bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PROBLEM OF CASTLE RUINS CONSERVATION WITHIN THE RESTORATION ACTIVITIES FORMATION
Authors: Gavryliv Кalyna-Theodora
Published: December 2021

The article reveals the history of the restoration activity formation on the example of the castle ruins restoration in Ukraine and Europe during the 19th-20th centuries. Castles have been constantly transforming since their foundation. Each subsequent owner of the castle strengthened it, restored it after its destruction, made changes to the building architecture. And in the 19th century, an understanding of the value of such architectural objects was developed, and various methods for their preservation began to be proposed. Stylistic restorations are considered on the example of Trakai Island Castle (Lithuania) and Pierrefonds castle (France). Archaeological restorations aimed at conserving objects reflect the Upper Castle in Vilnius (Lithuania) and Heidelberg Castle (Germany). Scientifically based, the restoration is presented at facilities in Olesko Castle (Ukraine) and in Warsaw, Inovlodz (Poland). Woodstock Palace (England) is an example of the architectural monument destruction, and Tatar Tower of Ostroh Castle (Ukraine) is a symbol of a good future which is revealed in front of the castles in a state of long ruin. Positions on the restoration of architectural monuments have been analyzed by a number of scientists such as Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, Alois Riegl, Camillo Boito, Yan Zakhvatovich. It was the restoration of the castle ruins that sparked a discourse on how to preserve architectural monuments. After all, a castle is one of the most complex types of structures, including its structure, location, and function. Since the beginning of their founding, castles have been the subject to constant interference with their material structure, which in the 19th century became more important than their utilitarian purpose. The conservation method comes out on top, but it is often paired with fragmentary restoration. In any case, the object must function and be visited, regardless of whether it is compositionally complete or fragmentarily preserved, because the interest in it ensures its further existence.
NON-CHRISTIAN MILITARY CEMETERIES OF GALICIA
Authors: Stasyuk Olena
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the Jewish and Muslim military cemeteries found in Galicia, their history, species, forms, and state of preservation. Preventive measures have been proposed to preserve historic non-Christian military cemeteries.
STUDY OF THE PRIMARY CONVERTER-OBJECT SYSTEM FOR ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICES
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bubela Tetiana , Yatsuk Vasyl ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Fedyshyn Tetiana ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Krachunov Hristo ,   Technical University of Varna
Published: December 2021

The problem of creating electrochemical devices and the issues that arise in the system of the primary converterobject of control are considered. Low-resistance (salt solutions) and high-resistance (sugar solutions) objects were selected as the subject of study. To solve the problem, we have applied the method of impedance spectrum analysis with EIS Spectrum Analyzer software, which performs modeling on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. Substitution schemes in different frequency and concentration ranges of studied objects were synthesized. This enables appropriate corrective action to minimize the impact of adverse events in the system while monitoring the quality of solutions - non-electrical nature objects – by electrochemical devices.
GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Mashevska Marta , Shchur Roman ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ostenda Aleksander ,   University of Technology, Katowicе
Published: December 2021

This article reveals the problems of creating a monitoring system to assess the ecological state of the environment of the selected area. An information model of the system has been developed, which takes into account the parameters of air, surface water, and soil pollution. The main components of the system, including the logical model of the database, have been designed and implemented. To assess the state of the environment according to the selected pollution parameters, the fuzzy logic model is constructed.
THE WIND TURBINE AND THE ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION MODEL
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Boyko Taras , Ruda Mariia ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Stasevych Serhiy ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Chaplyk Olha ,   National Forestry University of Ukraine
Published: December 2021

The modeling of the mutual influence of the wind power plant and the ecosystem is carried out. It is proposed to consider the compartment of a complex landscape complex as an elementary structural element of the ecosystem. The wind power plant is a component of a complex landscape complex and is considered during its life cycle. The categories of environmental impact and the relative contribution of harmful factors for each category have been determined. The modeling was carried out using various scenarios of waste management, which will make it possible to reduce the negative impact of harmful factors for each category. Summary data on the impact of harmful factors on the environment were obtained, and ecological profiles were constructed using the Eco-indicator methodology. Such profiles, together with the weighting factors, allow a comprehensive presentation of environmental impacts and obtaining the values of eco-indicators that characterize the damage caused by a wind turbine to the environment. The process of synthesis of an industrial cyber-physical system is carried out by five typical steps, among which the process of ‘cyber-realization’ is to create a cyber twin and compare it with the real system. To implement this process, mathematical modeling was carried out, as a result of which a system of differential equations was obtained, the input data for which were the values of environmental impacts, expressed by the specified indicators. The resulting model will act as ideal for a real system ‘wind turbine – environment”, and will allow predicting the consequences of the harmful impact of a wind turbine on a complex landscape system and will determine the main impacts to achieve its maximum efficiency and adaptation to the requirements for environmental protection and conservation. Some results obtained using the developed model are presented.
ISSUE ON MEASURING THE LIGHT SPEED IN VACUUM
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Сhaban Vasil
Published: December 2021

Based on the proposed differential equations of the interaction of the electric signal with the gravitational field, the observed phenomena are known as the gravitational lens and the Shapiro effect are investigated. The deflection of a light ray in the field of the Sun is simulated. It is shown that a moving photon undergoes in the gravitational field not only a transverse action, which causes a curvature of the trajectory but also a longitudinal one, implementing the acceleration-braking processes. As a result, the instability of the speed of light in a vacuum was revealed.
Derivation of analytical dependencies for determining stiffness parameters of vibration isolators of vibratory machine
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Lanets Oleksii , Kachur Oleksandr ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Korendiy Vitaliy ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: December 2021

Problem statement. While designing vibration isolators, the essential attention should be paid to the safety factors such as the levels of vibration and noise, as well as to the material and the structure of isolators. In major vibratory technological equipment, there are used full-metal vibration isolators, which can be designed in the form of coil (cylindrical, conical, helico-spiral) or flat (leaf-type, disc-type) springs. The problems of stress-strain analysis of metal springs used for vibration isolation of various vibratory equipment are of urgent interest among the designers and researcher. The engineering techniques of step-by-step calculation of full-metal vibration isolators of different types of vibratory technological machines are not thoroughly presented in the modern information resources. Purpose. The present paper is aimed at developing and implementing the detailed algorithm of determining the stiffness parameters of the metal coil springs used for vibration isolation of large-scale vibratory machines. Methodology. The investigations are carried out using the basic laws and principles of solid mechanics and theory of vibrations. The calculations were conducted using MathCAD software; the computer simulation of the spring’s stress-strain state was performed using SolidWorks software. Findings (results) and originality (novelty). The improved design of the vibratory conveyer-separator is considered. The engineering technique of calculating the passive vibration isolators of various vibratory equipment designed in the form of metal coil springs is developed. The proposed technique is implemented while designing the vibration isolation system of the vibratory conveyer-separator. The system’s operational characteristics are determined, and the computer simulation of the springs stress-strain state is carried out. Practical value. The proposed design of the vibratory conveyer-separator can be implemented in various industries (machine-building, chemical, pharmaceutical, food-processing, construction, mining, metallurgy, textile industries etc.) for conveying different loose, bulky and piecewise products, and separating them into fractions of different sizes. Scopes of further investigations. While carrying out further investigations, it is necessary to analyse the influence of the proposed design of vibratory conveyer-separator on the foundation during its operation, and to consider the necessary of applying the additional fixation systems.
ON THE PROBLEM OF DEVELOPING CHILDREN’S INTEREST IN READING: THE SEARCH FOR EFFECTIVE METHODS OF WORK
Authors: Бенеш Наталья Ивановна , Папина Марина Владимировна , Поздеева Светлана Ивановна
Published: December 2021

Рассматривается проблема формирования интереса дошкольников к книге и читательской деятельности. Обосновывается необходимость ее решения из-за падения интереса к чтению и традиционной книге на всех этапах образования. Анализируются точки зрения ученых на данную проблему и различные методические подходы, связанные с формированием конкретных читательских умений у детей через соответствующие методические приемы литературного чтения, литературного слушания и литературного творчества. Приведены данные, полученные в результате эмпирического исследования, в котором участвовали дети старшего дошкольного возраста, а также показатели и критерии оценки уровня сформированности интереса старших дошкольников к книге и читательской деятельности, имеющие практическую значимость наравне с предлагаемыми путями решения обозначенной проблемы.

The problem of the formation of preschool children’s interest in books and reading activities is considered, the necessity of its solution is justified due to the decline in interest in reading and traditional books at all stages of education. The points of view of scientists on this problem and various methodological approaches related to the formation of specific reading skills in children through appropriate methodological techniques of literary reading, literary listening and literary creativity are analyzed. The psychological features of the perception of the text of a work of art by children of middle and older preschool age are highlighted, based on which special methodological techniques have been developed and tested. The authors present their own experience of solving it and provide data obtained as a result of an empirical study (questioning kindergarten teachers, monitoring the activities of children), in which older preschool children participated. The indicators and criteria for assessing the level of formation of the interest of older preschoolers in the book and reading activities, which have practical significance on a par with the proposed ways to solve the designated problem, are given. A workbook is presented, based on which children perform interesting and diverse tasks when working with artistic texts. In the conclusion of the article, the authors demonstrate data confirming the effectiveness of the approaches they have developed.
THE PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTENT OF RESILIENCE AND PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS IN PEOPLE WITH DIFFERENT KINDS OF INTERNET-BEHAVIOR
Authors: Зубарева Надежда Сергеевна , Капустина Валерия Анатольевна
Published: December 2021

Изучена специфика жизнеспособности и психологических защитных механизмов у молодежи с разными уровнями интернет-зависимости. Представлены актуальные взгляды на содержание понятий «жизнеспособность», «психологические защитные механизмы», «интернет-зависимость», а также результаты пилотажного эмпирического исследования, проведенного на выборке, состоящей из 51 студента Новосибирского государственного технического университета в возрасте от 19 лет до 21 года. В исследовании использованы методики «Шкала интернет-зависимости С. Чена (CIAS)» (адаптирована В. Л. Малыгиным, К. А. Феклисовым), тест «Жизнеспособность взрослого человека» А. В. Махнача, «Опросник структуры психологических защит» М. Бонда (адаптирован Е. Е. Туник). Обнаружено, что психологические защиты в целом больше выражены в группе с интернет-зависимым поведением, а жизнеспособность – в группе с минимальным риском интернет-зависимого поведения. В группе с интернет-зависимым поведением чаще используют неадаптивные психологические защиты (пассивная агрессия, поведенческое отреагирование, ипохондрия, фантазия) и адаптивную защиту – прогнозирование. Сделан вывод о том, что жизнеспособной молодежи, с одной стороны, свойственны применение защитных механизмов, ухудшающих их взаимодействие с другими людьми, полярное мышление как по отношению к себе, так и по отношению к другим людям. С другой – стремление к людям, использование юмора и творчества в сложных ситуациях.

The article is devoted to the study of specificity of a resilience and psychological defense mechanisms in young people with different levels of Internet addiction. It presents modern views on the content of such concepts as “resilience”, “psychological defense mechanisms”, “Internet addiction”. Also, it includes the results of pilot study, which was conducted on a sample of 51 NSTU students, aged 19 to 21 years. The Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS), the test “Adult Resilience” by A. V. Makhnach, a questionnaire of the structure of psychological defenses M. Bond were used in the study. It was found that psychological defenses in general are more pronounced in the group with Internet-addictive behavior, and resilience is more expressed in the group with minimal risk of Internet-addictive behavior. Internet-addictive behavior, maladaptive psychological defenses such as passive aggression, behavioral response, hypochondria, fantasy, and adaptive defense – prediction are more often used. The results let authors conclude that resilient youth is characterized, on the one hand, by the use of defenses that worsen their interaction with other people, polar thinking both in relation to themselves and in relation to other people, on the other hand, and by the striving for people and the use of humor and creativity in difficult situations.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI SISWA KELAS XI SMAN 1 TANAH PUTIH ROKAN HILIR
Authors:   Universitas Islam Riau, Ferazona Sepita , Suryanti Suryanti , Amanah Sri , Robiah Siti , Idris Tengku
Published: December 2021

This study aims to see the Critical Thinking Ability in the Materials of the Respiratory System of Class XI SMAN 1 Tanah Putih Subdistricts. The sample of this study consisted of one class, the determination of the sample by using purposive sampling technique. This type of research is survey research with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data obtained is the students' critical thinking ability. The percentage of gain in SMAN 1 Tanah in Focus indicator gets a percentage of 66% in the high category, the argument indicator gets a percentage of 13.20 with a very low category, the conclusion indicator gets a percentage of 56.56% in the medium category, the situation indicator gets a percentage of 47.1% with the medium category, the follow-up indicator obtained a percentage of 3.85% with a very low category.
Family Planning as A Determining Factor in Preference to Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) Among Somali Community in Dadaab Refugee Camps, Kenya
Authors: Maina Newton Kahumbi , Gitome Josephine , Bagelman Jennifer , Mainah Muthoni , Kituku Jacqueline M. , Mwoma Teresa , Ndegwa Priscilla
Published: December 2021

Statement of Problem: Family planning is a determining factor in the maternal health care choices for Somali pregnant mothers in Dadaab Refugee camps. Research has revealed that during delivery, the Somali mothers prefer the services of Traditional Birth Attendants (TBAs) to those of midwives in hospitals. The preference for TBAs is borne of the belief that when women deliver in hospitals, they could be subjected to family planning against their will. The contention is that Islam and socio-cultural practices of the Somali community do not advocate family planning. The purpose of this paper is to discuss Islam’s position on family planning in order to explain the response of the Somalis of Dadaab refugee camps on family planning. Methodology & Theoretical orientation: The paper is derived from a qualitative study that involved snowball sampling, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs). These methods brought out family planning as a determining factor in the mother’s choice of TBAs as opposed to hospital midwives in Dadaab Refugee camps. Findings: Any discourse on Islam and family planning offers two perspectives: proponents of family planning and opponents of family planning. Both perspectives use the texts of the Qur’an and Hadith (traditions) and different interpretations to justify and support their respective positions and opinions. Through primary and secondary sources, the paper interrogates both perspectives of family planning in Islam. Conclusion & Significance: It is concluded that the Somalis’ belief on family planning is informed by the two perspectives of family planning, but the opponents’ perspective holds sway. This determines the preference for TBAs for fear that mothers who deliver in hospitals could be subjected to family planning contraceptives. Recommendation: there is need to educate the community further on Islamic teachings on family planning; and more sensitization conducted on the benefits of child spacing.
The Relationship between Teacher Commitment and Effective Teaching Practices in Rural Primary School in Ranau, Malaysia
Authors: Karuppannan Gunasegaran , Jalani Suridi
Published: December 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between teacher commitment and the effective teaching practice at rural primary schools in Ranau District, Malaysia. Teacher commitments consist of commitment to the school, pupils, career, and decision making. A total of 80 respondents were involved in this study. This study was conducted using survey method with questionnaire as the research instrument. The findings were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software with t-Test statistic, Pearson Correlation and Regression. The results from the data analysis found that the score for the teacher commitment level and the effective teaching were high. Pearson Correlation test had shown that there was a weak correlation between teacher commitment to school and effective teaching at r = 0.304, p < 0.05. The Linear Regression test found that the teacher commitment to the school was the main factor that contributes to the effective teaching. The demographic aspects of gender were not significantly different from the teacher commitment and the effective teaching practices. This study emphasized further research to determine the factors that influence the commitment of teachers, the effectiveness of teaching practices and the appropriate methods to improve both aspects.
Education Attainment and Women Entrepreneurship in Uganda: A Perspective
Authors: Kirahora Barongo Eleanor , Busingye Janice D , Lubale Grace
Published: December 2021

This study examined the impact of education attainment on women's desire and capacity to venture into entrepreneurship in Bunyoro sub-region, Uganda. The study was guided by the Human Capital Theory, which emerged in the 1960s through the works of Theodre Schultz in 1962. The theory holds that education enhances an individual’s efficiency and productivity skills, which in return increases the earnings of that individual in the labor market, as well as his/her capacity to manage own business. The study adopted a descriptive correlation research design, primarily to determine the relationship between education attainment and women entrepreneurship in Bunyoro sub-region of Uganda. The mixed methods approach was used in data collection and 365 residents of Bunyoro participated in the study. Questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data, while key informants were interviewed for qualitative data. The study findings show that education attainment has a significant positive relationship with women entrepreneurship. This suggests that a high level of education attainment increases women's potentials and capacity to own and successfully manage a business.
Stagnation in Terrorism Research: A Critical Overview on Bangladesh
Authors: Auntu Sumaya Khan , Nusrat Faria
Published: December 2021

Stagnation in terrorism research is held responsible to both academicians and the government for exploring the continuity of terrorist activities in Bangladesh. The state of stagnation, in this regard, is mainly linked with the governmental strategy of funding research though government is not willing to share their information with academia; on the other hand, little empirical grounding in academia. In spite of having methodological skills there are lacks of data is the behind of sloth condition in this sector. A developing country like Bangladesh is a prominent example of this stagnation in terrorism research and has experienced several violent activities on the time being. Sometimes, ISIS has claimed their existence in several attacks in Bangladesh, but, still, the recruitment and training up process in violent radicalization that motivates different terrorist activities are still beyond control. This paper will explore the existence of stagnation in terrorism research and how it explores the continuity of terrorist activities in Bangladesh. Finally, in conclusion, this paper will give some recommendations to bridge the existing gap between the academicians and the government to terminate the stagnation in terrorism, particularly in the context of Bangladesh.
Hermetismo, negatividad y compromiso en la poesía de Aldo Oliva
Authors: Crisorio Bruno
Published: December 2021

Para George Steiner la literatura moderna está atravesada por una ruptura que él conceptualiza bajo el nombre de “palabra faltante”: en un contexto de masificación y degradación de la palabra escrita (debido a la alfabetización creciente y a la proliferación de diarios y revistas), el poeta se encierra en su torre de marfil y se autoinstituye como alquimista literario, guardián de la lengua pura, custodio de lo inefable. Esta figuración del poeta y de su métier ha tenido diversas consecuencias a lo largo del siglo XX, y es bajo esta estela que nos proponemos pensar la poesía de Aldo Oliva (1927-2000), y fundamentalmente una paradoja constitutiva de su producción: su hermetismo poético, su lenguaje enrarecido y singularizado al extremo, que parecieran alejarlo de la comunicabilidad inmediata y recluirlo en la torre de marfil del artista, conviven sin embargo con una militancia social (teórica y por momentos también efectiva) y un compromiso que se traslucen problemáticamente en sus poemas. El presente trabajo intentará abordar esta paradoja en el cruce entre su producción poética, su figuración o imagen de autor y sus posicionamientos políticos.
De reclusiones y fugas: estéticas de la enfermedad y políticas de la vida
Authors: Sánchez Idiart Cecilia
Published: December 2021

Preocupadas por la materialidad del lenguaje y por su vínculo con los cuerpos, las novelas Salón de belleza de Mario Bellatin y Balnearios de Etiopía de Javier Guerrero se dedican a explorar los lugares de encierro que se organizan alrededor de la enfermedad y las mutaciones y tiempos intempestivos de lo viviente que inauguran posibilidades de resistencia. Si los saberes y prácticas de la medicina aspiran a la clasificación y homogeneización de los cuerpos, estas ficciones desarman tales pretensiones para atender especialmente a las líneas de contagio que configura la enfermedad y a los encuentros entre materias que horadan cualquier voluntad de saber. Ambas narraciones problematizan las formas en que los cuerpos, sus desórdenes y sus padecimientos se convierten en objeto de variadas tecnologías de poder y saber, así como en terreno de luchas por otros modos de vida y otros lenguajes.
El Archivo Colonial revisitado. Presentación
Authors: Colombi Beatriz , Añón Valeria
Published: December 2021

El Archivo Colonial revisitado. Presentación
La imaginación del museo. Francisco Xavier Clavigero y la reconfiguración del archivo virreinal
Authors: Salvi Luca
Published: December 2021

Este trabajo analiza la naturaleza (parcial y destructora) del archivo novoshispano, sus cruces y tramas, a partir de la obra de Francisco Clavigero, uno de los más señalados archivistas, coleccionistas, erudito de los objetos del mundo prehispánico y novohispano. En un trabajo de reconstrucción e imaginación de ese pasado, Clavigero propone un reordenamiento de materiales, discute la conformación del discurso histórico y da cuenta de la configuración de un archivo criollo.
Florencia Bonfiglio, The Great Will / El gran legado. Pre-textos y comienzos literarios en América Latina y el Caribe. Madrid-Frankfurt, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, 2020, 454 páginas
Authors: Silva Guadalupe
Published: December 2021

Revisión del libro The Great Will/ El gran legado. Pre-textos y comienzos literarios en América Latina y el Caribe por F. Bonfiglio.
Current and new indications for corneal cross-linking in the therapy of corneal diseases
Authors: Przewłócka Katarzyna , Kanclerz Piotr
Published: December 2021

Corneal collagen cross-linking, a technique used in ophthalmology, involves the creation of new bonds between collagen fibers, thus leading to stabilization and corneal stiffening. The most common indication for corneal collagen cross-linking procedures is to prevent the progression of corneal ectasia,\ i.e., keratoconus, pellucid marginal degeneration, and ectasia after corneal refractive surgery. Clinical data also indicate that it is effective in the treatment of bacterial corneal infections and bullous keratopathy. Corneal collagen cross-linking was shown to inhibit the progression of corneal ectasia, and the treatment commonly leads to the improvement in visual acuity, decreases the maximum keratometry values, and improves the corneal topography image. In addition, it is possible to avoid or postpone the need for more complex and invasive surgery.
Extended depth of focus intraocular lenses – the present and future in cataract surgery
Authors: Grąbczewski Andrzej , Jendrzejczyk Martyna
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this article is to evaluate the technology behind intraocular lenses with extended depth of focus, explain how they work, assess their benefits for patients, and summarize our own early experience.
Forum ophthalmicum – how to take control over accumulation of diagnostic data from macular OCT with benefit for both doctor and patient?
Authors: Kaczmarek Dorota Maria
Published: December 2021

Wet age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) is a disease which requires regular diagnostic tests such as macular optical coherent tomography which is extremely important both in diagnosis and disease monitoring. With constant aging of the population, we are dealing with an increasing incidence rate of AMD, which makes it even more important to have a tool allowing for quick and precise analysis of anatomical changes in macular region, particularly in the current complicated epidemiological situation when diagnostic time should be used most efficiently to plan the follow-up treatment. Forum® software allows for the precise analysis of many tests performed in a single patient and combining it with treatment effectiveness assessment which substantially accelerates the diagnostics.
Current classification of macular neovascularization in the course of AMD based on the Consensus Nomenclature for Reporting Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Data
Authors: Piotrowicz Anna , Paczwa Katarzyna , Gołębiewska Joanna , Różycki Radosław
Published: December 2021

Despite the improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques age-related macular degeneration is still one of the main causes of central vision impairment.
Throughout the years, the classification of subretinal neovascularization in the course of age-related macular degeneration has changed due to the advancement of diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. In 2020 an expert panel reached consensus on a new nomenclature for neovascularization in the course of age-related macular degeneration introducing the concept of macular neovascularization, which refers to each neovascularization in macula, regardless of the location.
Indywidualizacja wyboru metody korekcji wady wzroku
Authors: Wierzbowska Joanna , Smorawski Marcin , Uram Dominik
Published: December 2021

Właściwy wybór metody korekcji wady wzroku jest niezbędny do osiągnięcia optymalnych wyników i satysfakcji pacjenta. Wybór ten powinien być oparty na wynikach szczegółowego badania kwalifikacyjnego, oczekiwaniach pacjenta oraz doświadczeniu chirurga refrakcyjnego. W artykule przedstawiono główne kryteria wyboru najczęściej stosowanych metod rogówkowych i wewnątrzgałkowych w celu korekcji wszystkich wad refrakcji.
DIONYSIA SPLENDENS (PRIMULACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM THE FARS PROVINCE OF IRAN
Authors: Alipour S. , Mehregan I. , Lidén M.
Published: December 2021

Dionysia splendens Alipour, Mehregan & Lidén, sp. nov., from Fars, Iran, is a unique species that cannot be easily accommodated in any hitherto recognised section of the genus and is immediately recognised by its large flowers and pectinate leaves with very broad pale and thick midvein. It agrees with Dionysia cespitosa Duby (Boiss.) in the small flat leaves, stalked inflorescence with large bracts, and few large ellipsoid seeds, but differs in the tubular calyx and large purplish-blue corolla. It is also somewhat reminiscent of Dionysia viva Lidén & Zetterl. in growth habit and inflorescence structure, but that species has large irregularly dentate leaves, yellow corolla and numerous small angular seeds. Dionysia splendens is so far known from a single locality with c.200 mature individuals. An updated key to Dionysia species in the Zagros mountains is provided.
Prevelence of urinary incontinence in Al Ahsa region Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alkishi Nihad , Akishi Abdullah , Althabit Fatimah , Alali Hassan , Alyousof Abdulaziz
Published: December 2021

Background: The International Continence Society and the International Urogynaecology Association define urinary incontinence (UI) as any involuntary urine leakage. One of the most commonly reported symptoms of the lower urinary tract in women. The present study aimed at assessing the prevelence of UI in Al Ahsa region Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Al Ahsa) during october 2020. A total of 396 patients responded and participated in questionnaire-based study.
Results: The study included 396 females; 98 (24.7%) females had UI. Females age ranged from 18 to 65 years with mean age of 34.6-11.9 years. Exact of 85.4% of the females were married and 42.9% were working. University education was reported among 70.5% of the females and 42.7% were overweight or obese.
Conclusion: Based on this study findings, UI is common condition among Saudi women in eastern Oregon Al-Ahsa. The most reported features for UI among sampled females were stress. Age, BMI, having been married or employed, cough, constipation, and vaginal or assisted vaginal delivery during the previous birth were identified as significant risk factors for UI in Al Ahsa women. In spite of its negative effects, leading to misunderstanding regarding UI, only a limited percentage of participants obtained proper medical advice for the disease.
Knowledge, attitude, and practice of taking the pneumonia vaccine among adults in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alharbi Mansour , Alshehri Abdulaziz , Almawardi Souad , Harshan Aishah , Abdulrahman Omar
Published: December 2021

Background: Pneumonia has been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates; it could be prevented or reduced by vaccination.
Objectives: To assess the knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) of Saudi adults toward pneumococcal vaccine commitment and benefits.
Methods: This was a qualitative cross-sectional study that was conducted electronically from April to August 2021 among the general population in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to elaborate people\'s awareness about the importance of pneumococcal vaccine.
Results: The study included 13,280 participants. The level of knowledge regarding pneumococcal vaccine was poor among 65.7%, moderate among 24.6% and good among 9.7% participants, while the attitude was positive among more than half of the participants, neutral among 32.2%, and negative among 9.1%. The level of practice was wrong among 43.7%, right among 31.1%, and not complete among 25.2%. The good KAP levels were significantly associated with adult males who had high educational degree and work as healthcare professionals.
Conclusion: The study showed poor knowledge among most of the participants with positive attitude toward practicing pneumococcal vaccine. The poor knowledge about the essential value of pneumonia vaccine as well as lack of advice by health care providers need to be addressed in the national program for pneumonia vaccine.
LINGUISTIC CORRELATION OF PRIMARY TEXT AND ITS VERBAL REPRODUCTION IN THE INTERROGATION PROTOCOL
Authors:   KSPU named after V.P. Astafyev, Shulgina K.V.
Published: December 2021

Problem statement. The article deals with the problem of modern linguo-expert activity related to the use of interrogation protocols as a material carrier of negative-evaluative information about a person. The variability of expert views regarding the possibility of analyzing someone else’s speech in the interrogation protocol more and more often entails the lack of expert assessment of the materi-als of the preliminary investigation in criminal cases. The purpose of the study is to establish the nature of the relationship and the degree of approxi-mation of the primary and secondary texts, where the primary text is recorded on the phonogram, the secondary one is reproduced in the interrogation protocol from the words of the interrogated. The research methodology consists of theoretical approaches to the comparative analysis of the prototypical utterance and its secondary form. The material of the research is video and audio recordings of speech events of insult, as well as interrogation protocols, the descriptive part of which contains information about the recorded conflict speech. Research results. The study showed the maximum degree of formal-semantic affinity of the texts serving as the basis and their verbal reproductions, reflected in the interrogation protocols. The inter-rogation protocol also reproduces important paralinguistic characteristics of the voice of the person to whom the invective evaluative statements belong. Conclusions. The results obtained in the course of the study can be used in developing guidelines for experts involved in the analysis of speech material extracted from the interrogation protocol, as well as other indirect sources of information about expert objects. The proposed system of under-standing broadens understanding of secondary texts as objects of research within the framework of forensic linguistic expertise.
Die Kirchen der Stadt Rom im Mittelalter 1050–1300, M–O: SS. Marcellino e Pietro bis S. Omobono. Bd. 4
Authors: Mondini Daniela , Jäggi Carola , Claussen Peter Cornelius
Published: December 2021

Die Autorinnen und Autoren rekonstruieren die Bau- und Ausstattungsgeschichte der Kirchen der Stadt Rom vom 11. Jahrhundert bis an die Wende zum 14. Jahrhundert anhand von Schrift- und Bildquellen sowie Grabungs- und Baubefunden. Im vierten Band der Reihe werden insgesamt 37 Kirchen untersucht, darunter zahlreiche bekannte mittelalterliche Marienkirchen wie S. Maria Rotonda (Pantheon) oder S. Maria sopra Minerva, aber auch unbekanntere Bauten wie S. Maria in Cappella. Im Fokus der monografischen Einzelstudien steht die Geschichte der kirchlichen Institutionen, ihrer Architektur sowie ihrer liturgischen Ausstattung. Eine hervorgehobene Stellung nimmt die Kirche S. Maria in Cosmedin ein: Die Analyse der komplizierten Bau- und Restaurierungsgeschichte wirft in vielen Punkten ein neues Licht auf den vermeintlich wohlbekannten Bau. Bereichert wird der Band durch einen farbigen Tafelteil zu aussagekräftigen Zeugnissen römischer Kirchenarchitektur des Mittelalters.
Tratamento dietético de pacientes com suspeita de intolerância a histamina: um relato de experiência
Authors: Sirqueira Keilla Lima , Cruz Kelielson Cardoso de Macêdo
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Relatar a associação da dieta ao tratamento conservador medicamentoso, descrevendo a resposta clínica ao tratamento proposto em pacientes com suspeita de Intolerância à Histamina (IH). Relato de experiência: Trata-se de um relato do acompanhamento de pacientes com suspeita de IH em uma Clínica de Alergia na região Centro-Oeste do Brasil. Os pacientes foram avaliados por 3 meses, a partir da primeira consulta médica e nutricional, e acompanhados durante a dieta restritiva em histamina, sendo subdividida em etapas e com última avaliação focada na evolução dos sintomas. Considerações finais: Ao decorrer do período de avaliação dos pacientes, a dieta restritiva de histamina teve uma função importante na melhora clínica dos pacientes com suspeita de intolerância a histamina, com diminuição dos sintomas e melhoria da qualidade de vida. Apesar de ser uma dieta com vários paramentos, sendo bem orientada e realizado por profissional capacitado, se torna uma medida acessível a ser adotada pelo paciente.
Análise do número de cesarianas realizadas em uma maternidade após a aprovação da lei no Estado do Paraná
Authors: Hadlich Laura Edla Rönau , Wendramin Natalia Albano , Oliveira Paula Haus de , Taborda Rosangela Ramirez , Reda Somaia , Pazin Daiane Cristina
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Avaliar a hipótese de ter ocorrido um aumento no número de cesarianas após a implementação da Lei n. 20.127, de 15/01/2020, assim como o impacto nos custos para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal, com coleta retrospectiva de dados em prontuários de 331 gestantes que realizaram cesariana eletiva, após a implementação da lei, e posteriormente, realizada uma comparação com o mesmo período de 2018 e 2019. As variáveis estudadas foram compiladas em arquivo, utilizando o programa Microsoft Excel® para posterior análise estatística através do teste de proporção, adotando-se significância <0,05. O estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Resultados: Com relação ao número de cesarianas eletivas realizadas em 2020, concluiu-se que houve um aumento de 47,18% na taxa de cesarianas e redução de 18,6% dos partos vaginais, quando comparadas ao ano de 2018. Ainda, no tocante ao custo, observou-se uma elevação de R$ 32.305,71 ao SUS. Conclusão: Observa-se, portanto, que há uma tendência na sociedade à realização de cesáreas, principalmente após a implementação da referida lei, bem como um maior custo ao serviço público.
Traumatic injuries in children and youth from Southern Brazil: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Soni Jamil F. , Sandrin Najila De M. , de Oliveira Paula R. F. , Possamai Alexandre F. , Ferreira André L. C. , de Melo Garbers Luiz A. F. , Daniel Mariana B. , Garais Luiz H. B.
Published: December 2021

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to identify the prevalence of firearm injuries (FI) and bladed weapon injuries (BWIs) in underage people and their respective outcomes.

Methods:

Using a retrospective observational design, data were recorded on patients who met the inclusion criteria receiving care in a public hospital between June 30, 2015, and June 30, 2018.

Results:

Ninety-one medical records were found, 76.9% of patients were males and 23.1% were females. Most injuries were caused by firearms (76%) and the remainder by bladed weapons (24%). The majority of patients were 12–18 years old (92.3%), while 7.7% were 6–12 years old. Male participants were the ones who most needed medical care (77%). Male adolescents in the older age group with injury-associated fractures (P = 0.015 and P = 0.032) accounted for the most common association in the sample, demonstrating greater susceptibility to fractures in these groups. Analysis of detailed location proved that BWIs BWIs were the leading cause of injuries to soft abdominal organs (P = 0.011).

Conclusion:

The occurrence of FI and BWIs in the pediatric population is significant and can imply death and tragic sequelae. Emergency services need to be prepared to provide care to these victims, particularly males and the 12–18 age range, as these are the most affected groups. Further studies should be conducted on this theme to gain a greater and better understanding of the etiology and repercussions of this type of injury in the lives of young patients.
LOCAL DISPLACEMENT PROBLEM FOR EQUATION OF FRACTIONAL DIFFUSION
Authors: Лосанова Ф.М.
Published: December 2021

Для уравнения дробной диффузии исследуется нелокальная краевая задача первого рода, нелокальность которой проявляется в том, что в граничном условии задается линейная комбинация значений искомой функции. В работе доказана теорема о существовании и единственности решения поставленной задачи.

For the fractional diffusion equation, we study a nonlocal boundary value problem of the first kind. The problem nonlocality is manifested in the fact that a linear combination of the values of the desired function is specified in the boundary condition. The theorem on the existence and uniqueness of a solution to the problem is proved.
THE ANALYSIS OF DEPENDENCE OF THE VALUES OF THE DST-INDEX COUNTED BY MEANS OF THREE TECHNIQUES FROM THE LEVEL OF SOLAR AND GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY
Authors: Мочалова А.В. , Мочалов В.А. , Мандрикова О.В.
Published: December 2021

В работе анализируется три способа вычисления Dst-индекса. Произведен анализ зависимости значений Dst-индекса, рассчитанных с помощью разных методик, от уровня солнечной и геомагнитной активности.

In work three ways of calculation of the Dst-index are analyzed. The analysis of dependence of values of the Dst-index counted by different techniques from the level of solar and geomagnetic activity is made.
METHOD OF NOISE DETECTION IN MAGNETIC DATA
Authors: Папшева С.Ю. , Мандрикова О.В. , Хомутов С.Ю.
Published: December 2021

Предложен вычислительный метод обнаружения помех в геомагнитных данных, основанный на вейвлет-преобразовании и пороговых функциях. Эффективность метода показана на примере обработки результатов измерений с помощью вариационного феррозондового магнитометра FGE-DTU (обсерватория Паратунка , Камчатский край, ИКИР ДВО РАН). Рассмотрены некоторые виды помех от естественных источников (при землетрясениях на Камчатке) и техногенных помех, связанных с работой ионозонда. Детально изучена частотно-временная структура помех в вариациях Z- и D-составляющих геомагнитного поля (частота измерений 2 Гц). Для рассмотренного вида помех определены информативные масштабные уровни вейвлет-преобразования и оценены параметры алгоритма реализации метода.

The method of detection of noise in magnetic data based on wavelet transformation and threshold functions is considered. Efficiency is shown by the results of analysis of fluxgate magnetometer FGE-DTU measurements at Observatory Paratunka, Kamchatka, IKIR FEB RAS. The noise from natural sources such as earthquakes in Kamchatka region and from artificial sources such as the vertical sounding of ionosphere by the ionosonde near Observatory is considered. Detailed time-frequency structure of noise in 2 Hz records of Z and D components is investigated. To automation the method for considered examples of noise the informative scale levels of wavelet-transformation are determined and parameters of threshold functions appreciated.
A BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM WITH AN OFFSET FOR A MODEL EQUATION OF MIXED TYPE IN AN UNBOUNDED DOMAIN
Authors: Зуннунов Р.Т. , Толибжонов Ж.А.
Published: December 2021

В данной работе для уравнения смешанного типа в неограниченной области эллиптическая часть которой является горизонтальной полосой исследуется задача со смещением на характеристиках разных семейств. Единственность решения задачи доказывается методом интегралов энергии, а существование решения задачи методом функций Грина и методом интегральных уравнений.

In this paper, for a mixed type equation in an unbounded region, the elliptical part of which is a horizontal strip, we study the problem with a shift on the characteristics of different families. The uniqueness of the solution of the problem is proved by the method of energy integrals, and the existence of a solution of the problem by the method of Green functions and the method of integral equations.
A METHODOLOGY TO ESTIMATE A REGION AND WAITING PERIOD FOR STRONG KAMCHATKA EARTHQUAKES BASED ON SEISMIC AND IONOSPHERIC PREDICTIVE SIGNS
Authors: Богданов В.В. , Павлов А.В.
Published: December 2021

В данной работе предпринята попытка объединить сейсмологические и ионосферные прогностические признаки, сопутствующие формированию землетрясений, с целью разработки методики оценки области и временного периода ожидания сильных камчатских землетрясений с энергетическим классом Ks≥13.5 (M≥6.0). В качестве среднесрочного предвестника предложен сейсмологический параметр, определённый на основе вероятностной модели сейсмического режима Камчатского режима и позволяющий оценить область и вероятность наступления в ней сильного землетрясения. В качестве краткосрочного предвестника с периодом ожидания землетрясений до 5 суток рассмотрен комплекс ионосферных возмущений. Для рассматриваемых предвестников проведена оценка их прогностической эффективности по методикам А.А. Гусева и Г.М. Молчана, а также произведён их совместный анализ перед наступлением землетрясений с Ks≥13.5 (M≥6.0), произошедших за период 20092018 гг.

In this paper, an attempt is made to combine seismological and ionospheric predictive signs formed on the eve of earthquakes in order to develop a methodology for assessing the region and the time period of waiting for strong Kamchatka earthquakes with energy class Ks ≥13.5 (M≥6.0). The seismological parameter determined on the basis of the probabilistic model of the seismicity of Kamchatka region and allowing to estimate the region and the probability of occurrence of a strong earthquake in it is proposed as a medium-term precursor. The complex of ionospheric disturbances is considered as a shortterm precursor with a waiting period of up to 5 days for earthquakes. The estimation of their prognostic efficiency for the considered precursors is carried out by methods A. A. Gusev and G. M. Molchan, and their joint analysis was performed on the eve of earthquakes with Ks≥13.5 (M≥6.0), that occurred in the period 20092018.