bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among people living with HIV attending Dessie Referral Hospital, Dessie town, North-east Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Feleke Daniel Getacher , Ali Abdurahaman , Bisetegn Habtye , Andualem Mengaye
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Intestinal parasites and HIV/AIDS co-infection become a major public health concern in Africa. The management and care of HIV/AIDS patients is being complicated by intestinal parasitic infections. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of intestinal parasitic infections among people living with HIV at Dessie Referral Hospital, North-east Ethiopia.

Methods

This cross sectional study was conducted from March to May 2019. Systematic simple random sampling technique was used to recruit study participants. Stool specimen was collected and examined microscopically using wet mount, formol-ether concentration technique and modified Zeihl–Neelsen methods. Socio-demographic characteristics and associated factors were collected using structured questionnaire. The recent CD4 cell count was obtained from patients ART follow-up record. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20 software. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was done to investigate the association between independent and dependent variables.

Results

Of the total of 223 study participants 120 (53.8%) were females and 162 (72.6%) were urban resident. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 47 (21.1%). Eleven different intestinal parasites species were detected. The dominant intestinal parasite species was Entameobahistolytica 14 (6.3%) followed by Enterobius vermicularis 5 (2.2%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that individuals who had a habit of hand washing after latrine were less likely to be infected with intestinal parasitic infection (AOR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05–0.412). On the other hand individuals who had CD4 cell count of < 200 cells/ml3 were 45.53 times more likely infected with intestinal parasites.

Conclusion

The prevalence of intestinal parasite was higher than previous report from the same study area almost a decade ago. There was statistical significant association between hand washing habit after latrine, habit of eating raw vegetables and CD4 cell count less than 200 cells/ml3 and intestinal parasitic infections. Health education program interrupted in Dessie referral hospital should be continued to reduce the prevalence of intestinal parasites. Utilization of water treatment, washing hand after latrine and eating cooked or appropriately washed vegetables should also be promoted. Moreover, periodic laboratory stool specimen examination and prompt treatment are necessary.
Socioeconomic and demographic correlates of child nutritional status in Nepal: an investigation of heterogeneous effects using quantile regression
Authors: Bhusal Umesh Prasad , Sapkota Vishnu Prasad
Published: April 2022

Background

Child undernutrition continues to be a major public health problem in many countries, including Nepal. The repercussions of undernutrition are not only limited to the affected children and families but also transcend to the national and global economy. Earlier studies from Nepal have predominantly used either ordinary least squares (OLS) regression or binary regression to analyse the socioeconomic and demographic correlates of the nutritional outcome. In this study, quantile regression was used to understand a complete and more precise estimate of the effects of the covariates on the child nutritional status.

Methods

This study was based on the most recent nationally representative Nepal Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) 2019. Height-for-age z scores (HAZ) were used as an indicator for assessing the nutritional status of under-five children. Quantile regression was used to examine the heterogeneous association of covariates with conditional HAZ distribution across the different quantiles (0.10, 0.30, 0.50, 0.85). As a comparison, the effects of covariates at conditional mean of HAZ using OLS regression was also analysed. The graphs were plotted to visualize the changes in the coefficients for each regressor across the entire conditional HAZ distribution.

Results

Age of children, sex of children, province and wealth had a consistent and statistically significant association with HAZ in both OLS and quantile regression. Improved toilet facility was positively correlated with HAZ at the lower tails (tenth and thirtieth percentiles). Ethnicity (Janajati and Newer) was positively correlated with HAZ at the lower tail (thirtieth percentile) and mean (OLS regression). Maternal education was a significant predictor of improved height-for-age across conditional quantiles, except at the tenth percentile. Maternal age, number of under-five children in household, number of household members, and improved source of drinking water showed heterogeneous effects across different quantiles of conditional HAZ distribution.

Conclusion

Use of quantile regression approach showed that the effect of different factors differed across the conditional distribution of HAZ. Policymakers should consider the heterogeneous effect of different factors on HAZ so that the targeted intervention could be implemented to maximize the nutritional benefits to children.
Asclepion of Epidaurus: the application of a historical perspective in medical education
Authors: Papageorgiou Charalabos , Konstantinou Gerasimos , Lambrinoudakis Vassilis , Papageorgiou Christos , Yiannopoulou Konstantina G.
Published: April 2022

Background

The Asclepion of Epidaurus is one of the first healing environments in the world. Descendants of Asclepius, specifically medical students, have been singularly deprived of any information concerning this legacy. This article illuminates the role of Asclepion of Epidaurus and examines the view of medical students upon the subject and the possible benefits of this knowledge in their medical education.

Methods

The participants were 105 senior-year students from the Athens Medical School, who attended a multi-media assisted lecture related to the structure and the role of the Asclepion of Epidaurus. Afterwards, they answered anonymously a questionnaire of 12 pairs of opposite adjectives in order to describe their view regarding the meaning of Asclepion. The method used in the evaluation of their answers was that of semantic differential.

Results

The attitude of the students towards the meaning of Asclepion was positive, showing interest and excitement about a powerful, though unfamiliar piece of knowledge.

Conclusion

Today’s novice doctors have welcomed the concept of Asclepion as essential knowledge for the service they will be called to fulfill. The potential benefits of the Asclepian ideals in medical education and ethos are thoroughly discussed.
One- and 2-year flare rates after treat-to-target and tight-control therapy of gout: results from the NOR-Gout study
Authors: Uhlig Till , Karoliussen Lars F. , Sexton Joe , Kvien Tore K. , Haavardsholm Espen A. , Perez-Ruiz Fernando , Hammer Hilde Berner
Published: April 2022

Objectives

To explore the frequency and predictors of flares over 2 years during a treat-to-target strategy with urate-lowering therapy (ULT) in patients with gout.

Methods

In the treat-to-target, tight control NOR-Gout study patients started ULT with escalating doses of allopurinol. Flares were recorded over 2 years. Baseline predictors of flares during months 9–12 in year 1 and during year 2 were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Of 211 patients included (mean age 56.4 years, disease duration 7.8 years, 95% males), 81% (150/186) of patients experienced at least one gout flare during the first year and 26% (45/173) during the second year. The highest frequency of flares in the first year was seen during months 3–6 (46.8% of patients).

Baseline crystal depositions detected by ultrasound and by dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) were the only variables which predicted flares both during the first period of interest at months 9–12 (OR 1.033; 95% CI 1.010–1.057, and OR 1.056; 95% CI 1.007–1.108) and also in year 2. Baseline subcutaneous tophi (OR 2.42, 95% CI 1.50–5.59) and prior use of colchicine at baseline (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.28-4.79) were independent predictors of flares during months 9–12, whereas self-efficacy for pain was a protective predictor (OR 0.98 per unit, 95% CI 0.964–0.996).

Conclusions

In patients with gout, flares remain frequent during the first year of a treat-to-target ULT strategy, especially during months 3–6, but are much less frequent during year 2. Baseline crystal depositions predict flares over 2 years, supporting ULT early during disease course.

Trial registration

ACTRN12618001372279
Subfamily-specific differential contribution of individual monomers and the tether sequence to mouse L1 promoter activity
Authors: Kong Lingqi , Saha Karabi , Hu Yuchi , Tschetter Jada N. , Habben Chase E. , Whitmore Leanne S. , Yao Changfeng , Ge Xijin , Ye Ping , Newkirk Simon J. , An Wenfeng
Published: April 2022

Background

The internal promoter in L1 5’UTR is critical for autonomous L1 transcription and initiating retrotransposition. Unlike the human genome, which features one contemporarily active subfamily, four subfamilies (A_I, Gf_I and Tf_I/II) have been amplifying in the mouse genome in the last one million years. Moreover, mouse L1 5’UTRs are organized into tandem repeats called monomers, which are separated from ORF1 by a tether domain. In this study, we aim to compare promoter activities across young mouse L1 subfamilies and investigate the contribution of individual monomers and the tether sequence.

Results

We observed an inverse relationship between subfamily age and the average number of monomers among evolutionarily young mouse L1 subfamilies. The youngest subgroup (A_I and Tf_I/II) on average carry 3–4 monomers in the 5’UTR. Using a single-vector dual-luciferase reporter assay, we compared promoter activities across six L1 subfamilies (A_I/II, Gf_I and Tf_I/II/III) and established their antisense promoter activities in a mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line and a mouse embryonal carcinoma cell line. Using consensus promoter sequences for three subfamilies (A_I, Gf_I and Tf_I), we dissected the differential roles of individual monomers and the tether domain in L1 promoter activity. We validated that, across multiple subfamilies, the second monomer consistently enhances the overall promoter activity. For individual promoter components, monomer 2 is consistently more active than the corresponding monomer 1 and/or the tether for each subfamily. Importantly, we revealed intricate interactions between monomer 2, monomer 1 and tether domains in a subfamily-specific manner. Furthermore, using three-monomer 5’UTRs, we established a complex nonlinear relationship between the length of the outmost monomer and the overall promoter activity.

Conclusions

The laboratory mouse is an important mammalian model system for human diseases as well as L1 biology. Our study extends previous findings and represents an important step toward a better understanding of the molecular mechanism controlling mouse L1 transcription as well as L1’s impact on development and disease.
Comparison and aggregation of event sequences across ten cohorts to describe the consensus biomarker evolution in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Golriz Khatami Sepehr , Salimi Yasamin , Hofmann-Apitius Martin , Oxtoby Neil P. , Birkenbihl Colin ,   for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   the Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative,   the Alzheimer’s Disease Repository Without Borders Investigators
Published: April 2022

Background

Previous models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) progression were primarily hypothetical or based on data originating from single cohort studies. However, cohort datasets are subject to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria that influence the signals observed in their collected data. Furthermore, each study measures only a subset of AD-relevant variables. To gain a comprehensive understanding of AD progression, the heterogeneity and robustness of estimated progression patterns must be understood, and complementary information contained in cohort datasets be leveraged.

Methods

We compared ten event-based models that we fit to ten independent AD cohort datasets. Additionally, we designed and applied a novel rank aggregation algorithm that combines partially overlapping, individual event sequences into a meta-sequence containing the complementary information from each cohort.

Results

We observed overall consistency across the ten event-based model sequences (average pairwise Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient of 0.69 ± 0.28), despite variance in the positioning of mainly imaging variables. The changes described in the aggregated meta-sequence are broadly consistent with the current understanding of AD progression, starting with cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta, followed by tauopathy, memory impairment, FDG-PET, and ultimately brain deterioration and impairment of visual memory.

Conclusion

Overall, the event-based models demonstrated similar and robust disease cascades across independent AD cohorts. Aggregation of data-driven results can combine complementary strengths and information of patient-level datasets. Accordingly, the derived meta-sequence draws a more complete picture of AD pathology compared to models relying on single cohorts.
The role of statisticians in the response to COVID-19 in Israel: a holistic point of view
Authors: Dattner Itai , Gal Reuven , Goldberg Yair , Goldshtein Inbal , Huppert Amit , Kenett Ron S. , Manor Orly , Pfeffermann Danny , Schechtman Edna , di Serio Clelia , Steinberg David M.
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic cast a dramatic spotlight on the use of data as a fundamental component of good decision-making. Evaluating and comparing alternative policies required information on concurrent infection rates and insightful analysis to project them into the future. Statisticians in Israel were involved in these processes early in the pandemic in some silos as an ad-hoc unorganized effort. Informal discussions within the statistical community culminated in a roundtable, organized by three past presidents of the Israel Statistical Association, and hosted by the Samuel Neaman Institute in April 2021. The meeting was designed to provide a forum for exchange of views on the profession’s role during the COVID-19 pandemic, and more generally, on its influence in promoting evidence-based public policy. This paper builds on the insights and discussions that emerged during the roundtable meeting and presents a general framework, with recommendations, for involving statisticians and statistics in decision-making.
Intimate partner violence and timely antenatal care visits in sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Aboagye Richard Gyan , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Asare Bernard Yeboah-Asiamah , Adu Collins , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
Published: April 2022

Background

Intimate partner violence (IPV) during pregnancy has negative physical and psychological health consequences on the pregnant women. As such, women who experience IPV during pregnancy are likely to have challenges accessing maternal healthcare services. In this study, we examined the influence of exposure to IPV on timely antenatal care (ANC) visits in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods

Cross-sectional data from the most recent Demographic and Health Survey of twenty-two countries in sub-Saharan Africa between 2012 and 2020 were analysed. Data were obtained from 61,282 women with birth history in the five years prior to the survey. A multilevel logistic regression was used to determine the association between IPV and timely ANC visits while controlling for significant covariates. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were used to present results from the multilevel logistic regression analysis.

Results

The prevalence of timely ANC visit and IPV were 38.1% and 34.9% respectively. The highest and lowest prevalence of IPV were found in Sierra Leone (52.9%) and Comoros (8.1%), respectively. Timely ANC attendance among pregnant women was more prevalent in Liberia (74.9%) and lowest in DR Congo (19.0%). Women who experienced IPV during pregnancy were less likely to utilize timely ANC (aOR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.86–0.92) compared to those who did not experience IPV. In terms of the covariates, the odds of timely ANC were higher among women aged 40–44 compared to those aged 15–19 (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.21–1.51). Higher odds of timely ANC was found among women who were cohabiting (aOR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.10–1.20), those from the richest wealth quintile (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.28–1.48), those exposed to watching television (aOR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.18–1.30), and those with health insurance (aOR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.37–1.56).

Conclusion

Findings from the study indicate the role of IPV in timely ANC visit in sub-Saharan Africa. To enhance timely ANC visits, there is the need for policy makers to strengthen and enforce the implementation of policies that alleviate IPV during pregnancy. Education and sensitization of married and cohabiting women and men on the negative effects of IPV on timely ANC should be done using media sources such as television. Inequalities in timely ANC can be eliminated through the provision and strengthening of existing maternal health policies such as health insurance.
Social and housing indicators of dengue and chikungunya in Indian adults aged 45 and above: Analysis of a nationally representative survey (2017-18)
Authors: Paulson Winnie , Kodali Naveen Kumar , Balasubramani Karuppusamy , Dixit Rashi , Chellappan Savitha , Behera Sujit Kumar , Balabaskaran Nina Praveen
Published: April 2022

Background

Dengue and chikungunya (CHIKV) are the two major vector-borne diseases of serious public health concern in India. Studies on socioeconomic and housing determinants of dengue and CHIKV at a pan-India level are lacking. Here, we took advantage of the recently carried out Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) carried out across all the states and Union Territories of India to study the social indicators of dengue and CHIKV in India.

Methods

LASI-1 (2017-2018) data on the self-reported period prevalence of dengue and CHIKV from 70,932 respondents aged ≥45 years were used for this analysis. The state-wise distribution of dengue and CHIKV was mapped. Prevalence was estimated for each study variable, and the difference was compared using the χ2 test. The adjusted odds ratios (AOR) of the socioeconomic and housing variables for dengue and CHIKV were estimated using the multiple logistic regression model.

Results

Urban residence is the major socio-economic indicator of dengue and CHIKV (dengue AOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18-2.11; CHIKV AOR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.36-2.49). The other notable indicator is wealth; rich respondents have higher odds of dengue and CHIKV. Adults older than 54 years and those with high school education and above are associated with a lower likelihood of dengue and CHIKV. In addition, CHIKV is associated with scheduled and forward castes, households with improper toilet facilities, open defecation, and kutcha house type.

Conclusions

Despite the limitation that the data is only from adults ≥ 45, this analysis provides important insights into the socioeconomic and housing variables associated with higher odds of dengue and CHIKV in India. Understanding these determinants may assist in the national planning of prevention and control strategies for dengue and CHIKV.
Priorities of China’s participation in global malaria elimination: the perspective of malaria endemic countries
Authors: Xie Yan , Wang Jie , Sun Yinuo , Ke Xuedan , Xie Zheng , Cao Jun , Huang Yangmu
Published: April 2022

Background

Malaria is one of the major diseases affecting global health, while progress in malaria control and elimination has stagnated in some endemic countries. China has been certificated malaria free by World Health Organization in 2021, and will get more involved on global malaria elimination. Further discussion is needed on how to collaborate with the malaria endemic countries and provide effective help. This study was to investigate the perceptions of malaria endemic countries on China’s contribution to global malaria elimination and to lay a foundation for further action.

Methods

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with key informants including national malaria project managers and technicians from malaria endemic countries. Thematic framework approach was used to analyze the data.

Results

Malaria endemic countries now face challenges in insufficient funds, technique, products, public health systems and inadequacy of international assistance. They hold a positive attitude towards cooperation with China and identified experience and technique exchange, personnel training, system building and scientific research cooperation as prioritized areas.

Conclusions

China could make full use of its own advantages in technique transfer, health system improvement, information system construction, and health human resource training and take an active part in global malaria elimination.
Morphology of sporadic E layers derived from Fengyun-3C GPS radio occultation measurements
Authors: Xu Xiaohua , Luo Jia , Wang Han , Liu Haifeng , Hu Tianyang
Published: April 2022

The Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) data provided by the Fengyun-3C (FY-3C) mission during January 2015 to December 2019 are used to detect the existence of sporadic E (Es) layers over the globe, based on which the spatial and temporal distributions of the Es occurrence rates (ORs) are presented and analyzed. The results are compared with the Es morphology obtained using the RO data from the Constellation Observing System for the Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission. It is found that the seasonal variation patterns of the spatial distributions of Es ORs derived from the FY-3C RO data, which show clearly the effects of wind shear mechanism and the Earth’s magnetic field on the formation of Es layers, are basically consistent with those derived from the COSMIC RO data. While the limited local time distribution of the FY-3C RO-detected Es occurrences makes it impossible to resolve the complete diurnal variations of Es layers. Detailed comparisons of the Es morphologies derived from the two different RO missions reveal that the magnitudes of the Es ORs derived by FY-3C data are slightly smaller than those derived by COSMIC data in the middle and low latitudes, which is due to that the top heights of the 50 Hz RO data of FY-3C mission are generally lower than those of the COSMIC mission. In the polar regions, the distinctly low ratio of the FY-3C RO 50 Hz measurements which reach the height of 90 km reduces the capability of these observations for Es-layer detections.

Graphical Abstract
Registration of immigrants’ educational attainment in Sweden: an analysis of sources and time to registration
Authors: Khaef Samaneh
Published: April 2022

Swedish register data include a number of variables related to individuals’ educational level. In contrast to many other countries, the registers even include information on the education obtained by immigrants outside Sweden. For studies on immigrants’ labour market integration, this is an important asset. However, the quality of data in terms of the source and extent of data coverage for different migrant groups is less well-known. This explorative paper investigates the sources of information for immigrants’ educational levels, and examines the time taken until their education is registered for different migrant groups. Employing register data on immigrants who arrived in Sweden in the period 2000–2016, the methods include a descriptive analysis of the main sources of educational attainment, and event history analysis to estimate survival rates for not being in the educational registers. The results indicate that the ‘survey of foreign-born’ and the Swedish Public Employment Service are the two major sources of information regarding immigrants’ educational attainment in their year of arrival. However, the survey’s non-response rate is high. Results from the event history analysis show that as the length of stay in the country increases, the share of immigrants with missing educational information decreases substantially, especially after 2 years, with rather large differences for groups of immigrants. For the majority of refugees and family migrants, 2 years after arrival their educational levels are registered, while the educational levels of many Nordic migrants remained unregistered even after 10 years. In addition, attained education of women and younger immigrants is more often registered. Measuring the educational level of refugees and family migrants from 2 years after arrival can provide a reasonable representation of their educational characteristics at the time of migration, while it is questionable to use Nordic migrants’ educational level at any time.
Acute Leukemia Classification Using Transcriptional Profiles From Low-Cost Nanopore mRNA Sequencing
Authors: Wang Jeremy , Bhakta Nickhill , Ayer Miller Vanessa , Revsine Mahler , Litzow Mark R. , Paietta Elisabeth , Fedoriw Yuri , Roberts Kathryn G. , Gu Zhaohui , Mullighan Charles G. , Jones Corbin D. , Alexander Thomas B.
Published: April 2022

PURPOSE

Most cases of pediatric acute leukemia occur in low- and middle-income countries, where health centers lack the tools required for accurate diagnosis and disease classification. Recent research shows the robustness of using unbiased short-read RNA sequencing to classify genomic subtypes of acute leukemia. Compared with short-read sequencing, nanopore sequencing has low capital and consumable costs, making it suitable for use in locations with limited health infrastructure.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We show the feasibility of nanopore mRNA sequencing on 134 cryopreserved acute leukemia specimens (26 acute myeloid leukemia [AML], 73 B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia [B-ALL], 34 T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and one acute undifferentiated leukemia). Using multiple library preparation approaches, we generated long-read transcripts for each sample. We developed a novel composite classification approach to predict acute leukemia lineage and major B-ALL and AML molecular subtypes directly from gene expression profiles.

RESULTS

We demonstrate accurate classification of acute leukemia samples into AML, B-ALL, or T-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (96.2% of cases are classifiable with a probability of > 0.8, with 100% accuracy) and further classification into clinically actionable genomic subtypes using shallow RNA nanopore sequencing, with 96.2% accuracy for major AML subtypes and 94.1% accuracy for major B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia subtypes.

CONCLUSION

Transcriptional profiling of acute leukemia samples using nanopore technology for diagnostic classification is feasible and accurate, which has the potential to improve the accuracy of cancer diagnosis in low-resource settings.
Genomic profiles of Indonesian colorectal cancer patients
Authors: Abdullah Murdani , Meilany Sofy , Trimarsanto Hidayat , Malik Safarina G. , Sukartini Ninik , Idrus Firhat , Nursyirwan Saskia A. , Muzellina Virly N. , Pribadi Rabbinu R. , Utari Amanda P. , Maulahela Hasan , Syam Ari F.
Published: April 2022

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers worldwide and genetic mutation plays a vital role in CRC development. A previous study has suggested that genetic alterations among Indonesian patients with CRC might differ from those known in developed countries. This study aimed to describe the genomic profiles of Indonesian patients with CRC.

Methods: A total of 13 patients were recruited for this study from May to July 2019. Tissue samples were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted from the samples. AmpliSeq for Illumina Cancer HotSpot Panel v2 Next-generation sequencing was used for DNA sequencing and a genome analysis toolkit was used for local realignment around the discovered variants.

Results: A total of 45 genes comprising 391 single nucleotide variants (SNVs) with a depth >10 were observed. The genes with the most variants were STK11, SMAD4, EGFR, and ERBB4 and the genes with the most non-synonymous variants were SMAD4, TP53, FGFR3, CDKN2A, and STK11. Genes and SNVs in at least 90% of all samples consisted of 43 genes comprising 286 variants. Genes with the most non-synonymous SNVs were EGFR, SMO, FGFR3, TP53, STK11, CDKN2A. Genes related to the chromosomal instability pathway, such as TP53, SMAD4, KRAS, and APC, are also found in the analysis.

Conclusions: Our findings showed that all patients with CRC in this study had genetic mutations in the chromosomal instability pathway. Analysis of genetic mutation of Indonesian patients with CRC might be crucial for advanced targeted therapy and for better clinical outcomes.
Identifying the performance and losses of a scroll compressor with vapour injection and R1234ze(E)
Authors: Meramveliotakis George , Kosmadakis George , Karellas Sotirios
Published: April 2022

This work investigates a vapour injection scroll compressor integrated in a heat pump using the refrigerant R1234ze(E). The water-to-water heat pump was tested under a wide temperature range at the evaporator and condenser sides. The test results revealed that the performance is significantly reduced for lifts of over 30 K with the coefficient of performance being even below 2 and the maximum 2nd law efficiency was just 28%. In order to enlighten the reasons behind such significant compressor underperformance, a semi-empirical model has been extended to include vapour injection, and a new improved modelling approach for the suction pressure drop was developed and implemented considering both the turbulent and laminar inlet flow regimes. Once the accuracy of the developed semi-empirical model was verified, the model was then adjusted to account for the R1234ze(E) operation, by fine-tuning its parameters based on the test data. The main loss mechanism identified is the high suction pressure drop, due to the high friction factor, with the inlet refrigerant flow possibly being laminar instead of turbulent. This resulted in a significant reduction of the mass flow rate and volumetric efficiency, while the standard model for suction pressure drop was not able to capture this effect.
Application of the Lecture As an Interactive Method of Teaching the Theory of Life Safety
Authors: Romanchenko L.
Published: April 2022

The article analyzes the prevailing opinion of modern scientists about the loss of effectiveness and justification for maintaining the status of the leading form of education for the lecture, in particular for the basic discipline "Life Safety". This is especially connected with the recent tragic events in the educational institutions of Russia. The widespread opinion that a lecture is not an effective form of education that does not arouse interest among most students and, when interactive forms and types of education are introduced, is moribund and basically useless, has no evidence base and is not always objective.

The author has drawn conclusions and expresses a firm conviction that the lecture remains the main and so far indispensable form of cognition for reproduction, even in the online learning format. The article provides justifications for this paradigm. Modern technology and digitalization of the education system using interactive forms and methods, allows, through reading and practical demonstration of actions of a different nature, to intelligibly convey to first-year students complex forms of legislative and legal principles and theoretical aspects of life safety to protect the population and economic facilities in various emergency situations.
Digitalization of Personnel Management: Russian and Foreign Practice
Authors: Zaharov D. , Kashtanova YEkatyerina
Published: April 2022

This article discusses the processes of digitalization of personnel management in Russian and foreign organizations, indicators of digitalization, features of the implementation of personnel management tasks using modern high-tech tools. A comparative analysis of foreign and Russian organizations in terms of the level of digitalization is presented, based on the conclusions from which it is noted that the digitalization coefficient of Russian organizations is 1.84, while in foreign companies it approaches 2.08. Analytical analysis of indicators by industry, research conducted by practitioners show that such industries as banking and finance, mining and metallurgy, information technology (IT) and telecommunications have become leaders in the field under study, in practice they have switched to the introduction of advanced world technologies in the field of digitalization of personnel management.
«I Like to Solve Complex Problems.» How HR Managers Assess Themselves in the Profession (Survey Results)
Authors: Romanova I. , Gurova E. , Laas N.
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of a study of the professionalism of personnel managers of domestic companies. Studied their perception of themselves as a professional and their own attitude to the chosen profession; specifics of professional communication and lifestyle; understanding the social and personal significance of the profession; personality changes under the influence of the profession, belonging to a professional culture. The study showed an understanding of the value to the chosen profession, a positive assessment of the respondents to their profession and the way of life associated with it, prevailing positive emotions in relation to their profession. The profession is attractive for respondents not only in material terms. In general, the respondents believe that it has a positive impact on their personality. Socio-psychological characteristics dominate in the structure of the respondents' professionally important qualities. In general, the HR managers we interviewed consider themselves professionals, while admitting a lack of knowledge for the implementation of their functional tasks.
Inevitability of Company's Corporate Culture Transformation Under Conditions of New Management Technologies
Authors: Svistunov V. , Lobachyev V. , Kuzina G.
Published: April 2022

The purpose of this article is to establish the relation between the level of employee’s satisfaction and the achieved digitalization level of the company. At the same time, job satisfaction is considered as an important factor in the formation and development of corporate culture. The authors analyze a problem of decreasing the level of job satisfaction in the context of internal organizational changes occurring in the company as part of its digital transformation. The problem is that the creative component and motivational attitudes of employees decrease with the increasing use of modern information technology tools. In the context of digitalization, the development of an effective strategy for interaction between the company's top management and its employees is largely subject to the following chain of criteria: the automation level of business processes – the degree of satisfaction with working conditions by the staff – in the corporate culture of the company.
FUNDAMENTOS TEÓRICOS DEL PROYECTO “FILOSOFÍA PARA JÓVENES PRIVADOS DE LIBERTAD”
Authors: GAZMURI BARROS ROSARIO , PIZARRO CHACÓN JOSÉ
Published: April 2022

En el presente artículo, nos proponemos mostrar el trabajo desarrollado desde 2017 en el proyecto “Filosofía para jóvenes privados de libertad” realizado por la Fundación Academia Kairós (www.kairosfilosofia.com). El objetivo no es solo mostrar en qué consiste el proyecto, los resultados y proyecciones de éste, sino, de modo prioritario, mostrar la perspectiva antropológica y la consecuente perspectiva ética que lo sostiene, de cara a explicitar el trasfondo que alimenta su metodología y que inspira su objetivo. Palabras clave: Filosofía para niños, Merleau-Ponty, libertad, diálogo, emoción y razón.
TEATRALIDADES CÍNICAS, ESCENIFICACIÓN Y VIDA FILOSÓFICA
Authors: CAUDILLO LOZANO JONATHAN
Published: April 2022

La anécdota y el gesto, junto con su antidogmatismo y rechazo a la erudición, por momentos acerca al cinismo filosófico, más al arte que a la filosofía sistemática. Por tal motivo, la escenificación cínica de otra manera de vivir, nos obliga a repensar las maneras en las que entendemos la expresión de la filosofía. Es así que, este trabajo indagará en esta zona de convergencia entre la teatralidad y la filosofía, donde dicha indagación articulará un diálogo con algunos elementos de las vanguardias artísticas del siglo XX entorno a la teatralidad, como crítica a las formas de representación de los cuerpos en relación a sí mismos y a los otros. Finalmente se mostrará el caso del artista colombiano Augusto Diez y su postura ante el arte, como una manera de desentrañar una posibilidad de vivir filosófica y artísticamente de otra manera. Palabras clave: cinismo, teatralidad, nomos, physis, performance.
Anioł Helena i wiedźma Horpyna – filmowe portrety kobiet z powstania Chmielnickiego
Authors: Szymala Jacek
Published: April 2022

HELENA THE ANGEL AND HORPYNA THE WITCH: FILM PORTRAITS OF WOMEN FROM THE UPRISING OF BOHDAN KHMELNYTSKY The article analyses film portraits of seventeenth-century female types: an angel and a witch. Each feature film about Khmelnytsky and the Cossack Uprising says something about the perception of women in the former society of Central and Eastern Europe, as well as about the present day – the historical knowledge of the filmmakers and how the actresses interpret their roles is important. The article aims to show that films are historical sources in an indirect and direct sense.
Load Balancing Under Strict Compatibility Constraints
Authors: Rutten Daan , Mukherjee Debankur
Published: April 2022

Consider a system with N identical single-server queues and a number of task types, where each server is able to process only a small subset of possible task types. Arriving tasks select [Formula: see text] random compatible servers and join the shortest queue among them. The compatibility constraints are captured by a fixed bipartite graph between the servers and the task types. When the graph is complete bipartite, the mean-field approximation is accurate. However, such dense compatibility graphs are infeasible for large-scale implementation. We characterize a class of sparse compatibility graphs for which the mean-field approximation remains valid. For this, we introduce a novel notion, called proportional sparsity, and establish that systems with proportionally sparse compatibility graphs asymptotically match the performance of a fully flexible system. Furthermore, we show that proportionally sparse random compatibility graphs can be constructed, which reduce the server degree almost by a factor [Formula: see text] compared with the complete bipartite compatibility graph.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CCF-2113027].
Robust Markov Decision Processes: Beyond Rectangularity
Authors: Goyal Vineet , Grand-Clément Julien
Published: April 2022

We consider a robust approach to address uncertainty in model parameters in Markov decision processes (MDPs), which are widely used to model dynamic optimization in many applications. Most prior works consider the case in which the uncertainty on transitions related to different states is uncoupled and the adversary is allowed to select the worst possible realization for each state unrelated to others, potentially leading to highly conservative solutions. On the other hand, the case of general uncertainty sets is known to be intractable. We consider a factor model for probability transitions in which the transition probability is a linear function of a factor matrix that is uncertain and belongs to a factor matrix uncertainty set. This is a fairly general model of uncertainty in probability transitions, allowing the decision maker to model dependence between probability transitions across different states, and it is significantly less conservative than prior approaches. We show that under an underlying rectangularity assumption, we can efficiently compute an optimal robust policy under the factor matrix uncertainty model. Furthermore, we show that there is an optimal robust policy that is deterministic, which is of interest from an interpretability standpoint. We also introduce the robust counterpart of important structural results of classical MDPs, including the maximum principle and Blackwell optimality, and we provide a computational study to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in mitigating the conservativeness of robust policies.

Funding: V. Goyal’s research was supported in part by the National Science Foundation Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation [Grants 1351838 and 1636046] and DARPA Lagrange grants. J. Grand-Clément is supported by a grant of the French National Research Agency (ANR), “Investissements d’Avenir” (LabEx Ecodec/ANR-11-LABX-0047) and by Hi! Paris.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA KARTU PINTAR (KATAR) PADA MATA PELAJARAN MATEMATIKA MATERI PERKALIAN BAGI SISWA KELAS II SD
Authors: Purwaningtyas Alyshia Herny , Mardati Asih
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the steps of the development and quality of smart card media (KATAR) in Mathematics subject matter multiplication.This research using ADDIE model with 5 stages: analyze, design, develop, implement, evaluate. The trial subjects in this study were 19 students in grade II and teachers in Sidomulyo 1 Salaman Elementary School. Data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and questionnaires. Data analysis used qualitative data analysis and quantitative data analysis. The result showed that the smart card media (KATAR) was appropriate to be used with a score of 95 (Good) from the media expert validator, 45 (Good) from the material expert validator, 43 (Very Good) from the learning expert validator. The results of student responses in small- scale trials get a score of 60 with a percentage of 100 (Very Good) and in large-scaletrials get a score of 130 with a percentage of 100(Very Good). Students respond that learning to use smart card media (KATAR) is fun andcan be learned while playing and the material learned is easy to understand.
ANALISIS KESULITAN GURU DALAM PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN TEMATIK PADA KELAS II DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH KARANGWARU
Authors: Agustina Rima Nur , Erviana Vera Yuli
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan mengenai kesulitan-kesulitan yang dialami guru khususnya pada kelas II Di SD Muhammadiyah Karangwaru, dalam proses penerapan pembelajaran tematik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatanÂ deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini ialah kepala sekolah, wakil ketua kurikulum dan guru kelas II Di SD Muhammadiyah Karangwaru. Objek yang diambil berupa kesulitan guru dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik dan kesulitan guru dalam penerapan pembelajaran tematik. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dari teori Miles and Huberman dengan siklus mulai pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan bahwa,Â dalam tahapan pelaksanaan pembelajaran tematik terdapat faktor pendukung dan penghambat. Faktor pendukung berasal dariÂ dorongan yang diberikan kepala sekolah dan fasilitasÂ di dalam kelasÂ yang dapat dimanfaatkan untukÂ kegiatan penyampaian materi pembelajaran. Sedangkan untuk faktor penghambat yang dialami guru adalah kurangnya pelatihan atau pemahaman lebih lanjut mengenai penerapan pembelajaran tematik.Â Pada proses kegiatan,Â guru masih mengalami kesulitan pada tahapan perencanaan pembelajaran terutama proses penyusunan RPP, untuk tahapan pelaksanaannya pada penentuan model dan pendekatan scientific. Untuk mengatasi kesulitan yang dialami guru melakukan forum atau sharingÂ bersama dengan sesama guru kelas II, sedangkan upaya untuk mengaktifkan peserta didik guru menggunakan alat bantu media pembelajaran.
IMPLEMENTASI PENGELOLAAN PEMBELAJARAN â€œPARENTING CLASSâ€ DI SD MUHAMMADIYAH DHURI
Authors: Puspitarini Diyah
Published: April 2022

This research aims to describe implementation the management of "Parenting Class" learning at SD Muhammadiyah Dhuri. The research method used is qualitative. Subject of research are parents of students. The object research using management parenting class model. Data analysis techniques used reduction, data presentation, and data verification. The result of this research is the pattern of learning management process "Parenting Class" at SD Muhammadiyah Dhuri which includes the planning, organizing, training and evaluation processes. Based on the results of the analysis, the parents and teachers were satisfied because they got new knowledge and there were changes in the parenting carried out by the parents and there were changes in the children's attitudes after the parents changed the old parenting styles.
Miskonsepsi materi pengolahan data di sekolah dasar
Authors: Vera Mimin , Sulistyaningrum Rikana , Purnomo Hengki , Murtiyasa Budi
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi hasil PISA tahun 2019 menunjukkan prestasi Indonesia semakin menurun. Terutama dalam muatan pelajaran Matematika. Matematika merupakanÂ  muatan pelajaran yang tidak bisa dipisahkan di kehidupan nyata. Oleh sebab itu miskonsepsi pada muatan pelajaran Matematika harus segera ditangani. Terutama materi pengolahan data. Dilapangan tidak sedikit miskonsepsi yang terkait dengan materi pengolahan data terutama pada tingkat sekolah dasar.20 peserta didik kelas 6 SDN Kepatihan Jebres Surakarta tahun ajaran 2020/2021 adalah subjek dalam penelitian ini. Desain penelitian kualitatif serta analisa data statistika deskriptif adalah metode pada penelitian ini. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dimanfaatkan ialah dokumentasi dan tes. Teknik triangulasi dimanfaatkan untuk menguji keabsahan data yaitu triangulasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa masih terjadi miskonsepsi pada materi pengelolaan data yang harus segera dicari solusinya.
Menggali nilai karakter dalam ungkapan hikmah di sekolah dasar se-Karesidenan Surakarta
Authors: Pratiwi Dini Restiyanti , Purnomo Eko , Wahyudi Agus Budi , Saifudin Muhamad Fakhrur
Published: April 2022

The phrase Wisdom that can be abbreviated (UH) is a summary that is pasted on the walls of the elementary school. The presence of language in UH is interesting to study and the results can be used in the field of education. This study has a goal, namely (1) to determine the form of expression of wisdom in SD Se-Residency Surakarta, (2) to find the values of character education that exist in the expression of wisdom. The type of research used is qualitative by using descriptive methods in describing the data found. The data in this study is UH which contains the value of character education. While the data sources used are sentences in UH on the walls of elementary schools in the Surakarta Residency area (Surakarta, Karanganyar, Sragen, Boyolali, Klaten, and Wonogiri). Data collection techniques used are observation, documentation, and note-taking techniques. The data analysis used were FGD, the distribution method with the Indirect Sharing (BUL) technique, and the matching technique with referential advanced techniques. For data validation used theory triangulation. The results of this study indicate that the UH at SD Se-Residency Surakarata contains 18 values of character education (religious, honest, democratic, tolerance, discipline, hard work, creative, independent, likes to read, cares about the environment, social care, curiosity). , love for the homeland, responsibility, national spirit, respect for achievement, friendly/communicative, and love peace)..