bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ВПЛИВ ПОГОДНО-КЛІМАТИЧНИХ УМОВ НА ФОРМУВАННЯ СОРТОВОЇ ПРОДУКТИВНОСТІ РОСЛИН РОМАШКИ ЛІКАРСЬКОЇ (MATRICARIA RECUTITA L.) В УМОВАХ ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНОГО ЛІСОСТЕПУ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Овчарук В.І. , Падалко Т.О.
Published: January 2024

У статті представлено результати оцінки впливу кліматичних змін на формування сортової продуктивності ромашки лікарської в умовах Правобережного Лісостепу України. Для дослідження було використано показники можливих змін клімату RCP 6.0 на період до 20 років за методикою А.М. Польового. В роки проведення експериментальних досліджень (2017–2022) різних сортів ромашки лікарської вивчено їх екологічну стійкість, оцінено лікарську сировину та перспективи використання. За результатами досліджень встановлено, що за сприятливих погодно-кліматичних умов для формування генеративних органів рослини між сортами спостерігалася істотна різниця, найбільш високорослі особини (65,12 см) відмічено в сорту 'Перлина Лісостепу' за підзимового строку сівби при широкорядному способі 45 см. Кількість суцвіть на одній рослині становила в межах 6,99–12,19 штук з масою до 5,24 г, варіабельність яких мала істотні дані. Впродовж шести років досліджень виявлено ритмологічні та морфобіологічні особливості рослин, що дає можливість підібрати сорти з різними строками сівби для найефективнішого вирощування та отримання лікарської сировини впродовж року. При цьому, вивчались питання біології, екології, онтогенезу рослини з урахуванням елементів сучасної агротехніки, також проведено оцінку мінливості очікуваного волого-температурного режиму вегетації ромашки лікарської. Встановлено закономірну різницю міжфазних періодів та періоду вегетації культури в цілому.
КРАНІОЛОГІЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ КУЛАНА ТУРКМЕНСЬКОГО EQUUS HEMIONUS KULAN GROVES & MAZAK, 1967 ЛОКАЛЬНОЇ ПОПУЛЯЦІЇ БІОСФЕРНОГО ЗАПОВІДНИКА "АСКАНІЯ-НОВА"
Authors: Ясинецька Н.І.
Published: January 2024

Метою досліджень було виявлення краніологічних особливостей рідкісного виду категорії "знаходиться на межі зникнення" Червоного списку МСОП – кулана туркменського локальної асканійської популяції, опис мінливості краніологічних показників за час напіввільного розведення та порівняння отриманих даних з такими тварин інших популяцій і підвидів. Використано остеологічний матеріал з колекції музею заповідника "Асканія-Нова" від 75 дорослих тварин віком від 4 до 20 років, з них 43 черепи самців та 32 самок. Порівняння основних краніологічних показників за статтю виявили достовірні відмінності в розмірах 17 з 101 досліджених промірів. Різниця між самцями та самками за рештою промірів була статистично не достовірною. Однак, можна стверджувати, що в Асканії-Нова самці куланів мають більш високий череп та потилицю, більш широкий лоб, ніж самки, але поступаються за довжиною більшості промірів черепа. Порівняння отриманих нами промірів черепів асканійських куланів з такими диких тварин Бадхизу і утримуваних в Празькому зоопарку виявило, що черепи куланів з Асканії-Нова дещо вищі, але коротші, та майже однакові в показниках ширини.
NEPHROMA BELLUM (SPRENG.) TUCK. ТА N. LAEVIGATUM ACH. (NEPHROMA-TACEAE, PELTIGERALES) В УКРАЇНІ ТА ЇХ СОЗОЛОГІЧНИЙ СТАТУС
Authors: Химич Е.О. , Ходосовцев О.Є. , Попова Л.П.
Published: January 2024

Авторами було проведено критичне вивчення лишайників комплексу Nephroma laevigatum s. lat. на основі зразків лишайників, що зберігаються в гербарії Інституту ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України. Крім того, в роботі використані матеріали ліхенологічних досліджень з Національного природного парку "Зачарований Край" (Закарпатська область, Хустський район). Встановлено, що в Україні існують два види комплексу – N. bellum та N. laevigatum. Лишайники близькі між собою, проте відрізняються кольором серцевини та її реакцією на 10% розчин КОН. Nephroma bellum має білу серцевину з негативною реакцією на КОН, тоді як N. laevigatum має жовтувату серцевину, що червоніє від 10% розчину КОН. Підтверджено існування в Карпатах N. bellum. Ймовірно, що всі історичні повідомлення у першій половині 20 століття, 15 локалітетів, під назвою N. laevigatum відносяться до N. bellum. Останній раз N. bellum в Україні колекціонувала М.Ф. Макаревич у 1948 році (KW). В Україні, вперше за останні 75 років N. bellum був зареєстрований нами у Національному природному парку "Зачарований Край". Існування N. laevigatum s. str. в Україні підтверджено єдиним зразком з Криму, зібраним у 1950 році (KW). В Карпатах зростання цього виду поки не підтверджено гербарними зразками. За критеріями МСОП для N. bellum та N. laevigatum в Україні пропонується статус "у критичній небезпеці" та "регіонально вимерлий" відповідно. За існуючими критеріями Червоної книги України N. bellum та N. laevigatum можна віднести до категорії "зникаючі" та "неоцінені" відповідно та пропонувати до внесення у її нове видання.
РОЗВЕДЕННЯ НІЛЬГАУ BOSELAPHUS TRAGOCAMELUS В ЗООПАРКУ "АСКАНІЯ-НОВА"
Authors: Корінець Н.О.
Published: January 2024

Викладено результати досліджень розведення нільгау в зоопарку "Асканія-Нова". Виділено три періоди розведення, надано характеристику завезених антилоп. Наведено динаміку чисельності, вибуття і народжуваності тварин протягом другого і третього періодів розведення (1948–2023 роки). Описано умови утримання і причини формування груп нільгау. Охарактеризовано особливості розмноження цього екзотичного виду антилоп в умовах півдня України. У нільгау спостерігається сезонність розмноження, хоча самки здатні народжувати упродовж року. Абсолютна більшість телят нільгау народилася з січня по травень, з піком у лютому–квітні. Співвідношення самці : самки у новонароджених становило 1,14 : 1. Збереженість молодняку в зоопарку "Асканія-Нова" від народження до 6-місячного віку складала 57,7%, до 12-місячного – 51,3%. Вагітність тривала 243,8±0,57 днів. Плодючість самок нільгау в зоопарку "Асканія-Нова" в середньому становила 80,1%. Самки народжували телят до 13–14-річного віку. Вага новонароджених самців становила 6,35±0,32 кг, або 2,31% ваги дорослого (235,0±5,7 кг), вага новонародженої самки складала 5,8±0,4 кг, або 3,5% ваги дорослої тварини (165,1±3,3 кг). У річному віці вага самців і самок становила 50,5 і 69,6% ваги дорослих тварин, дворічному – 69,0 та 93,9% відповідно. Показники екстерʹєру і ваги у дорослих тварин знаходилися у межах норми, характерної для даного виду. Так, висота в холці у самців і самок складала 131,0±1,0 і 122,3±1,1 см, коса довжина тулуба 130,0±1,5 і 144,7±2,1 см, обхват грудей 158,8±1,0 і 144,7±2,1 см, обхват грудей 61,2±0,7 і 55,5±0,8 см відповідно. Охарактеризовано етологічні особливості нільгау при утриманні у неволі. Описано результати полівидового утримання нільгау з представниками родин Конячих, Оленячих, Порожнисторогих. В період розмноження антилоп бажано утримувати окремо від Конячих. Припустимим є їх спільне знаходження у великих загонах з густою рослинністю. Наведено рекомендації з покращення утримання нільгау у зоопарку "Асканія-Нова".
ЗАГАЛЬНІ ЗАПАСИ ТА РОЗПОДІЛ НАДЗЕМНОЇ І ПІДЗЕМНОЇ ФІТОМАСИ РОСЛИННОСТІ ПРИРОДНО-АНТРОПОГЕННОГО РЯДУ АСКАНІЙСЬКОГО СТЕПУ
Authors: Шаповал В.В.
Published: January 2024

Викладено результати досліджень надземної та підземної фітомаси рослинності на території Біосферного заповідника "Асканія-Нова" у 2022 р. Дослідними площами охоплено біотопи цілинного степу та суміжні перелоги різного віку (2019, 2002, 1996, 1967 рр.). Відбори підземної фітомаси здійснено бурами різного типу до глибини 0,5–0,7 м та максимально – 2,5 м, з наступним відмиванням на серії ґрунтових сит. До аналізу та узагальнень долучені попередні дані 2013 р., у тому числі отримані методом розкопок монолітних проб ґрунту до глибини 20 см. Кореневу масу обчислено у повітряно-сухому стані, г/100 см3 за 10-см прошарками ґрунту. Зразки надземної фітомаси відібрано за допомогою стандартної укісної рамки 0,5 м2 з розбором на фракції біомаси та мортмаси. Встановлено, що у розпал вегетаційного сезону 2022 р. показники надземної фітомаси рослинності дослідних площ з різним режимом природокористування складали від 304,0±14,28 до 741,7±29,11 г/м2 у повітряно-сухому стані та мали значні розбіжності з середньобагаторічними даними моніторингу. За співвідношенням біомаси та мортмаси у валових запасах надземної продукції максимальними значеннями характеризуються "зрілі" перелоги на дернинній стадії демутації [4,2:1 та 3,8:1] та фітоценози Великого Чапельського поду [3,3:1 та 2,7:1], де надлишки рослинної продукції регулярно вилучаються копитними. Натомість, означена вагова пропорція у абсолютно-заповідних фітоценозах діл. "Стара" та діл. "Успенівка" через накопичення потужної підстилки набула критичних значень, ситуаційно знижуючись до 1,3:1 та 1,1:1 відповідно. Запаси підземної фітомаси на дослідних перелогах варіювали у діапазоні від 2,30±0,295 до 3,42±0,163 г/100 см3; на цілині – від 2,81±0,343 до 5,10±0,521 г/100 см3. Встановлено, що основні запаси підземної фітомаси локалізуються у першому 0–50 см горизонті – 72,0% від валових (до глибини 2,5 м). У верхньому прошарку 0–20 см ґрунту зосереджено 47,9% підземної фітомаси. Співвідношення між запасами підземної та надземної фітомаси на дослідних площах асканійського степу реалізується у діапазоні 4,9:1 – 16,7:1, середнє по дослідному ряду складає 9,2:1.
МОРФО-СТРУКТУРНІ ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ КОРЕНЕВОЇ СИСТЕМИ ВИДІВ РОДУ SEDUM L. ПРОТЯГОМ СЕЗОННОГО РОЗВИТКУ В УМОВАХ СТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ УКРАЇНИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ КРИВОРІЖЖЯ)
Authors: Чипиляк Т.Ф. , Лінкевич О.О.
Published: January 2024

В статті розглядаються особливості формування кореневої системи видів роду Sedum протягом сезонного розвитку в кліматичних умовах Криворіжжя. Матеріалом дослідження слугувала коренева система рослин S. aizoon, S. album, S. reflexum та S. spurium. Дослідження проводилися у Криворізькому ботанічному саду НАН України, природно-кліматичні умови території якого характеризуються загальними для степової зони показниками, що обмежують ріст рослин – нестача вологи в повітрі і ґрунті, аномально високі літні температури повітря. Особливості розміщення кореневої системи по горизонтах ґрунту досліджували зважаючи на характер фізіологічних функцій коренів – ростова та живильна частина. Визначали довжину додаткових і контрактильних коренів, інтенсивність галуження бічних коренів. Протягом сезонного розвитку рослини S. album, S. reflexum, S. spurium і S. aizoon відзначалися збільшенням кількості живильних коренів – додаткових та бічних на них, які в фазу завершення формування поверхневої вегетативної сфери (травень) галузяться до другого порядку, тоді як в фазу завершення вегетації (жовтень) – до третього. Наприкінці активного сезонного розвитку у рослин S. album, S. reflexum живильна частина кореневої системи розташовується ближче до поверхні і набуває широкого латерального розповсюдження. У рослин S. spurium живильні корені заглиблюються в ґрунт, у S. aizoon – не змінюють розташування. Розвиток ростової частини кореневої системи відзначався збільшенням довжини якірних та контрактильних коренів, незначним збільшенням їх кількості та поглибленням в ґрунті. Основний обʹєм живильних коренів (до 65%) має латеральне розташування у верхньому шарі ґрунту 0–10 см, окрім S. spurium, для рослин якого це шар ґрунту 0–15 до 20 см. Корені, що виконують механічні функції, у досліджених видів досягають в глибину 20–30 см і тільки у S. reflexum ці корені ростуть в глибину до 15 см. Додаткові корені у S. album, S. reflexuт і S. spurium формуються в міжвузлях плагіотропних наземних пагонів, які згодом виконують функції кореневища. Для S. aizoon характерне відростання додаткових коренів тільки в базальній частині вегетативних пагонів, що перешкоджає активному розповсюдженню рослин.
Conclusions
Authors: Sutton Sharon Egretta
Published: January 2024

This conclusion to Pedagogy of a Beloved Commons synthesizes the lessons learned from three exemplar community-based youth organizations into “a pedagogy of hope” for a beloved community. It builds this synthesis sequentially, beginning with an analysis of the organizations themselves, and continuing by refining the initial definition of the commons and summarizing the organizations’ contributions to it. It reviews how each organization foregrounded one of the three dimensions of place-based critical pedagogy and suggests that a network of organizations could offer a pedagogy that integrates all three dimensions—and that this would add up to a pedagogy of hope. Given the downturn of one of the exemplars, it speculates about the factors that helped the other two sustain themselves. Then, it considers whether the place-based activism of these organizations has cultivated citizens who can alter the injustices spelled out in the introduction and looks in particular at the critical placemaking strategies they employed to help enhance the commons of both their organizations and neighborhoods. It ends by drawing from this synthesis to articulate the architecture of a beloved community where a pedagogy of a beloved commons can thrive.
Southwest Detroit, Michigan: Activism through Theatre
Authors: Sutton Sharon Egretta
Published: January 2024

This four-chapter part of Pedagogy of a Beloved Commons presents a community arts organization that cultivated democratic citizenship via dramatic experiences that helped company members and audiences become emotionally involved in community problems. It introduces Storyhouse Theatre Company, the pseudonym for an intergenerational organization in Southwest Detroit that staged original plays throughout the city. Drawing upon a 2004–2005 study and its 2020–2021 follow up to offer a rare insight into an organization’s developmental arc, it presents Storyhouse as exemplary of “heart-centric critical pedagogy.” Its performances tapped into the imaginations of company members and audiences and helped them explore alternatives for a transformed world. The first chapter situates the neighborhood within a city where cultural wealth and material poverty coincided and describes the origins of the founders’ commitment to community-based theatre. The second chapter presents the 2004–2005 narrative, while the third chapter describes current conditions in Detroit and uses the 2020–2021 narrative to reveal Storyhouse’s crisis of funding and leadership. The fourth chapter uses both narratives to conceptualize Storyhouse’s pedagogy as the emotional realm of place-based activism and concludes with reflections upon the choices that justice-oriented organizations make to endure.
Wai’anae, Hawai’i: Activism through Organic Farming
Authors: Sutton Sharon Egretta
Published: January 2024

This four-chapter part of Pedagogy of a Beloved Commons presents an organic farm that cultivated democratic citizenship among primarily Native Hawaiian youth by helping them learn to cultivate the land. It introduces Hoʻoulu ʻŌpio Farms, the pseudonym for a social enterprise located in Wai’anae, Hawai’i where interns and apprentices reclaimed ancestral agricultural practices to provide a nutritious diet for their families and community. Drawing upon a 2004–2005 study and its 2020–2021 follow up to offer a rare insight into an organization’s developmental arc, it presents Hoʻoulu ʻŌpio as exemplary of “body-centric critical pedagogy” due to its engagement of youth in the labor-intensive work of growing and marketing tons of organic produce. The first chapter describes Wai’anae’s ecology and culture, links Hawai’i’s sovereignty movement to Hoʻoulu ʻŌpio’s mission, and provides an overview of the organization. The second chapter presents the 2004–2005 narrative about its early years, while the third chapter presents the 2020–2021 narrative about its evolution, outcomes, and future trajectory. The fourth chapter assesses both narratives to conceptualize Hoʻoulu ʻŌpio’s pedagogy as the physical realm of place-based activism and concludes with observations of labor as a means to self-determine life-sustaining resources in the commons.
Introduction
Authors: Hall Kevin T
Published: January 2024

This section offers a brief overview of the dimensions of Axis violence, the limited historiography, a detailed summary of the (international) legal shortcomings to curb violence against prisoners of war (especially captured airmen), as well as the potential aid offered to downed flyers.
War Crimes Narratives: Europe
Authors: Hall Kevin T
Published: January 2024

The third chapter offers eleven narratives of American flyers who fell victim to Axis violence in European and Mediterranean Theaters. Using postwar trial testimonies by witnesses, perpetrators, and occasionally victims themselves, along with Missing Air Crew Reports (MACR) and Escape and Evasion reports, these accounts piece together the circumstances leading up to, during, and after an airman’s mistreatment. Further, these narratives include perpetrators’ explanations and justifications for their actions.
Nella Larsen’s Quicksand : Mourning through Biracial Identities
Authors: Pressley Arthur
Published: January 2024

This chapter examines Nella Larsen’s novel Quicksand and her use of the trope of mulatto. It is a critical feature of the biomythography used to suggest new possibilities for Black subjectivity and demonstrates how Creoleness, colorism, and Pan-Africanism are crucial in the healing of colonial oppression and creating complex identities. In Larsen’s protagonist, Helga Craine, she foreshadows and extends the racial dynamics analyzed by Frantz Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks. Larsen reveals that mulattos do not merely live between Black and White worlds, but expresses the racial melancholia later examined by theorists such as Paul Gilroy and Anne Cheng. This racial melancholia, a dread of self and others, a fear of both loss and gain, a denial of life, death, and resurrection, continues to direct intra-racial and inter-racial dynamics that never entirely becomes (post)colonial. The subjectivity of the mulatto always challenges and destabilizes traditional Africana tropes of home, mother/daughter, middle passage, and racial identity in a manner that makes each of these more of an ethical, rather than psychological, social, or political commitment. I argue that the multiple events and places of the novel represent the Creoleness of all racial, ethnic, and gender identities.
Body as Praxis: Disarticulating the Human from Ownership and Property
Authors: Yountae An
Published: January 2024

This chapter argues that western intellectual and religious history, and consequently that of European humanity, is developed on the negation of the full humanity of non-Europeans. The chapter argues that posthuman scholarship, also discussed by Judith Butler and Franz Fanon, does not go far enough to emphasize the importance of the body in rethinking the human, to demonstrate how abstract concepts of the human obscure the processes by which necropolitics affirms some bodies as rational subjects and relegates other bodies for labor and death. Following Sylvia Wynter, the chapter proposes that we should understand being human as a praxis that moves toward liberation. Doing so would break the double binds of the Hegelian master-slave dialect and essentialist definitions of the relationship of humanness to the body.
Mysticism and Mothering in Black Women’s Social Justice Activism: Brazil/USA
Authors: Harding Rachel Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

This chapter is a womanist analysis of the social activism of Black women in the United States and Brazil to discover the roots of their ethical and moral grounding. The chapter explores the work of four women from both societies demonstrating how they “make use of mystic means and mothering strategies” in forms of social activism that always integrates the spiritual and political. This chapter reveals how the hidden meaning of modernity is witnessed on the bodies and in the lives of Black men and women. What unfolds is a challenge to traditional approaches to historiography and scholarship to include the visions, dreams, stories, and wisdom of diasporic communities.
From White Man’s Magic to Black Folks’ Wisdom
Authors: Miller Althea Spencer
Published: January 2024

This chapter is a plea for an Africana conversation, a hope that the alliances of race and imperialism that occur by dint of citizenship/residency in the US can be mitigated by a larger Africana conversation, which, though nationalized, can be powered by diasporic interventions. In that way the Africana conversation can be enlarged, becoming more amenable to adaptations, resource sharing, and the ideo-epistemological development of peoples of color. Framed around the semiosphere of imperialism in White Men’s Magic and the production of Black identity in the US, Jamaican (Caribbean) Myalism, with its appropriations and creation of African folk wisdom, the Africana interlocution is not anti-. With equity, it is an intratelluric shout for kinship and recognition, erupting with the heat of magmatic hope for the Indigenous strength of an amphictyonic plurality—completely its own indigene.
Interpreting from the Back/Black-Side: Exodus through the Shawl of Memory
Authors: Ngwa Kenneth N.
Published: January 2024

The narrative of exodus is partially premised on a promissory—even utopian—land to which the exodus people are taken. Read in the context of a postcolony (Cameroon), the story is seen to originate in a lacuna: Pharaoh did not know Joseph. That discrepancy fuels political machinations of erasure and marginalization. In the mountain space, the epitome of governing power and shift from the oppressive regime, one of the liberated community’s leaders, Moses, is placed on the divine backside. The imagery resonates with the African mother—biological and/or cultural—carrying her baby on her back. For Africana Exodus hermeneutics, life in the colony and the postcolony is possible because the community is able to carry its weakened and fragile bodies. That is Backside or Blackside hermeneutics. Through ideological and epistemological gathering around the broken body, back/darkened-side hermeneutics constructs sovereignty by repositioning the endangered self before the arrival of oppression. Such temporal and spatial repositioning establishes sovereignty outside of and beyond the totalizing category of erasure and permanent dispersal.
Introduction: Faith, Reason, and Theosis
Authors: Papanikolaou Aristotle , Demacopoulos George E.
Published: January 2024

The essays of this book are situated within this current of thinking on theosis, which consists of a common, albeit minimalist, affirmation amid the flow of differences. The lens through which theosis is interrogated is that of “faith and reason,” in part because contemporary Orthodox theology identified theosis with mystical union in opposition to salvation through faith (Protestant) and theology as rational discourse (Catholic). The authors in this volume contribute to the historical theological task of complicating this contemporary Orthodox narrative, but they also continue the “theological achievement” of thinking about theosis so that all Christian traditions may be challenged to stretch and shift their understanding of theosis even amid an ecumenical celebration of the gift of participation in the life of God.
Waking the Gods
Authors: Hart David Bentley
Published: January 2024

This essay addresses the apparent problem theosis creates for the continuity of and the integrity of the self if framed within the Neo-Thomist framework of grace and nature, as well as creation and deification, as categories foreign to one another. Many of the categories, superlatively juxtaposed in manualist theology are false dichotomies that assume a distinction between the natural and the supernatural, between the divine and human, and are therefore rendered incoherent by the doctrine of creation ex nihilo. Rather theosis is the continuing process of creation, not some secondary add on. If divinity was extrinsic to human nature, then it must be extrinsic forever, and therefore if man were to become divine, he would cease to be human. Theosis speaks to the reality that divinity is the natural end of man, because man’s natural ends are transcendent and divinity is, therefore, implicit in the nature of man, which is why the two natures of Christ can coexist so harmoniously in the Chalcedonian manner.
Does Aquinas Have the Orthodox Concept of Theosis?
Authors: Porter Jean
Published: January 2024

At first glance Aquinas seems to be in agreement with Orthodox notion of theosis even though he rarely uses the Latin terms for deification. Leveraging the insights of Andrew Louth, this essay shows that even though Aquinas possesses many component elements of theosis, he lacks the broader theological landscape of Eastern Christian thought and practice in which theosis is nested. One of the key differences is the conceptualization of grace, which reveals varying notions of the God-world relationship, and, therefore, the exact degree and manner of union with the divine.
Revelation, Reason, and Holiness
Authors: Abraham William J.
Published: January 2024

Much of John Wesley’s theology is cast in ascetical terms. Because of Wesley’s practical preoccupation, his theology has often been overlooked in part because it didn’t fit the ruling theological paradigms of the modern era. One of Wesley’s crucial insights was that natural theology was not sufficient to live out a Christian life. His understanding of the relation between revelation and reason are rooted in a notion of holiness that is centered in the doctrine of Christian perfection, a doctrine with significant similarities to theosis in part due to the influence of Eastern Christian ascetical writings on his thought. This essay explores the epistemological significance of Wesley’s doctrine of Christian perfection for understanding the dynamic between reason and revelation.
Speculation and Theosis in Vladimir Lossky and Meister Eckhart
Authors: Davis Robert Glenn
Published: January 2024

Even though recent scholarship has done much to extricate the writings of Meister Eckhart from nineteenth- and early twentieth-century view of mystical theology as something bifurcated between “speculative” and “affective” varieties, this essay argues that the misunderstanding of Eckhart is more than merely an overemphasis on the speculative aspects to the obfuscation of the affective ones. Rather, it is rooted in the thrusting of the German philosophical notion of speculation upon the medieval notion of speculation operating in Eckhart. Using the unfinished work by Vladimir Lossky on Eckhart, this essay demonstrates that Eckhart is deeply affective precisely because he is so deeply speculative. The speculation of Eckhart is predicated upon a notion of the union of the divine and human that relies heavily upon the analogy of mirroring and the use of the doctrine of the image and likeness of God to argue for something more than a mere exemplary union.
Knowing through Unknowing
Authors: Bouteneff Peter
Published: January 2024

Though the theme of apophasis is replete in the Dionysian corpus, the use of the intellect remains necessary. Both knowing and un-knowing are necessary in the ascent toward the divine and this is rooted in Dionysius’s insistence that God is both completely Other and transcendent, and also the ground of all being and its Archetype. In the human pursuit of theosis reason is not completely disregarded, rather it is surpassed. That is to say, reason must undergo an ekstasis and go out and beyond itself into unknowing and into the “dark cloud of unknowing.”
The Embodied Logos
Authors: Williams Rowan
Published: January 2024

In an attempt to construct an epistemology that does not atomize the subject or the object, but rather reconceptualizes rationality as relational, this essay brings together insights from Evagrius’s writings, particularly his understanding of the logoi, as well as other writers such as Sergei Bulgakov, Thomas Aquinas, Origen, Maximus the Confessor, Flannery O’Connor, Klaus Hemmerle, and Hebrew Wisdom Literature. Launching from Evagrian notions of reason, theosis is framed not as an attempt to escape from the limits or materiality of the world, but rather as a proper engagement and knowing of the world that embraces one’s location and embodiment, as well as one’s mutual interconnectedness with the world that is known in order to see not merely the usefulness of an object of knowledge, but also its reason, or logoi, and therefore to see the divine and that particular object’s relation to the divine.
Introduction
Authors: Bray Karen , Eaton Heather , Bauman Whitney
Published: January 2024

This introductory chapter opens the volume with a description of the background of the project and the three main themes of the book: immanent religiosity, new materialisms, and planetary thinking. Immanent religiosity explores the various (mostly non-dominant) strands of thinking immanently, pantheistically, paneentheistically, or animistically that can be found in what many scholars call “world religions.” This volume brings these traditional approaches to immanence together with what we are calling the new materialisms in broad strokes: emergence theories, new materialisms, neo-animisms, and object-oriented ontologies, just to name a few. The purpose of bringing these two themes together in this volume is to help us think planetarily, which is the third theme. Planetary thinking must always also include what we are calling critical theory, in broad strokes: critical race theory, disability studies, feminist theory, queer theory, affect theory, and post and de colonial theories, for example. Because different bodies experience the planetary differently and are treated differently in different cultures and societies, it is important to always include these critical analyses of experience. The introduction ends with a chapter by chapter analysis of the entire book.
Confucianism as a Form of Immanental Naturalism
Authors: Tucker Mary Evelyn
Published: January 2024

The art of Confucian immanental naturalism might be described as discovering one’s cosmological being amidst daily affairs. For the Confucian the ordinary is the locus of the extraordinary; the secular is the sacred; the transcendent is in the immanent. What distinguishes Confucianism is an all-encompassing cosmological context that grounds its world-affirming orientation for humanity. This is not a tradition seeking liberation outside the world, but rather one that affirms the spirituality of becoming more fully human within the world. The way of immanence is the Confucian way. The means of self-transformation is through cultivation of oneself in relation to others and to the natural world. This cultivation is seen in connection with a tradition of scholarly reflection embedded in a commitment to the value of culture and its myriad expressions. It aims to promote flourishing social relations, effective educational systems, sustainable agricultural patterns, and humane political governance within the context of the dynamic, life-giving processes of the Earth.
Immanence in Hinduism and Jainism: New Planetary Thinking?
Authors: Chapple Christopher Key
Published: January 2024

The Hindu and Jain traditions provide perspectives on life that challenge scientistic materialism. They acknowledge the pervasiveness of life forms in elemental and microbial forms. They both develop an ethic of protection seeking to advance harmony between not only humans but humans and non-humans as well. Gandhi, a great proponent of nonviolence, lauded the person who can remain steady even in times of distress. By combining a sense of the immensity of life with a sense of tenderness, a process of conscientization can emerge, leading to corrective action.
Mountains Preach the Dharma: Immanence in Mahāyāna Buddhism
Authors: Ives Christopher
Published: January 2024

Although early Buddhists tended to regard the material realm as permeated with suffering and nibbāna as something unconditioned and hence transcendent of dependent origination and “nature,” Mahāyāna Buddhists, especially in East Asia, have generally taken a more positive view of matter and nature and construed nirvāṇa more immanently. Facets of this Mahāyāna orientation find expression in Sōtō Zen thinker Dōgen’s concept of “presencing” (genjō) and in the embodiedness and embeddedness of Zen monastic practice.
Amorous Entanglements: The Matter of Christian Panentheism
Authors: Keller Catherine
Published: January 2024

Transcendence in western theology can supplement, trump, or radicalize immanence. While “pure immanence” may be incoherent (since immanence signifies an “in,” a within of something not strictly identical with itself), secular philosophies of immanence have been indispensable to the evolution of ecological theologies. An earth-tuned Christian intercarnation hooks its ontological relationalism and ethical animacy to a new materialism. It hopes to undo the exceptionally incarnate ergo disembodied, transcendence—and so to release ancient and novel stimuli for our planetary becoming.
On the Matter of Hope: Weaving Threads of Jewish Wisdom for the Sake of the Planetary
Authors: Horn O’neil Van
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores the difficult question of hope and its possibility in the Anthropocene. Drawing on early Rabbinic and post-Shoah literature, this piece offers a Jewish inflection of hope—tiqvah—as one possible mode for faithfully tending to the woes of climate catastrophe without resorting to nihilism. Hope entangles questions of immanence and transcendence, offering a conception of creativity as emerging mystically from the borderlands between-. This chapter traces Jewish perspectives pertaining to the vibrantly material nature of hope in an attempt to provide a concept that neither forsakes the terrestrial nor abandons notions of the divine. Offered here is a notion of hope that refuses to justify the violences of Anthropocene, even as it confronts those very instances of violence. This work thus represents an exercise in practicing immanental religiosity attentive to the lessons of both ancient wisdoms and new materialisms.
Oily Animations: On Protestantism and Petroleum
Authors: Rowe Terra Schwerin
Published: January 2024

While predominant articulations of modern Christianity have indeed rendered matter dead and inert, late nineteenth-century accounts of oil in the US complicate narratives of wholesale Protestant disenchantment of nature as well as assumptions that re-enchantment will necessarily serve as an environmentally friendly antidote. Relying on petroculture analysis, early oil narratives convey a sense of oil as animated, agential, feminine, or divine. Consequently, in addressing climate change today religious new materialisms must seek to do more than resurrect dead matter. Rigorously held binaries between life and death must be disrupted while critically attending to both the enchantments and disenchantments of matter. Remapping such binaries to a more relational sense of responsive animation might allow for broader recognition of and proper response to both climate change and the pervasive influence of oil, while opening new relational possibilities for envisioning the sacred.
Rewilding Religion for a Primeval Future
Authors: Pike Sarah M.
Published: January 2024

This essay is not so much about planetary thinking, but is concerned with practices, especially ritualized practices, that express and constitute immanent worldviews. In this essay, I understand ritual as a distinctive way of enacting and constituting relationships among humans, as well as between humans and nonhuman animals, plants, rocks, and so on. This essay is concerned with how planetary and materialist thinking emerges from ritualized relationships with the more-than-human world. Three examples of immanent worldviews in practice—contemporary Pagans (Witches, Druids, and others recreating pre-Christian European traditions), radical eco-activists, and ancestral skills practitioners—are from my twenty plus years of research on contemporary North Americans’ new practices of immanence. They are examples of rewilding religion/spirituality in contemporary America and of new animisms embodied through ritual practices. For these communities, what is sacred and meaningful is on the earth and in the company of earth’s other denizens; they foreground immanence and reject transcendence.
The Animist, Almost Feminist, Quite Nearly Pantheist Old Materialism of Giordano Bruno
Authors: Rubenstein Mary-Jane
Published: January 2024

Framed by the concerns of new materialist and new animist cosmologies, this paper explores the “old” animist materiality of Giordano Bruno (1548–1600). In his dialogical reconfiguration of Aristotelian metaphysics, Bruno proclaimed the divine animacy of all things by virtue of their shared participation in a material world soul. Structured around a close reading of De la causa, principio e uno, the chapter walks through Bruno’s subtle and occasionally hilarious deconstruction of Aristotle’s hierarchical categories—hierarchies that Bruno boldly attributes to a longstanding philosophical loathing of women. By recoding femininity as active rather than passive and full rather than empty, Bruno’s spokesman “Teofilo” ultimately affirms material beings as universally animate, and matter itself as the very principle of creation.
Emergence Theory and the New Materialisms
Authors: Schilbrack Kevin
Published: January 2024

Emergence theory is a recently revived attempt by philosophers to provide an ontological account of what it means to say that a whole is greater than the sum of its parts. This theory is valuable for materialists because it avoids the dualisms that hinder our ability to explain the world. That is, the concept of emergence offers an account of living entities without introducing any mysterious entelechies or élan vital, an account of human entities without speaking of immaterial souls or minds, and an account of cultural entities that does not invoke some Hegelian Geist. This concept should therefore be adopted by new materialists who seek to recognize the dynamism and agency of entities in the world without departing from materialism.
New Materialisms and Planetary Persistence, Purpose, and Politics
Authors: Eaton Heather
Published: January 2024

New materialisms have become irresistible intellectual tidal swells of novel insights, disruptions, and creativity. Eurowestern intellectual traditions are implicated in these innovative cultural theories that have broad implications. Countless disciplines are (re)formulating themselves in light of critiques and perceptions. The chapter begins with mentioning a few new materialist characteristics, including issues within academia that can inhibit plunging into the confluence of disciplines involved in new materialisms and planetary thinking. The second section focuses on symbolic consciousness and how these processes reveal infinite entanglements. The third considers evolution and the importance for any planetary thinking infused with insights from new materialisms. The suggestion is that there are lacunae within new materialisms and planetary thinking. Understanding symbolic consciousness as well as incorporating the significance of evolutionary processes are proposed as correctives and expansions to both.
The Entangled Relations of Our Ecological Crisis: Religion, Capitalism’s Logics, and New Forms of Planetary Thinking
Authors: Hartman Matthew R.
Published: January 2024

Defined in scientific journals and bolstered by climactic media spectacles, the so-called Anthropocene has produced an increasingly dominant cultural narrative that locates the origins of the climate crisis in European industrialization and assumes a monolithic human subject universally acting upon the planet. Such a historical narrative champions technical responses and technocratic solutions, ignoring religious discourse and the complex entangled relations between humans and the more-than-human. This chapter challenges underlying assumptions of this Anthropocene narrative and the enveloping nature of the term that can obscure more than it enlightens in describing the current era of climate change. Instead, the chapter examines the alternative concept of the capitalocene, which better highlights these relations by focusing on the intertwining nexus of theology, capitalism, and colonialism in shaping the current climate crisis before turning to new planetary thinking and creative religious responses moving forward.
Developing a Critical Romantic Religiosity for a Planetary Community
Authors: Bauman Whitney A.
Published: January 2024

This essay argues that the reductive and productive version of “naturalism” that we have come to associate with modern science is actually a relatively recent understanding of the natural world, especially in the biological sciences. It was not until World War II that the reductive and productive understanding of nature became the dominant, scientific assumption. Prior to that, there were many scientists who argued that nature was somehow alive, en-souled, and/or agential. Such understandings of nature not only placed humans as part of a living, natural world, but also provided sources of “spirituality.” This paper will look at some of these romantic scientists in dialogue with contemporary understandings of emergence theory and new materialisms, in order to construct what I am calling a Critical Planetary Romanticism (CPR) for the Earth.
Navigating Mass Psychology: The Political Myth of Trumpism
Authors: Bottici Chiara
Published: January 2024

This chapter attends to the limits as well as the affordances of the Freudian theory of the subject, arguing that this theory is dependent on patriarchal and racist biases. At the same time, however, the chapter highlights the continued salience of Freud’s “mass psychology” in an age of neo-fascist reaction. It looks to Adorno’s essay on “Freudian Theory and the Pattern of Fascist Propaganda,” which calls attention to the emptiness of the fascist agitator’s speech, the absence of anything this agitator can actually “give,” and the consequent prevalence of the register of threat and violence. Bottici argues that this register accounts for the centrality of race in Trumpism and in fascist and neo-fascist discourse more generally: Here race can function as an “empty” space that defines the group negatively. This Adornian insight has implications for our understanding of the gender politics of contemporary neo-fascisms as well, and Bottici analyzes the current crusade against “gender ideology” and the right’s abiding investments in the patriarchal family.
Challenging the Outlaw Thesis: New Configurations of Sexuality, Politics, and Aesthetics
Authors: Blakeney Ty
Published: January 2024

This chapter analyzes the “Great Replacement” thesis and its main proponent, the gay French novelist Renaud Camus. It contends that Camus’s history as both a celebrated, avant-garde gay author and as an odious right-wing ideologue forces us to hold these seemingly irreconcilable positions together in a way that challenges the deconstructive consensus that has, Blakeney argues, animated literary studies for decades. This reading of Camus also challenges “the outlaw thesis,” or the idea that homosexual subjects are somehow inherently outlaw to, and thus in some way outside of, the nation-state. Camus forces a re-examination of gay and even queer complicities with a range of racist and nationalist projects, and the chapter prompts us to consider the queerness of figures on the contemporary far right, if not the queerness of the far right itself. It emphasizes the coherent social self for whom homosexuality and racism, avant-garde aesthetics and reactionary politics, are not at all strange bedfellows.
The Return to Exile: Critical Shifts in the Age of Neo-Zionism
Authors: Setter Shaul
Published: January 2024

This chapter shows how contemporary Israeli nationalism works by prolonging and maximizing the experience of exile. Setter identifies a shift in the meaning of exile, which is not subversive nowadays but hegemonic. What started as a critical position in Israeli academia with very few social agents has thus become widespread in the last two decades and penetrated mainstream politics, in an astonishing process of osmosis from critical discourse to social and cultural activism and from here to mass media and state politics. But this critical position’s oppositional edge has been diminished if not completely eradicated, and it seems to have been internalized by the new hegemonic ideology: Whereas classical Zionism was based on the negation of exile, neo-Zionism sponsors a revaluation of exile. What was once a hallmark of minoritarian subjectivity, the plight of the exile or refugee has become aligned with the neoliberal tendency to dismantle the centralized state and break the population into communities of identities; and it does both things while reinforcing an ethnonational ethos. The critique of Zionism must therefore take different forms today given that its old tools have been co-opted and all too successfully wielded by the state that it sought to oppose.
“The New Conservative Humanism”: Reflections on a New Ethnonational Counterrevolution
Authors: Perreau Bruno
Published: January 2024

This chapter studies an ethnonational ideology that “claims to be both a majority and a minority.” Focusing on the case of France and on the “new conservative humanism” there, Perreau undertakes to show how this humanism informs “anti-gender” protests, right-wing ecological activism, and populist movements, among other ongoing developments. Perreau’s analysis culminates with a call to re-examine the very notion of minority.
Descartes’s Iterative Cogito, or the Sum of Each and Every Time
Authors: Van Den Abbeele Georges
Published: January 2024

This chapter explicates Nancy’s radical and foundational rereading of Descartes, first in the 1978 monograph, Ego sum, then over the course of the rest of Nancy’s work. Nancy reads Descartes’s cogito as singularly interrupted, or “iterative.” He urges us to grasp the foundational statement, ego sum, ego existo, as necessarily iterative, as having to be repeated in its singularity, “each time.” Far from the continuity of a self-actualizing subjectivity, we encounter the endless interruption of self-evidence, of self-sensing, that can never be fully evident beyond the singular event of its utterance. The analysis enabled by this perspective opens a set of figures that will stake out the senses of the scene of writing, of philosophy’s self-presentation, of world-making or “fabling,” and of corporal areality. All of these emerge in later works as prominent concerns of Nancy’s philosophical attention. Most importantly, Nancy’s subsequent deconstruction of the opposition between body and mind (or the sensible and the intelligible) derives from this same thesis of interrupted consciousness while revealing that relation as an unum quid, or “as-if one,” that unravels the ways in which thinking and perceiving, meaning and sensation, are differing but interrelated forms of cogitation, differing kinds of sense-making.
Monograms
Authors: Van Den Abbeele Georges
Published: January 2024

This chapter critically details Nancy’s experiments, as a philosopher, with an interruptive genre of short, occasional writings that model an engagement with the current context or “actuality” of their composition. The term “monogram” derives from Kant’s concept of the schema as a hinge between the sensible and the intelligible. Nancy explicitly takes up the term, expands upon its implications, and galvanizes it into a thinking that tries to make sense of the singular, including the singular events of our time. This is a claim that goes to the heart of Nancy’s career-long reflection on the form as well as the content of philosophical writing as a mode of critical intervention. As such, the monograms propose a genre of philosophical writing that is punctual, fragmented, and interrupted, corresponding to a thinking inhabited and shaped by its finitude, a thinking that effectively questions the sense of philosophy’s singular engagement with the world, with the unheard-of in philosophy. Nancy’s philosophical monograms thus model the interventionist, interruptive style found in much of his later writings on topics as diverse as the disaster of Fukushima, the COVID pandemic, or the foibles of French president Macron. They figure the interruption of philosophy in its actuality.