bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amazon carbon emissions double mainly by dismantled in law enforcement
Authors: Gatti Luciana , Cunha Camilla , Marani Luciano , Cassol Henrique , Messias Cassiano , Arai Egidio , Basso Luana , Soler Luciana , Almeida Claudio , Setzer Alberto , Domingues Lucas , Denning Scott , Miller John , Gloor Manuel , Correia Caio , Tejada Graciela , Neves Raiane , Rajão Raoni , Nunes Felipe , Soares-Filho Britaldo , Schmitt Jair , Nobre Carlos , Correa Sergio , Sanchez Alber , Aragão Luiz , Anderson Liana , von Randow Celso , Crispim Stephane , Silva Francine , Machado Guilherme
Published: September 2022

The Amazon Forest is a major locus for carbon and water cycling in the climate system whose function has been degraded in recent decades by land use and climate change. Most studies of Amazonia’s carbon balance have been limited by sparse sampling. We measured 742 atmospheric vertical profiles of CO2 and CO over four regions of Amazonia from 2010 through 2020. We estimate that Amazon carbon emissions increased from 0.24±0.19 PgC y-1 in 2010-18 to 0.44±0.22 in 2019 and 0.52±0.22 PgC y-1 in 2020. During these years, increases were also observed in deforestation (79% and 74%) and forest burned area (14% and 42%). Field notifications for illegal deforestation and related crimes dropped by 42%, while fines paid for judgments held fell by 89%. Carbon losses during 2019 and 2020 were comparable to losses in the record warm El Nino event of 2015-16, but this time with usual to moderate Oceanic Ninõ Index. 2020 showed 12% decrease in precipitation indicating also a climate impact in carbon emissions. The changes during 2019 and 2020 were mainly due to the western Amazonia becoming also a carbon source. We hypothesize that the consequences of the collapse in enforcement led to increase in deforestation, biomass burning and degradation producing net carbon losses and enhancing drying and warming of forest regions.
Experimental Study on Water Saturation Effect on Coal Sample Permeability Under Different Effective Stresses
Authors: Lei Junhuan , Meng Zhaoping , Shen Zhen , Chen Haoyue
Published: September 2022

During the drainage and production of coalbed methane (CBM) wells, the Constant changes in stress and water saturation of reservoir restricts the dynamic change of the reservoir permeability. By carrying out stress sensitivity experiments with different water saturations in coal, the correlation between permeability and the coupling of effective stress and water saturation was analyzed. The water saturation sensitivity and stress sensitivity of reservoir were evaluated by the stress sensitivity index (S), permeability damage rate (PDR), and stress sensitivity coefficient (αk), and the change law of coal permeability under different stresses with different water saturations was revealed. The results showed that the coal reservoir permeability decreased with increasing stress following a negative exponential function and decreased nearly linearly with increasing water saturation. In addition, the coal water saturation sensitivity was positively correlated with effective stress, and the coal stress sensitivity was positively correlated with water saturation. Finally, a mathematical model for predicting coal permeability that considered the impacts of water saturation and effective stress was established, revealing the controlled mechanism affecting the permeability change.
Cognitive competence and curriculum content in nurse anesthesia training: a small-scale comparative study
Authors: Swerdlow Barry , Osborne-Smith Lisa , Arditti Douglas , Hatfield Lisa J.
Published: September 2022

Background: Advanced practice nursing in the United States is shifting toward doctoral certification, most commonly a Doctor of Nursing Practice degree. However, there is limited evidence that this transition improves clinical competence. The aim of this study was to determine whether modifications in a nurse anesthesia curriculum that transitioned from a Master of Nursing to a Doctor of Nursing Practice program were associated with improved cognitive performance using an oral examination.
Methods: This study was a small-scale investigation that used a quantitative method to compare two consecutive cohorts of students from a single, university-based nurse anesthesia program.
Results: After completing an expanded curriculum, Doctor of Nursing Practicenurse anesthesia students performed significantly better than Master of Nursing students on oral examination, with improvement in cognitive domains previously identified as areas of underperformance.
Conclusion:Targeted curricular additions in a Doctor of Nursing Practice program correlated with improvements in nurse anesthesia student cognitive competence as measured by an oral examination.
Numerical simulation for the effect of scanning speed and in-situ laser shock peening on molten pool and solidification characteristics
Authors: Li Xianlong , Wei Xu , Zhang laiqi , Lv Qinggong
Published: September 2022

The unique thermal cycle of selective laser melting (SLM) significantly affects the undesirable formability and mechanical properties of the deposited parts, especially for materials with complex compositions. Laser shock peening (LSP) is a strengthening technology that can refine grain, convert tensile stress to compressive stress, and improve fatigue strength. In-situ LSP combining LSP and SLM without absorption layer and pressure confining layer can strengthen the additive manufacturing microstructure layer by layer. Some literature has verified the feasibility of no absorption layer and pressure confining layer LSP. However, the effects of the in-situ combination on the molten pool have not been reported. In this work, the finite element method (FEM) has systematically investigated the impact of scanning speed and in-situ LSP on fluid flow behavior, heat transfer, and the solidification process of the molten pool. The flow velocity and the size of the molten pool decrease as the scanning speed increases. The solidification rate at low scanning speed shows an increasing-decreasing-increasing process during the solidification process, and the solidification rate is consistently stable at high scanning speed. The temperature gradient increases gradually and decreases sharply with the scanning speed increase. The in-situ LSP reduces the temperature and the fluid flow of the molten pool, which decreases the heat convection and the value of Peclct number, but has little effect on the solidification process of the molten pool.
Global bifurcation in a general predator-prey system with predator functional response and prey-taxis
Authors: Kong Lei , Lv Fengjiao
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the pattern formations in a general predator−prey model with
ratio-dependent predator influence and prey-taxis is investigated. We research the
local stability of the positive equilibrium and gives a priori estimates for any posi-
tive solutions. By an abstract bifurcation theorem, we get a branch of nonconstant
solutions that bifurcate from the positive equilibrium. Furthermore, the local sta-
bility of the bifurcating solutions is discussed by the method of perturbation of
simple eigenvalues and spectrum theory. These results indicate that repulsive prey-
taxis can destabilize the positive equilibrium and induced the emergence of spatial
patterns.
Analysis of endophytic bacterial community structure and diversity of characteristic rice germplasm resources in Yunnan province, China
Authors: Feng Xilong , Wang Zhishan , Li Xiaolin , Wang Wei , Gu Anyu , Liu Yang
Published: September 2022

Studies on the structure and diversity of endophytic bacteria from characteristic rice seeds are of great significance to complement and develop the research on endophytic bacteria from rice seeds. In this study, high-throughput techniques were used to investigate the microbial community composition and diversity of nine characteristic rice species in Yunnan Province, China, to reveal their dominant bacterial community and explore the relationship between rice varieties and endophytic bacterial communities. A total of 2799 OTUs were detected in the seeds of the nine characteristic rice varieties, of which 829 endophytic OTUs coexisted in nine samples. At the phylum level, Proteobacteria (25.0%-88.6%) was the dominant phyla. At the genus level, the dominant genera were Pantoea (0.4%-28.6%) and Methylorubrum (2.5%-17.5%). The results showed that there were significant differences in microbial community structure and composition among different rice varieties, especially at the genus level, indicating that different rice varieties had certain effects on the structure of endophytic microbiota in seeds.
Cottonseed oil alleviates ischemic stroke injury by inhibiting ferroptosis
Authors: Sun Miao , Liu Min , Li Qingxiao , Zhang Xiaoying , Liu Siyuan , Yang Huikai , Yang Le , Tian Jiahe , Mi Weidong , Ma Yulong
Published: September 2022

Ferroptosis has recently been recognized as a new cause of ischemia reperfusion injury due to Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) disruption followed by secondary iron-loaded transferrin (TF) influx. Ferroptosis was only recently identified as a novel and independent cell death pathway, characterized by iron dependent lipid peroxidation, decline of GSH, GPX4 and shrinking mitochondria. Cottonseed oil (CSO), a liposoluble solvent, can alleviate ischemia stroke injuries and oxidative stress. However, the effect of CSO on ischemic stroke induced ferroptosis has not been explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of CSO on ferroptosis caused by cerebral ischemic injury in rats. The results showed subcutaneous injection of 1.3 mL/kg CSO every other day for three weeks could significantly ameliorate middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion (MCAO-R) induced neurological dysfunction in a male rat model. Furthermore, it reduced infarct volume and neuronal injuries, protected BBB integrity and reduced influx of iron ion and TF; up-regulated anti-ferroptosis proteins (GPX4, xCT, HO1, FTH1), while down-regulated ferroptosis related protein ACSL4, increased the activity of GSH, SOD, and decreased MDA and LPO levels. Mitochondrial destruction induced by ischemic stroke was also alleviated by CSO treatment. In conclusion, we report that CSO treatment can alleviate ischemic stroke injury via ferroptosis inhibition, which provides a new potential therapeutic mechanism for CSO neuroprotection against ischemic stroke.
Anthropogenic aerosols mask increases in US rainfall by greenhouse gases
Authors: Risser Mark , Collins William , Wehner Michael , O'Brien Travis , Huang Huanping , Ullrich Paul
Published: September 2022

Daily rainfall accumulations are a critical component of the global water cycle, and comprehensive understanding of human-induced changes to rainfall is essential for water resource management and infrastructure design. Detection and attribution methods reveal cause and effect relationships between anthropogenic forcings and changes in daily precipitation by comparing observed changes with those from climate models. However, at regional scales, existing studies are unable to conclusively identify human influence on precipitation. Here we show that anthropogenic aerosol and greenhouse gas emissions are the dominant drivers of precipitation change over the United States and, by simultaneously accounting for both agents, we resolve outstanding uncertainties regarding the human influence on regional precipitation. Greenhouse gas emissions increase mean and extreme precipitation from rain gauge measurements across all seasons. Aerosol emissions offset these increases in the winter and spring but appear to enhance rainfall during the summer and fall. Our results show that conflicting literature on trends in precipitation over the historical record can be explained by equal and opposite aerosol and greenhouse gas signals. At the scale of the United States, individual climate models reproduce observed changes due to anthropogenic forcing but cannot confidently determine whether these emissions sources increase or decrease rainfall.
Weight Loss Post Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant is Associated with Increased Transplant Related Mortality
Authors: Madsen Kayla , Lee Katherine , Chen Shiyi , Chen Carol , Law Arjun , Gerbitz Armin , Kumar Rajat , Kim Dennis , Lam Wilson , Pasic Ivan , Viswabandya Auro , Michelis Fotios , Nampoothiri Ram Vasudevan , Lipton Jeffrey , Novitzky-Basso Igor , Mattsson Jonas
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant (allo-HSCT) patients are at risk of malnutrition and weight loss from impaired oral intake resulting from gastrointestinal toxicities, dysgeusia, and psychological effects.
Methods: A retrospective review of 264 adult patients transplanted at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre who achieved relapse-free survival up to 3 months after allo-HSCT was performed.
Results: Overall incidence of patients who experienced WL (WL) ≥10% from HSCT to 3 months post-transplant was 45.9% and from HSCT to 6 months was 56.6%. Patients with ≥10% WL from allo-HSCT at 3-months and 6 months had similar 2-year overall survival (OS) compared to those with <10% WL, 55.7% vs. 62.8% (HR=1.38, p=0.11) and 71.1% vs. 77.2% (HR=1.37, P=0.27), respectively. Patients with ≥10% WL 3- and 6-months from allo‑HSCT also had similar 2-year relapse-free survival (RFS) compared to those with <10% WL, 48.1% vs. 55.8% (HR=1.26, p=0.22), and 62.7% vs 69.8% (HR=1.29, p=0.31), respectively.
The 2-year transplant-related mortality (TRM) was higher for those with ≥10% WL from allo-HSCT to 3-months, 35.4% vs. 16.9% (HR=2.39, p=0.0007) and 6 months, 22% vs. 8% (HR=3.1, p=0.0034). Although statistical significance was not observed for OS or RFS, patients who experienced ≥10% WL 3- and 6-months post allo-HSCT experienced higher 2-year TRM. These results highlight the importance of early intervention and close monitoring of weight post allo-HSCT.
Conclusion: Approaches to WL post allo-HSCT should be multifaceted and include members of the interdisciplinary team in order to decrease TRM.
Characterization of the planarian surface electroencephalogram
Authors: Freiberg Jannes , Lang Lukas , Kaernbach Christian , Keil Julian
Published: September 2022

Background: Despite large morphological differences between the nervous systems of lower animals and humans, striking functional similarities have been reported. However, little is known about how these functional similarities translate to cognitive similarities. As a first step towards studying the cognitive abilities of simple nervous systems, we here characterize the ongoing electrophysiological activity of the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea. One previous report using invasive microelectrodes describes that the ongoing neural activity is characterized by a 1/fx power spectrum with the exponent ‘x’ of the power spectrum close to 1. To extend these findings, we aimed to establish a recording protocol to measure ongoing neural activity safely and securely from alive and healthy planarians under different lighting conditions using non-invasive surface electrodes.
Results: As a replication and extension of the previous results, we show that the ongoing neural activity is characterized by a 1/fx power spectrum, that the exponent ‘x’ in living planarians is close to 1, and that changes in lighting induce changes in neural activity likely due to the planarian photophobia.
Conclusions: We confirm the existence of continuous EEG activity in planarians and show that it is possible to noninvasively record this activity with surface wire electrodes. This opens up broad possibilities for continuous recordings across longer intervals, and repeated recordings from the same animals to study cognitive processes.
The necessity revealed by Covid-19: Paradigm shift of Iran's health system
Authors: Mohammadpour Mohammadtaghi , Delavari Sajad , Kavosi Zahra , peyravi Mahmoudreza , Bastani Peivand
Published: September 2022

Background: Covid-19 pandemic has brought drastic changes around the world, revealing the vulnerable aspects of health care systems. The purpose of this study is to explore the paradigm shift of Iranian health system and determine the aspects that need improvement, considering the experience of the recent pandemic.
Method: This research is a qualitative and thematic analysis study that was conducted using the content analysis method. Nineteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts from Shiraz University of Medical Sciences and the data was saturated. To increase the accuracy and precision of the study, Guba and Lincoln's four criteria were used. And for data analysis, MAX QDA10 software and Goldsmith's five-step framework analysis were used.
Result: The findings identified 8 main themes and 33 subthemes. The main themes included strengthening the electronic health infrastructure, research for evidence-based decision making, dedicated pandemic financing, prevention of disruption in the effective provision of services and drug therapy, enriching the authority of the Ministry of Health by focusing on interactions, recruiting, managing and empowering health human resources and paying attention to financial and non-financial incentives, reforming educational approaches in training students in medical universities, learning lessons from neglects.
Conclusion: To be ready to respond to a possible future pandemic, bold steps must be taken to make fundamental changes in various aspects of the health system.
The Use of the PUlse oximeter in Limb Salvage. The Pulse study
Authors: Skillman Joanna , Dutta Pratap , Kimani Peter , Leaver Ian , Venus Matthew , Wallace David , Hardwicke Joseph , Imray Christopher
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Does a non-invasive pulse oximeter probe accurately indicate limb ischaemia with inflation of a tourniquet? How are the pulse waveform, perfusion index and oxygen saturations affected? Does pulse oximetry return to normal with restoration of blood flow? Are the findings similar, regardless of which probe is used?

Methods

Single centre, pilot, proof of concept study. Each volunteer staff member had two probes applied to both lower limbs and then to both upper limbs. One limb had a tourniquet applied (experimental limb). The pulse oximeter trace, perfusion index and oxygen saturations were recorded before tourniquet inflation (timepoint 0), at inflation (timepoint 1), just prior to deflation (timepoint 2) and after deflation when the waveform returned to a biphasic appearance (timepoint 3).

Results

Changes in both pulse oximeter waveforms occurred within 45 seconds of tourniquet inflation, with flattening of the biphasic trace followed by complete loss of amplitude which normalised on release of the tourniquet. Perfusion index values for the experimental arms and legs were statistically significantly smaller than the control sides during tourniquet inflation and exceeded baseline on deflation, due to reperfusion. Oxygen saturations were unreliable and did not reflect tourniquet inflation.

Conclusion

Pulse Oximeter waveform and perfusion index provide a noninvasive, sensitive, responsive, available, repeatable, objective measure of vascular supply in the limbs in healthy volunteers, although oxygen saturation is not a reliable indicator of perfusion. Objective assessment using the pulse oximeter could aid clinical judgement in initiating early vascular intervention in limb injury.
Clinically relevant combined effect of polygenic background, rare pathogenic germline variants, and family history on colorectal cancer incidence
Authors: Hassanin Emadeldin , Spier Isabel , Bobbili Dheeraj R. , Aldisi Rana , Klinkhammer Hannah , David Friederike , Dueñas Nuria , Hüneburg Robert , Perne Claudia , Brunet Joan , Capella Gabriel , Nöthen Markus M. , Forstner Andreas J. , Mayr Andreas , Krawitz Peter , May Patrick , Aretz Stefan , Maj Carlo
Published: September 2022

Background & Aims: Summarised in polygenic risk scores (PRS), the effect of common, low penetrant genetic variants associated with colorectal cancer (CRC), can be used for risk stratification.
Methods: To assess the combined impact of the PRS and other main factors on CRC risk, 163,516 individuals from the UK Biobank were stratified as follows: 1. carriers status for germline pathogenic variants (PV) in CRC susceptibility genes (APC, MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS2), 2. low (<20%), intermediate (20-80%), or high PRS (>80%), and 3. family history (FH) of CRC. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to compare odds ratios (OR) and to compute the lifetime incidence, respectively.
Results: Depending on the PRS, the CRC lifetime incidence for non-carriers ranges between 6% and 22%, compared to 40% and 74% for carriers. A suspicious FH is associated with a further increase of the cumulative incidence reaching 26% for non-carriers and 98% for carriers. In non-carriers without FH, but high PRS, the CRC risk is doubled, whereas a low PRS even in the context of a FH results in a decreased risk. The full model including PRS, carrier status, and FH improved the area under the curve (AUC) in risk prediction (0.704).
Conclusion: The findings demonstrate that CRC risks are strongly influenced by the PRS for both a sporadic and monogenic background. FH, PV, and common variants complementary contribute to CRC risk. The implementation of PRS in routine care will likely improve personalized risk stratification, which will in turn guide tailored preventive surveillance strategies in high, intermediate, and low risk groups.
Development of a highly efficient LbCas12a CRISPR system in barley with additional utility in Brassica oleracea
Authors: Lawrenson Tom , Hinchliffe Alison , Forner Macarena , Harwood Wendy
Published: September 2022

Novel versions of Cas12a, together with optimised guide architecture led to barley target genes being mutagenised in around 90% of transgenic lines. This system also functioned in Brassica oleracea.
Enabling Green Wireless Sensor Network Using SD-MAC Protocol
Authors: Fouad Yasser
Published: September 2022

Sensor MAC (S-MAC) is a single-frequency contention-based sensor network protocol defined in this paper. It is built on the notion of the listen/sleep mode cycle. However, unlike the S-MAC, where the duration of the cycle is fixed, Time-out MAC (T-MAC) introduces an adaptive duty cycle in a novel way: by dynamical ending the active part of it. This saves energy by reducing the amount of time nodes spend waiting for possibly incoming messages while yet maintaining a sufficient throughput. The T-MAC protocol's new idea is to eliminate idle listening by sending all messages in variable-length bursts and sleeping in between bursts. This paper discusses the development of a new protocol. Sensor Dynamic MAC (SD-MAC) protocol overcomes negative listening in S-MAC and T-MAC which sets a node to listen and sleep state based on traffic. Where each node will turn off the radio in the sleep period to save energy and will turn the radio back on the next listen period for exchanging packets if there was traffic.
A novel system for in-situ, wave-by-wave measurements of the speed and volume of coastal overtopping.
Authors: Yelland Margaret , Brown Jennifer , Cardwell Christopher , Jones David , Pascal Robin , Pinnell Richard , Pullen Tim , Silva Eunice
Published: September 2022

Wave overtopping of sea defences poses a hazard to people and infrastructure. Rising sea levels and limited resources mean accurate prediction tools are needed to deliver cost-effective shoreline management plans. A dearth of in-situ data means that the numerical tools used for flood forecasting and coastal scheme design are based largely on data from idealised flume studies, and the resulting overtopping predictions may have orders of magnitude uncertainty. Furthermore, such studies usually only provide data on the total volume of overtopping water, and no data on the speed of the water. Here we present a novel system "WireWall" that measures the speed and volume of overtopping water on a wave-by-wave basis. We describe the successful validation of WireWall against traditional flume methods and present results from the first trial deployments at a sea wall in the UK. WireWall results are also compared with numerical predictions from widely-used industry rules (EurOtop).
Sphenophorus levis behavior: repellency to insecticide treatment and nocturnal adult activity and location pattern
Authors: Ferreira Pedro Henrique Urach , Ferreira Marcelo da Costa
Published: September 2022

Sphenophorus levis is a difficult to control pest in sugarcane that causes great damage to the subterranean part of the plant. Low insect control has been a result of the pesticide application technology adopted but also because of the lack of studies regarding the pest’s behavior. This research aimed to examine the repellency of insecticides to S. levis adults and to evaluate the activity and location behavior of S. levis adults under 24 hour-observations. Repellency studies were conducted in free-choice tests providing treated soil with lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam and untreated soil as choice options to S. levis adults. Insect activity and location behavior studies were assessed by hourly observations of S. levis adults in containers with soil and sugarcane plant. Results indicated S. levis adults were not repelled nor attracted to soil treated with lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam. Additionally, insects presented nocturnal behavior with most activities (walking, digging and mating) starting at 18:00 pm until 2:00 am. An average of 20.7% of insects were out of the soil at night while the majority, 79.3%, remained inside the soil. During the day most insects, 95%, remained hidden in the soil. Exposed insects were primarily located on soil surface. According to these results, nocturnal insecticide applications may improve S. levis adult control due to greater insect activity and exposure at night.
Machine Learning application for modeling high-resolution groundwater storage variations in North China Plain
Authors: Agarwal Vibhor , Akyilmaz Orhan , Shum C K , Feng Wei , Haritashya Umesh , Chen Wei
Published: September 2022

North China Plain (NCP) in China is an important agricultural region increasingly dependent on groundwater to meet the demands of water for irrigation which consequently has resulted in groundwater depletion. Quantifying spatio-temporal variations of groundwater storage (GWS) is important in NCP for monitoring groundwater depletion. Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data provide the potential for quantifying regional GWS changes. However, its coarse spatial resolution and errors in disaggregation have limited the application of GRACE for localized groundwater studies, which are essential for effective groundwater management. We, therefore, implement a Random Forest (RF) Machine Learning (ML) model to establish an empirical relationship between GRACE-derived Terrestrial Water Storage variations (TWS), hydro-meteorological variables, and available in situ groundwater level data for shallow and deep aquifers. In-situ and RF modeled groundwater level variations show a high correlation during training and validation. Therefore, the modeled empirical relationship was extended to the whole of NCP to produce monthly GWS variations at 5 km resolution. This resolution is similar to previous downscaling studies. Deep aquifers show rapid GWS losses compared to shallow aquifers suggesting a relatively slow recharge process of the deep layers of the groundwater reservoirs. The methodology presented in this paper shows an effective downscaling of GRACE mass change observations for localized GWS assessment which can also be replicated in other regions.
Functional and evolutionary study of MLO gene family in the regulation of Sclerotinia stem rot resistance in Brassica napus L
Authors: Liu Jie , Wu Yupo , Zhang Xiong , Gill Rafaqat Ali , Hu Ming , Bai Zetao , Zhao Chuanji , Zhang Yi , Cheng Xiaohui , Liu Yueying , Huang Junyan , Liu Lijiang , Yan Shunping , Liu Shengyi
Published: September 2022

Background
Oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) is known as one of the most important oilseed crops cultivated around the globe. However, in the humid season, it faced a severe challenge of Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR), a severely destructive disease caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, which is negatively impact in terms of huge reduction in yield loss and annually. Like other field crops, in Brassica napus (B. napus) SSR resistance is quantitatively controlled, and there are few studies reported the effective major genes conferring SSR disease resistance so far. Thus, there is utmost need to design the studies at whole genome level to discover the promising major genes, which can further enhance the protective shield against SSR in B. napus.
Results
Here, we used a natural population of B. napus consisting of 222 accessions to perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to find the candidate genes conferencing the SSR resistance trait. Our results showed that a total of 2779265 SNP markers were identified, which harboring 51 candidate genes. Moreover, we found that candidate gene BnaA08g25340D (BnMLO2_2), a member of seven homolog genes of Arabidopsis Mildew Locus O 2 (MLO2), was closely associated with the SSR resistance. The natural SNP variations was predominantly identified in the promoter region of BnMLO2_2 and 3 haplotypes were found to be closely related to the differential expressions of BnMLO2_2 in the leaves of the B. napus population, which may responsible for the variations of SSR resistance observed in this population. Besides, we also noted that among seven members of MLO2, only BnMLO2_2 showed constitutive expression in the leaf tissues. In Arabidopsis, loss of function mutation in MLO2 displayed enhanced susceptibility to SSR, whereas, Arabidopsis plants overexpression of MLO2 genes showed significantly enhanced resistance to SSR disease. The mechanism underlying MLO2 in the regulation of SSR resistance was associated with the cell death. Lastly, syntenic analysis revealed 57, 23, and 28 homolog genes of 15 Arabidopsis MLOs in the genomes of B. napus, Brassica rapa (B. rapa), and Brassica oleracea (B. oleracea), respectively indicated an asymmetrical evolution between the A and C subgenomes of B. napus.
Conclusion
Present investigation revealed the roles of MLO2 gene in the regulation of SSR disease resistance. Therefore, natural variations in the promoter region of BnMLO2 gene can be utilized for improving the resistance to SSR disease in B. napus. MLO locus play antagonistic role against SSR and PM diseases.
Gut microbial GABAergic signaling imprints alveolar macrophages and pulmonary response to viral infection associated with psychological stress
Authors: Gao Yanan , Liang Zihao , Mao Bingyong , Zheng Xudong , Shan Jinjun , Jin Cuiyuan , Liu Shijia , Kolliputi Narasaiah , Chen Yugen , Xu Feng , Shi Liyun
Published: September 2022

Background
Epidemiological evidences reveal that populations with psychological stress have an increased likelihood of respiratory viral infection involving influenza A virus (IAV) and SARS-CoV-2, but the mechanism remains elusive.
Results
By exploiting a chronic restraint stress (CRS) mouse model, we demonstrated that psychiatric stress substantially increased hosts’ vulnerability to viral pneumonia, concurrent with deregulated alveolar macrophages (AMs) and disturbed gut microbiome. The central importance of gut microbiome in stress-exacerbated viral pneumonia was confirmed by microbiome depletion and gut microbiome transplantation. In particular, stress exposure induced a decline in Lactobacillaceae abundance and hence γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) level in mice. Microbial-derived GABA proved to be released in the peripheral and sensed by AMs via GABAAR, leading to enhanced mitochondrial metabolism and α-ketoglutarate (αKG) generation. The metabolic intermediator in turn served as the cofactor for the epigenetic regulator Tet2 to catalyze DNA hydroxymethylation, and promoted PPARγ-centered gene program underpinning survival, self-renewing, and immunoregulation of AMs. We thus uncover an unappreciated GABA/Tet2/PPARγ regulatory circuitry that was initiated by gut microbiome to instruct distant immune cells through a metabolic-epigenetic program. Accordingly, reconstitution with GABA-producing probiotics, or adoptive transferring of GABA-conditioned AMs, or resumption of pulmonary αKG level remarkably improved AMs homeostasis and alleviated severe pneumonia in stressed mice.
Conclusions
Together, our study identifies a microbiome-derived tonic signaling that is tuned by mental health status to imprint resident immune cells and defensive response in lungs. The findings are particularly significant for the subpopulation with psychiatric stress to combat critical respiratory viral infection.
Objectively-measured movement behaviors, systemic low-grade inflammation, and plasma neurofilament light chain in older adults: a population-based study
Authors: Wang Yongxiang , Han Qi , Han Xiaolei , Dong Yi , Mao Ming , Wang Chaoqun , Wang Xiaojie , Tang Shi , Liu Cuicui , Li Yuanjing , Hou Tingting , Cong Lin , Du Yifeng , Qiu Chengxuan
Published: September 2022

Background
Evidence has linked self-reported sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) with cognitive impairment; however, the underlying neuropathological mechanisms are poorly understood. We examined the dose-response associations of the accelerometer-measured daily SB and PA time with plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) among older adults and the role of systemic low-grade inflammation in the associations.
Methods
This population-based study included 1,029 dementia-free older adults (age ≥ 60 years, 59.48% women) who undertook the ActiGraph substudy (March 2018-December 2020) in MIND-China. Plasma NfL and serum cytokines were measured on SIMOA and MSD platforms, respectively. Movement parameters were assessed with an accelerometer. Data were analyzed using the restricted cubic splines, general linear, and mediation models.
Results
There were J-shaped associations of daily SB and PA time with plasma NfL concentration, such that more daily SB time or less daily light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) time were significantly associated with increased plasma NfL only when SB time ≥ 8.00 hours/day or LPA time < 5.00 hours/day or MVPA time < 2.00 hours/day. Furthermore, more daily SB time or less daily LPA and MVPA time was significantly associated with higher serum inflammation scores (P < 0.05). Finally, serum biomarkers of low-grade inflammation could account for 15–19% of the associations between movement behaviors and plasma NfL level.
Conclusions
More daily SB and less PA time are associated with peripheral biomarker for neurodegeneration and systemic low-grade inflammation in older adults. The association of movement behaviors with neurodegeneration is partially mediated by systemic low-grade inflammation.
Distributed periodic event-triggered synchronization for discrete-time complex dynamical networks with time-varying delay
Authors: Liang Zhihong , Ding Sanbo , Zhang Lei , Xie Xiangpeng
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we study the synchronization control problem for a class of discrete-time complex dynamical networks (CDNs) under an event-triggered mechanism (ETM). First, a discrete-time distributed periodic ETM is developed based on communication measurement. Under this mechanism, the signal is sampled in a periodic manner, but whether the control signal is updated or not depends on the pre-designed triggering condition. The sampling signal is designed as the communication measurement calculated by both state feedback and inner communication among nodes. Compared with the existing discrete-time ETMs, this method considers the topology connection among network nodes and avoids the continuous measurement of signals. Therefore, this mechanism effectively saves communication resources and reduces the waste of computing resources. Second, in order to analyze the serrated constraint caused by the periodic sampling error, a piecewise Lyapunov function is constructed. Third, under the distributed periodic ETM, sufficient conditions are derived for bounded synchronization of discrete-time CDNs with time-varying delay. Finally, a simulation example verifies the effectiveness and accuracy of the conclusion.
Transforming vulcanized styrene-butadiene waste into valuable raw material: An opportunity for high impact polypropylene production
Authors: Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Silva Fabiano Santana , Ferreira Eduardo Silva Barbosa , Silva Adriano Lima , Wellen Renate Maria Ramos , Araújo Edcleide Maria
Published: September 2022

The vulcanized residue of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBRr) is a raw material with potential for re-addition in the production chain, adding value and reducing environmental impact. Polypropylene (PP) compounds with SBRr from the footwear industry were produced, adding styrene-(ethylene-butylene)-styrene (SEBS) as compatibilizer, with 20% ​​and 30% of styrene (St.). Addition of 30% SBRr did not compromise the processability, since the torque and flow index increased slightly. Significant increases in impact strength were achieved for PP/SBRr/SEBS (10% -20% St.) and PP/SBRr/SEBS (10% -30% St.), with gains of 316% and 248%, related to PP. The elastic modulus, tensile strength, elongation at break and Shore D hardness indicated greater flexibility for the PP/SBRr/SEBS, especially in the copolymer with 20% St. The thermal deflection temperature (HDT) indicated that even adding high content of SBRr to PP, the HDT was not severely affected, possibly due to its crosslinked character. PP/SBRr compatibilization with SEBS (20% St.) inhibited the PP crystalline peaks, as verified through X-ray diffraction (XRD). Stable morphology was achieved upon 10% of SEBS addition to PP/SBRr, providing proper interfacial adhesion and fine particles, contributing to toughen PP. Acquired results are promising for the rubber recycling, aiming at the production of high-impact polypropylene for containers and furniture accessories applications.
WITHDRAWN: Joint Spectrum Allocation and Power Control in Vehicular Communications Based on Dueling Double DQN
Authors: Ren Jie , Chai Zhengyi
Published: September 2022

Vehicular communications is one of the important applications in the low-latency and high-reliability scenarios of 5G communication systems. To meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements of different vehicle links in a dynamic environment and improve the transmission effectiveness of the communication system, a distributed Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) spectrum allocation and power control scheme based on the Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) framework is proposed. First, the latency constraint of the V2V link is formulated as a reward function, and a positive reward is given when the constraint is not violated; then, each V2V link is regarded as an agent to realize distributed spectrum and transmission power allocation to ensure the minimum transmission overhead. We use Double Deep Q-learning (DDQN) with dueling architecture to find the mapping between the observed environment and the optimal resource allocation scheme. Compared with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm can learn to meet the strict latency constraints on the V2V link, and can effectively improve the network capacity of the Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) link in vehicular communications.
Heterogeneous Multi-ml Approach Implemented in Hvdc Transmission Line
Authors: Nasim syeda faiza , Rehman Bareeha , Kulsoom Umme
Published: September 2022

The research article describes a system of machine architecture for protection of transmission lines of HVDC, in which multiple models of ML (KNN and SVM) are employed for fault classification and recognition. The K-Nearest Neighbor classifier is intended to serve two functions. It detects the type of fault as well which serves as a backup module for the starting unit's doubtful fault declaration. From a single-end single measurement, a feature vector consisting of standard deviations gradients and of DC and harmonic current, DC voltage, and correlation coefficients is retrieved. By simulating different states that are non-fault and fault states on a data set having training and test cases are obtained. The ML algorithm is trained in MATLAB and evaluated on a total of 2220 severe instances. The acquired results demonstrated the efficacy of the suggested method in detecting and distinguishing between various internal and external/pseudo problems.In this paper we will discuss how the ANN model Simulink in the MATLAB is used for researching, collecting, and evaluating 456 data sets.
TLR4 and MD2 variation among horses with differential TNFα baseline concentrations and response to intravenous lipopolysaccharide infusion
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Abhijit , Cook Shawna , SanMiguel Phillip , Ekenstedt Kari J. , Taylor Sandra D.
Published: September 2022

Gram-negative bacterial septicemia is mediated through binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to mammalian toll-like receptor protein 4 (TLR4). TLR4 and its cognate protein, myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD2) form a heterodimeric complex after binding LPS. This complex induces a cascade of reactions that result in increased proinflammatory cytokine gene expression, including TNFα, which leads to activation of innate immunity. In horses, the immune response to LPS varies widely. To determine if this variation is due to differences in TLR4 or MD2, DNA from 15 healthy adult horses with different TNFα dynamics after experimental intravenous LPS infusion was sequenced across exons ofTLR4andMD2. Haplotypes were constructed for both genes using all identified variants. Four haplotypes were observed for each gene. No significant associations were found between either TNFα baseline concentrations or response to LPS and haplotype; however, there was a significant association (Pvalue = 0.0460) between the baseline TNFα concentration and oneMD2missense variant. Three-dimensional structures of the equine TLR4-MD2-LPS complex were built according to haplotype combinations observed in the study horses, and the implications of missense variants on LPS binding were modeled. Although the sample size was small, there was no evidence that variation in TLR4 or MD2 explains the variability in TNFα response observed after LPS exposure in horses.
Mechanistic inference of the metabolic rates underlying 13C breath test curves
Authors: Brouwer Andrew F. , Lee Gwenyth O. , Schillinger Robert J. , Edwards Christine A. , Wyk Hannah Van , Yazbeck Roger , Morrison Douglas J.
Published: September 2022

Carbon stable isotope breath tests offer new opportunities to better understand gastrointestinal function in health and disease. However, it is often not clear how to isolate information about a gastrointestinal or metabolic process of interest from a breath test curve, and it is generally unknown how well summary statistics from empirical curve fitting correlate with underlying biological rates. We developed a framework that can be used to make mechanistic inference about the metabolic rates underlying a 13C breath test curve, and we applied it to a pilot study of 13C-sucrose breath test in 20 healthy adults. Starting from a standard conceptual model of sucrose metabolism, we determined the structural and practical identifiability of the model, using algebra and profile likelihoods, respectively, and we used these results to develop a reduced, identifiable model as a function of a gamma-distributed process, a slower, rate-limiting process, and a scaling term related to the fraction of the substrate that is exhaled as opposed to sequestered or excreted through urine. We demonstrated how the identifiable model parameters impacted curve dynamics and how these parameters correlated with commonly used breath test summary measures. Our work develops a better understanding of how the underlying biological processes impact different aspect of 13C breath test curves, enhancing the clinical and research potential of these 13C breath tests.
Optimization of κ-Selenocarrageenase Production by Pseudoalteromonas sp.X13 and Its Immobilization
Authors: Deng Yashan , Wang Xixi , Xu Hui , Liu Cui , Li Ran , Zhang Yuanyuan , Qu Changfeng , Miao Jinlai
Published: September 2022

The bioenzymatic production of selenium oligosaccharides addresses the problems resulted from high molecular weight and poor water solubility of κ-selenocarrageenan, and lays a foundation for its application as adjuvant drugs for cancer treatment, and food additive. κ-Selenocarrageenase extracted from Pseudoalteromonas sp. Xi13 can degrade κ-selenocarrageenan to selenium oligosaccharides. The maximum optimized κ-selenocarrageenase activity using RSM was increased by 1.4 times, reached 8.416 U/ mL, under the optimum fermentation conditions: 1.6% κ-selenocarrageenan, 3.7 mmol/L Ca2+, and 33℃. The immobilized κ-selenocarrageenase exhibits good stability, 58.28% of enzyme activity was remained after reusing for four times. Selenium content of κ-selenocarrageenan oligosaccharide degraded by immobilized κ-selenocarrageenase was 47.06 µg/g, 8.3% higher than that degraded by the lyophilized enzyme. The results indicate that immobilized κ-selenocarrageenase is suitable for industrial applications and has commercial potential.
Genotoxic alterations as biomarkers in fish from a protected area in southern Maranhão, Brazil
Authors: Sousa Debora , Rosa Rayssa , Pires Gabriella , de Araújo Fernando , Stragliotto Layla , Paz Fernanda Silva da , Paz Dannielle Silva da , Tchaicka Lígia , Carvalho-Neta Raimunda , Castro Jonatas da Silva
Published: September 2022

This study aimed to evaluate genotoxic biomarkers for monitoring two points in the Chapada das Mesas National Park (PNCM). Specimens of Leporinus taeniofasciatus and Hypostomus punctatus were collected in two waterfalls of the PNCM: Cachoeira São Romão (SRW) and Prata (PW). The stations were georeferenced by GPS (Global Position System) and in each region the physical-chemical parameters were recorded: pH, temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO) and conductivity. Biometric data were measured in the field. The blood of the animals was collected from the blood vessels of the gills, and the slides were made from the blood smear, with Giemsa staining, and 2000 cells were quantified per slide. Nuclear morphological alterations (AMN) were identified in the two species sampled for the two collection points. Among the AMN found, the following stand out: binucleated nuclei (NB), vacuolated nuclei (NV). Micronuclei (MN) were also found in both species, however, in L. taeniofasciatus the frequency of MN and AMN were higher in relation to H. punctatus. Probably, H. punctatus for being considered a benthic species and resistant to environmental conditions, presenting a lower frequency of genotoxic alterations in relation to L. taeniofasciatus, which is a species that presents a migratory habit and is sensitive to environmental variables. In addition, the frequency of MN and AMN were not significant to indicate possible environmental impacts in the two sampled areas. The data presented show that methodologies based on biomarkers in resident species can be used in future biomonitoring and park management programs.