bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Existential Perspectives on Death Anxiety
Authors: Beshai J. A. , Naboulsi Mohamed A.
Published: September 2010

Construct validity is the hallmark of Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (1970), which has generated a healthy stream of research of paramount importance in the USA and all over the world. This paper contends that scores on this scale provide valuable scientific knowledge on group norms. To expand the concept of death anxiety it is necessary to supplement empirical with qualitative research. Persons with the same scores may show qualitatively different fears of death, and vice versa. Total reliance on empirical scales may not disclose the depth of bipolar meaning in a “life-death anxiety.” Templer's scale is a mixture of fears, phobias, and obsessions with thoughts of illness, cancer, heart disease, and wars. A bipolar “life-death anxiety” continuum requires phenomenology to reach beyond the 15 items to the process of “experiencing.” The scale addresses “thoughts” about the death of others even though its items are cast in the first person singular. This provides group norms of a “cognitive-affective” construct, with limited generality cross-culturally. Means do not disclose fully meaningful comparisons between persons or cultures. Death Anxiety as an existential anticipatory mode of “being-in-the-world” is embedded in a personal/genetic/cultural matrix that may vary individually and culturally.
Teachers' Knowledge of Facts and Myths about Suicide
Authors: MacDonald Michael G.
Published: September 2010

Suicidal behavior is a serious public health concern that has prompted the development of prevention strategies, which include increasing community members' knowledge about suicide. Given that teachers are in a key position to recognize and respond to suicidal behavior, this study examined teachers' knowledge about suicide to identify how they need to be educated relative to its prevention. 82 Canadian school teachers from middle and high schools were administered a revised version of the 32-item Facts on Suicide Quiz to examine their knowledge of suicide. Analysis indicated that general information about suicide was limited, while knowledge of clinically relevant information about suicide, e.g., “Suicide rarely happens without warning,” was relatively high.
Evidence for Aging as the Cause of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Charter Richard A. , Alekoumbides Apostolos
Published: September 2010

Part 1 presents the results of a meta-analytic study on the effects of aging on intelligence. Analysis of a total of 20 longitudinal samples shows that most of the intelligence scores rose before the age of 50 and fell at a progressively increasing rate after the age of 50. An equation describing this rise and fall in intelligence was derived. Part 2 shows the relationship between the predicted prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (from the equation derived in Part 1) and the prevalence of the disease obtained from 10 studies. The predictive curve fit so well with the observed prevalence data that the results can be interpreted as evidence that Alzheimer's is a manifestation of aging.
Sex Differences in Severity of Suicidal Behavior in an Iranian Sample
Authors: Lester David
Published: September 2010

A nonsignificant tendency was found for 48 females in Iran to make more serious suicide attempts using opium than did 152 males.
Moderation of Automatic Achievement Goals by Conscious Monitoring
Authors: Oikawa Masanori
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study was to test the assumption that nonconscious goal pursuit guides behavior more efficiently and produces better performance, only when the conscious monitoring of the task is low. Some studies have documented that goals can be activated and guide behaviors outside of awareness. 66 students, 22 men and 44 women with a mean age of 18.3 yr. ( SD = 0.9) years, were randomly assigned to Achievement Goal Priming or Neutral Priming conditions. In the Achievement Goal Priming condition, concepts associated with high performance were activated outside of their awareness via a scrambled sentence task. All participants were then given a calculation task to complete. To manipulate conscious monitoring, half of the participants were presented the task as a fun filler task, and the rest were presented the task as a measure of ability and were encouraged to monitor their performance on the task consciously. Analysis showed, among participants who were presented the task as a fun filler task, the Achievement Goal Priming group completed more tasks relative to the Neutral Priming group. Those who were encouraged to monitor their performance consciously did not benefit from Achievement Goal priming. The results implied that consciously monitored behavior might be counterproductive.
Marital Satisfaction and Relational Attachment in a Sample of Newly Married Couples
Authors: Bowman Ashley D. , Sutton Geoffrey W.
Published: September 2010

The purpose was to investigate possible correlates [perception of parental marital satisfaction (Relationship Assessment Scale), marital status of parents, participation in marital enrichment, current stress, and sex] of marital satisfaction (Kansas Marital Satisfaction Scale) and relational attachment (Revised Adult Attachment Scale). 71 young couples ( M age = 25.3 yr., SD = 3.2) in their first ten years of marriage completed the measures. Backward regression analysis indicated that marital status of parents, participation in marital enrichment, current stress, and sex accounted for a significant portion of the variance for the Anxiety subscale of the Revised Adult Attachment Scale. None of the models significantly accounted for the variance on the measure of marital satisfaction.
Faith Maturity and Doctrinal Orthodoxy: A Validity Study of the Faith Maturity Scale
Authors: Ji Chang-Ho C.
Published: September 2010

This study investigated the factor structure of the 12-item Faith Maturity Scale and the association of Protestant Faith Maturity and Doctrinal Orthodoxy. The sample was taken from 207 urban evangelical church members in southern California. Analysis indicated the Faith Maturity Scale incorporates two factors and Faith Maturity has a weak, positive association with Doctrinal Orthodoxy as tapped by the Christian Doctrinal Orthodoxy Scale. Protestant faith maturity seems to be more independent of doctrinal orthodoxy than generally thought.
Suicide Attempt History, Self-Esteem, and Suicide Risk in a Sample of 116 Depressed Voluntary Inpatients
Authors: Palmer Charles James
Published: September 2010

116 consecutively admitted depressed inpatients were divided into three groups based on self-reported history of suicidal ideation and history of suicide attempt. Participants in Group 1 ( M age 34.0, SD = 14.0), 13 men and 24 women, reported no history of suicidal ideation or history of suicide attempt. Group 2 ( M age 34.0, SD = 8.6), 14 men and 25 women, reported having a history of suicidal ideation but no history of suicide attempt. Group 3 ( M age 34.0 yr., SD = 6.3), 14 men and 26 women, reported a history of suicidal ideation and at least one suicide attempt. Each participant completed the Suicide Risk Scale and the Self-esteem Scale. Analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc comparisons yielded a significant difference between Groups 1 and 2, between Groups 1 and 3, and between Groups 2 and 3 on the Suicide Risk Scale. There was a significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 and between Group 1 and Group 3 on the Self-esteem Scale. These data indicated that suicide ideation and suicide attempt history significantly elevated suicide risk. Self-esteem was significantly decreased by suicide ideation and suicide attempt history.
Myths about Suicide on the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire: An Attempt to Derive a Scale
Authors: Lester David , McIntosh John , Rogers James R.
Published: September 2010

A scale to measure myths about suicide was derived from Domino's Suicide Opinion Questionnaire, but the scale had poor reliability.
Correlates of Credit Card Ownership in Men and Women
Authors: Yang Bijou , Lester David
Published: September 2010

In a sample of 352 students, correlates of credit card ownership differed by sex. For both men and women, credit card ownership was predicted by their affective attitude toward credit cards. However, whereas for men concern with money as a tactic for gaining power predicted credit card ownership, for women feelings of insecurity about having sufficient money and having a conservative approach to money predicted credit card ownership.
Career Stage and Police Cynicism
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Mikkelsen Aslaug
Published: September 2010

This study examined the relationship of police tenure and career stage and cynicism among 766 Norwegian constables and managers. Constables with less tenure and in an early career stage, but not managers, scored lower on cynicism.
Addendum to Concerns about Professional Schools
Authors: Templer Donald I.
Published: September 2010

The present research adds to the October 2004 comments in the American Psychologist of Templer and Arikawa who reported that traditional clinical psychology graduate students had greatly higher mean GRE scores than professional school students. The traditional and professional students had mean undergraduate GPAs of 3.62 ( SD = .13) and 3.36 ( SD = .14), respectively. The mean respective percentages of applicants to 148 traditional and 50 professional programs accepted were 10.4 CSD = 9.5) and 44.4 ( SD =19.5), respectively.
Comment on McCall, Trombetta, and Gipe's 2004 Proposed Impression Management Explanation for the Credit Card Effect
Authors: Spangenberg Eric R.
Published: September 2010

There is a dearth of empirically supported theoretical explanation since its introduction; Feinberg's 1986 credit card effect showed greater product valuations and donation intentions by experimental participants when asked to make such estimates in the presence of credit card stimuli. This comment on McCall, Trombetta, and Gipe (2004) notes potential flaws and adjudged over-interpretation of results in their attempt to replicate successfully and derive theoretical explanation for the credit card effect.
Validity and Reliability of the Audit and Cage-Aid in Northern Plains American Indians
Authors: Leonardson Gary R. , Ness Frederick K. , Daniels Mark C. , Kemper Erica , Koplin Brett A. , Leonardson Greg A.
Published: September 2010

According to the Indian Health Service, substance abuse and Type 2 diabetes are serious problems among Native Americans. To assess substance use in a medical setting, valid screening tests are needed so the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), a simple brief screen for excessive drinking, and the CAGE-adapted to Include Drugs (CAGE-AID) for identifying primary care patients with alcohol and drug disorders were given 50 Northern Plains American Indians with diabetes. Both are short, easy to administer, have good sensitivity and specificity, and can be easily incorporated into a medical history protocol or intake procedure. Reliability coefficients were above .90 and appeared to have sufficient concurrent and divergent validity indicated by moderate correlations with the General Well-being Schedule ( rs = –.39 and –.36), the Family-Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, & Resolve ( r = –.47 and –.36), and the Beck Depression Inventory-II ( r = .36 and .29).
Long Term Symptoms and Limitations of Activity of People with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Ten-Year Follow-up
Authors: O'Connor C. , Colantonio A. , Polatajko H.
Published: September 2010

This study examined the effect of Traumatic Brain Injury 10 years post-injury. Frequencies of head injury symptoms and activity limitation by level of severity were measured in a consecutive series of 61 adults who were admitted to a tertiary-care center for traumatic brain injury. Irritability and Anxiety were the most frequently reported symptoms from the Head Injury Symptom Checklist. Bothered by noise and Bothered by light were the least frequently reported. Trouble hearing what is said in a group conversation and Trouble hearing what is said in a one-to-one conversation were the most commonly reported limitations of activity from the Health and Activity Limitations Survey. Overall, this study illustrates that symptoms remain many years following brain injury, irrespective of the injury's severity.
Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Scales and Paper-And-Pencil Tests Related to Creativity
Authors: Schuldberg David
Published: September 2010

Pearson correlations for scores on scales of the 1975 version of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire with measures of schizotypy, hypomania, and creative traits are reported for 625 undergraduates. The Psychoticism scores are correlated .30 with Hypomanic traits, .25 with Perceptual Aberration, and .20 with the How Do You Think, a test of attitudes and activities related to creativity. Extraversion is also related to creativity-relevant scores. Results support a broad and nonspecific role for the Psychoticism scale in relation to both creativity and subclinical symptomatology.
Short Form of Sarason's Social Support Questionnaire: French Adaptation and Validation
Authors: Rascle Nicole , Bruchon-Schweitzer Marilou , Sarason Irwin G.
Published: September 2010

The original short form of Sarason's Social Support Questionnaire measures two dimensions of social support, availability and satisfaction. The factorial structure of the social support was assessed in a French sample along with the association between the dimensions of social support and personality traits such as Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Depression. A 6-item French version was administered to 648 subjects: 348 university freshmen (228 females, 120 males) and 304 unemployed men. A principal component analysis followed by oblique rotations was undertaken on each sample. This yielded two factors, Availability and Satisfaction. These results sustained the stability of the factorial structure from one culture to another. Validity and reliability were satisfactory. Moreover, these two dimensions were correlated with two personality scales (high extraversion, low depression). Such results agree with previous results establishing relations between social support and salutogenic dimensions of personality.
Relation of Urinary Incontinence, Menopausal Symptoms, and Life Satisfaction in Middle-Age Korean Women
Authors: Lim Hyun-Ja , Lee Myung-Suk , Lee Myeong Soo
Published: September 2010

Associations of urinary incontinence, menopausal symptoms and life satisfaction of 235 middle-age Korean women (40 to 59 years) were investigated, based on responses to a self-report questionnaire. Urinary incontinence was positively correlated with menopausal symptoms ( r = .24) and negatively correlated with life satisfaction ( r = –.11). Life satisfaction was negatively correlated with menopausal symptoms ( r = –.28). All rs indicate weak associations and account for small common variables. Even so, results suggest effective treatment of urinary incontinence and menopausal symptoms could enhance life satisfaction through promoting healthy behavior and emotional health in such middle-age women.
Sensation Seeking and the Use and Selection of Media Materials
Authors: Hall Alice
Published: September 2010

175 individuals recruited from urban universities ( n = 82) and the surrounding community (120 women, 55 men; 82 18- to 25-yr.-olds, 26 26- to 34-yr.-olds, 44 35- to 50-yr.-olds, 23 50 yr. old or over) completed a sensation seeking scale and measures of the frequency with which they used specific media and selected specific television programming, film, and music genres. Regression analyses showed Sensation Seeking to be associated positively with Movie Theatre Attendance and with the Selection of Urban Music Genres. Sensation Seeking was also associated negatively with Selection of Light Film Genres.
Sample Homogeneity and Coefficient Alpha: Comment on Mji and Alkhateeb's Reliability Generalization Study and a Theoretical Clarification
Authors: Henson Robin K.
Published: September 2010

Reliability generalization studies are increasingly frequently reported in the literature, including Mji and Alkhateeb's 2005 study of the Conceptions of Mathematics Questionnaire. The present article comments on an issue of reliability generalization as used in that study and clarifies a theoretical point regarding the meaning of coefficient alpha and what data features tend to influence it as a measure of score reliability.
Evaluating Psychometric Properties of Farsi Version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale
Authors: Besharat Mohammad Ali
Published: September 2010

This study examined the psychometric properties of the Farsi version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale. Two samples of 97 (56 women, 41 men) and 115 (67 women, 48 men) undergraduate students at the University of Tehran participated. Findings supported the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and factor structure of the Farsi version. Factor analysis provided evidence for two dimensions of perfectionism, Positive and Negative perfectionism. The two dimensions had significant negative and positive correlations, respectively, with measures of psychological distress and health, respectively. The Farsi version of the Positive and Negative Perfectionism Scale presented good psychometric properties for use in research.
Are Employees' Ratings of Coworkers' Organizational Citizenship Behavior Influenced by Their Own Perceptions of Organizational Justice?
Authors: Aşcigil Semra F. , Magner Nace R. , Sönmez Yener
Published: September 2010

Partial correlation analysis of questionnaire data from 62 of 65 employees of a Turkish company indicated that employees' own perceptions of organizational justice in terms of distributive, procedural, and interactional justice were related to how they rated their coworkers' organizational citizenship behavior. Specifically, all three two-way interactions between the justice variables were related to organizational citizenship behavior.
Effect of Arousal and Retention Delay on Memory: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Park Jaihyun
Published: September 2010

Two meta-analyses were conducted to examine the magnitude of the interaction between arousal and retention delay on various types of memory, e.g., verbal, visual, etc., as initially reported by Kleinsmith and Kaplan in 1963 and 1964. Results of the first meta-analysis (29 studies, N = 2,637) indicated that the interaction was robust ( d = .779), with low arousal leading to better immediate memory than high arousal, whereas high arousal led to better delayed memory than low arousal. Incorporating additional studies, a subsequent meta-analysis (48 studies, N = 3,143) on the effect of arousal on memory, taking retention delay as a moderator, provided further support. At a 2-min. delay, low arousal led to better immediate memory than high arousal ( d = –.459). This difference decreased at a 20-min. delay ( d = .106), when directions of high and low arousal effects on memory appeared to reverse. At longer delays than 20 min., high arousal led to better delayed memory than low arousal ( ds = .753, .219, and .472, for delays of 45-min., 1-day, and more than 1-day, respectively).
Relations among Measures of Trait Empathy, Empathetic Response, and Willingness to Get Involved in Customer-Contact Situations
Authors: Su Hung-Jen , Lee Sanghyun , Ding Jing , Comer Lucette B.
Published: September 2010

This study examined anticipated reactions to nonroutine occurrences in the context of emotionally laden customer-contact situations in retail stores. Correlations between measures of the dimensions of trait empathy, anticipated emotional responses to the situations, and self-rated willingness to be involved were examined. Anticipated Compassion mediated the relation of Empathetic Concern on Involvement Willingness in 3 of 4 imaginary compassion-evoking situations. No corresponding effect was observed for Anticipated Distress in the imaginary distress-evoking situations.
Psychosocial Adaptation to Spinal Cord Injury: A Dimensional Perspective
Authors: Livneh Hanoch , Martz Erin
Published: September 2010

From 313 individuals who sustained spinal cord injuries self-reported responses were examined on their psychosocial adaptation to disability and perceived quality of life. A multidimensional scaling analysis yielded a 2-dimensional structure of adaptation. The first dimension indicated adaptive versus nonadaptive reactions. The second dimension was suggestive of denial versus realization of the affect related to the medical impairment.
Clinical Utility and Validation of the Couple's Communicative Evaluation Scale
Authors: West Craig E.
Published: September 2010

This study assessed the validity and clinical utility of a new test, the Couple's Communicative Evaluation Scale. With 24 couples from a variety of resources, e.g., churches, newspaper, and colleges, a discriminant analysis using the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, indicated that satisfied couples could be discriminated from dissatisfied couples with 91–96% accuracy. Significant differences on the scale were found for means between 7 distressed and 16 nondistressed couples using the satisfaction/dissatisfaction cutoff score of 200 on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale and significant differences on the individual scales were found for means between 16 distressed and 31 nondistressed individuals using the satisfaction/dissatisfaction cutoff score of 100 on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale. Demographic variables, e.g., age, marriage length, were statistically significant. Scale scores were highly correlated with those on the Dyadic Adjustment Scale, indicating good validity. Using all 400 items, an alpha of .99 indicated good internal consistency for the verbal, nonverbal, and listening communication scores.
Limitations of Semantic Priming Procedures for Automatic Goal Activation
Authors: Nelissen R. M. A. , Dijker A. J. M. , de Vries N. K.
Published: September 2010

According to the auto-motive model, behavioral goals can be automatically activated by situational cues and may subsequently guide behavior without individual awarness. Semantic priming has become a popular paradigm for investigating effects of automatic goal activation. Nevertheless, a critical assumption of the model, i.e., that goals can be activated by semantic primes related to situational features associated with the goal, is often assumed rather than tested in experiments using semantic priming procedures. Results of four studies testing the potential of such a prime for goal activation by assessing emotional responses, subjective goal importance, behavioral intentions, and enhanced perception of goal-related stimuli do not support this assumption. The implications of these findings and a critical evaluation of results of other studies are discussed in terms of possible limitations of semantic priming procedures for testing hypotheses derived from the auto-motive model.
Age Effects in Perception of Time
Authors: Wittmann Marc , Lehnhoff Sandra
Published: September 2010

Despite the widespread belief that the subjective speed of the passage of time increases with age, empirical results are controversial. In this study, a combination of questionnaires was employed to assess subjective time perception by 499 subjects, ages 14 to 94 years. Pearson correlations and nonlinear regression analyses on a variety of questionnaires and the age of the participants show that the momentary perception of the passage of time and the retrospective judgment of past periods of time are a function of chronological age; however, small-to-moderate effects accounted for at most 10% of the variance. Results generally support the widespread perception that the passage of time speeds up with age. These results are discussed in the context of models of prospective and retrospective time judgment, but interpretations have to be treated with caution given methodological limitations.
Perceived Corporate Ethical Values and Individual Cynicism of Working Students
Authors: Valentine Sean , Elias Rafik Z.
Published: September 2010

This study explored a proposed relationship between the corporate ethical values and cynicism of 195 working students. Analysis indicated students' perceived ethical values were negatively related to individual cynicism after accounting for several variables.
Time Perspective as a Potential Tool for Psychotherapeutic Intervention
Authors: Konefal Janet , Duncan Robert , Meub Wolfgang , Winfield David
Published: September 2010

This pilot study shows (1) similarities among adults in the patterns of organization of the past, present, and future based upon individual imagery and spatial representation of their personal perspective of their lives and (2) a relationship between perceived health and future-orientation, i.e., how far into their future a person imagines self still to be alive. The data support the concept of a personal spatial representation of past, present, and future (a timeline) and sets the foundation for the development of psychological interventions based on this representation for 50 participants (23 men and 27 women). When asked to visualize their personal timelines, subjects indicated a general pattern of their future spatially located to the right and in front of themselves; their past was generally located to the left or behind. The distance into the future seen by participants initially ( M ± SE) were 8 ± 2.3 yr., 16 ± 2.8 yr., and 27 ± 5.5 yr. for the self-reported health status of “poor”, “good”, and “excellent”, respectively ( p <.05). Research must firmly establish general patterns of spatial representations of time (timeliness) across cultures, age, race, and beliefs, and explore implications for treatment.
Teachers' Conceptions of Assessment: Validation of an Abridged Version
Authors: Brown Gavin T. L.
Published: September 2010

Psychometric characteristics of the abridged Teachers' Conceptions of Assessment-III are reported. Data are from a study of 525 New Zealand primary school teachers and from a second study of 692 Queensland primary school teachers. The abridged version of 27 statements using a positively packed response scale had good fit characteristics for primary teachers in both New Zealand (χ3112 = 841.02; RMSEA = .057; TLI = .87) and Queensland (χ3112 = 1492.61; RMSEA = .074; TLI = .80). While providing information of similar quality to that of the original the abridged version is more efficient than the full scale.
On Structure of Trauma-Related Stress Reactions among People with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Livneh Hanoch , Martz Erin
Published: September 2010

The factorial structure of trauma-related stress reactions was explored using the Purdue Posttraumatic Stress Disorder revised scale, in a sample of 106 adults with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. An exploratory factor analysis yielded 2 factors, (a) arousal and passive cognitive-affective avoidance reactions and (b) re-experiencing and active avoidance reactions. The 2-factor structure, however, may also be reflective of the scale format which limits its interpretative power.
Factor Analysis to Examine Psychometric Properties of Family Functioning Measures
Authors: Bellamy Nikki , Matthew Resa F. , Wang Min Qi
Published: September 2010

To assess the relationship of family functioning to problem behaviors and alcohol and drug use among youth, researchers must test the effects of interventions using suitably constructed and psychometrically sound scales. This study evaluated whether originally calculated coefficients alpha underestimate the reliability of the family functioning measures given. Through exploratory factor analysis, estimates of alternative internal consistency reliability which might improve the estimate of reliability were examined. Responses of 755 adults from Strengthening Multi-ethnic Families and Communities were analyzed. Coefficients alpha for two scales were modest (α =.68 and α =.75), and factor analysis indicated that the scales were multidimensional. After exploratory factor analysis, the reassessment of reliability based on the extracted factors indicated an overall increase in the coefficients alpha.
Anxiety and Depression in Greek Nursing and Medical Personnel
Authors: Tselebis Athanassios , Gournas Georgios , Tzitzanidou Georgia , Panagiotou Aspasia , Ilias Ioannis
Published: September 2010

The relatively low number of nurses compared to physicians in Greece and the few available studies on the psychological problems of the health professionals led to comparison of anxiety and depression for 76 Greek nursing personnel (20 men, M age: 32.8 yr., SD: 3.8 yr., and 56 women, M age: 36.6 yr., SD: 7.7 yr.) and 66 doctors (35 men, M age: 35.9 yr., SD: 8.9 yr. and 31 women, M age: 32.7 yr., SD: 8.1 yr.) using validated translations of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Beck Depression Inventory. Male nurses had the lowest scores on trait anxiety, while female doctors had the highest scores, followed by female nurses. Depression scores were not different between doctors and nurses, regardless of sex. Age and depression scores were positively correlated (Spearman ρ = .31) only for the female nurses. The findings suggest that interventions for diagnosis and stress management in the health-care workplace should be equally targeted for nursing and medical personnel.
Relations of College Students' Attitudes toward Prevention of HIV and Aids
Authors: Torabi Mohammad R. , Thiagarajah Krisha
Published: September 2010

This study investigated current attitudes towards HIV prevention in a sample of 1,061 college students enrolled at a midwestern university. The survey was a self-administered set of 8 demographic questions and 15 questions about attitudes. The findings indicated sex difference in overall attitudes, with females having more positive attitudes than male peers with regard to HIV prevention. Also, analysis of variance indicated ethnicity was related to overall attitudes toward HIV prevention. It appears that education which might reduce the prevalence of HIV infection should consider programs specific to sex and ethnicity.
Trauma History and Severity of Gambling Involvement among Horse-Race Gamblers in a South African Gambling Setting
Authors: Peltzer Karl , Mabilu M. G. , Mathoho S. F. , Nekhwevha A. P. , Sikhwivhilu T. , Sinthumule T. S.
Published: September 2010

The purpose of this study was to ascertain the frequency of gambling involvement and the prevalence of problem gambling among horse race gamblers and to discover whether problem gambling in this sample is associated with a history of trauma. Among a sample of 266 South African horse-race gamblers (94% men and 6% women, M age 46.8 yr., SD = 13.9, range 18–85 years), 31.2% were classified as probable pathological gamblers and 19.9% with problem gambling. Major weekly gambling activities included racetrack betting (82%), purchase of lottery tickets or scratch tickets (35%), purchase of sports lottery tickets (23%), and using casino type games (18%). Trauma history was significantly associated with gambling severity.
Development of a Japanese Version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children
Authors: Yamasaki Katsuyuki , Katsuma Risa , Sakai Akiko
Published: September 2010

In this paper, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children originally developed in 1999 by Laurent, et al. was adapted for use in Japan. In Study 1, a total of 763 children in Grades 4 to 6 completed this Schedule, and 103 of them completed it again about three months later. Principal factor analysis with promax rotation identified two factors, positive and negative affect, in the Japanese version, whose alphas (over .80) and test-retest correlations (over .50) were sufficient to indicate internal consistency and stability over time. In Study 2, a total of 328 children completed the Japanese version, the Depression Self-rating Scale for Children, and the Trait Form of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Intercorrelations showed convergent and discriminant validity using these self-report measures of depression and anxiety. Overall these data support the reliability and validity of this Japanese version.
Eighteen Month Test-Retest Stability of the Youth Self Report in a Sample of Catalonian Adolescents
Authors: Kirchner Teresa , Forns Maria , Amador Juan Antonio
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study is to assess the test-retest stability of the Spanish version of Youth Self Report after 18 mo. for a sample of 357 Catalonian high school students (158 boys and 199 girls). At Time 2 the girls' scores increased on Delinquent and Aggressive Behavior scales and, therefore on Externalizing scores. At Time 2 the boys' scores increased on Attention Problems and Delinquent Behavior and decreased on Anxious/Depressed, Social Problems, and Internalizing scales. Significant differences in the remaining scales were not observed. The test-retest intraclass correlations for the broad-band scales ranged between .62 (Internalizing) and .68 (Externalizing) and for the narrow-band scales between .37 and .67. The correlations for girls and boys were similar but slightly higher for girls on Anxious/Depressed and Thought Problems.
Association between Burnout and Anger in Oncology versus Ophthalmology Health Care Professionals
Authors: Muscatello M. R. A. , Bruno A. , Carroccio C. , Cedro C. , La Torre D. , Di Rosa A. E. , Zoccali R. , Aragona M. , La Torre F. , Mattei A. , Angelone A. M. , di Orio F.
Published: September 2010

The prevalence of burnout in oncology staff was compared with that of the ophthalmology staff, who normally present a low prevalence of burnout as described in this literature. The correlation of burnout with the emotion of anger was also investigated. Thirty-six subjects working in an oncology department and 32 working in an ophthalmology department were examined using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory. The oncology group showed higher mean scores on the MBI Emotive Exhaustion and Depersonalization scales with respect to ophthalmology staff. Correlation analysis showed that increasing burnout was associated with higher anger expressed towards the environment and loss of anger control. Anger, as a response to frustration, appears to be a feature constantly associated with the clinical expression of burnout and it should not be underestimated in theoretical and preventive contexts.
Development of Lead-210 Measurement in Peat Using Polonium Extraction. A Procedural Comparison
Authors: de Vleeschouwer François , Sikorski Jarosław , Fagel Nathalie
Published: September 2010

Two chemical treatments for lead-210 measurement were compared on the sub-surface samples of a core from an ombrotrophic bog from East Belgium. The classical procedure involves a concentrated acid extraction of polonium. However, this treatment represents substantial health risks together with unknowns regarding both the degree of cleanliness and the Po extraction rate, and most importantly, is rather time consuming. We developed here an improved procedure involving an ashing step prior to acid extraction. This allows substantial improvements such as: 1/ the use of a relatively small amount of acid compared to the classical procedure and 2/ the substantial reduction of a total sample digestion time. Measurements of 210Pb concentrations were conducted by alpha spectrometry. Results show a good agreement of unsupported 210Pb activity obtained for both procedures, although some unknowns remain concerning the adsorption of 210Po on the plastic test tube, the volatilization of a small amount of ash, or the absorption of alpha particle at the alpha source surface. This however should not affect the 210Pb measurement as all the samples are spiked prior to ashing (i.e. the recoveries are fully monitored). Through this study, we are suggesting researchers to follow this new procedure in order to increase safety, cleanliness, better recovery and substantial time gain.
Chronology Development and Climate Response Analysis of Schrenk Spruce (Picea Schrenkiana) Tree-Ring Parameters in the Urumqi River Basin, China
Authors: Chen Feng , Yuan Yujiang , Wei Wenshou , Yu Shulong , Li Yang , Zhang Ruibo , Zhang Tongwen , Shang Huaming
Published: September 2010

Seven different tree-ring parameters (total tree-ring width, earlywood width, latewood width, maximum latewood density, minimum earlywood density, average earlywood density, and average latewood density) were obtained from Schrenk spruce in the Urumqi River Basin, China. The chronologies were analyzed individually and then compared with each other. The relationships between the different tree-ring parameters and climate data (Daxigou) are also presented. Earlywood-related parameters (earlywood width, minimum density, and earlywood density) were more sensitive to climate than those of latewood. Temperature (July) was found to be the most strongly related to the earlywood density. Based on the results of climate response analysis, the potential of tree-ring chronologies from this species to provide climate reconstructions in the Urumqi River Basin has been established. This study demonstrates that the use of tree-ring density data can increase the climate information obtained from tree-ring and should lead to improved paleoclimate reconstructions in Central Asian.
Schoolchildren's Games - Purposeless Cooperation, Competition, Bullying?
Authors: Klusák Miroslav
Published: September 2010

Hry školních dětí - samoúčelná spolupráce, soutěž, šikana?
Teachers' Attitudes towards Early Tracking and Their Experiences with Pupils Transition to Selective "Multi-year gymnázia"
Authors: Greger David , Holubová Markéta
Published: September 2010

Postoje učitelů k časnému rozdělování žáků a jejich zkušenosti s přechodem žáků do víceletých gymnázií
Assessing a Revolution: Baudrillard, Unproductive Expenditure, and the Legacy of the 1960s
Authors: Raffel Stanley
Published: September 2010

This article seeks to develop the significance of the 1960s as a period of cultural revolution. Early Baudrillard is treated as the cultural revolution's equivalent to Marx. The idea of unproductive expenditure is seen as the era's central idea. having discussed, as does Baudrillard, typical 1960s' phenomena as examples of unproductive expenditure, the question of the eventual fate of the cultural revolution is explored. The article analyzes 1980s' and 1990s' phenomena as the unintended results of what the 1960s initiated. Finally, we suggest some positive lessons that can be utilized in contemporary debates if we are prepared to moderate typical 1960s extremism.
Practices of Reality: Demolition and Reconstruction of a Ghost-Village in Israel
Authors: Koensler Alexander
Published: September 2010

If knowledge is considered as incorporated in activities and events, a monolithic reality is no longer waiting to be uncovered, but multiple realities are coming into being through different sets of practices. In the Israeli negev desert, home demolition of unauthorized Arab-bedouin villages is a contested issue, enacting multiple and contradictory realities. The tents and shacks of el-Shams, for instance, have been demolished nearly ten times in one year by the Israeli police, but each time they have been reconstructed with the help of human rights activists. Surprisingly, and in contrast to nearly all circulating discourses, nobody ever lived in the demolished buildings - what at one level becomes a humanitarian catastrophe, at another becomes a “ghost village.”

Drawing on recent reflections on global ethnography, this article seeks to follow “zones of friction” and connections among people, money, discourses, and emotions that developed around this specific case: relations that range from solidarity activities to the discursive practices of journalists and dislocated officials of international organizations. On a more abstract level, the emerging contradictions between these levels reveal the implications of an uncritically reproduced idea of “local community.” I claim that by following such connections, we gain important insights into how transnational power relations are shaping multiple realities around a political conflict.
Comparison of the Original and Reduced Versions of the Berg Balance Scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index in Patients Following Hip or Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Jogi Pankaj , Spaulding Sandi J. , Zecevic Aleksandra A. , Overend Tom J. , Kramer John F.
Published: September 2010

Purpose: To compare the original and reduced versions of the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), as completed by patients following total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA), with respect to their potential utility in clinical and research settings.

Method: Patients with THA (n=26) or TKA (n=28) were evaluated before and after 5 to 7 weeks' participation in a home-based exercise programme. They were assessed using the original versions of the BBS and the WOMAC; scores for the reduced versions of the BBS and the WOMAC were extracted from the original versions.

Results: Good to excellent correlations (r≥0.80) were observed between the original and the reduced versions of the BBS and the WOMAC. The index of responsiveness, evaluated using standardized response means (SRM), was similar for the original and the reduced versions of the BBS and the WOMAC function sub-scale.

Conclusions: The reduced versions of the BBS and the WOMAC provided similar information to the original versions and were equally responsive. These reduced versions comprise fewer questions and may be completed in considerably less time, which suggests that they may be advantageous for clinical and research use.
Preliminary Development and Validation of a Paediatric Cardiopulmonary Physiotherapy Discharge Tool
Authors: Ellerton Cindy , Davis Aileen , Brooks Dina
Published: September 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a paediatric cardiopulmonary physiotherapy (CPT) discharge tool. We report on the initial stages of its development and the tool's sensibility (face/content validity, feasibility, and ease of usage).

Methods: Using a modified Delphi technique, a panel of paediatric physiotherapy clinicians and academic leaders in the area of CPT (n=25) was recruited. Four rounds of discussion among the members of the Delphi panel focused on (1) generation of discharge items, (2) reduction of items, (3) discussion of contentious items and refinement of criterion definitions, and (4) determination of scoring options for the test instrument. The sensibility of a draft of the tool was assessed using a sample of convenience (n=15).

Results: Six items (auscultation, discharge planning, mobility, oxygen saturation, secretion clearance, and signs of respiratory distress) were identified for inclusion in the tool. The global mean of all sensibility domains was 6.4 (median=6.6) of a possible 7.0.

Conclusion: Using a modified Delphi process, we developed a six-item paediatric CPT discharge planning tool with good face and content validity. Future work will determine the scoring method for using this tool, interrater reliability, and predictive validity to facilitate optimal timing of hospital discharge for paediatric CPT patients.
Male Counseling Psychologists in Academia: An Exploratory Study of Their Experience in Navigating Career and Family Demands
Authors: Duan Changming , Brown Chris , Keller Chad
Published: September 2010

Male counseling psychology faculty (N = 83) were surveyed regarding their perceptions and experiences of an academic career and their efforts in navigating family and work roles. Results of this exploratory investigation showed that the majority (77%) of the participants had no regrets about their decision to pursue a career in academia, and 60% believed that they would give priority to family if a conflict between work and family commitment occurred. Participants noted several challenges of academia, including difficulty meeting the demands of multiple roles, politics of academia, and achieving personal goals while meeting the work demands. Results also revealed participants' strategies for managing the challenges of academia and their likes and dislikes of an academic career.
“I'd Rather Be Doing Something Else:” Male Resistance to Rape Prevention Programs
Authors: Rich Marc D. , Utley Ebony A. , Janke Kelly , Moldoveanu Minodora
Published: September 2010

Although scholars have argued that sexual assault is a growing crisis on college campuses, there are few studies that highlight the ways in which college men communicate their feelings about sexual assault education. This pilot study fills that void by highlighting college male students' voices. Using open-ended questions and thematic analysis, the authors noted how respondents confirmed and contradicted earlier findings. The authors conclude by offering future directions for prevention educators and gender studies teacher-scholars.
Rythmes et irréversibilité dans les transformations du système de santé en France
Authors: de Pouvourville Gérard
Published: September 2010

The report on the future of the French health care system in 2020 is one of the most accomplished prospective studies to have been conducted in our country. It simultaneously considers the demographic, economic, sociological, technological and geographical dimensions. This report is a plea for a regional organization to manage the health care system and proposes major innovations in the regulation of the demography of all health care professions, by setting up a mechanism to co-ordinate human resources management at the national level. However, this report calls for further consideration of the dynamics of change within the system since the rates of change of the dimensions explored by the report vary. These differentiated rates of change will strongly structure the final outcome of their interactions, a few examples of which are given in this article. Moreover, the report does not take into account the system's current inertia, in particular the impact of current methods of regulation which, by creating irreversibility, are already profoundly shaping the future. Thus, a plea is made for the development of scenarios which juxtapose possible future developments by contrasting the following two dynamics: irreversibility induced by maintaining current regulations and discrepancies induced by fundamental trends interlinking with superficial trends. The article poses a fundamental question which can be applied to an examination of the evolution of any system, i. e. the relative dynamic of evolution of its subparts.
Le processus d’évolution vers l’incapacité dans la démence
Authors: Barberger-Gateau Pascale , Fabrigoule Colette , Dartigues Jean-François
Published: September 2010

The disablement process model (Verbrugge and Jette [ 1994]) can help to better understand and manage dementia. The disease is expressed by impairments in global cognitive processes (e. g. memory) which are responsible of functional limitations in generic cognitive tasks (e. g. to recall a list of words). These functional limitations are expressed by disability in instrumental, and then basic, activities of daily living. Genetic or environmental (e. g. education, nutrition) risk factors are predisposing characteristics which increase the risk of disease but they can also modulate its expression. Extra-and intra-individual factors are introduced factors which can speed up or slow down the disablement process. Intra-individual factors are positive (adaptation of activities) or negative (depression) strategies developed by the individuals in reaction to disease. Extra-individual factors are interventions by the health care system, informal or professional caregivers and society.