bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Mathematical Description for the Stress-Strain Behavior of Annealed 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo Steel
Authors: Klueh R. L. , Hebble T. L.
Published: November 2010

We have conducted a detailed series of tensile tests on one heat of annealed 2 1/4 Cr-1 Mo steel over the range 25 to 593°C (75 to 1100°F) and at nominal strain rates of 0.4, 0.04, 0.004, and 0.0004/min. To determine an empirical relationship to represent the flow behavior, we fitted the true-stress true-strain data from these tests to several proposed models. The models fit were those proposed by Hollomon, Ludwik, Ludwigson, and Voce. From a comparison of the standard error of estimate, the Voce equation was concluded to be the best mathematical description of the data under most test conditions and the best single representation over the wide range of test conditions.
Analysis of Fatigue-Crack Growth in a High-Strength Steel—Part I: Stress Level and Stress Ratio Effects at Constant Amplitude
Authors: Sullivan A. M. , Crooker T. W.
Published: November 2010

High-strength pressure vessel steel surface flaw or part-through crack (PTC) specimens were selected for studies of fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) under constant amplitude cycling to assess the effects of varied stress ratio R (minimum nominal stress/maximum nominal stress, σmin/σmax) and stress level (maximum nominal stress/yield stress, σmax/σys). Analyzed within the framework of linear elastic fracture mechanics, these studies warrant the following conclusions regarding fatigue-crack growth in this material: • Crack growth does not appear to be influenced by stress level, per se, even for stress levels approaching net section yield. • It is moderately influenced by both positive (tension-tension) and negative (tension-compression) stress ratios. • It is principally related to the tensile range of cyclic stress as expressed by the fracture mechanics stress-intensity range parameter, ΔK. Utilizing the results of this investigation, a normalizing relationship expressing da/dN as a function of both ΔK and R, which is applicable to both positive and negative values, is discussed. It is concluded that the stress-intensity range ΔK provides a viable analytical approach to fatigue crack-growth analyses relevant to high-strength pressure vessels.
Friction Area and Nozzle Area for Valves and Fittings as New All-Purpose Flow Parameters
Authors: Pool E. B.
Published: November 2010

Friction area is proposed as an improvement over Cv for incompressible flow capacity. Nozzle area, experimentally determined, is proposed as an improvement over other parameters for choked flow of gases due to sonic velocity and choked flow of liquids due to cavitation. Choked flow problems occur in control valves and pressure regulators, system blowdown, and most recently in emergency isolation valves for nuclear steam and feedwater. Nozzle area also defines the expansion factor for non-choked compressible flow.
Plastic Collapse of Oval Straight Tubes Under External Pressure
Authors: Small N. C.
Published: November 2010

Experimental and theoretical results are presented for the collapse pressure of long straight slightly oval Inconel tubes under external pressure with dimensions used in heat exchangers for nuclear power plants. Since the tubes are in the thick-walled category, plastic effects are significant. Plastic limit analysis methods are utilized to obtain an expression for the collapse pressure which is exact for the idealized tube and which correlates well with the test data. The expected imperfection sensitivity is displayed by the significant drop of the collapse pressure for small increases in ovality.
A Motion Analysis of a Riser Upper Joint Interacting With a Floating Vessel
Authors: Chung J. S.
Published: November 2010

Riser motions (acceleration and velocity) should be estimated for the determination of forces on the riser in waves. They are predominantly influenced by vessel motions. Previous analyses involving waves or water depth have not presented details of in-depth approach or extensive numerical results and have ignored motion phase angles. In this paper, a method of prediction and analysis with numerical results is presented for the absolute or relative riser motions and for vessel motion. Mathematical derivations directly relate the equations of the vessel motion to the riser motions. Effects of phase angles and water depth on motions of a (semi-submersible) vessel and a riser are shown to be significant and should be accounted for in the determination of the riser motions.
Geometry of Scalloped Closures for Cylindrical Vessels
Authors: Epstein H. I.
Published: November 2010

Conical closures for cylindrical tanks are easily fabricated and hence would be economical if not for the large stresses developed at the sharp-cornered junction between cylinder and cone, especially for a fairly flat closure. The scalloped closure presented has been shown to retain most of the desired characteristics of the cone while carrying the loads more effectively. This results in substantial material savings. In order to understand how the scalloped closure resists the applied loads, the geometry must be thoroughly understood. The geometry necessary to analyze, design and fabricate the scalloped closure is presented.
Influence of Inner Surface Defects on the Fatigue Strength of Pipe Subjected to Cyclic Internal Pressure
Authors: Yazaki Y. , Hashirizaki S. , Nishida S. , Urashima C.
Published: November 2010

Cyclic internal oil pressure fatigue tests were carried out on medium-diameter ERW pipes of API 5LX - X60 in an attempt to determine the influence of surface defects on the fatigue strength. Experimental factors investigated were the depth and location of internal surface notch in relation to the axis of pipe. The specimen was subjected to cyclic internal pressure, the cyclic rate being 0.3–0.5 Hz. During the test, Acoustic Emission (AE) techniques were applied to detect the fatigue crack initiation. Along with the aforementioned fatigue tests, pulsating tension fatigue tests were carried out on specimens with the same surface notches as the cyclic internal pressure fatigue test specimen.
Reduction of Stress Concentration Due to Interference Fits in an Infinite Plate With Two Holes
Authors: Iwaki T. , Miyao K.
Published: November 2010

This paper contains an exact solution for stresses which are produced in an infinite plate with two holes of different sizes by interference fits. It is assumed that the plate and the interference-fitted ring have the same elastic properties and are perfectly bonded to each other. Numerical examples of the solution are worked out and the interference fits are found useful for reducing the high-stress concentration effects which are induced in an infinite plate with two holes by external forces.
Design of U-Shaped Bellows Considering Low-Cycle Fatigue
Authors: Hamada M. , Tanaka M.
Published: November 2010

The elastoplastic analysis for shells of revolution is applied to the problem of the U-shaped bellows subjected to completely reversed cyclic axial force. Use of these results together with the Manson-Coffin law yields a design formula for the prediction of low-cycle fatigue life of the bellows. Comparison is made between some of the available experimental results and the proposed formula.
Stiffness Coefficients and Allowable Loads for Nozzles in Flat-Bottom Storage Tanks
Authors: Billimoria H. D. , Hagstrom J.
Published: November 2010

The stiffness coefficients presented in this paper simulate the actual local translational and flexural restraint of the nozzle connection due to the attached tank shell. These coefficients can be conveniently incorporated into the analysis of the attached piping system to determine the imposed reactions at the pipe to nozzle junction. It is felt that including the stiffness coefficient will have an appreciable effect on the results of the piping analysis and will give a realistic prediction of the end forces at the nozzle connection. The acceptability of these end forces can be evaluated using the proposed criteria. The stiffness curves given in this paper can also be utilized to determine the elastic deformations of the tank shell for the calculated end forces at the nozzle connection due to the attached piping.
Diamond Compact Cutter Studies for Geothermal Bit Design
Authors: Hibbs L. E. , Flom D. G.
Published: November 2010

As a prerequisite to design of a geothermal drill bit using diamond compact cutters, the rock cutting characteristics of these compacts have been studied in a series of instrumented single-cutter continuous and interrupted turning tests on hard, high-compressive strength sandstone and other rocks of known properties. A range of compact rake angles was used and cutting forces were measured. Rake angles affected cutting efficiency (specific energy) at light cuts but were less significant at high penetration forces more characteristic of bit weights used in drilling. In continuous turning, cutter forces exhibit regular, repeating variations probably related to the alternate crushing and fracturing modes which the rock undergoes. In interrupted cutting, forces drop to zero, as expected, while passing through a void but on subsequent impact the forces are no greater than measured in continuous cutting. Thus, force fluctuations when cutting a composite of hard and soft rock should not be significantly greater than those generated in cutting each rock separately. Of considerable interest is the fact that cutting forces were found initially to be independent of speed over the tenfold speed range and low depths of cut covered. More sophisticated cutting experiments covering a wider range of conditions and rock types showed a significant effect of speed on force. However, the effects of changing speed were not as great as those of geometry and depth of cut. The results of these experiments have been used in generation of a preliminary bit design.
An Experimental Evaluation of Drill Pipe Protectors
Authors: Bradley W. B.
Published: November 2010

Previous tests [1] have shown drill pipe protectors are of value in reducing casing wear, particularly at high contact loads. However, the brand of protectors tested could not withstand high contact loads without slipping on the drill pipe and tearing apart. As a result, further tests were conducted to find a protector which can withstand high contact loads without slipping or failing and still minimize casing wear. Results from the present tests show that drill pipe protectors can be made to operate at high contact loads without failure, grip the drill pipe without slipping, and maintain a low rate of casing wear. In addition, the test results indicate that drill pipe protector quality control needs to be improved.
Collapse of Worn Casing
Authors: Murphey C. E.
Published: November 2010

Collapse tests were performed on one-in. dia steel tubes with flats milled on the exterior to simulate worn casing. External pressure and axial load were applied to the tubs having a range of wall thickness, yield strength, and degree of wear. Empirical correlation of the data and comparison with elastic collapse calculations indicate the percentage reduction in collapse pressure due to wear. This reduction is predictable within upper and lower bounds. While the milled external flat may not accurately simulate severe internal wear, the correlation is adequate for less than severe wear to give an indication of remaining strength.
Materials Consideration for the BIGAS Coal Gasification Pilot Plant
Authors: Brant V. L. , Sluzalis L. L.
Published: November 2010

The BIGAS pilot plant at Homer City, Pennsylvania is presently undergoing startup. Materials selections for the pilot plant design were based on petroleum and chemical industries technologies using available materials of construction. Some extraordinary process conditions which required special design techniques are discussed along with presentation of material selections for the major items of equipment.
Deviation Forces Arising From Single Bit Tooth Indentation of an Anisotropic Porous Media
Authors: Smith M. B. , Cheatham J. B.
Published: November 2010

The effect of formation anisotropy on the hole deviation force acting on a single bit tooth is analyzed for a plastically deforming rock. A yield condition which allows a nonlinear dependence of strength on confining pressure is used in a numerical analysis of the plane strain indentation of a porous rock by a single bit tooth. The hole deviation force was approximately 50 percent of the vertical indentation force for the example calculation.
Low-Cycle Fatigue of AISI 1010 Steel at Temperatures up to 1200°F (649°C)
Authors: Jaske C. E.
Published: November 2010

This program was undertaken to develop isothermal low-cycle fatigue information for AISI 1010 steel in air. Such information is needed to help predict acceptable conditions for equipment and structures operating at elevated temperatures. Tensile properties and cyclic stress-strain behavior were also developed. For lives between 103 and 106 cycles to failure, fatigue curves were developed at 70, 400, 600, 800, 1000, and 1200°F (21, 204, 316, 427,538, and 649°C). Data for these curves were obtained from constant-amplitude, fully reversed strain-cycling tests of axially loaded specimens. Results from the same experiments were used to define cyclic stress-strain curves at each of the above temperatures. Dynamic strain aging caused a maximum amount of cyclic hardening at 600°F (316°C). In terms of stress amplitude, the maximum fatigue strength was at 600°F (316°C). In terms of either total strain range or plastic strain range, the maximum fatigue resistance was at 400°F (204°C). At temperaures above 600°F (316°C), fatigue resistance decreased as temperature increased. Tensile hold periods caused a significant reduction in cyclic life at 800 and 1000°F (427 and 538°C) but had no noticeable effect on cyclic life at 600°F (316°C). Fatigue resistance was quantified in terms of power functions relating fatigue life to both plastic strain range and stress amplitude, and cyclic stress-strain response was quantified in terms of a power function relating stress amplitude to plastic strain amplitude. The method of strain-range partitioning provided good cyclic life predictions for the limited number of tensile hold-time experiments, although other types of hold periods were not evaluated.
Accuracies of Numerical Solution Methods for the Elastic-Perfectly Plastic Model
Authors: Krieg R. D. , Krieg D. B.
Published: November 2010

The accuracy of integration of the constitutive equations for an isotropic elastic-perfectly plastic von Mises material is examined. A strainrate vector of arbitrary direction, but constant in time, is imposed for an arbitrary duration on a material with an arbitrary initial stress state. An exact solution is presented and then used to compare the accuracy of three commonly used numerical methods. The simplistic radial return method is found to have reasonable single step accuracy. It is recommended for moderate accuracy requirements and the exact method for higher accuracy. The multistep error estimator based on the magnitude of the deviatoric trial stress is shown to be bad and a better estimator presented for the secant stiffness method.
Decoupling of Undamped Vibration Systems
Authors: Scavuzzo R. J. , Lam P.
Published: November 2010

Decoupling of a multimass vibration system from a large structure is investigated. First the dynamic influence on the foundation (or floor) response spectra of the inertia of the subcomponent system is studied using time-history input. Secondly, the affect of coupling on the natural frequencies of both the structure and subcomponent system are studied using formulas developed from normal mode theory. Results of these studies show that equipment-structure interaction cannot be neglected if the subcomponent is in resonance with the structure. The foundation (or floor) response spectra is significantly reduced at original peaks in these curves. Shifts in frequency of the system are also more pronounced at this resonant condition. Estimates of frequency changes of both the structure and subcomponent are related to a ratio of the modal masses of the subcomponent and the mass of the structure.
Structural Design of a Superheater for a Central Solar Receiver
Authors: Narayanan T. V. , Gupta G. D. , Rao M. S. M.
Published: November 2010

One of the critical components of a receiver in a central solar thermal power system is the superheater. A solar superheater is subjected to nonaxisymmetric radiant heating and is usually required to operate at elevated temperatures. Unlike those in conventional and nuclear power systems, solar superheaters are also subjected to thermal and stress cycles associated with startups and shutdowns due to diurnal solar variations and cloud covers. Because of these features, solar superheaters warrant special treatment with regards to structural analysis and design. This paper describes the structural analysis and design considerations and proposes a set of evaluation criteria for a superheater in a central solar receiver.
Modal Superposition Method for Computationally Economical Nonlinear Structural Analysis
Authors: Shah V. N. , Bohm G. J. , Nahavandi A. N.
Published: November 2010

A modal superposition method for analyzing nonlinear structural dynamic problems involving impact between components is developed and evaluated. The finite-element method is used to express the equations of motion with nonlinearities represented by pseudo force vector. Three test problems are solved to verify this method. This has demonstrated the applicability of this method to seismic analysis of large, complex structural systems. It is concluded that the modal superposition method has a significant cost advantage over the direct integration method for problems with large wave fronts and the source of nonlinearities restricted to a limited portion of the structure.
Composite Spherical Pressure Vessels With Hardening Metal Liners
Authors: Foral R. F.
Published: November 2010

This paper presents a closed form analysis of behavior of a metal-lined composite sphere under internal pressure. Generic behavior, away from discontinuities, is considered. The composite is assumed to be linear elastic throughout, with transverse isotropy with respect to a radius vector. The liner material is elastic-plastic with assumed linear strain hardening. The analysis utilizes the J2 incremental theory of plasticity and is structured so that a typical pressurization history can be described, with proof, release, and cyclic pressurization. Numerical results are presented. The solution is used to relate performance with design parameter variation and design efficiency charts are presented.
Development of Fatigue Design Curves for Pressure Vessel Alloys Using a Modified Langer Equation
Authors: Diercks D. R.
Published: November 2010

The Jaske and O’Donnell [1] curve-fitting procedure for analyzing fatigue data generated between room temperature and 427° C (800° F) for several pressure vessel alloys is reexamined in the present paper. Substantial improvements over their best-fit curves to the data are found to result from two proposed modifications to their procedure, namely 1) the use of a variable exponent in the Langer equation, and 2) minimization of the sum of the squares of the errors in the logarithms of the cyclic-stress amplitudes rather than in the stress amplitudes directly. Likewise, important differences are observed for the resultant allowable stress-amplitude values for design purposes. In particular, the present analysis permits higher allowable stress amplitudes in the critical low-cycle fatigue-life region for the austenitic stainless steels, alloy 800, and alloy 600. Two best-fit curves and the associated sets of allowable stress amplitudes, corresponding to the inclusion or deletion of load-controlled data, are obtained for alloy 718.
Inelastic Bending of Beams Under Time-Varying Moments—A State Variable Approach
Authors: Chang K. J. , Lance R. , Mukherjee S.
Published: November 2010

The inelastic response of a beam to several time-varying moments is presented in this paper. The constitutive equations used to describe the beam material are due to Hart. This is one of several state variable theories of inelastic deformation that have been proposed recently. Hart’s equations have been previously shown to accurately predict the response of uniaxial specimens to time-varying loads. It is seen from this paper that Hart’s theory is able to qualitatively simulate various phenomena in creep and plasticity such as the effect of previous deformation history, stress redistribution, yielding, strain recovery, material hardening and strain rate sensitivity in this case of bending of a beam. The computational scheme used to integrate the equations is very efficient.
CDKN1B/p27 expression in peripheral T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified
Authors: Gazzola Anna , Sista Maria Teresa , Agostinelli Claudio , Righi Simona , Sapienza Maria Rosaria , Mannu Claudia , Rossi Maura , Bacci Francesco , Sabattini Elena , Went Philip , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Pileri Stefano A , Piccaluga Pier Paolo
Published: November 2010

Aims

Peripheral T cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (PTCL/NOS) is the commonest PTCL subtype. Recently, proliferation pathways have been found to be commonly altered in PTCL/NOS.CDKN1B/p27, a critical regulator of cell cycle and proliferation, has been suggested to be involved in T cell lymphomagenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the possible occurrence ofCDKN1B/p27 aberrations in PTCL/NOS.

Methods

CDKN1B/p27 expression at RNA and protein level by DNA and tissue microarrays, in 28 and 98 cases, respectively, was studied. Additionally, direct sequencing ofCDKN1Bin 81 PTCL/NOS was performed.

Results

CDKN1BmRNA was similarly expressed in PTCL/NOS and normal T lymphocytes. In addition, structural abnormalities were not found; these included mutations and deletions in any exons, exon–intron junctions or regulatory regions. Furthermore, physiological expression of p27 in neoplastic cells was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry; this was mutually exclusive with Ki-67, as expected when the system is intact. Consistently, the expression of other molecules that are functionally related toCDKN1B/p27 in controlling cell cycle (includingCCNE1) did not appear to be affected at either the mRNA or protein level. Finally, it was found that p27 expression was not significantly related with overall survival.

Conclusion

CDKN1B/p27 aberrations seem to be uncommon in PTCL/NOS pathogenesis.
SUPERSYMMETRIC ANALYSIS FOR THE DIRAC EQUATION WITH SPIN-SYMMETRIC AND PSEUDO-SPIN-SYMMETRIC INTERACTIONS
Authors: HALL RICHARD L. , YEŞILTAŞ ÖZLEM
Published: November 2010

A supersymmetric analysis is presented for the d-dimensional Dirac equation with central potentials under spin-symmetric (S(r) = V(r)) and pseudo-spin-symmetric (S(r) = - V(r)) regimes. We construct the explicit shift operators that are required to factorize the Dirac Hamiltonian with the Kratzer potential. Exact solutions are provided for both the Coulomb and Kratzer potentials.
POSSIBILITY OF SYNTHESIZING SUPERHEAVY ELEMENTS IN NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS
Authors: BOTVINA ALEXANDER , MISHUSTIN IGOR , ZAGREBAEV VALERY , GREINER WALTER
Published: November 2010

The possibility to produce superheavy elements in the course of low-yield nuclear explosions is analyzed within a simple kinetic model which includes neutron capture, γ-emission, fission and particle evaporation from excited nuclei. We have calculated average numbers of absorbed neutrons as well as mass distributions of U and Cm nuclei exposed to an impulsive neutron flux as functions of its duration. It is demonstrated that detectable amounts of heavy nuclei absorbing from 20 to 60 neutrons may be produced in this process. According to an optimistic scenario, after multiple β-decay such nuclei may reach the long-living elements of the predicted "island of stability".
ENHANCING BIOLOGICAL RELEVANCE OF A WEIGHTED GENE CO-EXPRESSION NETWORK FOR FUNCTIONAL MODULE IDENTIFICATION
Authors: PROM-ON SANTITHAM , CHANTHAPHAN ATTHAWUT , CHAN JONATHAN HOYIN , MEECHAI ASAWIN
Published: November 2010

Relationships among gene expression levels may be associated with the mechanisms of the disease. While identifying a direct association such as a difference in expression levels between case and control groups links genes to disease mechanisms, uncovering an indirect association in the form of a network structure may help reveal the underlying functional module associated with the disease under scrutiny. This paper presents a method to improve the biological relevance in functional module identification from the gene expression microarray data by enhancing the structure of a weighted gene co-expression network using minimum spanning tree. The enhanced network, which is called a backbone network, contains only the essential structural information to represent the gene co-expression network. The entire backbone network is decoupled into a number of coherent sub-networks, and then the functional modules are reconstructed from these sub-networks to ensure minimum redundancy. The method was tested with a simulated gene expression dataset and case-control expression datasets of autism spectrum disorder and colorectal cancer studies. The results indicate that the proposed method can accurately identify clusters in the simulated dataset, and the functional modules of the backbone network are more biologically relevant than those obtained from the original approach.
The structure of inverses in schema mappings
Authors: Fagin Ronald , Nash Alan
Published: November 2010

A schema mapping is a specification that describes how data structured under one schema (the source schema) is to be transformed into data structured under a different schema (the target schema). The notion of an inverse of a schema mapping is subtle, because a schema mapping may associate many target instances with each source instance, and many source instances with each target instance. In PODS 2006, Fagin defined a notion of the inverse of a schema mapping. This notion is tailored to the types of schema mappings that commonly arise in practice (those specified by “source-to-target tuple-generating dependencies”, or
s-t tgds
). We resolve the key open problem of the complexity of deciding whether there is an inverse. We also explore a number of interesting questions, including: What is the structure of an inverse? When is the inverse unique? How many nonequivalent inverses can there be? When does an inverse have an inverse? How big must an inverse be? Surprisingly, these questions are all interrelated. We show that for schema mappings M specified by
full
s-t tgds (those with no existential quantifiers), if M has an inverse, then it has a polynomial-size inverse of a particularly nice form, and there is a polynomial-time algorithm for generating it. We introduce the notion of “essential conjunctions” (or “essential atoms” in the full case), and show that they play a crucial role in the study of inverses. We use them to give greatly simplified proofs of some known results about inverses. What emerges is a much deeper understanding about this fundamental and complex operator.
Pharmacological inhibition of intracellular calcium release blocks acid-induced bone resorption
Authors: Krieger Nancy S. , Bushinsky David A.
Published: November 2010

In vivo chronic metabolic acidosis induces net Ca2+ efflux from bone, and incubation of neonatal mouse calvariae in medium simulating physiological metabolic acidosis induces bone resorption. It appears that activation of the proton (H+) receptor OGR1 in the osteoblast leads to an increase in intracellular Ca2+, which is associated with an increase in cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) and PGE2-induced receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and H+-induced osteoclastic bone resorption. To support this hypothesis, we tested whether intracellular Ca2+ signaling was integral to H+-induced bone resorption by determining whether 8-( N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (TMB-8) and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), inhibitors of inositol trisphosphate-mediated Ca2+ signaling, would block H+-induced bone resorption in cultured neonatal calvariae and, if so, would do so by inhibiting H+-induced stimulation of COX2 and RANKL in osteoblastic cells. We found that H+-induced bone resorption is significantly inhibited by TMB-8 and 2-APB. Both compounds also inhibit H+-induced stimulation of COX2 protein in calvariae and COX2 mRNA and protein levels in primary osteoblasts. H+-induced stimulation of RANKL in calvarial cultures, as well as primary cells, is also completely inhibited by TMB-8 and 2-APB. These results support the hypothesis that H+ stimulation of net Ca2+ efflux from bone, mediated by COX2- and subsequent PGE2-induced RANKL production, is initiated in the osteoblast via activation of Ca2+ signaling.
The trouble with sanctions: Organizational responses to deviant anger displays at work
Authors: Geddes Deanna , Stickney Lisa T
Published: November 2010

This article examines management and coworker reactions to employee anger expressions that violate salient emotion display norms, for example, deviant anger, and explores whether these reactions can promote subsequent positive change at work. Full-time US employees volunteered information about workplace anger expressions they personally witnessed and felt ‘went too far’. Using open-ended survey questions, we identified three categories of deviant anger (physical acts, intense verbal displays, and inappropriate communication), as well as various formal and informal sanctioning and supportive responses initiated by organizational observers. Additional data collection and generalized linear modeling analysis revealed that when coworkers and management responded supportively to the angry employee (rather than with sanctions or doing nothing), favorable change occurred, improving the problematic situation. Implications for future research, management practices, and employee socialization are discussed.
Enabling selves to conduct themselves safely: Safety committee discourse as governmentality in practice
Authors: Rasmussen Joel
Published: November 2010

A developing body of literature argues that workplace safety is increasingly becoming the responsibility of employees who are the potential victims of hazards. Although interaction is an integral part of enacting and justifying these responsibilization processes, previous research has not provided detailed analysis of organizational talk in this regard. Following Brownlie’s (2004) ‘analytic bridging’ of Foucault and close discourse analysis, this study centres on a safety committee meeting, and demonstrates how governmentality is exercised as senior managers seek the consent of other employees for behavioural-safety implementation. Three discursive strategies are analysed in detail, examining the construction and invocation of: 1) an equal partnership through collaborative and vague talk; 2) hierarchy through directives and declaratives; 3) competitiveness by the establishment of a factory-versus-factory contest. In sum, these discursive strategies forcefully combine constructions of reciprocal relations together with disciplinary discourse that mandates compliance with program implementation.
Using Common Themes: Cost-Effectiveness of Permanent Supported Housing for People With Mental Illness
Authors: Chalmers McLaughlin Thomas
Published: November 2010

This article examines the cost-effectiveness of providing permanent supported housing to homeless people with mental illness. Through the use of billing records and frequency of use charts, researchers were able to map the service usage of a cohort of 268 homeless individuals from both urban and rural communities. The results suggest that significant cost savings can be achieved by establishing supportive housing programs from the homeless rather than forcing them to rely on emergency services. Data from this study can inform policy changes at both the State and Federal level. It can also provide for the introduction of common themes of money and cost-effectiveness which all of the stakeholders in the service funding debate can use. Further recommendations and uses for the data are described and discussed.
Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment of an 11-Year-Old Male Presenting With Emetophobia: A Case Study
Authors: Graziano Paulo A. , Callueng Carmelo M. , Geffken Gary R.
Published: November 2010

The goal of the current case study was to illustrate an evidence-based assessment and the cognitive-behavioral treatment of an 11-year-old male with emetophobia. A multimodal assessment of the child’s anxiety symptoms was conducted, including a semistructured diagnostic interview (Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule: Child and Parent Versions), parent report (Behavior Assessment System for Children—Second Edition.), and child self-report (Revised Children’s Manifest Anxiety Scale and Child Depression Inventory). Emetophobia symptoms were assessed via parent and child report of the Emetophobia Questionnaire. Treatment included graduated exposure, cognitive restructuring, and parent training. Improvement was seen within 22 sessions and maintained at a 6 months follow-up. In addition to a reduction in symptoms of emetophobia, discontinuation of medication, and no longer meeting Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; DSM-IV) criteria for specific phobia, treatment gains also included a reduction in internalizing and somatization symptoms as well as an increase in the patient’s adaptive skills. This case study illustrates the use of CBT along with parent training as an efficacious treatment for children with emetophobia. It also demonstrates how to incorporate simple, everyday technology (i.e., Internet) to simulate exposures that are otherwise difficult to duplicate in the therapy session.
Unipedicled laterodigital transposition flap for covering dorsal longitudinal skin defects in multi-digit injuries
Authors: Toros T. , Özaksar K. , Sügün T.Sadik , Kayalar M. , Bal E. , Ademoğlu Y.
Published: November 2010

A variety of flaps have been described to treat longitudinal soft tissue defects located on the dorsal aspect of the fingers. We report 13 dorsal soft tissue defects in four patients in which unipedicle laterodigital transposition flaps were used for reconstruction. This flap is especially useful for the reconstruction of long and narrow defects located on the dorsal region of the fingers in multi-digit injuries.
Memory Deficits Due to Familial British DementiaBRI2Mutation Are Caused by Loss ofBRI2Function Rather than Amyloidosis
Authors: Tamayev Robert , Giliberto Luca , Li Wei , d'Abramo Cristina , Arancio Ottavio , Vidal Ruben , D'Adamio Luciano
Published: November 2010

Familial dementias, which include Alzheimer disease (AD), familial British dementia (FBD), and familial Danish dementia (FDD), are caused by dominantly inherited autosomal mutations and are characterized by the production of amyloidogenic peptides, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and neurodegeneration (St George-Hyslop and Petit, 2005; Garringer et al., 2009). The prevailing pathogenic theory, the “amyloid cascade hypothesis” (Hardy and Selkoe, 2002), posits that the accumulation of amyloidogenic peptides triggers tauopathy, neurodegeneration, and cognitive and behavioral changes. However, this hypothesis is yet to be validated, and causes of dementia may be multifaceted and involve other mechanisms, such as loss of function due to pathogenic mutations. Mouse models of human dementia invariably use transgenic expression systems (LaFerla and Oddo, 2005; McGowan et al., 2006; Vidal et al., 2009; Coomaraswamy et al., 2010) that do not reflect the genotypes of human disease and cannot replicate loss of function. Therefore, we generated a knock-in (KI) mouse model of FBD (FBDKI) genetically congruous with the human disease. FBD is caused by a missense mutation at the stop codon of theBRI2gene (Vidal et al., 1999) and, like FBD patients, FBDKImice carry this mutation in one of the two murineBri2alleles. We report that the British mutation drastically reduces expression of mature BRI2 in both KI mice and human FBD brains. This deficit is associated with severe hippocampal memory deficits in FBDKImice. Remarkably, these animals showed no cerebral amyloidosis and tauopathy.Bri2+/−mice present memory deficits similar to those in FBDKIanimals. Collectively, these results indicate that the BritishBRI2mutation underlies abnormal memory due to loss of BRI2 function and independently of histopathological alterations typically evident in advanced neurodegenerative disease.
Lower jaw of the Early Paleocene mammalAlveugenaand its interpretation as a transitional fossil
Authors: Rook Deborah L. , Hunter John P. , Pearson Dean A. , Bercovici Antoine
Published: November 2010

The Paleogene Order Taeniodonta Cope, 1876—peculiar heavy-bodied mammals, some with evergrowing cheek teeth—are grouped with the Late Cretaceous eutherianCimolestesMarsh, 1889, along with a host of other taxa in a superordinal group, the Cimolesta. Taeniodonts were thought to have arisen fromCimolestesindirectly, through PaleoceneProcerberusSloan and Van Valen, 1965. The recently described PaleoceneAlveugenaEberle, 1999, until now known only from the upper dentition, has been put forth as a transitional form between cimolestids and taeniodonts on phylogenetic and biostratigraphic grounds. An older taeniodont, the Late CretaceousSchowalteriaFox and Naylor, 2003, has since been described, complicating taeniodont origins. We describe here a lower jaw that we refer toAlveugenafrom the lower part of the Ludlow Member of the Fort Union Formation in North Dakota. The lower jaw comes from strata of early Early Paleocene age (Puercan 1 North American Land Mammal Age) ~8.5 m above a Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, identified using palynological criteria. A cladistic analysis is here presented using new data onSchowalteriaandAlveugena, added to that ofCimolestes, Procerberus formicarumSloan and Van Valen, 1965,P. grandisMiddleton and Dewar, 2004, andOnychodectes.This analysis revealedAlveugenaas the sister taxon of the taeniodonts but with a closer relationship toCimolestesthanProcerberus, suggesting that taeniodonts evolved from aCimolestes-like ancestor. We discuss the age relations of early taeniodonts and related taxa and propose a scenario of ancestor-descendent relations that minimizes, but does not eliminate, implied stratigraphic gaps.
The Miracles at Sainte-Anne-du-Petit-Cap and the Making of a Seventeenth-Century Colonial Community
Authors: Dunn Mary Corley
Published: November 2010

Abstract:

Over the course of the seventeenth century, thirty-three instances of miraculous intercession attributed to Saint Anne were recorded and preserved at the church of Sainte-Anne-du-Petit-Cap, Quebec. An analysis of these reports of miraculous intercession that attends to both the narrative and performative dimensions of miracle stories suggests that the events held an important place within the emerging colonial community, at once conveying and constructing an understanding of the community as governed by the providence of God, aligned with French national interests, and ordered under the authority of the post-Tridentine Catholic Church.
Canada or Guadeloupe?: French and British Perceptions of Empire, 1760–1763
Authors: Dewar Helen
Published: November 2010

Abstract:

The debate that arose in France and Britain over which concession to favour, Canada or Guadeloupe, in the peace negotiations towards the end of the Seven Years' War was a significant historical moment, one in which imperial perceptions can be compared. The different directions taken by the two empires following the war – France's turn towards its maritime and tropical interests, Britain's move from commercial and maritime regulation to the assertion of territorial control over its colonies – suggest that the two nations thought differently about empire. A close examination, however, of discussions in both over the fate of Canada prior to the Treaty of Paris indicates a common intellectual foundation to very different imperial policies. This foundation complicates the dichotomy of a modern, dynamic British empire and a narrowly mercantilist French one. Writers in both empires advanced arguments that, to various degrees, prioritized wealth and security. They reveal a common understanding of the necessary components to increase the power and prosperity of a state and an attempt to come to terms with the growing geopolitical importance of America to standing in Europe. Differences between the empires were, in many respects, ones of degree, not kind.
La poétique du roman chez Philippe Aubert de Gaspé, père
Authors: Beaudoin Réjean
Published: November 2010

RÉSUMÉ

Le projet de la littérature canadienne-française au XIXe siècle n'adhère pas à la pensée du roman, de sorte que la canadianité revendiquée par les romanciers québécois résume leur poétique dans le paradoxe suivant: repousser la fiction pour privilégier la « peinture vraie de la vie réelle » (selon l'expression de l'abbé Henri-Raymond Casgrain). Analyser ce lieu commun chez Aubert de Gaspé, père, l'auteur des Anciens Canadiens, constitue le sujet de cet article, mais le souci de vérité dans la représentation du milieu local est partagé par beaucoup de nos romanciers de cette époque. Dans la perspective qui est la leur, ces romanciers d'occasion (peu d'entre eux ont publié plus d'un roman) tendent moins à définir leur « conscience romancière » qu'à en rejeter la tentation, et c'est ainsi — nouveau paradoxe — qu'ils en viennent à s'approprier, en le tenant à distance, le genre romanesque qu'ils pratiquent pour le convertir et le naturaliser à la canadienne. À la différence toutefois de ceux-ci, Gaspé adopte une stratégie originale qui passe par la confession autobiographique et rappelle plutôt les codes romanesques du XVIIIe siècle. Malgré le laconisme du préambule des Anciens canadiens, il est possible d'y déceler certains éléments de la poétique mise en oeuvre dans ce roman. On y lit à la fois la modulation personnelle d'une thématique de la faute et de la réparation doublée d'une transgression des règles du genre dans l'intention de rencontrer le goût particulier des lecteurs canadiens.
Assessment of Gastrointestinal Motility Using Three Different Assays In Vitro
Authors: Pozzoli Cristina , Poli Enzo
Published: November 2010

The protocols detailed in this unit are designed to assess the motor activity of different gastric and intestinal muscle preparations in vitro and the effects of drugs that modulate gastrointestinal motility. The preparations described are characterized by different contractile behaviors, consisting of spontaneous (duodenum), neurogenic (ileum), and drug‐stimulated (fundus, ileum) motility; these reproduce motility patterns occurring in the gut wall in vivo. These protocols document the variety of factors that can influence the responses of isolated tissues and describe how such tissues can be used for testing substances that affect gut movements. These preparations allow evaluation of direct interactions with the processes that control contractile machinery, as well as indirect effects resulting from the modification of neurotransmitter release from myenteric neurons. These models can be exploited to assay novel compounds undergoing preclinical development or to evaluate the functional toxicity exerted by environmental or alimentary pollutants, like xenobiotics and naturally occurring toxins, as well as the mechanisms underlying these effects.Curr. Protoc. Toxicol. 46:21.8.1‐21.8.33. © 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genome‐wide association study of theta band event‐related oscillations identifies serotonin receptor geneHTR7influencing risk of alcohol dependence
Authors: Zlojutro Mark , Manz Niklas , Rangaswamy Madhavi , Xuei Xiaoling , Flury‐Wetherill Leah , Koller Daniel , Bierut Laura J. , Goate Alison , Hesselbrock Victor , Kuperman Samuel , Nurnberger John , Rice John P. , Schuckit Marc A. , Foroud Tatiana , Edenberg Howard J. , Porjesz Bernice , Almasy Laura
Published: November 2010

Event‐related brain oscillations (EROs) represent highly heritable neuroelectrical correlates of human perception and cognitive performance that exhibit marked deficits in patients with various psychiatric disorders. We report the results of the first genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of an ERO endophenotype—frontal theta ERO evoked by visual oddball targets during P300 response in 1,064 unrelated individuals drawn from a study of alcohol dependence. Forty‐two SNPs of the Illumina HumanHap 1 M microarray were selected from the theta ERO GWAS for replication in family‐based samples (N = 1,095), with four markers revealing nominally significant association. The most significant marker from the two‐stage study is rs4907240 located within ARID protein 5A gene (ARID5A) on chromosome 2q11 (unadjusted, Fisher's combinedP = 3.68 × 10−6). However, the most intriguing association to emerge is with rs7916403 in serotonin receptor geneHTR7on chromosome 10q23 (combinedP = 1.53 × 10−4), implicating the serotonergic system in the neurophysiological underpinnings of theta EROs. Moreover, promising SNPs were tested for association with diagnoses of alcohol dependence (DSM‐IV), revealing a significant relationship with theHTR7polymorphism among GWAS case–controls (P = 0.008). Significant recessive genetic effects were also detected for alcohol dependence in both case–control and family‐based samples (P = 0.031 and 0.042, respectively), with theHTR7risk allele corresponding to theta ERO reductions among homozygotes. These results suggest a role of the serotonergic system in the biological basis of alcohol dependence and underscore the utility of analyzing brain oscillations as a powerful approach to understanding complex genetic psychiatric disorders. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and major depressive disorder symptoms in nail‐patella syndrome: Potential association with LMX1B loss‐of‐function
Authors: López‐Arvizu Carmen , Sparrow Elizabeth P. , Strube Michael J , Slavin Chris , DeOleo Caroline , James Justin , Hoover‐Fong Julie , McIntosh Iain , Tierney Elaine
Published: November 2010

Nail‐Patella syndrome (NPS) is an autosomal dominant disorder that is the result of heterozygous loss‐of‐function mutations in LMX1B, coding for a LIM homeobox (LIM‐HD) transcription factor. Analyses of lmx1b mutant mice have revealed the role of Lmx1b in the development of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons and the serotonergic system; these areas have been linked with symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). Fifty adults (38 females, 12 males) with NPS completed the Conners' Adult ADHD Rating Scales—Self‐report: Long Version (CAARS) and Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II). The objective was to describe the neurobehavioral phenotype of these subjects and examine possible relationships between neurobehavioral symptoms and NPS. Elevated levels of DSM‐IV‐TR ADHD Inattentive symptoms were reported on the CAARS by 22% of the NPS sample. The BDI‐II Total score was elevated for 40% of the NPS sample. There was a significant increase in the odds of an elevated BDI‐II Total score when any of the three CAARS scales were elevated (odds ratios ranging from 11.455 to 15.615). The CAARS and BDI‐II did not significantly differ with gender, age, or education level. There was no significant association between genetic mutation‐predicted protein status and elevations on CAARS or BDI‐II. Individuals with NPS reported co‐occurring symptoms of ADHD and MDD, with higher levels of co‐occurrence than reported in the literature for the general population. The co‐occurrence of these symptoms may be related to mesencephalic dopaminergic neurologic pathway abnormalities that are a consequence of LMX1B loss of function. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.