bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СТИЛІСТИЧНА ПАРАДИГМА СОМАТИЗМІВ У ЗАГАЛЬНОМОВНОМУ І ПОЕТИЧНОМУ СЛОВНИКУ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ КІНЦЯ ХХ – ПОЧАТКУ ХХІ СТ.
Authors: ДЯДЧЕНКО Ганна
Published: November 2017

У статті висвітлено сутність поняття «лінгвістична парадигма», підтверджено актуальність і методологічну обґрунтованість застосування відповідного поняття для систематизації одиниць різних мовних рівнів. Окрему увагу присвячено феноменові лексико-стилістичної парадигми. Проаналізовано співвідношення соматичної лексики у словнику сучасної української літературної мови та в поетичних текстах кінця ХХ – початку ХХІ ст.
МЕТАФОРИЗАЦІЯ ПОЕТИЧНИХ ЗВОРОТІВ НА ПОЗНАЧЕННЯ КОНЦЕПТУ MONTE/ BERG/ ГОРА: ЗІСТАВНО-ТИПОЛОГІЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ
Authors: ГУСЛЯ Людмила
Published: November 2017

У статті проаналізовано втілення концепту Monte/ Berg/ Гора на матеріалах італійських, німецьких та українських поетичних текстів як засобу розкриття внутрішніх станів людини, передачі емоційних, оцінних та експресивних відчуттів, відтворення філософських ідей у національно-специфічному світобаченні автора. Проведення типологічних досліджень національно-мовних картин дає змогу схарактеризувати особливості експлікації концептів у художніх текстах та їх реалізації на основі процесів метафоризації та символізації.
АНТОНІМІЧНІ ВІДНОШЕННЯ У СФЕРІ ФРАЗЕОЛОГІЇ УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ МОВИ
Authors: ФІЛЬ Галина
Published: November 2017

У статті схарактеризовано антонімічні відношення між структурно однотипними і різнотипними фразеологічними одиницями української мови; зазначено, що під фразеологічною антонімією розуміють фразеологічну опозицію, що передбачає контрастне протиставлення семантики і відзначається єдністю смислової, логічної сутності, повною чи частковою нетотожністю компонентного складу; наголошено, що при виділенні антонімічних пар у фразеології спираються на лексичну антонімію, у визначенні якої тісно переплітаються філософські, логічні та лінгвістичні категорії; показано, що характерною особливістю фразеологічної антонімії є те, що в антонімічні стосунки можуть вступати як окремі фразеологічні одиниці, так і цілі синонімічні ряди.
ДУХОВНО-НАЦІОНАЛЬНІ АСПЕКТИ «СВЯТОВЕЧІРНЬОЇ КАЗКИ» ІВАНА ФРАНКА ТА РІЗДВЯНОЇ КАЗКИ ВОЛОДИМИРА ВИННИЧЕНКА «ДИМ»
Authors: САБАТ Галина
Published: November 2017

У статті вперше проаналізовано в компаративному аспекті типологічні аналогії в «Святовечірній казці» І. Франка та різдвяній казці В. Винниченка «Дим». Досліджено поетикальні паралелі в текстах українських авторів на жанрово-композиційному рівні. Відзначено спільність інтерпретації письменниками образів, тем і мотивів. З’ясовано особливості функціонування оніричних візій. Вивчається художньо-пластична роль хронотопу, його місце в структурі творів.
M(IL-4) Tissue Macrophages Support Efficient Interferon-Gamma Production in Antigen-Specific CD8+ T Cells with Reduced Proliferative Capacity
Authors: Mulder Rylend , Banete Andra , Seaver Kyle , Basta Sameh
Published: November 2017

CD8+ cytotoxic T cell (CTL) responses are necessary for the lysis of virally infected cells and control of infection. CTLs are activated when their TCRs bind a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I/peptide complex on the surface of antigen presenting cells such as macrophages (MΦ). It is now apparent that MΦ display remarkable plasticity in response to environmental signals to polarize into classically activated M(LPS + IFN-γ) or alternatively activated M(IL-4). However, little is known about how MΦ activation status influences their antigen presentation function to CD8+ T cell in models of virus infection. Consequently, we tested how polarization of spleen-derived (Sp)-MΦ impacts direct presentation of viral antigens to influence effector and proliferative CD8+ T-cell responses. We show that M(IL-4) Sp-MΦ retain MHC-I surface expression and the ability to stimulate IFN-γ production by CTL following peptide stimulation and lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection to levels similar to M0 and M(LPS + IFN-γ) MΦ. However, memory CD8+ T cells cultured in the presence of M(IL-4) MΦ underwent significantly reduced proliferation and produced similar IFN-γ levels as coculturing with M0 or M(LPS + IFN-γ) cells. Thus, these results show a novel ability of polarized MΦ to regulate CD8+ T-cell proliferation and effector functions during virus infection.
Improving the Accessibility and Efficiency of Point-of-Care Diagnostics Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Lean and Agile Supply Chain Management
Authors: Kuupiel Desmond , Bawontuo Vitalis , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani
Published: November 2017

Access to point-of-care (POC) diagnostics services is essential for ensuring rapid disease diagnosis, management, control, and surveillance. POC testing services can improve access to healthcare especially where healthcare infrastructure is weak and access to quality and timely medical care is a challenge. Improving the accessibility and efficiency of POC diagnostics services, particularly in resource-limited settings, may be a promising route to improving healthcare outcomes. In this review, the accessibility of POC testing is defined as the distance/proximity to the nearest healthcare facility for POC diagnostics service. This review provides an overview of the impact of POC diagnostics on healthcare outcomes in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and factors contributing to the accessibility of POC testing services in LMICs, focusing on characteristics of the supply chain management and quality systems management, characteristics of the geographical location, health infrastructure, and an enabling policy framework for POC diagnostics services. Barriers and challenges related to the accessibility of POC diagnostics in LMICs were also discussed. Bearing in mind the reported barriers and challenges as well as the disease epidemiology in LMICs, we propose a lean and agile supply chain management framework for improving the accessibility and efficiency of POC diagnostics services in these settings.
Modeling Fuel Treatment Leverage: Encounter Rates, Risk Reduction, and Suppression Cost Impacts
Authors: Thompson Matthew , Riley Karin , Loeffler Dan , Haas Jessica
Published: November 2017

The primary theme of this study is the cost-effectiveness of fuel treatments at multiple scales of investment. We focused on the nexus of fuel management and suppression response planning, designing spatial fuel treatment strategies to incorporate landscape features that provide control opportunities that are relevant to fire operations. Our analysis explored the frequency and magnitude of fire-treatment encounters, which are critical determinants of treatment efficacy. Additionally, we examined avoided area burned, avoided suppression costs, and avoided damages, and combined all three under the umbrella of leverage to explore multiple dimensions with which to characterize return on investment. We chose the Sierra National Forest, California, USA, as our study site, due to previous work providing relevant data and analytical products, and because it has the potential for large, long-duration fires and corresponding potential for high suppression expenditures. Modeling results generally confirmed that fire-treatment encounters are rare, such that median suppression cost savings are zero, but in extreme years, savings can more than offset upfront investments. Further, reductions in risk can expand areas where moderated suppression response would be appropriate, and these areas can be mapped in relation to fire control opportunities.
Non-Additive Transcriptomic Responses to Inoculation with Rhizobia in a Young Allopolyploid Compared with Its Diploid Progenitors
Authors: Powell Adrian , Doyle Jeff
Published: November 2017

Root nodule symbioses (nodulation) and whole genome duplication (WGD, polyploidy) are both important phenomena in the legume family (Leguminosae). Recently, it has been proposed that polyploidy may have played a critical role in the origin or refinement of nodulation. However, while nodulation and polyploidy have been studied independently, there have been no direct studies of mechanisms affecting the interactions between these phenomena in symbiotic, nodule-forming species. Here, we examined the transcriptome-level responses to inoculation in the young allopolyploid Glycine dolichocarpa (T2) and its diploid progenitor species to identify underlying processes leading to the enhanced nodulation responses previously identified in T2. We assessed the differential expression of genes and, using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), identified modules associated with nodulation and compared their expression between species. These transcriptomic analyses revealed patterns of non-additive expression in T2, with evidence of transcriptional responses to inoculation that were distinct from one or both progenitors. These differential responses elucidate mechanisms underlying the nodulation-related differences observed between T2 and the diploid progenitors. Our results indicate that T2 has reduced stress-related transcription, coupled with enhanced transcription of modules and genes implicated in hormonal signaling, both of which are important for nodulation.
The Morphometry of the Deep-Water Sinuous Mendocino Channel and the Immediate Environs, Northeastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Gardner James
Published: November 2017

Mendocino Channel, a deep-water sinuous channel located along the base of Gorda Escarpment, was for the first time completely mapped with a multibeam echosounder. This study uses newly acquired multibeam bathymetry and backscatter, together with supporting multichannel seismic and sediment core data to quantitatively describe the morphometry of the entire Mendocino Channel and to explore the age and possible causes that may have contributed to the formation and maintenance of the channel. The first 42 km of the channel is a linear reach followed for the next 83.8 km by a sinuous reach. The sinuous reach has a sinuosity index of 1.66 before it changes back to a linear reach for the next 22.2 km. A second sinuous reach is 40.2 km long and the two reaches are separated by a crevasse splay and a large landslide that deflected the channel northwest towards Gorda Basin. Both sinuous reaches have oxbow bends, cut-off meanders, interior and exterior terraces and extensive levee systems. The lower sinuous reach becomes more linear for the next 22.2 km before the channel relief falls below the resolution of the data. Levees suddenly decrease in height above the channel floor mid-way along the lower linear reach close to where the channel makes a 90° turn to the southwest. The entire channel floor is smooth at the resolution of the data and only two large mounds and one large sediment pile were found on the channel floor. The bathymetry and acoustic backscatter, together with previously collected seismic data and box and piston cores provide details to suggest Mendocino Channel may be no older than early Quaternary. A combination of significant and numerous earthquakes and wave-loading resuspension by storms are the most likely processes that generated turbidity currents that have formed and modified Mendocino Channel.
Viral Oncology: Molecular Biology and Pathogenesis
Authors: Mui Uyen , Haley Christopher , Tyring Stephen
Published: November 2017

Oncoviruses are implicated in approximately 12% of all human cancers. A large number of the world’s population harbors at least one of these oncoviruses, but only a small proportion of these individuals go on to develop cancer. The interplay between host and viral factors is a complex process that works together to create a microenvironment conducive to oncogenesis. In this review, the molecular biology and oncogenic pathways of established human oncoviruses will be discussed. Currently, there are seven recognized human oncoviruses, which include Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Human Papillomavirus (HPV), Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV), Human T-cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1), Human Herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8), and Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV). Available and emerging therapies for these oncoviruses will be mentioned.
Electropolymerisation of Aniline on AZ91 Magnesium Alloy: The Effect of Coating Electrolyte Corrosiveness
Authors: Baloch Asif , Kannan M.
Published: November 2017

In this study, polyaniline was coated on AZ91 magnesium alloy using an electropolymerisation technique, and the effect of corrosiveness of the coating electrolytes on the polymerisation and the coating performance were evaluated. Two electrolytes, i.e., aniline + sodium salicylate (PASS) and aniline + potassium hydroxide (PAPH), with different corrosiveness, were used for polyaniline coating on AZ91 magnesium alloy. Potentiodynamic polarisation results suggested that salicylic acid (C7H5NaO3) was more corrosive for the alloy than potassium hydroxide (KOH), which can be attributed to the difference in the pH of the electrolytes. The PASS electrolyte coating formed on the alloy was relatively thick (~9 µm) and exhibited scattered pore-like morphology, whereas the PAPH electrolyte coating was thin (~3 µm) and uniform. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis revealed that the PASS electrolyte coating corresponds to polyaniline, whereas the PAPH electrolyte coating showed weak polyaniline bands. The corrosion protection performance of the coatings was evaluated in chloride-containing solution. The potentiodynamic polarisation results suggested that the corrosion rate of the alloy decreased significantly with the PASS electrolyte coating, whereas the PAPH electrolyte coating was detrimental. The degree of protection (DP) provided by the PASS electrolyte coating was ~83%. Post-corrosion analysis revealed higher corrosion attack in the PAPH electrolyte-coated alloy in comparison with the PASS electrolyte coated alloy. Thus, it can be concluded that the corrosiveness of the PASS coating electrolyte did not adversely affect the formation/performance of polyaniline on AZ91 magnesium alloy.
Effects of the Manufacturing Process on the Reliability of the Multilayer Structure in MetalMUMPs Actuators: Residual Stresses and Variation of Design Parameters
Authors: Guo Jianbin , Wang Jinling , Zeng Shengkui , Silberschmidt Vadim V. , Shen Yongguang
Published: November 2017

Potential problems induced by the multilayered manufacturing process pose a serious threat to the long-term reliability of MEMSCAP® actuators under in-service thermal cycling. Damage would initiate and propagate in different material layers because of a large mismatch of their thermal expansions. In this research, residual stresses and variations of design parameters induced by metal multi-user micro electromechanical system processes (MetalMUMPs) were examined to evaluate their effects on the thermal fatigue lifetime of the multilayer structure and, thus, to improve MEMSCAP® design. Since testing in such micro internal structure is difficult to conduct and traditional testing schemes are destructive, a numerical subdomain method based on a finite element technique was employed. Thermomechanical deformation from metal to insulator layers under in-service temperature cycling (obtained from the multiphysics model of the entire actuator, which was validated by experimental and specified analytical solutions) was accurately estimated to define failures with a significant efficiency and feasibility. Simulation results showed that critical failure modes included interface delamination, plastic deformation, micro cracking, and thermal fatigue, similarly to what was concluded in the MEMSCAP® technical report.
Pick-and-Place Operation of Single Cell Using Optical and Electrical Measurements for Robust Manipulation
Authors: Nagai Moeto , Kato Keita , Oohara Kiyotaka , Shibata Takayuki
Published: November 2017

A robust pick and placement operation of a single cell is necessary for efficient sample collection. Detection and manipulation of single cells requires minimum invasiveness. We report a less-invasive method for picking up and placing single cells using optical and electrical observations for robust cell manipulation. We measured the ionic current through a glass pipette during a cell capture and release operation to detect its capture. Trapping a cell on the pipette tip by suction decreased the current and allowed the detection of cell capture within 1 s. A time-series ionic current was sensitive to the location of a cell and effective at detecting a single cell. A time-series ionic current had a higher signal-to-noise ratio than time-series microscope images. Cell membrane integrity was analyzed at the different capturing and voltage conditions. Serum protein coating shows improvement of a cell release from a pipette tip. Measurement of trajectory and distance of a cell reveals that the movement depends on an ejection flow and the flow in a dish. We achieved a pick-up and placement operation for single cells that was compatible with an open-top microwell while performing observations using optical microscopy and measurements using an electrical current.
Low-Cost High-Speed In-Plane Stroboscopic Micro-Motion Analyzer
Authors: Pandey Shashank S. , Banerjee Aishwaryadev , Karkhanis Mohit U. , Mastrangelo Carlos H.
Published: November 2017

Instrumentation for high-speed imaging and laser vibrometry is essential for the understanding and analysis of microstructure dynamics, but commercial instruments are largely unaffordable for most microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) laboratories. We present the implementation of a very low cost in-plane micro motion stroboscopic analyzer that can be directly attached to a conventional probe station. The low-cost analyzer has been used to characterize the harmonic motion of 52.1 kHz resonating comb drive microactuators using ~50 ns pulsed light-emitting diode (LED) stroboscope exposure times, producing sharp and high resolution (~0.5 μm) device images at resonance, which rivals those of several orders of magnitude more expensive systems. This paper details the development of the high-speed stroboscopic imaging system and presents experimental results of motion analysis of example microstructures and a discussion of its operating limits. The system is shown to produce stable stroboscopic LED illumination to freeze device images up to 11 MHz.
2-Substituted Aniline as a Simple Scaffold for LuxR-Regulated QS Modulation
Authors: Li Sizhe , Wawrzyniak Julien , Queneau Yves , Soulère Laurent
Published: November 2017

The ability of the 2-substituted aniline motif to serve as a scaffold for designing potential LuxR-regulated quorum sensing (QS) modulators has been investigated, using docking experiments and biological evaluation of a series of 15 specially synthesized compounds. Aniline, 2-acetyl-aniline and 2-nitroaniline were considered, as well as their N-acylated derivatives. Docking experiments showed that the 2-substituted aniline motif fits within the LuxR binding site at the place of the lactone moiety of AHL, and the biological evaluation revealed QS antagonisitic activity for several compounds, validating the hypothesis that this scaffold acts on QS. Structure activity relationships are discussed regarding interactions with the key residues of the LuxR binding site, showing significant variations in the H-bonding pattern.
Blue and Red LED Illumination Improves Growth and Bioactive Compounds Contents in Acyanic and Cyanic Ocimum basilicum L. Microgreens
Authors: Lobiuc Andrei , Vasilache Viorica , Oroian Mircea , Stoleru Toma , Burducea Marian , Pintilie Olga , Zamfirache Maria-Magdalena
Published: November 2017

Microgreens are an excellent source of health-maintaining compounds, and the accumulation of these compounds in plant tissues may be stimulated by exogenous stimuli. While light quality effects on green basil microgreens are known, the present paper aims at improving the quality of acyanic (green) and cyanic (red) basil microgreens with different ratios of LED blue and red illumination. Growth, assimilatory and anthocyanin pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence, total phenolic, flavonoids, selected phenolic acid contents and antioxidant activity were assessed in microgreens grown for 17 days. Growth of microgreens was enhanced with predominantly blue illumination, larger cotyledon area and higher fresh mass. The same treatment elevated chlorophyll a and anthocyanin pigments contents. Colored light treatments decreased chlorophyll fluorescence ΦPSII values significantly in the green cultivar. Stimulation of phenolic synthesis and free radical scavenging activity were improved by predominantly red light in the green cultivar (up to 1.87 fold) and by predominantly blue light in the red cultivar (up to 1.73 fold). Rosmarinic and gallic acid synthesis was higher (up to 15- and 4-fold, respectively, compared to white treatment) in predominantly blue illumination. Red and blue LED ratios can be tailored to induce superior growth and phenolic contents in both red and green basil microgreens, as a convenient tool for producing higher quality foods.
How Children Describe the Fruits of Meditation
Authors: Keating Noel
Published: November 2017

Using an interdisciplinary approach and a phenomenological, hermeneutic, mystagogical methodology, this paper explores how children describe the deep fruits of meditation in their lives. Seventy children, aged 7 to 11, from four Irish primary schools were interviewed; all had engaged in meditation as a whole-school practice for at least two-years beforehand. The study sought to elicit from children their experience, if any, of the transcendent in meditation. It concludes that children can and do enjoy deep states of consciousness and that meditation has the capacity to nourish the innate spirituality of the child. It highlights the importance of personal spiritual experience for children and supports the introduction of meditation in primary schools.
Gold Nanoparticles Used as Protein Scavengers Enhance Surface Plasmon Resonance Signal
Authors: Ferreira de Macedo Erenildo , Ducatti Formaggio Daniela , Salles Santos Nivia , Batista Tada Dayane
Published: November 2017

Although several researchers had reported on methodologies for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) signal amplification based on the use of nanoparticles (NPs), the majority addressed the sandwich technique and low protein concentration. In this work, a different approach for SPR signal enhancement based on the use of gold NPs was evaluated. The method was used in the detection of two lectins, peanut agglutinin (PNA) and concanavalin A (ConA). Gold NPs were functionalized with antibodies anti-PNA and anti-ConA, and these NPs were used as protein scavengers in a solution. After being incubated with solutions of PNA or ConA, the gold NPs coupled with the collected lectins were injected on the sensor containing the immobilized antibodies. The signal amplification provided by this method was compared to the signal amplification provided by the direct coupling of PNA and ConA to gold NPs. Furthermore, both methods, direct coupling and gold NPs as protein scavengers, were compared to the direct detection of PNA and ConA in solution. Compared to the analysis of free protein, the direct coupling of PNA and ConA to gold NPs resulted in a signal amplification of 10–40-fold and a 13-fold decrease of the limit of detection (LOD), whereas the use of gold NPs as protein scavengers resulted in an SPR signal 40–50-times higher and an LOD 64-times lower.
Green Cloud Computing: A Literature Survey
Authors: Radu Laura-Diana
Published: November 2017

Cloud computing is a dynamic field of information and communication technologies (ICTs), introducing new challenges for environmental protection. Cloud computing technologies have a variety of application domains, since they offer scalability, are reliable and trustworthy, and offer high performance at relatively low cost. The cloud computing revolution is redesigning modern networking, and offering promising environmental protection prospects as well as economic and technological advantages. These technologies have the potential to improve energy efficiency and to reduce carbon footprints and (e-)waste. These features can transform cloud computing into green cloud computing. In this survey, we review the main achievements of green cloud computing. First, an overview of cloud computing is given. Then, recent studies and developments are summarized, and environmental issues are specifically addressed. Finally, future research directions and open problems regarding green cloud computing are presented. This survey is intended to serve as up-to-date guidance for research with respect to green cloud computing.
Féminin idéal. Idéal, idéalisation, idéaux
Authors: Chabert Catherine
Published: November 2017

La question de l’idéal s’inscrit régulièrement dans le double courant du collectif et de l’individuel : il a à voir avec les identifications, il peut être pris dans les réseaux des représentations extrêmes, il est le produit du narcissisme et peut se constituer dans un antagonisme plus ou moins fort par rapport au conflit, au surmoi et à la castration. Il se trouve inéluctablement impliqué par ses liens avec les désirs et les interdits, c’est-à-dire avec la vie pulsionnelle et les défenses qui permettent d’en traiter les effets. À partir de la fiction, du mythe et de la littérature et de leurs croisements avec la métapsychologie, l’auteure analyse les différentes figures de féminin idéal. Elle propose également une étude clinique qui interroge le narcissisme dans ses accointances avec l’idéal et ses dérivés.
User Experience in Institutional Repositories
Authors: González-Pérez Laura Icela , Ramírez-Montoya María-Soledad , García-Peñalvo Francisco J.
Published: November 2017

Disruptive ideas and innovative business models take shape from observing and investigating the needs and demands of potential users and measuring their success based on the acceptance by users and their satisfaction. In an educational context, a new mission of the university has emerged, supported by the transfer of open access knowledge through Institutional Repositories (IR); it is important to know the motivations and needs of the academic community to promote scientific dissemination using these platforms. The present article uses the method of systematic literature review: using 29 studies from SCOPUS and WoS, involving the topics User-Centered Design (UCD) and repositories. The results show that two of the three UCD phases—evaluation and requirements—are closely linked and are the reiterative focus of UCD; thus, it is desirable to promote the design of custom-made prototypes according to the users' motivations. It is necessary to redefine methodologies for IR development within open-access ecosystems to guide them towards meeting their potential users' needs and motivations.
End-to-End Web Service Recommendations by Extending Collaborative Topic Regression
Authors: Bai Bing , Fan Yushun , Tan Wei , Zhang Jia , Huang Keman , Bi Jing
Published: November 2017

Mashup has emerged as a lightweight way to compose multiple web services and create value-added compositions. Facing the large amount of services, effective service recommendations are in great need. Service recommendations for mashup queries suffers from a mashup-side cold-start problem, and traditional approaches usually overcome this by first applying topic models to mine topic proportions of services and mashup queries, and then using them for subsequent recommendations. This solution overlooks the fact that usage record can provide a feedback for text extraction. Besides, traditional approaches usually treat all the usage records equally, and overlook the fact that the service usage pattern is evolving. In this article, the authors overcome these issues and propose an end-to-end service recommendation algorithm by extending collaborative topic regression. The result is a generative process to model the whole procedure of service selection; thus, usage can guide the mining of text content, and meanwhile, they give time-aware confidence levels to different historical usages. Experiments on the real-world ProgrammableWeb data set show that the proposed algorithm gains an improvement of 6.3% in terms of mAP@50 and 10.6% in terms of Recall@50 compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Catalytic effect of capital transfers in a federal context: the case of Spanish regions
Authors: Vallés-Giménez Jaime , Zárate-Marco Anabel
Published: November 2017

There is a broad theoretical consensus on the effects of transfers (desired incentive impacts and induced adverse effects). But, as the literature review shows, there is not an accepted methodology for the empirical evaluation of these effects. The authors suggest a simple but rigorous empirical approach to quantify the catalytic effect of conditioned transfers for investment and their asymmetric impact across regions in Spain. To identify this behaviour, they have applied different empirical approaches with frontier techniques that let them consider the frontier as a proxy for potential investment. The results show that the conditioned transfers received by the regions from higher levels of government have a stimulus effect for investments, especially in the poor regions. The authors identify several factors explaining this unbalanced catalytic effect: the political cost of tax collection, political factors, inadequate management of debt, and other variables such as the level of economic development, population density, and the economic cycle.
How costly are public sector inefficiencies? A theoretical framework for rationalising fiscal consolidations
Authors: Onrubia-Fernández Jorge , Fuentes A. Jesús Sánchez
Published: November 2017

Fiscal adjustments consisting of spending cuts or tax increases are generally presented as the unavoidable way for achieving public finance sustainability in the long term. However, this view of fiscal consolidation processes is limited as it leaves out other aspects related to public sector performance which are relevant not only from the macroeconomic but also from the microeconomic perspective. This paper models Public Sector Performance (PSP) by proposing a theoretical framework that integrates the conventional methodology for measuring its productive efficiency and the monetary assessment of social welfare changes linked to public policy reforms. Two equivalent measures of social welfare change generated by improving (or worsening) productive efficiency are deduced using duality theory. The first is obtained from the cost function, while the second arises directly from the production function. The results reveal that taking advantage of budgetary savings obtained from this approach constitutes a valuable tool for designing welfareenhancing fiscal consolidation packages, meanwhile promoting sound fiscal balances and growth prospects over the long term.
On the Thermodynamic and Dynamic Aspects of Immersion Ice Nucleation
Authors: Barahona Donifan
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Heterogeneous ice nucleation initiated by particles immersed within droplets is likely the main pathway of ice formation in the atmosphere. Theoretical models commonly used to describe this process assume that it mimics ice formation from the vapor, neglecting interactions unique to the liquid phase. This work introduces a new approach that accounts for such interactions by linking the ability of particles to promote ice formation to the modification of the properties of water near the particle-liquid interface. It is shown that the same mechanism that lowers the thermodynamic barrier for ice nucleation also tends to decrease the mobility of water molecules, hence the ice-liquid interfacial flux. Heterogeneous ice nucleation in the liquid phase is thus determined by the competition between thermodynamic and kinetic constraints to the formation and propagation of ice. At the limit, ice nucleation may be mediated by the dynamics of vicinal water instead of the nucleation work. This new ice nucleation regime is termed spinodal ice nucleation. Comparison of predicted nucleation rates against published data suggests that some materials of atmospheric relevance may nucleate ice in this regime.
Report on the ICDP workshop DIVE (Drilling the Ivrea–Verbano zonE)
Authors: Pistone Mattia , Müntener Othmar , Ziberna Luca , Hetényi György , Zanetti Alberto
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Ivrea–Verbano Zone is the most complete, time-integrated crust–upper mantle archive in the world. It is a unique target for assembling data on the deep crust and the Moho transition zone and testing several hypotheses of formation, evolution, and modification of the continental crust through space and time across the Earth. The ICDP workshop Drilling the Ivrea–Verbano zonE (DIVE), held in Baveno, Italy, from 1 to 5 May 2017, focused on the scientific objectives and the technical aspects of drilling and sampling in the Ivrea–Verbano Zone at depth. A total of 47 participants from 9 countries with a wide variety of scientific and/or drilling expertise attended the meeting. Discussion on the proposed targets sharpened the main research lines and led to working groups and the necessary technical details to compile the full drilling proposal. The participants of the workshop concluded that four drilling operations in the Val Sesia and Val d'Ossola crustal sections represent the scientifically most promising solution to achieve the major goals within DIVE to unravel the physico-chemical properties and architecture of the lower continental crust towards the crust–mantle (Moho) transition zone.
The efficiency of tram articulations compared to vibroacoustic emissions
Authors: Nowakowski Tomasz , Komorski Paweł , Tomaszewski Franciszek
Published: November 2017

Human quality of life is constantly increasing, and so does the comfort of travel by various means of public transport, especially rail transport. One of the more crucial criteria for assessment of travel comfort is vibroacoustic comfort. This aspect is also substantial among rail vehicle operators and manufacturers. Sound quality evaluation is related to psychoacoustic indicators, but reducing the levels of acoustic pressure does not always correlate to increased quality of the perceived sound and improvement of human sound perception. Moreover the cause of unpleasant noise has to be taken into consideration. In many examples it is induced by specific vibrations and/or friction forces through components. The following article presents experimental research carried out in the in-situ conditions, testing the quality of work carried out by tram articulations considering vibroacoustic emissions. Several measurements were taken of vibroacoustic signals in several urban rail vehicles of the same type. Two different trams were chosen for analysis and their vibroacoustic emission levels as well as sound quality parameters were compared. One of the more crucial aspects of the research was to determine the dependency between vibrations around the area of articulations and squealing noise. The results indicate a large correlation between signals and deterioration in the work quality of the articulation in the given tram. Moreover, the authors suggest expanding on currently carried out maintenance in order to minimise inconvenient vibroacoustic phenomena during use.
LOCAL FOOD SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE FOR RURAL AREAS
Authors: Matysik-Pejas Renata , Cieślik Jerzy , Borecka Anna , Sowula-Skrzyńska Elżbieta
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study is to present the essence and role of local food systems in rural areas. The study has a review form and is based on secondary sources. Local food systems are an alternative to conventional systems of production, processing and distribution of food. For local food systems characteristic are short food supply chains, which enables the development of more cooperative forms of relationship between rural producers and consumers, who are looking for locally produced food with specific values of quality. The economic benefits of local food systems are manifested directly among others in increase farm income and indirectly they are visible their interaction with the whole local economy. Social benefits are manifested in social inclusion and the quality of life of local communities, while environmental benefits are a result of more sustainable and environmentally friendly farming practices. Thanks to the positive impact, the role of local food systems in revitalizing rural areas is increasingly appreciated.
SELECTED ASPECTS OF THE LENDING ACTIVITIES OF POLISH COOPERATIVE BANK SA IN THE YEARS 2010-2015
Authors: Pomarańska Joanna , Grontkowska Anna
Published: November 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate the changes in the value of loans and their structure by type of customers, maturity and geographic location of clients of Polish Cooperative Bank SA in the years 2010-2015. The annual financial statements show the predominant share of loans extended to corporate clients in the total value of loans granted. There was a noticeable increase in the share of loans with maturity. Mazowieckie, Dolnośląskie and Małopolskie voivodships are the ones where the highest value loans were granted.
Os sentidos produzidos para a violência contra as mulheres a partir da perspectiva dos profissionais da delegacia especializada de atendimento à mulher de Betim-MG
Authors: Oliveira Carolina Mesquita , Costa Moreira Maria Ignez
Published: November 2017

Este artigo apresenta os resultados da pesquisa de mestrado “Os sentidos produzidos para a violência contra as mulheres pela equipe da delegacia especializada de atendimento às mulheres de Betim-MG” (2015), que buscou compreender os sentidos produzidos para a violência contra as mulheres pela equipe da Delegacia Especializada de Atendimento à Mulher (DEAM) de Betim-MG e os atravessamentos desses sentidos na condução dos atendimentos prestados às mulheres. A pesquisa de cunho qualitativo foi realizada na DEAM, onde foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com os dez profissionais que compõem a equipe desse serviço. As entrevistas gravadas e transcritas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Foi possível perceber que a equipe da DEAM compreende que a interrupção da violência sofrida depende da atitude das mulheres. Em primeiro lugar, impedindo que a violência aconteça e, posteriormente, decidindo, sem hesitação, pelo prosseguimento do inquérito policial e do processo judicial, com o objetivo de punir os agressores. Os relatos das mulheres que sofrem violências recorrentes ou que se apresentam inseguras diante da abertura do inquérito e da continuidade do processo são interpretados como sinais de que elas próprias são responsáveis pela violência sofrida. 
Factor V Inhibitors: A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Olson Nicholas J. , Ornstein Deborah L.
Published: November 2017

Historically, inhibitors to coagulation factor V (FV) most often have developed in patients treated with bovine thrombin, a topical hemostatic agent used during surgical procedures. With the advent of newer hemostatic agents, and the concurrent diminished use of bovine thrombin, the incidence of FV inhibitors has fallen. Nevertheless, FV inhibitors are occasionally seen on an idiopathic basis as well as in association with medications, malignancies, autoimmune disorders, pregnancy, and infections. Factor V inhibitors may present with life-threatening bleeding or thrombosis, or they may be discovered incidentally as a coagulation screening test abnormality. Management of patients with FV inhibitors is challenging and consists of control of bleeding and eradication of the inhibitor. In this short overview we review the role of platelet and plasma FV in hemostasis and discuss the unique characteristics, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis associated with FV inhibitors.
Hermit crab response to a visual threat is sensitive to looming cues
Authors: Shragai Talya , Ping Xiaoge , Arakaki Cameron , Garlick Dennis , Blumstein Daniel T. , Blaisdell Aaron P.
Published: November 2017

Prior work in our lab has shown that an expanding image on a computer screen elicits a hiding response in the Caribbean terrestrial hermit crab (Coenobita clypeatus). We conducted two experiments to identify what properties of the expanding stimulus contribute to its effectiveness as a visual threat. First we found that an expanding geometric star evoked a strong hiding response while a contracting or full-sized stationary star did not. A second experiment revealed that the more quickly the stimulus expanded the shorter the latency to hide. These findings suggest that the anti-predator response to looming stimulus relies heavily on visual cues relating to the manner of approach. The simulated visual threat on a computer screen captures key features of a real looming object that elicits hiding behavior in crabs in the wild.
Dry Etching with Nanoparticles: Formation of High Aspect‐Ratio Pores and Channels Using Magnetic Gold Nanoclusters
Authors: Kadasala Naveen Reddy , Saei Mojib , Cheng Gary J. , Wei Alexander
Published: November 2017

Methods for generating nanopores in substrates typically involve one or more wet‐etching steps. Here a fundamentally different approach to produce nanopores in sheet substrates under dry, ambient conditions, using nanosecond‐pulsed laser irradiation and magnetic gold nanoclusters (MGNCs) as the etching agents is described. Thermoplastic films (50–75 µm thickness) are coated with MGNCs then exposed to laser pulses with a coaxial magnetic field gradient, resulting in high‐aspect ratio channels with tapered cross sections as characterized by confocal fluorescence tomography. The dry‐etching process is applicable to a wide variety of substrates ranging from fluoropolymers to borosilicate glass, with etch rates in excess of 1 µm s–1. Finite‐element modeling suggests that the absorption of laser pulses by MGNCs can produce temperature spikes of nearly 1000 °C, which is sufficient for generating photoacoustic responses that can drive particles into the medium, guided by magnetomotive force.
One‐Pot Selective Functionalization of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles with N‐tosylhydrazones and Amines
Authors: Naret Timothée , Bzeih Tourin , Retailleau Pascal , Alami Mouad , Hamze Abdallah
Published: November 2017

A new one‐pot reaction between N‐tosylhydrazones, nitrogen‐containing heterocycles and amines has been developed. Depending on the reaction conditions chosen, the C−C or C−N bond formation has occurred as a first step controlling the functionalization of the heterocycle. A library of highly substituted heterocycles was then synthesized in moderate to excellent yields.

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Site‐Selective Linear Alkylation of Anilides by Cooperative Nickel/Aluminum Catalysis
Authors: Okumura Shogo , Komine Takuya , Shigeki Erika , Semba Kazuhiko , Nakao Yoshiaki
Published: November 2017

We report meta‐ and para‐selective linear alkylation reactions of anilides with alkenes by nickel/N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and aluminum catalysis. With a less bulky NHC, the alkylation reaction of N‐methyl‐N‐phenylcyclohexanecarboxamides proceeded mainly at the meta position. In contrast, a bulky NHC ligand led to the para‐selective alkylation of N‐sec‐alkyl anilides.
Gold‐Catalyzed Dearomatization of 2‐Naphthols with Alkynes
Authors: An Juzeng , Parodi Adriano , Monari Magda , Reis Marta Castiñeira , Lopez Carlos Silva , Bandini Marco
Published: November 2017

The site‐selective dearomatization of naphthols is realized in a straightforward manner through a gold(I)‐catalyzed [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangement/allene functionalization cascade sequence. The method employs readily available naphthylpropargyl ethers as starting materials. A range of densely functionalized dihydrofurylnaphthalen‐2(1H)‐ones are obtained in high yields (up to 98 %) and extremely mild reaction conditions (reagent grade solvent, air, 10 minute reaction time). A complete theoretical elucidation of the reaction machinery is also proposed, providing a rationale for important issues such as regio‐ and chemoselectivity.
Climate change affecting oil palm agronomy, and oil palm cultivation increasing climate change, require amelioration
Authors: Paterson R. Russell M. , Lima Nelson
Published: November 2017

Palm oil is used in various valued commodities and is a large global industry worth over US$ 50 billion annually. Oil palms (OP) are grown commercially in Indonesia and Malaysia and other countries within Latin America and Africa. The large‐scale land‐use change has high ecological, economic, and social impacts. Tropical countries in particular are affected negatively by climate change (CC) which also has a detrimental impact on OP agronomy, whereas the cultivation of OP increases CC. Amelioration of both is required. The reduced ability to grow OP will reduce CC, which may allow more cultivation tending to increase CC, in a decreasing cycle. OP could be increasingly grown in more suitable regions occurring under CC. Enhancing the soil fauna may compensate for the effect of CC on OP agriculture to some extent. The effect of OP cultivation on CC may be reduced by employing reduced emissions from deforestation and forest degradation plans, for example, by avoiding illegal fire land clearing. Other ameliorating methods are reported herein. More research is required involving good management practices that can offset the increases in CC by OP plantations. Overall, OP‐growing countries should support the Paris convention on reducing CC as the most feasible scheme for reducing CC.
Change in Magnetic Domain Structure of Nd‐Fe‐B Sintered Magnets by Compressive Stress
Authors: TAKEZAWA MASAAKI , MORIMOTO YUJI , EJIMA JUN , NAKANO YOSHIKAZU , ARAKI TAKESHI
Published: November 2017

To clarify the relationship between compressive stresses and demagnetization of Nd‐Fe‐B sintered magnets, we have examined the change in domain configuration by compressive stresses using a Kerr microscope. The magnetic domains of five kinds of Nd‐Fe‐B sintered magnets have been observed. The magnets have a coercivity of 0.8 MA/m to 1.4 MA/m and residual magnetic flux density of 1.3 T to 1.5 T. Irreversible demagnetization of Nd‐Fe‐B magnets with a low coercivity of 0.875 MA/m and high residual magnetic flux density of 1.41 T to 1.47 T have occurred from applying a compressive stress of 100 MPa. The compression‐affected area is approximately 0.14%. The stress more than 50 MPa is needed to demagnetize Nd‐Fe‐B magnets. The amount of irreversible demagnetization depends upon the intensity of the compressive stress as well as the residual magnetic flux and coercive force of the magnets.
Elevated pCO2 affects the lactate metabolic shift in CHO cell culture processes
Authors: Brunner Matthias , Doppler Philipp , Klein Tobias , Herwig Christoph , Fricke Jens
Published: November 2017

The shift from lactate production to consumption in CHO cell metabolism is a key event during cell culture cultivations and is connected to increased culture longevity and final product titers. However, the mechanisms controlling this metabolic shift are not yet fully understood. Variations in lactate metabolism have been mainly reported to be induced by process pH and availability of substrates like glucose and glutamine. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of elevated pCO2 concentrations on the lactate metabolic shift phenomena in CHO cell culture processes. In this publication, we show that at elevated pCO2 in batch and fed‐batch cultures, the lactate metabolic shift was absent in comparison to control cultures at lower pCO2 values. Furthermore, through metabolic flux analysis we found a link between the lactate metabolic shift and the ratio of NADH producing and regenerating intracellular pathways. This ratio was mainly affected by a reduced oxidative capacity of cultures at elevated pCO2. The presented results are especially interesting for large‐scale and perfusion processes where increased pCO2 concentrations are likely to occur. Our results suggest, that so far unexplained metabolic changes may be connected to increased pCO2 accumulation in larger scale fermentations. Finally, we propose several mechanisms through which increased pCO2 might affect the cell metabolism and briefly discuss methods to enable the lactate metabolic shift during cell cultivations.