bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermomechanical Modeling of the Formation of a Multilevel, Crustal‐Scale Magmatic System by the Yellowstone Plume
Authors: Colón D. P. , Bindeman I. N. , Gerya T. V.
Published: April 2018

Geophysical imaging of the Yellowstone supervolcano shows a broad zone of partial melt interrupted by an amagmatic gap at depths of 15–20 km. We reproduce this structure through a series of regional‐scale magmatic‐thermomechanical forward models which assume that magmatic dikes stall at rheologic discontinuities in the crust. We find that basaltic magmas accumulate at the Moho and at the brittle‐ductile transition, which naturally forms at depths of 5–10 km. This leads to the development of a 10‐ to 15‐km thick midcrustal sill complex with a top at a depth of approximately 10 km, consistent with geophysical observations of the pre‐Yellowstone hot spot track. We show a linear relationship between melting rates in the mantle and rhyolite eruption rates along the hot spot track. Finally, melt production rates from our models suggest that the Yellowstone plume is ~175°C hotter than the surrounding mantle and that the thickness of the overlying lithosphere is ~80 km.
The transcription-repair coupling factor Mfd associates with RNA polymerase in the absence of exogenous damage
Authors: Ho Han N. , van Oijen Antoine M. , Ghodke Harshad
Published: April 2018

During transcription elongation, bacterial RNA polymerase (RNAP) can pause, backtrack or stall when transcribing template DNA. Stalled transcription elongation complexes at sites of bulky lesions can be rescued by the transcription terminator Mfd. The molecular mechanisms of Mfd recruitment to transcription complexes in vivo remain to be elucidated, however. Using single-molecule live-cell imaging, we show that Mfd associates with elongation transcription complexes even in the absence of exogenous genotoxic stresses. This interaction requires an intact RNA polymerase-interacting domain of Mfd. In the presence of drugs that stall RNAP, we find that Mfd associates pervasively with RNAP. The residence time of Mfd foci reduces from 30 to 18 s in the presence of endogenous UvrA, suggesting that UvrA promotes the resolution of Mfd-RNAP complexes on DNA. Our results reveal that RNAP is frequently rescued by Mfd during normal growth and highlight a ubiquitous house-keeping role for Mfd in regulating transcription elongation.
Ancient DNA study reveals HLA susceptibility locus for leprosy in medieval Europeans
Authors: Krause-Kyora Ben , Nutsua Marcel , Boehme Lisa , Pierini Federica , Pedersen Dorthe Dangvard , Kornell Sabin-Christin , Drichel Dmitriy , Bonazzi Marion , Möbus Lena , Tarp Peter , Susat Julian , Bosse Esther , Willburger Beatrix , Schmidt Alexander H. , Sauter Jürgen , Franke Andre , Wittig Michael , Caliebe Amke , Nothnagel Michael , Schreiber Stefan , Boldsen Jesper L. , Lenz Tobias L. , Nebel Almut
Published: April 2018

Leprosy, a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), was very common in Europe till the 16th century. Here, we perform an ancient DNA study on medieval skeletons from Denmark that show lesions specific for lepromatous leprosy (LL). First, we test the remains for M. leprae DNA to confirm the infection status of the individuals and to assess the bacterial diversity. We assemble 10 complete M. leprae genomes that all differ from each other. Second, we evaluate whether the human leukocyte antigen allele DRB1*15:01, a strong LL susceptibility factor in modern populations, also predisposed medieval Europeans to the disease. The comparison of genotype data from 69 M. leprae DNA-positive LL cases with those from contemporary and medieval controls reveals a statistically significant association in both instances. In addition, we observe that DRB1*15:01 co-occurs with DQB1*06:02 on a haplotype that is a strong risk factor for inflammatory diseases today.
Mechanically interlocked functionalization of monoclonal antibodies
Authors: Bzymek Krzysztof P. , Puckett James W. , Zer Cindy , Xie Jun , Ma Yuelong , King Jeremy D. , Goodstein Leah H. , Avery Kendra N. , Colcher David , Singh Gagandeep , Horne David A. , Williams John C.
Published: April 2018

Because monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have exceptional specificity and favorable pharmacology, substantial efforts have been made to functionalize them, either with potent cytotoxins, biologics, radionuclides, or fluorescent groups for therapeutic benefit and/or use as theranostic agents. To exploit our recently discovered meditope–Fab interaction as an alternative means to efficiently functionalize mAbs, we used insights from the structure to enhance the affinity and lifetime of the interaction by four orders of magnitude. To further extend the lifetime of the complex, we created a mechanical bond by incorporating an azide on the meditope, threading the azide through the Fab, and using click chemistry to add a steric group. The mechanically interlocked, meditope–Fab complex retains antigen specificity and is capable of imaging tumors in mice. These studies indicate it is possible to “snap” functionality onto mAbs, opening the possibility of rapidly creating unique combinations of mAbs with an array of cytotoxins, biologics, and imaging agents.
Proteome-wide analysis of cysteine oxidation reveals metabolic sensitivity to redox stress
Authors: van der Reest Jiska , Lilla Sergio , Zheng Liang , Zanivan Sara , Gottlieb Eyal
Published: April 2018

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are increasingly recognised as important signalling molecules through oxidation of protein cysteine residues. Comprehensive identification of redox-regulated proteins and pathways is crucial to understand ROS-mediated events. Here, we present stable isotope cysteine labelling with iodoacetamide (SICyLIA), a mass spectrometry-based workflow to assess proteome-scale cysteine oxidation. SICyLIA does not require enrichment steps and achieves unbiased proteome-wide sensitivity. Applying SICyLIA to diverse cellular models and primary tissues provides detailed insights into thiol oxidation proteomes. Our results demonstrate that acute and chronic oxidative stress causes oxidation of distinct metabolic proteins, indicating that cysteine oxidation plays a key role in the metabolic adaptation to redox stress. Analysis of mouse kidneys identifies oxidation of proteins circulating in biofluids, through which cellular redox stress can affect whole-body physiology. Obtaining accurate peptide oxidation profiles from complex organs using SICyLIA holds promise for future analysis of patient-derived samples to study human pathologies.
Author Correction: Dmrt1 is required for primary male sexual differentiation in Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis
Authors: Sun Wei , Cai Han , Zhang Gloria , Zhang Haiyan , Bao Haisheng , Wang Li , Ye Jian , Qian Guoying , Ge Chutian
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Publisher Correction: Impact of wave whitecapping on land falling tropical cyclones
Authors: Bruneau Nicolas , Toumi Ralf , Wang Shuai
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Publisher Correction: Molecular mechanisms of detection and discrimination of dynamic signals
Authors: Antunes G. , Roque A. C. , Simoes-de-Souza F. M.
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Publisher Correction: Electrical coupling between A17 cells enhances reciprocal inhibitory feedback to rod bipolar cells
Authors: Elgueta Claudio , Leroy Felix , Vielma Alex H. , Schmachtenberg Oliver , Palacios Adrian G.
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Towards annotating the plant epigenome: the Arabidopsis thaliana small RNA locus map
Authors: Hardcastle Thomas J. , Müller Sebastian Y. , Baulcombe David C.
Published: April 2018

Based on 98 public and internal small RNA high throughput sequencing libraries, we mapped small RNAs to the genome of the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana and defined loci based on their expression using an empirical Bayesian approach. The resulting loci were subsequently classified based on their genetic and epigenetic context as well as their expression properties. We present the results of this classification, which broadly conforms to previously reported divisions between transcriptional and post-transcriptional gene silencing small RNAs, and to PolIV and PolV dependencies. However, we are able to demonstrate the existence of further subdivisions in the small RNA population of functional significance. Moreover, we present a framework for similar analyses of small RNA populations in all species.
Differential contribution of cis and trans gene transcription regulatory mechanisms in amygdala and prefrontal cortex and modulation by social stress
Authors: Reuveni Eli , Getselter Dmitry , Oron Oded , Elliott Evan
Published: April 2018

While both individual transcription factors and cis-acting sites have been studied in relation to psychiatric disorders, there is little knowledge of the relative contribution of trans-acting and cis-acting factors to gene transcription in the brain. Using an RNA-seq approach in mice bred from two evolutionary-distinct mice strains, we determined the contribution of cis and trans factors to gene expression in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, two regions of the brain relevant to the stress response, and the contribution of cis and trans factors in the prefrontal cortex after Chronic Social Defeat (CSD) in mice. More genes were regulated by cis-regulatory factors in both brain regions, underlying the importance of cis-acting gene regulation in the brain. However, there was an increase in genes regulated by trans-regulatory mechanisms in the amygdala, compared to the prefrontal cortex. These genes were involved in synaptic functions, and were enriched for binding sites for transcription factors, including Egr1. CSD induced an increase in genes regulated by trans-regulatory mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex, and induced a pattern similar to the unstressed amygdala. Overall, we show brain site-specific patterns in cis and trans regulatory mechanisms, and show that these patterns can be modified by a psychological trigger.
Author Correction: Diffusive, Displacive Deformations and Local Phase Transformation Govern the Mechanics of Layered Crystals: The Case Study of Tobermorite
Authors: Tao Lei , Shahsavari Rouzbeh
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Whole genome diversity of inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6 derived from healthy individuals of diverse geographic origin
Authors: Telford Marco , Navarro Arcadi , Santpere Gabriel
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
The Role of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor in the Function of Intestinal Barrier
Authors: Vujicic Milica , Saksida Tamara , Despotovic Sanja , Bajic Svetlana Sokovic , Lalić Ivana , Koprivica Ivan , Gajic Dragica , Golic Natasa , Tolinacki Maja , Stojanovic Ivana
Published: April 2018

Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a multifunctional protein that is involved in the development of gut-related inflammation. To investigate the role of MIF in the function of the intestinal barrier, we have explored intestinal permeability and gut-associated immune response in MIF-deficient (MIF-KO) mice. The absence of MIF provoked impairment of tight and adherens epithelial junctions in the colon through the disturbance of E-cadherin, zonula occludens-1, occludin and claudin-2 expression, which lead to the increase of intestinal barrier permeability. In these circumstances the diversity and content of gut microbiota in MIF-KO mice was considerably different compared to wild type mice. This change in microbiota was accompanied by an increased intestinal IgA concentration and a higher production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF and IFN-γ in mesenteric lymph nodes of MIF-KO mice. The forced changes of microbiota executed by antibiotics prevented the “leakage” of the barrier in MIF-KO mice, probably through up-regulation of occludin expression and normalization of cellular pore diameters. In addition, cytokine secretion was normalized after the treatment with antibiotics. These results suggest that MIF participates in the maintenance of physiological microbiota diversity and immunosurveillance, which in turn enables the proper intestinal barrier function.
The Therapeutic Potential and Molecular Mechanism of Isoflavone Extract against Psoriasis
Authors: Li Hsin-Ju , Wu Nan-Lin , Lee Gon-Ann , Hung Chi-Feng
Published: April 2018

Psoriasis is a common inflammatory disease. It affects 1–3% of the population worldwide and is associated with increasing medical costs every year. Typical psoriatic skin lesions are reddish, thick, scaly plaques that can occur on multiple skin sites all over the body. Topical application of imiquimod (IMQ), a toll-like receptor (TLR)7 agonist and potent immune system activator, can induce and exacerbate psoriasis. Previous studies have demonstrated that isoflavone extract has an antioxidant effect which may help decrease inflammation and inflammatory pain. Through in vivo studies in mice, we found that the topical application to the shaved back and right ear of mice of isoflavone extract prior to IMQ treatment significantly decreased trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema, blood flow speed, and ear thickness, while it increased surface skin hydration, and attenuated epidermal hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration. Through in vitro experiments, we found that isoflavone extract can reduce IL-22, IL-17A, and TNF-α-induced MAPK, NF-κB, and JAK-STAT activation in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. At the mRNA level, we determined that isoflavone extract attenuated the increased response of the TNF-α-, IL-17A-, and IL-22- related pathways. These results indicate that isoflavone extract has great potential as an anti-psoriatic agent and in the treatment of other inflammatory skin diseases.
Enteric Nervous System Regulation of Intestinal Stem Cell Differentiation and Epithelial Monolayer Function
Authors: Puzan Marissa , Hosic Sanjin , Ghio Caroline , Koppes Abigail
Published: April 2018

The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) is a complex network of neurons and glia, which regulates sensorimotor function throughout the gastroinestinal tract (GI). Here we investigated the role of the ENS and intestinal myofibroblasts in the maintenance of a primary intestinal epithelial barrier through regulation of monolayer permeability, cytokine production, and differentiation of intestinal stem cells. Utilizing a novel, in vitro, transwell-based coculture system, murine small intestinal stem cells were isolated and cultured with ENS neurons and glia or subepithelial myofibroblasts. Results show that the ENS contributes to regulation of intestinal stem cell fate, promoting differentiation into chemosensory enteroendocrine cells, with 0.9% of cells expressing chromogranin A when cultured with ENS versus 0.6% in cocultures with myofibroblasts and 0.3% in epithelial cultures alone. Additionally, enteric neurons and myofibroblasts differentially release cytokines Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 2 (MIP-2), Transforming Growth Factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and Interleukin 10 (IL-10) when cultured with intestinal epithelial cells, with a 1.5 fold increase of IL-10 and a 3 fold increase in MIP-2 in ENS cocultures compared to coculture with myofibroblasts. These results indicate the importance of enteric populations in the regulation of intestinal barrier function.
A molecular dynamics simulation study decodes the Zika virus NS5 methyltransferase bound to SAH and RNA analogue
Authors: Chuang Chih-Hung , Chiou Shean-jaw , Cheng Tian-Lu , Wang Yeng-Tseng
Published: April 2018

Since 2015, widespread Zika virus outbreaks in Central and South America have caused increases in microcephaly cases, and this acute problem requires urgent attention. We employed molecular dynamics and Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics techniques to investigate the structure of Zika NS5 protein with S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (SAH) and an RNA analogue, namely 7-methylguanosine 5′-triphosphate (m7GTP). For the binding motif of Zika virus NS5 protein and SAH, we suggest that the four Zika NS5 substructures (residue orders: 101–112, 54–86, 127–136 and 146–161) and the residues (Ser56, Gly81, Arg84, Trp87, Thr104, Gly106, Gly107, His110, Asp146, Ile147, and Gly148) might be responsible for the selectivity of the new Zika virus drugs. For the binding motif of Zika NS5 protein and m7GTP, we suggest that the three Zika NS5 substructures (residue orders: 11–31, 146–161 and 207–218) and the residues (Asn17, Phe24, Lys28, Lys29, Ser150, Arg213, and Ser215) might be responsible for the selectivity of the new Zika virus drugs.
Author Correction: μMAPPS: a novel phasor approach to second harmonic analysis for in vitro-in vivo investigation of collagen microstructure
Authors: Radaelli F. , D’Alfonso L. , Collini M. , Mingozzi F. , Marongiu L. , Granucci F. , Zanoni I. , Chirico G. , Sironi L.
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Deep-learning-based ghost imaging
Authors: Lyu Meng , Wang Wei , Wang Hao , Wang Haichao , Li Guowei , Chen Ni , Situ Guohai
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Protein capped nanosilver free radical oxidation: role of biomolecule capping on nanoparticle colloidal stability and protein oxidation
Authors: Ahumada Manuel , Bohne Cornelia , Oake Jessy , Alarcon Emilio I.
Published: April 2018

Protein capping nanosilver increases the nanoparticle stability under oxidative stress.
Observing ground state vibrational coherence and excited state relaxation dynamics of a cyanine dye in pure solvents
Authors: Kumar Das Dipak , Makhal Krishnandu , Goswami Debabrata
Published: April 2018

Using a degenerate pump probe technique at 800 nm, Ground State Vibrational Coherence (GSVC) of a cyanine dye (IR780) is explored in various solvents.
Effects of nutritional state, aging and high chronic intake of sucrose on brain protein synthesis in rats: modulation of it by rutin and other micronutrients
Authors: Gatineau Eva , Cluzet Stéphanie , Krisa Stéphanie , Papet Isabelle , Migne Carole , Remond Didier , Dardevet Dominique , Polakof Sergio , Richard Tristan , Mosoni Laurent
Published: April 2018

Brain protein synthesis was decreased during aging, restored by micronutrients, and unchanged by sucrose, in correlation with variations in TNF-α gene expression.
Enantioselective palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions in the synthesis of Aspidosperma and structurally related monoterpene indole alkaloids
Authors: Pritchett Beau P. , Stoltz Brian M.
Published: April 2018

The development of new heterocyclic substrate classes for palladium-catalyzed allylic alkylation has enhanced synthetic access to structurally diverse monoterpene indole alkaloids.
Characterization of silver-polymer core–shell nanoparticles using electron microscopy
Authors: Claes Nathalie , Asapu Ramesh , Blommaerts Natan , Verbruggen Sammy W. , Lenaerts Silvia , Bals Sara
Published: April 2018

Using electron microscopy, polymer encapsulated silver nanoparticles were visualized and their coverage, molecular structure and plasmonic properties could be investigated.
Reliable laser fabrication: the quest for responsive biomaterials surface
Authors: Wang Zuyong , Zhou Rui , Wen Feng , Zhang Rongkai , Ren Lei , Teoh Swee Hin , Hong Minghui
Published: April 2018

This review presents current efforts in laser fabrication, focusing on the surface features of biomaterials and their biological responses; this provides insight into the engineering of bio-responsive surfaces for future medical devices.
Key factors in FTIR spectroscopic analysis of DNA: the sampling technique, pretreatment temperature and sample concentration
Authors: Han Yahong , Han Lujia , Yao Yumei , Li Yanfei , Liu Xian
Published: April 2018

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been considered as a powerful tool for analysing the characteristics of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) regardless of physical states, sample amounts and the molecular weight of DNA.
A split aptamer-based imaging solution for the visualization of latent fingerprints
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Li Xiuyuan , Lu Yingying , Cao Jiabing , Li Feng
Published: April 2018

A simple and easily performed method was developed for the visualization of latent fingerprints by using a “split aptamer-based imaging solution”.
A review of nanostructured surfaces and materials for dental implants: surface coating, patterning and functionalization for improved performance
Authors: Rasouli Rahimeh , Barhoum Ahmed , Uludag Hasan
Published: April 2018

Nanofabrication techniques are under development for the next-generation dental implants.
Metabolic glycan labeling-assisted discovery of cell-surface markers for primary neural stem and progenitor cells
Authors: Bai Qing-Ran , Dong Lu , Hao Yi , Chen Xing , Shen Qin
Published: April 2018

Metabolic labeling with azidosugars in a neural stem cell (NSC)-enriched endothelial coculture followed by mass-spectrometry profiling identifies sialoglycoproteins on NSCs.
One-pot synthesis of a metal–organic framework-based drug carrier for intelligent glucose-responsive insulin delivery
Authors: Duan Yan , Ye Fanggui , Huang Yuanlin , Qin Yuemei , He Caimei , Zhao Shulin
Published: April 2018

A glucose-responsive metal–organic framework (MOF)-based insulin delivery nanosystem was developed via a one-pot process. The system relies on the MOF response to glucose stimulation and this can promote insulin delivery.
Stereochemistry-dependent structure of hydrogen-bonded protonated dimers: the case of 1-amino-2-indanol
Authors: Bouchet Aude , Klyne Johanna , Ishiuchi Shun-ichi , Dopfer Otto , Fujii Masaaki , Zehnacker Anne
Published: April 2018

Stereochemistry effects on the structure of molecular aggregates are studied in the prototypical 1-amino-2-indanol. Conformer-selective IR-UV double resonance spectroscopy reveals how stereochemistry shapes its dimers.
Mesocrystalline anatase nanoparticles synthesized using a simple hydrothermal approach with enhanced light harvesting for gas-phase reaction
Authors: Balbuena José , Calatayud José Miguel , Cruz-Yusta Manuel , Pardo Pablo , Martín Francisco , Alarcón Javier , Sánchez Luis
Published: April 2018

The most selective De-NOx process reached by mesocrystalline anatase nanoparticles was associated with the developed mesoporosity, visible light photoactivity and mesocrystallinity.
Continuous synthesis of hollow silver–palladium nanoparticles for catalytic applications
Authors: Wu Ke-Jun , Gao Yunhu , Torrente-Murciano Laura
Published: April 2018

Hollow bimetallic nanoparticles exhibit unique surface plasmonic properties, enhanced catalytic activities and high photo-thermal conversion efficiencies amongst other properties, however, their research and further deployment are currently limited by their complicated multi-step syntheses.
Insights into the electronic properties and reactivity of graphene-like BC3 supported metal catalysts
Authors: Tang Yanan , Zhou Jincheng , Zhang Hongwei , Chai Huadou , Li Yi , Dai Xianqi
Published: April 2018

Graphene-like BC3 monolayer is a new two-dimensional nanomaterial with many unique properties, but is still largely unknown.
Membrane-containing virus particles exhibit the mechanics of a composite material for genome protection
Authors: Azinas S. , Bano F. , Torca I. , Bamford D. H. , Schwartz G. A. , Esnaola J. , Oksanen H. M. , Richter R. P. , Abrescia N. G.
Published: April 2018

The proteinaceous capsid and internal membrane vesicle of bacteriophage PRD1 bond to create a tough composite material that protects the integrity of the virus and its genome.
Novel fluorescent probes for the fluoride anion based on hydroxy-substituted perylene tetra-(alkoxycarbonyl) derivatives
Authors: Zhang Fengxia , Zhao Yunlong , Chi Yanhui , Ma Yongshan , Jiang Tianyi , Wei Xiaofeng , Zhao Qian , Shi Zhiqiang , Shi Jingmin
Published: April 2018

The fluoride anion (F−) sensing abilities of two fluorescent probes based on hydroxy-substituted perylene tetra-(alkoxycarbonyl) derivatives were studied through visual detection experiment, UV-Vis, fluorescence, and 1H NMR titrations.
A reactive electrochemical filter system with an excellent penetration flux porous Ti/SnO2–Sb filter for efficient contaminant removal from water
Authors: Yang Kui , Lin Hui , Liang Shangtao , Xie Ruzhen , Lv Sihao , Niu Junfeng , Chen Jie , Hu Yongyou
Published: April 2018

An energy-efficient reactive electrochemical filter system was developed using porous Ti/SnO2–Sb filters as anodic reactive electrochemical membranes.
Pt incorporated mesoporous carbon spheres: controllable structure with enhanced catalytic activity and stability
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Liu Yaling , Da Huimei , Yuan Ruo
Published: April 2018

We report a simple synthesis process to prepare well-dispersed Pt nanoparticles incorporated in mesoporous carbon spheres.
A nano-magnetic electrochemical sensor for the determination of mood disorder related substances
Authors: Cincotto Fernando H. , Carvalho Daniel A. S. , Canevari Thiago C. , Toma Henrique E. , Fatibello-Filho Orlando , Moraes Fernando C.
Published: April 2018

The simultaneous electrochemical detection of mood disorder related substances, amitriptyline, melatonin and tryptophan, was successfully achieved by using a novel nano-magnetic electrochemical sensor decorated with carbon quantum dots (MagNPs/Cdots).
Gelation of patchy ligand shell nanoparticles decorated by liquid-crystalline ligands: computer simulation study
Authors: Ilnytskyi Jaroslav M. , Slyusarchuk Arsen , Sokołowski Stefan
Published: April 2018

We consider the coarse-grained modelling of patchy ligand shell nanoparticles with liquid crystalline ligands.
Selective electrocatalysis of biofuel molecular oxidation using palladium nanoparticles generated on Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
Authors: Wu Ranran , Tian Xiaochun , Xiao Yong , Ulstrup Jens , Mølager Christensen Hans Erik , Zhao Feng , Zhang Jingdong
Published: April 2018

Microbial production of molecular scale palladium (PD) nanoparticles (NPs) is important due to their catalytic function in selective electrochemical oxidation of a number of core fuel molecules in fuel cells.
One-step integration of a multiple-morphology gold nanoparticle array on a TiO2filmviaa facile sonochemical method for highly efficient organic photovoltaics
Authors: Shao Weijing , Liang Zhiqiang , Guan Tianfu , Chen Jianmei , Wang Zhifang , Wu Haihua , Zheng Jianzhong , Abdulhalim Ibrahim , Jiang Lin
Published: April 2018

Well-dispersed Au NPs arrays with multiple morphology are integrated on a TiO2thin filmviaa facile sonochemical approach, which exhibit a broadened absorption band, and enable a noticeable enhancement in device performance of organic photovoltaics.
C–O−–K+ (Na+) groups in non-doped carbon as active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhou Yunjie , Sun Yue , Zhu Cheng , Liu Yang , Dai Xing , Zhong Jun , Chen Qiongyang , Tian He , Zhou Ruhong , Kang Zhenhui
Published: April 2018

Adjacent C–O−–K+ (Na+) groups in the surface of non-doped carbon materials create active sites for the oxygen reduction reaction.
Hiding and revealing information using the mechanochromic system of a 2,5-dicarbazole-substituted terephthalate derivative
Authors: Xue Pengchong , Yang Zicheng , Chen Peng
Published: April 2018

Information written using mechanical force in a 2,5-dicarbazole-substituted terephthalate derivative system can be hidden, revealed and erased again by basic vapor, acidic vapor and thermal annealing, respectively.
Residues contributing to drug transport by ABCG2 are localised to multiple drug-binding pockets
Authors: Cox Megan H. , Kapoor Parth , Briggs Deborah A. , Kerr Ian D.
Published: April 2018

Multidrug binding and transport by the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 is a factor in the clinical resistance to chemotherapy in leukaemia, and a contributory factor to the pharmacokinetic profiles of many other prescribed drugs. Despite its importance, the structural basis of multidrug transport, i.e. the ability to transport multiple distinct chemicals, has remained elusive. Previous research has shown that at least two residues positioned towards the cytoplasmic end of transmembrane helix 3 (TM3) of the transporter play a role in drug transport. We hypothesised that other residues, either in the longitudinal span of TM3, or a perpendicular slice through the intracellular end of other TM helices would also contribute to drug binding and transport by ABCG2. Single-point mutant isoforms of ABCG2 were made at ∼30 positions and were analysed for effects on protein expression, localisation (western blotting, confocal microscopy) and function (flow cytometry) in a mammalian stable cell line expression system. Our data were interpreted in terms of recent structural data on the ABCG protein subfamily and enabled us to propose a surface-binding site for the drug mitoxantrone (MX) as well as a second, buried site for the same drug. Further mutational analysis of residues that spatially separate these two sites prompts us to suggest a molecular and structural pathway for MX transport by ABCG2.
Activation de la glycolyse aérobie par la voie canonique WNT/β-caténine
Authors: Vallée Alexandre
Published: April 2018

L’énergie est le principal facteur déterminant de la viabilité neuronale. Dans cette synthèse, nous proposons l’hypothèse d’une activation anormale de la glycolyse aérobie par la stimulation de la voie de signalisation canonique WNT/β-caténine dans la sclérose latérale amyotrophique (SLA). La stimulation de la voie canonique WNT induit en effet l’activation de la glycolyse aérobie, appelée aussi effet Warburg, via la stimulation des enzymes glycolytiques comme PKM2, PDK1, LDH-A et MCT-1 et les transporteurs de glucose Glut. La glycolyse aérobie consiste en la conversion de la majeure partie du glucose en lactate quelle que soit la teneur en oxygène. Une dérégulation du métabolisme énergétique cellulaire qui favorise la mort cellulaire participerait à la progression de la SLA. Contrôler l’expression de la voie de signalisation canonique WNT/β-caténine pourrait ainsi apparaître comme une cible intéressante pour moduler la glycolyse aérobie et donc la progression de la SLA.
Établissement du microbiote
Authors: Gschwind Rémi , Fournier Thierry , Butel Marie-José , Wydau-Dematteis Sandra
Published: April 2018

Certaines pathologies semblent avoir une origine développementale et, aujourd’hui, le microbiote apparaît comme un déterminant de l’état de santé de l’homme et son établissement, une étape importante chez le nouveau-né. Des variations dans sa constitution, incluant un déséquilibre (ou dysbiose), ont ainsi été associées à de nombreuses pathologies. De récents travaux suggèrent qu’une colonisation bactérienne de l’utérus, du liquide amniotique ou encore du placenta, des sites auparavant pensés stériles, existerait. Durant les phases de son développement, le foetus pourrait ainsi rencontrer des bactériesin utero. Elles contribueraient à l’établissement de son microbiote avant même l’accouchement et donc avant la rencontre avec les microorganismes des microbiotes vaginal, fécal et cutané, ceux-ci variant selon les modes d’accouchement (voie basse ou césarienne). Les premières études sur l’existence d’un microbiotein utero, qui se caractérise par une faible biomasse, sont cependant controversées.
Pourquoi les nouveaux médicaments sont-ils si chers ?
Authors: Le Galès Catherine
Published: April 2018

Mettant fin à une crise de l’innovation dont la réalité fait l’objet de débats, les innovations pharmaceutiques récentes, résultats d’un encastrement de raisons scientifiques, industrielles, financières, politiques et économiques, aboutissent à une diversification des portefeuilles de produits des industriels de la pharmacie au niveau mondial et à un fort intérêt, de leur part, pour des produits dits de niche (thérapies ciblées, maladies rares, etc.). Ces nouvelles molécules sont mises sur le marché à des prix beaucoup plus élevés que par le passé. En l’absence d’informations fiables sur les coûts supportés par les industriels, et sachant que des niveaux de marge très élevés ont été observés, ces prix suscitent des interrogations légitimes. Celles-ci sont également motivées par l’absence de relation entre le prix et le bénéfice thérapeutique de ces nouvelles molécules. En France, face à des niveaux de dépenses susceptibles de fragiliser la soutenabilité financière du système de protection sociale, les autorités publiques ont jusqu’à présent toujours privilégié des interventions sur les prix ou les conditions et volumes de remboursement, conformes aux modes de régulation existants. D’autres modes de régulation (recours à la licence d’office, achat groupé, etc.) pourraient dans le futur être employés dans un souci croissant d’efficience des dépenses publiques. Les difficultés rencontrées pour réguler un secteur industriel profondément transformé, appellent à une réforme des systèmes d’évaluation et de régulation nationaux.
Aufbruch in der Fastentherapie
Authors: Michalsen Andreas
Published: April 2018

Alternierende Phasen des Nahrungsüberangebots und des Hungerns waren bei den Frühmenschen vermutlich der Regelfall. Es scheint naheliegend, dass der menschliche Körper evolutionsbedingt Phasen des Fastens sehr gut bewältigen kann und sich die genetische Ausstattung, der Körpermetabolismus und die Ernährungsphysiologie gut darauf eingestellt haben. Im Gegensatz dazu ist anzunehmen, dass die mehrmals tägliche, regelmäßige Nahrungszufuhr mit Snacks, Zwischenmahlzeiten und energiehaltigen Getränken, die Hormon- und Stoffwechselsysteme überfordert.

Die günstigen metabolischen Wirkungen des Fastens sind in physiologischen Arbeiten beschrieben. Der Artikel gibt einen Überblick zu den verschiedenen Formen des Fastens und dessen mögliche Effekte.
Crataegus Special Extract WS 1442 Effects on eNOS and microRNA 155
Authors: Wang Xinwen , Liang Yan , Shi Jian , Zhu Hao-jie , Bleske Barry
Published: April 2018

Increased expression of microRNA 155 (miR-155) results in a decrease in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and impaired endothelial function. Factors that have been shown to increase expression of miR-155 may be mitigated by WS 1442, an extract of hawthorn leaves and flowers (Crataegus special extract) that contains a range of pharmacologically active substances including oligomeric proanthocyanidins and flavonoids. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of WS 1442 on the expression of miR-155 and eNOS in the presence of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were studied after the exposure to TNF-α, with or without simvastatin (positive control) and WS 1442. The expression levels of eNOS, phosphorylated eNOS, and miR-155 in the different HUVEC treatment groups were determined by western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. To evaluate the effect of WS 1442 on the eNOS activity, the medium and intracellular nitrate/nitrite (NO) concentrations were also analyzed using a colorimetric Griess assay kit. The results demonstrated that TNF-α upregulated miR-155 expression and decreased eNOS expression and NO concentrations. WS 1442 also increased miR-155 expression and decreased eNOS expression but, unlike TNF-α, increased phosphorylated eNOS expression and NO concentrations. Surprisingly, WS 1442 increased miR-155 expression; however, WS 1442 mitigated the overall negative effect of miR-155 on decreasing eNOS expression by increasing expression of phosphorylated eNOS and resulting in an increase in NO concentrations. In the setting where miR-155 may be expressed, WS 1442 may offer vascular protection by increasing the expression of phosphorylated eNOS.
Berufsbegleitendes Hochschulstipendium: Pflege in Führung
Authors: Schrall Constance , Wagner Ralf
Published: April 2018

Führungspositionen im Pflegebereich zu besetzen, stellt viele Klinikbetreiber vor große Herausforderungen. Der generelle Fachkräftemangel macht sich hier in besonderem Maße in einem Führungskräftemangel bemerkbar. Der Berliner Klinikkonzern Vivantes hat aus diesem Grund ein internes Hochschulstipendium für künftige Führungskräfte in der Pflege ins Leben gerufen.
Krisenkommunikation: Ideal auf den Ernstfall vorbereiten
Authors: Endele Kerstin
Published: April 2018

Kann man sich auf Krisen vorbereiten, oder muss man sie als schicksalhaft hinnehmen und die Welle der Medienaufmerksamkeit über sich hinweg rollen lassen? Immer mehr Klinikgeschäftsführer setzen sich mit dem Thema Krisenkommunikation aktiv auseinander und üben im Rahmen eines Medientrainings, bevor sie im Ernstfall ins Scheinwerferlicht müssen.
Digital-Health-Start-ups: Frische Ideen
Authors: Kohrs Jens
Published: April 2018

Der Wachstumsmarkt Digital Health lässt deutsche Gründer nicht los. Mehrere Hundert Start-ups und mittlerweile Tausende Gesundheits-Apps ringen um Kunden und Investoren – und die Ideen gehen nicht aus.
Miniaturisierung: Kleinstroboter im Körper
Authors: Grether Thomas
Published: April 2018

Neue Verfahren und -Produkte verbessern die Lebensqualität – sie retten und erhalten oftmals Leben. Die Branche ist hoch innovativ und mittelständisch geprägt.
TSB-Tagung in Salzburg: Sicherheitsprofis unter sich
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: April 2018

Die diesjährige TSB-Tagung des Österreichischen Verbandes der KrankenhaustechnikerInnen (ÖVKT) bot wie immer ein hochaktuelles Vortragsprogramm. Vor allem aber auch ein intensiver und vertrauensvoller Austausch der Teilnehmer untereinander macht die Veranstaltung zu dem, was sie ist: Ein Muss für alle Sicherheitsexperten.
Interview mit Adrian von Dewall: „Am Ende machen die Köpfe den Unterschied“
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: April 2018

Die Digitalisierung ist im Krankenhaus in aller Munde. Das Führungsverhalten hat sich dadurch grundlegend geändert, so Adrian von Dewall, Healthcare-Experte der internationalen Personalberatung Boyden. Im Interview mit kma spricht er über deren Herausforderungen und die Frage, welche Managertypen in Kliniken derzeit besonders gefragt sind.
Kundenorientierte Öffentlichkeitsarbeit: Zielgerichtetes Marketing
Authors: Wieder Nicole
Published: April 2018

Krankenhäuser stärken ihre Marktposition durch zielgerichtetes Marketing und sinnvolle Öffentlichkeitsarbeit – und können damit langfristig für mehr Patienten sorgen. Informative Webseiten, gelungene Auftritte in den sozialen Medien und eine effiziente Kommunikation mit Patienten und niedergelassenen Ärzten helfen dabei, vorhandene Potenziale voll auszuschöpfen.
Optimal Timing of Delivery in Women with Higher Order Cesareans: A Cohort Study
Authors: Nielsen Chloe , Zafman Kelly , Fox Nathan , Miller Emily
Published: April 2018

Objective To evaluate whether a planned early term delivery or a planned 39-week delivery is associated with differences in perinatal outcomes in women undergoing a higher order cesarean (HOC).

Study Design This cohort study included women with singleton gestations with a history of three or more prior cesareans who delivered at one of two urban tertiary care hospitals. One center routinely delivered HOC at 39 weeks' gestation and the other at 37 weeks. Maternal and neonatal morbidities were compared using bivariable and multivariable analyses.

Results The policy of 37-week delivery was associated with a decrease in unscheduled deliveries (15.3 vs. 41.1%; p < 0.001). Planned delivery at 37 weeks was associated with a decreased incidence of composite maternal morbidity (1.6 vs. 7.9%; p = 0.002) and 5-minute Apgar score less than 7 (0.4 vs. 6.4%; p < 0.001), but these differences were not significant after controlling for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.08–1.17; aOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.01–1.30, respectively). There were no other differences in perinatal outcomes.

Conclusion Compared with planned delivery at 39 weeks, a policy of planned delivery at 37 weeks was associated with a reduction in unscheduled deliveries, but there were no measured differences in perinatal outcomes.
Antimicrobial Peptidomimetics for Recurrent Septicemia Infections: In Vitro Study for Immuno Compromised Disease Target
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Nagarajan Kandasamy , Panda Bihu
Published: April 2018

The frequency of Bacillus subtilis infection such as pneumonia pan-opthalmitis, visceral abscess or musculoskeletal infection etc. complications following bacteremia, meningitis in children & the infection associated with majority of motor vehicle accidents associated with trauma & gun shoot injury. Antibiotics which appear especially useful in the treatment of Bacillus. infection are clindamycin and vancomycin to which vast majority of strains are susceptible in vitro. Our objective is to test the synthesized peptidomimetics with the efforts mainly directed towards the identification of antibacterial compounds against recurrent septicemia infection. Six peptidomimetics namely G-A-L-D (C60-soot Glu-ala-leu-Asp), D-P-F (C60-soot Asp-pro-Phe), I-R (C60-soot Ile-Arg), L-R (C60-soot leu-Arg), E-R (C60-soot Glu-Arg), D-E (C60-soot Asp-Glu), the column eluted compounds were tested for disc diffusion using gram positive Bacillus Subtilis strains at different concentrations predicted by pH and inhibitory concentrations. I-R (C60-soot Ile-Arg), & D-E (C60-soot Asp-Glu) was found to be very effective along with 5 compounds against Bacillus Subtilis strain tested. Maximum activity 100 µg/ml for synthesized peptidomimetics with the corresponding zonal inhibition diameter (11 mm; 11 mm; 14 mm; 11 mm; 11 mm; 14 mm) against Bacillus subtilis strain. This is the first evidence based report that proves I-R (C60-soot Ile-Arg) & D-E (C60-soot Asp-Glu) has shown antibacterial action against gram positive strains of Bacillus Subtilis against recurrent septicemia infection
Impact of Fe doping on the electronic structure of SrTiO3 thin films determined by resonant photoemission
Authors: Kubacki J. , Kajewski D. , Goraus J. , Szot K. , Koehl A. , Lenser Ch. , Dittmann R. , Szade J.
Published: April 2018

Epitaxial thin films of Fe doped SrTiO3 have been studied by the use of resonant photoemission. This technique allowed us to identify contributions of the Fe and Ti originating electronic states to the valence band. Two valence states of iron Fe2+ and Fe3+, detected on the base of x-ray absorption studies spectra, appeared to form quite different contributions to the valence band of SrTiO3. The electronic states within the in-gap region can be attributed to Fe and Ti ions. The Fe2+ originating states which can be connected to the presence of oxygen vacancies form a broad band reaching binding energies of about 0.5 eV below the conduction band, while Fe3+ states form in the gap a sharp feature localized just above the top of the valence band. These structures were also confirmed by calculations performed with the use of the FP-LAPW/APW+lo method including Coulomb correlations within the d shell. It has been shown that Fe doping induced Ti originating states in the energy gap which can be related to the hybridization of Ti and Fe 3d orbitals.
Non-linear quantization error reduction for the temperature measurement subsystem on-board LISA Pathfinder
Authors: Sanjuan J. , Nofrarias M.
Published: April 2018

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) Pathfinder is a mission to test the technology enabling gravitational wave detection in space and to demonstrate that sub-femto-g free fall levels are possible. To do so, the distance between two free falling test masses is measured to unprecedented sensitivity by means of laser interferometry. Temperature fluctuations are one of the noise sources limiting the free fall accuracy and the interferometer performance and need to be known at the ∼10 μK Hz−1/2 level in the sub-millihertz frequency range in order to validate the noise models for the future space-based gravitational wave detector LISA. The temperature measurement subsystem on LISA Pathfinder is in charge of monitoring the thermal environment at key locations with noise levels of 7.5 μK Hz−1/2 at the sub-millihertz. However, its performance worsens by one to two orders of magnitude when slowly changing temperatures are measured due to errors introduced by analog-to-digital converter non-linearities. In this paper, we present a method to reduce this effect by data post-processing. The method is applied to experimental data available from on-ground validation tests to demonstrate its performance and the potential benefit for in-flight data. The analog-to-digital converter effects are reduced by a factor between three and six in the frequencies where the errors play an important role. An average 2.7 fold noise reduction is demonstrated in the 0.3 mHz–2 mHz band.
High-electron-mobility InN epilayers grown on silicon substrate
Authors: Liu Huapeng , Wang Xinqiang , Chen Zhaoying , Zheng Xiantong , Wang Ping , Sheng Bowen , Wang Tao , Rong Xin , Li Mo , Zhang Jian , Yang Xuelin , Xu Fujun , Ge Weikun , Shen Bo
Published: April 2018

High-electron-mobility InN epilayers are achieved under the extremely In-rich condition on Si (111) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. A directly probed electron mobility of 3640 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a residual electron concentration of 2.96 × 1017 cm−3 are detected by Hall-effect measurements at room temperature, which corresponds to a remarkable mobility of 3970 cm2 V−1 s−1 and an electron concentration of 2.45 × 1017 cm−3 in the InN bulk layer taking into account the electron accumulation layers with a density of 5.83 × 1013 cm−2 and a mobility of 429 cm2/V s. It is found that extremely the In-rich growth condition is most likely favorable to suppress impurity incorporation and weaken the dislocation scattering due to low proportionally charged dislocations, hence leading to high electron mobility.
The influence of texture on the reversible elastocaloric effect of a polycrystalline Ni50Mn32In16Cr2 alloy
Authors: Hernández-Navarro Fernando , Camarillo-Garcia Juan-Pablo , Aguilar-Ortiz Christian-Omar , Flores-Zúñiga Horacio , Ríos David , González José-Gonzalo , Álvarez-Alonso Pablo
Published: April 2018

We have studied the correlation between the elastocaloric effect and the crystallographic direction where a uniaxial stress is applied in a textured polycrystalline Ni-Mn-In-Cr ferromagnetic shape memory alloy; this alloy displays martensitic transformation around room temperature and presents an L21 cubic structure in the austenite phase. The texture in the material was induced by simple arc melting synthesis; using inverse pole figures, a favored grain growth was shown in the direction [001] perpendicular to the cooled surface. The elastocaloric effect was determined by direct measurements of the adiabatic temperature change (ΔTadme), while compressive stress was applied and released; hereby, it has been shown that it is possible to exploit the columnar growth texture in order to obtain a large and reversible elastocaloric effect. The reversible elastocaloric response was measured between 280 and 310 K by applying moderate stresses of 50, 75, and 100 MPa in the [001], [111], and [011] directions. A strong interrelation was found in the cyclic ΔTadme values of −3.9, −2.0, and −1.3 K after unloading a compressive stress of 100 MPa applied mainly in the [001], [111], and [011] directions, respectively.