bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Instalasi Listrik Penerangan di Lingkungan RT 01 RW 06 Dusun Ndoro Desa Karangwidoro Dau Malang
Authors: Tresna Umar Syamsuri  , Harrij Mukti  , Amalia Rahma Nur Amalia , Rohmanita Duanaputr  , Ruwah Joto
Published: June 2022

Pelatihan pemasangan instalasi listrik di Dusun Ndoro Desa Karangwidoro Dau Malang memberikan tambahan keterampilan sekaligus motivasi bagi masyarakat khususnya Karang Taruna dalam hal pemasangan instalasi listrik penerangan rumah tangga. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat dalam hal pemasangan instalasi listrik penerangan rumah tangga. Metode yang digunakan pada kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini meliputi pemahaman dan pengaplikasian modul beserta komponen-komponen yang akan digunakan, seperti pemilihan kabel listrik berdasarkan warna, penentuan kemampuan hantar arus, pengenalan simbol-simbol dan rangkaian instalasi listrik serta rancangan evaluasinya. Berdasarkan penerapan metode tersebut diharapkan masyarakat di dusun Ndoro Karangwidoro Dau Malang dapat memahami bagaimana langkah dan cara dalam pemasangan modul instalasi listrik, sehingga nantinya diharapkan dapat melakukan perancangan dan pengaplikasian instalasi listrik serta dapat menghasilkan penerangan yang dapat dimanfaatkan warga sekitar secara maksimal. Manfaat lain dari pelatihan ini yaitu nantinya dapat memberikan peluang usaha bagi Karang Taruna sebagai calon wirausaha. Selanjutnya, dari ilmu instalasi listrik yang telah diberikan selama kegiatan ini dapat disampaikan kepada warga tetangga wilayah kompleks lain yang kebutuhan listriknya belum terpenuhi secara maksimal.
Pemanfaatan Mesin Peniris Minyak Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Keripik Kelompok Jaya Makmur
Authors: Putri Ratna Ika , M. Rifa'i  , Yulianto  , Ari Murtono  , Bambang Priyadi
Published: June 2022

Kelompok Jaya Makmur Desa Ploso Kecamatan Selopuro, Kabupaten Blitar selaku mitra pengabdian kepada masyarakat Polinema, mengembangkan olahan keripik belut untuk meningkatkan penghasilan keluarga sejak tahun 2019. Proses pembuatan keripik belut dilakukan secara manual melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu pembersihan dan pencucian belut, pemipihan belut, pemberian bumbu dan penggorengan. Mitra belum menggunakan mesin peniris minyak atau mesin spinner sehingga pada proses pengolahan keripik setelah digoreng masih banyak sisa minyak pada keripik belut.  Hal ini menyebabkan keripik belut tersebut tidak tahan lama. Lebih dari seminggu akan hilang kerenyahannya dan berbau tengik. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah memberikan pemahaman, pengetahuan dan ketrampilan mengenai pemanfaatan mesin peniris minyak untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan nilai jual produk. Metode yang digunakan yaitu inovasi teknologi tepat guna melalui pembuatan mesin peniris minyak, pelatihan dan pembinaan serta monitoring dan evaluasi kegiatan. Pelatihan dan pembinaan dilakukan melalui kegiatan sosialisasi pemanfaatan mesin peniris minyak dan praktek penggunaan dan perawatan sistem mesin peniris minyak. Setelah kegiatan PPM ini dilaksanakan secara keseluruhan, mitra mendapatkan mesin peniris minyak dan memiliki ketrampilan untuk menggunakan mesin peniris tersebut.
Strategi Pengembangan Jamu Jawa Tradisional CV. Santoso di Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur
Authors: Dini Nafisatul Mutmainah  , Ahmad Haris Hasanuddin Slamet  , Dian Kumaila Dewi  , Nadhirotul Diniyah
Published: June 2022

CV. Santoso merupakan perusahaan jamu jawa tradisional di Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Perkembangan industri jamu di Indonesia berkembang sangat pesat. Kondisi ini menuntut CV. Santoso harus menentukan strategi pemasaran yang tepat agar produknya dapat bersaing dengan berbagai produk jamu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor internal dan faktor eksternal dari perusahaan CV. Santoso, untuk mengetahui beberapa alternatif strategi pengembangan yang dapat digunakan oleh perusahaan serta strategi prioritas yang sesuai untuk perusahaan. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis SWOT dan analisis AHP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kegiatan promosi dengan membuat tim promosi merupakan strategi prioritas utama dari pengembangan jamu Jawa tradisional CV. Santoso. Nilai bobot yang dihasilkan dari strategi prioritas utama sebesar 0,139, dengan menggunakan konsistensi logis 8%. Strategi prioritas utama yaitu dengan membuat tim promosi dapat diimplementasikan untuk memperluas pemasaran produk melalui media cetak, media massa, dan media sosial.
The Antimicrobial Potency of White Turmeric (Curcuma ceasia) in Breadfruit Starch (Artocarpus altilis) Edible Film
Authors: Suhartatik Nanik , Merkuria Karyantina  , Crisdyana Eko Setyaningsih
Published: June 2022

Breadfruit starch contains a relatively high number of amylose which has potency to be develop as edible film. It is also necessary to develop packaging materials which also contain natural antimicrobial compounds. White turmeric contains phytochemical compounds that have antimicrobial activity. This study aimed to determine the optimal concentration of breadfruit starch in edible films and to study the effect of white turmeric extract addition to inhibit the growth of Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The study used factorial completely randomized design which consist of 2 factors and two fold replication, namely the concentration of breadfruit starch and the concentration of white turmeric extract. The results showed that breadfruit starch at 8% concentration produce good edible film with a tensile strength reach up to 4.57 ± 0.135 MPa. Meanwhile the addition of 2.5% white turmeric could inhibit the growth of tested bacteria. Inhibition zone reached 1.38 cm for E.  coli and 1.40 cm for S. aureus. White turmeric has the potency to be developed as a natural antimicrobial compound in breadfruit starch edible films.
Uncovering the spectrum of adult zebrafish neural stem cell cycle regulators
Authors: Caron Aurélien , Trzuskot Lidia , Lindsey Benjamin W.
Published: June 2022

Adult neural stem and progenitor cells (aNSPCs) persist lifelong in teleost models in diverse stem cell niches of the brain and spinal cord. Fish maintain developmental stem cell populations throughout life, including both neuro-epithelial cells (NECs) and radial-glial cells (RGCs). Within stem cell domains of the brain, RGCs persist in a cycling or quiescent state, whereas NECs continuously divide. Heterogeneous populations of RGCs also sit adjacent the central canal of the spinal cord, showing infrequent proliferative activity under homeostasis. With the rise of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model to study adult neurogenesis and neuroregeneration in the central nervous system (CNS), it has become evident that aNSPC proliferation is regulated by a wealth of stimuli that may be coupled with biological function. Growing evidence suggests that aNSPCs are sensitive to environmental cues, social interactions, nutrient availability, and neurotrauma for example, and that distinct stem and progenitor cell populations alter their cell cycle activity accordingly. Such stimuli appear to act as triggers to either turn on normally dormant aNSPCs or modulate constitutive rates of niche-specific cell cycle behaviour. Defining the various forms of stimuli that influence RGC and NEC proliferation, and identifying the molecular regulators responsible, will strengthen our understanding of the connection between aNSPC activity and their biological significance. In this review, we aim to bring together the current state of knowledge on aNSPCs from studies investigating the zebrafish CNS, while highlighting emerging cell cycle regulators and outstanding questions that will help to advance this fascinating field of stem cell biology.
Fluorine-18: Radiochemistry and Target-Specific PET Molecular Probes Design
Authors: Wang Yunze , Lin Qingyu , Shi Hongcheng , Cheng Dengfeng
Published: June 2022

The positron emission tomography (PET) molecular imaging technology has gained universal value as a critical tool for assessing biological and biochemical processes in living subjects. The favorable chemical, physical, and nuclear characteristics of fluorine-18 (97% β+ decay, 109.8 min half-life, 635 keV positron energy) make it an attractive nuclide for labeling and molecular imaging. It stands that 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) is the most popular PET tracer. Besides that, a significantly abundant proportion of PET probes in clinical use or under development contain a fluorine or fluoroalkyl substituent group. For the reasons given above, 18F-labeled radiotracer design has become a hot topic in radiochemistry and radiopharmaceutics. Over the past decades, we have witnessed a rapid growth in 18F-labeling methods owing to the development of new reagents and catalysts. This review aims to provide an overview of strategies in radiosynthesis of [18F]fluorine-containing moieties with nucleophilic [18F]fluorides since 2015.
A Comparative Study of Biomimetic Synthesis of EDOT-Pyrrole and EDOT-Aniline Copolymers by Peroxidase-like Catalysts: Towards Tunable Semiconductive Organic Materials
Authors: Martínez-Cartagena Manuel Eduardo , Bernal-Martínez Juan , Banda-Villanueva Arnulfo , Magaña Ilse , Córdova Teresa , Ledezma-Pérez Antonio , Fernández-Tavizón Salvador , Díaz de León Ramón
Published: June 2022

It has been two decades since biomimetic synthesis of conducting polymers were first reported, however, the systematic investigation of how catalysts influence the properties of the conducting polymers has not been reported yet. In this paper, we report a comparative study between peroxidase-like catalyst, dopants, and their effect on the properties of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), polypyrrole (PPY), and polyaniline (PANI). We also investigate the EDOT-Pyrrole and EDOT-Aniline copolymerization by enzymomimetic synthesis using two catalysts (Ferrocene and Hematin). It was found that, chemically, there are no detectable effects, only having small contributions in molar ratios greater than 0.7–0.3. Spectroscopic data provide solid evidence concerning the effect in the variation of the molar fractions, finding that, as the molar fraction of EDOT decreases, changes associated with loss of the conjugation of the structure and the oxidation state of the chains were observed. The electrical conductivity was considerably modified depending on the type of catalyst. Hematin produces conductive homopolymers and copolymers when doped withp-toluene sulfonic acid (TSA), while ferrocene produces low conductive copolymers under the same conditions. The mole fraction affects conductivity significantly, showing that as the EDOT fraction decreases, the conductivity drops drastically for both EDOT-PY and EDOT-ANI copolymers. The type of dopant also notably affects conductivity; the best values were obtained by doping with TSA, while the lowest were obtained when doping with polystyrene sulfonate (PSS). We also draw a biomimetic route to tailor the fundamental properties of conducting homopolymers and copolymers for their design and scaled-up production, as they have recently been found to have use in a broad range of applications.
Silver Nanoparticle Films Obtained by Convective Self-Assembly for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Analyses of the Pesticides Thiabendazole and Endosulfan
Authors: Brezestean I. A. , Tosa N. , Falamas A. , Cuibus D. , Muntean C. M. , Bende A. , Cozar B. , Berghian-Grosan C. , Farcău C.
Published: June 2022

Pesticides pose a great threat to human health and their rapid detection has become an urgent public safety issue engaging the scientific community to search for fast and reliable detection techniques. In this context, Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) has emerged as a valuable detection and analysis tool due to its high sensitivity and selectivity, proving its suitability for the food industry and environmental monitoring applications. Here, we report on the fabrication of colloidal silver nanoparticle (AgNP) films by convective self-assembly (CSA) on solid planar substrate and their use for the SERS analyses of two types of pesticides, the fungicide thiabendazole (TBZ) and the insecticide α-endosulfan (α-ES). Electron microscopy shows that these nanoparticle films are dense, highly compact, and uniform across several mm2 areas. The SERS efficiency of the fabricated AgNP films is evaluated using a well-known Raman probe, p-aminothiophenol, for multiple excitation laser lines (532 nm, 633 nm, and 785 nm). The films exhibit the largest SERS enhancement factors for 785 nm excitation, reaching values larger than 105. Thiabendazole could be readily adsorbed on the AgNPs without any sample surface functionalization and detected down to 10−6 M, reaching the sub-ppm range. Endosulfan, a challenging analyte with poor affinity to metal surfaces, was captured near the metal surface by using self-assembled alkane thiol monolayers (hexanethiol and octanethiol), as demonstrated by the thorough vibrational band analysis, and supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) based on SERS spectra offers significant leverage in discrimination of the molecules anchored onto the metallic nanostructured surface. This present study demonstrates the utility of self-assembled colloidal nanoparticle films as SERS substrates for a broad range of analytes (para-aminothiophenol, thiabendazole, α-endosulfan, and alkanethiols) and contributes to the development of SERS-based sensors for pesticides detection, identification and monitoring.
Effects of Zn, Mg and Cu Doping on Oxidation Reaction of Al (111) Surface
Authors: Ji Hua , Ren Keliang , Yang Jia , Zhang Yating , Wang Guan
Published: June 2022

Aiming at the performance degradation of lithium-ion batteries due to shell corrosion, the doping of alloy elements Zn, Mg and Cu on Al (111) surface and the effect on oxidation reaction of Al (111) surface were studied by the first-principles calculation method. The results show that Zn, Mg and Cu atoms stably combine with Al atoms, and the surface smoothness is slightly different due to their different radii and electronegativity. The dissociative adsorption of O2 molecules is related to the surface doping atoms and O2 coverage, while the electron tunneling of underlying metal promotes O2 adsorption on the surface. As O2 coverage increases, the O atoms adsorbed on the hcp site gradually migrate to the subsurface layer. Zn, Mg, Cu and vacancy defect hinder the migration of the surrounding O atoms to subsurface layer, resulting in different structures and thicknesses of the oxide film near the doped atoms. At the same time, Zn, Mg, and Cu atoms differ in their ability to gain or lose electrons compared with Al atoms, resulting in their different positions on the surface. In addition, the surface work function rises with the increase of O2 coverage, and Zn and Cu atoms make the work function increase faster. Finally, according to the research results, it can be inferred that Zn and Mg are the unfavorable factors for the oxidation reaction of Al surface.
Effect and Mechanism of Bifidobacterium animalis B94 in the Prevention and Treatment of Liver Injury in Rats
Authors: Zhang Tianfang , Wang Jie , Yao Zhao , Ni Lingmei , Zhao Yifan , Wei Shuang , Chen Zuobing
Published: June 2022

Objective

To investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium animalis B94 on the prevention and treatment of liver injury in rats and to elucidate the underlying mechanism of this relationship.

Methods

Specific pathogen-free (SPF) rats were selected as the healthy control group, liver injury group and B94 treatment group, with 6 rats in each group. After the model was established, the experimental animals were tested for serum liver function indicators, gut microbiota composition, metabolite composition, and histopathology.

Results

The albumin/globulin ratio and serum TBA, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and indirect bilirubin levels in the B94 treatment group were significantly lower than those in the liver injury group. 16S rRNA analysis showed that the gut microbiota of the three groups of rats were significantly different. Metabolic profile analysis showed that there were significant differences in the gut metabolomes of the three groups. Haematoxylin–eosin staining of the intestinal mucosa and liver tissues showed that the degree of liver and intestinal tissue damage in the B94 treatment group was significantly lower than that in the liver injury group.

Conclusion

Bifidobacterium animalis B94 can affect the process of liver injury in rats by improving liver function, reducing intestinal damage, and regulating gut microbiota and metabolite production.
Daily Glucocorticoid Replacement Dose in Adrenal Insufficiency, a Mini Review
Authors: Caetano Celina M. , Malchoff Carl D.
Published: June 2022

The Endocrine Society Guidelines and recent reviews of adrenal insufficiency (AI) recommend a daily glucocorticoid replacement dose of 15 to 25 mg with a midpoint of 20 mg of hydrocortisone (HC) (alternatively 3 to 5 mg prednisolone) in divided doses in otherwise healthy individuals with AI. In contrast, a daily glucocorticoid replacement dose of 4.3 to 26 mg/d HC with a midpoint of 15 mg/d is predicted from current measurements of daily cortisol production rates and oral HC bioavailability. The higher HC doses recommended in the current guidelines may result in glucocorticoid overtreatment of some AI patients and associated long-term adverse outcomes. A titration method for determination of the individual patient’s daily glucocorticoid replacement dose and the impact of lower doses are reviewed. Future related research questions are identified.
A Novel Grid-Forming Strategy for Voltage-Source Controlled PV Under Nearly 100% Renewable Electricity
Authors: Hu Pan , Jiang Kezhen , Ji Xiaotong , Tan Daojun , Liu Dan , Cao Kan , Wang Wei
Published: June 2022

The demand for decarbonization calls for nearly 100% renewable electricity rising as the dominant power resource. The foregoing paradigm shifts require proactive voltage and frequency controllers for the converter-based renewable energy. This article proposed a novel grid-forming technique for voltage-source controlled photovoltaic (PV) operating in 100% renewable power systems. The proposed idea was to design a DC voltage collapse-prevention controller in conjunction with a simplified frequency and inertia controller, thereby smart capturing and releasing PV energy to achieve improvements in dynamic performance and efficiency. By setting the two-phase operation scheme, the model initiatively considers the conflict between frequency regulation and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) curve control. The preferred controls are validated using extensive simulation and experimental findings based on a semi-physical platform and a practical photovoltaic demonstration project. The proposed controller outperforms the standard PV current controller over a much larger range of weak grid situations, according to the experimental and engineering operational data. Results demonstrated the effectiveness of the presented method in applying to the future 100% renewable power system.
Forty Years of Wildland Urban Interface Growth and Its Relation With Wildfires in Central-Western Chubut, Argentina
Authors: Godoy Maria Marcela , Martinuzzi Sebastián , Masera Pablo , Defossé Guillermo E.
Published: June 2022

Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) areas are rapidly expanding worldwide. In many regions of the world, this expansion could be explained by the increasing possibilities of telecommuting and developing home-office work, while at the same time living in, or surrounded by wilderness areas of magnificent beauty. However, growth and development of these WUIs are still not well dimensioned and regulated, especially in fire prone ecosystems. Over the last two decades, an increasingly number of megafires occurred in these WUI areas in different regions of the world. Recently, big megafires occurred in WUIs located around towns in the western Andean-Patagonian region of Argentina. In this study, we analyzed the evolution of the WUI and its relationship with wildfires around cities and towns located in the northwestern part of Chubut province of Argentina. The studied region covers 324,823 ha and includes the cities of Esquel and Trevelin, and other small villages. Our objectives were to (i) map the current WUI, (ii) quantify changes occurred in the WUI in the last 40 years around the main cities of the region, and (iii) analyze the relationships among WUIs, vegetation types, and wildfire occurrence. We mapped the distribution of WUI using spatially explicit information on housing density derived from censuses and high-resolution imagery from 1981/1982 and 2021, and land cover data. The current WUI covered 8% of the study area, however it has 97% of the houses. Between 1981 and 2021, the WUI area increased by 80%, especially in the southern part of our study region. Finally, information on wildfires distribution revealed that 65% of the ignition points of the recent fires in the region occurred within the WUI. Most of the vegetation burned were herbs, sub-shrubs and woodlands. WUI expansion in our study area appears to be constrained by terrain features (slopes and accessibility), but not by vegetation characteristics. Our study suggests that continuing, unplanned housing expansion in wilderness areas without appropriate vegetation management will likely increases wildfire risk and human environmental conflicts further. Effective land use planning and wildfire management are crucial for sustainable housing expansion in western Patagonia.
Expression Regulation Mechanisms of Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus intermedius) Under the High Temperature: New Evidence for the miRNA-mRNA Interaction Involvement
Authors: Han Lingshu , Quan Zijiao , Wu Yanglei , Hao Pengfei , Wang Wenpei , Li Yuanxin , Zhang Xianglei , Liu Peng , Gao Chuang , Wang Heng , Wang Luo , Zhang Weijie , Yin Donghong , Chang Yaqing , Ding Jun
Published: June 2022

In the context of global warming and continuous high temperatures in the northern part of China during summer, the mortality rate of our main breeding species, Strongylocentrotus intermedius, reached 80% in 2020. How sea urchins respond to high temperatures is of great concern to academia and industry. In this study, we examined the antioxidant enzyme activities of different color tube-footed sea urchins under heat stress and compared their transcriptome and microRNA (miRNA) profiles using RNA-Seq. The results showed that the antioxidant enzyme activities of sea urchins were altered by thermal stress, and the changes in peroxidase activities of red tube-footed sea urchins were particularly significant. Investigations revealed that 1,079 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 11 DE miRNAs, and 104 “DE miRNA-DEG” pairs in total were detected in sea urchins under high temperature stress. Several mRNA and miRNAs were significantly changed (e.g. HSP70, DnaJ11, HYAL, CALR, miR-184-p5, miR-92a, miR-92c, and miR-124-p5), suggesting these genes and miRNAs exerted important functions in response to high temperature. At the transcriptional level, red tube-footed sea urchins were found to be more sensitive to high temperature and could respond to high temperature rapidly. DE miRNA-mRNA network showed that miR-92b-3p and PC-5p-7420 were the most corresponding miRNAs. Five mRNAs (DnaJ11, SAR1B, CALR, HYOU1, TUBA) may be potential markers of sea urchin response to high temperature. Possible interaction between miRNA-mRNA could be linked to protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, Phagosomes, and calcium transport. This study provides a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of sea urchin heat tolerance and information that will aid in the selection and breeding of sea urchins with high temperature tolerance.
Insights on the NF-κB System Using Live Cell Imaging: Recent Developments and Future Perspectives
Authors: Kizilirmak Cise , Bianchi Marco E. , Zambrano Samuel
Published: June 2022

The transcription factor family of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) proteins is widely recognized as a key player in inflammation and the immune responses, where it plays a fundamental role in translating external inflammatory cues into precise transcriptional programs, including the timely expression of a wide variety of cytokines/chemokines. Live cell imaging in single cells showed approximately 15 years ago that the canonical activation of NF-κB upon stimulus is very dynamic, including oscillations of its nuclear localization with a period close to 1.5 hours. This observation has triggered a fruitful interdisciplinary research line that has provided novel insights on the NF-κB system: how its heterogeneous response differs between cell types but also within homogeneous populations; how NF-κB dynamics translate external cues into intracellular signals and how NF-κB dynamics affects gene expression. Here we review the main features of this live cell imaging approach to the study of NF-κB, highlighting the key findings, the existing gaps of knowledge and hinting towards some of the potential future steps of this thriving research field.
Apatinib: A Novel Antiangiogenic Drug in Monotherapy or Combination Immunotherapy for Digestive System Malignancies
Authors: Li Haosheng , Huang Haiyan , Zhang Tao , Feng Haoran , Wang Shaodong , Zhang Yaqi , Ji Xiaopin , Cheng Xi , Zhao Ren
Published: June 2022

Digestive system malignancies are one of the primary causes of cancer-related death. Meanwhile, angiogenesis has been proved to play an important role in the process of cancer neovascularization. Apatinib, a novel targeted antiangiogenic molecule, could generate highly selective competition in the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2, involved in tumor progression and metastasis. It has been implied as a promising cancer treatment agent that can prevent tumor cell proliferation meanwhile inhibit tumor angiogenesis. Furthermore, completed clinical trials demonstrated that apatinib could prolong the progression-free survival and overall survival in advanced gastric cancer and primary liver cancer. Recent studies revealed that apatinib had a synergistic effect with immunotherapy as a second-line and third-line treatment regimen for some other cancers. In this review, we summarize the pharmacological properties of apatinib and the latest clinical application in chemotherapy-refractory patients with advanced digestive system cancer. Based on the comparable survival results, the molecular mechanisms of apatinib are prospective to include the antiangiogenic, apoptosis-inducing, and autophagy-inducing properties in the corresponding signaling pathway. Treatment of apatinib monotherapy or combination immunotherapy remains the optimal option for patients with digestive system malignancies in the future.
Development of Specific DNA Barcodes for the Dinophyceae Family Kareniaceae and Their Application in the South China Sea
Authors: Zhang Weiqian , Zhang Qingchun , Smith Kirsty F. , Qiu Limei , Liu Chao , Yin Xiaoting , Liu Qing
Published: June 2022

Species from the family Kareniaceae (Dinophyceae) frequently cause harmful algal blooms (HABs), with serious ecological impacts and risks to human safety and aquaculture activities in coastal waters worldwide. However, due to their small size, lack of morphological divergence, and low abundance during non-bloom periods, the diversity within this family is not well understood. By comparing the commonly used molecular markers, the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region was found to have an appropriate mutation rate to distinguish three of the most common genera (Karenia,Karlodinium, andTakayama) within the Kareniaceae family and different geographical strains of Kareniaceae. Specific primers targeting the ITS region ofKarenia, and the other primers specific to the generaKarlodiniumandTakayama, were designed. Specificity of the primers was tested using 17 strains of Kareniaceae species and 15 non-target species. Representative Kareniaceae species could be successfully detected even at low concentrations of target DNA template with a limit of detection of 3.2 pg. The primers were also assessed using high-throughput sequencing with two environmental samples from the South China Sea (SCS). Analysis of the reads identified as Kareniaceae species revealed a high diversity and the existence of unreported Kareniaceae species in the SCS. In conclusion, the newly developed molecular barcodes specifically detected Kareniaceae species in the field and will provide technical support for the effective warning and monitoring of Kareniaceae HABs.
A Warm and A Cold Spot in Cape Cod Waters Amid the Recent New England Shelf Warming
Authors: Yu Lisan , Yang Kristine T.
Published: June 2022

Despite the widely recognized warming of the New England Continental Shelf (NES), climate patterns of the shelf’s economically and ecologically important coastal environments remain less examined. Here we use a satellite sea-surface temperature (SST) analysis gridded on 0.05°C spatial resolution to show, for the first time, the existence of a warm and a cold spot in the environs of Cape Cod, Massachusetts amid the NES warming of the past 15 years. The warm spot refers to an increasing warming trend in shallow waters of Nantucket Sound sheltered by the islands of Martha’s Vineyard and Nantucket. The summer SST maxima have increased by 3.1±1.0°C (p<0.1), about three times faster than the warming elsewhere on the NES, and the summer season has lengthened by 20 ± 7 days (p<0.1). The cold spot refers to an increasing cooling trend over Nantucket Shoals, an area of shallow sandy shelf that extends south and southeast from Nantucket Island and also known for strong tidal mixing. The strong cooling trend during June–August reduced the SST maxima by -2.5±1.2°C (p<0.1) and shortened the warm season by -32 ± 11 days (p<0.1). Away from the Cape Cod waters, the broad warming on the shelf is attributable to a forward shifted annual cycle. The shift is most significant in August–November, during which the summer temperatures lingered longer into the fall, producing a pronounced warming and delaying the onset of the fall season by 13 ± 6 days (p<0.1). The three different patterns of SST phenology trends displayed by the respective warm spot, the cold spot, and the broad shelf highlight the highly dynamically diverse responses of coastal waters under climate warming. Finally, the study showed that spatial resolution of SST datasets affects the characterization of the spatial heterogeneity in the nearshore SSTs. The widely used Optimum Interpolation SST (OISST) on 0.25°C resolution was examined. Although the two SST datasets agree well with the measurements from the moored buoys at four locations, OISST does not have the cold spot and shows a higher rate of warming on the shelf.
A Tapered Cuff Tracheal Tube Decreases the Need for Cuff Pressure Adjustment After Surgical Retraction During Anterior Cervical Spine Surgery: A Randomized Controlled, Double-Blind Trial
Authors: Li Yi-Shiuan , Tan Elise Chia-Hui , Tsai Yueh-Ju , Mandell Mercedes Susan , Huang Shiang-Suo , Chiang Ting-Yun , Huang Wen-Cheng , Chang Wen-Kuei , Chu Ya-Chun
Published: June 2022

Background

Surgical retraction to expose the vertebrae during anterior cervical spine surgery increases tracheal tube cuff pressure and may worsen postoperative sore throat and dysphonia. This randomized double-blind study investigated the effect of cuff shape on intraoperative cuff pressure and postoperative sore throat and dysphonia.

Methods

Eighty patients were randomized to tracheal intubation with a tapered cuff or a conventional cylindrical high-volume low-pressure cuff (control) during anesthesia. Intraoperative cuff pressures were compared. The primary outcome was the incidence of pressure adjustment needed when the cuff pressure increased to > 25 mm Hg after surgical retraction. The secondary outcome was the incidence of postoperative sore throat and dysphonia.

Results

The incidence of pressure adjustment after surgical retraction was significantly lower in the tapered group than in the control group (13% vs. 48%; P = 0.001; relative risk reduction, 74%). The median [interquartile range (IQR)] cuff pressure (mm Hg) was significantly lower for the tapered cuff than for the control cuff before surgical retraction [9 (7–12) vs. 12 (10–15); P < 0.001] and after retraction [18 (15–23) vs. 25 (18–31); P = 0.007]. The median (IQR) postoperative dysphonia score assessed by a single speech-language pathologist was lower in the tapered group than in the control group [4 (3–6) vs. 5.5 (5–7); P = 0.008].

Conclusion

A tapered cuff tracheal tube decreased the need for the adjustment of cuff pressure after surgical retraction during anterior cervical spine surgery, thereby avoiding intraoperative pressure increase. It also has a better outcome in terms of dysphonia.

Clinical Trial Registration

[www.clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT04591769].
Yifei Sanjie Formula Treats Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease by Remodeling Pulmonary Microbiota
Authors: Wu Yueying , Meng Hui , Qiao Bo , Li Ning , Zhang Qiang , Jia Wenqing , Xing Haijing , Li Yuqing , Yuan Jiali , Yang Zhongshan
Published: June 2022

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common pulmonary diseases. Evidence suggests that dysbiosis of pulmonary microbiota leads to the COPD pathological process. Yifei Sanjie Formula (YS) is widely used to treat diseases in respiratory systems, yet little is known about its mechanisms. In the present study, we first established the fingerprint of YS as the background for UHPLC-QTOF-MS. Components were detected, including alkaloids, amino acid derivatives, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, organic acids, phenols, and the like. The therapeutic effect of YS on COPD was evaluated, and the pulmonary function and ventilatory dysfunction (EF50, TV, and MV) were improved after the administration of YS. Further, the influx of lymphocytes was inhibited in pulmonary parenchyma, accompanied by down-regulation of inflammation cytokines via the NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β signaling pathway. The severity of pulmonary pathological damage was reversed. Disturbed pulmonary microbiota was discovered to involve an increased relative abundance of Ralstonia and Mycoplasma and a decreased relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides in COPD animals. However, the subversive effect was shown. The abundance and diversity of pulmonary microflora were remodeled, especially increasing beneficial genua Lactobacillus and Bacteroides, as well as downregulating pathogenic genua Ralstonia and Mycoplasma in the YS group. Environmental factor correlation analysis showed that growing pulmonary microbiota was positively correlated with the inflammatory factor, referring to Ralstonia and Mycoplasma, as well as negatively correlated with the inflammatory factor, referring to Lactobacillus and Bacteroides. These results suggest that the effects of YS involved remodeling lung microbes and anti-inflammatory signal pathways, revealing that intervention microbiota and an anti-inflammatory may be a potential therapeutic strategy for COPD.
An Overview of Chili Leaf Curl Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Impact, Challenges, and Disease Management Strategies in Indian Subcontinent
Authors: Shingote Prashant Raghunath , Wasule Dhiraj Lalji , Parma Vaishnavi Sanjay , Holkar Somnath Kadappa , Karkute Suhas Gorakh , Parlawar Narsing Devanna , Senanayake D. M. J. B.
Published: June 2022

Leaf curl disease in a chili plant is caused mainly by Chili leaf curl virus (ChiLCV) (Family: Geminiviridae, Genus: Begomovirus). ChiLCV shows a widespread occurrence in most of the chili (Capsicum spp.) growing regions. ChiLCV has a limited host range and infects tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), potatoes (S. tuberosum), and amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor). The virus genome is a monopartite circular single-stranded DNA molecule of 2.7 kb and associated with α and β-satellites of 1.3 and 1.4 kb, respectively. The virus genome is encapsulated in distinct twinned icosahedral particles of around 18–30 nm in size and transmitted by Bemisia tabaci (Family: Aleyrodidae, Order: Hemiptera). Recently, bipartite begomovirus has been found to be associated with leaf curl disease. The leaf curl disease has a widespread distribution in the major equatorial regions viz., Australia, Asia, Africa, Europe, and America. Besides the PCR, qPCR, and LAMP-based detection systems, recently, localized surface-plasmon-resonance (LPSR) based optical platform is used for ChiLCV detection in a 20–40 μl of sample volume using aluminum nanoparticles. Management of ChiLCV is more challenging due to the vector-borne nature of the virus, therefore integrated disease management strategies need to be followed to contain the spread and heavy crop loss. CRISPR/Cas-mediated virus resistance has gained importance in disease management of DNA and RNA viruses due to certain advantages over the conventional approaches. Therefore, CRISPR/Cas system-mediated resistance needs to be explored in chili against ChiLCV.
The Characterization of Microbiome and Interactions on Weathered Rocks in a Subsurface Karst Cave, Central China
Authors: Wang Yiheng , Cheng Xiaoyu , Wang Hongmei , Zhou Jianping , Liu Xiaoyan , Tuovinen Olli H.
Published: June 2022

Karst caves are a natural oligotrophic subsurface biosphere widely distributed in southern China. Despite the progress in bacterial and fungal diversity, the knowledge about interactions between bacteria, fungi, and minerals is still limited in caves. Hence, for the first time, we investigated the interaction between bacteria and fungi living on weathered rocks in the Heshang Cave via high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA and ITS1 genes, and co-occurrence analysis. The mineral compositions of weathered rocks were analyzed by X-ray diffraction. Bacterial communities were dominated by Actinobacteria (33.68%), followed by Alphaproteobacteria (8.78%), and Planctomycetia (8.73%). In contrast, fungal communities were dominated by Sordariomycetes (21.08%) and Dothideomycetes (14.06%). Mineral substrata, particularly phosphorus-bearing minerals, significantly impacted bacterial (hydroxyapatite) and fungal (fluorapatite) communities as indicated by the redundancy analysis. In comparison with fungi, the development of bacterial communities was more controlled by the environmental selection indicated by the overwhelming contribution of deterministic processes. Co-occurrence network analysis showed that all nodes were positively linked, indicating ubiquitous cooperation within bacterial groups and fungal groups, as well as between bacteria and fungi under oligotrophic conditions in the subsurface biosphere. In total, 19 bacterial ASVs and 34 fungal OTUs were identified as keystone taxa, suggesting the fundamental role of fungi in maintaining the microbial ecosystem on weathered rocks. Ascomycota was most dominant in keystone taxa, accounting for 26.42%, followed by Actinobacteria in bacteria (24.53%). Collectively, our results confirmed the highly diverse bacterial and fungal communities on weathered rocks, and their close cooperation to sustain the subsurface ecosystem. Phosphorus-bearing minerals were of significance in shaping epipetreous bacterial and fungal communities. These observations provide new knowledge about microbial interactions between bacteria, fungi, and minerals in the subterranean biosphere.
Integration of Zeolite Membrane Bioreactor With Granular Sludge-Based Anammox in High-Efficiency Nitrogen Removal From Iron Oxide Red Wastewater
Authors: Feng Xing-Hui , Wang Xiao-Jun , Li Hai-Xiang , Zhang Hai-Ya , Zhu Zong-Qiang , Liang Yan-Peng , Dong Kun , Zeng Hong-Hu
Published: June 2022

Acquisition of stable nitritation and efficient anammox play a crucial role in partial nitritation (PN) combined with anammox for nitrogen removal from ammonium-rich wastewater. Due to the limitation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) enrichment and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) control in traditional membrane biological reactor (MBR), it can result in a lower nitrite production rate (NPR) and unstable PN, eventually reducing the nitrogen removal rate (NRR) via PN-anammox. In this study, we developed a zeolite membrane biological reactor (ZMBR) to enhance the PN of iron oxide red wastewater (IORW), in which the biofilm derived from the zeolite surface can provide free ammonia (FA)-containing microenvironment for AOB enrichment and NOB inhibition. The results showed that ZMBR can tolerate a higher influent nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 2.78 kg/(m3⋅day) in comparison to the traditional MBR [2.02 kg/(m3⋅day)] and the NPR in ZMBR and traditional MBR were 1.39 and 0.96 kg/(m3⋅day), respectively. The mass concentration ratio of NO2--N/NH4+-N ranged from 1.05 to 1.33 in ZMBR, suggesting a suitable condition for nitrogen removal via anammox. Subsequently, the domesticated granular sludge obtained from a paper-making wastewater treatment was used as the carrier of anammox bacteria to remove nitrogen. After 93 days of operation, the NRR was observed to be 2.33 kg/(m3⋅day) and high-throughput sequencing indicated that the relatively higher abundance (45.0%) of Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis was detected in the granular sludge of the bottom part of the reactor, which can produce more proteins and lipids, suggesting a good settleability. Overall, this study provides a high-efficient method to control PN and domesticate anammox for nitrogen removal from IORW.
Breast Cancer Subtypes Based on Hypoxia-Related Gene Sets Identify Potential Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Xiong Zhenchong , Huang Weiling , Zhong Wenjing , Fu Jianchang , Feng Jikun , Wang Xi , Ling Feihai
Published: June 2022

Purpose: The hypoxic tumor microenvironment was reported to be involved in different tumorigenesis mechanisms of breast cancer (BC). We aimed to establish a hypoxia-related gene signature to identify a new BC subtype through the clustering analysis and explore potential compounds targeting the BC subtypes.

Methods: Gene expression data and clinical features of BC and adjacent non-tumor tissues were downloaded from the Cancer Genome Atlas-Breast cancer (TCGA-BRCA) database. We comprehensively revealed the activity changes of Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes (BP) gene sets in BC by gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and identified three hypoxia-related BC subtypes. We then matched the differentially expressed gene profile of each subtype with the gene profile in CMap database to identify the potential agents targeting the BC subtypes.

Results: 562 of Gene Ontology biological processes gene sets significantly correlated with hypoxia score in breast cancer. 969 BC patients were clustered into three subtypes based on the enrichment score of hypoxia-associated gene sets. Subtype 1 patients displayed better survival than subtype 2 and 3. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of each subtype was performed based on the unique differential expression genes profile. In subtype 1, the upregulated genes were associated with lipid and amino acid metabolism regulation; in subtype 2, the upregulated genes were associated with metabolic energy regulation, while in subtype 3, the upregulated genes were associated with apoptosis and protein process. Using the CMap database, 55, 111 and 63 compounds were identified, targeting subtype 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

Conclusion: In this study, novel hypoxia-related subtypes were developed for patients with BC. In addition, biological processes associated with differential expression genes profile and potential therapeutic target compounds were identified in each subtype. The new classification might provide a better understanding of the role of hypoxia in breast cancer and more individualized treatment for patients.
A Metabolic Gene Signature to Predict Breast Cancer Prognosis
Authors: Lu Jun , Liu Pinbo , Zhang Ran
Published: June 2022

Background: The existing metabolic gene signatures for predicting breast cancer outcomes only focus on gene expression data without considering clinical characteristics. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a predictive risk model combining metabolic enzyme genes and clinicopathological characteristics to predict the overall survival in patients with breast cancer.

Methods: Transcriptomics and corresponding clinical data for patients with breast cancer were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases. Differentially expressed metabolic genes between tumors and normal tissues were identified in the TCGA dataset (training dataset). A prognostic model was then built using univariate and multifactorial Cox proportional hazards regression analyses in the training dataset. The capability of the predictive model was then assessed using the receiver operating characteristic in both datasets. Pathway enrichment analysis and immune cell infiltration were performed using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)/Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and CIBERSORT algorithm, respectively.

Results: In breast cancer and normal tissues, 212 metabolic enzyme genes were differentially expressed. The predictive model included four factors: age, stage, and expression of SLC35A2 and PLA2G10. Patients with breast cancer were classified into high- and low-risk groups based on the model; the high-risk group had a significantly poorer overall survival rate than the low-risk group. Furthermore, the two risk groups showed different activation of pathways and alterations in the properties of tumor microenvironment-infiltrating immune cells.

Conclusion: We developed a powerful model to predict prognosis in patients with breast cancer by combining the gene expression of metabolic enzymes with clinicopathological characteristics.
Librational Dynamics of Spin-Labeled Membranes at Cryogenic Temperatures From Echo-Detected ED-EPR Spectra
Authors: Bartucci Rosa , Aloi Erika
Published: June 2022

Methods of electron spin echo of pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy are increasingly employed to investigate biophysical properties of nitroxide-labeled biosystems at cryogenic temperatures. Two-pulse echo-detected ED-spectra have proven to be valuable tools to describe the librational dynamics in the low-temperature phases of both lipids and proteins in membranes. The motional parameter,α2τC, given by the product of the mean-square angular amplitude,α2, and the rotational correlation time,τC, of the motion, is readily determined from the nitroxide ED-spectra as well as from theW-relaxation rate curves. An independent evaluation ofα2is obtained from the motionally averaged14N-hyperfine splitting separation in the continuous wave cw-EPR spectra. Finally, the rotational correlation timeτCcan be estimated by combining ED- and cw-EPR data. In this mini-review, results on the librational dynamics in model and natural membranes are illustrated.