bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology of Intracranial Aneurysms
Authors: Rodemerk Jan , Junker Andreas , Chen Bixia , Pierscianek Daniela , Dammann Philipp , Darkwah Oppong Marvin , Radbruch Alexander , Forsting Michael , Maderwald Stefan , Quick Harald H. , Zhu Yuan , Jabbarli Ramazan , Sure Ulrich , Wrede Karsten H.
Published: July 2020

Background and Purpose:

The pathophysiology of development, growth, and rupture of intracranial aneurysms (IAs) is only partly understood. Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) converts arachidonic acid to prostaglandin H
2
, which, in turn, is isomerized to prostaglandin E
2
. In the human body, COX-2 plays an essential role in inflammatory pathways. This explorative study aimed to investigate COX-2 expression in the wall of IAs and its correlation to image features in clinical (1.0T, 1.5T, and 3.0T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultra-high-field 7T MRI.

Methods:

The study group comprised 40 patients with partly thrombosed saccular IAs. The cohort included 17 ruptured- and 24 unruptured IAs, which had all been treated microsurgically. Formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were immunohistochemically stained with a monoclonal antibody against COX-2 (Dako, Santa Clara, CA; Clone: CX-294). We correlated Perls Prussian blue staining, MRI, and clinical data with immunohistochemistry, analyzed using the Trainable Weka Segmentation algorithm.

Results:

Aneurysm dome size ranged between 2 and 67 mm. The proportion of COX-2 positive cells ranged between 3.54% to 85.09%. An upregulated COX-2 expression correlated with increasing IA dome size (
P
=0.047). Furthermore, there was a tendency of higher COX-2 expression in most ruptured IAs (
P
=0.064). At all field strengths, MRI shows wall hypointensities due to iron deposition correlating with COX-2 expression (
P
=0.022).

Conclusions:

Iron deposition and COX-2 expression in IAs walls correlate with signal hypointensity in MRI, which might, therefore, serve as a biomarker for IA instability. Furthermore, as COX-2 was also expressed in small unruptured IAs, it could be a potential target for specific medical treatment.
Post-rescue Innocent Passage by Non-governmental Search and Rescue Vessels in the Mediterranean
Authors: Schatz Valentin J. , Fantinato Marco
Published: July 2020

This article analyses the conformity of Italian legislation adopted in 2019 – and its implementation – with the regime of innocent passage in the territorial sea under Part II of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea with respect to civil rescue vessels returning from rescue operations with rescued persons on board. It first gives a brief overview over the international legal regime applicable to search and rescue (SAR) operations. Next, the article introduces Italian legislation adopted in 2019, which establishes a legal basis for administrative orders prohibiting ships the entry into, transit through, and stopping in Italy’s territorial sea. In a third step, the article shows how the new Italian legislation has so far been implemented vis-à-vis SAR vessels of non-governmental organizations in post-rescue situations. This is followed by an analysis of the conformity of the Italian legislation and its implementation with the regime of innocent passage.
Four new species and new records of the Neotropical genus Alloraphes Franz (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Scydmaeninae)
Authors: JAŁOSZYŃSKI PAWEŁ
Published: July 2020

Four new species of Alloraphes Franz are described: A. opticus sp. n. (French Guiana), A. cayennensis sp. n. (French Guiana), A. iyonolanus sp. n. (Saint Lucia), and A. ecuadoranus sp. n. (Ecuador). They all represent the first records of Alloraphes in the listed countries. New records are given for A. jamaicae Franz, and A. yucatani Franz; the latter species, previously known to occur in Mexico (Campeche), is for the first time reported to occur also in Guatemala.
Sea Level Rise in the CESM Large Ensemble: The Role of Individual Climate Forcings and Consequences for the Coming Decades
Authors: Fasullo John T. , Gent Peter R. , Nerem R. Steven
Published: July 2020

The emergence of a spatial pattern in the externally forced response (FR) of dynamic sea level (DSL) during the altimeter era has recently been demonstrated using climate models but our understanding of its initial emergence, drivers, and implications for the future is poor. Here the anthropogenic forcings of the DSL pattern are explored using the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble (CESM-LE) and Single-Forcing Large Ensemble, a newly available set of simulations where values of individual forcing agents remain fixed at 1920 levels, allowing for an estimation of their effects. Statistically significant contributions to the DSL FR are identified for greenhouse gases (GHGs) and industrial aerosols (AERs), with particularly strong contributions resulting from AERs in the mid-twentieth century and GHGs in the late twentieth and twenty-first century. Secondary, but important, contributions are identified for biomass burning aerosols in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean in the mid-twentieth century, and for stratospheric ozone in the Southern Ocean during the late twentieth century. Key to understanding regional DSL patterns are ocean heat content and salinity anomalies, which are driven by surface heat and freshwater fluxes, ocean dynamics, and the spatial structure of seawater thermal expansivity. Potential implications for the interpretation of DSL during the satellite era and the longer records from tide gauges are suggested as a topic for future research.
Effect of type of organic modifier on the clay layered-based nanocomposites flammability and toxic gases emission
Authors: Attia Nour Fathi , Nour M , Hassan M , Mohamed G , Oh H , Mahmoud Manar
Published: July 2020

Well dispersed polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites were developed. Montmorillonite (MMT) as aluminosilicate clay layers was modified using organic silanes of different side chains. The MMT was grafted using 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propylamine, N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine, and trimethoxyvinylsilane. The modification process of MMT using organic different silanes was elucidated using microscopic, thermogravimetric, spectroscopic, and X-ray diffraction tools. Then, the developed organoclays were dispersed uniformly in PE matrix producing well exfoliated and dispersed polymer nanocomposites. The mass loadings of dispersed organoclay were varied and the impact of organic silane structure was studied. Thermal stability and flammability properties of the developed polymer nanocomposites were evaluated. The peak heat release rate and average heat release rate were reduced by 48% and 61%, respectively compared to virgin polymer. Also, the average mass loss rate was significantly reduced by 50%. This is in addition to reduction in emission of carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) by 45% and 56%, respectively. The effect of side chain of organosilane on the performance of modified clay layers was studied. The toxicity of gases evolved during combustion process of PE and their polymer nanocomposites were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared connected to cone calorimeter. Additionally, the influence of organic silane on the pyrolysis and toxic gases emission was further studied.
Life Cycle Assessment of Upgrading Primary Wastewater Treatment Plants to Secondary Treatment Including a Circular Economy Approach
Authors: Morsy Karim M , Mostafa Mohamed K , Abdalla Khaled Z , Galal Mona M
Published: July 2020

Although significant progress has been achieved in the field of environmental impact assessment in many engineering disciplines, the impact of wastewater treatment plants has not yet been well integrated. In light of this remarkable scientific progress, the outputs of the plants as treated water and clean sludge have become potential sources of irrigation and energy, not a waste. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of upgrading the wastewater treatment plants from primary to secondary treatment. The Lifecycle Assessment Framework (ISO 14040 and 14044) was applied using GaBi Software. Abu Rawash wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) has been taken as a case study. Two scenarios were studied, Scenario 1 is the current situation of the WWTP using the primary treatment units and Scenario 2 is upgrading the WWTP by adding secondary treatment units. The study highlighted the influence and cumulative impact of upgrading all the primary WWTPs in Egypt to secondary treatment. With the high amount of energy consumed in the aeration process, energy recovery methods were proposed to boost the circular economy concept in Abu Rawash WWTP in order to achieve optimal results from environmental and economic perspectives.
Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery System: A Patient-Friendly Chemotherapy for Oncology
Authors: Yan Lina , Shen Jingjing , Wang Jinqiao , Yang Xiaoyan , Dong Shiyan , Lu Saijun
Published: July 2020

Chemotherapy is widely used to treat cancer. The toxic effect of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs on healthy cells leads to serious toxic and side effects of conventional chemotherapy. The application of nanotechnology in tumor chemotherapy can increase the specificity of anticancer agents, increase the killing effect of tumors, and reduce toxic and side effects. Currently, a variety of formulations based on nanoparticles (NPs) for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs have been put into clinical use, and several others are in the stage of development or clinical trials. In this review, after briefly introducing current cancer chemotherapeutic methods and their limitations, we describe the clinical applications and advantages and disadvantages of several different types of NPs-based chemotherapeutic agents. We have summarized a lot of information in tables and figures related to the delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs based on NPs and the design of NPs with active targeting capabilities.
Effect of Osteosarcopenia on Postoperative Functional Outcomes and Subsequent Fracture in Elderly Hip Fracture Patients
Authors: Bae Gi Cheol , Moon Kyoung Ho
Published: July 2020

Introduction:

In this study, we evaluated how muscle mass and bone density affect postoperative functional scores and subsequent fracture rates and investigated the correlation between sarcopenia and osteoporosis by measuring preoperative psoas muscle indices (PMIs) and bone mineral densities (BMDs) in elderly patients followed for more 1 year after surgical treatment for hip fracture.

Methods:

Among patients older than 65 years who underwent surgery for hip fracture from January 2009 to November 2018, 154 patients with preoperative 3D pelvic bone computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry BMD data and followed postoperatively for at least 1 year were considered for the present study. One hundred twenty-six patients were finally included. These patients were divided into 4 groups based on PMIs and T-score, that is, to osteoporosis, sarcopenia, osteosarcopenia, or normal groups. To analyze outcomes after surgery, we measured functional activity levels using the Barthel index and Harris hip score (HHS) systems. In addition, we compared the rates of subsequent hip fracture ratio with patient’s characteristics, and analyzed the correlation between PMIs and BMDs using Pearson correlations analysis.

Results:

Barthel index and HHS score showed significant differences between the normal and osteosarcopenia group at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 1 year after surgery ( P < .001). Subsequent fracture incidences were significantly higher in the osteosarcopenia group than in the normal group ( P = .046), and T-score and PMI were found to be strongly correlated (a < 0.01; R = 0.763).

Conclusion:

Postoperative functional outcomes were significantly poorer and the subsequent fracture rate was significantly higher in the osteosarcopenia group than in the normal group. In addition, sarcopenia and osteoporosis were found to be highly correlated.
Structure basis of the FERM domain of kindlin-3 in supporting integrin αIIbβ3 activation in platelets
Authors: Sun Jiaojiao , Xiao Desheng , Ni Yuan , Zhang Tianlong , Cao Zhongyuan , Xu Zhou , Nguyen Huong , Zhang Jun , White Gilbert C. , Ding Jianping , Ma Yan-Qing , Xu Zhen
Published: July 2020

Kindlin-3, a protein 4.1, ezrin, radixin, and moesin (FERM) domain–containing adaptor in hematopoietic cells, is essentially required for supporting the bidirectional integrin αIIbβ3 signaling in platelets by binding to the integrin β3 cytoplasmic tail. However, the structural details of kindlin-3’s FERM domain remain unknown. In this study, we crystalized the kindlin-3’s FERM domain protein and successfully solved its 3-dimensional structure. The structure shows that the 3 kindlin-3’s FERM subdomains (F1, F2, and F3) compact together and form a cloverleaf-shaped conformation, which is stabilized by the binding interface between the F1 and F3 subdomains. Interestingly, the FERM domain of kindlin-3 exists as a monomer in both crystal and solution, which is different from its counterpart in kindlin-2 that is able to form a F2 subdomain-swapped dimer; nonetheless, dimerization is required for kindlin-3 to support integrin αIIbβ3 activation, indicating that kindlin-3 may use alternative mechanisms for formation of a functional dimer in cells. To evaluate the functional importance of the cloverleaf-like FERM structure in kindlin-3, structure-based mutations were introduced into kindlin-3 to disrupt the F1/F3 interface. The results show that integrin αIIbβ3 activation is significantly suppressed in platelets expressing the kindlin-3 mutant compared with those expressing wild-type kindlin-3. In addition, introduction of equivalent mutations into kindlin-1 and kindlin-2 also significantly compromises their ability to support integrin αIIbβ3 activation in CHO cells. Together, our findings suggest that the cloverleaf-like FERM domain in kindlins is structurally important for supporting integrin αIIbβ3 activation.
Phylogenetic and spatial distribution of evolutionary diversification, isolation, and threat in turtles and crocodilians (non-avian archosauromorphs)
Authors: Colston Timothy J. , Kulkarni Pallavi , Jetz Walter , Pyron R. Alexander
Published: July 2020

Background

The origin of turtles and crocodiles and their easily recognized body forms dates to the Triassic and Jurassic. Despite their long-term success, extant species diversity is low, and endangerment is extremely high compared to other terrestrial vertebrate groups, with ~ 65% of ~ 25 crocodilian and ~ 360 turtle species now threatened by exploitation and habitat loss. Here, we combine available molecular and morphological evidence with statistical and machine learning algorithms to present a phylogenetically informed, comprehensive assessment of diversification, threat status, and evolutionary distinctiveness of all extant species.

Results

In contrast to other terrestrial vertebrates and their own diversity in the fossil record, the recent extant lineages of turtles and crocodilians have not experienced any global mass extinctions or lineage-wide shifts in diversification rate or body-size evolution over time. We predict threat statuses for 114 as-yet unassessed or data-deficient species and identify a concentration of threatened turtles and crocodilians in South and Southeast Asia, western Africa, and the eastern Amazon. We find that unlike other terrestrial vertebrate groups, extinction risk increases with evolutionary distinctiveness: a disproportionate amount of phylogenetic diversity is concentrated in evolutionarily isolated, at-risk taxa, particularly those with small geographic ranges. Our findings highlight the important role of geographic determinants of extinction risk, particularly those resulting from anthropogenic habitat-disturbance, which affect species across body sizes and ecologies.

Conclusions

Extant turtles and crocodilians maintain unique, conserved morphologies which make them globally recognizable. Many species are threatened due to exploitation and global change. We use taxonomically complete, dated molecular phylogenies and various approaches to produce a comprehensive assessment of threat status and evolutionary distinctiveness of both groups. Neither group exhibits significant overall shifts in diversification rate or body-size evolution, or any signature of global mass extinctions in recent, extant lineages. However, the most evolutionarily distinct species tend to be the most threatened, and species richness and extinction risk are centered in areas of high anthropogenic disturbance, particularly South and Southeast Asia. Range size is the strongest predictor of threat, and a disproportionate amount of evolutionary diversity is at risk of imminent extinction.
Radiographic features in investigated for Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia: a nested case-control study
Authors: Hsu Jimmy M. , Hass Aaron , Gingras Marc-Alexandre , Chong Jaron , Costiniuk Cecilia , Ezer Nicole , Fraser Richard S. , McDonald Emily G. , Lee Todd C.
Published: July 2020

Background

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) can be challenging to diagnose, often requiring bronchoscopy. Since most patients suspected of PJP undergo imaging, we hypothesized that the findings of these studies could help estimate the probability of disease prior to invasive testing.

Methods

We created a cohort of patients who underwent bronchoscopy specifically to diagnose PJP and conducted a nested case-control study to compare the radiographic features between patients with (n = 72) and without (n = 288) pathologically proven PJP. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify radiographic features independently associated with PJP.

Results

Chest x-ray findings poorly predicted the diagnosis of PJP. However, multivariable analysis of CT scan findings found that “increased interstitial markings” (OR 4.3; 95%CI 2.2–8.2), “ground glass opacities” (OR 3.3; 95%CI 1.2–9.1) and the radiologist’s impression of PJP being “possible” (OR 2.0; 95%CI 1.0–4.1) or “likely” (OR 9.3; 95%CI 3.4–25.3) were independently associated with the final diagnosis (c-statistic 0.75).

Conclusions

Where there is clinical suspicion of PJP, the use of CT scan can help determine the probability of PJP. Identifying patients at low risk of PJP may enable better use of non-invasive testing to avoid bronchoscopy while higher probability patients could be prioritized.
Copy number variation of IL17RA gene and its association with the ankylosing spondylitis risk in Iranian patients: a case-control study
Authors: Aghaei Hamideh , Farhadi Elham , Akhtari Maryam , Shahba Sara , Mostafaei Shayan , Jamshidi Ahmadreza , Poursani Shiva , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Nicknam Mohammad Hossein
Published: July 2020

Background

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is considered as a subtype of spondyloarthritis (SpA) that mainly leads to fatigue, stiffness, spinal ankylosis, and impaired physical functions with reduced quality of life. Interleukin (IL)-17A provokes additional inflammatory mediators and recruits immune cells to the inflamed site. IL17 expression increased in various inflammatory disorders including psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, crohn’s disease, and ankylosing spondylitis. The current study aimed to evaluate the association of IL17RA copy number changes with the susceptibility to AS and their correlation to IL17RA expression in Iranian population.

Methods

IL17RA copy number genotyping assessments were carried out in 455 AS patients and 450 healthy controls, using custom TaqMan CNV assays. TaqMan primers and probe were located in Chr.22:17109553 based on pre-designed IL17RA Copy Number Assay ID, Hs02339506_cn. mRNA expression of IL17RA was also measured by SYBR Green real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results

A IL17RA copy number loss (< 2) was associated with AS compared to 2 copies as reference (OR:2.18, 95% CI: (1.38–3.44), P-value < 0.001) and increased the risk of AS. IL17RA mRNA expression showed a significant increase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of all AS individuals than controls. The mRNA expression level of 2 copies was significantly higher in AS patients.

Conclusions

Our findings revealed that a low copy number of IL17RA might confer a susceptibility risk to AS. However, it is probably not directly involved in the regulation of IL17RA mRNA expression. Epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation, post-transcriptional, and -translational modifications that regulate the expression of the genes may contribute in upregulation of IL17RA mRNA expression in the loss of gene copy number condition.
Challenges for cancer patients returning home during SARS-COV-19 pandemic after medical tourism - a consensus report by the emirates oncology task force
Authors: Al-Shamsi Humaid O. , Abu-Gheida Ibrahim , Rana Shabeeha K. , Nijhawan Neil , Abdulsamad Ahmed S. , Alrawi Sadir , Abuhaleeqa Mohamed , Almansoori Taleb M. , Alkasab Thamir , Aleassa Essa M. , McManus Martine C.
Published: July 2020

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global health crisis. Numerous cancer patients from non-Western countries, including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), seek cancer care outside their home countries and many are sponsored by their governments for treatment. Many patients interrupted their cancer treatment abruptly and so returned to their home countries with unique challenges. In this review we will discuss practical challenges and recommendations for all cancer patients returning to their home countries from treatment abroad.

Method

Experts from medical, surgical and other cancer subspecialties in the UAE were invited to form a taskforce to address challenges and propose recommendations for patients returning home from abroad after medical tourism during the SARS-COV-19 Pandemic.

Results

The taskforce which consisted of experts from medical oncology, hematology, surgical oncology, radiation oncology, pathology, radiology and palliative care summarized the current challenges and suggested a practical approaches to address these specific challenges to improve the returning cancer patients care.

Lack of medical documentation, pathology specimens and radiology images are one of the major limitations on the continuation of the cancer care for returning patients. Difference in approaches and treatment recommendations between the existing treating oncologists abroad and receiving oncologists in the UAE regarding the optimal management which can be addressed by early and empathic communications with patients and by engaging the previous treating oncologists in treatment planning based on the available resources and expertise in the UAE. Interruption of curative radiotherapy (RT) schedules which can potentially increase risk of treatment failure has been a major challenge, RT dose-compensation calculation should be considered in these circumstances.

Conclusion

The importance of a thorough clinical handover cannot be overstated and regulatory bodies are needed to prevent what can be considered unethical procedure towards returning cancer patients with lack of an effective handover. Clear communication is paramount to gain the trust of returning patients and their families. This pandemic may also serve as an opportunity to encourage patients to receive treatment locally in their home country. Future studies will be needed to address the steps to retain cancer patients in the UAE rather than seeking cancer treatment abroad.
Gynaecological cancer in Caribbean women: data from the French population-based cancer registries of Martinique, Guadeloupe and French Guiana (2007–2014)
Authors: Joachim Clarisse , Véronique-Baudin Jacqueline , Desroziers Laure , Chatignoux Édouard , Belliardo Sophie , Plenet Juliette , Macni Jonathan , Ulric-Gervaise Stephen , Peruvien Jessica , Bhakkan-Mambir Bernard , Deloumeaux Jacqueline
Published: July 2020

Background

For the first time, we present regional-level cancer incidence and world-standardized mortality rates for cancers for Martinique, Guadeloupe and French Guiana.

Methods

For Martinique, Guadeloupe and French Guiana, incidence data come from population-based cancer registries, and cover the periods 2007–2014, 2008–2014 and 2010–2014 respectively. Standardized incidence and mortality rates were calculated using the world population.

Results

In the 3 regions, all cancers combined represent 3567 new cases per year, of which 39.8% occur in women, and 1517 deaths per year (43.4% in women). Guadeloupe and Martinique present similar world-standardized incidence rates. Among gynaecological cancers, breast cancer, the second most common cancer type in the 3 regions, has an incidence rate 35 to 46% lower than in mainland France. On the other hand, cervical cancer has a higher incidence rate, particularly in French Guiana. For both endometrial cancer and ovarian cancer, no significant differences in incidence rates are found compared to mainland France.

Regarding mortality, world-standardized mortality rates are similar between Guadeloupe and Martinique, and higher than in French Guiana. This situation compares favourably with mainland France (all cancers). Among gynaecological cancers, the mortality rate is lower for breast cancer in all regions compared to mainland France, and also lower for ovarian cancer in Martinique and Guadeloupe, but higher (albeit non-significantly) in French Guiana.

Conclusion

The ethno-geographic and socio-demographic characteristics in this population of mainly Afro-Caribbean origin could partially explain these disparities. Major disparities exist for certain cancer sites: excess incidence and excess mortality for cervical cancer; lower, but increasing incidence of breast cancer.
One-step heating strategy for efficient solubilization of recombinant spider silk protein from inclusion bodies
Authors: Cai Hui , Chen Gefei , Yu Hairui , Tang Ying , Xiong Sidong , Qi Xingmei
Published: July 2020

Background

Spider silk is a proteinaceous fiber with remarkable mechanical properties spun from spider silk proteins (spidroins). Engineering spidroins have been successfully produced in a variety of heterologous hosts and the most widely used expression system is Escherichia coli (E. coli). So far, recombinantly expressed spidroins often form insoluble inclusion bodies (IBs), which will often be dissolved under extremely harsh conditions in a traditional manner, e.g. either 8 mol/L urea or 6 mol/L guanidine hydrochloride, highly risking to poor recovery of bioactive proteins as well as unexpected precipitations during dialysis process.

Results

Here, we present a mild solubilization strategy—one-step heating method to solubilize spidroins from IBs, with combining spidroins’ high thermal stability with low concentration of urea. A 430-aa recombinant protein (designated as NM) derived from the minor ampullate spidroin of Araneus ventricosus was expressed in E. coli, and the recombinant proteins were mainly present in insoluble fraction as IBs. The isolated IBs were solubilized parallelly by both traditional urea-denatured method and one-step heating method, respectively. The solubilization efficiency of NM IBs in Tris-HCl pH 8.0 containing 4 mol/L urea by one-step heating method was already comparable to that of 7 mol/L urea with using traditional urea-denatured method. The effects of buffer, pH and temperature conditions on NM IBs solubilization of one-step heating method were evaluated, respectively, based on which the recommended conditions are: heating temperature 70–90 °C for 20 min, pH 7.0–10, urea concentration 2–4 mol/L in normal biological buffers. The recombinant NM generated via the one-step heating method held the potential functions with self-assembling into sphere nanoparticles with smooth morphology.

Conclusions

The one-step heating method introduced here efficiently solubilizes IBs under relatively mild conditions compared to the traditional ones, which might be important for the downstream applications; however, this protocol should be pursued carefully in terms of urea-induced modification sensitive applications. Further, this method can be applied under broad buffer, pH and temperature conditions, conferring the potential to apply to other thermal stable proteins.
Perceived xerostomia, stress and periodontal status impact on elderly oral health-related quality of life: findings from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Botelho João , Machado Vanessa , Proença Luís , Oliveira Maria João , Cavacas Maria Alzira , Amaro Luís , Águas Artur , Mendes José João
Published: July 2020

Background

To investigate if self-perceived xerostomia and stress are significant variables on the Oral-Health Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) of elderly patients, considering the periodontal status, oral hygiene habits and sociodemographic characteristics simultaneously.

Methods

The study cohort included 592 participants (320 females/272 Males), aged 65 years or older, representing the elder inhabitants of the Study of Periodontal Health in Almada-Seixal (SoPHiAS). Patients answered a socio-demographic and oral hygiene habits questionnaire. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), Summated Xerostomia Inventory-5 (SXI-5) and Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) were used. Full-mouth circumferential periodontal inspection was carried out. Multivariable regression analyses were used considering the level of periodontitis, clinical characteristics, the number of teeth, SXI, PSS-10, age, gender and oral hygiene habits.

Results

Self-perceived xerostomia and stress showed a positive significant correlation with OHRQoL and each of its domains. Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated the significant impact of SXI-5 (B = 1.20, p <  0.001) and PSS-10 (B = 0.35, p <  0.001) on the OHRQoL. SXI-5 (Odds Ratio (OR) = 1.28, p <  0.001) and PSS-10 (OR = 1.03, p = 0.022) were associated with a more frequently affected OHRQoL. The number of missing teeth, being male, mean probing depth and mean clinical attachment loss were also significant towards a frequently affected OHRQoL. Conversely, age was negatively associated with a lower OHRQoL.

Conclusion

Self-perceived xerostomia and stress are significant variables towards OHRQoL in elderly patients. Future studies should consider these self-perceived xerostomia and stress when investigating the impact of periodontitis and missing teeth on quality of life of older adults.
Small nucleolar RNAs signature (SNORS) identified clinical outcome and prognosis of bladder cancer (BLCA)
Authors: Cao Rui , Ma Bo , Yuan Lushun , Wang Gang , Tian Ye
Published: July 2020

Background

Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are a new non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), which have not been widely investigated and are identified to be involved in tumorigenesis. But the function of snoRNAs in BLCA has not been reported yet.

Methods

SnoRNAs signature (SNORS) was constructed through LASSO cox regression analysis. Integrated analysis of candidate snoRNAs was performed to detect the correlation between copy number variation (CNV)/DNA methylation/protein/mRNA/alternative splicing (AS). Then we built a nomogram integrating independent prognostic factors to assist the clinical utility.

Results

We have screened out 15 prognostic differentially expressed snoRNAs (DESs) and constructed SNORS consisting of 5 candidate snoRNAs which could appropriately stratify patients into low or high SNORS groups with distinct prognosis. Then we found 5 candidate snoRNAs might be regulated by their own CNV and DNA methylation. Moreover, 5 candidate snoRNAs were significantly correlated mRNA and alternative splicing (AS), which might regulate diverse biological process in tumorigenesis, such as “extracellular matrix”, “epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)”, etc. signaling pathways. Furthermore, SNORS was an independent prognostic factor, which was strikingly correlated with clinical outcome. Through inporating with other variables, we have established a predictive nomogram, which was more effectively to predict prognosis than any other variables alone.

Conclusion

Our findings first highlighted an important role of snoRNAs in BLCA and established a potential prognostic model which could serve as a biomarker for BLCA.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Quality of life in endometrial cancer survivors: single institution experience in Slovakia
Authors: Lajtman Erik
Published: July 2020

Background

To evaluate the association between body mass index (BMI) and quality of life among endometrial cancer survivors.

Methods

Women diagnosed with endometrioid endometrial cancer at the Slovakian university hospital between January 2010 and December 2018 were identified. Three hundred ninety women diagnosed with endometrial cancer were invited to participate. Quality of life was measured using the EORTC (European Organisation for Reseach and Treatment of Cancer) quality of life questionnaires (QLQ-C30 and QLQ-EN24). Univariate and multiple regression analyses were used to determine associations between BMI and quality-of-life outcome variables.

T-test was used to determine differences between groups.

Results

337 (95.2%) women completed the questionnaire. 131 (38.8%) were pre-obese, 111 (32.9%) were class I and II obese and 29 (8.6%) were class III obese. Women with highher BMI experienced poorer physical, emotional and social functioning compared to normal weignt and pre-obese pacients (p <  0.05). Class I-III obese women had significantly more lymphoedema (59% v. 41%, p = 0.048) and dyspnea (73% v. 27%, p = 0.029), and experienced more fatigue (68% v, 32%, p = 0.036) and pain (65% v. 35%, p = 0.041).

Conclusions

Class I-III obesity was associated with poorer quality of life in endometrial cancer survivors. Increasing BMI was inversely associated with QoL. Pre-obese and obese patients should be informed about greater incidence of pain, fatigue and dyspnea. Lifestyle changes (e.g., dietary interventions, physical activity) might reduce obesity and improve quality of life among endometrial cancer survivors.
Mechanism of cadmium immobilization in phosphate-amended arable soils
Authors: Ruangcharus Chuanpit , Kim Sung Un , Hong Chang Oh
Published: July 2020

Little is known about the exact mechanism of cadmium (Cd) immobilization by phosphate (P) in arable soil containing low Cd concentration. This study was designed to describe this mechanism in detail. We determined the phosphorus (P) addition rate allowing Cd to precipitate as Cd minerals in Cd-contaminated arable soils and identified the main species of Cd minerals formed by the reaction of Cd and P, using the chemical equilibrium model MINTEQ. To determine the amount of Cd adsorption to soil adsorbed P, 0 –10,000 mgPL−1 of K2HPO4 solution was reacted with soil, then the P adsorbed soil was reacted with a CdCl2 solution (500 mg Cd L−1). Cadmium might not precipitate as Cd minerals such as Cd3(PO4)2 and CdCO3 with a recommended application rate of P fertilizer in field scale. Cadmium might be immobilized by Cd2+ adsorption instead of precipitation under a low P application system. Phosphate adsorption increased the negative charge of soil and Cd adsorption. The contributions of the increase in pH- and P-induced negative charges to the total increase in the soil negative charge were 93.2 and 6.8%, respectively. The increase in Cd adsorption caused by P adsorption was mainly attributed to the increase in pH-induced negative charge.
Hybrid gradient descent spider monkey optimization (HGDSMO) algorithm for efficient resource scheduling for big data processing in heterogenous environment
Authors: Seethalakshmi V. , Govindasamy V. , Akila V.
Published: July 2020

Big Data constructed based on the advancement of distributed computing and virtualization is considered as the current emerging trends in Data Analytics. It is used for supporting potential utilization of computing resources focusing on, on-demand services and resource scalability. In particular, resource scheduling is considered as the process of resource distribution through an effective decision making process with the objective of facilitating required tasks over time. The incorporation of heterogeneous computing resources by the Big Data consumers also permits the option of reducing energy usage and enhanced resource efficiency. Further, optimal scheduling of resources is considered as an NP hard problem due to the dynamic characteristics of the resources and fluctuating users’ demand. In this paper, a Hybrid Gradient Descent Spider Monkey Optimization (HGDSMO) algorithm is proposed to efficient resource scheduling by handling the issues and challenges in the Hadoop heterogenous environment. The proposed HGDSMO algorithm uses the Gradient Descentand foraging and social behavior of the spider monkey optimization algorithm involved in the objective of effective resource allocation. It is designed as the efficient task scheduling approach that balances the load of the cloud by allocating them to appropriate VMs depending on their requirements. It is also proposed as a dynamic resource management scheme for efficiently allocating the cloud resources for effective execution of clients’ tasks. The simulation results of the proposed HGDSMO algorithm confirmed to be potent in throughput, load balancing and makespan compared to the baseline hybrid meta-heuristic resource allocation algorithms used for investigation.
Unambiguous identification of fungi: where do we stand and how accurate and precise is fungal DNA barcoding?
Authors: Lücking Robert , Aime M. Catherine , Robbertse Barbara , Miller Andrew N. , Ariyawansa Hiran A. , Aoki Takayuki , Cardinali Gianluigi , Crous Pedro W. , Druzhinina Irina S. , Geiser David M. , Hawksworth David L. , Hyde Kevin D. , Irinyi Laszlo , Jeewon Rajesh , Johnston Peter R. , Kirk Paul M. , Malosso Elaine , May Tom W. , Meyer Wieland , Öpik Maarja , Robert Vincent , Stadler Marc , Thines Marco , Vu Duong , Yurkov Andrey M. , Zhang Ning , Schoch Conrad L.
Published: July 2020

True fungi (Fungi) and fungus-like organisms (e.g.Mycetozoa,Oomycota) constitute the second largest group of organisms based on global richness estimates, with around 3 million predicted species. Compared to plants and animals, fungi have simple body plans with often morphologically and ecologically obscure structures. This poses challenges for accurate and precise identifications. Here we provide a conceptual framework for the identification of fungi, encouraging the approach of integrative (polyphasic) taxonomy for species delimitation, i.e. the combination of genealogy (phylogeny), phenotype (including autecology), and reproductive biology (when feasible). This allows objective evaluation of diagnostic characters, either phenotypic or molecular or both. Verification of identifications is crucial but often neglected. Because of clade-specific evolutionary histories, there is currently no single tool for the identification of fungi, although DNA barcoding using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) remains a first diagnosis, particularly in metabarcoding studies. Secondary DNA barcodes are increasingly implemented for groups where ITS does not provide sufficient precision. Issues of pairwise sequence similarity-based identifications and OTU clustering are discussed, and multiple sequence alignment-based phylogenetic approaches with subsequent verification are recommended as more accurate alternatives. In metabarcoding approaches, the trade-off between speed and accuracy and precision of molecular identifications must be carefully considered. Intragenomic variation of the ITS and other barcoding markers should be properly documented, as phylotype diversity is not necessarily a proxy of species richness. Important strategies to improve molecular identification of fungi are: (1) broadly document intraspecific and intragenomic variation of barcoding markers; (2) substantially expand sequence repositories, focusing on undersampled clades and missing taxa; (3) improve curation of sequence labels in primary repositories and substantially increase the number of sequences based on verified material; (4) link sequence data to digital information of voucher specimens including imagery. In parallel, technological improvements to genome sequencing offer promising alternatives to DNA barcoding in the future. Despite the prevalence of DNA-based fungal taxonomy, phenotype-based approaches remain an important strategy to catalog the global diversity of fungi and establish initial species hypotheses.
The myofibroblast at a glance
Authors: Pakshir Pardis , Noskovicova Nina , Lodyga Monika , Son Dong Ok , Schuster Ronen , Goodwin Amanda , Karvonen Henna , Hinz Boris
Published: July 2020

In 1971, Gabbiani and co-workers discovered and characterized the “modification of fibroblasts into cells which are capable of an active spasm” (contraction) in rat wound granulation tissue and, accordingly, named these cells ‘myofibroblasts’. Now, myofibroblasts are not only recognized for their physiological role in tissue repair but also as cells that are key in promoting the development of fibrosis in all organs. In this Cell Science at a Glance and the accompanying poster, we provide an overview of the current understanding of central aspects of myofibroblast biology, such as their definition, activation from different precursors, the involved signaling pathways and most widely used models to study their function. Myofibroblasts will be placed into context with their extracellular matrix and with other cell types communicating in the fibrotic environment. Furthermore, the challenges and strategies to target myofibroblasts in anti-fibrotic therapies are summarized to emphasize their crucial role in disease progression.
Racial and Gender Differences in Extramarital Sex in the United States in the Last Three Decades
Authors: Djamba Yanyi K. , Kimuna Sitawa R.
Published: July 2020

Marital infidelity is a serious problem because it can lead to separation and even divorce. Yet, little is known about racial and gender differences in levels of extramarital sex in the United States in the last three decades (1991 to 2018). This study represents the first analysis of the racial and gender differences in levels and determinants of extramarital sex in the United States. We use data from all the 15 waves of the General Social Survey in which respondents were asked if they have ever had sex with someone other than their husband or wife when they were married. Descriptive and multivariate (logistic regression) analyses were conducted to determine the levels and determinants of racial and gender differences in extramarital sex in the last three decades. There are small changes in percent of extramarital sex between 1991 (14.63 percent) and 2018 (16.48 percent). However, despite some fluctuations observed across the 15 General Social Survey waves, the prevalence of extramarital sex has remained significantly higher for blacks compared to whites, and higher also for men than women. The results show the importance of race and gender in explaining extramarital sexual behavior in the United States. We discuss these findings in relation to previous studies and suggest directions for future research.
Uso do Atlas Esgotos: Despoluição de Bacias Hidrográficas no desenvolvimento de trabalhos científicos
Authors: Lima Maíra Araújo de Mendonça , Araujo Bruna Magalhães de , Soares Sérgio Rodrigues Ayrimoraes , Santos Ana Silvia Pereira
Published: July 2020

O documento “Atlas Esgotos: Despoluição de Bacias Hidrográficas” foi publicado pela Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), no ano de 2017 e apresenta um caráter de grande relevância para o desenvolvimento da gestão de recursos hídricos e saneamento ambiental no Brasil. Sua abordagem é abrangente e apresenta dados sanitários de todos as 5.570 sedes urbanas brasileiras. Dessa forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo, avaliar a inserção dos dados apresentados por este documento, no desenvolvimento de trabalhos científicos. Para tanto foi utilizada como metodologia a Revisão Sistemática da Literatura, por meio de buscas realizadas através da palavra chave “Atlas Esgotos” e suas variações. Deste modo, para realização da pesquisa, foram analisadas publicações efetuadas no período entre 2017 e 2019, utilizando o Google Scholar como principal mecanismo de busca. De acordo com o estudo realizado, foram encontradas e selecionadas 129 publicações, onde 12% são provenientes de periódicos, 5% de livros, 33% de anais de congressos, e 50% de trabalhos de conclusão de curso. No que diz respeito à forma como o Atlas Esgotos tem sido utilizado nas pesquisas científicas, concluiu-se que 71% das publicações realizam apenas citação dos seus dados, 25% utilizam os dados a título de comparação com outras fontes ou demais cenários, e 4% aplicam, de fato, os dados do Atlas Esgotos para desenvolvimento de suas respectivas pesquisas.
Analysis of factors affecting delay accuracy of subfemtosecond liquid crystal variable retarders
Authors: Qi Xuhao , Fan Wei , Huang Dajie , Xia Gang , Cheng He , Shi Zhidong
Published: July 2020

To obtain a wide range of high-precision time-delay controllable devices, a 100-µm-thick nematic liquid crystal (LC) cell was fabricated using the LC HTD028200-200. Factors influencing the delay calibration accuracy of LC variable retarders (LCVRs) were analyzed theoretically and experimentally. Subsequently, within the total voltage tuning range of 0–5 V, the LCVR had a delay of 4.977–97.404 fs, total delay range of 90 fs, tuning accuracy of

±
0.216

f
s

, and tuning resolution of 0.128 fs. This device will play an important role in spectral imaging.
Transverse mode instability in a passive fiber induced by stimulated Raman scattering
Authors: Distler Victor , Möller Friedrich , Strecker Maximilian , Palma-Vega Gonzalo , Walbaum Till , Schreiber Thomas
Published: July 2020

Transverse mode instabilities are a major limitation for power scaling of fiber lasers but have so far only been observed in laser-active fibers. In this contribution we present experimental observations of transverse mode instabilities in a passive fiber. In this fiber, stimulated Raman scattering acted as heat source. To demonstrate the effect, a kW-level ytterbium-doped fiber laser was used as pump for a Raman amplifier. Transverse mode instabilities were only observed in the case with high Raman amplification. Frequency resolved stability measurements at various fiber positions as well as spectral and mode resolved measurements pin their origin to the passive fiber. This observation might help to gain further understanding of transverse mode instabilities and shows limitations of high-power Raman amplifiers.
O Antropoceno como Regime de Historicidade
Authors: Lopes Alfredo Ricardo Silva , Viana Junior Mário Martins
Published: July 2020

A velocidade e a intensidade com que os seres humanos vêm se apropriando dos recursos naturais modificaram as dinâmicas ambientais em todo planeta. O Antropoceno se baseia no pressuposto de que a humanidade recentemente se tornou um condicionante para transformações globais na circulação de água, no clima, na produtividade biológica, na biodiversidade, nos ciclos biogeoquímicos, nos padrões de sedimentação e na utilização global de terras e mares. Compreender o Antropoceno como regime de historicidade significa perceber que a aceleração no ritmo de apropriação dos recursos atinge a vida de todos e tem como resultado uma nova forma de conceber o tempo. Diferente da ideia progressiva e crescente estabelecida com a Revolução Industrial e Revolução Francesa, o tempo é agora materializado pelos limitados recursos naturais limitados do planeta Terra.
The Optimal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) Schedule: A Trapezoid or a Triangle?
Authors: Regev Eitan , Strawczynski Michel
Published: July 2020

In this paper we ask the following question: Is the optimal Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) schedule a trapezoid, as widely used by policy-makers, or is it a triangle? We show that a trapezoid is optimal only when the wage distribution among the working poor is even with a discrete jump for higher wage groups. Since this pattern is not in line with the observed wage distributions of countries, we conclude that the optimal schedule is a triangle. Our simulations show that the use of a trapezoid implies a substantial loss in terms of Social Welfare.