bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
We do believe in (tooth) fairies!
Authors: Wilkinson Julia , Halls Justine , Soong-Towell Rebecca
Published: May 2016

The Nottingham Oral Health Team – aka the Tooth Fairies – was created in 2000 by the Salaried Dental Service and consisted of just one tooth fairy – Julia Wilkinson. Since then, the team moved to work within public health and one became three with Justine Halls and Rebecca Soong-Towell making up the trio. Here's their story…
Planning to be a practice manager?
Authors: Rowland Nicki
Published: May 2016

Nicki Rowland fully understands the thrills and spills of standing at the helm of a dental practice. In the first of a series of five articles, she looks at how the road to management success lies in plotting the best route
Do you work with Donald Trump?
Authors: Asquith Anthony
Published: May 2016

Big or small – we look at how best to harness the power of different personalities in your practice, with Anthony Asquith
Somewhere else to turn
Authors: Makin John
Published: May 2016

Did you know the GDC has amended its rules to make indemnity a condition of registration?
Dirty sinks – clarity and waste
Authors: Waters Rebecca
Published: May 2016

Rebecca Waters looks at the guidance on waste dental amalgam from the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) – and considers the impact it will have on you and your dental practice
Keeping our children safe
Authors: Frostick Helen
Published: May 2016

Safeguarding forms a key focus for inspectors during the new Ofsted Section 8 monitoring visits of schools rated as good. Headteacher Helen Frostick offers a useful overview for schools
‘There's no reverse gear’
Authors: O'Connell Suzanne
Published: May 2016

You won't have missed the publication of the latest education White Paper, Education Excellence Everywhere. It sets the seal on what's been rolled out over the past six years and what's in store for the coming five. Suzanne O'Connell outlines 10 of its strongest themes
Creating the right culture
Authors: Weston David
Published: May 2016

How can schools create a culture to enable their staff to excel? David Weston considers six strategies to achieve great staff motivation and development
Outside and outstanding
Authors: O'Connell Suzanne
Published: May 2016

In the drive for outcomes, the contribution that outdoor learning can make is sometimes neglected. Suzanne O'Connell talks to headteacher Ruth Dean about how it's become a foundation of their school
Achieving effective differentiation
Authors: Sobel Daniel
Published: May 2016

Differentiation is accepted as part of teaching, but do we really offer true differentiation to all students, including those with SEN? Daniel Sobel says that too often we don't. He looks here at a more nuanced and investigative approach to differentiation
Simple ideas to support your staff's wellbeing
Authors: Gallagher Mandy
Published: May 2016

Can schools do more to tackle the rise of stress-related illnesses among their staff? Mandy Gallagher suggests some strategies that could help
Initial treatment of wound patients
Authors: O'Dwyer Louise
Published: May 2016

Traumatic wounds are commonly encountered in veterinary practice. During the initial stages of treatment the focus will be on stabilisation of the patient, followed by attention to the wound. The key to successful wound management is to thoroughly remove factors that will delay wound healing; this will require consideration of the aetiology of the wound, level of contamination, extent of tissue necrosis, and damage to underlying tissues and structures. These factors all need to be considered when planning how, and when, wound closure will be performed.
Geriatric cats: care within the veterinary practice
Authors: Allbrook Alice
Published: May 2016

Understanding the needs of the geriatric cat is paramount to ensure correct management of these patients within the veterinary practice. It is important to recognise those conditions which can affect the ageing cat as well as the environmental modifications which are applicable to its wellbeing and normal functionality within the veterinary environment. Client education should be at the forefront of the veterinary practice to aid in the management of the geriatric patient and also help with the detection of early disease onset.
CPR: basic life support
Authors: Haskey Eleanor
Published: May 2016

Cardiopulmonary arrest is an emergency situation which can present to any veterinary clinic at any time. The RECOVER guidelines (2012) are an evidence-based consensus for current cardiopulmonary resuscitation recommendations for veterinary patients. Being prepared is the key to dealing with the situation in a quick and efficient manner. Preparedness consists of having a ‘ready area’, stocked crash trolley and team training. All members of the team should be trained and confident in delivering basic life support measures which include chest compressions, endotracheal intubation and manually ventilating the patient.
Pet loss/bereavement advice
Authors: Kirk Josie
Published: May 2016

With hundreds of pets and owners coming through the doors of our busy Blue Cross animal hospital in London Victoria every week, death and euthanasia are something we deal with every week. Euthanasia is the most important and difficult decision people have to make for their pets, so we work together as a team to make sure they feel informed and supported throughout the whole process.
(I want some) demystification: Deconstructing punk
Authors: Bestley Russ
Published: May 2016

What does ‘punk scholarship’ mean in practice? This is a question that many of us wrangle with on a personal as well as a critical, academic level. How can punk be academicized? What is gained – and what is lost – in that process? Why does punk need to be studied?
In relation to which fields of enquiry, which bodies of knowledge could, or should, it be examined? What kinds of people undertake such study, and what motivates them to do it? What is their connection to the subculture itself, as observers, analysts or contributors? What constitutes a critical
study of punk in any case – many punk followers are interested in the history of the subculture, sometimes to the tiniest detail, but does that make them ‘scholars’ or merely active participants (or punk nerds)?
Call it Crass but There Is No Authority But Yourself: De-canonizing punk’s underbelly
Authors: Grimes Matt
Published: May 2016

In popular music histories of punk, much has been documented on punk music and the formation of a punk canon. Much of this is focused upon the discussion of its generic development, its politically disruptive nature as a music genre, and the construction of its history, however exclusive
that might be. Within moving images, documentaries such as The Filth and the Fury, The Clash: Westway to the World and The Punk Rock Movie have all contributed to the canonization of particular bands, performers and artistes within the popular conception of punk history. While the canonical
narratives of punk tended to concentrate on popular punk bands such as the Sex Pistols, The Clash and The Damned, for example, we can understand these bands as having their ideological messages commodified through their affiliation with major record labels. Outside of these major labels and
their punk artistes existed a DIY punk scene known as ‘anarcho-punk’, which was associated with an overt sense of political commitment and authenticity. At the centre of this particular scene was the band Crass, who articulated an anarchic and pacifistic DIY ethic as a touchstone
for an alternative way of living, and used punk music as a vehicle for furthering the anarcho-punk movement’s ideologies. Investigating the ways in which Dutch film-maker Alexander Oey mediates the story of Crass in his film There Is No Authority But Yourself, this article examines how
Oey’s documentary seeks to evaluate and deconstruct established canonical approaches in order to illuminate a wider set of practices at work in the mediation of punk historiography. In doing so Oey’s documentary rewrites the narrative of punk history in a way that takes account
of the significance of punk’s underbelly. Within this article I will show that, although the Crass documentary may on the surface appear to be generic and non-challenging, with regard to a narrative interspersed with archive material, it considers the reconstruction of the past in its
grafting of Crass onto the punk narrative timeline. It also considers how current activities of the band members continue to be influenced by their early political principles and the political directives of the anarcho-punk movement. Alexander Oey’s documentary takes its title from the
final lines of the Crass album Yes Sir, I Will, ‘You must learn to live with your own conscience, your own morality, your own decision, your own self. You alone can do it. There is no authority but yourself’, and thus reflected the band’s dogmatic belief in one’s personal
responsibilities to enable change. In his previous work Alexander Oey is renowned for documenting stories that challenge some of society’s accepted values and has engendered controversy with his previous films Euro-Islam According To Tariq Ramadan, My Life as a Terrorist: The Story of
Hans-Joachim Klein and Negotiating With Al-Qaeda?.
A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF GALVANIC CORROSION UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A THIN ELECTROLYTE FILM
Authors: Jeníček Vít , Diblíková Linda
Published: May 2016

A mathematical model of galvanic corrosion under the conditions of a thin electrolyte film was used to evaluate atmospheric corrosion. Experimentally determined weight loss values were used to validate the modelled results. The time dependence of the corrosion degradation was included in the model using polarization curves of the corroded materials. The difference between the modelled results and the experimental results was 20%, taking the experimental error into account.
TESTS ON 10.9 BOLTS UNDER COMBINED TENSION AND SHEAR
Authors: Kawohl Anne Katherine , Lange Jörg
Published: May 2016

Prior investigations of the load-bearing capacity of bolts during fire have shown differing behaviour between bolts that have been loaded by shear or by tensile loads. A combination of the two loads has not yet been examined under fire conditions. This paper describes a series of tests on high-strength bolts of property class 10.9 both during and after fire under a combined shear and tensile load.
PARAMETRIC STUDIES ON THE COMPONENT-BASED APPROACH TO MODELLING BEAM BOTTOM FLANGE BUCKLING AT ELEVATED TEMPERATURES
Authors: Quan Guan , Huang Shan-Shan , Burgess Ian
Published: May 2016

In this study, an analytical model of the combination of beam-web shear buckling and bottom-flange buckling at elevated temperatures has been introduced. This analytical model is able to track the force-deflection path during post-buckling. A range of 3D finite element models has been created using the ABAQUS software. Comparisons have been carried out between the proposed analytical model, finite element modelling and an existing theoretical model by Dharma (2007). Comparisons indicate that the proposed method is able to provide accurate predictions for Class 1 and Class 2 beams, and performs better than the existing Dharma model, especially for beams with high flange-to-web thickness ratios. A component-based model has been created on the basis of the analytical model, and will in due course be implemented in the software Vulcan for global structural fire analysis.
EXPERIMENTAL LEVELLING AT THE INTERFACE OF OPTICAL ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Sirůčková Hana
Published: May 2016

The article discusses the problems of refraction and its impact on levelling at the interface of optical environments. It describes the influence of a vertical refraction and shows the results of investigating the effect of the refraction in the course of levelling at the interface of optical environments.
The results of the experiment were obtained by levelling through the building of the National Technical Library in Prague Dejvice.
Review of hereditary angioedema
Authors: Fu Lisa W. , Freedman-Kalchman Tamlyn , Betschel Stephen , Sussman Gordon
Published: May 2016

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare disease caused by deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). It is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a variety of mutations in the C1-INH gene. C1-INH is an important regulator of several pathways. One pathway it affects is the kallikrein–kinin pathway, which results in the generation of bradykinin. Bradykinin is an important mediator of edema. Diagnosis is based on low levels of C1-INH. HAE with normal C1-INH is also recognized in the literature and the pathophysiology is due to another aspect of the pathway being affected leading to increased bradykinin level. Bradykinin results in intermittent swelling of the cutaneous and mucosal surfaces. The swelling usually evolves over several hours and lasts a few days. Location of the swelling can involve any part of the body including fatal laryngeal edema. Newer treatments exist to treat acute attacks and reduce the frequency of future attacks. Earlier diagnosis and treatment of hereditary angioedema can prevent HAE-associated mortality.

Statement of novelty: New treatments are used to treat these attacks. These treatments are aimed at patients having a more normal life with hereditary angioedema.
Epochenverschleppung als Innovationsfaktor
Authors: Malo Markus
Published: May 2016

Die Einführung von RFID an Bibliotheken hat mittlerweile keinerlei Sensationswert mehr. Der Fokus dieses Beitrags liegt stattdessen auf der Einbettung der RFID-Einführung an der UB Stuttgart in ein strategisches Konzept, das konkrete universitäre Handlungs- und Problemfelder an der Universität Stuttgart benennt und in allgemeine Überlegungen zum strategischen Zukunftsmanagement eingebettet ist. Der methodische Ansatz des Verfassers ist dabei dem ursprünglichen Vortragscharakter des Beitrags bei einer Fortbildung des VDB Bayern zum Thema „10 Jahre RFID – Was hat sich bewährt, wie geht es weiter?“ geschuldet und eher feuilletonistischer Natur denn an wirtschaftswissenschaftlichen Methoden oder technischen Aspekten orientiert.
Sorption properties of sheep wool irradiated by accelerated electron beam
Authors: Hanzlíková Zuzana , Braniša Jana , Hybler Peter , Šprinclová Ivana , Jomová Klaudia , Porubská Mária
Published: May 2016

Electron beam (EB) irradiated wool was examined for sorption of chromic ions. Sorption increased with the adsorbed dose non-monotonously, which is a result of the generation of S-oxidized groups, secondary structure variation, and the breaking of the keratin backbone. For a dose of 400 kGy, an increase by 120 % was observed at the cystine dioxide and cysteine acid amounts. Examining sorption of unexposed wool and that irradiated with doses of 25 kGy and 40 kGy for basic, methylene blue (MB), or acidic, pyrogallol red (PR) dyes revealed that such low doses have no effect on the carboxylic or amino groups of keratin. Sorption of MB is independent of the EB treatment and is identical for both samples due to the interaction of MB amino groups with the carboxylic groups of wool; however, the sorption capacity for PR is a function of the EB treatment. The sample irradiated with the dose of 25 kGy showed higher PR sorption than that with the EB dose of 40 kGy, which was equal to that of unexposed wool. While the 25 kGy sample provided more active sites for PR interaction compared with the unexposed one, the 40 kGy sample contained already enough active sites to generate intra- and intermolecular interactions inside wool. Thus, PR adherence to the 40 kGy sample was restricted and comparable to the level of unexposed wool.
The influence of native language word order and cognitive biases in pictorial event representations
Authors: Vastenius Anu , van de Weijer Joost , Zlatev Jordan
Published: May 2016

Ever since Goldin-Meadow, S., C. Mylander, W. C. So, and A. Özyürek. 2008. The natural order of events: How speakers of different languages represent events nonverbally. PNAS 105: 9163–9168. proposed that there is a preferred order in sequential non-verbal event representations (Actor > Patient > Act), apparently independent of the default word order in one’s native language, the topic has been the focus of much cognitive-semiotic research. After providing a partial review of the field, we describe an empirical study investigating the order of pictorial representations of motion events using a design that emphasized the linearity of the representations to a greater extent than Goldin-Meadow et al. (2008). Speakers of Swedish (default word order: Actor > Act > Patient, or SVO) and speakers of Kurdish (default word order: Actor > Patient > Act, or SOV) participated in the study. Unlike earlier studies, we found an effect of native language word order. The Swedish speakers preferred to place the Patient picture after the Act picture, especially after first describing the stimuli verbally. In contrast, the Kurdish speakers preferred Act after Patient both with and without verbalization. The results of the study suggest that any cognitive or communicative biases for particular constituent order in non-verbal representations are likely to be modulated by linguistic word order, at least in populations reliant on written language in their daily lives.
Iodine Deficiency and Hypothyroidism From Voluntary Diet Restrictions in the US: Case Reports
Authors: Booms Stephanie , Hill Elizabeth , Kulhanek Leah , Vredeveld Jennifer , Gregg Brigid
Published: May 2016

Iodine deficiency is rare in the United States today, and this is largely due to the effectiveness of iodization in the general food supply. Recent trends among specific populations of children in the United States include adopting food restrictions, such casein-free and gluten-free diets. Although the effect of these types of diets on overall nutrition status and certain micronutrients has been studied in children with autism spectrum disorder, the effect of these limitations on iodine levels in children has not been assessed. We present here 2 cases of iodine deficiency resulting from severe food restriction and associated primary hypothyroidism. In 1 case a classic presentation with a goiter was seen. These children were able to discontinue thyroid hormone treatment once iodine levels were normalized. There were no adverse events or unanticipated outcomes. The occurrence of these cases of iodine deficiency in the United States points to the need for thyroid function testing in children with severe food restrictions, especially those who have limited exposure to dairy, baked goods, and table salt.
Physiological and biochemical reactions of Hordeum vulgare seedlings to the action of silver nanoparticles
Authors: Khromykh N. O. , Shupranova L. V. , Lykholat Y. V. , Bil’chuk V. S. , Fedenko V. S. , Boguslavs’ka L. V. , Borysova O. I.
Published: May 2016

Morphometrical indexes, and spectrophotometrically measured protein and glutathione (GSH, GSSG) contents and activity of peroxidase (POD, EC 1.11.1.7), glutathione-reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) and glutathione S-transferase (GST, EС 2.5.1.18) were examined in Hordeum vulgare L. seedlings after 0.01 and 0.1 mg/l AgNPs treatment during 24 h. We tested the hypothesis that the action of nanoparticles has a stressful effect on the physiological and biochemical processes of seedlings. Growth of roots was inhibited and fresh weight decreased by 29% and 21% under low and high concentrations respectively. Conversely, leaf growth was intensified, and leaf length (16% and 18%) and fresh weight (35% and 44%) increased at low and high concentrations respectively. POD activity in roots increased by 26% and 7%, and decreased in leaves to 57% and 81% of control at low and high concentrations respectively. GSH content changed insignificantly, but GSSG content increased in roots (2 and 2.5-fold) and in leaves (13% and 30%) at both AgNPs concentrations. GSH/GSSG-ratio decreased in roots (1.9 and 2.6-fold) and in leaves (1.1 and 1.3-fold) at low and high concentrations respectively. GR activity decreased at a concentration of 0.01 mg/l (7% in roots and 17% in leaves respectively) and increased at 0.1 mg/l (52% in roots and 6% in leaves). GST activity increased in leaves (52% and 78% at low and high concentrations) but decreased by 17% in roots under high concentration of nanosilver. Thus, the action of AgNPs on barley seedlings had a dose-dependent and organ-specific character. The various directions of changes in growth, metabolic processes and activity of antioxidant defense systems appear to be a stress response of barley seedlings to the impact of AgNPs, which underlines the necessity of detailed study of plant intracellular processes exposed to the action of nanomaterial.
Вплив аерогенного забруднення на фітонцидну активність деревних рослин
Authors: Volodarez S. O.
Published: May 2016

Виявлено вплив забруднення повітря діоксидом вуглецю, сірчистим ангідридом і діоксидом азоту на антимікробну дію деревних рослин 8 видів листяних і одного хвойного виду в умовах Південного Сходу України. Газостійкі види Betula pendula Roth та Salix alba L. за умов дії забруднювачів збільшували фітонцидну активність. У чутливих до дії полютантів видів Aesculus hippocastanum L. та Picea pungens Engelm. антимікробна дія зменшувалась зі зростанням загазованості повітря. Встановлено сезонну динаміку фітонцидної активності A. hippocastanum, B. pendula, S. alba та P. pungens в умовах м. Донецьк, на ділянках із різним ступенем забруднення. Максимальну фітонцидну дію листків досліджених видів відмічено влітку. Для P. pungens виявлено два піки фітонцидності: у серпні та грудні. Встановлено вплив джерела забруднення на антимікробну активність листків B. pendula, Fraxinus excelsior L., Robinia pseudoacacia L., Populus nigra L., Tilia cordata Mill. та P. pungens, що зростають у насадженнях м. Краматорськ. З’ясовано посилення антимікробної дії листків більшості досліджених видів, окрім A. hippocastanum та P. pungens, в умовах урбанізованого середовища.
Сезонная динамика зараженности Harpalus rufipes (Coleoptera, Carabidae) грегаринами в агроэкосистеме
Authors: Reshetnyak D. Y.
Published: May 2016

Исследована зараженность грегаринами Harpalus rufipes (De Geer, 1774) – одного из важнейших вредителей зерновых культур, обитающих в агроэкосистеме кукурузы сахарной, расположенной в окрестностях г. Днепропетровск возле пос. Дослидное. Кишеч­ник имаго данного вида жужелиц исследовали компрессорным методом. H. rufipes заражен семью видами грегарин: Gregarina ovata Dufour, 1828, G. steini Berndt, 1902, G. amarae (Hammerschmidt, 1839) Frantzius, 1848, Clitellocephalus ophoni (Tuzet and Ormieres, 1956) Clopton, 2002, Torogregarina sphinx Clopton, 1998, Gigaductus macrospora Filipponi, 1948 и G. elongatus (Moriggi, 1943) Filipponi, 1948. Одновременно в организме одного жука локализовались не более трех видов грегарин. В летние месяцы показатель экстенсивности инвазии минимален в июне (4,8%) и достигает максимального значения в конце августа (22,2%). Наибольшая суммарная численность грегарин (383 экз.) всех обнаруженных видов зафиксирована в конце августа, наименьшая – в начале сентября (33 экз.). В кишечнике одновременно находятся гамонты и сизигии всех обнаруженных видов грегарин. Наивысшая средняя интенсивность инвазии двумя массовыми видами грегарин для C. ophoni установлена в конце июля (146 экз.), наименьшая – в конце августа (2), для G. macrospora – в конце августа (70) и в начале сентября (4 экз.) соответственно. Большая средняя интенсивность инвазии в конце июля приводит к увеличению числа сизигиев C. ophoni с преобладанием их в 7 раз по сравнению с данными июня. Нахождение в кишечнике H. rufipes грегарин свидетельствует о способности жука быть дефинитивным хозяином данных видов споровиков.
Вплив викидів Придніпровської ТЕС м. Дніпропетровськ на анатомічні показники стебла дворічного пагона представників роду Tilia
Authors: Gritzay Z. V. , Shupranova L. V.
Published: May 2016

Вивчено гістологічні характеристики стебла дворічного пагона представників роду Tilia за хронічної дії на деревні насадження викидів Придніпровської ТЕС м. Дніпропетровськ. У досліджених об’єктів на техногенно забрудненій ділянці встановлено зміни розмірів гістологічних елементів стебла, характер яких має видові відмінності. У T. platyphyllos Scop. і T. europaea L. за дії токсичних викидів ТЕС виявлено збільшення ширини первинної кори стебла та окремих її складових (корка, коленхіми, корової паренхіми) та підтримання стабільних розмірів вторинної кори та її гістологічних елементів (твердого та м’якого лубу), а в T. europaea – також і радіуса деревини, що ми розглядаємо як показники відносної стійкості даних видів у техногенному середовищі. У T. сordata Mill. за дії токсикантів установлено збільшення ширини корка, корової паренхіми та загальної товщини первинної кори, що може забезпечувати певну толерантність рослин до несприятливих умов зростання. Разом із тим, у T. сordata у забрудненій зоні виявлено зменшення розмірів коленхіми, твердого лубу, м’якого лубу, нерівномірний розвиток шару деревини, що у сукупності може зменшувати механічну міцність стебла, порушувати пересування розчинів органічних речовин та елементів мінерального живлення по системі спеціалізованих провідних тканин, і, таким чином, підвищувати вразливість рослин даного виду на техногенних територіях. Запропоновано чутливі анатомічні показники стебла дворічного пагона лип як інформативні тест-параметри для застосування в моніторингу стану довкілля в умовах техногенезу.
The processes of lipid peroxidation in the cells of Chlorobium limicola IMV K-8 under the influence of copper (II) sulphate
Authors: Segin T. B. , Hnatush S. О. , Gorishniy M. B.
Published: May 2016

The effect of stressors, including heavy metal ions such as Cu2+, promotes activation of free radical processes in the cells of microorganisms, which causes changes in their physiological and biochemical properties and the structure of bacterial membranes. The aim of this work was to assess the influence of copper (II) sulphate on intensity of lipid peroxidation (LPO) of Chlorobium limicola IMV K-8 by measuring the content of primary (conjugated dienes and lipid hydroperoxides) and secondary lipid peroxidation products (TBA-reactive products). Microorganisms were cultivated at a temperature of 28 °C in GSB cultivation medium with exposure to light of wavelength 700–800 nm and intensity 40 lux. A suspension of C. limicola ІМV К-8 cells in the phase of exponential growth was treated for one hour with metal salt solution in concentrations 0.05–0.50 mM for investigation of the influence of copper (II) sulphate on its physiological and biochemical properties. The control samples did not contain any copper (II) sulphate. Biomass was determined by turbidity of diluted cell suspension by application of photoelectric colorimeter KFK-3. A mixture of n-heptane and isopropyl alcohol was added into cell-free extract for conjugated dienes determination. The samples were incubated at room temperature and centrifuged. Water was added into the supernatant and the samples were stirred. Ethanol was added to the heptanes phase and adsorption was measured at 233 nm. The content of lipid hydroperoxides was determined by a method based on protein precipitation by trichloroacetic acid followed by addition of ammonium thiocyanate. The concentration of TBA-reactive products in the cell-free extracts was determined by color reaction with malondialdehyde and thiobarbituric acid exposed to high temperature and acidity of the medium, which causes formation of trimetinic adduct with maximal absorption at 532 nm. It was shown that when CuSO4 was added to the incubation medium the content of conjugated dienes and lipid hydroperoxides increased with the enhancement of salt concentration. However, its value decreased by the seventh and eighth days of cultivation. The content of TBA-reactive products under the influence of copper (II) sulphate varied depending on the duration of cultivation and concentration of the metal. Its highest quantity was observed on the eighth day of cultivation. Thus it was determined that under the influence of CuSO4 the content of conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides and TBA-reactive products increases. This indicates the increased activity of lipid peroxidation processes and the free radical chain reaction damage mechanism to lipids under these conditions.
Ecogeographical determinants of the ecological niche of the common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) on the basis of indices of remote sensing of land images
Authors: Kunah O. M. , Papka O. S.
Published: May 2016

The patterns of variation in vegetative indices received by means of data of remote land sensing are described as being dependant on geomorphological predictors and the sizes of agricultural fields in an experimental polygon within Poltava region. The possibilities of application of vegetative indices have been explored through ecogeographical determinants of the ecological niche of the common milkweed (Asclepias syriaca L.) and other weeds. On the basis of images of the land surface taken on 23 March and 27 August 2015 by the sensor control Operational Land Imager (OLI), installed on the satellite Landsat 8, vegetative indices have been calculated (AC-Index – aerosol/coastal index, Hydrothermal Composite, NDTI – Normalized Difference Tillage Index, NDVI – Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, VI – Vegetation Index, MNDW – Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, LSWI – Land Surface Water Index, NBR – Normalized Burn Ratio, M15). The data obtained have been subjected to principal component analysis and the revealed principal components have been interpreted with the help of regression analysis, in which geomorphological variables have been applied as predictors. It was possible to explain the trends of variability of the vegetative cover, formalized in the form of the principal component, by means of indices which quantitatively characterise features of relief. The various aspects of variation of vegetative cover have been shown to be characterised by the specificity of the influence of relief factors. A prominent aspect of the variation of the vegetative cover of agroecosystems is variability within a field. The degree of a variation of conditions is proportional to the size of a field. Large fields occupy level plain positions. In turn, within small fields sources of variation are changes in ecological conditions which arise owing to unevenness of relief, which increases in proximity to gullies and ravines. We have identified the aspects of the variation of vegetative cover which by their nature can be considered as contributers to the growth of weeds in agroceonoses. Satellite imaging by Landsat does not allow direct identification of concentrations of weeds, but it can reveal complex changes in the landscape cover, which act as markers of the processes connected with development of weed vegetation. The procedure of further decoding of satellite images for the purpose of identification of weeds requires greater attention in this field of research.
Influence of cadmium loading on the state of the antioxidant system in the organism of bulls
Authors: Gutyj B. V. , Mursjka S. D. , Hufrij D. F. , Hariv I. I. , Levkivska N. D. , Nazaruk N. V. , Haydyuk M. B. , Priyma O. B. , Bilyk O. Y. , Guta Z. A.
Published: May 2016

This article presents the results of research on the influence of cadmium loading on the state level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant links of the antioxidant defense system of the organisms of young cattle, such as the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels, selenium, vitamins A and E. It was found that feeding bull calves with cadmium chloride at doses of 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg of body weight helped to reduce both the enzymatic and non-enzymatic link of antioxidant protection (superoxide dismutase 31%, catalase 13%, glutathione peroxidase 23%, reduced glutathione 10%, vitamin A 28%, vitamin E 31%, selenium 20%). Toxic effects of cadmium promotes change in steady-state concentrations of radical metabolites О2–,ОН˙, НО2˙, which, in turn, trigger the process of lipid peroxidation. The lowest level of indicators of antioxidant defense system in the blood of young cattle was registered on the sixteenth and twenty-fourth days of the experiment, which is associated with increased activation of lipid peroxidation and the disturbaance of the balance between the antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation intensity. The activity of the antioxidant defense system in the blood was different for calves fed with cadmium chloride at doses of 0.03 and 0.05 mg/kg of animal mass. The more cadmium chloride in the feed, the lower the activity of the antioxidant defense system of the calves’ organisms was registered. Thus cadmium chloride depresses the antioxidant defense system, which specifically involves lowering the activity of enzymatic links (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic links (reduced glutathione, selenium, vitamins A and E).
The avifauna of the National Nature Park "Homilshanski Lisy"
Authors: Chaplygina A. B. , Shupova T. V. , Nadtochiy A. S.
Published: May 2016

In the recreational zone of "Homilshanski Lisy" National Park 137 species of birds were identified during the period 1980–2015, of which 127 species nest, 8 winter, and 2 observed during the spring migration. The nesting species are distributed in 4 ecological groups dominated by dendrophylls (67 species), with fewer limnophylls-fresh water species (29), campophylls-open country species (16) and sclerophylls (11). Among the nesting birds 11 landscape-genetic faunal assemblages were distinguished, dominated by typical nemoral-woodland (19%), tropical (14%) and forest-steppe (13%) species. The average density of the birds nesting in the park amounts to 1.2 ± 0.2 with n overall density of 148.3 pairs/km route line. The habitat distribution of the bird population was relatively even. The most intensively populated habitat was upland oak forest, the least were pine and mixed forests. It was found that the communities of breeding birds in tree plantations changed due to the natural aging process of forests, which has led to an increase in the number of birds of prey (Falconiiformes), woodpeckers (Piciformes), secondary hollow-nesting birds. The bird communities of floodplain and steppe meadows, as well as habitats in residential areas subject to constant recreational pressure, changed under the pressure of anthropogenic loading. The favorable natural and geographical location of the park and the diversity of its habitats contributed to the emergence in the list of fauna of which are expanding their range. Analysis of the dominant species in the community points to a significant negative impact of recreational pressure on all habitats of the park. The dominant birds in the pinewood community list included only one campophyll, tree pipit (Anthus trivialis L.). For the steppe meadows, in addition to the dominant colonial birds that nest in holes , the yellow wagtail (Motacilla flava L.) was marked as subdominant. In general, in the recreational area of NPP "Homilshanski Lisy" 30 common species (24.2%, total abundance 0.198) nest on the ground. The variety and balance of breeding bird communities in most habitats is stable, but in the meadow ecosystem communities the uniformity of the distribution of species abundance is being significantly disrupted. The Jacquard and Sorenson performance indices for floodplain and steppe meadows are 0.4 and 0.5, and for grove and pine woods, respectively, 0.7 and 0.8. Taking into account the data of the cluster analysis, the distribution curves of shared abundance and participation indicatee sinanthropic breeding bird communities. It follows that anthropogenic pressure exerts the most significant effect on the birds’ occupation of breeding habitats in the recreational zone NPP "Homilshanski Lisy". The highest performance is characterized by the condition of the avifauna of forest habitats, such as oak forest and pine woods, the most threatened breeding bird communities being those of floodplain meadows.
Effect of hemic hypoxia on dynamics of GFAP concentrations in the structures of the brain and blood serum of rats
Authors: Duka T. I. , Chоrna V. I.
Published: May 2016

This article clarifies the questions on study of hypoxic influence on distribution of filament and soluble forms of GFAP in various structures of the brain (neocortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum, middle brain, pons) and blood of the rats. Quantitative analysis of the contents of GFAP in the brain structures of hypoxic rats has established that hemic hypoxia results in changes in intracellular levels of GFAP forms and also in updating their ratio, which allows one to assume not only a change in astroglial cells, but also testifies to reorganization in the system of intermediate filaments of astrocytes. The level of GFAP substantially changed in all cerebral formations, which was already investigated in the early terms of hypoxic period. Observations showed that hemic hypoxia exerted a varied influence on expression of neurospecific protein in the different structures of cerebrum of rats. Differences in expression of GFAP can be caused by the regional differences in astroglial cellular population, and also their internal features that define the possible answers to hypoxic damage in different functional and morphological structures of the brain. An increase in expression of the investigated form of protein can explain strengthening of astroglial reactivity, a feature of the brain that appears in various types of pathologies of the CNS. Reactive asters in such exhibit hypertrophy and are characterized by an increased level of GFAP, which is an early and reliable indicator of astroglial pathology. An increase in expression of the investigated form of protein may be explained by strengthening of astroglial reactivity, a feature of the brain that appears in various types of pathologies of the CNS. The contents of GFAP in the blood of adult rats, as a result of the hypoxic influence received from it, can indicate a release of GFAP from damaged astrocytes in the blood flow.
Possible ecologically based ways of preserving and developing the Ukrainian Carpathians
Authors: Nikolaichuk V. І. , Vakerich M. М. , Bilkey M. V. , Chechuy O. P. , Voloshchuk I.
Published: May 2016

Ukraine has transformed into one of the most environmentally dangerous countries in the world due to the high concentration of industrial production and agriculture and predatory use of natural resources. The current ecological situation in Ukraine is characterized by a deep ecological crisis, which is caused by the laws of operation of the command economy of the former USSR. The majority of the environmental and social indicators of Ukraine are among the worst in Europe. The Carpathian Mountains are among the most significant and interesting landscapes in Europe from the geological and geomorphological, scenic and biological perspectives. The giant arc of the Carpathians begins in southern Romania and passes through Ukraine, Slovakia, Poland, the Czech Republic and Hungary to Austria, crosses all Eastern and Central Europe. A third of the forest reserves of Ukraine are located in the Ukrainian Carpathians, at 53.5% the percentage of forest cover of the area is among the highest in the country. About 50% of the gene pool of Ukraine’s plants, many species of trees and medicinal plants grows there. The geographical location and large area of the rich natural heritage of the Carpathians have multifaceted importance for the conservation of biological, phytocoenotic and landscape diversity and maintaining the ecological balance in the central part of our continent. As with the Alps mountain range, this is an important ecological corridor between Western, Central and Eastern Europe, which promotes the migration of species and their spread into lowland landscapes. In order to preserve biodiversity an inventory of virgin forest ecosystems should be made and strict measures for their protection should be enforced. It is necessary to continue the practice of establishing bilateral areas in cross-border protected areas in order to combine efforts to solve pressing environmental challenges. Conservation of the Carpathians Biodiversity is an urgent problem. Structural changes in the economy of the region are expected to strengthen the recreational value of the Ukrainian Carpathians for the public not only in our country but also in Central and Eastern Europe, reducing the technogenic loading. International cooperation of all countries of the Carpathian region is imperative. The development of tourism in the Carpathians is highly promising, but this should be civilized tourism, taking into account the environmental sustainability of the recreational areas and protected areas.
Fatty acid content of honeycombs depending on the level of technogenic loading on the environment
Authors: Vishchur V. Y. , Saranchuk I. I. , Gutіy B. V.
Published: May 2016

The content of heavy metals, non-etherified and anionic forms of fatty acids, and also fatty acids of common lipids in honeycomb cells, obtained from hives placed in areas with high, medium and low levels of technogenic loading is investigated. The hives were located at the educational apiary of Lviv National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies named after S.Z. Gzhytskyj (area with very heavy traffic and industrial activity) and in private beekeeping farms in the town Vynnyky and the village Chyzhyky, Pustomyty district, Lviv region (areas with lower intensity of traffic and industrial activity). Our research has shown that the newly-built honeycomb cells obtained from hives placed in the territory with medium and low levels of technogenic loading contain a lower quantity of such heavy metals as iron, zinc, cuprum, chromium, nickel, lead and cadmium. The total amount of non-etherified fatty acids with even and odd number of carbon atoms in the chain, monounsaturated fatty acids of n-7 and n-9 families and polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 and n-6 families was higher in these honeycombs. However, the total concentration of anionic forms of fatty acids with even and odd number of carbon atoms in the chain, monounsaturated fatty acids of n-7 and n-9 families and polyunsaturated fatty acids of n-3 and n-6 families was lower in these honeycombs. Due to the above-mentioned monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids the amount of fatty acids of common lipids rises. It leads to increase in the antibacterial and antifungal properties of honeycomb cells and reduction of fragility of their walls. The greatest changes in concentration of heavy metals, non-etherified and anionic form of fatty acids, and also fatty acids of common lipids occur in the newly built honeycomb cells in the territory with low technogenic loading on the environment.
Stability of spermatogenesis and displays of natural selection at the cellular and individual level in immature representatives of the Pelophylax esculentus complex
Authors: Biriuk O. , Usova O. , Meleshko O. , Shabanov D.
Published: May 2016

Pelophylax esculentus is an interspecific hybrid which reproduces hemiclonally by crossing with the parental species (P. ridibundus or P. lessonae). The structure of hemiclonal population systems is of great interest. The majority of investigations into populations of water frogs deal with samples of mature animals, while subadults are less studied. We collected a random sample of 73 small water frogs from three localities in the Siverskyi Donets River floodplain. All frogs were measured, injected with colchicines and killed after anesthesia. We determined the species specifity, sex, age and ploidy of every individual. In addition, we measured testis length and studied the germ cells of all males by means of karyological analysis. We calculated the portion of triploids in the largest subsample from the vicinity of the Biological Station of V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University and carried out a meta-analysis of previous publications dealing with composition of green frog samples from this locality. The proportion of triploids in our sample appeared to be approximately the same as 12 years ago. However, this proportion in our sample differed significantly from that obtained in recent samples of green frogs belonging to other age groups (adults and metamorphs) from the same locality. The share of triploids of P. esculentus is the lowest in the sample of metamorphs. This proportion increases in froglets because of early death of representatives of parental species which originated from hybrid-hybrid crossing. Then the number of triploids among adult P. esculentus individuals declines again probably because of their lower viability compared to diploids. We have revealed that subadult diploids have erythrocytes smaller than 28 microns, while triploids’ erythrocytes exceed 27 microns. Therefore, in borderline cases true ploidy could be determined only by the karyological technique. The average ratio between testis length and body length appeared to be larger in the parental species than in both diploid and triploid hybrids. Karyological analysis has revealed that P. esculentus had significantly lower portions of spermatocytes I with normal karyotype (13 bivalents) in the testis in comparison with P. ridibundus, but this value increases in adult hybrids. We suggest that increasing of spermatogenesis stability in adult frogs as opposed to subadults might be the consequence of both selection of germ cell lines in the testis and more frequent survival of individuals with stable gametogenesis.
Intra population polymorphism of Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans) from the North-Western Coast of the Azov Sea (oological aspect)
Authors: Dubinina Y. Y. , Koshelev A. I. , Koshelev V. A.
Published: May 2016

This study presents the results of a long term study of nesting colonies of the Caspian gull (Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811) on the islands of the Molochniy Liman and in Obitochnaya Bay (Azov Sea), in the South of Ukraine (Zaporizhia region), conducted between 1988 and 2013. A description of the size and coloring of eggs of Caspian gull was conducted by generally accepted methods. We measured 1000 eggs from 5 colonies of Caspian gulls. The background coloration of the eggs’ shells was classified into 7 types, the pattern of markings on the surface of the shells was classified into 4 types. In the nesting colonies, comprising different nesting settlements, the study tested differences in the distribution of typical and atypical coloring types and patterns on the surface of the shells. The background color and character of the shell marking patterns is dominated by eggs of phenotypes 3 and 4: gray-green, with a pattern of spots, of medium size (5–60%) and brown, with a pattern of large spots (2–40%). In different settlements the Caspian gull egg sizes vary in length and diameter of 54.5–86.3 x 39.2–60.4 mm, volume 61.7–113.7 cm3 and index of roundness 63.6–85.3%. The study revealed that the linear dimensions of eggs also depend on the number of birds in the nesting colonies. We found that morphological and dimensional characteristics of Caspian gull eggs can vary at certain intervals and characterize individual colonies, settlements and populations. Based on cluster analysis, conducted in terms of the average of the linear sizes of eggs of Caspian gull from several populations within the range of the species, the study identified three groups of colonies – Danube-Sivash, Azov-Black Sea and Caucasus-Caspian. In region of the Azov-Black Sea, the greatest similarity was shown between the settlements of Sivash and the South of Crimea, which in turn is similar to Lebiyazhyi Islands and Kaniv Nature Reserve (river Dnipro). A related link combined the Azov and Black Sea branches, while the Caucasus-Caspian group is relatively separate. As a result this study the influence of the number of nesting birds on the dimensional characteristics of the eggs was established; in the period of increase in the Caspian gull population from the 1970s to the early 1990s they had the highest scores, and in periods of decreasing population in 2001–2005, their values were lowest. Consequently, the use of oomorphological indicators turned out to be a fairly easy and objective method for studying the monitoring data for separate colonial bird species.