bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Statistical methods for multivariate meta-analysis of diagnostic tests: An overview and tutorial
Authors: Ma Xiaoye , Nie Lei , Cole Stephen R , Chu Haitao
Published: June 2013

In this article, we present an overview and tutorial of statistical methods for meta-analysis of diagnostic tests under two scenarios: (1) when the reference test can be considered a gold standard and (2) when the reference test cannot be considered a gold standard. In the first scenario, we first review the conventional summary receiver operating characteristics approach and a bivariate approach using linear mixed models. Both approaches require direct calculations of study-specific sensitivities and specificities. We next discuss the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics curve approach for jointly modeling positivity criteria and accuracy parameters, and the bivariate generalized linear mixed models for jointly modeling sensitivities and specificities. We further discuss the trivariate generalized linear mixed models for jointly modeling prevalence, sensitivities and specificities, which allows us to assess the correlations among the three parameters. These approaches are based on the exact binomial distribution and thus do not require an ad hoc continuity correction. Lastly, we discuss a latent class random effects model for meta-analysis of diagnostic tests when the reference test itself is imperfect for the second scenario. A number of case studies with detailed annotated SAS code in MIXED and NLMIXED procedures are presented to facilitate the implementation of these approaches.
Trade Dynamics in the East Asian Miracle: A Time Series Analysis of US–East Asia Commodity Trade, 1962–1992
Authors: Carolan Terrie , Mora Jesse , Singh Nirvikar
Published: June 2013

This article examines the composition of bilateral trade between the United States and eight Asian Pacific economies from 1962 to 1992. Two complementary time series analyses of individual commodities at the SITC four-digit level indicate that significant changes occurred in trade composition during this period. It uses a measure of normalized trade balances, developed by Gagnon and Rose (1995). For the eight bilateral trade relationships, commodities representing 50 to 70 per cent of 1992 dollar trade have shown statistically significant changes in the magnitude and, in some cases, in the direction of normalized trade balances, over the 30-year period. Results support the conclusion that changes in trade patterns in both low-tech industries, such as textiles and clothing and more high-tech industries, such as electronic parts and electronic goods, were important in the development of the East Asian economies.
Seeking asylum in Australia: immigration detention, human rights and mental health care
Authors: Newman Louise , Proctor Nicholas , Dudley Michael
Published: June 2013

Objective:

The article aims to discuss the impact of mandatory detention and human rights violations on the mental health of asylum seekers and the implications for psychiatrists and health professionals.

Conclusions:

Advocacy for human rights and engagement in social debate are core ethical and professional responsibilities. Clinicians need to maintain a focus on ethical obligations.
Therapy implications of child abuse in multi-risk families
Authors: Bor William , Stallman Helen , Collerson Elizabeth , Boyle Christopher , Swenson Cynthia Cupit , McDermott Brett , Lee Erica
Published: June 2013

Objectives:

Our aim is to critique Australian child maltreatment policy, outline abuse trends and provide data on family risk factors.

Method:

We identified policy gaps and reviewed family profiles within selective child maltreatment databases. Data sources included international and Australian literature, Queensland Department of Child Safety reports and a research clinical database.

Results:

Data reviewed suggest that a pattern of co-occurring complex multiple system family problems characterize substantiated abuse cases.

Conclusions:

The presence of multiple family problems suggests the need for a new treatment paradigm. Multisystemic Therapy for child physical abuse and neglect is an evidence-based intervention that matches the therapeutic needs of such families.
Paradigms lost and gained: has psychiatry in Australasia lost its voice?
Authors: Parker Gordon , Paterson Amelia
Published: June 2013

Objective:

The evolution of views about causes and management models in psychiatry is of keen interest to those who respect the field’s history. The objective of this study was to identify international paradigm shifts since 1950 in psychiatric theorising and management models.

Method:

Multiple methods were used, including citation analysis, qualitative judgments by highly cited researchers and obtaining the views of historians of psychiatry.

Results:

The quantitative citation analysis was of low yield, seemingly reflecting limitations intrinsic to such an approach, but it did identify some ‘signals’ to broader domain shifts, such as the progressive loss of salience of psychoanalysis and a contrasting emphasis on a science-weighted model. Also, the highly cited researchers tend to nominate narrow exemplars. Nominations by the historians were more panoramic and, while capturing the domains identified by the two other strategies, went further in proposing a wide set of additional candidates for consideration.

Conclusion:

Of the three strategies employed, the qualitative approach (canvassing the views of historians and of highly cited authors) captured the paradigm changes, or at least theoretical or research trends, more accurately than the quantitative citation analysis. Changes in Australasian psychiatry would appear to generally mirror such international changes, rather than evidence a distinctive voice.
Predicting Turnover
Authors: Auerbach Charles , Schudrich Wendy Zeitlin , Lawrence Catherine K. , Claiborne Nancy , McGowan Brenda G.
Published: June 2013

A number of proxies have been used in child welfare workforce research to represent actual turnover; however, there have been no psychometric studies to validate a scale specifically designed for this purpose. The Intent to Leave Child Welfare Scale is a proxy for actual turnover that measures workers’ intention to leave. This scale was validated in the current study by a CFA. The resulting factors were compared to actual turnover. Nearly two in three workers who indicated that they had considered looking for a job in the past year actually left their agencies (60.0%). A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to determine the validity of the Intent to Leave Child Welfare Scale. The best fitting model consisted of three factors with acceptable fit statistics ( X2 = 28.6, p = 0.04; RMSEA = 0.05, 90% RMSEA CI = 0.01-0.08; CFI = 0.99; TLI = 0.98). Identified latent factors included “thinking,” which included observed variables related to workers thinking about leaving their current jobs; “looking,” which included observed variables related to workers searching for a new job; and “acting,” which included observed variables related to workers actually taking physical steps to seek a new job. Once a good fitting model was identified, binary logistic regression was conducted to determine odds ratios to predict who actually left their agencies. Each of the identified latent factors was significantly predictive of actual leaving (thinking: OR = 1.24, p = 0.00; looking: OR = 1.25, p = 0.00; acting: OR = 1.28, p = 0.01).
Of Love and Hate
Authors: Romero Vidal
Published: June 2013

Presidents should prefer to be positively remembered in history for improving their country’s conditions, rather than to be hated for generations. Few, however, succeed. Why? The inquiry goes beyond historic accounts or mere intellectual curiosity; it is a key part of understanding presidential decision making. We answer this question using data from an expert survey on the Mexican Presidency, the first of its kind for Mexico. Problem-solving capacities and presidents’ ability to change the existing institutions are the main determinants of success. Corruption is barely punished by experts. Negative remembrance in history is associated to authoritarianism and economic crises.
Applications of the Medial Femoral Condyle Free Flap for Foot and Ankle Reconstruction
Authors: Haddock Nicholas T. , Alosh Hassan , Easley Mark E. , Levin L. Scott , Wapner Keith L.
Published: June 2013

Background:

Avascular necrosis (AVN) or persistent nonunion occurs in situations of poor vascular supply. Some specific situations that plague the foot and ankle surgeon are talus nonunion, talus AVN, navicular AVN, and failed ankle arthrodesis with bone loss. The medial femoral condyle (MFC) flap has emerged as a popular source of vascularized corticocancelous bone. We present a series of cases demonstrating the versatility of the MFC flap in complex foot and ankle pathology.

Methods:

A retrospective review was completed of all MFC flaps used in the foot and ankle over the past 5 years. Five patients were identified (average age 48). Surgical indications included talar AVN and ankle arthritis, talar nonunion, and navicular AVN. All patients had undergone conventional bone grafting techniques, which failed, prior to being treated with a MFC free flap; this series of patients did not possess significant medical comorbidities. Fixation techniques included compression screw fixation, plate osteosynthesis, or fine wire external fixation. The average follow-up was 20 months (range 8 to 40 months).

Results:

There was a 100% flap success rate with no returns to the operating room for thrombosis. The volume of the bone flaps was 5.6 cm3 (range 1 cm3 to 12 cm3). The average follow-up time was 20 months (range 8 to 40 months). All cases resulted in union, and full weight bearing status was achieved at a mean of 23.8 weeks (range 10 to 52 weeks) postoperatively.

Conclusions:

Vascularized bone transfer in the form of the MFC free flap was a valuable method for foot and ankle reconstruction. The MFC flap provided an alternative for those defects that were smaller then 3 cm in length. In our experience, for small bone defects requiring vascularized bone, the MFC flap is currently the ideal donor location supplanting the iliac crest.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series.
Thrombin Generation Mediators and Markers in Sepsis-Associated Coagulopathy and Their Modulation by Recombinant Thrombomodulin
Authors: Hoppensteadt Debra , Tsuruta Kazuhisa , Cunanan Josephine , Hirman Joe , Kaul Inder , Osawa Yutaka , Fareed Jawed
Published: June 2013

Severe sepsis remains the most common cause of death in critically ill patients, and thrombin plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). The purpose of this study was to profile prothrombin fragment (F1.2), thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT), and d-dimer (DD) throughout the course of hospital stay in patients identified with sepsis. Plasma samples from patients enrolled in the ART-123 study, a phase 2b, international, multicenter, randomized placebo-controlled trial were analyzed for various parameters using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Plasma levels of F1.2, DD, and TAT were measured at several time points following administration of recombinant thrombomodulin or placebo, and the results were tabulated. In the group treated with thrombomodulin, the median F1.2 levels demonstrated a 16% decrease from the baseline to day 7, while the placebo group showed an 8% increase. Both the treatment groups showed a gradual decrease in the TAT and DD, with the group treated with thrombomodulin demonstrating twice the decrease over the 7-day period. Although the data were widely scattered, these results show that DIC represents a hypercoagulable state along with other hemostatic abnormalities and the activation of the inflammatory process. Modulation of these activation processes through targets such as DD, F1.2, and TAT may play an important regulatory role in the pathogenesis of sepsis-associated coagulopathy. Moreover, this study validates the hypothesis that thrombomodulin downregulates the thrombin generation mediators/markers in sepsis-associated DIC.
Free vibration of tapered beams and plates based on unified beam theory
Authors: Ibrahim Syed Muhammad , Alsayed Saleh H , Abbas Husain , Carrera Erasmo , Al-Salloum Yousef A , Almusallam Tarek H
Published: June 2013

In this paper, accurate frequency solutions of tapered vibrating beams and plates using a simple and efficient displacement based unified beam theory in lieu of computationally expensive and rather complex two-dimensional plate theories are presented. The results are given in the form of Euler-Bernoulli/Timoshenko to quasi three-dimensional (3D) solutions. Lower frequency bending and axial modes, as well as torsional and biaxial bending modes corresponding to higher frequency values, are predicted which are in very good agreement with 3D finite element results as well as the published literature. The effects of different parameters like taper ratio, thickness and beam/plate-aspect ratios on the vibration frequencies of tapered structures are studied. It can be seen that due to taper, bending vibration modes become asymmetric along the longitudinal axis of the structure. Further, it can also be noticed that the vibration behavior of thicker beams and plates is characterized by the appearance of a significant number of axial modes at lower frequency values as compared to that of relatively thinner beams/plates.
Free vibration analysis of a functionally graded viscoelastic supported beam
Authors: Demir Cihan , Oz Fatih E
Published: June 2013

In this study, the resonance frequency behavior of a functionally graded beam under viscoelastic boundary conditions is investigated. Nondimensional frequency parameters of the beam are analyzed using the finite element method. The system of equations of motion is derived by using Lagrange's equations under the assumption of Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. The material properties of the beam are assumed to vary through thickness according to the power-law distribution. Different boundary conditions are attained by applying various stiffness and damping coefficients to viscoelastic support elements. The model is validated by comparing the results with a previous study. The effects of various material distribution and boundary conditions are discussed in detail.
On fractional models for human motion tracking
Authors: Romanovas Michailas , Traechtler Martin , Klingbeil Lasse , Manoli Yiannos
Published: June 2013

In this work we present the construction and evaluation of recursive Bayesian estimation algorithms for human motion tracking using fractional order models. The presented schemes include both fixed fractional order as well as variable order models with implicit and explicit model order estimation schemes. The performance of the designed techniques is compared to a set of conventional integral order methods using several measurements of human hand and head motions.
Development of an active deflector system for sunroof buffeting noise control
Authors: Kook Hyung-Seok , Shin Seong-Ryong , Cho Jungsik , Ih Kang-Duck
Published: June 2013

Sunroof buffeting noise is annoying to drivers and passengers. The conventional method for suppressing sunroof buffeting noise is to use passive deflectors. A recent trend has been large sunroof openings, such as panoramic sunroofs, in accordance with customer preferences for a feeling of openness. Since sunroof buffeting noise tends to become louder as the sunroof opening area becomes larger, a conventional passive deflector may not be a solution in this case, and a new effective method for reducing the sunroof buffeting noise is required. Previous work showed that a strong, self-sustained tonal noise, generated from a Helmholtz resonator exposed to a grazing flow, could be significantly reduced by closed-loop control of an active deflector installed near the upstream edge of the resonator opening. The active deflector system is a cascade of a microphone sensor mounted inside the cavity, controller, power amplifier, and deflector mechanism vibrated by a voice coil actuator. Since the acoustic pressure inside the cavity is influenced by the shear layer modified by the active deflector, the active deflector and acoustic response of the cavity form a closed-loop control system. The main objective of the present study is to implement this technology on a real vehicle and evaluate whether the technology can be utilized to suppress sunroof buffeting noise. A simple active deflector system was assembled and installed in a compact-sized hatchback car with a sunroof opening length of 460 mm. The active deflector system was tested both in a wind tunnel and on a proving ground. The test results showed that the active deflector reduced the sunroof buffeting noise by as much as 25 dB. The active deflector was shown to be stable and robust regardless of changes in the wind speed and wind yaw angle.
Zero crossing and coupled hidden Markov model for a rolling bearing performance degradation assessment
Authors: Liu Tao , Chen Jin , Dong Guangming
Published: June 2013

The bearing is the key component in a rotating machine. It is important to assess the performance degradation of bearings for realizing proactive maintenance and near-zero downtime. In this paper, a methodology based on the zero crossing characteristic features and a coupled hidden Markov model is introduced for estimating bearing performance degradation. Zero crossing features are time domain representations of the vibration signature in the spectrum domain. They discover the change of bearing performance. When zero crossing features are extracted, a coupled hidden Markov model is employed to assess the performance degradation quantitatively. Results from a bearing accelerated life experiment validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Grade 3 trastuzumab-induced neutropenia in breast cancer patient
Authors: Ghani Ehab A , Kerr Ian , Dada Reyad
Published: June 2013

Trastuzumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, is widely considered the most important development in the treatment of breast cancer since tamoxifen. Previous studies have found trastuzumab reduces the risk of relapse in breast cancer patients significantly when given in the adjuvant setting. As a targeted therapy, it has lesser side effects in comparison with conventional chemotherapy. However, the administration of this agent can cause serious side effects. We report on a 45-year-old woman with breast cancer, positive for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 by immunohistochemistry score 3+, who was treated in an adjuvant setting with trastuzumab and developed severe neutropenia. Twenty seven weeks after initiation of trastuzumab, the patient developed fever, neutropenia (grade 3), and oral stomatitis (grade 4). The maintenance therapy was stopped for approximately 8 weeks. After recovery of the neutrophils, trastuzumab was restarted. Two weeks later, the patient developed the same pattern of toxicity. The situation necessitated the discontinuation of trastuzumab. Thereafter, the neutrophils normalized and the patient’s condition improved. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature describing severe neutropenia directly related to trastuzumab during the adjuvant maintenance therapy. Clinicians should be aware of this rare side effect of trastuzumab, as stopping this agent can prevent severe complications.
ABCD
Authors: Horzinek Marian C , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe
Published: June 2013

Overview: In this article, the ABCD guidelines published in the JFMS Special Issue of July 2009 (Volume 11, Issue 7, pages 527–620) are updated by including previously unavailable and novel information. For a better picture, the reader is advised to consult that issue before focusing on the novel features.
Coxiellosis/Q Fever in Cats
Authors: Egberink Herman , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview:

Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. Farm animals and pets are the main reservoirs of infection.

Infection:

Cats become infected by ingestion or inhalation of organisms from contaminated carcases of farm animals, or tick bites. Infection is common, as shown by several serological studies.

Clinical signs:

Experimentally, fever, anorexia and lethargy have been noted. In the field, infection usually remains subclinical. Abortion might occur. C burnetii has been isolated from the placenta of aborting cats, but also from cats experiencing normal parturition.

Diagnosis:

Infection with C burnetii can be diagnosed by isolation of the agent or serology.

Prevention:

Most important is the potential zoonotic risk. Cats suspected of having been exposed to C burnetii might shed organisms during parturition. Wearing gloves and a mask when attending parturient or aborting cats can minimise the risk of infection. Tick prevention is recommended.
Capnocytophaga Canimorsus Infection in Cats
Authors: Lloret Albert , Egberink Herman , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Frymus Tadeusz , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview:

Capnocytophaga canimorsus and Capnocytophaga cynodegmi are part of the normal bacterial flora of the oral cavity of dogs and cats. C canimorsus is more pathogenic and causes more severe infections in humans.

Infection:

Disease is less frequently seen after a cat bite, scratch or close contact than after dog contacts. Serious disease has been reported in people, especially associated with immunocompromise and alcoholism. Disease in cats is not well documented; two cases of respiratory infection have been associated with the presence of these bacteria.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis is based on culture in specific media, but these are slow growing bacteria; polymerase chain reaction and sequencing may aid in diagnosis and species identification.

Treatment:

Penicillin or beta-lactams are the treatment options of choice.

Zoonotic potential:

Based on incidence surveys, the zoonotic potential is low. The risk may be higher for immunocompromised persons, where dog and cat ownership must be discussed.
Mycobacterioses in Cats
Authors: Lloret Albert , Hartmann Katrin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Hosie Margaret J , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview:

Mycobacterial infections are important in humans and animals. Cats can be infected by several Mycobacterium species, which may cause different syndromes, mainly tuberculosis, atypical or non-tuberculous mycobacteriosis and leprosy. In recent years, awareness has increased about how to recognise and confirm these infections. More cases are diagnosed today, which probably means that the disease has escaped detection in the past.

Infection:

Most cases in cats are cutaneous, presenting as nodules in the skin and draining tracts, ulceration and local lymphadenopathy; however, systemic dissemination may also occur.

Diagnosis:

Definitive diagnosis is difficult when the bacterium cannot be detected by histology or culture. However, species confirmation is essential for treatment and prognosis, so material for culture and polymerase chain reaction should be submitted in every suspected case.

Treatment:

Treatment is challenging. A combination of two or three antibiotics is needed, and treatment must be continued for some months, which makes owner compliance especially difficult in cats.

Zoonotic risk:

There is a zoonotic risk associated with some mycobacterial species. Concerns should be communicated in every case of an immunocompromised owner in contact with an infected cat.
Dermatophytosis in Cats
Authors: Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview:

Dermatophytosis, usually caused by Microsporum canis, is the most common fungal infection in cats worldwide, and one of the most important infectious skin diseases in this species. Many adult cats are asymptomatic carriers. Severe clinical signs are seen mostly in kittens or immunosuppressed adults. Poor hygiene is a predisposing factor, and the disease may be endemic in shelters or catteries. Humans may be easily infected and develop a similar skin disease.

Infection:

Infectious arthrospores produced by dermatophytes may survive in the environment for about a year. They are transmitted through contact with sick cats or healthy carriers, but also on dust particles, brushes, clothes and other fomites.

Disease signs:

Circular alopecia, desquamation and sometimes an erythematous margin around central healing (‘ringworm’) are typical. In many cats this is a self-limiting disease with hair loss and scaling only. In immunosuppressed animals, the outcome may be a multifocal or generalised skin disease.

Diagnosis:

Wood’s lamp examination and microscopic detection of arthrospores on hairs are simple methods to confirm M canis infection, but their sensitivity is relatively low. The gold standard for detection is culture on Sabouraud agar of hairs and scales collected from new lesions.

Disease management:

In shelters and catteries eradication is difficult. Essential is a combination of systemic and topical treatments, maintained for several weeks. For systemic therapy itraconazole is the drug of choice, terbinafine an alternative. Recommended topical treatment is repeated body rinse with an enilconazole solution or miconazole with or without chlorhexidine. In catteries/shelters medication must be accompanied by intensive decontamination of the environment.

Vaccination:

Few efficacy studies on anti- M canis vaccines (prophylactic or therapeutic) for cats have been published, and a safe and efficient vaccine is not available.
Cryptococcosis in cats
Authors: Pennisi Maria Grazia , Hartmann Katrin , Lloret Albert , Ferrer Lluis , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview:

Cryptococcosis is worldwide the most common systemic fungal disease in cats; it is caused by the Cryptococcus neoformans– Cryptococcus gattii species complex, which includes eight genotypes and some subtypes (strains) with varying geographical distribution, pathogenicity and antimicrobial susceptibility. Cats acquire the infection from a contaminated environment. The prognosis is favourable in most cases, provided a diagnosis is obtained sufficiently early and prolonged treatment is maintained.

Infection:

Basidiospores are the infectious propagules of Cryptococcus species as they penetrate the respiratory system and induce primary infection. Asymptomatic colonisation of the respiratory tract is more common than clinical disease. Avian guanos, particularly pigeon droppings, offer favourable conditions for the reproduction of C neoformans. Both Cryptococcus species are associated with decaying vegetation.

Disease signs:

Cryptococcosis caused by C neoformans or C gattii is indistinguishable clinically. The disease can present in nasal, central nervous system (which can derive from the nasal form or occur independently), cutaneous and systemic forms.

Diagnosis:

An easy and reliable test for cryptococcosis diagnosis is antigen detection in body fluids. Only isolation and polymerase chain reaction allow identification of the species genotype.

Disease management:

Amphotericin B, ketoconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole have all been used to treat cats. Surgical excision of any nodules in the skin, nasal or oral mucosa assists recovery. Continued treatment is recommended until the antigen test is negative.

Prevention:

Efficient preventive measures have not been demonstrated. Vaccines are not available.
Rare opportunistic mycoses in cats: phaeohyphomycosis and hyalohyphomycosis
Authors: Lloret Albert , Hartmann Katrin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Ferrer Lluis , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Hosie Margaret J , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview:

Phaeohyphomycoses and hyalohyphomycoses are rare opportunistic infections acquired from the environment. More cases have been reported in recent years in humans and cats.

Disease signs:

Single or multiple nodules or ulcerated plaques (which may be pigmented) in the skin are the typical lesions. In some cases the infection disseminates or involves the central nervous system (CNS).

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis is based on fungal detection by cytology and/or histology. Culture provides definitive diagnosis and species identification.

Treatment:

Treatment involves surgical excision in cases of localised skin disease followed by systemic antifungal therapy, with itraconazole as the agent of first choice. Relapses after treatment are common. Itraconazole and other systemic antifungal agents have been used to treat systemic or neurological cases, but the response is unpredictable. The prognosis is guarded to poor in cats with multiple lesions and systemic or neurological involvement.

Zoonotic risk:

There is no zoonotic risk associated with contact with infected cats.
Giardiasis in cats
Authors: Gruffydd-Jones Tim , Addie Diane , Belák Sándor , Boucraut-Baralon Corine , Egberink Herman , Frymus Tadeusz , Hartmann Katrin , Hosie Margaret J , Lloret Albert , Lutz Hans , Marsilio Fulvio , Möstl Karin , Pennisi Maria Grazia , Radford Alan D , Thiry Etienne , Truyen Uwe , Horzinek Marian C
Published: June 2013

Overview:

Giardia is a protozoan parasite that infects the small intestine of cats and can cause diarrhoea. The biotypes that affect cats do not appear to infect humans. Infection is most common in young cats, particularly from multicat backgrounds.

Disease signs:

Infected cats that develop clinical signs show small intestinal diarrhoea and there may be associated weight loss.

Diagnosis:

Diagnosis of infection is usually based on an in-practice ELISA for faecal antigen or zinc sulphate flotation of several pooled faecal samples. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests are available but not used so widely. Infection can be detected in clinically healthy cats so interpretation of a positive result in cats with diarrhoea requires care.

Treatment:

Fenbendazole or metronidazole are regarded as the treatments of choice. Secondary gut changes may be slow to resolve and so diarrhoea may continue for some time after infection has been eliminated.
Interface fatigue crack propagation in sandwich X-joints – Part I: Experiments
Authors: Moslemian Ramin , Berggreen Christian
Published: June 2013

In this study, face/core fatigue crack growth in sandwich X-joints is investigated numerically and experimentally. The work presented here covers Part I of the study which includes an experimental investigation of fatigue crack growth in sandwich X-joints and characterization of the face/core interface of the joints. Sandwich tear test specimens with a face/core debond representing a debonded sandwich X-joint were tested under cyclic loading. Fatigue tests were conducted on the sandwich tear test specimens with H45, H100 and H250 PVC cores and glass/polyester face sheets. The Digital Image Correlation technique was used to locate the crack tip and monitor the crack growth. For the specimens with H45 core, unstable crack growth took place initially. Following the unstable propagation, the crack propagated in the core underneath the resin-rich cell layer approaching the interface. However, the crack did not kink into the interface. For the specimens with H100 core, the crack propagated initially in the core and then returned into the interface and continued to propagate in the interface. For the specimens with H250 core, the crack initially propagated in the core and then kinked into the interface. The interface crack eventually kinked into the face sheet, resulting in large-scale fiber bridging. Finally, mixed mode bending tests were conducted to measure crack growth rates of the face/core interface at mode-mixity phase angles similar to those calculated for the sandwich tear test specimens. The measured crack growth rates have been used in Part II of this study to simulate fatigue crack growth in the sandwich tear test specimens.
An innovative method for surface defects prevention in micro milling and its implementation perspectives
Authors: Wan Yi , Cheng Kai , Sun Shufeng
Published: June 2013

A novel method was presented to prevent surface defects, mainly burrs generation, in micro milling process. Burr formation mechanism was analysed in machining and it was found that negative shear plays a critical role in burr generation, especially near the workpiece boundaries. In order to eliminate its effect, low melting point alloy was selected to extend the boundary of the workpiece as auxiliary support. Therefore, burrs were formed on low melting point alloy, which were removed by melting it off afterward and the burrs-free component was thus achieved. Experiments were carried out on a micro milling machine and aluminum alloy was machined with micro end milling tools. The results revealed that most burrs were prevented and there was no contamination on the workpiece surface. The paper concluded with further discussions on the potential applications of the method.
Progression in disability and regional grey matter atrophy in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Hofstetter Louis , Naegelin Yvonne , Filli Lukas , Kuster Pascal , Traud Stefan , Smieskova Renata , Mueller-Lenke Nicole , Kappos Ludwig , Gass Achim , Sprenger Till , Penner Iris-Katharina , Nichols Thomas E , Vrenken Hugo , Barkhof Frederik , Polman Chris , Radue Ernst-Wilhelm , Borgwardt Stefan J , Bendfeldt Kerstin
Published: June 2013

Background:

In multiple sclerosis (MS) regional grey matter (GM) atrophy has been associated with disability progression.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to compare regional GM volume changes in relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients with progressive and stable disability, using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).

Methods:

We acquired baseline and 1-year follow-up 3-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of RRMS patients, using two 1.5-Tesla scanners. Patients were matched pair-wise with respect to age, gender, disease duration, medication, scanner and baseline Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) into 13 pairs, with either progressive EDSS (≥ 1 point change y-1) or stable EDSS, as well as into 29 pairs with either progressive Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC) at ≥ 0.25% decrease in y-1 in any component, or stable MSFC. We analysed longitudinal regional differences in GM volumes in the progressive and stable EDSS and MSFC groups, respectively, using VBM.

Results:

Significant GM volume reductions occurred in the right precuneus, in the progressive EDSS group. Differential between-group effects occurred in the right precuneus and in the postcentral gyrus. Further longitudinal GM volume reductions occurred in the right orbicular gyrus, in the progressive MSFC group, but no between-group differences were observed (non-stationary cluster-wise inference, all Pcorrected < 0.05).

Conclusion:

These results suggested a direct association of disability progression and regional GM atrophy in RRMS.
Neuropsychological rehabilitation does not improve cognitive performance but reduces perceived cognitive deficits in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomised, controlled, multi-centre trial
Authors: Mäntynen Anu , Rosti-Otajärvi Eija , Koivisto Keijo , Lilja Arja , Huhtala Heini , Hämäläinen Päivi
Published: June 2013

Background:

There is preliminary evidence on the positive effects of neuropsychological rehabilitation on cognition in multiple sclerosis (MS), but the generalisability of the findings is limited by methodological problems.

Objective:

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of strategy-oriented neuropsychological rehabilitation on MS.

Methods:

A total of 102 relapsing–remitting MS patients with subjective and objective attentional deficits were randomised into an intervention and a control group. Neuropsychological assessments were performed at baseline, at three months immediately after the intervention, and at six months. Patients in the intervention group received neuropsychological rehabilitation once a week in 60-minute sessions for 13 consecutive weeks. The control group received no intervention.

Results:

Neuropsychological rehabilitation including computer-based attention and working memory retraining, psychoeducation, strategy learning and psychological support did not improve cognitive performance but had a positive effect on perceived cognitive deficits. The intervention group perceived significantly fewer deficits than the control group both immediately after the intervention and at six months. The personal rehabilitation goals were also well achieved.

Conclusions:

Strategy-oriented neuropsychological rehabilitation did not improve cognitive performance but reduced perceived cognitive deficits in MS.
Chaos control in attitude dynamics of a gyrostat satellite based on linearised Poincare' map estimation by support vector machine
Authors: Abtahi Seyed M , Sadati Seyed H
Published: June 2013

Chaos control of an apparent-type gyrostat satellite (GS) is investigated in this work. The GS under study consists of a main platform along with the three reaction wheels. The mathematical model of the GS is first derived using the quaternion-based kinematic and Euler-based kinetic equations of motion under the gravity gradient perturbation. Chaotic dynamics of the open-loop system without a feedback is then analyzed by the use of the numerical simulation in the phase portrait trajectories, Poincare' section, and time series responses. The existence of chaos is also demonstrated using the Lyapunov exponent criterion. In order to suppress chaos in the GS, a quaternion feedback controller is designed by the modification of Ott–Grebogi–Yorke (OGY) algorithm based on the linearisation of Poincare' map. In the controller strategy, the Poincare' map is estimated by the least square-support vector machine technique. Then, the discrete-time proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is applied on the linearised Poincare' map. The discrete-time PID-OGY control system rejects the chaotic behaviours in the attitude orientation of GS with the generation of a small control input leading to a decrease in the control effort and energy consumption.
Nature worth seeing! The tourist gaze as a factor in shaping views on nature in Iceland
Authors: Karlsdóttir Unnur B
Published: June 2013

This article discusses the historical development of nature-based tourism in Iceland, in the light of the concept of the ‘tourist gaze’ and the romantic wilderness ideology, which has put a deep mark on modern views on nature and created a widespread demand for coming into touch with wild nature up to such an extent that a thriving sector of today’s tourist industry is built on it. Questions explored are what views on nature have shaped this story and what image of Icelandic nature has been highlighted in its marketing as a tourist attraction. Finally, the harsh conflict that has occurred between the different values of nature preservation and energy production is addressed and how nature-based tourism does, in the light of its values and interests, support the battle for the protection of natural landscape and wild ecosystems.
Experiencing nature in nature-based tourism
Authors: Lund Katrín A
Published: June 2013

This article aims to situate nature, not as an organised and mapped space but rather in the way in which it is lived and experienced. Given the fact that most tourists who come to Iceland claim the reason for their visit to be the natural landscapes of Iceland, tourism in Iceland has focused on so-called nature-based tourism. This is not new because eighteenth-century to early twentieth-century travellers and explorers were affected by the sublimity of the landscapes they encountered and, hence, have had their influences in shaping the meaning of the contemporary, institutional definitions of natural landscapes. These are definitions that leave out the lived experience and also deny nature its vitality and movement. As Tim Ingold has argued, nature as it is experienced is an animated being, and as such, one enters into the atmosphere of vibrant surroundings that one engages with. In order to situate nature, I travel to Snæfellsjökull National Park in Iceland.
What about the ‘place’ in place marketing?
Authors: Warnaby Gary , Medway Dominic
Published: June 2013

This article considers the concept of ‘place’ in the context of place marketing. Following a discussion of the disciplinary antecedents of place marketing/branding, the article evaluates the concept of the ‘place product’, with specific reference to the construction of place narratives. In particular, contrasts are drawn between notions of materiality and realm of meaning as devices for conceptualising places as products to be commodified and marketed. This is illustrated using as a case study, a place marketing initiative in the city of Manchester in the north west of England. The implications of this are analysed in terms of three questions, relating to (1) what is being marketed, (2) who is implementing the place marketing activity and (3) how places are represented as a consequence. The article concludes by arguing that the place product should be regarded as a dynamic concept, composed as much from changing and competing narratives in and over time, as it is from its tangible and material elements.
Thematising intercultural collaboration
Authors: Holmgreen Lise-Lotte , Askehave Inger
Published: June 2013

Taking a critical discursive approach (Potter and Wetherell, 1987; Wetherell and Potter, 1988, 1992) to analysing interview data, the article discusses the possible implications of top and middle managers’ constructions of intercultural collaboration for the day-to-day workings of a Danish–Ukrainian software company. Of particular interest is the extent to which divergent and contesting understandings may lead to positive synergies or conflict, and whether managers’ reflections may function as a means of justifying a particular mindset or course of action, provoking either contestation or acceptance within the organisation (e.g. Parker, 2000). Thus, the findings provide insight into the relation between discourse, that is, talk as (inter)action, and the development and enactment of organisational culture, contributing valuable and practice-oriented knowledge to the field of cross-cultural management. The data for the analysis are derived from 10 semi-structured interviews, which were conducted in the Danish headquarters and the Ukrainian division, respectively, securing a broad intraorganisational representation of voices.
Sometimes you have to go under water to come up: A poetic, critical realist approach to documenting the voices of homeless immigrant women
Authors: Hordyk Shawn Renee , Soltane Sonia Ben , Hanley Jill
Published: June 2013

Methodological debates concerning feminist research design tend to focus more on the process of data collection than on the process of data representation. Nevertheless, data representation is fraught with difficulties, especially in communicating research findings concerning vulnerable populations to diverse individuals and groups. How do feminist social work researchers represent the voice of the research participants to community and service organizations while simultaneously meeting the expectations of the academic or political institutions soliciting the research? In this article, we discuss how we approached this dilemma with data collected through a research study on immigrant women experiencing homelessness and housing insecurity. Guided by feminist methodological principles, we drew on the tenets of critical realist theory, integrating this analysis with poetic inquiry to reconstruct the women’s voices in the representations of research data. We discuss these modalities and provide two case examples to illustrate their application.
Quantitative Chemical Analysis of Surgical Smoke Generated During Laparoscopic Surgery With a Vessel-Sealing Device
Authors: Gianella Michele , Hahnloser Dieter , Rey Julien M. , Sigrist Markus W.
Published: June 2013

Background. Exposure to surgical smoke in the operation room has been a long-standing concern. Smoke generated by the interaction between lasers or electrocautery devices with biological tissue contains several toxic and carcinogenic substances, but only a few studies so far have provided quantitative data necessary for risk assessment. Methods. With laser and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, we investigated the chemical composition of smoke produced with a vessel-sealing device in an anoxic environment during laparoscopic surgery. Results. Harmless concentrations of methane (<34 ppm), ethane (<2 ppm), and ethylene (<10 ppm) were detected. Traces of carbon monoxide (<3.2 ppm) and of the anesthetic sevoflurane (<450 ppm) were also found. Conclusions. Gas leaking or gas being released from the pneumoperitoneum could therefore increase pollution by waste anesthetic gas in the operating room. Most toxic compounds found in earlier studies remained undetected. Adverse health effects for operating room personnel due to some of those substances (eg, toluene, styrene, xylene) can be excluded, assuming no significant losses or changes in the chemical composition of the samples occurred between our sampling and measurements.
A New Technique for Laparoscopic Splenectomy and Azygoportal Disconnection
Authors: Jiang Guoqing , Qian Jianjun , Yao Jie , Wang Xiaodong , Jin Shengjie , Bai Dousheng
Published: June 2013

Background. Laparoscopic splenectomy and azygoportal disconnection (LSD) using many different surgical techniques has become increasingly popular for treatment of cirrhotic patients with bleeding portal hypertension and secondary hypersplenism. Surgical procedures with the least possible impairment are consistently expected by both surgeons and patients. Here, we report a clinical cohort of 10 patients who underwent LSD with a new technique and present the advantages of less impairment during performance of this new technique. Methods. A cohort of 10 cirrhotic patients with bleeding portal hypertension and secondary hypersplenism treated with LSD were studied. During the procedure, an electromechanical morcellator allowed for easy extraction of the entire massive splenic tissue without a cumbersome intracorporeal bag, enlarged incision, or hand-assisted incision. Various perioperative data were recorded. Results. LSD was successful in all patients. There was no conversion to open operations or significant perioperative complications. The operative time was 288.0 ± 53.9 minutes, the spleen removal time was 39.3 ± 15.1 minutes, and blood loss was 240.0 ± 217.1 mL. Conclusions. This new technique involving the use of an electromechanical morcellator provides expedient recovery and minimal postoperative pain and scarring. LSD with this technique is a feasible, effective, and safe surgical procedure, and embodies all the benefits of minimally invasive surgery for cirrhotic patients with bleeding portal hypertension and hypersplenism.