bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Copper-to-Zinc Ratio as an Inflammatory Marker in Serum of Iraqi Patients with Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: S. Al-Hindawi Mohammed , M. Al-Gebori Abdulnasser , Hadi Munshed Alosami Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic rheumatic inflammatory disease affecting mainly the spine and sacroiliac joints. Since the copper-to-zinc ratio (Cu/Zn) indicates an inflammatory response, the change in ratio is expected to correlate with axSpA. This study compared levels of Cu/Zn in the serum of axSpA patients. Serum samples were obtained from 53 patients with axSpA divided according to biological treatment into cohorts A and B, and 28 healthy control as cohort C. Serum levels of Cu and Zn were determined first by a fully automated chemistry analyzer TC-Matrix Plus, then the ratio was obtained. The elevated serum Cu concentration means of cohort B (189.32 ± 13.808 µg/dL) compared to cohort A (168.85 ± 7.244 µg/dL) and cohort C (155.68 ± 3.707 µg/dL) with 0.029 p-values. Reduced Zn concentration means of cohort B (79.74 ± 4.344 µg/dL) compared to cohort A (91.26 ± 4.159 µg/dL) and cohort C (100.93 ± 6.161 µg/dL) with 0.031 p-values. The Cu/Zn mean of cohort B was (2.54 ± 0.25) compared to the Cu/Zn mean of cohort A (1.968 ± 0.125) and cohort C (1.679 ± 0.104) with 0.002 p-values. Due to the results suggesting that the differences between cohorts were associated with inflammatory responses since there was a similar change in ESR levels; however, the differences between cohorts A and B are due to the anti-inflammatory therapy (TNF inhibitor) that cohort A was treated with.

Keywords: Axial spondyloarthritis; copper-to-zinc ratio; copper; zinc; inflammation.
Cytogenetic, genomic and interactome evaluation in an unusual case of a patient with XX/XY chimerism, hermaphroditism and association with situs inversus totalis
Authors: Paz-y-Miño César , Luis García Juan , Hernández-Rivas Jesús María , Leone Paola E.
Published: July 2023

We present a scarce case in which three pathologies converge: XX/XY chimerism, hermaphroditism with ovotestis and situs inversus totalis. She is a patient of mixed ethnicity, with predominantly Amerindian markers, who underwent a conventional cytogenetic study, FISH and DNA study of peripheral blood (mesoderm) and buccal mucosa scraping (ectoderm), additionally X-rays, hormonal tests and biopsy of the right gonad. The patient presents hypogonadism, female hypoplastic external sexual organs, and Tanner sexual development 1-2. X-rays show situs inversus totalis. The data for female and male hormones are altered. The karyotype showed the presence of two cell populations, XX and XY, confirmed with FISH and a study of the positive SRY gene. The evaluation of the DNA by numerical Arrays verified the presence of chromosomes X and Y; in the same way, gains and losses of essential genes related to the patient's phenotype were evidenced. We performed an in silico evaluation of the interactome of proteins involved in the clinical manifestations that reflect the alterations of the corresponding genes, which allowed us to make a genotype-phenotype correlation. In conclusion, the studies with a complete clinical, laboratory and genetic panel allowed us to define its alterations.

Keywords: chimerism, 46, XX/46, XY, ovotestis, situs inversus totalis
Visiting Student Learning Opportunities (VSLO) Analysis and the Cost Differences for MD, DO, and IMG students: Viewpoint (Preprint)
Authors: Van Alfen Braden , Martini Olnita , Marroquin Nathaniel A. , Hatch Jonny , Runion Taylor M. , Mammino Jere J.
Published: July 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

The cost of applying to residency programs can be a large barrier for medical students in the match process. One major variable cost in the application process is the cost of away rotations, as these rotations have an inherent expense associated with travel and lodging in a new location. Away rotations allow a medical student to get involved with a program outside their home institution and are important for connecting with the residency programs a student has interest in. Visiting Student Learning Opportunities (“VSLO”) is a web application by the Association of American Medical Colleges which allows students to find and apply to away rotations. An analysis of VSLO shows 249 programs in the United States that are currently accepting applications, with 142 of these programs requiring no processing or tuition fees. Only 4 programs reflect a difference in fees between MD and DO students, yet 24 programs have higher fees for IMG (International Medical Graduate) when compared to MD and DO students. Tuition fees for IMGs can be as high as $4500 more than other students. Additionally, VSLO makes it more difficult for IMGs to know which programs are free. IMGs historically have a lower match rate into U.S. residencies when compared to students from schools within the U.S., and these additional fees accentuate the difficulty of matching. The difference in match rates for IMGs is more drastic in competitive specialties, such as Dermatology. The importance of networking during away rotations is heavily emphasized with these competitive specialties, and differences in price for away rotations may contribute to differences in match rates for IMGs.
Obstetric and fetal outcomes in hidradenitis suppurativa: the gap in knowledge (Preprint)
Authors: AlAbdulkareem Ahmad
Published: July 2023

UNSTRUCTURED

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic, inflammatory, and debilitating skin disorder that is relatively common, and primarily affects women of reproductive age. While literature examining its associations with pregnancy outcomes remains lacking, it appears likely HS negatively impacts both maternal and fetal health.
Gerontological aspects of healthy nutrition
Authors: Sidelkovskiy A. , Gasiyk O.
Published: July 2023

Balanced and rational nutrition is an integral part of the multifaceted concept of health and longevity. In the first half of life, the impact of irrational nutrition is usually compensated by the functional activity of all organs and systems that support the effective activity of the body, but over the years, and especially in people of the older age group, the reserve capacity of the gastrointestinal tract, endocrine, cardiovascular and metabolic systems have limited ability to provide the necessary balance of homeostasis. A lot of attention has always been paid to the issues of healthy nutrition and the formulation of individual diets in various borderline and pathological conditions, both in scientific works and in popular educational publications. The nutritional component in the field of a healthy lifestyle, especially after 60 years, is associated with important gerontological aspects of the body’s functioning in conditions of slowed self-renewal of tissues and altered metabolic processes. At the same time, the mechanisms of intensification of free radical reactions and oxidant stress become important, namely the response of cells to an increased level of reactive oxygen species and, as a result, an imbalance between the production and detoxification processes. Irregular nutrition leads to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism disorders, accelerates aging processes due to the transport of fatty acids from tissues to meet the body’s energy needs, increases the amount of catecholamines in the blood and changes hormonal homeostasis, provoking the premature development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and obesity. In recent decades, the Mediterranean diet, which consists of products of sea origin and various vegetables and fruits, has gained popularity. The advantage of the proposed diet is its ease of digestion, it is rich in trace elements and vitamins, and the content of fats and proteins is most balanced.
Metode Penilaian Kematangan Infrastruktur Informasi Geospasial Pemerintah Daerah di Indonesia Menggunakan Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) dan Geospatial Maturity Assessment Ordnance Survey (GMA OS)
Authors: Izza Asyfi'na Shofiyal , Diyono Diyono
Published: July 2023

Penilaian kematangan Infrastruktur Informasi Geospasial (IIG) dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas pengelolaan Informasi Geospasial (IG). Saat ini penilaian IIG pemerintah daerah di Indonesia masih pada penilaian performa IIG yang tertuang dalam Sistem Informasi Monitoring Simpul Jaringan IG Nasional (SIMOJANG) pada laman https://simojang.big.go.id/dashboard. Metode penilaian kematangan IIG penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengadopsi penilaian Capability Maturity Model Integration (CMMI) dan Geospatial Maturity Assessment Ordnance Survey (GMA OS). Perhitungan kematangan IIG dilakukan dengan mendefinisikan kriteria penilaian performa IIG dari SIMOJANG terhadap komponen penilaian CMMI dan GMA OS. Perhitungan kematangan diuji coba pada salah satu data daerah di Indonesia yang berasal dari perhitungan SIMOJANG dengan nilai performa sebesar 90,75%. Hasil penilaian CMMI dengan menggunakan 6 komponen memperoleh nilai total Process Area (PA) 16,893 dari total maksimal 18. Berdasarkan perhitungan, maka nilai kematangan IIG hasil menggunakan CMMI sebesar 93,85%. Sedangkan perhitungan kematangan GMA OS dengan 16 komponen, hasil tingkat kematangan kategori Sangat Matang sebesar 62,50% dan hasil Relatif Matang sebesar 37,50%, apabila nilai tersebut diberikan bobot masing-masing 1,0 dan 0,5 maka diperoleh nilai kematangan IIG GMA OS sebesar 81,25%.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Padlet pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris: Sebuah Studi Komparatif
Authors: Permatasari Alfelia Nugky , Retnawati Heri , Djidu Hasan
Published: July 2023

The existence of information and communication technology, especially the internet, offers great opportunities for language teachers and learners to maximize their learning experience. The role of the internet is increasingly significant as a solution to the limited class activities that are usually carried out to realize collaborative learning during the pandemic. In fact, this learning practice is considered to be able to improve student learning performance. One of the media that can be used by utilizing the internet in collaborative learning practices is Padlet. This comparative study on two different English courses, English Grammar for Corporate Documents (EGCD) and General Reading, aims to prove whether Padlet can help English learners improve their learning performance. The score of 60 students of the Applied English Undergraduate Study Program in both courses before and after using the Padlet during the learning process was used as data. After testing the normality and homogeneity of the data, the MANOVA test was used to test the research hypothesis. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 26) and then interpreted and used to draw conclusions. The results showed that there was a positive influence given by Padlet use on the language learning process seen from the average value of the learners in both courses. However, a significant effect is only shown by the EGCD course.
Semiotic Analysis of Kokuji Formation
Authors: Joshua Stanislaus , Dirgandini Melinda
Published: July 2023

Han characters (kanji) used in written Japanese come from China, but there are characters created separately in Japan called kokuji. This research aims to investigate the formation of kokuji according to Peirce’s semiotics and rikusho (traditional classification of Chinese characters) by Xu Shen, and one additional proposed Chinese character category—namely, the kaii-keisei class. The method used in this study is library research. Of the 87 data samples taken from Reiman (1983), shoukei characters made 0% of the total amount, shiji 2.3%, kaii 71.3%, kaii-keisei 4.6%, keisei 19.5%, kasha 2.3%, and tenchuu characters 1%. Analysis results show that the formation of kokuji follows the principles of rikusho. From a semiotic point of view, objects represented by kokuji determine their sign-vehicles. Sign-vehicles are kanji or its components with perceived relations to the object. Sign-vehicles are chosen to form a kokuji based on their ability to represent the object.
Language Learning Strategy Use across Gender
Authors: Wahyuni Sri
Published: July 2023

This study examines the effects of gender on Indonesian EFL tertiary students’ use of learning strategies for speaking skills. It addresses what learning strategies the students use, what strategy and strategy group they favour, and whether gender significantly affects the strategy use. This paper reports the quantitative part of a larger mixed method study which draws on questionnaire (N= 65) obtained at Gajayana University of Malang. The study demonstrates that the students used a wide range of strategies that spread over six strategy groups. Male students favoured the strategy ‘finding out about language learning’ and the strategy group of ‘compensation’. Female students favoured the strategy ‘paying attention’ and the strategy group of ‘metacognitive’. The study also shows that gender significantly affected the use of ‘affective’ strategies only. The paper concludes by discussing implications for theory and practice.
Study the Effects of Machining Parameters on Surface Roughness for Free Form Surface Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Ghazi Safaa K. , Abdulrazaq Mustafa M. , Sultan Abdulrahman S. , Muhi Firyal S.
Published: July 2023

The surface finish of the machining part is the mostly important characteristics of products quality and its indispensable customers’ requirement. Taguchi robust parameters designs for optimizing for surface finish in turning of 7025 AL-Alloy using carbide cutting tool has been utilized in this paper. Three machining variables namely; the machining speeds (1600, 1900, and 2200) rpm, depth of cut (0.25, 0.50, 0.75) mm and the feed rates (0.12, 0.18, 0.24) mm/min utilized in the experiments. The other variables were considered as constants. The mean surface finish was utilized as a measuring of surface quality. The results clarified that increasing the speeds reduce the surface roughness, while it rises with increasing the depths and feeds. Using the analysis of variance, it found that the most effective variable is cutting speed with (53.85%) and the depths has the smallest influence with (20.09%). The data set from the experiments was appointed for implementing the optimum procedure, depending on the principle of Taguchi way. The result of calculation with the experimental outcome was in good agreement.
The Influence of ProcessVariables for MillingSculptured Surfaces on Surface Roughness
Authors: Abdulrazaq Mustafa Mohammed
Published: July 2023

Increasing the variety of products that are being designed with sculptured surfaces, efficient machining of these surfaces has become more important in many manufacturing industries. The objective of the present work is the investigation of milling parameters for the sculptured surfacesthat effecting of surface roughness during machining of Al-alloy. The machining operation implemented on C-TEK CNC milling machine. The influence of the selected variables on the chosen characteristics have been accomplished using Taguchi design approach, also ANOVA had been utilized to evaluate the contributionsof each parameter on process outcomes. Three strategies of tool path (Zig, Zig-Zagand follow periphery), and three levels of spindle speeds (1700, 2200 and 2700 rpm), with three feed rates (200, 400 and 600mm/min).The results showed that low surface roughness valuesproducedwith the zig-zag strategy, higher speeds(2700)rpm and lower feed rates (200) mm/min. The analysis of variance approach ANOVA showed that thestrategy oftool paths was the most affecting variables onsurface roughness with percentage of contribution of (42.25 %).
Improving Reverse Engineering Processes by using Articulated Arm Coordinate Measuring Machine
Authors: Mahmood Dhuha Mohammed , Mahmood Ahmed Zaidan
Published: July 2023

The invention relates to a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) for determining a measuring position of a probe. The AACMM isdepends on the robotkinematics (forward and reverse) in their measurementprinciple, i.e., using the AACMM links and joint angles todetermine the exact workspace or part coordinates. Hence, themeasurements are obtained using an AACMM will be extremely accurate and precise since that ismerely dependent on rigid structural parameters and the only source of measurement error is due to human operators. In this paper, a new AACMM design was proposed. The new AACMM design addresses common issues such as solving the complex kinematics, overcoming the workspace limitation, avoiding singularity, and eliminating the effects of design error by designing a new and compatible AACMM that will incorporate all affective design factors into consideration. Different types of design factors and limitations, which significantly affect the AACMM production fabrication processes, and ultimately.accuracy are given. Cost and time factors effects on the design and manufacturing are found to be the most significant. Two primary manufacturing techniques were used, both of which relied on rigors CAD/CAM iterations resulting in an entirely usable G-Code.Those methods are CNC and 3D printing, the most widely used methods in any industry. Nevertheless, accuracy and ergonomics factors must be considered for precise measurements. The design was validated through various methods, such as the use of finite element measurement techniques, to make sure that the design was structurally correct
DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING TABLET OF AMBRISENTAN USING DESIGN EXPERT SOFTWARE
Authors: MANKAR S. D. , SATPUTE AJAY , SIDDHESHWAR S. S. , BHAWAR S. B. , DIGHE S. B.
Published: July 2023

Objective: The rationale of the current work is to design, develop and optimize of mouth dissolving tablet of ambrisentan to treat hypertension.
Methods: Sodium starch glycolate and crospovidone were used as the super disintegrants in the direct compression method to create nine ambrisentan mouth-dissolving tablet formulations. Wetting time, drug content, in vitro disintegration time, dispersion time, and dissolution time were all assessed for the produced formulations.
Results: Based on the results obtained, formulation F6 containing 30 mg of crospovidone exhibited good wetting time, dispersion time, disintegration time and drug release. The hardness of formulations AS1 to AS9 was found to be in the range of 2.5 to 3.11 Kg/cm2. The friability of formulations AS1 to AS9 was found to be less than 1%. A water absorption ratio was performed for ensuring the moisture sorption and water uptake properties of super disintegrants. The in vitro drug release of formulation AS6 containing a concentration of Crospovidone 30 mg, shows 91.30% drug release respectively at the end of 12 min.
Conclusion: The mouth-dissolving tablets of ambrisentan were successfully designed, developed, and fabricated. It can be reasonably concluded that the AS6 batch of mouth-dissolving tablets of ambrisentan with 30 mg of crospovidone exhibited maximum cumulative drug release in 12 min.
DESIGN, PREPARATION, AND IN SILICO STUDY OF NOVEL CURCUMIN-BIPHENYL CARBONITRILE CONJUGATE AS NOVEL ANTICANCER DRUG MOLECULES
Authors: KRISHNAMURTHY GEETA , DEEPTI ROY LAIRIKYENGBAM , KUMAR JYOTSNA , GOUR POOJA , ARLAND SHIVANJALI ESTHER , REHMAN NAVEED , GR SRINIVASA , MT SRINIVAS
Published: July 2023

Objective: To design and synthesize the novel curcumin derivatives of curcumin-biphenyl carbonitrile conjugate to study their ADMET, drug-like behaviour and cytotoxicity on PANC1 cell lines.
Methods: Binding affinity of designed novel Curcumin analogues were assessed by molecular docking against the target protein (KRAS). Structures of lately synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral analysis. ADMET (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) drug-likenesses behaviour prediction of synthesized curcumin analogues was done by computational analysis. The stability of the synthesized curcumin analogues was carried out by force degradation method as per ICH guidelines. In vitro cytotoxic assessment of these novel compounds on PANC 1 cancer cell lines was assessed by MTT assay.
Results: Three hit molecules were identified, which had the best binding affinity against the target protein KRAS having a docking score of -7.21 for CD2,-7.05 for CD3, and-6.80 for CD1. Most of the Pharmacokinetic (ADME) parameters are found to be quite agreeable and in the satisfactory range. 1H-NMR, FTIR and Mass spectrographic methods confirmed the structures. All three synthesized novel curcumin analogues were stable for a period of three months. Results of anti-proliferative activities indicated their cogent anticancer activity against PANC 1 cell line (IC50 = 67.51 μM@CD1, 45.27 μM @CD2 and 168.60 µg/ml @CD3).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that curcumin-biphenylcarbonitrile conjugate could be used as a plausible pharmacophore for targeting KRAS protein and will be supportive to explore the new series of cogent curcumin derivatives as anticancer agents.
NANOGOLD AS A COMPONENT OF ACTIVE DRUGS AND DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS
Authors: BURSY DAWID , STAS MONIKA , MILINSKI MACIEJ , BIERNAT PAWEŁ , BALWIERZ RADOSŁAW
Published: July 2023

Nanotechnology is a fast-growing field of science that dates back to the late 1950s. Nanoparticles can be divided into organic, inorganic, and carbon-based. An example of inorganic nanoparticles, in which relatively high hopes for the development of both pharmacy and medicine are placed, are gold nanoparticles. They possess beneficial properties, such as small size (ranging from several to several hundred nanometers), a large specific surface area to volume, and characteristic optical properties, as well they are relatively easy to synthesize with the ability to control the parameters of the final product to obtain desired sizes and shapes. Moreover, they exhibit high biocompatibility and low toxicity, which is especially important when administered internally (per os, i. v.). Several methods for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been described in the literature, including chemical, physical, and biological methods. Microorganisms such as fungi, plants, and algae are used to produce gold nanoparticles. Due to their particle size and ability to penetrate cell membranes, gold nanoparticles are being considered as drug carriers. Many attempts have been made to attach gold nanoparticles to drugs, focusing mainly on antimicrobial and anticancer drugs. Treatment with these drugs in combination with nanoparticles is more effective than applying free drugs without the carrier. AuNPs have also been used with great success in the photothermal therapy of cancer. Additionally, work is underway to use them in diagnostics to prepare flow assays, increasing the sensitivity and specificity of the tests. Due to a large amount of scientific data on nanogold, this review focuses on presenting methods for obtaining gold nanoparticles and approximating their applications in areas of medical science.
NANOTECHNOLOGY APPROACH-SELF NANOEMULSIFYING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM (SNEDDS)
Authors: ANNISA RAHMI , MUTIAH ROIHATUL , YUWONO MOCHAMMAD , HENDRADI ESTI
Published: July 2023

This review article aims to develop nanotechnology in novel drug delivery systems using self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS).
This Article was selected using a database with Prism Guideline diagrams. A total of 18 articles obtained from 2010-2020 were used as the primary reference to be analyzed using a systematic review method in the form of meta-synthesis.
This review describes the mechanism of SNEDDS in increasing absorption, the components of the SNEDDS formula, the characterization of self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS), the effect of the physicochemical properties of SNEDDS on in vivo activity, and the basis for selecting compounds in the SNEDDS formulation. Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System (SNEDDS) is a novel drug delivery system from nanoemulsion used to increase the solubility of lipophilic drugs. SNEDDS is an isotropic mixture consisting of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant. SNEDDS is considered pre-concentrated nanoemulsions or anhydrous forms of nanoemulsions. In SNEDDS, the formation of nanoemulsions occurs when self-nanoemulsions come into contact with gastrointestinal fluids in the presence of light stirring in the peristaltic motion of the gastrointestinal tract. In general, SNEDDS have small particle sizes in the range of 10-200 nm. The application of the self nanoemulsion development system can be used for BCS Class II lipophilic drug compounds and BCS Class IV drugs. SNEDDS is a novel drug delivery system that can be used for oral drug delivery. In occlusion, a self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is a new approach for the formulation of drug molecules with poor water solubility. Self Nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) is an isotropic mixture of oil, surfactant, and co-surfactant.
APPLICATION OF PLACKETT-BURMAN AND BOX-BEHNKEN DESIGNS FOR SCREENING AND OPTIMIZATION OF ROTIGOTINE HCL AND RASAGILINE MESYLATE TRANSFERSOMES: A STATISTICAL APPROACH
Authors: PATEL SHIVANI , JHA LALIT LATA
Published: July 2023

Objective: The objective of this study was to optimize the transferosomal formulation containing Rotigotine HCL(RTG) and Rasagiline mesylate (RSM) and to identify the significant factors affecting particle size and entrapment efficiency.
Methods: The optimized batch was characterized using various techniques, such as TEM to confirm the shape of vesicles and FTIR analysis to check the compatibility of the formulation. The vesicle size of the transferosomes was determined using a zeta sizer. The entrapment efficiency of both drugs was also determined. In vitro drug permeation investigation was carried out from the optimized batch to determine the cumulative permeation rate after 24 h. The study also evaluated the deformability index of the transferosomes.
Results: The results showed that transferosomes were spherical particles with a uniform distribution and suitable for drug delivery. The vesicle size of the transferosomes was in the range of 54.05-167.98 nm and 66.02-184.04 nm for RTG and RSM transferosomes, respectively. The polydispersity index for RTG transferosomes was observed in the range of 0.242-0.508, the entrapment efficiency of RTG was 45.66-88.96% and RSM was found to be 57.6-92.57%. The in vitro drug permeation investigation from the optimized batch showed a cumulative permeation rate of 92.268% of RTG and 87.72% of RSM after 24 h.
Conclusion: The study findings suggest that transferosomes can be a promising drug delivery system for rotigotine HCL and rasagiline mesylate. The optimized batch showed high entrapment efficiency, good permeation rate, and optimal deformability, making it a suitable option for drug delivery.
A REVIEW ON NANOPARTICLES OF MORINGA OLEIFERA EXTRACT: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ACTIVITY
Authors: MUHAIMIN MUHAIMIN , CHAERUNISAA ANIS YOHANA , ROSTINAWATI TINA , AMALIA ERI , HAZRINA AGHNIA , NURHASANAH SITI
Published: July 2023

Nanoparticles have revolutionized biomedicine, especially in the field of drug delivery due to their intriguing properties such as systemic stability, level of solubility, and target site specificity. It can, however, be both beneficial and damaging depending on the properties in different environments, thus highlighting the importance of nanotoxicology studies before use in humans. Green nanotechnology has drawn major attention because of its ecofriendly and economical biosynthetic protocols. Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) using plant secondary metabolites is considered as a safer and cheaper option. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have a great role in many scientific fields such as medicine, physics, mechanics, pharmaceutics, and other. Plants contain phytochemicals that has been used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases, and proved to be nontoxic to healthy tissues. These phytochemicals play an important role in bio-reduction processes as reducing and stabilizing agents and renders NPs selective toxicity towards diseased tissues. This review focuses on the synthesis of certain metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (M/MO NPs) using an extract of Moringa oleifera plant. Moringa oleifera is an example of a tree with significant nutritional and therapeutic benefits. It is abundant in macronutrients, micronutrients, and other bioactive components that are essential for optimal bodily function and disease prevention. These components produce smaller particles and give a compelling impact on the activities of M/MO nanoparticles. This review paper is an attempt to compile up various research as well as reports related to nanoparticles such as FeO, CuO, ZnO, NiO, MgO, Ag, and Au.
UNVEILING THE ANTICANCER EFFECT OF SYRINGIC ACID AND ITS DERIVATIVES IN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Authors: M. LAVANYA , SRINIVASAN PERUMAL , PADMINI RAMAKRISHNAN
Published: July 2023

Objective: Traditionally, syringic acid has been used as a medicine for a wide range of ailments. The current study aims to look at its potential therapeutic benefits against experimentally generated hepatocellular carcinoma in wistar rats, and in order to better understand how syringic acid interacts with apoptosis proteins in hepatocellular carcinoma, the molecular docking has been performed by using argus lab 4.0.1 software.
Methods: The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) targets such as P53, BAX, Bcl-2, capase 3 and 9, Cytochrome-C, TNFα, NFκB, and TRAF1 were docked with syringic acid. The syringic acid derivatives such as acetosyringone, syringaldehyde, syringol, sinapinic acid, sinapyl alcohol, sinapaldehyde, sinapine, and canolol were docked with caspase3. Thirty male wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups. The control group was given normal saline. Group 2 obtained a single oral dose of diethylnitrosamine (DEN) (200 mg/kg) body weight. Groups 3, 4, and 5 received diethylnitrosamine (DEN), and furthermore daily administration of syringic acid orally at 25 mg/kg for 14 w. Serum samples were used for the determination of liver marker levels. Liver tissue samples were used for histopathological determination, apoptotic and anti-apoptotic protein expression.
Results: The syringic acid and its derivatives exhibited excellent energy values and satisfied the drug-likeness property of Lipinski’s rule of five. Syringic acid significantly reduced the serum liver marker levels, and in contrast, it increased the expression of apoptotic proteins in the diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced treated group.
Conclusion: It has been demonstrated that syringic acid had a protective effect against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in Wistar rats, and a docking study exhibited that it has good anticancer activity.
TASTE MASKED CLOPERASTINE HYDROCHLORIDE AND RUPATADINE ORAL DISPERSIBLE TABLETS: FORMULATION DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT, CHARACTERIZATION AND PHARMACOKINETICS STUDY ON WISTAR RATS
Authors: ELHABAL SAMMAR FATHY , TEAIMA MAHMOUD H. , ALI YASMIN SHAWQI , EL-NABARAWI MOHAMED A. , ABDELMONEM REHAB , ELFAR NEHAL
Published: July 2023

Objective: The main objective of our study was formulating oral dispersible tablets (ODTs) of taste masked cloperastine HCl and rupatadine fumarate by using the lyophilization technique that also enhanced the dissolution of poor solubility of these active substances.
Methods: Taking 3 super disintegrants as variables using the Minitab® 18 factorial design method, 27 formulae of ODTs were obtained. The powdered mixtures before direct compression were characterized using Carr’s index, Hausner’s ratio, and angle of repose. The best-powdered formulae were elected to be prepared as ODTs by direct compression to undergo characterization tests such as wetting time, in vitro disintegration test, and in vivo taste masking. According to the Quality by Design QbD approach; the best formula of ODTs prepared by direct compression was elected to be optimized by the lyophilization technique. Incorporating Eudragit E PO®has a major role in the taste masking of lyophilized ODTs. A comparative in vivo pharmacokinetic study of market products of two active substances was carried out for the conventional ODTs, lyophilized tablets, and market products using wistar rats by oral administration of (0.75 mg/ml) for each active substance.
Results: The bitter taste was apparently masked in the lyophilized ODTs assessed by in vivo taste masking. The highest Cmax of cloperastine HCl was found at 17.25 mcg/ml in the group of Lyophilized ODTs. Furthermore; the highest Cmax of rupatadine was found at 78.88 mcg/ml in the same group.
Conclusion: Lyophilized tablets owned the best bioavailability for both active substances with the highest Cmax compared to market products and ODTs prepared by direct compression.
ELECTROSPUN NANOFIBROUS WOUND DRESSINGS: A REVIEW ON CHITOSAN COMPOSITE NANOFIBERS AS POTENTIAL WOUND DRESSINGS
Authors: MANASA MUDUNDI TEJO , RAMANAMURTHY KOLAPALLI VENKATA , BHUPATHI P. ARUN
Published: July 2023

Advancements in topical wound dressings led to the development of products to protect the wound and facilitate addressing special issues in healing and non-healing wounds. Rapidly growing interest in nanofiber research is leading to the development of potential candidates for wound dressing applications. Electrospinning nanofibers have been considered one of the effective materials in the development of scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. Nanofibers mimic the extracellular matrix with their structural similarities, high surface area, and porosity, thereby enabling the effective delivery of antimicrobial agents in the wound milieu. Chitosan, an excellent biopolymer, is offering versatile applications as electrospun nanofibers due to the presence of its inherent properties like nontoxicity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial nature, as well as its efficiency towards re‐epithelialization and regeneration of the granular layer of the wounds. The current review discusses the design and strategies used in the development of electrospun chitosan nanofibers, as well as the limitations of these strategies. This article provides the most recent information on the fabrication of chitosan composite nanofibrous materials and their applications for wound healing.
IN VITRO RELEASE AND PREDICTED IN VIVO BEHAVIOR OF METRONIDAZOLE VAGINAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: MEDINA-LOPEZ JOSE RAUL , MENDEZ HERNANDEZ HEDWYN RODOLFO , RUIZ-SEGURA JUAN CARLOS , HURTADO MARCELA
Published: July 2023

Objective: To document the in vitro release and to predict the in vivo behavior of metronidazole ovules (reference and generic formulations) using USP Apparatus 1 and 4. Prediction of metronidazole plasma concentrations was proposed with the Inverse Release Function approach. The information generated can be considered for the development of new metronidazole vaginal drug products.
Methods: Dissolution profiles were obtained using USP Apparatus 1 at 100 rpm and 900 ml of pH 4.5 acetate buffer. Additionally, USP Apparatus 4 at 16 ml/min was used. Drug was quantified at 278 nm every 10 min until 60 min. Mean dissolution time (MDT) and dissolution efficiency (DE) were calculated. Mathematical models such as Korsmeyer-Peppas, Makoid-Banakar, Peppas-Sahlin, Logistic and Weibull were used to fit in vitro data. Percent of prediction error (%PE) for Cmax and AUC0-inf were calculated.
Results: Metronidazole ovules of reference formulation released<2% at 60 min in both dissolution methods. Generic formulation released>85%. Values of DE and MDT using USP Apparatus 1 and 4 were 40.40%, 31.94 min, 70.91% and 15.44 min, respectively. In vitro release of generic drug product was better described by Weibull function. %PE for Cmax and AUC0-inf were <15%.
Conclusion: Due to limited drug release of reference formulation it was not possible to know the in vitro behavior of this drug product. Generic formulation showed a better in vitro performance by being able to characterize the main dissolution parameters DE and MDT and a release kinetics well defined by a mathematical equation.
ACECLOFENAC LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES: OPTIMIZATION, IN VITRO AND EX-VIVO EVALUATION
Authors: GULATI PALAK , DEWANGAN HITESH KUMAR
Published: July 2023

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis is treated with aceclofenac as the first line of treatment. Aceclofenac is a BCS-II drug, when taken orally, causes first-pass metabolism and is partially water-insoluble causing some gastrointestinal (GI) issues. Objective of the work was preparation and evaluation of solid lipid nanoparticle for rheumatoid arthritis and increases the drug permeability and further possibility to decreasing the irritation.
Methods: Different formulations batches were prepared by soya lecithin, tween 20, bees wax and cetyl alcohol lipid using lipid extrusion method. Further, the selected batch proceeded for Particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, in vitro release, Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction studies (XRD), and ex-vivo study in goat skin.
Results: As a result, selected batch have nanometric in size, 72.44% entrapment efficiency, and sustained drug released (71.33%) in 6 h. The Fourier transformed-infrared studies (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) study confirm the compatibility of the drug with excipients. Ex-vivo permeation study showed 74.85% in drug permeate in 6 h through goat skin.
Conclusion: Research demonstrates that particle size and entrapment effectiveness are significantly influenced by the level of lipid and lecithin present. Additionally, it is suitable for the treatment of arthritis.
IN SILICO STUDY OF SOME FLAVONOID COMPOUNDS AGAINST ACE-2 RECEPTORS AS ANTI-COVID-19
Authors: MUSFIROH IDA , SIGALINGGING OKTAVIA SABETTA , SUHANDI CECEP , KHAIRUL IKRAM NUR KUSAIRA , MEGANTARA SANDRA , MUCHTARIDI MUCHTARIDI
Published: July 2023

Objective: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a global concern today. As a receptor that plays an important role in viral entry, inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) activity could prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Quercetin is one of the flavonoid compounds reported to have activity as an ACE-2 inhibitor via interaction with the hydroxyl group at ring B positions 3' and 4'. The aims of this research to analyze the binding interaction of some flavonoid compounds into ACE-2 receptor to predict their activity as an anticovid-19.
Methods: An in silico approach via molecular docking simulations was conducted, and the selection of potential compounds was based on Lipinski's rules, prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and toxicity (ADMET).
Results: The results showed that nepetin was the most potent compound, with a bond energy of-4.71 kcal/mol and an inhibition constant of 355.62 µM. The compound is bound to amino acid residues Asp30, His34, Glu35, and Thr27, which are important amino acid residues of the ACE-2 receptor.
Conclusion: The nepetin compound complies with all Lipinski rules and has a better ADMET profile compared to other compounds.
IMPROVEMENT OF SIMVASTATIN SOLUBILITY USING HPMCAS, LOCUST BEAN GUM, SODIUM ALGINATE AND TPGS AS A POLYMER WITH SOLID DISPERSION METHOD
Authors: SOPYAN IYAN , KAMILAH ZIRLY YUSRIANI , MEGANTARA SANDRA , SRIWIDODO
Published: July 2023

Objective: Simvastatin (SV) is a cholesterol-lowering drug that classified in BCS (Biopharmaceutics Classification System) Class II class with high permeability but low solubility value. This study aims to obtain a solid dispersion formula that can increase the solubility of Simvastatin. HPMCAS, Locust Bean Gum, Sodium Alginate, and TPGS are four candidate polymers that will be selected by in silico study to make a solid dispersion formula.
Methods: The solid dispersion was prepared with two polymers, Locust Bean Gum (LBG), which has no hydrogen bonds with Simvastatin, and Sodium Alginate (SA), which has hydrogen bonds with Simvastatin, made by the ratio of mass 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4. Materials were evaluated by solubility and dissolution studies, then characterized using FTIR, DSC, and PXRD.
Results: Each drug-polymer ratio showed an increase in solubility and dissolution, but the SV-LBG formula (1:4) showed the largest increase, with a 4 folded increase in solubility and a roughly 2 folded increase in dissolution. The characterisation FTIR data demonstrate that the drug molecules are disseminated inside the polymer, and the PXRD diffractogram demonstrated a deacrease in crystallinity to the amorphous phase, and the DSC thermogram also demonstrated changes in thermal behavior.
Conclusion: Solid dispersion is a promising method for increasing the solubility of simvastatin. The use of locust bean gum polymer was proven to increase the solubility and dissolution of simvastatin with the best formula SV-LBG (1:4).
Physical Activity and Self-Efficacy on Exercise among Elderly Retired Philippine Army: Basis for Policy-making on Physical Activity Program
Authors: Dahonan-Cuyacot Joanne B. , C. Hussin Marites , A. Cordova Nelson
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to investigate the physical activity and the level of self-efficacy in relation to exercise among the retired Philippine Army based in the province of Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines during the months of May and June 2023. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was utilized in the study. Data were gathered from 19 retired Philippine Army personnel during the Armed Forces Veteran Association- Zamboanga del Norte’s monthly meeting. Frequency count, weighted mean and Pearson Correlation was used to analyze the collected data. The study found out that there was no significant relationship between physical activity on age, gender and length of service. It was also noted that there was a positive correlation between the variables age, gender and length of service this suggests that if there were changes in the variable physical activity, all other variables would change on the same direction. Moreover, Results showed that age and gender had a significant relationship as well as age and self-efficacy as both relationships showed a positive correlation. However, length of service and self-efficacy does not show significant relationship because of its negative correlation. Furthermore, results show no significant relationship between physical activity and the level of self-efficacy among Armed Forces veterans in Zamboanga del Norte. The results revealed a positive correlation which indicates that when the variable self-efficacy changes, the variable physical activity also changes on the same direction.
Energy Monitoring Device using Arduino
Authors: K M Girisha , M V Shamitha , G D Shimsha , R Thanushree
Published: July 2023

Abstract: As the world is developing at a rate of speed of light, this development is causing more and more usage of energy. This need of energy will only increase in future as the population is growing too. This will need a backbone to support and that is the tracking of consumption of energy and management. So, we thought of creating a system to keep the track of every load or home appliance in the place. This system will be the advanced version of other metering system, consisting of Arduino, Relay and Current Sensor. The methodology followed to analyze the data of energy consumption is all based on studying the switching patterns of load using IoT. By this way we can bring down the human efforts of stealing the energy for personal uses. It can also be used for efficient use of the energy produced from renewable sources. As a result, we will be getting a meter that can keep track of power consumption of our household as well as any place like offices, malls, etc.
Investigating the Effects of Different Garbage Enzyme Dilutions on Domestic Wastewater Treatment
Authors: K Srujan , K Raju , Seshikala Dr. D.
Published: July 2023

Abstract: Rapid population growth has led to increased domestic wastewater generation, requiring sustainable methods like garbage enzyme (GE). This study aims to investigate the effects of different dilutions of garbage Enzyme on domestic wastewater, aiming to maximize efficiency and promote wider application in wastewater treatment plants. The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of garbage enzyme in treating domestic wastewater using different concentrations of GE. The crucial water quality parameters like pH, TDS, TSS, TDS, P, SO4, NH3N, BOD, and COD were tested to see the efficacy of GE in reducing them. In conclusion, the study found that garbage-enzyme can effectively treat domestic wastewater using different concentrations of GE. Further research is needed to determine the optimal GE concentrations and treatments for achieving the desired results.
An Overview of the Transition Process of Specialized Subjects Curriculum in Vocational High Schools
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Ji-Young
Published: July 2023

Objectives The study outlined the change process focusing on the curriculum organization, operation system, and organizational characteristics of how Korea's vocational high school specialized subjects curriculum has changed from the first curriculum to the 2022 revised curriculum.
Methods In order to achieve the purpose of this study, literature research was conducted by collecting the original text of the high school curriculum mounted in the National Curriculum Information Center. The change process was analyzed by studying the criteria for organizing and operating vocational high school curriculum, organizing specialized subjects, and time allocation criteria presented in the curriculum documents for each period.
Results First, It was confirmed that vocational high schools have consistently presented standards for organizing and operating curricula centered on specialized subjects in consideration of changes in the industrial structure and the vocational world. Second, it was confirmed that the specialized curriculum system has been reorganized in consideration of industrial demand and manpower training types, vocational high school students' employment capabilities, and career development. Third, It has been confirmed that the efficiency of time planning has been improved by setting the time allocation standard for specialized subjects and presenting the completion time in consideration of the actual conditions of community and vocational high schools.
Conclusions First, in order to implement an optimized student-tailored curriculum in consideration of career changes of vocational high school students, it is necessary to further flex the curriculum organization and operation standards in terms of education for lifelong job preparation. Second, it is necessary to systematically restructure specialized subjects by comprehensively considering the types of manpower training, characteristics of vocational high schools, students' career and development levels, and learning hierarchy of specialized subjects according to job changes in the new industrial technology and professional world. As the curriculum completion criteria are converted from units to credits through the operation of the vocational high school credit system, it is necessary to closely review the time distribution criteria and completion time of specialized subjects.
Some aspects of testing cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. in conditions of the Astrakhan region
Authors: Myagkova Elena G.
Published: July 2023

Cotton is a valuable crop for the Russian economy. Creation of the initial material for breeding work, as well as the introduction into production of high-yielding cotton varieties adapted to growing conditions are the main tasks set for Russian breeders. The study of agronomic traits of cotton varieties was carried out at Precaspian Agrarian Federal Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the north of the Astrakhan region, in 2017-2019. The research was performed in order to identify productivity potential, as well as to determine the adaptive capabilities to extreme climatic conditions of the Northern Caspian region. Cotton varieties were compared with the standard (AS-1). The results were processed according to methods of mathematical statistics. All varieties studied in the research had good indicators of agronomic traits. UZ-4 and Goliot varieties were characterized by the highest yield values - 3.0 and 2.6 t/ha, respectively.