bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leptin, soluble leptin receptor, and free leptin index in patients with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Smirnova Elena N. , Shulkina Sofia G.
Published: June 2017

Aim. To assess the levels of leptin, its soluble receptor, and index of the formation of free leptin in metabolic syndrome (MS).

Materials and methods. The study included 110 individuals with obesity and overweight. The group 1 consisted of 70 patients with MS (IDF, 2005), the average body mass index (BMI) 38.4 4.4 kg/m2, aged 48.2 2.4 years, with arterial hypertension (AH) 12 degree, without regular antihypertensive therapy. Group 2 "healthy" obesity accounted for 40 patients aged 38.4 6.2 years, BMI 36.0 5.5 kg/m2 without hypertension and metabolic disorders. Group 3 consisted of 30 healthy persons, BMI 27.1 1.3 kg/m2. All patients were evaluated for insulin, HOMA index, leptin, leptin receptor, leptin free index (calculated as the ratio of leptin (ng/ml) to the leptin receptor (ng/ml), multiplied by 100).

Results: In patients with MS as compared to other two groups there were higher levels of HOMA IR index, leptin and free leptin index. Values of leptin receptor in groups 1 and 2 did not differ significantly and were lower than in healthy persons. The free leptin index was significantly higher in MS group relative to the group 2 and 15 times higher than in the healthy individuals. Free leptin index correlated with values of BMI (R = 0.32; p = 0.02), blood pressure (R = 0.3; p = 0.04), uric acid (R = 0.27; p = 0.04), triglycerides (R = 0.42; p = 0.02), index HOMA-IR (R = 0.45; p = 0.02).

Conclusions:

Reduction of soluble leptin receptor, depending on the degree of abdominal obesity, may cause progression of leptin resistance in patients with MS.

The levels of leptin and soluble leptin receptor appears to have dramatical gender differences.

Calculation of free leptin index should be used for the objective evaluation of leptin resistance, regardless of gender, degree of obesity, and other metabolic parameters.
Reseña: Radiografía del nuevo campo argentino. Del terrateniente al empresario transnacional
Authors: Cordoba Maria Soledad
Published: June 2017

-
Biological Treatment Of Simulated Humic Acid Wasre Water In A Laboratory Scale Aerobic Reactor
Authors: Yunardi Yunardi
Published: June 2017

A laboratory study was  conducted to determine the feasibility of activated sludge reactor for treating humic acid waste waterand examine the effect of the presence of glucose as the second carbon source on treatment performance. Activated sludge obtained from a waste water treatment plant treating domestic wastewater was used as a seed for reactors. Synthetic wastewater containing humid acid as the sole carbon source and glucose as the second carbon source were used as feeds for the reactors operated in a fill-and-draw mode. The result showed  tht the presence of glucose in the wastewater enhanced the production of higher MLSS (mixed liquor suspended solids) than that without of glucose. The TOC (Total Organic Carbon) concentration in both reactors fluctuated greatly until the end of the experiment due to inability of keeping the input TOC at desired level. However the decrease in TOC suggested that there are some microorganisms capable of degrading the humic acid. Addition of glucose to the simulated humic acid wastewater improved the capability of microbes in degrading the acids. Most ammonium nitrogen in the wastewater was converted to nitrate nitrogen. Although the performance was lower compared to that of conventional system, activated sludge process was capable of degrading wastewater containing humic acids.Keywords : activated sludge, ammonium nitrogen, fill and draw, glucose, humic acid, wastewater
Prediction Of Solubility Of Solid N-Paraffins In Supercritical Fluids Using Modified Redlich-Kwong Equation Of State
Authors: Ratnawati Ratnawati
Published: June 2017

Three equation of state are used to predict solubilities of solid n-pafaffins in supercritical fluids. The equations are the Redlich-Kwong, the Soave-Redlich-Kwong, and equation proposed by Hartono et.al. (2003; 2004). Both the last two equations were formed by modificating the Redlich-Kwong equqtion of state. With the binary interactions parameter, kif , equals zero, the equations proposed by Hartono et.al. is better than both the Redlich-Kwong and the Soave-Redlich-Kwong equations of state are. Upon optimization with kif as the adjustable parameter, the equation of state proposed by Hartono et.al. is closer to the experimental data than the other equqtions are. For 142 data points of 12 systems the equation proposed by Hartono et. Al. gives the average deviation of 36.6%, while the Redlich-Kwong and the Soave-Redlich-Kwong give 66.7% and 65.8%, respectively.Keywords : equation of state, solubility, supercritical
Ekstraksi Asam Tartrat Dan Asam Malat : Pengaruh Tri (6-Methyl) Amin Sebagai Extracting Power Dalam Berbagai Solven Terhadap Koefisien Distribusi
Authors: Jos B.
Published: June 2017

Limbah buangan industri minuman anggur masih mengandung asam tartrat dan asam malat. Dengan mereduksi kadar asam tartrat dan asam malat di dalam limbah akan mengurangi polusi yang ditimbulkan. Kemungkinan pengambilan kembali asam-asam ini dengan cara ekstraksi cair-cair telah berkembang. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan Tri (6-Methyl) Amin sebagai extracting power dalam berbagai solven seperti Hexanol-1; Chloroform, campuran Heptan (50%vol) + hexanol-1 (50%v); dan 2,6 DIMETHYL-4 Heptanon. Harga koefisien distribusi untuk masing-masing asam ditentukan berdasarkan konsentrasi amin dalam solven berkisar antara 0,1 sampai 0,8 mol amin per liter larutan. Koefisien distribusi asam tartrat yang diperoleh pada berbagai solven berkisar antara 2,5- 165,1; sedangakan untuk asam malat antara 1,7- 73,9. Dengan besarnya harga koefisien distribusi untuk masing-masing asam yang diperoleh Tri (6-Methyl) Amin sebagai extracting power dalam solven dapat digunakan untuk mengekstrak asam tartrat dan asam malat.Kata kunci : eksraksi cair-cair, asam tartrat, asam malat, amin
Perpindahan Panas Dan Massa Penguapan Falling Film Campuran Uap-Gas Methanol-Air Arah Berlawanan
Authors: Budhikarjono K. , Susianto Susianto , Soewarno N.
Published: June 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh adanya aliran gas/udara terhadap koefisien perpindahan panas dan massa dalam falling film evaporator untuk sistem larutan campuran biner, dan memperoleh persamaan empiris koefisien perpindahan panas dan massa. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan kolom tegak  sepanjang 2 meter dan diameter 2,8 cm. larutan methanol-air dan udara panas dialirkan pada kolom dengan aliran berlawanan arah. Laju alir cairan 20-160 l/jam, konsentrasi umpan sebesar 10-50% methanol dan laju alir gas 0- 2,16 standar m3/jam. Harga yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa koefisien perpindahan panas dipengaruhi oleh laju alir umpan dan konsentrasi larutan. Semakin esar laju alir umpan, semkin besar koefisien perpindahan panas, semakin besar konsentrasi larutan, semakin kecil koefisien perpindahan massa. Koefisien perpindahan massa yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 5,6 – 9 Kw/ m2.K dan koefisien perpindahan massa yang dihasilkan berkisar antara 1,06- 2,73 . 10-4 m/detik untuk kisaran NRE,l 1800-6000 dab NRE,g 0-2000.Kata kunci : falling film evaporator, koefisien perpindahan panas, koefisien perpindahan massa
Stadtbücherei Hilden – Bibliothek des Jahres 2016
Authors: Büchel Claudia
Published: June 2017

„Der Deutsche Bibliotheksverband (dbv) verleiht der Stadtbücherei Hilden den Preis ‚Bibliothek des Jahres 2016‘. [...] Mit [ihr] wird eine Bibliothek geehrt, die sich in den letzten Jahren konzeptionell völlig neu aufgestellt hat. Das Kundeninteresse immer im Mittelpunkt der Arbeit, sie durchläuft mittels eines zertifizierten Qualitätsmanagement-Systems einen kontinuierlichen Verbesserungsprozess. [...] Die Stadtbücherei Hilden ist in ihrer digitalen Kommunikation und Ausstattung vorbildlich.“ (Auszug aus der Urkunde des dbv am 23. Oktober 2016)Die langjährige Zusammenarbeit mit örtlichen Schulen und Kindertageseinrichtungen, die Einbindung von Ehrenämtlern, ein umfangreiches Veranstaltungsangebot, gezielte Angebote für Flüchtlinge und ein engagiertes und motiviertes Team sind weitere Erfolgsfaktoren.
ОЦІНКА ЯК ЕЛЕМЕНТ МЕТОДУ БУХГАЛТЕРСЬКОГО ОБЛІКУ
Authors: Vasilieva L.N. , Bondarchuk N.V.
Published: June 2017

В статті досліджено, що поняття оцінки є фундаментальним в економіці, особливо в сучасних ринкових умовах. Оцінка, поряд з такими елементами як документація, інвентаризація, рахунки і подвійний запис, баланс і звітність формує метод бухгалтерського обліку. Зазначено що елементи методу бухгалтерського обліку по відношенню до оцінки можна класифікувати за такими ознаками: ті, що впливають на оцінку, а саме: документація та інвентаризація; ті, що перебувають під впливом оцінки, а саме: рахунки і подвійний запис, бухгалтерський баланс і звітність.
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of endodontic intracanal medications
Authors: Tonea Andrada , Badea Mandra , Oana Liviu , Sava Sorina , Vodnar Dan
Published: June 2017

Background and aims. The sterilization of the entire root canal system represents the main goal of every endodontist, given the fact that the control of the microbial flora is the key point of every root canal treatment. The diversity of microorganisms found inside the root canal and also the resistance of some bacterial species to intracanal medications led to a continuous development of new endodontic products. The present study focuses on the comparison of the antibacterial and antifungal properties of different endodontic products, two commercially available, one experimental plant based extract, and two control substances.Methods. The disc diffusion assay was used to determine the antibacterial and antifungal properties of chlorhexidine, calcium hydroxide, a mix extract between Arctium lappa root powder and Aloe barbadensis Miller gel, Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and Fluconazole (as control substances). Two of the most common microorganisms found in endodontic infections were chosen: Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) and Candida albicans ATCC(10231).Results. All tested substances showed inhibition zones around the discs, for Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans, including the experimental mix extract of Arctium lappa root powder with Aloe vera gel.Conclusion. The experimental mix extract of Arctium lappa root powder and Aloe vera gel is able to inhibit very resistant microorganisms, like Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans.
MORVAN SYNDROME: A RARE CAUSE OF SYNDROME OF INAPPROPRIATE ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE SECRETION
Authors: Demirbas Seref , Aykan Musa Baris , Zengin Haydar , Mazman Semir , Saglam Kenan
Published: June 2017

The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) accounts for an important part of hyponatremia cases. The causes of SIADH can be detected almost always. As a rare disorder, Morvan Syndrome can be defined by the sum of peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, autonomic instability and neuropsychiatric features. Antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels (Anti – VGKC-Ab) including contactin associated protein-like 2 antibodies (CASPR2-Ab) and leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein 1 antibodies (LGI1-Ab) were previously known for the potential association with this condition. We present a Morvan Syndrome in a patient who presented with various neuropsychiatric symptoms and SIADH.
The bicentennial of the stethoscope: a reappraisal
Authors: David Liliana , Dumitrascu Dan L.
Published: June 2017

Background and aim. Two hundred years ago Laennec, a young French physician discovered the stethoscope, in order to improve the lung auscultation. The stethoscope became the emblematic appendix of the physicians. Nurses use it also to monitor patients and medical students are proud to use it. We critically review the significance of the stethoscope 200 years after its discovery.Methods. Pertinent literature was searched on PubMed and Google about the stethoscope, using also other terms: auscultation, Laennec, medical education, clinical diagnosis. Data were collected in a narrative review.Results. Two centuries after its invention, the stethoscope still remains a major tool in the hands of healthcare professionals. It is routinely used by medical doctors and has become a mark of their status. Nurses use it also to monitor heart rate and blood pressure. Medical students get familiarized to use it during the medical faculty. Patients perceive the stethoscope as an important symbol of the medical profession.Conclusions. Two hundred years ago the stethoscope was invented by Laennec. Despite the advent of X rays, CT, ECG, echocardiography and more recently of the electronic stethoscope, the classical stethoscope invented by Laennec still has its major role in the representation of healthcare providers and is a major utility in clinical diagnosis.
Glutathione content in sperm cells of infertile men
Authors: Fafula R. V. , Onufrovych O. K. , Iefremova U. P. , Melnyk O. V. , Nakonechnyi I. A. , Vorobets D. Z. , Vorobets Z. D.
Published: June 2017

Hyperproduction of reactive oxygen species can damage sperm cells and is considered to be one of the mechanisms of male infertility. Cell protection from the damaging effects of free radicals and lipid peroxidation products is generally determined by the degree of antioxidant protection. Glutathione is non-enzymatic antioxidant which plays an important protective role against oxidative damages and lipid peroxidation. The aim of the present work is to determine the content of reduced and oxidized glutathione in sperm cells of infertile men. Semen samples from 20 fertile men (normozoospermics) and 72 infertile patients (12 oligozoospermics, 17 asthenozoospermics, 10 oligoasthenozoosper­mics and 33 leucocytospermic) were used. The total, oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) glutathione levels were measured spectrophotometrically. The levels of total glutathione were significantly lower in the spermatozoa of patients with oligozoo-, asthenozoo- and oligoasthenozoospermia than in the control. Infertile groups showed signiﬁcantly decreased values of reduced glutathione in sperm cells vs. fertile men, indicating an alteration of oxidative status. The oxidized glutathione levels in sperm cells of infertile men did not differ from those of normozoospermic men with proven fertility. The GSH/GSSG ratio was signiﬁcantly decreased in the oligo-, astheno- and oligoasthenozoospermic groups compared to the normozoospermic group. In patients with leucocytospermia the GSH/GSSG ratio was lower but these changes were not significant. In addition, glutathione peroxidase activity in sperm cells was decreased in patients with oligozoo-, astenozoo-, oligoastenozoospermia and with leucocytospermia. The most significant changes in glutathione peroxidase activity were observed in infertile men with leucocytospermia. Decreased GSH/GSSG ratio indicates a decline in redox-potential of the glutathione system in sperm cells of men with decreased fertilizing potential. Redistribution between oxidized and reduced forms of glutathione can be caused by depletion of intracellular stores of glutathione and intensification of lipid peroxidation processes. This leads to increased production of reactive oxygen species, further depletion of antioxidant pools and disturbances of structure and function of spermatozoa. Our results indicate that the evaluation of reduced glutathione level and GSH/GSSG ratio in sperm cells of infertile men can be helpful in fertility assessment.
Impact of gibberelic acid and tebuconazole on formation of the leaf system and functioning of donor – acceptor plant system of solanaceae vegetable crops
Authors: Kuryata V. H. , Rogach V. V. , Buina O. I. , Kushnir O. V. , Buinyi O. V.
Published: June 2017

We studied the comparable effect of gibberelic acid and tebuconazole on morphogenesis, mesostructure formation and redistribution of flows in sweet peppers and tomatoes. It has been found that the use of gibberelic acid and tebuconazole retardant during budding leads to increased plant productivity due to optimization of the structure and operation of the plants’ leaf apparatus. It was established that both gibberelic and antigibberelic tebuconazole drug stimulated the formation and functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus of peppers and tomatoes, but the mechanisms of this regulation were different. Increased photosynthetic activity of plants under the influence of gibberellin was determined primarily by the formation of more leaves and total leaf surface. When using tebuconazole retardant there was a significant restructuring of the organization of leaf mezostructure: the leaves were thickened by chlorenchyma proliferation, there was an increase in the volume of columnar parenchyma cells and linear dimensions of spongy parenchyma leaf cells. The surface density of leaves significantly increased, the chlorophyll content and nitrogen content (especially protein) also increased, compared with control variants and variants using gibberelin. Such a profound restructuring of the photosynthetic apparatus in plants under the actions of tebuconazole led to a significant increase in donor leaves function of peppers and tomatoes, which is an indicator of the growth of net productivity of photosynthesis – the highest among all the variants of the experiment. The results also show that increasing the chlorophyll phytocenotic index was more significant than the increase of leaf index: the tomatoes under the action of tebuconazole had a lower leaf index than in control options, but due to a higher chlorophyll index the crop productivity increased.Since during the fruiting period the costs of assimilates to the growth of vegetative organs are greatly reduced, optimization of photosynthetic apparatus in pepper and tomato plants led to the laying of more fruit per plant and increasing crop yield. The analysis of the mass ratio of the researched vegetative and fruit plants shows that the mass fraction of fruit (an acceptor sphere of plants during fruiting) under the action of both drugs increased. Thus in both variants of the experiment both the mass fraction and donor assimilates of leaves were higher. Apart from the main source of assimilates – the processes of photosynthesis, which intensified due to the formation of a larger area of leaf surface (variant with gibberelin) or optimization of mesostructure (variant with tebuconazole) it is probable that the formation and growth of the embryo occurred in part due to reutilization of carbohydrates from the vegetative plant organs in carpogenesis processes.
The influence of a mineral-vitamin premix on the metabolism of pregnant horses with microelemetosis
Authors: Shcherbatyy A. G. , Slivinska L. G. , Gutyj B. V. , Golovakha V. I. , Piddubnyak A. V. , Fedorovuch V. L.
Published: June 2017

The article presents data on research into the influence of a mineral-vitamin premix on the clinical condition, erythropoiesis and the metabolism (macro- and micro-elemental, vitaminic, proteinaceous, enzymic) of Hucul breed mares in the last trimester of pregnancy. The Marmix premix contains: vitamins – А, D3, Е, В1, В2, В12, pantothenic and ascorbic acids, niacin, biotin; nonorganic compounds of microelements – sulphate of cobalt, copper, zinc, iron, manganese; potassium iodide, sodium selenite; amino acids – lysine, threonine, methionine.The usage of the mineral-vitaminic premix Marmix on pregnant mares during 60 days causes recovery of clinical status, erythropoiesis, raises the level of the cobalt (by 45.9%) and copper (by 2.15 times), normalizes the calcium-phosphorus ratio, raises the phosphorus level in the blood (by 17.7%), raises vitamin А (by 2.5 times) and tocopherol (by 2.02 times), total protein (by 27.7%), decreases the level of urea (by 42.2%), activity of AspAT [aspartate transaminase or aspartate aminotransferase] (by 42.9%) and AlAT [alanine transaminase] (by 44.9%) and alkaline phosphatase (by 43.7%). The research conducted contributes to improvements in the study of the pathogenesis of microelementosis of mares and develops an efficient way of treating and preventing the development of microelementosis among these animals.
Morphological and biochemical indicators of blood of rats poisoned by carbon tetrachloride and subject to action of liposomal preparation
Authors: Gutyj B. , Martyshchuk T. , Bushueva I. , Semeniv B. , Parchenko V. , Kaplaushenko A. , Magrelo N. , Hirkovyy A. , Musiy L. , Murska S.
Published: June 2017

The article gives the results of the research on the influence of a developed complex liposomal preparation on the dynamics of morphological and biochemical indicators of the blood of rats subjected to modeled oxidative stress caused by intermuscular injection of 50% carbon tetrachloride at a dose of 0.25 ml per 100 g of body mass. We found that in conditions of intoxication by carbon tetrachloride, the physiological level of hematological indicators of the researched animals’ body was disrupted. This is indicated by the reduction in the amount of erythrocytes, hemoglobin content, concentration of hemoglobin per erythrocyte, increase in the amount of leucocytes, mass of hemoglobin per erythrocyte and increase of colour indicator. Also, we detected suppression of protein synthesis function of the liver. The levels of total protein and albumin fraction were below the normal physiological level. High indicators were observed in the levels of creatinine, urea and total bilirubin. In order to normalize the functional state of the liver under oxidative stress it is reasonable to use a liposomal preparation which contains butafosfan, interferon, thistle and vitamins. In order to normalize morphological and biochemical indicators of the blood of rats subject to intoxication of carbon tetrachloride it is reasonable to use a liposomal preparation that contains butafosfan, selenium, thistle, methionine and vitamins. Using the liposomal preparation Butaselmevit for rats under oxidative stress the morphological and biochemical indicators in the blood normalized. On the 14th day the indictors of the number of erythrocytes, the hemoglobin content, the white blood cell count and red blood indexes compared to control came within the physiological indicators, indicating a recovery of hematopoietic function of the bone marrow and normalized indicators of the functional state of the liver.
Complex multicellular functions at a unicellular eukaryote level: Learning, memory, and immunity
Authors: Csaba György
Published: June 2017

According to experimental data, eukaryote unicellulars are able to learn, have immunity and memory. Learning is carried out in a very primitive form, and the memory is not neural but an epigenetic one. However, this epigenetic memory, which is well justified by the presence and manifestation of hormonal imprinting, is strong and permanent in the life of cell and also in its progenies. This memory is epigenetically executed by the alteration and fixation of methylation pattern of genes without changes in base sequences. The immunity of unicellulars is based on self/non-self discrimination, which leads to the destruction of non-self invaders and utilization of them as nourishment (by phagocytosis). The tools of learning, memory, and immunity of unicellulars are uniformly found in plasma membrane receptors, which formed under the effect of dynamic receptor pattern generation, suggested by Koch et al., and this is the basis of hormonal imprinting, by which the encounter between a chemical substance and the cell is specifically memorized. The receptors and imprinting are also used in the later steps of evolution up to mammals (including man) in each mentioned functions. This means that learning, memory, and immunity can be deduced to a unicellular eukaryote level.
Development and validation of prediabetes risk score for predicting prediabetes among Indonesian adults in primary care: Cross-sectional diagnostic study
Authors: Fujiati Isti Ilmiati , Damanik Harun Alrasyid , Bachtiar Adang , Nurdin Andi Armyn , Ward Paul
Published: June 2017

Objective

To develop and validate a risk score model for recognizing prediabetes among Indonesian adults in primary care.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional diagnostic study. After excluding subjects with diabetes from Indonesian National Basic Health Survey (INBHS) data set, 21,720 subjects who have completed fasting plasma glucose test and aged >18 years were selected for development stage. About 6,933 subjects were selected randomly from INBHS for validation stage in different diagnostic criteria of prediabetes-based random plasma glucose. Logistic regression was used to determine significant diagnostic variable and the receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to calculate area under the curve (AUC), cutoff point, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values.

Results

Age, sex, education level, family history of diabetes, smoking habit, physical activity, body mass index, and hypertension were significant variables for Indonesian Prediabetes Risk Score (INA-PRISC). The scoring range from 0 to 24, the AUC was 0.623 (95% CI 0.616–0.631) and cutoff point of 12 yielded sensitivity/specificity (50.03%/67.19%, respectively). The validation study showed the AUC was 0.646 (95% CI 0.623–0.669) and cutoff point of 12 yielded sensitivity/specificity (55.11%/65.81%, respectively).

Conclusion

INA-PRISC, which consists of eight demographical and clinical variables, is a valid and a simple prediabetes risk score in primary care.
Adjacent Dental Implants Classification Based on Restorative Design
Authors: Proussaefs Periklis , AlHelal Abdulaziz , Taleb Abdulrahman , Kattadiyil Mathew T.
Published: June 2017

There is controversy in the literature regarding the indicated retentive mechanism for implant-supported crowns. When adjacent implants are restored, the restoration can be screw retained, cement retained, or a combination of cement and screw retained. Adjacent implant-supported crowns can be restored as individual implant supported crowns or can be splinted. A classification system is proposed when adjacent implants are restored. The classification system describes currently available options to restore adjacent implants. Six types of prosthetic design options are proposed as Class I through Class VI. In Class I design, individual cement-retained crowns are made. In Class II, individual screw-retained crowns are fabricated. Class III involves fabrication of individual screw-retrievable/cement-retained crowns. Class IV prosthetic design involves splinted cement-retained implant crowns. Class V prosthetic design involves splinted screw-retained crowns, and Class VI involves splinted screw-retrievable/cement-retained implant supported crowns.
LIVE ATTENUATED VACCINES FOR THE IMMUNOPROPHYLAXIS
Authors: Shamsutdinova O. A.
Published: June 2017

The review focuses on the history of the production of live antiviral vaccines and their use for the prevention of infectious diseases. It was noted that before the beginning of the 20th century, only three live vaccines were developed and put into practice — against smallpox, rabies, plague. The discovery of D. Enders, T.H. Weller and F.Ch. Robins of the ability of the polio virus, and then of a number of other viruses, to reproduce in vitro in cell cultures of various types, greatly expanded the studies on the production of attenuated strains of viruses for live vaccines. The historical stages of obtaining and introducing live vaccines for the prevention of smallpox, poliomyelitis, measles, rubella, and mumps are highlighted. Arguments in favor of the use of associated vaccine preparations for the prevention of viral infections are presented. Various variants of the strategy and tactics of using live vaccines, which are used for specific prevention of viral infections in different countries, are described. The review provides information on technological methods for obtaining antiviral vaccines. The publications testifying to the development of specific reactions in immunized vaccine strains of measles, mumps, poliomyelitis and rubella viruses, such as aseptic meningitis (vaccine strains of mumps virus), acute arthritis (vaccine rubella virus strains), temperature reactions, rash (vaccine strains of the virus Measles), vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) vaccine vaccine poliovirus. It is particularly noted that the long experience of vaccine prevention both in Russia and abroad convincingly shows that the risk of developing post-vaccination complications is incommensurably lower than the risk of causing harm to health from the corresponding infections. It is concluded that despite introduction of new third and fourth generation vaccines into practice, live attenuated vaccines do not lose their significance and are used in vaccine-preventable infections as the most effective immunobiological drugs.
IMPACT OF HIV INFECTION AND TUBERCULOSIS ON THE PERIPHERAL BLOOD T-CELL DIFFERENTIATION
Authors: Vasileva E. V. , Kudryavtsev I. V. , Maximov G. V. , Verbov V. N. , Serebriakova M. K. , Tkachuk A. P. , Totolian Areg A.
Published: June 2017

Tuberculosis is the leading cause of death among HIV infected individuals. In this regard, an important task is the timely detection of tuberculosis in HIV infected patients. Previously, we have shown that the diagnostic value of in vitro test, QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube is not decreased in patients with HIV infection against the background of tuberculosis. However, it remains unclear what kind of cell populations produce IFNγ in response to specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens stimulation in vitro, because the immunodeficiency, caused by HIV, makes primarily for a decrease the abundance and attenuation functions of CD4 T-lymphocytes. The aim of thшы work was to compare the degree of differentiation of T-lymphocytes CD4 (Th) and CD8 (Tcyt) in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy donors against the background of HIV infection. The study data were obtained during the examination of 28 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis without HIV infection (HIV–TB+), 23 patients with HIV infection (TB–HIV+) and 30 patients coinfected with HIV and tuberculosis (TB+HIV+). The comparison group consisted of 37 healthy individuals (TB–HIV–). Аbsolute and abundance (relative content) of major subpopulations of T-lymphocytes (based on the expression of CD27 marker, CD28, CD45RA and CD62L) in the peripheral blood for all patients included in the study (n = 118) were evaluated by flow cytometry approach. For patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (n = 58) QuantiFERON-TB Gold In Tube (Qiagen, QFT) test was performed. Th/Tcyt ratio was not significantly different among the groups of TB–HIV– and TB+HIV– (1.76 [1.51; 2.30] against 1.86 [1.22; 2.79], p = 0.960). At that time, the size of both subpopulations “terminally differentiated” Tcyt (Tcyt Eff, CD27–CD28– CD62L–CD45RA–) Th lymphocytes and effector memory lymphocytes (Th EM, CD27–CD28+CD62L–CD45RA–), was significantly different in all four study groups. Multidirectional changes of the absolute and abundance (relative content) in these cell populations in comparison with healthy donors for tuberculosis and HIV infection was noticed. Absolute content of Tcyt Eff, compared with healthy donors (76.1 [20.7; 143.5]), 4-fold increases in the group of HIV+TB+ and 2 times in groups TB+HIV– and TB–HIV+. Th EM content increases only at TB+HIV– group compare to healthy donors. In groups of patients with HIV infection (TB–HIV+ and TB+HIV+) a decrease in the content of these cells was observed. Thus, our work shows that the population of Th EM and Tcyt Eff could potentially be viewed as universal biomarkers for two socially significant infectious diseases: tuberculosis and HIV infection. In future experiments, it is necessary to validate these results to ensure specificity and determine the number of Th EM and Tcyt Eff specificly induced by Mtb antigens.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MOLECULAR-GENETIC DIAGNOSTICS DURING PERTUSSIS INFECTION FOCI EXAMINATION
Authors: Pimenova A. S. , Borisova O. Yu. , Tsvircun O. V. , Basov A. S. , Aleshkin V. A. , Afanasiev S. S. , Donskich E. E. , Pikina A. P. , Kafarskaya L. I. , Afanasiev M. S. , Karaulov A. V.
Published: June 2017

Purpose: whooping cough diagnostics by molecular-genetic methods.Materials and methods. Under observation there were 4930 people during the period from 2012 to 2015. All samples were received in 8 schools of Moscow and the Moscow region: in 3 schools had been found children with whooping cough, in other 5 schools – only children with prolonged cough. Whooping cough diagnosis had been given earlier by bacteriological and serological methods. 430 clinical samples were studied by 2 methods: PCR with fluorescent hybridized detection of amplified products and isothermal amplification.Results. In three of eight schools whooping cough cases at 7 children at the age of 7, 9, 11 and 15 years were revealed earlier. The diagnosis of whooping cough at them was confirmed by means of bacteriological and serological methods. 33 positive DNA samples (7.7%) are revealed. DNA-positive samples are allocated from 18 pupils and 15 employees of schools. In two schools where earlier infection sources were established, 15 DNA-positive samples from which in three cases clinical manifestations were observed are revealed. In those schools where it wasn’t earlier established a source of an infection and examinations conducted it is long the coughing children, 18 DNA-positive samples are revealed, and in two cases clinical manifestations in the form of cough were observed.Conclusion. Performed research confirmed high efectiveness of molecular-genetic methods during pertussis infection foci examination in schools for infection source identification also amongst long coughing children.
IMMUNOGENICITY OF ADJUVANT INFLUENZA VACCINE FOR PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Kostinov M. P. , Cherdantsev A. P. , Shmitko A. D. , Praulova D. A. , Protasov A. D. , Dagil U. A. , Kostinova T. A. , Akhmatova N. K. , Chromova E. A. , Ryzhov A. A. , Blagovidov D. A. , Polishchuk V. B. , Magarshak O. O. , Korovkina E. S.
Published: June 2017

Recent epidemiological events showed that pregnant women are the most vulnerable part of population if there is the flu in the country and they die much more often than the rest part of people. That is why influenza vaccination of population including pregnant women is one of the priorities of public health service in our state. Worldwide experience of influenza vaccination of either adults or children by new adjuvant vaccine has caused our research of its efficiency among pregnant women. The aim of the study was to investigate the level of antibodies to influenza virus strain A/H1N1/v, A/H3N2 and B in pregnant women vaccinated adjuvant trivalent subunit vaccine. Our research is randomized and comparative on parallel groups. It was carried out within the demands of Russian Federation and International ethic norms adapted to such kind of researches. Evaluation of the immunogenicity of the vaccine was conducted in 27 pregnant women in the II trimester of gestation, and in 23 pregnant women in the III trimester of gestation, 19 non-pregnant women was in the control group. The level of antibodies in the serum was determined using a reaction of hemagglutination inhibition before and 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the vaccination. Revealed that influenza vaccination of pregnant women in the II and III trimester, causes the increase in titers of antibodies to vaccine influenza strains A and B, to fully meet the required criteria CPMP, and does not differ from the nonpregnant group. In a month after vaccination the level of seroprotective against A/H1N1/v was 77.0%, A/H3N2 — 88.9%, B — 85.2% after vaccination in II trimester, and 87.0; 87.0; 91.35% in III trimester of gestation. The factor of seroconversion after vaccination in II trimester for A/H1N1/v was equal to 6.5, A/H3N2 — 7.2, B — 6.5, after vaccination in III trimester of pregnancy: 7.1, 6.5 and 5.1 correspondingly. At the same time revealed accelerated decline in antibody titer against influenza in pregnant women compared to nonpregnant women in a year after immunization The set of results of the study can be concluded that adjuvant trivalent subunit vaccine effective in vaccination of pregnant women in II and III trimester of pregnancy, and it is able to effectively provide immune protection against viruses of the flu A and B within all pregnancy long.
A consolidation model for lumpy composite soils in open-pit mining
Authors: Shi X. S. , Herle I. , Muir Wood D.
Published: June 2017

In open-pit coal mining, the excavated clayey cover is dumped without any compaction to form a landfill with a relatively open structure. In this type of material, water flowing through the landfills prefers the inter-lump voids, which have a permeability significantly higher than the clay lumps. With increasing time, the lumps in the upper layer may be partially transformed into a reconstituted soil, occupying the inter-lump voids with consequent decrease in permeability of the landfill. In the study presented here, a consolidation model is proposed based on the double porosity concept and the homogenisation theory. The analysis follows these steps: step 1, a representative volume of lumpy composite soils is divided into four parts and the governing differential equations are formulated based on conservation of mass; step 2, the inter-lump porosity for the lumpy composite structure is formulated as a function of the overall porosity and the porosity of its constituents; step 3, to account for stress (strain) concentrations within the lumpy composite material, a homogenisation relation is used based on analysis of the soil structure; step 4, the hydraulic conductivities of the inter-lump material (lumps) and intra-lump material (reconstituted soil) are approximated by the same set of parameters; step 5, for the lumpy soil, a new relationship between the strains and the absolute velocities of the solid skeleton is proposed, which eliminates the influence of the rigid displacement of the lumps. The model simulations are compared with experimental data, indicating that the proposed model can well represent the consolidation curves of the lumpy composite soil observed in the laboratory.
Effect of modelling parameters on non-linear seismic response of concrete structures
Authors: Bozer Ali
Published: June 2017

The non-linear numerical analysis of reinforced-concrete structures presents several difficulties due to the complicated behaviour of reinforced concrete under cyclic lateral loading. For practical use, design guidelines provide simplified non-linear models which are implemented in many structural analysis programs. However, restrictions and assumptions on which the models are based may influence the seismic response of existing structures. The primary aim of the work reported in this paper was to identify possible differences in structural response due to selected non-linear modelling parameters. Based on these findings, the aim was then to provide guidance for practical computer models capable of representing a realistic non-linear seismic response. A set of numerical models was constructed and then a force–deformation relationship for each model was compared with experimental results. Sensitivity of response due to changes in each member's modelled plasticity and hysteresis was further investigated on a ten-storey reinforced-concrete building under five different seismic inputs. The analyses confirmed that storey displacements and degree of plastic deformation were influenced by modelling preferences. A fibre model was found to be more reliable in reflecting non-linear behaviour.
China’s Current Account: External Rebalancing or Capital Flight?
Authors: Wong Anna
Published: June 2017

This paper examines an anomaly in China’s current account: its large and rapidly growing travel expenditure. Drawing evidence from counterparty data, Chinese international arrival statistics, and gravity equation models extended to travel trade, I find that a significant amount of China’s travel spending in the period 2014-2016 could not be explained by accounting factors or economic fundamentals. The unexplained travel imports are inversely associated with domestic growth and positively associated with renminbi depreciation expectations against the dollar, suggesting that they are less likely to be consumption of goods and services abroad than domestic residents’ acquisition of foreign financial assets. Adjusted for these potential disguised outflows, China’s current account balance could be higher than reported by around 1 percent of GDP in 2015 and 2016, a period when the Chinese economy slowed noticeably as it shifted away from investment-driven growth (i.e.“internal rebalancing”). These results suggest that Chinese households, through the travel channel, have in part replaced the official sector in directing domestic surplus savings abroad in recent years. While the official sector preferred liquid foreign government assets, Chinese households appear to prefer private foreign assets.
Desenvolvimento sustentável e qualidade de vida: reflexões sobre vulnerabilidade e resiliência urbana
Authors: Gallo Douglas
Published: June 2017

O objetivo deste ensaio é discutir os conceitos de vulnerabilidade, resiliência e promoção da saúde, apresentando-se como referencial para a melhoria da qualidade de vida urbana e criação de cidades mais saudáveis e sustentáveis. Partiu-se do pressuposto que a vulnerabilidade é um conceito multidimensional, com potencial integrador para ampliação e facilitação do diálogo transdisciplinar. Outro conceito chave foi o da qualidade de vida urbana, ligada diretamente à percepção dos indivíduos e ao seu ambiente físico, particularmente as cidades. A promoção da saúde é um enfoque generalista que mesmo surgindo dentro do setor saúde considera a intersetorialidade como fundamental para a qualidade de vida das populações. A vulnerabilidade como conceito multidimensional não é binária nem unitária, estando os indivíduos vulneráreis em diferentes graus, que mudam constantemente ao longo do tempo, tendo como referências aspectos políticos, sociais e econômicos. Embora risco e vulnerabilidade guardem uma estreita relação entre si, o primeiro tem um caráter analítico e o segundo uma pretensão de síntese. Sendo que nas práticas intervencionistas esta confusão seja menos frequente. Deve-se considerar a vulnerabilidade no conjunto de políticas públicas com foco na qualidade de vida e promoção da saúde da população.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Desenvolvimento sustentável. Qualidade de vida. Políticas públicas.
Avaliação das práticas ambientais em indústrias de laticínios – estudo de caso
Authors: Gonçalves Narjara Prates , Maderi Talita Ruas , Santos Pitágoras Fonseca
Published: June 2017

As indústrias leiteiras vêm tendo um grande desempenho e importância econômica, social e ambiental. Diante dos estudos analisados e da sua importância no setor, surgem então problemas e preocupações ligados à qualidade e controle ambiental, além do elevado consumos de água. Com o objetivo de avaliar as práticas ambientais dessas indústrias de laticínios, desde sua recepção até a saída de seus produtos, foram realizados pesquisas e estudos exploratórios bibliográficos e posteriormente um check list como entrevista, para levantamento de dados e informações metodológicas e comparativas das empresas estudadas. o tratamento dos dados foi obtido a partir de uma análise descritiva, foi possível observar que o setor de produtos lácteos na região apresenta um potencial poluidor bem elevado. Além do desperdício de água e energia, a falta de padronização dos procedimentos higiênico-sanitários foi apontada também como ponto crítico, apresentando riscos ao meio ambiente se não avaliados e tratados corretamente.PALAVRAS- CHAVE: Efluentes; Água; Produção mais Limpa.
The Decision by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights on the Awas Tingni vs. Nicaragua Case (2001): The Implementation Gap
Authors: Gómez Isa Felipe
Published: June 2017

In August 2001, the Inter-American Court of Human Rights reached a landmark and pioneering decision in the field of international indigenous peoples’ human rights law. However, the case did not end there, but entered a new phase for which neither the community nor their advisors were fully prepared: the implementation phase of the judgment. Our analysis has tried to shed light on the vicissitudes of this long, complex and as yet unfinished process, which is one of the most innovative aspects of this paper. This is particularly relevant given the absence of systematic studies on the implementation processes of judicial decisions made by international bodies (such as the Inter-American Court) from the perspective of the victims themselves, and of the stakeholders involved in the case.
Reasons for the Construction of a Legal Theory of Social Rights as Fundamental Rights
Authors: Janampa Almora Juan José
Published: June 2017

The present research article will relate about the theory of social rights, essentially, it will address the study of some reasons for the construction of a legal theory of social rights as fundamental rights. In this way, it seeks to deny the supposed difference between the categories of civil and political rights and social rights sustained by reasons of history, provision, indetermination, cost and a subjective character. Thus, good arguments will be provided to defend the constitutionalization (positivization) and the development of the features of fundamental social rights (subjective and objective dimensions).
Consolidation of Arguments in favor of the Right of Access to Public Information as a Fundamental Right
Authors: Palomares Herrera Manuel
Published: June 2017

Analysis of the doctrinal position regarding the nature of the right of access to public information and the development of new arguments that reinforce and consolidate its fundamental nature. This right is recognized as a human right in many international declarations; in Spain the legislation of transparency and enforcement is deployed as an instrumental right although it is recognized by many states as an autonomous fundamental right without need to be linked to other fundamental rights.
Язык и культура: опыт культурологической интерпретации художественного замысла в японских и китайских образах
Authors: Завьялова Наталья Алексеевна
Published: June 2017

В статье анализируются национальные коммуникативные стили Японии и Китая, раскрывается значимость традиции умолчания для японцев и тенденции заимствований и гиперболизации для китайцев. В центре внимания автора — картина Кацусики Хокусая «Большая волна в Канагаве». Сделана попытка реконструировать замысел художника с учетом широкого исторического контекста: развития соответствующих художественных образов от плейстоцена до современности. Интерпретация идейного содержания картины и карикатур на нее согласовывается с выявленными коммуникативными стратегиями японцев и китайцев.

В статье подвергаются анализу возможные пересечения символов с другой картиной Кацусики Хокусая (1760–1849) «Сожжение изображения Будды». Предлагается авторская интерпретация многочисленных пародий на картину «Большая волна в Канагаве» (1823–1831), созданных китайскими современными художниками Ли Фенем, Ло Дзё (Роджер), Ли Минем. Анализ карикатур позволил автору провести аналогию с инсталляцией популярнейшего китайского дизайнера Ай Вэйвэя «Закон путешествия», выставленной в национальной галерее г. Праги в апреле 2017 г. 

Выявленные смыслы выступают в качестве иллюстрации к теории взаимоотражений тезаурусов, сформулированной В. А. Луковым и Вл. А. Луковым. Суть данной теории сводится к положению о том, что ситуацию встречи двух тезаурусов следует рассматривать как ту форму, которую приобретает их диалог, а также последствия этого диалога. Важнейшими основаниями взаимоотражений тезаурусов выступают случаи многочисленных повторов сюжетных линий и мотивов в художественных произведениях. В современности склонность повторять музыкальные участки, фразы известных людей, пословицы и поговорки легла в основу «эффекта привязки», «эффекта простой экспозиции», которые чрезвычайно востребованы индустрией рекламы. Проводя аналогию с механизмами копирования участков ДНК, автор приходит к важному выводу о том, что если копирование генов есть механизм онто- и филогенеза, то взаимоотражение культур — есть базовый механизм культурогенеза.