bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Harnessing the Potential of Early Access: Advancing Timely Patient Access to Innovative Medicines in a Sustainable Way
Authors: de Gooijer Ingmar , Brus Ronald
Published: January 2022

The way medicines are developed, regulated and priced determines how quickly patients have access to safe, effective and affordable medicines. Patients are increasingly requesting access to investigational medicines and regulators are developing guidelines for additional data collection outside the clinical trial setting. Payors and healthcare policy makers worry about the rising prices of new medicines and are searching for effective policy instruments. Developing effective pharmaceutical policy requires a thorough understanding of the working of the medicine development ecosystem. Currently the smaller players are the drivers of discovery and innovation but are unable to compete in the approved medicine market as they lack the financial capacity to progress to the commercial phase, which limits competition and pricing pressure. Experimenting with innovative funding models for advanced therapy medicinal products, personalized treatments and medicines targeting (progressive) orphan diseases is expected to occur more frequently. One such model that supports smaller medicine developers, and helps them survive transitioning to the commercial stage, is the funding of early access programs. Countries with universal healthcare systems are well suited to experiment with an adaptive funding model for early access that includes pay-for-performance elements based on evolving real-world data and evaluation. Such an approach has the potential to contribute to universal access to new treatments in a sustainable way.
Intellectual Property Considerations
Authors: Mucke Hermann
Published: January 2022

This chapter discusses a general framework of how patents in the context of drug repurposing can be applied for, what their peculiarities and challenges are, and how the respective considerations should be an integral part of every drug repurposing program. While the intellectual property strategies that come into play here are not fundamentally different from those used in drug discovery there are specific issues to be considered, and specific opportunities to be exploited. One of these is the patenting of combination therapies driven by systems medicine approaches, which makes it easier for applicants to obtain formulation patents tailored for the new use. A snapshot of international drug repurposing patent applications published in July 2020 completes the chapter.
Mechanism and selectivity of photocatalyzed CO2reduction by a function-integrated Ru catalyst
Authors: Zhang Ya-Qiong , Li Ying-Ying , Maseras Feliu , Liao Rong-Zhen
Published: January 2022

Density functional calculations were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism and understand the origin of selectivity of photocatalyzed CO2 reduction by a functional-integrated Ru(ii) complex, [RuII-(tpy)(pqn)(MeCN)]2+.
Custom-made holey graphene via scanning probe block co-polymer lithography
Authors: Alsudir Samar A. , Fardous Roa S. , Alsoughayer Shahla , Almalik Abdulaziz M. , Alsharaeh Edreese H. , Alhasan Ali H.
Published: January 2022

Scanning probe block co-polymer lithography was utilized to fabricate silver nanoparticles on graphene surfaces with spatial and dimensional control. The downstream etching process produced holey graphene with uniformly distributed holes.
Application of poly(vinylphosphonic acid) modified poly(amidoxime) in uptake of uranium from seawater
Authors: He Yangchun , Hou Guangshun , Lu Xirui , Chang Pengpeng , Shao Dadong
Published: January 2022

Our modified poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) enhances the anti-biofouling properties and adsorption capability of poly(amidoxime) (PAO); the PVPA/PAO presents exceptional ability in the selective uptake of U(vi) from seawater.
Effect of oxygen species and catalyst structure on the performance of methane activation over Pd–Pt catalysts
Authors: Geng Haojie , Yang Zhongqing , Li Zhuwan , Yu Siyu , Wang Jinshuai , Zhang Li
Published: January 2022

This paper investigates C–H bond activation in methane over monometallic Pd, Pt and bimetallic Pd–Pt catalysts via a differential reactor, chemisorption system, HAADF-STEM, TPR and XPS methods.
An integrated platform for metamaterial-based sensing and surface acoustic wave-based acoustofluidics utilising circular interdigital transducers
Authors: Zahertar Shahrzad , Torun Hamdi , Tao Ran , Canyelles-Pericas Pep , Luo Jingting , Wu Qiang , Fu Yong-Qing
Published: January 2022

A key challenge in developing lab-on-a-chip devices is integrating various functionalities such as liquid manipulation and sensing on a single platform, which conventionally requires different technologies to be separately optimized.
Elastocapillary deformation of thin elastic ribbons in 2D foam columns
Authors: Jouanlanne Manon , Egelé Antoine , Favier Damien , Drenckhan Wiebke , Farago Jean , Hourlier-Fargette Aurélie
Published: January 2022

Elastocapillarity dictates the shape of bubble arrangements into which an elastic ribbon is introduced, deviating from classical Plateau's laws. We provide a quantitative study of the equilibrium structures, with application to bubble-based shaping.
Processing and characterisation of BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δproton conductor densified at 1200 °C
Authors: Triviño-Peláez Ángel , Pérez-Coll Domingo , Aparicio Mario , Fagg Duncan P. , Mosa Jadra , Mather Glenn C.
Published: January 2022

BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δdensifies at 1200 °C on employing a combination of Ba excess, ZnO sintering additive and nanopowders prepared by a sol–gel route. The low densification temperature decreases grain-boundary resistance despite the lower grain size.
Highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles on 2D MoS2 nanosheets for efficient and stable hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Li Yaru , Wang Shuaiqi , Hu Youdi , Zhou Xiaoze , Zhang Meng , Jia Xiaoyu , Yang Yi , Lin Bo-Lin , Chen Gang
Published: January 2022

With NaBH4 as the assistant reductant, small and highly dispersed Pt nanoparticles are formed on E-MoS2 nanosheets which provide abundant catalytically active sites and exhibit excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance.
Conformational-specific self-assembled peptides as dual-mode, multi-target inhibitors and detectors for different amyloid proteins
Authors: Ren Baiping , Tang Yijing , Zhang Dong , Liu Yonglan , Zhang Yanxian , Chen Hong , Hu Rundong , Zhang Mingzhen , Zheng Jie
Published: January 2022

In-house SAP-based paper sensors and SPR sensors were developed for detecting and inhibiting both Aβ (association with Alzheimer's disease) and hIAPP (association with Type II diabetes) aggregation.
Correction: Facile room-temperature fabrication of a silver-platinum nanocoral catalyst towards hydrogen evolution and methanol electro-oxidation
Authors: Pham Hau Quoc , Huynh Tai Thien
Published: January 2022

Correction for ‘Facile room-temperature fabrication of a silver–platinum nanocoral catalyst towards hydrogen evolution and methanol electro-oxidation’ by Hau Quoc Pham et al., Mater. Adv., 2022, DOI: 10.1039/d1ma01077h.
3D MHD wave propagation near a coronal null point: New wave mode decomposition approach
Authors: Yadav N. , Keppens R. , Popescu Braileanu B.
Published: January 2022

Context. Ubiquitous vortex flows at the solar surface excite magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) waves that propagate to higher layers of the solar atmosphere. In the solar corona, these waves frequently encounter magnetic null points. The interaction of MHD waves with a coronal magnetic null in realistic 3D setups requires an appropriate wave identification method.

Aims. We present a new MHD wave decomposition method that overcomes the limitations of existing wave identification methods. Our method allows for an investigation of the energy fluxes in different MHD modes at different locations of the solar atmosphere as waves generated by vortex flows travel through the solar atmosphere and pass near the magnetic null.

Methods. We used the open-source MPI-AMRVAC code to simulate wave dynamics through a coronal null configuration. We applied a rotational wave driver at our bottom photospheric boundary to mimic vortex flows at the solar surface. To identify the wave energy fluxes associated with different MHD wave modes, we employed a wave decomposition method that is able to uniquely distinguish different MHD modes. Our proposed method utilizes the geometry of an individual magnetic field-line in the 3D space to separate the velocity perturbations associated with the three fundamental MHD waves. We compared our method with an existing wave decomposition method that uses magnetic flux surfaces instead. Over the selected flux surfaces, we calculated and analyzed the temporally averaged wave energy fluxes, as well as the acoustic and magnetic energy fluxes. Our wave decomposition method allowed us to estimate the relative strengths of individual MHD wave energy fluxes.

Results. Our method for wave identification is consistent with previous flux-surface-based methods and provides the expected results in terms of the wave energy fluxes at various locations of the null configuration. We show that ubiquitous vortex flows excite MHD waves that contribute significantly to the Poynting flux in the solar corona. Alfvén wave energy flux accumulates on the fan surface and fast wave energy flux accumulates near the null point. There is a strong current density buildup at the spine and fan surface.

Conclusions. The proposed method has advantages over previously utilized wave decomposition methods, since it may be employed in realistic simulations or magnetic extrapolations, as well as in real solar observations whenever the 3D fieldline shape is known. The essential characteristics of MHD wave propagation near a null – such as wave energy flux accumulation and current buildup at specific locations – translate to the more realistic setup presented here. The enhancement in energy flux associated with magneto-acoustic waves near nulls may have important implications in the formation of jets and impulsive plasma flows.
Effect of slit length on linear and non-linear acoustic transfer impedance of a micro-slit plate
Authors: Aulitto Alessia , Hirschberg Avraham , Arteaga Ines Lopez , Buijssen Esmée L.R.H.
Published: January 2022

The effect of the slit length on the acoustic transfer impedance of micro-slit plates (MSPs) is investigated in the linear and non-linear regime for a specific slit geometry. This geometry is inspired by slits obtained by cutting and bending the plate. MSPs are plates with arrays of slit-shaped perforations, with the width of the order of the acoustic viscous boundary layer thickness. Impedance tube measurements on two accurately manufactured plates are compared to numerical solution of the Linearized Navier-Stokes equations and to analytical limits. The impedance of the plate is obtained by the impedance of a single slit divided by the plate porosity. The resistance of a slit is independent on the slit length and on the plate porosity. In the linear regime the resistance is accurately predicted by a two-dimensional numerical model. In the non-linear regime, the resistance is strongly dependent on the amplitude of the acoustic waves. The inertance of the slit is weakly dependent on the slit length and on the plate porosity, for low and moderate amplitudes. For high amplitudes, a complicated amplitude dependency of the inertia of short slits is found. One expects that most of the conclusions obtained can be generalised to other slit geometries.
Double-Pruning: preventive technique against spring frost damage
Authors: Giordano Lucia , Frioni Tommaso , Poni Stefano , Palliotti Alberto
Published: January 2022

The double pruning technique on Sangiovese vines, based on pre-pruning in February and finishing in April, induced a delay of bud break, which is an approach to avoid spring frost damage. The field experiment was conducted on Sangiovese vines mechanically spur-pruned during dormancy in February and manually finished post budburst to test the potential of ‘double-pruning’ approach to prevent the spring frost damage. This technique, associated with the finishing performed when the apical shoots on the mechanically-shortened canes were about 10 cm long, allowed to keep the basal buds in a dormant phase for almost 15 days, extending the resistance period against the spring frosts, particularly important for the cultivars characterized by early bud-break. Yield reduction per vine was -22% due only to the incidence of unsprouted buds, while the grape ripening profile was delayed with an increase of acidity and phenols and a decrease of pH and soluble solids.
Expression patterns of DEMETER-like DNA demethylases homologs hint at potential involvement in grapevine dormancy release
Authors: De Rosa Valeria , Falchi Rachele , Peressotti Alessandro , Vizzotto Giannina
Published: January 2022

Climate change represents an undeniable threat to traditional viticulture in many areas of the world. Although an increase of average surface temperatures is expected in the future, late frost occurrences are predicted to be an actual challenge, being budburst the critical stage during which cold hardiness levels dramatically decrease and frost vulnerability is at its maximum. Genomic DNA methylation is known as an important mechanism for gene expression regulation. A sub-group of epigenetic regulators named DEMETER-like DNA demethylases (DMLs) has been shown to be involved in budbreak regulation inPopulus trichocarpa. In this study, buds of twoVitiscultivars, Fleurtai (Friulano × Kozma 20-3) and UD 31-103 (Merlot × Kozma 20-3), characterized by different levels of resistance to winter freezing temperatures, were sampled during the 2019/2020 winter season. Cold hardiness dynamics were monitored with differential thermal analysis (DTA) at regular intervals. Expression levels of two putative grapevine DEMETER homologs were investigated during natural dormancy conditions. Results show dissimilar deacclimation rates in the two varieties. As observed in other woody species, putative grapevine DEMETERs show downregulation and upregulation trends hinting at a potential involvement in grapevine dormancy release.
Enhancement of the Tuscan grapevine germplasm: Nocchianello Bianco and Nocchianello Nero cultivars
Authors: Zombardo Alessandra , Puccioni Sergio , Perria Rita , Valentini Paolo , Storchi Paolo
Published: January 2022

As part of a decades-long project to safeguard the viticultural biodiversity in the wine-growing district of Pitigliano (Tuscany, Italy), the research activity carried out made it possible to rediscover two valuable autochthonous grapevine varieties, otherwise doomed to extinction: Nocchianello Bianco (whiteberried) and Nocchianello Nero (black-berried). Both the cultivars were thoroughly characterized at the genetic, phenological, and ampelographic levels, as well as the yield and grape quality were evaluated. Thanks to the results obtained, Nocchianello Bianco and Nocchianello Nero were officially reintroduced in the local and regional winemaking scenario, following the registration in the Italian Catalogue of Grapevine Varieties and the addition to the list of grapevine varieties suitable for cultivation in Tuscany.
Field survey and UAV remote sensing as tools for evaluating the canopy management effects in smallholder grapevine farm
Authors: Brunori Elena , Moresi Federico Valerio , Maesano Mauro , De Horatis Matteo , Salvati Riccardo , Scarascia Mugnozza Giuseppe , Biasi Rita
Published: January 2022

The transition towards more resilient and sustainable agricultural systems must start from smallholder farms (SHs), that are responsible for one third of total crop production, are crucial to preserve ecosystems services, but are restive to adopt precision viticulture (PV) tools because benefits are considered insufficient to justify the costs. PV could help SHs to face with climate variability, maintaining high quality standards in the vineyard and to increase grapevine resilience adopting strategic cultural practices. This paper focus on evaluating some canopy management techniques (leaf removal at different phenological stages) on Italian grapevine landraces through field survey and UAV remote sensing, to obtain an automated estimation of the vine status in terms of canopy architecture, vine vigour, and berry traits. Findings showed as the adoption of canopy management practices, like the leaf removal, can increase the productive performance of the vines by regulating canopy growth, improving berry quality, and at the same time can increase the environmental sustainability of viticulture. Remote sensing restores a real-time vegetational indices (VIs) at vine scale that SHs could use to maximize quality and sustainability through a more efficient and site-specific management of the vineyard.
Outlook on disease resistant grapevine varieties
Authors: Bavaresco Luigi , Squeri Cecilia
Published: January 2022

Breeding programs for disease resistance were developed from the 19th century on, in both the old (Europe) and new world as a way to promote sustainable viticulture. The main results of breeding, in terms of disease resistance and grape (and wine) quality are described, ranging from the first American hybrids to the most recent varieties. The activity of some representative breeders is discussed and the current situation in Italy is reported. Productive, legislative, and commercial aspects for wine production are considered, especially for European Union where the wine sector is strongly regulated. The perspectives of breeding for disease resistance are discussed, including the new breeding techniques (Nbt) like cis-genesis and genome editing. The importance to interact with the society to make acceptable these innovations is emphasized. While less acceptance problems are expected with table grapes, raisins or rootstocks, more concerns might arise with wine grapes. The role of science is to give the legislator tools to cope with sustainability and to educate the society (from the grape grower to the wine consumer) to a correct understanding. Innovations can be a real advantage only if they are accepted by all the actors of the wine chain.
Experimental study on the crack resistance of steel-nanometre hybrid fibre concrete
Authors: Wu Hailin , Mi Zijia , Pei Ziqiang
Published: January 2022

To investigate the effects of steel fibre and nanometre fibre on the cracking of reinforced concrete, the cracking resistance of steel fibre reinforced concrete, nanometre fibre reinforced concrete, and hybrid fibre reinforced concrete with different doping levels were studied in comparison with the baseline concrete specimens by steel-Nano hybrid fibre reinforced concrete axial tensile tests. The results show that when the steel fibre admixture is 1.5% and the nanometre fibre admixture is 0.05%, the initial cracking load of reinforced steel-Nano hybrid fibre axial tensile specimens is enhanced the most, at this time, compared with the initial cracking load of plain concrete specimens by 58.9%, at the same steel stress level, when the steel fibre admixture is 1.5% and the nanometre fibre admixture is 0.10%, it is most effective for crack control.
Performance of cement stabilized recycled aggregate base course added with metakaolin
Authors: Yao Jianming , Wang Wei , Song Xuyan
Published: January 2022

In order to better use the old cement concrete pavement materials in the cement stabilized base of the reconstruction or new road. In this paper, metakaolin was used to replace recycled fine aggregate with different proportions to prepare cement stabilized recycled aggregate base mixture, and the physical and mechanical properties and dry shrinkage properties of cement stabilized recycled aggregate base mixture were studied. The results of the study show that adding a proper amount of metakaolin can reduce the optimal water content of the mixture, increases the maximum dry density and 7d unconfined compressive strength of the mixture, and also reduces the total water loss and dry shrinkage of the mixture. The research results can provide new ideas for the recycling of road waste materials.
Study on the antioxidant ability of procyanidins and their complexes
Authors: Lu Di , Wang Lijuan , Zhang Wu , Guo Baohui , Lv Yuguang
Published: January 2022

Due to the excellent antioxidant capacity of proanthocyanidins, combined with the antioxidant mechanism of anthocyanins, it inspired us to study the antioxidant capacity of proanthocyanidins and their complexes. In this article, we conducted antioxidant tests on proanthocyanidin-bovine serum albumin and procyanidin-metal complexes, using DPPH and ABTS methods to determine the antioxidant capacity of procyanidins and their complexes. The results show that compared with proanthocyanidins, the proanthocyanidin complex has a certain degree of improvement in the ability to scavenge free radicals. After being combined with metal ions, the ability to scavenge free radicals is significantly improved. When the ratio of proanthocyanidin B2 to Fe3+ is 2:1, the ability to scavenge free radicals is significantly enhanced.
Research on sensing characteristics of diamond multilayer waveguide structure racetrack micro-ring resonator
Authors: Li Xin , Gao Tian , Zhao Wei , Sun Dejie , Xue Han
Published: January 2022

A racetrack micro-ring resonant cavity sensor based on the diamond's material is proposed in this paper. In the model, the vertical-section of the waveguide adopts a five-layer ridge-type waveguide structure based on CH3NH3PbI3, SiO2 and diamond, i.e. CH3NH3PbI3-SiO2-Diamond-SiO2-CH3NH3PbI3. First, on the basis of the resonant principle and coupled mode theory, this study investigated the light field intensity distribution characteristics of the integral resonant cavity, the longitudinal section of a single straight waveguide, the racetrack micro-ring, and the longitudinal section of the straight waveguide by using the finite element method in COMSOL. The analysis shows that the introduction of CH3NH3PbI3 as an isolation layer can avoid the light scattering loss and leakage loss, and significantly enhance the filtering performance. In addition the sensing characteristics of the Add-drop racetrack resonator were further studied. Results showed that the structure could achieve a quality factor of 105, and the sensitivity could reach 14833.33 dB/RIU. In the detection system with a signal-to-noise ratio of 30 dB, the detection limit was 2.02 × 10−7 RIU. Compared with the traditional All-pass single micro-ring resonator, the proposed structure shows advantages of high tenability, high sensitivity and low detection limit.
Essais et analyses géotechniques sur les argiles plastiques du Sparnacien du Bassin parisien
Authors: Zhang Yi , Gilbert Sébastien , Regallet Dominique
Published: January 2022

Les argiles plastiques d’âge Sparnacien (Yprésien – Eocène inférieur) présentent un enjeu géotechnique majeur pour le projet Grand Paris Express, un des plus grands projets de métro en cours de construction en Europe. Ces argiles plastiques se trouvent souvent à grande profondeur. Elles sont connues comme imperméables, normalement consolidées ou surconsolidées, gonflantes en affleurement. Cependant, leurs caractéristiques mécaniques sont peu connues, et leur mécanisme de gonflement est complexe car il dépend des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des minéraux constituant ces argiles, ainsi que de leurs états mécaniques et hydriques. Quelques retours d’expériences, parfois accidentels, ont montré des déformations importantes de cette couche géologique, avec la présence locale de poches de sables ou de lithofaciès sableux. Afin de dimensionner correctement les ouvrages en contact avec cette couche, de nombreux essais in situ et en laboratoire ont été réalisés pour mieux appréhender le comportement de ces argiles plastiques. Cet article présente d’abord le contexte géologique et la synthèse des essais sur 3 zones représentatives sur les lignes 14 et 15, à savoir : le Coteau d’Issy à Issy-Les-Moulineaux (L15 Sud-Ouest), la vallée de la Bièvre à la Maison Blanche dans Paris 13e arrondissement (L14 Sud) et la vallée et les plateaux de la Marne à Saint-Maur et Créteil (L15 Sud-Est). Des analyses géotechniques des essais ont été ensuite effectuées zone par zone afin de mieux connaître les comportements mécanique et hydrique, ainsi que la variabilité spatiale, de ces argiles plastiques.
Histoire de l’usage des modèles de propagation de blocs dans un organisme gérant des problématiques de risques naturels en montagne
Authors: Martin Rémy , Robert Yannick , Dupire Pierre , Fayard Olivier , Carladous Simon
Published: January 2022

Le service de Restauration des Terrains en Montagne de l’Office National des Forêts est un acteur historique de la prévention contre les chutes de blocs en montagne. Pour les besoins de la cartographie des aléas et du dimensionnement d’ouvrages de protection, il a suivi l’évolution des moyens techniques depuis les années 1980 jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Ces dernières années, des réflexions se poursuivent sur l’aléa rocheux dans différents groupes de travail mandatés par l’État ou fédérant les experts privés et publics du domaine. Le développement des moyens informatiques et l’augmentation de la précision des données topographiques ont rendu la réalisation de calculs trajectographiques de plus en plus accessible et ont permis de mener des campagnes de simulations de grande envergure. Cet article présente l’histoire de l’utilisation des outils trajectographiques par le service de Restauration des Terrains en Montagne. L’objectif est d’aider à la compréhension de certains choix méthodologiques qui perdurent encore aujourd’hui pour éclairer les réflexions en cours. Il s’inscrit en parallèle des rapports publics établis pour le compte du Ministère de la Transition Écologique avec d’autres organismes d’État.
La trempe des aciers, points de vue techniques, historiques et scientifiques. Vingt-cinq siècles d’évolution de la trempe des aciers
Authors: Le Coze Jean
Published: January 2022

Le verbe tremper vient du latin « temperare » qui contient la notion de tempérer, modérer, très éloignée de l’action, plutôt violente, de plonger dans l’eau une pièce d’acier porté au rouge, ce qui est aujourd’hui la définition de « tremper l’acier ». Par contre, dans les siècles passés, « tremper l’acier » a eu différentes significations, allant jusqu’au processus complet de chauffage, durcissement à l’eau et revenu, avec de nombreuses variantes. L’objectif était d’obtenir un état optimisé entre la dureté et la fragilité, ce que contenait le verbe « temperare ». Ce premier article présente les différents traitements appelés « trempe », puis les anciens moyens de contrôler les températures, les bains de trempe aux compositions parfois magiques et les défauts induits par la trempe. Le dernier paragraphe déroule l’historique du vocabulaire de ces traitements depuis Homère, jusqu’à l’apparition de « temperare » dans les écrits du 12e siècle et à la normalisation du langage à la fin du 19e siècle. Un deuxième article analysera la lente évolution, depuis le Moyen Âge, des descriptions des mécanismes de la trempe, largement fondées sur les conceptions de la matière par Aristote, jusqu’à l’apparition des nouveaux concepts cristallographiques et atomiques de la constitution des métaux, au début du 20e siècle, exposés dans un troisième article.
Verortung von Zweitmeinungsanbietern in Deutschland – Gibt es
regionale Unterschiede?
Authors: Prediger Barbara , Koller Daniela , Heß Simone , Könsgen Nadja , Pieper Dawid
Published: January 2022

Ziel der Studie Seit 2015 ist das Recht auf eine Zweitmeinung im
Sozialgesetzbuch V verankert. Dieses wurde im Rahmen der „Richtlinie zum
Zweitmeinungsverfahren“ konkretisiert. Seit 2019 können sich
Versicherte der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung im Falle einer Indikation zur
Tonsillektomie/Tonsillotomie (TE/TT) oder Hysterektomie (HE)
eine unabhängige Zweitmeinung einholen. Fachärzte, die bestimmte
Qualifikationen erfüllen, können bei den
Kassenärztlichen Vereinigungen (KVen) einen Antrag stellen und so die
Zweitmeinung abrechnen. Die KVen veröffentlichen die Adressen der
Zweitmeiner auf ihren Webseiten. Ziel der Studie ist die Darstellung der
räumlichen Verteilung von Zweitmeinern und die Analyse regionaler
Unterschiede.

Methodik Am 19.06.2020 wurden alle Zweitmeiner über die Webseiten
der einzelnen KVen identifiziert. Die dazugehörigen Adressen wurden
heruntergeladen und nach Bundesland und Indikation (TE/TT und HE)
sortiert. Zur Darstellung der räumlichen Verteilung wurden
Erreichbarkeitskarten erstellt, die die Entfernung von jedem potentiellen
Wohnort zum nächstgelegenen Zweitmeiner abbilden.

Ergebnisse Es sind insgesamt 253 Zweitmeiner für TE/TT und
407 Zweitmeiner für HE gemeldet. Betrachtet man die Gesamtzahl der
Zweitmeiner für TE/TT und HE gibt es mit 18 Zweitmeinern pro
Million Einwohner die meisten Zweitmeiner im Saarland und mit einem pro Million
Einwohner die wenigsten in Bremen. Ebenfalls unterschiedlich gestaltet sich die
Fahrtzeit, die eine Person zu einem Zweitmeiner aufwenden muss: In Hamburg sind
es im Schnitt 0,23 Stunden bis zum nächsten Zweitmeiner für
TE/TT und in Berlin 0,25 Stunden für HE. Die längsten
Anfahrtszeiten haben Patienten aus Rheinland-Pfalz (1,4 Stunden für HE)
und Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (1,2 Stunden für TE/TT).
Abducens Nerve Schwannoma: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Finger Guilherme , Godoy Bruno Loyola , Silva Bruna Koeche da , Mello Rafael de , Nogueira Janio , Souto Antonio Aversa do
Published: January 2022

The authors describe a rare case of abducens nerve schwannoma, manifested with headache and diplopia, associated to right side cerebellar syndrome. During surgery, the authors identified that the origin of the tumor was from the abducens nerve, and the histopathological diagnosis confirmed that it was a schwannoma. A gross total tumor resection was performed, and the patient recovered from her symptoms 1 month after surgery. The authors followed the Case Report guidelines (CARE) guideline and the patient authorized the authors to publish the present case report by signing an informed consent form.
Impact of Replacing Old C-Arms on Reducing Radiation Exposure
Authors: Robbins Gordon T. , Wellnitz Nicholas J. , Darwin Peter E.
Published: January 2022

Fluoroscopy is increasingly used by gastroenterologists for endoscopic procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Unfortunately, fluoroscopy exposes patients and staff to ionizing radiation, which can cause DNA damage, cell death, genetic defects, and cancer. These adverse effects are more likely to occur with increased exposure time and higher radiation doses; therefore, all efforts to decrease exposure are helpful. In this study, we investigate the impact that updating the C-Arms in our endoscopy unit will have on radiation exposure by comparing ionizing radiation effects of the OEC 9900 Elite to the newer OEC Elite. After replicating the setup of a typical endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, ionizing radiation and energy were measured at the bedside and the head of the bed with each machine. At both positions, the newer OEC Elite C-Arm emitted less energy and ionizing radiation than the OEC 9900 Elite. Continuous imaging with OEC 9900 Elite emitted 0.12 mSv/h at the head of the bed and 0.49 mSv/h at the bedside, while the OEC Elite only emitted 0.04 mSv/h and 0.14 mSv/h, respectively. These values are measures of radiation-induced cancer risk, otherwise known as stochastic risk. The differences grow more significant when extrapolated to show radiation differences for an average procedure (approximately 8 minutes of fluoroscopy time) and the procedural volume for an entire year. In an effort to use as little radiation as possible, we see that we can significantly reduce radiation exposure to our staff by upgrading from an OEC 9900 Elite to and OEC Elite.
A Case of ECHS1 Deficiency with Severe Encephalopathy and Status Epilepticus after a Propofol Sedation: Case Report
Authors: Preusse Matthias , Paraschaki Georgia , Lutz Soeren
Published: January 2022

Background Short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECHS1) deficiency is a rare metabolic disorder. Concerned patients present with Leigh syndrome symptoms or a Leigh-like syndrome. Only 58 patients are known worldwide. The ECHS1 is a key component in β-oxidation and valine catabolic pathways.

Case Here we report a 6-month-old Lebanese boy born to consanguineous parents. He presented an increased muscle tone, hyperexcitability, feeding problems, horizontal nystagmus, and developmental delay. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain revealed frontal brain atrophy, corpus callosum atrophy, and T2 hyperintensity in pallidum, internal capsule, pons, and thalamus. In the postsedation phase, the patient displayed a sudden generalized seizure with transition to status epilepticus. Therefore, we conducted metabolic examinations, which showed elevated levels of 2-methyl-2,3-DiOH-butyrate and 3-methylglutaconate in urine. Single exome sequencing revealed the homozygous mutation c.476A > G in the ECHS1 gene.

Conclusion This case report describes the clinical symptoms and the diagnostics of ECHS1 deficiency. It shows the importance of further metabolic and genetic testing of patients with motoric conspicuities and developmental delay. It is important to be cautious with propofol sedation of patients who present an unknown neurological disorder, when metabolic disturbance or especially mitochondriopathy is suspected.
Response characteristics of impinging shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction disturbed by arc plasma energy deposition
Authors: Feng Liming , Ma Xiaogang , Zhang Yuntian , Wang Chen , Xue Rui , Chen Zhi
Published: January 2022

Experiments and numerical simulations of shock wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction (STBLI) disturbed by arc plasma energy deposition (APED) were carried out in this paper. The experiments were conducted in a M = 2.497 wind tunnel. Both the flow structures and the evolution process of impinging STBLI disturbed by APED were captured by time-resolved schlieren imaging. The disturbance effects of APED on supersonic flow without STBLI were studied with different capacitor stored energies. Furthermore, under the same capacitor stored energy, the impinging STBLI control with APED were explored in different flow deflection angles. The experimental results indicated that thermal bubbles induced by APED had a high penetration depth and impacted the STBLI seriously. Compared to the incident shock wave, the separation shock wave was more sensitive to the influence of APED and showed significant instability. With equivalent energy deposited into the flow, the ability of APED to disturb the impinging STBLI was decreased as the flow deflection angle increased, and the separation shock wave had a smaller position change and shorter recovery time. The direct numerical simulation results showed that the APED added in a flow field can hinder the velocity development of the turbulent boundary layer. The unsteadiness of separation shock waves was induced by both thermal bubbles and blast waves, and the thermal bubbles' effects were dominant. They would modify the compressibility of the boundary layer and enlarge the separation zone, which contributed to the separation shock wave's dispersion and movement.
Quantum Teleportation and Measurement-Based Quantum Computation
Authors: Asavanant Warit , Furusawa Akira
Published: January 2022

Quantum teleportation is the most basic quantum protocol that transfers quantum states between two parties via sharing of quantum entanglement, measurements, and feedforward operations. At first glance, quantum teleportation is simply an identity operation that does not change the quantum states. Quantum teleportation, however, forms the basis for a paradigm of quantum computation called measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC). In the first half of this chapter, we describe continuous-variable (CV) quantum teleportation. In the second half, we explain how to use quantum teleportation in MBQC. There are two important concepts regarding MBQC: cluster state and gate teleportation. Cluster state is a multipartite entangled state that can be used for CV quantum computation, given that we can implement appropriate measurements and feedforward operations on it. Gate teleportation, on the other hand, is a concept that we can “teleport” non-Gaussian operations on the resource state to the input state.
A 6-year study of mitigating koala roadkill during an upgrade of the Pacific Highway at Lindsay’s cutting, Coffs Harbour New South Wales
Authors: Lunney Daniel , Moon Chris , Sonawane Indrie , Predavec Martin , Rhodes Jonathan R.
Published: January 2022

This 6-year study aimed to monitor a local koala population and koala protection/mitigation measures before, during and after a major upgrade to the Pacific Highway at Lindsay’s cutting near Coffs Harbour in northern coastal New South Wales. This represents the scale of the individual koala interacting with traffic on a primary road within a well-studied Local Government Area for koalas. We also collected records of koala road injury and death from local wildlife carers. The principal findings were that, before the upgrade or any mitigation provisions, koalas were regularly killed on this 1 km stretch of highway flanked by primary koala habitat (26 records 1991–97). Koala exclusion fences largely eliminated the roadkill here, but the benefits were highly localised. Koalas made occasional use of a wildlife underpass below the highway. Two problems were identified: a farm gate left open in the fence allowed koalas onto the highway, and koalas could walk around the fence ends onto the highway. On the positive side, we have shown the value of local-scale research and mitigation, such as koala exclusion fences, and the value of examining the koala population of the surrounding area to assess the effectiveness of this mitigation at a larger scale.
Bringing back the endangered bridled nail-tailed wallaby at Taunton National Park (Scientific) through effective predator control
Authors: Augusteyn John , McCarthy Michael A. , Robley Alan , Pople Anthony , Nolan Barry , Hemson Graham , Melzer Rhonda , Richards Samuel , Dinwoodie Andrew
Published: January 2022

Abstract Context Feral cats (Felis catus), wild dogs/dingoes (Canis familiaris) and foxes (Vulpes vulpes) are predators of the endangered bridled nail-tailed wallaby (BNTW; Onychogalea frenata). Predator-proof fencing is advocated as a solution to ensure their conservation in the wild. Aims The aims of this study were to determine whether predator control translated into a reduction in their activity, find evidence of cats preying on BNTWs and understand factors that influence changes in the BNTW population size living in an unfenced reserve, particularly focusing on the influence of cat and dog control and rainfall. Methods An activity index, calculated using spoor on sand pads and images on remote cameras, was undertaken to monitor predator activity. The stomach contents of cats caught were examined to determine how commonly BNTWs feature as a prey item. The size of the BNTW population and annual survival of individuals was assessed through annual capture–mark–recapture (CMR) surveys and vehicle spotlight counts. Rainfall was measured at the study site and using data from the Bureau of Meteorology. Key results The core BNTW population estimated by CMR data increased by 214% over 4 years (2013–2017), to 400 individuals in 2017, whereas spotlight data indicated that the population had increased by 262% over 8 years (2012–2020), to 1265 individuals in 2020. The percentage of small (≤3.5 kg) BNTWs caught increased substantially over the study period. There was no detectable difference in cat or dog activity following control and no correlation was found among predator activity, rainfall and BNTW survival. The remains of BNTWs were found in 20% of cats removed from the core BNTW area. Conclusions The study confirmed that cats frequently ate BNTWs, and a combination of control methods is required to manage the threat, but there was no statistical support for a relationship between predator activity and BNTW survival. Implications The study found that native species conservation in fox-free environments is possible without the need for predator-proof fences and the ongoing maintenance costs.
High-speed atomic force microscopy reveals a three-state elevator mechanism in the citrate transporter CitS
Authors: Maity Sourav , Trinco Gianluca , Buzón Pedro , Anshari Zaid R. , Kodera Noriyuki , Ngo Kien Xuan , Ando Toshio , Slotboom Dirk J. , Roos Wouter H.
Published: January 2022

Significance

As cellular membranes are impermeable to most molecules, transporter proteins are typically present in the membrane to transport small molecules in or out of the cell. Due to the small, nanometer size of these transporters, it is challenging to study their transport mechanism. Here, we use advanced microscopy approaches to study in real time and at the single-molecule level the mode of action of the dimeric CitS tranpsorter. Using high-speed atomic force microscopy, we visualize the dynamic, elevator-like movement of the transporter, and we reveal that the two protomers move independently. We also discovered an intermediate state, reminiscent of another, unrelated transporter, indicating that independent evolutionary pathways have led to similar three-state elevator mechanisms.
The potential of sound picturebooks as multimodal narratives
Authors: Reyes-Torres Agustín , Portalés-Raga Matilde , Torres-Mañá Clara
Published: January 2022

In this article, we study how Sound Picturebooks constitute a multimodal narrative that enables students to develop their literacy, not only in terms of basic reading and writing skills, but also as a multidimensional interaction with other forms of representation such as images, sounds and actions. In line with the aims of the Pedagogy of Multiliteracies (New London Group 1996), we select and analyze fifteen Sound Picturebooks whose features allows us to implement the Learning by Design tenets and the four pedagogical components of the Knowledge Processes Framework: experiencing, conceptualizing, analyzing and applying. The goal is to foster basic multimodal literacies – literary, linguistic, visual and musical – and provide learners with the opportunity to construct meaning as a dynamic process of transformation and creative inquiry. Specifically, we explore the auditory features that these Sound Picturebooks contain and the extent to which the themes conveyed in the stories can be connected with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals for the further discussion of social concerns. Our analyzes show that such multimodal narratives integrate crucial features to cultivate and broaden students’ multiliteracies in the classroom.
Developing ELF research for critical language education
Authors: Cogo Alessia , Fang Fan , Kordia Stefania , Sifakis Nicos , Siqueira Sávio
Published: January 2022

Research in English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), that is the medium of communication between people who come from
different linguacultural backgrounds, has created a rich body of work in various areas. This article focuses on a more recent
development of this research for teachers and teacher educators in the perspective of critical language education (CLE). We
explore how ELF research, both the linguistic/discourse-oriented one and the pedagogic-oriented one, can benefit from its links to
CLE, with its understanding of teaching for social change. We then refer to aspects of critical transformative theory that become
relevant in designing and implementing ELF-aware teacher education programmes, focusing especially on three recursive (non-linear)
components, i.e. the phase of exposure, the phase of critical awareness and the phase of development of actions that teachers can
implement in their teaching. We finish by exploring the critical role of assessment in language education and conclude by inviting
teachers and educators to become involved in ELF research for CLE.
Can metacognition bring in the ingredients requisite for L2 listening success?
Authors: Mart Çağrı Tuğrul
Published: January 2022

Metacognition has emerged as one of the most preeminent constructs of cognitive research. The core premise of embracing metacognition lies in its underlying potential to regulate, monitor, and plan the process of learning. Metacognitively aware learners empower their zealous in their pursuits of exhibiting more accomplished performance and guide their attempts towards higher proficiency gains in language learning. In addition, encouraging role of metacognition leads to witnessing sufficiently sophisticated advanced-level L2 listening proficiency. This paper attempts to explore whether metacognition has the potential power to bring in the ingredients for notable improvement in listening success. It would appear that metacognition has a number of concrete effects for the occurrence of high levels of L2 listening mastery.
Partitive genitive constructions and agreement variations in Latvian
Authors: Kalnača Andra , Lokmane Ilze
Published: January 2022

The article takes a closer look at the partitive genitive constructions in Latvian, their structure, semantics, and syntactic functions. With the help of a corpus analysis, an attempt has been made to find out what determines gender and number agreement variations between the partitive genitive constructions in subject position and the predicate, if it comprises a declinable participle. Attention was paid to such features as subject animacy, voice of the predicate, word order (SV / VS), quantifier lexeme and grammatical number of the genitive. 320 examples with partitive genitive constructions were selected from The Balanced Corpus of Modern Latvian LVK2018, including such quantifier lexemes as daļa ‘part’, skaits ‘number’, vairums ‘quantity’, vairākums ‘majority’, puse ‘half’, daudzums ‘amount / quantity’, lērums ‘bagful’, simts ‘hundred’, tūkstotis ‘thousand’, daudz ‘much/many’, maz ‘little / few’. The best results are given by the combination of values ‘animate’, ‘active’ and ‘SV’, in which 93.24% of the examples are partitive genitive agreement. Data analyzed so far suggest that quantifiers involving the semantic element of partitivity (e.g., daļa ‘part’) favor partitive genitive agreement, whereas quantifiers lacking this semantic element favor quantifier agreement. This is an exploratory quantitative study on agreement tendencies in Latvian.
Towards exploring features of Hamiltonian renormalisation relevant for quantum gravity
Authors: Bahr Benjamin , Liegener Klaus
Published: January 2022

We consider the Hamiltonian renormalisation group (RG) flow of discretised one-dimensional physical theories. In particular, we investigate the influence the choice of different embedding maps has on the RG flow and the resulting continuum limit, and show in which sense they are, and in which sense they are not equivalent as physical theories. We are furthermore elucidating on the interplay of the RG flow and the algebras which operators satisfy, both on the discrete and the continuum. Further, we propose preferred renormalisation prescriptions for operator algebras guaranteeing to arrive at preferred algebraic relations in the continuum, if suitable extension properties are assumed. Finally, we introduce a weaker form of distributional equivalence, and show how unitarily inequivalent continuum limits, which arise due to a choice of different embedding maps, can still be weakly equivalent in that sense. We expect these results to have application in defining an RG flow in loop quantum gravity.
A relativistic mass dipole gravitational theory and its connections with AQUAL
Authors: Penner A Raymond
Published: January 2022

It will be shown that a gravitational theory based on there being an additional contribution to the gravitational field from mass dipoles leads to the same field equation that arises from the AQUAL formulation of MOND. However, unlike AQUAL, the mass dipole theory does not require a modification of Newtonian gravitational theory. In addition, both SR and linearized GR field equations will be derived for the mass dipole and AQUAL gravitational theories.