bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DO ESTADO DE COISAS INCONSTITUCIONAL NA ADPF 347 E SEU PAPEL COMO INSTRUMENTO NA EFETIVAÇÃO DA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA CARCERÁRIA
Authors: Nunes Lopes Espiñeira Lemos Amanda , Dias Marques da Cruz Gabriel
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho objetiva perceber os desdobramentos da incorporação da técnica colombiana do “estado de coisas inconstitucional” pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal na jurisdição brasileira, por meio da Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental nº 347. Assim, propõe-se a analisar a ADPF 347 como instrumento de efetividade da política pública prisional, objeto da ação. A partir do modelo do “policy cycle”, busca-se compreender em qual etapa desse ciclo da política pública carcerária a ADPF se insere e quais as repercussões da incorporação do ECI pelo STF nesta ação, para sua efetivação. Trata-se de um estudo de caso da ADPF 347, em uma análise qualitativa, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e jurisprudencial.
DO DIREITO À ATENÇÃO BÁSICA EM SAÚDE AO DIREITO À ALIMENTAÇÃO SAUDÁVEL NA ZONA DA UNASUL: REFLEXÕES SÓCIO JURÍDICAS
Authors: Sturza Janaína Machado , Martini Sandra Regina
Published: February 2018

O presente texto volta-se para a relação entre direito à saúde, atenção básica e alimentação saudável, no contexto da segurança alimentar, à partir dos determinantes sociais em saúde pertinentes à algumas das regiões da UNASUL. A análise estabelece-se à partir das linhas teóricas da Teoria Geral dos Sistemas Sociais de Luhmann e da Metateoria do Direito Fraterno de Eligio Resta, através de um estudo bibliográfico que segue o método hipotético dedutivo. Nesta perspectiva, identificamos a necessidade de buscar um aspecto específico da saúde e do determinante social alimentação, questão básica para que se possa falar em qualquer direito.
REVOLUÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA, REDES SOCIAIS E DESAFIOS CONTEMPORÂNEOS PARA EFETIVAÇÃO DA CIBERDEMOCRACIA E DOS DIREITOS DO E-CIDADÃO: UMA PROPOSTA PARA REFERENDUM DE QUESTÕES POLÍTICAS IMPORTANTES
Authors: Soares Marcelo Negri , Bezerra Eudes Vitor
Published: February 2018

Este artigo, utilizando o método hipotético-dedutivo, sendo produto de estudos em nível de tese de doutoramento, analisa a revolução tecnológica, redes sociais e desafios contemporâneos para efetivação da ciberdemocracia e dos direitos do e-cidadão e, por fim, em sabendo da disponibilidade tecnológica, elabora uma proposta para referendum direto, não para todas as decisões, mas para questões políticas importantes na vida do cidadão brasileiro e que sejam compatíveis com esse modelo, que não colidam com direitos das minorias, com o nível de politização e educacional existente, bem como com matérias que exigem sigilo na tramitação, como no âmbito diplomático e dos direitos internacionais.
DIREITOS HUMANOS DA MULHER: REFLEXÕES SOBRE VIOLÊNCIA E TRABALHO NO BRASIL
Authors: Nascimento Grasiele Augusta Ferreira , Villas Bôas Regina Vera
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo apresenta um estudo a respeito dos Direitos Humanos da mulher, especialmente em relação à violência vivenciada na família e na sociedade, à inserção e às discriminações enfrentadas no trabalho. A análise é realizada por meio do método teórico-documental, com base em dados estatísticos oficiais e na legislação brasileira atual.
ANÁLISE ESTRUTURAL E FUNCIONAL VOLTADA À PARTICIPAÇÃO QUANTO À REFORMA DA EDUCAÇÃO PELA NOVA LEI DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Schneider Cleber José Tizziani , Silva Rogério Luiz Nery da
Published: February 2018

O tema deste estudo é justiça social, com recorte central na inclusão de pessoas negligenciadas por meio da educação voltada ao pleno desenvolvimento como política pública. O problema de pesquisa é discutir o excessivo direcionamento para a educação profissionalizante como inibidor de potencialidades participativas do estudante. Justificativa: atualidade do debate pelo advento da reforma pela nova lei do Ensino Médio. O método de trabalho será dedutivo dialético, com pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica e normativa. Conclusão: reforma do Ensino Médio põe em risco a autodeterminação dos estudantes ao restringir suas possibilidades de escolha sobre seus destinos.
A CERTIFICAÇÃO FAIR TRADE NA WFTO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE PRINCÍPIOS E CRITÉRIOS DO PARA SEGURANÇA CONSUMIDOR
Authors: Stelzer Joana , Wieira Keite
Published: February 2018

O Fair Trade envida esforços para comercializar produtos de organizações sustentáveis, especialmente localizadas em países em desenvolvimento. A WFTO representa um dos principais atores globais no âmbito do Comércio Justo e congrega associados que defendem seus princípios, conforme critérios de admissão.  O objetivo geral da presente investigação busca avaliar esses parâmetros para trazer elementos de discussão relativos à segurança da certificação nas relações de consumo. Com base nessas informações, descreveu-se a certificação do projeto Toca Tapetes. O método utilizado é crítico indutivo e os meios são bibliográficos. De cunho descritivo, os resultados foram expostos por textos.
DESAFIOS DO PRESENTE E DO FUTURO PARA AS RELAÇÕES DE CONSUMO ANTE INDÚSTRIA 4.0 E A ECONOMIA COLABORATIVA
Authors: Pasqualotto Adalberto , Bublitz Michelle Dias
Published: February 2018

A realidade revela uma mudança de paradigma, que, com advento da tecnologia desafia soluções jurídicas, as quais, embora recentes, são colocadas em xeque. Parece ser o caso do Código de Defesa do Consumidor ante as novas configurações econômicas (ou paraeconômicas). Dois exemplos são aqui considerados: a economia colaborativa e a Indústria 4.0. Frente a cada uma dessas realidades colocam-se diferentes desafios para defesa do consumidor. Na economia colaborativa a questão é: existe relação de consumo? Quanto à Indústria 4.0, pergunta-se: a defesa do consumidor nos moldes atuais é suficiente?
TRATAMENTO DE DADOS PESSOAIS E A LEGISLAÇÃO BRASILEIRA FRENTE AO PROFILING E À DISCRIMINAÇÃO A PARTIR DAS NOVAS TECNOLOGIAS
Authors: Freitas Cinthia Obladen de Almendra
Published: February 2018

Vive-se o universo digital e as TICs impõem a discussão sobre as novas tecnologias de tratamento de dados pessoais, apresentando tanto aspectos técnicos quanto jurídicos. Coube discutir os reflexos do tratamento de dados sob o enfoque do Direito, por meio da legislação pertinente, aqui incluídas as legislações sobre dados, como objeto de interesse ao legislador. A caracterização de perfil (profiling) e a discriminação são apresentadas como reflexos do tratamento de dados que permeiam o jurídico e a tecnologia. O artigo resulta de projeto de pesquisa e segue método dedutivo com caráter explicativo passando pelas fases de pesquisa exploratória e descritiva.
COMPARTILHAMENTO DE DADOS PESSOAIS E A ADMINISTRAÇÃO PÚBLICA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Cella José Renato Gaziero , Copetti Rafael
Published: February 2018

O artigo analisa a proteção de dados pessoais no Brasil e tem como objetivo demonstrar, por meio do método hipotético-dedutivo, se a garantia individual da privacidade, em especial relativamente aos bancos de dados em poder dos órgãos da administração pública federal brasileira, com as inovações normativas trazidas pelo Decreto Federal no 8.789, de 29 de junho de 2016, pode ser mitigada em virtude de interesses econômicos dos órgãos públicos e atenuada em nome da agilidade e resultados decorrentes do compartilhamento dos dados armazenados, evitando a violação por meio de acordos de cooperação.
SOBRE O PAPEL DO DIREITO NO PLANEJAMENTO E CONTROLE DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS – REFLEXÕES SOBRE AS INTERAÇÕES ENTRE O "INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS AND DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK" E O DIREITO
Authors: Dourado Gomes Fernando Alves , Sena Jaqueline Prazeres de
Published: February 2018

Partindo do estado da arte da “policy analysis”, i.e., da investigação do funcionamento de arranjos institucionais complexos feita pela ciência política, o artigo delineia o escopo de um autêntico esforço jurídico interdisciplinar voltado para a compreensão e manejo das políticas públicas. Trata-se de aproximar análises que, apesar de independentes entre si, e de partirem de pressupostos aparentemente muito distintos, apresentam pontos de contato notáveis, que possibilitam aperfeiçoamentos significativos para uma “tecnologia jurídica governamental” da democracia. Em particular, cuida-se de demonstrar as vantagens da incorporação da Institutional Analysis and Devclopment Framework, de Elinor Ostrom, a uma abordagem jurídica das políticas públicas, e de apontar potencialidades estimulantes de sua combinação com outras matrizes teóricas.
DIREITO E ECONOMIA NA CONSECUÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS PARA SAÚDE NO BRASIL: A PUBLIC CHOICE NO ORÇAMENTO, NA JUDICIALIZAÇÃO E NO ATIVISMO JUDICIAL.
Authors: Gonçalves Everton Das Neves , Souza da Silva Marco Aurélio
Published: February 2018

A Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988 estabelece que as políticas públicas assegurem direitos fundamentais como a saúde. O Poder Judiciário, diuturnamente, é solicitado segundo ativismo judicial modificador da dotação orçamentária dos Entes Federados; reflexo da judicialização da saúde. O problema trata dos limites da obrigação judicial desses Entes Federativos custearem tratamentos ou medicamentos. Pelo método dedutivo, o objetivo é abordar a importância do Direito na fixação das políticas públicas para gestão do orçamento e decisão judicial. Conclui-se que o Direito promove eficientes políticas públicas quando considerados os devidos aspectos econômicos segundo estudado no orçamento catarinense de 2014.
O SISTEMA ECONÔMICO BRASILEIRO E A DOSAGEM DOS TRIBUTOS
Authors: Sellmann Milena Zampieri , Leite Filho Paulo Pereira
Published: February 2018

O ponto central do trabalho é a análise do modelo do Estado desenhado pela Constituição, passando pelo sistema econômico brasileiro e a dosagem dos tributos. Para tanto, serão estudados o modelo econômico, o grau de intervenção do Estado na sociedade, a dimensão do poder público e as garantias específicas do contribuinte. A partir desses parâmetros, construir-se-á uma equação que permita uma tributação que satisfaça as decisões políticas estatais, sem sufocar os contribuintes.
Optimization of Power Consumption for the Design of 802.11n MIMO_OFDM System
Authors: Fadhil Muthna Jasim
Published: February 2018

In modern systems communication, different methods have been improved to change the prior imitative techniques that process communication data with high speed. It is necessary to improve (OFDM) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing technique because the development in the guideline communication of wireless system which include security data and transmission data reliability. The applications communications of wireless is important to develop in order to optimize the process of communication leads to reduce the level consumption energy of the output level signal. The architecture of VLSI is used to optimize the performance transceiver in 802.11 n OFDM-MIMO systems, this idea concentrate on the design of 6x6 MIMO_OFDM system in software simulink of MATLAB then using generator system for transfer to code of VHDL and applying in FPGA Xilinx Spartan 3 XC3S200 . The modelsim used to get the simulation while Xilinx power estimator is used to calculate power. The results registered total power consumption about 94mW while compared with previous work  was 136mW which means a high reduction of about 30.8% .
Medical Image Denoising Using Mixed Transforms
Authors: Jameel Jaleel Sadoon
Published: February 2018

In this paper,  a mixed transform method is proposed based on a combination of wavelet transform (WT) and multiwavelet transform (MWT) in order to denoise medical images. The proposed method consists of WT and MWT in cascade form to enhance the denoising performance of image processing. Practically, the first step is to add a noise to Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) or Computed Tomography (CT) images for the sake of testing. The noisy image is processed by WT to achieve four sub-bands and each sub-band is treated individually using MWT before the soft/hard denoising stage. Simulation results show that a high peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is improved significantly and the characteristic features are well preserved by employing mixed transform of WT and MWT due to their capability of separating noise signals from image signals. Moreover, the corresponding mean square error (MSE) is decreased accordingly compared to other available methods.
Asphyxia as a Risk Factor for Neonatal Hypoglycemia
Authors: Mufidati Luthfina , Anggraini Alifah , Wibowo Tunjung
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Hypoglycemia leads to brain developmental disturbances and abnormality on its function. Perinatal stress including asphyxia is a significant cause of neonatal hypoglycemia, thus, it is important to prevent it by controlling its relevant confounding variables. The aims of this study were to identify the risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia and its related variables, focusing on the role of asphyxia in neonatal hypoglycemia.Material and Methods: We conducted a nested case control study using a cohort data from South East Asia Regional Neonatal-Perinatal Database year 2013 of the Maternal and Perinatal Unit, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta. We randomly selected neonatal hypoglycemia as a case and neonatal without hypoglycemia as a control group. We identify the risk factors from the cohort data. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between hypoglycemia and risk factors.Results: A total of 1563 newborns were recruited in this study. Five hundred and twenty newborns were excluded due to incomplete data and major congenital anomalies. By simple randomization sampling, we selected 52 newborns in cases group and 104 newborns in control group. In multivariate models, being asphyxia, low birth weight (LBW), large for gestational age (LGA), and early onset of neonatal sepsis showed significant effects on risk of hypoglycemia, OR= 2.8 (95% CI: 1.01 – 7.80), OR 7.1 (95% CI 1.54-32.37), OR 37.2 (95% CI 6.28-219.85), and OR 40.6 (95% CI 10.84-152.01), respectively.Conclusion: Asphyxia, LBW, LGA and early onset neonatal sepsis were significant risk factor for neonatal hypoglycemia.
Efficacy of Early Yakson Touch and Kinaesthetic Stimulation (Yakin) on the Development of High Risk Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial Protocol
Authors: Parashar Preeti , Samuel Asir John , Aranha Vencita Priyanka
Published: February 2018

Introduction: About 15 million babies are born preterm annually, with every year almost 1 million dying from complications and survivors prone to lifetime disability. Yakson touch and kinaesthetic stimulation techniques have proven effective in minimizing the complications and disability of preterm delivery, but presently there is no standardized protocol for their application. The aim is to investigate the efficacy of Yakson touch in combination with kinaesthetic stimulation (YAKIN) on the motor and behavioural development of neonates at high risk of development delay in comparison to conventional handling.Material and Methods: Neonates will be recruited via parental consent from a recognized tertiary care teaching hospital for this two-group pretest-posttest design of randomized controlled trial (RCT), with allocation into either a control group (n=14) or experimental group (n=14) by block randomization method. The experimental group will receive Yakson touch and kinaesthetic stimulation, whilst the control group will receive conventional handling inclusive of developmental positioning and Kangaroo mother care. The duration of intervention will be five out of seven days. Neonatal behavioural assessment scale (NBAS) will be performed at baseline and then on the 7th day to ascertain the intervention effectiveness.Results: Data analysis will be done by Wilcoxon signed rank test/paired t-test and Mann Whitney U test/independent t-test will be done to compare the pre and post intervention score of NBAS within and between groups. The level of significance will be set as p<0.05.Conclusion: The present study may provide valuable information about early intervention to the neonatal physiotherapist, intensivist, nursing staff and parents of neonates.
Childhood Poisoning, A Rising Epidemic in Developing Nations: Large Single Centre Study
Authors: Mishra Shubhankar , Ramkumar T.V. , Biswas Ashok Kumar , Panigrahi Sambedana
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Poisoning is a major problem in children. The aims of this study were to determine the pattern of poisoning in children along with seasonal incidence, duration of treatment and outcome in referral centre of eastern India.Materials and Methods: All the children admitted to paediatric ward of MKCG Medical college and hospital from 1st April 2015 to 31st March 2016 (1 year) with history or suspicion of poisoning and animal bites were included in the study. Brought dead patients and the children with side effects due to ingested drugs in prescribed amount were excluded from the study.Results: Total 530 cases were documented with highest incidence in rainy season. 1-6 years children were mostly vulnerable (42.6%). Accidental mode was the major cause in small children and suicidal, in older. Animal bites and stings (n=241) were the commonest followed by chemical poisonings. Kraits were commonest culprit in snake envenomation group. Alprazolam was most common drug causing drug overdose. Total numbers of death were 27. Major cause of death was organo- phosphorus poisoning (OP) and snakebite. Mean days of hospitalization was 2.5 days and death after hospitalization was 1.8 days.Conclusion: Most of the childhood poisonings were due to accidental cause. Animal bites were mostly due to snakes. Maximum numbers of deaths were due to OP poisoning. Watchful observation, clean and clear environment, understanding the problems of adolescence, friendly atmosphere in home can prevent most of the poisonings and animal bites in children.
Incorporation of Dental Health Screening in Paediatric Office Practice
Authors: Dagli Pallavi , Singh Jyotsna , Sheth Jay , Kakkad Khyati
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Dental health problems in children are often overlooked. Poor oral health negatively affects growth, learning, communication, self-esteem and rarely can also lead to serious fatal infection. Paediatrician can play key role in screening dental health problems. The objectives of this study were to screen children for dental caries in paediatric office and correlate with socio-demographic, dietary and oral hygiene risk factors.Material and Methods: After basic oral health training, paediatrician assessed oral health risk factors with pre-validated questionnaire and carried out dental examination at paediatric OPD.Results: Dental health problems were found in 364(42.8%) out of 850 subjects. Age was significantly associated (p<0.0001) with type of teeth involved. Incisors were most affected in infants and involvement of posterior teeth increased with age. Statistically significant (p<0.05) oral health risk factors were increasing age, lower socio-economic status, malnutrition, lower parents’ education, positive family history, bottle feeding, increased consumption of biscuits, fizzy drinks and chewing gum; delayed start and less time spent on brushing, infrequent change of toothbrush, incorrect brushing technique, inadequate parental knowledge and supervision.Conclusion: Dental screening can easily be incorporated in busy paediatric practice. An identification and record of individual risk factor is useful in selecting counselling strategies and monitoring.
Junk Food Consumption Among Secondary Level Students, Chitwan
Authors: Sapkota Shubha Devi , Neupane Seema
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Junk food is a pejorative term for cheap food containing high levels of calories from sugar or fat with little fibre, protein, vitamins or minerals. This study was conducted to assess the junk food consumption and patterns of consumed junk food among secondary level students.Material and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional research. Hundred forty-two respondents were drawn by using cluster sampling method. Self-administered semi-structured questionnaire in Nepali Version was used and the collected data was entered and analysed in Epi-data and SPSS Version 20 by using simple statistical methods.Results: The findings revealed that more girls (53.5%) consumed junk food than boys (79.6%) and those respondents were aware of the meaning of junk food. Majority of respondents (90.1%) preferred junk food for taste, is faster to prepare (44.4%), preferred as influenced by TV advertisements (15.5%), because of peer influences (31.7%) and some (29.6%) respondents preferred junk food because nothing else was available. Concerning patterns of consumed junk food all respondents (100%) consumed ‘chat-pat’ and noodles, panipuri (97.2%), doughnuts (93%), chocolates (92.3%), biscuits (95.8%), ice cream (65.5%) and cold drinks (65.5%). Only 54.2% of respondents were aware of risks associated with poor eating habits.Conclusion: Adolescents consumed a greater amount of junk food which led to a majority of ill effects later on. It is recommended that the school and community conduct and implement awareness programme on junk food consumption and its ill effects.
Children with Cerebral Palsy and their Quality Of Life in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Niti , Paudel Sabitra , Thapa Ritesh
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Cerebral Palsy (CP) may affect individual’s everyday life and it may have significant impact on quality of life (QOL). The objective of this study was to assess the quality of life of children with Cerebral Palsy in Nepal.Material and Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study that involved 42 children between 4 and 12 years of age. The Socio-demographic variables were obtained from interviews and CP related factors were obtained from medical reports. Validated CP-QOL child self-report and parent proxy version of questionnaire was used for data collection. Severity was assessed using Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), Communication function Classification System (CFCS) and ICD-10 Classification System. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. Kruskal Wallis and Man Whitney was used to find out association between Cerebral Palsy related factors and Quality of Life.Results: 57.1% (n=24) were between 8 and12 years of age and 42.9% (n=18) were between 4 and 8 years of age. Overall QOL was reported to be fairly good. Both the child and Caregiver gave highest score on “Social wellbeing and acceptance” and “Emotional wellbeing and self-esteem domain” and Lowest Point in “Pain and Impact of disability”. This implies that Psychosocial Quality of Life is good in children with CP. Quality of Life as reported by child was better than Quality of Life reported by Caregiver.Conclusion: Overall QOL is fairly good in children with CP. However, Pain and impact of disability impairs QOL.
Rota-Viral Diarrhoea Progressing to Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Twin Neonates
Authors: Roy Amrita , Dogra Shivani , Chatterjee Pallab , Chattopadhyay Anindya
Published: February 2018

We report late preterm twins who developed rota-viral diarrheal disease followed by necrotizing enterocolitis. Necrotizing enterocolitis had a fulminant course in both these neonates. Rota-viral infections in new-borns are reported to be mild or asymptomatic but in the above mentioned case, both the twins were severely affected leading to necrotizing enterocolitis. In the absence of risk factors, late preterm and term babies rarely develop Necrotizing Enterocolitis. We aim to highlight the importance of breast feeding through this case and also put forward the consideration for giving a birth dose of Rotaviral vaccination.
Endoscopic Profile of Children with Colorectal Polyps Attending a Tertiary Centre
Authors: Upadhyay Satyam , Sharma Anna , Sapkota Prabita
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Polyps are the most common causes of colorectal bleeding in children. This report describes an endoscopic profile of children with colorectal polyps at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital.Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in children who were evaluated for painless lower GI bleed who underwent colonoscopyin Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal from November 2014 to May 2017. Patients with age of presentation less than or equal to 18 years and diagnosed endoscopically to have colorectal polyp were included in the study and were followed up till histopathological reports.Results:A total of 35children with colorectal polyps were identified. Twenty-three (65.7%) patients were males and 12 (35.3%) were females, male/ female ratio being 2.1: 1. The mean age of the patients at the time of diagnosis was 5.2 years (±3.7 years), (range 1.3-13.5) years. The duration of bleeding varied from 1 week to 3 years (mean 13 months), and 23 (67.6%) children were symptomatic for more than 12 months. All patients (100%) had painless rectal bleed, eight (23.5%) presented with anaemia and two of them requiring blood transfusion before the procedure (< 7.0 gm/dl),seven (20.5%) patients had blood and mucus in stools, six (17.6%) of them had rectal mass (prolapsed polyp).Conclusion:Juvenile colorectal polyps are the most common cause of painless rectal bleeding in young children. In the majority, these are solitary, occur in the rectosigmoid. Delay in treatment may cause anaemia.Colonoscopic snare polypectomy is a safe therapeutic modality.
Rare Association of Congenital Facial Palsy, Bilateral Microtia and Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Rawat Aditi , Bhil Dipika , Javadekar Bakul B
Published: February 2018

We report a case of a two day old female child with congenital facial palsy, bilateral microtia, congenital heart disease, renal ectopia and unilateral hypoplasia of depressor anguli oris muscle. These constellation of symptoms have not been found together in any case before. This unknown syndrome could be considered to be in a gray zone between Caylers Cardiofacial syndrome and Pearls syndrome.
Duodenal Stenosis Caused by Helicobacter Pylori: Mimicker of Chronic Constipation
Authors: Taniguchi Kazuto , Nakashima Takema , Ichiyama Yasunobu , Yamamoto Hirokazu , Uemichi Kazuyasu
Published: February 2018

Although the most common causes of childhood chronic constipation are functional, a minority have an organic cause. We report an 11-year-old girl who was diagnosed as chronic constipation, but actually suffered from duodenal stenosis caused by Helicobacter pylori. An enhanced computed tomography was useful for investigation. Duodenal stenosis should be listed as a differential diagnosis for childhood chronic constipation.
Profile of Children with HIV in an Anti-Retroviral Therapy (ART) Clinic of Western Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Jagat Jeevan , Chapagain Ram Hari , Shrestha Shree Krishna , Bastola Ram Chandra
Published: February 2018

Introduction: HIV in children is a public health problem in a developing country like Nepal. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical, nutritional and immunological profile of HIV +ve children enrolled in the ART clinic of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences (PAHS).Materials and Method: This was a retrospective study of children enrolled in the ART clinic over a period of 10 years from July 2007 to June 2017. Clinical characters, Nutritional status and immunological status of children enrolled in the ART clinic were noted in the predesigned pro forma from the record of the clinic and review of the chart of the patients.Results: One hundred twelve children were enrolled in the Clinic during the study duration. Out of them 57 were males and 55 were females. All the children acquired infection through mother to child transmission. Majority of them from age group 1 to 5 years at the time of presentation. Forty-six percent were in the clinical stage III. The median CD4 count was 283.Fifty percent of the children were undernourished. Most of the children were started on AZT/3TC/NVP as first line ART.Conclusion: Although perinatal route was the most common route of transmission of HIV in children, diagnosis was late in the age group of 1-5 years and most of them were diagnosed in the advanced stage of HIV with Low CD4 count.
Synthesis of Deuterium-Labelled (±)-Duloxetine-d5 as an Internal Standard
Authors: Liang Dawei , Wang Yueqiu , Zhang Bin , Yuan Ye
Published: February 2018

The synthesis of (±)-duloxetine- d6, which is needed for metabolism studies, has been achieved in four steps. The product of a Mannich reaction of 2-acetylthiophene, dimethylamine- d6 hydrochloride and paraformaldehyde- d2 was reduced with NaBH4 to yield an octadeuterated aminoalcohol that was etherified with 1-fluoronaphalene/NaH. The final step was a demethylation (removal of a CD3 group) using PhOCOCI/ethyldiisopropylamine. The pentadeuterated product was formed in 51% overall yield and with a chemical purity of 99.3%.
Low Frequency RFID system for identification and localization in smart cities - Comparison with UHF RFID
Authors: Gharat Vighnesh , Baudoin Geneviève , Colin Elizabeth , Richard Damien
Published: February 2018

Location-Based Services (LBS) associated with identification technologies are important aspects of smart cities as they provide useful information for planning and for making processes automated, efficient and cost-effective. Indoor environments pose several challenges for existing localization technologies because of their sensitivity to the environment which affects their accuracy and reliability. Low Frequency (LF) Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) is ideally suited for indoor localization applications since LF magnetic fields are not greatly affected by the environment. The objective of the paper is to present a solution for identification and localization in smart cities based on RFID technology operating at 125 kHz and to compare its performance with Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) RFID systems, widely used for localization applications. In order to demonstrate the localization performance of the proposed system we present test results for an LF-RFID system implemented using Commercial Off-The-Shelf (COTS) components in a challenging indoor environment of area 315 square meters. Proposed LF-RFID system is compared to UHF-RFID technology for localization performance in the same indoor environment. With the proposed system, for 352 position estimations, mean positioning error of 1.58 m is achieved with standard deviation of 0.76 m and for 90% of the cases, positioning error remains below 2.62 m. Based on the performance, possible applications of this technology in smart cities are discussed.
Pattern of Deep Bite among Orthodontic Patients at Dhaka Dental College and Hospital
Authors: Mahamud AM Sohal , Md Rizvi Hassan , Rahman Md Anisur , Hossain MZ
Published: February 2018

Aims: To assess the pattern of deep bite of orthodontic patients.Material and methods: In this cross sectional study, a total number of 200 sets of pretreatment study cast of patients selected from model store of Orthodontics Department in Dhaka Dental College & Hospital, Mirpur-14, Dhaka-1206, Bangladesh.Results: The study finding show the percentage distribution were as follows, 1% of the sample had open bite, 38.5 % of the sample had normal value of incisor overbite, while 60%patients showed varying values of deep bite. As far as the distribution of these 121 patients in different categories of deep bite is concerned. Maximum number of patients; 50% of these were having mild degree of deep bite while only6.5% showed moderate degree of deep bite and 3.5% showed full coverage of lower incisor crowns.Conclusion: The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that the commonest overbite relationship in the Bangladeshi sample is the mild overbite (50% patients). Moderate and severe deep bite malocclusions are less prevalent but nearly of the same percentage distribution. In all categories of deep bite, female to male ratio was higher.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2014; Vol-4 (1-2), P.16-19
Place du Knowledge Management dans les organisations de santé
Authors: Manchon Margueritte Maryline
Published: February 2018

Le Knowledge Management (KM) s’inscrit à la fois dans le passé, le présent et l’avenir d’une entreprise en veillant à la conservation des connaissances, à leur diffusion, tout en restant réactif face à l’environnement économique. Ainsi, il existe une relation positive entre culture organisationnelle et gestion des connaissances. Les organisations de santé sont des communautés qui n’échappent pas au KM, de par l’existence d’une vraie collaboration entre les individus. Cependant, il est essentiel de connaître le rôle des acteurs et la nature de leurs relations permettant de créer un cadre commun malgré un environnement de plus en plus hétérogène.
Ouverture et partage des résultats de la recherche dans l’économie de la connaissance européenne : quelle(s) liberté(s) de circulation pour l’IST ?
Authors: Dillaerts Hans
Published: February 2018

Au cours de ces dix dernières années, il y a un engagement croissant de l’Union européenne en faveur de l’innovation ouverte, le libre accès et la science ouverte. Notre objectif au sein de cet article est de s’interroger sur les origines de ces politiques et d’en retracer les évolutions et les limites. L’objectif de cette analyse est également de mettre en avant les injonctions contradictoires que subissent aujourd’hui les chercheurs en matière de publication et de diffusion de l’information scientifique et technique à travers entre autres les problématiques et questionnements liés à la brevetabilité des résultats de recherche financés sur des fonds publics.
De la gestion procédurale des connaissances au management réflexif : l’exemple de la formation aux usages du numérique
Authors: Hulin Thibaud
Published: February 2018

Cet article discute le paradigme de l’approche procédurale de la gestion des connaissances. Il envisage son dépassement par le modèle du management réflexif, qui vise à développer des prises de consciences collectives. La confrontation des théories de l’apprentissage réflexif et des théories de l’activité permet de proposer un modèle souple de la communication humain / machine. Il est appliqué dans le cadre d’un dispositif de formation professionnelle aux usages du numérique. L’étude du journal d’activité des acteurs montre l’importance des processus cognitifs réflexifs. Ces résultats permettent d’envisager à nouveaux frais le management et la formation en développant l’esprit critique et les cultures à la fois techniques et professionnelles des acteurs.
Capitalisme et inégalités
Authors: Aglietta Michel , Timbeau Xavier
Published: February 2018

Sous l’effet de la globalisation financière, les inégalités se sont accrues dans la plupart des pays depuis les années 1980. Les inégalités moyennes de revenu entre pays ont toutefois diminué avec l’essor des pays émergents sous l’impulsion de la Chine. Cela a permis de faire reculer la pauvreté absolue. Parmi les pays avancés, les écarts sont énormes entre les États-Unis, où les inégalités se sont exacerbées à l’extrême, et les principaux pays d’Europe continentale, où les dispositifs de la protection sociale ont partiellement résisté. Les deux forces déterminantes de ces évolutions en longue période ont été les transformations de la gouvernance des entreprises, d’une part, l’énorme accroissement de population active à très bas coût dans la division internationale du travail, d’autre part, avec l’ouverture des grandes puissances asiatiques au commerce international. Il en a résulté une hausse structurelle du coût du capital par rapport au coût du travail au niveau mondial. Le principe général de la rentabilité dans le libéralisme économique qui s’est imposé a été celui de la valeur actionnariale. Il a produit des inégalités de richesse et donc de pouvoir bien plus grandes que celles des revenus. En outre, cette logique entraîne des cycles financiers, mus par l’expansion de l’endettement, qui provoquent une instabilité macroéconomique marquée par des crises financières. Ce régime de croissance déséquilibré va faire face aux défis qu’il ne peut maîtriser : le vieillissement démographique, le changement climatique, la détérioration de l’environnement, l’insuffisance de la production des biens publics. Cela fait apparaître que l’inclusivité et la soutenabilité du développement appellent une mutation profonde des sociétés. Classification JEL : E25, G01, G32, N10, Q54.
L’élaboration des politiques économiques à l’origine des inégalités et de la stagnation : le dénialisme conventionnel et ses conséquences politiques préoccupantes
Authors: Palley Thomas I.
Published: February 2018

Cet article soutient que la profession des économistes du courant dominant est menacée par certaines théories expliquant la crise financière et la stagnation qui s’en est suivie, lesquelles attribuent ces événements aux politiques recommandées et justifiées par cette profession. De telles théories menacent l’existence de l’opinion dominante. Par conséquent, les économistes de ce courant se refusent à les mobiliser, dans la mesure où cela les légitimerait. Cette résistance a contribué au blocage de la politique et des politiques nécessaires pour combattre la stagnation, favorisant de ce fait un vide politique comblé par des forces « odieuses ». Ces conséquences politiques sinistres sont involontaires, mais elles existent bel et bien et illustrent les effets dangereux de la mort du pluralisme dans la science économique. La critique adressée aux économistes dominants ne porte pas sur des « valeurs » ou sur un manque d’« évolution », mais plutôt sur une pratique universitaire qui réprime des idées mettant en péril son existence. Classification JEL : A0, A11, B50, E00, D63, E12.
Les inégalités, entre bonne et mauvaise finance
Authors: Baubeau Patrice
Published: February 2018

Malgré le lien persistant entre finance et inégalités, établi dans des contextes très différents au cours des quelques milliers d’années de civilisation urbaine et monétaire, la nature de ce lien demeure très problématique. En effet, s’agit-il d’une causalité, le développement des activités financières provoquant l’essor des inégalités, ou d’une simple corrélation, les deux phénomènes découlant fondamentalement de causes similaires ? On défend ici plutôt la seconde position, ce qui ne signifie pas que les outils financiers et le succès des professions financières ne puissent pas amplifier la hausse des inégalités, mais que cette dernière trouve plutôt son origine dans des processus sociaux à forte composante politique. Mieux, cela fait ressortir comment, au moins en certaines occasions, les techniques financières peuvent contribuer à la pacification sociale – elle-même à distinguer du progrès vers l’égalité. Ainsi, sans tomber dans le piège idéologique d’une neutralité axiologique ou instrumentale de la finance, il nous semble que c’est plus la captation de cette dernière par un groupe politiquement dominant que la nature de ses activités qui pose problème. Classification JEL : D5, D63, E25, G0, N3 .
Hétérogénéité et économie : inégalité et imperfections financières
Authors: Ragot Xavier
Published: February 2018

Le paradigme central de la macroéconomie se déplace vers les modèles à agents hétérogènes. Ces derniers répondent à l’évolution du débat économique pour introduire la question des inégalités dans l’analyse économique. Ces modèles permettent aussi d’utiliser les nouvelles données individuelles pour rendre les modèles plus quantitativement rigoureux et donc plus scientifiques. Au sein de ces modèles, où les marchés financiers sont imparfaits, de nouveaux concepts apparaissent naturellement, comme celui de liquidité. Cet article présente les résultats récents dans cette littérature très dynamique, comme l’analyse des inégalités aux États-Unis, le besoin d’une liquidité mondiale, l’effet de la dette publique sur les prix d’actifs financiers ou encore les causes de la chute de la consommation des ménages américains lors de la crise de 2008. Classification JEL : E21, E44, D91, D31.
Financiarisation et creusement des inégalités
Authors: Cournède Boris , Denk Oliver
Published: February 2018

La financiarisation qui a transformé la structure des économies industrialisées au cours des cinquante dernières années s’est accompagnée, dans la plupart des pays de l’OCDE, d’une montée des inégalités de revenu. Les deux phénomènes ne sont pas seulement concomitants mais aussi liés entre eux. Des études économétriques suggèrent que la suraccumulation de crédit et l’expansion des marchés boursiers contribuent à l’accroissement des inégalités. L’analyse de microdonnées de rémunération montre que cet effet tient pour bonne part aux surprimes de salaire dont les employés du secteur financier bénéficient. Cette analyse montre aussi qu’en finance comme ailleurs, les hommes perçoivent des rémunérations plus élevées que leurs consœurs présentant des profils comparables. Des pistes existent pour traiter ces défis et faire en sorte que le secteur financier contribue à une croissance plus inclusive. Classification JEL : D14, D63, E51, G2, J16, J31.
Les effets redistributifs des politiques monétaires de la BCE
Authors: Blot Christophe , Creel Jérôme , Hubert Paul , Labondance Fabien
Published: February 2018

Cette contribution s’intéresse aux effets redistributifs des politiques monétaires non conventionnelles. Les canaux par lesquels la politique monétaire influence les inégalités sont présentés et cette relation est testée au niveau de la zone euro. Les résultats suggèrent que les politiques monétaires non conventionnelles ont pu exacerber les inégalités en favorisant les ménages déjà détenteurs d’un emploi ou possédant un patrimoine financier. Classification JEL : D3, D63, E25, E5 .
Le mutualisme du XXI e siècle réducteur des inégalités ?
Authors: Ouyahia Ouafa , Roux Michel
Published: February 2018

En partant d’un rappel historique de l’émergence des banques coopératives, cet article s’interroge sur leur capacité à réduire les inégalités et sous quelles conditions. Dans un environnement en constante évolution, notamment depuis la déréglementation des années 1980, les banques coopératives doivent affirmer leur capacité à s’adapter tout en préservant leurs valeurs, et répondre présentes aux besoins de l’économie réelle. Se fondant sur les informations communiquées dans leurs documents de référence, cet article montre que les banques coopératives obtiennent de meilleurs résultats en rapport à la réduction des inégalités que leurs consœurs capitalistiques. Classification JEL : G21, P13.
La revolving door dans les banques centrales
Authors: Carré Emmanuel , Demange Élise
Published: February 2018

Les régulateurs sont souvent recrutés par les entreprises qu’ils régulaient. Ce phénomène baptisé «  revolving door   » induirait, selon la littérature, un risque de conflit d’intérêt, voire de capture du régulateur. L’article examine si ce phénomène de  revolving door  existe dans les banques centrales. Les carrières des banquiers centraux à leurs entrées et sorties de la banque centrale sont étudiées afin d’établir un état des lieux. La base de données construite montre que le phénomène est significatif, notamment à la sortie de la banque centrale. Les résultats permettent d’établir un schéma type de revolving door dans lequel l’entrée dans la banque centrale fait suite à une carrière dans le secteur bancaire, et une sortie de la banque centrale est suivie d’un recrutement par un gestionnaire d’actifs sur un poste managérial après un délai médian d’environ un an. Un allongement du délai de carence à deux ans permettrait de limiter ce phénomène de revolving door . Classification JEL : E58, G01, G18, J62.
La Section financière du Parquet de la Seine : comment protéger efficacement l’épargne publique ?
Authors: Ouriemmi Oussama , Loison Marie-Claire
Published: February 2018

Créée en 1912, la Section financière était à l’origine une simple division du Parquet de la Seine. Elle est devenue au début des années 1930 un organisme solidement constitué disposant de ses propres substituts, juges d’instruction, police judiciaire et experts ; tous spécialisés en matière financière. L’article s’intéresse à cet organisme plus que centenaire qui occupe un rôle important dans l’histoire financière et judiciaire de la France. À cet égard, il fait ressortir trois points essentiels : d’abord, les origines de la création de la Section au sein du Parquet de la Seine, ensuite le développement de son activité dans l’entre-deux-guerres et enfin, la mise en question de son fonctionnement en 1934, notamment au niveau de sa liaison avec les services financiers de la police. Classification JEL : N23, N24, K20, K29, K42 .
Continuités et ruptures dans le mouvement féministe québécois francophone pour des droits sexuels et reproductifs
Authors: Jacquet Caroline , Pagé Geneviève , Pirotte Magaly
Published: February 2018

Cet article analyse différents moments du mouvement québécois francophone en faveur de la santé et des droits sexuels et reproductifs à travers le prisme analytique de la justice reproductive. Il s’articule autour de deux critiques développées à l’encontre du mouvement mainstream pro-choix étatsunien, soit la focalisation sur l’avortement et l’absence d’intégration d’une analyse complexe de l’imbrication des rapports de pouvoir déterminant les différentes limites auxquelles font face les femmes en matière de santé et de droits sexuels et reproductifs. À l’opposé d’un schéma historique linéaire, il brosse un portrait nuancé des outils théoriques développés dans le champ féministe et des transformations de la pratique militante que les auteures analysent à quatre moments précis : la lutte pour l’avortement libre et gratuit dans les années 1970 et 1980, la Coalition « Avortons leur congrès ! » en 2005, le renouvellement en cours du cadre théorique de la Fédération du Québec pour le planning des naissances et le collectif La Riposte féministe (2016).
Les nouvelles formes de féminisme autonome au Brésil
Authors: Cisne Mirla , Gurgel Telma , Prévost Héloïse
Published: February 2018

Tout au long de son histoire, le féminisme au Brésil s’est caractérisé par une forte hétérogénéité au niveau de sa composition sociale et de ses stratégies politiques. Il est identifié comme un mouvement aux expressions multiples. C’est pourquoi il s’agit d’un « collectif total » au caractère pluriel et hétérogène. Cet article présente quelques réflexions issues d’une recherche exploratoire sur cinq collectifs autonomes brésiliens. Revenant sur le processus d’institutionnalisation et d’« ongéisation », ainsi que sur les liens entre groupes féministes et gouvernements, les auteures analysent le contexte d’émergence d’organisations autonomes et les critiques radicales portées par ces groupes. L’article met en lumière la formation d’une conscience féministe, les formes d’organisation et de représentation politique ainsi que les expressions nouvelles du militantisme au Brésil.
Deux figures de l’engagement féministe à Genève
Authors: Bessette-Viens Raphaëlle
Published: February 2018

L’article présente une recherche analysant les parcours et les engagements féministes de militantes actives sur la scène genevoise. L’auteure organise leurs discours, recueillis en entretiens, autour de deux figures types : les militantes de la Cause féministe et les militantes féministes du Quotidien. Ces deux figures se distinguent dans les formes d’engagement adoptées et dans le rapport aux institutions, ainsi qu’au niveau des identités mobilisées et pensées comme sujets du féminisme (femmes, trans, etc.). Conjointement, les militantes se rejoignent sur certains terrains d’action et partagent un sentiment d’appartenance à une même communauté de mouvement social. La démarche heuristique qu’adopte l’auteure en construisant ces deux figures contribue donc à saisir comment des engagements différenciés dans les luttes contre les oppressions de genre, de classe et de race s’inscrivent dans une identité féministe partagée.