bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEXICAL MEANS OF INFLUENCE IN POLITICAL TEXT: GENRE OF SPEECH
Authors: Tsvirkun T. V.
Published: November 2020

Language in the modern world allows not only inform, communicate, report something. It not only helps to understand the world and serves as a means of expressing feelings, transmitting impressions, but also a means of influence on recipients. In the present conditions of human development, the influence in different spheres of society is extremely important and relevant, and especially in political sphere of existence of any country. It is extremely important that success of modern politicians and leaders of the country depends mainly not on their power but on a word that can be successfully and appropriately selected and by doing so, influence the recipients: focus on something that will attract the attention on the audience, emphasize on something with the right words selected, not only more accurately and successfully convey information but reproduce exactly the information that will have an impact on the recipients etc. The it has been investigated in the political text including one of its genres of speech. research concerns the first speeches of Presidents of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskiy and Petro Poroshenko at the general debates of the UN General Assemblies in 2015 and 2019 respectively. Analysis of the very first speeches of the Presidents, proclaimed at the international level during the gathering of representatives of different countries at the general debates of the United Nations was driven by the fact that it is from the first speeches that the president’s image and the image of his country and citizens begin to be formed. Research made it possible to follow the common and the different features of using terms in the secondary nomination, handing facts using numbers of different structures, service of forms of the highest degree of expression of emotions, use of stories, quotes and extremely important words-values for the Ukrainian people in political texts of both Presidents.
Bulk Structure of the Crust and Upper Mantle beneath Alaska from an Approximate Rayleigh-Wave Dispersion Formula
Authors: Haney Matthew M. , Ward Kevin M. , Tsai Victor C. , Schmandt Brandon
Published: November 2020

We introduce a method for estimating crustal thickness and bulk crustal and upper-mantle shear-wave velocities directly from high-quality measurements of fundamental-mode Rayleigh-wave dispersion in the period range from 10 to 40 s. The method is based on an approximate Rayleigh-wave dispersion formula and provides fast results with minimal model parameterization. We apply the method to Rayleigh-wave phase maps in Alaska to reveal first-order structure in a region that had not been systematically and densely instrumented prior to the Transportable Array (TA). To demonstrate the consistency of the results, we also apply the same method to existing Rayleigh-wave phase maps derived from TA data in the conterminous United States, where crustal and upper mantle structures are better known. We contrast features observed in maps of crustal thickness and bulk shear-wave velocity between the Cascadia and Alaska-Aleutian subduction zones to highlight differences in the two regions. Our results show that, contrary to conventional wisdom, first-order information on the location of major depth discontinuities (e.g., the Moho) can be extracted in a fast, straightforward manner from measurements of Rayleigh-wave dispersion alone.
A Seismological Study of the Sos Enattos Area—the Sardinia Candidate Site for the Einstein Telescope
Authors: Di Giovanni Matteo , Giunchi Carlo , Saccorotti Gilberto , Berbellini Andrea , Boschi Lapo , Olivieri Marco , De Rosa Rosario , Naticchioni Luca , Oggiano Giacomo , Carpinelli Massimo , D’Urso Domenico , Cuccuru Stefano , Sipala Valeria , Calloni Enrico , Di Fiore Luciano , Grado Aniello , Migoni Carlo , Cardini Alessandro , Paoletti Federico , Fiori Irene , Harms Jan , Majorana Ettore , Rapagnani Piero , Ricci Fulvio , Punturo Michele
Published: November 2020

The recent discovery of gravitational waves (GWs) and their potential for cosmic observations prompted the design of the future third-generation GW interferometers, able to extend the observation distance for sources up to the frontier of the Universe. In particular, the European detector Einstein Telescope (ET) has been proposed to reach peak strain sensitivities of about 3×10−25  Hz−1/2 in the 100 Hz frequency region and to extend the detection band down to 1 Hz. In the bandwidth [1,10] Hz, the seismic ambient noise is expected to represent the major perturbation to interferometric measurements, and the site that will host the future detectors must fulfill stringent requirements on seismic disturbances. In this article, we conduct a seismological study at the Italian ET candidate site, the dismissed mine of Sos Enattos in Sardinia. In the range between few mHz to hundreds of mHz, out of the detection bandwidth for ET, the seismic noise is compatible with the new low-noise model (Peterson, 1993); in the [0.1,1] Hz bandwidth, we found that seismic noise is correlated with sea wave height in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea. In the [1,10] Hz frequency band, noise is mainly due to anthropic activities; within the mine tunnels (≃100  m underground), its spectrum is compliant with the requirements of the ET design. Noise amplitude decay with depth is consistent with a dominance of Rayleigh waves, as suggested by synthetic seismograms calculated for a realistic velocity structure obtained from the inversion of phase- and group-velocity dispersion data from array recording of a mine blasting. Further investigations are planned for a quantitative assessment of the principal noise sources and their spatiotemporal variations.
An Introduction to Tissue Engineering and Orthopedic Applications
Authors: Baghaie Nia Fatemeh , Khavari Fatemeh , Firouzi Masoumeh , Nabian Mohammad Hossein
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, orthopedic-related pathologic conditions are considered as a growing concern. Also, the conventional treatments (grafting techniques) are not efficacious enough for the growing clinical needs. In the last decades, researches have been focused on finding more effective alternative treatments. Tissue engineering (TE) is a newly emerging field of science that has great potential to reduce these clinical issues. There are three main components in TE including cells, biomaterials, and signals. Choosing the best combination of these components is a vital decision in a TE process. In this review article, we are going to discuss TE and its components and also highlight some of the researches in the field of orthopedic TE by focusing on some tissues including bone, cartilage, skin, skeletal muscle, peripheral nervous system (PNS), tendon, and ligament. In the end, TE, as a new field of science, faces some major challengesthat we will address some of them in this article.
A Commentary on “Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Ulnar Lengthening in the Treatment of Masada Type I Forearm Deformities in Hereditary Multiple Osteochondromas”
Authors: Moharrami Alireza , Arabi Hamid
Published: November 2020

The article's abstract is not available.
The Possible Risk of Reverse Zoonosis in COVID-19: An Epidemiological Driving Approach for the One Health Future Challenges: A Review
Authors: Vijayaraghavan R. , Naveenkumar Viswanathan , Nag B. S. Pradeep , Porteen K.
Published: November 2020

The emerging coronaviral infection named as COVID-19 was officially declared as pandemic on 11, March 2020 by WHO. It has so far been reported from 215 countries or territories affecting about twenty seven million people infected globally. The novel attributes on COVID-19 with sporadic reports on animal, alarms the future chances of animal mediated COVID-19 transmission. Despite lockdown in two-third of the global population, health officials are worried about the risky nature of animal infection in the current pandemic situation. The reverse zoonotic index cases in the current epidemic reported sporadically in animals through infected humans. Reported evidence suggests that bat as the major reservoir involved in COVID-19. However, still, the role of intermediate host involvement in the human COVID-19 transmission from the bat is not yet understood. It is clear that humans play a potent source of infection to transmit the disease to other humans and animals. A literature survey was conducted to a) understand the level of animal’s involvement in COVID19 pandemic and b) to measure the amount of risk of reverse zoonoses in pet animals, exposed animals etc. The epidemiological investigation suggested the need for strong surveillance on the human-animal interface area with strict advisory measures to combat this dangerous disease transmission to humans and other animals. Hence understanding animal’s role in the current pandemic is of prime importance in devising preparedness and control strategies through unique one health approach. In implementing suitable research protocol at animal-human interface along with environment by devising appropriate control strategies will reduce the future reverse zoonosis risk in the current pandemic through a holistic one health drive.
Effect of Planting Date and Density on Yield and Yield Components of Bean Genotypes (Vicia faba L.)
Authors: Kazem Seyed , Fakhr Musavi , Fotouhi Farbod , Khaniani Behnam  ,  , Seyed Ali Fazel Zadeh Habibi , Sadeghi Mehdi , Zadeh Seyed Ali Fazel
Published: November 2020

In order to investigate the effects of planting date and plant density on the yield and yield components of bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars, the experiment was conducted at Safi Abad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center in 2017 and 2018. The experiment was performed as the split factorial in the randomized complete block design with three planting dates (Oct. 12, Nov. 1, Nov. 21) as the main plot and three density levels (10, 15 and 20 plants/m2) and two genotypes (Saraziri and line 62) as the subplots with three replications. The considered traits were the number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, 1000-seed weight, grain yield, biological yield and harvest index. The results of this study showed that the planting date, density and genotype, as well as their interactions had a significant effect at 1% and 5% probability level on the yield and yield components of bean.
PCR-RFLP Polymorphism of Growth Hormone Gene and Its Association with Growth and Morphometric Traits in Ganjam and Baigani Goats of Odisha
Authors: Karna D. K. , Aradhana A. , Nayak G. D. , Sahoo N. , Sahoo L. K. , Behera B. K.
Published: November 2020

Background: Growth Hormone (GH) gene codes for the growth hormone, an anabolic hormone synthesized and secreted by the somatotroph cells of pituitary. Growth hormone influences many processes such as growth, lactation, reproduction and metabolism. Genetic variation in the gene are utilized as markers for selecting animals that are superior in terms growth, production and reproduction traits. Information available on the polymorphism of growth hormone gene of Ganjam and Baigani goats of Odisha is scanty. The current investigation was done to explore the genetic variation of this gene and its association with morphometric traits.
Methods: Genetic polymorphism in exon 2 and 3 of Growth hormone gene in Ganjam goat and Baigani goat was explored with sample size of 100 goats for each. The goats belonged to three locations: Khallikote, Rambha, Chattrapur of Ganjam district. The goats were recorded for their body weights, morphometric traits and morphological traits. Genomic DNA was isolated, the target segment comprising exons 2 and 3 was amplified and PCR-RFLP was carried out using Hae III restriction enzyme. Genotypes were scored.
Result: PCR of the locus resulted in 422 bp PCR product. PCR-RFLP using Hae III restriction enzyme yielded only two variants in both the populations. The variant A had only one restriction recognition site on the target gene segment yielding two bands with size of 366bp and 56bp whereas the variant B did not have any restriction site with single band of 422bp. Three genotypes AA, AB and BB were found in both the population. In both the population, the gene and genotype frequency were significantly deviated from the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium frequency. There was a significant difference in the genotype frequencies of growth hormone gene between Ganjam and Baigani goats. The AB genotype had higher mean value for all morphometric traits than AA and BB genotype though the differences were not found to be significant.
Molecular Characterization and Pathogenicity of an Indian Isolate of Duck Enteritis Virus Recovered From a Natural Outbreak
Authors: Panickan Sivasankar , Dandapat Satyabrata , Kumar Jyoti , Mahendran Mahesh , Nandi Sukdeb , Punnoose Previn
Published: November 2020

Background: Duck plague is a highly contagious viral disease reported in our country very often with significant economic loss. There are some bottlenecks with the currently used ‘Holland strain’ vaccine that involves cumbersome process of vaccine production in embryonated chicken eggs. With the future goal of development of an indigenous cell culture vaccine for duck plague, the present study is aimed at isolation of an Indian strain of DEV from a natural outbreak and its characterization for the seed virus purpose.
Methods: Liver samples were collected from the suspected ducks died during a natural outbreak in Kerala and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm presence of viral DNA. The duck enteritis virus (DEV) was isolated by inoculation of PCR positive samples in embryonated duck eggs/ducklings and its pathogenicity was studied. Further, the DEV recovered from the infected duck embryo and duckling liver was confirmed by PCR amplification of the viral DNA polymerase gene and its sequence analysis.
Result: Out of 12 liver samples tested eight (8) were found to be positive for duck plague by PCR. The DEV infected duck embryos and ducklings died showing typical signs and characteristic gross and microscopic lesions. PCR amplification of viral DNA targeting the DNA polymerase gene yielded amplicon of expected size of 446bp. The amplicon sequence showed 99-100% homology with other DEV isolates, thus confirming the new isolate as DEV, named as DEV/India/IVRI-2016 and the gene sequence has NCBI acc. no. KX511893.
Effect of Soil Available Phosphorus Levels on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) - Rhizobia Symbiotic Association
Authors: Ahmed Khadraji , Mohammed Bouhadi , Cherk Ghoulam
Published: November 2020

Background: Growing chickpea (Cicer arietinum) plants is affected by several environmental constraints as osmotic stress and nutrients deficiency particularly phosphorus (P). For other legume species, it was confirmed that P deficiency affects negatively their rhizobial symbiosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of soil available P level on chickpea-rhizobia symbiosis under field conditions at Oualidia region of Morocco.Methods: Ten farmers’ fields with different soil available P levels were considered to carry out this study based on samples of 10 plants per plot. Result: The results showed that the plants from soil 7, with the lowest pH and the highest available P level (23.52ppm), presented high shoot dry weight (38.3 g/plant). Meanwhile the soil 5 with the lowest available P content showed low plant growth. The shoot P content was positively linked to soil P level but nodule biomass showed an irregular variation with soil available P level. Furthermore, it was confirmed that adequate plant P nutrition results in high chickpea yield and it was the case for plants from soil 7 presenting a mean yield of 62 seeds per plant). Finally, strong correlation was noted between yield and phosphorus concentration in soil (r=0.94).
In dogs with congestive heart failure, is torasemide superior to furosemide as a first line diuretic treatment?
Authors: Packham Leo
Published: November 2020

PICO question

In dogs with congestive heart failure, does the use of torasemide as a first line diuretic result in a superior survival time when compared to furosemide?

 

Clinical bottom line

Category of research question

Treatment

The number and type of study designs reviewed

Five studies were critically appraised, they were all prospective randomised controlled trials

Strength of evidence

Moderate

Outcomes reported

There is currently a lack of studies looking at comparing furosemide directly with torasemide in patients with congestive heart failure. There are many similarly drawn conclusions from the studies: torasemide is not inferior to furosemide in the treatment of CHF, torasemide is comparable to furosemide at one tenth the dose (or less) and that torasemide may be more effective at diuresis than furosemide with a prolonged duration of action

Conclusion

There is currently no clear and obvious benefit for the use of torasemide, over furosemide, as a first line diuretic for dogs with congestive heart failure

 

How to apply this evidence in practice

The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources.

Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision-making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care
The Influence of Education and Specialty Certification on Nurses' Intent to Support Breastfeeding Post-Birth
Authors: Cassar Linda , Bauley Cynthia , Friesen MaryAnn , Brannon Monica , Brown Lani , Cross Tracy , Zhou Qiuping
Published: November 2020

Breastfeeding is something that many new mothers aspire to do, but also something that many struggle with in the days following birth. Nursing support in the hospital can make a huge difference in the success of this endeavor for many patients. It is important for nurse educators that work with the obstetric population, and the nurses that care for them, to understand what drives nurses to be supportive of patients who have recently given birth in their breastfeeding efforts. This will allow for appropriate interventions to be implemented to increase the level of support. This study seeks to determine if a relationship exists between nurses' level of education and specialty certification, and their intent to provide support to new mothers in their efforts to breastfeed their babies.
Education and training in heritage practices – the case of heritage craft education at University of Gothenburg as an opportunity for Albania
Authors: Lagerqvist Bosse
Published: November 2020

The intention of this article is to discuss the challenges in organising higher education in heritage practices and craft skills. The development of the Department of Conservation, University of Gothenburg, its establishment of a Craft laboratory, and the certification of craft skills in an Albanian context, is used as a case. Based on the activities of the Craft Laboratory in Sweden, the paper investigates the possibilities for a similar development in Albania. The background for the specific subject rests in a long-standing cooperation between the Department of Conservation and Cultural heritage without Borders Albania (CHwBA), in terms of skills development for improving restoration practices. Through the paper it is clear that the same kind of context are not in place in Albania, and that the needs are different. It is also obvious that CHwBA is functioning as a de facto Craft Laboratory in Albania and the need for an outfit like that are more focused on improving competences, standards and qualities in the architectural restoration area, leading to economic development, employability, establishment of small craft companies, and formal branch networks. The article discusses the challenges facing the higher education systems in developing education as well as vocational training in the subject areas of heritage practices and craft skills.
Ability-Enhancing Practices and Organisational Performance: Does Justice Perception Moderate the Relationship in The Context of Police Force in Nigeria?
Authors: Owoeye Idowu , Kiiru David , Muli Jedidah
Published: November 2020

The knowledge, skills, and abilities constituting employee characteristics are often described as the capacity needed by a firm to attain competitive advantage which in turn occasions performance outcomes at various firmâ€™s levels. While evidence of significant and insignificant relationships between ability-enhancing practices and performance outcomes at firmâ€™s levels has been registered across organisational contexts in human resource management literature, such evidence remains limited and anecdotal in the context of criminal justice system in Nigeria. Using a survey data from 321 police officers, this study investigated the interactional effect of justice perception on the relationship between ability-enhancing practices and performance of police force in Nigeria. The study adopted both descriptive and explanatory designs, and the study instruments were adapted. The validity and reliability of the study instruments were determined via Principal Component Analysis, and thereafter data collected were analysed employing both descriptive and inferential statistical methods with the aid of analytical tool of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. The moderating effect of justice perception was established using PROCESS macro and the results were interpreted using Baron and Kennyâ€™s (1986) approach for determining mediation effect. The results of the analysis revealed that the performance of police force in Nigeria was predicted by composite construct of ability enhancing practices, and the relationship was completely moderated by justice perception. The results also revealed significant effects of rigorous recruitment and selection, and coaching on performance of police force, however, insignificant effects of job rotation and mentoring practices were found with performance of police force in Nigeria. The study contributes to the body of empirical knowledge that individualâ€™s perception of fairness of the implemented organisational systems to enhance employee knowledge, skills, and abilities is vital to the attainment of favourable performance outcomes. The institution of Criminal Justice System can leverage on the findings of this study to improve human capital development so as to attain desired performance outcomes.
Elaboration of a Model of Temporary Cooperation in Tourismâ€™ Destination Promotion A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Garbelli Maria
Published: November 2020

The literature considers cooperation as the best way for a region to achieve a competitive advantage in global, digital markets, and as taking a key role in achieving the promotion of a comprehensive, sustainable destination. In recent years, the body of research on cooperation in tourism has grown considerably, listing several opportunities for decreasing competitive pressure among local tourism actors, while gaining the superior advantages of collaboration. At the same time, the literature does not suggest particular models of cooperation for the tourism industry, as most are borrowed from the manufacturing industry, where cooperation seems widely used and further adapted for the tourism domain.
Through an in-depth systematic literature review, this paper matches the theories on cooperation in tourism with the concept of temporary cooperation, in order to adapt a model widely considered in several domains, the virtual enterprise (VE), to the peculiarities of the tourism industry. The adaptation is considered according to the particularities of the tourism industry, and especially when cooperation involves local tourism authorities in global turbulent markets. A cycle model consisting of nine-stages life was built, highlighting the main features of a temporary alliance among authorities: the pivotal role of the destination management organization, the relevance of information and communication technologies for the VEâ€™s operability, the short lifetime of the VE, and the destinationâ€™s overall promotion.
Examining Motivation and Perception of Visitors at Lekki Conservation Centre (LCC) in Nigeria
Authors: Arowosafe Folusade C. , Tunde-Ajayi Olalekan A. , Ojo Bola D.
Published: November 2020

People are driven to take up various actions due to motivation. The study examined the motivation and perception of visitors as well as examining the future behavioural intentions of the visitors at Lekki Conservation Centre (LCC), Lagos state, Nigeria. The study employed self-administered questionnaire to obtain information from the visitors. Random sampling method was used to select a total of 200 visitors involved in the survey. Data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 21) and results were presented descriptively and inferentially. Results obtained indicated that attractions such as canopy walkway, games served as pullattractions for the visitors to the site while adventure, sightseeing, relaxation and rest were highly ranked as push-motivations for the visitors to the site. The visitors also perceived the site experience as a satisfactory one while affirming they would revisit and recommend the site to other. Chi square analysis revealed a significant relationship between visitorsâ€™ motivation and perception (p=0.000). The site posed minimal challenges for visitation and as such is a good place to visit as it affords visitors an entertaining and satisfactory experience. Motivation study is important for tourist sites to improve their competitiveness in the market as it facilitates improvement of visitorsâ€™ satisfaction.
Explorations of Beliefs about EFL Teachersâ€™ Roles from Both Teachersâ€™ and Studentsâ€™ Perspectives through Metaphor Analysis
Authors: Azeez Sharihan Shawkat
Published: November 2020

Metaphor acts as a window into comprehending teachersâ€™ experiences through providing insights into complex concepts of teaching and learning. As a result, it plays a crucial role in exploring beliefs about teachersâ€™ roles in the teaching and learning process. To elicit ideas and beliefs which both teachers and students held about the role of English teachers, questionnaires were given to 30 teachers and 85 students in the University of Duhok, English Department. The questionnaire asked the subjects to provide their beliefs about English teachersâ€™ roles by using a sentence completion task â€œAn English teacher isâ€¦. becauseâ€¦.â€. Eight conceptual categories are introduced from the linguistic metaphors and example metaphors for each category are given in the results tables. The eight conceptual categories include: teacher as devotee, teacher as nurturer, teachers as provider / source of knowledge, teacher as cultural transmitter, teacher as authority, teacher as guider, teacher as a friend, and teacher as a nice beautiful soul. All participants expressed the same conceptual categories, but still they use different metaphors to express their views. An interesting feature of these results is that there are some parallel and overlaps of metaphors among different subjects. The findings of this study suggested subtle differences between studentsâ€™ and teachersâ€™ beliefs. This study will benefit teachers, curriculum designers, and researchers. Researchers may carry out comprehensive studies using metaphor as an investigating tool to better understand both students and teachersâ€™ perceptions of the teachersâ€™ roles. The results will help develop comprehensive and inclusive methods of teaching. Larger samples with variables such as gender, age, different locations, and proficiency of participants should be taken into consideration during future studies.
Public Interest Litigation (PIL) as Strategic Legal Mechanism on Womenâ€™s Socio-Economic Rights in Nigeria: Making a Case for Girl Child Education
Authors: Adeniyi Olayinka O. , Olomola Omolade O.
Published: November 2020

The percentage of girl child illiteracy is higher in girls than boys in Africa. This is particularly so in Nigeria. It is trite that Girl-child issues are generally confined within womenâ€™sright in Nigeria. As important as education isto life and humanity, it however falls under socio economic rights in Nigeria, which by virtue of the interpretation of constitutional provisions are argued as non-justiciable. Hence, accessing education for the girl child as a justice system or mechanism has been a challenge in the country. In recent times, some countries have directed public Interest litigation into fighting some socio-economic issues. This is a development which has not been practiced earlier and success is being recorded. It can be said that Public Interest litigation has been able to deal particularly with the challenge of locus standi which hasto do with the opportunity of accessing justice on some rights issues. Focusing on girl-child education in Nigeria, as a socio-economic rights issue to which access to justice is a challenge and to which legal strategic mechanism can bring a change is a positive one. The paper looks at the impact of African girl child illiteracy at this time in the global environment for sustainable development, the legal impediments to accessing justice on socio economic rights; recent legal mechanisms as best practices of getting socioeconomic rights enforced in some developed countries; innovative and emerging ways of its realization and enforcement in Nigeria. It proffers suggestions on legal and strategic litigation introduction or enhancement mechanism, the challenges if any and the gains more importantly of the public litigation procedure. The paper attempts a desktop and library-based approach in a comparative analysis of legal framework, policies on education, literature review of existing scholarship, case study on strategic litigation in some jurisdictions on socio economic rights and applies it to suggest Public Interest Litigation PIL for girl child education in Nigeria. The paper is germane for womenâ€™s right advancement, law and or policy reform and citizen empowerment in Nigeria and Africa at large.
Support Mechanisms to Strengthen Equality and Non-Discrimination (EQND) in Rural Sanitation (Part 2 of 2)
Authors: Kohlitz Jeremy , Carrard Naomi , Willett Juliet
Published: November 2020

A renewed focus on equity is being driven by the Human Rights to Water and Sanitation framework and Sustainable Development Goal 6.2, which emphasise the importance of adequate and equitable sanitation for all. However, as raised in Part 1 of this issue on equality and non-discrimination (EQND), there is evidence that CLTS processes for achieving community-wide outcomes are not always systematic, adequate, sustained, or sufficient to meet the needs of disadvantaged groups. A compilation of 50 CLTS and rural sanitation programmes around the world that significantly used support mechanisms was gathered to inform this issue. Our rapid review of the programmes found that although numerous trials existed, few had been taken to scale, few were located outside of Asia, and many did not have disaggregated monitoring and evaluation information that is publicly shared or collected at all. This issue therefore emphasises the importance of monitoring, evaluating and knowledge sharing processes in building an evidence base for facilitating equitable rural sanitation outcomes.
Optimization of gallic acid-loaded transfersomes using a Box-Behnken factorial design
Authors: Pereira-Leite Catarina , Ventura Carolina
Published: November 2020

The pleiotropic activities of gallic acid have triggered the interest of researchers in the improvement of its poor bioavailability, such that this phenolic compound can be used for prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. At the same time, transfersomes have been reported to be valuable nanodelivery systems to boost the transdermal delivery of bioactive compounds. Thus, this study aims at optimizing a transfersomal formulation for the transdermal delivery of gallic acid using a Box-Behnken factorial design. This experimental design was successfully implemented and validated, yielding an optimized formulation with the desirable properties in terms of size, polydispersity index and loading capacity. Overall, this study opens up the possibility of efficiently delivering gallic acid to the deeper layers of skin in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. Keywords: vesicular delivery systems, nanotechnology, phytochemicals, Box-Behnken.
ADAPTASI PELAKU BISNIS BESI TUA SUKU BANGSA MADURA TERHADAP PERSAINGAN BISNIS BESI TUA DI KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Sholeh Aftina Fityan
Published: November 2020

Adaptation to the scrap metal business in Surabaya as a livelihood is monitored and analyzed the Madurese adaptation behavior in the scrap metal business operating in the City of Surabaya. This study uses ethnographic methods with data collection techniques of observation and in-depth interviews, data analysis techniques using ethnographic analysis using the Adaptation Theory of Usman Pelly. The results showed that in the adaptation carried out by scrap metal business (Founders) as immigrants of the Madurese Tribe in the City of Surabaya by working with fellow relatives of the scrap metal businessmen of the Madurese Tribe in the City of Surabaya, in addition, relatives who had first migrated in the City Surabaya can guarantee the economic life of overseas relatives by creating jobs within the scope of the scrap metal business. This was repeated to other relatives who wanted to develop in overseas lands as a reciprocal relationship as an Adaptation process. This adaptation was carried out in the process of dealing with the competition of the scrap metal business which strengthened the dominance of the Madurese Tribe in the scrap metal business in the city of Surabaya
Mutations that Affect Channel Opening of Innexin Hemichannels in the C. elegans Gonad
Authors: Starich Todd , Greenstein David
Published: November 2020

In C. elegans, gap junctions couple cells of the somatic gonad with the germline to support germ cell proliferation and gametogenesis. We previously characterized a strong loss-of-function mutation (T239I) affecting the second extracellular loop (EL2) of the somatic INX-8 hemichannel subunit. These mutant hemichannels form non-functional gap junctions with germline-expressed innexins. Here we describe the characterization of mutations that restore germ cell proliferation in the T239I EL2 mutant background. We recovered seven intragenic mutations located in diverse domains of INX-8 but not the EL domains. These second-site mutations compensate for the original channel defect to varying degrees, from nearly complete wild-type rescue, to partial rescue of germline proliferation. One suppressor mutation (E350K) supports the innexin cryo-EM structural model that the channel pore opening is surrounded by a cytoplasmic dome. Two suppressor mutations (S9L and I36N) may form leaky hemichannels that support germline proliferation but cause the demise of somatic sheath cells. Phenotypic analyses of three other suppressors reveal an equivalency in the rescue of germline proliferation and comparable delays in gametogenesis but a graded rescue of fertility. These latter mutations may be useful to probe interactions with the biochemical pathways that produce the molecules transiting through soma-germline gap junctions.
Sanger Sequencing as the Holy Grail of Sequencing Technology
Authors: Adesiyan Ayobami , Kade Ayomikun , Oladimeji Kafayat , Sowunmi Kehinde
Published: November 2020

DNA sequencing methods were first developed more than 20 years ago with the publication of two approaches to sequencing methodology that became known as Sanger sequencing (1), based on enzymatic synthesis from a single-stranded DNA template with chain termination using dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) and Maxim-Gilbert sequencing (2),which involved chemical degradation ofend-radio-labeled DNA fragments. Both methods relied on four-lane,high resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate the labeled fragment and allow the base sequence to be read in a staggered ladder-like fashion. Sanger sequencing was technically easier and faster, and thus became the main DNA sequencing method for the vast majority of applications.
Effect of the Marine β-carboline Alkaloid Manzamine A on RSK1 vs RSK2 Inhibition: a Biochemical and Computational Study
Authors: Mayer Alejandro , Hall Mary L. , Lach Joseph M. , Clifford Jonathan , Chandrasena Kevin , Canton Caitlin , Kontoyianni Maria
Published: November 2020

Manzamines are complex polycyclic marine-derived β-carboline alkaloids with reported anticancer, immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial, neuritogenic, hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis suppression bioactivities, putatively associated with inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3, cyclin-dependent kinase 5, and vacuolar ATPases. We hypothesized that additional and yet undiscovered molecular targets might be associated with Manzamine A (MZA) reported pharmacological properties. We report herein for the first time to our knowledge that MZA inhibited a 90kDa ribosomal protein kinase S6 (RSK1) when screened against a panel of 30 protein kinases. Furthermore in vitro RSK kinase assays demonstrated a 10-fold selectivity in potency of MZA against RSK1 versus RSK2. MZA’s differential binding and selectivity toward the two isoforms is also supported by computational docking experiments. Specifically, the RSK1-MZA (N- and C-termini) complexes appear to have stronger interactions and preferable energetics contrary to the RSK2-MZA ones. In addition, our computational strategy suggests that MZA binds to the N-terminal kinase domain of RSK1 rather than the C-terminal domain. RSK is a vertebrate family of cytosolic serine-threonine kinases that act downstream of the ras-ERK1/2 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2) pathway, which phosphorylates substrates shown to regulate several cellular processes including growth, survival and proliferation. Consequently, our findings have lead us to hypothesize that MZA and the 80 currently known manzamine-type alkaloids isolated from several sponge genera, may have novel pharmacological properties.
Long-Term Clinical Course of Benign Fibro-Osseous Lesions in the Paranasal Sinuses
Authors: Lee Jung Joo , Ryu Gwanghui , Lee Kyung Eun , Hong Sang Duk , Jung Yong Gi , Kim Hyo Yeol , Dhong Hun-Jong , Chung Seung Kyu
Published: November 2020

Objectives. Fibro-osseous lesions of the paranasal sinuses can present various clinical manifestations. This study aimed to report the long-term clinical course of benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOLs) in the paranasal sinuses, including clinical and radiologic features.Methods. Radiologically confirmed BFOLs between 1994 and 2016, with the exclusion of osteoma cases, were retrospectively reviewed. We compared demographic characteristics between the surgery and observation groups. The reasons for the imaging study, radiographic features, histopathology, and clinical course based on serial image scans were analyzed.Results. In total, 183 subjects were selected from a thorough review of head and neck radiologic tests (n=606,068) at a tertiary referral hospital over 22 years. Patients’ mean age was 28.6±18.1 years, and 56.3% were males. A diagnostic imaging workup was performed in 55.7% of patients due to facial asymmetry, headache, skull mass, or other symptoms related to BFOLs. In other patients (37.7%), BFOLs were found incidentally on computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. The most common diagnosis was fibrous dysplasia, followed by ossifying fibroma, based on both radiologic exams and histopathologic results. In total, 42.6% of the patients underwent surgery because of subjective symptoms or esthetic concerns. The patients who underwent surgery were younger (P<0.001) and had a longer follow-up duration (P<0.001) than those who underwent observation. Patients who experienced lesion growth (11.5%) were younger (P<0.001) and had more lesion sites (P=0.018) than those who did not, regardless of surgical treatment. Five patients underwent optic nerve decompression, and one patient experienced malignant transformation.Conclusion. BFOL in the paranasal sinuses is a rare disease, and most cases were observed without specific treatment. Surgical treatment should be considered in symptomatic patients with aggressive clinical features. Regular observation and management are needed, particularly in younger patients in their teens.
PENGARUH MANAJEMEN TALENTA DAN MANAJEMEN PENGETAHUAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DI TRANSFORMER CENTER KABUPATEN BATU
Authors: Kardo Kardo , Wilujeng Sri , Suryaningtyas Dianawati
Published: November 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1)Menguji pengaruh Manajemen Talenta dan Manajemen Pengetahuan Terhadap Kinerja. (2)Menguji pengaruh manajemen Talenta terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Transfoermer Center. (3)Menguji pengaruh Manajemen Pengetahuan Terhadap Kinerja di Transformer Center. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif deskriptif, yaitu penelitian dengan angka yang kemudian di deskripsikan. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode analisis berupa regresi linier berganda. Populasi dan sampel yang peneliti gunakan yakni di Transformer Center Kota Batu dengan sampel sebesar 75 orang karyawan tetap, teknik yang digunakan yakni menggunakan tenik sensus (sampel jenuh). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa variabel Manajemen Talenta dan Manajemen Pengatahuan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja yang ada di Transformer Center Kota Batu. Variabel Manajemen Talenta berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Transformer Center Kota Batu, variabel Manajemen Pengetahuan berpengearuh positif dan signifikan searah terhadap Kinerja Karyawan di Transformer Center Kota Batu. Artinya semakin tinggi Manajemen Talenta dan Manajemen Pengetahuan dimiliki Transformer Center Kota Batu maka semakin baik pula kedua variabel mempengaruhi Kinerja yang ada di perusahaan. Bagi penelitian selanjutny: diharapkan melakukan penelitian menggunakan variabel yang berbeda, misalnya dispilin kerja, pelatihan dan pengembangan karyawan, yang termasuk mempengaruhi kinerja yang belum di teliti dalam penelitian.
Challenges in ESP Operation in Ultra-Deepwater Heavy Oil Atlanta Field
Authors: Tavares Alexandre , Rocha Paulo Sérgio , Santos Marcelo Paulino , Neto Salvador Alves , Matos João Siqueira , Lemos Daniel Gruenbaum , Freitas Marcelo Matheus , Martins Luiz Alexandre , Daun Leandro
Published: November 2020

Atlanta is a post-salt oil field located offshore Brazil in the Santos Basin, 185 km southeast of Rio de Janeiro. The combination of ultra-deepwater (1,550 m) and heavy and viscous oil (14 °API and 228 cP at reservoir conditions) composes a unique challenging scenario for Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) application. The paper discusses the performance of the ESP system utilizing field data and software simulations.

The in-well ESP is the main production method and mudline ESP boosting is the backup one. Both concepts proved to be effective artificial lift solutions for the harsh flowing conditions. The in-well ESP is installed inside a capsule in a close to horizontal slant section of around 70 m. The mudline ESP boosting is readily available to become the main production method in case the in-well ESP fails.

This paper discusses the challenges and solutions that proved to be successful after more than 18 months of continuous production. Software simulations and continuous production monitoring were key factors for system modeling and optimization.

One of the most powerful ESPs installed inside a well worldwide to produce heavy and viscous oil from an unconsolidated reservoir represents a step forward in ultra-deepwater production system boundaries. The concept of having the mudline system as backup is also an innovative step for the offshore oil and gas industry.

Two production periods are presented with very distinct and unusual characteristics: (i) one producing 12,500 bpd of a high viscous, high Gas Void Fraction (GVF), low inlet pressure and temperature crude through two mudline ESP boosting systems and (ii) another one producing 30,000 bpd through three in-well ESPs.
Differences in the Gut Microbiomes of Distinct Ethnicities Within the Same Geographic Area Are Linked to Host Metabolic Health
Authors: Ang Qi Yan , Alba Diana L , Upadhyay Vaibhav , Bisanz Jordan E. , Cai Jingwei , Lee Ho Lim , Barajas Eliseo , Wei Grace , Patterson Andrew D. , Koliwad Suneil K. , Turnbaugh Peter James
Published: November 2020

BackgroundThe human gut microbiota exhibits marked variation around the world, which has been attributed to dietary intake and other environmental factors. However, the degree to which ethnicity-associated differences in gut microbial community structure and function are maintained following immigration or in the context of metabolic disease is poorly understood.ResultsWe conducted a multi-omic study of 46 lean and obese East Asian (EA) and White (W) participants living in the San Francisco Bay Area. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed significant differences between ethnic groups in bacterial richness and community structure. W individuals were enriched for the mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila. EA participants had increased levels of multiple Bacteroidetes species, fermentative pathways detected by metagenomics, and the short-chain fatty acid end products acetate, propionate, and isobutyrate. Differences in the gut microbiota between the EA and W groups could not be explained by reported dietary intake, were more pronounced for lean individuals, and were associated with current geographical location. Microbiome transplantations into germ-free mice confirmed that the differences in the gut microbiota of the EA and W individuals we analyzed are indeed independent of diet and that they differentially impact host body weight and adiposity in genetically identical mouse recipients.Conclusions﻿The reported findings emphasize the utility of studying diverse ethnic groups within a defined geographical location and provide a starting point for dissecting the mechanisms contributing to the complex interactions between the gut microbiome and ethnicity-associated lifestyle, demographic, metabolic, and genetic factors.
CNS Inflammation Induced by Lipopolysaccharide Up-Regulates Hepatic Hepcidin Expression by Activating IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway in Mice
Authors: zhang fali , zhao peng , Qian zhongming , zhong mingkang
Published: November 2020

BackgroundLPS triggers inflammation response in periphery, whether the infection in CNS induced by LPS ICV injection affected the peripheral iron metabolism was unknown , The current study was to find out whether LPS injected to the brain could regulate hepcidin expression in liver and peripheral iron metabolism. MethodsWide type mice (IL-6+/+) and IL-6-/- mice of 8-week-old were performed on ICV injection with LPS. After 6h, hepcidin expression in liver, as well as serum iron and transferrin saturation was detected and calculated, we also tested the IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway in hepcidin regulation in liver of IL-6 knockout (IL-6-/- mice) and IL-6+/+ mice, AG490 as an inhibitor of JAK2 was used to confirm the effect of IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway on hepcidin expression in liver. ResultsHepcidin mRNA, IL-6 mRNA and protein expression in the liver of IL-6-/- mice was significantly lower than IL-6+/+ mice after LPS administration. IL-6 deficiency abolished the decrease of serum iron, transferrin saturation induced by LPS injection. IL-6 deficiency also abolished the decrease of Fpn1, increase of pSTAT3 and Ft-L protein in liver. AG490 significantly reduced the pSTAT3 protein and abolished the changes of Fpn1 and Ft-L expression induced by LPS in liver. ConclusionThese finding provided further evidence that the effect of central inflammation on the hepatic hepcidin expression and peripheral iron metabolism.