bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Domain Color Image Watermarking Scheme Based on Hyperchaotic Mapping
Authors: Dong Yumin , Yan Rui , Zhang Qiong , Wu Xuesong
Published: June 2024

In the field of image watermarking technology, it is very important to balance imperceptibility, robustness and embedding capacity. In order to solve this key problem, this paper proposes a new color image adaptive watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). In order to improve the security of the watermark, we use Lorenz hyperchaotic mapping to encrypt the watermark image. We adaptively determine the embedding factor by calculating the Bhattacharyya distance between the cover image and the watermark image, and combine the Alpha blending technique to embed the watermark image into the Y component of the YCbCr color space to enhance the imperceptibility of the algorithm. The experimental results show that the average PSNR of our scheme is 45.9382 dB, and the SSIM is 0.9986. Through a large number of experimental results and comparative analysis, it shows that the scheme has good imperceptibility and robustness, indicating that we have achieved a good balance between imperceptibility, robustness and embedding capacity.
The Quest for an ESG Country Rank: A Performance Contribution Analysis/MCDM Approach
Authors: Tan Yong , Karbassi Yazdi Amir , Antunes Jorge , Wanke Peter , Gunasekaran Angappa , Corrêa Henrique Luiz , Coluccio Giuliani
Published: June 2024

Utilizing Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods based on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors to rank countries according to these criteria aims to evaluate and prioritize countries based on their performance in environmental, social, and governance aspects. The contemporary world is influenced by a multitude of factors, which consequently impact our lives. Various models are devised to assess company performance, with the intention of enhancing quality of life. An exemplary case is the ESG framework, encompassing environmental, social, and governmental dimensions. Implementing this framework is intricate, and many nations are keen on understanding their global ranking and avenues for enhancement. Different statistical and mathematical methods have been employed to represent these rankings. This research endeavors to examine both types of methods to ascertain the one yielding the optimal outcome. The ESG model comprises eleven factors, each contributing to its efficacy. We employ the Performance Contribution Analysis (PCA), Clifford algebra method, and entropy weight technique to rank these factors, aiming to identify the most influential factor in countries’ ESG-based rankings. Based on prioritization results, political stability (PSAV) and the voice of accountability (VA) emerge as pivotal elements. In light of the ESG model and MCDA methods, the following countries exhibit significant societal impact: Sweden, Finland, New Zealand, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Denmark, India, Norway, Canada, Germany, Austria, and Australia. This research contributes in two distinct dimensions, considering the global context and MCDA methods employed. Undoubtedly, a research gap is identified, necessitating the development of a novel model for the comparative evaluation of countries in relation to prior studies.
Effectiveness and Complications of Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis of Kellgren–Lawrence Grades II–III
Authors: Baek Ji-Hoon , Lee Su Chan , Lee Dong Nyoung , Ahn Hye Sun , Nam Chang Hyun
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to identify the effectiveness and potential complications on the harvest site and knee of bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC) treatment of patients with Kellgren–Lawrence (K–L) grades II–III knee osteoarthritis (OA) over a minimum follow-up period of 6 months. This study retrospectively evaluated data from 231 patients (285 knees) with knee OA treated with BMAC articular injection at a single center from August 2023 to October 2023. The inclusion criteria were a longstanding knee pain unresponsive to conservative treatments for at least 6 weeks with K–L grades II–III OA. The exclusion criteria were age of <40 years or >80 years, previous knee surgery, rheumatological or other systemic disease, malignancy, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, or infections. Bone marrow was aspirated from the anterior iliac crest and concentrated by the single-spin centrifugation technique. The visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and Knee Society Score were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes and complications associated with harvest and injection sites were evaluated. The mean follow-up period was 7.2 months (range: 6–8 months). The pretreatment VAS pain score decreased from 4.3 to 0.4 points at the final follow-up (p < 0.05). Pretreatment Knee Society knee and function scores were improved from 86.9 to 98.1 (p < 0.05) and from 68.4 to 83.3 points (p < 0.05), respectively. A total of 15 complications (5.3%, 15/285) were observed, including 3 hematomas, 2 numbness, 2 contact dermatitis, and 1 superficial infection in the harvest site and 4 mild and moderate swelling and 3 severe swelling and pain in the injection site. BMAC is a reliable and effective treatment for patients with K–L grades II–III knee OA, but the orthopedic surgeon should consider that bleeding tendency by heparin causes severe joint swelling and pain after intra-articular knee injection.
Harnessing Microwave Technology for Enhanced Recovery of Zinc from Industrial Clinker
Authors: Kenzhaliyev Bagdaulet , Surkova Tatiana , Berkinbayeva Ainur , Baltabekova Zhazira , Smailov Kenzhegali
Published: June 2024

This article presents a cutting-edge approach to microwave-assisted processing aimed at enhancing the efficiency of zinc extraction from materials characterized by a high degree of processing complexity. The described technique encompasses two sequential phases: phase transformation under microwave irradiation and leaching in sulfuric acid at ambient temperature. During the phase transformation, implemented through the application of microwave energy, insoluble zinc phases undergo a controlled transition. The experimental results confirm that microwave calcination at 600 °C for 5–7 min is effective for converting ZnS to ZnO without the formation of ZnO∙Fe2O3. Zinc extraction from the clinker reached 46.47% after treatment with microwave radiation at a power of 25 kW for the specified duration. Thus, this study opens up prospects for environmentally friendly zinc extraction from challenging-to-process resources.
Tribological Behavior Analysis of Valve Plate Pair Materials in Aircraft Piston Pumps and Friction Coefficient Prediction Using Machine Learning
Authors: Wang Yongjie , Nie Rui , Liu Xiaochao , Wang Shijie , Li Yunlong
Published: June 2024

To address the problem of tribological failure in an aircraft piston pump valve plate pair, the friction and wear properties of the valve plate pair materials (W9Mo3Cr4V-HAl61-4-3-1) of an axial piston pump at a certain speed and load were studied using a disc-ring tester under lubrication with No. 15 aviation hydraulic oil. The results show that the friction coefficient (COF) fluctuated in the range of 0.019~0.120 when the load (L) increased from 30 N to 120 N, and the speed increased from 100 r/min to 500 r/min. With the increase in the rotational speed, the COF of the valve plate pair decreased first and then increased. When the rotation speed (V) was 300 r/min, the relative COF was the smallest. Under L lower than 60 N, abrasive wear was the main wear mechanism. Under L higher than 90 N, the main wear mechanism was adhesive wear but mild oxidation wear also occurred. In addition, based on the V, L, radius (R), and test duration (T), which affected COF, the random forest regression (RFR) algorithm, the bagging regression (BR) algorithm, and the extra trees regression (ETR) algorithm were used as machine learning methods to predict the COF of the valve plate pair. Mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and coefficient of determination (R2) were used to evaluate its performance, with the results showing that the ETR prediction model was the best method for predicting COF. The results of the machine learning also showed that the contributions of V, L, R, and T were 43.56%, 36.76%, 13.13%, and 6.55%, respectively, indicating that V had the greatest influence on the COF of the W9Mo3Cr4V/HAl61-4-3-1 friction pair. This study is expected to provide support for the rapid development of new valve plate pair materials.
Next-Generation Lubricity in Deep Drawing: The Synergistic Benefits of PIL and Talc on Water-Based Lubricants
Authors: de Castro Victor Velho , Ev Cristiano , Noronha Leandro Câmara , Bullmann Matheus , Etcheverry Louise , dos Santos Leonardo Moreira , Vargas Rafael Marquetto , Mattedi Silvana , Schroeder Roberto Moreira , Malfatti Célia de Fraga
Published: June 2024

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of water-based formulations featuring m-2HEAOL and talc particles in deep drawing applications. The coefficient of friction (COF) was measured through bending under tension (BUT) tests, while the interaction mechanism between protic ionic liquid (PIL) and talc particles was analysed using FTIR, XPS, and TGA analyses. The results indicate that the formulation containing 8 wt% PIL and 0.5 wt% talc exhibited the best lubricating performance. This was due to the interaction of the PIL oleate molecules with the Mg found in the talc basal layer, which enhanced the cleavage capacity of this mineral, ultimately improving the lubricity of the formulation.
Effect of Incorporation of Sulfation in Columnar Modeling of Oxidized Copper Minerals on Predictions of Leaching Kinetics
Authors: Bruce Elena , Sepúlveda Rossana , Castillo Jonathan , Saldana Manuel
Published: June 2024

Mathematical modeling of columnar leaching is a useful tool for predicting and evaluating the kinetics of copper extraction. One commonly used model for this process is the shrinking core model (SCM). In this study, the aim was to develop a model for column leaching of oxidized copper ore based on the SCM, which incorporates the ore sulfation stage before leaching. In sulfation and leaching laboratory-scale tests, we studied the effect of acid dosage (at 22.8, 34.2, and 45.6 kg/t), humidity (at 90%, 100%, and 110% of the saturation humidity of the mineral), ore granulometry (−3/4″ and −3/8″), and rest time (at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h) on sulfation. We found that the highest sulfation reached 49.7% for both granulometries in studies. In the column tests, the effects of acid dosage (at 34.2, 45.6 kg/t), ore granulometry (−3/4″, −3/8″), and rest time (at 24, 48 h) were studied. When the SCM was applied to these tests, we obtained fit qualities within 63.4% and 74.9%. By incorporating the sulfation factor into the SCM predictions, we observed an average increase in adjustment between 24% and 28%. This method is effective for minerals and operating conditions different from the ones studied.
Novel Hydrogels Based on the Nano-Emulsion Formulation Process: Development, Rheological Characterization, and Study as a Drug Delivery System
Authors: Jamshaid Usama , Anton Nicolas , Elhassan Mohamed , Conzatti Guillaume , Vandamme Thierry F.
Published: June 2024

In this study, we present a new type of polymer-free hydrogel made only from nonionic surfactants, oil, and water. Such a system is produced by taking advantage of the physicochemical behavior and interactions between nonionic surfactants and oil and water phases, according to a process close to spontaneous emulsification used in the production of nano-emulsions. Contrary to the classical process of emulsion-based gel formulation, we propose a simple one-step approach. Beyond the originality of the concept, these nanoemulgels appear as very promising systems able to encapsulate and deliver various molecules with different solubilities. In the first section, we propose a comprehensive investigation of the gel formation process and its limits through oscillatory rheological characterization, characterization of the sol/gel transitions, and gel strength. The second section is focused on the follow-up of the release of an encapsulated model hydrophilic molecule and on the impact of the rheological gel properties on the release profiles.
Maize Autophagy-Related Protein ZmATG3 Confers Tolerance to Multiple Abiotic Stresses
Authors: Liu Mengli , Ma Li , Tang Yao , Yang Wangjing , Yang Yuying , Xi Jing , Wang Xuan , Zhu Wanchao , Xue Jiquan , Zhang Xinghua , Xu Shutu
Published: June 2024

Abiotic stresses pose a major increasing problem for the cultivation of maize. Autophagy plays a vital role in recycling and re-utilizing nutrients and adapting to stress. However, the role of autophagy in the response to abiotic stress in maize has not yet been investigated. Here, ZmATG3, which is essential for ATG8-PE conjugation, was isolated from the maize inbred line B73. The ATG3 sequence was conserved, including the C-terminal domains with HPC and FLKF motifs and the catalytic domain in different species. The promoter of the ZmATG3 gene contained a number of elements involved in responses to environmental stresses or hormones. Heterologous expression of ZmATG3 in yeast promoted the growth of strain under salt, mannitol, and low-nitrogen stress. The expression of ZmATG3 could be altered by various types of abiotic stress (200 mM NaCl, 200 mM mannitol, low N) and exogenous hormones (500 µM ABA). GUS staining analysis of ZmATG3-GUS transgenic Arabidopsis revealed that GUS gene activity increased after abiotic treatment. ZmATG3-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants had higher osmotic and salinity stress tolerance than wild-type plants. Overexpression of ZmATG3 up-regulated the expression of other AtATGs (AtATG3, AtATG5, and AtATG8b) under NaCl, mannitol and LN stress. These findings demonstrate that overexpression of ZmATG3 can improve tolerance to multiple abiotic stresses.
Functional Characterization of PoEP1 in Regulating the Flowering Stage of Tree Peony
Authors: Lei Yang , Gao Jingshan , Li Yuying , Song Chengwei , Guo Qi , Guo Lili , Hou Xiaogai
Published: June 2024

The tree peony, a traditional flower in China, has a short and concentrated flowering period, restricting the development of the tree peony industry. To explore the molecular mechanism of tree peony flowering-stage regulation, PoEP1, which regulated the flowering period, was identified and cloned based on the transcriptome and degradome data of the early-flowering mutant Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ (MU) and Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’ (FD). Through bioinformatics analysis, expression pattern analysis, and transgene function verification, the role of PoEP1 in the regulation of tree peony flowering was explored. The open-reading frame of PoEP1 is 1161 bp, encoding 386 amino acids, containing two conserved domains. PoEP1 was homologous to the EP1 of other species. Subcellular localization results showed that the protein was localized in the cell wall and that PoEP1 expression was highest in the initial decay stage of the tree peony. The overexpression of PoEP1 in transgenic plants advanced and shortened the flowering time, indicating that PoEP1 overexpression promotes flowering and senescence and shorten the flowering time of plants. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for exploring the role of PoEP1 in the regulation of tree peony flowering.
Exploring Host Resistance against Chilli Leaf Curl Disease in a Tolerant Chilli Genotype
Authors: Mangal Manisha , Srivastava Arpita , Mandal Bikash , Solanki Vikas , Mirajkar Shriram J. , Shashank Pathour R. , Kalia Pritam , Rana Jai Chand , Sharma Vinod Kumar
Published: June 2024

In tropical countries, combating leaf curl disease in hot peppers has become important in improvement programs. Leaf curl disease is caused by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) transmitted begomoviruses, which mainly include chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV). However, multiple begomoviruses have also been found to be associated with this disease. The Capsicum annuum line, DLS-Sel-10, was found to be a tolerant source against this disease during field screening. In this study, we characterized the resistance of DLS-sel-10 against chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) in comparison to the susceptible cultivar Phule Mukta (PM), focusing on the level, stage, and nature of resistance. Comprehensive investigations involved screening of DLS-Sel-10 against the whitefly vector ChiLCV. The putative tolerant line displayed reduced virus infection at the seedling stage, with increasing resistance during vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages. Both DLS-Sel-10 and PM could be infected with ChiLCV, although DLS-Sel-10 remained symptomless. Insect feeding assays revealed DLS-Sel-10 as a less preferred host for whiteflies compared to PM. In conclusion, DLS-Sel-10 demonstrated tolerance not only to ChiLCV but also served as an unfavorable host for the whitefly vector. The study highlighted an age-dependent increase in tolerance within DLS-Sel-10, showcasing its potential for effective leaf curl disease management in chilli.
Transcriptome Profiling Reveals the Response of Seed Germination of Peganum harmala to Drought Stress
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Su Hongyan , Li Qingen , Li Mengfei
Published: June 2024

Peganum harmala L. is a perennial herbaceous plant that plays critical roles in protecting the ecological environment in arid, semi-arid, and desert areas. Although the seed germination characteristics of P. harmala in response to environmental factors (i.e., drought, temperature, and salt) have been investigated, the response mechanism of seed germination to drought conditions has not yet been revealed. In this study, the changes in the physiological characteristics and transcriptional profiles in seed germination were examined under different polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentrations (0–25%). The results show that the seed germination rate was significantly inhibited with an increase in the PEG concentration. Totals of 3726 and 10,481 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were, respectively, generated at 5% and 25% PEG vs. the control (C), with 1642 co-expressed DEGs, such as drought stress (15), stress response (175), and primary metabolism (261). The relative expression levels (RELs) of the key genes regulating seed germination in response to drought stress were in accordance with the physiological changes. These findings will pave the way to increase the seed germination rate of P. harmala in drought conditions.
Micropropagation and Shoot Tip Cryopreservation of ‘Sunny Gold’ Freesia
Authors: Bae Jinjoo , Song Jae-Young , Lee Young-Yi , Lee Ye-ji , Choi Youn Jung , Kwon Oh-Keun , Nam Sung-Hee , Lee Ho-sun , Kim Seok Cheol , Han Ji-Won
Published: June 2024

Cryopreservation is a promising method for the long-term preservation of plant germplasm, especially for vegetatively propagated species like freesias. In this study, we investigate streamlining the cryopreservation process for ‘Sunny Gold’ Freesia, starting from effective in vitro initiation and proliferation using various plant growth regulator combinations. We also assess the impact of subculture on regrowth rates after cryopreservation. The shoot tips were successfully initiated in vitro after sterilization. The shoots were multiplied an average of three times in media containing N6-benzyladenine and kinetin. The regrowth rates of non-cryopreserved shoot tips excised from different subculture cycles did not differ significantly, with rates of 44% observed for plants from more than five subcultures and 47% for those from three subcultures. However, only the shoot tips excised from cultures subjected to three subculture cycles were able to recover after cryopreservation, with a regrowth rate of 31%. Our findings lay the groundwork for the development of an efficient cryopreservation protocol for freesias in the future.
A Review of Recent Improvements in Novel Liquid Scintillator Materials
Authors: Ren Jie , Wang Peng , Gu Aotian , Gong Chunhui , Chen Kaiwei , Mao Ping , Jiao Yan , Chen Kai , Yang Yi
Published: June 2024

Liquid scintillator detectors have great advantages in the field of radionuclide detection because of their low detection limit, high sensitivity, and diverse functions. However, the material properties of liquid scintillators directly determine their detection effectiveness, which leads to their poor vertex resolution and particle identification. In this work, we introduce the improvement methods, choices, and properties of different novel liquid scintillator materials in recent years. This article is expected to provide references for the development and research of liquid scintillator materials in various application fields.
Robotic Animal Use among Older Adults Enrolled in Palliative or Hospice Care: A Scoping Review and Framework for Future Research
Authors: Miles Allyson , Fields Noelle L. , Bennett Michael , Xu Ling , Magruder Karen , Stringfellow Mary Kris , Sesay Benjamin J. , Handique Swasati
Published: June 2024

As the population of older adults increases, there is an anticipated rise in the utilization of hospice and palliative care. Many significant advancements in technology have been used to address the unique needs of this demographic; however, an unexplored area of research is the use of robotic animals as part of end-of-life care. The purpose of this scoping review was to examine the state of the literature on robotic animal use among older adults enrolled in palliative or hospice care and to offer a framework for future research. Following a guide for scoping reviews, we identified relevant studies and then charted, collated, summarized, and reported the data. Two articles were selected for final review. The results found that decreased medication use, behavior change, and emotional benefits were potential outcomes of robotic animal use in hospice and palliative care. Perceptions of the robot and ethical considerations were also discussed. Overall, the study findings point toward the potential uses of robotic animals as part of end-of-life care, however, more empirical research is critically needed.
Cosmo ArduSiPM: An All-in-One Scintillation-Based Particle Detector for Earth and Space Application
Authors: Bocci Valerio , Ali Babar , Chiodi Giacomo , Kubler Dario , Iacoangeli Francesco , Masi Lorenza , Recchia Luigi
Published: June 2024

Thanks to advancements in silicon photomultiplier sensors (SiPMs) and system-on-chip (SoC) technology, our INFN Roma1 group developed ArduSiPM in 2012, the first all-in-one scintillator particle detector in the literature. It used a custom Arduino Due shield to process fast signals, utilizing the Microchip Sam3X8E SoC’s internal peripherals to control and acquire SiPM signals. The availability of radiation-tolerant SoCs, combined with the goal of reducing system space and weight, led to the development of an innovative second-generation board, a better-performing device called Cosmo ArduSiPM, suitable for space missions. The architecture of the new detector is based on the Microchip SAMV71 300 MHz, 32-bit ARM® Cortex®-M7 (Microchip Technology Inc., Chandler, AZ, USA). While the analog front-end is essentially identical to the ArduSiPM, it utilizes components with the smallest possible package. The board fits in a CubeSat module. Thanks to the compact design, the board has two independent channels, with a total weight of only 40 grams within a CubeSat form factor. The ArduSiPM architecture is based on a single microcontroller and fast discrete analog electronics. It benefits from the continued development of SoCs related to the IoT (Internet of Things) market. Compared with a system with a custom ASIC, this architecture based on software and SoC capabilities offers considerable advantages in terms of cost and development time. The ability to incorporate new commercial SoCs, continuously emerging from advancements in the aerospace and automotive industries, provides the system with a robust foundation for sustained growth over the years. A detailed characterization of the hardware and the system’s response to different photon fluxes is presented in this article. Additionally, coupling the device with a scintillator was tested at the end of this article as a preliminary trial for future measurements, showing potential for further enhancement of the detector’s capabilities.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Processing and Classifying Unsegmented Phonocardiographic Signals: An Efficient Edge Computing Solution Suitable for Wearable Devices
Authors: De Fazio Roberto , Spongano Lorenzo , De Vittorio Massimo , Patrono Luigi , Visconti Paolo
Published: June 2024

The phonocardiogram (PCG) can be used as an affordable way to monitor heart conditions. This study proposes the training and testing of several classifiers based on SVMs (support vector machines), k-NN (k-Nearest Neighbor), and NNs (neural networks) to perform binary (“Normal”/”Pathologic”) and multiclass (“Normal”, “CAD” (coronary artery disease), “MVP” (mitral valve prolapse), and “Benign” (benign murmurs)) classification of PCG signals, without heart sound segmentation algorithms. Two datasets of 482 and 826 PCG signals from the Physionet/CinC 2016 dataset are used to train the binary and multiclass classifiers, respectively. Each PCG signal is pre-processed, with spike removal, denoising, filtering, and normalization; afterward, it is divided into 5 s frames with a 1 s shift. Subsequently, a feature set is extracted from each frame to train and test the binary and multiclass classifiers. Concerning the binary classification, the trained classifiers yielded accuracies ranging from 92.4 to 98.7% on the test set, with memory occupations from 92.7 kB to 11.1 MB. Regarding the multiclass classification, the trained classifiers achieved accuracies spanning from 95.3 to 98.6% on the test set, occupying a memory portion from 233 kB to 14.1 MB. The NNs trained and tested in this work offer the best trade-off between performance and memory occupation, whereas the trained k-NN models obtained the best performance at the cost of large memory occupation (up to 14.1 MB). The classifiers’ performance slightly depends on the signal quality, since a denoising step is performed during pre-processing. To this end, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was acquired before and after the denoising, indicating an improvement between 15 and 30 dB. The trained and tested models occupy relatively little memory, enabling their implementation in resource-limited systems.
Delay Compensation in a Feeder–Conveyor System Using the Smith Predictor: A Case Study in an Iron Ore Processing Plant
Authors: Moraes Tiago A. , da Silva Moisés T. , Euzébio Thiago A. M.
Published: June 2024

Conveyor belts serve as the primary mode of ore transportation in mineral processing plants. Feeders, comprised of shorter conveyors, regulate the material flow from silos to longer conveyor belts by adjusting their velocity. This velocity manipulation is facilitated by automatic controllers that gauge the material weight on the conveyor using scales. However, due to positioning constraints of these scales, a notable delay ensues between measurement and the adjustment of the feeder speed. This dead time poses a significant challenge in control design, aiming to prevent oscillations in material levels on the conveyor belt. This paper contributes in two key areas: firstly, through a simulation-based comparison of various control techniques addressing this issue across diverse scenarios; secondly, by implementing the Smith predictor solution in an operational plant and contrasting its performance with that of a single PID controller. Evaluation spans both the transient flow rate during step change setpoints and a month-long assessment. The experimental results reveal a notable increase in production by 355 t/h and a substantial reduction in flow rate oscillations on the conveyor belt, evidenced by a 55% decrease in the standard deviation.
Artificial Intelligence’s Opportunities and Challenges in Engineering Curricular Design: A Combined Review and Focus Group Study
Authors: Mosly Ibrahim
Published: June 2024

This study explores the opportunities and challenges of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into engineering education. Through a review of the literature and a qualitative focus group study, an assessment was made for the role of AI in personalizing learning, enhancing simulation engagement, providing real-time feedback, and preparing students for AI-integrated workplaces. The study emphasizes how AI may significantly improve educational experiences by making them more dynamic, interactive, and successful. It also draws attention to important issues, such as moral questions, algorithmic biases in AI, infrastructure constraints, the need for AI literacy training for educators, and a range of student perspectives on AI engineering education. The results support a systematic approach to AI integration, highlighting the necessity of cooperative efforts by educators, legislators, curriculum designers, and technologists in order to overcome these obstacles. The study makes the case that AI can transform engineering education by negotiating these challenges and providing students with the information and skills needed for the digital future, all the while assuring fair and moral access to technology-enhanced learning.
Unveiling the Relationship between Flextime and Job Performance: The Role of Family–Work Conflict and the Ability to Cope in a Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Zappalà Salvatore , Toscano Ferdinando , Bharti Dharan , Pietrantoni Luca
Published: June 2024

Grounded in the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, this study explored the contribution of flexible work arrangements within the increasing digitalization of workplaces. In particular, with a specific focus on what happened when employees teleworked, it examined whether flextime perceptions, accounting for employees’ perception of control over their working hours, were related to job performance and if family–work conflict mediated this relationship. Additionally, the study investigated if the ability to cope with work tasks moderated the relationships between flextime and both family–work conflict and job performance. The study was conducted in an Italian research institute involving 598 respondents engaged in hybrid work with over two years of remote working experience. The SPSS Process macro was used, and findings showed a positive direct association between flextime and job performance. Intriguingly, no indirect effect of flextime on job performance through family–work conflict was observed. However, the introduction of the ability to cope in the model generated a significant mediation at specific levels of the moderator. The study highlighted the moderating role of the ability to cope in the relationships between flextime and family–work conflict on one side and job performance on the other. This research provides insights into the complexities of hybrid work and discusses the advantages of flextime and the intricate interplay it has with family–work conflict and job performance. The study concludes with theoretical and practical implications, offering guidance for both researchers and practitioners navigating the multifaceted realm of flexible work arrangements.
Research on the Impact of Inter-Industry Innovation Networks on Collaborative Innovation Performance: A Case Study of Strategic Emerging Industries
Authors: Shi Jianbang , Xiao Zhenhong
Published: June 2024

As global economic competition intensifies, collaborative innovation in strategic emerging industries has become a key factor in promoting economic growth and business development, attracting widespread attention. To delve into the mechanisms of collaborative innovation among China’s strategic emerging industries, this study employs a social network analysis. It investigates the characteristics of these industries by analyzing 8,775,496 invention patents, exploring the impact of inter-industry innovation networks on collaborative innovation. Furthermore, this study incorporates industry knowledge acquisition as a mediating variable and the network density within individual industries as a moderating variable, to more comprehensively explain this impact mechanism. We find that relational and structural embeddings within inter-industry innovation networks significantly positively affect collaborative innovation performance, highlighting the importance of partnerships and the critical role of network configurations. Additionally, the breadth and depth of knowledge acquisition mediate the relationship between relational embedding in inter-industry innovation networks and collaborative innovation performance, emphasizing the pivotal role of knowledge acquisition in fostering collaborative innovation. Lastly, the network density within individual industries positively moderates the relationships between both relational and structural embedding in inter-industry innovation networks and collaborative innovation performance, revealing specific impacts of both internal and external industry innovation network characteristics on collaborative innovation. These findings not only provide practical guidance for collaborative innovation across industries but also offer new insights and implications for policy-making and academic research. In future industrial development, special emphasis should be placed on establishing and maintaining partnerships, optimizing inter-industry innovation networks, and enhancing the breadth and depth of knowledge acquisition to foster sustainable development of collaborative innovation. This is crucial for enhancing corporate competitiveness, creating more job opportunities, and driving innovative economic development.
Understanding COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance among Healthcare Workers in Indonesia: Lessons from Multi-Site Survey
Authors: Khatiwada Madan , Nugraha Ryan Rachmad , Dochez Carine , Harapan Harapan , Mutyara Kuswandewi , Rahayuwati Laili , Syukri Maimun , Wardoyo Eustachius Hagni , Suryani Dewi , Que Bertha J. , Kartasasmita Cissy
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic presented an unprecedented challenge to public health as well as an extraordinary burden on health systems worldwide. COVID-19 vaccines were attributed as a key tool to control the pandemic, with healthcare workers (HCWs) as a priority group to receive the vaccine. Healthcare workers are considered one of the most trusted sources of information on vaccines and vaccination. This study was conducted to evaluate the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine among HCWs in four different provinces of Indonesia. An anonymous cross-sectional study was conducted online among HCWs between December 2020 and February 2021. Out of 2732 participants, 80.39% stated that they would accept the COVID-19 vaccine, while 19.61% were hesitant to receive the vaccine. Concerns about the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines and potential side-effects after vaccination were the main reasons among the participants to refuse the vaccine. Male gender, single status, higher education level, and higher risk perception increased the acceptability of the COVID-19 vaccine. Other motivators of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance include a high level of trust in the government and increased confidence in vaccine safety and efficacy studies. Dissemination of information in a timely manner as well as training programs for HCWs are crucial to increasing confidence in the COVID-19 vaccination program.
Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine for Preventing COVID-19-Related Hospitalizations: A Test-Negative Case–Control Study
Authors: Keane Amy , Tippett Ashley , Taylor Elizabeth Grace , Reese Olivia , Salazar Luis , De Castro Khalel , Choi Chris , Ciric Caroline , Taylor Meg , Mitchell Anna , Gibson Theda , Puzniak Laura , Hubler Robin , Valluri Srinivas Rao , Wiemken Timothy L. , Lopman Ben A. , Kamidani Satoshi , Anderson Larry J. , McLaughlin John M. , Rostad Christina A. , Anderson Evan J.
Published: June 2024

It is important to understand real-world BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE), especially among racial and ethnic minority groups. We performed a test-negative case-control study to measure BNT162b2 COVID-19 VE in the prevention of COVID-19-associated acute respiratory illness (ARI) hospitalizations at two Atlanta hospitals from May 2021–January 2023 and adjusted for potential confounders by multivariate analysis. Among 5139 eligible adults with ARI, 2763 (53.8%) were enrolled, and 1571 (64.5%) were included in the BNT162b2 analysis. The median age was 58 years (IQR, 44–68), 889 (56.6%) were female, 1034 (65.8%) were African American, 359 (22.9%) were White, 56 (3.6%) were Hispanic ethnicity, 645 (41.1%) were SARS-CoV-2-positive, 412 (26.2%) were vaccinated with a primary series, and 273 (17.4%) had received ≥1 booster of BNT162b2. The overall adjusted VE of the BNT162b2 primary series was 58.5% (95% CI 46.0, 68.1), while the adjusted VE of ≥1 booster was 78.9% (95% CI 70.0, 85.1). The adjusted overall VE of primary series for African American/Black individuals was 64.0% (95% CI 49.9, 74.1) and 82.7% (95% CI 71.9, 89.4) in those who received ≥1 booster. When analysis was limited to the period of Omicron predominance, overall VE of the primary series decreased with widened confidence intervals (24.5%, 95% CI −4.5, 45.4%), while VE of ≥1 booster was maintained at 60.9% (95% CI 42.0, 73.6). BNT162b2 primary series and booster vaccination provided protection against COVID-19-associated ARI hospitalization among a predominantly African American population.
mRNA Vaccine for Alzheimer’s Disease: Pilot Study
Authors: Hovakimyan Armine , Chilingaryan Garri , King Olga , Capocchi Joia Kai , Chadarevian Jean Paul , Davtyan Hayk , Kniazev Roman , Agadjanyan Michael G. , Ghochikyan Anahit
Published: June 2024

The escalating global healthcare challenge posed by Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) and compounded by the lack of effective treatments emphasizes the urgent need for innovative approaches to combat this devastating disease. Currently, passive and active immunotherapies remain the most promising strategy for AD. FDA-approved lecanemab significantly reduces Aβ aggregates from the brains of early AD patients administered biweekly with this humanized monoclonal antibody. Although the clinical benefits noted in these trials have been modest, researchers have emphasized the importance of preventive immunotherapy. Importantly, data from immunotherapy studies have shown that antibody concentrations in the periphery of vaccinated people should be sufficient for targeting Aβ in the CNS. To generate relatively high concentrations of antibodies in vaccinated people at risk of AD, we generated a universal vaccine platform, MultiTEP, and, based on it, developed a DNA vaccine, AV-1959D, targeting pathological Aβ, completed IND enabling studies, and initiated a Phase I clinical trial with early AD volunteers. Our current pilot study combined our advanced MultiTEP technology with a novel mRNA approach to develop an mRNA vaccine encapsulated in lipid-based nanoparticles (LNPs), AV-1959LR. Here, we report our initial findings on the immunogenicity of 1959LR in mice and non-human primates, comparing it with the immunogenicity of its DNA counterpart, AV-1959D.
Identifying Key Drivers of Efficient B Cell Responses: On the Role of T Help, Antigen-Organization, and Toll-like Receptor Stimulation for Generating a Neutralizing Anti-Dengue Virus Response
Authors: Sobczak Jan M. , Barkovska Irena , Balke Ina , Rothen Dominik A. , Mohsen Mona O. , Skrastina Dace , Ogrina Anete , Martina Byron , Jansons Juris , Bogans Janis , Vogel Monique , Bachmann Martin F. , Zeltins Andris
Published: June 2024

T help (Th), stimulation of toll-like receptors (pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs), and antigen organization and repetitiveness (pathogen-associated structural patterns, PASPs) were shown numerous times to be important in driving B-cell and antibody responses. In this study, we dissected the individual contributions of these parameters using newly developed “Immune-tag” technology. As model antigens, we used eGFP and the third domain of the dengue virus 1 envelope protein (DV1 EDIII), the major target of virus-neutralizing antibodies. The respective proteins were expressed alone or genetically fused to the N-terminal fragment of the cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) capsid protein—nCMV, rendering the antigens oligomeric. In a step-by-step manner, RNA was attached as a PAMP, and/or a universal Th-cell epitope was genetically added for additional Th. Finally, a PASP was added to the constructs by displaying the antigens highly organized and repetitively on the surface of CMV-derived virus-like particles (CuMV VLPs). Sera from immunized mice demonstrated that each component contributed stepwise to the immunogenicity of both proteins. All components combined in the CuMV VLP platform induced by far the highest antibody responses. In addition, the DV1 EDIII induced high levels of DENV-1-neutralizing antibodies only if displayed on VLPs. Thus, combining multiple cues typically associated with viruses results in optimal antibody responses.
Eyes on Memory: Pupillometry in Encoding and Retrieval
Authors: Kafkas Alex
Published: June 2024

This review critically examines the contributions of pupillometry to memory research, primarily focusing on its enhancement of our understanding of memory encoding and retrieval mechanisms mainly investigated with the recognition memory paradigm. The evidence supports a close link between pupil response and memory formation, notably influenced by the type of novelty detected. This proposal reconciles inconsistencies in the literature regarding pupil response patterns that may predict successful memory formation, and highlights important implications for encoding mechanisms. The review also discusses the pupil old/new effect and its significance in the context of recollection and in reflecting brain signals related to familiarity or novelty detection. Additionally, the capacity of pupil response to serve as a true memory signal and to distinguish between true and false memories is evaluated. The evidence provides insights into the nature of false memories and offers a novel understanding of the cognitive mechanisms involved in memory distortions. When integrated with rigorous experimental design, pupillometry can significantly refine theoretical models of memory encoding and retrieval. Furthermore, combining pupillometry with neuroimaging and pharmacological interventions is identified as a promising direction for future research.
FORMATION OF READINESS OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS OF PRESCHOOL EDUCATION FOR PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND SELF-IMPROVEMENT: ACMEOLOGICAL APPROACH
Authors: Fazan V. , Manzheliy N. , Fazan T.
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to one of the topical topics of our time – the formation of readiness of future specialists in preschool education for professional development and self-improvement in the context of the acmeological approach. An analytical review and analysis of psychological and pedagogical research on this problem is carried out. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the ability to continuous professional development and self-improvement is one of the main tasks in the professional training of students majoring in 012 Preschool Education. The methods, forms, and means of professional development and self-improvement of future educators are defined. The main functions performed by the process of development and self-improvement of the professional activity of the future specialist of preschool education are presented. A theoretical substantiation of the potential of the acmeological approach in the process of forming the readiness of future specialists in preschool education for professional development and self-improvement is carried out.
FORMS OF EDUCATIONAL PROCESS ORGANIZATION IN PRESCHOOL EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CRISIS IN UKRAINE
Authors: Kosenchuk O.
Published: June 2024

The review article identifies and characterizes the current state and peculiarities of the organization of the educational process in preschool educational institutions in the context of the crisis in Ukraine. The normative documents regulating the specifics of preschool education institutions are analyzed. The challenges in organizing the educational process in various forms are substantiated. The features of implementing various forms of preschool education under the legal regime of martial law are characterized. The issues of organizing the educational process in preschool education institutions in the new realities are analyzed in detail, the lack of systematic research and the novelty of the problem of the mixed form of organization of preschool education in the context of the crisis in Ukraine are established.
The author identifies barriers to the organization of educational activities in the context of the crisis in Ukraine. The author presents statistical data from the operational information of the departments of education of the regional military administrations as of February 15, 2024, on the organization of the educational process in preschool education institutions in various forms of education, the number of children covered by preschool education and the human resources of teachers.
It is noted that an important place in the new realities should be occupied by rethinking the system of methodological work. The formation of teachers' reflective skills, training of a teacher-facilitator who ensures successful communication between all participants in the educational process, helps parents and guides their actions, enabling them to act independently and supporting their desire for self-realization, self-improvement, and self-development should come to the fore. This is one of the main challenges of organizing the educational process during martial law. The organization of the educational process cannot have a rigid construct of planning and organization and must be replaced by a flexible response to the "live" situation, taking into account the real needs and interests of children, which is now a necessity.
In the article, the author notes that teaching teams should act more independently and responsibly, realizing all the risks in the specific conditions in which they have to work, meaningfully assessing their potential and resources to preserve the life and health of all participants in the educational process and implement the State Standard. Partnering with parents is one of the most important conditions for organizing the educational process in the context of the crisis in Ukraine.