bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Alterations and Buparlisib Efficacy in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Biomarker Analysis from BERIL-1
Authors: Soulières Denis , Licitra Lisa , Mesía Ricard , Remenár Éva , Li Shau-Hsuan , Karpenko Andrey , Chol Marie , Wang Ying A. , Solovieff Nadia , Bourdeau Laurence , Sellami Dalila , Faivre Sandrine
Published: February 2018

Purpose: The preplanned exploratory analysis of the BERIL-1 trial presented here aimed to identify biomarkers of response to the combination of buparlisib and paclitaxel.

Patients and Methods: BERIL-1 was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase II study. Patients with recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) progressing on/after one previous platinum-based chemotherapy regimen in the recurrent or metastatic setting were treated with either buparlisib plus paclitaxel or placebo plus paclitaxel. Archival tumor tissue and ctDNA samples were analyzed for molecular alterations and immune infiltration using next-generation sequencing or immunohistochemistry.

Results: Biomarker analyses were performed in randomized patients (n = 158) with available biomarker data. The most frequently (>5%) mutated genes were TP53, FAT1, TET2, KMT2D, PIK3CA, NOTCH1, NFE2L2, NOTCH2, CCND1, and CDKN2A. Patients with SCCHN tumors (from various primary sites) having HPV-negative status (HR = 0.51), TP53 alterations (HR = 0.55) or low mutational load (HR = 0.57) derived overall survival (OS) benefit with the combination of buparlisib and paclitaxel. OS benefit with this combination was also increased in patients with presence of intratumoral TILs ≥10% (HR = 0.51), stromal TILs ≥15% (HR = 0.53), intratumoral CD8-positive cells ≥5% (HR = 0.45), stromal CD8-positive cells ≥10% (HR = 0.47), or CD8-positive cells in invasive margins >25% (HR = 0.37). A trend for improved progression-free survival with the combination of buparlisib and paclitaxel was also observed in these patients.

Conclusions: The BERIL-1 biomarker analyses showed that patients with TP53 alterations, HPV-negative status, low mutational load, or high infiltration of TILs or CD8-positive cells derived survival benefit with the combination of buparlisib and paclitaxel. Clin Cancer Res; 24(11); 2505–16. ©2018 AACR.
Inhibition of Collagen Related Peptide Induced Platelet Activation and Apoptosis by Ceritinib
Authors: Cao Hang , Umbach Anja T. , Bissinger Rosi , Gawaz Meinrad , Lang Florian
Published: February 2018

Background/Aims: The anaplastic lymphoma (tyrosine) kinase (ALK) inhibitor ceritinib triggers apoptosis of tumor cells and eryptosis of erythrocytes. Blood platelets may similarly enter a state resembling apoptosis, which could be triggered by activation with collagen related peptide (CRP). CRP-induced platelet apoptosis is characterized by cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine exposure to the platelet surface and cell shrinkage, preceded by externalization of Ca2+ channel Orai1, increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i), formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and caspase activation. The present study explored whether ceritinib triggers platelet apoptosis and/or modifies the CRP induced apoptosis. Methods: Platelets isolated from wild-type mice were exposed for 30 minutes to ceritinib (1.5 µg/ml) without or with 2.5 – 15 min pretreatment with CRP (2 µg/ml or 5 µg/ml). Flow cytometry was employed to estimate cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i) from Fluo-3 fluorescence, ROS abundance from 2’,7’-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence, platelet degranulation from P-selectin abundance, integrin activation from αIIbβ3 integrin abundance, caspase activity utilizing an Active Caspase-3 Staining kit, phosphatidylserine abundance from annexin-V-binding, platelet volume from forward scatter and aggregation utilizing staining with CD9-APC and CD9-PE. Results: In the absence of CRP, ceritinib slightly, but significantly decreased [Ca2+]i without significantly modifying the other measured parameters. CRP significantly increased [Ca2+]i, ROS abundance, P-selectin abundance, activated αIIbβ3 integrin, annexin-V-binding, caspase activity as well as aggregation and decreased cell volume, all effects significantly blunted in the presence of ceritinib. Conclusions: The present observations uncover a novel, unexpected effect of ceritinib, i.e. inhibition of CRP-induced platelet activation and apoptosis.
Pós-modernidade e Turismo: Reflexões Acerca da Experiência Turística no Contexto das Agências de Viagens.
Authors: Tito Ana Luiza de Albuquerque , Brumatti Paula Normandia Moreira , Nóbrega Wilker Ricardo de Mendonça
Published: February 2018

O fenômeno turístico constitui um projeto de sociedade que se apropria de espaços e os transforma segundo normas e valores que lhe são próprios. As motivações de viagens e os destinos turísticos fazem parte de uma rede de significados pessoais e sociais e sua análise auxilia compreender a nova convivência social e as novas possibilidades mercadológicas. Estudos acerca do comportamento do consumidor no turismo trata a motivação como determinante básico do consumo e o processo de tomada de decisão como algo individual. Assim, pretende-se refletir o turista pós-moderno, suas necessidades e busca contínua por experiências de vida estabelecendo relação com as estratégias mercadológicas para a oferta das viagens no contexto das agências de viagens. Para tanto, foram entrevistadas seis agências de viagens do município de Natal- RN. Os resultados da pesquisa sinalizam que, segundo as agências de viagem, o consumidor do turismo tem buscado experiências, embora apontam que elas ainda não desenvolvem ações estratégicas neste sentido. Pensar o turismo contemporâneo não é descartar os elementos de natureza econômica e mercadológica que o constitui, mas compreender que sua essência está nas viagens como prática humana e a subjetividade que ela implica.
A Pesquisa Qualitativa e o Campo da Hospitalidade: uma reflexão sobre a relação teoria e método
Authors: Salles Maria do Rosário Rolfsen
Published: February 2018

O artigo procura discutir a relação entre a pesquisa qualitativa e o campo teórico da hospitalidade, com o objetivo de discutir a contribuição dos estudos sobre a hospitalidade em suas diferentes dimensões, para a pesquisa social, tendo em vista o recurso a metodologías qualitativas. Para tanto, recorreu-se à bibliografía sobre o assunto, estabelecendo um recorte na trajetória e evolução histórica da pesquisa qualitativa, procurando establecer relações com os estudos no campo da hospitalidade. Os resultados indicam que a pesquisa no campo da hospitalidade, na sua dupla dimensão, como fato social e como valor, tem se valido da evolução e diversificação de metodologias qualitativas que evidenciam a enorme relação entre ambas, pesquisa qualitativa e hospitalidade.
Costs and mortality rates of surgical approaches to hysterectomy in Brazil
Authors: Augusto Kathiane Lustosa , Brilhante Aline Veras Morais , Modesto Gisele Cristine Duarte , Saboia Dayana Maia , Rocha Cássia Fernandes Coelho , Karbage Sara Arcanjo Lino , Magalhães Thaís Fontes de , Bezerra Leonardo Robson Pinheiro Sobreira
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the costs of hysterectomies performed in Brazil due to benign conditions, and to assess its hospital admittance and mortality rates. METHODS: A retrospective cohort was carried out from January 2010 to December 2014, analyzing all hysterectomies (n = 428,346) registered on the DATASUS database between January 2010 and December 2014. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 for Windows. RESULTS: Hospital admissions were 300,231 for total abdominal hysterectomies, 46,056 for vaginal hysterectomies, 29,959 for subtotal abdominal hysterectomies and 1,522 for laparoscopic hysterectomies. Mortality rates were 0.26%, 0.09%, 0.07% and 0.05% for subtotal, total abdominal, laparoscopic, and vaginal hysterectomies, respectively. Among the procedures studied, total abdominal hysterectomies had the most costs (R$217,802,574.77), followed by vaginal hysterectomies (R$24,173,490.00), subtotal abdominal hysterectomies (R$19.253.300,00) and laparoscopic hysterectomies (R$794,680.40). CONCLUSIONS: Total abdominal hysterectomies had the highest overall costs mainly because it was the most commonly performed technique. Mortality rates were greatest in subtotal abdominal hysterectomies; this, however, may be due to bias related to missing data in our database.
Dengue in Araraquara, state of São Paulo: epidemiology, climate and Aedes aegypti infestation
Authors: Ferreira Aline Chimello , Chiaravalloti Neto Francisco , Mondini Adriano
Published: February 2018

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology of dengue in a medium-sized city in the state of São Paulo. METHODS: Data, such as circulating serotypes, severe cases and deaths, age group, sex, among others, were obtained on reported and confirmed dengue cases in Araraquara, state of São Paulo, between 1991 and 2015. Climatic and infestation data were also analyzed. These variables were evaluated descriptively, using statistical measures such as frequencies, averages, minimum and maximum. Dengue incidence rates were calculated according to month, year, age and sex, and time series of dengue cases, infestation, and climatic variables. RESULTS: Approximately 16,500 cases of dengue fever were reported between 1991 and 2015. The highest number of reports was recorded in 2015 (7,811 cases). In general, the age group with the highest number of reports is between 20 and 59 years old. The highest incidences, generally between March and May, occurred after the increase in rainfall and infestation in January. CONCLUSIONS: Increased levels of infestation due to rainfall are reflected in incidence rates of the disease. It is fundamental to know the epidemiology of dengue in medium-sized cities. Such information can be extended to diseases such as Zika and Chikungunya, which are transmitted by the same vector and were reported in the city. The intensification of surveillance efforts in periods before epidemics could be a strategy to be considered to control the viral spread.
Long-Term Outcomes of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Diagnosed During Childhood
Authors: Alexander Peta M.A. , Nugent Alan W. , Daubeney Piers E.F. , Lee Katherine J. , Sleeper Lynn A. , Schuster Tibor , Turner Christian , Davis Andrew M. , Semsarian Chris , Colan Steven D. , Robertson Terry , Ramsay James , Justo Robert , Sholler Gary F. , King Ingrid , Weintraub Robert G. ,   On behalf of the National Australian Childhood Cardiomyopathy Study
Published: February 2018

Background:

Late survival and symptomatic status of children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have not been well defined. We examined long-term outcomes for pediatric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Methods:

The National Australian Childhood Cardiomyopathy Study is a longitudinal population-based cohort study of children (0–10 years of age) diagnosed with cardiomyopathy between 1987 and 1996. The primary study end point was time to death or cardiac transplantation.

Results:

There were 80 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, with a median age at diagnosis of 0.48 (interquartile range, 0.1, 2.5) years. Freedom from death/transplantation was 86% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.0–92.0) 1 year after presentation, 80% (95% CI, 69.0–87.0) at 10 years, and 78% (95% CI, 67.0–86.0) at 20 years. From multivariable analyses, risk factors for death/transplantation included symmetrical left ventricular hypertrophy at the time of diagnosis (hazard ratio, 4.20; 95% CI, 1.60–11.05;
P
=0.004), Noonan syndrome (hazard ratio, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.02–8.08;
P
=0.045), higher posterior wall thickness
z
score (hazard ratio, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.22–1.73;
P
<0.001), and lower fractional shortening
z
score (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74–0.95;
P
=0.005) during follow-up. Nineteen (23%) subjects underwent left ventricular myectomy. At a median of 15.7 years of follow-up, 27 (42%) of 63 survivors were treated with β-blocker, and 13 (21%) had an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.

Conclusions:

The highest risk of death or transplantation for children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is within 1 year after diagnosis, with low attrition rates thereafter. Many subjects receive medical, surgical, or device therapy.
Two new species, one unrecorded species, and one newly reported male of genus Thiallela Walker, 1863 from China (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae: Phycitinae)
Authors: YANG LINLIN , REN YINGDANG
Published: February 2018

The genus Thiallela Walker is a small genus with ten named species, and four of them were currently recorded from China. In the present study our new discoveries bring the total described species to twelve, with two (Thiallela celadontis sp. nov. and T. sulciflagella sp. nov.) being proposed as new, and one (T. ligeralis (Walker)) newly recorded in China. The male of T. epicrociella (Strand) is described for the first time. Photographs of the adults and the genital structures of the four species are provided. A world catalog of the genus Thiallela, a distribution map of and keys to the species known from China are also provided.
New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles—17. Description of Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) noheli sp. nov. and redescription of P. (M.) flavomaculatum W. Horn (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)
Authors: MORAVEC JIŘÍ , VYBÍRA JAN
Published: March 2018

Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) noheli sp. nov. from central-eastern Madagascar is described as new to science. The new species was previously (in the monograph of the genus by Moravec 2007) partly confused and included within the externally very similar P. (M.) flavomaculatum W. Horn, 1892, a hitherto rare species based on a holotype only. A rectified redescription of the genuine P. (M.) flavomaculatum also is presented, complemented with external and internal diagnostic characters gained from a great number of recently caught adults. A revised key to Pogonostoma (Microstenocera) pusillum species-group and illustrations of the habitus, diagnostic characters and variability of these two species are provided.
Preparation, Characterization, and Physicochemical Properties of Vitexin-Phospholipid Nano-Complex
Authors: Luo Yajun , Wang Zhaoli , Shi Donglin , Luo Zhiqiang , Yu Ningling
Published: February 2018

The combination ratio of vitexin and soybean phospholipid with good solubility is the key role of their bioavailability, so the solvents, concentrations, ratios of reactants as well as reaction times and temperatures were investigated to prepare the phospholipid-vitexin complex in this
work. The optimized condition is as follows: the concentration of reactants is 0.1 mg · mL–1 solved in tetrahydrofuran, the mass ratio of soybean phospholipid and vitexin is 2:1 in the feeding process, the reaction time and temperature are respectively 4 h, 30 °C,
as a result, the highest ratio is 94.8%. UV-vis spectrum, IR spectrum, DSC and X-ray diffraction analysis are used to examine the vitexin-phospholipid complex, it was showed that the complex is different from its monomers significantly. The physico-chemical properties of the complex were examined
by the solubility in water and octanol, and the distribution coefficient in system consisted of oil and water. It was shown that the vitexin complex based on phospholipid was better dissolved evidently in water and octanol than vitexin, presenting dramatically improved bioavailability of vitexin.
Study of the Growth Rate of Polystyrene Nanotube Prepared by Melt Wetting an Anodic Aluminum Oxide Template
Authors: Guo Haiyong , Yang Chao , Li Xiaoru , Song Guojun , Gao Zhenguo , Pu Jiayan , Chang Ming , Ma Lichun , Yan Xiaofei , Zhang Wei
Published: February 2018

Polystyrene nanotubes have been successfully prepared by melt wetting an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template at 190, 210, 230 °C. A rapid freezing method with ice was used to control the growth process, and the different heights of the polymer nanotubes for different growth times
were investigated by SEM. The average growth rate was calculated to be in the range of 10–7–10–6 m/s, which is about 5–6 orders of magnitude lower than the macroscopic capillary flow rate of water infiltrating a glass tube. This indicates that
the size advantage of a nanoscale pore is offset by the very large viscosity difference between the polymer melt and the small molecules. For a specified template, and specified polymer, the main factor influencing the growth rate of polymer nanotubes prepared by melt wetting an AAO template
is the viscosity of the polymer melt.
Design and Application of a Portable Multi-Channel Turbidimeter by Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
Authors: Yang Tong , Wu Chao , Li Zhiyang , Chen Yuxin , Chen Hui , Gao Hansong , Liu Mei , He Nongyue , Liu Hongna , Liu Bin , Chen Zhu , Elingarami Sauli , Shah Muhammad Ali
Published: February 2018

With the development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method, it has been widely applied in nucleic acid analysis because of its simplicity, rapidity, high efficiency, and outstanding specificity. A device has been developed for real-time monitoring the process of loop-mediated isothermal amplification reaction through photoelectric detection technology and temperature control technology. This paper aimed at the designing protocol and the application of real-time turbidity detection system by LAMP by means of that magnesium ions can combine pyrophosphate ions by-product of LAMP reaction to form a white precipitate of magnesium pyrophosphate. The change of sample turbidity can be detected by a photoelectric sensor. The system is easy and friendly to operate and the amplification process of 8 samples can be completed simultaneously at 63 °C in one hour. In the end, the experiment results suggest that the real-time turbidity detection system is stable and reliable.
Preventing the Progression of Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting the NF-κB/p65 Pathway
Authors: Lv Meng , Wang Hua , Jiang Wei , Luo Qi , Zhou Tianjian , Lin Bowen
Published: February 2018

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common arthritic diseases, and is a leading cause of disability in the elderly. In the coming decades, this disease will be a challenging social and medical problem, because the population is aging. In this study, we cultured cartilage tissues
of OA patients and healthy patients in vitro. Then we examined the expression of various inflammatory factors, as well as variation in the expression of NF-κB (p65) following stimulation of OA cartilage cells with inhibitors of TNF-α, NF-κB, and
a combination of both inhibitors. The results of Western blot and real time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed that expression of NF-κB in both kinds of cells was up-regulated following stimulation of TNF-κ in a time-dependent manner. Compared with the control,
the expression of the inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, COX-2 and NF-κB (p65) was down-regulated in OA cartilage cells when they were stimulated with the inhibitor BAY11-7082. The expression of downstream target genes in the TNF-α + BAY11-7082 group
was lower than the TNF-α group, but higher than the normal control group. Moreover, the nuclear translocation of NF-κB (p65) was prohibited in the TNF-α + BAY11-7082 group according to the results of immunofluorescence. In conclusion, the inhibition of
NF-κB/p65 efficiently alleviates bone deterioration in OA by suppressing the release of inflammatory factors.
The Effects of Montmorillonite on Metabolism of Florfenicol in Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
Authors: Qian Kun , Jiang Xiaofeng , Sun Laiyu , Zhou Guoqing , Ge Haixia , Meng Yue , Li Jingfen
Published: February 2018

To study the effects of montmorillonite on the metabolism and tissue elimination of florfenicol in Pelteobagrus fulvidrac, a total of 4 drug administration groups were set, namely the fluorfenicol group, the florfenicol + low-dose montmorillonite group, the florfenicol + medium-dose
montmorillonite group and the florfenicol + high-dose montmorillonite group. Pelteobagrus fulvidrac was orally administered, with the plasma, muscle, liver and kidney of Pelteobagrus fulvidrac collected for detection of drug concentration using high performance liquid chromatography
at 0.083 (only kidney), 0.5, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 15, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, respectively. The results showed that comparing the florfenicol group, the peak plasma concentration of florfenicol in the plasma, muscle and kidney was increased in comparison with those of the other groups, while
the concentration in the liver was decreased. The time to peak concentration in the plasma, muscle and liver was delayed. Montmorillonite can affect the metabolism of florfenicol in Pelteobagrus fulvidrac in sustained release and transportation manners.
Walter Orr Roberts Lecture
Authors: Dickinson Robert E.
Published: February 2018

This paper, as the written version of the 1995 AMS Walter Orr Roberts Lecture, provides an overview of the current status of the inclusion of land surface processes in climate models. These processes provide fluxes of water and energy to atmospheric models and help determine surface meteorology and climate over the continents. With the increasing complexity and importance of these parameterizations and their detailed treatments of the roles of soils and vegetation have come greater demands for observational programs to evaluate their success and to provide required parameters. Intercomparisons between different land models are also becoming increasingly valuable as a means of identifying their weaknesses and limitations.

The paper especially highlights the need for further emphasis on the coupling between land and the atmosphere in models. In particular, it calls for further evolution and improvement of the model treatments of precipitation, cloud effects on surface radiation, and boundary layer processes.
Importance of Late Fall ENSO Teleconnection in the Euro-Atlantic Sector
Authors: King Martin P. , Herceg-Bulić Ivana , Bladé Ileana , García-Serrano Javier , Keenlyside Noel , Kucharski Fred , Li Camille , Sobolowski Stefan
Published: March 2018

Recent studies have indicated the importance of fall climate forcings and teleconnections in influencing the climate of the northern mid- to high latitudes. Here, we present some exploratory analyses using observational data and seasonal hindcasts, with the aim of highlighting the potential of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as a driver of climate variability during boreal late fall and early winter (November and December) in the North Atlantic–European sector, and motivating further research on this relatively unexplored topic. The atmospheric ENSO teleconnection in November and December is reminiscent of the east Atlantic pattern and distinct from the well-known arching extratropical Rossby wave train found from January to March. Temperature and precipitation over Europe in November are positively correlated with the Niño-3.4 index, which suggests a potentially important ENSO climate impact during late fall. In particular, the ENSO-related temperature anomaly extends over a much larger area than during the subsequent winter months. We discuss the implications of these results and pose some research questions.
Evaluating Emergent Constraints on Equilibrium Climate Sensitivity
Authors: Caldwell Peter M. , Zelinka Mark D. , Klein Stephen A.
Published: February 2018

Emergent constraints are quantities that are observable from current measurements and have skill predicting future climate. This study explores 19 previously proposed emergent constraints related to equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS; the global-average equilibrium surface temperature response to CO2doubling). Several constraints are shown to be closely related, emphasizing the importance for careful understanding of proposed constraints. A new method is presented for decomposing correlation between an emergent constraint and ECS into terms related to physical processes and geographical regions. Using this decomposition, one can determine whether the processes and regions explaining correlation with ECS correspond to the physical explanation offered for the constraint. Shortwave cloud feedback is generally found to be the dominant contributor to correlations with ECS because it is the largest source of intermodel spread in ECS. In all cases, correlation results from interaction between a variety of terms, reflecting the complex nature of ECS and the fact that feedback terms and forcing are themselves correlated with each other. For 4 of the 19 constraints, the originally proposed explanation for correlation is borne out by our analysis. These four constraints all predict relatively high climate sensitivity. The credibility of six other constraints is called into question owing to correlation with ECS coming mainly from unexpected sources and/or lack of robustness to changes in ensembles. Another six constraints lack a testable explanation and hence cannot be confirmed. The fact that this study casts doubt upon more constraints than it confirms highlights the need for caution when identifying emergent constraints from small ensembles.
Voluntary- and Involuntary-Distraction Engagement: An Exploratory Study of Individual Differences
Authors: Chen Huei-Yen Winnie , Hoekstra-Atwood Liberty , Donmez Birsen
Published: February 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore individual differences in voluntary and involuntary driver-distraction engagement.

Background

Distractions may stem from intentional engagement in secondary tasks (voluntary) or failing to suppress non-driving-related stimuli or information (involuntary). A wealth of literature has examined voluntary distraction; involuntary distraction is not particularly well understood. Individual factors, such as age, are known to play a role in how drivers engage in distractions. However, it is unclear which individual factors are associated with voluntary- versus involuntary-distraction engagement and whether there is a relation between how drivers engage in these two distraction types.

Method

Thirty-six participants, ages 25 to 39, drove in a simulator under three conditions: voluntary distraction with a self-paced visual-manual task on a secondary display, involuntary distraction with abrupt onset of irrelevant visual-audio stimuli on the secondary display, and no distraction.

Results

The number of glances toward the secondary display under voluntary distraction was not correlated to that under involuntary distraction. The former was associated with gender, age, annual mileage, and self-reported distraction engagement; such associations were not observed for the latter. Accelerator release time in response to lead-vehicle braking was delayed similarly under both conditions.

Conclusion

Propensity to engage in voluntary distractions appears to be not related to the inability of suppressing involuntary distractions. Further, voluntary and involuntary distraction both affect braking response. These findings have implications for design of in-vehicle technologies, which may be sources of both distraction types.
Keller's Operation with Basal Osteotomy of First Metatarsal
Authors: Allum R L , Higginson D W
Published: February 2018

A retrospective survey was carried out to assess the results in the middle aged and elderly of an operation for hallux valgus which combined a basal osteotomy of the first metatarsal with a Keller's procedure. Mean follow up in 34 patients (54 feet) was 3.2 years. The correction of both the hallux valgus and the varus angle of the first metatarsal was found to be satisfactory. The advantages and disadvantages of the operation are discussed.
Excision of thoracic vertebral chondrosarcoma after spinal decompression
Authors: Asakawa Ayaka , Ishibashi Hironori , Kobayashi Masashi , Hachimaru Tsuyoshi , Arai Hirokuni , Okubo Kenichi
Published: February 2018

A 44-year-old man presented with an abnormal chest shadow. Computed tomography-guided biopsy showed a chondral tumor of the thoracic vertebrae. Five years later, he developed a walking disorder, left leg numbness, and a vesicorectal disorder. Emergency orthopedic spinal decompression was performed. Eight months later, the residual tumor had become larger and was adjacent to the aorta. Prior to thoracotomy, an intraaortic stent was inserted. The 4th and 5th ribs were invaded by the tumor. The entire tumor and chest wall were excised with the aortic adventitia. The tumor was diagnosed as a low-grade chondrosarcoma of the thoracic vertebrae.
Precompetitive appraisal, performance anxiety and confidence in conservatorium musicians: A case for coping
Authors: Osborne Margaret S. , McPherson Gary E.
Published: February 2018

The way musicians appraise their abilities to succeed in a forthcoming evaluative performance impacts on the range of emotions they will experience. According to Lazarus’ cognitive-motivational-relational theory, emotions may wield powerful consequences depending on whether the performance is interpreted as a threat (high importance/primary appraisal; low coping prospects/secondary appraisal), or challenge (high importance; high coping prospects). Thirty-six Bachelor of Music students at a large University music school completed an adaptation of the Precompetitive Appraisal Measure (PAM) and Competitive State Anxiety Inventory–2R-D twice in relation to their end-of-semester recital: at the start of semester, and within an hour before their recital. Primary and secondary appraisals formed theoretically consistent and reliable evaluations of threat and challenge. Secondary appraisals were significantly lower for students who viewed the performance as a threat. Students who viewed the performance as a challenge reported significantly less cognitive anxiety and higher self-confidence. Findings indicate that the PAM is a brief and reliable measure of cognitive appraisals that trigger precompetitive emotions of anxiety and confidence which can be used to identify those performers who could benefit from pre-performance intervention strategies to manage performance stress.
ATGAM Associated Coagulopathy in Renal Transplant Patients: A Report of Two Unusual Cases
Authors: Trivedi H.S. , Lal S.M. , Gupta N. , Ross G.
Published: March 2018

Polyclonal antibodies, used for both induction and rejection therapy in renal transplant recipients, are associated with such side effects as chills and fever. We describe two patients who developed a coagulopathy during antithymocyte globulin (ATGAM) therapy, a previously unknown complication. The laboratory tests revealed prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times and thrombocytopenia. Discontinuation of ATGAM therapy resulted in correction of these abnormalities.
Association between the emissions of volatile organic compounds from vehicular cabin materials and temperature: Correlation and exposure analysis
Authors: Yang Tao , Zhang Pianpian , Xiong Jianyin
Published: February 2018

In-cabin air pollution may be mainly ascribed to the emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from vehicular cabin materials. Some measurement methods have been proposed by organizations around the world to evaluate the quality of cabin materials. According to the widely used German Standard VDA278, the emission quantity of VOCs from cabin materials over a certain period is taken as an indicator of quality. The VOC emission quantity is generally related to temperature, but the quantitative association between emissions and temperature has not been previously reported. In this paper, we derive a theoretical relationship between the short- and mid-term VOC emission quantity ( M) and temperature ( T) and show that the logarithm of MT−1/8 is linear with 1/ T. Experimental data in the literature on VOC emissions from four vehicular materials at varying temperatures were used for analysis. The logarithm of MT−1/8 and 1/ T was found to follow a good linear association with R2 being 0.89–0.99, which is in agreement with the theoretical relationship. Using this relationship, the VOC emission quantity at a temperature different from the test condition can be predicted. In addition, preliminary exposure analysis was conducted to predict the health risks from selected VOCs detected from emissions in vehicular cabin environments under various temperature scenarios.
Measuring exchange norms and its impact on satisfaction in a B2C context
Authors: Elommal Najoua , Manita Riadh , Chaney Damien
Published: March 2018

This research investigates the relevance of exchange norms in a business-to-consumer context and studies the impact of both relational and discrete norms on customer satisfaction in services. As existing scales focus only on relational norms and are mostly limited to business-to-business contexts, Study 1 ( n = 164) proposes measurement scales for seven exchanges norms adapted to a business-to-consumer context: Reciprocity, The Linking norms, Creation and restraint of power, Role integrity, Solidarity, Flexibility, and Effectuation of consent. Study 2 ( n = 295) tests the influence on these norms on customer satisfaction. The article demonstrates that exchange norms as a whole positively affect customer satisfaction and, more specifically, that relational norms explain satisfaction better than discrete norms. The findings also show that, contrary to customer relationship proneness, relationship duration moderates the link between exchange norms and customer satisfaction.
Amelioration of right ventricular systolic function and stiffness in a patient with idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension treated with oral triple combination therapy
Authors: Nakaya Toshitaka , Tsujino Ichizo , Ohira Hiroshi , Sato Takahiro , Watanabe Taku , Oyama‐Manabe Noriko , Nishimura Masaharu
Published: February 2018

Right ventricular (RV) function is an important determinant of the prognosis in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In the context of recent therapeutic progress, there is an increasing need for better monitoring of RV function for management of PAH. We present the case of a 42‐year‐old woman with idiopathic PAH who was treated with three oral pulmonary vasodilators, i.e. tadalafil, ambrisentan, and beraprost. At the baseline assessment, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was 45 mmHg, cardiac index (CI) was 1.36 L/min/m2, and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was elevated to 21.3 Wood units (WU). However, three months after the start of combination treatment, mPAP and PVR decreased to 42 mmHg and 7.5 WU, respectively, and conventional indices of RV function, such as CI, right atrial area, and right atrial pressure also improved. Beyond three months, however, there were no further improvements in mPAP, PVR, or indices of RV function. In addition, we calculated three recently introduced indices of intrinsic RV function: end‐systolic elastance (Ees; an index of RV contractility), Ees/arterial elastance ratio (Ees/Ea; an index of RV/pulmonary arterial coupling), and β (an index of RV stiffness) using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and Swan‐Ganz catheterization measurements. Notably, in contrast to conventional parameters, Ees, Ees/Ea, and β showed persistent improvement during the entire two‐year follow‐up. The application of Ees, Ees/Ea, and β may play an additional role in a comprehensive assessment of RV function in PAH.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of acute complex proximal humeral fractures: Influence of greater tuberosity healing on the functional outcomes
Authors: Torrens Carlos , Alentorn-Geli Eduard , Mingo Felipe , Gamba Carlo , Santana Fernando
Published: February 2018

Purpose:

To investigate the influence of greater tuberosity healing on the functional outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) for the treatment of acute complex proximal humeral fractures (PHFs), and to investigate the influence of patient- and surgery-related factors in the healing of the greater tuberosity.

Methods:

Retrospective study including 41 consecutive PHFs treated using RSA with minimum 2-year follow-up. In all the cases, tuberosities were reattached with a standardized technique. All the patients were assessed at the last follow-up with constant score. Body mass index, surgery delay, comorbidities, polyethylene size, glenosphere size, overhanging of glenosphere, and scapular notch were recorded, and their influence in final constant score and in greater tuberosity healing was analyzed.

Results:

Mean final constant score was of 60.7 points (standard deviation (SD) = 9.9). Greater tuberosity healed in proper position in 68% of the cases. There were no significant differences in constant score between patients with (mean = 61; SD = 9.5) and without (mean = 61; SD = 11.3) the healing of greater tuberosity. All patients scored above 90° in forward elevation. Scapular notch was reported in 14.6% of the cases. Age significantly affected the constant score ( p = 0.008). Comorbidities significantly interfered with greater tuberosity healing ( p = 0.03). There was one reoperation after dislocation.

Conclusion:

In spite of expecting good functional outcome with low complication rate after RSA for acute PHFs, the influence of greater tuberosity healing on shoulder function could not be demonstrated. The presence of comorbidities, but not age or gender, negatively influenced the healing of the greater tuberosity.
Human herpesvirus 6 viremia affects T-cell reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: de Koning Coco , Admiraal Rick , Nierkens Stefan , Boelens Jaap Jan
Published: February 2018

Key Points

Only high HHV6 viremia (>105 copies/mL) affects late but not early T-cell reconstitution after HCT. Antivirals improve T-cell reconstitution probability in the context of HHV6 viremia after HCT.
Festival psychiatry
Authors: Rodin Ian , Braithwaite Richard
Published: March 2018

This article is based on our experience of volunteering for the charity Festival Medical Services, to provide mental healthcare at the Glastonbury Festival of Contemporary Performing Arts and the Reading Festival. It describes the history of these annual events and the development of medical and psychiatric services offered. Principles of assessment and management of mental disorder in festival settings are outlined and common psychiatric presentations are described. Legal aspects of care are discussed. The article is intended primarily to inform others of this interesting and unusual form of mental healthcare and we hope that aspects of our experience will prompt reflection on psychiatric practice in other settings.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

•

Understand how psychiatric care is provided at the Glastonbury and Reading Festivals

•

Recognise the symptoms and signs of organic and functional conditions likely to present to psychiatrists at festivals

•

Identify the principles of psychiatric management in festival settings

DECLARATION OF INTEREST

I.R. and R.B. gain free entry to the Glastonbury and Reading Festivals through their voluntary work with Festival Medical Services.
Statistics of Insanity of the Crichton Royal Institution, Dumfries
Authors: Stewart Hugh G.
Published: February 2018

As mental disease is generally of longer duration than other diseases, especially as seen in asylums for the insane—as it may be of life-long duration, and may frequently recur, or threaten to recur, in a single individual—to obtain a perfect knowledge of insanity, its history should extend from the earliest symptoms, and its subject be traced throughout life. Hence statistics which are made from records extending over a greater number of years are much more valuable than those which embody the results of a shorter period. A perfect series of statistical tables would require to exhibit, as far as they can, the complete history of every case, from the commencement of the mental disease until the death of the individual. This, however, is almost impossible. Dr. Thurnam,∗ under peculiar circumstances, has been able to give a series of statistics which trace the history of individuals beyond the asylum walls; but in ordinary cases such completeness is not obtainable, and we must content ourselves with less perfect results. Generally the history of the patient ceases when he leaves the asylum, and any facts we may obtain in his subsequent career are so few, and possibly inaccurate, that they cannot be embodied as trustworthy statistics. The history of those dying in the asylum, and of those under observation for five years or more, is more complete; but such cases are only those in whom treatment has been unsuccessful. In the cases of readmission, however, we have generally more trustworthy data, and are thus enabled to trace many subjects of mental disease throughout life.
Uniformity in Public Asylum Reports
Authors: Campbell J. A. , Todd J.
Published: February 2018

The subject of a uniform system of asylum statistics has occupied the attention of some of the most eminent alienists in this country, among whom we may mention Dr. Thurnam, Dr. Conolly, Sir Charles Hood, Dr. Bucknill, Dr. Robertson, and Dr. Maudsley. In a very able paper on this subject, published in the January number of this Journal for 1861, Dr. Robertson gave forms of Medical and Financial Tables, and made suggestions as to the Domestic Statistics for an Asylum Report which are now very generally adopted in substance in the best English Asylum Reports.
On Decoration and Furnishing of Asylums
Authors: Urquhart A. R.
Published: February 2018

I submit the following suggestions in reference to the Decoration and Furnishing of Asylums in response to the appeal of Dr. Savage at last year's General Meeting of the Society—his request that members should take up subjects connected with the everyday practical details of asylum management. I trust that this may prove helpful, and that the limits imposed upon a single paper will not be meagre to baldness.
The Prognosis in Insanity
Authors: Thomson D. G.
Published: February 2018

The subject of the Prognosis in Insanity is a most interesting and important one. The prognosis—prospect of recovery or the reverse in any disease—is the one point around which the hopes and fears of our patients and their friends centre, but perhaps this is more true of insanity than any other ill that flesh is heir to; the interests, as a rule, are great and far-reaching. This is at once apparent when we consider that besides the ordinary domestic relationships at stake such as obtain in all other diseases, the liberty of the subject, administration of the patient's affairs and property by legal inquisition while he is yet alive, and the great question of responsibility, social or criminal, add grave importance to the question at issue.
Case of Idiocy with Paralysis and Congenital Aphasia; Atrophy of Convolutions. (With lithographs.)
Authors: Shaw James
Published: February 2018

G. L. was admitted for the second time on the 1st March, 1880, aged 18 years.
3. German Retrospect
Authors: Ireland William W.
Published: February 2018

We have received the first number of the “Neurologisches Centralblatt,” published in Berlin at the beginning of this year. It is edited by Dr. E. Mendel, whose book on General Paralysis is reviewed in the present number of our Journal. In the programme the editor expresses his design to endeavour to establish a closer connection between the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the nervous system and the medical treatment of insanity. The bridges connecting these departments of knowledge are frail and narrow. Dr. Mendel hopes to widen and strengthen them.
On Escapes, Liberty, Happiness, and “Unlocked Doors,” as they affect Patients in Asylums
Authors: Campbell J. A.
Published: February 2018

During the year ending 1883, I had rather an unusual number of escapes, and as two ended fatally from exposure, I thought it only fitting to glance over the escape-book and see the results of previous years. I may here mention that the two patients who died were dements, that one had been 17 years in Garland's Asylum, the other 15, that neither had shown a disposition to escape previously, that one died after two days' exposure, he having been found alive, and that the body of the other was found seven days after his escape; also that all means likely to be of avail in retaking these patients were made use of.
The Significance of Acidosis in Certain Nervous Disorders
Authors: Shaw B. H.
Published: February 2018

The clinical evidence of acidosis is the detection of acetone bodies in the urine. Acetone is formed from diacetic acid by the splitting off of carbonic acid, the origin of diacetic acid being in part from fats and in part from proteins. Oxybutyric acid is also formed from diacetic acid by reduction, consequently the presence of acetone bodies in the urine always means that acidosis is taking place. A delicate test is that known as Rothera's, which is quite simple, and will detect acetone in minute dilution:
Observations on General Paralysis of the Insane and on the Morbid Changes found on Post-mortem Examination in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Boyd Robt
Published: February 2018

The following observations are mainly the result of the author's experience during twenty years in the Somerset. County Asylum; many of them have appeared from time to time in his annual reports of that institution.
The Physiology of Mind in the Lower Animals
Authors: Lindsay W. Lauder
Published: February 2018

“In all departments of investigation, it is right to commence with the study of that which is most common, simple, and regular: and thence to proceed to inquiries respecting that which is unusual and irregular.”
An Analysis of the Post-Mortem Appearances in 235 Insane Persons
Authors: Howden James C.
Published: February 2018

Anyone who has attempted to work up statistical facts from a Pathological Record must have felt how much time and trouble were wasted in wading through case after case which had no connection whatever with the subject in hand.
How and What we perceive by means of Touch, and the Muscular Sense, on the Basis of Sir William Hamilton's Researches
Authors: Davies W. G.
Published: February 2018

It was a feature peculiar to the late Sir W. Hamilton's character to avoid writing on any subject, with a view to publicity, until he had mastered everything extant which had previously been written upon it. It is said that when Hamilton, on its first appearance, read Whately's Rhetoric, he accused the author of plagiarism. A mutual friend suggested that Whately most probably had never even heard of the sources supposed to have been laid under contribution. Then why, asked Hamilton, did he presume to write on the subject at all? Now it is just because Hamilton himself was so punctilious in this respect that his researches are of great value to the psychologist. The investigator who masters these, and builds on them, may feel confident that he does not break with the past, but that his conclusions legitimately spring, as all such conclusions should do, positively, out of the capital of knowledge which our forefathers have amassed, and negatively, out of the errors they have committed.
Further Observations on General Paralysis of the Insane, and on the Morbid Changes found on Post-mortem Examination in the Spinal Cord
Authors: Boyd R.
Published: February 2018

In my communication on General Paralysis in the previous number of the Journal, reference is made to tables, showing various particulars in 124 males and 31 females suffering from this disease, and in whom post-mortem examinations were made during a period extending over 20 years. As these tables were found to be too voluminous for publication in the Journal an analysis or summary only was given. A further reference to the subject may not be uninteresting, especially as relates to the spinal canal, the spinal cord, and investing membranes, since any notice of their condition in insane persons is entirely omitted, even by recent observers. These morbid changes, so frequently noticed by myself and colleagues at the Somerset County Asylum, and in many instances submitted to others for microscopical examination, can only have been overlooked in other institutions from the difficulty of exposing the spinal cord, so as to admit of its complete examination, the instruments in common use not being suitable for the purpose. Those I have been in the habit of using for dividing the spinal column, after laying it bare with a large-sized scalpel, are a common tenon saw, a chisel and mallet, the same as used in opening the skull, and both operations may be performed with equal facility after a little practice.