bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSISTENCE OF REAL EXCHANGE RATES IN THE CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
Authors: BAHARUMSHAH Ahmad Zubaidi , SOON Siew-Voon , FOUNTAS Stilianos , MOHAMAD SHARIFF Nurul Sima
Published: June 2016

We investigate the mean reversion in real exchange rates for Central and Eastern European countries. We use point and confidence interval estimates from the Phillips et al.’s (2001) local-persistent model as our preferred measures of the persistence of real exchange rates. We find that the adjustment to purchasing power parity is more rapid after accounting for structural breaks, with half-life deviation from parity below 18 months, which is consistent with the explanation based on nominal rigidities. The estimated narrow confidence intervals for the half-lives invalidate the purchasing power parity puzzle for transition and some core European Union countries. The novelty of our results lies in the finding of strong evidence for purchasing power parity as the local-persistent model produces shorter half-lives and much narrower corresponding confidence intervals than those obtained by standard Dickey-Fuller and local-to-unity models. Our evidence for PPP suggests that the transition countries have maintained their long-run competitiveness against their trading partners.
THE DISCOVERY OF RAMAN SCATTERING IN H II REGIONS
Authors: Dopita Michael A. , Nicholls David C. , Sutherland Ralph S. , Kewley Lisa J. , Groves Brent A.
Published: June 2016

We report here on the discovery of faint extended wings of Hα observed out to an apparent velocity of ∼7600 km s−1 in the Orion Nebula (M42) and in five H ii regions in the Large and the Small Magellanic Clouds. We show that these wings are caused by Raman scattering of both the O i and Si ii resonance lines and stellar continuum UV photons with H i followed by radiative decay to the H i
n = 2 level. The broad wings also seen in Hβ and in Hγ result from Raman scattering of the UV continuum in the H i
n = 4 and n = 5 levels, respectively. The Raman scattering fluorescence is correlated with the intensity of the narrow permitted lines of O i and Si ii. In the case of Si ii, this is explained by radiative pumping of the same 1023.7 Å resonance line involved in the Raman scattering by the Lyβ radiation field. The subsequent radiative cascade produces enhanced Si ii
λλ5978.9, 6347.1, and 6371.4 Å permitted transitions. Finally, we show that in O i, radiative pumping of the 1025.76 Å resonance line by the Lyman series radiation field is also the cause of the enhancement in the permitted lines of this species lying near Hα in wavelength, but here the process is a little more complex. We argue that all these processes are active in the zone of the H ii region near the ionization front.
« J’aimerais être une antenne »
Authors: Rodriguez Sandra
Published: June 2016

Cet article explore les multiples raisons qui poussent de jeunes militants à recourir au Web et aux médias sociaux dans le cadre d’actions engagées, comme espaces d’expérimentation, de résistance et de relation aux autres. Il met en lumière le rôle, la valeur et la portée que ces jeunes attribuent aux actions menées en ligne, rappelant leur inscription au cœur de pratiques quotidiennes et au croisement d’une multiplication des modes de participation et des modes d’interaction qui marquent leur univers social et politique. Il souligne les logiques d’action et le sens de l’engagement dont témoignent leurs usages sociomédiatiques et leurs pratiques engagées. Loin des perspectives technocentristes, le sens que ces jeunes militants donnent à leurs actions révèle une remise en question de ce qui sous-tend le changement social dans un contexte médiatique lui-même complexe.
L’individualisme solidariste des actrices de Gezi et l’émergence de nouveaux sujets
Authors: Türkmen Buket
Published: June 2016

Alors que les femmes sont majoritaires dans la résistance de Gezi, les constats et les analyses publiées sous-estiment cette caractéristique « féminine » et se concentrent plutôt sur le nouveau langage de résistance et de mouvement social. Cette contribution a voulu combler cette lacune en donnant la parole aux femmes activistes de Gezi. L’auteure observe d’abord ce que signifie, pour la société turque, l’émergence d’un nouveau type d’individualisme, l’individualisme solidariste, et son impact sur la subjectivation des activistes femmes jeunes et sur celle des femmes de la génération précédente. Elle interroge ensuite la constitution de nouveaux types d’organisation et d’alteractivisme, en essayant de comprendre quels sont les écarts entre ce nouveau type d’activisme et celui hérité de la génération précédente. Ce dernier ne va pas forcément dans le sens d’un renforcement de la capacité d’agir et de devenir acteur dans la société.
L’actualité de la Grande Guerre et de son règlement dans le Moyen-Orient contemporain
Authors: de Gayffier-Bonneville Anne-Claire
Published: June 2016

À l’heure où des forces politiques ébranlent les constructions étatiques issues de l’Empire ottoman, nous postulons qu’un regard par-dessus un siècle peut éclairer certains enjeux des évolutions les plus récentes. Notre étude s’organise autour de trois axes, en premier lieu la formation de la Turquie moderne qui enterre le projet d’autonomie kurde. Or, la guerre conduite par les Kurdes contre le groupe « État islamique » donne à cette communauté oubliée l’espoir d’une reconnaissance par la communauté internationale. Dans un second temps, nous nous intéresserons à la formation des États arabes, aujourd’hui défiés par « l’État islamique ». Enfin, le chef de guerre Abû Bakr al-Baghdâdî prétend faire revivre, à travers la proclamation du califat, une institution multiséculaire abolie en 1924.
Le canal de Suez : une route stratégique au cœur des conflits du Moyen-Orient au XX e siècle
Authors: Piquet Caroline
Published: June 2016

Entre Méditerranée et mer Rouge, entre Afrique et Asie, le canal de Suez est une voie majeure de contrôle du Moyen-Orient. Au xx e  siècle, il compte parmi les routes qui ont soulevé le plus de passions, de conflits géopolitiques et d’enjeux économiques aussi bien à l’échelle internationale que régionale. Lors des deux guerres mondiales, il s’impose comme un élément essentiel de la maîtrise de la Méditerranée. Des années 1950 aux années 1970, il condense les tensions qui secouent le Moyen-Orient, à la fois symbole de la décolonisation dans un contexte de guerre froide et front militaire lors des guerres israélo-arabes. Enfin, le canal de Suez représente pour l’Égypte un enjeu de premier plan quant à sa stabilité : emblème de la reconquête politique et de l’indépendance économique, il demeure l’objet de tensions dans un Moyen-Orient soumis à la question pétrolière et aux risques terroristes et de piraterie.
Palestine-Israël : Moments structurants et droit international (1917-2015)
Authors: Antonius Rachad
Published: June 2016

Partant d’une analyse du débat de 1922 à la Chambre des Lords britannique au sujet du Mandat sur la Palestine, ce texte propose une lecture de la transformation de la Palestine fondée sur trois moments structurants: 1917-1922, 1947-1949, et 1989-1993. Les règles du jeu établies à chacun de ces moments ont prédéterminé la palette des issues possibles pour les décennies suivantes. Chaque moment est caractérisé par un recours différencié au droit international par le mouvement sioniste puis par l’État d’Israël : d’abord une légitimation de l’entreprise par le recours indirect au droit, via la puissance mandataire ; puis un recours sélectif au droit international en tant qu’acteur étatique ; et enfin un contournement du droit international par la soustraction processus de négociation au contrôle de l’ONU.
Le capital humain,
Authors: Châteauneuf-Malclès Anne
Published: June 2016

Les économistes ont montré que le capital humain était une source essentielle de croissance et de compétitivité. Pourtant, la priorité est donnée en France à la baisse du coût du travail non qualifié plutôt qu’à l’amélioration de la qualité des emplois. Face au niveau préoccupant des compétences des adultes français et à d’importantes inégalités d’accès à la formation professionnelle, il convient de rendre cette dernière plus efficace et attractive pour les travailleurs les plus exposés à la concurrence internationale et aux mutations technologiques.
Grandir quand on est mineur isolé
Authors: Radjack Rahmethnissah , Minassian Sevan , Moro Marie Rose
Published: June 2016

Résumé Le parcours des mineurs isolés étrangers accueillis en France est semé de multiples obstacles et paradoxes. Accompagner ces jeunes pour bien grandir constitue un véritable défi pour les professionnels qui les ont en charge. La Maison des adolescents de l’hôpital Cochin a mis en place une recherche ciblée sur la relation entre jeune et éducateur autour de la coconstruction d’un récit sur son parcours et sur ses représentations. Cette recherche interventionniste induit un changement. Un de ses objectifs est d’aider le jeune à se construire en retrouvant un fil directeur entre son passé, son présent et son avenir, malgré toutes les ruptures subies. Pour représenter les difficultés du grandir, nous évoquons le témoignage d’un des jeunes inclus. Les médiations sont utiles comme support à la narration : nous décrivons les apports d’objets par les jeunes et la passation d’un circle test .
Grandir « retiré » de sa famille : quelques enjeux cliniques et institutionnels concernant les enfants et les adolescents placés
Authors: Bronsard Guillaume , Bruneau Nathalie
Published: June 2016

Résumé Grandir retiré de sa famille constitue une anomalie, imposée et rendue nécessaire par le constat de la mise en danger du développement de l’enfant s’il restait dans son environnement naturel. Cette situation est facilement prise dans des enjeux éthiques et psychoaffectifs intenses et contradictoires qui déstabilisent les professionnels, dont le rôle est justement d’apaiser la situation. Ces enfants présentent une très haute vulnérabilité médico-psychiatrique et sociale, avec laquelle les professionnels vont devoir travailler. La problématique ressortant facilement au moins dans trois champs (pédopsychiatrie, protection de l’enfance, justice des mineurs), il va falloir que les différents professionnels prennent garde à ne pas attendre et intensément souhaiter que les professionnels des autres champs soient « plus adaptés et opportuns » qu’eux. Le nécessaire travail interdisicplinaire doit être régulé, entretenu et soigné. Les mda ont l’histoire, les statuts et les moyens pour organiser ces partenariats et suivis spécifiques.
Les jeunes : classe d’âge et âge de classes
Authors: Lebon Francis , de Linarès Chantal
Published: June 2016

Résumé Il existe une sociologie de la jeunesse, notamment avec l’idée d’une culture « jeune » différente de celle des autres âges de la vie. Les auteurs ici défendent l’idée que la classe d’âge des jeunes ne doit pas masquer les rapports de classe entre jeunes. Il y a les jeunes des centres-villes, des faubourgs, des lotissements et des cités, et ils ne forment pas un groupe homogène. Reprenant les idées de Bourdieu et Chamboredon, l’article dresse un panorama rapide de ce qui clive socialement cette classe d’âge.
L’adolescent et l’épreuve de la solitude
Authors: Dupont Sébastien
Published: June 2016

Résumé L’adolescence, en tant que période d’autonomisation vis-à-vis des parents, de la famille, et, de façon plus générale, du monde de l’enfance, est, dans son essence même, une épreuve de solitude. Cet article se propose de parcourir les principales dimensions de cette problématique psycho-sociologique de la solitude à l’adolescence, qui s’avère particulièrement complexe et souvent paradoxale. Il aborde, tout en les distinguant, les questions du sentiment de solitude, de l’isolement relationnel, de l’expérience de la solitude réelle, du rôle des multimédias, etc.
Grandir : quand l’adolescent paraît...
Authors: Boudailliez Bernard , Bovin Émilie
Published: June 2016

Résumé La poussée de croissance annonciatrice de l’entrée en puberté et de l’émergence de la sexualité adulte est constitutive de l’adolescence (comme cela est soutendu par l’étymologie du mot adolescence, adolescere  : grandir, croître). Après un rappel de données auxologiques et du déroulement pubertaire normal, nous analysons successivement : a) la question de la norme, les variations autour de la normale et les représentations par l’adolescent, ses pairs et les parents de ce qui est perçu comme taille normale ; b) la question du retard statural et/ou retard pubertaire : le contexte étiologique, le retentissement du fait du regard renvoyé par la société du caractère négatif d’une petite taille, la demande de correction sont examinés. Le développement d’un questionnaire de qualité de vie dédié à l’évaluation des petites tailles devrait permettre une évaluation plus juste du retentissement psychosocial d’une petite taille ; c) la question des avances staturales, qu’elles s’inscrivent dans un contexte constitutionnel, familial ou syndromique, ou dans le cadre d’une puberté précoce, est développée. La mission du médecin pédiatre, à l’issue d’une démarche diagnostique complète, consiste à comprendre, expliquer, accompagner, éduquer, inciter à la patience. Hormis quelques rares (de l’ordre de 5 %) situations cliniques justifiant une intervention thérapeutique spécifique, il s’agit surtout d’ouvrir la discussion pour faciliter « le vivre avec », l’acceptation des différences inhérentes au vivant et le refus des clichés qui ont la vie dure. Au sein d’une Maison des adolescents, le praticien (pédiatre, médecin de famille) a toute sa place : son rôle dans l’accompagnement du grandir peut être essentiel auprès d’un adolescent tourmenté par la question de la normalité de sa croissance staturale et pubertaire.
Grandir et se soigner : accompagner l’adolescent vers une autonomie dans les soins
Authors: Abadie Isabelle
Published: June 2016

Résumé À l’adolescence, les jeunes vont acquérir une certaine autonomie. Dans le domaine de la santé, cette autonomisation nécessite certains préalables comme une estime de soi suffisante, une éducation à prendre soin de soi. Elle se fait en remaniant progressivement la place des différents acteurs de la consultation : celle de l’adolescent qui va désormais être au cœur de la consultation dans une relation duelle avec le soignant basée sur la confidentialité, celle des parents qui vont, de fait, passer en arrière-plan mais avec encore un rôle fondamental de soutien pour leur enfant, et celle du soignant qui se doit d’aider chacun à trouver sa juste place. L’absence de parents mobilisables, loin de faciliter le processus d’autonomisation, me semble au contraire le rendre plus délicat, avec un risque accru de rupture dans les soins qui oblige les professionnels gravitant autour de ces adolescents à être beaucoup plus vigilants et créatifs pour proposer malgré tout l’accompagnement de qualité dont ils ont besoin.
La perversion transitoire, un aménagement défensif ? L’exemple de la violence sexuelle
Authors: Pelladeau Élise , Marchand Jean-Baptiste
Published: June 2016

Résumé L’article porte sur la question de l’aspect transitoire de la perversion sexuelle à l’adolescence. Dans une première partie, ils analysent à ce sujet la littérature de Freud en regard des approches universitaires récentes. Puis, deux vignettes portant sur deux adolescents emprisonnés pour viols sur mineurs permettent d’illustrer la difficulté de trancher définitivement sur la question posée. Les auteurs terminent en posant la question de l’emprisonnement des mineurs auteurs d’actes pervers violents, qui ne serait pas le meilleur environnement pour une approche thérapeutique minimale.
Nursing Students' Preferences in the Use of Computer Assisted Learning
Authors: Koch Eric W. , Rankin James A. , Stewart Richard
Published: June 2016

One hundred and ten student nurses in the second year of a 3-year diploma program were surveyed following their use of computer assisted learning (CAL) programs. The questionnaire was designed to elicit responses concerning the preferred number of users per terminal, the level of supervision (supervised/unsupervised) and their general affective response to this type of learning.

The results showed that the majority (56.4%) of students preferred to work in a group (a group constituted no more than three students per terminal). Whereas 31.8% preferred to work through the program alone, just over 50% would rather be supervised while running the program, and 26.4% expressed a preference for no supervision. There was no relationship found between program content and running the program alone or with others. However, in 10% of the sample there was a positive relationship found between the need for supervision and program content. The reasons given for these preferences and the advantages and disadvantages of CAL, as perceived by the students, are also discussed.
Role Overload, Social Support, and Burnout Among Nursing Educators
Authors: Fong Carolyn M.
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between role overload, social support, and burnout among nursing educators. Ninety percent (
N
= 141) of nursing educators from eight campuses of the California State University system completed a four—part questionnaire. Later, in-depth interviews were conducted with 30 nursing educators and five chairpersons. The findings indicated that a demanding job correlated, significantly and positively with almost all aspects of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization of students, and decreased sense of accomplishment). The degree of support from one's chairperson and peers correlated significantly and negatively with almost all aspects of burnout. The findings from the interviews verified these relationships.

In the hierarchical regression analyses, a demanding job was the most important predictor of emotional exhaustion. Lack of peer support was the most important predictor of depersonalization towards students. Chairperson support was the most important predictor of a person's sense of accomplishment. Social support did not serve as a buffer against the negative effects of overload on burnout. It was concluded that attempts to alleviate burnout must directly address the extent of overload or the lack of support. Any attempt to mitigate the overload—burnout relationship by merely amplifying the amount of support is not likely to be effective.
El comercio de un monopolista. Volumen, contenido y sentido de la circulación, según un estudio de caso (Río de la Plata, 1770-1820)
Authors: Martín Schlez Mariano
Published: June 2016

El trabajo analiza la circulación dinamizada durante el período colonial tardío por el comerciante mayorista español, radicado en Buenos Aires, Diego de Agüero. Mediante la triangulación de diversos tipos de fuentes públicas y privadas, se mide el volumen del giro mercantil, se describe y pondera su contenido y se dilucida el sentido del flujo de riquezas.
Relaciones hispano-paraguayas durante la Primera Guerra Mundial: el «Banco de España y Paraguay» en Asunción
Authors: Dalla-Corte Caballero Gabriela
Published: June 2016

En 1895 el migrante español Camilo Pérez y Pérez decidió establecerse en la capital de la República del Paraguay, Asunción, y se encargó de fomentar las relaciones internacionales a través de la creación del «Banco de España y Paraguay». También fue nombrado corresponsal de la Revista Comercial Iberoamericana Mercurio, y delegado de la «Casa de América», ambas entidades americanistas barcelonesas. El proyecto llegó a su fin pocos años después del fin de la Primera Guerra, y la correspondencia se conserva hoy día en el Pabellón de la República de la Universidad de Barcelona.
Les théories perceptives de l’émotion en psychologie
Authors: Tcherkassof Anna
Published: June 2016

La psychologie oscille depuis toujours entre une approche physiologique de l’émotion et une approche intellectualiste, négligeant ainsi, dans la vie affective, ce qui est authentiquement affectif. Dans la vie courante, le terme émotion qualifie en premier lieu des phénomènes expérientiels qui sortent de l’ordinaire. En raison des mouvements de l’âme qui les caractérisent, les philosophes ont désigné ces phénomènes par des termes qui en soulignent la dimension cinétique : kinèsis pour Aristote et, plus tard, émotion pour Descartes, un mot qui à son époque signifiait émeute ou agitation. En effet, les ressentis émotionnels sont des perceptions de l’engagement dynamique du corps dans l’interaction. Pourtant, la qualité cinesthésique des émotions a toujours été délaissée par la plupart des théories psychologiques récentes qui ont privilégié le jugement axiologique tout aussi central dans les émotions.Cet exposé présente les arguments plaidant en faveur du renouveau d’un modèle perceptif de l’émotion permettant d’expliciter le lien entre intentionnalité et phénoménologie. Ce modèle propose de reconsidérer le processus de perception en se fondant sur la théorie écologique de Gibson (1979). Selon celle-ci, la perception est une extraction par l’action et l’affordance la possibilité d’action offerte à l’organisme par son environnement. Dans cette perspective, le modèle perceptif présenté ici conçoit les émotions comme livrant au sujet un monde chargé de valeurs, sous la forme d’objets invitant à l’action. En d’autres termes, la perception est énactive. La signification de l’objet ou de l’événement n’est pas une évaluation cognitive entendue comme un processus d’appréciation intellectuelle mais une forme de compréhension médiée par la propre mobilisation corporelle du sujet. Cette approche basée sur l’action relationnelle pourrait ainsi réconcilier l’approche physiologique et l’approche intellectualiste des émotions. Elle nécessite pour cela de s’engager dans un véritable tournant paradigmatique.
Consumer Studies student teachers’ affective experiences during project-based learning
Authors: Du Toit Adri , Havenga Marietjie , Van der Walt Marthie
Published: June 2016

The implementation of project-based learning has the potential to develop affective factors positively in students, which may foster self-directed lifelong learning. Lifelong learning is a key requirement for teachers to keep current and knowledgeable in their fields of expertise, as well as to satisfy the demands set for learners and teachers in the 21st century. This is especially important for teachers in Consumer Studies ‒ a dynamic and valuable subject in South African schools. Promoting lifelong, self-directed learning as part of the training of Consumer Studies student teachers is therefore essential. Several affective factors, for example motivation, contribute to the promotion of learning and can be developed through the selection of appropriate teaching-learning strategies. Affect can influence learning through memory processes, learning processes, attention span, experiences and motivation. A case study was undertaken to investigate how project-based learning contribute to affective factors within an existing university training programme for Consumer Studies student teachers and how it promotes their learning. Students registered for a Consumer Studies teacher preparation programme were selected as participants and data collected by means of open-ended questionnaires, weekly reflections, as well as focus group and individual interview sessions. Findings indicate that the application of project-based learning promoted affective factors in the student teachers, especially motivation, the value they placed on learning, as well as the development of a positive attitude towards learning ‒ all of which contribute to the promotion and development of positive learning experiences. Developers of preparation programmes for Consumer Studies student teachers could implement this information to enhance such programmes. Possibilities exist for further research regarding the connection between projectbased learning and other affective factors contributing to learning in Consumer Studies student teacher preparation programmes.
Factors that influence teachers’ use of GeoGebra for instruction
Authors: Stols Gerrit H. , Venter Stephan J. , Louw Elizabeth M.
Published: June 2016

This study investigated factors that influence teachers’ use of mathematics software (in this case GeoGebra) for teaching and learning. Participants in the study were purposefully selected from a group of teachers that have received software training, have access to computers, and are familiar with the software. Seventy-five respondents completed the structured questionnaires. Multiple regressions were used to investigate the relationship between the four constructs of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. These constructs are performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions on teachers’ intention to use the mathematics software. This study found that the combination of the four above mentioned constructs explained 30% of the variance in respondents’ intention to use the software. Facilitating conditions were not found to directly influence whether or not people actually used the software because all of them have access to computers. Teachers’intention to use GeoGebra was found to predict the actual use of GeoGebra for teaching and learning.Keywords: mathematics; teachers; technology; ICT; software
Visual assessment of the similarity between a patient and trial population
Authors: Cimino James , Cahan Amos
Published: June 2016

A critical consideration when applying the results of a clinical trial to a particular patient is the degree of similarity of the patient to the trial population. However, similarity assessment rarely is practical in the clinical setting. Here, we explore means to support similarity assessment by clinicians.

A scale chart was developed to represent the distribution of reported clinical and demographic characteristics of clinical trial participant populations. Constructed for an individual patient, the scale chart shows the patient’s similarity to the study populations in a graphical manner. A pilot test case was conducted using case vignettes assessed by clinicians. Two pairs of clinical trials were used, each addressing a similar clinical question. Scale charts were manually constructed for each simulated patient. Clinicians were asked to estimate the degree of similarity of each patient to the populations of a pair of trials. Assessors relied on either the scale chart, a summary table (aligning characteristics of 2 trial populations), or original trial reports. Assessment time and between-assessor agreement were compared. Population characteristics considered important by assessors were recorded.

Six assessors evaluated 6 cases each. Using a visual scale chart, agreement between physicians was higher and the time required for similarity assessment was comparable

We suggest that further research is warranted to explore visual tools facilitating the choice of the most applicable clinical trial to a specific patient. Automating patient and trial population characteristics extraction is key to support this effort.
Response of winter fine particulate matter concentrations to emission and meteorology changes in North China
Authors: Gao Meng , Carmichael G. R. , Saide P. E. , Lu Zifeng , Yu Man , Streets D. G. , Wang Zifa
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The winter haze is a growing problem in North China, but the causes have not been well understood. The chemistry version of the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) was applied in North China to examine how the PM2.5 concentrations change in response to changes in emissions (sulfur dioxide (SO2), black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), ammonia (NH3), and nitrogen oxides (NOx)), as well as meteorology (temperature, relative humidity (RH), and wind speeds) changes in winter. From 1960 to 2010, the dramatic changes in emissions lead to +260 % increases in sulfate, +320 % increases in nitrate, +300 % increases in ammonium, +160 % increases in BC and 50 % increases in OC. The responses of PM2.5 to individual emission specie indicate that the simultaneous increases in SO2, NH3 and NOx emissions dominated the increases in PM2.5 concentrations. PM2.5 is more sensitive to changes in SO2 and NH3 as compared to changes in NOx emissions. In addition, OC also accounts for a large fraction in PM2.5 changes. These results provide some implications for haze pollution control. The responses of PM2.5 concentrations to temperature increases are dominated by changes in wind fields and mixing heights. PM2.5 is not sensitive to temperature increases and RH decreases, compared to changes in wind speed and aerosol feedbacks. From 1960 to 2010, aerosol feedbacks have been significantly enhanced, due to higher aerosol loadings. The discussions in this study indicate that dramatic changes in emissions are the main cause of increasing haze events in North China, and long-term trends in atmospheric circulations maybe another important cause since PM2.5 is shown to be sensitive to wind speed and aerosol feedbacks. More studies are necessary to get a better understanding of the aerosol-circulation interactions.
Greenland Ice Sheet influence on Last Interglacial climate: global sensitivity studies performed with an atmosphere–ocean general circulation model
Authors: Pfeiffer Madlene , Lohmann Gerrit
Published: June 2016

Abstract. During the Last Interglacial (LIG, ∼130–115 kiloyears (kyr) before present (BP)), the northern high latitudes were characterized by higher temperatures than those of the late Holocene and a lower Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS). However, the impact of a reduced GIS on the global climate has not yet been well constrained. In this study, we quantify the contribution of the GIS to LIG warmth by performing various sensitivity studies based on equilibrium simulations, employing the Community Earth System Models (COSMOS), with a focus on height and extent of the GIS. We present the first study on the effects of a reduction in the GIS on the surface temperature (TS) on a global scale and separate the contribution of astronomical forcing and changes in GIS to LIG warmth. The strong Northern Hemisphere summer warming of approximately 2 °C (with respect to pre-industrial) is mainly caused by increased summer insolation. Reducing the height by  ∼ 1300 m and the extent of the GIS does not have a strong influence during summer, leading to an additional global warming of only +0.24 °C compared to the purely insolation-driven LIG. The effect of a reduction in the GIS is, however, strongest during local winter, with up to +5 °C regional warming and with an increase in global average temperature of +0.48 °C. In order to evaluate the performance of our LIG simulations, we additionally compare the simulated TS anomalies with marine and terrestrial proxy-based LIG temperature anomalies derived from three different proxy data compilations. Our model results are in good agreement with proxy records with respect to the warming pattern but underestimate the magnitude of temperature change when compared to reconstructions, suggesting a potential misinterpretation of the proxy records or deficits in our model. However, we are able to partly reduce the mismatch between model and data by additionally taking into account the potential seasonal bias of the proxy record and/or the uncertainties in the dating of the proxy records for the LIG thermal maximum. The seasonal bias and the uncertainty of the timing are estimated from new transient model simulations covering the whole LIG. The model–data comparison improves for proxies that represent annual mean temperatures when the GIS is reduced and when we take the local thermal maximum during the LIG (130–120 kyr BP) into account. For proxy data that represent summer temperatures, changes in the GIS are of minor importance for sea surface temperatures. However, the annual mean and summer temperature change over Greenland in the reduced GIS simulations seems to be overestimated as compared to the local ice core data, which could be related to the interpretation of the recorder system and/or the assumptions of GIS reduction. Thus, the question regarding the real size of the GIS during the LIG has yet to be answered.
Representation of spatial and temporal variability in large-domain hydrological models: case study for a mesoscale pre-Alpine basin
Authors: Melsen Lieke , Teuling Adriaan , Torfs Paul , Zappa Massimiliano , Mizukami Naoki , Clark Martyn , Uijlenhoet Remko
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The transfer of parameter sets over different temporal and spatial resolutions is common practice in many large-domain hydrological modelling studies. The degree to which parameters are transferable across temporal and spatial resolutions is an indicator of how well spatial and temporal variability is represented in the models. A large degree of transferability may well indicate a poor representation of such variability in the employed models. To investigate parameter transferability over resolution in time and space we have set up a study in which the Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) model for the Thur basin in Switzerland was run with four different spatial resolutions (1 km  ×  1 km, 5 km  ×  5 km, 10 km  ×  10 km, lumped) and evaluated for three relevant temporal resolutions (hour, day, month), both applied with uniform and distributed forcing. The model was run 3150 times using the Hierarchical Latin Hypercube Sample and the best 1 % of the runs was selected as behavioural. The overlap in behavioural sets for different spatial and temporal resolutions was used as an indicator of parameter transferability. A key result from this study is that the overlap in parameter sets for different spatial resolutions was much larger than for different temporal resolutions, also when the forcing was applied in a distributed fashion. This result suggests that it is easier to transfer parameters across different spatial resolutions than across different temporal resolutions. However, the result also indicates a substantial underestimation in the spatial variability represented in the hydrological simulations, suggesting that the high spatial transferability may occur because the current generation of large-domain models has an inadequate representation of spatial variability and hydrologic connectivity. The results presented in this paper provide a strong motivation to further investigate and substantially improve the representation of spatial and temporal variability in large-domain hydrological models.
Application of isotopes and water balance on Lake Duluti–groundwater interaction, Arusha, Tanzania OF ISOTOPES AND WATER BALANCE ON LAKE DULUTI-GROUNDWATER INTERACTION, ARUSHA, TANZANIA
Authors: Mduma Nancy P. , Komakech Hans C. , Zhang Jing , Muzuka Alfred N. N.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Water chemistry, and stable isotopes of oxygen and hydrogen (18O and 2H respectively), were used to characterize and quantify Lake Duluti–groundwater interaction. Physico-chemical parameters: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total dissolved solids, alkalinity, major cations and anions were used to determine chemical characteristics of the lake and to assess its relationship with groundwater sources. Physico-chemical parameters showed abundance of major cation and anions in the Lake water in the following order Na > Ca > K > Mg and HCO3 > Cl > F > SO4 > NO3. The lake water was predominantly Na-HCO3 type in both wet and dry season, while spring waters were mostly of Ca-HCO3 type, and boreholes were of Ca-Na-HCO3 type during the dry season. In the wet season, springs and boreholes were mostly of Na-HCO3 and Na-K-HCO3 types respectively. Isotopic results indicate that evaporation-induced isotopic enrichment prevails in the lake and contributes significantly to water loss from the lake. The δ18O of the lake water averaged +6.1 ‰ while that of well/boreholes and springs averaged −1.2 ‰ and −2.1 ‰ respectively. Similarly, the δD of lake water averaged +24.2 ‰ while that of well/boreholes and springs averaged −12.9 ‰ and −12.2 ‰ respectively. Stable isotope calculations indicate that the lake loses it water to the groundwater aquifer. Water balance model equations used to quantify the level of lake–groundwater exchange found that the Lake Duluti receives and recharges more groundwater than it receives from precipitation and surface runoff. Groundwater thus plays a major role in the hydrological system of Lake Duluti. The findings in this research are of assistance to policy makers and management personnel to make use of the information provided for better management of the lake water.
A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR VIRTUAL GEOGRAPHIC ENVIRONMENTS KNOWLEDGE ENGINEERING
Authors: You Lan , Lin Hui
Published: June 2016

Abstract. VGE geographic knowledge refers to the abstract and repeatable geo-information which is related to the geo-science problem, geographical phenomena and geographical laws supported by VGE. That includes expert experiences, evolution rule, simulation processes and prediction results in VGE. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for VGE knowledge engineering in order to effectively manage and use geographic knowledge in VGE. Our approach relies on previous well established theories on knowledge engineering and VGE. The main contribution of this report is following: (1) The concepts of VGE knowledge and VGE knowledge engineering which are defined clearly; (2) features about VGE knowledge different with common knowledge; (3) geographic knowledge evolution process that help users rapidly acquire knowledge in VGE; and (4) a conceptual framework for VGE knowledge engineering providing the supporting methodologies system for building an intelligent VGE. This conceptual framework systematically describes the related VGE knowledge theories and key technologies. That will promote the rapid transformation from geodata to geographic knowledge, and furtherly reduce the gap between the data explosion and knowledge absence.
ON THE USABILITY AND USEFULNESS OF 3D (GEO)VISUALIZATIONS – A FOCUS ON VIRTUAL REALITY ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Çöltekin A. , Lokka I. , Zahner M.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Whether and when should we show data in 3D is an on-going debate in communities conducting visualization research. A strong opposition exists in the information visualization (Infovis) community, and seemingly unnecessary/unwarranted use of 3D, e.g., in plots, bar or pie charts, is heavily criticized. The scientific visualization (Scivis) community, on the other hand, is more supportive of the use of 3D as it allows ‘seeing’ invisible phenomena, or designing and printing things that are used in e.g., surgeries, educational settings etc. Geographic visualization (Geovis) stands between the Infovis and Scivis communities. In geographic information science, most visuo-spatial analyses have been sufficiently conducted in 2D or 2.5D, including analyses related to terrain and much of the urban phenomena. On the other hand, there has always been a strong interest in 3D, with similar motivations as in Scivis community. Among many types of 3D visualizations, a popular one that is exploited both for visual analysis and visualization is the highly realistic (geo)virtual environments. Such environments may be engaging and memorable for the viewers because they offer highly immersive experiences. However, it is not yet well-established if we should opt to show the data in 3D; and if yes, a) what type of 3D we should use, b) for what task types, and c) for whom. In this paper, we identify some of the central arguments for and against the use of 3D visualizations around these three considerations in a concise interdisciplinary literature review.
ANIMATION STRATEGIES FOR SMOOTH TRANSFORMATIONS BETWEEN DISCRETE LODS OF 3D BUILDING MODELS
Authors: Kada Martin , Wichmann Andreas , Filippovska Yevgeniya , Hermes Tobias
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The cartographic 3D visualization of urban areas has experienced tremendous progress over the last years. An increasing number of applications operate interactively in real-time and thus require advanced techniques to improve the quality and time response of dynamic scenes. The main focus of this article concentrates on the discussion of strategies for smooth transformation between two discrete levels of detail (LOD) of 3D building models that are represented as restricted triangle meshes. Because the operation order determines the geometrical and topological properties of the transformation process as well as its visual perception by a human viewer, three different strategies are proposed and subsequently analyzed. The simplest one orders transformation operations by the length of the edges to be collapsed, while the other two strategies introduce a general transformation direction in the form of a moving plane. This plane either pushes the nodes that need to be removed, e.g. during the transformation of a detailed LOD model to a coarser one, towards the main building body, or triggers the edge collapse operations used as transformation paths for the cartographic generalization.
IMPACT OF SCHEMATIC DESIGNS ON THE COGNITION OF UNDERGROUND TUBE MAPS
Authors: Liu Zheng , Li Zhilin
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Schematic maps have been popularly employed to represent transport networks, particularly underground tube lines (or metro lines), since its adoption by the Official London Underground in early 1930s. Such maps employ straightened lines along horizontal, vertical and diagonal directions. Recently, some researchers started to argue that the distortion in such a schematization may cause big distortion and some new designs are proposed. This project aims to make a comparative analysis of such a schematic design with a new design proposed by Mark Noad in 2011, which makes use of lines along 30º and 60º directions instead of the 45º direction. Tasks have been designed for evaluating the effect of schematic designs on route planning by travellers. The participant was asked to choose the route s/he would take among two or three possible route options and then read the name of the selected transfer station. Eye-tracking technique has been employed to track the map recognition process. Total travel time is used as criterion for effectiveness; completion time and mental work cost are used for efficiency evaluation. It has been found that (1) the design of map style has significant impact on users’ travel decision making, especially map distance and transfer station symbol designs, and (2) the design style of a schematic map will have great impact on the effectiveness and efficiency of map recognition.
UNDERWATER 3D MODELING: IMAGE ENHANCEMENT AND POINT CLOUD FILTERING
Authors: Sarakinou I. , Papadimitriou K. , Georgoula O. , Patias P.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This paper examines the results of image enhancement and point cloud filtering on the visual and geometric quality of 3D models for the representation of underwater features. Specifically it evaluates the combination of effects from the manual editing of images’ radiometry (captured at shallow depths) and the selection of parameters for point cloud definition and mesh building (processed in 3D modeling software). Such datasets, are usually collected by divers, handled by scientists and used for geovisualization purposes. In the presented study, have been created 3D models from three sets of images (seafloor, part of a wreck and a small boat's wreck) captured at three different depths (3.5m, 10m and 14m respectively). Four models have been created from the first dataset (seafloor) in order to evaluate the results from the application of image enhancement techniques and point cloud filtering. The main process for this preliminary study included a) the definition of parameters for the point cloud filtering and the creation of a reference model, b) the radiometric editing of images, followed by the creation of three improved models and c) the assessment of results by comparing the visual and the geometric quality of improved models versus the reference one. Finally, the selected technique is tested on two other data sets in order to examine its appropriateness for different depths (at 10m and 14m) and different objects (part of a wreck and a small boat's wreck) in the context of an ongoing research in the Laboratory of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.
QUALITY ASPECTS OF AERIAL DIGITAL ORTHOPHOTOS, THE PRODUCERS POINT OF VIEW
Authors: Wiedemann A. , Beckmann S.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. The paper gives an overview on the problems occurring during commercial digital orthophoto (DOP) production. There is a wide variety in requirements on orthophotos. It is no problem to produce good orthophotos in small areas, whereas production of good and homogeneous orthophotos in large areas remains a challenge. Therefore, we discuss large area orthophotos based on regular areal flight with regular flight parameters and nadir images, not on large numbers of images creating orthophotos based on various oblique images. The focus of the paper is to optimize the process of line production of orthophotos to achieve the best results under minimum usage of resources. Beside improvements in commercial software, the improvement in process design can help to achieve this objectives. It is necessary the attach importance to the different quality aspects to invest the limited resources at the most profitable process step. The requirements on orthophotos can be grouped into three categories: geometric, radiometric and aesthetic requirements. The main intention is to generate correct and well interpretable orthoimages, putting attention to geometry and radiometry. Many requirements cause enormous expenditures in flight time, number of images and amount of interactive editing work. Among the geometric aspects, the accuracy is the prominent factor. The geometric quality of the underlying digital terrain model (DTM) is of outstanding importance. Depending on the used focal length during acquisition and overlap, geometric errors in the DTM are directly represented in the orthophoto. Particularly at manmade surface break lines, even horizontal DTM errors occur striking in the orthophotos. A special consideration is to put on objects outside the DTM surface. While buildings may be represented in a good manner in a digital surface models (DSM) to generate so called “true orthophotos”, there is no way to represent vegetation, cables, poles etc. in an appropriate manner in any DSM. Seam lines have to disappear in the mosaics. There should be no indication for the detection of the used seam lines nether in geometric nor in radiometric edges. The radiometric aspect include a good distribution of the color values in the histogram, good contrasts should become quantified. It is impossible to measure the aesthetic quality, but is has to be homogeneous over the whole project area without eye-catching artefacts. In the conclusion, we want to give to the producers of orthophotos and their clients a list of criteria and quality figures to be agreed on before the production starts to avoid later discussions.
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING TO THE PREDICTION OF VEGETATION HEALTH
Authors: Burchfield Emily , Nay John J. , Gilligan Jonathan
Published: June 2016

Abstract. This project applies machine learning techniques to remotely sensed imagery to train and validate predictive models of vegetation health in Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. For both locations, we downloaded and processed eleven years of imagery from multiple MODIS datasets which were combined and transformed into two-dimensional matrices. We applied a gradient boosted machines model to the lagged dataset values to forecast future values of the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI). The predictive power of raw spectral data MODIS products were compared across time periods and land use categories. Our models have significantly more predictive power on held-out datasets than a baseline. Though the tool was built to increase capacity to monitor vegetation health in data scarce regions like South Asia, users may include ancillary spatiotemporal datasets relevant to their region of interest to increase predictive power and to facilitate interpretation of model results. The tool can automatically update predictions as new MODIS data is made available by NASA. The tool is particularly well-suited for decision makers interested in understanding and predicting vegetation health dynamics in countries in which environmental data is scarce and cloud cover is a significant concern.