bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social economy and social entrepreneurship – the manifestation of social responsibility in the era of globalization
Authors: Pongracz Eva
Published: January 2020

Currently, in Europe as well as in V4 countries, more and more interest is noted in the social economy. It is the answer to the socio-economic consequences of globalization. We can consider social entrepreneurship to be a business of the future with social responsibility, which favors social mission before making a profit. It is a hybrid business model that brings innovation, promotes regional development and improves quality of life of the local population. The social entrepreneurship, with the creation of sustainable jobs, reduces unemployment, protects the environment, provides goods and services for which the state and the private sector are not interested. It applies participatory and democratic corporate governance, thereby increasing the responsibility of all stakeholders. In this paper we point out that the development of social economy and social entrepreneurship in Slovakia has its own specifics. The practice precedes the theory, which brings many problems and creates unfavourable conditions for development of social entrepreneurship. We identified weaknesses in the social economy sector and offered recommendations for practice, especially for representatives of public administration and legislators. Moreover, we consider the training of future employees, managers of social entrepreneurship, local government representatives, as well as the provision of information to the general public on this area as a key factor for the development of the concept of social economy. Information for the preparation of this paper was drawn from the laws, expert studies and economic literature.
Supply chain management in the aspect of globalization
Authors: Vidrova Zdenka
Published: January 2020

The world of logistics has also changed considerably thanks to globalization. The most important term of logistics is the supply chain (SC). With the advent of globalization, managing SC activities has become more complex. Supply chain management (SCM) is an integral part of most businesses and is essential to company success and customer satisfaction. Supply chains (SCs) represents the paths between suppliers and buyers (customers or consumers). The role of (SCs) is to ensure a product from inception all the way into a consumer´s hands. Marketing plays an increasingly important role in the process; it balances procurement by providing essential demand information and building the relationships that help improve the efficiency of SC operations. In order to reach as many markets as possible, these products must cross international borders. Without SCs, the products that suppliers produce would not efficiently get out into the world markets therefore are vital for markets all over the world. The aims of the paper are following: to define the concept of SC and SCM, to list what advantages arising from participation in global supply chain and finally, to refer the mistakes made by companies operating in international markets in SCM.
Globalization and Sustainability of Regions: The Role of Cultural and Creative Industries in Cutural Policies and their Implications for Regional Development – A Case Study of the Czech Republic
Authors: Wurst Blanka
Published: January 2020

This article examined the level of integration of the concept of Cultural and Creative Industries in strategic documents decisive for public policy implementation. On the case study of the Czech Republic, concrete goals, tools and measures of respective policies were examined, special focus has been laid on the implementation power and coordination mechanisms. In the methodological framework of the Multi-level Governance Concept, methods of content and comparative analysis were used. As the analysis shows, on the central level is the concept of CCIs explicitly reflected and very well elaborated, with concrete goals and instruments to achieve the given goals, on the local level predominantly the „cultural part“ is stressed, having the „creative aspects“ hidden in other policy areas. Concerning the local level, there is a „two axes“ flow. On one side, examined policy paper stresses the importance of culture for own citizens, especially for the community and identity feeling, promotion of a good name of the city (region, municipality) and last, not least, the identification of citizens with the place they live in. On the other hand, the second line aims at attracting tourists through a complex combination of cultural heritage visits, connected with various experience events.
Possibilities of Slovak municipalities to participate in regional development in context of globalization
Authors: Liptáková Katarína , Rigová Zuzana
Published: January 2020

Nowadays, globalization affects almost all aspects of social life. It is sensible to respond flexibly to these trends and to be prepared for their benefits or potential risks. The local self-government represented by municipalities has an increasingly important role in the economic development of individual regions of Slovakia. Are municipalities prepared for the process of globalization and its impacts? Do they have tools in their hands to respond to its trends? One of the most important tasks of the municipality is to serve as an activator of regional, social and economic development and to influence the conditions for entrepreneurship by attracting potential investors to start business activities in the municipality territories. The new entrepreneurial activities and investments are a potential source of new job opportunities resulting in increased living standards of the local residents. This paper deals with indicators that express the financial capacity of the municipality and thus the ability of the municipality to participate in the process of development of a particular region. The analysis evaluates data obtained from financial statements of Slovak municipalities for year 2017. Its results show that the available financial resources of municipalities are limited and therefore the municipalities are unable to support regional development from their own financial sources.
Modernization changes and economic stability of Russia during globalization of world economy
Authors: Novikov Andrey , Zhulega Irina
Published: January 2020

Modernization is a special form of development of society, development of technology and economy is the cornerstone of modernization. However, this development is not evolutionary, but revolutionary, accompanied with rather fast institutional transformations. Besides, modernization should be considered as a problem which covers, first of all, the sphere of economy but which cannot be studied and solved without interaction practically with all directions of activity of the person and society. Modernization models taking into account mental and civilization features of Russia are analyzed. The changes connected with globalization changes in world economy and resistance to these changes of the Russian social and economic institutes are considered. Need of coordination of processes of social and economic transformations with set of informal institutes of the Russian society is emphasized. On the basis of the carried-out analysis the conclusion about existence of various ways of further economic development is drawn. Russian norms and traditions, being integrated with the chosen elements of the western institutional environment, will create conditions for sustained economic growth. Thus, transition to essentially new concept of economic development of the country will be made.
The influence of globalization on selected constitutive and regulating elements of the economic mechanism on the example of regional economic growth of new and old member states of the European Union
Authors: Nový Miloš
Published: January 2020

The constitutive principles, which define the economic order in the basic outline and set its basic parameters, together with the regulating principles that regulate the economy in the logic of its desirable economic and social development, form the basic building blocks of the economic mechanism. Globalization has significantly changed economic policy in both practical and theoretical terms. It has affected both elements constituting private property institute, pricing mechanism, free competition, law enforcement, contractual freedom and perfect information, as well as elements regulating in the form of general rules, short-term and long-term regulation instruments. The subject of this paper is the description and analysis of the influence of globalization processes on the development of selected constitutive and regulating elements of the economic mechanism, which ultimately influence the development of individual economic units. These globalization processes have either contributed to the convergence of the economic level of selected European regional economies, ie to real convergence, or have contributed to deepening the gap between European regions. The surveyed economic units will be the regional economies of the new and old EU Member States, which are regularly monitored by the European Union Statistical Office. This analysis will cover regional economic growth, specifically the development of regional gross domestic products.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Development of Modern Russian Companies As A Challenge of Business Globalization
Authors: Belousov Konstantin
Published: January 2020

This paper investigates comparative analysis in order to trace approaches to interpretation of the content and principles of sustainable development due to increasing number of companies, declaring their commitment to the principles of sustainable development. I review a degree of compliance of Russian companies to international and national standards, relevant to practices of leading companies, a degree of involvement of Russian companies in general sustainable development. Particular interest lays in the study of influence of social responsibility of business, socially responsible sustainable development on the company. This line of research is only beginning to emerge in Russia. Interpretation of corporate social responsibility role allows a different look at the phenomenon of social responsibility and its role in sustainable development. Russian companies quickly accepted the concept of sustainable development, as well as the corresponding terminology. It is important to trace now how basic ideas and principles of sustainable development are reflected in the company’s strategy and implemented in practice. By analyzing non-financial reporting I will introduce ways, tendencies and problems of corporate social responsibility implementation by Russian companies.
Energy Indicators in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Dobrea Răzvan Cătălin , Angheluţă Sorin Petrică , Diaconu Amelia
Published: January 2020

Globalization leads to new challenges. There is a trend of growth of the population. At the same time, production processes are subject to changes. If the new technologies are based on environmental protection, then we can also be considered that the greenhouse gas emissions will be reduced. As energy requirements are rising, it is important to efficient use of natural resources. This, especially, as energy sources differ from one country to another. In this context, dependence on energy imports becomes important. From this point of view, for the countries of the European Union, the article analyzes the evolution of energy efficiency. In recent years, it trying to replace fossil fuels with renewable fuels. Analyzing the share of energy from renewable sources in total electricity allows us to observe the degree of decarbonisation of the European Union economy. The use of energy from renewable sources allows the development of green technologies and contributes to the protection of the environment. Producing of the energy in a region and transporting it to another region creates bridges and contributes to globalization. Thus, in the process of globalization, the role of energy is increasingly important. The article presents a European analysis of gross and net electricity production.
Using Eco-innovation Index to Measure the Eco-innovation Performance in the Global Knowledge Economy: Evidence from Slovakia
Authors: Lesáková Ľubica , Laco Peter
Published: January 2020

Eco-innovation and green technologies are the key to Europe´s future and they are at the heart of the EU policies. To step towards the sustainable economic growth, there is a need for much more eco-innovation. The aim of the paper is to use the eco-innovation index as an instrument to measure the eco-innovation performance of a country in the global knowledge economy, to analyse and assess the components and indicators of eco-innovation index for Slovakia in the year 2017 and to compare them with those of EU 28. Identified and discussed will be the areas in which the main strengths and weaknesses are evident, formulated will be the main implications for managers and policy makers in Slovakia to improve the state in mentioned area. Following the aim of the paper a set of research questions will be formulated. Our study is based on secondary sources of data coming from the Eurostat and Eco-Innovation Observatory. The methods used in the paper are the method of casual analysis, deduction, abstraction, comparison as well as the synthesis.
Impact of globalisation on circular economy and sustainable development
Authors: Máliková Iveta
Published: January 2020

Currently, the issues related to the global threats of the environment represent a special, increasingly more significant category of global issues. The main cause of the constantly changing conditions of the environment is the economic growth itself as it is closely connected to the growth of population, satisfaction of the man´s needs and a consequent increase in consumption. With the increase in consumption, there is an increase in the use of natural resources which we perceive as a usable resource that results in the transformation of raw materials into materials being used in the production of consumer goods. The energy used in the production, together with the reusable resources, is being later returned to the economic cycle in the form of waste. However, the way we currently use resources is not sustainable. To ensure sustainable development in the Slovak Republic, as well as in the whole European Union, we need to employ resources in a more inteligent, sustainable way. It is evident that the linear model of economic growth, that we relied on in the past, does not fullfill the needs of present, modern societies in the globalized world. The transition to a circular economy seems to be an appropriate system that can provide environmentally- and economically- sustainable use of available resources, and , thereby, being able to support the main objective within the Strategy for Smart, Sustainable and Inclusive Growth - Europe 2020.
Directions and mechanisms of globalization impact on institutional structure of society
Authors: Nikolaev Mikhail , Magdeeva Marina
Published: January 2020

The article studies the problematic issues of essence and content of globalization process, directions and mechanisms of its impact on institutional structure of society. At the same time, globalization is viewed as a complex complicated and contradictory process not only increasing the dependence between socioeconomic and economic systems of individual countries, but also as a factor directly changing the course of development vector of institutional structures that sets a new trajectory of their movement. It is important to analyze the impact of globalization on the institutional structure through various by nature institutions – formal ones, which at each stage of development are artificially created, as a rule, by the state, and informal ones (traditions, social conventions, customs, etc.), the mechanism of globalization impact on which directly links with its impact on the property of fractality or self-similarity of socio-economic systems. Some contradictions that arise in the process of the mentioned interaction are considered and analyzed. The aim of the study is to identify the mechanisms of globalization influence on institutional structure of society and the limits of its positive impact on development of this society. Methods of the study: abstract-logical; theory of nonlinear dynamics; historical and economic analysis.
Sustainability as part of corporate identity in conditions of globalization
Authors: Paurova Veronika , Chlebikova Darina
Published: January 2020

Sustainable development is characterised as condition in which the elements of the global ecosystem are balanced. All organizations and individuals who form the global community should try to achieve this state. Sustainable development has become one of the most important global challenges in the 21st century. It is a long-term process that affects the environment, the economy and society at local or global level. It is essential to observe sustainability principles for companies in globalizing markets. Corporate identity is a process of identification of company. The elements of corporate identity are interconnected, and their creation should have a clear concept and strategy. The main goal is to create an original identity that distinguishes the business from the competition. If a business wants to be competitive, it must respect and apply the principles of the global environment, for example sustainable development. The purpose of article is to point out the background of sustainable development and corporate identity and the importance of these two areas for businesses in the context of globalization. Research is based on secondary findings from Sustainable Society Foundation and we used comparative analysis. We found out that some indicators in terms of sustainability needs to be improved.
Slovak Experience After 10 Years from the Introduction of the Euro as Globalization Factor
Authors: Seben Zoltan , Korcsmaros Enikő , Machova Renata , Feher Lilla
Published: January 2020

One of Slovakia’s globalization tendencies is the successful introduction of the Eurocurrency. It has been 10 years since the introduction of the euro in Slovakia. It is a sufficient time for us to continuously assess the real situation and attitudes of the citizens in this area. There are several publicly available studies, research findings conducted by Eurobarometer, Fincenter or the National bank, which focus on advantages and disadvantages of the euro currency. The most frequently mentioned advantages are price stability, transaction cost decrease in foreign trade and tourism, Slovak export increase and the removal of exchange rate risk. On the other side, Slovakia has lost its independent monetary policy and the member country is also expected to participate in the euro area rescue mechanism. Similarly the research team of the Faculty of Economics of J. Selye University was invited by Hungarian Pallas Athene Domus Educationis Foundation to participate in the research project named ten years of euro – Slovak experience. Based on this project initiative, the aim of the paper is to find out the experience regarding the euro among citizens, also with an emphasis on cross-border activity. In order to achieve the research objectives we applied primary data collection to obtain information about the researched issue. An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among the respondents. Data collection among the residents was realized with a help of an agent, but also an online questionnaire was provided for the respondents in 2018. Statistic indicators were used to verify our assumptions.
Managing selection of AFF power generation technologies in the internationally evolving carbon-free context
Authors: Tamosiunas Andrius
Published: January 2020

The article presents the analysis fossil fuel power generation market, focusing on management of advanced fossil fuel (AFF) power generation challenges of related technologies especially when tackling climate change impacts, complying with stricter environmental requirements. A wide and dynamic spectrum in scope and scale of factors revealed confirms the necessity for solutions enabling organizations to transform and manage rationally their fossil fuel-based business models towards greater competitiveness in the context of emerging renewable energy reliance. Nevertheless, in this respect the measures in question may require trade-offs, therefore when considering their combination, a diligent multicriteria analysis will inevitably be involved. With pivotal focus on the economic utility and the balanced and sustained strategic development of business, as the result of the research author proposes to apply VIKOR method when deciding on AFF power generation options. Application flexibility of the proposed method allow to evaluate, compare possible alternatives in a comprehensive and complex manner and to mingle MCDA tools if needed.
Improvement of retail pricing strategies in food distribution networks in terms of global competition (St. Petersburg’s example)
Authors: Tulyakova Irina , Gregova Elena , Dengov Viktor , Mustafaev Azer
Published: January 2020

The global crisis that hit the world economy at the end of the first decade of the 21st century has significantly affected Russia. Since 2014 and up until now, due to internal and external reasons, there has been an almost continuous decline in real disposable income of Russian households. Many Russian families are forced to economize down to the essentials. As is generally known, food costs are at the very bottom of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, and their reduction occurs in the last place. However, within this primary segment of consumption negative processes also occur; in determining the structure of costs the choice is cast over the quality of food and in favour of its affordability. Faced with the fall of its turnover, even large retail chains brands are forced to improve their pricing strategies in order to stabilize their falling revenues in the face of increasing competition. “How can they achieve this?” is the question the authors of two articles in this series attempt to answer. The first article examines problems associated with development of “customer loyalty programs”, and proposes a model for improving the existing system of trade margins. The article also looks at the advantages and limitations of the proposed model.
Multiplicity of weak solutions to non-local elliptic equations involving the fractional p(x)-Laplacian
Authors: Lee Jun Ik , Kim Jae-Myoung , Kim Yun-Ho , Lee Jongrak
Published: January 2020

This paper is devoted to study the several existence results of a sequence of infinitely many solutions to the nonlocal elliptic problem involving the fractional p(x)-Laplacian without assuming the Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz type condition. The strategy of the proof for these results is to approach the problem variationally by using the fountain theorem and the dual fountain theorem. In addition, we prove that the sequence of weak solutions becomes bounded solutions.
Compressed intramolecular dispersion interactions
Authors: Mackie Cameron J. , Gonthier Jérôme F. , Head-Gordon Martin
Published: January 2020

The feasibility of the compression of localized virtual orbitals is explored in the context of intramolecular long-range dispersion interactions. Singular value decomposition (SVD) of coupled cluster doubles amplitudes associated with the dispersion interactions is analyzed for a number of long-chain systems, including saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons and a silane chain. Further decomposition of the most important amplitudes obtained from these SVDs allows for the analysis of the dispersion-specific virtual orbitals that are naturally localized. Consistent with previous work on intermolecular dispersion interactions in dimers, it is found that three important geminals arise and account for the majority of dispersion interactions at the long range, even in the many body intramolecular case. Furthermore, it is shown that as few as three localized virtual orbitals per occupied orbital can be enough to capture all pairwise long-range dispersion interactions within a molecule.
Experimental and comparative study of mechanical and electromagnetic aspects of a high-speed permanent magnetic motor with two different magnetic materials
Authors: Woo Jong-Hyeon , Bang Tae-Kyoung , Kim Chang-Woo , Yoon Ick-Jae , Choi Jang-Young
Published: January 2020

This paper compares permanent magnet synchronous motors with rare earth permanent magnets (PM) and those with ferrite PM, and it suggests that ferrite PM can replace rare earth PM. Therefore, the two models with the same output were compared and analyzed by comparing the mechanical and electromagnetic characteristics. Finally, the study is validated experimentally.
The improvement of Mo/4H-SiC Schottky diodes via a P2O5 surface passivation treatment
Authors: Renz A. B. , Shah V. A. , Vavasour O. J. , Bonyadi Y. , Li F. , Dai T. , Baker G. W. C. , Hindmarsh S. , Han Y. , Walker M. , Sharma Y. , Liu Y. , Raghothamachar B. , Dudley M. , Mawby P. A. , Gammon P. M.
Published: January 2020

Molybdenum (Mo)/4H-silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky barrier diodes have been fabricated with a phosphorus pentoxide (P2O5) surface passivation treatment performed on the SiC surface prior to metallization. Compared to the untreated diodes, the P2O5-treated diodes were found to have a lower Schottky barrier height by 0.11 eV and a lower leakage current by two to three orders of magnitude. Physical characterization of the P2O5-treated Mo/SiC interfaces revealed that there are two primary causes for the improvement in electrical performance. First, transmission electron microscopy imaging showed that nanopits filled with silicon dioxide had formed at the surface after the P2O5 treatment that terminates potential leakage paths. Second, secondary ion mass spectroscopy revealed a high concentration of phosphorus atoms near the interface. While only a fraction of these are active, a small increase in doping at the interface is responsible for the reduction in barrier height. Comparisons were made between the P2O5 pretreatment and oxygen (O2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) pretreatments that do not form the same nanopits and do not reduce leakage current. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that SiC beneath the deposited P2O5 oxide retains a Si-rich interface unlike the N2O and O2 treatments that consume SiC and trap carbon at the interface. Finally, after annealing, the Mo/SiC interface forms almost no silicide, leaving the enhancement to the subsurface in place, explaining why the P2O5 treatment has had no effect on nickel- or titanium-SiC contacts.
The Z2×Z2-graded general linear Lie superalgebra
Authors: Isaac Phillip S. , Stoilova N. I. , Van der Jeugt Joris
Published: January 2020

We present a novel realization of the Z2×Z2-graded Lie superalgebra gl(m1,m2|n1,n2) inside an algebraic extension of the enveloping algebra of the Z2-graded Lie superalgebra gl(m|n), with m = m1 + m2 and n = n1 + n2. A consequence of this realization is that the representations of gl(m|n) “lift up” to representations of gl(m1,m2|n1,n2), with matrix elements differing only by a sign, which we are able to characterize concisely.
Design enhances power scalability and selectivity of orbital-angular-momentum light
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: January 2020

Physicists design a setup that could help navigate the emerging field of multimode nonlinear optics.
Structural insight into T cell coinhibition by PD-1H (VISTA)
Authors: Slater Benjamin T. , Han Xue , Chen Lieping , Xiong Yong
Published: January 2020

Programmed death-1 homolog (PD-1H), a CD28/B7 family molecule, coinhibits T cell activation and is an attractive immunotherapeutic target for cancer and inflammatory diseases. The molecular basis of its function, however, is unknown. Bioinformatic analyses indicated that PD-1H has a very long Ig variable region (IgV)-like domain and extraordinarily high histidine content, suggesting that unique structural features may contribute to coinhibitory mechanisms. Here we present the 1.9-Å crystal structure of the human PD-1H extracellular domain. It reveals an elongated CC′ loop and a striking concentration of histidine residues, located in the complementarity-determining region-like proximal half of the molecule. We show that surface-exposed histidine clusters are essential for robust inhibition of T cell activation. PD-1H exhibits a noncanonical IgV-like topology including an extra “H” β-strand and “clamping” disulfide, absent in known IgV-like structures, that likely restricts its orientation on the cell surface differently from other IgV-like domains. These results provide important insight into a molecular basis of T cell coinhibition by PD-1H.
A randomized trial of a lab-embedded discourse intervention to improve research ethics
Authors: Plemmons Dena K. , Baranski Erica N. , Harp Kyle , Lo David D. , Soderberg Courtney K. , Errington Timothy M. , Nosek Brian A. , Esterling Kevin M.
Published: January 2020

We report a randomized trial of a research ethics training intervention designed to enhance ethics communication in university science and engineering laboratories, focusing specifically on authorship and data management. The intervention is a project-based research ethics curriculum that was designed to enhance the ability of science and engineering research laboratory members to engage in reason giving and interpersonal communication necessary for ethical practice. The randomized trial was fielded in active faculty-led laboratories at two US research-intensive institutions. Here, we show that laboratory members perceived improvements in the quality of discourse on research ethics within their laboratories and enhanced awareness of the relevance and reasons for that discourse for their work as measured by a survey administered over 4 mo after the intervention. This training represents a paradigm shift compared with more typical module-based or classroom ethics instruction that is divorced from the everyday workflow and practices within laboratories and is designed to cultivate a campus culture of ethical science and engineering research in the very work settings where laboratory members interact.
Satire as a genre
Authors: Bertuccelli Papi Marcella
Published: January 2020

Many scholars have claimed that satire is a genre. At the same time, however, it is also widely acknowledged that satire has changed over the centuries, that it has taken various forms and that it still appears in a variety of other genres. Far from being a drawback in identifying satire as a genre, I will claim that variability is a natural property of genres if the latter are conceived of as dynamic cognitive categories that emerge out of a complex interplay of heterogeneous factors which cluster differently under the effect of different contextual and cotextual attractors. I will assume that, in satire, these factors include a range of linguistic and rhetorical devices which interact in different ways to dynamically bring about specifically intended effects. I will further claim that understanding satire is a context-sensitive complex process which implies setting up and maintaining multiple mental representations, and drawing pragmatic inferences.
Argumentation as a dimension of discourse
Authors: Labinaz Paolo , Sbisà Marina
Published: January 2020

The aim of this paper is to explore the status of argumentative discourse. We argue that argumentation can contribute to instances of different discourse genres, regardless of whether it is functional to their purposes. By analyzing examples from the daily press in the light of an approach to discourse analysis inspired by pragmatics, we show that also texts that are not expected to be argumentative have underlying argumentative structures and that a text’s being argumentative is a matter of degree: the understanding of underlying argumentative structures contributes to a varying extent to the understanding of what a text as a whole means and of its point in the speech situation. This role of argumentative structures in text understanding suggests considering argumentation as a cognitively-based dimension of discourse, connected to human rationality.
Report on the APMP.PR-S6 : 2012-2013 supplementary comparison of spectral radiance from 250 nm to 2500 nm
Authors: Shin Dong-Joo , Park Seongchong , Lee Dong-Hoon , Caihong Dai , Zhifeng Wu , Yanfei Wang , Khlevnoy Boris , Solodilov Maxim , Kolesnikova Svetlana
Published: January 2020

Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS), National Institute of Metrology (NIM), and All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements (VNIIOFI)

started an international comparison on the spectral radiance over the spectral region from 250

nm to 2500 nm in 2012 and completed all measurements in 2016. The aim of this comparison was to assess the equivalence of the spectral radiance scales between the three laboratories.

This comparison was carried out according to the technical protocol listed in the KCDB under

the identifier APMP.PR-S6. The difference from the reference value (RV) and its uncertainty of each participant of this comparison were calculated by using the relative difference model recommended by the Guidelines for CCPR Comparison Report Preparation. A method (ratio method) to calculate the difference from the RV and its uncertainty was proposed to eliminate the pilot effects involved in the relative difference model. In the ratio method, spectral radiance ratios to the pilot and geometric means were used to calculate the difference from the RV and its uncertainty of each participant. Results of this comparison analyzed using the ratio method showed that differences from the RV of all participants were within their uncertainties (k = 2) except a few wavelengths for each participant.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCPR, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Relations between single and repeated qubit gates: coherent error amplification for high-fidelity quantum-gate tomography
Authors: Vitanov Nikolay V
Published: January 2020

In quantum computation the target fidelity of the qubit gates is very high, with the admissible error being in the range from 10−3 to 10−4 and even less, depending on the protocol. The direct experimental determination of such a tiny error is very challenging by standard quantum-process tomography. Instead, the method of randomized benchmarking, which uses a random sequence of Clifford gates, has become a standard tool for determination of the average gate error as the decay constant in the exponentially decaying fidelity. In this paper, the task for determining a tiny error is addressed by sequentially repeating the same gate multiple times, which leads to the coherent amplification of the error, until it reaches large enough values to be measured reliably. If the transition probability is p = 1 − ϵ with ϵ ≪ 1 in the single process, then classical intuition dictates that the probability after N passes should be

P

N

≈
1
−
N
ϵ

. However, this classical expectation is misleading because it neglects interference effects. This paper presents a rigorous theoretical analysis based on the SU(2) symmetry of the qubit propagator, resulting in explicit analytic relations that link the N-pass propagator to the single-pass one in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. In particular, the relations suggest that in some special cases the N-pass transition probability degrades as

P

N

=
1
−

N

2

ϵ

, i.e. dramatically faster than the classical probability estimate. In the general case, however, the relation between the single-pass and N-pass propagators is much more involved. Recipes are proposed for unambiguous determination of the gate errors in the general case for both Clifford and non-Clifford gates.
The metastable Q 3Δ2 state of ThO: a new resource for the ACME electron EDM search
Authors: Wu X , Han Z , Chow J , Ang D G , Meisenhelder C , Panda C D , West E P , Gabrielse G , Doyle J M , DeMille D
Published: January 2020

The best upper limit for the electron electric dipole moment was recently set by the ACME collaboration. This experiment measures an electron spin-precession in a cold beam of ThO molecules in their metastable

H

(

3

Δ

1

)

state. Improvement in the statistical and systematic uncertainties is possible with more efficient use of molecules from the source and better magnetometry in the experiment, respectively. Here, we report measurements of several relevant properties of the long-lived

Q

(

3

Δ

2

)

state of ThO, and show that this state is a very useful resource for both these purposes. The Q state lifetime is long enough that its decay during the time of flight in the ACME beam experiment is negligible. The large electric dipole moment measured for the Q state, giving rise to a large linear Stark shift, is ideal for an electrostatic lens that increases the fraction of molecules detected downstream. The measured magnetic moment of the Q state is also large enough to be used as a sensitive co-magnetometer in ACME. Finally, we show that the Q state has a large transition dipole moment to the

C

(

1

Π

1

)

state, which allows for efficient population transfer between the ground state

X

(

1

Σ

+

)

and the Q state via

X
−
C
−
Q

Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Passage (STIRAP). We demonstrate 90 % STIRAP transfer efficiency. In the course of these measurements, we also determine the magnetic moment of C state, the

X
→
C

transition dipole moment, and branching ratios of decays from the C state.
Three- and two-dimensional calculations for the interface anisotropy dependence of magnetic properties of exchange-spring Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe multilayers with out-of-plane easy axes*
Authors: Zhao Qian , He Xin-Xin , Morvan Francois-Jacques , Zhao Guo-Ping , Li Zhu-Bai
Published: January 2020

Hysteresis loops, energy products and magnetic moment distributions of perpendicularly oriented Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe exchange-spring multilayers are studied systematically based on both three-dimensional (3D) and one-dimensional (1D) micromagnetic methods, focused on the influence of the interface anisotropy. The calculated results are carefully compared with each other. The interface anisotropy effect is very palpable on the nucleation, pinning and coercive fields when the soft layer is very thin. However, as the soft layer thickness increases, the pinning and coercive fields are almost unchanged with the increment of interface anisotropy though the nucleation field still monotonically rises. Negative interface anisotropy decreases the maximum energy products and increases slightly the angles between the magnetization and applied field. The magnetic moment distributions in the thickness direction at various applied fields demonstrate a progress of three-step magnetic reversal, i.e., nucleation, evolution and irreversible motion of the domain wall. The above results calculated by two models are in good agreement with each other. Moreover, the in-plane magnetic moment orientations based on two models are different. The 3D calculation shows a progress of generation and disappearance of vortex state, however, the magnetization orientations within the film plane calculated by the 1D model are coherent. Simulation results suggest that negative interface anisotropy is necessarily avoided experimentally.
Synthesis, structure, and properties of Ba9Co3Se15 with one-dimensional spin chains*
Authors: Duan Lei , Wang Xian-Cheng , Zhang Jun , Zhao Jian-Fa , Cao Li-Peng , Li Wen-Min , Yu Run-Ze , Deng Zheng , Jin Chang-Qing
Published: January 2020

A new compound with one-dimensional spin chains, Ba9Co3Se15, was synthesized under high pressure and high temperature conditions and systematically characterized via structural, transport and magnetic measurements. Ba9Co3Se15 crystallizes in a hexagonal structure with the space group P-6c2 (No. 188) and lattice constants of a = b = 9.6765 Å and c = 18.9562 Å. The structure consists of trimeric face-sharing octahedral CoSe6 chains, which are arranged in a triangular lattice in the ab-plane and separated by Ba atoms. The distance of the nearest neighbor of CoSe6 chains is very large, given by the lattice constant a = 9.6765 Å. The Weiss temperature Tθ
associated with the intra-chain coupling strength is about −346 K. However, no long-range magnetic order but a spin glass transition at ∼ 3 K has been observed. Our results indicate that the spin glass behavior in Ba9Co3Se15 mainly arises from the magnetic frustration due to the geometrically frustrated triangular lattice.
Enhancement of electron–ion recombination rates at low energy range in the heavy ion storage ring CSRm*
Authors: Khan Nadir , Huang Zhong-Kui , Wen Wei-Qiang , Wang Shu-Xing , Wang Han-Bing , Ma Wan-Lu , Zhu Xiao-Long , Zhao Dong-Mei , Mao Li-Jun , Li Jie , Ma Xiao-Ming , Tang Mei-Tang , Yin Da-Yu , Yang Wei-Qing , Yang Jian-Cheng , Yuan You-Jin , Zhu Lin-Fan , Ma Xin-Wen
Published: January 2020

Recombination of Ar14+, Ar15+, Ca16+, and Ni19+ ions with electrons has been investigated at low energy range based on the merged-beam method at the main cooler storage ring CSRm in the Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou, China. For each ion, the absolute recombination rate coefficients have been measured with electron–ion collision energies from 0 meV to 1000 meV which include the radiative recombination (RR) and also dielectronic recombination (DR) processes. In order to interpret the measured results, RR cross sections were obtained from a modified version of the semi-classical Bethe and Salpeter formula for hydrogenic ions. DR cross sections were calculated by a relativistic configuration interaction method using the flexible atomic code (FAC) and AUTOSTRUCTURE code in this energy range. The calculated RR + DR rate coefficients show a good agreement with the measured value at the collision energy above 100 meV. However, large discrepancies have been found at low energy range especially below 10 meV, and the experimental results show a strong enhancement relative to the theoretical RR rate coefficients. For the electron–ion collision energy below 1 meV, it was found that the experimentally observed recombination rates are higher than the theoretically predicted and fitted rates by a factor of 1.5 to 3.9. The strong dependence of RR rate coefficient enhancement on the charge state of the ions has been found with the scaling rule of q
3.0, reproducing the low-energy recombination enhancement effects found in other previous experiments.
Defect engineering on the electronic and transport properties of one-dimensional armchair phosphorene nanoribbons*
Authors: Xu Huakai , Ouyang Gang
Published: January 2020

We investigate the electronic and transport properties of one-dimensional armchair phosphorene nanoribbons (APNRs) containing atomic vacancies with different distributions and concentrations using ab initio density functional calculations. It is found that the atomic vacancies are easier to form and detain at the edge region rather than a random distribution through analyzing formation energy and diffusion barrier. The highly local defect states are generated at the vicinity of the Fermi level, and emerge a deep-to-shallow transformation as the width increases after introducing vacancies in APNRs. Moreover, the electrical transport of APNRs with vacancies is enhanced compared to that of the perfect counterparts. Our results provide a theoretical guidance for the further research and applications of PNRs through defect engineering.
Diverse estimates of annual maxima daily precipitation in 22 state-of-the-art quasi-global land observation datasets
Authors: Bador Margot , Alexander Lisa V , Contractor Steefan , Roca Remy
Published: January 2020

Observational evidence of precipitation extremes is vital to better understand how these events might change in a future warmer climate. Over the terrestrial regions of a quasi-global domain, we assess the representation of annual maxima of daily precipitation (Rx1day) in 22 observational products gridded at 1° × 1° resolution and clustered into four categories: station-based in situ, satellite observations with or without a correction to rain gauges, and reanalyses (5, 8, 4 and 5 datasets, respectively). We also evaluate the interproduct spread across the ensemble and within the four clusters, as a measure of observational uncertainty. We find that reanalyses present a heterogeneous representation of Rx1day in particular over the tropics, and their interproduct spread is the highest compared to any other cluster. Extreme precipitation in satellite data broadly compares well with in situ-based data. We find a general better agreement with in situ-based observations and less interproduct spread for the satellite products with a correction to rain gauges compared to the uncorrected products. Given the level of uncertainties associated with the estimation of Rx1day in the observations, none of the datasets can be thought of as the best estimate. Our recommendation is to avoid using reanalyses as observational evidence and to consider in situ and satellite data (the corrected version preferably) in an ensemble of products for a better estimation of precipitation extremes and their observational uncertainties. Based on this we choose a subsample of 10 datasets to reduce the interproduct spread in both the representation of Rx1day and its timing throughout the year, compared to all 22 datasets. We emphasize that the recommendations and selection of datasets given here may not be relevant for different precipitation indices, and other grid resolutions and time scales.
Early adaptation to heat waves and future reduction of air-conditioning energy use in Paris
Authors: Viguié Vincent , Lemonsu Aude , Hallegatte Stéphane , Beaulant Anne-Lise , Marchadier Colette , Masson Valéry , Pigeon Grégoire , Salagnac Jean-Luc
Published: January 2020

Some actions intended to adapt to climate change may do more harm than good, especially when they consume energy, making it more difficult to shift to decarbonized energy, or when, in meeting the needs of one group of people, they increase the vulnerability of others. Heat wave risk provides a typical example: air conditioning (AC) equipment may trigger large energy consumption and worsen outdoor heat stress. Alternative adaptation strategies exist, but it is not clear whether they can prevent the massive use of AC. Here, with an interdisciplinary modeling platform, taking Paris as a case study, we provide a first quantified analysis of the efficiency of adaptation strategies (large scale urban greening, building insulation policy, and generalized behavioral changes in AC use) in reducing future potential AC need. We find that even ambitious strategies do not appear sufficient to totally replace AC and ensure thermal comfort, under a median climate change scenario. They can, however, reduce AC energy use by half during heat waves and compensate for the heat released to the outdoor environment. Our results show that adaptation actions, implemented early, may play a key role if we are to remain on a low-carbon pathway.