bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Place and Problems of Primary Teaching of Children in the Kyrgyz National Sports Toguz Korgool Game
Authors: Abdykadyr kyzy N.
Published: October 2023

This article discusses pedagogical problems about the place and tasks of primary education of children in the toguz korgool game in the general system of educational and cognitive process. Initially, during the toguz korgool game, primary school children master the basics of mathematical knowledge, allowing them to consciously master them with the help of mathematical operations related to addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, as well as foresight and planning in advance in the mind of subsequent actions for two or more moves ahead. As a result of the systematic teaching of the toguz korgool game to children at the initial stage, the article indicates the instilling in them a number of positive psychological, physical, moral and volitional qualities such as discipline, perseverance, patience, responsibility, logical thinking, anticipating the opponent's pre-planned moves, high endurance and self-control, the development of their cognitive abilities, the formation of educational and cognitive activity as well as many other qualities necessary in the practical life of each student, to a certain extent, this has an impact on the formation of a person’s personality as an individual. The features of the toguz korgool game in the educational and cognitive activities of students are considered.
Using Methods for Developing Critical Thinking in Russian Language Lessons in a Kyrgyz School
Authors: Chepekova G.
Published: October 2023

The article describes the technology of critical thinking in the implementation of the communicative-activity approach in teaching Russian as a second language. The concept of “technology for developing critical thinking” is characterized. The features of such methods of developing critical thinking as the “Venn Diagram” and “Confused Logical Chains” are also revealed. Examples are given from our own teaching experience, which are reflected in the textbook “Russian Language” for the 8th grade of a school with the Kyrgyz language of instruction. The use of methods for developing critical thinking improves the quality of teaching, promotes the development of students’ analytical skills, and activates their speech activity.
Formation of Sociocultural Competence in Russian Language Lessons in Kyrgyz School
Authors: Chepekova G.
Published: October 2023

This article examines the problem of developing sociocultural competence in Russian lessons as a second language. The content of the concept of “sociocultural competence” is determined, and the features of its formation in the process of teaching Russian as a second language are identified. The article provides the requirements of the Subject Standard for the Russian language in schools with Kyrgyz, Uzbek and Tajik languages ​​of instruction for the development of sociocultural competence of students. As an example, it is proposed to develop a lesson for the 8th grade of a school with the Kyrgyz language of instruction on the topic “In the world of legends. Homogeneous parts of the sentence”.
Linguistic-Cultural Features of Kyrgyz Song Discourse: Associative Experiment
Authors: Baigaziev D.
Published: October 2023

The relevance of this study is due to important and insufficiently studied problems associated with song discourse. The lyrics of the song are a deep and mysterious product, which reflects not only the personal experiences and thoughts of the author, but also the peculiarities of the mentality of the culture as a whole. The topic of this work is relevant. To achieve this goal, the following research methods were used in the article: analysis, synthesis, observation, statistical analysis, interpretation and associative experiment. This experiment allows us to identify how song lyrics reflect social, cultural and political trends, what topics and problems are most often found in songs, what genres and styles are most popular among different segments of the population, etc. As a result of the association experiment, it was found that the lyrics are usually poetic and contain romantic and pastoral themes, such as love for nature, homeland and people. In addition, Kyrgyz songs have characteristic melodies and rhythms that reflect the cultural traditions and lifestyle of the Kyrgyz people. Kyrgyz songs are known for their unique linguistic and cultural characteristics, which distinguish them from folk songs of other cultures. One of these features is the use of incredible transitions from one tonal center to another. This creates a special harmony and originality of the melodies of Kyrgyz songs. The words in the songs reflect the centuries-old history of the people and their traditions, such as grazing cattle, national holidays, flower shows, as well as love and friendship. These texts often contain polysemantic words, symbols and images that convey ideas and national traditions. Kyrgyz songs are the wealth of the nation, which reflects the cultural heritage of the Kyrgyz people. They are a striking example of a combination of linguistic and cultural characteristics and are distinguished by their uniqueness and beauty.
Metaphorical Features of the Animated Nature of the Concept Star in Kyrgyz Linguistic Picture of the World
Authors: Naimanova Ch. , Rustemova Zh.
Published: October 2023

The authors delve into an exploration of the multifaceted concept of star within the context of the Kyrgyz linguistic worldview. It discusses the structural elements of this concept, its verbalization, and the identification of metaphorical features that draw parallels with the living world. The focal point of this research is the profound role this concept plays in shaping the inner world of individuals and its significant impact on the preservation and evolution of the Kyrgyz culture. This intricate image of ideas is beautifully woven through the lens of linguistic metaphors used by native speakers, each metaphor providing a window into the Kyrgyz perception of stars. By analyzing these metaphorical representations of the animated nature, the authors aim to answer a pivotal question: How has the concept of the star been actualized and what significance does it hold in the history of the Kyrgyz linguistic worldview?
Status of Inclusive Healthcare Services in Nigeria
Authors: Ajuwon Paul , T Ahon Adaka , Y Stallings Rebecca
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Throughout the world, the number of persons with disabilities (PWDs) is growing exponentially as a result of factors such as population increase, ageing, and medical advances that prolong life. This has increased the demand for quality health services, especially in developing countries.
Aim: The aim of this research is to assess the attitudes towards PWDs of “direct” and “indirect” healthcare service providers at the University College Hospital (UCH) in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methods: The researchers analyzed the open-ended comments from 81 healthcare providers from the hospital, regarding their knowledge and attitudes towards patients with disabilities.
Results: The authors classified the unsolicited comments into three main categories, thus: “institutional-level actions advocated”, “society-level changes advocated”, and “individual-level perception or attitude.”
Conclusion: This project has implications for reform and development of medical services in Nigeria. It identifies specific areas of need to improve the quality of healthcare service pertaining to PWDs and their families, especially in relation to the removal of architectural barriers, the development of positive attitudes, the formulation and implementation of effective legislation, and improved pre- and in-service training of healthcare workers in line with signed domestic and international protocols.
Sheath Blight of Rice: A Review of Host Pathogen Interaction, Management Strategies and Future Prospects
Authors: Ali Waqar , Fahad Aasma , Mehmood Asim , Amin Aqsa , Ullah Saif , Fateh Faisal Sohail , Fayyaz Muhammad
Published: October 2023

This review article delves into the impact, epidemiology, and management of sheath blight disease in rice, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, which is a pernicious pathogen causing severe quality and production losses globally. Rice is a staple crop for almost two-thirds of the world’s population, and sheath blight disease significantly affects rice cultivation in many countries, causing substantial annual losses in grain yield. The article provides comprehensive insight into the biology of the pathogen, including its host range, symptoms, disease cycle, and factors influencing its severity. In particular, the pathogen’s virulence factors and the underlying mechanisms of its pathogenesis are explored in detail. The review also highlights the significant economic implications of sheath blight disease in rice and the consequent impact on food security and the livelihoods of farmers. Various management strategies, including chemical, cultural, and biological control measures, are discussed in this manuscript. These strategies offer potential solutions to mitigate the devastating effects of sheath blight disease on rice crops. In particular, the review emphasizes the importance of integrated pest management strategies that combine multiple control measures, including the use of resistant cultivars, fungicides, and cultural practices, to achieve long-term sustainable management of the disease. The manuscript concludes with recommendations for farmers, researchers, and policymakers working in agriculture sector to combat the disease’s threat and reduce crop losses. The findings of this review article can serve as a valuable resource for stakeholders in the rice production industry to enhance their understanding of sheath blight disease and develop effective management strategies to protect the rice crop's health and yield.
Enhancing Agricultural Sustainability in Pakistan: Addressing Challenges and Seizing Opportunities through Effective Plant Disease Management
Authors: Afzal Amir , Ahmad Aftab , Hassaan Muhammad Ali , Mushtaq Sunbal , Abbas Asad
Published: October 2023

Pakistan’s agricultural sector is essential for the country’s economy, food security, and poverty reduction. However, it faces challenges such as water scarcity, land degradation, low productivity, climate change and infestation of pests and diseases. Addressing these challenges requires targeted interventions such as better soil management practices, improved access to high-quality seeds, and efficient water management practices. Pest and disease management is a crucial component of successful crop production. Effective management involves a range of tactics, including integrated pest and disease management, cultural practices, resistant crop varieties, and proper pesticide use. However, there are concerns about the potential negative impacts of chemical pesticides, highlighting the need for more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives. By combining different control methods and tailoring them to specific situations, farmers can minimize economic losses and improve crop productivity while promoting environmental sustainability and human health. It is important to continue researching and developing new pest and disease management strategies to ensure that farmers have access to the most effective and sustainable practices. Smallholder farmers must be made aware of these practices and provided with education, subsidies, and credit. Implementing these measures can increase productivity, improve incomes, and contribute to the country’s economic development
Comparative assessment of urea, creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen in male and female patients with different age groups of chronic kidney disease in Shaheed Benazir Abad, Sindh
Authors: Sami Haiqa , Tarique Imran , Arain Sehrish , Mughal Rida , Majeed Iqra , Saba Rubia , Rajput Jaweria , Altaf Manahil , Bux Lal
Published: October 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a heterogeneous disorder that affects the structure and function of the kidney. The primary biochemical markers for diagnosis and evaluating stages of CKD include urea (Ur), blood nitrogen urea (BUN), and creatinine (Cr).  In this study, we investigate three biochemical parameters such as Ur, BUN, and Cr levels in CKD patients’ gender-vice with different age groups. Blood samples (n = 300) of males and females were collected from the Biochemistry Lab, Peoples University of Medical and Health Science, Shaheed Benazirabad during the 2023 year. Blood samples (5ml) were collected from the individuals through venipuncture and centrifuged for further analysis. Reagent 1 (2-Oxoglutarate ADP Urease GLDH and NADH) and Reagent 2 (tris), Reagent 1 (Picric acid) and Reagent 2 (Sodium hydroxide) were used for Ur and Cr analysis. Reagent A1 (Sodium salicylate, sodium nitroprusside, phosphate buffer) Reagent A2 (Urease) reagent B (Sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide) reagent S (Glucose/Urea/Creatinine standard) used for BUN. Four age groups were studied in our research for both genders. The highest positive coefficient correlation was shown by Ur and BUN with ‘r’=0.99 in this study. The statistical analysis showed a significantly higher average value of Ur, Cr, and BUN in males comparatively than in females with the age group of 61-80 years old. Whereas in the young age group (1-20 years old), female showed a significantly higher value than in the male sex group. Our study revealed a significant variation of Ur, Cr and BUN in male and female with different age groups, as male possessed higher muscle mass with increased dietary protein intakes than females. These biochemical markers aid in the proper assessment and are used for several routine analyses of CKD with different age groups of genders
Teleworking in Manufacturing: Dealing with the Post-Pandemic COVID-19 Challenge
Authors: Fontaneda Ignacio , Prádanos Yurena , González Alcántara Oscar Jesús , Camino López Miguel Ángel , García Izquierdo Antonio León , Osca Segovia Amparo
Published: October 2023

The quantity of teleworkers had already been rising in various work fields even prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it was not until the pandemic that it spread to other sectors such as the industrial sector. There are still few studies looking at telework’s impact on this important sector. This article is intended to discuss: (1) the extent of teleworking in manufacturing, (2) its adjustment to the industrial sector (challenges and benefits), and (3) its prospects for the future. To this end, 31 in-depth interviews have been conducted with four Plant Managers and seven Human Resource Directors of 11 industrial companies in Burgos (Spain) and surroundings, as well as 20 of their workers. Pre-pandemic teleworking was only active in one of the enterprises and now there are workers that work remotely in 9 out of 11. All interviewees agreed that teleworking will gradually expand. The study shows concerns and challenges when it comes to communication, trust, control, and productivity. It highlights the importance of establishing clear policies on teleworking and how to deal with remuneration, expense reimbursements, and equity between teleworkers and on-site workers. Overall, industrial-sector teleworking has brought positive results in terms of productivity and job satisfaction levels, but it has also resulted in new demands on aspects such as ergonomics, negative habits (food and physical inactivity), communication, and work–life balance.
Optimization of Hot-Air and Microwave Combined Drying Technical Parameters for Extruded Cotton Stalks Based on Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Wang Hongti , Wang Fangyan , Gao Hongwei , Zhai Xinting , Li Peng
Published: October 2023

Drying is an important process of cotton-stalk reconstituted material. The aim of this study was to find the best drying process of extruded cotton stalks by using three drying methods and applying single-factor experiments combined with response surface methodology (RSM). For experimental design, the central composite design approach was used. The hot-air temperature, moisture content at the conversion point, and microwave power were selected as influencing factors; the drying rate and energy consumption per unit precipitation were selected as experimental indexes. The regression equation between each experimental factor and the performance index was established, and the optimization calculation was carried out. The experimental results showed that the optimum drying parameters were as follows: hot-air temperature 95 °C, moisture content at the conversion point 57%, and microwave power 700 W. With these experimental conditions, it was verified that the drying rate was 4.14 kg (100 kg min)−1 and the energy consumption per unit precipitation was 70.89 MJ kg−1, which were 106.7% and 10.4% lower than that of hot-air drying and microwave drying, respectively. The research results will provide a theoretical and technical basis for the large-scale drying process of cotton stalks and the design of drying equipment.
Comparative Analysis of Phospholipase D (PLD) Gene Family in Camelina sativa and Brassica napus and Its Responses in Camelina Seedlings under Salt Stress
Authors: Heidari Parviz , Puresmaeli Fatemeh , Vafaee Yavar , Ahmadizadeh Mostafa , Ensani Mohammadreza , Ahmadinia Haniyeh
Published: October 2023

Phospholipases are among the important elements involved in lipid-dependent cell signaling that lead to the induction of downstream pathways. In the current study, phospholipases D (PLDs) gene family was characterized and compared in two important oilseed crops, Brassica napus and Camelina sativa. The results revealed that PLD has 33 members in Camelina sativa (CsPLD) and 41 members in Brassica napus (BnPLD). All studied PLDs showed a negative GRAVY value, indicating that PLDs are probably hydrophilic proteins. Phylogenetic analysis classified PLDs into five main subfamilies, including gamma, delta, beta, alpha, and zeta. According to evolution analysis, a different evolution process was observed between CsPLD and BnPLD. In addition, the results disclosed that most of the PLD genes have been segmentally duplicated under purifying selection. Cis-regulatory elements related to ABA and auxin responsiveness were found more in the upstream region of CsPLDs, while elements linked with MeJA responsiveness were observed more in the promoter region of BnPLDs. Analysis of the expression data showed that PLD alpha genes have a wide expression in most tissues. Quantitative expression analysis (qPCR) of CsPLD genes under salt stress, 200 mM of NaCl, was conducted in different time series. The results revealed that the CsPLD genes are involved in the response to salinity stress and their expression levels enhance with increasing salinity stress period. The outcomes of this research will be useful for future molecular works related to lipid signaling in oilseed plants.
Synergistic Interaction of Rhizobium tropici, Rhizophagus irregularis and Serendipita indica in Promoting Snap Bean Growth
Authors: Beltayef Hayet , Mechri Mouna , Saidi Wafa , Raza Taqi , Hajri Rim , Othmani Afef , Bouajila Khedija , Cruz Cristina , Hashem Abeer , Abd_Allah Elsayed Fathi , Melki Mongi
Published: October 2023

The overuse of chemical pesticides and fertilizers in crop farming has led to a decrease in crop quality and negative impacts on soil and the environment. It is crucial to adopt alternative strategies to maintain soil and environmental quality while enhancing crop growth and yield. To explore this, a study was conducted under greenhouse conditions to investigate the effect of Rhizobium tropici CIAT 899 alone, as well as in association with mycorrhizae (Rhizophagus irregularis) and endophytic fungus (Serendipita indica), on the growth, yield, and nutrient status of snap bean plants. At harvest, the rhizobial strain CIAT 899 demonstrated the highest effectiveness. It significantly increased the number of nodules in both Contender and Garrafal Enana varieties by 6.97% and 14.81%, respectively, compared with the control without inoculation. Furthermore, the results indicated that co-inoculation of Rhizobium and symbiotic fungi had positive effects on nitrogen content, phosphorus availability, and overall plant growth. Regardless of the variety, plants inoculated with R. tropici CIAT 899 and Serendipita indica exhibited the highest values for plant growth parameters. This combination resulted in 168% and 135% increases in root dry biomass, as well as 140% and 225% increases in the number of pods for Contender and Garrafal Enana, respectively, compared with the control at harvest. Additionally, this study highlights the potential benefits of combining R. tropici with either Serendipita indica or Rhizophagus irregularis in terms of nitrogen and phosphorus uptake. These symbiotic microorganisms demonstrated synergistic interactions with snap bean plants, leading to improved mineral nutrition and enhanced growth. Overall, these findings suggest that utilizing these symbiotic microorganisms can effectively enhance the mineral nutrition and growth of snap bean plants.
Quantitative Associations between Season, Month, and Temperature-Humidity Index with Milk Yield, Composition, Somatic Cell Counts, and Microbial Load: A Comprehensive Study across Ten Dairy Farms over an Annual Cycle
Authors: Bokharaeian Mostafa , Toghdory Abdolhakim , Ghoorchi Taghi , Ghassemi Nejad Jalil , Esfahani Iman Janghorban
Published: October 2023

This current study addresses the knowledge gap regarding the influence of seasons, months, and THI on milk yield, composition, somatic cell counts (SCC), and total bacterial counts (TBC) of dairy farms in northeastern regions of Iran. For this purpose, ten dairy herds were randomly chosen, and daily milk production records were obtained. Milk samples were systematically collected from individual herds upon delivery to the dairy processing facility for subsequent analysis, including fat, protein, solids-not-fat (SNF), pH, SCC, and TBC. The effects of seasons, months, and THI on milk yield, composition, SCC, and TBC were assessed using an analysis of variance. To account for these effects, a mixed-effects model was utilized with a restricted maximum likelihood approach, treating month and THI as fixed factors. Our investigation revealed noteworthy correlations between key milk parameters and seasonal, monthly, and THI variations. Winter showed the highest milk yield, fat, protein, SNF, and pH (p < 0.01), whereas both SCC and TBC reached their lowest values in winter (p < 0.01). The highest values for milk yield, fat, and pH were recorded in January (p < 0.01), while the highest protein and SNF levels were observed in March (p < 0.01). December marked the lowest SCC and TBC values (p < 0.01). Across the THI spectrum, spanning from −3.6 to 37.7, distinct trends were evident. Quadratic regression models accounted for 34.59%, 21.33%, 4.78%, 20.22%, 1.34%, 15.42%, and 13.16% of the variance in milk yield, fat, protein, SNF, pH, SCC, and TBC, respectively. In conclusion, our findings underscore the significant impact of THI on milk production, composition, SCC, and TBC, offering valuable insights for dairy management strategies. In the face of persistent challenges posed by climate change, these results provide crucial guidance for enhancing production efficiency and upholding milk quality standards.
Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of the Comune di Sicilia Goat: Towards the Conservation of an Endangered Local Breed
Authors: Bionda Arianna , Lopreiato Vincenzo , Amato Annalisa , Cortellari Matteo , Cavallo Carmelo , Chiofalo Vincenzo , Crepaldi Paola , Liotta Luigi
Published: October 2023

The Comune di Sicilia, a local goat breed from Sicily (Italy), is currently undergoing recognition as a distinct breed. This study aims to characterize the population both phenotypically and genomically to advance its recognition process. A total of 78 subjects from two locations were enrolled, and their phenotypic data, including qualitative traits and morphometric measurements of adult animals, were recorded and statistically analyzed. The goats were genotyped using the Illumina 50 k Goat SNPchip, comparing them with 473 goats from 15 Italian breeds. Population structure, phylogenetic relationships, admixture, and genomic inbreeding were analyzed. Additionally, subjects with different morphological traits were compared using FST and runs of homozygosity, leading to the identification of potential candidate genes associated with anotia and wattle presence in goats. The Comune di Sicilia breed exhibited distinctive genomic and phenotypic features, setting it apart from other breeds in the same region. However, moderate variability, possibly influenced by selection practices, was also observed. To ensure the breed’s preservation and prevent excessive inbreeding, a comprehensive approach considering both morphology and genomic background is recommended. This study contributes valuable insights into the genetic peculiarities of the Comune di Sicilia goat, supporting its recognition as a unique and valuable breed.
Syntopy between Endangered San Joaquin Kit Foxes and Potential Competitors in an Urban Environment
Authors: Cypher Brian L. , Deatherage Nicole A. , Kelly Erica C. , Westall Tory L.
Published: October 2023

The endangered San Joaquin kit fox (Vulpes macrotis mutica; SJKF) occurs in the city of Bakersfield, CA, where several putative competitors also occur, including domestic cats (Felis catus), striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and opossums (Didephis virginiana). We used data from a multi-year (2015–2022) city-wide camera station survey to assess whether the other species were simply sympatric with SJKF or coexisting syntopically (i.e., occurring in the same habitats without apparent competition). Annual detection rates for the other species were not correlated with SJKF rates either within SJKF habitat suitability categories (low, medium, and high) or for all categories combined. Also, detection rates for the other species did not increase in response to a significant decline in SJKF abundance caused by sarcoptic mange. The use of all SJKF habitat suitability categories by the other species and co-detections with SJKF at camera stations indicate high spatial overlap. Interference and exploitative competition between the species are apparently negligible, likely due to similar body sizes and high resource abundance. Thus, SJKF and the other species appear to be coexisting syntopically in the urban environment, resulting in a significant additional SJKF population that facilitates range-wide conservation and recovery of this endangered species.
Influence of Docosahexaenoic and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ratio and Temperature on the Growth Performance, Fatty Acid Profile, and Liver Morphology of Dusky Grouper (Epinephelus marginatus) (Teleostei: Serranidae) Juveniles
Authors: Oliveira Ethiene Fernandes de , Araújo Bruno Cavalheiro , Marques Victor Hugo , de Mello Paulo Henrique , Moreira Renata Guimarães , Honji Renato Massaaki
Published: October 2023

An 8-week trial was performed to evaluate the influence of docosahexaenoic (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratios and temperature on the fatty acid (FA) metabolism and liver morphology of Epinephelus marginatus. A basal diet was manufactured, and DHA (D1:0.5%; D2:0.75%; D3:1%; and D4:1.5%) and EPA (D1:1.0%; D2:0.75%; D3:0.5%; and D4:0%) levels were added. E. marginatus were kept in twelve tanks with a lower temperature (LT, 23.17 ± 0.12 °C) and twelve with a higher temperature (HT, 28.63 ± 0.06 °C). The DHA/EPA ratio did not affect performance, regardless of the temperature, but the animals fed with the D4 diet showed better growth at HT. A higher lipid deposition and a large lipid vacuole area in the hepatocytes at HT were observed, regardless of the diet. Triacylglycerol (TG) in reflected the diet FA profile mainly in the muscle and liver, whereas the phospholipid (PL) was less influenced by the diet. The same DHA content in the TG fraction of muscle (D3 and D4) were observed at LT; however, only the DHA/EPA ratio of D4 could be differentially stored in the TG fraction of muscle (HT). Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated FA increased in the PL of the eyes at HT, whereas saturated FA was reduced in the TG and PL fractions at LT. These results evidence the importance of temperature and a balanced DHA/EPA ratio in the diet of marine fish.
Changes in Body Reserves, Non-Esterified Fatty Acids, and Leptin during the Reproductive Lifespan of the Rabbit Female
Authors: Peiró Rosa , Argente María-José , García María-Luz
Published: October 2023

The aim of this work is to study changes in body weight, perirenal fat thickness (PFT), and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and leptin concentrations throughout the reproductive life of the rabbit female and their correlations when a semi-intensive reproductive rhythm is applied. A total of 46 lactating females were used. Body weight, PFT, and NEFA and leptin concentration were recorded at 12 weeks of age, at first mating and delivery, and at second, third, and fourth mating, 12th d of gestation, and delivery. The highest body weight was detected on the 12th d of any gestation, around 4280 g, and the lowest weight was at delivery, around 4030 g. PFT increased until third mating. NEFA and leptin concentration showed a cyclical pattern throughout the reproductive lifespan of the females. NEFAs presented the highest concentration at delivery within each reproductive cycle and levels decreased over the course of the deliveries (0.423 mmol/L at first delivery, 0.406 mmol/L at second delivery, 0.371 mmol/L at third delivery, and 0.309 mmol/L at fourth delivery). Similar NEFA concentrations at mating and on the 12th d of gestation were obtained. Leptin showed the highest concentrations at mating within each reproductive cycle. Leptin decreased between mating and delivery in all reproductive cycles and it was close to 1 ng/mL HE. Low or null correlations were shown between body weight, PFT, and NEFA and leptin concentration at mating, 12th d of gestation, and delivery. In conclusion, females are able to maintain a semi-intensive reproductive rhythm across four parities weighing around 4 kg from first mating. Females had an increased perirenal fat thickness until third delivery, and their NEFA concentration was maximum at delivery and leptin concentration was maximum at mating. Body weight, PFT, and NEFA and leptin concentration should be measured during critical moments of reproductive life in order to determine body condition and energy mobilization, due to their low or null correlations.
The Effects of Anthropogenic Disturbances on the Spatiotemporal Patterns of Medium–Large Mammals in Tropical Volcanic Landscapes
Authors: Sulaksono Nurpana , Pudyatmoko Satyawan , Sumardi Sumardi , Wardhana Wahyu , Budiman Arief
Published: October 2023

A comprehensive understanding of the consequences of human interactions with mammals is a critical factor in supporting and conserving species in landscapes dominated by humans, which are increasingly threatened. This study aimed to identify the spatial and temporal interactions between humans and mammals. A non-parametric statistical approach with kernel density was used to detect human–mammal temporal interactions. The species interaction factor (SIF) was applied to calculate the spatial overlap based on the two-species occupancy detection model. The activity patterns of medium mammals were nocturnal, diurnal, and cathemeral. The human–medium mammal pairs with SIF values that were <1 and statistically significant included the human–long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) pair, the human–leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis) pair, and the human–barking deer (Muntiacus muntjac) pair. Based on their SIF values and the high overlap in their activity times, the human–macaque pairings had a high risk of conflict. Barking deer and leopard cats displayed a coexistence with humans via time-sharing activities. Due to temporal niche variations with human activities, the existence of nocturnal mammals was relatively uninterrupted. This study showed that most mammals are able to adapt spatially and temporally to various human activities. Nonetheless, efforts to mitigate human–wildlife conflict must be maintained, particularly in the case of severely endangered species, such as the Sunda pangolin.
Antimicrobial Susceptibility to 27 Drugs and the Molecular Mechanisms of Macrolide, Tetracycline, and Quinolone Resistance in Gemella sp.
Authors: Furugaito Michiko , Arai Yuko , Uzawa Yutaka , Kamisako Toshinori , Ogura Kohei , Okamoto Shigefumi , Kikuchi Ken
Published: October 2023

Gemella is a catalase-negative, facultative anaerobic, Gram-positive coccus that is commensal in humans but can become opportunistic and cause severe infectious diseases, such as infective endocarditis. Few studies have tested the antimicrobial susceptibility of Gemella. We tested its antimicrobial susceptibility to 27 drugs and defined the resistant genes using PCR in 58 Gemella strains, including 52 clinical isolates and six type strains. The type strains and clinical isolates included 22 G. morbillorum, 18 G. haemolysans (GH) group (genetically indistinguishable from G. haemolysans and G. parahaemolysans), 13 G. taiwanensis, three G. sanguinis, and two G. bergeri. No strain was resistant to beta-lactams and vancomycin. In total, 6/22 (27.3%) G. morbillorum strains were erythromycin- and clindamycin-resistant ermB-positive, whereas 4/18 (22.2%) in the GH group, 7/13 (53.8%) G. taiwanensis, and 1/3 (33.3%) of the G. sanguinis strains were erythromycin-non-susceptible mefE- or mefA-positive and clindamycin-susceptible. The MIC90 of minocycline and the ratios of tetM-positive strains varied across the different species—G. morbillorum: 2 µg/mL and 27.3% (6/22); GH group: 8 µg/mL and 27.8% (5/18); G. taiwanensis: 8 µg/mL and 46.2% (6/13), respectively. Levofloxacin resistance was significantly higher in G. taiwanensis (9/13 69.2%) than in G. morbillorum (2/22 9.1%). Levofloxacin resistance was associated with a substitution at serine 83 for leucine, phenylalanine, or tyrosine in GyrA. The mechanisms of resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin differed across Gemella species. In addition, the rate of susceptibility to levofloxacin differed across Gemella sp., and the quinolone resistance mechanism was caused by mutations in GyrA alone.
A Narrative Review of Antibiotic Prescribing Practices in Primary Care Settings in South Africa and Potential Ways Forward to Reduce Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Chigome Audrey , Ramdas Nishana , Skosana Phumzile , Cook Aislinn , Schellack Natalie , Campbell Stephen , Lorenzetti Giulia , Saleem Zikria , Godman Brian , Meyer Johanna C.
Published: October 2023

There are concerns with the current prescribing of antibiotics in both the private and public primary care settings in South Africa. These concerns need to be addressed going forward to reduce rising antimicrobial resistance (AMR) rates in South Africa. Concerns include adherence to current prescribing guidelines. Consequently, there is a need to comprehensively summarise current antibiotic utilization patterns from published studies as well as potential activities to improve prescribing, including indicators and antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). Published studies showed that there was an appreciable prescribing of antibiotics for patients with acute respiratory infections, i.e., 52.9% to 78% or more across the sectors. However, this was not universal, with appreciable adherence to prescribing guidelines in community health centres. Encouragingly, the majority of antibiotics prescribed, albeit often inappropriately, were from the ‘Access’ group of antibiotics in the AWaRe (Access/Watch/Reserve) classification rather than ‘Watch’ antibiotics to limit AMR. Inappropriate prescribing of antibiotics in primary care is not helped by concerns with current knowledge regarding antibiotics, AMR and ASPs among prescribers and patients in primary care. This needs to be addressed going forward. However, studies have shown it is crucial for prescribers to use a language that patients understand when discussing key aspects to enhance appropriate antibiotic use. Recommended activities for the future include improved education for all groups as well as regularly monitoring prescribing against agreed-upon guidelines and indicators.
Molecular Epidemiologic and Geo-Spatial Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Cultured from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections from United States-Born and Immigrant Patients Living in New York City
Authors: Immergluck Lilly Cheng , Lin Xiting , Geng Ruijin , Edelson Mike , Ali Fatima , Li Chaohua , Lin TJ , Khalida Chamanara , Piper-Jenks Nancy , Pardos de la Gandara Maria , de Lencastre Herminia , Tomasz Alexander , Evering Teresa H. , Kost Rhonda G. , Vaughan Roger , Tobin Jonathan N.
Published: October 2023

(1) Background: With increasing international travel and mass population displacement due to war, famine, climate change, and immigration, pathogens, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), can also spread across borders. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) most commonly causes skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), as well as more invasive infections. One clonal strain, S. aureus USA300, originating in the United States, has spread worldwide. We hypothesized that S. aureus USA300 would still be the leading clonal strain among US-born compared to non-US-born residents, even though risk factors for SSTIs may be similar in these two populations (2) Methods: In this study, 421 participants presenting with SSTIs were enrolled from six community health centers (CHCs) in New York City. The prevalence, risk factors, and molecular characteristics for MRSA and specifically clonal strain USA300 were examined in relation to the patients’ self-identified country of birth. (3) Results: Patients born in the US were more likely to have S. aureus SSTIs identified as MRSA USA300. While being male and sharing hygiene products with others were also significant risks for MRSA SSTI, we found exposure to animals, such as owning a pet or working at an animal facility, was specifically associated with risk for SSTIs caused by MRSA USA300. Latin American USA300 variant (LV USA300) was most common in participants born in Latin America. Spatial analysis showed that MRSA USA300 SSTI cases were more clustered together compared to other clonal types either from MRSA or methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) SSTI cases. (4) Conclusions: Immigrants with S. aureus infections have unique risk factors and S. aureus molecular characteristics that may differ from US-born patients. Hence, it is important to identify birthplace in MRSA surveillance and monitoring. Spatial analysis may also capture additional information for surveillance that other methods do not.
Output Feedback Tracking Control for Vessel with Collision-Avoidance and Performance Constraints
Authors: Zhang Benwei , Xia Guoqing
Published: October 2023

This manuscript investigates an output feedback-tracking control problem of a dynamically positioned vessel with an input constraint. The vessel is exposed to model uncertainty and external disturbances. Compared with the existing results, the primary contribution is to develop a switch-control strategy for achieving collision avoidance and performance constraints by using an extended state observer (ESO), a collision-avoidance controller (CAC), a prescribed performance controller, and an auxiliary dynamic system (ADS). The switch control strategy combined two different controllers, and an extended state observer (ESO) is designed. The ESO is employed to recover velocity information as well as unknown model uncertainty and external disturbances. A collision-risk-analysis module is introduced to evaluate whether there exists a risk of collision avoidance. Based on the analysis, the CASC can choose between a CAC and a PPC. An ADS is constructed to handle the input constraints. The CAC is employed by using an artificial potential function, the ADS, and the ESO. The PPC is designed based on an error constraint function, the ADS, and the ESO. The stability of the closed-loop control system is analyzed based on the Lyapunov direct method. Simulations prove the effectiveness of the presented control strategy.
Soft, Rigid, and Hybrid Robotic Exoskeletons for Hand Rehabilitation: Roadmap with Impairment-Oriented Rationale for Devices Design and Selection
Authors: Achilli Gabriele Maria , Amici Cinzia , Dragusanu Mihai , Gobbo Massimiliano , Logozzo Silvia , Malvezzi Monica , Tiboni Monica , Valigi Maria Cristina
Published: October 2023

In recent decades, extensive attention has been paid to the study and development of robotic devices specifically designed for hand rehabilitation. Accordingly, a many concepts concerning rigid, soft, and hybrid types have emerged in the literature, with significant ongoing activity being directed towards the development of new solutions. In this context, the paper focuses on the technical features of devices conceived for the robotic rehabilitation of the hand with reference to the three kinds of exoskeleton architecture and the clinical requirements demanded by the target impairment of the end-user. The work proposes a roadmap (i) for both the design and selection of exoskeletons for hand rehabilitation, (ii) to discriminate among the peculiarities of soft, rigid, and hybrid devices, and (iii) with an impairment-oriented rationale. The clinical requirements expected for an exoskeleton are identified by applying a PICO-inspired approach focused on the impairment analysis; the technical features are extracted from a proposed design process for exoskeletons combined with a narrative literature review. A cross-analysis between device families and features is presented to provide a supporting tool for both the design and selection of exoskeletons according to an impairment-oriented rationale.
Ustilago maydis Yeast Mutant Produces Cytosolic Melanin by Tyrosine-Tyrosinase Activity with Stain Biosorption Capability
Authors: Martínez-López Cinthya , Vázquez-Carrada Melissa , Flores-Herrera Oscar , Pardo Juan Pablo , Olicón-Hernández Dario Rafael , Guerra-Sánchez Guadalupe
Published: October 2023

Ustilago maydis is a biotrophic basidiomycete fungus that infects corn plants and works as an excellent phytopathogen model, facilitating numerous genetic transformations for studying the mechanisms of plant infection. A random mutation event in the mutant strains designed to investigate the physiological significance of two plasma membrane proton-ATPases in this model resulted in a pigmented phenotype strain. For this study, the FB2 strain and the ΔPMA1 mutant were chosen to assess the pigment, which was confirmed as melanin through thin-layer chromatography, UV, and IR spectrophotometry. The melanin was observed to accumulate in the cytosol, as evident from scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and did not interfere with normal cell growth in yeast extract peptone dextrose media or minimal media. Notably, the mutant exhibited a 25% higher melanin yield compared to wild-type cells. To analyze the melanin synthesis, the tyrosinase activity was measured in a phosphate buffer at pH 6.5. The enzyme demonstrated greater activity with tyrosine as a substrate than with L-3,4 dihydroxyphenylalanine, maintaining the same trend in ion preference. Both FB2 and ΔPMA1 mutant cells were subjected to biosorption experiments, revealing that the mutants with an excess of cytosolic melanin were capable of removing at least 50 ppm of methylene blue. In conclusion, U. maydis can accumulate melanin in the cytosol without adverse physiological effects and this presents biotechnological potential for dye removal.
Human-Robot Collaboration: An Augmented Reality Toolkit for Bi-Directional Interaction
Authors: Carriero Graziano , Calzone Nicolas , Sileo Monica , Pierri Francesco , Caccavale Fabrizio , Mozzillo Rocco
Published: October 2023

This work proposes an Augmented Reality (AR) application designed for HoloLens 2 which allows human operators, without particular experience or knowledge of robotics, to easily interact with collaborative robots. Building on the application presented in a previous work of the authors, the novel contributions are focused on a bi-directional interaction that manages the exchange of data from the robot to the human operator and, in the meantime, the flow of commands in the opposite direction. More in detail, the application includes the reading of the robot state, in terms of joint positions, velocities and torques, the visualization of the workspace and the generation and manipulation of the end-effector trajectory by directly moving a set of way-points displayed in the AR environment. Finally, the trajectory feasibility is verified and notified to the user by taking into account the workspace limits. A usability study of the AR platform has been conducted involving 45 participants with different ages and expertise in robot programming and Extended Reality (XR) platforms, comparing two programming methods: a classical kinesthetic teaching interface, provided by the Franka Emika Panda cobot, and the presented AR platform. Participants have reported the effectiveness of the proposed platform, experiencing less physical demand and higher intuitiveness and usability.
Application of a Pre-Trained CNN Model for Fault Interpretation in the Structurally Complex Browse Basin, Australia
Authors: Islam Md Mahmodul , Babikir Ismailalwali , Elsaadany Mohamed , Elkurdy Sami , Siddiqui Numair A. , Akinyemi Oluwaseun Daniel
Published: October 2023

Fault detection is an important step in subsurface interpretation and reservoir characterization from 3D seismic images. Due to the numerous and complex fault structures in seismic images, manual seismic interpretation is time-consuming and requires intensive work. We applied a pre-trained CNN model to predict faults from the 3D seismic volume of the Poseidon field in the Browse Basin, Australia. This field is highly structured with complex normal faulting throughout the targeted Plover Formations. Our motivation for this work is to compare machine-learning-based fault prediction to user-interpreted fault identification supported by seismic variance attributes. We found reasonably satisfactory results using CNN with an improved fault probability volume that outperforms variance technology. Therefore, we propose that this workflow could reduce time and be able to predict faults quite accurately in most structurally complex areas.
Target Localization and Grasping of Parallel Robots with Multi-Vision Based on Improved RANSAC Algorithm
Authors: Gao Ruizhen , Li Yang , Liu Zhiqiang , Zhang Shuai
Published: October 2023

Some traditional robots are based on offline programming reciprocal motion, and with the continuous upgrades in vision technology, more and more tasks are being replaced with machine vision. At present, the main method of target recognition used in palletizers is the traditional SURF algorithm, but this method of grasping leads to low accuracy due to the influence of too many mis-matched points. Due to the accuracy of robot target localization with binocular-based vision being low, an improved random sampling consistency algorithm for performing complete parallel robot target localization and grasping under the guidance of multi-vision is proposed. Firstly, the improved RANSAC algorithm, based on the SURF algorithm, was created based on the SURF algorithm; next, the parallax gradient method was applied to iterate the matched point pairs several times to further optimize the data; then, the 3D reconstruction was completed using the improved algorithm via the program technique; finally, the obtained data were input into the robot arm, and the camera’s internal and external parameters were obtained using the calibration method so that the robot could accurately locate and grasp objects. The experiments show that the improved algorithm shows better recognition accuracy and grasping success with the multi-vision approach.