bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beta-Cyfluthrin-Induced Hepatic Alterations in Zebrafish: Enzymatic Profiles and Oxidative Stress Responses
Authors: Kadiru Sandhya , D’Souza Roshan C.
Published: May 2024

Beta-Cyfluthrin is a widely used pesticide belonging to class of synthetic pyrethroids which affects the central and peripheral nervous systems. The current study investigates the impact of beta-Cyfluthrin on the biochemical parameters of liver of zebrafish (Danio sp.). Adult zebrafish were exposed to concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L of beta-Cyfluthrin for acute (96 hours) and chronic (21 days) exposure periods respectively (n=20). It was observed that exposure to beta-Cyfluthrin led to variations in biochemical markers in both acute and chronic exposure groups. Liver function tests revealed significant elevated activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) at exposure concentrations of 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L of beta-Cyfluthrin in both acute and chronic groups, while acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity decreased significantly at concentrations of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L in the chronic group. Lipid peroxidation exhibited a concentration and time-dependent increase with significant difference at 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L in both acute and chronic groups, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (PER) levels declined significantly in both acute and chronic exposure groups at exposure concentrations of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L for SOD and 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L for PER.  Catalase (CAT) initially increased significantly in acute groups of 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L but decreased in chronic ones. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) levels exhibited a significant increase at lower concentrations of 0.25 µg/L but a decrease at higher concentrations, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 µg/L of beta-Cyfluthrin. The level of significance were considered at p<0.05 and p<0.01. This research suggests that exposure to beta-Cyfluthrin leads to hepatic damage in adult zebrafish. This indicates a potential risk to non-target aquatic fauna, through runoff where beta-Cyfluthrin is used as an agricultural pesticide.
Znamiona współczesnej rewolucji kulturowej
Authors: Błąd Marta , Kaczmarek Piotr
Published: May 2024

Artykuł stanowi próbę wskazania znamion współczesnej rewolucji kulturowej. Zostały zaprezentowane wybrane ideologie, uderzające w ustalony porządek świata (np. ideologia gender, LGBT, feminizm i inne). Uderzają one bowiem w prawdę o człowieku, sieją zamęt i przysparzają cierpienia. Wśród najważniejszych znamion rewolucji kulturowej można wymienić zasadę rozwadniania pojęć i tworzenie wrażenia tak zwanej „płynnej rzeczywistości” (liquid reality). Ideologie swój program wprowadzają metodą małych kroków, nie odsłaniając od razu prawdziwych intencji. Charakterystycznym dla opisywanych zjawisk jest tzw. „zapętlenie” (circulus vitiosus), rewolucje bardzo często wracają do punktu wyjścia. Burzą zastany porządek, by potem ustanowić go na nowo. Bardzo trudno zidentyfikować konkretnego sprawcę działań rewolucyjnych z racji na globalny zasięg instytucji i organizacji szerzących nowe ideologie. Jako pewną odpowiedź na opisywane zjawiska zasygnalizowano perspektywę Kościoła katolickiego. Ponadto wydaje się, że prawidłowa diagnoza dotycząca założeń różnych ideologii może przyczynić się do ujawnienia ich fałszywej aksjologii.
Konflikt zbrojny a miłosierdzie w środkach społecznego przekazu
Authors: Warchoł Paweł
Published: May 2024

Konflikt zbrojny wymusza, aby osoby w nim uczestniczące, zaangażowały się na rzecz dobra. Media zatem ukazując z jednej strony okrucieństwo wojny, prezentują również ludzi pełnych poświęcenia, ratujących życie innych. W tej walce zaangażowani są nie tylko żołnierze, ale również przywódcy państw oraz Kościół, stale podkreślający konieczność obrony ludzkiego życia i podejmowania niezbędnych działań dialogowych w celu przywrócenia utraconego pokoju. Dowodem tego są działania papieży, w tym św. Jana Pawła II, biskupów i świeckich, którzy we współpracy z mediami oraz dokonywaniem szeregu inicjatyw pokojowych i modlitewnych, skutecznie wpływali na powstrzymanie czy zapobieganie wojny. Media swoją działalnością pokazują też swoją siłę wolontariatu oraz przykłady osób, które potrafiły uruchomić pokłady ludzkiego serca w skutecznej walce ze złem. Siłę czerpali z modlitwy, dowodząc, że jest ona nadzieją w tych ciężkich czasach.
Dziennikarstwo jako zawód sektora kreatywnego
Authors: Kaleta Mateusz
Published: May 2024

Branża medialna jest częścią gospodarki kreatywnej. Wobec tego należy uznać, że zawód dziennikarski, immanentny dla tej branży, należy do grupy zawodów kreatywnych. W niniejszym artykule zostały podjęte rozważania nad koncepcją zawodu dziennikarza oraz cechami konstytutywnymi tego zawodu, które pozwalają uznać go za kreatywny, a zarazem charakteryzujący się określoną specyfiką. Proces konwergencji mediów i przemiany, jakie zachodzą w ich obszarze przyczyniły się do tego że dziennikarstwo stało się profesją w której coraz częściej odchodzi się od tradycyjnego notesu i długopisu na rzecz cyfrowych technologii pozyskiwania i przekazywania materiału. Z tego też powodu pojawia się coraz więcej koncepcji definiowania tego zawodu. Wobec tego kluczowe jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie – kogo aktualnie można uznać za dziennikarza? Ta kwestia często staje się przedmiotem refleksji naukowej oraz dyskusji prowadzonej wśród praktyków. Ustalenie charakterystyk, dzięki którym będzie można wskazać, czy ktoś jest lub nie jest dziennikarzem, będzie miało swoje konsekwencje dla późniejszego definiowania i określania poziomu zaangażowania w tym zawodzie. Stąd zasadne staje się poszukiwanie takiej koncepcji, która najlepiej charakteryzowałaby dziennikarstwo, jednocześnie obejmując swoim zakresem szeroko rozproszone zadania związane z tą profesją.
Znaczenie wychowania w duchu katolickiej etyki gospodarczej w kształtowaniu właściwych postaw społecznych w finansach (Zagadnienia wybrane)
Authors: Kucharski Adam
Published: May 2024

Świat współczesnych finansów zdominował życie gospodarcze końca XX wieku i początku XXI wieku. W istotnej części stał się on wyznacznikiem społecznych celów oraz oczekiwań wielu ludzi. Ten stan rzeczy musi budzić poważne zaniepokojenie. Jest ono tym głębsze, że sztuczne potrzeby kreowane przez świat nachalnej reklamy utrudniają właściwą optykę na życie doczesne i wieczne. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest sygnalizacja obszarów wymagających pilnej edukacji w zakresie etyki chrześcijańskiej. Chodzi o zwrócenie uwagi - na niepokojące zjawiska w obszarze finansów i naszkicowanie w odniesieniu do nich filarów etosu chrześcijańskiego zarządcy. Drogą to tego jest przywołanie wybranych wypowiedzi z zakresu katolickiej nauki społecznej, na tle szkicu szczególnie rażących zjawisk życia finansowo-gospodarczego. Nauczanie wspomnianych rudymentów etyki finansów jawi się obecnie coraz pilniejszą potrzebą, stąd niniejszy artykuł, w zamyśle autora, może być skromnym wkładem w rzeczony proces wychowawczy.
Bł. Maria Angela Truszkowska – założycielka Zgromadzenia Sióstr Felicjanek
Authors: Mandziuk Józef
Published: May 2024

Celem niniejszego opracowania jest ukazanie życia i działalności bł. Marii Angeli Truszkowskiej, współzałożycielki Zgromadzenia Sióstr Felicjanek. Od wczesnej młodości myślała ona o niesieniu pomocy potrzebującym. Z własnej inicjatywy założyła dom dla sierot i staruszek w Warszawie, przygarnęła współpracownice i poddała się kierownictwu duchowemu bł. o. Honorata Koźmińskiego. Po upadku powstania styczniowego, przeniosła się do Krakowa, gdzie nastąpiła odrodzenie wspólnoty i jej wielki rozwój. Ze względu na chorobę, musiała zrzec się funkcji przełożonej i przez 30 lat modlitwą, cierpieniem i pracą w ogrodzie, potrafiła całkowicie zaufać Bogu, i wiernie wypełniał Jego Wolę. Założona przez nią wspólnota życia konsekrowanego przeżywa wielki rozkwit na obu półkulach. Ona zaś dostąpiła chwały ołtarzy i jej relikwie znalazły się w Sanktuarium Najświętszej Maryi Panny Gwiazdy Nowej Ewangelizacji i św. Jana Pawła II w Toruniu.
Reformas y prácticas para mejorar el posicionamiento de las universidades bolivianas en el ranking QS Latinoamérica
Authors: Gonzales Ticona Yoshida
Published: May 2024

En las últimas décadas, los rankings universitarios internacionales se han convertido en una herramienta clave para evaluar y comparar el rendimiento de las instituciones académicas en todo el mundo. Hoy en día, la gente no ve la antigüedad de las universidades ni su ubicación geográfica. En cambio, lo primero que viene a la mente a un estudiante o a sus padres es el posicionamiento de las universidades en el sistema de clasificación. Los rankings universitarios miden la calidad del sistema universitario de un país.  Muchos estudios consideran que son una herramienta eficaz para identificar áreas de fortaleza, determinar cómo se compara una organización con otras y exponer fallas que deben remediarse.  Sin embargo, la contraparte considera que la metodología de evaluación de los rankings es muy ambigua.  No obstante, la popularización de los rankings es cada vez mayor y todo indica que están aquí para quedarse; una universidad puede beneficiarse de pertenecer y mejorar el posicionamiento en estos índices que son consultados por millones de personas a nivel mundial.  En este contexto, las universidades bolivianas enfrentan desafíos significativos para mantener su competitividad en este escenario global donde los rankings universitarios son consultados cada vez más por más estudiantes, padres que buscan una institución de formación profesional.  Este artículo, a través de una metodología de investigación cualitativa que se realizó mediante la revisión documental, observación y entrevistas a expertos en la temática, llega a determinar algunas reformas y prácticas que pueden mejorar el posicionamiento de las universidades bolivianas en el ranking QS de Latinoamérica.  Este artículo brinda información muy importante para que las universidades bolivianas y otras de la región estén mejor preparadas e informadas en este tema.
Efectos del entrenamiento intermitente de alta intensidad en el rendimiento de los deportistas de los clubes de la Universidad Técnica del Norte
Authors: Méndez Carvajal Vanessa Carolina , Ortiz Arciniega José Luis , Méndez Carvajal Erika Priscila , Méndez Urresta Edgar Marcelo
Published: May 2024

El objetivo principal de la investigación es evaluar los efectos del Entrenamiento Intermitente de Alta Intensidad (HIIT) en deportistas universitarios, practicantes de baloncesto, ecuavoley y taekwondo, de la Universidad Técnica del Norte (UTN). La metodología incluyó un diseño cuasiexperimental de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y de corte longitudinal con 50 participantes divididos en grupo experimental (GE) y grupo control (GC). Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y cinco pruebas físicas antes y después de un plan de entrenamiento de 8 semanas, con 24 sesiones de HIIT. Los resultados mostraron mejoras significativas en el GE en comparación con el GC en la composición corporal, con ganancia de masa muscular y una pérdida de grasa corporal notables, Se observaron mejoras significativas en la resistencia cardiovascular, evaluada mediante el VO2máx y la duración a través del test de Course de Navette, así como en la fuerza abdominal, flexiones de brazo y sentadillas. Sin embargo, no se observaron mejoras significativas en la velocidad de 30 metros. La aceptación de la hipótesis alternativa en la prueba estadística Z, refuerza la idea que el HIIT influye positivamente en el rendimiento general de los deportistas universitarios, con implicaciones tanto para la salud como para el rendimiento. Se concluye que el HIIT es una estrategia de entrenamiento efectiva y versátil respaldando su aplicación para mejorar la salud física y el rendimiento de los deportistas universitarios.
Coaching organizacional: Una herramienta estratégica en la gestión pública del Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado (GAD) Parroquial San José de Ancón, 2023
Authors: Solano Villón José Luis , Castro Loor Divar Sebastián
Published: May 2024

Actualmente el éxito de una organización depende de la capacidad de la dirección para utilizar métodos que permitan maximizar el capital humano. Por ello, el estudio investiga el impacto del coaching como método moderno y sus conexiones con la gestión pública del GAD Parroquial San José de Ancón. Esta investigación de tipo cualitativa y de alcance explicativo, formulado mediante la aplicación de entrevistas semiestructuradas a los 21 funcionarios del GAD parroquial y su posterior codificación y análisis en el sistema ATLAS.ti. El estudio concluye que, el uso del coaching en la gestión pública cambia gradualmente la cultura organizacional del GAD Parroquial. El cambio es posible porque el coaching provoca cambios en el comportamiento de las personas, estimula su creatividad, elabora planes y emprende acciones, a su vez conlleva a un impacto positivo en la motivación de los empleados.
La consulta previa, libre e informada en su contexto ecuatoriano: aplicabilidad y operatividad fallida desde su emisión constitucional
Authors: Ayora Cevallos Carina del Carmen , Iñiguez Fernández Frank Rodrigo , Loayza Apolo Franco Rafael , Ramírez Granda Karen Fernanda , Curipoma Aguinsaca Andrea Isabel , Lalvay Piedra Katiuska Alejandra
Published: May 2024

La situación jurídica-social en el país, se ha visto notablemente sacudida en estos años, en los cuales los tópicos de la democracia y la constitucionalidad, han entrado en franco abandono y desatención, cuando se ha descuidado presupuestos de vital importancia como la revisión y emisión de la normativa concreta y necesaria para hacer efectivo el contenido del texto constitucional vigente. En esta investigación, se describe una figura de particular trascendencia como lo es la Consulta Previa Libre e Informada, su existencia en la Carta Magna, y cómo es que, en el transcurso de los años, a pesar de constar un mandato constitucional para lograr el respeto y garantías en la existencia de los pueblos y comunidades autóctonas a través de esta figura jurídica, no se ha logrado una debida aplicación de la misma para conseguir un acceso geográfico en estos espacios, con la debida anuencia de los miembros y representantes de cada comunidad. De lo mencionado, y con la aplicación efectiva de los métodos de investigación como el exegético, analítico-sintético y doctrinario, se revelará que la falta de una normativa concreta para este fin, es el detrimento actual para que este importante presupuesto no haya desarrollado un fin plausible y encomioso al Estado social de derechos.
Los centros de bachilleratos tecnológico agropecuarios: un análisis de la calidad educativa en su devenir
Authors: Pérez López Rosalinda , Esparza Hernández Luis Gerardo , Salcedo Baca Irma , Morales Zavaleta Emilia
Published: May 2024

El artículo analiza los diferentes factores sociales, económicos y contextuales, en los cuales, los Centros de Bachilleratos Tecnológicos Agropecuarios han desempeñado un papel esencial dentro de la dinámica de desarrollo del país. Se analizan las características bajo las cuales, fueron creados dichos centros, se contrasta el desarrollo agropecuario del país desde la creación de los CBTAS y hasta su actualidad, pasando por varios desafíos económicos e institucionales que los ha probado y comprobado como centros educativos de considerable importancia para el plano nacional, dado que, de su presencia se deriva una formación técnica por parte de los estudiantes, los cuales, adquieren un cierto grado de dominio de los conocimientos ahí adquiridos y que esos mismos aspectos cognoscitivos son potenciados en otros grados superiores dentro de la academia. Se sostiene que la dinámica de la investigación agropecuaria se ha fortalecido con estos centros de bachillerato tecnológico agropecuario y que esta misma circunstancia es la que justifica la pertinencia de hoy en día. Se concluye que los CBTAS fueron creados para una misión de generar una base general de conocimiento, misma que serviría de andamiaje para la infraestructura técnica de otras universidades que hoy en día reflejan la productividad del país en cuestión de producción de alimentos, asi mismo, el agro mexicano obtiene de los CBTAS el dinamismo histórico que cumple con su cometido después de varias décadas de creación y esa oportunidad técnica y social es parte ya de la identidad de profesionistas que se identifica con sus raíces cimentadas en estos centros.
Analisis Kepuasan Masyarakat Terhadap Pelayanan Kantor Desa Minta Kasih Kecamatan Salapian Kabupaten Langkat
Authors: Fitriani Fitriani , Al Ghifari Muhammad , Sastika Weni , Dari Wulan
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan kualitas pelayanan dan kinerja pegawai ditinjau dari kepuasan masyarakat di Desa Minta Kasih Kecamatan Salapian Kabupaten Langkat. Permasalahan yang didapatkan dalam penelitian ini adalah: Bagaimana proses pelayanan kinerja kepala desa  pada masyarakat di Desa Minta Kasih Kecamatan Salapian Kabupaten Langkat. Dalam penelitian ini, data yang dianalisis menggunakan metode kualitatif, yaitu mendeskripsikan informasi yang dikumpulkan. Lokasi penelitian adalah kantor Kepala Desa Minta Kasih Kecamatan Salapian Kabupaten Langkat. Sumber informasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala desa beserta staff nya dan masyarakat desa Minta Kasih. Informasi dikumpulkan berdasarkan Observasi, wawancara dan dokumen yang dilakukan peneliti. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari analisis hasil kerja kepala desa Minta Kasih dilihat dari wawancara masyarakat, program kerja kepala desa Minta Kasih sudah sangat baik
Antusias Anak Desa Dalam Mengikuti Kegiatan Minggu Kreatif Di Desa Minta Kasih
Authors: Nabila Nasution Afifah , Rahmah Atika , Salsabila Avita , Suarni Arifin Cyntia
Published: May 2024

Minggu kreatif merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang diselenggarakan oleh mahasiswa/mahasiswi yang sedang melaksanakan pengabdian masyakarat di desa Minta Kasih, kecamatan Salapian, kabupaten Langkat. Tujuan diselenggarakannya kegiatan ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa antusias anak desa dalam mengikuti kegiatan Minggu kreatif di desa tersebut. Pelaksanaan kegiatan Minggu kreatif ini terbagi menjadi 5 kegiatan, diantaranya yaitu ice breaking, ranking 1, estafet karet, pembagian hadiah dan pemberian buku kepada semua peserta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif, yaitu dengan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa antusias anak desa dalam mengikuti kegiatan tersebut cukup baik serta memberi dampak yang positif kepada anak-anak desa terhadap perkembangan kognitif, afekftif dan psikomotoriknya. Hal ini dibuktikan dari banyaknya anak desa yang ikut berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan ini.
Penanaman Nilai Agama Dan Moral Pada Anak Usia Dini Melalui Kegiatan Maghrib Mengaji
Authors: Fatihah Alfito , Nurbayeni Mustika , Aisyah Nur , Asmal Sazatul
Published: May 2024

Kegiatan Maghrib Mengaji dilakukan oleh Mahasiswa Pendidikan Matematika-2 stambuk 21 di salah satu masjid yang ada di Desa Minta Kasih yaitu masjid Al-Ikhlas yang letaknya berada di Dusun II Desa Minta Kasih. Dalam pembahasan ini mengarah kepada kegiatan maghrib mengaji, maka subyek penelitian kami pada kali ini anak-anak usia dini di desa Minta Kasih. Tujuan dari kegiatan maghrib mengaji ini adalah untuk membangkitkan semangat anak-anak desa Minta Kasih untuk mencintai Al-Qur’an dan belajar ilmu agama, pada kegiatan ini anak-anak desa Minta Kasih cukup antusias dalam mengikuti aktivitas yang dilakukan.
Models of care and practice for the inpatient management of highly acute mental illness and acute severe behavioural disturbance: an Evidence Check rapid review
Authors: Fletcher Justine , Oostermeijer Sanne , Hamilton Bridget , Brophy Lisa , Minshall Catherine , Harvey Carol , Migliorini Christine , Whittles Nina , Jacques Megan , Muir-Cochrane Eimear , Zirnsak Tessa-May , Morrisroe Emma
Published: May 2024

Highly acute mental illness and acute severe behavioural disturbance (ASBD) are two of the most challenging problems faced by Mental Health Intensive Care Units (MHICU). ASBD is defined as behaviour that places the patient or others at imminent risk of injury or death. It includes extreme distress, aggression, and serious self-harm, in the context of mental illness. This Evidence Check assessed the literature on models of care and treatment strategies for these conditions, aiming to refine the model used in MHICU in NSW. It attempted to find the most effective models of care for high acuity and ASBD—and the barriers and enablers to implementing them. A total of 58 relevant papers were found, spanning 2015 to 2020. They were rated on a hierarchy of evidence designed for models of care and interventions in complex settings. Two models of care, ‘Safewards’ and ‘Improving the therapeutic milieu of the wards’, were rated as best practice. These were followed by five models of care, themes and groups of treatments at middle levels of the hierarchy, and nine themes and treatment practices at the lowest level. There were several features common to numerous papers in the review: therapeutic engagement, meaningful activities, safe spaces, and welcoming spaces. Barriers and enablers to implementation were generally not addressed specifically. However, themes emerging from the papers showed several enabling factors: training, buy-in from stakeholders at all levels of the organisation, and assessment of progress. Barriers to implementation included lack of support from management and lack of engagement from frontline staff. Complex, multilevel practice change interventions appear necessary for effective implementation.
MEASUREMENT OF STRESS LEVEL IN BUFFALOES BY THE EFFECT OF REPEATED RECTAL PALPATION IN TEACHING ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Alvi M. A. , Khan R. , Ullah N. , Ihtisham-ul-Haq M. , Ali H. , Tariq M. U. , Abbas G.
Published: May 2024

Livestock contributed 60.1 percent to the agriculture value added and 11.5 % in overall GDP during 2020-21 (Economic Survey 2020-21). Livestock plays a major and vital role in socio economic development of rural region of country. According to economic survey of Pakistan, 42.4 million buffalo population is present in Pakistan. Small holding buffalo farming system is present in rural areas of Pakistan. Rectal palpation is the most useful method for conducting pregnancy diagnosis, artificial inseminations and detection of various reproductive anomalies in large domestic animals like cows and buffaloes. This procedure, however, can prove to be stressful and painful for these animals which raise an animal health and welfare issue. Blood picture in terms of changed levels of cortisol, glucose, cholesterol and blood cells may occur in animals subjected to this procedure. Similarly, behavioral symptoms of elevated heart rate and respiratory rates may also occur. The aim of the current project, therefore, was to study the effects of repeated rectal palpation-related stress response in blood constituents in buffaloes so that the appropriate counter measures could be adapted to save the animals from impending pain and stress. The study was conducted on ten buffaloes divided into two groups each i.e. experimental and control. Buffaloes were subjected to rectal palpation procedure. Blood samples were collected before and after rectal palpation for serum cortisol and complete blood cells count. Blood samples were also collected from buffaloes of control group without rectal palpation. Physical parameters were also noted. No statistically significant difference found in cortisol levels, CBC or physical parameters i.e. TPR that demonstrates that rectal palpation procedure inflicts no harm to buffaloes and can be used for the training of students.
SEROTONIN IN THE MEDIATION OF BEHAVIORAL EFFECTS OF OMEGA-3 FISH OIL SUPPLEMENTS: A STUDY IN RATS.
Authors: F. Khan  , K. Jalal  , A. Gohar  , R. Afroz  , S. Nawaz  , T. Salman  , I. A. Khan  , D. J. Haleem
Published: May 2024

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omg-3 PUFAs) are widely prescribed for improving therapeutic strategies in many diseases. There are reports that the use of these supplements can reduce disease-related depression and anxiety in patients taking these supplements. However, pre-clinical research shows mixed results. In view of the role of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in anxiety and depression, the present study concern effects of omg-3 on anxiety-like behavior and on serotonin metabolism in brain regions known to have a role in anxiety. It was found that administration of omg-3 for 20 days did not alter food intake and body weight. The treatment reduced locomotor activity in an open field arena and enhanced anxiety-like behavior in an elevated plus-maze test. 5-HT concentration increased in the hippocampus (HPC) and midbrain (MB) but decreased in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Levels of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) were decreased in these regions. The tryptophan levels were not affected in the PFC but increased in the HPC and MB at a low dose; suggesting that decreases of 5-HT and 5-HIAA were not due to a decrease in the availability of tryptophan. The present study implied that unnecessary use of omg-3 supplements can reduce serotonin neurotransmission via the PFC to predispose to anxiety.
PATENTS AND THEIR SECURITY ISSUES USING BLOCK CHAIN TECHNOLOGY
Authors: K. Mashood  , H.U.R.Kayani  , A.A. Malik  , M. A. Raza  , A. Tahir
Published: May 2024

Blockchain technology is a recent development in the Internet world that has impacted a variety of industries. In a distributed system, data and transactions can be shared securely using point-to-point connections.The purpose of this study is to conduct research on how a person or organization may develop a patent strategy to safeguard patent rights and how patent data is protected using blockchain technology. The suggested blockchain-based patent data protection solutions offer improved data security, data strategy and performance enhancements. This paper discusses some well-known patent technologies to emphasize the need of protecting an idea or invention. As technology advances daily via the advancement of gadgets, it is more necessary to protect an original concept by filing a patent.
EFFECT OF PRE-HARVEST APPLICATION OF GA3 AND POTASSIUM NITRATE ON YIELD AND QUALITY OF PEACH FRUIT
Authors: H. Ayaz  , S. S. Shah  , I.Khan  , Abdullah  , B.Zaman  , F. Ali  , M. R.Rehman  , I. Khalil  , M. A. Khan  , A. Basit  , K.Khan  , M.Jamil  , A.Sufyan
Published: May 2024

The research study entitled “effect of pre harvest application of GA3 and potassium nitrate on yield and quality of peach fruit” was carried out at Horticulture Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2019. The plots were arranged using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. Three replications were used in the experiment. The experiment was conducted on already established peach orchard of almost 14 years old trees of Early Grande cultivar. The uniform size trees were selected and tagged for the experiment. The plants were managed under uniform cultural practices. The selected plants of peach cv. Early Grande were sprayed with various concentrations of Gibberellic acid (GA3) (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm) and potassium nitrate (KNO3) (0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) at berry stage. Peach plants were sprayed with GA3 and KNO3 and compared with control. The analysis of data showed that the foliar application of GA3 and KNO3 significantly influenced the yield and quality attributes of peach. Maximum fruit weight (111.98 g), chlorophyll content (51.00 SPAD), TSS (14.60 oBrix), fruit juice content (85.80 %), Fruit firmness (2.16 kg.cm-2), yield plant-1 (54.56 kg) and yield ha-1 (15.548 tons) were recorded in plants treated with 80 ppm of GA3. In case of KNO3 Maximum fruit weight (101.20 g), chlorophyll content (49.46 SPAD), TSS (13.38 oBrix), fruit juice content (84.86 %), Fruit firmness (2.12 kg.cm-2), yield plant-1 (51.56 kg) and yield ha-1 (14.829 tons) were recorded in plants treated with 3000 ppm of KNO3. Minimum days to maturity (72.52) and minimum number of fruits kg-1 (9.65) were found in plants sprayed with 80 ppm of GA3 while in case of KNO3 minimum days to maturity (76.92) and minimum number of fruits kg-1 (10.62) were found in plants sprayed with 3000 ppm of KNO3. Interactive effect of levels of GA3 and KNO3 was also found significant for some of the parameters. It is therefore concluded that when peach Early Grande cultivar sprayed with 80 ppm of GA3 and 3000 ppm of KNO3 the quality as well as yield of the crop were improved.
MANAGEMENTOF CORONAVIRUSIN PAKISTAN
Authors: M. R. Khan  , S. M. Shahzad
Published: May 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected people, especially in developing countries. There are problems and shocks from its rapid proliferation and fears of further growth. The situation demands that Pakistan’s government deeply engage in planning, consultations, and fixing constitutional breaches to develop a comprehensive national health policy. The issues of a compromised healthcare system need to be urgently addressed. The best way to save lives is to have quality protective gear. It is also crucial to create international health partnerships to save lives. The policy should also focus on the growing problem of fake news. Every effort should include creating investment opportunities in digital platforms and managing external economic domains to achieve growth. Policymakers must also ensure that small businesses stay operating while health emergencies arise.This study examines the entire range of rescue operations, management, and planning but concentrates on specific factors that affect the Pakistani government’s ability to enact far-reaching policies for the people’s benefit. Considering how pervasive the impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic are, studying what could happen next is inherently more probabilistic. Related perspectives and concerned subjects may be explored in a study of the present outbreak and the policies and efforts to end it. This study uses an analytical approach to take an insight into the health governance of Pakistan and the challenges it faces.
CROP WATER CONSUMPTION MODELLING AT OUTLET LEVEL BY USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS
Authors: I. Ali  , S. R. Ahmad  , W. K. Awan  , S. Rafiq
Published: May 2024

The enlarged demand of water due to agriculture expansion, increasing industrial and domestic needs, compounded with climate change is causing scarcity of water globally and Pakistan is also facing same conditions. Due to limited availability of water, it is necessary to adopt global best practices being employed for sustainable agricultural water management. Remote sensing techniques are being intensively used around the globe with confidence to monitor the crops growth and crop water use. The aim of the research is to develop crop water consumption monitoring system at the outlet level to regulate irrigation water distribution at farm level. Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) is used to develop pilot case study for year 2017-18 at a distributary canal command level named 5R-Yousafwala located in Sahiwal District. Crop classification based on Landsat-8 imagery was provided by Punjab Irrigation Department. Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 images were acquired for NDVI monitoring. Metrological data for Penman Monteith based evapotranspiration calculation was acquired from Global Land Data Assimilation System (GLDAS). Analogue cadastral maps of outlet command areas were converted to digital georeferenced format. The provided crop classification was verified after discussion with farmers during detailed field survey. In Rabi season of 2017-18, mean evapotranspiration (ET) actual was estimated about 352 mm, while in Kharif season of 2018, it was estimated as 425 mm. The crop water deficit was estimated as 36 % in rabi season and 30 % in kharif season. Irrigation share was only 37 % in Rabi season and 48% in Kharif season. Rainfall contributed 09 % in Rabi season and 30% in Kharif season. Groundwater was paramount contributor with 54 % share in rabi season while in Kharif season it contributed relatively minor share of 22%. The ET potential and ET actual fluctuate in all outlet commands due to the diverse crop cover and economic capacity to pump groundwater. The results could be proved very useful for irrigation department to monitor and reform the irrigation supplies at particular outlets by observing the crop demand, weather conditions and crop stage instead of monitoring outlet discharge only.
DEFINING TIME AND DETERMINING THE FACTORS WHICH GOVERN TIME
Authors: Zahra F. , G. Abbas  , M. Rasool  , R. A. Qureshi
Published: May 2024

For centuries, the word ‘time’ has mystified almost every intellectual of every era. Man has always been in search of its proper definition but in vain. In this paper, we aim to give the best possible definition of time. Moreover, the former concept that time is a universally independent variable will also be rectified. Time depends on two basic factors, with a basic assumption that Einstein’s proposal of the space-time fabric is correct. Pictorial representations will also be provided for a better understanding. The theoretical discussion will be further supported by mathematical proof.
Objectives: To give an appropriate definition of time. To prove that time depends on two quantities and is not an independent quantity in itself. To give mathematical derivations as a proof for the dependence of time on its various factors.
CLASSIFICATION OF HEALTHY AND DIABETIC PATIENT BASED UPON EYE’S RETINA HEALTH CONDITIONS USING MACHINE LEARNING
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Z. Suhail
Published: May 2024

Diabetes has become a global and common disease. There are numerous effects of this disease. Its effect can leads to complete blindness if proper medical precautions are not taken timely. The objective of this research is to classify the patient whether the patient is diabetic or not based upon the training of the model by binary classification of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR). We used available dataset that consists of many eye retina images. A hybrid methodology used in this research that consists of histograms and extraction of first and second order feathers. We investigated a lot of difference between the histograms of normal retina of eye than the affected eyes. The researchers generated histograms of the eye retina images, fetch its first order (mean, median, variance etc. ) and second order features (energy, entropy, homogeneity and contrast etc.). We achieved 0.814 precision, 0.821 accuracy, 0.821 and 0.817 f1 score using decision tree. Hence it can be used effectively for identifying DR and early detection of diabetic patient.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT PLANTS ( NEEM AND BUTTERFLY PEA PLANT)
Authors: Jennica Rose  , Autif Hussain Mangi  , Fahim Ullah Khan
Published: May 2024

The Neem and Butterfly Pea Plants have gained much attention recently due to their medicinal value, therapeutic effect, and nutritive role. A comparative study of Neem and Butterfly Pea Plants through biochemical parameters proves helpful in determining their role in a preferential manner. This was an analytic/experimental study on the proximate analysis of Neem and Butterfly pea plant. The plant sampling was done within the premises of the University of Sindh in the month of December 2022. The proximate analysis was done in the lab of the Institute of Biochemistry University of Sindh. The resulting data was compiled and the average and standard deviation were calculated from the replicate values of Neem and Butterfly pea plant samples. Further data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21, and a t-test was performed to find the level of significance between the two groups. The P value of <0.05 was set as statistically significant. We observed that the Butterfly pea plants were more under the effect of Nitric acid and Ethanol compared to the Neem. Also, the Leaves and Stem obtained from the Butterfly pea plants were more under effect of Nitric acid and Ethanol compared to the Neem. 88% of the stem portion of Butterfly Pea Plant was solubilized by HNO3 and 92% of the leaf portion of Butterfly Pea Plant was solubilized by HNO3. The results from our proximate analysis indicated that the proximate values Butterfly Pea Plants vary greatly compared to the Neem. Our results concluded that the Butterfly pea plants had more ethanol soluble and Nitric acid soluble components compared to the Neem. This study is important in providing additional knowledge about proximate values, the medicinal and biochemical role of Butterfly Pea Plants, and their comparison with the Neem.
CHARACTERIZATION AND TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER OF DAIRY INDUSTRY
Authors: Ghous Dr.
Published: May 2024

Now a day’s dairy industry has become very popular. The present study has been conducted to identify the characteristics of dairy industry’s wastewater as well as its treatment. It was concluded that the BOD values of untreated wastewater are in the range of 738 mg/L- 83l mg/L and treated wastewater is in the range of 80 mg/L- 126 mg/L. COD values were in the range of 739 mg/L-839 mg/L and 125mg/L-134 mg/L. The TSS value is in the range of 1038 mg/L-1049 mg/L and 193mg/L to 214 mg/L respectively. The Total Dissolved Solids in the waste water is in the range of 992 mg/L and 1056 mg/L for untreated and between 938 mg/L- 949 mg/L for treated water. Oil and grease values for untreated wastewater are in the range of 936 mg/L-944 mg/L while the treated water values are in the range of 83 mg/L-94 mg/L. The pH of wastewater is 8.3. The temperature of waste water varies. The fat is the most important constituent in the untreated wastewater contained about 1.5% fat in the given wastewater sample while the treated water contained about 0.5 % fat in the given sample. The values of BOD, COD and TSS in the treated wastewater were greater than the standard values, whereas the values of TDS were less than the standard values.
THE EFFECTS OF RUTIN HYDRATE ON THE RESPONSE-REINSTATEMENT OF MICE RUNNING AN ALLEY FOR ETHANOL REWARD
Authors: Yasmin K
Published: May 2024

Pure compounds belonging to flavonoid family were studied for their biological potential such as rutin hydrate (3, 3′, 4′, 5, 7-pentahydroxyflavone-3-rhamnoglucoside). These molecules were chosen based on their neuroactive properties. The evaluation of the in vitro de-addiction activity were exploited for the first time for such purposes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of rutin hydrate (3, 3′, 4′, 5, 7-pentahydroxyflavone-3-rhamnoglucoside), a flavonoid that is an important dietary constituent of foods and plant-based beverages, on response-reinstatement of mice using running alley method of ethanol reward. Rutin (0.1, 1, and 10 mg/kg) was administered orally (p.o) one hour before post conditioning test, during extinction trials, and on re-instatement day. It was noted that rutin significantly (P < 0.001) increased runtimes on reinstatement day. No changes in body weight, food and water intake when compared with saline control group was observed. These results indicate that flavonoid rutin hydrate has a potential role in decreasing ethanol reinforcement. This can be used as a powerful food to delineate ethanol re-inforced running. Several mechanisms may contribute to the potential role of rutin in ethanol re-inforced running. Therefore, further studies are warranted to understand the exact mechanism of rutin hydrate.
STATUS OF GASEOUS POLLUTANTS AND PARTICULATE MATTER IN SELECTED URBAN AREAS OF LAHORE
Authors: M. Umair  , Zeshan  , R. Nawaz  , I. Khurshid  , Uzma  , Iqra Nasim  , M.A. Irshad
Published: May 2024

The present study was conducted in different areas of Lahore city with objective of assessing the quality of ambient air. Samples were collected from selected locations of Lahore and were analyzed for particulate matter (fine and course). Air monitoring equipment was used for measurement of other gaseous pollutants. For data analysis, statistical means were estimated and compared with Punjab Environmental Quality Standards (PEQS). Results showed that gaseous and particulate pollutants in ambient air were higher than PEQS in all study sites. Highest levels of target pollutants were found as CO 17.53 mg/m3 (railway station), NO 45.87 ug/m3 (Thokar Niaz Baig), NO2 88.56 ug/m3 (Lahore Fort), SO2 129.31 ug/m3 (Thokar Niaz Baig), PM10 156.17 ug/m3 (Lahore Fort), PM2.5 45.85 ug/m3 (Railway Station) and O3 133.41 ug/m3 (Thokar Niaz Baig). Levels of air pollutants were higher because of industrial and vehicular emissions. This study can be useful to improve environmental conditions of industrial estate by reducing level of particulate matter and controlling methods for industrial pollution. There is need to raise environmental awareness regarding ambient air health effects among people.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF TRAFFIC FLOW ON SARGODHA-JHANG ROAD (PUNJAB) PAKISTAN
Authors: Sial M A , M Mohsin  , A Rehman
Published: May 2024

Traffic flow in Pakistan has become more complex in recent years due to rapid population growth and rapidly generating economic activities. The main objective of this research was to explore the various factors and attributes related to road network configuration contributing to an irregular traffic flow and congestion at second class inter-district national highway section Sargodha-Jhang road, Punjab, Pakistan. It is a national highway road section in central Punjab extending 124 km. Primary data related to traffic flow and volume was collected manually in mode of time and space while secondary data about annual volume of traffic (3 years) gathered from Punjab highway department, southern Zone Lahore. Global positioning system (GPS) is used to mark the different locations of collecting samples with latitude, longitude and elevation. The analysis is performed in MS Excel by applying descriptive statistics and analytical tendencies and results are geographically presented by various graphs and maps prepared by using ArcGIS 10.5 software. Traffic flow was analyzed on hourly, weekly and yearly basis by comparing spatial and temporal average and variance. Results determined the hourly fluctuations as peak from 8:00AM – 9:00AM (1,103 vehicles) and 2:00PM - 3:00PM (1,215 vehicles), medium from 11:00AM – 12:00AM (1,000 vehicles), and low hours from 5:00PM – 6:00PM (800 vehicles). Thursday and Saturday were the busiest days in a weekly flow of the traffic while the Friday was least busy day regarding the weekly flow of traffic. Likewise, the yearly results of traffic flow also shown slight increase in volume of traffic vehicles over the last three years. Lastly few suggestions were proposed to bring the regularity, road safety, less traffic jam and congestion and to avoid the traffic accidents in the study area.
EFFECT OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE AND RICE STRAW BIOCHAR ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHARCOAL ROT IN MAIZE
Authors: Rehaman A.
Published: May 2024

The present study focused on the management of charcoal rot of maize caused by Macrophomia phaseolina, by using biochar made from rice straw, along with compost and Trichoderma viride (Biocontrol agent). Therefore, synergistic effect of 3 and 6 % concentrations of rice straw biochar with T. viride and 10 % of compost was used as a soil amendment to check the effect on growth of maize and charcoal rot disease suppression under glasshouse conditions. The percentage severity of charcoal rot was significantly reduced due to the effect of soil amendment with 3 % rice straw biochar inoculated with or without T. viride. In vitro assays also revealed synergistic association of rice straw biochar with T. viride and resulted into maximum inhibition (69.67 %) of M. phaseolina. The maximum nitrogen contents (20.26 g/kg) were recorded in rice straw biochar (3 %) combined with biocontrol agent amended treatment. However, other than disease parameters, 6 % rice straw biochar irrespective to the presence or absence of T. viride had a significant impact on growth of maize plants. The maize response were found to be dependent on the concentration of biochar (3 and 6 %) and depicted varied effects of resistance in each treatments. Thus, our findings suggest that the combined application of biochar and T. viride holds significant potential for mitigating the detrimental effects of charcoal rot and enhancing the overall health and performance of maize plants.
METHICILLINE RESISTANT STATUS OF COAGULASE NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCUS ISOLATED FROM BOVINE MASTITIS
Authors: Imran. M
Published: May 2024

Mastitis continues to be a major economic issue for dairy producers all over the world. A total of 100 milk samples from mastitic buffaloes and cows were subjected to bacteriological examination in the department of Veterinary Microbiology for the isolation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. 68 staphylococci spp. were isolated on the basis of colony morphology, haemolytic pattern on blood agar plates and growth on mannitol salt agar plates. Gram’s staining; catalase test, clumping factor test, coagulase test and mannitol fermentation tests were performed for the confirmation of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. 52 Staphylococcus aureus and 16 Staphylococcus epidermidis were purified on mannitol salt agar slants. Nitrocefin disks (Fluka) were used for the detection of beta-lactamase activity of these staphylococci. Out of 52 spp. of Staphylococcus aureus, 16 (30.76%) were found positive for beta-lactamase production; similarly, out of 16 spp. of Staphylococcus epidermidis 4 (25%) were found positive for beta-lactamase production. 29.41% of isolated staphylococci were found positive for beta-lactamase production through nitrocefin test. This beta-lactamase producer was subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing through disk diffusion test using oxacillin 1μg and cefoxitin 10μg antibiotic disks. Twenty two 22 (32.35%) isolates of staphylococci from a total of 68 were resistant to these disks hence declared as methicillin-resistant staphylococci. These methicillin-resistant staphylococci were subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing through disc diffusion test using enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol and amoxycillin discs. The results of in vitro sensitivity tests showed that enrofloxacin was most effective followed by norfloxacin and chloramphenicol. Amoxycillin was found ineffective. The aspect of methicillin-resistantce should be kept in mind for the treatment of staphylococcal mastitis.
CHARACTERIZATION AND GROWTH EVALUATION OF STREPTOCOCCUS EQUI IN HORSES: A PREDICTORY APPROACH TOWARDS ITS MANAGEMENT IN HERDS
Authors: T. Naz
Published: May 2024

Strangles is the most common infectious and contagious disease of equines that affects upper respiratory tract. It is prevalent among the horses in sub-continent from pre partitioned times, an effective study to isolate locally prevalent strains in the area and study of factors affecting their consequent growth is essential. For the said purpose, twenty nasal swab samples were collected, ten from clinically sick and ten from apparently healthy horses with the history of disease. Isolated strains were undergone identification through biochemical and lancefield testing. Maximum in-vitro growth of Streptococcus equi (S. equi) is a critical factor for its cost effective bioceutics production. Effect of different factors like composition of medium such as (Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), Nutrient Broth, Brain Heart Infusion broth (BHI), Reinforced Clostridial Medium (RCM) and Peptone Broth, pH (5, 7, 9), gas (oxygen availability, 5% CO2, aeration), horse serum (2%, 5%, 10%) and temperature (35°C, 37°C, 39°C) on growth of S. equi was therefore carried out. Growth was expressed in form of Colony Forming Units (CFU) which was converted into log values followed by statistical analysis. TSB among media, pH 7, CO2 5% gas, horse serum 5% and incubation temperature 37°C showed optimum growth of S. equi.