bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis and grading of gliomas
Authors: Shukla Dhanwantari , Chandankhede Abhijeet R. , Sahoo Prafulla K.
Published: April 2022

Background: Low- and high-grade gliomas differ in clinical presentation, natural history, treatment outcome, prognosis, survival pattern, histopathological, immunohistochemical and biomolecular profiles. Accurate pre-operative prediction of histopathological grade of gliomas remains challenging, and is critical for making optimum management plan and prognosticating the disease beforehand to determine the most cost-effective therapeutic choice with the best patient outcome. This prospective observational study on 54 patients aims to determine accuracy of pre-operative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing and grading gliomas.Methods: Pre-operative grading of MRI-suspected gliomas was done by assigning scores of 0-2 to 9 criteria – midline crossing, perilesional edema, signal heterogeneity, intra-tumoral hemorrhage, tumor border definition, cystic/necrotic changes, mass effect, contrast enhancement and diffusion restriction. Total scores of 0-5, 6-9 and 10-18 were considered radiologically low, intermediate and high grades respectively and correlation with World Health Organization (WHO) grades I+II, III and IV respectively was determined.Results: MRI diagnosed 85.18% gliomas correctly. Pre-operative MR grading was 76-89% sensitive and 86-96% specific in predicting the histopathological grade of the gliomas. Signal heterogeneity and contrast enhancement had the highest whereas midline crossing and mass effect had the lowest correlation with histopathological grade.Conclusions: Pre-operative MRI is highly specific and somewhat less sensitive tool for grading gliomas pre-operatively. The diagnostic yield is higher for LGGs and GBMs, compared to anaplastic gliomas, probably due to their mixed or intermediate features.
Preoperative serum albumin as predictor of adverse outcome in emergency abdominal surgery
Authors: Ahmed Jishan , Sarma Nayan M.
Published: April 2022

Background: Serum albumin is a useful indicator of protein energy malnutrition, which may and may not be clinically apparent, but is linked to a significantly higher risk of morbidity and mortality. In this study, we assess the post-operative morbidity with relation to pre-operative albumin status, in patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery.Methods: In this hospital based observational study, 96 patients undergoing emergency abdominal surgery at Assam Medical College and Hospital were included. Hypoalbuminemia was diagnosed if serum albumin level was less than 3.5 gm/dl. Types of surgery and postoperative complications were included in the study. Any association between preoperative serum albumin level and postoperative morbidity was assessed. Study period was between May 2020 to May 2021.Results: Pre-operatively, 56 patients had hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin <3.5 g/dl) and 40 patients had normal albumin levels (≥3.5 g/dl). Out of 96 patients, 32 (33.3%) developed complications postoperatively. 25 patients (44.6%) out of 56 patients with hypoalbuminemia (with serum albumin <3.5 g/dl) had complications. 7 patients (17.5%) with albumin level ≥3.5 g/dl had complications. Surgical site infection was found in 7 (17.5%) cases with albumin >3.5 g/dl and 21 (37.5%) cases with less than 3.5 g/dl (p≤0.033). Wound dehiscence was found in 1 (2.5%) case with >3.5 g/dl serum albumin against 9 (16.1%) cases with less than 3.5 g/dl (p≤0.031). Mean length of hospital stay was found to be higher i.e. 9.73±4.85 days in patients with hypoalbuminemia, compared to 6.45±3.31 days with those having albumin level ≥3.5 g/dl.Conclusions: Preoperative albumin is a useful low-cost prognostic predictor for predicting surgery outcome.
Role of magnetic resonance imaging in detection of metastatic axillary lymph nodes in breast cancer patients
Authors: Singh Rohit , Arora Bhavinder Kumar , Pal Vijay , Mittal Gourav , Shekhawat Monika
Published: April 2022

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging has been evolved as a very important tool in diagnosing the axillary lymph nodes pre-operatively. In recent studies, in women with various risk profiles, the sensitivity ranges between 81% and 100%, which is approximately twice as high as the sensitivity of mammography. Methods: This prospective study was performed at PGIMS, Haryana from December 2018 to March 2020. Total 30 patients (n=30) were included in the study. All the patients presenting with clinically palpable breast lump, underwent triple assessment test. All the patient underwent modified radical mastectomy and the final histopathological report of the specimen was then compared with the preoperative clinical and MRI assessment of the metastatic axillary lymph nodes. Results: This study aimed at detection of axillary lymph node metastasis in breast malignancies by breast MRI. The sensitivity of this MRI came to be about 80.00%, specificity of about 80%, positive predictive value of about 95.24%, negative predictive value of about 44.44% and accuracy of about 80.0% with 95% confidence interval.Conclusions: Magnetic resonance imaging is a very important investigation in detection of breast malignancies, their depth, muscles and skin involvement as well as axillary lymph node detection. Axillary lymph nodes can although be detected by clinical examination, but problem lies in their sensitivity and specificity as axillary lymph nodes of small size cannot be detected by clinical examination.
Pulmonary function changes in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Authors: Wazir Jaiparam Singh , Gupta Ashok Kumar , Mushtaq Umer , Pandey Rakesh , Peer Javid Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Background: Cholecystectomy, surgical removal of the gallbladder, is one of the most common elective procedures performed by general surgeons.Upper abdominal operations may induce postoperative restrictive ventilatory defects. They are more pronounced in open procedures, yet also seen in laparoscopic ones cholecystectomy.Methods: This observational study entitled “pulmonary function changes in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy” was conducted after clearance from board of studies and ethical committee in the department of general surgery, Sharda hospital, school of medical sciences and research (Greater Noida) during the period 2019-2021. The study population has been calculated by using G-power software with 80% of the power and 5% of the significance level. The total sample size was determined to be 100 patients.Results: The study population consisted of 34 (34.0%) belonged to 19-30 years. There were 23 (23.0%) males and 77 (77.0%) females among study population. The mean forced vital capacity (FVC) (L), FEV1 (L), FEV1/FVC (%), FEF 25-75 (L) and SpO2 was compared between Pre-operative and post-operative using the paired t test. Mean FVC (L), FEV1 (L), FEV1/FVC (%), FEF 25-75 (L) and SpO2 decreased significantly from pre-operatively to post-operatively.Conclusions: To conclude my study, it has been observed that pulmonary function variables (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, FEF-25-75%) were significantly impaired after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Lateral pancreatico-jejunostomy: a case series
Authors: Bhatwal Aaditya S. , Patil Amit J. , Shirole Nikhil U. , Bhatwal Pallavi A. , Bhatwal Shriram R.
Published: April 2022

Chronic pancreatitis and tropical pancreatitis lead to frequent abdominal pain. To reduce this pain, lateral pancreaticojejunostomy (LPJ) is the most common surgical procedure. Despite the evidence available for the effectiveness of surgical therapy, the decision for indication, type, and timing of surgical intervention is always been debated. In this case series we make an attempt to define the possible timing of the procedure and the category of patients who might benefit from it. The 14 out of 65 patients who were evaluated from July 2018 to December 2021 were included in this study. All patients were observed with pain in the abdomen, weight loss, steatorrhea, and malabsorption while none of the patients had pancreatic head mass as per cross-sectional imaging. Fourteen patients with confirmed chronic atrophic pancreatitis with severe symptoms and dilatation of the pancreatic duct were operated upon. Three of these were considered failures since they continued to have no weight gain and either pain or malabsorption. The failures were mainly due to impaired pancreas due to chronic disease and not due to failure of the procedure. Chronic pancreatitis cases, with a short duration of illness, have a better chance of success in surgery. We conclude that one can resort to LPJ in cases that do not respond to medical therapy, continue to suffer from pain, malabsorption, and weight loss. It is a relatively safe procedure that provides good pain relief with low postoperative morbidity, further preventing exacerbations and maintaining appropriate pancreatic exocrine and endocrine functions.
Traumatic abdominal intercostal transdiaphragmatic hernia: a case report and literature review
Authors: Tang Hannah N.
Published: April 2022

Abdominal intercostal herniations are a rare entity where abdominal contents herniate through the intercostal space with or without diaphragmatic rupture. Because they are rare, there is little literature to support how they should be treated, conservatively or surgically, and if surgically, what techniques provide the best outcome. This case illustrated the potential for good recovery post-surgical repair of a traumatic intercostal hernia and suggests a guideline used to determine surgical technique.
An isolated left diaphragmatic injury due to blunt trauma abdomen: a rare case entity
Authors: Juneja Preeti , Anand Gautam , Nagpal Ashutosh , Mukund Mangarai , Kumar Rahul , Meena Sanjay
Published: April 2022

Isolated diaphragmatic injury in blunt trauma occurs acutely and can be associated with other life-threatening organ injuries. A sudden increase in abdominal pressure causes injury in the membranous or muscular part of the diaphragm. Isolated left diaphragmatic injury after blunt trauma is rarely seen, its diagnosis can be overlooked frequently. Early diagnosis is the most important step in the treatment thereby reducing morbidity and mortality. The most critical point during the diagnosis is the suspicion for clinical diaphragm injury like respiratory distress. Single or serial plain chest radiographs with a high index of suspicion are diagnostic in most cases. Computed tomography of the abdomen and thorax can be a guide for identifying the size of diaphragmatic injury and the contents. In this case report, we presented an isolated left side diaphragmatic rupture after blunt abdominal trauma and treated with an urgent surgical operation.
Right hepatic artery: primum discere anatomia-first, learn anatomy
Authors: Aher Nakul Babanrao , Thakur Ejaz Abdul Gafoor
Published: April 2022

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the most commonly performed surgical procedure and considered as the gold standard treatment of gallstone disease. However, the overall rate of complications like injury to bile duct and hepatic artery in LC remains higher than that seen in open cholecystectomy. Hence complete knowledge of the anatomy and anatomical relationship of biliary tree and liver plays a key role in the laparoscopic hepatobiliary surgeries. Being an end artery, blood supply to the right lobe of the liver solely depends on the right hepatic artery. Identification of variations in hepatic arterial anatomy is important in the planning and performing of hepatobiliary surgeries varying from simple LC to pancreaticoduodenectomy. In the current study, the authors referenced laparoscopic dissection results to examine another rare case showing "anterior" relationship of aberrant right hepatic artery (ARHA) with the common hepatic duct having clinically important implications in LC. The objective of this study is to highlight the importance of learning anatomy as the first step for a successful surgery and with the help of this case contribute to existing knowledge of the right hepatic artery to improve surgical safety.
A retrospective, non-interventional, electronic medical record based real world data analysis in patients suffering from pruritus in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Kalra Sanjay , Mittal Asit , Vyas Kapil , Rathod Roheet Mohan , Rathod Rahul , Bhagat Seema Vikas , Mane Amey , Hawelia Dinesh Kumar , Basu Utsa , Shah Snehal
Published: April 2022

Background: There is limited data highlighting the association of pruritus with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This was the first Electronic Medical Record (EMR) based real-world observational study on the demographics, clinical characteristics, associated risk factors and treatment(s) of pruritus in T2DM in India.

Methods: EMR data of patients was retrospectively analysed with a baseline (V1) visit and two or more follow-up visits between June 2014-December 2019.

Results: Majority of patients were 40-64 years old and mainly females (57%). Body mass index and co-morbidity data indicated a trend of obesity and hypertension. Observed HbA1c values were high (mean value of 9%). Majority of the patients were on hydroxyzine. Miconazole, fluconazole and corticosteroids were prescribed in 40% patients. Correlation between HbA1c levels with clinical pruritus was noted.

Conclusions: Management of glycaemia along with timely dermatological intervention is needed for pruritus relief in T2DM, the use of antihistamines; in particular, hydroxyzine, should be further evaluated.
Fintech en América Latina y el Caribe: un ecosistema consolidado para la recuperación
Authors:   Finnovista,   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo,   BID Invest
Published: April 2022

Este informe muestra cómo el ecosistema Fintech de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) ha evolucionado y crecido en los últimos tres años. El número de plataformas creció vertiginosamente a una tasa de 112% desde nuestra última medición en 2018, para llegar a 2482 al cierre de 2021. El número de fintech se relaciona con el tamaño de las economías y su desarrollo regulatorio, entre otros factores: 80% de ellas se concentra en Brasil (31%), y México (21%), Colombia (11%), Argentina (11%) y Chile (7%). Las cifras muestran la diversidad de segmentos fintech: Pagos y Remesas (23%) y Préstamos (18%), Tecnologías Empresariales para Instituciones Financieras (14%), Gestión de Finanzas Empresariales (10%) y Personales (7%) lideran en la región. Evidentemente, las plataformas atienden problemáticas urgentes en la región como inclusión financiera y la atención a grupos como las mujeres. La inversión en plataformas fintech aumentó significativamente para llegar a más de US$1600 millones en 2021, mostrando el potencial del crecimiento del sector en ALC. Por primera vez se incluye un resumen de regulación para cinco segmentos fintech y dos tipos de innovaciones regulatorias, mostrando el avance en políticas públicas en la región, acompañado de una útil herramienta interactiva.
Exposing White Fragility and White Emotionalities in Hello Privilege. It’s Me, Chelsea
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi Mary , Demoiny Sara B. , King LaGarrett , Simmons Greg
Published: April 2022

In a society steeped in media, teacher educators receive an education inside and outside the classroom. Thus, we aim to engage in critical race media literacy through an analysis of Hello Privilege. It’s Me, Chelsea. We do so through a frame of white fragility (DiAngelo, 2011) and white emotionalities (Matias, 2016). In this article, we argue that it is vital to disrupt and challenge notions of white supremacy and whiteness by highlighting examples of white fragility and white emotionalities in the media to make visible what often operates as invisible in society.
Groundwater Quality and Sustainability Evaluation for Irrigation Purposes: A Case Study in an Arid Region, Iraq
Authors: Khudair Marwa Yass , Kamel Ammar Hatem , Sulaiman Sadeq Oleiwi , Al Ansari Nadhir
Published: April 2022

Water resources are of great importance in the world's agriculture, especially regarding the scarcity of these resources. That calls for attention appropriate for analysis, study, and research in all issues and aspects that would contribute to the development and maintenance of those resources and achieve the maximum possible levels of quality and efficiency of use. The study was conducted during the fall season of 2020 to study groundwater quality (well water) in the city of Al-Qaim of Anbar Province to explain its suitability for agricultural exploitation in the region. The study included seven sites in Al-Qaim (Rtemi, Medicis, Eastern Akash, Okesha, Sawab, Albu-Hayat, and Al-Karah) to assess the validity of irrigation. The pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), positive ions (K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+), and negative ions (HCO3, Cl-2, SO4) and CO3 were measured. The results showed that the studied well water is acceptable for irrigation purposes in terms of pH value, as for the electrical connection, it was six wells within the class (C2), which is adequate for irrigation for medium-salty crops, except for one well, which is a fine well within class C3 suitable for irrigation of high salinity crops. The total hardness values were low and did not pose any risk; as for the positive and negative ions, they were within the permissible limits within the specified classifications. By measuring the positive ions, the Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) value was calculated and determined to be within the class S1, which means that the groundwater in the region is suitable for irrigation.
Condition of Plantation and Development Strategy of Sago Garden
Authors: Timisela Natelda R. , Siahaya Willem A. , Hehanussa Maria M. , Polnaya Febby J.
Published: April 2022

Sago plants in Indonesia have great potential, such as a very large area, a high source of carbohydrates, high productivity, and can be used as various kinds of derivative products. Sago is a local specific food ingredient in Maluku. Especially people in rural areas consume sago as a staple food. This study aims to determine plantations' condition and sago gardens' development strategy in Sumber Agung Village, East Seram Regency, Maluku Province. The research sample is determined by purposive sampling because farmers desire and are willing to organize sago forests into sago gardens. The number of samples is 80 respondents. The results show that the sago garden is located in an area with Alluvial Plain physiography with choppy microrelief so that there are sporadic spreading basins that cause puddles. The height of this garden's location ranges between 25-35 m above sea level, with a slope varying between 0-3%. This microrelief condition results in a puddle of water, but this puddle is temporal, where the pool occurs during the rainy season and sometime after the rainy season. The people of Sumber Agung Village, who are very, welcoming friendly, and open to developing innovations in the management of sago gardens, are important to preserve Sago in the future. The transmigration community in Sumber Agung Village supports the structuring of sago gardens. This is evidence of ethnic diversity, but concern for Sago is grave. This is good because Maluku is famous for local sago food, so sago forests need to be organized into representative and sustainable sago gardens. The community's perception of factors towards the development of sago plantations shows that the convenience construct does not significantly affect the needs construct. While the aesthetics construct, the benefit significantly influences the needs to construct.
Benchmarking and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis Towards Developing a Sustainable Policy of Just in Time Production of Biogas in Nigeria
Authors: Okokpujie Imhade P. , Okokpujie Kennedy , Omidiora Oluwasegun , Oyewole Hannah O. , Ikumapayi Omolayo M. , Emuowhochere ThankGod O.
Published: April 2022

Biogas is currently one of the most researched forms of renewable energy carried out by researchers because of its potential in replacing fossil fuel usage and aiding carbon-neutral energy production and consumption. Biogas Production has been successfully implemented in developed countries, which has generated sustainable energy for human comfort. Many developing nations that seek to engage in the production of biogas tend to struggle with the process. This paper aims to review the existing literature on benchmarking and multi-criteria decision analysis in developing a sustainable policy of biogas production in Nigeria. It is worthy of knowing that as of now, Nigeria as a nation does not have a policy governing the production of Biogas. The Government needs to apply some strategic steps to have the policy to guide the day-to-day running and develop a biogas production system, to improve the economic instability of energy generation in Nigeria. This research also discusses some significant ways to develop a sustainable policy for the just-in-time production of Biogas in Nigeria. After a thorough review of other literature, the study concluded that benchmarking and multi-criteria decision analysis is constructive in developing sustainable policy that will govern biogas plants and their production in Nigeria.
The Scale Assessment and Validation of Microfinance Services and Household Socioeconomic Model: Using Parallel and Exploratory Factor Analyses
Authors: Abdullah W Muhammad Zainuddin B Wan , Zainudin Wan Nur Rahini Aznie Bt , Ismail Sarina Binti , Nawai Norhaziah , Zia-ul-haq Hafiz Muhammad
Published: April 2022

Households’ socio-economic outcomes are considered a significant component of sustainable development. In this regard, public and private organizations are constantly devising several microfinance and development strategies to tackle economic deprivation. There exists a conflict in the literature regarding the role of such a strategy in enhancing households’ socio-economic outcomes. In addition, researchers are also struggling to identify crucial factors that could improve poor households’ socio-economic performance. However, the lack of established measuring instruments for various microfinance and households’ socio-economic factors is the major hurdle in conducting quality research. Hence, this study intends to develop and validate measurements for microfinance and households’ socio-economic model. By employing an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Parallel Analysis as factor retention techniques, this research provides measuring constructs for microfinance financial services, business coaching, training programs, microfinance institutions’ efficiency, households’ entrepreneurial competencies, households’ financial management practices, and households’ socio-economic performance. Based on the results, it is proved that the developed instrument of the microfinance and households’ economic model is valid and reliable to be used in future related research.
Building Innovation Capability for the Sustainability of Rancabuaya Village Craft Weavers
Authors: Gumulya Devanny , Purba John Tampil , Hariandja Evo Sampetua , Pramono Rudy
Published: April 2022

The research studies how innovation capability can be nurtured within community of artisans through design tool development. Innovation capability has generated widespread interest both academically and practically. However previous works have mostly been performed at profit organizations with few discussed at community level, especially in artisans’ community who are struggling to create innovative product and have lost their competitiveness in the market. The research focusing on a unique case, Rancabuaya Village, Tangerang, Indonesia. The research used qualitative exploratory study design with single case study. Data collection methods used in the study were in-depth interviews, literature study and documentation. Innovation capability is key for long term sustainability and need to be nurtured in community sectors. To accelerate the innovation capability building process in informal setting, the study proposes a design tool to facilitate idea generation for new product development in community of artisans. The design tool is developed with design thinking process: empathize, define, ideation, prototyping and testing. The design tools as the study result are the bamboo and rattan idea book, a book consisting of a mood board and a compilation of different weaving patterns from each component of a weaving object. The book aims to foster the idea management and creativity within a community of artisans, two determinants that are found to be essential for building innovation capability. This research contributes on two main ways: first, it provides an understanding that nurturing innovation capability in community artisans setting necessitates strategic management initiatives such as: a product development strategy, an idea sharing system, and a collaborative culture, this has not been profoundly explored by the present literature; and second, it employs design thinking as an analytical framework that provides a human-centered approach to the process of building innovation capability and ensures that the tool developed is rooted in the needs of the artisan community.
Identifying and Evaluating the Reality of Projects Delivery Systems
Authors: AL-Saady Atheer M. , Rezouki Sedqi E.
Published: April 2022

The way a project is delivered has a significant impact on project outcomes. Design-build, design-Bid -build represents the most common methods of delivery of wastewater projects in Iraq. Each system comes with its own advantages and disadvantages that suit all different projects and under different circumstances. The purpose of this research is to identify the main and secondary factors affecting the method of delivering wastewater projects and to identify the potential risks of these different methods. The methodology used for identification is by reviewing the general literature and conducting personal interviews for employees working in the planning and implementation of wastewater projects, as well as a questionnaire distributed to 20 projects under implementation in Wasit Governorate / Iraq. The results of this research are summarized by identifying the main and secondary factors according to the relative importance of these factors, where the factors with relative importance less than) 65) % were neglected.
Europejski uniwersalizm w dobie kryzysów
Authors: Grosse Tomasz Grzegorz
Published: April 2022

The article presents a discussion on European universalism, the most important goal of which is to disseminate European values and ideas. Historically, universalism has been accompanied by a tendency towards economic and geopolitical expansion of the Western Europe great powers. The renaissance of European universalism took place along with the processes of European integration. A special condition for the revival of this universalism was, on the one hand, the strategy of left-wing intellectuals related to the rebuilding of political influence under the conditions of European integration. On the other hand, successive European crises provoked Eurosceptic moods, which prompted the pro-European elite to mobilize societies for the benefit of the European Union. The article discusses the latest version of European universalism, which was directed mainly inside the EU in order to counteract disintegration and to base the integration project more closely on European values.
Cognitive Evaluation of Conflict and Emotional Dimension of Adolescents’ Strategies for Coping With Social Conflict
Authors: Borecka-Biernat Danuta
Published: April 2022

The aim of the research was to cognitively appraise a conflict and provide an emotional reflection on the significance of the situation in triggering destructive and constructive coping strategies used by adolescents in a social conflict situation. The study used the Stress Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) by Włodarczyk and Wrześniewski, the Three-Factor Inventory of Personality States and Traits (TIPST) by Spielberger and Wrześniewski and the Questionnaire to study adolescents’ strategies of coping in a situation of social conflict (KSMK) by Borecka-Biernat. Empirical research was conducted in secondary schools and included 893 adolescents (468 girls and 425 boys) aged 13–15 years. Analysis of the research results shows that the situational appraisal of a conflict as a threat or the dispositional appraisal of a conflict as a harm/loss, as well as reacting to it with anger or fear, perceived as a temporary emotional state and as a learnt behavioural disposition, co-occurs with the tendency to react destructively to a conflict in adolescents.The research has also shown that an adolescent facing a conflict situation—but not appraising the situation dispositionally as a threat/loss and reacting to it with a learnt behavioural disposition to react with curiosity—will apply a constructive strategy to cope with the situation.
MODERN RUSSIAN PARLIAMENT: ASSESSMENT OF POLITICAL SIGNIFICANCE ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF INDEX ANALYSIS
Authors: Alexeev Roman A.
Published: April 2022

Aim. To assess the dynamics of the role and place of the parliament institution in the political system of modern Russia.Methodology. The main provisions of the amendments of the Constitution of the Russian Federation regarding the powers of the highest authorities are analyzed. The determination of the political significance of the post-Soviet parliament was assessed by index analysis of the dynamics of the full powers of the Federal Assembly chambers in the period from 1993 to the present day, taking into account the constitutional transformations of 2008, 2014 and 2020. The full powers of the parliament in these periods are compared to the indices of the functions of the head of state according to the method improved by the author to determine the form of government of O. I. Zaznayev.Results. It has been established that the total index of full powers of both chambers of parliament is significantly less than the presidential one, which clearly demonstrates the subordinate role of parliament in the system of public authority in post-Soviet Russia.Research implications. Measures are suggested to optimize the identified imbalance in the system of separation of powers in modern Russia, aimed at increasing the political significance of the chambers of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation.
Vezljivost kot pomensko-skladenjska organizacijska zmožnost neglagolskih besed
Authors: Žele Andreja
Published: April 2022

Poleg izhodiščne glagolske vezljivosti imamo tudi neglagolsko vezljivost zlasti pridevnikov in samostalnikov, in njihova vezljivostna razvitost se izraža pretežno v besednih zvezah. Pri neglagolski vezljivosti torej govorimo o pomenski zmožnosti besed uvajati razmerja (nasproti z družljivostjo, ki izraža zmožnost obstoja razmerja). Zaradi svojih razmerijskih pomenskih lastnosti lahko ti razmerijski pridevniki in samostalniki v rabi skladenjsko-pomensko zamenjujejo tudi glagole. V nasprotju s samostalniško vezljivostjo, ki izraža objektivno vrstno vrednotenje, pridevniška vezljivost uvaja pretežno subjektivno relativno vrednotenje. Na splošno se samostalniška razmerja vežejo na zunanje okoliščine in pridevniška razmerja na notranje okoliščine.
Ortaokul Türkçe Ders Kitaplarının Söz Varlığı: Özel Adlar
Authors: KEMİKSİZ Ömer
Published: April 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı söz varlığı unsurlarından biri olan özel adların ortaokul Türkçe ders kitaplarındaki kullanım sıklığını tespit etmektir. Tarama modelinde doküman incelemesiyle yürütülen araştırmanın inceleme nesnesini ortaokul kademesinde her sınıf düzeyinden ikişer olmak üzere toplam sekiz adet Türkçe ders kitabı oluşturmuştur. Bu ders kitaplarında yer alan 255 adet okuma/serbest okuma metni özel adlar bakımından incelenmiştir. İçerik analizi tekniğiyle tahlil edilen veriler “kişi ad ve soyadları”, “hayvanlara verilen özel adlar”, “yer adları”, “devlet adları”, “dinle ilgili adlar ve din/mezhep adları”, “millet adları”, “dil ve lehçe adları”, “kitap, dergi, gazete ve sanat eseri adları”, “tarihi olay, çağ ve dönem adları”, “kurum, kuruluş, kurul adları”, “yapı adları”, “gezegen ve yıldız adları”, “etkinlik ve özel gün adları” olmak üzere on üç kategori altında sınıflandırılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre özel adların 5. sınıf ders kitaplarında 678, 6. sınıf ders kitaplarında 784, 7. sınıf ders kitaplarında 1050, 8. sınıf ders kitaplarında 1062 kez tekrar ettiği, böylece özel ad sayısının 5. sınıftan 8. sınıfa kadar kademeli şekilde arttığı belirlenmiştir. Ders kitaplarında 3574 kez tekrar eden özel adlardan en sık kullanılanların “kişi ad ve soyadları” (f=1589) ile “yer adları” (f=863) olduğu, en fazla kullanılan isimlerin ise Türk (f=116), Mustafa Kemal (Atatürk) (f=107), Anadolu (f=97), İstanbul (f=85), Karagöz (f=79), Allah (f=56) ve Mimar Sinan (f=51) şeklinde sıralandığı tespit edilmiştir.
Yetişkin Ayrılık Anksiyetesinin, Ayrılık Anksiyetesi ile Beliren Yetişkinlikte Bireyleşme Düzeyi Arasındaki Aracı Rolü
Authors: FARAJİ Haydeh , ÖZEN Zehra Dilara
Published: April 2022

Ebeveyn-çocuk ilişkilerinde ayrılma-bireyleşme, bireylerin kendi başlarına ve başkalarıyla etkileşim içinde yeterince işlev görmelerini sağlayan kapasitelerin kazanılması anlamına gelir. Ayrılma bireyleşme evrelerinin sağlıklı bir şekilde tamamlanamaması, çocukta ayrılıp uzaklaştığı zaman, ebeveynini fiziken ve/veya ruhen bıraktığı şekilde bulamayacağı inancı nedeniyle ortaya çıkan kaygılı ve yapışmacı tutuma, ayrılık anksiyetesine, yol açmaktadır. Ayrılık anksiyetesi, temel bağlanmadan ayrılma durumu ya da beklentisiyle ortaya çıkan yoğun kaygı yaşantısıdır. Kişinin yaşamında 18-25 yaş aralığında ergenlik dönemi ile genç yetişkinlik dönemi arasında kalan dönem “beliren yetişkinlik” olarak ele alınmaktadır. Kişi bu dönemde bir yandan ailesine olan bağımlılığından sıyrılmaya başlamakta, ve çeşitli alanlarda bağımsızlıklar kazanmakta ancak öte yandan yetişkin sorumluluklarını da henüz tam anlamıyla üstlenememekte ve üstlenmeyi de istemeyebilmektedir. Kişinin beliren yetişkinlikteki bireyleşme düzeyini, erken dönem ve ergenlik döneminde ayrılma-bireyleşme süreçlerinin ne denli başarılı atlatılıp atlatılmadığı belirlerken; erken dönemde ve ergenlikte ayrılık anksiyetesi taşımak ayrılma bireyleşme süreçlerinin önündeki en büyük engel olmaktadır. Ebeveynlere yönelik zorlantılı bir bağlılık hatta bağımlılık sergilemeye neden olan ayrılma anksiyetesinin beliren yetişkinlikte de ayrılma ve bireyleşmeyi güçleştireceği düşünülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda çalışmamızın amacı beliren yetişkinlikte bireyin bireyleşme düzeyi ile çocuklukta ve yetişkinlikte yaşadığı ayrılık anksiyetesi arasındaki ilişkiyi ve özellikle çocukluk önemi ayrılık anksiyetesi ile yetişkinlik döneminde bireyleşme arasında yetişkinlik döneminde yaşanan ayrılık anksiyetesinin aracı rolünü incelemektir. Bu araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeli baz alınarak uygulanmıştır. Örneklem seçimi basit-rastgele örneklem seçimi türü kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini ülkemizdeki genç yetişkin bireylerden oluşurken, örneklemi İstanbul ilinde yaşayan 18-25 yaş arası, genç yetişkin, 300 bireyden oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılara demografik bilgi formu, Ayrılma Anksiyetesi Envanteri, Yetişkin Ayrılma Anksiyetesi Envanteri ve Beliren Yetişkinlikte Bireyleşme Ölçeği- Kısa Form uygulanmış, elde edilen veriler SPSS 25 progami ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucu elde edilen bulgular sonucu çocukluk dönemi ayrılık anksiyetesi ile bireyleşme arasında yetişkinlik dönemi ayrılık anksiyetesinin aracı rol üstlendiği belirlenmiştir.
Arşiv Belgelerine Göre II. Dünya Savaşı Öncesinde Almanya’dan Alınan Denizaltılar
Authors: UYANIKER Ferdi
Published: April 2022

II. Dünya Savaşı öncesinde Türk donanmasının savaşa hazır hale getirilmesi ve girilmesi muhtemel savaşta ülkenin savunulabilmesi için güçlü bir donanma oluşturulmasına çalışıldı. Bu süreçte, bir yarımada devleti olan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’nin elindeki donanmasının yetersizliği ortadaydı. Ayrıca Osmanlı Devleti’nden yeni kurulan Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’ne intikal eden donanma unsurları ve kara teşkilleri, ülkenin ihtiyaçlarını karşılamaktan uzaktı. Bununla birlikte bahsi geçen dönemde denizaltıların su üstü gemilerine karşı tartışmasız bir üstünlüğü vardı. Su üstü gemileri için hem denizaltıları tespit etmek hem de o dönemki silahlarla imha edebilmek çok zordu. Bu gerçeğin farkında olan Türk donanma personeli de donanmasını takviye etmek için ağırlığı denizaltılara vermek ve elindeki denizaltılara yenilerini eklemek istedi. Bu amaçla dünyanın en iyi denizaltı imalatçılarından olan Almanya’nın Germania Werft I. V. S. firmasına, “Ay Sınıfı” olarak isimlendirilen ve adları bizzat Cumhurbaşkanı Atatürk tarafından verilen Saldıray, Batıray, Atılay ve Yıldıray denizaltıları sipariş edildi. Bu çalışmada; denizaltıların alınmasına karar verilme süreci, sipariş edilmeleri ve imalat süreçleri ile maliyetleri hakkında özellikle Türk Deniz Kuvvetleri arşiv belgeleri kullanılarak açıklamalar getirilmeye çalışıldı. Elde edilen bilgiler bilimsel ve objektif bir bakış açısıyla işlendi. Çalışma konusunun muhteviyatının analiz, sentez ve eleştirel bakış açısına uygun olmadığı sonucuna varıldığı için konu daha çok didaktik bir anlatım metodu kullanılarak tarihi veriler ışığında akademik literatüre dahil edilmeye çalışıldı.
Kamu Kurumlarında Çalışan Uzman Personelin İş Tatmini ve İşgücü Devir Oranı
Authors: TOZLU Ahmet
Published: April 2022

İşyerindeki tatminsizliğin ve normalin üzerinde işten ayrılan kişi sayısına bağlı olarak oluşan yüksek işgücü devir oranının kamu kurumları açısından bazı olumsuz etkileri olacaktır. Bu olumsuzluklar ağırlıklı olarak kurumsal verimlilik, kurumsal istikrar, kurumsal imaj ve saygınlık ile çalışma ortamındaki huzur üzerinde görülecektir.
Türkiye’de kurumların stratejik hareket eden ve politika belirleyen birimleri merkez teşkilatta yer almaktadır. Bu beceriye sahip kurumlarda tarihsel olarak bu görevin genellikle merkezi uzman kadrolar tarafından yerine getirildiği görülmektedir. Zaman içerisinde sayıları artan kariyer uzman ve uzman yardımcılarının nüfusundaki esas genişleme 2011 yılında yapılan reform neticesinde olmuştur.
Ancak verimlilik temelinde yapılan bu hamle sonucu uzman yardımcısı ve uzman sayısı çok hızlı bir şekilde artmış; sürecin işleyiş ve kalitesinde de bir takım olumsuzlar gözlemlenmeye başlamıştır. Kariyer uzman ve uzman yardımcılarına yönelik gerçekleştirilen anket çalışması neticesinde hangi değişkenlerin işten ayrılma niyetini ve iş tatminini etkilediği tespit ve analiz edilmiştir. Anket çalışması 11 kamu kurumunda gerçekleştirilmiş; 354 kişiye ait eksiksiz ve hatasız anket formu analize tabi tutulmuştur. Çalışma kapsamındaki sonuçlara göre ekonomik, sosyal ya da psikolojik boyutu olan birçok faktör, çalışanların iş tatminlerini ve işten ayrılma niyetlerini düşük, orta ya da yüksek güçte etkilemektedir. Bu durum işten ayrılma niyeti için ve iş tatmini için iki ayrı model olarak da sistematik hale getirilmiştir. Söz konusu modeller “İşten Ayrılma Niyetinin Azaltılmasına Yönelik Kariyer Uzman Modeli” ve “İş Tatmininin Artırılmasına Yönelik Kariyer Uzman Modeli” olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Dolayısıyla kamu kurumlarının, kariyer uzman ve uzman yardımcılarına yönelik insan kaynakları politikalarına yön verirken analiz sonuçlarına dayalı oluşturulan bu modelleri dikkate almalarının faydasının olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Bayburt ve Yöresi Ağızlarındaki Bazı Arkaik Unsurlar
Authors: KÜRÜM Mesut
Published: April 2022

Sözcükler, bir dile ait maddi ve manevi değerleri bünyesinde taşıyan, bu değerlerin korunmasında önemli rol üstlenen dil ögelerindendir. Bir dilin yapısını anlayabilmek; genellikle o dilin ses, şekil ve söz varlığı ile ilgili eski özelliklerini barındıran “arkaik sözcükler”in iyi tahlil edilmesinden geçmektedir. Fransızca kökenli olan “arkaik” sözcüğünün farklı kaynaklarla farklı tanımları yapılsa da bu tanımların ortak yönü, arkaik olarak nitelendirilen sözcüklerin bugün artık ölçünlü dilde kullanımdan düşmüş olmasıdır. Bunun yanında arkaik unsurlar, gerek fonetik ve morfolojik açıdan gerekse söz varlığı açısından oldukça zengin bir görünüm sergilemekle birlikte dilin tarih boyunca geçirmiş olduğu değişim ve gelişmeleri de gözler önüne sermesi bakımından büyük önem taşır. Diğer bir ifadeyle arkaik sözcükler, dilin hem söz varlığının hem de gramer anlayışının tespitinde birçok ipucunu da bünyesinde barındırır.
Ölçünlü dilde kullanımdan kalkmış olan arkaik sözcükler, varlıklarını ağızlarda devam ettirir. Ölçünlü dilde kullanımdan düşmüş olan bu sözcüklerin varlıklarını ağızlarda devam ettiriyor olması, dil araştırmaları açısından ağız çalışmalarının kaynak olma özelliğini pekiştirmektedir. Bu bağlamda Türkiye Türkçesi ağızları, Türk dilinin tarihî gelişimi ve seyri içerisinde arkaik unsurlar yönünden oldukça zengin bir görünüm sergilemektedir. Çalışmada Türkiye Türkçesinin Doğu Grubu ağızları içinde yer alan, tarihin ilk dönemlerinden itibaren birçok medeniyet tarafından yerleşim yeri olarak kullanılan ve Çoruh Vadisi’nin önemli yerleşim yerlerinden biri sayılan Bayburt ve yöresi ağızları, arkaik unsurlar açısından değerlendirilmiştir.
Effects of Paeonol Sub-inhibitory Concentration on Streptococcus suis Biofilm and Expression of Virulence Genes
Authors: Gao Shuji , Li Jinpeng , Fan Qingying , Xue Bingqian , Zhang Xiaoling , Wang Yang , Wei Ying
Published: April 2022

Background: Streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen closely related to the respiratory tract of swine. Paeonol is a traditional Chinese medicine with antibacterial effect. This study demonstrated the effect of paeonol on biofilm formation and the expression of virulence factors of Streptococcus suis. Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of paeonol on Streptococcus suis was determined by double dilution method. Crystal violet staining method was used to determine the effect of paeonol on the biofilm formation. The effects of paeonol on the morphology and structure of Streptococcus suis biofilm were observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression levels of Streptococcus suis related virulence factors under sub-MIC (1/4 MIC, 1/8 MIC) paeonol. Result: The results showed the effect of 1/4 MIC and 1/8 MIC paeonol on biofilm formation and mature biofilm was significant (*P less than 0.05). Under the action of paeonol, the biofilm structure becomes sparse. qRT-PCR results showed that 1/8 MIC paeonol inhibits bacterial adhesion by up-regulating the expression of mrp virulence genes, thereby inhibiting the formation of Streptococcus suis biofilm.
Penerapan Etika Bisnis Islam Terhadap Bisnis Multi Level Marketing (MLM) Stokis Herba Penawar Al Wahida Indonesia (HPAI) Di Keppo Polagan Galis Pamekasan
Authors: Rahmah Widadatur , Hakim Lukmanul
Published: April 2022

Abstract:

Multi-Level Marketing (MLM) business is a business whose marketing strategy is tiered or tiered. The purpose of the tiered marketing is a marketing in which the sales force (stockist) not only gets a profit based on product sales, but also gets it based on the sales of other stockists who are recruited to become members. This MLM business is in great demand by the public, but recently a problem has arisen regarding the presence of the MLM business. People are victims of money games, unfair marketing strategies, giving product testimonials that are not real and there is an element of fraud that creates unrest in the community. One of the reasons for this is that business actors do not apply Islamic business ethics to their business operations. So many parties feel disadvantaged. Herba Penawar Al Wahida Indonesia (HPAI) is one of the sharia-based MLM businesses in Indonesia. HPAI sharia MLM is here as if to give an answer to the public that not all MLM businesses are detrimental. This study aims to determine marketing strategies and provide testimonials for HPAI MLM business products which are analyzed based on Islamic business ethics. The results of the study stated that the marketing strategy and giving HPAI product testimonials to consumers in general had implemented the five principles of Islamic business ethics. Among them are the principle of oneness, the principle of justice, the principle of free will, the principle of truth and the principle of responsibility.

Keywords: Islamic Business Ethic, Multi Level Marketing
Karakterisasi Fisik Komposit Plastik Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Berbasis Serat Alam Daun Pandan Laut (Pandanus tectorius) dan Aplikasinya sebagai Bahan Baku Casing pada Produk Elektronik
Authors: Nuryati Nuryati , Ningsih Yuliana , Huzairi Huzairi , Irawan Chairul
Published: April 2022

Komposit merupakan material yang terbentuk dari kombinasi antara dua atau lebih material pembentuknya yang terdiri dari matriks (perekat atau pengikat dan pelindung) dan filler (penguat). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan cara pembuatan komposit berbasis serat alam daun pandan laut sebagai pengisi serta menentukan karakteristik fisik komposit berbasis serat alam daun pandan laut. Pembuatan komposit melalui 4 tahapan yaitu pembuatan serbuk daun pandan laut, pembuatan fraksi selulosa, pembuatan matriks limbah plastik polyethylene terephthalate (PET), dan pembuatan atau pencetakan komposit. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian komposit memiliki kadar air yaitu 4,4% - 5,53%, densitas 0,50 g/cm3- 0,53 g/cm3,Â  porositas 11,67% - 18,03%, daya serap airÂ  13,03% - 60,12% dan biodegradabilitas 3,18%/hari -3,68%/hari. Penentuan karakterisasi komposit terbaik yang diperoleh yaitu jenis KPL 2 (20% filler selulosa daun pandan laut : 80% matriks pellet polyethylene terephthalate) karena memiliki kadar air, densitas, dan porositas yang sesuai SNI 01-4449-2006, sedangkan daya serap biodegradabilitas sesuai standar JIS A5905-2003. Kata Kunci: Pandan laut, komposit, selulosa, serat alam, casing.
Perilaku Konstruksi Jembatan Hutan Wisata Kawasan Konservasi Hutan Mangrove Bekantan Kota Tarakan Tahun 2021
Authors: Utomo Edy , Hutagamissufardal Hutagamissufardal
Published: April 2022

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui keadaan konstruksi jembatan Kawasan Konservasi Hutan Mangrove Bekantan (KKMB) Kota Tarakan dari pengaruh respon spektra gempa tahun 2021. Metode analisis menggunakan bantuan pemodelan software FEA yang dibuat pada 3 tahun kejadian, yaitu tahun 2009, 2021, dan 2030. Beberapa perubahan sifat material juga masuk dalam tahap pemodelan, seperti pertambahan nilai kuat tekan beton, perubahan dimensi tulangan besi, dan kejadian ekspansi beton akibat adanya fenomena korosi. Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2030 kemungkinan akan terjadinya kegagalan elemen konstruksi jembatan pada kondisi Kuat I adalah sebesar 2,19% dengan tingkat kerusakan 100% pada pilar-pilar jembatan. Sedangkan pada kondisi getaran gempa maksimum yang dimodelkan, diperkirakan akan terjadi kegagalan dari elemen konstruksi sebesar 6,94% dengan tingkat kerusakan 100% pada pilar dan beberapa balok-balok jembatan. Saat ini, kondisi jembatan masih masuk dalam kategori aman berdasarkan pertimbangan struktur pada kondisi pembebanan tetap. Apabila pengaruh spektrum gempa terjadi, maka pada tahun 2021, diperkirakan jembatan akan mengalami kegagalan sebesar 5,03% dengan dominan kerusakan terjadi pada pilar-pilar jembatan. Rehabilitasi atau revitalisasi diperlukan untuk mengurangi dampak kerusakan yang terjadi.Kata kunci: FEA, jembatan, mangrove, korosi, hutan wisata