bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Naturaleza de la guerra
Authors: Llano Rendón John
Published: April 2023

Existe un concepto que ha descrito fielmente la realidad del mundo aunque en ocasiones lo haga aupado en increíbles relatos mitológicos que son destino de fascinantes, épicas y trágicas historias, y donde confluyen héroes y villanos que acumulan en su ser los más fuertes sentimientos y aspiraciones del ser humano, como el anhelo de poder, de amor, de dinero y de reconocimiento; consideraciones que van desde el profundo deseo de sobrevivir hasta intenciones baladíes, como hacer de la confrontación una aventura. De cualquier manera, la guerra ha tenido la enorme responsabilidad de diseñar los nuevos rumbos de la humanidad cada vez que ha hecho su aparición.
Ha sido la guerra, atribuida en ocasiones a la voluntad de dioses, a deseos individuales del espíritu del hombre o a intenciones colectivas, la que ha entronizado reyes, creado imperios y mantenido largas monarquías ostentando el poder, aunque, vista a través de la opacidad forjada por el manto cruel que la acompaña, se trate de desnaturalizar la idea de que esta se halla ligada a un muy antiguo y natural comportamiento humano.
La polemología, o estudio de la guerra, ha sido examinada con diferentes perspectivas. Una de las más fuertes es a través del crisol de la paz, lo que bajo el análisis de Gastón Bouthoul resulta ilógico, pues afirma dicho autor que para conocer la guerra se debe estudiar la guerra, y no la paz, aunque ello represente un recorrido por sus cruentos y brutales escenarios y, además, identificando su naturaleza colectiva y comprendiendo que debe hacerse con todo el rigor, por ser una ciencia, y conscientes de la subjetividad que le otorga el ser social.
Su designación como fenómeno social señala también que la guerra establece una relación entre contrarios; normalmente, una relación que es antecedida por otros factores diferentes del bélico, lo cual convierte a la guerra en una herramienta política y ratifica el reconocido concepto de Clausewitz (De la guerra, 2005, p. 31), que confirma la razón por la cual el terrorismo es cada vez más visible en los escenarios de relacionamiento, por cuanto es este el que, en teoría, evidencia más claramente sus fines políticos, y es en el ámbito político donde se regula la guerra estableciendo límites, y donde se llega hasta legitimar o deslegitimar las acciones.
WAYANG KERIS DALAM UPACARA PIODALAN DI PURA DALEM BUITAN DESA GULINGAN, KECAMATAN MENGWI, KABUPATEN BADUNG
Authors: Hindhuyana I Putu Suyoga
Published: April 2023

Sebagai negara yang kaya akan keanekaragaman, Indonesia memiliki berbagai warisan budaya yang layak dilestarikan. Seni keagamaan (wali) di Bali yang menarik untuk dikaji salah satunya berada di Banjar Badung, Desa Gulingan, Kecamatan Mengwi, Kabupaten Badung yaitu seni sesolahan wayang keris. Berbeda dengan jenis pementasan kesenian wayang yang pada umumnya sesuai namanya, wayang keris ini dijumpai dengan objek bentuk berupa dua buah keris yang masing-masing memiliki hakekatnya tersendiri. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu: (1) untuk mengetahui bentuk sesolahan wayang keris dalam upacara piodalan di Pura Dalem Buitan; (2) untuk mengetahui fungsi sesolahan wayang keris dalam upacara piodalan di Pura Dalem Buitan; dan (3) untuk mengetahui makna sesolahan wayang keris dalam upacara piodalan di Pura Dalem Buitan.
            Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui teknik observasi, wawancara, studi dokumen, dan studi kepustakaan.Teori-teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: Teori Estetika, Teori Fungsional Struktural, Teori Religi dan Teori Simbol. Adapun hasil dalam penelitian ini yaitu sesolahan wayang keris dalam upacara piodalan merupakan sebuah pementasan seni yang bersifat sakral serta merupakan warisan tradisi leluhur yang hingga saat ini masih tetap dijaga keauthentikannya. Adapun bentuk sesolahan wayang keris dalam upacara piodalan di Pura Dalem Buitan mendekati sebagai suatu “gambaran, wujud (fisik) pertunjukan, susunan dan upakara” yang digunakan berkaitan dengan ragam dan bentuk sarana prasarana serta prosesi selama sesolahan wayang keris berlangsung, yang dapat dijelaskan melalui penggunaan aparatus, para pelaku, dan proses pertunjukan wayang keris. Fungsi dari sesolahan wayang keris dibagi menjadi beberapa fungsi yaitu: (1) Fungsi Ritual; (2) Fungsi Pelestarian Budaya; (3) Fungsi Integrasi Sosial. Makna dari sesolahan wayang keris dalam upacara piodalan di Pura Dalem Buitan yaitu: (1) Makna Teologis; (2) Makna Simbolis; (3) Makna Religi; (4) Makna Upacara, (5) Makna Estetika.
PENTINGNYA PEMAHAMAN AGAMA HINDU DENGAN PUSTAKA SUCI, NALAR, LOGIKA VERSUS MULA KETO
Authors: Sudharka Utama I Komang
Published: April 2023

Kehidupan beragama khususnya agama hindu di Bali sangat kental dan kuat dilihat dari sisi ritual  atau upacara, namun lemah dari sisi tattwa (janana) seperti teologi ataupun filsafatnya. Penyebabnya adalah kepatuhannya pada adagium ‘nak mula keto’ (memang sudah demikian adanya). Sehingga umat tinggal melaksanakan kewajiban ritual itu tanpa perlu bertanya apalagi mempertanyakan landasan kebenarannya. Konsekuensinya, kebanyakan umat Hindu relative “awidya” (awam pengetahuan) dalam hal pemahaman tattwa (filsafat), tetapi disiplin dalam hal melaksanakan ritual (upacara). Karena itu pemahaman Agama hindu yang berdasarkan Pustaka Suci, nalar dan logika sangatlah penting dan berguna untuk dijadikan pondasi dalam kita memahami kehidupan beragama. Pemahaman Pustaka suci yang kuat dilandasi oleh nalar dan logika akan membuat para penganut agama hindu menjadi penganut yang memiliki sradha/iman yang kuat, intelek, modernis, teologis, filosofis dan  ilmiah. Dengan demikian maka para penganut akan selalu berpikir terbuka dan haus akan pencarian ilmu pengetahuan khususnya pengetahuan suci agama hindu. Tradisi mula keto yang membuat masyarakat malas untuk belajar pustaka suci sudah seharusnya dikritisi dan diperbaiki agar pemahaman masyarakat akan agama hindu menjadi lebih sesuai dengan tattwa atau janana.
Surface Area Model to Assess the Plastic Aggregate Concrete Properties
Authors: Shawkat Jafr Frya , Mohammed Azad A. , Ahmed Hemn M.
Published: April 2023

In this study, a model was proposed based on calculating the total surface area of aggregate to assess fresh density, compressive, and splitting tensile strengths of plastic aggregate (PA) recycled concrete. The key factor is the change in the total surface area of the natural aggregate by the PA. For a given PA volume, the change in the property could be assessed. The prediction well depends on the natural and plastic aggregates distribution size, specific gravity, and bulk density. The proposed model prediction was accurate when applied to high-strength, and lightweight concretes. The reason is attributed to the relatively good bond between PA and hardened cement paste in these concretes. However, for the majority of concrete mixes investigated, the model moderately underestimated strength loss, and this underestimation could be attributed to the PA- hardened cement paste bond deficiency. An attempt was made to assess the bond deficiency parameter for a more accurate prediction.
Adenocarcinoma mucinoso de apêndice: estudo de um caso com apresentação inicial de massa pélvica
Authors: Furtado Ana Carolina Barbosa , Franceschi Rafael Grana , Pirone Ana Carolina , Cecchi Andréa de Oliveira , Furtado Carla Alexandra Nasser Barbosa
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: Relatar um caso de adenocarcinoma mucinoso de apêndice vermiforme e discutir aspectos relevantes. Detalhamento do caso:  Homem de 46 anos, vem à consulta com história de dor abdominal de pequena intensidade na região de flanco e fossa ilíaca direita. A tomografia computadorizada de abdome inferior revelou formação cística alongada, medindo 17,9x6,0x5,2 cm, com volume de 290,0 cm3, se estendendo da valva ileo cecal em direção a linha media na região pélvica. O anátomo-patológico evidenciou saída de grande quantidade de muco do apêndice cecal e concluiu que se tratava de uma neoplasia mucinosa de baixo grau do apêndice cecal. Considerações finais: O adenocarcinoma mucinoso de apêndice vermiforme é uma neoplasia rara do trato gastrointestinal que corresponde à uma pequena minoria de achados em todas as apendicectomias realizadas. O quadro compatível com uma apendicite aguda, leva a crer no processo infeccioso durante o pré-operatório, porém muita das vezes, é no intra-operatório que se detecta uma anormalidade sugestiva de neoplasia.
Cartilha sobre alimentação saudável para mediar atividades educativas na atenção primária a saúde
Authors: Figueiredo Sandra Maria dos Santos , Nascimento Marcia Helena Machado , Teixeira Elizabeth
Published: April 2023

Objetivo: Realizar a validação de conteúdo de uma tecnologia educativa (TE) do tipo cartilha sobre alimentação saudável. Métodos: Estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo da tecnologia educativa intitulada “Alimentação saudável: o que é bom e o que não é bom”, que foi avaliada por oito juízes-especialistas. A coleta de dados se deu por meio eletrônico, através do preenchimento do instrumento de validação de conteúdo educativo em saúde (IVCS). Para a análise dos dados, foi realizado o cálculo do Índice de Validade de Conteúdo (IVC). Resultados: A cartilha foi considerada válida pelos juízes especialistas, visto que obteve um IVC global de 0,81. No entanto, passou por uma reelaboração textual de acordo com sugestões e recomendações recebidas. As alterações realizadas foram: substituição de palavras e/ou frases, acréscimo de informações e adequação de linguagem. Conclusão: A cartilha foi considerada válida para ser utilizada em atividades de educação alimentar e nutricional (EAN) com usuários da atenção primária à saúde (APS).
Linguodidactic foundations of the development of speech skills of secondary school students in Russian language lessons in secondary school
Authors: Дасуев М.Л. , Джамбекова Т.Б.
Published: April 2023

Статья посвящена лингводидактическим основам развития речевых навыков учащихся средней школы на уроках русского языка в СОШ. Актуальность исследования обусловлена новыми задачами, которые поставлены перед современной школой, – формирование у учащихся умений самостоятельно строить устные и письменные высказывания различных жанров, которые необходимы им в процессе обучения и будущей деятельности. Речевое развитие является элементом формирования духовной культуры человека, что облагораживает его жизнь, обогащает сферу общения с другими людьми. Понятия о разновидностях речи закладываются еще в начальной школе. Начиная с 5-го класса, знания учащихся углубляются в процессе работы над темой «Типы речи» (повествование, описание и рассуждение). Ученики учатся распознавать типы речи по характерным признакам, определять по формулировке темы, какой тип речи должен быть положен в основу произведения, строить тексты заданного типа речи. Учитывая сказанное, все три типа речи ставят целью научить учащихся правильно владеть умениями строить связные высказывания, ситуации общения, предполагающие формирование всесторонне развитой личности. Авторы указывают на важность речевого развития для становления духовно богатой речевой личности всегда акцентировали свое внимание методисты.

The article is devoted to the linguodidactic foundations of the development of speech skills of secondary school students in Russian language lessons in secondary schools. The relevance of the research is due to the new tasks that are set before the modern school – the formation of students' skills to independently build oral and written statements of various genres that they need in the learning process and future activities. Speech development is an element of the formation of a person's spiritual culture, which ennobles his life, enriches the sphere of communication with other people. The concepts of speech varieties are laid down in elementary school. Starting from the 5th grade, students' knowledge is deepened in the process of working on the topic "Types of speech" (narration, description and reasoning). Students learn to recognize speech types by characteristic features, to determine by the wording of the topic which type of speech should be the basis of the work, to build texts of a given type of speech. Considering the above, all three types of speech aim to teach students to properly master the skills to build coherent statements, communication situations involving the formation of a comprehensively developed personality. The authors point out the importance of speech development for the formation of a spiritually rich speech personality, methodists have always focused their attention.
Studying the features of reproduction in the Chechen language of computer terms borrowed from English
Authors: Килабова М.А. , Альмурзаева П.Х.
Published: April 2023

Статья посвящена изучению на занятиях по лексикологии чеченского языка особенностей воспроизведения на родном языке заимствованных из английского языка компьютерных терминов чеченского языков. Каждый язык заимствует иноязычные слова. Это объективный процесс, проявляющийся в большей или меньшей степени. Не обходит он и чеченский язык. Чеченский язык, как и любой другой, постоянно меняется и пополняет свой словарный запас, но новые слова не должны засорять его. В условиях расширения и углубления связей между странами и народами мира остро встает вопрос об эффективности коммуникации между людьми - носителями разных языков и культур. В связи с этим, изучение на занятиях лексикологии проблемы языковых заимствований, обусловленных тесным взаимодействием английского языка и других систем национальных языков, представляет несомненный интерес как для лингвистов, так и для преподавателей, от которых в значительной степени зависит эффективность практики межкультурной коммуникации. Во время процесса заимствования иноязычные единицы, в целом, и термины в частности проходят все вышеперечисленные стадии, что способствует их дальнейшему усвоению носителями языка-реципиента.

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of reproduction in the native language of computer terms of the Chechen languages borrowed from English in the lessons on the lexicology of the Chechen language. Every language borrows foreign words. This is an objective process that manifests itself to a greater or lesser extent. He does not bypass the Chechen language either. The Chechen language, like any other, is constantly changing and replenishing its vocabulary, but new words should not clog it. In the context of expanding and deepening ties between countries and peoples of the world, the question of the effectiveness of communication between people who speak different languages and cultures is acute. In this regard, the study of the problem of language borrowings in the classroom of lexicology, due to the close interaction of the English language and other systems of national languages, is of undoubted interest for both linguists and teachers, on whom the effectiveness of the practice of intercultural communication largely depends. During the borrowing process, foreign language units in general, and terms in particular, go through all of the above stages, which contributes to their further assimilation by native speakers of the recipient language.
Russia's foreign policy in the media
Authors: Ван Ц.
Published: April 2023

Средства массовой информации в различных форматах играют необычайно большую роль в формировании и обуславливании общественного мнения, а также в социальной организации и мобилизации. Российское руководство рассматривает массовые коммуникации как важнейшую арену глобальной политики, на которой соперничающие державы работают над тем, чтобы подорвать друг друга и продвигать свои собственные интересы за счет других. Поэтому способность транслировать нарративы на зарубежную аудиторию считается вопросом национальной безопасности, как и способность контролировать распространение нарративов внутри страны. Российское правительство вложило значительные средства в медиа-ресурсы, которые могут донести его точку зрения до других стран, такие как новостной телеканал RT. Эта статья направлена на изучение контуров российского политического мировоззрения путем анализа особенностей разнообразных российских СМИ. На протяжении всей советской эпохи и по сей день средства массовой информации играли важную роль во внешней политике России. Эта форма мягкой силы не всегда преследовала цель дискредитировать Запад или представить себя в идеологической оппозиции Западу, напротив, она стремилась сначала представить себя как молодую демократию.

The media in various formats play an unusually large role in the formation and conditioning of public opinion, as well as in social organization and mobilization. The Russian leadership sees mass communications as the most important arena of global politics, in which rival powers work to undermine each other and advance their own interests at the expense of others. Therefore, the ability to broadcast narratives to foreign audiences is considered a matter of national security, as is the ability to control the dissemination of narratives within the country. The Russian government has invested heavily in media resources that can get its message across to other countries, such as the RT news channel. This article is aimed at studying the contours of the Russian political worldview by analyzing the features of various Russian media. Throughout the Soviet era and to this day, the media played an important role in Russia's foreign policy. This form of soft power did not always aim to discredit the West or present itself in ideological opposition to the West; on the contrary, it sought first to present itself as a young democracy.
Sustainable Sources for Cosmetic Ingredients – Evaluation of the Biomass of Crete as a Model Region
Authors:   Department of Faculty of Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Germany, A Wanninger , HE Katerinopoulos ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Greece., G Christoforou ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Greece., R Kräling ,   Department of Faculty of Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Germany, TH Köhler ,   Department of Faculty of Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Germany, K Poth ,   Department of Faculty of Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Germany, FS Spüntrup ,   Department of Faculty of Chemistry, Hochschule Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Germany
Published: April 2023

Sustainable sourcing of cosmetic ingredients nowadays includes the use of bio-based raw materials. In order to avoid waste and to use by-products of agriculture in the best possible way, a Material and Energy Management (MEM) system of the bioeconomy has to be established. As a new approach towards sources for cosmetic basics and actives, an evaluation of local biomass was carried out in this study, using the Greek island of Crete – which has a rich endemic flora – as a model region.
Neurogenic Bradycardia in Perioperative of Neurosurgery: A Dreadful Complication 2 Cases and Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco., Ilyass Masad , KH Abouelalaa ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco., AN Elbouti ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco., AH Fakri ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco., AB Elwali ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco., MU Bensghir ,   Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Military Hospital Mohammed V, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
Published: April 2023

Neurogenic bradycardia which can lead to cardiac arrest is a rare, but well-recognized complication of anesthesia. we report the cases of two patients admitted for craniotomy who presented intraoperative bradycardia due to TrigeminoCardiac Reflex and Hypothalamic stimulation immediately reversible after cessation of stimulation. The importance of having the knowledge, vigilance, equipment and skills to quickly deal with such a case will be critical to the survival of the patient.
Inhibitors of the Elastase LasB for the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections
Authors: Konstantinovic Jelena , Kany Andreas M. , Alhayek Alaa , Abdelsamie Ahmed S. , Sikandar Asfandyar , Voos Katrin , Yao Yiwen , Andreas Anastasia , Shafiei Roya , Loretz Brigitta , Schönauer Esther , Bals Robert , Brandstetter Hans , Hartmann Rolf W. , Ducho Christian , Lehr Claus-Michael , Beisswenger Christoph , Müller Rolf , Rox Katharina , Haupenthal Jörg , Hirsch Anna Katharina Herta
Published: April 2023

Infections caused by the Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa are emerging worldwide as a major threat to human health. Conventional antibiotic monotherapy suffers from rapid resistance development, underlining urgent need for novel treatment concepts. Here, we report on a non-traditional approach to combat P. aeruginosa-derived infections by targeting its main virulence factor, the elastase LasB. We discovered a new chemical class of phosphonates with an outstanding in vitro ADMET and PK profile, auspicious activity both in vitro and in vivo. We established the mode of action through a co-crystal structure of our lead compound with LasB and in several in vitro and ex vivo models. The proof of concept of a combination of our pathoblocker with levofloxacin in a murine neutropenic lung infection model and the reduction of LasB protein levels in blood as a proof of target engagement demonstrate the great potential for use as an adjunctive treatment of lung infections in humans.
Role of Cyclopentyl methyl ether co-solvent in Improving SEI layer stability in Hard Carbon Anode for Sodium-ion Batteries
Authors: . Nagmani , Das Dhrubajyoti , Puravankara Sreeraj
Published: April 2023

The conversion of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) municipal waste via the carbonization process into hard carbon (WPET-HC) delivers a high-performing, low-cost, sustainable anode material for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs). To further optimize the anode, electrolytes and interfacial chemistry are critical in improving cycling stability and rate capability. Herein, cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME), a weakly solvating and a wide temperature solvent, is used as an alternative co-solvent to ethylene carbonate (EC) to deliver a high initial coulombic efficiency (ICE) up to 75%. The larger interlayer spacing, low surface area, and slit-shaped micro and mesoporous presence in the WPET-HC structure enhance the low potential plateau capacity to 68%, showing a more battery-type anode material from plastic trash. The WPET-HC delivered the excellent reversible capacity of 356 mAh g-1 at the current density of 30 mA g-1 with superior cycling of 91% after 100 cycles using CPME-PC-based electrolyte. The reduction of CPME co-solvent forms a more inorganic SEI than EC-generated SEI, providing a stable and thin SEI layer boosting the ICE and cycling stability of the anode. The low-temperature battery metric for CPME-PC-based electrolytes showed ~30% added capacity and improved ICE value compared to EC-PC-based electrolytes. The CPME-PC-based electrolyte maintained the higher capacity retention of 88% and 74% at 10℃ and 0℃, respectively, with a coulombic efficiency of 100%, revealing the excellent stability of the electrolyte with the HC anode. The work provides an eco-friendly approach to developing hard carbons from plastic trash and reports for the first time the use of greener, low-solvating CPME in improving the reversible capacity and ICE for low-temperature applications of SIBs.
Trees as a tool for modelling undecidable problems
Authors: Рыбаков Михаил Николаевич
Published: April 2023

Доказывается неразрешимость и сильная неразрешимость (неарифметичность) теорий классов деревьев (при различных уточнениях понятия дерева и при различных требованиях к свойствам деревьев, включая конечность числа вершин) в языке с бинарной предикатной буквой, соответствующей дугам, равенством, оператором транзитивного замыкания и конгруэнтностью между парами вершин, которая определяется как равенство расстояния между вершинами первой пары расстоянию между вершинами второй пары. Показано, что для получения неразрешимости (или неарифметичности) теорий некоторых классов деревьев оператор транзитивного замыкания достаточно применять лишь к бинарному отношению, соответствующему дугам, т.е. фактически вместо оператора транзитивного замыкания рассматривать отношение достижимости; также показано, что теории некоторых классов деревьев неразрешимы в языке без оператора транзитивного замыкания.

\medskip \begin{flushright} \textit{To Valentin Goranko, with gratitude from the author} \end{flushright}\medskip The paper proves undecidability and high undecidability (non-arithmeticity) of theories of trees (with various refinements of the concept of a tree and with various requirements for the properties of trees, including the finiteness of the number of vertices) in a language with a binary predicate letter corresponding to edges, equality, the transitive closure operator and congruence between pairs of vertices, which is defined as equality of the distance between the vertices of the first pair and the distance between the vertices of the second pair. It is shown that in many cases it is sufficient to apply the transitive closure operator only to the binary relation corresponding to edges, i.e., in fact, instead of the transitive closure operator, it is sufficient to consider the reachability relation; in some cases, we establish undecidability in a language without the transitive closure operator.
Prevalence of Nicotinic Stomatitis in Smokers Attending Oral Diagnosis Department in Khanzad Dental Center and Hawler Medical University –College of Dentistry
Authors:   Board Candidate of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine at KBMS, Erbil, Iraq, Qasim Nsaif Noor , Qader Jamal , Al.zubaidee Ali
Published: April 2023

Background: Tobacco smoking is considered as one of the most common risk factors for development of oral mucosal lesions which may carry a potential risk for development of oral cancer. Objective: To find the prevalence of nicotinic stomatitis in a sample of cigarette and water pipe smokers in Erbil city of Iraq. Patients and Methods: This study included 410 smokers aged 18 years and above who are smoking for at least five years. Cigarette, water pipe and dual smokers were included of both genders. The type, duration and frequency of habit were recorded. The diagnosis of nicotinic stomatitis was done clinically. The data entered and analyzed by (SPSS software 25th version). Results: Majority of participants were cigarette smokers (73.7%).Out of 410 smoker, prevalence of nicotinic stomatitis was (55.3%) in cigarette smokers,(24.6%) in dual smokers while none of water pipe users developed nicotinic stomatitis ;the incidence increase with increase in duration and frequency of the habit. Conclusion: In this study we found cigarette smoking was more commonly practiced than water pipe .Nicotinic stomatitis is more prevalent in cigarette smoking and its incidence increased with duration and frequency of the habit.
Expression of CK19 in papillary thyroid carcinoma in comparison with benign thyroid lesions
Authors:   College of Medicine , University  of Diyala , Iraq, Abbas Fadhel Thura
Published: April 2023

Background: The Papillary variant of thyroid carcinoma is one of the common types of thyroid malignancies , the commonest. Its diagnosis usually is microscopic which based on nuclear features. Objective: To assess the immunohistochemical expression of cytokeratin 19 (CK19) in PTC and compare its reactivity with other thyroid conditions to approve its importance as a useful test for diagnosing PTC. Patients and Methods: Twenty- cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (with different variants), five follicular adenomas and ten multinodular goiters (MNG) were collected over three years (2018-2021).10% formalin-fixed sections were collected from thyroidectomy specimens. Stained with Hematoxylin and eosin then immunohistochemical staining for immune-marker CK 19 was done using standard techniques. The results were quantitatively scored as the following: score 0 (negative ), score 1+ (<5%) positive cells), score 2+ (5- 25%), score 3+ (25-75%) ,finally score 4+ (>75%) positive cells), and then calculated. Results: An 18 (90%) papillary carcinomas show diffuse and strong (3+ and 4+) expression of CK19 . ,three out of ten (30%) MNG were weakly positive(1+ and 2+) and focal in distribution while in follicular adenoma all cases were negative for CK19 . Conclusion: Ck 19 can stain benign and malignant thyroid tissue, but strong membranous staining applied in cases of papillary ca , thus can be used as confirmatorytool for PTC diagnosis.
Recurrent Inguinal Hernia (A Descriptive Study on Etiology & Management)
Authors:   Al-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital, Baghdad , Iraq, Y Ali Authman , Hameed Abdulla Bassam
Published: April 2023

Background: Recurrent inguinal hernia constitutes a significant problem for the surgical community. Incidence of recurrence and chronic groin pain after hernia repair require continuous audit, participation in a register and follow-up by selective physical examination provides a solid basis for quality control. Objective: Description of cases with recurrent inguinal hernia, type of previous repair, factors contributed to recurrence of hernia and type of repair used with the study of post-operative complications in the early postoperative period. Patients and Methods: Descriptive studies on patients with recurrent inguinal hernia were evaluated and data collected. History; age, occupation, time of previous operation, predisposed factors extracted from the previous operation and change of lifestyle. General examination; the presence of predisposing factors, comorbid factors, obesity. Local examination: to describe the type of hernia. Local examination: to describe the type of hernia. Results: In our study 18(40%) patients had an indirect recurrent hernia, 24 patients with recurrent direct inguinal hernia, and 3 patients presented with pantaloon hernia. Males constitute 93.33% of cases. Smoking and chronic cough were the most common predisposing factors. The right side constitutes 80% of cases and the other 20% on the left side. The interval between the previous operation and clinical presentation of recurrence is the highest number presented after 2-5 years. Conclusion: Mesh repair was superior to other types of repair (less no. of patients with previous mesh repair and less post-operative complications).
Exploration and Analysis of the Implementation Plan of the Three-whole Education in Xianyang Normal University
Authors: Du Songsong
Published: April 2023

Xianyang Normal University, an undergraduate normal college, gives full play to the education advantage of socialist education with Chinese characteristics, with virtue fundamental task, ideal faith education as the core, socialist core values, to improve talent training ability as the key, form full, the whole process, whole person education mode. This paper through the combination of theory and practice, analyzes the connotation of “Three-whole Education” and the current situation of “Three-whole Education” in Xianyang Normal University, and puts forward the implementation path with college characteristics to improve the quality of talent training. Xianyang Normal University through more than 40 years of construction, in three-whole education has made certain achievements and social benefits. The advantages of socialist education with Chinese characteristic adhered to the education orientation and reflected the virtue of fundamental task, outstanding characteristics, speed up the construction of information, integrated the resources and optimized the education process.
An Empirical Study on the Differences between Overt Translation and Covert Translation in Legal Text
Authors: Qian Chunxu
Published: April 2023

Currently, it is key to convey precise meanings to readers for translators. Observing expressing habits between different languages is the precondition to make target texts more readable. It is crucial to ensure the exactness and seriousness of legal texts, but it does not mean that translators have to take machined way to leave out and even give up transmitting in-deep cultural implications for the intention of achieving the all-inclusive integrity of target content. It is a correct choice for translators to take overt translation and covert translation in line with traits of source language and target language and differences between civil law system and common law system. The intention of the article is to make an empirical study between overt translation and covert translation.
Dynamic Prediction Method for Valuable Spare Parts Demand in Weaponry Equipment Based on Data Perception
Authors: Wu Weiyi , Jia Yunxian , Zhang Yangyang , Liu Bin
Published: April 2023

Missile is an important weapon system of the army. The spare parts of missile equipment are significant effect on military operations. In order to improve the mission completion rate of missile equipment in wartime, thispaper introduces data sensing method to forecast the demand of valuablespare parts of missile equipment dynamically. Firstly, the information related to valuable spare parts of missile equipment was obtained by data sensing, and the sample size was determined by Bernoulli uniform sampling probability. Secondly, according to the data quality of multisource and multi-modal, the data requirement for dynamic demand prediction of valuable spare parts of missile equipment was obtained. Finally, according to the characteristics of the spare parts, the life of the spare parts was predicted, realizing the dynamic prediction of the demand for valuable spare parts of missile equipment. The results show that the demand of valuable spare parts of missile equipment can be predicted dynamically by using this method, the accuracy is higher than 95%, and the real-time performance is more excellent.
Toward a Perceptual Solution to Epistemological Objections to Nonnaturalism
Authors: Werner Preston
Published: April 2023

Stance-independent nonnaturalist moral realism is subject to two related epistemological objections. First, there is the metaethical descendant of the Benacerraf problem. Second, there are evolutionary debunking arguments. Standard attempts to solve these epistemological problems have not appealed to any particular moral epistemology. The focus on these epistemologically neutral responses leaves many interesting theoretical stones unturned. Exploring the ability of particular theories in moral epistemology to handle these difficult epistemological objections can help illuminate strengths or weaknesses within these theories themselves, as well as opening up potentially unexplored avenues for responding to deeply entrenched concerns about our epistemic access to the moral properties. In this paper, I assess the prospects of an empiricist and perceptualist model of moral knowledge for responding to epistemological arguments against non-skeptical moral realism. I argue that such a view has powerful responses to these objections that are not open to other moral epistemologists. The upshot is that if some version of the view is correct, then the realist has less to fear from Benacerraf and evolutionary debunking–style epistemological objections. Insofar as one is already a committed realist, then, this provides some indirect support for moral perceptualism.
Freedom, Desire, and Necessity
Authors: Brixel Pascal
Published: April 2023

I defend a necessary condition of local autonomy inspired by Aristotle and Marx. One does something autonomously, I argue, only if one does it for its own sake and not for the sake of further ends alone. I show that this idea steers an attractive middle path between the subjectivism of Dworkin- and Frankfurt-style theories of autonomy on the one hand and the objectivism of Raz-style theories on the other. By doing so, it vindicates and explains two important pieces of common sense of which those theories struggle to make sense. First, it explains how external sources of compulsion, such as coercion by other people and duress by unfavorable circumstances, can compromise the autonomy of an activity. Second, it explains this by articulating the sense in which to act autonomously is to do what one really or truly wants to do, and the correlative sense in which to do something unfreely is instead to be forced or necessitated to do it. At the same time, my proposal brings into view distinctive species of external unfreedom beyond the traditional paradigm cases of coercion and duress. Most importantly, it implies that toil—labor which is not valued intrinsically but is done purely on account of its instrumental necessity—is essentially unfree.
Defensive Killing by Police
Authors: Page Jennifer
Published: April 2023

In the United States, police use of force experts often maintain that controversial police shootings where an unarmed person’s hand gesture was interpreted as their “going for a gun” are justifiable. If an officer waits to confirm that a weapon is indeed being pulled from a jacket pocket or waistband, it may be too late to defend against a lethal attack. This article examines police policy norms for self-defense against “uncertain threats” in three contexts: (1) known in-progress violent crimes, (2) interactions with civilians behaving non-aggressively, and (3) interactions with civilians behaving aggressively. It is argued that the context of a known in-progress violent crime gives rise to threat probability-, fairness-, and lesser evil-based reasons for a norm permitting police officers to use lethal force. However, in the contexts of civilians behaving non-aggressively and civilians behaving aggressively, such a norm is not justifiable. In the former case, I introduce two conditions, the Justification condition and the Valuing Civilian Lives condition, which I argue are not presently met. In the latter case, these two conditions again not met; aggression may moreover be excused or justified due to background injustices around race and the criminal justice system.
Rice bran oil extraction by ethanol: optimization of γ-oryzanol and polyphenol
Authors: Mas'ud F. , Bangngalino H. , Yusuf M. , Suhardi S. , Sayuti M.
Published: April 2023

Rice bran oil (RBO) contains γ-oryzanol and polyphenols which are very beneficial for
health. The work investigated the effect of temperature (oC) (X1), time (hr) (X2), and
volume of ethanol (mL) (X3) as a solvent on the oil yield (%) (Y1), γ-oryzanol (Y2), and
total polyphenol content (TPC) of RBO (Y3) with apply reflux extraction method. The
study was conducted using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on Central
Composite Design (CCD) model with three levels and six centre points. The data were
analyzed using Design-Expert 10 software to create and evaluate models and to plot the
response curves of three-dimensional surfaces. The maximum of Y1 = 16.4%, Y2 = 195.49
mg.L-1
, and Y3 = 1.02 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE).g-1 were achieved under the
optimum conditions process of X1, X2, and X3 were 78.7oC, 1.6 hrs, and 496.5 mL
ethanol/100 g rice bran, respectively. The average of Y1, Y2, and Y3 on verified models
were 16.1±0.66%, 189.12±1.18 mg.L-1
, and 0.91±0.54 mg GAE.g-1
, respectively. These
indicated that this method is very promising to be applied in industry and as an effort to
apply the concept of "green" solvents that is safe for humans and the environment.
Arytmetyka polskich debiutów fabularnych (2006-2021)
Authors: Piepiórka Michał
Published: April 2023

The author used the quantitaive method to examine the full-lenght feature polish debuts from 2006-2021. The aim of the article is to present the dynamics of the field of young polish cinema in the reality of Polish cinematography after the founding of the Polish Film Institute. The author examines the rookie’s profile in terms of age, gender and education. He also checks which entities from the audiovisual industry most willingly produced debuts, which companies most often distributed them, and what results did this type of films achieve in the box office. The research is also accompanied by an attempt to recreate the institutional environment in which young filmmakers have operated for the last 16 years.
Dubbing filmów animowanych jako przekaz kulturowy. O współczesnym podejściu do translacji dubbingowej w Polsce
Authors: Jędrusik Gabriela
Published: April 2023

The process of dubbing a production does not end at the direct translation of the text into the target language, but involves adapting and localising the verbal and choral contents of the film. Moreover, the finished product has to stay intact with the represented visual layer. This analysis researches upon dubbing as a form of translation regarding its function as a channel of conveying culture. In this study some of the animated films released in the past 20 years have been analysed. The discourse is focused on the importance of translation in the reception of the mainstream films from the perspective of a Polish viewer. The main aim of the article is to bring attention to the way in which dubbing presents culture by detaching the viewer from the cultural source and conveying the message of the film by focusing on the familiar, target culture.
Matka może odejść. Obrazy macierzyństwa i katastrofy w filmach "Wieża. Jasny dzień" (2017) Jagody Szelc oraz "Fuga" (2018) Agnieszki Smoczyńskiej
Authors: Domalewski Adam , Powierska Agnieszka
Published: April 2023

In the paper, two recent Polish movies about motherhood are considered: Tower. A Bright Day (2017) by Jagoda Szelc and The Fugue (2019) by Agnieszka Smoczynska. The authors argue that both movies transform the classic plot of a maternal melodrama to depict its heroines as mothers who can make their decision to leave. Simultaneously both main female characters – Kaja and Kinga – are portrayed as somewhat dysfunctional, “abjective”, and monstrous. However, the narration of the movies seems to sympathize with them. As a result, Tower. A Bright Day and The Fugue bring uneasy and provocative images of motherhood as well as the vision of upcoming catastrophe (in social and even extraterrestrial sense).
Rapid weightless determination of the atomic ratio of iron and platinum in ferrocene derivatives by x-ray fluorescence analysis
Authors: Kitaeva D. Kh. , Lependina O. L. , Talanova V. N. , Karandi I. V. , Buyanovskaya A. G.
Published: April 2023

When developing new organometallic compounds, the necessity for a rapid control of the elemental composition of the substances obtained arises at different stages of synthesis. This makes urgent the goal of speeding up the procedure of elemental analysis. The XFA method is traditionally used in the laboratory for microanalysis when determining the metal content in the substance composition according to the method of an external standard with a dilution of the substance sample with emulsion polystyrene. Precise weighing of the sample and diluent is required in the manufacture of analyzed reflector samples, since a dilution factor is needed to calculate the content of the elements. When synthetic chemists are interested in the atomic ratio of metals included in the organic matrix rather than in the exact elemental composition of the resulting compound, we propose to eliminate the lengthy weighing procedure and use measured amounts of substances in the manufacture of the analyzed samples. The developed technique is tested on a number of ferrocene derivatives containing platinum atoms, and a rapid weightless method for determining the atomic ratios of Fe and Pt in synthesis products is proposed. Analytical signals were measured on an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer SPECTROSCAN MAX-GVM (NPO Spectron LLC, St. Petersburg) at the wavelengths of FeKα and PtLα lines in the 40 kV/0.5 mA mode. The metal content in the emitter samples was determined by the calibration equations. Simplification of the spectrometry procedure and the absence of weighing significantly speeds up the procedure. The proposed method can be used as a preliminary criterion for success synthesis of the desired product before the complete elemental analysis of the latter.
Study of the relationship between the intrinsic Q-factor of a volumetric wave resonator and the error in determining the dielectric constant of a material
Authors: Krylov V. P.
Published: April 2023

To achieve high accuracy in determining the dielectric properties of materials using guide cavity, measurements are performed using resonant oscillation with high Q-factor. The error in determination of the resonant frequency is considered given a priori in calculations of the dielectric permittivity and the dielectric loss tangent, whereas the dependence of the error of dielectric measurements on the resonance oscillation Q-factor is out of scope. We present the results of studying the relationship between the resonance frequency, Q-factor and resonating cavity transmission factor. Proceeding from the analysis of the shape of the resonance curve as a frequency dependence of the transmission factor, we determined a relationship between the error of the resonant frequency and Q-factor of the oscillations used for measuring the dielectric properties of the material. This is especially important when measuring the temperature dependences of the dielectric permittivity of materials under their heating at super high frequencies (SHF), when the conductivity of resonator walls and the Q-factor of resonant oscillations decrease as the temperature goes up. It was demonstrated that enhancing of the accuracy of measuring the transition factor is a provision for achieving the required accuracy of measuring the dielectric properties of materials at a lower values of the resonator Q-factor. The results obtained can be used in studying high-temperature resonator devices intended for measuring the dielectric properties of materials in SHF range.
Study of the strength of 3D-printed products with varying technological parameters in the printing process
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, Turchenko Maksim V.
Published: April 2023

The technology of additive manufacturing of parts makes it possible to signifi cantly reduce the cost of machinery repair. However, the property formation laws of such parts have not been suffi ciently studied. The authors have studied the relationship between the ultimate strength of 3D-printed samples and the number of wall layers and infi ll density. Samples produced according to GOST 11262-2017 by 3D printing using FDM technology from ABS plastic were tested for static stretching. Two groups of samples, diff erent in technological parameters of 3D-printing, were made. In the fi rst group the wall of the samples was formed in four layers, the density of the sample fi ll varied in the range of 20 to 100%. In the second group, the number of wall layers varied from 2 to 10, the infi ll density of the samples corresponded to 33%. When samples were made, extruder temperature was 230°C, table temperature - 110°C, layer height - 0.15 mm, and printing speed - 60 mm/s. An analysis of the yield strength of the samples showed an increase in strength with an increase in the number of wall layers. Signifi cant diff erence of strength values was observed in samples with six layers and more. Signifi cant variation of yield strength values can be explained by the presence of defects in the samples after printing. When infi ll density exceeded 40%, a signifi cant increase in strength was observed due to the densifi cation of polymer molecule bonds. In the range of 20 to 40%, the strength index did not change, because the same structural changes occurred in this range. It was found that the number of wall layers should not exceed the number of inner perimeter layers and the infi ll density of the parts should be 100% to produce polymeric parts of agricultural machinery by 3D printing using FDM technology with maximum strength characteristics.