bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization for Device Figure of Merit of Ferroelectric Tunnel FET using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Guenifi Naima , Rahi Shiromani Balmukund , Benmahdi Faiza , Chaabane Houda
Published: January 2023

Tunnel FET is a gate-controlled, field effect transistor, followed band to band tunneling (BTBT) transport of charge carriers, having low subthreshold swing (SS < 60 Mv decade−1|T = 300 K). With tunnel FET, low-ION is a built-in problem, that limits its universal adaptability high-speed low-power uses. To overcome, this limitation of tunnel FET, a conventional double gate TFET has acquired for analysis having ferroelectric (BaTiO3)/HfO2 gate materials and source/channel region with Si1−xGex/Si semiconductor channel composition.The present device design techniques enhanced the ION and put down the subthreshold swing(SS). The analysis results by using the Silvaco simulator shows improvement in switching current(ION) approximately ∼103 times better than conventional DGTFET,without affecting the IOFF. Ultimately the change in ION∼order of 10−8 A μm−1 to 10−5 A μ has been measured for VDS ∼ 0.5 V at room temperature. The IOFF ( ∼10−20 A μm−1) has been measured. In addition to this, first time genetic algorithm has been used for the optimization of ferroelectric tunnel FET (Fe-Tunnel FET) device design parameters like a subthreshold swing (SS), ambipolar current (Iamb) and IONby using device deign parameters, doping (NS, ND), dielectric (εOX) and work function (WF).The research conclusion shows that Fe-Tunnel can play in lead backgroundfor super low power applications in advanced VLSI circuit and system.
Impacts of service learning-based social responsibility training on medical students
Authors: Demirören Meral , Atılgan Bürge
Published: January 2023

Social responsibility is a fundamental value among physicians, who must maintain a positive attitude toward it during medical education by providing community service. Providing service learning-based experiences with reflection opportunities throughout medical education supports the development of medical students’ understanding of social responsibility, which can be strengthened with a supportive corporate culture and by improving the faculty’s role-modeling and tutoring skills.
Adsorption of Arsenic, Lead, Cadmium, and Chromium Ions from Aqueous Solution Using a Protonated Chabazite: Preparation, Characterization, and Removal Mechanism
Authors: Pinedo-Torres Laura Alejandra , Bonilla-Petriciolet Adrián , García-Arreola María Elena , Villagrana-Pacheco Yenetzi , Castañeda-Miranda Ana G. , Berber-Mendoza María Selene
Published: January 2023

The adsorption of As(V), Pb(II), Cd(II), and Cr(III) ions from aqueous solutions on natural and modified chabazite was studied. The functionalization of chabazite was performed via a protonation and calcination with the aim of generating Lewis acid sites to improve its anion exchange properties. The surface and physicochemical properties of both adsorbents were studied and compared. The adsorption isotherms of tested heavy metal ions were quantified and modeled to identify the best isotherm equation. Steric parameters for the adsorption of these ions were also calculated with a monolayer statistical physics model. Natural chabazite showed the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(II), while the modified zeolite improved its As(V) properties in 79%. These results showed that the modified zeolite was able to remove both cations and anions from aqueous solution. The application of this functionalized chabazite can be extended for the removal of other anionic pollutants from water, thus opening the possibility of preparing new adsorbents with tailored properties for water treatment.
Integrated Process for Developing and Selecting More or Less Better Products Based on QFD and MCGP
Authors: Wu Chih-Fu , Wu Chung-Jen , Chen Hsiang-Ju
Published: January 2023

As consumer needs for product features change rapidly, companies must develop new products (NPD) that satisfy these needs in the shortest possible time. Consumer product selection behavior is generally overlooked when developing new products. This is a more complicated problem for consumers belonging to multiple types, such as hospitals and patients. Quality function deployment (QFD) is a good and commonly used method for product design and selection. Choosing the right product design for a company is a crucial strategic consideration to satisfy the needs of consumers and the company’s technical requirements. Designing a new product is multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM). In this study, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), QFD, and multichoice goal programming (MCGP) were combined to address the design and selection of new products. This integrated method considers both tangible (qualitative) and intangible (quantitative) factors, as well as “the higher criterion is better” and “the lower criteria is better” when selecting new design projects. To prove the practicality and sustainable value of the model, we considered a Taiwanese company that developed medical aid products as an example. This paper suggests a good decision‐making tool for selecting a new product design based on “more is better/less is better” criteria.
Inhibition of STAT6 with Antisense Oligonucleotides Enhances the Systemic Antitumor Effects of Radiotherapy and Anti–PD-1 in Metastatic Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: He Kewen , Barsoumian Hampartsoum B. , Puebla-Osorio Nahum , Hu Yun , Sezen Duygu , Wasley Mark D. , Bertolet Genevieve , Zhang Jie , Leuschner Carola , Yang Liangpeng , Kettlun Leyton Claudia S. , Fowlkes Natalie Wall , Green Morgan Maureen , Hettrick Lisa , Chen Dawei , Masrorpour Fatemeh , Gu Meidi , Maazi Hadi , Revenko Alexey S. , Cortez Maria Angelica , Welsh James W.
Published: January 2023

Diverse factors contribute to the limited clinical response to radiotherapy (RT) and immunotherapy in metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), among which is the ability of these tumors to recruit a retinue of suppressive immune cells—such as M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAM)—thereby establishing an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment that contributes to tumor progression and radio resistance. M2 TAMs are activated by the STAT6 signaling pathway. Therefore, we targeted STAT6 using an antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) along with hypofractionated RT (hRT; 3 fractions of 12 Gy each) to primary tumors in three bilateral murine NSCLC models (Lewis lung carcinoma, 344SQ-parental, and anti–PD-1–resistant 344SQ lung adenocarcinomas). We found that STAT6 ASO plus hRT slowed growth of both primary and abscopal tumors, decreased lung metastases, and extended survival. Interrogating the mechanism of action showed reduced M2 macrophage tumor infiltration, enhanced TH1 polarization, improved T-cell and macrophage function, and decreased TGFβ levels. The addition of anti–PD-1 further enhanced systemic antitumor responses. These results provide a preclinical rationale for the pursuit of an alternative therapeutic approach for patients with immune-resistant NSCLC.
RBCK1 Overexpression Attenuates Inflammation and Mobility of Derp1-Induced Nasal Mucosal Cells by Downregulating NLRP3
Authors: Du Jingwei , Peng Lijuan , Feng Jun , Zhang Tao
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa, the incidence of which can reach 10–30% worldwide. RBCK1 (RANBP2-type and C3HC4-type zinc finger-containing 1) is a protein found in nasal epithelial cells; however, its function is not fully understood. Methods: In this study, RT-qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect RBCK1 expression in the nasal epithelial tissues of AR and non-AR patients. Next, an AR cell model was established by using the house dust mite allergen (Derp1), and the model cells were then transfected with RBCK1 or NLRP3 overexpression plasmids. Subsequently, RBCK1 expression was detected, and IL-18, IL-33, and LDH levels were determined with ELISA kits. NF-κB and p-NF-κB expression was monitored by Western blotting, and cell migration and invasion were assessed by transwell assays. Results: Our results showed that the AR model cells were successfully created by Derp1 stimulation and that BCK1 was expressed at low levels in the nasal epithelial tissues of AR patients and AR model cells. We also found that overexpression of RBCK1 could prevent inflammation and the migration and invasion of Derp1-mediated AR model cells. Moreover, NLRP3 was found to help prevent RBCK1 overexpression during the inflammation and mobility of AR model cells. Conclusions: RBCK1 overexpression suppressed the inflammatory and mobility progression of AR model cells by downregulating NLRP3. Our data suggest RBCK1 as an important target for AR therapy.
High Accuracy of a Simplified, Practical Algorithm in Differentiating Crohn’s Disease from Intestinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Hilmi Ida Normiha , Nik Muhamad Affendi Nik Arsyad , Shahrani Shahreedhan , Thalha Abdul Malik , Leow Alex Hwong-Ruey , Khoo Xin-Hui
Published: January 2023

Background: The differentiation between intestinal tuberculosis (ITB) and Crohn’s disease (CD) remains a challenge, particularly in areas where tuberculosis is highly prevalent. Previous studies have identified features that favour one diagnosis over the other. The aim of the study was to determine the accuracy of a standardized protocol in the initial diagnosis of CD versus ITB. Methods: All patients with suspected ITB or CD were prospectively recruited. A standardized protocol was applied, and the diagnosis was made accordingly. The protocol consists of history and examination, ileocolonoscopy with biopsies, and tuberculosis workup. The diagnosis of probable ITB was made based on at least one positive finding. All other patients were diagnosed as probable CD. Patients were treated either with anti-tubercular therapy or steroids. Reassessment was then carried out clinically, biochemically, and endoscopically. In patients with suboptimal response, the treatment was either switched or escalated depending on the reassessment. Results: 164 patients were recruited with final diagnosis of 30 (18.3%) ITB and 134 (81.7%) CD. 1 (3.3%) out of 30 patients with ITB was initially treated as CD. 16 (11.9%) out of 134 patients with CD were initially treated as ITB. The initial overall accuracy for the protocol was 147/164 (89.6%). All patients received the correct diagnosis by 12 weeks after reassessment. Conclusion: In our population, most patients had CD rather than ITB. The standardized protocol had a high accuracy in differentiating CD from ITB.
A Pilot Study of Application of the Stroke Riskometer Mobile App for Assessment of the Course and Clinical Outcomes of COVID-19 among Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Merkin Alexander , Akinfieva Sofya , Medvedev Oleg N. , Krishnamurthi Rita , Gutsaluk Alexey , Reips Ulf-Dietrich , Kuliev Rufat , Dinov Evgeny , Nikiforov Igor , Shamalov Nikolay , Shafran Polina , Popova Lyudmila , Burenchev Dmitry , Feigin Valery
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Early determination of COVID-19 severity and health outcomes could facilitate better treatment of patients. Different methods and tools have been developed for predicting outcomes of COVID-19, but they are difficult to use in routine clinical practice. Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of inpatients aged 20–92 years, diagnosed with COVID-19 to determine whether their individual 5-year absolute risk of stroke at the time of hospital admission predicts the course of COVID-19 severity and mortality. The risk of stroke was determined by the Stroke Riskometer mobile application. Results: We examined 385 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 (median age 61 years). The participants were categorized based on COVID-19 severity: 271 (70.4%) to the “not severe” and 114 (29.6%) to the “severe” groups. The median risk of stroke the next day after hospitalization was significantly higher among patients in the severe group (2.83, 95% CI: 2.35–4.68) versus the not severe group (1.11, 95% CI: 1.00–1.29). The median risk of stroke and median systolic blood pressure (SBP) were significantly higher among non-survivors (12.04, 95% CI: 2.73–21.19) and (150, 95% CI: 140–170) versus survivors (1.31, 95% CI: 1.14–1.52) and (134, 95% CI: 130–135), respectively. Those who spent more than 2.5 h a week on physical activity were 3.1 times more likely to survive from COVID-19. Those who consumed more than one standard alcohol drink a day, or suffered with atrial fibrillation, or had poor memory were 2.5, 2.3, and 2.6 times more likely not to survive from COVID-19, respectively. Conclusions: High risk of stroke, physical inactivity, alcohol intake, high SBP, and atrial fibrillation are associated with severity and mortality of COVID-19. Our findings suggest that the Stroke Riskometer app could be used as a simple predictive tool of COVID-19 severity and mortality.
Natural Vitamin E Supplementation during Pregnancy in Rats Increases RRR-α-Tocopherol Stereoisomer Proportion and Enhances Fetal Antioxidant Capacity, Compared to Synthetic Vitamin E Administration
Authors: Gázquez Antonio , Sánchez-Campillo María , Arnao Marino B. , Barranco Alejandro , Rueda Ricardo , Jensen Søren Krogh , Chan Jia Pei , Kuchan Matthew J. , Larqué Elvira
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Low dietary intake of vitamin E is a global public health issue. RRR-α-tocopherol (RRR-αT) is the only naturally occurring vitamin E stereoisomer, but the equimolecular mixture of all eight stereoisomers, synthetic vitamin E (S-αT), is commonly consumed. The objective of this study was to evaluate bioavailability and antioxidant activity of RRR-αT versus S-αT, in both mother and fetus, after maternal supplementation during pregnancy. Methods: Female rats (7 weeks of age) received a modified AIN-93G diet supplemented with 75 IU/kg of RRR-αT (NVE, n = 20) or S-αT (SVE, n = 17). At delivery, the levels of αT, stereoisomer distribution, and antioxidant capacity were analyzed in maternal and fetal plasma. Results: NVE administration significantly increased the proportion of RRR-αT stereoisomer in maternal and fetal plasma. The percentage of RRR-αT increased from 32.76% to 88.33% in maternal plasma, and 35.25% to 97.94% in fetal plasma, in the NVE group compared to SVE. Fetal plasma from the NVE group was found to have higher total antioxidant capacity compared to SVE. Lastly, fetal plasma RRR-αT stereoisomer percentage was positively associated with expression levels of scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) in the placenta. Conclusions: Both natural and synthetic sources of vitamin E showed similar bioavailability. Still, NVE supplementation increased the proportion of RRR-αT and promoted higher antioxidant activity in fetal plasma at birth. Placental SR-B1 might be involved in the stereoselective transfer of RRR-αT stereoisomer across the placenta and may improve αT bioactivity in the fetus.
Biodiversity of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in the protected landscape of Nandhour, Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Chandra Hem , Arya Manoj Kumar , Verma Aman
Published: January 2023

An appraisal of butterfly species composition in terms of comparative diversity richness in various habitat types was conducted in and around the Nandhour Wildlife Sanctuary of Terai Arc landscape in Uttarakhand. During the two years of survey period (March 2018–February 2020), a total of 89 species of butterflies belonging to families Nymphalidae 43 species, Pieridae 15 species, Lycaenidae 13 species, Hesperiidae eight species, Papilionidae seven species, and Riodinidae three species were recorded, of which 46 species represented new records for the Nandhour Landscape. Butterfly diversity and richness were highest in dense moist & open dry riverine forests and lowest in human settlements & agricultural land. No significant differences in the number of species were found in moist mixed deciduous forest, subtropical Chir Pine forest, moist Bhabar Sal forest, moist Shiwalik Sal forest, and plantation forest. Eight species are endemic to the Indian Himalayan Region.
The Marine Otter Lontra felina (Molina, 1782) (Mammalia: Carnivora: Mustelidae) along the marine protected areas in Peru
Authors: Pizarro-Neyra Jose
Published: January 2023

Lontra felina (Molina, 1782) or Marine Otter is an endangered species according to the IUCN Red List and lives mainly on the rocky coast of Peru and Chile. In Peru it inhabits some marine protected areas, ports and some rivers. To determine the current state of conservation, monitoring data of National Reserves of Paracas, San Fernando & the Guano´s Islands, Islets & Capes National Reserve System were analysed as well as the management plans of each marine protected area. According to the results, the Marine Otter is only a target species in the Paracas Reserve. The Guano´s Islands, Islets & Capes National Reserve System is a network of mini-reserves that maintains the largest population of Marine Otters in Peru in at least 14 of its 33 protected sites. The effectiveness of management for L. felina is only verified in the case of the National Reserve of Paracas.
Rhynchostegiella menadensis (Sande Lac.) E.B. Bartram and R. scabriseta (Schwagr.) Broth.: two new records of mosses (Brachytheciaceae: Bryophyta) for peninsular India
Authors: V.K. Rajilesh  , C.N. Manju  , R. Prakashkumar
Published: January 2023

Rhynchostegiella menadensis (Sande Lac) E.B. Bartram and R. scabriseta (Schwagr.) Broth. are the two species in the moss genus Rhynchostegiella from the family Brachytheciaceae, previously known only from northern India, is now recorded for the first time from peninsular India. They are described in detail along with a photoplate.
First occurrence record of Indian Roundleaf Bat Hipposideros lankadiva in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Khandal Dharmendra , Bohra Dau Lal , Talmale Shyamkant S.
Published: January 2023

An erroneously cited text of Wason by subsequent authors has led to the assumption that Hipposideros lankadiva was first recorded in Rajasthan in the Bhim Bharak caves of Jodhpur. A careful review of Wason’s note revealed that it in fact mentioned another species from the genus, H. fulvus. This erroneous citation has led to several research articles published on the ecological aspects of this species to be misinformed. The authors discovered a small population of H. lankadiva in eastern Rajasthan and have monitored this new population since 2010. Since the Bhim Bharak cave location is erroneous, Kased Cave (26.2209N, 77.1024E) is the only location of H. lankadiva for Rajasthan and is therefore the first record of the species from the state.
Assessing illegal trade networks of two species of pangolins through a questionnaire survey in Nepal
Authors: Phuyal Nikita , Sadadev Bipana Maiya , Reeta Khulal  , Rashmi Bhatt  , Santosh Bajagain  , Raut Nirjala , Dhami Bijaya
Published: January 2023

Pangolins are among the most extensively traded taxa in southeastern Asia mainly due to the perceived medicinal value of their scales and other body parts, putting them at risk of extinction, however, little is known about their trade status in Nepal. The purpose of the study was to assess the status of pangolin trade in Makwanpur district of Nepal. Semi-structured interview with household (n = 90), key informant survey (n = 15), Four focus group discussion at each study site was conducted. Seizure data (2015–2019) were gathered from the law enforcement agencies to identify and analyze the major trade routes. The majority of the respondents (63%) were well aware of the protection status of pangolins. Further, our study found that historically local peoples used pangolin body parts in making rings, bags, jackets, and musical instruments but at present they stopped it. Pangolin traders were typically middle-aged men and unemployed youth. Majority of the hunting was found to be opportunistic but when pangolins were caught, they were generally sold for additional income. Currently, the seizure data has shown the declining trend of pangolin trade within the Makwanpur district. Community forest user groups and community based anti-poaching units are working actively for the conservation and promulgation of threatened pangolins in the Makwanpur district which had long served as a major trade route to China. Thus, we advocate strengthening border security and the formation of community-based anti-poaching units, followed by mobilization, anti-poaching trainings, security assurance, and incentives for worthy conservation results in pangolin-rich communities. Further, we recommend sustained conservation awareness programs, in addition to alternative livelihood opportunities, for the long-term conservation of pangolins and their habitat.
First photographic evidence of Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata Geoffroy, 1803 (Mammalia: Pholidota: Manidae), in Colonel Sher Jung National Park, Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Nidhi , Bhatt Urjit , Chaudhary Saurav , Lyngdoh Salvador
Published: January 2023

The Indian Pangolin Manis crassicaudata is ‘Endangered’ on the IUCN Red List. We report the first photographic evidence of its presence in Colonel Sher Jung National Park of Paonta Valley in Himachal Pradesh. Camera-traps (n = 64) were used to assess the diversity and abundance of terrestrial mammals. Over 1,912 trap nights, we documented 16 mammals, of which the Indian Pangolin was photo-captured at a single camera-trap station with two independent records. Although the presence of species has been indicated in a few studies conducted in the study area, no photographic evidence of the Indian Pangolin from the National Park has previously been reported. We strongly recommend additional fieldwork in and around the protected area to learn more about the Indian Pangolin’s distribution, habitat use, and ecology.
Digital Twins for Predictive, Preventive Personalized, and Participatory Treatment of Immune-Mediated Diseases
Authors: Benson Mikael
Published: January 2023

Digital twins are computational models of complex systems, which aim to understand and optimize those systems more effectively than would be possible in real life. Ideally, digital twins can be translated to individual patients, to characterize and computationally treat their diseases with thousands of drugs, to select the drug or drugs that cure the patients. The background problem is that many patients do not respond adequately to drug treatment. This problem reflects a wide gap between the complexity of diseases and clinical practice. Each disease may involve altered interactions between thousands of genes that vary between different cell types in different organs. To our knowledge, these altered interactions have not been characterized on a genome-, cellulome-, and organ-wide scale in any disease. Thus, clinical translation of the digital twin ideal for predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory treatment involves formidable challenges, which are close to the limits of, or beyond today’s technologies. Here, I discuss recent developments and challenges in relation to that ideal focusing on immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, as well as examples from other diseases.
Circulating Extracellular Vesicle-Propagated microRNA Signature as a Vascular Calcification Factor in Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Koide Takaaki , Mandai Shintaro , Kitaoka Reo , Matsuki Hisazumi , Chiga Motoko , Yamamoto Kouhei , Yoshioka Kotaro , Yagi Yohsuke , Suzuki Soichiro , Fujiki Tamami , Ando Fumiaki , Mori Takayasu , Susa Koichiro , Iimori Soichiro , Naito Shotaro , Sohara Eisei , Rai Tatemitsu , Yokota Takanori , Uchida Shinichi
Published: January 2023

Background:

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) accelerates vascular calcification via phenotypic switching of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We investigated the roles of circulating small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) between the kidneys and VSMCs and uncovered relevant sEV-propagated microRNAs (miRNAs) and their biological signaling pathways.

Methods and Results:

We established CKD models in rats and mice by adenine-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Cultures of A10 embryonic rat VSMCs showed increased calcification and transcription of osterix (
Sp7
), osteocalcin (
Bglap
), and osteopontin (
Spp1
) when treated with rat CKD serum. sEVs, but not sEV-depleted serum, accelerated calcification in VSMCs. Intraperitoneal administration of a neutral sphingomyelinase and biogenesis/release inhibitor of sEVs, GW4869 (2.5 mg/kg per 2 days), inhibited thoracic aortic calcification in CKD mice under a high-phosphorus diet. GW4869 induced a nearly full recovery of calcification and transcription of osteogenic marker genes. In CKD, the miRNA transcriptome of sEVs revealed a depletion of 4 miRNAs,
miR-16-5p
,
miR-17~92
cluster-originated
miR-17-5p
/
miR-20a-5p
, and
miR-106b-5p
. Their expression decreased in sEVs from CKD patients as kidney function deteriorated. Transfection of VSMCs with each miRNA-mimic mitigated calcification. In silico analyses revealed VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A) as a convergent target of these miRNAs. We found a 16-fold increase in
VEGFA
transcription in the thoracic aorta of CKD mice under a high-phosphorus diet, which GW4869 reversed. Inhibition of VEGFA-VEGFR2 signaling with sorafenib, fruquintinib, sunitinib, or
VEGFR2
-targeted siRNA mitigated calcification in VSMCs. Orally administered fruquintinib (2.5 mg/kg per day) for 4 weeks suppressed the transcription of osteogenic marker genes in the mouse aorta. The area under the curve of
miR-16-5p
,
miR-17-5p
,
20a-5p
, and
miR-106b-5p
for the prediction of abdominal aortic calcification was 0.7630, 0.7704, 0.7407, and 0.7704, respectively.

Conclusions:

The miRNA transcriptomic signature of circulating sEVs uncovered their pathologic role, devoid of the calcification-protective miRNAs that target VEGFA signaling in CKD-driven vascular calcification. These sEV-propagated miRNAs are potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for vascular calcification.
Mendicants, Minimalism, and Method: Franciscan Scientific Travel in the Early Modern French Atlantic
Authors: Kellman Jordan
Published: January 2023

This article explores the scientific travels of French members of mendicant orders in the early modern Atlantic World. The Royal Cosmographer André Thevet, the Capuchin Claude D’Abbeville and the Minim Charles Plumier demonstrate a coherent but evolving Franciscan perspective in missionary scientific observation on the colonial frontier. It argues that the Franciscan monastic tradition, the Franciscan reform movement, and the teachings of the Minim order interacted with the colonial landscape and encounters with local environments and indigenous peoples in the Atlantic and Caribbean to produce a unique tradition of natural knowledge production. This tradition culminates in the convergence of the Minim worldview with the cartographic and observational program of the Paris Academy of Sciences in the Atlantic voyages of the French Minim friar and scientific traveler Louis Feuillée at the turn of the eighteenth century.
The Role of Polylactic-Coglycolic Acid-Coated Electrospinning Nanoscaffold-Mediated Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration and Its Relationship with Vitamin D Receptor
Authors: Chen Yanan , Zhang Xin , Zhang Shaohui , Hou Ling , Chen Jumei , Chen Song , Liu Yuemei , Wang Yujie
Published: January 2023

Using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polylactic coglycolic acid (PLGA), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β1) as raw materials, PLGA-coated electrospun nanoscaffold (ESNS) PVA-TGF-β1@PLGA was prepared by the coaxial ES method. Its characterization was
analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Seventy-five healthy New Zealand rabbits were randomly rolled into the control group (no treatment, group C), model group (intervertebral disc
degeneration (IDD) model, group M), and nanofiber scaffold group (implant PVA- TGF-β1@PLGA, group P). HE staining was adopted to visualize the histological morphology of the intervertebral disc (IVD) endplate in the different groups. Sox-9, Collagen type II, and Aggrecan genes
in different groups of IVD endplate tissues were detected by qPCR. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Wnt3α, β-catenin, glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), and vitamin D receptor (VDR) protein in IVD endplate tissues of different groups
was detected by immunohistochemistry. IVD VDR protein and IDD-related protein levels were detected by Western blot. Linear trend tests and correlations were adopted to analyze the relationship between different degrees of IDD and VDR level. The results showed that the average particle size
of the PVA-TGF-β1@PLGA NSs was approximately 415 nm, and Fourier infrared detection proved that PVA-TGF-β1@PLGA NSs were prepared. Sox-9, Collagen Type II, and Aggrecan gene levels in group M were notably inferior to those in group C (P < 0.05). Sox-9, collagen
type II, and aggrecan gene levels in group P were substantially increased versus group M (P < 0.05). β-catenin level in groups P and M was greatly superior to that in group C (P < 0.05). GSK-3β and VEGF levels in group P were increased relative to
group M (P < 0.05), while that of Wnt3α was decreased (P < 0.05). Western blotting confirmed that there was a negative relationship between the expression of IDD-related proteins and VDR. The results showed that PLGA-coated ESNS could promote Collagen II expression
in the matrix of the nucleus pulposus (NP), reduce proteoglycan loss, and promote cell proliferation and differentiation by regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (Wnt/β Sig). VDR level was negatively correlated with the development of IDD in rats.
Design and Simulation of Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells with a Hole Transport Layer Made of NiO Nanocomposite
Authors: Umar Ahmad , Singh Pravin Kumar , Sadanand  , Dwivedi D. K. , Ibrahim Ahmed A. , Alhamami Mohsen A. M. , Qasem Hussam , Akbar Sheikh , Baskoutas S.
Published: January 2023

Large-scale commercial manufacture and photovoltaic field use of lead halide perovskites are hampered by the toxicity of lead. For the development of ecologically acceptable lead-free perovskite solar cells, some innovative non-or low-toxic perovskite materials have been investigated.
In past few years, there has been a lot of study into using lead-free perovskite solar cells and many studies have been done to improve the power conversion efficiency and sustainability of such solar cells. The effects of NiO nanocomposite as hole transport layer on, open-circuit voltage
(Voc), short-circuit current density (Jsc), Fill Factor and power conversion efficiency (PCE) are studied in this study. Solar cell limiting factor such as variation of thickness in absorber layer, hole transport layer and electron transport layer, bandgap, operating
temperature of solar cell have been investigated. After the simulation and optimization of proposed device 23.28% of power conversion efficiency has been achieved.
On the Origins of Vorticity in a Simulated Tornado-Like Vortex
Authors: Dahl Johannes M. L. , Fischer Jannick
Published: January 2023

The authors explore the dynamical origins of rotation of a mature tornado-like vortex (TLV) using an idealized numerical simulation of a supercell thunderstorm. Using 30-min forward parcel trajectories that terminate at the base of the TLV, the vorticity dynamics are analyzed for n = 7 parcels. Aside from the integration of the individual terms of the traditional vorticity equation, an alternative formulation of the vorticity equation and its integral, here referred to as vorticity source decomposition, is employed. This formulation is derived on the basis of Truesdell’s “basic vorticity formula,” which is obtained by first formulating the vorticity in material (Lagrangian) coordinates, and then obtaining the components relative to the fixed spatial (Eulerian) basis by applying the vector transformation rule. The analysis highlights surface drag as the most reliable vorticity source for the rotation at the base of the vortex for the analyzed parcels. Moreover, the vorticity source decomposition exposes the importance of small amounts of vorticity produced baroclinically, which may become significant after sufficient stretching occurs. Further, it is shown that ambient vorticity, upon being rearranged as the trajectories pass through the storm, may for some parcels directly contribute to the rotation of the TLV. Finally, the role of diffusion is addressed using analytical solutions of the steady Burgers–Rott vortex, suggesting that diffusion cannot aid in maintaining the vortex core.
Representing capabilities of novel semi-analytical triangular plate elements
Authors: Karimi Pour Arash , Noroozinejad Farsangi Ehsan
Published: January 2023

Two novel plate-bending elements are developed and investigated in this study. Elements with 13 and 15 degree-of-freedoms are named AT13 and AT15, respectively. These triangular elements are formulated in a semi-analytic way. For this aim, the basic elasticity function is employed with unknown parameters. Subsequently, the trial-and-error procedure is used to determine the unidentified constants. Besides, the achieved results are compared with those obtained by displacement-based triangular elements with the same degrees-of-freedom (TUBA13 and TUBA15). In this research, both stress and displacement responses of diverse structures are assessed. After performing extensive numerical studies, the findings clearly demonstrate the superiorities of the proposed elements.
Pseudo-Kussmaul's Sign in Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry Tachycardia: A Prospective, Cohort Study
Authors: Jose Benny , Rane Sameer , Kevadiya Hiren , Dubey Gajendra , Bohora Shomu , Prajapati Jayesh
Published: January 2023

Aims

To study the respiratory variation of right atrial (RA) pressures at baseline and during atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia (AVNRT).

Methods

Of the 23 patients screened, 16 participants with typical AVNRT were included in the study. After ensuring adequate hydration, baseline RA pressures were measured as the height of ‘a’ and ‘v’ waves. The patients were asked to take deep breaths, and the measurements were taken in both inspiration and expiration.

Results

Of the 16 participants, 14(87.5%) showed a normal fall in the height of ‘a’ and ‘v’ waves with inspiration, 1(6.25%) showed no change and 1(6.25%) showed a rise in height at baseline, p <0.01. During induced AVNRT, the ‘a’ and ‘v’ wave heights increased in 8(50%), remained same in 6(37.5%) and showed a normal fall in 2(12.5%), p = 0.07 for ‘a’ waves and p = 0.09 for ‘v’ waves. When the magnitude and direction of change in ‘a’ and ‘v’ wave height at baseline was compared with AVNRT, it showed a significant difference with 13(81.25%) participants demonstrating positive Pseudo-Kussmaul's sign, p <0.01. Mean age was numerically higher in those with a more considerable inspiratory rise in RA pressures but was not statistically significant, χ2(2) = 3.1, p = 0.21.

Conclusions

Pseudo-Kussmaul's sign does occur in a substantial number of patients during AVNRT. Clinical appreciation of this phenomenon is possible in half to three-fourth of patients, provided the mean RA pressures are low enough for the variation to be visible in the neck.
Analysis of the sound insulation performance of periodic wall structures by a virtual acoustic laboratory
Authors: Perras Elias , Mellmann Marius , Zhang Chuanzeng
Published: January 2023

The propagation of acoustic waves in periodic structures, also known as phononic crystals or PCs, is prohibited in certain frequency ranges, which are referred to as the frequency band-gaps. The existence, the location and the width of the frequency band-gaps are mainly determined by the geometrical parameters and the material properties of the PCs. In this work, a virtual acoustic laboratory based on a fully coupled fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model is developed to determine the sound insulation capacity of one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) periodic walls. The FSI model is discretized using the frequency-domain spectral element method (FDSEM), which is an advanced finite element method (FEM) using special high-order shape functions. Following the guidelines of the ISO10140, the setup of the developed FSI model allows us to take into account the essential physical phenomena, especially the interaction of the wall structure with the fluid domains (air). The FSI model based on the FDSEM increases the computational efficiency and accuracy in comparison with the standard FEM. Several numerical examples will be presented and discussed to show that the designed periodic walls in certain frequency ranges within the band-gaps may exhibit much better sound insulation capabilities than monolithic walls.
Numerical investigation on 2D metamaterial under normal incidence
Authors: Pundir Anil , Gupta Arpan , Berardi Umberto
Published: January 2023

Investigations in solid-state physics show that metamaterials, a kind of periodic material, can produce a band of frequency gap. When a sonic wave’s frequency falls into this frequency gap, it cannot propagate. Enlightened by the concept of frequency gap, researchers recently investigated various metamaterials. The search for bandgap(s) is critical in such innovations. The present letter presents the analysis of the band of frequency gap(s) for two and three-component systems as 2D period materials using the Finite Element Method. The investigation highlights the influence of geometrical parameters on the bandgap. Modelled metamaterial uses a core of aluminium, a coating of natural rubber and a matrix of air. For the lattice constant’s specified value, with the core’s increasing size, the bandgap shows to increase. The general effect of the coating leads to the flattening of the dispersion curve. For the square lattice and circular core, the bandgap appears around a net core size (with and without coating) of around 30%–32% of the lattice constant. Multiple frequency bandgaps appear of substantial sizes at the core’s threshold size, that is, when the core’s net radius is equal to half of the lattice constant. The softer material coating is found as a potential alternative to tune and control acoustic metamaterials. With a three-component system, bandgaps appear comparatively at significantly lower frequencies. Lower edge frequencies for such bandgaps are found to be independent of the core and coating size.
Optimal design and verification through bench experiment to secure structural stability and improve thermodynamic performance of ventilated brake disc
Authors: Park Soojin , Sun Di , Jang Changhwan , Kim Jinho
Published: January 2023

In this study, the thermodynamic performance of a ventilated brake disc was improved by securing structural stability and verified through bench experiments. A brake disc is a braking device that decelerates a vehicle or stops it, and the disc should maintain a reliable braking force. The temperature rise on the disc surface has the greatest effect on the braking force. In recent years, many studies have been conducted on the shape of the disc in order to secure stable braking force and heat dissipation at the same time. However, as the disc surface is processed further, it becomes more difficult to have stable braking force, although the heat dissipation property is improved. Therefore, in this study, disc shapes were designed to improve heat dissipation performance while maintaining structural performance. The stress and temperature distribution were analyzed using ANSYS and optimal design of disc shapes was performed through PIAnO. In addition, to compare and verify the initial model and the optimized model, a prototype was fabricated to judge the feasibility of the optimization using a dynamometer. It can be expected that the heat dissipation performance and driving safety can be improved by using new brake discs.
Bounce of a golf ball on the green
Authors: Cross Rod
Published: January 2023

A ball incident on a horizontal surface with backspin can rebound forwards or backwards depending on the angle of incidence and the amount of backspin. The ball can also bounce forwards several times before it bounces backwards. The outcome depends on whether the ball slides throughout the impact or whether the ball grips the surface during the impact. The physics of the bounce of a golf ball on a green is described in the present article and estimates are given of the stopping distance after the ball first lands on the green, based on experimental bounce data.
Puncture Capsulotomy Technique for Hip Arthroscopy: Midterm Functional Outcomes
Authors: Eberlin Christopher T. , Kucharik Michael P. , Abraham Paul F. , Nazal Mark R. , Conaway William K. , Varady Nathan H. , Martin Scott D.
Published: January 2023

Background:

The most common surgical approaches in hip arthroscopy are interportal and T-capsulotomy. However, these methods may introduce capsular instability. Puncture capsulotomy preserves capsuloligamentous integrity by avoiding iatrogenic transection of the iliofemoral capsular ligament.

Purpose:

To present minimum 2-year functional outcomes for patients who underwent arthroscopic treatment for acetabular labral tears and concomitant femoroacetabular impingement using the puncture capsulotomy technique.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

The authors conducted a retrospective review of prospectively collected data on patients who underwent arthroscopic acetabular labral tear treatment between December 2013 and May 2019. Included were patients aged ≥18 years who underwent hip arthroscopy by a single surgeon and completed a minimum of 2 years of patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) surveys. Intraoperatively, patients underwent hip arthroscopy via puncture capsulotomy to treat labral tears and any concomitant femoroacetabular impingement. Clinical outcome data consisted of PROMs.

Results:

A total of 163 hips were included; the mean patient follow-up was 30.4 months (range, 24-60 months; 95% CI, 28.5-32.3 months). Patients had a mean age of 37.9 years (range, 36.1-39.6 years), with a mean body mass index of 25.9 (range, 25.2-26.5). There were significant improvements in mean [95% CI] baseline to final follow-up scores for the 33-Item International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33) (39.6 [36.8-42.4] vs 76.1 [72.7-79.6]), Hip Outcome Score–Activities of Daily Living (70.0 [67.0-73.0] vs 89.3 [87.3-91.3]), modified Harris Hip Score (60.1 [57.9-62.4] vs 84.9 [82.5-87.2]), and Hip Outcome Score–Sports Specific Subscale (41.8 [37.9-45.6] vs 75.7 [71.7-79.7]) ( P < .001 for all). Additionally, the mean [95% CI] visual analog scale pain scores were noted to significantly improve throughout the duration of the postoperative period (from 6.3 [5.9-6.7] to 2.2 [1.8-2.6]; P < .001). There were no incidences of infection, avascular necrosis of the femoral head, dislocation/instability, or femoral neck fracture. At the 2-year follow-up, 81.0%, 62.0%, and 58.9% of hips achieved previously published clinically meaningful iHOT-33 thresholds for minimally clinically important difference, Patient Acceptable Symptom Score, and substantial clinical benefit, respectively.

Conclusion:

Puncture capsulotomy demonstrated significantly improved functional and clinically meaningful outcomes at a minimum 2-year follow-up, along with a minimal complication rate.
Progressive Failure Analysis of Composite/Aluminum Riveted Joints Subjected to Pull-Through Loading
Authors: Yang Yuxing , Bao Yongjie , Liu Xueshu , Wang Jinlong , Du Fengming
Published: January 2023

Out-of-plane mechanical properties of the riveted joints restrict the performance of the wing box assembly of airplane. It is necessary to investigate the pull-through performance of the composite/metal riveted joints in order to guide the riveting design and ensure the safety of the wing box assembly. The progressive failure mechanism of composite/aluminum riveted joint subjected to pull-through loading was investigated by experiments and finite element method. A progressive damage model based on the Hashin-type criteria and zero-thickness cohesive zone method was developed by VUMAT subroutine, which was validated by both open-hole tensile test and three-point bending test. Predicted load-displacement response, failure modes and damage propagation were analysed and compared with the results of the pull-through tests. There are 4 obvious characteristic stages on the load-displacement curve of the pull-through test and that of the finite element model: first load take-up stage, damage stage, second load take-up stage and failure stage. Relative error of stiffness, first load peak and second load peak between finite element method and experiments were 8.1%, − 3.3% and 10.6%, respectively. It was found that the specimen was mainly broken by rivet-penetration fracture and delamination of plies of the composite laminate. And the material within the scope of the rivet head is more dangerous with more serious tensile damages than other regions, especially for 90° plies. This study proposes a numerical method for damage prediction and reveals the progressive failure mechanism of the hybrid material riveted joints subjected to the pull-through loading.
Illuminating the biosynthesis pathway genes involved in bioactive specific monoterpene glycosides in Paeonia veitchii Lynch by a combination of sequencing platforms
Authors: Zhang Shaoshan , Qu-Bie Jun-zhang , Feng Ming-kang , Qu-Bie A-xiang , Huang Yanfei , Zhang Zhi-feng , Yan Xin-jia , Liu Yuan
Published: January 2023

Background

Paeonia veitchiiLynch, a well-known herb from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau south of the Himalayas, can synthesize specific monoterpene glycosides (PMGs) with multiple pharmacological activities, and its rhizome has become an indispensable ingredient in many clinical drugs. However, little is known about the molecular background ofP. veitchii, especially the genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of PMGs.

Results

A corrective full-length transcriptome with 30,827 unigenes was generated by combining next-generation sequencing (NGS) and single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) of six tissues (leaf, stem, petal, ovary, phloem and xylem). The enzymes terpene synthase (TPS), cytochrome P450 (CYP), UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT), and BAHD acyltransferase, which participate in the biosynthesis of PMGs, were systematically characterized, and their functions related to PMG biosynthesis were analysed. With further insight into TPSs, CYPs, UGTs and BAHDs involved in PMG biosynthesis, the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to identify the relationships between these genes and PMGs. Finally, 8 TPSs, 22 CYPs, 7 UGTs, and 2 BAHD genes were obtained, and these putative genes were very likely to be involved in the biosynthesis of PMGs. In addition, the expression patterns of the putative genes and the accumulation of PMGs in tissues suggested that all tissues are capable of biosynthesizing PMGs and that aerial plant parts could also be used to extract PMGs.

Conclusion

We generated a large-scale transcriptome database across the major tissues inP. veitchii, providing valuable support for further research investigatingP. veitchiiand understanding the genetic information of plants from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. TPSs, CYPs, UGTs and BAHDs further contribute to a better understanding of the biology and complexity of PMGs inP. veitchii. Our study will help reveal the mechanisms underlying the biosynthesis pathway of these specific monoterpene glycosides and aid in the comprehensive utilization of this multifunctional plant.