bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conductive Korean Traditional Paper (Hanji) Coupled with Ag Nanowire for Functional Electronic Paper Windows in Hanok
Authors: Kim Yong Jun , Choi Seo‐Yun , Shin Hak , Kim Han‐Ki
Published: April 2023

Korean traditional paper known as Hanji is coupled with Ag nanowires (NWs) to be used as multi‐functional paper windows in wooden flame doors of a traditional Korean house (Hanok). The Ag NW is uniformly embedded in a handmade Hanji, consisting of multiple laminated sheets formed through ssangbal filtering up and spray method. The combination demonstrates a low sheet resistance of 28 Ohm square−1because of a percolating network structure of Ag NWs, which is apt for interconnectors and electrodes. Owing to the flexibility of the Hanji and Ag NWs, outstanding mechanical flexibility, apt for curved or flexible electronic paper windows, is observed. To further examine the potential of the multi‐functional electronic paper window, anti‐bacterial and electromagnetic interference shield properties of the Hanji are also investigated. It is noted that the functional Hanji sterilizes 99.9% of staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia and shows 15 dB (12–18 GHz) shielding efficiency due to the existence of the metallic Ag NWs network. In addition, successful operation of Hanji‐based interconnectors, thin film heaters, and touch panels demonstrates that the Hanji‐based electronic paper window can be used as a device‐integrated paper window in traditional Hanok or oriental traditional houses.
Multifunctional Anti‐Corrosive Interface Modification for Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Naihe , Xiong Jian , He Zhen , Yuan Changlai , Dai Junqian , Zhang Yongsong , Zhou Changrong , Zhang Xiaowen , Li Lin , Wang Dongjie , Zhang Zheling , Huang Yu , Dai Qilin , Zhang Jian
Published: April 2023

The interface stability and non‐radiative recombination loss of the cathode interface greatly limit the stability and performance of inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, an efficient multifunctional anti‐corrosive interface modification strategy based on 2,2′‐(1,3‐phenylene)‐bis[5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole] (OXD‐7) is proposed to overcome the cathode interface issues. OXD‐7 molecules chemically coordinate to the Ag electrode and form a chemically stable complex film of OXD7‐Ag, which suppresses halide ion migration and thus enhances the corrosion resistance of the electrode as well. In addition, the trap density of perovskite film, PCBM/Ag interfaces contact, the built‐in potential, moisture resistance, as well as the unfavorable interface exciton dissociation elimination of the devices, are also improved with the OXD‐7 arrangement upon PCBM film, which correspondingly enhances the device performance and stability. Bidirectional halide ion migration and the ITO corrosion are observed, which is also suppressed by the OXD‐7 modification. The high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.84% and the high fill factor (≈84.63%) is obtained via this strategy, which is one of the highest PCEs and FFs based on solution‐process MAPbI3/PCBM heterojunctions. The PCE can maintain ≈80% of its initial value after 1080 h at 85 °C with OXD‐7 modification.
Artificial intelligence in farming: Challenges and opportunities for building trust
Authors: Gardezi Maaz , Joshi Bhavna , Rizzo Donna M. , Ryan Mark , Prutzer Edward , Brugler Skye , Dadkhah Ali
Published: April 2023

Artificial intelligence (AI) represents technologies with human‐like cognitive abilities to learn, perform, and make decisions. AI in precision agriculture (PA) enables farmers and farm managers to deploy highly targeted and precise farming practices based on site‐specific agroclimatic field measurements. The foundational and applied development of AI has matured considerably over the last 30 years. The time is now right to engage seriously with the ethics and responsible practice of AI for the well‐being of farmers and farm managers. In this paper, we identify and discuss both challenges and opportunities for improving farmers’ trust in those providing AI solutions for PA. We highlight that farmers’ trust can be moderated by how the benefits and risks of AI are perceived, shared, and distributed. We propose four recommendations for improving farmers’ trust. First, AI developers should improve model transparency and explainability. Second, clear responsibility and accountability should be assigned to AI decisions. Third, concerns about the fairness of AI need to be overcome to improve human‐machine partnerships in agriculture. Finally, regulation and voluntary compliance of data ownership, privacy, and security are needed, if AI systems are to become accepted and used by farmers.
Facile synthesis of A‐π‐D‐π‐A architecture organic small molecules. Experimental and theoretical investigation of the effect of a π‐conjugated spacer
Authors: Mayarambakam Sasikumar , Busireddy Manohar Reddy , Sekar Karthick , Rao Vaidya Jayathirtha
Published: April 2023

Understanding the structure‐property relationship is one of the critical factors in the practical design of organic small molecules for bulk heterojunction organic solar cells (BHJ‐OSCs). In this study, we designed and synthesized two low‐band‐gap organic small molecule donors, TRh and PhRh. To study the effect of the π‐conjugated spacer, the A‐π‐D‐π‐A architecture was constructed with an efficient dithienopyrrole donor (D) and rhodanine acceptor (A) units. Two types of π‐conjugated spacers, thiophene in TRh and phenyl in PhRh, are used to fine‐tune the various properties. A detailed investigation of the effect of π‐conjugated spacers on optoelectronic, thermal, and photovoltaic properties have carried out. TRh is planar, more conjugated, has a more prolonged absorption wavelength and leads to a low band gap of 1.48 eV. DFT studies demonstrate that TRh has lower BLA (Bond length alternation) and has more quinoid structure than PhRh. PhRh is thermally more stable than TRh. PhRh displayed a high glass transition temperature (Tg) at 193 °C and a 5% decomposition temperature at 402 °C. The inverted device architecture of BHJ‐OSCs blended with PC71BM displayed the PCE of 2.78% for TRh and 1.10% for PhRh. TRh : PC71BM blend exhibits higher hole and electron mobilities than PhRh : PC71BM blend.
Preparation of chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate@nano‐silica sol microcapsule suspensions and their application in soybean cyst nematode control
Authors: Hu Xueqing , Yu Xiaobin , Zhang Zhongkai , Han Zhaolian , Jiang Qiushi , Tang Yanning , Cheng Zhiqiang
Published: April 2023

Fosthiazate is a common insecticide for root‐knot nematode control, but it has a short shelf life and is prone to decomposition. In order to improve the stability and prolong the release time, this experiment used the ionic gel method to cross‐link chitosan with sodium tripolyphosphate and added nano‐silica sol to prepare microcapsules suspensions. The optimal preparation parameters for the preparation of chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate@nano‐silica sol microcapsulated suspensions were optimized by single factor experiments and response surface analysis, and the encapsulation efficiency reached 61.3%. The highest control effect in greenhouse pots can reach 84.1%, and the optimal concentration was 2 g/m2 mixed with soil, which increased stem length, root length and fresh weight by 81.1%, 47.7% and 62.5%. The study showed that the microcapsules of chitosan cross‐linked with sodium tripolyphosphate and added with nano‐silica sol could significantly prolong the release of Fosthiazate, which also provided a positive effect on soybean cyst nematode control.
φC31 ‐Mediated cassette exchange in Sf9 insect cells for stable expression
Authors: Hu Die , Qian Jingwen , Zhang Tong , Yu Yue , Xu Zhenhe , Zhang Yuanxing , Liu Qin
Published: April 2023

Insect cells, especially Sf9 cells, are commonly used in biomanufacturing due to their advantages in high expression levels and post‐translational modification. However, the development of stable expression cell lines via random integration tended to be unstable. Site‐specific integration (SSI) is an alternative strategy. In this study, a φC31 ‐mediated cassette exchange system in Sf9 cells was established for SSI. The tagging cassette with the reporter gene egfp was randomly inserted into the cell genome. Potential platform cell lines were obtained by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting (FACS) and single‐cell cloning. Platform cell lines were selected by assessing the fluorescence expression, stability, and growth kinetics of cell lines. The selected platform cell lines were co‐transfected with the φC31‐containing plasmid and the targeting cassette. Green‐fluorescence‐negative clones were screened by hygromycin resistance and FACS. The resulting cell clones exhibited the expression properties of the platform cell lines. The rapid development of cell lines for the production of influenza subunit vaccines by the cassette exchange system demonstrated that the system constituted a versatile and reusable platform for the production of various recombinant proteins. Overall, the φC31‐mediated cassette exchange system in Sf9 cells has the potential to facilitate and accelerate biologics development.
Electrochemical Characterization of the Periplasmic PpcA c‐Cytochrome of Geobacter sulfurreducens Reveals Its Affinity for Uranium
Authors: Awate Bhushan P. , Worden Robert M. , Reguera Gemma
Published: April 2023

Geobacter bacteria produce conductive pili appendages and an outer membrane‐anchored lipopolysaccharide to immobilize uranium extracellularly. Yet, some radionuclide enters the cell envelope, where is rapidly mineralized by periplasmic c‐cytochromes. To investigate this reaction, we constructed cell envelope biomimetic interfaces containing PpcA, the most conserved and abundant periplasmic c‐cytochrome in Geobacter species. Cyclic voltammograms revealed much higher rate constants for uranium than for iron, the natural electron acceptor of Geobacter, independently of the metal‐ligand complexation. These results are consistent with a much higher affinity of PpcA for uranium than for iron, providing a plausible explanation for the rapid mineralization of the radionuclide inside the cell envelope. The studies highlight the value of electrochemical biomimetic interfaces to dissect the contribution of cell envelope cytochromes to metal reduction and identify redox‐active proteins with the affinity needed for sensory applications.
Precursors for the Development of π‐Conjugated Low‐Coordinate Phosphorus Compounds
Authors: Esfandiarfard Keyhan , Arkhypchuk Anna I. , Orthaber Andreas , Ott Sascha
Published: April 2023

The synthesis of a novel monomeric precursor and its butadiyne‐bridged dimeric form for the preparation of novel π‐conjugated organophosphorus compounds is presented. The precursors are synthesized from commercially available starting materials, and based on a Dmp (2,6‐dimesitylphenyl) group for kinetic stabilization of the P‐functionality, a bromo substituent for the introduction of the phosphorus center, and an acetylene unit at the para position of the Dmp moiety. Such acetylenic units are synthetically versatile, and can be explored for the construction of larger phosphorus‐containing π‐conjugates. The precursors are utilized to prepare Dmp‐stabilized C,C‐dibromophosphaalkenes, and butadiyne‐bridged dimeric species thereof. The effect of the low‐coordinate phosphorus centers and the extent of π‐conjugation on the spectroscopic and electronic properties is evaluated by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, as well as cyclic voltammetry. In addition to the phosphaalkenes, the successful syntheses of two new diphosphenes are presented, indicating a broad applicability of the precursor.
A non‐isolated high quadratic step‐up converter for fuel cell electric vehicle applications
Authors: Naresh S. V. K. , Peddapati Sankar , Alghaythi Mamdouh L.
Published: April 2023

The fuel cell electric vehicles require a dc‐dc converter as a power interface to match the fuel cell voltage to the dc bus. By considering the soft characteristics of the fuel cell source, this work introduces a non‐isolated high quadratic step‐up (HQSU) converter with a wide‐range voltage gain and continuous source current. The proposed converter comprises two synchronously operated active switches and two inductors; it adopts a switched capacitor cell to improve the voltage gain and reduce the voltage stress of the output side components. Further, this work discusses the HQSU converter in terms of operation, steady‐state analysis, design considerations, and non‐ideal and dynamic analysis. In addition, the comprehensive comparison with recent quadratic converters suggests that the proposed HQSU converter has the advantages of higher voltage gain, high effectiveness index, low total voltage stress, and lower SDP rating, along with common ground and non‐inverted output. Furthermore, a 200 W laboratory prototype is fabricated to validate the theoretical findings. The experimental results confirm the good steady‐state and dynamic behavior of the proposed HQSU converter, which achieved an efficiency of 94.2% at rated power.
Study on copper oxide modified biochar for activating persulfate high efficiency and application for the removal of bisphenol A
Authors: Hua Li , Cheng Taozhi , Wei Ting
Published: April 2023

Advanced oxidation based on persulfate applied for the removal of organic pollutants has received widespread attention. Here, combining hydrothermal synthesis and a high‐temperature calcination approach, we constructed an effective copper oxide‐modified biochar from wood waste (Ginkgo biloba rods) for the removal of bisphenol A (BPA) from contaminated waterways. The modified biochar with copper oxide in its structure (CuO/BC) exhibited a densely arranged needle‐shaped structure different from pristine timber waste biochar (BC). CuO/BC can activate persulfate efficiently, and the removal rate of BPA could reach 100% within 20–30 min, approximately three times higher than that of BC. Moreover, CuO/BC was more suitable for treating BPA wastewater under alkaline conditions. The stability of CuO/BC, reaction intermediates, and possible degradation pathway were investigated. These results demonstrate the potential of the application of CuO/BC for organic wastewater treatment and shed light on a new approach to develop wastewater treatment materials that are carbon‐based and cost‐effective.
CarpNet: Transformer for mitral valve disease classification in echocardiographic videos
Authors: Vafaeezadeh Majid , Behnam Hamid , Hosseinsabet Ali , Gifani Parisa
Published: April 2023

Mitral valve (MV) diseases constitute one of the etiologies of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. MV pathologies need evaluating and classifying via echocardiographic videos. Transformers have significantly advanced video analytics. MV motion is divided by Carpentier functional classification into four types: normal, increased, restricted, and restricted only during systole. This paper introduces CarpNet, a deep transformer network that incorporates video transformers capable of direct MV pathology Carpentier's classification from the parasternal long‐axis (PLA) echocardiographic videos. The network, instead of processing frames independently, analyzes stacks of temporally consecutive frames using multi‐head attention modules to incorporate MV temporal dynamics into the learned model. To that end, different convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are evaluated as the backbone, and the best model is selected using the information of the PLA view. The use of information obtained by our proposed deep transformer network from consecutive echocardiographic frames yielded better results concerning the Carpentier functional classification than information obtained by CNN‐based (single‐frame) models. Using the Inception_Resnet_V2 architecture as the backbone, CarpNet achieved 71% accuracy in the test dataset. Deep learning and transformers in echocardiographic videos can render quick, precise, and stable evaluations of various MV pathologies.
Er:YAG laser‐assisted comprehensive periodontal pocket therapy for residual periodontal pocket treatment: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Aoki Akira , Mizutani Koji , Mikami Risako , Ohsugi Yujin , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Akizuki Tatsuya , Taniguchi Yoichi , Takeuchi Yasuo , Katagiri Sayaka , Sasaki Yoshiyuki , Komaki Motohiro , Meinzer Walter , Izumi Yuichi , Iwata Takanori
Published: April 2023

Background

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a novel pocket therapy (Er:YAG laser‐assisted comprehensive periodontal pocket therapy [Er‐LCPT]) for residual pocket treatment, compared with conventional mechanical treatment alone, in a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Methods

Two sites in 18 patients having residual periodontal pockets of ≥5 mm depth, extant following initial active therapy, or during supportive therapy, were randomized into two groups in a split mouth design: the control group received scaling and root planing (SRP) by curette, and the test group received Er‐LCPT using curette and laser. With Er‐LCPT, after root debridement, inflamed connective tissue on the inner gingival surface and on the bone surface/within extant bone defects was thoroughly debrided. Furthermore, removal of proximate oral epithelium and coagulation of the blood clot in the pocket entrance were performed with laser. Clinical parameters were evaluated, before and after treatment, through 12 months.

Results

Both groups showed significant improvements in clinical parameters. With Er‐LCPT, pocket debridement was thoroughly and safely performed, without any adverse side effects and complications, and favorable healing was observed in most of the cases. At 12 months, Er‐LCPT demonstrated significantly higher probing pocket depth reduction (2.78 mm vs. 1.89 mm on average; p = 0.012, Wilcoxon signed‐rank test), clinical attachment gain (1.67 mm vs. 1.06 mm; p = 0.004) as primary outcomes, and reduced BOP value (0.89 vs. 0.56; p = 0.031), compared with SRP alone.

Conclusion

The results of this study indicate that Er‐LCPT is more effective for residual pocket treatment, compared with SRP alone.
Efficacy of Septoplasty in Patients with Nasal Obstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Alessandri‐Bonetti Mario , Costantino Andrea , Cottone Giuseppe , Carbonaro Riccardo , Cardone Federica , Amendola Francesco , De Virgilio Armando , Robotti Enrico , Persichetti Paolo , Vaienti Luca
Published: April 2023

Objective

Septoplasty is the most frequently performed ENT surgery to correct nasal septal deviation (NSD). The present study aimed to quantify the effectiveness of septoplasty with or without turbinate surgery according to NOSE questionnaire scores, with the hypothesis that it is able to clinically improve patient‐reported nasal obstructive symptoms in the post‐operative follow‐up.

Methods

An electronic search was performed on PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane Library. The primary outcome was the change in NOSE score at 6 months after surgery. It was assessed with the mean difference (MD) between baseline and postoperative results.

Results

A total of 2577 patients (males: 65.1%, 95% CI: 59.9–70.2) with a mean age of 33.3 years (n = 1456, 95% CI: 30.4–36.2) were included in this meta‐analysis. The pooled baseline NOSE mean score was 68.1 (n = 2577, 95% CI: 64.3–71.9). The pooled MD in NOSE score at 6‐months follow‐up compared to baseline was −48.8 (n = 1730, 95% CI: −54.6 to −42.9).

Conclusions

Functional septoplasty with or without turbinate surgery shows a critical improvement of obstructive symptoms and quality of life according to the validated NOSE score.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 133:3237–3246, 2023
Conductive Hydrogel Scaffolds for the 3D Localization and Orientation of Fibroblasts
Authors: Tringides Christina M. , Mooney David J.
Published: April 2023

Dermal wounds and their healing are a collection of complex, multistep processes which are poorly recapitulated by existing 2D in vitro platforms. Biomaterial scaffolds that support the 3D growth of cell cultures can better resemble the native dermal environment, while bioelectronics has been used as a tool to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. A porous conductive hydrogel scaffold which mimics the properties of dermis, while promoting the viability and growth of fibroblasts is described. As these scaffolds are also electrically conductive, the application of exogenous electrical stimulation directs the migration of cells across and/or through the material. The mechanical properties of the scaffold, as well as the amplitude and/or duration of the electrical pulses, are independently tunable and further influence the resulting fibroblast networks. This biomaterial platform may enable better recapitulation of wound healing and can be utilized to develop and screen therapeutic interventions.
Risk of antidepressant initiation among users of cardiovascular agents and metformin.
Authors: Bojanić Ivana , Bjerkeset Ottar , Williams Lana J. , Berk Michael , Bjørngaard Johan Håkon , Sund Erik R. , Sletvold Hege
Published: April 2023

Cardiovascular disease and diabetes are risk factors for depression, yet the relationship between the drug treatments for these diseases and the risk of antidepressant initiation remains unclear. This study aimed to examine possible associations between the use of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), beta‐blockers (BB), calcium channel blockers (CCB), diuretics, or metformin and risk of antidepressant initiation. The Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT3), Norway, was linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database (NorPD). Participants with no prescriptions of cardiovascular agents, metformin, or antidepressants for at least 6 months before HUNT3 (baseline) were eligible and followed for 10 years. The exposure was the use of cardiovascular agents or metformin, defined as mono‐ or polytherapy from baseline to end of follow‐up. The outcome was the initiation of antidepressant use, indicated by the first drug dispensation during the study period and expressed as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among 20 227 adults aged 40–70 years at baseline, we observed different associations between cardiovascular agents or metformin and the risk of antidepressant initiation. ARBs or CCB monotherapy was associated with a lower risk of initiating antidepressant use (HR 0.70; 95%CI 0.56–0.88 and HR 0.81; 95%CI 0.61–1.06, respectively) compared to no use of any drugs included in the study (reference). Reduced risk of antidepressant initiation was among ASA or statin polytherapy users, whereas there was a small increased risk among participants on ASA monotherapy. In contrast, there was no statistical evidence of associations between ACEI, BB, diuretics, or metformin and increased or decreased risk of antidepressant initiation. Our mixed findings indicate the possibility that some cardiovascular agents may be associated with a reduced risk of initiating antidepressant use while others may not. However, bias due to the limitations of the study design is possible.
Failure to tolerate continuous subcutaneous treprostinil in pediatric pulmonary hypertension patients
Authors: McSweeney Julia , Colglazier Elizabeth , Becerra Jasmine , Leary Brienne , Miller‐Reed Kathleen , Walker Stephen , Tillman Katy , Magness Melissa , Ogawa Michelle , Bannon Whitney , Kivett Tisha , Jackson Emma O. , Davis Anne , Shepard Cathy , Richards Susan , Whalen Elise , Engstrand Shannon , DiPasquale Zachary , Connor Jean A.
Published: April 2023

Continuous subcutaneous (SubQ) treprostinil is an effective therapy for pediatric patients diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension (PH). To date, the clinical characteristics and factors associated with failure to tolerate this therapy have not been described. The purpose was to describe patient‐reported factors contributing to SubQ treprostinil intolerance in pediatric patients with PH. A retrospective descriptive study was performed at 11 participating sites in the United States and Canada for patients younger than 21 years of age diagnosed with PH who failed treatment to tolerate SubQ treprostinil between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2019. All data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Forty‐one patients met the inclusion criteria. The average age at SQ treprostinil initiation, and length of treatment, was 8.6 years and 22.6 months, respectively. The average maximum dose, concentration, and rate were 95.8 ng/kg/min, 6.06 mg/mL, and 0.040 mL/h, respectively. The reasons for failure to tolerate SubQ treprostinil included intractable site pain (73.2%), frequent site changes (56.1%), severe site reactions (53.7%), infections (26.8%), and noncompliance/depression/anxiety (17.1%). Thirty‐nine (95.1%) patients transitioned to a prostacyclin therapy with 23 patients transitioning to intravenous prostacyclin, 5 to inhaled prostacyclin, 5 to oral prostacyclin, and 7 to a prostacyclin receptor agonist. A subset of pediatric PH patients failed to tolerate SubQ treprostinil infusions despite advances in SubQ site maintenance and pain management strategies. Intractable site pain, frequent SubQ site changes, and severe localized skin reactions were the most common reasons for failure.
Crystal and morphology development in immiscible nonpolar polymer blend nanocomposite based on low‐density polyethylene and linear low‐density polyethylene in presence of clay and compatibilizer
Authors: Khederlou Khadijeh , Eslamian Mohammadjavad , Shojaei Akbar , Bagheri Reza , Tamsilian Yousef
Published: April 2023

In this work, polyolefin‐blend/clay nanocomposites based on low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE), and organically modified clay (OC) were prepared by melt extrusion. Various grades of maleic anhydride (MA) grafted polyethylene (PE‐g‐MA) were used and examined as compatibilizers in these nanocomposites. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis showed that OC and compatibilizer affect the crystallization behavior of LDPE/LLDPE with different mechanisms. Thermodynamic calculations of wetting coefficient based on interfacial energy between OC, LD, and LL, Morphological characterization based on field emission scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, small angles X‐ray scattering, and dynamic rheology measurements revealed that the compatibilizer and OC were localized at the interface of LDPE and LLDPE phases with a preferred tendency toward one phase. Results demonstrated that at a specific amount of OC, there is an optimum compatibilizer concentration to achieve nanodispersed OC and beyond that the compatibilizer causes a structural change in the polymer crystalline morphology. It was also found that the tensile property enhancement of LDPE/LLDPE/OC nanocomposites is closely related to the crystalline structure development made by incorporation of both OC and compatibilizer.
Tense Logic Based on Finite Orthomodular Posets
Authors: Chajda Ivan , Länger Helmut
Published: April 2023

It is widely accepted that the logic of quantum mechanics is based on orthomodular posets. However, such a logic is not dynamic in the sense that it does not incorporate time dimension. To fill this gap, we introduce certain tense operators on such a logic in an inexact way, but still satisfying requirements asked on tense operators in the classical logic based on Boolean algebras or in various non-classical logics. Our construction of tense operators works perfectly when the orthomodular poset in question is finite. We investigate the behaviour of these tense operators, e.g. we show that some of them form a dynamic pair. Moreover, we prove that if the tense operators preserve one of the inexact connectives conjunction or implication as defined by the authors recently in another paper, then they also preserve the other one. Finally, we show how to construct the binary relation of time preference on a given time set provided the tense operators are given, up to equivalence induced by natural quasi-orders.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater in Thailand: occurrence, source identification and spatial distribution
Authors: Hongkachok C. , Boontanon S. K. , Boontanon N. , Sukeesan S. , Polprasert C. , Fujii S.
Published: April 2023

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances have the potential to leach into groundwater, particularly in areas with potential pollution sources, such as landfills. The composition and distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, as well as soil characteristics, are particularly useful for identifying the sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. The objectives of the present study were to characterise per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance levels in groundwater in Thailand, identify their potential sources and highlight their spatial distribution. Groundwater samples were collected in areas hosting municipal and industrial waste disposal sites. Seven Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances were extracted from the groundwater samples using the solid-phase extraction technique and analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. These samples contain mostly perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate, with the highest concentrations of 34.96 and 25.88 ng L–1, respectively, obtained from industrial waste disposal site areas. The presence of perfluorohexane sulfonate in most samples from industrial waste disposal site areas suggests its usage as a substitute for perfluorooctane sulfonate-based products. In addition to waste disposal, hierarchical cluster analysis reveals that other sources likely influence the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater in Thailand. Livestock farming and ponds near groundwater wells probably impact per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances levels in the associated groundwater. The spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances shows that in addition to waste disposal sources, soil characteristics and interactions between their negatively charged components and cations in soils significantly influence the contamination of groundwater in the areas studied.
Personalized Bayesian optimization for noisy problems
Authors: Wang Xilu , Jin Yaochu
Published: April 2023

In many real-world applications of interest, several related optimization tasks can be encountered, where each task is associated with a specific context or personalized information. Moreover, the amount of available data for each task may be highly limited due to the expensive cost involved. Although Bayesian optimization (BO) has emerged as a promising paradigm for handling black-box optimization problems, addressing such a sequence of optimization tasks can be intractable due to the cold start issues in BO. The key challenge is to speed up the optimization by leveraging the transferable information, while taking the personalization into consideration. In this paper, optimization problems with personalized variables are formally defined at first. Subsequently, a personalized evolutionary Bayesian algorithm is proposed to consider the personalized information and the measurement noise. Specifically, a contextual Gaussian process is used to jointly learn a surrogate model in different contexts with regard to the varying personalized parameter, and an evolutionary algorithm is tailored for optimizing an acquisition function for handling the presence of personalized information. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm by testing it on widely used single- and multi-objective benchmark problems with personalized variables.
Trend analysis of hydro-climate variables in the Jemma sub-basin of Upper Blue Nile (Abbay) Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Lebeza Tadele Melese , Gashaw Temesgen , Tefera Gebrekidan Worku , Mohammed Jemal Ali
Published: April 2023

The change in climate elements such as rainfall and temperature are determinant factors of hydrological components (e.g., streamflow, water yield, evapotranspiration). Thus, understanding the trends of hydro-climate variables are imperative for planning water resources management measures. This study examines the trends of precipitation and temperature (1980–2014) as well as streamflow (1990–2008) changes in the Jemma sub-basin of the Upper Blue Nile (Abbay) Basin. A homogeneity test was performed for pre-processing data to inspect the statistical nature of data homogeneity viz., Pettitt’s, SNHT, Buishand range test, and Von Neumann test (VNT). The Mann–Kendall (MK) test, Modified Mann–Kendall (MMK) test, Sen’s slope estimator, and Innovative trend analysis (ITA) were applied to compute the existence of trend and the magnitude of change at an annual timescale. In a nutshell, the study portrays a change in the trends of hydro-climate variables when using different statistical tests. The result showed that the mean annual temperature in many stations depicted upward trends. There is a significant increasing trend (p < 0.05) by 0.029 °C per year in the mean annual temperature of all climatic stations. Based on Sen’s slope estimator, the annual precipitation and streamflow were increased by 1.781 mm/year and 0.085 m3/s, respectively. But no significant trends were detected in precipitation and streamflow when using Sen’s slope estimator test. The results of this study are worthwhile for evaluating the trends of hydro-climatic variables in other areas of Ethiopia in particular and elsewhere in the world in general, which are fundamental for planning water resource management measures.
Intubation practices and outcomes for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19: a national observational study by the Canadian COVID-19 Emergency Department Rapid Response Network (CCEDRRN)
Authors: Leeies Murdoch , Rosychuk Rhonda J. , Ismath Muzeen , Xu Ke , Archambault Patrick , Fok Patrick T. , Audet Thomas , Jelic Tomislav , Hayward Jake , Daoust Raoul , Chandra Kavish , Davis Phil , Yan Justin W. , Hau Jeffrey P. , Welsford Michelle , Brooks Steven C. , Hohl Corinne M. ,   The Canadian COVID-19 Emergency Department Rapid Response Network (CCEDRRN) investigators for the Network of Canadian Emergency Researchers, the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group
Published: April 2023

Objective

Intubation practices changed during the COVID-19 pandemic to protect healthcare workers from transmission of disease. Our objectives were to describe intubation characteristics and outcomes for patients tested for SARS CoV-2 infection. We compared outcomes between patients testing SARS COV-2 positive with those testing negative.

Methods

We conducted a health records review using the Canadian COVID-19 Emergency Department Rapid Response Network (CCEDRRN) registry. We included consecutive eligible patients who presented to one of 47 EDs across Canada between March 1, 2020 and June 20, 2021, were tested for SARS-CoV-2 and intubated in the ED. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients experiencing a post-intubation adverse event during the ED stay. Secondary outcomes included first-pass success, intubation practices, and hospital mortality. We used descriptive statistics to summarize variables with subgroup differences examined using t tests, z tests, or chi-squared tests where appropriate with 95% CIs.

Results

Of 1720 patients with suspected COVID-19 who were intubated in the ED during the study period, 337 (19.6%) tested SARS-CoV-2 positive and 1383 (80.4%) SARS-CoV-2 negative. SARS-CoV-2 positive patients presented to hospital with lower oxygen levels than SARS-CoV-2 negative patients (mean pulse oximeter SaO2 86 vs 94%, p < 0.001). In total, 8.5% of patients experienced an adverse event post-intubation. More patients in the SARS-CoV-2 positive subgroup experienced post-intubation hypoxemia (4.5 vs 2.2%, p = 0.019). In-hospital mortality was greater for patients who experienced intubation-related adverse events (43.2 vs 33.2%, p = 0.018). There was no significant difference in adverse event-associated mortality by SARS-CoV-2 status. First-pass success was achieved in 92.4% of all intubations, with no difference by SARS-CoV-2 status.

Conclusions

During the COVID-19 pandemic, we observed a low risk of adverse events associated with intubation, even though hypoxemia was common in patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2. We observed high rates of first-pass success and low rates of inability to intubate. The limited number of adverse events precluded multivariate adjustments. Study findings should reassure emergency medicine practitioners that system modifications made to intubation processes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic do not appear to be associated with worse outcomes compared to pre-COVID-19 practices.
Lift alleviation in travelling vortical gusts
Authors: Qian Y. , Wang Z. , Gursul I.
Published: April 2023

Lift alleviation by a mini-spoiler on aerofoils, unswept and swept wings encountering an isolated counter-clockwise vortical gust was investigated by means of force and velocity measurements. The flow separation region behind the spoiler remains little affected during the gust encounter. The maximum lift reduction is found for the static stall angle of attack. The change in the maximum lift during the gust encounter is approximately equal to that in steady freestream. The comparison with plunging aerofoils reveals that, for the same maximum gust and plunge velocity, the effectiveness of the mini-spoiler is much better in travelling gusts. This reveals the importance of the streamwise length scale of the incident gust. For the unswept wing, there is some three-dimensionality of the flow separation induced by the mini-spoiler near the wing tip. The magnitude of the lift reduction can be estimated using the aerofoil data and by making an aspect ratio correction for the reduced effective angle of attack. For the swept wing, the mini-spoiler can disrupt the formation of a leading-edge vortex induced by the incident vortex on the clean wing and can still reduce the maximum lift.
Describing current use, barriers, and facilitators of patient portal messaging for research recruitment: Perspectives from study teams and patients at one institution
Authors: Miller Hailey N. , Lindo Sierra , Fish Laura J. , Roberts Jamie , Stover John , Schwark Earl H. , Eberlein Nicholas , Mack Dalia , Falkovic Margaret , Makarushka Christina , Chatterjee Ranee
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

The electronic health record (EHR) and patient portal are used increasingly for clinical research, including patient portal recruitment messaging (PPRM). Use of PPRM has grown rapidly; however, best practices are still developing. In this study, we examined the use of PPRM at our institution and conducted qualitative interviews among study teams and patients to understand experiences and preferences for PPRM.

Methods:

We identified study teams that sent PPRMs and patients that received PPRMs in a 60-day period. We characterized these studies and patients, in addition to the patients’ interactions with the PPRMs (e.g., viewed, responded). From these groups, we recruited study team members and patients for semi-structured interviews. A pragmatic qualitative inquiry framework was used by interviewers. Interviews were audio-recorded and analyzed using a rapid qualitative analysis exploratory approach.

Results:

Across ten studies, 35,037 PPRMs were sent, 33% were viewed, and 17% were responded to. Interaction rates varied across demographic groups. Six study team members completed interviews and described PPRM as an efficient and helpful recruitment method. Twenty-eight patients completed interviews. They were supportive of receiving PPRMs, particularly when the PPRM was relevant to their health. Patients indicated that providing more information in the PPRM would be helpful, in addition to options to set personalized preferences.

Conclusions:

PPRM is an efficient recruitment method for study teams and is acceptable to patients. Engagement with PPRMs varies across demographic groups, which should be considered during recruitment planning. Additional research is needed to evaluate and implement recommended changes by study teams and patients.
Dumbfounded by the Facts? Understanding the Moral Psychology of Sexual Relationships
Authors: Kronqvist Camilla , Elgabsi Natan
Published: April 2023

One of the standard examples in contemporary moral psychology originates in the works of social psychologist Jonathan Haidt. He treats people's responses to the story of Julie and Mark, two siblings who decide to have casual, consensual, protected sex, as facts of human morality, providing evidence for his social intuitionist approach to moral judgements. We argue that Haidt's description of the facts of the story and the reactions of the respondents as ‘morally dumbfounded’ presupposes a view about moral reasoning that is more substantial than he acknowledges. Drawing on the philosophical work by Iris Murdoch and Cora Diamond, we explore how different descriptions of human morality, sexuality, and family relations engage us in evaluations about distinctive features of human life and language that go deeper than Haidt envisages. Thus, we show the need to attend to the concepts used to describe the facts of human moral psychology and the pictures of morality these concepts reveal about the researcher's own understanding of moral experience. This points to the particular responsibility any researcher into human moral psychology has for ensuring that the descriptions they offer are attuned to the complexities of the lives of those they form theories about and that these do not appear conceptually confounding.
The Perils of Rejecting the Parity Argument
Authors: Zhou Yili , Borchert Rhys
Published: April 2023

Many moral error theorists reject moral realism on the grounds that moral realism implies the existence of categorical normativity, yet categorical normativity does not exist. Call this the Metaphysical Argument. In response, some moral realists have emphasized a parity between moral normativity and epistemic normativity. They argue that if one kind of normativity is rejected, then both must be rejected. Therefore, one cannot be a moral error theorist without also being an epistemic error theorist. Call this the Parity Argument. In this paper, we address three possible responses to the Parity Argument from moral error theorists: (1) accept the parity but still reject epistemic error theory, (2) reject the parity, (3) accept the parity and defend epistemic error theory. We argue that there are problems with each of these responses, so the Parity Argument stands as a strong counterargument to the Metaphysical Argument. We conclude by drawing some lessons for any future challenges to the Parity Argument.
How cultural framing can bias our beliefs about robots and artificial intelligence
Authors: Stibel Jeff M. , Barrett H. Clark
Published: April 2023

Clark and Fischer argue that humans treat social artifacts as depictions. In contrast, theories of distributed cognition suggest that there is no clear line separating artifacts from agents, and artifacts can possess agency. The difference is likely a result of cultural framing. As technology and artificial intelligence grow more sophisticated, the distinction between depiction and agency will blur.
Abandoning inauthentic intersectionality
Authors: Tripp Alayo
Published: April 2023

In the time since the term “intersectionality” was first introduced by Kimberlé Crenshaw, the term has gained a measure of widespread, even viral popularity. Increasingly, psycholinguists are citing this concept to promote work which more fully engages with the consequences of human diversity for language processing. This piece discusses the ways in which “intersectionality” has thus far been engaged by the field of psycholinguistics. I argue that the common usage of the term “intersectionality” is notably out of step with the tradition of Black feminist scholarship from which it derives. Originally defined as an analytical framework for examining the effect of interlocking oppressions in erasing the distinctive experiences of multiply marginalized people, intersectionality should not be invoked without any serious and specific discussion of oppressive systems or erasure. To achieve a more just and equitable applied psycholinguistics and authentically promote intersectional approaches to understanding language behavior, intersectionality must be taken as a framework primarily engaging with effects of structural violence. The article concludes with some guidelines for readers to assist in distinguishing “intersectional” claims which perform erasure from those which reflect the original and intended anti-misogynoir applications of the theory.
River Delta Morphotypes Emerge From Multiscale Characterization of Shorelines
Authors: Vulis L. , Tejedor A. , Ma H. , Nienhuis J. H. , Broaddus C. M. , Brown J. , Edmonds D. A. , Rowland J. C. , Foufoula‐Georgiou E.
Published: April 2023

Delta shoreline structure has long been hypothesized to encode information on the relative influence of fluvial, wave, and tidal processes on delta formation and evolution. We introduce here a novel multiscale characterization of shorelines by defining three process‐informed morphological metrics. We show that this characterization yields self‐emerging classes of morphologically similar deltas, that is, delta morphotypes, and also predicts the dominant forcing of each morphotype. Then we show that the dominant forcings inferred from shoreline structure generally align with those estimated via relative sediment fluxes, while positing that misalignments arise from spatiotemporal heterogeneity in deltaic sediment fluxes not captured in their estimates. The proposed framework for shoreline characterization advances our quantitative understanding of how shoreline features reflect delta forcings, and may aid in deciphering paleoclimate from images of ancient deposits and projecting delta morphologic response to changes in sediment fluxes.
Crustal Anatexis and Initiation of the Continental‐Scale Chongshan Strike‐Slip Shear Zone on the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Li Wenyuan , Cao Shuyun , Dong Yanlong , Zhan Lefan , Tao Lirong
Published: April 2023

Continental‐scale strike‐slip shear zones often record significant tectono‐magmatism and dynamic deformation processes of the crustal lithosphere. However, the genetic relationships and timing among the anatexis, deformation, and initial shearing along a strike‐slip shear zone have not been well defined. Here, we carried out detailed field, microstructural, zircon U–Pb geochronology, geochemical and EBSD texture analyses of leucogranites and migmatites in the Chongshan shear zone (CS‐SZ). The results indicate that most migmatites and leucogranites exhibit strong shear deformation and well‐developed high‐temperature mylonitic microstructures. The quartz aggregated from foliated leucogranites developed dominant high‐temperature prism  and prism  slip systems. The pre‐ and syn‐kinematic crustal anatexis and localized weak zone mainly occurred from 35 to 29 Ma along the CS‐SZ, which is closely related to the post‐collisional extension and collapse of overthickened crust. Biotite dehydration melting formed pre‐ and syn‐kinematic melts and leucogranites that further experienced fractional crystallization of plagioclase and K‐feldspar during melting and subsequent melt migration and emplacement upward along the tectonic weak zone. The thinning and weakening of lithospheric crust further facilitated the initial and formation strike‐slip displacement along the CS‐SZ, which occurred from 29 to 20 Ma or much later to 18 Ma. Finally, we propose that crustal anatexis and upward migrating melts play a key role in controlling the thermal state and rheological strength of the crust, resulting in nucleation and initiation of the localized deep‐seated shear zone that accommodates significant displacement for the India–Asia continental forward collision and intracontinental deformation.