bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Germline PMS2 mutation screened by mismatch repair protein immunohistochemistry of colorectal cancer in Japan
Authors: Sugano Kokichi , Nakajima Takeshi , Sekine Shigeki , Taniguchi Hirokazu , Saito Shinya , Takahashi Masahiro , Ushiama Mineko , Sakamoto Hiromi , Yoshida Teruhiko
Published: September 2016

Germline PMS2 gene mutations were detected by RT‐PCR/direct sequencing of total RNA extracted from puromycin‐treated peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification (MLPA) analyses of Japanese patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) fulfilling either the revised Bethesda Guidelines or being an age at disease onset of younger than 70 years, and screened by mismatch repair protein immunohistochemistry of formalin‐fixed paraffin embedded sections. Of the 501 subjects examined, 7 (1.40%) showed the downregulated expression of the PMS2 protein alone and were referred to the genetic counseling clinic. Germline PMS2 mutations were detected in 6 (85.7%), including 3 nonsense and 1 frameshift mutations by RT‐PCR/direct sequencing and 2 genomic deletions by MLPA. No mutations were identified in the other MMR genes (i.e. MSH2, MLH1 and MSH6). The prevalence of the downregulated expression of the PMS2 protein alone was 1.40% among the subjects examined and IHC results predicted the presence of PMS2 germline mutations. RT‐PCR from puromycin‐treated PBL and MLPA may be employed as the first screening step to detect PMS2 mutations without pseudogene interference, followed by the long‐range PCR/nested PCR validation using genomic DNA.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel dasatinib analogues as potent DDR1 and DDR2 kinase inhibitors
Authors: Liu Lu , Hussain Muzammal , Luo Jinfeng , Duan Anna , Chen Chaonan , Tu Zhengchao , Zhang Jiancun
Published: September 2016

Novel dasatinib analogues as DDR1 and DDR2 inhibitors were designed and synthesized. The synthesized compounds were screened for DDR1 and DDR2 kinase inhibitory and cancer cell proliferation inhibitory activities. Some of the compounds showed the potent inhibitory activities against both DDR1 and DDR2, as well as anticancer activity in low nanomolar range against K562 cell line; especially, compound 3j demonstrated significantly better inhibitory potency than the parental dasatinib against both DDRs and also demonstrated the potent inhibitory activity against K562 cell lines (IC50 values of 2.26±0.46 nm for DDR1, 7.04±2.90 nm for DDR2, and 0.125±0.017 nm for K562 cell line).
Mitochondrial trafficking through Rhot1 is involved in the aggregation of germinal granule components during primordial germ cell formation in Xenopus embryos
Authors: Tada Haru , Taira Yuya , Morichika Keisuke , Kinoshita Tsutomu
Published: September 2016

In many animals, the germ plasm is sufficient and necessary for primordial germ cell (PGC) formation. It contains germinal granules and abundant mitochondria (germline‐Mt). However, the role of germline‐Mt in germ cell formation remains poorly understood. In Xenopus, the germ plasm is distributed as many small islands at the vegetal pole, which gradually aggregates to form a single large mass in each of the four vegetal pole cells at the early blastula stage. Polymerized microtubules and the adapter protein kinesin are required for the aggregation of germ plasm. However, it remains unknown whether germline‐Mt trafficking is important for the cytoplasmic transport of germinal granules during germ plasm aggregation. In this study, we focused on the mitochondrial small GTPase protein Rhot1 to inhibit mitochondrial trafficking during the germ plasm aggregation. Expression of Rhot1ΔC, which lacks the C‐terminal mitochondrial transmembrane domain, inhibited the aggregation of germline‐Mt during early development. In Rhot1‐inhibited embryos, germinal granule components did not aggregate during cleavage stages, which reduced the number of PGCs on the genital ridge at tail‐bud stage. These results suggest that mitochondrial trafficking is involved in the aggregation of germinal granule components, which are essential for the formation of PGCs.
Risk stratification for the early diagnosis of borderline personality disorder using psychiatric co‐morbidities
Authors: Shen Cheng‐Che , Hu Li‐Yu , Tsai Shih‐Jen , Yang Albert C. , Chen Pan‐Ming , Hu Ya‐Han
Published: September 2016

Aim

To develop a risk stratification model for the early diagnosis of borderline personality disorder (BPD) using Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective case–control study of 6132 patients (292 BPD patients and 5840 control subjects) who were selected from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Psychiatric co‐morbidities including depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, substance‐use disorder, personality disorders other than BPD, sleep disorder, eating disorder, autistic spectrum disorder, mental retardation and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder, which were diagnosed within 3 years before enrolment, were collected. A logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio of psychiatric co‐morbidities between subjects with and without BPD. The classification and regression tree method was used to generate a risk stratification model.

Results

The odds ratios for depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, substance‐use disorder, personality disorders other than BPD, sleep disorder, eating disorder, mental retardation and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder were greater for BPD patients than for the control subjects. Furthermore, the risk of BPD can be reliably estimated using age and psychiatric co‐morbidities including bipolar disorder, substance‐use disorder and depressive disorder.

Conclusions

Most psychiatric disorders were more common in BPD patients than in the control subjects. Using psychiatric co‐morbidities, we identified four variables as significant risk predictors of BPD and permitted identification of subjects with low, intermediate or high risk for BPD. The accuracy of the risk stratification model is high and can be easily applied in clinical practice.
First record of the papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae), in the Western Palaearctic
Authors: Mendel Z. , Watson G. W. , Protasov A. , Spodek M.
Published: September 2016

The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Pseudococcidae) has been found in Israel for the first time. This is also the first record of this invasive species in the Western Palaearctic region. The mealybug was detected at two locations in Northern Israel and was not accompanied by its principal natural enemies. Paracoccus marginatus is highly polyphagous and may develop large populations in Israel on annona, hibiscus, mulberry, papaya and the invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus.
A New Rapid Method for Measuring the Vertical Head Profile
Authors: Keller Carl
Published: September 2016

This study describes a new technique for measuring the head profile in a geologic formation. The technique provides rapid, low cost information on the depth of water‐producing zones and aquitards in heterogeneous aquifers, yielding estimates of hydraulic heads in each zone while identifying any potential for cross contamination between zones. The measurements can be performed in a typical borehole in just a few hours. The procedure uses both the continuous transmissivity profile obtained by the installation (eversion) of a flexible borehole liner into an open borehole and the subsequent removal (inversion) of the same liner from the borehole. The method is possible because of the continuous transmissivity profile (T profile described by Keller et al. 2014) obtained by measuring the rate of liner eversion under a constant driving head. The hydraulic heads of producing zones are measured using the reverse head profile (RHP) method (patent no. 9,008,971) based on a stepwise inversion of the borehole liner. As each interval of the borehole is uncovered by inversion of the liner, the head beneath the liner is allowed to equilibrate to a steady‐state value. The individual hydraulic heads contributing to each measurement are calculated using the measured transmissivity for each zone. Application of the RHP method to a sedimentary bedrock borehole in New Jersey verified that it reproduced the head distribution obtained the same day in the same borehole instrumented with a multilevel sampling system.
Current Understanding of Structure–Processing–Property Relationships in BaTiO3–Bi(M)O3 Dielectrics
Authors: Beuerlein Michaela A. , Kumar Nitish , Usher Tedi‐Marie , Brown‐Shaklee Harlan James , Raengthon Natthaphon , Reaney Ian M. , Cann David P. , Jones Jacob L. , Brennecka Geoff L.
Published: September 2016

As part of a continued push for high permittivity dielectrics suitable for use at elevated operating temperatures and/or large electric fields, modifications of BaTiO3 with Bi(M)O3, where M represents a net‐trivalent B‐site occupied by one or more species, have received a great deal of recent attention. Materials in this composition family exhibit weakly coupled relaxor behavior that is not only remarkably stable at high temperatures and under large electric fields, but is also quite similar across various identities of M. Moderate levels of Bi content (as much as 50 mol%) appear to be crucial to the stability of the dielectric response. In addition, the presence of significant Bi reduces the processing temperatures required for densification and increases the required oxygen content in processing atmospheres relative to traditional X7R‐type BaTiO3‐based dielectrics. Although detailed understanding of the structure–processing–property relationships in this class of materials is still in its infancy, this article reviews the current state of understanding of the mechanisms underlying the high and stable values of both relative permittivity and resistivity that are characteristic of BaTiO3‐Bi(M)O3 dielectrics as well as the processing challenges and opportunities associated with these materials.
Infection reduces anti‐predator behaviors in house finches
Authors: Adelman James S. , Mayer Corinne , Hawley Dana M.
Published: September 2016

Infectious diseases can cause host mortality through direct or indirect mechanisms, including altered behavior. Diminished anti‐predator behavior is among the most‐studied causes of indirect mortality during infection, particularly for systems in which a parasite's life‐cycle requires transmission from prey to predator. Significantly less work has examined whether directly‐transmitted parasites and pathogens also reduce anti‐predator behaviors. Here we test whether the directly‐transmitted bacterial pathogen, Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), reduces responses to predation‐related stimuli in house finches Haemorhous mexicanus. MG causes conjunctivitis and reduces survival among free‐living finches, but rarely causes mortality in captivity, suggesting a role for indirect mechanisms. Wild‐caught finches were individually housed in captivity and exposed to the following treatments: 1) visual presence of a stuffed, mounted predator (a Cooper's hawk Accipiter cooperii) or control object (a vase or a stuffed, mounted mallard duck Anas platyrhynchos), 2) vocalizations of the same predator and non‐predator, 3) approach of a researcher to enclosures, and 4) simulated predator attack (capture by hand). MG infection reduced anti‐predator responses during visual exposure to a mounted predator and simulated predator attack, even for birds without detectable visual obstruction from conjunctivitis. However, MG infection did not significantly alter responses during human approach or audio playback. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that predation plays a role in MG‐induced mortality in the wild, with reduced locomotion, a common form of sickness behavior for many taxa, as a likely mechanism. Our results therefore suggest that additional research on the role of sickness behaviors in predation could prove illuminating.
Integrating the Analysis of Mental Operations Into Multilevel Models to Validate an Assessment of Higher Education Students’ Competency in Business and Economics
Authors: Brückner Sebastian , Pellegrino James W.
Published: September 2016

The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing indicate that validation of assessments should include analyses of participants’ response processes. However, such analyses typically are conducted only to supplement quantitative field studies with qualitative data, and seldom are such data connected to quantitative data on student or item performance. This paper presents an example of how data from an analysis of mental operations collected using a sociocognitive approach can be quantitatively integrated with other data on student and item performance to validate in part an assessment of higher education students’ competency in business and economics. Evidence of forward reasoning and paraphrasing as mental operations is obtained using the think‐aloud method. As part of the validity argument and to enhance credibility of the findings, the generalized linear models are expressed as multilevel models in which the analyses of response processes are aligned with quantitative findings from large‐scale field studies.
Higher Education Value Added Using Multiple Outcomes
Authors: Milla Joniada , Martín Ernesto San , Van Bellegem Sébastien
Published: September 2016

In this article we develop a methodology for the joint value added analysis of multiple outcomes that takes into account the inherent correlation between them. This is especially crucial in the analysis of higher education institutions. We use a unique Colombian database on universities, which contains scores in five domains tested in a standardized exit examination that is compulsory in order to graduate. We develop a new estimation procedure that accommodates any number of outcomes. Another novelty of our method is related to the structure of the random effect covariance matrix. Effects of the same school can be correlated and this correlation is allowed to vary among schools.
Measurement Advances and Challenges in Competency Assessment in Higher Education
Authors: Zlatkin‐Troitschanskaia Olga , Pant Hans Anand
Published: September 2016

Domain‐specific and generic competencies have become target outcomes of students' learning in higher education, and competency assessment plays an increasingly important role in higher education on an international scale. Recent reviews of the literature show that there is still a substantial lack of research on assessment practices in higher education, especially on measurement models and valid instruments for competency assessment. This special issue provides an overview of current international research and innovative developments in this research area, covering a broad range of assessment perspectives, addressing prevalent shortcomings of educational assessment practices, and presenting novel conceptual and methodological approaches from various fields, including cognitive psychology, educational testing methodology, and psychometrics. This special issue is meant to provide new incentives for enhancing competency assessment, and thus, improving instructional practice and student learning outcomes.
THE EFFECTS OF REGULATORY COMPLIANCE FOR SMALL BANKS AROUND CRISIS‐BASED REGULATION
Authors: Cyree Ken B.
Published: September 2016

In this article I investigate the regulatory burden for small U.S. banks around major crisis‐based regulatory programs using measures of profit, cost, and productivity from 1991 to 2014. After the passage of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Improvement Act, there is little evidence consistent with increased regulatory burden. After the passage of the USA PATRIOT Act, the percentage change in employees was positive, and average pay was higher for small banks. After the passage of the Dodd–Frank Act, five of six regime‐shift indicators were consistent with increased regulatory burden, with lower pretax return on assets, lower loans per employee, lower technology and fixed‐asset expenditures, and higher percentage change in employees and salaries‐to‐assets in panel regressions.
Environmental and behavioural factors associated with school children's sleep in Aotearoa/New Zealand
Authors: Muller Diane , Signal Leigh , Elder Dawn , Gander Philippa
Published: September 2016

Aim

To collect objective and subjective sleep data on 6‐ to 8‐year‐old children across the week and to identify factors within the family environment associated with sleep differences.

Methods

Data were collected (n = 52) using actigraphy and diaries for 7 consecutive days and nights and a questionnaire incorporating the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire was completed by parents.

Results

Children's actigraphic sleep periods averaged 10 h on school nights and 9.5 h on non‐school nights and parents over‐estimated children's sleep compared with actigraphy. One third (37%) of children had potential sleep problems. Children who shared a bedroom (31%) had shorter sleep onset latencies and those who consumed caffeinated drinks (33%) went to sleep and awoke later. Increased screen time was associated with later bedtimes on school nights and children with screens in bedrooms (12%) went to bed later and slept less on school nights, and had higher Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire scores. Children living with a shift‐working adult (27%) slept longer on non‐school nights and had shorter sleep onset latencies on school nights.

Conclusions

It is important to consider children's sleep within the wider family context and to be aware that parents may over‐estimate their children's sleep. Simple strategies to promote sleep health in clinical settings or education programmes include regular weekend bedtimes that align with those on school nights, removing technology from bedrooms and minimising caffeine consumption. An awareness of potential sleep differences associated with shift‐working adults may ensure children are supported to have consistent sleep routines that promote adequate sleep.
Macrophage alterations within the mesenteric lymphatic tissue are associated with impairment of lymphatic pump in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Zawieja Scott D. , Wang Wei , Chakraborty Sanjukta , Zawieja David C. , Muthuchamy Mariappan
Published: September 2016

Objective

The intrinsic lymphatic pump is critical to proper lymph transport and is impaired in models of the MetSyn. Lymphatic contractile inhibition under inflammatory conditions has been linked with elevated NO production by activated myeloid–derived cells. Hence we hypothesized that inhibition of the MLV pump function in MetSyn animals was dependent on NO and was associated with altered macrophage recruitment and polarization within the MLV.

Methods

We used a high fructose‐fed rat model of MetSyn. Macrophage polarization was determined by whole mount immunofluorescence in mesenteric neurovascular bundles based on expression of CD163, CD206, and MHCII. We also utilized isolated vessel isobaric preparations to determine the role for elevated NO production in the inhibition of MLV contractility. Both LECs and LMCs were used to assess the cytokines and chemokines to test how the lymphatic cells response to inflammatory conditions.

Results

Data demonstrated a greater accumulation of M1‐skewed (CD163+MHCII+) macrophages that were observed both within the perivascular adipose tissue and invested along the lymphatic vessels in MetSyn rats when compared to control rats. LECs and LMCs basally express the macrophage maturation polarization cytokines monocyte colony‐stimulating factor and dramatically up regulate the M1 promoting cytokine granulocyte/monocyte colony‐stimulating factor in response to lipopolysaccharide stimulation. MetSyn MLVs exhibited altered phasic contraction frequency. Incubation of MetSyn MLVs with LNAME or Glib had a partial restoration of lymphatic contraction frequency.

Conclusion

The data presented here provide the first evidence for a correlation between alterations in macrophage status and lymphatic dysfunction that is partially mediated by NO and KATP channel in MetSyn rats.
DOCA‐salt hypertension impairs artery function in rat middle cerebral artery and parenchymal arterioles
Authors: Matin Nusrat , Pires Paulo W. , Garver Hannah , Jackson William F. , Dorrance Anne M.
Published: September 2016

Objective

Chronic hypertension induces detrimental changes in the structure and function of surface cerebral arteries. Very little is known about PAs, which perfuse distinct neuronal populations in the cortex and may play a role in cerebrovascular disorders. We investigated the effect of DOCA‐salt induced hypertension on endothelial function and artery structure in PAs and MCAs.

Methods

Uninephrectomized male Sprague–Dawley rats were implanted with a subcutaneous pellet containing DOCA (150 mg/kg b.w.) and drank salt water (1% NaCl and 0.2% KCl) for 4 weeks. Sham rats were uninephrectomized and drank tap water. Vasoreactivity and passive structure in the MCAs and the PAs were assessed by pressure myography.

Results

Both MCAs and PAs from DOCA‐salt rats exhibited impaired endothelium‐dependent dilation (P<.05). In the PAs, addition of NO and COX inhibitors enhanced dilation in DOCA‐salt rats (P<.05), suggesting that dysfunctional NO and COX‐dependent signaling could contribute to impaired endothelium‐mediated dilation. MCAs from DOCA‐salt rats exhibited inward remodeling (P<.05).

Conclusions

Hypertension‐induced MCA remodeling coupled with impaired endothelium‐dependent dilation in both the MCAs and PAs may exacerbate the risk of cerebrovascular accidents and the associated morbidity and mortality.
Novel allelic variants in ACD6 cause hybrid necrosis in local collection of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Świadek Magdalena , Proost Sebastian , Sieh Daniela , Yu Jing , Todesco Marco , Jorzig Christian , Rodriguez Cubillos Andrés Eduardo , Plötner Björn , Nikoloski Zoran , Chae Eunyoung , Giavalisco Patrick , Fischer Axel , Schröder Florian , Kim Sang‐Tae , Weigel Detlef , Laitinen Roosa A. E.
Published: September 2016

Hybrid necrosis is a common type of hybrid incompatibility in plants. This phenomenon is caused by deleterious epistatic interactions, resulting in spontaneous activation of plant defenses associated with leaf necrosis, stunted growth and reduced fertility in hybrids. Specific combinations of alleles of ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 6 (ACD6) have been shown to be a common cause of hybrid necrosis in Arabidopsis thaliana. Increased ACD6 activity confers broad‐spectrum resistance against biotrophic pathogens but reduces biomass production.

We generated 996 crosses among individuals derived from a single collection area around Tübingen (Germany) and screened them for hybrid necrosis. Necrotic hybrids were further investigated by genetic linkage, amiRNA silencing, genomic complementation and metabolic profiling. Restriction site associated DNA (RAD)‐sequencing was used to understand genetic diversity in the collection sites containing necrosis‐inducing alleles.

Novel combinations of ACD6 alleles found in neighbouring stands were found to activate the A. thaliana immune system. In contrast to what we observed in controlled conditions, necrotic hybrids did not show reduced fitness in the field. Metabolic profiling revealed changes associated with the activation of the immune system in ACD6‐dependent hybrid necrosis.

This study expands our current understanding of the active role of ACD6 in mediating trade‐offs between defense responses and growth in A.  thaliana.
Regeneration patterns, environmental filtering and tree species coexistence in a temperate forest
Authors: Lusk Christopher H. , Laughlin Daniel C.
Published: September 2016

Forest ecologists researching the functional basis of tree regeneration patterns and species coexistence often attempt to correlate traits with light‐gradient partitioning. However, an exclusive focus on light can overlook other important drivers of forest dynamics.

We measured light, temperatures, humidity and sapling densities in each of four phases of a forest dynamic mosaic in New Zealand: shaded understoreys, tree‐fall gaps, treefern groves and clearings. We then measured leaf, wood and seed traits, as potential predictors of species’ regeneration patterns.

Saplings of 18 out of 21 species were significantly associated with one or other of the four phases, and associations were best predicted by a two‐trait model (leaf size, wood density) explaining 51% of observed variation. Species associated with treefall gaps had traits favouring light pre‐emption (large leaves, low‐density wood), whereas those establishing in clearings mostly had small leaves and dense wood, traits probably conferring resistance to the frosts and summer water deficits that saplings were exposed to there.

The dynamics of some forests cannot be explained adequately by light‐gradient partitioning through a growth vs shade tolerance tradeoff, underpinned by the leaf economics spectrum. Consideration of multiple environmental filters and multiple traits will enhance understanding of regeneration patterns and species coexistence.
Target oxygen saturation range: 92–96% Versus 94–98%
Authors: Beasley Richard , Chien Jimmy , Douglas James , Eastlake Leonie , Farah Claude , King Gregory , Moore Rosemary , Pilcher Janine , Richards Michael , Smith Sheree , Walters Haydn
Published: September 2016

This scientific letter considers the rationale for the target oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry (SpO2) range of 92–96% for oxygen therapy in adult patients without COPD or other conditions associated with chronic respiratory failure, recommended by the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand, in contrast to the 94–98% target range recommended by the British Thoracic Society. We conclude from the available evidence that the SpO2
target of 92–96% may be preferable to 94–98%.
HLA‐A*68:02:11, a new HLA‐A*68 allele identified during family HLA typing
Authors: Ulrich S. , Posch U. , Helmberg W. , Schlenke P.
Published: September 2016

A*68:02:11 differs from A*68:02:01 by a silent mutation in codon 122.
Continuous CD34+ cell collection by a new device is safe and more efficient than by a standard collection procedure: results of a two‐center, crossover, randomized trial
Authors: Cancelas Jose A. , Scott Edward P. , Bill Jerome R.
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) collected from granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐mobilized donors are routinely used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Most PBSC collections worldwide have used the COBE Spectra (COBE) platform that is being replaced by the Spectra Optia (OPTIA). This study compared the PBSC collection performance and safety of the OPTIA using a single‐step, continuous mononuclear cell (CMNC) collection procedure and the standard COBE MNC procedure.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

A prospective, noninferiority, randomized, open‐label, crossover, multicenter study was conducted in G‐CSF–mobilized donors randomized to undergo MNC collection on Days 5 and 6. The primary endpoint was CD34+ cell collection efficiency (CE1%) with a noninferiority margin of 10%. The secondary endpoint was CD34+ cell CE2%. Product purity and safety were also assessed.

RESULTS

Twenty‐three healthy donors (87% male) participated in the study. Mean (±SD) CD34+ CE1% was 84.4% (±16.4%) and 66.2% (±15.3%) for the OPTIA and COBE, respectively (p < 0.001 for noninferiority and superiority). Mean (±SD) CD34+ CE2% was 62.4 (±11.6) and 48.4 (±11.2) for the OPTIA and COBE, respectively (p < 0.001 for superiority). Granulocyte and platelet (PLT) contamination were lower in OPTIA‐collected products. There were no unexpected adverse events (AEs) and no significant differences in the incidence of AEs between study arms. PLT loss was less with the OPTIA than with the COBE.

CONCLUSION

The OPTIA CMNC collection procedure is safe and effective for the collection of CD34+ cells in G‐CSF–mobilized donors and was superior to the COBE for CE1% and CE2%, collecting approximately 19 and 16% higher, respectively.
Post‐authorization safety study of Clottafact®, a triply secured fibrinogen concentrate in congenital afibrinogenemia. A prospective observational study
Authors: Négrier C. , Rothschild C. , Borg J.‐Y. , Lambert T. , Claeyssens S. , Sanhes L. , Stieltjes N. , Bertrand A. , André M.‐H. , Sié P. , Gruel Y. , Tellier Z.
Published: September 2016

Background and Objectives

A new fibrinogen concentrate Clottafact® was developed according to European guidelines on plasma‐derived products. A post‐authorization safety study was set up in 2009 as part of the risk management plan. This was a non‐interventional, prospective, non‐comparative, multicenter study of the use of fibrinogen concentrate for congenital afibrinogenemia in real‐life medical practice in France.

Materials and Methods

The analysis was descriptive and performed on 3 subgroups: prophylaxis vs. on‐demand treatment, age (<6, <12 and ≥12) and severity of the deficiency.

Results

Fourteen patients [1–78 years] were included in 7 centres and followed for 1 year. Twenty‐one adverse drug reactions (ADRs) classically reported with fibrinogen (pallor, chills, cough, vomiting, headache, urticaria and erythematous rash) were reported in 5 of 14 patients. Two ADRs were serious: an anaphylactic shock and a subclavian venous thrombosis with a favourable outcome without sequelae. In the nine patients under prophylaxis, 365 of 367 infusions were considered as successful (99·5%) and 2 as failures. For the five patients treated on‐demand, the efficacy was rated as excellent for 27 of 48 infusions and good for the 21 others.

Conclusion

This study confirms that the benefit/risk balance for this fibrinogen concentrate is favourable.
Development of an excitatory kisspeptin projection to the oxytocin system in late pregnancy
Authors: Seymour Alexander J. , Scott Victoria , Augustine Rachael A. , Bouwer Gregory T. , Campbell Rebecca E. , Brown Colin H.
Published: September 2016

Key points

Oxytocin release from the posterior pituitary gland stimulates uterine contraction during birth but the central mechanisms that activate oxytocin neurones for birth are not well characterized.

We found that that kisspeptin fibre density around oxytocin neurones increases in late‐pregnant rats.

These kisspeptin fibres originated from hypothalamic periventricular nucleus neurones that upregulated kisspeptin expression in late pregnancy.

Oxytocin neurones were excited by central kisspeptin administration in late‐pregnant rats but not in non‐pregnant rats or early‐ to mid‐pregnant rats.

Our results reveal the emergence of a new excitatory kisspeptin projection to the oxytocin system in late pregnancy that might contribute to oxytocin neurone activation for birth.

The hormone oxytocin promotes uterine contraction during parturition. Oxytocin is synthesized by magnocellular neurones in the hypothalamic supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei and is released into the circulation from the posterior pituitary gland in response to action potential firing. Systemic kisspeptin administration increases oxytocin neurone activity to elevate plasma oxytocin levels. Here, immunohistochemistry revealed that rats on the expected day of parturition (day 21 of gestation) had a higher density of kisspeptin‐positive fibres in the perinuclear zone surrounding the supraoptic nucleus (which provides dense glutamatergic and GABAergic innervation to the supraoptic nucleus) than was evident in non‐pregnant rats. Retrograde tracing showed the kisspeptin projections to the perinuclear zone originated from the hypothalamic periventricular nucleus. Quantitative RT‐PCR showed that kisspeptin receptor mRNA, Kiss1R mRNA, was expressed in the perinuclear zone–supraoptic nucleus and that the relative Kiss1R mRNA expression does not change over the course of pregnancy. Finally, intracerebroventricular administration of kisspeptin increased the firing rate of oxytocin neurones in anaesthetized late‐pregnant rats (days 18–21 of gestation) but not in non‐pregnant rats, or in early‐ or mid‐pregnant rats. Taken together, these results suggest that kisspeptin expression is upregulated in the periventricular nucleus projection to the perinuclear zone of the supraoptic nucleus towards the end of pregnancy. Hence, this input might activate oxytocin neurones during parturition.
La cultura material en las literaturas y culturas iberoamericanas de hoy
Authors: Hoyos Héctor
Published: September 2016

El presente dosier es fruto de la colaboración sostenida de un grupo de estudiosos de la literatura contemporánea, de múltiples nacionalidades y diversas trayectorias académicas, afincados en instituciones de Estados Unidos y Europa occidental. La composición de este grupo, algo azarosa y bastante fructífera, se conviene con su objeto de estudio, que es la globalización y sus efectos sobre la literatura y cultura actuales, principalmente en lengua castellana. El grupo se ha propuesto construir un aparato crítico y bibliográfico de literatura contemporánea en tiempo real. Para ello, desarrolla varias líneas de investigación, pues los autores, de diversas generaciones, se desempeñan dentro del campo literario de múltiples maneras que incluyen, entre otras, la reflexión teórica e historiográfica, la gestión cultural y los estudios de traducción.
Visión panorámica de la representación de objetos en la literatura hispánica reciente
Authors: Luis Mora Vicente
Published: September 2016

En la última literatura hispánica hay varias para posibilidades dirigidas a construir objetos ontológicos. En las actuales narrativa y poesía no es difícil establecer dos categorías de fundación ontológica: las cosas auráticas y las proyectadas, con diferentes significados y consecuencias, que serán discutidas en el texto. 
AGENDAS EN COMPETENCIA PARA ABORDAR LA VIOLENCIA INTRAFAMILIAR: JUSTICIA RESTAURATIVA VS. PUNITIVISMO
Authors: Sánchez-Mejía Astrid Liliana
Published: September 2016

Este estudio examina cómo los actores que promueven agendas de justicia restaurativa y agendas punitivas han competido en la definición de medidas para enfrentar la violencia intrafamiliar en el contexto del Código de Procedimiento Penal de 2004. En los últimos años, las agendas punitivas han ganado en el contexto de las reformas legales. Medidas enfocadas en el control de criminalidad y la sanción penal se han ofrecido como respuesta a la subordinación de la mujer y la violencia contra las mujeres dentro de la familia. Este artículo evalúa algunas de las consecuencias de la expedición de las medidas de control de la criminalidad para enfrentar la violencia intrafamiliar. Presentando datos cuantitativos y cualitativos, concluyo que la eficacia del enfoque punitivo frente a este tipo de violencia es discutible. A pesar de que el encarcelamiento por violencia intrafamiliar ha aumentado, sigue siendo bastante bajo en relación con otros delitos. El enfoque punitivo también puede haber tenido el resultado no deseado de alienar a algunas víctimas del proceso penal y desanimar a otras de cooperar con los fiscales. Estos resultados mixtos indican que los defensores de las mujeres deben tener cuidado con la promoción de estrategias punitivas para hacer frente a la violencia intrafamiliar.
LA LICENCIA AMBIENTAL: ¿INSTRUMENTO DE COMANDO Y CONTROL POR EXCEPCIÓN?
Authors: Sleman Chams Juliette , Velásquez Muñoz Carlos Javier
Published: September 2016

Este artículo analiza la realidad del principal instrumento de comando y control existente en la legislación ambiental colombiana: la licencia ambiental. Desde su primera reglamentación, por cuenta del Decreto 1753 de 1994, ha recibido varias modificaciones que al parecer, a pesar de su importancia, la han convertido en instrumento de utilización excepcional. El artículo profundiza en el alcance de cada una de las modificaciones realizadas, y las justificaciones dadas por el gobierno de turno para establecer si estuvieron fundadas en estrictos avances frente al control de los impactos ambientales o si, por el contrario, hay otros motivos e intereses ajenos a los estrictamente ambientales.
Underpowered and Overworked: Problems With Data Analysis in Motor Learning Studies
Authors: Lohse Keith , Buchanan Taylor , Miller Matthew
Published: September 2016

Appropriate statistical analysis is essential for accurate and reliable research. Statistical practices have an immediate impact on the perceived results of a single study but also remote effects on the dissemination of information among scientists and the cumulative nature of research. To accurately quantify potential problems facing the field of motor learning, we systematically reviewed publications from seven journals over the past 2 years to find experiments that tested the effects of different training conditions on delayed retention and transfer tests (i.e., classic motor learning paradigms). Eighteen studies were included. These studies had small sample sizes (Mdn n/group = 11.00, interquartile range [IQR]= 9.6–15.5), multiple dependent variables (Mdn = 2, IQR = 2–4), and many statistical tests per article (Mdn = 83.5, IQR = 55.8–112.5). The observed effect sizes were large (d = 0.71, IQR = 0.49, 1.11). However, the distribution of effect sizes was biased, t(16) = 3.48, p < .01. These metadata indicate problems with the way motor learning research is conducted (or at least published). We recommend several potential solutions to address these issues: a priori power calculations, prespecified analyses, data sharing, and dissemination of null results. Furthermore, we hope these data will spark serious action from all stakeholders (researchers, editorial boards, and publishers) in the field.
Fundamental Motor Skills Across Childhood: Age, Sex, and Competence Outcomes of Brazilian Children
Authors: Valentini Nadia C. , Logan Samuel W. , Spessato Barbara C. , de Souza Mariele Santayana , Pereira Keila G. , Rudisill Mary E.
Published: September 2016

The objectives of this study were to examine sex and age differences in fundamental motor skills (FMS) and to describe the prevalence of low motor proficiency and mastery competence. The Test of Gross Motor Development—Second Edition was used to assess 2,377 children (3–10 years old) from eight states and 75 schools in Brazil. The results showed that (a) boys are more proficient than girls in the majority of FMS, (b) FMS development begins to plateau at age 7, (c) low motor proficiency is present at age 10 for several FMS, and (d) mastery competence was achieved by only a small number of children. These findings suggest that increased opportunities to engage in physical activity that promotes FMS competence are needed.
High-quality graphene via microwave reduction of solution-exfoliated graphene oxide
Authors: Voiry Damien , Yang Jieun , Kupferberg Jacob , Fullon Raymond , Lee Calvin , Jeong Hu Young , Shin Hyeon Suk , Chhowalla Manish
Published: September 2016

Efficient exfoliation of graphite in solutions to obtain high-quality graphene flakes is desirable for printable electronics, catalysis, energy storage, and composites. Graphite oxide with large lateral dimensions has an exfoliation yield of ~100%, but it has not been possible to completely remove the oxygen functional groups so that the reduced form of graphene oxide (GO; reduced form: rGO) remains a highly disordered material. Here we report a simple, rapid method to reduce GO into pristine graphene using 1- to 2-second pulses of microwaves. The desirable structural properties are translated into mobility values of >1000 square centimeters per volt per second in field-effect transistors with microwave-reduced GO (MW-rGO) as the channel material and into particularly high activity for MW-rGO catalyst support toward oxygen evolution reactions.
First Genome Sequences of Porcine Parvovirus 5 Strains Identified in Polish Pigs
Authors: Fan Jinghui , Cui Jin , Gerber Priscilla F. , Biernacka Kinga , Stadejek Tomasz , Opriessnig Tanja
Published: September 2016

Porcine parvovirus type 5 (PPV5) has been recently identified. Here, we report the genome sequences of five PPV5 strains identified in serum samples from Polish pigs, which represent the first PPV5 sequences recovered from European pigs. The PPV5 strains isolated in Poland are most related to the Chinese strain HN01.
Complete Genome Sequences of Four Enterohemolysin-Positive (
ehxA
) Enterocyte Effacement-Negative Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Strains
Authors: Lorenz Sandra C. , Kotewicz Michael L. , Hoffmann Maria , Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol , Fischer Markus , Kase Julie A.
Published: September 2016

Shiga toxin-producing
Escherichia coli
(STEC) strains are important foodborne pathogens associated with human disease. Most disease-associated STEC strains carry the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE); however, regularly LEE-negative STEC strains are recovered from ill patients. Few reference sequences are available for these isolate types. Here, we report here the complete genome sequences for four LEE-negative STEC strains.
High-Quality Draft Genome Sequences of Two
Xanthomonas
Pathotype Strains Infecting Aroid Plants
Authors: Robène I. , Bolot S. , Pruvost O. , Arlat M. , Noël L. D. , Carrère S. , Jacques M.-A. , Koebnik R. , Gagnevin L.
Published: September 2016

We present here the draft genome sequences of bacterial pathogens of the
Araceae
family,
Xanthomonas axonopodis
pv. dieffenbachiae LMG 695 and
Xanthomonas campestris
pv. syngonii LMG 9055, differing in host range. A comparison between genome sequences will help understand the mechanisms involved in tissue specificity and adaptation to host plants.
Complete Genome Sequence of the
d
-Amino Acid Catabolism Bacterium
Phaeobacter
sp. Strain JL2886, Isolated from Deep Seawater of the South China Sea
Authors: Fu Yingnan , Wang Rui , Zhang Zilian , Jiao Nianzhi
Published: September 2016

Phaeobacter
sp. strain JL2886, isolated from deep seawater of the South China Sea, can catabolize
d
-amino acids. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Phaeobacter
sp. JL2886. It comprises ~4.06 Mbp, with a G+C content of 61.52%. A total of 3,913 protein-coding genes and 10 genes related to
d
-amino acid catabolism were obtained.
Genome Sequence of a Candidate World Health Organization Reference Strain of Zika Virus for Nucleic Acid Testing
Authors: Trösemeier Jan-Hendrik , Musso Didier , Blümel Johannes , Thézé Julien , Pybus Oliver G. , Baylis Sally A.
Published: September 2016

We report here the sequence of a candidate reference strain of Zika virus (ZIKV) developed on behalf of the World Health Organization (WHO). The ZIKV reference strain is intended for use in nucleic acid amplification (NAT)-based assays for the detection and quantification of ZIKV RNA.
Genome Sequence of Aeromonas hydrophila Strain AH-3 (Serotype O34)
Authors: Forn-Cuní Gabriel , Tomás Juan M. , Merino Susana
Published: September 2016

Aeromonas hydrophila
is an emerging pathogen of poikilothermic animals, from fish to mammals, including humans. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of the
A. hydrophila
AH-3 strain, isolated from a fish farm goldfish septicemia outbreak in Spain, with a characterized polar and lateral flagellum glycosylation pattern.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Probiotic Yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus
fragilis
B0399
Authors: Quarella Sara , Lovrovich Paola , Scalabrin Simone , Campedelli Ilenia , Backovic Ana , Gatto Veronica , Cattonaro Federica , Turello Alessandro , Torriani Sandra , Felis Giovanna E.
Published: September 2016

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Kluyveromyces marxianus
fragilis
B0399, the first yeast approved as a probiotic for human consumption not belonging to the genus
Saccharomyces
. The genome is composed of 8 chromosomes, with a total size of 11.44 Mb, including mitochondrial DNA.
Full-Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli K-15KW01, a Uropathogenic E. coli B2 Sequence Type 127 Isolate Harboring a Chromosomally Carried
bla
CTX-M-15
Gene
Authors: Zurfluh Katrin , Tasara Taurai , Stephan Roger
Published: September 2016

We present here the full-genome sequence of
Escherichia coli
K-15KW01, an extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing uropathogenic strain. Assembly and annotation of the draft genome resulted in a 5,154,641-bp chromosome and revealed a chromosomally contained
bla
CTX-M-15
gene embedded at the right-hand extremity of an IS
Ecp1
element in a plasmid-like structure (36,907 bp).
Penetrating cardiac injury: sustaining health by building team resilience in growing civilian violence
Authors: Pol Manjunath Maruti , Prasad K Shiv Krishna , Deo Vishant , Uniyal Madhur
Published: September 2016

Penetrating cardiac injury (PCI) is gradually increasing in developing countries owing to large-scale manufacturing of illegal country-made weapons. These injuries are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Logistically it is difficult to have all organ-based specialists arrive together and attend every critically injured patient round-the-clock in developing countries. It is therefore important for doctors (physicians, surgeons and anaesthetists) to be trained for adequate management of critically injured patients following trauma. We report the approach towards 2 cases of haemodynamically unstable PCI managed by a team of trauma doctors. Time lag (duration between injury and arrival at hospital) and quick horizontal resuscitation are important considerations in the treatment. By not referring these patients to different hospitals the team actually reduced the time lag, and a quick life-saving surgery by trauma surgeons (trained in torso surgery) offered these almost dying patients a chance of survival.
Conscientious refusal in healthcare: the Swedish solution
Authors: Munthe Christian
Published: September 2016

The Swedish solution to the legal handling of professional conscientious refusal in healthcare is described. No legal right to conscientious refusal for any profession or class of professional tasks exists in Sweden, regardless of the religious or moral background of the objection. The background of this can be found in strong convictions about the importance of public service provision and related civic duties, and ideals about rule of law, equality and non-discrimination. Employee's requests to change work tasks are handled on a case-by-case basis within the frames of labour law, ensuring full voluntariness, and also employer's privilege regarding the organisation and direction of work, and duties of public institutions to provide services. Two complicating aspects of this solution related to the inclusion of ‘alternative medical’ service providers in a national health service, and professional insistence on conscientious refusal rights to accept legalised assisted dying are discussed. The latter is found to undermine the pragmatic reasons behind recent attempts by prolife groups to challenge the Swedish solution related to legal abortion in courts.
When doctors are patients: a narrative study of help-seeking behaviour among addicted physicians
Authors: Wistrand Jonatan
Published: September 2016

In recent decades studies based on questionnaires and interviews have concluded that when doctors become ill they face significant barriers to seeking help. Several reasons have been proposed, primarily the notion that doctors' work environment predisposes them to an inappropriate help-seeking behaviour. In this article, the idea of the ill physician as a paradox in a medical drama is examined. Through a text-interpretive and comparative approach to historical illness narratives written by doctors suffering from one specific diagnosis, namely opioid addiction, the complex set of considerations guiding their behaviour as patients are to some extent revealed. The article concludes that, in the identity transition necessary to become a patient, doctors are held back by their professional status and that every step to assist them needs to take shape based on an awareness of the underlying principles of the medical drama. Written illness narratives by doctors, such as those highlighted in this article, might serve as a tool to increase such awareness.