bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Movable Cotton Robot Palletizer Working Space Based on Graphing Method
Authors: Hou Rong Guo , Gao Jun , Li Zhi Yong , Wang Shi Jun , Zhao Guo Yong
Published: April 2012

the robot working space is the volume which a reference point on its wrist to be reached. It is an important evaluation index of the robot geometry characters. Firstly, the size of the movable cotton robot palletizer structure is calculated by analyzing its movement, then, its working space is calculated base on graphing method. This method is working as these: a referent point P on the wrist is selected, the space of it reaching will be the volume which is the movable cotton robot palletizer working space, by fixing a limiting position at a robot wrist, the reference point P on the total working space XOY is analyzed by drawing, the geometrical analysis and calculation method are used to acquire the motion curve equation, within XOY plane, the movement of the wrist and two slides is decoupling to calculate the limiting position of the robot wrist movement, at the end, the final movement space of the robot is determined.
On-Line Fault Diagnosis for Final Drive Based on Order Analysis
Authors: Xie Feng , Lei Xiao Bao , Dong Fei
Published: April 2012

In recent years, a new technology is produced in automobile manufacture. It is to detect the quality problems for the fabrication of final drive on its production line. In order to study it this paper firstly analyzes the causes of failure about key components on final drive and introduces the principle and implementations of a on-line monitoring system based on order analysis. In contrast with traditional fault diagnosis methods, this method can solve the Frequency Blur Phenomenon when the turning speed changes. The experiments show that based on order analysis this system can identify typical faults of final drive, such as teeth-surface fault for driving gear, bending of main shaft, fault for driven gear, fault for bearing and so on. By detecting the change of energy of different order, the product quality can be controlled and the manufacturing technology can also be improved.
Path Optimization and Simulation of Milling in High Speed on Joint Surface of Transmission Box
Authors: Jiao Ke Ru , Zhang Zhi Jun , Huang S.T.
Published: April 2012

Optimized path and NC code to machine joint surface of the transmission box had been obtained in UG CAM module. Then, the code was imported into Vericut in order to control the virtual machine to mill the boxs joint surface. As a result, the simulation process machining the joint surface of the transmission box was achieved. Meanwhile, the collision and interference were all verified as well. The accuracy of NC code was not only tested but also modified in this simulation process. Due to this work has been finished, the production cost will be decreased and the production cycle will be shortened. It is of great guiding significance for the practical production process.
Research on USB Communication in the Compiled-Typed NC System
Authors: Zhou Liang , Ren Yan Hai , Cao Gang , Liao Zhi Rong
Published: April 2012

The compiled-typed NC system compiles NC program into object codes and sends them to slave computers. The object codes generated is a large amount of data. To ensure the data transmission fast and real-time, USB communication is adopted and researched in this paper. The design of USB driver program and communication program in the upper computer and slave computers is mainly introduced.
The Study of Thin-Walled Complex Parts Reverse Engineering Key Technologies
Authors: Yang Li Feng , Shi Yang , Liu Wei Na
Published: April 2012

The thin-walled complex parts reverse engineering is very different from conventional parts or the parts have some simple surface reverse engineering. There are some features. For example, it may have a lot of surface, structure complex, and it is difficulty that scanning point cloud data. Through this thesis, we put a stent by pedal as a thin-walled complex part, introduced some technology about it reverse engineering.
Study on the Stress Intensity Factors of Double Cracks Normal to and Dwelling on the Interface in the Cladding Material Structure
Authors: Yang Jun Ru , Chen Gong Ling , Zhang Li Li , Sun Jing
Published: April 2012

Based on the theoretical study on the tip stress intensity factor (SIF) of the crack normal to and dwelling on the interface, using the finite element software ANSYS, the SIFs of the double interface cracks normal to and dwelling on the interface in cladding material structure are studied by changing the crack spacing, the crack length, the cladding thickness ratio, the load and the crack location. The results show that, the crack SIFs become larger with the increase of the crack spacing, the crack length and the load, they become smaller with the increase of the coating thickness ratio, that the SIF of the crack close to the boundary becomes smaller with the increase of the distance between the crack and the boundary, and that the SIF of the crack in the middle of the interface becomes larger with the decrease of the crack distance.
Design of Hybrid Composite Multilayer Rim of High Speed Energy Storage Flywheels
Authors: Wang Wan , He Lin , Zhao Xue Feng , Li Guang Xi
Published: April 2012

The large flywheel energy storage system requires very high radial tensile strength of the flywheel rim, for the sake of the ultimate strength requirement, multilayer flywheel rim structure of carbon fiber/glass fiber hybrid composite is employed in the paper. Both stress calculation and FEM analysis show that rational densign of the layer thickness and the hybrid ratio of carbon fiber to glass fiber can reduce radial strength requirement of rim material, especially for large flywheel energy storage system.
The Effects of MgO Content on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructures of Al2O3-TiN-TiC Ceramic Materials
Authors: Fei Yu Huan , Huang Chuan Zhen , Liu Han Lian , Zou Bin
Published: April 2012

Al2O3-TiN-TiC ceramic materials with different MgO content were fabricated by hot-pressing technique. The MgO volume percent was varied from 0vol% to 5vol%. The mechanical properties such as flexural strength, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness were tested. The phase composition of the sintered body was analyzed by XRD while the microstures of the sintering body were observed by OM (Optical Microscope) and SEM. The effects of MgO content on the mechanical properties and microstructures of Al2O3-TiN-TiC were investigated. The results shows that the addition of MgO can change the phase composition of the sintered ceramic materials which displayed with diverse solid solutions and intermetallic compounds. Meanwhile the new sintering products changed the the microstructure morphology which made the crack path complex and affected the mechanical properties.
Influence of Hot Pressing Sintering Temperature and Time on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB2/Al2O3 Tool Materials
Authors: Gu Mei Lin , Xu Hong Jing , Zhang Jian Hua , Wei Zhi
Published: April 2012

In this paper, a TiB2/Al2O3composite was hot-pressed. The effect of hot pressing parameters on the TiB2/Al2O3composite microstructure and mechanical properties was investigated. The flexural strength and fracture toughness were measured by three point bending testing and direct indentation method, respectively. Experimental results show that the flexural strength decreases consistently with an increase in the sintering time, however, the fracture toughness increases consistently with an increase in the sintering time and sintering temperature. The maximum of the flexural strength is 1072 MPa at 1530 sintering temperature and 60 min sintering time. The microstructures were revealed by means of SEM. The results show that the TiB2grain size and density increases with the increasing temperature and time during hot pressing sintering, which benefits the fracture toughness and flexural strength.
The Effects of Sintering Process on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiB2-Ti(C0.5N0.5)-WC Composite Tool Materials
Authors: Zhao Yan , Huang Chuan Zhen , Zou Bin , Fei Yu Huan , Liu Han Lian , Zhu Hong Tao , Wang Jun
Published: April 2012

TiB2-Ti (C0.5N0.5)-WC composite tool materials were fabricated by the hot-pressing technique. The effects of sintering process on microstructure and mechanical properties of TiB2 -Ti (C0.5N0.5) -WC composite tool materials were studied. The flexural strength was measured by three point bending test, and Vickers hardness and the fracture toughness were measured on polished surfaces by Vickers indentation. The microstructure of TiB2-Ti (C0.5N0.5)-WC composite ceramic was analyzed by XRD and SEM observations. The results show that the mechanical properties can be improved in a proper heating mode. When the direct heating-up mode was conducted, the flexural strength, fracture toughness and hardness reached 854MPa, 7.2MPa·m1/2 and 19.7GPa, respectively.
Effect of Nd Addition on Microstructure of Mg-Zn-Nd Master Alloys
Authors: Zhao Zhen Wei , Teng Xin Ying , Zhou Guo Rong
Published: April 2012

Mg-Zn-Nd master alloys containing spherical quasicrystal phase were prepared under conventional casting conditions. The microstructures and phases of Mg-Zn-Nd ternary alloy have been investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results show that the microstructure of Mg-Zn-Nd master alloys has been changed significantly with the addition of Nd. When adding 5wt% Nd, it is clear that a lot of spherical I-phase with high roundness and size below 10μm distributed evenly in the matrix. With the increase of Nd, the number of spherical I-phases is reduced and rod-like phases increased. The growth process and the final growth morphology of quasicrystal phase are restricted by the element Nd, thus the growth rates of all quasicrystal growth surfaces tend to be consistent, which contributes to the formation of spherical quasicrystal phase.
Bio-Inspired Organic-Inorganic Composite Coatings for Implants via a Micro-Dispensing Technique
Authors: Sun Jie , Chang Lei , Thian Eng San , Li Jin Lan , Fuh Jerry Y.H. , Hong Geok Soon , Wong Yoke San , Wang Ee Jen
Published: April 2012

nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) and collagen were utilized to fabricate the bio-inspired organic-inorganic composite coating (OICC) via the Drop-on-Demand (DoD) micro-dispensing technique, which could flexibly construct multi-layer structures with varied materials composition within a layer and /or among layers reliably. This technique has been further investigated on its capability of OICC fabrication with regards to various materials (hydroxyapatite and collagen) as well as its dispensing parameters. A four-layered structure was formed, with the sequence of nHA-collagen-nHA-collagen from bottom to top. The dispensing parameters were also investigated with regards to the characteristics of the OICC fabrication. The coating was then subjected to various characterizations including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and adhesion test. SEM and XRD results revealed that the DoD micro-dispensing technique did not change the morphology and phase of these two coating materials. And the results of EDS further demonstrated the corresponding elemental distributions within the four-layered coating structure which demonstrated the feasibility of the DoD micro-dispensing technique for the fabrication of thin-layered OICC.
The Mechanisms of PCBN Tools in Turning GH4169
Authors: Ji Wei , Liu Xian Li , Li Yu Fu , Ma Tian Yu , Sun Da Wei
Published: April 2012

This paper researched experiment results and analysis of PCBN insert turning nickel-based HSTR GH 4169. According to the curves and pictures, discuss the relationship of cutting parameters (cutting speed, feed and cutting depth) and some indexes (cutting force, cutting temperature and surface roughness). In addition, observed chip burr patterns, tool wear types and white layer statuses, and quantitatively analyzed their factors from the perspectives of cutting force and temperature, and put forward corresponding measures. The studies above were based on future research of quantification.
Research on Machined Surface Quality of High Speed Hard Machining for Harden Steel
Authors: Yue Cai Xu , Liu Xian Li , Sun Da Wei , Wu Ming Yang
Published: April 2012

For its good processing flexible, economic and environmental protection performance, hardened steel GCr15 is used widely in car and energy industry. Although surface quality in machining process is not controlled well, that restricts application of hardened steel GCr15 extensive to a certain degree. Therefore, this study revealed the effect of cutting parameters on surface roughness. Also influence of cutting conditions on surface morphology and organization generation mechanism of subsurface were stuied for high-speed cutting hardened steel GCr15. Appear reasons of plastic side flow on surface was researched. Also, effect of tool wear on surface quality was studied as well. The research results provided theoretical basis for rational choice for high speed hardened steel cutting process.
Optimization of Slicing Parameters of Single Crystal Silicon Sliced by Diamond Wire Saw
Authors: Meng J.F. , Han Y.P.
Published: April 2012

The slicing technology of hard-brittle materials by endless diamond wire saw has the advantages of higher moving speed of wire saw, better slicing quality, and thin kerf. According to the strength of wire saw, the cutting force and the random vibration of wire saw, the slicing parameters are optimized. As single crystal silicon is sliced, the constant feed force is less than 10N, the maximum pretension is 30N, and the highest moving speed of wire saw is 24m/s. But because the restrict of machine precision, the highest slicing speed is 16m/s.
Friction in Turning Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-1.5Cr-2.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.3Si under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) Condition
Authors: Liu Zhi Qiang , Guo Guo Giang , Zheng Xiao Hu , Chen Ming
Published: April 2012

High cutting force, high cutting temperature and severe adhesion will be produced in the machining process of Ti-6Al-1.5Cr-2.5Mo-0.5Fe-0.3Si. Furthermore, there are critical needs to reduce the use of cutting fluid in machining process. This paper presents a friction force model under MQL condition. An experiment of turning titanium alloy was presented to test and analyze MQL effects. The mainly results were: (1) MQL can reduce the friction at the chip-tool interface when cutting parameters and matching parameters of MQL were chosen properly. (2) Degrees of serrated chips and chip morphology affected by different lubrication conditions were different.
Significant Influences of Selenium on the Electrical Properties of Bi2Te3 Compounds Synthesized Using Solid-State Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Kadhim Arej , Hmood Arshad , Haslan Abu Hassan
Published: April 2012

The thermoelectric materials based on p-type Bi2Se3xTe3 (1-x) bulk products and dispersed with x compositions of Se (x=0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0) were fabricated using standard solid-state microwave synthesis procedures. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD characterizations revealed that these products are pure Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 with uniform structures. The electrical properties of the Bi2Te3, Bi2Se3 and Bi2Se3xTe3 (1-x) samples were measured in the temperature range of 303–523 K. The highest value of the Seebeck coefficient was 176.3 μV/ K for the Bi2Se0.6Te2.4 sample, but only 149.5 and 87.4 μV/K for the Bi2Te3 and Bi2Se3 samples, respectively.
Friction Stir Welding of 6061-T6 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Almanar Indra Putra , Hanapi Mohd Haslam , Anasyida Abu Seman , Hussain Zuhailawati
Published: April 2012

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a new and promising welding process which can produce low cost and high quality joints of heat-treatable aluminum alloys. This is because it does not require the consumable filler materials and can eliminate some welding defects such as crack and porosity. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the processing parameter of friction stir welding (FSW) process for 6061-T6 alloy and to determine the properties of the obtained joints. Experiments have been conducted by varying the friction stir welding processing parameter ; tool rotational speed, in rpm (410, 865, 1140) and feed rate, in mm/min (22, 32, 45). The shoulder diameter of the tool for FSW was 18 mm. Microstructure, microhardness and tensile properties were investigated in this studied. The results showed that there was a variation of grain size in each weld zone which depends on the material and process parameters of FSW in the joint itself. The coarsest grain size was observed in the heat affect zone (HAZ), followed by the Thermo Mechanically Affected Zone (TMAZ) and the nugget zone. The highest hardness was reported on the nugget zone and maximum tensile strength was obtained on the sample with processing parameter 865 rpm rotational speed.
Photoluminescence Studies of Silicon Self-Assembled Quantum Dots
Authors: Sakrani Samsudi , Aldaw Idrees Fatima , Wahab Yussof , Othaman Zulkafli , Sumpono Imam
Published: April 2012

Silicon self-assembled nanodots have been fabricated on corning (7059) and quartz glass substrates using a magnetron sputtering method at different experimental conditions, including the deposition time, RF power and substrate temperature. It was observed that, as the deposition time increases, PL intensities increased with deposition time. However, the full width at half maximum of individual spectra was observed to decrease with time. This occurs because the nature of PL is such that an improvement in the number of carriers (electron and holes) results in enhanced PL intensities. An increase in the deposition time allows more silicon attached to substrate and forming the nanodots, thus increasing the number of atoms as well as carriers. The effect of RF power was indicated by increasing trends in PL intensities. Higher deposition power appeared to increase the ratio of Si atomic concentration and, hence, an increasing number of silicon nanodots. On the other hand, the results showed that, the PL intensity decreased as the substrate temperatures were increased caused by an activated non-radiative recombination process and decrease of crystal quality. It was also observed that the peak of PL wavelength centered at 693 nm or 1.78eV energy bandgap did not differ much from those peaks obtained by varying the RF power and substrate temperature. The suggested that deposition time up to 5 min, RF power of 200 W and substrate temperature of 400°C as optimum conditions for the growth of dome-shaped silicon nanodots, with sizes between 40-80 nm. Generally the shifts in PL intensities are attributed to the structural changes which occurs during the growth processes
ZnO Nanorod Arrays Coated with Eosin-Y at Different Concentrations for Inverted Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Lim Eng Liang , Yap Chi Chin , Yahaya Muhammad , Salleh Muhamad Mat
Published: April 2012

Inverted bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on vertically aligned dye-coated ZnO nanorods arrays were fabricated. The dye, Eosin-Y was wrapped on ZnO nanorods arrays with dye coating concentration ranging from 0.05 mM to 0.3 mM at room temperature for 1 h. The effects of Eosin-Y solution concentration on the performance of inverted bulk heterojunction organic solar cells based on a blend of poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEHPPV) as donor and (6,6)-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as acceptor with a structure of fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/Eosin-Y coated ZnO nanorod arrays/MEHPPV:PCBM/Ag were investigated. Length, diameter and morphology of ZnO nanorods arrays were characterized. The optical properties of the Eosin-Y coated ZnO nanorod arrays were investigated and the organic solar cells were characterized by current–voltage measurements under 100 mW/cm2 simulated AM 1.5 G sunlight. It was found that current density, Jsc increased from 0.00134 mA/ cm2 to 0.0162 mA/ cm2 with increase in concentration of Eosin-Y from 0.05 mM to 0.3 mM. Solar cell with 0.3 mM Eosin-Y gave the highest power conversion efficiency, which is 7.15×10-4 %. Short circuit current density was 0.0162 mA/ cm2 and the corresponding open circuit voltage was 0.17 V.
Current–Voltage Characteristics of n-Al0.08In0.08Ga0.84N Schottky Diode Using Pt Metal Contact
Authors: Ghazai Alaa J. , Haslan Abu Hassan , Hassan Zainuriah
Published: April 2012

In this study, current-voltage (I-V) measurements at room temperature (RT) of platinum (Pt) metal contact combine with n-Al0.08In0.08Ga0.84N thin film which grown epitaxially by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technique on sapphire substrate to form Schottky diode have been characterized. Schottky barrier heights of diode related with the high work function metal of Pt electrode was measured and investigated. Pt metal was fabricated using RF-sputtering technique. The effect of annealing temperature ranged from 300 °C to 600 °C on the structural and electrical properties has been studied. The results revealed that in spite of the various annealing temperature used there is no change in XRD diffraction peak observed in Pt contact. Furthermore, at 400 °C the best surface morphology was obtained and the value of SBH and ideality factor (n) was 0.76 eV and, 1.03 respectively. This concludes that at this annealing temperature Pt metal exhibited optimum (I-V) rectifying characteristics of Pt/Al0.08In0.08Ga0.84N Schottky diode.
Effect of Ethylenediamine Tetraacetic Acid in Electrochemical Deposition of Zinc Selenide
Authors: Ng Sook Mey , Zainal Zulkarnain , Wan Mahmood Mat Yunus
Published: April 2012

Zinc selenide based materials are suitable for fabrication of light emitting diodes operating in the blue-green light. In fabrication of zinc selenide films, electrodeposition method appears to be the simplest and low-cost technique. In this work, the application of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in electrodeposition of zinc selenide was investigated to evaluate its effect on the optical and electronic properties of the films. It was found that the presence of EDTA stabilized the cathodic over potential during deposition. The zinc selenide deposits consist of small grain size deposits which contribute to enhance the photoelectrochemical performance. Besides that, the zinc selenide films produced in the presence of EDTA also shows high photoluminescence intensity due to minimized surface defects on the glass substrate. The film shows photoluminescence peak at the blue region of wavelength due to its quantum confinement effect. The optical property of zinc selenide film was measured using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer. The band gap of zinc selenide is 2.65 eV with direct transition.
Microwave Absorbing Properties of Nickel-Zinc Ferrite/Multiwalled Nanotube Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Composites
Authors: Yu Lih Jiun , Sahrim Ahmad Haji , Kong Ing , Mouad A.Taraweh
Published: April 2012

Pre-mixed NiZn ferrite/MWNT, according to the weight ratio 1:1, were incorporated into the thermoplastic natural rubber nanocomposite by melt blending process. The effect of different filler loadings (2-10 wt%) on reflection loss and shielding effectiveness of the obtained composites were studied. It was found that both reflection loss (RL) and shielding effectiveness (SE) depend on the filler content. The effect of fillers mixing ratio were investigated too. Results showed samples with higher MWNT content exhibits better shielding effectiveness, while samples with higher NiZn ferrite achieved better reflection loss. The microwave absorbing properties of these samples can be adjusted according to desired application.
Gan Nanowire Growth by Thermal Evaporation Method
Authors: Shekari Leila , Haslan Abu Hassan , Zainuriah Hassan
Published: April 2012

In this research we introduce an inexpensive method to produce highly crystalline GaN Nanowires (NWs) grown on porous zinc oxide (PZnO) using commercial GaN powder, either in argon gas or combination of nitrogen and Ar gas atmosphere, by thermal evaporation. Morphological structural studies using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements showed the role of porosity and different gas flowing, in the alignment and nucleation of these NWs. The NWs grown under flow of mix gases have very different diameters of between 50 and 200 nm, but those which were grown in Ar gas atmosphere, have rather uniform diameter of around 50 nm. The length of the GaN NWs was uniform, (around 10 µm). Optical and structural characterizations were performed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and high resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD). Results revealed that these NWs are of single-crystal hexagonal GaN with [oooı] and [ıoīı] growth directions for the NWs grown under Ar and mixed gas flow.
Effect of Pressure on Structural, Electronic and Elastic Properties of Cubic (Pm3m) SnTiO3 Using First Principle Calculation
Authors: Taib M.F.M. , Yaakob M.K. , Chandra Amreesh , Arof Abdul Kariem Mohd , Yahya M.Z.A.
Published: April 2012

The electronic band structure, density of state and elastic properties of lead-free perovskite oxide SnTiO3 (ST) were investigated by employing first principles calculation using the Density Functional Theory (DFT) within local density approximation (LDA). The energy band gap was calculated from the separation between the Ti 3d (conduction band) and the maximum of O 2p (valence band). This gives an indirect band gap of 2.36 eV. The elastic constants and their pressure dependence were calculated up to 30 GPa and the independent elastic constants (C11, C12, and C44), bulk modules, B were obtained and analyzed. The results showed that SnTiO3 have a mechanical stability in cubic phase (Pm3m).
Calculation of Electronic Properties of InAs/GaAs Cubic, Spherical and Pyramidal Quantum Dots with Finite Difference Method
Authors: Yek Woon Chin , Gopir Geri , Othman Ahmad Puaad
Published: April 2012

We have calculated the properties of electron states in an InAs/GaAs quantum dot system based on the effective mass approximation of a one-band Hamiltonian model. This semiconductor nanostructure system consisted of an InAs quantum dot embedded in a GaAs substrate. In this paper, the Schrödinger equation of an ideal cubic quantum dot with infinite barrier was solved using a finite difference approach. The sparse matrix of N3 x N3 for the Hamiltonian was diagonalized to calculate the lowest states of electrons in this nanostructure system. The calculation was performed for different dot size and the obtained energy levels are comparable to those calculated analytically. The finite difference method was relatively faster and applicable to quantum dots of any geometry or potential profile. This was proven by applying the developed computational procedure to quantum dots of cubic, spherical and pyramidal geometries for the InAs/GaAs nanostructure system.
Synthesis, Characterization and Charge-Discharge Profile of LiMn0.3Co0.3Ni0.3Fe0.1O2 Prepared via Sol-Gel Method
Authors: Mohd Hilmi Jaafar , Nor Sabirin Mohamed , Yahya Rosiyah , Kamarulzaman Norlida
Published: April 2012

LiCoO2 is a well established commercial Li-ion battery cathode. However, due to cost constraints and the toxicity of the metal, other layered compounds should be investigated. In this paper, layered LiMn0.3Co0.3Ni0.3Fe0.1O2 were prepared using sol-gel method with CH3COOLi•2H2O, (CH3CO2)2Mn•4H2O, (CH3CO2)2Co•4H2O, (CH3CO2)2Ni•4H2O and Fe (NO3)3•9H2O as starting materials. The sample was characterized by simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis, x-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electrochemical characteristics were studied by a charge-discharge cycle done on the fabricated cell using a charge current of 1.0 mA and a discharge current 0.5 mA between 4.2 and 0.5 V. The XRD results showed that the layered LiMn0.3Co0.3Ni0.3Fe0.1O2 were of pure phase with discharge capacity of about 136 mAhg-1. The batteries were then subjected to a series of charge-discharge cycling in the voltage range of 2.5 to 4.2 V. The results showed there was little loss of capacity after 10 cycles.
Effect of Temperature on BCP Ceramics Coating on 316L Stainless Steel Using Electrophoretic Technique
Authors: Abudalazez Asam M.A. , Kasim Shah Rizal , Ariffin Azlan B. , Ahmad Zainal Arifin
Published: April 2012

Biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) coatings on a medical grade 316L stainless steel substrate were prepared by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) using ethanol as a dispersive medium. The deposition voltage of 30V was applied for 1 min at 25, 40 and 60 °C, respectively. The coated substrates were sintered in a vacuum furnace at 800 °C for 1 h. The surface morphology, structure and phase composition of the coatings was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that by increasing deposition conditions of voltage and temperature, crack occurrence and morphological changes increased in the produced coatings. The optimum condition for crack-free surface was at 30 V at 25 °C.
Structural and Luminescence Properties of Borate Glass with Lithium and Strontium Modifier Doped with Transition Metal Ions
Authors: Hua Wan Ming , Wong Poh Sum , Eeu Tien Yew , Ibrahim Zuhairi , Hussin Rosli
Published: April 2012

A system of borate based glass with different modifier but similar dopant was investigated to determine both the structural and photoluminescence properties. The glass sample from the series of x(M):(1-x)B2O3 where 0.2 ≤ x ≤0.7 mole% and M was Li2O and SrO, and the metaborate composition of glass was doped withMn¬¬2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions. The effect of the modifier towards the structural and photoluminescenceproperties in the glass samples was investigated using Fourier-Transfer Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Infrared spectrum revealed the traces of BO3 and BO4 units at different modifier and concentration. Significant changes in the host structure showed modification at specific region depending on the type of modifier.The photoluminescence of the samples were studied using the luminescence spectrophotometer. The samples were excited at different emission wavelength to compare the results. This study showed that with the introduce Mn2+, Fe2+ and Zn2+ ions as activators within the host material enhancedphotoluminescence characteristic.
Synergism between Flame Retardant and Phosphonium Salt Modified Layered Silicate on Properties of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Nanocomposite
Authors: Wai Soo Kai , Sahrim Ahmad Haji , Zubir Syazana Ahmad
Published: April 2012

The current research was conducted to study the incorporation of phosphorus-based flame retardant (exolit OP 1230) and phosphonium salt treated montmorillonite (P-MMT) into polyol resin of polyurethane foam, with the purpose of imparting its compression properties and flammability resistance. To prepare the hybrid composite with a 2.5 wt% based on weight percentage of the overall weight of the system, fractions of exolit OP 1230 are mixed with P-MMT following a percentage ratio of 25/75, 50/50 and 75/25. The result of the mechanical property testing showed that the compression strength of composite was decreased with the presence of exolit OP 1230. However, the result obtained also demonstrated that the fire behaviour of the foam was improved. The study indicated that a combination of exolite OP 1230 and P-MMT generates a synergistic mechanism effect which could be used as an effective fire retardant as compared to sample with a 2.5% P-MMT alone. On the other hand, horizontal burning test following an ASTM D635 test procedure was conducted to determine the burning rate and bomb calorimeter model Ika C5003 was employed to detect the combustion enthalpy in this study. Finally, the findings of the analysis of the mechanical properties were further supported by the SEM micrographs.
Chemical Durability of Yb Doped Lead Tellurite Glass: Effect of Solution pH
Authors: Hamzah Khaidzir , Yassin M. Abdullah Izat , Sahar M. Rahim , Ghoshal Sib Krishna , Arifin Ramli , Rohani Md Supar
Published: April 2012

Series of glass based on (80-x)TeO2-10PbO-10PbCl2-xYb2O3 where 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 3.0 has been successfully prepared by melt quenching technique. The amorphous nature of glass has been determined by X-ray diffraction method. Their corrosion behavior was investigated using the FTIR spectroscopy technique on the sample that has been immersed in distilled water and in aqueous solution of pH 4 and pH 9 for 10 days. There were three major absorption peaks around 3600 cm-1, 889 cm-1 and 470 cm-1 has been observed. The intensity of each peak was found to vary with the Yb3+ content.
Effect of Filler Loading and Temperature on Electrical Resistivity of Stainless Steel Fiber/PA6 Conductive Polymer Composites
Authors: Zhang Ming Hua , Gu Wen Qiang , Lei Jin Tao , Zhao Jian Hu , Ma Bo , Chen Jian Kang
Published: April 2012

The effect of loading of stainless steel fiber (SSF) and temperature on electrical resistivity of SSF/PA6 conductive polymer composites was investigated in this paper. The distribution of fibers in the composites was observed by means of scanning electron microscopy（SEM）. The experimental results show that the resistivity decreases closely along with the increase of SSF loading from 0 to 12 Wt. % and temperature from 20 to 200°C. It is shown by SEM that the fibers are dispersed homogeneously in the polyamide-6 matrix.
Luminescence Properties of Electron Trapping Material CaB4O7:Sm3+
Authors: Sun Jia Yue , Zhang Wei , Du Hai Yan
Published: April 2012

A novel electron trapping material of CaB4O7:Sm3+ was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction, and its characterization and luminescent properties were investigated at room temperature. The results indicate that ultraviolet light can be used as exciting source to store energy. After exposed under ultraviolet, the sample was stimulated by 980nm laser. As a result, an obvious luminescence at 556, 596 and 643 nm were detected. The photo-stimulated emission spectrum was three bands peaking at 562, 599 and 646 nm that are the characteristic emission of Sm3+ ions due to the f→f transitions 4G5/2→6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2), respectively. The TL glow curve contains two overlapping glow peaks at around 541 and 598 K.was synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction, and its characterization and luminescent properties were investigated at room temperature. The results indicate that ultraviolet light can be used as exciting source to store energy. After exposed under ultraviolet, the sample was stimulated by 980nm laser. As a result, an obvious luminescence at 556, 596 and 643 nm were detected. The photo-stimulated emission spectrum was three bands peaking at 562, 599 and 646 nm that are the characteristic emission of Sm3+ ions due to the f→f transitions 4G5/2→6HJ (J = 5/2, 7/2, 9/2), respectively. The TL glow curve contains two overlapping glow peaks at around 541 and 598 K.
Luminescence Properties of Novel Red Phosphor NaSrPO4:Eu3+
Authors: Sun Jia Yue , Zhang Xiang Yan , Zhu Ji Cheng , Sun Yi Ning , Du Hai Yan
Published: April 2012

A novel red-emitting NaSrPO4:Eu3+ phosphor was prepared by a conventional solid-state reaction. The luminescence properties and temperature dependence of 4:Eu3+ were investigated. The phosphor exhibited red luminescence under the near-UV excitation of 395 nm, corresponding to the 5F0→7L6 transition of Eu3+ ions, which matched well with the excitation wavelength of near-UV LED chips. The electronic transition due to 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions is stronger than the magnetic dipole transition due to 5D0→7F1 of Eu3+ ions. Furthermore, Eu3+-doped NaSrPO4 phosphor shows higher thermally stable luminescence comparable tocommercially available Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ phosphor. All the investigated suggested that this newly developed phosphor could find applications in white light devise utilizing InGaN-based excitation in the near-UV chips.
Simulation Analysis on the Deep Drawing Property of Brake Chamber Shell
Authors: Wu Cheng Ge , Li Wei , Shan Shao Fu , Fang Qiang Han , Zhao Kang Pei , Chi Yi Ju
Published: April 2012

Brake chamber shell is an important part in brake system, and it is produced by twice deep drawing process. This paper adopts the DYNAFORM software, simulate drawing process of brake chamber shell by using FEM method, and make a comparison with the actual production. The result shows that there is a high consistency between the simulation results and semifinished products produced by twice deep drawing process, meanwhile, analysis results of Dynaform sheet forming are accurate with high reliability.
A Formation Mechanism of X Level due to an Indium-Carbon Dimer in Silicon
Authors: Kawanishi Hiroyuki , Hayafuji Yoshinori
Published: April 2012

It is known that acceptor-carbon complexes have ionization energies less than those of the corresponding substitutional, separate acceptors in silicon. We present the formation mechanism for a shallower acceptor energy level called an X level that is due to an indium- carbon pair. Ab initio calculation methods were used to evaluate electronic structures and lattice relaxations of silicon with indium, carbon or a carbon-indium dimer. The results shows that the bonding interaction between the 5p orbitals of the indium atom and the 3sp orbitals of the silicon atoms bound with the indium atom mainly determines the ionization energy of the X level, and the ionic bonding interaction of the carbon atomic orbitals with the indium atomic orbitals in the X level enables the bonding interaction of the orbitals between the indium atom and the silicon atom to lower the corresponding indium acceptor level, and then to form the shallower X level.
Synthesis and Properties of an New Amphoteric Retaning Agent
Authors: Li Di , Lv Sheng Hua , Cao Qiang , Gao Fu Tang
Published: April 2012

The mono polyethylene glycol maleate (MPEGM) was prepared by direct esterification of maleic anhydride (MAH) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The yields of monoester (YM) could reached to 96% when the molar ratio of MAH and PEG was 1.2 using 2 wt% p-toluene sulphonic acid (PTSA) as catalyst at 95°C for 3 h. The amphoteric retaning agent (ARA) with excellent retanning properties was synthesized by copolymerization when the molar ratio of methacrylic acid (MA), MPEGM and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) was 3 : 1 : 0.2 using 3 wt% ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator at 90°C for 4 h. The applied results showed that retanned leather by ARA had excellent selective filling and can improve remarkable the flexiblity and elasticity. The chemical structure of the ARA was characterized by FTIR.
Surface Treatment of PPTA Fiber and Properties of its Composite Materials
Authors: Jia Zhao , Yang Yan Gong
Published: April 2012

Surface modification of Poly(ρ-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) fiber has been considered an effcient way to increase the interfical bonding of the fiber/epoxy composites. In this article, the hydrogen peroxide solutions (H2O2) was used to treat the PPTA fiber based on an orthogonal experimental design. The optimum conditions of H2O2 treatment were concentration of 40%, treating temperature 40°C and treating time 60min. The morphology of the modified fiber were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The interfacial properties of aramid fiber/epoxy composites were investigated by the single ﬁber pull-out test (SFP. The results showed that the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of aramid/epoxy composites was remarkbly improved which was attributed to the fact that some polar groups were introduced into the molecular structure of aramid ﬁbers and the physical structure of the treated ﬁbers was not etched obviously.
NIR-Based Wood Water Content Prediction with an Integration of ANN and PCA
Authors: Li Pai , Li Yao Xiang
Published: April 2012

In this paper, an integration of BP neural network and PCA for modeling wood water content of larch combined with NIRS was investigated. The original spectra were collected and pretreated with 9 point smoothing and multiplicative scatter correction (MSC). Five typical principal components were extracted from PCA with the application of establishing prediction model. Full cross-validation approach was applied to achieve desirable modeling performance. The prediction correlation coefficient (R) was 0.952 while the mean square error of prediction (MSEP) was 38.27. This study indicated that NIR is a useful tool for rapid and accurate prediction of wood water content.
The Effect of Gamma Ray on the Mechanical and Molecular Structure Changes of Silk Fibroin
Authors: Jin Huan Yu , Yin Hua , Liu Yu , An Yan
Published: April 2012

Silk fibroin is regarded as a biomaterial for a long time. The fantastic biocompatibility of silk fibroin makes it a hot spot in the biomedical area and many researches has chosen it as a basic material to create new biomaterials. However, it has a long biodegradation period in body. Gamma ray is a method to accelerate degradation of other material in some experiments. This research combines silk fibroin with gamma ray and tries to figure out whether gamma ray can make the biodegradation of silk fibroin shorten. In this article, we give various doses of gamma ray to silk fibroin films and take some measurements about the mechanical and molecular structure of post-radiated silk fibroin, thus to choose an appropriate dose for the future research.
Preliminary Research on the Measurement of Oxide Layer of ELID Based on the Laser Sensor and the Eddy Current Sensor
Authors: Wang Dang Li , Ning Sheng Ke , Ma Bao Ji
Published: April 2012

In order to measure thickness and Study on growth behaviors of oxide layers on grinding wheel surface in ELID, the measurement system consisted of a laser sensor and an eddy current sensor was constructed to do a preliminary research on oxide layer replaced by rust. Through the comparison of the values of the thickness obtained by measurement system and the electron microscope of high precision, in this paper, the accuracy of the measurement result and the feasibility of the system ware verified.
Capacity Measuring Devices and Applications of Carbon Dioxide Absorption by Ammonia Water
Authors: Li Guo De , Wu Shi Wei , Li Na
Published: April 2012

Ammonia water has strong absorption ability for CO2, so ammonia absorption method became an important research direction and has a good application prospect. In this study we designed a simple measurement method and measuring device for carbon dioxide absorption capacity by ammonia. The device is commonly used by a simple instrument assembly and modified. The measurement method is simple and convenient, has strong adaptability, no risk, the data is stability, the results are clear.
Lost Foam Casting Coating in Production of Cylinder Block
Authors: Sun Shu Li , Wang Xin Jie , Qiu Qi , Song Kai Jie , Zhang Jun
Published: April 2012

This paper introduces the application of EPC process to the inline-four diesel engine cylinder block production. It includes the make and assembles of foam shape mould, mould design, the choice of sand and modeling, and the design of gating system, etc.
Filling Characteristics of Magnesium Alloy Molten Metal in Squeeze Casting
Authors: Chen Yun , Chen Ding Fang , Du Juan , Luo Ji Xiang
Published: April 2012

Based on fluid mechanics, the filling process of magnesium alloy step-plate casting molten metal was analyzed, and the filling characteristics were studied by numerical simulating. The results show the filling velocity and the wall thickness of casting have a great effect on the filling characteristics of magnesium alloy. When the filling velocity is less than 0.3 m/s, the liquid frontier of molten metal and the fluid level of thick upper surface fluctuate greatly, and the defects of air entrainment and oxide impurities will appear. When the filling velocity is more than 0.58 m/s, the molten metal fills in turbulent way, and the defects of sputter and air entrainment will appear. The correlation between the wall thickness of casting and the critical filling velocity presented in this paper can be used for the optimization of filling velocity.
Study of Torsion Spring’s Parameters with Angular Type Grippers
Authors: Shin Dong Hwan , Park Tae Sang , Jeong Choong Pyo , Kim Yoon Gu , An Ji Nung
Published: April 2012

Angular type grippers are proper to grip the small size material than linear type grippers (clamping). It is due to the grip force of angular type grippers separates to the normal and the opposite directional force to gravity forces, when the contact between the gripper tip and the gripped material occurs. Whereas, the linear type gripper with prismatic joint has only normal forces. Therefore, even less gripping force of angular type grippers than linear type can generate slip-less pick-and-place motions. But this angular type gripper has some restrictions. For generating the opposite direction force to gravity forces, it is necessary that the length between each angular joint position is larger than the length of gripped materials. This should be considered on the design step of angular type grippers. Otherwise, the gripping force separates to the normal and the same directional force to gravity forces. The other restriction is that the tip of gripper must have passive joint or active joint for the plane-to-plane contact between faces of gripped material and gripper tip, for getting the high frictional coefficient. In this paper, we describe the case of adaptation of passive joint. This leads simpler implementation than the active joint. Especially, we focus on the torsional spring deposed at between jaw link and tip as the passive joint, with effects of design parameters of this torsional spring such as the torsional stiffness and preload with multi-body dynamics simulation.
Experimental Study on Galling Behavior of Advanced High Strength Steel in Sheet Metal Forming
Authors: Hou Ying Ke , Li Shu Hui , Zhao Yi Xi , Yu Zhong Qi
Published: April 2012

Galling is a known failure mechanism in many sheet metal forming processes. It limits the lifetime of tools and the quality of the products is affected. In this study, U-channel stamping experiments are performed to investigate the galling behavior of the advanced high strength steels in sheet metal forming . The sheet materials used in the tests are DP590 and DP780. In addition to the DP steels, the mild steel B170P1 is tested as a reference material in this study. Experimental results indicate that galling problem becomes severe in the forming process and the galling tendency can be divided into three different stages. The results also show that sheet material and tool hardness have crucial effects on galling performance in the forming of advanced high strength steels. In this study, DP780 results in the most heaviest galling among the three types of sheet materials. Galling performance are improved with increased hardness of the forming tool.
Feasibility Analysis on Application of Nonstandard Casing in PuGuang Gas Field
Authors: Li Wen Fei
Published: April 2012

According to the geostress and casing structure data of Puguang gas field，mechanics and deformation law of nonstandard casing is studied on condition of non uniformity and high geostress. The results show that collapse strength has increased 51.75 MPa（270%）as thickness raise from 8.98 mm to 15.11 mm under uniform external loads. Under the nonuniform external loads, the collapse strength of casing has reduced 60% in some degree such as thickness is 13.84 mm. Application in site proves that nonstandard casing is feasible, which is significant for safe and efficient exploit in Puguang gas field.