bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
For a review of the multiplicity in literary studies
Authors: Durão Fabio Akcelrud
Published: January 2016

THIS SHORT PAPER REFLECTS ON HOW THE IDEA OF MULTIPLICITY AFFECTS LITERARY STUDIES IN BRAZIL TODAY. TAKEN AS THE STRONGEST COMMON PLACE OF THE FIELD, THIS ASSOCIATION BETWEEN LITERATURE WITH THE MULTIPLE IS COMBINED WITH A BELIEF THAT THE FORMER IS INHERENT GOOD, AND THAT THE PLURAL IS INHERENTLY DEMOCRATIC, ETHICALLY POSITIVE. THIS GENERATES EFFECTS THAT IMPOVERISH THE INTERPRETATIVE PROCESS AND ULTIMATELY MAKE THE STUDY OF LITERATURE RESEMBLE THE FORM OF COMMODY CIRCULATION IN TODAY'S CAPITALISM.
Republicanismo em Angola: os "filhos do país" perante a Era Nova (1870-1912)
Authors: Freudenthal Aida
Published: January 2016

O PRESENTE ENSAIO PRETENDE OBSERVAR ALGUNS ASPECTOS DO REPUBLICANISMO EM ANGOLA, ANALISANDO O MODO COMO UMA FRAÇÃO DAS ELITES URBANAS, DENOMINADAS "FILHOS DO PAÍS", "ANGOLENSES" OU "NATIVOS", APROPRIARAM-SE DE CONCEITOS POLÍTICOS EXÓGENOS COM O OBJETIVO DE TRANSFORMAR A REALIDADE SOCIAL ANGOLANA COMO FRUTO DE UMA DINÂMICA INTERNA. ESSE PROCESSO INICIOU-SE NA SEGUNDA METADE DO SÉCULO XIX, QUANDO AS INSTITUIÇÕES MONÁRQUICAS COMEÇARAM A SOFRER FORTES ATAQUES VINDOS DE SETORES VÁRIOS DA POPULAÇÃO. ENTRE AS COMPONENTES DESTE PROCESSO, DEPARAMO-NOS COM CONCEITOS POLÍTICOS ASSOCIADOS AO ILUMINISMO E À REVOLUÇÃO FRANCESA E SUA TRANSPOSIÇÃO PARA COLÔNIAS AMERICANAS E AFRICANAS, ONDE FORAM POSTERIORMENTE REFORMULADOS.
Transgeneridade: um complexo desafio
Authors: Modesto Edith
Published: January 2016

Aliados ao pensamento de Foucault, utilizamos os conceitos e instrumental de análise da semiótica francesa, com intuito de discutir a transgeneridade como um tipo complexo de generidade. Atualmente, é o tipo de generidade mais visado pelo poder repressivo social. Partindo do princípio de que a “desnaturalização” da transgeneridade mostra-se como um desafio teórico, discutimos possíveis abordagens. Além disso, para tentar entender como é construído o conceito de transgeneridade, sugerimos gradientes de sexualidade e generidade, construídos discursivamente, que interagem, e se complementam diacronicamente.
A sul. O sombreiro
Authors: Santos Donizeth Aparecido dos
Published: January 2016

Resenha do romance A sul. O sombreiro, de Pepetela.
Viagens Transatlânticas: Mongólia, de Bernardo Carvalho e Longe de Manaus, de Francisco José Viegas
Authors: Franco Adenize
Published: January 2016

Este artigo analisa os romances Mongólia (2003), de Bernardo Carvalho, e Longe de Manaus (2005), de Francisco José Viegas, a partir do processo de deslocamento que as viagens transatlânticas representadas nos romances (para Pequim, Mongólia e Rio de Janeiro, no primeiro; Porto, Luanda e Manaus, no segundo) evidenciam ao estabelecer relações com a História recente desses países e seus lugares.
Literatura Atlântica: notas sobre o comparatismo em língua portuguesa
Authors: Vasconcellos Lisa Carvalho
Published: January 2016

Constatando a inadequação do termo lusofonia – palavra carregada por ecos colonialistas e autoritários – para definir o estudo das literaturas luso-afro-brasileiras, o artigo propõe uma nova possibilidade conceitual para o comparatismo em língua portuguesa: a Literatura Atlântica. O termo, inspirado em recentes estudos historiográficos e das ciências sociais, toma o mar como metáfora para as trocas culturais não-hierárquicas que aconteceram e continuam a acontecer entre os países de colonização portuguesa espalhados em três continentes. A horizontalidade do mar e suas múltiplas possibilidades de contato e contágio servem aqui, ao mesmo tempo, como inspiração metodológica e perspectiva política.
Interseções transculturais no Atlântico Negro: o caso Francisco Félix de Souza
Authors: Oliveira Paulo César
Published: January 2016

O artigo parte das teorias de Paul Gilroy, em O Atlântico Negro, especialmente quando trata, no "Prefácio" á edição brasileira, dos "Padrões de fluxo e mobilidade que se caracterizam a aventura extranacional e a criativaidade intercultural", para estabelecer dfiálogos entre o romance The Viceroy of Ouidah,  de Bruce Chatwin, e outras obras que veem no brasileiro Francisco Féliz de Souza uma personagem decisiva na configuração da presenaça brasileira na África daomeana.
Vitorino Nemésio: Uma voz açoriana do diálogo luso-brasileiro
Authors: Amaral Irene de
Published: January 2016

As ilhas atlânticas do arquipélago dos Açores itermedeiam a escrita brtsileira de Vitorino de Nemésio, que assume a posição de portugês do Atlântico que escreve sobre o Brasil. Em sua escrita, o traço cultural do outro é reconhecido como uma carga afetiva que se pode constituir como obstáculo ou como privilégio do entendimento entre portugueses e brasileiros.
Intracolonialismo ou "l’Animotion" do Atlântico negro
Authors: McGuirk Bernard
Published: January 2016

Na linha canônica de Dostoevsky e Kafka o novelista angolano José Eduardo Agualusa nos brinda com protagonistas ou narradores menos propenso à porta-vozes que a animots. A proposição de Jacques Derrida “Ecce animot, [...] assumindo o título de um animal autobiográfico numa resposta arriscada, fabulosa ou quimérica à questão “Mas eu, quem sou eu?” é apropriada se quisermos perseguir o o re(p)t(il)elhar da história na construção da memória angolana. O “vendedor” que dá nome ao romance, o albino Félix Ventura (felicidade futura garantida?), é um homem com uma ocupação pouco usual. Se a sua linhagem não é suficientemente distinta, ele pode muda-la para você. Se sua família não é tão gloriosa quanto você gostaria, Félix Ventura pode te dar outra. Félix Ventura é um vendedor de passados.   Mas quem o observa? Quem conta sua estória? Quem, ou o que, está na sua cola? Quem, ou o que, coloca o enredo em (ani)mo(t)vimento? L’animot juste ou juste l’animot? A proposta meditação acerca do intra-colonialismo pós-colonial angolano tem como foco a economia de passados transformados, lavados pela valência de cambiantes identidades. A análise da função do albino que explora a dimensão parda – um tom de cinza – de uma atlântica Angola pós-colonial que reinventa seu passado e reinscreve sua história; após intromissões falhadas de expansionismos soviéticos ou intervencionismos cubanos, agora envoltos numa língua globalizante de animosidade menos paralisante de animots que ousam se arriscar.
Para tirar o leitor da toca: o papel do narrador em O hobbit, de Tolkien
Authors: Ferreira Eliane Aparecida Galvão Ribeiro
Published: January 2016

Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar uma possibilidade de leitura da obra O hobbit, de Tolkien (1998), na qual se considera o papel do leitor e do narrador. Para a consecução do objetivo, pretende-se refletir, a partir das contribuições da estética da recepção, acerca do que propicia o prazer na leitura e quais elementos determinam o papel do leitor implícito e as disposições do narrador. Constrói-se, neste texto, a hipótese de que a estratégia do escritor de apresentar sua narrativa sob a forma de um romance de formação permite ao jovem, também em fase de definição de sua personalidade, identificação com a temática.
O contexto na crítica literária de Antonio Candido e Pier Paolo Pasolini. Elementos para uma comparação.
Authors: Maffia Gesualdo
Published: January 2016

Comparação entre às análises críticas de Antonio Candido e Pier Paolo Pasolini, focada, respectivamente, nos ensaios O mundo provérbio e intervenção sobre o discurso indirecto livre. O objetivo é evidenciar algumas diferenças entre a crítica acadêmica e a crítica militante dos dois autores.
A fascinante máquina de Adriana Falcão
Authors: Lima Maria de Fátima Gonçalves
Published: January 2016

A Máquina, de Adriana Falcão, em linguagem fluente e contemporânea, resgata o lirismo e o poder do mais clássico dos temas: o amor. Esse sentimento leva o protagonista a buscar o mundo das ideias de Platão e fazer sua amada ver o inteligível, incompreensível pela razão, que se concebe somente pela emoção.  Por meio de imagens fascinantes o real desliza então para o imaginário ou vice-versa, numa reflexão sobre realizações, sonhos e perspectivas da juventude de alcançar voos cada vez mais altos na contemporaneidade.
Revolução, camarada porco
Authors: Bortolotto Benhur
Published: January 2016

Este artigo analisa a novela Quem me dera ser onda, do escritor angolano Manuel Rui, para estabelecer uma proposta de leitura em que o riso se revela uma ferramenta de decifração e crítica da sociedade angolana pós-independência. É no estudo dos conceitos bakhtinianos de carnavalização e realismo grotesco que surgem as propostas deste trabalho.
A poesia de Ruy Duarte de Carvalho para além de fronteiras
Authors: Cardoso Claudia Fabiana de Oliveira
Published: January 2016

Neste trabalho, propomos uma leitura da obra Lavra, de Ruy Duarte de Carvalho, discutindo como o escritor faz da poesia lugar de passagem para o reencontro do sujeito com a palavra primordial. Consideramos o autor um poeta viajante, que revisitou o sul angolano e tradições orais da região, promovendo, em seus poemas, travessias e atravessamentos espaciais, culturais e linguísticos.
Intruso, incômodo e urgente: lugares do testemunho No ensino de literatura
Authors: Paula Marcelo Ferraz De
Published: January 2016

Neste artigo discutimos algumas eventuais contribuições de textos testemunhais para o ensino de literatura na educação básica. Desenvolvemos uma análise do modo como certa “literatura de testemunho” é abordada nas escolas, a partir de um olhar crítico sobre documentos oficiais da educação, livros didáticos e propostas de projetos pedagógicos. O trabalho atesta a necessidade de se aprimorar a abordagem do testemunho nas aulas de literatura, apontando alguns equívocos comuns na utilização destes textos, bem como salientando sua relevância para a compreensão da natureza e limites do literário, dos meandros entre ética e estética, ficção e realidade. Também damos destaque aos problemáticos vínculos entre testemunho, literatura, prazer estético, políticas da memória e direitos humanos.
LISBOA EM CARDOSO PIRES E SARAMAGO: IMAGENS DE RETORNO
Authors: Pereira Maria Luiza Scher
Published: January 2016

TANTO JOSÉ CARDOSO PIRES COMO JOSÉ SARAMAGO FIZERAM DE LISBOA MOTIVO DE VISITAÇÃO E DE TEXTUALIZAÇÃO. PARA CARDOSO PIRES, UMA CIDADE DE NAVEGAR, UMA CIDADE-NAVE; PARA SARAMAGO, UMA CIDADE AUTOFÁGICA, QUE NÃO GOSTA DE RUÍNAS. PARA AMBOS, INTELECTUAIS EM TRÂNSITO, A CIDADE-TEXTO, EM QUE IMAGENS DE RETORNO REPRESENTAM A ARTICULAÇÃO, CONFLITUOSA MAS FECUNDA, ENTRE OS MITOS DE ESPAÇO E TEMPO E A SUBJETIVIDADE QUE OS TRANSFORMAM EM MOTIVOS DE LEITURA E DE ESCRITA.
TÂNIA CARVALHAL E AS TRILHAS DO COMPARATISMO: ESBOÇO DE UM PERFIL
Authors: Coutinho Eduardo F.
Published: January 2016

O TEXTO ESTABELECE UM PERFIL DA CRÍTICA LITERÁRIA E TEÓRICA DA LITERATURA COMPARADA TANIA FRANCO CARVALHAL, NA PERSPECTIVA DE UM DE SEUS COLABORADORES MAIS PRÓXIMOS, ENFATIZANDO A RELEVÂNCIA DE SEU TRABALHO PIONEIRO COM A LITERATURA COMPARADA NO BRASIL.
Increased Peripheral Arterial Calcification in Patients Receiving Warfarin
Authors: Han Kum Hyun , O'Neill W. Charles
Published: January 2016

Background

Matrix Gla protein is a vitamin K–dependent inhibitor of vascular calcification. Warfarin use is associated with increased breast arterial calcification, but whether this is reflective of other arteries or occurs in men is unclear. In this study, the prevalence of calcification in peripheral arteries was compared in patients with and without warfarin therapy.

Methods and Results

This retrospective matched cohort study assessed 430 patients with radiographs performed during or after warfarin therapy who were identified by a computerized search of medical records. Each patient was matched to a patient without warfarin exposure based on age, sex, and diabetes status. Patients with warfarin exposure <1 month, history of end‐stage renal disease, or serum creatinine >2.0 mg/dl were excluded. Radiographs were reviewed visually for arterial calcification. The prevalence of arterial calcification was 44% greater in patients with versus without warfarin use (30.2% versus 20.9%,
P
=0.0023) but not on radiographs performed before warfarin therapy (26.4% versus 22.4%, n=156) or prior to 5 years of warfarin therapy. The increase was noted only in the ankle and foot, was limited to a medial pattern of calcification, and was similar in men and women.

Conclusions

Warfarin use is associated with lower extremity arterial calcification in both men and women independent of age, sex, diabetes status, and other patient characteristics. This may have implications for the choice of therapies for long‐term anticoagulation.
Cardiac Time Intervals Measured by Tissue Doppler Imaging M‐mode: Association With Hypertension, Left Ventricular Geometry, and Future Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Biering‐Sørensen Tor , Mogelvang Rasmus , Schnohr Peter , Jensen Jan Skov
Published: January 2016

Background

We hypothesized that the cardiac time intervals reveal reduced myocardial function in persons with hypertension and are strong predictors of future ischemic cardiovascular diseases in the general population.

Methods and Results

In a large community‐based population study, cardiac function was evaluated in 1915 participants by using both conventional echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging (
TDI
). The cardiac time intervals, including the isovolumic relaxation time (
IVRT
), isovolumic contraction time (
IVCT
), and ejection time (
ET
), were obtained by
TDI
M‐mode through the mitral leaflet.
IVCT
/
ET
,
IVRT
/
ET
, and myocardial performance index [
MPI
=(
IVRT
+
IVCT
)/
ET
] were calculated. After multivariable adjustment for clinical variables the
IVRT
,
IVRT
/
ET
, and
MPI
, remained significantly impaired in persons with hypertension (n=826) compared with participants without hypertension (n=1082). Additionally, they displayed a significant dose–response relationship, between increasing severity of elevated blood pressure and increasing left ventricular mass index (
P
<0.001 for all). Further, during follow‐up of a median of 10.7 years, 435 had an ischemic cardiovascular disease (ischemic heart disease, peripheral arterial disease, or stroke). The
IVRT
/
ET
and
MPI
were powerful and independent predictors of future cardiovascular disease, especially in participants with known hypertension. They provide prognostic information incremental to clinical variables from the Framingham Risk Score, the
SCORE
risk chart, and the European Society of Hypertension/European Society of Cardiology risk chart.

Conclusion

The cardiac time intervals identify impaired cardiac function in individuals with hypertension, not only independent of conventional risk factors but also in participants with a normal conventional echocardiographic examination. The
IVRT
/
ET
and
MPI
are independent predictors of future cardiovascular disease especially in participants with known hypertension.
Comprehensive Assessment of Coronary Plaque Progression With Advanced Intravascular Imaging, Physiological Measures, and Wall Shear Stress: A Pilot Double‐Blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial of Nebivolol Versus Atenolol in Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Hung Olivia Y. , Molony David , Corban Michel T. , Rasoul‐Arzrumly Emad , Maynard Charles , Eshtehardi Parham , Dhawan Saurabh , Timmins Lucas H. , Piccinelli Marina , Ahn Sung Gyun , Gogas Bill D. , McDaniel Michael C. , Quyyumi Arshed A. , Giddens Don P. , Samady Habib
Published: January 2016

Background

We hypothesized that nebivolol, a β‐blocker with nitric oxide–mediated activity, compared with atenolol, a β‐blocker without such activity, would decrease oxidative stress and improve the effects of endothelial dysfunction and wall shear stress (
WSS
), thereby reducing atherosclerosis progression and vulnerability in patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease.

Methods and Results

In this pilot double‐blinded randomized controlled trial, 24 patients treated for 1 year with nebivolol 10 mg versus atenolol 100 mg plus standard medical therapy underwent baseline and follow‐up coronary angiography with assessments of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, microvascular function, endothelial function, and virtual histology intravascular ultrasound.
WSS
was calculated from computational fluid dynamics. Virtual histology intravascular ultrasound segments were assessed for vessel volumetrics and remodeling. There was a trend toward more low‐
WSS
segments in the nebivolol cohort (
P
=0.06). Low‐
WSS
regions were associated with greater plaque progression (
P
<0.0001) and constrictive remodeling (
P
=0.04); conversely, high‐
WSS
segments demonstrated plaque regression and excessive expansive remodeling. Nebivolol patients had decreased lumen and vessel areas along with increased plaque area, resulting in more constrictive remodeling (
P
=0.002). There were no significant differences in biomarker levels, microvascular function, endothelial function, or number of thin‐capped fibroatheromas per vessel. Importantly, after adjusting for β‐blocker, low‐
WSS
segments remained significantly associated with lumen loss and plaque progression.

Conclusion

Nebivolol, compared with atenolol, was associated with greater plaque progression and constrictive remodeling, likely driven by more low‐
WSS
segments in the nebivolol arm. Both β‐blockers had similar effects on oxidative stress, microvascular function, and endothelial function.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01230892.
The Breathing Wall (BRALL)—Triggering Life (in)animate Surfaces
Authors: Budak Ece Polen , Zirhli Onur , Stokes Adam A. , Akbulut Ozge
Published: January 2016

This paper investigates the tactile possibilities of human interaction with synthetic biomorphic surfaces through an interdisciplinary collaboration between arts, materials science, mechanical, and electronics engineering. The authors created a breathing wall (BRALL) composed of nine silicone-based tiles that feel like flesh, breathe, emit sound, and respond to touch by pneumatic activation that is enabled by soft robotics technology. The authors believe combining a flesh-like material with soft motion and tactile responsiveness brings us a step closer to replicating/imitating organic life. The authors also question the potential of interacting with synthetic structures and what the social and cognitive implications of such exchanges could be.
Wholesale Late Merger in Ā-movement: Evidence from Preposition Stranding
Authors: Stanton Juliet
Published: January 2016

To account for several asymmetries between A- and Ā-movement, Takahashi and Hulsey (2009) generalize the late merger option ( Lebeaux 1988 , Chomsky 1995 ) as wholesale late merger (WLM). In particular, allowing an NP to merge with a head D as late as (but no later than) its Case position explains why Ā but not A-movement displays Principle C reconstruction effects. In this article, I claim that WLM is also responsible for pervasive asymmetries within the class of Ā-extractions. The evidence comes from restrictions on English preposition stranding. I document a correlation between a preposition’s complementation properties and its ability to be stranded: prepositions that disallow pronominal complements can only be stranded by a subset of Ā-extractions. I argue that the extractions allowing pronoun-rejecting prepositions to be stranded disallow WLM, while those that disallow the stranding allow (and require) WLM.
Rightward DP-Movement Licenses Parasitic Gaps: A Reply to Postal 1994
Authors: Overfelt Jason
Published: January 2016

This article argues against the conclusion in Postal 1994 that there are no instances of parasitic gap licensing by the rightward displacement of a DP. The evidence presented in Postal 1994 allows us to conclude only that right node raising is able to target adjunction structures when a parasitic gap derivation is otherwise blocked. Three cases are then provided to support the argument that, in principle, both parasitic gap licensing and right node raising can target adjunction structures.
I See Myself through My Avatar: Evidence from East Asia and North America for Acculturated Effects on Virtual Representation Preference
Authors: Yoon Gunwoo , Vargas Patrick T.
Published: January 2016

In the present research we argue that avatars, as identity containers, can mirror people’s self-concepts. Research in cultural psychology suggests that East Asians tend to be more tolerant of contradictions and that they more easily adjust their self-concepts in accordance with changing contexts compared to North Americans (see Heine 2001). We therefore assume that preferred forms of avatars among East Asians and North Americans are different because of this self-concept variability across cultures. We conducted a quasi-experiment to explore how people in the two cultures differently evaluate two forms of avatars, human-like and cartoon-like avatars, in terms of likeability and preference. We found that East Asians rated cartoon-like avatars more favourably than North Americans. Moreover, compared to North Americans, East Asians preferred cartoon-like avatars to human-like avatars for their hypothetical avatars to play games. We conclude by discussing implications for future research.
Description of the 5th instar nymph of Oenopiella punctaria (Stål, 1859) Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), with new distributional records
from Southern Patagonia
Authors: Faúndez Eduardo I. , Carvajal Máriom A .
Published: January 2016

The 5th instar nymph of Oenopiella punctaria (Stål, 1859) is described and illustrated for the first time, together with new distributional records from Patagonia. The new records are from Santa Cruz Province (Argentina), and the Magallanes Region (Chile). The latter is the southernmost record for this species and also for the Carpocorini in South America. In light of the new data, the biogeography of Oenopiella is discussed, and it is concluded that an Andean origin may be possible.
Out of Africa: The first introduced African geophilomorph centipede record from a European greenhouse (Chilopoda: Geophilidae)
Authors: DÁNYI LÁSZLÓ , TUF IVAN HADRIÁN
Published: January 2016

In Europe, 184 species of Geophilomorpha are recognised (Bonato & Minelli 2014) of which eight are evaluated as alien to the region (Stoev et al. 2010, Decker et al. 2014). Four of these have been reported from greenhouses exclusively: Mecistocephalus guildingii Newport, 1843, Mecistocephalus maxillaris (Gervais, 1837), Tygarrup javanicus Attems, 1929 and Pectiniunguis pauperatus Silvestri, 1907. In this paper, we report another species, Polygonarea silvicola Lawrence, 1955, which is the first Geophilomorpha species of unambiguous African origin in Europe. Description of the specimen found in Olomouc (Czech Republic) is provided. Co-occurrence of another African species, the lithobiomorph Lamyctes africanus (Porath, 1871) (also new for Czech Republic) is also reported here.
Givetian ostracods of the Candás Formation (Asturias, North-western Spain): taxonomy, stratigraphy, palaeoecology, relationship to global events and palaeogeographical implications
Authors: MAILLET SEBASTIEN , MILHAU BRUNO , VREULX MICHEL , POSADA LUIS-CARLOS SÁNCHEZ DE
Published: January 2016

Asturian ostracods of the Givetian carbonate Candás Formation are documented for the first time from the Peran-Perlora and Carranques reference sections. More than 1,200 specimens were extracted from 44 samples by means of the hot acetolysis method. In all, 75 taxa are described herein, of which 21 are formally described and one, Evlanella peranensis Maillet n. sp., is new. All the taxa are marine benthic and belong to the Eifelian Mega-Assemblage. The assemblages recognized are representative of semi-restricted to shallow open-marine palaeoenvironments above the storm wave base. The stratigraphical distribution of the taxa shows a strong faunal renewal in the top of the Candás Formation. Long-ranging taxa found at the base of the formation, of which many are known from the base of the Middle Devonian, disappear within the base of the member C and are replaced above, around the Middle/Upper Givetian boundary, by more cosmopolitan taxa characteristic of the Frasnian. The lower half of the member C is also characterized both by unstable environments and occurrence of some short-ranging opportunistic ostracod taxa. This renewal within shallow water ostracod communities is probably a consequence of the global Taghanic Biocrisis, leading world-widely to extinctions in several faunal groups. Faunal affinities with Givetian ostracod taxa reported in other areas of the world reflect the commonly accepted palaeogeographical patterns. Close relations between the Cantabrian Zone (NW-Spain), the Armorican Massif (W-France), the Mouthoumet Massif (S-France) and North Africa (Morocco and Algeria) suggest a narrow oceanic space between the western European terranes and the northern Gondwanan margin that involves an advanced phase of closure of the Medio-European Ocean.
The Life of August Wilhelm Schlegel, Cosmopolitan of Art and Poetry
Authors: Paulin Roger
Published: January 2016

This is the first full-scale biography, in any language, of a towering figure in German and European Romanticism: August Wilhelm Schlegel whose life, 1767 to 1845, coincided with its inexorable rise. As poet, translator, critic and oriental scholar, Schlegel's extraordinarily diverse interests and writings left a vast intellectual legacy, making him a foundational figure in several branches of knowledge. He was one of the last thinkers in Europe able to practise as well as to theorise, and to attempt to comprehend the nature of culture without being forced to be a narrow specialist. With his brother Friedrich, for example, Schlegel edited the avant-garde Romantic periodical Athenaeum; and he produced with his wife Caroline a translation of Shakespeare, the first metrical version into any foreign language. Schlegel's Lectures on Dramatic Art and Literature were a defining force for Coleridge and for the French Romantics. But his interests extended to French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese literature, as well to the Greek and Latin classics, and to Sanskrit.

August Wilhelm Schlegel is the first attempt to engage with this totality, to combine an account of Schlegel’s life and times with a critical evaluation of his work and its influence. Through the study of one man's rich life, incorporating the most recent scholarship, theoretical approaches, and archival resources, while remaining easily accessible to all readers, Paulin has recovered the intellectual climate of Romanticism in Germany and traced its development into a still-potent international movement. The extraordinarily wide scope and variety of Schlegel's activities have hitherto acted as a barrier to literary scholars, even in Germany. In Roger Paulin, whose career has given him the knowledge and the experience to grapple with such an ambitious project, Schlegel has at last found a worthy exponent.
Effect of the East Asian Westerly Jet’s Intensity on Summer Rainfall in the Yangtze River Valley and Its Mechanism
Authors: Wang Shixin , Zuo Hongchao
Published: January 2016

Many studies have shown that the northward (southward) displacement of the East Asian westerly jet (EAWJ) drastically reduces (increases) summer rainfall in the Yangtze River valley (YRV). However, the effect of the jet’s intensity on interannual variation in summer rainfall has not been systematically studied. The present study investigates the effect of the EAWJ’s intensity on this interannual variation and analyzes the mechanism by which this process occurs. In early summer, the EAWJ consists of two branches: one located over northern continental East Asia [western branch (EAWJWB)] and one extending from southern China to the northern Pacific [eastern branch (EAWJEB)]. The former merges into the latter over the Yellow Sea. A stronger EAWJEB leads to increased rainfall in the YRV, while the EAWJWB does not significantly affect rainfall in the YRV. The faster EAWJEB directly strengthens midtropospheric warm advection over the YRV because the corresponding changes in the meridional wind and horizontal temperature gradient are insignificant. The strengthened warm advection increases rainfall in the YRV by accelerating both adiabatic ascent and the ascent associated with diabatic heating primarily generated by convection. In midsummer, the EAWJ has no branches and is located over the midlatitudes of Asia. The strengthening of the EAWJ reduces rainfall in the YRV in midsummer through the Pacific–Japan (PJ) pattern. As the EAWJ strengthens, the PJ pattern turns to its positive phase. This results in the deceleration of the midtropospheric westerly wind and a reduction in the meridional temperature contrast, which weakens midtropospheric warm advection. The weakened warm advection in turn reduces rainfall in the YRV, following the process outlined for early summer.
Ocean Convective Available Potential Energy. Part II: Energetics of Thermobaric Convection and Thermobaric Cabbeling
Authors: Su Zhan , Ingersoll Andrew P. , Stewart Andrew L. , Thompson Andrew F.
Published: January 2016

The energetics of thermobaricity- and cabbeling-powered deep convection occurring in oceans with cold freshwater overlying warm salty water are investigated here. These quasi-two-layer profiles are widely observed in wintertime polar oceans. The key diagnostic is the ocean convective available potential energy (OCAPE), a concept introduced in a companion piece to this paper (Part I). For an isolated ocean column, OCAPE arises from thermobaricity and is the maximum potential energy (PE) that can be converted into kinetic energy (KE) under adiabatic vertical parcel rearrangements. This study explores the KE budget of convection using two-dimensional numerical simulations and analytical estimates. The authors find that OCAPE is a principal source for KE. However, the complete conversion of OCAPE to KE is inhibited by diabatic processes. Further, this study finds that diabatic processes produce three other distinct contributions to the KE budget: (i) a sink of KE due to the reduction of stratification by vertical mixing, which raises water column’s center of mass and thus acts to convert KE to PE; (ii) a source of KE due to cabbeling-induced shrinking of the water column’s volume when water masses with different temperatures are mixed, which lowers the water column’s center of mass and thus acts to convert PE into KE; and (iii) a reduced production of KE due to diabatic energy conversion of the KE convertible part of the PE to the KE inconvertible part of the PE. Under some simplifying assumptions, the authors also propose a theory to estimate the maximum depth of convection from an energetic perspective. This study provides a potential basis for improving the convection parameterization in ocean models.
Assessing Set-Theoretic Comparative Methods
Authors: Munck Gerardo L.
Published: January 2016

Set-theoretic comparative methods (STCM) have some appeal, but these methods as well as claims about these methods are deeply problematic. The most basic problem is that these methods reduce causation to a logical relation and erroneously posit that causal hypotheses can be formalized as a relation of material implication. In addition, advocated of STCM commonly misrepresent their relationship to quantitative and qualitative methods. STCM and standard regression analysis are not incommensurable methods. Moreover, STCM actually clash with process tracing, a method used by qualitative researchers. Thus, qualitative comparativists should not use STCM, and the discussion about social science methods should turn from STCM to other, more promising options.
Tracking Violence
Authors: Morgan Rachel E. , Jasinski Jana L.
Published: January 2016

Social disorganization theory proposes that specific neighborhood characteristics contribute to an increase in crime rates. In a disorganized community, informal social controls are not present; therefore, crime and delinquency flourish. Researchers have focused on these measures of social disorganization and the ability to explain public crimes. Recently, researchers have focused their attention to characteristics of socially disorganized areas and their ability to predict private crimes, such as domestic violence. This study contributes to the research on domestic violence and its applicability to social disorganization theory by examining domestic violence in Chicago neighborhoods and Illinois counties. Results indicate that different measures of social disorganization are significantly associated with domestic violence at different units of analysis.
Cohesion, consensus, and conflict: Technocratic elites and financial crisis in Mexico and Argentina
Authors: Van Gunten Tod S
Published: January 2016

Observers of economic policy-making in developing countries often suggest that consensus and cohesion within technocratic policy elites facilitate the implementation and consolidation of reforms, but have not clearly defined these terms or the relationship between them. Likewise, political sociologists argue that social networks account for elite cohesion, but have not adequately specified the relevant structural properties of these networks. This article argues that structural network cohesion facilitates elite consensus formation by enabling cooperation, while fragmented networks promote competition between factions and hence conflict. I support this hypothesis empirically by examining two cases in which elite consensus was severely challenged by financial crises: Mexico and Argentina. Mexican policy elites sustained consensus throughout the crisis, whereas conflict plagued the Argentine elite. Likewise, while the Mexican technocratic elite is highly cohesive, the Argentine elite is fragmented and factionalized. I document this hypothesis using a mixed-methods approach that embeds an analysis of elite networks within a comparative analysis of policy-making patterns drawing on extensive fieldwork in both countries.
Popular Support, Violence, and Territorial Control in Civil War
Authors: Rueda Miguel R.
Published: January 2016

I study civilians’ cooperation with an armed group in an irregular war. In the model, civilians differ in their valuation of siding with the armed group and make cooperation decisions without knowing others’ motivations or cooperation choices. I find that a superior military force is not sufficient to bring high cooperation and that full cooperation can only be attained if military power is complemented by expectations of punishment for helping the enemy. The model challenges the idea that random violence aimed at punishing enemy cooperators is used when selectivity is difficult to implement, and it shows that indiscriminate reprisals induce lower levels of cooperation, even when enemy cooperators are less likely to be punished with selective methods. Finally, I find that communities that have a highly centralized process of decision making are expected to give their support to only one group of combatants and to be exposed to less violence.
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Is Prospectively Associated With Early Trajectories of Acculturation Among New International Students
Authors: Doucerain Marina M. , Deschênes Sonya S. , Aubé Karine , Ryder Andrew G. , Gouin Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2016

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is a marker of parasympathetic activity hypothesized to index a neurophysiological system supporting social engagement behaviors. Following migration, people must navigate and adapt to a new sociocultural environment. Whether RSA affects this psychological acculturation process is unknown. This longitudinal study investigated whether resting RSA on arrival in the receiving country was related to changes in cultural orientations toward both mainstream and heritage cultural groups during the first 5 months following migration. Sixty new international students provided information on their cultural orientations toward the mainstream and heritage cultural groups shortly after arrival in the new country and 2 and 5 months after the first assessment. Results indicated that both heritage and mainstream orientations increased linearly over time. Furthermore, greater resting RSA at baseline was prospectively associated with larger increases in positive orientation toward the mainstream culture but not the heritage culture, over and above individual differences in extraversion, depression, and anxiety. These data provide longitudinal evidence that higher RSA promotes an approach-oriented stance toward a novel cultural environment.
Agglomeration, accessibility and productivity: Evidence for large metropolitan areas in the US
Authors: Melo Patricia C , Graham Daniel J , Levinson David , Aarabi Sarah
Published: January 2016

This paper estimates the productivity gains from agglomeration economies for a sample of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States using measures of urban agglomeration based on employment density and employment accessibility. The latter is a more accurate measure of economic proximity and allows testing for the spatial decay of agglomeration effects with increasing travel time. We find that the productivity gains from urban agglomeration are consistent between measures, with elasticity values between 0.07 and 0.10. The large majority of the productivity gains occur within the first 20 minutes, and do not appear to exhibit significant nonlinearities.
The Grammar of Indifference: Tocqueville and the Language of Democracy
Authors: Avramenko Richard
Published: January 2016

This essay analyzes what Alexis de Tocqueville calls an “application of linguistics to history.” Beginning with Tocqueville’s position that language is the ground of meaningful bonds between people, I argue that the internal logic of a language—the grammar—is correlated with the internal logic governing the social order that both begets and is begotten by that language. Social orders therefore have both linguistic and political grammars and, as the internal logic of language changes, so too can the political grammar. This essay thus traces what Tocqueville envisions as the historical importance of language: from the language of aristocracy and the grammar of difference, to revolutionary language and the grammar of concurrence, to democratic language and the grammar of indifference. It concludes with Tocqueville’s suggestion of how good grammar might be taught in democratic ages.
Sanitaristas, Petistas, and the Post-Neoliberal Public Health State in Porto Alegre
Authors: Gibson Christopher L.
Published: January 2016

Scholars of the post-neoliberal state in Latin America commonly trace universal social policies to ruling left parties and deepened democracy. Yet, such accounts often overlook how subnational politics in highly decentralized democracies like Brazil’s can mediate this relationship. Examining such politics in the Brazilian município of Porto Alegre since 1988 suggests that structural constraints and competing programmatic agendas of Partido dos Trabalhadores (Workers’ Party—PT) governments complicated expansion of the public health sector. The município’s surprisingly modest delivery of such services is traceable to enduring deemphasis on critical dimensions of state building in this sector by several PT administrations and the integration of civil society actors into multiple participatory governance institutions with little power over this process. Even in such contexts, far-reaching participatory democratic institutions are no panacea for fulfilling the universal social policy ambitions of local post-neoliberal states that depend heavily upon high-level political appointees for their effectiveness.

Estudiosos do Estado pós-neoliberal na América Latina frequentemente associam políticas sociais universais aos partidos governantes de esquerda e à solidificação da democracia. Contudo, tais narrativas ignoram como a política subnacional em democracias muito descentralizadas, como a brasileira, mediam esse relacionamento. Um exame dessa dinâmica política no município de Porto Alegre desde 1988 sugere que restrições estruturais e agendas programáticas competitivas de governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) ampliou a complexidade de expansão do setor de saúde pública. A modesta oferta de serviços de saúde naquele município pode ser atribuída a um esvaziamento contínuo das dimensões criticas da ingerencia do Estado nesse setor por parte de várias administrações petistas e à integração de atores da sociedade civil em múltiplas instituições de governança participatória com pouco poder de decisão sobre tal processo. Mesmo nesses contextos, instituições democráticas com alcance amplo não constituem uma panacéia que realize as ambições sociais universais de Estados locais pós-neoliberais, os quais dependem muito de políticos do alto escalão em cargos comissionados para serem eficientes.
The economic, social and ontological security of Polish post-accession migrants in popular media narratives
Authors: Dzięglewski Mariusz
Published: January 2016

The article is based on extensive analysis of the general assumptions on the Polish post-accession migrants’ trajectories imprinted within the narratives of popular TV programmes. The depiction of migrants in the Polish media is analysed in reference to Alfred Schütz’s figures of the Stranger and the Homecomer as metaphors of the very situation of being a migrant. The empirical data come from two popular Polish productions: the docu-soap ‘Wyjechani’ (The Leavers) and the soap opera ‘Londyńczycy’ (The Londoners) in which we identified 59 migrant characters. The analysis of the narratives of their life trajectory leads one to the conclusion that migration from Poland is depicted as a source of an individual’s feeling of insecurity at the economic, social or ontological level. The article reveals the representations of migrants’ career mobility abroad, the relations to their co-ethnics and the indigenous population, and their sense of cultural identity. The final result of the study is a conceptual map with the general assumptions on migrants’ economic, social and ontological security imprinted in media narratives.
Risk Stratification and Shared Decision Making for Colorectal Cancer Screening
Authors: Schroy Paul C. , Duhovic Emir , Chen Clara A. , Heeren Timothy C. , Lopez William , Apodaca Danielle L. , Wong John B.
Published: January 2016

Background. Eliciting patient preferences within the context of shared decision making has been advocated for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, yet providers often fail to comply with patient preferences that differ from their own. Purpose. To determine whether risk stratification for advanced colorectal neoplasia (ACN) influences provider willingness to comply with patient preferences when selecting a desired CRC screening option. Design. Randomized controlled trial. Setting/Participants. Asymptomatic, average-risk patients due for CRC screening in an urban safety net health care setting. Intervention. Patients were randomized 1:1 to a decision aid alone ( n = 168) or decision aid plus risk assessment ( n = 173) arm between September 2012 and September 2014. Outcomes. The primary outcome was concordance between patient preference and test ordered; secondary outcomes included patient satisfaction with the decision-making process, screening intentions, test completion rates, and provider satisfaction. Results. Although providers perceived risk stratification to be useful in selecting an appropriate screening test for their average-risk patients, no significant differences in concordance were observed between the decision aid alone and decision aid plus risk assessment groups (88.1% v. 85.0%, P = 0.40) or high- and low-risk groups (84.5% v. 87.1%, P = 0.51). Concordance was highest for colonoscopy and relatively low for tests other than colonoscopy, regardless of study arm or risk group. Failure to comply with patient preferences was negatively associated with satisfaction with the decision-making process, screening intentions, and test completion rates. Limitations. Single-institution setting; lack of provider education about the utility of risk stratification into their decision making. Conclusions. Providers perceived risk stratification to be useful in their decision making but often failed to comply with patient preferences for tests other than colonoscopy, even among those deemed to be at low risk of ACN.
What Strategies Do Physicians and Patients Discuss to Reduce Out-of-Pocket Costs? Analysis of Cost-Saving Strategies in 1,755 Outpatient Clinic Visits
Authors: Hunter Wynn G. , Zhang Cecilia Z. , Hesson Ashley , Davis J. Kelly , Kirby Christine , Williamson Lillie D. , Barnett Jamison A. , Ubel Peter A.
Published: January 2016

Background. More than 1 in 4 Americans report difficulty paying medical bills. Cost-reducing strategies discussed during outpatient physician visits remain poorly characterized. Objective. We sought to determine how often patients and physicians discuss health care costs during outpatient visits and what strategies, if any, they discussed to lower patient out-of-pocket costs. Design. Retrospective analysis of dialogue from 1,755 outpatient visits in community-based practices nationwide from 2010 to 2014. The study population included 677 patients with breast cancer, 422 with depression, and 656 with rheumatoid arthritis visiting 56 oncologists, 36 psychiatrists, and 26 rheumatologists, respectively. Results. Thirty percent of visits contained cost conversations (95% confidence interval [CI], 28 to 32). Forty-four percent of cost conversations involved discussion of cost-saving strategies (95% CI, 40 to 48; median duration, 68 s). We identified 4 strategies to lower costs without changing the care plan. They were, in order of overall frequency: 1) changing logistics of care, 2) facilitating co-pay assistance, 3) providing free samples, and 4) changing/adding insurance plans. We also identified 4 strategies to reduce costs by changing the care plan: 1) switching to lower-cost alternative therapy/diagnostic, 2) switching from brand name to generic, 3) changing dosage/frequency, and 4) stopping/withholding interventions. Strategies were relatively consistent across health conditions, except for switching to a lower-cost alternative (more common in breast oncology) and providing free samples (more common in depression). Limitation. Focus on 3 conditions with potentially high out-of-pocket costs. Conclusions. Despite price opacity, physicians and patients discuss a variety of out-of-pocket cost reduction strategies during clinic visits. Almost half of cost discussions mention 1 or more cost-saving strategies, with more frequent mention of those not requiring care-plan changes.
Hippies, Hummer Owners, and People Like Me
Authors: Barnhart Michelle , Mish Jenny
Published: January 2016

This research investigates ways American consumers utilize stereotyping to reconcile environmental and social values with the Dominant Social Paradigm (DSP). We examine stereotypes of two groups, consumers who are exceptionally concerned about environmental and social effects of their consumption and unconcerned consumers, as constructed by 22 informants who (1) have purchased products which could be considered green, humane, or socially responsible and (2) identify as “normal,” “average,” or “in-between” relative to the two groups. Adopting a socio-political approach to stereotyping, we examine informants’ conceptualizations of normal and abnormal beliefs, values, and practices and explicate four ways informants reconcile inconsistent values and norms. We contribute understanding of consumers’ DSP reproduction processes to previous work on the DSP, understanding of ways consumers use stereotyping to reconcile their values and behaviors to research on the infrequency of ethical consumption, and evidence supporting previous assertions that green consumption may be counterproductive to sustainability.