bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smog –
architektoniczne metody przeciwdziałania
Authors: Chudzińska Agnieszka
Published: December 2021

Obecnie w Polsce rozpoczyna się coraz częstsze działania w zakresie ograniczenia skali zanieczyszczenia powietrza, szczególnie w dużych aglomeracjach miejskich. Temat jest bardzo szeroko rozważany w prasie podczas sezonu grzewczego. Podjęta praca jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak bardzo architektura i architekci mogą wpłynąć na walkę ze smogiem oraz jak dużą odpowiedzialność w tej kwestii mają.
Metody badań oparto na przeglądzie literatury w pracach naukowych polskich i zagranicznych badaczy oraz na źródłach internetowych. Zbiór informacji można skategoryzować na wiele sposobów. Zdecydowano się na podział na: redukcję u źródła, pośrednią i przeprowadzaną na końcu cyklu. Analiza metod przedstawia szeroką skalę czynności, które mogą podjąć architekci oraz urbaniści, jednak do każdego z tych działań potrzebne są zabiegi „odgórne” podjęte przez władze, dotyczące odpowiedniej legislacji, a także wspierania społeczeństwa w dążeniu do ekologicznych rozwiązań zarówno finansowo, jak i edukacyjnie. Odpowiednie starania prowadzą do utrudniania złych praktyk oraz ułatwiania dobrych.
Ny praksisform i lærerutdanningen: Analysepraksis for forsknings- og profesjonsforberedelse
Authors: Staal Jenset Inga , Balas Marte Blikstad
Published: December 2021

Det er et tilbakevendende tema at lærerutdanningen må være forankret i praksis i større grad, og at lærerstudenter fremhever nettopp praksiserfaringene som det mest verdifulle i studiene. I tråd med internasjonal forskning på alternative måter å gjennomføre praksis på, har lektorprogrammet ved Universitetet i Oslo utviklet fem dager med såkalt analysepraksis – en praksisform der studentene er på campus og der all undervisning tar utgangspunkt i en konkret case med videoer av undervisning, intervjuer med elever og lærer, dokumenter fra timer og spørreskjemaer elevene har besvart, alt fra fire skole­timer i samme klasse. I artikkelen undersøker vi, ved hjelp av både spørreskjema og fokusgrupper, i hvilken grad lektorstudentene oppfatter at en slik praksisorganisering har bidratt til deres forsknings- og profesjonsforberedelser. Funnene viser at studentene er positive til alternative praksisformer, at de opplever analysepraksis som relevant for egen masteroppgave, og at det å analysere artefakter fra praksis er en progresjon fra tidligere praksisperioder. I diskusjonen tar vi opp hvordan studentene kan utfordres på at det å kjenne til ulike forskningsmetoder og analytiske innganger ikke bare er noe som angår forskere og masterstudenter – men alle profesjonelle lærere som skal forholde seg til forskning gjennom hele yrkeslivet.
SAFETY CRITICAL MARITIME INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS RESILIENCE: A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: John A , Nwaoha T C
Published: December 2021

Safety Critical Maritime Infrastructure (SCMI) systems are vulnerable to diverse risks in their challenging field of operations due to their interactions and interdependence. In addition, the multiplicity of stakeholders in these systems and the complex operational scenarios are often associated with a high level of uncertainty because they usually operate in a dynamic environment in which the boundaries of safety are pushed, leading to the disruption of operations. Therefore, the safety of these systems is very important to ensuring resilience of their operations. This research is focus on the background analysis of SCMI systems. This includes operational processes of SCMI systems, security threats and estimates of economic damage to the system, resilience engineering literature relevant to maritime operations; regulatory overview including risk governance of the systems, lessons learnt from major accidents and a concluding remark is drawn.
BUCKLING AND POST-BUCKLING OF ISOTROPIC AND COMPOSITE STIFFENED PANELS: A REVIEW ON OPTIMISATION (2000-2015)
Authors: Ni X-Y , Prusty B G , Hellier A K
Published: December 2021

Stiffened panels made out of isotropic or anisotropic materials are being extensively used as structural elements for aircraft, maritime, and other structures. In order to maintain stiffness and strength with light weight, new design techniques must be employed when utilising these materials. Their stability, ultimate strength and loading capacity are the key issues pertaining to these engineering structures which have attracted a number of investigators to undertake in- depth research, either in an academic or actual engineering context. This paper presents a review of the optimisation techniques applied to buckling and post-buckling of stiffened panels. Papers published in the period from 2000 to May 2015 have been taken into consideration. The topic is addressed by identifying the most significant objectives, targets and issues, as well as the optimisation formulations, optimisation algorithms and models available. Finally a critical discussion, giving some practical advice and pointing out and post-buckling of stiffened panels, is provided.
TOWARDS A NEW SOLAS CONVENTION: A TRANSFORMA TION OF THE SHIP SAFETY REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Authors: Nunez Sanchez M J
Published: December 2021

I congratulate the author of the article with his successful publication. The necessity to change the SOLAS is timely. Suggestions concerning simplifications in the application of the Convention, the use of more simple methods and delegation of greater freedom of choice for ship owners and designers have the right.

In my opinion, the increasing use of probabilistic methods in the rules of the Convention is not always justified. For example, the Graph - analytical method that has been used previously to assess the unsinkable ship, gives the designer more opportunity than the current Probabilistic standard.
STABILITY FAILURE ANALYSIS IN THE OPERATIONS OF FLOATING DRY DOCKS
Authors: Njumo D A
Published: December 2021

The main area of this work reflects a topic for which there is little or limited reference available and is carried out to meet the needs of professional and practical floating dry dock operators. The risk of hazards in floating dry docks is evaluated using a discrete fuzzy set theory (FST) and an evidential reasoning (ER) approach in a situation where historical failure data is not available. Fuzzy set modelling is used to estimate the safety levels of the causes of basic failure events in floating dry docks due to stability concerns using the concept of linguistic variables, and provides a framework for dealing with such variables in a systematic way. The ER approach is used to synthesise the estimated safety levels of the causes of hazards/basic hazard events. The results of this work will be valuable to dry dock masters and sister maritime engineering professionals.
NAVAL ARCHITECTURAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF FLOATING DOCK
Authors: Sundaresan G S , B Sandeep Kumar Jain , A Srikanth , Abdul Shakeel M
Published: December 2021

A brief introduction about floating docks, its advantages and types have been described. The naval architectural considerations which play a significant role in the design of floating dock have been explained. Typical ratios of L/B and L/D as a function of Dock’s lifting capacity have been presented. Empirical formulation for the same have also been indicated wherever applicable. Intact stability and its criterion as applicable for a floating dock have been described. Critical positions during evolution of docking operation and important considerations while performing stability calculations have been highlighted. Attention has also been drawn to the damage stability of floating dock. Aspects of longitudinal and transverse bending moment, which are the governing aspects in the scantling calculations have been described. Also typical methods for securing and mooring of floating dock, without compromising on flexibility for docking operations have been described. Methodology and consideration which has to be kept in mind while using design software (such as NAPA) have been indicated. Simple size optimization techniques which result in steel / ballast volume reduction have also been explained.
DEVELOPMENT OF AUTOMATIC MODE DETECTION SYSTEM BY IMPLEMENTING THE STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF SHIP DATA TO MONITOR THE PERFORMANCE
Authors: Zaman I , Pazouki K , Norman R , Younessi S , Coleman S
Published: December 2021

The shipping industry depends on a global regulatory framework to operate efficiently. The industry is currently facing various technical and regulatory challenges. Performance monitoring, vessel optimisation, reduction of emissions and maintenance have become high priorities for ship operators. The marine industry is also moving towards autonomous operation to reduce human error. The rate of sensor technology implementation has increased and also raised new technological challenges. The analysis of sensor data creates new challenges to achieve operational excellence. This paper presents the implementation of statistical analysis on ship data and develops a system to automatically detect the vessel operational modes based on sensor data.
NON-DIMENSIONALISATION OF LATERAL DISTANCES BETWEEN VESSELS OF DISSIMILAR SIZES FOR INTERACTION EFFECT STUDIES
Authors: Jayarathne N , Ranmuthugala D , Leong Z , Fei J
Published: December 2021

To date, most of the hydrodynamic interaction studies between a tug and a ship during ship assist manoeuvers have been carried out using model scale investigations. It is however difficult to establish how well results from these studies represent full scale interaction behaviour. This is further exacerbated by the lack of proven methodologies to non- dimensionalise the relative distances between the two vessels, enabling the comparison of model and full scale interaction effect data, as well as between vessels of dissimilar size ratios. This study investigates a suitable correlation technique to non-dimensionalise the lateral distance between vessels of dissimilar sizes, and a scaling option for interaction effect studies. It focuses on the interaction effects on a tug operating around the forward shoulder of a tanker at different lateral distances during ship assist operations. The findings and the non-dimensioning method presented in this paper enable the interaction effects determined for a given ship-to-tug ratio to be used to predict the safe operational distances for other ship-to-tug ratios.
A SIMULATION-BASED METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING THE FACTORS ON SHIP EMERGENCY EVACUATION
Authors: Sarvari P A , Cevikcan E
Published: December 2021

There are many hazards on a ship that makes an emergency evacuation process inevitable. Providing safe and effective evacuation of passengers from ships in an emergency situation becomes critical. Handling a real ship evacuation practice is often unaffordable as modelling such an environment is very expensive and may cause severe distress to participants. As an alternative, simulation models have been used to overwhelm the issue above in recent years. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel simulation-based methodology for evaluating the effect of factors including physical as well as psychological passenger characteristics and routeing systematic on emergency evacuation process for public marine transportation. A detailed questionnaire has been conducted in this work to reflect passenger characteristics on simulation model in a more realistic manner. Also, a new routeing systematic is developed to provide an efficient evacuation procedure. As another contribution, a novel grid-based approach where the meshed discretized nodes can contain more than one passenger is proposed in simulation model for the first time. Then, a statistical analysis is included within the methodology to assess the importance level of each factor on evacuation time. The proposed methodology is applied to a real life Ro-Ro ferry. A validation protocol based on IMO regulations is conducted and confirmed the effectiveness of the suggested simulation model. The simulation of different scenario types have indicated the influencing factors in a ship emergency evacuation. According to results, passenger characteristics has been identified as the most dominant factor on evacuation performance. The highest evacuation time difference has been observed for different levels of weight attribute. Moreover, it is concluded that the consideration of load utilization balancing among evacuation systems for routeing decreases evacuation time significantly. Finally, significant evacuation time difference between grid approaches have been demonstrated.
PERSPECTIVES FOR A WIND ASSISTED SHIP PROPULSION
Authors: Bentin M , Kotzur S , Schlaak M , Zastrau D , Freye D
Published: December 2021

For three different wind propulsion technologies, the energy saving potential of sea going cargo vessels are discussed: a kite, a Flettner rotor and a Dynarig-sail. The energy saving potential can be increased significantly if the route can be optimized when using a wind assisted ship propulsion. The increase of travelling time due to a route adoption is within the frame of the commonly accepted uncertainty in supply chains and can be limited or adjusted in the route optimization software as a parameter. The calculated saving potential depends on several parameters: the considered wind propulsion system, the route, the kind of ship (bulker, multipurpose carrier, tanker), as well as the ship speed and the weather. The cost-effectiveness of the installation of a wind propulsion system strongly depends on the fuel price, the ship speed and the international policy concerning the ship emissions.
THE INFLUENCE OF CENTRE BOW LENGTH ON SLAMMING LOADS AND MOTIONS OF LARGE WAVE-PIERCING CATAMARANS
Authors: Shahraki J R , Thomas G A , Davis M R
Published: December 2021

The effect of various centre bow lengths on the motions and wave-induced slamming loads on wave-piercing catamarans is investigated. A 2.5 m hydroelastic segmented model was tested with three different centre bow lengths and towed in regular waves in a towing tank. Measurements were made of the model motions, slam loads and vertical bending moments in the model demi-hulls. The model experiments were carried out for a test condition equivalent to a wave height of 2.68 m and a speed of 20 knots at full scale. Bow accelerations and vertical bending moments due to slamming showed significant changes with the change in centre bow, the longest centre bow having the highest wave-induced loads and accelerations. The increased volume of displaced water which is constrained beneath the bow archways is identified as the reason for this increase in the slamming load. In contrast it was found that the length of centre bow has a relatively small effect on the heave and pitch motions in slamming conditions.
ESTIMATION OF HYDRODYNAMIC COEFFICIENTS OF A NONLINEAR MANOEUVRING MATHEMATICAL MODEL WITH FREE-RUNNING SHIP MODEL TESTS
Authors: Xu Haitong , Hinostroza M A , Guedes Soares C
Published: December 2021

Free-running model tests have been carried out based on a scaled chemical tanker ship model, having a guidance, control and navigation system developed and implemented in LabVIEW. In order to make the modelling more flexible and physically more realistic, a modified version of Abkowitz model was introduced. During the identification process, the model’s structure is fixed and its parameters have been obtained using system identification. A global optimization algorithm has been used to search the optimum values and minimize the loss functions. In order to reduce the effect of noise in the variables, different loss functions considering the empirical errors and generalization performance have been defined and implemented in the system identification program. The hydrodynamic coefficients have been identified based on the manoeuvring test data of free-running ship model. Validations of the system identification algorithm were also carried out and the comparisons with experiments demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed system identification method.
RISK ASSESSMENT MODEL OF COASTAL SEA POLLUTION BY BLACK (SEWAGE) WATERS FROM VESSELS
Authors: Koboević Ž , Kurtela Ž , Koboević N
Published: December 2021

Qualitative risk assessment using the risk matrices recommended by International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Standards Organization (ISO) cannot be used for the risk assessment of the pollution of precisely determined part of the coastal sea by black waters from various vessels. Therefore, an original model has been set for risk assessment by means of multiplicative matrices at three levels, allowing risk assessment for very complex assessments with a lot more input factors unlike the classic risk matrix that has two input factors (frequency of occurrence, intensity of consequences). The proposed model of risk assessment uses matrices which first determine the vessel risk index taking into consideration the factor of device for the processing of black waters and the factor of regulations that are applied to the respective vessels. Later, the location sensitivity index is determined, which takes into consideration the sensitivity factor of the location and the factor of impact on the location. Finally, at the third level the assessed risk of sea pollution by black waters is determined according to the type of vessel at precisely defined maritime zone locations. The offered model of risk assessment using multiplicative matrices has practical application and can be used also for many other risk assessments that take into consideration many input factors that affect the risk. The result of risk assessment of the pollution of the coastal sea can be used in decision-making in risk management for undertaking measures in order to protect the coastal sea, human health, and economic activities of a certain area in the coastal sea.
PERFORMANCE PREDICTION OF A 112M WAVE-PIERCING CATAMARAN
Authors: Kay E , Lavroff J , Davis M R
Published: December 2021

The prediction of power required to propel a high-speed catamaran involves the hydrodynamic interactions between the hull surface and the surrounding fluid that may be difficult to compute numerically. In this study model-scale experiments are used as a basis for comparison to full-scale sea trials data measured on a 112m Incat wave-piercing catamaran to predict the full-scale powering requirements from model-scale testing. By completing water jet shaft power measurements on an Incat vessel during sea trials, comparison of these results was made to model-scale test results to provide good correlation. The work demonstrates that the International Towing Tank Conference (ITTC) extrapolation techniques used provide a good basis for extrapolating the data from model-scale to full-scale to predict the power requirements for the full-scale catamaran vessel operating at high Froude Number with water jet propulsion. This provides a useful tool for future designers and researchers for determining the power requirements of a catamaran vessel through model tests.
AN INTEGRATED SHIP RE-DESIGN/MODIFICATION STRATEGY
Authors: Patel A K P , Sharma R
Published: December 2021

Herein, we present an integrated ship re-design/modification strategy that integrates the ‘Computer-Aided Design (CAD)’ and ‘Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)’ to modify the ship hull form for better performance in resistance. We assume a modular design and the ship hull form modification focuses on the forward module (e.g. bulbous bow) and aft module (e.g. stern bulb) only. The ship hull form CAD model is implemented with NAPA*TM and CFD model is implemented with Shipflow**TM. The basic ship hull form parameters are not changed and the modifications in some of the technical parameters because of re-designed bulbous bow and stern bulb are kept at very minimum. The bulbous bow is re-designed by extending an earlier method (Sharma and Sha (2005b)) and stern bulb parameters for re-design are computed from the experience gained from literature survey. The re-designed hull form is modeled in CAD and is integrated and analyzed with Shipflow**TM. The CAD and CFD integrated model is validated and verified with the ITTC approved recommendations and guidelines. The proposed numerical methodology is implemented on the ship hull form modification of a benchmark ship, i.e. KRISO container ship (KCS). The presented results show that the modified ship hull form of KCS - with only bow and stern modifications - using the present strategy, results into resistance and propulsive improvement.
Power Electronic Converters for Microgrids
Authors: Ming Wenlong
Published: December 2021

Power electronic converters are indispensable building blocks of microgrids. They are the enabling technology for many applications of microgrids, e.g., renewable energy integration, transportation electrification, energy storage, and power supplies for computing. In this chapter, the requirements, functions, and operation of power electronic converters are introduced. Then, different topologies of the converters used in microgrids are discussed, including DC/DC converters, single-phase DC/AC converters, three-phase three-wire, and four-wire DC/AC converters. The remaining parts of this chapter focus on how to optimally design and control these converters with the emerging wide-bandgap semiconductors. Correlated tradeoffs of converter efficiency, power density, and cost are analyzed using Artificial Neural Networks to find the optimal design of the converters.
Electricity Storage in Local Energy Systems
Authors: Seward William , Hua Weiqi , Qadrdan Meysam
Published: December 2021

Traditionally, power system operation has relied on supply side flexibility from large fossil-based generation plants to managed swings in supply and/or demand. An increase in variable renewable generation has increased curtailment of renewable electricity and variations in electricity prices. Consumers can take advantage of volatile electricity prices and reduce their bills using electricity storage. With reduced fossil-based power generation, traditional methods for balancing supply and demand must change. Electricity storage offers an alternative to fossil-based flexibility, with an increase expected to support high levels of renewable generation. Electrochemical storage is a promising technology for local energy systems. In particular, lithium-ion batteries due to their high energy density and high efficiency. However, despite their 89% decrease in capital cost over the last 10 years, lithium-ion batteries are still relatively expensive. Local energy systems with battery storage can use their battery for different purposes such as maximising their self-consumption, minimising their operating cost through energy arbitrage which is storing energy when the electricity price is low and releasing the energy when the price increases, and increasing their revenue by providing flexibility services to the utility grid. Power rating and energy capacity are vitally important in the design of an electricity storage system. A case study is given for the purpose of providing a repeatable methodology for optimally sizing of a battery storage system for a local energy system. The methodology can be adapted to include any local energy system generation or demand profile.
Regulatory Impediments to Micro-Wind Generation
Authors: M. Yonk Ryan , Clark Corbin , Rood Jessica
Published: December 2021

Recent growth in the renewable energy industry has largely been driven by government support for alternative energy. Wind power in the United States is the second largest source of renewable energy, and has been heavily subsidized by state and federal government. There has also been an increasing interest in small scale environmental community projects, and this trend is expected to continue. Currently, there are 2 terawatt hours (TWh) of potential energy capacity through small- and micro-wind projects throughout the United States. Increased development of micro-wind energy could significantly impact America’s non-hydropower renewable energy generation. Micro-wind, the utilization of the flow of wind energy to produce electricity for a house, farm or other non-utility scale generation can be regulated at the federal level, as well as at the state and local/community level. We examine two cases of micro-wind energy production to explore the regulatory impediments these smaller projects face. We find that the level of complexity of the regulatory framework is discouraging for innovation and development, and that the benefits of installing energy-generation are often outweighed by the cost of implementation.
Metformin for Tuberculosis Infection
Authors: Dian Novita Bernadette , Christy Mulyono Ari , Erwin Ferdinand
Published: December 2021

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), remains the biggest infection burden in the word. Rifampin (RIF) and Isoniazid (INH) are the most effective antibiotics for killing M.tb. However, the resistance rate of rifampin and INH are high and lead to almost 35% treatment failure. Metformin enhanced anti tuberculosis efficacy in killing M. tuberculosis through several mechanism, firstly through autophagia mechanism and secondly by activating superoxide dismutase (SOD). Metformin activated mTOR and AMPK then induced more effective autophagy against M.tb. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme produced in the host’s antioxidant defense system. SOD neutralizes reactive oxygen species (ROS) that excessively produced during phagocytosis process against M.tb. Excessive production of ROS associated with Th1 overactivation and leads into macrophage activity inhibition and excessive tissue damage. Metformin has ability in improving SOD level during inflammation.
Diatom species composition and their seasonal dynamics in the Timok River basin
Authors: Đukić Nikola , Jakšić Tatjana , Papović Olivera , Vasić Predrag
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper was to present the composition and seasonal dynamics of epilthic diatoms in the Timok River basin. The diatom samples were collected along the Timok River basin in March, May, August and November 2017. Permanent diatom slides were prepared after oxidizing the organic material by the hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). The cleaned diatom materials were mounted on permanent slides using ZRAX glue. A total of 85 taxa were identified in the Timok River Basin. The benthic diatom taxa belong to 31 genera with the highest diversity observed within Navicula Bory (15), Nitzschia Hassall (12) and Gomphonema Ehrenberg (8). Quantitative analysis showed that in all seasons, Achnanthidium minutissimum and Amphora pediculus were dominant taxa. In May, they were joined by the Achnanthidium pyrenaicum, Gomphonema olivaceum and Ulnaria ulna; in August by the Cocconeis placentula, Denticula kuetzingii, Melosira varians, Navicula metareichardtiana, Nitzschia capitellata, N. fonticola and N. palea; in November by the D. kuetzingii, G. olivaceum, G. pumilum, N. metareichardtiana, N. veneta, Nitzschia capitellata and N. palea and in March by A. pyrenaicum, Diatoma moniliformis, G. olivaceum, N. palea and U. ulna. Our research is the floristical and ecological study of benthic diatoms in this basin and can form the groundwork for further research work.
Climate protection as an opportunity for banks to increase earnings and consumer trust
Authors: Kiszka Sabrina , Hastenteufel Jessica
Published: December 2021

Banks are currently facing numerous challenges. In addition to the ongoing cheap money policy of the European Central Bank, a regulated market environment and a rapidly progressive digitization, financial institutions are increasingly confronted with topics such as sustainability and climate protection. From the latter derive not only risks but also chances for banks. Sustainability risks can impact different risk categories such as market risks, credit risks, operational risks, and liquidity risks. Moreover, reputational risks can occur in this context. This is especially important as bank customers constantly develop a greater awareness of ecological issues, and thus, develop increasing expectations on how companies – like banks – deal with issues like climate protection and sustainability. For this reason, we will start with a theoretical explanation of the key words and then present the results of our customer survey to highlight the current expectations of bank customers in the context of climate protection. Based on this, we formulate recommendations for banks on how to generate a competitive advantage by engaging in climate protection and by taking sustainable actions.
Marine soundscape and fish biophony of a Mediterranean marine protected area
Authors: La Manna Gabriella , Picciulin Marta , Crobu Alessia , Perretti Francesco , Ronchetti Fabio , Manghi Michele , Ruiu Alberto , Ceccherelli Giulia
Published: December 2021

Background

Marine soundscape is the aggregation of sound sources known as geophony, biophony, and anthrophony. The soundscape analysis, in terms of collection and analysis of acoustic signals, has been proposed as a tool to evaluate the specific features of ecological assemblages and to estimate their acoustic variability over space and time. This study aimed to characterise the Capo Caccia-Isola Piana Marine Protected Area (Italy, Western Mediterranean Sea) soundscape over short temporal (few days) and spatial scales (few km) and to quantify the main anthropogenic and biological components, with a focus on fish biophonies.

Methods

Within the MPA, three sites were chosen each in a different protection zone (A for the integral protection, B as the partial protection, and C as the general protection). In each site, two underwater autonomous acoustic recorders were deployed in July 2020 at a depth of about 10 m on rocky bottoms. To characterise the contribution of both biophonies and anthrophonies, sea ambient noise (SAN) levels were measured as sound pressure level (SPL dB re: 1 μ Pa-rms) at eight 1/3 octave bands, centred from 125 Hz to 16 kHz, and biological and anthropogenic sounds were noted. Fish sounds were classified and counted following a catalogue of known fish sounds from the Mediterranean Sea based on the acoustic characteristic of sound types. A contemporary fish visual census had been carried out at the test sites.

Results

SPL were different by site, time (dayvs. night), and hour. SPLs bands centred at 125, 250, and 500 Hz were significantly higher in the daytime, due to the high number of boats per minute whose noise dominated the soundscapes. The loudest man-made noise was found in the A zone, followed by the B and the C zone, confirming that MPA current regulations do not provide protection from acoustic pollution. The dominant biological components of the MPA soundscape were the impulsive sounds generated by some invertebrates, snapping shrimps and fish. The vast majority of fish sounds were recorded at the MPA site characterized by the highest sound richness, abundance, and Shannon-Wiener index, coherently with the results of a fish visual census. Moreover, the acoustic monitoring detected a sound associated with a cryptic species (Ophidionspp.) never reported in the study area before, further demonstrating the usefulness of passive acoustic monitoring as a complementary technique to species census. This study provides baseline data to detect future changes of the marine soundscapes and some suggestions to reduce the impact of noise on marine biodiversity.
Microbial associations of shallow-water Mediterranean marine cave Solenogastres (Mollusca)
Authors: Vortsepneva Elena , Chevaldonné Pierre , Klyukina Alexandra , Naduvaeva Elizaveta , Todt Christiane , Zhadan Anna , Tzetlin Alexander , Kublanov Ilya
Published: December 2021

The first cave-dwelling Solenogastres—marine shell-less worm-like mollusks—were sampled from Mediterranean marine caves floor silt in the Marseille area. The mollusks were 1.5 mm in length, had a transparent body with shiny spicules and appear to represent a new Tegulaherpia species. Electron microscopy revealed a high number of microbial cells, located on the surface of the spicules as well as in the cuticle of Tegulaherpia sp. The observed microbial cells varied in morphology and were unequally distributed through the cuticle, reaching a highest density on the dorsal and lateral sides and being practically absent on the ventral side. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of V4 region of 16S rRNA gene amplicons, obtained from the DNA samples of whole bodies of Tegulaherpia sp. revealed three dominating microorganisms, two of which were bacteria of Bacteroidetes and Nitrospirae phyla, while the third one represented archaea of Thaumarchaeota phylum. The Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU), affiliated with Bacteroidetes was an uncultured bacteria of the family Saprospiraceae (93–95% of Bacteroidetes and 25–44% of the total community, depending on sample), OTU, affiliated with Nitrospirae belonged to the genus Nitrospira (8–30% of the community), while the thaumarchaeal OTU was classified as Candidatus Nitrosopumilus (11–15% of the community). Members of these three microbial taxa are known to form associations with various marine animals such as sponges or snails where they contribute to nitrogen metabolism or the decomposition of biopolymers. A similar role is assumed to be played by the microorganisms associated with Tegulaherpia sp.
Polio Vaccination and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Smith Andrew P. , Thomas Marie
Published: December 2021

Background: Previous research has suggested that enteroviruses may be implicated in the development and persistence of Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). One method of investigating this topic has been to use a polio vaccination challenge, and a previous study showed that CFS patients had more shedding than healthy controls. There was no effect of the vaccination on the clinical condition or wellbeing of the CFS patients.

Methods: In the previous study, the control group were more likely to have had a recent booster vaccination. This was controlled in the present study, where 18 CFS patients were randomly assigned to vaccination or placebo conditions. Nine healthy volunteers were also given the polio vaccination.

Results: The results confirmed that vaccination had no negative effects on the CFS group. Although there was more virus shedding in the CFS polio group than in the control polio group, this difference was not significant.

Conclusion: This study confirms that polio vaccination is not contraindicated in CFS patients but could not confirm that they are more susceptible to enterovirus infection.
Application of Game Theory and Markov Chains on English Premier League (EPL) Scorelines Analysis
Authors: Ugoh Christogonus Ifeanyichukwu , Uzuke Chinwendu Alice , Onyebuchi Obiora-Ilouno Happiness , Chinelo Ijeoma Obi-Okpala , Oyo Orji gabriel , Chinaza Eze Theophine
Published: December 2021

The aim of this paper is to obtain the optimal strategies of two competitive players using Game Theorem and to make future predictions of games using Markov Chains involving the EPL. All the teams that have participated since 2005/2006 EPL season to EPL 2019/2020 season were considered and the method of proportion of wins was used to select five best teams. Linear programming was employed to select the optimal strategies, while the predictions for seasons 2020/2021 to 2023/2024 are obtained by Markov chain method. The results obtained revealed that Man U is the optimal strategy for Player A, and that Player A has to choose Man U to maximize his profit, meanwhile, Chelsea is the optimal strategy for Player B and he has to choose Chelsea to minimize his loss. The findings of the results also revealed that for Man U or Chelsea to win their home games, it will depend on their current home winning against the team they are playing with.
Cytotoxic Synergism between a Proprietary Commiphora mukul Gum Extract GU-MCT810, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and Metformin in Human Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma and Hepatoma Cell Lines In vitro
Authors: Ramachandran Cheppail , Quirin Karl-Werner , Melnick Steven J.
Published: December 2021

In this investigation we have analyzed the synergism for the cytotoxic effect of a proprietary guggul gum extract (GU), 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG) and metformin (Met) in SJRH30 human alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma and HepG2 hepatoma cell lines in vitro. 2-DG and Met as single agents have weak cytotoxic effects in both cell lines. However, the combination of GU+2-DG, GU+Met and 2-DG+Met showed synergism for cytotoxic effect by CompuSyn analysis. Therefore, GU can be included in the combination of drugs involving 2-DG and Met to have synergistic effect. GU also showed a dose-dependent increase in cellular glucose uptake in HepG2 cells like the antidiabetic drug 2,4-thiozolidine dione (TZ). The demonstration of synergism of anticancer effects between GU, metformin and 2-DG, suggest that their mechanisms are in general complementary, though further studies are required to delineate the mechanism of GU, 2-DG and metformin combinations.
Alternative Approaches for Rheumatoid Arthritis Management: Future Perspective, Herbal, Dietary, Lifestyle, Psychological, Nutritional Intervention and Healthcare
Authors: Gupta Reena , Gupta Jitendra , Kumar Dhruv
Published: December 2021

Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease autoimmune disorder that develops when our immune system attacks the tissues near joints due to the release of chemicals and enzymes. Although the exact pathogenesis of the disease has yet to be determined, studies indicate that cellular proliferation of synoviocytes results in pannus formation, which damages cartilages and bones. Recent research also supports the role of free radicals in the disease's pathogenesis. For rheumatoid arthritis treatment, a variety of anti-inflammatory and other types of drugs are available. However, long-term use of such types of pharmacological drugs is associated with serious side effects. As a result, herbal remedies, lifestyle, nutritional, probiotics, dietary and psychological interventions provide a rich source of anti-arthritic agents along with management of rheumatoid arthritis. This review focused on pathogenesis, treatments approaches for RA, mechanism of action, patents of marketed products. Tailored made approaches for arthritis management helps the scientists and researchers for finding newer leads, promotes growth and development of herbal industries, significantly improving health.
Overview on the Causes and Updated Management of Impetigo
Authors: Alotaibi Abdullah Rahil , Alshahrani Rahaf Mohammad , Alanazi Ahad Awadh , Almalki Marwah khalil I , Alsaadoon Saleh Asaad , Mahjari Ahood Ahmad Ali , Alahmadi Duaa Abdullah
Published: December 2021

Impetigo is the most common bacterial skin infection in children between the ages of 2 and 5. There are two main types: non-vesicular (70% of cases) and bullous (30% of cases). Non-bullous impetigo or impetigo is caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes and is characterized by honey-colored skin on the face and limbs. Impetigo primarily affects the skin or is a secondary infection with insect bites, eczema, or herpes lesions. Bullous impetigo caused only by S. aureus causes large, relaxed blisters and is more likely to affect the interstitial area. Both types usually resolve within a few weeks without scarring, and complications are rare, the most serious of which is streptococcal glomerulonephritis. Treatment includes topical antibiotics such as mupirocin, retapamulin, and fusidic acid. Oral antibiotic therapy can be used for impetigo with large blisters, or when topical therapy is not practical. Amoxicillin / clavulanate, dicloxacillin, cephalexin, clindamycin, doxicillin, minocycline, trimetoprim / sulfamethoxazole, and macrolides are optional, but penicillin is not.
Diagnosis and Management of Surgical Site Infections: Narrative Review
Authors: Alsharari Abdulrahman Zaki Mutyi , Alruwaili Wadad Mtharad A. , Saba Hanan Essam M. , Alanazi Nujud Menwer R. , Alkhaldi Afkar Bader M. , Alruwaili Mariyah Mohammed M. , Alhumud Maryam Bakr H. , Alfaleh Lubna Abdulrazaq Z. , Bakri Farah Faisal R. , Alsharari Shaima Naif M. , Alhajouj Ahmed Musleh H.
Published: December 2021

Infection of the wound after surgery is a regular occurrence. Wound infection is a complicated process that involves a molecular interplay between numerous biological processes. Wound infections are associated with a high rate of morbidity and mortality. Surgical site infections are a common surgical complication that affects approximately 3%-6% of all surgical procedures according to different studies. Surgical site infections (SSIs) cause negative consequences in patients, such as prolonged hospitalization and mortality. Each incision causes wound contamination, however there are established techniques to reduce the incidence of SSI. Improved adherence to evidence-based preventative strategies such as adequate antibiotic prophylaxis, in particular, can help to reduce the rate of SSI. The sort of procedure used determines the correct diagnosis of SSI. Early detection, on the other hand, is critical for good management of all surgical operations. Consistent antibiotic therapy, wound drainage, and, if necessary, vigorous wound debridement are all part of the treatment for SSI. Following that, wound management is determined by the location and nature of the infection.  

This study aims to: Diagnosis and Management of Surgical Site Infections. In this review we will be looking at surgical site infections epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis and management.
A Functional and Radiological Outcome Analysis of Hip Forage Procedure, done for Early Stages(Ficat and Arlet Grade 1 and 2A) of Avascular Necrosis of Head of Femur
Authors: Padmawar Shubham , Landge Dr. Suhas , Upadhyay Prateek , Madhusmita Mitali
Published: December 2021

Background: Avascular necrosis of the femoral head is a severe disease and causes osteoarthritis of the hip joint in young adults. Early diagnosis leads to better prognosis and therapeutic success.

Aim: To study pain, radiological outcome & functional outcome post hip forage procedure in patients of avascular necrosis of head of femur (Ficat and Arlet grade 1 and grade 2A).

Study Design: This was a prospective observational study.

Place and Duration of Study: Conducted in the Department of Orthopaedics, Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Nerul, Navi Mumbai over a period of 2 years from 2015 to 2017

Methodology: We included 50 patients (39 males, 11 females) with Avascular necrosis of unilateral or bilateral head of femur (Grade 1 and Grade 2A), clinical, radiological and functional(with the help of Harris hip score) examination was done at 6 months and 12 months follow up post operatively. 

Results: Out of the 50 patients, pre-peratively, 60% reported moderate pain, 20% mild pain and 20% severe pain. At follow-up, 36% patients reported slight pain, 26% mild pain, 26% moderate pain, 8% marked pain, and no pain was reported by 4% patients. Pre-operatively, no limp was seen in 34% patients, while 66% patient had a limp. At follow-up, 70% patient had a limp and no limp in 30% patients. Before surgery, support (cane use) was required by 6% patients, while at follow-up, support was noted by 12% patients. Preoperative mean Harris Hip Score was 63.6, while that at follow-up it was 74.74. Radiological worsening of the disease occurred only in 38% of the patients which suggests that disease progression was delayed in most patients(62%). 2% patients had a complication of foot drop.

Conclusion: Avascular necrosis of femoral head is more common in young males. Core decompression by multiple drilling and/or core decompression with fibular strut grafting are equally effective in pre collapse stages (stage 1 and stage 2A) with better functional and radiological outcomes and hence these procedures can play a vital role in delaying the disease progression.
Prospecção Tecnológica de Patentes para Equipamento de Segurança Contra Gases Tóxicos e Inflamáveis
Authors: Camara Júnior Dorival Tavares da , Santos Eric Freitas , Campos Marcio Inomata , Cerqueira Gabriela Silva
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho pretende verificar o avanço tecnológico na área de segurança contra gases tóxicos e inflamáveis, com interesse na análise de dispositivos totalmente automáticos, programáveis e autônomos, de uso pessoal e industrial. Para a elaboração deste artigo, foram definidas estratégias de pesquisa aplicadas ao banco de dados europeu EspaceNet que resultou em 683 patentes exportadas, sendo estas analisadas por meios de gráficos que representassem aspectos relevantes do mercado. Após a obtenção desses resultados, verificou-se a necessidade de realizar uma análise qualitativa individual de cada patente, que foi feita por meio de resumo e classificada pelo nível de relação com um dispositivo idealizado. Após aplicado esse filtro, o número de documentos reduziu-se para 70 patentes que foram examinadas. Os resultados mostraram que as aplicações foram ampliadas com novos produtos, sendo a maioria de nacionalidade chinesa.
Proposta de um Modelo de Análise de Projetos de Inovação Tecnológica Selecionados pelo Polo de Inovação IFCE
Authors: Wagner Lucas Queiroz , De Oliveira Rodrigues Antônio Wendell
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho traz um breve histórico da estrutura e do planejamento inicial do Polo EMBRAPII de Inovação IFCE (PEIFCE), além de realizar a análise de diversos indicadores e a geração de um relatório de indicadores dos projetos de inovação do Polo EMBRAPII de Inovação IFCE (PEIFCE) em 2017. A metodologia utilizada para a análise dos indicadores e para o relatório de indicadores dos projetos de inovação desenvolvidos pelo PEIFCE (Polo EMBRAPII de Inovação IFCE) no ano de 2017 foi baseada no estudo dos dados e das informações encontrados no plano de ação e planos de trabalho dos projetos de inovação do PEIFCE, respeitando, em todo caso, os termos de confidencialidades dos projetos de inovação. Portanto, na perspectiva de aumentar a interação entre os atores: governo, indústria e universidade, o presente trabalho consolidou os dados quantitativos e qualitativos na realização dos indicadores e do relatório de indicadores dos projetos de inovação assinados do PEIFCE do ano de 2017.
OBSERVATORIOS SOCIALES Y DROMOCRACIA CIBERCULTURAL
Authors: Guerrero Pérez Lisandra , Vidal Pino Omar , Erichsen Nassif Mônica , Moura Maria Aparecida
Published: December 2021

La multidimensionalidad y la naturaleza de los Observatorios Sociales (OS) les permiten distinguirse entre los fenómenos informacionales contemporáneos, al ser sistemas de vigilancia que observan detalladamente la sociedad desde perspectivas interdisciplinares. Este artículo analiza y describe la relación existente entre los OS y la Dromocracia Cibercultural (DC), esta última entendida como una teoría de análisis de la sociedad actual y futura. Esta investigación se caracteriza por ser cualitativa y descriptiva, y usa el análisis de contenido como técnica de análisis de datos. La muestra escogida de ocho OS brasileños fue intencional y no probabilística. La metodología presentada posee cuatro etapas que tienen como propósito identificar la misión, objetivos, servicios y productos de información de los OS brasileños seleccionados; analizar las categorías analíticas definidas; y representar la interrelación existente entre los OS y la DC. Este estudio concluye con el análisis y representación de la relación entre los OS y la DC según los preceptos teóricos-prácticos analizados, vislumbrando dos relaciones existentes entre ellos: cíclica y existencial. Los resultados obtenidos establecen pautas para entender cómo los OS constituyen instrumentos de alerta y de vigilancia social ante los posibles efectos de la velocidad tecnológica en la sociedad contemporánea actual.