bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing Different Measures of Bilingual Input Derived From Naturalistic Daylong Recordings
Authors: Ruan Yufang , Orena Adriel John , Polka Linda
Published: March 2023

Purpose:

Measuring language input, especially for infants growing up in bilingual environments, is challenging. Although the ways to measure input have expanded rapidly in recent years, there are many unresolved issues. In this study, we compared different measurement units and sampling methods used to estimate bilingual input in naturalistic daylong recordings.

Method:

We used the Language Environment Analysis system to obtain and process naturalistic daylong recordings from 21 French–English bilingual families with an infant at 10 and 18 months of age. We examined global and context-specific input estimates and their relation with infant vocal activeness (i.e., volubility) when input was indexed by different units (adult word counts, speech duration, 30-s segment counts) and using different sampling methods (every-other-segment, top-segment).

Results:

Input measures indexed by different units were strongly and positively correlated with each other and yielded similar results regarding their relation with infant volubility. As for sampling methods, sampling every other 30-s segment was representative of the entire corpus. However, sampling the top segments with the densest input was less representative and yielded different results regarding their relation with infant volubility.

Conclusions:

How well the input that a child receives throughout a day is portrayed by a selected sample and correlates with the child's vocal activeness depends on the choice of input units and sampling methods. Different input units appear to generate consistent results, while caution should be taken when choosing sampling methods.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.22335688
Applying neural networks to analyse the properties and structure of composite materials
Authors: Valishin A. , Beriachvili N.
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we show how a simple convolutional neural network (CNN) can be trained to predict homogenised elastic properties of a composite material based on its representative volume element (RVE). We consider both 2D and 3D composites featuring two components with fixed isotropic elastic properties. The dataset used to train the neural network is obtained in two stages. The first stage is the generation of random RVEs and computation of their homogenised elastic properties using finite element analysis (FEA) with periodic boundary conditions (PBC) applied to them, and the second stage is the application of a data augmentation scheme to that dataset obtained in the first stage. For the 2D and 3D cases, we present two neural networks and show that they are able to estimate the values of homogenised elastic properties fairly accurately. At the same time, we confirm that the data generation stage is computationally very expensive and is a major challenge for machine learning based techniques in computational mechanics. Indeed, it is expensive even for “low resolution” RVEs such as those considered in our work, i.e. squares (2D case) or cubes (3D case) uniformly subdivided into 8x8 (2D case) or 8x8x8 (3D case) domains. We discuss the flaws and drawbacks as well as the possible developments and uses of this approach in multiscale modeling of composite materials.
Design forming tooling for manufacturing parts from sheet blanks using digital technologies
Authors: Dolgova Tatiana , Durov Dmitry , Smolyaninov Andrey , Linkov Nickolay
Published: March 2023

The paper considers the possibilities of using modern information technologies to solve the problems of ensuring the quality, accuracy of tooling, reducing the time and labor intensity of manufacturing, improving its design processes through the use of an electronic model of a part and a technological electronic model of tooling in technological processes of shaping parts on equipment with numerical control.
Multi-row self-balancing device with regard to eccentricity and angular error
Authors: Mirsaidov M.M. , Sidikov M.N. , Turajonov K.M.
Published: March 2023

A model of a self-balancing deviceis proposed in the article;it is installed with an eccentricity relative to the axis of symmetry of the rotor, and the ball races have a certain horizontal axis of rotation, that is, the balancing masses have an additional degree of Based on differential equations of motion, the issue of the existence of stationary motions was investigated for various combinations of the installation of a balancing system, with regard to certain eccentricity and angular error, and the rotation of the ball races around the horizontal axis. The numerical solution of the differential equations of motion of the rotor with two balancing balls is obtained and the analysis of the obtained results is conducted.
Evaluation of the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in artemia at different stages of ontogenesis
Authors: Romanova Elena , Shlenkina Tatyana , Romanov Vasily , Lyubomirova Vaselina , Fazilov Elyor
Published: March 2023

The work is devoted to the study of the composition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) at artemia of different stages of ontogenesis. The content of PUFA in intact cysts and decapsulated artemia eggs was studied, and the content of PUFA after enrichment of cysts, decapsulated eggs, and artemia nauplia with a multicomponent complex of biologically active substances was also studied. The composition of the enriching complex included probiotics, adaptogens, vitamins, amino acids and hemp oil. The results of the research showed that the use of the enriching complex significantly increased the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids of the omega–3 and omega-6 families. The content of eicosapentaenoic, docosahexaenoic, linolenic fatty acids from Omega-3 family, and the content of linoleic and arachidonic acids from Omega-6 family increased to the greatest extent, primarily in nauplia, decapsulated eggs and artemia cysts, thereby significantly increasing their biological and nutritional value while using as starter feeds for fish.
Finding reserves of bearing capacity of bored piles
Authors: Ushakova Ekaterina
Published: March 2023

In recent years, due to population growth plans and accelerated economic development, high-rise buildings have become increasingly common in many cities and megapolises around the world. Due to the development of engineering construction, the type and technology of pile footing, which form the basis of such buildings, as well as the control of both single piles and a group of piles, have been significantly improved. At the same time, today the task of adequate assessment of the pile load capacity and justification of effective methods of revealing the reserves of its increase is actualized, because the manufacturing technology is constantly developing, in addition, often the functional purpose of the building itself, the type and intensity of the loads acting on it change. In view of the above, the purpose of the article is to investigate modern scientific- methodological approaches to search for reserves of bored pile load capacity. In order to carry out the study, the article used numerical methods for analyzing the stress-strain state of piles and means of the software package "Plaxis 3D Faundation". In the course of empirical experiments, it was found that the most acceptable results in the load testing of bored piles are given by the Shen method. Besides, the comparison of the results of static probing and static tests with theoretical calculations allowed to reveal the reserves of the actual pile load capacity, and also to determine on what parameters of its installation and characteristics the difference in load capacity depends more: the soil sciences in the pile base, pile diameter, pile length. Theoretical significance of the obtained results lies in the development of methodology for identifying reserves to increase the load capacity of bored piles. Conclusions have practical value that can be used in the process of laying the foundation of high-rise buildings to optimize the number and geometry of pile placement taking into account the reserve of their bearing capacity.
Traffic of multi-car trains in marshalling yards
Authors: Kornienko Konstantin , Kolarzh Sergey , Pokrovskaya Oksana , Drozdova Inga , Olgeizer Ivan
Published: March 2023

Developing rail transport is one of the world's greatest challenges. Rail transport reduces emissions and is the most energy efficient means of transport. An important element of the railways is a hump yard, where rolling stock is formed. The purpose of this article is to describe the mathematical apparatus for calculating the speed of a multiple unit train at a marshalling yard. As a calculation method, the articulated-axis model is used. In this model, the trailer is not seen as a material point, but as several physical bodies. Due to this model, it is possible to simulate multi-carriages moving along heterogeneous profile. It was found that for multi-car trailers the spread of the main co-protection will be lower than for single-car trailers. In addition, as a result of accounting for multi-car trains, the profile requirements are reduced when calculating marshalling yards. The results obtained can be used to design hump yards and automate existing hump yards.
Forecast of the development of demand for charging points for electric vehicles in Russian cities
Authors: Gorevaya Evgenia , Spiridonova Ekaterina
Published: March 2023

Road transport is one of the main consumers of fossil fuels in the world. At the same time, ICE vehicle emissions form about a quarter of all greenhouse gases in the world. In this regard, the transition to electric vehicles is extremely important. Their operation is more economical and environmentally friendly. The massive shift away from liquid-fuel vehicles will have a significant positive effect on a global scale. At the moment, more than 20 countries of the world have planned the transition to electric vehicles by 2030-2040. They are beginning to be introduced into various areas: personal and public transport, special-purpose vehicles, cargo transportation, etc. At the same time, there are barriers that need to be overcome for the widespread mass transition to electric cars. In particular, the choice of models is limited and their price is high. The technologies for the production and disposal of individual components, such as batteries, remain insufficiently developed. Electric networks are not always ready for additional load. The network of electric filling stations is not sufficiently developed. Russia also supports this global trend and faces restrictions. Various scenarios for the development of electric vehicles have been predicted. Measures of state support for both consumers and manufacturers of electric vehicles are indicated, which are aimed at achieving the indicators of a balanced or accelerated scenario for this market.
Algorithm trading and its application in stock broking services
Authors: Vedapradha R. , Hariharan R. , Winster Praveenraj D. David , Sudha E. , Pandey Megha , Ambrose Sharath
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Algorithmic trading provides a more systematic approach to active trading than methods based on trader intuition or instinct. The aim of the study is to examine the level of awareness among the brokers when integrated with technology for the purpose of executing the trades. Design/Methodology: A self-administered and structured 350 questionnaires were designed and circulated to collect the preliminary information from the stock brokers operating in NSE and BSE within the geographical limits of Bangalore district using the Systematic Sampling method to obtain a sample size of 235. Awareness, Automated trading, Elimination of human error, portfolio management, tracking order, order placement were the critical variables observed to validate the hypothesis using Simple Percentage Analysis & Chi-Square Analysis using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). Findings: It was found that there is robust association between the level of awareness of the mentioned technology in its application by the stock brokers of NSE and BSE operating in Bangalore. Portfolio management and automated trading are the highly associated application of Algorithmic trading among the stock brokerage services. Originality: Algorithmic trading makes use of complex formulas, combined with mathematical models and human oversight, to make decisions to buy or sell financial securities on an exchange. It can be used in a wide variety of situations including order execution, arbitrage, and trend trading strategies. Algorithmic traders often make use of high-frequency trading technology, which can enable a firm to make tens of thousands of trades per second.
Identification of consumer trends in the sharing of things
Authors: Kireeva Natalia
Published: March 2023

Relevance. The development of digital technology has given a strong impetus to the development of consumer goods sharing and the emergence of numerous online platforms that provide goods for temporary use.Research objective. This paper aims to establishing user preferences and identifying consumer trends in the sharing market in Russia, in the USA and in the UK. The study also examines the scientific literature regarding the development of the market for sharing things.Data and methods. The material for the study were the statistical data of the Google Trends service on search queries originating from the territory of Russia, the USA and the UK over the past 10 years and data on the date of creation and visiting the most popular online platforms for sharing things in these countries. Analysis of their variance was used to study the relationship between the indicators.Results. Consumer interest in sharing things in Russia, the US and the UK is increasing. There are similar trends in the market for rented items in all three countries, in particular a rapid increase in the popularity of tool and equipment rentals. The popularity of demand for rented goods in all selected countries has a pronounced annual seasonality. The leaders in the Russian sharing economy are young companies, in contrast to the USA and the UK. Website traffic of Russian sites on sharing things is low, and it lags far behind that of retailers and is much lower than in the US and the UK. In all three countries there are not only rentals according to the classic scheme, but other formats: services, the business model of which is based on the P2P principle, rent of things provided by large trading and manufacturing companies, the Try & Buy format, through which consumers can try products before buying them.Conclusions. Consumers in Russia, in the US, and in the UK are gradually moving away from owning things towards using them. The rent of things markets in Russia, the US and the UK show similar trends. At the same time, in the US and the UK, the sharing economy is more developed than in Russia, especially rent of things under the classic scheme. In all three countries, new formats for rent of things are developing.
Models and algorithms for human capital reproduction intellectual analysis
Authors: Kartsan Igor , Zhukov Aleksandr , Pronichkin Sergey
Published: March 2023

The managerial decisions making tasks in human capital reproduction complex systems are solved on the basis of models built on experimental data. It is problematic to take into account all the factors affecting the human capital reproduction. Existing approaches are not focused on building models for the human capital reproduction with incomplete information. Algorithms for inductive modeling are developed for the human capital reproduction systems characteristics functional description. The software is developed to implement the proposed algorithms for the human capital reproduction intellectual analysis based on the metric spaces of multisets.
About the attitude towards artificial intelligence technologies
Authors: Yadrovskaia Marina , Porksheyan Markos , Petrova Anastasia , Dudukalova Daria , Bulygin Yuri
Published: March 2023

Artificial intelligence technologies are capable of solving complex problems, ensuring the technical and economic development of society. At the same time, like any significant innovation, they require close study from the point of view of their integration into the space of human society. This direction is little studied and requires scientific analysis. The article summarizes the concept of artificial intelligence, lists the technologies of artificial intelligence, identifies the main problems associated with the spread of technology in our country. The main content of the study is the analysis of the results of an electronic survey on the attitude of a modern person to the introduction of artificial intelligence technologies, his readiness to accept changes associated with this technology. The respondents see prospects in the use of artificial intelligence technologies and have a positive attitude towards their use, even if they do not always understand the essence of these technologies. Also, they are not particularly afraid of losing their jobs because of them, since the introduction of these technologies does not occur rapidly and everywhere. At the same time, they are in no hurry to improve their qualifications or acquire new professional skills related to these technologies. Serious work is needed not only to develop and disseminate the technologies themselves, but also to study and form the readiness of society and business for new technological solutions.
Implementation of a risk-based OHS management system at IMC mining company
Authors: Skripnik Igor , Savelev Dmitry , Kaverzneva Tatyana , Rumyantseva Nina
Published: March 2023

IMC mining company produces gold and silver. In mining operations that are carried out every day in the workplace, there must be dangers and risks. All these hazards are more related to the transport systems and transport used in the mining process. International mining company (IMC) underground mines definitely have operations division jobs with a high level of risk against work accidents, for example, maintenance of transport installations and the systems. Therefore, it is important to identify hazards, risk assessments, and determine the type of risk control in the section where work accidents are found. Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Determining Control is a prevention program against fatal incidents. Risk Management at IMC is based on the Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment Determining Control (HIRADC) methodology which focuses on managing mining safety risks. This article aims to find out what the potential hazards and risks are contained in the work of the engineering and transport of underground mining division as well as provide preventive measures to reduce these risks.
Soybean oleosome-based oleogelsviapolymer-bridging based structuring. Mechanical properties at large deformations
Authors: Zambrano Solorzano Juan Carlos , Vilgis Thomas A.
Published: March 2023

Oleosomes have emerged in the last decade as a multipurpose oil-in-water emulsion suitable for engineering new lipids materials. The need to increase alternative and sustainable methods to modulate the rheological properties of emulsions has been the leading research interest in the oleogelation field. Soybean oleosomes are evaluated as building blocks for creating oleogels in combination with sodium alginate or ι-carrageenan as the structuring elements. Polymer bridging provides a route to produce compact soft, malleable gels by exploiting attractive electrostatic interactions between negatively charged polysaccharides and oleosome surfaces. We investigated the viscoelastic properties of concentrated polymer bridged gels by oscillatory rheological measurements. The rheological characteristics are governed predominantly by the type of polysaccharide and by the ratio between polysaccharide and oleosome content. One yielding step at low strains indicates the breaking of polysaccharide bridging bonds and was visible in all samples. A two-step yielding process, where the second step corresponds to the cage-breaking process, was present at polysaccharide/oleosome ratios where optimum bridging occurs for alginate and carrageenan, 0.005 g/g, 0.01 g/g, respectively. Nonetheless, the bumps corresponding to the second yielding point were more prominent in alginate gels than in carrageenan gels due to the greater bridging ability of alginate. Identifying these rheological hallmarks could provide new ideas towards the improved design of plant-based fatty food products,e.g., cream cheeses and vegan sausages surrogates.
Paraspinal Gossypiboma (Textiloma) Mimicking a Soft Tissue Tumor
Authors: Krishnan Prasad
Published: March 2023

Paraspinal textilomas are dreaded complications of spinal surgery and rarely reported in view of the medico-legal problems they may create. As many of them are asymptomatic and most are unreported, their true incidence is unknown. They must be kept in mind when re-operating for any mass lesion seen on magnetic resonance imaging in the vicinity of a previously operated spine. We present the case of a 40-year-old man found to have a textiloma as a result of a previous surgery, describe his imaging and histological findings, discuss the causes that might lead to the same, and enumerate preventive strategies to avoid such a complication.
Inherent-state melting and the onset of glassy dynamics in two-dimensional supercooled liquids
Authors: Fraggedakis Dimitrios , Hasyim Muhammad R. , Mandadapu Kranthi K.
Published: March 2023

Below the onset temperatureTo, the equilibrium relaxation time of most glass-forming liquids exhibits glassy dynamics characterized by a super-Arrhenius temperature dependence. In this supercooled regime, the relaxation dynamics also proceeds through localized elastic excitations corresponding to hopping events between inherent states, i.e., potential-energy-minimizing configurations of the liquid. Despite its importance in distinguishing the supercooled regime from the high-temperature regime, the microscopic origin ofTois not yet known. Here, we construct a theory for the onset temperature in two dimensions and find that an inherent-state melting transition, described by the binding–unbinding transition of dipolar elastic excitations, delineates the supercooled regime from the high-temperature regime. The corresponding melting transition temperature is in good agreement with the onset temperature found in various two-dimensional (2D) atomistic models of glass formers and an experimental binary colloidal system confined to a water–air interface. Additionally, we find the predictions for the renormalized elastic moduli to agree with the experimentally observed values for the latter 2D colloidal system. We further discuss the predictions of our theory on the displacement and density correlations at supercooled conditions, which are consistent with observations of the Mermin–Wagner fluctuations in experiments and molecular simulations.
High-resolution vat-photopolymerization of personalized bioceramic implants: new advances, regulatory hurdles, and key recommendations
Authors: Roohani Iman , Newsom Ellen , Zreiqat Hala
Published: March 2023

Bioceramics are in high demand due to their biocompatibility and bone-regenerative properties, representing a multibillion-dollar industry with orthopaedic and dental implant applications. However, traditional manufacturing methods have limitations in producing complex geometries tailored to match patient-specific bone defects. Vat-photopolymerization 3D printing has emerged as a precise and high-resolution technique to fabricate complex bioceramic parts, generating strong, ultralight, energy-absorbing, and tough materials. Despite their promise, the clinical translation of 3D-printed bioceramic implants is hampered by regulatory and reimbursement hurdles. This review analyses recent advances in vat-photopolymerization printing of bioceramics, highlighting the technical challenges and the potential of nanoscale printing to enhance the mechanical and biological functions of implants. The review also provides recommendations for regulatory frameworks, envisioning a future with the successful clinical translation of advanced 3D architectures.
Developments of muonic X-ray measurement system for historical-cultural heritage samples in Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC)
Authors: Tampo M. , Miyake Y. , Kutsuna T. , Saito T. , Takeshita S. , Umegaki I. , Shimomura K.
Published: March 2023

Negative muon elemental analysis, which can measure depth-wise elemental composition from 100 nm to several centimeters with a depth resolution of order µm, is a revolutionary technology that enables the nondestructive analysis of materials. In recent years, this technique has begun to apply to understand historical cultural heritage. We have studied the Japanese archaeological heritage to provide new insights into Japanese archaeological research. Here, we report the progress on development of intense (high speed) negative muon X-ray measurement system at KEK Muon Science Laboratory (MSL) in the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC). For this purpose, the efficiency of detectors (wide energy range and high resolution) were improved by preparing a high-purity multi-arrayed germanium semiconductor detectors (HP Ge) to detect one photon or less per muon pulse available in J-PARC. In addition, by increasing the number of detectors and suppressing the noise sources, we have succeeded to enhance the detection efficiency by about 10 times compared to conventional systems.
Inverse Laplace Transform Approaches to βNMR Relaxation
Authors: MacFarlane W A , Fujimoto D , McFadden R M L
Published: March 2023

Spin lattice relaxation is the simplest type of βNMR measurement. The usual approach is to implant a pulse of hyperpolarized nuclei and monitor the time-resolved β-decay asymmetry, yielding the ensemble average spin-lattice relaxation. In the simplest case, the asymmetry decays exponentially with a characteristic time constant T
1, but this ideal is rarely obtained in practice. In most data, the relaxation is more complicated. This can be the result of multiple crystallographic sites for the implanted probe each having a distinct T
1. The sample may also be inhomogeneous due to: impurities or defects (including interfaces that are particularly important for thin films), intrinsic phase separation, or, if it is a glass. There may also be a background signal from probe ions that stop outside the sample. The general approach to this problem has been the ad hoc development of an appropriate relaxation model that avoids overparametrization.

Given the prevalence of more complicated relaxation, it is crucial to develop a systematic approach to relaxation modelling. The decomposition of a relaxing signal into exponentials is, however, a mathematically ill-posed problem[1]. This feature is intrinsic and unavoidable, but there are a number of methods to accommodate it for noisy real-world data, including nuclear spin relaxation[2, 3, 4].

Here we demonstrate one of the best and most commonly used methods, Tikhonov regularization for the inverse Laplace transform, implemented for the particular features of βNMR relaxation data, most importantly the strong time dependence of the statistical uncertainty stemming from the radioactive lifetime of the probe.
Development of a Digitising Data Acquisition Pipeline for Next Generation Pulsed Muon Spectrometers
Authors: Pooley D E , Abba A , Akeroyd F A , Baker P J , Boston A , Brooks A , Cottrell S P , Caponio F , Evans C , Franklin S , Macwaters C , Nixon D , Pastori L , Rhodes N J , Richards S , Schooneveld E M , Templeman D
Published: March 2023

The next generation of muon spin spectrometers at the ISIS pulsed source are being developed to make efficient use of the increased source intensity. They will provide a transformational improvement in counting rates: ‘Super-MuSR’ will be the first of these instruments, capable of counting at ≈1 G·event·hr−1. Key to delivering this capability is the development of highly pixelated, high density detector arrays that cover an appreciable solid angle, with each detector element optimised for counting at very high data rates. A series of ‘firsts’ are planned to optimise individual element count rate capability, where analogue waveforms recorded from SiPMs are fully digitised and processed using digital signal processing (DSP) methods at either software or firmware level. Full raw-signal digitisation will be achieved using the Xilinx Zynq® UltraScale+TM series of ‘system on a chip’ operating with ADCs capable of 1 GHz sampling, data handling using event streaming technology, and DSP to provide novel data correction techniques. We will discuss our concept and present preliminary results. Our prototype digitising data acquisition system, which is key to implementing a ‘digital data pipeline’ (DDP) is presented.
Confirming the high pressure phase diagram of the Shastry-Sutherland model
Authors: Ge Yuqing , Andreica Daniel , Sassa Yasmine , Nocerino Elisabetta , Pomjakushina Ekaterina , Khasanov Rustem , Rønnow Henrik M. , Månsson Martin , Forslund Ola Kenji
Published: March 2023

A Muon Spin Rotation (µ
+
SR) study was conducted to investigate the magnetic properties of SrCu2(BO3)2 (SCBO) as a function of temperature/pressure. Measurements in zero field and transverse field confirm the absence of long range magnetic order at high pressures and low temperatures. These measurements suggest changes in the Cu spin fluctuations characteristics above 21 kbar, consistent with the formation of a plaquette phase as previously suggested by inelastic neutron scattering measurements. SCBO is the only known realisation of the Shatry-Sutherland model, thus the ground state mediating the dimer and antiferromagnetic phase is likekly to be a plaquette state.
Negative muon spin rotation and relaxation on Li metal
Authors: Sugiyama Jun , Umegaki Izumi , Takeshita Soshi , Nakano Takehito , Ninomiya Kazuhiko , Shimomura Koichiro , Kenya Kubo M.
Published: March 2023

In order to study the effect of muonic-Li on the µ−
SR spectrum for Li battery materials, the transverse field (TF) µ−
SR spectra have been measured for natural Li metal and 6Li metal samples in the temperature range between 5 and 300 K. Here, TF denotes the magnetic field perpendicular to the initial µ−
spin polarization. For both samples, the TF-µ−
SR spectrum showed a clear oscillation without relaxation down to the lowest temperature measured: i.e., about 5 K. This clearly excludes the scenario that the muonic-Li starts to diffuse at a certain temperature between 5 and 300 K. Although the mechanism on such a zero TF relaxation rate is not fully understood, we could ignore the contribution from the muonic Li on the asymmetry spectrum for the Li-ion battery materials at temperatures above 5 K.
Low energy muon study of the p-n interface in chalcopyrite solar cells
Authors: Alberto H V , Vilão R C , Ribeiro E F M , Gil J M , Curado M A , Teixeira J P , Fernandes P A , Cunha J M V , Salomé P M P , Edoff M , Martins M I , Prokscha T , Salman Z , Weidinger A
Published: March 2023

The slow muon technique was used to study the p-n junction of chalcopyrite solar cells. A defect layer near the interface was identified and the passivation of the defects by buffer layers was studied. Several cover layers on top of the chalcopyrite Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) semiconductor absorber were investigated in this work, namely CdS, ZnSnO, Al2O3 and SiO2. Quantitative results were obtained: The defect layer extends about 50 nm into the CIGS absorber, the relevant disturbance is strain in the lattice, and CdS provides the best passivation, oxides have a minor effect. In the present contribution, specific aspects of the low-energy muon technique in connection with this research are discussed.
Thin film and surface preparation chamber for the low energy muons spectrometer
Authors: Teuschl Hanna , Bernardo Angelo Di , Lourenço Leandro M. O. , Prokscha Thomas , Vieira Ricardo B. L. , Salman Zaher
Published: March 2023

We have designed and constructed a thin film preparation chamber with base pressure of <2×10−9 mbar. Currently, the chamber is equipped with two large area evaporators (a molecular evaporator and an electron-beam evaporator), an ion sputtering gun, a thickness monitor and a substrate heater. It is designed such that it can handle large area thin film samples with a future possibility to transfer them in vacuum directly to the low energy muons (LEM) spectrometer or to other advanced characterization facilities in the Quantum Matter and Materials Center (QMMC) which will be constructed in 2024. Initial commissioning of the chamber resulted in high quality, large area and uniform molecular films of CuPc and TbPc2 on various substrate materials. We present first results from low energy µSR (LE-µSR) measurements on these films.
Effects of the rhombohedral distortion in LaAlO3 on the quadrupolar splitting of the implanted 8Li+ NMR
Authors: Karner V L , Chatzichristos A , Fujimoto D , Kiefl R F , Levy C D P , Li R , McFadden R M L , Morris G D , Pearson M R , Ticknor J O , MacFarlane W A
Published: March 2023

We report the β-detected NMR of implanted 8Li+ in the rhombohedrally distorted perovskite LaAlO3. As observed in other insulating perovskites, the resonance has large quadrupolar splitting. However, it exhibits additional splitting due to the rhombohedral distortion. In addition, the magnitude of the electric field gradient at the 8Li site is larger than in cubic perovskites, such as SrTiO3, with vQ ≈ 191.3 kHz.
Negative muon spin rotation and relaxation on superconducting MgB2
Authors: Sugiyama Jun , Forslund Ola K. , Nocerino Elisabetta , Sassa Yasmine , Månsson Martin , Hillier Adrian , Ishida Katsuhiko
Published: March 2023

The internal nuclear magnetic field in a superconducting MgB2 powder sample was studied with a µ−
SR technique. Although the past µ
+SR study on MgB2 reported the appearance of a dynamic behavior even below Tc
due to µ
+ diffusion, µ−
SR shows a static behavior in the whole temperature range measured, as expected. The ZF-µ−
SR spectra do not suggest any appearance of additional magnetic field below Tc
within the experimental accuracy. Considering the small asymmetry of the µ−
SR signal, it is a challenge to detect the appearance of an internal magnetic field below Tc
caused by the time reversal symmetry breaking.
Global-to-local-to-global interactions and climate change
Authors: Baldos Uris Lantz C , Chepeliev Maksym , Cultice Brian , Huber Matthew , Meng Sisi , Ruane Alex C , Suttles Shellye , van der Mensbrugghe Dominique
Published: March 2023

Climate change by its very nature epitomizes the necessity and usefulness of the global-to-local-to-global (GLG) paradigm. It is a global problem with the potential to affect local communities and ecosystems. Accumulation of local impacts and responses to climate change feeds back to regional and global systems creating feedback loops. Understanding these complex impacts and interactions is key to developing more resilient adaptation measures and designing more efficient mitigation policies. To this date, however, GLG interactions have not yet been an integrative part of the decision-support toolkit. The typical approach either traces the impacts of global action on the local level or estimates the implications of local policies at the global scale. The first approach misses cumulative feedback of local responses that can have regional, national or global impacts. In the second case, one undermines a global context of the local actions most likely misrepresenting the complexity of the local decision-making process. Potential interactions across scales are further complicated by the presence of cascading impacts, connected risks and tipping points. Capturing these dimensions is not always a straightforward task and often requires a departure from conventional modeling approaches. In this paper, we review the state-of-the-art approaches to modeling GLG interactions in the context of climate change. We further identify key limitations that drive the lack of GLG coupling cases and discuss what could be done to address these challenges.
Stacking order and driving forces in the layered charge density wave phase of 1T-MX2 (M = Nb, Ta and X = S, Se)
Authors: Zhang Wenjun , Wu Jiansheng
Published: March 2023

The group-V transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) have attracted a lot of research due to their unique structures and rich physical properties. In these materials, charge density waves (CDW) are still the subject worthy of in-depth research despite being a popular issue. Based on first principles, the stacking effect of the T- MX2 (M = Nb, Ta and X = S, Se) CDW phase are comprehensively explored, with the interplay of correlation effect and magnetic order. Without correlation effect, T- MX2 with one specific stacking order (AA_AC_AA) is most structurally stable and leads to a natural band insulator due to interlayer dimerization. In contrast, same materials with the other stacking orders (AA_AB_AA, AA, AB, AC) are metallic phase. In the presence of correlation effect, whether the systems are insulators or metal highly depends on the magnetic order. AA_AC_AA stacking T- MX2 with antiferromagnetic order end up with band insulator. T- MX2 with AA, AB, AC stacking are metal even in the presence of correlation effect, but with magnetic order, they become Mott insulator. The complication is that AA_AB_AA stacking is located at the intersection of the band insulator and Mott insulator. From this article, we can see T-MX2 with different stacking structure with/without correlation effect and magnetic order show different phases. We outline a rich landscape and systematically explain the causes of the insulating characteristic of the CDW phase and emphasizes the critical role of correlation effect and magnetic order, extending the underlying mechanism of metal-insulation transitions that previously relied only on Mott localization as a driving force.
Organization structure and tribological study of hydrogel prepared by Uv light molding and casting molding methods for bionic articular cartilage
Authors: Yan Chengqi , Chen Junyue , Jia Zhuying , Li Zhanjun
Published: March 2023

Hydrogels have similar structural and functional properties to natural articular cartilage, so they have been widely used in the research of biomimetic articular cartilage. In this research, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and betaine monomer were used as raw materials to prepare hydrogel on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) surface by Uv light molding and casting molding respectively. The results showed that two methods were used to prepare hydrogel film on PEEK surface successfully. The diameter of the internal hole of the hydrogel prepared by Uv light molding was larger than that prepared by casting molding. Compared with the hydrogels prepared by Uv light molding, the hydrogels prepared by casting molding have a lower friction coefficient because of their high load-carrying capacity. Different preparation methods seriously affect the formation of hydrogel structure. This study provides an important reference value for the preparation of high performance hydrogels.
Retract conjecture on a sublattice of monoidal posets
Authors: Kato Ryo
Published: March 2023

Hovey and Palmieri [The structure of the Bousfield lattice, Amer. Math. Soc., Providence, RI, 1999] proposed the retract conjecture on the Bousfield lattice of the stable homotopy category. The author, Shimomura and Tatehara [Publ. Res. Inst. Math. Sci. 50 (2014), pp. 497–513] defined the notion of monoidal posets as a generalization of the Bousfield lattice. In this paper, we prove that an analogue of the retract conjecture holds on a sublattice of monoidal posets.
Writing to Undo
Authors: Sternberg Giora
Published: March 2023

This study investigates protestations as a unique lens into the workings of coercion and resistance in the early modern period. Protestation was a wide-ranging genre of document, written to counter the consequences of coercive forces in myriad forms: familial, economic, religious, and political; on the levels of micro and macro; and across social and geographical space. This remarkable scope has paradoxically proven an obstacle to realizing the historiographical potential of the phenomenon, which remains largely uncharted and familiar only to a few specialists separated by sub-disciplinary divides. This article thus offers a unifying conceptual, analytic, and methodological framework. It interrogates protestations as material objects as well as verbal texts; follows them throughout their lifecycle; and explores their spectra of producers, protagonists, and functions. A variety of case studies from the ancien régime illustrate the significance of the phenomenon on both the micro and macro levels, whether in the struggles of young people against the abuses of patriarchal and familial authority or in the subversive use of protestations in the constitutional crises of absolute monarchy. Protestation is thus shown to be of wide interest to a broad swath of scholars, including historians of gender, family, working-people, elites, high politics, law, and writing.
In-depth proteomic signature of parathyroid carcinoma
Authors: Kong Sung Hye , Lee Joon-Hyop , Bae Jeong Mo , Hong Namki , Kim Hyeyoon , Park So Young , Choi Yong Jun , Lee Sihoon , Rhee Yumie , Kim Sang Wan , Han Dohyun , Kim Jung Hee , Shin Chan Soo
Published: March 2023

Objective

Diagnosing parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is complicated and controversial that early diagnosis and intervention are often difficult. Therefore, we aimed to elucidate the protein signatures of PC through quantitative proteomic analyses to aid in the early and accurate diagnosis of PC.

Design

We conducted a retrospective cohort study.

Methods

We performed liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. For the analyses, 23 PC and 15 parathyroid adenoma (PA) tissues were collected from 6 tertiary hospitals in South Korea.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 52 years, and 63% were women. Proteomic expression profiling revealed 304 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with a cut-off of P < .05 and fold change >1.5. Among DEPs, we identified a set of 5 proteins that can discriminate PC from PA: carbonic anhydrase 4 (CA4), alpha/beta hydrolase domain-containing protein 14B (ABHD14B), laminin subunit beta-2 (LAMB2), CD44 antigen (CD44), and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1) that exhibited the highest area under the curve of 0.991 in neural network model. The nuclear percentage of CA4 and LAMB2 in immunohistochemistry was significantly lower in PC tissue than in the PA (CA4: 2.77 ± 1.96%, 26.2 ± 3.45%, P < .001; LAMB2: 6.86 ± 3.46%, 38.54 ± 4.13%, P < .001). The most enriched canonical pathways in PC included glycoprotein-6 signaling and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).

Conclusions

We identified key proteins differentially expressed between PC and PA using proteomic analyses of parathyroid neoplasms. These findings may help to diagnose PC accurately and elucidate potential therapeutic targets.
A highly contiguous genome assembly reveals sources of genomic novelty in the symbiotic fungus Rhizophagus irregularis
Authors: Manley Bethan F , Lotharukpong Jaruwatana S , Barrera-Redondo Josué , Llewellyn Theo , Yildirir Gokalp , Sperschneider Jana , Corradi Nicolas , Paszkowski Uta , Miska Eric A , Dallaire Alexandra
Published: March 2023

The root systems of most plant species are aided by the soil-foraging capacities of symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi of the Glomeromycotina subphylum. Despite recent advances in our knowledge of the ecology and molecular biology of this mutualistic symbiosis, our understanding of the AM fungi genome biology is just emerging. Presented here is a close to T2T genome assembly of the model AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis DAOM197198, achieved through Nanopore long-read DNA sequencing and Hi-C data. This haploid genome assembly of R. irregularis, alongside short- and long-read RNA-Sequencing data, was used to produce a comprehensive annotation catalog of gene models, repetitive elements, small RNA loci, and DNA cytosine methylome. A phylostratigraphic gene age inference framework revealed that the birth of genes associated with nutrient transporter activity and transmembrane ion transport systems predates the emergence of Glomeromycotina. While nutrient cycling in AM fungi relies on genes that existed in ancestor lineages, a burst of Glomeromycotina-restricted genetic innovation is also detected. Analysis of the chromosomal distribution of genetic and epigenetic features highlights evolutionarily young genomic regions that produce abundant small RNAs, suggesting active RNA-based monitoring of genetic sequences surrounding recently evolved genes. This chromosome-scale view of the genome of an AM fungus genome reveals previously unexplored sources of genomic novelty in an organism evolving under an obligate symbiotic life cycle.
Cyber operations against critical infrastructure under norms of responsible state behaviour and international law
Authors: Haataja Samuli
Published: March 2023

There has been agreement at the United Nations level about a set of norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace, including norm (f) which prohibits cyber operations that cause intentional damage or impairment to critical infrastructure (CI). This article examines norm (f) in light of existing international law prohibiting malicious cyber operations against CI. It argues that norm (f) introduces complexity to the application of the law in this context that is counterproductive to developing clarity about the cyber operations against CI that are prohibited by international law. This is due to the subjectivity of the concept of CI, the contradictory legal status of norm (f), and due to existing uncertainties in how international law applies to state conduct in cyberspace which are compounded by norm (f). The article concludes that states need to develop more clarity about the relationship between international law and the norms of responsible state behaviour in cyberspace, and about how international law applies to cyber operations, particularly where CI is targeted.
Invasion of Rugose spiraling whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) across Bangladesh coastal region causes widespread damage to coconut plants
Authors: Swarnaa Ismat Jahan , Sheheli Shonia , Finch Elizabeth A , Khan Mohammed Abul Monjur
Published: March 2023

Rugose spiraling whitefly (RSW), Aleurodicus rugioperculatus Martin, a native pest of coconut in Central America, has recently been introduced to South-East Asia. Little is known about the spread of RSW in Bangladesh, the effect this pest has on coconut plants, or the full range of its plant hosts. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted surveys across the southern coastal coconut producing region of Bangladesh. Coconut plant damage from RSW was high throughout all the areas surveyed, and this was correlated with the population density of RSW. Areas, such as Khulna, which had the highest population density of RSW, had the highest level of RSW leaf damage. Coconut plants with an infestation of RSW had significantly fewer leaves and fruits. The coconut fruits were also smaller, both in terms of size and weight, and contained less water and lighter endosperm compared to non-infested plants. This highlights the need for the management of RSW in coconut growing regions. We also report 39 new host plant species for RSW from 22 plant families, including the economically important mangrove plant Nipa palm, Nypa fruticans Wurmb.