bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of Silicon Nanostructures Under Laser Irradiation Studied Quantum Mechanically
Authors: Mazzone A.M. , Bianconi M.
Published: April 2011

This study is motivated by recent applications of ultra-short laser pulses to the manipulation of structures on the atomic scale. It describes the energies and the time-scale needed to induce and to observe such changes. The structures adopted to this purpose are taken from the field of silicon nanotechnology and consist on monotaomic wires and small clusters of a columnar shape. These last ones are covered on both sides with an aluminum overlayer and can be regarded as the finite-size analogous of macroscopic electronic devices. The effect of laser is simply described as an increase of the kinetic energy in the nuclear subsystem. The calculations are based on real-time, real-space implementation of the semiempirical Hartree-Fock theory. The results show the occurrence of phenomena similar to recristallization and melting in the bulk and illustrate the dependence of these effects on the energy input and on the cluster size and composition.
Study and tailoring of composite and nanocomposite materials for lithium battery electrode application
Authors: Gaudefroy Vincent , Guy Delphine , Lestriez Bernard , Bouchet Renaud , Guyomard Dominique
Published: April 2011

To increase electrode cycling performance in batteries, most researchers generally focus their work on the active material optimisation. Here we show that the polymeric binder of the composite electrode may have an important role on the electrode performance. We describe a new tailored polymeric binder combination with controlled polymer-filler (carbon black) interactions that allows the preparation of new and more efficient electrode architecture. Using this polymeric binder, composite electrodes based on Li1.2V3O8 display a room-temperature cycling capacity of 280 mAh/g (C/5 rate, 3.3–2 V) instead of 150 mAh/g using a standard-type (PVdF-HFP binder) composite electrode. We have coupled SEM observations, galvanostatic cycling and electronic conductivity measurements in order to define and understand the impact of the microstructure of the composite electrode on its electrochemical performance.
On the Origin of Color Degradation in Polyfluorenes – Block Copolymer Approach for Stable Blue Light Emission
Authors: Chochos Christos L. , Kallitsis Joannis K. , Gregoriou Vasilis G.
Published: April 2011

Spectroscopic studies on a series of rod-coil block copolymers with terfluorene as the rigid segment demonstrate that the main cause of color instability in fluorene oligomers and polymers is aggregate and/or excimer formation and not the presence of keto defects alone (fluorenone formation) along the molecular chain. Keto defects when are present contribute to the appearance of the undesirable ‘green’ emission band but are not the leading cause of color instability. Thus, the synthesis of materials where aggregation and/or inter-chain, inter-segment interactions are inhibited is the key approach for the production of stable polymeric light-emitting devices (PLED's). The potential of this method is verified by the synthesis of photo-oxidative stable fluorene/styrene diblock copolymer blue emitters.
Molecular Simulation of the Water Uptake and Glass Transition of Sulfonated Copolyimides as Polyelectrolytes for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Hu N. , Hsu A.T.
Published: April 2011

Molecular dynamics and Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations have been used to obtain the glass transition temperatures and the water uptake for polyimides synthesized from Naphthalene-1, 4, 5, 8-tetracaboxylic dianhydride (NTDA), 2, 2'-benzidinedisulfonic acid (BDSA), 4, 4'-diaminodiphenylether-2, 2'-disulfonic acid (ODADS), and non-sulfonated diamine monomers. The glass transition temperature Tgs of these polyimide copolymers have been determined from plots of specific volumes versus temperatures above and below Tgs. The simulation results suggest that the ODADS-based polyimide membranes have lower Tgs and better mechanical properties than the BDSA-based polyimides, which can be attributed to high mobility of the backbones of ODADS as supported by the vectorial autocorrelation function (VACF) results of this study. In addition, comparisons of the simulated Tgs for ODADS-based polyimides of various degrees of hydration show that water content in polyimides may enhance their mechanical properties by lowering the Tgs. In the case of water uptake of these polyimide copolymers, the GCMC simulation results indicate better water solubility for more sulfonated polymers.
Histoires de terroir
Authors: Wulff Helena
Published: April 2011

Résumé L’Irlande possède une forte tradition littéraire qui pesa sur son passage à l’indépendance politique. De nos jours, cette tradition se développe grâce à une nouvelle génération d’écrivains tels que Chris Binchy, Anne Enright, Deirdre Madden, Éilís Ní Dhuibhne et Colm Tóibín. S’inspirant de Walter Benjamin et de ses deux types archaïques de conteurs – «  le sédentaire qui laboure la terre  » et le voyageur qui rapporte «  les traditions de contrées lointaines  » –, cet article montre comment des romans récents, situés en Irlande, se rattachent aux tropes de l’Irlande nouvelle et du monde entier.
Premières leçons de danse
Authors: Julhe Samuel , Mirouse Stéphanie
Published: April 2011

Résumé L’image de la « jeune ballerine » ou du « petit rat de l’Opéra » est très largement évoquée dans l’ensemble des travaux portant sur les danseurs. Cependant peu se sont spécifiquement intéressés aux premières années d’apprentissage. Fondé sur un travail ethnographique auprès de deux groupes de jeunes danseuses débutantes, âgées de 4 à 11 ans, au croisement d’une sociologie de la socialisation, d’une sociologie de l’enfance et d’une sociologie interactionniste, cet article porte sur les modalités de socialisation corporelle de ces jeunes filles, en centrant le regard sur les oppositions entre contraintes pesant sur les attitudes corporelles et temps de relâchement.
Charles Bukowski : « L'Homme Frigorifié »
Authors: Lemonnier Brigitte
Published: April 2011

Résumé Charles Bukowski a toujours affirmé que boire avait pour lui une fonction créatrice indissociable de son travail d’écrivain : pas d’écriture sans boire ! L’alcool lui permettait d’échapper à son état d’« Homme Frigorifié » installé dans le néant. Son œuvre, presque entièrement autobiographique, témoigne de cette lutte engagée avec cet Homme Frigorifié que l’écriture sous alcool réanimait.
Pourquoi une femme se met-elle à boire ?
Authors: Haddad Gérard
Published: April 2011

Résumé L’étiologie de certaines formes graves d’alcoolisme chez des sujets de genre féminin est à rattacher à des traumatismes survenus dans leur vie génitale, particulièrement à la non-reconnaissance, voire la destruction de leur désir de maternité par leur compagnon.
Internet et anorexie
Authors: Alloy Gérard
Published: April 2011

Résumé Le support d’Internet permet de mieux appréhender la représentation du monde des adolescent(e)s, et ce qu’ils (elles) veulent donner à voir. Les thèmes du blog sont révélateurs des aspects du psychisme. Il y a aussi des sites spécialisés pour la boulimie et pour l’anorexie, et l’accès à ces sites « pro ana » nous semble avoir changé une partie de la symptomatologie des conduites alimentaires, avoir favorisé un début plus précoce de l’anorexie et la gravité de l’amaigrissement. Mais les adolescents témoignent d’une capacité à investir l’espace thérapeutique et à trouver d’autres moyens qu’Internet pour leur quête narcissique et leur rêve d’exposition aux autres.
Le tronc et l'éléphant
Authors: Boudailliez Sylvie
Published: April 2011

Résumé Le cas de deux jeunes femmes illustrera comment, en référence au stade du miroir de Jacques Lacan, l’image de leur corps les mène à des conduites alimentaires boulimiques associées à des pulsions meurtrières et suicidaires ; il s’agira ensuite de situer quelle fonction occupe la boulimie pour ces deux sujets et comment elle s’articule à la névrose dans le premier cas et à la psychose dans le second cas.
La fragile surface du verre pénultième. Deleuze et l'alcoolisme
Authors: Fukuda Daisuke
Published: April 2011

Résumé Gilles Deleuze est connu, avec son ami Félix Guattari, pour être un critique farouche de la psychanalyse. Il suffit de jeter un coup d’œil à l’ Anti-Œdipe ou Mille plateaux pour constater l’enjeu politique et idéologique de sa critique. Mais Deleuze parle discrètement de sa clinique dans son premier article sur la fatigue publié en 1948. Cette clinique deleuzienne sera liée à l’alcoolisme dans Logique du sens et Mille plateaux . L’article tourne autour de la question suivante : le philosophe a-t-il réussi à créer les concepts nouveaux du corps et de la temporalité déformés par l’ivresse maniaque et sa chute dépressive ?
Malaise dans la civilisation et promesse de bonheur. Freud et Adorno
Authors: Gabriel Nicole
Published: April 2011

Résumé Ce texte compare Malaise dans la civilisation et La dialectique des Lumières d’Adorno et Horkheimer. Ceux-ci se distinguent de Freud par un pessimisme accru à l’égard de la culture, mais Adorno sauve l’idée de bonheur par le biais de l’utopie.
« J'ai eu un père qui s'est couché sur moi »
Authors: Vidaillet Bénédicte
Published: April 2011

Résumé Le sujet psychotique décrit ici est dans une position analogue à celle du Président Schreber, sous l’emprise d’un père malade, violent, qui opprime. Au cours de l’entretien, on repère un signifiant massif, le père, signifiant délirant qui ne fait pas point de capiton où arrimer son discours. Ce cas illustre en quoi la mélancolie est défavorable à la construction d’un sinthome qui réparerait la défaillance de la psychose.
Correlation of Tissue Biopsy and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology with Positron Emission Tomography Results
Authors: Rosen Daniel , Herrington Bruce , Bhargava Peeyush , Laucirica Rodolfo , Verstovsek Gordana
Published: April 2011

F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans are positive in any condition which increases metabolism in a mass or tissue and are therefore not specific for neoplastic conditions. The use of an SUV cutoff value of 2.5 may not always help discriminate between benign and malignant cases. For a practicing cytopathologist doing adequacy checks during an image-guided procedure, it may be of value to be aware that elevated SUV values are not always indicative of a malignant process, and vice versa.
A Pointwise Estimate for the Fourier Transform and Maxima of a Function
Authors: Berndt Ryan
Published: April 2011

We show a pointwise estimate for the Fourier transform on the line involving the number of times the function changes monotonicity. The contrapositive of the theorem may be used to find a lower bound to the number of local maxima of a function. We also show two applications of the theorem. The first is the two weight problem for the Fourier transform, and the second is estimating the number of roots of the derivative of a function.
Formation of solid solutions between racemic and enantiomeric citalopram oxalate
Authors: de Diego Heidi Lopez , Bond Andrew D. , Dancer Robert James
Published: April 2011

The X‐ray powder diffractograms of racemic citalopram oxalate and (S)‐citalopram oxalate are very similar, but the melting point of the racemate is higher than that of the pure enantiomer. The higher melting point indicates that the racemate is a racemic compound, rather than a conglomerate. The crystal structure of the enantiomer contains two molecules of (S)‐citalopram in the asymmetric unit. The conformation of the two molecules is different but they approximate mirror images of each other if the aromatic groups are interchanged. The crystal structure of the racemate is essentially isostructural with that of the enantiomer, having almost the same cell parameters but containing a crystallographic inversion centre that is not retained in the enantiomer structure. The closely‐comparable crystal structures permit solid solutions to be formed between racemic and enantiomeric citalopram oxalate. Phase diagrams of the (R)‐citalopram and (S)‐citalopram oxalate system are constructed, and they show that solid solutions are formed at all ratios of the two enantiomers. Chirality, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Nitrovinyl Biphenyls: Anticancer Agents Based on Allocolchicines
Authors: Jain Nishant , Yada Divya , Shaik Thokhir B. , Vasantha Galanki , Reddy P. Surendra , Kalivendi Shasi V. , Sreedhar B.
Published: April 2011

A new class of nitrovinyl biphenyl compounds based on the structures of colchicines and allocolchicines were designed, synthesized, and shown to inhibit tubulin polymerization and cause mitotic arrest. A majority of these compounds were found to possess potent anticancer properties, with IC50 values in the range of 0.05–7 μM, and are equally potent with colchicine in HeLa and MCF‐7 cells. Compounds 14 e and 14 f inhibited tubulin assembly by more than 60 %, and flow cytometry studies indicated growth arrest of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle in a concentration‐dependent manner. Treatment of cells with 14 f resulted in upregulation of cyclin B1 and aurora kinase B mRNA levels, corresponding to growth arrest in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle as the mode of action.
T‐cell‐rich B‐cell lymphoma (TCRBCL): Limitations in fine‐needle aspiration cytodiagnosis
Authors: Das Dilip K. , Pathan Shahed K. , Mothaffer Fatma J. , John Bency , Mallik Mrinmay K. , Sheikh Zafar A. , Haji Bahiyah E. , Amir Thasneem , Francis Issam M.
Published: April 2011

Exclusive reports on fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytodiagnosis of T‐cell‐rich B‐cell lymphoma (TCRBCL) are scarce in literature. This report reflects the diagnostic difficulties associated with cytodiagnosis of this rare variant of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. The study is based on 11 cases with age ranging from 16 to 63 years and a median of 50 years. Male to female ratio was 6:5. Ten cases presented with lymphadenopathy and one had lymphadenopathy as well as extranodal solid tumor. The initial cytodiagnosis was suggestive of TCRBCL in one case, TCRBCL/Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) in three cases, TCRBCL/HL/anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) in two cases, TCRBCL/ALCL in one case, and TCRBCL/non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) T‐cell/ALCL in one case. There was also a cytologically diagnosed HL case, which on review turned out to be HL/TCRBCL. Histopathological diagnosis was HL in all these nine cases. There were two histologically diagnosed TCRBCL cases during this period, with cytodiagnoses of NHL other than TCRBCL in one and HL in the other. While highlighting the difficulties associated with the cytodiagnosis of TCRBCL, this study conveys a word of caution that adequate immunocytochemical studies should be performed before diagnosing this rare neoplasm with a varied cytomorphology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mealtimes on eating disorder wards: A two‐study investigation
Authors: Long Stacey , Wallis Deborah J. , Leung Newman , Arcelus Jon , Meyer Caroline
Published: April 2011

Objective:

This research had two aims. First, to assess the current mealtime practices within UK eating disorders units. Second, to investigate staff perspectives of these mealtimes, including their involvement and understanding of patients' experience.

Method:

Study 1 involved a survey to assess mealtime protocols across 22 eating disorders units. In Study 2, sixteen semistructured interviews were conducted with staff at three eating disorders units.

Results:

Between and within‐unit variation exist regarding the implementation of mealtimes. Thematic analysis revealed that staff perceived their provision of mealtimes to be influenced by their own interpersonal difficulties created by the meals. Additionally, they perceived that these issues could be aided by forward planning, successful teamwork, and focused staff training.

Discussion:

There is a need for specialized mealtime implementation training. Furthermore, research is required to evaluate current mealtime practices from patient perspectives and to determine the impact of modified mealtime approaches on treatment outcome. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2012)
Cot/tpl2 activity is required for TLR‐induced activation of the Akt p70 S6k pathway in macrophages: Implications for NO synthase 2 expression
Authors: López‐Peláez Marta , Soria‐Castro Irene , Boscá Lisardo , Fernández Margarita , Alemany Susana
Published: April 2011

LPS stimulation activates IKK and different MAP kinase pathways, as well as the PI3K‐Akt‐mTOR‐p70 S6k pathway, a negative regulator of these MyD88‐dependent intracellular signals. Here, we show that Cot/tpl2, a MAP3K responsible for the activation of the MKK1‐Erk1/2, controls P‐Ser473 Akt and P‐Thr389 p70 S6k phosphorylation in LPS‐stimulated macrophages. Analysis of the intracellular signalling in Cot/tpl2 KO macrophages versus WT macrophages reveals lower IκBα recovery and higher phosphorylation of JNK and p38α after 1 h of LPS stimulation. Moreover, Cot/tpl2 deficiency increases LPS‐induced NO synthase 2 (NOS2) expression in macrophages. Inhibition of the PI3K pathway abolishes the differences in IκBα and NOS2 expression between Cot/tpl2 KO and WT macrophages following LPS administration. Furthermore, in zymosan‐ and polyI:C‐stimulated macrophages, Cot/tpl2 mediates P‐Ser473 Akt phosphorylation, increases IκBα levels and decreases NOS2 expression. In conclusion, these data reveal a novel role for the Cot/tpl2 pathway in mediating TLR activation of the Akt‐mTOR‐p70 S6k pathway, allowing Cot/tpl2 to fine‐control the activation state of other signalling pathways.
Global spatial regularity for a regularized elasto‐plastic model
Authors: Knees Dorothee
Published: April 2011

In this note the spatial regularity of weak solutions for a class of elasto‐viscoplastic evolution models is studied for nonsmooth domains. The considered class comprises models which are obtained through a Yosida regularization from classical, rate‐independent elasto‐plastic models. The corresponding evolution model consists of an elliptic PDE for the (generalized) displacements which is coupled with an ordinary differential equation with a Lipschitz continuous nonlinearity describing the evolution of the internal variable. It is shown that the global spatial regularity of the displacements and the inner variables is exactly determined through the mapping properties of the underlying elliptic operator (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A primal‐dual formulation for infinitesimal nonlocal plasticity with hardening
Authors: Wieners Christian
Published: April 2011

We show that the nonlocal model for infinitesimal elasto‐plasticity with nonlinear isotropic hardening proposed by Gurtin and Reddy in Continuum Mech. Thermodyn. 21 (2009) can be written as a model of monotone‐gradient type, and we introduce a discrete primal‐dual formulation for the corresponding incremental problem which allows to use standard return mapping algorithms (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On thermodynamically consistent models and gradient structures for thermoplasticity
Authors: Mielke Alexander
Published: April 2011

It is investigated in what sense thermoplasticity can be written as a generalized gradient system with respect to the total entropy and the entropy‐production potential. The difficulty is that the quasistatic equilibrium equation for the elastic forces is obtained by minimizing the total energy and that this condition must be eliminated suitably. The subtle interplay between energy and entropy is treated via the formalism of GENERIC (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On uniqueness of affine solutions to boundary value problems for the nonlinear elastic dielectric
Authors: Knops Robin
Published: April 2011

The title problem is discussed for selected bounded and unbounded three‐dimensional regions (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Existence results for a nonlinear evolution equation containing a composition of two monotone operators
Authors: Kraynyukova Nataliya
Published: April 2011

We present an existence result for an evolution equation with a nonlinear operator, which is a composition of two monotone mappings. The first monotone mapping is a subdifferential of the indicator function of some convex set while the other is constructed as the Nemyckii operator of a monotone function. Such equations arise from the mathematical models, which describe piezoelectric material behavior. Under some additional assumptions we prove the existence and uniqueness of the strong solution for the case, when the operator generated by the monotone function is a Lipschitz continuous mapping. In the case of a nonlinear growth of the monotone function we prove the existence of the strong solution (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evolution in dilute diblock‐copolymer melts
Authors: Niethammer Barbara
Published: April 2011

We consider diblock copolymer melts in the regime that the volume fraction of one component is small. In this regime microphase separation results in the formation of a large number of small spherical particles. We present here a simple method to derive effective evolution equations for the motion of such particles that is based on the gradient flow structure of the underlying free boundary problem (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Epipolythiodiketopiperazine Alkaloids: Total Syntheses and Biological Activities
Authors: Iwasa Eriko , Hamashima Yoshitaka , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: April 2011

Epipolythiodiketopiperazine (ETP) alkaloids are structurally characterized by the presence of diketopiperazine rings having sensitive (poly)sulfide bridges, and most of them are classified as fungal secondary metabolites. Various biological activities have been reported for members of this family, including cytotoxic, antibacterial, antimicrobial, antiviral, antitumor, antiallergic, and antimalarial activities. Notably, some of the molecules were reported to show specific inhibitory activities against certain critical enzymes. Since the supply of these compounds from natural sources is quite limited, efficient chemical syntheses of ETP alkaloids would be useful for biological studies. However, total syntheses of ETP alkaloids remain a formidable challenge in current synthetic organic chemistry because of their structural complexity. In this review article, we present an overview of synthetic approaches to the ETP alkaloids during the past 50 years, and discuss significant milestones. We also summarize the biological activities of these compounds, focusing on the molecular mechanisms.
Identification of potential biomarkers for predicting acute dermal irritation by proteomic analysis
Authors: Zhang Qihao , Dai Taoli , Zhang Lei , Zhang Minjing , Xiao Xue , Hu Hao , Zou Ping , Liu Xia , Xiang Qi , Su Zhijian , Huang Yadong , He Qing‐Yu
Published: April 2011

In vitro alternative tests aiming at replacing the traditional animal test for predicting the irritant potential of chemicals have been developed, but the assessment parameters or endpoints are still not sufficient for analysis. To discover novel endpoints for skin irritation responses, a proteomics approach was used to analyze the protein expression in human keratinocytes exposed to sodium lauryl sulfate in the present study. Among the 20 identified proteins with altered expression, small heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) and superoxide dismutase [Cu–Zn] were down‐regulated while cofilin‐1 was up‐regulated significantly in response to the chemical challenge. Keratinocytes were exposed to acid and basic chemicals for further validation of the proteins. HSP27 displayed the most significant alteration both in mRNA and protein levels, accompanied by nuclear translocation. The irritation also induced an increased production of interleukin‐1α in keratinocytes. These findings suggest that these proteins may be combinational biomarkers or additional endpoints for skin hazard assessment. Further investigation into the protein alterations would be helpful for the mechanistic understanding of skin irritation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leucine pools in Escherichia coli biofilm discovered by Raman imaging
Authors: Noothalapati Venkata Hemanth Nag , Nomura Nobuhiko , Shigeto Shinsuke
Published: April 2011

In structured communities of bacteria known as biofilms, a variety of biomolecules have been shown to play a unique role as signals and/or regulators in biofilm formation. Here, we report that high levels of the amino acid leucine (leucine pool) were detected, for the first time, within microcolonies in a 30‐h‐old Escherichia coli biofilm by Raman imaging. Localization of leucine revealed by multifrequency Raman images indicates leucine accumulation during the early stage of the E. coli biofilm formation, which may have resulted from physiological environment‐specific metabolic adaptation. We demonstrate that our label‐free Raman imaging method provides a useful platform for directly identifying still unknown natural products produced in biofilms as well as for visualizing heterogeneous distributions of biofilm constituents in situ. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategen gestärkt aus der Krise
Authors: Schneider Bernd , Kuschel Matthias
Published: April 2011

Bei Transaktionen zeigt die Statistik des Jahres 2010 zwei Trends: Zum einen stieg das durchschnittliche Volumen, zum anderen nahmen Finanzinvestoren (wieder) aktiver am Geschehen teil. Daher lag das Transaktionsvolumen deutlich über dem des Vorjahrs.
Oligomere trennen mit Recycling‐GPC
Authors: Höger Sigurd
Published: April 2011

Die Recycling‐GPC isoliert Substanzen aus schwer trennbaren Reaktionsgemischen in reiner Form. Damit werden Synthesen durchführbar, die man früher aufgrund von Trennproblemen nicht erwogen hätte. Ein Beispiel ist die mehrstufige gezielte Synthese definierter Oligomere.
Anleitung zum letzen Versuch
Authors: Nickel Heike
Published: April 2011

Stellen Sie ein Protein‐Stärke‐Gemenge her. Initiieren Sie eine Maillard‐Reaktion und lassen Sie eine enzymatische Spaltung folgen. Bestimmen Sie das Reaktionsprodukt im Selbstversuch.
Wie sich Unternehmen versorgen
Authors: Röper Michael
Published: April 2011

Die Chemie muss ihre Rohstoffbasis verbreitern, um sich Mangelsituationen anzupassen.
Zukunft hat in der Chemie Tradition
Authors: Weinig Hans‐Georg
Published: April 2011

Berlin im Februar: Nationaler Auftakt zum Internationalen Jahr der Chemie 2011.
Vorstandssitzung
Authors: Koch Wolfram
Published: April 2011

Die dritte Sitzung des Vorstands der Gesellschaft Deutscher Chemiker im Jahr 2010 fand am 6. Dezember auf Einladung der Süd Chemie AG in München statt.
Wer darf bestellen?
Authors: Maas Nicole , Brombach Matthias
Published: April 2011

Muss ein Laborgroßhändler bei ihm versehentlich bestellte Verbrauchsmaterialien oder Geräte zurücknehmen? Wie lassen sich doppelte und dreifache Bestellungen vermeiden? Ein Fall aus dem Laboralltag.
Identification and characterization of human leukocyte antigen class I ligands in renal cell carcinoma cells
Authors: Seliger Barbara , Dressler Sven P. , Massa Chiara , Recktenwald Christian V. , Altenberend Florian , Bukur Juergen , Marincola Francesco M. , Wang Ena , Stevanovic Stefan , Lichtenfels Rudolf
Published: April 2011

The presentation of tumor antigen‐derived peptides by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I surface antigens on tumor cells is a key prerequisite to trigger effective T‐cell responses in cancer patients. Multiple complementary strategies like cDNA and serological expression cloning, reverse immunology and different ‘ome’‐based methods have been employed to identify potential T‐cell targets. This report focuses on a ligandomic profiling approach leading to the identification of 49 naturally processed HLA class I peptide ligands presented on the cell surface of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells. The source proteins of the defined HLA ligands are classified according to their biological function and subcellular localization. Previously established cDNA microarray data of paired tissue specimen of RCC and renal epithelium assessed the transcriptional regulation for 28 source proteins. In addition, HLA‐A2‐restricted, peptide‐specific T cells directed against a HLA ligand derived from sulfiredoxin‐1 (SRXN1) were generated, which were able to recognize and lyse ligand‐presenting target cells in a HLA class I‐restricted manner. Furthermore, tumor‐infiltrating T cells isolated from a RCC patient were also able to kill SRXN1 expressing tumor cells. Thus, this experimental strategy might be suited to define potential candidate biomarkers and novel targets for T‐cell‐based immunotherapies of this disease.
The cell surface proteome of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Dreisbach Annette , van Dijl Jan Maarten , Buist Girbe
Published: April 2011

The Gram‐positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus is a wide spread opportunistic pathogen that can cause a range of life‐threatening diseases. To obtain a better understanding of the global mechanisms for pathogenesis and to identify novel targets for therapeutic interventions, the S. aureus proteome has been recently ‘dissected’ in several studies. Proteins that are exposed on the cell surface – collectively referred to as the ‘surfacome’ – have received particular attention, because they can directly interact with extracellular molecules, including drugs and antibodies. Accordingly, these proteins represent interesting candidate targets for active or passive immunization against S. aureus. Here, we review the proteomics strategies used, and we compare the results that were so far obtained. Since the surfacome is part of the cell wall proteome, we first present an overview of general properties of the S. aureus cell envelope, cell wall‐associated proteins and mechanisms for protein attachment to the cell wall. Then we zoom in on the surfacome, and discuss the pro's and con's of the specific strategies that have been applied for surfacome profiling. The insights thus obtained may serve as leads for future studies on the S. aureus surfacome and possible applications.
Identification of Chrysoplenetin from Vitex negundo as a Potential Cytotoxic Agent against PANC‐1 and a Panel of 39 Human Cancer Cell Lines (JFCR‐39)
Authors: Awale Suresh , Linn Thein Zaw , Li Feng , Tezuka Yasuhiro , Myint Aung , Tomida Akihiro , Yamori Takao , Esumi Hiroyasu , Kadota Shigetoshi
Published: April 2011

Human pancreatic cancer is known to be the most deadly disease with the lowest 5‐year survival rate and is resistant to well known conventional chemotherapeutic drugs in clinical use. Screening of medicinal plants from Myanmar utilizing antiausterity strategy led to the identification of Vitex negundo as one of the medicinal plants having potent preferential cytotoxic activity against PANC‐1 human pancreatic cancer cells. Bioactivity‐guided phytochemical investigation led to the isolation of chrysoplenetin (1) and chrysosplenol D (2) as the active constituents with a PC50 value of 3.4 μg/mL and 4.6 μg/mL, respectively, against PANC‐1 cells. Both these compounds induced apoptosis‐like morphological changes in PANC‐1 cells. Chrysoplenetin was further tested against a panel of 39 human cancer cell lines (JFCR‐39) at the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, and 25 cell lines belonging to lung, breast, CNS, colon, melanoma, ovarian, prostate cancer and stomach cancer cell lines were found to be highly sensitive to chrysoplenetin at a submicromolar range. In the JFCR‐39 panel, lung NCI‐H522, ovarian OVCAR‐3 and prostate PC‐3 cells were found to be most sensitive with GI50 of 0.12, 0.18 and 0.17 μm, respectively. The COMPARE analysis suggested that the molecular mode of action of chrysoplenetin was unique compared with the existing anticancer drugs. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Concise Review: Epidermal Grafting: The Case for Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Lemaître Gilles , Nissan Xavier , Baldeschi Christine , Peschanski Marc
Published: April 2011

Although cell therapy has been clinically implemented for several decades, its use is hampered by the difficulty in supplying the amount of epidermal substitute needed to extend the application to all patients who may benefit from it. How human pluripotent stem cells may help meet this challenge is the topic of this review. After reporting on the main current applications and needs of skin grafting, we explore the potential of pluripotent stem cells—either of embryonic origin or produced by genetic reprogramming—to provide the needed clinical-grade keratinocytes, fulfilling industrial scale production, and quality standards. Immunogenicity is clearly an issue, although one may expect cells displaying characteristics of fetal or embryonic skin to have a much better tolerance than adult keratinocytes. The open possibility of a bank of pluripotent stem cell lines selected on the basis of interesting haplotypes may eventually provide a definitive answer. Actually, making the case for pluripotent stem cells in skin grafting goes well beyond that specific cell type. Most cell phenotypes that normally participate to the formation of dermis and epidermis can either already be obtained through in vitro differentiation from pluripotent stem cells or would likely migrate from the host into a graft. However, differentiation protocols for specialized glands and hair follicles remain to be designed. A future can be foreseen when reconstructive medicine will make use of composite grafts integrating several different cell types and biomaterials.
Conversion of Sox17 into a Pluripotency Reprogramming Factor by Reengineering Its Association with Oct4 on DNA
Authors: Jauch Ralf , Aksoy Irene , Hutchins Andrew Paul , Ng Calista Keow Leng , Tian Xian Feng , Chen Jiaxuan , Palasingam Paaventhan , Robson Paul , Stanton Lawrence W. , Kolatkar Prasanna R.
Published: April 2011

Very few proteins are capable to induce pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and their biochemical uniqueness remains unexplained. For example, Sox2 cooperates with other transcription factors to generate iPS cells, but Sox17, despite binding to similar DNA sequences, cannot. Here, we show that Sox2 and Sox17 exhibit inverse heterodimerization preferences with Oct4 on the canonical versus a newly identified compressed sox/oct motif. We can swap the cooperativity profiles of Sox2 and Sox17 by exchanging single amino acids at the Oct4 interaction interface resulting in Sox2KE and Sox17EK proteins. The reengineered Sox17EK now promotes reprogramming of somatic cells to iPS, whereas Sox2KE has lost this potential. Consistently, when Sox2KE is overexpressed in embryonic stem cells it forces endoderm differentiation similar to wild-type Sox17. Together, we demonstrate that strategic point mutations that facilitate Sox/Oct4 dimer formation on variant DNA motifs lead to a dramatic swap of the bioactivities of Sox2 and Sox17.
Haematospermia
Authors: Ramsden Alistair R. , Williams Jonathan
Published: April 2011

Although rarely the harbinger of serious underlying pathology, haematospermia is associated with high levels of anxiety for both patient and physician. Most cases of this alarming symptom are benign and self‐limiting, however, and the management of a patient with haematospermia is focused on identifying reversible causes, excluding malignancy and ultimately providing reassurance in most cases. For the majority, this can be achieved in primary care with simple and inexpensive tests, with very few patients requiring referral to a urologist. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
British Heart Foundation
Authors: Mullins Scott
Published: April 2011

The British Heart Foundation will be celebrating its 50th birthday this year and reflecting on its work as the nation's largest heart charity. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Interface Ltd
Vaginal progesterone reduces the rate of preterm birth in women with a sonographic short cervix: a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Hassan S. S. , Romero R. , Vidyadhari D. , Fusey S. , Baxter J. K. , Khandelwal M. , Vijayaraghavan J. , Trivedi Y. , Soma‐Pillay P. , Sambarey P. , Dayal A. , Potapov V. , O'Brien J. , Astakhov V. , Yuzko O. , Kinzler W. , Dattel B. , Sehdev H. , Mazheika L. , Manchulenko D. , Gervasi M. T. , Sullivan L. , Conde‐Agudelo A. , Phillips J. A. , Creasy G. W. ,   for the PREGNANT Trial
Published: April 2011

Objectives

Women with a sonographic short cervix in the mid‐trimester are at increased risk for preterm delivery. This study was undertaken to determine the efficacy and safety of using micronized vaginal progesterone gel to reduce the risk of preterm birth and associated neonatal complications in women with a sonographic short cervix.

Methods

This was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial that enrolled asymptomatic women with a singleton pregnancy and a sonographic short cervix (10–20 mm) at 19 + 0 to 23 + 6 weeks of gestation. Women were allocated randomly to receive vaginal progesterone gel or placebo daily starting from 20 to 23 + 6 weeks until 36 + 6 weeks, rupture of membranes or delivery, whichever occurred first. Randomization sequence was stratified by center and history of a previous preterm birth. The primary endpoint was preterm birth before 33 weeks of gestation. Analysis was by intention to treat.

Results

Of 465 women randomized, seven were lost to follow‐up and 458 (vaginal progesterone gel, n = 235; placebo, n = 223) were included in the analysis. Women allocated to receive vaginal progesterone had a lower rate of preterm birth before 33 weeks than did those allocated to placebo (8.9% (n = 21) vs 16.1% (n = 36); relative risk (RR), 0.55; 95% CI, 0.33–0.92; P = 0.02). The effect remained significant after adjustment for covariables (adjusted RR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.31–0.91; P = 0.02). Vaginal progesterone was also associated with a significant reduction in the rate of preterm birth before 28 weeks (5.1% vs 10.3%; RR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.25–0.97; P = 0.04) and 35 weeks (14.5% vs 23.3%; RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.42–0.92; P = 0.02), respiratory distress syndrome (3.0% vs 7.6%; RR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.17–0.92; P = 0.03), any neonatal morbidity or mortality event (7.7% vs 13.5%; RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.33–0.99; P = 0.04) and birth weight < 1500 g (6.4% (15/234) vs 13.6% (30/220); RR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26–0.85; P = 0.01). There were no differences in the incidence of treatment‐related adverse events between the groups.

Conclusions

The administration of vaginal progesterone gel to women with a sonographic short cervix in the mid‐trimester is associated with a 45% reduction in the rate of preterm birth before 33 weeks of gestation and with improved neonatal outcome. Copyright © 2011 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying patterns in spatial information: A survey of methods
Authors: Shekhar Shashi , Evans Michael R. , Kang James M. , Mohan Pradeep
Published: April 2011

Explosive growth in geospatial data and the emergence of new spatial technologies emphasize the need for automated discovery of spatial knowledge. Spatial data mining is the process of discovering interesting and previously unknown, but potentially useful patterns from large spatial databases. The complexity of spatial data and implicit spatial relationships limits the usefulness of conventional data mining techniques for extracting spatial patterns. In this paper, we explore the emerging field of spatial data mining, focusing on different methods to extract patterns from spatial information. We conclude with a look at future research needs. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov2011 1 193–214 DOI: 10.1002/widm.25

This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Spatial and Temporal Data Mining
Filtered‐top‐k association discovery
Authors: Webb Geoffrey I.
Published: April 2011

Association mining has been one of the most intensively researched areas of data mining. However, direct uptake of the resulting technologies has been relatively low. This paper examines some of the reasons why the dominant paradigms in association mining have not lived up to their promise, and argues that a powerful alternative is provided by top‐k techniques coupled with appropriate statistical and other filtering. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 183–192 DOI: 10.1002/widm.28

This article is categorized under:

Algorithmic Development > Association Rules

Algorithmic Development > Statistics

Technologies > Association Rules
Density‐based clustering
Authors: Kriegel Hans‐Peter , Kröger Peer , Sander Jörg , Zimek Arthur
Published: April 2011

Clustering refers to the task of identifying groups or clusters in a data set. In density‐based clustering, a cluster is a set of data objects spread in the data space over a contiguous region of high density of objects. Density‐based clusters are separated from each other by contiguous regions of low density of objects. Data objects located in low‐density regions are typically considered noise or outliers. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. WIREs Data Mining Knowl Discov 2011 1 231–240 DOI: 10.1002/widm.30

This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Structure Discovery and Clustering
Intraoperative Ultrasonography‐Guided Excision of Nonpalpable Breast Lesions
Authors: Bennett Ian , Biggar Magdalena
Published: April 2011

Background

The use of intraoperative ultrasonography (US) to localize and guide excision of nonpalpable breast lesions has advantages over other techniques. It avoids the need for additional resources and minimizes patient morbidity.

Methods and results

The technique of surgeon‐performed US‐guided excision as described in this report is straightforward and safe, easily reproducible, and suitable for teaching.

Conclusions

The US‐guided breast excision technique is predictable and accurate, minimizes costs, and is advocated as an appropriate method for US‐visible lesions requiring surgical excision. With appropriate training, breast surgeons can easily acquire the necessary skills to incorporate the use of US in their surgical practice.
Nondestructive determination of tannin content in intact individual acorns by near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Takahashi Akiko , Shimada Takuya , Kawano Sumio
Published: April 2011

To examine the effects of tannin content in acorns of Quercus serrata on the fate of individual seeds, we developed a system for nondestructive chemical analysis of single acorns by near‐infrared spectroscopy. We modeled the relationship between the normalized second‐derivative spectra and tannin content by partial least squares regression. We obtained the best calibration model (r2 = 0.836; standard error of calibration = 1.90; standard error of validation = 1.43; bias = 0.10). The regression coefficient plots showed that the key band for the model was 938 nm, close to the absorption band of tannic acid in aqueous solution.
Resonant-wave signature of an oscillating and translating disturbance in a two-layer density stratified fluid
Authors: ALAM MOHAMMAD-REZA , LIU YUMING , YUE DICK K. P.
Published: April 2011

We investigate the nonlinear wave signature of a translating and oscillating disturbance under the influence of ambient waves in a two-layer fluid. The main interests are the generation and features of the far-field waves due to nonlinear wave resonances. We show, using perturbation theory, that free waves on the surface and/or interface can be produced by triad-resonant interactions, a mechanism not obtained in a homogeneous fluid. These occur among the radiated waves due to the disturbance motion (disturbance waves); and between the disturbance waves and free ocean waves (ambient waves). Such resonance-generated waves can appear upstream or downstream, and may propagate away from or towards the disturbance. In realistic situations where ambient waves and disturbance oscillations contain multiple frequencies, numerous resonant and near-resonant interactions at second and higher orders may occur, making the theoretical analysis of the problem intractable. For this purpose, we develop a direct simulation capability using a high-order spectral method, which provides independent validation of the theoretical predictions. Our investigations show that, under specific but realistic conditions, resonance interactions may lead to significant far-field short waves that are more amenable to remote sensing. If the characteristics of the disturbance are known, we illustrate how nonlinear wave resonances provide a mechanism for more precise estimation of ocean stratification properties using surface wave measurements. Finally we show that when a moving disturbance oscillates at multiple frequencies, ensuing multiple resonances may lead to energy spreading across a broader spectrum, resulting in the loss of information about the body motion.
A new species of Schistophoron from India
Authors: SINGH K. P. , SWARNALATHA G.
Published: April 2011

Schistophoron indicum, a new lichen species, is described from India. It is characterized by lirellate mazaediate ascomata and dark brown, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, bilocular to tetralocular-submuriform, smooth-walled, small ascospores.
Art Theory and Psychological Thought in Mid-19th-Century America: The Case of The Crayon
Authors: Raverty Dennis
Published: April 2011

Associationism as a school of 19th-century psychological thought has been mentioned as an important influence on American landscape painters of that period by several authors, yet little systematic investigation of the influence of contemporaneous psychological theories on 19th-century artistic thought has been attempted. This essay explores these psychological dimensions in the writings of Henry James Sr., Justin Winsor, and John B. Brown, regular contributors to the Crayon: A Journal Devoted to the Graphic Arts and the Literature Related to Them. Published in New York from 1855 to 1861, the Crayon was unique among art publications in its theoretical emphasis. Among the philosophical problems the Crayon took up were questions that today would have been identified as psychological. The ideas of these three authors concerning perception, creativity, and reception are among the clearest and most articulate of the essays in the Crayon in terms of displaying a coherent psychology. Their psychological thought will be extracted from the texts and reconstituted within the contending psychological debates of the time. It will be shown that although associationism was an important influence on artists and critics, other psychological theories stemming from different premises were of equal or even greater importance.
Leane Zugsmith'sA Time to Remember:The Recovery of a Proletarian Text
Authors: Adickes Sandra , Boehnlein James M.
Published: April 2011

Scholarship about Depression-era proletarian literature has had to adapt itself to new political and social realities since 1984. With the collapse of socialism in Eastern Europe and Soviet Russia, literary analyses of texts written in the atmosphere of the Communist-led cultural movement may seem to lose currency; to argue for the relevancy at the close of the 20th century may seem irrelevant to postmodern aesthetics. Likewise, as Barbara Foley suggests, reading proletarian texts with their self-conscious critiques of class struggle and their formulaic and didactic plots offers little to audiences who are used to postmodern experimentation and “confessional” poetics (viii).