bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictor of Instant Messaging Use among Students for Academic Purpose
Authors: Roslan Nur Ain Nabilah , Mohd Ayub Ahmad Fauzi , Ghazali Norliza
Published: September 2020

This study was carried out to identify the predictors of instant messaging use for academic purposes among undergraduates at Faculty of Educational Studies in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM). Predictors studied were perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, perceived convenience, attitude toward use and behavior intention to use instant messaging for academic purposes. A total of 285 samples were selected from undergraduates. Data were collected in a quantitative manner using a questionnaire. The inferential statistic confirmed the significant positive relationship between perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, perceived convenience, attitude toward use and behavior intention with the use of instant messaging for academic purposes. All relationship was identified as moderate. Also, the multiple linear regressions analysis was used to identify predictors of six independent variables that contributed towards the use of instant messaging. Finally, the results showed the predictors of instant messaging use for academic purposes amongst students were the perceived usefulness, perceived convenience and attitude towards the use of instant messaging. The study indicated that when students feel by using the instant messaging is useful and convenience to them, they will use it. Besides that, positive attitudes towards using instant messaging is among critical factor for the students to use it. This finding further suggests that students in general positively view of instant messaging as a useful tool that supports them in communicating between peers and lecturers. This further suggests that instant messaging platforms are likely to have a positive perception and students feel pleased to use instant messaging as tools of communication.
An Operational Study of Video Games’ Genres
Authors: Qaffas Alaa A.
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a study of the most successful games during the last 34 last years (1986 – 2019). We observed that the 100 most ranked games are represented by 16 genres (adventure, role-playing, shooter, platform, puzzle, strategy, hack and slash/beat 'em up, real time strategy, turn-based strategy, point-and-click, indie, racing, sport, fighting, arcade and simulator). These genres are then compares to show which genres are more attractive for players. As a result, we observed that 6 genres among the 16 represent the most ranked games (adventure, RPG, shooter, platform, puzzle, and strategy). They represent 0.83 of the successful games. This allowed us to recommend to combining the others genres with the 6 selected genres. Also, we analyzed the evolution of the 16 games genres during the last 34 years. We observed that some genres have a great success until the past decades, but they haven’t a success in this decade. Game designers and researchers in the field of games may rethink about how to add attractive elements in the genres non-successful in this decade.  Also, we observed that some genres like the indie games haven’t a great success in the past decades, but they have an important increased success in this decade. This may encourage the decision makers and the game designer to invest on these genres.
À la recherche du « locuteur ordinaire » : vers une catégorisation des métadiscours
Authors: Osthus Dietmar
Published: September 2020

Cette recherche part du constat de la sous-représentation des « locuteurs ordinaires » dans les études sur la linguistique populaire, particulièrement dans le contexte français. Comment faire en sorte que les activités métalinguistiques de ceux qui ne s’expriment ni en tant que défenseurs de la langue, ni en tant que logophiles soient prises en compte ? Nous proposons une classification des corpus de la linguistique populaire en vue de leur représentativité. Les différents critères de catégorisation servent à la réflexivité méthodologique des chercheurs. La différence entre sources implicites et explicites sera notamment abordée.
Quand le savoir s’emmêle… La construction discursive de la norme chez les locuteurs non experts
Authors: Meunier Deborah , Rosier Laurence
Published: September 2020

Le champ émergent en France de la linguistique populaire (issue de la folk linguistics américaine) interroge les frontières entre discours savants et discours spontanés du point de vue de la validité des hypothèses linguistiques : qu’est-ce que les non-linguistes savent du langage ? Quels savoirs théoriques construisent-ils ? Par quel biais ? Y a-t-il une gradation de locuteurs non experts, semi-experts, experts dans certains domaines ? À partir d’un corpus constitué d’extraits du web et d’interviews d’étudiants Erasmus à l’université de Liège (Belgique), les auteures montrent comment se construit et se reproduit le discours normatif sur la langue par le recours à des figures imaginaires de référence du savoir langagier.
The “lost art” of Archaic Greek painting: revealing new evidence on the Pitsa pinakes through MA-XRF and imaging techniques
Authors: Brecoulaki Hariclia , Verri Giovanni , Bourgeois Brigitte , Romano Francesco Paolo , Karydas Andreas G. , Caliri Claudia , González Elena Martín , Kavvadias Giorgos
Published: September 2020

In the present work, four wooden panels dated to the second half of the 6th century B.C., discovered in 1934 inside a cave located in Corinthia near the ancient city of Sicyon, are examined. The “Pitsa pinakes” are the oldest known examples of panel painting in ancient Greece. The application of non-invasive and non-contact imaging and analytical techniques (imaging techniques, including infrared-reflected and visible-induced luminescence, microscopy and mapping XRF) has brought to light significant evidence on the materials and the technology of the paintings. Multiple figurative elements that had remained previously “unseen”, due to the losses and degradation of the original paint layers, were recovered, allowing for a better understanding of the original iconography. Furthermore, imaging techniques have largely contributed to an enhanced reading and understanding of the inscriptions preserved on the panels, including the personal name “Kalypso” on the panel depicting a ritual dance (inv. 16467); this name had hitherto been known only through literary sources.
Color and perspective in Late Classical painting
Authors: Walter-Karydi Elena
Published: September 2020

The concept of a central perspective, as invented in the Early Renaissance, is unknown in ancient Greek painting. There is no visualization of space either in archaic images, where the figures stand on a continuous ground line, or in early classical ones, when a specific art of perspective (body perspective) is invented and the figures, in contrapposto postures, may stand on ground lines placed at various heights but are still not coordinated in size. Shortly after the middle of the 4th century, there appear new pictorial means: enhanced body perspective, often combined with a ground surface, viewed-from-below body perspective and color perspective. Even with these revolutionary innovations, no space as such comes into being in Greek painting; perspective appears only as applied to bodies.
A group of painted funerary monuments from Hellenistic Alexandria in the Metropolitan Museum of Art
Authors: Abramitis Dorothy H. , Abbe Mark B.
Published: September 2020

Examination and scientific analysis have elucidated the well-preserved figural painting on a collection of limestone funerary stelai and loculus slabs from Alexandria, Egypt, dating from the late 4th to 3rd centuries B.C. This paper presents new information about the preparation, design, and technique of these paintings, which display a lead white ground preparation, both incised and black preliminary drawing, and a masterful elaborate multi-layered painting process to build up color. The paintings’ generally bright colorful palette employs a wide range of pigments attested elsewhere in the classical Greek palette, and features, notably, the extensive use of mimetite, a geologically rare yellow lead arsenate mineral, uncommon in Greek and Roman painting and unknown in earlier Pharaonic painting traditions.
The new corpus of painted Imperial Roman marble reliefs from Nicomedia: a preliminary report on polychromy
Authors: Abbe Mark B. , Şare Ağtürk Tuna
Published: September 2020

This paper presents an initial report on the extant polychromy on the remarkable series of Roman marble state relief sculptures excavated at a newly discovered Tetrarchic imperial building complex in Nicomedia (Turkey). The reliefs, featuring imperial and other diverse subject matters, retain extensive ancient coloration. A brief discussion of the history of the discovery and excavations surrounding these reliefs and the current Tübitak Archaeological Project is followed with a discussion of their polychromy. Preliminary observations about the painting technique, the range of colors and the palette of pigments and patterning are presented, before focusing on the use of color in the dress of the imperial costumes of the emperors. These exceptional painted state reliefs afford key new insights into the nexus of art, color-coding, sculpture, and court ritual in later Roman culture.
Intelligent Recommender Systems in E-Commerce
Authors: Huseynov Farid
Published: September 2020

Among thousands of alternatives, most of the time online customers cannot easily decide on which product to purchase or service to utilize. In order to assist online customers in their decision-making process, business owners have started to make their online platforms more intelligent by enhancing their platforms with intelligent recommender systems. Recommender systems, also known as recommender agents or intelligent agents, are intelligent software that provide easily accessible, personalized, highly relevant, and high-quality recommendations to customers in various online platforms. This chapter discusses different types of recommender systems and provides use case examples of recommender systems in various e-commerce platforms. This chapter shows how recommender systems make life easier for online customers in the constantly developing and growing internet environment. This chapter also discusses the challenges posed by recommender systems to online customers.
Identifying Key Barriers for Successful Technology Adoption
Authors: Murali Nishal , Krishnakumar Ramprasad
Published: September 2020

Technology adoption has been critical to the organizations as it is a deciding factor for successful business in the global market and a way to cope with hyper competition. Many industries have clearly not been successful in implementing or integrating new technology. This chapter reviews and discusses the key barriers in adapting the technology and drivers which would be supportive to overcome these key critical barriers. This could be apt and clear for an organisation to review the key factors that need to be assessed in the initial stage for a successful adaption of technology.
What Factors Influence the Use of Electronic Commerce?
Authors: Abar Hayri , Alkan Ömer
Published: September 2020

The concept of trade has emerged with the inter-business division of labor. The internet, which is a much more recent concept than trade, has begun to get closer over time. The reason why trade is to see the internet as a commercial tool lies in the fact that the internet is spread over a wide mass network. The aim of this study is to determine socio-economic and demographic factors that are effective in purchasing or ordering goods and services by internet in Turkey. It was found that the number of information equipment, income, being male, working, and education increased the probability of shopping over the internet. It was determined that household size and age decreased. Females shop for clothing and sports goods more than males. The highest correlation with the purchase of other product groups over the internet is through holiday accommodation and other travel-related transactions.
Usability Cost-Benefit Analysis for Information Technology Applications and Decision Making
Authors: Rajanen Mikko
Published: September 2020

Usability is an important quality attribute for information technology (IT) applications. However, integrating usability design and evaluation as an integral part of the development processes in information technology development organizations is still a challenge. This chapter gives an overview on the usability cost-benefit analysis models and provides some example cases of the importance of usability. These models and cases can be used by usability professionals to motivate the organizational management to provide resources for usability work and to integrate usability work as part of the development process. The target audience for this chapter are professionals and researchers working in the field of IT, managers in IT development organizations, as well as managers in organizations acquiring and using IT.
Business Process Outsourcing and ICT Connecting With New Markets of ATU Gagauzia
Authors: Ghenova Svetlana
Published: September 2020

The Gagauzian enterprises (ATU Gagauzia, Republic of Moldova) in the period of development of ITC technologies converge to the fact that human resource management will be more effective if it deals with outsourcing experts and specialists of the company. The wide range of created opportunities for the development of manufacturing industry in the ATU Gagauzia (Republic of Moldova) are considered. An analysis of the production and economic performance of the manufacturing industry, in connection with the problems of regional authority regulation of the manufacturing market, is done. The characteristic of production and technical potential of the manufacturing industry in the country and its use is given. Much attention is paid to creation conditions of investments in the fixed capital of the industry and the development of methods of regional authorities of the regulation of investment activities. The publication covers the foundations of the formation and management of the regional human resources.
Sustainable Manufacturing in the Era of Industry 4.0
Authors: Kumar Ravinder
Published: September 2020

This is an era of information technology and Industry 4.0 in the manufacturing sector. Globalization and spread of technology have leveled the field of competition among all economies. With aforementioned development, there is a need for sustainable manufacturing practices to justify the use of natural resources all over the globe. Both developed and developing economies should adopt the sustainable practices of manufacturing. On other hand, managing challenges of sustainable manufacturing is an uphill task for manufacturing organizations for several reasons. In this chapter, the author has analyzed the challenges of sustainable manufacturing by using DEMATEL technique to differentiate them in cause and effect challenges. This differentiation can further help in effective analysis of these challenges. From practical and managerial viewpoints, this study can help the policymakers and strategy planners of manufacturing organizations in better understanding of sustainability and its aspects. Further, it can help in developing policies on sustainable manufacturing on national and international level both in developed and developing economies.
A Review of Recent Issues and Challenges of Fault Management Techniques in Underwater Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Sharma Nonita , Sharma Krishna Pal , Rani Rajneesh
Published: September 2020

Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are deployed to conduct cooperative surveillance and data gathering tasks in an acoustic region. Different nodes and ground-based stations use these networks interactively. UWSNs are currently facing problems and difficulties related to restricted bandwidth, substantial delay in propagation, 3D topology, control of media access, routing, use of resources, fault management, and energy limitations. The research community has given various methodologies over the past few decades to address these problems and challenges; however, owing to varying attributes of the underwater environment, some of them are still open to research. In this chapter, a survey of fault management techniques in UWSN regarding types of faults and their classification, environmental factors influencing the identification of faults, fault detection schemes, issues, and future directions is performed. This chapter outlines available fault management techniques and their pros and cons for further advancement in underwater sensor networks to highlight new research trends.
Higher Data Rate Transmission for Underwater Wireless Sensor Communications Using Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) Bands
Authors: Sharma Manish
Published: September 2020

It is known that for underwater communication systems, lower frequency bands are used, which also affects the data rate transmission at lower rate. This is due to different physical phenomena such as reflections, refraction, and energy dispersion. This can be mitigated by installing wireless sensors that are placed close to each other, and hence, for accurate measurements, higher communication bandwidth is required. By using real scenario for measurement at higher data rate, 2.4GHz ISM band is used efficiently for underwater communication system with efficient use of energy.
Issues in Underwater Cables Deploymentby Risk Analysis
Authors: Grover Jitender
Published: September 2020

Underwater cable deployment facilitates the coverage and speed of internet all over the world for various applications like international trade, various communication transfers, and other daily end user requirements. Also, critical network infrastructure below the water remains largely unexplored to end users because they are not directly related with its development. However, the risk of damage or destruction by unintentional underwater accident or intentional malicious threats leads to costly and communications disruptions. This chapter solves two primary goals. The first is to highlight the issues in underwater cable deployment that may be seen or unseen leads to various potential risks that could interrupt cable-supported services. The second goal is to explore the various possibilities for securing the organization to ensure business continuity.
The Immanent Presence of the Home Language in the Foreign Language Classroom Under the Transformative-Holistic Pedagogical Paradigm
Authors: Herrero-Martín Rosana
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to advocate for the integrated use of the home language/culture in the foreign language/culture classroom. This recommendation is made with the support and application of transformative-holistic pedagogical principles. The chapter uses reflection and experiential methods to engage with the selected area and paradigm of inquiry from several multidisciplinary analytical and critical perspectives. These frames of reference include the cognitive, cross-cultural, affective, neuroscientific, metalinguistic, and literacy approaches.
Early Learning Environments
Authors: Burns Sheron C. , Jules Janice E.
Published: September 2020

The literature establishes that a child's language development begins before birth and precedes to the beginning of formal education. For this reason, the first place of learning is the home, under the guidance of parents and family. Therefore, on entering a school system, a young child already has a base of knowledge and can communicate competently in many ways. However, often the child's communicative competence in some aspects contrasts with the standards of school culture. This chapter sets out to highlight the importance of incorporating children's home languages into their formal learning environment during the first eight years of life. Further the chapter underscores the need to maximize the learning process, while respecting learners' cultural and personal identities, learners and their parents and guardians must be able to understand the significance of language for communication. Accordingly, providing a quality early learning experience must include accepting, embracing, and valuing each learner's home language.
Immigrant and Refugee Children's Social and Emotional Well-Being During the Transition to Preschool
Authors: Li-Grining Christine Pajunar , Naqi Zahra , Johnson-Davis Kelsey , Franco A. Maria Teresa
Published: September 2020

Among the most vulnerable immigrants and refugees are young children, whose lack of maturity and autonomy leave them dependent on adult caregivers. With a focus on the transition from home to school, this chapter integrates developmental and school transition theories in order to shed light on risks among young immigrant and refugee children as well as opportunities to support their development. Guided by this combined framework, the authors examine linkages from parents' experiences with acculturation stress and microaggressions to children's social and emotional development. The chapter also discusses sources of resilience, such as parents' own positive childhood experiences. The authors then address the need for future research to utilize mixed methods designs to help advance knowledge on the adaptation of preschoolers from immigrant and refugee backgrounds. Lastly, the chapter discusses using such methods as part of research-community partnerships focused on the early education of immigrant and refugee children.
How Choices and Constraints in Parents' Early Education Decisions Affect Children's School Readiness
Authors: Gandhi Jill
Published: September 2020

The socioeconomic achievement gap begins at school entry and widens as children move through school. Many children from low-socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds do not have access to the material resources or environmental enrichment that would allow them to start school at the same academic level as their peers from high-SES backgrounds. However, a wealth of research supports the potential for high-quality early care and education programs to supplement the cognitive development of students from low-SES families. Low enrollment in high-quality programs and high absenteeism rates can render these children unable to gain cognitive benefits that will prepare them for school entry. This chapter highlights how low enrollment in high-quality early care and education programs and low attendance rates are two overlooked components of dosage that contribute to the small estimates of the efficacy of preschool and the early achievement gap. By understanding these two components of dosage as the outcomes of parents' constrained decision-making, early education policy could be improved.
A Two-Generational Approach to Promoting a Successful Transition to Kindergarten
Authors: Pears Katherine C. , Kim Hyoun K.
Published: September 2020

The kindergarten transition is a time when both children and parents face changes in routines, environments, and peers. The new cognitive and behavioral expectations for children at school may also require enhanced parenting skills. Thus, programming to support the transition to kindergarten for children requires a two-generational approach. This chapter describes the Kids In Transition to School (KITS) Program, an intervention designed to help both children and parents gain the essential skills necessary to make a positive transition to kindergarten. For children, this includes academic and social-emotional skills. For parents, this includes skills to support children's learning at home and school as well as positive parenting skills. Evidence from multiple randomized controlled trials and a large-scale implementation shows positive effects on both children and parents. Future directions for research are also explored.
The CSR Performance and Earning Management Practice on the Market Value of Conventional Banks in Indonesia
Authors: Hatane Saarce Elsye , Pranoto Amadea Nathania , Tarigan Josua , Susilo Josephine Alexandra , Christianto Ang Jonathan
Published: September 2020

This study examined the effect of the components of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and earnings management on market value, measured using Tobin's Q. CSR is measured by using KLD Index, while earnings management used discretionary loan loss provision. The GMM-SYS (generalized method of moment system) dynamic panel data method is employed to examine the research framework on conventional banks listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Among six components in CSR disclosures, only corporate governance, environmental and product disclosures are favorable for bank's market value. Furthermore, earnings management had a positive impact on market value. Empirical result indicated that CSR functions as a part of bank strategic moves in order to survive the highly dynamical business environment. Since CSR inflicts additional costs for the company, they must perform CSR efficiently while maintaining a strong relationship with shareholders. This study contributes to CSR and financial management literature by finding the nature of CSR effects as future strategic investment.
Automation of VAT System
Authors: Nandi Biplob Kumar , Kabir Md. Humayun , Roy Nandini
Published: September 2020

The automated tax system has been taken as an effective tool for modernizing the tax system. The automated tax system can easily store all types of reported income, and it makes the tax submission procedure easy and convenient, resulting in reducing the compliance cost. The main objective of this chapter is to explain the necessity of an automated value added tax (VAT) system for raising domestic resource mobilization and how automation can be a better alternative to finance sustainable development goals projects. The secondary data was collected from the National Board of Revenue, Bangladesh. This study explains that the entire VAT system's automation can reduce the taxpayers' incentive to evade tax by reducing the tax compliance and taking bribes of tax officials. In sum, automation of the tax system would ultimately be pragmatic tax reform for the financing in the SDG projects.
The Role of IT Governance and Managing IT Investment on Firm Performance
Authors: Ilmudeen Aboobucker
Published: September 2020

Although the multifaceted effects of managing or governing IT have been taken into consideration in both practice and theoretical debate, the mechanism through which these bring firm performance is yet unclear and limited. Drawing on the resource-based theory and the process theory, this chapter aims to systematically review the antecedents of business-IT alignment on the firm performance context. The findings of this study show that the business-IT alignment is derived from IT governance practices and managing IT investment to achieve firm performance. This study proposes that the firm performance cannot be attained by merely investing in IT; instead, firms should focus on effective management of IT practices and strategically align their business and IT strategies.
The Effect of the Mandatory IFRS Adoption on Audit Fees in Malaysia
Authors: Makni Fourati Yosra Makni , Bougacha Dorra
Published: September 2020

This study examines the effect of the mandatory IFRS adoption on audit fees in an emergent context, such as the case of Malaysia. Using a comprehensive dataset of all publicly-traded Malaysians companies, the authors quantify an economy-wide increase in the mean level of audit costs after the IFRS transition. The final sample consists of 204 companies listed on the stock exchange of Malaysia, and publishes their information on audit fees in their annual reports allowed on the site of the Malaysian scholarship (Boursa Malaysia). Empirical results suggest that there has been some increase in audit fees in Malaysia after the mandatory adoption of IFRS in 2012. But this increase is considered more or less significant because Malaysia adopted the IFRS voluntarily in 2006. To discuss this meaning, the authors added an additional test that makes the results more robust.
Principles and Applications of Thermal Spray Coatings
Authors: Henao John , Poblano-Salas Carlos A. , Vargas Fabio , Giraldo-Betancur Astrid L. , Corona-Castuera Jorge , Sotelo-Mazón Oscar
Published: September 2020

The goal of the chapter is to address the fundamental theory of thermal spraying and its modern industrial applications, in particular, those involving flame spray, HVOF, plasma spray, and cold spray processes. During the last 30 years, thousands of manuscripts and various book chapters have been published in the field of thermal spray, displaying the evolution of thermally sprayed coatings in many industrial applications. Thermal spray coatings are currently interesting for different modern applications including prosthesis, thermal barriers, electrochemical catalysis, electrochemical energy conversion devices, biofouling, and self-repairing surfaces. The chapter will explain the fundamental principles of the aforementioned thermal spraying processes and discuss the effect of different controlling parameters on the final properties of the produced coatings. This chapter will also explore current and future industrial applications of thermal spray coatings.
Advances in Low Thermal Conductivity Materials for Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Vargas-Bernal Rafael , Bermúdez-Reyes Bárbara
Published: September 2020

One of the areas of research that continue to attract researchers worldwide is the development of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) especially associated with the design of new ceramic topcoats with low thermal conductivity and a high coefficient of thermal expansion. The purpose of this chapter is to present the advances that have been achieved regarding ceramic topcoats in the last decades, making a historical journey that culminates with the contributions of this decade. The introduction of new crystalline structures and chemical compositions have opened the door to the real possibilities of replacing yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) to ensure the optimal thermomechanical-chemical properties required by TBCs. Future research directions associated with this topic are also provided.
A Review of the Cold Gas Dynamic Spraying Process
Authors: Roy Sudesna , Tripathy Subhrasmita
Published: September 2020

In this modern era, use of coatings on engineering materials has become highly inevitable. One such emerging coating method is the cold gas dynamic spraying. It is a solid-state process where deposition on to the surface of the material is done at high pressure and velocity. Adhesion of the powder to the substrate is possible because of the high amount of plastic deformation. This chapter introduces the CGDS system and discusses the types of set-ups and its modifications that are generally used. Further, the chapter delves into the process parameters in the spraying process and the correlation of these parameters with the coating properties. It also provides a comprehensive review of the current theories of bonding mechanism in cold spray. It aims to provide an overview of the material systems that have been investigated so far for cold spraying with an outline of the experimental and numerical simulation that have been researched.
Learning at Half Capacity
Authors: Xing Deyu (Cindy) , Bolden Benjamin
Published: September 2020

First, this chapter provides an overview of current research on international students' academic acculturation under the lens of self-determination theory in relation to international students' psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Next, the authors report on a recent study that explored academic acculturation experiences using musically enhanced narrative inquiry, a unique form of arts-based research that produces musical representations of the stories of six international student participants studying at a Canadian university. Lastly, the authors propose future directions for Canadian higher education stakeholders to become more supportive and inclusive of international students on Canadian university campuses.
Multilingual International Students From the Perspective of Faculty
Authors: Tavares Vander
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores the experiences and perceptions of 14 faculty members toward multilingual international students at River University—a large, research-focused university in Ontario. Data was collected through an online survey and analysed thematically. Responses were categorised under three broad categories with respect to faculty's (1) perceptions of multilingual international students' contributions to River's academic community, (2) challenges surrounding faculty's interactions with multilingual international students, and (3) strategies developed and implemented to support students' academic success. Overall, findings were consistent with those in the current research literature, in which language proficiency was identified by faculty as a major concern, and multilingual international students were considered important for the enhancement of cultural and intellectual diversity, and for the internationalisation of higher education.
Chinese International Graduate Students' Perceptions of Classroom Assessment at a Canadian University
Authors: Gu Yue
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate Chinese international students' perceptions of classroom assessment in Canadian higher education. Data collection for the study took place in a Canadian university and was comprised of two parts: an online survey for the collection of quantitative data, and semi-structured interviews for the collection of qualitative data. Sixty-two participants (n=62) voluntarily finished the online questionnaire and ten interview participants took part in semi-structured interviews. The exploration into the participants illustrated that Chinese graduate students held positive perceptions of classroom assessment at the Canadian university where the study was conducted, in terms of congruence with planned learning, authenticity, student consultation, transparency, and diversity.
Teaching and Learning Professional Development for International Graduate Students
Authors: Fisher Lianne
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, Bakhtin's metatheoretical framework of dialogism is offered as a frame in which to consider the work of Centres for Teaching and Learning (CTLs) on university campuses. Dialogism keeps front and centre the co-construction of student learning and teaching and the ways in which international graduate students' knowledges and experiences enhance and inform university teaching and learning. The chapter outlines CTL professional development activities that support the scholarship of international teaching assistants (ITAs). A discussion of the differences and tensions between learning a language and using language to learn is offered. CTLs are often seen as sites for instrumental and pragmatic instructional purposes, rather than the sites where ITAs are invited into the teaching and learning scholarly community; this later idea will be highlighted throughout.
Plagiarism and Information Literacy Workshops for International Students
Authors: Liu Guoying , Zhang Zuochen , Smith Clayton , Xu Shijing , Pillon Karen , Guo Haojun
Published: September 2020

The population of international students has increased significantly at the University of Windsor in recent years, and the university takes a variety of actions to address several key issues of interest to international students, including academic integrity, English language development, and writing support. This chapter reports findings from a multi-year collaborative project that was designed to enhance international students' library and academic literacy, with a focus on the understanding of plagiarism and measures to prevent it. A number of workshops that involved students at different levels were delivered to students from the English language improvement, undergraduate, and graduate programs. Research data collected from these workshops indicate that students benefited from the workshops, although at different degrees because of various factors, such as academic discipline, English language proficiency, previous educational experience. Further research can be conducted to explore ways to optimize such programs to meet the needs of students, particularly international students.
Effect of Provision and Utilization of Support Areas on International Students' Perceived Academic Success
Authors: Soetan Taiwo O.
Published: September 2020

This study examined the effect the provision and utilization of different support areas had on the perceived academic success of international students at a large community college in Canada. The study considered the effect of the provision of support areas on one hand, and the utilization of these support areas on the other hand on the perceived academic success of international students. A quantitative study was conducted to measure the effect of the provision and utilization of support areas on international students' perceived academic success. A target sample size of 399 international students who were pursuing different academic programs at a large community college in Canada was recruited to participate in a hard copy, one-on-one survey in the winter semester of 2019. The Canadian government's strategy at both the federal and provincial/territorial levels of increasing international students' presence in Canada as a way of addressing the aging workforce and population challenge in Canada would be more successful with increased investments in these support areas.
Internationalization Through NNES Student Recruitment
Authors: Plumb Anouchka
Published: September 2020

It can be difficult to decipher the extent to which Canadian university internationalization efforts have been corralled to actualize mostly through non-native English speaking (NNES) foreign student recruitment. Although international surveys often report that an overwhelming majority of foreign students endorse Canada as a study destination and are satisfied with their Canadian study experience, the voices of students who experience a different reality are often overlooked. This chapter begins with an overview of internationalization values. The author then reviews the ways in which neoliberal ideology reshapes higher education as a good and places NNES foreign students as consumers in competition. Next, the foreign student recruitment is aligned with the internationalization rationales of generating revenue and migrating skills to benefit Canada's national economy. The reported realities of NNES foreign students are shared, followed by questions to springboard dialogue on identifying and mitigating gaps for NNES foreign student university study on Canadian campuses.
Inclusivity in Higher Tourism Studies
Authors: Barrientos-Báez Almudena , Parra-López Eduardo , Martínez-González José Alberto
Published: September 2020

The university as an institution plays a key role in its role in improving the quality of life of people. On the other hand, education is shown as a fundamental pillar to achieving an ideal configuration of a heterogeneous, diversified, organized, and inclusive society. Teamwork and respect among the people who are part of the academic community are reflected in the development of the teaching units that make up the Teaching Guides adapted to the European Education Area. With this premise, the objective of this research is to establish the interrelationship between inclusive education in the university and the tourism industry. To this end, it will be analysed to what extent the Tourism Degree curriculum contains subjects related to inclusiveness, particularly with aspects such as disability and mobility. A thorough literature review on this field of study and the analysis of real cases of a sample of Spanish universities is carried out.
Surveillance in the COVID-19 Normal
Authors: McCall Michael K. , Skutsch Margaret M. , Honey-Roses Jordi
Published: September 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the adoption of surveillance technologies in cities around the world. The new surveillance systems are unfolding at unprecedented speed and scale in response to the fears of COVID-19, yet with little discussion about long-term consequences or implications. The authors approach the drivers and procedures for COVID-19 surveillance, addressing a particular focus to close-circuit television (CCTV) and tracking apps. This paper describes the technologies, how they are used, what they are capable of, the reasons why one should be concerned, and how citizens may respond. No commentary should downplay the seriousness of the current pandemic crisis, but one must consider the immediate and longer-term threats of insinuated enhanced surveillance, and look to how surveillance could be managed in a more cooperative social future.
Technology Use by Urban Local Bodies in India to Combat the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Mukherjee Falguni
Published: September 2020

This article provides a comprehensive review of the use of information and communication technologies by urban local bodies in India in their war against the COVID-19 pandemic based on a detailed survey conducted during the pandemic period. India reported its first case of COVID-19 in late January, and government authorities have been on a war footing since then to curb the spread of the virus. Following a tradition that has been instilled within government agencies since the Modi Government came into power in 2014, local, state, and central government agencies turned to a widespread use of geospatial, surveillance and information and communication technologies as part of a strategy to monitor and track movement, manage individuals, and enforce quarantine norms. However, several important questions arise from the blind use of technology that remain unanswered. The use of technology by government agencies raise key questions on privacy, civil liberties, and suitability and viability of their use.
The sex ratio of the koinobiont parasitoid Microcharops anticarsiae Gupta remains female-biased on young larvae of velvetbean in the laboratory environment
Authors: Gil Oniel Jeremias Aguirre , Souza Leandro Aparecido de , Funichello Marina , Busoli Antonio Carlos
Published: September 2020

The natural parasitic behavior of parasitoids should be known by those in charge of planning strategies for the biological control of pests; therefore, the aim of the present study was to determine the larval instar of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner parasitized by Microcharops anticarsiae Gupta in the field and the implication of such parasitic behavior in the sex ratio in the laboratory environment. The length of each larval instar of A. gemmatalis parasitized by M. anticarsiae in the field was determined, and the egg-to-pupa period of the parasitoid and its larval instar lengths were plotted in Gantt charts. According to the chart, A. gemmatalis was parasitized at the first (15%) and second (85%) larval instars in the field, but the length of the first, second and third larval instars of this species was not affected by the parasitism by M. anticarsiae in the field; however, its fourth larval instar was extended and the fifth one was shortened in 2015 but not affected in 2016. The sex ratio of A. gemmatalis larvae parasitized by M. anticarsiae in the field was female-biased, and the sex ratio of early parasitized larvae (3-day old) in the laboratory environment was also female-biased for three cultivated generations. The ‘generation’ factor has affected the egg-to-pupa, pupal and egg-to-adult periods of M. anticarsiae, since females pupated earlier than males in the egg-to-pupa period. Based on the results, M. anticarsiae mostly parasitized the second larval instar of A. gemmatalis in the field, and parasitism in 3-day old larvae in the laboratory environment produced female-biased sex ratio in M. anticarsiae, regardless of the generation.
Induction, biochemical trait and phytochemical screening of calluses of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Smith
Authors: Vascocelos Jéssica Nascimento Costa , Brito Alone Lima , Lima Andressa Priscila Pianco Santos , Almeida Jackson Roberto Guedes da Silva , Oliveira Ana Paula de , Soares Taliane Leila , Santana José Raniere Ferreira de
Published: September 2020

Amburana cearensis is an arboreal legume of the Fabaceae family, with high phytotherapic and medicinal potential due the presence of secondary metabolites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 4-amino-2,5,6- trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid (picloram) on the in vitro induction of callogenesis of A. cearensis and analyze the biochemical and phytochemical potential of these calluses. For callus induction, leaf and cotyledon segments were used as explants, which were inoculated in woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 5, 10, 20, 40 μM) or picloram (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μM). The callus growth curve was estimated based on fresh weight, measured at 7-day intervals until 28 days after inoculation. The calluses were analyzed by biochemical tests to quantify the reducing sugars and total proteins. Phytochemical screening and high-performance liquid chromatography were performed to establish the phytochemical profile of extracts from calluses. The concentrations of 21.94 μM and 26.46 μM of 2,4-D induced the greatest formation of compact and friable calluses from the leaf and cotyledon segments, respectively. The growth curve had two distinct phases (lag and exponential) for both types of calluses evaluated. The maximum levels of reducing sugars and total proteins in the calluses from leaf and cotyledon segments were obtained on the day of inoculation and after 28 days of cultivation, respectively. The results of the phytochemical analysis identified the presence of coumarin in all the extracts evaluated, this secondary metabolite has high pharmacological potential.
The problem of non-equivalent medical vocabulary from German into Russian on the material of medical texts
Authors: Notina Elena Aleksandrovna , Maevskiy Vladimir Mikhailovich
Published: September 2020

The article is devoted to the problem of medical translation of non-equivalent terms from German into Russian. The purpose of the article is to identify the most frequent non-equivalent medical terms when translating into Russian in the most popular online medical journals in German. Research methods include a content analysis of the scientific literature on the research topic, classification of non-equivalent medical vocabulary and methods for its translation from German; frequency-functional analysis of medical terms in the German language. Research objectives include: content analysis of scientific linguistic literature on the topic of research; identification of the main features and methods of translation of medical texts; conducting an empirical study to identify the most frequent ones without equivalent lexical units in German texts of a medical orientation. The author of the article analyzes the historiography of the problem in Russian linguistics. The materials for empirical research were articles in 10 non-German medical popular scientific journals; the total volume of texts was 50 articles in German. The expected results of the study are obtaining new information about the frequency of medical German terms, the translation of which into Russian requires a descriptive translation.