bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
D Vitamini Eksikliğine Bağlı Rikets ve Hemşirelik Bakımı
Authors: Torun Tuğçe , Çavuşoğlu Hicran
Published: August 2018

Rikets, tüm dünyada çocuklarda görülen en yaygın metabolik kemik hastalığıdır. Kemiklerdeşekilsel bozukluk ve yetersiz büyüme ile karakterize olan rikets uzun dönemde kemik sağlığıüzerinde etkileri olan bir hastalıktır. Hastalığın yaygınlığı birçok ülkede D vitamini destekprogramları, besinlerin D vitamini ile zenginleştirilmesi ve güneş ışınlarının D vitaminisentezindeki önemine yönelik farkındalık oluşturulması ile önemli ölçüde azaltılmıştır.Fakat tüm çabalara rağmen rikets özellikle 0-6 yaş arasındaki çocuklar arasında görülmeyedevam etmekte olan önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Özellikle maternal D vitaminieksikliği sonucu görülen neonatal D vitamini eksikliği ciddi hipokalsemik konvülsiyonlaraneden olarak çocukta nörolojik problemlere yol açabilmektedir. Rikets, önlenmesi ve tedavisimümkün olan bir çocukluk çağı hastalığıdır. Hastalığa bağlı olarak kemiklerde görülenşekil bozuklukları büyüme gelişme döneminde olan çocuklarda tedavi ile düzeltilebilmektir.Hemşirelerin risk altındaki anneler ve çocukları erken dönemde belirlemesi hastalık yükününazaltılmasında önemlidir. Bu nedenle bu makalede D vitamini eksikliğine bağlı çocuklardagörülen riketsin belirti ve bulguları, risk altındaki çocuklar ve riketsin önlenmesi vetedavisinde hemşirenin sorumlulukları üzerinde durulmuştur.
The validity of the online thought-probing procedure of mind wandering is not threatened by variations of probe rate and probe framing
Authors: Schubert Anna-Lena , Frischkorn Gidon T. , Rummel Jan
Published: August 2018

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the measurement of mind-wandering during ongoing tasks. The frequently used online thought-probing procedure (OTPP), in which individuals are probed on whether their thoughts are on-task or not while performing an ongoing task, has repeatedly been criticized, because variations in the frequency of thought probes and the order in which on-task and off-task thoughts are referred to have been shown to affect mind-wandering rates. Hitherto, it is unclear whether this susceptibility to measurement variation only affects mean response rates in probe-caught mind-wandering or poses an actual threat to the validity of the OTPP, endangering the replicability and generalizability of study results. Here we show in a sample of 177 students that variations of the frequency or framing of thought probes do not affect the validity of the OTPP. While we found that more frequent thought probing reduced the rate of probe-caught mind-wandering, we did not replicate the effect that mind-wandering is more likely to be reported when off-task thoughts are referred to first rather than second. Crucially, associations between probe-caught mind-wandering and task performance, as well as associations between probe-caught mind-wandering and covariates (trait mind-wandering, reaction-time variability in the metronome-response task, working-memory capacity) did not change with variations of the probing procedure. Therefore, it seems unlikely that the great heterogeneity in the way the OTPP is implemented across different studies endangers the replicability and generalizability of study results. Data and analysis code are available at https://osf.io/7w8bm/.
Pattern of Pediatric Morbidity in Hospital Admitted Patients in Western Region of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari P , Kandel D , Shrestha U
Published: August 2018

Background: Pediatric age group comprises the important fraction of hospital admissions in our health care settings and it is the major challenge to address in the developing countries like ours. This study was carried out to find out the significant epidemiological trends and disease patterns of the admitted children in a pediatric ward.Methods: This retrospective study was carried out by reviewing hospital records of the patients admitted in the pediatric ward from July 2015 to January 2016 in Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital. The disease pattern was analyzed on the basis of age, sex, final diagnosis of the disease, duration of hospital stay and months of admission.Results: Among the 1348 admitted children during the study period, majority were males (65%) and below five years (74%). Lower respiratory tract infections (30%), enteric fever (10%) and acute gastroenteritis (7.7%) were the three major causes for admission. The mean days of hospital stay was 4.43 and maximum number of children was admitted during August/September.Conclusion: Infectious diseases are the major cause for morbidity and more were during the rainy season.J-GMC-N | Volume 11 | Issue 01 | January-June 2018, Page: 61-63
Emeline Jouve, Susan Glaspell’s Poetics and Politics of Rebellion
Authors: Black Cheryl
Published: August 2018

Susan Glaspell’s Poetics and Politics of Rebellion is an expansive critical study of Glaspell’s dramatic oeuvre as a drama of rebellion, treating of the various rebellion(s) staged by Glaspell and the relationship between Glaspell’s rebellious content (politics) and her innovative form (poetics). This study strengthens Glaspell’s reputation as a feminist, modernist, and profoundly political American playwright.
FACTORS INFLUENCING ON UKRAINIAN LABOR`S MIGRATION WITHIN THE CONDITIONS OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Authors: Advokatova N.O.
Published: August 2018

The article presents factors influencing on the Ukrainian labor`s migration within conditions of European integration. We denoted the impact factors on migration processes in Ukraine within conditions of European integration. This analysis allows to work out measures for improving migration policy, and as a result � economical growth of the country. We defined the causes and effects. We traced the Ukrainian migration flows into the international economy.
The impact factors of Ukrainian labor migration abroad within conditions of European integration in the current political and economic situation are the demographic situation, the unemployment rate, the rate of wages, migration policy, the political situation in Ukraine and in the world as well. We established the impact direction of each factor on the dynamics for the number of working migrators. So, in particular, the reduction and ageing of the population in the EU countries; the presence of hidden unemployment in Ukraine; the problems of youth employment after graduation; the excess of the EU countries� wages in 3-5 times over Ukraine`s wages; the absence of specific activity in Ukraine aimed at repatriation of Ukrainians, and, on the contrary, the presence of such activity in foreign countries; political instability in Ukraine are all factors that contribute increasing of Ukrainian migrants� number to the EU.
PROCESSES OF GLOBALIZATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS-ENVIRONMENT ARE IN MODERN REALITIES
Authors: Boiarchuk A.I.
Published: August 2018

In the article the influence of globalist processes, widely developing in nowadays world, are analyzed. Because of that the art becomes to be a tool of reach countries to have the right of domination in a world space. Authors argue about positive and negative sides of globalization in this text.
The main objective of this paper to analyze in detail the impact of globalization on the world economy. The paper presents the analysis of the nature of the process of globalization in the modern world. Globalization has been analyzed in the following interdependent aspects: economic, territorial. Here are main reasons of globalization. The paper presents two main directions to define of globalization in terms of the behavior of nation-states in the global geopolitical environment. The paper presents the positive and negative influences of globalization on the world economy and national economies in the world. Special attention is paid to the problems associated with globalization for the different states. Globalisation is an incessant process, which lasts a lot of years, but problems, associated with it. Autor dispute among themselves about globalisation and can't create a single definition of this process.
Autor argue about positive and negative sides of globalisation in this text. Necessity of formation of uniform economic, legal, information and technological space for realization of free and effective enterprise activity of all subjects of managing has led the Ukrainian economy to to transformation of integration economic processes in a new system condition - globalization of economic communications.
Resurgent Russian Ingress in Afghanistan: Implications for Pakistan
Authors: Qurat Ul Ain  , Shah Taimoor , Zafar Seemab
Published: August 2018

After the fall of soviet-empire, Afghanistan became the playground of international players, with covert and overt agenda towards the country. It has also become a breeding ground for militant organization. Russia, after her recent show of power in the Middle East has set her eye on its regional chessboard. For protecting its borders from incursion of extremism and the menace of drug trafficking which is gaining pace, Russia is entering Afghanistan again. This time she has found her 'favorite' jihadis on their side, the Taliban. How the entrance of resurgent power in the existing world order will have an impact on the country already going through the tough tides of unfolding international arena, Pakistan. The paper delineates, how the geo-political scenario compelled Moscow to get into bargaining with its rivals and what are the impacts on Pakistan.
Issue of SaraikiStan: Post 18th Amendment
Authors: Ullah Sana , Khalid Ijaz , Hassan Shazia
Published: August 2018

The paper primarily focuses on salient dynamics voiced for division of Punjab and establishment of Saraiki Province and is aiming to aware coming parliamentarians regarding the sensitive issue so that they can make themselves capable to develop skill to resolve such generic issues. The non-justifiable allocation and distribution of resources by the federal government not only created hatred between East and West Pakistan in 1971 but later on among four provinces of Pakistan as well. For the last more than seventy years, the inspirations of ethnicity and regionalism evoked by Pukhtoons, Baluchis, Muhajirs and Saraikis made the process of national integration complex and so politicized different socio-economic and issues concerning different people of different regions which sometimes led to civil war situations in Pakistan. Though state's constitution provided equal rights and opportunities to all nationalities in all spheres of life. However the feeling of provincialism or regionalism awakens in the minds when the people of a particular area are continuously neglected by the ruling class and so they are politically educated as backward and discriminated people by their local leaders. In this way, these leaders keep political hold over the specified area and its people. Regional disparities in terms of revenue and consumptions have awakened the perception of ignorance and discrimination and this is the reason that PML (N) faced severe hurdles and the repatriation of its own parliamentarians as the Saraiki community has been continuously neglected by the Punjabi dominated Political Party in the National legislature.
Subcortical stimulation mapping of descending motor pathways for perirolandic gliomas: assessment of morbidity and functional outcome in 702 cases
Authors: Han Seunggu J. , Morshed Ramin A. , Troncon Irene , Jordan Kesshi M. , Henry Roland G. , Hervey-Jumper Shawn L. , Berger Mitchel S.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Herein, the authors report their experience with intraoperative stimulation mapping to locate the descending subcortical motor pathways in patients undergoing surgery for hemispheric gliomas within or adjacent to the rolandic cortex, with particular description of the morbidity and functional outcomes associated with this technique.

METHODS

This is a retrospective analysis of patients who, in the period between 1997 and 2016, had undergone resection of hemispheric perirolandic gliomas within or adjacent to descending motor pathways. Data regarding intraoperative stimulation mapping and patient postoperative neurological status were collected.

RESULTS

Of 702 patients, stimulation mapping identified the descending motor pathways in 300 cases (43%). A new or worsened motor deficit was seen postoperatively in 210 cases (30%). Among these 210 cases, there was improvement in motor function to baseline levels by 3 months postoperatively in 161 cases (77%), whereas the deficit remained in 49 cases (23%). The majority (65%) of long-term deficits (persisting beyond 3 months) were mild or moderate (antigravity strength or better). On multivariate analysis, patients in whom the subcortical motor pathways had been identified with stimulation mapping during surgery were more likely to develop an additional and/or worsened motor deficit postoperatively than were those in whom the subcortical pathways had not been found (45% vs 19%, respectively, p < 0.001). This difference remained when considering the likelihood of a long-term deficit (i.e., persisting > 3 months; 12% vs 3.2%, p < 0.001). A higher tumor grade and the presence of a preoperative motor deficit were also associated with higher rates of motor deficits persisting long-term. A region of restricted diffusion adjacent to the resection cavity was seen in 20 patients with long-term deficits (41%) and was more common in cases in which the motor pathways were not identified (69%). Long-term deficits that occur in settings in which the subcortical motor pathways are not identified seem in large part due to ischemic injury to descending tracts.

CONCLUSIONS

Stimulation mapping allows surgeons to identify the descending motor pathways during resection of tumors in perirolandic regions and to attain an acceptable rate of morbidity in these high-risk cases.
Significance of fluctuations in serum sodium levels following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: an exploratory analysis
Authors: Eagles Matthew E. , Tso Michael K. , Macdonald R. Loch
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Fluctuations in patient serum sodium levels are common after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), but their effect on patient outcome is not well described in the literature. The goal of this work was to better characterize the relationship between fluctuations in serum sodium levels, outcome, and the development of delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) after aSAH.

METHODS

The authors performed a post hoc analysis of data from the Clazosentan to Overcome Neurological Ischemia and Infarction Occurring After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (CONSCIOUS-1) trial. Patients had their serum sodium values recorded daily for 14 days post-aSAH. Average and average absolute daily differences in sodium levels were calculated for each patient based on 3 reference points: admission sodium levels, a normal sodium level (defined as 140 mmol/L), and the previous day’s sodium level. These variables were also calculated for the classic “vasospasm window” (days 3–12) post-aSAH. A stepwise logistic regression model, locally weighted scatterplot smoothing curves, and receiver operator characteristic curve analysis were used to evaluate the relationship between alterations in serum sodium levels and clinical outcome or the development of DCI after aSAH. Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of > 2 at 3 months.

RESULTS

The average daily difference in sodium values from baseline (p < 0.001), average daily difference from a normal sodium level (p < 0.001), average absolute daily difference from a normal sodium level (p = 0.015), and average absolute daily difference from the previous day’s sodium level (p = 0.017) were significant predictors of poor outcome in a stepwise multivariate regression model. There was a trend toward significance for average absolute daily difference from admission sodium levels during the vasospasm window as an independent predictor of DCI (p = 0.052). There was no difference in the predictive capacity for DCI when sodium fluctuations from post-aSAH days 1–14 were compared with those from the classic vasospasm window (days 3–12).

CONCLUSIONS

Fluctuations in serum sodium levels may play a role in clinical outcome and the development of DCI after aSAH. The timing of these fluctuations appears to have no significant effect on the development of DCI.
Overdrainage-related ependymal bands: a postulated cause of proximal shunt obstruction
Authors: Kraemer Mark R. , Koueik Joyce , Rebsamen Susan , Hsu David A. , Salamat M. Shahriar , Luo Susan , Saleh Sara , Bragg Taryn M. , Iskandar Bermans J.
Published: August 2018

OBJECTIVE

Ventricular shunts have an unacceptably high failure rate, which approaches 50% of patients at 2 years. Most shunt failures are related to ventricular catheter obstruction. The literature suggests that obstructions are caused by in-growth of choroid plexus and/or reactive cellular aggregation. The authors report endoscopic evidence of overdrainage-related ventricular tissue protrusions (“ependymal bands”) that cause partial or complete obstruction of the ventricular catheter.

METHODS

A retrospective review was completed on patients undergoing shunt revision surgery between 2008 and 2015, identifying all cases in which the senior author reported endoscopic evidence of ependymal tissue in-growth into ventricular catheters. Detailed clinical, radiological, and surgical findings are described.

RESULTS

Fifty patients underwent 83 endoscopic shunt revision procedures that revealed in-growth of ventricular wall tissue into the catheter tip orifices (ependymal bands), producing partial, complete, or intermittent shunt obstructions. Endoscopic ventricular explorations revealed ependymal bands at various stages of development, which appear to form secondarily to siphoning. Ependymal bands are associated with small ventricles when the shunt is functional, but may dilate at the time of obstruction.

CONCLUSIONS

Ventricular wall protrusions are a significant cause of proximal shunt obstruction, and they appear to be caused by siphoning of surrounding tissue into the ventricular catheter orifices.
PENERAPAN METODE COOPERATIVE LEARNING TEKNIK JIGSAW DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SKI PADA KELAS VIII DI MTS N KARANGAWEN DEMAK (Studi Eksperimen)
Authors: Zulfa Laila Ngindana
Published: August 2018

AbstrakDalam proses pembelajaran, idealnya siswa dituntuk aktif dan berintelegensi tinggi namun tidak individualis, jadi para pendidik hendaknya menggunakan metode yang variatif. Namun dalam pembelajaran SKI pada madrasah-madrasah khususnya di daerah Karangawen masih menggunakan metode konvensional jadi terkesan monoton sehingga siswa kurang aktif dan cenderung tidak merata dalam sebaran hasil, sehingga terkesan individualis. Oleh karena itu perlu diadakan penelitian tentang metode Cooperative Learning teknik Jigsaw dalam pembelajaran SKI untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran baik dalam proses maupun hasil. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Eksperimental sehingga memerlukan adanya dua kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol, untuk mengetahui perbedaan kualitas pembelajaran anatara keduanya. Pre test dan post test pun dilakukan untuk mengukur keberhasilan dari kedua kelompok responden.beberapa hal yang harus dilakukan terkait prosedur penelitian pun dilakukan seperti uji validitas dan reliabilitas intrumen, serta uji normalitas dan homoginitas sebaran responden.Kata Kunci: Cooperative Learning, Jigsaw, Eksperimen. AbstractIn learning process, students are expected to be active and have high intelligent but not individualistic, so educators should use various methods. However, in the study of SKI in madrasahs especially in Karangawen still using conventional methods and it so monoton and make students are less active and tend to uneven in distribution result, so impressed individualist. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research on Cooperative Learning method of Jigsaw technique in learning SKI to improve the quality of learning both in process and outcome. This study is an experimental study that requires the existence of two experimental groups and control groups, to determine the difference between the quality of learning between the two. Pre test and post test were also conducted to measure the success of both groups of respondents. Some things to do related to the research procedure were performed such as validity and reliability test of intruments, as well as normality and homogeneity test of respondent's distribution.Keyword: Cooperative Learning, Jigsaw, Eksperiments
Building materials management system based on RFID technology
Authors: Ren Yilei , Li Hongwei
Published: August 2018

This paper conducts a staged study for the management system of building materials in the construction process through the use of wireless radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. By excavating and summarizing the problems with the existing building materials management, the functional requirements of building materials monitoring and management were proposed and closed-loop information flow was implemented to facilitate management and monitoring. The method of combining technology and theory was used to design an optimization plan for material monitoring and management and to implement the on-site deployment of equipment for its implementation. Besides, it discusses the implementation scope of the proposed system, studies its applicability in construction projects and building materials, and recommends the proper process for system implementation. The technology adoption model is established by the method of influence factor analysis. The results show that the use intention of users which affects users greatly is the external environment and the strategic direction of the enterprise, and reasonable suggestions are put forward according to the results.
Design and implementation of building structure monitoring system based on radio frequency identification (RFID)
Authors: Li Hongwei , Ren Yilei
Published: August 2018

In recent years, the integration between the two broad fields, i.e. the Wireless Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and the building Structure Health Monitoring (SHM), has aroused people’s wide concern. In view of high energy consumption in SHM computation, this paper aims to optimize the algorithm for the traditional building detection system so much that a TS-DD energy conservation damage detection algorithm is wrapped up. This algorithm can save computation energy consumed by the AR-ARX in regard to redundant information analysis; concerning the problem about how the clustering model impacts the computation energy consumption, an optimal clustering algorithm is derived to pre-optimize cluster for the system; while for the fact that the huge mass of data must be transmitted in the SHM system, the cluster-based wireless SHM system is hereby developed as a subsystem independent of the damage detection to inspect intranet damage. In the end, it is proved by experimental comparison that this system is indeed optimized as required and achieved good energy efficiency.
Radio frequency identification location algorithm based on reference label in indoor location
Authors: Li Zhimin
Published: August 2018

In view of the problem that the existing RFID based roadmap (LANDMARC) indoor positioning system will lead to the loss of good adjacent reference labels and the introduction of bad reference labels due to external environment factors, a RFID location algorithm based on reference label is proposed. Several reference labels are taken as a whole to compare the value of Receive Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) to the location label. First, find the area range of the location label, and add some reference labels in this area, and finally determine the position coordinates of the fixed label by adding weight estimation. The experimental results show that the improved algorithm has better stability and anti-interference without increasing the cost of any hardware, and can effectively obtain a good reference label, thus obtaining satisfactory positioning accuracy and positioning performance.
Screening of protease producing bacteria from tannery wastes of leather processing industries at Hazaribag, Bangladesh
Authors: Rahman Md Saimoon , Islam Md Rayhan , Mondol Omit Kumer , Rahman Mohammad Shahedur , Sabrin Farah , Zohora Umme Salma
Published: August 2018

Protease enzymes are ubiquitous in nature and usually found in all living organisms. The present study was conducted for screening bacteria with the ability to produce extracellular proteases. Attempts were made to isolate protease producing bacterial strains from soil samples of tannery wastes from Hazaribag, Bangladesh and subsequent partial characterization was performed. A number of biochemical assays was performed for presumptive identification of the bacteria. Subsequent molecular identification of bacterial isolates was performed using 16S rRNA sequence analysis, which revealed that the isolated bacterium R82 to be Bacillus subtilis. The protease enzyme activity was determined 60.50 U/mL. Further characterization showed that the enzyme produced from the bacteria was extracellular and alkaline protease in nature. The optimum reaction incubation time, pH and temperature were found to be 30 min, 8.0 and 50°C, respectively. Bacterial culture supernatant was used to carry out dehairing of leather (2ʹʹ×2ʹʹ), which was achieved in 24 h. The results showed that isolated bacterial strain could be employed for strain improvement towards commercial production of protease with a promise for dehairing in leather processing industries.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 7(1): 23-34, 2018 (June)
Replying to a Crisis: James Macpherson's The Rights of Great Britain Asserted against the Claims of America
Authors: deGategno Paul J.
Published: August 2018

The chaotic period of the American Revolution engaged many writers on both sides of the Atlantic arguing for and against the claims of the American colonists. One of the most popular and effective statements of the British position regarding the rebellion emerged from James Macpherson, poet of Ossian, historian, and government writer. As an accomplished literary talent in the service of politics, Macpherson wrote the pamphlet, The Rights of Great Britain Asserted against the Claims of America (1775), designing a persuasive appeal to the British public for preserving order and supporting the Monarchy. Macpherson displays a controlled, often dispassionate voice in dealing with the American rebellion, while seeking humane solutions with creativity, conviction, and agility in an environment of popular discontent and political instability. Finally, as a poet, he insisted on balancing the historian's empirical demand for facts with sensitivity and a liberal spirit of dialogue often in opposition to the dominant opinion of his King and ministers.
Long-Term Atmospheric Visibility Trends and Characteristics of 31 Provincial Capital Cities in China during 1957–2016
Authors: Fu Weicong , Chen Ziru , Zhu Zhipeng , Liu Qunyue , Qi Jinda , Dang Emily , Wang Minhua , Dong Jianwen
Published: August 2018

Millions of pulmonary diseases, respiratory diseases, and premature deaths are caused by poor ambient air quality in developing countries, especially in China. A proven indicator of ambient air quality, atmospheric visibility (AV), has displayed continuous decline in China’s urban areas. A better understanding of the characteristics and the factors affecting AV can help the public and policy makers manage their life and work. In this study, long-term AV trends (from 1957–2016, excluding 1965–1972) and spatial characteristics of 31 provincial capital cities (PCCs) of China (excluding Taipei, Hong Kong, and Macau) were investigated. Seasonal and annual mean values of AV, percentage of ‘good’ (≥20 km) and ‘bad’ AV (<10 km), cumulative percentiles and the correlation between AV, socioeconomic factors, air pollutants and meteorological factors were analyzed in this study. Results showed that annual mean AV of the 31 PCCs in China were 14.30 km, with a declining rate of −1.07 km/decade. The AV of the 31 PCCs declined dramatically between 1973–1986, then plateaued between 1987–2006, and rebounded slightly after 2007. Correlation analysis showed that impact factors (e.g., urban size, industrial activities, residents’ activities, urban greening, air quality, and meteorological factors) contributed to the variation of AV. We also reveal that residents’ activities are the primary direct socioeconomic factors on AV. This study hopes to help the public fully understand the characteristics of AV and make recommendations about improving the air environment in China’s urban areas.
PLL-Less Three-Phase Four-Wire SAPF with STF-dq0 Technique for Harmonics Mitigation under Distorted Supply Voltage and Unbalanced Load Conditions
Authors: Hoon Yap , Mohd Radzi Mohd Amran
Published: August 2018

This paper presents a non-iterative technique that generates reference current to manage operation of a three-phase four-wire shunt active power filter which employs a three-leg split capacitor voltage source inverter (VSI) topology. The proposed technique integrates together a self-tuning-filter (STF) and direct-quadrature-zero (dq0) principle (referred here as STF-dq0), allowing the controlled shunt active power filter (SAPF) to perform effectively under distorted source voltages and unbalanced load conditions. Unlike the previous technique developed based on the standard dq0 principle, the proposed technique does not require any service from a phase-locked loop (PLL) where two STFs are applied to separate harmonic and fundamental elements for the purpose of generating synchronization phases and reference current, respectively. Simulation work which includes connection of the SAPF circuits, design of control techniques and all the necessary assessments are conducted in MATLAB-Simulink platform. Performance achieved by the SAPF while utilizing the proposed technique is thoroughly investigated and benchmarked with that demonstrated by the SAPF while using the standard dq0 technique, to evaluate the inherent advantages. Exhaustive simulation results are provided and thoroughly discussed to support design concept, effectiveness, and benefits of the proposed technique.
A Novel Stability Improvement Strategy for a Multi-Inverter System in a Weak Grid Utilizing Dual-Mode Control
Authors: Li Ming , Zhang Xing , Zhao Wei
Published: August 2018

Due to the increasing penetration of distributed generations (DGS) and non-negligible grid impedance, the instability problem of the multi-inverter system operating in current source mode (CSM) is becoming serious. In this paper, a closed-loop transfer function model of such a multi-inverter system is established, by which it is concluded that output current resonance will occur with the increase in the grid impedance. In order to address this problem, this paper presents a novel dual-mode control scheme of multiple inverters: one inverter operating in CSM will be alternated into voltage source mode (VSM) if the grid impedance is high. It is theoretically proved that the coupling between the inverters and the resonance in the output current can be suppressed effectively with the proposed scheme. Finally, the validity of the proposed theory is demonstrated by extensive simulations and experiments.
Model-Based Fault Detection of Inverter-Based Microgrids and a Mathematical Framework to Analyze and Avoid Nuisance Tripping and Blinding Scenarios
Authors: Al Hassan Hashim A. , Reiman Andrew , Reed Gregory F. , Mao Zhi-Hong , Grainger Brandon M.
Published: August 2018

Traditional protection methods such as over-current or under-voltage methods are unreliable in inverter-based microgrid applications. This is primarily due to low fault current levels because of power electronic interfaces to the distributed energy resources (DER), and IEEE1547 low-voltage-ride-through (LVRT) requirements for renewables in microgrids. However, when faults occur in a microgrid feeder, system changes occur which manipulate the internal circuit structure altering the system dynamic relationships. This observation establishes the basis for a proposed, novel, model-based, communication-free fault detection technique for inverter-based microgrids. The method can detect faults regardless of the fault current level and the microgrid mode of operation. The approach utilizes fewer measurements to avoid the use of a communication system. Protecting the microgrid without communication channels could lead to blinding (circuit breakers not tripping for faults) or nuisance tripping (tripping incorrectly). However, these events can be avoided with proper system design, specifically with appropriately sized system impedance. Thus, a major contribution of this article is the development of a mathematical framework to analyze and avoid blinding and nuisance tripping scenarios by quantifying the bounds of the proposed fault detection technique. As part of this analysis, the impedance based constraints for microgrid system feeders are included. The performance of the proposed technique is demonstrated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) simulation environment on a representative microgrid architecture showing that the proposed technique can detect faults for a wide range of load impedances and fault impedances.
Determining Noise and Vibration Exposure in Conifer Cross-Cutting Operations by Using Li-Ion Batteries and Electric Chainsaws
Authors: Neri Francesco , Laschi Andrea , Foderi Cristiano , Fabiano Fabio , Bertuzzi Lucia , Marchi Enrico
Published: August 2018

In many activities, chainsaw users are exposed to the risk of injuries and several other hazard factors that may cause health problems. In fact, environmental and working conditions when using chainsaws result in workers’ exposure to hazards such as noise, vibration, exhaust gases, and wood dust. Repeated or continuous exposure to these unfavourable conditions can lead to occupational diseases that become apparent after a certain period of time has elapsed. Since the use of electric tools is increasing in forestry, the present research aims to evaluate the noise and vibration exposure caused by four models of electric chainsaws (Stihl MSA160T, Stihl MSA200C Li-Ion battery powered and Stihl MSE180C, Stihl MSE220C wired) during cross-cutting. Values measured on the Stihl MSA160T chainsaw (Li-Ion battery) showed similar vibration levels on both right and left handles (0.9–1.0 m s−2, respectively) and so did the other battery-powered chainsaw, the Stihl MSA200C (2.2–2.3 m s−2 for right and left handles, respectively). Results showed a range of noise included between 81 and 90 dB(A) for the analysed chainsaws. In conclusion, the vibrations and noise were lower for the battery chainsaws than the wired ones, but, in general, all the values were lower than those measured in previous studies of endothermic chainsaws.
Introduction: Gender’s Influence on Genealogy Narratives
Authors: Smith Amy M.
Published: August 2018

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Identification of Novel Candidate Markers of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Russia by Exome Sequencing with a Limited Sample Size
Authors: Barbitoff Yury A. , Serebryakova Elena A. , Nasykhova Yulia A. , Predeus Alexander V. , Polev Dmitrii E. , Shuvalova Anna R. , Vasiliev Evgenii V. , Urazov Stanislav P. , Sarana Andrey M. , Scherbak Sergey G. , Gladyshev Dmitrii V. , Pokrovskaya Maria S. , Sivakova Oksana V. , Meshkov Aleksey N. , Drapkina Oxana M. , Glotov Oleg S. , Glotov Andrey S.
Published: August 2018

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity are common chronic disorders with multifactorial etiology. In our study, we performed an exome sequencing analysis of 110 patients of Russian ethnicity together with a multi-perspective approach based on biologically meaningful filtering criteria to detect novel candidate variants and loci for T2D and obesity. We have identified several known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as markers for obesity (rs11960429), T2D (rs9379084, rs1126930), and body mass index (BMI) (rs11553746, rs1956549 and rs7195386) (p < 0.05). We show that a method based on scoring of case-specific variants together with selection of protein-altering variants can allow for the interrogation of novel and known candidate markers of T2D and obesity in small samples. Using this method, we identified rs328 in LPL (p = 0.023), rs11863726 in HBQ1 (p = 8 × 10−5), rs112984085 in VAV3 (p = 4.8 × 10−4) for T2D and obesity, rs6271 in DBH (p = 0.043), rs62618693 in QSER1 (p = 0.021), rs61758785 in RAD51B (p = 1.7 × 10−4), rs34042554 in PCDHA1 (p = 1 × 10−4), and rs144183813 in PLEKHA5 (p = 1.7 × 10−4) for obesity; and rs9379084 in RREB1 (p = 0.042), rs2233984 in C6orf15 (p = 0.030), rs61737764 in ITGB6 (p = 0.035), rs17801742 in COL2A1 (p = 8.5 × 10−5), and rs685523 in ADAMTS13 (p = 1 × 10−6) for T2D as important susceptibility loci in Russian population. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of whole exome sequencing (WES) technologies for searching for novel markers of multifactorial diseases in cohorts of limited size in poorly studied populations.
Vitamin D Deficiency in Chronic Kidney Disease: Recent Evidence and Controversies
Authors: Franca Gois Pedro Henrique , Wolley Martin , Ranganathan Dwarakanathan , Seguro Antonio Carlos
Published: August 2018

Vitamin D (VD) is a pro-hormone essential for life in higher animals. It is present in few types of foods and is produced endogenously in the skin by a photochemical reaction. The final step of VD activation occurs in the kidneys involving a second hydroxylation reaction to generate the biologically active metabolite 1,25(OH)2-VD. Extrarenal 1α-hydroxylation has also been described to have an important role in autocrine and paracrine signaling. Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been in the spotlight as a major public healthcare issue with an estimated prevalence of more than a billion people worldwide. Among individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), VDD prevalence has been reported to be as high as 80%. Classically, VD plays a pivotal role in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis. Nevertheless, there is a growing body of evidence supporting the importance of VD in many vital non-skeletal biological processes such as endothelial function, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system modulation, redox balance and innate and adaptive immunity. In individuals with CKD, VDD has been associated with albuminuria, faster progression of kidney disease and increased all-cause mortality. Recent guidelines support VD supplementation in CKD based on extrapolation from cohorts conducted in the general population. In this review, we discuss new insights on the multifactorial pathophysiology of VDD in CKD as well as how it may negatively modulate different organs and systems. We also critically review the latest evidence and controversies of VD monitoring and supplementation in CKD patients.
Effects of Er:YAG and Diode Laser Irradiation on Dental Pulp Cells and Tissues
Authors: Yamakawa Shunjiro , Niwa Takahiko , Karakida Takeo , Kobayashi Kazuyuki , Yamamoto Ryuji , Chiba Risako , Yamakoshi Yasuo , Hosoya Noriyasu
Published: August 2018

Vital pulp therapy (VPT) is to preserve the nerve and maintain healthy dental pulp tissue. Laser irradiation (LI) is beneficial for VPT. Understanding how LI affects dental pulp cells and tissues is necessary to elucidate the mechanism of reparative dentin and dentin regeneration. Here, we show how Er:YAG-LI and diode-LI modulated cell proliferation, apoptosis, gene expression, protease activation, and mineralization induction in dental pulp cells and tissues using cell culture, immunohistochemical, genetic, and protein analysis techniques. Both LIs promoted proliferation in porcine dental pulp-derived cell lines (PPU-7), although the cell growth rate between the LIs was different. In addition to proliferation, both LIs also caused apoptosis; however, the apoptotic index for Er:YAG-LI was higher than that for diode-LI. The mRNA level of odontoblastic gene markers—two dentin sialophosphoprotein splicing variants and matrix metalloprotease (MMP)20 were enhanced by diode-LI, whereas MMP2 was increased by Er:YAG-LI. Both LIs enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity, suggesting that they may help induce PPU-7 differentiation into odontoblast-like cells. In terms of mineralization induction, the LIs were not significantly different, although their cell reactivity was likely different. Both LIs activated four MMPs in porcine dental pulp tissues. We helped elucidate how reparative dentin is formed during laser treatments.
Analysis of Genetic Variation and Enhancement of Salt Tolerance in French Pea (Pisum Sativum L.)
Authors: El-Esawi Mohamed A. , Al-Ghamdi Abdullah A. , Ali Hayssam M. , Alayafi Aisha A. , Witczak Jacques , Ahmad Margaret
Published: August 2018

Pisum sativum L. (field pea) is a crop of a high nutritional value and seed oil content. The characterization of pea germplasm is important to improve yield and quality. This study aimed at using fatty acid profiling and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers to evaluate the variation and relationships of 25 accessions of French pea. It also aimed to conduct a marker-trait associations analysis using the crude oil content as the target trait for this analysis, and to investigate whether 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) could enhance salt tolerance in the pea germplasm. The percentage of crude oil of the 25 pea genotypes varied from 2.6 to 3.5%, with a mean of 3.04%. Major fatty acids in all of the accessions were linoleic acid. Moreover, the 12 AFLP markers used were polymorphic. The cluster analysis based on fatty acids data or AFLP data divided the 25 pea germplasm into two main clusters. The gene diversity of the AFLP markers varied from 0.21 to 0.58, with a mean of 0.41. Polymorphic information content (PIC) of pea germplasm varied from 0.184 to 0.416 with a mean of 0.321, and their expected heterozygosity (He) varied from 0.212 to 0.477 with a mean of 0.362. The AFLP results revealed that the Nain Ordinaire cultivar has the highest level of genetic variability, whereas Elatius 3 has the lowest level. Three AFLP markers (E-AAC/M-CAA, E-AAC/M-CAC, and E-ACA/M-CAG) were significantly associated with the crude oil content trait. The response of the Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 cultivars to high salinity stress was studied. High salinity (150 mM NaCl) slightly reduced the photosynthetic pigments contents in Nain Ordinaire leaves at a non-significant level, however, the pigments contents in the Elatius 3 leaves were significantly reduced by high salinity. Antioxidant enzymes (APX—ascorbate peroxidase; CAT—catalase; and POD—peroxidase) activities were significantly induced in the Nain Ordinaire cultivar, but non-significantly induced in Elatius 3 by high salinity. Priming the salt-stressed Nain Ordinaire and Elatius 3 plants with ALA significantly enhanced the pigments biosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes activities, and stress-related genes expression, as compared to the plants stressed with salt alone. In conclusion, this study is amongst the first investigations that conducted marker-trait associations in pea, and revealed a sort of correlation between the diversity level and salt tolerance.
Cholinergic Nerve Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Long-Term Cryopreserved Human Dental Pulp In Vitro and Analysis of Their Motor Nerve Regeneration Potential In Vivo
Authors: Jang Soomi , Kang Young-Hoon , Ullah Imran , Shivakumar Sharath Belame , Rho Gyu-Jin , Cho Yeong-Cheol , Sung Iel-Yong , Park Bong-Wook
Published: August 2018

The reduction of choline acetyltransferase, caused by the loss of cholinergic neurons, leads to the absence of acetylcholine (Ach), which is related to motor nerve degeneration. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the in vitro cholinergic nerve differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells from cryopreserved human dental pulp (hDPSCs-cryo) and to analyze the scale of in vivo motor nerve regeneration. The hDPSCs-cryo were isolated and cultured from cryopreserved dental pulp tissues, and thereafter differentiated into cholinergic neurons using tricyclodecane-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609). Differentiated cholinergic neurons (DF-chN) were transplanted into rats to address sciatic nerve defects, and the scale of in vivo motor nerve regeneration was analyzed. During in vitro differentiation, the cells showed neuron-like morphological changes including axonal fibers and neuron body development, and revealed high expression of cholinergic neuron-specific markers at both the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels. Importantly, DF-chN showed significant Ach secretion ability. At eight weeks after DF-chN transplantation in rats with sciatic nerve defects, notably increased behavioral activities were detected with an open-field test, with enhanced low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor (p75NGFR) expression detected using immunohistochemistry. These results demonstrate that stem cells from cryopreserved dental pulp can successfully differentiate into cholinergic neurons in vitro and enhance motor nerve regeneration when transplanted in vivo. Additionally, this study suggests that long-term preservation of dental pulp tissue is worthwhile for use as an autologous cell resource in the field of nerve regeneration, including cholinergic nerves.
Isolation of Smenopyrone, a Bis-γ-Pyrone Polypropionate from the Caribbean Sponge Smenospongia aurea
Authors: Esposito Germana , Teta Roberta , Della Sala Gerardo , Pawlik Joseph R. , Mangoni Alfonso , Costantino Valeria
Published: August 2018

The organic extract of the Caribbean sponge Smenospongia aurea has been shown to contain an array of novel chlorinated secondary metabolites derived from a mixed PKS-NRPS biogenetic route such as the smenamides. In this paper, we report the presence of a biogenetically different compound known as smenopyrone, which is a polypropionate containing two γ-pyrone rings. The structure of smenopyrone including its relative and absolute stereochemistry was determined by spectroscopic analysis (NMR, MS, ECD) and supported by a comparison with model compounds from research studies. Pyrone polypropionates are unprecedented in marine sponges but are commonly found in marine mollusks where their biosynthesis by symbiotic bacteria has been hypothesized and at least in one case demonstrated. Since pyrones have recently been recognized as bacterial signaling molecules, we speculate that smenopyrone could mediate inter-kingdom chemical communication between S. aurea and its symbiotic bacteria.