bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dendritic Cells Expressing MyD88 Molecule Are Necessary and Sufficient for CpG-Mediated Inhibition of IgE Production in Vivo
Authors: Alberca-Custódio Ricardo Wesley , Mirotti Luciana , Gomes Eliane , Nunes Fernanda Peixoto Barbosa , Souza Vieira Raquel , Graça Luis , Ribeiro Almeida Rafael , Saraiva Câmara Niels Olsen , Russo Momtchilo
Published: August 2019

Elevated levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE) are associated with allergies and other immunological disorders. Experimentally, sensitization with alum adjuvant favors IgE production while CpG-ODN adjuvant, a synthetic toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, inhibits it. The cellular mechanisms underlying TLR-regulation of immunoglobulin production are still controversial. Specifically, TLR-mediated IgE regulation in vivo is not yet known. We show that augmented levels of IgE induced by sensitizations to OVA with or without alum adjuvant or with OVA-pulsed dendritic cells (DCs) were inhibited when sensitization to OVA was performed in the presence of CpG. Notably, CpG-mediated suppression of IgE production required MyD88-expression on DCs but not on B-cells. This contrasts with previous reports of in vitro regulation IgE where CpG acted directly on B cells via MyD88 pathway. In addition, CpG also inhibited IgE production in a MyD88-dependent manner when sensitization was performed with OVA-pulsed DCs. Finally, CpG signaling through MyD88 pathway was also necessary and sufficient to prevent anaphylactic antibody production involved in active cutaneous anaphylaxis.
Antiproliferative Activity of Cucurbitaceae Species Extracts from Southeast of Mexico
Authors: Morales-Vela Karen , Pérez-Sánchez Flor Celeste , Padron Jose M. , Márquez-Fernández Olivia
Published: August 2019

There are many species of endemic plants from Mexico, without food or commercial use, but with different applications in traditional medicine and valuable for their content of secondary metabolites. In this sense, we found two species of Cucurbitacea family plants natives of southeast and gulf of México, with traditionally use how soap and laundry agent, control of some pests, and it has also been used how infusion for the treatment of different types of dermatitis and stomachache. In the present work, we evaluate the antiproliferative activity in vitro, of six crude organic extracts, tested against six human tumor cell lines, A549 (lung), HBL-100 (breast), HeLa (cervix), SW1573 (lung), T-47D (breast) and WiDr (colon), the results indicated that at least three extracts from both species presents an interesting antiproliferative activity on five tumor cell lines.
Synthesis of Strategic Games with Multiple Nash Equilibria - A Global Optimization Approach
Authors: Oliveira Hime
Published: August 2019

This paper presents an extension of the resuts obtained in previous work by the author concerning the application of global optimization techniques to the design of finite strategic games with mixed strategies. In that publication the Fuzzy ASA global optimization method was applied to many examples of synthesis of strategic games with one previously specified Nash equilibrium, evidencing its ability in finding payoff functions whose respective games present those equilibria, possibly among others. That is to say, it was shown it is possible to establish in advance a Nash equilibrium for a generic finite state strategic game and to compute payoff functions that will make it feasible to reach the chosen equilibrium, allowing players to converge to the desired profile, considering that it is an equilibrium of the game as well. Going beyond this state of affairs, the present article shows that it is possible to "impose" multiple Nash equilibria to finite strategic games by following the same reasoning as before, but with a slight change: using the same fundamental theorem of Richard D. McKelvey, modifying the original prescribed objective function and globally minimizing it. The proposed method, in principle, is able to find payoff functions that result in games featuring an arbitrary number of Nash equiibria, paving the way to a substantial number of potential applications.
A Novel Patient-specific Protein Expression-based Algorithmic Model for Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Therapy Response Prediction in a Pan-cancer Cohort
Authors: Bamodu Oluwaseun Adebayo , Cheng Wei-Hong , Bamodu Oluleke , Lee Wei-Hwa , Lee Kang-Yun , Wang Liang-Shun , Chao Tsu-Yi , Yeh Chi-Tai
Published: August 2019

Background: Accurate prediction of patients’ response to therapy is clinically indispensable, howbeit challenging. With increased understanding of the human genome and malignancies, there is the renaissance of in silico pharmacogenomics with renewed interest in drug response predictability based on gene-drug interaction. Objective: Evidence-based transcript-proteome profiling is essential for synthesizing clinically applicable algorithms for predicting response to anticancer therapy, including immune checkpoint blockade (ICBT); thus, saving physicians’ time, reducing polypharmacy, and curtailing unnecessary treatment expense. In this study, we tested and validated the hypothesis that a selected proteomic signature in ICBT-naïve patients is sufficient for the prediction of response to ICBT. Methods: Using a multimodal approach consisting of computational pharmacogenomics, transcript-proteome analytics, mathematical modeling, and machine learning systems; we delineated therapy-sensitivity and stratified patients into graduated response groups based on their proteomic profile. Protein expression levels in our cohort tissue specimens were evaluated based on T cell- and non-T cell- inflamed phenotypes by immunohistochemistry. Results: We established β-catenin, PDL1, CD3 and CD8 expression-based ICBT response model. Statistical regression models validated the predictive association between our predefined algorithms and therapeutic outcome. Interestingly, our 4-gene prediction classifier was constitutively independent of tumor tissue origin, correctly stratified patients into high-, low-, and non- responders pre-treatment, with high prediction accuracy, and exhibited good association with patients’ performance status and prognosis (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate the possibility of accurate proteomics based ICBT response prediction and provide a putative basis for drug response prediction based on selective proteome profile in untreated cancer patients.
Corrosion Inhibition Mechanism and Efficiency Differentiation of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers Towards Aluminium Alloy 5754 in Alkaline Media
Authors: Ryl Jacek , Brodowski Mateusz , Kowalski Marcin , Lipinska Wiktoria , Niedzialkowski Pawel , Wysocka Joanna
Published: August 2019

Selection of efficient corrosion inhibitors requires detailed knowledge regarding interaction mechanism, which depends on the type and amount of functional groups within the inhibitor molecule. Position of functional groups between different isomers is often overlooked but not less important since factors like steric hinderance may significantly affect the adsorption mechanism. In this study we have presented how different dihydroxybenzene isomers interact with aluminium alloy 5754 surface, reducing its corrosion rate in bicarbonate buffer (pH = 11). We have shown the highest inhibition efficiency among tested compounds belongs to catechol at 10 mM concentration, although differences were moderate. Utilization of novel impedance approach to adsorption isotherm determination allowed to confirm that while resorcinol chemisorbs on aluminium surface, catechol and quinol follows ligand exchange model of adsorption. Unlike catechol and quinol, the protection mechanism of resorcinol is bound to interaction with insoluble aluminium corrosion products layer and was only found efficient at concentration of 100 mM (98.7%). The aforementioned studies were confirmed with scanning electron microscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses. There is a significant increase of the corrosion resistance offered by catechol at 10 mM after 24 h exposure in electrolyte: from 63 to 98%, with only negligible changes in inhibitor efficiency observed for resorcinol at the same time. However, in the case of resorcinol a change in electrolyte color was observed. We have revealed that the differentiating factor is the keto-enol tautomerism. The NMR studies of resorcinol indicate the keto form in structure in presence of NaOH, while the chemical structure of catechol does not change significantly in alkaline environment.
Evaluation of The Antifungal Activity Of Mentha x piperita (Lamiaceae) Of Pancalieri (Turin, Italy) Essential Oil And Its Synergistic Interaction With Azoles
Authors: Tullio Vivian , Roana Janira , Scalas Daniela , Mandras Narcisa
Published: August 2019

The promising antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) led researchers to use them in combination with antimicrobial drugs in order to reduce drug toxicity, side effects, and resistance with single agents. In Pancalieri (Turin, Italy), there is a local production of Mentha x piperita worldwide known as “Mentha of Pancalieri”. The EO from this Mentha is considered as one of the best peppermint EO in the world. In our research, we assessed the antifungal activity of “Mentha of Pancalieri” EO either alone or in combination with azole drugs (fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole) against a wide panel of yeast and dermatophyte clinical isolates. The EO was analyzed by GC-MS and its antifungal properties were evaluated by MIC/MFC parameters, according to the CLSI guidelines, with some modifications. The interaction of peppermint EO with azoles was evaluated through the chequerboard and isobologram methods. Results suggest this EO exerts a fungicidal activity against yeasts, and a fungistatic activity against dermatophytes. Interaction studies with azoles indicate mainly synergistic profiles between itraconazole and peppermint EO vs. Candida spp., Cryptococcus neoformans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. Peppermint of Pancalieri EO may act as a potential antifungal agent and may serve as a natural adjuvant for fungal infection treatment.
Attitudes of Israeli Medical Students Towards the Medical Treatment of Uninsured Migrants
Authors: Mor Zohar , Cadesky Adam , Halleluyan Ran , Sheffer Rivka
Published: August 2019

Background: Undocumented migration to developed countries poses practical concerns, as migrants are not medically insured. This cross-sectional study aims to appraise the attitudes of Israeli medical students towards the uninsured migrant population.
Methods: Participants from five medical schools in Israel completed anonymous questionnaires in Hebrew, based on the "Medical Students’ Attitudes Toward the Underserved" (MSATU), which assessed students' attitudes regarding the professional responsibility and societal expectations towards the migrants. It also evaluated students' views of the migrants as eligible for expensive medical procedures.
Results: A total of 891 students completed the survey with a median age of 28 years. The majority were Jews (N=816, 91.6%) and singles (N=681, 68.5%). Participants in the pre-clinical years were likely to be female and unmarried compared to those in clinical training. They also demonstrated higher scores on professional responsibilities and societal expectations than students in clinical training, but no significant differences were found in their views on expensive medical services. Students of minorities (non-Jews and migrants) scored higher on professional responsibilities and societal expectations.
The scores for professional responsibilities and societal expectations decreased as students progressed in their medical training (Spearman coefficient p=0.04 and p=0.01, respectively). This trend was more apparent in males rather than females.
Conclusion: MSATU scores declined as students progressed through medical school, with females maintaining more favorable attitudes than males. Medical schools should attempt to maintain the enthusiasm and idealism that students possess as they enter medical training and provide clinical experience with migrant populations that allows for cross-cultural communication.
Social support for women after fistula repair: a scoping review
Authors: Wella Kondwani , Chilemba Evelyn , Namathanga Annie , Chakhame Bertha
Published: August 2019

Background
Obstetric fistula (OF) is a birth complication that largely affects women in developing countries. The women suffer constant incontinence, shame, social segregation, and health problems. Reconstructive surgery can usually repair OF, and enable women to reintegrate back into their communities. However, physically repair does not necessarily result in emotional recovery. Our objective was to explore women’s experiences of social support during the twelve months following a first time OF repair.

Methods
An evidence synthesis was performed based on a systematic search of literature published between 2008 and October 2019 in PubMed, Medline and CINAHL databases using keywords “Obstetric Fistula”, "vesicovaginal fistula", "vesicovaginal", “Fistula”, and “Social Support”. Inclusion criteria were primary peer reviewed articles addressing one or more study objectives, in English, on OF support, regardless of location. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility of the studies and extracted the data. Disagreement between the reviewers were resolved by a third reviewer.

Results
The search resulted in 212 articles, of which 15 were included in this review. The analysis of the studies was guided by Berkman’s Model. The model suggests that there is a link between social resources, social support and disease. We found that support was either internal or external. Internal support constituted self-efficacy resulting into strengthened internal locus of control. Externally, women were supported by friends and family with material and financial resources. They were also supported with education opportunities, and business start-up capital. Our review also identified the need to support women with information about OF. Most women who were successfully integrated into their communities supported other women suffering from OF.

Conclusions
Social networks make a significant contribution to emotional and psychological recovery of women after a successful OF surgical repair. Social networks were also found to be detrimental to emotional and psychological recovery of women. Most women were abandoned and not supported by their husbands. Only constructive surgery is not enough as OF treatment. Women need supportive and well organised social networks for them to make full recovery after OF repair.
Autologous plasma versus fetal calf serum as a supplement for the culture of neutrophils.
Authors: Alipour Razieh , Fatemi Alimohammad , Alsahebfosul Fereshteh , Andalib Alireza , Pourazar Abbasali
Published: August 2019

Objective

Currently the replacement of fetal calf serum (FCS) by a more suitable alternative is a sought aim in the field of tissue and cell culture research. Autologous plasma (AP) and especially autologous serum (AS) have been shown to be effective substitutes of FCS in culture media for some of cell types. Nevertheless, there is no comparative data on the most appropriate supplement for cell media in neutrophil studies, it is now unclear whether AP have relatively an equal, superior or inferior performance to FCS in neutrophil cell culture. In the present study, human blood neutrophils were isolated and cultured in FCS- or AP-supplemented medium. After 12, 36 and 60 hours of incubation, cell viability, oxidative burst and CD11b expression were determined by flow cytometry.Results

Compared to the culture of neutrophils in FCS 10% medium, the culture of neutrophils in a medium with AP 10% could prolong their life span without affecting their function. The findings introduce AP as a better supplement for human neutrophil cell culture than FCS and propose a simple and economical procedure for neutrophil isolation and culture.
Measles surveillance system Evaluation in Benishangul Gumuz, Mandura woreda, Ethiopia in 2018
Authors: Zena Dereje , Asires kassahun , Genetu Tigist , Asrat Anemaw
Published: August 2019

Objective The main objective of this study is to Evaluate measles surveillance system in Benishangul Gumuz, Mandura woreda, Ethiopia in 2018. Result The weekly reporting rates of the health facilities over the past 52 weeks of 2018 were >80% timeliness and completeness as show below by line graph for health posts. All the weekly surveillance reports were sent to the next level via report format and telephone. Mandura Woreda administration has made major progress in tackling the spread of measles. The overall structural set up of the surveillance system in creation of responsible unit /focal person of Public Health Emergency Management at each district and health facility level is good.
Recurrence after GnRHa treatment vs. observation in women with multiple leiomyomas after myomectomy: study protocol for a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Wei Jia , Ma Xiangyi , Wang Wenwen , Zhang Minli , Yu zhiying , Zhang Wei , Hong Li , Li zhiyin , Li Lin , Wang Yan , Feng Yun , Guo Ruixia , Zhang Chunlian , Wang Wuliang , Yue Qingfen , Wang Shixuan
Published: August 2019

Background: Recurrence of the leiomyoma remains as one of the major concerns of myomectomy in the long-term management, especially for the multiple leiomyomas. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is currently one of the most effective medications to reduce the volume of the fibroids and the uterus. However, its role in preventing recurrence after conservative surgery remains unclear. At present, there is no evidence from randomized clinical trials comparing the efficacy between GnRHa and follow-up observation in the recurrence rate of multiple leiomyomas after myomectomy. Methods/design: We are conducting a randomized controlled trial in women aged 18-45 undergoing myomectomy for the multiple leiomyomas. After the surgery, women whose pathological result confirms leiomyoma are randomized into two parallel groups: observation group and GnRHa group. The primary outcome is recurrence of either clinical symptoms or imaging. Discussion: The results of this study will provide evidence for the efficacy of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist in preventing the recurrence of high-risk leiomyoma after myomectomy.
The Effect of Added Weight on Foot Anthropometry in Pregnant Women and Nulligravida Women
Authors: Harrison Kathryn D , Thomas Krystal , Mancinelli Corrie , Meszaros Petronela , McCrory Jean L
Published: August 2019

Background

Foot anthropometry is altered by pregnancy. It is unknown if these changes are due to increased bodyweight and/or hormonal concentrations. The purpose of our study was to examine the effect of added weight on foot anthropometry in pregnancy.

Methods

Fifteen primigravid women and 13 nulliparous controls participated. Controls were matched to pregnant women based on self-reported pre-pregnancy weight. After informed consent, data were collected on pregnant participants in each trimester and post-partum. Foot length, width, arch index, arch height index, arch rigidity index, and arch drop were assessed. Subsequently, pregnant participants in their first two trimesters donned a weighted pack such that total weight difference from pre-pregnancy weight was 124N. Foot measurements were repeated. Third trimester participants were only measured without a pack as they were at full-pregnancy weight. In post-partum, bodyweight plus pack-weight equaled third trimester weight. For control participants, bodyweight plus pack-weight equaled third trimester weight of the pregnant participant to whom they were matched. A MANOVA was performed with the independent variables of trimester, weight condition, and leg. Tukey post-hoc analyses were performed when appropriate (α=0.05).

Results

Arch drop increased by 18% (p=0.007) and arch rigidity index decreased by 1% (p=0.001) while weighted across both pregnant and control groups. Increase in foot length and width and decrease in arch height index with added weight was only greater in pregnant participants compared to the control participants (p<0.05).

Conclusions

Adding weight produced changes in arch drop and arch rigidity index. Weight plus pregnancy was related to further alterations in anthropometry. Increased pregnancy hormone concentrations likely affect foot anthropometry in primigravid women.
Normative References and Clinical Correlates of Fetal Umbilical Artery Doppler Indices in Ile-Ife, Southwest, Nigeria.
Authors: Awowole Ibraheem Olayemi , Kuti Oluwafemi , Asaleye Christianah Mopelola , Badejoko Olusegun Olalekan , Bola-Oyebamiji Sekinah Bolanle , Olatunji Richard Busayo , Sowemimo Oluwaseun Oludotun , Ayodele Sidiqat Abiola
Published: August 2019

Background

The unacceptably high stillbirth rate in Nigeria, which results mainly from antepartum fetal death demands evidence-based antenatal interventions. While evidence suggests that fetal surveillance using umbilical artery (UA) Doppler reduces perinatal mortality; normative references of fetal UA Doppler indices are not readily available in Nigeria. This study aims to construct indigenous, gestational age-specific normative references for fetal UA Pulsatility Index (PI), Resistance Index (RI) and Systolic/Diastolic ratio (S:D) of singleton pregnancies in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, and correlate this with pregnancy outcomes.

Methods

In a longitudinal study involving 415 women with singleton fetuses between the gestational ages of 26-40weeks at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, fetal umbilical artery PI, RI and S:D were measured four-weekly till delivery. The means and normative centiles (95% range between 2.5th -97.5th) of the indices were determined. Regression equations were generated for the three indices, and Pearson’s correlation was used to establish the relationship with maternal age, parity, gestational age (GA) and birth weight.

Results

The three indices demonstrated significant inverse correlation with GA, such that the RI reduced by 0.013, while the PI and S:D ratio reduced by 0.027 and 0.71 respectively for each additional week of pregnancy. There was a significant negative correlation between the RI (r =-0.207; p = 0.001), PI (r = -0.17; p= 0.01), S:D ratio (r = -0.25; p<0.001) and birth weight, but not with maternal age and parity. The regression equations were RI=1.004-0.013(x), PI=1.78-0.027(x) and S:D=4.77-0.71(x) (where x= GA in weeks).

Conclusion

The fetal umbilical artery Doppler indices decreased progressively with advancing GA. There was a significant reverse-association with birthweight, but not with maternal age or parity. This study has generated, gestational age-specific umbilical artery Doppler normative references ideal for the local population’s antepartum fetal assessment.
Surveillance of animal rabies in Burkina Faso: A retrospective laboratory data from 2008 to 2012
Authors: Germaine MINOUNGO , DAHOUROU Laibané Dieudonné , Madi SAVADOGO , Dieudonné TIALLA , COMBARI Alima Hadjia Banyala , Estelle KANYALA , Lassina OUATTARA , KABORE Sonia Anne , Victorine OUEDRAOGO , Yaya TABOURET , Issa KERE
Published: August 2019

Objectives: Rabies causes more than 59 000 deaths each year worldwide with 95% of cases in Africa and Asia. It is endemic in most of African countries and 99% of human rabies cases are dogs mediated rabies. This study aimed to review data on animal rabies surveillance in Burkina Faso from 2008 to 2012.
Results: From 2008 to 2012, 1579 animal samples were analyzed for rabies confirmation with an average of 315 samples by year. Canine rabies was most suspected with 88.6% of samples. On overall, 79% of samples were positive and the highest positive percentage was on 2012 (90%). Rabies was confirmed from dogs, cats, monkeys, shrews, rodents, horses, donkeys, and sheep but canine rabies was the most prevalent (87.8%). Regarding dogs rabies, positive samples were found among vaccinated dogs and during year 2012, 91.4 % of samples received from vaccinated dogs were positive.
Clinical evaluation of preoperative abdominal aortic balloon occlusion in patients with placenta increta or percreta
Authors: Yang Zhongmei , Mei Jie , Hou Yan , Deng Qinyin , Huang Mengwei , Wu Zhao
Published: August 2019

Background

Placenta increta or percreta will result in severe postpartum hemorrhage and become a research hotspot in obstetrics. Preoperative abdominal aortic balloon occlusion (AABO), as a new intravascular interventional therapy, has taken more and more attention in obstetrics. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of abdominal aortic balloon occlusion.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of pregnant women with placenta increta or percreta delivered between January 2013 and April 2019 in the Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital. The experimental group (AABO group) included 168 patients who underwent abdominal aortic balloon occlusion before cesarean section. The control group (NO-AABO group) was composed of 106 patients who underwent surgery without any preoperative intravascular interventional therapy. The parameters containing estimated blood loss, red cell suspension (RCS) transfusion volume, hysterectomy, surgery time, postoperative hospital days, neonatal status and complications were compared between the two groups.

Results

The patients with preoperative abdominal aortic balloon occlusion had significant reduction in blood loss volume, red cell suspension transfusion volume and plasma transfusion volume compared to patients without balloon. Similarly, the surgery time and hysterectomy were obviously reduced in AABO group. However, there were no differences in the Apgar scores and neonatal complications between the two groups, indicating that the abdominal aortic balloon has little adverse effect on the newborns.

Conclusion

AABO is a safe and effective technology for pregnant women with placenta increta or percreta to reduce blood loss volume and blood transfusion volume.
Das Denkwürdige im Infra-Gewöhnlichen
Authors: Hasse Jürgen
Published: August 2019

Članak predstavlja kratak uvod u metodu mikrologijske deskripcije i fenomenološke interpretacije situacijskih impresija. Teorijska je referenca horizont Nove fenomenologije Hermanna Schmitza. Služeći se eksplikacijom impresija o tržnicama koje rade prekovremeno, prikazat će se metodološki principi i putovi razumijevanja. Principi sistematski slijede paradigmatsku strukturu fenomenologije te ih se treba razumjeti kao ocrtavajuća i misleća autopsija. Konačno, »mikrologije« se ispituju u duhu njihove važnosti za čovjekovo dolaženje u postmoderni svijet.
El riesgo y el peligro como herramientas de control y como profecía que se autocumple
Authors: Sánchez Huertas Luis Fernando
Published: August 2019

Un análisis de los conceptos de riesgo y temor desde sus significaciones en el lenguaje común y las connotaciones en la elaboración de la teoría del riesgo en la posmodernidad. En las que se convierten en justificaciones para la toma de decisiones de manera previa autojustificándose.
La moneda viviente
Authors: Torres Ocampo Alejandro
Published: August 2019

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Colombia’s elusive peace: perspectives for a peace process in Colombia
Authors: Benavides Vanegas Farid Samir
Published: August 2019

Why the enthusiasm for peace faded? What are the perspectives for peace in Colombia? How peace came to be understood as the opposite to security? In this paper I want to make sense of the first two questions, leaving for another time the third one. But I would like to say, that peace and security are not opposites, for peace without security is unstable, and security without peace is authoritarian and undemocratic. In the first part of this paper I wish to show a brief history of past peace processes in Colombia in order to highlight the elements that have led to success or failure in the past. In the second part I focus on Andres Pastrana ́s peace process to show how it set the bases for the discredit peace processes currently have and then I analyze how peace became a dirty word in Colombia ́s political conversation and the possibilities of recovering peace as part of public discussion.
Descripción panorámica de tres actores de poder público local: instituciones políticas, sectores establecidos y la prensa en Cali, en la segunda mitad del siglo veinte
Authors: Mayor Camilo Adolfo
Published: August 2019

Se traza aquí un bosquejo aproximado de tres actores de poder público local, claves en la vida social de la ciudad colombiana de Cali en la segunda mitad del siglo veinte. Gobierno local, sectores establecidos y la prensa caleña, tuvieron profundas transformaciones en este periodo. El bloque de poder que actuó con alguna cohesión en los años setenta, se halló fragmentado y diverso en su composición en las postrimerías del siglo pasado: ya los miembros de las élites económica y política no eran los mismos; sin embargo ambos continuaron beneficiándose del erario mediante una conservada cultura rentista y patrimonialista del Estado.
Sociedad civil e integración regional: elementos de análisis y reflexiones
Authors: Cancino Cadena Arturo
Published: August 2019

Una de las debilidades ampliamente reconocidas en los procesos de integración latinoamericana es la débil participación de la sociedad civil de los países en los procesos integracionistas. En el presente trabajo el autor realiza una breve aproximación al tema mediante una reflexión desde la ciencia política. Para ello, responde a la pregunta sobre el por qué del problema, formulando una hipótesis respecto de sus causas y realizando un análisis acerca de la evolución reciente de la evasiva relación entre las organizaciones sociales y los gobiernos en torno a la agenda de la integración regional. En particular, destaca la notable receptividad hacia las propuestas de los movimientos sociales por los gobiernos que impulsan el nuevo proceso de integración regional suramericana, la Unasur. Así mismo, como parte de las conclusiones, esboza una visión sobre los caminos que podrían llevar a una genuina incorporación de la sociedad en los proyectos de integración.
Coyuntura global, crisis de la deuda y cuarto de hora de América Latina
Authors: Herrera Zgaib Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2019

La economía desde un comienzo fue entendida, primero como reflexión acerca de la organización y reproducción privada de la existencia, después con la creación del saber moderno de la economía política, ésta ubica las reglas del “buen vivir” colectivo en el espacio privado estatal.

La posterior crítica de la disciplina en cabeza de Carlos Marx, expuesta en su monumental obra, El Capital, ajustó cuentas con los aportes de Adam Ferguson, Adam Smith y David Ricardo (Ricardo, D. 1943). Él mostró la condición antagónica, polar entre capital y trabajo, y su necesaria contradictoria coexistencia, alimentada de sangre, sudor y lágrimas.

El siglo XX evidencia una transformación circuntancial en la política y  la economía además de surelación con el crecimiento el Estado mismo, su tranformación y consolidación como Estado Máximo o Estado Minimo. El modelo económico jugo un papel importante ya que este determinaba la reducción del Estado a las márgenes del mercado. Para restablecer el reinado de los sponte acta, el espacio extraestatal de los individuos egoístas de la sociedad de ayer y hoy (Sartori: 1984, 219).
La producción de la verdad en el espacio penal del campo jurídico colombiano: un acercamiento a la Ley 600 de 2000
Authors: Moya Manuel Fernando
Published: August 2019

En el espacio penal se opera uno de los procesos sociales más complejos de transformación. En los mismos se procura un método de generación de la sentencia, sobre la base de un esquema concreto de consolidación de la verdad judicial. Tales métodos comportan una cierta identidad a los esquemas de procesamiento. En Colombia se operó un cambio en este sentido a consecuencia de la implementación del llamado ‘sistema acusatorio’, el cual contempla un modelo acentuadamente distinto al que se ha practicado durante los dos siglos precedentes en el país. Oscilante entre los modelos de producción de la verdad judicial basada en las verdades absolutas y la indagación, el país penduló hacia una estructura procesal en la que se acentúa profundamente el concepto de la verdad como hipótesis no descubierta sino producida, si bien manteniendo un referente con el objeto del proceso. Sin embargo, el país no parece haber interiorizado aún la modificación, entre otros aspectos, por la falta de conciencia sobre las implicaciones de la reforma.
Limitaciones del consenso racionalmente motivado: una crítica al individualismo liberal
Authors: Tobar Tovar Carlos Andrés
Published: August 2019

En este artículo se desarrolla un ejercicio argumentativo que propone una tesis y tres momentos de argumentación. La tesis que se desarrolla plantea que el consenso racionalmente motivado genera limitaciones para las comunidades a las que se les dificulta asumir las consignas liberales concernientes al entendimiento de los procedimentalismos para el reconocimiento político en el escenario público.Para demostrar dicha tesis, se proponen tres momentos argumentativos: 1) una reconstrucción de la relación sociedad-individuo desde la perspectiva de Aristóteles en contraste con la perspectiva liberal moderna. 2) Una exposición de cómo el consenso se convierte en una categoría esencial para el entendimiento de la vida social al tiempo en que supone la única vía para la comprensión de la acción política. Y, 3) una posición crítica sobre las inconsistencias que supone el consenso racionalmente motivado en la configuración de un discurso público de los asuntos comunes en la relación entre ciudadanía y moralidad. Al final, se presenta como cierre de la discusión la idea de que en las condiciones actuales las formas en que el Estado liberal reconoce a los individuos y a los grupos deja por fuera el conflicto moral que subyace a los conflictos sociales.
La sociedad y el uso del derecho en la contienda política en América Latina 1960-2000
Authors: Carvaja Jorge
Published: August 2019

Desde la última década del siglo XX , los movimientos sociales usan con más intensidad el derecho como estrategia de la acción política. Esta situación no ha sido una constante en la historia, antes de ese momento existió desconfianza de parte de los movimientos y grupos sociales frente al uso del derecho. El texto explica por qué se presentó en primer lugar una desconfianza frente a lo jurídico y expone los elementos que permitieron una mayor confianza de la sociedad frente al derecho y su uso como medio de hacer política. El artículo recurrió al análisis de textos relacionados con el tema de reflexión.
Prejuicios, diversidad sexual y religión
Authors: Mancera Acosta Julio César
Published: August 2019

La sociedad, bajo la presión de sus principales entes de poder, el Estado y la Iglesia (de cualquier denominación religiosa), han tratado históricamente de dominar el cuerpo y han empleado los prejuicios o juicios a priori, para descalificar todo aquello que se sale de los estándares de lo “permitido”; en particular, para el siguiente texto, lo que tiene que ver con la diversidad sexual.El presente artículo, permite al lector, conocer sobre el origen de dichos prejuicios y cómo estos, se han afincado en la libre interpretación de los textos bíblicos; para clasificar la diversidad sexual, tanto como pecado o como un desorden antinatural.
Violencia y no-violencia: la experiencia de paz de la Asociación de Trabajadores Campesinos del Carare-ATCC
Authors: Amaya Panche Johanna
Published: August 2019

Este artículo analiza las formas en que la Asociación de Trabajadores Campesinos del Carare ATCC, como la experiencia de paz más antigua de Colombia, entiende y construye los conceptos de justicia, la paz y el perdón. Para ello, el artículo analiza la ATCC de fondo, su historia y principios, así como la relación que se construye en esta experiencia exitosa de consolidación de la paz entre el pensamiento de los campesinos y el pensamiento de los Carares originarios, sobre la base de la circularidad identitaria entre ambos pensamientos.
El problema del reconocimiento: apuntes desde la crítica social de Axel Honneth
Authors: Losada Cubillos Jhon Jairo
Published: August 2019

El tema del reconocimiento, resulta ser uno de los más frecuentemente tratados en el concierto de los planteamientos de las Ciencias Sociales. Sin embargo, se hace necesario actualizar y repensar la problemática, teniendo en cuenta los retos que van surgiendo constantemente a partir de las problemáticas de realidades concretas y postulados teóricos conducentes a incongruencias con tales contextos. De allí la necesidad de la búsqueda permanente de alternativas, análisis críticos de la realidad, perspectivas de estudios y entramados conceptuales sólidos.En este sentido, se halla la pertinencia del filósofo alemán Axel Honneth, quien aparece como heredero de una fuerte tradición social y filosófica, a saber, la Teoría Crítica de la escuela de Frankfurt. Sin embargo, ello no lo exime de hacer, como de hecho lo hace, una revisión crítica de la misma y proyectar sus propios planteamientos que permiten hacer manifiesto una postura novedosa y contextualizada a estos tiempos. Para este escrito se pretende hacer una reconstrucción de los argumentos de Honneth sobre su teoría del Reconocimiento y poder destacar los elementos relevantes de índole metodológica y conceptual.
La formación del componente investigativo del docente universitario desde un enfoque sociocrítico
Authors: Padilla Beltrán Eduardo , Vera Maldonado Andersen , Silva Carreño Wilmer Hernando
Published: August 2019

La formación de los docentes se ha configurado disciplinaria y normativamente al margen de una formación hacia la práctica investigativa, hacia la formación del docente como investigador. El trabajo se inscribe en una investigación cualitativa con un enfoque sociocrítico, utilizando como estrategia metodológica la teoría fundamentada mediante el uso una encuesta semiestructurada como herramientas y de métodos como la triangulación de datos para la emergencia de categorías de análisis. Como resultado, este artículo muestra la caracterización del sentido de la formación investigativa del docente desde los participantes y se confronta con una mirada desde el enfoque sociocrítico de la pedagogía. Las conclusiones hacen referencia, entonces, a la posibilidad de crear situaciones de empoderamiento en las que el mismo docente se constituya como sujeto reflexivo y crítico respecto de las problemáticas de su entorno y por las cuales los procesos educativos adquieran significatividad como procesos de investigación.
Una aproximación al estudio de la constitución económica colombiana y los servicios públicos domiciliarios
Authors: Alarcón Peña Andrea
Published: August 2019

El presente artículo se divide en cuatro secciones. En la primera de ellas se describen los antecedentes constitucionales y legales del Tìtulo XII de la Constitución Política colombiana, para ello se analizan las particularidades que la Carta de 1886 consignaba (respecto de libertades y derechos de contenido económico) y aquellas que posteriormente fueron consignadas. La segunda parte analiza las particularidades del sistema económico colombiano haciendo una breve sinopsis del modelo de e estado c colombiano.La tercera y cuarta parte describen, de manera general, las particularidades que registran constitucionalmente los servicios públicos domiciliarios y su importancia y relevancia para alcanzar los objetivos del Estado.
El realismo político y la razón de estado, proyecciones del pensamiento de Nicolás Maquiavelo
Authors: Novoa Parra María Esther
Published: August 2019

La transición de la política entendida como deber ser, inherente a la condición humana, forjada en los escenarios de la filosofía política en Grecia, encuentra un punto de quiebre y transformación, a comienzos de la modernidad, momento en el cual los presupuestos teóricos de Nicolás Maquiavelo, impregnado del pensamiento secular renacentista, irrumpe con una nueva lectura de la política, que en adelante estará centrada en el único fin objetivamente demostrable históricamente, el del poder y de la autonomía frente a la moral.En este ensayo se presenta una reflexión de los alcances de su pensamiento, el contexto y la vigencia en el mundo contemporáneo del Realismo Político.
Cooperación y negociación como estrategias para la proyección internacional de Colombia en el siglo XXI
Authors: Álvarez Arias Luis Felipe
Published: August 2019

La multiplicidad de contextos en los que convive la Comunidad Internacional influenciados en cierta medida por los fenómenos de la Globalización y caracterizados por la pretensión de un crecimiento económico, la competitividad, la innovación tecnológica, y atravesados horizontalmente por un conjunto de problemáticas algunas con alcance global, nuevas amenazas y vulnerabilidades de orden político, económico, social, cultural, ambiental, (etc.), exigen y requieren de Colombia (país de renta media-alta y con elevados índices de desigualdad) y su aparato institucional y extrainstitucional, un aprovechamiento hacia el sistema de Cooperación Internacional en términos de esquemas de negociación que se dirijan a garantizar principios de justicia, equidad y desarrollo socioeconómico interno que le permita proyectarse de forma dinámica en la arena internacional.
Análisis de los procesos de paz en Colombia en los inicios de la década de los noventa. Lecciones de El Salvador
Authors: Narváez Jaimes Ginneth Esmeralda
Published: August 2019

El propósito de este artículo consiste en analizar los procesos de paz que se llevaron a cabo en Colombia en los inicios de la década de los noventa, desde un abordaje que combina un estudio acerca del modelo de guerra de las organizaciones insurgentes, el contexto de las conversaciones y los puntos que se abordaron en lasrespectivas agendas de negociación y retoma las lecciones aprendidas del proceso de paz en El Salvador. El presente artículo se presentó como examen doctoral, en marco de la tesis titulada “Análisis de la ruptura del proceso de negociación entre las FARC-EP y el Gobierno Colombiano, (1999-2002)”, y se fundamenta con los análisis realizados por especialistas en el tema.
Effects of topographic domain and land use on spatial variability of deep soil moisture in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China
Authors: Yu Bowei , Liu Gaohuan , Liu Qingsheng , Huang Chong , Li He
Published: August 2019

Deep soil moisture is fundamental to hydrological cycle and ecosystem sustainability in arid and semi-arid regions. This study examined the combined effects of topographic domain and land use on the spatial variability of deep soil moisture (0–5 m) on the semi-arid Loess Plateau of China. Our results showed that deep soil moisture was generally temporally stable due to the thick loess soil in the plateau region. The depth-averaged soil moisture was slightly lower in the gully domain compared to the hillslope domain but was dependent on the soil depths. Soil moisture variability was clearly larger in the gully domain when compared with that in the hillslope domain in the 0–5 m profile. The mean soil moisture contents in comparable soil depths were lower in forestland than in grassland (and farmland), particularly in the hillslope domain. Land uses had similar vertical distribution characteristics of deep soil moisture for each topographic domain. Soil moisture showed highly significant positive correlations with slope aspect in the hillslope domain and with profile curvature in the gully domain.
Implementing an Extended Kalman Filter for estimating nutrient composition in a sequential batch MBBR pilot plant
Authors: Nair Abhilash M. , Fanta Abaynesh , Haugen Finn Aakre , Ratnaweera Harsha
Published: August 2019

Online monitoring of water quality parameters can provide better control over various operations in wastewater treatment plants. However, a lack of physical online sensors, the high price of the available online water-quality analyzers, and the need for regular maintenance and calibration prevent frequent use of online monitoring. Soft-sensors are viable alternatives, with advantages in terms of price and flexibility in operation. As an example, this work presents the development, tuning, implementation, and validation of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) on a grey-box model to estimate the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFA), soluble phosphates (PO4-P), ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) and nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) using simple and inexpensive sensors such as pH and dissolved oxygen (DO). The EKF is implemented in a sequential batch moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) pilot scale unit used for biological phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater. The grey-box model, used for soft sensing, was constructed by fitting the kinetic data from the pilot plant to a reduced order version of ASM2d model. The EKF is successfully validated against the standard laboratory measurements, which confirms its ability to estimate various states during the continuous operation of the pilot plant.
Selective specialised translation through the prism of the communicative and functional approach
Authors: Shamilov Raviddin M.
Published: August 2019

The research is topical due to the need to shape an attitude towards various kinds of translation the linguistic composition of which differs from that of a traditional full translation as to fully-fledged and satisfactory translations, the emergence of which is determined by the characteristics of a given communicative situation. One of these kinds of translation is selective translation. The article highlights the peculiarities of a communicative situation in which selective translation of a specialised text is to be made. The pages from a personal medical cards of children are used for analysis and as an object of selective translation. The author argues that it is important to take into consideration the needs and expectancies of an agent and/or target text user as well as the translation goal in a given communicative situation since, in the aggregate, they predetermine the reproduction of the content of a specialised text in translation selectively in the volume which is sufficient for the agent and/or target text user to fulfill their substantive activity. The research is innovative due to the fact that the selective translation is being analyzed for the first time in terms of the communicative and functional approach to translation.
Une approche du rire dans la litterature italienne
Authors: Marillaud Pierre
Published: August 2019

Les Italiens ont fait rire le monde entier, que ce soit par leur théâtre, leur cinéma ou leur littérature. C’est ce rire dans la littérature italienne dont nous avons voulu faire une approche non exhaustive car il déborda souvent les frontières de la « botte » et marqua les littératures voisines et particulièrement la littérature française. Le poète latin Horace parlait de l’italium acetum (Satires 1-7-32) [15], car ce rire était souvent cruel. En Italie, pays où nous nous sommes souvent rendu pour raisons professionnelles et aussi pour le plaisir, on se moque de tout, y compris de ceux qu’on dit adorer, et c’est par le rire et la dérision que l’on triomphe du désenchantement et des désillusions.

Notre communication propose une approche de quelques auteurs italiens très célèbres, et ce depuis Boccace (1313-1375) jusqu’à l’immense Dario Fo, prix Nobel de littérature, dont le rire ravageur fait trembler tous ceux qui flirtent avec le fascisme et le nazisme, et au brillant romancier et sémioticien Umberto Eco qui n’hésite pas à se moquer d’intellectuels célèbres de ses contemporains, en les pastichant. Nous donnons un extrait du texte par lequel il pastiche un autre sémioticien, A. J. Greimas… !