bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ECTTLNER: An Effective Cross-Task Transferring Learning Method for Low-Resource Named Entity Recognition
Authors: Xu Yiwu , Chen Yun
Published: August 2024

Named entity recognition (NER) is an important task in natural language processing that affects the performance of its downstream tasks. Cross-task transfer learning (CTTLNER) is more naturally suited for low-resource NER compared to cross-language transfer learning (CLTLNER) and cross-domain transfer learning (CDTLNER). Existing CTTLNER methods improve the performance of low-resource NER by leveraging relevant information from other auxiliary tasks, such as sentence-level or token-level information. However, these methods do not fully exploit token-level information of entities, resulting in room for improvement in low-resource NER. In order to improve the performance of low-resource NER, this paper proposes a simple and effective cross-task transfer learning method ECTTLNER, which introduces Sentence Contains Entities (SCE), Sentence Entity Number (SEN), Token Is Entity (TIE), and Token Boundary Label (TBL) prediction tasks to NER and performs multi-task learning together with the main sequence labeling (SEQLAB) task. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets demonstrate that ECTTLNER outperforms a set of state-of-the-art baseline models and achieves more than 2.6% improvement of F1-score in low-resource scenarios.
Mechanism of Ag-enhanced Bi2Fe4O9 photocatalytic Fenton system for inactivation of marine microorganisms
Authors: Song Yulin , Ma Haoyang , An Jiayu , Zhan Su , Jiang Wenjun , Zhou Feng
Published: August 2024

In this work, Ag was loaded on the surface of Bi2Fe4O9 to constitute a composite photocatalyst by a photo-reduction method. Under visible light irradiation and accompanied by a small amount of H2O2 assisted to constitute a photocatalytic-Fenton coupling system, the highest sterilization rate of BFO-Ag-1 was obtained through sterilization experiments, and the sterilization rate after 30 min light irradiation reached 90.8%. This was mainly due to the fact that the silver loading not only improved the Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle and H2O2 utilization efficiency, but also resulted in a positive shift of the valence band potential of the photocatalyst and an increase in the charge separation efficiency. Comprehensive radical trapping experiments showed that •OH and holes were the main active substances for inactivating marine microorganisms. In this work, by loading Ag nanoparticles on the surface of Bi2Fe4O9, the efficiency of the effective conversion of H2O2 to •OH was improved, which provided a new idea for the development of photocatalytic-Fenton coupling technology and ballast water treatment.
Design of a Computational Intelligence System for Detection of Multiple Sclerosis with Visual Evoked Potentials
Authors: Mohsenpourian Moussa , Suratgar Amir Abolfazl , Talebi Heidar Ali , Arzani Mahsa , Moghadasi Abdorreza Naser , Malakouti Seyed Matin , Menhaj Mohammad Bagher
Published: August 2024

In this study, a new approach for modification of membership functions of a fuzzy inference system (FIS) is demonstrated, in order to serve as a pattern recognition tool for classification of patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) from healthy controls (HC) using their visually evoked potential (VEP) recordings. The new approach utilizes Krill Herd (KH) optimization algorithm to modify parameters associated with membership functions of both inputs and outputs of an initial Sugeno-type FIS, while making sure that the error corresponding to training of the network is minimized. This novel pattern recognition system is applied for classification of VEP signals in 11 MS patients and 11 HC’s. A feature extraction routine was performed on the VEP signals, and later substantial features were selected in an optimized feature subset selection scheme employing Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms. This alone provided further information regarding clinical value of many previously unused VEP features as an aide for making the diagnosis. The newly designed computational intelligence system is shown to outperform popular classifiers (e.g., multilayer perceptron, support-vector machine, etc.) and was able to distinguish MS patients from HC’s with an overall accuracy of 90%.
Development and Characterization of Lansoprazole Nanosponges for Enhanced Solubility and Controlled Drug Release
Authors: PATEL ADIL , PATEL RICHA
Published: August 2024

This study presents the preparation and characterization of Lansoprazole nanosponges using soluble chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and Pluronic F68 via the emulsion solvent diffusion method. The nanosponges were formulated to enhance the drug's solubility and controlled release profile. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the transition of Lansoprazole to an amorphous state, indicating uniform distribution within the nanosponge matrix. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed spherical, porous nanosponges. Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) analysis showed an average particle size of 332.4 nm with a moderate polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.52, while zeta potential measurements indicated moderate stability with a value of -15.3 mV. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the entrapment of Lansoprazole without significant interactions with the polymers. The in vitro drug release study demonstrated a controlled and sustained release profile, achieving nearly complete drug release over 11 hours. These findings suggest that the prepared Lansoprazole nanosponges possess the desired characteristics for potential therapeutic applications, offering improved solubility, stability, and a controlled release mechanism.
Celastrol combined with curcumin inhibits proliferation and causes cell death in nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 cell line by inducing ferroptosis
Authors: Feng Tao , Luo Yinjun , Zhang Xin , Fang Ziyang , Li Ying , Ma Shijing , Wei Jingting , Fang Xiaoyan , Li Biao , Wang Jinhua , Liao Suchan
Published: August 2024

Background
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly invasive form of head and neck cancer that arises from nasopharyngeal epithelial cells. The treatment of advanced NPC with radiotherapy presents significant challenges due to cellular resistance, which has spurred interest in natural small molecule drugs. Celastrol and curcumin, both derived from plants, have exhibited anti-tumor properties. However, the clinical development of celastrol is hindered by its low bioavailability and associated toxic side effects, while curcumin, although non-toxic, also suffers from limited bioavailability. The combination of drugs is a fundamental principle of traditional Chinese medicine, as it enhances therapeutic efficacy while reducing toxicity, suggesting a potential synergistic use of celastrol and curcumin. Furthermore, ferroptosis is crucial for tumor cell death. Consequently, our study aims to investigate whether the combination of celastrol and curcumin can induce ferroptosis in NPC cells and assess its antiproliferative effects.
Methods
Human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines were used for in vitro cell analysis. CCK8 was used to evaluate the effect of treatment with different concentrations of Celastrol and curmin on cell viability in a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE1 cell line. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial membrane potential were detected to determine mitochondrial oxidative stress and function. Western blot was used to detect apoptosis, autophagy and ferritin-related proteins expression.
Results
The combination of celastrol and curcumin exhibited a more pronounced antiproliferative effect on CNE1 cells. Following treatment with these compounds, mitochondria generated substantial amounts of reactive oxygen species, resulting in impaired mitochondrial function. Moreover, the cell death induced by the combination of celastrol and curcumin was found to be independent of apoptosis, instead, it was correlated with increased cellular autophagy, enhanced mitochondrial fission, and the induction of ferroptosis.
Conclusion
Low doses of celastrol combined with curcumin exhibited a greater inhibition of CNE1 cell growth compared to curcumin alone. This enhanced efficacy of the combination therapy is likely attributable to its effects on mitochondrial fission and the induction of ferroptosis.
Epidemiological Study and Physiological Analysis of Snakebite Envenoming in China Northern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region-a Retrospective Study
Authors: Li Yong , Zeng Guifen , Gu Lantao , Mu Suwan , Wei Miaoling , Wei Liuqing , Luo Bin , Yu Honghao H. , Xu Baoling L.
Published: August 2024

Background
Snakebite causing huge social costs worldwide. However, no systematic report of snake injuries in China Northern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region until now. In this study, the details of patients with snake bites were retrospectively retrieved and reviewed. Details regarding age, gender, site of snake bites, consciousness, outcome and clinical features at the time of presentation to the hospital.
Methods
Data were extracted from the emergency department (2019-2021), epidemiological study and physiological analysis were performed.
Results
Our data showed that the majority of the bites were from Deinagkistrodon acutus(Da) and Protobothrops mucrosquamatus(Pm), respectively, accounting for 42.37% and 33.33%. 40.11% of snakebites occur in fields, 37.85% in areas neighboring houses, and 14.69% in mountains. Most bite victims were between 50 -70 years old (52.54%). The mean age was 57.32±15.12 years. There were 120 (67.80%) male victims, while 57 (32.20%) were females. For 93.22% of the patients, the site of bite was in the lower limbs, 6.21% in upper limbs and in 0.56% cases, it was in the head region. In terms of blood coagulation function, 69.33% (Da) and 91.53% (Pm) patients had normal Prothrombin Time (PT). A significant number of patients (30.66%) with Da bites had increased Prothrombin Time, while Pm only caused 8.47% of the individuals to have such an effect. The influence of Da and Pm bites on White Blood Cells (WBC) count showed an upward trend, with percentages of 41.33% and 61.02%, respectively. A similar trend was observed for neutrophils (48%/61.02%). The venom of both the species had similar effects on K+, Na+, Ca2+and Mg2+ (Normal rate (Da/Pm): 72%/71.19%, 100%/96.61%, 84%/83.05%, 68%/66.10%) in vivo. CreatineKinase-MB (CK-M b), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level in patients with snake injuries were the most abnormal (Normal rate (Da/Pm): 73.33%/62.71%), while the impact on Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and albumin was relatively smaller (Normal rate (Da/Pm): 86.67%/91.53%, 90.67%/83.05%, 90.67%/83.05%).
Conclusions
The majority of the snakebites in China Northern Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were from Deinagkistrodon acutus(Da) and Protobothrops mucrosquamatus(Pm), mostly occurs in fields/neighboring houses/ mountains. Most bite victims were between 50-70 years old. Da and Pm bites showed marked physiological variation, the treatment and monitoring after snakebites should be comprehensive and personalized.
Green and low-cost method for selenium analysis in beans by Photochemical Vapor Generation coupled to Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (PVG-AAS)
Authors: Aragão Ana Clara C. , Brito Jane Kelly S. , Ferreira Felipe S. , Lopes Gisele S.
Published: August 2024

Selenium is an essential element and the main source of it is food. The ingestion of food rich in this element as nuts (Brazil nuts) is important to keep the body healthy. In this work, the development of a green and low-cost methodology for selenium analysis in beans was carried out using the photochemical vapor generation method coupled to atomic absorption spectrometry. The efficiency of the photochemical vapor generation (PVG) was optimized by evaluating the experimental conditions, such as: type and concentration of the organic acid, flow rate of the carrier gas and sample UV irradiation time. The formation of volatile species was more efficient using 6% v v− 1 acetic acid, carrier gas flow rate of 10 mL min− 1 and 20 s UV irradiation time. The method of standard addition calibration curves was performed to analyze total Se in green bean samples acquired in the market of different cities of northeast and north regions of Brazil. The accuracy of the proposed method was tested comparing results for Se content with hydride generation (HG) in a sample of Ceara state. The analyzed samples showed total Se content varying from 0.9 to 2.2 mg kg− 1 in dry matter of green beans. The amount of Se found in green beans is within the expected range when compared to other types of beans reported in the literature.
Numerical model for two dimensional temperature distribution in photovoltaic panels with experimental validation
Authors: KADYRI ABBES , ASSAID EL MAHDI , KANDOUSSI KHALID , SOUHAR OTMANE
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we harness fully-explicit finite difference methods to meticulously model and analyze the thermal dynamics within a photovoltaic (PV) module’s stratified architecture. Delving into the thermal progression across the module, we solve the conductive heat transfer equation to unravel the intricate patterns of temperature fluctuation, aiming to elucidate the thermal behavior and its influence on the module’s efficiency. Our investigation traverses the multi-layered composition of a standard solar panel, dissecting its assembly from the protective glass cover to the semiconductor layers, and down to the substrate and Tedlar backsheet. Each constituent is characterized by unique thermal attributes, critically shaping the internal thermal landscape of the module.
The boundary conditions employed in our model, which include combined convection and radiation on the front surface and convection at the rear, play a crucial role in accurately simulating the heat transfer processes. To validate the performance of our approach, we conducted an empirical comparison by juxtaposing the temperature profiles derived from the finite difference method at the Tedlar layer against real-world measurements across varied irradiance scenarios. The validation process involved calculating statistical indices such as NMSE, MRSE, COR, FB, FS, MG, and VG, which demonstrated a strong agreement between our model and observed data, confirming the robustness and accuracy of our numerical approach.
Development and testing of two simple metaphor-free optimization algorithms for solving real-life nonconvex constrained and unconstrained engineering problems
Authors: RAO RAVIPUDI VENKATA , SHAH RAVIKUMAR
Published: August 2024

Two simple yet powerful optimization algorithms, named the Best-Mean-Random (BMR) and Best-Worst-Random (BWR) algorithms, are developed and presented in this paper to handle both constrained and unconstrained optimization problems. These algorithms are free of metaphors and algorithm-specific parameters. The BMR algorithm is based on the best, mean, and random solutions of the population generated for solving a given problem, and the BWR algorithm is based on the best, worst, and random solutions. The performances of the proposed two algorithms are investigated by implementing them on 26 real-life nonconvex constrained optimization problems given in the Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC) 2020 competition, and comparisons are made with those of the other prominent optimization algorithms. The performances on 12 constrained engineering problems are also investigated, and the results are compared with those of very recent algorithms (in some cases, compared with more than 30 algorithms). Furthermore, computational experiments are conducted on 30 unconstrained standard benchmark optimization problems, including 5 recently developed benchmark problems with distinct characteristics. The results demonstrated the superior competitiveness and superiority of the proposed simple algorithms. The optimization research community may gain an advantage by adapting these algorithms to solve various constrained and unconstrained real-life optimization problems across various scientific and engineering disciplines.
The Self-Biasing Current Generator: A Useful Transconductance Cell
Authors: Akbari Meysam
Published: August 2024

This brief presents a bulk-driven transconductance cell using a basic self-biasing current generator circuit. The proposed cell employs two N-type and P-type current mirrors to form a positive feedback structure. The circuit is adaptively biased by diode-connected topologies of the current mirrors. The bulk terminals of the P-type transistors act as the input nodes to employ the proposed circuit as a transconductance cell. Thanks to its symmetrical self-biasing topology, a tailed double-output differential structure is achieved. An additional current source is also used to ensure the stability and adjust the amount of the produced transconductance. The circuit is simulated using a 0.18-µm CMOS technology to verify its operation.
Practitioners' perspectives on unintended effects of illicit drug prevention public service announcements (PSAs) in Australia
Authors: Munro Kirsteen , Bogomolova Svetlana , Simmonds Lucy
Published: August 2024

Public service announcements (PSAs) or campaigns aimed at preventing harm can inadvertently risk creating additional harms. It remains unclear whether these unintended effects are considered during campaign development, if risk mitigation strategies are implemented, or how professionals involved perceive these issues. It is in the context of illicit drug prevention PSAs that our research investigates and explores the perspectives of practitioners – health support professionals and campaign designers and creators. Semi-structured expert interviews were conducted to capture and synthesise practitioners’ perspectives which were then analysed by applying a framework to address the unintended harms of public health interventions. The results indicated that practitioners from both sectors are aware of unintended harms but place varying levels of importance on different aspects. In the case of illicit drug prevention PSAs, incorporating practitioners’ perspectives in campaign development may result in mitigating the risk of potential unintended harmful effects.
The use of ChatGPT in assessment
Authors: Kanık Mehmet
Published: August 2024

ChatGPT has surged interest to cause people to look for its use in different tasks. However, before allowing it to replace humans, its capabilities should be investigated. As ChatGPT has potential for use in testing and assessment, this study aims to investigate the questions generated by ChatGPT by comparing them to those written by a course instructor. To investigate this issue, this study involved 36 junior students who took a practice test including 20 multiple-choice items generated by ChatGPT and 20 others by the course instructor, resulting in a 40-item test. Results indicate that there was an acceptable degree of consistency between the ChatGPT and the course instructor. Post-hoc analyses point to consistency between the instructor and the chatbot in item difficulty, yet the chatbot’s results were weaker in item discrimination power and distractor analysis. This indicates that ChatGPT can potentially generate multiple-choice exams similar to those of the course instructor.
An investigation into the effect of different missing data imputation methods on IRT-based differential item functioning
Authors: Ünal Fatma , Koğar Hakan
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of missing data imputation methods, namely regression imputation (RI), multiple imputation (MI) and k-nearest neighbor (kNN) on differential item functioning (DIF). In this regard, the datasets used in the research were created by deleting some of the data via the missing completely at random mechanism from the complete datasets obtained from 600 students in Türkiye, the United Kingdom, the USA, New Zealand and Australia, who answered booklets 14 and 15 from the PISA 2018 science literacy test. Data imputation was applied to the datasets through missing data using RI, MI and kNN methods and DIF analysis was performed on all datasets in terms of language and gender variables via Lord’s χ2 method, Raju’s area measurement method and item response theory likelihood ratio method. DIF results from the complete datasets were taken as a reference and they were compared with the results from other datasets. As a result of the research, values close to 10% of accurate imputation were achieved in the RI method depending on language and gen-der variables. In MI and kNN methods, results closest to the complete datasets were obtained at a rate of 5% depending on the language variable. In the MI method, inaccurate results were obtained in all proportions in terms of the gender variable. For the gender variable, the kNN method gave accurate results at rates of 5% and 10%.
Harmonizing perspectives to understand attitudes: A mixed methods approach to crafting an assessment literacy attitude scale
Authors: Aksu Beyza , Wind Stefanie , Demir Mehmet Can
Published: August 2024

Assessment literacy's vital role in faculty effectiveness within higher education lacks sufficient tools for measuring faculty attitudes on this matter. Employing a sequential mixed-methods approach, this study utilized the theory of planned behavior to develop the Assessment Literacy Attitude Scale (ALAS) and evaluate its psychometric properties within the U.S. higher education context. The qualitative phase involved a literature review of relevant studies and existing self-report measures, interviews with stakeholders, and panel reviews to shape initial item development. Following the establishment of a conceptual foundation and a comprehensive overview of the scale's construction, our study advanced to the quantitative stage that involves factor analytical and item response theory approaches using data from 260 faculty across three public universities in the U.S. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was employed initially to obtain preliminary insights into the scale's factorial structure and dimensionality. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was subsequently applied with separate data and the findings largely supported the conclusions from the EFA. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in 15 items loading across two factors in a good model fit range. Finally, we used nonparametric item response theory (IRT) techniques based on Mokken Scale Analysis (MSA) to evaluate individual items for evidence of effective psychometric properties to support the interpretation of ALAS scores, including monotonicity, scalability, and invariant item ordering. The newly-developed scale shows promise in assessing faculty attitudes toward enhancing their assessment literacy.
Comparative analysis of monetary functions in Islamic and conventional economic systems
Authors: Fatmawati Farida
Published: August 2024

The article investigates the distinction between the functions and perceptions of money within Islamic and conventional economic systems. The purpose of the study is to elucidate the Islamic principles governing the use of money, highlighting the fundamental differences from conventional views and their implications for modern economies. The methodology employed is a qualitative approach with descriptive-analytical methods, incorporating primary sources from classical Islamic scholars and contemporary experts, as well as secondary data from relevant academic literature. The findings reveal that, unlike in conventional economics where money can be treated as a commodity, Islamic economics defines money strictly as a medium of exchange and a standard of value, not for hoarding or speculative purposes. This research underscores the necessity of adhering to Sharia principles to ensure a just and sustainable economic system. The implications suggest a re-evaluation of modern financial practices to align more closely with Islamic economic teachings, promoting ethical financial behavior and Indonesia.Keywords: Islamic economics; money functions; Sharia principles; conventional economics.
Scientific popularization as a social and communicative practice: The expression of resistance in the media text
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Duskaeva Lilia R. , Ivanova Liubov Yu. ,   St. Petersburg State University, Puyu Anatoly S. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: August 2024

Speech factors for ensuring popular science media communication stability are analyzed, which are aimed for preventing communicative threats such as distrust to information, doubt of invention’s novelty and usefulness, misunderstanding of an explanation, lack of interest in the message, and skepticism about scientific knowledge. To prevent communicative threats, a media text acquires an objecting potential, which has been called text resistance. The media speech resistance is explicated in metatext, i. e. a subtext formation created by multi-level linguistic means to convey information about the content and nature of the author’s response to hypothetical communicative “impedance” of an addressee. While studying text resistance markers, variable responding strategies to an addressee impedance were found. Having expanded the concept of resistance, the typological method used showed that in each popularization strategy — informing, counseling, enlightenment, promotion — the hypothesis of a “impeding” addressee is formed and specific strategy for achieving resistance dominates. In order to increase reliability of presentation, a news source is demonstrated, which is repeatedly attested, and novelty and usefulness of covered scientific discovery are emphasized to reduce possible skepticism. While consulting, it is important the popular science mass audience to make understand scientific information, for this logic of explanation is demonstrated, and this mode of speech interaction is maintained throughout an explanation. In enlightenment, an emotional modus framework of interest in the socially significant scientific narrative about an outstanding scientist is created, thereby a cognitive impulse for an addressee’s semantic field expansion is formed. Scientists are shown worthy of memory and admiration, so a narrative is built in a pathetic and respectful modus framework. The success of promotional communication is ensured by the means of organizing personality-oriented communication, which help to create an atmosphere of reasoned evidence-based communication with a competent addressee. These methods contribute to elasticity and stability of communication.
Application of SA-Conv1D-BiGRU model for streamflow prediction in southern Ethiopia
Authors: Mena Nahom Bekele
Published: August 2024

Streamflow prediction offers crucial information for managing water resources, flood control, and hydropower generation. Yet, reliable streamflow prediction is challenging due to the complexity and nonlinearity of the rainfall-runoff relationship. This study investigated the comparative performance of the newly integrated self-attention-based deep learning (DL) model, SA-Conv1D-BiGRU with Conv1D-LSTM, and bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) models for streamflow prediction under different time-series conditions, and a range of variable input combinations based on flood events. All datasets passed quality control procedures, and the time lag for generating input series was established through Pearson correlation analysis. 80% of the data was used for training, whereas 20% was used to evaluate the model's performance. The performance of the models was evaluated using three metrics: mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE), and correlation coefficient (R2). The findings reveal the excellent potential of DL models for streamflow prediction, with the SA-Conv1D-BiGRU model outperforming other models under different time-series characteristics. Despite the complexity, the Conv1D-LSTM models did not outperform the Bi-LSTM model. In conclusion, the results are condensed into themes of model variability and time-series characteristics. Consequently, different architectures in DL models had a greater influence on streamflow prediction accuracy than input time lags and time-series features.
Differences and variations of drinking water quality between the northern and southern regions of a tropical island and the indicators influenced by meteorological factors
Authors: Gao Yi , Kuang Hui , Huang Meixiang , Zhang Yu , Ye Haimei , Peng Xiaojie , Huang Hairong , Xiao Sha , Long Wenfang
Published: August 2024

Climate change poses a considerable threat to humanity. This study aims to explore the effects of meteorological factors on drinking water quality in urban and rural areas in the tropics. Drinking water was assessed by performing correlation and logistic regression analyses on South China from 2021 to 2023. Results showed that fluorine and chemical oxygen demand were low in the north countryside. The total bacterial count (TBC), sulfate, chloride, manganese, total dissolved solids, arsenic, ferrum, nitrate, total hardness, pH value, and turbidity in the north were higher than those in the rural south. Terminal tap water from northern rivers and southern lakes was significantly affected by meteorological factors (p < 0.05). In general, the microorganisms (r = 0.156–0.737) and trichloromethane (r > 0.633) increased with temperature, odds ratio (OR) > 1. Arsenic increased with temperature in the north rural areas (OR > 1). High levels of nitrate corresponded to increased frequency of extreme rainstorms. Furthermore, trichloromethane, aluminum, nitrate, and TBC were most susceptible to extreme meteorological factors in the tropics. Fluorine from different sources showed inconsistency. Chemical types and dosing or treatment adjustments in water treatment processes may help address deteriorated water quality during extreme weather events.
Epidemiologic Assessment of Scabies: Actuality of Airborne Transmission and Additional Standards to Reduce Spread of Contagion and Reinfestation
Authors: Burkhart Craig G
Published: August 2024

Scabies are caused by parasites that live their entire life within the outer layers of the epidermis. When dislodged either by gravity, friction, motion, wind, or static electricity, they assume great risks to survival. Innate abilities to sense human smell and heat, to move over short distances, and to penetrate the skin quickly allow them a fighting chance to find a new host if they land within 4 inches of a human. Females store sperm, allowing one mite to begin a colony. Transmission is by person-to-person, fomite, and airborne. They are aerodynamic, light, and balloon-shaped, all making airborne transmission easier than previously understood, as well as explaining the dissemination of mites beyond the normal zones of activity of the index case.
Presently, the bulk of the medical literature suggests that transmission from inanimate objects poses little concern in common scabies. However, as mites can navigate through cloth gowns, one might consider protection with more protective garb. Mites cannot penetrate through waterproof clothing, and thus, this attire should be recommended to avoid reinfestation and infesting others. Sofas, chairs, office furniture, and car seats on which an index case might sit need to be covered with plastic sheeting. Given that the half-life of ivermectin is 18 hours and that mites dehydrate within 96 hours, strict transmission controls are only needed for 3 days to avoid reinfestation as well as infesting others.

Key Points

Scabies is an intensely itchy skin rash caused by a burrowing mite that infects the outer layers of the skin.

Scabies is contagious and usually spread by direct, prolonged skin-to-skin contact with an infected person; however, fomite and airborne transmission are also operative.

Precautions should be in place to avoid direct skin-to-skin contact between a patient with scabies and visitors. Water-proof clothing would be advisable, especially in cases involving Norwegian scabies.

Success rates with oral ivermectin would more closely approach 100% if all transmission factors, including fomite and airborne, were addressed.
Correlation between Fatigue and Quality of Life in Adolescent Oncology Patients in Jordan
Authors: Al-Smadi Sajeda , Al-Smadi Fawwaz , Alzayyat Abeer , Al-Momani Siham Mohamad , Al-Tarawneh Abdullah Abdel Razzaq , Majdalawi Majdi M , Al-Shawabkeh Jumanah D.
Published: August 2024

Background

Adolescence represents a distinct and multifaceted developmental stage characterized by profound physical and cognitive transformations. Adolescents undergoing cancer treatment frequently have unique needs that remain unmet, leading to a notable decline in their quality of life. Cancer treatment often results in problems like fatigue, which affects patients' quality of life. Assessing quality of life and fatigue among adolescent cancer patients is essential for enhancing nursing care and improving outcomes.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between fatigue and quality of life among adolescent cancer patients in Jordan.

Methods

A “cross-sectional” study was performed, with the participation of 127 Jordanian adolescent cancer patients, and data was collected through a nameless online survey of Jordanian adolescent cancer patients. The study commenced in February 2024 and concluded in June 2024. Demographic data and responses from two self-reported questionnaires—the Arabic versions of “Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory” “Multidimensional Fatigue Scale” and “Generic Core 4.0”—were collected. Descriptive statistics of means, frequencies, standard deviations, and percentages were used with demographics while inferential statistics were conducted using independent t-tests, Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, and Kruskal-Wallis tests in SPSS, version 26.

Results

Significant and potent correlations were found between various types of fatigue “general, sleep/rest, cognitive, and total” and quality of life “physical, emotional, social, school, psychosocial health”. Notably, the total fatigue scores showed a potent correlation with the total summary scores (r=0.946), with a p-value significant at the <0.001 level for all correlations, indicating that adolescents with cancer experienced high fatigue and low quality of life.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated a potent link between fatigue and quality of life. The study's outcomes can help enhance guidelines for routine evaluation of fatigue and quality of life by nurses and healthcare providers in adolescent cancer patients to implement and evaluate interventions aimed at reducing fatigue in patients, highlighting fatigue as a significant concern. Future research should explore interventions such as exercise, leisure activities, and sleep to alleviate fatigue. Longitudinal research is essential to assess fatigue at diverse times of the day and week; this could help develop tailored fatigue management strategies to augment the quality of life among adolescent oncology patients.
Government public relations strategy in the digital age: Social Media Influencer (SMI) collaboration in building community participation in Madiun Regency
Authors: Salsabila Oka Lintang , Hastjarjo Sri , Satyawan Ignatius Agung
Published: August 2024

The Madiun District Government held the Bulan Timbang Serentak as a step to identify and prevent stunting early on. There is a problem of low participation in the program so a more effective promotion strategy is needed. However, there is a problem of low participation in participating in the program so a more effective promotion strategy is needed. In this case, the public relations department of the Madiun District Government collaborated with social media influencers/SMIs to help the Bulan Timbang Serentak campaign. The purpose of this study is to describe the Madiun Regency Government's Public Relations Strategy in campaigning for Bulan Timbang Serentak with Influencers to build public participation. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study research type. The research data was collected by interviewing authorized officials in the Madiun District Government, namely Madiun District Government Public Relations and one of the SMI account owners with the highest engagement who collaborated in campaigning for the Bulan Timbang Serentak. To explore the strategy, the researcher used the Four Steps of Public Relations Theory (Cutlip et al., 2006). In general, the results showed that the Madiun District Government Public Relations applied the Four Steps of Public Relations in conducting its strategy.
The heartfelt communication model of the 'Gerakan Indonesia Membantu' in enhancing awareness among Indonesian students in China
Authors: Jandevi Uspal , Lestari Puji , Prayudi Prayudi
Published: August 2024

This research aims to discover the latest philanthropic communication model employed by the Gerakan Indonesia Membantu (GIM) organization during their efforts to provide aid to Indonesian students in need in China. The spirit of providing tangible support to Indonesian students from lower-middle economic backgrounds, enabling them to continue their studies in China, inspired the formation of the GIM organization. In fulfilling its mission, GIM communicates with various parties so that Indonesian students in China can help one another, with the hope that all Indonesian students in the country can live decently and concentrate on completing their studies successfully This study evaluates and develops the efforts made by the GIM organization in providing assistance, awareness campaigns, and support to Indonesian students who need help to sustain their lives and complete their studies in China. The research adopts a qualitative approach with a phenomenological research type. Data were collected through interviews, focus group discussions, observations, and documentation. The collected data were then processed and conclusions were drawn. The results of this study show that GIM's awareness activities are not only focused on fundraising but also on building public trust in fund management and fostering a sense of belonging among donors towards Indonesian students in need in China. Further explanations are detailed in nine key points discussed in the findings and discussion chapter of this paper. This paper can serve as a reference for social organization activists with humanitarian visions and missions in conducting fundraising activities. It also provides new insights for scholars studying organizational communication, particularly in relation to philanthropic activities.
Exploring the role of international rankings in the development of institutional public relations strategies
Authors: Ramadhan Hamzah , Sarwono Dian Ayuria
Published: August 2024

The study uncovered that educational institutions cannot exclusively rely on their international ranking achievements to maintain their legitimacy. Universities must prioritize strategic communication to enhance their competitive position in the global education market. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, encompassing in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with a cohort of 37 first-year students attending a private institution. The study revealed that students' decision-making process in selecting a private university was intricate and involved multiple aspects. In addition to rankings, students also considered variables such as parental influence, networking possibilities, and the level of facilities and support services provided by the university. Consequently, colleges should prioritize not only their rankings but also other marketing tactics to recruit students. Although university rankings like QS and Times Higher Education significantly influence the perception of institutions in terms of quality and prestige, it is advisable to adopt a more balanced approach. Access to information via digital platforms, such as websites and social media, has played a critical role in demonstrating the program's and university's reliability. Public relations initiatives, however, have focused on highlighting the excellence of education and the societal obligations of universities in the fiercely competitive higher education sector.
Jung, Winnicott e a psique cindida
Authors: Queiroz Norcirio , Saban Mark
Published: August 2024

Em sua resenha de “Memories Dreams Reflections”, Winnicott diagnosticou Jung como sofrendo de uma cisão psíquica e caracterizou o conteúdo e a estrutura da psicologia analítica como moldados e condicionados principalmente pela busca defensiva de Jung por um “self que ele pudesse chamar de seu”. Esta análise patologizante continua a ser endossada por escritores junguianos contemporâneos. Neste artigo tento mostrar que a crítica de Winnicott é fundamentalmente equivocada, pois deriva de um modelo psicanalítico da psique, um modelo que considera toda dissociação como necessariamente patológica. Argumento que a compreensão de Jung sobre a psique difere radicalmente deste modelo e, além disso, que corresponde, em geral, ao tipo de modelo dissociativo que encontramos nos escritos de Frederic Myers, William James e Theodor Flournoy. Concluo que uma relação fecunda entre Psicanálise e Psicologia Analítica depende da consciência dessas importantes diferenças entre os dois modelos psíquicos.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Stunting Dan Anemia Pada Remaja Karang Taruna Dusun Bungsing Guwosari Tahun 2022
Authors: Alfiah Nurul Ima , Swarinda Alviyatun Nur , Utami Feni Oktavia , Oktavia Rahma Sakti , - Rahmatuti , Nugraeni Ratih , Ade Sulistiawaty , Pertiwi Amilia , Haq Fariz Abdillah , Febriyana Ika Tresna , Nazibi Zidan , - Khanifudin , Mahpudoh Supihatul , Rahayu Prihatini , Wibisono Dimas
Published: August 2024

Stunting adalah salah satu indikator malnutrisi kronik yang ditandai dengan tubuh lebih pendek dari anak seusianya karena kondisi gagal pertumbuhan pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan. Di Indonesia, sekitar 23% stunting (bertubuh pendek) karena kekurangan gizi dan anemia pada ibu hamil. Kondisi kesehatan dan gizi ibu selama kehamilan sangat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan janin. Calon ibu yang mengalami anemia selama kehamilan dapat melahirkan bayi BBLR. Remaja putri merupakan salah satu kelompok yang rawan menderita anemia. Pencegahan stunting dapat dilakukan pada siklus daur hidup di tahap remaja. Pengetahuan gizi remaja khususnya remaja putri mengenai stunting dan anemia sangat penting untuk mencegah terjadinya kelahiran stunting. Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Sampling Jenuh. Hasil analisis data diketahui bahwa mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan dalam kategori tinggi sebanyak jumlah 25 responden (58.1%), dan tingkat pengetahuan dalam kategori rendah dengan jumlah 18 orang (41.9%). Kesimpulan penelitian ini Secara keseluruhan tingkat pengetahuan tentang stunting dan anemia pada remaja Karang taruna Dusun Bungsing Guwosari dapat dikategorikan baik, sebanyak 25 responden (58.1%) tingkat pengetahuan tinggi.
Upaya Memaksimalkan Kesehatan Lansia Di Desa Iroyudan Dengan Menggunakan Metode FHCWSAE (For Health Check With Socialization And Education)
Authors: Munarsih Dena , Vitara Debby , Khatimah Husnul , Pratama Haka R , Pratama Aditya Mandala
Published: August 2024

Elderly is an age group that is very vulnerable to experiencing health problems. The method used is an observational approach. The analysis carried out focuses on processing numerical data which is interpreted with health phenomena in the village community. The analysis resulted in problem solving in the form of consultations, health checks, and training in the health sector. Some of the programs that the team carried out were counseling on self-medication and health checks for the elderly. With this problem solving method, it is hoped that it can help solve the health problems of the elderly in Iroyudan Village. To be able to face life, the elderly must maintain good health and fitness, the elderly must carry out regular sports activities, carry out a healthy lifestyle, rest, do not smoke and have regular health checks. One of the efforts to achieve health is by exercising so that for the elderly to be able to get a healthy body, one of them must regularly do sports activities. Regular exercise is an effective and safe alternative to improve or maintain fitness and health if done properly. Aerobic activities suitable for the elderly include: walking, low impact aerobic exercise, elderly exercise, cycling, swimming and so on. Whether or not an exercise program is useful for the elderly also depends on the program being implemented.

 

Keywords: Elderly, health for the elderly, self-medication counseling
Sosialisasi Pencegahan Stunting Melalui Program DAHSYAT dan Peningkatan Kesadaran Masyarakat Tentang Pemenuhan Gizi di Desa Losari, Kecamatan Grabag, Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Tiyas Fitri Ariyaning , Sarwadhamana Raden Jaka
Published: August 2024

Stunting is a growth delay characterized by chronic malnutrition due to inadequate intake during the first 1,000 days of life, resulting in growth retardation in children under five. The prevalence of stunting under five in Indonesia is 24.4% in 2021. The target for reducing stunting in Indonesia has been set at 14% in 2024. This shows that Indonesia is experiencing serious public health problems in cases of stunting under five. One of the efforts to overcome stunting in toddlers is socialization and education to the community in order to increase knowledge and awareness of stunting prevention, as well as education in providing supplementary food by utilizing locally sourced food ingredients as well as increasing knowledge and training of Posyandu cadres. The method used in this study uses the question and answer lecture method between the participants and the material. The success of this socialization activity can be seen from the enthusiasm of the community and cadres who also attended the socialization event. The community in Losari Village also actively participates in the activities provided where participants provide feedback (discussion and question and answer) related to the material that has been delivered..
Keyword: prevention, stunting, dahsyat
Pembimbingan Mahasiswa Peserta Kegiatan Pengenalan Lapangan Persekolahan (PLP) Di SDN Kalangan Kapanewon Kasihan Kabupaten Bantul
Authors: Rochaendi Endi , Ariyani Yusinta Dwi , Sari Indah Perdana , Kholik Nur
Published: August 2024

To form prospective teachers who have the competence to understand students, manage the learning process, master scientific material in the field of education and the learning process and have the attitude and character of the teacher, the PGSD Study Program at Alma Ata University carries out schooling field introduction activities in elementary schools. Introduction to the School Field is an activity in the process of observation/observation and apprenticeship to learn and understand the implementation of the learning process in the classroom and other educational management, including practicing it in teaching and learning activities with students. One of the target objects of the school field introduction activity was carried out at the Kalangan Elementary School, Kasihan District, Bantul Regency. For the successful implementation of field introduction to schooling, mentoring activities are needed, carried out by field supervisors with multiple roles as facilitators, educators, mediators, and advocators. In their daily practice, the field supervisors have successfully formed and increased students' capacity to act and behave as curricular operations, intersection roles, assist, and internship roles in educational units with mentoring through consulting, assistance, and facilitation activities. In this connection, schooling field introduction activities have been maximally realized by established norms, standards, procedures, and criteria.

 

Keywords: mentoring, introduction to the school field, the role of the supervising lecturer