bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The differences of bacterial communities in the tissues between healthy and diseased Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis)
Authors: Yu Zichao , Liu Chao , Fu Qiang , Lu Guangxia , Han Shuo , Wang Lingling , Song Linsheng
Published: September 2019

The tissues of marine invertebrates are colonized by species-rich microbial communities. The dysbiosis of host’s microbiota is tightly associated with the invertebrate diseases. Yesso scallop (Patinopecten yessoensis), one of the most important maricultured scallops in northern China, has recently suffered massive summer mortalities, which causes huge production losses. The knowledge about the interactions between the Yesso scallop and its microbiota is important to develop the strategy for the disease prevention and control. In the present study, the bacterial communities in hemolymph, intestine, mantle and adductor muscle were compared between the healthy and diseased Yesso scallop based on the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA gene. The results indicated obvious difference of the composition rather than the diversity of the bacterial communities between the healthy and diseased Yesso scallop.Vibrio,FrancisellaandPhotobacteriumwere found to overgrow and dominate in the mantle, adductor muscle and intestine of the diseased scallops, respectively. The prediction of bacterial community metagenomes and the variations of KEGG pathways revealed that the proportions of the pathways related with neurodegenerative diseases and carbohydrate metabolism both increased significantly in the mantle and hemolymph of the diseased scallops. The abundance of the metabolism pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism decreased significantly in the intestine of diseased scallops. The results suggested that the changes of bacterial communities might be closely associated with the Yesso scallop’s disease, which was helpful for further investigation of the pathogenesis as well as prevention and control of the disease in Yesso scallop.
Effect of different combinations of antibiotics on fruit quality and antioxidant defense system in Huanglongbing infected Kinnow orchards
Authors: Hussain Sajjad , Rao Muhammad Junaid , Anjum Muhammd Akbar , Ejaz Shaghef , Umar Ummad-ud-Din , Ali Muhammad Arif , Khalid Muhammad Fasih , Sohail Muhammad , Ercisli Sezai , Zia-Ul-Haq Muhammad , Ahmad Shakeel , Naqvi Syed Atif Hasan
Published: September 2019

Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease, is the most devastating disease of citrus across the world, caused by the phloem limited fastidious bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter spp.’. This research was conducted on HLB infected 10-year-old Kinnow orchard located at Multan, Pakistan. Different classes of antibiotics in various combinations were applied on HLB-infected trees. The antibiotic treatments were applied before flowering in February, during fruit setting in April and at fruit growth stage in June. The different antibiotics combinations used were Ampicillin sodium + Rifampicin, Cefalexin + Rifampicin, Ampicillin sodium + Cefalexin, Ampicillin sodium + Cefalexin + Rifampicin and Control (distilled water). Different fruit qualitative and quantitative attributes were examined. The application of antibiotics significantly decreased 2–11% in flower, June and pre-harvest drops as compared to control. Further, antibiotics increased fruit weight and yield by five times while the juice content, total soluble solids, ripening index, total sugars, phenolic and vitamin C content were also increased in fruits. In addition, total soluble proteins, peroxidase and catalase activities were increased in fruits harvested from antibiotic treated plants compared to control, however the superoxidase dismutase activity was decreased in fruits of antibiotic treated plants. Finally, it is concluded that application of different antibiotics combinations helps in improving the fruit yield and different quality attributes of HLB infected Kinnow trees.
A novel method for robust markerless tracking of rodent paws in 3D
Authors: Haji Maghsoudi Omid , Vahedipour Annie , Spence Andrew
Published: September 2019

Studying animal locomotion improves our understanding of motor control and aids in the treatment of motor impairment. Mice are a premier model of human disease and are the model system of choice for much of basic neuroscience. Placement of the tips of appendages, here paws, is typically critical for locomotion. Tracking paws from a video is difficult, however, due to frequent occlusions and collisions. We propose a method and provide software to track the paws of rodents. We use a superpixel-based method to segment the paws, direct linear transform to perform 3D reconstruction, a 3D Kalman filter (KF) to solve the matching problem and label paws across frames, and spline fits through time to resolve common collisions. The automated method was compared to manual tracking. The method had an average of 2.54 mistakes requiring manual correction per 1000 frames with a maximum of 5.29 possible errors while these values were estimates of the expected errors. We present an algorithm and its implementation to track the paws of running rodents. This algorithm can be applied to different animals as long as the tips of the legs can be differentiated from the background and other parts of the body using color features. The presented algorithm provides a robust tool for future studies in multiple fields, where precise quantification of locomotor behavior from a high-speed video is required. We further present a graphical user interface (GUI) to track, visualize, and edit the tracking data.
Ground state solutions for fractional Schrödinger equation with variable potential and Berestycki–Lions type nonlinearity
Authors: Chen Jing , Gao Zu
Published: September 2019

We consider the following nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation:
$$ (-\triangle )^{s} u+V(x)u=g(u) \quad \text{in } \mathbb{R} ^{N}, $$

(
−
△
)

s

u
+
V
(
x
)
u
=
g
(
u
)

in 

R
N

,
where $s\in (0, 1)$
s
∈
(
0
,
1
)
, $N>2s$
N
>
2
s
, $V(x)$
V
(
x
)
is differentiable, and $g\in C ^{1}(\mathbb{R} , \mathbb{R} )$
g
∈

C
1

(
R
,
R
)
. By exploiting the minimization method with a constraint over Pohoz̆aev manifold, we obtain the existence of ground state solutions. With the help of Pohoz̆aev identity we also process the existence of the least energy solutions for the above equation. Our results improve the existing study on this nonlocal problem with Berestycki–Lions type nonlinearity to the one that does not need the oddness assumption.
A modified Schrödinger-type identity: uniqueness of solutions for singular boundary value problem for the Schrödinger equation
Authors: He Hongjun , Pang Zhifeng
Published: September 2019

This paper is devoted to modifying the Schrödinger-type identity related to singular boundary value problem in (Zhang et al. in Bound. Value Probl. 2018:135, 2018). We also present some mathematical consequences of the method, including a stability result. The main technical tools used to develop the mathematical analysis are local and global bifurcation, monotonicity techniques, fixed point theory in b-metric spaces in (Liu et al. in Bull. Aust. Math. Soc. 94(1):121–130, 2016) and the maximum principle approach with respect to the Schrödinger operator in (Fan et al. in Math. Appl. 31(1):42–48, 2018). As an application, the uniqueness of solutions for singular boundary value problem for the Schrödinger equation is proved.
Replaceability and negotiation in a cloud service ecosystem
Authors: Bhattacharya Adrija , Choudhury Sankhayan , Cortesi Agostino
Published: September 2019

Cloud federation is an aggregation of services from different providers in a single pool supporting interoperability and resource migration. In federation, Services are assigned to the consumer’s service access pool as per their specific functional and associated Quality level requirements. The said assignment is based on the advertised features of services. Sometimes, the selected provider fails to provide the committed service or, it fails to fulfill the expected QoS level. As a result, the consumer is being deprived of getting the services at required quality levels, in spite of subscribing and paying. Re-federation i.e. the inclusion of new services from different providers in the resource pool is a solution. This costly and time consuming re-federation process harms the overall harmony, reputation and performance of the existing federation. In this paper, the necessary strategies to make a federation autonomic is proposed. It helps federation to work in a self-adaptive manner by delaying the re-federation process through replacement and negotiation mechanisms. This allows the federation to keep a balanced state in case of failures. The proposed methods are simulated and the claims are substantiated by the preliminary experimental outcomes.
Cost effectiveness of bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy
Authors: Schrauder Michael G. , Brunel-Geuder Lisa , Häberle Lothar , Wunderle Marius , Hoyer Juliane , Csorba Roland , Reis André , Schulz-Wendtland Rüdiger , Beckmann Matthias W. , Lux Michael P.
Published: September 2019

Background

Growing demand for risk-reducing surgery in individuals with inherited susceptibility to cancer leads to the question whether these procedures are cost effective for the executing hospitals. This study compared the clinical costs for bilateral risk-reducing mastectomy (BRRM) with and without different types of reconstruction, risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO), and their combinations with corresponding reimbursements in the statutory health-care system in Germany.

Patients and methods

Real total costs of care for BRRM with and without reconstruction, RRSO, and their combinations were calculated as the sum of all personnel and technical costs. These costs calculated in a German University hospital were compared with the sum of all reimbursements in the German DRG-based health-care system.

Results

While sole RRSO, BRRM without reconstruction, and BRRM with secondary DIEP (deep inferior epigastric perforator)—reconstruction still result in a small benefit, we even found shortfalls for the hospital with all other prophylactic operations under consideration. The calculated deficits were especially high for BRRM with implant-based breast reconstruction and for combined operations when the risk reduction is achieved with a minimum of separate operations.

Conclusions

Risk-reducing surgery inBRCA-mutation carriers is frequently not cost-covering for the executing hospitals in the German health-care system. Thus, appropriate concepts are required to ensure a nationwide care.
Comparative analysis of amplicon and metagenomic sequencing methods reveals key features in the evolution of animal metaorganisms
Authors: Rausch Philipp , Rühlemann Malte , Hermes Britt M. , Doms Shauni , Dagan Tal , Dierking Katja , Domin Hanna , Fraune Sebastian , von Frieling Jakob , Hentschel Ute , Heinsen Femke-Anouska , Höppner Marc , Jahn Martin T. , Jaspers Cornelia , Kissoyan Kohar Annie B. , Langfeldt Daniela , Rehman Ateequr , Reusch Thorsten B. H. , Roeder Thomas , Schmitz Ruth A. , Schulenburg Hinrich , Soluch Ryszard , Sommer Felix , Stukenbrock Eva , Weiland-Bräuer Nancy , Rosenstiel Philip , Franke Andre , Bosch Thomas , Baines John F.
Published: September 2019

Background

The interplay between hosts and their associated microbiome is now recognized as a fundamental basis of the ecology, evolution, and development of both players. These interdependencies inspired a new view of multicellular organisms as “metaorganisms.” The goal of the Collaborative Research Center “Origin and Function of Metaorganisms” is to understand why and how microbial communities form long-term associations with hosts from diverse taxonomic groups, ranging from sponges to humans in addition to plants.

Methods

In order to optimize the choice of analysis procedures, which may differ according to the host organism and question at hand, we systematically compared the two main technical approaches for profiling microbial communities, 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic shotgun sequencing across our panel of ten host taxa. This includes two commonly used 16S rRNA gene regions and two amplification procedures, thus totaling five different microbial profiles per host sample.

Conclusion

While 16S rRNA gene-based analyses are subject to much skepticism, we demonstrate that many aspects of bacterial community characterization are consistent across methods. The resulting insight facilitates the selection of appropriate methods across a wide range of host taxa. Overall, we recommend single- over multi-step amplification procedures, and although exceptions and trade-offs exist, the V3 V4 over the V1 V2 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Finally, by contrasting taxonomic and functional profiles and performing phylogenetic analysis, we provide important and novel insight into broad evolutionary patterns among metaorganisms, whereby the transition of animals from an aquatic to a terrestrial habitat marks a major event in the evolution of host-associated microbial composition.
Commensal-derived metabolites govern Vibrio cholerae pathogenesis in host intestine
Authors: You Jin Sun , Yong Ji Hyun , Kim Gwang Hee , Moon Sungmin , Nam Ki Taek , Ryu Ji Hwan , Yoon Mi Young , Yoon Sang Sun
Published: September 2019

Background

Recent evidence suggests that the commensal microbes act as a barrier against invading pathogens and enteric infections are the consequences of multi-layered interactions among commensals, pathogens, and the host intestinal tissue. However, it remains unclear how perturbations of the gut microbiota compromise host infection resistance, especially through changes at species and metabolite levels.

Results

Here, we illustrate how Bacteroides vulgatus, a dominant species of the Bacteroidetes phylum in mouse intestine, suppresses infection by Vibrio cholerae, an important human pathogen. Clindamycin (CL) is an antibiotic that selectively kills anaerobic bacteria, and accordingly Bacteroidetes are completely eradicated from CL-treated mouse intestines. The Bacteroidetes-depleted adult mice developed severe cholera-like symptoms, when infected with V. cholerae. Germ-free mice mono-associated with B. vulgatus became resistant to V. cholerae infection. Levels of V. cholerae growth-inhibitory metabolites including short-chain fatty acids plummeted upon CL treatment, while levels of compounds that enhance V. cholerae proliferation were elevated. Furthermore, the intestinal colonization process of V. cholerae was well-simulated in CL-treated adult mice.

Conclusions

Overall, we provide insights into how a symbiotic microbe and a pathogenic intruder interact inside host intestine. We identified B. vulgatus as an indigenous microbial species that can suppress intestinal infection. Our results also demonstrate that commensal-derived metabolites are a critical determinant for host resistance against V. cholerae infection, and that CL pretreatment of adult mice generates a simple yet useful model of cholera infection.
SLC39A8 gene encoding a metal ion transporter: discovery and bench to bedside
Authors: Nebert Daniel W. , Liu Zijuan
Published: September 2019

SLC39A8is an evolutionarily highly conserved gene that encodes the ZIP8 metal cation transporter in all vertebrates.SLC39A8is ubiquitously expressed, including pluripotent embryonic stem cells;SLC39A8expression occurs in every cell type examined. Uptake of ZIP8-mediated Mn2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Se4+, and Co2+represents endogenous functions—moving these cations into the cell. By way of mouse genetic differences, the phenotype of “subcutaneous cadmium-induced testicular necrosis” was assigned to theCdmlocus in the 1970s. This led to identification of the mouseSlc39a8gene, its most closely relatedSlc39a14gene, and creation ofSlc39a8-overexpressing,Slc39a8(neo/neo) knockdown, and cell type-specific conditional knockout mouse lines; theSlc39a8(−/−)global knockout mouse is early-embryolethal.Slc39a8(neo/neo) hypomorphs die between gestational day 16.5 and postnatal day 1—exhibiting severe anemia, dysregulated hematopoiesis, hypoplastic spleen, dysorganogenesis, stunted growth, and hypomorphic limbs. Not surprisingly, genome-wide association studies subsequently revealed humanSLC39A8-deficiency variants exhibiting striking pleiotropy—defects correlated with clinical disorders in virtually every organ, tissue, and cell-type: numerous developmental and congenital disorders, the immune system, cardiovascular system, kidney, lung, liver, coagulation system, central nervous system, musculoskeletal system, eye, and gastrointestinal tract. Traits with whichSLC39A8-deficiency variants are currently associated include Mn2+-deficient hypoglycosylation; numerous birth defects; Leigh syndrome-like mitochondrial redox deficiency; decreased serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol levels; increased body mass index; greater risk of coronary artery disease, hypotension, cardiovascular death, allergy, ischemic stroke, schizophrenia, Parkinson disease, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn disease, myopia, and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis; systemic lupus erythematosus with primary Sjögren syndrome; decreased height; and inadvertent participation in the inflammatory progression of osteoarthritis.
The influence of dynamic environmental interactions on detection efficiency of acoustic transmitters in a large, deep, freshwater lake
Authors: Klinard Natalie V. , Halfyard Edmund A. , Matley Jordan K. , Fisk Aaron T. , Johnson Timothy B.
Published: September 2019

Background

Acoustic telemetry is an increasingly common method used to address ecological questions about the movement, behaviour, and survival of freshwater and marine organisms. The variable performance of acoustic telemetry equipment and ability of receivers to detect signals from transmitters have been well studied in marine and coral reef environments to inform study design and improve data interpretation. Despite the growing use of acoustic telemetry in large, deep, freshwater systems, detection efficiency and range, particularly in relation to environmental variation, are poorly understood. We used an array of 90 69-kHz acoustic receivers and 8 sentinel range transmitters of varying power output deployed at different depths and locations approximately 100–9500 m apart for 215 days to evaluate how the detection efficiency of acoustic receivers varied spatially and temporally in relation to environmental conditions.

Results

The maximum distance that tags were detected ranged from 5.9 to 9.3 km. Shallow tags consistently had lower detection efficiency than deep tags of the same power output and detection efficiency declined through the winter months (December–February) of the study. In addition to the distance between tag and receiver, thermocline strength, surface water velocity, ice thickness, water temperature, depth range between tag and receiver, and number of fish detections contributed to explaining variation in detection efficiency throughout the study period. Furthermore, the most significant models incorporated interactions between several environmental variables and tag–receiver distance, demonstrating the complex temporal and spatial relationships that exist in heterogeneous environments.

Conclusions

Relying on individual environmental variables in isolation to interpret receiver performance, and thus animal behaviour, may be erroneous when detection efficiency varies across distances, depths, or tag types. As acoustic telemetry becomes more widely used to study ecology and inform management, it is crucial to understand its limitations in heterogeneous environments, such as freshwater lakes, to improve the quality and interpretation of data. We recommend that in situ range testing and retrospective analysis of detection efficiency be incorporated into study design for telemetry projects. Furthermore, we caution against oversimplifying the dynamic relationship between detection efficiency and environmental conditions for the sake of producing a correction that can be applied directly to detection data of tagged animals when the intended correction may not be justified.
Using the life grid interview technique in STEM education research
Authors: Rowland Ashley A. , Dounas-Frazer Dimitri R. , Ríos Laura , Lewandowski H. J. , Corwin Lisa A.
Published: September 2019

Background

Qualitative interviewing is a common tool that has been utilized by science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education researchers to explore and describe the experiences of students, educators, or other educational stakeholders. Some interviewing techniques use co-creation of an artifact, such as a personal timeline, as a unique way to elicit a detailed narrative from a respondent. The purpose of this commentary is to describe an interview artifact called a life grid. First used and validated in medical sociology to conduct life course research, we adapted the life grid for use in research on undergraduate STEM education. We applied the life grid interview technique to two contexts: (1) students in an advanced degree program reflecting on their entire undergraduate career as a biology major and (2) students in an undergraduate physics program reflecting on a multi-week lab project.

Results

We found that the life grid supported four important attributes of an interview: facilitation of the respondents’ agency, establishment of rapport between interviewers and respondents, enhanced depth of the respondents’ narratives, and the construction of more accurate accounts of events. We situate our experiences with respect to those attributes and compare them with the experiences detailed in the literature.

Conclusions

We conclude with recommendations for future use of the life grid technique in undergraduate STEM education research. Overall, we find the life grid to be a valuable tool to use when conducting interviews about phenomena with a chronological component.
Density-dependent effect of allelopathy on germination and seedling emergence in two Ipomoea species
Authors: Aguilar-Franco Zoila Mercedes , Flores-Palacios Alejandro , Flores-Morales Alejandro , Perea-Arango Irene , Arellano-García José de Jesús , Valencia-Díaz Susana
Published: September 2019

Background

Density in inter and intraspecific plant-plant interactions affects the action modes of allelopathy (autotoxicity, negative and positive allelopathy). Some seeds exude compounds that inhibit the germination of others. Ipomoea murucoides and I. pauciflora are sympatric tree species that form patches at the local scale where one or the other dominates, possibly due to allelopathy in the seeds. The objective of this study was to determine the possible density-dependence of the allelopathic effect among seeds of these species through the measure of seed germination and seedling emergence.

Methods

In both species, allelopathy was measured as: a) germination in mixed sowing of both species at different proportions, b) germination in single-species trials at different densities after adding seed extracts of both species, and c) seedling emergence in seed mixtures of both species sown at different proportions beneath canopies of the two Ipomoea species.

Results

Seed germination of I. murucoides was increased by the presence of I. pauciflora and diminished at higher densities of its own seeds; however, seed germination of I. pauciflora was not affected by the presence of I. murucoides seeds. The addition of extracts (either from conspecifics or congeneric) diminished the germination of both species and at higher seed densities the germination was lower. Seedling emergence did not depend on the species under which the seeds were sown nor on the density of the seeds.

Conclusions

The germination experiments evidenced positive allelopathy and/or autotoxicity, while there was no evidence of allelopathic effects in seedling emergence. The allelopathic activity is reported in the seeds of these species for the first time.
How much can you take with you? The role of education in explaining differences in the risk of unemployment between migrants and natives
Authors: Cebolla-Boado Héctor , Miyar-Busto María , Muñoz-Comet Jacobo
Published: September 2019

This paper looks at how migrants with different skill profiles make use of their education in order to avoid unemployment compared with natives in three European countries with significantly different labour markets and policies for attracting highly skilled migration: France, Spain and the UK. The paper also explores the role played by the quality of the education migrants and natives received in accounting for these differentials, an explanation rarely tested in the literature due to a lack of appropriate data. We here use PIAAC data (OECD), which for the first time offers an interesting proxy of the quality of education, namely the cognitive skills of a representative sample of adult workers in our selected countries. The paper reaches three clear conclusions. Firstly, that it is among the most educated that inequality in obtaining returns to education by migrant status reaches a maximum. Secondly, that there are important differences in how this happens across countries, with the UK minimizing migrant-native differentials when compared with France and Spain. And that thirdly, and most surprisingly, differences in cognitive abilities, our proxy of the quality of education, are somewhat irrelevant in explaining this inequality.
Myco-metabolites as biological control agents against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae)
Authors: Osman Mohamed E. , Abo Elnasr Amany A. , Nawar Mohamed A. , Hefnawy Gohyza A.
Published: September 2019

Fungi are a promising source for bioactive secondary metabolites against various agricultural pests. Soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere of various plants at El-Khatatba, Egypt, in May 2016. Sixty-two fungal isolates were locally isolated and screened against Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Four fungal strains, showed potent control activities, were morphologically identified. Laboratory evaluation of the crude extracts of the selected strains, Aspergillus melleus, A. terreus, Emericella nidulans, and Chaetomium globosum, exhibited LC50 values of 10.27, 33.05, 14.68, and 22.40 mg/ml against females of T. urticae, respectively. Correspondent LC50 values that exhibited on eggs were 8.81, 23.17, 11.66, and 11.05 mg/ml. Consequently, secondary metabolites of A. melleus were separated by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Compounds separated from the active fraction were identified as mellamide, ochratoxin C, nodulisporic acid, 7-Oxocurvularin, and 6-(4′-hydroxy-2′-methyl phenoxy)-(−)-(3R)-mellein. Obtained secondary metabolites are promising sources for biopesticides to be used in bio-rationale control of T. urticae.
Near-real-time near-surface 3D seismic velocity and uncertainty models by wavefield gradiometry and neural network inversion of ambient seismic noise
Authors: Cao Ruikun , Earp Stephanie , de Ridder Sjoerd A. L. , Curtis Andrew , Galetti Erica
Published: September 2019

With the advent of large and dense seismic arrays, novel, cheap, and fast imaging and inversion methods are needed to exploit the information captured by stations in close proximity to each other and produce results in near real time. We have developed a sequence of fast seismic acquisition for dispersion curve extraction and inversion for 3D seismic models, based on wavefield gradiometry, wave equation inversion, and machine-learning technology. The seismic array method that we use is Helmholtz wave equation inversion using measured wavefield gradients, and the dispersion curve inversions are based on a mixture of density neural networks (NNs). For our approach, we assume that a single surface wave mode dominates the data. We derive a nonlinear relationship among the unknown true seismic wave velocities, the measured seismic wave velocities, the interstation spacing, and the noise level in the signal. First with synthetic and then with the field data, we find that this relationship can be solved for unknown true seismic wave velocities using fixed point iterations. To estimate the noise level in the data, we need to assume that the effect of noise varies weakly with the frequency and we need to be able to calibrate the retrieved average dispersion curves with an alternate method (e.g., frequency wavenumber analysis). The method is otherwise self-contained and produces phase velocity estimates with tens of minutes of noise recordings. We use NNs, specifically a mixture density network, to approximate the nonlinear mapping between dispersion curves and their underlying 1D velocity profiles. The networks turn the retrieved dispersion model into a 3D seismic velocity model in a matter of seconds. This opens the prospect of near-real-time near-surface seismic velocity estimation using dense (and potentially rolling) arrays and only ambient seismic energy.
Poststack impedance inversion considering the diffractive component of the wavefield
Authors: Xiang Kun , Landa Evgeny
Published: September 2019

Seismic diffraction waveform energy contains important information about small-scale subsurface elements, and it is complementary to specular reflection information about subsurface properties. Diffraction imaging has been used for fault, pinchout, and fracture detection. Very little research, however, has been carried out taking diffraction into account in the impedance inversion. Usually, in the standard inversion scheme, the input is the migrated data and the assumption is taken that the diffraction energy is optimally focused. This assumption is true only for a perfectly known velocity model and accurate true amplitude migration algorithm, which are rare in practice. We have developed a new approach for impedance inversion, which takes into account diffractive components of the total wavefield and uses the unmigrated input data. Forward modeling, designed for impedance inversion, includes the classical specular reflection plus asymptotic diffraction modeling schemes. The output model is composed of impedance perturbation and the low-frequency model. The impedance perturbation is estimated using the Bayesian approach and remapped to the migrated domain by the kinematic ray tracing. Our method is demonstrated using synthetic and field data in comparison with the standard inversion. Results indicate that inversion with taking into account diffraction can improve the acoustic impedance prediction in the vicinity of local reflector discontinuities.
Multiscale reflection phase inversion with migration deconvolution
Authors: Chen Yuqing , Feng Zongcai , Fu Lei , AlTheyab Abdullah , Feng Shihang , Schuster Gerard
Published: September 2019

Reflection full-waveform inversion (RFWI) can recover the low-wavenumber components of the velocity model along with the reflection wavepaths. However, this requires an expensive least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) to construct the perturbation image that can still suffer from cycle-skipping problems. As an inexpensive alternative to LSRTM, we use migration deconvolution (MD) with RFWI. To mitigate cycle-skipping problems, we develop a multiscale reflection phase inversion (MRPI) strategy that boosts the low-frequency data and should only explain the phase information in the recorded data, not its magnitude spectrum. We also use the rolling-offset strategy that gradually extends the offset range of data with an increasing number of iterations. Numerical results indicate that the MRPI + MD method can efficiently recover the low-wavenumber components of the velocity model and is less prone to getting stuck in local minima compared to conventional RFWI.
Atrioesophageal Fistula After Radiofrequency Ablation Presenting With Status Epilepticus: A Case Report
Authors: Pham Vinh K. , Salgado Fernando
Published: September 2019

Radiofrequency (RF) ablation for atrial fibrillation is commonly performed. Atrioesophageal fistulas are an uncommon complication of RF ablation and can present with status epilepticus due to an extensive vascular air embolus. Initial treatment may require a high level of suspicion of this rare occurrence to help prevent further injury and increase the likelihood of a meaningful recovery.
Moderators of Exercise Effects on Cancer-related Fatigue: A Meta-analysis of Individual Patient Data
Authors: VAN VULPEN JONNA K. , SWEEGERS MAIKE G. , PEETERS PETRA H. M. , COURNEYA KERRY S. , NEWTON ROBERT U. , AARONSON NEIL K. , JACOBSEN PAUL B. , GALVÃO DANIEL A. , CHINAPAW MAI J. , STEINDORF KAREN , IRWIN MELINDA L. , STUIVER MARTIJN M. , HAYES SANDI , GRIFFITH KATHLEEN A. , MESTERS ILSE , KNOOP HANS , GOEDENDORP MARTINE M. , MUTRIE NANETTE , DALEY AMANDA J. , MCCONNACHIE ALEX , BOHUS MARTIN , THORSEN LENE , SCHULZ KARL-HEINZ , SHORT CAMILLE E. , JAMES ERICA L. , PLOTNIKOFF RONALD C. , SCHMIDT MARTINA E. , ULRICH CORNELIA M. , VAN BEURDEN MARC , OLDENBURG HESTER S. , SONKE GABE S. , VAN HARTEN WIM H. , SCHMITZ KATHRYN H. , WINTERS-STONE KERRI M. , VELTHUIS MIRANDA J. , TAAFFE DENNIS R. , VAN MECHELEN WILLEM , KERSTEN MARIE JOSÉ , NOLLET FRANS , WENZEL JENNIFER , WISKEMANN JOACHIM , VERDONCK-DE LEEUW IRMA M. , BRUG JOHANNES , MAY ANNE M. , BUFFART LAURIEN M.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Fatigue is a common and potentially disabling symptom in patients with cancer. It can often be effectively reduced by exercise. Yet, effects of exercise interventions might differ across subgroups. We conducted a meta-analysis using individual patient data of randomized controlled trials (RCT) to investigate moderators of exercise intervention effects on cancer-related fatigue.

Methods

We used individual patient data from 31 exercise RCT worldwide, representing 4366 patients, of whom 3846 had complete fatigue data. We performed a one-step individual patient data meta-analysis, using linear mixed-effect models to analyze the effects of exercise interventions on fatigue (z score) and to identify demographic, clinical, intervention- and exercise-related moderators. Models were adjusted for baseline fatigue and included a random intercept on study level to account for clustering of patients within studies. We identified potential moderators by testing their interaction with group allocation, using a likelihood ratio test.

Results

Exercise interventions had statistically significant beneficial effects on fatigue (β = −0.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.22 to −0.12). There was no evidence of moderation by demographic or clinical characteristics. Supervised exercise interventions had significantly larger effects on fatigue than unsupervised exercise interventions (βdifference = −0.18; 95% CI −0.28 to −0.08). Supervised interventions with a duration ≤12 wk showed larger effects on fatigue (β = −0.29; 95% CI, −0.39 to −0.20) than supervised interventions with a longer duration.

Conclusions

In this individual patient data meta-analysis, we found statistically significant beneficial effects of exercise interventions on fatigue, irrespective of demographic and clinical characteristics. These findings support a role for exercise, preferably supervised exercise interventions, in clinical practice. Reasons for differential effects in duration require further exploration.
Contralateral Effects by Unilateral Eccentric versus Concentric Resistance Training
Authors: TSENG WEI-CHIN , NOSAKA KAZUNORI , TSENG KUO-WEI , CHOU TAI-YING , CHEN TREVOR C.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Unilateral resistance training increases muscle strength of the contralateral homologous muscle by the cross-education effect. Muscle damage induced by second eccentric exercise bout is attenuated, even when it is performed by the contralateral limb. The present study compared the effects of unilateral eccentric training (ET) and concentric training (CT) of the elbow flexors (EF) on maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVC) strength and muscle damage of the contralateral untrained EF.

Methods

Young men were placed into ET, CT, ipsilateral repeated bout (IL-RB), and contralateral repeated bout (CL-RB) groups (n = 12 per group). The ET and CT groups performed unilateral EF training consisting of five sets of six eccentric and concentric contractions, respectively, once a week for 5 wk by increasing the intensity from 10% to 100% of MVC, followed by 30 maximal eccentric contractions (30MaxEC) of the opposite EF 1 wk later. The IL-RB group performed two bouts of 30MaxEC separated by 2 wk using the nondominant arm, and CL-RB group performed two bouts of 30MaxEC with a different arm for each bout in 1-wk apart.

Results

The MVC increased (P < 0.05) greater for the trained (19% ± 8%) and untrained (11% ± 5%) arms in ET when compared with those in CT (10% ± 6%, 5% ± 2%). The magnitude of changes in muscle damage markers was reduced by 71% ± 19% after the second than the first bout for IL-RB group, and by 48% ± 21% for CL-RB group. Eccentric training and CT attenuated the magnitude by 58% ± 25% and 13% ± 13%, respectively, and the protective effect of ET was greater (P < 0.05) than CL-RB, but smaller (P < 0.05) than IL-RB.

Conclusions

These results showed that cross-education effect was stronger for ET than CT, and progressive ET produced greater contralateral muscle damage protective effect than a single eccentric exercise bout.
Longitudinal Associations between Physical Fitness and Academic Achievement in Youth
Authors: MCLOUGHLIN GABRIELLA M. , BAI YANG , WELK GREGORY J.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Data from clinical trials have justified the promotion of fitness as a means to enhance facets of cognitive control and academic achievement in youth. However, such associations, when tested under real-world conditions, are equivocal. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to evaluate longitudinal associations between aerobic capacity (AC), weight status, and academic achievement within a large urban county.

Methods

Longitudinal data were obtained from a sample of third, fifth, and seventh grade students in schools within an urban county in Georgia. Data on body mass index (BMI) were available from 11,639 students; AC data from 5735 students. Data on both indicators were obtained through the established FitnessGram assessment battery with 2-yr changes calculated using standardized Z scores. Academic achievement data were available from three subjects (math, science, and reading) for third, fifth, and seventh grade students, and 2-yr changes were computed using changes in Z scores for each test. Data were analyzed using generalized logistic models to test associations between change in BMI and AC in relation to changes in academic achievement.

Results

Positive associations were observed between improvements in weight status and academic achievement for the fifth grade boys and girls ([reading] odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.25–1.72; [science] OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04–1.42). Maintaining weight status was associated with improved scores in the third grade ([math] OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.012–1.327; [reading] OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.25–1.72) and fifth grade cohorts (math OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.00.1.43). For AC, no significant associations were found for any age cohort.

Conclusions

Modest associations between improvements in weight status, AC, and academic achievement are noteworthy, despite the lack of statistical significance for AC. The results provide a robust evaluation of associations between fitness and academic achievement.
Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training or High-Intensity Interval Training with or without Resistance Training for Altering Body Composition in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: DUPUIT MARINE , RANCE MÉLANIE , MOREL CLAIRE , BOUILLON PATRICE , PEREIRA BRUNO , BONNET ALBAN , MAILLARD FLORIE , DUCLOS MARTINE , BOISSEAU NATHALIE
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This study aimed to compare body composition changes induced by moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), or HIIT + resistance training (RT) programs (3 d·wk−1, 12 wk) in overweight/obese postmenopausal women, and to determine whether fat mass reduction is related to greater fat oxidation (FatOx).

Methods

Participants (n = 27) were randomized in three groups: MICT (40 min at 55%–60% of peak power output), HIIT (60 × 8 s at 80%–90% of peak HR, 12 s active recovery), and HIIT + RT (HIIT + 8 whole-body exercises: 1 set of 8–12 repetitions). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to measure whole-body and abdominal/visceral fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass. FatOx was determined at rest, during a moderate-intensity exercise (40 min at 50% of peak power output), and for 20 min postexercise, before and after training.

Results

Overall, energy intake and physical activity levels did not vary from the beginning to the end of the intervention. Body weight and total FM decreased in all groups over time, but significant abdominal/visceral FM losses were observed only in HIIT and HIIT + RT groups. When expressed in percentage, total FM, fat-free mass, and muscle mass were significantly modified only by HIIT + RT training. FatOx did not change at rest but increased similarly in the three groups during and after exercise. Therefore, the HIIT-induced greater FM loss was not related to higher FatOx during or after exercise.

Conclusions

MICT or HIIT ± RT could be proposed to nondieting postmenopausal women who are overweight/obese to decrease weight and whole-body FM. The HIIT programs were more effective than MICT in reducing abdominal/visceral FM. RT addition did not potentiate this effect but increased the percentage of muscle mass.
Editorial
Authors: Dudek Dominika , Sobański Jerzy , Klasa Katarzyna
Published: September 2019

bez streszczenia
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) – biomarkers of oxidative stress and methylation and transsulfuration cycle
Authors: Waligóra Aleksandra , Waligóra Sławomir , Kozarska Maria , Damasiewicz-Bodzek Aleksandra , Gorczyca Piotr , Tyrpień-Golder Krystyna
Published: September 2019

Zaburzenia ze spektrum autyzmu (ASD - autism spectrum disorders) dotykają ludzi ze wszystkich rejonów naszego globu, niezależnie od narodowości, stopy życiowej czy grupy społecznej. Obecnie uznaję się, że etiopatogeneza ASD ma charakter wieloczynnikowy, ponieważ nie ma jednoznacznej przyczyny występowania tego zaburzenia. Według literatury ASD może wynikać z wad genetycznych, neurologicznych, metabolicznych, czy narażenia na czynniki środowiskowe. Istnieje szereg hipotez starających się wytłumaczyć nasilenie objawów emocjonalnych, behawioralnych czy podwyższony próg wrażliwości sensorycznej, które charakterystyczne są dla osób z ASD. Sugeruje się, że neurologiczne zmiany mogą być wywołane stresem oksydacyjnym występującym we wczesnym okresie rozwoju tkanki mózgowej i obniżoną barierą antyoksydacyjną. Z uwagi na często występujące nieprawidłowości w syntezie neuroprzekaźników, autyzm badany jest pod kątem zaburzeń przebiegu kluczowych dla życia biochemicznych procesów metylacji i transsulfuracji. Znalezienie biomarkera świadczącego o zaburzeniu równowagi oksydacyjno-redukcyjnej, patologii szlaku metylacyjnego lub innej przyczyny mogłoby być istotnym narzędziem do oceny diagnostycznej i podstawą do podjęcia indywidualnej metody leczenia chorych z różnym stopniem zaawansowania. Niniejsza praca zawiera przegląd potencjalnych wskaźników biologicznych dla ASD, dokonany pod kątem występującego stresu oksydacyjnego oraz cyklu metylacji i transsulfuracji.
Risk factors of suicide with reference to the theory of social integration by Émile Durkheim
Authors: Kołodziej-Sarzyńska Małgorzata , Majewska Magdalena , Juchnowicz Dariusz , Karakuła-Juchnowicz Hanna
Published: September 2019

Cel pracy

Celem pracy było: 1. zaprezentowanie użytecznych w kontekście teorii integracji społecznej wskaźników ekonomicznych, socjodemograficznych i innych wskaźników związanych ze zjawiskiem samobójstw oraz 2. wskazanie nowych wskaźników mogących mieć szczególne znaczenie we współczesnych warunkach polskich.

Materiał i metody

Dokonano narracyjnego przeglądu piśmiennictwa poświęconego socjologicznemu podłożu samobójstw, przeszukując internetowe bazy danych MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, Google Scholar z użyciem słów kluczy: suicide, suicide risk factors, Durkheim’s theory of suicide, integration and disintegration of society, sociodemographic factors, economic factors, religion, oraz określając deskryptory czasowe: 2000–2017.

Wyniki

W aspekcie integracji rodzinnej przedstawiono związki wskaźników rozwodów, małżeństw, dzietności i udziału kobiet w rynku pracy z ryzykiem samobójstw; w aspekcie gospodarczym uwzględniono stopę bezrobocia, produkt krajowy brutto per capita, wskaźnik nierówności społecznej Giniego oraz wskaźniki dobrobytu społecznego; w aspekcie społecznym: wskaźniki jakości systemu opieki zdrowotnej, wskaźnik spożycia alkoholu per capita oraz wskaźnik migracji. Biorąc pod uwagę aspekt religii, analizie poddano związki parametrów religijności konwencjonalnej, współczynnika Gallupa oraz odsetka książek o tematyce religijnej z ryzykiem samobójstw. Specyfikę polskich warunków uwzględnia Indeks Zrównoważonego Rozwoju w aspekcie ekonomicznym oraz wskaźniki dominicantes i communicantes w wymiarze religijnym.

Wnioski

Dokonany przegląd istotnych wskaźników z punktu widzenia teorii dezintegracji społecznej może mieć praktyczną wartość w ocenie ryzyka samobójstw zarówno przy planowaniu programów zapobiegania samobójstwom, jak i dla klinicystów pracujących w obszarze ochrony zdrowia psychicznego.
Equine influenza: A current reference for vets in practice in the UK
Authors: Rendle David , Ivens Philip , Bowen Mark , Lawrence Hattie , Newton Richard , Marr Celia , Paillot Romain , Rash Adam
Published: September 2019

Foreword

This document was commissioned to provide veterinary surgeons with up-to-date information on equine influenza (EI) and the situation that has developed through 2019. The content of the document and practical recommendations were developed using an informal modified two-round Delphi process, considering published and unpublished research relating to EI using a roundtable forum and online discussion. Where research evidence was conflicting or absent, collective expert opinion, based on the experience of the group, was applied. The opinions expressed are the consensus of views expressed by the authors who all approved the final manuscript. Where an agreement was not reached, opposing views are presented such that readers can understand the arguments. The expert group was organised by UK-Vet Equine and the meeting held at Stanstead Airport on 11 July 2019 with sponsorship from MSD. The sponsors did not participate in the meeting and had no input to or sight of the resultant manuscript prior to publication.
Does the marketisation of pensions lead to individualisation? An examination of family-related pension entitlements
Authors: Frericks Patricia , Höppner Julia
Published: September 2019

Countries around the world have undertaken pension reforms and introduced market-based schemes to replace parts of existing public schemes. Previous research has shown how these reforms are often driven by a commitment to individualisation, and accompanied by rhetoric that encourages ‘self-responsibility’. To date, however, no research has examined the effects of this shift on family-related pension entitlements. In response, this article provides a critical analysis of whether family-related pension rights have, indeed, decreased in the course of marketisation. Through a systematic comparison of Austria and Germany, we show that this is not the case: family-related rights have been included in newly introduced market-based schemes; and pension reforms did not lead to individualisation in either existing public or market-based schemes. As a result, we argue that reform trajectories are path-dependent and contextual; and that future studies should focus on non-individual entitlements when assessing welfare marketisation in general and pension reforms in particular.