bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction of ICD-11 in Germany: Seizing opportunities
together
Authors: Broich Karl , Callhoff Johanna , Kaskel Peter , Kowalski Christoph , Malzahn Jürgen , Mundlos Christine , Schöbel Christoph
Published: June 2024

With the new ICD-11 developed by the WHO and translated into German for use in
Germany by the Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, the German
healthcare system is facing a change that is more than a simple change of a
medical coding system. The ICD-11 modernises the coding system, for example, by
including new, separate health conditions such as sleep-wake disorders and
conditions related to sexual health, thus making the corresponding diseases more
visible. The ICD-11 is more precise than the ICD-10: it allows cross-referencing
between diagnoses, symptoms, functionality and locations and partially abandons
the strict hierarchy of the ICD-10. In addition, a greater number of rare
diseases are represented with their own specific code than was previously
possible with ICD-10. Finally, the ICD-11 is also significantly more “modern”
than the ICD-10 (which dates back to pre-digital times) in that it enables new,
digitally-supported processes, such as keywords flexibility and sustainability
when updating the system as well as actual coding at the point of care. The
switch to ICD-11 can be a great opportunity for the German healthcare system
that should not be missed. It will benefit health service research, which at
best will be able to work with much more detailed and correct data sets. But
medical care will also benefit because the ICD-11 reflects current medical
knowledge. In addition, certain illnesses will be removed from the psychiatric
category, meaning that those affected will no longer be stigmatised by their
classification in the ICD. The improved coding of diagnoses will ultimately also
support guideline-based treatments. However, the changeover is only the first
step. The challenges – also for health service research – include in particular
the latency of introduction and uniform use as well as the necessary change in
coding habits. For ICD-11 to be a success in Germany, authorities, the medical
profession, payers and patients must work together on strategies to ensure not
only a rapid but also a comprehensive implementation that maximises the
potential of ICD-11.
Rh(III)-Catalyzed, Redox-Neutral, C–H Multifluoroalkenylation of Benzamides
Authors: Chen Wen-Hua , Xu Jun , Wu Jia-Qiang , Lin Wei , Qu Yifei , Zhu Huixuan , Xie Mei , Hu Jinhui , Xiong Zhuang
Published: June 2024

Fluorinated molecules are widely used in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Multifluoroalkyl-containing compounds have attracted increasing attention for their unique ability to alter the activity of drugs and bioactive molecules. Herein, we report an efficient Rh(III)-catalyzed, redox-neutral, C–H multifluoroalkenylation of benzamides with multifluoroalkenes, which provides a versatile protocol for accessing a wide range of multifluoroalkenylated arenes.
Directing-Group-Assisted Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Selective BH Functionalization of o-Carboranes
Authors: Xie Zuowei , Zhang Jie
Published: June 2024

Carboranes are a type of molecular clusters consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and boron atoms. They possess unique characteristics, such as three-dimensional aromaticity, icosahedral geometry, and robustness. Functionalized carboranes have been utilized in various fields, including medicine, materials, and organometallic/coordination chemistry. In this context, selective functionalization of o-carboranes has received tremendous attention, specifically in the regio- and enantioselective modification of the ten chemically similar BH vertices within the carborane cage. In recent years, significant progress has been made in catalytic vertex-specific BH functionalization, as well as achieving enantioselective functionalization of the cage BH. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in this research field.

1 Introduction

2 Carboxy-Assisted BH Functionalization

2.1 Formation of B–C Bonds

2.2 Formation of B–N Bonds

2.3 Formation of B–O Bonds

2.4 Formation of B–X Bonds

2.5 Consecutive Formation of B–C and B–Y (Y = N, O) Bonds

3 N-Based Directing-Group-Assisted B–H Functionalization

3.1 Acylamino as a Directing Group

3.2 Amide as a Directing Group

3.3 Pyridyl as a Directing Group

3.4 Imine as a Directing Group

4 Phosphinyl-Assisted Cage B–H Functionalization

5 Bidentate-Directing-Group-Assisted B–H Functionalization

6 Other Directing-Group-Assisted B–H Functionalization

7 Conclusions
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic in Patients with a Previous Phrenic Nerve Transfer for a Traumatic Brachial Plexus Palsy
Authors: Socolovsky Mariano , Lu Johnny Chuieng-Yi , Zarra Francisco , Wei Chen Kuan , Chang Tommy Nai-Jen , Chuang David Chwei-Chin
Published: June 2024

Background With the advent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some doubts have been raised regarding the potential respiratory problems that patients who previously underwent a phrenic nerve transfer could have.

Objectives To analyze the effects of the coronavirus infection on two populations, one from Argentina and another from Taiwan. Specific objectives were: (1) to identify the rate of COVID in patients with a history of phrenic nerve transfer for treatment of palsy; (2) to identify the overall symptom profile; (3) to compare Argentinian versus Taiwanese populations; and (4) to determine if any phrenic nerve transfer patients are at particular risk of more severe COVID.

Methods A telephonic survey that included data regarding the number of episodes of acute COVID-19 infection, the symptoms it caused, the presence or absence of potential or life-threatening complications, and the status of COVID-19 vaccination were studied. Intergroup comparisons were conducted using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U test, with categorical variables conducted using either the Pearson χ2 analysis or the Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.

Results A total of 77 patients completed the survey, 40 from Taiwan and 37 from Argentina. Fifty-five (71.4%) developed a diagnosis of COVID. However, among these, only four had any level of dyspnea reported (4/55 = 7.3%), all mild. There were also no admissions to hospital or an intensive care unit, no intubations, and no deaths. All 55 patients isolated themselves at home.

Conclusions It can be concluded that an acute COVID-19 infection was very well tolerated in our patients. (Level of evidence 3b, case reports).
Cisto de Baker gigante com extensão ao gastrocnêmio: Relato de caso
Authors: Siddiqui Adeel Ahmed , Khan Muhammad Waqas , Ali Taimoor , Ahmed Sajjad , Solangi Shahzaeb , Qamar Javeria
Published: June 2024

O cisto de Baker é um aumento anormal da bursa gastrocnêmio-semimembranosa atrás da articulação do joelho devido ao efluxo de fluido articular.

Relatamos um caso raro de cisto de Baker gigante em uma paciente com artrite reumatoide. A ressonância magnética mostrou um cisto complexo e multiloculado que media 11,8 cm x 4,6 cm x 3,3 cm, com origem na articulação do joelho esquerdo. Foi realizada excisão cirúrgica aberta da lesão. Não houve recidiva durante o acompanhamento de um ano no Departamento de Reumatologia e Ortopedia.

Há uma tendência natural de extensão intermuscular, de modo que os relatos de extensões intramusculares são raros na literatura. Pelo que sabemos, nenhum cisto de Baker desse tamanho foi operado em pacientes com artrite reumatoide.
Prethrombin-1 as a Drug Substance Promoting Hemostasis with Reduced Risk of Thrombosis
Authors: Graus Johann Georg , Prückler Michael , Bergmeister Helga , Mader Christoph , Trefilov Alexandru , Gölles Richard , Kunschak Marianne , Schramm Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

Introduction Prethrombin-1 is a Gla-domain lacking enzymatically inactive split product that results from the cleavage of fragment 1 from prothrombin by thrombin in a feedback reaction.

Methods A prethrombin-1 preparation derived from human plasma was tested for its hemostatic and thrombogenic properties. Animal models of nail clipping (for rabbits) and tail clipping (for mice) were developed to measure blood loss in FVIII-inhibitor or rivaroxaban anticoagulated rabbits and mice, respectively. A modified Wessler test was used in rabbits to assess the thrombogenic potential by Wessler score and clot weight. Studies were performed in groups of three to six for prethrombin-1 dose escalation and comparison with prothrombin, Beriplex®, FEIBA®, and saline as a control. Data were analyzed using t-statistics or the Mann Whitney U test as applicable.

Results Prethrombin-1 has excellent hemostatic properties in anticoagulated mouse and rabbit bleeding models. Wessler tests suggest that in contrast to activated and nonactivated prothrombin complexes, prethrombin-1 has negligible thrombogenic potential.

Conclusion The thrombin zymogen prethrombin-1 promotes hemostasis with reduced risk of thrombosis. Prethrombin-1 may have potential to become a life-saving treatment for patients who bleed or are at risk of bleeding.
SIMPA simplifies micropipette aspiration to measure multiple samples simultaneously
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: June 2024

With a microfluidic chip fitted with sliding elements, SIMPA enables parallel measurements of mechanical properties of cells, vesicles, and tissue.
A continuous-wave and pulsed X-band electron spin resonance spectrometer operating in ultra-high vacuum for the study of low dimensional spin ensembles
Authors: Cho Franklin H. , Park Juyoung , Oh Soyoung , Yu Jisoo , Jeong Yejin , Colazzo Luciano , Spree Lukas , Hommel Caroline , Ardavan Arzhang , Boero Giovanni , Donati Fabio
Published: June 2024

We report the development of a continuous-wave and pulsed X-band electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer for the study of spins on ordered surfaces down to cryogenic temperatures. The spectrometer operates in ultra-high vacuum and utilizes a half-wavelength microstrip line resonator realized using epitaxially grown copper films on single crystal Al2O3 substrates. The one-dimensional microstrip line resonator exhibits a quality factor of more than 200 at room temperature, close to the upper limit determined by radiation losses. The surface characterizations of the copper strip of the resonator by atomic force microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and scanning tunneling microscopy show that the surface is atomically clean, flat, and single crystalline. Measuring the ESR spectrum at 15 K from a few nm thick molecular film of YPc2, we find a continuous-wave ESR sensitivity of 2.6 × 1011 spins/G · Hz1/2, indicating that a signal-to-noise ratio of 3.9 G · Hz1/2 is expected from a monolayer of YPc2 molecules. Advanced pulsed ESR experimental capabilities, including dynamical decoupling and electron-nuclear double resonance, are demonstrated using free radicals diluted in a glassy matrix.
Parallel on-chip micropipettes enabling quantitative multiplexed characterization of vesicle mechanics and cell aggregates rheology
Authors: Landiech Sylvain , Elias Marianne , Lapèze Pierre , Ajiyel Hajar , Plancke Marine , González-Bermúdez Blanca , Laborde Adrian , Mesnilgrente Fabien , Bourrier David , Berti Debora , Montis Costanza , Mazenq Laurent , Baldo Jérémy , Roux Clément , Delarue Morgan , Joseph Pierre
Published: June 2024

Micropipette aspiration (MPA) is one of the gold standards for quantifying biological samples' mechanical properties, which are crucial from the cell membrane scale to the multicellular tissue. However, relying on the manipulation of individual home-made glass pipettes, MPA suffers from low throughput and no automation. Here, we introduce the sliding insert micropipette aspiration method, which permits parallelization and automation, thanks to the insertion of tubular pipettes, obtained by photolithography, within microfluidic channels. We show its application both at the lipid bilayer level, by probing vesicles to measure membrane bending and stretching moduli, and at the tissue level by quantifying the viscoelasticity of 3D cell aggregates. This approach opens the way to high-throughput, quantitative mechanical testing of many types of biological samples, from vesicles and individual cells to cell aggregates and explants, under dynamic physico-chemical stimuli.
TeMPO: Efficient time-multiplexed dynamic photonic tensor core for edge AI with compact slow-light electro-optic modulator
Authors: Zhang Meng , Yin Dennis , Gangi Nicholas , Begović Amir , Chen Alexander , Huang Zhaoran Rena , Gu Jiaqi
Published: June 2024

Electronic–photonic computing systems offer immense potential in energy-efficient artificial intelligence (AI) acceleration tasks due to the superior computing speed and efficiency of optics, especially for real-time, low-energy deep neural network inference tasks on resource-restricted edge platforms. However, current optical neural accelerators based on foundry-available devices and conventional system architecture still encounter a performance gap compared to highly customized electronic counterparts. To bridge the performance gap due to lack of domain specialization, we present a time-multiplexed dynamic photonic tensor accelerator, dubbed TeMPO, with cross-layer device/circuit/architecture customization. At the device level, we present foundry-compatible, customized photonic devices, including a slow-light electro-optic modulator with experimental demonstration, optical splitters, and phase shifters that significantly reduce the footprint and power in input encoding and dot-product calculation. At the circuit level, partial products are hierarchically accumulated via parallel photocurrent aggregation, lightweight capacitive temporal integration, and sequential digital summation, considerably relieving the analog-to-digital conversion bottleneck. We also employ a multi-tile, multi-core architecture to maximize hardware sharing for higher efficiency. Across diverse edge AI workloads, TeMPO delivers digital-comparable task accuracy with superior quantization/noise tolerance. We achieve a 368.6 TOPS peak performance, 22.3 TOPS/W energy efficiency, and 1.2 TOPS/mm2 compute density, pushing the Pareto frontier in edge AI hardware. This work signifies the power of cross-layer co-design and domain-specific customization, paving the way for future electronic–photonic accelerators with even greater performance and efficiency.
Robust inverse parameter fitting of thermal properties from the laser-based Ångstrom method in the presence of measurement noise using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs)
Authors: Sripada Shanmukhi , Gaitonde Aalok U. , Weibel Justin A. , Marconnet Amy M.
Published: June 2024

The two-dimensional laser-based Ångstrom method measures the in-plane thermal properties for anisotropic film-like materials. It involves periodic laser heating at the center of a suspended film sample and records its transient thermal response by infrared imaging. These spatiotemporal temperature data must be analyzed to extract the unknown thermal conductivity values in the orthotropic directions, an inverse parameter fitting problem. Previous demonstration of the metrology technique used a least-squares fitting method that relies on numerical differentiation to evaluate the second-order partial derivatives in the differential equation describing transient conduction in the physical system. This fitting approach is susceptible to measurement noise, introducing high uncertainty in the extracted properties when working with noisy data. For example, when noise of a signal-to-noise ratio of 10 is added to simulated amplitude and phase data, the error in the extracted thermal conductivity can exceed 80%. In this work, we introduce a new alternative inverse parameter fitting approach using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to increase the robustness of the measurement technique for noisy temperature data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach even for scenarios with extreme levels of noise in the data. Specifically, the PINN-approach accurately extracts the properties to within 5% of the true values even for high noise levels (a signal-to-noise ratio of 1). This offers a promising avenue for improving the robustness and accuracy of advanced thermal metrology tools that rely on inverse parameter fitting of temperature data to extract thermal properties.
Study on interface characteristics of TC4/7075 explosive welding based on molecular dynamics algorithm
Authors: Xiaoming Wu , Yonggen Cai , Changgen Shi
Published: June 2024

The preparation of TC4/7075 composites for ultra-thin flyer plates is a significant challenge in the field of explosive welding. A weldability window for multi-layer metal explosive welding and a configuration for ultra-thin flyer plate explosive welding were established in this study. TC4/7075 composite materials were successfully prepared with a flyer plate thickness of only 0.3 mm. An analysis was conducted on the material bonding ability, element diffusion, crystal evolution, and microscopic morphology during the explosive welding process of TC4/7075, utilizing the weldability window, molecular dynamics algorithm, and electron backscattered diffraction testing. The results show that various dislocations are present at the interface, predominantly 1/6 ⟨112⟩ dislocations. Element diffusion primarily occurs during the unloading stage at high temperature and zero external pressure; the interface has the best bonding ability when titanium exhibits FCC lattice structure. The prepared composite material demonstrates high intra-grain and grain boundary stresses; the rolling texture is observed on the aluminum side while an equiaxed twin structure forms on the titanium side due to interactions between stacking faults, Stair-rod dislocations, and Hirth immovable dislocations.
Fluctuation of the unsteady force on the rotor blade surface under circumferential distortion in axial flow compressor
Authors: Peng Feng , Li Jichao , Liu Jingyuan , Deng Yuyang , Zhang Hongwu
Published: June 2024

To deeply understand the negative impact of circumferential inlet distortion on the internal flow of the compressor, by using the unsteady force testing technique of a rotor blade surface under a rotating coordinate system, the pressure fluctuations on the rotor blade surface are successfully captured when the rotor blade rotates through the distortion region. Results show that the pressure on the suction surface increases and the inlet angle of attack decreases before the rotor blade enters the distorted region. The pressure difference between the pressure and suction surface is obviously enhanced, thereby sharply increasing the blade load and intensifying the flow separation, which is easy to induce instability. When the rotor blade rotates out of the distortion region, the pressure on the suction surface is still low; thus, the inlet angle of attack in this position is larger than before entering the distorted region. It also shows that the outlet of the distorted region is prone to trigger stall. In addition, the dynamic spectrum characteristics of unsteady forces on the blade surface demonstrate that the energy of the rotor frequency and its harmonics increases significantly and the energy of low frequency disturbance is enhanced when the rotor blade rotates through the distorted region. As a result, the vibration is more obvious in the distorted region, especially the energy of natural vibration frequency of the rotor blade is enhanced. When the compressor stalls, the vibration at the rotor blade root is intensified, which is significantly stronger than at the rotor blade tip. It provides support for evaluating the influence of stall and surge on the lifecycle of rotor blade when suffering from circumferential inlet distortion.
Amphibious vehicle's resistance optimization through neural networks and genetic algorithms
Authors: Liu Bolong , Zhang Yifan , Pan Dibo , Xu Xiaojun , Cai Tong
Published: June 2024

Amphibious vehicles, as a new type of aquatic and terrestrial transport platform, are increasingly involved in the existing transportation system. Resistance is a key factor that affects the efficiency and energy consumption of vehicles in aquatic sailing. Resistance reduction optimization design is a focal point and challenge in the design process of amphibious vehicles. In this paper, a resistance performance optimization method has been proposed based on neural networks and genetic algorithms. First, key parameters for the shape design are extracted based on a thorough understanding of the vehicle's performance. These parameters are used to construct a parameterized design space. Second, a training set is obtained based on the Latin hypercube sampling method and numerical calculation methods, and a test set is randomly generated. To achieve better resistance prediction performance, a method based on the genetic algorithm-optimized backpropagation Neural Network is proposed. Next, the resistance performance of the two operating conditions is optimized through the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II, and optimized configuration parameters are obtained, which has a 22.71% energy-saving ratio at cruising speed. Finally, the optimized configuration is analyzed using numerical calculation methods to validate the resistance prediction and optimization methods.
Research on rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on simulation and experiment fusion drive
Authors: Li Yonghua , Wang Denglong , Zhao Xin , Men Zhihui , Wang Yipeng
Published: June 2024

Aiming at the problem that the rolling bearing fault data are difficult to obtain and that the traditional fault diagnosis method does not consider the signal uncertainty characteristics and the low accuracy of models in the process of rolling bearing fault, a fault diagnosis method based on simulation and experiment fusion drive is proposed. First, the dynamics simulation model of rolling bearings under different fault conditions is established to obtain the bearing fault simulation signals. Second, a sequence generative adversarial network is used to fuse the simulation and experimental data. Bearing vibration signals are often very uncertain, so considering the probability characteristics of fault signals, the probability box model under different fault states is constructed by the direct probability box modeling method, and its characteristic vectors are extracted. Finally, an extreme gradient boosting Tree model for fault diagnosis classification is constructed to compare and evaluate the classification and diagnosis effects of bearing states before and after data fusion. The results show that the proposed method has a good diagnostic effect and is suitable for solving the fault diagnosis problem under the condition of insufficient data.
Broadband tunable resonance modes from multi-composition monolayer MoS2(1−x)Se2x with SiO2 microsphere cavity
Authors: Liao Feng , Huang Haidong , Xie Qingqing , Zeng Yuhan , Liang Li , Gu Fuxing , Zuo Zewen
Published: June 2024

Two-dimensional (2D) monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) that are compatible with Si-based substrates have already exhibited huge application potential in optoelectronics and photonics. The MoS2(1−x)Se2x ternary alloy consisting of two different chalcogens, as a class of lasing gain medium, enriches the family of 2D TMDC materials. Here, monolayer MoS2(1−x)Se2x ternary alloys with tunable composition have been synthesized via single-step chemical vapor deposition method. Raman and photoluminescence studies demonstrate that the bandgap of grown monolayer MoS2(1−x)Se2x alloys can be gradually tuned from 1.59 to 1.82 eV, indicating the continuous changes of the chemical composition x from 0.82 to 0. The oscillation characteristic is further investigated, where the MoS2(1−x)Se2x alloy provides optical gain for the SiO2 microsphere resonant cavity. The achieved resonance modes in a broadband range from 610 to 810 nm not only extend the range of potential TMDC-based lasers, but also drive the applications of alloy materials in various optoelectronics devices.
Alternative oxidase blunts pseudohypoxia and photoreceptor degeneration due to RPE mitochondrial dysfunction
Authors: Chen Ming , Wang Yekai , Dalal Roopa , Du Jianhai , Vollrath Douglas
Published: June 2024

Loss of mitochondrial electron transport complex (ETC) function in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in vivo results in RPE dedifferentiation and progressive photoreceptor degeneration, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Xenogenic expression of alternative oxidases in mammalian cells and tissues mitigates phenotypes arising from some mitochondrial electron transport defects, but can exacerbate others. We expressed an alternative oxidase from
Ciona intestinalis
(AOX) in ETC-deficient murine RPE in vivo to assess the retinal consequences of stimulating coenzyme Q oxidation and respiration without ATP generation. RPE-restricted expression of AOX in this context is surprisingly beneficial. This focused intervention mitigates RPE mTORC1 activation, dedifferentiation, hypertrophy, stress marker expression, pseudohypoxia, and aerobic glycolysis. These RPE cell autonomous changes are accompanied by increased glucose delivery to photoreceptors with attendant improvements in photoreceptor structure and function. RPE-restricted AOX expression normalizes accumulated levels of succinate and 2-hydroxyglutarate in ETC-deficient RPE, and counteracts deficiencies in numerous neural retinal metabolites. These features can be attributed to the activation of mitochondrial inner membrane flavoproteins such as succinate dehydrogenase and proline dehydrogenase, and alleviation of inhibition of 2-oxyglutarate-dependent dioxygenases such as prolyl hydroxylases and epigenetic modifiers. Our work underscores the importance to outer retinal health of coenzyme Q oxidation in the RPE and identifies a metabolic network critical for photoreceptor survival in the context of RPE mitochondrial dysfunction.
Lexical use in spoken New Englishes and Learner Englishes
Authors: Gilquin Gaëtanelle
Published: June 2024

This chapter, set within the framework of constrained communication, investigates the linguistic effects,
in terms of lexical use, of a number of shared and distinct communicative constraints that are thought to play a role in New
Englishes and Learner Englishes. Relying on corpora of spoken Hong Kong English (HKE) and Mainland Chinese English (MCE), as
well as native British English as a reference, it adopts a twofold methodology combining automatic measures of lexical
complexity and a manual examination of lexical choices in a picture description task. The vocabulary used by HKE speakers
appears to be more varied and sophisticated than that of MCE speakers, but otherwise the two groups display similar traces of
potential L1 influence and employ the same strategies to compensate for limitations on proficiency. Native speakers’
vocabulary tends to be less complex and less formal, which is explained by their better stylistic awareness and possibly their
lower task expertise.
Glassy-winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar)
Authors:   Fera Science, Audsley Neil , Avila Gonzalo ,   Plant & Food Research, Ioratti Claudio ,   Fondazione Edmund Mach, Caron Valerie ,   CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Ferracini Chiara ,   Università di Torino, Bukovinszki Tibor ,   Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority, Kenis Marc ,   CABI, Milonas Panagiotis ,   Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Herz Annette ,   Julius Kühn-Institut, Trdan Stanislav ,   University of Ljubljana, Fatu Ana-Christina ,   Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, Sabbatini-Peverieri Giuseppino ,   Agricultural Research Council South Africa, Lesieur Vincent ,   CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Borowiec Nicolas ,   Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, Collatz Jana ,   Agroscope, Tanner Rob ,   European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization, McGee Conor ,   Department of Agriculture Food and the Marine Ireland
Published: June 2024

The glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis), native to the southeastern USA and northeastern Mexico, has become a major economic threat to the grape and wine industry of California, USA, due to its role as a vector for the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa. This pest has also spread to Hawaii, Cook Islands, Easter Island and French Polynesia. In California, chemical control measures have led to imidacloprid resistance, necessitating sustainable management options. Classical biological control has been effective, particularly using egg parasitoids from the genus Cosmocomoidea. The most successful species, Cosmocomoidea ashmeadi, has achieved parasitism rates of 80-100% and significantly reduced H. vitripennis populations in California and French Polynesia. Cosmocomoidea walkerjonesi offers complementary control, particularly in cooler regions. These parasitoids present promising long-term solutions for managing H. vitripennis populations.
Regulation of cell function and identity by cellular senescence
Authors: Huna Anda , Massemin Amélie , Makulyte Gabriela , Flaman Jean-Michel , Martin Nadine , Bernard David
Published: June 2024

During aging and in some contexts, like embryonic development, wound healing, and diseases such as cancer, senescent cells accumulate and play a key role in different pathophysiological functions. A long-held belief was that cellular senescence decreased normal cell functions, given the loss of proliferation of senescent cells. This view radically changed following the discovery of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), factors released by senescent cells into their microenvironment. There is now accumulating evidence that cellular senescence also promotes gain-of-function effects by establishing, reinforcing, or changing cell identity, which can have a beneficial or deleterious impact on pathophysiology. These effects may involve both proliferation arrest and autocrine SASP production, although they largely remain to be defined. Here, we provide a historical overview of the first studies on senescence and an insight into emerging trends regarding the effects of senescence on cell identity.
Characterization methods on moisture-enabled power generator: mechanism, parameters and applications
Authors: Fu Chunqiao , Lu Xulei , Yang Tingting
Published: June 2024

Moisture, such as water vapor or mist found in natural environments, contains enormous amounts of energy. Moisture-enabled power generator (MEG) provides a new way to efficiently harness the energy contained in moisture by exploiting the interaction between water molecules and nanostructures. Functional materials are important components of generators, and in-depth analyses of their structure, morphology, and mass-transfer characteristics are a reliable basis for understanding the principles of power generation and improving device design. At the same time, performance is the most important parameter of the generator, which directly reflects the strengths and weaknesses of the generator and determines the possible applications of the device. This review provides a general overview of performance characterizations of MEGs and characterization methods of functional materials, and attempts to establish the relationship between power generation principle-material structure-mass transfer characteristics-device performance-application. The first part briefly summarizes the mechanism of MEGs. The second part provides a comprehensive discussion of various characterization methods for functional materials. The third part focuses on the representation and calculation methods of performance parameters of MEGs. The last part highlights current challenges and prospects.
Which CAP components are relevant for enhancing dermal microcirculation in intact skin?
Authors: Borchardt Thomas , Grams Ole , Emmert Steffen , Viöl Wolfgang , Helmke Andreas
Published: June 2024

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been shown to be beneficial in various medical fields such as wound healing, oncology or dentistry. A prominent effect induced by CAP is the boost of microcirculation in human skin tissue. Being a complex cocktail of physical and chemically reactive components, the mechanisms by which CAP enhances microcirculation still remain unclear. Thus, this study aims to identify relevant CAP components involved in stimulation of dermal microcirculation. In a comparative approach, the application of the same CAP source was modified in such a way that three different treatment modalities could be realized, each with a characteristic composition of electrical current flow and concentration of reactive species. Microcirculation parameters oxygen saturation (StO2), tissue hemoglobin index, near-infrared perfusion index and tissue water index were recorded before and after each treatment on the lateral proximal left arm of 10 healthy volunteers by means of hyperspectral imaging. The maximum microcirculatory response to CAP was observed when all components were allowed to interact with skin tissue (standard treatment). In contrast, no upregulation was found as soon as electric currents and fields had been removed from the effective component spectrum. Application of the CAP source at reduced concentrations of reactive species compared to standard treatment led to significant but less pronounced enhancement of dermal microcirculation. The findings of this study indicate that a synergistic interplay of all CAP components promotes microcirculation in dermal tissue most effectively. Moreover, the findings support the hypothesis that electric currents and fields play a key role in enabling microcirculation boost whereas availability of reactive species in the gas phase is associated with the intensity of the tissue response to CAP treatment.
Experimental investigation on magnetically controlled air arc oscillation characteristics for DC interruption
Authors: Zhang Yushi , Wu Yi , Sun Hao , Wu Yifei , Liu Tianxiao
Published: June 2024

With the development of the direct current (DC) power grid, the research of the forced current zero techniques in DC circuit breakers is of vital importance. Through applying an external alternating transverse magnetic field to an air arc confined by insulating walls, the arc can oscillate in a specific pattern, which is defined as ‘magnetically controlled arc oscillation’ in this article. The air arc oscillation characteristics are investigated through arc voltage spectrum analysis and arc motion captured by a high-speed camera. It can be found that the arc motion can be divided into a gliding process and a stretching process. The arc voltage oscillates at a particular frequency, which is nearly twice the magnetic field frequency. The basic arc oscillation pattern can be described from the aspects of arc voltage, arc column length and arc root velocity. Furthermore, this article proposes a DC breaking scheme based on the investigated magnetically controlled air arc oscillation characteristics. The forced current zero crossing point can be created in the resonant process between the oscillated air arc and the parallel-connected inductance-capacitance (LC) commutation path. Based on the proposed DC breaking scheme, interruption experiments are carried out, and it is observed that a current of 4.2 kA can be interrupted within several milliseconds. The feasibility of DC interruption based on magnetically controlled arc oscillation has been proved.
Perturbative versus non-perturbative renormalization
Authors: Hariharakrishnan S , Jentschura U D , Márián I G , Szabó K , Nándori I
Published: June 2024

Approximated functional renormalization group (FRG) equations lead to regulator-dependent β-functions, in analogy to the scheme-dependence of the perturbative renormalization group (pRG) approach. A scheme transformation redefines the couplings to relate the β-functions of the FRG method with an arbitrary regulator function to the pRG ones obtained in a given scheme. Here, we consider a periodic sine-Gordon scalar field theory in d = 2 dimensions and show that the relation of the FRG and pRG approaches is intricate. Although both the FRG and the pRG methods are known to be sufficient to obtain the critical frequency

β

c

2

=
8
π

of the model independently of the choice of the regulator and the renormalization scheme, we show that one has to go beyond the standard pRG method (e.g. using an auxiliary mass term) or the Coulomb-gas representation in order to obtain the β-function of the wave function renormalization. This aspect makes the scheme transformation non-trivial. Comparing flow equations of the two-dimensional sine-Gordon theory without any scheme-transformation, i.e. redefinition of couplings, we find that the auxiliary mass pRG β-functions of the minimal subtraction scheme can be recovered within the FRG approach with the choice of the power-law regulator with b = 2, which therefore constitutes a preferred choice for the comparison of FRG and pRG flows.
Advances in metal-organic framework-based nanozymes in ROS scavenging medicine
Authors: Xu Zhong , Chen Liang , Luo Yan , Wei Yan-Mei , Wu Ning-Yuan , Luo Lan-Fang , Wei Yong-Biao , Huang Jin
Published: June 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play important roles in regulating various physiological functions in the human body, however, excessive ROS can cause serious damage to the human body, considering the various limitations of natural enzymes as scavengers of ROS in the body, the development of better materials for the scavenging of ROS is of great significance to the biomedical field, and nanozymes, as a kind of nanomaterials which can show the activity of natural enzymes. Have a good potential for the development in the area of ROS scavenging. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), which are porous crystalline materials with a periodic network structure composed of metal nodes and organic ligands, have been developed with a variety of active nanozymes including catalase-like, superoxide dismutase-like, and glutathione peroxidase-like enzymes due to the adjustability of active sites, structural diversity, excellent biocompatibility, and they have shown a wide range of applications and prospects. In the present review, we first introduce three representative natural enzymes for ROS scavenging in the human body, methods for the detection of relevant enzyme-like activities and mechanisms of enzyme-like clearance are discussed, meanwhile, we systematically summarize the progress of the research on MOF-based nanozymes, including the design strategy, mechanism of action, and medical application, etc. Finally, the current challenges of MOF-based nanozymes are summarized, and the future development direction is anticipated. We hope that this review can contribute to the research of MOF-based nanozymes in the medical field related to the scavenging of ROS.
Synthesis of Au@Ag core-shell nanorods with tunable optical properties
Authors: Miryousefi Navid , Varmazyad Mahboubeh , Ghasemi Forough
Published: June 2024

The synthesis of noble metal nanostructures with adjustable optical properties is essential due to their potential applications in various fields such as imaging, (bio) sensors, and catalysis. In this study, Au@Ag core-shell nanorods were synthesized with tunable optical properties. The synthesis process includes a two-stage approach: first, gold nanorods were synthesized through seed-mediated growth, and in the second stage, these gold nanorods were used as seeds to synthesize Au@Ag core-shell nanorods through the silver deposition process. Tunable core-shell nanorods were produced by changing the concentration of silver ions, reducing agent, stabilizing agent, seeds, and buffer as well as pH and the reaction time. Transmission electron microscopy images demonstrated the formation of the Au@Ag core-shell nanorod structure. In addition, UV-visible spectroscopy revealed the peak height and its shift towards shorter wavelengths, demonstrating the tunable optical properties of the synthesized nanorods. Overall, in this study, we demonstrated the synthesis of Au@Ag core-shell nanorods with adjustable plasmonic optical properties that could be changed by precisely controlling the thickness of the silver shell on the surface of the gold core.
The horizontal magnetic primitive equations approximation of the anisotropic MHD equations in a thin 3D domain
Authors: Zhang Jie , Liu Wenjun
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we give a rigorous justification for the derivation of the primitive equations with only horizontal viscosity and magnetic diffusivity (PEHM) as the small aspect ratio limit of the incompressible three-dimensional scaled horizontal viscous magnetohydrodynamics (SHMHD) equations. Choosing an aspect ratio parameter

ε
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

, we consider the case that if the orders of the horizontal and vertical viscous coefficients µ and ν are

μ
=
O
(
1
)

and

ν
=
O
(

ε
α

)

, and the orders of magnetic diffusion coefficients κ and σ are

κ
=
O
(
1
)

and

σ
=
O
(

ε
α

)

, with α > 2, then the limiting system is the PEHM as ɛ goes to zero. For

H
1

-initial data, we prove that the global weak solutions of the SHMHD equations converge strongly to the local-in-time strong solutions of the PEHM, as ɛ tends to zero. For

H
1

-initial data with additional regularity

(

∂
z

A
~

0

,

∂
z

B
~

0

)
∈

L
p

(
Ω
)
(
2
<
p
<
∞
)

, we slightly improve the well-posed result in Cao et al (2017 J. Funct. Anal.
272 4606–41) to extend the local-in-time strong convergences to the global-in-time one. For

H
2

-initial data, we show that the global-in-time strong solutions of the SHMHD equations converge strongly to the global-in-time strong solutions of the PEHM, as ɛ goes to zero. Moreover, the rate of convergence is of the order

O
(

ε

γ

/

2

)

, where

γ
=
min
{
2
,
α
−
2
}

with

α
∈
(
2
,
∞
)

. It should be noted that in contrast to the case α > 2, the case α = 2 has been investigated by Du and Li in (2022 arXiv:2208.01985), in which they consider the primitive equations with magnetic field (PEM) and the rate of global-in-time convergences is of the order

O
(
ε
)

.
Emergence of two-fold non-Hermitian spectral topology through synthetic spin engineering
Authors: Sarkar Ronika , Banerjee Ayan , Narayan Awadhesh
Published: June 2024

The union of topology and non-Hermiticity has led to the unveiling of many intriguing phenomena. We introduce a synthetic spin-engineered model belonging to symmetry class AI, which is a rare occurrence, and demonstrate the emergence of a multi-fold spectral topology. As an example of our proposal, we engineer non-Hermiticity in the paradigmatic Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) model by introducing a generalized synthetic spin, leading to an emergent two-fold spectral topology that governs the decoupled behaviour of the corresponding non-Hermitian skin effect. As a consequence of the spin choice, our model exhibits a rich phase diagram consisting of distinct topological phases, which we characterize by introducing the notion of paired winding numbers, which, in turn, predict the direction of skin localization under open boundaries. We demonstrate that the choice of spin parameters enables control over the directionality of the skin effect, allowing for it to be unilateral or bilateral. Furthermore, we discover non-dispersive flat bands emerging within the inherent SSH model framework, arising from the spin-engineering approach. We also introduce a simplified toy model to capture the underlying physics of the emergent flat bands and direction-selective skin effect. As an illustration of experimental feasibility, we present a topoelectric circuit that faithfully emulates the underlying spin-engineered Hamiltonian, providing a viable platform for realizing our predicted effects. Our findings pave way for the exploration of unconventional spectral topology through spin-designed models.
A wide range oxygen sensing strategy with the collaboration of multiple phosphorescence probes
Authors: Wang Yongda , Sun Zhiyang , Peng Lixin , Kou Meng , Qin Feng , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: June 2024

A wide range oxygen measurement system with the relative measurement error of less than 1.5% across 4 orders of magnitude of oxygen dynamic range has been developed. We proposed a theoretical evaluation method of the measurement capability of oxygen probes, which points that the relative measurement error (δ) is equal to the reciprocal of the product of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and relative sensitivity (S
r). A minimum value point in the curve of δ with oxygen concentration is existing due to the opposite trends of SNR and S
r Based on the evaluation results, an oxygen probe group was selected scientifically for wide range oxygen measurement. The efficacy of the developed measurement system, featuring adaptive oxygen probe switching, was verified through testing, confirming its compliance with accuracy requirements for measurements.
Two Watts is all you need: enabling in-detector real-time machine learning for neutrino telescopes via edge computing
Authors: Jin Miaochen , Hu Yushi , Argüelles C.A.
Published: June 2024

The use of machine learning techniques has significantly increased the physics discovery potential of neutrino telescopes.
In the upcoming years, we are expecting upgrades of currently existing detectors and new telescopes with novel experimental hardware, yielding more statistics as well as more complicated data signals.
This calls for an upgrade on the software side needed to handle this more complex data in a more efficient way.
Specifically, we seek low power and fast software methods to achieve real-time signal processing, where current machine learning methods are too expensive to be deployed in the resource-constrained regions where these experiments are located.
We present the first attempt at and a proof-of-concept for enabling machine learning methods to be deployed in-detector for water/ice neutrino telescopes via quantization and deployment on Google Edge Tensor Processing Units (TPUs).
We design a recursive neural network with a residual convolutional embedding and adapt a quantization process to deploy the algorithm on a Google Edge TPU.
This algorithm can achieve similar reconstruction accuracy compared with traditional GPU-based machine learning solutions while requiring the same amount of power compared with CPU-based regression solutions, combining the high accuracy and low power advantages and enabling real-time in-detector machine learning in even the most power-restricted environments.
Baseline design of laser fusion research reactor with MW class laser facility
Authors: Iwamoto Akifumi , Tanaka Masahiro , Shigemori Keisuke , Kodama Ryosuke
Published: June 2024

We propose a sub-ignition/burning reactor which is named the Laser-fusion Subcritical Power Reactor Engineering Method (L-Supreme). The reliabilities of L-Supreme in a MW class laser facility are assessed with respect to the following points: a reactor core, a target chamber, a target delivery system, an Exhaust Detritiation System (EDS), and neutron shielding. The Japan Establishment for Power-laser Community Harvest (J-EPoCH) would be applied as a MW class laser facility. A non-cryogenic glass balloon target filled with gaseous deuterium-tritium (DT) is contained in a target capsule. A chain-type magazine system might be used for a mass supply of the target capsules. Each target capsule is delivered to the center of a reactor core at 1 Hz. A batch of 10 000 laser shots would realize 0.22 MJ fusion power. The amount of tritium per batch is 1.51 × 1012 Bq. During laser experiments, unburned tritium is evacuated and transferred into an Exhaust Detritiation System (EDS). An evacuation rate of more than 0.1 m3 s−1 is required in order to recover less than 5000 Bq m−3 of the threshold of tritium concentration within 1 h. For safety, emergency situations such as tritium leakage in facilities are examined. The EDS works by internal circulation processes. Assuming leakage of tritium for a batch, an air circulation flow rate of 4100 Nm3 h−1 is required in an experimental hall for recovering less than 5000 Bq m−3 within 48 h. A primary and secondary neutron shield concept are proposed and would provide full neutron shielding. We conclude that it is possible to construct the L-Supreme system by marshalling current technologies.