bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Learner Experience of an Online Co-Learning Model to Support Mental Health during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Briand Catherine , Hakin Regis , Macario de Medeiros Julio , Luconi Francesca , Vachon Brigitte , Drolet Marie-Josée , Boivin Antoine , Vallée Catherine , Montminy Sarah
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the mental health of the population such as increased levels of anxiety, psychological distress, isolation, etc. Access to mental health services has been limited due to the “overflow” of demands. The Recovery College (RC) model, an education-based approach, has addressed this challenge and provided online well-being and mental health courses to at-risk populations. The RC model proposes a co-learning space in an adult education program where learners from diverse backgrounds collectively learn and empower themselves to better address psychological well-being and mental health issues. The aim of this study was to document the experience of learners who participated in online RC courses during the COVID-19 pandemic and the perceived impact of these courses on their mental health. A qualitative interpretative descriptive study design was employed, and Miles and Huberman’s stepwise content analysis method was used to mine the data for themes. Fourteen structured online interviews were conducted with a sample representative of the diversity of learners. Five categories of themes emerged: (1) updating and validating your mental health knowledge, (2) taking care of yourself and your mental health, (3) improving and modifying your behaviors and practices, (4) changing how you look at yourself and others, and (5) interacting and connecting with others. Results suggest that online RC courses can be an effective strategy for supporting individual self-regulation and empowerment, breaking social isolation, and reducing the effects of stress in times of social confinement measures and limited access to care.
Grit but Not Help-Seeking Was Associated with Food Insecurity among Low Income, At-Risk Rural Veterans
Authors: Qin Yue , Sneddon Douglas A. , MacDermid Wadsworth Shelley , Topp Dave , Sterrett Rena A. , Newton Jake R. , Eicher-Miller Heather A.
Published: January 2023

Rural veterans have poorer health, use healthcare services less often than their urban counterparts, and have more prevalent food insecurity than average U.S. households. Food insecurity and resource use may be influenced by modifiable psychological attributes such as grit and help-seeking behaviors, which may be improved through interventions. Grit and help-seeking have not been previously evaluated among rural veterans. Thus, this cross-sectional study evaluated the hypothesis that grit and help-seeking were associated with food insecurity and the use of resources. Food security, resource use, grit, and help-seeking behavior were assessed among rural veterans (≥18 years) from five food pantries in southern Illinois counties (n = 177) from March 2021 to November 2021. Adjusted multiple regression was used to estimate the relationship between the odds of food insecurity and the use of resources with grit and help-seeking scores. Higher grit scores were significantly associated with lower odds of food insecurity (OR = 0.5, p = 0.009). No other associations were detected. The results provided evidence to inform the content of future educational interventions to improve food insecurity and address health disparities among rural veterans by addressing grit. The enhancement of psychological traits such as grit is related to food security and has the potential to benefit other aspects of well-being.
Enhancing Cross-Cultural Competence of Medical and Healthcare Students with the Use of Simulated Patients—A Systematic Review
Authors: Walkowska Aleksandra , Przymuszała Piotr , Marciniak-Stępak Patrycja , Nowosadko Maria , Baum Ewa
Published: January 2023

Increasing cultural and linguistic diversities of populations have created a challenge for medical educators to provide authentic learning experiences fostering cross-cultural understanding and interprofessional attitudes of students. Simulations with actors portraying patients (commonly referred to as simulated patients) are effective learning modalities to teach students to provide culturally competent care and influence the quality of patient-centered care. The aim of this systematic review was to identify and synthesize available evidence on the use of simulations with simulated patients as a learning intervention to teach cultural competence to the students of healthcare professions. The PubMed, Medline Complete, and CINAHL databases were searched for articles, which resulted in 27 papers being included in the review. Results revealed that engaging students in cross-cultural interactions with patients increases their level of cultural competence, confidence, and learning satisfaction, and therefore, simulations with simulated patients can serve as a powerful reinforcement of cross-cultural education.
Exploring Urban Green Spaces’ Effect against Traffic Exposure on Childhood Leukaemia Incidence
Authors: Ojeda Sánchez Carlos , García-Pérez Javier , Gómez-Barroso Diana , Domínguez-Castillo Alejandro , Pardo Romaguera Elena , Cañete Adela , Ortega-García Juan , Ramis Rebeca
Published: January 2023

Background: Several environmental factors seem to be involved in childhood leukaemia incidence. Traffic exposure could increase the risk while urban green spaces (UGS) exposure could reduce it. However, there is no evidence how these two factors interact on this infant pathology. Objectives: to evaluate how residential proximity to UGS could be an environmental protective factor against traffic exposure on childhood leukaemia incidence. Methods: A population-based case control study was conducted across thirty Spanish regions during the period 2000–2018. It included 2526 incident cases and 15,156, individually matched by sex, year-of-birth, and place-of-residence. Using the geographical coordinates of the participants’ home residences, a 500 m proxy for exposure to UGS was built. Annual average daily traffic (AADT) was estimated for all types of roads 100 m near the children’s residence. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), UGS, traffic exposure, and their possible interactions were calculated for overall childhood leukaemia, and the acute lymphoblastic (ALL) and acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) subtypes, with adjustment for socio-demographic covariates. Results: We found an increment of childhood leukaemia incidence related to traffic exposure, for every 100 AADT increase the incidence raised 1.1% (95% CI: 0.58–1.61%). UGS exposure showed an incidence reduction for the highest exposure level, Q5 (OR = 0.63; 95% CI = 0.54–0.72). Regression models with both traffic exposure and UGS exposure variables showed similar results but the interaction was not significant. Conclusions: Despite their opposite effects on childhood leukaemia incidence individually, our results do not suggest a possible interaction between both exposures. This is the first study about the interaction of these two environmental factors; consequently, it is necessary to continue taking into account more individualized data and other possible environmental risk factors involved.
Effects of Green Network Management of Urban Street Trees on Airborne Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentration
Authors: Jeong Na-Ra , Han Seung-Won , Ko Baul
Published: January 2023

Street trees are crucial for air pollutant reduction in urban areas. Herein, we used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation to identify changes in airborne particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration based on wind characteristics (direction and velocity) and the green network of street trees. The green network was assessed based on composition of the green area of street trees in the central reserve area and between the motor and pedestrian roads. The PM2.5 concentration varied according to the presence or absence of major reserve planting and the planting structure of the street trees, but not according to the wind direction or velocity. The concentration was lower when the wind direction was 45° (than when the wind direction was 0°), whereas it showed a more significant decrease as the wind velocity increased. Despite variation at each measurement site, the PM2.5 reduction was generally higher when the central reserve and street trees had a multi-planting structure. Hence, to ensure an effective reduction in the PM2.5 concentration on motor roads and reduce its negative impact on pedestrians, both arbors and shrubs should be planted in the central reserve area. The study results will serve as reference for managing the green area network and linear green infrastructure in terms of improving the atmospheric environment.
On Friction, Heat Input, and Material Flow Initiation during Friction Stir Welding: Tool and Process Optimization
Authors: Hossfeld Max
Published: January 2023

The Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process depends entirely upon mechanical contact between the tool and the workpiece. As a result of this, all process phenomena and process outcomes such as weld geometry and mechanical properties are governed by FSW’s frictional system. The following work characterizes this system with a focus on process initialization, heat input and material flow. For this purpose, an experimental program for the isolated investigation of the frictional system was carried out. Short-term effects such as contact initiation, run-in behavior and frictional transitions are considered as well as the influences of process parameters and geometry. The system and its behavior are analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively by experiments altering the normal pressure, relative velocity, and tool geometry. The experiments demonstrate a self-similar behavior of the process, including an important wear transition which initiates the material flow, and a subsequent equilibrium of forces, heat balance, and temperatures. The interaction between the tool and the welded material is described, as is the link between the frictional interface and material flow initialization. Based on these findings, recommendations are provided for process optimization and tool design.
RNA Expression Signatures of Intracranial Aneurysm Growth Trajectory Identified in Circulating Whole Blood
Authors: Poppenberg Kerry E. , Chien Aichi , Santo Briana A. , Baig Ammad A. , Monteiro Andre , Dmytriw Adam A. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Mokin Maxim , Snyder Kenneth V. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Tutino Vincent M.
Published: January 2023

After detection, identifying which intracranial aneurysms (IAs) will rupture is imperative. We hypothesized that RNA expression in circulating blood reflects IA growth rate as a surrogate of instability and rupture risk. To this end, we performed RNA sequencing on 66 blood samples from IA patients, for which we also calculated the predicted aneurysm trajectory (PAT), a metric quantifying an IA’s future growth rate. We dichotomized dataset using the median PAT score into IAs that were either more stable and more likely to grow quickly. The dataset was then randomly divided into training (n = 46) and testing cohorts (n = 20). In training, differentially expressed protein-coding genes were identified as those with expression (TPM > 0.5) in at least 50% of the samples, a q-value < 0.05 (based on modified F-statistics with Benjamini-Hochberg correction), and an absolute fold-change ≥ 1.5. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to construct networks of gene associations and to perform ontology term enrichment analysis. The MATLAB Classification Learner was then employed to assess modeling capability of the differentially expressed genes, using a 5-fold cross validation in training. Finally, the model was applied to the withheld, independent testing cohort (n = 20) to assess its predictive ability. In all, we examined transcriptomes of 66 IA patients, of which 33 IAs were “growing” (PAT ≥ 4.6) and 33 were more “stable”. After dividing dataset into training and testing, we identified 39 genes in training as differentially expressed (11 with decreased expression in “growing” and 28 with increased expression). Model genes largely reflected organismal injury and abnormalities and cell to cell signaling and interaction. Preliminary modeling using a subspace discriminant ensemble model achieved a training AUC of 0.85 and a testing AUC of 0.86. In conclusion, transcriptomic expression in circulating blood indeed can distinguish “growing” and “stable” IA cases. The predictive model constructed from these differentially expressed genes could be used to assess IA stability and rupture potential.
Numerical Investigation of Internal Flow Properties around Horizontal Layered Trees by Using the Reynolds Stress Model
Authors: Abbas FAKHAR Muhammad , Tanaka Norio , Amina
Published: January 2023

The aim of this article is to numerically explore the effects of a horizontal double layer of trees (HDLT) across the whole width of the channel on the flow structures under a steady flow rate and subcritical conditions. The numerical domain was established in ANSYS Workbench, and post-processing (i.e., meshing + boundary conditions) along with simulation was carried out by utilizing the computational fluid dynamics tool FLUENT. The three-dimensional (3D) Reynolds stress model and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations were used to analyze the flow properties. The numerical model was first validated and then used for simulation purposes. Two varying configurations of HDLT were selected, represented as Arrangement 1 (tall emerged trees (Tt) + short submerged trees (St)) and Arrangement 2 (short submerged trees (St) + tall emerged trees (Tt)), along with different flow heights. The model accurately captured the simulated results, as evidenced by the vertical distributions of the velocity profiles and Reynolds stresses at specific locations. The strong inflection in velocity and Reynolds stress profiles was observed at the interface of St, contributing to turbulence and giving rise to vertical transportation of momentum between flow layers. While these profiles were almost constant from the beds to the tops of trees at those locations lying in taller trees (Tt), there was an approximate 31–65% increase in streamwise velocities at locations 1–6 in cases 1–2, along with a 54–77% increase at locations 7–10 in cases 3–4, in the unvegetated zone (Z > 0.035 m) compared to the vegetated zone (Z < 0.035 m). The magnitude of turbulence kinetic energy and the eddy dissipation rate were significantly larger inside the short submerged and tall emerged trees as compared to the unvegetated region, i.e., upstream and downstream regions. Similarly, the production of turbulence kinetic energy was approximately 50% and 70% greater inside the tree region (Z < 0.035 m) as compared to above the shorter trees during cases 1–2 and 3–4, respectively.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions towards COVID-19 Vaccinations: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Pakistan
Authors: Bibi Asima , Abbas Sameen , Mushtaq Saima , Mansoor Atika , Green Ivan R. , Mallhi Tauqeer Hussain , Khan Yusra Habib , Khan Amjad
Published: January 2023

Background and Objectives: Several vaccines have been approved for the prevention of the coronavirus disease, discovered on 31 December in Wuhan, China. Pakistan procured vaccines from various countries. However, the lack of knowledge and reluctance of the general population to embrace the use of the vaccines are considered to be the major determinant of the slow vaccination rate. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the willingness of the general population about their perception of the COVID-19 vaccination. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional survey based on a self-structured questionnaire comprising 18 questions was conducted (from 21 April–21 June) on 400 Pakistani participants to evaluate their knowledge, attitude, and perception towards the COVID-19 vaccination. Chi-square independent t-test and one-way Anova including a multiple step wise linear regression were used to draw conclusions about the results. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: A total of 400 participants responded in the knowledge, attitude, and perception (KAP) survey of which 46.5% were female and 53.5% were male. The mean age of participants was 36.08 years. This survey showed a poor knowledge (50.5%), a fair attitude (75.1%) and a poor perception (58.1%) towards the COVID-19 vaccination. Higher mean knowledge and attitude scores were reported in the age group 21–40, females, and unmarried urban citizens. Regression analysis showed that age, education, residence, and employment status influenced the knowledge and perception score to a considerable extent. Conclusions: The findings reflect an inadequate knowledge and perception on the one hand, but a better attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccination. This knowledge attitude and perception (KAP) survey will help in better understanding the opinion of the general population towards vaccination, and will be useful for policy makers and health care authorities aiming to increase the vaccination rate.
High−Accuracy Film−Integrated Optical Sensor for Real−Time Intraocular Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Xu Xiaobin , Liu Zixuan , Wang Liqiang , Huang Yifei , Yang He
Published: January 2023

Intraocular pressure (IOP) is a key indicator to evaluate the risk and status of glaucoma, which is one of the main causes of irreversible blindness. However, the IOP value is susceptible to circadian changes and is difficult to be measured real−time. In this paper, we designed a thin−film integrated optical IOP sensor based on the interferometry principle, which could read out the IOP value by interference patterns and monitor the value changes real−time at the same time. The theoretical and experimental results indicated that our sensor exhibited a sensitivity of 0.19 μm/mmHg and an average accuracy of 0.84 mmHg over the pressure range of 0–45 mmHg, which is comparable with the other reported optical systems but with the advantage of easier fabrication process and low−cost. Our sensor device implies great potential in the application of human physiological index measurement and other chip−integrated medical sensing instruments.
Nutritional Status and Feeding Behavior of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Middle East and North Africa Region: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kittana Monia , Ahmadani Asma , Williams Keith E. , Attlee Amita
Published: January 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children is associated with increased risks of overweight/obesity and underweight, altered nutrient profile, and abnormal feeding behaviors. This systematic review aimed to elucidate the literature on the nutritional status of children with ASD in the Middle East North Africa (MENA) region, by providing a summary and assessment of the body of evidence. A systematic review of English and Arabic publications up to November 2020 was conducted of five databases in addition to the grey literature, which include a nutrition-related parameter, from both experimental and observational study designs. Children with ASD (ASD-C) between 2 and 19 years in the MENA Region were the target population. For risk of bias, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics’ Quality Criteria Checklist (QCC) was adopted. The number of published articles was grossly limited. Forty-three articles were included, of which only four articles reported a low risk of bias; therefore, the results were interpreted in light of methodological limitations. Both overweight and underweight were common in ASD-C, although not consistently different than typically developing children. Nutrient inadequacies of energy, protein, omega-3, and others; deficiencies in serum iron indicators and calcium, as well as vitamins B12, B9, and D levels; and higher levels of homocysteine and omega-6/omega-3 ratios were reported. Feeding behavior problems were also common in ASD-C. Understanding nutritional requirements and food preferences can guide the planning of the appropriate comprehensive interventions for ASD-C. Various nutritional and behavioral concerns were identified in the included studies; however, they were subject to methodological weaknesses, which limited the generalizability of these results. Future research is warranted that must be directed to finding strong evidence using robust study designs on nutritional status and feeding behaviors of ASD-C, with a particular emphasis on the MENA Region.
Quality by Design Assisted Optimization and Risk Assessment of Black Cohosh Loaded Ethosomal Gel for Menopause: Investigating Different Formulation and Process Variables
Authors: Mohapatra Sradhanjali , Mirza Mohd. Aamir , Ahmad Sayeed , Farooq Uzma , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Kohli Kanchan , Iqbal Zeenat
Published: January 2023

Black cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) (CR) is a popular herb and is medically lauded for ameliorating myriad symptoms associated with menopause. However, its pharmaceutical limitations and non-availability of a patient-compliant drug delivery approach have precluded its prevalent use. Henceforth, the current research premise is aimed at developing an ethosomal gel incorporating triterpene enriched fraction (TEF) obtained from CR and evaluating its effectiveness through the transdermal application. TEF-loaded ethosomes were formulated using solvent injection, optimized and characterised. The optimized ethosomes were then dispersed into a polymeric gel base to form ethosomal gel which was further compared with the conventional gel by in-vitro and ex-vivo experiments. Here, the quality by design (QbD) approach was exploited for the optimization and development of ethosomal gel. The elements of QbD comprising initial risk assessment, design of experimentation (DoE), and model validation for the development of formulation have all been described in detail. The optimized ethosomes (F03) showed a nanometric size range, negative zeta potential and good entrapment. The in vitro release profile of gel revealed a burst release pattern following the Korsmeyer Peppas model having Fickian diffusion. The transdermal flux of ethosomal gel was observed to be more than that of conventional gel. Texture analysis and rheological characterization of the gel, revealed good strength showing shear thinning and pseudoplastic behaviour. The confocal microscope investigation revealed the deeper skin permeation of ethosomal gel than conventional gel. This result was further strengthened by DSC, IR and histological assessment of the animal skin (Wistar rat), treated with the optimized formulation. Conclusively, the implementation of QbD in the formulation resulted in a better understanding of the process and the product. It aids in the reduction of product variability and defects, hence improving product development efficiencies. Additionally, the ethosomal gel was found to be a more effective and successful carrier for TEF than the conventional gel through the transdermal route. Moreover, this demands an appropriate animal study, which is underway, for a stronger outcome.
An Interplay between Mitochondrial and ER Targeting of a Bacterial Signal Peptide in Plants
Authors: Spatola Rossi Tatiana , Kriechbaumer Verena
Published: January 2023

Protein targeting is essential in eukaryotic cells to maintain cell function and organelle identity. Signal peptides are a major type of targeting sequences containing a tripartite structure, which is conserved across all domains in life. They are frequently included in recombinant protein design in plants to increase yields by directing them to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or apoplast. The processing of bacterial signal peptides by plant cells is not well understood but could aid in the design of efficient heterologous expression systems. Here we analysed the signal peptide of the enzyme PmoB from methanotrophic bacteria. In plant cells, the PmoB signal peptide targeted proteins to both mitochondria and the ER. This dual localisation was still observed in a mutated version of the signal peptide sequence with enhanced mitochondrial targeting efficiency. Mitochondrial targeting was shown to be dependent on a hydrophobic region involved in transport to the ER. We, therefore, suggest that the dual localisation could be due to an ER-SURF pathway recently characterised in yeast. This work thus sheds light on the processing of bacterial signal peptides by plant cells and proposes a novel pathway for mitochondrial targeting in plants.
Barriers to Educational Inclusion in Initial Teacher Training
Authors: Arnaiz-Sánchez Pilar , De Haro-Rodríguez Remedios , Caballero Carmen María , Martínez-Abellán Rogelio
Published: January 2023

Initial teacher training within the framework of an inclusive school constitutes a fundamental challenge in order to meet the needs of 21st century society. The 2030 agenda establishes in the target of goal four the need for well-qualified teachers, capable of developing inclusive educational responses to the diversity of the needs of the students enrolled in their centres. The objective of this article is to analyse the perception of the school community regarding the initial training of future teachers in providing an inclusive and quality educational response for all students. The design was qualitative, non-experimental and descriptive. The participants were 78 people involved in teacher training and the educational exclusion–inclusion processes in the region of Murcia (Spain). The information collection techniques were 39 semi-structured interviews and 10 focus groups. The analysis of the information was carried out through an inductive categorization process, classifying the information into different analysis codes with the Atlas.Ti program (V. 8). The results of the work indicate that with regard to inclusive education, there is a clear shortfall in the initial training of teachers, a limitation in the acquisition of competences regarding attention to diversity, the presence of theoretical learning which has limited relevance to practical intervention, and a training approach anchored in models from the past which refers to student deficiencies. This work has the value of providing an insight into the barriers present in initial training from the perspective of all the educational actors involved in the educational system, which has not been sufficiently investigated in this field of study.
“All Is Fair in… Meme!” How Heterosexual Users Perceive and React to Memes, News, and Posts Discriminating against Sexual Minorities
Authors: Imperato Chiara , Pagano Maria , Mancini Tiziana
Published: January 2023

Digital discrimination against sexual minorities is becoming prevalent. It increasingly spreads through discriminatory content that mixes text and images (e.g., memes), thus, making online discrimination more difficult to detect. The present survey study focused on digital content that is discriminatory towards sexual minorities, aiming to analyze whether a sample of heterosexual social network users (65.2% female; Mage = 27.13) perceived different forms of discriminatory content (i.e., memes, news, and posts) as equally offensive and to what extent such different forms elicited the same online behavioral reactions. Furthermore, we considered how individuals’ online network heterogeneity could influence their perception of digital discrimination. Results showed that individuals perceived memes as less offensive when compared to both news and posts. Accordingly, we also found that individuals took less time to react to posts when compared to the other forms of content. In addition, those who declared that they had a heterogenous online network perceived memes as more offensive than those who did not. Finally, regarding reacting behaviors, overall results showed that memes elicited few proactive behaviors and more acquiescent and ignoring behaviors than news and posts. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
Residents’ Perception of Tourism Impact, Participation and Support in Destinations under the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Intermediary Role of Government Trust
Authors: Jiang Yajun , Guo Yu , Zhou Huiling
Published: January 2023

Community residents’ support is one of the key factors affecting the development of tourist destinations. A clear understanding of influencing factors and internal transmission mechanisms in community residents’ support for tourism can lend to a theoretical basis and reference for tourism management departments to formulate relevant policies. It is therefore conducive to the rapid recovery and sustainable development of tourism amidst the intermittent outbreaks of COVID-19 pandemic. Taking Guilin as the site for a case study, this study examined the effect of local residents’ perceptions of risks due to the COVID-19 pandemic, benefits of tourism and residents’ participation in it, government trust, and support for tourism. In particular, the intermediary role of residents’ tourism participation and the moderating role of government trust has been explored. A total of 383 residents in Guilin City were selected as the sample for hierarchical regression analysis. The results showed that perceived risks had a significant negative impact on support for tourism, but no significant impact on resident participation. Tourism’s perceived benefits had a significant positive impact on both support for and participation in tourism, and residents’ participation played a partial mediating role in the relationship between perceived benefits of and support for tourism. Government trust played a significant moderating role in the relationship between tourism’s perceived benefits and residents’ participation, between perceived benefits and support for tourism, and between residents’ participation in and support for tourism.
Barriers in the School-Based Pan-Gender HPV Vaccination Program in Sweden: Healthcare Providers’ Perspective
Authors: Enskär Ida , Enskär Karin , Nevéus Tryggve , Hess Engström Andrea , Grandahl Maria
Published: January 2023

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines effectively prevent, and can even eliminate, HPV-related cancers. Currently, vaccination rates are suboptimal in the national Swedish school-based vaccination program. School nurses play a key role in all aspects of the vaccination process. Therefore, this study aims to explore school nurses’ perceived HPV vaccination challenges. Methods: Seven focus group interviews were conducted with school nurses (n = 35) working in nine socio-demographically diverse municipalities in mid-Sweden. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Participants described difficulties in encountering and handling the diversity of reasons for vaccine hesitancy. Parents known to be skeptical of vaccines in general were seen as most difficult to reach. Uncertainty was expressed concerning the extent of professional responsibility for vaccine promotion. The informants expressed a lack of guidelines for vaccine promotion and described challenges in supporting the child’s own wishes. Creating a safe space for the individual child was seen as crucial. Other problems described were the challenges of overcoming children’s fear of needles, supporting unvaccinated children, and being confronted with the remaining gender inequities of the pan-gender vaccination program. Conclusions: Our results suggest that school nurses, especially those new to their profession, may benefit from training and guidance22 material on how to address vaccine hesitancy.
Water Inrush Mechanism and Treatment Measures in Huali Highway Banyanzi Tunnel—A Case Study
Authors: He Yuanzhi , Wang Hanxun , Zhou Jin , Su Haifeng , Luo Li , Zhang Bin
Published: January 2023

In the process of tunnel construction, the water inrush disaster is one of the main engineering geological disasters. In karst strata, different types of water-bearing structures or karst water bodies develop and occur in the soluble rock layer, and tunnel excavation easily forms new drainage channels, resulting in water inrush in the tunnel. Based on the project of the Huali Highway Banyanzi Tunnel, this paper studies the water inrush characteristics, water inrush mechanism, and treatment measures of the karst tunnel. According to the basic data, combined with field investigation, data monitoring, geological radar detection, tracer test, and numerical simulation, the characteristics and hydrogeological conditions of the tunnel water surge were investigated and analyzed. In addition, the mechanism of tunnel water surge was further summarized. Moreover, the tunnel water-gushing management measures are optimized and verified based on the tunnel water spraying mechanism.
Economic obstacles in the implementation of labor law norms
Authors:   Scientific Advisory Council at the Prosecutor General's Office of the Russian Federation, Mironov V. I. , Barbashova T. P. ,   Departments of civil law disciplines at Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas (NIU), Bobrov E. A. , Simonov V. I.
Published: January 2023

The paper discusses the impact of financing on labor activity, its new types, as well as ways of legal regulation of labor relations in modern economic conditions.
Wages: questions of theory, legislation and practice
Authors:   Departments of Civil Procedure and International Law, Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Sokolenko N. N.
Published: January 2023

Salary is the main source of income for people in Russia (63% in 2020). Nevertheless, the analysis of scientific literature, labor legislation and case law reveals problems in the legal regulation of one of the main institutions of labor law which needed to eliminate.In the author's opinion, elimination to legal uncertainties which author found will help to implementation right of every employee on time and full salary which provide worthy of human living standard for himself and his family.
Study on Adsorption of Essential Oils on Polylactic Acid Microparticles
Authors: Virág Lilla , Bocsi Róbert , Pethő Dóra
Published: January 2023

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer that is widely used in medical devices, drug delivery systems, fibers for packaging containers and textiles. However, given that interactions between the polymer and the materials in contact with it affect its applications, it is important to study its adsorption and diffusion properties. The adsorption capacity of different polylactic acid particles regarding different additives, e.g. essential oils (Thymus vulgaris, Melissa officinalis and Foeniculum vulgare), was investigated. PLA microparticles of various sizes were prepared by a solvent emulsification evaporation method. In this study, the specific adsorption of essential oils on PLA microparticles was also investigated, which is related to the solubility parameters of essential oils. The experiments were performed using three different solutions of essential oils and ethanol as a solvent. Two sets of PLA microparticles were prepared with different solvents using three different particle sizes. PLA microparticles exhibited different adsorption properties depending on the solvent that was used for their production. Samples of particles prepared using the solvent dichloromethane had a higher essential oil uptake than those prepared with chloroform. The uptake of essential oil solution did not change significantly (∼60%) by varying either the type of solvent used for PLA preparation or PLA particle size. The solubility of the essential oils affects the specific adsorption of essential oils on the microparticles. Among the components of the Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs), the polarity of essential oils is strongly related to adsorption.
Optimization of Bacillus Licheniformis DSM13 for Biosurfactant Production Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Sakiyo Jesse John , Németh Áron
Published: January 2023

Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds that can reduce surface tension in both aqueous solutions and hydrocarbon mixtures, which in recent times have become more valuable due to their lower toxicity and are generally referred to as green or organic surfactants. Such products are much better than chemical surfactants in terms of their enhanced biodegradation rates and the bioavailability of organic contaminants. Fungi, yeast and bacteria are mainly capable of producing microbial biosurfactants. Bacteria, especially Bacillus, are one of the most frequently applied and studied biosurfactant producers. This study investigated the kinetics of cell growth, the production of biosurfactants as well as the effect of and interactions between the (A) pH within the range of 4.1 to 9.8, (B) glucose concentration between 3.0 and 36.9 g/l, (C) surface tension and (D) emulsification index to maximize biosurfactant production. The analysis was carried out using a central composite design (CCD) model with four factors and five levels. The optimized medium (pH=8 and glucose concentration = 38 g/l) decreased the surface tension to 60 mN/m and increased the product yield up to 2.7 g/l.
A study to investigate the elements that affect students’ willingness to use ICT in the learning and teaching process in higher education in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Chaturvedi Kabita Kumari , Bisaria Charu
Published: January 2023

Greater emphasis is being placed on higher education in India because of developments in Information Communication Technology (ICT). The Internet of Things (IoT) is the driving factor behind the effective delivery of high-quality education in higher education. Over the last two decades, progress in ICT has been integrated into universities worldwide. There is a growing need for highly qualified and capable professionals in today’s globalized world. Even though the Indian government sponsors students from basic school through higher education, much more must be done to transform the country into a technologically literate and educated society. Access to high-quality education has emerged as a critical component in the promotion of economic development and growth worldwide. The contribution of online learning courses, as well as distance learning courses, is growing as a method of extending access to quality education and reaching the country’s most remote locations. In terms of available communication and information technologies, India is now facing a substantial shift in ICT. Furthermore, it is addressing the demands of people who want to complete their studies for the rest of their life at a low cost. Despite its obvious benefits and possibilities, the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in education is fraught with uncertainties and challenges.
Tezaurul de denari romani descoperit la Pârscov, județul Buzău/ The hoard of Roman denarii discovered at Pârscov, Buzău County
Authors: Isvoranu Theodor , Matei Sebastian
Published: January 2023

The authors present a coin hoard consisting of 62 Roman Republican denarii and a good style imitation of a denarius, which was recently discovered in the village of Pârscov, Buzău County, in the place called Gorgane‑Observator. The place of discovery is located in the neighbourhoods of the Geto‑Dacian sites from Târcov – Piatra cu Lilieci, Cârlomănești and Pietroasele – Gruiu Dării. The appearance of the coins, in different stages of wear and with numerous incised control‑marks, probably due to the activity of nummularii, indicates a “circulation coin hoard” that reached the north of the Danube in a pre‑constituted form. The denarii fall chronologically between 179– 170 and 19 BC, the imitation having as prototype the denarius of P. Clodius from 42 BC. The core of the hoard consists of three compact groups totalling 51 denarii, each in almost uninterrupted chronological succession, attesting to the intervals 118– 105, 91– 68 and 58– 40 BC. The best documented is the period of Caesar’s ascension, wars and dictatorship, until after the establishment of the 2nd triumvirate, the coins of the 50‑41 decade representing over 25% of the total. The deposit ends with Octavian issues, the last two denarii bearing the title CAESAR AVGVSTVS. It is the first hoard from the time of Augustus discovered on the territory of Buzău County, having as main analogies in terms of chronology and structure the hoards from Valea (Strâmba), Dâmbovița County and Sfântu Gheorghe, Covasna counties. The circumstances of the concealment of the coin hoard are integrated into the context generated by a series of events related by written sources, which took place between about 17/ 16 BC– 10/ 12 AD, which culminated in the relocation of an entire Getic population from north of the Danube, archaeologically confirmed by the cessation of habitation in the great davae and settlements of Wallachia.
The Medieval cemetery from Dridu – La Metereze (Ialomița County, Romania). Bioarcheological characteristics
Authors: Vasile Gabriel
Published: January 2023

La Metereze (secole XII– XIII ori XIII– XIV) a relevat 18 indivizi de sex masculin, patru de sex feminin și 12 al căror sex este indeterminabil (majoritatea copii şi adolescenţi). Pe clase de vârstă mortalitatea cea mai ridicată la subadulți o întâlnim la copii (57,1%), iar în lotul adulților, la grupa adulților tineri (50,0%). Profilul demografic se înscrie într‑o traiectorie apropiată de modelul atrițional. Speranța de viață la naștere pentru întreaga populație este de 23,67 ani. Staturile adulților, în pofida eşantionului redus, ne indică un pronunțat dimorfism sexual, valorile medii ale bărbaților (160,3 cm) fiind cu 8,3 cm mai mari față de cele ale femeilor (152,0 cm). Numărul ridicat al deceselor în rândul subadulților a fost pus pe seama unor boli (dentare, infecțioase, metabolice) care conduc la un deficit de vitamine (A, B6, B9, B12, C, D) și minerale (Fe) esențiale în anii de creștere și dezvoltare a organismului. O serie de modificări entezopatice, prezența unor caractere non‑metrice dentare și postcraniene, precum și unele manifestări traumatice ne fac să credem că în populația medievală de la Dridu avem de a face, în cazul anumitor indivizi, cu călăreți. O parte a inventarului funerar vine și el în sprijinul acestei afirmații, însă rămânem rezervați în legătură cu sorgintea turanică (pecenegi sau cumani) și integrarea acestor populații nomade în nucleul populațiilor sedentare, creștine (români, slavi) până la data la care vom beneficia și de rezultatele geneticii moleculare.
MANAGER IN A FAMILY FIRM
Authors:   University of Economics in Bydgoszcz (Poland), Kęsy M. , Pawliszczy D. ,   Hromadka commune (Poland), Navolska N. ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Morozovska L. ,   Western Ukrainian National University, Apostolyuk O. ,   Western Ukrainian National University
Published: January 2023

Management is a branch of science in which theoretical reflections alternate with practical proofs. In the management of the immutable state that we experience is its variability. We can accept the paradigm that the cognitive environment in which we operate, we act in a continuous way is changing, subject to change, often fluctuations, defined as, in the environment, is synonymous with the instability of the state. The only doubt is whether the changes are happening regularly or not. However, we can be sure that tomorrow will be different from today and that only for a longer period of time. In this light, the perception of the requests of competent managers of family firms creates difficulties given the constant variable. The reflection will take into account the division of competencies according to Katz at three organizational meetings when establishing the state of VUCA (Katz, 1974).
THE ROLE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN SHAPING THE STRATEGY OF A TOURISM ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Mariupol State University, Horbashevska M. , Kastorska S. ,   Mariupol State University
Published: January 2023

The publication highlights the issues of scientific approaches to corporate social responsibility, which today is considered as a vector of future development of the enterprise. The research provides an overview of the basic standards by which non-financial reporting of organizations is covered. By analyzing the implementation of corporate social responsibility projects in Ukraine and abroad, it was determined that the European experience in implementing social responsibility projects is common among foreign companies and the number of cases is much higher than domestic. A few companies publish information on their own websites, as evidenced by a comparative analysis of web resources as part of the transparency index. The research examines the practices of corporate social responsibility of several domestic enterprises in the field of tourism, which revealed that among tour operators only a few market players will pay attention to social responsibility, at the same time, among hotel chains this practice is more popular and the number of projects is growing dynamically. It is established that corporate social responsibility at tourism enterprises is a necessary component of the overall strategy of enterprise development, as it provides for long-term implementation of projects, taking into account the positions of stakeholders and the principles of sustainable development.
An Assessment of Regional Disparities Evolution in Romania
Authors:   West University оf Timișoara, Romania, Pelin А.
Published: January 2023

This paper studies the level and evolution of regional disparities in Romania over the period 2007-2017. In this respect, we employ two methodologies highly relevant and wellestablished in the literature: (i) the relative distance method and (ii) the cluster analysis. The results of the empirical analysis indicate a major discrepancy between the Bucharest-Ilfov region and all the other seven development regions. During the analysis period, there are no significant changes in the positioning of the regions. Regional disparities were not reduced over the period considered, although there are European and national programs for this matter. Therefore, we conclude that an efficient public sector should consolidate the regional disparities with the EU Cohesion Policy.
THEORIES OF CREATIVITY: AN OVERVIEW AND APPROACHES TO STUDYING THE PHENOMENON OF CREATIVITY
Authors:   Poltava University of Economics and Trade, Shymanovska-Dianych L. , Ishcheikin Tymur ,   Poltava State Agrarian Academy
Published: January 2023

The article demonstrates that over many years of research, scientists have not come to a single definition that fully reveals the concept "creativity". The role that creativity plays in society, as well as in business, science, education, is significant, but has not yet been fully disclosed. A retrospective analysis of foreign studies shows that since the beginning of the last century, numerous attempts have been made to understand the phenomenon creativity, its components, stages of the creative process, functions of both hemispheres of the brain in the creative process, types of thinking. Given the ambiguity of the phenomenon of creativity, the range of points of view on creativity is wide enough. The theories considered in this article convincingly prove the versatility of the phenomenon of creativity. Each of the theories considers a certain aspect of the problem, starting from the value priorities of the researchers, and, despite the fact that in each of them there is a significant layer of discoveries, observations and substantiations, it is impossible to name them comprehensive and comprehensive. Тhe process of studying creativity as a complex phenomenon is a long-term attempt, spanning several decades of research and evidence. Category creativity is so ambiguous and multi-faceted, after many years of research, scientists have not come to a common definition, fully revealing the concept and analysis of foreign research of the problem of creativity allows us to conclude that the phenomenon of interdisciplinary creativity should be viewed in relationship in all its aspects: identity, process, product, and environment