bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
[Retracted] The Collection and Utilization of Web Resources for Teaching World History Based on Data Mining Technology
Authors: Wu Xia
Published: August 2022

The foundation of research for academics involved in world history education and research is timely access to pertinent foreign information, comprehension of domestic and international academic developments, and access to fundamental historical materials and research outputs from our ancestors. As a result, it is essential to investigate the necessity and viability of using network resources on the basis of analysis in order to respond to the educational philosophy of the new curriculum reform and adapt to the development of modern teaching methods based on network technology. The creation and use of curriculum resources is an essential component of curriculum development and a crucial assurance for curriculum implementation. The growth and acceptance of online learning will undoubtedly influence how history education is practised around the world. The scarcity of online learning resources is currently a bottleneck impeding the growth of online education. On the other hand, data mining (DM) takes the massive amount of incomplete data and extracts the useful knowledge and information hidden within it. This paper explores the “DM” process of utilizing online resources and suggests a method for gathering and utilizing world history education online resources based on DM technology. The experimental results show that the test interval between MapReduce and DM gradually increases with the increase of data volume. The advantage of DM is more obvious, as the average test time of DM is 27.66 seconds shorter than that of MapReduce. Therefore, DM has high application value in the field of search engines and social network analysis.
Cloud Computing Resource Prediction Model Based on Time Convolutional Network
Authors: Feng Xin , Gao Haibo , Zhang Cheng
Published: August 2022

With the continuous progress and development of modern science and technology, the research on cloud computing-related fields is constantly conducting more in-depth exploration. During the real-life use of cloud computing operations, as the number of tenants continues to increase, the resource usage load capacity of the relevant platform has also undergone tremendous changes. In order to enable the tenants to complete higher-level optimization of the relevant performance and indicators during the actual work of the platform, this article explains how to perform related network resource models on the premise of cloud computing operation management. The researchers used this cloud computing network operation forecasting system as the basic point of view for experimental research and explained and summarized all relevant research results and specific instructions on multivariable load sequences in detail. The multivariable load sequence is embedded in the dimension of the phase space in the calculation process, and the generalization operation from single variable to multivariable can be carried out. However, every time the expansion calculation is performed, the selection criteria available for the researcher to calculate will be reduced, making the result a reconstructed phase space with uncertainty. Therefore, in order to ensure the accuracy of the data of the research experiment results, the researchers must simplify the model, focus on further discussing the correlation between multivariable load sequences in the mechanism, and reduce the number of data calculations in the process. The redundant information generated can select more reasonable data information as input variables in the research process.
Comparison of the Effects of Hysteroscopic Cold Broad Sword Play Combined with Estrogen and Progestin Sequential Therapy and Drospirenone and Ethinylestradiol Tablets in Patients with Severe Intrauterine Adhesion
Authors: Zhou Liping , Zhou Liqin , Wang Tingting
Published: August 2022

Objective. To compare the effects of hysteroscopic cold broad sword play combined with estrogen and progestin sequential therapy and drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets in patients with severe intrauterine adhesion. Methods. One hundred and eight patients with severe IUA admitted to our hospital from May 2019 to October 2021 were selected for the study. Patients were divided according to their treatment regimen into group A (n = 54) treated with hysteroscopic cold broad sword play + drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets and group B (n = 54) treated with hysteroscopic cold broad sword play + estrogen and progestin sequential therapy. The two groups were compared in terms of perioperative indicators, recovery of uterine cavity status, inflammatory factor (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and interleukin 8 (IL-8)] levels), World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Scale (WHOQOL-BREF) score, and clinical outcome at 3 months postoperatively. Result. After surgery, the duration of abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding was shorter in group A than in group B (

P
<
0.05

). After surgery, the time of menstruation return was shorter in group A than in group B, and the menstrual flow score was higher than in group B (

P
<
0.05

). At 3 months after the surgery, the uterine blood flow index, endometrial thickness, and uterine cavity volume were higher in group A than in group B, and the number of uterine readhesion was lower than in group B (

P
<
0.05

). 3 months after the surgery, the CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 levels decreased in both groups and were lower in group A than in group B (

P
<
0.05

). At 3 months after the surgery, the WHOQOL-BREF scores for each indicator were higher in both groups than before surgery and were higher in group A than in group B (

P
<
0.05

). At 3 months after the surgery, the overall valid rate of group A was 94.44% better than that of group B at 79.63% (

P
<
0.05

). Conclusion. The combination of hysteroscopic cold broad sword play with drospirenone and ethinylestradiol tablets has been shown to be more effective than combined estrogen and progestin sequential therapy in the treatment of patients with severe IUA, which significantly improves the post-operative menstrual status and uterine cavity morphology, significantly reduces the level of inflammatory factors in the patient’s body, and significantly improves the quality of life, which is of value.
Short-Chain Fatty Acid Receptors and Blood Pressure Regulation: Council on Hypertension Mid-Career Award for Research Excellence 2021
Authors: Xu Jiaojiao , Moore Brittni N. , Pluznick Jennifer L.
Published: August 2022

The gut microbiome influences host physiology and pathophysiology through several pathways, one of which is microbial production of chemical metabolites which interact with host signaling pathways. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are a class of gut microbial metabolites known to activate multiple signaling pathways in the host. Growing evidence indicates that the gut microbiome is linked to blood pressure, that SCFAs modulate blood pressure regulation, and that delivery of exogenous SCFAs lowers blood pressure. Given that hypertension is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the examination of novel contributors to blood pressure regulation has the potential to lead to novel approaches or treatments. Thus, this review will discuss SCFAs with a focus on their host G protein-coupled receptors including GPR41 (G protein-coupled receptor 41), GPR43, and GPR109A, as well as OLFR78 (olfactory receptor 78) and OLFR558. This includes a discussion of the ligand profiles, G protein coupling, and tissue distribution of each receptor. We will also review phenotypes relevant to blood pressure regulation which have been reported to date for
Gpr41, Gpr43, Gpr109a
, and
Olfr78
knockout mice. In addition, we will consider how SCFA signaling influences physiology at baseline, and, how SCFA signaling may contribute to blood pressure regulation in settings of hypertension. In sum, this review will integrate current knowledge regarding how SCFAs and their receptors regulate blood pressure.
Sex Differences in Blood Pressure and Potential Implications for Cardiovascular Risk Management
Authors: Picone Dean S. , Stoneman Elif , Cremer Antoine , Schultz Martin G. , Otahal Petr , Hughes Alun D. , Black J. Andrew , Bos Willem Jan , Chen Chen-Huan , Cheng Hao-Min , Dwyer Nathan , Lacy Peter , Laugesen Esben , Liang Fuyou , Kim Hack-Lyoung , Ohte Nobuyuki , Okada Sho , Omboni Stefano , Ott Christian , Pereira Telmo , Pucci Giacomo , Rajani Ronak , Schmieder Roland , Sinha Manish D. , Stewart Ralph , Stouffer George A. , Takazawa Kenji , Wang Jiguang , Weber Thomas , Westerhof Berend E. , Williams Bryan , Yamada Hirotsugu , Sharman James E.
Published: August 2022

Background:

Accurate blood pressure (BP) measurement is critical for optimal cardiovascular risk management. Age-related trajectories for cuff-measured BP accelerate faster in women compared with men, but whether cuff BP represents the intraarterial (invasive) aortic BP is unknown. This study aimed to determine the sex differences between cuff BP, invasive aortic BP, and the difference between the 2 measurements.

Methods:

Upper-arm cuff BP and invasive aortic BP were measured during coronary angiography in 1615 subjects from the Invasive Blood Pressure Consortium Database. This analysis comprised 22 different cuff BP devices from 28 studies.

Results:

Subjects were 64±11 years (range 40–89) and 32% women. For the same cuff systolic BP (SBP), invasive aortic SBP was 4.4 mm Hg higher in women compared with men. Cuff and invasive aortic SBP were higher in women compared with men, but the sex difference was more pronounced from invasive aortic SBP, was the lowest in younger ages, and the highest in older ages. Cuff diastolic blood pressure overestimated invasive diastolic blood pressure in both sexes. For cuff and invasive diastolic blood pressure separately, there were sex*age interactions in which diastolic blood pressure was higher in younger men and lower in older men, compared with women. Cuff pulse pressure underestimated invasive aortic pulse pressure in excess of 10 mm Hg for both sexes in older age.

Conclusions:

For the same cuff SBP, invasive aortic SBP was higher in women compared with men. How this translates to cardiovascular risk prediction needs to be determined, but women may be at higher BP-related risk than estimated by cuff measurements.
Text-based NP Enrichment
Authors: Elazar Yanai , Basmov* Victoria , Goldberg Yoav , Tsarfaty Reut
Published: August 2022

Understanding the relations between entities denoted by NPs in a text is a critical part of human-like natural language understanding. However, only a fraction of such relations is covered by standard NLP tasks and benchmarks nowadays. In this work, we propose a novel task termed text-based NP enrichment (TNE), in which we aim to enrich each NP in a text with all the preposition-mediated relations—either explicit or implicit—that hold between it and other NPs in the text. The relations are represented as triplets, each denoted by two NPs related via a preposition. Humans recover such relations seamlessly, while current state-of-the-art models struggle with them due to the implicit nature of the problem. We build the first large-scale dataset for the problem, provide the formal framing and scope of annotation, analyze the data, and report the results of fine-tuned language models on the task, demonstrating the challenge it poses to current technology. A webpage with a data-exploration UI, a demo, and links to the code, models, and leaderboard, to foster further research into this challenging problem can be found at: yanaiela.github.io/TNE/.
The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) in the Heart of the SDG Agenda
Authors: Yingi Edwin , Hlungwani Promise M. , Nyagadza Brighton
Published: August 2022

The world has reached the threshold of an absolute overhaul and reconfiguration of society and workplaces. The transformation is being caused by the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is changing every facet of life, including education. The revolution is epitomised by breakthroughs in fields such as artificial intelligence, robotics, biotechnology and quantum computing, among others. This comes at a time when the United Nations has conceived the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG s) under Agenda 2030. The convergence of SDG s and 4IR cannot be overemphasised. The implementation of 4IR technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), learning analytics and the Internet of Things, promotes inclusive, equitable and quality education that is in sync with SDG 4. Zimbabwe’s updated curriculum for 2015 to 2022 has emphasised ICT and learner-centred learning in the expectation that this transformation in the education sector will create competent, problem-solving and critical thinkers with the zeal to modernise society.
The Past, Present and Future of Pastoralists and the Pastoral Commons in the Sahel
Authors: Jyothi Asha
Published: August 2022

The paper begins with popular narratives on climate change and food insecurity in the Sahel, painting a brief history of how pastoralists and their lifestyles have been understood by external scholars dealing with the theme of natural resource commons. This leads into a deeper analysis of multiple understandings of the productive political potential of the common/s as articulated by economists, historians and academics, and an exploration of the implications of these theories for the Sahel. This includes various government policies managing the commons, ranging from open-access to ranch-based systems, and the privatisation or exploitation of the commons by capitalist actors. The paper further explores three design principles, namely, mobility, inclusion and conflict mediation, for better governance in the region, and ends with a note of caution against the green-washed pursuit of growth rates, tempered by a note of hope in the figure of the vigilant and empowered pastoralist.
Dialogical humour in evening service encounters in the hospitality industry in Seville, Spain
Authors: Cruz Manuel Padilla
Published: August 2022

Given that humour greatly impacts customer satisfaction and loyalty, this paper explores the dialogical forms of humour occurring in evening service encounters. It reports on a study focusing on interactions between baristas and customers. The latter belong to two groups: university students in their late teens and twenties, and regulars over forty years old. The establishments selected for the study are small cafes and small tapas bars in Seville. The study is based on unobtrusive observation and field notes, as humour authenticity depends on naturalness and spontaneity. Although the interlocutors engaged in the encounters made use of dialogical forms of humour in order to achieve similar interactional goals, the results of the study reveal variation in terms of the quantity and categories of comical tokens. A series of individual and external factors explain this variation.
Political dialogue across time, space and genres
Authors: Chilton Paul , Kopytowska Monika
Published: August 2022

The objective behind this paper is to outline an integrated cognitive-social-pragmatic approach to the re-emergence of far-right cultic politics along with the role of social media in enhancing the dialogic impact of contemporary discourses of hostility. We start from the assumption that while deixis and speech acts enable attribution of status functions and deontic powers, and thus legitimation on the level of discourse (which is key in construction of the self vis-à-vis others), cyberspace, with the semiotic affordances it offers, creates a conducive environment for expanding the dialogue between cult figures and their audiences across time, space and genres. In this way the Internet and online discursive practices enhance the impact and visibility of messages legitimizing aggression, simultaneously playing an important role in cult formation. As a case in point, we will analyse Enoch Powell’s “Rivers of Blood” speech and its recontextualizations 50 years later.
Effect of milk and mustard oil consumption: A case study on youth in Delhi-NCR
Authors: Sharma Maurya , Vavilala Pratyusha , Singh Archita , Baweja Renu
Published: August 2022

Background: The diet is a major factor affecting the Body Mass Index (BMI) of an individual. BMI has long been the standard for measuring health and its normal range (18.5–24.9, according to the World Health Organization) is considered to be crucial for maintenance of proper health and to prevent various lifestyle disorders which are considered to have either direct or indirect effects on physical and mental well-being of our youth. Aim: To investigate the correlation between diet patterns and BMI, overall stamina and fatigue levels in the youth population residing in Delhi-NCR region of India. Methods: An online survey was conducted using a carefully designed Google form and the respondents were asked to give details about the basic health parameters and dietary lifestyle. Results: 67% of the respondents who consumed milk were found to have an ideal BMI. 64% of the respondents who consumed mustard oil as their predominant dietary fat showed normal BMI and more than 80% showed lower fatigue levels. Conclusion: Milk and mustard oil consumption is important for maintenance of an ideal BMI. Awareness should be created in the youth to have them as part of their daily diet.
The uncanniness of written text is explained by configural deviation and not by processing disfluency
Authors: Diel Alexander , Lewis Michael
Published: August 2022

Deviating from human norms in human-looking artificial entities can elicit uncanny sensations, described as the uncanny valley. This study investigates in three tasks whether configural deviation in written text also increases uncanniness. It further evaluates whether the uncanniness of text is better explained by perceptual disfluency and especially deviations from specialized categories, or conceptual disfluency caused by ambiguity. In the first task, lower sentence readability predicted uncanniness, but deviating sentences were more uncanny than typical sentences despite being just as readable. Furthermore, familiarity with a language increased the effect of configural deviation on uncanniness but not the effect of non-configural deviation (blur). In the second and third tasks, semantically ambiguous words and sentences were not uncannier than typical sentences, but deviating, non-ambiguous sentences were. Deviations from categories with specialized processing mechanisms thus better fit the observed results as an explanation of the uncanny valley than ambiguity-based explanations.
Dynamic modeling of power network-integrated wind turbine
Authors: Awalin Lilik J , Halim Syahirah Abd , Syahiman  , Ramli Azuana , Naidu Kanendra , Ismail Bazilah , Rosli Wani , Ali Ibrahim
Published: August 2022

This paper presents the performance investigation of voltage and current for dynamic model of the wind turbine. In this study, the various numbers of wind turbine speed are applied in the simulation. This treatment is intended to see how much influence the turbine speed has on the voltage and current output. IEEE 14 bus system is integrated to the wind turbine in order to observe the impact of on-grid connection to the voltage and current performance. How to model wind turbine in PSCAD simulation software also discussed in this paper. The detail of supporting components in designing a wind turbine system and their functions are also explained. Several values of turbine speed are also considered in this paper as a study material in seeing the performance of wind turbines. The relationship between wind speed and pitch angle will also be discussed to ensure that the wind turbine is not damaged. In order to prove the accuracy of the simulation model, the obtained measurement generation of active power from the wind turbine is matched with the manual calculation. Based on the various wind speed values that have been tested, this can be the basis for the application of wind turbine (renewable energy) design development for further research.
Complying the LVRT grid code requirement of a fixed speed wind energy system using unified voltage and pitch angle control strategy
Authors: Naik Kanasottu Anil , Gupta Chandra Prakash , Fernandez Eugene
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes a Unified Voltage and Pitch angle Control (UVPC) strategy for fixed speed wind farm. The focus put on guaranteeing the LVRT grid code requirement when the wind farm subjected to severe faults. The UVPC consist of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) voltage control loops with adequate pitch angle control loops which are coordinated to enhance the low-voltage ride-through capability of the wind generators thereby, complying the low voltage ride through (LVRT) grid code requirement as desired by the Germany grid code. Different scenarios such as system without STATCOM and pitch-angle controller, with STATCOM only, and system with STATCOM and pitch-angle control (i.e. UVPC) are simulated. The simulation results show that the adoption of STATCOM and pitch angle controller fulfilling the LVRT grid code requirement to ensure the continuous operation of wind turbines. Furthermore, a concept of critical clearing time (CCT) is discussed and its utility has been emphasized. Calculations, simulations and measurements provide how the increased STATCOM rating can offer an enhanced stability margin.
Influence of Internal and External Pressure Sensing on Green Travel Intention: Based on a Theoretical Model of the Theory of Planned Behavior and Pressure-state-response Model
Authors: Yang Ranran , Li Lanlan , Wang Cuicui , Yue Chunxiao , Wei Jia
Published: August 2022

Factors that affect environmentally sustainable travel behavior (or “green travel”) and their mechanisms of action are important to understand to conserve energy and reduce emissions. We constructed a model by integrating the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and the pressure-state-response (PSR) model with individual cognition of green travel policies (external pressure) and sensitivity of environmental problems (internal pressure). Then, an empirical study of 796 urban residents in eastern China was conducted. The results show that, with regard to the TPB, attitude has a direct and significant impact on self-practiced and interpersonal intentions, while perceived behavior control has a similar effect on self-practiced green travel intentions. Further, our results also indicate that subjective norms have indirect influence on both self-practiced and interpersonal intentions by affecting attitudes. With regard to the PSR model, urban residents’ cognitions of external and internal pressures affect their green travel intentions in various ways. Based on the results, some relevant policy recommendations aimed at promoting green travel are proposed.
Defining the Minimal Clinically Important Difference and Patient Acceptable Symptom State After Endoscopic Gluteus Medius or Minimus Repair With or Without Labral Treatment and Routine Capsular Closure at Minimum 5-Year Follow-up
Authors: Rice Morgan W. , Sivasundaram Lakshmanan , Hevesi Mario , Browning Robert B. , Alter Thomas D. , Paul Katlynn , Nho Shane J.
Published: August 2022

Background:

There is a paucity of information in the literature on midterm outcomes of endoscopic gluteus medius and/or minimus repair with concomitant labral treatment using only modern surgical techniques.

Purpose:

To define the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) and Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) at a minimum of 5 years postoperatively for patients undergoing endoscopic hip abductor repair with routine capsular closure.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

Consecutive patients who underwent primary endoscopic repair of gluteus medius and/or minimus tears between January 2012 and December 2015 by the senior author were eligible for inclusion. Patient-reported outcome scores were assessed preoperatively and at 5 years postoperatively: Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL), HOS–Sport Specific (HOS-SS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12), and visual analog scale (VAS) for pain. The MCID was uniquely calculated using the distribution method, and the PASS was determined via the anchor-based method utilizing receiver operating characteristic curves and Youden index.

Results:

A total of 46 patients were included in the study. The majority were female (87.0%), with a mean ± standard deviation age of 59.1 ± 8.9 years and body mass index of 27.3 ± 6.9. Significant postoperative improvements ( P < .001) in each of the 5 patient-reported outcomes were observed at 5 years postoperatively. The MCID threshold values were calculated as follows: HOS-ADL, 11.5; HOS-SS, 15.1; mHHS, 13.3; iHOT-12, 11.8; and VAS, 15.8. The PASS thresholds were calculated as follows: HOS-ADL, 75.7; HOS-SS, 79.7; mHHS, 81.2; and iHOT-12, 60.8. A majority of patients achieved a clinically significant outcome, with 96.2% of patients reaching a threshold score for the MCID or PASS for at least 1 patient-reported outcome.

Conclusion:

Endoscopic hip abductor repair with concomitant arthroscopic labral treatment has a high rate of achievement of clinically significant outcomes and survivorship at a minimum 5-year follow-up. We defined the MCID for the HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, mHHS, iHOT-12, and VAS outcome scores to be 11.5, 15.1, 13.3, 11.8, and 15.8, respectively. The PASS threshold scores for the HOS-ADL, HOS-SS, mHHS and iHOT-12 scores of 75.7, 79.7, 81.2, and 60.8, respectively. Future researchers and clinicians can use the MCID and PASS values established in this study to better evaluate mid-term outcomes of patients undergoing hip abductor repair.
ACL Graft Matching: Cadaveric Comparison of Microscopic Anatomy of Quadriceps and Patellar Tendon Grafts and the Femoral ACL Insertion Site
Authors: Kinoshita Takuya , Hashimoto Yusuke , Iida Ken , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: August 2022

Background:

The optimal graft choice between the bone–patellar tendon–bone (BPTB) and the quadriceps tendon remains controversial. Studies evaluating the microscopic anatomy of the quadriceps tendon–patellar bone (QTB) and BPTB grafts for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are currently lacking.

Hypothesis:

The relationship between post–ACL reconstruction graft bending angle (GBA) and the angle corresponding to the GBA (cGBA) would indicate that the BPTB can bend more than the QTB at the femoral tunnel aperture.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Twenty paired human cadaveric knees fixed at <10° of knee joint flexion (mean age, 82.5 years) underwent histological sectioning and staining with Masson trichrome and toluidine blue. The femoral ACL insertion, QTB graft, and BPTB graft were microscopically analyzed. The width of the direct insertion, thickness of the uncalcified fibrocartilage and calcified fibrocartilage, ligament attachment angle, and cGBA for each group were measured. Eighteen patients who underwent ACL reconstruction with QTB or BPTB autograft were included for the evaluation of GBA using computed tomography images at 1 week postoperatively.

Results:

The mean insertion widths of the femoral ACL, QTB, and BPTB were 7.81, 9.07, and 6.54 mm, respectively. The QTB was 16% wider than the ACL, while the BPTB was 16% narrower than the ACL. The mean insertion thicknesses of the femoral ACL, QTB, and BPTB were 0.53, 0.94, and 0.38 mm, respectively. The QTB was 77% thicker than the ACL ( P < .001), while the BPTB was 28% thinner than the ACL ( P = .017). The mean ligament attachment angles of the femoral ACL, QTB, and BPTB were 20.3°, 30.2°, and 33.3°, respectively, and the QTB and the BPTB were 49% and 64% larger, respectively, than the ACL. The mean cGBAs of the femoral ACL, QTB, and BPTB were 33.9°, 35.1°, and 12.3°, respectively. The BPTB was 64% smaller than the ACL, while there was no significant difference between the QTB and the ACL. The mean GBA was 57.7°.

Conclusion:

The insertion width and thickness were significantly greater and smaller in the QTB and BPTB grafts, respectively, than in the ACL. The relationship between GBA after ACL reconstruction and cGBA in knee extension indicates that at the femoral tunnel aperture, the BPTB can bend more than the QTB.

Clinical Relevance:

QTB graft may allow more anatomic ACL reconstruction to be performed.
The matching characteristics and flow mechanisms of partial-height booster rotor and fan rotor for a high-throughflow fan
Authors: Zhou Chuangxin , Zhao Shengfeng , Yang Chengwu , Han Ge , Lu Xingen
Published: August 2022

Further enhancements in the throughflow capacity of the conventional fan in the turbofan engine are limited by its aerodynamic and geometric parameters, but the concept of a high-throughflow fan is expected to overcome this limitation. This study explored the effects of the parameters of axial overlap ( AO) and percent pitch ( PP) on the aerodynamic performance of a high-throughflow fan by using validated numerical simulations to clarify the complicated mechanisms of the tandem rotor. The results showed that the tandem rotor determined the overall stage performance. The isentropic efficiency and total pressure ratio of the tandem rotor reached the best as AO = +10%, and PP = 20%. When PP was small and AO changed, the stronger passage shock wave in the fan rotor ( FR) was the main factor influencing the aerodynamic performance of the tandem rotor. While PP enlarged to a high level and AO changed, interactions between the tip vortex or wake and the low-energy fluids of the FR pressure surface ( PS), and the strength of the passage shock wave in the FR determined the isentropic efficiency, which was slightly different from the lower PP.
Increasing power coefficient of small wind turbine over a wide tip speed range by determining proper design tip speed ratio and number of blades
Authors: Yilmaz Oktay
Published: August 2022

This paper proposes a design strategy based on an understanding of basic rotor aerodynamics principles to achieve aerodynamically efficient small wind turbine rotor by determining proper design tip speed ratio (TSR) and number of blades. In the design and performance analyses of rotors, the blade element momentum (BEM) method was employed in conjunction with the Viterna-Corrigan post-stall model and Buhl’s wake state model. BEM simulations use the Re number dependent airfoil aerodynamic coefficients derived through Xfoil panel code. Reduced design tip speed ratio increased rotor solidity and hence blade Reynolds number. The width of the optimum TSR range, on the other hand, was found to decrease when the design TSR was less than a certain threshold. At high tip speeds, rotors with optimum design TSR were able to maintain an almost constant and near-ideal axial induction factor, resulting widest optimum TSR range for high aerodynamic efficiency. Increasing number of blades ( B) increased CP,max, but further increase in B lowered rotor efficiency due to reduced blade Re number. Based on CFD results, 5-blade SD7032 rotor with a design TSR of 4 achieved 12.3% higher CP,max compared to 0.9 m diameter 3-blade experimental reference rotor. Maximum achievable power coefficient of infinitely many-bladed ideal rotor with design TSR of 4 is 0.559, while CP,max of 5-blade SD7032 rotor is 0.492.
Evaluation of thermal characteristics of laser induced heating of microfilm in relation to printed circuit board manufacturing
Authors: Dutta Jaideep , Mandal Nabankur , Chatterjee Prasenjit , Kibria Golam
Published: August 2022

The emerging field of microelectronics has expeditiously developed over recent decades, owing to the development of novel materials and state-of-the-art fabrication technologies, as it offers crucial solutions to specific and complicated challenges. Laser systems are effectively utilized in material processing applications due to their inherent capabilities that provide rapid, quality and flexibility to reduce production costs involved. Microelectronics manufacturing basically comprises circuit boards (printed circuit boards), semiconductor, IC wafers are a few applications where laser system has been employed over traditional manufacturing technologies. In the viewpoint of the importance of the application of laser in the arena of microelectronics, the present research work is dedicated to evaluate the thermal characteristics developed in laser heating of microfilm (printed circuit board). During the operation of laser heating on the substrate surface, the quantity of material removal is largely dependent on the high temperature induced by the laser. The parametric laser-substrate interaction phenomena are the prime deciding factor for the successful accomplishment of the manufacturing operation. From the literature review, it has been observed that not much concentration has been given to the application of non-Fourier’s model though it is specifically suited for microscale heat transfer. This research paper theoretically investigates the thermal characteristics (peak temperature, temperature distribution curvature, pulse time, optical penetration depth, time of laser exposure, laser absorption radius and so on) by employing non-Fourier’s heat conduction model with pulse laser heat source. The theoretical estimation will be validated by the existing experimental research outcomes. The present research paper might be an asset for deciding the design of process variables and protocols in terms of laser-based manufacturing in the arena of microelectronics.
Agricultural practices in India during the Holocene: A pollen view point and a critical appraisal
Authors: Quamar Mohammad Firoze , Kar Ratan
Published: August 2022

Pollen assemblages provide valuable insights into the beginning of cereal-based agricultural practices and the transition from a hunting and gathering to a sedentary and food-producing way of life. Anthropogenic pollen indicators (APIs) and their precise identification, with respect to taxonomic resolution, can help to document the history of agricultural development, pastoral activities and human-induced land-use changes, particularly for the Holocene Epoch. Moreover, careful selection of pollen types, and/or indices, established for a particular region, are useful for obtaining meaningful reconstructions of anthropogenic activities through time. Specific pollen-markers have been used to deduce the inception of agriculture and the impact of anthropogenic activities on the landscape, from the different regions of the world. For India, Cerealia, and other cultural plant pollen taxa, such as Amaranthaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Brassicaceae, Polygonaceae, Artemisia, Cannabis sativa, Alternanthera, Urtica, Rumex and Borreria have been used as marker pollen types for indicating agricultural practices and other anthropogenic activities. In this communication, we have made an attempt to trace the advent and intensification of agricultural practices in the varied physiographic regions of the Indian sub-continent, on the basis of the available palynological records. We have further critically analysed the plausibility of agricultural practices and other human activities during the Late Pleistocene/Pre and Early Holocene with respect to the Indian scenario.
Toward a novel multi-century archive of tree mast using pollen from lake sediments
Authors: Prebble Joseph G , Dunbar Gavin , van den Bos Valerie , Li Xun , Vandergoes Marcus , Richardson Sarah , Horgan Huw , Holt Katherine A , Howarth Jamie , Levy Richard
Published: August 2022

Mast seeding – the pronounced inter-annual variability and synchrony in seed production – can have profound local ecological impacts. We explore the potential for generating long (centuries to millennia) proxy records of tree mast seeding, from pollen deposited in lake sediments. This proxy record uses pollen recovered from annually-banded (varved) sediments from a core collected from Lake Ohau, South Island, New Zealand to reconstruct masting events for two genera of Southern Beech, Fuscospora spp. and Lophozonia spp. We find average mast frequencies inferred from Fuscospora pollen from a 43-year sediment core collected from Lake Ohau comparable to seed fall expected for the catchment using a differential-temperature (ΔT) statistical model for the period 1974–2016. In contrast, Lophozonia pollen mast frequency in the 1974–2016 timeseries was consistently lower than that predicted by the ΔT model, although the patterns of variability were broadly similar. We explore this approach in a second 32-year pollen timeseries from Lake Ohau, spanning the pre-instrumental period 1833–1864. During this interval, average air temperature was ~1°C cooler than the late 20th century, and interannual variability of air temperature was subdued, such that mast frequency predicted by the Δ T model is the lowest in 200 years. We find mast frequency in our pollen records reflects this pattern for Fuscospora, with a minima of mast frequency from 1850, compared to the 1974–2016 record, but not for Lophozonia. This paper demonstrates that a centuries-long pollen record from the Lake Ohau sedimentary sequence has the potential to form a valuable proxy for Fuscospora masting that would supplement existing seedfall records. Long records of this type could significantly enhance our understanding of the environmental drivers of mast seeding.
An efficient approach for optimizing the cost-effective individualized treatment rule using conditional random forest
Authors: Xu Yizhe , Greene Tom H. , Bress Adam P. , Bellows Brandon K. , Zhang Yue , Zhang Zugui , Kolm Paul , Weintraub William S. , Moran Andrew S. , Shen Jincheng
Published: August 2022

Evidence from observational studies has become increasingly important for supporting healthcare policy making via cost-effectiveness analyses. Similar as in comparative effectiveness studies, health economic evaluations that consider subject-level heterogeneity produce individualized treatment rules that are often more cost-effective than one-size-fits-all treatment. Thus, it is of great interest to develop statistical tools for learning such a cost-effective individualized treatment rule under the causal inference framework that allows proper handling of potential confounding and can be applied to both trials and observational studies. In this paper, we use the concept of net-monetary-benefit to assess the trade-off between health benefits and related costs. We estimate cost-effective individualized treatment rule as a function of patients’ characteristics that, when implemented, optimizes the allocation of limited healthcare resources by maximizing health gains while minimizing treatment-related costs. We employ the conditional random forest approach and identify the optimal cost-effective individualized treatment rule using net-monetary-benefit-based classification algorithms, where two partitioned estimators are proposed for the subject-specific weights to effectively incorporate information from censored individuals. We conduct simulation studies to evaluate the performance of our proposals. We apply our top-performing algorithm to the NIH-funded Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial to illustrate the cost-effectiveness gains of assigning customized intensive blood pressure therapy.
Women’s Empowerment through Skill Education and Entrepreneurship Development in the Handloom Sector in Mizoram
Authors: Suryanarayanan Sheela , Ramswamy Rama
Published: August 2022

Handlooms not only represent the rich cultural heritage of India but are also important from the point of view of their size and employment potential. It is the second-largest provider of employment in India after agriculture. The handloom workforce in India is largely outside the realms of formal education in India, impeding their empowerment. This article probes into the extent of empowerment among students of the Bachelor of Vocation (B.Voc) (Handloom Weaver) and the impact of this unique course conducted at Mizoram University on women’s empowerment. Drawing on Naila Kabeer’s concept, the article examines women’s empowerment among students as an impact of the B.Voc course at Mizoram University. The B.Voc course provides skill-based education as well as prospects of employment through entrepreneurship with the promotion of the ‘Hnatlang Handloom Producer Company Ltd’ by the students. The study revealed that the B.Voc Handloom course provided valuable education and knowledge on hands-on handloom skills, entrepreneurship and leadership experience, exposure to marketing and networking, and fund management. However, students continue to subscribe to some of the stereotypical mindset. There is a need for sensitisation sessions on ‘Women’s Empowerment and Gender Studies’ to enable them to reconstruct structural inequalities and patriarchy.
Book review: Rebecca J. White, See Do Repeat: The Practice of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Mitra Baishali
Published: August 2022

Rebecca J. White, See Do Repeat: The Practice of Entrepreneurship. NOW SC Press, 2021, 158 pp. + guide book.
The Readiness for ESG among Retail Investors in Central and Eastern Europe. The Example of Poland
Authors: Petelczyc Janina
Published: August 2022

Despite a considerable volume of literature on the environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG) investments, most studies have focused on the perspective of managers and investors in markets with developed ethical funds. This study complements previous studies by exploring the retail investors’ attitude toward ESG in Poland as a Central and Eastern European country (CEE) with a minor but developing sustainable investment market. While EU ESG regulations focus mostly on disclosure obligations, this study aims to determine whether retail investors in Poland are interested in ESG and identifies the conditions for the investors’ interest. The binomial logistic regression is applied to retail investors based on data from a survey of a representative sample of the Polish population. The results show that Poles consider human-caused climate changes as an important challenge and most of those willing to invest in the capital market want to do so in a sustainable way. However, they are unwilling to sacrifice their profits for the sake of ESG. Only those investors who make investment decisions based on social aspects are more likely to forgo a part of their profits. Women are more willing to engage in responsible investments and forgo higher profits.
Impact of a Palatal Fistula After Cleft Palate Repair on Velopharyngeal Closure
Authors: Geisman Mackenzie M. , Skolnick Gary B. , Grames Lynn M. , Naidoo Sybill D. , Snyder-Warwick Alison K. , Patel Kamlesh B.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

A palatal fistula is an adverse outcome of cleft palate repair. It is unknown if a palatal fistula will influence velopharyngeal closure, even after repair of the fistula. This study determines the effect of a soft palate fistula on the risk of developing velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients who underwent primary cleft palate repair between 2000 and 2015, with complete records at 4 years of age. Fistulae involving the secondary palate following primary palatoplasty were classified as the soft or hard palate. A forced-entry multivariate logistic regression model was built to detect predictors of velopharyngeal dysfunction.

Results

Records of 329 patients were analyzed with a mean follow-up of 8.7 years. A palatal fistula was identified in 89/329 patients (27%) and 29/329 patients (9%) underwent an independent fistula repair. Of the patients with fistula, 44% were located in the hard palate only and 56% had soft palate involvement. Compared to patients without a fistula, rates of velopharyngeal dysfunction were significantly higher in patients with a fistula involving the soft palate (OR 3.875, CI: 1.964-7.648, P < .001) but not in patients with a hard palate fistula (OR 1.140, CI: 0.497-2.613, P = .757). Veau class, age at primary repair, and syndromic status were not significant predictors of VPI (0.128≤ P ≤ .975).

Conclusions

A palatal fistula involving the soft palate is a significant predictor for development of velopharyngeal dysfunction after primary palatoplasty. Surgical intervention, at the time of fistula repair, to add vascularized tissue may be indicated to prophylactically decrease the risk of velopharyngeal dysfunction.
Needs of Grandparents Raising Grandchildren: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Clark Karen C. , Kelley Susan J. , Clark Patricia C. , Lane Kari
Published: August 2022

This study identified custodial grandparents’ perception of sources of stress that may affect their health and better understand their needs. Findings from this qualitative study are based on thematic analysis of interviews with 10 custodial grandparents. The following themes emerged: 1) grandparents’ stress from perceived lack of readiness to care for grandchildren; 2) need for effective communication between and among family members; 3) sufficiency of financial and legal resources; 4) access to community resources, and 5) raising grandchildren reenergizes and revitalizes grandparents’ physical and mental health. These findings provide insight into the stressful aspects of the role of raising grandchildren. Understanding stressors affecting custodial grandparents and their grandchildren will help school nurses, social workers, teachers, school administrators and other professionals collaborate to address their challenges.
The Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus in Plasma Cell Neoplasms is Higher in HIV-Positive Individuals
Authors: Penzhorn Ingrid H , Schneider Johann W , Sher-Locketz Candice
Published: August 2022

Aims. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is causally associated with many hematolymphoid malignancies. This laboratory-based study aimed to establish the prevalence of EBV in plasma cell neoplasms in a large South African cohort and to determine whether there is any correlation between EBV-positivity and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status in patients with plasma cell neoplasms, including plasma cell myeloma and plasmacytoma (solitary plasmacytoma of bone and extraosseous plasmacytoma). Methods. This single-institution retrospective study included all patients with a histopathologic diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasm between 2003 and 2020. EBV-expression in the plasma cell neoplasms was assessed by EBV-encoded RNA (EBER) in situ hybridization (ISH) and correlated with HIV status. HIV status was determined by retrieving prior serologic results. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from HIV-unknown patients underwent HIV-1 p24 antibody testing. Results. Sixteen of 89 plasma cell neoplasms (18%) were EBV-positive. There was a significant correlation between EBV and HIV infection in plasma cell neoplasms, with 6/10 tumors from HIV positive patients showing EBV-positivity in tumor cells. The EBV-positive cohort was significantly younger than the EBV-negative group. Conclusion. EBV-positivity in plasma cell neoplasms in this study is higher than previously reported. The significant occurrence of EBV in plasma cell neoplasms from HIV-positive patients suggests a co-carcinogenic relationship between the two viruses.