bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Winter frost damage and its link to early growth and survival in a poplar clone collection
Authors:   Latvian State Forest Research Institute ‘Silava', Senhofa Silva , Lazdina Dagnija , Zeps Martins
Published: January 2022

The Northern European countries largely rely on poplars and their hybrids that are transferred northward from more southern regions, therefore, facing a trade-off between the use of full growth potential and sufficient tolerance of low temperatures. We characterized frost damage and its link to early growth and survival of 33 poplar genotypes at the age of one, three, and four years in a clonal collection on agricultural land. The survival after the first season varied from 42% to 99%. Half of the clones had autumn frost injuries with a maximum of 20% of trees damaged. The autumn frost-damaged trees were significantly (p < 0.001) higher before the injury than the undamaged trees with site mean 105.3 ± 7.9 and 72.0 ± 2.5 cm, respectively, but, at the clone mean level, the proportion of autumn frost-damaged trees had no link to survival (rho = 0.53, p < 0.001). The observed winter frost damage showed no relation (p < 0.05) regarding the proportion of trees with autumn frost damage. Trees with winter frost damage tended to be shorter than undamaged trees (p < 0.001) and had lower survival (rho = 0.47, p < 0.01). The maximum height difference of the clones among the studied years was in a magnitude from 2.4 to 2.9, and the stability of a clonal ranking increased with the age. The results emphasize the need for further monitoring of the clone performance under the local climatic conditions before recommendations of commercial use of particular clones in Latvia.
Review: current trends in oat protein recovery and utilization in aqueous food systems
Authors:   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Sargautis Darius , Kince Tatjana ,   Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Sargautiene Vanda
Published: January 2022

Oat protein itself, as a substance, has extensively been studied providing information on its nutritional value, some functional properties and possible applicability in food systems. Chosen protein isolation methods and technological aspects define final composition of obtained oat protein product, its concentration, nutrition value and its functionality in food industry. Scientific data on oat protein recovery methods, typically relying on protein solubility or dry fractionation, provides an insufficient knowledge about the success in commercialization of oat protein recovery technologies and their derivatives in form of oat protein. The aim of the study was to analyse and summarize the research findings on oat protein extraction methods and functional properties of oat protein. Semi-systematic, monographic methods were used to analyse the oat protein isolation techniques, functional properties of oat protein in aqueous food systems, covering the latest information on oat protein extraction methods. Wet and dry isolation methods were demonstrated as main methods in oat protein extraction. Functional properties of oat protein, such as thermal stability, solubility, emulsification, water hydration capacity and foaming were reviewed and evaluated, identifying limitations and protein alterations which occur through the oat protein extraction process. The study provides recent trends in oat protein recovery technologies, along with an overview of current and potential oat protein utilization in food systems.
Ciência, Tecnologia e Sociedade
Authors:   Universidade do Algarve, Portugal, Gil Francisco Baptista
Published: January 2022

A construção de uma revista multidisciplinar, numa perspetiva de integração do conhecimento, pretende destacar os pontos de contacto entre as diferentes áreas de estudo, tentando ultrapassar falhas de comunicação e criando pontes entre as ciências sociais, as artes, humanidades e as ciências exatas. Neste número apresentamos uma diversidade de abordagens, não só em relação às áreas de conhecimento, mas também em relação aos diferentes espaços de atuação de investigadores com origem na Europa, África e Américas.
Effect of Pre-sowing Treatments on Vegetative Growth and Production of Graftable Rootstocks in Mango
Authors:   Dept. of Fruit Science, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, H.P. (177 001), India, Banyal Sanjeev Kumar , Shivandu Shiv Kumar ,   Dept. of Fruit Science, Dr. Y S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Solan HP (173 230), India, Patial Uday Raj ,   Dept. of Fruit Science, PAU Ludhian, Punjab (141 004), India
Published: January 2022

The present investigations “Studies on the effect of pre-sowing treatment and time of wedge grafting on production of saleable grafts in mango” were carried out in the nursery block of Fruit Science Department. The study was conducted using wild mangoes seeds. The seeds were divided in two equal halves, one half of seeds were sown with intact seed coat (K1) while, in other half the mango kernels were extracted (K2), both type of seeds were then soaked in 6 different chemicals of varying concentrations viz. C1- KNO3 @ 0.5%, C2- KNO3 @ 1%, C3- KNO3 @ 1.5%, C4- BA @ 50 ppm, C5- BA @ 100 ppm, C6- GA3 @ 100 ppm, C7- GA3 @ 200 ppm, C8- beejaaumrit @ 2%, C9- beejaaumrit @ 3%, C10- panchgavya @ 2%, C11- panchgavya @ 3% for 12 hours and C12- Control. The germination and vegetative parameters were observed. The results of study revealed that the e×tracted kernels pre-soaked with GA3 @ 100 ppm produced earliest germination, 50 % germination, high rate of germination, germination percentage, number of leaves, maximum leaf area, highest seedling vigour index, while, on pre-soaking extracted kernel with KNO3 @ 0.5% produced maximum seedling diameter. The Seedling raised from extracted kernels pre-soaked in KNO3 @ 0.5% (C1K2) attained graftable diameter within 210 days of sowing. The present investigation was conducted during 2019-2020 at the nursery block of College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri Hamirpur (H.P) to study the effect of pre-sowing treatments on germination, growth and production of graft-able seedlings.
Evaluation of Cultivated and Wild Brinjal Germplasm against Bacterial Wilt Disease with Tollinterleukin-1 Receptors (TIR)-NBS-LRR Type R-gene Specific Degenerate Primer
Authors:   Dept. of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 246), India, Hansda S. , Jamir I. ,   Dept. of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 246), India, Pramanik K. ,   Dept. of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 246), India, Banerjee J. ,   Dept. of Agricultural and Food Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, West Bengal (721 302), India, Chattopadhyay A. ,   Dept. of Vegetable Science, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 246), India, Mandal A. K. ,   Dept. of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of Horticulture, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal (741 246), India
Published: January 2022

The experiment was conducted at C-Block Farm of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, West Bengal, India during 2017–18 to screen eight brinjal germplasm lines against BW disease using tollinterleukin-1 receptors (TIR)-NBS-LRR type R-gene specific degenerate primer. The study showed that wild genotype S. torvum was highly resistant to bacterial wilt incidence with no wilting symptom whereas two cultivated genotypes (Utkal Anushree and Utkal Madhuri) and one wild genotype S. sisymbriifolium were found to be resistant to BW disease. Out of the 7 germplasm sequences, 2 had no match with R-genes whereas the remaining 5 sequences have 70-93% homology with R-genes of other plant species submitted in Gene Bank sequence database. Nearly 90% sequence identity of brinjal NBS-LRR RGA was found by analyzing through BLASTn with NBS-LRR RGAs of other solanaceous crops. Two cultivated resistant genotypes (Utkal Madhuri and Utkal Tarini) were similar to the wild resistant type S. sisymbriifloium, while cultivable resistant genotype Utkal Anushree was highly different at sequence level. Two cultivable susceptible genotypes (BCB-30 and Garia) showed high level of similarity among them and they were strongly associated with the wild susceptible genotype S. macrocarpum. Two cultivable genotypes Utkal Anushree and Utkal Madhuri could be utilized in future breeding programme and two wild genotypes S. torvum and S. sisymbriifolium could be used as resistant rootstocks in brinjal grafting.
Bio-efficacy of Certain Insecticides Sequence on Cotton Sucking Pests and Pink Bollworm
Authors:   Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal, Telangana (506 007), India, Prasad B. Ram , Ashwini D. ,   Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal, Telangana (506 007), India
Published: January 2022

The field trials were conducted for two consecutive years during kharif, 2018 and 2019 seasons in the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Warangal, Telangana, India. The susceptible hybrid RCH-2 was grown during both the years of study. Among the treatments, significant (25.4%) reduction of aphids was recorded in neem oil, clothianidin and flonicamid sequential spray. The sequence chlorpyriphos, flonicamid and clothianidin achieved superior efficacy against jassids with 32.3% reduction over control during the two seasons. The highest reduction (25.2%) of thrips was observed in neem oil, clothianidin, flonicamid sequential spray. The incidence of whitefly was low during the experimental period, however, the highest white fly reduction (15.0%) was observed in chlorpyriphos, flonicamid, clothianidin spray. The lowest number of PBW larvae per 10 green bolls was observed in profenophos, spinetoram, chlorpyriphos+cypermethrin sequential spray that reduces up to 61.9% incidence. The lowest number of (38.5) damaged locules per 100 fully opened bolls were observed in profenophos, spinetoram, chlorpyriphos+cypermethrin sequential spray. But, the highest seed cotton yield (1414 kg ha-1) as well as benefit cost ratio (1.02) was recorded in chlorpyriphos, flonicamid, emamectin benzoate, clothianidin, indoxacarb+acetamiprid sequential spray. The study further revealed that, initial control of sucking pests menace especially jassid was crucial in deciding the cotton yield as compared to later stage pink bollworm menace. During both the years, it was noticed that during peak incidence of jassid, the treated plot with flonicamid against jassid in first instance had given highest seed cotton yield.
The Predation Behaviour of Fictor composticola on Parasitic Nematodes of Button Mushroom, Agaricus bisporus
Authors:   Dept. of Nematology, Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar (848 125), India, Keshari Nishi , Kanwar R. S. ,   Dept. of Nematology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana (125 004), India
Published: January 2022

In this study, the predation behaviour of male and female predatory nematode, Fictor composticola, was studied on five prey nematode species, Aphelenchus avenae, Aphelenchoides swarupi, Ditylenchus myceliophagus, Bursilla sp. and Panagrolaimus sp., found in the white button mushroom compost. The period of the study is of six months. The data recorded on number of encounters, part of the body of prey attacked, stage of the prey attacked, duration of feeding etc. The strike rate and prey susceptibility were calculated. The average number of encounters on all the five preys done by female F. composticola was 3.0 and that of the male was 6.0. Male F. composticola had more number of encounters on the prey nematode species than the females. Both the sexes preferred juvenile stages over adults as prey. The most attacked part by both females and males predator, was the posterior part of the prey body. In 80% of cases, female predators fed on the first encountered prey while males attacked the first encountered prey in 30% of cases only. The strike rate of female F. composticola was more (78.6%) than the male (48.2%). Mycophagous nematodes were more susceptible to predator’s attack than the microbivorous nematodes. The strike rate of the predator on different prey nematode species was found more on mycophagous nematodes than on microbivorous nematodes and minimum on Panagrolaimus sp. The average feeding duration of female F. composticola was 8 min and 31 sec and in the case of males it was 4 min and 11 sec.
Wind Drift Evaporation Loss and Soil Moisture Distribution under Sprinkler Irrigated Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.)
Authors:   Dept. of SWCE, AEC&RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kumulur, Trichy, Tamil Nadu (621 712), India, Arunadevi K. , Nongkynrih I. ,   Dept. of SWCE, AEC&RI, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kumulur, Trichy, Tamil Nadu (621 712), India, Ramachandran J. ,   Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai, Tamil Nadu (621 712), India
Published: January 2022

An experiment was conducted during March–June 2018 with the sprinkler irrigation system covered in an area of 39×42 m2. Proper design and management of sprinkler irrigation systems improves the uniformity of moisture distribution and reduces wind drift and evaporation losses (WDEL) for effective crop growth. Uniformity coefficient, wind drift and evaporation loss of the sprinkler system at a different pressure head of 2 kg cm-2, 2.5 kg cm-2 and 3 kg cm-2 were studied. Wind speed was observed by using handheld anemometer. The wind speed ranged between 0.9 to 4.5 m s-1. The highest uniformity coefficient of 88.19% and wind drift and evaporation loss of 3.5% were obtained at the pressure head of 3 kg cm-2 and the wind speed of 0.9 m s-1. Soil samples were collected at different depths of 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–30 cm and at a radial distance from 0 m, 3 m, 6 m, 9 m, 12 m respectively to determine the soil moisture distribution pattern. The soil moisture content values were plotted by using the computer software, surfer 10 of the windows version and contour maps were drawn. The moisture content was found to be more at 0–10 cm depth, as compared to 10–20 cm and 20–30 cm depth. The percentage of moisture was found to be highest at a 6 m distance, which was due to overlapping of the sprinkler system.
Field Bio-efficacy and Residue Dynamics of the Fungicide Polyoxin D Zinc Salt 5% SC in Grape (Vitis vinifera)
Authors:   National Referral Laboratory, ICAR- National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra (412 307), India, Deore Pushpa , Hingmire Sandip ,   Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR- National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra (412 307), India, Shinde Dattatray ,   Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR- National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra (412 307), India, Pudale Anjali ,   National Referral Laboratory, ICAR- National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra (412 307), India, Shabeer T. P. Ahammed ,   National Referral Laboratory, ICAR- National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra (412 307), India, Banerjee Kaushik ,   National Referral Laboratory, ICAR- National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra (412 307), India, Thosar Ratna ,   Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR- National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra (412 307), India, Saha Sujoy ,   Plant Pathology Laboratory, ICAR- National Research Centre for Grapes, P.O. Manjri Farm, Pune, Maharashtra (412 307), India
Published: January 2022

The field experiments were carried out to evaluate the bio-efficacy and residue dynamics of Polyoxin D Zinc salt 5% SC in grape during 2014–2015 and 2015–2016 at ICAR-National Research Centre for Grapes, Pune. Polyoxin D Zinc salt 5% SC @ 600 ml ha-1 gave the best control of the disease, both in the leaves and bunches with a percent disease control of 56.4 and 75.7 respectively, as compared to untreated control. The percent disease control of the test fungicide Polyoxin D Zinc salt 5% SC @ 600 ml ha-1 was superior to all the triazoles viz. Flusilazole 40 EC, Hexaconazole 5 EC and Myclobutanil 10 WP, used in the study. The yield data reflected a similar trend wherein the maximum percent increase in yield was observed in case of Polyoxin D Zinc salt 5% SC @ 600 ml ha-1 i.e. 57.47 as compared to untreated control. However, all the triazoles manifested a higher percent increase in yield as compared to the lowest dose of the test fungicide i.e. 200 ml ha-1. For the detection and quantification of polyoxin D residue in grape, we have developed an efficient and effective analytical method, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), in field treated samples. The residue data had excellent fit to 1st+1st order models giving r2 value of >0.99 with a half-life (t1/2) 8.0 days for recommended dose and 14.5 days for double dose. These findings are useful for effective disease management in grape crop amalgamated with food safety and consumer satisfaction.
Morphological, Physiological and Biochemical Response to Low Temperature Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.): A Review
Authors:   Dept. of Horticulture, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan (303 329), India, Yadav D. K. , Meena Yogendra K. ,   KrishiVigyan Kendra, Kotputli, Jaipur, Rajasthan (303 108), India, Bairwa L. N. ,   Dept. of Horticulture, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan (303 329), India, Singh Uadal ,   College of Agriculture, Lalsot, Dausa, Rajasthan (303 503), India, Bairwa S. K. ,   Dept. of Horticulture, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan (303 329), India, Choudhary M. R. ,   Dept. of Horticulture, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner, Jaipur, Rajasthan (303 329), India, Singh A. ,   Dept. of Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Kotputli, Jaipur, Rajasthan (303 108), India
Published: January 2022

Growth and productivity are traumatized by the low temperature that triggers a series of physiological, morphological, molecular and biochemical changes in plants that eventually disturb plant life. Most of the cultivable lands of the world are adversely affected by temperature stress conditions which have an adverse impact on global tomato productivity. Plants undergo several water related metabolic activities for their survival during cold stress conditions. Understanding the morphological, physiological and biochemical reactions to low temperature is essential for a comprehensive view of the perception of tomato plant tolerant mechanism. This review reports some aspects of low temperature inflated changes in physiological and biochemical in the tomato plant. Low temperature stress influences the reproductive phases of plants with delayed flowering which enhance pollen sterility resultant drastically affects the harvest yield. It also decreases the capacity and efficiency of photosynthesis through changes in gas exchange, pigment content, chloroplast development and decline in chlorophyll fluorescence photosynthetic attributes. Amassing of osmoprotectant is another adaptive mechanism in plants exposed to low temperatures stress, as essential metabolites directly participate in the osmotic adjustment. Furthermore, low temperature stress enhanced the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which may oxidize lipids, proteins and nucleic acids which bring in distortion at the level of the cell. At the point when extreme reactive oxygen species produced, plants synthesize antioxidant enzymes and osmoprotectants that quench the abundance of reactive oxygen species. These reviews focus on the capacity and techniques of the tomato plant to react low temperature stress.
Monitoring of Spectral Signatures of Maize Crop using Temporal SAR and Optical Remote Sensing data
Authors:   Water Technology Centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana (500 030), India, Kumar D. Anil , Srikanth P. ,   Agricultural Sciences and Applications Group, Remote Sensing-Applications Area, National Remote Sensing Centre, Indian Space Research Organization, Hyderabad, Telengana (500 037), India, Neelima T. L. ,   Water Technology Centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana (500 030), India, Devi M. Uma ,   Water Technology Centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana (500 030), India, Suresh K. ,   Examination centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana (500 030), India, Murthy C. S. ,   Water Technology Centre, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Telengana (500 030), India
Published: January 2022

A study was carried out using the temporal Sentinel-1B microwave data (June to November at 12 days interval) and Sentinel-2A/2B optical data (June to November) to discriminate the maize crop from other competing crops rice and cotton in Siddipet district, Telangana state, India during kharif, 2019 (June to November). The study utilized the data from multiple sources such as Multi-temporal VH backscatter intensity from Sentinel-1B SAR and NDVI values from Sentinel-2A/2B in combination with field data to discriminate the maize crop. Synchronous to satellite pass, ground truth data on crop parameters viz., crop stage, crop vigour, biomass, plant height, plant density, soil moisture, LAI and chlorophyll content were collected. Multi-temporal VH backscatter intensity and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data were used to characterize backscatter and greenness behaviour of the maize crop. The backscatter intensity (dB) for maize crop ranged from -21.83 (the lowest backscatter values) at planting to -12.52 (the highest backscatter values) at peak growth stage. The NDVI values during vegetative and reproductive stages (August and September) were >0.6 and during senescence to harvesting the values were less than or equal to 0.52. The increase in backscatter intensity values from initial vegetative stage to peak stage was due to increased volume scattering of the maize crop canopy and a continuous decline in backscatter intensity values of VH band at maturity stage, was due to decrease in greenness and moisture content in leaves of the maize crop helped in maize crop discrimination from other dominant kharif crops in the study area.
Canopy Cover Temperature & Drought Tolerance Indices in Durum Wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) Genotypes under Semi-arid Condition in Algeria
Authors:   National Institute of Agronomic Research of Algeria (INRAA), Setif  Unit, Algeria, Guendouz Ali , Frih Benalia ,   Dept. of Biology and Plant ecology, VRBN Laboratory, Farhat Abbas Setif University 1, Algeria, Oulmi Abdelmalek ,   Dept. of Biology and Plant ecology, VRBN Laboratory, Farhat Abbas Setif University 1, Algeria
Published: January 2022

This experiment was carried out at Setif Agricultural Experimental Station in Algeria during  2017–2018 crop season using five cultivars (Triticum durum Desf.) to determine differences in the relationship between (CT and drought resistance indices values based on their difference in yielding under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions and sown in a random block design with three replications. Our study aim to determine differences in the relationship between CT and drought resistance indices values and grain yield GY under both conditions to evaluate the effect of canopy temperature in drought tolerance of durum wheat. Five durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes were studied based on their difference in yielding under irrigated and non-irrigated conditions in conception of a random block design with three replications. The following measurements were applied: GY, CT canopy cover temperature depression CTD and seven drought tolerance indices (HM-SSI-GMP-STI-YSI-MP-TOL). ANOVA showed that genotype effect and irrigation regime effect were highly and significantly on CT and CTD under both stressed (s) and watered (i) conditions. The interaction Genotype×irrigation regime was significant for CT and CTD. PCA showed that CTDs was related with HM, GMP, STI, and MP in indication of drought tolerance, where CTDi was related with TOL and SSI in indication of drought sensitivity. A negative correlation showed between CT and CTD, higher values ​​of CT compared to environmental temperature implies negative values ​​of CTD which indicates drought sensitivity; on the other hand, CT values ​​lower than environmental temperature implies positive CTD values ​​indicating drought tolerance.
Bioremediation Trends on Mitigation of As(III), Cr(VI) and Organic Dyes From Aqueous Medium using Plant and Microbial Biomass: An Overview
Authors:   Dept.of Biotechnology, T.M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar (812 007), India, Kumar Ujjwal , Jha Ashok K. ,   Dept. of Chemistry, T.M. Bhagalpur University, Bhagalpur, Bihar (812 007), India, Thakur Raghbendra ,   Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research, Dept. of Atomic Energy, Bengaluru, Karnataka (560 072), India
Published: January 2022

Arsenic, chromium and organic dyes are the prominent carcinogenic agents, posing a serious health hazard. In current scenario, groundwater as well as surface water mostly contaminated by chemical complexes of As (III), Cr (VI) and organic dyes, these are leading hazardous threat to eco-system. Several mitigation techniques of As (III), Cr (VI) and organic dyes are available but efforts are going on to devise a novel method of removal of these toxicants. This review takes into account all the recent advances in the detoxification of contaminated water exploring removal mechanism by biosorption and bioaccumulation. The possibility of the removal of toxic heavy metals from an aqueous medium by plant and bacterial biomass has been discussed. Now a days, bioaccumulation and biosorption from plants and microbial sources has emerged as simple, effective and eco-friendly techniques for decontamination of these chemical compounds from water resources at very low cost. Many agricultural products and solid wastes have also been found suitable decontaminant of toxic heavy metals and dyes. A wide spectrum of medicinal and aromatic plants as well as aquatic plants available in abundance may also be utilized as potential remover of As (III), Cr (VI) and organic dyes. This article explained mechanism and application on detail aspects of bioremediation technology including conventional techniques with recent development. This review shows the trends and development of mitigation stretagies by bioremediation with latest updates.
Identification of Cotton F1 Hybrids and their Parents through Molecular Marker under Salinity Stress
Authors:   Main Cotton Research Station, NAU, Surat, Gujarat, India (395 007), India, Vekariya V. K. , Singh Diwakar ,   Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, ACHF, NAU, Navsari, Gujarat, (396 450), India, - Rajkumar ,   Main Cotton Research Station, NAU, Surat, Gujarat, India (395 007), India, Faldu G. O. ,   Main Cotton Research Station, NAU, Surat, Gujarat, India (395 007), India
Published: January 2022

An experiment was carried out at Main Cotton Research Station, NAU, Surat, Gujarat, India during 2018–2020 to identify F1 hybrids and their parents through SSR marker for salinity tolerance in cotton. The four cotton parents (two salt tolerant and two salt sensitive) were crossed in a diallel fashion to obtain twelve cotton hybrids and subjected to DNA isolation and PCR amplification with SSR markers. In the present study, six SSR markers (TMB0409, DPL0094, BNL686, JESPR153, CM45 and MGHES006) were identified to be polymorphic between parents and the hybrids. The SSR primer TMB0409, DPL0094, JESPR153 and CM45 identified two fragments each from different parents in two, two, four and eight cotton hybrids, respectively, which confirmed true hybrids. Hence, the SSR molecular marker, individually or in combination can be used to distinguish and confirm the hybrid and parents in cotton with special reference to salinity. The PCA analysis revealed that BNL686–1 (248 bp) allele contributed significantly to the quantum of variation as explained by PC1. Hence, this allele is able to serve as a benchmark for ascertaining the efficient pattern of grouping between genotypes. Further, the marker CM45 amplified a fragment specific to the saline tolerant parents which was absent in sensitive parents as well as a fragment produced in sensitive parent which was absent in the tolerant parents, hence the molecular marker CM45 may associate with the salinity tolerance in cotton and can be used for salinity tolerant breeding program after confirming in a large population.
Soil Nutrient Analysis Underneath Grewia optiva Population
Authors:   Dept. of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry,  Nauni-Solan, Himachal Pradesh (173 230), India, Sankhyan H. P. , Dhiman Jyoti ,   Dept. of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry,  Nauni-Solan, Himachal Pradesh (173 230), India, Chand Krishan ,   Dept. of Siliviculture and Agroforestry, College of Forestry, Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry,  Nauni-Solan, Himachal Pradesh (173 230), India, - Prachi ,   Dept. of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry,  Nauni-Solan, Himachal Pradesh (173 230), India, - Karishma ,   Dept. of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry,  Nauni-Solan, Himachal Pradesh (173 230), India, Negi Bhupender ,   Dept. of Tree Improvement and Genetic Resources, Dr. Y.S Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry,  Nauni-Solan, Himachal Pradesh (173 230), India
Published: January 2022

The present study was conducted during May and November, 2019 and 2020 and here we quantify the impact of soil nutrient variation on the population growth of Grewia optiva Drummond of different districts with variable climate and heterogeneous soils. The impacts on growth parameters (tree height, crown spread, leaf traits, fruit dimensions) of selected populations of Grewia optiva Drummond statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Five composite soil samples were taken at 15–30 cm depth, on seven selected districts of Himachal Pradesh viz., total 35 samples were analyzed for physiochemical properties. Soil of Mandi district registered with acidic pH as compared to soil pH of other districts. There was significant difference in pH, OC, EC, N, P, K and in Bulk density within selected population of each district. pH range of moderately acidic to moderately alkaline (according to standard soil classification) founded best for growth of this species. There was highly positive correlation observed between Nitrogen and leaf area (0.33), Phosphorus and leaf area (0.45). 100 leaf fresh weight showed highly positive correlation with Nitrogen (0.37) and organic carbon (0.39). 100 leaf dry weight showed highly positive correlation with Nitrogen and Organic Carbon. Crown spread showed highly positive correlation with Organic carbon (0.29), Nitrogen (0.38) and with Phosphorus (0.30). Moderately Positive correlation observed between Potassium and 100 fruit dry weight (0.15). 50% of soil texture observed as sandy loamy and sandy clay loamy.
Effects of Sowing Dates on Yield and Yield Components of Different Varieties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Western Uttar Pradesh
Authors:   School of Agricultural Sciences & Engineering, IFTM University, Moradabad, U.P. (244 102), India, Singh Y. P. , Singh Satybhan ,   School of Agricultural Sciences & Engineering, IFTM University, Moradabad, U.P. (244 102), India, Dhangrah V. K. ,   School of Agricultural Sciences & Engineering, IFTM University, Moradabad, U.P. (244 102), India, Mishra Tripuresh ,   School of Agricultural Sciences & Engineering, IFTM University, Moradabad, U.P. (244 102), India
Published: January 2022

An experiment was conducted during Rabi season (November-December) of 2018–19 to study the effect of three dates of sowing (26th November, 11th December and 25th December) on growth, yield attributes and yield of fivewheat varieties (HD-2967, HD-3086, WH-1105, PBW-343 and PBW-226) at Agricultural Research Farm of IFTM University, Moradabad (UP) India. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Design with two replications. Sowing was done at spacing of 22.5 cm in sandy loam soil. The observations were recorded on growth, flowering, maturity, yield and yield components. Analysis of variance showed the significant variations were observed for the characters viz. plant height, days to flowering, spikes per plant, days to maturity, grain yield, test weight, straw yield, biological yield and harvest index due to changing dates of sowing. However, varietal variations were recorded for plant height, days to flowering, spikes per plant, days to maturity and test weight. Wheat sown on 26th November recorded significant increase in plant height, tillers plant-1, spikes-1 plant, grain yield and straw yield over late sowing on 11th December and 25th December. There was no significant variation among varieties for yield and yield contributing traits such as grains spike-1, grain and straw yield. Significant interaction effects between dates of sowing and varieties were found for days to flowering which showed that the variety HD-2967 is as best wheat variety for early sown and PBW-226 for late sown conditions in order to obtain better returns.
Impact of Mechanical Transplanting on Rice Productivity and Profitability- Review
Authors:   Dept. of Agronomy, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, W.B. (736165), India, Saha Rajesh , Patra Partha Sarathi ,   Regional Research Station, Terai Zone, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, P.S- Pundibari, Cooch Behar, W.B. (736 165), India, Ahmed Arju Sahid ,   Dept. of Agronomy, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar, W.B. (736165), India
Published: January 2022

Conventional rice transplanting methods are laboured exhaustive and involves drudgery. On an average only transplanting operation takes one fourth of the total labour requirement of rice production under traditional system. Shifting of agricultural labourer towards urban areas for better remuneration creates labour shortage during peak time of transplanting. Lower plant density compared to desirable level under traditional transplanting method habitually farmers force to apply higher amounts of agro-input to compensate as result cost of cultivation has increased considerably and eventually get lesser grain yield. Under such circumstances, a cheap and labour redeemable way of rice transplanting without compromising grain yield is the need of the time. The mechanical rice transplanting is an alternative and encouraging choice for ensuring timely transplanting and also contributes to higher grain yield. Mechanical transplanting of rice is profitable over traditional methods and easy to operate. In spite of having superiority over the conventional transplanting, acceptance in the field level is stumpy due to high preliminary investment and dearth of awareness in growing mat type nursery. Divulging technical skill, confirming timely accessibility and boosting custom hiring may be some of the practical solutions for increasing the adoption rate of mechanical transplanting among farmers. This review focused on the positive and negative impact of mechanical transplanting on productivity and profitability of rice production.
Status of Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) in Low Hills of Himachal Pradesh
Authors:   College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (177 001), India, Dutt Som , Sharma Kamal ,   College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (177 001), India, Sharma Vivek ,   College of Horticulture and Forestry Neri, Hamirpur, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh (177 001), India, Dhiman Varun ,   Dept. of Environmental Science, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh (176 215), India
Published: January 2022

The present investigation on the status of Sandalwood (Santalum album Linn.) in low hills of Himachal Pradesh was carried out in the Department of Silviculture and Agroforestry in the laboratory at the main campus of the Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan and in the field at Bilaspur and Jawala Mukhi varying in altitude from 500–850 m. The growth behavior of sandals was studied through the selection of 10 ha sampling plot at Bilaspur and 5 ha sampling plot at Jawala Mukhi based on tree density. The investigations revealed that the trees have covered an area of 15 ha at Bilaspur and 30 ha at Jawala Mukhi. The total number of trees growing at Bilaspur and Jawala Mukhi was found to be 1076 and 815, respectively. Further, average oil content was about 3.86 and 3.90% in the heartwood of S. album growing at Bilaspur and Jawala Mukhi. Phytosociological parameters of vegetation in sandal stand at Bilaspur revealed Santalum album as the dominant tree species with its maximum IVI value which corresponds to its higher frequency, basal area, and density.
Assessment of Fruit Drop in Different Cultivars of Litchi
Authors:   ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (462 038), India, Lal Narayan , Kumar Abhay ,   ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (462 038), India, Marboh E. S. ,   ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar (842 002), India, Nath Vishal ,   ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar (842 002), India, Pandey S. D. ,   ICAR-National Research Centre on Litchi, Muzaffarpur, Bihar (842 002), India
Published: January 2022

Individual panicles produce hundreds of pistillate flowers but only a small proportion of these bear fruit and reach maturity. There are some stages of fruit drop during growth and development caused by different factors. An experimental trial was conducted in National Active Germplasm Site (NAGS) at ICAR-NRC on Litchi, Muzaffarpur, to assess the fruit drop due to different factors during 2014–2015. The result revealed that four factors viz., improper pollination and fertilization, embryo abortion, seed and fruit borer, and normal fruit abscission were associated with fruit drop in litchi and fruit drop varied from 23.53–77.54% with a maximum in Shahi and lowest in Elaichi during the first week of flowering. Fruit drop increased to 92.65–97.86% during the third week of flowering because of improper pollination and fertilization, and it reached a maximum level of 98.51–99.70% at the time of ripening stage with the lowest in Deshi. Embryo abortion was one primary cause of fruit drop during the 4th week whereas infestation of seed and fruit borer was the major factor for fruit drop during the 5–7th week. Such fruit drop can be controlled by managing the infestation of borer. Abscission due to ethylene production and heat stress during the maturity of fruit was yet another cause of fruit drop. This study will help to researcher to find out the time of infestation of seed and fruit borer which causes heavy fruit drop and it can be controlled with pest management option.
GIS based Land Use Suitability of Diversified Cropping Systems in Bareli Watershed
Authors:   Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (444 104), India, Ingle Sagar N. , Nagaraju M. S. S. ,   ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, Nagpur (440 033), India, Gadge Priya S. ,   Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (444 104), India, Deshmukh D. P. ,   Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (444 104), India, Dange N. R. ,   Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (444 104), India
Published: January 2022

A study was undertaken to evaluate the soils in Bareli watershed, Seoni district of Madhya Pradesh for sustainable land use planning. Five soil series namely, Diwartola, Diwara, Bareli-1, Bareli-2 and Bareli-3 were tentatively identified and mapped into twenty-four mapping units and a soil map was generated using remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. The land information generated during soil survey has been used to evaluate land capability, land irrigability, soil productivity and soil-site suitability for some medicinal, aromatic and spices crops. The soils were grouped into land capability sub-classes IVs and IVst and land irrigability sub-classes 2st, 3s, 3st and 4st. Soils of Diwartola, Bareli-1 and Bareli-3 were average and soils of Diwara and Bareli-2 were poor in soil productivity based on limitations of erosion, drainage and physicochemical properties. Soil-site suitability assessment reveals that soils of Bareli-1 were moderately suitable (S2) for cultivation of medicinal and spices crops like Ashwagandha, Mucana, Davana, Lemongrass, Turmeric and Ginger with moderate limitations of effective depth and slope, while, soils of Diwartola and Bareli-3 were marginally suitable (S3) for cultivation of these crops.
Modulation of Gluteus Medius Strength by Yang Qiao Mai Stimulation: A Multiple Case Report
Authors: Bianco G. , Bittencourt E. , Gallamini M. , Russo L. , Belloni G. , Scoppa F. , Pirino A.
Published: January 2022

Yang Qiao Mai, one of the eight channels known as extraordinary meridians, is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) to relieve tension in the lateral muscles of the legs.
According to TCM, each extraordinary vessel has main points, coalescent points, and one single master point (BL62 Shenmai for Yang Qiao Mai), which can influence the entire path of the meridian.
We performed a test which involved measuring the changes in abduction strength of the gluteus medius following stimulation with a new type of photobiomodulation device, which delivers a very low level of modulated light on the BL62 Shenmai acupuncture point. Twenty-two healthy volunteers were measured, stimulated, and the measurement repeated 30 minutes after the first measurement. In addition to showing a regulatory effect of the stimulation, the test confirmed that a modulated red-light emission with a stimulus duration of 20 s for a total delivered energy of 0.35 mJ can induce an acupuncture-like response, even in the short term. The difference between the two body sides generally results as being around 6 Kg: this figure appears to be a physiological limit, probably due to an anatomical compensation of the body asymmetries.
These results offer a new insight into the interpretation of the signaling process along the meridians, and appears to involve the return to homeostasis of the extracellular soft tissue matrix promoted by the photon flow.
Media Rakyat sebagai Media Komunikasi Pembangunan Masyarakat Suku Boti
Authors: Andung Petrus Ana , Nope Hotlif Arkilaus
Published: January 2022

The Boti tribe in NTT Province prefers to use bonet as a traditional media to deliver development messages. This paper aims to describe the communication pattern as well as meaning construction of bonet as a traditional media of Boti community. This study is a qualitative research using in-depth interviews and participant observation techniques. The results show that bonet is a traditional media, where there is dialogical communication among participants. The Boti people consider bonet as sacred ceremony. Decisions in bonet are considered as a representation of people’s decision. Bonet for the Boti tribe has religious, kinship/friendship, and reconciliation meanings.
Paralelisme Politik Media dalam Pemberitaan Pemilu 2014
di Indonesia
Authors: Simarmata Salvatore
Published: January 2022

Media biases may caused by various factors. One of them is called political parallelism. Political parallelism weakens the roles of media in democratic process by becoming overly one-sided leading to low quality of news news quality. The aim of this article is to investigate the presence and effect of media political parallelism on election news during the 2014 legislative and presidential elections in Indonesia, using content analysis on news items from four print media outlets. The findings show that media with certain political parallelism display high favorability in coverage of its own affiliations.
Interaktivitas Media Sosial Facebook Axe dan Dove dalam Perspektif Gender
Authors: Widyastuti Dhyah Ayu Retno , Ratriyana Ina Nur
Published: January 2022

The objective of this research was to review an interactivity on Facebook accounts of brand Axe and Dove. The interactivity itself has been analyzed using content analysis method. The finding of the research were (1) Facebook account consists of advertising campaign; (2) The messages  involve of verbal and non-verbal messages; (3) The audiences respond showed positive, negative, and neutral responses; (4) The number of audiences respond were dominated by male on Axe account and female for Dove account. The tendency of female responses were communicative and active. Meanwhile, the male responses were passive, weak, and communicative.
Ritual Hari Raya Agama: Histeria Konsumsi Massa dan Khotbah Industri Budaya
Authors: Lukmantoro Triyono
Published: January 2022

The purposes of religion ritual are embodying conscience collective in society to gain sacred values. But, Â ronically, in consumer society the religion ritual has been transformed to be means for excessive shopping on hysteria stage. More dramatically, television stations as motors of the culture industry to present religion spectacles use this momentum. It means that television pretends to celebrate the ritual, but in fact television only makes the largest profits.
Membaca Representasi Tubuh dan Identitas sebagai Sebuah Tatanan Simbolik dalam Majalah Remaja
Authors: Halomoan Manurung Pappilon
Published: January 2022

Teens magazine construct social meaning for teenagers as its audience by positioning them as part of symbolic order of media in particular ways. Teens magazine involves ideas about how be a â€˜normalâ€™ girl or an ideal girl. The normal girl is a girl who has a boyfriend, shops at mall, hears pop music, etc. The girl who does not do that thing will be categorized her as an outsider. It means, media brings its audiences to a mode of surveillance. Media distincts teenagers to â€˜usâ€™ and â€˜otherâ€™. This distinction makes some stereotypes and identities for teenagers.
Perkembangan Hubungan Perkawinan: Kajian Tahap-Tahap Perkembangan Hubungan Antarpribadi pada Suami-Istri Katolik
Authors: Suryani Anne
Published: January 2022

Focus of this research is the interpersonal relation growth phases in marriage at different marriage age. The analysis relies on the theory of The phases of interpersonal relation growth from Devito ( 2001), namely phase of Contact, Involvement, Intimacy, Deterioration, Repair, and Dissolution. Research shows that interpersonal relations of couple in Chatolic marriage develop through the phase: Contact, Involvement, Intimacy, Deterioration, and Repair phase. The Dissolution phase is not (yet) experienced by the informan because of principle of Chatolic marriage they believe. Marriage age does not relate to the relationship growth. The relationship growth itself varies in term of time, situation and process