bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gier und ihre Gefahren. Warum die Diskussionen um Managergehälter und Bankerboni keine Neiddebatten sind
Authors: Hecker Christian
Published: May 2019

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschäftigt sich aus moralphilosophischer und ökonomischer Sicht mit dem Begriff der Gier. Dabei wird zunächst die Verwurzelung dieses Begriffs in der jüdisch-christlichen Tradition sowie in der aristotelischen Philosophie dargestellt, die sich in vielerlei Hinsicht auch in der klassischen Nationalökonomie, insbesondere bei Smith und John Stuart Mill, wiederfindet und auch an eine kantianisch begründete Ethik anschlussfähig ist. Gier zeigt sich dabei als Zusammenspiel verschiedener Entgrenzungsprozesse bei Gewinn- und Vergütungserwartungen, Affekten und Risiken. Anschließend wird dargelegt, dass sich diese Dimensionen der moralphilosophisch begründeten Kritik an Gier auch auf aktuelle wirtschaftspolitische Herausforderungen anwenden lassen. So können viele Ursachen der jüngsten Finanzmarktkrise auf derartige Entgrenzungsprozesse zurückgeführt werden.
Flexible Führung und Integrität. Was können wir von der ACT lernen?
Authors: Bruton James
Published: May 2019

Die Akzeptanz- und Commitment-Therapie (ACT) - ein evidenzbasiertes verhaltenstherapeutisches Modell, das sich in den letzten Jahren erfolgreich durchgesetzt hat - wird von einem psychotherapeutischen Modell in ein Coaching-Setting übertragen, um aufzuzeigen, wie Probleme der inflexiblen, dysfunktionalen Führung im Kontext von CSR und Integrität im Führungskräftecoaching vorteilhaft behandelt werden könnten. Es wird gezeigt, dass psychologische Flexibilität als erlernbare Fähigkeit im Kontext der Organisationsführung und insbesondere im Kontext des Auf- und Ausbaus von CSR im Unternehmen nutzbringend eingesetzt werden kann. Besonderheiten bei der Anwendung von ACT-Coaching werden anhand der Beschreibung konkreter Interventionen erläutert. Besondere fachliche und persönliche Anforderungen an den Coach werden dargestellt. Der Nutzen des Coaching-Konzeptes ist nicht allein auf CSR-Anwendungen beschränkt, sondern lässt sich ebenfalls auf die Führung von Innovationsprozessen oder Change-Managementprozessen sowie auf den Gegenstand der flexiblen Führung im Allgemeinen sowie zur Reduzierung der Kosten von verminderter Arbeitsproduktivität aufgrund von psychischen Belastungen anwenden.
Mensch und Maßnahme
Authors: Heller Jonas
Published: May 2019

Menschenrechte und Ausnahmezustand sind zwei Weisen, durch die der moderne Staat seine rechtliche Ordnung nicht nur begründet und erhält, sondern auch immer wieder durchbricht. Zwischen ihnen besteht ein Gegensatz: Wo der Ausnahmezustand erklärt wird, werden Menschenrechte eingeschränkt.

Während die beiden Phänomene in ihrem Zweck entgegengesetzt sind, sind sie allerdings in ihren Mitteln verbunden. Darauf beruht ihr dialektisches Verhältnis, das in diesem Buch als Zusammenhang von Berechtigung und Entrechtung ausgewiesen wird. Dazu diskutiert der Autor im ersten Teil die Theorien von Souveränität und Ausnahmezustand bei Carl Schmitt und Giorgio Agamben. Im zweiten, philosophisch und historisch argumentierenden Teil zeigt er auf, dass das für die Menschenrechtsidee konstitutive Konzept der Rechtsperson staatliches (Ausnahme-)Handeln nicht nur begrenzt, sondern es auch ermöglicht.

Die Analyse zielt darauf, das positive Potential der Menschenrechte gegen ihre negativen Effekte in Stellung zu bringen und so gegenüber einer Logik der Maßnahme zu verteidigen.

Für die diesem Buch zugrunde liegende gleichnamige Dissertation wurde Jonas Heller 2018 mit dem Werner Pünder-Preis ausgezeichnet.
How Can a Subject Be Reified?
Authors: Jurga Saulius ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: May 2019

This paper examines Georg Lukács’s conception of rei􀏔ied subjectivity under capitalism. I claim that Lukács’s transition from his ethical pre-Marxist notion of the reified subject, to his early-Marxist understanding of capitalist reification of the subject contains the elements of a potential Lukácsian anti-critique of any epistemic or normative reinterpretation of his theory of reification. In particular, the shift in Lukács’s conceptualization of the thinglikeness of objects implied in his dialectical social theory points to a historically precise interpretation of the subject’s reification. The paper also suggests that Lukács’s project of dereification is rooted in the affective experience of reified subjects.Cet article examine la conception lukacsienne de la subjectivité réifiée en régime capitaliste. Mon propos est de montrer que le passage de la notion éthique pré-marxiste du sujet réifié à une compréhension marxiste précoce de la réification capitaliste du sujet chez Lukács contient des éléments d’une critique lukacsienne potentielle de toute réinterprétation normative de sa théorie de la réification. Le tournant dans la conceptualisation lukacsienne de l’apparente « choiséité » (Dinghaftigkeit) des objets, implicite dans la dialectique de sa théorie sociale, fait signe vers une interprétation historiquement précise de la réification du sujet. L’article suggère également que le projet lukacsien de la dé-réification est enraciné dans l’expérience affective des sujets réifiés.
La subjectivation dominée/dominante
Authors: Bernard Marion ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: May 2019

La pleine reconnaissance de l’existence du problème de la subjectivation sexuée ou colonisée conduit nécessairement à rendre relatif celui de la subjectivation dite « neutre ». Pourtant, le propre de la conscience dominante est de masquer son propre caractère de domination. Comment forcer la subjectivité dominante à se dévoiler? Nous proposons d’associer la description phénoménologique à une méthode de traduction depuis les expériences des dominé-e-s vers la reconstruction des expériences des dominant-e-s en tant que tel-les. Pour cela, nous partirons, dans une perspective intersectionnelle, des travaux phénoménologiques de Simone de Beauvoir et de Frantz Fanon.The full recognition of the problem of sexual or colonized subjectivation necessarily leads to question the neutrality of “normal subjectivity.” Yet the dominant consciousness tends to mask its own character of domination. How to force dominant subjectivity to reveal itself? We propose to associate the phenomenological description with a method of translation from the experiences of the dominated-ones to the reconstruction of the experiences of the dominants as such. For that, we will rely, in an intersectional perspective, on the phenomenological work of Simone de Beauvoir and Frantz Fanon.
Racist Subjectivation, Capitalism, and Colonialism
Authors: Bruschi Fabio ,   Canadian Society for Continental Philosophy
Published: May 2019

This article highlights the impasses of anti-racist struggles that understand racism as an opinion or a prejudice and use education as their only means for addressing it. Racism should rather be understood as a socio-historical subjective structure rooted in the process of constitution of the division of labour on a global scale through colonialism, a process that was crucial to the institution of capitalism. This is why we will put forth the importance of rejecting the narrations that camouflage colonization with the idea of civilization, and the necessity to produce decolonial counter-histories. We will thus claim that such an endeavor should start from the struggles of racialized peoples against the different forms of coloniality—that is, from the refusal by racialized peoples of the representations that are imposed on them, and from their repositioning on the basis of their alterity. Only the position of a powerful alterity can in fact make possible a real equality.Cet article met en évidence les impasses des luttes antiracistes qui conçoivent le racisme comme une opinion ou un préjugé et utilisent l’éducation comme le seul moyen d’y remédier. Le racisme devrait plutôt être compris comme une structure socio-historique subjective qui s’enracine dans le procès de constitution de la division mondiale du travail par le colonialisme, un procès qui a été décisif pour l’institution du capitalisme. C’est pourquoi nous mettrons en avant le caractère problématique des récits qui recouvrent la colonisation de l’idée de civilisation et la nécessité de produire des contre-histoires décoloniales. Il s’agira alors de montrer que, pour ce faire, il faut partir des luttes des racisés contre les différentes formes de colonialité—c’est-à-dire du refus par les racisés des représentations qui leur sont adressées et de leur repositionnement à partir de leur altérité. Seule la position d’une altérité puissante peut, en effet, rendre possible une égalité réelle.
Los símbolos del nacionalcatolicismo. Una mirada a través de la fotografía escolar durante la dictadura franquista (1950-1959)
Authors: Sanz Simón Carlos
Published: May 2019

La dictadura de Francisco Franco trajo consigo un agresivo proceso de nacionalización especialmente palpable en la enseñanza. Liquidado el proyecto republicano, el Régimen estableció una educación basada en la exaltación de la etnicidad, la patria y la religión católica. Estos serían los pilares del autodenominado Nuevo Estado, los cuales se harían visibles explícitamente en las escuelas, dentro y fuera de ellas. El presente artículo plantea un análisis de la simbología del nacionalcatolicismo, con la intención de conocer su presencia o ausencia en función de tres ejes: la titularidad de los centros —acotada en este estudio entre religiosa y no religiosa—, su localización geográfica y la vinculación entre estos símbolos y el alumnado en función de su sexo. Para su consecución, se hace uso de las fotografías albergadas en el fondo de memorias de prácticas «Romero Marín», ubicado en el Museo/Laboratorio de Historia de la Educación «Manuel Bartolomé Cossío» de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, y elaborado por estudiantes de la Sección de Pedagogía de la mencionada universidad. Las mismas han permitido observar algunas tendencias en función de las categorías propuestas, destacando el uso de la simbología propia en el caso de los centros religiosos en detrimento de  las representaciones estrictamente políticas, la aparición de símbolos propios en algunas regiones y una diferenciación explícita en la relación entre los mismos y los niños y niñas instruidos durante los años cincuenta del Régimen
Adiós, Sarmiento. Educación pública, Iglesia y mercado
Authors: Frechtel Ignacio
Published: May 2019

Reseña del libro Adriana Puiggrós, Adiós, Sarmiento. Educación pública, Iglesia y mercado. (Buenos Aires: Colihue, 2017)
Policy Challenges and Opportunities to Address Changing Paradigms in Cancer Care Delivery
Authors: Winckworth-Prejsnar Katy , McCanney James , Schatz Alyssa A. , Smedley Warren , Platanias Leonidas C. , Benitez Cecil M. , Newcomer Lee N. , Fitzgerald C. Lyn , Carlson Robert W.
Published: May 2019

Multiple factors are forcing the healthcare delivery system to change. A movement toward value-based payment models is shifting these systems to team-based integration and coordination of care for better efficiencies and outcomes. Workforce shortages are stressing access and quality of care for patients with cancer and survivors, and their families and caregivers. Innovative therapies are expensive, forcing payers and employers to prioritize resources. Patients are advocating for care models centered on their needs rather than those of providers. In response, payment policies have recently focused on the promotion of alternative payment models that incentivize coordinated, high-quality care with consideration for value and controlling the increasing overall costs associated with cancer and its treatment. Given the multitude of factors confounding cancer care, NCCN convened a multistakeholder working group to examine the challenges and opportunities presented by changing paradigms in cancer care delivery. The group identified key challenges and developed policy recommendations to address 4 high-visibility topics in cancer care delivery. The findings and recommendations were then presented at the NCCN Policy Summit: Policy Challenges and Opportunities to Address Changing Paradigms in Cancer Care Delivery in September 2018, and multistakeholder roundtable panel discussions explored these findings and recommendations along with additional items. This article encapsulates the discussion from the NCCN Working Group meetings and the NCCN Policy Summit, including multistakeholder policy recommendations on delivery issues in cancer care designed to help inform national policies moving forward.
The role of a trauma-sensitive football group in the recovery of survivors of torture
Authors: Horn Rebecca , Ewart-Biggs Robin , Hudson Freddie , Berilgen Selcuk , Ironside Jack , Prodromou Anthony
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Whilst there is some preliminary evidence for the benefits of sports-related interventions for survivors of torture, how sport and exercise can contribute to the rehabilitation of torture survivors needs to be better understood. Specifically, this paper aims to: 1) explore the ways in which a football group contributed to the wellbeing of participants and; 2) suggest characteristics of the football group which could potentially contribute to its effectiveness. Methods: An exploratory mixed methods study was undertaken with participants and trainers of a joint programme delivered by Arsenal Football Club and Freedom from Torture in London. Individual discussions, group discussions and participatory ranking activities were used which led to the development of an initial programme model. This model was, subsequently, further developed through a variety of data collection methods. Results: Six potential outcomes of involvement in the football group were identified: relationships, a sense of belonging, hope for the future, emotion management, enjoyment, and improved physical health. In addition, the process highlighted factors contributing to the effectiveness of the football group: a sense of safety, therapeutic aims, similar participants, a partnership approach, staff characteristics, other opportunities, and consistency in terms of approach, session content and staff. Conclusions: This exploratory study outlines the potential benefits of the football programme that would require further validation through a case-control study and participant follow-up. A model is put forward as well as a number of recommendations that serve as a starting point for similar programmes and guides academic research in the area.
The Istanbul Protocol: A global stakeholder survey on past experiences, current practices and additional norm setting
Authors: Haar Rohini J , Lin James , Modvig Jens , Nee Julia , Iacopino Vincent
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The Istanbul Protocol (IP) principles and guidelines have served as international norms for the effective investigation and documentation of torture and ill-treatment since 1999. Given the widespread use of the IP and recent calls to update or enhance its norms, we conducted a large-scale study among stakeholders to understand current practices as well as opinions on additional IP norm setting. Methods: Between February 20, 2017 and April 7, 2017, we conducted an online survey of IP users using a combination of criterion and chain sampling. The survey instrument included the following domains of inquiry: 1) respondent characteristics (demographics, anti-torture work, country conditions, and IP training); 2) IP use, importance and practices, and; 3) opinions on additional IP norm setting. Results: The survey was distributed to 177 individuals and 250 organizational representatives with response rates of 78% and 47% respectively. The respondents came from a variety of clinical, legal, academic, and advocacy disciplines from around the world. The respondents indicated that they use the IP for a wide range of anti-torture activities: investigation and documentation, advocacy, training and capacity building, policy reform, prevention, and treatment and rehabilitation of torture survivors. The vast majority (94% of individual respondents and 84% of organizations) reported that the IP is important to their anti-torture work. A majority of individual (60%) and organizational (59%) respondents reported that updating or adding clarifications to the IP would help to address the challenges they face and provided specific suggestions. However, 41% of individuals and 21% of organizational respondents also reported concerns that additional IP norm setting could have negative consequences. Discussion: The IP provides critical guidance for a wide range of torture prevention, accountability, and redress activities and can be enhanced through the development of additional updates and clarifications to respond to the current needs of torture survivors and stakeholders.
Torture and Its Definition in International Law—An Interdisciplinary Approach, by Metin Başoğlu
Authors: Moreno Alejandro
Published: May 2019

Torture and Its Definition in International Law—An Interdisciplinary Approach was edited by Metin Başoğlu, and written by him and another sixteen experts in the medicolegal aspects of torture and cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment or punishment (CIDT/P). The book has 506 pages and 16 chapters, which are organised into four parts: “Behavioral Science Perspectives”; “International Law Perspectives”; “Enhanced Interrogation Techniques: Definitional Issues”; and “Discussion and Conclusions”. The book is for health, legal and human rights professionals, beyond just those just working with victims of torture and CIDT/P, and is of interest to those who work with victims of other violent crimes, such as child abuse, interpersonal abuse, and forced displacement. The book raises many important questions.
Capoeira Angola: An alternative intervention program for traumatized adolescent refugees from war-torn countries
Authors: Mom Shakeh , Coello Mariano , Pittaway Emma , Downham Russell , Aroche Jorge
Published: May 2019

Background: Following resettlement in Australia, young traumatized refugees often face social challenges, including language and cultural barriers and social adjustment, which can lead to behavioral difficulties. Providing support at this vulnerable stage is therefore vital for reducing future setbacks.Objective: The STARTTS Capoeira Angola program was developed to help traumatized adolescents successfully integrate into their school environments. As an Afro-Brazilian martial art that incorporates dance, Capoeira appeared an appropriate intervention for adolescent refugees due to its unique ethos of empowerment and group membership. Method: 32 refugeesfrom Middle Eastern and African countries (aged12-17) from the Intensive English Centre (IEC) department of the participant schools were assessed pre- and post- intervention using the Teacher’s Strengths and Difficulties Scale (SDQ). Teachers were also asked to observe the students’ functioning in a range of different situations at school. Results/conclusions: A significant overall decrease in behavioral problems was observed, which was associated with improvements in interpersonal skills, confidence, respect for self and others, self-discipline, and overall sense of responsibility.
The Dilemma of When to Stop Disease-Modifying Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Knox Katherine B. , Saini Aman , Levin Michael C.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Disease-modifying therapy (DMT) has changed the landscape of multiple sclerosis (MS) care. However, there is lack of consensus on the duration of treatment and the selection of individuals most likely to benefit from continued treatment. Current evidence, practice guidelines, health policy, and ethical considerations presented together may further inform challenging clinical decision making and future directions. The objectives of this study were to conduct a narrative review of original research and practice guideline recommendations on discontinuation of DMTs in MS; to collect information regarding Canadian regional reimbursement policies for DMT coverage in MS; and to present ethical considerations applicable to such decision making.

Methods:

A literature review was conducted of the MEDLINE/PubMed, OneFile (GALE), Scopus (Elsevier), and ProQuest Biological Science Collection databases. Data regarding Canadian regional reimbursement policies for DMT coverage in MS were collected from the ministry/government websites. Ethical considerations were reviewed in the context of the identified evidence, guidelines, and policies.

Results:

The literature lacks evidence from prospective randomized controlled trials that directly addresses the issue of discontinuation of DMTs in MS. Current practice guidelines advocate the vital role of patient choice in decision making. There are regional variations in Expanded Disability Status Scale criteria scores for continuing MS DMT coverage among Canadian provinces/territories.

Conclusions:

In the absence of strong evidence on discontinuation of DMTs, shared decision making and consideration of the ethical complexities could help in the decision-making process.
Satire, humour and parody in 21st Century Nigerian women’s poetry
Authors: Akpah Bartholomew Chizoba
Published: May 2019

21st century Nigerian women poets have continued to utilise the aesthetics of literary devices as linguistic and literary strategies to project feminist privations and values in their creative oeuvres. There has been marginal interest towards 21st century Nigerian women’s poetry and their deployment of artistic devices such as satire, humour and parody. Unequivocally, such linguistic and literary devices in imaginative works are deployed as centripetal force to criticise amidst laughter, the ills of female devaluation in the society. The major thrust of the study, therefore, is to examine how satire, humour and parody are deployed in selected Nigerian women’s poetry to reproach and etch the collective ethos of women’s experience in contemporary Nigerian society. The study utilises qualitative analytical approach in the close reading and textual analysis of the selected texts focusing mainly on the aesthetics of humour, satire and parody in challenging male chauvinism in contemporary Nigerian women’s poetry. Three long poems: “Nuptial Counsel”, “Sadiku’s Song” and “The Sweet, Sweet Mistress’ Tale” by Mabel Evweirhoma and Maria Ajima respectively were purposively selected. The choice of the selected poems hinges on the artistic vigour, especially the evoking of laughter, mockery and condemnation of hegemonic strictures through the use of satire, humour and parody. The paper employs Molara Ogundipe’s Stiwanism, an aspect of Feminist theory in the analysis of the selected poems. The poets have shown the interventions of humour, satire and parody as linguistic devices in condemning and highlighting peculiarities of women peonage in Nigeria.
Conversational humour in a Nigerian radio news programme: A case study of Lati inu aka aka Biodun/Kayode
Authors: Inya Blessing T. , Inya Onwu
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates the Generic Structure Potential (GSP) of Lati inu aka aka Biodun/Kayode (LIABK), a Nigerian secondary gatekeeping radio news programme, with the aim of indicating the stages of the genre where conversational humour typically occurs, and then it analyses humour types in the data through the neo-Gricean concept of untruthfulness and pragmatic act theory. The data for the study constitute a ten hour audio recording of Lati inu aka aka Biodun/Kayode from two radio stations in Ekiti and Ondo States, South-Western Nigeria. The GSP of LIABK is constituted by five obligatory elements: Opening (O), Advertisement (A), Pre-news Presentation (PnP), News Presentation (NP) and Closing (C). The genre-based expectations for O, PnP and C, and then NP are to provide entertainment and information to the listeners respectively. Thus, humour typically occurs in the O, PnP, and C stages of the programme, and rarely occurs in NP. Four humour types are indicated: song-as-humour, absurdity, joint fantasising and speaker-meaning-telic humour respectively. While song-as-humour resists being neatly categorised as autotelic humour, absurdity and joint fantasising are easily characterised as thus. The pragmatic act analysis reveals the incremental, sequential and co-constructed nature of the humour types. Furthermore, the pragmemes of entertainment and offering of opinion by the news presenters constitute the affordances or genre-based expectations that constrain the social activities that constitute LIABK. The study contributes to the scholarship on secondary gatekeeping in Nigeria broadcast media, conversational humour and pragmatics.
One text, two varieties of German: fruitful directions for multilingual humour in “translation”
Authors: Frank Mary Catherine
Published: May 2019

A heterolingual text is characterised by the presence of two or more different languages, or two or more varieties of the same language (Corrius & Zabalbeascoa 2011: 115). This article discusses possible methods of translating into English of a text containing two varieties of German: Ottokar Domma’s Der brave Schüler Ottokar [The Good Schoolboy Ottokar]. In these stories, about a schoolboy growing up in the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the 1960s, Domma creates a zone of friction between child narrator Ottokar’s everyday German and the language of GDR officialdom (“official discourse”). This article first shows that following a conventional method of translating a literary text into English does not allow this satire to be conveyed to the reader. It then presents two alternative translational methods — “thick” and creative — that demonstrate how it is helpful, indeed in some cases necessary, for the translator to adopt a broad understanding of “translation” in respect of texts that exploit multilingualism for humorous purposes. It is argued that methods of translating in which effect is privileged over form — which here included introducing multimodality — can serve well to open up heterolingual humour for speakers of other languages.
Evaluation of in-vitro methods to select effective streptomycetes against toxigenic fusaria
Authors: Colombo Elena Maria , Pizzatti Cristina , Kunova Andrea , Gardana Claudio , Saracchi Marco , Cortesi Paolo , Pasquali Matias
Published: May 2019

Biocontrol microorganisms are emerging as an effective alternative to pesticides. Ideally, biocontrol agents (BCAs) for the control of fungal plant pathogens should be selected by an in vitro method that is high-throughput and is predictive of in planta efficacy, possibly considering environmental factors, and the natural diversity of the pathogen. The purpose of our study was (1) to assess the effects ofFusariumstrain diversity (N= 5) and culture media (N= 6) on the identification of biological control activity ofStreptomycesstrains (N= 20) againstFusariumpathogens of wheat in vitro and (2) to verify the ability of our in vitro screening methods to simulate the activity in planta. Our results indicate that culture media,Fusariumstrain diversity, and their interactions affect the results of an in vitro selection by dual culture assay. The results obtained on the wheat-based culture media resulted in the highest correlation score (r= 0.5) with the in planta root rot (RR) inhibition, suggesting that this in vitro method was the best predictor of in planta performance of streptomycetes against Fusarium RR of wheat assessed as extension of the necrosis on the root. Contrarily, none of the in vitro plate assays using the media tested could appropriately predict the activity of the streptomycetes against Fusarium foot rot symptoms estimated as the necrosis at the crown level. Considering overall data of correlation, the activity in planta cannot be effectively predicted by dual culture plate studies, therefore improved in vitro methods are needed to better mimic the activity of biocontrol strains in natural conditions. This work contributes to setting up laboratory standards for preliminary screening assays ofStreptomycesBCAs against fungal pathogens.
A Discourse on Completely Regular Space
Authors: Gyampoh Samuel Amoh , Nkrumah Frank Kwarteng
Published: May 2019

This study is an investigation of some of the relationships which exist between various generalizations of completely regular spaces. The primary aim of the study is to look at the separation axioms and delve more into one of the claims about completely regular space; “Every completely regular space is a regular space as well”.
Enforcement of Access to Effective Technical Support Services in the Kenyan Solar Energy System
Authors: Mugo Jackbed Gakii , Muguthu Joseph N.
Published: May 2019

Energy is the prime mover of development cutting across industrialisation, manufacturing and residential consumption. Recently, Kenya, being ranked high among the most developed countries in Africa, has mapped way for embracement of renewable energy technology with increasing debate on sustainable development and environmental issues associated with fossil fuels, as the prime energy sources.

Generally, Kenya is making efforts to Scale - Up renewable energy programs via construction of stand-alone solutions as well as various types of mini - grids. However, a common problem cutting across all these consumers is quick failure of such projects with very little access to technical solutions or none at all. Substantial developments in solar energy in Kenya, as one of the renewable energy sources, has been mainly challenged by lack of effective capacity building and poor technical support. This cuts across both domestic systems as well as the most rising aspect of small and medium sized minigrids.

This paper aims at investigating the leading role of access to viable technical support services in mitigating solar energy adoption challenges. The paper focuses on challenges faced by small and medium sized consumers in search for technical advice and support prior to purchase, during installation and after purchase and installation stages. The research conducted survey via questionnaries, analyzed data obtained, identified technical support factors in order of priority and gives adaptable recommendation for the state in ensuring that solar projects are sustainable and that customers find value for their money.
Semi‐Liquid‐Metal‐(Ni‐EGaIn)‐Based Ultraconformable Electronic Tattoo
Authors: Guo Rui , Sun Xuyang , Yao Siyuan , Duan Minghui , Wang Hongzhang , Liu Jing , Deng Zhongshan
Published: May 2019

Because of its seamless skin interface, electronic skin has attracted increasing attention in the field of biomedical sensors and medical devices. Most electronic skins are based on organic or inorganic electronic materials. However, the low flexibility of inorganic materials and the limited conductivity of organic materials restricts their widespread use. A new approach is reported to fabricate electronic tattoos from Ni‐EGaIn, which has high conductivity (1.61 × 106 S m−1) and human‐skin compliance. This time‐effective and low‐cost method is mainly based on the adhesion selectivity of semi‐liquid metal (Ni‐EGaIn) on skin and polymethacrylate glue. Light‐emitting diode arrays, temperature sensors, heaters, and surface electrodes are successfully printed onto skin, and their function in monitoring, diagnosis, and medical treatment is demonstrated. Moreover, a human–machine interface is fabricated using this technique to fully bridge the gap between a human and an electronic circuit. This novel strategy not only provides an ultraconformable interface for use in biomedicine but also represents a path towards personal customization of electronic devices.
Parcellation of the human hippocampus based on gray matter volume covariance: Replicable results on healthy young adults
Authors: Ge Ruiyang , Kot Paul , Liu Xiang , Lang Donna J. , Wang Jane Z. , Honer William G. , Vila‐Rodriguez Fidel
Published: May 2019

The hippocampus is a key brain region that participates in a range of cognitive and affective functions, and is involved in the etiopathogenesis of numerous neuropsychiatric disorders. The structural complexity and functional diversity of the hippocampus suggest the existence of structural and functional subdivisions within this structure. For the first time, we parcellated the human hippocampus with two independent data sets, each of which consisted of 198 T1‐weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) images of healthy young subjects. The method was based on gray matter volume (GMV) covariance, which was quantified by a bivariate voxel‐to‐voxel linear correlation approach, as well as a multivariate masked independent component analysis approach. We subsequently interrogated the relationship between the GMV covariance patterns and the functional connectivity patterns of the hippocampal subregions using sMRI and resting‐state functional MRI (fMRI) data from the same participants. Seven distinct GMV covariance‐based subregions were identified for bilateral hippocampi, with robust reproducibility across the two data sets. We further demonstrated that the structural covariance patterns of the hippocampal subregions had a correspondence with the intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of these subregions. Together, our results provide a topographical configuration of the hippocampus with converging structural and functional support. The resulting subregions may improve our understanding of the hippocampal connectivity and functions at a subregional level, which provides useful parcellations and masks for future neuroscience and clinical research on the structural and/or functional connectivity of the hippocampus.
The No Act Objection
Authors: Rosenqvist Simon ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2019

Coordination games show that all individuals can do what is right according to act-consequentialism, even if they do not bring about the best outcome as a group. This creates two problems for act-consequentialism. First, it cannot accommodate the intuition that there is some moral failure in these cases. Second, its formulation as a criterion of rightness conflicts with the underlying act-consequentialist concern that the best outcome is brought about. The collectivist view solves these problems by holding that any group of two or more individual agents, and only individual agents, is a collective agent who itself can act rightly or wrongly. When such a collective agent does what is wrong, there is a moral failure. When all collective agents do what is right, the best outcome is brought about. In this paper, I defend the collectivist view against the No Act Objection, according to which the doings of many so called disunified collectives are not acts.
Functional expression of theSpodoptera exiguachitinase to examine the virtually screened inhibitor candidates
Authors: Zhang L. , Guan Z. , Pan Z. , Ge H. , Zhou D. , Xu J. , Zhang W.
Published: May 2019

Chitinase is responsible for insect chitin hydrolyzation, which is a key process in insect molting and pupation. However, little is known about the chitinase ofSpodoptera exigua(SeChi). In this study, based on theSeChi gene (ADI24346) identified in our laboratory, we constructed the recombinant baculovirus P-Chi for the expression of recombinantSeChi (rSeChi) in Hi5 cells. The rSeChi was purified by chelate affinity chromatography, and the purified protein showed activity comparable with that of a commercialSgChi, suggesting that we harvested activeSeChi for the first time. The purified protein was subsequently tested for enzymatic properties and revealed to exhibit its highest activity at pH 8 and 40 C. Using homology modeling and molecular docking techniques, the three-dimensional model ofSeChi was constructed and screened for inhibitors. In two rounds of screening, twenty compounds were selected. With the purified rSeChi, we tested each of the twenty compounds for inhibitor activity against rSeChi, and seven compounds showed obvious activity. This study provided new information for the chitinase of beet armyworm and for chitinase inhibitor development.
Hermeneutics and Tradition: the Role of the Past in Jurisprudence and Theology
Authors: Cady Linell E.
Published: May 2019

The current disarray within the field of theology is readily apparent to anyone having even a cursory acquaintance with the issues and problems that have generated the most intense discussions during the past decade. Although substantive issues continue to elicit divergent perspectives, problems of method have increasingly come to the fore in theological discussion. The historical roots of this methodological crisis in theology have been long in the making. Whether one calls it the “eclipse of biblical narrative” with Hans Frei, the collapse of the “house of authority” as Edward Farley does, or the emergence of “theology as imaginative construction” as Gordon Kaufman does, theology is experiencing a radical revolution in the criteria and warrants which characterize persuasive argumentation. Put briefly, there is a growing sentiment that theology can no longer invoke authorities to buttress its claims but must make its case in a public forum without privileged warrants. Appeals to Scripture, tradition, or institutional decrees lack the sanction once accorded them.
AlaktuandHalakhahOracular Decision, Divine Revelation
Authors: Abusch I. Tzvi
Published: May 2019

This paper contains some thoughts about words. It is a modest undertaking and is meant to do no more than elaborate upon and set forth the reasoning underlying a proposal that I advanced some years ago regarding the meaning of Akkadianalaktuand its relation to the Jewish terms Hebrewhălāḵāand Aramaichilḵĕṯā. In preparing this paper, I have had before me two distinct goals and have, accordingly, divided the paper into two separate sections. First, I try to establish an additional (and thus far unnoticed) set of meanings foralaktu(= Sumerian a.rá) and to track this meaning especially whenalaktuappears in combination with the verblamādu. Then, turning tohalakhah, I set out some of the implications of our inner Assyriological examination for the origin of the Hebrew and Aramaic termshălāḵāandhilḵĕṯā. In doing so, I register my dissent from a previous proposal of a particular Akkadian term (ilku) as the source of the wordhalakhah, and present a set of alternative hypotheses as to the derivation of the Jewish terms. The opinions expressed about evenalaktuare tentative and in need of further refinement, and our thoughts on the relation ofalaktuandhalakhahremain perforce in the realm of conjecture.
“Coase Theorem”, Competitive Market and Products Liability Law
Authors: Gilead Israel
Published: May 2019

According to the famous “Coase Theorem”, market forces, under given conditions, will automatically, without any external intervention, bring about an efficient allocation of resources. These conditions, necessary for the smooth operation of the “invisible hand” which leads to efficiency, are denoted as “absence of transaction costs”, as the presence of transaction costs may impede this desired process. The main legal implication outlined by Coase is that absent transaction cost, there is no need, and no place, from an efficiency point of view, for liability rules: resource allocation would be the same either with or without them. An act which is efficient will be carried out despite a liability rule which imposes the burden of compensation on the actor. On the other hand, an inefficient act will be barred by market forces without the help of liability rules.
Urgent Relief in Italian Civil Procedure
Authors: Carpi Federico
Published: May 2019

Urgent relief imposes two basic requirements which influence both the procedure and the structure of the trial in which it is applied: avoiding prejudice and, in order to avoid prejudice, deviating from the general rules of procedure.

As Calamandrei rightly noted in his fundamental work of 1936 (recently reprinted), the duration of the ordinary suit can lead to the danger that measures taken will be both useless and tardy. This is not a new viewpoint: it was a valid dictum in the Roman trial that “Si periculum est in mora, receditur a regulis iuris communis”.

The thing which is new in our times is the consciousness in democratic legal systems that the judicial protection of rights and legitimate interests is not effective unless it is quickly obtainable. This observation applies to ordinary commercial rights, but above all it applies to non-commercial ones, for example rights of the person and his liberty. In other words, the time factor has become a vital one in guaranteeing and effecting access to justice.

It is well known that the United States Constitution establishes the right to a speedy trial. Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights similarly states that everyone has the right to have his case decided “dans un d61ai raisonable”.
Computer Legislation in Israel: A Proposal Being Developed by the Ministry of Justice
Authors: Bar-Sela Yoram
Published: May 2019

It is an indisputable fact that since the 1950's, the computer has assumed so central a place in our society that it is already difficult to visualize our society living and functioning without its assistance. And from the earliest period of the computer's development, it has been clear that this major addition to our society presents the legal world with new legal problems. Another aspect of this phenomenon is that as it became increasingly clear that the legal world was going to have to cope with these new problems, our legal community tended to produce more questions than answers.
Preventing Price Fixing by Israeli Banks: Antitrust Rules in Settlement of a Criminal Case
Authors: Kestenbaum Lionel
Published: May 2019

Israel's Restrictive Trade Practices Law, 1959, after a period of relative quiescence, appears to have become the subject of significant enforcement efforts. A major event reflecting this development was the filing of criminal charges against the country's four leading banks (and a top executive of each) in mid-1984 for illegally combining to fix interest rates paid on negotiable certificates of deposit. The prosecution was eventually resolved early in 1986 by a plea bargain which included another major event – the first negotiation of remedial rules of conduct to prevent future violations (hereinafter the “Bank Rules” or “Rules”), which were hailed by the chief enforcement official, the Controller of Restrictive Practices, as adding an efficient and highly important tool to enforcement of the Law.

The Bank Rules are similar to the consent decrees familiar to United States antitrust law. Indeed, the parties and the Chairman of the Restrictive Trade Practices Board, retired Supreme Court Justice D. Bechor, explicitly recognized and discussed the relevance of United States precedents in the proceedings which produced the Bank Rules. Just as the bank case has heightened awareness of the Law, so adoption of the Rules is probably a harbinger of remedies to come. The Bank Rules are thus of considerable practical relevance to counsel concerned with commercial contracts and practices as well as of general interest to those following the international diffusion of antitrust ideas.
The Operational and Normative Aspects of Treaties
Authors: Reuter Paul
Published: May 2019

There are two aspects to a treaty. On the one hand, it constitutes a procedure, an operation whereby several minds meet and, if necessary, meet again to review, amend or even abolish the commitments contained in the treaty; on the other hand, it describes and establishes rights and duties, defines individual situations, or lays down general rules. In the language of continental jurists a treaty is at the same time a “legal transaction” and a “collection of norms”. Consequently, it is possible to distinguish in the articles of the treaty between those containing provisions pertaining to the mechanism of the legal transaction, which may be termed its “operational rules”, and those containing rules of content, which may also be called—to borrow from the language of private international law—“rules of substantive law”.
Legal Aspects Concerning the Installation of the First Nuclear Missiles on Belgian Soil
Authors: De Visscher Paul
Published: May 2019

During 1985, the Belgian political climate was suddenly disturbed by the announcement of the installation of 16 cruise missiles on the soil of the peaceful city of Florennes. In comparison with the world-wide concern about what the proliferation of intermediate range nuclear weapons means for world peace, the debate which took place in Belgium concerning 16 missiles could seem somewhat ridiculous. However, this debate appeared to us to represent a growing state of mind becoming widely felt in Western Europe, and it contains sufficient legal aspects to make it the object of this present article by which we join in honouring our eminent colleague and friend, Prof. Nathan Feinberg.

On the 12th of December 1979, the North Atlantic Council unanimously adopted the “double decision”. On the one hand, this decision dealt with the installation of 572 nuclear missiles in Western Europe and, on the other, with the intensification of negotiations with the USSR, with the aim to reach agreement on the reduction of armaments.
The Onomasticon Arabicum
Authors: Bonebakker Seeger , Hayes John
Published: May 2019

For several years, there has been at the University of California at Los Angeles a chapter of the Onomasticon Arabicum, an international project whose goal is the collection of data from Arabic biographical dictionaries and the storing and retrieval of these data by computer. What follows is a brief outline of the project and its history.
Effects of Tillage on Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia) Interference with Soybeans (Glycine max) and Soil Water Use
Authors: Banks Philip A. , Tripp Timothy N. , Wells Jerry W. , Hammel John E.
Published: May 2019

Field experiments were conducted during 1980, 1981, and 1982 to evaluate the effect of tillage and sicklepod density on sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. # CASOB) interference with soybeans [Glycine max(L.) Merr.] and soil water use. In the absence of sicklepod, soybean yields were similar in nontilled plots covered with a straw mulch and in conventionally tilled plots with no mulch in all years. In the presence of sicklepod, higher soybean yields were obtained with the non-tilled-mulched plots than with the tilled plots at corresponding sicklepod densities and sicklepod fresh weights. Early soil water loss was greater in the tilled plots with increasing sicklepod density causing lower soil water content in both tillage treatments. Soil water depletion was greater in the no-till treatments during the soybean pod-filling stage.
The Germination and Viability of Excreted Common Crupina (Crupina vulgaris) Achenes
Authors: Thill Donald C. , Zamora David L. , Kambitsch Donald L.
Published: May 2019

Research was conducted to determine percentage excretion and germination or viability of common crupina (Crupina vulgarisCass. # CJNVU) achenes fed to sheep (Ovis aries), cattle (Bos taurus), deer (Odocoileus hemionus), horses (Equus cabullus), and Chinese pheasants (Phasianus colchicus). No achenes were found in the feces of sheep. Horses (nonruminant), deer, and cows (both ruminant animals) excreted 5, 3, and 25%, respectively, of the achenes consumed. The mean percentage achene excretion for pheasants was 23%; however, excretion was highly variable among individuals. All achenes excreted by any test species were detected within 5 days after consumption. The percentage germination or viability of excreted achenes ranged from 29% (cows) to 81% (deer). The percentage of consumed achenes that were excreted and viable ranged from 2 to 7% for large animals, whereas it was 17% for pheasants.