bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Precision and Efficiency in Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparative Analysis of Computer-Assisted Measurements with a Novel Software Tool versus Manual Measurements for Lower Leg Geometry
Authors: Wittig Ulrike , Koutp Amir , Reinbacher Patrick , Hütter Konstanze , Leithner Andreas , Sadoghi Patrick
Published: December 2023

(1) Background: The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate measurement software in comparison with manual measurements using inter-observer and intra-observer variability on radiographs in the preoperative planning of total knee arthroplasty. (2) Methods: Two independent observers retrospectively measured the mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle (mLPFA), the mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), the joint line convergence angle (JLCA), the mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), the mechanical lateral distal tibial angle (mLDTA), the hip–knee angle or mechanical tibial–femoral axis angle (HKA), and the anatomical–mechanical angle (AMA) on 55 long-leg anteroposterior radiographs manually twice, followed by measurements using dedicated software. Variability between manual and computer-aided planning was assessed, and all measurements were performed a second time after 14 days in order to assess intra-observer variability. (3) Results: Concerning intra-observer variability, no statistically significant difference was observed regarding the software-based measurements. However, significant differences were noted concerning intra-observer variability when measuring the mLDFA and AMA manually. Testing for statistical significance regarding variability between manual and software-based measurements showed that the values varied strongly between manual and computer-aided measurements. Statistically significant differences were detected for mLPFA, mLDFA, mMPTA, and mLPTA on day 1, and mLPFA, mMPTA, and mLPTA on day 15, respectively. (4) Conclusions: Preoperative planning of leg axis angles and alignment using planning software showed less inter- and intra-observer variability in contrast to manual measurements, and results differed with respect to manual planning. We believe that the planning software is more reliable and faster, and we would recommend its use in clinical settings.
Assessing the Assisted Six-Minute Cycling Test as a Measure of Endurance in Non-Ambulatory Patients with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA)
Authors: Tang Whitney J. , Gu Bo , Montalvo Samuel , Dunaway Young Sally , Parker Dana M. , de Monts Constance , Ataide Paxton , Ni Ghiollagain Noirin , Wheeler Matthew T. , Tesi Rocha Carolina , Christle Jeffrey W. , He Zihuai , Day John W. , Duong Tina
Published: December 2023

Assessing endurance in non-ambulatory individuals with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) has been challenging due to limited evaluation tools. The Assisted 6-Minute Cycling Test (A6MCT) is an upper limb ergometer assessment used in other neurologic disorders to measure endurance. To study the performance of the A6MCT in the non-ambulatory SMA population, prospective data was collected on 38 individuals with SMA (13 sitters; 25 non-sitters), aged 5 to 74 years (mean = 30.3; SD = 14.1). The clinical measures used were A6MCT, Revised Upper Limb Module (RULM), Adapted Test of Neuromuscular Disorders (ATEND), and Egen Klassifikation Scale 2 (EK2). Perceived fatigue was assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), and effort was assessed using the Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE). Data were analyzed for: (1) Feasibility, (2) Clinical discrimination, and (3) Associations between A6MCT with clinical characteristics and outcomes. Results showed the A6MCT was feasible for 95% of the tested subjects, discriminated between functional groups (p = 0.0086), and was significantly associated with results obtained from RULM, ATEND, EK2, and Brooke (p < 0.0001; p = 0.029; p < 0.001; p = 0.005). These findings indicate the A6MCT’s potential to evaluate muscular endurance in non-ambulatory SMA individuals, complementing clinician-rated assessments. Nevertheless, further validation with a larger dataset is needed for broader application.
Transient Performance of Gas-Engine-Based Power System on Ships: An Overview of Modeling, Optimization, and Applications
Authors: Wu Shen , Li Tie , Chen Run , Huang Shuai , Xu Fuguo , Wang Bin
Published: December 2023

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is widely regarded as the midterm solution toward zero-carbon transportation at sea. However, further applications of gas engines are challenging due to their weak dynamic load performance. Therefore, the comprehension of and improvements in the dynamic performance of gas-engine-based power systems are necessary and urgent. A detailed review of research on mechanisms, modeling, and optimization is indispensable to summarize current studies and solutions. Developments in engine air-path systems and power system load control have been summarized and compared. Mechanism studies and modeling methods for engine dynamic performance were investigated and concluded considering the trade-off between precision and simulation cost. Beyond existing studies, this review provides insights into the challenges and potential pathways for future applications in decarbonization and energy diversification. For further utilization of clean fuels, like ammonia and hydrogen, the need for advanced air–fuel ratio control becomes apparent. These measures should be grounded in a deep understanding of current gas engines and the combustion characteristics of new fuels. Additionally, the inherent low inertia feature of electric power systems, and consequently the weak dynamic performance when adopting renewable energies, must be considered and studied to ensure system reliability and safety during transient conditions.
Hydroelastic Response of a Moored Floating Flexible Circular Structure Applying BIEM
Authors: Mohapatra Sarat Chandra , Guedes Soares C.
Published: December 2023

A hydroelastic model associated with the interaction between a surface wave and a floating circular structure connected with mooring lines in finite water depth is developed using BIEM. The BIEM solution is achieved using free surface Green’s function and Green’s theorem. Furthermore, the algebraic equations for circular structural displacement are derived from the integro-differential equation. The correctness of the BIEM code is verified with the results of shear force and deflection amplitude existing in the literature, and the hydroelastic response of the circular structure is analyzed. The comparison results show a good level of agreement between the present results and those from other calculations. It is observed that the shear force, bending moment, and deflection decrease for higher values of stiffness of the mooring lines. The current study may be supportive of the visualization of the effect of mooring stiffness and to generalize articulated circular structure models for ocean space utilization.
Assessment of Numerical Captive Model Tests for Underwater Vehicles: The DARPA SUB-OFF Test Case
Authors: Zheku Vito Vasilis , Villa Diego , Piaggio Benedetto , Gaggero Stefano , Viviani Michele
Published: December 2023

During the early design stage of an underwater vehicle, the correct assessment of its manoeuvrability is a crucial task. Conducting experimental tests still has high costs, especially when dealing with small vehicles characterized by low available budget. In the current investigation, virtual towing tank tests are simulated using the open-source OpenFOAM library in order to assess the reliability of CFD methods for the prediction of hydrodynamic forces and moments. A well-known case study, the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) SUB-OFF model, is used, and the outcomes are compared to the experimental results available in the literature. Five different configurations are investigated for pure drift tests, rudder tests and pure rotation in both vertical and horizontal plane. The results show an overall good agreement with the experimental data with a quite low demanding mesh arrangement of 3M cells, a favourable balance between accuracy and computational time. In more detail, the expected error in the most significant forces during manoeuvres is less than 2% for the fully appended configuration (the submarine real operative condition), whereas the accuracy is moderately reduced for the barehull configuration (a case not representative of a real hull) with an expected error of 15%. A possible reason for the differences observed could be attributed to the description of the two streamwise vortices generated when manoeuvring. Apart from the lateral force and yaw moment, the results of the longitudinal force are also presented, having a greater disparity when compared to the experimental data. Nevertheless, the longitudinal force has no important role for the purpose of making stability and control predictions. The study contributes to the validation and consolidation of CFD methods, offering insights into their accuracy and limitations for practical applications in underwater vehicles.
Thoracentesis for the Diagnosis and Management of Pleural Effusions: The Current State of a Centuries-Old Procedure
Authors: Nicholson Michael J. , Manley Christopher , Ahmad Danish
Published: December 2023

Thoracentesis is a fundamental procedure in interventional pulmonology, providing both diagnostic and therapeutic value. This review article offers a comprehensive analysis of thoracentesis, delving into pleural anatomy, procedural techniques, indications, and recent advancements. The article details the evolution of thoracentesis, including the crucial role of ultrasound guidance and emerging approaches that enhance precision and minimize complications. It addresses the wide range of indications for thoracentesis in diverse clinical scenarios, from the diagnosis of pleural effusions to therapeutic drainage of pleural collections. Furthermore, this review explores the management of coagulopathy and anticoagulation pertaining to thoracentesis. It will also provide strategies for preventing and managing complications, ensuring that thoracentesis remains a well-tolerated procedure with minimal risks. This article concludes by examining future directions in thoracentesis, including potential innovations and trends that will shape the landscape of interventional pulmonary medicine. This review serves as an essential resource for pulmonologists, interventional radiologists, and healthcare professionals, offering a comprehensive update on thoracentesis.
Building Triazolated Macrocycles from Bis-Propargylated Calix[4]arenes and Bis-Azidomethylated Azobenzene or Stilbene
Authors: Lentin Ivan , Korniltsev Ilia , Gorbunov Alexander , Cheshkov Dmitry , Bezzubov Stanislav , Kovalev Vladimir , Vatsouro Ivan
Published: December 2023

Copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was employed to construct biscalixarene assemblies from the calix[4]arene dipropargyl ethers and 4,4′-bis-azidomethylated azobenzene or stilbene. Three bis(calixarenes) having the calix[4]arene cores linked to each other by pairs of (E)-azobenzene/stilbene units through four triazole groups were obtained as confirmed by NMR, HRMS and X-ray diffraction data. Nevertheless, the formation of larger macrocycles and polymeric/oligomeric products was found to be the major competing process that seriously limited the applicability of the one-step macrocyclization approach for the construction of photoresponsive biscalixarene assemblies linked by pairs of azobenzene/stilbene units.
Correction: Zhang et al. Experimental and Numerical Studies on Hot Compressive Deformation Behavior of a Cu–Ni–Sn–Mn–Zn Alloy. Materials 2023, 16, 1445
Authors: Zhang Yufang , Xiao Zhu , Meng Xiangpeng , Xiao Lairong , Pei Yongjun , Gan Xueping
Published: December 2023

In the original publication [...]
Laboratory Scaled-Down Cementitious Concrete Model Used for Estimating the Bearing Capacity of a Bridge Girder Based on the Similitude Theory
Authors: Amăreanu Marin , Răcănel Ionuţ-Radu , Neacşu Ciprian Nicolae , Morlova Daniel Dumitru
Published: December 2023

Bridges are structures subjected to multiple types of loads and combinations during their service life. The uncertainties linked with the materials’ behavior and manufacturing processes often necessitate the testing of produced elements on a real scale. This is particularly true for bridge concrete precast girders, which are frequently tested to predict the ultimate carrying load. Testing procedures are time-consuming, expensive in terms of both time and money, and involve a large amount of logistics and auxiliary equipment and devices. Thus, testing scaled-down models in laboratory conditions and extrapolating the obtained results with respect to the real-scale element using similitude theory has become a very common alternative method in the last decade. In this paper, experimental data regarding the efficiency of dimensional analysis computation are discussed. The proposed method involves comparing the values at which failure in bending and shear occurs for a 1:10 cementitious concrete bridge beam model with respect to the values computed for the prototype beam. Regarding the obtained results, a very small difference between the test results and the calculated values can be noticed.
Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate Ceramic in Digital Dentistry: A Comprehensive Literature Review of Our Current Understanding
Authors: Manziuc Manuela , Kui Andreea , Chisnoiu Andrea , Labuneț Anca , Negucioiu Marius , Ispas Ana , Buduru Smaranda
Published: December 2023

Zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) ceramic is a new innovative dental material with unique a chemical composition that is designed to combine harmoniously with the appropriate optical properties of lithium disilicate and the enhanced mechanical strength of zirconia. A thorough understanding of ZLS materials is essential for both clinicians and dental technicians. At present, the mechanical behavior and optical properties of the ZLS ceramic system have not been extensively researched, and there is still a lack of consensus regarding the fabrication process and clinical behavior of ZLS all-ceramic restorations. The aim of the present study was to present a selection of comprehensive information concerning zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate ceramics and their optical and mechanical properties, as well as to assess data regarding cementation procedures and clinical outcomes for ZLS all-ceramic restorations. Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) were used for the research by two independent reviewers. The search was limited to articles published in the English language, as well as clinical and in vitro studies of color and studies on mechanical behavior and the cementation procedures of ZLS restorations. The exclusion criteria comprised abstracts, questionnaire-based studies, case reports, literature reviews, and studies that were not available in English. Zirconia-reinforced lithium-silicate-based ceramic presents a unique and complex microstructure that increases mechanical resistance but decreases aesthetic appearance, especially its translucency, due to tetragonal zirconia content. A material’s thickness, the color of the underlying tooth structure, and the resin cement shade are important factors that influence the final shade and aesthetic appearance of ZLS restorations. Mechanical properties, which are defined by the fracture toughness, flexural strength, elastic modulus, and hardness of ZLS ceramic are higher compared to feldspathic, lithium disilicate, and hybrid ceramics, as well as resin nanoceramics; however, they are lower than translucent or high-translucency zirconia. Acid etching, sandblasting, and laser etching represent the most used methods to prepare the ZLS restoration surfaces for proper bonding procedures.
Key Therapeutic Targets to Treat Hyperglycemia-Induced Atherosclerosis Analyzed Using a Petri Net-Based Model
Authors: Rybarczyk Agnieszka , Formanowicz Dorota , Formanowicz Piotr
Published: December 2023

Chronic superphysiological glucose concentration is a hallmark of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a cause of damage to many types of cells. Atherosclerosis coexists with glucose metabolism disturbances, constituting a significant problem and exacerbating its complications. Atherosclerosis in DM is accelerated, so it is vital to slow its progression. However, from the complex network of interdependencies, molecules, and processes involved, choosing which ones should be inhibited without blocking the pathways crucial for the organism’s functioning is challenging. To conduct this type of analysis, in silicotesting comes in handy. In our study, to identify sites in the network that need to be blocked to have an inhibitory effect on atherosclerosis in hyperglycemia, which is toxic for the human organism, we created a model using Petri net theory and performed analyses. We have found that blocking isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC)—PKCβ and PKCγ—in diabetic patients can contribute to the inhibition of atherosclerosis progression. In addition, we have discovered that aldose reductase inhibition can slow down atherosclerosis progression, and this has been shown to reduce PKC (β and γ) expression in DM. It has also been observed that diminishing oxidative stress through the inhibitory effect on the AGE-RAGE axis may be a promising therapeutic approach in treating hyperglycemia-induced atherosclerosis. Moreover, the blockade of NADPH oxidase, the key enzyme responsible for the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in blood vessels, only moderately slowed down atherosclerosis development. However, unlike aldose reductase blockade, or direct PKC (β and γ), the increased production of mitochondrial ROS associated with mitochondrial dysfunction effectively stopped after NADPH oxidase blockade. The results obtained may constitute the basis for further in-depth research.
In Vitro Antiviral Potential of Cucurbitaceae Ecballium elaterium and Its Extract Containing Protease Inhibitors against Bovine Rotavirus
Authors: Aksoy Esra , Güler Nilgün , Sözdutmaz İbrahim , Kökkaya Serkan , Berber Engin , Göksu Ayşe Gençay
Published: December 2023

Bovine rotaviruses (BRVs) are significant causative agents of severe diarrhea in newborn calves, resulting in substantial economic losses in the livestock industry. Inhibition of bovine rotavirus using extracts prepared from a Cucurbitaceae plant, which contains trypsin protease inhibitors, might offer a potential anti-rotaviral effect in vitro. Ecballium elaterium (E. elaterium) belongs to the Cucurbitaceae family, indigenous to the Mediterranean, contains E. elaterium trypsin isoinhibitors (EETIso), and has been used in traditional medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of E. elaterium extract against bovine rotavirus infections. Ethanol extracts were prepared from E. elaterium seeds and fruit juice, and their non-toxic concentrations were determined using MA-104 cells. The cells were infected with bovine rotavirus in the presence of E. elaterium extract. The results demonstrated a significant decrease in the rotavirus titer in vitro upon treatment with the E. elaterium extract, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent against bovine rotavirus-induced diarrhea in calves. The utilization of E. elaterium extract may contribute to reduced calf mortality, lower medication costs, and improved economic value in cattle farming.
Pd-Ag-Au Minerals in Clinopyroxenites of the Kachkanar Ural–Alaskan-Type Complex (Middle Urals, Russia)
Authors: Stepanov Sergey Yu. , Chayka Ivan F. , Palamarchuk Roman S. , Korneev Andrey V.
Published: December 2023

The study of noble metal minerals of the Ural–Alaskan-type (UA-type) complexes has been traditionally focused on their platinum-bearing dunites and chromitites, while clinopyroxenites have been poorly considered. In this study, we report the first detailed data on the noble metal mineral assemblage in clinopyroxenites of the Kachkanar intrusion, which is a part of a UA-type complex and is renowned for its huge Ti-magnetite deposits. High concentrations of Pd, Au and Ag are closely linked to Cu-sulfide mineralization in amphibole clinopyroxenites, in which they form Pd-Ag-Au minerals: keithconnite Pd3−xTe, sopcheite Ag4Pd3Te4, stutzite Ag5−xTe3, hessite Ag2Te, merenskyite PdTe, kotulskite Pd(Te,Bi), temagamite Pd3HgTe, atheneite (Pd,Hg)3As, potarite PdHg, electrum AuAg and Hg-bearing native silver. Among those, six mineral phases are first reported for clinopyroxenites of the Ural platinum belt. Our evidence supports a petrological model, suggesting that during fractionation of high-Ca primitive magmas at high oxygen fugacity, Pt, Os, Ir, Ru and Rh accumulate in early olivine–chromite cumulates, while Pd, Au and Ag reside in the melt until sulfide saturation occurs and then concentrate in sulfide mineralization. Subsequently, this sulfide mineralization is likely affected by cumulate degassing, which results in a partial resorption of the sulfides and Pd, Au and Ag remobilization by fluid. Second-stage concentration of the sulfides and the chalcophile noble metals in the amphibole-rich rocks may occur when H2O from the fluid reacts with pyroxenes to form amphiboles, and the fluid becomes oversaturated with sulfides and chalcophile elements.
The Protective Effect of Auricularia cornea var. Li. Polysaccharide on Alcoholic Liver Disease and Its Effect on Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Wang Tianci , Jia Zikun , An Canghai , Ren Ping , Yang Yiting , Wang Wanting , Su Ling
Published: December 2023

This study’s objective was to examine the protective effect and mechanism of a novel polysaccharide (AYP) from Auricularia cornea var. Li. on alcoholic liver disease in mice. AYP was extracted from the fruiting bodies of Auricularia cornea var. Li. by enzymatic extraction and purified by DEAE-52 and Sephacryl S-400. Structural features were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography, ion exchange chromatography and Fourier-transform infrared analysis. Additionally, alcoholic liver disease (ALD) mice were established to explore the hepatoprotective activity of AYP (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/d). Here, our results showed that AYP presented high purity with a molecular weight of 4.64 × 105 Da. AYP was composed of galacturonic acid, galactose, glucose, arabinose, mannose, xylose, rhamnose, ribos, glucuronic acid and fucose (molar ratio: 39.5:32.9:23.6:18.3:6.5:5.8:5.8:3.3:2:1.1). Notably, AYP remarkably reduced liver function impairment (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC)), nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of the liver and enhanced the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione (gGSH)) in mice with ALD. Meanwhile, the serum level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were reduced in ALD mice treated by AYP. Furthermore, the AYPH group was the most effective and was therefore chosen to further investigate its effect on the intestinal microbiota (bacteria and fungi) of ALD mice. Based on 16s rRNA and ITS-1 sequencing data, AYP influenced the homeostasis of intestinal microbiota to mitigate the damage of ALD mice, possibly by raising the abundance of favorable microbiota (Muribaculaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Kazachstania) and diminishing the abundance of detrimental microbiota (Lactobacillus, Mortierella and Candida). This discovery opens new possibilities for investigating physiological activity in A. cornea var. Li. and provides theoretical references for natural liver-protecting medication research.
In Situ Synthesis of Bi2S3/BiFeO3 Nanoflower Hybrid Photocatalyst for Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
Authors: Zhou Rentao , Tu Xinman , Zheng Peng , Zhang Li , Zeng Zhenxing
Published: December 2023

Photocatalytic degradation of Malachite Green oxalate (MG) in a water body is of significant importance to our health protection, as it could cause various serious diseases. However the photocatalytic activity of most catalysts is still unsatisfactory, due to the poor reactive oxygen species production as a result of sluggish charge separation. Here, innovative nanoflower-shaped Bi2S3/BiFeO3 heterojunctions are prepared via a facile sol–gel method, exhibiting an enhanced reactive oxygen species generation, which leads to the excellent photocatalytic performance toward MG degradation. We verify that interfacing BiFeO3 with Bi2S3 could form a fine junction and offers a built-in field to speed up charge separation at the junction area; as a result, this shows much higher charge separation efficiency. By virtue of the aforementioned advantages, the as-prepared Bi2S3/BiFeO3 heterojunctions exhibit excellent photocatalytic performance toward MG degradation, where more than 99% of MG is removed within 2 h of photocatalysis. The innovative design of nanoflower-like Bi2S3/BiFeO3 heterojunctions may offer new viewpoints in designing highly efficient photocatalysts for environmentally related applications.
Recent Progress in Photocatalytic Degradation of Water Pollution by Bismuth Tungstate
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Yu Huijuan , Zhai Ruiqi , Zhang Jing , Gao Cuiping , Qi Kezhen , Yang Li , Ma Qiang
Published: December 2023

Photocatalysis has emerged as a highly promising, green, and efficient technology for degrading pollutants in wastewater. Among the various photocatalysts, Bismuth tungstate (Bi2WO6) has gained significant attention in the research community due to its potential in environmental remediation and photocatalytic energy conversion. However, the limited light absorption ability and rapid recombination of photogenerated carriers hinder the further improvement of Bi2WO6’s photocatalytic performance. This review aims to present recent advancements in the development of Bi2WO6-based photocatalysts. It delves into the photocatalytic mechanism of Bi2WO6 and summarizes the achieved photocatalytic characteristics by controlling its morphology, employing metal and non-metal doping, constructing semiconductor heterojunctions, and implementing defective engineering. Additionally, this review explores the practical applications of these modified Bi2WO6 photocatalysts in wastewater purification. Furthermore, this review addresses existing challenges and suggests prospects for the development of efficient Bi2WO6 photocatalysts. It is hoped that this comprehensive review will serve as a valuable reference and guide for researchers seeking to advance the field of Bi2WO6 photocatalysis.
The Combination of Upconversion Nanoparticles and Perovskite Quantum Dots with Temperature-Dependent Emission Colors for Dual-Mode Anti-Counterfeiting Applications
Authors: Zhang Qun , Gao Yuefeng , Cheng Lihong , Li You , Xu Sai , Chen Baojiu
Published: December 2023

Novel and high-security anti-counterfeiting technology has always been the focus of attention and research. This work proposes a nanocomposite combination of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) and perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) to achieve color-adjustable dual-mode luminescence anti-counterfeiting. Firstly, a series of NaGdF4: Yb/Tm UCNPs with different sizes were synthesized, and their thermal-enhanced upconversion luminescence performances were investigated. The upconversion luminescence (UCL) intensity of the samples increases with rising temperature, and the UCL thermal enhancement factor rises as the particle size decreases. This intriguing thermal enhancement phenomenon can be attributed to the mitigation of surface luminescence quenching. Furthermore, CsPbBr3 PeQDs were well adhered to the surfaces and surroundings of the UCNPs. Leveraging energy transfer and the contrasting temperature responses of UCNPs and PeQDs, this nanocomposite was utilized as a dual-mode thermochromic anti-counterfeiting system. As the temperature increases, the color of the composite changes from green to pink under 980 nm excitation, while it displays green to non-luminescence under 365 nm excitation. This new anti-counterfeiting material, with its high security and convenience, has great potential in anti-counterfeiting applications.
Ginkgo biloba Extract Drives Gut Flora and Microbial Metabolism Variation in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Yu Ting , Xing Yueyang , Gao Qi , Wang Dandan , Chen Hongzhuan , Wang Hao , Zhang Yongfang
Published: December 2023

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease. Numerous investigations have demonstrated that medications that regulate the “brain–gut” axis can ameliorate disease symptoms of AD. Studies have shown that Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) is involved in intestinal metabolism to meet the goal of illness treatment. EGb is currently utilized extensively in the clinical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. However, the regulatory effect of EGb on intestinal flora and its metabolites in AD pathology remains largely speculative. In this study, the Morris water maze test showed a significant improvement of spatial memory in the AD mouse model (APP/PS1 mice) after EGb treatment. We next confirmed the positive effects of EGb on the gut flora and metabolites of APP/PS1 mice and further showed that EGb treatment reshaped the disturbed gut microbiome, in particular by reducing the Firmicutes/Bacteroides ratio and increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes, Uroviricota, Streptophyta, and Spirochaetes. Meanwhile, a non-targeted metabolomics analysis showed that EGb treatment significantly reversed the dysfunction of the microbial metabolic phenotype by altering Limosilactobacillus and Parvibacte, with 300 differential metabolites modulated (131 up-regulated, 169 down-regulated). Our findings highlight the significant regulatory impact of EGb on intestinal microflora and microbial metabolism in AD mice models and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for AD.
Quantum Theory without the Axiom of Choice, and Lefschetz Quantum Physics
Authors: Thas Koen
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we discuss quantum formalisms that do not use the axiom of choice. We also consider the fundamental problem that addresses the (in)correctness of having the complex numbers as the base field for Hilbert spaces in the København interpretation of quantum theory, and propose a new approach to this problem (based on the Lefschetz principle). Rather than a theorem–proof paper, this paper describes two new research programs on the foundational level, and focuses on basic open questions that arise in these programs.
Combined Application of Myo-Inositol and Corn Steep Liquor from Agricultural Waste Alleviate Salt Stress in Brassica rapa
Authors: Zhang Xinjun , Wang Xian , Zhang Wenna , Chen Qing
Published: December 2023

Salinity poses a significant threat to plant growth through induction of osmotic and ionic stress and disruption of nutrient absorption. Biostimulants derived from agricultural waste offer a sustainable solution to alleviate salt-induced damage to plants and contribute to a circular and sustainable economy. In this study, we applied a combination of myo-inositol and corn steep liquor from waste sources to seedling cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and investigated their effects on plant growth under NaCl-simulated salt stress. Different concentrations of myo-inositol and corn steep liquor were applied to the roots, revealing that 150 mM NaCl significantly inhibited the growth and physiological metabolism of cabbage seedlings. Substrate application of myo-inositol, corn steep liquor, and their combination materials increased biomass, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, soluble proteins, and the contents of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ in cabbage under salt stress conditions, while reducing malondialdehyde, electrolyte leakage, Na+ content, and the ratios of Na+/K+, Na+/Ca2+, and Na+/Mg2+. Therefore, root application of myo-inositol, corn steep liquor, and myo-inositol–corn steep liquor combination materials enhanced photosynthesis and enhanced cabbage salt stress resistance by maintaining cell osmotic and ion balance. The most pronounced positive effects were observed in the treatment with 0.1 mL L−1 corn steep liquor +288 mg L−1 myo-inositol. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical guidance for the combined utilization of myo-inositol and corn steep liquor to boost early growth and salt resistance in crops.
Effects of Plant Regulators on the Seed Germination and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Cotton under Compound Salt Stress
Authors: Dong Zhiduo , Huang Jian , Qi Tong , Fu Qiuping , Meng Ajing , Fu Yanbo
Published: December 2023

Salinity stress significantly hampers cotton seed germination and seedling growth. Employing plant growth regulators stands out as an effective strategy to mitigate salt stress. In this study, we assessed the impact of varying concentrations of natural composite salt conditions (0%, 0.6%, and 1.2%) on cotton seed germination, seedling growth, and physiology. Additionally, we explored the effects of compound sodium nitrophenolate (CSN: 2 mg·L−1 and 10 mg·L−1), 24-epibrassinolide (EBR: 0.02 mg·L−1 and 0.1 mg·L−1), and gibberellic acid (GA: 60 mg·L−1 and 300 mg·L−1), against a control (CK: distilled water) group. The results indicate that with an increase in the composite salt concentration, the germination potential (GP) and germination rate (GR) of cotton seeds gradually decrease. Simultaneously, the fresh weight and root vitality of seedlings also correspondingly decrease, while the degree of membrane lipid peroxidation increases. Under high-salt (1.2%) conditions, soaking treatments with CSN and EBR significantly enhance both GP (45–59% and 55–64%) and GR (30–33% and 39–36%) compared to the CK. However, the GA treatment does not increase the GP and GR of cotton. Moreover, under high-salt (1.2%) conditions, CSN and EBR treatments result in the increased activities of superoxide dismutase (56–66% and 71–80%), peroxidase (20–24% and 37–51%), and catalase (26–32% and 35–46%). Consequently, cotton exhibits a relatively good tolerance to natural composite salts. Soaking treatments with CSN and EBR effectively improve cotton germination by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities, thereby strengthening cotton’s tolerance to salt stress. These findings offer new insights for enhancing the salt tolerance of cotton.
Optimization of Isocyanate Content in PF/pMDI Adhesive for the Production of High-Performing Particleboards
Authors: Kawalerczyk Jakub , Dukarska Dorota , Barczewski Mateusz , Dziurka Dorota , Mirski Radosław
Published: December 2023

Due to the fact that impregnation with fire retardant usually reduces the strength of the produced particleboards, this research was carried out to investigate whether it is possible to use phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin modified using various amounts (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) of polymeric 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) for this purpose. The need to optimize the addition of pMDI is particularly important due to health and environmental aspects and high price. Furthermore, the curing process of hybrid resins is still not fully explained, especially in the case of small loadings. Manufactured particleboards differed in the share of impregnated particles (50% and 100%). The mixture of potassium carbonate and urea was used as the impregnating solution. Based on the outcomes of hybrid resins properties, it was found that the addition of pMDI leads to the increase in solid content, pH, and viscosity of the mixtures, to the improvement in resin reactivity determined using differential scanning calorimetry and to the decrease in thermal stability in the cured state evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, particleboard property results have shown that using impregnated particles (both 50% and 100%) decreased the strength of manufactured boards bonded using neat PF resin. However, the introduction of pMDI allowed us to compensate for the negative impact of fire-retardant-treated wood and it was found that the optimal loading of pMDI for the board containing 50% of impregnated particles is 5% and for board made entirely of treated wood it is 10%.
Evaluating the Electromagnetic Shielding of Continuous Carbon Fiber Parts Produced by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Martins Luís C. , Silva Cátia S. , Fernandes Leandro C. , Sampaio Álvaro M. , Pontes António J.
Published: December 2023

Electronic devices are sensitive to electromagnetic (EM) emissions, and require electromagnetic shielding protection to ensure good operation, and prevent noise, malfunctioning, or even burning. To ensure protection, it is important to develop suitable material and design solutions for electronic enclosures. Most common enclosures are made with metal alloys using traditional manufacturing methods. However, using thermoplastic composites combined with additive manufacturing (AM) technologies emerges as an alternative that enables the fabrication of complex parts that are lightweight, consolidated, and oxidation- and corrosion-resistant. In this research, an AM technique based on material extrusion was used to print 2 mm-thick specimens with a multi-material made of micro-carbon fiber (CF)-filled polyamide that was reinforced at specific layers using continuous carbon fibers stacked with a 90° rotation to each other. The specimens’ electromagnetic shielding effectiveness (EMSE) was evaluated in the frequency band of 0.03–3 GHz using the coaxial transmission line method. Depending on the number of CF layers, the EM shielding obtained can be up to 70 dB, with a specific shielding up to 60 dB.cm3/g, predominantly by the absorption mechanism, being 22 times higher than without the CF layers. These findings promote this innovative approach to lightweight customizable solutions for EM shielding applications.
In Vitro and Anti-Inflammatory Activity Evaluation Nanofibers from a Breath Mask and Filter Based on Polyurethane and Polyvinylidene Fluoride
Authors: Kim Kyu oh
Published: December 2023

Nanofiber (NF) products exhibit outstanding performances in materials science, textiles, and medicine that cannot be realized using conventional technologies. However, the safety of such products is debated because of the potential health risks that nanomaterials pose and the lack of standardized guidelines for the safety evaluation of NF products. The global safety evaluations of nanomaterials have focused on evaluating the cytotoxicity of low-dimensional materials, including nanoparticles and nanotubes, based on OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) criteria. NFs are one-dimensional materials with nanometer diameters and considerable lengths. Many fibers are applied in a densely woven web-like form, so assessing cellular penetration and fiber toxicity using the same methods is inappropriate. This study verifies the safety of the polyurethane (PU) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymers currently applied in filters and masks. To this end, polymer NFs were collected from each product, and the NFs were compared with reference samples using FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. For the safety evaluation, DMSO stocks of varying concentrations of PVDF and PU NFs (at 0.5, 1, 5, and 10 μg/mL) were prepared. The cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production and protein expression obtained via Western blot were identified.
Multi-Parameter Analysis of Groundwater Resources Quality in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes Region (France) Using a Large Database
Authors: Ayach Meryem , Lazar Hajar , Bousouis Abderrahim , Touiouine Abdessamad , Kacimi Ilias , Valles Vincent , Barbiero Laurent
Published: December 2023

The aim of this work is to gain a better understanding of the diversity of groundwater resource quality in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region (France) using the national Sise-Eaux database. Three matrices were extracted, which included a hollow matrix (approximately 120,000 observations and 21 variables) and two complete matrices (8078 observations with 13 variables each and 150 observations with 20 variables each, respectively). The mapping of these parameters, the chemical profiles of the water, and the characteristics of the variograms make it possible to estimate the importance of the temporal variance compared with the spatial variance. This distinction led to a typology separating 4 groups of chemical parameters and 2 groups of bacteriological parameters, highlighting the information redundancies linking several parameters. A PCA was used to considerably reduce the size of the hyperspace of the data. The study of the factorial axes combined with their distribution over the study area made it possible to discriminate and identify certain mechanisms for acquiring the physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of groundwater, the importance of lithology, the components of faecal contamination, and the role of environmental conditions. A typology of the parameters by hierarchical clustering on the major part of the information makes it possible to reduce the information to that carried by a few representative parameters. This work is a new step in understanding the diversity of groundwater resources in general, with a view to more targeted monitoring based on this diversity.
Effectiveness of Green Bonds in Selected CEE Countries: Analysis of Similarities
Authors: Czech Maria , Hadaś-Dyduch Monika , Puszer Blandyna
Published: December 2023

Green bonds are an increasingly important area not only in the financing of investments important to the environment, but recently also as an object of investment. From the investors point of view, the key aspect still remains the efficiency of the investment and its profitability. The subject of this research is to evaluate changes in the efficiency of green bonds issued in the selected CEE countries (Poland, Slovakia, Czech Republic, and Hungary), in the short and long term. Poland is the largest issuer of green bonds in this group, followed by the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia. Individual green bonds in these group of countries are characterized by varying levels of green bond yields, duration of the investment, issue size and counterparty risk. These factors greatly hinder their comparability, especially in terms of investment efficiency. This manuscript fits into this area, as the main purpose of the manuscript is to show similarities in the yields of green bonds issued in Poland and green bonds issued in CEE countries. The hypothesis that will be tested is that changes in the effectiveness of green bonds issued in Poland are strongly correlated with changes in the effectiveness of green bonds issued in CEE countries. The results of the research positively verified the hypothesis, and the objectives of the research were achieved. It was shown that green bonds issued in the Czech Republic and Slovakia demonstrate a high similarity in terms of effectiveness to green bonds issued in Poland. At the same time, the results confirmed that of all the bonds analysed, the one bond issued by the Hungarian government is the least related to green bonds issued in Poland in terms of effectiveness for investors. The study used multiresolution analysis and Dynamic Time Warping. The Dynamic Time Warping algorithm measures the similarity between two sequences that can change over time. The analysis was carried out over a wide temporal cross-section, analysing the similarity between the effectiveness in both the short and long term.
MobileSAM-Track: Lightweight One-Shot Tracking and Segmentation of Small Objects on Edge Devices
Authors: Liu Yehui , Zhao Yuliang , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Xiaoai , Lian Chao , Li Jian , Shan Peng , Fu Changzeng , Lyu Xiaoyong , Li Lianjiang , Fu Qiang , Li Wen Jung
Published: December 2023

Tracking and segmenting small targets in remote sensing videos on edge devices carries significant engineering implications. However, many semi-supervised video object segmentation (S-VOS) methods heavily rely on extensive video random-access memory (VRAM) resources, making deployment on edge devices challenging. Our goal is to develop an edge-deployable S-VOS method that can achieve high-precision tracking and segmentation by selecting a bounding box for the target object. First, a tracker is introduced to pinpoint the position of the tracked object in different frames, thereby eliminating the need to save the results of the split as other S-VOS methods do, thus avoiding an increase in VRAM usage. Second, we use two key lightweight components, correlation filters (CFs) and the Mobile Segment Anything Model (MobileSAM), to ensure the inference speed of our model. Third, a mask diffusion module is proposed that improves the accuracy and robustness of segmentation without increasing VRAM usage. We use our self-built dataset containing airplanes and vehicles to evaluate our method. The results show that on the GTX 1080 Ti, our model achieves a J&F score of 66.4% under the condition that the VRAM usage is less than 500 MB, while maintaining a processing speed of 12 frames per second (FPS). The model we propose exhibits good performance in tracking and segmenting small targets on edge devices, providing a solution for fields such as aircraft monitoring and vehicle tracking that require executing S-VOS tasks on edge devices.
Land-Use Optimization Based on Ecological Security Pattern—A Case Study of Baicheng, Northeast China
Authors: Peng Bin , Yang Jiuchun , Li Yixue , Zhang Shuwen
Published: December 2023

In the current context of global urbanization and climate change, balancing ecological protection and economic development is a particular challenge in the optimal allocation of regional land use. Here, we propose a research framework for the optimal allocation of land use that considers the regional ecological security pattern (ESP) and allocates space for land-use activities to areas with low ecological risk. Taking Baicheng, China as our study area, ecological sources were first identified by integrating their ecological importance and landscape connectivity, and ecological corridors and functional zones were extracted using the minimum cumulative resistance difference and circuit theory. The ecological source areas were then taken as limiting factors, and four future scenarios were established for 2030 using the parcel-level land-use simulator (PLUS) model. The ecological corridors and functional zones served as areas having restricted ecological conditions, and the four future scenarios were coupled into the corresponding functional zones to optimize the land-use structure in 2030. The results indicate that under the coupled ESP–PLUS scenario, the spatial distribution and structure of land use in Baicheng balance the needs of ecological source area protection and economic development, resulting in greater sustainability. By 2030, the cultivated land area will steadily increase, but attention will also be given to the protection of ecological land (e.g., woodland and marshland), aligning with current policy planning demands. An analysis of the landscape indices for each future scenario found all scenarios to be effective in reducing negative changes in landscape patterns. These findings provide a novel perspective for the rational allocation of future land resources and the optimization of land-use structures.