrient contents in oil palm leaf were observed across each block of the study location. Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) analysis was conducted on found number 17 to determine the key nutrients required to increase oil palm productivity. This method consists of several stages, including norm analysis, DRIS index, nutrient balance index (NBI), optimum leaf nutrient value, and leaf nutrient interval. Data was obtained from 312 leaf nutrient analyses and fresh fruit bunch productivity across 39 blocks for the period between 2015 and 2022. A value of 26.33 tons/ha/year, derived from DRIS norm calculation, indicated the border between high and low productivity blocks. The results showed that the order of macronutrient and micronutrient requirements in high productivity blocks was N>P>K>Ca>Mg and B>Cu>Zn, while in low productivity blocks, it was Ca>Mg>N>K>P and B>Cu>Zn. Regression of DRIS index and leaf nutrient content obtained optimum nutrient values of 2.78%, 0.16%, 1.02%, 0.66%, 0.35%, 29.51 ppm, 3.65 ppm, and 15.37 ppm for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, and Zn, respectively. Therefore, nutrients Ca and B were prioritized to increase the achievement of oil palm fresh fruit bunch productivity.
Diversity of endomycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Helianthemum ledifolium in the Bni Guil area (Eastern Morocco)
Authors: Bouchentouf Halima , Chafai Wissame , Rejmil El hassane , Bechchari Abdelmajid , Ahmed Khalid
Published: September 2024

This work aimed to study the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and ectomycorrhizal fungi (ECM) present in the rhizosphere of Helianthemum ledifolium in the Bni Guil area (Figuig Province, Morocco), known for its arid climate and desert truffle production. Soil samples from the rhizosphere of Helianthemum ledifolium were taken for spore extraction, while the roots of this host plant were sampled for root observation. The results of this study showed that the density of spores extracted by wet sieving was 165 spores per 50g of the soil. Identification of these spores indicated the presence of 37 species, belonging to three AMF families (Glomeraceae, Acaulosporaceae, and Claroideoglomeraceae) and one ECM family (Cistaceae). The Glomus and Acaulospora genera are the most dominant, with 17 and 14 species, respectively, compared with the other genera. In addition, the frequency of occurrence of the Glomus genus is higher (50%) than that of the other fungal genera present, especially the Terfezia genus, reflecting the scarcity of desert truffles in recent decades. The results of root observations showed the presence of ectomycorrhization with a typical Hartig network and no fungal mantle, despite the dominance of AMF fungi, indicating some host specificity towards ECM fungi.
Control de convencionalidad del marco jurídico para la paz y los derechos de las víctimas
Authors: Gómez Gutiérrez Herman , Dorado Zúñiga Ofelia
Published: September 2024

El presente estudio, gira en torno al desarrollo de la Justicia Tran­sicional y el Control de convencionalidad que contiene un vacío norma­tivo existente en el Marco Jurídico para la Paz (Acto legislativo 01 del 2012) en relación con los parámetros consagrados en la Convención Americana de Derechos Humanos, teniendo en cuenta que no se in­corporó una clasificación detallada de los delitos políticos al momento de dar aplicación a los acuerdos realizados dentro del proceso de paz, lo que generaría graves violaciones a los derechos humanos de las vícti­mas ya que no se garantiza bajo los estándares internacionales (verdad, justicia, reparación y garantías de no repetición) considerados como los pilares sobre los cuales se estructura el proceso de paz en Colombia con el fin de resarcir las víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano.
Colombia y la cooperación sur-sur: estrategia de posicionamiento internacional propia o de apoyo a la hegemonía estadounidense
Authors: Quintero Cordero Sara Patricia
Published: September 2024

Los cambios económicos presentados en el mundo a fines del siglo xx e inicios del xxi exponen un surgimiento de relaciones en el sistema internacional en donde las hegemonías se diluyen en medio de un mundo multipolar, lo cual permite la consolidación de una «agenda global» compartida por variados actores que unidos, con una mayor simetría y fortalecimiento en acciones de Cooperacion Internacional al desarrollo fomentan operaciones de la cooperación sur-sur (CSS). En este sentido Colombia debe enfrentar la decisión de consolidarse en líder regional a través de la cooperación interna­cional o mantener su papel como elemento de la política exterior estadounidense.
Reglas para determinar la competencia jurisdiccional entre la justicia penal militar y ordinaria por los hechos susceptibles de investigación penal que sean endilgados a los miembros de la fuerza pública de Colombia
Authors: Pacheco Galvis Yiliber
Published: September 2024

Se plantea la problemática existente en el conflicto de compe- tencias entre la jurisdicción ordinaria y la jurisdicción penal militar, teniendo como pregunta de investigación ¿cómo operan las reglas de competencia jurisdiccional en la justicia penal militar y justicia ordinaria frente a conflictos de competencia? Se determina cómo operan las reglas de competencia jurisdiccional en la justicia penal militar y justicia ordinaria para conocer sobre los hechos que gene- ran afectaciones a bienes jurídicamente protegidos por el derecho penal, y se describen las reglas de competencia jurisdiccional en la justicia penal militar. Se describen las reglas de competencia jurisdic- cional en la justicia ordinaria. Se Explica cómo se pueden aplicar re- glas de competencia de las jurisdicciones en conflicto. Para concluir que las reglas de arraigo jurisprudencial afectan el debido proceso y la presunción de inocencia.
Relación jurídica entre las telecomunicaciones y algunos derechos fundamentales constitucionalizados en Colombia
Authors: Sánchez Ortíz Estephania
Published: September 2024

El presente artículo analiza la relación jurídica de las telecomunicaciones como un servicio público desde la regulación normativa en el país, para ello se realizará un breve recorrido histórico de las telecomunicaciones en Colombia, con especial énfasis en la cobertura y acceso universal, lo que conlleva a determinar la incidencia de este servicio público sobre algunos derechos fundamentales, entre los que se encuentran, la dignidad humana, educación y administración de justicia.
Materialización de la Constitución política: una propuesta de estrategia pedagógica
Authors: Pacheco Galvis Yiliber
Published: September 2024

Se plantea la necesidad de lograr la materialización de la Constitución Política de Colombia, la pregunta problema propuesta es ¿Cómo lograr la materialización de la constitución política de Colombia de 1991 desde el proceso formativo o educativo en los dife- rentes estadios de aprendizaje de la persona? para resolver la anterior se determina cómo lograr la materialización de la constitución po- lítica de Colombia de 1991 desde el proceso formativo o educativo en los diferentes estadios de aprendizaje de la persona, se divide el trabajo en la delimitación de las instituciones jurídicas que pueden ser objeto de materialización en la educación según los estadios de aprendizaje de las personas; en el establecer los lineamientos peda- gógicos para la enseñanza de la constitución política de Colombia en los diferentes estadios del aprendizaje, y por último, se presenta un diseño de la estrategia pedagógica desde el enfoque de dilemas éticos en cada uno de los estadios de aprendizaje de la persona como respuesta la pregunta de investigación.
Indonesia’s Spice-Based Gastrodiplomacy: Australia and Africa Continents as the Potential Markets
Authors: Yayusman Meilinda Sari , Mulyasari Prima Nurahmi
Published: September 2024

The history of the spice route has left a legacy in Indonesia and the rest of the world. To date, Indonesia continues to be a major global player in the spice trade. Pepper, nutmeg, cloves, mace, and cinnamon were the country’s primary exports. Food may foster cross-cultural understanding, which can enhance international cooperation and engagement. Thus, foods rich in spices can be an asset for Indonesia’s gastrodiplomacy. In collaboration with various non-state actors and coordinated by Indonesia‘s Coordinating Ministry of Maritime and Investment Affairs, the Indonesian government has developed an ambitious gastrodiplomacy strategy called ”Indonesia Spice Up the World” (ISUTW). Despite possible hurdles, Australia and Africa could be potential markets for further implementation of ISUTW. The research aims to answer the following questions: 1) To what extent has Indonesia promoted its spice-based gastrodiplomacy? and 2) What are the opportunities and challenges of Indonesia‘s spice-based gastrodiplomacy for the Australian and African markets? The research employs a mixed-method approach, including surveys to gather data about Indonesian cuisine businesses operating in Australia. This research incorporates a literature analysis, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions with both state and non-state actors to strengthen the study, particularly in the context of the African market. Indonesia's gastrodiplomacy strategy, centered around spices, is suggested to prioritize Australia and Africa by leveraging cultural connections and existing market presence to effectively promote Indonesian gastronomy globally.
Dynamic pupillometry system
Authors: Bim Camila , Andrade Canestri Jean , Guimarães Ricardo , Pinotti Marcos
Published: September 2024

The phenomena of miosis (constriction) and mydriasis (dilation) of the pupil are exhibited in response to varying levels of light intensity cast upon the eye. In general, the size and responsiveness of the human pupil are under the regulatory purview of the nervous system. Consequently, the study of the pupil offers a means to discern potential abnormalities in the human organism, as it permits an assessment of the nervous system’s behavior. However, the comprehension of pupillary dynamics remains incomplete in certain facets, and methodologies for enhancing diagnostic precision continue to evolve, primarily contingent upon current technological equipment advancements. Thus, the imperative lies in the advancement of technologies that meet these research needs, as the scrutiny of pupillary responses holds the capability to detect anomalies within the human body. Hence, the objective of this endeavor is to conduct preliminary trials of a dynamic pupillometry system, designed to both stimulate and capture images of human pupils, facilitating an investigation into their behavioral patterns. The findings elucidate various pupillary parameters and reveal significant alterations in pupillary conduct, thereby contributing to the advancement of research and technologies within the realm of pupillometry. Thus, this study undertakes an innovative exploration into pupillometry, particularly regarding stimuli of varying wavelengths, thereby providing improvements on the diagnostic, prognostic and preventive capacity with heightened reliability, given the pupil’s size and its reactions cannot be manipulated or falsified since they are involuntary.
Paradoxes of Historical Consciousness in Ulaanbaatar Monumental Sculpture. Ideological Function of Monuments in the Context of “Mongolian National Revival” in the 21st Сentury
Authors:   Mongolian State University of Arts and Culture, Yaylenko Evgeny V. , Uranchimeg Dorjsuren ,   Mongolian State University of Arts and Culture
Published: September 2024

This article deals with Ulaanbaatar monumental sculptures which have been produced during the course of the last 20 years. It studies various processes typical of the socio-political and cultural life of present-day Mongolia that impressed greatly content as well as style of many monuments erected in honor of the outstanding leaders of this country. The core idea of these artworks consists in developing the concept of the national identity which became characteristic of the spiritual life of Mongolia after the Democratic Revolution of 1990. In its turn, this concept is based on specific interpretation of Mongolia’s historical past which is focused on the figure of Chingis khan as an embodiment of the national idea. The establishment of his cult in the democratic country with market economy forms an essential element in the process designated in this article as “Mongolian national revival”. Within the general framework of the state cultural policy, this tendency found its expression in erecting a wide range of various monuments dedicated to the Great Khan as well as other rulers of mediaeval Mongolia. On the other hand, it’s also evident that this policy implies an idea of historical continuity that provides a link between different epochs of Mongolian history. This leads to the conclusion that Communist leaders of the People’s Republic of Mongolia are nowadays considered as the true hears of the mediaeval rulers of the country because they also contributed to the Mongolian civilization building. This article demonstrates what kind of artistic means have been implemented in solving this task. One of the major concerns consisted in involving the viewer in comprehending meaning of the monuments. This stimulated the emergence of the new and highly innovative artistic typology of the monumental-didactic sculptural ensemble exemplified in the monument to the singer S. Tsogtsaihan.
Vigilius Eriksen’s and Stefano Torelli’s Portraits of Catherine II in Russian Dress: Two Competing Images of Russianness? Part I
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Skvortsova Ekaterina A.
Published: September 2024

A series of two articles offers an interpretation of the two portraits of Catherine II in Russian dress painted by Vigilius Eriksen and Stephano Torelli in the light of the conceptual fields of the terms “people” (French)/“Volk” (German) which was translated into Russian, as Ingrid Schirle revealed, as “народ” implying sociological meaning and “nation” (French)/“Nation” (German) translated into Russian as “государство” or “отечество”. A present paper examines Vigilius Eriksen’s portrait. Comparison with period visual material together with newly discovered textual evidence categorically proves that Vigilius Eriksen’s portrait, as well as Russian court dress, offers an image of boyar attire, though the elements perceived as Russian were, as shown by Svetlana Amelekhina and Daniel Green, characteristic for both pre-Petrine elite dress, some types of period folk dress and some even for European dress. Such dress implies and glorious centuries-long history of the state — the same ideas as those promoted in academic history painting. The paper offers analysis of the artistic traits of Eriksen’s portrait and ways of dissemination of the portrait which make it an efficient instrument of implementing Catherine’s idea.
Yu. I. Kuznetsov — Investigator of the 17th Century Dutch and Flemish Art
Authors:   A. S. Pushkin School of Arts and Crafts “Izograph”, Akimov Sergey S.
Published: September 2024

The article is devoted to the scientific heritage of Yuriy Kuznetsov, the outstanding Soviet art historian, and aims to show his contribution into investigations of the 17th century Dutch and Flemish art, which was the main field in his professional interests. The author traces Kuznetsov’s path in the science for about 30 years, identifies and describes thematic lines of his researches and shows the importance of his works for the development of Netherlandish studies in Russia. Being a brilliant master of attribution, Kuznetsov established the authorship of many Dutch pictures in the state Hermitage (where he worked since 1947 until his death) and in the funds of regional museums. He published investigations about Nicolaus Knüpfer, Adriaen van Ostade, Jan Steen, Nicolaes Berhem and other figures of Italianized trend in Dutch school. His monograph about Rembrandt’s picture “Danae” in the Hermitage collection is a classic example of acomprehensive study of art work (1970). The combination of stylistic and iconographic analysis with results of technological examination and involvement of biographical data made it possible to definitively identify the plot of this picture and reveal its history, connected with the creative evolution and private life of the painter. Kuznetsov also studied Flemish and Dutch drawings with success. Works of Rubens’s graphics (1965, 1974) and the book covering the development of drawings in the Netherlands in the 15th–17th centuries (1981, sole in Russian science to now days) are the most important in this part of his legacy. Kuznetsov was the organizer of number exhibitions dedicated to the masters of Flanders and Holland, the author of guide-book to the Dutch exposition in Hermitage. The methodology of his researches combines close attention to every art work and broad cultural outlook, interest to creative connections and influences between masters. Kuznetsov’s scientific activity by its intensity, variety of subjects and outstanding results has to call one of the great pages in historiography of Flemish and Dutch art.
Challenging exclusion: bringing the human rights to water and sanitation to Europe
Authors: Roaf Virginia , Winkler Inga T.
Published: September 2024

Research and advocacy on water and sanitation in low-income countries often consider the human rights to water and sanitation as the basis for improving access to these essential services. But how often is the spotlight turned on high-income countries? Do the predominantly global North researchers, advocates, donors and development partners who explore failures to meet the human rights in Accra or Jakarta ever ask if the same rights are realized at home in Berlin, London or Paris? Exclusion and marginalization similar to that faced by various populations in low-income countries are present in the lived experiences of individuals and groups in Europe, including Roma communities, refugees and people facing homelessness or incarceration. Yet, the same human rights that are invoked in low-income countries are all too often ignored in Europe. Meanwhile, high-income countries cannot point to insufficient financial resources to justify failures in human rights realization. Against this background, we outline some of the inequalities in access to water and sanitation that exist and persist in high-income countries through the lens of human rights, and propose that invoking these human rights can support the ideals of equity and justice contributing to re-imagining universal access to services across Europe.
A data-driven approach to optimize a sanitary survey for communities in Maputo, Mozambique
Authors: Voth-Gaeddert Lee E.
Published: September 2024

Current approaches to align sanitary surveys to environmental fecal waste indicators have demonstrated limited success, leaving stakeholders focused on fecal waste management with limited and costly tools. We analyzed data from the Maputo Sanitation Project using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) to enhance the survey's correlation with Escherichia coli concentration data. EFA grouped related survey questions and sampling locations into distinct latent factors. SEM was then used to assess the relationship between the survey latent factors and the mean E. coli concentrations from grouped locations. The results suggested four survey question subgroups: latrine structure, latrine cleanliness, compound/household waste management, and community waste management. In addition, three sampling location subgroups were identified: high-traffic areas (HTAs), food activity locations, and bodily cleaning areas. The largest significant effect size identified suggested that for every 1-unit increase in community waste management, there was a decrease of 1.94 in log10 E. coli per gram of soil in HTAs (p = 0.03), a substantial improvement from the initial 0.50 decrease reported for an expert-weighted metric of all survey questions. These results underscore the importance of community-level waste management and demonstrate the use of a data-driven approach in enhancing environmental health assessments and planning interventions.
Capital social
Authors: Correa Duarte Samuel , Pinheiro Barbosa Lia
Published: September 2024

O presente artigo consiste em revisão teórica sobre o conceito de capital social na perspectiva sociológica. A exposição está organizada em torno de um conjunto de noções que, em nosso entendimento, abrangem as propriedades centrais para a compreensão do capital social: normas, confiança, networks e governança. A partir do exame de literatura especializada, identificamos que as normas e valores constituem a base sobre a qual se forma o capital social a partir da criação de condições favoráveis para a cooperação e o desenvolvimento da confiança mútua; a partilha de saberes e conhecimentos contribui para a constituição de redes de confiança e o acesso a recursos coletivos; as práticas deliberativas contribuem para formação do capital social por meio da legitimação argumentativa, equalização das diferentes formas de percepção da realidade e a circulação de informações que potencializam os processos de tomada de decisão e, por fim, a governança se relaciona com o capital social na medida em que implica a partilha de poder, potencializando as expressões dos atores sociais que tomam parte numa ação coletiva. Espera-se que o presente texto contribua para o debate sobre o tema em tela e o aprofundamento do uso do conceito de capital social nas mais diversas áreas da realidade social.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKTIVITAS TENAGA KERJA DI SEKTOR INFORMAL MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Nugraheni Rashieka Handa , Nugroho Suryo Bintoro
Published: September 2024

The increase in the number of informal workers in Malang City occurred during the 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic. On the other hand, the average wage or salary for informal workers in Malang City experienced a decline when the 2020 Covid-19 Pandemic began. However, the average wage or salary is starting to improve with an increase of 41.05% from 2021 to 2022. The amount of this increase can be indicated to be accompanied by an increase in labor productivity where wages and labor productivity have a very reciprocal relationship. Moreover, productivity is an important element in measuring economic activity. Therefore, the aim of this research is to identify factors that influence labor productivity in the informal sector during the Covid-19 pandemic in Malang City. The data in the research were obtained from Sakernas data for 2021 and 2022. This research used quantitative descriptive methods with cross section data regression. The analysis model used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the analysis show that in 2021 training, digital technology, marital status and number of family members will influence the productivity of informal workers. Meanwhile, in 2022 education, training, digital technology, marital status, age and number of family members will influence the productivity of informal workers in Malang City.
Consistency between Gleason score of prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy: predictors of increased tumour grading
Authors: Nesterova O. Yu. , Varentsov M. G. , Oleynikova N. A. , Strigunov A. A. , Zhestkov I. A. , Okhobotov D. A. , Kamalov D. M. , Sorokin N. I. , Kamalov A. A.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Gleason grading is one of the key parameters for determining the prostate cancer (risk group after receiving the results of a prostate biopsy in addition to the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). However, an important clinical issue arises from changes in this grading following radical surgery. In some cases, such discrepancies in data can lead to a shift in patient management tactics from radical surgery to active follow-up recommended for patients with low cancer risk.

Objective. To assess the consistency of the results of prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy with an assessment of possible predictors of increased tumor Gleason grading.

Materials & methods. Between 2019 and 2021, 193 patients with prostate cancer were selected for treatment at the Medical Centre of Moscow State University. Of these, 139 patients were chosen for the final analysis of Gleason tumour grading consistency after biopsy and radical prostatectomy.

Results. The results of prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy were comparable in 54.7% of patients (n = 76), while the remaining 45.3% (n = 63) showed a change in Gleason gradaing after radical prostatectomy: 29.5% (n = 41) patients showed an increased gradation, and 15.8% (n = 22) — decrease. Most often, the data were consistent for patients with a Gleason score 7: 63.6% for 3 + 4 = 7 and 57.9% for 4 + 3 = 7. The highest percentage of graduation increase was observed for patients from the group 3 + 3 = 6 and amounted to 48%. Cohen's kappa value was 0.351 (p < 0.001), indicating poor consistency between the results of the two studies. The total number of biopsies was associated with an increase in Gleason score after radical prostatectomy (OR = 0.816; 95% CI = 0.680 – 0.978). For example, the odds of Gleason tumour grading decreases by 18.4% when the number of biopsy specimens per unit increases

Conclusion. The concordance of Gleason grading of prostate cancer after prostate biopsy and radical prostatectomy remains poor. The only predictor of improved concordance is the biopsy count, thereby reflecting biopsy quality and encouraging clinicians to move away from sextant biopsies to systematic and targeted biopsies. Increasing the consistency of results can provide more accurate staging and classification of patients according to cancer risk, thereby influencing future management.
Comparison of the results of active surgical treatment and serial stenting for urolithiasis in pregnant women
Authors: Nizin P. Yu. , Perov R. A. , Nemenov A. A. , Kotov S. V.
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Renal colic during pregnancy is a common cause of pain in the lower back. Currently, with a diagnosed kidney or ureter stone, the standard treatment is serial drainage of the urine tract using an internal ureter stent, with replacement of the drainage before delivery, followed by surgery to remove the stone after delivery.

Objective. To study the effectiveness and safety of ureteroscopic interventions in the treatment of urolithiasis in pregnant women in comparison with the method of serial drainage of the upper urinary tract during gestation followed by surgical treatment of urolithiasis 4 weeks after delivery.

Materials & methods. The study group consisted of 119 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of urolothiasis using instrumental diagnostic methods and a gestational age up to and including the 27th week. Two groups were formed based on treatment approaches for urolithiasis: group 1 included 59 patients (49.6%) who underwent surgical removal of the stone; group 2 included 60 patients (50.4%) who underwent internal ureteral stent replacement every 4 – 6 weeks prior to delivery and subsequent ureteroscopy There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, or number of pregnancies between the two groups.

Results. The frequency of complete stone removal in groups 1 and 2 was 96.6 and 96.7%, respectively. The median amount of time spent on urolithiasis treatment in groups 1 and 2 was 60 [45; 72] and 97 [54; 105] minutes, respectively (p = 0.002). Migration of the ureteral stent in group 2 was observed in 13.3% of cases (p = 0.05). Among group 1 patients who underwent ureteroscopic intervention aimed at stone removal, the incidence of internal drainage dislocation was 3.4%. Encrustation of the ureteral stent in groups 1 and 2 was observed among 2 (3.4%) and 17 (28.3%) patients, respectively (p < 0.001). The bed-day (median time in days spent in hospital for drainage replacement and time of surgical treatment of urolithiasis) in groups 1 and 2 was four and eight days, respectively (p < 0.05). The frequency of natural childbirth in groups 1 and 2 was 81.35% and 55.0%, respectively (p = 0.002).

Conclusion. Urolithiasis among pregnant women is a complex multifactorial disease that affects not only the health of the mother, but also the condition of the developing foetus. It is possible to perform surgical treatment with high efficiency and low complication rate, which improves the quality of life.