bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural selection in the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 in bats created a generalist virus and highly capable human pathogen
Authors: MacLean Oscar A. , Lytras Spyros , Weaver Steven , Singer Joshua B. , Boni Maciej F. , Lemey Philippe , Kosakovsky Pond Sergei L. , Robertson David L.
Published: March 2021

Virus host shifts are generally associated with novel adaptations to exploit the cells of the new host species optimally. Surprisingly, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has apparently required little to no significant adaptation to humans since the start of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to October 2020. Here we assess the types of natural selection taking place inSarbecovirusesin horseshoe bats versus the early SARS-CoV-2 evolution in humans. While there is moderate evidence of diversifying positive selection in SARS-CoV-2 in humans, it is limited to the early phase of the pandemic, and purifying selection is much weaker in SARS-CoV-2 than in related batSarbecoviruses. In contrast, our analysis detects evidence for significant positive episodic diversifying selection acting at the base of the bat virus lineage SARS-CoV-2 emerged from, accompanied by an adaptive depletion in CpG composition presumed to be linked to the action of antiviral mechanisms in these ancestral bat hosts. The closest bat virus to SARS-CoV-2, RmYN02 (sharing an ancestor about 1976), is a recombinant with a structure that includes differential CpG content in Spike; clear evidence of coinfection and evolution in bats without involvement of other species. While an undiscovered “facilitating” intermediate species cannot be discounted, collectively, our results support the progenitor of SARS-CoV-2 being capable of efficient human–human transmission as a consequence of its adaptive evolutionary history in bats, not humans, which created a relatively generalist virus.
DCMD: Distance-based classification using mixture distributions on microbiome data
Authors: Shestopaloff Konstantin , Dong Mei , Gao Fan , Xu Wei
Published: March 2021

Current advances in next-generation sequencing techniques have allowed researchers to conduct comprehensive research on the microbiome and human diseases, with recent studies identifying associations between the human microbiome and health outcomes for a number of chronic conditions. However, microbiome data structure, characterized by sparsity and skewness, presents challenges to building effective classifiers. To address this, we present an innovative approach for distance-based classification using mixture distributions (DCMD). The method aims to improve classification performance using microbiome community data, where the predictors are composed of sparse and heterogeneous count data. This approach models the inherent uncertainty in sparse counts by estimating a mixture distribution for the sample data and representing each observation as a distribution, conditional on observed counts and the estimated mixture, which are then used as inputs for distance-based classification. The method is implemented into ak-means classification andk-nearest neighbours framework. We develop two distance metrics that produce optimal results. The performance of the model is assessed using simulated and human microbiome study data, with results compared against a number of existing machine learning and distance-based classification approaches. The proposed method is competitive when compared to the other machine learning approaches, and shows a clear improvement over commonly used distance-based classifiers, underscoring the importance of modelling sparsity for achieving optimal results. The range of applicability and robustness make the proposed method a viable alternative for classification using sparse microbiome count data. The source code is available athttps://github.com/kshestop/DCMDfor academic use.
Structure-function analysis of fission yeast cleavage and polyadenylation factor (CPF) subunit Ppn1 and its interactions with Dis2 and Swd22
Authors: Benjamin Bradley , Sanchez Ana M. , Garg Angad , Schwer Beate , Shuman Stewart
Published: March 2021

Fission yeast Cleavage and Polyadenylation Factor (CPF), a 13-subunit complex, executes the cotranscriptional 3’ processing of RNA polymerase II (Pol2) transcripts that precedes transcription termination. The three-subunit DPS sub-complex of CPF, consisting of a PP1-type phosphoprotein phosphatase Dis2, a WD-repeat protein Swd22, and a putative phosphatase regulatory factor Ppn1, associates with the CPF core to form the holo-CPF assembly. Here we probed the functional, physical, and genetic interactions of DPS by focusing on the Ppn1 subunit, which mediates association of DPS with the core. Transcriptional profiling by RNA-seq defined limited but highly concordant sets of protein-coding genes that were dysregulated in ppn1Δ, swd22Δ and dis2Δ cells, which included the DPSΔ down-regulated phosphate homeostasis genes pho1 and pho84 that are controlled by lncRNA-mediated transcriptional interference. Essential and inessential modules of the 710-aa Ppn1 protein were defined by testing the effects of Ppn1 truncations in multiple genetic backgrounds in which Ppn1 is required for growth. An N-terminal 172-aa disordered region was dispensable and its deletion alleviated hypomorphic phenotypes caused by deleting C-terminal aa 640–710. A TFIIS-like domain (aa 173–330) was not required for viability but was important for Ppn1 activity in phosphate homeostasis. Distinct sites within Ppn1 for binding to Dis2 (spanning Ppn1 aa 506 to 532) and Swd22 (from Ppn1 aa 533 to 578) were demarcated by yeast two-hybrid assays. Dis2 interaction-defective missense mutants of full-length Ppn1 (that retained Swd22 interaction) were employed to show that binding to Dis2 (or its paralog Sds21) was necessary for Ppn1 biological activity. Ppn1 function was severely compromised by missense mutations that selectively affected its binding to Swd22.
Sunbathing, a possible risk factor of murine typhus infection in Greece
Authors: Labropoulou Stavroula , Charvalos Ekatherina , Chatzipanagiotou Stylianos , Ioannidis Anastasios , Sylignakis Panagiotis , Τaka Styliani , Karageorgou Ioulia , Linou Maria , Mpizta Giota , Mentis Andreas , Edouard Sophie , Raoult Didier , Angelakis Emmanouil
Published: March 2021

Background

There are few studies about the presence of murine typhus in Greece. Our objective was to conduct a large scale retrospective investigation to determine the clinical and epidemiological features of patients diagnosed with murine typhus in Greece.

Methodology/Principal findings

From 2012 to 2019 serum samples from hospitalized patients and outpatients throughout Greece suspected for murine typhus infection were tested by immunofluorescence assay for Rickettsia typhi. Immunofluorescence positive samples obtained since 2016 were also tested by qPCR targeting R. typhi. Clinical and epidemiological data were retrospectively collected for the patients with confirmed murine typhus. Overall, we tested 5,365 different patients and, in total, 174 patients from all geographic regions of Greece were diagnosed with murine typhus. The most frequently reported sign or symptom was fever (89%), followed by headache (84%) and rash (81%). The classical triad of fever, headache, and rash was present in 72% of patients during their illness. Severe infections with complications including acute renal failure or septic shock were not recorded. The majority of cases (81%) occurred during May–October and peaked in June and September. Most of patients (81%) infected in Athens, recalled that their only activity the last weeks before symptoms onset was swimming on the beach and 59% of them also reported an insect bite while sunbathing.

Conclusions/Significance

Our results may reflect the reemergence of murine typhus in Greece and we highlight the importance of awareness of this difficult-to-recognize undifferentiated febrile illness.
Mecamylamine inhibits seizure-like activity in CA1-CA3 hippocampus through antagonism to nicotinic receptors
Authors: Zapukhliak Olha , Netsyk Olga , Romanov Artur , Maximyuk Oleksandr , Oz Murat , Holmes Gregory L. , Krishtal Oleg , Isaev Dmytro
Published: March 2021

Cholinergic modulation of hippocampal network function is implicated in multiple behavioral and cognitive states. Activation of nicotinic and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors affects neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission and rhythmic oscillations in the hippocampus. In this work, we studied the ability of the cholinergic system to sustain hippocampal epileptiform activity independently from glutamate and GABA transmission. Simultaneous CA3 and CA1 field potential recordings were obtained during the perfusion of hippocampal slices with the aCSF containing AMPA, NMDA and GABA receptor antagonists. Under these conditions, spontaneous epileptiform discharges synchronous between CA3 and CA1 were recorded. Epileptiform discharges were blocked by addition of the calcium-channel blocker Cd2+ and disappeared in CA1 after a surgical cut between CA3 and CA1. Cholinergic antagonist mecamylamine abolished CA3-CA1 synchronous epileptiform discharges, while antagonists of α7 and α4β2 nAChRs, MLA and DhβE, had no effect. Our results suggest that activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors can sustain CA3-CA1 synchronous epileptiform activity independently from AMPA, NMDA and GABA transmission. In addition, mecamylamine, but not α7 and α4β2 nAChRs antagonists, reduced bicuculline-induced seizure-like activity. The ability of mecamylamine to decrease hippocampal network synchronization might be associated with its therapeutic effects in a wide variety of CNS disorders including addiction, depression and anxiety.
A pilot study of inflammatory mediators in brain extracellular fluid in paediatric TBM
Authors: Loxton Nicholas W. , Rohlwink Ursula K. , Tshavhungwe Mvuwo , Dlamini Lindizwe , Shey Muki , Enslin Nico , Figaji Anthony
Published: March 2021

Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most fatal form of tuberculosis and frequently occurs in children. The inflammatory process initiates secondary brain injury processes that lead to death and disability. Much remains unknown about this cerebral inflammatory process, largely because of the difficulty in studying the brain. To date, studies have typically examined samples from sites distal to the site of disease, such as spinal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. In this pilot study, we examined the feasibility of using direct brain microdialysis (MD) to detect inflammatory mediators in brain extracellular fluid (ECF) in TBM. MD was used to help guide neurocritical care in 7 comatose children with TBM by monitoring brain chemistry for up to 4 days. Remnant ECF fluid was stored for offline analysis. Samples of ventricular CSF, lumbar CSF and blood were collected at clinically indicated procedures for comparison. Inflammatory mediators were quantified using multiplex technology. All inflammatory markers, with the exception of interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-12p40, were detected in the ECF. Cytokine concentrations were generally lower in ECF than ventricular CSF in time-linked specimens. Individual cases showed ECF cytokine increases coinciding with marked increases in ECF glycerol or decreases in ECF glucose. Cytokine levels and glycerol were generally higher in patients with more severe disease. This is the first report of inflammatory marker analysis from samples derived directly from the brain and in high temporal resolution, demonstrating feasibility of cerebral MD to explore disease progression and possibly therapy response in TBM.
Anxiety, not regulation tendency, predicts how individuals regulate in the laboratory: An exploratory comparison of self-report and psychophysiology
Authors: Burr Daisy A. , Pizzie Rachel G. , Kraemer David J. M.
Published: March 2021

Anxiety influences how individuals experience and regulate emotions in a variety of ways. For example, individuals with lower anxiety tend to cognitively reframe (reappraise) negative emotion and those with higher anxiety tend to suppress negative emotion. Research has also investigated these individual differences with psychophysiology. These lines of research assume coherence between how individuals regulate outside the laboratory, typically measured with self-report, and how they regulate during an experiment. Indeed, performance during experiments is interpreted as an indication of future behavior outside the laboratory, yet this relationship is seldom directly explored. To address this gap, we computed psychophysiological profiles of uninstructed (natural) regulation in the laboratory and explored the coherence between these profiles and a) self-reported anxiety and b) self-reported regulation tendency. Participants viewed negative images and were instructed to reappraise, suppress or naturally engage. Electrodermal and facial electromyography signals were recorded to compute a multivariate psychophysiological profile of regulation. Participants with lower anxiety exhibited similar profiles when naturally regulating and following instructions to reappraise, suggesting they naturally reappraised more. Participants with higher anxiety exhibited similar profiles when naturally regulating and following instructions to suppress, suggesting they naturally suppressed more. However, there was no association between self-reported reappraisal or suppression tendency and psychophysiology. These exploratory results indicate that anxiety, but not regulation tendency, predicts how individuals regulate emotion in the laboratory. These findings suggest that how individuals report regulating in the real world does not map on to how they regulate in the laboratory. Taken together, this underscores the importance of developing emotion-regulation interventions and paradigms that more closely align to and predict real-world outcomes.
Long-term outcome in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage requiring mechanical ventilation
Authors: Chalard Kevin , Szabo Vivien , Pavillard Frederique , Djanikian Flora , Dargazanli Cyril , Molinari Nicolas , Manna Federico , Costalat Vincent , Chanques Gerald , Perrigault Pierre-Francois
Published: March 2021

Background

Patients affected with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) often require intensive care, and then present distinctive outcome from less severe patients. We aimed to specify their long-term outcome and to identify factors associated with poor outcome.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study in a French university hospital intensive care unit. Patients with aSAH requiring mechanical ventilation hospitalized between 2010 and 2015 were included. At least one year after initial bleeding, survival and degree of disability were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) via telephone interviews. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent factors associated with poor outcome defined as mRS≥3.

Results

Two-hundred thirty-six patients were included. Among them, 7 were lost to follow-up, and 229 were analyzed: 73 patients (32%) had a good outcome (mRS<3), and 156 (68%) had a poor outcome (mRS≥3). The estimated 1-year survival rate was 63%. One-hundred sixty-three patients patients (71%) suffered from early brain injuries (EBI), 33 (14%) from rebleeding, 80 (35%) from vasospasm and 63 (27%) from delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Multivariable logistic regression identified independent factors associated with poor outcome including delay between aSAH diagnosis and mRS assessment (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95-0.98; p<.0001), age (OR per 10 points, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.12-2.19; p = 0.008), WFNS V versus WFNS III (OR, 5.71; 95% CI 1.51-21.61; p = 0.004), subarachnoid rebleeding (OR, 6.47; 95% CI 1.16-36.06; p = 0.033), EBI (OR, 4.52; 95% CI 1.81-11.29; p = 0.001) and DCI (OR, 4.73; 95% CI, 1.66-13.49; p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Among aSAH patients requiring assisted ventilation, two-third of them survived at one year, and one-third showed good long-term outcome. As it appears as an independant factor associated with poor outcome, DCI shoud retain particular attention in future studies beyond angiographic vasospasm.
CLP290 promotes the sedative effects of midazolam in neonatal rats in a KCC2-dependent manner: A laboratory study in rats
Authors: Doi Akiko , Miyazaki Tomoyuki , Mihara Takahiro , Ikeda Maiko , Niikura Ryo , Andoh Tomio , Goto Takahisa
Published: March 2021

Immature neurons dominantly express the Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter isoform 1 (NKCC1) rather than the K+-Cl- cotransporter isoform 2 (KCC2). The intracellular chloride ion concentration ([Cl-]i) is higher in immature neurons than in mature neurons; therefore, γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor activation in immature neurons does not cause chloride ion influx and subsequent hyperpolarization. In our previous work, we found that midazolam, benzodiazepine receptor agonist, causes less sedation in neonatal rats compared to adult rats and that NKCC1 blockade by bumetanide enhances the midazolam-induced sedation in neonatal, but not in adult, rats. These results suggest that GABA receptor activation requires the predominance of KCC2 over NKCC1 to exert sedative effects. In this study, we focused on CLP290, a novel KCC2-selective activator, and found that midazolam administration at 20 mg/kg after oral CLP290 intake significantly prolonged the righting reflex latency even in neonatal rats at postnatal day 7. By contrast, CLP290 alone did not exert sedative effects. Immunohistochemistry showed that midazolam combined with CLP290 decreased the number of phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein-positive cells in the cerebral cortex, suggesting that CLP290 reverted the inhibitory effect of midazolam. Moreover, the sedative effect of combined CLP290 and midazolam treatment was inhibited by the administration of the KCC2-selective inhibitor VU0463271, suggesting indirectly that the sedation-promoting effect of CLP290 was mediated by KCC2 activation. To our knowledge, this study is the first report showing the sedation-promoting effect of CLP290 in neonates and providing behavioral and histological evidence that CLP290 reverted the sedative effect of GABAergic drugs through the activation of KCC2. Our data suggest that the clinical application of CLP290 may provide a breakthrough in terms of midazolam-resistant sedation.
Effect analysis of the driving factors of super-gentrification using structural equation modeling
Authors: Shi Jiangang , Duan Kaifeng , Xu Quanwei , Li Jiajia
Published: March 2021

The study of super-gentrification has important practical significance for maintaining social fairness, spatial justice and achieving sustainable urban development. In this article, 23 driving factors influencing super-gentrification are identified by literature research and Delphi method. Then, the 23 driving factors affecting super-gentrification are divided into four dimensions: political, economic, social and spatial dimension. On this basis, hypotheses are proposed and a structural equation model is established. Then, SPSS 25.0 and AMOS 24.0 software are used to test the reliability and validity of the questionnaire data, and the model results are fitted and modified. Finally, the optimization model and path coefficient of super-gentrification driving factors are calculated. The results of the study show that political factors, economic factors, social factors, and spatial factors, all play a positive role in the development of super-gentrification. Social factors are the fundamental factors to promote super-gentrification, political factors, economic factors, and spatial factors also play a key role in the super-gentrification process.
BlueFeather, the singleton that wasn’t: Shared gene content analysis supports expansion of Arthrobacter phage Cluster FE
Authors: Demo Stephanie , Kapinos Andrew , Bernardino Aaron , Guardino Kristina , Hobbs Blake , Hoh Kimberly , Lee Edward , Vuong Iphen , Reddi Krisanavane , Freise Amanda C. , Moberg Parker Jordan
Published: March 2021

Bacteriophages (phages) exhibit high genetic diversity, and the mosaic nature of the shared genetic pool makes quantifying phage relatedness a shifting target. Early parameters for clustering of related Mycobacteria and Arthrobacter phage genomes relied on nucleotide identity thresholds but, more recently, clustering of Gordonia and Microbacterium phages has been performed according to shared gene content. Singleton phages lack the nucleotide identity and/or shared gene content required for clustering newly sequenced genomes with known phages. Whole genome metrics of novel Arthrobacter phage BlueFeather, originally designated a putative singleton, showed low nucleotide identity but high amino acid and gene content similarity with Arthrobacter phages originally assigned to Clusters FE and FI. Gene content similarity revealed that BlueFeather shared genes with these phages in excess of the parameter for clustering Gordonia and Microbacterium phages. Single gene analyses revealed evidence of horizontal gene transfer between BlueFeather and phages in unique clusters that infect a variety of bacterial hosts. Our findings highlight the advantage of using shared gene content to study seemingly genetically isolated phages and have resulted in the reclustering of BlueFeather, a putative singleton, as well as former Cluster FI phages, into a newly expanded Cluster FE.
La eficacia de la enseñanza a distancia durante el confinamiento por COVID-19 en las zonas de baja cobertura de la España vaciada. El caso de Salamanca
Authors: Quicios García María del Pilar , Herrero Teijón Pablo , González Ocejo Patricia
Published: March 2021

La COVID-19 es la contracción del nombre de la enfermedad nacida en diciembre de 2019 en la ciudad china de Wuhan originada por el virus SARS-CoV-2 y origen de la primera pandemia mundial del siglo XXI según la OMS. La virulencia y gravedad de este virus ha tenido consecuencias en todos los ámbitos y costumbres de todo el planeta Tierra. En este artículo se presentan las modificaciones que la Covid-19 ha obligado a realizar en la docencia de la educación secundaria en una zona especialmente sensible de la Comunidad Autónoma de Castilla y León (la zona de sur y oeste de Salamanca de baja cobertura de la España vaciada). Para conocer cómo acomodar la docencia de esta zona geográfica en este nivel de enseñanza se realizó una encuesta a 294 alumnos escolarizados en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria con edades comprendidas entre 12-16 años. Igualmente se pasó la encuesta a las 261 familias de esos estudiantes. El objetivo de la encuesta era conocer con total transparencia la posibilidad de acceso de los estudiantes a las TIC para poder planificar el periodo de docencia no presencial derivado del confinamiento establecido por el Gobierno central. Los resultados de la encuesta aconsejaron modificar la enseñanza presencial por la enseñanza a través de la metodología de la enseñanza a distancia. Su oportuna puesta en marcha ha permitido desarrollar una auténtica y eficaz enseñanza personalizada e inclusiva que ha posibilitado a prácticamente la totalidad del alumnado de la España vaciada de la provincia de Salamanca superar el curso escolar 2019/2020.
Extra-Hepatic Biliary Obstruction - A Cross-Sectional Study to Assess the Various Benign and Malignant Causes for Obstructive Jaundice among Patients Attending Trivandrum Medical College
Authors: K.S. Swasthik , Sundaresan Preetha , Vijayan Varun
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND Extra-hepatic biliary tract obstruction can be due to a number of conditions. Most causes are due to stones in the common biliary duct or due to malignant obstruction. Malignant causes include carcinoma head of pancreas, periampullary carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma. Besides calculus and malignant obstruction, benign and malignant strictures can also cause obstruction of extra hepatic biliary ducts. The objectives of the study were to describe the clinical profile of patients presenting with extra-hepatic biliary obstruction and to assess the known aetiological factors. METHODS The research was designed as a hospital based cross-sectional study in the general surgery wards of our institution from 2016 to 2017. All individuals who were diagnosed to have extra-hepatic biliary obstruction by imaging were included in the study. RESULTS Among the 66 cases studied, majority were due to malignancies and gall stones. The malignancies included carcinoma head of pancreas, periampullary carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and Klatskin’s tumour. Miscellaneous causes were bile duct stricture, cholelithiasis with biliary sludge and annular pancreas. For the malignant cases, Whipple surgery and its pylorus-preserving variant were the most common surgical procedures carried out. Biliary bypass procedures were also carried out in some patients. For patients with common bile duct (CBD) stones, cholecystectomy, choledocholithotomy and choledochojejunostomy were done. CONCLUSIONS Malignant causes of jaundice are more common than benign causes. Secondary stones are the commonest cause of non-malignant biliary obstruction. Jaundice is more severe and associated with pruritis and more intolerable and persistent in malignancy. Surgical bypass procedures give good palliation for obstructive jaundice. KEY WORDS Bile Ducts, Choledocholithiasis, Cholestasis, Extra Hepatic, Pancreatic Cancer, Periampullary Cancer
Awareness & Knowledge of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics as a Dental Specialty amongst Medical Practitioners
Authors: Dahane Trupti M. , Patel Rupali Mukesh , Dubey Surekha Godbole , Mangal Kashish
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND The primary goal of a medical team for managing patients suffering from tertiary disease (cancer) is to eliminate the disease or to remove the underlying pathology. Also, restoration along with rehabilitation of the defect to boost the confidence and self-esteem of the patients must be done. Rehabilitation usually is considered as a part of prosthodontics i.e., maxillofacial prosthodontics. But the scope of maxillofacial prosthodontics as a specialty does not find recognition amongst the multidisciplinary medical team in dealing with maxillofacial defects. The objective of the study was to evaluate the awareness and knowledge of the maxillofacial prosthodontics amongst medical practitioners in and around Wardha city. METHODS A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted using a questionnaire. The validated questionnaire contained 14 questions, of which 13 were awareness based, and 1 was attitude based. It included relevant photographs. 219 medical practitioners working either in hospitals attached to educational institutes or private sector participated in the study. RESULTS The study reveals the percentage of medical practitioners who are aware about maxillofacial prosthodontics branch. Only 10.9 % were aware about maxillofacial prosthodontics as a branch of dentistry which deals with the restoration of maxillofacial defects. CONCLUSIONS The survey points towards a need to conduct awareness activities to make the medical practitioners aware of this fact. This will hopefully increase the patient’s referral with such defects to a maxillofacial prosthodontists or can include a maxillofacial prosthodontist as a part of multidisciplinary team that could benefit the patient for complete rehabilitation. KEY WORDS Prosthesis, Trauma, Defects, Rehabilitation
Caracterização dos Sistemas Aquíferos do Distrito Ferrífero de Itabira, Minas Gerais
Authors: Gonçalves José Augusto Costa , Pereira Pedro Henrique Rodrigues , Almeida Milena Stefany Lage
Published: March 2021

Este estudo pretende contribuir para o conhecimento hidrogeológico da região e o melhor entendimento do funcionamento deste sistema aquífero e de suas inter-relações com os demais aquíferos. A escolha desta região para o estudo baseou-se em um conjunto de características incluindo: a representatividade geológica, as grandes reservas de minério de ferro e os grandes empreendimentos minerários, existência de estudos realizados pelas mineradoras e importância das águas subterrâneas para o abastecimento de água do município. Foram identificados os seguintes sistemas aquíferos: Sistema Aquífero Coberturas Detríticas, Sistema Aquífero das Rochas Ultrabásicas, Sistema Aquífero Galho do Miguel, Sistema Aquífero Membro Campo Sampaio, Sistema Aquífero Sopa Brumadinho, Sistema Aquífero Gnáissico-Granítico, Sistema Aquífero Piracicaba, Sistema Aquífero Itabira, Sistema Aquífero Nova Lima, Sistema Aquífero Gnáissico-Granítico. Os poços mais produtivos são os perfurados nas formações ferríferas do Cauê, (Qmédia=41,75 m3/h)), seguidos pelos poços perfurados dos quartzitos do Grupo Piracicaba (Qmédia=34,01 m3/h) e, por fim, os poços menos produtivos são os perfurados nas rochas do Grupo Nova Lima e Complexo Granito-Gnáissico (Qmédia=13,30 m3/h).
CIRCUITOS DA ECONOMIA E O COMÉRCIO ATACADISTA NA RUA GOVERNADOR SAMPAIO/FORTALEZA (CE)
Authors: De Holanda Rolim Lucas , Cristina Bomtempo Denise
Published: March 2021

No período técnico-científico-informacional as mudanças ocorrem de forma veloz e em escala global, mas não atingem todos os lugares na mesma velocidade, diferenciando-os no espaço e no tempo. A leitura das atividades econômicas por via da economia urbana é uma das maneiras possíveis de interpretar a organização da atividade a qual deseja estudar. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo caracterizar o atual comércio atacadista desenvolvido na Rua Governador Sampaio, Centro da cidade de Fortaleza/CE, por meio da articulação dos circuitos da economia urbana, entendido como um elo imprescindível aos circuitos. Para alcançarmos os objetivos propostos, utilizamos os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: seleção das variáveis analíticas, secundárias e empíricas, levantamento bibliográfico e de dados; organização de banco de dados e trabalho de campo. A justificativa da análise parte do entendimento que o comércio atacadista desenvolvido na referida via é secular e teve sua origem na formação da praça comercial de Fortaleza, que atualmente é o seu Centro tradicional, e antecede às mudanças que o setor atacadista passou nos últimos vintes anos, metamorfoseando e coexistindo com as modernizações.
Palavras-chave: Circuitos da Economia; Comércio Atacadista; Rua Governador Sampaio.
Capital, Science, Technology
Authors: Wise Raúl Delgado , Niell Mateo Crossa
Published: March 2021

Capitalist modernity not only contains profound contradictions, but is also undergoing a significant transformation. Far from acting as a driving force for the development of social productive forces, it has become a parasitic entity with an essentially rentier and speculative function. Underlying this is an institutional framework that favors the private appropriation and the concentration of the products of general intellect.
Teaching physics with interactive computer simulation at secondary level
Authors: Rehman Nadia , Zhang Wanlan , Mahmood Amir , Alam Faiz
Published: March 2021

Early research investigated the students understanding of science concepts using physical equipment, such as visiting labs and performing experiments but due to the advancement of new technology, students now can learn complex science concepts through advanced means, such as iPad, smart books and simulations. In Pakistan, interactive computer simulation program is rarely used for teaching at the early ages. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the interactive computer simulation program PhET to teach weight and mass concepts to high school students. Quasi-experimental design was used to study the effect of the interactive computer simulation on studentsâ€™ physics concepts. Study also explored the studentâ€™s engagement with simulation to exercise high order thinking skills. The experimental group was taught with the interactive computer simulation program, and the control group was taught with traditional teaching method. There were five lessons each week, and the program was used for a month. Pre- and post-tests were designed for both experimental and control groups. Independent sample t-tests showed that the difference was significant between the mean scores of the experimental and control groups after the experiment (p
Investigating the relationship between self-esteem and stress coping styles with studentsâ€™ procrastination
Authors: Shamel Shamim , Nayeri Mahdi
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between self-esteem and stress coping styles with studentsâ€™ procrastination. The statistical population of the study is all high school female students in Mashhad City in the academic year of 2018-2019. Due to the high volume of the population, using the Karajsi and Morgan (1970), the sample size was 384. Subjects answered three questionnaires that are: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (1965), Andler and Parker's Stress Dealing Styles (1990), and Solomon and Rothblum Academic Procrastination (1984). Pearson Multiple Correlation coefficients were used for analyzing the data. The results showed that between self-esteem with procrastination and avoidance coping style with procrastination, is a significant relationship (p
Estudo sobre a aplicação de simuladores para apoio ao processo andragógico no treinamento continuado de profissionais
Authors: Valerio Netto Antonio
Published: March 2021

No Brasil, tanto para segurança privada, quanto pública (municipal, estadual e federal), as justificativas para o treinamento usando simuladores baseados em Realidade Virtual (RV) imersiva e não imersiva, ainda não foram suficientes para se tornarem populares e conquistarem uma aceitação sem a necessidade de uma força de lei federal. Em situações onde existe uma percepção da importância do treinamento continuado, esbarra-se ainda em custos, cultura de uso, metodologia, logÃ­stica etc. Diante dessa situação negativa, a proposta do artigo foi estudar o tema e entender o que realmente impede o uso da simulação baseada em RV para a qualificação e avaliação continuada de profissionais na área de segurança. Com o apoio do programa FAPESP PIPE High-Tech Entrepreneurial Training, foi possÃ­vel fazer uma pesquisa de campo e realizar entrevistas não estruturadas com profissionais da área de segurança. Foi aplicada uma abordagem chamada â€œGet out of the buildingâ€, idealizada pelo empreendedor Steve Blank. Com isto, é possÃ­vel compreender melhor quais as principais dores e dificuldades, além de levantar direções de como melhorar as chances da tecnologia ser acolhida pela área de segurança.
Fatores crÃ­ticos de sucesso e sua influência na prática docente
Authors: Araujo Nino Ferraz
Published: March 2021

Este estudo analisou e identificou os Fatores CrÃ­ticos de Sucesso que mais influenciam a prática docente. Estes fatores envolveram aspectos como: ferramentas de ensino, qualidade percebida, treinamento e bem-estar psicológico. O objetivo foi contribuir com dados que corroborassem com o desenvolvimento das práticas docentes no ambiente escolar, refletindo no melhor desempenho dos alunos. Foi constatado que o uso dos Fatores CrÃ­ticos de Sucesso (FCS) pode influenciar positivamente o desempenho do docente, e que também ao melhorar sua gestão em sala de aula, seu rendimento profissional é aumentado. Os referenciais teóricos utilizados foram os Fatores CrÃ­ticos de Sucesso de Rockart (1979) e a qualidade percebida de Parasuraman et al. (1990). Os instrumentos empregados para a análise foram o Kolmogorov-Smirnov (1979), para identificar e descrever os Fatores CrÃ­ticos de Sucesso que auxiliaram na prática docente, e o Servqual de Parasuraman et al. (1990), para analisar a qualidade do serviço dos professores, percebida pelos gestores escolares. Como o método Kolmogorov-Smirnov tem aplicação simplificada, a LÓGICA PARACONSISTENTE foi também empregada, pois permite, segundo Bispo e Cazarini (2006) o tratamento com naturalidade de divergências, inconsistências e contradições, além de permitir a obtenção de resultados mais precisos e próximos da realidade. Este trabalho se restringiu Ã s dez melhores escolas da cidade de Niterói, de acordo com conceito no Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM). Essa delimitação faz com que os resultados obtidos estejam sujeitos a padrões como comportamento e exigências do mercado. Esperou-se também, além de agregar valor Ã  literatura vigente, estimular os estudos em torno do tema proposto, visando cada vez mais auxiliar os docentes na eficácia das suas ações no âmbito escolar.
Medindo atitudes sexistas ambivalentes em relação Ã s mulheres em instituições de ensino superior
Authors: Ferreira Neto Macário Neri , Castro Jéssyca Lages de Carvalho , Pitombeira Renata Torquato de Araújo
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho teve como objetivo mensurar o nÃ­vel de sexismo entre estudantes e funcionários de Instituições de Ensino Superior. O sexismo advém dos estereótipos e preconceitos sofridos pelas mulheres, não só o como forma de distingui-las entre os homens. Neste estudo, a amostra constou de cento e quarenta e um alunos universitários e colaboradores destas Instituições. A pesquisa ocorreu nas instalações de três Instituições de Ensino Superior, durante o trânsito das pessoas nas dependências, nas quais foram abordadas aleatoriamente para responderam o questionário, sendo os dados tratados com programas estatÃ­sticos. Como principais resultados se tem a existência do sexismo entre as mulheres, os discentes apresentaram valores sexistas maiores dos que não estudavam e os solteiros e mais jovens são mais preconceituosos.
The psychological and philosophical typology of personality by René Le Senne as the foundation of personal and existential pedagogy by Janusz Tarnowski
Authors: Śliwerski Bogusław
Published: March 2021

The analysis included the reception of René Le Senne’s theory of personality by  psychology and pedagogy of the second half of the 20th century. The work reveals  the extraordinary topicality of the typology in modern times, with still the observed  lack of cooperation between psychologists and educators dealing with pedagogical  axiology, the theory of upbringing and education. The typology survived thanks to  the treatises of an outstanding scientist – Professor Janusz Tarnowski, whose dissertations in the field of personal-existential pedagogy of dialogue are reconstructed in  this work and supplemented with philosophical interpretation by Tadeusz Gadacz  in order to understand why the Le Senne’s typology is absent from social sciences  and humanities as the basis for modern upbringing and self-education.
“Life Goes On” – everyday life of children with Down syndrome and their families – selected aspects.
Authors: Lipińska-Lokś Jolanta
Published: March 2021

The birth of a child is a major event in family life, which makes parents take on an important role in their lives, characterised by new tasks, chief among which are the care and upbringing of their offspring. Unfortunately, in many families, some factors emerge that may affect their functioning, disrupt the course of family life, and leave a permanent mark on the family’s history. Such a situation can be difficult for many –and many parents find the process of accepting a child with a disability (Down syndrome) and themselves as parents of a child with Down syndrome a long and arduous journey, since taking care of a child, upbringing and supporting their development is an issue in itself, but also a challenge for parents. In many cases, both the child and their parents need support in their daily life, ensuring their high quality of life. The objective of this study is to outline the functioning of families of children with Down syndrome. Due to the complex nature of the issue at hand, only selected aspects of the functioning of families were diagnosed, showcasing the changes in the family life and its functioning as a result of the birth of children with Down syndrome. The study was based on qualitative methodologies, by analysing individual cases using interview technique and interview dispositions. The research group comprised 10 families of children with intellectual disabilities, and the interviewed group was made up of 10 mothers and 3 fathers in Zielona Góra.
Interventions of Teachers Applying the Principles of Inclusive Education in the Event of Outbreak of Impulsive Aggression in Students with Special Educational Needs (SEN)
Authors: Baranowska Wanda
Published: March 2021

Aggressive behaviour of students with SEN is a real challenge for teachers who follow the principles of inclusive education. A superficial judgement of such incidents by the society is easily disseminated, and weakens the teacher’s sense of competence and professional prestige. This article presents the results of a qualitative analysis of teachers’ statements regarding their effective and ineffective ad hoc interventions conducted against outbreaks of impulsive aggression of students with SEN.
The Expression And Significance Of RIPK3 In Cutaneous Lichen Planus And The Epidemiological Analysis
Authors: Zhang Mengdi , Wang Min , Duan Qiqi , Zheng Yan
Published: March 2021

RIPK3 is a member of the receptor-interacting protein kinase family. The RIPK3 protein is a TNFR1-regulated transcription factor that plays an important role in cell stress caused by various factors such as pathogen infection, inflammation, cell differentiation and cell damage. When cells are exposed to external stimuli, RIPK3 activates the downstream transcription factors to cause a series of reactions that ultimately lead to cell survival or death. However, the roles of RIPK3 in lichen planus has not been reported. In this study we compared the expression of RIPK3 protein in normal skin tissue and cutaneous lichen planus lesion, and analyzed the epidemiology characteristics of the patients. It is speculated that RIPK3 may play a role in the development of cutaneous lichen planus.
Językowy obraz miłości w wybranych wierszach księdza Jana Twardowskiego i ich rosyjskich przekładach
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Dworakowska Beata Edyta
Published: March 2021

Jan Twardowski’s poems translated into Russian language in comparison with original texts are the object of analysis. The subject matter of the works concentrates on the most important existential problems. Proposed in the article analysis is located in investigative model of cultural linguistics which links to cognitive paradigm, while taking into account the strategies and techniques used translation. The monolingual analysis specified types and characteristics of love in Polish language, whereas bilingual analysis showed what happens with the linguistic image of love when it is transfered to other language, in this case to Russian language.
Obszary tematyczne eponimów pochodzenia francuskiego w języku polskim
Authors:   Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie, Guz Marzena
Published: March 2021

This article discusses eponyms (name words) of French origin in the Polish language, found in Słownik eponimów czyli wyrazów odimiennych [Dictionary of Eponyms, i.e. Name Words] by Władysław Kopaliński. There are enough of such words in Kopaliński’s dictionary to assign them to certain thematic areas, which is covered in this work. Analysis of the accumulated material shows that the largest thematic areas represented in the dictionary include physics, chemistry, botany, religion, gastronomy, fabrics, clothing and additions, culture in its broad sense (theatre, literature, music, printing, dance, archaeology). Eponyms derived from the names of literary characters also account for a considerable group of such words. Such groups as politics, technology and devices, geology, medicine, military, industry, furniture and animals contribute only a few words each. Among the analysed eponyms, there are several which are parts of set phrases. Around a dozen have not been assigned to any of the thematic areas.
Kompozycja zaproszenia ślubnego
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Jarosz Beata
Published: March 2021

The aim of this article is description of weeding’s invitations composition, including obligatory and optional components. The obligatory components are information about the sender, recipient, planning occasion – purpose of invitation (wedding and reception after wedding), its term (date and an hour) and location, contact details (mostly the groom and the bride phone numbers) and a request for confirmation of arrival. The optional components in composition of analyzed type of text are information about presents, which the engaged couple wish to get (for example money, alcohol and sweets, coupon lotto) and additional invitation (e.g. the second reception after wedding named poprawiny). The author also shows a composition’s transformations. At 19th century the integral component of wedding’s invitation’s structure was a description of feast, which awaited the guests. Currently there aren’t this type information in wedding’s invitation, but more often appears in invitations information about gifts, which the bride and the groom would like to receive. Moreover the author complements the article by showing the similarities between Polish and English wedding’s invitations.
Ostra jazda bez trzymanki, czyli seks w werbalizacjach licealistów
Authors:   Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie, Karwatowska Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

The author’s aim of the analysis presented in this article is an attempt at answering two questions: how high school students verbalize the lexeme sex, and whether it is possible to discern quantitative and qualitative differences in understanding and evaluating this notion by girls and boys. High school students were faced with three tasks concerning: 1. giving associations connected with the word sex; 2. listing adjectives collocating with the analyzed category; 3. constructing their own definitions of the noun. Both associations and collocations listed by the students appeared to be extremely varied and rich. They confirmed the opinion according to which every man treats sex differently and proved that young people are not afraid of their needs, desires or sexual dreams. Sex is not a taboo subject for them. Contrary to the associations, which abounded with an extremely large number of vulgar expressions, the definitions of the analyzed lexeme were, in fact, deprived of such attributes. Apart from a tendency to convey the word’s semantics precisely, the descriptions constructed by the high school students revealed emotionality. On the other hand, however, they showed changes in awareness, habits and social conduct of young users of the Polish language.
Młodopolska egzotyka florystyczna
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Kuryłowicz Beata
Published: March 2021

The article is an attempt at a semantic description of exotic flowers’ names that are present in Young Poland’s poetic texts. The detailed analyses aim at revealing semantic connotations, including a cultural context in particular, as well as the features motivating them. The analyses show that exotic flower motifs were extremely popular during the Young Poland period. They were an integral element of this period’s poetic language and created an elaborate and coherent system of meanings determined by philosophy, worldview and emotionality characteristic of the decadent movement as well as poetic convention.
Wychowawczy wymiar słowników niemiecko-polskich z XIX w
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Nowowiejski Bogusław
Published: March 2021

Analysing the content of Complete German-Polish Dictionary by K. C. Mrongovius from the middle of the 19th century, the author draws a conclusion that apart from a didactic nature typical of bilingual dictionaries, this lexicographic work contains features of a pedagogical text, whose purpose is not just limited to providing a reader with an adequately rich set of lexical equivalents but to instruct and educate him or her at the same time. Numerous persuasive devices as well as normative instructions and encyclopaedic-like information all serve this purpose. The edifying dimension of Mrongovius’s dictionary is, most of all, a result of the intersection of its features that are characteristic of both a translation-based and a general dictionary, which Mrongovius’s work aspires to be.