bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching in the Professional Context
Authors: Frankforter A. Daniel
Published: May 2020

Article published in Teaching History by Frankforter.
Turning Them on the First Day of Class
Authors: Mugleston William F.
Published: May 2020

Article published in Teaching History by Mugleston.
The Historian and the Nuclear Arms Race
Authors: Divine Robert A.
Published: May 2020

Published in Teaching History by Divine.
From the Ground Up
Authors: Moore Johnny S.
Published: May 2020

Article published in Teaching History by Moore.
Team Teaching with Films
Authors: Clinton Lawrence
Published: May 2020

Article published in Teaching History by Clinton.
Book Reviews
Authors: Nichols Irby C. , Wade Harry E. , Lindsay Robert O. , Davis Gerald H. , Toy Eckard V. , Forsythe James L. , Beales Ross W. , Bailey Raymond C. , Slater Peter Gregg , Geib George W. , Lewis Thomas T. , Greene Dana , Robertson Richard
Published: May 2020

Peter C. Rollins, Editor. Hollywood as Historian: American Film in a Cultural Context. Lexington: The University Press of Kentucky, 1983. Pp. x, 276. Paper, $10.00; Cloth, $26.00. Review by Richard Robertson of the Alabama Humanities Resource Center. M. A. Fitzsimmons. The Past Recaptured: Great Historians and the History of History. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press, 1983. Pp. ix, 230. Cloth, $16.95. Review by Dana Greene of St. Mary's College of Maryland. Peter Loewenberg. Decoding the Past: The Psychohistorical Approach. New York: Alfred Knopf, 1983. Pp. 300. Cloth, $20.00. Review by Thomas T. Lewis of Mount Senario College. John Anthony Scott. The Ballad of America: The History of the United States in Song and Story. Second edition. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1983. Pp. xiii, 439. Paper, $12.95. Review by George W. Geib of Butler University. Stanley Coben and Lorman Ratner, eds. The Development of an American Culture. Second edition. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1983. Pp. viii, 371. Cloth, $15.95; Paper, $8.95. Review by Peter Gregg Slater of Mercy College. Jerome R. Reich. Colonial America. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1984. Pp. x, 307. Paper, $15.95. Review by Raymond C. Bailey of Northern Virginia Community College. Vivian C. Fox and Martin H. Quitt, eds. Loving, Parenting, and Dying: The Family Cycle in England and America., Past and Present. New York: Psychohistory Press, 1981. Pp. vi, 488. Cloth, $38.50; paper, $11.95. Review by Ross W. Beales, Jr. of the College of the Holy Cross. Arthur S. Link and William A. Link. The Twentieth Century: An American History. Arlington Heights, Illinois: Harlan Davidson, Inc., 1983. Pp. x, 374. Cloth, $27.50; Paper, $16.95. Review by James L. Forsythe of Fort Hays State University. Mine Okubo. Citizen 13660. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 1983. Pp. xii, 209. Paper, $8.95. Review by Eckard V. Toy, Jr. of Oregon State University. Brian Catchpole. A Map History of Our Own Times from the 1950s to the Present Day. London and Exeter: Heinemann Books, 1983. Pp. vii, 148. Paper, $7.00. Review by Gerald H. Davis of Georgia State University. Edward Peters. Europe and the Middle Ages. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1983. Pp. 319. Paper, $14.95. Review by Robert O. Lindsay of the University of Montana. P. M. Harman. The Scientific Revolution. London and New York: Methuen, 1983. Pp. vii, 35. Paper, $2.95. J. H. Shennan; France Before the Revolution. London and New York: Methuen, 1983. Pp. vii, 35. Paper, $2.95. Review by Harry E. Wade of East Texas State University. Woodruff D. Smith. European Imperialism in the 19th and 20th Centuries. Chicago: Nelson Hall Publishers, 1982. Pp. vii, 273. Cloth, $20.95; Paper, $10.95. Review by Irby C. Nichols Jr., North Texas State University.
Учет модернизаций и выбытия флота отечественных речных круизных пассажирских судов при оценке перспектив речного круизного рынка
Authors: Egorov A.G.
Published: May 2020

При разработке проектов новых речных круизных пассажирских судов (РКПС) и модернизации существующих крайне важно иметь представление о реальной ситуации с фактической пассажировместимостью РКПС. Для решения поставленной задачи были    исследованы 113 имеющих действующий класс на 2019 год РКПС. Существенно модернизировано с повышением уровня комфортабель-ности 43 круизных пассажирских судна (38,7 % от всех работающих в навигацию 2019 года). При существенной модернизации РКПС из первой группы (суда проектов 26-37, 588, 305, 646) пассажировместимость в среднем уменьшается на 52,3 %, при сохранении философии – на 32 %. При существенной модернизации РКПС из второй группы (проекты 301, 302, Q-040, Q-056, Q-065, 92-016) – на 37 %, при сохранении философии – на 16,1 %. К 2030 году прогнозируется уменьшение пассажировместимости на 52,72 % до 11631 человека, и это, не считая возможного уменьшения пассажировместимости за счет глубокой модернизации существу-  ющих круизных судов для повышения уровня комфортабельности в 2019-2030 годы. При этом также не учитываются возможные новые РКПС, которые будут заказаны и построены (либо переоборудованы из других типов судов), начиная с 2020 года. Для сохранения понятия «речной круиз», и не только для иност-ранных туристов, рекомендуется на среднесрочную и долгосрочную перспективы строительство новых пассажирских судов, которые бы наиболее полно удовлетворяли запросам рынка. Это могут быть круизные пассажирские суда как для классических речных маршрутов в европейской части страны (PV300, PV500VB, PV09, ПКС-180 и т.п.), так и смешанного плавания суда для работы в прибрежных морях и на речных маршрутах в восточной части (PV300VD, PV11, PV11M и т.п.)
Определение предельных скоростей роста амплитуды напряжений при ускоренных испытаниях деталей машин на сопротивление усталости
Authors: Konoplev A.V. , Cheredarchuk N.I. , Halevskyi V.V. , Kononova O.М. , Rozhko О.К. , Sologub V.О.
Published: May 2020

На основе линейной гипотезы накопления усталостных повреждений определены предельные скорости увеличения ампли-туды напряжений при ускоренных испытаниях деталей машин на сопротивление усталости. Задача решена для двух режимов нагружения, в частности, когда начальное напряжение меньше и больше предела выносливости. Показано, что в зависимости от выбора уравнения кривой усталости значения максимально допустимых скоростей могут существенно различаться. На основании сравнительного анализа полученных результатов рекомендованы значения предельных скоростей, которые гарантированно приведут к разрушению испытуемых объектов в многоцикловой области.
Comparison of Single and Double-Network PVA Pervaporation Performance: Effect of Operating Temperature
Authors: Selim Asmaa , Tóth András József , Haáz Enikő , Fózer Dániel , Mizsey Péter
Published: May 2020

Thermal crosslinking sequential method applied for DN-PVAs generation efficiently. The swelling measurements investigated that the hydrophilicity of the membrane decreases because of the collaboration of the second thermal crosslinked PVA matrix. The dehydration performance of ethanol solution showed improved using the thermal crosslinked double network PVA membrane. The pervaporation dehydration of the water-ethanol mixture was investigated at different conditions. The separation selectivity showed a significant improvement, while the permeation flux declines due to the incorporation of the second PVA network under 95 % ethanol and at 40 °C. Increasing the feed temperature enhanced the permeability of the membrane, while decreasing the water content in the feed resulted in an increase in the selectivity. The overall results showed that, at high operating temperature and high ethanol concentration in the feed, the prepared membranes are highly selective towards the water with reasonable fluxes values. The influence of temperature permeation parameter and diffusion coefficient of the feed component is also discussed. The negative heat of sorption ( ∆Hs ) values calculated on the basis of the estimated Arrhenius activation energy values indicates that the sorption process is controlled by Langmuir's mode.
Population ecology and ETs based time series for climate smart pest management of Spilosoma obliqua Walker
Authors: Roy Nayan
Published: May 2020

The two-sex pooled life table of S. obliqua Walker (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) was constructed along with their population density and yield loss estimation to determine their economic thresholds (ETs) based time series on two different crops such as sesame (S. indicum; cv. Rama) and green gram (V. radiata; cv. KB-54) in 2019. The population ecology and ETs of S. obliqua were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the host phytoconstituents in terms of host suitability or susceptibility (sesame>green gram). Average EIL and ET for S obliqua was 26.388Â±1.627 and 24.230Â±2.412 pests/30 plants, respectively for sesame that were insignificantly (F1,4=2.794-3.335; Pâ‰¥0.142) differed from the green gram. For a single pest per m2 (30Â±2 plants/m2) the possible time that can be taken to reach EIL (Ti) and ET (Tt) were 38.246Â±1.157 and 37.246Â±1.157 days, respectively on sesame which were significantly (F1,4=24.111; P=0.008) lower than green gram. Even, ETs based time series was also calculated to find the specific time (Tt days) to reach ET for any number of pest(s) on the selected crops for time based management. The benefit cost ratio (BCR/ha) of sesame and green gram was 0.478 and 0.390, respectively with significant (P<0.05) deviation. The carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE) of sesame (301.860 kg/ha) was significantly (P<0.05) higher than green gram (172.260 kg/ha) due to more biomass production. These findings will obviously help farmers to choose sesame as a suitable trap crop for green gram on the basis of pest attraction or susceptibility, ETs based time series, BCR values (sesame>green gram) as well as CSE for climate smart pest management (CSPM) by applying appropriate control measures judiciously if required within the time limit to reach the ETs as in time series for sustainable climate smart agriculture (CSA) of such crops in near future.
Influence of colour on oviposition behaviour in green lacewing Chrysoperla zastrowi sillemi (Esben - Petersen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: K Elango , Nelson S Jeyarajan , Kumar P Dinesh
Published: May 2020

The Green lacewing, Chrysoperla zastrowi silleni (Esben-Peterson), also known as â€œaphidlionâ€ is a beneficial insect predator of various insect pests. The laboratory experiment was conducted during 2018-19 to evaluate the substrate colour preference for egg laying by C. zastrowi sillemi. Egg receiving sheets were pasted with white, black, green, indigo blue, yellow, brown, violet, sky blue, pink, red and orange colour papers. Among all colours C. z. sillemi females preferred orange colour as a substrate for egg laying with maximum number of eggs (43.13/female/day) followed by red colour substrate (25.50 eggs/female/day). White and black were least preferred.
Persistence of giants: population dynamics of the limpet Scutellastra laticostata on rocky shores in Western Australia
Authors: Scheibling RE , Black R
Published: May 2020

Population dynamics and life history traits of the ‘giant’ limpetScutellastra laticostataon intertidal limestone platforms at Rottnest Island, Western Australia, were recorded by interannual (January/February) monitoring of limpet density and size structure, and relocation of marked individuals, at 3 locations over periods of 13-16 yr between 1993 and 2020. Limpet densities ranged from 4 to 9 ind. m-2on wave-swept seaward margins of platforms at 2 locations and on a rocky notch at the landward margin of the platform at a third. Juvenile recruits (25-55 mm shell length) were present each year, usually at low densities (<1 m-2), but localized pulses of recruitment occurred in some years. Annual survival rates of marked limpets varied among sites and cohorts, ranging from 0.42 yr-1at the notch to 0.79 and 0.87 yr-1on the platforms. A mass mortality of limpets on the platforms occurred in 2003, likely mediated by thermal stress during daytime low tides, coincident with high air temperatures and calm seas. Juveniles grew rapidly to adult size within 2 yr. Asymptotic size (L∞, von Bertalanffy growth model) ranged from 89 to 97 mm, and maximum size from 100 to 113 mm, on platforms. Growth rate and maximum size were lower on the notch. Our empirical observations and simulation models suggest that these populations are relatively stable on a decadal time scale. The frequency and magnitude of recruitment pulses and high rate of adult survival provide considerable inertia, enabling persistence of these populations in the face of sporadic climatic extremes.
Diet segregation in Adélie penguins: some individuals attempt to overcome colony-induced and annual foraging challenges
Authors: Massaro M , Ainley DG , Santora JA , Quillfeldt P , Lescroël A , Whitehead A , Varsani A , Ballard G , Lyver P O’B
Published: May 2020

Intraspecific competition for food can be especially high in colonial breeding seabirds. To minimize colony-induced or annual foraging challenges, diet may vary among individuals, but few studies have simultaneously investigated the effects of both extrinsic conditions (e.g. colony or year effects) and parameters of an individual (e.g. sex, age or individual quality) on diet in seabirds. Using stable isotope analyses, we studied the diet of 214 Adélie penguinsPygoscelis adeliaeof known sex, age and breeding quality, nesting in 2 colonies on Ross Island, Antarctica, over 3 breeding seasons. During the study, δ15N and δ13C isotope values were lower in penguins breeding at Cape Crozier compared to those at Cape Bird, revealing a difference in prey proportions. Cape Bird penguins were estimated to consistently consume more energy-rich silverfishPleuragramma antarctica, while birds at Cape Crozier ate more crystal krillEuphausia crystallorophias. We also found inter-annual differences in diet, with a higher dietary fish proportion in both colonies during 2011. Males had significantly higher δ15N values, indicating a higher fish consumption than females. This sexual segregation in diet was particularly pronounced at Cape Bird, where the overall isotopic niche was wider than at Cape Crozier. Differences in diet among adults of varying ages only existed at Cape Bird, where middle-aged penguins consumed more fish than old and young penguins. This study provides evidence that Adélie penguin diet is largely driven by annual, seasonal and local abundances of prey, with only some individuals selectively foraging for more nutritional prey if prey choices are present.
Analysis of high school students’ problem solving in solving jumping task problems on arithmetic sequences and series
Authors: Hobri Hobri , Widyasari Ni Kadek , Murtikusuma Randi Pratama
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pemecahan masalah pada siswa SMA dalam menyelesaikan masalah jumping task pada materi barisan dan deret aritmetika. Pemecahan masalah jumping task merupakan gambaran deskripsi tentang bagaimana upaya siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah jumping task dengan menggunakan pengetahuan yang dimiliki sebelumnya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian sebanyak enam siswa dari kelas XI MIPA 5 SMAN 1 Jember. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes pemecahan masalah jumping task dan pedoman wawancara. Proses analisis jawaban siswa dalam memecahkan masalah jumping task pada materi barisan dan deret aritmetika berdasarkan tahapan Polya meliputi memahami masalah, membuat rencana, melaksanakan rencana, dan memeriksa kembali. Berdasarkan hasil analisis pemecahan masalah siswa yang dilakukan menggunakan masalah jumping task terlihat bahwa secara umum pada tahap memahami masalah seluruh subjek mampu memahami masalah dengan baik, pada tahap membuat rencana subjek merencanakan cara penyelesaian sudah benar walaupun terdapat beberapa langkah yang tidak ditulis namun langsung muncul dalam pelaksanaan rencana, pada tahap melaksanakan rencana subjek melaksanakan rencana dengan tepat dan berurutan sesuai dengan rencana yang telah dibuat, dan pada tahap memeriksa kembali cara subjek dalam memeriksa kembali jawaban adalah menggunakan data yang telah diperoleh pada tahap melaksanakan rencana kemudian menyamakan dengan data yang diketahui.
Cabin Layout Optimization for Vibration Hazard Reduction in Helicopter Emergency Medical Service
Authors: Tamer Aykut , Muscarello Vincenzo , Quaranta Giuseppe , Masarati Pierangelo
Published: May 2020

Helicopter Emergency and Medical Service (HEMS) vehicles require a specially configured cabin that supports the quick transport of a rescue team to the site of an emergency and return of patients back to a full capacity hospital, while sustaining the patients’ health using specifically designed, but otherwise state-of-the-art life-support equipment. The effectiveness and safety of the service may be challenged by the vibratory level, which could be improved by optimally positioning the affected subjects within the cabin. However, the bare dynamical response of the airframe can lead to erroneous evaluation of vibration performance, since pilots, crew, patients, and medical equipment dynamically interact with the helicopter through their interfaces with the structure. Therefore, layout optimization of a HEMS vehicle for low vibration requires the capability to efficiently analyze a large set of candidate coupled helicopter-interface-subject configurations, reaching a suitable trade-off between model detail and computational cost. This work presents an effective vibration rating of medical helicopters to support vibration hazard reduction by minimization of cabin interior accelerations. The tool is able to model high-fidelity rotorcraft aeroservoelasticity, easily connect formulations representing the dynamics of humans, equipment, and their interfaces, and calculate the vibration performance of the resulting coupled models. The approach is applied to a medium-weight helicopter to find its lowest vibration HEMS configuration. It is demonstrated that the optimal positioning of HEMS subjects can significantly reduce vibration hazard and improve operation safety, nearly as effectively as the application of vibration attenuation solutions with a fixed cabin layout.
Spatial Heterogeneity of Vegetation Structure, Plant N Pools and Soil N Content in Relation to Grassland Management
Authors: Bloor Juliette M. G. , Tardif Antoine , Pottier Julien
Published: May 2020

Spatial heterogeneity in plant and soil properties plays a key role for biogeochemical cycling, nutrient losses and ecosystem function. Different management practices are expected to induce varying levels of spatial heterogeneity in agroecosystems, but the effects of contrasting biomass removal regimes and herbivore species on grassland variability and spatial pattern have faced little attention. We carried out a spatially-explicit sampling campaign and geostatistical analyses to quantify the spatial heterogeneity of the biomass and N in plants and soil for three management treatments (mowing, cattle grazing and sheep grazing) within a long-term grassland experiment. All plant and soil properties showed within-site variation, irrespective of management treatment. Within-site variation in plant variables could be ranked as grazing > mowing. Cattle grazing increased variability in vegetation structure, soil mineral N and soil C:N compared with sheep grazing. In addition, the cattle-grazed field had a higher degree of spatial structure and a more coarse-grained pattern of spatial heterogeneity in plant properties than the sheep-grazed field. However, both grazing treatments showed spatial asynchrony in above- and below-ground responses to grazing. These results demonstrate the importance of herbivore species identity as a driver of grassland spatial heterogeneity, with implications for spatial uncoupling of nutrient cycles at the field scale.
Resource Utilization Efficiencies in a Closed System with Artificial Lighting during Continuous Lettuce Production
Authors: Ohyama Katsumi , Yamaguchi Junichi , Enjoji Ayumi
Published: May 2020

New plant production systems with a low environmental impact (or a high resource utilization efficiency) are necessary for urban agriculture development. This study explores the benefits of closed plant production systems (CPPSs) with artificial lighting using a commercial CPPS at Osaka Prefecture University. Lettuce plants were produced continuously as a model for analyzing resource consumption rates, such as electricity, labor, water, and CO2, over two years. Monthly consumption rates of electricity, labor, water, and CO2 increased with the increase in the monthly production rate of the lettuce. The utilization efficiencies (=output/input) of electricity, energy, water, and CO2 were 1.0%, 1.0%, 4.0%, and 32.6%, respectively. If the commercial CPPS maintains the monthly production rate at a higher level, the energy utilization efficiency will increase. The number of air exchanges in a commercial CPPS should decrease to increase water and CO2 utilization efficiencies. Reusing water drained from the air conditioning system and employing a closed loop in the nutrient supply system also contribute to increasing the water utilization efficiency and lowering the environmental impact. Although a commercial CPPS still requires further improvements, it may be a good crop production system for urban agriculture provided resource utilization efficiencies improve.
At-line Prediction of Gelatinized Starch and Fiber Fractions in Extruded Dry Dog Food Using Different Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Technologies
Authors: Goi Arianna , Manuelian Carmen L. , Righi Federico , De Marchi Massimo
Published: May 2020

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of visible/near-infrared reflectance (Vis-NIR) and near-infrared transmittance (NIT) spectroscopy to predict total and gelatinized starch and fiber fractions in extruded dry dog food. Reference laboratory analyses were performed on 81 samples, and the spectrum of each ground sample was obtained through Vis-NIR and NIT spectrometers. Prediction equations for each instrument were developed by modified partial least squares regressions and validated by cross- (CrV) and external validation (ExV) procedures. All studied traits were better predicted by Vis-NIR than NIT spectroscopy. With Vis-NIR, excellent prediction models were obtained for total starch (residual predictive deviation; RPDCrV = 6.33; RPDExV = 4.43), gelatinized starch (RPDCrV = 4.62; RPDExV = 4.36), neutral detergent fiber (NDF; RPDCrV = 3.93; RPDExV = 4.31), and acid detergent fiber (ADF; RPDCrV = 5.80; RPDExV = 5.67). With NIT, RPDCrV ranged from 1.75 (ADF) to 2.61 (acid detergent lignin, ADL) and RPDExV from 1.71 (ADL) to 2.16 (total starch). In conclusion, results of the present study demonstrated the feasibility of at-line Vis-NIR spectroscopy in predicting total and gelatinized starch, NDF, and ADF, with lower accuracy for ADL, whereas results do not support the applicability of NIT spectroscopy to predict those traits.
Dingo Density Estimates and Movements in Equatorial Australia: Spatially Explicit Mark–Resight Models
Authors: Gabriele-Rivet Vanessa , Arsenault Julie , Brookes Victoria J. , Fleming Peter J. S. , Nury Charlotte , Ward Michael P.
Published: May 2020

Australia is currently free of canine rabies. Spatio-ecological knowledge about dingoes in northern Australia is currently a gap that impedes the application of disease spread models and our understanding of the potential transmission of rabies, in the event of an incursion. We therefore conducted a one-year camera trap survey to monitor a dingo population in equatorial northern Australia. The population is contiguous with remote Indigenous communities containing free-roaming dogs, which potentially interact with dingoes. Based on the camera trap data, we derived dingo density and home range size estimates using maximum-likelihood, spatially explicit, mark–resight models, described dingo movements and evaluated spatial correlation and temporal overlap in activities between dingoes and community dogs. Dingo density estimates varied from 0.135 animals/km2 (95% CI = 0.127–0.144) during the dry season to 0.147 animals/km2 (95% CI = 0.135–0.159) during the wet season. The 95% bivariate Normal home range sizes were highly variable throughout the year (7.95–29.40 km2). Spatial use and daily activity patterns of dingoes and free-roaming community dogs, grouped over ~3 month periods, showed substantial temporal activity overlap and spatial correlation, highlighting the potential risk of disease transmission at the wild–domestic interface in an area of biosecurity risk in equatorial northern Australia. Our results have utility for improving preparedness against a potential rabies incursion.
Sound Analysis to Predict the Growth of Turkeys
Authors: Abdel-Kafy El-Sayed M. , Ibraheim Samya E. , Finzi Alberto , Youssef Sabbah F. , Behiry Fatma M. , Provolo Giorgio
Published: May 2020

Protocols for manual weighing of turkeys are not practical on turkey farms because of the large body sizes, heavy weights and flighty nature of turkeys. The sounds turkeys make may be a proxy for bird weights, but the relationship between turkey sounds and bird weights has not been studied. The aim of this study was to correlate peak frequency (PF) of vocalization with the age and weight of the bird and examine the possibility using PF to predict the weight of turkeys. The study consisted of four trials in Egypt. Sounds of birds and their weights were recorded for 11 days during the growth period in each trial. A total 2200 sounds were manually analyzed and labelled by extracting individual and general sounds on the basis of the amplitude and frequency of the sound signal. The PF of vocalizations in each trial, as well as in pooled trails, were evaluated to determine the relationship between PF and the age and weight of the turkey. PF exhibited a highly significant negative correlation with the weight and age of the turkeys showing that PF of vocalizations can be used for predicting the weight of turkeys. Further studies are necessary to refine the procedure.
Comparative Semen Microbiota Composition of a Stallion in a Taylorella equigenitalis Carrier and Non-Carrier State
Authors: Quiñones-Pérez Carlota , Martínez Amparo , Crespo Francisco , Vega-Pla José Luis
Published: May 2020

Contagious equine metritis is receiving renewed attention due to the continuous detection of carriers in apparent agent-free farms. Interactions of Taylorella with the seminal microflora may be the plausible cause behind these spontaneous changes of the carrier state. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to compare the differences in the seminal microbiome composition of one stallion in the contagious equine metritis carrier state and non-carrier state. Samples were cryopreserved after their extraction. Cell disruption was performed by high-speed homogenization in grinding media. Bacterial families were identified via V3 amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and Ion Torrent sequencing. Only bacterial families with relative abundance above 5% were taken into consideration. The positive sample contained a strong dominance of Corynebacteriaceae (37.75%) and Peptoniphilaceae (28.56%). In the negative sample, the Porphyromonadaceae (20.51%), Bacteroidaceae (19.25%) and Peptoniphilaceae (18.57%) families prevailed. In conclusion, the microbiome seminal composition varies when an individual carries Taylorella from when it is free of it. The wider differences were found in the Corynebacteriaceae, Porphyromonadaceae and Bacteroidaceae families. Due to the limitations of a single-case analysis, further studies are needed for a better understanding of the stallion seminal microflora interactions.
Effect of Corn Particle Size on the Particle Size of Intestinal Digesta or Feces and Nutrient Digestibility of Corn–Soybean Meal Diets for Growing Pigs
Authors: Gao Qingtao , Zhao Feng , Dang Fangkun , Zhang Hu , Wang Ya
Published: May 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of corn particle size on the particle size of intestinal digesta or feces and nutrient digestibility of corn–soybean meal diets. Twenty-four growing barrows (initial BW: 21.9 ± 1.62 kg) were randomly divided into 4 groups of 6 pigs. A T-cannula was surgically placed in the anterior duodenum (about 50 cm from pylorus) of pigs in Groups 1 and 2 or in the distal ileum of pigs in Groups 3 and 4. Corn used to formulate diets had mean particle size (MPS) of 365 µm (Corn 1) or 682 µm (Corn 2), resulting in diets with MPS of 390 µm (Diet 1) or 511 μm (Diet 2). Diet 1 or 2 were randomly assigned within pig Groups 1 or 2 and 3 or 4. The digestive enzyme activities of duodenal fluid, particle size of intestinal digesta and feces, as well as nutrient digestibility, were determined for each pig as the experiment unit. The MPS of duodenal digesta (181 vs. 287 µm, p < 0.01), ileal digesta (253 vs. 331 µm, p < 0.01), and feces (195 vs. 293 µm, p < 0.01) was significantly reduced for pigs fed Diet 1 vs. Diet 2, respectively. Compared with Diet 2, Diet 1 significantly reduced the proportion of particles above 0.5 mm, but significantly increased the proportion of particles between 0.072 and 0.5 mm (p < 0.01) in digesta and feces (p < 0.01). Diet 1 significantly increased solubles percentage (<0.072 mm) in duodenal digesta (p < 0.05) but did not affect solubles percentage in ileal digesta and feces. The MPS of diet did not affect the activities of amylase, trypsin, and chymotrypsin in the duodenal fluid and the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in pigs offered Diet 1 compared to Diet 2. The in vitro digestible energy (IVDE) (3706 vs. 3641 kcal/kg; p = 0.03) was greater for Corn 1 vs. Corn 2. However, no significant difference was observed in IVDE (3574 vs. 3561 kcal/kg; p = 0.47) for Diet 1 vs. Diet 2. In conclusion, the particle size of digesta and feces was dependent on the dietary particle size. However, the digestive enzyme activities of duodenal fluid and ATTD of energy and nutrients were not affected by reducing dietary MPS from 511 to 390 µm.
Multi-Model Ensemble Sub-Seasonal Forecasting of Precipitation over the Maritime Continent in Boreal Summer
Authors: Wang Yan , Ren Hong-Li , Zhou Fang , Fu Joshua-Xiouhua , Chen Quan-Liang , Wu Jie , Jie Wei-Hua , Zhang Pei-Qun
Published: May 2020

The Maritime Continent (MC) is a critical region with unique geographical conditions and significant monsoon activities that plays a vital role in global climate variation. In this study, the weekly prediction of precipitation over the MC during boreal summer (from May to September) was analyzed using the 12-year reforecasts data from five Sub-seasonal to Seasonal (S2S) models, including the China Meteorological Administration (CMA), the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC), the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and the Met Office (UKMO). The result shows that, compared with the individual models, our newly derived median multi-model ensemble (MME) can significantly improve the prediction skill of sub-seasonal precipitation in the MC. Both the Temporal Correlation Coefficient (TCC) skill and the Pattern Correlation Coefficient (PCC) skill reached 0.6 in lead week 1, dropped the following week, did not exceed 0.2 in lead week 3, and then lost their significance. The results show higher prediction skill near the Equator than in the north at 10° N. It is difficult to make effective predictions with the models beyond three weeks. The prediction ability of the median MME improves significantly as the total number of model members increases. The prediction performance of the median MME depends not only on the diversity of models but also on the number of model members. Moreover, the prediction skill is particularly sensitive to the intensity and phase of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation 1 (BSISO1) with the highest skills appearing at initial phases 1 and 5.
Quantifying the Public Health Benefits of Reducing Air Pollution: Critically Assessing the Features and Capabilities of WHO’s AirQ+ and U.S. EPA’s Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program—Community Edition (BenMAP—CE)
Authors: Sacks Jason , Fann Neal , Gumy Sophie , Kim Ingu , Ruggeri Giulia , Mudu Pierpaolo
Published: May 2020

Scientific evidence spanning experimental and epidemiologic studies has shown that air pollution exposures can lead to a range of health effects. Quantitative approaches that allow for the estimation of the adverse health impacts attributed to air pollution enable researchers and policy analysts to convey the public health impact of poor air quality. Multiple tools are currently available to conduct such analyses, which includes software packages designed by the World Health Organization (WHO): AirQ+, and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA): Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program—Community Edition (BenMAP—CE), to quantify the number and economic value of air pollution-attributable premature deaths and illnesses. WHO’s AirQ+ and U.S. EPA’s BenMAP—CE are among the most popular tools to quantify these effects as reflected by the hundreds of peer-reviewed publications and technical reports over the past two decades that have employed these tools spanning many countries and multiple continents. Within this paper we conduct an analysis using common input parameters to compare AirQ+ and BenMAP—CE and show that the two software packages well align in the calculation of health impacts. Additionally, we detail the research questions best addressed by each tool.
Branching Ratio and CP Violation in

B

s

0

¯

→ ϕϕ Decay in the Framework of QCD Factorization
Authors: Raslan E. H. , Khan H. R.
Published: May 2020

We present an analytic calculation of Branching Ratio (BR) and Charge-Parity (CP) violating asymmetries of the B s 0 ¯ meson decay into the two light vectors ϕ ϕ . In doing this we calculate the helicity amplitude of the present decay in the framework of QCD factorization approach. We find the BR of B s 0 ¯ → ϕ ϕ = ( 1.56 ± 0.23 ) × 10 − 5 . We also calculate the direct CP violation, CP violation in mixing and CP violation due to interference which are A C P dir = 0.00355 ± 0.00152 , A C P mix = − 0.00629 ± 0.03119 and A C P Δ Γ = 0.99997 ± 0.00019 , respectively. Our results are in agreement with the recent theoretical predictions and experimental measurements.
Recent Trends in the Analysis of Chemical Contaminants in Beverages
Authors: Pelegrín Carlos Javier , Flores Yaiza , Jiménez Alfonso , Garrigós María Carmen
Published: May 2020

Chemical contaminants should not be present in beverages for human consumption, but could eventually be ingested by consumers as they may appear naturally from the environment or be produced by anthropogenic sources. These contaminants could belong to many different chemical sources, including heavy metals, amines, bisphenols, phthalates, pesticides, perfluorinated compounds, inks, ethyl carbamate, and others. It is well known that these hazardous chemicals in beverages can represent a severe threat by the potential risk of generating diseases to humans if no strict quality control is applied during beverages processing. This review compiles the most updated knowledge of the presence of potential contaminants in various types of beverages (both alcoholic and non-alcoholic), as well as in their containers, to prevent undesired migration. Special attention is given to the extraction and pre-concentration techniques applied to these samples, as well as to the analytical techniques necessary for the determination of chemicals with a potential contaminant effect. Finally, an overview of the current legislation is carried out, as well as future trends of research in this field.
Conserved Expression of Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 Contribute to the Spontaneous and Thermally Evoked Excitability in IL-6 and NGF-Sensitized Adult Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons In Vitro
Authors: Atmaramani Rahul R. , Black Bryan J. , de la Peña June Bryan , Campbell Zachary T. , Pancrazio Joseph J.
Published: May 2020

Sensory neurons respond to noxious stimuli by relaying information from the periphery to the central nervous system via action potentials driven by voltage-gated sodium channels, specifically Nav1.7 and Nav1.8. These channels play a key role in the manifestation of inflammatory pain. The ability to screen compounds that modulate voltage-gated sodium channels using cell-based assays assumes that key channels present in vivo is maintained in vitro. Prior electrophysiological work in vitro utilized acutely dissociated tissues, however, maintaining this preparation for long periods is difficult. A potential alternative involves multi-electrode arrays which permit long-term measurements of neural spike activity and are well suited for assessing persistent sensitization consistent with chronic pain. Here, we demonstrate that the addition of two inflammatory mediators associated with chronic inflammatory pain, nerve growth factor (NGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), to adult DRG neurons increases their firing rates on multi-electrode arrays in vitro. Nav1.7 and Nav1.8 proteins are readily detected in cultured neurons and contribute to evoked activity. The blockade of both Nav1.7 and Nav1.8, has a profound impact on thermally evoked firing after treatment with IL-6 and NGF. This work underscores the utility of multi-electrode arrays for pharmacological studies of sensory neurons and may facilitate the discovery and mechanistic analyses of anti-nociceptive compounds.
Recent Progress on the Electrochemical Biosensing of Escherichia coli O157:H7: Material and Methods Overview
Authors: Razmi Nasrin , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Willander Magnus , Nur Omer
Published: May 2020

Escherichia coli O157:H7 (E. coli O157:H7) is a pathogenic strain of Escherichia coli which has issued as a public health threat because of fatal contamination of food and water. Therefore, accurate detection of pathogenic E. coli is important in environmental and food quality monitoring. In spite of their advantages and high acceptance, culture-based methods, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), flow cytometry, ATP bioluminescence, and solid-phase cytometry have various drawbacks, including being time-consuming, requiring trained technicians and/or specific equipment, and producing biological waste. Therefore, there is necessity for affordable, rapid, and simple approaches. Electrochemical biosensors have shown great promise for rapid food- and water-borne pathogen detection. Over the last decade, various attempts have been made to develop techniques for the rapid quantification of E. coli O157:H7. This review covers the importance of E. coli O157:H7 and recent progress (from 2015 to 2020) in the development of the sensitivity and selectivity of electrochemical sensors developed for E. coli O157:H7 using different nanomaterials, labels, and electrochemical transducers.
Optimising Cognitive Enhancement: Systematic Assessment of the Effects of tDCS Duration in Older Adults
Authors: Hanley Claire J. , Alderman Sophie L. , Clemence Elinor
Published: May 2020

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been shown to support cognition and brain function in older adults. However, there is an absence of research specifically designed to determine optimal stimulation protocols, and much of what is known about subtle distinctions in tDCS parameters is based on young adult data. As the first systematic exploration targeting older adults, this study aimed to provide insight into the effects of variations in stimulation duration. Anodal stimulation of 10 and 20 min, as well as a sham-control variant, was administered to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Stimulation effects were assessed in relation to a novel attentional control task. Ten minutes of anodal stimulation significantly improved task-switching speed from baseline, contrary to the sham-control and 20 min variants. The findings represent a crucial step forwards for methods development, and the refinement of stimulation to enhance executive function in the ageing population.
Auditory and Visual Response Inhibition in Children with Bilateral Hearing Aids and Children with ADHD
Authors: Bell Laura , Scharke Wolfgang , Reindl Vanessa , Fels Janina , Neuschaefer-Rube Christiane , Konrad Kerstin
Published: May 2020

Children fitted with hearing aids (HAs) and children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often have marked difficulties concentrating in noisy environments. However, little is known about the underlying neural mechanism of auditory and visual attention deficits in a direct comparison of both groups. The current functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) study was the first to investigate the behavioral performance and neural activation during an auditory and a visual go/nogo paradigm in children fitted with bilateral HAs, children with ADHD and typically developing children (TDC). All children reacted faster, but less accurately, to visual than auditory stimuli, indicating a sensory-specific response inhibition efficiency. Independent of modality, children with ADHD and children with HAs reacted faster and tended to show more false alarms than TDC. On a neural level, however, children with ADHD showed supra-modal neural alterations, particularly in frontal regions. On the contrary, children with HAs exhibited modality-dependent alterations in the right temporopolar cortex. Higher activation was observed in the auditory than in the visual condition. Thus, while children with ADHD and children with HAs showed similar behavioral alterations, different neural mechanisms might underlie these behavioral changes. Future studies are warranted to confirm the current findings with larger samples. To this end, fNIRS provided a promising tool to differentiate the neural mechanisms underlying response inhibition deficits between groups and modalities.
Disentangling Restrictive and Repetitive Behaviors and Social Impairments in Children and Adolescents with Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome and Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Gulisano Mariangela , Barone Rita , Alaimo Salvatore , Ferro Alfredo , Pulvirenti Alfredo , Cirnigliaro Lara , Di Silvestre Selena , Martellino Serena , Maugeri Nicoletta , Milana Maria Chiara , Scerbo Miriam , Rizzo Renata
Published: May 2020

Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are two neurodevelopmental disorders with male predominance, frequently comorbid, that share clinical and behavioral features. The incidence of ASD in patients affected by GTS was reported to be between 2.9% and 22.8%. We hypothesized that higher ASD rates among children affected by GTS previously reported may be due to difficulty in discriminating GTS sub-phenotypes from ASD, and the higher scores in the restrictive and repetitive behaviors in particular may represent at least a “false comorbidity”. We studied a large population of 720 children and adolescents affected by GTS (n = 400) and ASD (n = 320), recruited from a single center. Patients were all assessed with The Yale Global Tic Severity Rating Scale (YGTSS), The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), The Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised (ADI-R), The Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), and The Children’s Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale for autism spectrum disorder (CY-BOCS ASD). Our results showed statistically significant differences in ADOS scores for social aspects between GTS with comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) sub-phenotypes and ASD. No differences were present when we compared GTS with comorbid ASD sub-phenotype to ASD, while repetitive and restrictive behavior scores in ASD did not present statistical differences in the comparison with GTS and comorbid OCD and ASD sub-phenotypes. We also showed that CY-BOCS ASD could be a useful instrument to correctly identify OCD from ASD symptoms.
The Good, the Bad, the Question–H19 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Tietze Lysann , Kessler Sonja M.
Published: May 2020

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the most common primary liver cancer, is challenging to treat due to its typical late diagnosis, mostly at an advanced stage. Therefore, there is a particular need for research in diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC. The use of long noncoding (lnc) RNAs can widen the list of novel molecular targets improving cancer therapy. In hepatocarcinogenesis, the role of the lncRNA H19, which has been known for more than 30 years now, is still controversially discussed. H19 was described to work either as a tumor suppressor in vitro and in vivo, or to have oncogenic features. This review attempts to survey the conflicting study results and tries to elucidate the potential reasons for the contrary findings, i.e., different methods, models, or readout parameters. This review encompasses in vitro and in vivo models as well as studies on human patient samples. Although the function of H19 in HCC remains elusive, a short outlook summarizes some ideas of using the H19 locus as a novel target for liver cancer therapy.
Metabolic Plasticity in Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Ghoneum Alia , Gonzalez Daniela , Abdulfattah Ammar Yasser , Said Neveen
Published: May 2020

Ovarian Cancer is the fifth most common cancer in females and remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy as most patients are diagnosed at late stages of the disease. Despite initial responses to therapy, recurrence of chemo-resistant disease is common. The presence of residual cancer stem cells (CSCs) with the unique ability to adapt to several metabolic and signaling pathways represents a major challenge in developing novel targeted therapies. The objective of this study is to investigate the transcripts of putative ovarian cancer stem cell (OCSC) markers in correlation with transcripts of receptors, transporters, and enzymes of the energy generating metabolic pathways involved in high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). We conducted correlative analysis in data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), studies of experimental OCSCs and their parental lines from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE). We found positive correlations between the transcripts of OCSC markers, specifically CD44, and glycolytic markers. TCGA datasets revealed that NOTCH1, CD133, CD44, CD24, and ALDH1A1, positively and significantly correlated with tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) enzymes. OVCAR3-OCSCs (cancer stem cells derived from a well-established epithelial ovarian cancer cell line) exhibited enrichment of the electron transport chain (ETC) mainly in complexes I, III, IV, and V, further supporting reliance on the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) phenotype. OVCAR3-OCSCs also exhibited significant increase in CD36, ACACA, SCD, and CPT1A, with CD44, CD133, and ALDH1A1 exhibiting positive correlations with lipid metabolic enzymes. TCGA data show positive correlations between OCSC markers and glutamine metabolism enzymes, whereas in OCSC experimental models of GSE64999, GSE28799, and CCLE, the number of positive and negative correlations observed was significantly lower and was different between model systems. Appropriate integration and validation of data model systems with those in patients’ specimens is needed not only to bridge our knowledge gap of metabolic programing of OCSCs, but also in designing novel strategies to target the metabolic plasticity of dormant, resistant, and CSCs.