bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bacterial microbiota diversity and composition in red and white wines correlate with plant-derived DNA contributions and botrytis infection
Authors: Bubeck Alena M. , Preiss Lena , Jung Anna , Dörner Elisabeth , Podlesny Daniel , Kulis Marija , Maddox Cynthia , Arze Cesar , Zörb Christian , Merkt Nikolaus , Fricke W. Florian
Published: August 2020

Wine is a globally produced, marketed and consumed alcoholic beverage, which is valued for its aromatic and qualitative complexity and variation. These properties are partially attributable to the bacterial involvement in the fermentation process. However, the organizational principles and dynamic changes of the bacterial wine microbiota remain poorly understood, especially in the context of red and white wine variations and environmental stress factors. Here, we determined relative and absolute bacterial microbiota compositions from six distinct cultivars during the first week of fermentation by quantitative and qualitative 16S rRNA gene amplification and amplicon sequencing. All wines harboured complex and variable bacterial communities, with Tatumella as the most abundant genus across all batches, but red wines were characterized by higher bacterial diversity and increased relative and absolute abundance of lactic and acetic acid bacteria (LAB/AAB) and bacterial taxa of predicted environmental origin. Microbial diversity was positively correlated with plant-derived DNA concentrations in the wine and Botrytis cinerea infection before harvest. Our findings suggest that exogenous factors, such as procedural differences between red and white wine production and environmental stress on grape integrity, can increase bacterial diversity and specific bacterial taxa in wine, with potential consequences for wine quality and aroma.
Morphological and genome-wide evidence for natural hybridisation within the genus Stipa (Poaceae)
Authors: Baiakhmetov Evgenii , Nowak Arkadiusz , Gudkova Polina D. , Nobis Marcin
Published: August 2020

Hybridisation in the wild between closely related species is a common mechanism of speciation in the plant kingdom and, in particular, in the grass family. Here we explore the potential for natural hybridisation inStipa(one of the largest genera in Poaceae) between genetically distant species at their distribution edges in Mountains of Central Asia using integrative taxonomy. Our research highlights the applicability of classical morphological and genome reduction approaches in studies on wild plant species. The obtained results revealed a new nothospecies,Stipa × lazkovii, which exhibits intermediate characters toS. kryloviiandS. bungeana. A high-density DArTseq assay disclosed thatS. × lazkoviiis an F1 hybrid, and established that the plastid and mitochondrial DNA was inherited fromS. bungeana. In addition, molecular markers detected a hybridisation event between morphologically and genetically distant speciesS. bungeanaand probablyS. glareosa. Moreover, our findings demonstrated an uncertainty on the taxonomic status ofS. bungeanathat currently belongs to the sectionLeiostipa, but it is genetically closer toS. breviflorafrom the sectionBarbatae. Finally, we noticed a discrepancy between the current molecular data with the previous findings onS. capillataandS. sareptana.
The Oligo–Miocene closure of the Tethys Ocean and evolution of the proto-Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Torfstein Adi , Steinberg Josh
Published: August 2020

The tectonically driven Cenozoic closure of the Tethys Ocean invoked a significant reorganization of oceanic circulation and climate patterns on a global scale. This process culminated between the Mid Oligocene and Late Miocene, although its exact timing has remained so far elusive, as does the subsequent evolution of the proto-Mediterranean, primarily due to a lack of reliable, continuous deep-sea records. Here, we present for the first time the framework of the Oligo–Miocene evolution of the deep Levant Basin, based on the chrono-, chemo- and bio- stratigraphy of two deep boreholes from the Eastern Mediterranean. The results reveal a major pulse in terrigeneous mass accumulation rates (MARs) during 24–21 Ma, reflecting the erosional products of the Red Sea rifting and subsequent uplift that drove the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian plates and the effective closure of the Indian Ocean-Mediterranean Seaway. Subsequently, the proto-Mediterranean experienced an increase in primary productivity that peaked during the Mid-Miocene Climate Optimum. A region-wide hiatus across the Serravallian (13.8–11.6 Ma) and a crash in carbonate MARs during the lower Tortonian reflect a dissolution episode that potentially marks the earliest onset of the global middle to late Miocene carbonate crash.
Regulation of colonic epithelial cell homeostasis by mTORC1
Authors: Kotani Takenori , Setiawan Jajar , Konno Tasuku , Ihara Noriko , Okamoto Saki , Saito Yasuyuki , Murata Yoji , Noda Tetsuo , Matozaki Takashi
Published: August 2020

Cell signaling important for homeostatic regulation of colonic epithelial cells (CECs) remains poorly understood. Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), a protein complex that contains the serine-threonine kinase mTOR, mediates signaling that underlies the control of cellular functions such as proliferation and autophagy by various external stimuli. We here show that ablation of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (Tsc2), a negative regulator of mTORC1, specifically in intestinal epithelial cells of mice resulted in increased activity of mTORC1 of, as well as increased proliferative activity of, CECs. Such Tsc2 ablation also reduced the population of Lgr5-positive colonic stem cells and the expression of Wnt target genes in CECs. The stimulatory phosphorylation of the kinase Akt and inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3β were both markedly decreased in the colon of the Tsc2 conditional knockout (CKO) mice. Development of colonic organoids with cryptlike structures was enhanced for Tsc2 CKO mice compared with control mice. Finally, Tsc2 CKO mice manifested increased susceptibility to dextran sulfate sodium–induced colitis. Our results thus suggest that mTORC1 activity promotes the proliferation of, as well as the expression of Wnt target genes in, CECs and thereby contributes to colonic organogenesis and homeostasis.
Recapitulation of normal collagen architecture in embryonic wounded corneas
Authors: Koudouna Elena , Spurlin James , Babushkina Anna , Quantock Andrew J. , Jester James V. , Lwigale Peter
Published: August 2020

Wound healing is characterized by cell and extracellular matrix changes mediating cell migration, fibrosis, remodeling and regeneration. We previously demonstrated that chick fetal wound healing shows a regenerative phenotype regarding the cellular and molecular organization of the cornea. However, the chick corneal stromal structure is remarkably complex in the collagen fiber/lamellar organization, involving branching and anastomosing of collagen bundles. It is unknown whether the chick fetal wound healing is capable of recapitulating this developmentally regulated organization pattern. The purpose of this study was to examine the three-dimensional collagen architecture of wounded embryonic corneas, whilst identifying temporal and spatial changes in collagen organization during wound healing. Linear corneal wounds that traversed the epithelial layer, Bowman´s layer, and anterior stroma were generated in chick corneas on embryonic day 7. Irregular thin collagen fibers are present in the wounded cornea during the early phases of wound healing. As wound healing progresses, the collagen organization dramatically changes, acquiring an orthogonal arrangement. Fourier transform analysis affirmed this observation and revealed that adjacent collagen lamellae display an angular displacement progressing from the epithelium layer towards the endothelium. These data indicate that the collagen organization of the wounded embryonic cornea recapitulate the native macrostructure.
Synthesis and characterization of partially silane-terminated polyurethanes reinforced with acid-treated halloysite nanotubes for transparent armour systems
Authors: Aguiar Rafaela , Miller Ronald E. , Petel Oren E.
Published: August 2020

In the present work, nanocomposites based on the partially silane-terminated polyurethanes reinforced with sulfuric acid-treated halloysite nanotubes were synthesized and evaluated as a potential candidate for transparent blast resistant configurations. The polyurethane must present high tensile ductility at high strain rates to be able to contain fragments and increase the survivability of the system. Gas-gun spall experiments were conducted to measure the dynamic tensile strength (spall strength) and fracture toughness of the nanocomposite and neat polyurethane. The nanocomposite presented a 35% higher spall strength and 21% higher fracture toughness compared to the neat polyurethane while maintaining transparency. The recovered samples following the spall tests were analysed via scanning electron microscope fractographies. The nanocomposite and neat polyurethane samples were chemically characterized via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and melting behaviour via differential scanning calorimetry. The improved properties can be attributed, in large part, to the presence of more rigid spherulitic structures, and a rougher fracture surface constituting of several micro-cracks within the nanocomposite.
Unique molecular signatures of antiviral memory CD8+ T cells associated with asymptomatic recurrent ocular herpes
Authors: Prakash Swayam , Roy Soumyabrata , Srivastava Ruchi , Coulon Pierre-Gregoire , Dhanushkodi Nisha R. , Vahed Hawa , Jankeel Allen , Geertsema Roger , Amezquita Cassandra , Nguyen Lan , Messaoudi Ilhem , Burkhardt Amanda M. , BenMohamed Lbachir
Published: August 2020

The nature of antiviral CD8+ T cells associated with protective and pathogenic herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infections remains unclear. We compared the transcriptome, phenotype, and function of memory CD8+ T cells, sharing the same HSV-1 epitope-specificities, from infected HLA-A*0201 positive symptomatic (SYMP) vs. asymptomatic (ASYMP) individuals and HLA-A*0201 transgenic rabbits. Compared to higher frequencies of multifunctional effector memory CD8+ TEM cells in ASYMP individuals, the SYMP individuals presented dysfunctional CD8+ TEM cells, expressing major exhaustion pathways. Compared to protected ASYMP HLA transgenic rabbits, the trigeminal ganglia of non-protected SYMP HLA transgenic rabbits had higher frequencies of dysfunctional tissue-resident CD8+ TRM cells. Moreover, blockade of T cell exhaustion pathways restored the function of CD8+ T cells, reduced virus reactivation, and diminished recurrent disease in HLA transgenic rabbits. These findings reveal unique molecular signatures of protective CD8+ T cells and pave the way for T-cell-based immunotherapy to combat recurrent ocular herpes.
Strategies for rapid reconstruction in 3D MRI with radial data acquisition: 3D fast Fourier transform vs two-step 2D filtered back-projection
Authors: Park Jinil , Lee Jeongtaek , Lee Joonyeol , Lee Seung-Kyun , Park Jang-Yeon
Published: August 2020

For 3D radial data reconstruction in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fast Fourier transform via gridding (gFFT) is widely used for its fast processing and flexibility. In comparison, conventional 3D filtered back projection (cFBP), while more robust against common radial k-space centering errors, suffers from long computation times and is less frequently used. In this study, we revisit another back-projection reconstruction strategy, namely two-step 2D filtered back-projection (tsFBP), as an alternative 3D radial MRI reconstruction method that combines computational efficiency and certain error tolerance. In order to compare the three methods (gFFT, cFBP, and tsFBP), theoretical analysis was performed to evaluate the number of computational steps involved in each method. Actual reconstruction times were also measured and compared using 3D radial-MRI data of a phantom and a human brain. Additionally, the sensitivity of tsFBP to artifacts caused by radial k-space centering errors was compared with the other methods. Compared to cFBP, tsFBP dramatically improved the reconstruction speed while retaining the benefit of tolerance to the radial k-space errors. Our study therefore suggests that tsFBP can be a promising alternative to the conventional back projection method for 3D radial MRI reconstruction.
3D particle transport in multichannel microfluidic networks with rough surfaces
Authors: Ryan Duncan P. , Chen Yu , Nguyen Phong , Goodwin Peter M. , Carey J. William , Kang Qinjun , Werner James H. , Viswanathan Hari S.
Published: August 2020

The transport of particles and fluids through multichannel microfluidic networks is influenced by details of the channels. Because channels have micro-scale textures and macro-scale geometries, this transport can differ from the case of ideally smooth channels. Surfaces of real channels have irregular boundary conditions to which streamlines adapt and with which particle interact. In low-Reynolds number flows, particles may experience inertial forces that result in trans-streamline movement and the reorganization of particle distributions. Such transport is intrinsically 3D and an accurate measurement must capture movement in all directions. To measure the effects of non-ideal surface textures on particle transport through complex networks, we developed an extended field-of-view 3D macroscope for high-resolution tracking across large volumes ($$25\,\hbox {mm} \times 25\,\hbox {mm} \times 2\,\hbox {mm}$$

25

mm
×
25

mm
×
2

mm

) and investigated a model multichannel microfluidic network. A topographical profile of the microfluidic surfaces provided lattice Boltzmann simulations with a detailed feature map to precisely reconstruct the experimental environment. Particle distributions from simulations closely reproduced those observed experimentally and both measurements were sensitive to the effects of surface roughness. Under the conditions studied, inertial focusing organized large particles into an annular distribution that limited their transport throughout the network while small particles were transported uniformly to all regions.
Chemogenomic screening identifies the Hsp70 co-chaperone DNAJA1 as a hub for anticancer drug resistance
Authors: Nitika  , Blackman Jacob S. , Knighton Laura E. , Takakuwa Jade E. , Calderwood Stuart K. , Truman Andrew W.
Published: August 2020

Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is an important molecular chaperone that regulates oncoprotein stability and tumorigenesis. However, attempts to develop anti-chaperone drugs targeting molecules such as Hsp70 have been hampered by toxicity issues. Hsp70 is regulated by a suite of co-chaperone molecules that bring “clients” to the primary chaperone for efficient folding. Rather than targeting Hsp70 itself, here we have examined the feasibility of inhibiting the Hsp70 co-chaperone DNAJA1 as a novel anticancer strategy. We found DNAJA1 to be upregulated in a variety of cancers, suggesting a role in malignancy. To confirm this role, we screened the NIH Approved Oncology collection for chemical-genetic interactions with loss of DNAJA1 in cancer. 41 compounds showed strong synergy with DNAJA1 loss, whereas 18 dramatically lost potency. Several hits were validated using a DNAJA1 inhibitor (116-9e) in castration-resistant prostate cancer cell (CRPC) and spheroid models. Taken together, these results confirm that DNAJA1 is a hub for anticancer drug resistance and that DNAJA1 inhibition is a potent strategy to sensitize cancer cells to current and future therapeutics. The large change in drug efficacy linked to DNAJA1 suggests a personalized medicine approach where tumor DNAJA1 status may be used to optimize therapeutic strategy.
Multifunctional light beam control device by stimuli-responsive liquid crystal micro-grating structures
Authors: Algorri J. F. , Morawiak P. , Zografopoulos D. C. , Bennis N. , Spadlo A. , Rodríguez-Cobo L. , Jaroszewicz L. R. , Sánchez-Pena J. M. , López-Higuera J. M.
Published: August 2020

There is an increasing need to control light phase with tailored precision via simple means in both fundamental science and industry. One of the best candidates to achieve this goal are electro-optical materials. In this work, a novel technique to modulate the spatial phase profile of a propagating light beam by means of liquid crystals (LC), electro-optically addressed by indium-tin oxide (ITO) grating microstructures, is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A planar LC cell is assembled between two perpendicularly placed ITO gratings based on microstructured electrodes. By properly selecting only four voltage sources, we modulate the LC-induced phase profile such that non-diffractive Bessel beams, laser stretching, beam steering, and 2D tunable diffraction gratings are generated. In such a way, the proposed LC-tunable component performs as an all-in-one device with unprecedented characteristics and multiple functionalities. The operation voltages are very low and the aperture is large. Moreover, the device operates with a very simple voltage control scheme and it is lightweight and compact. Apart from the demonstrated functionalities, the proposed technique could open further venues of research in optical phase spatial modulation formats based on electro-optical materials.
Bone metastasis is associated with acquisition of mesenchymal phenotype and immune suppression in a model of spontaneous breast cancer metastasis
Authors: Monteran Lea , Ershaid Nour , Sabah Idan , Fahoum Ibrahim , Zait Yael , Shani Ophir , Cohen Noam , Eldar-Boock Anat , Satchi-Fainaro Ronit , Erez Neta
Published: August 2020

The most common site of breast cancer metastasis is the bone, occurring in approximately 70% of patients with advanced disease. Bone metastasis is associated with severe morbidities and high mortality. Therefore, deeper understanding of the mechanisms that enable bone-metastatic relapse are urgently needed. We report the establishment and characterization of a bone-seeking variant of breast cancer cells that spontaneously forms aggressive bone metastases following surgical resection of primary tumor. We characterized the modifications in the immune milieu during early and late stages of metastatic relapse and found that the formation of bone metastases is associated with systemic changes, as well as modifications of the bone microenvironment towards an immune suppressive milieu. Furthermore, we characterized the intrinsic changes in breast cancer cells that facilitate bone-tropism and found that they acquire mesenchymal and osteomimetic features. This model provides a clinically relevant platform to study the functional interactions between breast cancer cells and the bone microenvironment, in an effort to identify novel targets for intervention.
Mediating effect of soluble B-cell activation immune markers on the association between anthropometric and lifestyle factors and lymphoma development
Authors: Saberi Hosnijeh Fatemeh , Kolijn Pieter M. , Casabonne Delphine , Nieters Alexandra , Solans Marta , Naudin Sabine , Ferrari Pietro , Mckay James D. , Weiderpass Elisabete , Perduca Vittorio , Besson Caroline , Mancini Francesca Romana , Masala Giovanna , Krogh Vittorio , Ricceri Fulvio , Huerta José M. , Petrova Dafina , Sala Núria , Trichopoulou Antonia , Karakatsani Anna , La Vecchia Carlo , Kaaks Rudolf , Canzian Federico , Aune Dagfinn , Boeing Heiner , Schulze Matthias B. , Perez-Cornago Aurora , Langerak Anton W. , van der Velden Vincent H. J. , Vermeulen Roel
Published: August 2020

Sustained B-cell activation is an important mechanism contributing to B-cell lymphoma (BCL). We aimed to validate four previously reported B-cell activation markers predictive of BCL risk (sCD23, sCD27, sCD30, and CXCL13) and to examine their possible mediating effects on the association between anthropometric and lifestyle factors and major BCL subtypes. Pre-diagnostic serum levels were measured for 517 BCL cases and 525 controls in a nested case–control study. The odds ratios of BCL were 6.2 in the highest versus lowest quartile for sCD23, 2.6 for sCD30, 4.2 for sCD27, and 2.6 for CXCL13. Higher levels of all markers were associated with increased risk of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), follicular lymphoma (FL), and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Following mutual adjustment for the other immune markers, sCD23 remained associated with all subtypes and CXCL13 with FL and DLBCL. The associations of sCD23 with CLL and DLBCL and CXCL13 with DLBCL persisted among cases sampled > 9 years before diagnosis. sCD23 showed a good predictive ability (area under the curve = 0.80) for CLL, in particular among older, male participants. sCD23 and CXCL13 showed a mediating effect between body mass index (positive) and DLBCL risk, while CXCL13 contributed to the association between physical activity (inverse) and DLBCL. Our data suggest a role of B-cell activation in BCL development and a mediating role of the immune system for lifestyle factors.
Long-read assays shed new light on the transcriptome complexity of a viral pathogen
Authors: Tombácz Dóra , Prazsák István , Csabai Zsolt , Moldován Norbert , Dénes Béla , Snyder Michael , Boldogkői Zsolt
Published: August 2020

Characterization of global transcriptomes using conventional short-read sequencing is challenging due to the insensitivity of these platforms to transcripts isoforms, multigenic RNA molecules, and transcriptional overlaps. Long-read sequencing (LRS) can overcome these limitations by reading full-length transcripts. Employment of these technologies has led to the redefinition of transcriptional complexities in reported organisms. In this study, we applied LRS platforms from Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore Technologies to profile the vaccinia virus (VACV) transcriptome. We performed cDNA and direct RNA sequencing analyses and revealed an extremely complex transcriptional landscape of this virus. In particular, VACV genes produce large numbers of transcript isoforms that vary in their start and termination sites. A significant fraction of VACV transcripts start or end within coding regions of neighbouring genes. This study provides new insights into the transcriptomic profile of this viral pathogen.
Diagnosis and mortality prediction of sepsis via lysophosphatidylcholine 16:0 measured by MALDI-TOF MS
Authors: Lee Eun Hye , Shin Mi Hwa , Park Jong-Min , Lee Sang-Guk , Ku Nam Su , Kim Young Sam , Park Moo Suk , Pyun Jae-Chul , Chung Kyung Soo
Published: August 2020

Sepsis remains a critical problem with high mortality worldwide, but there is still a lack of reliable biomarkers. We aimed to evaluate the serum lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) 16:0 as a biomarker of sepsis using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Patients admitted to intensive care unit at Severance Hospital from March 2017 through June 2018 were prospectively enrolled. The inclusion criteria were the fulfillment of at least two criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) or the presence of sepsis. Of the 127 patients, 14 had non-infectious SIRS, 41 had sepsis, and 72 had septic shock. The mean serum LPC 16:0 concentration (µmol/L) in non-infectious SIRS was significantly higher than in patients with sepsis and septic shock (101.1 vs. 48.92, p < 0.05; 101.1 vs. 25.88, p < 0.001, respectively). The area under the curve (AUC) predicting 28-day mortality using ΔLPC16:0 (D1-D0) levels was 0.7, which was comparable with the APACHE II score (AUC 0.692) and SOFA score (AUC 0.67). Mechanical ventilation, CRRT, lactate, Δ LPC16:0 (D1-D0) less than the cut-off value were significantly associated with 28-day mortality in multivariable analysis. Our results suggest that LPC16:0 could be a useful biomarker for sepsis diagnosis and mortality prediction in ICU patients.
A fine-tuned β-catenin regulation during proliferation of corneal endothelial cells revealed using proteomics analysis
Authors: Maurizi Eleonora , Schiroli Davide , Zini Roberta , Limongelli Anna , Mistò Raffaela , Macaluso Claudio , Pellegrini Graziella
Published: August 2020

Corneal endothelial (CE) dysfunction is the main indication for corneal transplantation, an invasive procedure with several limitations. Developing novel strategies to re-activate CE regenerative capacity is, therefore, of fundamental importance. This goal has proved to be challenging as corneal endothelial cells (CEnC) are blocked in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle in vivo and, albeit retaining proliferative capacity in vitro, this is further hindered by endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Herein we investigated the mechanisms regulating CEnC proliferation in vitro. Comparing the proteome of non-proliferating (in vivo—G0/G1) and proliferating (in vitro—G2/M) rabbit CEnC (rCEnC), 77 proteins, out of 3,328 identified, were differentially expressed in the two groups (p < 0.005). Literature and Gene Ontology analysis revealed β-catenin and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) pathways to be correlated with the identified proteins. Treatment of rCEnC with a β-catenin activator and inhibitor showed that β-catenin activation was necessary during rCEnC proliferation, but not sufficient for its induction. Furthermore, both pro-proliferative activity of basic fibroblast growth factor and anti-proliferative effects of TGF-β were regulated through β-catenin. Overall, these results provide novel insights into the molecular basis underlying the proliferation process that CEnC re-activate in vitro, consolidating the role of β-catenin and TGF-β.
Collective effects of the cost of opinion change
Authors: Schawe Hendrik , Hernández Laura
Published: August 2020

We study the dynamics of opinion formation in the situation where changing opinion involves a cost for the agents. To do so we couple the dynamics of a heterogeneous bounded confidence Hegselmann–Krause model with that of the resources that the agents invest on each opinion change. The outcomes of the dynamics are non-trivial and strongly depend on the different regions of the confidence parameter space. In particular, a second order phase transition, for which we determine the corresponding critical exponents, is found in the region where a re-entrant consensus phase is observed in the heterogeneous Hegselmann–Krause model. For regions where consensus always exist in the heterogeneous Hegselmann–Krause model, the introduction of cost does not lead to a phase transition but just to a continuous decrease of the size of the largest opinion cluster. Finally in the region where fragmentation is expected in the heterogeneous HK model, the introduction of a very small cost surprisingly increases the size of the largest opinion cluster.
Effects of neonatal isoflurane anesthesia exposure on learning-specific and sensory systems in adults
Authors: Aksenov Daniil P. , Venkatasubramanian Palamadai N. , Miller Michael J. , Dixon Conor J. , Li Limin , Wyrwicz Alice M.
Published: August 2020

Millions of children undergo general anesthesia each year, and animal and human studies have indicated that exposure to anesthesia at an early age can impact neuronal development, leading to behavioral and learning impairments that manifest later in childhood and adolescence. Here, we examined the effects of isoflurane, a commonly-used general anesthetic, which was delivered to newborn rabbits. Trace eyeblink classical conditioning was used to assess the impact of neonatal anesthesia exposure on behavioral learning in adolescent subjects, and a variety of MRI techniques including fMRI, MR volumetry, spectroscopy and DTI captured functional, metabolic, and structural changes in key regions of the learning and sensory systems associated with anesthesia-induced learning impairment. Our results demonstrated a wide array of changes that were specific to anesthesia-exposed subjects, which supports previous studies that have pointed to a link between early anesthesia exposure and the development of learning and behavioral deficiencies. These findings point to the need for caution in avoiding excessive use of general anesthesia in young children and neonates.
Adaptation in U.S. Corn Belt increases resistance to soil carbon loss with climate change
Authors: Zhang Yao , Marx Ernie , Williams Stephen , Gurung Ram , Ogle Stephen , Horton Radley , Bader Daniel , Paustian Keith
Published: August 2020

Increasing the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC) has agronomic benefits and the potential to mitigate climate change. Previous regional predictions of SOC trends under climate change often ignore or do not explicitly consider the effect of crop adaptation (i.e., changing planting dates and varieties). We used the DayCent biogeochemical model to examine the effect of adaptation on SOC for corn and soybean production in the U.S. Corn Belt using climate data from three models. Without adaptation, yields of both corn and soybean tended to decrease and the decomposition of SOC tended to increase leading to a loss of SOC with climate change compared to a baseline scenario with no climate change. With adaptation, the model predicted a substantially higher crop yield. The increase in yields and associated carbon input to the SOC pool counteracted the increased decomposition in the adaptation scenarios, leading to similar SOC stocks under different climate change scenarios. Consequently, we found that crop management adaptation to changing climatic conditions strengthen agroecosystem resistance to SOC loss. However, there are differences spatially in SOC trends. The northern part of the region is likely to gain SOC while the southern part of the region is predicted to lose SOC.
Contribution of endogenous antibodies to learning deficits and astrocytosis in human P301S mutant tau transgenic mice
Authors: van der Hoven Julia , van Hummel Annika , Przybyla Magdalena , Asih Prita R. , Gajwani Mehul , Feiten Astrid F. , Ke Yazi D. , Ittner Arne , van Eersel Janet , Ittner Lars M.
Published: August 2020

Antibodies have been explored extensively as a potential therapeutic for Alzheimer’s disease, where amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and the tau protein deposit in patient brains. While the major focus of antibody-based therapy development was on Aβ, arguably with limited success in clinical trials, targeting tau has become an emerging strategy, possibly extending therapies to dementias with isolated tau pathology. Interestingly, low titres of autoantibodies to pathological tau have been described in humans and transgenic mouse models, but their pathophysiological relevance remained elusive. Here, we used two independent approaches to deplete the B-cell lineage and hence antibody formation in human P301S mutant tau transgenic mice, TAU58/2. TAU58/2 mice were either crossed with the B-cell-deficient Ighm knockout line (muMT−/−) or treated with anti-CD20 antibodies that target B-cell precursors. In both models, B-cell depletion significantly reduced astrocytosis in TAU58/2 mice. Only when B-cells were absent throughout life, in TAU58/2.muMT−/− mice, were spatial learning deficits moderately aggravated while motor performance improved as compared to B-cell-competent TAU58/2 mice. This was associated with changes in brain region-specific tau solubility. No other relevant behavioural or neuropathological changes were observed in TAU58/2 mice in the absence of B-cells/antibodies. Taken together, our data suggests that the presence of antibodies throughout life contributes to astrocytosis in TAU58/2 mice and limits learning deficits, while other deficits and neuropathological changes appear to be independent of the presence of B-cells/antibodies.
Follicle-stimulating hormone promotes the proliferation of epithelial ovarian cancer cells by activating sphingosine kinase
Authors: Song Keqi , Dai Lan , Long Xiaoran , Wang Wenjing , Di Wen
Published: August 2020

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is closely related to the pathogenesis and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, until now, knowledge relating to FSH-driven signalling pathways that lead to the growth of EOC remained incomplete. We sought to explore whether sphingosine kinase (SphK) could mediate FSH-induced ovarian cancer cell proliferation and which pathway might be involved in this process. The expression of phospho-SphK1 and phospho-SphK2 was detected in sections of EOC tissues by Immunohistochemical staining, and clinical significances were analyzed by statistical analysis. EOC cells were treated with FSH or/and SKI-II. CCK8 assays and colony formation assays were used to investigate cell proliferation. Western blot was carried out to detect protein expression in EOC cell line after treated with FSH. Here, for the first time, we provide evidence that high expression levels of phospho-SphK1 and phospho-SphK2 were both prognostic indicators of overall survival (OS) in EOC. Additionally, the expression levels of both phospho-SphK1 and phospho-SphK2 were closely correlated with the expression level of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) in ovarian cancer tissues. FSH stimulated the phosphorylation of both SphK1 and SphK2 and was able to regulate the survival and growth of ovarian cancer cells by activating SphK1 and SphK2 through ERK1/2. Both isoenzymes of SphK were equally responsible for FSH-induced cell proliferation of EOC. Both Erk1/2 and Akt activation play important roles in mediating FSH-induced cell proliferation after phosphorylation of SphK. Moreover, our data demonstrated that S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) and S1PR3, key components of the SphK signalling system, were involved in FSH-mediated proliferation of EOC. Taken together, the results of the current study revealed that SphK is an essential mediator in FSH-induced proliferation of ovarian cancer cells in EOC, which indicates a new signalling pathway that controls FSH-mediated growth in EOC and suggests a new strategy that pharmaceutically targets both isoenzymes of SphK for the management of ovarian cancer.
Elastic modulus evolution of rocks under heating–cooling cycles
Authors: Liu Weidong , Zhang Liangchi , Luo Ning
Published: August 2020

Rocks decay significantly during or after heating–cooling cycles, which can in turn lead to hazards such as landslide and stone building collapse. Nevertheless, the deterioration mechanisms are unclear. This paper presents a simple and reliable method to explore the mechanical property evolutions of representative sandstones during heating–cooling cycles. It was found that rock decay takes place in both heating and cooling processes, and dramatic modulus changes occurred near the α − β phase transition temperature of quartz. Our analysis also revealed that the rock decay is mainly attributed to the internal cracking. The underlying mechanism is the heterogeneous thermal deformation of mineral grains and the α – β phase transition of quartz.
Risk of fracture according to glucocorticoid use after renal biopsy: a nationwide population-based study
Authors: Lee Eunyoung , Lee Min-Jeong , Park Bumhee , Park Inwhee
Published: August 2020

Few data are available regarding fracture risk in patients treated with glucocorticoids, including patients with kidney disease. A population-based retrospective cohort study was performed using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database, a South Korean nationwide cohort set. This study identified 44,702 patients with diagnosis code of kidney diseases who received a renal biopsy between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2017. A total of 8,624 patients met all study inclusion criteria. A total of 1,406 fractures of any site were observed in the study period. The glucocorticoid-exposed group had more fractures than the unexposed (14.4% vs 8.8%, P < 0.0001). Vertebral fractures were the most common, followed by upper limb, and lower limb fractures. The exposed group showed a remarkably higher hazard ratio of fracture risk (HR 6.0, 95% CI 5.01–7.23) than the unexposed group, indicating systemic glucocorticoid exposure was highly associated with fracture risk. Although HR increased at doses even less than 5 mg/day, it was independent of dose. Older age showed a significant effect on fracture risk (HR 1.2, 95% CI 1.05–1.44), even after adjusting for systemic glucocorticoid exposure. Glucocorticoids was associated with higher risk of fracture even at a low daily dose and short term exposure.
Improving growth properties and phytochemical compounds of Echinacea purpurea (L.) medicinal plant using novel nitrogen slow release fertilizer under greenhouse conditions
Authors: Ahmadi Fatemeh , Samadi Abbas , Rahimi Amir
Published: August 2020

Medicinal plant production is most important than other agricultural plants due to their phytochemical compounds effects on human health. Paying attention to plant nutrition requirement is so important. In order to assess the effect of nitrate (NO3−) dosage supplies from two types of fertilizers on growth and phytochemical properties of Echinacea purpurea rhizomata cum radicibus, an experiment with completely simple design was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Two types of fertilizers (new invented nitrogen (N) slow release fertilizer and urea chemical fertilizer) at three dosages (50, 100, and 150 mM) were applied. Plant growth parameters and total phenolic (TPC), total flavonoids (TFC), polysaccarides content, essential oil content, caffeic acid derivatives, and anti-radical scavenging activities of E. purpurea were assessed. The results showed the significant (p ≤ 0.01) differences among treatments, both in growth and phytochemical properties. Using of N slow release, especially in 150 mM dosage, significantly increased all the plant growth and phytochemical properties. The dried E. purpurea rhizomata cum radicibus contained more caftaric acid (max 12.56 mg g−1 DW) and chicoric acid (max 7.56 mg g−1 DW) than other derivatives. Despite the impact of heavy metals on yield and growth of E. purpurea, the concentration of all heavy metals and micronutrients (boron (B), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)) in studied soil and fertilizer samples was less than United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) limits of contamination. Based on the results, using of N slow release fertilizers can improve phytochemical properties of the plant due to its polymeric structure and can be a suitable substitution of chemical fertilizers, especially in medicinal plants growth.
Human adiponectin receptor AdipoR1 assumes closed and open structures
Authors: Tanabe Hiroaki , Fujii Yoshifumi , Okada-Iwabu Miki , Iwabu Masato , Kano Kuniyuki , Kawana Hiroki , Hato Masakatsu , Nakamura Yoshihiro , Terada Takaho , Kimura-Someya Tomomi , Shirouzu Mikako , Kawano Yoshiaki , Yamamoto Masaki , Aoki Junken , Yamauchi Toshimasa , Kadowaki Takashi , Yokoyama Shigeyuki
Published: August 2020

The human adiponectin receptors, AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, are key anti-diabetic molecules. We previously reported the crystal structures of human AdipoR1 and AdipoR2, revealing that their seven transmembrane helices form an internal closed cavity (the closed form). In this study, we determined the crystal structure of the D208A variant AdipoR1, which is fully active with respect to the major downstream signaling. Among the three molecules in the asymmetric unit, two assume the closed form, and the other adopts the open form with large openings in the internal cavity. Between the closed- and open-form structures, helices IV and V are tilted with their intracellular ends shifted by about 4 and 11 Å, respectively. Furthermore, we reanalyzed our previous wild-type AdipoR1 diffraction data, and determined a 44:56 mixture of the closed and open forms, respectively. Thus, we have clarified the closed-open interconversion of AdipoR1, which may be relevant to its functional mechanism(s).
Direct observation of time-asymmetric breakdown of the standard adiabaticity around an exceptional point
Authors: Choi Youngsun , Yoon Jae Woong , Hong Jong Kyun , Ryu Yeonghwa , Song Seok Ho
Published: August 2020

Recent study on topological operations around an exceptional point singularity has shown remarkably robust chiral processes that potentially create time-asymmetric or nonreciprocal systems and devices. Nevertheless, direct observation of the entire dynamics in the courses of the topological operations has not been revealed in experiments thus far. Here, we report a comprehensive experimental study on fully time-resolved dynamic-state evolution passages during encircling-an-exceptional-point operations. Using dynamically tunable electrical oscillators, we create a self-intersecting eigenvalue topology with an unprecedented accuracy and experimentally confirm that the time-asymmetric breakdown of the standard adiabaticity is indeed unavoidable when the system encircles an exceptional point in the canonical adiabatic limit. We further discuss the impact of parasitic noises on the time-asymmetric mode-transfer performance and subsequent considerations for practical design requirements.
Aptamer-enhanced fluorescence determination of bisphenol A after magnetic solid-phase extraction using Fe3O4@SiO2@aptamer
Authors: Xu Zhou , Chen Yanqiu , Tang Yao , Chen Maolong , Chen Wei , Cheng Yunhui
Published: August 2020

The detection of bisphenol A based on the Fe3O4@SiO2@Aptamer nanoparticles.
Effect of different nitric acid concentrations on manganese/activated carbon-modified catalysts for the catalytic ozonation of toluene
Authors: Xu Pei-lun , Wei Tong , Yue Huan-yu , Wen Yu-ce , Wei Yang , Guo Tian-jiao , Li Su-jing , Li Wei , Wang Xiang-qian
Published: August 2020

In this work, the effect of nitric acid modification on activated carbon (AC) and on properties of Mn/AC ozone catalysts was studied.
Slow magnetic relaxation in penta-coordinate cobalt(ii) field-induced single-ion magnets (SIMs) with easy-axis magnetic anisotropy
Authors: Massoud Salah S. , Perez Zoe E. , Courson Jessica R. , Fischer Roland C. , Mautner Franz A. , Vančo Ján , Čajan Michal , Trávníček Zdeněk
Published: August 2020

Two penta-coordinate [Co(Ln)(NCS)]ClO4 with substituted pyridyl based bispyrazolyl ligands have been structurally characterized. The complexes show an easy-axis magnetic anisotropy, large rhombicity and slow relaxation of magnetization.
Indoor aerosol water content and phase state in U.S. residences: impacts of relative humidity, aerosol mass and composition, and mechanical system operation
Authors: Cummings Bryan E. , Li Ying , DeCarlo Peter F. , Shiraiwa Manabu , Waring Michael S.
Published: August 2020

Hygroscopic particulate matter constituents promote uptake of aerosol water, depending on relative humidity, which can constrain qualities such as organic aerosol phase state and inorganic aerosol deliquescence and efflorescence.
Nanobiochar: production, properties, and multifunctional applications
Authors: Ramanayaka Sammani , Vithanage Meththika , Alessi Daniel S. , Liu Wu-Jun , Jayasundera Anil C. A. , Ok Yong Sik
Published: August 2020

Biochar conversion into nanobiochar induced multiple potential applications as an adsorbent, sensor, capacitor, and photocatalytic and plant nanobionic material.
Leaf vein-inspired microfiltration membrane based on ultrathin nanonetworks
Authors: Tang Ning , Si Yang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: August 2020

Leaf vein-inspired membranes with nanonetwork structures were constructed for high-flux water purification under ultralow driving pressures.
Controlling lipid intestinal digestibility using various oil structuring mechanisms
Authors: Ashkar Areen , Rosen-Kligvasser Jasmine , Lesmes Uri , Davidovich-Pinhas Maya
Published: August 2020

This research demonstrates the ability to direct the rate and extent of lipid hydrolysis of oleogels using a combination of different structuring agents.
Emulsion-filled hydrogels for food applications: influence of pH on emulsion stability and a coating on microgel protection
Authors: Silva Karen Cristina Guedes , Bourbon Ana Isabel , Pastrana Lorenzo , Sato Ana Carla Kawazoe
Published: August 2020

Emulsion with gelatinized starch, also composed of alginate and gelatin, showed stability at pH 6, allowing microgels production by ionic gelation. During the in vitro digestion, microgels with the coating layer were more stable.
Astaxanthin attenuates oxidative stress and immune impairment in d-galactose-induced aging in rats by activating the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway and suppressing the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Chen Zhiqing , Xiao Jie , Liu Han , Yao Kangfei , Hou Xiaoning , Cao Yong , Liu Xiaojuan
Published: August 2020

The mechanism of AST's age-delaying effects is related to the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway and the NF-κB pathway, as well as involved in cellular immunity and humoral immunity.
In situ synthesis of polyynes in a polymer matrix via pulsed laser ablation in a liquid
Authors: Peggiani Sonia , Facibeni Anna , Milani Alberto , Castiglioni Chiara , Russo Valeria , Li Bassi Andrea , Casari Carlo S.
Published: August 2020

Nanocomposites are based on polyynes synthesized by laser ablation of graphite directly in a solution of PVA.
Nucleic acid peptide nanogels for the treatment of bacterial keratitis
Authors: Obuobi Sybil , Mayandi Venkatesh , Nor Nurul Azlyn Mohd , Lee Benedict Jiasheng , Lakshminarayanan Rajamani , Ee Pui Lai Rachel
Published: August 2020

DNA nanogels were developed with rapid in situ loading of L12 peptides during thermal hybridization. This facile strategy retained peptide efficacy to achieve fast resolution of bacterial keratitis.
Electric field tuned anisotropic to isotropic thermal transport transition in monolayer borophene without altering its atomic structure
Authors: Yang Zhonghua , Yuan Kunpeng , Meng Jin , Hu Ming
Published: August 2020

Thermal anisotropy/isotropy can be tuned robustly by external electric field without altering atomic structure.
A multi-interfacial FeOOH@NiCo2O4 heterojunction as a highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting
Authors: Cao Xi , Sang Yan , Wang Lvxuan , Ding Gaofei , Yu Runhan , Geng Baoyou
Published: August 2020

Multi-interfacial FeOOH@NiCo2O4 hybrid nanoflowers are successfully prepared by a two-step hydrothermal method. The as-obtained sample can be used as an efficient and stable dual-function electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.
Integration of bubble phobicity, gas sensing and friction alleviation into a versatile MoS2/SnO2/CNF heterostructure by an impressive, simple and effective method
Authors: Yang Fuchao , Wang Caiyun , Guo Zhiguang
Published: August 2020

The design strategy is to anchor MoS2/SnO2 beads onto one-dimensional CNFs for bubble phobicity, gas sensing and friction alleviation.
Modified graphene supported Ag–Cu NPs with enhanced bimetallic synergistic effect in oxidation and Chan–Lam coupling reactions
Authors: Sharma Nitika , Choudhary Anu , Kaur Manpreet , Sharma Chandan , Paul Satya , Gupta Monika
Published: August 2020

Cu@Ag–TiO2–NGO prepared from modified graphene by simple methodology exhibits enhanced catalytic activity towards oxidation and Chan–Lam coupling due to the synergistic effect between Ag and Cu NPs.
Alkaline earth metal ion coordination increases the radical scavenging efficiency of kaempferol
Authors: Qian Ling-Ling , Lu Yao , Xu Yi , Yang Zhi-Yin , Yang Jing , Zhou Yi-Ming , Han Rui-Min , Zhang Jian-Ping , Skibsted Leif H.
Published: August 2020

Radical scavenging activity of kaempferol is notably enhanced by Ca(ii) binding.
Rational design of yolk–shell nanostructures for drug delivery
Authors: Mohammadi Ziarani Ghodsi , Mofatehnia Parisa , Mohajer Fatemeh , Badiei Alireza
Published: August 2020

The recent progress in yolk–shell nanoparticles (YSNPs) as a new class of hollow nanostructures applied for drug delivery.
Chitin derived biochar for efficient capacitive deionization performance
Authors: Li Pengwei , Feng Tao , Song Zhengyuan , Tan Yi , Luo Weiwei
Published: August 2020

Schematic illustration of the fabrication of chitin derived biochar and KOH-activated chitin derived biochar electrodes for capacitive deionization.
Morphology, structural, thermal and rheological properties of wheat starch–palmitic acid complexes prepared during steam cooking
Authors: Shi Shaoxia , Dong Yaoyao , Li Qi , Liu Tingting , Yu Xiuzhu
Published: August 2020

The present paper introduces the formation and characteristics of wheat starch–palmitic acid complexes during long-term steam cooking.