bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Personality on Online Game Flow Experience and the Eye Blink Rate as an Objective Indicator
Authors: Rau Pei-Luen Patrick , Tseng Yu Chien , Dong Xiao , Jiang Caihong , Chen Cuiling
Published: June 2017

This study aimed to explore the effects of dominant and compliant personalities, on both flow experience and the external characteristics of flow experience. A total of 48 participants were recruited to play an online game and subsequently asked to recall the songs they had heard while they were playing the game. Eye blink rate was recorded. The results demonstrated that (1) the participant was immersed in the game more if he/she was relatively dominant or noncompliant; (2) the perceptions about the external environment declined remarkably while being in a flow state; and (3) eye blink rates decreased only when the flow happened at the beginning of the game, rather than throughout the whole process. The results suggested that gamers who tend to be dominant or noncompliant were more likely to experience flow. Eye blink rate and perceptions of the external environment could be objective indicators of flow experience.
Modeling PM2.5 Urban Pollution Using Machine Learning and Selected Meteorological Parameters
Authors: Kleine Deters Jan , Zalakeviciute Rasa , Gonzalez Mario , Rybarczyk Yves
Published: June 2017

Outdoor air pollution costs millions of premature deaths annually, mostly due to anthropogenic fine particulate matter (or PM2.5). Quito, the capital city of Ecuador, is no exception in exceeding the healthy levels of pollution. In addition to the impact of urbanization, motorization, and rapid population growth, particulate pollution is modulated by meteorological factors and geophysical characteristics, which complicate the implementation of the most advanced models of weather forecast. Thus, this paper proposes a machine learning approach based on six years of meteorological and pollution data analyses to predict the concentrations of PM2.5 from wind (speed and direction) and precipitation levels. The results of the classification model show a high reliability in the classification of low (<10 µg/m3) versus high (>25 µg/m3) and low (<10 µg/m3) versus moderate (10–25 µg/m3) concentrations of PM2.5. A regression analysis suggests a better prediction of PM2.5 when the climatic conditions are getting more extreme (strong winds or high levels of precipitation). The high correlation between estimated and real data for a time series analysis during the wet season confirms this finding. The study demonstrates that the use of statistical models based on machine learning is relevant to predict PM2.5 concentrations from meteorological data.
Preclinical Studies and Translational Applications of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Siaw-Debrah Felix , Nyanzu Mark , Ni Haoqi , Lin Xiao , Xu Zhu , Ruan Linhui , Zhuge Qichuan , Huang Lijie
Published: June 2017

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) which refers to bleeding in the brain is a very deleterious condition with high mortality and disability rate. Surgery or conservative therapy remains the treatment option. Various studies have divided the disease process of ICH into primary and secondary injury, for which knowledge into these processes has yielded many preclinical and clinical treatment options. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the new experimental drugs as well as other treatment options like stem cell therapy, rehabilitation, and nanomedicine and mention some translational clinical applications that have been done with these treatment options.
Moving Object Detection for Dynamic Background Scenes Based on Spatiotemporal Model
Authors: Yang Yizhong , Zhang Qiang , Wang Pengfei , Hu Xionglou , Wu Nengju
Published: June 2017

Moving object detection in video streams is the first step of many computer vision applications. Background modeling and subtraction for moving detection is the most common technique for detecting, while how to detect moving objects correctly is still a challenge. Some methods initialize the background model at each pixel in the first N frames. However, it cannot perform well in dynamic background scenes since the background model only contains temporal features. Herein, a novel pixelwise and nonparametric moving object detection method is proposed, which contains both spatial and temporal features. The proposed method can accurately detect the dynamic background. Additionally, several new mechanisms are also proposed to maintain and update the background model. The experimental results based on image sequences in public datasets show that the proposed method provides the robustness and effectiveness in dynamic background scenes compared with the existing methods.
Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Structural MRI Images Using a Regularized Extreme Learning Machine and PCA Features
Authors: Lama Ramesh Kumar , Gwak Jeonghwan , Park Jeong-Seon , Lee Sang-Woong
Published: June 2017

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative brain disorder that attacks neurotransmitters, brain cells, and nerves, affecting brain functions, memory, and behaviors and then finally causing dementia on elderly people. Despite its significance, there is currently no cure for it. However, there are medicines available on prescription that can help delay the progress of the condition. Thus, early diagnosis of AD is essential for patient care and relevant researches. Major challenges in proper diagnosis of AD using existing classification schemes are the availability of a smaller number of training samples and the larger number of possible feature representations. In this paper, we present and compare AD diagnosis approaches using structural magnetic resonance (sMR) images to discriminate AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy control (HC) subjects using a support vector machine (SVM), an import vector machine (IVM), and a regularized extreme learning machine (RELM). The greedy score-based feature selection technique is employed to select important feature vectors. In addition, a kernel-based discriminative approach is adopted to deal with complex data distributions. We compare the performance of these classifiers for volumetric sMR image data from Alzheimer’s disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) datasets. Experiments on the ADNI datasets showed that RELM with the feature selection approach can significantly improve classification accuracy of AD from MCI and HC subjects.
Vitamins K1 and K2: The Emerging Group of Vitamins Required for Human Health
Authors: Schwalfenberg Gerry Kurt
Published: June 2017

Objective. To review the evidence for the use of vitamin K supplementation in clinical conditions such as osteoporosis, vascular calcification, arthritis, cancer, renal calculi, diabetes, and warfarin therapy.Quality of Evidence. PubMed was searched for articles on vitamin K (K1 and K2) along with books and conference proceedings and health conditions listed above. Level I and II evidence supports the use of vitamins K1 and K2 in osteoporosis and Level II evidence supports vitamin K2 in prevention of coronary calcification and cardiovascular disease. Evidence is insufficient for use in diabetes, arthritis, renal calculi, and cancer.Main Message.Vitamin K2 may be a useful adjunct for the treatment of osteoporosis, along with vitamin D and calcium, rivaling bisphosphonate therapy without toxicity. It may also significantly reduce morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular health by reducing vascular calcification. Vitamin K2 appears promising in the areas of diabetes, cancer, and osteoarthritis. Vitamin K use in warfarin therapy is safe and may improve INR control, although a dosage adjustment is required.Conclusion. Vitamin K supplementation may be useful for a number of chronic conditions that are afflicting North Americans as the population ages. Supplementation may be required for bone and cardiovascular health.
Starobinsky Inflation: From Non-SUSY to SUGRA Realizations
Authors: Pallis Constantinos , Toumbas Nicolaos
Published: June 2017

We review the realization of Starobinsky-type inflation within induced-gravity supersymmetric (SUSY) and non-SUSY models. In both cases, inflation is in agreement with the current data and can be attained for sub-Planckian values of the inflation. The corresponding effective theories retain perturbative unitarity up to the Planck scale and the inflation mass is predicted to be 3·1013 GeV. The supergravity embedding of these models is achieved by employing two gauge singlet chiral superfields, a superpotential that is uniquely determined by a continuous R and a discrete Zn symmetry and several (semi)logarithmic Kähler potentials that respect these symmetries. Checking various functional forms for the noninflation accompanying field in the Kähler potentials, we identify four cases which stabilize it without invoking higher order terms.
Etiology of Hypopituitarism in Adult Patients: The Experience of a Single Center Database in the Serbian Population
Authors: Doknić M. , Pekić S. , Miljić D. , Soldatović I. , Popović V. , Stojanović M. , Petakov M.
Published: June 2017

There are only a few published studies related to the population-based etiology of hypopituitarism. New risks for developing hypopituitarism have been recognized in the last 10 years. Aim. To present data regarding the etiology of hypopituitarism collected in a tertiary center over the last decade. This is a cross-sectional database study. Patients and Methods. We included 512 patients (pts) with hypopituitarism, with a mean age of 45.9 ± 1.7 yrs (range: 18–82; male: 57.9%). Results. Nonfunctional pituitary adenomas were presented in 205 pts (40.5%), congenital causes in 74 pts (14.6%), while acromegaly and prolactinomas were presented in 37 (7.2%) and 36 (7.0%) patients, respectively. Craniopharyngiomas were detected in 30 pts (5.9%), and head trauma due to trauma brain injury-TBI and subarachnoid hemorrhage-SAH in 27 pts (5.4%). Survivors of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and those with previous cranial irradiation were presented in the same frequency (18 pts, 3.5% each). Conclusion. The most common causes of hypopituitarism in our database are pituitary adenomas. Increased awareness of the other causes of pituitary dysfunction, such as congenital, head trauma, extrapituitary cranial irradiation, and infections, is the reason for a higher frequency of these etiologies of hypopituitarism in the presented database.
Enthalpic Contribution of Ni(II) in the Interaction between Carbonaceous Material and Aqueous Solution
Authors: Giraldo Liliana , Moreno-Piraján Juan Carlos
Published: June 2017

Solid adsorbents were prepared from corn cob that was modified with a solution of HNO3 6 M at different contact times. The solids are characterized by physical N2 adsorption at 77 K to know their surface area by applying the BET model and surface chemistry is determined using the Bohem method. Once we have prepared the adsorbents we determine the immersion enthalpy, ΔHim, of the solids in Ni(II) aqueous solutions of different concentrations between 20 and 800 mg·L−1, with values for ΔHim between 10.0 and 35.3 J·g−1. From the results obtained for the immersion enthalpy in function of the ion Ni(II) concentration we calculate the contribution to the immersion enthalpy that corresponds to the ion when it is treated with the system adsorbent-solution as a mixture in which the solid, the solvent, and the adsorbate are involved. The solution thermodynamics allows for establishing the enthalpic changes that bring the ion in function of the concentration and the intensity of the interaction of solid-metal ion that is favored by the presence of acid groups in the solid.
Glomangioma of the Kidney: A Rare Case of Glomus Tumor and Review of the Literature
Authors: Almaghrabi Ammar , Almaghrabi Nizar , Al-Maghrabi Haneen
Published: June 2017

Background. Glomus tumors are rare mesenchymal tumors originating from glomus bodies in the skin. Glomus tumors of the kidney are rare tumors and only a few cases have been reported in the medical literature. An extensive search revealed a very limited number of primary renal glomus tumors. Although most of these cases were benign in nature, including a case with uncertain diagnosis of malignant potential, two were malignant.Case Report. We present a unique case of a 57-year-old male patient with an incidentally discovered 2 cm left renal mass. Histopathology examination and immunohistochemical studies confirm the diagnosis of glomangioma (a form of glomus tumor). The patient was followed for one year after partial nephrectomy and showed a benign course without any evidence of local recurrence or metastasis.Conclusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the 16th case of primary benign renal glomus tumors. Primary renal glomus tumors are rare and may mimic other mesenchymal renal neoplasms radiologically. Proper investigation (including histopathological analysis and immunohistochemical staining) of kidney tumors is essential to make the diagnosis of glomus tumors, which usually show a benign clinical course following resection.
Fault Detection of a Wheelset Bearing Based on Appropriately Sparse Impulse Extraction
Authors: Ding Jianming , Li Fenglin , Lin Jianhui , Miao Bingrong , Liu Lu
Published: June 2017

Convolution sparse representation (CSR) is a novel compressive sensing technique proposed in 2016 and provides an excellent framework for extracting the impulses induced by bearing faults and the unevenness of wheel tread. However, its sparsity performance on extracting impulses is sensitive to the improper penalty parameter. So, a novel fault detection method, appropriately sparse impulse extraction, is proposed based on the combination of CSR, estimating the number of atom types (ENA), and crest factor. The type of atoms embedded in vibration signals is estimated by ENA. Aiming at the different types of atoms, the impulses with different sparse characteristic are spanned by CSR with different penalty parameters. The appropriately sparse impulses are selected for fault detection based on the maximal crest factor. The simulation validation, experiment verification, and practical application are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed appropriately sparse impulses extraction. These results show that the proposed appropriately sparse impulse extraction not only can obtain fault-characteristic frequency and its harmonics for fault judgment but also describes the dynamic behaviour between elementary defects and their matching surfaces. In addition, the proposed appropriately sparse impulse extraction can isolate the impulses with different types of atoms and is very suitable for detecting the wheelset bearing faults.
An Improved Clustering Method for Detection System of Public Security Events Based on Genetic Algorithm and Semisupervised Learning
Authors: Wang Heng , Zhao Zhenzhen , Guo Zhiwei , Wang Zhenfeng , Xu Guangyin
Published: June 2017

The occurrence of series of events is always associated with the news report, social network, and Internet media. In this paper, a detecting system for public security events is designed, which carries out clustering operation to cluster relevant text data, in order to benefit relevant departments by evaluation and handling. Firstly, texts are mapped into three-dimensional space using the vector space model. Then, to overcome the shortcoming of the traditional clustering algorithm, an improved fuzzy c-means (FCM) algorithm based on adaptive genetic algorithm and semisupervised learning is proposed. In the proposed algorithm, adaptive genetic algorithm is employed to select optimal initial clustering centers. Meanwhile, motivated by semisupervised learning, guiding effect of prior knowledge is used to accelerate iterative process. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted from two aspects of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, which demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs excellently in improving clustering centers, clustering results, and consuming time.
Aloesin Suppresses Cell Growth and Metastasis in Ovarian Cancer SKOV3 Cells through the Inhibition of the MAPK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Zhang Li-qian , Lv Rong-wei , Qu Xiang-dong , Chen Xian-jun , Lu Hong-sheng , Wang Ying
Published: June 2017

Aloesin is an active constituent of the herb aloe vera and plays a crucial role in anti-inflammatory activity, ultraviolet protection, and antibacterium. We investigated the role and possible mechanisms of aloesin in the cell growth and metastasis of ovarian cancer. It was found that aloesin inhibited cell viability and cell clonality in a dose-dependent manner. It arrests the cell cycle at the S-phase and induced apoptosis in SKOV3 cells. In an in vivo experiment, it was observed that aloesin inhibited tumor growth. Moreover, it inhibited migration and invasion of cancer in SKOV3 cells. Interestingly, members from the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling family became less phosphorylated as the aloesin dose increased. This suggests that aloesin exerts its anticancer effect through the MAPK signaling pathway. Our data also highlights the possibility of using aloesin as a novel therapeutic drug for ovarian cancer treatment.
Biomechanical Property of a Newly Designed Assembly Locking Compression Plate: Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Zhou Jiang-Jun , Zhao Min , Liu Da , Liu Hai-Ying , Du Cheng-Fei
Published: June 2017

In this study, we developed and validated a refined three-dimensional finite element model of middle femoral comminuted fracture to compare the biomechanical stability after two kinds of plate fixation: a newly designed assembly locking compression plate (NALCP) and a locking compression plate (LCP). CT data of a male volunteer was converted to middle femoral comminuted fracture finite element analysis model. The fracture was fixated by NALCP and LCP. Stress distributions were observed. Under slow walking load and torsion load, the stress distribution tendency of the two plates was roughly uniform. The anterolateral femur was the tension stress area, and the bone block shifted toward the anterolateral femur. Maximum stress was found on the lateral border of the number 5 countersink of the plate. Under a slow walking load, the NALCP maximum stress was 2.160e+03 MPa and the LCP was 8.561e+02 MPa. Under torsion load, the NALCP maximum stress was 2.260e+03 MPa and the LCP was 6.813e+02 MPa. Based on those results of finite element analysis, the NALCP can provide adequate mechanical stability for comminuted fractures, which would help fixate the bone block and promote bone healing.
Vibration of a Cylindrical Tunnel under a Centric Point-Source Explosion
Authors: Zhao Yuetang , Chu Cheng , Vafeidis Anastasios , Li Jie
Published: June 2017

Underground tunnels are vulnerable to terrorists’ bombing attacks, which calls for studies on tunnel’s response to internal explosive loading. In this paper, the dynamic response of a cylindrical tunnel to an ideal centric point explosion was treated as an axisymmetric 2-dimensional problem, in which the tunnel was modeled with a continuous anisotropic shell, while the ground medium’s effect was accounted for with linear elastic Winkler springs and the explosive loading described by a temporal and spatial function. The governing equation of the motion is a fourth-order partial differential equation, for which a numerical method combining finite difference with the implicit Newmark-β method was adopted. This method avoided complicated integral transform and numerical inverse transformation, thus allowing efficient parameter study. The maximum radial displacement was found on the cricle of the center of explosive, where hoop stress is the maximum principal stress. The anisotropy showed little influence on maximum hoop stress. Within the range of ground medium’s modulus, minor influence on maximum hoop stress was incurred. This research may be helpful to hazard assessment and protective design for some critical subway tunnels.
Pullout Characteristics of Geosynthetics Reinforced Earth Using Multilayer Spreading Pullout Test
Authors: Park Jong-Beom , Kim Daehyeon , Yang Si-Bong , Kim Jang-Heung
Published: June 2017

Pullout test equipment for examining pullout characteristics in a reinforced earth structure is relatively larger than direct shear testing machines and requires much time and expenses in preparing samples. Moreover, because of irregular stress distributions with respect to the length of reinforcements, it is difficult to analyze pullout test results. In this study, we developed a multilayer spreading pullout apparatus enabling the pullout test in the order of a top stage, middle stage, and bottom stage with different loads once a ground model is prepared, suggesting an efficient method of a multilayer spreading pullout test. The pullout test is carried out at least three times with the prepared ground model while changing confining loads. Jumunjin sand was used to verify the developed pullout test apparatus and to analyze pullout characteristics of each reinforcement. The analysis reveals that the difference between angles of pullout friction is approximately 0.86 to 1.3° which is distributed within the error range of a pullout test. As a result, the multilayer spreading pullout apparatus is applicable as a new pullout apparatus, and the suggested method of multilayer spreading pullout test is identified as a pullout test technique efficiently to obtain pullout parameters.
The Selection of High-Skilled Emigrants
Authors: Parey Matthias , Ruhose Jens , Waldinger Fabian , Netz Nicolai
Published: June 2017

We measure selection among high-skilled emigrants from Germany using predicted earnings. Migrants to less equal countries are positively selected relative to nonmigrants, while migrants to more equal countries are negatively selected, consistent with the prediction in Borjas (1987). Positive selection to less equal countries reflects university quality and grades, and negative selection to more equal countries reflects university subject and gender. Migrants to the United States are highly positively selected and concentrated in STEM fields. Our results highlight the relevance of the Borjas model for high-skilled individuals when credit constraints and other migration barriers are unlikely to be binding.
Experiential Learning in the Social and Mobile-first Student Newsroom
Authors: Burns Shawn
Published: June 2017

This paper is an exploration of student feedback to their participation and learning in the social and mobile-first multimedia newsroom run as part of the Bachelor of Journalism degree at the University of Wollongong, Australia. The paper draws on student responses to an online survey carried out in the wake of the final-year newsroom subject. Acknowledging one of the main aims of journalism, newsroom curriculum is to present ‘real-world’ experiences as authentically as possible. The paper explores the student observations in the context of a changing news media landscape, and the need for journalism education to remain relevant and contemporary.
New modes of cinematic production in contemporary Spanish cinema: Private televisions and the film franchise
Authors: Meneses Jara Fernández
Published: June 2017

This article explores a new mode of cinematic production that emerged in contemporary Spanish cinema only after private television companies were legally compelled by the Law 22/1999 to invest in film production, leading to the film franchise as exemplified by the Brain Drain film series Fuga de cerebros (Brain Drain) (González Molina, 2009) and Fuga de cerebros 2. Ahora en Harvard (Brain Drain 2) (Therón, 2011). These productions depart from the institutional models of contemporary Spanish cinema since they emerge from strategies that mirror those used by private television companies when manufacturing television series. By analysing the Brain Drain franchise’s production strategies and formal features, this article aims to shed light on an overlooked area of contemporary Spanish cinema.
Inglourious Basterds: Satirizing the spectator and revealing the ‘Nazi’ within
Authors: Chrystall Andrew
Published: June 2017

This article presents Tarantino’s Inglourious Basterds as a ‘masterpiece’ of metacinema that satirizes its audience(s) directly. The particular focus is how Tarantino creates and leverages a network of analogical relations and/or resonances to reflect and/or fold spectators back upon themselves and make us (the viewing audience) the butt or (Private) ‘Butz’ of his joke. This article also argues that Tarantino attacks and manipulates the viewer’s sensibilities and perceptions with a view to affording them a shock of recognition − exposing audiences to their enjoyment (and, by extension, complicity in the co-production) of on-screen violence and their willingness to be manipulated by the director into a position that parallels that of the in-film Nazi audience − and, thereby enabling spectators to see themselves and their relations to film more clearly.
Estresse ocupacional em docentes do ensino fundamental de uma escola no sul do Brasil: Uma análise a partir de uma perspectiva de gênero
Authors: Barbosa Marcus Levi Lopes , Quaresma da Silva Denise Regina , Menegotto Lisiane Machado de Oliveira , Lopes Ronei Saldanha
Published: June 2017

Este estudo analisa os níveis de estresse ocupacional em docentes do ensino fundamental de uma escola da rede municipal de uma cidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil). Verifica sua ocorrência por gênero, bem como por idade e tempo de trabalho docente. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo e transversal. Para avaliar a presença dessa condição nos 50 docentes da amostra, foi utilizado o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para adultos de LIPP – ISSL (Lipp, 2000). Os resultados apontam que as mulheres estudadas experimentam mais sintomas físicos de estresse em relação aos homens avaliados. Além disso, indicam que o estresse possa ser próprio da atividade da docência, pois atinge igualmente docentes mais jovens e com mais idade, tanto no início, meio e final da carreira.
Organización del tiempo docente y su relación con la satisfacción laboral: Evidencia para el caso chileno
Authors: Cabezas Veronica , Medeiros María Paz , Inostroza David , Gómez Constanza , Loyola Vicente
Published: June 2017

La literatura ha encontrado que la falta de tiempo de los docentes para poder desarrollar las tareas requeridas es uno de los factores claves que influye negativamente en la satisfacción laboral. En base a una muestra representativa de docentes de la Región Metropolitana de Chile (N=950) y utilizando modelos condicionados, este estudio explora la relación entre la satisfacción laboral de los docentes de establecimientos subvencionados por el Estado, y el tiempo que estos profesores tienen, dentro y fuera del contrato laboral, para realizar actividades complementarias a la docencia frente al aula. Este estudio utiliza un cuestionario que incluye, además de la cantidad de tiempo extra, antecedentes sobre el uso que le dan los docentes a este tiempo, identificando el tipo de actividades que realizan, y si lo hacen de manera individual o colectiva. Por lo que también examina la relación entre la satisfacción laboral y estas otras variables. Los resultados dan cuenta que existe una relación positiva y robusta entre la cantidad de horas no lectivas y la satisfacción laboral docente, y una negativa con las horas extra-laborales. Además, permite identificar la relevancia de contar con instancias formales de trabajo colaborativo para planificar y preparar material de clases ya que se encuentra un efecto positivo en la satisfacción de los docentes.
A revised Asingle model to explain stem cell dynamics in the mouse male germline
Authors: Lord Tessa , Oatley Jon M
Published: June 2017

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and progenitor spermatogonia encompass the undifferentiated spermatogonial pool in mammalian testes. In rodents, this population is comprised of Asingle, Apaired and chains of 4–16 Aaligned spermatogonia. Although traditional models propose that the entire Asingle pool represents SSCs, and formation of an Apaired syncytium symbolizes irreversible entry to a progenitor state destined for differentiation; recent models have emerged that suggest that the Asingle pool is heterogeneous, and Apaired/Aaligned can fragment to produce new SSCs. In this review, we explore evidence from the literature for these differing models representing SSC dynamics, including the traditional ‘Asingle’ and more recently formed ‘fragmentation’ models. Further, based on findings using a fluorescent reporter transgene (eGfp) that reflects expression of the SSC-specific transcription factor ‘inhibitor of DNA binding 4’ (Id4), we propose a revised version of the traditional model in which SSCs are a subset of the Asingle population; the ID4-eGFP bright cells (SSCultimate). From the SSCultimate pool, other Asingle and Apaired cohorts arise that are ID4-eGFP dim. Although the SSCultimate possess a transcriptome profile that reflects a self-renewing state, the transcriptome of the ID4-eGFP dim population resembles that of cells in transition (SSCtransitory) to a progenitor state. Accordingly, at the next mitotic division, these SSCtransitory are likely to join the progenitor pool and have lost stem cell capacity. This model supports the concept of a linear relationship between spermatogonial chain length and propensity for differentiation, while leaving open the possibility that the SSCtransitory (some Asingle and potentially some Apaired spermatogonia), may contribute to the self-renewing pool rather than transition to a progenitor state in response to perturbations of steady-state conditions.
Sex and Genetic Background Influence Superoxide Dismutase (cSOD)-Related Phenotypic Variation inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Lessel Courtney E , Parkes Tony L , Dickinson Joel , Merritt Thomas J S
Published: June 2017

Mutations often have drastically different effects in different genetic backgrounds; understanding a gene’s biological function then requires an understanding of its interaction with genetic diversity. The antioxidant enzyme cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cSOD) catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide radical, a molecule that can induce oxidative stress if its concentration exceeds cellular control. Accordingly, Drosophila melanogaster lacking functional cSOD exhibit a suite of phenotypes including decreased longevity, hypersensitivity to oxidative stress, impaired locomotion, and reduced NADP(H) enzyme activity in males. To date, cSOD-null phenotypes have primarily been characterized using males carrying one allele, cSodn108red, in a single genetic background. We used ANOVA, and the effect size partial eta squared, to partition the amount of variation attributable to cSOD activity, sex, and genetic background across a series of life history, locomotor, and biochemical phenotypes associated with the cSOD-null condition. Overall, the results demonstrate that the cSOD-null syndrome is largely consistent across sex and genetic background, but also significantly influenced by both. The sex-specific effects are particularly striking and our results support the idea that phenotypes cannot be considered to be fully defined if they are examined in limited genetic contexts.
IMPROVING THE RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH URETERAL CONCREMENTS AFTER CONTACT URETEROLITHOTRIPSY
Authors: Solh R. M. , Andrukhin M. I. , Makarov O. V. , Fedchenkov V. V.
Published: June 2017

Purpose. Im proving the results of treatment of patients with ureteral stones and reducing the dam aging effects of contact lithotripsy.

Materials and methods. In this study, 48 patients were examined aged 20 to 63 years. All patients admitted to the urology department with diagnoses: urolithiasis, calculus of the ureter. In all cases contact ureterolithotripsy with stenting of the upper urinary tract were performed. The patients were divided into two groups: main and control. 25 patients (52 .1%) were included into the main group, which in the postoperative period, we used low-level laser therapy (L-therapy). 23 patients were included in a control group (47.9%) who did not receive low-laser therapy. Laboratory tests and ultrasound with Doppler renal blood vessels scan were performed on admission, on the first day after the operation and on the 5-th day of hospitalization. Low-intensity laser therapy was performed within 5 days after contact ureterolithotripsy on projection of placement of stone and kidney projection by series for 5 minutes.

Results. All patients admitted to the hospital, were spared from ureteral stones. In the main group during the treatment with L-therapy a decrease in the level of beta-2 microglobulin to normal was observed. (4.8 ± 0.1 mg/l on the first day. On the 5th day 2 .3 + 0.1 mg/l). In the control group during the treatment without the use of L-therapy, the average level of beta-2 microglobulin decreased but did not reach normal levels. (5.5 ± 0.1 mg/l on the first day. On the 5th day 3,2 ±0, l mg/l).Resistance index in the study group decreased compared to the control. In the control group, cases of acute pyelonephritis were observed. The average hospital stay for patients of the main group (6 days) was less than in the control group (6 .5 + days).

Conclusion. The use of laser therapy in the treatment of patients who did undergo ureterolithotripsy can reduce the length of stay of the patient in the hospital and reduce the risk of acute pyelonephritis in the postoperative period. Also it can reduce the damaging effect of lithotripsy on the renal tissues.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PRINCIPLES OF THERAPY OF A NEUROGENIC HYPERACTIVE URINARY BLADDER IN PATIENTS AFTER CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT
Authors: Shchvartz P. G. , Popov S. V. , Bershadskiy A. V.
Published: June 2017

Neurogenic hyperactiv e bladder in different clinical variations is a characteristic com plication of restorativ e and residual periods of ischemic stroke and an important diagnostic criterion in vascular dementia. Mechanisms of formation of individual symptoms included in this syndrome is due to ischemic damage to cortical, subcortical and brainstem (the nucleus of Barrington) centres of urination and associative areas of the brain, and the functional dissociation of these structures due to demyelination of the Central conductors of the afferent and efferent impulses. As a result of deficit of cerebral effects (such as brake and activating), is a violation of the implementation of the reflexes of urination (including carrying out continence), ongoing spinal (sympathetic, parasympathetic and somatic). The article presents a new concept of formation of the syndrome of hyperactive bladder on the basis of violations of the implementation of the 4 reflexes of urination, which provides the normal retention of urine and are responsible for the accumulation function of the bladder. First we analyzed the main point of application of drugs of anticholinergic and sympathomimetic actions in the reflexes of urination and mechanisms of restoration of function of the lower urinary tract in patients with acute and chronic v ascular diseases of the brain.
POSSIBILITIES OF ORGAN-PRESERVING TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH MULTIPNEOADJUVANT COMBINATION CHEMOTHERAPY IN A PATIENT WITH CERVICAL CANCER IIIB STAGE WITH THE USE OF INTRA-ARTERIAL ADMINISTRATION OF PLATINUM DRUGS
Authors: Rerberg A. G. , Kostin A. A. , Boyko A. V. , Novikova E. G. , Volchenko N. N. , Chulkova O. V. , Demidova L. V. , Khokchrikov G. I. , Sidorov D. Yu. , Gevorkyan A. R.
Published: June 2017

The main treatment for cervical cancer are surgery, radiation and combined (surgery + radiotherapy), the role of chemotherapy in this localization is studied less fully. In recent years the new possibilities of chemotherapy, including neoadjuvant intraarterial chemotherapy, are explored. Theoretical prerequisites for this are the best drug delivery to the tumor by blood vessels, undamaged due to radiation therapy and surgery. This paper describes a clinical case of a patient with primary inoperable cervical cancer. As an alternative to preoperativ e radiotherapy the patient was proposed neoadjuv ant com bination chemotherapy with the use of regional administration of platinum drugs and systemic administration of drugs of taxan series as a stage of preparation for further surgical treatment. According to the prevalence of the tumor process patient underwent 2 courses of neoadjuv ant chemotherapy by a method of superselective intra-arterial administration of cisplatin and paclitaxel intravenously. According to a comprehensive examination after treatment data for the presence of tumor was absent. During the second stage the patient underwent surgical treatment in the volume of nerve-sparing radical hysterectomy with appendages. The next step, according to the histological form of the tumor, stage of disease, was the radiotherapy in the postoperative period on the pelv ic area and routes of lym ph drainage. The patient underwent external beam radiotherapy to the pelvic area of FD = 20 Gr, intracavitary gamma-therapy and external beam radiation on the area of parametrial and lymphopenia FD = 50 Gr.The patient passed the control examinations every 3 months. According to a comprehensive survey a year after the start of treatment — there is no data for the presence of recurrence and spread of tumor process.
ONCOPLASTIC RESECTION OF THE MAMMARY GLAND WITH A SLIDING DERMOGLANDULARY FLAP WITH A Z-SHAPED INCISION
Authors: Rasskazova E. A. , Zikiryakhodzhayev A. D. , Saribekyan E. K.
Published: June 2017

Oncoplastic resections are a radical surgical treatment for breast cancer, as well as a method for the rehabilitation of patients, since operations are classified as organ preserving. When the tumor node is localized in the upper-inner quadrant of the breast, it is difficult to achieve good aesthetic results. One of the solutions to the problem is the use of a sliding flap with a Z-shaped incision. In P. Hertsen MORI from 2014 to 2016, the operation with the use of a sliding flap was performed in 13 patients. The prevalence of the process, patients were distributed as follows: ТisN0 М0–1, Т1N0 М0–7, Т2N0 М0–3, Т1N1 М0–2 .Molecular subtypes distribution was the following — luminal type A— 8, luminal type B — 3, triple-negative subtype — 1 patient. Localization of the tumor site in the breast: the upper-internal quadrant — 9, upper — 1, lowerinner quadrant — 3 .The upper Zshaped flap was used in 10 patients, the lower Zshaped flap in 3 cases. Postoperative period in all patients was without com plications. The wound healed by primary intention in all patients. Cosmetic effect was good. The observation period is from 6 months to 2 years, the median is 1.1 years. Data for local recurrence and distant metastases were not detected. 2 patients had only surgical treatment, in the remaining 8 cases, radiation therapy with or without drug therapy. In all cases the operation is performed on one breast, correction of the second breast was not required.The article presents the clinical observation of patients with oncoplastic resection of the Zshaped flap, a detailed procedure of the operation.
Türkiye Pazarında Yeni Bir Ürün: Kenevir Özütlü Soğuk İçecekler
Authors: Aydoğdu Melike , Döğer Rukiye , Akgür Serap Annette
Published: June 2017

Objective:  Turkey is important tea markets in the world and ice tea is one of the most popular products in the recent years. In this study, we aimed to evaluated ingredients of the substances written on the can of "Cannabis Ice Tea"; which is presented as psychoactive substance cannabis positive.
Materials and Methods:  The drink was analyzed by immunoassay and chromatographic methods whether it contains prohibited substance under the relevant legal regulations. In the immunoassay studies; cannabis, cocaine, amphetamines, synthetic cannabinoids, opiates and benzodiazepine groups were analyzed. Cannabis, amphetamines and derivatives, analgesics/nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), antidepressants, antihypertensives, hypnotics/sedatives, neuroleptics, opiates/opioids and caffeine were analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry.
Results: “Cannabis Ice Tea” was analyzed by immunoassay and parameter results were determined to be negative according to cut off values. The obtained analysis results by chromatographic method; cannabis, amphetamines and derivatives, analgesics/NSAIDs, antidepressants, antihypertensives, hypnotics/sedatives, neuroleptics, opiates/opioids were negative, while caffeine was positive (62 µg/mL).
Discussion and Conclusion: Cannabis Ice Tea, which has a big market in the world and is canceled in our country, sales policy for product named as followed by exaggerated taste and sense descriptions. According to the analytical results; caffeine-containing beverage was not containing any cannabis or another prohibited psychoactive substance, can create a potential incentive effect that suggests the use of cannabis in the subconscious mind with a hemp similar logo on ice. In general hemp plant, known to contain psychoactive substances, is required to increased awareness of the use of visuals in sales and necessary legal arrangements, studies and inspections.
Kişilik Bozukluklarında Tanı Güvenirliği ve Cezai Sorumluluk
Authors: Deniz Derya
Published: June 2017

The most striking aspect of the state power is the "right to punish" and the concept of "punishment" in that notion. The level of punishment is determined by the degree of intent and fault, and the level of the crime committed. The point that psychiatry assisting criminal law is whether or not the “mens rea” has taken place. The concept of "Criminal Responsibility" is clear and obvious for a mental health professional. A diagnosis about an acute or chronic mental illness can be proven in the legal sense. But the question here is not the diagnostic origin. It is to detect the functional reduction in legal or criminal responsibility. Judging from the practice of forensic psychiatry personality disorders - unlike some major mental illnesses - are generally not seen as a phenomenon that dispose criminal responsibility. Of course, criminal behavior is not merely due to personality disorders. Research findings indicate that personality disorders are caused by the interaction of environmental conditions and poorly life experiences as well as genetic vulnerability. Are these genetic factors or other factors reducing the criminal responsibility of a person? What should be discussed here is the functionality of the criteria used in the moral/mental assessment process for criminal responsibility of suspects with personality disorder. From the judicial process point of view, the most important instrument that a psychiatrist has in diagnosis is classification. Although some of them are defined by DSM IV, it is known that none of the personality disorders criteria could be fully settled today. The DSM system does not provide information on dysfunctions caused by partial diseases, so the related diagnoses can not solve judicial problems in legal cases. In such a case, how will it be decided whether the ability to comply with social norms has been reduced by personality disorders?
İki Epileptik Ölüm Olgusunda Postmortem Tanı: Tuberoskleroz Kompleksi
Authors: Ketenci Hüseyin Çetin , Çakır Emel , Demir İbrahim , Beyhun Nazım Ercüment
Published: June 2017

Tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by skin manifestations and formation of multiple benign tumors in different organs such as brain, kidneys, heart, liver, eyes and lungs. Two 15 years old females who had epilepsy for a long time were diagnosed TSC by autopsy performed in Forensic Medicine Institute. In this study, we aim that emphasize the importance of ‘medical autopsy’ to diagnose TSC and discuss this rare disorder which have only epilepsy in patient’s medical history in forensic medicine practice via current literature.
Attachment, Emotion Recognition and Impulsivity: As A Risk of Child Sexual Abuse
Authors: Demirci Esra , Öztop Didem Behice , Özmen Sevgi , Özdemir Çağlar
Published: June 2017

Introduction: It has been reported that certain children are more at risk of sexual abuse: these risks factors are defined as individual, familial, social and institutional factors. Although; data from clinical risks in the literature is limited. In this study, we aimed to determine the clinical risk factors of sexual abuse.
Methods: 22 female and 12 male, sexual abused children and 34 healthy volunteer children were involved in this study. Patients and volunteers were assessed with the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Reading Mind from Eyes Test (RMET) and the UPPS impulsive behavior scale.
Results: There were no significant differences in maternal attachment scores in either group but the paternal attachment scores were statistically significantly lower in the study group. The RMET scores were statistically significantly lower in the study group than in the control group. The UPPS impulsive behavior scale unpersistence subscores were statistically significantly higher in the study group than in the control group.
Conclusion: Sexual abuse is known as the most difficult type of trauma to treat and preventing the risk of identification is of the most importance. Further studies with a large sample are needed to determine the clinical risk factors of sexual abuse.
DE ÁGUAS E DE MEMÓRIAS: CORPOS FEMININOS QUE SE ESCREVEM NA FICÇÃO DE CONCEIÇÃO EVARISTO
Authors: Biziak Jacob Dos Santos
Published: June 2017

Este artigo pretende estabelecer um trabalho de interpretação de um conto de Conceição Evaristo a partir da perspectiva dos estudos de gênero, levando-se em conta, acima de tudo, o conceito de interseccionalidade. Uma vez que a obra da autora caracteriza-se por, em sua ficção, trazer representações de vivências e personagens negras, a problematização de gênero mostrou-se insuficiente para abarcar o processo de textualização dos discursos presentes no conto escolhido como corpus. Dessa maneira, intenta-se analisar o funcionamento discursivo no que tange à construção do corpo feminino negro em sua relação com a memória.
LANGUAGE LEARNING ACROSS THE SCALE: PERSPECTIVES FROM BRAZILIAN ESL STUDENTS
Authors: Da Silva Corrêa Lemos Marília
Published: June 2017

The present work is part of the discussion held by School of Advanced Studies in Language and Society at Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). The aim of this paper is to discuss findings from an ESL study conducted in 2014 once many issues remained unexplored. Findings suggest that students who took part in the research are assuming a dual behaviour towards their learning. On the one hand they show interest and commitment to learning, on the other, they show insecurity and do not seem to be pro-active during class. This issue will be discussed in light of two concepts approached during the course: the notion of Scale discussed by Blommaert (2010) and the notion of Stance present in the work done by Jaffe (2009). Drawing on both concepts, the research context will be understood as affected by participant’s mobility, which allows a perspective that understands learning as influenced by external forces. We suggest that participants assume different stances as language learners, and by doing that, their concept of ‘learning’ assumes a mobile perspective as well. They seem to find their learning effective in a lower scale, positioning themselves as potential learners, whilst this belief is delegitimized when traveled to a higher scale, where they assume a stance of “no significant learner”, therefore showing a dual behaviour.

Keywords: Second Language Learning. Globalization. Stance.