bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Spirocyclic Seco Structure of the Principal Vetiver Odorant Khusimone
Authors: Kraft Philip , Denizot Natacha
Published: November 2012

The three‐dimensional structure of tricyclic compounds with a zero‐bridge to one bridgehead atom is determined by the underlying spirocyclic framework. (–)‐Khusimone (1), the principal odorant of vetiver oil (content up to 2 %), is such a tricyclic norsesquiterpene, and dissection of the 7,8‐bond between the methylene and the gem‐dimethyl unit of 1 results in a spirocycle extending over an almost identical molecular volume and shape. Given that the “vetiver rule” postulates that one α‐branched carbonyl osmophore in a certain spatial distance to a bulky moiety is responsible for the odor of vetiver, a 7,8‐seco structure of 1 could prove or disprove these structural requirements. Therefore, (4R*,5R*)‐7‐isopropyl‐4‐vinylspiro[4.4]nonan‐1‐one [(4R*,5R*)‐2] was synthesized in a 10‐step synthetic sequence commencing with Steglich esterification of allyl alcohol (15) and isovaleric acid (14). Ireland–Claisen rearrangement of the formed allyl isovalerate (16) with subsequent lithium aluminum hydride reduction of resulting γ,δ‐unsaturated acid 18, Appel bromination of corresponding alcohol 19, and ozonolysis provided 4‐bromo‐3‐isopropylbutanal (23) in 19 % overall yield as a building block for the projected spiroannulation reactions. Although attempts on cyclopentanone (7) failed, cyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐one, via its TMS‐trapped lithium 3‐vinylcyclopent‐1‐enolate 12, turned out to be a successful starting material. Evans' variant of the Mukaiyama aldol reaction with 1‐trimethylsiloxy‐3‐vinylcyclopent‐1‐ene (12) in the presence of BF3·OEt2, followed by palladium‐catalyzed conjugate tin hydride reduction of resulting enone 28 provided 2‐(4′‐bromo‐3′‐isopropylbutyl)‐3‐vinylcyclopentanone (29) in 50 % overall yield as the anlation precursor. LDA‐mediated 5‐exo‐tet cyclization of 29 concluded the synthesis of the racemic 7,8‐seco‐/6‐epi‐7,8‐secokhusimone mixture (4R*,5R*)‐2, which possessed a floral, rosy, green, geranium‐like odor with a threshold of 42.0 ng L–1 air, which is 10 times less intense than that of (–)‐khusimone (1). Most importantly, seco structure (4R*,5R*)‐2 did not display any woody nor any vetiver character, which proves the postulated vetiver rule wrong.
Earthquake response analyses of a full‐scale five‐story steel frame equipped with two types of dampers
Authors: Yu Yi‐Jer , Tsai Keh‐Chyuan , Li Chao‐Hsien , Weng Yuan‐Tao , Tsai Ching‐Yi
Published: November 2012

The seismic performance tests of a full‐scale five‐story passively controlled steel building were conducted on the E‐Defense shaking table in Japan in March 2009. Before the tests, a blind prediction contest was held to allow researchers and practitioners from all over the world to construct analytical models and predict the dynamic responses of the steel frame specimen equipped with buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) or viscous dampers (VDs). This paper presents the details of two refined prediction models made and results obtained before the tests. When the proposed analytical modeling techniques are adopted as in the two refined prediction models, the overall prediction accuracy is about 90%. Sensitivity studies conducted after the tests are also presented in this paper. The effects of varying each modeling feature on the response simulation accuracy have been investigated. The analytical results suggest that considering concrete full‐composite actions for beam members could improve prediction accuracy by about 20% against using the simplified bare steel beam model. Adopting refined BRB stiffness computed from incorporating finite‐element gusset stiffness only improves the overall prediction accuracy by 0.9%. Considering the BRB dynamic loading test results for analytical BRB strength reduces the error by 1.9%. For the VD frame, incorporating the brace and VD stiffness could improve the overall prediction accuracy by about 15%. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recursive Formula for Arithmetic Asian Option Prices
Authors: Lee Kyungsub
Published: November 2012

I derive a recursive formula for arithmetic Asian option prices with finite observation times in semimartingale models. The method is based on the relationship between the risk‐neutral expectation of the quadratic variation of the return process and European option prices. The computation of arithmetic Asian option prices is straightforward whenever European option prices are available. Applications with numerical results under the Black–Scholes framework and the exponential Lévy model are proposed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 34:220–234, 2014
Roles of dendritic cells in murine hepatic warm and liver transplantation-induced cold ischemia/reperfusion injury
Authors: Zhang Matthew , Ueki Shinya , Kimura Shoko , Yoshida Osamu , Castellaneta Antonino , Ozaki Kikumi S. , Demetris Anthony J. , Ross Mark , Vodovotz Yoram , Thomson Angus W. , B. Stolz Donna , Geller David A. , Murase Noriko
Published: November 2012

Dendritic cells (DCs) induce and regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses; however, their

in vivo

functional importance in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury is perplexing. We hypothesized that liver-resident DC and locally recruited blood-borne DC might have distinctive roles in hepatic IR injury. We tested this hypothesis by using DC-deficient, fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L) knockout (KO) mice in hepatic warm (70% partial clamping for 60 minutes) and cold IR injury (liver transplant [LTx] with 24-hour cold storage). Flt3L KO liver and lymphoid organs contained virtually no CD11c+F4/80− DC. Hepatic warm IR injury was significantly lower in Flt3L KO than in wildtype (WT) mice with lower alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, reduced hepatic necrosis, and lower neutrophil infiltration. Hepatic messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels for inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNFα], interleukin [IL]-6) and chemokines (CCL2, CXCL2) were also significantly lower in Flt3L KO than in WT mice, indicating that lack of both liver-resident and blood-borne DC ameliorated hepatic warm IR injury. Adoptive transfer of splenic or hepatic WT DC into Flt3L KO or WT mice increased hepatic warm IR injury, suggesting injurious roles of DC infusion. When Flt3L KO liver was transplanted into WT mice, ALT levels were significantly higher than in WT to WT LTx, with enhanced hepatic necrosis and neutrophil infiltration, indicating a protective role of liver-resident DC.

Conclusion:

Using both warm and cold hepatic IR models, this study suggests differential roles of liver-resident versus blood-borne DC, and points to the importance of the local microenvironment in determining DC function during hepatic IR injury.
Human papillomavirus, smoking status and outcomes in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hong Angela M. , Martin Andrew , Chatfield Mark , Jones Deanna , Zhang Mei , Armstrong Bruce , Lee C. Soon , Harnett Gerald , Milross Christopher , Clark Jonathan , Elliott Michael , Smee Robert , Corry June , Liu Chen , Porceddu Sandro , Rees Guy , Rose Barbara
Published: November 2012

It is now clear that the two separate entitles of tonsillar cancer, HPV induced and non‐HPV induced (smoking induced), have significantly different presenting stage and outcomes. A significant proportion of patients with human papillomavirus positive tonsillar cancer have had exposure to smoking. We examined the combined effect of human papillomavirus and smoking on the outcomes and determined whether smoking can modify the beneficial effect of human papillomavirus. A total of 403 patients from nine centers were followed up for recurrence or death for a median of 38 months. Determinants of the rate of loco‐regional recurrence, death from tonsillar cancer and overall survival were modeled using Cox regression. Smoking status was a significant predictor of overall survival (p = 0.04). There were nonstatistically significant trends favoring never smokers for loco‐regional recurrence and disease specific survival. In addition, there was no statistically significant interactions between smoking and human papillomavirus (p‐values for the interaction were 0.26 for loco‐regional recurrence, 0.97 for disease specific survival and 0.73 for overall survival). The effect of smoking on loco‐regional recurrence and disease specific survival outcomes was not statistically significant, nor was there significant evidence that the effect of smoking status on these outcomes was modified by HPV status. Irrespective of HPV status, however, smokers did have poorer overall survival than never‐smokers, presumably due to effects of smoking that are unrelated to the primary cancer.
Cellular reprogramming and cancer development
Authors: Semi Katsunori , Matsuda Yutaka , Ohnishi Kotaro , Yamada Yasuhiro
Published: November 2012

Cancer develops through the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic abnormalities. The role of genetic alterations in cancer development has been demonstrated by reverse genetic approaches. However, evidence indicating the functional significance of epigenetic abnormalities remains limited due to the lack of means to actively modify coordinated epigenetic regulations in the genome. Application of the reprogramming technology may help researchers to overcome this limitation and shed new light on cancer research. Reprogramming is accompanied by dynamic changes of epigenetic modifications and is therefore considered to be a useful tool to induce global epigenetic changes in cancer genomes. We herein discuss the similarities between reprogramming processes and carcinogenesis and propose the potential use of reprogramming technology to help understanding of the significance of epigenetic regulations in cancer cells. We, also discuss the application of induced pluripotent stem cell technology to cancer modeling based on the similar characteristics between pluripotent stem cells and cancer cells.
A new approach for elimination of gastric cancer deaths in Japan
Authors: Asaka Masahiro
Published: November 2012

We explore a strategy for the elimination of gastric cancer deaths in Japan. Most gastric cancer is due to H. pylori infection in Japan. The effect of H. pylori eradication therapy on gastric cancer prevention in younger people is excellent, but it declines along with advancing age. Therefore, a test‐and‐treat approach to H. pylori infection is recommended in younger people, while for people aged 50 years or older a combination of countermeasures for H. pylori eradication that includes primary prevention and secondary prevention by endoscopic examination will reduce gastric cancer deaths, since this method will increase early detection if the disease occurs. In this paper, I described a new strategy of elimination of gastric cancer deaths in Japan due to such a high quality of diagnosis and treatment for gastric cancer. If this strategy succeeds, the incidence of gastric cancer in Japan may decrease much longer than 10 years.
Autocrine and paracrine loops between cancer cells and macrophages promote lymph node metastasis via CCR4/CCL22 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Tsujikawa Takahiro , Yaguchi Tomonori , Ohmura Gaku , Ohta Shigeki , Kobayashi Asuka , Kawamura Naoshi , Fujita Tomonobu , Nakano Hiroshi , Shimada Taketoshi , Takahashi Takeshi , Nakao Ryuta , Yanagisawa Akio , Hisa Yasuo , Kawakami Yutaka
Published: November 2012

Lymph node metastasis is a poor prognostic factor for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, its molecular mechanism has not yet been fully understood. In our study, we investigated the expression of CCR4 and its ligand CCL22 in the HNSCC tumor microenvironment and found that the CCR4/CCL22 axis was involved in lymph node metastasis of HNSCC. CCR4 was expressed in 20 of 31 (64.5%) human tongue cancer tissues, and its expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01) and lymphatic invasion (p < 0.05). CCR4 was expressed in three of five human HNSCC cell lines tested. CCR4+ HNSCC cells, but not CCR4− cells, showed enhanced migration toward CCL22, indicating that functional CCR4 was expressed in HNSCC cell lines. CCL22 was also expressed in cancer cells (48.4% of tongue cancer tissues) or CD206+ M2‐like macrophages infiltrated in tumors and draining lymph nodes. CCL22 produced by cancer cells or CD206high M2‐like macrophages increased the cell motility of CCR4+ HNSCC cells in vitro in an autocrine or paracrine manner. In the mouse SCCVII in vivo model, CCR4+ cancer cells, but not CCR4− cells, metastasized to lymph nodes which contained CCL22 producing M2‐like macrophages. These results demonstrate that lymph node metastasis of CCR4+ HNSCC is promoted by CCL22 in an autocrine or M2‐like macrophage‐dependent paracrine manner. Therefore, the CCR4/CCL22 axis may be an attractive target for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with HNSCC.
Epithelial cell adhesion molecule is an independent prognostic marker in clear cell renal carcinoma
Authors: Eichelberg Christian , Chun Felix K. , Bedke Jens , Heuer Roman , Adam Meike , Moch Holger , Terracciano Luigi , Hinrichs Kristin , Dahlem Roland , Fisch Margit , Schlomm Thorsten , Sauter Guido , Minner Sarah
Published: November 2012

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EPCAM) has recently attained a renewed interest as a candidate protein in diagnosis, prognostication and therapy of various tumor entities. The molecular epidemiology and prognostic relevance of EPCAM in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and amongst the histological subtypes of RCC are unclear. We analyzed the prevalence and prognostic significance of EPCAM in a tumor tissue microarray composed of 1,088 independent RCCs samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC). We found significant variations of EPCAM IHC staining intensities in between the RCC subtypes: in papillary and chromophobe RCC, the majority of tumors (89–93%) showed an at least weak EPCAM protein expression. In the largest subgroup, the clear cell (cc)RCC (n = 767), a negative EPCAM IHC was found in 1/3 of the patients and was associated with high‐grade disease and nodal metastases. Kaplan–Meier analyses demonstrated a significant association between positive EPCAM IHC and prolonged overall survival, even in a subset of low‐risk ccRCC. In multivariable analyses, EPCAM represented an independent risk factor of survival throughout all subgroups. For localized, low‐grade ccRCC, information of EPCAM IHC raised predictive accuracy of a multivariate model by ∼5%, compared to T‐stage and grade alone. Our findings indicate that EPCAM is an independent prognostic molecular marker in ccRCC and, especially in localized ccRCC, might be able to provide auxiliary information for a better prognostication.
Discrimination of single‐porin Escherichia (E.) coli mutants by ATR and transmission mode FTIR spectroscopy
Authors: Saraiva Raúl G. , Lopes João Almeida , Machado Jorge , Gameiro Paula , Feio Maria J.
Published: November 2012

Vibrational spectroscopy has long been used in bacterial identification with different levels of taxonomic discrimination but its true potential for intra‐species differentiation remains poorly explored. Herein, both transmission Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) and attenuated total reflectance (ATR)‐FTIR spectroscopy are used to analyse E. coli strains that differ solely in their porin expression profile. In this previously unreported approach, the applicability of both FTIR‐spectroscopy techniques is compared with the same collection of unique strains. ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy proved to reliably distinguish between several E. coli porin mutants with an accuracy not replicated by FTIR in transmission mode (using previously optimized procedures). Further studies should allow the identification of the individual contribution of the single porin channel to the overall bacterial infrared spectrum and of molecular predictive patterns of porin alterations. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photothermal bleaching in time‐lapse photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Gao Liang , Wang Lidai , Li Chiye , Garcia‐Uribe Alejandro , Wang Lihong V.
Published: November 2012

We studied the phenomenon of photothermal bleaching – a gradual reduction of contrast agent particles during repeated scans in photoacoustic microscopy. The dependence of the photothermal bleaching rate on the excitation pulse energy, pulse duration, and the absorber's size was determined while the laser focal diameter was held constant. Our results showed that, the dependence of the photothermal bleaching rate on the excitation pulse energy differed before and after the absorbers were raised to their melting point by the deposited laser energy. Based on this finding, we suggested an optimal excitation pulse energy, which balances the photothermal bleaching rate and signal amplitude, for time‐lapse imaging applications. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Atomic force microscopy and electrochemical investigation on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel passivated by molybdate and chromate
Authors: Chen Zhenyu , Zhang Xiulan , Huang Ling , Guo Xingpeng
Published: November 2012

The effects of CrO42− and MoO42− ions on the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 0.5 M NaCl solution have been studied using electrochemical measurements and atomic force microscopy. The results suggest that both ions have good inhibition effects on the general and pitting corrosion of carbon steel. At the same concentration, the inhibition efficiency of CrO42− is higher than that of MoO42−. The passive film formed by CrO42− is also much harder than that formed by MoO42−. The passive films formed by both ions are nonconductive. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improving hospital venous thromboembolism prophylaxis with electronic decision support
Authors: Bhalla Rohit , Berger Matthew A. , Reissman Stan H. , Yongue Brandon G. , Adelman Jason S. , Jacobs Laurie G. , Billett Henny , Sinnett Mark J. , Kalkut Gary
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) disease prophylaxis rates among medical inpatients have been noted to be <50%.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a computerized decision support application to improve VTE prophylaxis.

DESIGN

Observational cohort study.

SETTING

Academic medical center.

PATIENTS

Adult inpatients on hospital medicine and nonmedicine services.

INTERVENTION

A decision support application designed by a quality improvement team was implemented on medicine services in September 2009.

MEASUREMENTS

Effectiveness and safety parameters were compared on medicine services and nonmedicine (nonimplementation) services for 6‐month periods before and after implementation. Effectiveness was evaluated by retrospective information system queries for rates of any VTE prophylaxis, pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis, and hospital‐acquired VTE incidence. Safety was evaluated by queries for bleeding and thrombocytopenia rates.

RESULTS

Medicine service overall VTE prophylaxis increased from 61.9% to 82.1% (P < 0.001), and pharmacologic VTE prophylaxis increased from 59.0% to 74.5% (P < 0.001). Smaller but significant increases were observed on nonmedicine services. Hospital‐acquired VTE incidence on medicine services decreased significantly from 0.65% to 0.42% (P = 0.008) and nonsignificantly on nonmedicine services. Bleeding rates increased from 2.9% to 4.0% (P < 0.001) on medicine services and from 7.7% to 8.6% (P = 0.043) on nonmedicine services, with nonsignificant changes in thrombocytopenia rates observed on both services.

CONCLUSIONS

An electronic decision support application on inpatient medicine services can significantly improve VTE prophylaxis and hospital‐acquired VTE rates with a reasonable safety profile. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:115–120. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine
Antiglycative effect of fruit and vegetable seed extracts: inhibition of AGE formation and carbonyl‐trapping abilities
Authors: Mesías Marta , Navarro Marta , Gökmen Vural , Morales Francisco J
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND

Advanced glycation end‐products (AGEs) are the final products derived from the non‐enzymatic glycation process. AGEs are involved in the development of several health complications associated with diabetes and aging. Searching for anti‐ AGE extracts is necessary to mitigate the effects of age‐related pathologies.

RESULTS

The antioxidant and antiglycative activities of eight aqueous extracts of fruit and vegetable seeds were evaluated. All seed extracts (3.6 mg mL−1) exhibited anti‐AGE activity in protein–glucose assay, ranging from 20 to 92% inhibition compared with aminoguanidine (4.87 mmol L−1). Green pepper extract exerted the highest anti‐AGE activity. However, peach and pomegranate extracts exhibited the highest anti‐AGE activity in protein–methylglyoxal assay, ranging from 0 to 79% inhibition. Hazelnut, almond and sesame extracts were not effective when methylglyoxal was the promoter. Apricot and peach extracts appeared to inhibit the formation of AGEs through their capacity for direct trapping of 1,2‐dicarbonyls (IC50=0.14 mg mL−1). No relationship between antioxidant and phenolic compound content and antiglycative activity was found. Therefore other hydrophilic constituents in addition to phenolic acids must be involved in the antiglycative activity of the extracts.

CONCLUSION

Aqueous extracts of fruits and vegetables can be considered in the prevention of glycation‐associated complications of age‐related pathologies. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of aflatoxins, caffeine, nicotine and heavy metals in Palestinian multifloral honey from different geographic regions
Authors: Swaileh Khalid M , Abdulkhaliq Ahed
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND

Honey is a healthy and nutritious natural product. However, it may contain some natural as well as anthropogenic contaminants that can affect consumer health. The present study was aimed at analysing the content of aflatoxins, nicotine, caffeine and heavy metals in Palestinian multifloral honey.

RESULTS

The results indicated the presence of variable amounts of aflatoxins (0.5–22 µg kg−1, mean 12.1 µg kg−1) in all samples analysed, with the highest levels in honey from humid hot semi‐coastal regions. Caffeine was found in 80% of honey samples analysed at levels from 94 to 3583 µg kg−1 (mean 1567 µg kg−1). High levels were recorded in regions where citrus cultivation is common. Nicotine was detected in 67% of honey samples analysed at concentrations between 178 and 9389 µg kg−1 (mean 1567 µg kg−1). High levels were recorded in honey samples from the Northwest Plains where tobacco plantation is practised. Cd and Pb levels in all honey samples were below detection limits, while levels of other toxic metals were generally low.

CONCLUSIONS

All honey samples contained aflatoxins, mostly in health‐threatening concentrations. Caffeine and nicotine were recorded in 80 and 67% of honey samples respectively. Heavy metal levels were generally low.
Synthesis of poly(N‐[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide) functionalized porous silica for application in hydrophilic interaction chromatography
Authors: Bui Nhat Thi Hong , Jiang Wen , Sparrman Tobias , Irgum Knut
Published: November 2012

Porous silica coated by a highly hydrophilic and nonionic tentacle‐type polymeric layer was synthesized by free radical “grafting from” polymerization of N‐[2‐hydroxy‐1,1‐bis(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]‐2‐propenamide (TRIS‐acrylamide) in partly aqueous solutions. The radical initiator sites were incorporated on the silica surfaces via a two‐step reaction comprising thionyl chloride activation and subsequent reaction with tert‐butyl hydroperoxide. The surface‐bound tert‐butylperoxy groups were then used as thermally triggered initiators for graft polymerization of TRIS‐acrylamide. The synthesized materials were characterized by diffusive reflectance Fourier transform infrared specotroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and CHN elemental analysis. Photon correlation spectroscopy was used to determine changes in ζ‐potentials resulting from grafting, 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MAS‐NMR) spectroscopy was used to assess the ratio of silanol to siloxane groups in the substrate and the grafted material, and the changes in surface area and mesopore distribution were determined by nitrogen cryosorption. Chromatographic evaluation in hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) mode showed that the materials were suitable for use as stationary phases, featuring good separation efficiency, a comparatively high retention, and a selectivity that differed from most commercially available HILIC phases. A comparison of this neutral phase with a previously reported N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)‐linked TRIS‐type hydrophilic tentacle phase with weak anion exchange functionality revealed substantial differences in retention patterns.
Recent trends in ultra‐fast HPLC: New generation superficially porous silica columns
Authors: Ali Imran , AL‐Othman Zeid A. , Nagae Norikaju , Gaitonde Vinay D. , Dutta Kamlesh K.
Published: November 2012

New generation columns, i.e. packed with superficially porous silica particles are available as trade names with following manufacturers: Halo, Ascentis Express, Proshell 120, Kinetex, Accucore, Sunshell, and Nucleoshell. These provide ultra‐fast HPLC separations for a variety of compounds with moderate sample loading capacity and low back pressure. Chemistries of these columns are C8, C18, RP‐Amide, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography, penta fluorophenyl (PFP), F5, and RP‐aqua. Normally, the silica gel particles are of 2.7 and 1.7 μm as total and inner solid core diameters, respectively, with 0.5‐μm‐thick of outer porous layer having 90 Å pore sizes and 150 m2/g surface area. This article describes these new generation columns with special emphasis on their textures and chemistries, separations, optimization, and comparison (inter and intra stationary phases). Besides, future perspectives have also been discussed.
Structure selective complexation of cyclodextrins with five polyphenols investigated by capillary electrokinetic chromatography
Authors: Zhang Qing‐Feng , Cheung Hon‐Yeung , Shangguan Xinchen , Zheng Guodong
Published: November 2012

The complexation of five polyphenols, namely trans‐resveratrol, astilbin, taxifolin, ferulic acid, and syringic acid (guest molecules) with α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrin (host molecules), was investigated by capillary electrokinetic chromatography. The binding constants were calculated based on the effective electrophoretic mobility change of guests with the addition of cyclodextrins into the background electrolyte. Because of cavity size, cyclodextrins showed structure‐selective complexation property to different guest. The stability of the trans‐resveratrol complexes was in the order of β‐ > α‐ > γ‐cyclodextrin. The cavity size of α‐cyclodextrin was too small for astilbin and taxifolin molecules, and thus they could not form complexes. The molecular size of syringic acid was too big for all cyclodextrins cavity, and no cyclodextrin could form complexes with it. Temperature studies showed that the binding constants decreased with the rise of temperature. Enthalpy and entropy values were calculated and the negative values of these parameters indicated that the complexation process was enthalpy‐controlled. Van der Waals force and release of high‐enthalpy water molecules from the cyclodextrins cavity played important roles in the process.
Loading behavior of gatifloxacin in urine and lake water on a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer used as extraction sorbent with spectrophotometric analysis
Authors: Dramou Pierre , Xiao Deli , He Hua , Liu Tiebing , Zou Wenyue
Published: November 2012

The loading behavior of gatifloxacin (GTFX) in human urine and lake water on a novel magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer used as extraction sorbent with UV‐Visible spectrometric analysis has been studied. The magnetic polymers had been prepared using GTFX as template molecule and Fe3O4 as magnetic component. The polymer had been characterized by SEM, Fourier‐transform infrared spectrometry, and appropriate magnet separator. Parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were evaluated in order to achieve optimal loading and reduce nonspecific interactions. Good linearity of the method had been obtained in the range between 0.25 and 15 μg mL−1 by UV‐Vis spectrophotometry at 286 nm with spectral analysis from 240 to 400 nm. The method detection and quantification limits of GTFX in water were 0.075 and 0.25 μg mL−1, respectively. This study showed good selectivity and loading efficiency (α > 2) of the polymers. The loading behavior of GTFX in the samples spiked on polymers had been obtained and each other with recovery higher than 91% with RSD% between 2.5 and 3.3. No pretreatment of samples were needed and no interference of compounds in urine and lake water were observed during adsorption.
Sensitive monitoring of penicillin antibiotics in milk and honey treated by stir bar sorptive extraction based on monolith and LC‐electrospray MS detection
Authors: Huang Xiaojia , Chen Linli , Chen Meng , Yuan Dongxing , Nong Shuyu
Published: November 2012

In the present study, a convenient and sensitive method for determination of six penicillin antibiotics (amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin G, oxacillin, cloxacillin, and dicloxacillin) in milk and honey samples was developed. Milk and honey samples were diluted with water, then directly treated by stir bar sorptive extraction based on poly (vinylimidazole‐divinylbenzene) monolithic material as coating. The analytes were analyzed by LC/ESI‐ MS/MS. Several extraction parameters including extraction and desorption time, pH value, and ionic strength in sample matrix were investigated in detail. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the calculated detection limits for the target compounds were as low as 0.23–2.66 ng/kg in milk and 0.18–1.42 ng/kg in honey, respectively. Good linearity was obtained for analytes with the correlation coefficients (R2) above 0.997. Excellent method reproducibility was achieved in terms of intraday and interday precisions, indicated by the RSDs of <5.0 and <10.0%, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of penicillin antibiotics residues in different milk and honey samples.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among U.S. Military Health Care Professionals Deployed in Support of Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Jacobson Isabel G. , Horton Jaime L. , LeardMann Cynthia A. , Ryan Margaret A.K. , Boyko Edward J. , Wells Timothy S. , Smith Besa , Smith Tyler C.
Published: November 2012

Limited prospective studies exist that evaluate the mental health status of military health care professionals who have deployed. This study used prospective data from the Millennium Cohort Study with longitudinal analysis techniques to examine whether health care professionals deployed in support of the operations in Iraq and Afghanistan were more likely to screen positive for new‐onset posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression after deployment than individuals from other occupations. Of 65,108 subjects included, 9,371 (14.4%) reported working as health care professionals. The rates of new positive screens for PTSD or depression were similar for those in health care occupations (4.7% and 4.3%) compared with those in other occupations (4.6% and 3.9%) for the first and second follow‐up, respectively. Among military personnel deployed with combat experience, health care professionals did not have increased odds for new‐onset PTSD or depression over time. Among deployed health care professionals, combat experience significantly increased the odds: adjusted odds ratio = 2.01; 95% confidence interval [1.06, 3.83] for new‐onset PTSD or depression. These results suggest that combat experience, not features specific to being a health care professional, was the key exposure explaining the development of these outcomes.
Trauma Exposure and Health: The Role of Depressive and Hyperarousal Symptoms
Authors: Pérez Lydia Goméz , Abrams Murray P. , López‐Martínez Alicia E. , Asmundson Gordon J. G.
Published: November 2012

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depressive symptoms have been theorized to mediate the relationship between trauma exposure and physical health symptoms. Although empirical evidence supports this premise, studies conducted to date have employed statistical mediation analyses that are now broadly criticized. Furthermore, the mediating roles of both PTSD and depressive symptoms have seldom been examined concurrently, and it remains unclear which PTSD symptom clusters uniquely mediate this relationship. The aim of the present study was to examine the mediating role of reexperiencing, avoidance/numbing, hyperarousal, and depressive symptoms in the relationship between trauma exposure and physical health symptoms. Participants were 516 Spanish female undergraduate students. Physical health symptoms were compared between those who reported trauma exposure (n = 266) and those who did not (n = 250). Data from trauma‐exposed participants were analyzed using regression models with bootstrapping to test mediation. Results of the analyses showed that the trauma‐exposed group reported significantly more physical health symptoms (r2 = .035). Hyperarousal and depressive symptoms uniquely mediated the relationship between trauma exposure and physical health symptoms. Our findings clarify some of the mechanisms by which negative health consequences occur subsequent to trauma exposure.
Onset of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Major Depression Among Refugees and Voluntary Migrants to the United States
Authors: Rasmussen Andrew , Crager Mia , Baser Ray E. , Chu Tracy , Gany Francesca
Published: November 2012

Although refugees are generally thought to be at increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive episode (MDE), few studies have compared onset of PTSD and MDE between refugees and voluntary migrants. Given differences in migration histories, onset should differ pre‐ and postmigration. The National Latino and Asian American Survey (NLAAS) is a national representative, complex dataset measuring psychiatric morbidity, mental health service use, and migration history among Latino and Asian immigrants to the United States. Of the 3,260 foreign‐born participants, 660 were refugees (a weighted proportion of 9.52%). Refugees were more likely to report a history of war‐related trauma, but reports of other traumatic events were similar. Premigration onset of PTSD was statistically higher for refugees than voluntary migrants, odds ratio (OR) = 4.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) [2.01, 11.76], where postmigration onset for PTSD was not, OR = 0.61, 95% CI [0.29, 1.28]; a similar pattern was found for MDE, OR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.11, 3.51]; and OR = 1.02, 95% CI [0.65, 1.62], respectively. Although refugees arrive in host countries with more pressing psychiatric needs, onset is comparable over time, suggesting that postmigration refugees and voluntary migrants may be best served by similar programs.
Synthesis of Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐methacrylic acid) Copolymer via Phosphazene‐Catalyzed Hybrid Copolymerization
Authors: Xu Jinbao , Yang Hongjun , Zhang Guangzhao
Published: November 2012

Poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐tert‐butyl methacrylate) (CL‐co‐BMA) random copolymer is synthesized via hybrid copolymerization with 1‐tert‐butyl‐4,4,4‐tris(dimethylamino)‐2,2‐bis[tris(dimethylamino)phophoranylidenamino]‐2Λ5,4Λ5‐catenadi(phosphazene) (t‐BuP4) as the catalyst. The copolymer is hydrolyzed into poly(ϵ‐caprolactone‐co‐methacrylic acid) (CL‐co‐MAA), a charged copolymer. Nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis measurements indicate that cyclic ester and vinyl monomer form a random copolymer. The degradation of the copolymers has also been studied by use of quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation.
Molecular identification in monophasic and nonmotile variants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium
Authors: Bugarel M. , Vignaud M.‐L. , Moury F. , Fach P. , Brisabois A.
Published: November 2012

Variant strains of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, lacking one or both flagellar phases have been widely reported. The monophasic S.1,4,[5],12:i:‐ variant has emerged worldwide in the past few years and has become one of the most frequently encountered in many countries. In contrast, monophasic S.1,4,[5],12:‐:1,2 and nonmotile S.1,4,[5],12:‐:‐ strains are rarely described. This study investigated seven molecular markers to identify and delineate monophasic S.1,4,[5],12:i:‐ (n = 90), S.1,4,[5],12:‐:1,2 (n = 25), nonmotile S.1,4,[5],12:‐:‐ (n = 17) strains, and some serovar Typhimurium strains (n = 124) collected through the French Salmonella network between 2001 and 2010. Three markers were commonly detected in serovar Typhimurium and in all variant strains: STM2757, mdh and fliA‐B. Monophasic S.1,4,[5],12:i:‐ were genotypically confirmed by the absence of the fljB, fljA, and hin genes. Nevertheless, 13 (14.5%) of them were positive for these last three genes, revealing monophasic strains named “inconsistent” as previously described. All nonmotile 1,4,[5],12:‐:‐ strains had the fliC, fljA, fljB, and hin genes and the fliC gene was detected in 88% of monophasic S.1,4,[5],12:‐:1,2 strains. The combination of the seven markers detection enables to recognize eight different genotypes within the S.1,4,[5],12:i:‐ collection, among which the Spanish and the U.S. clones previously described could be distinguished and assigned to a genotype. Based on this molecular approach, 71% of the French S.1,4,[5],12:i:‐ collection belonged to the Spanish clone, whereas only 2% were assigned to the U.S. clone. This study highlights the usefulness of these molecular markers and genotypes for identifying lineages, especially among the epidemiologically important monophasic S.1,4,[5],12:i:‐ variant.
Expression patterns and functional evaluation of the UNC5B receptor during the early phase of peripheral nerve regeneration using the mouse median nerve model
Authors: Jaminet Patrick , Köhler David , Rahmanian‐Schwarz Afshin , Lotter Oliver , Mager Alice , Fornaro Michele , Ronchi Giulia , Geuna Stefano , Rosenberger Peter , Schaller Hans‐Eberhard
Published: November 2012

Introduction: In this study, we evaluated the role of the Netrin‐1 receptor UNC5b (Uncoordinated), a neuronal guidance molecule, during peripheral nerve regeneration using the mouse median nerve model. Materials and methods: Using Western blot analysis, we examined the expression changes of UNC5b after transection and microsurgical repair of the mouse median nerve distal to the transection site. We evaluated the histomorphometrical changes and functional recovery of the grasping force after median nerve transection and repair in wild‐type (WT) mice and UNC5b+/− heterozygous mice. Results: In Western blot analysis, we could show a high increase of UNC5b in the nerve segment distal to the injury site at day 14. Histomorphometrical analysis did not show any significant differences between WT animals and heterozygous animals. Using the functional grasping test, we could demonstrate that peripheral nerve regeneration is significantly diminished in heterozygous UNC5b+/− mice. Conclusion: By using the mouse median nerve model in transgenic animals, we demonstrate that the Netrin‐1 receptor UNC5b plays an important role during peripheral nerve regeneration. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 2013.
Axonal excitability during ischemia in MELAS
Authors: Ng Karl , Kumar Kishore R. , Sue Carolyn , Burke David
Published: November 2012

Introduction

In mitochondrial disease, it is likely that energy substrate depletion leads to paralysis of ATPase‐dependent pumps, resulting in membrane depolarization. Axonal depolarization has been demonstrated in a crisis, but not in the resting state. We, therefore, stressed axons using ischemia to see if this would reveal abnormal responses, as occurs in diabetes mellitus.

Methods

Excitability of median nerve axons at the wrist was studied in 13 patients with MELAS (6 with glucose intolerance) and 17 control subjects in response to ischemia due to inflation of a cuff around the arm for 10 min.

Results

There were no significant differences in preischemic measures of axonal excitability or in the intra‐ and postischemic responses.

Conclusions

Although depolarization has been noted to occur spontaneously during a crisis, we could not demonstrate a defect of axonal ATP‐dependent mechanisms. The mechanisms underlying axonal excitability and neuropathy in diabetes may not apply to MELAS. Muscle Nerve 47: 762–765, 2013
Acute cerebellar infarction in a young patient presenting with diabetic ketoacidosis
Authors: Chaudhary M , Kamalaksha S , Trainer VJ , Obuobie K , Kalhan A
Published: November 2012

The neurological complications of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) include cerebral oedema or, rarely, acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) due to ischaemic brain infarction or haemorrhage. These complications result from complex haemostatic mechanisms involving a state of systemic inflammation, coagulopathy, endothelial dysfunction and loss of blood volume induced by insulin deficiency. The development of cerebral oedema is believed to be under‐reported in adult patients with DKA as compared to children. Only a limited number of case reports exist in the literature regarding the development of CVA as a complication of DKA in adults. A high index of suspicion needs to be maintained for early recognition of neurological complications as associated signs and symptoms may only be subtle and masked by altered sensorium commonly seen in the acute phase of DKA, leading to potentially catastrophic consequences if left untreated.

Here we present the case of a 22‐year‐old man with type 1 diabetes who developed cerebellar infarction with associated brainstem herniation as a complication of diabetic ketoacidosis and required urgent neurosurgical intervention. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons. Practical Diabetes 2012; 29(9): 377–379
RAFT‐mediated synthesis and temperature‐induced responsive properties of poly(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate) brushes
Authors: Zengin Adem , Yildirim Ertan , Caykara Tuncer
Published: November 2012

Well‐defined, high‐density poly(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate) [poly(MEO2MA)] brushes were fabricated through a reliable strategy by the combination of self‐assembly of a monolayer of 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxy silane on silicon surface to immobilize 4‐cyano‐4‐(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl pentanoic acid chain transfer agent and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer‐mediated polymerization of MEO2MA. The whole fabrication process of the poly(MEO2MA) brushes was followed by water contact angle, grazing angle‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Characterization of the poly(MEO2MA) brushes, such as molecular weight and thickness determination, were measured by gel permeation chromatography and ellipsometry, and the grafting density was estimated. The temperature‐responsive property of the poly(MEO2MA) brushes was further investigated and the result verified the brush‐to‐mushroom phase transition of the poly(MEO2MA) chains from low to high temperature. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
The integration of proteomics and systems approaches to map regulatory mechanisms underpinning platelet function
Authors: Wright Bernice , Stanley Ronald G. , Kaiser William J. , Gibbins Jonathan M.
Published: November 2012

Platelets in the circulation are triggered by vascular damage to activate, aggregate and form a thrombus that prevents excessive blood loss. Platelet activation is stringently regulated by intracellular signalling cascades, which when activated inappropriately lead to myocardial infarction and stroke. Strategies to address platelet dysfunction have included proteomics approaches which have lead to the discovery of a number of novel regulatory proteins of potential therapeutic value. Global analysis of platelet proteomes may enhance the outcome of these studies by arranging this information in a contextual manner that recapitulates established signalling complexes and predicts novel regulatory processes. Platelet signalling networks have already begun to be exploited with interrogation of protein datasets using in silico methodologies that locate functionally feasible protein clusters for subsequent biochemical validation. Characterization of these biological systems through analysis of spatial and temporal organization of component proteins is developing alongside advances in the proteomics field. This focused review highlights advances in platelet proteomics data mining approaches that complement the emerging systems biology field. We have also highlighted nucleated cell types as key examples that can inform platelet research. Therapeutic translation of these modern approaches to understanding platelet regulatory mechanisms will enable the development of novel anti‐thrombotic strategies.
Expression of MicroRNAs associated with Gleason grading system in prostate cancer: miR‐182‐5p is a useful marker for high grade prostate cancer
Authors: Tsuchiyama Katsuki , Ito Hideaki , Taga Minekatsu , Naganuma Seiji , Oshinoya Yukinosuke , Nagano Ken‐ichi , Yokoyama Osamu , Itoh Hiroshi
Published: November 2012

BACKGROUND

Expression profiles of some microRNAs (miRNAs) were associated with clinicopathological findings in human prostate cancer (PC), but the relative expression of miRNAs among Gleason patterns (GPs) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the expression of several known microRNAs in each GP of PC.

METHODS

Formalin‐fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue samples were obtained from radical prostatectomy (RP) (patient set 1, n = 43, including (GP 3) n = 22, (GP 4) n = 35, and (GP 5) n = 12) and needle biopsy (patient set 2, n = 10, (GP 4) n = 10). Cancer tissues from each GP and adjacent normal counterparts were separately collected using laser‐captured microdissection (LCM). Real‐time RT‐PCR was performed to determine the relative expression of miRNAs, including miR‐31‐5p, ‐34c‐5p, ‐96‐5p, ‐182‐5p, ‐183‐5p, ‐205‐5p, ‐221‐3p, and ‐222‐3p, which were currently reported to be involved in PC progression.

RESULTS

In radical prostatectomy samples, relative expression of miR‐31‐5p, miR‐34c‐5p, and miR‐205‐5p in any GP was significantly decreased compared to normal counterpart. However, no significant difference was detected among GP 3, GP 4, and GP 5. Meanwhile, in the same GP4, expression of miR‐31‐5p miR‐182‐5p, and miR‐205‐5p in cancer tissues obtained from high grade cancer was significantly higher than those obtained from intermediate grade cancer. Validation study using biopsy samples revealed that the relative expression of miR‐182‐5p was statistically higher in high grade cancer even in same GP4.

CONCLUSIONS

We confirmed the expression of miR‐182‐5p depended on the cancer grade even in same GP 4. Expression of miRNA associated with Gleason grading system may contribute to more accurate preoperative cancer risk evaluation. Prostate 73: 827–834, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TEM observations of dislocations in plastically deformed diamond
Authors: Mussi A. , Eyidi D. , Shiryaev A. , Rabier J.
Published: November 2012

Type Ib synthetic diamonds from De Beers with a low dislocation density have been deformed under confining pressure under pressure of 5 GPa in a multianvil apparatus between 900 and 1200 °C and in a D‐DIA experimental set up at 1100 °C and strain rate of 7 × 10−5 s−1. TEM observations of diamond deformed at 1100 °C, the lowest deformation temperature where plasticity was unambiguously evidenced are reported in this work. Two types of dislocations have been found to coexist: dissociated and perfect. No large stacking faults resulting from the dissociation splitting blow up under large stress have been observed. Numerous dipoles are found in the microstructure which can be built with perfect or dissociated dislocations. These results are discussed in relation with dislocation core configuration calculations.