bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weight Regain Following Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Morbid Obesity
Authors:   Surgery Department, Bolon Medical College, Quetta, Pakistan., Ddin Allau , Siddiq Ghulam ,   Surgery Department, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan., Khan Muhammad Sohaib ,   Surgery Department, Shifa Tameer- e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan., Rehman Gulalai ,   Nutrition Department, Baluchistan Institute of Nephro-Urology, Quetta, Pakistan., Zahid Tehreem ,   Research Department, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Background: Sleeve gastrectomy is the common bariatric procedure done for morbid obesity, but there are limited studies available, specifically from South Asia. In Pakistan, no such study has been done before. Objective: The main outcome of the study was Excess weight loss (EWL) and Weight Regain (WR) after Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and to see improvement in co-morbid associated with morbid obesity. Materials and Methods: The patients who underwent Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for morbid obesity were analyzed retrospectively. From June 2017 to June 2019, in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. Patients whose BMI exceeds 40 kg/m² or falls between 35-39 kg/m² accompanied by one or more comorbidities, and have undergone at least three years of follow-up. Redo procedures of LSG were excluded. Data was obtained from patients’ charts and hospital database, and last follow-ups were done by telephonic survey. Result: In 171 patients 56.72% were female. Mean BMI was 48.5kg/m2. %EWL was 77.90% and total body weight loss was (% TBWL ) 39.48. Weight regain WR was 25.7 %, Regain of > 25%EWL was 14%. Increase in BMI >5/kgm2 was 17.5%. DM remission was 70% (28 pts) while in 30% (12) improved. Hypertension in 54.28% (38) pts improved and in 45.71% (32) hypertension completely resolved. Obstructive sleep apnea was resolved completely by 93.6 % (44). Osteoarthritis improved (by 78.4 %). GERD was developed in vivo in 14% of patients postoperatively. Lap chole for symptomatic gall stones was done in 9.35% of post-lap sleeve gastrectomy patients during follow-up. Conclusion: Weight regain after sleeve gastrectomy was significant but still the post-operative co-morbid remission was promising.
The Prevalence of Migraine Headache and the Health-Seeking Behavior of Medical Undergraduates in Punjab
Authors:   Department of Community Medicine, Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot, Pakistan., Bokhari Noreen Maqbool , Khalid Ayesha ,   Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan., Khalid Fatima ,   Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Akhtar Saeed Medical & Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan., Azhar Ayma ,   Department of Medical Education, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan., Arif Muhammad Maaz ,   Department of Medical Education, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan., Hassan Hammad ,   Department Science of Dental Materials, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Background: Neurological headaches have been on the rise recently; among these, migraine is the most common. Younger individuals are more prone to this, and it affects their quality of life to a great extent. Objective: To identify the prevalence, specific characteristics, and relieving factors of migraine as well as the healthcare-seeking practice among undergraduate medical students of Punjab. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted on undergraduate medical students of Punjab from June to September 2021. Convenience sampling was used to select 150 students. A validated questionnaire assessed the prevalence of migraine headaches, symptoms, and relieving factors. Result: The females reported a higher prevalence, 78.57%, than males. Of all the types observed, 67.74% suffered from migraines, 22% suffered from tension headaches, and 9.8% had cluster and other headaches. The prevalence of headaches was most significant among subjects aged 20 to 2 years (37.93%). The top three symptoms experienced before the start of the migraine were disturbance from lights, disturbance by sound, and mood swings. The top three symptoms experienced during migraine were disturbance from light, difficulty in concentration, and irritation from sound. The top three relieving factors were rest, sleep, quietness, and massage. Conclusion: Migraine is more prevalent in females than males, especially younger adults. Proper sleep/rest, avoiding stress, noise, regular exercise, and healthy lifestyles can significantly prevent migraine headaches. Disturbance from light was the most common symptom experienced before and during headaches. The most common relievers were rest and sleep.
Effect of Punctuated Lectures on Undergraduate Nursing Students Classroom Learning: A Mixed Methods Design
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Shifa College of Nursing, Islamabad, Pakistan., Iqbal Nafisa , Sultan Bushra ,   Department of Nursing, Shifa College of Nursing, Islamabad, Pakistan., Hajira Bibi ,   Department of Nursing, Shifa College of Nursing, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Background: The punctuated lecture is the teaching learning strategy which can promote interactive and student centered learning activities to enhance their learning. Implementing punctuated lecture can enhance student engagement in learning activities. This can positively impact their learning. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of punctuated lecture strategy on undergraduate nursing students’ tests scores. To explore the perceptions of students’ regarding the process of punctuated lectures. Materials and Methods: A mixed methods embedded design was conducted. A quasi-experimental post-test design was used with 102 under- graduate students from the private college of nursing, Islamabad. The study duration was from October, 2020-July, 2021. Punctuated lectures were applied as an intervention in three different nursing courses (Pathophysiology, Mental Health Nursing, Teaching and Learning) by selecting five topics each. After 20 minutes of session, the experimental group was asked to write reflection and feedback, and control group was involved in group discussion. Reflection and feedback, and post-test scores were used for analysis. Result: The overall mean learning scores were higher in the experimental group in comparison to the control group (6.42 ± 2.32 versus 4.91±2.73) with a statistically significant p-value =0.001. By analysis of reflection and feedback, two categories and subcategories were identified. Conclusion: It is concluded that punctuated lecture method is beneficial for improving learning outcomes and helping students to develop an interest in learning, clear their concepts, increase knowledge, and retain information. Nurse educators can implement punctuated lecture strategy to improve classroom learning outcomes.
Trend of Infectious Disease Positivity in Exchange and Voluntary Blood Donors at Regional Blood Centre, Karachi
Authors:   Blood Transfusion Department, Regional Blood Centre, Karachi, Pakistan., Waheed Samra , Khan Muhammad Sarwar ,   Administration Department, Regional Blood Centre, Karachi, Pakistan., Qamar Shumaila ,   Quality Control Department, Regional Blood Centre, Karachi, Pakistan., Shah Syeda Madiha ,   Blood Transfusion Department, Regional Blood Centre, Karachi, Pakistan., Rafiq Erum ,   Blood Transfusion Department, Regional Blood Centre, Karachi, Pakistan.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Background: Pakistan has a high prevalence of hepatitis and increasing prevalence of HIV, these infections imply a serious risk to the health of those who need blood transfusions. As blood donors are generally considered as the healthy population, assessing the risk of these silent killers in the blood donors can overall help in understanding the potential impact of these infections on the general population. Objective: As the TTI prevalence is increasing rapidly in our region, it is much needed to take necessary actions for its prevention. The first step should be the actual frequency of these TTI’s in healthy blood donors, so our study aimed to identify the positive ratio of Hep B, Hep C, HIV, malaria and syphilis in exchange and voluntary blood donors, their comparison and need of effective testing. Materials and Methods: It is a retrospective analysis in which all the data is taken from BBMIS software and analyzed by SPSS version 23. We included 56732 donors from 2020-2022. Screening of Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C and HIV was done by Chemoimmunoliscence (CLIA) whereas ICT based screening was done for Syphilis and Malaria. Result: Among donors, 50147 (88.4%) were exchange while 6585 (11.6%) were voluntary donors. The frequency of HCV was 3.1% followed by HbsAg (2.3%) and syphilis (1.6%), HIV 0.3% and the least was malaria 0.2%. As 88% of the donors were exchange, TTI positivity was also more in them. Conclusion: The prevalence of TTI in donors of RBC Karachi is worrysome. It highlights the fact of Nucleic Acid testing significance. Though CLIA is a sensitive technique, 100% safety of blood products requires the implication of Nucleic Acid testing, moreover the implication of voluntary blood donation should also be considered significantly.
Equisetum diffusummethanol extract attenuates RA by modulating the expression of key biomarkers like COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, PPAR-γ, and Iκβ in Adjuvant-induced rats.
Authors: Sarkar Sourav , Modak Debabrata , Roy Sudipta Kumar , Ashraf Gouhar Jahan , Chakrabarty Ayan , Sahu Ranabir , Bhattacharjee Soumen
Published: October 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with subsequent damage to the bone joints. Equisetum diffusum D. Don, from the Equisetaceaefamily, is a native pteridophyte species of the sub-Himalayan region of India and has been reported to have a diverse array of pharmacological properties. The present research is focused on determining the anti-arthritic potential of E. diffusum whole plant methanol extract (EDME) in adjuvant-induced arthritic rats. Treatment with EDME significantly restored paw-edema, arthritic scoring, and normal body weight. EDME treatment also normalized the haematological, biochemical, radiological, and histological status when compared to the arthritic control rats. The methanol extract significantly (p<0.05) attenuated arthritis progression by downregulating the gene expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, like COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6, and upregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory mediators PPAR-γ, Iκβ in a dose-dependent manner. Significantly, EDME also reduced the serum concentration of COX-2, TNF-α, and IL-6 compared to arthritic control rats (p<0.05). The treatment with EDME also normalized the oxidative stress level in liver by restoring the GSH level, CAT and SOD activities and reducing the elevated MDA level. HPTLC and LC-MS/MS analyses of EDME confirmed the presence of potent polyphenols (chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid) and flavonoids (kaempferol), thereby suggesting the anti-arthritic property of the plant. All our findings established the anti-arthritic potential of E. diffusumextract in chronic arthritis model on a strong ground.
Optimized simple culture protocol for inducing mature myotubes from MYOD1-overexpressed human iPS cells
Authors: Wada Eiji , Susumu Nao , Okuzaki Yuya , Hotta Akitsu , Sakurai Hidetoshi , Hayashi Yukiko
Published: October 2024

The forced expression system of MYOD1, a master gene for myogenic differentiation, can efficiently and rapidly reproduce muscle differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Despite these advantages of the MYOD1 overexpression system, developed myotubes are relatively immature and do not recapitulate several aspects of striated muscle fibers. Here, we developed a simple optimized protocol using an alternative culture medium for maximizing the advantages of the MYOD1 overexpression system, and successfully improved the formation of multinucleated mature myotubes within 10 days. In this study, we generated hiPSCs derived from healthy donors and an individual with congenial muscular dystrophy caused by LMNA mutation (laminopathy), and compared disease-associated phenotypes in differentiated myotubes generated by the conventional method and by our new optimized culture method. Using our optimized method, abnormal myonuclear shape was pronounced in the patient-derived iPSCs. In addition, abnormal accumulation of the nuclear membrane protein emerin was observed in LMNA-mutant hiPSCs. Our new culture method is expected to be widely applicable as a MYOD1 overexpression model of hiPSC-derived skeletal muscle cells for the analysis of a variety of muscle diseases.
Ghrelin ameliorates cognitive deficits and restores dopamine responses to external stimuli in the PFC via D1 receptor signaling in Mecp2 KO mice, a mouse model for Rett syndrome
Authors: Kawahara Yukie , Ohnishi Yoshinori , Takahashi Tomoyuki , Kishikawa Yuki , Yuge Kotaro , Kawahara Hiroshi , Yamashita Yushiro , Matsuishi Toyojiro , Nishi Akinori
Published: October 2024

Rett syndrome is an X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by cognitive impairments along with sensory and motor deficits. Ghrelin is known to improve cognitive function in various animal models with cognitive deficits. Optimum activation of dopamine D1 receptor signaling in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays a critical role in cognitive performance. In this study, we investigated the effects of ghrelin on cognitive function and D1 receptor-mediated dopamine neurotransmission in the PFC of Mecp2 knockout (KO) mice, a mouse model for Rett syndrome. In the modified novel object recognition test, cognitive function was impaired in Mecp2 KO mice, and ghrelin injection (8.6 µg/mouse, s.c.) improved the cognition of objects and investigatory behaviors. In in vivo microdialysis studies, external stimuli such as saline injection and novelty induced increases in dopamine levels in the PFC of wild-type mice, and the dopamine release was bidirectionally regulated by D1 receptors. In the PFC of Mecp2 KO mice, the dopamine responses to external stimuli were attenuated and the dopamine reuptake system was upregulated. Pharmacological analyses revealed that the ability of D1 receptor signaling to inhibit dopamine release would be upregulated and/or its ability to stimulate dopamine release would be downregulated in Mecp2 KO mice. Ghrelin injection restored dopamine responses to external stimuli by adjusting the altered function of D1 receptor signaling. These results suggest that the ability of ghrelin to restore dopamine neurotransmission via D1 receptor-mediated mechanisms likely contributes to its therapeutic effects on cognitive deficits in Mecp2 KO mice.
Green synthesis of zeolite and its regeneration for adsorption of ammonia nitrogen in water
Authors: Cheng Jie , Liu Junjie , Zhang Ze , Wang Jing , Bi Shiming , Tang Xiaojun , Huang Zhujian
Published: October 2024

This study presents a novel green approach for the preparation of zeolite material from fly ash using a combination of mechanochemical method. Compared to traditional methods, this approach reduces energy consumption, minimizes reagent usage, and facilitates the efficient recycling of fly ash. The physicochemical properties of the synthesized zeolite, including crystal structure and porosity, were systematically investigated. The synthesized zeolite was employed for the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen from aqueous solutions, and their adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were comprehensively studied. The results revealed that the adsorption of ammonia nitrogen onto the zeolite follows the Langmuir adsorption model. Additionally, the zeolite exhibited strong selective adsorption and remarkable resistance to interference from coexisting cations in the aqueous solution. Finally, regeneration experiments were conducted using NaCl, NaClO, and their mixtures to desorb ammonia nitrogen from the spent zeolite. A total of 17 regeneration cycles were performed until the adsorption capacity of the zeolites was exhausted. The adsorption performance of the regenerated zeolite was evaluated to assess the impact of different reagents and regeneration cycles on adsorption efficiency. The optimal regeneration method was identified, leading to the successful valorization of fly ash into zeolite for ammonia adsorption and the development of effective regeneration strategies for spent zeolite.
Long-Term Real-Life Outcomes of Vitrectomy and Air Tamponade for Primary Retinal Detachment Repair
Authors: Mete Maurizio , Maggio Emilia , Prigione Guido , Bruni Enrico , Maraone Giorgia , Tripodi Sarah , Santis Nicoletta , Guerriero Massimo , Pertile Grazia
Published: October 2024

Purpose
To report outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with air tamponade for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and investigate the impact of vitreous cortex remnants (VCR) on surgical outcomes.
Methods
A retrospective review of 900 patients treated for uncomplicated primary RRD between 2007 and 2020. Exclusion criteria included axial length > 26 mm, prior retinal surgery, giant retinal tear, PVR grade > B, and inadequate follow-up. Primary outcomes were retinal reattachment rate and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).
Results
Of 900 patients, 397 met inclusion criteria. Primary reattachment rate was 88.4%, with significant BCVA improvement. Forty-six eyes experienced RRD recurrence. Complications included cataracts (38.8%), IOP rise (11.4%), and macular edema (8.3%). Better final BCVA was associated with preoperative macular non-involvement and absence of reinterventions. No significant association was found between RRD recurrence and various factors, including VCR removal.
Conclusion
Air tamponade is a safe and effective option for primary RRD treatment. It has no negative effect on the environment and creates less discomfort for patients. VCR removal did not significantly reduce RRD recurrence in the overall number of cases. Further research will help determine the role of VCR in RD recurrence and define in which cases their removal might be beneficial.
Inhibition or promotion? The effects of executive power on R&D investment
Authors: Zuo Xuelian , Luo Shiwen , Zhou Ting
Published: October 2024

This study explored executive power’s influence on corporate R&D investment based on social psychology theory. It also examined the impact of media attention and institutional environment on the relationship between executive power and enterprise R&D investment as an external governance mechanism. Empirical verification was carried out using data on listed companies on China's small and medium-sized board and growth enterprise market from 2013 to 2018. The results show a significant positive correlation between executive power and corporate R&D investment. Further research reveals that ownership power, organizational power, and reputational power significantly promote enterprises’ R&D investments. Expert power has no significant impact on R&D investment. In enterprises with lower media attention, the influence of executive power on R&D investment is more significant. In enterprises with a poorer institutional environment, the influence of executive power on R&D investment is more significant.
Post-traumatic growth experiences of parents of children with congenital deafness: a qualitative study
Authors: Wu Ting , Zhu Chencheng , Zhang Chunjing , Liu Pei , Cui Yuanyuan , Zhang Biaoxin
Published: October 2024

Background
Hearing disability is the most common of the five major disabilities in China, and hearing disability seriously affects human health and quality of life. A child's diagnosis of deafness is an intensely traumatic event for parents, who have to bear multiple pressures and burdens in the process of caring for their child. However, it is crucial for parents to draw good meanings from the traumatic incident and to create new insights into life, which is important for their own physical and mental health and that of their child.
Methods
Using purposive sampling, 15 parents of congenitally deaf children admitted to the Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of a tertiary-level hospital in Hefei City from April to July 2023 were selected for semi-structured interviews, and Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method was applied to analyze the data and refine the themes.
Results
Six main themes and fourteen sub-themes were summarized in this study: (1) changes in outlook on life, (2) enhancement of health concepts, (3) increased personal strength, (4) change in relationships with others, (5) perceived social support, and (6) positive coping styles.
Conclusion
Parents of children with congenital deafness can experience multifaceted growth in the process of caregiving. Medical staff should pay full attention to the psychological experience of parents of children with congenital deafness, explore their strengths and potentials, increase the degree of social support, and promote coping positively with the level of post-traumatic growth, to enhance the quality of care and the rehabilitation effect of the children.
Impulsivity and Antisocial Behavior in Sports: The Moderating Role of Self-Control
Authors: Lu Congsheng , Shi Bing
Published: October 2024

Impulsivity, often defined as the propensity to act hastily without thoroughly weighing the consequences, is a recognized contributor to antisocial behavior. However, the mechanisms that might mitigate the influence of impulsivity on antisocial tendencies remain unclear. Across two studies, we tested the proposition that self-control moderates this relationship, such that high levels of self-control diminish the connection between impulsivity and antisocial behavior. Study 1, a cross-sectional analysis with 225 professional basketball players, and Study 2, a six-month longitudinal study with 349 professional athletes from various sports, provided evidence supporting this hypothesis. Specifically, the link between impulsivity and antisocial behavior was either negligible (Study 1) or significantly reduced (Study 2) in the presence of stronger self-control. The findings suggest the value of integrating self-control techniques in physical activity contexts to potentially curb antisocial behavior.
Gut microbiota, lipids, immunity, and liver disease: Insights from Mendelian Randomization and murine models
Authors: Lei Langhuan , lin jiali , liang qiuyu , huang xiaozhi , yang xing , shi wei , pan liuxian , li wei , Yang Jianrong
Published: October 2024

Liver diseases, including NAFLD and cirrhosis, are significant health issues. This study used Mendelian Randomization (MR) to identify causal links between gut microbiota, lipidomes, immunophenotypes, inflammatory factors, and liver diseases, while also evaluating the therapeutic potential of Lactobacillus salivarius in NAFLD murine models. Summary statistics from GWAS for gut microbiota traits, lipidome components, immune cell counts, inflammatory cytokines, and liver disease traits were analyzed. MR analysis identified causal relationships, with sensitivity analyses confirming the results. Notable findings included 53 gut microbiota taxa, 28 lipidome components, 92 immune cell types, and 8 cytokines linked to liver diseases. Key taxa like Megamonas funiformis increased liver disease risk, while phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were protective. Immune markers such as CD33 on CD33dim HLA-DR- correlated with higher risk, while CD3 on CD39 + resting Tregs and LIF/LIF-R were protective. In vivo, Lactobacillus salivarius treatment significantly improved metabolic and hepatic parameters. The study emphasizes the causal role of gut microbiota and related factors in liver diseases and highlights Lactobacillus salivarius as a promising therapeutic option for NAFLD.
The Mechanistical Principles and Engineering Application of Top- Cutting for Roadway Protection in Advance of the Working Face
Authors: Li Zhaotai , Zhou Yuejin , Xu Xiaoding , Xiao Yuhang , Xu Yunong
Published: October 2024

In coal mining operations, it is often challenging to control the deformation of the roadway in front of the working face. The excessive stress from the surrounding rock of the working face and the difficulties in caving the goaf roof have led to a prominent factor that hinders safe and efficient production in coal mines. For this reason, a mechanical model of the stress field in the advance roadway of the working face is established, and the stress evolution law of the surrounding rock before and after cutting the roof of the roadway is analyzed. Key parameters such as cutting depth, cutting angle, and hole spacing are determined through theoretical calculation, numerical simulation with 3DEC numerical software, and field testing. A kind of roof cutting and pressure relief techniques (TCPAF) for enhanced roadway safeguarding in advance mining face is proposed, and its effectiveness is verified through field testing. The results indicate that the stress on the low-stress side of the leading roadway remains slightly increased, while on the high-stress side, stress decreases significantly,optimizing the stress environment of the surrounding rock. In addition, the research results provide a scientific basis for similar conditions of roadway deformation.
Mechanism of anti-reflective crack extension of glass fiber grating validated through finite element simulation
Authors: Bai Wenjun
Published: October 2024

In highway maintenance, asphalt overlays are commonly employed to enhance the performance of aging asphalt pavements. Over time, joints and cracks in the old pavement, particularly those involving horizontal displacement, tend to propagate as reflection cracks. Fiberglass grids are extensively used to mitigate or prevent these reflective cracks due to their beneficial properties. However, existing indoor evaluation methods for reflection cracks face several limitations, including large specimen geometries, poor operability, significant variability in fatigue test results, and inadequate simulation of real traffic conditions with monotonous loading and single-indicator evaluations. To address these issues, this study designed a new test method for evaluating the anti-reflective cracking performance of fiberglass grating. The developed method aimed to rationally select appropriate fiberglass grating and elucidate the reflective crack propagation process in the cover layer. A novel index, termed the “destruction rate,” was introduced to assess the performance of fiberglass grating against reflective cracking. The study investigated the role of fiberglass grating in crack propagation and the underlying mechanisms. The Superpave rotary compaction method was employed to measure the volumetric parameters of the mixture, while indirect tensile strength, resilience modulus, and creep tests were conducted to determine the mixture's basic parameters. Composite specimens, with a maximum dimension of 150 mm, were evaluated using the new index “destruction rate” to characterize the performance of fiberglass grating during fatigue tests. The crack expansion mechanism was analyzed using HMA fracture mechanics and subsequently simulated and validated using ABAQUS finite element software. The results indicated that the destruction rate effectively characterized the anti-reflective crack performance of fiberglass grating and that composite specimens helped reduce variability in fatigue test results. This approach provided valuable support for evaluating grating performance and conducting theoretical research. HMA fracture mechanics calculations revealed that the destruction of the grating preceded that of the asphalt overlay layer, with reliable predictions of anti-reflective crack performance confirmed through ABAQUS finite element simulations.
Conservation agriculture enhances maize yields and profitability in Mexico's semi-arid highlands
Authors: Saldivia-Tejeda Abel , Uribe-Guerrero Miguel Ángel , Rojas-Cruz Juan Manuel , Guera Ouorou Ganni Mariel , Verhulst Nele , Fonteyne Simon
Published: October 2024

Rainfed agriculture in semi-arid regions is affected by variable rainfall patterns, resulting in low yields under conventional farming systems. To address this issue, cropping systems based on conservation agriculture were evaluated in 2 field experiments on 17 farmers' fields in the semi-arid highlands of Queretaro, Mexico, from 2013 to 2020, to assess yields and profitability. Monocropped maize (Zea mays L.) under conventional tillage was compared to growing maize on permanent beds with soil mulch, either monocropped or in rotation with triticale (X Triticum Secale Wittmack), oats (Avena sativa L.), or common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In the San Juan del Rio field experiment, maize yields on permanent beds averaged from 2,475 to 3,517 kg ha− 1 over five years, exceeding 70% the yields under conventional tillage.. In the Cadereyta field experiment, 4-year average maize yields on permanent beds ranged from 979 to 1,382 kg ha− 1 with no significant difference to those under conventional tillage. In farmers' fields, maize on permanent beds yielded an average of 3,717 kg ha− 1, 70% higher than with conventional tillage. The most profitable system was permanent beds with a maize-bean rotation in field experiments and with maize monocropping in farmers' fields. Overall, conservation agriculture can improve maize yields and profitability in Central Mexico's semi-arid highlands.
The New Method for Evaluating the Advanced Treatment Effect of Limestone Aquifers in the Roof and Floor of Deep Coal Seam Mining
Authors: Hu Yanbo , Jiang Jingzheng , Zheng Gang
Published: October 2024

The text discusses a new method for evaluating the effectiveness of advanced regional treatment of limestone aquifers in coal mining. Since the implementation of the "Technical specification for advanced regional treatment of limestone aquifer under coal seam" in early 2024, an effective evaluation method has been lacking. To fill this gap, this study is based on data from surface-directed multi-branch horizontal wells for advanced regional treatment. Using methods such as calculating the water-blocking capacity of the aquifer, statistical analysis of grouting data, and GIS model processing, a multi-factor evaluation model that affects the effectiveness of water hazard governance was constructed, and thematic distribution data of various influencing factors in the research area were obtained. Through mathematical modeling and GIS technology, various factor data were processed to form zoning evaluation data for the effectiveness of grouting transformation. This article proposes an innovative method for evaluating the effectiveness of advanced regional treatment using surface-directed multi-branch horizontal wells by comprehensively utilizing qualitative and quantitative evaluation modes, combined with supplementary exploration data from underground. Experimental results have shown that the evaluation system is effective and provides an important reference for research on water hazard prevention and control in deep coal seam mining.
A Study on the Effect of Blue Light on Kidney Stone Formation in Rats via the Brain-Kidney Axis
Authors: Fang Dao-Cheng , Hu Yuan-Yuan , Wang Chao , Fan Jie , Wen Hui
Published: October 2024

Kidney stones, a common disease in urology, are formed by multiple factors, among which the brain-kidney axis may play an important role in the occurrence and development of kidney stones, although the specific mechanism remains to be elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effects of blue light on relevant metabolic indicators and oxidative stress status in rats with kidney stones through the brain-kidney axis. To this end, we established a rat model of kidney stones and intervened with blue light, comparing it with normal rats. We found that compared with kidney stone rats without blue light intervention, those receiving blue light intervention exhibited significantly increased levels of antidiuretic hormone, intensified oxidative stress response, and augmented stone formation. However, in normal rats, blue light intervention did not cause significant changes in the aforementioned indicators. In summary, this study indicates that under pathological conditions, blue light may promote the secretion of antidiuretic hormone in serum and enhance oxidative stress response in renal tissues by affecting the brain-kidney axis, thereby accelerating the formation of kidney stones in rats.
Determinants of Harm in Fall Incidents in Hospital Settings with 200 or More Beds in Korea
Authors: Kang Youngmi , Hong Eunyoung
Published: October 2024

Falls are a significant patient safety concern in hospital settings, often resulting in unintended harm. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors for falls in Korean hospitals with 200 or more beds, analyzing 13,034 incidents reported to the Korean Patient Safety Reporting and Learning System from 2017 to 2021. The level of harm was classified into three categories: near-miss, sentinel events, and adverse events. Hospital-related factors (hospital type, bed capacity, and location and time of fall incident) and patient-related factors (sex, age group, and admitting medical department) were included in the analysis. Chi-square tests were used to evaluate differences in fall severity, and binary logistic regression identified factors associated with harmful incidents. The study found that harmful falls were more likely in general hospitals, particularly those with over 500 beds and in emergency departments, as well as among older female patients and those admitted to internal medicine. Based on the results of this study, especially in general hospitals with more than 500 beds, comprehensive strategies for preventing falls, including the promotion of patient safety culture, are needed to reduce fall occurrence and its associated disabilities.
Fall-Related Injuries in Older Adult Cancer Survivors : A Decade of Racial Disparities
Authors: Namoos Asmaa , Thomson Nicholas , Sheppard Vanessa , Aboutanos Michel
Published: October 2024

Background: As the population ages and the number of cancer survivors in the USA continues to rise, fall-related injuries are becoming an increasingly critical public health issue. The purpose of this study is to assess the incidence and prevalence of fall-related injuries among older adult cancer survivors, with a particular focus on identifying and understanding racial disparities in fall risk between Black and White cohorts.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study using data from 19,370 older adult cancer survivors aged 65 and above, extracted from the TriNetX network at Virginia Commonwealth University Health System (VCUHS). The study spanned from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2023. Demographic information, including age, sex, race, and ethnicity, as well as ICD-10 codes for cancer history and fall-related injuries, were analyzed. Incidence rates were calculated as cases per person-day.
Results: The study found that 7% of the cancer survivors experienced a new fall-related injury, with a prevalence rate of 8% over the study period. The incidence rate was calculated at 0.00005432 cases per person-day. Black or African American survivors exhibited a higher fall risk (4.915%) compared to their White counterparts (4.048%), with a statistically significant risk difference of 0.867% (95% CI: 0.199% to 1.534%).
Discussion
The findings of this study are consistent with existing literature that highlights the increased fall risk among older adult cancer survivors. The observed racial disparities in fall-related injuries underscore the need for targeted interventions that address the specific challenges faced by minority populations. The study's large sample size and comprehensive dataset strengthen the generalizability of the results, although the reliance on automated ICD-10 coding presents a potential limitation in data accuracy.
Conclusions
This study reveals significant racial disparities in fall-related injuries among older adult cancer survivors, particularly between Black and White individuals. The findings suggest the need for culturally sensitive and equitable healthcare strategies to improve the quality of life for all cancer survivors.
Developing a Master of Science in Research Ethics Program in Northern Nigeria: A Needs Assessment
Authors: Bieniek Caitlin , Tsiga-Ahmed Fatimah Ismail , Adamu Aishatu L. , Wudil Usman J. , Wester C. William , Iliyasu Zubairu , Aliyu Muktar H. , Gordon Elisa J. , Rose Elizabeth S.
Published: October 2024

Background
Nigeria is an emerging hub of biomedical research, requiring additional trained bioethicists for ethical oversight of research studies. There are currently two graduate-level research ethics programs in Nigeria. However, both are in the southern portion of the country and no training programs exist in north. Strengthening the research ethics skills and knowledge of Nigerian researchers across the country is necessary given the growing genetics research infrastructure.
Methods
To inform the creation of a Master of Science in Research Ethics program in northern Nigeria, we conducted a needs assessment comprised of semi-structured interviews with nine Nigerian bioethics experts. We used the Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method to analyze interview transcriptions. Two authors independently read and coded each participant’s transcription to identify emergent themes that represented each participant’s responses. Within these overarching themes, the data points were grouped into subthemes.
Results
Four primary themes emerged with ten subthemes. Respondents agreed that the program can fill a gap and strengthen capacity in research ethics; the curriculum should be developed with an interdisciplinary lens and locally contextualized. Students should be taught how to think critically through ethical scenarios since research ethics will need to be applied to real world situations. Leaders within the program should recruit faculty and students locally who have bandwidth to participate in the program; and the program should have university support.
Conclusion
Our findings will guide the creation of a program that establishes a research ethics capacity in northern Nigeria. Continuing to enhance the country’s growing prominence in global biomedical research. Through our needs assessment we identified structural and content factors that can guide us in leveraging strengths of the local institution and leaders in research ethics while mitigating challenges in establishing this master’s program.
INTNet: a deep learning approach for integron identification and classification
Authors: Lam Tommy , Pei Yao , Liao YunShi , Shum Marcus Ho-Hin , Williams Alexander , Smith David , Zheng Qi , Guan Yi , Luo Ruibang , Zhang Tong
Published: October 2024

Antibiotic resistance, which is exacerbated by the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, is a substantial and persistent global threat to human health. Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are central to the dissemination of bacterial resistance, with integrons playing a major role in the acquisition, expression, and transmission of ARGs, particularly in clinical environments. Rapid and accurate identification and classification of integrons would greatly aid clinical practice and environmental surveillance of pathogens. In this study, a comprehensive integron sequence database (INTNet-DB) was built, expanding on INTGRALL by over 8-fold, and the evolutionary history of integrons was analysed. Utilizing INTNet-DB, a multi-task multilabel deep learning program, INTNet, was designed and developed to accurately identify and classify integron integrases, their bacterial hosts, and associated ARGs based on the genetic sequences. INTNet is the first deep learning model as such and demonstrated high performance, achieving precision over 90%, recall above 91%, and accuracy exceeding 94% across validation tests. When compared to IntegronFinder 2, INTNet exhibited markedly higher sensitivity and maintained consistent performance on partial sequences. INTNet is freely available at https://github.com/id-bioinfo/INTNet and provides a valuable tool for clinical and environmental genomic surveillance.
Enhancement of Flexural Strength in Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) Through the Incorporation of Graphene Nanoparticles: A Comparative In Vitro Study
Authors: Selvam Divyabharathi , Vasudevan Karthikeyan , Rizwana Noorul , Selvam Deepika
Published: October 2024

Background Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a common material in dental prosthetics, but its mechanical limitations, particularly in flexural strength, can affect its performance. Graphene nanoparticles, known for their exceptional mechanical properties, present a potential solution to enhance PMMA’s strength.Aim This study investigates the impact of incorporating graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanoparticles into PMMA on its flexural strength, comparing the effects of different nanoparticle concentrations.Materials and Methods Seventy heat-polymerized PMMA specimens (65 × 10 × 3 mm) were prepared following ISO 1567 standards. These specimens were divided into three groups: Control (no nanoparticles), Experimental Group A (GO), and Experimental Group B (RGO). Each experimental group was further subdivided based on the nanoparticle concentration: 0.10g, 0.20g, and 0.30g. Flexural strength was measured using a three-point bending test on a Universal Testing Machine with a crosshead speed of 1.50 mm/min and a span length of 40 mm. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey-HSD tests.Results The control group recorded a mean flexural strength of 49.25 N. Incorporating GO and RGO nanoparticles significantly improved PMMA's flexural strength, with the highest strength observed in the RGO 0.30g group, showing a mean value of 213.6 N.Conclusion Reinforcing PMMA with graphene nanoparticles, including GO and RGO at various concentrations, significantly enhances its flexural strength compared to unreinforced PMMA. These findings highlight the potential of graphene-based nanoparticles to improve the durability of dental materials, offering superior mechanical properties critical for long-term clinical use.
The Foundational Capabilities of Large LanguageModels in Predicting Postoperative Risks UsingClinical Notes
Authors: Alba Charles , Xue Bing , Abraham Joanna , Kannampallil Thomas , Lu Chenyang
Published: October 2024

Clinical notes recorded during a patient's perioperative journey holds immense informational value. Advances in large language models (LLMs) offer opportunities for bridging this gap. Using 84,875 pre-operative notes and its associated surgical cases from 2018 to 2021, we examine the performance of LLMs in predicting six postoperative risks using various fine-tuning strategies. Pretrained LLMs outperformed traditional word embeddings by an absolute AUROC of 38.3\% and AUPRC of 33.2%. Self-supervised fine-tuning further improved performance by 3.2% and 1.5%. Incorporating labels into training further increased AUROC by 1.8% and AUPRC by 2%. The highest performance was achieved with a unified foundation model, with improvements of 3.6% for AUROC and 2.6% for AUPRC compared to self-supervision, highlighting the foundational capabilities of LLMs in predicting postoperative risks, which could be potentially beneficial when deployed for perioperative care.
Dynamics of Cattaneo-Christov Model for Blood-Based Molybdenum Disulfide Nanofluid Flow on Variable Porous Bi-Directional Stretching Sheet Subject to effects of Inter-Particle Spacing and Nanoparticle’s Radius
Authors: Algehyne Ebrahem A. , Alamrani Fahad Maqbul , AL-Essa Laila A. , Lone Showkat Ahmad , Khan Arshad , Younis Jihad
Published: October 2024

The effects of inter-particle spacing and radius of molybdenum disulfide nanoparticle on nanofluid flow have significant applications in various fields. In biomedical engineering, optimizing these parameters enhance drug delivery systems, enabling more efficient targeting and controlled release of therapeutics. For such important applications, this work investigates nanofluid flow on a bi-directional elongating surface with effects of inclined magnetic field. The surface of sheet is characterized with variable porous features. This work specifically examines how the radii of nanoparticles and the spaces between them influence the overall dynamics of flow system. The Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux model is also taken into consideration to investigate the heat and mass flow. The impacts of chemical reaction and activation energy have used in this work with, Brownian motion and thermophoresis impacts. Main equations have converted to dimensionless form and then solved by implementing bvp4c approach. It has revealed in this work that with upsurge in magnetic factor, angle of inclination of magnetic field and variable porous factor there is reduction in primary and secondary velocities both for inter-particles spaces (say\(h=1/2\,\,\& \,\,10\)) and radius of nanoparticles (say\(Rp=3/2\,\,\& \,\,5/2\)). This reduction is more significant in case of large inter-particles spaces (say\(h=\,\,10\)) and large radius of nanoparticles (say\(Rp=\,5/2\)). With growth in radiation factor, thermal Biot number, and Brownian motion factor there is escalation in thermal distribution. The findings from this study can be utilized in designing drug carriers with controllable porous structures, allowing for the regulation of drug movement and release rates within the body. For example, carriers with larger inter-particle spaces can be engineered to provide a slower, more controlled drug release. This approach ensures sustained delivery to target sites, thereby enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
2D-GAN: Dual-Decoding Generative Adversarial Networks for Infrared Image Enhancement
Authors: Yu Yang , Jiang Lin , Hu Qijun , Zeng Qiang , Sun Xin
Published: October 2024

Infrared imaging technology finds wide application across various fields, yet suffers from issues such as atmospheric thermal radiation interference, resulting in poor contrast, blurred details, and noise in infrared images. Consequently, enhancing infrared images is essential as a preprocessing step to obtain high-quality data. This paper proposes an infrared image enhancement algorithm based on Dual-Decoding Generative Adversarial Networks(2D-GAN) to address these challenges.The proposed algorithm employs a two-step decoding structure within the 2D-GAN framework to enhance the network's capability to comprehend and represent input data effectively. Internal and external skip connections are incorporated to bolster the network's perceptual ability, addressing the loss of detailed information during the encoding and decoding processes. Additionally, a cross-level attention module is designed to dynamically allocate positional weights to feature maps, thereby enhancing the natural appearance of the generated images.The effectiveness of the 2D-GAN-based enhancement algorithm is validated through comparative experiments, supplemented by ablation studies that delineate the contributions of each module within the network. Experimental results demonstrate significant enhancement in infrared image quality, affirming the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.