bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Counterfactual groups to assess treatment efficacy in HIV prevention trials in high risk populations in Uganda
Authors: Abaasa Andrew , Mayanja Yunia , Anywaine Zacchaeus , Kusemererwa Sylvia , Ruzagira Eugene , Kaleebu Pontiano
Published: July 2022

Background: Assessment of efficacy in HIV prevention trials remains a challenge in the era of widespread use of active controls. We investigated use of countefactual groups to assess treatment efficacy.Methods: We used data from placebo arms of two previous HIV prevention efficacy trials (Pro2000 vaginal microbicide trial, 2005-2009 and dapivirine vaginal ring trial, 2013-2016) and four observational cohorts (two in each of the periods; (a) during the conduct of a simulated HIV vaccine efficacy trial (SiVET), 2012-2017 and (b) prior to SiVET (2005-2011), and compared HIV prevention efficacy trial targeted outcomes with SiVETs. SiVET participants were administered a licensed Hepatitis B vaccine at 0,1 and 6 months mimicking an HIV vaccine efficacy trial schedule. Participants were tested for HIV quarterly for one year. The probability of SiVET assignment conditioned on measured participants baseline characteristics were estimated using propensity scores (PS) and matched between SiVET and placebo arm of trials. Similar calculations were repeated for observational cohorts in the pre and during SiVET periods. We compared HIV incidence rate ratio (IRR) between SiVET and the trials or observational data before and after PS matching. Results: This analysis involved data from 3,387 participants; observational cohorts before SiVET 1495 (44.2%), placebo arms of previous trials 367 (10.8%), observational cohorts during SiVET conduct 953 (28.1%) and SiVETs 572 (16.9%). Before propensity score matching (PSM), there were significant imbalances in participants baseline characteristics between SiVET and all the other studies and HIV incidence was lower in SiVET. After PSM, the participants characteristics were comparable. The HIV incidence in SiVET was similar to that in the previous trial, IRR=1.01 95%CI:0.16-4.70), p=0.968, and observational data during SiVET, IRR=0.74, 95%CI 0.34-1.54), p=0.195 but much lower compared to the observational data pre SiVET, IRR=0.48, 95%CI:0.20-1.04) p=0.023.Conclusion: PSM can be used to create countefactual groups from other data sources. The best counterfactual group for assessing treatment effect is provided by data collected in the placebo arm of previous trials followed by that from observational data collected concurrently to the current trial (SiVET). Even with PSM, observational data collected prior to the current trial may over estimate treatment effect.
Infectious keratitis caused by Klebsiella spp.: predisposing factors, presentation, and management
Authors: Masoumi Ahmad , Zeidabadiejad Hanyieh , Jafari Behzad , Esfandiari Amirreza , Soleimani Mohammad
Published: July 2022

Purpose
To study predisposing factors, clinical presentation and management strategies for klebsiella keratitis.
Methods
A retrospective case review was performed on clinical records of culture-proven klebsiella keratitis cases in a tertiary referral center over an 8-year period (from 2012 to 2020).
Results
Thirty eight episodes of culture-proven klebsiella keratitis were identified in 37 patients. The mean age of the patients was 62.9 years (range, 24–101).. Multiple predisposing factors were identified in 33 eyes including history of previous keratoplasty (n = 11) history of ocular trauma (n = 7), preexisting ocular surface disease(n = 7) and diabetes(n = 6). Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) was light perception (LP) in 16 patients, hand motion (HM) in 12, counting fingers (CF) at 50 centimeters in 5, CF at 1 meter in 1, CF at 2 m in 2 .One patient had a CDVA of 3/10. On initial examination Hypopyon was detected in 21 eyes. Descemet's membrane folds were present in 1 eye. Corneal thinning was identified in 20 eyes and perforation occurred in 4 patients. Corneal ulcer progressed to endophthalmitis in one patient. Microbiologic sensitivity testing showed that 89.5% isolates were sensitive to amikacin (34/38),88.9%sensitive to ceftazidime (32/36),94.4% were sensitive to gentamicin (34/36),97.2% sensitive to ciprofloxacin (35/36), and 100% to levofloxacin (26/26).Ultimately, one or more surgical procedures was needed in 21 patients.
Conclusion
Previous keratoplasty, history of ocular trauma, ocular surface disease and systemic disease such as diabetes are major risk factors for Klebsiella keratitis. In most of the patients, surgical and tectonic procedures were necessary to control the infection.
Hair growth and restoration by transcriptional control of tissue regeneration in cancer recovery process by Huaier.
Authors: Tanaka Manami , Tanaka Tomoo , Zhu Xiaolong , Fei Teng , Lin Hong , Luo Zhu , Pan Ying , Sadahiro Sotaro , Suzuki Toshiyuki , Maeda Yuji , Wei Ding , Lu Zhengxin
Published: July 2022

In the process of caner recovery, Huaier simultaneously promotes significant hair growth and restoration as a typical evidence of its efficacy on induced tissue regeneration and repair function. Hair growth after conventional chemotherapy was a first and significant observation, and that in dose-dependent manner. The molecular basis of hair growth was identified as the activation of Hedgehog signaling pathway and among various perturbed signal transfer network, which initiates systematic tissue repair not only in pathogenic lesions but also to skin problems and inter/intra neural signal transfer. The activation followed by the inhibition at 3-6 months interval resulted in the prevention of subsequent complications, such as recurrence and metastasis by transcriptional control in cancer stem cell production. This regulation was demonstrated to occur irrespectively to SMO (smoothhead) function. The present study thus provides a simple and clear proof of Huaier effects on tissue regeneration, additional to the reported cancer specific-cell death.
Usefulness of discharge standards in outpatients undergoing sedative endoscopy: a propensity score-matched study of the modified post-anesthetic discharge scoring system and the modified Aldrete score
Authors: Yamaguchi Daisuke , Morisaki Tomohito , Sakata Yasuhisa , Mizuta Yumi , Nagatsuma Goshi , Inoue Suma , Shimakura Akane , Jubashi Amane , Takeuchi Yuki , Ikeda Kei , Tanaka Yuichiro , Yoshioka Wataru , Hino Naoyuki , Ario Keisuke , Tsunada Seiji , Esaki Motohiro
Published: July 2022

Background
This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of discharge standards in outpatients undergoing sedative endoscopy by comparing the modified post-anesthetic discharge scoring system (MPADSS) and the modified Aldrete score.
Methods
We prospectively enrolled 376 outpatients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy under midazolam sedation; 181 outpatients were assessed regarding discharge after sedative endoscopy using the MPADSS (group M), and 195 patients were assessed by the modified Aldrete score (group A). The clinical characteristics, types of endoscopy, endoscopic outcomes, and anesthesia outcomes were evaluated between the two groups. We compared discharge score, recovery time, and adverse events using propensity-score matching.
Results
Propensity-score matching created 120 matched pairs. The proportion of patients who had a recovery time within 60 minutes after endoscopy was significantly higher in group A than that in group M (42.5% versus 25.0%, respectively; P < 0.01). The proportion of patients who required > 120 minutes of recovery time after endoscopy was significantly lower in group A than that in group M (0.0% versus 5.0%, respectively; P = 0.03). However, significantly more patients had drowsiness at discharge in group A compared with group M (19.1% versus 5.0%, respectively; P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the adverse event rate within 24 hours of discharge between the groups.
Conclusions
Patients assessed by the modified Aldrete score were allowed to discharge earlier than those assessed by the MPADSS. However, a patient’s level of consciousness should be assessed carefully, especially in patients who visit the hospital alone.
The Role And Mechanism Of Calcitriol In Promoting Intestinal Injury in AKI By Improving The Intestinal Barrier
Authors: Huo Aijing , FengmeiWang  , Xia Jingjing , Wang Haoyu
Published: July 2022

BackgroundThe intestinal microbiota affects the inflammatory status of the host and the prognosis of chronic diseases. However, it is not clear whether acute kidney injury (AKI) affects the gut microbiota. Calcitriol (Cal) is the most active form of vitamin D and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Methods and ResultsIn this study, we determined the close interaction between AKI and the intestinal microbiota and the efficacy and mechanism of high-dose Cal as an intestinal protective agent in AKI rats with renal ischemia–reperfusion injury. In the AKI rat model, intestinal infiltration of inflammatory cells and the deterioration of renal function were significantly alleviated by Cal pretreatment. By increasing the levels of Zonula Occludens-1(ZO-1and Occludin), Cal significantly prevented the destruction of the intestinal barrier in AKI. In addition, Cal pretreatment reduced the levels of intestinal IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, downregulated the transcription of a series of inflammatory signaling molecules, and as well as the expression of KIM-1 and IL-6 in the kidney. In AKI rats, Cal decreased the concentration of Proteobacteria and enhanced the linear discriminant (LDA) score of beneficial bacteria (such as Lactobacillus). Cal increased the expression of butyric acid among intestinal metabolites. Cal supplementation decreased serum LPS levels and downstream TLR4-NF-κB signaling. ConclusionsHigh-dose Cal may play a protective role in AKI by regulating TLR4-related signaling pathways and the intestinal microbiota. This study demonstrates the renal effects of Cal and its potential therapeutic mechanism and provides new insights for the treatment of AKI.
Meta-analysis of the quantitative trait loci associated with agronomic traits, fertility restoration, disease resistance, and seed quality traits in pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)
Authors: Halladakeri Priyanka , Gudi Santosh , Singh Gurjeet , Saini Dinesh Kumar , Sakure Amar , Macwana Sneha
Published: July 2022

A meta-analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with agronomic traits, fertility restoration, disease resistance, and seed quality traits, was conducted for the first time in pigeonpea. Data on 498 QTLs was collected from 9 linkage mapping studies (involving 21 bi-parental populations). Of these 498, 203 QTLs were projected onto "PigeonPea_ConsensusMap_2022," saturated with 10,522 markers, which resulted in the prediction of 34 meta-QTLs (MQTLs). The average confidence interval (CI) of these MQTLs (2.54 cM) was 3.37-times lower than the CI of the initial QTLs (8.56 cM). Of the 34 MQTLs, 12 high-confidence MQTLs with smaller CI (≤ 5 cM) and a greater number of initial QTLs (≥ 5) were utilized to extract 2,255 gene models, of which 105 were believed to be associated with different traits. The comparison of physical coordinates of MQTLs and marker trait associations reported from genome-wide association studies enabled the validation of eight MQTLs. Furthermore, synteny and ortho-MQTL analysis among pigeonpea and four related legumes crops such as chickpea, pea, cowpea, and french bean led to the identification 117 orthologous genes from 20 MQTL regions. Flanking markers of identified MQTLs can be employed for MQTL-assisted breeding as well as to improve the prediction accuracy of genomic selection in pigeonpea. Furthermore, genes identified in this study could be potential targets for positional cloning and functional analysis to unveil the molecular mechanisms underlying the target traits.
Factors Associated with Receptive and Expressive Language in Autistic Children and Siblings: A systematic review
Authors: Mues Marjolein , Schaubroeck Sarah , Demurie Ellen , Roeyers Herbert
Published: July 2022

Background
Language abilities of autistic children and children at elevated likelihood for autism (EL-siblings) are highly heterogeneous, and many of them develop language deficits. It is as of yet unclear why language abilities of autistic children and EL-siblings vary, although a multifactorial risk model for language deficits seems more plausible than a single exploratory factor. In this review, we discuss research articles that identify factors implicated in the receptive or expressive language abilities of autistic children and EL-siblings since the introduction of the DSM-5.
Method
The search strategy of this review followed the PRISMA guidelines. The following databased were consulted: Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. Risk of bias (ROB) assessment was completed on using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scales.
Results
Out of 25624 records screened, 54 articles were included. We identified 56 factors implicated in receptive or expressive language abilities of autistic children and EL-siblings and divided them into ten categories: autism traits; biological factors; brain-based factors; child characteristics and early child development; environmental factors; gestures; motor skills; parental input; social factors and other factors. Although many of the identified variables were only examined in one article, some well-researched factors stood out, in particular joint attention, nonverbal cognitive abilities and frontal EEG power.
Conclusions
Our results confirm that a multifactorial risk model is most likely for language deficits in autism. Important aspects that should be considered in such a model are, amongst others, social factors such as joint attention, child characteristics such as nonverbal cognition, and neurocognitive factors.
Generalized Poincaré Conjecture via Alexander trick over C-isomorphism extension to h-cobordism on inclusion maps with associated Kan-complex
Authors: Bhattacharjee Deep
Published: July 2022

The generalized norm of the Poincaré conjecture was initiated with the extension of Henri Poincaré,s conjecture for n-dimensions. Steps have been taken thoroughly to prove the same from dimension-1 to dimension ≥5. Perelman closed the proof for dimension-3 thereby solving the millennium prize problem. Michael Freedman showed the validation in dimension-4 and Stephen Smale showed the validation in dimension ≥5. This paper would introduce a step-by-step proof taking Kan-fibration and Kan-complex being channeled from orders of Whitehead group, C-isomorphism, for any boundary manifold that implies a disjoint union among two n-dimensional manifolds for inclusion maps satisfying the vanishing torsion for a categorical correspondence on h-cobordism and Whitehead groups.
Mucolitic, Alkaline and Antiviral Properties of Potassium Hydroxide
Authors: Zümrütdal Emin , İstifli Erman Salih , Kökbaş Umut , Öksüz Hale , Yılmaz Bertan Mehmet , Külahçı Özgür , Sezer Osman , Kurt Cemal , Uslu Fatıma Masume , Dinçer Sadık , Kılınççeker Güray , Zarifi Farhad
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Although ash has been used for treatment and cleaning among the people since Avicenna, its use for therapeutic purposes is not common in modern medicine. The main ingredient of ash is potassium hydroxide (KOH).Methods: In this paper, the antiviral properties of KOH were studied in vivo and in vitro conditions in mucolytic, alkaline and enveloped viruses that cause respiratory tract disease. For this purpose, a 6-stage study was planned. The physicochemical properties of the highest dose of KOH, whose caustic properties are well known, that can be used orally in humans, and the changes in the structure of mucus were investigated. Then, interactions of KOH with the membrane phospholipid bilayer complex, mucin 5AC, corona viruses spike glycoprotein, TMPRSS2 and human ACE2 (hACE2) receptors, and neuraminidase active site in influenza virus were investigated in silico, and the toxicity and beneficial properties of KOH in cells, both in vitro and in vivo, were evaluated.Results: It has been shown that at the applied doses, KOH has a mucolytic effect and increases the pH of the environment in mucus. It has been shown to prolong life span in cell culture and have no toxicity, and in the in silico study it binds to the hydrophilic part of the cell membrane, corona virus spike glycoprotein, TMPRSS2 hACE2 receptor and neuraminidase active site in influenza virus. Oral use of KOH in the form of a spray in mice had no toxic effects on the mucosa and the inhaler application has a mucolytic effect by decreasing the viscosity of mucus in the respiratory tract.Conclusion: In light of these findings, KOH can be mucolytic, alkaline, and antiviral for enveloped viruses in the respiratory tract.
Ubi-tagging: A ubiquitin-based modular platform for site-directed antibody conjugation
Authors:   Angela el Hebieshy1, Gall Camille Le , Middelburg Jim , Fennemann Felix , Sluijter Marjolein , Hall Thorbald van ,   Paul Paul W.H.I. Parren4, Noort Gerbrand van der Heden van , Verdoes Martijn , Ovaa Huib , Scheeren Ferenc
Published: July 2022

Antibody conjugates form a foundation for many research, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications. Despite the robustness and efficiency of existing antibody conjugation techniques, the challenge of obtaining homogeneous products remains. Here, we developed a versatile modular method for site-directed antibody conjugation using the small protein ubiquitin. We show that ubiquitin, when fused to antibodies or antibody fragments, is conjugated using in vitro ubiquitin ligation with an average efficiency of 95%. We effectively applied this method, which we named ubi-tagging, to conjugate chemically-synthesized ubiquitin with a site-specifically incorporated payload (fluorophore) to ubi-tagged antibodies. Additionally, we show that this method efficiently generates di-, tri-, and multi-valent antibody complexes, including a bi-specific T cell activator and a DC-targeting antibody for the induction of an antigen-specific immune response. The combined use of both recombinant ubi-tags and synthetic ubiquitin allows homogeneous site-directed antibody conjugation with defined conjugates incorporating precise functionalities while retaining antibody functionality.
Influence of the main parameters of a dual-mass oscillation system on its dynamic characteristics
Authors: Zedgenizov V. G. , Fayzov S. H.
Published: July 2022

The influence of the main parameters of a dual-mass oscillation system on its dynamic characteristics is examined.

   The object of the study comprises the oscillation system of a vibration machine, containing two masses, connected by elastic and dissipative elements. A reduction in the instability of the operating mode when changing the load or frequency of the driving force can be achieved by expanding the resonance zone. Mathematical modelling and simulation experiment approaches were used for the research. Based on the results obtained using the mathematical model for dual-mass oscillation system by Matlab-Simulink, an algorithm is proposed that includes a procedure for forming an amplitude-frequency response with an extended resonance zone and describing the influence of the main parameters of the oscillation system on the location and width of the specified resonance zone. It is shown that with an increase in the second mass of the oscillation system, the horizontal section of the amplitude-frequency response declines and shifts to the region of lower frequencies. This is explained by the increasing inertness of the system to the driving force. With a larger initial mass, the gain of amplitude-frequency response was shown to increase, while the width of the horizontal section decreases. Further, with increased stiffness of the first elastic element, the resonance section descends even lower and shifts towards higher frequency values of the driving force; however, the width of the section increases. Therefore, the method of correcting the amplitude-frequency response by introducing additional mass into the structure of an oscillation machine in order to expand its resonance zone with no additional automated devices seems promising. The obtained results may form the basis for a calculation method for energy-efficient resonance oscillation machines.
Development of an artificial neural network-based method for determining the flexibility of power systems with high share of wind generation
Authors: Aksaeva E. S. , Glazunova A. M.
Published: July 2022

A method for the online determination of the resilience of an electric power system using artificial neural networks having various structures is presented. A developed algorithm comprised of an artificial neural network with multiple learning paradigms is used for the rapid calculation of the adaptability index of the electric power system. A satisfactory time for obtaining results is ensured by dividing the adaptability calculation into offline and online processes. To train the neural networks, various methods were used. The multilayer perceptron was trained using the method of back-ward propagation of error, while training of the Kohonen neural network was performed based on the winner-take-all rule. Euclidean distance was used as a proximity measure between the studied vectors. An algorithm for analysing the results obtained by two types of artificial neural networks having dissimilar structures was developed in order to select their optimal structure and recommend a neural network for the real-time determination of the resilience of an electric power system. The proposed algorithm was validated on a 6-node scheme following the command script: computing the resilience of a given system, functioning in multiple modes. The criterion analysis showed that the structures of multilayer perceptron having 16 neurons in a hidden layer and Kohonen neural network having 9 output neurons represent the optimal solution for determining the steady-state mode at the minimum resilience in real-time. According to the results, the value of the resilience of the system varies over the course of a day. The possibility of using artificial neural networks for determining the resilience of electric power systems in real-time is demonstrated.
Increasing the efficiency of wind farms
Authors: Hassan F. A. , Alali Сh. , Gainullina L. R.
Published: July 2022

This work evaluates variables affecting wind parameters in order to maximally reduce turbulence and trace. In addition, the position of each wind turbine in a farm and the limits of wind turbines are determined in order to determine an optimal distance between them.

   To this end, a 150 MW wind farm operating 60 wind turbines was studied. The speed and direction of wind was studied using a wind-measuring installation. An optimal mode of operating a wind farm was calculated using the WindFarmer software produced by DNV GL (Norway). Experiments conducted on a site in the south-east of the Republic of Tatarstan showed its suitability for the construction of a wind power plant: the proximity of electrical networks and the absence of large buildings and forests. The wind shear at different heights (at the levels of anemometers) was found to be 0.2. Wind turbines were selected based on a calculation of power factors, which comprised 47 % for Siemens Gamesa SG 3.4-132 3.465MW, 45 % for Vestas V126-3.45 HTq and 29% for Lagerwey L100-2.5 MW. The conducted analysis of the main external factors (ground profile, average wind speed, distance to electrical networks, etc.) affecting the selection of an optimal site for a wind power plant, as well as the calculation of an average wind shear of 0.2, confirmed the suitability of the site under study. According to the calculated capacity factor, Lagerwey L100 and Siemens Gamesa SG 3.4-132 turbines showed the lowest (2.5 MW) and highest (3.465 MW) values, respectively. However, from an economic point of view, a balance between the turbine’s capacity factor and its cost should be achieved.
Reliability methods for delivery of primary energy resources at a power plant during a reliability audit of electric energy systems
Authors: Dzyubina T. V. , Kovalev G. F. , Krupenev D. S.
Published: July 2022

Various approaches (nodal, system and estimation) to assessing the reliability of electric power systems, including the effectiveness of fuel supply, are compared and evaluated. A method of statistical testing (Monte Carlo method) is used to assess the reliability of electric power and gas supply systems. For calculating power shortages in electric power systems, the internal points method was used; in order to calculate minimum costs in gas supply systems, the Basaker-Gowan method was used. To calculate the reliability indicators of these systems, probability theory methods were employed, including calculation of probability distribution series, addition and multiplication theorems. Independent tests based on the Bernoulli formula, addition and multiplication theorems, as well as the composition method of distribution series, were used to calculate the distribution series of random states for fuel and electricity supply systems when examining the proposed approaches (nodal, system and estimation approaches). All approaches (nodal, system and estimation) to assessing the reliability of electric power systems, including reliable fuel supply to electric power plants, were evaluated using the following examples: "nodal" and "system" using nominal examples of fuel-supply and electric power systems, as well as "evaluation" using the computational schemes of gas supply and power systems of the North-West Federal District. It is recommended to apply approaches depending on the technological characteristics of the given systems and their connection structure for calculating the base-load provision reliability of energy systems, as well as their feasibility regarding the accuracy of the obtained results, time consumption and the complexity of the data search, preparation and presentation in the model.
Study of operational modes of an "electric drive–turbomachinery–pipeline" technological complex
Authors: Pavlov V. E.
Published: July 2022

A developed mathematical model of an asynchronous motor – turbomachinery pipeline technological complex is presented. An analysis of starting conditions is carried out by a nonlinear differential calculus and graphic analytical method. The calculations for the model were performed using the MATLAB software package. The flow, head, efficiency of the pump mechanism and entire pump unit, stator current, angular frequency and torque of the asynchronous motor were calculated at pump start-up and with an increase of pipeline resistance coefficient by 2, 5, 10, and 1000 times. At an increase in the pipeline resistance coefficient by 10 times, the pump efficiency is shown to be reduced by 2.8 times, while the head is increased by 1.28 times; meanwhile, the torque, stator current, and rotational speed of the asynchronous motor change insignificantly. The torque and current decrease by 1.167 and 1.034 times, respectively, while the speed increases by 1.0046 times; the efficiency of the pump mechanism and pump assembly (including motor) decreases by 1.78 and 1.89 times, respectively. The start-up time of the pump motor equals 0.5 s; the maximum stator current at start-up exceeds the nominal value by 4.39 times; the steady-state stator current comprises no more than 59.3 % of the nominal value. The developed mathematical model of the asynchronous motor – turbomachinery – pipeline technological complex is established to allow the operational and energy parameters of the unit to be quantitatively estimated at start-up, while the pump capacity is capable of being controlled by throttling.
Justification of the need to improve emergency control systems for preventing disturbances of voltage stability in power systems
Authors: Reutsky I. S. , Kurbatsky V. G.
Published: July 2022

This article is aimed at justifying the need to modernize the existing systems that ensure voltage stability in the Unified Power System of Russia under the conditions of its permanent development, structural complication and active implementation of distributed generation. To this end, an analysis of the existing systems of emergency control used in the Unified Power System of Russia was conducted by considering their efficiency during major system accidents, including those in 2005 and 2017. In addition, specific features of operating power system facilities in the northern part of the Irkutsk Oblast were investigated from the standpoint of voltage stability. The conducted analysis of the operation of emergency control systems in the context of system accidents, including possible incorrect actions, identified their following disadvantages: insufficient fault tolerance, weak adaptability to emergency disturbances (including abnormal situations), as well as a lack of coordination between local devices and the discreteness of regulation. These shortcomings can be eliminated by introducing intelligent automation systems based on artificial neural networks and machine learning, as well as high-performance multi-agent systems into the structure of the emergency management of the Unified Power System of Russia. The results obtained indicate the need to modernize the existing voltage stability systems operated in the Unified Power System of Russia, both their software and hardware components. The proposed implementation of intelligent systems is expected to improve the existing systems at the same time as maintaining the current effective hierarchical principles of emergency management.
Phase equilibria in Hg-Al system during vacuum distillation
Authors: Korolev A. A. , Shunin V. A. , Timofeev K. L. , Maltsev G. I. , Voinkov R. S.
Published: July 2022

In this work, gas-liquid equilibrium states are calculated, including phase composition dependences on temperature (T-x) and pressure (P-x) for the Hg-Al alloy during vacuum distillation. The objects of research comprised Hg-Al alloys having the following composition, mole %: 20–80 Hg; 80–20 Al, whose formation may occur during the processing of copper anode slime upon producing commercial selenium concentrate. A simplified molecular interaction volume model was used to calculate the activity coefficients of the components in the Hg-Al alloy. Phase diagrams of temperature (T-x) and pressure (P-x) are used for the preliminary selection of temperature and pressure in the system, as well as for the evaluation of the separation efficiency of components. The novelty of the research stems from calculating activity coefficients using the selected simplified model. Saturated vapour pressures for Hg (p*Hg) and Al (p*Al) were calculated in the temperature range of 823–1073 K. The high values of the p*Hg / p*Al ≥ 3 . 1010 ratio and separation coefficient llogβHg ≥ 10 provide theoretical premises for selective extraction of these metals by vacuum distillation, where mercury is concentrated in the gas phase (βHg > 1) and aluminium in the liquid phase. The values of excess Gibb’s energy, enthalpy and entropy changes for the liquid-gas interface of Hg-Al alloy were determined: ΔGE/m = 1–3 кJ/mol;  = 1-3 kJ/mol; +-ΔGE/m = 0,03–0,17 kJ/mol. The practical significance of the research lies in minimising the number of initial experiments during the processing of Hg-Al compositions for optimising the temperature and pressure in the vacuum distillation process.
A Diachronic Study of Preposition Selection in the Passives of Emotion Verbs
Authors:   British And American Language And Literature Association Of Korea, Kim Hyeree
Published: July 2022

This study deals with synchronic variation and diachronic change with respect to the selection of prepositions in the passives of the emotion verbs meaning ‘surprise’, eg. surprise, amaze, shock, alarm, astonish, astound. As a result of the examination of the corpora COCA and BNC, it was found that there were no great synchronic differences in preposition selection between American and British English. The prepositions by and at were overwhelmingly preferred in both varieties, and with and about were used at considerably low frequency. In order to know these preferences are true in all historical periods, this study examined COHA(1820s-present, ie. LModE), EEBO(1470s-1690s, ie. EModE), and found out that (i) in LModE as well as in PDE, the frequencies of at and by were by far higher than those of with and about, (ii) during LModE, at consistently decreased and by increased over time, thus the use of at and by being inversely proportional to each other, (iii) in LModE the use of with was concentrated in the early period, and it was used more frequently in EModE than LModE. (iv) in EModE the frequencies of at and with were higher than that of by, (v) about was rarely used in EModE and mostly used in the late period of LModE. All these findings are against Osmond’s(1997) and Kim’s(2017) accounts and reveal that at and by are not always preferred with the meaning ‘surprise’ in all historical periods.
A Study on the Development Process of Cha Jari in Korea and Suggestion
Authors:   Association for International Tea Culture, Kim Yeong-Ja
Published: July 2022

'Tea', a favorite drink of today, has appeared in human life since the beginning of B.C. For the ancients, tea was used as a medicine and, more broadly, as a sacrificial food to the gods. The tea began as a symbol of communication with God and is being connected to modern times. For this reason, tea can be said to encompass pharmacology, ethnicity, spirituality, and artistry. As a characteristic of the tea table in the tea culture space, the color, flavor, beauty and artistry of tea Instrument, and the polyphagy and diversification enjoyed while drinking tea appear as a comprehensive art that forms tea culture. Cha Jari is not only the act of drinking tea, but also the act of preparing tea as a medium for tea to prepare Dadogu(茶道具), Dasik(茶食), Dahwa(茶花) diversification, etc., and to enjoy other surrounding elements. Even now, as a tea culture, the Cha Jari is being inherited and developed. In this paper, we will divide the Cha Jari into Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla, Goryeo, and Joseon to examine its aspects and features, and make suggestions for modern Cha Jari.
Conocimiento de Contenido Tecnológico y Pedagógico (TPACK) y creencias sobre las TIC de profesores de matemáticas en formación inicial
Authors: Merlano Meza Daniela Lucia , Valbuena Duarte Sonia , Conde Carmona Robinson
Published: July 2022

l estudio reúne elementos esenciales al momento en que los profesores buscan desarrollar procesos educativos en la enseñanza de las matemáticas de forma didáctica, a partir de la integración de recursos tecnológicos para apoyar el proceso de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. Por ello, se pretenden caracterizar los conocimientos y creencias de los profesores de matemática en formación inicial en torno a las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación (TIC). El alcance metodológico es de tipo descriptivo por fases, acompañado de la aplicación de técnicas e instrumentos como la encuesta, los grupos focales y una observación no participante, a 47 profesores de matemática en formación inicial de una universidad pública del Caribe colombiano, con la finalidad de recolectar información sobre el Conocimiento de Contenido Matemático (MCK por su sigla en Inglés), las creencias del profesor, el Conocimiento de Contenido Tecnológico y Pedagógico (TPACK por su sigla en inglés) en matemáticas y las competencias TIC del profesor. Aunque dentro de los resultados obtenidos se destaca el escaso conocimiento que tienen los profesores al impartir contenido matemático con recursos tecnológicos, situación que limita su impacto en el aula de clases, los participantes están interesados en conocer, aprender y explorar su uso; además se observa una limitada integración de TPACK en la formación de profesores de matemáticas y un escaso conocimiento y uso de software matemático en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.
Portada y contraportada
Authors: Alvites-Huamaní Cleofé
Published: July 2022

Carátula, información sobre Hamut'ay y Comité Editorial del número 9(1).
Modeling tail risk in Indian commodity markets using conditional EVT-VaR and their relation to the stock market
Authors: Agnihotri Shalini , Chauhan Kanishk
Published: July 2022

Investment in commodity markets in India accelerated after 2007; this was accompanied by large price variability, hence, it becomes imperative to measure commodity price risk precisely. It becomes equally important to study the relationship between commodity price variability and the stock market. Hence, this study aims to calculate the tail risk of highly traded Indian commodity futures returns using the conditional EVT-VaR method for risk measurement. Secondly, the linkage between commodity markets and the stock market is also studied using the Delta CoVaR method. Results highlight the following points. There is risk transfer from the extreme increase/decrease in crude oil futures returns to the Nifty Index returns. Both extreme price increase or decrease of crude oil futures driven either by financial or a combination of financial and economic shocks affect the stock market. Zinc and Natural gas futures are not linked to the stock market, which means they can be useful in portfolio diversification. The findings suggest that, in Indian commodity markets, EVT-VaR is a useful tool for measuring risk. Only Crude oil futures shocks affect the stock market, and extreme integration between them becomes more prominent when oil shocks are driven by financial factors. Commodities other than Crude oil are not integrated with stock markets in India.
Anxiety and sleep disorders
Authors: Ebzeeva E. Yu. , Polyakova O. A.
Published: July 2022

Anxiety disorders are widespread among patients of primary care physicians and are the cause of increased morbidity and access to healthcare. Anxiety is a reaction of the body to the effects of stress and is manifested by the development of psychovegetative syndrome. In the general population, 5 to 7% of people have clinically significant anxiety, and in the practice of primary care physicians, these disorders are detected in every fourth patient. Anxiety disorder contributes to the development of psychogenic somatic pathology and/or negatively affects the course of background disease. Most patients with anxiety disorders suffer from various sleep disorders. In general practice, the frequency of sleep disorders reaches 73%. Chronic sleep disorder can act as a  stressor that contributes to the  development of  pathophysiological changes in  the body and increases anxiety. The above determines the need for early detection of sleep disorders and its timely treatment. The current treatment strategy for patients with sleep disorders involves an individualized approach to insomnia therapy. The existing arsenal of drugs used to treat sleep disorders allows this principle to be applied taking into account concomitant diseases (including anxiety disorders). The choice of product is also determined by good tolerability, efficacy and high safety profile. The optimal drug that answers the above requirements is doxylamine succinate, which allows you to effectively stop both anxiety symptoms and sleep disorders. Due to its high safety profile, doxylamine succinate can be used in the treatment of insomnia in pregnant women. The release form determines the convenience of use and the possibility of selecting an individual dose of the drug.
Association between marital status and age dynamics of cognitive functions in ageing in a Russian population sample
Authors: Titarenko A. V. , Shishkin S. V. , Shcherbakova L. V. , Verevkin E. G. , Hubacek J. A. , Bobak M. , Malyutina S. K.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The identification of risk factors for cognitive decline during ageing is of great importance for prevention of dementia. Being married or cohabited is considered a protective factor for health. The impact of marital status on age-related decrease of cognitive functions (CF) is understudied.

The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between the indicators of CF and marital status in a cross-sectional analysis and in 2 serial measurements over 9 years in a population sample of middle to older age in Russia.

Materials and methods. The study was based on a random population sample of men and women aged 45–69 years old examined at baseline in 2003–2005 in Novosibirsk (n = 9360, HAPIEE project). Present analysis included a subsample of persons with repeated serial measurements – 3153 people. The average follow-up period was 9.2 (SD = 0.7) years. CF was assessed using standard validated methods, including immediate and delayed recall of 10 words, semantic verbal fluency and letter cancellation test. Marital status was determined by standardized questionnaires, groups of single and married/cohabiting participants were identified.

Results. In studied population sample (n = 3153, 62% of women), the mean age of participants at baseline examination was 60.3 ± 6.8 years old, and at follow-up examination – 69.5 ± 6.9 years old. During the 9-year follow-up, a significant negative dynamics of the studied cognitive domains (p < 0.001) was revealed in single for both sexes. In multivariable-adjusted models, the rate of CF regress per year did not differ by marital status in both sexes, except for increased rate of decline in semantic verbal fluency in women, partly it was explained by high baseline level. Married or cohabiting women had faster rate of decline in this indicator (p = 0.007) compared with single, regardless of age and other risk factors.

Conclusion. The findings obtained in this population sample in Novosibirsk support a potential protective effect of marriage or cohabitation on CF preservation during ageing.
Joint pathology in musculoskeletal lumbar pain: a dialogue between a neurologist and a rheumatologist
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: July 2022

Skeletal-muscular (nonspecific) lumbar pain (lumbodynia), often with spread to the leg (lumboishialgia), is one of the most common causes of consultations with a physician and temporary disability in the population. In many cases, the development of pain is associated with lesions of the lumbar facet joints (LFJ) and sacroiliac joint (SI). What are the causes, clinical features, and diagnosis of lumbar pain caused by lesions of the LFJ and SI? What should be the medical tactics for lumbar pain caused by LFJ and SI lesions? What is the actual practice of treating such patients? Leading experts discuss the problem of managing patients with lumbar musculoskeletal pain:

Parfenov Vladimir Anatolievich – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Neurologist, Head of the Department of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery, Sklifosovskiy Institute of Clinical Medicine? First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Karateev Andrey Evgenyevich – Dr. Sci. (Med.), Head of the Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Pain and Clinical Polymorphism of Musculoskeletal Diseases Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology.
Conceptualization of ocean development The evolution of the law and the naval strategy for sustainability
Authors: Barros Victor
Published: July 2022

Taking into consideration the radical changes concerning development in the past century, this work has been for- mulated to see a new perspective where the ocean can be revived as a fundamental player for sustainable growth and development today. Structured in three sections, this paper goes through the geographers’ vision of the ocean as an original and rediscovered space of society, followed by juridical thought and its application to international ocean governance. That culminates with the capacity to systematically consolidate the different aspects of the mi- litary navies and how the navy can be reorganised to fit the reality of ocean sustainability and development.
Portos, aeroportos e zonas econômicas especiais Os projetos de infraestrutura da China no Camboja e suas implicações econômicas e geopolíticas
Authors: Hendler Bruno , dos Santos Douglas
Published: July 2022

A hipótese central deste artigo é que a China tem ampliado sua influência em países do sul global a partir de três vetores de projeção externa que, por sua vez, estão calcados em transformações domésticas que ganharam corpo a partir de meados dos anos 2000. Para verificar tal hipótese, toma-se como estudo de caso as relações bilaterais China-Camboja.O artigo está dividido nos seguintes tópicos, além desta introdução: i) um debate sobre as três grandes transformações domésticas na China desde meados dos anos 2000, com ênfase na mudança no regime de acumulação e no papel das empresas públicas e privadas; ii) a proposição de um modelo teórico para compreender como as forças envolvidas nessas transformações atuam de forma convergente para garantir seus interesses no plano internacional; e iii) um estudo de caso sobre as relações bilaterais China- Camboja, tendo como ênfase os projetos de infraestrutura portuária, aeroportuária e de zonas econômicas especiais.
Vibration characteristics of mistuned multistage bladed disks of the aero-engine compressor
Authors: Zhang Hongyuan , Feng Haiyu , You Xiaomei , Zhao Tianyu
Published: July 2022

In order to analyze the vibration characteristics of mistuned multistage bladed disks of an aero-engine compressor, a finite element reduction model of mistuned multistage bladed disks is established based on substructure modal synthesis method. The accuracy of the substructure model was verified by comparing calculation accuracy of the substructure model and the integral model. The influence of different modal truncation numbers on the calculation results are discussed. The vibration modes of each stage of the bladed disks are obtained, the forced response is analyzed from the perspective of strain energy. The result shows that modal truncation number, rotation softening effect, and speed have significant effects on the dynamic frequency calculation results of the multistage bladed disks. The typical mode shapes of the first 200 orders of multistage bladed disks are obtained. With the increase of mistuning standard deviation, the strain energy of multistage bladed disk system decreases gradually.
Indefinite Deadlines in the Administrative Process: Problems of Implementation.
Authors:   Irkutsk Institute (Branch), All-Russian State University of Justice, Samusevich A.G.
Published: July 2022

The author of the article analyzes procedural deadlines established within the framework of proceedings on administrative offenses that do not have definite time intervals but that oblige the law enforcement officer to perform procedural actions in accordance with established time. Practically, this often leads to the rising of insoluble contradictions that are conditioned by indefinite time intervals. That, in turn, provides the law enforcement officer with the opportunity to interpret them depending on circumstances and at his or her discretion. In the meantime, the party that is subject to a case of administration offences does not have any opportunity to dispute the infringement of the deadlines committed by the law enforcement officer. The author of the article examines modern scientific discussions dedicated to establishing of the terms of the mentioned above administrative and legal deadlines, for instance, there should be “short” term deadlines, “effective immediately” deadlines and “without delay” ones. The author researches various approaches to optimizing administrative and procedural legislation in terms of making the deadlines more precise. The author observes that the issue of implementation of procedural deadlines has not been applied in practice nowadays. It leads to violation of citizen’s rights in the proceeding of cases of administrative offences as well as to distortion of the principle of legality in administrative procedural law. When the terms of cases are uncertain it provides the law enforcement officer to apply them at his or her discretion. Such actions affect the effectiveness of law enforcement activities.