bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between abdominal obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors: cross sectional study of patients with symptomatic carotid disease
Authors: Maksimovic Milos , Vlajinac Hristina , Radak Djordje , Marinkovic Jelena , Maksimovic Jadranka , Jorga Jagoda
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Obesity, particularly visceral obesity, is considered one of
major risk factors for cardiovascular events. Objectives. The aim of the
present study was to investigate relationship between abdominal obesity and
other cardiovascular risk factors. Methods. The cross-sectional study
involved 657 consecutive patients with verified carotid atherosclerosis.
Carotid atherosclerosis was estimated by high resolution B-mode
ultrasonography. Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference >102 cm
in men and >88 cm in women. Results. Abdominal obesity was present in 324
(49.3%) participants. Multivariate analyses showed that abdominal obesity was
significantly positively associated with female sex, increased Baecke ?s Work
Index of physical activity at work, years of school completed <12, metabolic
syndrome, increased triglycerides, hyperglycemia and high serum uric acid.
Smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, hypertension, increased
total cholesterol, increased HDL and LDL cholesterols, increased high
sensitive C-reactive protein, increased fibrinogen, anti-lipid therapy and
anti-diabetic therapy were not significantly related to abdominal obesity.
Conclusion. Abdominal obesity among patients with symptomatic carotid disease
is significantly related to other cardiovascular risk factors, especially
metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome components and high level of serum
uric acid.
Epidemiological characteristics of nosocomial diarrhea caused by Clostridium difficile in a tertiary level hospital in Serbia
Authors: Suljagic Vesna , Djordjevic Dragan , Lazic Srdjan , Mijovic Biljana
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Among the most important causes of diarrhea in modern hospitals
is Clostridium difficile (C. difficile). A wide spectrum of diseases caused
by this bacterium is now known as C. difficile associated disease (CDAD). The
development of CDAD is usually preceded by the administration of
antimicrobial therapy and fecal-oral infections with C. difficile. Over the
last years epidemiology of CDAD has significantly changed. Recently, a
hypervirulent BI/NAP1/027 strain, the cause of severe epidemics in North
America and Western Europe, has been identified. Objective. The aim of this
study was to identify risk factors for CDAD in patients operated on at the
Military Medical Academy (MMA). Methods. The study included all patients who
underwent surgery at the MMA during 2010. Nested case-control study design
was used. The subjects were divided into groups of operated patients with and
without CDAD. The patients were under prospective follow-up, while their data
were collected using a questionnaire during a routine epidemiological
control. Results. During 2010 the incidence rate of CDAD was 3.3 per 10,000
hospital days. Univariate regression analysis showed that the length of
administration of one or two antibiotics, as well as concurrent
administration of two antibiotics, were far more frequently observed in the
patients with than in the patients without CDAD. Independent risk factor for
the development of CDAD was the length of the administration of one
antibiotic. Conclusion Reduction in the incidence rate of CDAD can be
achieved by using reliable measures of prevention and control; the rational
use of antibiotics, early diagnosis and therapy of infected patients, contact
isolation of infected persons, proper disinfection, and continued education
of medical and non-medical personnel.
First IKBKG gene mutation study in Serbian incontinentia pigmenti patients
Authors: Minic Snezana , Trpinac Dusan , Gabriel Heinz , Gencik Martin , Obradovic Miljana
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare X-linked dominant
genodermatosis. Mutations of the IKBKG gene are the only known cause of IP.
The presence of other than skin changes is important in the diagnosis of
atypical IP cases when skin changes are discrete. Objective. The study was
designed to analyze clinical manifestation, family histories and the
frequency of IKBKG gene mutation in IP patients in Serbia for the first time
and to compare them with other reported findings. Methods. Two Serbian
unrelated families with eight female subjects were investigated. Blood
samples were used for IKBKG exon 4-10 deletion testing using modified PCR
protocol. For probands pathohistological and ultrastructural analyses of skin
biopsies were done. Results. Positive clinical diagnosis according to IP
criteria was present in seven cases. In six of them, including probands,
positive molecular gene testing for IKBKG exon 4-10 deletion was present.
Conclusion. This is the first report of genetically confirmed IP in two
Serbian families. The IP patients presented a common IKBKG exon 4-10
deletion. The frequency and type of IKBKG mutation found in investigated IP
patients in Serbia were similar to results of other studies. Various clinical
features of investigated patients have allowed us to demonstrate that
molecular genetic testing which specifically detects the common IKBKG
mutations, the only known cause of IP, is useful in diagnosing IP especially
in mild or atypical cases. The molecular genetic testing of the IKBKG
mutations may be helpful for rapid confirmation of IP diagnosis, prenatal
diagnosis and carrier detection.
Minimal invasive surgical correction of pectus excavatum deformities in adolescents: Our institutional experience
Authors: Jokic Radoica , Kravarusic Dragan , Pajic Milos , Antic Jelena , Vukasinovic Zoran
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Nuss procedure is a minimal invasive surgical technique based
on retrosternal placement of a metal plate to correct pectus excavatum chest
deformity. We are presenting our five?year (2006?2011) institutional
experience of 21 patients. Objective. The aim of this study was to determine
characteristics and advantages of minimal invasive surgical approach in
correcting deformities of the chest. Methods. Surgical procedure, named after
its author Nuss, involves the surgical placement of a molded metal plate, the
so?called pectus bar, behind the sternum under thoracoscopic view whereby
immediate controlled intraoperative corrections and stabilizations of the
depression can be made. The great advantage of this method is reflected in a
significant shortening of operative time, usually without indications for
compensation in blood volume, and with a significantly shortened
postoperative recovery that allows patients to quickly return to their normal
activities. Results. In the period 2006?2011, 21 patients were operated by
the Nuss procedure. The pectus bar was set in front or behind the muscles of
the chest. Among the complications listed were inflammation of wounds in
three patients, dislocation (shifting) of the bar requiring a reoperation in
two patients, an occurrence of a pericardial effusion in one patient, and
allergic response to foreign body in one patient. Five patients required
extraction of the bar two years later, and three patients after three years,
all with excellent results. Conclusion. Minimally invasive Nuss procedure is
safe and effective. It currently represents the primary method of choice for
solving the chest deformity pectus excavatum for patients of all ages.
Modification of thoracoscopic control allows a safe field of operation.
Postoperative results are excellent with very few complications that can be
attributed to the learning curve.
Diagnosis and treatment of rib fracture during spontaneous vaginal delivery
Authors: Jovanovic Nebojsa , Ristovska Natasa , Bogdanovic Zorica , Petronijevic Milos , Opalic Jasna , Plecas Darko
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Progress of labor in multiparous women usually is not
accompanied with risk of any kind of birth trauma. Case Outline. We report a
very rare case of rib fracture in a neonate during vaginal delivery in the
39/40 week of gestation. The expulsion started spontaneously without any
manipulation from the obstetrician. Live male newborn was delivered 4650 g.
in weight, 55 cm long, with head circumference of 39 cm, Apgar score 9. The
child was immediately examined by the neonatologist. Crepitations were
palpable over the left hemithorax, and auscultatory on the left side
inspiratory cracks. Finding was suspicious for rib fracture on the left side
posteriorly and brachial plexus palsy, while other findings were normal.
X?ray finding was inconclusive, but suspicious for fracture of the 4th, 5th,
and 6th left rib posteriorly, without dislocation of bone fragments. There
were no signs of pneumothorax. Dorsal position of the newborn was considered
sufficient, accompanied with analgetics. X?ray was scheduled in a week
because formation of the calus would be the only objective sign of previous
rib fracture. On the control X?ray fracture lines were clearly visible on the
3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th rib posteriorly, without dislocation of bone
fragments with initial calus formation. The child was discharged from
hospital in good condition after two weeks, for further outpatient care.
Conclusion. With timely diagnostics of this very rare intrapartal fracture,
adequate treatment, dorsal position and close control of clinical condition
of the newborn, serious and potentially life threatening complications can be
avoided.
Humeral lengthening: Case report
Authors: Gajdobranski Djordje , Maric Dusan , Mikov Aleksandra
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Difference in length of upper extremities has mainly esthetic
significance and is therefore not so often a subject of operative treatment,
compared to lower extremities. Case Outline. We are presenting a case of a
16?year?old patient in whom a shortening of 9 cm of the right humerus was
determined at the end of growth. This shortening was the result of surgical
treatment of solitary bone cyst at the proximal end of the humerus done at
the age of 10 years. In order to correct the length of the humerus we applied
distraction osteogenesis with a compressive?distracting device according to
Mitkovic (Traffix), and we achieved the lengthening of 7.5 cm. During the
period of distraction we encountered the following complications: minimal
suppuration at the site of the wedges that was successfully resolved with
intensive local treatment, while pain and paresthesias along the N. radialis
were resolved with a temporarily slowing of the distraction process. Fixation
with a plate, i.e. bone grafting was not necessary, and final functional and
esthetic result was excellent. Conclusion. Successful lengthening of the
shortened humerus can be achieved with a unilateral compressive?distracting
device according to Mitkovic as its application up to a complete bone
reconstruction does not require additional plate fixation or bone grafting.
The patient was capable of performing usual daily activities during
application of the device.
Pontomedullary lacerations and concomitant injuries: A review of possible underlying mechanisms
Authors: Zivkovic Vladimir , Nikolic Slobodan
Published: November 2013

Anatomically, brainstem is constituted of medulla oblongata, pons and
mesencephalon. Traumatic lesions of brainstem most commonly occur on
pontomedullary junction. There are several possible mechanisms of
pontomedullary lacerations. The first mechanism includes impact to the chin,
with or without a skull base fracture, and most often leads to this fatal
injury, due to impact force transmission through the jawbone and
temporomandibular joint. The second mechanism includes lateral and posterior
head impacts with subsequent hinge fractures, where occurrence of
pontomedullary lacerations in these cases may depend on the energy of impact,
as well as on the exact position of the fracture line, but less so on the
head?s movement. The third mechanism includes frontoposterior hyperextension
of the head, due to frontal impact, concomitant with fractures or
dislocations of upper spine. In the fourth mechanism, there is an absence of
direct impact to the head, due to the indirect force of action after feet or
buttocks?first impact. Most of these cases are accompanied by ring fractures
as well. In situations such as these, the impact force is transmitted up the
spinal column and upper vertebrae, and telescopically intruded into the
skull, causing brainstem laceration. The jawbone and other facial bones can
act as shock absorbers, and their fracture could diminish the energy transfer
towards the skull and protect the brain and brainstem from injury. In all the
cases with pontomedullary laceration posterior neck dissection should be
performed during the autopsy, since upper spine injuries are often associated
with this type of injury.
What language is your doctor speaking? Facing the problems of translating medical documents into English
Authors: Micovic Dragoslava
Published: November 2013

What is translation - a craft, an art, a profession or a job? Although one of
the oldest human activities, translation has not still been fully defined,
and it is still young in terms of an academic discipline. The paper defines
the difference between translation and interpreting and then attempts to find
the answer to the question what characteristics, knowledge and skills a
translator must have, particularly the one involved in court translation, and
where his/her place in the communication process (both written and oral
communication) is. When translating medical documentation, a translator is
set within a medical language environment as an intermediary between two
doctors (in other words, two professionals) in the process of communication
which would be impossible without him, since it is conducted in two different
languages. The paper also gives an insight into types of medical
documentation and who they are intended for. It gives practical examples of
the problems faced in the course of translation of certain types of medical
documentation (hospital discharge papers, diagnoses, case reports,...). Is it
possible to make this kind of communication between professionals (doctors)
standardized, which would subsequently make their translation easier?
Although great efforts are made in Serbia regarding medical language and
medical terminology, the conclusion is that specific problems encountered by
translators can hardly be overcome using only dictionaries and translation
manuals.
Recurrent longitudinally extensive transversal myelitis in a patient with Sjögren’s syndrome
Authors: Sekaric Jelena , Zivanovic Zeljko , Lucic-Prokin Aleksandra , Kokai-Zekic Timea , Petrovic Kosta , Turkalj Ivan , Jovin Zita , Gvozdenovic Slobodan
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is a
transversal myelitis that extends through three or more vertebral segments in
length. Case report. A 52- year-old woman was hospitalized due to pain in the
lumbar region, difficulty in walking, hypoesthesia of the anogenital area and
urinary retention. In the past medical history, two years earlier, the
patient had been diagnosed with transversal myelitis confirmed by MRI of the
cervical spine and six months earlier, the patient was diagnosed with primary
Sj?gren?s syndrome (SS). During the current hospitalization MRI of the spinal
cord revealed extensive inflammatory lesions of almost the whole spinal cord.
Lumbar puncture (LP) revealed mild pleocytosis and slightly increased protein
level. Isoelectric focusing of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum proteins
was normal. Visual evoked potentials were normal. Serological testing
excluded acute viral infections. Corticosteroid therapy was applied with good
therapeutic response. Control MRI revealed regression of pathological changes
in the spinal cord. Conclusion. A wide range of disorders can cause LETM, but
usually the first line diagnosis is neuromyelitis optica (NMO). Based on the
detection of NMO immunoglobulin G in the serum of affected patients, a
variety of allied disorders were grouped under the name of NMO spectrum
disorders, including recurrent myelitis associated with LETM and myelitis
associated with autoimmune disorders such as SS. There have been only a few
cases reported in the literature with recurrent LETM associated with
non-organ specific autoimmune disorder.
Transitional cell carcinoma in orthotopic ileal neobladder 12 years after radical cystectomy
Authors: Hadzi-Djokic Jovan , Pejcic Tomislav , Andrejevic Vladan , Djurasic Ljubomir
Published: November 2013

Introduction. Some cases of secondary adenocarcinoma developing in the
replaced bowel segment of urinary diversions have been reported so far.
Secondary adenocarcinoma develops 20 years after surgery in about 0.5% of
those in whom an ileal segment is used. There have been several reports in
the literature describing extensions of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC)
from the distal urether into an ileal conduit. Histology of loop tumor in 50%
was TCC. The site of tumors in the majority of cases is the area at the
uretheral orifices or the stoma. Case report. We presented a rare case of
transitional cell carcinoma in an orthotopic ileal neobladder 12 years after
radical cystoprostatectomy and ileal neobladder with the substitution by the
procedure Camey II. A 65-year-old man with high-grade urothelial carcinoma of
neobladder underwent partial resection of neobladder and right
nephroureterectomy. Pathological analysis revealed high-grade urothelial
carcinoma to the ileal neobladder (G II, Stage T2b). The patient died of
laryngeal cancer a year after the surgery. Conclusion. Surgery of tumors in
orthotopic neobladders is possible if diagnosed in time. In the presented
case surgery resulted only in a decrease in the capacity of the neobladder
without having an effect on the continence itself.
Exenatide Treatment for 6 Months Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Sarkar Gayatri , Alattar May , Brown Rebecca J. , Quon Michael J. , Harlan David M. , Rother Kristina I.
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE

Exenatide treatment improves glycemia in adults with type 2 diabetes and has been shown to reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. We studied the effects of exenatide on glucose homeostasis in adults with long-standing type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Fourteen patients with type 1 diabetes participated in a crossover study of 6 months' duration on exenatide (10 μg four times a day) and 6 months off exenatide. We assessed changes in fasting and postprandial blood glucose and changes in insulin sensitivity before and after each study period.

RESULTS

High-dose exenatide therapy reduced postprandial blood glucose but was associated with higher fasting glucose concentrations without net changes in hemoglobin A1c. Exenatide increased insulin sensitivity beyond the effects expected as a result of weight reduction.

CONCLUSIONS

Exenatide is a promising adjunctive agent to insulin therapy because of its beneficial effects on postprandial blood glucose and insulin sensitivity in patients with type 1 diabetes.
Bilateral Oophorectomy and the Risk of Incident Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Appiah Duke , Winters Stephen J. , Hornung Carlton A.
Published: November 2013

OBJECTIVE

Ovarian hormones regulate glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. Despite the high frequency of surgical menopause, its relationship with diabetes has not been extensively investigated. We assessed the association between hysterectomy with or without bilateral oophorectomy (BSO) status, menopausal age, and reproductive life span with incident diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data were from a cohort of 2,597 postmenopausal women enrolled in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study without diabetes mellitus at baseline. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs.

RESULTS

After a median follow-up time of 9.2 years, the incidence of diabetes (in cases per 1,000 person-years) was 7.4 for women with no hysterectomy or BSO, 8.2 for hysterectomy alone, and 8.5 for hysterectomy with BSO. Hysterectomy status was associated positively with diabetes (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.23–2.23). However, the elevated risk was restricted to women with both hysterectomy and BSO after adjustment for relevant confounders (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.03–2.41). An earlier age at menopause and a shorter reproductive life span also exhibited a linear relationship with the development of diabetes irrespective of type of menopause (P for trend = 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Women with hysterectomy concomitant with BSO may represent a unique population with elevated risk for diabetes and other chronic diseases. Therefore, the decision to remove the ovaries at the time of hysterectomy for benign conditions during the premenopausal years should be balanced with the risk of diabetes and its potential complications. Furthermore, the mechanism linking BSO to diabetes mellitus needs to be clarified.
Landfill leachate treatment using the sequencing batch biofilm reactor method integrated with the electro-Fenton process
Authors: Zhang Dao-Bin , Wu Xiao-Gang , Wang Yi-Si , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2013

A study was conducted on the treatment of landfill leachate by combining the sequencing batch biofilm reactor (SBBR) method with the electro-Fenton method. The reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD5), and ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N) from the leachate by the SBBR method was investigated. For the electro-Fenton experiment, the changes in COD and total organic carbon (TOC) with the increase in H2O2 dosage and electrolysis time under optimal conditions were also analysed. The results showed that the average efficiencies of reduction of COD, BOD5, and NH4+ -N achieved using the SBBR method were 21.6 %, 54.7 %, and 56.1 %, respectively. The bio-effluent was degraded by the subsequent electro-Fenton process, which was rapid over the first 30 min then subsequently slowed. After 60 min of the electro-Fenton treatment, the efficiencies of reduction of TOC, COD, and BOD5 were 40.5 %, 71.6 %, and 61.0 %, respectively. There is a good correlation between the absorbance of leachate at 254 nm (UV254) and COD or TOC during the electro-Fenton treatment.
Separation of Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions by supported liquid membrane using D2EHPA/M2EHPA as mobile carrier
Authors: Mahmoodi Roghaye , Mohammadi Toraj , Moghadam Mansoor
Published: November 2013

The separation of Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions was studied in an aqueous sulphate medium using supported liquid membrane (SLM). D2EHPA/M2EHPA was used as a mobile carrier, microporous hydrophobic PTFE film was used as a solid support for the liquid membrane, and the strip phase was sulphuric acid. The effects of different parameters such as feed concentration, carrier concentration, feed phase pH, and strip phase pH on the separation factor and flux of Cd(II) and Ni(II) ions were studied. The optimum values obtained to achieve the maximum flux were 5.0 for feed pH, 40 vol. % for D2EHPA/M2EHPA concentration in the membrane phase, 0.5 for strip pH, and 0.012 mass % for feed concentration. Under these optimum conditions, the flux values of Cd(II) and Ni(II) were 15.7 × 10−7 kg m−2 s−1 and 2.6 × 10−7 kg m−2 s−1, respectively. The separation factors of Cd(II) over Ni(II) were studied under different experimental conditions. At a carrier concentration of 10 vol. % and feed concentration of 0.012 mass %, the maximum value of 185.1 was obtained for the separation factor of Cd(II) over Ni(II). After 24 h, the percentages of the extracted Cd(II) and Ni(II) were 83.3 % and 0.45 %, respectively.
Bridge Construction Management
Authors: Dhiman R. K.
Published: November 2013

There is urgent need to manage long span bridge project efficiently to compete with technological challenges. Construction management basically a tool to complete the project effectively within fixed amount but in less time. Manager should have detailed knowledge of sequence of all the activities. Decision making for both side contractor and client needs to be fast and time bound otherwise the project will get delayed which will have time and cost over run. Control in form of reviewing monitoring has a catalystic effect to boost the progress. Various aspects for effective construction management of long span bridges has been discussed in this paper.
Microbial Flora of Corneal Ulcer and their Drugs Sensitivity
Authors: Kunwar Meena , Adhikari Rishi Kant , Karki Deep Bahadur
Published: November 2013

Introduction: Corneal ulcer is a leading cause of ocular morbidity and blindness worldwide. Knowledge of the common organism causing corneal ulcers and the sensitivity of the bacteria will help formulate the fi rst line of treatment which would have relatively high percentage of success even in areas devoid of diagnostic facilities. The main objective of this study was to fi nd out commonest organisms that cause corneal ulcers and to determine their antimicrobial susceptibility. Methods: This was a prospective study of 55 consecutive cases of corneal ulcers. Patients who had congenital abnormality of cornea, uncooperative patient not allowing to do corneal scrapping, patient with suspected or confi rmed viral keratitis, Patient with corneal ulcer with HIV positive and all non-infective corneal ulcers were excluded from the study. Results: Of 55 cases enrolled in this study microorganisms were grown from 31 (56%) cases. Of 31 growth positive cases, 17 (54.8%) showed pure bacterial growth, 13 (41.9%) cases showed pure fungal growth and in only 1 (3.2%) case there was mixed (bacteria and fungus) growth. Among the tested antibiotic, sensitivity of Ciprofl oxacin and Gentamicinewas 100% and that of Ceftriaxone was nearly 94%. Almost 20% bacteria were resistant to Chloramphenicol. Sensitivity of newer quinolone (Ofl oxacine) was also not very high, having more than 20% bacteria resistant to it. Conclusions: The commonest organism responsible for bacterial keratitis was strepto. Pneumonia. Ciprofl oxacin and Gentamicin were the most sensitive antibiotics.  Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; January-June 2013/vol.12/Issue1/14-17DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9086
A Rare Anomaly in Circle of Willis
Authors: Pokhrel Rishi , Bhatnagar Rajan
Published: November 2013

Anomalies in circle of Willis are very common and complete functioning ring as classically described is found only in 85 % of population. Most anomalies however are in posterior segment. We report a case of rare anomaly of anterior segment, where anterior communicating artery was completely absent and both anterior cerebral arteries arose from right internal carotid artery. Since both the frontal lobes of cerebrum are dependent upon right internal carotid artery for vascularization, with a poor communication with its left counterpart, ischemia or stroke in an event of pathological or iatrogenic compression of right internal carotid artery can occur.Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; January-June 2013/vol.12/Issue1/41-42DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9093
PEFR, FEF25-75 and MVV In Type-1 Diabetic Male And Their Relationships With HbA1c
Authors: Arif Khan Mohammad , Jahan Nasim , Sultana Nayma
Published: November 2013

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic and debilitating disease. Its complications give rise to microvascular, macrovascular and neuropathic diseases which affect eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels and also lungs. So, there may be a relationship between type-1 diabetes and reduced lung function. Objectives: To observe PEFR, FEF25-75 and MVV and their relationship with HbA1c in type- 1 diabetic male in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Sir Salimullah Medical College, Dhaka between 1st January and 31st December 2009. A total 30 type-1 diabetic male subjects, age 18-30 years were taken as study group. Another 30 apparently healthy age, sex, BMI and socioeconomic status matched non-diabetic persons were also included as control. For assessment of lung function PEFR, FEF25-75 and MVV of all the subjects were measured by a digital spirometer. Again, to observe glycemic control serum blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels of diabetic patients were also measured by usual laboratory technique. Data were analyzed by unpairedt test and Pearsons correlation coefficient test. Results: PEFR (p<0.001), FEF25-75 (p<0.001), and MVV (p <0.001) were significantly lower in type-1 diabetic patients in comparison to those of apparently healthy non-diabetic male. Again, their PEFR (p < 0.05), FEF25-75 (p>0.05), and MVV (p<0.05) were negatively correlated with HbA1c. Conclusion: The lung functions were lower in type-1 diabetic male in comparison to those of non-diabetic counterpart and this reduction is mainly due to poor glycemic control. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v8i1.16642 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2013, June; 8(1): 16-20
FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio and FEF25-75% in End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis
Authors: Hoque Farhana , Begum Shelina , Latif Abdul , Begum Afroza , Sultana Shamima
Published: November 2013

Background: End-stage renal disease causes multiple pulmonary complications and lung functions are decreased in ESRD patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Objectives: To observe FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio and FEF25-75% in ESRD patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis to evaluate their lung functions status. Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, BSMMU, Dhaka, from July 2011 to June 2012. For this, 30 ESRD patients aged 25-55 years undergoing maintenance haemodialysis with less than 1 year duration were studied and 30 age, sex matched healthy subjects were taken as control. Patients were selected from the Nephrology department of BSMMU, Dhaka. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio and FEF25-75% were measured by a Digital Spirometer. For statistical analysis Independent Samplet test and One way ANOVA test were performed as applicable. Results: The mean percentage of predicted values of FVC, FEV1 and FEF25-75% were significantly lower in patients except FEV1/FVC ratio which was almost similar to control. 63.33% patients had restrictive and 36.67% patients had both restrictive and obstructive (small airway obstruction) feature. Conclusion: This study concluded that some pulmonary functions were markedly reduced in ESRD patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. In addition most of the patients were suffering from restrictive and some of them were affected with both obstructive and restrictive type of pulmonary disorders. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbsp.v8i1.16645 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2013, June; 8(1): 33-36
Silencing the SpMPK1, SpMPK2, and SpMPK3 Genes in Tomato Reduces Abscisic Acid—Mediated Drought Tolerance
Authors: Li Cui , Yan Jian-Min , Li Yun-Zhou , Zhang Zhen-Cai , Wang Qiao-Li , Liang Yan
Published: November 2013

Drought is a major threat to agriculture production worldwide. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play a pivotal role in sensing and converting stress signals into appropriate responses so that plants can adapt and survive. To examine the function of MAPKs in the drought tolerance of tomato plants, we silenced the SpMPK1, SpMPK2, and SpMPK3 genes in wild-type plants using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) method. The results indicate that silencing the individual genes or co-silencing SpMPK1, SpMPK2, and SpMPK3 reduced the drought tolerance of tomato plants by varying degrees. Co-silencing SpMPK1 and SpMPK2 impaired abscisic acid (ABA)-induced and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced stomatal closure and enhanced ABA-induced H2O2 production. Similar results were observed when silencing SpMPK3 alone, but not when SpMPK1 and SpMPK2 were individually silenced. These data suggest that the functions of SpMPK1 and SpMPK2 are redundant, and they overlap with that of SpMPK3 in drought stress signaling pathways. In addition, we found that SpMPK3 may regulate H2O2 levels by mediating the expression of CAT1. Hence, SpMPK1, SpMPK2, and SpMPK3 may play crucial roles in enhancing tomato plants’ drought tolerance by influencing stomatal activity and H2O2 production via the ABA-H2O2 pathway.
Association of Metabolic Syndrome and Albuminuria with Cardiovascular Risk in Occupational Drivers
Authors: Chen Szu-Chia , Chang Jer-Ming , Lin Ming-Yen , Hou Meng-Ling , Tsai Jer-Chia , Hwang Shang-Jyh , Chen Hung-Chun
Published: November 2013

Background and Aim: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and albuminuria increase cardiovascular risk. However, in occupational drivers, the clinical significance of albuminuria and its association with MetS remain unclear. We investigated the prevalence of MetS, albuminuria and cardiovascular risk, and its associated risk factors in occupational drivers; Methods: 441 occupational drivers and 432 age- and sex-stratified matched counterpart controls were enrolled. MetS was defined using Adult Treatment Panel III for Asians. Albuminuria was defined as urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/g. Cardiovascular disease risk was evaluated by Framingham Risk Score (FRS); Results: A significantly higher prevalence of MetS (43.1% vs. 25.5%, p < 0.001), albuminuria (12.0% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.001) and high FRS risk ≥ 10% of 10-year risk (46.9% vs. 35.2%, p < 0.001) was found in occupational drivers compared with their counterpart controls. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that old age, a history of diabetes, gout and betel nut chewing, less exercise and albuminuria (odds ratio [OR], 2.75; p = 0.01) were risk factors for MetS, while a history of renal disease, diabetes and hypertension, and MetS (OR, 2.28; p = 0.01) were risk factors for albuminuria in occupational drivers; Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that MetS and albuminuria were public health problems in occupational drivers. An education program for promoting healthy lifestyle and a regular occupational health visit for early detection and interventions should be established.
Long-Term Consumption of Oats in Adult Celiac Disease Patients
Authors: Kaukinen Katri , Collin Pekka , Huhtala Heini , Mäki Markku
Published: November 2013

Many celiac disease patients tolerate oats, but limited data are available on its long-term consumption. This was evaluated in the present study, focusing on small-bowel mucosal histology and gastrointestinal symptoms in celiac adults maintaining a strict gluten-free diet with or without oats. Altogether 106 long-term treated celiac adults were enrolled for this cross-sectional follow-up study. Daily consumption of oats and fiber was assessed, and small-bowel mucosal morphology and densities of CD3+, αβ+ and γσ+ intraepithelial lymphocytes determined. Gastrointestinal symptoms were assessed by a validated Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale questionnaire. Seventy (66%) out of the 106 treated celiac disease patients had consumed a median of 20 g of oats (range 1–100 g) per day for up to eight years; all consumed oat products bought from general stores. Daily intake and long-term consumption of oats did not result in small-bowel mucosal villous damage, inflammation, or gastrointestinal symptoms. Oat-consumers had a significantly higher daily intake of fiber than those who did not use oats. Two thirds of celiac disease patients preferred to use oats in their daily diet. Even long-term ingestion of oats had no harmful effects.
Theoretical Calculation of the Gas-Sensing Properties of Pt-Decorated Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxing , Dai Ziqiang , Wei Li , Liang Naifeng , Wu Xiaoqing
Published: November 2013

The gas-sensing properties of Pt-decorated carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which provide a foundation for the fabrication of sensors, have been evaluated. In this study, we calculated the gas adsorption of Pt-decorated (8,0) single-wall CNTs (Pt-SWCNTs) with SO2, H2S, and CO using GGA/PW91 method based on density functional theory. The adsorption energies and the changes in geometric and electronic structures after absorption were comprehensively analyzed to estimate the responses of Pt-SWCNTs. Results indicated that Pt-SWCNTs can respond to the three gases. The electrical characteristics of Pt-SWCNTs show different changes after adsorption. Pt-SWCNTs donate electrons and increase the number of hole carriers after adsorbing SO2, thereby enhancing its conductivity. When H2S is adsorbed on CNTs, electrons are transferred from H2S to Pt-SWCNTs, converting Pt-SWCNTs from p-type to n-type sensors with improved conductivity. However, Pt-SWCNTs obtain electrons and show decreased conductivity when reacted with CO gas.
Multi-Matrices Factorization with Application to Missing Sensor Data Imputation
Authors: Huang Xiao-Yu , Li Wubin , Chen Kang , Xiang Xian-Hong , Pan Rong , Li Lei , Cai Wen-Xue
Published: November 2013

We formulate a multi-matrices factorization model (MMF) for the missing sensor data estimation problem. The estimation problem is adequately transformed into a matrix completion one. With MMF, an n-by-t real matrix, R, is adopted to represent the data collected by mobile sensors from n areas at the time, T1, T2, ... , Tt, where the entry, Rij, is the aggregate value of the data collected in the ith area at Tj . We propose to approximate R by seeking a family of d-by-n probabilistic spatial feature matrices, U(1), U(2), ... , U(t), and a probabilistic temporal feature matrix, V E Rdxt, where Rj ≈ UT(j)Tj . We also present a solution algorithm to the proposed model. We evaluate MMF with synthetic data and a real-world sensor dataset extensively. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art comparison algorithms.
Recent Advances and Achievements in Nanomaterial-Based, and Structure Switchable Aptasensing Platforms for Ochratoxin A Detection
Authors: Hayat Akhtar , Yang Cheng , Rhouati Amina , Marty Jean
Published: November 2013

Aptamer-based bioreceptors that can easily adopt their surroundings have captured the attention of scientists from a wide spectrum of domains in designing highly sensitive, selective and structure switchable sensing assays. Through elaborate design and chemical functionalization, numerous aptamer-based assays have been developed that can switch their conformation upon incubation with target analyte, resulting in an enhanced output signal. To further lower the detection limits to picomolar levels, nanomaterials have attracted great interest in the design of aptamer-based sensing platforms. Associated to their unique properties, nanomaterials offer great promise for numerous aptasensing applications. This review will discuss current research activities in the aptasensing with typical example of detection of ochratoxin A (OTA). OTA, a secondary fungal metabolite, contaminates a variety of food commodities, and has several toxicological effects such as nephrotoxic, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, teratogenic and immunotoxic activities. The review will introduce advances made in the methods of integrating nanomaterials in aptasensing, and will discuss current conformational switchable design strategies in aptasensor fabrication methodologies.
De paysans à Indiens, les représentations de la paysannerie latino-américaine, de 1970 à 2000
Authors: Hoffmann Odile
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- L'analyse rétrospective des études portant sur le monde rural en Amérique latine ces trente dernières années (1970-2000) permet de repérer les fractures et les inflexions dans les théories et les pratiques de la recherche. On peut alors relier ces évolutions aux transformations économiques et politiques majeures du continent, dont la globalisation. Le paysan disparaît comme sujet social au moment où émergent les acteurs ethniques, indiens et noirs, qui fondent leur légitimité sur les discours mondialisés de défense des minorités et de l'environnement.
Del avance de la frontera agrícola al manejo forestal comunitario: Petén, Guatemala
Authors: Effantin Rachel , Elias Gramajo Silvel
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- El departamento de Peten (Guatemala), la Reserva de la Biosfera Maya nació del doble reto de contestar la presión sobre la tierra y de preservar el medio ambiente. Frente a una política oficial conservadora, las organizaciones comunitarias han formado un frente que actúa a nivel local en la implementación de un modelo de «concesiones forestales comunitarias», así como a nivel nacional e internacional.
Migrations et mobilités circulatoires dans les Andes boliviennes. La face cachée d'une ruralité « en résistance »
Authors: Cortes Geneviève
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- Based on Bolivia's example, this article proposes a reflection about rurality in the Andes' region through the prism of circulating mobilities. The last thirty years bring to the fore a fragilisation and a marginalisation of the peasant world which have provoked an intense rural migration towards the main urban centers, subtropical regions or even abroad. But beyond different processes which accompany this migrations, the acknowledgement of a demographic and economic maintenance of farmers' society demands attention. This resistance can be explained partly by practices of an «ambiguous» mobility which go beyond the rural exod's logic breaking. The circulation of populations is a part of places' networking on a regional or transnational scale and contributes to the coming forward of enlarged and articulated territories of bolivian rurality. Taking into account these circulations, living resources of a rural world in danger, represents a mayor chanllenge for local societies as well as for political actors of this developement.
Une campagne « d'agriculteurs citadins » : le Sud-Ouest de la province de Buenos Aires
Authors: Albaladejo Christophe
Published: November 2013

RÉSUMÉ- Reprenant l'idée « d'agriculteurs citadins », proposée par Romain Gaignard à la fin de sa thèse d'Etat (1979), cet article cherche à montrer sa pertinence pour l'étude des « ruralités » pampéennes actuelles en prenant appui sur le cas du Sud-Ouest de la Province de Buenos Aires. Cette idée nous invite à dépasser une dichotomie ville/campagne dans la compréhension des trajectoires et des comportements des agriculteurs ainsi que de la complexité de leurs organisations sociales.
Romain Gaignard et la Pampa argentine : le regard original et perspicace d'un Européen
Authors: Devoto Rubén , Guibert Martine
Published: November 2013

RESUMEN- De acuerdo a la línea iniciada por Romain Gaignard, se puede pensar que el porvenir de la pampa argentina quedará vinculado a una adaptación permanente a las necesidades variables del mercado europeo. A pesar de crisis y dificultades y contra el consabido tópico, el dinamismo de los productores pampeanos puede ser un modelo para los agricultores europeos.
La estética del desarraigo
Authors: Piedrahita Orrego Lucrecia
Published: November 2013

ABSTRACT- Forced «moving» is a national tragedy in Colombia. Levels of communication that can be observed in «moved» districts define an identity which marks itself very strongly in the urban fabric. These are spaces without a space, giving birth to configurations that ignore the limit. Private space becomes public and people live their intimate lives under supervision.
One-pot sequential synthesis of isocyanates and urea derivatives via a microwave-assisted Staudinger–aza-Wittig reaction
Authors: Carnaroglio Diego , Martina Katia , Palmisano Giovanni , Penoni Andrea , Domini Claudia , Cravotto Giancarlo
Published: November 2013

A fast and efficient protocol for the synthesis of N,N'-disubstituted urea derivatives from alkyl halides and primary or secondary amines has been developed. The synthetic pathway combines nucleophilic substitutions and a Staudinger–aza-Wittig reaction in the presence of polymer-bound diphenylphosphine under 14 bar of CO2 pressure and has been performed in a one-pot two-step process. The protocol has been optimized under microwave irradiation and the scale-up experiment has been conducted under conventional conditions in a Parr reactor. The final compounds were isolated after simple filtration in almost quantitative overall yields which makes this procedure facile and rapid to execute.
HOW TO INVEST IN BELGIAN SHARES BY MULTIMOORA OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Brauers Willem K. M. , Ginevičius Romualdas
Published: November 2013

Different multiple objectives expressed in different units make optimization difficult. Therefore, the internal mechanical solution of a Ratio System, producing dimensionless numbers, is preferred to weights, which are most of the time used to compare the different units. In addition, the ratio system creates the opportunity to use a second approach: a non-subjective Reference Point Theory. Therefore, the Reference Point Theory uses the ratios found in the ratio system as co-ordinates for the alternative solutions, which are then compared to a Maximal Objective Reference Point. The two approaches form a control on each other. This overall theory is called MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis). The results are still more convincing if a Full Multiplicative Form is added, three methods assembled under the name of MULTIMOORA. At that moment, the control by three different approaches forms a guaranty for a solution being as non-subjective as possible. As to calculate the sum of three obtained ranks is not allowed, a theory of Ordinal Dominance is developed in order to remain in the ordinal sphere.
Three new species of the millipede genus Hyleoglomeris Verhoeff, 1910 from the Aegean region of Greece (Diplopoda, Glomerida, Glomeridae)
Authors: Golovatch Sergei
Published: November 2013

Three new cavernicolous species of Hyleoglomeris are described from Greece: H. subreducta sp.n., from Chios Island, H. translucida sp.n., from Rhodes Island, and H. insularis sp.n., from Kalymnos Island, all in the Aegean Sea.
L'épilepsie de l'enfant
Authors: Ville Dorothée
Published: November 2013

L’épilepsie de l’enfant est une pathologie fréquente qui revêt de multiples facettes, en raison de la diversité des syndromes et des étiologies sous-jacentes, de la multiplication des traitements antiépileptiques disponibles, de la variété des conséquences neuropsychologiques, psychologiques, sociofamiliales et scolaires, et de la dualité entre les contraintes liées au caractère chronique de la maladie et la gestion de la survenue d’épisodes aigus imprévisibles. Face à une épilepsie, l’objectif du neuropédiatre est d’intégrer le tableau électroclinique de l’enfant à un syndrome épileptique identifié et de guider ainsi l’orientation étiologique, le discours pronostique et la démarche thérapeutique. L’épilepsie pédiatrique peut aussi bien révéler des tableaux sévères (encéphalopathies épileptiques précoces, syndrome de West...) associés à des maladies neurologiques sous-jacentes telles que des malformations cérébrales, anomalies génétiques et métaboliques, mais elle peut également être l’expression de syndromes idiopathiques d’expression transitoire et d’évolution bénigne. Le suivi d’un enfant porteur d’une épilepsie ne doit pas se limiter à la prescription d’un traitement antiépileptique mais doit prendre en compte les aspects cognitifs, les éventuels troubles psychologiques, et le retentissement scolaire et sociofamilial. Cette prise en charge revêt donc un caractère multidisciplinaire et fait intervenir de multiples intervenants médicaux et paramédicaux. La coordination entre ces différents acteurs est un élément clé de la cohérence de la prise en charge.