bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of sensory stimuli in delivering memorable dining experiences
Authors: Kim Jong-Hyeong , Kim Seongseop (Sam) , Wang Lin
Published: December 2024

Purpose

In the context of increasing concerns about health, nutraceutical restaurants that provide health benefits have emerged in the marketplace. However, customer experiences at these restaurants are poorly understood. This study focused on sensory experiences and examined the underlying mechanism by which they contribute to memorable dining experiences. Grounded in cognitive appraisal theory, this study developed a memorable dining experience model that links sensory stimuli, meaningfulness, novelty, emotions, and behavioral intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 880 Chinese customers who dined at traditional Chinese medicine restaurants and were analyzed via partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results revealed that sensory stimuli contributed to memorable dining experiences through meaningfulness, novelty, and emotions. Furthermore, memorable dining experiences increased behavioral intentions to spread positive word-of-mouth and revisit intentions. Additionally, customers’ gender moderated the effects of sensory stimuli on meaningfulness and novelty.

Practical implications

The findings of this study can be used to identify important sensory stimuli and their roles in delivering memorable dining experiences in traditional Chinese medicine restaurants. Therefore, this study’s findings contribute to an improved understanding of how to efficiently manage sensory stimuli to stimulate memorable experiences for restaurant patrons.

Originality/value

This study tests the influence of sensory stimuli on the memorable dining experiences of customers in China.
Community acceptance of wind energy projects development in Viet Nam from the perspective of behavioral reasoning theory
Authors: Nguyen Dat Minh , Duong Trung Kien , Dinh Van Chau , Nguyen Thi Le
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to present the factors affecting and comparing the difference in community acceptance between groups of survey from the perspective of behavioral reasoning theory (BRT).

Design/methodology/approach

This study presents a quantitative method through conducting survey of 152 local residents from three provinces of Viet Nam.

Findings

This study examines the new approach of “reason for” and “reason against” community acceptance within the context of wind energy development in Viet Nam. This study also suggests that “reason for” have a positive impact on the local community; however, issues like noise and shadow cast by turbine blades are significant challenges that contribute to the “reason against” acceptance. This study’s findings provide evidence of the importance of location and socio – economic impacts in influencing community acceptance and can give some feedback for local policymakers in Viet Nam’s energy sector as they implement wind projects in potential areas.

Originality/value

To the best of the author's knowledge, this study is the first empirical study conducted across three Vietnamese provinces on community acceptance of onshore wind energy. The integration of literature on socio-acceptance with BRT in energy research contributes valuable insights to the fields of energy behavior and energy policy research.
Synergizing ergonomic principles with lean philosophy model towards productivity improvement in the shoes manufacturing industry
Authors: Wodajeneh Shemelis Nesibu , Azene Daniel Kitaw , Sileyew Kassu Jilcha
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study aims to address the gap in integrating ergonomic principles with lean principles in the shoe product manufacturing process. The objective is to develop a customized model that effectively combines and synergizes ergonomics and lean principles.

Design/methodology/approach

Primary data was collected through on-site observations, interviews and assessment of whole-body discomfort to evaluate the implementation of lean and ergonomic principles in each section of the shoe production process. The collected data were analysed using descriptive statistical tools, content analysis and software such as Microsoft Excel.

Findings

The findings of the study indicate that the case company’s underperformance, achieving only 26.96% of its designed capacity and 50.19% of its planned capacity, is primarily attributed to the poor integration of ergonomic principles with the lean philosophy model. The high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in the shoe production process significantly contributes to a loss of productivity due to increased absenteeism. The factory experiences a labour absenteeism rate of 5.59%, resulting in overtime and additional costs. To address these issues, the study proposes the adoption of 8S principles and an ergo-lean production system model. This model, conceptualized as a building construction structure, effectively eliminates waste in the shoe production process.

Practical implications

The study’s findings will greatly enhance productivity in the shoe manufacturing sector by establishing a work environment that prioritizes employee needs and well-being. This will have significant practical implications for improving overall productivity in the industry.

Originality/value

This study stands out as it investigates the proactive integration of ergonomics and lean principles in the shoe manufacturing industry, an area that has not been previously explored. By bridging the gap between these two principles, the research contributes to the existing knowledge base.
Effect of Preimplantation Genetic Testing for Aneuploidy on Live Birth Rate in Young Women With Recurrent Implantation Failure: A Secondary Analysis of a Multicentre Randomised Trial
Authors: Guan Hengyu , He Yaqiong , Lu Yao , Huang Jiaan , Wang Yuan , Zhu Qinling , Qi Jia , Lin Wen , Lindheim Steven R. , Wei Zhe , Ding Ying , Sun Yun
Published: December 2024

Objective

To investigate the benefit of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT‐A) in recurrent implantation failure (RIF).

Design

Secondary analysis of a multicentre, randomised, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial.

Setting

Eight academic fertility centres in China, 2018–2020.

Population

Overall, 485 infertile women aged < 38 years were evaluated. They had a history of two or more unsuccessful embryo transfer cycles with at least three good‐quality embryos that had been transferred cumulatively and underwent a single blastocyst transfer with or without PGT‐A. Those with thin endometrium or recurrent pregnancy loss were excluded.

Methods

Patients were categorised into PGT‐A and non‐PGT‐A groups. All pregnancies were followed to delivery. Pregnancy and neonatal outcomes were obtained from obstetric and neonatal medical records. Propensity score matching (PSM) and multivariate logistic regression models were applied to adjust for potential confounding factors.

Main Outcome Measures

LBR per embryo transfer.

Result(s)

There was no significant difference in LBR between the PGT‐A and non‐PGT‐A groups both before (39.1% vs. 41.5%, p = 0.760) and after (39.1% vs. 40.6%, p = 0.862) PSM. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models revealed no beneficial effect of PGT‐A on LBR per embryo transfer (crude odds ratio: 0.91, 95% confidence interval: 0.49–1.69; adjusted odds ratio: 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.53–2.03). The incidence of maternal and neonatal complications was not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusions

Patients with RIF aged < 38 years do not benefit from PGT‐A. Thus, factors other than genetic abnormalities may contribute to this clinical conundrum.
Autophagy modulators in type 2 diabetes: A new perspective
Authors: Zaidalkilani Ayah Talal , Al‐kuraishy Hayder M. , Fahad Esraa H. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Elewa Yaser Hosny Ali , Zahran Mahmoud Hosny , Alexiou Athanasios , Papadakis Marios , AL‐Farga Ammar , Batiha Gaber El‐Saber
Published: December 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by defective insulin signaling, insulin resistance, and impairment of insulin secretion. Autophagy is a conserved lysosomal‐dependent catabolic cellular pathway involved in the pathogenesis of T2D and its complications. Basal autophagy regulates pancreatic β‐cell function by enhancing insulin release and peripheral insulin sensitivity. Therefore, defective autophagy is associated with impairment of pancreatic β‐cell function and the development of insulin rersistance (IR). However, over‐activated autophagy increases apoptosis of pancreatic β‐cells leading to pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction. Hence, autophagy plays a double‐edged sword role in T2D. Therefore, the use of autophagy modulators including inhibitors and activators may affect the pathogenesis of T2D. Hence, this review aims to clarify the potential role of autophagy inhibitors and activators in T2D.

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High‐Speed Rail Opening and Corporate Environmental Responsibility Performance: Analysis of Talent Aggregation and Supervisory Pressure
Authors: Luo Kun , Liu Xiaoya , Wang Xiaolu , Ye Lei
Published: December 2024

The existing literature has explored the impact of high‐speed rail (HSR) opening on macrolevel environmental performance. However, few studies have validated its effects on microlevel corporate environmental responsibility performance. Therefore, on the basis of data from Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2011 to 2020, we examine the relationship between HSR opening and corporate environmental responsibility performance, along with the underlying reasons for this relationship. Our research reveals that HSR opening can significantly improve the corporate environmental responsibility performance. Talent aggregation and supervisory pressure constitute the two main channels that explain the positive relationship. Furthermore, the results of heterogeneity tests indicate that this positive effect is more significant in cities with larger populations and administrative centers, as well as in nonpolluting industries and companies certified through ISO14001 environmental management systems. This paper confirms that HSR opening contributes to generating positive externalities for firms and provides valuable insights into improving and understanding corporate environmental responsibility performance.
Adolescents' perceptions of using likes, comments, and other reactions—A qualitative investigation
Authors: Rides Gemma , Pote Helen , Watling Dawn
Published: December 2024

With the majority of young people using social media as a primary form of communication with friends and family, it is becoming increasingly important to understand how adolescents perceive their own and others' online behaviour. Participants (N = 34) aged 11–15 years took part in focus group discussions exploring their perceptions of the communication intentions of using online interpersonal feedback, specifically the use of ‘reactions’ (e.g., likes and comments). A thematic analysis of the transcripts indicated that young people are using social media reactions to (i) form and maintain impressions online, (ii) give, receive, and withhold support from others, and (iii) express themselves and tailor their social media experience. Findings show that adolescents are aware of the online social norms surrounding the use of reactions and how the number of reactions relates to their mood and feelings of self‐worth.
Systemic Antibiotic Prophylaxis Adjunctive to Surgical Reconstructive Peri‐Implantitis Treatment: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ramanauskaite Ausra , Saltzer Ioanna , Padhye Ninad , Begic Amira , Obreja Karina , Dahmer Iulia , Schwarz Frank
Published: December 2024

Aims

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of oral systemic antibiotic prophylaxis administered along with the surgical reconstructive peri‐implantitis treatment.

Methods

A total of 49 patients exhibiting 70 implants diagnosed with peri‐implantitis underwent a surgical reconstructive peri‐implantitis treatment. Of them, 27 patients (38 implants) received a single preoperative shot of antibiotics (2 g amoxicillin; Pre‐op), 12 patients (19 implants) were prescribed with postoperative antibiotics for 3 days (500 mg amoxicillin, 3 x day, Post‐op), and the remaining 10 patients (13 implants) did not receive any systemic antibiotics (No‐Ab). Mean probing depth values (mean PDs; primary outcome), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque (PI), suppuration (Sup), and deepest PDs values (max PD) were assessed prior to surgery (baseline), after 6 and 12 months. To assess the differences in changes in the clinical parameters, and disease resolution (PD ≤ 5 mm, ≤ 1 BOP site and no Sup) among the groups, logistic regression analyses were performed.

Results

After 12 months, the mean PD reduction amounted to −1.74 ± 1.56 mm, −1.91 ± 1.88 mm, and −1.13 ± 1.05 mm in the No‐Ab, Pre‐op, and Post‐op groups, respectively, with no significant difference detected among the groups. The BOP was reduced in 60%, 59.3%, and 83.3% of the patients after 12 months in the No‐Ab, Pre‐op, and Post‐op groups, respectively, with no significant differences among them. The PI, Sup and max PD reductions were comparable among the groups. Disease resolution after 12 months was established in 61.5%, 73.7%, and 89.5% of patients in the No‐Ab, Pre‐op, and Post‐op groups (No‐Ab vs. Pre‐op: p = 0.10, No‐Ab vs. Post‐op: p = 0.40, Pre‐op vs. Post‐op: p = 0.84).

Conclusion

Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis did not improve the clinical outcomes of surgical reconstructive peri‐implantitis treatment.
Concomitant ALK Fusion and TP53/EGFR Mutation Lead to Adverse Prognostic Outcome
Authors: Du Mingyuan , Liu Cuiwei , Chen Leichong , Li Zhenyu , Zhang Sijia , Meng Rui
Published: December 2024

Lung cancer treatment has evolved at the molecular level. Detecting the presence of driver genes in lung cancer fundamentally alters the choice of therapeutic regimens and the outcome of this disease. ALK fusion mutation is one of the most important mutations in nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Also, it often has other coexisting mutation types. TP53 is the most common coexisting mutation type, whereas the EGFR/ALK coexisting mutation type is extremely rare. There is still no definite conclusion about the impact of the multimutation and best treatment options for NSCLC patients with advanced multimutation. In this study, we report three cases of NSCLC with ALK fusion mutations as well as ALK combined with TP53 mutations and ALK combined with EGFR mutations. Combining cases from our oncology center and previous literature, we found that NSCLC patients with coexisting ALK fusion mutations and other mutations have poorer response to targeted therapy and poorer prognosis, and we also compared the efficacy rates of various types of coexisting mutations for different treatment regimens. Therefore, this review can help to evaluate the prognosis of NSCLC patients with coexisting mutations and the efficacy of targeted therapies and to find more favorable treatment options for patients with this type of coexisting mutations.
On the Broader Significance of Maternal Sensitivity: Mothers’ Early and Later Sensitive Parenting Matter to Children's Language, Executive Function, Academics, and Self‐Reliance
Authors: Foley Joan E. , Olino Thomas M. , Weinraub Marsha
Published: December 2024

Researchers have demonstrated the important contribution of mothers’ sensitive parenting to children's developing cognition over the first 5 years of life, yet studies examining sensitivity beyond the early years, controlling for earlier effects, are limited. In this exploratory study, we examined the developmental pathways through which mothers’ early and later sensitive parenting transacted with children's language, executive function, academics, and self‐reliance to predict child outcomes from infancy to adolescence. To a national longitudinal dataset (n = 1364; 52% male; 80% white), we applied random intercept cross‐lagged panel modeling to examine between‐person and within‐person associations for maternal sensitivity and child outcomes. Our findings show that over the first 15 years of life relations between maternal sensitivity and these child outcomes are best characterized by stable, trait‐like associations that persist over time with limited state‐like time‐varying associations. Importantly, we found that maternal sensitivity at both early and later developmental stages is associated with these between‐person differences. Given the nature of these associations over four developmental stages, we extend prior research by demonstrating that mothers’ sensitivity is enduring because of its consistency both early and later in development.
Metformin and risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnant women with gestational diabetes in the United Kingdom: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Yu Ya‐Hui , Platt Robert W. , Reynier Pauline , Yu Oriana H. Y. , Filion Kristian B.
Published: December 2024

Aims

Metformin is increasingly used off‐label as the treatment of gestational diabetes (GDM). Our objective was to determine if metformin versus insulin initiation is associated with the adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink, its pregnancy register, and Hospital Episode Statistics from 1998 to 2018. We included pregnancies of women who initiated metformin or insulin between 20 weeks gestation and pregnancy end. The primary outcome was a composite outcome of large for gestational age (LGA) and macrosomia. The secondary outcomes included small for gestational age (SGA), preterm birth, caesarean delivery, and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy (HDP). Inverse probability weighted‐Cox proportional hazards models were to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), comparing those who initiated metformin versus insulin at cohort entry, accounting for baseline covariates.

Results

Our cohort included pregnancies of 1297 women initiating metformin and of 895 women initiating insulin. Compared to insulin initiation, metformin initiation was associated with a decreased risk of LGA or macrosomia (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.49, 0.78), Caesarean delivery (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69, 0.98), and preterm birth (HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.58, 1.08). The HRs for HDP and SGA were 0.92 (95% CI 0.57, 1.27) and 1.33 (95% CI 0.67, 2.00), respectively.

Conclusions

Our study suggests that, compared to initiating insulin, initiating metformin is associated with decreased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes among women with GDM. These findings provide important real‐world evidence regarding the use of metformin for GDM.
First records distribution models to guide biosurveillance for non‐native species
Authors: Sofaer Helen R. , Williams Demetra A. , Jarnevich Catherine S. , Shadwell Keana S. , Kittle Caroline M. , Pearse Ian S. , Berio Fortini Lucas , Brock Kelsey C.
Published: December 2024

Quickly locating new populations of non‐native species can reduce the ecological and economic costs of species invasions. However, the difficulty of predicting which new non‐native species will establish, and where, has limited active post‐border biosurveillance efforts. Because pathways of introduction underlie spatial patterns of establishment risk, an intuitive approach is to search for new non‐native species in areas where many non‐native species have first been detected in the past. We formalize this intuition via first records distribution models (FRDMs), which apply species distribution modeling methods to the collection of first occurrence records across species (i.e. one record per species). We define FRDMs as statistical models that quantify environmental conditions associated with species' first naturalized records to predict spatial patterns of establishment risk. We model the first records of non‐native plants in the conterminous USA as a proof‐of‐concept. The novelty of FRDMs is that their inferences apply not just to the species that contributed data; they provide a rigorous framework for predicting hotspots of invasion for new non‐native taxa that share a pathway of introduction with the modeled species. FRDMs can guide survey efforts for new non‐native taxa at multiple scales and across ecosystems.
Diffusion imaging shows microstructural alterations in untreated, non‐lesional patients already after a first unprovoked seizure
Authors: Segovia‐Oropeza Marysol , Rauf Erik Hans Ulrich , Heide Ev‐Christin , Focke Niels K.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy exhibit brain white matter (WM) abnormalities, but the temporal dynamics of these are unknown. The literature suggests these alterations might be present before diagnosis. This study investigates WM microstructural integrity using diffusion imaging in non‐lesional (NL), interictal epileptiform discharge (IED)‐free, unmedicated patients who experienced a first unprovoked seizure compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, we evaluated whether the patients who developed epilepsy within a 1‐year follow‐up had a divergent pattern of WM alterations in contrast to those who did not. We also evaluated patients with established epilepsy.

Methods

We performed a diffusion imaging analysis in a cohort of 82 subjects. Twenty patients recently experienced a first unprovoked seizure (first‐seizure group), 32 patients had chronic epilepsy (chronic‐epilepsy group), and 30 healthy controls. The first‐seizure patients were later classified into patients who developed epilepsy (early‐epilepsy) and those who did not (single‐seizure). Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were calculated. Group differences were analyzed using tract‐based spatial statistics and permutation analysis of linear models.

Results

Compared to controls, first‐seizure patients showed decreased FA (p < .05, d = 1.3) in the corpus callosum and forceps minor, among other tracts. Similar changes were found in the single‐seizure group (p < .05, d = 1.3), whereas the early‐epilepsy patients showed decreases only in the corpus callosum (p < .05, d = 2.4). We confirmed that patients with chronic epilepsy have widespread FA decreases (p < .05, d = 1).

Significance

We provide evidence that, as early as after the first unprovoked seizure, patients considered NL by conventional methods harbor marked microstructural abnormalities detectable with diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). These findings suggest that WM alterations are present very early in the epileptogenic process even before the diagnosis can currently be made. These results have important implications for better understanding the epileptogenic process and preexisting structural difference in patients after a first seizure.
Advances in peripheral T cell lymphomas: pathogenesis, genetic landscapes and emerging therapeutic targets
Authors: Pichler Alexander S , Amador Catalina , Fujimoto Ayumi , Takeuchi Kengo , de Jong Daphne , Iqbal Javeed , Staber Philipp B
Published: December 2024

Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a biologically diverse and aggressive group of non‐Hodgkin lymphomas that originate from mature T cells, often presenting with complex clinical and morphological features. This review explores the challenges in diagnosing and classifying PTCLs, focusing on the intricate biology of the more common nodal entities. Advances in molecular diagnostics, such as mutational and gene expression profiling, have improved our understanding. However, the rarity and morphological variability of PTCLs continue to complicate the definition of biologically and clinically meaningful entities, as well as the application of current diagnoses in daily practice; these advancements have not yet translated into improved clinical outcomes. Standard therapies fail in most cases and lead to poor prognoses, highlighting the urgent need for improved therapeutic strategies. Precise characterisation of PTCL advances refined classification and supports the development of more targeted and effective treatments. Recent approaches have focused on biology‐based risk stratification, either within specific entities or in an entity‐agnostic manner. This development aims for improved treatment selection or even personalised treatment based on genetic, epigenetic and functional profiles.
Identification of BCL3 as a biomarker for chondrocyte programmed cell death in osteoarthritis
Authors: Ren Junxiao , Li Rui , Meng Chen , Xu Yongqing , Li Chuan
Published: December 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition that is widely prevalent and causes joint pain and disability, with programmed cell death (PCD) playing a role in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to identify biomarkers associated with PCD in OA and explore their potential roles. Three RNA‐sequencing datasets (GSE114007, GSE51588 and GSE220243) related to OA were analysed. Differential expression and weighted gene co‐expression network identified key differentially expressed PCD‐related genes (DE‐PRMGs). Potential biomarkers were identified and validated through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, correlation analyses, gene set enrichment analysis, single‐cell expression and RT‐qPCR. A total of 45 DE‐PRMGs were identified, affecting pathways like TNF signalling and RNA degradation. BCL3, TREM2 and NRP2 were prioritized as potential OA biomarkers, which are associated with ribosome function and immune cell infiltration and potentially linked to PCD. The functional role of one of the molecules identified, BCL3, was explored further using a cell model of inflammation induced chondrocytes. BCL3 was significantly down regulated in OA samples from the public dataset and clinical samples analysed by RT‐qPCR. BCL3 overexpression reduced apoptosis in chondrocytes stimulated with inflammatory cytokines. Thus the functional studies highlighted the anti‐apoptotic role of BCL3 in chondrocytes and provide new insights into OA pathogenesis with potential for future therapeutic development.
The Impact of Combating Bribery and Corruption Report Assurance on Financial Analysts' Decisions
Authors: Quick Reiner , Yalçin Neriman
Published: December 2024

There is an increasing pressure on companies to provide nonfinancial information. An important element of related nonfinancial reports is information on combating bribery and corruption. This study examines the impact of voluntary assurance on such reports on financial analyst perceptions and decisions. Moreover, it investigates whether the type of assurance provider (financial statement auditor vs. another audit firm) and the assurance level (limited vs. reasonable assurance) exert an influence. For this purpose, we conducted an experiment with a 2 × 2 + 1 between‐subject design and financial analysts from Turkey as participants. The extent of financial analyst reliance on the combating bribery and corruption report of a fictitious company, their likelihood to recommend the purchase of shares of the fictitious company, their related credit risk assessment and the likelihood that they purchase shares in the fictitious company served as dependent variables. The analyses are based on 116 responses after the elimination of manipulation check failures. Our findings indicate that assurance on combating bribery and corruption reports results in perceptions and decisions which are more favourable to the fictitious company. Moreover, they do not indicate a significant impact of the type of assurance provider. However, our participants' perceptions are more positive in the case of reasonable assurance.
Oxidized high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein in adolescents with obesity and metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Bartlett Alyssa M. , Boone Ali M. , Bays Jordan A. , Kim Youngsil , Palle Sirish K. , Short Kevin R.
Published: December 2024

Background

Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is increasingly common in the pediatric population and may increase risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in people with MASLD. Oxidized high‐density lipoprotein (oxHDL) and oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (oxLDL) are modified, pro‐atherosclerotic lipoproteins that are increased in adults with MASLD and CVD but have not been reported in adolescents with MASLD.

Purpose

To determine if oxLDL and oxHDL are increased in adolescents with MASLD.

Methods

Fasting oxHDL and oxLDL were measured in adolescents (11–20 years) with obesity and biopsy‐confirmed MASLD (n = 47), and peers without MASLD but with obesity (Ob; n = 28), or normal weight (NW; n = 29).

Results

oxHDL was 27% higher (p < 0.05) in the MASLD group (mean ± SD: 11.9 ± 4.7 ng/mL) compared to the Ob group (9.3 ± 3.7 ng/mL, p < 0.05) but only 7% higher than the NW group (11.1 ± 3.8 ng/mL, p > 0.05). However, HDL‐C was 19% and 32% lower in the MASLD group than in the Ob and NW groups, respectively. Thus, oxHDL/HDL‐C ratio was 55% and 66% higher in MASLD compared to the Ob group (p < 0.004) and the NW group (p < 0.001), respectively. oxLDL (52.4 ± 16.0, 46.7 ± 10.1 and 47.1 ± 15.2 U/L for MASLD, Ob and NW, respectively), LDL‐C and the oxLDL/LDL‐C ratio did not differ among groups.

Conclusions

The elevated oxHDL and oxHDL/HDL‐C in adolescents with MASLD compared to peers with Ob or NW suggests that there is some oxidative stress in MASLD independent of obesity and potential for increased CVD risk in the future.
Life history traits, habitat characteristics, and phylogeny influence tick infestation probability in tropical wild birds
Authors: Busi Ana , Martínez-Sánchez Estefani T. , Alvarez-Londoño Johnathan , Molina-Marin Dimas A. , Betancurt-Grisales Juan F. , Rivera-Páez Fredy A. , Ramírez-Chaves Héctor E. , Fontúrbel Francisco E. , Castaño‐Villa Gabriel J.
Published: December 2024

Interactions between wild birds and ticks exert significant selective forces, influencing the host's evolution and fitness. Tick infestation rates vary among bird species due to life history and morphology. Understanding tick infestation probability is crucial for conservation efforts, as birds play an important role in the tick life cycle and can transmit tick‐borne pathogens. In this context, it is essential to understand how life history traits or phylogenetic relationships determine tick infestation probability in the tropics. This study aims to identify wild bird life history traits and habitat characteristics associated with tick infestation probability in the Colombian tropical region. We hypothesized that larger body size, migratory behavior, foraging in lower vegetation stratum, seasonal aggregation, and inhabiting natural habitats increase tick infestation probability. We used a dataset with 3488 wild bird records from 322 species and 41 families, obtained from 61 Colombian localities (26 in the Orinoquia and 35 in the Andean regions). We used phylogenetic generalized linear mixed Bayesian models to assess tick infestation probability based on life history traits, body size, and geographic distribution. Of the birds analyzed, 3.2% were infested by ticks, mainly in immature stages (95%). Our results indicated a lower probability of tick infestation in agricultural habitats and higher elevations. Ground‐foraging species exhibited a lower infestation probability, contrary to previous reports. We found a significant phylogenetic relationship, indicating that related species have similar probabilities of tick infestation compared to more distantly related species. This study provides valuable insights into the bird–tick association, with implications for disease management and bird conservation.
Exploring T Cell and NK Cell Involvement in Ankylosing Spondylitis Through Single‐Cell Sequencing
Authors: Chen Tianyou , Ning Shengyu , Zhu Jichong , Zhan Xinli , Zhou Chenxing , Huang Chengqian , Wu Shaofeng , Zhang Bin , Feng Sitan , Chen Jiarui , Xue Jiang , Yang Zhenwei , Liu Chong
Published: December 2024

To uncover the complex immune mechanisms driving inflammation in ankylosing spondylitis and lay the groundwork for identifying new therapeutic targets and innovative approaches, we conducted 10× single‐cell sequencing on bone marrow cell samples collected from the vertebrae of three AS patients and three non‐AS patients. Using single‐cell sequencing data, we analysed the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by comparing AS patients with non‐AS patients. Key genes among the related DEGs were identified through protein–protein interaction networks and hub gene screening and further validated using immunohistochemistry. We performed clustering and annotation of the single‐cell sequencing data and externally validated the findings using the GSE232131 single‐cell dataset. By integrating transcriptome data, we assessed the differential expression of immune cells in AS. Finally, we explored the interactions between immune cells in AS through cell communication analysis. The upregulated gene CD74 was identified as a hub gene in T cells in AS. Further research revealed the important relationship between T cells and NK cells in the fundamental processes of AS. Additionally, we found that the macrophage migration inhibitory factor signalling pathway is prominently expressed in the interactions among various cell types in AS.
Managing Pandemic Threats—The Need for Adaptive Leadership
Authors: Worman Scott , Sturmberg Joachim P.
Published: December 2024

The threat of the H5N1‐influenza virus prompts reflection on COVID‐19 pandemic experiences. This paper integrates insights from a first responder using the Cynefin framework to advocate for an adaptive strategic approach to future pandemics. Balancing individual freedoms with containment measures serves to leverage the human capital needed for rapid learning and resource distribution. The Cynefin framework aids in understanding complex problem‐solving dynamics which involve varying degrees of order and chaos. Hierarchies in the ordered world support heterarchies which explore the unordered world. Both operate within scale free human systems which must adapt to existential challenges such as pandemics. Experience leading to knowledge and understanding occurs simultaneously at all dimensions of human existence. Ultimately, adaptive leadership and decentralized decision‐making, supported by the best available knowledge, enable effective pandemic management and restoration of normal societal functions.
Efficacy of Home–School Collaboration in Enhancing College Students' Mental Health
Authors: Liu YunFeng
Published: December 2024

Objective

To investigate the efficacy of home–school collaboration in enhancing college students' mental health.

Methods

The convenience sampling method was used to select 500 students studying at University as survey participants. By designing a questionnaire, college students' mental health, self‐identity, satisfaction and the status quo of home–school collaborative education were investigated. Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to explore the relationships among these factors. Furthermore, the PROCESS model was used to study the mediating effect, which was tested using the Bootstrap sampling method.

Results

Cronbach's coefficient α was above 0.7 for each index in the questionnaire, indicating good reliability. After excluding invalid questionnaires, 463 valid ones remained, with a validity rate of 97.1%. College students' mental health and self‐identity were found to be positively correlated with home–school collaboration in terms of total scores and scores for each dimension. The highest degree of correlation was observed for identity moratorium and identity foreclosure, with a correlation coefficient of 0.479. Satisfaction and college students' self‐identity contribute to the relationship between home–school collaboration and college students' mental health in the paths ‘home–school collaboration → satisfaction → college students' mental health’ and ‘home–school collaboration → college students' self‐identity → college students' mental health,’ respectively. Additionally, satisfaction and college students' self‐identity for the action path ‘home–school collaboration → satisfaction → college students' self‐identity → college students' mental health,’ reflecting the impact of home–school collaboration on college students' mental health.

Conclusion

Home–school collaboration positively influences the development of college students' mental health. Satisfaction and college students' self‐identity have a chain mediating effect on the relationship between home–school collaboration and college students' mental health.
Behavioral symptoms and treatment challenges for patients living with dementia: Hospice clinician and caregiver perspectives
Authors: Sadowska Karolina , Turnwald Molly , O'Neil Thomas , Maust Donovan T. , Gerlach Lauren B.
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Dementia affects one in three older adults over age 85 and individuals with dementia constitute the fastest growing population of patients entering hospice care. While cognitive impairment is the hallmark of dementia, behavioral symptoms are reported in nearly all patients with advanced dementia, contributing to both the complexity of end‐of‐life care and caregiver burden.

Methods

This qualitative study involved semi‐structured interviews with prescribing hospice clinicians and caregivers of patients living with dementia who previously received hospice services. Interviews included questions regarding common behavioral symptoms observed at end of life, side effects of benzodiazepine and antipsychotic medications, perceived effectiveness of medications used, and non‐pharmacologic treatment strategies. Data from audio‐recorded sessions were transcribed, coded to identify relevant concepts, and reduced to determine major themes.

Results

A total of 23 hospice clinicians and 20 family caregivers participated in interviews. Agitation, including physical and verbal aggression, irritability, and anger, was identified as the most concerning behavioral symptom of dementia at end of life; when discussing agitation, clinicians focused on the safety of the patient living with dementia and others, while caregivers were concerned because they perceived it as a change in personality of their loved one. When using antipsychotics and benzodiazepines to address behavioral symptoms, caregivers viewed sedation as a concerning side effect, while clinicians were less concerned and noted this as an anticipated outcome of treatment. Overall, family caregivers perceived medications as more effective than clinicians. Finally, non‐pharmacologic interventions are generally preferred over pharmacologic treatments, but were reported as difficult to implement.

Conclusions

Study findings can help to inform dialogue between hospice clinicians and caregivers regarding anticipated behavioral changes, as well as risks, benefits, and limitations of medication treatment options for behavioral symptom management. Further work is needed to understand the appropriate level of use of psychotropic medications for end‐of‐life dementia care.
Factors Associated With First‐Trimester Prenatal Care Initiation In The United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Eggen Melissa B. , LaPreze Dani , Karimi Seyed , Creel Liza , Little Bertis , Ibrahim Bridget Basile
Published: December 2024

Introduction

First‐trimester prenatal care is an important component of quality care during pregnancy and is associated with improved perinatal outcomes. Despite its importance, many pregnant people delay prenatal care initiation or receive no prenatal care. This scoping review assessed multilevel factors associated with first‐trimester prenatal care initiation in the United States among studies that included a measure of prenatal care timing, using the socioecological model as an organizing framework.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted according to the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines for reporting. PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, CINAHL, and Social Sciences Abstracts were searched for peer‐reviewed papers that focused on facilitators and barriers associated with first‐trimester prenatal care initiation, were written in English, included a measure of prenatal care timing, and used data gathered after 2014.

Results

Of the 1469 articles identified in the search, 19 met inclusion criteria and were included in the final review. Articles described intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental‐level barriers and facilitators of first‐trimester prenatal care initiation including Medicaid expansion, immigration status, and the COVID‐19 pandemic. Significant heterogeneity in the measurement of prenatal care timing existed across studies.

Discussion

Our findings suggest that, although environmental domain factors have been impactful toward increasing population‐level rates of first‐trimester prenatal care initiation, benefits have not been equitable across sociodemographic factors. Increasing the proportion of pregnant people who initiate first‐trimester prenatal care will require comprehensive efforts that address sociodemographic and contextual factors, including persistent structural and systemic barriers that cause and widen health disparities.
Does financial knowledge affect borrower discouragement among various social categories? Evidence from the United States
Authors: Rostamkalaei Anoosheh , Riding Allan , Saridakis George
Published: December 2024

A deficiency in financial knowledge often precipitates costly financial choices, affecting consumers' behavior and decision‐making. We delve into how financial acumen influences borrower discouragement by utilizing data from the U.S. Federal Reserve's Survey of Household Economics and Decision‐Making (2017–2022). Discouraged borrower describes creditworthy individuals who, despite a genuine need for credit, avoid applying due to anticipated rejection. Our research reveals that financial knowledge diminishes the likelihood of borrower discouragement after controlling for various societal groups. However, when we estimate the model separately, its impact is not uniform across these societal segments. Specifically, our study uncovers that the effects of financial knowledge are different on gender, race, and occupational status. Further analyses of various subgroups confirm that race and occupational status are consistent predictors of borrower discouragement, even when accounting for financial knowledge. These insights underscore the importance of providing targeted financial education to address these disparities.
Are all vulvar masses Bartholin cysts? A series of cases
Authors: Boz İzceyhan Gizem , Bulutlar Eralp
Published: December 2024

Introduction

While vulvar masses are not prevalent in society, they are one of the reasons for complaints that arise during visits to gynecology outpatient clinics. An excision is typically necessary for both the purpose of diagnosing and treating the condition.

Methods

We documented three exceptional instances with distinct histopathological diagnoses and varying presentations, as well as a consecutive series of five patients, including one Bartholin abscess and one labia major abscess.

Results

During the compilation of this article, we intended to show that vulvar masses can manifest in various forms. It is important not to overlook pathologies other than Bartholin cysts and abscesses, which are commonly encountered reasons for admission to gynecology clinics. Additionally, it is crucial to always consider the possibility of malignant pathologies.

Discussion

Clinicians' expertise and understanding of vulvar masses are comparatively inferior to their knowledge of other gynecological disorders. This case series presents the uncommon vulva masses that we found in our clinic.
CONSTANS‐Like and SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE‐Like Genes Coordinately Modulate TERMINAL FLOWER 2 to Control Dormancy Transitions in Pinus tabuliformis
Authors: Qu Kai , Zhou Chengcheng , Liu Dan , Han Biao , Jiao Zhiyuan , Niu Shihui , El‐Kassaby Yousry A. , Li Wei
Published: December 2024

With global climate change, understanding how conifers manage seasonal dormancy is increasingly important. This study explores the physiological and molecular processes controlling dormancy transitions in P. tabuliformis, a key species in northern China. Using dormancy simulations and Time‐Ordered Gene Co‐Expression Network (TO‐GCN) analysis, we identified low temperature, rather than photoperiod, as the primary trigger for dormancy release. The PtTFL2 gene functions as both an environmental sensor and dormancy marker, regulated by cold‐dependent and independent pathways involving the photoperiod‐responsive PtCOL1 and PtSVP‐like (SVL) genes. During the autumn‐to‐winter transition, PtSVL controls PtTFL2 transcription, forming a regulatory complex to fine‐tune dormancy. PtCOL1 also directly regulates PtTFL2 and indirectly modulates it by affecting PtSVL expression. The CO‐TFL module controls fall dormancy (ecodormancy), while the SVP‐TFL module manages the shift to endodormancy in winter. These findings reveal dual regulatory pathways governing dormancy in conifers, offering insights into their adaptation to cold environments and laying the foundation for further research into dormancy mechanisms in gymnosperms.
Foliar Water Uptake Supports Water Potential Recovery but Does Not Affect Xylem Sap Composition in Two Salt‐Secreting Mangroves
Authors: Losso Adriano , Gauthey Alice , Mayr Stefan , Choat Brendan
Published: December 2024

Mangroves are highly salt‐tolerant species, which live in saline intertidal environments, but rely on alternative, less saline water to maintain hydraulic integrity and plant productivity. Foliar water uptake (FWU) is thought to assist in hydration of mangroves, particularly during periods of acute water deficit. We investigated the dynamics of FWU in Avicennia marina and Aegiceras corniculatum by submerging and spraying excised branches and measuring leaf water potential (Ψ) at different time intervals. Daily changes in xylem sap composition (ionic concentrations, pH and surface tension) were monitored during 2 days characterised by the presence of morning dew and difference in tides. In both species, FWU occurred over relatively short times, with leaf Ψ recovering from −4.5 MPa to about −1.5 MPa in 120–150 min. At predawn, Ψ was higher (−1.5 MPa) than sea water Ψ, indicating that leaves had been partially rehydrated by absorbed dew. Tides did not affect Ψ, but high tides increased the overall ionic content of xylem sap. The results indicated mangroves are extremely efficient in absorbing non‐saline water via the leaves and restoring the water balance to Ψ higher than seawater. Changes in xylem sap composition, which were strongly influenced by tides, were not affected by observed FWU.