bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological Characteristics of Dry Eye Disease in Asian and Asian Female Populations: A Database-Driven Descriptive Study
Authors: Zhang Han , Yang Kuiliang , Yang Wanju , Wan Shanshan , Yang Yanning , Xing Yiqiao
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of dry eye disease (DED) in Asian populations and among females.

Methods:

This study utilized the literature-derived database on DED risk factors, which includes data from 119 studies, and followed an evidence-based medicine retrieval strategy, searching globally for studies on risk factors for DED. Specifically, we focused on the Asian and Asian female populations. A descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the definitions and prevalence of DED as provided in the database.

Results:

The study included a total of 139,556 participants, of which 74,258 were females. The overall prevalence of DED in Asians was found to be 23.9%, and it was observed to increase with age. Specifically, the prevalence was 16.2% in the group aged <30 years, and it increased to 26.7% in the group aged over 70 years. Among females, the prevalence of DED was higher at 28.1% compared to males at 20.1%. Furthermore, the prevalence of DED in females also increased with age, ranging from 39.9% in the group aged <40 years to 42.2% in the group aged over 60 years. The prevalence of DED between 2016 and 2022 was 35.3%, which indicated a significant increase of 14.6% compared to the period between 2008 and 2015. Notably, there were variations in the prevalence of DED across different regions and levels of development.

Conclusions:

This study reveals a common occurrence of DED among Asians and women. The prevalence rates vary among different countries, regions, development levels, and sample sizes, and there is an observed upward trend with the increase in survey year and age.
Bladder injury during laparoscopic adhesiolysis: Ensuring surgical safety
Authors: Sharmila Vijayan , Yoga P Priyanka
Published: January 2025

Bladder injury is a well-known complication of laparoscopic surgeries, especially in procedures that involve adhesiolysis, which aims to restore normal anatomy and function. The occurrence of bladder injury during laparoscopic surgery varies between 0.02% and 8.3%, with a greater risk in cases with extensive adhesions, particularly those involving the bladder and nearby structures. Awareness of risk factors, adherence to careful surgical techniques and prompt management of injuries are essential to ensure successful outcomes and minimise patient morbidity. We present the case of a 41-year-old multiparous woman diagnosed with moderate hemoperitoneum who sustained an inadvertent bladder injury during emergency diagnostic laparoscopy which was successfully managed laparoscopically.
Surgical safety spotlight: Gossypiboma - Rare but real
Authors: Singh Shalini , Chanu Sairem Mangolnganbi , Sharmila Vijayan , Yugandhar S , Reddy Prudhvinath A
Published: January 2025

Inadvertent retention of surgical cotton gauze or cotton material in the surgical field is described as gossypiboma. It is a rare surgical event with a potential of grave complications and when encountered requires immediate surgical intervention for its removal. This report is a case of a 40-year-old female who on post-operative day 3 following a total abdominal hysterectomy done in view of abnormal uterine bleeding due to fibroid uterus developed with symptoms of small bowel obstruction. Radiographic evaluation with computed tomography revealed a spongiform mass suggestive of gossypiboma. Surgical re-exploration and removal were done following which the patient recovered well. Retention of foreign objects in the surgical field should be a ‘never occur’ event as it can have medical and legal complications. Strict compliance to the surgical safety checklist can definitely avoid such untoward events.
Clinical evaluation of Shvadamstradi Kashaya and Hajarulayahuda Bhasma in the management of Mutrashmari (urolithiasis): A single-arm, prospective, interventional study
Authors: Dhoke Sujata P. , Venkateshwarlu Bandi , Maheshwar Thugutla , Singh Renu , Gopod Savita P. , Khanduri Shruti , Tripathi Arunabh , Srikanth Narayanam
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION:

Urolithiasis is the third most prevalent disease of the urinary tract. The symptomatology of Ashmari closely aligns with the clinical presentation of urolithiasis mentioned in contemporary medical science. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the effect of Shvadamshtradi Kashaya and Hajarulayahuda Bhasma in treating urolithiasis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A total of 74 patients were enrolled who met the eligibility criteria, and 63 patients completed the trial. Diagnosis of urolithiasis was established based on the history, physical examination, laboratory, and radiological investigations. The trial drug Shvadamshtradi Kashaya was given in the dose of 50 mL in decoction form once a day before food and Hajarulayahuda Bhasma 500 mg twice a day in the capsule form along with lukewarm water after food for 84 days. The primary outcome was the radiological disappearance or reduction of calculi Size by the 84th Day.

RESULTS:

The study demonstrated a reduction in the size and number of calculi in participants with urolithiasis following 84 days of treatment, with the mean calculi size decreasing from 4.82 ± 1.53 mm to 4.24 ± 2.21 mm. A decrease in calculi number was observed in 50.9% of participants, while 25.4% showed no change, and 23.7% experienced an increase. Symptomatic improvements included reductions in colicky pain, burning micturition, turbid urination, dysuria, and nausea/vomiting. No adverse events were reported, underscoring the intervention's therapeutic potential.

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings of this study highlight the potential of Ayurvedic interventions; Shvadamstradi Kashaya and Hajarulayahuda Bhasma in the management of urolithiasis.

CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY OF INDIA:

CTRI/2017/03/008096 (dated March 15, 2017).
Efficacy of Mahatiktakam Ghrita as Avapeedak Snehapan in the management of Rakta Arsha (first-degree bleeding hemorrhoids): A study protocol for a single-arm, open-label clinical trial
Authors: Survase Megha Raosaheb , Parida Deepak Kumar
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Avapeedak Snehapan, the oral administration of medicated ghee, is used for symptomatic relief in first-degree bleeding hemorrhoids. A single-arm, open-label clinical trial was conducted to assess the safety and therapeutic potential of Mahatiktakam Ghrita for managing this condition.

OBJECTIVE:

This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of Mahatiktakam Ghrita as Avapeedaka Snehapana in managing first-degree bleeding hemorrhoids and reducing associated symptoms.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This single-arm, open-label clinical trial will enroll 61 participants, aged 30–50 years diagnosed with first-degree bleeding hemorrhoids, indicated for Snehapana therapy, as per selection criteria from the Outpatient Department of Chattrapati Shahu Maharaj Shikshan Sansthan’s Ayurved Mahavidyalaya, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Participants will undergo a preparatory phase of Deepana–Pachana using Gandharvahastadi Kashaya, administered in a dose of 15 mL mixed with 45 mL of lukewarm water, taken twice daily on an empty stomach until optimal digestive capacity (Agni Deepti) is achieved. Once attained, a trial dose of 30 mL Mahatiktakam Ghrita will be administered in the morning, allowing for assessment of the time required for complete digestion. The optimal dose (Uttama Matra) will be calculated based on this trial dose to determine the amount of ghee digestible within 24 h. Snehapana therapy with Uttama Matra will then be administered on alternate days, ranging from three to seven doses, depending on symptomatic relief. Symptoms such as anal pain, bleeding frequency, appetite, and stool consistency will be monitored. The first follow-up will be performed after the completion of oleation therapy, and a second follow-up will take place after the completion of the dietary regimen (Samsarjana Krama), lasting 12–28 days based on the number of administered doses of Sneha. Primary outcomes include changes in the level of bleeding, pain appetite, stool consistency and secondary outcomes include complete blood count, bleeding time, clotting time, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate assessed at baseline, post-snehapana, and post-Samsarjana karma.

DISCUSSION:

This research explores the effectiveness of Mahatiktakam Ghrita as an accessible Ayurvedic treatment for first-degree bleeding hemorrhoids, assessing symptom relief and safety, and its effect on bleeding, pain, and hematological parameters. Findings may support integrating Ayurvedic therapies into broader hemorrhoid management strategies.

The study is registered with the CTRI (CTRI/2023/07/054623; dated July 3, 2023).
Conservative Ayurvedic management of pediatric hematochezia (Sahaja Arsha): A case report
Authors: Kumar Mahapatra Arun , Shrikrishna Rajagopala , Dileep Aparna , Parameswaran Karthik K.
Published: January 2025

Hematochezia (bleeding per rectum) is a common symptom in children that can indicate an underlying emergency and may warrant surgical management. Ayurveda alludes to the condition, but there are no case reports to date that document its successful treatment. This case reports the conservative, standalone Ayurvedic management of vascular malformations in the anorectum and sigmoid colon in a 28-month-old child. Based on Ayurveda, this case was diagnosed as Sahaja Raktarshas (~congenital bleeding hemorrhoids), and the stage presented was associated with Bhinnavit (loose stools), Ama (indigestion), and Agnimandya (loss of appetite). The medications used were Dadimashtaka Churna, Aravindasava, Sutashekhara Rasa, Dhatryadi Lauha, and Kasisadi Taila during various stages of the treatment. Following 98 days of therapeutic intervention, a notable increase was observed in the hemoglobin level, from 7.5 to 10.2 g/dL. Moreover, daily blood loss per rectum decreased from half a cup to no bleeding, and stool consistency changed from loose to normal, progressing from type 6 to type 3 on the Bristol Stool Scale.
Management of chronic plaque psoriasis with Ayurveda therapeutic regimen: A case report
Authors: Archana Kumari , Singh Krishna Kumar
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND:

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition with significant comorbidities and a profound psychosocial impact. Modern treatments often fall short, leaving the disease underdiagnosed and undertreated.

CASE PRESENTATION:

A 65-year-old male presented with chronic plaque psoriasis, exhibiting dry erythematous plaques on the anterior shin bone and a positive Auspitz sign. Laboratory investigations revealed normal results, except for mildly elevated liver enzyme levels.

INTERVENTION:

Based on Ayurvedic principles, the treatment focused on balancing the vitiated Doshas and enhancing Agnideepana (digestive fire stimulation), Amapachana (metabolic detoxification), Pitta Shamaka (pacifying excess Pitta), Raktaprasadana (blood purification), and Vatanulomana (normalizing Vata). The intervention also included strict dietary modifications and precautions for 3 months, with dietary restrictions maintained for an additional month.

RESULTS:

The patient’s progress was measured using subjective assessments and the Simplified Psoriasis Area Severity Index (SPASI) score. The treatment resulted in significant improvement, with the patient’s SPASI score reducing from 36 to 2. No relapse was noted during the follow-up period. Liver enzyme levels returned to normal.

CONCLUSION:

This case demonstrates the successful management of plaque psoriasis through an Ayurvedic approach, emphasizing the importance of customized therapeutic interventions. The significant improvement without recurrence in this case highlights the potential of Ayurveda in treating chronic conditions such as psoriasis.
Clinico-hematological and Cytogenetic Study of Myeloid Neoplasms: A cross-sectional Study from South India
Authors: Nair Nidhi , Chikkannaiah Panduranga , Venkataramanappa Srinivasamurthy
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Myeloid neoplasms are clonal diseases arising in hematopoietic stem or progenitor cells consisting of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

Aim:

To re-classify the myeloid neoplasm as per the World Health Organization (WHO)-5 classification and to study the frequency of occurrence and clinical, hematological, and cytogenetic profile of myeloid neoplasms.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 1 and a 1/2 years from January 2019 to June 2020.

Materials and Methods:

All the cases newly diagnosed as myeloid neoplasms during this period were included in the study. Clinical features, and hematological and cytogenetic findings were compiled.

Statistical Analysis:

For categorical data, the number and percentage were used. The Chi-square (χ2) test was used for association between two categorical variables. If the P value was < 0.05, then the results were considered to be statistically significant. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software v. 23 (IBM Statistics, Chicago, USA) and Microsoft Office 2007.

Results and Conclusion:

A total of 51 cases were observed during the study period. The cases ranged from 14 to 74 years with maximum cases occurring between 51 and 60 years with a male-to-female (M: F) ratio of 1:1.25. Among the 51 cases of myeloid neoplasms, 28 (55%) cases of MPN, 14 (27%) cases of AML, five (10%) cases of MDS, and four (8%) cases of MPN/MDS were observed in their decreasing frequency. The most common symptoms were constitutional symptoms, such as generalized weakness, easy fatigability, and fever. Bone marrow study played a major role in diagnosis. The cytogenetic study complemented the diagnosis. A high clinical suspicion along with a good morphological diagnosis using peripheral smear, bone marrow aspiration, and biopsy supplemented by special stains and molecular studies will enable early and efficient diagnosis of myeloid neoplasms.
Macroscopic T Wave Alternans in a Patient with Rheumatic Heart Disease
Authors: Kaur Navjyot , Arora Rahil , Chauhan Rajeev , Swamy Ajay
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

A middle-aged lady in her late forties and a known case of rheumatic heart disease presented with acute decompensated heart failure. On admission, she was found to have atrial fibrillation with fast ventricular rate. She was initially managed with mechanical ventilation, diuretics, and parenteral amiodarone. During admission, she had two episodes of ventricular tachycardia at 12 h interval for which she was electro-cardioverted. Post-cardioversion, she developed giant and deep T waves with macroscopic T wave alternans which is a harbinger of further malignant arrhythmias. She was managed conservatively, and she responded well to the treatment. We intend to present this rare electrocardiographic repolarization abnormality and its reversal to normal T waves and QT interval as the patient improved.
Correlation of Immunohistochemical Expression of Alpha-Methyl Acyl-Coenzyme A Racemase/p504s with Gleason Grade and Serum PSA Level in Prostate Carcinoma
Authors: Gami Hina J. , Patil Vijayalaxmi S. , Patil Santosh R. , Jawalkar Sneha A. , Barate Shraddha S.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Context:

Carcinoma of the prostate is the second most common cause of cancer in males. Alpha-methyl-acyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) is a diagnostic marker for prostatic carcinoma. There is a significant lack of studies relating to the immunohistochemical expression of AMACR in prostatic cancer tissue and its prognosis.

Aim:

To study the pattern of expression of AMACR in prostatic carcinoma on immunohistochemistry and its correlation with Gleason grade and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level of patients.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective study of 45 cases of histopathologically diagnosed primary adenocarcinoma of prostate. Immunohistochemistry for AMACR was performed on tissue core biopsies, transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) chips, and its expression was evaluated in relation to Gleason grade and PSA level. The data were statistically analyzed using the Chisquare test and unpaired t-test.

Results:

AMACR expression was noted in 42 (93.33%) cases of malignant lesions of the prostate. Statistically significant relation was obtained between high AMACR expression and high Gleason grade. No significance was noted between AMACR expression and serum PSA level.

Conclusion:

This study adds to an understanding of efficacy of immunoexpression of AMACR in prostate carcinoma. Strong AMACR expression is a poor prognostic indicator as it is associated with high Gleason grade in prostatic carcinomas.
Perioperative Challenges in a Multi Anomalous Child with Corrected Congenital Cyanotic Heart Disease Posted for Noncardiac Surgery – What We Need to Know?
Authors: Choudhary Ripon , Sharma Ridhima , Kewlani Anu , Kutum Chayanika
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Conduction abnormality, including heart block, are substantial sequelae following surgical repair of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). It has been associated with increased mortality and morbidity during the early and late postoperative periods. Right bundle branch block (RBBB) after transatrial repair is reported in 60% to nearly 100% of cases and is almost inevitable. Understanding the risk associated with post-TOF surgical sequelae is important. However, there exists a dearth of case reports on post-cardiac surgery conduction abnormalities and residual structural abnormalities in the pediatric subset undergoing noncardiac surgery. Children with structural cardiac abnormalities face increased risk and special concerns during anesthesia. We report a case of a child with multiple anomalies, post-TOF surgical sequelae, including the Wenckebach phenomenon and RBBB, undergoing non-cardiac surgery. This case discusses perioperative anesthetic concerns in a multi-anomalous child with corrected congenital cyanotic heart surgery presenting with post-TOF sequelae, including RBBB, and Wenckebach’s phenomenon, pulmonary regurgitation, and right ventricular (RV) outflow tract obstruction. Additionally, the author discusses special considerations such as the management of arrhythmias, hemodynamic monitoring, and post-operative pain management.
A Rare Case of Multiple Cavernous Hemangiomas
Authors: Radhakrishnan O.K. , Goyal Khushboo , Manade Varsha , Gandhi Shreya
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

A 44-year-old gentleman came to the ophthalmology outpatient department with the chief complaint of protrusion of the left eyeball since 2 years associated with a progressive decrease in visual acuity and restriction of extraocular movements in the lateral gaze of the left eye. On examination, axial proptosis was noted in the left eye (LE) which was measured using Hertel’s exophthalmometer. The anterior segment examination and fundus examination showed no significant changes. A computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed for the patient which revealed multiple lesions in the intraconal compartment. The patient underwent anterior orbitotomy through an inferior transconjunctival approach with lateral canthotomy and lateral cantholysis and the mass excised was sent for histopathological examination on which features were suggestive of cavernous hemangioma. Such a case of multiple cavernous hemangiomas is rarely seen.
A Case of Lung Cancer with Venous Thromboembolism with Pre-Extensively Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Rare Triad
Authors: Desai Unnati , Utpat Ketaki , Agarwal Kriti , Samuel Magizh
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

This case study describes the case of a patient with lung cancer who developed pre-extensively drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and venous thromboembolism. We discuss how lung cancer can predispose an individual to pulmonary tuberculosis and venous thromboembolism.
Epithelioid Osteoblastoma of Scaphoid Bone-A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Ladkat Pradnya K. , Ladkat Kiran M. , Khatib Yasmeen , Nag Ramvilas
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Osteoblastoma of the scaphoid is a rare cause of wrist pain and swelling with about 10 cases reported in English literature. We present a case of epithelioid variant of this tumor in this unusual location which has not yet been reported. A 22-year-old male presented with complaints of pain and swelling of the right wrist which was initially treated as an infection with no relief. Finally, curettage was performed and a diagnosis of osteoblastoma was made on histopathology. We present this case for its rarity, and diagnostic difficulty and to highlight the need of histopathology for its diagnosis and treatment.
Sources of Information on and Perceptions Related to Infant and Young Child Feeding among Fathers: A Cross-Sectional Study from Southern India
Authors: Mithra Prasanna , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Rekha T , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

The infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices determine the well-being of the child. Reliable and updated information is essential to have adequate feeding practices for young children. This also applies to the fathers of children. The sources of information and related factors are crucial in improving paternal IYCF practices.

Methodology:

This study assessed the perceptions, preferred sources of information of the fathers regarding IYCF, and associated factors. This paper includes a part of the community-based cross-sectional phase from a larger multiphase study carried out among 450 fathers of young children (aged <2 years) in a rapidly developing coastal district of the South Indian State of Karnataka. Data were analyzed using Jamovi software version 2.3.26.

Results:

The age of the participants ranged from 23 to 56 (mean: 34.6 years +/- 5.4); 46.7% of participants preferred relatives and friends, and 38.9% preferred healthcare providers as sources of information on IYCF. Those residing in predominantly rural areas were more likely to consult health care providers for information on IYCF (OR 3.50 (95% CI 1.98–6.53; P < 0.001)). Also, 77.3% of participants felt weaning must be started after 6 months of age. Nearly half of the participants were aware of the exact nature of food items to be introduced during weaning of their child.

Conclusions:

A high proportion of the participants felt the need to update their knowledge of IYCF. Nearly one-third of them preferred healthcare providers as a source of information. Participants from predominantly rural areas preferred healthcare providers as compared to those from urban areas.
Comparison of Chromosomal Damage caused by Conventional and Digital Mammography in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes
Authors: Nourin S , Tamizh Selvan G , Vishakh R , Nalilu Suchetha K. , Shetty Shashi K.
Published: January 2025

ABSTRACT

Background:

Mammography is a widely used technology preferred by doctors for the early detection of breast cancer. Underlying problems are identified in about three years and are considered the most efficient method. Full-field digital mammography uses less radiation, and the images are stored in a system where they can be reviewed and adjusted according to the user’s requirements. Conventional mammography has a higher radiation dose, and film storage is required. Ionizing radiation causes several biological effects, including chromosomal aberration, disorder, anomaly, mutation, etc. This led us to investigate the effectiveness of digital mammography over the conventional mammography instrument.

Materials and Methods:

Blood samples were obtained from 13 healthy donors, aliquot into three different vials. Each donor’s blood was separated into control, conventional, and digital groups, and the conventional and digital vials were exposed to soft radiation. After exposure, the aliquot samples were acclimatized to a normal physiological condition, and a CBMN assay was performed. A minimum of 2000 cells were scored from every sample group. The MN frequency in each group was estimated to assess DNA damage.

Result:

A significant increase in micronucleus formation was observed in cells irradiated with conventional mammography compared to digital mammography and the non-irradiated control group.

Conclusion:

The study concludes that conventional mammography had significantly higher DNA damage when compared to digital. The study favors digital mammography and its response to producing fewer DNA damages.
Small Mahler measures with bounds on the house and shortness
Authors: El-Serafy Salma , McKee James
Published: January 2025

We show that for any

$\varepsilon>0$

, the number of monic, reciprocal, length-

$5$

integer polynomials that have house at least

$1+\varepsilon $

is finite. The proof is algorithmic, and we are consequently able to compute a complete list (not imposing any bound on the degree) of small Mahler measures of length-

$5$

polynomials that have house at least

$1.01$

.

For larger lengths, the analogous finiteness statement is false, as we show by examples. For length

$6$

we show that if one also imposes an upper bound for the Mahler measure that is strictly below the smallest Pisot number

$\theta = 1.32471\cdots $

, and if the length

$6$

polynomial is a cyclotomic multiple of an irreducible polynomial, then the number of polynomials with house at least

$1+\varepsilon $

is finite.

We pursue these ideas to search opportunistically for small Mahler measures represented by longer polynomials. We find one new small measure.

We give an algorithm that finds all Salem numbers in an interval

$[a,b]$

that are the Mahler measure of an integer polynomial of length at most

$6$

, provided

$1<a \le b < \theta $

.
Derived categories of Grassmannians: a survey
Authors: Fonarev Anton Vyacheslavovich
Published: January 2025

We discuss what is known about the structure of the bounded derived categories of coherent sheaves on the Grassmannians of simple algebraic groups.
Bibliography: 39 titles.
The Diatom Flora of Hall’s Cave, Kerr County, Texas
Authors: Winsborough Barbara , Winsborough Philip , Sudbury Byron
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the results of a study to identify the species and distribution of diatoms growing in various habitats and on different substrates in Hall’s Cave, a limestone cave located on the Edward’s Plateau in western Kerr County, central Texas, USA. A diverse diatom assemblage that includes at least seventeen taxa was found growing in low to very low light conditions in different parts of the cave interior and on the walls of the cave entrance. Many other species were found in low numbers and may have been transported into the cave. One diatom species, Nitzschia palmida Carter is dominant in many samples, and overall, is the most abundant diatom observed in this investigation. This is the f irst published occurrence of N. palmida in the Western Hemisphere. These diatoms, all found typically in wet or damp settings, have adapted to growing in the cave environment. Nine species were common in only one sample, a scraping of wet guano-rich sediment on the floor at the back of the cave. These diatoms either survived passage through the digestive system of bats or were transported to the back of the cave by other means. The abundance and diversity of diatoms in Hall’s Cave suggests that diatoms may have been living in the cave for as long as there has been adequate moisture, nutrients and light, making them potential proxies for paleoenvironmental studies.
On Approximability of Steiner Tree in $\ell_p$-metrics
Authors: Fleischmann Henry , Gavva Surya Teja , S Karthik C.
Published: January 2025

In the Continuous Steiner Tree problem (CST), we are given as input a set of points (called terminals) in a metric space and ask for the minimum-cost tree connecting them. Additional points (called Steiner points) from the metric space can be introduced as nodes in the solution. In the Discrete Steiner Tree problem (DST), we are given in addition to the terminals, a set of facilities, and any solution tree connecting the terminals can only contain the Steiner points from this set of facilities. Trevisan [SICOMP'00] showed that CST and DST are APX-hard when the input lies in the $\ell_1$-metric (and Hamming metric). Chleb\'ik and Chleb\'ikov\'a [TCS'08] showed that DST is NP-hard to approximate to factor of $96/95\approx 1.01$ in the graph metric (and consequently $\ell_\infty$-metric). Prior to this work, it was unclear if CST and DST are APX-hard in essentially every other popular metric. In this work, we prove that DST is APX-hard in every $\ell_p$-metric. We also prove that CST is APX-hard in the $\ell_{\infty}$-metric. Finally, we relate CST and DST, showing a general reduction from CST to DST in $\ell_p$-metrics.

Comment: Abstract shortened. Journal version for TheoretiCS
El derecho agrario en Cuba desde una perspectiva sociocultural, las leyes de la Reforma Agraria de 1959 y 1963
Authors: De la Torre González Lianna Milagros , García González Betsy
Published: January 2025

El derecho agrario en Cuba está referido al conjunto de normas y regulaciones jurídicas en el ámbito agrícola, considerando aspectos legales, culturales, sociales y económicos que impactan en la vida de las comunidades rurales. La Reforma Agraria en Cuba, firmada en 1959 y 1963, tuvo como objetivo favorecer a los campesinos más pobres del país. Esta reforma buscaba proteger los derechos de los agricultores, campesinos y comunidades rurales, garantizando su acceso a la tierra, promoviendo la equidad en lasrelaciones laborales agrícolas, y regulando la tenencia de la tierra y los recursos naturales. Además, se buscaba promover el desarrollo sostenible de las zonas rurales, protegiendo el medio ambiente y fomentando prácticas agrícolas responsables. La reforma también consideró aspectos socioculturales como las tradiciones y costumbres de las comunidades rurales, reconociendo su importancia en la gestión de la tierra y los recursos naturales. Se limitó el tamaño de las propiedades y se nacionalizaron las propiedades de más de 420 hectáreas, eliminando el latifundio. La segunda Ley de Reforma Agraria de 1963 propuso la nacionalización y adjudicación al Estado de todas las fincas rústicas con una extensión superior a sesenta y siete hectáreas. Sin embargo, esta ley fue derogada e inaplicable en su totalidad por el Consejo de Ministros.
Investing in rural development
Authors: Belgibayev А. , Yepanchintseva S. E. , Medeni Тunc
Published: January 2025

Aim - development of proposals for the development of rural areas on the basis of priority investment.

Methods - analysis and synthesis to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the volume of financial investments in the agro-industrial complex and the implementation of a comprehensive policy of modernization of the Kazakhstani village; economic and statistical - in the processing of statistical data characterizing the dynamics of investment in fixed capital and gross output of agriculture, comparing the results for 2012-2022, identifying their trends and patterns; correlation approach - to determine a direct linear relationship between the size of investment funds and the possibility of the development of rural areas.

Results - a strong correlation between capitalization in the agricultural sector and gross domestic product is indicated. On the basis of increasing investment activity the directions of overcoming territorial inequality, smoothing the differences in the living standards of urban and rural population are substantiated.

Conclusions - the authors have argued the need to intensify investment activity in the agro-industrial complex of the national economy to transform the image of rural areas, to solve the problems of building the capacity of rural areas and agribusiness, to improve the investment strategy through economic, legal and administrative levers, to counter spontaneous migration from rural settlements, to reduce the number of rural residents. Unresolved problems are pointed out: unstable dynamics of increasing investment volumes, their low innovative orientation, rising prices for agricultural machinery and other machinery and equipment for investment purposes. The necessity of strengthening the state investment support of innovations is shown. The results of scientific research can be used in the development of investment concept and comprehensive program of rural development in Kazakhstan.
Correspondence between breathing rate at normal and likeness of playing football
Authors: Imran Qadir Muhammad , Aslam Maheen
Published: January 2025

Objective of the present study was to correlate the breathing with fondness of playing football. Breathing is the mechanism through which human beings and many other organisms exchange gases between body and environment. There are two types of respiration in man, external respiration and cellular respiration. External respiration is also called breathing. During breathing air is inhaled inside the body and then exhaled outside the body. Air contains many gases. The proportion of gases in air is different during inhalation and exhalation. Football is a game being played all over the world. It helps to maintain the respiration. It was concluded that from the present study that respiration rate was low for those who like football.
The Declining Status of Glossonema variens: Exploring the Ecological, Medicinal, and Nutritional Importance of a Threatened Plant Species
Authors: Bohra N.K. , Katariya Ajay Kumar , Sirvi Mahima , Yadav Apurva
Published: January 2025

Arid zone is known to have saved useful plants which were used not only for food but also have medicinal values. Glossonema variens a perennial herb known as khiroli in western Rajasthan. It is known to gummer with gibberellins and other treatment but rate of germination is low i.e. 12.5%. However with higher concentration germination can be 100 percent in 3 days. It is an important food with nutraceutical properties. Beside this it is grazing food for cattle. Plant of medical importance as its fruit juice is used in treated painful muscle, cough etc. Due to invasive animals and human activity plant is in danger and there is a need to conserve and propagate it.
РАЗМЕРНАЯ И ВЕСОВАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА КРАБА
RHITHROPANOPEUS HARRISII (GOULD, 1841)
(BRACHYURA: PANOPEIDAE) ИЗ ТАМАНСКОГО ЗАЛИВА
АЗОВСКОГО МОРЯ В 2011 Г.
Authors: Ovcharuk S. , Sudnik S. A.
Published: January 2025

Получены результаты анализа размеров (длины и ширины карапакса) и массы тела
224 особей краба Rhithropanopeus harrisii из Таманского залива Азовского моря, собранных
в июле 2011 г. Размеры карапакса составили 6,2–15,1 мм (длина) и 7,7–26,3 мм (ширина).
Самцы достигали более крупных обоих размеров (в 1,3 и 1,7 раза) и массы тела (в 2,8 раза).
Средние размеры самцов превышали таковые у самок в 1,3 раза, а средняя масса – в 2,7 раза.
Полученные данные свидетельствует о наличии у вида полового диморфизма. Для вида залива впервые оценена размерно-весовая зависимость. У особей обоих полов весовой рост
особей несколько опережал линейный; масса тела у самцов увеличивалась с большей скоростью, чем у самок.
РАЗРАБОТКА ЧЕЛОВЕКО-МАШИННОГО ИНТЕРФЕЙСА
ДЛЯ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВОДОПРОВОДНОЙ
НАСОСНОЙ СТАНЦИЕЙ
Authors: Rozdestvenskiy M.P. , Pogoretsky T.I. , Onuchin A.L. , Dolgii N.A.
Published: January 2025

В данной статье разработан проект бюджетной SCADA системы управления водопроводной насосной станцией (ВНС) с использованием веб-страницы. Управление насосом ВНС
на уровне пользователя реализовано с применением программы на языке JavaScript, на
уровне сервера – при помощи скриптов BASH. Подобран состав элементов принципиальной
электрической схемы экспериментальной установки системы управления ВНС. Предложен
вариант использования асинхронной модели взаимодействия сервера с частотным преобразователем для управления насосом.
НЕКОТОРЫЕ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ
МЯСОПЕРЕРАБАТЫВАЮЩЕГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ
Authors: Tseshkovskiy V. M. , Aldushina Yu. K.
Published: January 2025

В настоящей статье было рассмотрено воздействие хозяйственной деятельности мясоперерабатывающего производства на компоненты окружающей среды. Был охарактеризован технологический процесс при изготовлении продукции на предприятии. Выявлены основные источники, оказывающие негативное воздействие на компоненты окружающей среды. Были даны рекомендации по снижению оказываемого предприятием негативного воздействия на окружающую среду.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПОРТИРОВАНИЯ ПРОГРАММНОГО ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ
АВТОМОЕК САМООБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ НА ПРОГРАММНОАППАРАТНУЮ ПЛАТФОРМУ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЕЙ ОВЕН И ARTERY
Authors: Cherba A.A. , Budchenko N.S. , Dolgii N.A.
Published: January 2025

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности портирования программного обеспечения для системы управления автомойки самообслуживания с устройств немецкого и американского производства – контроллера Siemens и микропроцессора Atmel – на доступные в
Российской Федерации контроллер ОВЕН российского производства и плату обработки информации и индикации на основе микропроцессора китайского производства Artery LQFP64.
Разработанный программный код для системы автоматизации автомойки самообслуживания
является универсальным для портирования на аналогичные системы.
ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ СУЩЕСТВОВАНИЯ ТЕНЕВОГО СЕКТОРА
В ЭКОНОМИКЕ РОССИИ
Authors: Melnik A. T. , Vlasenko R. D.
Published: January 2025

В статье рассматриваются различные теоретические подходы к определению понятия
«теневая экономика», сформулированы основные принципы исследования данной проблемы,
приводятся примеры классификации видов теневой экономики, перечислены общие причины
ее существования в различных странах, указаны условия развития этого сектора в экономике
России, названы положительные и отрицательные последствия существования теневого сектора в национальной экономике. На основе данных Росстата были проведены расчеты потерь
ВВП, бюджетной системы и социальных фондов в РФ за период с 2017 по 2021 г. в результате наличия в структуре российской экономики теневого сектора.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ НЕЙРОННЫХ СЕТЕЙ ДЛЯ АВТОМАТИЗАЦИИ
ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ВОЗРАСТА РЫБЫ ПО СТРУКТУРЕ ОТОЛИТОВ
Authors: Kozlov Y. V. , Litvishchenko D. M. , Burbach A. S. , Sharkov A. A.
Published: January 2025

В данной статье рассматривается применение нейронных сетей для автоматизации
процесса определения возраста рыбы на основе структуры отолитов. Традиционные методы
анализа отолитов требуют значительных временных и трудозатрат со стороны специалистов.
Предлагаемый подход использует современные технологии обработки изображений и
машинного обучения для разработки программного обеспечения, способного точно и
оперативно определять возраст рыбы. Статья акцентирует внимание на практической
значимости автоматизации данного процесса для устойчивого управления рыбными
ресурсами и проведения экологических исследований, поскольку отолитометрия является
одним из наиболее популярных методов оценки возрастной структуры рыбных популяций. В
заключении обсуждаются перспективы дальнейшего развития исследуемой темы, включая
возможность расширения функционала для определения других характеристик рыб и
проведения ретроспективных расчетов роста на основании радиуса отолитов и длины рыбы.
В качестве тестового объекта применялись отолиты корюшки европейской (Osmerus
eperlanus eperlanus L). Материалом для работы послужили отолиты, собранные в период
научно-исследовательских работ сотрудниками и студентами кафедры водных биоресурсов и
аквакультуры КГТУ.
ФОРМИРОВАНИЕ МОТИВАЦИОННО-ВОЛЕВОГО КОМПОНЕНТА
СУВЕРЕННОСТИ ЛИЧНОСТИ СТУДЕНТА ТЕХНИЧЕСКОГО ВУЗА
Authors: Shilova A. A. , Bugakova N. Y.
Published: January 2025

Мотивационно-волевой компонент является важным для развития активности, ответственности, индивидуальности студента технического вуза, то есть его суверенизации. Проведенные исследования показывают важность суверенности личности для ее самоопределения в профессиональной деятельности. Авторами разработана анкета и проведен опрос по
методикам С. К. Нартовой-Бочавер и диагностики уровня социальной фрустрированности,
который выявил выраженный мотивационно-волевой компонент суверенизации личности у
студентов 2-х и 3-х курсов. Полученные данные позволяют сделать вывод о необходимости
разработки программы развития суверенизации личности в ходе обучения студентов в вузе.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ БИОЛОГИИ АНТАРКТИЧЕСКОГО КРИЛЯ
(EUPHAUSIA SUPERBA) (DANA, 1850) (EUPHAUSIACEA:
EUPHAUSIIDAE) ИЗ ПРОЛИВА БРАНСФИЛД В 2020 Г.
Authors: Kolesnikova А. D. , Sudnik S. A.
Published: January 2025

В ходе исследования с помощью комплексной методики лабораторного анализа биологии антарктического криля (Euphausia superba, 495 особей) – массового промыслового вида Южного океана, собранного в январе 2020 г. в проливе Брансфилд, оценены половой состав, размерная структура, масса тела особей, впервые описана размерно-весовая зависимость для вида данного района, приведена детальная характеристика репродуктивного состояния самцов и самок. Длина тела особей составила 13–49 мм при длине карапакса 3–
19 мм. Масса тела криля – 0,02–1,2 г. Весовой рост особей опережал линейный. Среди самок
и самцов преобладали некрупные особи (длина тела до 38 мм) с неразвитыми и слаборазвитыми гонадами и вторичными половыми придатками; у самцов с размерами около 45 мм половые признаки были практически развиты, самки с размерами около 41 мм были в начале
созревания. Процессы развития совокупительных органов и гонад у самцов происходили одновременно, у самок копуляторный орган начал развиваться раньше, чем яичники. В пробах
доминировали линяющие ювенилы, гонады линяющих самцов и самок были не развиты; созревающие самцы и самки были в межлиночном состоянии.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ВОЗОБНОВЛЯЕМОЙ
ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ И ПРИЧИНЫ ЕЁ ПРИОРИТЕТНОСТИ
Authors: Zemlyakov A. M.
Published: January 2025

Приведены актуальные данные и перспективы дальнейшего развития различных отраслей возобновляемой энергетики. Описаны преимущества, обуславливающие приоритетности
возобновляемой энергетики. Исследование посвящено разным сегментам возобновляемой
энергетики, инвестициям и проектам в этой отрасли, осуществляемым различными государствами. В заключении дан вывод, соответствующий поставленным целям, в котором резюмируется необходимость перехода к возобновляемым источникам энергии
ОСОБЕННОСТИ СТРОЕНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ФОТОЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ ДАТЧИКОВ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В МАШИНОСТРОЕНИИОСОБЕННОСТИ СТРОЕНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ФОТОЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ ДАТЧИКОВ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В МАШИНОСТРОЕНИИОСОБЕННОСТИ СТРОЕНИЯ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ФОТОЧУВСТВИТЕЛЬНЫХ ДАТЧИКОВ И ИХ ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ В МАШИНОСТРОЕНИИ
Authors: Reutov K. O. , IANIUK IU. V.
Published: January 2025

В статье описываются технологии изготовления современных чувствительных элементов (сенсоров) для изготовления фоточувствительных датчиков. Такие датчики широко используются в различных отраслях промышленности, в том числе машиностроении, для решения целого спектра задач: сортировки, идентификации объектов, пуска и останова оборудования и многих других. Приведённое в статье исследование может помочь в выборе датчика,
изготовленного по определённой технологии для решения конкретной производственной задачи
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНОСТИ СУПЕРЭВМ
НА ОСНОВЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ ДВУХПОТОКОВОЙ
НЕУСТОЙЧИВОСТИ ФИЗИКИ ПЛАЗМЫ
Authors: Smirnov A. V. , Shikota I. A. , Shterzer V. D. , Snytnikov A. V.
Published: January 2025

На данный момент существует множество методов тестирования СуперЭВМ, однако
абсолютное большинство измеряют только пиковую производительность на основе модифицированного метода решения системы линейных уравнений [1], не учитывая влияние системы
ввода-вывода на производительность. Целью нашей работы является доказательство эффективности применения методов вычислительной физики для оценки производительности СуперЭВМ при помощи создания метода тестирования на основе моделирования двухпотоковой
неустойчивости физики плазмы
ВЛИЯНИЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ МУЗЫКИ НА ОБЩЕСТВО
Authors: Yakunin D. A. , Romanovskaya O. G.
Published: January 2025

В статье анализируется роль современной музыки в процессе формирования культуры
социума. Исследуются её основные жанры и степень их популярности в молодежной среде в наше
время. Делается вывод о том, что современная музыка отражает социальную реальность и, в свою
очередь, оказывает влияние на общество, являясь одной из составляющих его культуры
Implementasi program takhassus tahfidz Al-Quran di pondok pesantren Nurul Islam Pungging Mojokerto
Authors: Nafiah Maftukatun , Zaini Abdullah
Published: January 2025

In the modern era, Qur'anic character among individuals, particularly teenagers, is gradually fading due to the influence of free association. This study aims to describe the teaching methods and the supporting and inhibiting factors of the Takhassus Tahfidz Al-Qur'an Program at Pondok Pesantren Nurul Islam Mojokerto. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach with a field research method. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and interviews, and analyzed using an interactive model, including data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that the Takhassus Tahfidz Al-Qur'an Program at this pesantren uses the ziyadah and tasmi’ methods. The supporting factors include (1) the consistency of both teachers and students, and (2) full support from the formal educational institution within the pesantren. The inhibiting factors are (1) students’ lack of awareness about the importance of their chosen program, (2) students' inability to manage their time effectively, and (3) insufficient rest, leading to drowsiness.
Rekonstruksi konsep dasar ilmu pendidikan Islam dalam Al-Quran di tengah dekadensi moral pada era society 5.0
Authors: Arjuna Arjuna , Kurahman Opik Taupik , Rusmana Dadan , Maulana Hadi
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the reconstruction of the basic concept of Islamic education in the Qur'an in addressing moral decadence in the era of Society 5.0. Using a qualitative approach, this article draws on various references, including books and articles, as supporting data (library research). The data analysis technique employed is content analysis. In the current era, Islamic education must implement the fundamental concepts outlined in the Qur'an to equip students with a solid foundation to face the challenges of Society 5.0. The findings reveal that the reconstruction of the basic concept of Islamic education in the Qur'an for the Society 5.0 era includes: first, addressing moral decadence in the modern context; second, integrating Islamic values in digital education; third, contextual character education; fourth, problem-based learning; fifth, strengthening social and emotional skills; and sixth, collaboration between technology and spiritual values. With a strong foundation in faith and morals, students will be better equipped to maintain their integrity in a changing world. Education should go beyond measuring student abilities and focus on guiding them to act according to Islamic values and ethics as outlined in the Qur'an.
Implementasi asesmen autentik untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran pendidikan agama Islam
Authors: Safuroh Safuroh , Nugraha Enung , Wasehudin Wasehudin , Supardi Supardi , Hilmiyati Fitri
Published: January 2025

The implementation of assessment in learning is often suboptimal, particularly in addressing the affective, cognitive, and psychomotor domains comprehensively. Teachers tend to overlook the affective and psychomotor domains, resulting in students demonstrating low competencies in these areas. This study aims to analyze the implementation of authentic assessment to improve student learning outcomes at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Al-Khairiyah Badamusalam. The method employed was Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a descriptive qualitative approach. Data was collected through observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The findings reveal that the planning of authentic assessment achieved a score of 81.2%, the implementation of authentic assessment scored 84.4%, and the student questionnaire results from grade IX indicated a score of 80.2%, all classified as good. Student learning outcomes improved from an average score of 78.4 in cycle I to 85.3 in cycle II, with an increase of 6.9 points. This demonstrates the effectiveness of authentic assessment in enhancing learning outcomes from a moderate to a good category.