bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PETAR KRUŽIĆ, THE CAPTAIN FROM KLIS AND HIS WIFE JEROLIMA IN THE LITERATURE, HISTORY AND CONTEMPORARY FOLK NARRATION
Authors:   Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta u Splitu, DRAGIĆ Marko , ODŽA Ivana
Published: December 2024

The article begins with the historical context and causes for formation of uskoks and hajduks. Than it talks about women of Middle Ages and early New Ages, concentrating on uskok wives, especially on Jerolima Kružić, Petar Kružić ́s wife, about who, when it comes to genuine historical data, we know very little. Analysis of the topic is based on the existing historical data, living tradition and the novel Presječeni puti by Viktor Car Emin. In that way, coauthors are (re)constructing the character of Jerolima Kružić, exa-mining as many different aspects of the persona as possible, such as her heritage, physical appearance and personal believes of one of the most important uskok leader's wife. Jerolima ́s personal believes were probably very close to those of her husband – by that we mean her Godliness and patriotism in particular – and with that she fitted into the image of woman of the time. The romanticised version (by V.Car Emin) uses the historical truth, but also indicates a different perspective as well, introducing a psihological portrait of a woman who occasionally had difficulties dealing with her husband ́s line of work. In the article there are paragraphs about Petar Kružić, about his brave battles against the Ottoman conquerors and his heroic dead on 12 March 1537. On the same day the Ottoman soldiers conquered Klis. There are also some pharagraphs about Franjo (Fran), son of Jerolima and Petar Kružić. Fearlessness, heroism, love of God and patriotism of Petar Kružić are still present in the folk tales. Love of God also adorned his wife Jerolima, who helped and supported her husband in the fight against foreign command,
PRECHRISTIAN BELIEFS IN NERETVA VALLEY
Authors:   Sveučilište u Zadru, BABIĆ Vanda , VEKIĆ Denis
Published: December 2024

Guided by fact that territory of Neretva valley were last to accept Christianity in medieval Dalmatia, authors collect stories about transcendental beings and events that marked lives of Neretva people. Stories are collected and written in summer of year 2007 on lowlands and uplands of Neretva valley. All stories are presented in original dialectical expression and for the first time presented to the public. Presented stories are reviewed by the authors and then there has been unveiled their origin and mythical back-ground. There are stories of black ram demon that lives on the bottom of the river that has been documented for the first time. Besides the motive of black ram and faerie stories, in the research there is motive of wolf-man who is different from werewolf in act and appearance.
A PLAY ON THE STAGE OF LIFE
Authors: BRKIĆ Mirna
Published: December 2024

The subject of our interest is The Confessions of a Characterless Man(1996), Ivo Bresan's second novel. This comprehensive picaresque novel, with rich and extended plot and intertextual entries, is only at the surface a novel about the main character's adventures. Through the characterless figure of Fabricio Viskov, Bresan will present his personal ethical and philosophical reflexions as well as an original literary view of the problem of history and historical truth.
MAN AND SUPERMAN: THE TWO FACES OF SHAW'S FEMINISM
Authors: KUSOVAC Olivera
Published: December 2024

Analysing the two structural parts of G. B. Shaw's play Man and Superman, the paper explores the role of the woman as the Life Force directing evolution towards ultimate perfection. Focusing on the intricate relations between the characters, multiple aspects of the main female protagonists and the main idea of the play, the paper questions the discourse of the author's proclaimed feminism. It re-examines the views of the so-called first wave of feminist literary critics as generators of the discourse regarding Shaw as an indisputable pro-feminist, drawing the reader's attention to the subtle, previously unnoticed mechanisms which seem to reverse his feminist intentions, thus revealing the prevailing ambiguity underyling his representation of woman.
MYSTICAL AND IRONICAL DUBITATIONS OF VICTOR PELEVIN (Poetic determinants in the novel Chapayev and Void)
Authors:   Univerzitet Mediteran – Podgorica, ABOVIĆ Miomir
Published: December 2024

This essay covers issues of thematic and compositional characteristics of the novel Chapayev and Void by contemporary Russian writer Victor Pelevin. We have tried to give at least a hint of thematic richness and compositional complexity of this novel and the way in which these two interwined in the writer’s attempt to create a novel of the upmost artistic quality.
MILAN REŠETAR AS A MONTENEGRIST
Authors:   Institut za crnogorski jezik i jezikoslovlje „Vojislav P. Nikčević“, ČIRGIĆ Adnan
Published: December 2024

This paper represents a review of the contribution of Milan Rešetar to the Montenegristics, especially to its dialectology and njegosology. His contribution has been pointed out in two of his papers- Der stokavische Dialekt (the Stokavian Dialect) which has been published this year by Matica crnogorska, translated into the Montenegrin language, and a non-translated paper about the stress within the south-west stokavian speech entitled Die serbocroatische Betonung sudwestlicher Mundarten (Wien 1900). The author wants to point out a great contribution of Milan Rešetar, who was the first educated philologist interested in the Montenegrin language.
IN THE GROUND OF ONE FORGERY
Authors:   Institut za crnogorski jezik i jezikoslovlje „Vojislav P. Nikčević“, ČIRGIĆ Adnan
Published: December 2024

The paper represents the answer to the paper written by Bosko Mijanović, entitled Dvorac Crnojevića nije prikazan na graviri u Oktoihu (Matica, no. 39, Podgorica, 2009, pp. 159-180) where is given a false piece of information about the language of the will of Đurađ Crnojević. Mijanović makes an accusation against the author of the text, who, in his opinion, had attacked Jelica Stojanović without a palpable reason and that the fact of the problem were only partially true. Jelica Stojanović claimed that the will had been written in the Serbian language.
IEKAVIAN IOTATION IN MONTENEGRIN SPEECHES
Authors:   Institut za crnogorski jezik i književnost, ORLANDIĆ Sanja
Published: December 2024

Iekavian iotation is present, more or less, in all iekavian speeches. The territory covered by Montenegrin speeches is almost exclusively iekavian. Therefore, this paper aims to establish, on the basis of past studies of Montenegrin speeches, the territorial distribution of this vowel shift, as well as the consistency of its realization in the Montenegrin language area.
YELLOW PRESS – A LINGUISTIC POINT OF VIEW
Authors:   Univerzitet Mediteran – Podgorica, ABOVIĆ Miomir
Published: December 2024

In this paper the author deals with linguostylistic aspects of language of yellow press. The analysis was done on the corpus of “Scandal” and “Svijet” magazines, which are classic examples of yellow press in our country. It has been shown that, no matter how trivial and worthless the content of those magazines is, the authors of the articles from the magazines have developed a certain number of stylistic strategies which very successfully infl uence the readers’ reception of topics.
ENGLISH AND FRENCH DISCOURSE CONNECTIVES IN THE DISCOURSE OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Authors:   Elektrotehnički fakultet, Univerztet u Beogradu, ĐURIĆ D. Miloš
Published: December 2024

Although research on discourse connectives has been dominated by classification, general approaches usually draw on certain properties typically assigned to these linguistic items. Broadly speaking, the function of discourse connectives is seen as primarily connective; however, they might display other features in the discourse of electrical engineering. Firstly, the author introduces the scope, theoretical framework and corpus-based data. Secondly, he summarizes certain relevance-theoretic accounts pertaining to the object of his empirical investigation, and then surveys cur-rent research on discourse connectives. Thirdly, the author lists the most relevant findings about the discourse connectives (English: but and so, French: mais and ainsi) and discusses the applicability of the salient conditions for the status of English and French discourse connectives in electrical engineering discourse to the linguistic phenomena under investigation.
It has been concluded that English and French discourse connectives but, so, mais, and ainsi in the electrical engineering discourse might be effort-saving devices whose role is tripartite, pertaining to: 1. fillers, 2. hedge, and/or 3. mitigators. Finally and by way of recapitulation, it has been asserted that attempts at bringing together English and French items (but, so, mais and ainsi) under a single heading of discourse connectives have turned out to be plausible. The author’s investigation might have certain repercussions on future research on discourse connectives, at least in the discourse of electrical engineering.
SLAVIC LANGUAGE AND ALPHABET AMONG CATHOLICS FROM BAR UNTIL THE VIENNA AGREEMENT
Authors: JOVOVIĆ Ivan
Published: December 2024

Traces of literacy in Bar, particularly the one created in the Slavic language, reach back into the medieval past. The first clues about that are found in the Papal Bull of Pope Clement III, in 1089, in which he entrusts Petar, the Archbishop of Bar, among others, with the administration of the monasteries in Doclea. It is therefore no surprise that the major work of Montenegrin history and literature of the time – Chronicle of the Priest of Doclea, as stated by its author, was originally written in the Slavic language.
A SEMICENTENNIAL OF SCIENTIFIC WORK
Authors:   Filozofski fakultet − Nikšić, VOJINOVIĆ Vladimir
Published: December 2024

The author of the paper reviews one of the new editions of the Institute for Montenegrin Language, a study Montenegrin Philological Topics by Milorad Nikčević, a renowned author from Osijek. The paper highlights the importance of Nikčević’s anniversary, 45 years of scientific work, and the significance of his studies in various fields. In this context, the author has paid special attention to Nikčević’s studies of interference between oral and written literature.
EUPHEMISMS IN OBITUARIES OF MONTENEGRIN NEWSPAPERS
Authors:   Institut za strane jezike – Podgorica, PALAJSA-BACKOVIĆ Kristina
Published: December 2024

This paper analyzes examples of euphemization in the Montenegrin newspaper obituaries. The author studies representative examples of metaphorical­euphemistic language in this field, which also reflects social, religious and cultural practice of our community. This corpus contains numerous euphemistic terms and phrases as substitutes for taboo terms which directly refer to the concept of death and dying, and they are represented in seven metaphoric categories. However, examples which are not included in this classification are the result of the extreme euphemization strategy, characterized by the presence of verbal silence.
BEHAVIOUR OF SEMIVOWELS IN THE CORPUS OF BOSNIAN-HERZEGOVINIAN EPITAPHS
Authors: SMAJLOVIĆ Indira
Published: December 2024

The work represents compaction of behaviour, reduction and reflection of strong and weak semivowels in the corpus of inscribed Bosnian-Herzegovinian tomb stones, general Slavic or autochthonous features of Bosnian recension. Traditional graphic manner of Bosnian recension, and production of old Bosnian forms adopts and adapts types of semivowels of old Slavic tradition, and we therefore in the first phase of genesisand progressusnote conspicuous archaic phenomena (the presence of Glagolitic letters, old forms of Cyrillic letters, the regular use of ǫ -ǫ Acc. sing. f.), but we also observe the specific phenomenon of appearance of Bosnian recension: đervof the oldest kind, preposition uinstead of vь,consistent replacement of ywith i, adjective ending -ga.In this period the strong semivowel is still notedъ: vъ, vъmrě, bratъ, imnemъ(with missing e), as well as cluster -ъrwith the rule or with the exemption from the ordinary orthographic norm. Constructions with semivowel from the later periods of development of epigraphic material indicate the system with a single jer.
LITERARY AND CULTURAL DECADENCE OF BOKA KOTORSKA AT THE END OF 19TH AND BEGINNING OF 20TH CENTURY
Authors:   Filozofski fakultet Sveučilišta J. J. Strossmayera, NIKČEVIĆ Milorad
Published: December 2024

At the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century, the literature and art of Boka Kotorska experience tragic and gradual decadence. Exceptional spiritual and artistic, literary, architectural and musical treasure from previous centuries, which until then remained mostly conserved in the treasury of the Montenegrin cultural and spiritual tradition becomes destroyed. The author of the paper points to the most important literary phenomena and writers who created in Boka Kotorska in the second part of 19th and the beginning of 20th century.
STANDARDISATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF MERCURY EXTRACTION FROM
CINNABAR (HINGULA) USING THE NADA YANTRA METHOD IN AYURVEDIC
PRACTICE
Authors: Mathur Apoorav , Arora Ashish , Chaudhary Vijay
Published: December 2024

The extraction of mercury (Parada) from cinnabar (Hingula) is a critical process in Ayurvedic medicine, particu-larly for use in metallic and mineral formulations known as Rasayoga. Traditional methods for mercury extrac-tion, such as Urdhva Patana (upward sublimation), Adhah Patana (downward sublimation), and Tiryanka Pat-ana (transverse sublimation), face challenges in terms of efficiency and environmental concerns. This research addresses contemporary efficiency, safety, and environmental issues while creating a refined and standardised procedure for extracting mercury (Parada) from cinnabar (Hingula) utilising conventional Ayurvedic techniques. This study aims to refine mercury extraction by applying the Nada Yantra method, a specific approach detailed in classical Ayurvedic texts. A series of pharmaceutical trials developed a standard operating procedure (SOP) to optimise mercury yield from Hingula with and without purification (Shodhana). The process involves a series of sublimations following purification steps and a series of sublimations without purification, ensuring effective procurement of mercury for medicinal use. The study successfully standardises and compares mercury extraction from cinnabar with and without purification using the Nada Yantra method, yielding approximately 60% and 45 % purified mercury, respectively. This optimised process is efficient, environmentally considerate, and suitable for modern Ayurvedic practices, ensuring safe and high-quality mercury for medicinal use without additional pu-rification steps for Parada Shodhana. The project aims to create a repeatable standard operating procedure (SOP) for mercury extraction using the Nada Yantra technique, which has its roots in ancient writing but has been up-dated for modern applications. This method offers a reproducible and efficient means of obtaining purified mer-cury, suitable for modern Ayurvedic pharmaceutical practices. Enhancing the quality and yield of mercury for use in Ayurvedic medicinal formulations by improved extraction techniques would ensure that the material is safe, effective, and comply with environmental and regulatory requirements.
MICROALBUMINURIA IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS- AN AYURVEDIC PERSPECTIVE
Authors: P Anjali , Kumar K.M Krishna
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Microalbuminuria is the presence of albumin, a protein in urine. Microalbuminuria is an early sign
of kidney damage or Nephropathy, a common and serious complication of Diabetes. Diabetic renal disease was
originally described as glomerulopathy associated with diffuse or nodular glomerulosclerosis. Methodology: In
Ayurveda there is no direct reference, which can directly be correlated with Diabetic. Based on the Complications
of Diabetes mellitus, it can be related to the Upadrava of Vatika Prameha, the presence of protein in urine is a
complication of untreated Diabetes, likewise in our Samhithas, it is mentioned that when Prameha if left untreated,
may become Madhumeha. Results and Discussion: Madhumeha is serious condition which will affect the functions
of multiple organs including kidney, the Asraya Sthana is Basthi, one among Trimarma. It is greatly important to
keep the blood sugar level normal, in order to prevent one from further complications.
PHARMACEUTICO ANALYTICAL STUDY OF PRATHAPAMARTHANDA RASA
Authors: Sivakumar Revathi , A. K Muraleedharan
Published: December 2024

Rasayogas in Ayurveda have a wide range of therapeutic utilities and are fast-acting, even in small doses. Due to a
lack of research in this area, many Rasayogas are not used in clinical practice. Hence, researchers propagate many
formulations that can cure dreadful diseases. The present study concerns the Pharmaceutico analytical study of the
formulation called Prathapamarthanda rasa mentioned in Rasendra Sara sangraha jwara adhyaya. Prathapamarthanda rasa is a khalviya rasayana. Ingredients are Sodhita Vatsanabha, Shodhita Hingula, Shodhita Jayapala and
Shodhita Tankana. Physico-chemical analysis and instrumental analysis like XRD & SEM-EDAX were done to
ensure the quality of the medicine prepared.
SHWETA PRADAR IN AYURVEDA
Authors: Kumari Neeshu , Kumar Maghi Pramod
Published: December 2024

Shweta Pradara is one of the most common and burning problems faced by women all around the globe. No
woman is an exception to this illness. Many of the gynaecological disorders present Shweta pradara as the significant complaint which, if neglected, may lead to ascending infections harming the general health and disturbing
the women psychologically. Shweta pradara can be a symptom of many diseases and an independent entity. The
white discharge with foul smell makes it embracing to get into social gatherings and even engage in her personal
affairs. The white discharge may start as a simple problem and end in severity up to infertility if not treated at the
right time. Many treatments are prescribed for this problem but are not free from side effects and recurrence.
Hence, the selection of appropriate treatment without disturbing the other system is essential. The present study
has been designed to substantiate the Nidana and Samprapti, Samprapti Vighantana of Shweta Pradara so that an
alternative better form of therapy can be made available in those suffering from Shweta Pradara. She was taking
into account the complications of untreated Shweta Pradara, like infertility, etc. Therefore, this condition must be
actively treated, and the quality of life must be restored.
AYURVEDA MANAGEMENT OF MEDO DUSTHI W.S.R. TO DYSLIPIDEMIA- A
CONCEPTUAL STUDY
Authors: Prasad Bairwa Jagdish
Published: December 2024

The Medo Roga disease has expanded throughout India as the nation's economy grows. Our everyday diet has an
impact on how healthy we are. However, the Medo Roga spreads more quickly since many individuals want to eat
more and exercise less. Nowadays, a stressed lifestyle, increased junk food intake, and changing lifestyles are all
contributing factors to the rise in obesity. Recent research indicates that 15-20% of people in rural areas and 25-
30% of subjects in metropolitan areas have high cholesterol. Compared to high-income countries, this prevalence
is lower in low-income countries. Numerous lifestyle disorders, including osteoarthritis, dyslipidaemia, hyperlipidaemia, and malnutrition, may be brought on by this detrimental health effect. Dyslipidaemia is a significant lifestyle condition in today's fast-paced environment. Our classics have extensively detailed the consequences and
perils of Medo Vikriti. Aaharatmak, Viharatmak, Manasika, and other etiological factors like Bijabhava (hereditary) are among the many causes of Medoroga, which is essentially an Agni imbalance. Ayurvedic literature does
not use the term dyslipidaemia; instead, they identify the attributes of Sneha Dravya as Medodhatu.
AN AYURVEDA AND MODERN REVIEW ON AMLAPITTA W.S.R. TO HYPERACIDITY
Authors: Chhipa Ayushi , Sharma Ravi
Published: December 2024

Ayurveda is one of the oldest health sciences. Human health is in decline due to faulty lifestyles, dietary patterns,
mental stress, and strain. The changing lifestyle has led to a significant increase in disorders related to the gastrointestinal tract, known as Mahasrotas. Amlapitta is a significant disease affecting the Mahasrotas. It is a pittadominant disease associated with the digestive and excretory channels, known as Annavaha srotas and Purishvaha srotas. Amlapitta occurs due to weak digestive fire (mandagni) and undigested food (Ama) accumulation.
When the acidic property (Amla guna) of pitta increases, it results in Amlapitta. Various Acharya described Amlapitta as a distinct disorder, but its pathogenesis (Samprapti) is mentioned in Grahani dosha. The fundamental
principles of treatment include avoidance of causative factors (Nidana parivarjana), purification therapies (Shodhana), and palliative treatments (Shamana chikitsa). Specifically, emesis (Vamana) and purgation (Virechana)
are recommended for the upward and downward movement of doshas, respectively(1). In modern medical science,
Amlapitta can be correlated with gastritis.
AHARVIDHIVISHESHAYATAN A DETAILED REVIEW OF A HEALTHY AND BALANCED DIET IN AYURVEDA ACCORDING TO ASHTANG SANGRAH: A CRITICAL
REVIEW
Authors: Dattatray Shinde Naresh , Manikrao Gahunge Pankaj
Published: December 2024

To live healthy life healthy patterns are necessary to sustain physical and mental health, which is mostly rely on
Diet pattern. Ayurveda suggests the right ways of having meals for proper digestion, metabolism, nutrition and
excretion. The correct way of taking meals in daily life is Aharvidhivisheshayatana mentioned in Ashtang Sangrah. There are 7 Aharvidhivisheshayatana described in Ashtang Sangraha. Swabhav, Sanyoga, Sanskar, Matra,
Desh, Kaal and Upyogvyavstha. In Ayurveda physical and mental well-being is a must and it totally depends on
Ahar (diet), if these 7 methods are followed correctly then there are less chances of having diseases in future and
it will maintain the health of healthy individuals.
ROLE OF PANCHAMAHABHUTA IN THE FORMATION OF GARBHA
Authors: Navada Meghana , Murthy Mamata , Hegde Shruti
Published: December 2024

‘Sarvam Dravyam panchabhoutikam’, this statement emphasises the role of Mahabhoota (Tanmatra) during
Srushti utpatti and through the concept of anyonya-anupravesha the attributes of the preceding Mahabhoota gets
inherited by the succeeding one getting expressed in the dravyas. One such product of these mahabhutas is the
Garbha, wherein shukra, shonita, atma, prakruthi and vikaras combine in the garbhashaya. With a Soumya
shukra (jala mahabhuta predominant) and agneya arthava (agni mahabhuta predominant), and other mahabhutas
in anu swaroopa, owing to paraspara anugraha and paraspara anupravesha avastha they form the substratum
for the Panchabhautikatva of garbha. This article attempts to understand the role of Pancha Mahabhoota in the
formation of garbha and its relevance in comprehending the basic principles of Rachana Shareera
STUDY OF SUTIKA AAHAR IN ANUPA DESHA – A REVIEW
Authors: Jagadeesh Shanbough Pooja Sharada , Pednekar Lotliker Madhuri
Published: December 2024

Ayurveda gives importance to the mother's care at every phase of her life, one among them is during the sutika
kaal. The lady is termed as a sutika after the expulsion of the placenta. The regimen followed during this period is
called sutika paricharya. This includes aahar and vihar for the sutika to stay healthy and care for her child. During
this period, the sutika undergoes happiness, contentment, and physical and mental fatigue due to delivery, where
the body has undergone a strenuous act. There is also weakness due to losing blood and body fluid during delivery. She is much more prone to diseases due to the aggravation of doshas. Hollow space is created due to the expulsion of the foetus, and there is an aggravation of vata dosha, which causes shithilta. Kashyap Samhita says
treating sutika is as tricky as cleaning unclean, tattered, and old clothes. To avoid this situation, dietary measures
have to be followed. This topic sheds light on the food regimen, especially for sutika in Anupa desha. As Goa
comes under Anupa desha, it has a tropical climate all year round with a long sunny and rainy season due to
southwest monsoon. There is a lot of moisture in the air, and it is humid. Therefore, food items specifically given
to sutika in Anupa desha(Goa) will be discussed, which will help us to understand the dietary measures followed.
The Sutika diet helps restore the mother's health through proper vatanuloman, garbhashaya shodhan, and raktaprasadan karma.
Thracia Homerica: The Thracian Sword
Authors: Karadzhinov Ivaylo
Published: December 2024

The article explores two passages in the Iliad relating to the use of
a sword called “Thracian” (Hom. Il.: 13, 576–577; 23, 807–808; 824–825). Despite
the given information being interpreted in various commentaries on the Iliad and in
a number of studies devoted to the early history of Thracian communities, it has not
been the object of specific research. The evidence is examined from the point of view
of its characterisation in the text, the relations to the other testimonies in epic
referring to Thrace and in the context of the sword finds in the North Aegean and its
hinterland in Inner Thrace during the Late Bronze and the Early Iron Age.
As a fragment of the complex narrative structure of the poem, the “Thracian
sword” is situated in two different contexts – as a weapon used on the battlefield and
as a prize in a funeral game. In both cases, the sword is not owned by Thracian
warriors. The lack of a contextual connection between the Thracian contingents and
the weapon is seen as a main issue in the examination of the source. The mention of
the “Thracian” sword, however, form the plethora of the earliest written evidence of
Ancient Thrace that reflects the mutual knowledge of the communities in the region.
In the Homeric world, contacts with Thracians are represented by intercultural
relations such as wine trade, gift exchange, intermarriage, and participation in
military conflicts. These models of cultural interactions are commonplace in the poem
and it is difficult to determine whether they indicate actual contacts between Hellenic
and North Aegean communities. The uncertainties are fuelled by the lack of
information in the preserved Trojan Cycle on the events in Troy at the end of the Late
Bronze and the beginning of the Early Iron Age, when in layer VIIb (and VIIb2 in
particular) occurred a marked change in the material culture, associated with the
settlement of inhabitants from Inner Thrace. From this perspective, the question
whether the testimony refers to an existing weapon or it is a product of literary
invention remains open.
Nationalisation – The Engine to Raise France from the Ruins (1944–1946)
Authors: Milkov Hristo
Published: December 2024

This study aims to analyse one of the key phenomena in contemporary French history – the nationalizations. They make it possible for the country to rise from World War II’s ruins and embark on the path to reconstruction and modernization. At the head of the Provisional Government of the French Republic is General De Gaulle, conscious of the historic mission at this turning point. The realization of nationalizations went far beyond the period of the Provisional Government’s rule. Its consequences lead to the creation of foundations in various areas, such as strategic sectors in the economy, the restoration of the previous and construction of new infrastructure, and the transition of finances, credit, and insurance into the hands of the state. Coal mining, gas extraction, and electricity production were nationalized. One of the most important goals of nationalization are aircraft and automobile production, railway, sea, and river transport. The rebuilding of the railways is becoming a priority. The nationalization of banks, credit, and insurance deeply affects different social groups and takes place after prolonged disputes and numerous compromises. After the war, the new role of the state emerged as the main cementing factor in society. It makes it the only force capable of bringing about the recovery and modernization of the economy. The main lever for achieving this is nationalization.
A New Interactive Digital Map of Bulgarian Diplomacy from 1878 to 1914
Authors: Simeonov Simeon
Published: December 2024

This article presents the first of its kind digital interactive mapping project of the modern Bulgarian diplomatic service from 1878 to 1914, titled “Mapping the Bulgarian Foreign Service”. The article places the project in the context of digital humanitarian studies, analyses its place in the historiographic discussions regarding the development of Bulgarian diplomacy, highlights some perspectives and challenges for the future of the project, as well as that of the field of digital humanities in Bulgaria.
Pit from the 1st Century AD near Ruzhintsi Village, Vidin Region
Authors: Zhivkov Vladislav
Published: December 2024

The following article presents the salvage excavation of a
domestic-related pit, containing a heterogeneous fill. It had a complex shape: the
upper part was cylindrical, and the lower part was truncated-conical, expanding
towards the bottom. The filling was heterogeneous; in the lower portion it was
well-mixed with yellow soil inclusions and lenses from the loess layer into which
the pit was dug. Only ceramic fragments were found within the boundaries of the
excavated structure. They belonged to vessels that were made on the wheel (mainly
grey, but also those with a red colour) and also from vessels made by hand. Of
particular interest are the sherds of wheel-made bowls with a grey colour and a
thickened rim. In recent years, these have often been found on sites that date to
the 1st century AD. A rim sherd from a censer was also discovered in the pit – an
imitation of a Roman form, but made by hand. According to their parallels the
ceramics from the pit can be dated within the limits of the 1st century AD. The
excavated pit is probably part of a larger settlement that developed outside the
boundaries of the surveyed easement.
A Multicultural Archaeological Site on Bukowa Góra Hill in the Town of Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
Authors: Rozmus Dariusz , Pawlikowski Maciej
Published: December 2024

There is a multicultural archaeological site on Bukowa Góra Hill
in Dąbrowa Górnicza in Southern Poland. The chronology of megalith-type stone
structures, barrow burial grounds and traces of ore mining extends from the Stone
Age to the early Middle Ages.
On the Continuous Composition of Integrable Functions
Authors: Parsian Ali
Published: December 2024

We prove if $\alpha$ be a function of bounded variation on $[a,b]$, $[m_{i}, M_{i}] \subset \mathbb{R}$ be a closed interval for $1\leq i \leq n$, $f_{i}:[a,b]\to [m_{i}, M_{i}]$ be Riemann-Stieltjes integrable with respect to $\alpha$, and $G: \Pi_{i=1}^{i=n} [m_{i},M_{i}] \to \mathbb{R}$ be continuous, then $H=G\circ(f_{1}, \dots ,f_{n})$ is Riemann-Stieltjes integrable with respect to $\alpha$. Some other consequences, applications and counterexamples are also provided.
New Sequence Spaces Derived From the Composition of Integrated and Differentiated Spaces and Binomial Matrix
Authors: Topal Kübra
Published: December 2024

In this article, we construct new sequence spaces by combining the integrated and differentiated sequence spaces with the binomial matrix. We first construct the properties of these new sequence spaces and we examine some inclusion relations. Furthermore, we determine $\alpha-$, $\beta-$ and $\gamma-$ duals of the integrated and differentiated sequence spaces separately and provide proofs for some of them. Additionally, we characterize some matrix classes associated with these new sequence spaces, along with the obtained results. Finally, we investigate some geometric properties of new integrated sequence spaces.
The Relationship Between Generalized Fibonacci Polynomials
Authors: Şahin Adem
Published: December 2024

In this study, we obtain the relationship between two different generalized Fibonacci polynomials ($F_{k,n}(t)$ and $F_{k,n}(s)$). We discuss some of the special cases of $F_{k,n}(t)$ and $F_{k,n}(s)$, and we show that the obtained results are valid in these special cases. Since $F_{k,n}(s)$ is a new polynomial obtained by a different selection of the coefficients of the core polynomial used to define $F_{k,n}(t)$, our results will provide a new perspective on this issue. This perspective allows us to generalize classical results, such as the relationship between number sequences, the connection between this relationship and the coefficients of the core polynomial, and the method of obtaining these sequences using matrices.
Fuzzy Closure Hopf Space
Authors: Demiralp Sibel
Published: December 2024

In this study, we introduce the concepts of fuzzy closure Hopf space and fuzzy closure Hopf group within the framework of fuzzy closure spaces, using homotopy theory. We investigate the relationships between the fuzzy closure Hopf group and its homotopy equivalence. Furthermore, we demonstrate the existence of a contravariant functor from the category of fuzzy closure Hopf spaces and the continuous functions, to the category of groups and homomorphisms. This is demonstrated by illustrating that the set of homotopy function classes among fuzzy closure Hopf groups constitutes a group.
Split (Pre)crossed Modules over $R$-Algebroids
Authors: Avcıoğlu Osman
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we introduce (d-)split and (d-)split$^{+}$ epimorphisms and (d-)split and d-split$^{\ast}$ (pre)crossed modules in the context of algebroids. Moreover, we examine their categorical properties, and in particular, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a morphism of pre-$R$-algebroids to be a d-split precrossed module and a necessary and sufficient condition for a d-split$^{\ast}$ precrossed module to be a crossed module. In addition, we examine the hierarchical relations between the categories obtained and look over some results for split (pre)crossed modules over associative $R$-algebras, as a reduced case.
Mask-Based IoU for Bounding Box Regression Using Medical Images
Authors: Çakar Serap , Kotan Muhammed , Öz Cemil , Sönmez Ahmet Furkan , Cerezci Feyza , Delibaşoğlu İbrahim
Published: December 2024

Bounding box regression plays a pivotal role in the majority of object detection algorithms, significantly
influencing the accuracy of object positioning and the regression speed of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). In object detection benchmarks, Intersection over Union (IoU) remains the widely adopted metric for evaluation. Traditional IoU-based loss functions often suffer from poor training outcomes and slow convergence, and they fail to account for situations where the predicted bounding box does not entirely capture the object’s mask. This study introduces the Mask-based Intersection over Union (MbIoU) metric for improving bounding box regression in object detection using medical images. The proposed MbIoU metric incorporates the object mask into the bounding box regression process, offering a more precise evaluation of how well the predicted bounding box encapsulates the object. The developed MbIoU metric was tested on the MNIST: HAM10000 dermoscopic skin images dataset, COVID-19 CT dataset, and Brain Tumor dataset and compared to traditional IoU metrics. The results show that MbIoU enhances the prediction by better capturing the object’s contained mask.
Mapping of $L^2 -$norm of Two Multiplied $2\pi-$Periodic Functions to Their Fourier Coefficients (Part II)
Authors: Sharkas Hesham
Published: December 2024

This work derives an identity that maps between the $2$-norm of two multiplied $2\pi$-periodic functions in $L^2$ space (i.e., $||f.g||^2_{L^2 (-\pi,\pi)}$) to the individual Fourier coefficients of $f$ and $g$. Alternately, it maps between the $2$-norm of two multiplied discrete-time Fourier transforms (i.e., $||\mathscr{F}\{f\}.\mathscr{F}\{g\}||^2_{L^2 (-\pi,\pi)}$) to the discrete-time samples of $f$ and $g$. The results are equality to Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, and extend the results of our previous paper that map between $||f||^4_{L^4 (-\pi,\pi)}$ to the Fourier coefficients of $f$, alternately $||\mathscr{F}\{f\}||^4_{L^4 (-\pi,\pi)}$ to the discrete-time samples of $f$.
Some Scattering and Spectral Properties of a Difference Equation with an Interface Condition and Hyperbolic Eigenparameter
Authors: Öznur Güler Başak
Published: December 2024

The purpose aim of this study is to investigate the properties of scattering solutions
and the scattering function of an difference equation with the interface conditions and hyperbolic
parameter. We also investigate resolvent operator, Green function, continuous spectrum and the
set of the eigenvalues of this problem. Finally, we present an example to demonstrate the
application of our results. This work is important because the boundary condition is depend on
quadratic hyperbolic parameter. This difference provides a new perspective of the problem.
On Pseudo-cyclic Multipliers in Hilbert Function Spaces
Authors: Yılmaz Faruk
Published: December 2024

Let $\mathcal{H}$ be a separable complete Pick space of continuous functions on a compact set $\Omega$ with multiplier algebra $\mathrm{M}(\mathcal{H})$. The notion of the pseudo-cyclicity is recently defined by Aleman et al. In this short paper, we first extend their definition of the pseudo-cyclic multipliers to all functions $f$ in $\mathcal{H}$. Then we show that whenever one-function corona theorem holds for $\mathrm{M}(\mathcal{H})$ then a function $f$ in $\mathcal{H}$ is in the pseudo-cyclic class $ \mathcal{C}_n(\mathcal{H})$ if and only if $1/f$ is in the corresponding Pick-Smirnov type class $N_n^+(\mathcal{H})$. Furthermore, we show that non-vanishing functions $f \in \mathcal{H}$ are in the class $\mathcal{C}_1(\mathcal{H})$. For functions $\varphi, \psi$ in $\mathrm{M}(\mathcal{H})$, with at least one being in $\mathcal{C}_1(\mathcal{H})$, we also show that the invariant subspace generated by $\varphi \psi$ is equal to the intersection of invariant subspaces generated by $\varphi$ and $ \psi$.
On the Generalized Francois Numbers
Authors: Alp Yasemin
Published: December 2024

This study introduces the generalized Francois numbers and investigates their some properties. In addition, we give the basic formulas such as Binet's formula, sums formulas. Also, we provide some identities among the Fibonacci sequence, the Lucas sequence, and the generalized Francois sequence.
Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for Attack Detection in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks
Authors: Görmüş Ahmet Faruk , Gönen Serkan , Haşıloğlu Abdulsamet , Yılmaz Ercan Nurcan
Published: December 2024

Nowadays, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly utilized in various civil and military
applications, highlighting the growing need for robust security in UAV networks. Cyberattacks on these networks can lead to operational disruptions and the loss of critical information. This study evaluates five machine learning models—Random Forest (RF), CatBoost, XGBoost, AdaBoost, and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)—for detecting attacks on UAV networks using the CICIOT2023 (Canadian Institute for Cybersecurity Internet of Things 2023) dataset. Performance metrics such as accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and F1 score were used to assess these models. Among them, CatBoost demonstrated superior performance, achieving the highest accuracy and the fastest prediction time of 6.487 seconds, making it particularly advantageous for real-time attack detection. This study underscores the effectiveness of CatBoost in both accuracy and efficiency, positioning it as an ideal choice for enhancing UAV network security. The findings contribute to addressing cybersecurity vulnerabilities in UAV networks and support the development of more secure network infrastructures.
Propuesta de gestión dirigida a la reactivación del hotelería desde la fidelización de turistas al sur de Manabí
Authors: Cevallos Ponce Angela Agripina , Marcillo Pin Karla Rosanna , Gutiérrez Cevallos Ricardo Xavier , Macías Catagua Otto Wagner
Published: December 2024

El presente estudio se llevó a cabo con el objetivo de proponer una gestión que promueva la reactivación de la hotelería desde la fidelización de turistas al sur de Manabí. Por lo cual, se desarrolló una investigación enmarcada en enfoque mixto con diseño descriptivo y carácter no experimental, aplicando como técnica e instrumento de recolección de datos la revisión bibliográfica, y la encuesta la cual estuvo dirigida a turistas que estuvieron presentes en la zona sur de la provincia de Manabí. A su vez, se llevó a cabo el diseño de una propuesta de gestión basada en las opiniones y experiencias de los turistas, así como el apoyo de la revisión bibliográfica, esto con el fin de promover la reactivación de 125 hoteles que sirvieron como muestra en la investigación, los cuales se localizan dentro de la localidad estudiada. Destacando entre los principales resultados encontrados que a través del diagnóstico, el aprovechamiento de fortalezas y oportunidades, la fidelización, y la capacitación se puede promover una reactivación eficiente de la hotelería por medio de estrategias que conducen a la satisfacción de las necesidades así como la fidelización de turistas como clientes del sector hotelero.
Selección de personal basada en la gestión de talento humano del gobierno municipal Santa Ana
Authors: Moreira Ponce Hugo , Ponce Alvarez Cruz Verónica
Published: December 2024

Esta investigación se enfoca en la selección de personal en el Gobierno Autónomo Descentralizado (GAD) del cantón Santa Ana, ya que que se ha evidenciado inconsistencias en la selección de personal, reflejando un incumplimiento con el manual de selección de personal según la norma 407-02 de control interno, con el objetivo de determinar la incidencia de la gestión de talento humano en el subsistema de selección de personal y resolver la problemática, se evaluó la percepción de los servidores públicos, en donde el 67,4% está de acuerdo con la socialización de las bases del concurso, y el 72,7% considera ajustar el manual a las normas de control interno, para ello se aplicó un enfoque mixto, con métodos cuantitativos y cualitativos, mediante encuestas y observaciones directas, para comprender la eficacia de la gestión, siendo esta efectiva con aspectos a mejorar para optimizar el proceso de selección de personal y la satisfacción de los servidores públicos.
Análisis comparativo de manifestaciones patológicas en viviendas de interés social. Conjunto habitacional “Sí Vivienda” – Manta
Authors: Dominguez Gutiérrez Jacqueline , Pico Zambrano Alan Josué , Rivera Mendoza Angie Melina
Published: December 2024

La construcción de viviendas de interés social, destinadas a poblaciones vulnerables, a menudo prioriza la cantidad sobre la calidad, lo que resulta en la aparición de patologías constructivas que comprometen la seguridad y habitabilidad de estas edificaciones. En el conjunto habitacional "Si Vivienda" en Manta, se observó la necesidad de evaluar el estado técnico constructivo de las viviendas y determinar las posibles diferencias existentes entre los diferentes modelos constructivos. El objetivo general fue analizar las manifestaciones patológicas en los 4 distintos modelos de vivienda existentes en el conjunto habitacional para identificar cuál de ellos presentaba un mayor deterioro. Se realizó el estudio patológico de 60 viviendas distribuidas uniformemente en los 4 modelos presentes. Se utilizó la metodología expuesta por de Tejera y Álvarez para analizar los elementos componentes de las viviendas y se clasificó su estado técnico constructivo. Los resultados revelaron que todas las tipologías de vivienda presentaban un estado técnico constructivo "Muy bueno". Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias en la incidencia de lesiones entre los diferentes modelos; las viviendas tipo Umiña obtuvieron una puntuación del 98.50%, seguidas de las del tipo Gaviota con el 98.24%, luego de las del tipo Isabella con el 97.45%, y por último las del tipo Tohallí con un porcentaje del 97.42%.
Prácticas innovadoras en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de estudiantes de bachillerato
Authors: Cedeño Aldaz Ketty Margarita , Quimiz Moreira Mauricio Alexander , Zambrano Acosta Jimmy Manuel
Published: December 2024

En la actualidad las prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras están estrechamente ligadas con la incorporación de las TIC en el proceso enseñanza – aprendizaje, el cual tiene como finalidad fortalecer el aprendizaje de los estudiantes.  El objetivo de la investigación fue identificar los factores que limitan la utilización de prácticas innovadoras con TIC en la enseñanza de los estudiantes de bachillerato de la Unidad Educativa Mathius Josué Quintanilla Sierra. Se aplicó un enfoque cuantitativo, el estudio es no experimental, según el alcance de la investigación es de tipo descriptivo, con un diseño de investigación de campo, utilizando la técnica de la encuesta como medio de recolección de información.  Los resultados demostraron que la falta de recursos tecnológicos en la institución se convierte en un  gran limitante para aplicar  prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras basadas en TIC dentro del aula; además otros limitantes que la población destacó fueron: el exceso de trabajo de escritorio, que incluye la frecuente solicitud de documentos, informes y tareas administrativas; la falta de visión personal, que lleva a muchos docentes a considerar que no deben invertir recursos propios para mejorar sus condiciones laborales; la poca inversión estatal en herramientas tecnológicas la misma que priva a los estudiantes de recursos que podrían enriquecer su aprendizaje; la restricción en el uso de teléfonos y tablets por parte de los estudiantes; subestimar la creación de contenidos como TikTok, cómics y juegos, contribuye a una visión negativa sobre herramientas que podrían ser utilizadas para facilitar el aprendizaje de conceptos clave en las asignaturas.
Factores de riesgos en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas degenerativas en adultos mayores
Authors: Rivas Vélez Nayely Del Rocio , Loor Vega Miryam Patricia , Quijije Ortega María Augusta , Figueroa Cañarte Fátima Monserrate
Published: December 2024

Las enfermedades crónicas-degenerativas, resultantes de hábitos perjudiciales para la salud, representan uno de los mayores desafíos para los sistemas de salud. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar el papel de la enfermería en la prevención de estas enfermedades en el adulto mayor, como parte del cumplimiento de los objetivos del proyecto de investigación de la carrera de Enfermería para delimitar los conocimientos científicos que justifiquen la incidencia de estrategias y programas multidisciplinarias de promoción, prevención y rehabilitación en indicadores biopsicosociales  y culturales del adulto mayor y la familia en la zona 4 de Manabí, en el Ecuador; para ello se llevó a cabo un estudio cualitativo con una metodología descriptiva y de revisión sistemática, utilizando un enfoque analítico-sintético. Se revisaron bibliografías en bases de datos principales como Scielo, Dialnet, PubMed, Redalyc y Google Académico, seleccionando un total de 21 artículos para el análisis. Los resultados mostraron que las principales fuentes de artículos científicos fueron Google Académico (33,3%), Scielo (28,6%) y Redalyc (28,6%). La conclusión principal fue que el 55% de las investigaciones identificaron el rol educativo como la función principal de los enfermeros en la prevención, cuidado de enfermedades crónicas-degenerativas en adultos mayores. Basado en estos hallazgos, se desarrolló un programa educativo destinado a promover cambios en el estilo de vida de los adultos mayores para prevenir estas enfermedades, las medidas recomendadas para contrarestar los factores de riesgos, se incluyen mantener un peso saludable, realizar ejercicio físico, seguir una dieta equilibrada y evitar el consumo de tabaco, alcohol y el sedentarismo.