bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
National health insurance enrolment among elderly ghanaians: the role of food security status
Authors: Amoak Daniel , Braimah Joseph Asumah , Agyemang-Duah Williams , Sano Yujiro , Antabe Roger , Dassah Ebenezer
Published: July 2024

Older people with food insecurity in Ghana are often exposed to poor health conditions, highlighting the importance of the National health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) enrolment for ensuring they receive necessary medical attention through access to health care services. However, we know very little about the association between food insecurity and National Health Insurance Scheme enrolment among older people in Ghana. To address this void in the literature, this study uses a representative survey of adults aged 60 or older from three regions in Ghana (i.e., Upper West, Bono, and Greater Accra regions (n = 1,073)). We find that 77% of older adults reported not being enrolled into the NHIS. Results from logistic regression analysis show that older people who experienced severe household food insecurity were less likely to enroll in the National Health Insurance Scheme than those who did not experience any food insecurity (OR = 0.48 p < 0.001). Based on these findings, we argue that in addition to the traditional socioeconomic factors, addressing severe food insecurity may improve health insurance enrolment among older adults. Additionally, policymakers should also consider older people’s socioeconomic circumstances when formulating policies for them to enrol in health insurance.
Determinants of quality of life in French nursing home residents across cognitive levels: a comparative study using convergent mixed-methods
Authors: Cousi Christophe , Igier Valérie , Quintard Bruno
Published: July 2024

Background

The quality of life (QoL) of nursing home residents is multifaceted and influenced by relationships, health, and activities, as per research in international literature. However, studies exploring QoL predictors considering varying cognitive impairment levels are limited in the French context. This study examined the impact of sociodemographic factors and cognitive impairment on the QoL in Alzheimer’s Disease Nursing Homes (QoL-AD NH) scale scores among French nursing home residents. It further identified predictors through responses to qualitative semi-structured interviews. These elements were integrated and compared to understand more comprehensively the multifaceted determinants influencing residents’ QoL.

Methods

This mixed methods study used a cross-sectional convergent design, and quantitative and qualitative studies were carried out simultaneously. Using a generalised linear model and Kruskal–Wallis tests, the quantitative strand (N = 151) measured QoL with the QoL-AD NH scale and examined sociodemographic predictors of QoL. The qualitative strand (N = 78) involved semi-structured interviews with residents across four levels of cognitive functioning (no, mild, moderate, and severe impairment) and explored their QoL determinants through thematic analysis. Both strands were then integrated and analysed.

Results

Mild cognitive impairment and depression negatively predicted QoL-AD NH scores. For specific items, residents with mild cognitive impairment had lower “Ability to keep busy daily” and “Current life in general” scores than residents without cognitive impairment. Qualitatively, family relationships were indispensable for QoL across groups, but those with mild cognitive impairment complained about a lack of activities in nursing homes. The analysis identified convergent predictors and enriched our understanding of daily occupation. Theory comparisons revealed assessment limitations in psychological well-being.

Conclusions

A mixed approach provided a nuanced understanding of QoL, highlighting vulnerable groups and areas for improving assessment. Combining the results from standardised instruments with semi-structured interviews allowed us to capture a fuller range of experiences. The findings suggest a need to reconsider QoL assessment tools for nursing home residents and policies to address their needs regardless of their cognitive levels. They highlight the value of mixed methods for researching this multifaceted field.
Examining the trend of mortality of genitourinary system cancers in Babol, North Iran (2013–2021)
Authors: Ebrahimi Pouyan , Karami Mohsen , Hosseini-Berneti Seyed-Hossein , Lashkarbolouki Amir-Hossein , Keshtegar Sana , Ghezel Mohammad-Amin , Nikbakht Hossein-Ali
Published: July 2024

Background

Cancers of the genitourinary system, particularly prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer, exhibit a high prevalence. Consequently, predicting the morbidity and mortality of genitourinary cancers holds great significance for future planning and implementation. This study aimed to examine the crude and age-standardized rates of mortality and the trend of genitourinary cancers over nine years in northern Iran.

Methods

This cross-sectional study used data on the number of deaths attributed to genitourinary cancers recorded in Babol City between 2013 and 2021 through the cause of death registration and classification system. Population estimates were derived from the latest census reports. Subsequently, crude and age-standardized rates, as well as trends for genitourinary cancers, were calculated.

Results

A total of 307 deaths occurred, with an average age of 75.6 ± 14.3 years due to genitourinary cancers. The crude and age-standardized rates of genitourinary cancers increased from 2.7 and 1.9 per hundred thousand people in 2013 to 7.7 and 5.9 per hundred thousand people in 2021, respectively. Over the study period, death rates significantly rose for men (P < 0.001) and remained constant for women (P = 0.444). Examination of genitourinary cancers revealed an upward trend for bladder (P = 0.012) and prostate (P = 0.012) cancers, while a stable trend was observed for kidney (P = 0.070) and testicular (P = 0.139) cancers.

Conclusions

The age-standardized rate and trend of genitourinary cancers are rising. Consequently, this study emphasizes the importance of prevention through screening programs, raising awareness, and utilizing appropriate diagnostic methods.
What’s inside matters: an assessment of the family planning content of digital self-care platforms
Authors: Brittingham Sarah , Mitchell Lauren , Zan Trinity
Published: July 2024

Background

Digital technology has proliferated rapidly in low- and middle-income countries in recent decades. This trend will likely persist as costs decrease, dramatically expanding access to reproductive health and family planning (FP) information. As many digital tools aim to support informed choice among individuals with unmet contraceptive need, it is essential that high-quality information is provided. We set out to assess the accuracy and comprehensiveness of FP content in select user-facing digital self-care platforms.

Methods

We identified 29 digital tools in circulation between 2018–2021 and selected 11 that met our eligibility criteria for analysis. Referencing global guidance documents such as the Family Planning Handbook, Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, and the Digital Health for Social and Behavior Change High Impact Practice Brief, we developed an original rubric outlining 12 key content areas necessary to support informed, person-centered counseling. We applied this to each tool, enabling assignment of a numerical score that represents content accuracy and comprehensiveness across the 12 key areas.

Results

FP content of digital tools varied greatly in accuracy and comprehensiveness. Of the 12 identified key content areas, 5 were included in all 11 tools, while 6 were addressed inconsistently or not at all. Four content areas were the most accurate and comprehensive: complete list of modern methods, duration of protection, dual method use, and return to fertility. The lowest scoring content areas were side effect management, non-contraceptive benefits, effectiveness, side effects, and instructions for use.

Conclusions

Complete, accurate, and evidence-based FP content is a foundational element of quality digital self-care. Inaccuracies and omissions can impact individual user experiences and decision-making in critical ways. FP content quality should be verified before digital tools are scaled or researched at the programmatic level. From this exercise, we developed a checklist for use in conjunction with global guidance documents to improve future FP content of user-facing digital tools.
Brief communication: The rate of switching from first-line to second-line antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV in Aden City, Yemen
Authors: Al-Haidary Naif Mohammed , Radman Enas Abobakr
Published: July 2024

Background

Effective management of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial in combating the global HIV pandemic. This study, the first of its kind in Yemen, investigates the rate and determinants of switching from first-line to second-line ART among people living with HIV (PLWH) in Aden City, Yemen.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from PLWH who started first-line ART at Al-Wahda Hospital from 2007 to May 2022. PLWH in prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) programs, those already on second-line ART at enrollment, and those with less than 3 months of follow-up were excluded. Cumulative incidence curves and multivariable proportional hazards models were used to identify factors associated with switching, considering death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS version 26.

Results

Out of 149 PLWH, 18 (12.1%) switched to second-line ART with a cumulative incidence rate of 1.8 per 100 person-years. Significant factors for switching included being older than 33 years (HR: 1.45, 95% CI: 1.12–1.89), having WHO stage 3 disease (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.21–2.06), and being on a TDF-FTC-EFV-based first-line regimen (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03–1.77). This switching rate is consistent with rates observed in other resource-limited settings, indicating it is neither exceptionally high nor low compared to similar contexts​.

Conclusions

The study highlights key factors associated with switching to second-line ART in Yemen, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and continuous monitoring to enhance treatment outcomes. These findings are consistent with regional data from other resource-limited settings.
Analysis of convergence between a unified One Health policy framework and imbalanced research portfolio
Authors: Vors Lisa , Raboisson Didier , Lhermie Guillaume
Published: July 2024

The One Health (OH) approach is collaborative, multisectoral, and transdisciplinary, acknowledging the interdependence among animal, human and environmental health. It has garnered attention within the scientific community, particularly in response to the rising prevalence and global spread of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Common OH issues include zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance (AMR), food and water safety, and the human-animal bond. Among various OH topics, AMR represents a well-described, long-term, complex issue, with a substantial global death toll and large economic costs. Whereas interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary teamwork seems appropriate to address such complex challenges, effects on knowledge production are poorly known. In this study, we investigate how the scientific community mobilizes “One Health.” A comparative bibliometric analysis of OH and AMR research enabled us to assess the level of transdisciplinary research, identify emerging themes, through a co-occurrence network analysis of keywords, and disciplines mobilized, through a co-citation network analysis of scientific journals, in research, as well as level of international collaboration through analysis of co-authorship among countries. We detected a lack of consideration for non-communicable diseases (e.g., obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases) and the well-being of human and animal populations in analysis of themes. Furthermore, although many disciplines are involved in OH and AMR research, little attention was given to social sciences, environmental health, economics, and politics. There was a strong influence of major global economic powers, including the United States and China, in scientific research on OH and AMR, as well as substantial collaboration among European countries. The present results indicated that guidelines are needed to address the mentioned concerns, and specific funds are required for underrepresented countries.
Occupational hazards among healthcare workers in Tanzania: a scoping review
Authors: Lyakurwa Dennis M. , Khalfan Seif S. , Mugisha John , Yao Weiguang
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The implementation of occupational health and safety (OHS) measures among healthcare workers in Tanzania is suboptimal, mainly due to a lack of adequate resources. This study aimed to map the available research and identify research gaps on occupational hazards among healthcare workers in Tanzania.

Methods

A scoping review was conducted by searching relevant articles in MEDLINE, Scopus, Science Direct and Web of Science electronic databases. A total of 29 studies were included, and the data were extracted from these studies.

Results

Healthcare workers in Tanzania are exposed to biological, psychosocial, ergonomics, physical and chemical hazards. The majority of the literature involved biological hazards (71%), and research on other hazards was limited.

Conclusion

OHS need to become a priority public health issue to protect healthcare workers in Tanzania. More research is needed to understand the determinants of this problem in Tanzania.
Potential use of other starch sources in the treatment of glycogen storage disease type Ia – an in vitro study
Authors: Monteiro Vaneisse , Colonetti Karina , Pagno Carlos Henrique , Schmidt Helena OS , Sperb-Ludwig Fernanda , Oliveira Bibiana Mello de , Poloni Soraia , Rios Alessandro O , de Souza Carolina F Moura , Schwartz Ida Vanessa Doederlein
Published: July 2024

Background

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) is one of the most common hepatic GSD. Its treatment mainly consists of a diet including a high intake of slow-digestion carbohydrates such as raw cornstarch and the restriction of simple sugars. This enables the maintenance of euglycemia and prevents secondary metabolic disorders. Starch is a glucose polymer formed by amylose and amylopectin, which can be obtained from distinct sources. Although uncooked cornstarch has been successfully used in the treatment of GSD-Ia, it can lead to hyperglycemia and weight gain. in vitro andin vivo tests indicated that sweet manioc starch can be potentially used in the treatment of GSD-Ia.

Results

The moisture analysis revealed a variation from 10.3 to 12.8% in the sweet manioc starch samples, whereas the moisture content of uncooked cornstarch ranged from 7.3 to 11.1%. Quantifiable sugar was detected in 3/5 samples of sweet manioc starch and 1/3 samples of uncooked cornstarch. Notably, this uncooked cornstarch brand is widely employed in GSD-Ia treatment in Brazil. Products B and E had higher values of amylopectin and undetectable levels of sugars. A clinical trial is warranted to compare samples F and G and determine the impact of sugar trace in the same dietary source of starch.

Conclusions

Collectively, the results demonstrated possible therapeutic alternatives for GSD-Ia in addition to traditional uncooked cornstarch.
Astrocyte reactivity is associated with tau tangle load and cortical thinning in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Guo Tengfei , Li Anqi , Sun Pan , He Zhengbo , Cai Yue , Lan Guoyu , Liu Lin , Li Jieyin , Yang Jie , Zhu Yalin , Zhao Ruiyue , Chen Xuhui , Shi Dai , Liu Zhen , Wang Qingyong , Xu Linsen , Zhou Liemin , Ran Pengcheng , Wang Xinlu , Sun Kun , Lu Jie , Han Ying
Published: July 2024

Background

It is not fully established whether plasma β-amyloid(Aβ)42/Aβ40 and phosphorylated Tau181 (p-Tau181) can effectively detect Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology in older Chinese adults and how these biomarkers correlate with astrocyte reactivity, Aβ plaque deposition, tau tangle aggregation, and neurodegeneration.

Methods

We recruited 470 older adults and analyzed plasma Aβ42/Aβ40, p-Tau181, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light (NfL) using the Simoa platform. Among them, 301, 195, and 70 underwent magnetic resonance imaging, Aβ and tau positron emission tomography imaging. The plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and p-Tau181 thresholds were defined as ≤0.0609 and ≥2.418 based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis using the Youden index by comparing Aβ-PET negative cognitively unimpaired individuals and Aβ-PET positive cognitively impaired patients. To evaluate the feasibility of using plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 (A) and p-Tau181 (T) to detect AD and understand how astrocyte reactivity affects this process, we compared plasma GFAP, Aβ plaque, tau tangle, plasma NfL, hippocampal volume, and temporal-metaROI cortical thickness between different plasma A/T profiles and explored their relations with each other using general linear models, including age, sex, APOE-ε4, and diagnosis as covariates.

Results

Plasma A+/T + individuals showed the highest levels of astrocyte reactivity, Aβ plaque, tau tangle, and axonal degeneration, and the lowest hippocampal volume and temporal-metaROI cortical thickness. Lower plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and higher plasma p-Tau181 were independently and synergistically correlated with higher plasma GFAP and Aβ plaque. Elevated plasma p-Tau181 and GFAP concentrations were directly and interactively associated with more tau tangle formation. Regarding neurodegeneration, higher plasma p-Tau181 and GFAP concentrations strongly correlated with more axonal degeneration, as measured by plasma NfL, and lower plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and higher plasma p-Tau181 were related to greater hippocampal atrophy. Higher plasma GFAP levels were associated with thinner cortical thickness and significantly interacted with lower plasma Aβ42/Aβ40 and higher plasma p-Tau181 in predicting more temporal-metaROI cortical thinning. Voxel-wise imaging analysis confirmed these findings.

Discussion

This study provides a valuable reference for using plasma biomarkers to detect AD in the Chinese community population and offers novel insights into how astrocyte reactivity contributes to AD progression, highlighting the importance of targeting reactive astrogliosis to prevent AD.
Application of circular statistics in temporal distribution of adult mosquitoes in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China, 2021–2023
Authors: Li Binghui , Fu Qiqi , Huang Yiqing , Sun Qintong , Zhao Chunchun , Ma Xiaofang , Liu Yantao
Published: July 2024

Background

Analyses of the temporal distribution of mosquitoes are presented in statistical charts, but it is difficult to prove in statistics whether differences in peak periods exist among different years or habitats. This study aimed to investigate the application of circular statistics in determining the peak period and a comparison of differences.

Methods

Surveillance of adult mosquitoes was conducted twice a month by light traps in five different habitats from March to November for 3 years (2021–2023) in Qingdao, Shandong Province, China. The Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to determine the differences in mosquito density among different years and habitats. Circular statistics and line charts were employed to determine the peak period and a comparison of differences.

Results

Among a total of 14,834 adult mosquitoes comprising five mosquito species from four genera, Culex pipiens pallens was dominant and accounted for 89.6% of the specimens identified. Aedes albopictus, Armigeres subalbatus, and Anopheles sinensis made up 5.7%, 4.2%, and 0.5%, respectively. Culex tritaeniorhynchus accounted for less than 0.1%. The mean mosquito density (females/trap night) for the trapping period was 10.3 in 2021, 5.6 in 2022, and 3.6 in 2023. Among five habitats, the highest mosquito density was 8.9 in livestock sheds, followed by 6.8 in parks, 5.9 in rural dwellings, 5.5 in urban dwellings, and 5.4 in hospitals. No statistically significant differences were found among different years (H = 1.96, d.f. 2, P = 0.376) and habitats (H = 0.45, d.f. 4, P = 0.978). Overall, the peak period of mosquito activity fell in the months from June to September. The peak period among 3 years differed significantly (F(2,7022) = 119.17, P < 0.01), but there were no statistically significant differences in peak period among different habitats (F(4,7020) = −159.09, P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Circular statistics could be effectively combined with statistical charts to elucidate the peak period of mosquitoes and determine the differences in statistics among different years and habitats. These findings will provide valuable information for mosquito control and public health management.

Graphical Abstract
DNA methylation and whole-genome transcription analysis in CD4+ T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients with or without renal damage
Authors: Liu Xiaomin , Zhou Siyu , Huang Mengjie , Zhao Ming , Zhang Weiguang , Liu Qun , Song Kangkang , Wang Xu , Liu Jiaona , OuYang Qing , Dong Zheyi , Yang Ming , Li Zhenzhen , Lin Li , Liu Yi , Yu Yang , Liao Simin , Zhu Jian , Liu Lin , Li Wenge , Jia Linpei , Zhang Aihua , Guo Chaomin , Yang LiuYang , Li Qing gang , Bai Xueyuan , Li Ping , Cai Guangyan , Lu Qianjin , Chen Xiangmei
Published: July 2024

Background

Lupus nephritis (LN) is the most common cause of kidney injury in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and is associated with increased mortality. DNA methylation, one of the most important epigenetic modifications, has been reported as a key player in the pathogenesis of SLE. Hence, our article aimed to explore DNA methylation in CD4+ T cells from LNs to identify additional potential biomarkers and pathogenic genes involved in the progression of LN.

Methods

Our study enrolled 46 SLE patients with or without kidney injury and 23 healthy controls from 2019 to 2022. CD4+ T cells were sorted for DNA methylation genotyping and RNA-seq. Through bioinformatics analysis, we identified the significant differentially methylated CpG positions (DMPs) only in the LN group and validated them by Bisulfite PCR. Integration analysis was used to screen for differentially methylated and expressed genes that might be involved in the progression of LN, and the results were analyzed via cell experiments and flow cytometry.

Results

We identified 243 hypomethylated sites and 778 hypermethylated sites only in the LN cohort. Three of these DMPs, cg08332381, cg03297029, and cg16797344, were validated by Bisulfite PCR and could be potential biomarkers for LN. Integrated analysis revealed that the expression of BCL2L14 and IFI27 was regulated by DNA methylation, which was validated by azacytidine (5-aza) treatment. The overexpression of BCL2L14 in CD4+ T cells might induce renal fibrosis and inflammation by regulating the differentiation and function of Tfh cells.

Conclusion

Our study identified novel aberrant DMPs in CD4+ T cells only in LN patients and DNA methylation-regulated genes that could be potential LN biomarkers. BCL2L14 is likely involved in the progression of LN and might be a treatment target.
Hypoxia-preconditioned WJ-MSC spheroid-derived exosomes delivering miR-210 for renal cell restoration in hypoxia-reoxygenation injury
Authors: Toghiani Reyhaneh , Azimian Zavareh Vajihe , Najafi Hanyieh , Mirian Mina , Azarpira Negar , Abolmaali Samira Sadat , Varshosaz Jaleh , Tamaddon Ali Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Background

Recent advancements in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) technology have paved the way for innovative treatment options for various diseases. These stem cells play a crucial role in tissue regeneration and repair, releasing local anti-inflammatory and healing signals. However, challenges such as homing issues and tumorigenicity have led to exploring MSC-exosomes as a promising alternative. MSC-exosomes have shown therapeutic potential in conditions like renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, but low production yields hinder their clinical use.

Methods

To address this limitation, we examined hypoxic preconditioning of Wharton jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) 3D-cultured in spheroids on isolated exosome yields and miR-21 expression. We then evaluated their capacity to load miR-210 into HEK-293 cells and mitigate ROS production, consequently enhancing their survival and migration under hypoxia-reoxygenation conditions.

Results

MiR-210 overexpression was significantly induced by optimized culture and preconditioning conditions, which also improved the production yield of exosomes from grown MSCs. The exosomes enriched with miR-210 demonstrated a protective effect by improving survival, reducing apoptosis and ROS accumulation in damaged renal cells, and ultimately promoting cell migration.

Conclusion

The present study underscores the possibility of employing advanced techniques to maximize the therapeutic attributes of exosomes produced from WJ-MSC spheroid for improved recovery outcomes in ischemia-reperfusion injuries.
Beamforming design for Star-RIS assisted secure wireless communication system under hardware impairments
Authors: Shahcheragh Seyedeh Reyhane , Mohamed-Pour Kamal
Published: July 2024

Simultaneous transmission and reflection reconfigurable intelligent surface (Star-RIS) has been recently introduced as one of the hopeful technologies in future communications. In this work, we investigate a beamforming design for Star-RIS-assisted secure wireless communications with two practical protocols, namely energy splitting (ES) and mode switching (MS). We assume that our transceivers are not ideal and have residual hardware impairments that lead to distortion noise. We aim to maximize the total secrecy rate by optimizing the beamforming in BS and Star-RIS under the limitation of transmission power consumption. The proposed non-convex optimization problem is solved via successive convex approximation and alternating optimization.
Sialkoti paper used by Pahari artists: raw materials and fibre analysis
Authors: Desvergnes Amélie Couvrat , Helman-Ważny Agnieszka
Published: July 2024

This study aims to characterise the so-called Sialkoti paper used to produce Pahari drawings preserved today in the Wereldmuseum in Leiden (Netherlands) (WML). These works originate from the Punjab Hills in India (today Himachal Pradesh) and are commonly known as ‘Pahari miniature paintings’. The paper upon which these drawings are executed is said to have been produced in Sialkot during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries when papermaking was an integral part of an overall regional economy correlated with other sectors such as agriculture and the textile industry. Although the term Sialkoti refers to identified papermills in Sialkot (now Pakistan), the paper from this region is yet to be subjected to a systematic study. This article therefore explores the paper(s) in question through macro- and microscopic observations of structure, pulp and fibres. The study of historical sources, complemented by the analysis of paper samples and fibre identification, has revealed that the pulp would have been prepared from a variety of manufactured products using different technologies, such as rags, cloth, mats, rope and other plant-based materials made from local bast fibres which, once tattered, were recycled to prepare the pulp. Microscopic study reveals that a variety of fibre combinations under different conditions and processing steps were used, in particular sunn hemp fibre (Crotalaria juncea L.), a plant species that has until now rarely been identified in historical paper. In addition, the presence of kenaf and jute fibres, as well as a significant quantity of cotton fibres, have also been demonstrated. To overcome the lack of comparative materials, our work was supported by a comparative study of several materials made from sunn hemp now held in the Ethnobotany Collection at Kew Gardens. Samples were taken from these materials and provided useful reference micrographs for the identification of the WML samples. The quality of the paper used by Pahari artists, as well as the raw materials available and their processing, are discussed in detail. Putting all the data, including technical and historical information into perspective, we conclude that the Pahari artists used a paper of inferior quality compared to other types of paper used for other purposes such as the creation of illuminated manuscripts in the Punjab plains. This study therefore provides useful analytical and material evidence that complements previous historical, technical and anthropological studies.
Development and validation of a machine learning-based 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT radiomics signature for predicting gastric cancer survival
Authors: Zhi Huaiqing , Xiang Yilan , Chen Chenbin , Zhang Weiteng , Lin Jie , Gao Zekan , Shen Qingzheng , Shao Jiancan , Yang Xinxin , Yang Yunjun , Chen Xiaodong , Zheng Jingwei , Lu Mingdong , Pan Bujian , Dong Qiantong , Shen Xian , Ma Chunxue
Published: July 2024

Background

Survival prognosis of patients with gastric cancer (GC) often influences physicians’ choice of their follow-up treatment. This study aimed to develop a positron emission tomography (PET)-based radiomics model combined with clinical tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging to predict overall survival (OS) in patients with GC.

Methods

We reviewed the clinical information of a total of 327 patients with pathological confirmation of GC undergoing 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18 F-FDG) PET scans. The patients were randomly classified into training (n = 229) and validation (n = 98) cohorts. We extracted 171 PET radiomics features from the PET images and determined the PET radiomics scores (RS) using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and random survival forest (RSF). A radiomics model, including PET RS and clinical TNM staging, was constructed to predict the OS of patients with GC. This model was evaluated for discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness.

Results

On multivariate COX regression analysis, the difference between age, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), clinical TNM, and PET RS in GC patients was statistically significant (p < 0.05). A radiomics model was developed based on the results of COX regression. The model had the Harrell’s concordance index (C-index) of 0.817 in the training cohort and 0.707 in the validation cohort and performed better than a single clinical model and a model with clinical features combined with clinical TNM staging. Further analyses showed higher PET RS in patients who were older (p < 0.001) and those who had elevated CEA (p < 0.001) and higher clinical TNM (p < 0.001). At different clinical TNM stages, a higher PET RS was associated with a worse survival prognosis.

Conclusions

Radiomics models based on PET RS, clinical TNM, and clinical features may provide new tools for predicting OS in patients with GC.
Three-step kinetic model for fisetin dye diffusion into fibroin fibre
Authors: Shukurlu Yusif , Shukurova Zarintaj
Published: July 2024

Background

The study’s relevance is determined by the current desire to reduce the negative environmental impact of the textile industry. The study aims to develop and optimise dyeing processes using natural dyes in the textile industry.

Results

The process of dye transfer from solution to Bombyx mori natural silk fibre can be divided into three successive kinetic stages. The first stage involves the adsorption of dye molecules on the active surface of the fibre, the second, their diffusion deep into the fibre towards its centre, and the third, the uniform distribution of dye molecules along the fibre starting from its centre. It is noticed that diffusion at the third stage slows down significantly, and the third stage lasts much longer than the first and second stages. The analysis of experimental data on dye concentration over time on dyed materials and their comparison with hypothetical data will make it possible to establish time intervals for each stage of the process and diffusion coefficients for each of them.

Conclusion

This study has practical implications as it may contribute to more efficient and sustainable dyeing of textile materials using natural dyes, helping to reduce the negative environmental impact of the textile industry, and contributing to our knowledge of diffusion and dyeing processes.
Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction and the role of cardiovascular imaging: systemic review and opinion paper from the Working Group on Cardio-Oncology of the Korean Society of Cardiology
Authors: Cho Iksung , You Seng-Chan , Cha Min-Jae , Hwang Hui-Jeong , Cho Eun Jeong , Kim Hee Jun , Park Seong-Mi , Kim Sung-Eun , Lee Yun-Gyoo , Youn Jong-Chan , Park Chan Seok , Shim Chi Young , Chung Woo-Baek , Sohn Il Suk
Published: July 2024

Cardio-oncology is a critical field due to the escalating significance of cardiovascular toxicity as a side effect of anticancer treatments. Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is a prevalent condition associated with cardiovascular toxicity, necessitating effective strategies for prediction, monitoring, management, and tracking. This comprehensive review examines the definition and risk stratification of CTRCD, explores monitoring approaches during anticancer therapy, and highlights specific cardiovascular toxicities linked to various cancer treatments. These include anthracyclines, HER2-targeted agents, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes therapies. Incorporating the Korean data, this review offers insights into the regional nuances in managing CTRCD. Using systematic follow-up incorporating cardiovascular imaging and biomarkers, a better understanding and management of CTRCD can be achieved, optimizing the cardiovascular health of both cancer patients and survivors.
Data, Competition, and Digital Platforms
Authors: Bergemann Dirk , Bonatti Alessandro
Published: July 2024

A monopolist platform uses data to match heterogeneous consumers with multiproduct sellers. The consumers can purchase the products on the platform or search off the platform. The platform sells targeted ads to sellers that recommend their products to consumers and reveals information to consumers about their match values. The revenue-optimal mechanism is a managed advertising campaign that matches products and preferences efficiently. In equilibrium, sellers offer higher qualities at lower unit prices on than off platform. The platform exploits its information advantage to increase its bargaining power vis-à-vis the sellers. Finally, privacy-respecting data-governance rules can lead to welfare gains for consumers. (JEL D11, D42, D44, D82, D83, M37)
Effect of predictive nursing based on risk early warning system on patients with acute respiratory failure in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Pan Mimi , Zhang Lizhong
Published: July 2024

Background & Objective: Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a life-threatening condition that necessitates intensive care and often results in high morbidity and mortality. Predictive nursing, combined with a risk early warning system, offers a proactive approach to patient care that could potentially improve outcomes in patients with ARF. However, the efficiency of this approach in intensive care settings is still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the effect of predictive nursing based on risk early warning system in patients with acute respiratory failure in intensive care unit (ICU) setting.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study included records of 368 patients admitted to ICU of a tertiary care hospital due to ARF from January 2021 to January 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the received care: standard care (control group, n=197) and predictive nursing care based on a risk early warning system (observation group, n=171). Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, complications, Acute Physiology, Age and Chronic Health Evaluation-II (APACHE-II) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores, and duration of hospitalization were collected and analyzed.
Results: The observation group exhibited significantly lower incidence of complications related to ventilator use and shorter durations of mechanical ventilation, ICU stay, and total hospitalization compared to the control group (p<0.001). Furthermore, patients in the observation group had significantly lower APACHE-II and SOFA scores and blood lactate levels at both one week and two weeks post-intervention.
Conclusion: Predictive nursing care based on a risk early warning system significantly improved clinical outcomes and reduced mortality rates in ICU patients with ARF. The results underscore the potential of integrating predictive nursing care into routine practice, thereby transforming the care paradigm for ICU patients with ARF. Future research should explore the applicability of predictive nursing for other clinical conditions and in various healthcare settings.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9506
How to cite this: Pan M, Zhang L. Effect of predictive nursing based on risk early warning system on patients with acute respiratory failure in Intensive Care Unit. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.8.9506
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Durvalumab-induced triple-M syndrome
Authors: Adeoye Femi Williams , Jaffar Nida , Surandran Sanggeeta , Begum Gulshad , Islam Mohammad Rafiqul
Published: July 2024

Background: While the use of immunotherapy has revolutionised the treatment of various cancers, it is often associated with a myriad of immune-related adverse effects. Case Presentation: In this article, we report a rare case of durvalumab-induced triple-M syndrome in a 69-year-old woman with stage III lung adenocarcinoma. She was admitted with profound generalised muscle weakness, myalgia, and exertional breathlessness, about a week into her second cycle of durvalumab, an immune checkpoint inhibitor. She had clinicopathological features of myositis, myasthenia and myocarditis with acute onset symptomatic tri-fascicular block on electrocardiogram, requiring urgent cardiology intervention. Durvalumab was discontinued and she was treated with a combination of high-dose steroids and intravenous immunoglobulin after which she had clinical and biochemical improvement, albeit with residual muscle weakness. Conclusion: Myocarditis-myositis-myasthenia complex is a rare side effect of immunotherapy which has been reported in other immune checkpoint inhibitors, but less so with durvalumab. We report this clinical case to raise awareness of this rare and potentially life-threatening adverse effect of this agent.
Depth Image Assisted Aiming for Scoring Goal in Wheeled Soccer Robot
Authors: Kusuma Hendra , Samhan Dzulfikar Ahmad , Tasripan Tasripan , Dikairono Rudy
Published: July 2024

Wheeled soccer robot, as an automatic robot, required to have an advanced decision making system based on information it grasp from its surrounding. One of the most crucial decision making ability is to determine aiming angle when it is scoring goal.This research will enhance the aiming ability for scoring goal by predicting unguarded area of goal. Combination of depth image and RGB image information will be used to predict the position of unguarded space in goal. This position will be converted into aiming angle for the robot. Intel Realsense D435i depth camera will be used to get RGB and depth image simultaneouslyBy using this method, the system is capable to predict unguarded area in all of 60 test points, with 1.3% average error for the predicted coordinate.
Advances in primary glomerulonephritis
Authors: Ellison Betsy , Cader Ruzaika , Willcocks Lisa
Published: July 2024

Primary glomerulonephritis comprises several renal-limited diseases that can cause haematoproteinuria, chronic kidney disease, nephrosis and end stage kidney disease. The most common of these are IgA nephropathy (IgAN), primary membranous nephropathy (PMN), Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and Minimal Change Disease (MCD). Although rare, these diseases cause a significant burden to health care systems, given the high cost of treating End Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) with dialysis or transplantation. Until recently, the pathogenesis of primary gloerulonephritis has remained obscure. However, recent advances in understanding of how these diseases evolve has led to the introduction of novel therapeutic agents. Trials are underway or have recently completed that have huge implications for the standard of care for the primary glomerulonephritidies, and should dramatically reduce the number of patients who progress onto end stage kidney disease. This article reviews the international Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines for the treatment of IgAN, PMN, FSGS and MCD, as well as recent research on pathogenesis and treatment.
Antipsychotic drug use in individuals with dementia: risks and alternatives
Authors: Palmer Sarah Jane
Published: July 2024

Sarah Jane Palmer looks at the risks associated with prescribing antipsychotic drugs to people with dementia and what other options could be used instead.
Metges catalans, herois i màrtirs, durant les epidèmies (i 2). Segles XX i XXI
Authors: Carrau i Bueno Ida , Pujol i Ros Joan
Published: July 2024

El present article és la segona part del publicat al númeroanterior de Gimbernat i té com a objectiu homenatjar tots aquellsmetges que durant les crisis epidèmiques a la Catalunya delssegles XX-XXI van auxiliar la població civil. Alguns d’ells van morirassistint els contagiats. Per aquest motiu, pels serveis prestats,van ser premiats amb la Creu d’Epidèmies, amb medallescommemoratives o diplomes, entre altres agraïments.
L’organització dels serveis psiquiàtrics de l’Exèrcit de l’Est (1936-1939)
Authors: Closa i Salinas Francesc
Published: July 2024

La Guerra Civil Espanyola evidencià les múltiplesdeficiències i mancances del sistema sanitari militar espanyol. Enel present article intentem copsar com el doctor Santiago Montserratdesenvolupà de nova planta una concepció sense precedents delsserveis psiquiàtrics militars adscrits a l’Exèrcit de l’Est, mitjançantla creació de clíniques especialitzades a Lleida i l’Espluga deFrancolí.
Dalí, les malalties de transmissió sexual i la dermatologia
Authors: Sierra i Valentí Xavier
Published: July 2024

Salvador Dalí i Domènech (Figueres, 1904-1989) va ser un pintor, dibuixant, escultor i escenògraf català. Una faceta poc coneguda de l’artista va ser la seva col·laboració amb una campanya contra les malalties de transmissió sexual (MTS) durant la Segona Guerra Mundial. L’especial aversió de Dalí a les MTS (veneriofòbia) ens suscita un comentari sobre l’origen i conseqüències dels seus traumes sexuals.
Living in Two Languages: Regimes of Language and Identity Constructions of Maltese-English bilinguals:
Authors: Jochimsen Marieke
Published: July 2024

Abstract: The study explores how the multi-layered language attitudes and ideologies of bilinguals born and raised in Malta are linked to space and individual identity construction. Through narrative interviews, it investigates the subjective experiences of bilingualism in Malta, addressing the following questions: How do bilingual Maltese-English speakers author their identities in terms of their language use? How do they construct categories of belonging and position themselves within the linguistic space? To what extent can linguistic spaces act as triggers for the creation of power structures, identity concepts and multilingual patterns? Through the analysis of participants' identity negotiations, this study demonstrates that space assumes a dual role, ‘constitutive’ and ‘constituting’, in shaping identity and language use. Employing strategies for self-positioning and external positioning, identity construction and membership categorisation participants show how language can act as ‘entrance fee’ to space, how different languages can constitute ‘bilingual selves’ of a ‘glocal’ identity and how transgression in space can act as renegotiating process of identity.
Optical computing at the subwavelength scale: a multifunctional MIM plasmonic logic gate
Authors: Haque Mohammad Ashraful , Rahad Rummanur , Faruque Md. Omar
Published: July 2024

Plasmonic logic gates are important components in integrated photonics. They are essential for high-speed Boolean computations and data transmission. For this purpose, an all-optical ultra-compact plasmonic logic gate is proposed in this paper. The design uses the metal–insulator–metal (MIM) configuration and the propagation of surface plasmon polaritons. The structure comprises three rectangular input slots coupled to the output slot through a rectangular resonator positioned on a gold (Au) surface with a footprint of 1000nm×800nm. The logic gate is numerically investigated using finite element method analysis. It has been demonstrated that the proposed design can operate as OR, XOR, NOT, and AND gates, and their transmission spectra for different input states are analyzed. This novel solution, to the best of our knowledge, excels in high contrast ratio values of 45.34 dB (OR), 18.29 dB (XOR), 18.29 dB (NOT), and 7.26 dB (AND). The resonant wavelengths of the logic gate are 821.21 nm (OR), 863.23 nm (XOR), 814.71 (NOT), and 787.69 nm (AND). The introduction of Au in this device significantly enhances its plasmonic properties, offering efficient light confinement, chemical stability, and a strong plasmonic response. This plasmonic logic gate not only expands the repertoire of integrated photonics components but also promises breakthroughs in high-speed data processing and communication technologies, positioning it as a crucial advancement in the field of nanophotonics.
Temperature dependence of Fe:ZnSe mid-infrared spectral and laser output properties under ∼4 µm radiation excitation
Authors: Říha Adam , Jelínková Helena , Doroshenko Maxim E. , Jelínek Michal , Němec Michal , Šulc Jan , Badikov Dmitry V.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the temperature dependence of the spectroscopic and laser properties of the Fe2+:ZnSe single crystal under excitation by radiation at a wavelength of ∼4.04µm. Excitation was supported by the Er:YAG laser (∼2.94µm) operated in the Q-switched or free-running (FR) mode that pumped the Fe:ZnSe laser cooled by liquid nitrogen to 78 K. This system generated radiation at the wavelength of ∼4.04µm. Temperature dependence of absorption, fluorescence spectra, and fluorescence decay time of Fe2+ ions was measured. The optimal temperature that allows efficient Fe:ZnSe laser system operation with maximum laser output energy was sought in both regimes. It was characterized at a repetition rate of 1 Hz with pulse durations of ∼175ns and ∼155µs in both modes, respectively. The highest laser output energies obtained with the crystal placed in the cryostat in gain-switched (GS) and FR modes were ∼385µJ at 260 K and ∼374µJ at 190 K, respectively. Maximum optical-to-optical efficiencies in the same modes were ∼13% at 260 K and ∼32% at 170 K, respectively. Wide laser radiation oscillation spectra depending on the temperature ranging from ∼4.3µm at 140 K to ∼4.9µm at 340 K obtained with a Gaussian-like beam spatial profile were demonstrated. Under atmospheric conditions at RT, this laser system reached a pulse energy of over 0.5 mJ at ∼4.78µm in ∼135ns pulses, which corresponds to a peak power of ∼3.9kW.