bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRÍTICA DO IMPERIALISMO E DA REFORMA CURRICULAR BRASILEIRA DA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA: EVIDÊNCIA HISTÓRICA DA IMPOSSIBILIDADE DA LUTA PELA EMANCIPAÇÃO DA CLASSE TRABALHADORA DESDE A ESCOLA DO ESTADO
Authors: Neves Rosa Maria Correa das , Piccinini Cláudia Lino
Published: January 2019

A publicação da Base Nacional Comum Curricular que pretende alcançar a educação básica brasileira é parte de reformas contemporâneas que expressam interesses e modo de ação de monopólios brasileiros. Esse evento contribui para desnudar o equívoco teórico e prático que reivindica a escola nacional do Estado burguês como disputável, pela via democrática, numa direção emancipadora da classe trabalhadora, no sentido marxista do termo, ou seja, revolucionária. A investigação específica que fundamenta nossa análise sobre a BNCC iniciou em 2015, com a coleção de posições, através da qual concluímos que seu autor tem sido o Movimento Pela Base, associação de grupos empresariais brasileiros cuja natureza somente pudemos decifrar, recorrendo a análise de Lênin, publicada em 1917, sobre o capitalismo, em sua fase contemporânea - Imperialismo, fase superior do capitalismo.
NOTAS PRELIMINARES SOBRE O CONCEITO DE PROGRESSO EM KARL MARX E FRIEDRICH ENGELS
Authors: Da Costa Neto Pedro Leão
Published: January 2019

O conceito deprogresso ocupou um lugar central no interior do pensamento histórico e filosófico. Após ter desempenhado um papel positivo e privilegiado na reflexão teórica do século XIX, desde o final daquele século e início do século XX, o conceito de progresso passou a ser objeto de diferentes críticas, até ser nas ultimas décadas do século passado totalmente desacreditado pelo pensamento burguês hegemônico. Da mesma maneira, desempenhou um papel relevantena obra de Karl Marx e Friedrich Engelse no interior da tradição marxista, entretanto, a sua sorte não foi muito diferente.O objetivo do presente artigo é tentaridentificar a presença, o significado e a importância do conceito de progresso na reflexão dos fundadores da concepção materialista da história e desta forma contribuir para a sua reavaliação.
PENSAR HISTORICAMENTE: UM LEGADO IMPRESCINDÍVEL DE KARL MARX
Authors: De Oliveira Pinheiro Marcos Cesar
Published: January 2019

No texto aborda-se o legado de Karl Marx para pensar historicamente o mundo, para apontar questionamentos onde muitos só enxergam certezas, partindo do que se pode chamar de uma “nota de leitura” da obra marxiana “O 18 Brumário de Luís Bonaparte”.
Karl Marx
Authors: Marx Eleanor
Published: January 2019

Eleanor Marx, a filha mais nova do grande revolucionário alemão, nos brinda com delicadas recordaÇões do convívio com "Moor".
A relação entre teoria e prática em questão
Authors: Malacarne Marluza Secchin , Della Fonte Sandra Soares , Loureiro Robson , Da Cruz Junior Antonio Fernandes
Published: January 2019

Este artigo procura evidenciar a natureza da relação entre teoria e prática em escritos marxistas e pontuar alguns de seus desdobramentos para o campo da formação e do trabalho docente. Tem como objetivo sugerir caminhos para esclarecer algumas interpretações superficiais presentes na literatura acadêmica e no imaginário comum de boa parte dos docentes da Educação Básica.
 
A INTERNALIZAÇÃO DE SIGNOS COMO INTERMEDIAÇÃO ENTRE A PSICOLOGIA HISTÓRICO-CULTURAL E A PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA
Authors: Martins Lígia Márcia
Published: January 2019

Esse artigo destaca a unidade teórico-metodológica existente entre a psicologia histórico-cultural e a pedagogia histórico-crítica, tomando como elemento central de análise a categoria de mediação. Tal fato justifica-se uma vez que a referida categoria desponta como premissa essencial do método materialista histórico-dialético; e esse método, por sua vez, é fundamento tanto da psicologia histórico-cultural quanto da pedagogia histórico-crítica. Para a consecução do objetivo anunciado, o texto encontra-se organizado em torno de dois temas. O primeiro volta-se à concepção histórico-cultural de psiquismo destacando a internalização de signos como condição para o desenvolvimento deste; o segundo coloca em foco as relações entre internalização de signos e formação de conceitos, tendo em vista a demonstrar que a qualidade dos conceitos em formação na escola é variável interveniente no desenvolvimento psíquico. À guisa de considerações finais, afirma a internalização de signos como elemento central de intermediação entre a psicologia histórico-cultural e a pedagogia histórico-crítica.

Palavras-chave: Psicologia Histórico-Cultural; Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica; Mediação; Internalização de Signos.  

 
PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO CRÍTICA: UM OLHAR PARA AS AÇÕES DO PROFESSOR NO ENSINO DA LINGUAGEM ESCRITA
Authors: Saraiva Mônica De Araújo , Costa-Hübes Terezinha Da Conceição
Published: January 2019

A educação escolar tem revelado grandes inquietações para professores e pesquisadores, entre elas a efetivação de ações na busca de uma educação de qualidade. Dentro desse contexto, direcionamos um olhar específico para o espaço da sala de aula com o objetivo refletir sobre as ações do professor no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem da linguagem escrita envolvendo a produção e a reescrita de textos. Respaldadas nas contribuições da Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, buscamos tecer a análise sobre a atuação dos sujeitos envolvidos e as relações estabelecidas no processo de ensino aprendizagem da escrita.

PALAVRAS CHAVE: Língua Portuguesa;  Ensino;  Alfabetização; Gêneros discursivos.
O CONCEITO DIALÉTICO DE MEDIAÇÃO NA PEDAGOGIA HISTÓRICO-CRÍTICA EM INTERMEDIAÇÃO COM A PSICOLOGIA HISTÓRICO-CULTURAL
Authors: Saviani Dermeval
Published: January 2019

Considerando a centralidade da categoria de “mediação” na concepção dialética, para abordar essa categoria na pedagogia histórico-crítica em intermediação com a psicologia histórico-cultural o artigo começa por caracterizar a lógica dialética a partir de sua formulação por Hegel com a correspondente crítica de Marx e sua reformulação em bases materialistas. Na sequência, para evidenciar o caráter da dialética como expressão do próprio movimento da realidade, é apresentada a controvérsia entre indutivismo e dedutivismo na filosofia da ciência. No segundo momento examina-se o significado da categoria de “mediação” na pedagogia histórico-crítica, cuja intermediação cm a psicologia histórico-cultural é objeto da terceira parte do artigo.
GRAMSCI NO LIMIAR DO SÉCULO XXI
Authors: Molina Rodrigo Sarruge
Published: January 2019

Os principais debatedores do livro foram os pesquisadores da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Edmundo Dias, Dermeval Saviani, José Claudinei Lombardi e Wilson da Silva Santos, da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCAR), Paolo Nosella, da Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Carlos Zacarias de Sena Júnior, da Universidade Federal de Alfenas (Unifal), Leandro de Oliveira Galastri e da Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia (UESB), Lidia Diana Rocha Magalhães.
O SINDICATO DA EDUCAÇÃO SUPERIOR E AS POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS
Authors: Maues Olgaíses Cabal
Published: January 2019

O propósito deste trabalho é apresentar uma análise do papel do ANDES-SN em relação às políticas públicas educacionais. Para tanto, buscou-se, por meio de um levantamento documental, identificar, no período de 1996-2010, o papel que o ANDES-SN vem desempenhando em relação a essas políticas. Os resultados a que se chegou é que o Sindicato tem exercido um papel fundamental nesse processo, mas que esse não tem sido levado em consideração pelos órgãos governamentais. Contudo, o Sindicato tem apresentado suas propostas por meio de publicações, Revista, Cadernos, das pautas de reivindicações das campanhas anuais, além da participação efetiva dos professores sindicalizados em palestras, conferências e seminários.

 
A UNIVERSIDADE BRASILEIRA: UMA ANÁLISE HISTÓRICA DA INSERÇÃO PERIFÉRICA NA ORDEM CAPITALISTA MUNDIAL.
Authors: Da Silva Matheus Castro
Published: January 2019

Este estudo visa entender a condição atual da Universidade brasileira com base no marxismo. Para tanto, a partir da Teoria Marxista da Dependência, consideramos que a Educação Superior só pode ser entendida na relação estabelecida com a estrutura social periférica/dependente em que se insere. Assim sendo, pesquisamos a história da Universidade, levando-se em consideração três momentos: a criação da USP, a primeira Universidade nacional, a Reforma Universitária de 1968, e o REUNI, a Reforma Universitária implementada em 2008. Destarte, compreendemos que, assim como a estrutura societária brasileira aprofundou a sua condição de dependência, a Universidade brasileira se incorpora a essa lógica, ampliando sua heteronomia. 
BUSCANDO GRAMSCI NA OBRA DE BRIAN SIMON
Authors: Bittar Marisa
Published: January 2019

Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre a obra e a trajetória de Brian Simon (1915-2002), o mais importante historiador da educação inglesa. Com foco em sua campanha pela escola secundária única (“comprehensive school”), que começou no final da década de 1940, o objetivo foi buscar a presença (ou não) de princípios gramscianos na sua concepção de educação. Além da coleção em quatro volumes de Studies in the History of Education, da autobiografia, A life in education, e de outros livros do autor, a pesquisa baseou-se em documentos e textos não publicados que se encontram no Arquivo depositário do seu acervo no Instituto de Educação da Universidade Londres. Os resultados confirmaram a presença de Gramsci em artigos, resenhas e cursos de Brian Simon a partir da década de 1970.
Stress and disturbance determine the demographic dynamics of two grass species along a grazing gradient in Southern Mexico
Authors: Martorell Carlos , Martínez‐Ballesté Andrea
Published: January 2019

Chronic anthropogenic disturbance (CAD), characterized by low‐intensity but high frequency, is a major driver of environmental degradation in developing countries. CAD is a mixture of disturbance sensu stricto (DSS), that is, plant biomass removal and stress that reduces biomass production due to changes in environmental conditions. However, we still lack data on the separate effects of both components and their interaction in nature. We analyze the demographic effects of DSS and stress on two grass species in an area heavily affected by livestock raising (a widespread cause of CAD) during the last 500 year. We compared areas exposed to DSS and stress with areas without grazing but that continue experiencing a gradient of stress. Using matrix and integral projection models, we analyzed DSS and stress effects on population growth rates (λ) of two grass species and determined the relative importance of different vital rates and states for the change on λ. Disturbance and stress affected different individuals and processes. For example, changed conditions due to stress increased seedling mortality, but DSS reduced size (growth) of large plants through grazing. CAD had highly nonlinear and species‐specific effects on population size structures, λ and elasticities. Such complex behavior is seemingly due to changes in the components of CAD as it intensified and synergic interactions between disturbance and stress. Given CAD's multivariate nature, these results are not surprising. Nevertheless, grouping this multitude of factors into two broad categories, namely DSS and stress, may prove a useful conceptual tool for analysis.
Molecular evidence of field cancerization initiated by diabetes in colon cancer patients
Authors: Del Puerto‐Nevado Laura , Minguez Pablo , Corton Marta , Solanes‐Casado Sonia , Prieto Isabel , Mas Sebastian , Sanz Ana Belen , Gonzalez‐Alonso Paula , Villaverde Cristina , Portal‐Nuñez Sergio , Aguilera Oscar , Gomez‐Guerrero Carmen , Esbrit Pedro , Vivanco Fernando , Gonzalez Nieves , Ayuso Carmen , Ortiz Alberto , Rojo Federico , Egido Jesus , Alvarez‐Llamas Gloria , Garcia‐Foncillas Jesus ,   the DiabetesCancerConnect Consortium
Published: January 2019

The potential involvement of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a risk factor for colon cancer (CC) has been previously reported. While several clinical studies show a higher incidence of CC and a lower survival rate in diabetics, others report no association. Our own experience indicates that diabetes does not seem to worsen the prognosis once the tumor is present. Despite this controversy, there are no wide‐spectrum molecular studies that delve into the impact of T2DM‐related mechanisms in colon carcinogenesis. Here, we present a transcriptomic and proteomic profiling of paired tumor and normal colon mucosa samples in a cohort of 42 CC patients, 23 of which have T2DM. We used gene set enrichment and network approaches to extract relevant pathways in diabetics, referenced them to current knowledge, and tested them using in vitro techniques. Through our transcriptomics approach, we identified an unexpected overlap of pathways overrepresented in diabetics compared to nondiabetics, in both tumor and normal mucosa, including diabetes‐related metabolic and signaling processes. Proteomic approaches highlighted several cancer‐related signaling routes in diabetics found only in normal mucosa, not in tumors. An integration of the transcriptome and proteome analyses suggested the deregulation of key pathways related to colon carcinogenesis which converged on tumor initiation axis TEAD/YAP‐TAZ as a potential initiator of the process. In vitro studies confirmed upregulation of this pathway in nontumor colon cells under high‐glucose conditions. In conclusion, T2DM associates with deregulation of cancer‐related processes in normal colon mucosa adjacent to tissue which has undergone a malignant transformation. These data support that in diabetic patients, the local microenvironment in normal colon mucosa may be a factor driving field cancerization promoting carcinogenesis. Our results set a new framework to study links between diabetes and colon cancer, including a new role of the TEAD/YAP‐TAZ complex as a potential driver.
Quality‐assured research environments for translational cancer research
Authors: Berns Anton
Published: January 2019

In order to secure high‐quality cancer care for increasing numbers of cancer patients in the upcoming decades, the complete continuum of cancer research and cancer care needs a thorough overhaul, with more emphasis on prevention and early detection, and a greater focus on the development of innovative treatments that are also scrutinised for effectiveness and quality‐of‐life aspects. Therefore, under‐resourced research areas, such as primary prevention, early diagnosis/secondary prevention (Song et al., ; Wild et al., ) and outcomes research (Cavers et al., ), should be given more emphasis, whereas basic, preclinical and clinical cancer research requires more innovation and effective collaboration to develop more effective treatments at an affordable cost. Innovative collaborative research in this translational trajectory requires the participation of well‐resourced and well‐organised institutions that are committed to high scientific and ethical standards. Offering focused funding to distinct segments of this research continuum concomitant with incentives to aspire to high‐quality standards is the most effective route to achieve these goals. Therefore, a rigorous quality assessment system for institutions operating in this research continuum is a high priority.
Optimization of skin dose usingin‐vivoMOSFETdose measurements in bolus/non‐bolus fraction ratio: AVMATand a 3DCRTstudy
Authors: Dias Anabela G. , Pinto Diana F. S. , Borges Maria F. , Pereira Maria H. , Santos João A. M. , Cunha Luís T. , Lencart Joana
Published: January 2019

In‐phantomandin‐vivothree dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) skin doses, measured with and without bolus in a female anthropomorphic phantomRANDOand in patients, were compared against treatment planning system calculated values. A thorough characterization of the metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor measurement system was performed prior to the measurements in phantoms and patients. Patients with clinical indication for postoperative external radiotherapy were selected. Skin dose showed higher values with 3DCRTtechnique compared withVMAT. The increase in skin dose due to the use of bolus was quantified. It was observed that, in the case ofVMAT, the bolus effect on the skin dose was considerable when compared with 3DCRT. From the point of view of treatment time, bolus cost, and positioning reproducibility, the use of bolus in these situations can be optimized.
Metabolic and Structural Skeletal Muscle Health in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus–Related Fatigue: A Multimodal Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: Cheung Sai Man , Keenan Karen , Senn Nicholas , Hutcheon Gayle , Chan Kwokshing , Erwig Lars , Schrepf Andrew , Dospinescu Paula , Gray Stuart , Waiter Gordon , He Jiabao , Basu Neil
Published: January 2019

Objective

To investigate the potential structural and metabolic role of skeletal muscle in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)–related fatigue.

Methods

A case–control, multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study was conducted. Cases were patients with inactive SLE who reported chronic fatigue. Controls were age‐ and sex‐matched healthy members of the general population. Patients were clinically characterized and then underwent a 3T whole‐body MRI scan. Resting and dynamic 31P MRI spectroscopy of the calf muscles was applied, from which phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery halftime, a marker of mitochondrial dysfunction, was computed. In addition, microstructural sequences (T1‐weighted anatomic images, T2 mapping, and diffusion tensor imaging) were acquired. Descriptive statistics evaluated group differences and within‐case physical fatigue correlations were explored.

Results

Of the 37 recruits (mean age 43.8 years, 89.2% female), cases (n = 19) reported higher levels of physical fatigue, pain, depression, and sleep disturbance compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). PCr was greater (P = 0.045) among cases (mean ± SD 33.0 ± 9.0 seconds) compared to controls (mean ± SD 27.1 ± 6.6 seconds). No microstructural group differences were observed. Within cases, physical fatigue did not correlate with PCr (r = –0.28, P = 0.25).

Conclusion

We report preliminary data demonstrating greater skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction among fatigued patients with SLE compared to healthy controls.
Composite learning fuzzy synchronization for incommensurate fractional‐order chaotic systems with time‐varying delays
Authors: Zhou Yan , Liu Heng , Cao Jinde , Li Shenggang
Published: January 2019

This paper presents a composite learning fuzzy control to synchronize two different uncertain incommensurate fractional‐order time‐varying delayed chaotic systems with unknown external disturbances and mismatched parametric uncertainties via the Takagi‐Sugeno fuzzy method. An adaptive controller together with fractional‐order composite learning laws is designed based on both a parallel distributed compensation technology and a fractional Lyapunov criterion. The boundedness of all variables in the closed‐loop system and the Mittag‐Leffler stability of tracking error can be guaranteed. T‐S fuzzy systems are provided to tackle unknown nonlinear functions. The distinctive features of the proposed approach consist in the following: (1) a supervisory control law is designed to compensate the lumped disturbances; (2) both the prediction error and the tracking error are used to estimate the unknown fuzzy system parameters; (3) parameter convergence can be ensured by an interval excitation condition. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated throughout an illustrative example.
Regio‐ und stereoselektive Synthese von funktionalisierten Dihydropyridinen, Pyridinen und 2H‐Pyranen: Heck‐Kupplung an monocyclopropanierten Heterocyclen
Authors: Yedoyan Julietta , Wurzer Nikolai , Klimczak Urszula , Ertl Thomas , Reiser Oliver
Published: January 2019

Eine Palladium‐katalysierte Kupplung zwischen Arylhalogeniden und monocyclopropanierten Pyrrolen bzw. Furanen wurde entwickelt, welche Zugang zu wertvollen sechsgliedrigen N‐ und O‐Heterocyclen gewährt. Schüsselschritt stellt hierbei die selektive Spaltung der nicht aktivierten endocyclischen C‐C‐Bindung des 2‐Heterobicyclo[3.1.0]hexan‐Gerüsts dar. Die entwickelte Methode erlaubt so die Synthese hochfunktionalisierter Piperidine, Pyridine und Pyrane, die mit traditionellen Methoden nur schwer zugänglich sind.
Catalytic Metallopolymers from [2Fe‐2S] Clusters: Artificial Metalloenzymes for Hydrogen Production
Authors: Karayilan Metin , Brezinski William P. , Clary Kayla E. , Lichtenberger Dennis L. , Glass Richard S. , Pyun Jeffrey
Published: January 2019

Reviewed herein is the development of novel polymer‐supported [2Fe‐2S] catalyst systems for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions. [FeFe] hydrogenases are the best known naturally occurring metalloenzymes for hydrogen generation, and small‐molecule, [2Fe‐2S]‐containing mimetics of the active site (H‐cluster) of these metalloenzymes have been synthesized for years. These small [2Fe‐2S] complexes have not yet reached the same capacity as that of enzymes for hydrogen production. Recently, modern polymer chemistry has been utilized to construct an outer coordination sphere around the [2Fe‐2S] clusters to provide site isolation, water solubility, and improved catalytic activity. In this review, the various macromolecular motifs and the catalytic properties of these polymer‐supported [2Fe‐2S] materials are surveyed. The most recent catalysts that incorporate a single [2Fe‐2S] complex, termed single‐site [2Fe‐2S] metallopolymers, exhibit superior activity for H2 production.
Dodecaphenyltetracene
Authors: Xiao Yonglong , Mague Joel T. , Schmehl Russell H. , Haque Farihah M. , Pascal Robert A.
Published: January 2019

Dodecaphenyltetracene (4), the largest perphenylacene yet prepared, was synthesized from known tetraphenylfuran, hexaphenylisobenzofuran, and 1,2,4,5‐tetrabromo‐3,6‐diphenylbenzene in three steps. The X‐ray structure of the deep red, highly luminescent 4 shows it to be a D2‐symmetric molecule with an end‐to‐end twist of 97°. The central acene is encapsulated by the peripheral phenyl substituents, and as a result, the molecule is relatively unreactive and even displays reversible electrochemical oxidation and reduction.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Dihydropyridines, Pyridines, and 2H‐Pyrans: Heck Coupling of Monocyclopropanated Heterocycles
Authors: Yedoyan Julietta , Wurzer Nikolai , Klimczak Urszula , Ertl Thomas , Reiser Oliver
Published: January 2019

A palladium‐catalyzed coupling between aryl halides and monocyclopropanated pyrroles or furans has been developed, leading to valuable six‐membered N‐ and O‐heterocycles. As the key step, a selective cleavage of the non‐activated endocyclic C−C bond of the 2‐heterobicyclo‐[3.1.0]hexane framework is achieved. The developed method offers access to highly functionalized piperidines, pyridines, and pyrans that are challenging to access by traditional methods.
Recyclable biobased materials based on Diels–Alder cycloaddition
Authors: Xu Jianan , Li Zhiying , Wang Bao , Liu Fengya , Liu Yudong , Liu Fengqi
Published: January 2019

Poly(ethylene glycol) diglycidyl ether‐furfurylamine (PGFA) containing pendant furan was synthesized, and a series of crosslinked materials with thermally reversible capacity were synthesized through a furan/maleimide Diels–Alder (DA) reaction between PGFA and bismaleimide (BMI). The kinetics of the PGFA/BMI DA reaction were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The reaction conversion rate, the reaction rate constant, and the energy of the DA reaction at different temperatures were calculated. In addition, the retro Diels–Alder (rDA) reaction was studied via 1H‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, and in situ FTIR. The occurrence of the retro DA reaction has been characterized clearly. Finally, the mechanical properties of the materials were obtained by dynamic mechanical and tensile tests. The storage modulus decreased obviously when the temperature reached over 90 °C, which proved that the materials were thermally reversible at high temperature. By changing the proportion of the crosslinking agent BMI, the best‐performing materials were obtained, and the properties of the materials were basically unchanged after recycling. Thus we have obtained an excellent reusable material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47352.
Effect of carboxyl content on the physicochemical properties and intramolecular water distribution of 6‐carboxyl chitooligomer prepared by laccase‐TEMPO
Authors: Bu Xin , Li Ying , Zhen Xiaoqin , Wang Jing , Zhang Xinli , Bian Nengyuan , Chan Huifang , Liu Kun , Zhang Fangdong , Pei Jicheng
Published: January 2019

6‐carboxyl chitooligomer was prepared by degradation of chitosan with H2O2 followed by catalytic oxidation in the laccase‐2,2,6,6‐Tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) system. The TEMPO was used as a single variable to alter the content of introduced carboxyl groups. The resulting oxidation products were analyzed by ion chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, and 1H low‐field NMR. Moisture absorption‐retention ability, antioxidation, and thermal stability also were characterized. The results showed that the carboxyl content in the molecules increased with increasing TEMPO. With the addition of 8% TEMPO (mass fraction relative to chitooligomers), the carboxyl content and the oxidation degree of the product reached 4.90 mmol/g and 96.53%, respectively. Under these conditions, it also had the highest ABTS radical cation scavenging ability of 85.47% and improved thermal stability. When the amount of TEMPO was reduced to 2%, the oxidation product had a degree of oxidation of ~50% and showed a unique molecular structure and supreme moisture absorption‐retention ability. A higher associated water content was observed inside the molecules where more bound water was locked in the process of moisture absorption. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of 6‐carboxyl chitooligomer were much higher than chitooligomer and oligomeric sodium hyaluronate (HA‐Oligo). © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47509.
A sliding mode control and artificial neural network based MPPT for a direct grid‐connected photovoltaic source
Authors: Touil Sid‐Ahmed , Boudjerda Nasserdine , Boubakir Ahsene , El Khamlichi Drissi Khalil
Published: January 2019

A robust sliding mode controller for a grid‐connected photovoltaic source is proposed in this paper. The objective of the presented control scheme is to force both the output voltage of the photovoltaic PV source and the power factor at the inverter output to follow a certain trajectory reference. The main idea is to apply the robust sliding mode controller directly to the nonlinear state model of the system composed of the PV source and the inverter with its input and output filters. In order to operate the PV system at the maximum power point and to satisfy the environmental factors, such as solar irradiance and temperature, we included a rigorous maximum power point tracker based on an artificial neural network. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed control scheme. In addition, we show that the grid current satisfies the harmonic limits of the IEEE standard for interconnecting distributed energy sources with electric power systems.
Inferring power and dominance from dyadic nonverbal interactions in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Kuschefski Marius , Falter‐Wagner Christine M. , Bente Gary , Vogeley Kai , Georgescu Alexandra Livia
Published: January 2019

Research studies to date have revealed conflicting results with respect to the processing of nonverbal cues from social interactions in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the contribution of two important factors for the perception of dyadic social interactions, namely (a) the movement contingency and (b) the spatial context. To this end, 26 adult participants with ASD and 26 age‐, sex‐, and IQ‐matched typically developed control participants observed animations presenting nonverbal interactions between two human virtual characters enacting power relationships. We manipulated (a) movement contingency by exchanging one of the two original agents with an agent from another dyad and (b) spatial context by changing agents' spatial orientation to a back‐to‐back position. Participants were asked to rate dominance and submissiveness of these agents. Results showed that the movement contingency manipulation affected accuracy and consistency of power perception and that the spatial context manipulation slowed down reaction times comparably in both groups. With regard to group differences, individuals with ASD were found to judge power relationships slower compared to control participants, potentially suggesting a more explicit processing style in ASD. Furthermore, the spatial context manipulation slowed down the reaction times more in the contingent compared to the non‐contingent conditions only in the ASD group. These findings contribute to the ongoing debate whether individuals with ASD have difficulties in understanding nonverbal cues in a dyadic context by suggesting that they do so in more subtle ways than previously investigated. Autism Res 2019, 12: 505–516 © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

This study shows that the ability and speed of judging who is dominant in a social interaction depends on two factors: (a) whether their movements are matched and (b) whether they are facing each other or not. This is similarly the case for participants with and without autism. Interestingly, however, individuals with autism seem to judge generally slower, suggesting a more explicit processing style. The two factors seem to interact, suggesting that nonverbal processing difficulties are subtler than previously thought.
Assess risk of harassment, stalking escalating to violence
Authors: McCarthy Claudine
Published: January 2019

Stalking incidents are on the rise. In fact, stalking of a former partner more often ends in homicide than does stalking of an acquaintance, celebrity, or stranger. And that should trigger concern among higher ed administrators.
Use technology to improve your compliance with regulations, statutes
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: January 2019

Keeping your department and your institution compliant with state and federal statutes and standards is a necessary task, but that doesn't mean it's always easy. It's also not easy to ensure that everyone in your office has undergone proper training. “Part of my job is to verify that everyone's accountable for all required training,” said Cynthia Pugsley, accreditation manager for the University of Central Florida Police Department.
Stitching the art of leadership
Authors: Skipworth Stan
Published: January 2019

Over the last couple of years, my daughter, Crystal, has developed a keen interest in and genuine talent for sewing. Whether she's masterfully operating her sewing machine or crafting something by hand, her ability has blossomed well beyond basic designs.
Adenylation Domains in Nonribosomal Peptide Engineering
Authors: Stanišić Aleksa , Kries Hajo
Published: January 2019

Nonribosomal peptides are a prolific source of bioactive molecules biosynthesized on large, modular assembly line synthetases. Synthetic biologists seek to obtain tailored peptides with tuned or novel bioactivities by engineering modules and domains of these nonribosomal peptide synthetases. The activation step catalyzed by adenylation domains primarily selects which amino acids are incorporated into nonribosomal peptides. Here, we review experimental protocols for probing the adenylation reaction that are applicable in natural product discovery and engineering. Several alternatives to the established pyrophosphate exchange assay will be compared and potential pitfalls pointed out. Binding pocket mutagenesis of adenylation domains has been successfully conducted to adjust substrate preferences. Novel screening methods relying on yeast surface display, for instance, search a larger sequence space for improved mutants and thus allow more substantial changes in peptide structure.
Personalized antiplatelet therapy in patients with coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: A network meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Kheiri Babikir , Abdalla Ahmed , Osman Mohammed , Barbarawi Mahmoud , Zayed Yazan , Haykal Tarek , Chahine Adam , Bachuwa Ghassan , Hassan Mustafa , Bhatt Deepak L.
Published: January 2019

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of genotype‐ and phenotype‐guided intensified antiplatelet therapy compared with conventional therapy in patients undergoing stent implantation.

Background

Although potent P2Y12 receptor inhibitors are recommended for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)‐treated acute coronary syndrome, their usage is limited by a high bleeding risk. Therefore, personalized antiplatelet therapy could provide a valuable foundation for selection of antiplatelet therapy in this population.

Methods

We conducted a Bayesian network meta‐analysis for all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated genotype‐ and/or phenotype‐guided therapy in PCI‐treated coronary artery disease.

Results

Thirteen RCTs were included with a total of 6,845 patients. The results showed no significant differences in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) between the treatment options ((genotype guided vs. standard of care; OR 0.64; 95% CI: 0.38–1.05) and (phenotype vs. standard of care; OR 0.93; 95% CI: 0.54–1.37)). In addition, no significant differences were demonstrated in bleeding events ((genotype guided vs. standard of care; OR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.45–1.25) and (phenotype vs. standard of care; OR 0.90; 95% CI: 0.62–1.39)).

Conclusions

In this mixed treatment meta‐analysis of RCTs, neither genotype‐ nor phenotype‐guided antiplatelet therapy in patients with PCI‐treated coronary artery disease was superior to conventional therapy.
Native kidney BK nephropathy: A case report
Authors: Al Zein Said , Price Hayley , Chen Guoli , Kaur Gurwant
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical Message

BK virus nephropathy (BKN) is uncommonly reported in native kidneys; mostly reported in bone marrow transplant patients. This case report represents an interesting clinical scenario of biopsy‐proven BKN in native kidneys, in the presence of more than one million copies/mL of BK virus in serum.
Ventricular septal rupture following myocardial infarction: A potentially fatal complication
Authors: Saplaouras Athanasios , Sakellaropoulou Antigoni , Mililis Panagiotis , Bazoukis George , Kolokathis Angelos‐Michail , Konstantinidou Eleni , Anagnostou Aikaterini , Panagopoulou Niki , Vlachos Konstantinos , Lakoumentas Ioannis , Sideris Antonios
Published: January 2019

Key Clinical Message

Mechanical complications of acute myocardial infarction include ventricular septal rupture (VSR), free wall rupture, and ischemic mitral regurgitation. Postinfarction VSR is a rare but serious complication of myocardial infarction. VSR has a lower incidence in the era of new reperfusion therapies. However, clinicians should be aware of this potentially fatal complication as the mortality remains extremely high. Early diagnosis and treatment are the cornerstones of achieving a better outcome.
Aryl Boronic Acid Catalysed Dehydrative Substitution of Benzylic Alcohols for C−O Bond Formation
Authors: Estopiñá‐Durán Susana , Donnelly Liam J. , Mclean Euan B. , Hockin Bryony M. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Taylor James E.
Published: January 2019

A combination of pentafluorophenylboronic acid and oxalic acid catalyses the dehydrative substitution of benzylic alcohols with a second alcohol to form new C−O bonds. This method has been applied to the intermolecular substitution of benzylic alcohols to form symmetrical ethers, intramolecular cyclisations of diols to form aryl‐substituted tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran derivatives, and intermolecular crossed‐etherification reactions between two different alcohols. Mechanistic control experiments have identified a potential catalytic intermediate formed between the aryl boronic acid and oxalic acid.
Selective Cre‐mediated gene deletion identifies connexin 43 as the main connexin channel supporting olfactory ensheathing cell networks
Authors: Piantanida Ana Paula , Acosta Luis Ernesto , Brocardo Lucila , Capurro Claudia , Greer Charles A. , Rela Lorena
Published: January 2019

Many functions of glial cells depend on the formation of selective glial networks mediated by gap junctions formed by members of the connexin family. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are specialized glia associated with olfactory sensory neuron axons. Like other glia, they form selective networks, however, the connexins that support OEC connectivity in vivo have not been identified. We used an in vivo mouse model to selectively delete candidate connexin genes with temporal control from OECs and address the physiological consequences. Using this model, we effectively abolished the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) in OECs in both juvenile and adult mice. Cx43‐deleted OECs exhibited features consistent with the loss of gap junctions including reduced membrane conductance, largely reduced sensitivity to the gap junction blocker meclofenamic acid and loss of dye coupling. This indicates that Cx43, a typically astrocytic connexin, is the main connexin forming functional channels in OECs. Despite these changes in functional properties, the deletion of Cx43 deletion did not alter the density of OECs. The strategy used here may prove useful to delete other candidate genes to better understand the functional roles of OECs in vivo.
VASP hits the memory wall: Processors efficiency comparison
Authors: Stegailov Vladimir , Smirnov Grigory , Vecher Vyacheslav
Published: January 2019

First‐principles calculations of electronic structure have been one of the most important classes of supercomputer applications for a long time. In this paper, we consider VASP as a de facto standard tool for density functional theory calculations widely used in materials science, condensed matter research, and other related fields. The choice of hardware for the efficient VASP calculations is not easy because of the large number of processor types available. We use the benchmark metric that is based on the balance of the peak floating point performance and the memory bandwidth. This metric gives us the possibility to compare different types of processors. We consider time‐to‐solution and energy‐to‐solution criteria and compare different Intel, AMD, and ARM 64‐bit CPUs and hybrid CPU‐GPU systems based on Nvidia Tesla P100.
The emerging role of cranial nerves in shaping craniofacial development
Authors: Sudiwala Sonia , Knox Sarah M.
Published: January 2019

Organs and structures of the vertebrate head perform a plethora of tasks including visualization, digestion, vocalization/communication, auditory functions, and respiration in response to neuronal input. This input is primarily derived from afferent and efferent fibers of the cranial nerves (sensory and motor respectively) and efferent fibers of the cervical sympathetic trunk. Despite their essential contribution to the function and integration of processes necessary for survival, how organ innervation is established remains poorly understood. Furthermore, while it has been appreciated for some time that innervation of organs by cranial nerves is regulated in part by secreted factors and cell surface ligands expressed by those organs, whether nerves also regulate the development of facial organs is only beginning to be elucidated. This review will provide an overview of cranial nerve development in relation to the organs they innervate, and outline their known contributions to craniofacial development, thereby providing insight into how nerves may shape the organs they innervate during development. Throughout, the interaction between different cell and tissue types will be highlighted.
Long‐term water balance partitioning explained by physical and ecological characteristics in world river basins
Authors: Mercado‐Bettín Daniel , Salazar Juan F. , Villegas Juan Camilo
Published: January 2019

For decades, scientists have debated the relation between physical attributes and vegetation and the partitioning of rainfall (P) into evaporation (E) and run‐off (R) in basins. Physical and ecological processes explain the long‐term behaviour of E via water or energy limitations. Needed are similar globally applicable frameworks for describing the production of streamflow and its interaction with factors influencing E, to produce long‐term patterns of E–R partitioning. Here, we analyse 131 independent river basins that flow naturally (or with minimum intervention to their flow) in three major world regions (tropical, temperate, and boreal). We relate water balance partitioning to physical and ecological attributes in these basins to show how P partitioning into E and R is significantly related to the amount of forest and Shrub‐Grass‐Savannas cover in tropical and temperate basins and mostly influenced by slope and Shrub‐Grass‐Savannas cover in boreal basins. Our results highlight that in tropical and temperate basins, if not limited by water, partitioning tends to be equally distributed between E and R as forest cover increases. When Shrub‐Grass‐Savannas cover increases, E dominates, indicating water limitations. In boreal basins, the partitioning does not respond to forest cover, potentially due to the effects of snowmelt and geomorphology. According to normalized difference vegetation index observations, the dominance of E is more related to land cover and seasonality than to vegetation activity. Current processes including deforestation in the tropics, forest die‐off in temperate regions, and afforestation in boreal regions can influence other societally important environmental processes, such as the production of river flow regimes.
Charting knowledge co‐production pathways in climate and development
Authors: Harvey Blane , Cochrane Logan , Van Epp Marissa
Published: January 2019

Climate change poses significant global challenges. Solutions require new ways of working, thinking, and acting. Knowledge co‐production is often cited as one of the innovations needed for navigating the complexity of climate change challenges, yet how to best approach co‐production processes remains unclear. In this article, we explore the ways in which climate and development researchers are approaching the co‐production of knowledge and grapple with the extent to which the modalities used are reaching their stated potential. Using a multiple case analysis of six examples of successful co‐production, we outline a spectrum of co‐production approaches and outcomes and examine the drivers and challenges to co‐production in practice. Drawing on the case evidence and literature, we propose a heuristic that maps out this spectrum of aims and approaches to co‐production and that could inform reflections on how those planning co‐production processes envision them in practice.
Unprecedented Dielectric Bistable Switching in a Binuclear HgII Based Hybrid Compound
Authors: Xu Li , Gao Ji‐Xing , Chen Xiao‐Gang , Hua Xiu‐Ni , Wu De‐Hong , Liao Wei‐Qiang
Published: January 2019

Switchable materials have developed greatly, because of their potential applications in many fields, such as data storage and dielectric devices, while the “ON”/“OFF” of the dielectric effect in polycrystalline materials to achieve high contrast is still a great challenge, which gradually become one of the research hotspots in the materials science and electronics. Herein, we report a prominent dielectric switch of (TMCM)2Hg2Cl6 (1, TMCM = trimethylchloromethyl ammonium), with a high phase transition temperature (Tc) of 405.8 K and an extremely high contrast of ca. 14. Such a breakthrough is elucidated from the highly disordered TMCM and the severely deformed of Hg2Cl6 in high temperature phase. By understanding the properties of superior dielectric, a feasible switch mechanism can be constructed to inject new vitality into the field of molecular medium switch.
Determination of 4‐Nitrobenzaldehyde in Water Samples by Combination of Switchable Solvent Based Microextraction and Electrochemical Detection on MWCNTs Modified Electrode
Authors: Ahmar Hamid , Shahvandi Siamak Kiani
Published: January 2019

A novel approach is presented to determine 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde in water samples. The procedure is based on switchable solvent based liquid‐liquid microextraction (SS‐LLME) and then determination by differential pulse voltammetry at multi‐walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode. Dipropylamine, a solvent with switchable polarity, was used as an extraction solvent that can be miscible/immiscible upon the changes of pH of sample solution. Effects of experimental conditions on SS‐LLME were investigated using a one‐factor‐at‐a‐time methodology. Under optimized conditions, a calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 1.0 and 350 μg L−1. Limits of quantification and detection were empirically 1.0 μg L−1 and 0.3 μg L−1, respectively. Intraday and Interday RSDs%, calculated in three concentration levels, were in the range of 6.2–7.8 % confirm the proper precision of the method. Finally, the performance of the method was evaluated successfully in real samples including drinking water, tap water and river water.
Electrosynthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Poly‐o‐phenylenediamine on MWCNT Modified Electrode for Selective Determination of Meldonium
Authors: Güney Sevgi
Published: January 2019

In this study, a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by electrochemical polymerization and used to construct an electrochemical sensor for determination of meldonium (MEL) selectively for the first time. The polymer film was generated by using o‐phenylenediamine (o‐PD) as a monomer on the surface of carboxylic acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modified pencil rod electrode in the presence of MEL as a template. MEL imprinted (MEL‐imp) and non‐imprinted (N‐imp) polymer films and coated electrodes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), profilometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). Voltammetric measurements were carried out in a ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox probe solution for MEL‐imp and N‐imp electrodes in the presence and absence of template molecule. The decrease in peak current of redox probe was linear with the concentration of MEL in the range of 0.1–5 μg/mL and the limit of detection (3 s/b) was found to be 0.066 μg/mL under optimized experimental conditions. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for selective determination of MEL in human urine sample with long term stability and good reproducibility.
Nitrogen‐doped Hollow Co3O4 Nanofibers for both Solid‐state pH Sensing and Improved Non‐enzymatic Glucose Sensing
Authors: Dong Qiuchen , Wang Xudong , Willis William S. , Song Donghui , Huang Yikun , Zhao Jing , Li Baikun , Lei Yu
Published: January 2019

Nitrogen‐doped hollow cobalt oxide nanofibers (Co3O4 NFs) with both glucose catalytic activity and pH sensitivity were fabricated through core‐sheath electrospinning technique, followed by calcination. The as‐developed nitrogen‐doped hollow Co3O4 NFs were thoroughly characterized using various techniques, and then employed to fabricate a dual electrochemical sensor for both pH sensing and glucose sensing. The pH sensitivity of the developed nitrogen‐doped hollow Co3O4 NFs demonstrated a Nernst constant of 12.9–15.9 mV/pH in the pH range of 3.0∼9.0 and 6.8–10.7 mV/pH in the pH range of 9.0∼13.0, respectively. The developed hollow cobalt oxides nanofibers sensor also possesses glucose sensitivity of 87.67 μA mM−1 cm−2, the limit of detection of 0.38 μM (S/N=3), and an acceptable selectivity against several common interferents in non‐enzymatic glucose determination. High accuracy for monitoring glucose in human serum sample was also demonstrated. These features indicate that the as‐synthesized nitrogen‐doped hollow cobalt oxides nanofibers hold great potential in the development of a unique dual sensor for both solid‐state pH sensing and superior non‐enzymatic glucose sensing.