bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural origins and schooling influence on scientific and everyday concepts: The case of border and citizen on the border concepts
Authors: Cubero Mercedes , Contreras Rosario , Cubero Rosario
Published: May 2016

This work assumes the existence of a functional and dialectical relationship between activity settings, modes of discourse and ways of thinking. A research is developed to study the influence of schooling and the cultural origins in concepts formation. The participants were border residents from Brownsville (Texas, United States) and from Matamoros (Tamaulipas, Mexico). They belong to two different educational levels (primary and university education). Participants solved a task on concepts formation related to border and citizen on the border notions. Results showed that the subjects from a basic educational level and the Mexican citizens on the border used the most concrete values of the categories studied. We stand that different learning contexts generate different ways of argumentation and concepts, which are valid both for school activities and for everyday life in one side or other of the border.
Culture, ambivalence, and schismogenesis: Mothering double binds and gendered identities within Cape Verdean and Indian migrant families (Portugal)
Authors: Trovão Susana Salvaterra
Published: May 2016

This article offers a comparative analysis of two ethnographic case studies on double bind interactions within the mother–child relationship. In-depth interviews with, as well as participant observation among Cape Verdean and Indo-Mozambican migrant families settled in Portugal provide insight into the way in which mothering double bind interactions influence the dynamics of change and resistance involved in the gendered identities of their adult sons and daughters. In the analysis, we draw upon Bateson’s dynamical theory about communication, as well as on theories of Psychological Anthropology that reiterate an intersecting dialectic of levels at which ambivalence exists and structures human experience. We argue that confusing or conflicting messages in the mother–child communication are an integral part of a differentiation process ( schismogenesis) structured by socio-cultural contradictions that are yet amplified in a context of migration.
Investigating chronotopes to advance a dialogical theory of collaborative sensemaking
Authors: Ritella Giuseppe , Ligorio M Beatrice
Published: May 2016

The aim of this paper is to highlight the contribution offered by the dialogical approach in understanding the interconnectedness of the situated sensemaking and situation-transcending processes occurring during the collaborative finalization of a product. We propose a dialogical theory of sensemaking based on the concepts of chronotope, voice and artefact mediation, aimed at investigating how multiple space–time frames are interconnected in collaborative sensemaking. We argue that this analysis is complementary to both the semiotic and the institutional analyses of sensemaking, which constitute the basis of our theorizing. To concretely illustrate our proposal for a chronotopic analysis of collaborative sensemaking, we qualitatively discuss an excerpt taken from a meeting of a multidisciplinary professional team working on the finalization of a web platform meant for enterprises.
Using culture to manage the transition into university: Conceptualising the dynamics of withdrawal and engagement
Authors: Märtsin Mariann , Chang Ivan , Obst Patricia
Published: May 2016

This conceptual paper explored the purposes of using culture in the process of coping with stress by looking how first-year undergraduate students used cultural elements and activities to aid their transition into university. Results supported two key conceptualisations of the use of culture. First, results indicated that students used culture either for withdrawal purposes, that is, for escaping from the stressful situation, or for engagement purposes, that is, for actively engaging with the stressful situation. Second, the results suggested three different forms of using culture to engage with stressful situations: mood management, learning and personal interaction. While the results of the study resonate with the distinction between avoidance versus approach-oriented coping strategies that are widely explored in the stress and coping literature, they also suggest that the relationship between withdrawal and engagement might be dynamic with those two strategies serving distinct purposes in the process of coping with stress. This paper thus suggests that there is a need to develop process-oriented models of coping that would allow identifying patterns in the way people fluctuate between withdrawal and engagement that support and facilitate their personal growth and development.
Europe, transnational curriculum movements and comparative curriculum theorizing
Authors: Yates Lyn
Published: May 2016

This reflective essay on the papers in this special issue of EERJ on Northern European curriculum analysis discusses issues of comparison and scale, and the significance of global and local specificities in curriculum research. Drawing on comparative examples from outside Europe, the essay draws attention to some commonalities of the European positioning from which these analyses begin, in particular the questions about governance, policy process and constructions of citizenship engendered today both by the formation of the EU and by the impact of OECD activities on it. The article argues the need to recognize different types of curriculum analyses and purposes, and particularly the salience of both big picture and closer-up detailed perspectives, and discusses the contribution these articles make to addressing both. It considers further issues about two matters raised by these contributions: the significance of moves to more competency and outcomes-centred curriculum forms, and the usefulness of a focus on constitutional origins as a basis for understanding the citizen-formation curriculum agendas of different nations.
A critical role for the Drosophila dopamine D1-like receptor Dop1R2 at the onset of metamorphosis
Authors: Regna Kimberly , Kurshan Peri T. , Harwood Benjamin N. , Jenkins Adam M. , Lai Chao-Qiang , Muskavitch Marc A.T. , Kopin Alan S. , Draper Isabelle
Published: May 2016

Background

Insect metamorphosis relies on temporal and spatial cues that are precisely controlled. Previous studies in Drosophila have shown that untimely activation of genes that are essential to metamorphosis results in growth defects, developmental delay and death. Multiple factors exist that safeguard these genes against dysregulated expression. The list of identified negative regulators that play such a role in Drosophila development continues to expand.

Results

By using RNAi transgene-induced gene silencing coupled to spatio/temporal assessment, we have unraveled an important role for the Drosophila dopamine 1-like receptor, Dop1R2, in development. We show that Dop1R2 knockdown leads to pre-adult lethality. In adults that escape death, abnormal wing expansion and/or melanization defects occur. Furthermore we show that salivary gland expression of this GPCR during the late larval/prepupal stage is essential for the flies to survive through adulthood. In addition to RNAi-induced effects, treatment of larvae with the high affinity D1-like receptor antagonist flupenthixol, also results in developmental arrest, and in morphological defects comparable to those seen in Dop1R2 RNAi flies. To examine the basis for pupal lethality in Dop1R2 RNAi flies, we carried out transcriptome analysis. These studies revealed up-regulation of genes that respond to ecdysone, regulate morphogenesis and/or modulate defense/immunity.

Conclusion

Taken together our findings suggest a role for Dop1R2 in the repression of genes that coordinate metamorphosis. Premature release of this inhibition is not tolerated by the developing fly.
Disrupted Leptin Signaling in the Lateral Hypothalamus and Ventral Premammillary Nucleus Alters Insulin and Glucagon Secretion and Protects Against Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Denroche Heather C. , Glavas Maria M. , Tudurí Eva , Karunakaran Subashini , Quong Whitney L. , Philippe Marion , Britton Heidi M. , Clee Susanne M. , Kieffer Timothy J.
Published: May 2016

Leptin signaling in the central nervous system, and particularly the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus, is important for regulating energy and glucose homeostasis. However, the roles of extra-arcuate leptin responsive neurons are less defined. In the current study, we generated mice with widespread inactivation of the long leptin receptor isoform in the central nervous system via Synapsin promoter-driven Cre (Leprflox/flox Syn-cre mice). Within the hypothalamus, leptin signaling was disrupted in the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) and ventral premammillary nucleus (PMV) but remained intact in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus and ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, and nucleus of the tractus solitarius. To investigate the role of LHA/PMV neuronal leptin signaling, we examined glucose and energy homeostasis in Leprflox/flox Syn-cre mice and Leprflox/flox littermates under basal and diet-induced obese conditions and tested the role of LHA/PMV neurons in leptin-mediated glucose lowering in streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Leprflox/flox Syn-cre mice did not have altered body weight or blood glucose levels but were hyperinsulinemic and had enhanced glucagon secretion in response to experimental hypoglycemia. Surprisingly, when placed on a high-fat diet, Leprflox/flox Syn-cre mice were protected from weight gain, glucose intolerance, and diet-induced hyperinsulinemia. Peripheral leptin administration lowered blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Leprflox/flox Syn-cre mice as effectively as in Leprflox/flox littermate controls. Collectively these findings suggest that leptin signaling in LHA/PMV neurons is not critical for regulating glucose levels but has an indispensable role in the regulation of insulin and glucagon levels and, may promote the development of diet-induced hyperinsulinemia and weight gain.
The Poetics of Political Failure: Eliot’s Antiliberalism in an American Context
Authors: Malcuit William Q.
Published: May 2016

This article argues for a reconsideration of T. S. Eliot’s early poetry—in particular “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”—as developing out of a particular American poetic tradition, one that replayed and reinforced important tenets of American liberalism and nationalism. Specifically, the most characteristic poetic landscape in Eliot’s early poems (the urban cityscape) develops within a tradition dominated by Walt Whitman, the most significant American urban poet prior to Eliot. Rejecting the notion that Eliot was a disconnected and detached cultural observer so immersed in elite European intellectual traditions that he was blind to the realities of American culture, this article argues that Eliot was drawn to his antiliberal position because of very concrete and practical concerns about poetic craft.
Network science for the identification of novel therapeutic targets in epilepsy
Authors: Scott Rod C.
Published: May 2016

The quality of life of children with epilepsy is a function of seizures and associated cognitive and behavioral comorbidities. Current treatments are not successful at stopping seizures in approximately 30% of patients despite the introduction of multiple new antiepileptic drugs over the last decade. In addition, modification of seizures has only a modest impact on the comorbidities. Therefore, novel approaches to identify therapeutic targets that improve seizures and comorbidities are urgently required. The potential of network science as applied to genetic, local neural network, and global brain data is reviewed. Several examples of possible new therapeutic approaches defined using novel network tools are highlighted. Further study to translate the findings into clinical practice is now required.
Development features of the market of health resort services in Sverdlovsk region
Authors: Оборин Матвей , Oborin Matvey
Published: May 2016

Development of the health resort activities on the territory of Sverdlovsk region - an

important and controversial factor, which is reflected in low rates and current problems of development. They are connected with the development peculiarities of the region, natural

conditions, and availability of federal and regional programs. Necessity for the organization of

health resort activities related to its significant impact on the social and economic situation of

the region.

Sverdlovsk region is an industrial urban area that, apart from the advantages, creates

certain problems for the population. These include health deterioration, increasing of mortality

and morbidity, reducing of natural population growth, deterioration of health, which leads to a

reduction of the rate of economic development. That is why the region needs to organize health

resort activity. Recreational potential of Sverdlovsk region is considered to be healthy, and it is

caused by a boundary position of the region in Europe and Asia, political stability, which

guarantees the security of any type of tourist activity. In addition, the high cultural and historical

heritage of the area determines the long-term development of tourism in general. Nevertheless,

the author of the article notes the presence of a significant number of problems, such as the need

for recreational activities in urban and industrialized territories, but civil and industrial

development area limit the possibility of recreation. Load regulation system on the natural

systems of certain recreation areas is absent, and it causes a significant increasing of load and

violation of the integrity of ecosystems. Low development of transport infrastructure and

insufficient quality of personnel training creates problems for the future development of the

market of heath resort services
Event tourism: Trends in regional development
Authors: Суслова Ирина , Suslova Irina , Морозова Любовь , Morozova Lyubov
Published: May 2016

The article is devoted to event tourism as a promising area of tourist activity. Event

tourism gained wide popularity in the world and is under development in Russia´s regions.

Disclosure of its capacity is associated with understanding of the organization and carrying out

of events of different functional orientation (business, sports, cultural, historical, holiday, etc.),

and also with comprehension of the need to consolidate the joint efforts of all entities involved in

the tourism sector and the countries concerned.

The methodology of research is based on the comparative analytical method that lies in

identifying, analysis and assessment of existing approaches to enhance the prestige and the role

of event tourism in the regions of the country, give it national importance, identify new areas for

development and attract the attention of tourists and the public. The article gives a brief analysis

of outcomes of National Award in the field of event tourism «Russia Event Awards» in 2012–

2015, particularly, increasing the number of nominations, claimed by organizers, the number of

participating regions, the diversity of the projects submitted by individual regions, are observed.

As well as the assessment of directions of use the potential of event tourism Moscow region is

given.

The research results allowed identifying the following inherent to the present stage trend

of regional development of event tourism in the country: growth of interest in its formation and

promotion from the authorities, business structures of the tourism industry and the public; the

desire for a more complete disclosure of existing capacity; the use of inter-regional partnerships

in the development and implementation of the event-related projects; creation of the necessary

material base; active promotion of event products on the market. The authors concluded that the

identified trends in the development of regional event tourism in the Russian Federation have a

positive orientation and provide a basis for predicting the growth of competitiveness in the

domestic market.
Development of the strategic project decisions in the field of rural tourism based on effective business models
Authors: Цыщук Евгений , Tsyshchuk Evgeniy , Цыщук Галина , Tsyshchuk Galina
Published: May 2016

The article discusses the issues associated with developing strategic project decisions in

the field of rural tourism based on effective business models. Business models development of

investment projects in rural tourism is an integral part of investment planning of tourist areas

and development of investment proposals. The structure of the investment proposals at the macro

level consists of investment declaration of a rural settlement, investment passport of a rural

settlement, which includes the list of investment sites and projects, draft agreements with

potential investors. Macro level of investment proposals presented by business plan, feasibility

study or investment project passport. The content of these documents is determined by a business

model that is used to describe the basic principles of design, development and successful project

implementation. The article describes the key elements of a business model, considers a stepwise

development algorithm, and determines interconnection between the content of its key elements

and strategic project decisions for the development of tourist areas of rural settlement. The

authors analyze the main types of business models, most widespread in the Russian Federation:

"Cooperation", "Specialization", "Diversification" and examine the key risks associated with the

implementation and promotion of tourist products. The business model is an effective tool not

only for the formation of a unique value proposition and determination of principles of

construction and development of a successful project, but also for the development of investment

decisions at micro-level that meet the investment policy and socio-economic development

strategies of rural settlement in general.

Within the framework of the development of investment proposals, which are mainly the

result of investment planning of territories, optimum ratio (interconnection) should be defined

between strategic project decisions at macro-level and key elements of the business model of a

particular investment project.
On the formation of caravan tours within the framework of adaptive tourism
Authors: Кунцевич Евгения , Kuntsevich Evgeniya , Морозов Валентин , Morozov Valentin
Published: May 2016

The article discusses the relevance of the development of tourism for people with

disabilities and highlights the issue of potential and relevance of the organization of the caravan

tours as part of adaptive tourism in Russia. The authors point out the positive results of the

development of the tourist destination, and also list the main shortcomings and constraining

factors of realization caravanning in the country. The authors have conducted "pilot" survey

among tourists with special needs and summed it up. The research results demonstrate

perceptivity of development of caravan tours for people with disabilities. But it is a great work

must be done to this kind of trailering became popular. First of all it is necessary to adapt the infrastructure of tourist sites for specific requirements of customer with disabilities (lifts,

handrails, ramps, wide doorways, special sanitary zones for wheelchair users, adapted furniture,

etc.), special attention should be paid to camp organization parking (specialized sanitary

facilities, recreational facilities, catering places, etc.). Development of a socially oriented tourist

destination, where the client could be provided with the convenience and security, as well as the

considerate treatment of staff (hospitality workers, medical and social services and transport

services) during the entire trip, is very important for the organization of tours for people with

special needs.
Impact of staff loyalty on the formation of customer loyalty
Authors: Панова Александра , Panova Alyeksandra , Лустина Татьяна , Lustina Tatyana
Published: May 2016

The article discusses the satisfaction of employees, which affects customer satisfaction

through quality service, which ultimately leads to higher financial results.

Currently, in most cases, attraction of new customers is more expensive than retaining

old ones, therefore the formation of loyalty has become an important task of each organization.

The success of the organization depends not only on customer loyalty, but loyalty of staff and,

moreover, one is connected with other. The employee, loyal to his company always strives to

present the organization with the best hand; he is more involved in the proposed product or

service. Accordingly, the consumer, feeling such commitment and sincerity towards the company

from its employees, receives at least positive feelings from communication, and a maximum more

quickly decides to purchase, and encourages the organization and the employee his friends and,

most importantly, becomes more loyal.

Satisfaction and loyalty of employees are the main factors that affect a customer loyalty

and, consequently, the overall effectiveness of the organization. It starts from the assumption

that the employees have the same characteristics as the customers (satisfaction, involvement,

loyalty), and the company, as in the case with customers, interested in long-term relationships

with them. In this case, employees spread values of the organization in the external environment,

interacting not only with existing customers of the company, but also engaging new customers.
Development of small business in Russia: problems and solutions
Authors: Бокарева Елена , Bokareva Elena , Силаева Анна , Silaeva Anna , Дуборкина Ирина , Duborkina Irina
Published: May 2016

The chosen topic relevance is caused by a fact that in modern realities of economic

development small businesses act as key units of the development of Russia. The small business

enterprises efficiency is determined by several advantages in comparison with larger

enterprises: 1) satisfaction of market requirements with such goods and services that larger

industries do not produce for economic or other reasons; 2) high capital turnover; 3) usage of

innovations.

Small businesses have significant growth potential and flexible market behavior, which

give them the opportunity for survival and development. And with that, in order to fully exploit

this potential, it is necessary to provide access to resources that would allow small businesses in

practice to carry out an active business in the current market conditions.

The economic downturn in 2014, which resulted from both the structural problems of the

Russian economy and a sharp deterioration in the foreign policy situation negatively affected the

financial and credit market, in particular - in the segment of credit and financial support for

small and medium businesses.

The purpose of research - to consider the problems of small business development in

Russia. The article provides an analysis of the current situation of small businesses; it is shown

that the major companies are concentrated in the Central Federal District, which is due to

historical and geographical preconditions. The article outlines the main problems of

development of small business in Russia at the turn of XX-XXI centuries. The authors analyze the

main key areas of public policy in promoting the development of small business and identify

priority measures to overcome the crisis, including in the field of finance and credit support to

small businesses.
Development of youth tourism in Russia
Authors: Коновалова Елена , Konovalova Elena , Косарева Наталья , Kosareva Natalya
Published: May 2016

The article presents basic development directions of youth tourism in Russia. It notes that

youth tourism should take into account the potential of the target audience, and it actualizes the

development of low-budget accommodation facilities. The article considers the development of

hostels in Russia. Since recently this sphere of hospitality has been standardized and therefore

can successfully grow in Russia.

The current economic situation has increased inflation, led to a reduction production and

growth of unemployment in the country. The development of tourism, focused on single-industry

towns, will allow the usage of possibility of cognitive and patriotic tourism. Young people can

get acquainted with history of towns, study the modern way of life and interests of the residents.

At the same time the development of tourism will allow to create additional work places and

expand the hotel business. Youth tours should include a variety of elements - the study of history,

national culture, cuisine and many other things.

Young travelers aspire to active recreation, which is full of events and adventures. This is

determines the need for a special event-related and educational tours. Development of territories

and formation of their brands also play important role. The authors note that abroad

development of territorial brands has long been the natural direction of tourism development,

while in Russia this factor still does not have a significant impact on the development of the

tourism industry. A large number of single-industry towns make it possible to realize their

individual potential in the field of youth tourism.
Set-theoretic mereology
Authors: Hamkins Joel David , Kikuchi Makoto
Published: May 2016

We consider a set-theoretic version of mereology based on the inclusion relation ⊆ and analyze how well it might serve as a foundation of mathematics. After establishing the non-definability of ∈ from ⊆, we identify the natural axioms for ⊆-based mereology, which constitute a finitely axiomatizable, complete, decidable theory. Ultimately, for these reasons, we conclude that this form of set-theoretic mereology cannot by itself serve as a foundation of mathematics. Meanwhile, augmented forms of set-theoretic mereology, such as that obtained by adding the singleton operator, are foundationally robust.
Always Playable: Recombining Routines for Creative Efficiency at Ubisoft Montreal’s Video Game Studio
Authors: Cohendet Patrick S. , Simon Laurent O.
Published: May 2016

This study examines how an organization can redefine its core process when faced with a major crisis of creative efficiency. We analyze the case of the experimentation of the “Always Playable” project at Ubisoft Montreal, a leading video game development studio, where a crisis of creativity triggered an active reconfiguration of routines and their artifacts. To address this crisis, the organization attempted to restore a balance between efficiency and flexibility by modifying the generative relationship among the ostensive aspect, the performative aspect, and artifacts of routines. Our study shows that one way to reach this balance is by deliberately breaking, partitioning, and recombining aspects from different routines.
Is the Sac Waiting to Rupture? Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm
Authors: Phatarpekar Ankur , Phadke Milind , Lanjewar Charan , Kerkar Prafulla
Published: May 2016

Completely asymptomatic sinus of Valsalva aneurysms are rare entities, and there is no consensus regarding their management. We present the case of a patient who underwent atrial septal defect device closure at 5 years of age and was lost to follow-up, then presented 6 years later with unruptured sinus of Valsalva aneurysm and was closely followed. The aneurysm eventually ruptured and was successfully operated on with good outcomes.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL REFORM FOR A SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ECONOMY IN ALBANIA.
Authors: Ndreu Aurora
Published: May 2016

One of the main requirements of the European Union for countries that want to integrate this supra-national body, is the creation of large administrative units, in order to absorb easily and efficiently the funds obtained from pre-accession scheme. Through this reform it is meant to be achieved a good management of allocated funds regarding the socio-economic development of the countries.Given that the old territorial-administrative system that existed until 2014 when was adopted the new reform, had created imbalance between the development of regions and local units, unnecessary high costs merely used for operative expenses and staff salaries, not functioning properly of the local units and above all lack of public services delivery to citizens. As a result it was necessary to undertake a new reform where would be offered a new model of efficient organization.The goal of reform should be the creation of local communities with a strong autonomy, capable of having the necessary capabilities and tools to encourage local development in all its aspects. In connection with the need for undertaking such a reform and its impact on the economy was agreed between political parties and throughout civil society. Problems and disputes between the parties began regarding the modus operandi of the drafting and implementation of the reform. In this paper I will show how the new territorial-administrative reform was drafted and adapted. The problems behind the theoretical drafting and putting it in practice. The impact in the development of the economy.
SOCIAL CHARACTERISTIC OF A CURRENT STATE OF THE VILLAGE
Authors: Bokenchina Laura
Published: May 2016

The author researchers the social sphere consisting of the branches’ set creating various products in the form of non-material and material services which finally provide inquiries of the society in Kazakhstan that comes to be very important and authentic for the current matter of fact for this country. Transformations associated with the transition to the market economy caused a sharp decline in the rural population of life quality. In the context of transformational recession social services in the rural areas for a long time operated on prevailing conditions in the planned economy assets, resulting in the quality of its services significantly decreased.At the same time, the social sphere of urban economy is largely felt the benefits of the economic growth and participation in the reconstruction of this sector and took the largest system of corporation, especially in the status of city-companies within the social responsibility of business and regional agreements of social partnership.
GENDER ASYMMETRY IN A MODERN POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Khamenova Bakytgul
Published: May 2016

In this work (article), the author investigates gender asymmetry in modern Kazakhstan society which has social and psychological, is watered - economic scientific measurement. The scientific data base used in this research is wide and authentic enough and can be divided in three groups: first, the social stereotypes and gender aspects, second, the gender and sex theories, imageology, psychology, international politics, third, the scientific sources, devoted to the gender aspects of global and political processes.
Scotland's approach to sharing intelligence for health and social care
Authors: Wilson Steven , Pearson Robbie , Irvine Stewart
Published: May 2016

The key audit, inspection and training bodies from across Scotland have come together to establish a forum for sharing their collective intelligence on the quality and safety of health and social care. The Sharing Intelligence for Health and Care Group was established in 2015 to provide a proactive and supportive environment for collaboration and intelligence-sharing among the partner organisations. Often the information held by one organisation alone will not cause concern. However, when combined with intelligence from another organisation, this may identify a particular concern that needs investigated further. By accessing and analysing the information and knowledge held by partner organisations, we can gain a better, more-rounded understanding of the risks facing health and care services, and the relative importance of those risks. Armed with this information, we can ensure that the right response is formulated in a way that is proportionate to the risks identified and provides an effective level of assurance.
Recent trends in the pricing of high-cost pharmaceuticals
Authors: Kusel Jeanette , Spoors John
Published: May 2016

The era of high-priced specialty pharmaceuticals is moving towards a pivotal moment. The cascade effect from the number of high-priced pharmaceuticals coming to market both now and in the future is causing payers to experience affordability challenges in an era where economic growth and resource allocation to healthcare is increasingly strained. In the UK, a number of strategies have been employed to deal with high-cost pharmaceuticals, and while ambiguity still remains regarding the application of a ‘value for money’ threshold, developments within NICE such as the Highly Specialised Technology evaluation programme and the transfer of responsibility for the Cancer Drugs Fund is symbolic of the commitment to the principles of cost-effectiveness and the overarching mandate it has in the NHS. Driven by financial necessity, healthcare systems such as the NHS have become better equipped to manage sophisticated and complex pricing arrangements with manufacturers. However, innovative pricing arrangements, such as patient access schemes may not be sufficient to address the affordability challenge, and with next generation therapies such as gene therapy due to market in coming years, more radical pricing solutions may be required.
Growing, not blowing, raspberries
Authors: Francis-Pester Dawn
Published: May 2016

Rich in colour and wonderful to taste, fresh raspberries are both delicious and healthy. Learn how to successfully grow and care for them and many fun ways to eat them.
Responsibility for risk
Authors: Webb Penny
Published: May 2016

When it comes to keeping children safe, it can feel as though you are being pulled in several directions at once, taking into account the views of parents and inspectors.
Young children should garden
Authors: Ward Sue
Published: May 2016

In the first of a series of extracts from The Early Years Gardening Handbook by Sue Ward (Practical Pre-School Books) we set the scene for future green-fingered articles.
The availability of cavity trees along an age gradient in fresh pine forests
Authors: Zawadzka Dorota , Drozdowski Stanisław , Zawadzki Grzegorz , Zawadzki Jerzy
Published: May 2016

Given their importance as a resource for many forest organisms, tree cavities were inventoried in the managed pine forests of north-east Poland, in relation to the: 70â100, 101â130 and >130 year age-classes within the clear-cutting system. The densities at which cavities were present was found to depend on forest age, given that stands 70â100 years old were characterised by an average density of 0.62 trees ha, while forests older than 130 years reported 3.28 trees ha. Stands aged 70â100 years differed from those aged 130+ in having just 0.27 trees ha of cavity trees, as compared with 2.91 trees ha. The total volume of cavity trees in stands up to 100 years old was 0.37 mhaon average, as compared with 5.42 mha in stands over 130 years old. The cavities created by woodpeckers constituted 76% of all of those found, and included 53% excavated by great spotted woodpeckers ( L.) and 23% by black woodpeckers (L.) The proportion of cavities excavated by was highest in the youngest age class of stands. There, cavities made by constituted only 8% of the total, as compared with 31% in the oldest stands. The abundance of cavity trees thus differed along an age gradient, though in any event the availability of cavity trees appears to be too limited to provide for the needs of hole-nesting birds. Forest managers must thus take more account than hitherto of the need to protect cavity trees.â1â1â1â13 â1 3 â1Dendrocopos majorDryocopus martius D. majorD. martius
Inexpensive, serotype-independent protocol for native and bioengineered recombinant adeno-associated virus purification
Authors: Arden Erik , M. Metzger Joseph
Published: May 2016

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a valuable and often used gene therapy vector. With increased demand for highly purified virus comes the need for a standardized purification procedure that is applicable across many serotypes and includes bioengineered viruses. Currently cesium chloride banding or affinity chromatography are the predominate forms of purification. These approaches expose the final purified virus to toxic contaminants or are highly capsid dependent and may require significant optimization to isolate purified AAV. These methods may also limit crude viral lysate processing volume resulting in a significant loss of viral titer. To circumvent these issues, we have developed an AAV purification protocol independent of toxic compounds, supernatant volume and capsid moiety. This purification method standardizes virus purification across native serotype and bioengineered mosaic capsids.
Calculation of the Combined Heat Transfer Coefficient of Hot-face on Cast Iron Cooling Stave Based on Thermal Test
Authors: Li Feng-guang , Zhang Jian-liang , Zuo Hai-bin , Qin Xuan , Qi Cheng-lin
Published: May 2016

Cooling effects of the cast iron cooling stave were tested with a specially designed experimental furnace under the conditions of different temperatures of 800 °C, 900 °C, 1,000 °C and 1,100 °C as well as different cooling water velocities of 0.5 m·s–1, 1.0 m·s–1, 1.5 m·s–1 and 2.0 m·s–1. Furthermore, the combined heat transfer coefficient of hot-face on cast iron cooling stave (α
h−i) was calculated by heat transfer theory based on the thermal test. The calculated α
h−i was then applied in temperature field simulation of cooling stave and the simulation results were compared with the experimental data. The calculation of α
h−i indicates that α
h−i increases rapidly as the furnace temperature increases while it increases a little as the water velocity increases. The comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data shows that the simulation results fit well with the experiment data under different furnace temperatures.
The Meaning of Perichoresis
Authors: Stamatović Slobodan
Published: May 2016

Perichoresis is an old theological concept that is eliciting great interest today, but nevertheless
it is felt there is still not enough clarity about the very meaning of the word, especially about the semantic
connection between the verb περιχωρέω and the noun περιχώρησις. The main goal of this paper is to
shed light precisely on this semantic ground of the notion, and for this purpose we have investigated the
meaning of the verb περιχωρέω showing that there is a good reason for lexicographic division of περιχωρέω
into two separate verbs. Applying the findings of our philological research, we have also expounded the
original patristic conception of perichoresis which, in some important aspects, has appeared to differ from
the approaches dominant in Western theology from the Middle Ages to our own day.
Multiple Religious Orientation
Authors: Diller Jeanine
Published: May 2016

This paper focuses on the question of how one can live out multiple religions at once. I arrive
at and explore eight answers to this question in the form of eight multiple religious orientations that I
argue form a continuum from lighter to more intense forms of participation, i.e., seeking, multiple religious
curiosity, hybrid identity without belonging, open single belonging, single belonging with crossing over,
hybrid identity with belonging, double belonging, and beyond belonging. In the end, this understanding
of religious orientations gives us names and a conceptual order for multiple religious participation which
together may allow us to ask old questions more carefully and ask some new questions, too. It also leaves
us with a wider personal perspective on the field.
Feminist Choices of Early Women Bible
Translators
Authors: Willett Elizabeth Ann Remington
Published: May 2016

Translations by two early women Bible translators, Julia E. Smith (1792-1886) and Helen Barrett
Montgomery (1861-1934), reflect their difference in purpose in attempting the translations as well as their
level of knowledge of translation theory and linguistics. Smith translated merely for personal use in her own
small society; her major concern was faithfulness to what she termed “the literal meaning.” Montgomery, on
the other hand, wrote in consideration of her audience; she wanted to communicate clearly and naturally in
idiomatic terms. Smith was inward-focused, whereas Montgomery was outward-focused.
The Camenae in Cult, History, and Song*
Authors: Hardie Alex
Published: May 2016

This essay aims to redefine the place of the Camenae within the evolution of Roman carmen. It analyses the documented association of the purifying fons Camenarum with the cult of Vesta and by extension with the salvific prayer-carmina of her virgines; and it takes the Camenae from the archaic origins of their cult, with reflections on Etruscan and other territorial interests, to their appearance in the epic laudes of men in the third and second centuries BC. The identification of Camenae and Muses, it is argued, pre-dates Livius Andronicus' “Camena,” and is best understood as a component of the Numa-legend as it emerged towards the end of the fourth century. Pythagorean Muse-cult, reflecting the Muses' traditional interest in civic homonoia (concord) and law-making kings, played a part; and an agent of change was the reformist Appius Claudius Caecus, author of the first attested Roman carmen. The wider context lies in the cultural interplay of Rome, Etruria, and Greek southern Italy in the early and middle Republic.
Why Forgive Carlyle?
Authors: Tamarkin Elisa
Published: May 2016

This essay discusses the troubled relationships, both intellectual and intimate, of nineteenth-century essayist Thomas Carlyle to understand why Ralph Waldo Emerson and other contemporaries decide to forgive him, while despising his ideas. Coming to terms with the intensity of their affection was also to admit that their forgiveness was inappropriate to their principles and beliefs. Thinking through forgiveness as a kind of convexity, or dispersal of focus, the essay asks what it means to object, but love anyway, and what the challenge of forgiving Carlyle says about the logic, and the relevance, of their judgments.
Kokoro Confidential
Authors: Hurley Brian
Published: May 2016

As a graduate student at the University of Chicago in the mid-1950s, Edwin McClellan (1925–2009) translated into English the most famous novel of modern Japan, Kokoro (1914), by Natsume Sōseki. This essay tells the story of how the translation emerged from and appealed to a nascent neoliberal movement that was led by Friedrich Hayek (1899–1992), the Austrian economist who had been McClellan’s dissertation advisor.
Особливості вирощування міцелію грибів Plearotus ostreatus
Authors: Alekseenko O. M. , Polishko T. M , Vinnikov A. I.
Published: May 2016

The direct comparative facts of different options of inoculum production of Plearotus ostreatus:classical, tissue, with the use of «grain», active and fermentative mycelium are presented. The advantages and shortcomings of each method have been shown, that gives the possibility of chosing the most optimum variant for already formed grow conditions. The methods of mycelium production on the grain substrate and also with the use of the active material demand considerable expenditure for the equipment and absolutely sterile conditions that is very difficult to achieve. The improved technological possibilities of mycelium production by a new fermentation way promotes rationalisation and profitability, that cause reduction of product price.
Активність та ізоферментний склад пероксидази клітин Dunaliella salina при сольовому стресі
Authors: Aliyeva D. R. , Babayev H. G. , Azizov I. V.
Published: May 2016

The effect of elevated NaCl concentrations (0.5–4.0 M) on the proline content and activity of free peroxidase in green alga Dunaliella salina have been investigated. It was revealed that the tolerance of the alga to NaCl effect was determined by the functioning of the complex of metabolic reactions including both the necessary stress-induced accumulation of proline and high activity of the free peroxidase. The obtained data demonstrate testify to a deep reorganization of metabolic processes, occurring in alga cells during the adaptation to elevated salinity conditions.
Кореляція між показниками пов'язаної зі здоров’ям якості життя і формою еректильної дисфункції у чоловіків молодого та середнього віку
Authors: Vorobets D. Z. , Horpynchenko I. I. , Vorobets Z. D.
Published: May 2016

The psychogenic erectile dysfunction (ED) does not show strong correlation between domains of questionnaires SF-36 and IIEF. In conditions of ED caused by endothelial dysfunction the domains of general health, physical functioning, bodily pain and vitality strongly correlates with all domains rates of IIEF questionnaire except overall satisfaction. In conditions of erectile dysfunction caused by chronic pelvis pain the rates of IIEF correlate with domains of physical functioning, pain, vitality from SF-36. In conditions of premature ejaculation and ED accompaniment the rates of general health, pain intensity and vitality become worth and correlate with total score of IIEF, rates of sexual desire end intercourse satisfaction.
Стан захворюваності на туберкульоз населення промислового регіону та вдосконалення шляхів її профілактики
Authors: Jeroshkina Т. V. , Shamichkova G. R. , Surkova H. M. , Тkachenko V. V.
Published: May 2016

Dynamics of tuberculosis morbidity of population in industrial region and some ways of perfection of fight against this infection is presented. According tothe data tuberculosis of population in Kirov district of Dnipropetrovsk city, as well as Dnipropetrovsk and its province, stays at epidemic level. Rates of morbidity in our region are integrally above the medium rates over the country. Intentional learning of health manpower and their work conditions improving are recommended for development of prevention system. It’s also necessary to increase accounting of complex program, developed for tuberculosis control in Ukraine.
Закономірності росту фосфатмобілізувальних бактерій у різних типах живильних середовищ
Authors: Lavrentyeva K. V. , Cherevach N. V. , Vinnikov A. I.
Published: May 2016

Regularities of two strains of soil phosphate-mobilizing bacteria growth were investigated in different media. Curve of growth and physiological parameters were defined for Pseudomonas putida and Enterobacter dissolvens. Growth pattern of investigated strains was better in the broth medium than in mineral. In these conditions higher concentration of viable bacterial cells was common for E. dissolvens. It was shown that during cultivation pH of mineral medium went down to 4.4-4.5, but broth medium had constant pH 7.0.
Динаміка Θ-ритму електроенцефалограми при слухо-моторних координаціях із короткими часовими інтервалами у людини
Authors: Morenko A. G.
Published: May 2016

30 healthy right-handed women and men in the age of 17-21 were investigated. The power spectrum density of the electroencephalogram θ-rhythm was detected. It is determined, that the auditory and motorcoordination with intervals in 500 ms and, especially, in 1000 ms in both sex groups were provided by a decrease in the power spectrum density of the electroencephalogram θ-rhythm in comparison with the background.However, reducing the interval between the coordination to 250 ms was characterized by an increase in measured parameters. The males differed by a higher reactivity in the transition to the auditory and motor activity, compared with the females.
Ефекти мелатоніну на когнітивні процеси та стан астроглії у щурів з експериментальним діабетом
Authors: Nedzvetskaya N. V. , Таshevskaya N. I.
Published: May 2016

There was investigated protective effect of chronic melatonin injection on the development of cognitive deficit in rats with streptozotocine induced diabetes. There were observed decrease of astrogliosis and of cognitive deficit in animals that were injected with melatonin. Presented results are evidence that melatonin can prevent the development of cognitive deficit in diabetic animals by decreasing oxidative stress level and astrogliosis inhibition.