bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
R1. Improvement of central vein ultrasound guided puncture success using a homemade needle guide. A simulation study
Authors: Villa Antoine , Hermand Vladimir , Bonny Vincent , Preda Gabriel , Urbina Tomas , Gasperment Maxime , Gabarre Paul , Missri Louai , Baudel Jean-Luc , Zafimahazo Daniel , Joffre Jérémie , Ait-Oufella Hafid , Maury Eric
Published: August 2023

Background: Out-of-plane (OOP) approach is frequently used for ultrasound-guided insertion of central venous catheter (CVC) owing to its simplicity but does not avoid mechanical complication. In-plane (IP) approach might improve safety of insertion; however, it is less easy to master. We assessed, a homemade needle guide device aimed to improve CVC insertion using IP approach.
Method: We evaluated in a randomized simulation trial, the impact of a homemade needle guide on internal jugular, subclavian and femoral vein puncture, using three approaches: out-of-plane free hand (OOP-FH), in-plane free hand (IP-FH), and in-plane needle guided (IP-NG). Success at first pass, the number of needle redirections and arterial punctures were recorded. Time elapsed (i) from skin contact to first skin puncture, (ii) from skin puncture to successful venous puncture and (iii) from skin contact to venous return were measured.
Results: Thirty operators performed 270 punctures. IP-NG approach resulted in high success rate at first pass (jugular: 80%, subclavian: 95% and femoral: 100%) which was higher than success rate observed with OOP-FH and IP-FH regardless of the site (p=.01). Compared to IP-FH and OOP-FH, the IP-NG approach decreased the number of needle redirections at each site (p=.009) and arterial punctures (p=.001). Compared to IP-FH, the IP-NG approach decreased the total procedure duration for puncture at each site.
Conclusion: In this simulation study, IP approach using a homemade needle guide for ultrasound-guided central vein puncture improved success rate at first pass, reduced the number of punctures/redirections and shortened the procedure duration compared to OOP and IP free-hand approaches.
Sex differences in the tumor promoting effects of tobacco smoke in a cRaf transgenic lung cancer disease model
Authors: Zhong Shen , Borlak Jürgen
Published: August 2023

Background
Tobacco smoke (TS) is the leading cause for lung cancer (LC), and female smokers are at a greater risk for LC. Yet, the underlying causes are unknown.
Methods
We performed whole genome scans in TS exposed wild type and histologically characterized tumor lesions of cRaf transgenic mice. We constructed miRNA-gene and transcription factor-miRNA/gene regulatory networks and determined sex-specific gene regulations by evaluating hormone receptor activities. We validated the findings from TS exposed cRaf mice in a large cohort of smoking and never-smoking LC patients
Results
When compared to males, TS prompted a 7-fold increase in tumor multiplicity in cRaf females. Genome-wide scans of tumor lesions identified 161 and 53 genes and miRNAs, which code for EGFR/MAPK signaling, cell proliferation, oncomirs and oncogenes, and 50% of DEGs coded for immune response and tumor evasion. Outstandingly, in transgenic males, TS elicited upregulation of 20 tumor suppressors, some of which are the targets of the androgen and estrogen receptor. Conversely, in females, 18 tumor suppressors were down-regulated, and five were specifically repressed by the estrogen receptor. We found TS to perturb the circadian clock in a sex-specific manner and identified a female-specific regulatory loop that consisted of the estrogen receptor, miR-22-3p and circadian genes to support LC growth. Finally, we confirmed sex dependent tumor promoting effects of TS in a large cohort of LC patients.
Conclusions
Our study highlights the sex-dependent genomic responses to TS and the interplay of circadian clock genes and hormone receptors in the regulation of oncogenes and oncomirs in LC growth.
Quantitative Evaluation of Metamorphopsia Score Before and After Pars Plana Vitrectomy Operation In Patients with Idiopatic Epiretinal Membranes Using The M-Charts™ and Comparison with Oct Parameters
Authors: OCAL Olgar , DOGAN Mehmet Erkan , BILGIN Ahmet Burak
Published: August 2023

Purpose: It was aimed to quantitatively evaluate metamorphopsia pre- and postoperatively in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membrane(iERM) using the M-CHARTS™ and to evaluate the relationship between changes in retinal layers in optical coherence tomography (OCT) and metamorphopsia scores.
Materials and Methods:This prospective study included patients followed up in Akdeniz University Hospital Ophthalmology Clinic diagnosed with iERM by fundus examination and optical coherence tomography between 2020-2022. Detailed ophthalmologic findings, visual acuities and metamorphopsia scores and OCT parameters of all patients were recorded.The relationship between pre- and postoperative visual acuity, metamorphopsia scores and OCT parameters was investigated. The changes of oct parameters were compared by evaluating patients with decreased metamorphopsia score as one group and patients with stable or increasing metamorphopsia score as the other group.
Results: In the group with decreased metamorphopsia score, pre-treatment and post-treatment 12th month GCL+IPL (C) (Ganglion Cell Layer+Inner Plexiform Layer (Central)) value was significantly (p<0.05) higher than the group with metamorphopsia score increase.
Conclusion:Statistically significant preoperative thickness difference in the OCT parameters of the GCL+IPL (C) layer in the group with decrease and increase in metamorphopsia scores was associated with the quantitative metamorphopsia complaints of the patients. The thickness of the preoperative GCL+IPL (C) layer can be considered as an important parameter for the symptoms of metamorphopsia that determines the functional success after the surgery.
Diversity of Moths (Insecta: Lepidoptera) Supported by Sandalwood (Santalum Album L.) in South India
Authors: Padma S , Kavya N , Manjula K N , Shanbhag R. R. , Sundararaj R
Published: August 2023

The evergreen and perennial Royal tree, Santalum album L., is an eco-conservator because it houses a wide variety of organisms. One such group is moths. Intensive surveys were conducted in sandalwood plantations in south India to understand the diversity of moths supported by sandalwood. A total of 56 species of moths belonging to 15 families were found in sandalwood, and the record of 27 moths forms the first report on sandalwood. Out of 15 families, the family Erebidae is dominant with twenty-one species, followed by Geometridae with eight species and Psychidae with six species each. The remaining moths include three species each of Cossidae and Limacodidae; two species each of Crambidae, Eupterotidae, Lecithoceridae, Noctuidae and Tortricidae; and a single species in each of the remaining 5 families. Further, the pruned plantations showed a significantly negative impact on the diversity of moths and greatly influenced the level of their infestation on the trees. Implications for insect conservation: Our analysis provides an effective groundwork for addressing the principle of conservation for not only target insect species but also in general. Further, immediate action is specified for the protection of vegetation and proper maintenance of structural integrity of trees, which directly influences the distribution and habitats of insects.
Two-repeat units of CG-rich trinucleotides form long-sought hotspot loci shared across primates and mouse
Authors: Ohadi Mina , Tajeddin Nahid , Bayat Hadi , Arabfard Masoud , Maddi Ali M. A. , Moghadam Masoumeh Goleyjani , Khamse Safoura , Alizadeh Samira , Delbari Ahmad , Khorshid Hamid Reza Khorram
Published: August 2023

Background
CG-rich trinucleotide short tandem repeats link with human cognition and various neurodevelopmental, neurological, and movement disorders. However, the fundamental two-repeat units of these STRs are literally unexplored.
Results
On a genome-wide scale, here we mapped the two-repeat units of all combinations of trinucleotides in human, and found thousands of colonies (distance between each unit < 500 bp) of exceedingly significant occurrence based on Poisson distribution. Subsequently, we performed a comparative genomics study of several of the large and medium-size colonies in other primates and mouse. We discovered that some of those colonies were shared with extensive dynamicity, as phylogenetically distant as in mouse. We found evidence of emergence and propagation of several non-coding RNAs, such as PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and uncharacterized RNAs in some colonies.
Conclusion
We report evidence of extensively dynamic trans-species crossing-over and conversion events in the two-repeat unit colonies of CG-rich trinucleotides, which among many evolutionary implications, may be a novel mechanism for the emergence and propagation of non-coding RNAs in some colonies. This is the first evidence of loci of massive genomic hotspot events, shared at least across primates and mouse.
Identification of Active Components and Antifungal Activities of Extracts from Carpesium abrotanoides L. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Zhu Hongxia , Hu Linfeng , Gao Ge , Wang Yunlong
Published: August 2023

The target-directed efficient extraction and antifungal activities of extracts against seven phytopathogenic fungi from flowers, leaves and seeds of Carpesium abrotanoides L. (Asteraceae) were evaluated. In the seven tested fungi, the extracts of three parts of this plant produced by petroleum ether and chloroform, as well as extracts of flower and seed produced by ethyl acetate, had strong activities against Gibberella zeae, Phytophthora capsica and Rhizoctonia cerealis. The seed extract produced by chloroform was further fractionated to seven fractions [SS2(1–7)] using bioautography-guided TLC and its high active fraction (SS4) was identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Eight compounds with higher contents in SS2-4 were identified. Among them, dehydrocostus lactone, isoalantolactone, parthenolide and alantolactone showed different concentration-dependent antifungal effects on R. cerealis, resulting in EC50s of 7.05, 18.22, 21.22 and 125.10 mg/L, respectively.
Training and brain stimulation in patients with cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Antonenko Daria , Fromm Anna Elisabeth , Thams Friederike , Kuzmina Anna , Backhaus Malte , Knochenhauer Elena , Li Shu-Chen , Grittner Ulrike , Flöel Agnes
Published: August 2023

Background
Repeated sessions of training and non-invasive brain stimulation have the potential to enhance cognition in patients with cognitive impairment. We hypothesized that combining cognitive training with anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will lead to performance improvement in the trained task and yield transfer to non-trained tasks.
Methods
In our randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind study, 46 patients with cognitive impairment (60–80 years) were randomly assigned to one of two interventional groups. We administered a 9-session cognitive training (consisting of a letter updating and a Markov decision-making task) over 3 weeks with concurrent 1-mA anodal tDCS over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (20 min in tDCS, 30 sec in sham group). Primary outcome was trained task performance (letter updating task) immediately after training. Secondary outcomes included performance in tasks testing working memory (N-back task), decision-making (Wiener Matrices test) and verbal memory (verbal learning and memory test), and resting-state functional connectivity (FC). Tasks were administered at baseline, at post-assessment, and at 1- and 7-month follow-ups (FU). MRI was conducted at baseline and 7-month FU. Thirty-nine participants (85%) successfully completed the intervention. Data analyses are reported on the intention-to-treat (ITT) and the per-protocol (PP) sample.
Results
For the primary outcome, no difference was observed in ITT or PP sample. However, the tDCS outperformed the sham group in the N-back working memory task. Frontoparietal network FC was increased from baseline to 7-month FU in the tDCS compared to the sham group. Exploratory analyses showed a correlation between individual memory improvements and higher electric field magnitudes induced by tDCS. Adverse events did not differ between groups, questionnaires indicated successful blinding.
Conclusions
In sum, cognitive training with concurrent brain stimulation induced transferred working memory benefits in patients with cognitive impairment who underwent the full 3-week intervention. MRI data pointed toward a potential intervention-induced modulation of neural network dynamics. A link between individual performance gains and electric fields suggested dosage-dependent effects of brain stimulation. Together, our findings show that the combined intervention might be a potential treatment option in patients with cognitive impairment. Future research needs to explore whether individualized protocols for both training and stimulation parameters might further enhance treatment gains.
Trial registration
The study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04265378). Registered on 7 February 2020. Retrospectively registered.
A comparative study of machine learning methods for assessing the compressive strength of Pozzolanic concrete
Authors: Raju Matiur Rahman , Rahman Mahfuzur , Hasan Md Mehedi , Sharmily Tarin , Hosen Mohammed Sajib , Islam Md Monirul , H Noor Md. Sadiqul
Published: August 2023

This study aims to enhance the prediction of compressive strength in pozzolanic concrete by leveraging machine learning techniques. Unlike conventional methods relying on costly lab tests or empirical correlations, machine learning offers a more precise and efficient approach. Three models—artificial neural networks (ANNs), random forest (RF), and gradient boosting regressor (GBR)—are harnessed to develop predictive models. The dataset, comprising 482 samples, is divided randomly into 70% (337 samples) for training and 30% (145 samples) for testing. Seven input parameters related to pozzolanic material type, proportion, and mix design are utilized for model training. Model performance assessment employs metrics such as coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Notably, the RF model outperforms others, achieving the highest R2 of 0.976 in training and 0.964 in testing, with the lowest RMSE (2.84) and MAE (2.05) in training and 7.81 and 5.89, respectively in testing, demonstrating superior predictive precision. The model’s accuracy is evaluated using the Taylor diagram. Additionally, sensitivity analysis reveals cement as the most impactful input parameter, influencing 28% of variability. The RF model’s robustness is confirmed through K-fold cross-validation, yielding an average R2 of 0.959. This study underscores the reliability and effectiveness of the RF model for forecasting pozzolanic concrete’s compressive strength, carrying implications for optimizing concrete mix and construction practices. Overall, the proposed RF model excels in efficiency and accuracy, establishing its supremacy over other algorithms in predicting pozzolanic concrete properties.
MiR-130a-3p plays a key role in adipocyte differentiation of orbital fibroblasts (OFs) in Graves' ophthalmopathy by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway
Authors: YE Xiaozhen , wang gengwang , Liu Jun , LU Bin , SHAO Jiaqing
Published: August 2023

Objective
To study the effects of miR-130a-3p on the adipocyte differentiation of orbital fibroblasts in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO).
Methods
The expression level of key transcription factors in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and adipocytes were detected in the human primary orbital fibroblasts (OFs) obtained from GO, non-GO patients or OFs (GO) treated with LiCl (Wnt/beta-catenin pathway activator). The content of IL-1β, TNF-α and IFN-γ and the expression level of ICAM-1, COX-2, and MCP-1 were detected in OFs (GO) or OFs (GO) treated with LiCl. The effects of miR-130a-3p mimics on the differentiation of orbital fibroblasts and the potential mechanisms were investigated.
Results
The ratio between the expression level of p-GKS-3β、GKS-3β and β-catenin was decreased significantly, the PPAR-γ and C/EBPα were increased significantly in OFs (GO). After the treatment of LiCl in OFs (GO), the ratio between the expression level of p-GKS-3β、GKS-3β and β-catenin were increased, while PPAR-γ and C/EBPα were decreased. Cell viability, the number of adipocytes, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, ICAM, COX-2, and MCP-1were decreased significantly in OFs (GO) treated with LiCl. The expression of related proteins was reversed after OFs (GO) treated with miR-130a-3p mimics, the alterations induced by miR-130a-3p mimics were reversed by pcDNA- PPAR-γ.
Conclusions
In the present study, miR-130a-3p inhibited adipocyte differentiation in OFs from patients with GO. The underlying mechanism might be the negative regulation of PPARγ-mediated adipogenesis via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by miR-130a-3p. MiR-130a-3p might be an useful target in treating Graves' ophthalmopathy.
Biosynthesis of lead oxide nanoparticles using Ocimum lamiifolium leaves extract
Authors: Habtemariam Asratemedhin Bekele
Published: August 2023

In this study we report the biosynthesis of lead oxide nanoparticles from Ocimum Lamiifolium aqueous extract and lead citrate precursor. Characterization techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and UV-Visible spectroscopy were used to study the desired phase formation, crystal structure and morphology of the synthesized nanostructure. The powder X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that lead oxide nanoparticles with an average crystallite size of 39 nm have been synthesized. Scanning electron microscopy analysis exhibited the surface morphology. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy study also confirmed also the successful synthesis of lead oxide nanoparticles. The UV-Visible spectrum absorbance peak is in the range of 200–250 nm and this corresponds to the characteristic of lead oxide nanoparticles.
Designing Pyrrolopyrimidine Linked Triazole Derivatives as JAK Inhibitors for Anti- Cancer Activity: Molecular Docking Analysis and ADMET Prediction
Authors: Gaikwad Shraddha P , Jadhav Shailaja B , Chaudhari Somdutta
Published: August 2023

Janus kinases (JAKs) are a family of non-receptor tyrosine kinases that play a central role in the signaling pathways of many cellular processes, including inflammation, cell growth, and differentiation. JAK inhibitors have been shown to have potential as anticancer agents. In this study, a series of pyrrolopyrimidine-linked triazole derivatives were designed and synthesized. The molecular docking studies were performed using Auto Dock Vina to evaluate the binding affinity of the compounds with JAK. The ADMET properties of the compounds were predicted using the ADMET Predictor software. The molecular docking studies showed that the compounds have a good binding affinity with JAK. The ADMET properties of the compounds were predicted to be favorable. According to a study on Passonline study, the substances will react with thioredoxin inhibitor activity with the fewest negative effects. Given that the proposed compounds only violate one of the "rules of five," it can be said that these derivatives may have oral activity. All of the proposed compounds can be regarded as safer lead molecules based on the ADMET study. based on the docking Analysis revealed that the derivatives had the lowest minimum binding energy to the protein and had a strong binding affinity. The docking results indicated that the compounds D2 and D6 respectively, would be the most potent inhibitors. Hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions occur between the molecules. These results suggest that the pyrrolopyrimidine-linked triazole derivatives have the potential as JAK inhibitors for anticancer activity.
Global trends, knowledge mapping and visualization of current research on climate change and their impact on plant-pollinators interaction
Authors: Singh Pooja , Gargi Baby , Semwal Prabhakar
Published: August 2023

The mutualistic interactions between plants and pollinators is one of the most prestigious field of research in ecology, which give information on the biotic network architecture, coexistence, diversification, and ecosystem function. In this manuscript, our research intends to identify the published literature for research production, collaborations, hotspots, and trends in research addressing the influence of climate change on the relationship between plants and pollinators. The research and review papers on the interactions between plants and pollinators, and climate change published in the Scopus database were retrieved. The contribution of nations, journals, institutions, current trends, and keyword analysis were shown using VOSviewer and RStudio bibliometrix to produce a network map of author collaboration across nations. The Scopus database (2007 to 2023) yielded a total of 256 entries, of which 229 publications were examined after being excluded based on various criteria. As per our data analysis, “The Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory” and “Journal of Ecology” were the most effective organization, and journal, respectively. The author with the most publications was “Laura A. Burkle” of “Montana State University”. The “United States” is rated #1 among all nations in terms of the global production of literature on the effects of climate change on interactions between plant and pollinators. We determined four primary research subjects and new research areas for further study through the analysis of keywords. This study highlights current research on the effects of climate change on plant-pollinator relationships and is an early attempt to understand how these connections form and alter. The majority of recent research has been on the effects of drought on plants in these systems, which is a developing field of study that requires attention from academics for future research.
Direct specimen collection during routine operation improves nucleic acid quality in genetic analysis samples for head and neck tumors: a retrospective study
Authors: Noda Yuri , Sakagami Tomofumi , Suzuki Kensuke , Fujisawa Takuo , Yagi Masao , Iwai Hiroshi , Tsuta Koji
Published: August 2023

Background
The success of sequencing analysis and genetic treatment is influenced by sample quality. Preserving nucleic acid integrity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) samples is challenging owing to poor formalin fixation caused by lengthy surgical procedures and demineralization. New sampling and fixation methods are required to prevent the loss of important variants. We aimed to improve nucleic acid preservation in HNSCC specimens using a new collection method.
Methods
A total of 128 samples from 44 patients with HNSCC were included: 32 genetic analysis samples (GAS), which were collected from the tumor surface in the operation room and immediately placed in a 25 mL bottle with 10% neutral buffered formalin solution; 43 primary tumor components (Primary); 14 decalcified tumor samples (DC); 32 metastatic tumors in lymph nodes (LN); and seven parakeratinized components (PKC) from HNSCC. The quality of nucleic acids in the GAS, Primary, DC, LN, and PKC samples was compared using the DNA integrity number (DIN), RNA integrity number (RIN), the percentage of RNA fragments with > 200 nucleotides (DV200), and methyl green-pyronin (MGP) staining. The next-generation sequencing (NGS) metrics of the Primary, LN, and PKC from three HNSCC samples were also assessed.
Results
The DIN was significantly higher in the GAS than in the Primary, LN, and DC groups (p < 0.05). The RIN decreased in the order LN, GAS, Primary, and DC. DV200 was significantly higher in the GAS than in the primary and DC groups (p < 0.05). On MGP staining, the preserved DNA and RNA were visualized in the GAS, Primary tumors from 2022, and LN, but not in DC. The PKC samples contained DNA, but RNA was not detected. NGS, using DNA extracted from the PKC samples, reliably detected mutations. No significant differences were detected in most NGS metrics among the Primary, LN, and PKC samples.
Conclusions
GAS should be collected during routine hospital activities, especially for head and neck tumors. Moreover, when the volume of viable materials is limited, PKC should be considered for genetic analysis. Finally, MGP staining is useful for pre-pathological analysis.
Unleashing Economic Potential: Decoding the Fdi-economic Growth Nexus in G-15 Economies Amidst Unique Host Country Traits
Authors: BAJAJ AASTHA ,   2.	Dr Lakshmi Bhooshetty
Published: August 2023

The study aims to examine the impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on Economic Growth in G-15 countries while considering the influence of key host country characteristics, namely Macroeconomic Stability, Financial Development, Human Capital, and Trade Openness. The selection of these variables is supported by both theoretical foundations and empirical studies that highlight their significant role in shaping the FDI-growth interconnection. Panel data derived from World Bank Indicators, spanning the period from 1989 to 2021 are analysed using a Feasible Generalized Least Squares method (FGLS). The findings demonstrated that increased Financial Development, Human Capital, and Trade Openness enhanced the positive effects of FDI on economic growth. However, Inflation has a negative effect on growth. Policymakers in these nations should give precedence to developing strong financial markets, promoting trade liberalization, and investing in human capital to optimize the advantages of FDI. This research addresses a critical gap in the literature as limited empirical work has been conducted on the FDI-growth relationship specific to the G-15 economies. By employing rigorous panel data methodology and a long-term dataset, this study provides original insights into the interaction between FDI and host country characteristics, contributing to the existing body of knowledge.
An updated review of synthesis and characterization of some new thiazolidinones containing coumarin moiety and their antimicrobial study.
Authors: Kushwaha Shekhar Prakash
Published: August 2023

Purpose: The main purposes of this study were to investigate the therapeutic qualities of small ring heterocycles containing nitrogen and sulfur, with a focus on thiazoles, and their potential as pharmaceutically significant compounds. The research aimed to explore the biological actions of substances with thiazole nuclei, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antifungal characteristics.
Methods: First, coumarin Schiff bases were reacted with iodoacetic acid to create a new class of thiazolidinones. The synthesis of 4-Chloro coumarin 2 and 4-Chloro-3, 4', 3', 4"-tercoumarin 2a was carried out by combining 4-hydroxy coumarin and phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5). Moreover, the combination of toluenediamine sulfate and compound 2 led to the formation of 4-[(4-aminophenyl) amino]-2H-chromen-2-one. To create various Schiff bases of coumarin, 4-[(4-aminophenyl) amino]-2H-chromen-2-one was condensed with different aldehydes. The synthesized compounds' structures were verified using techniques such as IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analyses (C, H, N).
Results: This investigation suggests the potential of the compound like synthesis of 4-Chloro coumarin 2, 4-Chloro-3, 4', 3', 4"-tercoumarin 2a, and 4-[(4-aminophenyl) amino]-2H-chromen-2-one demonstrated the successful creation of novel compounds through specific reactions. The condensation of 4-[(4-aminophenyl) amino]-2H-chromen-2-one with various aldehydes led to the generation of distinct Schiff bases of coumarin.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the study highlighted the significance of small ring heterocycles containing nitrogen and sulfur, particularly thiazoles, in the development of important pharmaceutical compounds. The successful synthesis of novel compounds through specific reactions underscores the versatility of the methods employed. The structural verification of the newly synthesized compounds further supports the validity of the study's findings.
Voluntary participation with outside individual options facilitates group collaboration via improved optimism
Authors: Mori Ryutaro , Hanaki Nobuyuki , Kameda Tatsuya
Published: August 2023

Whether in business ventures or research projects, voluntary participation is at the heart of collaboration. Previous studies concerning collaboration have primarily focused on the free-riding problem, largely overlooking this mundane but critical aspect. We address this gap by modeling collaborative situations as people’s voluntary choices between joining an uncertain public goods provisioning in groups and pursuing a certain but less profitable individual option. Theoretically and experimentally, we show that this voluntariness increases the likelihood of group success by filtering out otherwise pessimistic defectors or encouraging them toward cooperation. We further discuss how our findings can be synthesized with the larger body of literature about collective versus individual options: We show that whether individual options aid or hinder collaboration hinges on the degree of the “externality” of loners (who pursue the individual option) to the group. As long as the externality is small, the existence of individual options robustly aids collaborative success by fostering cooperation through improved optimism within groups.
Food and health security impact of climate change in Bangladesh: a review
Authors: Moon Monira Parvin
Published: August 2023

There are major threats to Bangladesh's food and health security posed by climate change, including a higher risk of food shortage, hunger, and waterborne illnesses. The country's coastline regions, which are most susceptible to the effects of climate change, are where these problems are most severe. The influence of climate change on Bangladesh's food and health security is examined in this research study. The report analyzes the existing level of understanding on this subject, identifies knowledge gaps, and proposes future research possibilities. Based on the literature review, the study found a number of issues, such as crop failure and lower health status, that worsen the effects of climate change on food and health security. The evaluation emphasizes the serious threats that climate change poses to Bangladesh's food and health security, such as a higher risk of food shortage, hunger, and waterborne illnesses. The harshest effects of climate change are on people's health. The report makes a number of suggestions for academics and politicians to address these issues and how policymakers and scholars may approach these problems.
Stormwater runoff pollution control performance of permeable concrete pavement and constructed wetland combined system: toward on-site reuse
Authors: Zhao Jinhui , Shu Lisha , Wu Mengke , Han Jiabi , Luo Shuyu , Tang Jixian
Published: August 2023

Urban waterlogging and the deterioration of receiving water quality caused by stormwater runoff have become increasingly significant problems. Based on the concept of combining grey and green infrastructure, a combined permeable concrete pavement (PCP) and constructed wetland (CW) system has been developed to treat stormwater runoff and enable on-site reuse. The results showed that the removal rate of suspended solids (SS) by PCP ranged from 96.61 to 99.20%; however, the chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the effluent did not meet the standards required for rainwater reuse. For the combined PCP-CW system, the removal rates of COD, TN and TP by the CW were 48.45–75.12%, 47.26–53.05%, and 59.04–75.28%, respectively, under different hydraulic loading (HL) rates; thus, the effluent TN concentrations did not consistently meet the reuse standards. Further optimization of aeration in different parts of the CW revealed that aeration in the middle and front sections of the wetland had the most significant effect on pollutant removal, under which the TN concentrations in the effluent met the standard required for reuse. The effluent from the combined PCP-CW system was able to fully meet the stormwater reuse standards under these optimized conditions, and the reuse of urban stormwater runoff can therefore be realized.
Comparison of Different Treatment Regimens for Long-term Improvement
of Renal Function in Patients with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura: A
Systematic Review
Authors: Reicy Razieh , Jari Mohsen
Published: August 2023

Background:

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (IgA vasculitis) is the most common childhood
vasculitis, one of its complications is renal involvement. However, several treatment regimens
have been proposed to improve renal function in the long term, but which drug regimen can
be most effective is still controversial.

Methods:

This study was a systematic review. In order to find evidence related to the purpose of
this study, databases including Google Scholar, Web of Science, ProQuest and Medline via
PubMed, and Scopus were searched with the appropriate keywords. QUADAS-2 (a Quality Assessment
tools for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) checklist was also used to evaluate the quality of
studies. Based on the keywords used in reviewing the information sources of scientific articles, in
the first stage, 86 studies were included in the review. Taking into account characteristics such as
lack of homogeneity with the objectives of the present study, finally, 11 studies were selected for
analysis and final evaluation.

Results:

A total of 11 studies, including 722 patients in the age range of 5.5 to 9.9 years with HSP
were included in the study. The follow-up period of the patients varied from 6 months to 16 years
in terms of examining the treatment process. In terms of study type, 7 studies were conducted as
prospective or retrospective (non-interventional) cohorts and 4 studies as randomized clinical trials.
The treatment regimen of injectable methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisolone resulted in
a long-term recovery of 79.2% (95% confidence interval between 0.66% and 88.2%); however, the
need for additional immunosuppressive in two studies was mentioned as 38% and 46.1%, respectively.
In the therapeutic regimen of oral methylprednisolone alone, a significant improvement in
long-term renal function was achieved in comparison with placebo. Administration of injectable
methylprednisolone followed by cyclosporine A had the highest effectiveness in terms of improving
renal function in the long term.

Conclusion:

Regimes based on the administration of prednisolone (either oral or injectable, either
as a single drug or as a combination) lead to long-term improvement of renal function in patients
with HSP, but the use of other immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine A, of course, with
optimizing the drug dose can lead to a significant improvement in the clinical performance.
influence of instructional leadership and organizational commitment to elementary schools teacher performance in Central Lombok
Authors: Nazim Muhamad , Agung Anak Agung Gede , Yudana I Made , Dantes Kadek Rihendra
Published: August 2023

The research objective was to determine the effect of instructional leadership and organizational commitment on the performance of elementary school teachers in the Central Lombok District. The research design is descriptive and quantitative with a research sample of 361 teachers based on Morgan's theory which is corrected using the Warwick and Lininger formulas. Data collection techniques using questionnaires were then analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The research results are; (1) Instructional Leadership has a direct positive and significant effect on Organizational Commitment as indicated by the results of the T-Statistic 87.320 and P-Values 0.000; (2) Instructional leadership has a direct positive and significant effect on teacher performance as indicated by the results of the T-Statistic 17.207 and P-Values 0.000; (3) Organizational Commitment has a direct positive and significant effect on teacher performance as indicated by the results of the T-Statistic 9.620 and P-Values 0.000; (4) Instructional Leadership has a positive and significant indirect effect on teacher performance through Organizational Commitment shown by the results of T-Statistics 9.429 and P-Values 0.000. The findings of this study are that Instructional Leadership has a direct effect on Organizational Commitment and Teacher Performance.
A Narrative Comparison of Simcheongjeon with Buyongjeon and Their Educational Significance
Authors:   Korean Language & Literature, Gim Sun-jae
Published: August 2023

Based on the narrative similarities between Simcheongjeon and Buyongjeon, this study revealed the educational value through comparison of these two Classical novels. In addition, in relation to the secondary school teacher appointment examination, its educational significance was considered. First, the original tales of Simcheongjeon and Buyongjeon were compared. Since these two classical novels have similar narratives, the original tales are also similar. In these two novels, Self-sacrifice filial piety folktale, Human sacrifice folktale, Dragon king’s palace folktale, Revival folktale appear in common. On the other hand, there is a difference between Conception dream folktale and Gaining eyesight folktale appear in Simcheongjeon and Geomancy folktale and Getting medicine folktale appear in Buyongjeon. Second, the narrative structure of Simcheongjeon and Buyongjeon were compared. These two classical novels have similar narrative, so the narrative structure can be divided into four categories: birth and growth, filial piety and sell oneself into slavery, death and rebirth, and family reunion and wealth. The narrative structure of the two novels follows these four frameworks, and although there are narrative differences in detail, they generally have similar narratives. Third, based on the narrative similarity between Simcheongjeon and Buyongjeon, the educational significance was considered through the comparison of these two works. If the instructor make the learner figure out the original tales of Simcheongjeon, and substitutes it into Buyongjeon, the learner can easily figure out the original tales of Buyongjeon. Also, if the instructor presents the summary and comparison of the narrative structures of Simcheongjeon and Buyongjeon to the learners, the learners can compare the narrative similarities and differences of these two novels at a glance, so they can figure out the narrative structure of the two works quickly and clearly. The problem of identifying the original tales of classical novel and comparing of narrative structure among classical prose are often presented in the secondary school teacher appointment examination. In addition, comparison of the original tales and narrative structure between Simcheongjeon and Buyongjeon, which have similar narrative, may appear in future examination, so it is important to understand this.
Classical and Non-Classical Neural Communications
Authors: Winlow William , Fatemi Rouholah , Johnson Andrew S.
Published: August 2023

This review was constructed to show how the connectome has evolved in motor command systems from simple command elements to complex systems of neurons utilizing parallel distributed processing and the possibility of quantum entanglement between groups of neurons. Scientific and medical interest in neural pathways and their connections have driven neuroscience and brain research for many decades so that specific systems and their feedback loops have been considered in detail. We review motor command systems in invertebrate and vertebrate nervous systems, using PubMed and more generalized searches. We contemplate the attractiveness of the command neuron concept and why it has been largely superseded by parallel distributed processing (PDP) in both vertebrate and invertebrate models. Action potentials, synaptic connectivity and communication within the nervous system are extremely important to understanding basic neurological and physiological functions. However, newer concepts suggest computation within nervous systems may resemble quantum phase computation and that computational action potentials are also quantal. We suggest that a rational form of computation that can operate according to the physiological constraints of neurons and their connectivity is essential in further evaluating neuronal interactions. We also consider recent studies that indicate that quantum entanglement may occur in the human brain. Thus some brain functions may be non-classical, most likely the phenomena of consciousness and self-awareness. The significance of this review is that future studies on motor command should not just consider the connectome but should also consider computational systems within nervous systems and the likelihood of quantum entanglement between groups of neurons not currently indicated by the connectome.
The impact of active and passive smoking on IL-6 serum levels for Iraqi
healthy people
Authors: MA. Wadai Ghasoun
Published: August 2023

Cigarette smoking is responsible for respiratory tract disorder by inducing the inflammation response. Interleukin-6 is an essential inflammatory interleukine
produced by macrophages and epithelial cells of the airways. Due to the critical
gap in our knowledge about the secretion of IL-6 by healthy smokers, this study
aimed to evaluate the serum level of interleukin-6 for healthy people due to active
and passive smoking and compared them with healthy non-smokers. The research
population included (49=n) healthy males aged from 22 to 28 years, classified into
3 groups: non-smokers (n =10), active smokers (n =29), and passive smokers (n
=10). An ELISA kit(Peprotech Company) (USA) was used to quantify interleukin-6 in serum levels. The result has displayed significantly increased mean IL-6
serum levels for active smokers (552.7 pg/ml) and passive smokers (614.9 pg/ml)
in comparison with non-smokers (332.8 pg/ml) at levels (P 0.01 ). Both passive
and active smoking induce the secretion of IL-6 for healthy smokers significantly
higher than non-smokers. So, little contact with cigarette smoke or passive
smoking raises the pro-inflammatory IL-6 and active smoking.
Keywords: Healthy active smoking, healthy passive smoking, IL-6
A study on the effectiveness of antibiotics against bacteria isolated from the
Al-Khassa river in Kirkuk city, Iraq
Authors: Kamal Tawfiq Sanarya , Mohammed Qader Staar , Abdullah Al-Azzawy Muhannad
Published: August 2023

Sewage uses wastewater consisting of human excreta, wash waters, and industrial
and agricultural wastes (e.g., wastes from livestock, i.e., chicken, cattle, and
horse) that enter the sewage system. The study aims to study bacteria isolated
from sewage water to know their source and different antibiotics used and compare it with other bacteria present in human excretion. This study was carried out
in March - 2019. 30) Water samples were taken from the Al-Khassa River in
Kirkuk, starting from the Al-Tabaqchary bridge to the Domiez bridge; all the
samples were worked in the general health laboratory of Kirkuk. All the water
samples were collected in sterile containers and were processed within one hour
after arriving at the laboratory. First, it was cultured on blood and MacConkey
agar for each sample; the petri dishes were put in an aerobic incubator at 37 C0 for
24 hours. It was isolated on nutrient agar for purification, incubating at 37 C0 for
24 hours. Bacterial colonies were identified based on diagnosis using morphology, cultured, and biochemical characteristics. The antimicrobial screening was
performed using Muller-Hinton agar disk diffusion assay for signing drug sensitivity; the study showed that E. coli represented the most isolated bacteria from
Al-Khassa River (14 isolates), Serratia marcescens (10 isolates), Pseudomonas
aeruginosa (5 isolates) and Proteus spp. (only 2 isolates), The study showed that
gentamicin was the most active antibiotic against the Gram-negative bacilli isolates tested, as only 2.6% of these isolates were resistant to this antibiotic at concentrations up to 10μg while susceptible to clindamycin.
Keywords: Al-Khassa; Kirkuk; Sewege, river; Contamination
Comparison of the activity of boiling water extract of purple cabbage leaves and albendazole drug against protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus In vitro study.
Authors: Mahmood ALhadidi Ridhab , Khudhair Al-Hamairy Ahmed , M. Altameme Huda Jasim
Published: August 2023

Hydatid cystic disease is a financial burden in Iraq because it reduces the productivity of sheep, goats, cows, and camels by leaving their afflicted organs unsuitable for human consumption, causing weight loss and poor health. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and applicability of Brassica oleracea boiling water extract as an in-vitro anti-protoscolices therapy model to albendazole. Fresh leaves of purple cabbages (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) were extracted comprehensively by maceration in boiling water, and the required 100, 200, and 300 mg/ml concentrations were tested. Hydatid (human or animal) samples were collected from the hospital and external laboratories in Babylon province and stored in Kreb ringers culture media and cyst fluid (4:1) until use. For comparison, several concentrations of albendazole were generated. In three replications, the control group received one milliliter of distilled water and all of the extract and drug concentrations stated above. The viability rates of the protoscolices were determined for (0, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, 192, 216) hours. According to the findings, the proportion of viable protoscolices was 84 % at zero time and 0 % on the ninth day after the experiment began. The boiling water extract for purple cabbages with a concentration of 300 mg/ml was shown to be the most successful in removing protoscolices viability at a percentage of 0.67% after 96 hours, compared to the albendazole medicine at a percentage of 0% after 120 hours. The findings of a boiling water extract from Brassica oleracea var. capitata revealed that protoscolices' viability had been effective. It can also be used as an alternative to chemotherapy in treating cyst hydatid infection. Keywords: Purple cabbages, Protoscolices, Echinococcosis, Albendazole, plant extract
Analysis of ship accident resulting from bad weather conditions in the port of Khor
Al-Zubair, Iraqi crane accident Aba Thar: a case study
Authors: Al-Behadili Ahmed A. , T. Al-Taai Osama , Ali Al-Muhy Abdul Haleem
Published: August 2023

The Arabian Gulf region is regarded as one of the world's most significant commercial areas, with large-scale and continuous marine shipments of commodities
and goods to and from the Gulf. Iraqi ports are one of the most important ports in
the Gulf, and they are a vital source of revenue for the Iraqi economy because of
the money they bring in, as any stoppage of operations or damage to the ports
may lead Iraq to lose a significant amount of money and halt shipping operations.
Maritime accidents are one of the most significant concerns that have resulted in
the suspension of maritime navigation and loading and unloading activities in
Iraqi ports since there are various forms of marine accidents and many causes.
With this study, we will look at maritime accidents caused by bad weather, as
there have been many recent marine mishaps and ship collisions caused by bad
weather, resulting in the loss of life and equipment and halting marine activities.
We'll look at a few incidents, the meteorological conditions that contribute to
them, and the link between them and the most likely cause of the accident. We
will study an accident that occurred in the port of Khor Al-Zubair in 2018, which
is considered one of the most important ports of Iraq, as it contains berths for importing and exporting goods, as well as on many of the Iraqi oil export berths, the
accident of the Iraqi crane, Aba Thar. This report advises Iraqi port officials to
limit activity in severe weather to reduce accidents that lead to loss of life and
equipment and significant economic losses to the country.
Keywords: Khor Al-Zubair, Maritime accidents, Aba Thar, Bad weather, The
Arabian Gulf