bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and genetic characteristics of children with type 1 Gaucher disease in Ukraine
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Ukraine, Zozulya O.V. ,   Rivne Regional Children's Hospital, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) is one of the most common lysosomal storage disorders. This disease is caused by a deficiency of the acid β-glucosidase enzyme, which is encoded by the GBA gene. Deficiency of this enzyme leads to the accumulation, in particular, of glucosylsphingosine (Lyso-GL-1) in cells of the monocyte line of macrophages.
Aim - evaluate and analyze statistical data; establish the features of the clinical course and therapeutic management of GD1 in children.
Materials and methods. We examined 27 children with GD1 who live in Ukraine. Clinical and laboratory data of the course of the disease, the presence of mutational status and the observation stage were taken into account: at the time of diagnosis and after 5 years of treatment.
Results. Progressive anemia, thrombocytopenia and hepatosplenomegaly were found in the general group of patients. Skeletal disease led to pain in the bones and presence. bone crises. Gaucher disease type 1 shows significant genetic variability due to different mutations in the GBA gene, including N370S, L444P and the complex N370S/84G mutation. The type of mutations affects the level of Lyso-Gl-1, which determines the severity of clinical manifestations, in particular, found among our patients with the N370S/84GG mutation. Patients with GD1 and various mutations have a variable clinical course. A milder course of the disease was observed in patients with the N370S and L444P mutation, while the complex allelic combinations, N370S/84GG, lead to a more severe course of the disease. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the mainstay of treatment and has been shown to be highly effective in most patients with GD1, especially those with mild mutations, using imiglucerase.
Conclusions. The high genetic and clinical heterogeneity of GD1 emphasizes the importance of a personalized approach to treatment that takes into account the individual genetic characteristics of each patient. Integrating genetic analysis with clinical assessment is key to optimizing treatment and improving patient outcomes. These findings highlight the importance of understanding the genetic basis of GD1 to improve patient diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment.
The study was conducted according to the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. Informed consent was obtained from the patients for the study.
The author declares no conflict of interest.
Peculiarities of acoustic diagnostic methods in pediatric practice (literature review, own research)
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Marushko Yu.V. , Khomych O.V. ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

Diseases of the respiratory system are among the most common among the population of different age categories. Sound, as a physical phenomenon, is the propagation of longitudinal elastic waves in a medium, for example, in the air. Waves with frequencies below 16 Hz are called infrasound, and above 20,000 Hz are called ultrasound, and these waves cannot be perceived by the human ear. That is why the study of acoustic signals is extremely important for the diagnosis and monitoring of respiratory diseases.
The aim of this article is to investigate the features of the use of acoustic diagnostic methods in pediatric practice through the analysis of contemporary literature over the past five years, sourced from Scopus and Web of Science databases, as well as conducting original clinical research.
Results. Acoustic diagnostic methods in pediatrics have great potential due to their non-invasiveness and lack of radiation exposure. Literary sources indicate the high efficiency of these methods in detecting pathologies of the respiratory system in children, especially in the early stages of diseases. Our research with the acoustic monitoring device "Trembita-Corona" confirmed the ability to accurately determine the affected areas of the lungs with the help of highly sensitive acoustic sensors. The primary focus is paid to the comparative evaluation of the diagnostic efficacy, safety, and potential for using these methods in children of different age groups. It has been proven that acoustic methods allow the identification of pathological changes even in hard-to-reach extracostal areas. The effectiveness of the acoustic monitoring device "Trembita-Corona" developed and implemented in clinical practice is confirmed by the possibility of mathematical data processing, which significantly increases the accuracy of diagnosis, excluding the human factor. The use of acoustic methods in pediatrics opens up new opportunities for early detection and monitoring of diseases of the respiratory system.
Conclusions. The implementation of acoustic methods into clinical practice is a promising direction that deserves further research and development. The conducted experimental studies demonstrated the ability of the "Trembita-Corona" device to accurately diagnose and localize lung lesions in community-acquired pneumonia, confirming the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms.
No conflict of interests was declared by the authors.
Water-soluble vitamins, their significance in metabolism, growth and development of children of different ages
Authors:   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Mochulska O.M. , Zavidnyuk Yu.V. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Horishna I.L. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Palasiuk B.M. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Gavryliuk N.M. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Karashivska O.S. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Yastremska I.O. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine, Bilous V.S. ,   I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ukraine
Published: December 2024

Vitamins are highly biologically active low-molecular compounds of different chemical nature, with different compositions, structures, and physicochemical properties. In contrast to proteins, fats, and carbohydrates, which are macronutrients, vitamins belong to micronutrients, which have high biological activity, although they do not function as an energy source or plastic material.
Aim - to raise awareness of the biological and clinical effects of water-soluble vitamins, their importance in metabolic processes, growth and development of children.
Vitamins are classified according to their physical and chemical characteristics as water-soluble and fat-soluble. Water-soluble vitamins include C, H, P, B12, B9, B6, B5, B3, B2, B1. Water-soluble vitamins perform the function of biological catalysts of various metabolic processes, growth and development of children, regulate most of the vital functions of the child's body, necessary for the balanced work of all organs and systems. Water-soluble vitamins do not accumulate in the body, so their concentration in tissues depends on consumption with diet. Water-soluble vitamins are extremely necessary for the growth and development, health of children of all ages. Water-soluble vitamins are extremely necessary for maintaining healthy skin and mucous membranes, ensuring adequate hematopoiesis, and the normal functioning of the cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, and digestive systems.
Conclusions. Water-soluble vitamins are essential exogenous alimentary factors that should be steadily supplied to the child's body with food in doses in accordance with physiological needs. All vital processes in the child's body take place with the direct participation of water-soluble vitamins. Water-soluble vitamins regulate the function of various tissues, organs and systems, activating a large number of biological ones, and contribute to the body's resistance to external factors. Screening for disorders of the metabolism of water-soluble vitamins and their correction in children can improve health and increase the quality of life.
Manhaj Tafsir Muhammad Al-Amin Asy-Syinqithiy dalam Adwa` al-Bayan fi Idlah al-Qur`an bi al-Qur`an
Authors: Asy-Syakir Muhammad Imam , Amalia Ilma
Published: December 2024

Dewasa ini, penggunaan metode penafsiran qur`an bil-qur`an kembali menggeliat, dan salah satu mufasir yang melakukan upaya ini adalah Muhammad al-Amin asy-Syinqithiy, yang menulis tafsir Adwa` al-Bayan fi Idlah al-Qur`an bi al-Qur`an. Artikel ini secara khusus meneliti penafsiran asy-Syinqithiy yang mampu menghadirkan penafsiran ayat dengan ayat lain dengan bersandar kepada 25 kaidah penafsiran qur`an bil-qur`an yang ia jelaskan dalam pendahuluan. Sekalipun tidak semua ayat al-Qur`an ditafsirkan, tetapi upaya yang dilakukannya secara spesifik merupakan suatu langkah besar yang jarang dilakukan mufasir sebelumnya. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif melalui studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan analisis-deskriptif. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan elaborasi terhadap metode tafsir asy-Syinqithiy, baik yang umum dari kitab tafsir ini, dan yang khusus dengan meninjau uslub tafsirnya, dengan berfokus pada penafsirannya terhadap surat al-Baqarah ayat 131 sampai 145. Tafsir ini menggunakan metode tahlili, dengan kecenderungan ahkami atau fiqhi, dan merujuk sumber penafsiran dari ayat-ayat al-Qur`an itu sendiri secara ijtihadi berdasar kaidah-kaidah penafsiran, lalu sumber lainnya dari hadits, qira`ah sab’ah dan kaidah kebahasaan.
Metode Penafsiran Ibnu Asyur dalam Menafsirkan Al-Qur’an
Authors: Al Mahaly Muhammad Jalaludin
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini menjelaskan evolusi dan metodologi dalam ilmu tafsir Al-Qur’an dari masa ke masa, dengan fokus pada kontribusi Ibnu Asyur melalui Tafsir at-Tahrir wa at-Tanwir, yang mengintegrasikan tradisi klasik dengan inovasi modern. Mukadimah karyanya menyoroti pentingnya penguasaan bahasa Arab, ilmu hadis, dan ilmu-ilmu lainnya sebagai prasyarat untuk penafsiran yang akurat. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan studi kepustakaan. Adapun hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode tafsir Ibnu Asyur menggabungkan tafsir riwayah berdasarkan teks dengan takwil bi al-ra’yi berdasarkan pemikiran rasional, memastikan interpretasi yang holistik dan kontekstual. Ibnu Asyur juga menekankan pentingnya memahami sabab nuzul sebagai latar belakang turunnya ayat untuk konteks yang lebih mendalam. Tafsir Ibnu Asyur mencerminkan upaya untuk menjadikan Al-Qur’an sebagai panduan hidup yang dinamis dan aplikatif, relevan dengan zaman modern serta berdaya guna bagi umat Islam dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan.
Korelasi Dzikir dan Ketenangan Hati dalam Perspektif Baqir Sadr
Authors: Aziz Dedi Abdul , Mokhtar Ahmad Baha' bin
Published: December 2024

Artikel ini membahas korelasi antara dzikir dan ketenangan hati dalam perspektif Baqir Sadr, seorang pemikir Islam terkemuka. Dzikir, sebagai praktik spiritual dalam Islam, tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai pengingat akan kehadiran Allah, tetapi juga memiliki dampak signifikan terhadap kesehatan mental dan emosional individu. Baqir Sadr menekankan bahwa dzikir dapat membersihkan hati dan jiwa, serta memberikan ketenangan yang diperlukan dalam menghadapi tantangan kehidupan. Melalui analisis terhadap ajaran Sadr, artikel ini mengungkapkan bagaimana dzikir dapat menjadi sarana untuk mencapai kedamaian batin dan memperkuat hubungan spiritual dengan Allah. Dengan mengintegrasikan pandangan teologis dan psikologis, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik dzikir yang konsisten dapat menghasilkan efek positif yang mendalam, termasuk peningkatan kualitas hidup dan pengurangan stres. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan baru tentang pentingnya dzikir dalam konteks spiritual dan kesejahteraan psikologis.
Analysis of the Interpretations of Imam Al-Qurtubi and Muhammad Quraish Shihab on Verses about Riba and Their Implications for Financial Awareness
Authors: Sutardi Edi , Ahmad Khadher
Published: December 2024

This research analyzes Al-Qurtubi and Quraish Shihab regarding the riba verse and its implications for financial awareness. The instructions in the Qur'an are clear about the haram and the dangers of usury for humans. However, the reality on the ground is that there are still many people who fall into usury. So that his financial affairs have worldly problems and his spiritual blessings are lost. This research aims to understand the integral conception of usury through the interpretation of Al-Qurtubi and Quraish Shihab, their correlation or differentiation, and their implications. The authors collect verses related to usury and their interpretations, develop a theoretical basis, analyze the correlation and differentiation, and put forward the implications. This process uses comparative analysis by compromising the interpretation of the books Al-Qurtubi and Al-Misbah. The research uses a descriptive-analytical method with a qualitative model through literature study. The results of the research show that the verses of the Qur'an about usury are spread across four suras, namely Al-Baqarah[2]: 275-279, Ali-Imran[3]: 130-132, An-Nisa[4]: 160-161, and Ar-Rum[30]: 39. According to the two commentators, the law of usury is haram. The legal illat is the addition of debt due to deferrals and excesses in contracts or certain staple foods. Understanding this interpretation has positive implications for the financial awareness of believers who are true to their faith.
Lexicographic Problems of Machine Translation Systems: On the Way from Literal to Neural
Authors: Beliaeva Larisa , Kamshilova Olga
Published: December 2024

The article discusses some current issues of interpreting out-of-vocabulary words by modern machine translation systems (MT systems) in the context of changing forms and ways of maintaining an automatic dictionary. It provides a critical outline of the typology of MT systems and strategies for their development. It describes the impact of fast developing software and technologies on these strategies and analyzes the changes they bring into the forms of dictionary support. The research shows that the linguistic support and the structure of automatic dictionaries, whatever the MT system is, are fundamentally important for ensuring the quality of translation. Despite all the success of neural MT (NMT) systems, their automatically updated vocabulary databases do not record words characterized by terminological specificity and low frequency in the special texts and text corpora on which the system is trained. Analysis of translations performed by two popular NMT systems – Google Translate and Yandex Translate – has proven that they fail to process and unify the translation of words that are not entered in the system dictionaries, a task used to be solved easily by users of all types of MT systems with the help of automatic dictionaries. With statistic-based automatic dictionaries it remains a pressing problem and requires a special approach when editing MP results.
Digital Reputation of the Executive Power Bodies: Discursive Factors and Communicative Techniques of Management
Authors: Bazhenova Elena , Shirinkina Mariya
Published: December 2024

The paper discusses the communicative techniques of reputation management of the executive power bodies in the Russian media space. Comparing the concepts of digital reputation and digital image, the authors argue that, unlike image which is purposefully implemented in the media environment, reputation reflects the internet users’ real opinion about the activities performed by state institutions. The essential features of digital reputation are accumulative character, unpredictability and inertia. The authors define the discursive factors affecting reputation: ambiguously wide audience of the internet, distribution of target groups on different web sites, the unpredictability of users’ assessments, some citizens’ aggressive speech behaviour, etc. More than 2.5 thousand posts by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation published in the VKontakte social network and Telegram messenger were selected as the material for the research. The impact of content on the internet audience was evaluated with the ERpost rate at the Popsters service. The authors argue that effective techniques of digital reputation management are the following: communication on a particular internet platform with regard to its target audience, attractive hashtags, the tone of involvement with the interlocutor, rejection of formal style clichйs, and some others. The discursive factors of new formal communication are established, and the techniques of managing governmental bodies’ positive digital reputation are described.
Aspects of Media Manipulation in Complex Communication Situations
Authors: Kusse Holger , Shakenova Maigul
Published: December 2024

The article examines the forms of manipulation in complex communication situations, the essential component of which is multidirectionality, i.e. individual communicative acts addressing multiple audiences. Since complex communication situations are multidirected, they involve various participants who are direct interlocutors, moderators, communication observers, etc. The paper discusses the phenomena of the communicative action orientation towards multiple audiences in staged communication and the participation of the manipulated audience in Internet communication. Multidirectional communication is typical for advertising and talk shows. Although the speakers in talk shows address their interlocutors directly, their statements are perceived by the audience in the studio and the TV viewers. This situation can have a manipulative effect since the latter are not aware that they are the intended recipients. In commercials, characters explain the benefits of a product to other participants in the staged communication event. However, the communication is aimed at the TV audience, which is involved in a large-scale manipulation. From the point of view of manipulation theory, questions arise, such as the effects of monitoring communication (passive participation), the extent to which the recipient themself is part of the manipulation and the responsibility of the recipient and participant of communication in a communicative event.
The Matrix of Cognitive Filters as a Tool for the Analysis of Linguocreatemes in Modern English Discourse
Authors: Taymour Maria
Published: December 2024

This study is devoted to the development of the author’s method “The Matrix of Cognitive Filters” (MCF). It is used to model the process of inferring the meaning of creative elements (linguocreatemes) in multimodal online discourse. To accomplish this task, key cognitive mechanisms for generating the meaning of linguocreatemes were identified and researched. These are banner blindness, evaluative categorization and conceptualization, (de)compression of information and profiling, conceptual metaphor, conceptual metaphtonymy, and conceptual integration. Monomodal verbal and multimodal linguocreatemes (more than 18,000 units) were selected with a continuous sampling method from English-language Internet resources, visual and verbal corpora. Theoretical analysis showed that the MCF can be used to model the overall ability of a linguocreateme to initiate cognitive resonance in a recipient. This method also allows for the collection of data on the probabilistic prediction of the level of cognitive resonance and positive or negative dissonance in an addressee. The empirical data obtained during a practical linguistic-cognitive experiment among English-speaking respondents from across countries confirmed the theoretical results of the study. The participants had to infer the general meanings of several multimodal linguocreatemes in accordance with the MCF. The experiment confirmed the feasibility of using this method to assess the occurrence of cognitive resonance, positive or negative dissonance, as well as obtaining additional data on the recipient’s reactions to different linguocreatemes in English online discourse.
Metagraph Theory as a Basis for Modeling Relevant Media Discourse
Authors: Gapanyuk Yuriy
Published: December 2024

This article is devoted to modeling media discourse based on a combination of a complex graph model and a multidimensional model. Despite significant advances in the field of neural network text processing, the task of modeling text and media discourse remains relevant. Large language models cannot be considered as a reliable discourse model, due to the fact that they are susceptible to hallucinations, which are features of model training and are difficult to diagnose and eliminate in practice. The basic model within the framework of the proposed approach is an annotated metagraph model; the main element of this model is the metavertex. The presence of metavertices with their own attributes and connections with other vertices corresponds to the principle of emergence, that is, giving the concept a new quality, the irreducibility of the concept to the sum of its component parts. Metagraph agents are used to transform metagraphs. A multidimensional metagraph model is a combination of a classical multidimensional model and an annotated metagraph model and allows complex descriptions in the form of metagraphs to be stored in hypercube cells. The multidimensional metagraph model can naturally be considered as a model of text and media discourse. The main drawback of the current version of the proposed model is the lack of a semantic discourse check system. Designing this system is the main direction for the development of further research.
Texts of Different Emotional Classes and Their Topic Modeling
Authors: Kolmogorova Anastasia , Sun Qiuhua
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to studying verbalization specifics of various emotional states in the texts in the Russian language with the purpose to confirm or refute the hypothesis that texts of different emotional classes reflect the denotative situation not identically, which is reflected in thematic specifics and lexical content. The research material consisted of eight corpus texts in the Russian language, which were extracted from the public pages of the social network VKontakte. The texts were selected according to emotional hashtags that corresponded to eight basic emotions, according to H. Lцvheim’s model: anger, surprise, shame, enjoyment, disgust, distress, excitement, fear. The correspondence of emotion and hashtag was established in a preliminary psycholinguistic experiment. While analyzing the text collection, we used the method of computer thematic modeling to identify statistically non-random groups of words (topics). We applied the BERTopic neural network model to the collected data. As a result of the analysis, it was found that texts of 8 emotional classes contain an uneven number of topics, despite the fact that their number does not correlate directly with the amount of data: with a relatively small amount of data, there may be many topics, but in a voluminous corpus – few. The sets of words (tokens) that make up each non-random group (topic) differ in each subcorpora, reflecting the specifics of the denotative situation, which is formed under the influence of the emotional state of the speaker. The idea of diverse thematic “granularity” of texts of different emotional classes is theoretically justified.
Communicative Type “Municipal Employee” in the Media Space: Development of an Automatic Information and Analytical Assessment System
Authors: Karabulatova Irina , Vorontsov Konstantin , Okolyshev Daniil , Zhang Ludan
Published: December 2024

The article examines the issue of representing municipal government in the media space, followed by the proposed solution for automatically identifying signs of destructive and constructive positioning of communicative types of municipal employees in the public information space. The definition of the concept of the communicative type “municipal employee” with verification features is introduced. The results of the analysis of the organization of local self-government on the example of the Moscow region allowed us to conclude that the communicative type “municipal employee” reflects a diversified system of territorial communicative position within the regional government. The information obtained during the analysis of public information space attitudes regarding the activities of municipal employees can be automated with the method of identifying linguistic markers of emotivity to determine the communicative position of territorial authorities. The suggested methodology for effective automation of the studied subject area in the humanities has been verified as possessing a high scientific potential for further research. It is concluded that the development of technology for monitoring and forecasting public threats based on “soft power” methods through automatic and expert work to identify markers of evaluative presentation of communicative types of municipal employees is designed to help regional authorities achieve the desired results in ensuring territorial identity.
Potential of Machine Translation in Museum Media Discourse: Analysis of Modern Browser Systems
Authors: Mityagina Vera , Novozhilova Anna , Naumova Anna
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the actual problems of neural machine translation optimization, which are caused by the inclusion of multilingualism in the functionality of online resources for providing equal access to information for all users. The results of analyzing the machine translation of English-, German- and French-language content of museums’ media discourse into Russian are based on the usage of built-in browser systems from Yandex, Google and Microsoft. The selection of fragments for comparative analysis is carried out taking into account the random choice of the source language by users. The functional capabilities of machine translation systems, optimized by neural network technologies, are viewed as denotative equivalence provision, correct transference of the majority of proper names and adequate actualization of the lexical units meanings with their reference to the context. Several cases stated that browser-based translators used correspondences without taking into account the context, linguacultural tradition, pragmatic meaning of language units, which demonstrates the limited capabilities of these systems to create an adequate, stylistically and discursively designed translation. It is established that the greatest difficulty lies in the translation of isolated nominations (section names, language selection buttons, etc.), which indicates a high level of artificial intelligence involved in machine translation systems, that imitate humans in their mandatory desire to obtain a context that actualizes the meaning of a word.
Interpreting Metaphorical Language: A Challenge to Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Skrynnikova Inna
Published: December 2024

In recent years, numerous studies have pointed to the ability of artificial intelligence (AI) to generate and analyze expressions of natural language. However, the question of whether AI is capable of actually interpreting human language, rather than imitating its understanding, remains open. Metaphors, being an integral part of human language, as both a common figure of speech and the predominant cognitive mechanism of human reasoning, pose a considerable challenge to AI systems. Based on an overview of the existing studies findings in computational linguistics and related fields, the paper identifies a number of problems associated with the interpretation of non-literal expressions of language by large language models (LLM). It reveals that there is still no clear understanding of the methods for training language models to automatically recognize and interpret metaphors that would bring it closer to the level of human “interpretive competencies”. The purpose of the study is to identify possible reasons that hinder the understanding of figurative language by artificial systems and to outline possible directions for solving this problem. The study suggests that the main barriers to AI’s human-like interpretation of figurative natural language are the absence of a physical body, the inability to reason by analogy and make inferences based on common sense, the latter being both the result and the cognitive process in extracting and processing information. The author concludes that further improvement of the AI systems creative skills should be at the top of the research agenda in the coming years.
To the Reading of the Greek Novgorod Birchbark Letter No. 552
Authors: Shchavelev Aleksei
Published: December 2024

The paper proposes a clarification of the reading of the only birchbark letter No. 552 written in Greek. The correct (in general) reading of this text, proposed in the publication of the letter and accepted in the historiography, nevertheless raises a number of questions that make it reconsidered by the methods of paleography and communication aim interpretation. According to the results of the analysis, it is assumed that letter No. 552 is a memorable note by the icon painter Olisej Petroviм Greмin, who indicated that on the icon it was necessary to paint St. Mercurius precisely in the image of a holy warrior, but not in the image of a martyr. All the words in this mini-text stand in the nominative case; it uses three ligatures and two end-of-word contractions. Judging by the brevity combined with the elegance of the execution, this entry “for myself” is a Greek autograph of the Olisej Greìin.
Eastern Glass in the Byzantine Material Culture of Sugdeja of the Second Half of the 13th Century
Authors: Maiko Vadim
Published: December 2024

Introduction. One of the important components of the material culture of Sugdeja in the second half of the 13th – beginning of the 14th century is glassware, the production center of which is localized in the cities of the Middle East, Transcaucasia, and Byzantium. It is one of those components of the complex of finds that unite the material culture of Sugdeja and other provincial Byzantine cities of the second half of the 13th century. Small amounts of glassware were also found during excavations of other large urban centers of Taurica. The source base of the work is all glass vessels recorded during ground and underwater excavations in Sugdeja and the village Novy Svet, occurring, including from closed complexes. This is important for finding out the frequency of finds. However, in this case, only reliably definable fragments are used. Despite individual publications, they were not analyzed in the complex. Methods and materials. Standard methods of comparative morphological and stylistic analysis were used. Analysis. The use of the most complete source base allows for the first time to estimate the approximate volume of imports of glass products into the medieval city of the eastern part of the Crimean Peninsula during the third quarter of the 13th – the first quarter of the 14th century. Results. The obtained data make it possible to confidently compare all the findings used in the work with well-known groups of glass products. At the same time, we can reasonably talk about the predominance of certain types. This serves as a reliable argument in favor of the assumption that most of the glass products were not personal property but the subject of trade imports, along with glazed ceramics and other goods.
Abba Daniel of Scetis. I. Abba Daniel from Scetis (BHG 2100) and the Abba Mark the Fool (BHG 2255) (Introduction, Translation from Greek and Commentary by Anton A. Voytenko)
Authors: Voytenko Anton
Published: December 2024

The publication is a translation into Russian (and commentary) of two tales from the Greek/ Byzantine version of the collection concerning Daniel of Scetis (BHG 2100; BHG 2255). In addition to the Greek version, the tales from the collection survive (in different files) in Coptic (Bohairic), Ethiopian (Ge’ez), Syriac, Armenian, Georgian, Latin and Old Church Slavonic. The introduction to the translation outlines the problems facing the researcher of these texts. The main ones are: 1) determination of the initial phase of the tales; 2) the primary composition of the collection; 3) the confessional affiliation of Daniel, the “abbot of Scetis”; 4) the texts traditions in different areas of the Christian world. The author of the publication puts forward a number of new statements. From his point of view, the most effective method of compositional studies of the collection is the analysis of literary forms, or Formgeschichte. Studies of literary forms suggest that initially the tales of Eulogius the Stonecutter (BHG 618) and of the patrician Anastasia (BHG 79–80) were added to the “story of Daniel” (BHG 2100). At the second stage of the cycle’s formation, it most likely included “Alexandrian” tales (Mark the holy fool (BHG 2255), on the blind man (BHG 2102), on Thomaïs (BHG 2453)) and the story concerning a nun pretending to be a drunkard (BHG 2101). The final stage of the main “core” formation of the collection was an addition of the account concerning Andronicus and Athanasia (BHG 121–122). The author of the publication also proposes a classification of the manuscript tradition, reflecting the cultural adoption of the collection in different areas of the Christian world: 1) the tradition of apophthegmata; 2) the Vita tradition; 3) the Menaion tradition. Among all three types, only the Vita tradition, which took place among the Copts and Ethiopians, demonstrates a desire for further “integration” of texts. The most “centrifugal” tradition is the Menaion one, especially in the Byzantine area, where the original version of a tale (for example, of the patrician Anastasia) could be subject to significant literary treatment. The Russian translation is based on the publication by B. Dahlman (Uppsala, 2007). The commentary takes into account the notes to the English translations by B. Dahlman and by T. Vivian – D. Wortley (Kalamazoo/MI, 2008).
The Practice of Counted Prayers in Early Monasticism as a Form of Unceasing Synaxis
Authors: Patrin Viacheslav
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The texts of early Egyptian monasticism contain information about the practice of counted prayers. In some cases, these counted prayers are presented as a form of incessant prayer. However, it is difficult to understand today what is meant in the Lausiac History by fifty, one hundred, three hundred, or seven hundred prayers. In the scientific literature, three respected scholars of the early monastic tradition – Adalbert Voguet, Gabriel Bunge, and Armand Veilleux – have formed the position that those counted prayers weren’t psalms and signify prayer moments or pauses during monastic manual labor. In our work we will present a critique of this position. Methods and analysis. On the basis of terminological and typological analysis of the prayer practice of Egyptian monks, we will give arguments that the counted prayers should be understood as exactly the psalms that were said in combination with prayers and that the counted prayers were the form of monastic synaxis performed separately from other activities. Results. Our study has shown that the counted prayers were an alternative way of realizing the idea of unceasing prayer in relation to the practice of the unceasing short prayer in the form of unceasing synaxis. In the period of early monasticism, the unceasing synaxis was practiced not only by the Euchite monks but also by the respected Egyptian ascetics. In the future, unceasing synaxis became the basis of the ascetic practice of the Acoemetae monks of Constantinople; therefore, our work in general may be useful for research on forms of unceasing prayer in Eastern monasticism.
Upper and Lower Churches on Mount Anakopia: Experience of Virtual Reconstruction of Architectural Decoration
Authors: Endoltseva Ekaterina , Bystritskiy Nikolay , Dryga Daniil , Kazennova Liubov , Karnaushenko Alexander , Karnaushenko Ella
Published: December 2024

Introduction. The article is devoted to the virtual reconstruction of two churches on Mount Anakopia in the Republic of Abkhazia. The project to create three-dimensional models of two churches was preceded by a long period of study of sources of various kinds (archaeological, ethnographic, historical, iconographic, etc.) using complex research methods (iconographic and stylistic analysis, etc.). Methods and materials. In the summer of 2023, additional field research was carried out (ground-based photogrammetric survey, aerial photography, terrestrial laser scanning, etc.). As a result of photogrammetric processing, a surface triangulation model of the Upper and Lower Church, as well as orthophotomaps and digital models of their surfaces, were obtained. Analysis. The data obtained made it possible to create three-dimensional models of the Upper and Lower Churches, as well as, separately, fragments of their architectural decoration. Results. The appearance of these churches was typical of small temple buildings in mountainous regions or fortresses in the Caucasus, starting from the second half of the 10th century. It combined the features of the “severe” style characteristic of western and central Georgia, South Ossetia, etc. (for example, two churches in Akhalsopeli (near the Trialeti range, Kvemo Kartli) and others, Ubisi (Imereti), Armaz, in fragments – Nadarbazev, Kasagina, Kvaisa, etc.) and decorative motifs that were spreading throughout the territories of the Byzantine Empire from the Greek provinces (workshops of Thebes, Skripou, Peloponnese) and Asia Minor (woven ribbon ornaments, as, for example, on the altar barriers from Hosios Loukas), starting from the 9th century.
Caffa’s Shipboard Societies in a Crisis Situation in the 14th Century
Authors: Emanov Alexander
Published: December 2024

The article deals for the first times with the shipboard societies in the outermost periphery of the Latin Romania in global crisis of 14th century, is analyzed the collection of Caffa’s notarial acts from 1343–1344, 1371, 1381–1382 and 1394–1395, are involved Roman civil law of Justinian, Greek names and toponyms databases, “Digital Tabula Imperii Byzantini”, Greek sailors graffiti, are very significant changes in the activities of the shipping communities – increase the role of Greeks as vessels patrons; appearance of women among ship owners, that it was impossible in the preceding centuries; sailing without owner; possibility of implementing life of Greek fisherman and other. The method of case study was used for the research; the cases were “ship under a women”, “women’s ship”, “Pontic ship”, “ship without owner”, “fisherman’s property”.
A Visigoth Chief Alaric and the Sack of Rome by the Visigoths in 410 AD as Viewed in the “Chronicle” of John of Nikiu: Narratives of a Catastrophe or Religion-Political Clashes?
Authors: Mekhamadiev Evgeniy
Published: December 2024

A Coptic bishop of the city of Nikiu in the Nile Delta John of Nikiu (the second half of the 7th c. AD) is famous for his only text – “Chronicle”, which is narrating about events from the Creation to the 640s, but it’s hard to treat the genre peculiarities of this work. Anyway, John intensively used the works of Greek-speaking church historians of the first half of the 5th c., that of Socrates Scholasticus and Hermias Sozomenos, in this way, a comparison of their evidence will enable not only to scan genre features of John’s “Chronicle”, but also to represent special points of his world-view. To make this comparison, the author of present paper chose an event prominent for the Late Roman Empire – a sack and capture of Rome by Visigoth chief Alaric in 410 AD. Describing Alaric’s deeds, John paid main attention not to plunders and destructions made by Goths in Rome, but to plots of the Senators against West Roman Emperor Honorius (395–423), while Greek church historians (including even Arian Philostorgius) depicted in depth strictly a siege and plundering of Rome. In this way, the author of the paper attempts to clear, why John neglected a meaning of destructions made by Alaric in Rome. In contrast to Greek historians, John doesn’t label Alaric as barbarian, he even doesn’t think on capture of Rome as on turning-point and tragic event, to John’s view it’s a routing event happened in the frameworks of political clashes and strife within West Roman Empire. What is most essential is that John doesn’t see in Rome’s capture a sign of God’s Providence, Alaric for him is a tool only of political clash between the Senators and the Emperor. To sum up, John actively combined traditions of two genres – secular and church history-writing, his work may be assessed not as chronicle as such, but rather as a mixture of church and secular (pagan) histories.
COMPUTING THE LOCAL QUALITY CHARACTERISTIC OF TETRAHEDRAL MESH ELEMENTS AS A SOLUTION EXTREME TASK
Authors: Igumnov Alexander
Published: December 2024

The paper discusses the problem of calculating the quality characteristic of elements of a triangulation grid (in multidimensional space). We call quality the degree of difference between a mesh element in a sense critical. For example, the difference between a triangle and a degenerate triangle. To calculate this value, the following construction is used. Mesh element vertices are treated as a numbered set of 𝑋 — points point family. In the space of such sets, the metric proposed in early works is introduced. As a result, the problem boils down to calculating the value of dist(𝑋,𝒴) — the distance between a set 𝑋 and a set 𝒴 defined by critical elements. In early works, the problem was solved through the empirical classification of families 𝑌 ∈ 𝒴 and excluding those that are not known to be closest to 𝑋. Namely, such that the offset some point in the 𝑌 family is given by the 𝑌 ′ ∈ 𝒴 family, which is closer to 𝑋. At the same time, empirical classification led to a large amount of calculations. This work gives a standardized classification of the families of the set 𝒴, allowing you to accurately describe the set of 𝒴− ⊂ 𝒴 of such families for which The specified conversion is not possible. That is, 𝒴− is approved dist(𝑋,𝒴) = dist(𝑋,𝒴−) . In addition, a diagram is given for constructing families of the set 𝒴− — analogues of the points of the assumed extremum in the extremum research problem of the function of numerical variables.
METHOD OF INTEGRAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN SOLVING THE PROBLEM OF DETECTING SMALL VEHICLES IN IMAGES
Authors: Klyachin Aleksey , Klyachin Vladimir
Published: December 2024

The article proposes a method for forming a set of features on images based on three integral transformations: the Radon transform, the Steklov function and the Fourier transform. Using a discrete analog of these transformations, the values that form a set of features are calculated. Depending on the transformation parameters, the number of features can be changed. We selected the values of these parameters such that the number of features is 903. The use of this approach in solving the problem of detecting small-sized, and therefore poorly visible, vehicles in video images is shown. In addition, we have developed an improved version of the least squares method based on processing the obtained features using some transformations of the labels of the training set of images. The main essence of this method is to perform an affine transformation of the label value into a small neighborhood of its original value. A priori estimates show a decrease in the approximation error using the least squares method. The paper also shows a comparison of the developed approach with convolutional neural networks. This comparison allows us to say that it is not much inferior to them in such an indicator as the percentage of correct predictions. At the same time, in terms of prediction execution time, the method presented in the article works 3-4 times faster depending on the model used. In the practical part of the work, software tools from the OpenCV, Keras and Scikit-learn libraries were used.
EFFICIENCY OF PARALLEL COMPUTATIONS OF GRAVITATIONAL FORCES BY TREECODE METHOD IN 𝑁-BODY MODELS
Authors: Kuzmin Nikolay , Sirotin Danila , Khoperskov Alexander
Published: December 2024

Modeling of collisionless galactic systems is based on the 𝑁-body model, which requires large computational resources due to the long-range nature of gravitational forces. The most common method for calculating gravity is the TreeCode algorithm, which provides a faster calculation of the force compared to the direct summation of contributions from all particles for 𝑁-body simulation. An analysis of the computational efficiency is performed for models with the number of particles up to 108. We considered several processors with different architectures in order to determine the performance of parallel simulations based on the OpenMP standard. An analysis of the use of extra threads in addition to physical cores shows an increase in simulation performance only when all logical threads are loaded, which doubles the total number of threads. This gives an increase in the efficiency of parallel computing by 20 percent on average.
FULLY ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR THE FIRST SPECTRAL MOMENT OF A FLUOROPHORE IN SOLUTION
Authors: Ermolenko Igor , Mikhaylova Tatyana , Mikhaylova Valentina
Published: December 2024

One of the common methods for assessing the solvation dynamics of a fluorescent system in a polar medium is the analysis of the first spectral moment behavior. So there is a need to build a model that takes into account important physical processes and at the same time is not demanding in terms of calculations. In this paper, an approach is proposed that considers the parameters of the exciting laser pulse and intramolecular vibrational relaxation for constructing the solvation dynamics. A method for building an analytical solution for the dynamics of the first spectral moment is presented. This model is free of numerical methods using, and it is a simple construction built by basics functions and an additional error function. The influence of all key parameters on the system relaxation is illustrated. It is shown that delocalization in time of the pump pulse suppresses the oscillatory behavior of the first moment and hides information about the damped intramolecular mode. The similar effect is also observed with the diffusion and inertial processes contribution insreasion to the reorganization energy at early stages of relaxation. The presented model can be generalized to take into account quantum transitions between vibrational sublevels of high-frequency intramolecular vibrations.
LINEAR DYNAMICS OF ACOUSTIC INSTABILITY IN A NONEQUILIBRIUM GAS: STABILITY BOUNDARIES AND FORBIDDEN FREQUENCY REGIONS
Authors: Khrapov Sergey
Published: December 2024

The dynamics of small disturbances in a nonequilibrium vibrationally excited gas is considered. The wave and dispersion equations are obtained, describing the dynamics of acoustic modes in the linear approximation. The criteria for identifying physically correct solutions of the dispersion equation and determining the boundaries of the regions of forbidden frequencies of acoustic waves are formulated. These criteria allow us to exclude from consideration the regions of non-physical (“phantom”) solutions, in which the phase velocity of sound can become abnormally high and at certain frequencies turn to infinity. The dispersion properties of unstable sound waves are studied in detail, estimates of the increment are obtained, and the stability boundaries and zones of forbidden frequencies are determined depending on the degree of nonequilibrium of the medium, models of relaxation, heating and cooling. It is shown that at certain values of the degree of nonequilibrium of the medium and the dependence of the relaxation time and the cooling function on temperature and density, sound waves in a vibrationally excited gas are unstable. In this case, the acoustic increment reaches its maximum when the period of sound waves τ𝑠 is comparable with the relaxation time τ, and in the high-frequency region of the spectrum τ𝑠 ≲ τ, due to viscosity and thermal conductivity, stabilization of acoustic instability occurs.