bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Situeret psykologi som triangulering
Authors: Allesøe Bo
Published: August 2024

Denne artikel vil forsøge at præsentere en ramme til at forstå sammenhængen mellem situationer og det psykologiske som baseret på en grundlæggende relation mellem det subjektive, intersubjektive og det objektive. Grunden til dette er, at der har været tendenser i psykologien til at fremhæve en af delene i denne triangulering på bekostning af de andre. Artiklen vil i stedet argumentere for, at man bør forstå de tre elementer som en dynamisk relation der i praksis danner baggrund for enhver psykologisk relevant situation, og det er først på denne baggrund det giver mening at fremhæve et af de her elementer. Argumentet vil forløbe i tre skridt. Først vil jeg genbesøge Harré og Secords kritik af deres samtids eksperimentelle psykologier og deres argument for at forstå begrebslighed som prægende situationer, der er psykologisk relevante. Denne begrebslighed vil blive forsøgt beskrevet nærmere gennem Tomasellos beskrivelse af børns kognitive udvikling. Pointen er, at der meget tidligt allerede ligger rudimenter der kan indikere psykologiske situationer som involverende grader af subjektive, intersubjektive og objektive elementer. Dette vil i sidste skridt bane vejen for en teoretisk skitsering af, ved hjælp af den amerikanske filosof Donald Davidson, hvordan de tre elementer alle er i spil, når vi forsøger at forstå det psykologisk relevante i en given situation.
Brug af digitale spil i dansk og engelsk: Resultater fra et systematisk review med implikation for praksis
Authors: Hanghøj Thorkild , Kabel Kristine , Hannibal Jensen Signe
Published: August 2024

Thorkild Hanghøj, Kristine Kabel og Signe Hannibal Jensen fremlægger resultater fra en gennemgang af internationale forskningsartikler der beskæftiger sig med brug af digitale spil i relation til literacy- og sprogudvikling i L1-kontekster og L2-kontekster. Forfatterne strukturerer området i forhold til uddannelsesniveau, spilkontekst (skole, uden for skole), spiltype (læringsspil, underholdningsspil, spildesignredskab), og forskningsmetoder, og de diskuterer bl.a. hvordan denne litteraturgennemgang kan bruges inden for hhv. dansk og engelsk.
Sprog integreret med fag? Ja, tak
Authors: Larsen Sanne , Nissen Camilla Falk Rønne , Holmen Anne
Published: August 2024

I artiklen Sprog integreret med fag? Ja, tak diskuterer Sanne Larsen, Camilla Falk Rønne Nielsen og Anne Holmen en række udviklingsprojekter og modeller vedr. sprog som tillægskompetence på mel-lemlange og lange videregående uddannelser. De fokuserer på tre udviklingsprojekter i Danmark: ’Sprogstrategisk satsning’, ’Modeller for undervisning i sprog som tillægskompetence’ og ’Sprogløft i tysk og fransk’. Projekterne bekræfter at der er en interesse for sprog blandt studerende på de vide-regående uddannelser, men også at sprogkurser o.l. ikke er tilstrækkelig tilpasset til de studerendes mange forskellige karriereønsker. Forfatterne diskuterer nogle organisatoriske modeller og foreslår nogle anbefalinger.
Respons(A)bility: Weaving Words of Responsibility Through Story
Authors: Belanger Mariel
Published: August 2024

This AuNTIe paper calls for better ways of being and doing in academe than the status quo practices across universities. Mad Native Auntie sits you down for a class in understanding why Indigenous ways of knowing are not tools like interview or survey for academics to colonize as free-for-all methodological use. Auntie addresses the demoralization that occurs when the Indigenous “other” is made teacher of pan-Indigenous epistemology. I discuss my understanding of duty-of-care through research, taking precautions to predict what could be happening for others when applied to the understanding of performance ethnography as course work.
Pratiques bienveillantes pour la création de récits
Authors: Alvis Cole , Bonnell Yolanda
Published: August 2024

Cet article présente des réflexions sur la récente création White Girls in Moccasins de Yolanda Bonnell, coproduite par le manidoons collective et le Buddies in Bad Times Theatre au printemps 2022. En préparation de la coproduction, les membres du collectif ont réuni un groupe d’artistes pour discuter d’autres façons de travailler au théâtre, en particulier du processus souvent stressant de la semaine de filage technique qui précède la première. Un poème original de Yolanda Bonnell, intitulé « Pow Wow », est également présenté. Il s’entretisse à des propositions visant à assurer la sécurité des un·es et des autres dans le cadre de la pratique des arts de la scène.
« Nous pouvons parler pour nous-mêmes » : un atelier de théâtre appliqué sur la décolonisation, à l’intention des juges
Authors: Jerke Lauren , Arcand Rupert , Ward Rocky
Published: August 2024

Cet article explique comment nous avons développé et animé un atelier de théâtre appliqué d’une journée sur la décolonisation, pour des juges. L’atelier a d’abord fourni aux juges un cadre pour prendre en compte l’histoire coloniale du Canada et les idées coloniales actuelles qui se manifestent en nous. Ensuite, l’atelier a donné aux juges l’occasion de sortir de leur rôle professionnel habituel et d’examiner comment les besoins des jeunes autochtones sont abordés au tribunal du point de vue d’une jeune personne et de sa grand-mère. L’objectif de notre atelier était de réfléchir collectivement à ce que signifie notre propre décolonisation et celle de notre système judiciaire. Cette étude de cas démontre que les « règles d’engagement » sont flexibles, mais qu’elles doivent être soutenues par les connaissances culturelles, le respect des protocoles culturels, la réflexion, le respect de l’expérience vécue et l’ouverture à l’apprentissage pour toustes.
Analysis and Adjustment of Vehicle Trajectories in the Entrance Area of Freeway Tunnels: from the Perspective of Visual Guiding System
Authors: BEI Runzhao , WAN Hongliang , DU Zhigang , HUANG Ting , HAN Lei , MEI Jialin
Published: August 2024

This study aims to quantitatively assess the adjustment effects of various visual guiding schemes on the abrupt change of vehicle trajectory. A driving simulation experiment was conducted using five simulated scenes: (1) baseline (actual situation), (2) pavement (road studs), (3) low position (flexible guideposts), (4) high position (warning alignment signs and retroreflective arches) and (5) multilayer (combination of all devices). Raw data, including vehicle positions, steering wheel angles and lateral offset, were collected. Based on these data, the gradual change degree of vehicle trajectory (G) and average steering wheel angle (SWAav) were computed to quantitatively evaluate the extent of vehicle trajectory deviation and the stability of steering wheel operations respectively. These two evaluation indicators were then translated into trajectory gradualness (TG) and operation stability (OS), respectively, to assess the adjustment effects of different visual guiding schemes. The study results demonstrate that road studs perform a certain degree of enhancement on operation stability (OS). Flexible guideposts exhibit the best effects on operation stability (OS). Additionally, the combination of warning alignment signs and retroreflective arches demonstrate the best regulation of trajectory gradualness (TG). Multilayer visual guiding system achieves the optimal trajectory gradualness (TG) and operation stability (OS).
Evaluation of Cognitive Load Differences between Elderly and Young Pedestrians at the Signalised Intersection
Authors: ZHANG Huiling , PENG Dan , SHI Xinyi
Published: August 2024

The pedestrian cognitive load has an important effect on the pedestrian crossing decision making. Compared with young adults, old people are characterised by declining physical function and slower reaction ability, which makes them prone to traffic accidents when crossing the street. This study aims to compare the visual information-mental load correlation between elderly and young adults waiting at the signalised intersections and evaluate their cognitive load conditions. Therefore, two signalised intersections with different traffic scenes in the Nan’an District, Chongqing, China were selected. The eye-tracking, electrocardiographic and electrodermal activity data of young and old pedestrians were collected using eye-tracking and physiological instruments. The visual indexes (the total duration of fixations, the number of fixations, the average pupil diameter changing rate, the number of saccades, the average peak speed of saccades, the average amplitude of saccades and the total amplitude of saccades) and physiological indicators (the average growth rate of heart rate, the time-domain analysis indicator of HRV and HRV frequency domain analysis indicators, electrodermal response amplitude and rise time of the EDR amp.) were taken as inputs and outputs parameters, respectively. Then, the comprehensive cognitive load evaluation model for pedestrians was constructed when waiting to cross the street based on the data envelopment analysis method. And the cognitive load characteristic differences between the young adults and the elderly were compared. The results show that in the same crossing scene, compared with the young pedestrian, the elder pedestrian exhibited lower overall perceptual efficiency, lower fixation durations and higher cognitive loads. These results can provide certain references on improving the street crossing safety for the elderly pedestrian.
Evaluating water quantity and quality of Canadian Great Lakes Watershed using LTHIA GIS Model.
Authors:   School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph ON Canada, Paul Pranesh Kumar , Brar Taranjot Singh ,   School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph ON Canada, Daggupati Prasad ,   School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph ON Canada, Rudra Ramesh ,   School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph ON Canada, Goyal Pradeep ,   School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph ON Canada
Published: August 2024

The Great Lakes, also known as the Great Lakes of North America, are a series of interconnected freshwater lakes located in the upper mid-east region of North America located at the border of Canada and the United States of America (USA). The Great Lakes are a source of drinking water for 10% of Americans and 25% of Canadians. Human activities have significantly degraded the Great Lakes in the past few decades. Against this backdrop, conducting a detailed study to assess the water quality and its quantification in the Canadian Great Lakes Watershed (CGLW) seems imperative. This study used the LTHIA model to analyze the surface runoff and two Non-Point Source pollution – total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) of the Canadian Great Lakes watershed. The temporal analysis showed the highest runoff, TSS and TP in the Northern Lake Erie sub-watershed in 1954. In contrast, the lowest was observed in the Northwestern Lake Superior sub-watershed in 1952. The spatial analysis showed higher runoff, TSS and TP in the Eastern Lake Huron and Northern Lake Erie sub-watersheds. The decadal analysis revealed higher runoff, TSS and TP in 1980-90, 1990-99 and 2000-09. The climate change analysis revealed more variation in the runoff, TSS, and TP were projected in mid-century (2035-64) compared to end-century (2070-99). Finally, it has been shown that the LTHIA model can successfully simulate both water quantity and quality-related processes and climate change effects.
Novel Fixed Point Theorems in Partially Ordered Modular Metric Spaces with Some Applications
Authors: Gündoğdu Hami , Öztürk Mahpeyker , Gözükızıl Ömer
Published: August 2024

This paper introduces new types of the generalized C-condition for mappings in partially ordered modular metric spaces. For such conditions, the fixed point theorems are stated and proved. Some examples with graphical representation are given to support our findings. An integral equation is considered in the given modular metric space. The existence and also uniqueness of a solution for this equation are proved. These outcomes extend the fixed point results for the generalized C-condition to partially ordered modular metric spaces.
On the Diophantine Equation $${L^2_m}+{L^2_n}=2^a$$
Authors: Emin Ahmet
Published: August 2024

This study researches numbers that are powers of two and can be represented as the sum of the squares of any two Lucas numbers. We apply Baker's theory of linear forms in logarithms of algebraic numbers, combined with a variation of the Baker--Davenport reduction method, to solve the Diophantine equation $$L^2_m+L^2_n=2^a$$, where $$m$$, $$n$$ and $$a$$ are positive integers, as presented in this study.
Effect of Ionizing Radiation on the Activity of the Enzyme Invertase Studied by Polarimetry
Authors: Marinov Philip , Petrov Ivo , Stoilov Krum , Lazhovski Tsvetoslav , Temnishki Peter , Petrova Svetla , Balashev Konstantin
Published: August 2024

The effect of ionizing radiation on biological systems, and particularly the enzymes which are responsible for most cellular functions, leads to chemical alterations in their molecular structure, and as a subsequent result often causes inhibition of their activities. Of particular importance for understanding the molecular and kinetic mechanisms of action of ionizing radiation on these systems is to find suitable experimental protocols and kinetic models applicable to specific enzymes and their substrates. In the present study we offer a convenient experimental approach by applying polarimetric measurements to study the influence of ionizing radiation on the catalytic action of the enzyme invertase. Following the Michaelis- Menten kinetic model we determined the values of the kinetic constants Km и Vmax for the reactions catalyzed either by the native or irradiated invertase and made some conclusions about possible changes either in the active centre or in the molecular structure of the enzyme under the action of ionizing radiation.
Enhancing Digital Camera Image Quality and Thermal Efficiency Analysis
Authors: Lekov Tomas , Christoff Nicole
Published: August 2024

Digital camera technology has made significant advances in recent years, enabling the capture of high-resolution images. However, along with the pursuit of image quality, the thermal performance of digital cameras remains a critical consideration, especially in long-term use scenarios or adverse environmental conditions. This is essential in various fields like surveillance, smart cities, etc. This paper explores the application of image overlay algorithms, specifically high dynamic range (HDR) imaging techniques, and examines the impact of thermal efficiency on image quality in digital cameras. Through controlled experiments and analysis, this study aims to improve digital imaging capabilities.
Risk Factors for Very Long ICU Stay after Cardiac Surgery and Effects on the Quality of Life
Authors: Abedinov Fillip
Published: August 2024

Risk factors for long stay in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and the effect on the quality of life following cardiac surgery are of interest as the recourses for patient recuperation increase. The aim of the study was to assess risk factors inducing very long stay in a ICU after cardiac surgery and the quality of life a year later and more. This is a three years prospective and retrospective study at a university hospital ICU with 17 beds. Eighty out of 3619 patients undergoing cardiac surgery under extracorporal circulation and necessitating more than nine days ICU, are included in the study group. Patients with ICU stay more than 14 days out of same group - very long stay - are subject to additional risk factors study. Eighty-three of the operated patients with up to three days ICU stay represent the control group. Generic NHP questionnaire is used [1]. Multifactorial analysis determines as risk factor dopamine infusion >13 days (P<0.001) (ODD=167.5). Patients who experienced sepsis have affected physical ability (P=0.014), those with low cardiac output syndrome, social isolation (P=0.023) and affected physical ability (P=0.011) and emotional reaction (P=0.001) Very long stay in ICU following cardiac surgery is caused by persistent heart failure complicated by respiratory and renal one, as well as need of massive blood transfusion. Patients with long ICU stay and surviving sepsis and/or LCOS experience long term effects on the quality of life.
Influence of SO4 and Rupestris du Lot (Monticola) Rootstocks on the Production of Tangra Dessert Vine Planting Material
Authors: Dyakova Galina , Mincheva Ralitsa , Stoyanova Svetlana
Published: August 2024

The role of the vine rootstock and its correct selection is the main step in creating vine plantations to achieve a balance between vine growth, yield and grape quality. The studies in this direction are aimed at determining the most suitable rootstock for the different vine varieties, with the objective of their optimal development.
In 2018–2021, the agrobiological parameters of vines of Tangra variety, grafted onto two rootstocks – SO4 (Berlandieri×Riparia selection Oppenheim 4) and Monticola (Rupestris du Lot), with different disposal of the root system and affecting the growth vigour and development of the vines, were studied in the Experimental nursery for grapevine rootings of IASS “Obratzov Chiflik”, Ruse, Bulgaria.
The experiment was carried out in two variants, each in four replications with 50 grafted cuttings with drip irrigation and micro-jet irrigation in the first month after planting for rooting.
The study aimed to recommend the most suitable rootstock for grafting Tangra dessert seedless variety to avoid adverse modification changes caused by it.
Monticola rootstock was found to influence positively on the percentage of premium rooted vines, forming a better root system and inducing better growth and maturing of the increment in the production of vine planting material, compared to vines, grafted onto SO4 rootstock.
Observation on the Influence of Apple Woolly Aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm.) on Vegetative Parameters of Grafted Plants in Container Production
Authors: Ivanov Plamen
Published: August 2024

The use of fruit-propagated planting material has played a vital role in the growth of the fruit market from both economic and social perspectives. When creating new orchards using a material with unclear phytosanitary conditions, the trees may dry out gradually or rapidly during the early stage. This material leads to significant losses and failure to recoup the investment in establishing and cultivating the orchards. As responsible producers, Bulgaria and other EU member countries adhere to Commission Implementing Directive 2014/98/EU, which enforces Directive 2008/90/EC on marketing fruit trees for propagation purposes. This compliance ensures that we uphold the highest standards in our operations, contributing to the overall health and sustainability of the fruit market. Pests play a crucial role in producing planting material as they can, directly and indirectly, influence the process. Pests can directly damage the quality and quantity of the produced material, while indirectly, they can act as carriers of infection. Observations on woolly apple aphids in Bulgaria's scientific community date back to the end of the last century. According to a 2021 report by CABI, Bulgaria is one of the six countries with a wide distribution of the woolly aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum Hausm.).
Diversity and Structure of Soil Bacterial Communities in the Area of Non-ferrous Metal Plant Revealed by 16S rRNA Gene Retrieval
Authors: Nikolova Radina , Kenarova Anelia , Boteva Silvena , Dinev Nikolai , Radeva Galina
Published: August 2024

The goals of the study were to assess the diversity and structure of the bacterial communities within the soil depth along a gradient of heavy metal (HM) contamination and to identify indigenous bacterial species in the agricultural area of a non-ferrous metal plant KCM 2000 Group (Plovdiv) by using 16S rRNA gene retrieval. 16S rRNA gene clone libraries were constructed for nine samples, which were collected from two soil depths in June 2020. From each library, up to 100 clones were analysed and grouped into operational taxonomic units (OTUs) by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The representatives of the OTUs were sequenced, followed by phylogenetic analysis. The results revealed that phyla Proteobacteria (11.11–71.43%) and Actinomycetota (3.57–33%) were the most abundant. Surface soils (12 phyla and 15 classes) were more diverse than subsurface ones (7 phyla and 12 classes). The lowest diversity at both phylum and class levels was calculated for the moderately contaminated soils from the two studied depths. Thirteen 16S rDNA sequences were identified to a species level, and they belonged to Proteobacteria, Actinomycetota and Firmicutes. This study highlighted that both HM contamination and soil depth caused shifts in diversity and structure of soil bacterial communities.
Inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase activates type I interferon-dependent antitumor immunity by bridging cGAS-STING pathway
Authors: Chen Jianwen , Zhao Bao , Dong Hong , Li Tianliang , Cheng Xiang , Gong Wang , Wang Jing , Zhang Junran , Xin Gang , Yu Yanbao , Lei Yu L , Black Jennifer D , Li Zihai , Wen Haitao
Published: August 2024

The
O
-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an essential enzyme that mediates protein
O
-GlcNAcylation, a unique form of posttranslational modification of many nuclear and cytosolic proteins. Recent studies observed increased OGT and
O
-GlcNAcylation levels in a broad range of human cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal tissues, indicating a universal effect of OGT in promoting tumorigenesis. Here, we show that OGT is essential for tumor growth in immunocompetent hosts by repressing the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-dependent DNA sensing pathway. We found that deletion of OGT (

Ogt
−/−

) caused a marked reduction in tumor growth in both syngeneic tumor models and a genetic colorectal cancer (CRC) model induced by mutation of the
Apc
gene (

Apc
min

). Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of OGT induced a robust genomic instability (GIN), leading to cGAS-dependent production of the type I interferon (IFN-I) and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). As a result, deletion of
Cgas
or
Sting
from

Ogt
−/−

cancer cells restored tumor growth, and this correlated with impaired CD8
+
T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. Mechanistically, we found that OGT-dependent cleavage of host cell factor C1 (HCF-1) is required for the avoidance of GIN and IFN-I production in tumors. In summary, our results identify OGT-mediated genomic stability and activate cGAS-STING pathway as an important tumor cell-intrinsic mechanism to repress antitumor immunity.
Biochemical and neurophysiological effects of deficiency of the mitochondrial import protein TIMM50
Authors: Paz Eyal , Jain Sahil , Gottfried Irit , Staretz-Chacham Orna , Mahajnah Muhammad , Bagchi Pritha , Seyfried Nicholas T , Ashery Uri , Azem Abdussalam
Published: August 2024

TIMM50, an essential TIM23 complex subunit, is suggested to facilitate the import of ∼60% of the mitochondrial proteome. In this study, we characterized a
TIMM50
disease causing mutation in human fibroblasts, and noted significant decreases in TIM23 core protein levels (TIMM50, TIMM17A/B, and TIMM23). Strikingly, TIMM50 deficiency had no impact on the steady state levels of most of its substrates, challenging the currently accepted import dogma of the essential general import role of TIM23 and suggesting that fully functioning TIM23 complex is not essential for maintaining the steady state level of the majority of mitochondrial proteins. As TIMM50 mutations have been linked to severe neurological phenotypes, we aimed to characterize TIMM50 defects in manipulated mammalian neurons. TIMM50 knockdown in mouse neurons had a minor effect on the steady state level of most of the mitochondrial proteome, supporting the results observed in patient fibroblasts. Amongst the few affected TIM23 substrates, a decrease in the steady state level of components of the intricate oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial ribosome complexes was evident. This led to declined respiration rates in fibroblasts and neurons, reduced cellular ATP levels and defective mitochondrial trafficking in neuronal processes, possibly contributing to the developmental defects observed in patients with TIMM50 disease. Finally, increased electrical activity was observed in TIMM50 deficient mice neuronal cells, which correlated with reduced levels of KCNJ10 and KCNA2 plasma membrane potassium channels, likely underlying the patients’ epileptic phenotype.
Measures to Improve the Behavior of Witnesses at the Scene of Cardiac Arrest by Guidance of Situation Room Workers
Authors: Lim Jae-Man , Roh Sang-Gyun
Published: August 2024

If out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurs, most witnesses ask the fire department for help. Emergency medical dispatchers must be aware that the patient is in cardiac arrest, which has a significant impact on the patient’s chances of resuscitation and neurological prognosis. This study calculated the recognition rate of patients in cardiac arrest among emergency medical dispatchers using data from the National Fire Agency (2022, 75.4%). To improve the ability of witnesses and emergency medical dispatchers to respond to patients with OHCA, efforts should be made to define the recognition of cardiac arrest, collect and analyze data on unrecognized reasons for cardiac arrest, improve protocols and training of emergency medical dispatchers, emphasize respiratory evaluation in cardiopulmonary resuscitation education to the public, evaluate patients using video calls, and develop and use machine learning.
Proposing a New Fire Diagram Training Method Using 3D Spatial Information and FDS
Authors: Bang Hyunjung , Choi Sugi , Jung Haiyoung
Published: August 2024

Firefighting organizations in South Korea conduct training using 2D floor plans, which have limitations in effectively recognizing and securing indoor spatial information. In this study, we propose a novel firefighting training method that utilizes 3D spatial information and the fire dynamics simulator (FDS). This approach improves the identification of heat and smoke behaviors during initial fire responses and enhances spatial awareness through precise 3D camera- acquired information. A survey revealed that 86% of the respondents found 3D-based training highly beneficial, and 80% reported significant aid in applying firefighting tactics. Additionally, satisfaction improved by approximately 34% compared to the traditional 2D method, and FDS-based training showed a 50% increase in satisfaction compared to methods without prior information.
A perspectiva dos discentes de enfermagem para atuar com a pessoa idosa
Authors: Oliveira Ana Carolina Lopes Cavalcanti de , Silva Monique Nunes da , Azevedo Leila Medeiros de , Carvalho Lara Maria Alves de , Almeida Júnior José Jailson de , Telles Mauricio Wiering Pinto
Published: August 2024

Objetivos: Avaliar a formação em enfermagem para a atenção à saúde da população idosa nas Instituições de Ensino Superior do Rio Grande do Norte. Métodos: Abordagem qualitativa, sendo realizados dois grupos focais com 14 concluintes da graduação de enfermagem em duas instituições, através do Google Meet. A análise dos dados permitiu a compreensão das experiências compartilhadas. Resultados: Evidenciam a percepção dos discentes acerca da formação a partir das vivências na graduação. Além disso, fatores como as atividades com ênfase na saúde do idoso, teóricas e práticas para uma abordagem integrada entre ensino e prática, busca-se aprimorar os serviços prestados. Conclusões: Este estudo busca contribuir com sugestões para enfrentar os desafios da formação para atuação com a pessoa idosa.
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase Profile of Citrobacter Species Isolated from Various Samples in the North East Coast of Tamil Nadu, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Adharsini B Aishwarya , Jayaraman Manonmoney , Kumar A Mohan , Vajravelu Leela Kakithakara
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Citrobacter species play a significant role in causing hospital-acquired infections, especially those affecting the urinary and respiratory systems, and they are commonly present in faeces. Healthcare systems are facing a major challenge due to the rise of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative infections resistant to antibiotics. Aim: To identify the genotypic characterisation of the resistant gene blaTEM-1 in Citrobacter spp. obtained from a range of clinical samples. This investigation seeks to provide insights into the patterns of antibiotic resistance exhibited by these bacteria. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between August 2021 and February 2022. Preliminary examinations included screening as well as confirmatory tests for Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) production, which were confirmed by the combination disk method and double disc synergy test. Genotypic detection of the blaTEM-1 gene was done using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Demographic parameters like gender and age were assessed. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Software version 21.0. Results: Citrobacter koseri (66 isolates, 54.5%) was found to be the predominant species among the Citrobacter spp., followed by Citrobacter freundii (55 isolates, 45.5%). Urine samples were the primary source of Citrobacter spp. isolates, comprising 52 isolates (43%) of the total. In this study, the prevalence of ESBL producers was reported to be 49 isolates (77.8%) identified as ESBL producers. Tigecycline demonstrated a 100% effectiveness rate, followed by Piperacillin-Tazobactam (96% sensitivity) and Amikacin (95% sensitivity). Out of the 20 Citrobacter spp. isolates that tested positive for ESBL, 15 isolates (75%) were found to be positive for blaTEM-1. Conclusion: The results of this study provide insight into the changing patterns of antibiotic resistance in Citrobacter spp., with particular emphasis on ESBL profiles. Thus, it is imperative to implement intervention techniques to reduce the ongoing selection and spread of these more resistant bacteria, as well as efficient infection-control measures to manage epidemics. These results advance the comprehension of antibiotic resistance patterns and guide initiatives to combat the increasing threat of antibiotic resistance.
A Holistic Accelerated Approach in the Acute Phase for ACL Sprain: A Case Report
Authors: Puri Saurabh , Ramteke Swapnil , Keoliya Ashish
Published: August 2024

To manage acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) sprains, this case report suggests a comprehensive, accelerated method that incorporates cutting-edge diagnostics, personalised rehabilitation, and new approaches like Kinesio Taping. The technique works for rapid return to activities, pain relief, and knee stability rehabilitation. Kinesio Taping offers dynamic support, improves circulation, and lowers oedema. It is recognised for its proprioceptive benefits. The recovery process is maximised by taking a holistic approach that considers lifestyle, psychological, and physical aspects. The case report advances the treatment of ACL injuries by stressing an accelerated, multifaceted approach and the combined advantages of including Kinesio Taping into the regimen. This explores the case of a 28-year-old male Kabaddi player who, after suffering a grade 1 ACL tear, facing persistent pain, swelling, and anxiety. The traditional approach offered limited relief. However, a new, multifaceted treatment plan incorporating physical therapy, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), and Kinesio Taping brought remarkable results.
Intraplate volcanism of the western Pacific: New insights from geological and geophysical observations in the Pigafetta Basin
Authors: Stadler Timothy J. , Tominaga Masako
Published: September 2015

Understanding intraplate volcanism is a key to deciphering the Earth's magmatic history. One of the largest intraplate volcanic events occurred during the mid‐Cretaceous, roughly 75–125 Ma in the western Pacific. To investigate the origin of this volcanism we present the first comprehensive study of volcanism in the Pigafetta Basin using seismic surveys, magnetic and gravity modeling, and Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) drill core and well log data from Site 801. Our results show that intraplate volcanism in the Pigafetta Basin coincides with the rest of the western Pacific seamount provinces, supporting the previously suggested plumelets scenario for the origin of intraplate volcanism during the mid‐Cretaceous volcanic events. Our magnetic modeling suggests that the late‐stage volcanism does not overprint the remanant magnetization acquired by the Jurassic ocean crust in the Pigafetta Basin, and hence, marine magnetic anomalies recorded in the Jurassic basement are preserved. Also, the formerly identified Rough‐Smooth Boundary (RSB) is indistinguishable from any other rough‐smooth topographic boundaries throughout the survey area suggesting that the RSB is unlikely to be a Cretaceous sill‐Jurassic basement boundary. Lastly, the apparent ages and spatial distribution of volcanic features suggests a dynamic history of hydrothermal circulation in the Pigafetta Basin, indicating that hydrothermal circulation was ongoing well past 100 Ma.
Studying the Structural and Folding Features of Long‐Sequence Trichobrachin Peptides
Authors: Násztor Zoltán , Horváth János , Leitgeb Balázs
Published: September 2015

In this theoretical study, the folding processes of long‐sequence trichobrachin peptides (i.e., TB IIb peptides) were investigated by molecular dynamics methods. The formation of various helical structures (i.e., 310‐, α‐, and left‐handed α‐helices) was studied with regard to the entire sequence of peptides, as well as to each amino acid. The results pointed out that TB IIb molecules showed a propensity to form helical conformations, and they could be characterized by 310‐helical structure rather than by α‐helical structure. The formation of local (i.e., i←i+3 and i←i+4) as well as of non‐local (i.e., i←i+n, where n>4; and all i→i+n) H‐bonds was also examined. The results revealed that the occurrence of local, helix‐stabilizing H‐bonds was in agreement with the appearance of helical conformations, and the non‐local H‐bonds did not produce relevant effects on the evolution of helical structures. Based on the data obtained by our structural investigation, differences were observed between the TB IIb peptides, according to the type of amino acid located in the 17th position of their sequences. In summary, the folding processes were explored for TB IIb molecules, and our theoretical study led to the conclusion that these long‐sequence peptaibols showed characteristic structural and folding features.
Essential Oils and Diethyl Ether Extracts of Serbian Xeranthemum cylindraceum and X. annum: Chemical Composition, Antimicrobial Activity, and Chemotaxonomic Implications
Authors: Dekić Milan S. , Radulović Niko S. , Ranđelović Vladimir N. , Stojanović‐Radić Zorica Z. , Veljković Bojana P.
Published: September 2015

Detailed GC and GC‐MS analyses of the essential oils and Et2O extracts of two Xeranthemum species – X. cylindraceum and X. annum – resulted in the identification of 254 components, in total. Terpenoids constituted the major part of both X. cylindraceum and X. annum essential oils and extracts (51.8–65.7%, and 50.7%, resp.). Among the sesquiterpenoids, the extracts of both investigated taxa contained the guaianolide xerantholide, its 11,13‐dihydro derivatives, and two additional sesquiterpene lactones: an eudesmanolide, 11,13‐dihydroisoalantolactone, and a pseudoguaianolide, confertin. The last two lactones and both isomers of 11,13‐dihydroxerantholide have not been previously detected in Xeranthemum species. The isolated extracts of X. cylindraceum and X. annum were tested in a broth microdilution assay against a panel of microorganisms. The tested extracts demonstrated significant antimicrobial inhibitory activity, ranging from 30 to 260 μg/ml, being most active against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus, an important human pathogen, with MIC close in value to those of chloramphenicol. Chemotaxonomic significance of the sesquiterpene lactones' distribution in the taxa investigated in this study and those detected earlier in phylogenetically close species (up to the level of the tribe Cardueae) was also discussed.
Secondary Metabolites from Aspergillus fumigatus, an Endophytic Fungus from the Liverwort Heteroscyphus tener (Steph.) Schiffn.
Authors: Xie Fei , Li Xiao‐Bin , Zhou Jin‐Chuan , Xu Qing‐Qing , Wang Xiao‐Ning , Yuan Hui‐Qing , Lou Hong‐Xiang
Published: September 2015

Three new metabolites, asperfumigatin (1), isochaetominine (10), and 8′‐O‐methylasterric acid (21), together with nineteen known compounds, were obtained from the culture of Aspergillus fumigatus, an endophytic fungus from the Chinese liverwort Heteroscyphus tener (Steph.) Schiffn. Their structures were established by extensive analysis of the spectroscopic data. The absolute configurations of 1 and 10 were determined by analysis of their respective CD spectra. Cytotoxicity of these isolates against four human cancer cell lines was also determined.
Recent Findings in the Chemistry of Odorants from Four Baccharis Species and Their Impact as Chemical Markers
Authors: Minteguiaga Manuel , Umpiérrez Noelia , Xavier Vanessa , Lucas Aline , Mondin Claudio , Fariña Laura , Cassel Eduardo , Dellacassa Eduardo
Published: September 2015

Baccharis is a widespread genus belonging to the Asteraceae family that includes almost 400 species exclusively from the Americas. Even when studied in detail, the taxonomic classification among species from this genus is not yet fully defined. Within the framework of our study of the volatile composition of the Baccharis genus, four species (B. trimera, B. milleflora, B. tridentata, and B. uncinella) were collected from the ‘Campos de Cima da Serra’ highlands of the Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul. The aerial parts were dried and extracted by the simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) procedure. This is the first time that SDE has been applied to obtain and compare the volatile‐extract composition in the Baccharis genus. Characterization of the volatile extracts allowed the identification of 180 peaks with many coeluting components; these latter being detailed for the first time for this genus. The multivariate statistical analyses allowed separating the volatile extracts of the four populations of Baccharis into two separate groups. The first one included the B. milleflora, B. trimera, and B. uncinella volatile extracts. The three species showed a high degree of similarity in their volatile composition, which was characterized by the presence of high contents of sesquiterpene compounds, in particular of spathulenol. The second group comprised the extract of B. tridentata, which contained α‐pinene, β‐pinene, limonene, and (E)‐β‐ocimene in high amounts.
Effect of Volatile Organic Compounds from Bacteria on Nematodes
Authors: Xu You‐Yao , Lu Hao , Wang Xin , Zhang Ke‐Qin , Li Guo‐Hong
Published: September 2015

The five studied bacterial strains could produce volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that kill nematodes. Based on their 16S rRNA sequences, these strains were identified as Pseudochrobactrum saccharolyticum, Wautersiella falsenii, Proteus hauseri, Arthrobacter nicotianae, and Achromobacter xylosoxidans. The bacterial VOCs were extracted using solid‐phase micro‐extraction (SPME) and subsequently identified by GC/MS analysis. The VOCs covered a wide range of aldehydes, ketones, alkyls, alcohols, alkenes, esters, alkynes, acids, ethers, as well as heterocyclic and phenolic compounds. Among the 53 VOCs identified, 19 candidates, produced by different bacteria, were selected to test their nematicidal activity (NA) against Caenorhabditis elegans and Meloidogyne incognita. The seven compounds with the highest NAs were acetophenone, S‐methyl thiobutyrate, dimethyl disulfide, ethyl 3,3‐dimethylacrylate, nonan‐2‐one, 1‐methoxy‐4‐methylbenzene, and butyl isovalerate. Among them, S‐methyl thiobutyrate showed a stronger NA than the commercial insecticide dimethyl disulfide. It was reported for the first time here that the five bacterial strains as well as S‐methyl thiobutyrate, ethyl 3,3‐dimethylacrylate, 1‐methoxy‐4‐methylbenzene, and butyl isovalerate possess NA. These strains and compounds might provide new insights in the search for novel nematicides.
Reactions of (1E)‐Buta‐1,3‐dien‐1‐yl Acetate with Diazocarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Nur Kubilay Hatice , Seyma Gungor Fusun , Anac Olcay
Published: September 2015

Carbene transfer to appropriate substrates is a highly versatile tool for the construction of carbon frameworks with increased functional and structural complexity. In this study, some novel cyclopropane derivatives were synthesized via carbenoid reactions and their further reactivities were investigated. (1E)‐Buta‐1,3‐dien‐1‐yl acetate was reacted with four different diazocarbonyl compounds, ethyl diazoacetate, dimethyl diazomalonate, 1‐diazo‐1‐phenylpropan‐2‐one, and methyl (3E)‐2‐diazo‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐enoate, in the presence of two catalysts. All synthesized substituted cyclopropanes were obtained chemoselectively with respect to less‐hindered CC bonds. Under the applied conditions, while cyclopropanes 7a and 7d underwent further reactions, cyclopropanes 7b and 7c were stable enough. Cyclopropanes 7a and an additional equivalent of ethyl diazoacetate yielded polyfunctionalized cyclohexenes. Cyclopropanes from methyl (3E)‐2‐diazo‐4‐phenylbut‐3‐enoate yielded polyfunctionalyzed cycloheptadiene isomers by Cope rearrangement.
Concise Synthesis and Antidiabetic Effect of Three Natural Triterpenoid Saponins Isolated from Fadogia ancylantha (Makoni tea)
Authors: Feng Zi‐Li , Wu Shao‐Ping , Li Wen‐Hong , Guo Tian‐Tian , Liu Qing‐Chao
Published: September 2015

The first concise synthesis of the bidesmosidic oleanolic acid saponins 1–3 isolated from Fadogia ancylantha (Makoni tea) have been accomplished through a ‘one‐pot sequential glycosylation’ strategy with two glycosyl 1‐(trichloroacetimidate)s as glycosyl donors. The synthesized natural products 1–3 were then evaluated for their inhibitory activities against α‐glucosidase, α‐amylase, and lipase. Among the assayed compounds 1–3, compound 1 showed strong α‐glucosidase and α‐amylase inhibition, with IC50 values of 160 and 180 μM, respectively. Moreover, compounds 2 and 3 showed strong inhibition against α‐glucosidase and lipase, with the respective IC50 values of 170 and 190 μM, and 190 and 200 μM.
Three New Alkaloids from Hippophae rhamnoidesLinn. subsp. sinensisRousi
Authors: OuYang Jian , Zhou Wen‐Na , Li Gang , Wang Xiao‐Yan , Ding Chen‐Xu , Suo You‐Rui , Wang Hong‐Lun
Published: September 2015

Two novel organic amide alkaloids, 4‐[(E)‐p‐coumaroylamino]butan‐1‐ol (1) and 4‐[(Z)‐p‐coumaroylamino]butan‐1‐ol (2), together with a rare pyridoindole alkaloid, hippophamide (3), were isolated from the seed residue of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. subsp. sinensis Rousi. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic means. The results show that compounds 1 and 2 are (E/Z)‐isomers, compound 3, a pyridoindole alkaloid concerted with γ‐lactam ring.
Benzyl(triphenyl)phosphonium Dichloroiodate: A New Reagent for Coiodination of Alkenes
Authors: Alikarami Mohammad , Farhadi Mansoureh
Published: September 2015

A mild, efficient, and regio‐ and stereoselective method for iodoalkoxylation and iodohydroxylation of olefins has been developed using benzyl(triphenyl)phosphonium dichloroiodate as iodine source. This procedure led to the corresponding iodoalkoxylated and iodohydroxylated products in moderate to excellent yields.
Stereoselective Total Synthesis of (3S,5S)‐1,7‐Bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)heptane‐3,5‐diol, (3S,5S)‐Alpinikatin, and Its Diastereoisomers
Authors: Venkatesham Kunuru , Purushotham Reddy Sudina , Chinnababu Baggu , Suresh Babu Katragadda
Published: September 2015

Stereoselective synthesis of the diarylheptanoids, (3S,5S)‐1,7‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)heptane‐3,5‐diol (1), (3S,5S)‐alpinikatin (3), and their diastereoisomers (2 and 4, resp.), was achieved from readily available 4‐hydroxybenzaldehyde. The synthetic sequences involve Browns's allylation and Et2Zn mediated diastereoselective alkynylation reaction as key steps.
Curcumaromins A, B, and C, Three Novel Curcuminoids from Curcuma aromatica
Authors: Qin Xiang‐Dong , Zhao Yan , Gao Yuan , Ren Fu‐Cai , Yang Shu , Wang Fei
Published: September 2015

Three novel curcuminoids, curcumaromins A–C (1–3, resp.), along with a known compound, longiferone B (4) were isolated from Curcuma aromatica Salisb. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as (1E,4Z,6E)‐5‐hydroxy‐7‐{4‐hydroxy‐3‐[(1R*,6R*)‐3‐methyl‐6‐(propan‐2‐yl)cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐yl)phenyl}‐1‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)hepta‐1,4,6‐trien‐3‐one (1), 2,3‐dihydro‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐6‐[(E)‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]‐5‐[(1R*,6R*)‐3‐methyl‐6‐(propan‐2‐yl)cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐yl]‐4H‐pyran‐4‐one (2), and (1E,6E)‐1,7‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4‐[(1R*,6R*)‐3‐methyl‐6‐(propan‐2‐yl)cyclohex‐2‐en‐1‐yl]hepta‐1,6‐diene‐3,5‐dione (3) on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Curcumaromins A–C (1–3) represented the first examples of menthane monoterpene‐coupled curcuminoids. The known compound, longiferone B (4), was the first daucane sesquiterpene isolated from the genus Curcuma.
Subergane‐Type Sesquiterpenes from Gorgonian Coral Subergorgia suberosa with Antibacterial Activities
Authors: Huang Qixi , Cheng Wei , Long Hailin , Liu Huagang , van Ofwegen Leen , Lin Wenhan
Published: September 2015

A new subergane‐type sesquiterpene, named epoxysubergorgic acid (1), along with seven known sesquiterpenes, were isolated from the gorgonian coral Subergorgia suberosa. The structure of the new compound was determined by extensive spectroscopic analyses. The previously uncertain absolute configuration of the known analogues 2–6 was determined on the basis of CD, Mosher's method, and through chemical conversions. All compounds were evaluated for antibacterial activities.
Factors influencing emigration of Ross's and snow geese from an Arctic breeding area
Authors: Wilson Scott , Alisauskas Ray T. , Kellett Dana K.
Published: September 2015

Emigration is one of the most difficult demographic rates to estimate, yet understanding movement among populations has important consequences for wildlife conservation. We studied factors that affected emigration by adult Ross's geese (Chen rossii) and lesser snow geese (C. caerulescens caerulescens) during a demographic study from 1997 to 2013 of nesting geese at the Karrak Lake colony south of Queen Maud Gulf in the Central Canadian Arctic. Rising abundance of both species in recent decades has led to concerns about their impacts on Arctic ecosystems. We used Burnham's model to estimate true survival and fidelity (i.e., the complement of emigration). Mean estimates of fidelity were higher for Ross's geese (male = 0.91 ± 0.02, female = 0.95 ± 0.01) than for snow geese (male = 0.76 ± 0.02, female = 0.90 ± 0.02). Fidelity declined with prior nesting season abundance in both species with evidence that a reduction in population size led to greater fidelity in the following year. Fidelity was positively influenced by mean nest success in the previous year with similar responses by both species. However, years of low nest success were more frequent for snow geese resulting in higher emigration. We expected that deeper snow before nesting would motivate greater emigration but found the opposite effect in both species, suggesting that individuals may be discouraged from dispersing in snow‐covered landscapes. We also tested whether a large decline in the number of snow geese nesting at Karrak Lake in 2007–2008 was related to a mass emigration event but found no evidence for a change in fidelity in these years. Moreover, survival of both species showed an increasing trend from 1997 to 2013 so the decline in nesting snow geese likely was an outcome of temporary non‐breeding, rather than emigration or death. The destination of emigrants remains unknown, but we expect this movement has broader consequences for metapopulation dynamics of light geese across the central Arctic. © 2015 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada published on behalf of The Journal of Wildlife Management.