bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Safety Outcomes With GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 1 Diabetes: A Real-World Study
Authors: Edwards Khary , Li Xilong , Lingvay Ildiko
Published: October 2022

Context

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) are used off-label in the management of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in real-world practice as adjuvant therapies to insulin. There are few real-world data regarding efficacy and safety of this practice.

Objective

This work aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of GLP-1RAs and sodium-glucose SGLT2is in the management of T1DM in real-world practice.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed of all instances of GLP-1RA and/or SGLT2i use greater than 90 days in adult patients with T1DM at a single academic center. We report the clinical and safety outcomes over the duration of use.

Results

We identified 104 patients with T1DM who ever used a GLP-1RA (76 patients) or SGLT2i (39 patients) for more than 90 days. After 1 year of therapy, GLP-1RA users had statistically significant reductions in weight (90.5 kg to 85.4 kg; P < .001), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (7.7% to 7.3%; P = .007), and total daily dose of insulin (61.8 units to 41.9 units; P < .001). SGLT2i users had statistically significant reductions in HbA1c (7.9% to 7.3%; P < .001) and basal insulin (31.3 units to 25.6 units; P = .003). GLP-1RA users compared to SGLT2i users had greater reduction in weight (P = .027) while HbA1c reduction was comparable between the groups. Over a mean total duration of use of 29.5 months/patient for both groups, more SGLT2i users experienced diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) (12.8% vs 3.9%). Therapy was discontinued because of adverse events 26.9% of the time for GLP-1RA users vs 27.7% for SGLT2i users.

Conclusion

GLP-1RA and SGLT2i use in T1DM is associated with clinically relevant benefits. DKA remains a clinical concern with SGLT2i use, requiring careful patient selection and monitoring, with the risk to benefit ratio of treatment evaluated at an individual level.
Subsets of leg proprioceptors influence leg kinematics but not interleg coordination in Drosophila melanogaster walking
Authors: Chockley Alexander S. , Dinges Gesa F. , Di Cristina Giulia , Ratican Sara , Bockemühl Till , Büschges Ansgar
Published: October 2022

Legged locomotion in terrestrial animals is often essential for mating and survival, and locomotor behavior must be robust and adaptable to be successful. This adaptability is largely provided by proprioceptors monitoring positions and movements of body parts and providing feedback to other components of locomotor networks. In insects, proprioceptive chordotonal organs span joints and encode parameters of relative movement between segments. Previous studies have used whole-organ ablation, reduced preparations or broad physiological manipulations to impair the function of the femoral chordotonal organ (fCO), which monitors the femur–tibia joint, and have demonstrated its contribution to interleg coordination and walking behavior. The fCO in Drosophila melanogaster comprises groups of neurons that differ in their morphology and encoding properties (club, hook, claw); sub-population-level manipulations of fCO function have not been methodologically accessible. Here, we took advantage of the genetic toolkit available in D. melanogaster to identify sub-populations of fCO neurons and used transient optogenetic inhibition to investigate their roles in locomotor coordination. Our findings demonstrate that optogenetic inhibition of a subset of club and hook neurons replicates the effects of inhibiting the whole fCO; when inhibited alone, however, the individual subset types did not strongly affect spatial aspects of single-leg kinematics. Moreover, fCO subsets seem to play only a minor role in interleg temporal coordination. Thus, the fCO contains functionally distinct subgroups, and this functional classification may differ from those based on anatomy and encoding properties; this should be investigated in future studies of proprioceptors and their involvement in locomotor networks.
Exploring the limits to turning performance with size and shape variation in dogs
Authors: Haagensen Tina , Gaschk Joshua L. , Schultz Johanna T. , Clemente Christofer J.
Published: October 2022

Manoeuvrability, the ability to make rapid changes in direction, is central to animal locomotion. Turning performance may depend on the ability to successfully complete key challenges including: withstanding additional lateral forces, maintaining sufficient friction, lateral leaning during a turn and rotating the body to align with the new heading. We filmed high-speed turning in domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) to quantify turning performance and explore how performance varies with body size and shape. Maximal speed decreased with higher angular velocity, greater centripetal acceleration and smaller turning radii, supporting a force limit for wider turns and a friction limit for sharp turns. Variation in turning ability with size was complex: medium sized dogs produced greater centripetal forces, had relatively higher friction coefficients, and generally aligned the body better with the heading compared with smaller and larger bodied dogs. Body shape also had a complex pattern, with longer forelimbs but shorter hindlimbs being associated with better turning ability. Further, although more crouched forelimbs were associated with an increased ability to realign the body in the direction of movement, more upright hindlimbs were related to greater centripetal and tangential accelerations. Thus, we demonstrate that these biomechanical challenges to turning can vary not only with changes in speed or turning radius, but also with changes in morphology. These results will have significant implications for understanding the link between form and function in locomotory studies, but also in predicting the outcome of predator–prey encounters.
Metabolic rate increases with acclimation temperature and is associated with mitochondrial function in some tissues of threespine stickleback
Authors: Cominassi Louise , Ressel Kirsten N. , Brooking Allison A. , Marbacher Patrick , Ransdell-Green Eleanor C. , O'Brien Kristin M.
Published: October 2022

The metabolic rate (ṀO2) of eurythermal fishes changes in response to temperature, yet it is unclear how changes in mitochondrial function contribute to changes in ṀO2. We hypothesized that ṀO2 would increase with acclimation temperature in the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in parallel with metabolic remodeling at the cellular level but that changes in metabolism in some tissues, such as liver, would contribute more to changes in ṀO2 than others. Threespine stickleback were acclimated to 5, 12 and 20°C for 7 to 21 weeks. At each temperature, standard and maximum metabolic rate (SMR and MMR, respectively), and absolute aerobic scope (AAS) were quantified, along with mitochondrial respiration rates in liver, oxidative skeletal and cardiac muscles, and the maximal activity of citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in liver, and oxidative and glycolytic skeletal muscles. SMR, MMR and AAS increased with acclimation temperature, along with rates of mitochondrial phosphorylating respiration in all tissues. Low SMR and MMR at 5°C were associated with low or undetectable rates of mitochondrial complex II activity and a greater reliance on complex I activity in liver, oxidative skeletal muscle and heart. SMR was positively correlated with cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity in liver and oxidative muscle, but not mitochondrial proton leak, whereas MMR was positively correlated with CCO activity in liver. Overall, the results suggest that changes in ṀO2 in response to temperature are driven by changes in some aspects of mitochondrial function in some, but not all, tissues of threespine stickleback.
O BARATO PODE CUSTAR CARO: DESASTRES AMBIENTAIS ENVOLVENDO A VALE S.A. E RELAÇÕES COM RISCOS EMPRESARIAIS
Authors: Santos Allisson Silva dos , Brito Anderson Dias , Moreira Caritsa Scartaty
Published: October 2022

O caso retrata as estruturas de operacionalização de barragens da Vale S.A. e quais são as ameaças e os incentivos ao utilizá-las. A empresa é a responsável pelos desastres ambientais que ocorreram em Minas Gerais, especificamente, em Mariana e Brumadinho. Por muito tempo, a Vale utilizou-se de alteamento a montante com o intuito de garantir menor custo, maior disponibilidade de material e facilidade construtiva. Em contrapartida, a estrutura a montante dispõe de uma menor segurança e de uma consequente maior chance de rompimento. Considerando o enredo de rompimentos que ocorreram em cidades mineiras, este caso de ensino visa estimular a discussão e reconhecer as relações entre risco e retorno no contexto de atividades da Vale. Com o viés didático, o caso pode ser utilizado em aulas de cursos da área de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas que contenham disciplinas relacionadas às Finanças Empresariais e Gestão Organizacional.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DE BOURDIEU PARA A AVALIAÇÃO DO DESEMPENHO AMBIENTAL DAS ORGANIZAÇÕES: A VOZ DAS MINORIAS
Authors: Silva Flavia Cristina , Shibao Fabio Ytoshi
Published: October 2022

Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a abordagem paradigmática pela qual se orientam as pesquisas sobre desempenho ambiental das organizações e propor uma nova perspectiva de avaliação que contemple as minorias da Gestão da Cadeia de Suprimentos Verde (GCSV). Por meio de análise sistemática da literatura, verificou-se que os trabalhos se dedicaram à mensuração de indicadores e à avaliação do desempenho em relação à implementação de práticas de GCSV. Identificou-se que os estudos se orientaram pelo paradigma positivista, e a perspectiva de avaliação das próprias organizações estudadas foram favorecidas pela maioria dos estudos. Em menor proporção, seguiu-se a interpretação das organizações clientes e dos investidores. Constatou-se que os agentes institucionalizados são legitimados para a avaliação do desempenho ambiental das organizações, o que não ocorre com os públicos que não pertencem às instituições, como no caso de membros da comunidade em geral, que, apesar de sofrer as consequências dos impactos ambientais das atividades da organização, figuram como dominados no campo ambiental e não dispõe de capital suficiente para exercerem poder. Este estudo traz contribuições teóricas na medida em que propõe a adoção da teoria social de Pierre Bourdieu como uma nova abordagem paradigmática para a avaliação do desempenho ambiental das organizações a partir do habitus das populações, o que resulta em um dispositivo útil à mediação de conflitos ambientais, tanto para a prática de gestão como para políticas públicas.
Η οικονομική αποτίμηση των πρόωρων νεογνών στην Ελλάδα
Authors: Χατζίκου Μαγδαλινή
Published: October 2022

Πρόλογος: Οι Μονάδες Εντατικής Νοσηλείας Νεογνών αποτελούν έναν από τους ακριβότερους νοσοκομειακούς τομείς, απορροφώντας ποσοστό μεταξύ 20%-35% των νοσοκομειακών προϋπολογισμών. Η αποτίμηση του κόστους χωρίς τη μέτρηση της αποτελεσματικότητας δεν μπορεί να αποτελέσει αποδοτικό δείκτη στα σύγχρονα συστήματα υγείας. Σκοπός: Η ανεύρεση του κόστους που συνάγεται στην κοινωνία η λειτουργία των Μονάδων Εντατικής Νοσηλείας Νεογνών και τα οφέλη που αυτές επιφέρουν αποδιδόμενα σε κερδισμένα έτη ζωής.Μέθοδος: Για τον υπολισμό του κόστους νοσηλείας νεογνών, πραγματοποιήθηκε μίκρο-κοστολόγηση σε μονάδες εντατικής νοσηλείας νεογνών των δύο δημόσιων μαιευτικών νοσοκομείων της Αττικής και συγκρίθηκε με το κόστος που προέκυψε από μελέτη κοστολόγησης των ΜΕΝΝ μαιευτικών νοσοκομείων το 1989 διαχωρισμένο σε κατηγορίες βάρους γέννησης των νεογνών. Η αποτελεσματικότητα αποτιμάται από την αποφευχθείσα περιγεννητική θνησιμότητα που οφείλεται στις μονάδες εντατικής νοσηλείας νεογνών. Για την υλοποίηση της ανάλυσης κόστους αποτελεσματικότητας χρησιμοποιήθηκαν:•Το κόστος νεογνών νοσηλευθέντων σε παιδιατρικά νοσοκομεία 1989•Περιγεννητική θνησιμότητα το 1989•Το κόστος νεογνών νοσηλευθέντων σε παιδιατρικά νοσοκομεία 2004•Προσδόκιμο επιβίωσης το 1989•Περιγεννητική θνησιμότητα το 2004•Δείκτης Τιμών Καταναλωτή έτους 1989, 2004 & 2008•Προσδόκιμο Επιβίωσης το 2004•Προεξοφλητικό Επιτόκιο 3,5% & 5%Αποτελέσματα: Στην κατηγορία νεογνών βάρους γέννησης <1000γραμ ο οριακός λόγος κόστους ανά κερδισμένο έτος ζωής αποτιμάται στα €1.509,57, Στην κατηγορία νεογνών βάρους γέννησης 1000 ≤ γρ< 1500 ο οριακός λόγος ανέρχεται στα €911,78, η κατηγορία νεογνών 1500 ≤ γρ < 2000 ανέρχεται στα €141,88, η κατηγορία βάρους γέννησης νεογνών 2000 ≤ γρ < 2500 ανέρχεται στα €2.389,24, όπου αποτελεί και τον υψηλότερο λόγο κόστους ανά κερδισμένο έτος ζωής. Τέλος ο οριακός λόγος κόστους αποτελεσματικότητας της κατηγορίας βάρους νεογνών >2500 γραμ. ανέρχεται στα €565,07. Πραγματοποιήθηκε προεξόφληση των αποτελεσμάτων με επιτόκια 3,5% και 5% ώστε να διαφανεί η αξιοπιστία (robustness) των αποτελεσμάτων.
Building Peace from the Bottom Up: The Case of Liberia
Authors: Calléja Lucie
Published: October 2022

Over the last two decades, national and international peacebuilding initiatives have increasingly emphasised the need to include a wider range of actors in post-conflict and peace processes. The importance of developing women’s skills and full participation in the peacebuilding sphere has been recognised and promoted by legal norms such as the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 (UNSCR 1325) on Women, Peace, and Security (WPS), adopted in 2000. Even though the progress made on women’s participation in peacebuilding processes cannot be ignored, the effective implementation of policy frameworks remains limited, especially in conflict and post-conflict countries. In this context, this paper analyses the role of community-based initiatives in empowering local women in peace-making and peacebuilding processes, using the case study of the Second Liberian Civil War (1999-2003) and the Women in Peacebuilding Network (WIPNET). This article emphasizes the importance of inclusive peacemaking through a review of Liberian women’s peace activism throughout the official talks.
Epidemiology of pediatric schistosomiasis in hard-to-reach areas and populations: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Isaiah Phyllis Munyiva , Palmeirim Marta Sólveig , Steinmann Peter
Published: October 2022

Background: Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease (NTD) that affects millions of people. Children are the most vulnerable group to developing overt disease. An estimated 779 million people are at risk of schistosomiasis and 50 million preschool-age children (PSAC) need treatment. PSAC are not currently targeted by national chemotherapy campaigns due to a lack of suitable pediatric formulations of praziquantel. The Pediatric Praziquantel Consortium has developed an orally dispersible praziquantel formulation (arpraziquantel) and is facilitating its adoption for schistosomiasis control by endemic countries through the ADOPT program – an implementation research program that paves the way for the large-scale delivery of the child-friendly formulation to treat schistosomiasis in preschool-aged children in endemic countries. A key challenge for comprehensive NTD control including schistosomiasis is reaching all at-risk populations, including those hard to reach. Main access barriers include geographic, social and economic conditions.

Objective: This scoping literature review aims to document the epidemiology of schistosomiasis in children under 6 years of age living in hard-to-reach areas and populations.

Methods: This review will adopt the five-stage scoping review process of identifying the research question, identifying relevant studies, study selection, charting data and collating, summarizing and reporting results. Electronic databases including Medline, Web of Science, Embase (Ovid), LILACS and African Journals OnLine (AJOL) will be searched for relevant articles. Two independent reviewers will screen identified articles using a two-stage approach of reviewing the title/abstract and then the full text of provisionally retained articles. Relevant literatures will be downloaded into EndNote X9 to maintain and manage citation and facilitate the overall review process. A meta-analysis will be conducted if indicated.

Relevance: The results will provide insights into the burden of schistosomiasis among marginalized PSAC, aiming to produce evidence on the need for inclusion of this population when designing the expansion of preventive chemotherapy programs.
W obliczu czerwonego niebezpieczeństwa. Destrukcyjny wizerunek bolszewizmu w myśli politycznej Narodowej Demokracji 1918–1939. Wybrane aspekty
Authors: Wojdyło Witold
Published: October 2022

Jako odmiana doktryny komunistycznej bolszewizm formował się w Rosji w latach 1903–1920, stając się po rewolucji październikowej 1917 r. oficjalną i zarazem jedyną podstawą działalności bolszewików. Podejmując i rozwijając w projekcjach społeczno-politycznych kwestie dotyczące stanowiska wobec bolszewizmu, polska nacjonalistyczna formacja polityczna dużo uwagi poświęcała jego fundamentom ideowym, mechanizmom stworzonego na jego podstawie systemu politycznego i wynikającym z tego faktu destrukcyjnym zagrożeniom przenikającym do nowo powstałego po 123 latach niewoli narodowej państwa polskiego.
Struktura i obroty handlowe między RFN a ZSRR w latach 70. XX w. jako przejaw postępującego spowolnienia i kryzysu gospodarczego Związku Radzieckiego
Authors: Klimiuk Zbigniew
Published: October 2022

Artykuł analizuje ewolucję wymiany handlowej między RFN a Związkiem Radzieckim. W latach 70. XX w. nastąpiła jakościowa zmiana charakteru współpracy między obu krajami wywołana częściowym otwarciem ZSRR na kontakty gospodarcze z krajami zachodnimi (głównie z krajami należącymi do EWG). Charakteryzowała się ona rozwojem nowych form powiązań, które nie pomniejszyły jednak znaczenia tradycyjnej wymiany handlowej. Wymiana towarowa była nadal składnikiem organicznym każdej formy stosunków gospodarczych, w której materializowały się wszystkie inne płaszczyzny współpracy. Rozwój handlu zagranicznego tworzył przesłanki dla bardziej zaawansowanego współdziałania wraz z pogłębieniem międzynarodowego podziału pracy. Z kolei rozwój nowych form współpracy oddziaływał na dynamikę i strukturę wymiany towarowej oraz powodował jej zmiany jakościowe. Analiza wielkości i struktury wymiany handlowej Związku Radzieckiego, szczególnie z krajami wysoko rozwiniętymi, pozwala odpowiedzieć na pytanie, w jakim kierunku ewoluowała jego sytuacja gospodarcza oraz jaki charakter przybrały ówczesne trendy rozwojowe. W latach 70. podjęto próbę ratowania coraz bardziej nieefektywnego systemu nakazowo-rozdzielczego w ZSRR poprzez import kapitału (kredyty, pożyczki, inwestycje bezpośrednie) i technologii z Zachodu. Źródłem spłat kapitałów obcych oraz importu inwestycyjnego stał się eksport surowców (szczególnie ropy naftowej i gazu), będący efektem znacznego zwiększenia ich wydobycia. W wyniku prowadzonej polityki ZSRR stawał się w coraz większym stopniu krajem surowcowym i zapleczem ich dostaw do krajów wysoko rozwiniętych, w tym przede wszystkim do RFN. Artykuł powstał na podstawie studiów literaturowych oraz analiz statystycznych. Ma charakter analityczny.
Polscy dżihadyści – analiza zagrożenia ze strony terrorystów islamistycznych polskiego pochodzenia
Authors: Mazur Przemysław
Published: October 2022

Terroryzm jest uważany za jedno z najpoważniejszych zagrożeń dzisiejszego świata. Jedną z najczęstszych motywacji jego stosowania jest realizacja misji szerzenia religii rozumianej w sposób bardzo specyficzny. Celem artykułu było skatalogowanie znanych przypadków Polaków lub ludzi pochodzenia polskiego, którzy brali udział w globalnym projekcie salafickiego dżihadyzmu oraz zrozumienie ich motywacji i sposobu radykalizacji. Wreszcie podjęto próbę oceny ryzyka zagrożenia terroryzmem islamistycznym w Polsce.
Turkey’s Presence in the Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence in the Context of Turkey’s Soft Power
Authors: Szyszlak Elżbieta
Published: October 2022

The Council of Europe Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, commonly known as the Istanbul Convention, and in Poland also as the anti-violence convention, was opened for signature in Istanbul on May 11, 2011. Turkey was one of the first countries to sign and ratify the document. Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, then as Prime Minister-in-Office, was one of the great advocates of Ankara ratifying the Convention. However, the politician, already as president, “celebrated” the Republic’s decade-long presence in the Convention by signing a decree in March 2021 annulling Turkey’s ratification of the document. The text aims to analyse Turkey’s involvement in the preparation and subsequent adoption of the Istanbul Convention in the context of building Turkish soft power on the Old Continent. The text structure is as follows: the first part will define the concept of soft power and analyse the evolution of Turkish soft power. Then, the Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence will be described, and the next part will chronologically describe the presence of the Republic in the Convention. The last part analyses Turkey’s activities related to the preparation and adoption of the Istanbul Convention in the context of building Turkish soft power in Europe.
Social Integration Processes of the Roma in Montenegro in 2006–2017
Authors: Samoilenko Yuliia
Published: October 2022

The article reveals the processes of social integration of the Roma in Montenegro in 2006–2017. The author analyses the performances of the government regarding the Roma issue. The article also shows that the Roma socialization process is an essential premise for Montenegro in their determination to European integration, which requires substantial adjustment and improvements in the legal system. In the research, the author assesses official documents concerning the Roma, which shows that the Roma community complies with a significant part of the overall Montenegrin population. Interestingly, almost two-thirds of Roma in Montenegro arrived at the country during the war in Kosovo in 1999–2000 and then received the status of internally displaced persons what made them hostages of international law for the decade. In addition, considering the social and cultural differences of the ethnic group with other nations living in the country, the integration process into the Montenegrin society is a real challenge for the state. The problem of social adaptation of the Roma is a topical issue for national welfare and security not only for Montenegro but for the whole of Central and Eastern Europe. Being a participant of the regional initiative “The Decade of Roma Inclusion” since 2005, the government of Montenegro have actively advanced the national legal system, developed and implemented projects for dwellings, education and culture of the Roma community. It is also noticeable that solving the Roma issue in the country correlates with the foreign policy objectives such as European and Euro-Atlantic integration. The author provides different examples to prove that in the first eleven years of independence, the government of Montenegro managed to make significant steps forward to the acceptance of European values through strenuous legal reforms.
El cinturón sabélico-samnita de El Turó del Montgròs (El Brull, Barcelona): ¿evidencia y crónica de un nostos ausetano?.
Authors: Principal Jordi , Molist Capella Núria , Gallego Cañamero José Miguel
Published: October 2022

En el presente trabajo se propone la identificación de una pieza singular hallada hace más de 30 años en el oppidum ibérico de El Turó del Montgròs (El Brull, Barcelona) como un cinturón sabélico-samnita. El contexto de aparición permite vincular la pieza con un ritual de exposición de spolia hostium. Su presencia en el oppidum ausetano se relaciona con la actividad mercenaria de las poblaciones iberas.
Étudier les dynamiques de peuplement entre l'Èbre moyen et les Pyrénées occidentales durant l’Antiquité tardive (III – VIIe siècle) avec les SIG. Première approche.
Authors: Tobalina Pulido Leticia
Published: October 2022

Cet article propose une analyse du peuplement rural tardoantique (IIIe -VIIe siècles) dans l’espace situé entre l’Èbre et la chaîne des Pyrénées, une aire d’étude qui n’a pas bénéficié jusqu’à présent de synthèse archéologique sur le peuplement à cette période. En traitant les données avec un SIG, l’article vise à cerner les dynamiques spatiales et temporelles du peuplement rural durant l’Antiquité tardive. Le corpus d’étude est composé de données obtenues grâce aux rapports de fouille, d’archéologie préventive et programmée, et aux prospections, afin d’établir une première approche du peuplement en prenant en considération tous les renseignements disponibles. Nous allons corréler différentes variables spatiales et temporelles : l’intensité du travail archéologique, le potentiel agricole, l’espacement entre les sites, l’altitude, la distance par rapport aux voies de communication (fluviales et viaires), l’évolution de la représentation de sites dans le système de peuplement. La dynamique des sites est aussi étudiée en prenant en compte leur fonction (villae, fermes, nécropoles, etc.). Les résultats de ces études statistiques fournissent une première approche des dynamiques de la zone étudiée. Ainsi, on constate un tournant qui s’opère au Ve siècle : nous observons un changement significatif dans la dynamique du peuplement ainsi qu’une réduction drastique des sites ruraux actifs. Cela permet de bien distinguer deux modèles de peuplement : Le premier, un modèle compris entre le IIIe siècle et la première moitié du Ve siècle et, le second, pour la période comprise entre la fin du Ve siècle et le VIIe siècle. Mots-clés Peuplement, Pyrénées, dynamiques spatio-temporelles, analyses spatiales, Antiquité tardive.
Falls 3: how long-term conditions and acute illness increase the risk of falls
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: October 2022

The world's population is ageing and as people age, they are more likely to develop one or more long-term conditions. These conditions can increase the risk of falls and ill-health. This article explores how long-term conditions can affect the risk of falls.
Optimising the reprocessing of endoscopes for patient safety
Authors: Arora Anjali , George Mini
Published: October 2022

Background:

Annually, millions of endoscopies are performed around the globe. Endoscopes are reused countless times, and it is essential to reprocess them. Appropriate reprocessing maximises safety for patients undergoing endoscopy.

Aim:

This study aimed to assess practices before and after implementation of an evidence-based protocol in the endoscopy unit of a tertiary hospital in India.

Methods:

The protocol was communicated to healthcare professionals (HCPs) in a blended learning format. A validated reliable checklist was used by one group of HCPs to assess factors, practice and microbial growth before and after implementation of the protocol.

Results:

Most HCPs were male (71.42%) and nurses (57.14%). With no formal training, the practice scores were in an unacceptable range before the protocol and reached acceptable levels after. While the outer tip of endoscope showed no microbial growth, high concern organisms such as Escherichia coli were detected in suction channels. The protocol was effective in improving practice (t=-23.86; p<0.00) and reducing microbial growth (11.07; p<0.003), respectively.

Conclusion:

Facilities need to standardise guidelines of practice to ensure training, provide oversight and assess competency.
Effect of aromatherapy with lavender and damask rose extracts on anxiety in endoscopy patients: a randomised trial
Authors: Jirdehi Maryam Mirzaee , Monfared Arezoo , Ghanaei Fariborz Mansour , Leyli Ehsan Kazemnezhad
Published: October 2022

Background:

The endoscopy procedure may cause anxiety.

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the effects of aromatherapy comparing lavender oil and rose damask oil on relieving the anxiety of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy patients.

Methods:

105 subjects were randomly allocated into three groups of aromatherapies: the lavender essential oil group; aromatherapy with rose damask essential oil group; and the control group. The data collection tool used was the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). In each experimental group, subjects inhaled two drops of lavender or rose damask essential oil.

Findings:

Results showed that after the intervention, there was a significant statistical difference in the mean anxiety level of the three groups (P=0.0001). The results demonstrated less anxiety after inhaling damask rose oil than lavender, but this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.62).

Conclusions:

The findings confirmed the positive effect of aromatherapy with damask rose and lavender extract oils on reducing the anxiety of patients before an endoscopy. Since complementary medicine is increasingly used in nursing care, aromatherapy can be applied as a supplementary method to alleviate anxiety in patients.
Optimising endoscopy practice with artificial intelligence
Authors: Mori Yuichi
Published: October 2022

The World Endoscopy Organization discusses the use of artificial intelligence in endoscopy practice
Competing discourses in early childhood education and care
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: October 2022

What are the concerns in the early childhood education and care sector about the global education reform movement? Dave Hancock summarises a recent report
Prevalence, probability, and characteristics of malaria and filariasis co-infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wilairatana Polrat , Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar , Mala Wanida , Wangdi Kinley , Kotepui Manas
Published: October 2022

Background

Malaria and filariasis are significant vector-borne diseases that are co-endemic in the same human populations. This study aims to collate the evidence, probability, and characteristics of malaria and filariasis co-infections in participants among studies reporting the co-occurrence of both diseases.

Methods

We searched for potentially relevant articles reporting the co-occurrence of malaria and filariasis in five electronic databases (Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and CENTRAL) from inception to May 22, 2022. We estimated the pooled prevalence and probability of malaria and filariasis co-infections among study participants using random-effects meta-analyses and synthesized the characteristics of patients with co-infections narratively.

Results

We identified 951 articles, 24 of which (96,838 participants) met eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Results of the meta-analysis showed a pooled prevalence of malaria and filariasis co-infections among participants of 11%. The prevalence of co-infections was 2.3% in Africa, 0.2% in Asia, and 1.6% in South America. The pooled prevalences of malaria andWuchereria bancrofti, malaria andLoa loa, malaria andMansonella perstansco-infections were 0.7%, 1.2%, and 1.0%, respectively. The meta-analysis results showed that the co-infections between two parasites occurred by probability (P= 0.001). Patients with co-infections were at increased risk of having an enlarged spleen, a lower rate of severe anemia, lower parasite density, and more asymptomatic clinical status. Patients with co-infections had decreased levels of C-X-C motif chemokine 5, tumor necrosis factor–α, interleukin-4, c4 complement, and interleukin-10. In addition, patients with co-infections had a lower interleukin-10/tumor necrosis factor–α ratio and higher interleukin-10/interleukin-6 ratio.

Conclusion

The present study showed that the prevalence of malaria and filariasis co-infections was low and varied between geographical areas in the selected articles. Co-infections tended to occur with a low probability. Further studies investigating the outcomes and characteristics of co-infections are needed.
Simulation analysis of the effect of single-chamber double-line pipe jacking through different soil materials on surface uplift and subsidence
Authors: Jia Xingli , Jiao Zexuan , Liu Shuaifeng , Zhang Hua , Shang Boming
Published: October 2022

This article is based on the relocation project of the 330 kV overhead line in Xi’an, China. In this paper, the soil settlement under different jacking depths was calculated by using the modified Peck’s formula. Meanwhile, by modeling in ABAQUS, the jacking process of a single-chamber double-line large diameter pipeline under different soil conditions was simulated, and the ground deformation data under the different simulated working conditions were obtained. The results of the two methods were compared with the construction monitoring results, and it was found that the finite element simulation results were closer to the actual results. The control variable method was used in the analysis of the surface soil deformation law to analyze the effect of different soil parameters and pipe jacking depths on surface soil deformation. Finally, the best soil conditions applicable to single-chamber double-line large diameter pipe jacking construction were obtained through comparative analysis. The results show that (1) when using double-line construction, the maximum surface settlement under different soil conditions is located 11–15 m from the centerline of the soil above the pipeline, the minimum settlement location is inside the isolation pile, and with the increase in jacking distance, the settlement at the same section of the surface will gradually decrease and finally produce a small uplift. (2) In the first jacking, the settlement of powder clay is the largest, and the maximum settlement points in the surface section are more distributed. The maximum settlement value is approximately 11.66 mm. The settlement of powder soil is the smallest but produces a certain uplift deformation, and its maximum settlement is more concentrated in the surface section. After the comparison of deformation and soil parameters, loess-like soil is more suitable for single-compartment double-line large diameter pipe jacking construction. (3) When the top pipe burial depth changes, the greater the burial depth is, the smaller the settlement but the greater the lateral influence range. In the soil parameters, the modulus of elasticity only changes 3 MPa, and the settlement change value is approximately 5 mm. By changing the parameters, it can be obtained that the larger the modulus of elasticity of the soil is, the smaller its deformation. The larger the internal friction angle of the soil is, the smaller its deformation, but the maximum value of settlement change is only 1.7 mm, which means that the change in the internal friction angle has little effect on the soil deformation.
Prevalence of cancer in relation to signs of periodontal inflammation
Authors: Meurman Jukka H. , Källmén Håkan , Andersson Leif. C. , Yucel-Lindberg Tulay , Söder Birgitta
Published: October 2022

We investigated the associations between periodontal inflammation (gingivitis and periodontitis) and all-kind malignancies, specifically breast and prostate cancer, in a cohort followed-up for 30 years. The study hypothesis was based on the oral inflammation vs. systemic health paradigm. A sample of 2,168 subjects from an original cohort of 105,718 individuals from the greater Stockholm area in Sweden that had been followed since 1985 was investigated. Swedish national health registers were used in the study. Chi-square tests and logistic multiple regression analyses were conducted. The results showed that periodontitis was significantly associated with any cancer after adjusting for gender, age, income, and education (p = 0.015). The probability of getting cancer increased on average by 38% if the patient had periodontitis vs. had not; the odds ratio was 1.380 (95% confidence interval l.066-1.786). No significant association was observed between periodontitis and breast cancer (p = 0.608), while the association between periodontitis and prostate cancer tended towards significance (p = 0.082). However, no statistically significant difference was found between the observed and the calculated distribution of any cancer in gingivitis groups (p = 0.079). Thus, the study hypothesis was partly confirmed by showing a statistically significant association between periodontitis and any cancer.
Inhibiting glutamine utilization creates a synthetic lethality for suppression of ATP citrate lyase in KRas-driven cancer cells
Authors: Hatipoglu Ahmet , Menon Deepak , Levy Talia , Frias Maria A. , Foster David A.
Published: October 2022

Metabolic reprogramming is now considered a hallmark of cancer cells. KRas-driven cancer cells use glutaminolysis to generate the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate α-ketoglutarate via a transamination reaction between glutamate and oxaloacetate. We reported previously that exogenously supplied unsaturated fatty acids could be used to synthesize phosphatidic acid–a lipid second messenger that activates both mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). A key target of mTORC2 is Akt–a kinase that promotes survival and regulates cell metabolism. We report here that mono-unsaturated oleic acid stimulates the phosphorylation of ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) at the Akt phosphorylation site at S455 in an mTORC2 dependent manner. Inhibition of ACLY in KRas-driven cancer cells in the absence of serum resulted in loss of cell viability. We examined the impact of glutamine (Gln) deprivation in combination with inhibition of ACLY on the viability of KRas-driven cancer cells. While Gln deprivation was somewhat toxic to KRas-driven cancer cells by itself, addition of the ACLY inhibitor SB-204990 increased the loss of cell viability. However, the transaminase inhibitor aminooxyacetate was minimally toxic and the combination of SB-204990 and aminooxtacetate led to significant loss of cell viability and strong cleavage of poly-ADP ribose polymerase–indicating apoptotic cell death. This effect was not observed in MCF7 breast cancer cells that do not have a KRas mutation or in BJ-hTERT human fibroblasts which have no oncogenic mutation. These data reveal a synthetic lethality between inhibition of glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and ACLY inhibition that is specific for KRas-driven cancer cells and the apparent metabolic reprogramming induced by activating mutations to KRas.
Isolation, identification and antibiotic resistance profile of thermophilic Campylobacter species from Bovine, Knives and personnel at Jimma Town Abattoir, Ethiopia
Authors: Debelo Motuma , Mohammed Nezif , Tiruneh Abebaw , Tolosa Tadele
Published: October 2022

Thermophilic Campylobacter species are common cause of animal and human bacterial diseases with growing resistance to antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Campylobacter species from bovine, knives and personnel in Jimma Town, Ethiopia. Faecal samples and carcasses swabs were collected from cattle systematically selected from the annual plan of Jimma Municipal Abattoir. Personnel hand and knife swabs were collected after slaughtering each selected cattle. A cross-sectional study with systematic sampling method was conducted from October 2019 to September 2020 for the isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of thermophilic Campylobacter species. Isolation and identification of Campylobacter species were performed according to the techniques recommended by the International Organization for Standardization, and in vitro antibiotic susceptibility testing was screened using the standard agar disc diffusion method as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institutions. A total of 684 samples (171 samples from faeces, carcasses, knives and personnel hands, were collected independently). The overall prevalence of thermophilic Campylobacterspecies was 5.6% (38/684). Majority of the isolates were from faecal samples (12.9%, n = 22) followed by carcass swabs(4.1% n = 7), knife swabs(3.5% n = 6) and personnel hand swabs(1.8% n = 3). Isolated and identified species of C.jejuni, C. coli and C. lari accounted for 63.2%, 23.7% and 13.2%, respectively. The isolated Campylobacter species were found to be resistant to Cephalothin (100%), Ampicillin (60.5%), Cefotaxime (60.5%), Chloramphenicol (47.4%) and Tetracycline (42.1%). On the other hand, the isolates were susceptible to Nalidixic acid (86.8%), Ciprofloxacin (86.8%), Sulphamethazole (84.2%), Ceftriaxone (78.9%), Clindamycin (68.4%) and Cefixime (65.8%). 84.2% of the isolates showed multi-drug resistance for three-to-six drug classes. All the C. lari isolates were multidrug resistant. All the three isolated species of Campylobacter were resistant to Cephalothin, and most were multidrug resistant. Isolation of Campylobacter species from faecal, carcass, knife and hand swabs revealed possible risk of contamination and exposure to Campylobacter infection of those who consume raw meat. Therefore, enactment of hygienic practices during the slaughtering process, proper handling and cooking of meat and awareness creation on jurisdictional antibiotic usage are required to avoid Campylobacter infection.
Evaluation of a library of loxP variants with a wide range of recombination efficiencies by Cre
Authors: Yamauchi Yuji , Matsukura Hidenori , Motone Keisuke , Ueda Mitsuyoshi , Aoki Wataru
Published: October 2022

Sparse labeling of individual cells is an important approach in neuroscience and many other fields of research. Various methods have been developed to sparsely label only a small population of cells; however, there is no simple and reproducible strategy for managing the probability of sparse labeling at desired levels. Here, we aimed to develop a novel methodology based on the Cre-lox system to regulate sparseness at desired levels, and we purely analyzed cleavage efficiencies of loxP mutants by Cre. We hypothesized that mutations in the loxP sequence reduce the recognition efficiency by Cre, which enables the regulation of the sparseness level of gene expression. In this research, we mutagenized the loxP sequence and analyzed a library of loxP variants. We evaluated more than 1000 mutant loxP sequences, including mutants with reduced excision efficiencies by Cre ranging from 0.51% to 59%. This result suggests that these mutant loxP sequences can be useful in regulating the sparseness of genetic labeling at desired levels.
In vitro versus cryo-induced capacitation of bovine spermatozoa, part 1: Structural, functional, and oxidative similarities and differences
Authors: Benko Filip , Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh Abdollah , Ďuračka Michal , Lukáč Norbert , Tvrdá Eva
Published: October 2022

Low temperatures during cryopreservation activate a cascade of changes, which may lead into irreversible damage and reduction of the fertilization potential, including the process of premature capacitation. The aim of our study was to evaluate the range of cell damage following the cryopreservation process and possible activation of cryocapacitation in bovine spermatozoa. For the experiments semen samples were obtained from 30 sexually mature Holstein bulls. Within the analysed parameters, we focused on the functional activity, structural integrity, capacitation status and oxidative profile. The samples were divided into three experimental groups, control (CTRL), in vitro capacitated (CAP) and cryopreserved (CRYO). Based on the collected data, there was a significant decrease in the sperm motility, mitochondrial membrane potential and concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the CRYO group when compared to CAP and CTRL (P<0.0001). A significant decrease (P<0.01; P<0.0001) in the membrane and acrosome integrity as well as DNA fragmentation index and a significant increase (P<0.0001) of necrotic cells were observed in the CRYO group. Following capacitation, a significant increase (P<0.01; P<0.0001) was recorded in the number of cells which underwent the acrosome reaction in the CRYO group against CAP and CTRL. Changes in the oxidative profile of the CRYO group indicates an increase (P<0.0001) in the reactive oxygen species generation, except for the superoxide radical, which was significantly higher (P<0.0001; P<0.001) in the CAP group in comparison with CRYO and CTRL. In summary, premature capacitation may be considered a consequence of cryopreservation and the assessed parameters could serve as physical markers of cryogenic damage to bovine spermatozoa in the future.
Beautiful the beauty—Dionne Brand’s Theory and Canisia Lubrin’s Voodoo Hypothesis
Authors: Perry Cox Alexei
Published: October 2022

Against the reductive and the often universalizing poetics of much poetry and much theoretical discourse that abandons feelings from its rhetoric, the works of Dionne Brand’s Theory and Canisia Lubrin’s Voodoo Hypothesis promote layered, black and multivocal reflections on beauty. They act out self-interrogating dialectics rather than provide symbolic clarity of their subjects. There is no aesthetic consolation in these works and that’s where the beauty lies. Their works ask readers to enter into irreducible complexity as a form of attention. I posit that these black creative politics – in this poetry – are tied up in reading-work that can newly anticipate our global condition through ethical collectivity.
It’s All About the Body: Zombification and the Male Gaze in Oryx and Crake and Brown Girl in the Ring
Authors: Alegría-Hernández José V.
Published: October 2022

This article seeks to analyse the commodification of women of colour in two dystopian Canadian novels: Brown Girl in the Ring (1998), by Nalo Hopkinson, and Oryx and Crake (2003), by Margaret Atwood. I argue that the women in these stories are subjected to similar patriarchal strategies of control. Namely, I suggest they are zombified through the male gaze, or in other words, they are regarded as ambulatory bodies by their societies. This draws attention to the Canadian government’s neoliberal policies that often belie neocolonial undertones in their usage of the bodies of women of colour. In addition to this, I will focus on the characters’ ability to resist this totalising and zombifying gaze through different means. Here I posit that Hopkinson presents a world that emphasises commonality among women and, therefore, her characters are more successful in dismantling patriarchal structures. In opposition to this, I argue that Atwood’s novel isolates Oryx which makes her unable to achieve structural change, and therefore she chooses to become an elusive figure as a form of protest.
Emergent Critical Strategies Against the Nation- Trap: The Digitization of Literary Apocalyptic Affects and Larissa Lai’s The Tiger Flu
Authors: Cormier Matthew
Published: October 2022

Focused on interrogating the ways in which twenty-first century writing in Canada is currently approached critically and theoretically, this article proposes new reading methods that expose the influence of nation-state powers over literary productions. In particular, this article takes up Larissa Lai’s dynamic, post-apocalyptic novel, The Tiger Flu, as a case study to examine these ideas by using digital tools. It studies the novel’s reflections on gender, sexuality, and technology within re-imagined