bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Iris Recognition System Based on Intersecting Cortical Model Neural Network
Authors: Xu Guangzhu , Zang Zaifeng
Published: February 2011

Iris recognition has been shown to be very accurate for human identification. In this article, an efficient iris recognition system based on Intersecting Cortical Model (ICM) neural network is presented which includes two parts mainly. The first part is image preprocessing which has three steps. First, iris location is implemented based on local areas. Then the localized iris area is normalized into rectangular region with a fixed size. At last the iris image enhancement is implemented. In the second part, the ICM neural network is used to generate iris codes and the Hamming Distance between two iris codes is calculated to measure the dissimilarity of them. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm, CASIA v1.0 iris image database is used and the recognition results are encouraging.
An Operational Semantics of Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA)
Authors: Wang Yingxu , Ngolah Cyprian F.
Published: February 2011

The need for new forms of mathematics to express software engineering concepts and entities has been widely recognized. Real-time process algebra (RTPA) is a denotational mathematical structure and a system modeling methodology for describing the architectures and behaviors of real-time and nonreal-time software systems. This article presents an operational semantics of RTPA, which explains how syntactic constructs in RTPA can be reduced to values on an abstract reduction machine. The operational semantics of RTPA provides a comprehensive paradigm of formal semantics that establishes an entire set of operational semantic rules of software. RTPA has been successfully applied in real-world system modeling and code generation for software systems, human cognitive processes, and intelligent systems.
Robust Independent Component Analysis for Cognitive Informatics
Authors: Gadhok N. , Kinner W.
Published: February 2011

This article evaluates the outlier sensitivity of five independent component analysis (ICA) algorithms (FastICA, Extended Infomax, JADE, Radical, and ß-divergence) using (a) the Amari separation performance index, (b) the optimum angle of rotation error, and (c) the contrast function difference in an outlier-contaminated mixture simulation. The Amari separation performance index has revealed a strong sensitivity of JADE and FastICA (using third- and fourth-order nonlinearities) to outliers. However, the two contrast measures demonstrated conclusively that ß-divergence is the least outlier-sensitive algorithm, followed by Radical, FastICA (exponential and hyperbolic-tangent nonlinearities), Extended Infomax, JADE, and FastICA (third- and fourth-order nonlinearities) in an outlier-contaminated mixture of two uniformly distributed signals. The novelty of this article is the development of an unbiased optimization-landscape environment for assessing outlier sensitivity, as well as the optimum angle of rotation error and the contrast function difference as promising new measures for assessing the outlier sensitivity of ICA algorithms.
Categorical Approaches to Models and Behaviors of Autonomic Agent Systems
Authors: Cong-Vinh Phan
Published: February 2011

A new computing paradigm is currently on the spot: interaction based on series of actions. Most of autonomic agent systems (AASs) exploit this type of interaction to self-adjust their autonomous behaviors as a fundamental operational paradigm. At an interaction interface, actions evolve over time, hence series of actions occurs as a royal candidate for modeling, specifying, programming, and verifying AASs. For considering AASs, series of actions and adaptation relations; our formal approach consists, in particular, of categorical models and behaviors such that, firstly , AASs, series of actions and adaptation relations will categorically be modeled to provide algebraic frameworks for development of reasoning on their behaviors and, secondly, categorical behaviors of AASs, series of action and adaptation relations will be investigated and developed taking advantage of their categorical models.
Interactive Design Method of Agent System for Symbiotic Computing
Authors: Uchiya Takahiro , Maemura Takahide , Hara Hideki , Sugawara Kenji , Kinoshita Tetsuo
Published: February 2011

Agent-based systems have been designed and developed using recent agent technologies. However, design and debugging of these systems is difficult because agents have situational and nondeterministic behavior and because effective design support technologies have not been proposed. To raise the efficiency of the agent system design process, we propose an interactive design method of an agent system founded on an agent-repository-based multiagent framework that emphasizes an important feature of agent system design: the use and reuse of existing agents from an agent repository. We propose an interactive design environment of agent system (IDEA) and demonstrate its effectiveness.
Ambient Intelligence on the Dance Floor
Authors: Seif El-Nasr Magy , Vasilakos Athanasios V.
Published: February 2011

With the evolution of intelligent devices, sensors, and ambient intelligent systems, it is not surprising to see many research projects starting to explore the design of intelligent artifacts in the area of art and technology; these projects take the form of art exhibits, interactive performances, and multi-media installations. In this paper, we seek to propose a new architecture for an ambient intelligent dance performance space. Dance is an art form that seeks to explore the use of gesture and body as means of artistic expression. This paper proposes an extension to the medium of expression currently used in dance?we seek to explore the use of the dance environment itself, including the stage lighting and music, as a medium for artistic reflection and expression. To materialize this vision, the performance space will be augmented with several sensors: physiological sensors worn by the dancers, as well as pressure sensor mats installed on the floor to track dancers’ movements. Data from these sensors will be passed into a three layered architecture: a layer analyzes sensor data collected from physiological and pressure sensors. Another layer intelligently adapts the lighting and music to portray the dancer’s physiological state given artistic patterns authored through specifically developed tools; and, lastly, a layer for presenting the music and lighting changes in the physical dance environment.
Kansei Experience
Authors: Salem Ben , Nakatsu Ryohei , Rauterberg Matthias
Published: February 2011

We propose that Information and Communication Technology should deliver a new experience to the user. We call this experience Kansei Experience. To deliver it we advocate the reliance on a new computing paradigm called cultural computing. Within this paradigm, we develop the concept of Kansei Media and how it could be implemented via Kansei Mediated Interaction. Kansei Media is about sharing implicit knowledge such as feelings, emotions and moods. We aim for a Kansei Experience, rendered by Kansei Media, which relates to reality, and enhances it to enlighten the user. To do so we investigate the aesthetics of the experience we wish to produce. Finally, to develop the concept of Kansei Mediated Experience we refer two cultures (Western and Eastern) and use famous stories from both as means of delivering guidelines for the implementation of Kansei Experience.
The Cognitive Informatics Theory and Mathematical Models of Visual Information Processing in the Brain
Authors: Wang Yingxu
Published: February 2011

It is recognized that the internal mechanisms for visual information processing are based on semantic inferences where visual information is represented and processed as visual semantic objects rather than direct images or episode pictures in the long-term memory. This article presents a cognitive informatics theory of visual information and knowledge processing in the brain. A set of cognitive principles of visual perception is reviewed particularly the classic gestalt principles, the cognitive informatics principles, and the hypercolumn theory. A visual frame theory is developed to explain the visual information processing mechanisms of human vision, where the size of a unit visual frame is tested and calibrated based on vision experiments. The framework of human visual information processing is established in order to elaborate mechanisms of visual information processing and the compatibility of internal representations between visual and abstract information and knowledge in the brain.
On Hierarchical Content-Based Image Retrieval by Dynamic Indexing and Guided Search
Authors: You Jane , Li Qin , Wang Jinghua
Published: February 2011

This paper presents a new approach to content-based image retrieval by using dynamic indexing and guided search in a hierarchical structure, and extending data mining and data warehousing techniques. The proposed algorithms include a wavelet-based scheme for multiple image feature extraction, the extension of a conventional data warehouse and an image database to an image data warehouse for dynamic image indexing. It also provides an image data schema for hierarchical image representation and dynamic image indexing, a statistically based feature selection scheme to achieve flexible similarity measures, and a feature component code to facilitate query processing and guide the search for the best matching. A series of case studies are reported, which include a wavelet-based image color hierarchy, classification of satellite images, tropical cyclone pattern recognition, and personal identification using multi-level palmprint and face features. Experimental results confirm that the new approach is feasible for content-based image retrieval.
Entropy-Based Fabric Weave Pattern Indexing and Classification
Authors: Zheng Dejun , Baciu George , Hu Jinlian
Published: February 2011

In textile design, fabric weave pattern indexing and searching require extensive manual operations. There has been little or no research on index and efficient search algorithms for fabric weave patterns. In this regard, we propose a method to index and search fabric weave patterns. The paper uses pattern clusters, boundary description code, neighbor transitions, Entropy and Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) directionality as a hybrid approach for the cognitive analysis of fabric texture. Then, we perform a comparison and classification of a wide variety of weave patterns. There are three common patterns used in textile design: (1) plain weave, (2) twill weave, and (3) satin weave. First, we classify weave patterns into these three categories according to the industrial weave pattern definition and weave point distribution characteristics. Second, we use FFT to describe the weave point distribution. Finally, an Entropy-based method is used to compute the weave point distribution and use this to generate a significant texture index value. Our experiments show that the proposed approach achieves the expected match for classifying and prioratizing weave texture patterns.
Beyond Knowledge Management
Authors: Grace Audrey , Butler Tom
Published: February 2011

In the knowledge economy, a firm’s intellectual capital represents the only sustainable source of competitive advantage; accordingly, the ability to learn, and to manage the learning process are key success factors for firms. The knowledge management approach to learning in organizations has achieved limited success, primarily because it has focused on knowledge as a resource rather than on learning as a people process. Many world-class organizations, such as Procter & Gamble, Cisco Systems and Deloitte Consulting, are now employing a new breed of systems known as Learning Management Systems (LMS) to foster and manage learning within their organizations1. This article reports on the deployment of an LMS by a major US multinational, CEM Corporation, and proposes a framework for understanding learning in organizations, which highlights the roles that LMS can play in today’s knowledge-intensive organizations.
Adoption & Implementation of IT in Developing Nations
Authors: Tarafdar Monideepa , Vaidya Sanjiv D.
Published: February 2011

This case describes challenges in the adoption and implementation of IT in two public sector enterprises in the postal and distribution businesses respectively, in India. In spite of similarities in the scale of operations and the general cultural contexts, the IT adoption processes and outcomes of the two organizations were significantly different. While one failed to implement IT in its crucial processes, the other responded effectively to changes in external conditions by developing and using IT applications for critical functions. The case illustrates how differences in organizational factors such as top management commitment, unions, middle management participation, capabilities of IS professionals and specific aspects of organization culture resulted in such differences. The case is interesting and significant because it is representative of experiences of many government-aided organizations in India, which have undertaken IT modernization as a response to external changes and government mandates. The findings can also be generalized across similar organizations in other developing countries.
Development of KABISA
Authors: Van den Ende Jef , Laganà Stefano , Blot Koenraad , Bisoffi Zeno , Van den Enden Erwin , Vermeulen Louis
Published: February 2011

KABISA is a computer-based program for training in diagnostic problems in (sub-) tropical regions. It challenges the individual student with a randomly generated case, for which he should try to find the diagnosis, asking questions, performing a physical examination, and ordering tests. The built-in tutor follows the student’s input with complex logical algorithms and mathematical computations, gives comments and support, and accepts the final diagnosis if sufficient evidence has been built up. Several problems arose with the development. In the first place, the evolution in the teaching of clinical logic is always ahead of the program, so regular updating of the computer logic is necessary. Secondly, the choice of MS Access as computer language has provoked problems of stability, especially the installation of an MS Access runtime. Thirdly, and most importantly, scholars want proof of the added value of computer programs over classical teaching. Moreover, the concept of a pedagogical “game” is often regarded as childish. Finally, the planning and financing of an “open-ended” pedagogical project is questioned by deciders, as is the case with all operational research.
Automotive Industry Information Systems
Authors: Howard Mickey , Powell Philip , Vidgen Richard
Published: February 2011

Building cars to customer order has been the goal of volume vehicle manufacturers since the birth of mass production. Eliminating the vast stocks of unsold vehicles held in distribution parks around the world represents potential savings worth billions, yet the current supply chain resembles islands of control, driven by production push. Despite recent advances in information technology offering total visibility and real-time information flow, transforming an “old world” industry to adopt customer responsiveness and build-to-order represents a significant step change. This requires overcoming barriers both within and between supply partners and at all levels of the supply chain. Yet, what are these barriers really like and how can the industry overcome them?
A Case of Information Systems Pre-Implementation Failure
Authors: Schneider Christoph , Sarker Suprateek
Published: February 2011

This case study examines an often overlooked context of information system failures, that of pre-implementation failure. It focuses on an Information Systems Development (ISD) project at a large public university that failed even before implementation could get under way. Specifically, it describes the vendor selection process of a proposed computerized maintenance management system. While the managers in charge of the project took great care to avoid commonly discussed types of information systems failures by emphasizing user involvement and trying to select the best possible system they could afford, non-functional requirements, procedures as outlined in the RFP, and the roles of relevant but relatively “hidden” decision makers during the pre-implementation stage of the project were overlooked. This led to the termination of the project after an appeal was lodged by a software vendor whose product had not been selected for implementation.
Social Construction of Information Technology Supporting Work
Authors: Ramos Isabel , Berry Daniel M.
Published: February 2011

In the beginning of 1999, the CIO of a Portuguese company in the automobile industry was debating with himself whether to abandon or to continue supporting the MIS his company had been using for years. This MIS had been supporting the company’s production processes and the procurement of resources for these processes. However, in spite of the fact that the MIS system had been deployed under the CIO’s tight control, the CIO felt strong opposition to the use of this MIS system, opposition that was preventing the MIS system from being used to its full potential. Moreover, the CIO was at lost as to how to ensure greater compliance to his control and fuller use of the MIS system. Therefore, the CIO decided that he needed someone external to the company to help him understand the fundamental reasons, technical, social, or cultural, for the opposition to the MIS system.
The Columbia Disaster
Authors: Guthrie Ruth , Shayo Conrad
Published: February 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is a government organization, founded to explore space to better understand our own planet and the universe around us. Over NASA’s history, there have been unprecedented successes: Apollo missions that put people into space and walking on the moon, the remarkable findings of the Hubble space telescope and the Space Shuttle Program, allowing astronauts to perform scientific experiments in orbit from a reusable space vehicle. NASA continues to be a source of national wonder and pride for the United States and the world. However, NASA has failures too. In February of 2002, the Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrated as it returned to Earth. This event occurred 16 years after the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded during take-off. As information was collected, investigators found that many of the problems uncovered during the Challenger investigation were also factors for Columbia. Underlying both disasters was the problem of relaying complex engineering information to management, in an environment driven by schedule and budget pressure. Once again, NASA is looking at ways to better manage space programs in an environment of limited resources.
CRM Systems in German Hospitals
Authors: Raisinghani Mahesh S. , Tan E-Lin , Untama Jose Antonio , Weiershaus Heidi , Levermann Thomas , Verdeflor Natalie
Published: February 2011

German public hospitals face governmental and regulatory pressures to implement efficiency and effectiveness metrics, such as the classification of a Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) system, by the year 2005. The current average patient stay of nine days in German hospitals is relatively high compared to France with 5.5 days and USA with 6.2 days. CRM will help increase customer satisfaction, loyalty and retention. Multiple case studies, including one German hospital compared to two Dutch hospitals, as well as interviews with the management of two additional German hospitals, reveal that no hospital currently has an integrated CRM system. Rather, separate organizational functions collect and store quantitative and qualitative patient data. Furthermore, the challenges of data sharing and data security are significant barriers for technological changes in hospitals. This study focuses on CRM in a modern German hospital as it realigns its processes and strategies in order to focus on efficiency and customer satisfaction in a very competitive market.
Information System for a Volunteer Center
Authors: Chalasani Suresh , Baldwin Dirk , Souderpandian Jayavel
Published: February 2011

This case focuses on the development of information systems for not-for-profit volunteer-based organizations. Specifically, we discuss an information system project for the Volunteer Center of Racine (VCR). This case targets the analysis and design phase of the project using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) methodology, database modeling, and aspects of project management including scope and risk management. Students must decide how to proceed, including recommending an IT solution, managing risk, managing scope, projecting a schedule, and managing personnel. The rewards and special issues involved with systems for not-for-profit organizations will be revealed. This case can be used in a variety of courses, including systems analysis and design, database management systems, and project management.
Infosys Technologies Limited
Authors: Chatterjee Debabroto , Watson Rick
Published: February 2011

Infosys Technologies Ltd., one of the world’s most profitable IT services company, implemented a customer relationship management (CRM) system called CIMBA – Customer Information Management By All. This customer-focused system was conceived and designed to improve communication and collaboration between the company and its customers. By seamlessly integrating the front-end sales system with the back-end delivery system, CIMBA was expected to further enhance the company’s IT solutions delivery capability. This case provides insights into the factors that triggered the need for developing such an integrated CRM solution and how the company went about developing and launching this system. It also brings to light the various challenges associated with the implementation of this IS solution.
Lab Development for Delivering Information Systems Courses Online at Small Campuses
Authors: Chao Li
Published: February 2011

In this case study, you will encounter some of the issues of lab development for delivering lab-based information systems courses online. Many small campuses have very limited budget or no budget at all for the computer lab specifically designed for information systems majors. Sometimes, even with new computers purchased, very few people know how to set them up for lab-based information systems (IS) courses. What are the software and hardware requirements for getting the lab online? How much will it cost? Where can you find resources for the lab development? To ensure quality teaching on IS-related topics, you have to deal with these issues. This case study will discuss how to create a lab that allows students to get hands-on practice for courses such as network management or database processing online with a shoestring budget.
Nazar Foods Company
Authors: Polatoglu Vichuda Nui
Published: February 2011

Nazar Group of Companies has been a leading producer and distributor of cookies, crackers, cakes, chocolate, and other products in Turkey for more than 40 years. This case is about the group’s management roles in transforming the companies into a more consumer-focused orientation using supply chain management philosophy as a strategic framework. Descriptions of supporting business systems were summarized along with the challenges and problems facing managers in effective utilization of these systems in practice.
The Online Effect
Authors: Mawson-Lee Kym
Published: February 2011

This case centres on a request management system that was developed and implemented in response to the growing requests to the Information Technology (IT) unit for assistance. Primarily, this assistance was with a core corporate application called WorkDesk, a back office processing system. The request management system, an IT unit initiative, was designed in collaboration with representatives of the organisation’s business units. The initial development project lasted for approximately two months and upon implementation was well received by the organisation. This first implementation turned out to be a proof of concept for a much larger system called the Request System that has been developed and implemented as a single online channel to manage all requests made of the IT unit. The Request System has greatly increased the ability of the IT unit to strategically manage IT and its support across the organisation. The core benefit of this case is the discussion of the successful development of an online task management system and its 10 key functions. This system effectively manages all requests made to the IT unit and introduced accountability for its completion. The system described can be easily repurposed based upon the knowledge demonstrated in this case study for a wide range of task management purposes. The situation described in this case resulted in the organisation’s maturing in terms of IT understanding, an issue with which many organisations are struggling and one that, if understood, will assist students to have a positive impact on similar organisations.
Using the Railway Mobile Terminals in the Process of Validation and Vending Tickets
Authors: Horvat Marko , Zagar Mario
Published: February 2011

This article describes the functional and technical side of Railways Ltd. mobile terminals project. The advantage of mobile terminals lies in the greater efficiency of railway tickets vending, the control and real-time supervision of complete process of vending tickets in the country. Mobile terminals allow railway conductors to automatically vend and verify tickets. Also, information about each sold ticket is transmitted wirelessly via GSM/GRPS in real time or near real time. The information about sold tickets is received by the central server and stored in the main database. The data are available for analysis and report making.
Competing in the Age of Information Technology in a Developing Economy
Authors: Sachan Amit , Ali Anwar
Published: February 2011

This case describes how banking in India has changed after developments in information technology in the last decade. The new private and foreign banks, which are strong in technology, are giving tough competition to old public sector banks. Private banks have pioneered Internet banking, phone banking, anywhere banking, mobile banking, debit cards, automatic teller machines (ATMs), and retail banking in urban India. This case is about the VN Bank, a public sector bank that has to formulate its strategy in order to compete in this new environment. The case also explores the opportunity and challenges for the bank in rural India and makes readers think about how information technology can help the bank in building a strong position in the rural markets. The findings of the case study also can be generalized across other developing countries, where domestic companies are facing tough competition from foreign and private players.
IT Uptake and Integration Across a Temporary Project Organisation in the Construction Industry
Authors: Brewer Graham J. , Gajendran Thayaparan , Chen Swee Eng
Published: February 2011

The case study, funded by the Co-operative Research Centre for Construction Innovation (CRC-CI) in Australia, examines the adoption and integration of IT to facilitate supply-chain activities by a temporary project organisation that was assembled to complete a portion of a major construction project in New Zealand. It consisted of a number of consultants, suppliers, and contractors from three different countries operating in a fourth country, which delivered the major architectural feature for an award-winning building. The case study explores both the interplay between IT and its various users, and its impact on business relationships in an industry traditionally characterised by its litigious, short-term, project focus.
Make, Source, or Buy
Authors: Ross Steven C. , Burton Brian K. , Tyran Craig K.
Published: February 2011

The College of Business (COB) at Northern Washington University (NWU) needs new data systems to provide reports and information both internally and for its external accrediting body. Dewitt Brown, COB’s associate dean, has been tasked with determining COB’s needs and developing recommendations for sources of systems. COB could develop the systems internally since it has database expertise among its faculty and staff. Or, it could outsource to NWU’s information technology staff. A third option, at least for some systems, is to purchase from an outside vendor. The decision is crucial: efficient, accurate reporting of data is key to COB’s strategic plan to continue its accreditation as well as ensure that operations are smooth as possible. If COB were to lose its accreditation, it would lose status and likely lose funding and students as well.
The Snakes and Ladders Game in E-Business
Authors: Ranganathan C. , Seo Dong Back
Published: February 2011

American Hardware Depot (AHD), a retailer of hardware and home improvement products, sells over 65,000 products through its network of 4,500 stores nationwide that are operated by owner dealers. While rivals such as Home Depot were quick to launch their e-business efforts, AHD was late to embrace technology as well as electronic retailing. Though some of the AHD’s e-business efforts met with moderate success, others faced severe challenges. AHD invested over $5 million as a minority equity stake in Americanhome.com in return for this dot-com firm acting as an online front-end store for AHD—however, this effort failed within a year. AHD was at a critical inflexion point. AHD seeks to enhance its e-business efforts in at least three major areas: (1) to connect its dealers who had varied business processes and technologies, (2) to market and sell its products through the Web, and (3) to streamline its supply chain operations. A newly appointed vice president of e-business has to find solutions to the challenges facing AHD.
The First ERP Upgrade Project at DSW
Authors: Zarotsky Marta , Pliskin Nava , Heart Tsipi
Published: February 2011

While abundant research deals with risks of ERP implementation, only a handful deal with ERP upgrades. This case study describes the first ERP upgrade project at the Dead Sea Works (DSW) chemical company. Whereas DSW succeeded in completing the initial ERP implementation project within budget and six months ahead of schedule, the first ERP upgrade project was fraught with difficulties in project planning, schedule control, cost containment, risk assessment, and employee involvement. Based on this case analysis, it is possible to conclude that the first ERP upgrade project at DSW was much more complicated than originally expected.
Securing E-Learning Systems
Authors: Ramim Michelle , Levy Yair
Published: February 2011

The growing use of e-learning systems has been documented by numerous studies (Levy, 2005). Yet in spite of this enormous growth, little attention has been given to the issue of security of e learning systems both in research and in practice. Security of e-learning systems has a unique challenge as these systems are accessed and managed via the Internet by thousands of users over hundreds of networks. However, the Internet can pose security threats such as unauthorized access, hacking/cracking, obtaining sensitive information, and altering data and configuration, as well as enabling academic misconduct incidents (Freeh, 2000; Ramim, 2005; Sridhar & Bhasker, 2003). At the same time, cyber attacks have proliferated significantly in recent years. As a result, proper IT policies and procedures, in particular ones related to security of information systems, have become critical for organizations. This case study was written from the IS consultant’s point of view and addresses the issues related to insider cyber attacks combined with novice IT management knowledge in a small university. After a year of substantial growth to its online learning program, the university in this case study experienced a devastating event that halted all academic activities enabled by the institution’s e-learning system. This case reveals that internal cyber attack as well as lack of proper IT policies and procedures all resulted in multiple instances of damage to the e-learning system. The case provides detailed documentation on the security audit performed as well as stimulation for class discussions on actions to be taken as a result of the insider’s cyber attack. Additionally, this case study attempts to provide a starting point on discussions in the area of security related to e-learning systems. It is hoped that this case study will stimulate discussions among practitioners and researchers related to e-learning systems security, and that it will help prevent such incidents from occurring at other academic institutions.
Secure Authentication Process for High Sensitive Data E-Services
Authors: Ardagna Claudio Agostino , Damiani Ernesto , Frati Fulvio , Reale Salvatore
Published: February 2011

The widespread diffusion of distributed services, providing access to resources through the Net, has stressed the need of secure ways to authenticate users. The heterogeneity of resources leads to different authentication mechanisms implementations often requiring multiple log-on actions also in intra-domain multi-services scenario. The article presents a roadmap on authentication mechanisms implemented at different levels of services’ software structure.
Facing the Challenges of Multi-Channel Publishing in a Newspaper Company
Authors: Salminen Airi , Hakaniemi Kirsi
Published: February 2011

The study describes the transfer from paper-based publishing to multi-channel publishing in a Finnish newspaper publishing company and how this was experienced by the participants. The case analysis covers the news products of the company, the editorial processes, actors in the processes, the tools used to produce and manage news content, and the problems faced.
Electronic Commerce Travel
Authors: Pedersen Eric , Paper David
Published: February 2011

The case study describes a small travel company that conducts business exclusively on the Internet. The case elucidates the many problems that the company faced as it tried to survive in a turbulent environment. Survival hinged on the company’s ability to strategically and tactically execute a business plan based on the technical acumen, loyalty, and hard work of its small group of talented people. The technical alternatives are described and explained within the context of a travel company seeking to use and develop new technology to improve productivity and increase profits. Additionally, the strategic need for market flexibility, adaptability, and diversification, especially in times of unexpected events and or problems, are examined. Finally, the company’s process for controlling costs are identified and explored.
Promoting the Use of ICT for Education in a Traditional University
Authors: Cordón Oscar , Anaya Karina , González Arturo , Pinzón Susana
Published: February 2011

This case study describes the whole procedure followed for the creation of a specific service structure to manage the promotion of the use of ICT and e-learning in the educational processes of a large, traditional, five century-old university, the University of Granada in Spain. The finally decided structure for its Virtual Learning Center as regards the institution needs is described, as well as the academic staff ICT formation program, the technology choice and the online courses developed. Finally, the new challenges faced by the institution are identified.
The UAB Virtual Campus
Authors: Yábar José Manuel , Hernández Jesús. , Roldán Pedro López , Castellà Joaquim
Published: February 2011

The university is currently involved—within Europe—in a process of coordinating higher education for adaptation to the new ECTS European credits, which implies changing from a teacher-centred model (teacher conveys knowledge) to a learner-centred model, a real challenge. Since 1996, the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) has been carrying out the “Campus Virtual de la UAB” project. This platform fulfils several roles that aim at providing an answer to this challenge. This article will focus on how to use the communication and discussion functionalities between teachers and students, between students themselves, and on monitoring of the students’ learning process.
Excellence in Virtual Education
Authors: Bosom Ángeles , Fernández Elisa , Hernández María José , García Francisco José , Seoane Antonio
Published: February 2011

It is a fact that the notion of education has been changing over the last years, mainly because of information and communication technologies (ICTs). In this globalized world, we are swamped by information, and the key issue is to surf it and choose the appropriate bit. This wealth of information, and the need of constantly updating knowledge in order to carry out our work in the way we are demanded to by society, turn learning into lifelong self-training. This article aims to present the experience of collaborative work in a virtual learning scenario held by the University of Salamanca, Clay Formación Internacional, and Asociación Logo in the continuing education and specialist course Technologies and networked training methodologies: Tutor online. Being former students, now we belong to the tutor and scientific team. The Tutor online project (TOL) is an instance of how to widespread quality continuing education and smooth away the access to it. Its asynchronous nature allows each individual to adapt it to their own particular time and space needs.
High Sierra Industries
Authors: Kerr Stephen G. , Crews Janna M. , Jooste Simon
Published: February 2011

High Sierra Industries (HSI) is a not-for-profit (NFP) organization with the dual purpose of being a competitive light manufacturer, while also providing productive jobs for physically and mentally disabled members of the community. This case documents how HSI’s accounting information system (AIS) failed to evolve with organizational needs. Throughout the case, HSI was able to rely upon temporary system fixes each time it faced a system failure. Each temporary fix brings them closer to a debilitating loss of information and business functionality. The case places the reader in the shoes of a student/consultant (SC) who was called upon to help HSI plan its next revision of the AIS. Analysis confirms the need for new software and renewed attention to internal controls. A legitimate debate among corporate directors and officers about priorities resulted in decision-making gridlock. This case consequently draws attention to the role of governance in a NFP and the leadership dynamics necessary for a systems project. The five key stakeholders are the chief executive officer (CEO), operations manager, accountant, an executive board member, and the SC. They need to find a way to move forward. The SC decides to use an evaluation matrix to organize the competing perspectives to help HSI decide on the goals of its first planned system development life cycle.
Information Technology Adoption and the Role of Organizational Readiness
Authors: Tarafdar Monideepa , Vaidya Sanjiv D.
Published: February 2011

This case describes the evolution of the use of information technology (IT) at National Banking Services, one of the oldest banks in India. It describes the bank’s response to economic liberalization and the resulting initiatives for IT adoption. It highlights the influence of organizational readiness on IT adoption. In particular, it describes the negative influence on IT adoption of conditions such as the lack of top management support, skeptical end-user attitudes about the benefits of IT, and resistance from employee unions. The case ends with a description of the changing role of IT in the banking industry in India and the challenges confronting the bank.
E-ZPass and the Ohio Turnpike
Authors: Rich Eliot
Published: February 2011

“Stop Stopping, Get Going”. The Commonwealth of Virginia’s (2005) slogan tells much of the E-ZPass story. Electronic toll collection reduces delays, eliminates fumbling for change, and trims air pollution from idling vehicles. In 2006, 9 million accounts recorded over 2 billion road, bridge, and tunnel transactions, and customer satisfaction is high. The Ohio Turnpike, a non-E-ZPass toll road, serves over 50 million vehicles annually. Its management has been reluctant to implement E-ZPass because of high costs and questions about its value to Ohio drivers. After many years of rumination the Ohio Turnpike Commission announced its intention to implement E-ZPass technology by 2009 (Ohio Turnpike Commission, 2007). This case study reviews the Turnpike’s operations, the use of electronic tolling in other states, and the information technology and political environment needed to support its implementation.
Xceed
Authors: Kamel Sherif , Hussein Maha
Published: February 2011

The global spending on outsourcing has exceeded one trillion U.S. dollars in 2000 and it is expected to reach much higher heights by 2010. Outsourcing represents a major opportunity for developing nations with different capacities and skills in the field of information and communication technology (ICT) coupled with communication, business, and marketing capacities of their human capital. Contact centers are one of the growing trends that can benefit from the opportunities enabled through outsourcing. Over the last decade, India, the Philippines, and Mexico took the lead in the contact center industry in the context of developing nations. Moreover, in the 1990s Egypt, through its massive efforts to position itself as one of the ICT hubs in the Middle East, had started its efforts to develop itself as a destination for offshore outsourcing as well as penetrating the global marketplace for contact centers. This case demonstrates the process of establishing Xceed, the pioneer contact center in Egypt serving a global community of customers and excelling to become one of the brand names of the industry worldwide.
The Implementation of DSpace at the InterContinental Hotels Group
Authors: King Michael A.
Published: February 2011

The InterContinental Hotels Group (http://www.ihgplc.com) is the world’s largest hospitality and accommodation provider by room count. 2002 was a banner growth year for the corporate and the volume of customer relationship management projects and resulting reports posed a digital retention problem. To address their knowledge management challenge, the Decision Science Support department initiated a digital repository and archiving project. The original project scope was for a departmental solution but after implementation, other departments quickly realized the value of virtual communities of practice and the Decision Science Support department made the DSpace platform available to the global enterprise.
GENESIS XXI
Authors: Lorenzo Carlota , Gómez-Borja Miguel A. , Lorenzo Aurora
Published: February 2011

This case describes an information and communication technology company -GENESIS XXI- whose main objective consists in introducing new Information and Communication Technologies into entrepreneurial associations and Small and Medium Enterprises in Castilla-La Mancha (Spain) to improve their competitiveness. The history, company evolution, business lines and client portfolio, management and strategy structure, some sales and employment data, the technological structure, key success factors of the company, and main projects currently introduced in the entrepreneurial environment, are detailed. Finally, technological tools for successfully developing new ventures based on information technology opportunities, as well as the main challenges and problems that the organization faced by the company, are identified.
Information Technology Systems Deliver Competitiveness for ABC Parcel Services
Authors: Bhaskar Rahul
Published: February 2011

ABC Parcel Services is a leader in package delivery via ground and air shipping. It has provided services internationally as well as in all the 50 United States for almost 100 years. At the beginning of 2001, the CEO and the management of the company were faced with an unusual fiercely competitive market and rapidly changing customer requirements. The automation implemented thus far did not justify premium prices from the customers anymore. Customers were able to receive the same services that ABC was able to provide using this automation, at competitive prices from other providers in the market. It was obvious to the management that a value added service had to be provided to keep the edge over the competition. Looking at the changing business landscape, one area that was identified as critical was a customer centric approach using automation. The results from the implementation of such a system were expected to be tremendous for the organization to counter the competitive pressure of rival organizations and maintain market leadership.
Information Technology
Authors: Sahu G.P. , Dwivedi Prabhudatt
Published: February 2011

Small scale industries (SSI) have a significant role in the Indian economy in view of its contribution to production, employment, and export. However, since 1991 small scale industries in India find themselves in an intensely competitive environment due to globalization, domestic economic liberalization, and dilution of sector specific protective measures. The formation of World Trade Organization in 1995 also forced the member countries (including India) to drastically scale down the restrictions on import. This article analyzes the various factors influencing the growth of small scale industries in India. Information Technology (IT) is one of the significant factors, which is, in general, not used by the small scale industries in India for their production and business process, in the growth of small scale industries in India. Further on the basis of Nolan’s ‘Stages of growth model’ the stages of use of information technology in small scale industries are studied.
How to Disseminate Professional Knowledge in Healthcare
Authors: Persson Anne , Stirna Janis , Aggestam Lena
Published: February 2011

Undertaking to implement a knowledge management approach is inherently difficult and risky for organizations. This article describes and discusses an implementation of a knowledge management system that took place at Skaraborg Hospital, a group of hospitals in the South West of Sweden. The article describes how the implementation process was carried out. Based on the experiences from this case and some previous cases, the article suggests a number of best practices for implementing a knowledge management approach.
Online Marketing of a Dental Supply E-Store on a Tight Budget
Authors: Gadish David
Published: February 2011

Dental offices have been switching to online purchasing of their dental supplies and equipment. This case presents the marketing strategy for a newly created online store for a dental supply company. The online store provides dentists with over 16,000 different dental products from alloys to dental instruments to x-ray products. Online sales are a more efficient approach to the traditional catalog order method where dentists place orders with a salesperson, call in, or fax their orders. Online, as well as traditional marketing techniques have been incorporated into a marketing campaign to promote online sales. The process and challenges of marketing this Web site with a tight budget are discussed. Results of the first two years of marketing efforts are reported.
Requirements Analysis and Implementation
Authors: Ardalan Ali , Ardalan Roya K. , Coppage Samuel
Published: February 2011

This case deals with issues related to conversion of a mostly manual information system to an electronic information system where the new system significantly changes the way users interact with the system. The case focuses on the elements of analysis and design, followed by implementation and results. This case provides scenarios and settings that may be used for role plays and group discussions to highlight the importance and the need for following the accepted systems analysis and design steps in the analysis, design, and implementation of IT systems.