Komparasi Keanekaragaman Arthropoda Permukaan Tanah pada Dua Lokasi Ekosistem Tembakau yang Berbeda di Kabupaten Aceh Besar
Authors: Nisa Zahidatun , Pramayudi Nur , Hasnah Hasnah 
Published: December 2024

Abstrak. Arthropoda permukaan tanah merupakan kelompok hewan yang sebagian atau seluruh daur hidupnya berada di permukaan tanah, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai bioindikator lingkungan terutama dalam penentuan kualitas tanah. Keberadaan arthropoda permukaan tanah dalam suatu agroekosistem dipengaruhi oleh kondisi habitat, seperti iklim, ketebalan serasah, kandungan bahan organik, kesuburan tanah, jenis tanah, tekstur dan struktur tanah serta keanekaragaman vegetasi yang ada dalam agroekosistem tersebut. Arthropoda permukaan tanah dalam suatu agroekosistem memiliki beberapa peranan penting antara lain sebagai dekomposer, detritivor, predator, dan herbivor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pengambilan sampel arthropoda permukaan tanah menggunakan perangkap pitfall trap. Peubah yang diamati meliputi komposisi, kelimpahan, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks kemerataan, indeks dominasi dan indeks similaritas arthropoda permukaan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, arthropoda permukaan tanah yang ditemukan pada lahan pertanaman tembakau di Desa Keunaloi terdapat 49 morfospesies dengan total individu 3720, sedangkan di Desa Lamkleng terdapat 45 morfospesies dengan total individu 536. Morfospesies arthropoda permukaan tanah yang paling melimpah di Desa Keunaloi adalah semut Solenopsis geminata sedangkan di Desa Lamkleng yaitu semut Nylanderia sp1. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman arthropoda permukaan tanah yang termasuk kategori stabil terdapat di Desa Lamkleng yaitu 2,88. Nilai indeks kemerataan arthropoda permukaan tanah yang termasuk kategori lebih stabil terdapat di Desa Lamkleng yaitu 0,76. Nilai indeks dominasi arthropoda permukaan tanah tertinggi terdapat di Desa Keunaloi yaitu 0,76 termasuk kategori tidak stabil. Nilai indeks similaritas pada kedua lahan pertanaman tembakau yaitu 0,61 termasuk kategori lebih stabil. Semakin tinggi tingkat keanekeragaman morfospesies arthropoda permukaan tanah maka tingkat kestabilannya semakin tinggi, pada penelitian ini agroekosistem di Desa Lamkleng lebih stabil di bandingkan di Desa Keunaloi.Comparison of Soil Surface Arthropod Diversity in Two Different Tobacco Ecosystem Sites in Aceh Besar DistrictAbstract. Soil surface arthropods are a group of animals that partially or completely live on the soil surface, so they can be used as environmental bioindicators, especially in determining soil quality. The presence of soil surface arthropods in an agroecosystem is influenced by habitat conditions, such as climate, litter thickness, organic matter content, soil fertility, soil type, soil texture and structure and vegetation diversity in the agroecosystem. Soil surface arthropods in an agroecosystem have several important roles, including as decomposers, detritivors, predators, and herbivores. This study used descriptive method by sampling soil surface arthropods using pitfall traps. The observed variables include composition, abundance, diversity index, evenness index, dominance index and similarity index of soil surface arthropods. The results showed that there were 49 morphospecies of soil surface arthropods found on tobacco plantations in Keunaloi Village with a total of 3720 individuals, while in Lamkleng Village there were 45 morphospecies with a total of 536 individuals. The most abundant soil surface arthropod morphospecies in Keunaloi Village was Solenopsis geminata ants while in Lamkleng Village it was Nylanderia sp1 ants. The index value of soil surface arthropod diversity which is included in the stable category is in lamkleng village, namely 2.88. The value of the land surface arthropod evenness index which is included in the more stable category is in lamkleng village which is 0.76. The highest soil surface arthropod dominance index value is in keunaloi village which is 0.76 including the unstable category. The similarity index value in both tobacco growing land is 0.61, which is categorized as more stable. The higher the level of diversity of soil surface arthropod morphospecies, the higher the level of stability, in this study the agroecosystem in Lamkleng Village is more stable than in Keunaloi Village.