bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Aqueous Media Carboxylative Cyclization of Propargylic Amines with CO2 Catalyzed by Amphiphilic Dendritic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Gold(I) Complexes.
Authors: Fujita Ken‐ichi , Sato Junichi , Inoue Kensuke , Tsuchimoto Teruhisa , Yasuda Hiroyuki
Published: October 2014

Optimized reaction conditions including a water soluble dentritic NHC‐gold complex allow the synthesis of 2‐oxazolidinones in moderate to good yields at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Ligand‐Free Synthesis of Benzoxazoles and Oxazolines via Isocyanide Insertion.
Authors: Zhu Yong‐Ming , Shen Jing‐Kang , Wang Jin‐Mei , Jiang Xiao , Tang Ting
Published: October 2014

An efficient route for the synthesis of the title compounds via nickel‐catalyzed three‐component coupling reaction of various iodobenzenes, an amino alcohol, and tert‐butylisocyanide is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Catalysis by Palladium—Nickel Binary Nanocluster for Suzuki—Miyaura Reaction of ortho‐Heterocycle‐Tethered Sterically Hindered Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Seth Kapileswar , Purohit Priyank , Chakraborti Asit K.
Published: October 2014

Efficient Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling of benzoxazoles having an ortho‐bromoaryl substituent in the 2‐position is achieved using a binary PdCl2—NiCl2 catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Transformation of (4‐Chloro‐5H‐1,2,3‐dithiazol‐5‐ylidene)acetonitriles to 3‐Haloisothiazole‐5‐carbonitriles.
Authors: Kalogirou Andreas S. , Christoforou Irene C. , Ioannidou Heraklidia A. , Manos Manolis J. , Koutentis Panayiotis A.
Published: October 2014

The title transformation can be mediated by gaseous HBr or HCl, and by triethylbenzylammonium chloride.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of Hydrazides with Isocyanides: Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐1,3,4‐oxadiazoles.
Authors: Fang Tao , Tan Qitao , Ding Zhengwei , Liu Bingxin , Xu Bin
Published: October 2014

The Pd‐catalyzed oxidative annulation of acetyl substituted hydrazides (I) through sequential isocyanide insertions into N‐H and O‐H bonds to afford 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles (III) in good yields is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Naphthoquinone‐Directed C—H Annulation and C(sp3)—H Bond Cleavage: One‐Pot Synthesis of Tetracyclic Naphthoxazoles.
Authors: Wang Meining , Zhang Chi , Sun Li‐Ping , Ding Chunyong , Zhang Ao
Published: October 2014

The title tandem reaction proceeds through substrate tautomerization, C—H activation, oxidative addition, cyclization, and aromatization.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Iodine‐Mediated Selective Oxidative Functionalization of (Thio)chromones with Alkanes.
Authors: Narayan Rishikesh , Antonchick Andrey P.
Published: October 2014

A selective and direct oxidative transition metal‐free protocol for cross‐coupling of (thio)chromones and nonfunctionalized alkanes is developed, providing a direct way to functionalize unactivated C(sp3)—H bonds with naturally abundant and biologically important chromones and thiochromones in a predictable manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Pyridinium Salts for Constructing Multiple Stereogenic Centers on Piperidines.
Authors: Kita Yusuke , Iimuro Atsuhiro , Hida Shoji , Mashima Kazushi
Published: October 2014

Substituted pyridinium salts of type (I) and (III) undergo asymmetric hydrogenation when chiral iridium dinuclear complexes such as DFP are used as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Initiated General‐Base‐Catalyzed Quinolone Synthesis.
Authors: Khong San , Kwon Ohyun
Published: October 2014

A new approach toward 3‐substituted‐4‐quinolones is developed by using PPh3 as a catalyst and S‐phenyl(N‐tosylamido)benzothioates and activated alkynes as educts, providing direct access to aroyl quinolones and methyl quinolonecarboxylate esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Additive Effects in the Palladium‐Catalyzed Carboiodination of Chiral N‐Allyl Carboxamides.
Authors: Petrone David A. , Yoon Hyung , Weinstabl Harald , Lautens Mark
Published: October 2014

In the presence of tertiary amines, especially 1,2,2,6,6‐pentamethylpiperidine, N‐allyl carboxamides undergo ring closure with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Amine‐Catalyzed Enantioselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Aldehydes to C,N‐Cyclic Azomethine Imines.
Authors: Li Wenjun , Jia Qianfa , Du Zhiyun , Zhang Kun , Wang Jian
Published: October 2014

The reactions between diversely substituted C,N‐cyclic azomethine imines and aldehydes proceed smoothly in the presence of a chiral prolinol silyl ether catalyst, providing the C‐1 substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines in a highly stereoselective fashion.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Catalyzed Bicyclization of Dialkyl Glutaconates with Cinnamoylacetamides: A Synthetic Strategy for Isoquinolinedione Derivatives.
Authors: Li Lei , Zhao Yu‐Long , Wang He , Li Yi‐Jin , Xu Xianxiu , Liu Qun
Published: October 2014

A domino strategy for the synthesis of polysubstituted dihydroisoquinolone (III)/(V) and isoquinolone derivatives (VI) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for the Preparation of 4‐Alkoxy‐Substituted Thieno[2,3‐b]pyridines.
Authors: Shinozuka Tsuyoshi , Saito Keiji , Naito Satoru
Published: October 2014

4‐Alkoxy‐2‐chloro‐3‐cyanopyridines, the key intermediates for the synthesis of the title compounds (V) and (IX), are obtained by nucleophilic substitution or Mitsunobu reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 4‐Substituted 2‐Methylthiopyrimidines.
Authors: Thomann Andreas , Boerger Carsten , Empting Martin , Hartmann Rolf W.
Published: October 2014

Pyrrol and indole do not react with (I) under the investigated conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Oxidative Synthesis of Quinazolinones via Dual Amination of sp3 C—H Bonds.
Authors: Zhao Dan , Wang Teng , Li Jian‐Xin
Published: October 2014

A novel synthesis of quinazolinones via dual amination of sp3 C—H bonds is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct N9‐Arylation of Purines with Aryl Halides
Authors: Larsen Anders Foller , Ulven Trond
Published: October 2014

catalyzed by a Cu(I)/phenanthroline complex
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid, Chromatography‐Free Route to Substituted Acridine—Isoalloxazine Conjugates under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Johns Stephen C. , Crouch Laurie L. E. , Grieve Stephen , Maloney Holly L. , Peczkowski Gary R. , Jones Allison E. , Sharp Duncan , Smith Robert B.
Published: October 2014

A two step condensation sequence allows the synthesis of the title species (V) and (VIII) from 9‐chloroacridines, phenylene diamines, and alloxan.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alternate Route to Substituted 6,7‐Dihydro 5H‐Dibenz[c,e]azepines from Allylbenzamides Derived from the Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Bhowmik Subhendu , Bhattacharyya Soumya , Batra Sanjay
Published: October 2014

The intermediate biaryl compounds are obtained as a mixture of atropisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization of Nitroacetamide Derivatives with a Tethered Phenyl Ring in Triflic Acid.
Authors: Fante Bamba , Soro Yaya , Siaka Sorho , Marrot Jerome , Coustard Jean‐Marie
Published: October 2014

Compounds (IIb) and (IIc) are obtained as triflate salts.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α,α′‐trans‐Oxepanes Through an Organocatalytic Oxa‐Conjugate Addition Reaction.
Authors: Lanier Megan L. , Kasper Amanda C. , Kim Hyoungsu , Hong Jiyong
Published: October 2014

Intramolecular oxa‐conjugate addition of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and subsequent reduction provides α,α′‐trans‐oxepanes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Strain Induced Change of Mechanism from a [2 + 2 + 2] to a [2 + 1 + 2 + 1] Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Tran‐Van Anne‐Florence , Goetz Silas , Neuburger Markus , Wegner Hermann A.
Published: October 2014

The reaction of macrocycle (I) with alkynes produces unexpected compounds (III) via formal [2 + 1 + 2 + 1] cycloaddition instead of the expected [2 + 2 + 2] cycloadducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Cooperative Iron/Copper Catalysis to a Palladium‐Free Borylation of Aryl Bromides with Pinacolborane.
Authors: Labre Flavien , Gimbert Yves , Bannwarth Pierre , Olivero Sandra , Dunach Elisabet , Chavant Pierre Y.
Published: October 2014

The copper/iron catalytic system is operative at low temperatures and allows the borylation of aryl bromides at ‐10°C.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Silylamines by Meerwein—Ponndorf—Verley‐Type Reduction of α‐Silylimines by a Chiral Lithium Amide.
Authors: Kondo Yasuhiro , Sasaki Michiko , Kawahata Masatoshi , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Takeda Kei
Published: October 2014

A new and efficient high enantioselective method for the synthesis of a wide variety of α‐silylimines is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Access to Enantioenriched Dihydropyran Phosphonates via an Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Weise Christian F. , Lauridsen Vibeke H. , Rambo Raoni S. , Iversen Eva H. , Olsen Marie‐Luise , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: October 2014

The presented reaction, catalyzed by a bifunctional squaramide containing aminocatalyst is applicable to aliphatic, as well as aromatic α,β‐unsaturated acyl phosphonates bearing electron‐withdrawing or donating substituents to give good to high yields and good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient One‐Pot Multi‐Component Synthesis of α‐Aminophosphonates and Bis‐α‐aminophosphonates Catalyzed by Heterogeneous Reusable Silica Supported Dodecatungstophosphoric Acid (DTP/SiO2) at Ambient Temperature and Their Antitubercular Evaluation Against Mycobactrium tuberculosis.
Authors: Mulla Shafeek A. R. , Pathan Mohsinkhan Y. , Chavan Santosh S. , Gample Suwara P. , Sarkar Dhiman
Published: October 2014

The compounds (IVd) and (VIIa) show promising antitubercular activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Leishmanicidal Triterpenes from Lantana camara.
Authors: Begum Sabira , Ayub Anjum , Qamar Zehra Syeda , Shaheen Siddiqui Bina , Iqbal Choudhary M. , Samreen Samreen
Published: October 2014

isolation, structure elucidation and leishmanicidal activity of two new triterpenes, lantaninilic acid (I) and lantoic acid (II) along with six known triterpenes
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Fuzinoside.
Authors: He Ping , Li Xiao‐Huan , Chen Qiao‐Hong , Yang Jing‐Song , Wang Feng‐Peng
Published: October 2014

The first total synthesis of fuzinoside from D‐galactose is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Protecting Group Free Synthesis of Urea‐Linked Glycoconjugates: Efficient Synthesis of β‐Urea Glycosides in Aqueous Solution.
Authors: Ichikawa Yoshiyasu , Minami Takahiro , Kusaba Shohei , Saeki Nobuyoshi , Tonegawa Yuta , Tomita Yumiko , Nakano Keiji , Kotsuki Hiyoshizo , Masuda Toshiya
Published: October 2014

The title method is applicable to the synthesis of β‐urea tethered amino acid—carbohydrate conjugates, such as (IX).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel UDP‐Carbasugar as UDP‐Galactopyranose Mutase Inhibitor.
Authors: El Bkassiny Sandy , N'Go Ines , Sevrain Charlotte M. , Tikad Abdellatif , Vincent Stephane P.
Published: October 2014

The synthesis of the novel UDP‐carbasugar (IV) involves the construction of the cyclohexene ring by a ring‐closing metathesis as the key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Lycorine‐Type Alkaloids by Cyclopropyl Ring‐Opening Rearrangement.
Authors: Liu Dandan , Ai Long , Li Fan , Zhao Annan , Chen Jingbo , Zhang Hongbin , Liu Jianping
Published: October 2014

Three lycorine‐type alkaloids are prepared by a new synthetic method.
ChemInform Abstract: Longphyllinesides A (I) and B (II): Natural Diels—Alder Adducts from Daphniphyllum longeracemosum?
Authors: Di Ying‐Tong , Wee Chorng‐Shin , Li Chun‐Shun , Kong Ning‐Chuan , Wang Jun‐Song , Fang Xin , Zhu Hua‐Jie , Wu Yun‐Dong , Hao Xiao‐Jiang
Published: October 2014

It is indicated that a Diels‐Alder reaction is the key step in the biogenetic pathway of the title alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: Antifungal Bromophenols from Marine Red Alga Symphyocladia latiuscula.
Authors: Xu Xiuli , Yin Liyuan , Gao Junhai , Gao Lijie , Song Fuhang
Published: October 2014

Three new highly brominated polyphenols (I), (II) are isolated along with one known bromophenol.
ChemInform Abstract: Mg‐Based Nanocomposites with Improved Hydrogen Storage Performances
Authors: Liu Tong , Wang Chenxi , Wu Ying
Published: October 2014

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Genetic Aspects of Borophosphate Crystal Chemistry
Authors: Yakubovich Olga , Steele Ian , Massa Werner
Published: October 2014

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Critical Evaluation and Thermodynamic Optimization of Mg—Ga System and Effect of Low Pressure on Phase Equilibria
Authors: Kang Youn‐Bae , Jeong Jiwon , Oh Sang Ho
Published: October 2014

Review: 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Aspects of Ceria‐Zrconia Solid Solution: Part 1. An Update in the Synthesis, Properties and Chemical Reactions of Ceria Zirconia Solid Solution
Authors: Pudukudy Manoj , Yaakob Zahira
Published: October 2014

Review: 348 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal and Rare‐Earth‐Metal Redox Couples Inside Carbon Cages: Fullerenes Acting as Innocent Ligands
Authors: Zhang Yang , Popov Alexey A.
Published: October 2014

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Systematic Approach for the Bonding in Ferrocene
Authors: Jana Jibanananda
Published: October 2014

Review: 3 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Alternative Route to Enantiopure Multicomponent Reaction Products: Biocatalytic or Organocatalytic Enantioselective Production of Inputs for Multicomponent Reactions.
Authors: Banfi Luca , Basso Andrea , Moni Lisa , Riva Renata
Published: October 2014

Review: [52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mimicking Nature with Synthetic Macromolecules Capable of Recognition
Authors: Mahon Clare S. , Fulton David A.
Published: October 2014

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct C sp2—H and C sp3—H Arylation Enabled by Heterogeneous Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Djakovitch Laurent , Felpin Francois‐Xavier
Published: October 2014

Review: [43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligands Control Reactivity and Selectivity in Palladium‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Unactivated C sp3—H Bonds
Authors: Fernandez‐Ibanez M. Angeles
Published: October 2014

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand‐Assisted Iron Catalysis in the Direct Functionalization of C—H Bonds
Authors: Mihovilovic Marko D. , Schnuerch Michael
Published: October 2014

Review: 20 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Catalytic C—N Bond Formation: A Comparison of Cascade Hydroaminomethylation and Reductive Amination Reactions with the Corresponding Hydroamidomethylation and Reductive Amidation Reactions
Authors: Raoufmoghaddam Saeed
Published: October 2014

Review: 136 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Medium Organic Synthesis over Active and Reusable Organometal Catalysts with Tunable Nanostructures
Authors: Zhang Fang , Li Hexing
Published: October 2014

Review: [85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Azides: “Energetic Reagents” for the Intermolecular Amination of C—H Bonds
Authors: Intrieri Daniela , Zardi Paolo , Caselli Alessandro , Gallo Emma
Published: October 2014

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorine‐Containing Benzimidazoles and Their [a]‐ and [b]Heteroanellated Derivatives: Synthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Lipunova G. N. , Nosova E. V. , Charushin V. N.
Published: October 2014

Review: 79 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Addition‐Initiated Domino Reactions of Conjugated Oxime Ethers
Authors: Ueda Masafumi
Published: October 2014

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitroso Diels—Alder (NDA) Reaction as an Efficient Tool for the Functionalization of Diene‐Containing Natural Products
Authors: Carosso Serena , Miller Marvin J.
Published: October 2014

Review: [170 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trends in Research on Electrochemical Oxidation
Authors: Li Hongna , Shi Zhiwei , Zhu Changxiong
Published: October 2014

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Potassium Carbonate in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Mondal Rina , Mallik Asok K.
Published: October 2014

Review: 168 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nucleoside Phosphate and Phosphonate Prodrugs
Authors: Pradere Ugo , Garnier‐Amblard Ethel C. , Coats Steven J. , Amblard Franck , Schinazi Raymond F.
Published: October 2014

Review: 390 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphazenes
Authors: Stewart Frederick F.
Published: October 2014

Review: recent developments in phosphazene chemistry such as non‐ionic phosphazenes fodrug delivery, tissue engineering applications, immunoadjuvants, elastomeric po lyphosphazenes, cyclotriphosphazenes, metal complexes and nanomaterials; 95 ref.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemically Generated Organometallic Reagents and Site‐Selective Synthesis on a Microelectrode Array
Authors: Moeller Kevin D.
Published: October 2014

Review: 68 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Modifications Bart, Bechamp, Mayer, Rosenmund, Scheller, Sherlyn‐Braz Reactions with Halides of Arsenic, Antimony and Bismuth
Authors: Zhakenovich Aibassov Erkin , Kenzhalievich Kenzhaliev Bagdaulet , Ainura Berkinbaeva , Marzhan Chukmanova , Renata Iskhakova
Published: October 2014

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Chemistry of Monocyclic Amino‐ and Nitrofuroxans
Authors: Makhova N. N. , Kulikov A. S.
Published: October 2014

Review: synthesis and reactivity of monocyclic amino‐/nitro‐substituted furoxans publihed in the last 20 to 25 years; 111 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Susceptibility of Uranium Complexes
Authors: Kindra Douglas R. , Evans William J.
Published: October 2014

Review: 217 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Au—Ni and Au—Fe Heterometallic Systems: An X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Naumkin A. V. , Vasil'kov A. Yu.
Published: October 2014

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Biocatalytic Repertoire of Natural Biaryl Formation
Authors: Aldemir Huelya , Richarz Rene , Gulder Tobias A. M.
Published: October 2014

Review: [selected examples of biocatalytic oxidative cross‐coupling strategies in the biosynthesis of natural products; 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Trends in Research of Antitrypanosomal Agents Among Synthetic Heterocycles
Authors: Kryshchyshyn Anna , Kaminskyy Danylo , Grellier Philippe , Lesyk Roman
Published: October 2014

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Molecular Targets for Antihyperlipidemic Drug Research
Authors: Arya Nikhilesh , Kharjul Mangesh D. , Shishoo Chamanlal J. , Thakare Vishnu N. , Jain Kishor S.
Published: October 2014

Review: 296 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Releasing Agents: Chemistry and Biological Applications
Authors: Zhao Yu , Biggs Tyler D. , Xian Ming
Published: October 2014

Review: [156 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Environmentally Benign Approaches for the Synthesis of CZTSSe Nanocrystals by a Hot Injection Method: A Status Review
Authors: Ghorpade Uma , Suryawanshi Mahesh , Shin Seung Wook , Gurav Kishor , Patil Pramod , Pawar Sambhaji , Hong Chang Woo , Kim Jin Hyeok , Kolekar Sanjay
Published: October 2014

Review: [100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Potential of Using Biomass‐Based Reducing Agents in the Blast Furnace: A Review of Thermochemical Conversion Technologies and Assessments Related to Sustainability
Authors: Suopajarvi Hannu , Pongracz Eva , Fabritius Timo
Published: October 2014

Review: 167 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Chemistry: A Key Method for a Sustainable Chemistry
Authors: Sautet Philippe
Published: October 2014

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Nucleic Acid Identification Using Solid‐Phase Enzymatic Assays
Authors: Khodakov Dmitriy A. , Ellis Amanda V.
Published: October 2014

Review: 101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Target‐Oriented Analysis of Gaseous, Liquid and Solid Chemical Systems by Mass Spectrometry, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Electron Microscopy
Authors: Kachala V. V. , Khemchyan L. L. , Kashin A. S. , Orlov N. V. , Grachev A. A. , Zalesskiy S. S. , Ananikov V. P.
Published: October 2014

Review: 362 refs.
A generalized class of skew distributions and associated robust quantile regression models
Authors: Wichitaksorn Nuttanan , Choy S. T. Boris , Gerlach Richard
Published: October 2014

This article proposes a generalized class of univariate skew distributions that are constructed through partitioning two scaled mixture of normal (Gaussian) distributions. The proposed distributions have a skewness parameter defined in the interval (0,1), allowing direct application to parametric quantile regression. Employing scale mixture of normals facilitates efficient estimation via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. Two simulation studies, one on estimation with skew error regression models, the other on parametric quantile regression models reveal favourable estimation properties. Two corresponding empirical studies, one analysing U.S. market returns, the other on infant birthweight data further illustrate the proposed distributions and their estimation.The Canadian Journal of Statistics42: 579–596; 2014 © 2014 Statistical Society of Canada
Follow‐up and clinical significance of unsatisfactory liquid‐based Papanicolaou tests
Authors: Owens Christopher L. , Buist Diana S.M. , Peterson Daniel , Kamineni Aruna , Weinmann Sheila , Ross Tyler , Williams Andrew E. , Stark Azadeh , Adams Kenneth F. , Doubeni Chyke A. , Field Terry S.
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

To the authors' knowledge, few studies to date have examined adherence to recommended guidelines for follow‐up and outcomes after an unsatisfactory Papanicolaou (Pap) test (UPT) with liquid‐based technologies.

METHODS

Within 4 US health plans, the median time to follow‐up and the percentage of patients with follow‐up testing by 120 days was calculated after a UPT. Multivariable analyses evaluated the association between clinical factors and follow‐up testing. The authors compared the risk of a diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of type 2 or worse (CIN2+) after a UPT with the risk after a satisfactory Pap test while controlling for study site, test year, and other covariates.

RESULTS

A total of 634,644 Pap tests performed between 2004 and 2010 were included in the current study. Of 1442 UPTs, 53.4% had follow‐up testing within 120 days; follow‐up differed across the health plans (P<.001) and was found to be higher among patients aged <50 years (57.2% vs 48.8%; P = .01) and those with positive human papillomavirus (HPV) results (84.6% vs 53.9; P <.01). The risk of CIN2+ was similar for patients with both unsatisfactory and satisfactory Pap tests. However, after a UPT, the variables of age <50 years, having no previous history of Pap testing, having a history of a previous abnormal Pap test, and positive HPV status were all found to be risk factors for CIN2+; a positive HPV test was found to be the strongest risk factor for developing CIN2+. A negative HPV test result was protective for a CIN2+ diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Various clinical factors associated with the risk of CIN2+ appear to influence the receipt of follow‐up after a UPT. HPV test results in patients with UPTs might be used in follow‐up strategies; specifically, a negative test result might reduce the urgency for repeat Pap testing. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:59–65. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
ActiveSpaces: Exploring dynamic code deployment for extreme scale data processing
Authors: Docan Ciprian , Zhang Fan , Jin Tong , Bui Hoang , Sun Qian , Cummings Julian , Podhorszki Norbert , Klasky Scott , Parashar Manish
Published: October 2014

Managing the large volumes of data produced by emerging scientific and engineering simulations running on leadership‐class resources has become a critical challenge. The data have to be extracted off the computing nodes and transported to consumer nodes so that it can be processed, analyzed, visualized, archived, and so on. Several recent research efforts have addressed data‐related challenges at different levels. One attractive approach is to offload expensive input/output operations to a smaller set of dedicated computing nodes known as a staging area. However, even using this approach, the data still have to be moved from the staging area to consumer nodes for processing, which continues to be a bottleneck. In this paper, we investigate an alternate approach, namely moving the data‐processing code to the staging area instead of moving the data to the data‐processing code. Specifically, we describe the ActiveSpaces framework, which provides (1) programming support for defining the data‐processing routines to be downloaded to the staging area and (2) runtime mechanisms for transporting codes associated with these routines to the staging area, executing the routines on the nodes that are part of the staging area, and returning the results. We also present an experimental performance evaluation of ActiveSpaces using applications running on the Cray XT5 at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Finally, we use a coupled fusion application workflow to explore the trade‐offs between transporting data and transporting the code required for data processing during coupling, and we characterize sweet spots for each option. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Q and B values are critical measurements required for inter‐instrument standardization and development of multicolor flow cytometry staining panels
Authors: Perfetto Stephen P. , Chattopadhyay Pratip K. , Wood James , Nguyen Richard , Ambrozak David , Hill Juliane P. , Roederer Mario
Published: October 2014

Much of the complexity of multicolor flow cytometry experiments lies within the development of antibody staining panels and the standardization of instruments. In this article, we propose a theoretical metric and describe how measurements of sensitivity and resolution can be used to predict the success of panels, and ensure that performance across instruments is standardized (i.e., inter‐instrument standardization). Sensitivity can be determined by summing two major contributors of background, background originating from the instrument (optical noise and electronic noise) and background due to the experimental conditions (i.e., Raman scatter, and spillover spreading arising from other fluorochromes in the panel). The former we define as Bcal and the latter we define as Bsos. The combination of instrument and experiment background is defined as Btot. Importantly, the Btot will affect the degree of panel separation, therefore the greater the degree of Btot the lower the separation potential. In contrast, resolution is a measure of separation between populations. Resolution is directly proportional to the number of photoelectrons generated per molecule of excited fluorochrome and is known as the “Q” value. Q and Btot values can be used to define the performance of each detector on an instrument and together they can be used to calculate a separation index. Hence, detectors with known Q and Btot values can be used to evaluate panel success based on the detector specific separation index. However, the current technologies do not enable measurements of Q and Btot values for all parameters, but new technology to allow these measurements will likely be introduced in the near future. Nonetheless, Q and Btot measurements can aid in panel development, and reveal sources of instrument‐to‐instrument variation in panel performance. In addition, Q and B values can form the basis for a comprehensive and versatile quality assurance program. Published 2014 Wiley Periodicals Inc.
Quality assessment program forEuroFlow protocols: Summary results of four‐year (2010–2013) quality assurance rounds
Authors: Kalina Tomas , Flores‐Montero Juan , Lecrevisse Quentin , Pedreira Carlos E. , van der Velden Vincent H. J. , Novakova Michaela , Mejstrikova Ester , Hrusak Ondrej , Böttcher Sebastian , Karsch Dennis , Sędek Łukasz , Trinquand Amelie , Boeckx Nancy , Caetano Joana , Asnafi Vahid , Lucio Paulo , Lima Margarida , Helena Santos Ana , Bonaccorso Paola , van der Sluijs‐Gelling Alita J. , Langerak Anton W. , Martin‐Ayuso Marta , Szczepański Tomasz , van Dongen Jacques J. M. , Orfao Alberto
Published: October 2014

Flow cytometric immunophenotyping has become essential for accurate diagnosis, classification, and disease monitoring in hemato‐oncology. The EuroFlow Consortium has established a fully standardized “all‐in‐one” pipeline consisting of standardized instrument settings, reagent panels, and sample preparation protocols and software for data analysis and disease classification. For its reproducible implementation, parallel development of a quality assurance (QA) program was required. Here, we report on the results of four consecutive annual rounds of the novel external QA EuroFlow program. The novel QA scheme aimed at monitoring the whole flow cytometric analysis process (cytometer setting, sample preparation, acquisition and analysis) by reading the median fluorescence intensities (MedFI) of defined lymphocytes' subsets. Each QA participant applied the predefined reagents' panel on blood cells of local healthy donors. A uniform gating strategy was applied to define lymphocyte subsets and to read MedFI values per marker. The MedFI values were compared with reference data and deviations from reference values were quantified using performance score metrics. In four annual QA rounds, we analyzed 123 blood samples from local healthy donors on 14 different instruments in 11 laboratories from nine European countries. The immunophenotype of defined cellular subsets appeared sufficiently standardized to permit unified (software) data analysis. The coefficient of variation of MedFI for 7 of 11 markers performed repeatedly below 30%, average MedFI in each QA round ranged from 86 to 125% from overall median. Calculation of performance scores was instrumental to pinpoint standardization failures and their causes. Overall, the new EuroFlow QA system for the first time allowed to quantify the technical variation that is introduced in the measurement of fluorescence intensities in a multicentric setting over an extended period of time. EuroFlow QA is a proficiency test specific for laboratories that use standardized EuroFlow protocols. It may be used to complement, but not replace, established proficiency tests. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Influence of topography on wind speed over a coastal dune and blowout system at Jockey's Ridge, NC, USA
Authors: Garès Paul A. , Pease Patrick
Published: October 2014

This study examines the spatial distribution of wind speed across a coastal dune system located at Jockey's Ridge State Park, North Carolina. The study area consists of a trough blowout through a foredune ridge, and the landforms that have developed behind the foredune. Wind speed and direction were measured simultaneously with single sensors placed at a fixed height in 13 locations across the blowout/dune complex. Fractional wind speed‐up is computed for sampling stations using data from a mast located on the beach as the reference. Results show that wind speeds were generally accelerated across the study site. The highest speeds were recorded on the foredune ridges adjacent to the blowout. Wind was accelerated through the center of the blowout throat and along the downwind lateral wall. Further into the blowout, at the base of the ramp to the depositional lobe, higher wind speeds shifted to the upwind lateral wall and continued to accelerate up the ramp as air exited to the rear. Significant variations in the wind speed‐up pattern were associated with different wind approach angles, with greater speed‐up occurring when the winds were aligned normal to the dune system. The speed‐up decreased as the angle of approach became increasingly oblique to the ridge. The patterns of wind speed‐up across the site point to the influence of topography on airflow. To quantify the relationship, measures of several topographic variables were obtained along sample transects running upwind from each sample station along flow lines representing different wind approach angles. Examination of correlation coefficients between wind speed‐up and topographic variables suggests that for groups of stations with similar topographic characteristics, 30–50% of the variations in speed‐up may be explained by the upwind topographic variability. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Energy and the Environment: Fowl Play: Lesser Prairie Chicken to End Western Energy Boom?
Authors: Lesser Jonathan A.
Published: October 2014

Last March, the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) listed the western prairie chicken (Exhibit 1) as “threatened.”1 Under federal law, a “threatened” listing means the species is likely to become in danger of extinction within the foreseeable future. In effect, it is endangered species “lite.”
Consumer Health Information and the Demand for Physician Visits
Authors: Schmid Christian
Published: October 2014

The present study empirically investigates the effect of consumer health information on the demand for physician visits. Using a direct information measure based on questions from the Swiss Health Survey, we estimate a Poisson hurdle model for office visits. We find that information has a negative effect on health care utilization, contradicting previous findings in the literature. We consider differences in the used information measures to be the most likely explanation for the different findings. However, our results suggest that increasing consumer health information has the potential to reduce health care expenditures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perspective: lessons from the past
Authors: Holland Walter W.
Published: October 2014

A considered analysis of some factors used in the past 50–70 years in medical education, care on a hospital ward, organisation of health services, medical research and the attitudes of media and politics to health services is described. The possible reasons for changes in these areas over time are considered, and recommendations are made in each area on how current practice could be improved in the light of past experience. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PINCH‐2 presents functional copy number variation and suppresses migration of colon cancer cells by paracrine activity
Authors: Park Chan Hee , Rha Sun Young , Ahn Joong Bae , Shin Sang Joon , Kwon Woo Sun , Kim Tae Soo , An Sungwhan , Kim Nam Kyu , Yang Woo‐ick , Chung Hyun Cheol
Published: October 2014

In recent years, characterization of cancer and its environment has become necessary. However, studies of the cancer microenvironment remain insufficient. Copy number variations (CNVs) occur in 40% of cancer‐related genes, but few studies have reported the correlation between CNVs in morphologically normal tissues adjacent to cancer and cancer progression. In this study, we evaluated cancer cell migration and invasion according to the genetic differences between cancer tissues and their surrounding normal tissues. To study the field cancerization effect, we screened 89 systemic metastasis‐related CNVs from morphologically normal tissues adjacent to colon cancers. Among these CNVs, LIM and senescent cell antigen‐like domain 2 (PINCH‐2) showed copy number amplification and upregulation of mRNA in the nonrelapsed group compared to the systemic relapse group. PINCH‐2 expression in colon cancer cells was lower than that in normal epithelial colon cells at both the protein and mRNA levels. Suppression of PINCH‐2 resulted in decreased formation of the PINCH‐2‐IPP (PINCH‐2, integrin‐linked kinase and α‐parvin) complex and reciprocally increased formation of the PINCH‐1‐IPP complex. Although PINCH‐2 expression of survival pathway‐related proteins (Akt and phospho‐Akt) did not change upon suppression of PINCH‐2 expression, cell migration‐related proteins [matrix‐metalloproteinase (MMP)−9 and −11] were upregulated through autocrine and paracrine activation. Thus, PINCH‐2 participates in decreased systemic recurrence by competitively regulating IPP complex formation with PINCH‐1, thereby suppressing autocrine and paracrine effects on motility in colon cancer. This genetic change in morphologically normal tissue suggests a field cancerization effect of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression.
Use of simeprevir following pre‐emptive pegylated interferon/ribavirin treatment for recurrent hepatitis C in living donor liver transplant recipients: a 12‐week pilot study
Authors: Tanaka Tomohiro , Sugawara Yasuhiko , Akamatsu Nobuhisa , Kaneko Junichi , Tamura Sumihito , Aoki Taku , Sakamoto Yoshihiro , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kurosaki Masayuki , Izumi Namiki , Kokudo Norihiro
Published: October 2014

Background

The management of recurrent hepatitis C following liver transplantation remains a challenge.

Methods

We prospectively investigated the efficacy and safety of simeprevir in combination with pegylated interferon and ribavirin in five patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) with recurrent hepatitis due to hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b.

Results

As the immunosuppressive regimen, four received cyclosporine A (CsA) and one received tacrolimus (FK); no dose adjustment was made prior to the introduction of simeprevir, but the dose was accordingly modified afterwards. All five patients completed the intended 12‐week treatment course without significant adverse events greater than grade 2, and no episodes of rejection were detected during the study period. The trough levels of CsA and FK were stably maintained. At week 12, HCV‐RNA was not detectable in three of the five patients, whereas the HCV titer of the other two patients, including one with Q80L and V170I mutations at the HCV NS3 position, was at the lower level of quantification (1.2 log10 IU/ml).

Conclusions

Based on this pilot study, simeprevir‐based triple therapy is safe and somewhat effective within the first 12 weeks in LDLT recipients with HCV recurrence. Further studies are warranted to obtain robust conclusions.
Intention Tremor of the Legs in Essential Tremor: Prevalence and Clinical Correlates
Authors: Kestenbaum Meir , Michalec Monika , Yu Qiping , Pullman Seth L. , Louis Elan D.
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and assess the clinical correlates of intention tremor in the legs in essential tremor (ET) patients. The cerebellar features of ET are of growing interest to clinical neurologists. Arm tremor has an intentional component in many ET patients. Intention tremor in the legs, however, has never been systematically evaluated. One hundred twenty‐eight ET patients were enrolled in a clinical‐epidemiological study at Columbia University (New York, NY). A videotaped neurological examination included 10 toe‐to‐target movements with each foot. Videotapes were independently reviewed by two movement disorder neurologists who noted the presence versus absence of intentional leg tremor. Two patients underwent quantitative computerized tremor analysis to study the physiological characteristics of the tremor. Thirty‐five patients (27.3%) had intentional leg tremor; in 21, tremor was unilateral and in 14 it was bilateral. The 35 patients with intentional leg tremor did not differ from the remaining 93 in their clinical characteristics. Analyses comparing the 14 patients with bilateral intentional leg tremor to the 93 with no intentional leg tremor showed trends toward longer disease duration and more‐severe intentional arm tremor in the former. Tremor analysis showed a 3‐fold increase in average tremor amplitude from movement onset to the point just before touching the target. Our data suggest that intentional leg tremor, another cerebellar feature, is common in ET patients. The tremor may be associated with longer disease duration and more‐severe intentional arm tremor, but these preliminary trends need to be assessed in larger study samples.
Unexpected peaks in tandem mass spectra due to reaction of product ions with residual water in mass spectrometer collision cells
Authors: Neta Pedatsur , Farahani Mahnaz , Simón‐Manso Yamil , Liang Yuxue , Yang Xiaoyu , Stein Stephen E.
Published: October 2014

RATIONALE

Certain product ions in electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry are found to react with residual water in the collision cell. This reaction often leads to the formation of ions that cannot be formed directly from the precursor ions, and this complicates the mass spectra and may distort MRM (multiple reaction monitoring) results.

METHODS

Various drugs, pesticides, metabolites, and other compounds were dissolved in acetonitrile/water/formic acid and studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to record their MS2 and MSn spectra in several mass spectrometers (QqQ, QTOF, IT, and Orbitrap HCD). Certain product ions were found to react with residual water in collision cells. The reaction was confirmed by MSn studies and the rate of reaction was determined in the IT instrument using zero collision energy and variable activation times.

RESULTS

Examples of product ions reacting with water include phenyl and certain substituted phenyl cations, benzoyl‐type cations formed from protonated folic acid and similar compounds by loss of the glutamate moiety, product ions formed from protonated cyclic siloxanes by loss of methane, product ions formed from organic phosphates, and certain negative ions. The reactions of product ions with residual water varied greatly in their rate constant and in the extent of reaction (due to isomerization).

CONCLUSIONS

Various types of product ions react with residual water in mass spectrometer collision cells. As a result, tandem mass spectra may contain unexplained peaks and MRM results may be distorted by the occurrence of such reactions. These often unavoidable reactions must be taken into account when annotating peaks in tandem mass spectra and when interpreting MRM results. Published in 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Naphthodithiophenes: Emerging Building Blocks for Organic Electronics
Authors: Takimiya Kazuo , Osaka Itaru
Published: October 2014

Linear‐fused naphthodithiophenes (NDTs) are emerging building blocks in the development of new semiconducting small molecules, oligomers, and polymers. The promising nature of NDT‐based materials as organic semiconductors has been demonstrated by superior device characteristics in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) and organic photovoltaics (OPVs) in the last few years. In particular, it is quite impressive that a power conversion efficiency as high as 8.2% has been achieved for a single‐junction OPV cell consisting of NDT‐based semiconducting polymers and a fullerene derivative in such a short period of time. Here, we provide an overview of recent synthetic evolutions in NDT chemistry and progress in NDT‐based materials, especially conjugated oligomers and polymers and their applications to OFETs and OPVs.
Chains of Condensed IrIn7 Polyhedra in Ir2In12Ga4O15
Authors: Köhler Jürgen , Dinnebier Robert , Friedrich Holger A. , Fitch Andrew
Published: October 2014

The new low valent iridiumindiumoxogallate Ir2In12Ga4O15 was prepared by heating intimate mixtures of Ir, In, In2O3, and Ga2O3 in a platinum crucible under an atmosphere of argon (1400 K, 70 h). The compound has an orange color. X‐ray powder diffraction patterns can be indexed on the basis of a primitive orthorhombic unit cell with lattice parameters a = 1954.5(1) pm, b = 674.0(1) pm, and c = 745.9(1) pm. The crystal structure of Ir2In12Ga4O15 was solved from powder diffraction data and refined using the Rietveld method (Pnn2, R(prof.) = 4.4 %, R(int.) = 2.5 %). Ir2In12Ga4O15 is according to [IrIn5In2/2]9+2[GaO4]5–2[Ga2O7]8– an ortho‐gallate‐pyro‐gallate with chains of corner sharing [IrIn7]9+ polyhedra, [GaO4]5–2 tetrahedra, and [Ga2O7]8– double tetrahedra. The Ir–In distances within the IrIn7 polyhedra are shorter than in Ir–In intermetallic phases and lie between 256–261 pm.
Solid Solution Series between CdIn2Te4 and AgInTe2 Investigated by Resonant X‐ray Scattering
Authors: Welzmiller Simon , Hennersdorf Felix , Fitch Andy , Oeckler Oliver
Published: October 2014

AgInTe2 and CdIn2Te4 exhibit structures related to the chalcopyrite type. They form a solid solution (CdIn2Te4)x(Ag2In2Te4)1–x with a miscibility gap for 0.5 < x < 0.95. Such compounds are interesting for the application in solar cells or as thermoelectric materials. Joint refinements of high‐resolution synchrotron powder diffraction data for CdIn2Te4, Ag0.75Cd0.125InTe2 (x = 0.25) and Ag0.6Cd0.2InTe2 (x = 0.4) measured at the K‐absorption edges of Ag, Cd, In, Te and far away from these edges yield unambiguous information on the element and vacancy distribution. In CdIn2Te4, the vacancies are completely ordered and cadmium and indium are uniformly distributed over both cation positions. Ag0.75Cd0.125InTe2 and Ag0.6Cd0.2InTe2, which represent different Cd contents associated with different vacancy concentrations, exhibit disordered chalcopyrite‐type structures. The vacancies concentrate on the Ag position of AgInTe2 with additional Ag, Cd and little In, whereas the In position remains predominantly occupied by In, little Ag, and almost no Cd.
Nonlinear interactions between the two wakes behind a pair of square cylinders
Authors: Mizushima J. , Hatsuda G.
Published: October 2014

Nonlinear interactions between the two wakes behind a pair of square cylinders, which are placed side by side in a uniform flow, are investigated by the linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses and numerical simulations. It is known from the linear stability analysis that the flow past a pair of cylinders becomes unstable to a symmetric or an antisymmetric mode of disturbance, depending on the gap ratio, the ratio of the gap distance between the two cylinders to the cylinder diameter. The antisymmetric mode gives the critical condition for smaller gap ratios than a threshold value, and for larger gap ratios the symmetric mode becomes the most unstable. We focus on the flow pattern arising through the nonlinear interactions of the two modes of disturbance for gap ratios around the threshold value when both modes are growing. We derive a couple of amplitude equations for the two modes to properly describe the nonlinear interaction between them by applying the weakly nonlinear stability theory. The amplitude equations are shown to have three equilibrium solutions except the null solution such as a mixed-mode solution, symmetric and antisymmetric single-mode solutions. Examination of the stability of each equilibrium solution leads to a conclusion that the mixed-mode solution exchange its stability with both the symmetric and the antisymmetric single-mode solutions simultaneously. In the case where the mixed-mode solution is stable, both the symmetric and antisymmetric modes have finite amplitudes, and the resultant flow has an asymmetric flow pattern comprising of finite amplitudes of the two modes of disturbance superposed on the steady symmetric flow. While in the case where both the single-mode solutions are stable, either of the symmetric- and antisymmetric-mode solutions survives, overwhelming the other. Then, if the symmetric mode attains at an equilibrium finite amplitude and the antisymmetric mode vanishes, the resultant flow is symmetric, and if the antisymmetric mode survives and the symmetric mode decays out, the flow becomes asymmetric with the antisymmetric mode of disturbance superposed on the steady symmetric flow. Thus, the flow appearing due to instability differs depending on the initial condition, not uniquely determined, when both single-mode solutions are stable. We numerically delineated the region in the parameter space of the gap ratio and the Reynolds number where the mixed-mode solution is stable. The theoretical results obtained from the weakly nonlinear stability analyses are confirmed by numerical simulations. The conclusion derived from the stability analysis of the equilibrium solutions of the amplitude equations is widely applicable also to other double Hopf bifurcation problems.