bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of soil structural quality and soil fertility indicators of dryland and fadama milieus using soil profile pits
Authors: Usman Suleiman , Jayeoba James O
Published: August 2024

Soil profile pits between 0 and 20 cm for eighteen different soil pedons in the dryland and fadama areas of Kebbi State, Nigeria, were used to evaluate the soil structural quality and soil fertility indicators for soil management suggestions. There were significant differences between the dryland and fadama sites for chemical indicators (P<0.001), and also variations existed between the sites for NPK ratios and soil reaction (pH). Nitrogen and phosphorus were evaluated at very low and low levels, whereas potassium appeared to be moderate. The common ratios for NPK compounds in the fadama site were 1:1:2, 1:1:3, 1:1:4 and 1:2:5; however, in the dryland site, there were diverse ratios, which appeared to differ from one site to another. Three classes of CEC were evaluated for the dryland (very-low, low, and moderate) and fadama (low, moderate, and high) sites. Soil pedons 1, 2, 5, 7, and 8 were extremely acidic, while soil pedons 10 and 18 were strongly acidic; soil pedons 9, 12, 15, and 17 were moderately acidic; soil pedons 3, 4, 11, 13, and 14 were slightly acidic; and soil pedons 6 and 16 were neutral and slightly alkaline, respectively. The soil structural quality at the dryland and fadama sites was classified into seven (7) classes, five of which were related to dryland sites (weak, very weak, moderate, strong, and good); however, the other two classes were related to fadama sites (well and good structures). It is suggested that the management of dryland and fadama sites in the study area can be achieved through four different applications: (a) the use of abundant organic manure to improve soil fertility, (b) the use of chemical fertilizer with high amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus but very low potassium and (c) the improvement of organic carbon and organic matter content by the return of organic residues (plant and animal materials) to the soils after crop harvest to enhance the rapid development of soil organic carbon and organic matter.
Recommendation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium balanced fertilizer based on soil status/soil availability and economic benefits of alfalfa in salt-affected soils of North China Plain
Authors: Chen Yaqi , Kamran Muhammad , Liu Qingsong , Yue Mingqiang , Qu Xinyue , Han Jiating , Zhao Zhongxiang , Zhang Yi , Xu Yupeng
Published: August 2024

Improving alfalfa forage yieldis closely associated to the use of fertilizers. Generally, with the increase of fertilizer, alfalfa yield also increases correspondingly. However, in saline-alkaline areas, balancing the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and achieving a high alfalfa yield is of great importance. In this study, we assumed that the alfalfa yield would reach the maximum at a modrate proportion of multiple fertilizers. A five-year continuous multi-fertilizer experiment with different ratios was carried out in the North China Plain. The experiment included three fertilizers and four fertilization levels (N0 0 kg ha− 1, N1 5 kg ha− 1, N2 10 kg ha− 1, N3 15 kg ha− 1; P0 0 kg ha− 1, P1 30 kg ha− 1, P2 60 kg ha− 1, P3 90 kg ha− 1; K0 0 kg ha− 1, K1 90 kg ha− 1, K2 180 kg ha− 1, K3 270 kg ha− 1), resulting in a total of 14 different treatments.. Results indicated that N2P1K2, N1P2K1 and N2P2K1 treatments had significant effects on increasing alfalfa dry matter and dry to fresh biomass; N2P2K2 treatment had a significant effect on alfalfa crude protein, but crude protein under N3P2K2 and N2P2K2 treatments showed no significant differences. In addition, RFV was significantly affected by potassium fertilizer. Under low potassium application, RFV showed a significant increase. N2 (10 kg ha− 1), P2 (60 kg ha− 1), and K2 (180 kg ha− 1) significantly increased the utilization efficiency of fertilizers, agronomic efficiency, and economic benefits, which was associated with decrease in fertilizer expenditure and increase in alfalfa income. The N3 (15kg ha− 1), P3 (90 kg ha− 1), and K3 (270 kg ha− 1) significantly increased soil fertility, while had no significant effect on hay yield, nutritional quality and utilization efficiency. Therefore, N1P2K1 (5 kg ha− 1 N, 60 kg ha P− 1, 90 kg ha P− 1) treatment in the saline-alkali areas of the North China Plain is recommended for achieving high alfalfa yield, forage nutritional content, and improving the utilization rate of fertilizers by plants, increasing the farmers' income without compromising soil fertility.
Experiences and impact of moral injury in human trafficking survivors: A qualitative study
Authors: Williamson Victoria , Murphy Dominic , Katona Cornelius , Curry Christina , Weldon Ella , Greenberg Neil
Published: August 2024

Background
Research in recent years has increasingly highlighted the relationship between exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and poor mental health outcomes. Human trafficking survivors often report exposure to many traumatic and PMIEs and given the complexities of trafficking exploitation, survivors may be especially vulnerable to moral injury. Despite this, no research has investigated experiences of PMIEs and moral injury in human trafficking survivors. The objective was to explore survivors’ experiences of PMIEs, the impact of PMIEs on wellbeing and functioning and the factors that may influence outcomes following PMIEs.
Method
Participants were seven human trafficking survivors from diverse backgrounds who had settled in the UK. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted via telephone. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.
Results
Human trafficking survivors were found to experience multiple PMIEs, including transgressive acts committed by others and betrayal by trusted loved ones or those in positions of authority. Experiencing PMIEs contributed towards considerable psychological distress, including intense feelings of shame, anger and worthlessness, and negatively impacted survivors daily functioning. Formal support, especially practical help (e.g. warm clothing) and social support groups, were experienced as particularly beneficial.
Conclusions
This study provides some of the first evidence that human trafficking survivors may be vulnerable to moral injury and indicates the impact that exposure to PMIEs can have on functioning. Future work is needed to ensure that statutory organisations consider the potential for causing moral injury when interacting with human trafficking survivors and clinical care teams are equipped to provide tailored guidance and support.
Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Hydrogel Containing New Hybrid Nano catalyst of Ibuprofen-Loaded on Chitosan Nanoparticles for Full Thickness Burn Repair
Authors: Hashemi Seyedeh-Sara , Mohammadi Ali-Akbar , Tafti Ali-Mohammad Fallah , Rad Marzieh Karami , Rad Mohammad Navid Soltani
Published: August 2024

Objective
Tissue engineering represents a promising approach for restoring or improving the functionality of damaged or missing tissues. This study investigates the fabrication and characterization of a novel hydrogel scaffold incorporating chitosan nanoparticles and New Hybrid Nano catalyst of Ibuprofen for wound healing applications.
Methods
The hydrogel was synthesized using a solution casting method and cross-linked with calcium chloride. A new hybrid nano catalyst derivative of ibuprofen exhibiting superior analgesic effects compared to ibuprofen was synthesized and incorporated into the hydrogel. Extensive characterization using FTIR, XRD, SEM, mechanical testing, swelling studies, degradation analysis, and cell viability assays was performed to evaluate the structural, physical, and biological properties of the scaffolds. In addition to, hydrogels containing new hybrid nano catalyst derivative of ibuprofen (compound "a") assessed as wound dressing for full-thickness wound.
Results
In vitro results demonstrated that the 3% chitosan nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel possessed optimal physico-chemical characteristics, porosity, biocompatibility, and supported human fibroblast cell proliferation. In vivo studies using a full-thickness wound model in rats revealed accelerated wound closure, reduced inflammation, and enhanced angiogenesis for wounds treated with the ibuprofen derivative-loaded hydrogel compared to controls.
Discussion
Overall, this novel alginate/collagen/chitosan nanoparticle hydrogel incorporating an ibuprofen prodrug represents a promising biomaterial for facilitating wound healing through its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and pro-angiogenic effects. This represents a pioneering effort in developing ibuprofen-supplemented scaffolds for enhanced wound healing.
Investigation on the Effects of Universal Adhesives on the Toxicity and the Release of Dentin Matrix Proteins, Matrix Metalloproteinases and Cytokine in Pulp Cells
Authors: Ersöz Bilge , Aydın Numan , Oktay Elif Aybala , Çal İrem Kübra , Karaoğlanoğlu Serpil
Published: August 2024

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effects of universal adhesives on the toxicity and release of dentin matrix proteins (DMP-1), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2, MMP-8), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1 (IL-1) in the pulp cell base.
Materials and Methods: Six universal adhesives (Gluma Bond Universal, GBU, (Kulzer), Prime&Bond Universal, PBU, (Dentsply Sirona), Clearfil S3 Universal Bond, CS3UB, (Kuraray), OptiBond Universal, OBU, (Kerr), G-2 Bond Universal, G2BU, (GC), Bond Force II, BFII, (Tokuyama)) were polymerized by placing 10 μl of each in the bottom of 6-well plates. After polymerization, 1 ml of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) was added to each of the 6 wells and kept in a 37°C incubator for 24 h. Adhesive extracts of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:5 dilutions were added to the pulp cells and MTT tests were performed. The ELISA test, the 1:1 dilution of adhesive extracts was added to the pulpal cells then placed in the incubator at 37°C for 24 and 72 h. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data of both tests.
Results: Statistically significant differences were observed in cell vitality values after 24, 48 and 72 h (p<0.05). After 48 and 72 hours, BFII and GBU reduced pulpal cell viability the least. The increased dilution rate of the extracts reduced the toxic effects. The tested universal adhesives did not produce a significant change in the quantity of TNF- α, IL-1, DMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8 in the pulp cells after 72 hours. However, during those 72 hours, TIMP-1 was reduced (p<0.05) in all samples.
Conclusions: The universal adhesives tested in this study exhibited various degrees of cytotoxic effects on pulp cells depending on the incubation time and dose. The composition of universal adhesives does have an effect on pulp cell viability.
Clinical Relevance: The effects of universal adhesives on DMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, TIMP-1, TNF-α and IL-1 that will affect the long-term success of restorations are limited.
Genotypic and Environmental Influences on Photosynthetic Efficiency in Sugarcane over Successive Growth Cycles
Authors: zhang chi , Wei Yibin , Xu Yuzhi , Bao Yixue
Published: August 2024

This study analyzed the photosynthetic traits of 74 sugarcane varieties using PAM-2500 and SPAD instruments over three years. Our findings revealed significant variations in photosynthetic characteristics across different genotypes and ratoon years, highlighting the complex interplay between genotype and environmental factors. Notably, the heritability of these traits ranged from 0.70 to 0.86, underscoring a strong genetic influence. Through principal component analysis, we identified three critical aspects of photosynthesis: efficiency and light utilization, electron transfer and reaction center status, and chlorophyll content, collectively explaining 99.9% of the observed variance. The germplasms were categorized into three efficiency groups - High, Moderate, and Low - based on their photosynthetic performance. Importantly, germplasms with high photosynthetic efficiency correlated with increased stalk weight and sucrose content, suggesting potential targets for breeding programs. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of sugarcane photosynthetic dynamics and offers valuable insights for future genetic improvement and sustainable cultivation strategies.
Multi-Topic Sentiment Analysis with Convolutional Filtering on Movie Reviews
Authors: Ma Yanrui
Published: August 2024

This research presents a novel framework for multi-topic sentiment analysis integrating Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic extraction, TextBlob for sentiment analysis, and an improved convolutional filtering technique to enhance accuracy and reduce noise. Conducted on a dataset of IMDb movie reviews, the study aims to accurately detect multiple topics within each review and analyze associated sentiments. The proposed method was validated through comprehensive experiments, demonstrating significant improvements in topic detection and sentiment classification. Results indicated that convolutional filtering effectively removed noise and irrelevant topics, achieving an accuracy of 80.65%. This framework offers valuable insights for applications in market research, social media monitoring, and product reviews, with future work focusing on dynamic topic adaptation and advanced sentiment models. The research data and implementation are available on GitHub.
The Wellness Hub Program: Design of a theoretically-rooted support strategy to leverage facilitators and overcome barriers facing Long-Term Care and Retirement Homes in Ontario during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Fahim Christine , de Launay Keelia Quinn , Bach Vanessa , Firman Jessica , Gapare Claire , Gruppuso Vincenza , Hassan Ayaat T. , Mrazovac Ana , Odunuga Temi , Paul Nimitha , Strifler Lisa , Takaoka Alyson , Togo Elikem , Gao Hui Juan Chelsea , Boyd Jamie M. , Straus Sharon E.
Published: August 2024

Background
Long-term care and retirement homes (LTCH/RH) faced systemic challenges that were exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Following a comprehensive needs assessment with 91 LTCH and RH leaders from 47 LTCH/RH in Ontario, Canada, we identified three major challenges facing homes: infection prevention and control (IPAC), vaccine confidence and uptake, and staff well-being. We aimed to co-create an evidence-based, theoretically-rooted support program titled the Wellness Hub to support LTCH and RH to navigate real-time challenges.
Methods
We identified evidence-based interventions to address identified LTCH/RH challenges, which included: IPAC protocol implementation, COVID-19 vaccine uptake among staff in accordance with Canadian public health guidance, and a well-being program to support staff mental health and wellness. We used the Knowledge to Action model to guide Wellness Hub program development. Barriers and facilitators to implementation were mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Implementation strategies to address barriers and leverage facilitators were identified via a process of co-creation with LTCH/RH stakeholders and guided by the COM-B rooted SELECT tool and the CFIR-ERIC mapping tool.
Results
Twelve TDF domains and 18 CFIR constructs were identified as barriers and/or facilitators to implementation, reflecting the complexity of challenges facing homes during the pandemic. Via the SELECT tool, we identified six intervention functions and 14 implementation strategies to target individual-level change. An additional four strategies for organizational and systems-level implementation change were identified via the CFIR-ERIC mapping tool. The following implementation strategies were used to facilitate implementation of our evidence-based practices: town halls, implementation coaches, promotion for LTCH/RH wellness days, creation of infographics and educational resources (including an open-access resource repository), a weekly newsletter with LTCH/RH directives, a vaccine champions program and e-learning course, modelled change, an IPAC-self-assessment tool, seed funding, vaccine incentives, access to off-site COVID-19 testing, monthly community of practice meetings and use of opinion leaders.
Conclusion
We demonstrate the use of implementation science methods to rapidly address real world, real-time problems. Our methods and protocols provide a blueprint for rapidly engaging LTCH/RH communities to co-create and implement a comprehensive, multipronged program during health emergencies.
Trial Registration
: https://osf.io/hkfae
Elastic Stiffness of a Novel Steel-Grout Hybrid Dowel-Type Connector for Cross-Laminated Timber Panels: Analytical Model Development, Experimental Validation and Genetic Algorithm Optimization
Authors: Loss Cristiano , Feujofack Blériot
Published: August 2024

This work presents the development of an analytical model for the elastic stiffness of innovative hybrid steel-grout dowel-type connectors for CLT panels. This analytical model is based on the Beam on Elastic Foundation theory using the Wrinkler assumption. Within the model, the connector’s elastic stiffness is discretized into two components: (i) the rod-grout interaction stiffness and (ii) the grout-CLT interaction stiffness. The final stiffness is derived by combining these two components. This model accommodates the complex modulus of elasticity function for CLT through a square wave function approximated using a Fourier series. 420 monotonic static full-scale tests were conducted on hybrid connectors, varying the loading angle, the CLT grade, the rod diameter and strength class, and the grout-to-rod diameter ratio. A comparison between experimental and analytical results demonstrates the accuracy of the developed analytical model, with average errors for the elastic stiffness of 13% for connectors loaded in a direction parallel to the face layers of the CLT panel and 11% for connectors loaded in a direction perpendicular to the face layers of the CLT panels. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the modulus of elasticity of the grout has the most significant effect on the variability of elastic stiffness of connectors. Finally, a genetic algorithm optimization confirmed that an optimal grout-to-rod diameter ratio falls between 2 and 4 for 3-ply CLT panels, with a selected ideal connector having a rod diameter of 27.99 mm and a grout-to-rod diameter ratio of 2.68, yielding an elastic stiffness of 156.01 kN/mm.
Skin friction measurement of turbulent boundary layer at very high Reynolds numbers on the wind tunnel wall using floating element device
Authors: Reslan M. G. , Gorbushin A. R. , Anokhina E. N.
Published: August 2024

Measurement of the skin friction coefficient on a flat plate using direct methods has been a subject of study for decades. One promising method for accurately measuring this coefficient involves the use of Floating Element (FE) devices. This study utilizes an FE device with a platform area of 62 mm × 40 mm to assess the non-stationary skin friction drag at very high Reynolds numbers of the incompressible turbulent boundary layer with a zero-pressure gradient on the wall of the T-128 transonic wind tunnel at Central Aero-hydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI). Our measurements of the wall friction coefficient fall within ReƟ ranges between 3.63 × 104 and 1.86 × 105, owing to the high dynamic pressure achieved in the wind tunnel. The values of momentum thickness were obtained from measuring the total pressure inside the boundary layer using a rake with pressure probes. Due to the excitation of the device at its natural frequency, a resonant phenomenon was observed, which increases the uncertainty of the measurements and prevents accurate measurement of the actual friction force. The paper includes a notable method for reducing the random uncertainty of the measurements by 45–82%, utilizing dynamic corrections to account for the actual friction force. The obtained mean friction coefficients exhibit good agreement with other experimental methods (employing anemometers or pressure probes), semi-empirical relations, and Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS).
Risk factors for urinary retention after robot-assisted radical cystectomy with orthotopic neobladder diversion: a multicenter study
Authors: Chung Younsoo , Lee Sangchul , Jeong Byong Chang , Ku Ja Hyeon , Kwon Tae Gyun , Kim Tae-Hwan , Lee Ji Youl , Hong Sung Hoo , Han Woong Kyu , Ham Won Sik , Kang Sung Gu , Kang Seok Ho , Oh Jong Jin
Published: August 2024

Purpose
To determine risk factors for urinary retention (UR) after robot-assisted radical cystectomy (RALC) with orthotopic neobladder diversion.
Methods
A total of 269 patients who underwent RALC with orthotopic neobladder diversion from 2008 to 2019 at seven tertiary hospitals were retrospectively analyzed. There were 68 patients who had UR (UR arm) and 201 patients who did not have UR (no-UR arm). UR was defined as voiding dysfunction without catheterization or more than 100 mL of residual urine after voiding. Preoperative demographics, perioperative factors, pathology outcomes, and postoperative complications of UR and no-UR arms were compared and predictors of UR were identified.
Results
Among demographic factors, only gender proportion showed a difference, with male proportion being significantly lower in the UR arm than in the no-UR arm (81% vs 92%, p = 0.010). For perioperative outcomes, anastomosis site stricture (27% vs 11%, p = 0.003) and length of hospital stays (23 days vs. 19 days, p = 0.001) were significantly higher in the UR arm than in the no-UR arm. In multiple logistic regression analysis, female (OR 3.32, 95% CI: 1.43–7.72) and body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00-1.20) were UR predictors.
Conclusion
UR after RALC with orthotopic neobladder diversion is significantly increased in females. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified female and BMI elevation as UR predictors.
Comparison of the drought return periods by univariate, bivariate probability distribution, and Copula function under SSPs scenarios
Authors: Kim Sang Ug , Seo Dong-Il
Published: August 2024

Probabilistic analysis to the drought events is a crucial scientific process that provides foundational data for developing water resource strategies to ensure water supply for municipal, industrial, and agricultural purposes. Drought analysis requires consideration of two variables, duration and severity, making it more complex than flood frequency analysis, which typically involves univariate analysis. In bivariate analysis for drought events, the derivation of a joint probability distribution using the best fitted probability distributions to the selected variables was very difficult or not possible mathematically. Therefore, in recent studies, a Copula function has been applied to resolve this limitation. While recent research has focused on applying Copula functions, the comparative studies presenting results from univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using specific distributions, and bivariate analysis using Copula functions have remained relatively scarce. Therefore, this study tried to focus the comparison of the results from techniques used in drought frequency analysis and suggest the advantage of a Copula function. The selected sites in this study are Hongcheon and Jeongseon in South Korea, which experienced severe drought damages in 2009. Also, the 6 rainfall data sets (historical data and the future data by SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5 climate change scenarios) from two rainfall gauges were used to perform the various types of drought frequency analysis. Especially, the fundamental theory to consider relationship between the return period and the exceedance probability in the bivariate analysis was described to suggested that Copula functions can effectively enhance drought frequency analysis.
TVNet: Multimodal Medical Image Fusion by Dual-branch Network with Vision Transformer and One-Shot Aggregation Module
Authors: Wang Jianguo , Jia Wenran , Geng Peng , Wu Pengfei , Zhang Yuting , Meng Xuguang
Published: August 2024

The task of medical image fusion is to synthesize complementary information from different modals medical images, which is of very significance for clinical diagnosis. The existing medical image fusion algorithms overly rely on convolution operations and cannot establish long-range dependencies on the source images. This can lead to edge blurring and loss of details in the fused images. Because the Transformer can effectively model long-range dependencies through self-attention, a novel and effective dual-branch feature enhancement network called as TVNet is proposed to fusing multimodal medical images. This network combines Transformer and CNN to extract global context information and local information to preserve detailed textures and highlight the structural characteristics in source images. Furthermore, to extract the multi-scale information of images, an enhancement module is used to obtain multi-scale characterization information, and the two branches information are efficiently aggregated at the same time. In addition, a hybrid loss function is designed to optimize the fusion results at three levels of structure, feature and gradient. Experiments results prove that the performance of the proposed fusion network outperforms seven state-of-the-art methods in both subjective visual effects and objective metrics.
Association between type 2 diabetes mellitus complications and NAFLD: Insights from the NHANES 2017-2020 and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wan Sizhe , Li Mingkai , Lu Sicun , Zhai Zhiyong , Wu Yuankai , Gong Wei
Published: August 2024

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a globally prevalent chronic liver disease strongly associated with obesity, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a subtype of diabetes mellitus characterized by insulin resistance, often accompanied by complications such as kidney disease, microangiopathy, and neuropathy. There is a strong association between T2DM and NAFLD; however, the causal link between T2DM and the development of NAFLD is unclear. We performed multivariable regression analyses to assess the association between T2DM complications (kidney disease and retinopathy) and NAFLD. Subsequently, we employed mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to evaluate the genetic determinants of T2DM complications on NAFLD, utilizing GWAS datasets. The results of the regression analysis showed that the presence of diabetic kidney disease and lower eGFR, rather than retinopathy, were positively correlated with NAFLD (β: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.40–3.75, p < 0.001; β: 2.94, 95% CI: 1.47–5.85, p = 0.002). However, the MR analysis did not reveal a causal relationship between T2DM-related kidney disease and NAFLD, in either the discovery or validation group (p > 0.05). In conclusion, this study suggests that while diabetic kidney disease is associated with NAFLD, there is no causal association between T2DM-related kidney disease and NAFLD. These findings could inform targeted prevention and treatment strategies.
The influence of socio-economic status on the fulfilment of Saint-Gallen recommendations for early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Dierssen-Sotos Trinidad , Gómez-Acebo Inés , Alonso-Molero Jéssica , Pérez-Gómez Beatriz , Guevara Marcela , Amiano Pilar , Castaño-Vinyals Gemma , Marcos-Delgado Alba , Mirones Mónica , Obón-Santacana Mireia , Fernández-Tardón Guillermo , Molina-Barceló Ana , Bayo Juan , Sanvisens Arantza , Fernández-Ortiz María , Fernández-Villa Tania , Espinosa Ana , Aizpurua Amaia , Ardanaz Eva , Aragonés Nuria , Kogevinas Manolis , Pollán Marina , Llorca Javier
Published: August 2024

Socio-economic status (SES) is related to breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. We study if SES is related to the adequacy of the treatment according to Saint Gallen consensus in Spanish women with incident breast cancer. Breast cancer cohort was assembled from incident cases from MCC-Spain and prospective followed-up afterwards. Participants were then classified according to the Saint-Gallen consensus in three categories (In Saint-Gallen, who received therapy accorded by Saint Gallen; Over Saint-Gallen, who received some additional therapy; or Under Saint-Gallen, who did not receive the complete therapy). Association between SES and Saint-Gallen fulfilment was analyzed using multinomial logistic regression, adjusting for clinicopathological variables. 1115 patients in stages I and II were included. Women with university education were three times more likely to receive over Saint-Gallen therapies (RRR = 3.29; 95%CI 1.77–6.11). We observed an 18% increase in the chances of being over Saint-Gallen per point of the SES score (RRR per point 1.18; 95%CI 1.07–1.29). In the simplified SES score, women with higher SES were over Saint-Gallen twice than those with lower SES (RRR = 2.45; 95%CI 1.47–4.09). Women with higher SES more often received over Saint-Gallen therapies. Further analyses are needed to understand the influence of these differences on the overall survival as well as its potential unwanted side effects.
Glial reactivity is linked to synaptic dysfunction across the aging and Alzheimer’s disease spectrum
Authors: Pascoal Tharick , Rohden Francieli , Ferreira Pamela , Bellaver Bruna , Ferrari-Souza João Pedro , Aguzzoli Cristiano , Soares Carolina , Abbas Sarah , Zalzale Hussein , Povala Guilherme , Lussier Firoza , Leffa Douglas , Bauer-Negrini Guilherme , Rahmouni Nesrine , Tissot Cécile , Therriault Joseph Therriault , Servaes Stijn , Stevenson Jenna , Benedet Andrea , Ashton Nicholas , Karikari Thomas , Tudorascu Dana , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Zimmer Eduardo , Souza Diogo , Rosa-Neto Pedro
Published: August 2024

Previous studies have shown that glial and neuronal changes may trigger synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer’s disease(AD). However, the link between glial and neuronal markers and synaptic abnormalities in the living brain is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the association between biomarkers of astrocyte and microglial reactivity and synaptic dysfunction in 478 individuals across the aging and AD spectrum from two cohorts with available CSF measures of amyloid-β(Aβ), phosphorylated tau(pTau181), astrocyte reactivity(GFAP), microglial activation(sTREM2), and synaptic biomarkers(GAP43 and neurogranin). Elevated CSF GFAP levels were linked to presynaptic and postsynaptic dysfunction, regardless of cognitive status or Aβ presence. CSF sTREM2 levels were associated with presynaptic biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired and impaired Aβ + individuals and postsynaptic biomarkers in cognitively impaired Aβ + individuals. Notably, CSF pTau181 levels mediated all associations between GFAP or sTREM2 levels and synaptic dysfunction biomarkers. These results suggest that neuronal-related synaptic biomarkers could be used in clinical trials targeting glial reactivity in AD.
Enhanced Thermal Characteristics of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells With Carbon Nanotube Catalysts for Aerospace Applications
Authors: Quadri Zainab Abiola , Shoge Mansurat , Abbe Godwin Eseosa , Mbada Ndubuisi Isaac
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) catalysts on the thermal characteristics of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) for aerospace applications. Using ANSYS Fluent 2022R1, a three-dimensional PEMFC model was simulated under three scenarios: Nafion membrane with a platinum-carbon (Pt/C) catalyst, polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane with a Pt/C catalyst, and acid-doped PBI membrane with a platinum-carbon nanotube (Pt/CNT) catalyst. Operating at 160°C and a voltage range of 0.9V to 0.2V, the thermal properties were analyzed. Results showed that the Nafion scenario had a significant voltage decline with increasing current density due to electrochemical and thermal limitations. The acid-doped PBI membrane exhibited enhanced performance with better electrochemical kinetics and reduced resistance. The acid-doped PBI membrane with Pt/CNT catalyst achieved a peak current density of 1.251 A/cm² at 0.2V and increased internal energy to over 100 kJ/kg, compared to 19.8 kJ/kg for Nafion and 46.3 kJ/kg for acid-doped PBI. This improvement was due to Pt/CNT's superior thermal conductivity and heat transfer properties. The Pt/CNT catalyst also enhanced PEMFC output by supporting better electrochemical reactions, proton conductivity, and energy conversion. Additionally, it modestly increased water concentration at the cathode outlet. These findings highlight the potential of the PBI membrane and Pt/CNT catalyst combination for advancing PEMFC technology in aerospace applications, addressing the challenges of elevated operating temperatures.
Plastic pollution emission factors: How much escapes, how far it goes, and how to intervene in the solid waste management system
Authors: Cottom Joshua W. , Cook Ed , Velis Costas A.
Published: August 2024

The United Nations have agreed to negotiate a legally binding instrument to eliminate plastic pollution which includes provisions to reduce environmental emissions of plastic through improved waste management. However, there is a paucity of scientific evidence to prioritize the actions which will have the greatest impact on plastic pollution mitigation and many of the specific emission and transmission pathways are highly challenging to observe and measure. To this, we apply an expert elicitation study to provide a systematic evidence base on which parts of the solid waste management (SWM) system have the highest potential for plastic emission as well as the effectiveness of specific interventions to reduce them. We found that SWM processes closer to the waste generator, such as the waste storage and collection stage, have the greatest potential for plastic emission, with the most effective mitigations often simple solutions, such as provision of rigid containers or ensuring waste is disposed of in bags. Our results contribute to a much-needed evidence base and demonstrate significant reduction in plastic debris emissions is achievable by deploying tangible and effective local SWM infrastructure and service interventions.
Effect of polysaccharide-coatings on deep-fried chicken breast physicochemical properties and nutritional composition
Authors: Okon Utibe Mfon , Nuamah Emmanuel , Jonathan Precious Peter , Essien Comfort Abel , Tushar Zahidul Hasan , Gardezi Zahra
Published: August 2024

Background: Using wheat flour coating food to reduce oil absorption during frying has been explored, but many alternatives exist.
Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of polysaccharide coatings on the physicochemical and nutritional composition of deep-fried chicken breast.
Materials and Methods: Pre-weighed marinated cut chunks of breast muscle were immersed in a treatment batter slurry of edible flour coatings (wheat, sweet potato, cassava, and cocoyam), refrigerated, and deep-fried. The deep-fried meats were analyzed for their proximate and mineral contents, whereas breaded meats were examined for their physicochemical properties.
Results: Coating did not influence the coating yield but significantly (p<0.0001) increased frying yield and pH (p = 0.0105). Nonetheless, edible coatings had no significant impact on meat lightness (p = 0.1481), redness (p = 0.3596), and yellowness (p = 0.6852). In addition, with crude fiber and energy, which did not vary, the value of deep-fried breast muscle’s proximate composition differed significantly among treatments (p<0.05). Likewise, all mineral parameters analyzed, except magnesium, varied among treatments (p<0.05). Notably, sweet potato markedly improved physicochemical and proximate attributes among the coating materials, whereas cocoyam provided a better mineral composition than wheat flour.
Conclusion: Alternative edible coatings significantly impacted deep-fried chicken breast’s physicochemical properties and nutrient and mineral composition. These findings suggest that alternative coatings can produce healthier chicken products. However, further research on their color is needed for better product acceptability.
Evaluating the Impact of Environmental Semantic Distractions on Multimodal Large Language Models
Authors: Kuhozido Simon , Dunfield Graham , Ostrich Emily , Waterhouse Caleb
Published: August 2024

Multimodal models integrating visual and textual data have transformed artificial intelligence applications by providing more holistic and contextually aware responses. However, the susceptibility of these models to environmental semantic distractions poses a significant challenge, as it can compromise their performance and reliability in real-world scenarios. This article evaluates the impact of semantic distractions on ChatGPT-4o and Claude 3.5 Sonnet, revealing critical vulnerabilities in their interpretative and generative capabilities. A comprehensive methodology was employed, involving the creation of controlled input variations and the systematic introduction of distractions to assess model performance. Findings indicate a substantial decline in accuracy, coherence, and consistency with increasing levels of distraction, highlighting the need for targeted improvements in model robustness. Advanced attention mechanisms, adversarial training techniques, and synthetic data augmentation are proposed as potential strategies to enhance model resilience. Despite the controlled nature of the study, the insights gained prove the importance of developing more robust multimodal models capable of maintaining high performance amidst environmental noise. Future research directions include evaluating models in more naturalistic settings and expanding the range of assessed distractions to better capture real-world complexity.
Exploring the Efficacy of Integrating ChatGPT and Padlet for Augmenting Reading and Writing Proficiency among engineering students
Authors: Binu
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of integrating ChatGPT and Padlet platforms to augment reading and writing proficiency among engineering students. In an increasingly digital learning landscape, leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) tools like ChatGPT alongside collaborative platforms such as Padlet holds promise for enhancing language skills acquisition. The research adopts a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative analysis of pre- and post-intervention reading and writing assessments with qualitative examination of student perceptions and experiences. Engineering students are engaged in interactive reading and writing tasks facilitated by ChatGPT-generated prompts on Padlet. Data collection includes student performance metrics, feedback surveys, and textual analysis of student interactions. Preliminary findings suggest that the integration of ChatGPT and Padlet positively impacts reading comprehension, writing fluency, and engagement levels among engineering students. However, challenges related to technical issues, instructional design, and potential bias in data interpretation are identified. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on AI-enhanced language learning and provides insights for educators seeking innovative approaches to support literacy development in specialized academic contexts.
Evolução temporal do baixo peso e excesso de peso entre gestantes brasileiras adolescentes e adultas
Authors: Da Silva Millyam Karem Mariano , Silveira Victor Nogueira da Cruz , Araujo Luiz Henrique Banguim , Frota Karoline de Macêdo Gonçalves , De Carvalho Carolina Abreu , Viola Poliana Cristina de Almeida Fonseca
Published: August 2024

Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução das prevalências de baixo peso e excesso de peso entre gestantes adolescentes e adultas nas diferentes regiões brasileiras acompanhadas pelo Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (SISVAN) entre os anos de 2010 e 2019. Método: Estudo ecológico incluindo todas as gestantes atendidas na Atenção Primária à Saúde, em todas as regiões (Norte, Nordeste, Centro-Oeste, Sudeste e Sul) do Brasil. As tendências das prevalências de baixo peso e excesso de peso entre as gestantes adultas e adolescentes entre 2010 e 2019 foram analisadas por modelos de regressão por pontos de inflexão (joinpoint regression analysis). Resultados: As prevalências de baixo peso em gestantes adolescentes diminuíram ao longo dos anos no Brasil (p = 0,040), porém menos na região Centro-Oeste (p = 0,164). Já o baixo peso em gestantes adultas diminuiu no Brasil (p < 0,001) e em todas as macrorregiões ao longo dos anos. A prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade aumentou entre as gestantes adolescentes e adultas no Brasil (p < 0,001) e em todas as macrorregiões. Conclusão: As gestantes brasileiras atendidas na Atenção Primária são acometidas por uma dupla carga de desvios nutricionais, que aumentam o risco de desfechos desfavoráveis para a mãe e o bebê.
Acute coronary syndromes did not decrease during COVID-19 pandemic in an isolated Greek population
Authors: Didagelos Matthaios , Afendoulis Dimitrios , Karlafti Eleni , Moutafi Maria , Tsavdaris Dimitrios , Voutas Petros , Garoufalis Stefanos , Papagiannis Nikolaos , Smyrnioudis Nikolaos , Ziakas Antonios , Kartalis Athanasios
Published: August 2024

Introduction: There are worldwide reports that hospital admissions for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) have declined during the COVID-19 pandemic. Chios is a Greek island with only one confirmed coronavirus case during the lockdown. This study aimed to compare admissions for ACS in Chios General Hospital, Greece, between the COVID-19 lockdown period and the same period in the previous year.Methods: Retrospective record analysis of an isolated insular population referring to the only district hospital on the island. ACS incidence, type, and complications were recorded and compared between 26/02/2020-04/05/2020 and between 26/02/2019-04/05/2019.Results: ACS hospital admissions in 2020 were 1.72/10,000 inhabitants vs. 1.03/10,000 inhabitants in 2019 (p=0.317). No differences in ACS type, duration from symptom onset to first medical contact, hemodynamic status, left ventricular function at discharge, or complications were recorded.Conclusion: The incidence of ACS did not decrease and the prognosis was not worse during the COVID-19 pandemic in a strictly isolated Greek insular population not overwhelmed by coronavirus cases.
The Influence of Environmental Conditions and Vineyard Management Practices on the Composition and Content of Carotenoids in Grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.). A Review
Authors: Anic M. , Karoglan M. , Osrecak M. , Karoglan-Kontic J.
Published: August 2024

Carotenoids are plant pigments that are important for photosynthesis and photo-protection. In recent years there has been great interest in the role of carotenoids in grapevines. The reason for this interest is that carotenoids are substrates for the synthesis of C13-norisoprenoids, which have a major influence on wine aroma. To optimise the concentration of C13-norisoprenoids in grapes and wine, the environmental conditions and vineyard management practices that may affect carotenoid metabolism in grapes need to be better understood. This paper reviews recent studies on vineyard management practices in terms of carotenoid accumulation, discusses grapevine plasticity, and provides new perspectives for understanding grapevine physiology in response to environmental conditions that affect carotenoid synthesis.
Drug Repositioning and Artificial Intelligence: Is It a Promising Approach to be Used for Neglected Diseases?
Authors: Bongiovani Fernanda , A. Ferreira-Junior Marcos , S. Santos Soraya , G. Vargas Jeanine , I. A. Ferreira Elizabeth
Published: August 2024

Drug repositioning involves the use of a determined drug in a different indication and has been widely used for some therapeutic classes. Artificial intelligence, in turn, has been a trend in the modern world of innovation, including in drug design. Those approaches are apparently paradoxical (the former is not considered as properly an innovative method to introduce new molecules/drugs into the market, although the latter is) can be used as complementary. In this review, we present some concepts of both methods, their advantages, possible disadvantages, and some applications in drug design in general to improve different aspects of drug development. Examples of the use of both methods together have been given for many therapeutic classes. Notwithstanding, their application in the search for drugs for neglected diseases, although somehow stimulated, deserves more discussion, mainly in light of the social aspects of these infections.
The Influence of Compensation on Life Insurance Agents’ Work Performance in Surabaya
Authors: Fatimah Nuzulul , Putra Riyan Sisiawan , Mateen Abdul , Safa'at Safa'at , Sanggarwati Diah Ayu
Published: August 2024

The most important thing in the insurance industry to remain sustainable and able to compete in this era of globalization, one of which is the role of agents. Agents as salespeople in insurance companies are the spearhead of the company. Apart from that, Insurance Agents have a big duty and responsibility in providing education to the public about the benefits of insurance and changing the anti-insurance mindset of the public to become insurance minded. Therefore, it is a crucial thing to research regarding agent work performance, and one of the factors that influences agent work performance is in terms of compensation, where there is financial and non-financial compensation received by insurance agents. This research aims to determine the influence of financial and non-financial compensation variables on the work performance of insurance agents in Surabaya. This research uses a quantitative method using a descriptive approach that focuses on hypothesis testing, with statistical analysis and produces conclusions that can be generalized. The population used in this research was insurance agents in Surabaya, totaling 800 people. The sampling technique in this research was random sampling technique, using the Slovin formula to determine the sample size from the total population. The data collection method uses a questionnaire, which is then processed using; validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test and multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS 22 software. The research results show that there is a positive influence between the independent variable and the dependent variable, Financial Compensation and Non-Financial Compensation partially and simultaneously have an effect significant impact on Insurance Agent Work Performance in Surabaya.
The Impact of Profitability, Company Size Asset Growth On The Capital Structure
Authors: Jibrail Ahmad , Akbar Arya Zulfikar , Hartini Hartini
Published: August 2024

The objective of this study was to assess and examine the impact of profitability, business size, and sales growth on the capital structure of manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2018 and 2022. The study encompassed a total of 140 manufacturing businesses that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange over the period from 2018 to 2022. The employed sample approach is purposive sampling. The analysis technique employed utilises the IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) programme, specifically version 20. The findings indicated that profitability, firm size, and sales growth exerted a favourable and statistically significant impact on the capital structure. The implication of this research is that company management should prioritise enhancing performance by focusing on profit management, making informed decisions to achieve sustainable profits, efficiently and effectively controlling costs, and effectively managing resources to foster continuous growth and development into a large company. Choosing the appropriate finance source for the company's operating activity.