bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Merging and imputation of flow cytometry data: A critical assessment
Authors: Mocking T. R. , Duetz C. , van Kuijk B. J. , Westers T. M. , Cloos J. , Bachas C.
Published: June 2023

Although most modern techniques and analysis methods in multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) allow for increased dimensionality for the characterization and quantification of cell populations, most MFC applications depend on flow cytometers measuring relatively small (<16) numbers of parameters. When more markers than the available parameters need to be acquired, these are commonly distributed over multiple independent measurements that include a backbone of common markers. Several methods have been proposed to impute values for combinations of markers that were not measured simultaneously. These imputation methods are frequently used without proper validation and knowledge of their effects on data analysis. We evaluated the performance of existing imputation software (Infinicyt, CyTOFmerge, CytoBackBone, and cyCombine) in approximating known measured expression data in terms of similarity in visual appearance, cell expression, and gating in different datasets by splitting MFC samples into separate measurements with partially overlapping markers and re‐calculating missing marker expression. Out of the assessed packages, CyTOFmerge showed the most accurate approximation of the known expression in terms of similar expression values and concordance with manual gating, with a mean F‐score between 0.53 and 0.87 when retrieving cell populations in different datasets. Performance remained inadequate for all methods, with only limited similarity at the cell level. In conclusion, the use of imputed MFC data should take such limitations into account and include independent validation of results to justify conclusions.
E‐shaped patch with reactive impedance surface for high gain and broadband circularly polarized antenna
Authors: Srinivas Guthi , D Srikar
Published: June 2023

A low‐profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna with high gain and broad bandwidth is aimed at 5‐GHz Wi‐Fi applications using a symmetrical E‐shaped patch. Initially, the radiating element is modeled as a symmetrical E‐shape. An array of 4 × 4 rectangular patches are arranged periodically to make up a reactive impedance surface (RIS) structure. Furthermore, the RIS structure is deployed in the middle of a symmetrical E‐shaped radiating patch and a perfect electric conductor (PEC) ground plane. As a result, the broadband CP is achieved with high gain. The above‐mentioned combinations have achieved a −10‐dB reflection coefficient bandwidth of 21.4% (4.92–6.1 GHz) and a 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 15.5% (5.25–6.1 GHz), and the antenna has attained a gain of 7.45–7.53 dBic.
Control efforts of crown‐of‐thorns starfish outbreaks to limit future coral decline across the Great Barrier Reef
Authors: Castro‐Sanguino Carolina , Bozec Yves‐Marie , Condie Scott A. , Fletcher Cameron S. , Hock Karlo , Roelfsema Chris , Westcott David A. , Mumby Peter J.
Published: June 2023

Crown‐of‐thorns starfish (CoTS) naturally occur on coral reefs throughout the Indo‐Pacific region. On Australia's Great Barrier Reef (GBR), outbreaks of CoTS populations are responsible for ecologically significant losses of corals, and while they have been documented for decades, they now undermine coral recovery from multiple stressors, especially anthropogenic warming. Culling interventions are currently the best approach to control CoTS outbreaks on the GBR, but assessing control effectiveness under multiple stressors is complicated. Using an ensemble of two reef community models simulating the temporal and spatial dynamics of CoTS and corals under future climate scenarios, we evaluate the present‐day and future effectiveness of the current implementation of the GBR CoTS Control Program. Specifically, we determine the culling effort needed (i.e., number of vessels) to achieve the maximum ecological benefits as predicted by the models under possible warming futures. Benefits were measured by comparing projections of coral cover and CoTS densities under scenarios of increasing control effort and baseline scenarios where no control was simulated. Projections of present‐day control efforts (five vessels) show that the number of individual reefs subject to CoTS outbreaks is reduced by 50%–65% annually, yielding a benefit of 5%–7% of healthy GBR coral area per decade, equivalent to gaining 104–150 km2 of live corals by 2035. A threefold increase in current control efforts is sufficient to reach more than 80% of the maximum coral benefits predicted by each model, but the future amount of effort required to control CoTS effectively depends on the intensity of warming and the early detection of CoTS outbreaks. While culling CoTS across the entire GBR is unfeasible, we provide a framework for maximizing ecosystem‐wide benefits of CoTS control and guide management decisions on the required culling effort needed to reduce CoTS outbreaks to levels that may ensure coral persistence in the face of future climate change impacts.
Disordered Structure and Reversible Phase Transformation from K‐Birnessite to Zn‐Buserite Enable High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Naresh Nibagani , Eom Suyoon , Lee Sang Jun , Jeong Su Hwan , Jung Ji‐Won , Jung Young Hwa , Kim Joo‐Hyung
Published: June 2023

The layered δ‐MnO2 (dMO) is an excellent cathode material for rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries owing to its large interlayer distance (~0.7 nm), high capacity, and low cost; however, such cathodes suffer from structural degradation during the long‐term cycling process, leading to capacity fading. In this study, a Co‐doped dMO composite with reduced graphene oxide (GC‐dMO) is developed using a simple cost‐effective hydrothermal method. The degree of disorderness increases owing to the hetero‐atom doping and graphene oxide composites. It is demonstrated that layered dMO and GC‐dMO undergo a structural transition from K‐birnessite to the Zn‐buserite phase upon the first discharge, which enhances the intercalation of Zn2+ ions, H2O molecules in the layered structure. The GC‐dMO cathode exhibits an excellent capacity of 302 mAh g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 after 100 cycles as compared with the dMO cathode (159 mAh g−1). The excellent electrochemical performance of the GC‐dMO cathode owing to Co‐doping and graphene oxide sheets enhances the interlayer gap and disorderness, and maintains structural stability, which facilitates the easy reverse intercalation and de‐intercalation of Zn2+ ions and H2O molecules. Therefore, GC‐dMO is a promising cathode material for large‐scale aqueous ZIBs.
Activation of N−O σ Bonds with Transition Metals: A Versatile Platform for Organic Synthesis and C−N Bonds Formation**
Authors: Todorović Uroš , Martin Romero R. , Anthore‐Dalion Lucile
Published: June 2023

N−O σ bonds containing compounds are versatile substrates for organic synthesis under transition metal catalysis. Their ability to react through both polar (oxidative addition, formation of metallanitrene, nucleophilic substitution) and radical pathways (single electron transfer, homolytic bond scission) have triggered the development of various synthetic methodologies, particularly toward synthesizing nitrogen‐containing compounds. In this review, we discuss the different modes of activation of N−O bonds in the presence of transition metal catalysts, emphasizing the experimental and computational mechanistic proofs in the literature to help to design new synthetic pathways toward the synthesis of C−N bonds.
Modular Synthesis of Phosphite and Phosphoramidite Ligands for Rh‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation
Authors: Li Changjiang , Li Zhaozhou , Tan Kunpeng , Liu Guodu
Published: June 2023

Rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins is an important method for synthesizing aldehydes, and it is worth noting that regioselectivity and enantioselectivity of the product controlled by ligand are the most commonly used strategies. The modular synthesis of phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands have significant advantages of simple synthesis and high catalytic activity, which was why these ligands have been widely used in hydroformylation reactions. Herein, we focus on the synthesis methods and design ideas of such ligands, as well as their application effects in hydroformylation reactions. This review aims to provide a reference for the design and synthesis of ligands in hydroformylation subsequently.
Electrochemical sensing of target cells based on a peptide/single‐strand DNA probe
Authors: Sugawara Kazuharu , Takeda Kenta , Kuramitz Hideki
Published: June 2023

To electrochemically measure human myeloid leukemia cells (K562 cells), we constructed a probe consisting of peptide/single‐strand (ss) DNA. Ac‐H6Y4C with an acetylated N‐terminal of peptide was used to enhance the probe to allow electrode responses that could detect target cells. A ss‐DNA was selected as the target cell recognition moiety. The probe exhibits properties that combine the functionalities of both DNA and peptides. The measurement principle is based on changes in the peak currents of the peptide moieties that are caused by interactions between the ss‐DNA and target cells. The peak currents were proportional to the concentration of K 562 cells that ranged from 10 to 2,000 cells/mL with a LOD of 3 cells/mL.
Carbon black supported manganese phthalocyanine: Efficient electrocatalyst for nitrogen reduction to ammonia
Authors: Adalder Ashadul , Waghela Santosh R. , Shelukar Sachin A. , Mukherjee Nilmadhab , Das Swati , Ghorai Uttam Kumar
Published: June 2023

Ammonia (NH3) is regarded as a renewable energy source as well as an important molecule for agricultural applications. The energy‐intensive Haber‐Bosch method produces large amounts of CO2 gas during ammonia production. As an alternative, there has recently been much interest in the electrocatalytic production of NH3 via the electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR) process utilizing renewable energy under ambient condition. Herein, we report a conducting carbon–supported manganese phthalocyanine electrocatalyst as an efficient electrocatalyst for ENRR applications. The MnPc electrocatalyst exhibited the activity with an ammonia production rate of 61.8 μg h−1mg−1cat with Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 31.3% @–0.4 V vs. RHE, respectively, under ambient condition in 0.1 M HCl solution whereas MnPc/C electrocatalyst exhibited an enhanced the productivity with an ammonia yield rate of 127.7 μg h−1mg−1cat with FE of 35.3% @–0.4 V vs. RHE, respectively. The reliability of N origin in ammonia formation is demonstrated by 1H‐NMR experiments and multiple control analysis. These results open the way for the further study of carbon‐supported transition‐metal phthalocyanine compounds for electrochemical nitrogen fixation to NH3.
A descriptive analysis of scoring patterns on clinically relevant questionnaires in 26 adults with diagnosed muscle dysmorphia
Authors: Martenstyn Jordan A. , Maguire Sarah , Griffiths Scott
Published: June 2023

Objective

Few studies have recruited adults with a formal diagnosis of muscle dysmorphia (MD), a psychological illness defined by preoccupation that one lacks muscularity and/or leanness, combined with significant functional impairment. This study presented descriptive statistics for a range of clinically relevant questionnaires in one of the largest samples of adults with confirmed diagnoses of MD.

Method

We recruited 29 adults who met diagnostic criteria for MD as determined by semi‐structured diagnostic interviews and administered a battery of questionnaires assessing MD symptomology, compulsive exercise, and disordered eating. Descriptive statistics were calculated for both total and subscale scores for each questionnaire. Raincloud plots are included to show the distribution of total scores.

Results

Of the 29 participants, 26 completed all questionnaires. Mean scores were high across all questionnaires and broadly consistent with results in past studies that also recruited a clinical MD sample. Most participants scored above proposed clinical cut‐off scores for questionnaires assessing compulsive exercise and disordered eating.

Conclusions

This study adds to the small body of published questionnaire data in clinical MD samples. We stress that questionnaire scores should not be used alone to infer the presence of MD, but could be considered as a useful adjunct to a comprehensive clinical interview.
Effect of dietary administration of Chinese torreya nut on reproductive function in ICR female mice and its possible mechanism of action
Authors: Yang Shuyuan , Huang Minjie , Dong Jie , Song Lili , Wang Deqian
Published: June 2023

Chinese torreya nut (Torreya grandis cv. Merrillii) is a unique edible nut that grows in China, which is known for its ability to reduce blood lipids, prevent blood sclerosis, and coronary heart disease. However, its effect on reproduction is not well understood. In this study, the comprehensive effects of Chinese torreya nut on the sex hormones and endometrium in female mice and their uterine expression profiles were investigated. Here, feeding of mice with Chinese torreya nut resulted in a decrease in uterine coefficients and serum progesterone levels, thickening of the endometrium, and an increase in estrogen levels. The enrichment analyses indicated that the differentially expressed genes between the Chinese torreya nut addition and control mice were enriched in NOD‐like receptor signaling pathway, complement and coagulation cascades and p53 pathway. Quantitative real time PCR and western blot results showed that there were significant differences in the transcripts and protein expression of estrogen receptor alpha and progestogen receptor associated with G protein coupled estrogen receptor. These findings suggest that Chinese torreya nut may have a potentially beneficial effect on coordinating uterine contractions in mice, rendering it a promising functional food.
Circadian aspects of mobility‐related behavior in patients with dementia: An exploratory analysis in acute geriatric psychiatry
Authors: Trumpf Rieke , Haussermann Peter , Zijlstra Wiebren , Fleiner Tim
Published: June 2023

Background

Analyzing patients' mobility‐related behavior may improve the assessment of motor behavior in dementia, however, few studies addressed circadian aspects of mobility. This cross‐sectional explorative study analyzed the timing of peak mobility‐related behavior, the prevalence of mobility‐related sundowning and nocturnal mobility‐related behavior and associated clinical characteristics in acute geriatric psychiatry.

Methods

Mobility‐related behavior of 73 patients (M: 81 years) was measured over 48 h using lower‐back worn hybrid motion sensors. We derived the start of the 30‐min period with peak gait activity (highest number of steps) for each day and the number of nocturnal steps taken from 10PM to 7AM. Professional caregiver ratings of the patients' motor behavior were conducted within the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI).

Results

The mean start time of peak gait activity was 2:37PM, but large variations in timing were found (range: 3:25AM–9:30PM). Twenty‐five patients (34%) were identified as “sundowners”. Nocturnal mobility‐related behavior was measured in 35 patients (53%), whereas professional caregivers assessed night‐time disorders in only 19 patients (26%). Clinical characteristics of “sundowners” were not significantly different from other patients, except for lower doses of antipsychotics as compared to non‐sundowners (M:1.6 mg/day; p = 0.015). The number of nocturnal steps was significantly associated to corresponding NPI ratings (Spearman's rho = 0.4; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Analyzing the timing of peak gait activity and nocturnal step‐count seem to provide clinical applicable information on the circadian aspects of mobility‐related behavior in acute geriatric psychiatry. Even though the clinical validity needs to be evaluated, objective information on the individual circadian aspects of mobility‐related behavior could help to personalize treatment with benefits for patients and caregivers.
Impacts of a beaver dam analogue complex on streambed vertical hydraulic gradients in a 1.2‐km stream reach in Wyoming, USA
Authors: Cero Amyel Dale L. , Kelleher Christa A. , Shaw Stephen B.
Published: June 2023

Beaver dam analogues (BDAs) have seen growing use as restoration structures across the western United States. This study investigates the patterns in streambed upwelling and downwelling along a 1.2‐km stream reach in Red Canyon Creek (RCC), Wyoming before and after the installation of 31 new BDAs and the upgrade of four existing BDAs in July 2021. Over 100 mini‐piezometers were used to measure upwelling and downwelling in low‐flow, summer periods as quantified by vertical hydraulic gradient (VHG). Both before and after BDA installation, the stream reach was dominated by downwelling patterns, suggesting that RCC was a net losing stream during this summer period, with and without BDAs. While there were spatial variations in VHG before BDA installation, this variation was not dependent on stream depth, water surface concavity, sediment characteristics, and position relative to meanders, suggesting that unobservable subsurface properties may be a control on VHG or that there are attributes that were not captured due to the 10‐m spacing of mini‐piezometers. After BDA installation, VHGs were primarily related to the magnitude of the elevation gradient across the BDA. VHGs were highest near the BDAs and diminished once moving more than a few metres from the BDAs. When VHGs were averaged over the full reach length, BDAs appeared to slightly enhance net stream loss, albeit we could not control for possible seasonal differences in water table gradient during the observtion period.
Study of groundwater recharge using combined unsaturated‐and saturated‐zone chloride mass balance methods
Authors: Jiang Sanyuan , Rao Wenbo , Han Liangfeng , Meredith Karina T.
Published: June 2023

Understanding groundwater recharge mechanisms is essential for reliable groundwater recharge estimation for sustainable groundwater resource assessment and management, especially in arid and semiarid areas. In this study, chloride, together with stable isotopes (18O and2H), in 1‐year rainfall, soil water from representative profiles, and groundwater samples, collected in the Ordos Plateau, northern China were analysed. Groundwater recharge was estimated using unsaturated‐ and saturated‐zone chloride mass balance (CMB). An equation that describes the relationship between chloride concentrations in saturated zone water (Csz) and soil water residence time (τ) was derived. With the help of the relationship, chloride concentrations in unsaturated zone water (Cuz) and in groundwater (Csz) can be used to uncover water flow and chloride transport in the unsaturated zone. The relationship betweenCszandCuzindicates that, the groundwater was recharged mainly by intense rainfall events. Small rainfall events did not lead to groundwater recharge but contributed to the flux of chloride to soil surface. Stable isotopic compositions of18O and2H provided corroborative evidence of the recharge processes. The relationship betweenCszandτindicates further that there is no source of chloride in the groundwater other than that from precipitation. Thus,Cszcan give more reliable recharge estimates.Cuzwas influenced by heavy rainfall‐induced runoff, run‐on and bypass flow events and cannot give reliable recharge estimates. However, if used jointly withCsz,Cuzcan help to gain insights into recharge processes and yield groundwater recharge estimates with higher certainty. The outcomes of this study can assist for groundwater recharge investigation and assessment in regions where the assumptions and boundary conditions necessary for the correct application of the CMB method may not be met.
External validation of genetically predicted protein biomarkers for pancreatic cancer risk using aptamer‐based plasma levels: A prospective analysis in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
Authors: Liu Tanxin , Joshu Corinne E. , Lu Jiayun , Prizment Anna , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Coresh Josef , Wu Lang , Platz Elizabeth A.
Published: June 2023

Genetically predicted proteins have been associated with pancreatic cancer risk previously. We aimed to externally validate the associations of 53 candidate proteins with pancreatic cancer risk using directly measured, prediagnostic levels. We conducted a prospective cohort study of 10 355 US Black and White men and women in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Aptamer‐based plasma proteomic profiling was previously performed using blood collected in 1993 to 1995, from which the proteins were selected. By 2015 (median: 20 years), 93 incident pancreatic cancer cases were ascertained. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for protein tertiles, and adjust for age, race, and known risk factors. Of the 53 proteins, three were statistically significantly, positively associated with risk—GLCE (tertile 3 vs 1: HR = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.12‐3.13; P‐trend = 0.01), GOLM1 (aptamer 1: HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.16‐3.37; P‐trend = 0.01; aptamer 2: HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.07‐3.24; P‐trend = 0.05), and QSOX2 (HR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.09‐3.58; P‐trend = 0.05); two were inversely associated—F177A (HR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35‐1.00; P‐trend = 0.05) and LIFsR (HR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32‐0.93; P‐trend = 0.03); and one showed a statistically significant lower risk in the middle tertile—endoglin (HR = 0.50, 95% CI: 0.29‐0.86); by chance, we expected significant associations for 2.65 proteins. FAM3D, IP10, sTie‐1 (positive); SEM6A and JAG1 (inverse) were suggestively associated with risk. Of these 11, 10 proteins—endoglin, FAM3D, F177A, GLCE, GOLM1, JAG1, LIFsR, QSOX2, SEM6A and sTie‐1—were consistent in direction of association with the discovery studies. This prospective study validated or supports 10 proteins as associated with pancreatic cancer risk.
The EnPlace® sacrospinous ligament fixation—A novel minimally invasive transvaginal procedure for apical pelvic organ prolapse repair: Safety and short‐term outcome results
Authors: Gold Ronen S. , Baruch Yoav , Neuman Menahem , Sumerov Natalia , Groutz Asnat
Published: June 2023

Objective

The EnPlace® device is a novel minimally invasive tool allowing transvaginal sacrospinous ligament (SSL) fixation of apical pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The study aimed to investigate the safety and short–term efficacy of the EnPlace® SSL fixation for significant apical POP repair.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of 123 consecutive patients (mean age 64.4 ± 11.1 years) with stage III or IV apical POP who underwent SSL fixation by the EnPlace® device. Safety and 6‐month outcome results were analyzed and compared between 91 (74%) patients with uterine prolapse versus 32 (26%) patients with vaginal vault prolapse.

Results

There were no intraoperative or early postoperative complications. The mean (± standard deviation) duration of surgery was 30 ± 6.9 min and mean blood loss was 30.5 ± 18.5 mL. The average position of point C by POP‐Quantification measurements before surgery and at 6 months postoperatively was 4.5 ± 2.8 cm and −3.1 ± 3.3 cm, respectively. Of 91 patients with preoperative uterine prolapse, eight (8.8%) patients developed a recurrent uterine prolapse within 6 months postoperatively. Of 32 patients with preoperative vault prolapse, two patients (6.3%) had recurrent vault prolapse.

Conclusion

Short‐term outcome results of EnPlace® SSL fixation suggest that it is a safe and effective minimally invasive transvaginal procedure for significant apical POP repair.
Subjective socioeconomic status and agreement that health is determined by distal and proximal factors
Authors: Bridger Emma K.
Published: June 2023

This report examines whether a person's subjective view of their rank relative to others in society—subjective socioeconomic status (SES)—is systematically related to views on distal and proximal determinants of ill‐health. This was tested using cross‐sectional data from 28,718 respondents from 27 countries who took part in the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) in 2011. Adjusting for age and gender as well as income and education, mixed logistic regression models showed that subjective SES was negatively associated with the likelihood of agreeing with distal explanations for poor health (being poor or because of work/life environment) and positively associated with the likelihood of agreeing with health‐related behaviours as a cause for poor health. Subjective SES was not related to agreement that genes influence health. These analyses introduce a social psychological factor into the lay understanding of health determinants and extend models of subjective status and attributional style to health explanations.
Smartphone‐based rapid and visual pathological diagnosis of glioma using perovskite probes
Authors: Wu Dongdong , Chi Jimei , Fan Junzhen , Cheng Lijun , Wang Xuning , Yang Xu , Zhang Meng , Lian Zewei , Huang Zengqi , Wang Huadong , Xie Hongfei , Chen Sisi , Pan Qi , Zhang Zeying , Chen Bingda , Sun Guochen , Xu Bainan , Su Meng , Song Yanlin
Published: June 2023

Histopathology plays a great role in diagnosing various diseases, which is considered as a golden standard for tumor identification. The tissue constituents must be stained by visible labels for microscopic analysis by medical experts. However, this process is time‐consuming, labor‐intensive, and expensive, which requires rapid pathological approaches for diagnosis in the operating room. Here, we present an easy‐to‐process and high‐performance perovskite biological probes for rapid and visual pathological diagnosis of glioma. Perovskite quantum dots can be encapsulated by the copolymer into nanocrystals (PNCs) with a diameter of 100 nm, which is modified with chlorotoxin to achieve the specific recognition of glioma. Benefiting from the super photoluminescence quantum yield (above 93%) of EVA@PNCs aqueous solution, the glioma can be clearly imaged and captured via a smartphone under the excitation of a handheld UV lamp. To demonstrate the visualization and efficiency of PNC probes, different malignant grades of brain tumor sections can be distinguished in no more than 5 min. This strategy provides a general auxiliary diagnosis platform for achieving the histopathology analysis near the operating bed, which is currently not feasible with standard histochemical staining methods.

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YouTube vloggers set the stage: How public (non)compliance with COVID‐19 regulations affects adolescents
Authors: Hensums Maud , van den Bos Wouter , Overbeek Geertjan , Larsen Helle
Published: June 2023

Introduction

YouTube vloggers may be important socialization figures, yet their influence on adolescents' health‐related behaviors and cognitions is largely untested. In this two‐study mixed‐method project, we first assessed the extent of (non)compliance to COVID‐19 regulations by vloggers on YouTube and how viewers reacted to this. Second, we experimentally assessed the effects of vlogger behavior paired with viewer evaluations on adolescents' COVID‐19‐related attitudes, intentions, and behavior.

Methods

For Study 1, we coded 240 vlogs of eight popular Dutch vloggers on YouTube recorded in the period of February 2020–March 2021. For our 2 × 2 between‐subjects experiment in Study 2, Dutch adolescents (N = 285, Mage = 12.99, SD = 1.02, 41.8% girls) were randomly assigned to conditions in which they saw vlogs showing either compliance or noncompliance to COVID‐19 regulations, and to conditions in which they saw either supportive or dismissive comments under these vlogs.

Results

Study 1: Vloggers' noncompliance with COVID‐19 regulations was not uncommon and received relatively more viewer support than compliance, suggesting that portrayed noncompliance may be potentially influential. Study 2: Adolescents were more worried about COVID‐19 after they watched a compliant (vs. noncompliant) vlogger. Also, vlogger noncompliance decreased adolescents' perceived importance of COVID‐19 regulations and rule‐setting for adolescents who identified strongly with the vloggers they watched.

Conclusions

Vloggers' (non)compliance affects adolescents' COVID‐19‐related worrying, and attitudes and behavior of adolescents who identify with vloggers strongly. This seems concerning given the sometimes harmful and risky behaviors vloggers portray online but could potentially also be employed to encourage healthy behaviors.
Risk of Fractures in Thyroid Cancer Patients With Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Korea
Authors: Ahn Seong Hee , Lee You Jin , Hong Seongbin , Park Jung Wee , Jeon Ye Jhin , Yoo Bit‐Na , Ha Yong‐Chan , Bak Jean Kyung , Kim Ha Young , Lee Young‐Kyun
Published: June 2023

Postoperative hypoparathyroidism (PO‐hypoPT) is an uncommon complication of total thyroidectomy in thyroid cancer patients. Although long‐term hypoPT causes characteristic changes in bone metabolism, the risk of fractures in hypoPT remains inconclusive. We investigated the risk of fractures in Korean thyroid cancer patients with PO‐hypoPT. This was a retrospective cohort study using data from the Korea Central Cancer Registry and Korean National Health Insurance Service. We analyzed 115,821 thyroid cancer patients aged ≥18 years, who underwent total thyroidectomy between 2008 and 2016. The risk of any fractures, including vertebral, hip, humerus, and wrist fractures, according to parathyroid function after total thyroidectomy, was analyzed using the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model. The PO‐hypoPT and preserved parathyroid function groups included 8789 (7.6%) and 107,032 (92.4%) patients, respectively. Over a mean follow‐up duration of 4.8 years, 159 (1.8%) and 2390 (2.2%) fractures occurred in the PO‐hypoPT and preserved parathyroid function groups, respectively. The risk of any fractures was significantly lower in the PO‐hypoPT group than in the preserved parathyroid function group (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.83; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–0.98; p = 0.037) after adjusting for confounders. Regarding the fracture site, only the risk of vertebral fractures was significantly lower in the PO‐hypoPT group compared with the preserved parathyroid function group (HR = 0.67; 95% CI 0.47–0.96; p = 0.028) after adjusting for confounders. Subgroup analyses showed that bone mineral density measurements and calcium supplementation interacted with the relationship between PO‐hypoPT and the risk of any fractures (p for interactions = 0.010 and 0.017, respectively). PO‐hypoPT was associated with a lower risk of fractures in thyroid cancer patients, especially at the vertebra. The relatively low bone turnover caused by PO‐hypoPT and appropriate management for PO‐hypoPT with active vitamin D and calcium may prevent the deterioration of skeletal health in thyroid cancer patients who can easily be exposed to long‐term overtreatment with levothyroxine. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Bakuchiol inhibits lung cancer by modulating tumor microenvironment and the expression of PD‐L1
Authors: Lin Mengxin , Xu Qian , Luo Yang , Liu Gaohua , Hou Peifeng
Published: June 2023

Immune checkpoint therapy is an emerging frontier in cancer therapy. With the aim to develop an efficient herb derived compound to facilitate immune checkpoint therapy, here we investigate if a herb‐derived compound, Bakuchiol (BAK), can be used to treat lung cancer and elucidate if BAK could serve as a PD‐L1 regulator. To this end, a murine lung cancer model was established by subcutaneously inoculating murine Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. BAK of 5 to 40 mg/kg was used for treatment in vivo for 15 days. On Day 15, the population of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Treg cells. BAK could effectively inhibit tumor growth by starting treatment either on Day 0 or 6 after tumor inoculation at doses of 5−40 mg/kg. BAK treatment increased the population of cytotoxic immune cells (i.e., CD8+ T cells, and M1 macrophages), meanwhile decreasing pro‐tumor immune cells (i.e., CD3+ T cells, Treg cells, and M2 macrophages). Anti‐inflammatory cytokines, including IL1β, IL2, IFNγ, TNF‐α, IL4 and IL10 were upregulated by BAK. PD‐L1 expression in the tumor was also lowered by BAK. AKT and STAT3 signaling were inhibited by BAK. BAK is an efficient agent in reducing LLC tumor growth. These data support the potential of BAK as a new drug for treating lung cancer by serving as a PD‐L1 inhibitor that suppresses the activation of AKT and STAT3.
Thymoquinone protects against 5‐Fluorouracil‐induced mucositis by NF‐κβ and HIF‐1 mechanisms in mice
Authors: Madani Fatemeh , Kazemi Sohrab , Shirafkan Fatemeh , Lotfi Mandana , Hosseini Seyed M. , Moghadamnia Ali A.
Published: June 2023

Mucositis is among the most common side effects of 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) and other cancer therapeutic drugs. Thymoquinone (TQ), a bioactive constituent extracted from Nigella sativa, has antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties and can modify acute gastrointestinal injury. To investigate the effects of TQ on mucositis induced by 5‐FU, studied animals were divided into four groups: control, 5‐FU unit dose (300 mg/kg) to cause oral and intestinal mucositis (OM and IM), TQ (2.5 mg/kg) and TQ (2.5 mg/kg) plus 5‐FU. Due to The molecular mechanisms, it was confirmed that the expression of NF‐κβ and HIF‐1 increases in OM. The serum levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as pathological parameters, were assessed. Based on our results, the nuclear factor‐kappa β gene expression in the tongue was downregulated significantly in the 5‐FU + TQ compared to the 5‐FU. TQ treatment can diminish MDA, and a reduction in oxidative stress was shown. TQ could also reduce the severity of tissue destruction and damaging effects induced by 5‐FU on the tongue and intestine. We also observed lower villus length and width in the intestine of the 5‐FU group compared to the control group. According to our research's pathological, biochemical, and molecular results, treatment with TQ as an anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant compound may be the potential to improve and treat 5‐FU‐induced OM and IM, and TQ could be used against cancer treatment drugs and exhibit fewer adverse effects.
Endoscopic internalization by cutting versus removal of the endoscopic transpapillary naso‐gallbladder drainage tube in preoperative management of acute cholecystitis: A retrospective multicenter cohort study
Authors: Maruta Akinori , Iwashita Takuji , Yoshida Kensaku , Iwata Keisuke , Shimizu Shogo , Shimizu Masahito
Published: June 2023

Background

Endoscopic transpapillary naso‐gallbladder drainage (ENGBD) has been reported to be an effective treatment option for acute cholecystitis. At our institution, ENGBD was first placed for external fistula management, and endoscopic internalization by cutting was performed, shifting to endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder stenting (EGBS) after improvement of cholecystitis. However, there has been no comparative study to define which preoperative management is better: converting ENGBD to EGBS or removing ENGBD.

The study aimed to compare the incidence rate of the late adverse events (AEs) related to biliary system between shifting from ENGBD to EGBS and removal of ENGBD.

Methods

We retrospectively studied 122 patients who underwent ENGBD for acute cholecystitis between January 2010 and October 2022. The patients were divided into two groups: the cutting group (converting ENGBD to EGBS) and the removal group (removal of ENGBD). The short and late clinical outcomes were compared between groups.

Results

Endoscopic transpapillary naso‐gallbladder drainage was successfully placed in 78.6% (96/122), and elective cholecystectomy was performed in 31 and 36 patients in the cutting and removal groups, respectively. The cumulative late‐AE rates were 6.4% and 33.3% (p = .007), with a median waiting period for elective cholecystectomy of 58 and 33 days (p = .390) in the cutting and removal groups, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, only endoscopic internalization by cutting was an independent factor affecting late AEs.

Conclusion

Endoscopic internalization by cutting ENGBD after the resolution of acute cholecystitis was considered effective in reducing the risk of late AEs during the waiting period for an elective cholecystectomy.
Synthesis of bioactive quinoline appended spiro pyrrolidines as antioxidants
Authors: Ali M. Mohamed Arshath , Suriyan G. Udhaya , Surya K. Jaga , Mani Kailasam Saravana
Published: June 2023

A multicomponent reaction eliminates operational challenges and boosts the atom economy of the reaction process. A vast class of compounds known as pyrrolidine‐derived heterocycles act as crucial scaffolding for anticancer drugs. The scientists are inspired to create several pyrrolizine derivatives and test their potential antitumor activity against a wide range of cancer types by Mitomycin C's unique anticancer capabilities. We developed an efficient and highly discriminating three‐component reaction between isatin/indenoquinoxaline, l‐phenyl alanine, and quinolinyl‐derived chalcones in methanol results in the synthesis of biologically active novel spiro pyrrolidines that contain three pharmacophoric cores, heterocyclic quinoline scaffold, pyrrolidines, and oxindoles in a single‐molecular framework viz 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction. FT‐IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopic methods were used to elucidate the structures of the synthesized compounds. With butyrated hydroxy toluene serving as a positive control, the synthesized compounds were tested for antioxidant properties utilizing nitric oxide, 1,1‐diphenylpicrylhydrazide, and super oxide radicals, and the results were analyzed.
Mild and selective hydrogen–deuterium exchange for aromatic hydrogen of amines
Authors: Tachrim Zetryana Puteri , Hashinoki Manami , Wang Zeping , Wen Zhang , Zihan Zhuang , Hashimoto Makoto
Published: June 2023

The direct electrophilic deuteration of the aromatic moiety in aromatic and aralkyl amines is reported. The acid‐catalyzed deuteration is facilitated by deuterated trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, [D]triflic acid, CF3SO3D, TfOD, which acts as both the reaction solvent and the source of the deuterium label. The mild conditions enable room temperature hydrogen/deuterium exchange for most of the para‐substituted aromatic amine derivatives studied. In addition, short reaction times and a high degree of aromatic deuteration are achieved and isolation of the product is simple. The optical activity of the chiral aralkyl amines studied was preserved.
Change from low to out‐of‐season epidemics of influenza in China during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A time series study
Authors: Cao Guiying , Guo Zirui , Liu Jue , Liu Min
Published: June 2023

Nonpharmaceutical interventions to limit the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic might reduce the transmission of influenza viruses and disrupt the typical seasonality of influenza. However, changes in epidemiology and seasonal patterns of influenza remain unknown in China during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data on influenza‐like illness (ILI) and influenza cases between surveillance Week 14 in 2010 and Week 6 in 2023 and ILI outbreaks between Week 14 in 2013 and Week 6 in 2023 were collected from the weekly reports of the Chinese National Influenza Center. A total of 32 10 735 ILI specimens were tested between Week 14 in 2010 and Week 6 in 2023 in China, with 12.4% of specimens positive for influenza. The influenza‐positive percentage ranged from 11.8% to 21.1% in southern China and 9.5% to 19.5% in northern China between the 2010/2011 and 2019/2020 influenza seasons. The influenza‐positive percentage was 0.7% in southern China and 0.2% in northern China in the 2020/2021 season. An increasing trend in influenza‐positive percentage was observed in southern China in Weeks 18–27 in the 2022/2023 season, with a peak of 37.3%. A total of 768 ILI outbreaks reported in southern China in Weeks 14–26 in the 2022/2023 season were much more than those in the same period in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons. In summary, seasonal influenza shifted from low to out‐of‐season epidemics during the COVID‐19 pandemic in China, especially in southern China. Influenza vaccination and everyday preventive actions, such as mask wearing, appropriate air exchange, and good hand hygiene practices, are essential for the prevention of influenza virus infection during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Global and regional estimates of cervical cancer burden associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Wan Zhengwei , Zhao Jianhui , Xu Liying , Sun Ping , Shuai Ping , Li Kangning , Zhang Yixuan , Chen Yan , Su Qian , Yao Xiaoqin , Li Xue , Liu Yuping
Published: June 2023

Previous studies reported human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) could enhance human papillomavirus (HPV)‐induced cervical cancer. Therefore, the burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV across different regions and time periods need to be assessed. We aim to investigate the global burden of cervical cancer associated with HIV infection. Age standardized rates (ASRs) of cervical cancer disability‐adjusted life‐years (DALYs) in females (≥15 years old) were calculated by standardization, according the age‐specific DALYs numbers extracted from GBD data set 2019. Population attributable fractions was calculated by combining the published risk ratio, with the HIV prevalence (≥15 years old) from Joint United Nations Programme on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), and transferred to estimate the HIV‐associated cervical cancer burden. Expected annual percentage changes (EAPCs) was calculated to describe the temporal trend of ASR from 1990 to 2019. Pearson correlation analysis were conducted to assess the correlation between the ASR or EAPCs and the socio‐demographic index. The worldwide DALYs ASR caused by HIV‐associated cervical cancer rose from 3.78 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.19–5.56) in 1990 to 9.50 (95% CI: 5.66–13.79) in 2019 per 100k population. In 2019, the region with the greatest burden was Eastern and Southern Africa, with the highest DALYs of 273 900 (95% CI: 149 100–476 400) and ASR of 254.44 per 100k population (95% CI: 168.86–329.28). Notably, the Eastern Europe and Central Asia regions had the highest EAPC (14.07%) of HIV‐associated DALYs ASR. Women in Eastern and Southern Africa experience the greatest burden of HIV‐associated cervical cancer, while the Eastern Europe and Central Asia regions had witnessed the largest increase over the last 30 years. Prioritize the promotion of HPV vaccination and cervical cancer screening for women living with HIV were crucial in these regions.
Performance evaluation of CMIP6 HighResMIP models in simulating precipitation over Madagascar
Authors: Randriatsara Herijaona Hani‐Roge Hundilida , Hu Zhenghua , Xu Xiyan , Ayugi Brian , Sian Kenny Thiam Choy Lim Kam , Mumo Richard , Ongoma Victor , Holtanova Eva
Published: June 2023

The present study evaluates the performance of high‐resolution global climate models derived from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6 HighResMIP), in simulating rainfall characteristics over Madagascar on an annual and seasonal scales for the period 1981–2014. The models and their ensemble mean are assessed based on two observational datasets sourced from Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station data version 2 (CHIRPS v2.0) data and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis fifth generation‐Land dataset (ERA5) as the references throughout the diverse analyses. A Taylor diagram, accompanied by the Taylor skill score (TSS), is used for the annual and seasonal model‐rankings and the overall performance of the models. The best‐performing models are EC‐Earth3P‐HR, ECMWF‐IFS‐HR, ECMWF‐IFS‐LR and HadGEM3‐GC31‐MM. The least‐recommended models with remarkable biases are BCC‐CSM2‐HR, CAMS‐CSM1‐0, FGOALS‐f3‐H, MPI‐ESM1‐2‐HR and MPI‐ESM1‐2‐XR. It is worth mentioning that FGOALS‐f3‐H tends to overestimate rainfall in most analyses, while MPI‐ESM1‐2‐HR and MPI‐ESM1‐2‐XR underestimate it. The findings of this study are of great importance to climatologists and present an opportunity for further investigation of underlying processes responsible for the observed wet/dry biases in order to improve the forecast skills in the models over the study area.
Tibial bone strength is negatively affected by volumetric muscle loss injury to the adjacent muscle in male mice
Authors: Schifino Albino G. , Cooley Marion A. , Zhong Roger X. , Heo Junwon , Hoffman Daniel B. , Warren Gordon L. , Greising Sarah M. , Call Jarrod A.
Published: June 2023

This study's objective was to investigate how contractile strength loss associated with a volumetric muscle loss (VML) injury affects the adjacent tibial bone structural and functional properties in male C57BL/6J mice. Mice were randomized into one of two experimental groups: VML‐injured mice that were injured at age 12 weeks and aged to 20 weeks (8 weeks postinjury, VML) and 20‐week‐old age‐matched uninjured mice (Uninjured‐20). Tibial bone strength, mid‐diaphysis cortical geometry, intrinsic material properties, and metaphyseal trabecular bone structure were assessed by three‐point bending and microcomputed tomography (µCT). The plantar flexor muscle group (gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris) was analyzed for its functional capacities, that is, peak‐isometric torque and peak‐isokinetic power. VML‐injured limbs had 25% less peak‐isometric torque and 31% less peak‐isokinetic power compared to those of Uninjured‐20 mice (p < 0.001). Ultimate load, but not stiffness, was significantly less (10%) in tibias of VML‐injured limbs compared to those from Uninjured‐20 (p = 0.014). µCT analyses showed cortical bone thickness was 6% less in tibias of VML‐injured limbs compared to Uninjured‐20 (p = 0.001). Importantly, tibial bone cross‐section moment of inertia, the primary determinant of bone ultimate load, was 16% smaller in bones of VML‐injured limbs compared to bones from Uninjured‐20 (p = 0.046). Metaphyseal trabecular bone structure was also altered up to 23% in tibias of VML‐injured limbs (p < 0.010). These changes in tibial bone structure and function after a VML injury occur during a natural maturation phase between the age of 12 and 20 weeks, as evidenced by Uninjured‐20 mice having greater tibial bone size and strength compared to uninjured‐aged 12‐week mice.
Attributional negativity bias and acute stress disorder symptoms mediate the association between trauma history and future posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Webb E. Kate , Timmer‐Murillo Sydney C. , Huggins Ashley A. , Tomas Carissa W. , deRoon‐Cassini Terri A. , Larson Christine L.
Published: June 2023

Individuals who have experienced more trauma throughout their life have a heightened risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following injury. Although trauma history cannot be retroactively modified, identifying the mechanism(s) by which preinjury life events influence future PTSD symptoms may help clinicians mitigate the detrimental effects of past adversity. The current study proposed attributional negativity bias, the tendency to perceive stimuli/events as negative, as a potential intermediary in PTSD development. We hypothesized an association between trauma history and PTSD symptom severity following a new index trauma via heightened negativity bias and acute stress disorder (ASD) symptoms. Recent trauma survivors (N =189, 55.5% women, 58.7% African American/Black) completed assessments of ASD, negativity bias, and lifetime trauma 2‐weeks postinjury; PTSD symptoms were assessed 6 months later. A parallel mediation model was tested with bootstrapping (10,000 resamples). Both negativity bias, Path b1: β = −.24, t(187) = −2.88, p = .004, and ASD symptoms, Path b2: β = .30, t(187) = 3.71, p < .001, fully mediated the association between trauma history and 6‐month PTSD symptoms, full model: F(6, 182) = 10.95, p < .001, R 2= .27; Path c’: β = .04, t(187) = 0.54, p = .587. These results suggest that negativity bias may reflect an individual cognitive difference that can be further activated by acute trauma. Moreover, negativity bias may be an important, modifiable treatment target, and interventions addressing both acute symptoms and negativity bias in the early posttrauma period may weaken the link between trauma history and new‐onset PTSD.