bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Micro-Economics Foundations of Islamic Economics
Authors: Choudhury Masudul Alam
Published: December 2020

I. Objective of this PaperThe main objective of this paper is to show the relevance of ethical or normativeelements in economic theory. The paper builds on the exchangemechanism of economics as the ethical basis of the social order and showsthat an ethical economic system must be capable of infdtely reproducingthis exchange mechanism in the rational working of the total social systemthrough higher and higher levels of social preferences.In building up this analytical framework of ethical economics, we studythe field of social economics in general and of Islamic economics in particularas a field of social economics. Through this we introduce a reconceptualizationof ethical economics in terms of the fundamental microeconomic buildmgblocks. The premise of the argument therefore is that since the exchangemechanism is the instrument of transmitting ethical preferences, it is themicroeconomic foundation that is capable in the first place of buildmg upthe ethical economic order as a whole. The ethical macroeconomic systemdepends upon aggregations at the microeconomic level.II. IntroductionAs Boulding mentions, economics first started off as a moral science.Adam Smith, who was ”both the Adam and the Smith of systematic economics,”was professor of moral philosophy. Even long after that, economics continuedto be taught as a part of the moral sciences tripos at Cambridge University ...
The State, Religion, and Ethnic Politics
Authors: Ahmed Akbar S.
Published: December 2020

As the ideas of struggle against imperialism and class were prominentamong social scientists a generation ago, those of ethnicity are in the forefronttoday. Ethnicity-language, race, folk culture, food, etc., cut across classand sect. In Africa and Asia it has assumed violent political shape, succeedingin creating nations like Bangladesh or seriously disrupting them as in thecase of (Sri Lanka).The interrelationship of ethnicity with the state and religion are exploredin Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan in the book. It is the very fuzziness ofthese central concepts - state, religion, ethnicity - that creates so much heataround their discussion. The theoretical linkages between the concepts inthese three states are clear. Not so clear is the method to resolve tensionsbetween them. A book, then, which brings together “an outstanding groupof anthropologists, historians, political scientists and Islamicists” promisesvalue.Fourteen distinguished academics have combined to produce the contentsof the book. Some cannot resist the pitfall into which social scientists arewont to plummet, i.e., the use of impenetrably recondite jargon: “Whateverthe particular criterion for group identity, inquiry into the relationship ofethnic groups to the larger sociocultural systems of which they are a partought to rest on the ‘situational’ approach to ethnicity” (P. Higgins: p.169).Mercifully this kind of language is restricted.African and Asian scholars will be quick to apply the label “Orientalist”to some of the participants. Others will note that the 4 authors of the chapterson Pakistan are non-Muslims; an observation not entirely irrelevant abouta book on ethnicity and religion. This kind of emotionalism however, mustnot be allowed to distract from the quality of the work. The papers are scholarly,and most are based on a life-time’s work. They attempt to discuss the centralissues in complex and changing societies.The editors, in a comprehensive and useful introduction, lay out their ...
The Seminar on the Impact of Islamic Lifestyles on the Health and Development of Mankind
Authors: USA IIIT -
Published: December 2020

The Eastern Mediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization,the Islamic Organization for Medical Sciences, and the Royal Academyfor Islamic Civilization Research (the Aal Al-Bayt Foundation) jointly sponsoreda seminar on “Islamic Lifestyles and their Impact on Health and theGeneral Development of Mankind” in order to put this Islamic heritage inthe service of all human beings.The idea of.holding this Seminar was first conceived by the EasternMediterranean Regional Office of the World Health Organization becauseof its profound conviction that:1. Health constitutes the physical, psychological, and social wellbeingof the individual.2. Particular lifestyles have a major impact on the health ofthe individual and the society at large.3. Islam views the concept of well-being as a pre-requisite of‘Aqidah (creed) and Shari’ah which the Muslims fully appliedand implemented in their Golden Age -thus, providingliving proof of its success in real life.The first task undertaken by the participants involved the exhaustive listingand description of Islamic lifestyles in all spheres, and, the determiningof their Islamic roots on the basis of evidence from the Qur’an and Hadith.The second task focused on exploring the benefits to be acquired and theharms to be avoided through the adoption of these Islamic lifestyles by theindividual, the family, the society, and all human beings especially in thespheres of mental and physical health, and the well-being of social and humanrelationships. The third task involved devising plans of action for utilizingand applying all or part of the knowledge gained about Islamic lifestylesin order to demonstrate their beneficial influence as a means of reforminglife and setting mankind on the straight path.The Seminar participants also formed a smaller committee to exatninethe results of its research and deliberations so as to prepare, as soon as possible ...
Frecuencia de infección de las vías urinarias en el embarazo
Authors: Barros de Castro Luciana , Galeano Reynal Shirley Montserrat
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del trabajo fue describir las características epidemiológicas de la infección urinaria en embarazadas, sus síntomas, causas, efectos y determinar la prevalencia de IVU en embarazadas. La Infección del tracto urinario o infección urinaria (ITU) es una patología frecuente en las embarazadas a nivel mundial. El método elegido fue una revisión bibliográfica integrativa. Para la selección de los artículos se utilizó una búsqueda fue con varias palabras claves que incluyeron: infección urinaria, mujeres, diagnóstico, incidencia, mortalidad, costo, recurrencia, prevención, sensibilidad a los antimicrobianos y factores de riesgo para el desarrollo de las IVU en el embarazas. Las IVU ocurren en gran número en mujeres adolescentes, incrementándose marcadamente su incidencia después del inicio de la vida sexual activa. Los resultados mostraron que la edad de las mujeres embarazadas muy jóvenes y con un perfil socioeconómico puede influir en ocurrencia de la IVU. Los agentes etiológicos aislados más comunes fueron: Escherichia coli y Staphylococcus. Todas las pacientes con IVU presentaron manifestaciones clínicas, principalmente nicturia, polaquiuria, dolor en flanco y orina oscura. Se concluye que las manifestaciones de IVU pueden ser poco confiables durante la gestación debido al gran porcentaje de embarazadas que presentaron síntomas sugestivos, pero urocultivo negativo.
Los índices de pacientes adultos con sobrepeso u obesidad, asistidos por nutricionistas en el Hospital Materno Infantil, barrio Loma Pytá, en la ciudad de Asunción, Paraguay, 2019
Authors: Souza Everton , Siqueira Suzaneide , Dennis Mirta
Published: December 2020

La obesidad es una enfermedad caracterizada por la acumulación excesiva de grasa corporal, que produce efectos nocivos para la salud. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) es un indicador simple de la relación entre el peso y la talla que se utiliza frecuentemente para identificar el sobrepeso y la obesidad en los adultos. Se calcula dividiendo el peso de una persona en kilos por el cuadrado de su talla en metros (kg/m2). Desde 1975, la obesidad se ha casi triplicado en todo el mundo. Actualmente, se ha considerado el trastorno nutricional más importante en los países desarrollados y en desarrollo, debido a su mayor incidencia. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar los niveles de sobrepeso u obesos en pacientes que consultaron nutricionistas en el Hospital Materno Infantil de Loma Pytá, de Asunción durante el mes de octubre de 2019. Fue un estudio no experimental, observacional descriptivo que incluyó 78 pacientes de ambos sexos diagnosticados con exceso de peso. El 73% de los pacientes diagnosticados, correspondieron al sexo femenino, edad de 18±80 años. La mayoría de los pacientes que buscaban ayuda médica nutricional ya eran en gran mayoría obesos, teniendo en vista el soma de los que tenían grado de obesidad I, II y III, equivaliendo a 62% de los pacientes y el 38% restante eran pacientes con sobrepeso diagnosticado. Treinta pacientes con sobrepeso (38%), 27 pacientes con obesidad grado I (35%), 12 pacientes con obesidad grado II (15%) y 9 pacientes con obesidad grado III (12%). En el grado de obesidad de cada género, poco más de 90% de los pacientes masculinos era entre hombres con sobrepeso y con obesidad grado I (leve). En los porcentuales femeninos, 16% de ellas tienen obesidad grado III y 17% obesidad grado II.
Design and Architecture of Jxta-Based Game Software in Java
Authors: Appiah Frank
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the interest of explicit software processes of design and
architecture for (1) architectural view understanding and communication, (2) design reuse and principles of Jxta-based game software development. The considered architecture includes hierarchical and logical views which are modeled in the Java-based Maiar API and achieved by Jxta message exchanges. The topology of the world map of the game software can be viewed as undirected graph in which vertices (nodes) represent the rooms and the edges represent the rooms and the edges represent the playable movements between nodes.
Improved Leach algorithm for detecting opinion leaders in social networks
Authors: Elmi Yasser
Published: December 2020

The most important features of the proposed method include: 1) introducing
an innovation in Leach algorithm and applying it in a different field from its
common application, 2) using standard centrality indicators to calculate the
correlation degree in order to improve the identification of opinion leaders in
social networks, 3)this algorithm is completely automatic and works without
operator intervention.
REVIEW: EKSIPIEN UNTUK PEMBUATAN TABLET DENGAN METODE KEMPA LANGSUNG
Authors: Sulaiman Teuku Nanda Saifullah , Sulaiman Salman
Published: December 2020

Tablet merupakan salah satu bentuk sediaan farmasi yang sangat popular. Sediaan tablet dapat dibuat dengan berbagai cara, diantaranya dengan metode kempa langsung, granulasi basah, granulasi kering, fast melt granulation, dan foam granulation. Masing-masing metode tersebut memiliki kelebihan dan kelemahan. Metode kempa langsung memiliki kelebihan pada prosesnya yang cepat yaitu hanya membutuhkan proses pencampuran dan pengempaan. Tidak semua bahan aktif dapat langsung dikempa karena memiliki kelemahan pada sifat alirnya yang jelek dan tidak kompresibel. Proses kempa langsung memerlukan bahan tambahan atau eksipien yang disebut filler-binder. Artikel review ini akan mendiskusikan tentang perkembangan eksipien untuk pembuatan tablet secara kempa langsung. Saat ini banyak eksipien kempa langsung yang ditawarkan di pasar, dengan berbagai keunggulannya. Eksipien tersebut merupakan material co-processed yang dikembangkan dari material asal yang tidak dapat digunakan untuk eksipien kempa langsung. Berbagai co-processing yang dilakukan pada akhir akan menghasilkan material baru yang memiliki sifat-sifat yang lebih baik. Dengan tersedianya berbagai jenis eksipien kempa langsung, maka formulator memiliki pilihan yang beragam untuk diaplikasikan dalam formula yang dirancang. Hal ini akan memberikan keleluasaan dalam memilih eksipien untuk diaplikasikan pada berbagai zat aktif sehingga akan menghasilkan sediaan yang bermutu.
Ru’yat al-aqallīyāt al-muslimah hawla al-tadayyun: Mawqif jayl al-shabāb fi Manado
Authors: Bukido Rosdalina , Syarif Ubed Abdilah , Mantu Rahman
Published: December 2020

This article presents data on the religious attitudes of Muslim minority communities. Similar themes have been studied considerably, but most of them are researched in the Muslim majority areas. Therefore, the author tries to delve into the same topic, but it investigates a different locus, namely how the religious views and attitudes of Muslim minority youth in Manado. The findings reveal that the attitudes and behavior of Muslim youth in Manado towards diversity tend to be conservative with scriptural and puritanical features. However, their basic attitude is highly open towards moderate values and principles, with a decent respect for individual freedom and human rights, even though norms and culture constrain them, this shows a paradox. On the one hand, they show a tolerant attitude, but on other certain aspects or problems, their attitude tends to be intolerant. In its context, the attitudes and religiosity of these Muslim youths have sparked social change in the City of Manado.
Pergumulan Praktik, Identitas dan Otoritas Islam di Indonesia Timur
Authors: Wahid Abdul
Published: December 2020

Kathryn M. Robinson (Ed.). 2020. Mosques and Imams: Everyday Islam in Eastern Indonesia. Singapore: NUS Press, National University of Singapore.This book provides an in-depth and critical narrative that contributes to a better understanding of Indonesian Muslim society's complexities and shifts. In contrast to studies on the dynamics of Islam in the western part of Indonesia, especially Java, which is centered on the figures of kiyai and Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) or Islamic schools (madrasah) institutions, the subjects of this study are mosques and imams. Both of which play a role as locus and agents of Islamization in Eastern Indonesia. With an ethnographic approach, this book is highly rich in details and insights that describe the particularity, diversity, nuances, as well as dimensions of Muslim communities in South Sulawesi, Maluku, East Nusa Tenggara, and West Nusa Tenggara. This book argues that religious authorities (imams) are autonomous figures who have considerable capacity to act, which enables them to shape their people's specific experiences and identities by utilizing mosques as sites to exercise their agency.
Religious Trend in Contemporary Indonesia: Conservatism Domination on Social Media
Authors: Kirana Dita , Garadian Endi Aulia
Published: December 2020

Religion is predicted to dissipate from social significance through the processes of development or economic modernization. Classical secularization theory forecasted religion in the modern era will face some circumstances such as 1) the decline of personal faith, religious beliefs and practices; and (2) the retreat of religion from public space (Cassanova: 1994, 2010). However, the supporters of secularization and modernization theories failed to notice that religion did not disappear from the public sphere. The opposite occurs in Southeast Asia. Economic development program and modernization could work hand-in-hand with religion in the region (Feener and Fountain: 2018).In the context of Indonesia, the issue of religion has gone through ups and downs. The story of Indonesia’s revival of Islam had been begun when the country experienced anti-communist campaigns of 1965-66 (McVey: 2006). Since then, the government obliged all of its societies to profess one of Indonesia’s recognized religions: Islam, Catholicism, Protestantism, Buddhism, and Hinduism (now Confucianism has been added to the list) (Qurtuby: 2013). The pressure for all citizens to embrace one particular recognized religion resulted in great conversion from local religions/faiths—Hindu, Buddha, abangan, etc.—to Islam (Hefner: 1987a, 1987b, 1989; cf. Beatty: 1999). It then witnesses rapid growth of the grassroots Islam and the spread of Islamization (Houben: 2003).
Social-economic development of the Transcarpathian region: interregional and transboundary comparisons
Authors: Sozanskyy Lyubomyr
Published: December 2020

In the article, a comparative interregional and cross-border assessment of socio-economic development of the Transcarpathian region is conducted. The results of the study are based on an analysis of the level and dynamics of such key indicators of economic and social development of the region as GRP per capita, employment rate, unemployment rate, average monthly salary, etc. According to the results of interregional comparisons, the low level of efficiency of the economy but the positive dynamics of some indicators of the labor market of the Transcarpathian region was revealed. In particular, among the regions of Ukraine in 2013-2017, the region was 22nd in terms of GRP per capita and 19th in terms of employment. At the same time, by unemployment, it rose from 15th in 2013 to 10th in 2018, and the average monthly wage ranged from 20th to 7th, respectively. Cross-border comparisons showed a significant lag behind the Transcarpathian region from the neighboring regions of Poland, Slovakia, Romania and Hungary for all considered socio-economic indicators. Thus, in particular, according to the indicator of GRP per capita, this lag compared to the Kosice region (Slovakia) in 2017 was 11.4 times. The average monthly salary in Transcarpathian region is 4 times lower than in the neighboring Kosice and Presov regions of Slovakia and the Podkarpackie voivodship of Poland. The positive dynamics in the direction of reducing the above-mentioned gaps in the level of socio-economic development of the analyzed regions in 2017-2018 are revealed. In addition, a regional peculiarity has been identified – the Transcarpathian region and the regions it borders, lag substantially behind the countries they belong to by the level of socio-economic development. As a result, the conclusion is drawn that the results of the conducted inter-regional and transboundary assessment of the socio-economic development of the Transcarpathian region will facilitate the development of inter-regional and interstate programs and strategies for the development of the Carpathian transboundary region to eliminate the identified imbalances.
The impact of land reform on the development of united territorial communities
Authors: Smovzhenko Tamara , Korkuna Oryslava , Korkuna Ivan , Khromyak Ulyana
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, according to decentralization and current legislation (Land Code of Ukraine, Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Law of Ukraine «On Self-Governance»), the public lands have been transferred to the CTCs since 1 February 2018. In 2018/2019, 788 CTCs received communal ownership of 1.68 ha of public lands. According to the Draft Law «On Amendments to Several Legal Documents of Ukraine on Agricultural Lands Turnover», the consolidated territorial communities become the legal entities and can acquire property rights to agricultural land plots. Therefore, transferring the lands to be used by the newly created CTCs is currently an urgent issue that requires extended scientific and practical research. The paper aims to research the role of land reform in Ukraine and its impact on increase of CTCs’ budget revenues. The stages of land reform and the development of the land reform in Ukraine as well as its implementation strategy are outlined. The disparities of the integrated satellite map and the data of the Land Cadaster of Ukraine in terms of unregistered lands are defined. The amount of a CTC budget’s increased revenues due to the reform is estimated. Statistical data on small, medium, and large farmers and their interest in the land reform are analyzed. The terms of selling the land to foreign investors and conditions of participation in land auctions are examined. The mechanisms of land purchase, selling, and lease in line with the land reform are suggested. Generalizing the presented aspects of the land reform in Ukraine and their impact on economic activity of the newly created CTCs, it can be argued that the process is quite positive and necessary for both communities and businesses in order to get additional budget revenues for CTCs. The land reform improves the living standards of Ukrainian people through the disclosure of the country’s agricultural capacity.
Władza nie patrzy, władza wizualizuje
Authors: Zaremba Łukasz
Published: December 2020

Tekst poświęcony przemianom perspektywy badawczej Nicholasa Mirzoeffa, recenzja jego książki "The Right to Look. A Counterhistory of Visuality", Duke University Press, Durham – London 2011.
Spontaneous vascular plants for the territory of the Znesinnya Regional Landscape Park (Lviv)
Authors: Kuzyarin Oleksandr , Sytschak Nadiya , Kagalo Oleksandr
Published: December 2020

On the base of research florochorology, studing the main herbarion collections (LW, LWKS, LWS) and analisis the literature the checklist of the spontaneous vascular plants for the territory of the Znesinnya Regional Landscape Park has been compiled. Some 727 species from 392 genera, 108 families, 59 orders, 5 classes and 4 divisions are presented from the investigated area. Among them, the most common part (77.7%) belongs to the representatives of the Magnoliopsida class, while the Liliopsida class of representations is significantly less (19.3%). With a wide range of disputes, coniferous trees are stocked less than 3.0% of all types. The species distribution to the leading families and genera have been analysed. For the first time were recorded the present habitats of 30 rare species (15 from the Red Data Book of Ukraine, аnd 15 species are rare in the region). The locations of the rare species with state sozological status (Dactylorhiza incarnata (L.) Soó, Epipactis palustris (L.) Crantz, Listera ovata (L.) R.Br., Lilium martagon L., Orchis militaris L.) were offered for the first time. Two species from addition of the First Bern Convention (Cypripedium calceolus and Pulsatilla grandis) are disappeared on the territory of the park.
The use of innovative technologies VR, AR, 3D in museum pedagogy
Authors: Pozynych Iryna
Published: December 2020

The most important task of a teacher is to teach children to learn, and to interest modern students in learning is not easy, but possible. Innovative and computer technologies can become assistants, which allow not only to form students' knowledge, skills and abilities, but also to solve a more important task that arises before learning - to develop the student's personality, to satisfy his cognitive interests.
Rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve in collections of State Museum of Natural History (Lviv, Ukraine)
Authors: Glotov Sergii , Hushtan Habriel , Kanarsky Yuriy , Hushtan Kateryna , Rizun Volodymyr
Published: December 2020

The collection of the rove beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) in State Museum of Natural History (Lviv), National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is one of the richest and most famous collections of Ukraine. A great part of this collection consists of dry mounted specimens (about 5000) including about 700 species. This material is partly mounted, reordered, and catalogued. In this paper, we present a checklist of these specimens collected by several generations of entomologists in the 20-21th centuries from the territory and surrounding areas of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve (according to the labels). In general, there are 287 Staphylinidae specimens of 24 species of 16 genera and 6 subfamily (Aleocharinae – 8 species, Omaliinae – 2 species, Oxytelinae – 1 species, Staphylininae – 11 species, Tachyporinae – 2 species). Leptusa flavicornis Brancsik, 1874 is recorded in Ukraine for the first time.
Los hornillos de tierra cocida en Las Travesías de San Luis (Argentina). Primeros aportes para una propuesta funcional.
Authors: Heider Guillermo
Published: December 2020

Los rasgos de tierra cocida, conocidos actualmente como hornitos u hornillos, son un elemento característico del registro arqueológico en numerosos sitios de la franja central de Argentina. Estos han sido descriptos y estudiados desde principios del siglo pasado por diferentes autores, algunos de los cuales realizaron inferencias funcionales y simbólicas. Como parte de un proyecto que se desarrolla en el Chaco Seco de San Luis que incluye ese registro material, realizamos, en este trabajo, una primera aproximación funcional. Para ello utilizamos dos vías de acercamiento. Por un lado, un estudio arqueológico de escala regional que incluye análisis geomorfológicos y fechados radiocarbónicos. Por otro, estudios etnobiológicos con pobladores rurales tendientes a caracterizar algunos aspectos del manejo de los recursos hídricos. Esta convergencia de escala y métodos sin antecedentes recientes nos permite proponer que los hornillos funcionaron como cisternas para la colecta, conservación y descontaminación de agua.
Estudio de dieta en poblaciones arqueológicas del centro de Argentina a través del análisis de microrrestos vegetales e isótopos estables
Authors: Tavarone Adana Melisa , Colobig María de los Milagros , Fabra Mariana
Published: December 2020

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos a partir del análisis de isótopos estables (δ13Ccol y δ15N) y de los microrrestos vegetales hallados en el cálculo dental de 43 individuos adultos (28 masculinos – 15 femeninos) y un individuo juvenil (masculino), datados por AMS entre 387 ± 41 y 4058 ± 89 14C años AP, con el objetivo de abordar, desde una perspectiva bioarqueológica, el estudio de la dieta de los grupos humanos que ocuparon la región central del país. Los individuos provienen de 22 sitios arqueológicos, ubicados en dos regiones geográficas diferentes de la provincia de Córdoba: Sierras y Llanuras. Las prevalencias se calcularon considerando sexo, cronología y procedencia geográfica de cada individuo. Los resultados sugieren el consumo principalmente de plantas silvestres con patrón fotosintético C3, tales como Prosopis sp., Geoffroea decorticans y Trithrinax campestris a lo largo de todo el Holoceno tardío, y la incorporación de recursos vegetales cultivados de tipo C4, como Zea mays, y C3 como Phaseolus sp. a partir de los 1192 ± 40 14C años AP en la región Llanuras, con la posterior incorporación de Cucurbita sp. y Solanum tuberosum, ambos con patrón fotosintético C3, hacia los 954 ± 85 14C años AP exclusivamente en Sierras.
Dynamics of COVID-19 Transmission: Compartmental-based Mathematical Modeling
Authors: Ishtiaq Amna
Published: December 2020

The current pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov2) demands scientists all over the world to make their possible contributions in whatever way possible to control this disease. In such health emergency, mathematical epidemiologists are playing a pivotal role by constructing different mathematical and statistical models for predicting different future scenario and their impact on different intervention strategies to policy makers and health legislators. Compartmental-based models (CBM), are a type of transmission dynamic framework, which are one of the most studied models during this pandemic. This communication highlights the role CBM models play for the understanding of COVID-19 transmission dynamics.
Curcumin: From Ancient Spice to Modern Anti-Viral Drug in COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Subhan Fazli , Khan Khalil Atif Ali , Zeeshan Muhammad , Haider Adnan , Tauseef Isfahan , Kashif Haleem Syed , Saadi Ibrahim Ahmed
Published: December 2020

A viral disease such as COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease-2019) is a major health problem and worsens the complications of various diseases including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and cancers. The current study summarises the therapeutic progress and efficacy of curcumin for the cure and prevention of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and SARS-related COVID-19. Curcumin is extracted from the herb Curcuma longa L., known for its various therapeutic functions such as anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti- cancer activities. Very little is known about its therapeutic importance for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infections and complications. Curcumin has the ability to interact with spike protein or ACE2 protein in COVID-19-induced signal transduction pathway. Curcumin also suppresses several important signaling pathways in viral infection such as the well-known transcription factors including NF-kB, STAT-3, Wnt/β-catenin, Nrf2, p38/MAPK. Curcumin inhibit virus-induced inflammation by modulating the manifestation of various factors such as IL-10, IL-8, IL-6, TNF-α/β, and COX-2 in COVID-19 diseases. The modulation of multiple molecular targets by treatment with curcumin and anti-inflammatory effects of curcumin make it an ideal candidate phytochemical for the treatment of SARS and SARS-related COVID-19.
Expression Profile and Implications of ACE2; The Receptor for New SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Mehmood Sabba , Aslam Shaista , Younis Sidra
Published: December 2020

Expansion of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) involves various risk factors including clinical, genetic, demographic and environmental manifestation but they are insufficient to explain disease pathogenesis. With patients ranging from completely asymptomatic to many suffering mild to severe illness, indicates that COVID- 19 should better be studied at genetic level as different genetic backgrounds predispose to variability in infection susceptibility. Recently, it is recognized that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2) binds and internalized by the host cells through cell surface receptors angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is expressed significantly in variety of human tissues particularly in the lower and upper respiratory tract. To scrutinize the expression profiles and clinical implications of ACE2 gene in humans, literature was extensively reviewed. In common, various studies reported that ACE2 receptor protein is highly conserved among different species, the expression pattern is tissue specific mainly observed in cardiovascular system, breast cells, testis, adipose tissue, kidney, lymphocytes and gastrointestinal system other than the upper and lower respiratory tract. This significant expression makes these organs vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 virus and hence many comorbidities may be observed during the course of infection. The present review on expression profile of ACE2 not only proposes potential clues for COVID-19 pathogenesis but also designate clinical values of ACE2 gene in heterogeneous disorders.
South African Animal Legislation and Marxist Philosophy of Law
Authors: CORDEIRO-RODRIGUES Luis
Published: December 2020

Marxist Philosophy as an explanation of social reality has, since the fall of the Berlin Wall, been largely neglected. However, some philosophers have contended that it may still be relevant to explain today’s social reality. In this article, I wish to demonstrate precisely that
Marxist philosophy can be relevant to understand social reality. To carry out this task, I show that Marxist philosophy of law can offer a sound explanation of Animal law in South Africa. My argument is that South African law is a superstructure that reinforces the power of the animal farming
industry in South Africa. That is, the hidden purpose of the law is to benefit the industry. In order to argue for this, I present two sets of arguments. The first set argues that the law facilitates the functioning of the animal farming industry. In the second set of arguments I contend that
the law socialises individuals into approving the methods of slaughtering by the animal farming industry.
Ethical-cultural Maps of Classical Greek Philosophy: the Contradiction between Nature and Civilization in Ancient Cynicism
Authors: VALATKA Vytis , ASAKAVIČIŪTĖ Vaida
Published: December 2020

This article restores the peculiar ethical-cultural cartography from the philosophical fragments of Ancient Greek Cynicism. Namely, the fragments of Anthistenes, Diogenes of Sinope, Crates, Dio Chrysostom as well as of the ancient historians of philosophy (Diogenes Laertius and Joanes
Stobaeus) are mainly analyzed and interpreted. The methods of comparative analysis as well of rational restoration are applied in this article.The authors of the article concentrate on the main characteristics of the above mentioned cartography, that is, the contradiction between maps
of nature and civilization. The article comes to the conclusion that the basis of this contradiction is the concept of the main value as well as virtue in the above mentioned cynicism, namely, natural radical temperance. According to ancient cynics, this virtue is absolutely incompatible with
pleasure-driven civilization, as the latter annihilates the former. Therefore, cynics interpreted the whole territory of the world known at that time as divided between maps of nature and civilization that never overlap or even intersect. Moreover, according to ancient cynics, the territory
covered by maps of civilization is considerably smaller than that enframed by the maps of nature. Moreover, the areas of nature are continuously being diminished, as civilization resolutely goes ahead. In such a situation that threatens survival of human nature the only possible way out is
a return to the natural value of radical temperance. After cynics, the only effective strategy of achieving that challenging goal is askesis as excercises of temperance dedicated both to body and spirit.The authors of the article also give a certain SWOT analysis of the above mentioned
cartography in the context of contemporary society. According to them, such a cartography possesses both strong and weak points. The main weak point is the contradiction itself between maps of culture and civilization. As a matter of fact, civilization does not annihilate the possibility of
natural temperance, whereas a human being, according to his/her nature, is a creator of culture and civilization. On the other hand, the main positive aspect is an emphasis on virtue of temperance, which is actual, significant and relevant in any epoch, culture and civilization, and which
is pretty much forgotten nowadays.
Philosophical and Cultural Aspects of Medical Profession: Philosophical and Conceptual Peculiarities
Authors: MELNYCHUK Iryna , FEDCHYSHYN Nadiya , PYLYPYSHYN Oleg , VYKHRUSHCH Anatolii
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the philosophical and cultural view of “doctor’s professional culture” as a result of centuries-old practice of human relations, which is characterized by constancy and passed from generation to generation. Medicine is a complex system in which
an important role is played by: philosophical outlook of a doctor, philosophical culture, ecological culture, moral culture, aesthetic culture, artistic culture. We have found that within the system “doctor-patient” the degree of cultural proximity becomes a factor that influences
the health or life of a patient. Thus, the following factors are important here: 1) communication that suppresses a sick person; 2) the balance of cultural and intellectual levels; 3) the cultural environment of a patient which has much more powerful impact on a patient than the medical one.At
the present stage, the interdependence of professional and humanitarian training of future specialists is predominant, as a highly skilled specialist can not but become a subject of philosophizing. We outlined the sphere where the doctors present a genre variety of philosophizing (philosophical
novels, apologies, dialogues, diaries, aphorisms, confessions, essays, etc.). This tradition represents the original variations in the formation of future doctor’s communicative competences, which are formed in the process of medical students’ professional training.A survey
conducted among medical students made it possible to establish their professional values, which are indicators of the formation of philosophical and culturological competence. It was found out that 92% of respondents believed that a doctor should demonstrate a high level of health culture
(avoid drinking and smoking habits, etc.)99% of respondents favoured a high level of personal qualities of a doctor which would allow methods and forms of medical practice to assert higher human ideals of truth, goodness and beauty that are the subject area of cultural studies and philosophy.
The Concept of “Asia” in the Context of Modern China
Authors: HUANG Donglan
Published: December 2020

As a part of the geographical knowledge introduced by Matteo Ricci from the West into China at the beginning of the 17th century, the concept of “Asia” had undergone a cool reception for over three hundred years and did not become a common idea of world geography until the
early 20th century when it was publicized by textbooks and other mass media. As the author points out, Asia is not merely a geographical concept, but also refers to history, culture, and politics. Although early Western missionaries and Chinese scholar-officials like Wei Yuan endowed Asia
with a positive meaning as the origin of world civilization, from the mid-19th century on, Chinese intellectuals, out of a sense of crisis caused by the European invasion of Asia, tended to describe Asia as a backward continent subjugated by the white people. In the 1910s, against the background
of Japan’s annexation of Korea, Asia was divided into two opposing parts, “the country invading other countries” (Japan) and “the countries being invaded by other countries” (India, Korea, and China). Along with the occupation of other Asian countries by Japan
in the name of “the Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere” in the 1930s and 1940s, the concept of Asia also lost its charm among Chinese nationals.
Scientism, Nationalism, and Christianity: The Spread and Influence of Kotoku Shusui’s On the Obliteration of Christ in China
Authors: ZHENG Xuejun
Published: December 2020

Owing to Zhu Zhixin’s introduction and Liu Wendian’s translation, Japanese anarchist Kotoku Shusui’s On the Obliteration of Christ came to have a great impact on China’s Anti-Christian Movement following the May Fourth Movement. What these three texts
oppose is not only Christian authority, but also political power. In a continuous line, these writings lay the basic framework for Chinese anti-Christian speech in the 1920s, as the combination of scientism and nationalism began to shape people’s perception of Christianity.
Between Animal and Human: The Evolving “Mouse” in Successive Version of Fifteen Strings of Cash
Authors: LI Xinzhu
Published: December 2020

This paper focuses on the change of the image of “mouse” which was transformed from the legend of Fifteen Strings of Cash to the other versions. The legend of Fifteen Strings of Cash, written by Zhu Suchen, was a story of the vindication of defendants in a
court case and formed the basis for a series adaptations. The legend of Fifteen Strings of Cash provided a frame of imagination about the image of a “mouse”. Meanwhile, the adaptation of the legend in folk opera provided a more ethical narrative than the original. The folk
versions not only strengthened the “evil” of the “mouse”, but also heightened the suffering of innocent scholars. In the contemporary versions after 1949, the “mouse” as an animal disappeared in the story, and Lou Ashu (“shu” means “mouse”
in Chinese) became a pure villain in this play, which also symbolized “evil” and pointed to the feudal and backward old society.
Theodore Evergates, Marie of France, Countess of Champagne, 1145–1198. The Middle Ages Series. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2019, ix, 180 pp., 2 maps, 5 fig.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2020

We are all quite familiar with Marie of France, Countess of Champagne who was, as far as we can tell, the patron of Chrétien de Troyes, Gautier d’Arras, and probably also of Andreas Capellanus. From the historical perspective, we cannot tell too much about her, except that
she appears to have ruled relatively independently and was a great supporter of the arts. Theodore Evergates now provides a kind of biography of this significant person, as far as this is possible on the basis of relatively scant documentation.
Chronique rimée de Livonie, traduction de Danielle Buschinger et Mathieu Olivier. Introduction et notes de Mathieu Olivier. Traductions des classiques du Moyen Âge, 103. Paris: Honoré Champion, 2019, 469 S.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2020

Jede moderne Übersetzung eines mittelalterlichen Textes ist zu begrüßen, denn damit wird stets ein neuer Baustein zur Verfügung gestellt, das Interesse am Mittelalter zu wecken bzw. zu fördern und die Forschung über diese Epoche voranzutreiben. Chroniken
wie die Livländische Reimchronik sitzen allerdings etwas zwischen den Stühlen, da sie eigentlich bloß als historische Quellen aufzufassen wären, zugleich aber einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Schriftkultur leisteten. Bei der hier zu besprechenden Übersetzung geht
es um das älteste Werk der Deutschordens-Literatur, in der die Geschichte der deutschen Siedlung im Baltikum zwischen ca. 1180 und ca. 1290 dargelegt wird. Beim anonymen Verfasser dürfte es sich um ein Mitglied des Ordens gehandelt haben, es ist aber strittig, ob das Werk dazu diente,
um laut den Brüdern vorgelesen zu werden, oder ob es nicht viel eher dazu diente, bedenkt man den Einsatz von Mittelhochdeutsch, um im Westen des Reiches Unterstützung für die Bemühungen des Ordens zu gewinnen (A. Murray, Crausade and Conversion on the Baltic Frontier
1150–1500, 2001). Auf jeden Fall verdient diese Chronik unser Interesse, weil wir damit unmittelbar Einblick in die mentale Welt des livländischen Raumes gewinnen, ob aus ‘kolonialer’ oder aus politischer Sicht, und konkret über die militärischen
und politischen Ereignisse informiert werden.
Michael Clanchy. Looking Back from the Invention of Printing: Mothers and the Teaching of Reading in the Middle Ages. Turnhout: Brepols, 2018, 211 pp.
Authors: Beal Jane
Published: December 2020

Michael Clanchy (Professor Emeritus of Medieval History at the Institute of Historical Research, University of London and Fellow of the British Academy), who is well-known for his seminal study From Memory to Written Record: England, 1066–1307 (1979; rev. 1993; Oxford,
rev. 2013), has produced a new book with an original introduction that brings together six of his studies, all previously published separately in edited collections between 1983 and 2011. The book concerns a significant theme: the development of literacy in later medieval England and Europe.
The chapters explore the evidence from medieval manuscripts and material culture, especially visual art, to provide support for the idea that mothers taught their children the basics of reading before taking them to school. Clanchy writes:
Martin Arnold, The Dragon: Fear and Power. London: Reaktion, 2018, 328 pp., many b/w and color ill.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2020

The figure of the dragon represents a topic of shared interest among medievalists and modern readers young and old. The dragon is simply ‘in’ and has always appealed to public culture throughout time and also across the world. Many medieval heroic poems, many modern narratives,
films, images, and other art works are deeply determined by the appearance of dragons, mostly fearsome, terrifying, alienating creatures, unless we turn to some East-Asian cultures. Dragons have been studied already for a long time, and Martin Arnold simply adds here another, well researched
monograph on this topic, which covers it very broadly, although much more could be said, of course, about individual texts or art works not dealt with here. It is not easy to come to terms with dragons because they are so ubiquitous and yet refuse easy answers. They belong to the corpus of
archetypal images, but there is no hard-core scientific evidence for their existence.
Das Lied vom Hürnen Seyfrid, hrsg. Maike Claußnitzer und Kassandra Sperl. Relectiones, 7. Stuttgart: S. Hirzel Verlag, 2019, XXXIX, 132 S.
Authors: Classen Albrecht
Published: December 2020

Auch wenn das Lied vom Hürnen Seyfrid überwiegend nur in Drucken des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts überliefert ist, lässt es sich doch ungefähr ins 13. Jahrhundert datieren (evtl. um 1250). Es ist aber auch, sehr eigentümlich, in einer livländischen
oder schwedischen Handschrift von ca. 1550 enthalten. Generell gilt, dass hier der Siegfriedstoff einen eigenen Weg eingeschlagen hat, der gerade im Spätmittelalter einen großen Erfolg genoss. In den Nibelungenlied-Handschriften m und n tauchen Hinweise auf den Hürnen
Seyfried auf, womit das interessante thematische Geflecht etwas deutlicher wird, das auch bis zu Hans Sachs hinabreicht, der 1557 eine darauf aufgebaute Tragödie verfasste. In der altnordischen Dichtung entdecken wir recht viele Parallelen, so in der Thidrekssaga, und überall
nimmt natürlich der Kampf Seyfrids gegen den Drachen eine zentrale Rolle ein.
Jan-Hendryk de Boer, Marian Füssel, Maximilian Schuh (Hg.), Universitäre Gelehrtenkultur vom 13.-16. Jahrhundert. Ein interdisziplinäres Quellen- und Methodenhandbuch. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 2018, 589 S.
Authors: Lützelschwab Ralf
Published: December 2020

Der zu besprechende Band ist Frucht eines von der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) geförderten Wissenschaftlichen Netzwerks, in dem sich Nachwuchsforscher mit ,,Institutionen, Praktiken und Positionen der Gelehrtenkultur vom 13.-16. Jahrhundert“ beschäftigten.
Das Ergebnis, so viel sei vorweggenommen, kann sich sehen lassen.
Michael Borgolte, Weltgeschichte als Stiftungsgeschichte. Von 3000 v.u.Z. bis 1500 u. Z. Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2018, 728 S.
Authors: Lundt Bea
Published: December 2020

Michael Borgolte stellt seinem monumentalen Werk eine Reihe von Zitaten voran: ,,Wenn der Mensch nach seinem Tode übrigbleibt, werden seine Taten auf einen Haufen neben ihn gelegt. Das Dortsein währt ewig!“, so steht es in den Lehren für Pharao Merikare aus dem
22./20. Jahrhundert vor unserer Zeitrechnung. Worte wie diese umreißen das Thema, das schon vor Jahrhunderten Menschen so sehr bewegte, dass sie Botschaften wie diese in Stein schlugen. Sie wollten wissen, ob und wie ihr Verhalten und Wirken auf Erden nach ihrem Tod summiert und beurteilt
wird und welche Folgen diese Einschätzungen haben werden: für das Andenken, das ihnen unter den Lebenden gewährt wird und auch für ihr eigenes nachirdisches Dasein. Um diese nachmortale Bilanzierung ihres Lebens positiv zu beeinflussen, stellten sie der Allgemeinheit für
gute Zwecke Geld und Gut zur Verfügung, d.h. sie ,,stifteten“. Stiftungen, so Borgolte, sind als ,,totales soziales Phänomen erkannt..., an denen (sic) sich das Gefüge ganzer Gesellschaften ablesen lässt“ (9). Denn die Motivationen der Stifter, die Größe,
Art und Ausgestaltung ihrer Donationen, deren Wirkungen auf Dauer usw. lassen Rückschlüsse zu über Jenseitsvorstellungen, Mentalitäten, Machtstrukturen im Wandel. Seit über 30 Jahren beschäftigt Borgolte sich mit dem Thema ,,Stiftungen“, und aus seiner Feder
sowie seiner Schule sind bereits zahlreiche Werke hervorgegangen, die jeweils thematisch, regional und chronologisch begrenzte Fragestellungen über das Stiftungswesen erforschten. Während dieses zunächst vor allem vor dem Hintergrund christlicher Spiritualität des Mittelalters
verstanden wurde, sind im Laufe der Zeit mehr und mehr ältere sowie außereuropäische Kulturen und Religionen in den Fokus einer vergleichenden Betrachtung Borgoltes getreten. Im Rahmen seines umfangreichen Projekts, das durch den Advanced Grant des ,European Research
Council’ ermöglicht wurde, arbeiteten in den letzten Jahren Spezialisten für europäische, afrikanische und asiatische Religionen zusammen über Beispiele stifterischer Aktivitäten der alten und vormodernen Kulturen auf den drei Kontinenten.
Robin Chapman Stacey, Law and the Imagination in Medieval Wales. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2018, pp. 335.
Authors: Breeze Andrew
Published: December 2020

For nearly thirty years, Professor Stacey of the University of Washington has published on early Welsh and Irish narrative. Now she sums up her work in a volume which promises exciting conclusions, juxtaposing Mabinogion texts (crown jewels of Welsh prose) with those of Welsh
law (a window on Celtic society).