bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Can Revision TKA Patients Achieve Similar Clinical Functional Improvement Compared to Primaries?
Authors: Sachdeva Shikha , Baker James F. , Bauwens Jesse E. , Smith Langan S. , Sodhi Nipun , Mont Michael A. , Malkani Arthur L.
Published: July 2019

The etiology of failure following primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) leading to revision surgery are multifactorial, including infection, instability, loosening, contracture, and wear. Although the majority of patients have successful outcomes following revision TKA, postoperative complications are still increased in these patients when compared to primary patients. For this reason, there has been a continued search to identify options, including prosthesis types, to potentially improve outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if the clinical results achieved following revision TKA are comparatively similar to primaries using the same implant design. Specifically, we compared (1) Knee Society Functional and Range-of-Motion Knee Scores and (2) component survivorship. This was a retrospective analysis of 100 patients undergoing revision TKA due to an aseptic etiology, who were matched to a cohort of 100 patients who underwent primaries with the same prosthesis. There were no differences in the groups with respect to age at surgery, sex, and body mass index. The mean follow-up was 57 months in the revision group (range 24–105 months) and 67 months in the primary TKA group (range 55–123 months). American Knee Society Scores (KSS) and range of motion measurements recorded preoperatively and at the most recent postoperative visit were compared between both cohorts in order to compare postoperative outcomes. A p value of 0.05 was used for significance. The average improvement between the pre- and postoperative KSS function scores in both groups was similar, with both cohorts demonstrating a 28-point improvement. At 2-year follow-up, all-cause survivorship of the aseptic revision surgeries was 87%. Patients undergoing revision TKA for aseptic loosening can potentially expect similar improvements in clinical function scores and survivorship compared to primary TKA when controlling for implant type.
Understanding Clinical Inertia in Diabetes
Authors: Veettil Raveendran Arkiath
Published: July 2019

Clinical inertia is common in the management of asymptomatic chronic disease such as diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. In case of diabetes, it exists in all stages of management of diabetes. It can be at population level or at patient level. In addition to assessment of glycemic control with blood glucose and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) monitoring, emerging concepts such as “glycemic variability” and “time in range” are increasingly used. Inability to reduce “glycemic variability” and attain “time in range” targets also contributes to clinical inertia.
Study of self-diffraction from laser generated plasma gratings in the nanosecond regime
Authors: Schrauth S. E. , Colaitis A. , Luthi R. L. , Plummer R. C. W. , Hollingsworth W. G. , Carr C. W. , Norton M. A. , Wallace R. J. , Hamza A. V. , MacGowan B. J. , Shaw M. J. , Spaeth M. L. , Manes K. R. , Michel P. , Di Nicola J.-M.
Published: July 2019

We investigate the formation and diffraction efficiency of plasma gratings generated by the interference of two laser beams crossing at a small angle on the surface of a planar aluminum target. Such gratings were observed during National Ignition Facility experiments with the ratio of energy in the first-order to zeroth order of ≈60%. Recently, additional experiments were performed on the Optical Sciences Laser. These experiments with only two interfering beams showed high normalized energy (ratio of energy in diffracted order to zeroth order) of approximately 10% and 3% at the first and second diffracted order locations, respectively, for intensities less than 1012 W/cm2. The existence of the higher-orders is the characteristic of diffraction from gratings in the Raman-Nath as opposed to the Bragg regime. In addition, we show conical diffraction from the generated plasma grating. Using numerical simulations, we explore the large difference in diffraction efficiency observed in these two experiments and highlight the role of plasma temperature and density scale length. The simulations suggest a modulation depth of the plasma grating refractive index ranging from 1.77 × 10−4 to 3.5 × 10−2. These results are relevant to Inertial Confinement Fusion experiments or plasma photonics applications of gratings in high-field laser-physics and high-energy density science, specifically in the nanosecond regime.
A potential justifying superconductivity and pseudogap formation in high-Tc superconductors
Authors: Raissi Farshid
Published: July 2019

Copper and Iron based high temperature superconductors exhibit d-wave type superconducting gap and order parameter and posses a universal phase diagram. Here a potential is introduced that accounts for high temperature superconductivity, justifies d-wave symmetric behavior, and successfully explains phase diagram’s salient features. This potential is stipulated by principles of special relativity and arises from the difference between the electric potential of moving electrons and the potential of stationary nuclei. In quasi-two-dimensional materials this difference results in an uncompensated angular dependent attraction force in preferred directions of motion and a repulsion force in the perpendicular directions. The attraction force causes d-wave angular dependent superconducting gap and order parameter at high temperatures for d or p orbitals, which are the orbitals involved in Copper and Iron based superconductors. The repulsion force justifies the existence of angular dependent pseudogap and since the attraction and repulsions forces confine electrons to two directions of motion the number of allowed momentum states are reduced resulting in anti-ferromagnetic Mott-insulator behavior. The combination of the attraction and repulsion forces is shown to create charge density waves in these quasi-two-dimensional materials. This potential is able to justify the main features of the universal phase diagram self-consistently.
Interaction of kinetic Alfvén wave solitons in nonthermal plasmas
Authors: Parveen Shahida , Mahmood Shahzad , Qamar Anisa , Adnan Muhammad
Published: July 2019

The interaction of Kinetic Alfvén (KA) wave solitons is examined in a finite β (me/mi < β < 1) electron-ion plasma with kappa distributed electrons. Following the extended Poincaré-Lighthill-Kuo method, coupled Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equations are derived for the interaction of two moving opposite Kinetic Alfvénic solitons and the corresponding phase shifts are estimated. The procedure is then extended to the multiple soliton interaction of Kinetic Alfvén waves. By using the Hirota bilinear method, the solution of two-sided double and two-sided triple KA KdV solitons and their corresponding phase shifts are obtained. The profiles of head-on collision in multiple soliton situations are shown; the present model supports only compressive sub-Alfvénic soliton structures. It is found that plasma β, obliqueness, and the superthermality index significantly alter the phase shifts (due to head-on and overtaking collisions). The magnitude of the phase shift due to overtaking collision is more compared to that with the head-on collision. The present study is relevant to space and laboratory plasma underpinning sub-Alfvénic soliton.
Heavy-particle induced secondary electrons in capacitive radio frequency discharges driven by tailored voltage waveforms
Authors: Derzsi A. , Horváth B. , Korolov I. , Donkó Z. , Schulze J.
Published: July 2019

Particle-in-Cell/Monte Carlo Collision simulations are performed to investigate the effects of heavy-particle induced secondary electrons (SEs) on the ionization dynamics and on the control of ion properties at the electrodes in geometrically symmetric capacitively coupled argon discharges driven by tailored voltage waveforms. The driving voltage waveform is composed of a maximum of four (1≤N≤4) consecutive harmonics of the fundamental frequency of 13.56 MHz and is tailored by adjusting the identical phases of the even harmonics, θ. The simulations are carried out at neutral gas pressures of 3 Pa (nearly collisionless low-pressure regime) and 100 Pa (collisional high-pressure regime). Different approaches are used in the simulations to describe the secondary electron emission (SEE) at the electrodes: we adopt (i) constant ion-induced secondary electron emission coefficients (SEECs), γ, and (ii) realistic, energy-dependent SE yields for ions and fast neutrals. The mean ion energy at the electrodes, ⟨Ei⟩, can be controlled by θ at both pressures, for both approaches adopted to describe the SEE in the simulations. At a low pressure of 3 Pa, we obtain largely different dependencies of the ion flux at the electrodes, Γi, on θ, depending on the value of the γ-coefficient. For γ=0.2, Γi remains nearly constant as a function of θ, independently of the choice of N, i.e., the mean ion energy can be controlled separately from the ion flux by adjusting θ. However, for values of γ different from 0.2, the quality of the separate control of the ion properties changes significantly. At a high pressure of 100 Pa, independently of the choice of γ, for a given N≥2, the ion flux varies as a function of θ. At both pressures, the surface conditions affect the plasma parameters and the quality of the separate control of ion properties at the electrodes. Adopting realistic, energy-dependent SE yields for heavy particles in the simulations can lead to significantly different results compared to those obtained by assuming constant SEECs.
On the link between polyamorphism and liquid-liquid transition: The case of salty water
Authors: Bove Livia E. , Pietrucci Fabio , Saitta A. Marco , Klotz Stefan , Teixeira José
Published: July 2019

We investigate a LiCl:6D2O water solution in the deep undercooled regime as a function of pressure by neutron diffraction, small angle neutron scattering, and molecular dynamics simulations. We probe the structure of the undercooled liquid and the existence of density fluctuations in the system along isotherms just above the observed first-order-like polymorphic transition in the solid between a high density amorphous (s-HDA) and a very high density amorphous (s-VHDA) form [L. E. Bove et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 125701 (2011)]. We observe a continuous pressure evolution of the structure factor of the liquid and the absence of density fluctuations when crossing the continuation line of the s-HDA and s-VHDA boundary. These results indicate that no liquid-liquid transition is observed in the system in correspondence with the solid polyamorphism.
Wake-induced vibration of a circular cylinder at a low Reynolds number of 100
Authors: Zhu Hongjun , Zhang Chun , Liu Wenli
Published: July 2019

Wake-induced vibration (WIV) of a circular cylinder in the wake of a stationary bluff body at a low Reynolds number of 100 is numerically investigated in this work. Square prism, rectangular plate, and triangular prism with the same projected width as the diameter of the circular cylinder are employed as the upstream bluff body to examine the effect of obstacle’s shape on the wake interference and WIV. The downstream circular cylinder is allowed to oscillate in both inline and crossflow directions. Three spacing ratios of 2, 4, and 6 are considered in the computations that carried out for a wide range of reduced velocities (Ur = 2–20). In terms of shear layer reattachment, vortex impingement, and wake interference, three distinct flow regimes are identified for the upstream-stationary-downstream-vibrating tandem cylinders, i.e., continuous reattachment regime, alternating reattachment regime, and coshedding regime. The wake flow pattern is sensitive to the spacing ratio and the reduced velocity. Due to the vigorous streamwise response, the gap between the tandem cylinders varies over time and hence the switching of wake regime. Both the hydrodynamic forces and vibration response are tightly associated with the wake interaction. Among the three configurations, the cylinder behind a square prism possesses the largest cross-flow amplitude, while the cylinder behind a plate and that behind a triangular prism present more oscillating characteristics in the response amplitude, due mainly to the unstable and irregular vortex evolution.
Cluster embedding of ionic systems: Point charges and extended ions
Authors: Bagus Paul S. , Sassi Michel J. , Rosso Kevin M.
Published: July 2019

The embedding of cluster models of oxides with point charges and with extensions of the embedding which take into account the spatial extent of the cations is examined with an emphasis on the consequences of this embedding for the relative ionization and excitation energies that are measured in core-level spectroscopies. It is found that the dependence of the electronic structure of the oxides and the relative energies of different levels depend only weakly on the embedding and that relatively simple embeddings may be sufficient to provide an adequate model for determining core-level spectra. This is different from absolute values of the ionizations which, as expected, depend strongly on the details of the extended crystal; however, relative values of binding energies, as measured in photoemission, are of greater interest than the absolute values.
Critical evaluation of p-type doping effects in Bi-Sb alloys
Authors: Hu Xixiao , Gao Sheng , Poon S. Joseph
Published: July 2019

We have investigated the doping effects of elements (Sn, Pb, Ge) with valence 4 in Bi-Sb alloys. The solubilities of these elements in Bi-Sb alloy are known to range from ∼3 to ∼0.5 to zero atomic percent, respectively. We employed a rapid solidification method to prepare samples that allowed us to achieve a high doping level of Ge and a high doping efficiency of Pb in Bi85Sb15. Using this method, unprecedented high Ge content (up to 13 atomic percent) could be solutionized in Bi-Sb. Microstructure analyses and thermoelectric transport property measurements have been performed on the doped samples which all showed p-type properties at cryogenic temperatures. The doping efficiency of the elements (Sn, Pb, Ge) was calculated based on the Hall measurements and discussed in light of donor and acceptor sites in Bi-Sb. A two-band effective mass model was used to simulate the thermoelectric transport properties within the Boltzmann transport theory. The present study revealed a gap-decreasing phenomenon in the undoped and doped samples. This gap-decreasing behavior is a heretofore unrealized obstacle to achieving a high thermoelectric figure of merit in p-type Bi-Sb alloys.
Study on chaotic characteristics of heart sound based on correlation dimension and K entropy
Authors: She Chenjun , Cheng Xiefeng , Wang Jing
Published: July 2019

Heart sound is a kind of non-stationary and nonlinear signal with typical chaotic characteristics. As everyone knows, exercise and age can influence heart function, will they also influence the chaotic characteristics of heart sound? This problem is studied based on the correlation dimension and Kolmogorov entropy. Firstly, discuss calculation methods of correlation dimension and K entropy of heart sound signal. Secondly, introduce the experimental methods, and use a self-made wireless heart sound acquisition device to collect heart sound signals in different move status and at different ages. The effects of exercise on correlation dimension and K entropy were discussed in three status of rest, in and after exercise. Then carry out phase plane analysis of heart sound signals, and analyze change rules of correlation dimension of heart sound signals with aging. Finally, the prediction model of heart sound is proposed according to the relationship between age and correlation dimension. The results show that: (1) There were significant differences in correlation dimension and K entropy of heart sound signals under different move status. (2) Affected by cardiac inefficiency and pathological murmurs, correlation dimensions of heart sound decrease with the increases of age. Therefore, senescence is a process in which the chaotic characteristics of heart sounds gradually change to zero. (3) According to the prediction model of heart sounds, we can try to obtain heart sounds for many years to come, which can be used to assist in predicting the risk of human-related diseases in a certain sense.
Lightweight and heat resistant resin-based composite neutron shielding material
Authors: Hu Guang , Hu Huasi , Sun Weiqiang , Yan Yihong , Yan Mingfei , Li Zhongliang
Published: July 2019

In this research, a lightweight neutron shielding material was developed, which consists of epoxy resin, elemental boron and graphene oxide. The newly designed material is lower than pure water in density, and it performs better at resisting heat than regular materials. It can be applied to neutron sources for neutron shielding, such as the BNCT and D-D neutron sources. Its components were first simulated and designed by MCNP, and then several blocks of the material were manufactured at room temperature, after which the thermal property, that is, the TG/DTG result, of the material was tested and shown. In addition, the research also examined the gas, CO2, NH3 and H2O, emitted from the material at different temperatures. The shielding performance of the material was later tested by MCNP software and compared with that of polyethylene (PE) which only works under 90°C. At last, the thermal conductivity, coefficient of thermal expansion and stretching rate of the material were studied and the results were presented.
Heavy-atom effects on intramolecular singlet fission in a conjugated polymer
Authors: Musser Andrew J. , Al-Hashimi Mohammed , Heeney Martin , Clark Jenny
Published: July 2019

A chief aim in singlet fission research is to develop new materials concepts for more efficient singlet fission. The typical approaches such as tuning π-overlap and charge-transfer interactions, enhancing delocalization, altering diradical character, or extending the conjugation length have profound effects simultaneously on the singlet and triplet energetics and the couplings between them. While these strategies have resulted in a handful of high-efficiency materials, the complex interplay of these factors makes systematic materials development challenging, and it would be useful to be able to selectively manipulate the properties and dynamics of just part of the singlet fission pathway. Here, we investigate the potential of heteroatom substitution as just such a selective tool. We explore the influence of heavy atoms within the main backbone of polythienylenevinylene and its selenophene and tellurophene derivatives. We find no significant effects on the prompt <300 fs intramolecular singlet fission dynamics but a clear heavy-atom effect on longer time scales.
Anomalous zero bias conductance peak in a ferromagnetic graphene junction with d-wave anisotropic superconducting pair symmetry
Authors: Huang Chuan-Shuai , Tao Y. C.
Published: July 2019

We theoretically present an anomalous zero bias conductance peak (ZBCP) in graphene junctions with proximity-induced ferromagnetism and d-wave anisotropic superconducting pair symmetry (ASPS) herein. It is revealed that in the thin insulator limit, the ZBCP can be periodically recovered by adjusting the sandwiched insulating barrier strength χ regardless of exchange field h and the phase of the periodical behaviours for h larger than its Fermi energy EF (h > EF) is exactly opposite to that for h < EF. Most interestingly, in the context of h > EF, the periodic oscillation of the nonzero bias conductance located in the ZBCP versus χ, is accompanied by an explicit splitting peak. Moreover, under the situation of the insulator with finite width, the conductance exhibits a stronger damping oscillation with bias voltage eV for any h, which is also accompanied by a splitting ZBCP at h > EF. These singular features originate from ferromagnetic-modulated midgap states characteristic by the relativistic nodal fermions, which confirms the spin polarization and ASPS of the graphene, and thus will be of great interest in the designing and fabrication of graphene superconducting spintronic devices.
Effect of sample temperature on radiation characteristics of nanosecond laser-induced soil plasma
Authors: Wang Li , Zhou Yu , Fu Yuan-xia , Xu Li , Gong Hao , Cheng Rong-long
Published: July 2019

An Nd:YAG single pulse nanosecond laser of 532 nm wavelength with an 8 ns pulse width was projected on the soil samples collected from the campus of Bengbu College under 1 standard atmospheric pressure. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy at different sample temperatures was achieved. The intensity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) changes of dif­ferent characteristic spectral lines could be analyzed when the sample temperature changes. The evolution of plasma electron temperature and electron density with the sample temper­ature was analyzed through Boltzmann oblique line method and Stark broadening method. The cause of the radiation enhancement of laser-induced metal plasma was discussed. Ex­perimental results demonstrated that the spectral intensity, SNR, the electron temperature and electron density of plasma are positively related to the sample temperature, and reach saturation at 100 °C.
Effect of sulfate adlayer on formic acid oxidation on Pd(111) electrode
Authors: Lei Jing , Wei Zhen , Xu Mian-le , Wei Jie , Chen Yan-xia , Ye Shen
Published: July 2019

The kinetics of formic acid oxidation (FAO) on Pd(111) in 0.1 mol/L H2SO4+0.1 mol/L HCOOH with and without addition of Na2SO4 is studied using cyclic voltammetry and potential step method, which is compared with that in 0.1 mol/L HClO4. It is found that adsorbed sulfate has significant inhibition effect on FAO kinetics. After addition of 0.05 mol/L or 0.1 mol/L Na2SO4, FAO current in the negative-going scan is found to be significantly smaller than that at the same potential in the positive-going scan. We speculate that at potentials positive of the phase transition potential for the (SO4ad*)m+[(H2O)n−H3O+] or (SO4ad*)m+[Na+(H2O)n−H3O+] adlayer, the adlayer structure probably becomes denser and more stable with the increase of potential or with the addition of Na2SO4. The formation of connected adlayer network greatly enhance the stability of the adlayer, and the insertion of positive-charged H+ or Na+ into the adlayer network further reduces the electrostatic repulsion between partially charged sulfates. As a result, the destruction/desorption of compact sulfate adlayer becomes more difficult, which leaves much less free sites on the surface for FAO, and thus FAO kinetics at higher potentials and in the subsequent negative-going potential scan is significantly inhibited.
Theoretical study on divergence problems of single reference perturbation theories
Authors: Yi Jiang , Xie Zhong-fu , Chen Fei-wu
Published: July 2019

Divergences of the single reference perturbation theories due to the addition of diffusion basis functions have been investigated for both closed-shell and open-shell molecular systems. It is found that the oscillatory range of perturbation energies of open-shell systems increases as the spin multiplicity of systems changes from 2 to 4. Feenberg transformation is exploited to treat the divergence problems. It is found numerically that within the interval of Feenberg parameter there exists a minimum perturbation order at which the perturbation series become convergent. It is also found for the open-shell systems that the magnitude of the corresponding Feenberg parameter becomes larger as the spin multiplicity of the system of interest changes from 2 to 4.
Temperature-dependent formation of redox sites in molybdenum trioxide studied by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Tan Tian , Chen Ming , Su Ji-Hu , Du Jiang-Feng
Published: July 2019

The formation and qualification of redox sites in transition metal oxides are always the active fields related to electronics, catalysis, sensors, and energy-storage units. In the present study, the temperature dependence of thermal reduction of MoO3 was surveyed at the range of 350 °C to 750 °C. Upon reduction, the formed redox species characterized by EPR spectroscopy are the MoV ion and superoxide anion radical (O2−) when the reduction was induced at the optimal temperature of 300−350 °C. When heating-up from 350 °C, the EPR signals started to decline in amplitude. The signals in the range of 400−450 °C decreased to half of that at 350 °C, and then to zero at ∼600 °C. Further treatment at even higher temperature or prolonged heating time at 500 °C caused more reduction and more free electrons were released to the MoO3 bulk, which results in a delocalized means similar to the anti-ferromagnetic coupling. These data herein are helpful to prepare and study the metal-oxide catalysts.
Memes and the media narrative
Authors: Wiggins Bradley E.
Published: July 2019

This article presents the results of a critical discourse analysis of internet memes. This analysis considers the highly visual nature of internet memes situated in a context of meme-as-utterance prompting other remixed versions as memes-as-responses. Prior to the analysis an orientation to pragmatics as related to internet memes is presented. Following this is an overview of memes research and a necessary discussion of the role of media narratives in the construction and dissemination of internet memes. Finally, a series of memes tweeted in response to Nike’s inclusion of former National Football League player, Colin Kaepernick, in its Just Do It anniversary campaign, serves as the corpus of analysis.
Microstructure and formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet under continuous pulse current
Authors: Zhang Xuewen , Zhu Xingxiao , Chen Zhiqing , Cui Xiao-Lei , Lin Peng , Wang Lifei , Cao Xiaoqing
Published: July 2019

Utilising electropulsing treatment (EPT) to improve the formability of metals is of paramount importance for engineering applications. The effects of EPT on the microstructure and formability of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet were investigated. The results indicated that the microstructure and mechanical properties were slightly improved with the increase of current density, while the formability was promoted distinctly. Besides, the formability of the specimen after EPT was better than that of the specimen annealed at the same temperature, which indicated that pulse current can effectively increase the formability of the sheet. Further studies confirmed that the athermal effect caused by the pulse current made great contribution to the dislocation mobility and improved the formability of the sheet.
Development of graphene-chitosan composite modified screen-printed carbon electrode and its application for detection of rutin
Authors: Wahyuni W T , Arif Z , Maryam N S
Published: July 2019

Graphene is a prospective material for sensing devices due to its excellent electronic, thermal, and mechanical properties. In this study, low oxygen graphene was synthesized from graphite and nitronium ion using a microwave-assisted method. Graphene was dispersed into 0.05% chitosan solution and deposited by drop casting method on to screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to form graphene-chitosan composite modified SPCE (SPCE-G-chit). The electrochemical performance of SPCE-G-chit was evaluated using flavonoid 3’,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone-3β-D-rutinoside (rutin). SPCE-G-chit provides linearity with R2
of 0.9944 for rutin measurement in the concentration range of 5× 10−7 to 1× 10−5 M. Meanwhile, the linearity of rutin at SPCE was lower (R2
0.9396). Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of rutin measurement at SPCE-G-chit was lower (0.23 µM and 0.58 µM, respectively) compare to SPCE (LOD = 0.69 µM and LOQ = 1.75 µM, consecutively). The accuracy of rutin measurement at SPCE-G-chit was 99.45% while the accuracy of rutin measurement at SPCE was 72.18%. The result indicated that SPCE-G-chit provides superior analytical performance than SPCE and potential for electrochemical sensor development.
Optimation of Alkoxide formed step on Carboxymethyl Kappa Carrageenan synthesis
Authors: Kusumaningrum I K , Wijaya A R , Marfuah S , N Fadilah M
Published: July 2019

Carboxymethylation of kappa carrageenan with mono-chloroacetic acid as a reactant had been synthesized to produce carboxymethyl kappa carrageenan (CMKC). Carboxymethylation of kappa carrageenan was obtained in two steps. First, alkalization of k-carrageenan with NaOH to create alkoxy k-carrageenan, and optimization of the alkalization step, the optimization had been done include the mass ratio between NaOH and k-carrageenan and alkalization’s temperature, second, etherification of alkoxy k-carrageenan with Monochloroacetic acid (MCA) as etherification reactant, to produce CMKC. The optimal condition (2) characterization of the CMKC properties, including the degree of substitution (DS) and FTIR spectrum. The optimal condition was based on the formed degree of substitution(DS) of CMKC. The alkalization of k-carrageenan has been performed on three variations of mass ratio between NaOH: kappa carrageenan flour that dispersed in isopropanol, and then the mass ratio of NaOH: k-carrageenan that has the highest DS was used in the experiment to find the optimal alkalization temperature. To find the optimal temperature, the alkalization was performed at, 40°, 55° and 70°. The CMKC that has the highest DS value was produced when the mass ratio between NaOH mass: kappa carrageenan is 7,2:1, and the temperature of alkalization is 70°C, The DS value that reached when the CMKC synthesis had been done on the optimal alkalization condition is, 0,85.
The association of Cyp1A1 gene polymorphisms with Cyp1A1 enzymes, p53 protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor levels in pterygium
Authors: Hendriati
Published: July 2019

CYP1A1 gene, a carcinogenic metabolisms enzymes encoded gene, was previously found to be detected in pterygium tissue. We aimed to determine the association between CYP1A1m1 (rs4646903) polymorphisms with CYP1A1 enzymes, p53 protein, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level in patients with inflammatory and non-inflammatory pterygium. DNA isolation was performed from a blood sample of 70 pterygium patients consisting of 35 inflammatory and 35 non-inflammatory pterygia. Rs 4646903 SNP Genotyping T> C (m1) in the CYP1A1 gene was performed using restriction fragment length polymorphisms-PCR (RFLP-PCR). PCR products confirmed and sent to Macrogen, South Korea for sequencing. Polymorphism results are characterized as wild type (TT), mutant homozygote (TC), and mutant heterozygote (CC). CYP1A1 gene polymorphisms consist of mutant heterozygote (TC), mutant homozygote (CC) and wild type (TT). In both groups, the heterozygote mutant was higher than the wild type and mutant homozygote. The CYP1A1 enzyme level was higher in inflammatory pterygium, P53 protein levels were higher in the non-inflammatory group, and VEGF levels were higher in the inflammatory group. CYP1A1 polymorphisms were not associated with CYP1A1 enzyme levels, p53 protein levels, and VEGF in both groups. CYP1A1 gene polymorphism has not been shown to be associated with levels of CYP1A1 enzymes, p53 and VEGF in both pterygium groups.
Population and activities of curculionids beetle in snake fruit (Salacca zalacca)
Authors: S Apriniarti M , Suryobroto B , Atmowidi T , Kahono S , Manalu W
Published: July 2019

Snake fruit (Salacca zalacca), an Indonesian native palm, has high economic value. This plant has a dioecious inflorescence. At the present time, pollination of snake fruit plants was still conducted by a human. Until now, some insect visitors as a pollinator of the plants were reported, such as stingless bees (Apidae) and curculionid beetles (Curculionidae). In this study, we study the population and activities of curculionid beetles in snake fruit plantations. Three plantations of snake fruit in Sumatera were used to observe beetle populations, i.e., Gunung Leuser National Park (Aceh), Padang Sidempuan (Medan), and Riak Siabun (Bengkulu). The sampling method was used to measure beetle populations by observed directly beetle population on the panicle (flowers). Observation of beetle activities was done by purposive sampling method in 08.00-12.00 am. Results showed that the highest beetle population (23096 individuals) occurred in Riak Siabun, Bengkulu. The highest visiting activity of beetle occurred in the morning.
Total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of water and ethanol extract from Surian (Toona sinensis) leaves
Authors: Maulana T I , Falah S , Andrianto D
Published: July 2019

Surian (Toona sinensis) is a forest plant that is widespread in Asia. In Indonesia, this plant only used and known as a commodity for carpentry but in other nation, saurian is known as spices and traditional medicine because of its natural antioxidant potential. The objective of this study was assayed total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, and antioxidant activity from Surian leaves. Surian leaves were extracted by water and ethanol solvent. Water extraction was conducted by reflux in 90 °C then ethanol extraction was conducted by maceration, which is through various concentration 70%, 80%, 90%, and 96% of ethanol. Total phenolic content varied from 276.62 to 444.68 (mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content ranged from 209.23 to 324.61 (mg QE/g). Antioxidant activity of the water and ethanol extracts was evaluated using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil) radical scavenging method. Total phenolic and flavonoid content of ethanol 90% extract and ethanol 96% extract had a higher amount than the other. The ethanol 96% extract had the strongest DPPH inhibition concentration 50% (IC50), which is 3.38 μg/mL while ascorbic acid is 3.90 μg/mL as a comparison. Antioxidant activity had a strong correlation with total flavonoid content.
Empowerment of women farmers on sustainable food Security with dynamics system modelling (in Nagari Koto Tuo, Harau Sub-district, Limapuluh Kota Regency, West Sumatera)
Authors: Ibrahim H , Yanti R
Published: July 2019

Based on Observation in Nagari Koto Tuo showed that empowerment of women farmer group in food security has not been optimal yet. The indicators are: 1) the education of respondents is dominated by the elementary school (42.17%), thus greatly affect to food pattern and serving meal menu; 2) land productivity less than 0.5 ha is 71% and depends on rainwater (68%), 3) family expenditure is allocated mostly for food with calorie consumption less than 2100 kilocalories (63.66 %) and, only 36.7 % is a requirement of nutritional adequacy and mostly nutritional status are not ideal. The descriptions are indicated that the role of Nagari institution with the support of local wisdom is not optimal. Consequently, the management of food security has not been sustainable. The purpose of this study is the creation of a dynamic system model of empowerment of women farmers through several interventions. The research method is surveyed with observation and interview. The system dynamics (2018-2028) model is simulated by increasing the synergy intervention of women empowerment function and Nagari institutional for Nagari women’s role (Bundo Kanduang). The intervention can be improved household welfare and can be reduced the poverty rate. The Implementation of the model is actualized by the empowerment of women farmers program according to carrying capacity environmental and local wisdom.
A comparative study of multivariate Fay-Herriot model for small area estimation in various sample sizes
Authors: Nurizza W A , Ubaidillah A
Published: July 2019

In general, surveys are designed for large areas with sufficient sample size. If the survey is used for small areas in which the sample sizes are not sufficient, the results of estimates may not be reliable due to the large standard error. Therefore, a Small Area Estimation (SAE) method was developed, to increase the effectiveness of the sample size by borrowing the strength of the neighboring region and information from the auxiliary variables that have a strong relationship with the observational variable. This study aims to analyze the SAE using Multivariate Fay-Herriot (MFH) model and Univariate Fay-Herriot (UFH) model for a variety of sample sizes. Simulations were conducted by using household expenditure per capita of food group and non-food group data from Susenas on March 2017. The simulation results showed that the average Root Mean Square Errors (RMSEs) using the MFH models in various sample size are smaller than the UFH model and the direct estimation.
Clustering of protein-protein interactions (PPI) and gene ontology molecular function using Markov clustering and fuzzy K partite algorithm
Authors: A Kusuma W , F Ahmad H , Suryono M
Published: July 2019

Functional disorders of proteins in the human body can cause a certain disease. The function and role of the protein are represented by Gene Ontology (GO). In this study, the GO molecular function was used to enrich the analysis of protein-protein interaction (PPI). The relationship between PPI and GO molecular function was represented in a bipartite graph. In the pre-processing step, the PPI network was reduced using the Markov clustering algorithm to obtain the group of proteins with the highest modularity score. The fuzzy k partite algorithm was used to cluster the PPI network and GO molecular functions into several groups. The result of Markov clustering showed the accuracy of 84.6% compared to that of the same algorithm using the GIANT package on Cytoscape applications, one of the popular software for network analysis. Proteins obtained from Markov clustering results were used as inputs to obtain their related GO molecular function. Their relationship was represented as a bipartite graph which is used as an input for the fuzzy k partite algorithm. With the dataset of Diabetes Mellitus type II, the results of Markov clustering showed that there were 117 proteins and 328 related GO molecular function. With fuzzy k partite algorithm, the minimum cost for the bipartite graph is 594.175 at the 20 clusters of proteins and 29 clusters of GO molecular functions.
Outlook for carbon stock of tropical forest in the context of climate change
Authors: Dasrizal  , Rahmi  , Rezki A , Farida  , Ulni A Z P , Syafruddin Y S
Published: July 2019

There has been a large increase in understanding the relationship between aboveground forest biomass and climate change in recent years. Aboveground Biomass (AGB) estimation is very important in understanding the contribution of forests to the regional carbon cycle. AGB in tropical forest areas is often carried out by utilizing the transformation of the vegetation index because the value obtained is a combination of several channels in the image to highlight the appearance of vegetation. Difficulties in field surveys due to tropical forest field conditions transform the vegetation index calculation is an effective alternative approach to estimate biomass. The purpose of this study is to estimate biomass by utilizing remote sensing data to estimate carbon stock. The study was conducted on tropical forests in Solok Regency, West Sumatra Province. The method used is calculating the surface biomass content with the index value of each transformation of the vegetation index type. The results of this study show the level of accuracy and total carbon content of each transformation of the vegetation index type (NDVI, TNDVI, RVI, TRVI). NDVI is the best accuracy for estimating biomass density with R2 of 60%. The surface biomass estimates in Solok Regency as 115.6 tons/ha. The amount of stored surface biomass varies, depending on the level of greenness and the age of the vegetation.
Paecilomyces lilacinus and P.variotii as a predator of nematode and trematode eggs
Authors: Ahmad R Z , Sidi B B , Endrawati D , Ekawasti F , Chaerani
Published: July 2019

Paecilomyces lilacinus and P.variotii are molds that can control the parasitic worms for animals and plants. The molds have been used as biological control of plant nematodes and more commercialized, but for controlling animal trematode worm parasite has not been known. For the purposes of the experiments were tested in vitro the ability local isolates of P.lilacinus and P.variotii to reduce (predator) worm eggs of Meloidogyne sp and Fasciola gigantica. The tests carried out on the eggs of the two types of worms, by adding some eggs on P. lilacinus and P.variotii spores that have been inoculated in a petri dish. The experiments were performed during a specific time with the addition of isolates for a comparison test. The result of the test from this experiment was P. lilacinus is better than P. variotii to reduce types of those worms.
The effect of cymbopogon citratus essential oil on community dynamics of biofilm-forming bacteria isolated from brine water of oil reservoir in South Sumatra
Authors: Purwasena I A , Aditiawati P , Siwi I K , Fauziyyah N A
Published: July 2019

Biofilm induces an electric potential difference on metal pipelines of oil and gas industries which result in accelerated pipeline corrosion. This study evaluated Cymbopogon citratus essential oil nanoparticle performance as an antimicrobial to prevent metal corrosion. This study aims to determine C. citratus essential oil nanoparticle’s minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC), minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC), and its effect on bacterial community dynamics. C. citratus essential oil was encapsulated by ionic gelation. MIC, MBIC, and MBEC were determined by the microdilution method. Bacterial community dynamics were analyzed using Total Plate Count. Biofilm-forming bacteria were isolated from brine water of South Sumatra oil reservoir which identified as Pseudomonas sp. 1, Pseudomonas sp. 2, and Pannonibacter pragmithetus based on 16S rRNA sequence similarity analysis using NCBI-BLAST. C. citratus essential oil nanoparticle was successfully formed which was 174.1 nm in size, having MIC and MBIC value at 0.03%, and MBEC value at 0.06%. Pseudomonas sp. 1 was the most affected by essential oil nanoparticle exposure on planktonic phase while P. pragmithetus was the most affected on sessile phase. Based on this study, C. citratus essential oil nanoparticle has the potential to be an antimicrobial agent to prevent metal corrosion.
Morpho-physiological analysis of aquatic plants for phytoremediation of wastewater from gold mine wastewater treatment installation (IPAL)
Authors: Fathia S D , Hamim H , Triadiati T
Published: July 2019

Several types of aquatic plants have a potential role in reducing pollutants from contaminated water through phytoremediation processes. The purpose of this study was to analyze the capacity of aquatic plants in phytoremediation process of cyanide and heavy metals from gold mine liquid waste, based on the growth and heavy metal deposition in the root and shoot. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with two factors, i.e., the concentration of gold-mine wastewater (0%, 50%, and 100%) and the combination of two aquatic plants from 4 species (Eichhornia crassipes, Neomarica longifolia, Hydrilla verticillata, and Pistia stratiotes). The results showed that gold mine wastewater generally reduced the growth rate of all the plants, especially at 100% wastewater concentration. The treatment with gold mine wastewater caused an increase in lipid peroxidation specified by the increase of root and leaf MDA content, while it decreases leaf chlorophyll content significantly. The best combination of aquatic plants for gold mine phytoremediation was shown by N. longifolia – P. Stratiotes based on the smallest dry weight reduction and the greatest reduction of cyanide, Pb and Hg from the media.
Catalytic cracking of Jatropa curcas oil using natural zeolite of Lampung as a catalyst
Authors: Aziz I , Adhani L , Yolanda T , Saridewi N
Published: July 2019

The scarcity of fossil fuel has led to the development of renewable energy sources, such as biofuel from plant oils. Jatropha curcas oil is one of the potential plant oil sources of biofuel. The conversion of Jatropha oil into biofuel can be achieved through catalytic cracking using the catalyst of Lampung natural zeolite. This study aimed to characterize the catalyst, to determine the optimum condition of the catalytic cracking process and to study the physicochemical characteristic of biofuel. The study was begun by activating Lampung natural zeolite, characterizing the catalyst, optimizing the catalytic cracking process and testing the biofuel. XRD result showed that the activated natural zeolite has a crystal structure, as suggested by the appearance of high-intensity peaks at 23.72º; 22.38º and 27.96º, which showed the generation of H-zeolite. Thermogravimetry analysis showed that H-zeolite started to decompose at 300 ºC with 7.4% mass reduction and has thermal stability up until 700ºC. The surface area of the zeolite was 53.2542 m2/g. The optimum condition for the cracking process was achieved at 375 °C for 2 hours and 5 % concentration of catalyst. The biofuel generated from this study consisted of 67.12 % gasoline (C5-C11), 11.87 % kerosene (C12-C15) and 21.01 % diesel (C16-C20). This biofuel has a density of 0.966 g/mL and pours point of 235°K.
Growth of 3C-SiC phase on silica-carbon composite with the carbothermal reduction method
Authors: Ichsan S , Fuady M I A , Wahyuningsih S , Ramelan A H
Published: July 2019

Growth of 3C-SiC phase on silica-carbon composites has been conducted. Silica (95,48%) was obtained from rice husk purified using HCl then characterized with X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR). The carbon source was from activated carbon. Silicon carbide formation was synthesized using the carbothermal reduction method at temperature 1150 °C, 1300 °C, and 1450 °C. Characterization of silicon carbide phase was performed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis Spectrophotometer. The increased temperature on carbothermal reduction process related to the intensity improvement of 2θ phase 3C-SiC(111) which indicates that the 3C-SiC phase is increasingly formed. The 3C-SiC(220) phase crystallite size increased from 20.37 nm to 22.66 nm. The formation of 3C-SiC phase and crystalline size affected on the electronic properties of the synthesized material. The band gap decreased by the increased of 3C-SiC phase formed from ∼3,2 eV (1150 °C) to ∼2,7 eV (1300 °C) and ∼2,7 eV (1450 °C).
A finite element algorithm for solution of the natural vibration problem of electroelastic bodies with passive external electric circuits, interacting with a quiescent fluid
Authors: Lekomtsev Sergey , Oshmarin Dmitrii , Sevodina Natalya
Published: July 2019

In this paper we consider a mathematical statement of the problem on natural vibrations of piecewise-homogeneous electroelastic bodies with passive external electric circuits (shunting circuits) of arbitrary configuration and interacting with a quiescent fluid. The behavior of the piezoelectric body is described using the equations of electrodynamics of deformable electroelastic media in the quasi-static approximation. The motion of an ideal fluid in the case of small perturbations is considered within the framework of the acoustic approximation. Small strains in a thin plate are determined using the Reissner – Mindlin theory. The numerical solution is developed using the finite element method. The proposed algorithm is based on the approach, in which the global stiffness matrix generated with the aid of the ANSYS software package is decomposed into required constituents. The system of governing equations is constructed using the developed algorithm, which is realized in the FORTRAN language. Complex eigenvalues of the examined system are defined from the solution of the non-classic modal problem using the Mueller method. A thin plate with piezoelectric element located on the free surface of a layer of a quiescent fluid of finite size is considered as an example.