bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disorders of placental villous maturation are present in one-third of cases with spontaneous preterm labor
Authors: Jaiman Sunil , Romero Roberto , Pacora Percy , Erez Offer , Jung Eunjung , Tarca Adi L. , Bhatti Gaurav , Yeo Lami , Kim Yeon Mee , Kim Chong Jai , Kim Jung-Sun , Qureshi Faisal , Jacques Suzanne M. , Gomez-Lopez Nardhy , Hsu Chaur-Dong
Published: February 2021

Objectives

Spontaneous preterm labor is an obstetrical syndrome accounting for approximately 65–70% of preterm births, the latter being the most frequent cause of neonatal death and the second most frequent cause of death in children less than five years of age worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine and compare to uncomplicated pregnancies (1) the frequency of placental disorders of villous maturation in spontaneous preterm labor; (2) the frequency of other placental morphologic characteristics associated with the preterm labor syndrome; and (3) the distribution of these lesions according to gestational age at delivery and their severity.

Methods

A case-control study of singleton pregnant women was conducted that included (1) uncomplicated pregnancies (controls, n=944) and (2) pregnancies with spontaneous preterm labor (cases, n=438). All placentas underwent histopathologic examination. Patients with chronic maternal diseases (e.g., chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, thyroid disease, asthma, autoimmune disease, and coagulopathies), fetal malformations, chromosomal abnormalities, multifetal gestation, preeclampsia, eclampsia, preterm prelabor rupture of the fetal membranes, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, and HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count) syndrome were excluded from the study.

Results

Compared to the controls, the most prevalent placental lesions among the cases were the disorders of villous maturation (31.8% [106/333] including delayed villous maturation 18.6% [62/333] vs. 1.4% [6/442], q<0.0001, prevalence ratio 13.7; and accelerated villous maturation 13.2% [44/333] vs. 0% [0/442], q<0.001). Other lesions in decreasing order of prevalence included hypercapillarized villi (15.6% [68/435] vs. 3.5% [33/938], q<0.001, prevalence ratio 4.4); nucleated red blood cells (1.1% [5/437] vs. 0% [0/938], q<0.01); chronic inflammatory lesions (47.9% [210/438] vs. 29.9% [282/944], q<0.0001, prevalence ratio 1.6); fetal inflammatory response (30.1% [132/438] vs. 23.2% [219/944], q<0.05, prevalence ratio 1.3); maternal inflammatory response (45.5% [195/438] vs. 36.1% [341/944], q<0.01, prevalence ratio 1.2); and maternal vascular malperfusion (44.5% [195/438] vs. 35.7% [337/944], q<0.01, prevalence ratio 1.2). Accelerated villous maturation did not show gestational age-dependent association with any other placental lesion while delayed villous maturation showed a gestational age-dependent association with acute placental inflammation (q-value=0.005).

Conclusions

Disorders of villous maturation are present in nearly one-third of the cases of spontaneous preterm labor.
Estimation of Continuous and Discrete Time Co-integrated Systems with Stock and Flow Variables
Authors: González Olivares Daniel , Guizar Isai
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes an exact discrete time error correction model for co-integrated systems in continuous time and outlines a computationally efficient algorithm that leads to the Gaussian estimates of the model’s parameters. Its performance in estimation is assessed by contrasting our estimates with those obtained after applying Johansen’s discrete time approach to cointegrated systems. The data, for analysis, consist of two simulated systems; one comprised entirely of stock variables and another one formed by flow variables. In the results, we show that for the system with stock variables Johansen’s approach and ours perform similarly. For the system with flow variables, however, Johansen’s estimates show a persistent estimation bias with negligible improvements in larger samples, while ours yields a smaller bias that lowers as the sample size increases. As our model incorporates a moving average component in the error term that permits full dynamics, we argue that Johansen’s bias reflects the cost of ignoring aggregation in the specification.
Linéaire B da-wo: indiquait-il Kommos ou Haghia Triada?
Authors: Monti Orazio
Published: February 2021

La comparaison entre les données concernant le toponyme linéaire B da-wo - attestées dans les tablettes de Cnossos - et les structures archéologiques (relatives aux Minoen Récent IIIA-B) trouvées a Haghia Triada et a Kommos (deux localités dans la plaine crétoise de la Messara) est favorable a l’identification da-wo = Haghia Triada.
Lykische Schwiegersöhne
Authors: Schürr Diether
Published: February 2021

Ausgehend von der Bestimmung von sidi als ‚Schwiegersohn‘ gegenuber der luwischen Entsprechung zitis mit der Bedeutung ‚Mann, Ehemann‘ wird das in einer neuen Grabinschrift von Tlos belegte sedi ebenso gedeutet, mit Erwagungen zu den Grunden fur eine Senkung des Stammvokals. Damit fuhrt der Graberbauer nicht nur seinen Onkel statt seines Vaters an, was auch in zwei anderen Grabinschriften belegt ist, sondern bekundet auch noch, da. er dessen Tochter geheiratet hatte. Eine solche Cousinenheirat ist in Lykien noch ofters belegt, allerdings erst in der Kaiserzeit.
The extent and degree of utterance-final word lengthening in spontaneous speech from 10 languages
Authors: Seifart Frank , Strunk Jan , Danielsen Swintha , Hartmann Iren , Pakendorf Brigitte , Wichmann Søren , Witzlack-Makarevich Alena , Himmelmann Nikolaus P. , Bickel Balthasar
Published: February 2021

Words in utterance-final positions are often pronounced more slowly than utterance-medial words, as previous studies on individual languages have shown. This paper provides a systematic cross-linguistic comparison of relative durations of final and penultimate words in utterances in terms of the degree to which such words are lengthened. The study uses time-aligned corpora from 10 genealogically, areally, and culturally diverse languages, including eight small, under-resourced, and mostly endangered languages, as well as English and Dutch. Clear effects of lengthening words at the end of utterances are found in all 10 languages, but the degrees of lengthening vary. Languages also differ in the relative durations of words that precede utterance-final words. In languages with on average short words in terms of number of segments, these penultimate words are also lengthened. This suggests that lengthening extends backwards beyond the final word in these languages, but not in languages with on average longer words. Such typological patterns highlight the importance of examining prosodic phenomena in diverse language samples beyond the small set of majority languages most commonly investigated so far.
Varieties of Hermeneutical Injustice: A Blueprint
Authors: Bratu Christine , Haenel Hilkje
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we have two goals. First, we argue for a blueprint for hermeneutical injustice that allows us to schematize existing and discover new varieties of hermeneutical injustices. The underlying insight is that Fricker provides both a general concept of hermeneutical injustice and a specific conception thereof. By distinguishing between the general concept and its specific conceptions, we gain a fruitful tool to detect such injustices in our everyday lives. Second, we use this blueprint to provide a further example of hermeneutical injustice that draws our attention to yet another distinction: Some hermeneutical injustices result from a lack or distortion in the collective conceptual resource and some are due to problems in the application of existing concepts. We argue that to combat hermeneutical injustices, we have to make sure not only that individuals have accurate concepts at their disposal but that they have the capabilities to use these concepts adequately.
Hot-carriers in organic photovoltaics
Authors: Roy Palas
Published: February 2021

Photogenerated charge carriers in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) suffer relaxation and recombination losses. However, extracting these carriers at higher energy (‘Hot-carriers’) has been found to be effective to overcome such loss pathways and improve efficiency of OPVs. Excess energy and long delocalization length promotes hot-carrier escape from Coulombic attraction and dissociation into free charges. Here, I have reviewed the ways to generate hot-carriers and their extraction in organic backbones. In-depth understanding of their energetics and dynamics will help designing hot-carrier photovoltaics.
Ultraviolet blocking and antioxidant polyvinyl alcohol films incorporated with baicalin extraction from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi
Authors: Liu Jinshu , Ma Xiaoyan , Shi Wenzhao , Xing Jianwei , Ma Chaoqun , Li Susong , Huang Yayi
Published: February 2021

Baicalin, an active flavonoid ingredient of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, was extracted by heat reflux extraction and showed the same significance UV absorption property with standard baicalin. Active films were prepared from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) containing baicalin extract by casting method. The effect of baicalin extracts on the UV-blocking, optical, antioxidant property, water vapor permeability, swelling and mechanical properties of the films were studied. UV–vis transmittance spectra showed that PVA films incorporated with baicalin extract blocked ultraviolet light range from 280–400 nm even with low concentration of baicalin (0.5 wt%) and maintain the high transparency in visible spectrum. The outstanding UV-blocking properties of PVA films incorporated with baicalin extract were also confirmed by Rhodamine B degradation. Baicalin conferred antioxidant properties to PVA films as determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity. Due to the interaction between hydroxy groups of baicalin and PVA molecule, water vapor permeability, swelling and elongation at break of the films were decreased accompanied with the increasing in tensile strength and Young’s modulus. FTIR reveal that the interaction between PVA molecules was significant changed by the introduction of baicalin. These results suggest that PVA film incorporated with baicalin extract can be used for the development of functional protective film.
Imidazolium functionalized polymers for effective electrochemical reduction of CO2
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Aeshala Leela Manohar
Published: February 2021

Imidazolium functionalized polymer electrolytes for the electrochemical reduction of gaseous CO2 (ERGC) were studied for the first time in a developed reactor at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. It was found that reaction environment favors the CO2 reduction reaction by overcoming the mass transfer of CO2 with the use of imidazolium fixed functional groups. The selectivity and Faradaic efficiency of products formed during ERGC is enhanced due to the modified functional groups in the solid polymer matrix. This work may open up new research opportunities for the conversion of gaseous CO2 to green fuels.
Recent developments in stereoselective organocatalytic oxyfunctionalizations
Authors: Meninno Sara , Villano Rosaria , Lattanzi Alessandra
Published: February 2021

In this chapter, asymmetric at carbon oxidations using organocatalytic systems reported from 2012 up to 2018 have been illustrated. Asymmetric epoxidations and oxidation of heteroatom-containing molecules were not included. The processes selected encopass alpha-hydroxylation of carbonyl compounds, dihydroxylation and dioxygenation of alkenes, Baeyer-Villiger and oxidative desymmetrization reactions.
Changes in porphyrin’s conjugation based on synthetic and post-synthetic modifications
Authors: Urbańska Karolina , Farinone Marco , Pawlicki Miłosz
Published: February 2021

Porphyrins or more broadly defined porphyrinoids are the structures where the extendedπ-cloud can be significantly modified by several factors. The broad range of introduced structural motifs has shown a possibility of modification of conjugation by a controlled synthetic approach, leading to expected optical or magnetic behaviour, and also by post-synthetic modifications (i.e. redox or protonation/deprotonation), Both approaches lead to noticeab changes in observed properties but also open a potential for further utilization. Thus, this already constituted big family of macrocyclic structures with specific highly extendedπ-delocalization shows a significant contribution in several fields from fundamental studies, leading to understanding behaviour of skeletons like that with a substantial influence on biological studies and material science. The presented material focuses on the most significant examples of modifications of porphyrinoids skeleton leading to drastic changes in optical response and magnetic properties. Through the presentation, the focus will be placed on the changes leading to the most red-shifted transition as the parameter indicating extending theπ-delocalization. Significantly different magnetic character will be also discussed based on the switching between aromatic/antiaromatic character assigned to macrocyclic structures that will be included.
Gas phase synthesis of 4d transition metal carbonyl complexes with thermalized fission fragments in single-atom reactions
Authors: Götz Michael , Götz Stefan , Kratz Jens-Volker , Ballof Jochen , Düllmann Christoph E. , Eberhardt Klaus , Mokry Christoph , Renisch Dennis , Runke Jörg , Sato Tetsuya K. , Thörle-Pospiech Petra , Trautmann Norbert , Yakushev Alexander
Published: February 2021

The formation of carbonyl complexes using atom-at-a-time quantities of short-lived transition metals from fusion and fission reactions was reported in 2012. Numerous studies focussing on this chemical system, which is also applicable for the superheavy elements followed. We report on a novel two-chamber approach for the synthesis of such complexes that allows spatial decoupling of thermalization and gas-phase carbonyl complex synthesis. Neutron induced fission on 235U and spontaneous fission of 248Cm were employed for the production of the fission products. These were stopped inside a gas volume behind the target and flushed with an inert-gas flow into a second chamber. This was flushed with carbon monoxide to allow the gas-phase synthesis of carbonyl complexes. Parameter studies of the transfer from the first into the second chamber as well as on the carbonyl complex formation and transport processes have been performed. High overall efficiencies of more than 50% were reached rendering this approach interesting for studies of superheavy elements. Our results show that carbonyl complex formation of thermalized fission products is a single-atom reaction, and not a hot-atom reaction.
Climate beast: a potential threat for repercussions of disease status in Pakistan
Authors: Ali Mahwish , Farhat Syeda Mehpara , Saeed Rida Fatima , Amraiz Deeba , Mehmood Sabba , Akbar Samina
Published: February 2021

Pakistan is amongst the developing countries, which have been strongly affected by several emerging and re-emerging disease outbreaks as a consequence of climate change. Various studies have clearly demonstrated the impact of climate change on human health in Pakistan. This has increased the rate of morbidity and mortality, related not only to vector-borne, water-borne and food-borne diseases but has also contributed to the prevalence of neurological, cardiovascular and respiratory disorders. It is therefore important to take adequate measurements for water management and improve sanitary conditions especially in case of natural disasters. In order to effectively control the emerging and re-emerging infections in the country, an early, more Rigorous response is required, by the national health department, to monitor and evaluate the spread of infections in future. Therefore, precise planning and management strategies should be defined in order to circumvent the damage caused by the natural disasters associated with climate changes. This mini-review gives an overview about the public health issues associated with environmental change with special reference to Pakistan. This will provide a baseline for policymakers to develop public health surveillance programs in Pakistan.
Exposure to cadmium and head and neck cancers: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Rezapour Maysam , Rezapour Habib Allah , Chegeni Maryam , Khanjani Narges
Published: February 2021

Cadmium (Cd) is a widespread environmental pollutant. A number of observational studies have reported that Cd might be a cause of nasopharyngeal (NPC), pharyngeal (PC), or laryngeal cancers (LC). In this study evidence about the relation of Cd and NPC, PC, and LC has been summarized. A literature review was conducted until 20 June 2020 in PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, Web of Science and Google scholar databases to investigate the epidemiologic evidence for the relation between cadmium exposure and cancers of the nasopharynx, pharynx, and larynx. Ten articles were selected after careful screening of retrieved studies. All of these studies obtained a Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) quality score from 6 to 8. Due to high heterogeneity, in all analyses, random effect was used. The pooled results showed that cadmium levels in NPC (standard mean difference (SMD=0.55; 95% CI=0.20, 0.89; p=0.002) and PC (SMD=9.79; 95% CI=0.62, 18.96; p=0.036) patients/tissues were significantly higher than their controls. But cadmium levels were not significantly different between LC cases/tissues and their controls. (SMD=−0.05; 95% CI=−0.99, 0.89; p=0.921). Exposure to cadmium is likely to cause nasopharyngeal and pharyngeal cancer.
Mitigating the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on emergency stroke care: an original study and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Jian , Hong Ye , Ma Mengmeng , Zhou Muke , Guo Jian , Chen Ning , Fang Jinghuan , Liu Wanping , Zhang Yang , Chen Lizhang , Hao Nanya , Wang Yi , Zhou Dong , He Li
Published: February 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 is still continuing and may affect stroke emergency care. We aim to investigate the impact of pandemic on stroke treatment in tertiary stroke centers in western China, and to quantitatively evaluate the worldwide influence with a meta-analysis. The original part was conducted in three tertiary stroke centers in Sichuan province. We compared emergency visits and efficiency of stroke treatment pre-, early, peak and late pandemic. Single-center analysis was further conducted in the largest local hospital and one hospital located close to the epicenter respectively. Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Ovid Embase and Cochrane Library for English publications from December 2019 to July 2020 for systematic review. Fixed-and random-effect meta-analysis was performed to calculate the overall rates. Totally current original study showed fewer time of hospital admission and significantly higher rates of mechanical thrombectomy during the early and peak epidemic periods, compared with pre-epidemic time. The largest local hospital had significantly higher mechanical thrombectomy rates during the whole crisis and less daily admission during early and peak epidemic periods. The hospital located close to the epicenter presented higher proportions of intravenous thrombolysis since outbreak, and more favorable outcomes after reperfusion therapies than later (all P values <0.05). In meta-analysis, studies reported differences in reperfusion therapies and stroke severity but pooled results were non-significant. Overall, comprehensive measures should be implemented to keep hospital’s capacity to deliver high-quality stroke emergency care during the global pandemic. Some key messages were provided for medical practice in the crisis.
The cellular mechanism by which the rostral ventromedial medulla acts on the spinal cord during chronic pain
Authors: WeiWei Yu , WenDi Fei , Mengru Cui , Tuo Yang , Chen Gang
Published: February 2021

Clinical therapies for chronic pain are limited. While targeted drugs are promising therapies for chronic pain, they exhibit insufficient efficacy and poor targeting. The occurrence of chronic pain partly results from central changes caused by alterations in neurons in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) in the brainstem regulatory pathway. The RVM, which plays a key role in the descending pain control pathway, greatly contributes to the development and maintenance of pain. However, the exact roles of the RVM in chronic pain remain unclear, making it difficult to develop new drugs targeting the RVM and related pathways. Here, we first discuss the roles of the RVM and related circuits in chronic pain. Then, we analyze synaptic transmission between RVM neurons and spinal cord neurons, specifically focusing on the release of neurotransmitters, to explore the cellular mechanisms by which the RVM regulates chronic pain. Finally, we propose some ideas for the development of drugs targeting the RVM.
An Empirical Bayes approach for the identification of long-range chromosomal interaction from Hi-C data
Authors: Zhang Qi , Xu Zheng , Lai Yutong
Published: February 2021

Hi-C experiments have become very popular for studying the 3D genome structure in recent years. Identification of long-range chromosomal interaction, i.e., peak detection, is crucial for Hi-C data analysis. But it remains a challenging task due to the inherent high dimensionality, sparsity and the over-dispersion of the Hi-C count data matrix. We propose EBHiC, an empirical Bayes approach for peak detection from Hi-C data. The proposed framework provides flexible over-dispersion modeling by explicitly including the “true” interaction intensities as latent variables. To implement the proposed peak identification method (via the empirical Bayes test), we estimate the overall distributions of the observed counts semiparametrically using a Smoothed Expectation Maximization algorithm, and the empirical null based on the zero assumption. We conducted extensive simulations to validate and evaluate the performance of our proposed approach and applied it to real datasets. Our results suggest that EBHiC can identify better peaks in terms of accuracy, biological interpretability, and the consistency across biological replicates. The source code is available on Github (https://github.com/QiZhangStat/EBHiC).
Auswertung und Visualisierung von Daten komplexer Sensorsysteme zur Bestimmung von Geruchsstoffen in wässrigen Lösungen
Authors: Penzel Stefanie , Cämmerer Malcolm , Borsdorf Helko , Rudolph Mathias
Published: February 2021

Für die Detektion von Geruchsmustern in wässrigen Lösungen wurde die Ionenmobilitätsspektromtrie mit einem

NH

3

{\mathrm{NH}_{3}}

- und einem H2S-Sensor kombiniert. Die leicht- und mittelflüchtigen geruchsaktiven Substanzen wurden mittels eines Nebulisers in die Gasphase überführt. Die Auswertung der Ionenmobilitätsspektren erfolgte mit einer Analyse der Peaks durch überwachte Klassifikation. Dabei wurden die einzelnen Peaks einer reinen Lösung durch Berechnung der stoffspezifischen Ionenmobilitätskonstante (

K

0

{K_{0}}

-Wert) klassifiziert. Die entsprechenden Klassen wurden in einer Datenbank gespeichert. Durch die Berechnung der

K

0

{K_{0}}

-Werte unbekannter Peaks und deren Abgleich mit der Datenbank wurde eine Aussage über das Vorhandensein eines Fremdstoffes angegeben. Für die Auswertung der

NH

3

{\mathrm{NH}_{3}}

- und H2S-Daten wurden die Signalverläufe mit einer Funktion modelliert. Die beschreibenden Parameter dieser Funktion dienen zur Erstellung einer Regressionsgeraden in Abhängigkeit der Konzentrationen der Proben. Durch die mathematische Beschreibung der Kurvenverläufe konnte der Einfluss der Feuchtigkeitsausschläge und die benötigten Messdauer reduziert werden. Mit Hilfe der parametrisierten Funktion können die Signalverläufe von unbekannten Messdaten modelliert und mit den Regressionsgeraden die jeweiligen Konzentrationen bestimmt werden. Gesamtergebnis der Arbeit ist eine Software, in welcher die Messdaten der Sensorsysteme eingelesen und ausgewertet sowie die entsprechenden Ergebnisse in visueller Form dargestellt werden können. Zusammenfassend konnte mit der mathematischen Implementierung ein Programm realisiert werden, welches eine automatisierte Aussage über das Vorkommen von Fremdstoffen in wässrigen Lösungen generiert.
The use of the text-function in Video Relay Service calls
Authors: Warnicke Camilla , Plejert Charlotta
Published: February 2021

The objective of the current study is to investigate whether and how the text-function offered in the Video Relay Service (VRS) is used and to demonstrate how its use affects the interaction of participants within this setting. The VRS facilitates calls between a person using signed language via a videophone and a person who is speaking via a telephone. An interpreter handles the calls and simultaneously interprets between the users and has direct contact with both users. All participants are physically separated from each other. The data consist of 12 recordings from the regular VRS in Sweden and the method used is Conversation Analysis. The findings show that typed text is used to: 1) conduct a repair; 2) pre-empt problems; 3) recycle text; and 4) overcome language differences.
Rhetorical moves in political discourse: closing statements by presidential candidates in US primary election debates
Authors: Schubert Christoph
Published: February 2021

Presidential primary debates in the USA are commonly concluded by brief closing statements, in which the competitors outline the central messages of their election campaigns. These statements constitute a subgenre characterized by a set of recurring rhetorical moves, which are defined as functional units geared towards the respective communicative objective, in this case political persuasion. Located at the interface of rhetorical move analysis and political discourse studies, this paper demonstrates that moves and embedded steps in closing statements fulfill the persuasive function of legitimizing the respective candidate as the most preferable presidential successor. The study is based on the transcripts of 98 closing statements, which were extracted from eight Democratic and eleven Republican primary debates held between August 2015 and April 2016. Typical moves, such as projecting the speaker’s future political agenda or diagnosing the current situation in America, are presented with the help of illustrative examples, frequencies of occurrence, and a sample analysis of a complete closing statement.
Multimodal persuasive strategies in product pitches
Authors: Valeiras-Jurado Julia
Published: February 2021

The product pitch is a widespread genre within business communication and is used to introduce a product in the market. Product pitches are meant to convince an audience of the value of the product they introduce. Because they are subjected to strict time constraints, these presentations need to be particularly effective in their persuasive efforts, and speakers need to make the best use of all the semiotic resources they have at their disposal to efficiently convey their message. Researchers and practitioners with first-hand experience in this genre agree that it is inherently persuasive and multimodal. However, little is known about the complex interplay established between the different semiotic modes that are at stake in a product pitch, and about the potential effect that these multimodal ensembles have on persuasion. This study analyses a corpus of product pitches using a combination of computer assisted multimodal discourse analysis and ethnographic observations and interviews to probe into the use of multimodal persuasive strategies in these presentations. The findings show how speakers highlight the unique selling points of their products and present them as the best solution to a problem, resorting to a series of persuasive strategies (e.g. attention getting, evaluation) that are realised through carefully orchestrated multimodal ensembles.
How do applied linguistics researchers structure coherence relations in the process of establishing a niche for their research?
Authors: Kawase Tomoyuki
Published: February 2021

This study is an extension of previous research on how writers of research articles (RAs) structure their texts to be coherent in the process of achieving communicative purposes of the RA genre. It examines how RA writers relate sentences in establishing a niche for their studies in the introduction section. Genre analysis methods and Rhetorical Structure Theory are used to analyse 40 applied linguistics RA introductions. The findings show that the RA writers who establish a niche by indicating a gap in previous research tend to use a concessive or contrastive relation to relate the gap statements to the descriptions of previous studies. The writers who establish a niche by indicating how their studies would extend previous research in the field tend to use a background relation to claim a niche based on the specific studies. The writers who indicate a real world problem for the niche establishment tend to use a background relation to reveal a niche based on contextual information surrounding the problem. Possible reasons for the selection of the relations are discussed in terms of the influence of the nature of the RA genre and/or the applied linguistics discipline.
Inverse scattering method for the Kundu-Eckhaus equation with zero/nonzero boundary conditions
Authors: Wang Guixian , Wang Xiu-Bin , Han Bo , Xue Qi
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the inverse scattering approach is applied to the Kundu-Eckhaus equation with two cases of zero boundary condition (ZBC) and nonzero boundary conditions (NZBCs) at infinity. Firstly, we obtain the exact formulae of soliton solutions of three cases of N simple poles, one higher-order pole and multiple higher-order poles via the associated Riemann-Hilbert problem (RHP). Moreover, given the initial data that allow for the presence of discrete spectrum, the higher-order rogue waves of the equation are presented. For the case of NZBCs, we can construct the infinite order rogue waves through developing a suitable RHP. Finally, by choosing different parameters, we aim to show some prominent characteristics of this solution and express them graphically in detail. Our results should be helpful to further explore and enrich the related nonlinear wave phenomena.
Halo-phenolic metabolites and their in vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activities from the Red Sea alga Avrainvillea amadelpha
Authors: Hawas Usama W. , Abou El-Kassem Lamia T. , Al-farawati Radwan , Shaher Fekri M.
Published: February 2021

From the green alga Avrainvillea amadelpha, two new naturally halo-benzaldehyde derivatives were isolated by various chromatographic methods along with 10 known metabolites of bromophenols, sulfonoglycolipid, and steroids. Based on the 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as on MS data, the structures of the new compounds were identified as 5-bromo-2-(3-bromo-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde named avrainvilleal (1), and 3-iodo-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (2). Using SRB assay, both compounds showed mild and weak cytotoxic activity against HeLa and MCF-7 cancer cell lines, compared to the good activity of their extract (IC50 values 3.1 and 4.3 μg/mL, respectively). However, avrainvilleal (1) displayed an effective scavenged DPPH radical activity with IC50 value 3.5 μM, compared to the antioxidant quercetin with IC50 value 1.5 μM.
Determinantes tecnológicos de las decisiones de inversión: un análisis de la industria manufacturera mexicana
Authors: López Mateo Celina , Ríos Manríquez Martha , Molina Sánchez Rubén
Published: February 2021

En este trabajo se analiza la influencia de determinantes tecnológicos en las decisiones de inversión de las empresas manufactureras mexicanas. Se utilizan estimaciones de eficiencia obtenidas a partir del Análisis Envolvente de Datos (DEA, por sus siglas en inglés), así como indicadores tecnológicos para las regresiones a través de Mínimos Cuadrados Ordinarios (MCO). El análisis se realiza partiendo de datos de corte transversal. La evidencia empírica sugiere que la eficiencia técnica a partir de los factores productivos capital y trabajo puede incentivar los niveles de inversión.
Revisión teórica y propuesta de estudio sobre el emprendimiento social y la innovación tecnológica
Authors: Marín Aramís , Rivera Igor
Published: February 2021

La creación de valor resulta apremiante para potenciar el desarrollo económico y social, sostenido y sustentable. La innovación permite crear nuevo valor, pero, ¿cómo emprenderla teniendo en mira el desarrollo económico y social, cuando más de la mitad de la población en el mundo sufre algún tipo de pobreza o marginación? El objetivo de esta comunicación es hacer una revisión teórica de cómo se puede conjugar la innovación tecnológica con el emprendimiento social —como medio de hacer negocios desde y para la base de la población—, para dilucidar una propuesta de estudio y detectar las claves que permitan a las comunidades interactuar en un mercado globalizado para mejorar sus condiciones de vida. Esta propuesta se fundamenta en un modelo de empoderamiento intrínseco para superar barreras psicosociales y potenciar el desarrollo con la colaboración de los actores involucrados en procesos de innovación.
Síndrome de Desgaste Profesional (SDP) en una institución del sector salud
Authors: Casique Guerrero Alicia , López Chanez Francisco Javier
Published: February 2021

La investigación que da origen al presente artículo es descriptiva y comparativa, y su principal propósito fue determinar la prevalencia del Síndrome de Desgaste Profesional (SDP) en una población integrada por 120 médicos que prestan sus servicios en una clínica-hospital particular Pyme del estado de Guanajuato. El instrumento utilizado fue el cuestionario del Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), adaptado al  español por Seisdedos (1997), el cual considera los factores: cansancio emocional (CE), despersonalización (DP) y realización personal (RP). El proceso de la información se basó en estadística descriptiva, coeficientes de correlación y pruebas de significancia, calculados a través del Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versión 15 para Windows. Los resultados permitieron hallar relaciones entre el nivel de prevalencia del SDP y las variables: género, edad, estado civil, años de servicio, número de empleos y la cantidad de horas trabajadas.
La lactancia materna y el sincero motivo de su negación por parte de las madres
Authors: Romero Martín Sergio Alberto , García Hernández Edgar Manuel , Góngora Ortega Javier
Published: February 2021

La lactancia materna, a pesar de su importancia, se otorga en una baja proporción. Este trabajo trata de conocer el motivo por el cual las madres atendidas en cuatro hospitales generales del estado de Aguascalientes niegan la lactancia materna a sus hijos.  Se realizó una investigación cualitativa, identificando a las madres que acuden a consulta del niño sano que no lactaban, se aplicó una primera encuesta, se seleccionaron participantes a quienes se les realizó una entrevista a profundidad en sus domicilios. Se encuestaron 25 mujeres, las tres razones más frecuentes para no iniciar o suspender la lactancia eran: deformación de los senos, la glándula mamaría se torna flácida y el miedo de dejar de gustar a sus parejas. Se codificaron tres factores relevantes: estética, pareja y factores sociales. Hay implicaciones psicosociales que deben tomarse en cuenta en las capacitaciones, políticas de salud o acciones comunitarias.
Formación de biopelículas en el hongo patógeno Sporothrix schenckii: desarrollo, arquitectura y características bioquímicas
Authors: Sánchez Herrera Rocío , Flores Villavicencio Lérida Liss , Padilla Guerrero Israel , Barbosa Sabanero Gloria , Sabanero López Myrna
Published: February 2021

Las infecciones fúngicas en el ser humano están relacionadas con la formación de biopelículas resistentes a tratamientos farmacológicos. El complejo de S. schenckii presenta micosis crónicas y sistémicas con resistencia farmacológica. Sin embargo, en S. schenckii no se ha descrito la formación de biopelículas; este aspecto se aborda en la presente investigación, analizando las características bioquímicas de la formación y desarrollo de las biopelículas, aplicando técnicas de microscopía óptica y métodos fisicoquímicos. Los resultados indican que la adhesión y desarrollo de la comunidad fúngica es tiempo dependiente (12 h, 24 h y 48 h); consecuentemente se presenta incremento de la biomasa (0.19 Abs - 0.5 Abs) y carbohidratos totales (1.12 µg/µl - 3.28 µg/µl). Estructuralmente, la adhesión y desarrollo de S. schenckii presenta redes de hifas con centros de nucleación que consolidan la biopelícula. La prospectiva del estudio de las biopelículas de S. schenckii impactará en las estrategias farmacológicas del tratamiento de las micosis.
Determinación rápida de glucosamina en formulaciones farmacéuticas mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución sin derivatización pre-columna
Authors: Alcázar Magaña Armando , Wrobel Katarzyna , Corrales Escobosa Alma Rosa , Wrobel Kazimierz
Published: February 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo fue lograr la determinación rápida de glucosamina en formulaciones farmacéuticas mediante cromatografía líquida de alta resolución. Las tabletas comerciales se disolvieron en agua y después de filtración la solución (6 μL) fue introducida en la columna Luna C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5μm). La detección UV se llevó a cabo en 193 nm. La fase móvil fue perclorato de sodio (50 mM, pH 6.5): acetonitrilo (99:1, v/v) con el flujo total de 0.8 mL min-1. En estas condiciones, el tiempo de retención fue 2.834 min ± 0.003 min con la pureza de pico en la muestra real de 998.9 ± 3.3. Los límites de detección evaluados para altura y área del pico fueron 0.05 μg mL-1 y 0.02 µg mL-1, respectivamente. La precisión evaluada para dos niveles de concentración con una desviación estándar relativa (RSD, por sus siglas en inglés) fue siempre inferior al 1%.
La curcumina incrementa la expresión de AMPK y PPARγ y disminuye la expresión de NF-κB en hígado de ratón diabético db/db
Authors: Ramírez Emiliano Joel , Jiménez Flores Lizbeth M. , H. Macías Maciste , López Briones Sergio , Pérez Vázquez Victoriano
Published: February 2021

La diabetes es una enfermedad metabólica caracterizada por hiperglucemia y resistencia a la insulina. La curcumina es un potencial agente antidiabético que regula la expresión génica y diferentes vías de señalización. Se pretende determinar el efecto de la curcumina sobre la expresión de Proteína Linasa Activada por AMP (AMPK), Proliferador Peroxisomal gamma (PPARγ), Factor Nuclear Kappa de los linfocitos B (NF-KB), Sirtuina 1 (SIRT1) y NF-κB en hígado de ratón diabético. Se utilizaron cuatro grupos de ratones (n = 3): silvestres (WT), diabéticos (db/db) y WT y db/db tratados con 0.75% de curcumina en el alimento (WT+C y db/db+C, respectivamente) por ocho semanas. La expresión de las proteínas se determinó por Western blot. Como resultados la curcumina previno parcialmente pérdida de peso en los ratones db/db, incrementó la expresión de AMPK y PPARγ y disminuyó la expresión de NF-κB en los ratones diabéticos, pero no modificó la expresión de SIRT1. Se concluyó que la curcumina regula la expresión de AMPK, PPARγ y NF-κB, pero no de SIRT1.
Los AGE fluorescentes en piel están asociados con alteraciones en el ultrasonido de la carótida en sujetos con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 de reciente diagnóstico
Authors: Villegas Rodríguez Ma. Etzabel , Fajardo Martha Eugenia , Malacara J. M. , Garay Sevilla Ma. Eugenia , Solorio Meza Sergio Eduardo
Published: February 2021

La glucosilación avanzada AGE por sus siglas en inglés juega un papel importante en el desarrollo de las complicaciones de diabetes. En esta investigación el objetivo es estudiar AGE fluorescentes en piel y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) de reciente diagnóstico, obesos (O) y peso normal (PN). Se realizó un estudio transversal en sujetos de 35 a 65 años de edad obesos (n = 28) PN (n = 29). Se midieron características generales, grosor de íntima-media (IMT), vasodilatación mediada por flujo (VMF), índice tobillo-brazo (ITB) y AGE en piel. Al comparar ambos grupos, el IMT fue mayor (p < 0.03), menor el índice de rigidez (p < 0.02) y VMF (p < 002) en PN. VMF y IMT se asociaron con AGE en el grupo total (p < 0.002, p < 0.00004, respectivamente) y en PN con lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL-C) (p < 0.03; p < 0.004), IMT se asocia con AGE (p < 0,01), ITB (p < 0.015) en obesos y delgados AGE (p < 0.00007), Tensión Arterial Sistólica (TAS) (p < 0.04) e Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) (p < 0.02). La conclusión fue que IMT y VMF muestran fuerte asociación con AGE en piel y LDL-C.
Alternativa de diagnóstico de onicomicosis en pie diabético usando imágenes de infrarrojo
Authors: Villaseñor-Mora Carlos , González-Vega Arturo , Garay-Sevilla Ma. Eugenia
Published: February 2021

Debido a que sólo una de cada dos uñas que presenta apariencia anormal debe dicha condición a la presencia de onicomicosis, es necesario que además de la valoración clínica se realice un diagnóstico de apoyo para proponer el tratamiento adecuado. En el caso de personas diabéticas, la responsabilidad de dar un diagnóstico acertado es aún más importante, ya que los tratamientos deben ser acertados para no complicar aún más la salud del paciente. Como se sabe, el procedimiento estándar de diagnóstico de onicomicosis es por microscopio directa y por cultivo, que tienen la desventaja de no ser lo suficientemente asertivos, y en el caso del cultivo el tiempo de crecimiento y determinaciones es muy largo. Por ello, como alternativa de diagnóstico se propone usar imágenes de infrarrojo que es un procedimiento rápido, eficiente y permite observar la zona de infección y, de cierta manera, el grado de afectación, además de ser completamente innocuo.
Using Three-Dimensional Lorenz Scatter Plots to Detect Patients with Atrioventricular Node Double Path Caused by Interpolated Ventricular Premature Systoles: A Case Study
Authors: Jingxiu Li , Fujun Zhang , Xijin Wei , Ding Peng
Published: February 2021

A series of related electrophysiology phenomena can be caused by the occurrence of interpolated ventricular premature contraction. In our recent three-dimensional Lorenz R-R scatter plot research, we found that atrioventricular node double path caused by interpolated ventricular premature contraction imprints a specific pattern on three-dimensional Lorenz plots generated from 24-hour Holter recordings. We found two independent subclusters separated from the interpolated premature beat precluster, the interpolated premature beat cluster, and the interpolated premature beat postcluster, respectively. Combined with use of the trajectory tracking function and the leap phenomenon, our results reveal the presence of the atrioventricular node double conduction path.
The Misuse of Pedigree Analysis in the Eugenics Movement
Authors: Shotwell Mark
Published: February 2021

Pedigree analysis has long been an essential tool in human genetics as well as a staple of genetics education. Students of genetics might be surprised to learn that human pedigrees were first popularized in the United States by proponents of eugenics, the pseudoscientific social movement aimed at improving the genetic quality of the human race. Notably, the influential eugenicist Charles B. Davenport employed pedigree charts to support his belief that not only were such medical conditions as Huntington disease and albinism inherited in a simple Mendelian fashion, but so too were such characteristics as alcoholism, criminality, and “feeblemindedness.” We now see the flaws in Davenport’s pedigree analysis, but at the time, it was the latest scientific advance. The misuse of pedigree analysis during the eugenics era may serve as a cautionary tale for those who are now harnessing the latest genetic technologies to solve complex problems.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE HIERARCHICAL APPROACHIN THE MATHEMATICAL MODELLINGOF ONCE-THROUGH STEAM GENERATORS
Authors:   Odessa National Polytechnic University, Lozhechnikova N.
Published: February 2021

A comprehensive system analysis of a once-through steam generator was carried out as well as a multilevel structure of its model was developed. The application of the procedure of decomposition of a complex object at the initial stages of modeling made it possible to single out multidimensional subsystems of directed action. This makes it possible to use advanced computer simulation software. We distinguished the subsystems of the steam generator as a whole, the subsystem of the steam generator, including the screen tubes, separator, mixer, filter, circulation pump, and connecting pipelines in the resulting structural model. The zones of screen tubes determined by the state of the working medium (heating zone with a single-phase medium, evaporation zone I and evaporation zone II with a two-phase medium), finite-dimensional models of screen tube sections of heating and evaporation zones we considered separately. It was found that the models of zero-level subsystems are described by systems of differential and algebraic equations, between the internal variables of which there is no cause-effect relationship. Any subsystem of the first and higher levels can be represented by a subset of subsystems of the immediately lower levels and a set of oriented connections between them. The principle of recurrent explanation was implemented in the problem of simulating a once-through steam generator. The set-theoretic, matrix and graphical methods are used to describe the relationships between subsystems. It is shown that hierarchical models are forms of description, ready for implementation in high-level programming languages. Systematic analysis of processes, technology and design of a once-through steam generator, as well as the proposed research methodology in the time and frequency domains, the calculation methods and simulation methods used, allows you to select the types and classes of mathematical models, forms of their presentation, as well as software.
ГЕНДЕРНА ПРОБЛЕМАТИКА У ФІЗИЧНОМУ ВИХОВАННІ. ІСТОРИКО-ФІЛОСОФСЬКИЙ АНАЛІЗ
Authors: Марченко Оксана , Цикало Людмила , Бричук Марія , Симоненко Наталія
Published: February 2021

Мета: проведення історико-філософського аналізу гендерної проблематики у фізичному вихованні та з’ясування сутнісно-змістовної характеристики категорії «гендер» у сфері фізичної культури і спорту.

Матеріал і методи: для розв’язання поставлених завдань, з метою узагальнення досвіду науковців, які займаються вивченням проблеми гендерного підходу у навчанні та вихованні, сучасних підходів до розвитку та вдосконалення системи фізичного виховання використовувався комплекс наступних теоретичних методів: аналіз, порівняння, узагальнення, систематизація, теоретичне моделювання.

Результати: проаналізовано історичний аспект виникнення гендерного підходу у фізичному вихованні, який має певні відмінності та особливості, що робить його окремим напрямком гендерного пізнання, згідно з яким усі педагогічні та соціокультурні аспекти у фізичному вихованні молоді можуть мати гендерний вимір. Теоретично обґрунтовано потребу виокремлення і трактування гендерного підходу як дефініції в політичному, громадському, соціальному середовищах, указано на його значення для фізичного виховання і спорту та запропоновано для використання в дослідженнях новий термін, що дозволяє його характеризувати як міждисциплінарне та крос-секторальне поняття, екстрапольоване, взаємопов’язане та відповідне розвитку фізичної культури та спорту в країнах розвиненої демократії.

Висновки: на основі отриманих результатів дослідження та вже наявних теоретичних і методологічних праць із гендерної проблематики обґрунтовано необхідність і доцільність розробки й упровадження гендерного компоненту у фізичне виховання сучасної молоді як сутнісно новий і прогресивний напрям аксіологічної значущості фізичної культури. Надана змістовна характеристика категорії «гендер» в сфері фізичної культури і спорту в контексті психолого-педагогічних досліджень.

Ключові слова: гендер, гендерний підхід, фізичне виховання, фізична культура, спорт, історія.