bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incontinence-associated dermatitis in the elderly: treatment options
Authors: Corcoran Eleanor , Woodward Sue
Published: May 2014

Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) is a common problem in older people. However, it is frequently misdiagnosed and poorly treated. There is often uncertainty about which product to use to prevent and treat IAD; the different types, brands and how to apply them. This literature review looks specifically at the use of barrier products in the prevention and treatment of IAD. A systematic search found six primary research papers that analysed the effectiveness of various barrier products; they will be compared and contrasted in this review. There is a lack of evidence to recommend any one barrier product over another for use in a standardised skin care protocol such as the regimen suggested by Gray et al (2012) . More research needs to be conducted to establish the most effective barrier products on the market. More research is also needed on the efficacy of barrier products in the prevention and treatment solely of IAD rather than combined studies looking at IAD with pressure ulcers.
Nurses must report adverse drug reactions
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: May 2014

There is renewed determination throughout the European Union (EU) to reduce the economic cost and high death rate associated with adverse drug reactions through better pharmacovigilance. Timely reporting and sharing of information concerning adverse drug reactions is vital to the success of this initiative. In the UK, the reporting of serious adverse drug reactions is facilitated by the Yellow Card Scheme, yet despite being well placed to monitor the effect of medicines on patients, nurses do not make full use of the scheme. This article sets out the impact of adverse drug reactions in the EU and argues that it is essential that nurses must be at the vanguard of adverse reaction reporting if the EU's pharmacovigilance initiative is to be a success.
Transition to adult care for young people with long-term conditions
Authors: Begley Thelma
Published: May 2014

This study aimed to clarify how the transition from child to adult healthcare is managed in young people with two long-term conditions in the Republic of Ireland. A postal survey using an adapted questionnaire ( Flume et al, 2001 ) with closed and open questions was sent to all physicians and nurse specialists (n=132) caring for children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in the Republic of Ireland. Data was analysed using SPSS 16.0 for Windows and the open-ended qualitative questions were analysed using content analysis. Results showed that transition management varied depending on the service, location and resources available. Comparisons were made between CF and IDDM data. Age was found to be the criterion most commonly used to determine when to transition in all services. Healthcare professionals said transition management needed to be improved. Some services managed transition following recommended guidelines. However, the management of transition nationally needs to be more streamlined. This includes a devised cohesive strategy between adult and young people’s services.
Quality of life following ileoanal pouch failure
Authors: L Perry-Woodford Zarah
Published: May 2014

This article describes a novel qualitative study exploring the lived experience of participants having undergone ileoanal pouch failure, on a background of ulcerative colitis (UC). It focuses on the impact of living with indefinite diversion of the pouch and a permanent end ileostomy. Six participants were interviewed with an aim to establish their experience of pouch failure and the support they required. Five pertinent themes emerged that suggested participants did not expect pouch failure and were unprepared for the regression towards UC. Some participants recommenced drug therapy, wore pads to manage leakage from the diverted pouch, avoided certain social settings or manipulated diet and lifestyle in order to gain an acceptable quality of life with a permanent ileostomy. Pouch failure potentially presents adverse effects on patients' quality of life, but currently there is a deficit in support and resources available in order to provide acceptable outcomes for patients experiencing pouch failure.
Pressure ulcers in Jordan: a snapshot survey of a tertiary public hospital
Authors: Alja'afreh Mahmoud , Mosleh Sultan M
Published: May 2014

Background:

Patients are at risk of developing pressure ulcers while they are hospitalised. These risks need to be managed effectively to avoid harm and to minimise costs.

Objective:

This study was aimed at determining the prevalence and incidence of pressure ulcers at selected acute clinical settings in central Jordan.

Design:

A cross-sectional survey design.

Method:

An inpatient snapshot survey was conducted over 4 weeks in the two medical wards in a tertiary public hospital.

Results:

190 participants were surveyed, 30 cases were identified, 53% were male, and 75% were aged 60 years or older. Prevalence was 24%, approximately half of the cases were grade 2 and 23% were grade 3 and 4. Pressure ulcers were mainly found on the sacrum (43%), followed by the heel (24%). Over 4 weeks, 29 new pressure ulcer cases were identified; 55% were male, and 90% were aged 60 years or older. Pressure ulcers were mainly—in 38% of cases—identified with cerebral vascular accident patients.

Conclusion:

The results of the snapshot survey confirmed that there is a problem with maintaining patients' safety in terms of patients acquiring pressure ulcers in hospital. The number of pressure ulcers indicate less-than-optimal management of patient safety, which requires a more detailed investigation.
Preregistration nurses' views on the delivery of tissue viability
Authors: Stephen-Haynes Jackie
Published: May 2014

This article outlines an evaluation of preregistration nursing students' views on the delivery of tissue viability during their preregistration education in preparation for registration with the Nursing and Midwifery Council ( NMC, 2010 ). Data were collected from two cohorts of preregistration (n=170) over a 2-year period by means of interactive voting keypads. The author concludes that preregistration preparation within the university was inadequate for both the prevention and provision of tissue viability care in clinical practice.
Reducing hospital-acquired pressure damage: an NHS acute trust initiative
Authors: Bedo Joan
Published: May 2014

During 2009, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells NHS Trust reviewed its pressure ulcer prevention strategy; this included patient interventions and equipment provision. Standard hospital mattresses were requiring replacement and dynamics were used frequently, while the overall prevalence of pressure damage remained high. Replacing the standard foam mattress with a non-powered pressure-redistributing system (AtmosAir) was proposed. The rationale for this was that by renewing all standard foam mattresses with the AtmosAir 4000, all patients would have immediate access to a pressure redistributing mattress. Training and education of staff was increased and the Trust redesigned documentation. The outcome of this approach was a significant reduction in hospital-acquired pressure damage.
Spirituality as experienced by Muslim oncology nurses in Iran
Authors: Markani Abdolah Khorami , Yaghmaei Farideh , Fard Mohammad Khodayari
Published: May 2014

Spirituality, as an essential part of holistic care, is concerned with faith and meaning, and is usually conceptualised as a ‘higher’ experience or a transcendence of oneself. A resurgence of interest in this area is evident in postmodern culture because of the effects that spirituality and religious beliefs may have on health. Up until the last two decades, spirituality and spiritual care, although vital, were invisible aspects of nursing. However, now that these concepts have made their way into the mainstream, literature in this area has burgeoned. In addition, modern nursing grew out of spiritual roots, and spiritual care is a component of holistic care. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, little information exists documenting the expressed spirituality of nurses in general and of oncology nurses in particular. This article presents spirituality as it is experienced by Muslim oncology nurses. The investigation involved a qualitative analysis of the spirituality of 24 participants, using semi-structured interviews. Participants were oncology nurses at 12 hospitals in two educational universities of medical sciences in Tehran. The main categories of spirituality as experienced by oncology nurses included religious and existential dimensions in an Iranian Muslim context. Findings are consistent with the holistic view of Islam, that considers all dimensions of personhood simultaneously. This study is important to transcultural nursing because of the benefits of increasing nursing knowledge through research that examines nurses’ spirituality in diverse cultures.
A practical guide to safe PICC placement
Authors: Kelly Linda
Published: May 2014

Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) are a popular device for long-term vascular access. They were introduced into practice in the US in the 1970s, but only gained popularity in the UK during the 1990s (Gabriel, 1995). Many nurses now provide services for central venous access. To ensure patient safety, it is important that practitioners inserting these devices maintain up-to-date knowledge and ensure evidence-based practice. This should ultimately reduce complication and risk during insertion. The purpose of this article is to offer a guide to safe PICC insertion by providing an overview of anatomy and physiology and focusing on some of the main complications of PICC insertion and methods along with ways of reducing these.
The impact of national policy on the early diagnosis of cancer
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: May 2014

Since the mid-90s UK governments and other policy makers have sought to develop policy that addresses the need for improved outcomes for people diagnosed with cancer. However, the strategies for cancer in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are different to the policy on cancer produced under the English government. This article will examine policy developments in the English health service aimed at achieving early diagnosis of cancer with particular reference to the Cancer Reform Strategy (2007). The role of socioeconomic factors and the need for policy to address a range of cancers due to their differences in pathology and therefore diagnosis and treatment will also be considered.
The role and development of consultancy in nursing practice
Authors: Doody Owen
Published: May 2014

The term consultancy is used in many contexts. It has been applied to advanced nursing practice roles such as clinical nurse specialist, advanced nurse practitioner, nurse practitioner and other occupations. This causes confusion in the healthcare setting as the word is often used interchangeably between roles and has traditionally been used in a medical context. In addition, the development of nurse consultant posts has further compounded the uncertainty around consultancy. However, regardless of the role holder, consultancy in nursing is normally used in the context of a person in possession of expertise. This article describes consultancy in nursing; identifying its development, approaches, application and possibilities for the future.
To write or not to write: a nurse's account of writing for publication
Authors: O'Halloran Maeve , Doody Owen
Published: May 2014

Writing for publication is often seen as an arduous, daunting task reserved mainly for those in academia. This paper represents the first author's experience over the past 2 years of working on writing papers for publication in the context of personal and academic development. The aim is to reflect on the first author's journey towards publication with the intention of encouraging nursing staff to make their work visible and validate their practice through publication. This personal journey was made easier by the encouragement, help and support of the second author, a university lecturer acting as a mentor, advisor and critical friend. This paper is also intended to assure and give courage to those who have considered writing about their practice but are reluctant to do so.
Respecting a patient's wish to refuse life-sustaining treatment
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: May 2014

The Court of Protection has recently set out its reasons in the case of a gravely ill 63-year-old lady who wished to refuse a blood transfusion on faith grounds. The case reinforces the Court of Protection's promotion of the right of older, vulnerable patients to make decisions that health professionals might consider unwise and the need for nurses to guard against creeping paternalism when discharging their duties under the Mental Capacity Act 2005.
Impact of counselling on quality of life and sleep in cancer patients
Authors: Matthews Michael , Glackin Marie , Hughes Caroline , Rogers Katherine MA
Published: May 2014

It has been acknowledged that poor quality of sleep significantly correlates with poor quality of life; evidence suggests that counselling has a positive impact not only on the cancer patient's quality of life, but also on family members and friends. The aim of this service evaluation was to determine if there was an improvement in clients’ quality of life and sleep patterns following counselling as offered by a local cancer charity. A total of 60 matched pre- and post-counselling questionnaires were completed and subjected to statistical analysis. When considering quality of life, in the domains of Role Emotional, Mental Health and Mental Component Summary Score, it can be concluded that counselling has a positive effect on emotional health and mental wellbeing. The mean total number of hours sleep per night significantly increased from 6 hours sleep per night at baseline to 6.8 hours sleep per night at the completion of counselling (p=0.005) showing clients gained an extra 48 minutes sleep per night. The improved emotional and mental wellbeing alongside the extra 48 minutes sleep per night provides evidence that there is a positive outcome for those patients and families who use counselling services. Nurses and other members of the multidisciplinary team should be encouraged to discuss supportive therapies with patients and those affected by cancer at all stages of the cancer trajectory, regardless of social status, gender or cancer type.
Improving care of patients with metastatic spinal cord compression
Authors: Warnock Clare , Hodson Suzanne , Tod Angela , Mills Rebecca , Crowther Lesley , Buchanan Jean , Foran Bernadette
Published: May 2014

Metastatic spinal cord compression is a feature of advanced cancer and the incidence is likely to increase alongside improved survival rates. Patients with spinal cord compression have complex physical, psychological and social care needs. This article describes a multidisciplinary project aimed at improving the care provided to newly diagnosed patients who were admitted to a regional cancer centre for radiotherapy.

The project used a range of approaches to measure care, develop and implement interventions, and evaluate outcomes. Aspects of care reviewed in the project included mobilisation, medications including steroids and thrombo-prophylaxis, bowel management, patient priorities and concerns, discharge planning and early detection.
Ambulatory chemotherapy for teenagers and young adults
Authors: Newton Caroline , Ingram Bethan
Published: May 2014

Ambulatory chemotherapy allows high-dose chemotherapy to be delivered in an outpatient facility with multidisciplinary planning and management. At University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, this model of care has been successfully applied to a teenage and young adult population. A mobile infusion device, CADD-Solis VIP pump has allowed chemotherapy and supportive therapy administration in the ambulatory setting. Continuous and intermittent therapies have been delivered. Patients attend the ambulatory care unit daily for assessment and treatment set up. Overnight, they reside in nearby accommodation. Patients are educated to self-manage, promoting independence and empowerment; however, they also have 24-hour access to nursing and medical advice. Clear communication and patient education, adopting a multidisciplinary team approach and clear assessment guidance for patients and staff, is essential to make this model of care successful.
Reviewing prescription spending and accessory usage
Authors: Oxenham Julie
Published: May 2014

This article aims to explore the role of the stoma nurse specialist in the community and how recent initiatives within the NHS have impacted on the roles in stoma care to react to the rising prescription costs in the specialty. The article will explore how the stoma care nurse conducted her prescription reviews within her own clinical commissioning group (CCG). The findings of the reviews will be highlighted by a small case history and a mini audit that reveals that some stoma patients may be using their stoma care accessories inappropriately, which may contribute to the rise in stoma prescription spending. To prevent the incorrect use of stoma appliances it may necessitate an annual review of ostomates (individuals who have a stoma), as the author's reviews revealed that inappropriate usage was particularly commonplace when a patient may have not been reviewed by a stoma care specialist for some considerable amount of time. Initial education of the ostomate and ongoing education of how stoma products work is essential to prevent the misuse of stoma appliances, particularly accessories, as the reviews revealed that often patients were not always aware of how their products worked in practice.
Male urinary incontinence and the urinary sheath
Authors: Smart Clare
Published: May 2014

This article addresses the assessment and management of male incontinence with a specific focus on the use of the male external catheter (MEC) or urinary sheath. Education and expertise when dealing with a man with urinary incontinence, as well as a tactful and sensitive attitude towards this embarrassing problem, are essential for a successful outcome. The urinary sheath is often perceived by nurses and patients as a difficult product to master and is prone to failure owing to incorrect fitting and management. With correct usage it can make a great difference to a patient's quality of life and avoid problems often associated with urinary catheters and pads such as urinary infection and skin excoriation. Detailed assessment of the patient as well as his suitability for the MEC is essential for a successful outcome.
Let the music play
Authors: Clift Stephen
Published: May 2014

Music has the power to elicit memories and emotion, and significant pieces of music can become linked to important events in our lives. Listening to music and actively participating in music-making can help to promote positive mood and a sense of wellbeing. Stephen Clift explores music’s potential.
The physiology of sleep: homeostasis and health
Authors: Cook Neal
Published: May 2014

Sleep is a complex physiological process that is dominant in the life of every person. The functions and control of sleep are increasingly better understood, particularly in terms of its influence on health and wellbeing. Consequently, the disruption to effective sleep homeostasis has health consequences. This paper reviews the structure and functions of sleep and discusses the impact sleep disruption and deprivation have on health and homeostasis. The assessment of sleep by healthcare professionals is outlined and strategies to promote optimal sleep, largely through sleep hygiene, are presented.
Diabetes and severe mental illness
Authors: Jennings Elaine
Published: May 2014

Elaine Jennings describes the interaction between diabetes and mental health problems. She outlines the dietary and weight-loss approaches which can help to manage these comorbidities
Continuing Professional Development: Managing travel phobia and anxiety
Authors: Koch Hugh , Knight Alice , Payne Louise , Thorns Tracy
Published: May 2014

Overview

This article describes in detail what constitutes a travel phobia and the effects of traffic accidents on driver and passenger behaviour and confidence. It examines the specific causes and factors. The mental health practitioner's role in recognising, evaluating treating and/or giving health education advice is explored. Self-assessment questions are given to test the reader's knowledge.
Are primary school children’s packed lunches healthy?
Authors: Armstrong Fiona , Clapham Michael
Published: May 2014

With the uptake of healthy school dinners falling below what it used to be, many primary school children are bringing in their own packed lunches. It is important that these meals include the necessary nutrients for a growing child, but is this happening?
Adolescent autonomy: a key determinant in eating behaviour
Authors: Kell Billie
Published: May 2014

This paper outlines the state of knowledge in the area of autonomy as a determinant of adolescent eating behaviours. Adolescence and autonomy are defined and explored, generating ideas for health professionals which may help to understand adolescents and their eating behaviours.
Asthma in schools: a Scottish perspective
Authors: McMurray Ann
Published: May 2014

Children spend approximately 50% of the year at school and in the care of the school team. It is therefore of the greatest importance that children with asthma are in the care of adults who are familiar with asthma symptoms and how to treat children if they have an attack.
Urinary continence difficulties in adolescence
Authors: Weaver Anne , Dobson Penny
Published: May 2014

Bedwetting and daytime wetting are embarrassing problem for children of all ages, but they can be especially hard for teenagers. The school nurse has an important role to play in the treatment of adolescent urinary continence difficulties.
Complexities of supporting teenagers in pregnancy
Authors: Thompson Sue
Published: May 2014

This article describes the multifactorial issues that are involved when providing appropriate care to teenagers who become pregnant. The teenage pregnancy clinic was set up over 10 years ago in Liverpool by an innovative midwife, Lorna Wood, with the support of a consultant obstetrician. The pregnant teenager’s journey begins at the booking in visit, continuing throughout antenatal care and ends at the postnatal visit, approximately 6 weeks after the birth.

The article highlights the importance of the careful, accurate assessment of each individual in order to provide an optimum, flexible plan of care for both mother and baby.

The success of the clinic can be measured in many ways, not least the very low rate of non-attendance. The outcomes are good and the rate of repeat pregnancies is low (less than 3% each year). This is in part owing to the provision of contraception at the postnatal visit and continuity of care throughout by the two midwives involved.
Change and transition: What is the difference?
Authors: Mclean Christine
Published: May 2014

In the current climate of cuts the health service is set to undergo a major overhaul, and the school nursing role is likely to be affected. In this first article, Christine McLean looks at the concepts of change and transition during organizational and/or team restructure.
Contents of Swedish school health questionnaires
Authors: Ståhl Ylva , Enskär Karin , Almborg Ann-Helene , Granlund Mats
Published: May 2014

Aim:

This study aims to analyse and link the content of the health information requested in questionnaires used locally in Swedish child and school health services.

Background:

In industrialized countries, children’s health needs are changing from physical to psychosocial needs and the questionnaires used for health screening and guiding health promotion must therefore adapt to these changes.

Methods:

Questionnaires were analysed, together with health items linked to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY). The inter-rater agreement for linking was 80%. Standard age groups were used to improve the comparability across different questionnaires.

Results:

The information requested for the youngest children focused on communication and acquiring language. For the children aged 6 years and above, health questionnaires related to mental functions, the school situation, psychosomatic symptoms and issues associated with taking care of one’s health.

Conclusions:

The information relating to health in questionnaires revealed that interest focused on health items strongly related to the different age groups and to psychosocial health. The focus was the child as a person rather than the child within a family and school environment.
Looking at skin cancer and effective sun protection
Authors: Knight Claire
Published: May 2014

Rates of malignant melanoma, the most serious type of skin cancer, have trebled in under-35s since the late 1970s in Britain. Sunburn signals damage to the DNA inside skin cells, and over time this damage can develop into skin cancer. It is therefore important that children and young people are aware of the risks of sunburn and that an effective whole-school sun protection policy is in place.

This article looks at skin cancer, risk factors and effective sun protection.
Understanding male health and wellbeing needs
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: May 2014

School nurses have a role to play in the growing up process of boys, as does the rest of society. This article outlines some of the issues pertinent to male mental health and wellbeing. While its focus is on boys and their needs it is presented in the light of men and their needs so that the school nurse can help address some of the issues that concern boys and their families. The article will consider the complex concept of masculinity and the role socialization plays in perpetuating ill health, fatherhood is discussed in detail and issues related to the value of positive fatherhood described. Health inequalities are described. A conclusion is presented that calls for a cross-departmental, cross-professional approach to the health and wellbeing of men and boys and an acknowledgement that the health needs and approaches used to provide health care for males and females are different.
Development of puberty in adolescent boys and girls
Authors: Perry Margaret
Published: May 2014

For adolescents, puberty can be a difficult period of their life because of important physical and psychological changes. This article is the first in a series looking at male and female puberty issues, it aims to provide an overview of the main characteristics of puberty and how these affect young people.
Promoting a relationship-based health practice: A challenge for school nurses
Authors: Holmström Malin Rising , Asplund Kenneth , Kristiansen Lisbeth
Published: May 2014

Background: School nurses have a unique opportunity to promote health when they meet school children during the Health Dialogue.

The Health Dialogue concept is used by all the school nurses in a county in Mid Sweden.

Aim: To describe school nurses’ experiences of the Health Dialogue concept.

Methods: A qualitative descriptive study with latent content analysis of interviews performed during February-April 2012, where 16 school nurses participated.

Findings: The school nurses experienced the Health Dialogue concept as a useful tool to work with school children's health in a relationship-based, child focused, structured, and systematic way, which was refected in one overarching theme: To be in a relationship-based, health-promoting practice.’ However, school nurses also experienced loneliness and frustration from the many difficult situations with school children, and they indicated needs for further collaboration.

Conclusions: The Health Dialogue concept is child-focused, systematic and structured, but it requires further development and continuing work on statistical feedback. School nurses indicated a need for collaboration with teachers, parents, and other health professionals, as well as professional-refective supervision.
Adolescents with endometriosis: Their experience of the school health care system in Sweden
Authors: Bodén Emma , Wendel Carina , Adolfsson Annsofie
Published: May 2014

The aim of this study was to investigate what type and level of support women diagnosed with endometriosis received in Sweden from the school medical network and school nurses during their secondary and upper secondary school years and how it affected their quality of life.

A quantitative method with an inductive approach was used to collect data for the study.

Young women were found to be absent from school or missing extra-curricular activities due to pain and abnormal bleeding associated with their menstrual cycles. Some of the women thought that these symptoms were normal and did not consult the school nurse as a result of their limited experience. Others did not consult with the nurses because of a perception of poor treatment.

Endometriosis can be managed and adequate treatment can have a substantial impact on improving quality of life. It is important that school nurses are aware of the condition and that young women understand what constitutes a normal menstrual cycle and when they should seek help from health professionals.
Management of allergic rhinitis in schools
Authors: Sami Amtul S , Scadding Glenis K
Published: May 2014

Allergic rhinitis can have a substantial impact on quality of life and can affect attendance and school performance. It is important that school nurses are well aware of the condition and its possible effects, as well as how to effectively manage the condition and minimise symptoms to ensure that students with the condition have the best possible quality of life.
Looking at the impact of juvenile dermatomyositis
Authors: Lloyd Olivia C , McCann Liza J
Published: May 2014

Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is an autoimmune condition mainly affecting muscle and skin, but it can affect any organ in the body. Although rare, it can occur in children of any age. Children with JDM are usually cared for by a paediatric rheumatology team but may also be reviewed by other specialities. To achieve the best possible outcomes children should be supported by a multi-disciplinary team. The school nurse as part of this team is integral to the management of children with JDM. For children and families living with JDM the impact of the condition on their daily lives remains substantial. The aim of treatment is complete disease remission and with early diagnosis, adherence to drug therapy and a comprehensive partnership to disease management this is achievable.
Severe head injury: the primary nurse's key role within the rehabilitation team
Authors: Shaw Elizabeth E
Published: May 2014

This case study identifies aspects of care provision for a client following severe brain trauma. This provides an ideal opportunity to illustrate the effectiveness of the primary nurse's interdisciplinary role within the rehabilitation team.
Interdisciplinary rather than multidisciplinary or generic practice
Authors: Mandy Philip
Published: May 2014

There is mounting evidence that a team approach to patient care is the most appropriate model in many health-care contexts. There are also examples where teamwork breaks down and interprofessional tensions arise. This article discusses the nature of interdisciplinary care, considers the problems that can arise and puts forward the view that to have effective interdisciplinary care you need integrated interdisciplinary education.
Puppetry as a therapeutic medium: an introduction
Authors: Aronoff M
Published: May 2014

This article describes the history and role of puppetry in the therapeutic milieu, primarily with children but also with adults. The author outlines how, why and in what situations puppetry is effective, and illustrates the use of puppetry with current examples of practice.
Change within interdisciplinary teamwork: one unit's experience
Authors: Dawson Jill , Bartlett Emma
Published: May 2014

Change within interdisciplinary team working requires a systematic approach if it is to be successful. This article details the process of change implemented within a rehabilitation team and the stages that were followed to facilitate team commitment towards improving one standard of clinical practice. Future suggestions for development are discussed and the overall impact of introducing change upon clinical practice is summarized.
Global health promotion: challenge to a Eurocentric concept?
Authors: MacDonald Th'odore H
Published: May 2014

Health promotion is based on the ideas of community empowerment through personal autonomy. This article argues that the latter is a Eurocentric concept, while health promotion involves a global agenda. Approaches to a resolution of this paradox are suggested.
An insight into Paralympic amputee sprinting
Authors: Lewis Julius V , Buckley John , Zahedi Saeed
Published: May 2014

This article briefly reviews the technical, psychological and physiological factors enabling lower limb amputee athletes to achieve phenomenal sprinting performance.
Occupational therapy: made to measure
Authors: Young Anita , Joy Debbie , Harvais Val , Chesson Rosemary
Published: May 2014

Goal attainment scaling (GAS) is a method of identification and measurement of therapeutic gain. The authors wished to establish if GAS might be feasible for evaluating occupational therapy provided for children with learning disabilities with emotional and behavioural problems attending a residential special school, and to determine if it might promote multidisciplinary working.
Iso-machines in the physiotherapy management of low back pain
Authors: Coulter Alison , Langridge John
Published: May 2014

Low back pain is a very topical subject within the physiotherapy profession, particularly since the publication of the Clinical Standards Advisory Group report in December 1994. The increasing cost and incidence of back pain means that many within the profession are reconsidering the management of this condition. One area of controversy in the debate on the management of back pain is the role of iso-machines. This paper reviews the literature relating to isomachines for trunk strength testing. Trunk strength has been shown to be significantly reduced in chronic low back pain sufferers. A list of isomachines commercially available is given. The reliability, validity and clinical utility of the trunk strength measures from iso-machines are discussed and the role of iso-machines in predicting trunk strength and determining maximum voluntary effort is considered. Iso-machines are valuable as a means of obtaining reliable, objective measures of trunk strength. There are, however, claims which have no scientific basis that they can be used to predict back pain and detect malingering.
Use of the AMPS to evaluate older adults with mental health problems
Authors: Robinson Susanna , Lumb Annette
Published: May 2014

The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) is a standardized, observational assessment of functional performance used by occupational therapists throughout the UK. This paper describes the AMPS and discusses its value when used with older adults who have mental health problems. Two case studies demonstrate the applicability of the AMPS as an evaluation tool and a measure of outcome.
Burnout and work stress in junior physiotherapists
Authors: Mandy Anne , Rouse Sarah
Published: May 2014

Professional and occupational burnout is a recognized syndrome among health-care professionals. The point at which burnout becomes evident is unclear, although it has been identified in physiotherapists who have been in employment for between 5 and 9 years. The aim of this study was to investigate levels of burnout in junior physiotherapists. In addition the relationship between work stressors and burnout were also considered. Results indicated that the sample (n=31) exhibited moderate levels of burnout and work factors most strongly associated with burnout include quality/quantity of work, responsibility/authority, job satisfaction, the work role and organization. Recognition of burnout early in a physiotherapist's career may limit adverse effects of the syndrome.
A review of assessments used in paediatric occupational therapy
Authors: Chu Sidney , Hong Chia Swee
Published: May 2014

Validity and reliability are important characteristics in standardized assessments. In this article, eight norm-referenced tests that are utilized by paediatric occupational therapists are reviewed. The purpose of the review is to provide basic information on each test including its validity and reliability.
Views of newly qualified nurses on politics, health care and leadership
Authors: Foreman Karen E , Monkman Janet
Published: May 2014

As we move to the next millennium are nurses adequately prepared to meet the demands made of them? Since the change in government in May 1997, there has been a rapid succession of White Papers that have an impact on the provision of health care and nursing. By using an evaluative research methodology the perceptions of a group of newly qualified nurses were obtained regarding how politics affect health care and the importance of developing good leadership skills. The findings of the research indicate that there is a gap between the issues that nurses are aware of and what the authors feel that they should know, to be able to guide and develop them within their careers. The results of this research have already resulted in discussions being held between the director of nursing and quality in the authors' institution and the head of adult education in the university to help address some of these issues.
People with learning disabilities and multisensory environments
Authors: Terry Penny A , Hong Chia Swee
Published: May 2014

This study used a qualitative approach to explore issues on relationship formation in multisensory environments, looking specifically at adults with learning disabilities. Four occupational therapists were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Numerous issues were raised in the results. Reasons for the development of relationships in the multiensory environment and factors that positively and negatively affect these relationships were raised. Multisensory environments appear to encourage relationship formation in clients with learning disabilities and these relationships were explored.
Expertise in diagnostic reasoning: a comparative study
Authors: King Carol Ann , Bithell Christine
Published: May 2014

This study compares the diagnostic reasoning of a group of 5 physiotherapists who have undertaken a formal specialist training programme and gained a qualification in musculoskeletal physiotherapy and a group of 5 equally experienced musculoskeletal physiotherapists who have not undertaken specialist training.

Subjects were audiotaped as they worked through a dynamic case history and reached a clinical diagnosis. There were differences in their use of pattern recognition and self-monitoring reasoning skills. The study concludes that for this small group of physiotherapists, formal postgraduate specialist education appeared to have fundamentally changed their approach to a diagnostic task.
Clinical effectiveness and EBP 2: attitudes of health-care professionals
Authors: Upton Dominic
Published: May 2014

The concepts of evidence-based practice (EBP) and clinical effectiveness have become more important within the NHS in recent years. In order to enable suitable initiatives to be developed and for future policy to be shaped and evaluated, it is important that the current level of attitudes towards and knowledge of these concepts are ascertained.
Conductive education and children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Brown Hannah
Published: May 2014

This article aims to show how conductive education, an holistic system of education, can meet all the needs of children of infant school age (five to seven years old) who have cerebral palsy and how it encourages them to take an active part in their own learning.
Clinical effectiveness and EBP3: application by health-care professionals
Authors: Upton Dominic
Published: May 2014

The move towards an evidence-based culture within the NHS has been encouraged by a number of policy-led initiatives in recent years. However, it is not clear whether these developments have impacted upon practice. The current study set out to examine the application of evidence-based practice in a large, representative sample.
Llandough stroke unit: tackling team tensions
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Ruth
Published: May 2014

Following relocation from a smaller setting, Llandough hospital/rehabilitation unit experienced several problems which transferred its future developments. The staff collaborated as a team and identified two main areas for improvement, namely the need to improve communication and to develop training, education and research.
Clinical terms within the therapy services: a local review
Authors: Henry M , Price SE , Cowie J , Taylor J , Millar J , Wanger K
Published: May 2014

Information management and technology are at the heart of modern health care. Burton Hospitals NHS Trust have a well-developed Hospital Information Support System (HISS). Clinicians working in rehabilitation services identified the need to find a common language that can be used with HISS. This article describes a study to explore whether Clinical Terms Version 3 (Read Codes) would meet this need.
NHS wheelchairs and seating for disabled children
Authors: Aldersea Patsy
Published: May 2014

For children with neurological disorders and associated postural and mobility problems, early assessment with provision of appropriate wheelchair equipment as part of a 24-hour postural management programme requires cooperation between agencies and sharing of resources. The range of wheelchair equipment has improved in recent years, but availability is dependent on local criteria.
Employment and young people with a mental illness: a review
Authors: Bassett Jo , Lloyd Chris
Published: May 2014

The majority of young people with a mental illness experience significant challenges in obtaining regular occupation. Many of the mental health-related services provided do not address occupational needs. Employment can be a realistic goal for young people with mental illness but there needs to be a shift in focus from the way services have traditionally been offered.
Conductive education: developing a relevant system
Authors: Sutton Andrew
Published: May 2014

Over the last few years conductive education has spread around the world, with nearly 30 institutions employing conductors in the UK alone. The system developed originally in Hungary and is now having to adapt to a new cultural and social milieu. Since 1986 the Foundation for Conductive Education has been pursuing a strategic approach to developing a new kind of provision in the UK.
Sports massage and psychological regeneration
Authors: Hemmings Brian
Published: May 2014

Massage has often been highlighted as a modality for potentially enhancing psychological regeneration during intense training. Despite numerous anecdotal testimonies to its efficacy, little scientific research exists on the effects of massage on psychological states. This study aimed to investigate massage and the mood response following sports training.
Consumer involvement in research: reflections of a professional
Authors: Couldrick Lorna
Published: May 2014

This paper describes the shift in health- and social-care research from studies about consumers to collaborative research undertaken with consumers. This view is set in the wider context of consumer involvement, political will, professional power and dominance. Different ways of involving consumers in research and its advantages and disadvantages are discussed.
Physiotherapy and botulinumtoxin in spasticity management
Authors: Stark Sandra C
Published: May 2014

This article outlines the role of botulinum toxin as an adjunct to physiotherapy in spasticity management. It stresses the need for a multi-disciplinary approach in order to maximize the potential for a successful outcome. Criteria for effective use of botulinum toxin are discussed, and the importance of constant evaluation through outcome measures is emphasized.
Clients' views of preoperative education before hip replacement
Authors: Spalding Nicola J
Published: May 2014

This paper looks at the justification for providing preoperative education to clients before their admission into hospital for a total hip replacement. The evidence base for this discussion is taken both from the literature and the views of some clients who had recently had a hip replacement.
Enabling occupation: a role within a multi-disciplinary context
Authors: Fisher Angela
Published: May 2014

Successful implementation of the NHS Plan will depend on a workforce committed to collaboration with other disciplines and agencies and also with service users and their families and carers. A clear identity for professions is necessary for effective collaborative practice. This paper argues that enabling occupation should be the primary focus for occupational therapy.
The impact of rheumatoid arthritis in the workplace
Authors: Gilworth G , Woodhouse A , Tennant A , Chamberlain MA
Published: May 2014

Work is of great importance to many people with rheumatoid arthritis, but despite recent advances in drug therapy, the risk of work disability remains high in this population. This article focuses on the experiences of people at work with rheumatoid arthritis. It is based on a study that examined the factors relevant to them while still in work through qualitative interviews.
An effective survival strategy for evidence-based practice
Authors: Lankshear Annette
Published: May 2014

Practitioners in the NHS are bombarded with demands to base their practice on the best available evidence. Using stroke care as an example, this article suggests some simple and practical steps that a team might take in implementing evidence based practice?
Parkinson's disease and younger people: impact on activities
Authors: Birleson Angela
Published: May 2014

In this the first of two articles, the author undertakes an examination of the impact of Parkinson's disease on the activities and roles of a group of 10 people under 65 years old. The study identifies the activities with which they experience difficulty with, in addition to those that represent the most value in their lives.
User participation in mental health care: a literature review
Authors: Minett RJ
Published: May 2014

Within mental health services, there is increasing importance attached to involving users in a number of ways, including planning, evaluating and delivering services, and conducting research and training of professional staff. This article reviews the literature on user involvement in mental health care, research and education.
Rights of access to services for disabled people
Authors: Brothers Michael , Scullion Philip , Eathorne Victoria
Published: May 2014

This article places in context the legal requirements for health service providers and rehabilitation and therapy staff, to ensure that their services deal with disabled people equitably. Examples from a recently revised code of practice are given, encouraging action on the part of service providers to secure lasting equality.
How journal clubs can overcome barriers to research utilization
Authors: Bannigan Katrina , Hooper Lyndsey
Published: May 2014

The second of this two-part article will focus on journal clubs – an intervention used to increase the use of research findings and provide a forum for critical appraisal. This article introduces the concept of a journal club, explores the roles that they can play in overcoming barriers to research utilization, and provides an insight into how to establish a journal club.
The rationale behind pressure-reducing equipment: 1
Authors: Maylor Miles E
Published: May 2014

This is the first of two articles surveying the different types and operational characteristics of pressure-reducing equipment used for protecting patients from pressure ulceration.