bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sentilan Unsur Budaya dalam Novel Tanah Surga Merah Karya Arafat Nur
Authors: Wulanda Wulanda , Furqan Al
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini berfokus pada unsur budaya yang terdapat dalam novel Tanah Surga Merah karya Arafat Nur. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini memperlihatkan lokalitas unsur budayayang masih sangatkental dan bentuk-bentukbudaya yang bervariasi seperti yang terdeskripsidalamnovel. Novel ini mengisahkan tentang seorang tokoh bernama Murad yang menjadi buronan partai merah tampil sebagai sosok pahlawan untuk melawan ketidakadilan yang disebabkan oleh partai merah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan unsur-unsur budaya khas Aceh yang terdapat dalam novel. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif, yaitu dengan menganalisis kata yang mengandung unsur budaya dari penggalan novel tersebut. Teknik pengumpulan data yaitu dengan membaca keseluruhan isi teks dari novel Tanah Surga Merah dan mencatat bagian data. Selanjutnya, data dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis naratif, sehingga bahasa analisis menjadi lebih menarik dan mudah dipahami. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat beberapa kata yang identik atau menyentil budaya yang biasa melekat pada masyarakat Aceh seperti meunasah, minyak amla, leklap, orang Aceh yang tidak suka baca buku, guna-guna, dan mayam.
Melatih Keterampilan Komunikasi Siswa melalui Model STEAM dalam Materi Teks Prosedur Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Heryati Yeti
Published: July 2024

Keterampilan siswa dalam berkomunikasi dan menyampaikan ide-ide ilmiah perlu ditingkatkan mengingat perkembangan informasi sangat pesat. Siswa yang tidak mengikuti perkembangan teknologi informasi akan tertinggal karena salah satu sumber ilmu pengetahuan saat ini didapatkan melalui teknologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji suatu pendekatan dalam pembelajaran yang mengintegrasikan berbagai disiplin ilmu yaitu Sains, Teknologi, Teknik, Seni, dan Matematika yang berada dalam satu pendekatan pembelajaran yang disebut STEAM untuk keterampilan komunikasi sebagai salah satu keterampilan abad 21. subjek penelitian tersebut  adalah siswa MTs Garut di Jawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode mix dengan status matching, untuk memahami suatu fenomena yang sedang dipelajari. Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan untuk memahami fenomena apa yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran STEAM berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan komunikasi siswa karena model ini dapat membantu mereka menganalisis sebuah teks secara kritis dan mampu merencanakan sebuah kegiatan pameran yang menampilkan proyek hasil karya mereka sendiri.
Pemanfaatan Google Clasroom sebagai Media Penunjang Pembelajaran pada Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Siswa Kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Rogojampi
Authors: Muksa Virgi Riyan , Citraningrum Dina Merdeka , Susetyo Agus Milu , Anggraeni Astri Widyaruli
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan 1) langkah-langkah yang dilakukan guru dalam pemanfaatan Google Classroom sebagai media penunjang pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas X di SMAN 1 Rogojampi, 2) langkah-langkah yang dilakukan siswa dalam pemanfaatan Google Classroom sebagai media penunjang pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas X di SMAN 1 Rogojampi, 3) kelebihan dan kekurangan Google Classroom sebagai media penunjang pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas X di SMAN 1 Rogojampi, 4) kriteria kelayakan Google Classroom sebagai media penunjang pebelajaran pada mata pelajaran bahasa indonesia siswa kelas X di SMAN 1 Rogojampi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa langkah-langkah yang dilakukan guru dalam pemanfaatan Google Classroom sebagai media penunjang pembelajaran pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia siswa kelas X di SMAN 1 Rogojampi meliputi: membuat kelas, membuat lembar kehadiran siswa, menyusun materi, membuat tugas, menyampaikan materi, dan melakukan penelitian. Langkah-langkah yang dilakukan siswa meliputi: bergabung ke dalam kelas, mengikuti pembelajaran, mengakses materi, dan mengerjakan tugas pada google classroom. Kelebihan google classroom: mudah digunakan, mengemat waktu, fleksibel dan hemat biaya. Kekurangan google classroom: membutuhkan panduan pengguna baru, memerlukan jaringan internet yang stabil, dan perangkat yang mendukung dalam pemanfaatanya. Kriteria kelayakan Google Classroom sebagai media pembelajaran meliputi kualitas isi dan tujuan, kualitas instruksional, dan kualitas teknis.
Frasa Verba dan Frasa Preposisi pada Terjemahan Lirik Lagu Viva La Vida Karya Coldplay dalam Penggunaannya untuk Menyampaikan Makna
Authors: Azizah Agnes Ayu Nur , Haryadi Haryadi
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan bentuk frasa verba dan frasa preposisi yang ada dalam terjemahan lirik lagu Viva La Vida  karya Coldplay. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah metode simak dengan teknik dasar sadap dan teknik lanjutannya berupa teknik simak bebas libat cakap (SBLC) teknik catat. Metode dan teknik analisis datanya menggunakan metode agih dengan teknik dasar bagi unsur langsung (BUL) dan teknik lanjutan teknik lesap. Metode dan teknik penyajian datanya menggunakan metode formal dan informal. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa frasa verba yang ada pada terjemahan lirik lagu Viva La Vida karya Coldplay berjumlah tiga frasa verba yakni sering berjudi, merasakan ketakutan dan sudah meninggal. Selanjutnya frasa preposisi yang ada pada terjemahan lirik lagu Viva La Vida  karya Coldplay berjumlah enam frasa, yakni di pagi hari, di mata, di atas, di medan, di pelat dan di tali tipis. Dimana frasa-frasa tersebut menyatakan keteranga waktu dan tempat.
Makna dan Mitos Pernikahan Adat Jawa pada Prosesi Temu manten di Desa Tambakasri: Kajian Semiotika
Authors: Vrianti Yusi Elsa , Rachman Anita Kurnia
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mendeskripsikan makna konotasi pada prosesi temu manten, 2) mendeskripsikan makna denotasi pada prosesi temu manten, 3) mendeskripsikan mitos (pesan) pada prosesi temu manten. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan semiotika Roland Barthes. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada sembilan prosesi yang harus dilakukan pengantin jawa pada prosesi temu manten. Makna denotasinya misalkan pada salah satu prosesi seperti pada prosesi balangan ganthal yaitu prosesi saat mempalai pria dan wanita saling melempar daun sirih. Makna konotasinya mengandung makna bahwa pengantin wanita maupun pria harus bisa saling bekerja sama dalam kehidupan berumah tangga. Tradisi temu manten pada masyarakat Jawa memiliki banyak pesan, secara garis besar pesan yang terkandung adalah pesan-pesan yang baik dan doa baik untuk sang mempelai agar senantiasa dapat hidup rukun dan bahagia selamanya.
Nilai Multikultural dan Kelayakan Isi Cerpen ruangsastra.com Bulan Januari 2023 sebagai Alternatif Bahan Ajar Sastra SMP
Authors: Ramadhani Laili Ayu , Qomariyah U'um
Published: July 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan nilai multikultural dan kelayakan isi dalam cerpen ruangsastra.com bulan Januari 2023 sebagai alternatif bahan ajar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan, yaitu deskriptif kualitatif. Total cerpen yang ada adalah 63 cerpen. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik dokumentasi. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat 10 cerpen di ruangsastra.com bulan Januari yang memuat nilai multikultural. Dari 10 cerpen itu, hanya 9 yang memenuhi kelayakan isi untuk dijadikan sebagai alternatif bahan ajar sastra di SMP. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat digunakan pendidik dalam mengajar Sastra Indonesia di sekolah. Tidak hanya itu, penelitian ini juga bisa digunakan sebagai sebuah sumber referensi dalam pengajaran sastra di SMP yang memuat nilai multikultural.
Tindak Tutur Komisif dalam Dialog Film Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas Karya Eka Kurniawan
Authors: Afriani Salsa Firda , Iriyansah Muhammad Rinzat
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tindak tutur komisif dalam dialog pada film Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas karya Eka Kurniawan dengan mengklasifikasikannya ke dalam lima jenis fungsi tindak tutur komisif. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan teoritis, yaitu kajian pragmatik tindak tutur. Data penelitian ini berupa tuturan yang mengandung tindak tutur komisif, sedangkan sumber datanya yaitu film Seperti Dendam, Rindu Harus Dibayar Tuntas karya Eka Kurniawan. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik simak dan catat dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan teknik analisis Miles & Huberman. Adapun teknik cuplikan (sampling) menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, sedangkan teknik keabsahan data menggunakan teknik triangulasi data. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada tindak tutur komisif penutur harus mempertanggungjawabkan apa yang telah dituturkannya. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan 15 tuturan yang mengandung tindak tutur komisif yang mengikat penutur terhadap tuturannya yang berupa 2 tuturan jenis tindak tutur komisif fungsi berjanji, 6 tuturan fungsi berniat, 2 tuturan fungsi mengancam, 1 tuturan fungsi kesanggupan, dan 4 tuturan fungsi menawarkan. Banyak faktor yang harus diperhatikan dalam berkomunikasi, terutama dalam komunikasi secara verbal atau lisan. Jika tidak mengikuti rambu-rambu, peluang kesalahan persepsi antara penutur dan mitra tutur semakin besar.
Makna Semiotik dalam Film Pasukan Garuda: I Leave My Heart in Lebanon
Authors: Nursalim Misbah Priagung , Permata Syafiqa Ayu
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan makna denotatif, makna konotatif dan mitos melalui kajian semiologi Roland Barthes pada film Pasukan Garuda: I Leave My Heart in Lebanon. Penelitian ini penting dilakukan karena film tersebut menampilkan tanda melalu bahasa yang dapat dikaji secara semiologi melalui dialog antar tokoh. Penulis mengambil beberapa sampel untuk dijadikan bahan penelitian. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu semiologi. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan teknik simak dan teknik catat. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori semiologi oleh Roland Barthes untuk mengkaji makna pada film. Hasilnya, dialog memiliki makna yang tersembunyi di dalamnya. Bentuk denotasi dalam film ini terdapat pada kata diundur, bukan, menunggu, pulang, nikah, berangkat, prajurit, jangan, tenang, nanti, bapak, bangga, peran, jangan, bertahan, sampai, sekarang, mati, perang, rumah, miskin, pemuda, anak-anak, hubungan, khawatir, dan sebentar. Bentuk konotasi dalam film terdapat pada kata prajurit sejati, menjaga perdamaian, berkorban, berhalangan, akhir perang, angkat senjata, pemuda, bumi, sayang, dan sukses. Bentuk mitos terdapat pada kata menjaga perdamaian, berkorban, berhalangan, akhir perang, angkat senjata, kontrol, laporan, garuda, dan meriah.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Keterampilan Menulis Teks Deskripsi Berbasis Media Wakelet: Penguatan Kompetensi Kaidah Bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Yusufien Salsabil Firdaus , Boeriswati Endry , Utami Sintowati Rini
Published: July 2024

Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar keterampilan menulis teks deskripsi siswa kelas VII SMP dengan media Wakelet. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development. Model pengembangan yang digunakan, yaitu ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). Populasi penelitian ini merupakan siswa kelas VII SMP Labschool Jakarta tahun ajaran 2022/2023 yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Pengembangan bahan ajar memuat teknik pengembangan teks, struktur teks, dan kaidah kebahasaan teks deskripsi. Kualitas bahan ajar mendapatkan penilaian dengan kategori sangat baik dari validator dengan nilai rata-rata 94%. Hal ini dibuktikan oleh peningkatan nilai rata-rata antara pretest sebesar 57 dan posttest sebesar 82, yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh penggunaan pengembangan bahan ajar keterampilan menulis teks deskripsi dengan media Wakelet dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar menulis teks deskripsi siswa.
Penggunaan Konjungsi dalam Berita Nasional kompas.com Edisi Sabtu, 20 Mei 2023
Authors: Effendi Rizal , R Syahrul , Afnita Afnita
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan konjungsi dalam berita nasional kompas.com Edisi Sabtu, 20 Mei 2023. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik baca keseluruh isi dan catat kata konjungsi yang ada di dalam berita sehingga data yang diperoleh menjadi konkret. Berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan diperoleh jenis konjungsi yang ditemukan yakni konjungsi dan, tetapi, karena, saat, untuk. Konjungsi dan digunakan untuk menyatukan ide atau pernyataan sejajar, sementara tetapi menyoroti perbedaan atau kontrast antara dua unsur. Konjungsi karena menggambarkan sebab-akibat, menjelaskan alasan atau sebab di balik suatu pernyataan. Kata saat digunakan untuk menunjukkan waktu atau situasi tertentu di mana suatu peristiwa terjadi, dan kata untuk menyatakan tujuan atau maksud dari suatu tindakan. Implikasinya, penggunaan konjungsi memperkaya ekspresi bahasa dan membantu menyampaikan informasi dengan lebih terstruktur, membimbing pembaca melalui alur pikiran yang logis, serta menyampaikan variasi makna dalam kalimat.
Representasi Budaya dalam Novel Siri’ Karya Asmayani Kusrini: Kajian Sosiologi Sastra
Authors: Rahmawati Zenita , Wulandari Yosi
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan representasi budaya dalam novel Siri’ karya Asmayani Kusrini. Penelitian ini menggunakan kajian sosiologi sastra. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode simak dengan teknik baca dan catat. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian  ini menggunakan metode deskriptif. Data akan disampaikan menggunakan   kata-kata yang di dalamnya berisi pemahaman secara rinci dari data yang di dapatkan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat empat jenis budaya Siri’ yaitu 1) Siri’ RipakaSiri’, 2) MappakaSiri’, 3) TeddengSiri’, dan 4) Mate Siri’. Siri’ dalam novel tersebut memiliki hal dominan dalam masing-masing jenisnya untuk mengkritisi budaya Siri’ sebagai harga diri dan rasa malu masyarakat Bugis-Makassar. Budaya tersebut digambarkan menjadi sebuah representasi budaya yang digunakan sebagai konsep kemanusiaan dari Siri’ tersebut menyebabkan timbulnya budaya pada masyarakat Bugis-Makassar sebagai alat pengontrol dalam melaksanakan segala sesuatu
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Two Stay Two Stray Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Peserta Didik SMA
Authors: Ulfa Amalia , Sri Putu Verawati Ni Nyoman , Kosim Kosim
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray (TS-TS) terhadap hasil belajar fisika peserta didik SMA pada materi momentum dam impuls. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMAN 2 Wawo tahun ajaran 2023/2024. Jenis penelitian ini quasi eksperiment dengan desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu nonequivalent kontrol group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X MIPA SMAN 2 Wawo dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan cluster Random Sampling. Terdapat dua sampel yaitu kelas X MIPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen yang diberi perlakuan pembelajaran menggunakan model kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray dan X MIPA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol yang diberi perlakuan pembelajaran konvensional. Data penelitian diambil menggunakan tes pilihan ganda sebanyak 15 soal. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan berupa uji validitas, reliabilitas, taraf kesukaran soal, dan daya beda soal. Teknik analisis data berupa uji homogenitas sampel, normalitas data, uji hipotesis, dan uji N-Gain. Data didapatkan dari hasil pre-test dan post-test bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Two Stay Two Stray terhadap hasil belajar fisika peserta didik SMA.
Synthesis and Characterization of used Oil Bio-Adsorbent Material based on Corn Husk Activated Carbon
Authors: Pelangi Eka Yuwita  , Roihatur Rohmah  , Moh. Mu'id Efendi
Published: July 2024

Used oil waste is classified as hazardous B3 waste that poses a significant environmental threat. To address the hazards posed by used oil waste, synthesizing activated carbon as an adsorbent for used oil is necessary. This research aims to synthesize and characterize activated carbon from corn husk waste as an adsorbent material for used oil. The methods employed in this research include dehydration, carbonization, and activation using HCl and NH4OH. The structure was analyzed using XRD, UV-visible spectrophotometer, and Oswald viscometer, followed by variations in mesh sizes of 60 and 100 and the addition of PEG. Based on the research results, variations in 60 and 100 mesh have nearly identical X-ray diffraction patterns, with values of 2θ at 19.2074° and 23.0729° in the 60mesh variation, and 2θ at 19.1333° and 23.2161°, which are indicative of graphite diffraction patterns as they fall within the ~25° range and match the CIF 9014004 data for phase C Graphite with space group p6/mmm. In UV-Visible spectrophotometer testing, variations of 60 mesh without PEG, 100 mesh without PEG, 60 mesh with PEG, and 100 mesh with PEG showed absorbance values of 2.3, 1.58, 1.394, and 0.966, respectively, and viscosity values of 22.089, 20.089, 21.09, and 19.21 cP. The 100mesh sample with the addition of PEG is the variation that can effectively adsorb used oil.
Linguagem de programação e Física: uso das TICs no ensino de Cinemática
Authors: CARDOSO ELIABE RAFAEL FIGUEIRA , Farias Fabricio De Oliveira
Published: July 2024

Sabemos que a cinemática é um dos conteúdos
trabalhados na educação básica. No estado do
Amazonas, por exemplo, está na proposta pedagógica da
SEMED (2015) para o 9o ano, no eixo “Introdução a
Fís
REPRESENTAÇÃO DO ESPAÇO GEOGRÁFICO ATRAVÉS DA PRODUÇÃO TEATRAL PRUDENTINA
Authors: Carvalho Alex Gonçalves , Silva Saulo Henrique Justiniano
Published: July 2024

A Geografia Cultural tem estudado as representatividades dos grupos sociais por meio da cultura. Deste modo, a produção teatral é uma maneira de representar os fenômenos que acontecem no espaço geográfico. Este trabalho tem como objetivo mostrar a representação social por via do teatro e descrever o alcance do teatro em Presidente Prudente aos bairros periféricos. Assim, no referencial teórico descreveu os conceitos de representatividade social, cultural periférica e o teatro de rua para embasar a realidade apresentada no atual contexto. Dentro do ponto de vista geográfico, apresentou-se uma metodologia fenomenológica. Um estudo de caso foi feito com o Coletivo Galpão da Lua, que é um grupo composto de diversas formas de expressão cultural e com amplo alcance aos bairros periféricos da cidade. A entrevista foi a técnica utilizada para abordagem do Grupo de teatro Garimparisos com seu representante Hannaell Mendes, que contou sobre a sua história com o teatro. Hannaell também falou que a criação dos roteiros pelos próprios participantes do grupo e a dificuldade de manter a produção teatral com investimentos públicos. Por fim, consideramos que é importante a presença do teatro desde a infância em atividades escolares. Assim poderemos aumentar a representação social com o uso do teatro visto que não foram encontradas referências de peças teatrais que falem da cidade de Presidente Prudente.
Microbiome-Gut-Brain Axis: AI Insights
Authors: Amaan Arif , Prekshi Garg , Prachi Srivastava
Published: July 2024

Microbiome-gut-brain axis represents a complex, bidirectional communication network connecting the gastrointestinal tract and its microbial populations with the central nervous system (CNS). This complex system is important for maintaining physiological homeostasis and has significant implications for mental health. The human gut has trillions of microorganisms, collectively termed gut microbiota, which play important roles in digestion, immune function, and production of various metabolites. Some current research shows that these microorganisms strongly influence the brain function and behaviour of individuals, forming the basis of the microbiome-gut-brain axis. The communication between gut microbiota and the brain occurs via multiple pathways: neural pathway (e.g., vagus nerve), endocrine pathway (e.g., hormone production), immune pathway (e.g., inflammation modulation), and metabolic pathway (e.g., production of short-chain fatty acids). Dysbiosis, or imbalance of gut microbiota, has been linked to mental health disorders such as anxiety, depression, multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorders, etc, offering new perspectives on their etiology and potential therapeutic interventions. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a powerful tool in interpreting the complexities of the microbiome-gut-brain axis. AI techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, enable the integration and analysis of large, multifaceted datasets, uncovering patterns and correlations that can be avoided by traditional methods. These techniques enable predictive modeling, biomarker discovery, and understanding of underlying biological mechanisms, enhancing research efficiency and covering ways for personalized therapeutic approaches. The application of AI in microbiome research has provided valuable insights into mental health conditions. AI models have identified specific gut bacteria linked to disease, offered predictive models, and discovered distinct microbiome signatures associated with specific diseases. Integrating AI with microbiome research holds promise for revolutionizing mental health care, offering new diagnostic tools and targeted therapies. Challenges remain, but the potential benefits of AI-driven insights into microbiome-gut-brain interactions are immense and offer hope for innovative treatments and preventative measures to improve mental health outcomes.
D. H. Lawrence and Shyness
Authors: Martin Kirsty
Published: July 2024

Abstract: D. H. Lawrence is not usually viewed as a writer who was much concerned with, or sympathetic to, shyness. But shyness is structurally crucial to his exploration of emotion. His work echoes then-contemporary models for understanding shyness—from William James’s “tender-mindedness” to Jung’s “introversion,” to the physiologist Angelo Mosso’s idea of the “inner blush.” Lawrence, suggesting the cognitive richness implicit in shyness, emphasizes the insights it offers into emotion, selfhood, and embodiment, even while he indicates that it might be too painful a state to be borne indefinitely. Although his own personal shyness became a quality that he had to discard as a writer, his work captures what it is to be at once invested in shyness and attempting to move beyond it.
Elizabeth Bowen’s Queer Heart
Authors: Bennett Andrew , Royle Nicholas
Published: July 2024

Abstract: An experiment in what Elizabeth Bowen calls “creative criticism,” this co-written fictional dialogue explores the figure of the heart in Bowen’s work. Special attention is given to The Death of the Heart and to the short story “A Queer Heart,” both first published in 1938. Drawing on correspondences with the fiction of Sheridan Le Fanu and E.M. Forster, the poetry of W.B. Yeats, and the philosophical thinking of Maurice Blanchot, Jacques Derrida, and Jean-Luc Nancy, we dramatize an understanding of the value and importance of Bowen’s work in embodying a new and singular modernist conception of the heart as other .
True Feints: Samuel Beckett and the Sincerity of Loneliness
Authors: de Villiers Rick
Published: July 2024

Abstract: If Company —with all its evasions and cancelled invitations—is a work of unprecedented unguardedness within the Beckett canon, then a special case may be made for its sincerity: that it resides in the novella’s very gambits, decoys and “true feints.” To arrive at such sincerity, Beckett may be read as the modernist novelist of voice—of a confessional voice that exposes its speaker without the buffetings character, plot, or self-dramatization. Such deprivations are, paradoxically, the product of a poetics of interiority and the practice of exagoreusis, a confessional mode in which a penitent verbalizes his thoughts without recourse to thematizing arrangement. Company’s sincere loneliness is therefore not found in any “congruence between avowal and actual feeling,” as Lionel Trilling’s seminal definition goes. Rather, it emerges as something inferential: that which remains when the impossibility of company is subtracted from a desire for it.
Staging the Surface: James Joyce’s Theater for Theorization in “Circe”
Authors: Franco Katherine
Published: July 2024

Abstract: James Joyce’s “Circe” episode in Ulysses , by way of its closet drama form, raises questions at the center of ongoing debates on reading practice and method. Joyce uses the closet drama genre, whose name and tradition call attention to depth and concealment, to examine the relationship between surfaces and depths. Instances of free indirect discourse and interior monologue within the “Circe” episode’s stage directions renegotiate reader receptivity and accessibility. Ultimately, “Circe” is not only a consideration of surfaces and depths but also the relationship between action and contemplation. Honoring the closet drama’s historical function as pedagogical and philosophical apparatus, “Circe” is an opportunity to evaluate the relationship between theory and practice in literary studies.
Elizabeth Bowen’s Critical “Scrap Screen”
Authors: Gilman Danielle N.
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Elizabeth Bowen’s Collected Impressions (1950), out of print since soon after its initial appearance, has been wrongly disregarded by Bowen’s readers and critics. The volume, comprising over fifty pieces of criticism, models Bowen’s distinctive critical process—a process that is characterized by self-reflection, by deliberate and artful arrangement of her essays, and by her strategic revisionary return to a decade’s worth of her nonfiction. Archival research at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin reveals that Bowen develops a “scrap screen” approach to writing criticism in an effort to make of her literary impressions something permanent. Besides re-envisioning nostalgia as part of her critical process, Bowen composes a text that serves as a unifying record of her development as a literary critic, despite her self-doubt regarding her legacy as a critic.
A Governance Perspective on Development Issues (The Presidential Address)
Authors: Sarfraz Khan Qureshi
Published: July 2024

It is with great pleasure that I welcome you to the 15th Annual General Meeting of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists. I have had the proud privilege of being associated with this Society since its inception, initially as its Founding Secretary and member and later as its President. I have watched it flourish and helped ensure that it grows from strength to strength. In this, the last meeting of the Society with me as its President, I am really cheered by the presence of so many colleagues here, particularly as we know that we live in troubled times. But I can assure you of a frank and open discussion of the key development issues of the day. Economic growth and poverty reduction are difficult to achieve in the best of times. With decaying institutions and poor governance, these goals become an impossible dream. That is why the theme of this year’s annual meeting is “Governance, Institutional Reform, and Economic Growth”. I hope that the papers being presented and the discussions on or around this theme during these four days will indicate the way forward from the current morass. I shall not bore you with the details of the economy’s deplorable condition—most of you are familiar with them. Its deterioration is best judged by the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG) ratings for Pakistan, which are computed by weighting three elements—corruption, rule of law, and bureaucratic quality. These ratings for Pakistan in 1998 are three times what they were in 1982. This means that on a relative scale, things in Pakistan are three times as bad in 1998 as the 1982 levels.
Pakistan’s Debt Problem: Its Changing Nature and Growing Gravity (The Distinguishedl Lecture)
Authors: Parvez Hasan
Published: July 2024

It has been evident for some time that Pakistan’s debt burden is extremely onerous. The danger of external debt default first emerged in 1996 towards the end of the second Benazir government. Following the nuclear explosions by first India and then Pakistan and the subsequent imposition of economic sanctions by the Western countries in mid-1998, Pakistan froze the foreign currency deposits, a major source of balance of payments financing in recent years, and went into a technical default on external debt. Following a fresh agreement with the IMF in January 1999, Paris and London Clubs provided substantial debt relief in the form of rescheduling of debt payments due in 1998-99, 1999-2000 and the first half of 2000-1. Despite debt relief, the burden of external debt remains extremely heavy and the danger of default has not disappeared. In any case, the access to international financial markets has been greatly curtailed, if not eliminated, especially because The Paris Club has applied the ‘comparability of treatment’ to claims of private sector investors. On the domestic side, the heavy burden of servicing public debt has made the much needed fiscal adjustment both difficult and disorderly. The rise in interest payments from 2.2 percent of GDP in 1979-80 to 4.9 percent in 1988-89 and to the peak of 7.3 percent in 1998-99 made reductions in fiscal deficit hard to achieve. As interest payments now account for over 45 percent of government revenues, the fiscal deficit reduction has come mainly at the cost of development spending. Clearly the debt overhang is a major factor in the decline in the investment rate to 15 percent of GDP in 1998-99 and 1999-2000, the lowest level in more than two decades. Unless the debt burden can be brought down to more manageable levels, macro-economic management will remain problematical and growth prospects will remain clouded.
Institutions of Restraint: The Missing Element in Pakistan’s Governance (Distinguished Lecture)
Authors: Ishrat Husain
Published: July 2024

Governance and Institutions are not ends in themselves but it is well known by now that good governance and effectively functioning institutions are required, along with sensible policies and well designed public investment, to improve resource allocation and comparative advantage, enhance productivity, facilitate more efficient markets and distribute the benefits of growth more equitably in any economy. How do Governance and Institutions interact? Governance refers to the manner in which power is exercised in the management of a country’s economic and social resources. Good governance requires checks and balances in a country’s institutional infrastructure, such that politicians and bureaucrats have the flexibility to pursue the common good, while restraining arbitrary action and corruption. The state’s monopoly on coercion, coupled with access to information not available to the general public, creates opportunities for public officials to promote their own interests, or those of friends or allies, at the expense of general interest. The probabilities for rent seeking and corruption are considerable
Strategic Reforms for Accelerated Agricultural Growth in Pakistan (Distinguished Lecture)
Authors: Rashid Faruqee
Published: July 2024

Agricultural growth rates in the 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and 1990s show that strong growth during the 1960s was driven by several factors, including greater certainty in the use of irrigation water (as a result of an agreement with India), the introduction of productivityenhancing fertiliser-seed packages, the introduction of tubewells and the electrification of rural areas, and policy changes that improved the profitability of farming. Growth during the 1970s dropped to 2.3 percent as a result of the uncertainty created by land reforms in 1972 and 1977, severe climatic shocks, a cotton virus that depressed production for most of the decade, and political instability. The recovery in the 1980s and early 1990s can be attributed to the introduction of new cotton varieties and improved management techniques, as well as to a gradual improvement in economic incentives. Closer inspection of the nature and sources of this growth raises concerns about its sustainability and casts doubt on the ability of the sector to grow by more than 3-4 percent a year in the future. Many of the past sources of agricultural growth in Pakistan appear to have been fully exploited. Strategy for the future must effectively address the followings. Allowing the market to Operate, policy reforms that support the ongoing structural adjustment should be given top priority. To address the crisis in irrigation management market-determined incentives must be allowed to determine resource allocation within the irrigation system. Reform in extension should include establishing closer links with research institutions and reducing the number of front-line extension workers and replacing them with fewer, bettertrained workers who are more responsive to the needs of farming systems. Full-fledged land reform is difficult to enact and can be considered only after a comprehensive study of costs and benefits. Some important measures can be implemented immediately, however. Foremost is providing security of tenure to many farmers, especially tenants-at-will, thereby improving responsiveness to incentives and creating better incentives for long-term investments.
The Northern Immigration Policy in a North-South Economy Model
Authors: Taro Abe
Published: July 2024

Wooton (1985) considered the immigration into Findlay (1980)’s North-South model and examined how the north’s relaxation of immigration policy influences income in both regions. Based on Wooton (1985), this paper has performed the same analysis assuming there to be a complete capital mobility between the north and the south. The major findings are as follows: In the long-run, the relaxation of the north’s immigration policy does not affect the per capita income of both the northern labour and immigrant workers. When the north practises a discriminative redistribution policy against the immigrant workers, the per capita income in the north will increase because redistribution of income from the immigrant workers to the northern labour as a result of the policy relaxation is taking place.
Application of Orthophoto Maps Created from UAV Aerial Images for Monitoring Historical and Cultural Heritage Lands
Authors: Boris Chetverikov  , Sebastian Różycki  , Andrii Malitskyy  , Luybov Babiy
Published: July 2024

The study investigates the methodology of creating orthophotoplans for immovable historical and cultural heritage sites, beginning from aerial surveys using various UAVs to object vectorization and plan creation. This issue is highly relevant in Ukraine due to rapid reforms in all ministries, including the Ministry of Culture. The reforms are creating a constant need for updated graphical documentation. As immovable historical and cultural heritage sites are in tourist areas with changing infrastructure, traditional surveying methods are impractical due to time constraints. Additionally, the application of UAV aerial imaging for delineating object boundaries and protective zones is more cost-effective. Existing boundaries of heritage lands and those determined from archival materials were overlaid on the created pflans. Orthophotoplans were produced and vectorized at a scale of 1:500 for two research zones: the Holy Trinity Church in Liuboml and the New Jewish Cemetery in Lviv. For the New Jewish Cemetery, boundaries were delineated to assess alignment with the current protective zone. Protective buffer zones around heritage sites were outlined according to both historical and contemporary recommendations in Ukraine. For buffer zones measured from the centroid, development is permitted up to 300 meters for undeveloped areas, with negotiated distances for developed regions, using the 300-meter protective zone as a baseline. The study's uniqueness lies in using a known methodology for creating orthophotoplans based on UAV data to explore options for modeling protective zones based on varying legislative norms over time, incorporating specific nuances. This approach can benefit not only Ukraine but also other countries undergoing reforms in this field.
The effect of E-service quality on E-loyalty and its impact on willingness to pay: The role of E-satisfaction as a mediator (Case study on Qaris users in Indonesia)
Authors: Amsal Theopilus Purba  , Wisnalmawati Wisnalmawati  , Titik Kusmantini
Published: July 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of E-service quality on E-loyalty and its impact on willingness to pay by utilizing E-satisfaction as a mediating variable among QRIS service users in Indonesia. The research sample was 201 respondents who met the sample criteria. Data was obtained through distributing questionnaires online via Google Form. The data was tested statistically via Smart PLS. The research results show that E-service quality partially has a significant influence on E-satisfaction and E-loyalty. This research found that E-satisfaction has a significant effect on E-loyalty. Besides that, E-loyalty has a significant effect on willingness to pay. This research also involves E-satisfaction as a mediating variable. The results show that E-satisfaction mediates the influence of E-service quality on E-loyalty.
Comprehensive review of machine learning models for sql injection detection in e-commerce
Authors: Adeyinka Ayodeji Mustapha  , Anayo Sylvester Udeh  , Thomas Anafeh Ashi  , Odunayo Sekinat Sobowale  , Mayowa Jesse Akinwande  , Aminat Olaide Oteniara
Published: July 2024

With the steady expansion of online commerce, e-commerce sites have become increasingly attractive targets for hackers. These sites serve millions of customers and often hold valuable, confidential, and sometimes financial information in their databases. One particularly dangerous type of attack is SQL injection, which exploits vulnerabilities in web applications to influence backend databases, posing significant threats to such platforms. Traditional defenses like desktop firewalls, input validation, and parameterized queries provide some level of protection but are often insufficient against newer injection variations and sophisticated attackers. The utilization of machine learning to enhance cybersecurity against more advanced threats has been demonstrated as a promising approach. This systematic review examines how various machine learning algorithms are applied to detect SQL injection attacks that could potentially harm e-commerce systems. By identifying and analyzing the relevant literature, this review highlights the effectiveness of different algorithms and their practical applications in enhancing the security of online commerce platforms. More specifically, five techniques were assessed on both real and synthetic datasets: Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, Random Forest, Artificial Neural Network, and two combined models (Logistic Regression & Naive Bayes, and Artificial Neural Network & Random Forest). The findings indicate that Random Forest performed better than other algorithms in the decision tree family, attributed to its ability to balance precision and recall effectively. However, limitations such as using a single dataset and the computational complexity of some models were noted. This review provides insights for practitioners on selecting appropriate detection models and outlines approaches to address current limitations through future work. Addressing these limitations could involve using more diverse datasets, optimizing computational efficiency, and exploring advanced ensemble methods and neural network architectures.
Formulation and evaluation of moringa and neem herbal toothpaste for comprehensive oral care
Authors: Christina Viju John  , Swati Suresh Pawane  , Sayali Sandeep Marchande  , Neha Sanjay Shinde  , Abhishek Charudatta Patil  , Rutuja Dattatray Machale  , Shrutika Dipesh Patil
Published: July 2024

The demand for natural and effective antimicrobial agents in oral care products has led to the exploration of botanical extracts such as Moringa and Neem. In this study, we aimed to prepare extracts from Moringa and Neem leaves and incorporate them into toothpaste formulations to evaluate their antimicrobial properties against oral pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was assessed using well-established agar diffusion assays against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative oral bacteria. Additionally, the pH and consistency of the toothpaste formulations were optimized for usability and stability. Our results demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity of the Moringa and Neem extracts against a range of oral bacteria, including common pathogens associated with dental caries and periodontal diseases. The formulated toothpaste containing these extracts exhibited promising inhibitory effects, suggesting their potential as natural alternatives or adjuncts to synthetic antimicrobial agents in oral hygiene products. This research work contributes to the ongoing exploration of plant-derived compounds for oral health applications.
The party’s role on the management of Nabire nature tourism park in Kimi Bay District of Nabire Regency
Authors: Meryanti Watta  , Anton S. Sinery  , Bernadetta M. Sadsoetoeboen  , Budi Setiawan  , Ice Anugrah Sari
Published: July 2024

This research study was to determine the parties, roles, interests and influence of the parties and the collaboration relationship of the parties in the management of Nab ire TWA in Kimi Bay District, Nab ire Regency. Based on the results of the study, it was known that there were 21 parties in the management of Nab ire TWA based on entities as government and community including BBKSDA Papua, KSDA Region II Nab ire Division, Head of Air Mandidi Village, Head of Kimi Bay District, Nab ire Regency Culture, Youth, Sports and Tourism Office, DLH, DPUPR, Nab ire Regency Education Office, BAPPEDA, Dispenda, BPN/ATR, USWIM, Customary Rights Owners, Traditional Leaders, Women Leaders, Youth Leaders, HIPETA NGOs, Tourist Attraction Owners, Visitors and Communities Around TWA. The role of the parties to the level of influence and importance based on grouping in the quadrant assessment, namely as a group of key players consisting of the Papua BBKSDA, Nab ire Region II KSDA Division and Customary Rights Owners. The context setter group, namely the Nab ire Regency Environment Office, the Nab ire Regency PUPR Office, the Head of Air Mandidi Village, the Head of Kimi Bay District, traditional leaders, youth leaders, leaders, women and community leaders. The subject group, namely the Nab ire Regency Culture, Youth, Sports and Tourism Office, Nab ire Regency Dispenda, USWIM, HIPETA NGO, Communities Around TWA and Tourist Attraction Owners. The crowd group, namely the Nab ire Regency Education Office, BPN / ATR and visitors. The highest value of the level of influence and importance in the management of TWA was 22 (twenty-two) by BBKSDA Papua and the Nab ire Region II KSDA Division as the controlling authority in the implementation and decision making of Nab ire TWA management. Furthermore, the lowest value of the level of influence and importance of 5 (five) was the visitors. The visitors benefit from TWA Nab ire. Although the level of importance and influence was low and not directly involved in management, visitors could be educated about the management of TWA which was different from other tourist attractions. Knowledge about the existence of conservation areas that still maintain the existence of surrounding natural resources. Cooperative relationships based on interaction, continuity, synergy, strength by key players had a value of 4.3 with the highest value. Furthermore, the subject group had a value of rights, responsibilities and benefits of 3, the context setter group had a value of 2.9 and finally the crowd group had a value of rights, responsibilities and benefits of 1.7 which indicated that the value of rights, responsibilities and benefits of the parties would be lower as the level of influence and interest in the management of Nab ire TWA decreases.
A review of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells: Mechanisms and therapeutic targets
Authors: Kelly Osayi Otakhor  , Elizabeth O. Soladoye
Published: July 2024

Metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, enabling tumor cells to sustain rapid proliferation, resist cell death, and adapt to varying microenvironmental conditions. This review elucidates the key mechanisms underlying metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, including alterations in glucose metabolism, glutamine addiction, and lipid biosynthesis. A central feature of cancer metabolism is the Warburg effect, where cancer cells preferentially utilize aerobic glycolysis over oxidative phosphorylation, even in the presence of oxygen. This metabolic shift is driven by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, such as MYC and TP53, which modulate the expression and activity of enzymes involved in glycolysis and mitochondrial function. Additionally, cancer cells exhibit increased glutaminolysis, relying on glutamine as a carbon and nitrogen source to support anabolic processes and redox balance. Lipid metabolism is also reprogrammed, with enhanced de novo lipogenesis supplying membrane components and signaling molecules critical for tumor growth and survival. Understanding these metabolic alterations provides a basis for developing targeted therapies. Several therapeutic strategies have emerged, including inhibitors of key metabolic enzymes, such as hexokinase 2 (HK2), pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2), and glutaminase. Metabolic interventions can disrupt the metabolic flexibility of cancer cells, sensitizing them to conventional therapies and overcoming resistance mechanisms. This review highlights the potential of metabolic targets in cancer treatment and emphasizes the need for personalized approaches considering tumor-specific metabolic profiles. Future research should focus on identifying biomarkers of metabolic vulnerabilities and developing combination therapies that exploit the intricate metabolic dependencies of cancer cells. Ultimately, targeting metabolic reprogramming holds promise for improving cancer prognosis and achieving more effective and durable therapeutic outcomes.
Land use dynamics and bioenergy: A critical review of environmental and socioeconomic interactions
Authors: Ikponmwosa Aiguobarueghian  , Uwaga Monica Adanma  , Eseoghene Kupa
Published: July 2024

This review paper examines the intricate environmental and socioeconomic interactions associated with land use dynamics and bioenergy production. Through an analysis of existing literature, the paper explores the impacts of bioenergy production on ecosystems, climate change, rural development, land tenure systems, and food security. Environmental interactions encompass biodiversity loss, soil degradation, water resource depletion, and carbon sequestration dynamics, with ecosystem integrity and climate resilience implications. Socioeconomic interactions encompass changes in land tenure arrangements, rural livelihoods, and food production systems, highlighting trade-offs and potential synergies between bioenergy production and other land uses. The paper concludes with implications for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers, emphasizing the need for integrated land use planning, sustainable land management practices, and policy interventions to promote environmental and socioeconomic sustainability in bioenergy production systems.