bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Function and Myocardial Triglyceride Content on 3T Cardiac MR Predict Major Cardiovascular Adverse Events and Readmission in Patients Hospitalized with Acute Heart Failure
Authors: Chang Kuang-Fu , Lin Gigin , Huang Pei-Ching , Juan Yu-Hsiang , Wang Chao-Hung , Tsai Shang-Yueh , Lin Yu-Ching , Wu Ming-Ting , Liao Pen-An , Yang Lan-Yan , Liu Min-Hui , Lin Yu-Chun , Wang Jiun-Jie , Ng Koon-Kwan , Ng Shu-Hang
Published: January 2020

Background: This prospective study was designed to investigate whether myocardial triglyceride (TG) content from proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and left ventricular (LV) function parameters from cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) can serve as imaging biomarkers in predicting future major cardiovascular adverse events (MACE) and readmission in patients who had been hospitalized for acute heart failure (HF). Methods: Patients who were discharged after hospitalization for acute HF were prospectively enrolled. On a 3.0 T MR scanner, myocardial TG contents were measured using MRS, and LV parameters (function and mass) were evaluated using cine. The occurrence of MACE and the HF-related readmission served as the endpoints. Independent predictors were identified using univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Results: A total of 133 patients (mean age, 52.4 years) were enrolled. The mean duration of follow-up in surviving patients was 775 days. Baseline LV functional parameters—including ejection fraction, LV end-diastolic volume, LV end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI), and LV end-systolic volume (p < 0.0001 for all), and myocardial mass (p = 0.010)—were significantly associated with MACE. Multivariable analysis revealed that LVEDVI was the independent predictor for MACE, while myocardial mass was the independent predictor for 3- and 12-month readmission. Myocardial TG content (lipid resonances δ 1.6 ppm) was significantly associated with readmission in patients with ischemic heart disease. Conclusions: LVEDVI and myocardial mass are potential imaging biomarkers that independently predict MACE and readmission, respectively, in patients discharged after hospitalization for acute HF. Myocardial TG predicts readmission in patients with a history of ischemic heart disease.
Flow Cytometry-Based Quantification of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Shows an Association with Hypercoagulation in Septic Shock and Hypocoagulation in Postsurgical Systemic Inflammation—A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Schneck Emmanuel , Mallek Franziska , Schiederich Julia , Kramer Emil , Markmann Melanie , Hecker Matthias , Sommer Natascha , Weissmann Norbert , Pak Oleg , Michel Gabriela , Hecker Andreas , Padberg Winfried , Boening Andreas , Sander Michael , Koch Christian
Published: January 2020

This proof-of-concept study aimed to evaluate a novel method of flow cytometry-based quantification of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in septic shock patients and to identify possible interactions between the number of free-circulating NETs and alterations of the coagulatory system. Patients suffering from septic shock, a matched control group (CTRL), and patients suffering from systemic inflammation after cardiac (CABG) or major abdominal surgery (MAS) were enrolled in this prospective proof-of-concept study. Compared to the matched controls, free-circulating NETs were significantly elevated in septic shock and postsurgical patients (data are presented in median (IQR)); septic shock: (2.7 (1.9–3.9); CABG: 2.7 (2.1–3.7); MAS: 2.7 (2.1–3.9); CTRL: 1.6 (1–2); CTRL vs. septic shock: p = 0.001; CTRL vs. CABG: p < 0.001; CTRL vs. MAS: p < 0.001). NETs correlated positively with FIBTEM mean clot firmness (MCF) in septic shock patients (r = 0.37, p < 0.01) while they correlated negatively in surgical patients (CABG: r = −0.28, p < 0.01; MAS: r = −0.25, p = 0.03). Flow-cytometric quantification of NETs showed a significant increase in free-circulating NETs under inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, this study hints to an association of the number of NETs with hypercoagulation in septic shock patients and hypocoagulation in surgery-induced inflammation.
Enhanced Nitric Oxide (NO) and Decreased ADMA Synthesis in Pediatric ADHD and Selective Potentiation of NO Synthesis by Methylphenidate
Authors: Jansen Kathrin , Hanusch Beatrice , Pross Saskia , Hanff Erik , Drabert Kathrin , Bollenbach Alexander , Dugave Irina , Carmann Christina , Siefen Rainer Georg , Emons Barbara , Juckel Georg , Legenbauer Tanja , Tsikas Dimitrios , Lücke Thomas
Published: January 2020

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common pediatric psychiatric disorder, frequently treated with methylphenidate (MPH). Recently, MPH’s cardiovascular safety has been questioned by observational studies describing an increased cardiovascular risk in adults and blood pressure alterations in children. We considered members of the L-arginine (Arg)/nitric oxide (NO) pathway as possible early cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric ADHD children. They include the NO metabolites, nitrite and nitrate, the NO precursor Arg, and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), an endogenous NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor and a cardiovascular risk factor in adults. We conducted a prospective clinical trial with 42 ADHD children (aged 6–16 years) with (n = 19) and without (n = 23) MPH treatment. Age-matched children without ADHD (n = 43) served as controls. All plasma and urine metabolites were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We observed higher plasma nitrite and lower plasma ADMA concentrations in the ADHD children. MPH-treated ADHD children had higher plasma nitrite concentrations than MPH-untreated ADHD children. As NOS activity is basally inhibited by ADMA, MPH treatment seems to have decreased the inhibitory potency of ADMA. Percentiles of systolic blood pressure were higher in MPH-treated ADHD children. The underlying mechanisms and their implications in the MPH therapy of pediatric ADHD with MPH remain to be elucidated in larger cohorts.
Evaluation of Welded Joints in P91 Steel under Different Heat-Treatment Conditions
Authors: Silva Francisco José Gomes , Pinho António Pedro , Pereira António Bastos , Coutinho Paiva Olga
Published: January 2020

P91 steel has been of interest to many researchers over the past two decades. This interest is because this steel has very interesting characteristics for application in power plants, where it is common to have pipes that need to support steam at temperatures between 570 and 600 °C, and at pressures in the range of 170 to 230 bar. These working conditions are quite severe for most common steels, requiring increased high-temperature mechanical strength as well as high creep resistance. The manufacture of these pipes normally includes welding operations, which must preserve the main characteristics of this type of steel. This justifies the concern of the researchers to ensure the best welding conditions so that the preservation of the properties of these steels becomes possible. The present work intends to depict the best results obtained varying the heat-treatment conditions applied to weldments made on heat-resistant steel P91. This steel usually takes the designation SA 213 T91 (seamless tube) or SA 335 P91 (seamless pipe), according to ASME II, as well as the designation X10CrMOVNb9-1 according to EN 10216-2. The purpose of this study is to compare the behavior of pipe welding under different post-welding heat-treatment (PWHT) conditions. One of them is performed with thermal cycles (preheating, post-heating, and the post-weld heat treatment) in agreement with most construction codes and standard rules. The second one is performed without any thermal cycle before and after welding. Both welds were made by the same process, TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas, or GTAW—Gas Tungsten Arc Welding) in the horizontal position (2G according to ASME IX) and the same welding parameters. In order to evaluate the results obtained in the welds, microstructure analyses, hardness measurements, bending tests, and tensile tests at room and high temperature (600 °C) have been performed. Other tests were also carried out according to the quality procedures, such as visual, penetrant dye, and X-ray tests. Regarding the different strategies used in the heat treatments, the best results have been obtained using a strategy similar to the one currently in use and recommended by construction codes and steel manufacturers but excluding the phases’ transformation time, and it was possible to observe that the tensile strength is impaired by about 2% to 9% at room and elevated temperatures, respectively; the elongation is reduced by 39% at room temperature but keeps a good performance at elevated temperature; the hardness profile is very similar at both temperatures; the microstructure presented is compatible with the requirements; and no cracking trend has been reported. Thus, a new strategy for the welding heat treatment of grade 91 steels was drawn, saving energy and processing time.
Bionic Repair of Thermal Fatigue Cracks in Ductile Iron by Laser Melting with Different Laser Parameters
Authors: Ma Siyuan , Zhou Ti , Zhou Hong , Chang Geng , Zhi Benfeng , Wang Siyang
Published: January 2020

Nodular iron brake discs typically fail due to serious thermal fatigue cracking, and the presence of graphite complicates the repair of crack defects in ductile iron. This study presents a novel method for remanufacturing ductile iron brake discs based on coupled bionics to repair thermal fatigue cracks discontinuously using bio-inspired crack blocking units fabricated by laser remelting at various laser energy inputs. Then, the ultimate tensile force and thermal fatigue crack resistance of the obtained units were tested. The microhardness, microstructure, and phases of the units were characterized using a digital microhardness meter, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. It was found that the units without defects positively impacted both the thermal fatigue resistance and tensile strength. The unit fabricated at a laser energy of 165.6 − 15 + 19 J/ mm 2 had sufficient depth to fully close the crack, and exhibited superior anti-cracking and tensile properties. When the unit distance is 3 mm, the sample has excellent thermal fatigue resistance. In addition, the anti-crack mechanism of the units was analysed.
Corrosion Behaviors of Selective Laser Melted Aluminum Alloys: A Review
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Zhang Chaoqun , Jia Dan , Wellmann Daniel , Liu Wen
Published: January 2020

Selective laser melting (SLM) is an ideal method to directly fabricate products with high geometrical complexity. With low density and good corrosion resistance, aluminum alloys are widely used as important structural materials. Microstructures and mechanical properties of SLMed aluminum alloys have been recently widely studied. Corrosion behavior as a vital concern during the service of SLMed aluminum alloy parts has also drawn many attentions. Previous studies have found that SLM-processed aluminum alloys exhibit better corrosion resistance compared to the casted and wrought counterparts for both Al-Si alloys and high strength 2xxx Al alloys, which is mainly due to the unique microstructure features of SLMed Al alloys. For Al-Si alloys, with different shapes of Si networks, the different building planes show discrepant corrosion behaviors. Owing to the rougher surface with relatively larger numbers of defects, the as-printed surface is vulnerable to corrosion than the polished. Heat treatment has a negative effect on corrosion resistance due to the breakup of Si networks. The microstructure features correlated with the corrosion behaviors were also reviewed in this paper. Some suggestions on the future study of corrosion behaviors of SLMed Al alloys were put forward.
In-Situ Defect Detection in Laser Powder Bed Fusion by Using Thermography and Optical Tomography—Comparison to Computed Tomography
Authors: Mohr Gunther , Altenburg Simon J. , Ulbricht Alexander , Heinrich Philipp , Baum Daniel , Maierhofer Christiane , Hilgenberg Kai
Published: January 2020

Among additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) is one of the most important technologies to produce metallic components. The layer-wise build-up of components and the complex process conditions increase the probability of the occurrence of defects. However, due to the iterative nature of its manufacturing process and in contrast to conventional manufacturing technologies such as casting, L-PBF offers unique opportunities for in-situ monitoring. In this study, two cameras were successfully tested simultaneously as a machine manufacturer independent process monitoring setup: a high-frequency infrared camera and a camera for long time exposure, working in the visible and infrared spectrum and equipped with a near infrared filter. An AISI 316L stainless steel specimen with integrated artificial defects has been monitored during the build. The acquired camera data was compared to data obtained by computed tomography. A promising and easy to use examination method for data analysis was developed and correlations between measured signals and defects were identified. Moreover, sources of possible data misinterpretation were specified. Lastly, attempts for automatic data analysis by data integration are presented.
A Design Methodology of Digital Control System for MEMS Gyroscope Based on Multi-Objective Parameter Optimization
Authors: Gu Haoyu , Su Wei , Zhao Baolin , Zhou Hao , Liu Xianxue
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a novel multi-objective parameter optimization method based on the genetic algorithm (GA) and adaptive moment estimation (Adam) algorithm for the design of a closed-loop control system for the sense mode of a Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) gyroscope. The proposed method can improve the immunity of the control system to fabrication tolerances and external noise. The design procedure starts by deriving a parameterized model of the closed-loop of the sense mode. The loop parameters are then optimized by the GA. Finally, the ensemble of optimized loop parameters is tested by Monte Carlo analysis to obtain a robust optimal solution. Simultaneously, the Adam-least mean square (LMS) demodulator, which is appropriate for the demodulation of very noisy signals, is also presented. Compared with the traditional method, the time consumption of the design process is reduced significantly. The digital control system is implemented by the print circuit board based on embedded Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). The experimental results show that the optimized control loop has achieved a better performance, the system bandwidth in open-loop and optimal closed-loop control system is about 23 Hz and 101 Hz, respectively. Compared to a non-optimized closed-loop system, the bias instability reduced from 0.0015°/s to 7.52 × 10−4°/s, the scale factor increased from 17.7 mV/(°/s) to 23 mV/(°/s) and the non-linearity of the scale factor reduced from 0.008452% to 0.006156%.
The Use of Antimalarial Drugs against Viral Infection
Authors: D’Alessandro Sarah , Scaccabarozzi Diletta , Signorini Lucia , Perego Federica , Ilboudo Denise P. , Ferrante Pasquale , Delbue Serena
Published: January 2020

In recent decades, drugs used to treat malaria infection have been shown to be beneficial for many other diseases, including viral infections. In particular, they have received special attention due to the lack of effective antiviral drugs against new emerging viruses (i.e., HIV, dengue virus, chikungunya virus, Ebola virus, etc.) or against classic infections due to drug-resistant viral strains (i.e., human cytomegalovirus). Here, we reviewed the in vitro/in vivo and clinical studies conducted to evaluate the antiviral activities of four classes of antimalarial drugs: Artemisinin derivatives, aryl-aminoalcohols, aminoquinolines, and antimicrobial drugs.
Silica-Coated Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Grafted onto Graphene Oxide for Protein Isolation
Authors: Pham Xuan-Hung , Hahm Eunil , Kim Hyung-Mo , Son Byung Sung , Jo Ahla , An Jaehyun , Tran Thi Tuong An , Nguyen Dinh Quan , Jun Bong-Hyun
Published: January 2020

In this study, silica-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs@SiO2) were covalently conjugated onto graphene oxide (GO/MNP@SiO2) for protein isolation. First, MNPs were precisely coated with a silica layer on the surface by using the reverse microemulsion method, followed by incubation with 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS) to produce the GPTS-functionalized MNPs@SiO2 (GPTS-coated MNPs@SiO2) that display epoxy groups on the surface. The silica shell on the MNPs was optimized at 300 µL of Igepal®CO-520, 5 mg of MNP, 100 µL of TEOS, 100 µL of NH4OH and 3% of 3-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTS). Simultaneously, polyethyleneimine (PEI) was covalently conjugated to GO to enhance the stability of GO in aqueous solutions and create the reaction sites with epoxy groups on the surface of GPTS-coated MNP@SiO2. The ratio of PEI grafted GO and GPTS-coated MNP@SiO2 (GO/MNP ratio) was investigated to produce GO/MNPs@SiO2 with highly saturated magnetization without aggregation. As a result, the GO/MNP ratio of 5 was the best condition to produce the GO/MNP@SiO2 with 9.53 emu/g of saturation superparamagnetization at a magnetic field of 2.0 (T). Finally, the GO/MNPs@SiO2 were used to separate bovine serum albumin (BSA) to investigate its protein isolation ability. The quantity of BSA adsorbed onto 1 mg of GO/MNP@SiO2 increased sharply over time to reach 628 ± 9.3 µg/mg after 15 min, which was 3.5-fold-higher than that of GPTS-coated MNP@SiO2. This result suggests that the GO/MNP@SiO2 nanostructure can be used for protein isolation.
Competitive Surface Colonization of Antibacterial and Bioactive Materials Doped with Strontium and/or Silver Ions
Authors: Cochis Andrea , Barberi Jacopo , Ferraris Sara , Miola Marta , Rimondini Lia , Vernè Enrica , Yamaguchi Seiji , Spriano Silvia
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, there is a large amount of research aimed at improving the multifunctional behavior of the biomaterials for bone contact, including the concomitant ability to induce apatite formation (bioactivity), fast and effective osteoblasts colonization, and antibacterial activity. The aim of this study is to develop antibacterial and bioactive surfaces (Ti6Al4V alloy and a silica-based bioactive glass) by chemical doping with strontium and/or silver ions. The surfaces were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with Energy Dispersive X ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). To better focus on the cells–bacteria competition for the implant surface, in addition to the standard assays for the evaluation of the bacteria adhesion (ISO22196) and for single-cell cultures or biofilm formation, an innovative set of co-cultures of cells and bacteria is here proposed to simulate a competitive surface colonization. The results suggest that all the bioactive tested materials were cytocompatible toward the bone progenitor cells representative for the self-healing process, and that the doped ones were effective in reducing the surface colonization from a pathogenic drug-resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus. The co-cultures experiments demonstrated that the doped surfaces were able to protect the adhered osteoblasts from the bacteria colonization as well as prevent the infection prior to the surface colonization by the osteoblasts.
Assessment of the Dynamics Flow Field of Port Plate Pair of an Axial Piston Pump
Authors: Quan Lingxiao , Gao Haihai , Guo Changhong , Che Shichao
Published: January 2020

This paper aims at studying the dynamic fluid evolution process of port plate pair of an axial piston pump. First of all, The Renormalization Group k-ε model (RNG k-ε model) is implemented to simulate the dynamic flow distribution and forecast the evolution of the internal vortex structure inside the valve plate chamber with different speeds of pistons and velocities of inlet fluid by using computational fluid dynamics software. Then, an equivalent amplification test model of a piston-valve plate is built up based on Reynolds similarity theory; the flow state of the piston-valve plate flow field is observed applied the particle image velocimetry (PIV) measuring technique. The resulting uniformity of numerical simulation and PIV measurement verifies that the RNG k-ε model can achieve high-precision prediction for the vortex structure inside the valve plate chamber. Through analysis of velocity contours and streamlines of the flow field, it can be found that vortices with different scales, strengths and positions will occur during the process of fluid distribution, and the scale and strength of the vortex inside the valve plate chamber will be reduced with the increase of the piston’s moving speed, so the energy loss is also reduced and the efficiency is improved.
Monitoring and Characterizing Temporal Patterns of a Large Colony of Tadarida brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in Argentina Using Field Observations and the Weather Radar RMA1
Authors: Boero Lourdes , Poffo Denis , Damino Verónica , Villalba Sabrina , Barquez Rubén M. , Rodríguez Andrés , Suárez Matías , Beccacece Hernán Mario
Published: January 2020

Migratory colonies of up to thousands or millions of Brazilian free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) are present in temperate areas of America. The monitoring of these massive colonies is crucial to know their conservation status and to evaluate the important ecosystem services that they provide. The objectives of this study were to characterize and to monitor, with an interdisciplinary approach, one of the largest bat colonies in South America, located in La Calera (Córdoba, Argentina). This study includes eight years of field observations inside of their shelter and outside when the colony emerged. Moreover, these observations were complemented with one year of weather radar detections using the Radar Meteorológico Argentino 1 (RMA1). To determine if a detection is a true or false massive emergence of bats, an algorithm was designed. We observed that this large colony of T. brasiliensis is maternal and migratory, just like others in South and North America. This colony arrives in early spring and births occur two months later, migrations occur in early autumn, meanwhile the shelter is empty or inhabited only by a small group of individuals during the cold seasons. The colony was estimated at 900,000 individuals before births occurred. The radar detection was coincident with field observations, when a simultaneous emergence was observed, as well as in the monitoring throughout the year. This represents the first study made in South America using radar technology for monitoring a bat colony. We here demonstrate that RMA1 is a powerful tool for monitoring this colony in the long term, and even to alert possible changes in permanence in time or in the number of individuals.
Single Neural Adaptive PID Control for Small UAV Micro-Turbojet Engine
Authors: Tang Wei , Wang Lijian , Gu Jiawei , Gu Yunfeng
Published: January 2020

The micro-turbojet engine (MTE) is especially suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Because the rotor speed is proportional to the thrust force, the accurate speed tracking control is indispensable for MTE. Thanks to its simplicity, the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is commonly used for rotor speed regulation. However, the PID controller cannot guarantee superior performance over the entire operation range due to the time-variance and strong nonlinearity of MTE. The gain scheduling approach using a family of linear controllers is recognized as an efficient alternative, but such a solution heavily relies on the model sets and pre-knowledge. To tackle such challenges, a single neural adaptive PID (SNA-PID) controller is proposed herein for rotor speed control. The new controller featuring with a single-neuron network is able to adaptively tune the gains (weights) online. The simple structure of the controller reduces the computational load and facilitates the algorithm implementation on low-cost hardware. Finally, the proposed controller is validated by numerical simulations and experiments on the MTE in laboratory conditions, and the results show that the proposed controller achieves remarkable effectiveness for speed tracking control. In comparison with the PID controller, the proposed controller yields 54% and 66% reductions on static tracking error under two typical cases.
Evaluation of Three Different Approaches for Automated Time Delay Estimation for Distributed Sensor Systems of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Pfeiffer Jakob , Wu Xuyi , Ayadi Ahmed
Published: January 2020

Deviations between High Voltage (HV) current measurements and the corresponding real values provoke serious problems in the power trains of Electric Vehicle (EVs). Examples for these problems have inaccurate performance coordinations and unnecessary power limitations during driving or charging. The main reason for the deviations are time delays. By correcting these delays with accurate Time Delay Estimation (TDE), our data shows that we can reduce the measurement deviations from 25% of the maximum current to below 5%. In this paper, we present three different approaches for TDE. We evaluate all approaches with real data from power trains of EVs. To enable an execution on automotive Electronic Control Unit (ECUs), the focus of our evaluation lies not only on the accuracy of the TDE, but also on the computational efficiency. The proposed Linear Regression (LR) approach suffers even from small noise and offsets in the measurement data and is unsuited for our purpose. A better alternative is the Variance Minimization (VM) approach. It is not only more noise-resistant but also very efficient after the first execution. Another interesting approach are Adaptive Filter (AFs), introduced by Emadzadeh et al. Unfortunately, AFs do not reach the accuracy and efficiency of VM in our experiments. Thus, we recommend VM for TDE of HV current signals in the power train of EVs and present an additional optimization to enable its execution on ECUs.
Hurdle Clearance Detection and Spatiotemporal Analysis in 400 Meters Hurdles Races Using Shoe-Mounted Magnetic and Inertial Sensors
Authors: Falbriard Mathieu , Mohr Maurice , Aminian Kamiar
Published: January 2020

This research aimed to determine whether: (1) shoe-worn magnetic and inertial sensors can be used to detect hurdle clearance and identify the leading leg in 400-m hurdles, and (2) to provide an analysis of the hurdlers’ spatiotemporal parameters in the intervals defined by the hurdles’ position. The data set is composed of MIMU recordings of 15 athletes in a competitive environment. The results show that the method based on the duration of the flight phase was able to detect hurdle clearance and identify the leading leg with 100% accuracy. Moreover, by combining the swing phase duration with the orientation of the foot, we achieved, in unipedal configuration, 100% accuracy in hurdle clearance detection, and 99.7% accuracy in the identification of the leading leg. Finally, this study provides statistical evidence that contact time significantly increases, while speed and step frequency significantly decrease with time during 400 m hurdle races.
An Analytical Conductance Model for Gas Detection Based on a Zigzag Carbon Nanotube Sensor
Authors: Hosseingholipourasl Ali , Hafizah Syed Ariffin Sharifah , Ahmadi Mohammad Taghi , Rahimian Koloor Seyed Saeid , Petrů Michal , Hamzah Afiq
Published: January 2020

Recent advances in nanotechnology have revealed the superiority of nanocarbon species such as carbon nanotubes over other conventional materials for gas sensing applications. In this work, analytical modeling of the semiconducting zigzag carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (ZCNT-FET) based sensor for the detection of gas molecules is demonstrated. We propose new analytical models to strongly simulate and investigate the physical and electrical behavior of the ZCNT sensor in the presence of various gas molecules (CO2, H2O, and CH4). Therefore, we start with the modeling of the energy band structure by acquiring the new energy dispersion relation for the ZCNT and introducing the gas adsorption effects to the band structure model. Then, the electrical conductance of the ZCNT is modeled and formulated while the gas adsorption effect is considered in the conductance model. The band structure analysis indicates that, the semiconducting ZCNT experiences band gap variation after the adsorption of the gases. Furthermore, the bandgap variation influences the conductance of the ZCNT and the results exhibit increments of the ZCNT conductance in the presence of target gases while the minimum conductance shifted upward around the neutrality point. Besides, the I-V characteristics of the sensor are extracted from the conductance model and its variations after adsorption of different gas molecules are monitored and investigated. To verify the accuracy of the proposed models, the conductance model is compared with previous experimental and modeling data and a good consensus is observed. It can be concluded that the proposed analytical models can successfully be applied to predict sensor behavior against different gas molecules.
Smart Build-Plate for Metal Additive Manufacturing Processes
Authors: Hehr Adam , Norfolk Mark , Kominsky Dan , Boulanger Andrew , Davis Matthew , Boulware Paul
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses the development, processing steps, and evaluation of a smart build-plate or baseplate tool for metal additive manufacturing technologies. This tool uses an embedded high-definition fiber optic sensing fiber to measure strain states from temperature and residual stress within the build-plate for monitoring purposes. Monitoring entails quality tracking for consistency along with identifying defect formation and growth, i.e., delamination or crack events near the build-plate surface. An aluminum alloy 6061 build-plate was manufactured using ultrasonic additive manufacturing due to the process’ low formation temperature and capability of embedding fiber optic sensing fiber without damage. Laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) was then used to print problematic geometries onto the build-plate using AlSi10Mg for evaluation purposes. The tool identified heat generation, delamination onset, and delamination growth of the printed L-PBF parts.
Temperature Compensation Method for Mechanical Base of 3D-Structured Light Scanners
Authors: Adamczyk Marcin , Liberadzki Paweł , Sitnik Robert
Published: January 2020

The effect of temperature on three-dimensional (3D) structured light scanners is a very complex issue that, under some conditions, can lead to significant deterioration of performed measurements. In this paper, we present the results of several studies concerning the effect of temperature on the mechanical base of 3D-structured light scanners. We also propose a software compensation method suitable for implementation in any existing scanner. The most significant advantage of the described method is the fact that it does not require any specialized artifact or any additional equipment, nor access to the thermal chamber. It uses a simulation of mechanical base thermal deformations and a virtual 3D measurement environment that allows for conducting virtual measurements. The results from the verification experiments show that the developed method can extend the range of temperatures in which 3D-structured light scanners can perform valid measurements by more than six-fold.
An Impact Location Algorithm for Spacecraft Stiffened Structure Based on Posterior Possibility Correlation
Authors: Qi Lei , Zeng Zhoumo , Sun Lichen , Rui Xiaobo , Fan Fan , Yue Guixuan , Zhao Yueyang , Feng Hao
Published: January 2020

In order to ensure the safety of spacecrafts in orbit, impact location is an important part of structural health monitoring systems. In this paper, an impact location algorithm based on posterior probability correlation is proposed to solve the problem, that is, the impact point in the stiffened structure of a spacecraft is difficult to locate. The algorithm combines the Gaussian cross-correlation possibility weight method and the Bayesian posterior probability method. The cross-correlation possibility weight superposition based on grids was used to reduce the dependence of the accuracy of time difference extraction. Gaussian and normalized fitting were used to compensate the reflection, modal transformation, and amplitude attenuation of a stiffened plate. The location result was further optimized by the posterior probability. The proposed algorithm can be applied to the impact source localization of complex stiffened plate structures. The experiment results showed that the average location error can be 2.57 cm with proper sensor network schemes.
Knocking and Listening: Learning Mechanical Impulse Response for Understanding Surface Characteristics
Authors: Ryu Semin , Kim Seung-Chan
Published: January 2020

Inspired by spiders that can generate and sense vibrations to obtain information regarding a substrate, we propose an intelligent system that can recognize the type of surface being touched by knocking the surface and listening to the vibrations. Hence, we developed a system that is equipped with an electromagnetic hammer for hitting the ground and an accelerometer for measuring the mechanical responses induced by the impact. We investigate the feasibility of sensing 10 different daily surfaces through various machine-learning techniques including recent deep-learning approaches. Although some test surfaces are similar, experimental results show that our system can recognize 10 different surfaces remarkably well (test accuracy of 98.66%). In addition, our results without directly hitting the surface (internal impact) exhibited considerably high test accuracy (97.51%). Finally, we conclude this paper with the limitations and future directions of the study.
Sustainable Behavior among Spanish University Students in Terms of Dimensions of Religion and Spirituality
Authors: Muñoz-García Antonio , Villena-Martínez Mª Dolores
Published: January 2020

Although previous research projects have highlighted the pro-environment and pro-sustainability attitudes of traditional spirituality and religions, there is a lack of studies that explore the way in which expressions of different types of religion and spirituality, as well as measures of belief and non-belief, are related to the evocation of sustainable behaviors. This study, conducted with emerging adults, analysed the relationships between measures of the image of God, religious orientation, the importance of religion and spirituality, religious/spiritual experience, paranormal beliefs and non-belief (religious, spiritual and atheism), as well as altruistic, frugal, environmentally-friendly and equitable behaviors. The results were found to be consistent with the pro-environment character attributed to religion, as well as non-traditional forms of spirituality, indicating their link with sustainable behavior, particularly the measures focusing on belief/non-belief. They also highlighted an effect of the measures of religion/spirituality, indicating the benefit of using multivariate approaches of a qualitative and quantitative nature.
Application of Ozone Treatment for the Decolorization of the Reactive-Dyed Fabrics in a Pilot-Scale Process—Optimization through Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Powar Ajinkya Sudhir , Perwuelz Anne , Behary Nemeshwaree , Hoang Levinh , Aussenac Thierry
Published: January 2020

The decolorization of a cotton fabric dyed with a reactive dye (C.I. Reactive Black 5) was studied using an optimized ozone-assisted process at pilot scale. Box–Behnken design was used to evaluate the effects of three parameters on the decolorization of the dyed textile, namely, pH of the treatment (3–7), ozone concentration (5–85 g/m3 of ozone), and treatment time (10–50 min). The fitted mathematical model allowed us to plot response surfaces as well as isoresponse curves and to determine optimal decolorization conditions. In this study, we have proposed a pilot-scale machine which utilizes ozone for the color stripping of the dyed cotton. This pilot-scale application opens up the route for application of ozone at an industrial scale for achieving sustainability in the textile industry.
The Influence of the Role Positioning of Investment Institutions on the Value of Start-Up Enterprises from the Perspective of Network
Authors: Liu Tong , Qu Shiyou , Scherpereel Christopher M.
Published: January 2020

Based on the relevant data of joint investment from 2013 to 2017, this paper constructs a multivariate regression model, introduces the social network analysis method and the Bonacich Power Index to quantify the network attribute indicators of investment institutions, and empirically tests the influence of the role positioning of investment institutions on the value of start-up enterprises from the perspective of network. The research results show that the network centrality (relative centrality, closeness centrality) and the structural hole constraint of the joint venture capital network, as well as the leading and following investment position of investment institutions have a significant impact on the value of start-up enterprises. Additionally, the more central in the joint venture capital network the investment institutions are, the higher value of the start-up enterprises supported by them have; the more structural holes the investment institutions occupy, the higher value of the start-up enterprises supported by them have; the more prominent the leading position of the investment institutions is, the higher value of the start-up enterprises supported by them have. While, there is a negative relationship between the following investment position of investment institutions and the value of start-up enterprises supported by them.
Regional Urbanisation through Accessibility?—The “Zweite Stammstrecke” Express Rail Project in Munich
Authors: Wenner Fabian , Dang Khoi Anh , Hölzl Melina , Pedrazzoli Alessandro , Schmidkunz Magdalena , Wang Jiaqi , Thierstein Alain
Published: January 2020

Transport accessibility is one of the most significant locational factors for both households and firms, and thus a potentially self-reinforcing driver of urban development. The spatial structure and dynamics of accessibility hence have the potential to alter the locational choices of households and firms significantly, leading to concentration and de-concentration processes. In spite of recent innovations in automotive technologies, public transport systems remain crucial for the functioning of metropolises. In this paper, we use the case of public transport in the Munich Metropolitan Region (MMR) in Germany to (1) discuss whether public transport in the past has contributed to regional urbanisation, the blurring of urban and suburban spaces; (2) model future accessibility changes due to the ongoing mega-infrastructure project “second trunk line” (“Zweite Stammstrecke”) for suburban trains and their likely effects on processes of regional development; (3) compare the balance of accessibility and functional density at stations in the MMR and (4) recommend a planning strategy based on an integrated urban and transport planning philosophy. We argue that particularly the monocentric design of the project means that it will intensify and extend the scope of suburbanisation and metropolisation, while planning should aim for a greater regionalisation of economic activity.
Analisis Postur Kerja Posisi Memanjat pada Petani Gula Kelapa Kabupaten Banyumas
Authors: Imran Rani Aulia , Purnamasari Ajeng Dian , Sibarani Ayu Anggraeni
Published: January 2020

Banyumas adalah salah satu kabupaten di Jawa Tengah yang memproduksi lebih dari 20.000 ton produksi gula aren per tahun dan menempati posisi pertama agroindustri jenis pengolahan di Banyumas. Jumlah petani gula aren (penderes) pada tahun 2017 adalah 20.293 petani. Namun, jumlah petani ini terus berkurang karena pekerjaan sebagai penderes memiliki resiko kerja dan keselamatan dari petani belum terjamin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis postur kerja petani gula aren saat memanjat pohon kelapa. Rekaman video proses pengambilan nira dari 48 data sekunder dikumpulkan. Setiap posisi representatif berdasarkan gait sequence memanjat dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi postur memanjat dan tinjauan literatur untuk referensi. Evaluasi postur menggunakan REBA dan dihitung skor resikonya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enam posisi memanjat pohon memiliki risiko sangat tinggi dari pendekatan postur kerja dengan nilai skor 8 sampai 11, dan perlu adanya implementasi perubahan. Nilai skor REBA terbesar yakni 11 terjadi pada postur foot flat (10%) dan midswing (80%). Penelitian selanjutnya diperlukan untuk mengevaluasi sistem muskuloskeletal yang berkontribusi dalam kegiatan memanjat pohon dan rekomendasi untuk mengurangi risiko kerja, meningkatkan kesehatan dan kesejahteraan petani gula aren.
Pengembangan Model Daur Ulang Sampah Plastik Dalam Jaringan Sistem Reverse Logistics
Authors: Suryana Hendy
Published: January 2020

Abstract-The development of a plastic waste recycling model in the reverse logistics network system is based on the current plastic waste management business activities in Indonesia (in this case the Bekasi and surrounding areas), which is strengthened by some literature on the same business activities in several other countries, such as India. The reverse logistics system in Indonesia is currently one of the best alternatives that can be considered in reducing the limitations of raw material resources. In addition, reverse logistics is proven to provide economic value for business people, then environmental issues become one of the strongest motivations in conducting reverse logistics business. This study aims to develop a model of plastic waste recycling in Indonesia, specifically plastic waste of the compound type LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) and HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) in the reverse logistics network system and to determine the distribution and transportation network system related to business management activities the plastic garbage. The development of this model can be developed based on empirical data in observing the behavior and characteristics of model variables. The results of the model can produce the total cost of a reverse logistics system in managing plastic waste in Bekasi and its surroundings at Rp. 196,220,250Abstrak-Pengembangan model daur ulang sampah plastik dalam sistem jaringan reverse logistics didasarkan pada aktivitas bisnis pengelolaan sampah plastik di Indonesia (dalam hal ini wilayah Bekasi dan sekitarnya) saat ini, yang diperkuat dengan beberapa literatur mengenai aktivitas bisnis yang sama di beberapa negara lain, seperti India. Sistem reverse logistics di Indonesia, saat ini menjadi salah satu alternatif terbaik yang dapat dipertimbangkan dalam mengurangi keterbatasan sumber daya bahan baku. Selain itu, reverse logistics terbukti dapat memberikan nilai ekonomis bagi para pelaku bisnis, lalu isu lingkungan menjadi salah satu motivasi terkuat dalam melakukan bisnis reverse logistics. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model daur ulang sampah plastik di Indonesia, khususnya sampah plastik berjenis senyawa LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene) dan HDPE (High Density Polyethylene) dalam sistem jaringan reverse logistics serta untuk menentukan system jaringan distribusi dan transportasi yang terkait dengan aktivitas bisnis pengelolaan sampah plastik tersebut. Pengembangan model ini dapat dikembangkan berdasarkan data empiris dalam mengamati perilaku dan karakteristik variabel-variabel model. Hasil model dapat dihasilkan total biaya sistem reverse logistics dalam pengelolaan sampah plastik di Bekasi dan sekitarnya sebesar Rp. 196,220,250,-.
«Имперский синдром»: концепция османского халифата на Ближнем Востоке и в Южной Азии (первая четверть XX в.)
Authors: Kirillina S.A. , Safronova A.L. , Orlov V.V.
Published: January 2020

Аннотация В статье изучены общие и специфические черты идейных воззрений, пропагандистской риторики и политических действий представителей халифатистского движения на Ближнем Востоке и в Южной Азии. В ретроспективном ключе прослеживается эволюция представлений о сущности и необходимости возрождения института халифата в трудах исламских идеологов, реформаторов и политиков Джамал ад-Дина ал-Афгани, Абд ар-Рахмана ал-Кавакиби, Мухаммада Рашида Риды, Абул Калама Азада. Внимание авторов сосредоточено на общественно-политических дискуссиях 2030-х годов XX столетия, а также на повестке дня халифатистских конгрессов и конференций этого периода. На них вырабатывались первые представления современников о пост-османском формате мусульманского единства и идейно-политической роли будущего халифата. Авторы демонстрируют различие между моделями реакции мусульман Ближнего Востока и Южной Азии на упразднение османского халифата республиканским руководством Турции. Установлена многоаспектная взаимосвязь между халифатистскими ценностями, проосманскими настроениями и формами самоотождествления, которые сложились в арабских и южноазиатских обществах. Отдельно намечено соотношение между подъемом халифатистских настроений и радикализацией антиколониальных действий мусульман Индостана.

Abstract The article deals with analysis of common and specific features of ideas, propaganda, rhetoric and political actions taken by representatives of the movement for defense of the Caliphate in the Middle East and South Asia. The retrospection showing the transformation of conception of the Caliphate and the necessity of its revival in the works of eminent ideologists and politicians of the Muslim world Jamal al-Din al-Afghani, Abd al-Rahman al-Kawakibi, Muhammad Rashid Rida and Abul Kalam Azad, is also given in the article. The authors also focus on the social and political discussions of the 1920s 1930s, as well as on the agenda of Caliphatist congresses and conferences of this period. They helped to elaborate the early representations of post-Ottoman pattern of the Muslim unity and the ideological and political role of the future Caliphate. The authors demonstrate the difference between the forms of reaction of Muslims in the Middle East and South Asia to the repudiation of the Caliphate by the Republican leaders of Turkey. The article establishes a multi-aspect interaction between the Caliphatist values and forms of self-identification, emerged in Arab and South Asian societies. The correlation between the rise of Caliphatist attitudes and radicalization of anti-colonial actions of South Asian Muslims is also outlined.
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Published: January 2020

Formulário de avaliação para pareceristas.
FAKTOR KOMPENSASI DAN STRATEGI GOJEK DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN KERJA PARA DRIVER
Authors: Darma Gede Sri , Wicaksono Katon , Sanica I Gede , Abiyasa Agus Putu
Published: January 2020

Employees are the main assets of the company that requires the company to be able to create employee satisfaction so as to increase productivity. One strategy to increase power is through compensation. The purpose of this study was to determine the compensation factors and Gojek's strategy in increasing job satisfaction of Gojek drivers. This type of research uses qualitative research. The data source used is primary data. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews and documentation, research subjects and Man-six Go-jek drivers in Denpasar. The results showed the application of compensation with a trip and bonus system, a trip system with a 20% discount for companies, bonus points, daily bonuses. With the current compensation system, drivers are satisfied even without a fixed salary. Gojek's strategy in increasing job satisfaction of gojek drivers is to innovate to improve the system and management by replacing the old system with a rating system.
TRANSPORT CORRIDORS OF KYRGYZSTAN
Authors: К.Isakov
Published: January 2020

In the article analyzes the existing road network in Kyrgyzstan. We consider the characteristics of public roads, the distribution by type of coverage, the nature of changes in the intensity and composition of traffic.