bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health expectancy indicators: what do they measure?
Authors: Lego Vanessa di
Published: December 2021

Abstract Background Health expectancy indicators aim at capturing the quality dimension of total life expectancy.; however, the underlying approach, definition of health, and information source differ considerably among the indicators available. Objective (1) Review the main concepts and approaches used to estimate health expectancy focusing on two widely used European health indicators: Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy (HALE) and Healthy Life Years (HLY); (2) identify underlying differences between the results yielded by these two indicators. Method Statistical differences between the HALE and HLY indicators by sex at ages 50, 60, and 70 were tested using pairwise and global Student´s t-tests and z-scores based on standard deviation. Data for 29 European countries were collected from the European Health Expectancy Monitoring Unit (EHEMU) information system and the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 (GBD 2016). Results The HALE indicator estimates were smoother across European countries compared with those of the HLY indicator, present a narrower sex gap in morbidity, higher z-scores compared with the average distribution across Europe, and results less sensitive to cross-national variations. Conclusion The HALE estimates indicate that morbidity is more compressed for both sexes, whereas the HLY estimates suggest that morbidity is more compressed for males but more expanded for females. These contrasting results demonstrate that health expectancy indicators should be interpreted with caution.
Health perception, health conditions, and smoking cessation in Brazil
Authors: Muzi Camila Drumond , Figueiredo Valeska Carvalho , Luiz Ronir Raggio
Published: December 2021

Abstract Background Smoking cessation is strongly associated with motivational factors. It is possible that individuals who have successfully stopped smoking have different conditions and judgments about their own health. Objective To evaluate the relationship between tobacco-related diseases, health perception, and successful smoking cessation in Brazil. Method Cross-sectional observational study using data from the 2013 National Health Survey (PNS - 2013). Sociodemographic and health-related variables were considered in this study. Logistic regression modeling was carried out considering smoking cessation as outcome. Results Successful smoking cessation attempt was associated with age (OR=2.9, p=0.004), marital status (OR=1.69, p<0.001), level of education (OR=1.34, p<0.001), socioeconomic status (OR=1.58, p<0.001), census status (OR=1.07; p<0.001), access to pro-tobacco advertising (OR=1.74, p<0.001), anti-tobacco campaigns (OR=3.30; p<0.001) and, in particular, living with other smokers (OR=9.65; p<0.001). Conclusion Knowledge about sociodemographic and census status variables is relevant to the assessment of future specific health promotion policies.
Rubiadin exerts an acute and chronic anti-inflammatory effect in rodents
Authors: Chitsaz Romina , Zarezadeh Atefeh , Asgarpanah Jinous , Najafizadeh Parvaneh , Mousavi Zahra
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Rubiadin is identified as a bioactive anthraquinone that exists in some quinone rich plants. The current research was carried out to evaluate the potential anti-inflammatory impact of Rubiadin in acute and chronic inflammation test models in rodents. The anti-inflammatory activity of Rubiadin was examined in cotton pellet-induced granuloma and carrageenan-induced edema as chronic and acute inflammation models in rats. TNF-α level and histopathological changes were assessed using sampled foot tissue of rat in the acute model. Also, the IL-1β level was assessed in the chronic model. One-way ANOVA (post hoc Tukey’s) analysis was used for comparing the groups. Rubiadin (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) induced a significant reduction in TNF α level and the paw edema compared to the control group in carrageenan test. Also, it was observed that the anti-inflammatory activity of Rubiadin (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) is comparable to mefenamic acid (30 mg/kg, i.p.) as the standard drug. Rubiadin was effective in granuloma induced by cotton pellet concerning the granuloma and transudate formation amount. Rubiadin’s anti-inflammatory effects were associated with a significant IL-1β decrease in this model. The results suggest that Rubiadin as a natural compound can possess significant peripheral anti-inflammatory impacts.
Alterations in APC, BECN1, and TP53 gene expression levels in colon cancer cells caused by monosodium glutamate
Authors: Al Hargan A. , Daghestani M. H. , Harrath A. H.
Published: December 2021

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a disease with high incidence worldwide. As of 2018, it is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in the world. In Saudi Arabia, the incidence of this disease has been increasing in the younger population. Both genetic and lifestyle factors may have contributed to its increased incidence and pathogenesis. Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food flavor enhancer that can be found in many commercial foods, and it can sometimes be used as a substitute to table salt. MSG has been investigated for its possible genotoxicity, yielding controversial results. In the present study, the effect of MSG on cell viability and its effect on expression of APC, BECN1, and TP53 genes in SW620 and SW480 colon cancer cell lines were studied. TP53 is a tumor suppressor gene that functions in modifying DNA errors and/or inducing apoptosis of damaged cells, and both APC and BECN1 genes are involved in CRC and are of importance in cellular growth and metastasis. Cancer cell viability was analyzed using MTT assay, and the results showed a significant increase in the number of viable cells after 24 h of treatment with MSG with different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 10, 50, and 100mM). Moreover, gene expression results showed a significant increase in the expression levels of APC and BECN1 under specified conditions in both cell lines; conversely, TP53 showed a significant decrease in expression in SW620 cells. Thus, it can be concluded that MSG possibly confers a pro-proliferative effect on CRC cells.
Biomonitoring of air quality in the Bodoquena microregion, Mato Grosso Do Sul: mutagenic and morphoanatomical alterations in Tradescantia pallida (rose) D.R. Hunt var. purpurea
Authors: Salgueiro S. A. M. , Rocha A. N. , Mauad J. R. C. , Silva C. A. M. , Mussury R. M.
Published: December 2021

Abstract The objective of this study was to assess air quality in relation to vehicular traffic flow in cities located at different elevations in the Bodoquena microregion, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. To do so, a micronucleus test was carried out using the TRAD-MCN bioassay on young Tradescantia buds collected from February to November 2018 in seven cities of the microregion with different traffic flow intensities. Meteorological parameters were evaluated, and vehicular traffic was counted to determine traffic flow in each city. With data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) and processing in Esri ArcGIS® software version 10.5.1, the regions was mapped based on an Elevation Model. Morphoanatomical analyses were performed according to standard methodology. Measurements were taken of thickness, length and width of tissues and structures, including the upper and lower cuticle, upper and lower epidermis, hypodermis and mesophyll. The greatest traffic flow was found in the cities of Bodoquena, Guia Lopes da Laguna, Jardim, and Porto Murtinho, with the period from 5:00 to 6:00 p.m. showing the highest traffic flow. The greatest frequency of mutagenic alterations was found in the city of Guia Lopes da Laguna, although the results did not differ significantly from Bonito, Caracol, and Jardim. Throughout the biomonitoring, the summer and autumn seasons showed the greatest micronuclei frequencies in all evaluated cities. Variations in the tissue/structure thickness was observed across cities and seasons, but with a decrease in thickness during autumn. In general, the tissues/structures were smaller for the cities of Nioaque and Porto Murtinho, while the anatomical and morphological characteristics of leaf length and thickness showed no differences among cities. We found limited correlation between micronuclei frequency and traffic flow, supporting the hypothesis that although mutagenic alterations are observed in T. pallida, in this microregion the changes are numerically lower when compared to other regions of the state. In light of the genotoxic and morphoanatomical factors assessed herein, the Bodoquena microregion appears to be well preserved in terms of air quality, presenting low micronuclei frequency and a limited reduction in tissues and leaf structures, regardless of the season.
Anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects of a methanolic extract of Debregeasia salicifolia in Alloxan-induced diabetic albino mice
Authors: Khan B. , Ullah A. , Khan M.A. , Amin A. , Iqbal M. , Khan S. , Ateeq M. , Aman K. , Aziz A. , Khattak M. N. K. , Nadeem T. , Munir N. , Khan S. , Ali Q.
Published: December 2021

Abstract Diabetes mellitus (DM), an endocrine syndrome characterized by high blood glucose levels due to abrogated insulin activity. The existing treatments for DM have side effects and varying degrees of efficacy. Therefore, it is paramount that novel approaches be developed to enhance the management of DM. Therapeutic plants have been accredited as having comparatively high efficacy with fewer adverse effects. The current study aims to elucidate the phytochemical profile, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-diabetic effects of methanolic extract D. salicifolia (leaves) in Alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Alloxan was injected intraperitoneally (150 mg kg-1, b.w), to induced diabetes in mice. The mice were divided into three groups (n=10). Group 1 (normal control) received normal food and purified water, Group II (diabetic control) received regular feed and clean water and group III (diabetic treated) received a methanolic extract of the plant (300 mg kg-1) for 28 days with a typical diet and clean water throughout the experiment. Blood samples were collected to checked serum glucose and concentration of LDL, TC, TG. The extract demonstrated significant antihyperglycemic activity (P<0.05), whereas improvements in mice's body weight and lipid profiles were observed after treatment with the extract. This study establishes that the extract has high efficacy with comparatively less toxicity that can be used for DM management.
Recurrence of hepatitis C virus after treatment with pegylated interferon and direct acting antivirals in Punjab Pakistan
Authors: Raza M. N. , Sughra K. , Zeeshan N. , Anwar M. Z. , Shahzad M. A. , Rashid U. , Afroz A. , Munir H.
Published: December 2021

Abstract Although increased response rates concomitant in hepatitis C virus but relapse after treatment is threatened. Therefore, it is terrible requirement to evaluate the response of Pegylated interferon and direct acting antivirals in Punjab Pakistan. The study was conducted to find the rate of recurrence of HCV infection after treatment with Pegylated Interferon and Direct Acting Antivirals in Punjab Pakistan. This study was conducted at Department of Pathology, Nawaz Sharif Medical College Gujrat, while treatment effects monitored in different Government and Private Hospitals of Punjab, Pakistan. Total 973 patients who administered the recommended dose and divided in two groups (i) Interferon based therapy (ii) direct acting antivirals (DAAs).Other parameters like ALT and viral load studied. The rate of recurrence was higher in female infected with genotype 2b and in male with mixed genotype 3a/2b after six month of antiviral therapy. Genotype 3a showed significant response to therapy after three month. 32 among 374 (8.5%) were positive after 24 weeks of treatment with interferon, 29 (7.7%) patients have same genotype while 3 patients were re-infected with different HCV strains. With DAAs, only 27 (4.8%) patients were positive among 558 after 2 weeks and one patient re-infected with different genotype. Early and sustained virological response noted in DAAs. ALT and viral load decreased faster with DAAs that not achieved after 4 weeks with pegylated interferon. Sustained virological response appears in DAAs and recurrence rate is high in interferon therapy compared to DAAs. Therefore, reinfection has implications for correct treatment efficiency and to select strategies for retreatment cases.
Synergistic impact of α-linolenic acid and α-tocopherol on in vitro maturation and culture of buffalo oocytes
Authors: Azam A. , Ejaz R. , Qadeer S. , Irum S. , Ul-Husna A. , Ullah S. , Shahzad Q. , Akhtar T. , Akhter S.
Published: December 2021

Abstract The objective of the current study was to investigate the synergistic impact of α-Tocopherol and α-Linolenic acid (100 µM) on IVM and IVC of Nili Ravi buffalo oocytes. Oocytes were obtained from the ovaries of slaughtered buffaloes within two hours after slaughter and brought to laboratory. Buffalo cumulus oocyte complexes were placed randomly in the five experimental groups included; GROUP 1: Maturation media (MM) + 100 µM ALA (control), GROUP 2: MM + 100 µM ALA + 50μM α-Tocopherol, GROUP 3: MM + 100 µM ALA + 100μM α-Tocopherol, GROUP 4: MM + 100 µM ALA + 200 μM α-Tocopherol and GROUP 5: MM + 100 µM ALA + 300 μM α-Tocopherol under an atmosphere of 5% CO2 in air at 38.5 °C for 22-24 h. Cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation status was determined (Experiment 1). In experiment 2, oocytes were matured as in experiment 1. The matured oocytes were then fertilized in Tyrode’s Albumin Lactate Pyruvate (TALP) medium for about 20 h and cultured in synthetic oviductal fluid (SOF) medium to determine effect of α-Linolenic acid (100 µM) and α-Tocopherol in IVM medium on IVC of presumptive zygotes. To study the effect of α-Linolenic acid (100 µM) in IVM media and increasing concentration of α-tocopherol in the culture media on early embryo development (Experiment 3), the presumptive zygotes were randomly distributed into the five experimental groups with increasing concentration of α-tocopherol in culture media. Higher percentage of MII stage oocytes in experiment 1(65.2±2.0), embryos at morula stage in experiment 2 (30.4±1.5) and experiment 3 (22.2±2.0) were obtained. However, overall results for cumulus cell expansion, maturation of oocyte to MII stage and subsequent embryo development among treatments remain statistically similar (P > 0.05). Supplementation of α-tocopherol in maturation media having α-Linolenic acid and/or in embryo culture media did not further enhance in vitro maturation of oocyte or embryo production.
O direito ao aborto em caso de anencefalia: uma análise antropológica do julgamento da ADPF 54 pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Luna Naara
Published: December 2021

Resumo O artigo analisa os votos dos ministros e o debate do plenário no julgamento da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental 54 (ADPF 54) realizado no Supremo Tribunal Federal, nos dias 11 e 12 de abril de 2012, que discutiu a autorização para aborto em caso de gestação de feto anencefálico, chamada de “antecipação terapêutica do parto”. O julgamento constitui parte da controvérsia sobre o direito ao aborto na sociedade brasileira. Sua análise revela que as diferentes posições no debate, na defesa do direito do feto anencefálico à vida, ou na direção da autonomia reprodutiva das mulheres, estão ancoradas na configuração individualista de valores.
Autistic children and adolescents and their parents: being and having meals together
Authors: OLIVEIRA Bruna Muratti Ferraz de , FRUTUOSO Maria Fernanda Petroli
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Objective his study analyzed collective activities, involving eating with autistic children and adolescents, their families and professionals and included walks to street-food markets, picnics and participating in Festa Junina, aiming at investigating feeding in the perspective of commensality. Methods Ethnographic research carried out, based on participant observation during a walk to the street-food market, picnic and Festa Junina, conducted with 19 children and 13 adolescents of an Institution for autistic people. The data recorded were analyzed within the phenomenology framework. Results The activities showed the interaction of autistic children/adolescents with space, people and food, revealing the way autistic people relate, belong and position themselves. The investigators highlighted commensality, emphasizing food as a mediator of relationships, considering a scenario that may present contradictions and power relationships, and allows new possibilities of being together with this audience, outside home and beyond therapeutic care. Conclusion Staying and eating in a group influences the autistic child/adolescent and the activities were configured as an invitation to shared meals, with unexpected behaviors that went beyond institutional therapeutic purposes.
Factors affecting food addiction in adult women: the effect of depression, body mass index, and body image
Authors: YEŞILKAYA Burcu , ATES OZCAN Burcu
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Objective Food addiction, an increasingly prevalent disorder, involves multiple physiological and psychological factors. It is often associated with obesity and psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to determine the main factors affecting food addiction in women. Methods In total, 383 adult women were evaluated using an anamnesis form to record participant demographic information and anthropometric measurements, along with the Yale Food Addiction Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, and body perception scale. We created a model according to Beck Depression Inventory, body mass index, age, body perception scale, and marital status, which were thought to influence Yale Food Addiction Scale. Results Mean participant age was 30.13±10.84 years. Food addiction scores of the participants showed significant positive correlations with body weight, body mass index, and depression scores, and significant negative correlations with the body perception scale scores (p<0.05). The results revealed that the Yale Food Addiction Scale score is affected by the Beck Depression Inventory and body mass index. Increase in Beck Depression Inventory and body mass index increased the Yale Food Addiction Scale score by 0.054 and 0.076 units, respectively. Conclusion The main factors affecting emotional eating in women are coexistence of high scores of depression and high body mass index. It is determined that people can have depression, food addiction and obesity at the same time.
Skeletal changes produced by cervical and parietal headgears: a cephalometric evaluation
Authors: ROSA Anderson Jaña , VILELLA Oswaldo de Vasconcellos
Published: December 2021

Abstract Introduction Extraoral strength is the most common strategy to correct Angle Class II malocclusion, restricting and redirecting the maxillary growth. Objective To evaluate the skeletal changes resulting from the use of headgear, with cervical and parietal anchorages, associated with a full fixed orthodontic appliance, in growing patients with Class II malocclusion (Angle) treated in the clinic of an orthodontic training center. Material and method The ages at the beginning and end of the treatment, anchorage type, and the values of some cephalometric variables were obtained from the clinical files. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 56 patient files were selected. Then, the sample was divided into two groups, according to the anchorage type: cervical (n=30) and parietal (n=26). The differences between the initial (T1) and final (T2) values of cephalometric measurements SNA, SNB, ANB, AO-BO, GoGn.SN and LHF (percentage of lower facial height to total facial height) were evaluated in both groups. Result Significant differences between T1 and T2 were found relative to SNB and ANB variables in both groups. The AO-BO variable presented a statistically significant difference only in the cervical group. The remaining variables did not show significant differences between T1 and T2. Conclusion The skeletal changes resulting from the use of cervical or parietal anchorage were very similar. There was a decrease in the sagittal discrepancy between the maxillary bones due to forward displacement of the mandible, without significant vertical changes.
Associação de condições socioeconômicas, saúde bucal, hábitos orais e má oclusão com o desempenho escolar de escolares de 5 anos
Authors: MARCANTONIO Camila Chierici , FABRICIO Egle Maria , BERNARDINO Lavinia Prado , PESSOA Marília Narducci , MARCANTONIO Eloisa
Published: December 2021

Resumo Introdução Problemas de origem dentária podem ocasionar um forte impacto em aspectos funcionais, emocionais e sociais das crianças, comprometendo-as em âmbito escolar, na aprendizagem e no seu desenvolvimento fisiológico. Objetivo Analisar as associações entre as variáveis de condições socioeconômicas, saúde bucal, hábitos e má oclusão com o desempenho escolar das crianças de cinco anos. Material e método A amostra consistiu em 753 crianças matriculadas em escolas públicas da cidade de Araraquara-SP. Foram realizados exames bucais para avaliar a presença de cárie dentária e má oclusão. Foram analisados, também, hábitos de sucção e bruxismo, condição socioeconômica e a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal. Os dados foram avaliados pelas análises descritivas e por modelos de regressão logística, simples e múltiplo (p≤0,05). Foram estimados os Odds Ratios, com intervalos de 95% de confiança. Resultado Apresentaram chances de ter pior desempenho escolar: crianças de famílias com menores rendas (1,76 vez), crianças que apresentaram piores condições de saúde bucal (1,93 vez), crianças que apresentaram um comportamento deficiente em relação à higiene oral (6,6 vezes) e crianças do sexo masculino (1,48 vez). Não houve evidências de associação entre as variáveis de saúde bucal, má oclusão e de hábitos orais deletérios com o desempenho escolar percebido pelos responsáveis. Conclusão Crianças de famílias com menores rendas, que recebem ajuda financeira do governo, com pior avaliação da saúde bucal e higiene oral, do sexo masculino e que são cuidadas por pessoas que não os pais apresentaram maior chance de ter o desempenho escolar comprometido.
Effect of Amazonian tree species on soil and pasture quality in silvopastoral systems
Authors: OLIVAL Alexandre de Azevedo , SOUZA Saulo Eduardo Xavier Franco de , MORAES Jozivaldo Prudêncio Gomes de , CAMPANA Mariana
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT With the expansion of livestock in the Amazon region, a high percentage of pasture areas are degraded and unproductive. Novel strategies are needed, including the use of native tree species, to simultaneously achieve economic and ecosystem benefits. This study aimed at assessing the effects of five multipurpose native tree species on soil fertility and forage quality of Urochloa brizantha pastures in the southern Amazon. Soil and forage samples were collected under the crown and adjacent to 25 isolated trees belonging to five species during a dry and a rainy season. The presence of native trees positively affected the level of potassium, calcium and manganese in the soil, as well as the mineral matter and crude protein of the forage, especially in the dry season, suggesting a protective effect against the seasonal drought. The tree species had variable effects on soil fertility and forage quality. Soil under Apeiba tibourbou had higher potassium levels, while the forage under Handroanthus serratifolius had higher protein and fiber content. Our results indicate that it is important to diversify silvopastoral systems in the Amazon through the use of native tree species, contributing to the design of novel silvopastoral strategies in the region. Common multipurpose tree species with widespread natural distribution could be used as a complementary aspect of pasture management to provide a protective effect against drought, contribute to enhanced nutrient cycling and even increase forage quality.
Chico Mendes Lives: Amazon women in defense of life
Authors: Mendes Angela , Santos Claudelice , Moraes Edel , Guajajara Sônia Bone
Published: December 2021

Abstract This narrative is the result of the round of talks “Chico Mendes Vive”, held during the III Latin American Congress of Political Ecology. It is a living experience of four Amazonian women, Angela Mendes, Claudelice Santos, Edel Moraes and Sônia Guajajara, whose speeches emerge from the experience of indigenous, black, cabocla, agro-extractivist women, who make of their lives a struggle in defense of Mother Earth and of the “common good”, which aggregates, welcomes and feeds all the other forms of being in the universe. This narrative expresses the continuity of the re-existence of native and indigenous peoples, the reconnection of the peoples of the forest, water and countryside, through the legacy left by Chico Mendes, a son of the Amazon, who was assassinated for defending and fighting for life.
Comunicação, Consumo e Educação: alfabetização midiática para cidadania
Authors: Spinelli Egle Müller
Published: December 2021

Resumo Este artigo propõe uma reflexão sobre o potencial de alfabetização midiática presente nos âmbitos do acesso, da avaliação e da criação, para a formação de senso crítico e reflexivo que promova a atuação autônoma no exercício da liberdade e cidadania. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre alfabetização midiática, comunicação, consumo e educação, propõe-se a compilação de parâmetros teóricos e metodológicos que auxiliem na composição de indicadores de competências midiáticas para a constituição de uma identidade cidadã e participativa, que possam ser explorados em projetos e pesquisas que envolvam alfabetização midiática, tanto na educação formal como informal.
The decision to be a physician: a Brazil-Portugal multicultural study
Authors: Cunha Silvia de Melo , Catrib Ana Maria Fontenelle , Brilhante Aline Veras Morais , Feitosa Elaine Saraiva , Ferreira Maria Amélia Duarte
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Introduction: The definition of a professional career represents the adolescent’s first major decision and, in general, it occurs in a context of indecision, conflicts and transformations, typical of this stage of life. Objective: To understand the motivations that lead adolescents to choose a medical career in Brazil and in Portugal. Method: Exploratory study with a qualitative approach, which used open interviews. The participants were 17 Portuguese and 14 Brazilian freshman medical students attending a public university in the north of Portugal and a private university in the northeast of Brazil in 2018. Bardin’s Content Analysis was used for the analysis and interpretation of the speeches, using the thematic modality. Result: Two thematic modalities were identified: intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and six cores of meaning: willingness to help others, natural tendency, Medicine as a science, interest in research, influence of models, professional stability/social status. Conclusion: Adolescent freshman medical students in Brazil and Portugal showed similar motivations for their professional choice. Intrinsic motivations predominated and the willingness to help others was the most frequent reason for choosing the medical course in both countries.
Factors determining the structure of fish assemblages in Tarumã River, Jaru Biological Reserve, Machado River drainage, northern Brazil
Authors: Costa Igor D. , Nunes Natalia N. Santos , Freitas Carlos E. C.
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Few studies on fish assemblages and relations with environmental factors in aquatic systems in southeastern Amazonia have been carried out when compared to other areas in the Amazon. Therefore, which are the main environmental variables and processes responsible for structuring them remains unknown. We hypothesized that fish assemblages respond the variation in the physical-chemistry variables between seasons of the hydrological cycle in a pristine river in the Amazon. The study was performed on fish assemblages of the Tarumã River, Jaru Biological Reserve, Rondônia. Samplings were carried out in five sites along the river in March and September, 2015, which included fish collection and environmental data measurements. Principal component analysis was performed to ordinate the sites in high water and low water seasons, according to environmental variables. We used a similarity analysis in order to identify the individual contribution of species in hydrological period and a partial redundancy analysis for quantify the relative importance of environmental variables in the species composition. As predicted by our hypothesis, the species composition was influenced by dissolved oxygen and temperature. Myloplus rubripinnis, Serrasalmus compressus, and S. rhombeus were the most abundant during high water, while S. rhombeus, Myloplus lobatus, Prochilodus nigricans, and Hydrolycus armatus were the dominant species during the low water.
Genetic diversity assessment for the vulnerable migratory cownose ray Rhinoptera bonasus (Myliobatiformes: Rhinopteridae) from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Souza Bruno C. , Cruz Vanessa P. , Almeida Talita R. A. , Sales João Bráullio L. , Rodrigues-Filho Luís Fernando S. , Vianna Marcelo , Rotundo Matheus M. , Oliveira Claudio , Foresti Fausto
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Rhinoptera bonasus is a bento-pelagic and highly migratory species occurring from southern United States to northern Argentina. Due to overfishing effects, R. bonasus is currently at risk, classified by the IUCN Red List as vulnerable. Considering the lack of molecular data available for R. bonasus, this study aimed to describe the genetic variability and population structure of specimens sampled from three Brazilian coast ecoregions (Amazon ecoregion, Pará; Northeastern ecoregion, Pernambuco and Southeastern ecoregion, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santa Catarina), through five polymorphic microsatellite markers. Here testing the panmixia hypothesis for Brazilian ecoregions and test natal philopathy. A total of 69 analyzed specimens revealed individual and significant genetic differentiation between the sampled locations. Φ ST (0.12), PCA, DAPC and Bayesian analyses of the genetic population structure revealed at least two distinct genetic R. bonasus groupings. IBD tests were significant, indicating a correlation between genetic and geographical distance among populations, which can be explained by reproductive philopatric behavior. Philopatric behavior associated with R. bonasus mobility may influence the differentiation values observed for all loci in the investigated samples.
Plasma energetic substrates and hepatic enzymes in the four-eyed fish Anableps anableps (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes) during the dry and rainy seasons in the Amazonian Island of Maracá, extreme north of Brazil
Authors: Guedes Maria Eduarda Gomes , Correia Tiago Gabriel
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Anableps anableps is a viviparous teleost typical from Amazon Delta estuaries. It is representative of this biome in Maracá, which offers a potential for biomonitoring. The aim of this study is to apply different biomarkers to males and females of this species and verify possible seasonal influences on their physiology. To collect fish, three expeditions were carried out from the rainy season of April 2018 to the rainy season of February 2019. Biometric parameters and gonadosomatic (GSI), hepatosomatic (HSI), and viscerosomatic (VSI) indexes were calculated, and blood samples were taken to measure triglycerides, total proteins, glucose, and activity of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The GSI of males is higher in the rainy season and of females in the dry season. This is probably related to the embryogenesis process. Males show an increase in biomass during the dry season, a metabolic homogeneity, and females show an increase in plasma glucose, triglycerides, and ALT activity. The tested biomarkers are potential for biomonitoring, preliminarily suggesting that there is a seasonal asynchronism between males and females of A. anableps as for the allocation of energy resources at different times of their life cycle.
Taxonomy and morphology of the skate genus Atlantoraja (Rajiformes: Arhynchobatidae)
Authors: Soares Karla D. A. , Moreira Renan A. , Silva Rafael F. L. da , Gomes Ulisses L.
Published: December 2021

Abstract The skate genus Atlantoraja is composed of three species (A. castelnaui, A. cyclophora, and A. platana) which differ from the other Riorajini species, Rioraja agassizii, in regards to their clasper features, squamation and presence of a caudal fin. Despite of being distributed along Southwestern Atlantic and commonly captured by fisheries in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina, detailed accounts on external and internal morphology are scarce and the taxonomic status of Atlantoraja species was not revised so far. The aim of this study, therefore, is to review the taxonomy of the genus Atlantoraja, updating information on type specimens and clarifying misidentifications among species, and to describe in detail anatomical structures such as neurocranium, visceral arches, pelvic girdle, dermal denticles and teeth. Lectotypes and paralectotypes are designated for Atlantoraja castelnaui and A. cyclophora. Notes on intraspecific variation within species are also provided. Atlantoraja cyclophora and A. platana are more similar to each other than to A. castelnaui in regards to the squamation (body dorsal surface smooth vs. densely covered by prickles) and color pattern of body dorsal surface, position of orbital foramina, overall shape of neucrocranium and body measurements. Lastly, we discuss the morphological differences among species of Atlantoraja and recommend the inclusion of characters presented here in future cladistic analyses.
A new species of Bryconops (Characiformes: Iguanodectidae) from Atlantic coastal drainages of Suriname and French Guiana
Authors: Silva-Oliveira Cárlison , Ota Rafaela P. , Sabaj Mark H. , Py-Daniel Lúcia H. Rapp
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT A new species of Bryconops is described based on its unique caudal-fin color pattern, with a dark blotch occupying the mid-basal region of the caudal-fin dorsal lobe, and a combination of 29-32 branched anal-fin rays, 44-47 perforated scales in the lateral line, six rows of scales above the lateral line, and a deep body (30.3-31.7 % SL). The new species belongs to the subgenus Bryconops based on its edentulous and short maxilla, with the posterior extension of that bone not reaching the junction between the second and third infraorbitals. The new species was previously reported in the literature as B. caudomaculatus. However, these species differ from each other in morphometric and meristic characters, as well as in color pattern. Comments on distribution of Bryconops species in coastal drainages of Suriname and French Guiana additional support for biogeographic hypotheses in this area.
Subdesenvolvimento brasileiro à luz de Celso Furtado: uma “radiografia” da estrutura distributiva de renda no país
Authors: Oliveira Alanna Santos de , Nascimento Carlos Alves do
Published: December 2021

Resumo O subdesenvolvimento brasileiro, na forma como foi qualificado por Celso Furtado, evidencia natureza notadamente distributiva derivada da conexão precisa entre dependência cultural externa e exploração interna do trabalhador. Apesar do diagnóstico que data de algumas décadas, nuances da estrutura distributiva no período recente permitem o reconhecimento da relevância e atualidade dessa interpretação, de modo que a análise de informações mapeadas em uma ampla “radiografia” da distribuição de renda brasileira constituiu o objetivo deste trabalho. Procurou-se responder se o que se passou, desde o último escrito de Celso Furtado, teria modificado as condições mais fundamentais por ele descritas. De uma forma geral, as informações aqui tratadas, à luz de Furtado, sugeriram a persistência do subdesenvolvimento brasileiro, avaliado a partir das estruturais assimetrias socioeconômicas que ainda o compõem.
Quase ministro: era uma vez um cavalo
Authors: Pinto Nilton de Paiva
Published: December 2021

Resumo Este artigo analisa a comédia Quase ministro, de Machado de Assis, escrita e representada em 1863. Na peça, diversos tipos de aduladores rodeiam o deputado que aguarda sua nomeação para o ministério. A relação entre os personagens e os costumes políticos no Brasil daquele período conferem à comédia o caráter de sátira política.
ESTÁGIO EM PSICOLOGIA ESCOLAR E EDUCACIONAL: TEORIA E PRÁTICA EM UM SERVIÇO-ESCOLA
Authors: Pieniak Jacsiane , Facci Marilda Gonçalves Dias , Barreto Maria da Apresentação
Published: December 2021

RESUMO Este artigo objetiva apresentar dados de uma pesquisa que teve como finalidade investigar quais as concepções teóricas e quais atividades foram desenvolvidas no estágio curricular supervisionado de psicologia, na área escolar e educacional, em um serviço-escola de uma Universidade Estadual do Paraná. Apresentamos reflexões sobre as relações entre a psicologia, a escola e o surgimento dos serviços-escola de psicologia no Brasil; traçamos algumas considerações sobre a formação do homem; e a relação com a educação, por meio da psicologia histórico-cultural e pedagogia histórico-crítica, ambas fundamentadas no marxismo. Em seguida, expomos dados obtidos na análise de 106 relatórios de estágio. Como resultados, observamos que a teoria e a prática representadas nos relatórios de estágio apresentaram, simultaneamente, uma perspectiva tradicional e crítica de psicologia no campo escolar.
ENTREVISTA COM A PROFA. DRA. ROSELI FERNANDES LINS CALDAS - PRESIDENTE DA ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE PSICOLOGIA ESCOLAR E EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Caldas Roseli Fernandes Lins , Anache Alexandra Ayach
Published: December 2021

RESUMO A Professora Dra. Roseli Fernandes Lins Caldas atua na área de Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, no campo da educação e processos de ensino aprendizagem, com foco nos estudos sobre os estudantes que estão em situação de dificuldades de aprendizagens. Rompendo com perspectiva da medicalização deste fenômeno, os seus trabalhos se inspiram na perspectiva histórico-cultural, avançando nas reflexões sobre atividades que visam contribuir para a aprendizagem deste grupo de alunos(as). As suas pesquisas recentes estão direcionadas para o contexto migratório e de refúgio, colocando em relevo a necessidade de construir propostas pedagógicas que possibilitem o desenvolvimento do processo de escolarização daqueles que se encontram nesta situação. É autora de publicações e orientadora estágios e pesquisas e coordenadora do Programa da Pró-reitoria de Extensão · Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie. Atualmente, ela é Presidente da ABRAPEE - Associação Brasileira de Psicologia Escolar e Educacional, no biênio 2020 - 2022. A síntese de sua contribuição está registrada nesta entrevista realizada por Alexandra Ayach Anache.
Maxillary protraction and vertical control utilizing skeletal anchorage for midfacial-maxillary deficiency
Authors: MATSUMOTO Kensuke , TANNA Nipul
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Introduction: The efficacy and efficiency of early treatment of skeletal Class III patients with facemask therapy are well-documented; however, very few cases for adolescents or adults were reported. Objective: The aim of this case report was to demonstrate skeletal and dental correction of a post-pubertal-growth-spurt patient whose malocclusion consisted of a skeletal Class III with slight transverse deficiency, a high mandibular plane angle, and a retrusive maxillary complex. Case report: A 13-year-5-months old Hispanic female was diagnosed as a retrognathic maxilla and mandible, a high mandibular plane angle, open bite pattern, a bilateral Angle Class I molar relationship with an anterior crossbite on the maxillary lateral incisors. A TAD-supported Haas rapid palatal expander was utilized for maxillary protraction combined with a facemask, vertical control, and maxillary molar distalization with fixed appliance. Results: The total treatment time was 26 months. An improved facial profile with maxillary lip support and more prominent cheeks was established. Adequate vertical control prevented a change in the mandibular plane angle even though facemask treatment can increase the vertical dimension. After the 18-month retention, excellent stability of the treatment results was shown. Conclusion: With skeletal anchorage and facemask treatment, orthodontists have the ability of expanding and protracting the maxilla without tipping maxillary molars buccally and without the risk of unfavorable periodontal consequences. A TAD-supported Haas rapid palatal expander allowed to control the vertical dimension and distalize molars, while minimizing undesired consequences.
Effects of stress relaxation in beta-titanium cantilevers used in orthodontic mechanics
Authors: JACOB Helder B. , GONZAGA Ariane S. , TRINH Brittany , LE Erik T. , ENGLISH Jeryl D.
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: This study evaluated the force decay and design shape changes caused by stress relaxation in two different orthodontic cantilever configurations. Methods: Eighty cantilevers made of 0.017 x 0.025-in beta-titanium wires were standardized in a passive position, using real scale templates, and randomly divided into two groups (n = 40): Type 1 and Type 2. Each group received a different design (Type 1 with three bends, and Type 2 with two bends), and both were divided in four subgroups (n = 10) according to the evaluation periods: G1 = 24h, G2 = 1 week, G3 = 4 weeks, and G4 = 8 weeks. Mechanical tests were performed immediately after preactivation and at the end of each period, to evaluate force decay. The cantilevers were also scanned and the angles of the bends were measured to assess shape changes. Results: Cantilever forces decayed over time. Type 1 - G1 showed less force decay than Type 2 (10.83 cN vs 17.87 cN). Type 1 cantilevers showed significant force decay only when G4 was compared to G1 (9.05 cN), G2 (11.73 cN), and G3 (9.78 cN). Type 2 cantilevers presented differences when G1 was compared to G2 (9.57 cN) and G3 (7.89 cN). Regarding to the cantilever angle closest to the bracket insertion, Type 1 cantilevers showed significant decrease for G2 (1.58°) and G4 (1.52°). Conclusions: Cantilevers’ design and proximity of the bends influenced force decay pattern overtime. Type 1 cantilevers presented more stable design at the first weeks than Type 2.
The influence of 3x3 bonded retainer on anterior crowding relapse in mandibular incisor extraction cases
Authors: BERBERT Marcelo , COTRIN Paula , OLIVEIRA Renata Cristina Gobbi de , OLIVEIRA Ricardo Gobbi de , VALARELLI Fabricio Pinelli , FREITAS Marcos Roberto de , FREITAS Karina Maria Salvatore
Published: December 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the 3x3 bonded retainer influence on the mandibular anterior crowding in cases treated with mandibular incisor extraction Methods: The sample comprised pretreatment, posttreatment and follow-up orthodontic records of 16 subjects (10 females and 6 males) with Class I malocclusion treated with extraction of a single mandibular incisor. The mean ages (± SD) at pretreatment, posttreatment and follow-up evaluation were 23.45 ± 9.14 years, 25.50 ± 8.95 years and 30.11 ± 8.59 years, respectively. The mean (± SD) treatment time and posttreatment evaluation time were 2.05 ± 0.45 years and 4.60 ± 1.85 years , respectively. Little irregularity index and interdental widths were evaluated using dental casts. The sample was divided into two subgroups, according to the presence of the 3x3 bonded retainer at follow-up. Results: The subgroup without 3x3 bonded retainer presented a greater relapse at the follow-up, when compared to 3x3 bonded retainer subgroup. Conclusion: There was a significant relapse in cases treated with mandibular incisor extraction at follow-up. The subgroup without 3x3 bonded retainer showed a significant relapse at the follow-up when compared to the retainer group.
Selecionar, cuidar e encaminhar: os médicos na Batalha da Borracha (1942-1944)
Authors: Miranda Gabriela Alves , Hochman Gilberto
Published: December 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é examinar a atuação dos médicos do Serviço Especial de Mobilização de Trabalhadores para a Amazônia (SEMTA) na Batalha da Borracha durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial. O esforço de guerra e os acordos firmados com os Estados Unidos em 1942 implicaram o envio massivo de mão de obra brasileira para os seringais amazônicos. O artigo mostra como o processo de recrutamento e seleção de homens oriundos de diversas partes da região Nordeste para a extração de látex expressou e foi conformado por problemas históricos da sociedade brasileira: doença, desnutrição e analfabetismo. Esses médicos deveriam recrutar milhares de trabalhadores em uma população pobre e marcada pela seca e deles cuidar até a viagem para a Amazônia. O processo foi marcado por enorme pressão dos EUA, do governo federal e de governos nordestinos para que os médicos e as agências envolvidas cumprissem as metas acordadas, e também por críticas de setores econômicos pela diminuição da oferta de mão de obra barata no Nordeste. A atuação desses médicos é reveladora sobre as dramáticas condições de vida de homens nordestinos selecionados para uma marcha que os transformaria, heroica e tragicamente, em ‘soldados da borracha’.
Dança, corpo e memória: as três temporadas do Original Ballet Russe no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Cerbino Beatriz
Published: December 2021

RESUMO Este texto tem como objetivo apresentar algumas reflexões entre os estudos da história, da memória e da dança. Parte-se do campo da História a fim de entender o papel da memória no processo de produção de conhecimento. Como estudo de caso, tomo as três temporadas do Original Ballet Russe no Rio de Janeiro, em 1942, 1944 e 1946, momentos em que a companhia foi apontada como exemplo para a construção de um balé nacional e demonstro como o discurso constituído na imprensa carioca em torno dessa presença elaborou essa articulação. Para tal, utilizo como fontes as críticas de Jaques Corseuil, lançando mão dos procedimentos metodológicos da história cultural.
Conceptualizing Abortion Lawfare
Authors: Gloppen Siri
Published: December 2021

Abstract Women's sexual and reproductive rights are politicized worldwide, with the most contentious right being the right to safe, legal abortion. In Latin America, where one stands on the issue of abortion has become a central identity marker; a salient issue in electoral mobilization, and a matter of coalition building and high politics. As a consequence, legalized contestation over abortion is raging across Latin America, and indeed much of the world. This article conceptualizes this as “abortion lawfare” and develops a framework for analyzing the complex dynamics and long-term, multi-sited strategies at play in the wars over abortion. The concept of lawfare – despite and, to some extent, because of its ideological uses and connotations – serves as a useful heuristic tool for grasping these dynamics, and the lawfare typology brings out the different facets of the phenomenon in terms of actors, strategies, and arenas and provides the basis for analyzing how, in any given context, actors face multiple and shifting opportunity structures. This, in turn, influences the strategies they pursue and what is achieved.