bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FEATURES OF EVALUATION OF QUALITY OF PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF SPECIALISTS OF SOCIAL SPHERE
Authors: Kurilenko L. V. , Vokhrysheva M. G.
Published: November 2018

The social sphere, which includes such important components. as education, health care, the system of social protection of population, culture, makes serious demands on the level of training of specialists. This is due to the increasingly escalating contradictions between the social order of society for future specialists for the social sphere and the imperfection of their training system; the need to develop a quality system for training specialists for the social sphere and the lack of specific criteria for assessing the quality of training.
In the article the problem of professional training of specialists for the social sphere is investigated, its goals, tasks, and features are revealed, in particular, its mega-theoretical character and a practical orientation are named among the main ones. The problem of the quality of professional training of specialists for the social sphere is defined as a problem that requires careful study. For this purpose, the article provides a definition of quality, reveals the essence of the concept of the quality of education, which allows us to identify the dominant trends in assessing the quality of training specialists for the social sphere.
It is noted that the organic unity of intellectual, emotional, spiritual properties and qualities, communicative, technological, praxeological and other knowledge and skills that the future specialist is able to effectively implement in his professional activity is the main indicator of the quality of professional training of specialists for the social sphere. In addition, there are objective and subjective criteria for assessing the quality of professional training of specialists for the social sphere. The first include the real changes in the position of man, society as a whole, which they also estimated. Subjective criteria include an assessment of the quality of teachers activities and an assessment of the quality of the work of future students.
POSSIBILITY AND APPLICABILITY OF PSEUDO-RANDOM CODE FUNCTIONS IN IMPULSE-CODE SEISMIC CONCENTRATION TO OIL AND GAS SEISMOLOGY PROBLEM-SOLVING RESEARCH
Authors: Khasan R. E. , Kostrygin Yu. P.
Published: November 2018

The applicability of pseudo-random code functions in impulse-code seismic concentration to oil and gas seismology problemsolving has been assessed through the comparative analysis of correlation functions in  compliance with pseudo-random pulse sequences and linear change in pulse repetition sequences. The  research shows that the correlation functions’ main peaks spectrums of pseudo-random pulse sequences  are almost equal to the single impulses’ spectrums used for the sequences development. The given  circumstance reflects the general possibility of pseudo-random sequences applicability to oil and gas  seismology problemsolving. However, pseudo-random sequences are characterised by the increased  interference level of correlative transformation, which makes the use of pseudo-random code functions in oil and gas seismology inappropriate. It is noted that not only are impulsecode pseudo-random signals  characterised by high-amplitude correlation noise, but also all the other pseudo-random complex signals, e.g. random quasi-harmonic signals, contained in modern vibroseis management systems.
Avaliação da taxa de germinação de espécies arbóreas nativas para reabilitação de áreas impactadas por extração de argila em Marabá – PA
Authors: Nunes Jayane Santos , Knoechelmann Clarissa Mendes
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: Áreas degradadas são tipicamente caracterizadas por solos pobres , erodidos, com instabilidade hidrológica,produtividade reduzida, pouca diversidade biológica e alteração das características físicas e químicas. O solo pode sofrer erosões onde diversos podem ser os fatores responsáveis, que vão dos mais simples ao mais complexos. A atividade de extração de argila que implica na retirada da vegetação natural e intensa movimentação de solo, gera em alguns casos buracos que contribuem para o distúrbio da área, além de promover com a retirada de nutrientes , alta toxidez de metais no solo. A exploração de argila na cidade de Marabá tem causado uma série de impactos negativos ao meio físico, natural, facilitando o processo de erosão, e o solo apresenta-se erodido, com considerável quantidade de rejeitos, prejudicando também a microbiota do solo. Com esta problemática o projeto “Reabilitação de áreas impactadas por extração de argila através do uso de plantas arbóreas inoculada com fungos micorízicos”, convênio UFPA – Sindicato das Cerâmicas Vermelhas (SINDECERV), tem como objetivo a produção de mudas arbóreas nativas inoculadas com fungos micorrízicos. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a taxa de germinação das mudas das espécies arbóreas, acompanhando todo o processo desde a quebra de dormência até a germinação, em casa de vegetação. Espera-se que a taxa de germinação das mudas após a semeadura, no período de 120 dias, venha suprir a primeira parte do projeto, que consiste no transplantio de mudas suficientes para a área a ser reabilitada. PALAVRAS CHAVES: casa de vegetação, mudas, solo, mata ciliar.
Bancos forrageiros com gramíneas e leguminosas no assentamento Belo Horizonte, São Domingos do Araguaia – PA
Authors: Mororó Dayanne Lustosa , Silva Alzira Gabriela da
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: Na tentativa de melhorar a qualidade da alimentação animal no Projeto de Assentamento Belo Horizonte, localizado no município de São Domingos do Araguaia-Pará, realizou-se a difusão da prática da introdução de bancos forrageiros. As atividades serão desenvolvidas através da abordagem participativa e da pesquisa-ação. O objetivo deste trabalho é difundir o uso de bancos forrageiros de alta qualidade com leguminosas e gramíneas visando à introdução dos mesmos nos sistemas de criação de bovinos leiteiros já praticados, melhorando a qualidade da alimentação animal durante o período seco do ano, na agricultura familiar no Sudeste do Estado do Pará. Serão realizadas no projeto seis fases, onde irão compreender a apresentação do programa, a capacitação dos produtores e implantação bancos escolhidos, a avaliação e levantamento de dados da produtividade e/o crescimento das espécies utilizadas no banco forrageiro e a viabilidade econômica e ainda será proposto à criação de uma associação ou cooperativa com a finalidade de facilitar a aquisição de insumos e a comercialização de produtos no âmbito de melhorar as articulações dos produtores. PALAVRAS CHAVES: Agricultura familiar, bovinocultura leiteira, extensão rural, proteína bruta.
Teaching experimental film: On the practical and analytic treatment of avant-garde cinema
Authors: Pantenburg Volker , Schlüter Stefanie
Published: November 2018

This article highlights the potential of experimental and avant-garde cinema in film educational contexts. In the first part, Stefanie Schlüter evaluates her practical experience in working with 10- to 11-year-old schoolchildren. Based on reflections by Peter Kubelka, Stan Brakhage
and others, she emphasizes the act of engaging with film material (scratching, painting) as a genuine haptic and perceptual experience. In the second part, Volker Pantenburg reframes classical avant-garde films by Gary Beidler, Peter Tscherkassky and Morgan Fisher as valuable, implicitly didactic
'lessons of cinema'. In a playful and elaborate way, these films perform and display basic qualities of the moving image: movement and stillness, materiality and narration, format and affect.
Film education and age(ing): A case study of a university course on FilmBildung
Authors: Eckert Lena , Martin Silke
Published: November 2018

This paper elaborates on a practical film education project conducted in universities, schools and retirement homes, which we have been working on for several years. We describe the approach to teaching and research that we have been following, as well as the basis of our vision for
a project on collage, life writing and film education with elderly people. Based on several MA modules on film education that we have taught at various universities during the past few years, as well as on a number of seminars on ageing studies (BA and MA) and on our experience as trained
writing coaches, we draw together different strands of our experiences in order to sketch a film education workshop that instructs students to, in turn, instruct elderly people in a retirement home to work on their film experience by means of collage and life writing. The background in teaching
and research upon which we draw is based on participatory action research, a constructivist teaching philosophy, a heterarchic organization of university modules and an intersectional understanding of age(ing).
Documentary subjects speak out: Relational empathy and ethics in intercultural documentary film education
Authors: Nåls Jan
Published: November 2018

The teaching of documentary film faces particular ethical and practical challenges in intercultural environments when working with marginalized groups. The author of the paper was one of the acting teachers for an intercultural group of film students making documentaries on sex workers
in rural South African communities in 2015. The paper explores the pedagogical and ethical dimension of the encounters between students and the documentary subjects. It argues for the benefits of creating shared meaning – a third culture – through the fostering of relational empathy
between student film-makers and their subjects. The focus of the analysis lies in the emotional reactions of the documentary subjects, observed in community screenings in 2016. Conclusions suggest that the concept of relational empathy can help us understand and develop the teaching of documentary
in novel ways. It represents a pedagogical choice that is ethical, as it allows for consent that is truly informed.
Dossier on Govan Young: Exploring children's historical consciousness through film and archaeology
Authors: Driscoll Stephen T. , Doherty Catherine , Perry Mia
Published: November 2018

Govan Young (2017) is a 30-minute documentary in which schoolchildren from Glasgow learn of the area's important but largely unknown medieval history. This dossier brings together four essays that reflect on the film from various academic perspectives – film studies, archaeology
and education – to explore how schoolchildren might learn about the past, and develop a historical consciousness, by participating in film-making projects. The dossier also reflects on how educators can learn from those whom they are supposedly teaching, thereby highlighting that experimental
pedagogical projects often bring unexpected learning outcomes into being. Consequently, educators must resist the pressures to predict the outcomes of projects, and must strive to keep the future open-ended.
La colaboración de las víctimas en la persecución penal de la violencia de género en España
Authors: Vázquez- Portomeñe Seijas Fernando
Published: November 2018

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es analizar la actitud de las víctimas de violencia de género en España a la hora de interponer la correspondiente denuncia y de testificar en el juicio oral. Para su elaboración se ha analizado un total de 580 expedientes de la Fiscalía de Área de Santiago de Compostela, relativos a delitos de violencia contra la mujer, correspondientes a los años 2005 a 2012. Nuestro estudio permite afirmar que, aunque cada víctima representa un caso único, su actitud a la hora de denunciar el maltrato se halla mediatizada por determinadas circunstancias relativas a la forma de convivencia y a la titularidad de la vivienda en que convive con el agresor. También se concluye que el hecho de que la víctima se negara a declarar influye, como dato estadísticamente significativo, en la decisión final del órgano judicial de absolver al acusado.
Fundamentos de la semiótica jurídica. Hacia una semiótica del Derecho penal
Authors: Moya Vargas Manuel Fernando
Published: November 2018

Historiográficamente, el Derecho se caracteriza por el predominio de la hermenéutica y de la dogmática. Esta condición se manifiesta en una epistemología cuyo método ha enseñoreado el aspecto técnico del saber jurídico. Consecuencia de lo cual ha sido, como sucede con la mayor parte de las ciencias sociales y humanas, la discreta importancia que han terminado otorgando a la sociedad y al ser humano, a los cuales reducen en tanto legos, a nudos e impotentes destinatarios de las instituciones jurídicas. De esta forma, el Derecho ha sido capitalizado por los técnicos, quienes se han desembarazado de “los demás”, transfiriéndolos a la sociología jurídica, la cual sin embargo no ha tenido por empeño el desarrollo de la ciencia del Derecho. En contraste, la semiótica del Derecho, semiótica jurídica o semiótica de la justicia, reivindica al ser humano y a las sociedades, en tanto las restablece en su condición auténtica de comunidades de hablantes del Derecho que, a través de procesos comunicativos para los cuales usan los signos jurídicos,  crean y transmiten su propio sentido de justicia.
Approcher la densité des ligneux par l’indice perpendiculaire de végétation : cas d’une savane arborée au nord de la Tanzanie
Authors: Saïdi Slim , Louppe Dominique , Le Bel Sébastien
Published: November 2018

Le domaine de Namalok (4 500 ha), situé au nord-est de la Tanzanie, a été protégé par TPC Limited, une société sucrière privée, pour en faire une réserve privée de faune et de flore. La végétation locale est constituée de savanes arbustives à Salvadora persica, de fourrés de Suaeda monoica et de savanes arborées plus au moins denses à Acacia xanthophloea, Faidherbia albida et Acacia tortilis. Afin de répondre à un objectif de gestion suite à la réintroduction de grands herbivores, la composition floristique de ces formations ligneuses a été étudiée en association avec une approche cartographique du degré d’accessibilité des formations ligneuses par les herbivores, exprimé en classes de densité établies selon l’indice perpendiculaire de végétation (IPV). Les résultats révèlent tout d’abord une corrélation très élevée entre la densité calculée des ligneux et l’IPV (r2 = 0,96) et confirment l’intérêt de l’approche proposée d’analyse d’images satellitaires. Dans une perspective plus locale, ils montrent aussi que, sur le plan floristique, les niveaux successifs des densités cartographiées sont composés de 70 espèces végétales et relèvent d’un fond floristique d’espèces pantropicales. Ces savanes montrent également une distribution spécifique relativement équitable et très diverse, avec des fréquences spécifiques voisines les unes des autres. Les savanes arborées représentent 38 % de la surface du domaine. Par ordre croissant de densité, les savanes de moins de 100 arbres/ha couvrent 836 ha, celles comptant 100 à 200 arbres/ha occupent 654 ha et celles ayant des densités de 200 à 300 arbres/ha sont assez peu importantes et n’occupent que 206 ha. Les savanes de densité supérieure à 300 arbres/ha représentent des étendues beaucoup moins vastes, soit seulement 22 ha.
Structure des populations naturelles de Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance, ligneux d’intérêt alimentaire, dans le Dallol Bosso, Niger
Authors: Aboubacar Kolafane , Douma Soumana , Moussa Mamoudou Boubacar , Djermakoye Seyni Ramatou Sidikou
Published: November 2018

L’étude visait à caractériser la populationnaturelle d’un ligneux alimentaire, Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance (Chrysobalanaceae). Elle a été conduite dans le Dallol Bosso au sud-ouest du Niger. Les données provenaient de relevés floristiques dont le dispositif de sondage était de type systématique. Onze transects ont été installés, et 83 placettes de 50 m x 50 m ont été échantillonnées. La structure de la population a été renseignée par ladiversité floristique, la densité des arbres, le taux de régénération et la structure démographique des populations. Une classification ascendante hiérarchique de la matrice espèces-relevés a été réalisée afin d’identifier des groupes végétaux. À l’intérieur de chaque placette, ont été relevés le diamètre à 1,30 m pour les sujets de diamètre supérieur ou égal à 5 cm, et le nombre d’individus. Le coefficient générique reste faible et les familles et genres représentés par une seule espèce demeurent prépondérants. La flore recouvre 36 espèces ligneuses réparties en 30 genres relevant de 19 familles, pour lesquelles dominent les Fabaceae (27,8 %) et les Malvaceae (13,9 %). Trois groupes structuraux apparaissent, caractérisés par une dominance de N. macrophylla, dont la population tend à se régénérer. Les histogrammes de structure des populations font en effet apparaître des effectifs élevés dans les classes de petit diamètre. La densité moyenne de l’espèce est de 26,1 individus/ha, mais varie en fonction des groupes structuraux. L’observation de la régénération naturelle, dont le niveau élevé ne préjuge toutefois pas du devenir des plantules, montre que N. macrophylla se renouvelle essentiellement par semis (87,6 %), et faiblement par rejets de souche (11,1 %). Les résultats de cette étude permettent de mieux appréhender le statut de cette espèce, en faveur de la mise en place de stratégies de gestion durable.
Extended Auxiliary Equation Method to the perturbed Gerdjikov-Ivanov Equation
Authors: Sabi'u Jamilu , Rezazadeh Hadi , Eslami Mostafa , Korkmaz Alper
Published: November 2018

We apply utilized the extended form of the auxiliary equation method to obtain extensively reliable exact travelling wave solutions of perturbed Gerdjikov–Ivanov equation (GIE) that is widely used as a model in the field theory of quanta and non-linear optics. The method is based on a simple first order second degree ODE. The new form of the approach gives more solutions to the governing equation efficiently.
Dissimilarity Space Based Multi-Source Cross-Project Defect Prediction
Authors: Ren Shengbing , Zhang Wanying , Munir Hafiz Shahbaz , Xia Lei
Published: November 2018

Software defect prediction is an important means to guarantee software quality. Because there are no sufficient historical data within a project to train the classifier, cross-project defect prediction (CPDP) has been recognized as a fundamental approach. However, traditional defect prediction methods using feature attributes to represent samples, which can not avoid negative transferring, may result in poor performance model in CPDP. This paper proposes a multi-source cross-project defect prediction method based on dissimilarity space ( DM-CPDP). This method first uses the density-based clustering method to construct the prototype set with the cluster center of samples in the target set. Then, the arc-cosine kernel is used to form the dissimilarity space, and in this space the training set is obtained with the earth mover’s distance (EMD) method. For the unlabeled samples converted from the target set, the KNN algorithm is used to label those samples. Finally, we use TrAdaBoost method to establish the prediction model. The experimental results show that our approach has better performance than other traditional CPDP methods.
La última dictadura argentina en el aula: entre materiales, textos y lecturas.
Authors: Gonzalez Paula
Published: November 2018

Este trabajo se acerca a la historia argentina reciente en las aulas para analizar la práctica docente cotidiana. Presenta un estudio de caso de un docente del conurbano bonaerense que trabaja en una institución escolar que alienta el tratamiento de la última dictadura, que tiene formación actualizada y que utiliza variados recursos. En esas condiciones, ¿qué materiales trabaja?, ¿qué textos introduce?, ¿qué lecturas propone? Este artículo presenta una serie de respuestas a los interrogantes anteriores y se propone subrayar: i) la naturaleza productiva e inventiva de la práctica docente; ii) la importancia de la materialidad en la enseñanza; iii) la potencia de diferentes materiales, textos y lecturas que posibilitan el trabajo con diversos lenguajes, memorias y debates.
Ensino de História: passados vivos e educação em questões sensíveis
Authors: Pereira Nilton Mullet , Seffner Fernando
Published: November 2018

Este artigo aborda temas socialmente controversos e sensíveis no âmbito do ensino de história. As questões socialmente vivas se constituem na contemporaneidade em objetos privilegiados dos currículos de história, em função, por um lado, das demandas sociais de grupos identitários e, de outro, dos movimentos que buscam interferir na liberdade de ensinar e no direito de aprender, direitos assegurados na Constituição Federal de 1988. O artigo quer construir a categoria de passado vivo como elemento central na constituição de currículos de ensino de história e, para isso, se vale de um duplo movimento: a produtividade dos conceitos de residualidade e remanescência, e a decidida conexão da prática docente em história com o campo da educação em direitos humanos. Ao final, discutem-se algumas cenas escolares onde tais questões foram enfrentadas.
Histórias vívidas: usos do passado recente entre jovens estudantes
Authors: Balestra Juliana Pirola da Conceição
Published: November 2018

O artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa acerca da construção de memórias sobre as Ditaduras em duas das cidades mais afetadas pela repressão na América Latina: São Paulo e Buenos Aires. A pesquisa foi realizada em 2013 e contou com a participação de 101 jovens estudantes que cursavam o último ano da escolarização obrigatória do seu país em escolas públicas de ambas as cidades. Os jovens que participaram da pesquisa não viveram diretamente esse passado, mas lhe conferem diferentes sentidos na tomada de decisões no presente, revelando como as políticas públicas de memória são incorporadas nos espaços educativos, como parte de uma consciência histórica.
Los Hechos Históricos de la Transición Democrática Chilena en las Aulas de Educación Secundaria
Authors: Leyton Gabriela Vásquez , Agustí María Sánchez , Lara Nelson Vásquez
Published: November 2018

Fueron más de tres millones de chilenos los que, mediante su voto, dijeron “no” al régimen de Augusto Pinochet, poniendo fin a los años de Dictadura. Por ello, la Transición a la Democracia es uno de los procesos más controversiales de la historia reciente chilena, determinando las relaciones que se desarrollan actualmente.En el presente artículo, se exponen parte de los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo es conocer las ideas de los estudiantes de secundaria chilena sobre el proceso transicional y cómo se desarrolla su aprendizaje en el mundo escolar. El estudio de carácter cuali-cuantitativo se realizó a partir de los discursos de estudiantes de secundaria chilena de centros educativos provenientes de 4 las ciudades más importantes del país (La Serena, Valparaíso, Santiago y Concepción). Estas ideas se recogen a partir un cuestionario de preguntas abiertas y cerradas analizadas a través del programa estadístico informático.En esta instancia analizaremos sus declaraciones sobre los hechos que relevan de la Transición chilena y los temas históricos tratados en las clases de historia, donde el estudiantado destaca el valor de los ciudadanos como agentes de cambio que, a través de sus movilizaciones y del derecho a sufragio son los que derriban a la Dictadura.
ESP Metallurgy in High-Speed Liquid Droplets/Jets Applications
Authors: Aljishi Hassan , Aljizeeri Ali
Published: November 2018

Liquid impingement erosion has been identified as a potential damage and failure source in many Electrical Submersible Pumps (ESPs) in the oil & gas business. Erosion causes a progressive loss of materials from the housing of the electrical submersible pump which decreases its structural integrity and leads to its failure. Consequently, this subject has been studied widely in many research papers in the oil and gas industry, and many materials have been developed and commercialized to resist it and protect the equipment from any potential wearing.

The goal of this paper is to show the role of erosion in degrading the ESP performance and life and to provide an experimental comparative study of several materials used for encountering erosion for onshore and offshore fields in Saudi. Also,A cost-benefit analysis of some erosion resistant alloys was presented to help engineers to decide when to use these materials if the application requires.

The result of this methodology shows that well fluid characteristic plays a significant role in determining the amount of erosion. Well fluid is a multi-phase flow (gas, oil, and water), and the S.G of water is higher than oil. According to that, the damage that water particles produce is greater than oil. Therefore, when the percentage of water in the well fluid goes high, it increases the damaging impact on the ESP housing, especially when the velocity of fluid over the motor is high ~ 13 ft/s. Erosion resistant alloys should be used and implemented for these cases. Examples of materials include:12-Chrom, 9-Chrome, Carbon steel and stainless-steel coating.

Finally, this paper provides engineers with guidelines/recommendations for selecting the proper metrology for equipment running in wells with high water cut & fluid velocity.
Reducing Non-Production Time with P2P Thru-Tubing Conveyed ESP System
Authors: El Mahbes Reda , Manfoumbi Wilfried , Regulo Quintero
Published: November 2018

Electrical submersible pumping system (ESP) failures introduce many issues to operators and reservoirs. These issues can significantly increase operational expenditure (OPEX), especially in areas where it is challenging for workover rigs to operate or the rig cost is very high. In addition, production loss due to workover rig availability, mobilization, and climate challenges presents a major problem to operators to produce economically from this type of well.

Thru-tubing conveyed ESP (TTC ESP) using a pump-to-pump (P2P) connection allows wireline installation of a pump section followed by an additional tandem pump(s) installed on top of the first. Special profiles on the upper section of the lower tandem allow the shaft and housing engagement to match the lower section of the upper tandem pump. TTC with P2P helps reduce ESP installation time in areas where workover rigs cannot be mobilized during the winter season and the cost of intervention is very high. Several pump-to-pump systems were installed without issues and run in environments that were challenging for a conventional ESP.

The system was designed for economic production of recently fractured production wells by allowing low-cost replacement of the primary failure component, the ESP centrifugal pump. Current systems are too long to fit inside practical length wireline lubricators, so this new connection allows shorter pump sections to be stacked sequentially. Additional sections also allow higher head (increased number of stages) for deeper applications. This technology is currently achieving "blind" tandem pump installations at setting depths approaching 8,000 ft.
Enhance Mean Time to Failure MTTF by Automating and Optimizing Continuous Chemical Injection in Moderate-Severe Corrosive Oil Field Well Application
Authors: Al Adi Fahad , Zulhen Afrinaldi , Adi Masrisetyo , Al Saadi Hassan , Marcano Miguel , Rangel Gilberto
Published: November 2018

The objective of this project was to install a capillary string attached to the production tubing and inject continuously corrosion inhibitor using electric chemical skid unit on the surface, controlling the doses according to the specific flow rate per well, and improve continuous rod life by extending MTTF.

To achieve the above mentioned objective, the well selection was focused on candidates with a declared corrosion-fatigue mode of failure, with bad actor wells of run life between one and three months. Once the candidates were identified, fluid samples were collected and sent to the lab to identify the corrosion source and categorize the corrosive level of the fluid, however this key information will define the chemical type and the specific daily doses. The chemical skid unit was designed and engineered to set the correct injection doses to maintain continuous treatment and avoiding waste. The use of chemical corrosion inhibitor programs has proven to be a cost-effective approach to minimize corrosion damage and to extend the life of downhole equipment. For this study, we have installed a capillary string attached to the production tubing string and Sucker Rod pump.

The capillary string has been successfully installed at pump seating depth (4,500 ft.). Chemical injection was commissioned at a rate of 5L/day, equivalent to approximately 60 PPM; the injection unit works as expected.

To have an efficient and effective product injected into the well, proper chemical selection considerations need to be taken.

After two months, a corrosion coupon installed in the flowline was removed to evaluate the effectiveness of the program. The analysis confirmed a reduction on the corrosion rate. The well selected has successfully achieved six months run life and still is running.

The continuous rod string was pulled out after six months and found in good condition.

This paper is intended to demonstrate the added value for fields where corrosion leads to regular downhole equipment failures, and providing a clear methodology of well selection and cost-effective solutions implementation, to reach an improved target of MTTF and ultimately of Operational Expenditures Reduction.
Data Management for Appropriate ESP Selection, Procedures and Operation Results in a Significant Reduction of Early Failures
Authors: Villalobos Leon Jorge , Correal Alvaro , Pancho Juan , Reyes Carlos , Fun Sang Byron , Enriquez Luis , Gallegos Johanna , Torres Richard
Published: November 2018

Surveillance and deep analysis of the performance of artificial lift systems in a field are fundamental for continuous improvement. A field data analysis was conducted to determine the appropriate configurations of electrical submersible pumps (ESP) for the field and to identify how the implementation of the improvement plans resulted in the increase of mean time between failure (MTBF).

The investigation and exhaustive data analysis of the common root causes of failure identified in the failure analysis of the ESPs and analysis of the challenging conditions presented in the field, such as fluid characterization, decline of reservoir pressure, workover intervention procedures, and ESP technology currently applied in the field, enabled determining the specifications required of the ESP equipment to avoid premature failures (run life less than 90 days). The analysis included a specific matrix for root cause identification and several lessons learned over the 32 months of experience in this mature field.

The methodology used for this investigation included the recompilation and analysis of data on failed ESPs and knowledge of specific parameters of the field and applications (wells and fluids produced). The methodology enabled the operator and service companies to achieve greater run life and improve valuable indicators such as MTBF and failure index. After the implementation of the improvement plans, the index of premature failures (ESP failures with less than 90 days) was reduced by 86%from the first to the third year.

An increase of 66.6% of survival probability compared in a 1-year period (comparing year 1 to year 3) was also achieved for the entire ESP population operating in this field.

The thorough knowledge of the well conditions, including production, surface facilities, chemical treatment, and electrical parameters, by the artificial lift engineers and the operator’s engineering department helped in developing appropriate applications for the studied field.

With the knowledge of a field, it is possible to determine the appropriate artificial lift ESP configuration and best operational practices for production and technology. This knowledge allows the operator to be aware of changes to the budget in considering equipment fit for the operating environment, which results in improved run life, thus minimizing the deferred production and preserving the reservoirs through the reduction of well interventions.
CONTENT OF DIENE KOH'UGATIVES AND MALONIC DIALDEHYDE IN BLOOD FOR RATS IN DYNAMICS OF FORMATION OF IMMOBILIZATIONAL STRESS
Authors: Lys Oksana
Published: November 2018

Nowadays, one of the most important problems are stressful reaction of human and animal systems. The purpose of our study was to find out the peculiarities of the dynamics of changes in the indices of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde in blood in rats under the conditions of development of immobilization stress. Material and methods of research. The experiments were carried out on white male rats of the Vistar line weighing 180–200 g which were divided into 3 groups for 10 animals (one control and three tested). The control group of rats was injected with 1 mg physiological saline per kg body weight intraperitoneally. The animals were decapitated under anes the siaca used by sodium thiopental (intraperitoneal injection of 1 % solution of 50 mg / kg) and withdrawn from the experiment after 1, 3, and 5 days. In blood plasma was determined the content of diene conjugates and malonic dialdehyde in stress-induced rats, the groups were compared with the control group rats. Results. The state of the processes (POFs) was assessed by the content of blood vessels detected in different periods (1 st, 3 rd, and 5 th day) after conducting of IS in rats. Under the conditions of the development of the IS, an increase in the content of DK was observed at 116.96 % (p<0.05) in the experimental group1 accordingly on the 1st day after the IS compared with the control. For the 3rd day of the study, the level of DK increased by 44.24 % (p<0.05) in experimental group 2, against the intact group of animals. Experimental group 3, in which animals were withdrawn from the IS for the 5th day, was characterized by an increase in the content of DK by 41.84 % (p<0.05) compared with the control group. Another indicator of MDA in the blood for 1 day of the experiment in experimental group 1 increased by 104.15 % (p<0.05) in the case of IS in relation to the intact group. On the 3rd day of the experiment under the conditions of development of IP, the level of MDA increased by 83.9 % (p<0.05), against control. At the 5th day of the experiment, MDA level was 30.1 % (p<0.05) for IS, when compared with control Conclusion. Consequently, the experiment made it possible to establish the significant activation of the LP processes, which we determined with increasing levels of DC and MDA in animals under IS conditions, the most of it was on the 1th day of the experiment.
PECULIARITIES OF HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL LIVER CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH COMBINED EFFECT OF ACTIVE SUBSTANCES WITH ONE-PURPOSE ACTION
Authors: Omel’chuk Sergii
Published: November 2018

Some studies have proven possible potentiating toxic effect of combined pesticides. The potentiating effect may be related to the impact of a certain substance on enzymatic activity of another one. Due to combined preparations popularity, the importance of evaluating probability of summation and synergetic or antagonizing action of the one-purpose substances becomes particularly important. Aim of the research is to study peculiarities of histomorphological liver changes associated with combined effect of active substances with one-purpose action. Methods. The authors have used toxicological, histochemical and statistical study methods. 45 rats have been used for the study. The liver specimens for histochemical analysis were selected immediately after dissection of the rats, from which the 5 micrometer sections were prepared, using freezing microtome. After leaving the sections in cold acetone, the histochemical reaction on determining the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, a transformed hepatocyte marker, which forms nodules while proliferates, was conducted. Results. The authors have established that the above-mentioned characteristics in animals which were administered the drug (benthiavalicarb-isopropyl+folpet) do not differ from negative control group. General specific area of nodules per сm2 and specific quantity of nodules per сm2 haven’t reliably changed, the control group exceeding these data by 18 % and 12 %, respectively. Discussion. The study of the benthiavalicarb-isopropyl and folpet mixture effect on animals has not revealed liver tissue proliferation of the carcinogen-transformed cells and appearance of hyperplastic nodes, which express the γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, a histochemical marker of pre-tumor changes. So, the fungicide (benthiavalicarb-isopropyl+folpet) has not induced multiplication or size increase of glutamyl transpeptidase nodules, which evidences about loss of the modifying effect of folpet on the benthiavalicarb-isopropyl carcinogenicity in this preparation formula. The obtained results may be used when deciding on administration of combined fungicides with active substances of one-purpose action.
ADVANTAGES OF BIOCHEMICAL METHODS OF DIAGNOSING FIBROSIS IN NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE IN ADOLESCENTS WITH OBESITY
Authors: Buznytska Olena
Published: November 2018

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease occurs in most obese people, the main pathway of which is the process of fibrogenesis. This disorder is currently classified into two types: hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatic steatosis is a reversible condition in which large vacuoles of triglyceride fat accumulate in the liver cells, causing nonspecific inflammation. Most people with this condition experience few, if any, symptoms, and it does not usually lead to scarring or serious liver damage. The majority of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease have this type. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is the more severe, progressive form that involves not only fat accumulation (steatosis) in the liver but also inflammation. Steatohepatitis can lead to fibrosis and eventually to cirrhosis, which is severe scarring that can lead to liver failure. The real frequency of the prevalence of the disease is difficult to establish, due to the insufficient use of non-invasive screening diagnostic methods, through which it is possible to detect the initial forms of the disease. The aim: to study the diagnostic significance of the serum biomarkers of liver fibrogenesis in adolescents with obesity. Methods. On the base of the Department of Endocrinology, SI “Institute of children and adolescence health care of NAMS” (Kharkov) 226 patients with obesity aged 8–18 years were examined. Investigation of liver fibrosis consisted of measurement in blood the levels of fibronectin, collagen type IV, N-terminal propeptides and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen by IFA method. Results. The study of liver fibrogenesis revealed a significant increase in levels of type IV collagen and fibronectin in children with obesity (p<0.05). As diagnostic criteria for two physiologically diverse processes – fibrogenesis and fibrolysis, the levels of N-terminal propeptides and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen, respectively, were determined. The serum level of N-terminal propeptides of type I collagen significantly exceeds the normal values in all children with obesity, in contrast to the children of the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion. It has been established that a biochemical method for determining the level of type IV collagen, fibronectin, N-terminal propeptides and C-terminal telopeptides of type I collagen has a high sensitivity for the diagnosis of liver fibrogenesis.
POSTTRAUMATIC SYNDROME DURING PREGNANCY: EXPECTATIONS AND REALITY
Authors: Zhabchenko Iryna , Tertychnaya-Telyuk Svetlana
Published: November 2018

Aim of the research is to study identification of peculiar issues associated with psycho-emotional state and the related stress-associated hormones and micronutrients in pregnant-displace individuals for further improvement of programmes for antenatal research. Materials and methods. In order to reach the research objective, a dynamic prospective clinical-paraclinical examination of 96 pregnant women (experimental group) – temporary displaced individuals with gestation period of more than 22 weeks who have been treated and gave birth to their children in the Central Municipal Hospital in Rubizhne and Perinatal Centre in Severodonetsk, Lugansk region. The control group consists of 39 randomly selected pregnant women for the purposes of prospective research that are living in the areas under the control of Ukraine government. All pregnant women were examined (clinical-laboratory and special midwifery examinations), the evaluation of psycho-emotional state of examined pregnant women was conducted with the help of screening by performing clinical interviews together with routine questioning. The questionnaires that contained the questions of Spielberg’s tests in the modification of Khanin were composed in advance. Concentration of stress-associated hormones in the blood serum, Ca and Mg was identified using the method of solid-phase immuno-ferment analysis. Results. According to the Spielberg’s test, the average score of reactive anxiety in the experimental group exceeded the analogous indicator in the control group by 1.6 times. The indicators of personal anxiety exceeded the normal indicator in the control group by 2.2 times. Of the pregnant women in the experimental group had the concentration of cortisol in the blood serum exceeded the upper physiological standard by 5.5 % and exceeded the analogous indicator in the control group by 43.4 %. The increase concentration of prolactin was yet observed in the II trimester of pregnancy if compared to the upper level of physiological standard by 13.3 %; if compared to the average indicator of this hormone in the control group - by 20.3 %. In the III trimester - concentration in both groups was within normal ranges, but in the experimental group this indicator was higher by 10.5 %. In the experimental group of pregnant women the concentration of Ca in the blood serum in comparison to the physiological standard was higher by 19.2 % and by 9.6 % higher if compared to the analogous indicator in the control group of pregnant women. At the same time, the pregnant women in the experimental group have low concentration of Mg. Conclusions. Taking into account the identified patterns, it is useful to categorise the pregnant women from among the internally displaced individuals as the group of high risk with respect to the development of obstetric and perinatal complications.
Long‐Term Effects of Tillage, Nitrogen, and Rainfall on Winter Wheat Yields in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Camara K. M. , Payne W. A. , Rasmussen P. E.
Published: November 2018

Sustainable cropping systems are essential for agronomic, economic, and environmental reasons. Data from a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/summer fallow rotation experiment, in eastern Oregon, was used to evaluate long‐term effects of tillage, N, soil depth, and precipitation on yield. The soil is a Walla Walla silt loam (coarse‐silty, mixed, mesic Typic Haploxeroll). The experiment consisted of three tillage treatments (moldboard plow, offset disk, and subsurface sweep) and six N treatments. Four main time periods (1944–1951, 1952–1961, 1962–1987, 1988–1997), were identified, within which experimental treatments were consistently maintained. Depth to bedrock ranged from 1.2 to 3.0 m. Yield was significantly greater (>300 kg ha−1) for the moldboard plow than for the subsurface sweep in all time periods. Yield was generally greater (>100 kg ha−1) for the moldboard plow than for the offset disk, but only significantly in Time Periods 3 and 4. For Periods 1 and 2, the addition of N fertilizer tended to produce higher yields, regardless of quantity or distribution of rainfall. For Period 3, yield did not increase with the addition of more than 45 kg N ha−1, which we attribute to below‐normal precipitation. For Period 4, when precipitation was above average, yield increased with the addition of up to 90 kg N ha−1. Results demonstrated that despite beneficial effects on soil properties, conservation tillage has tended to be less productive for this cropping system than moldboard plowing, probably due to lack of downy brome weed control in the conservation tillage systems.
Yield and Water‐Use Efficiency of Eight Wheat Cultivars Planted on Seven Dates in Northeastern Oregon
Authors: Chen Chengci , Payne William A. , Smiley Richard W. , Stoltz Michael A.
Published: November 2018

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields in the inland Pacific Northwest are limited by inadequate water supply late in the growing season. Choosing a suitable planting date and genotype with the appropriate phenology that matches crop growth to the water supply will produce optimum grain yields. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of (i) planting and (ii) wheat genotype differences on grain yield, evapotranspiration (ET), and water‐use efficiency (WUE). A 3‐yr experiment was conducted on a Walla Walla silt loam (coarse‐silty, mixed, mesic Typic Haploxeroll) near Pendleton, OR. Six winter and two spring wheat cultivars were planted in seven planting treatments (planting practices that include planting date, seeding rate, drill type, row space, and seeding depth). Soil water content was measured to determine ET. Planting treatments greatly influenced winter wheat yield. Different winter wheat cultivars responded differently to planting treatments. The optimum yield was produced at October plantings for all cultivars. Yield from September plantings was 745 to 1550 kg ha−1 less than that from the October plantings, and yield also decreased when planting was delayed beyond October. For spring wheat, effect of planting treatments on yield was not statistically significant and there was no significant cultivar effect. Planting treatments significantly affected ET after adjusting for vapor pressure deficit (ET/VPD). Winter and spring wheat planted in the spring had approximately 380 to 650 mm kPa−1 less ET/VPD (approximately 110–160 mm ET) than that planted in the fall. However, WUE was not significantly affected by planting treatments and cultivars.
Species Population Dynamics in a Mixed Pasture under Two Rotational Sward Grazing Height Regimes
Authors: Carlassare M. , Karsten H. D.
Published: November 2018

Describing tiller/leaf density and weight dynamics of pasture plants can improve our understanding of the seasonal productivity and persistence of different species under grazing. We hypothesized that within current rotational‐stocking recommendations, shorter grazing heights would reduce orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) population and productivity, and favor more rhizomatous species, such as Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and quackgrass (Elytrigia repens L.). We compared tall and short sward grazing height regimes in a mixed species pasture rotationally stocked by cattle. ‘Tall’ pastures were grazed based on orchardgrass height, from 27 cm down to 7 cm, and ‘short’ pastures were grazed from 20 to 5 cm. Before each grazing event, herbage was sampled at ground level, tillers/leaves were counted by species, dried, weighed; and species' tiller/leaf density, weight, and (total) herbage mass were calculated. Population dynamics of all species were influenced by climate and date of grazing events. Kentucky bluegrass was most sensitive to dry, warm periods, and quackgrass production was least affected. Quackgrass produced fewer reproductive tillers and more stable tiller density than Kentucky bluegrass and orchardgrass. Orchardgrass and bluegrass tiller density and weight were similar between grazing regimes. Quackgrass and dandelion (Taraxacum officinale Weber) tiller/leaf density were higher in short than tall pastures, and quackgrass herbage mass increased. Grazing treatments shifted botanical composition and influenced seasonal herbage mass distribution, but total pasture mass was similar under both grazing regimes. Limited precipitation and warm temperatures most consistently explained reductions of orchardgrass, bluegrass, and total pasture productivity, and were significant causes of variability.