bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personalized Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer
Authors: Taghizadeh Hossein , Prager Gerald W.
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Colon cancer (CC) is one of the most frequent malignant diseases. Adjuvant chemotherapy is of utmost importance in the management of localized disease. With the emergence of precision medicine, treatment approaches are becoming increasingly personalized and complex. This review contributes to a broader understanding of the role and relevance of personalized adjuvant treatment strategies in colon carcinoma, and summarizes the current status in this disease entity. Methods: We searched the websites ClinicalTrials.gov, PubMed, and ASCO (American Society of Medical Oncology) Meeting Library for clinical trials and retrospective analyses in the field of adjuvant treatment of CC with special attention to personalized approaches. Results: Various factors, including gender, age, sidedness, stage, dMMR/MSI-H, mutations, molecular profile, CMS, immunoscore, minimal residual disease, type of adjuvant therapy, therapy duration, and the patient’s wish play an important role in the adjuvant setting of CC and should be considered in treatment decision making. Conclusion: Future molecular profiling ideally assessed and monitored by liquid biopsy might personalize decision making even more in the adjuvant setting of CC patients. Further research and clinical trials are needed to clarify relevant questions and to highlight important clinical aspects.
Minipuberty: Why Does it Happen?
Authors: Becker Marianne , Hesse Volker
Published: June 2020

Minipuberty describes the transient sex-specific activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis during the first 6 months of life in boys and during the first 2 years in girls. It leads to a rise of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, estradiol, and testosterone. The existence of minipuberty has been known for >40 years, but we still do not fully understand why it takes place. Current thinking suggests that it is an essential imprinting period for different body functions. Firstly, minipuberty plays an important role in genital organ development; testosterone influences penile growth, the number of Sertoli cells, and spermatogenesis. Secondly, it seems to influence the infant’s body composition; testosterone likely has an imprinting effect on BMI and body weight of boys and growth velocity in the first 6 months of life. Thirdly, it affects cognitive functions; testosterone has an impact on language organization in the infant brain and estradiol affects laryngeal sound production and baby babbling. There are inconsistent findings concerning the impact of minipuberty on sex-specific playing behavior. Minipuberty is an interesting field of research, and further studies in this area will teach us more about this exciting period of human development.
Testicular Microlithiasis Is Associated with Impaired Spermatogenesis in Patients with Unexplained Infertility
Authors: Rassam Yousif , Gromoll Jörg , Kliesch Sabine , Schubert Maria
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Testicular microlithiasis (TML) was shown to be associated with an increased risk of infertility. However, the association of TML with spermatogenesis in patients with unexplained infertility is still unknown. In this study, we therefore investigated the effect of TML on hormones and sperm parameters in a large cohort of infertile men without major factors for impaired fertility and azoospermic men serving for comparison. Methods: Over a period of 10 years, we retrospectively analyzed 2,914 patients who attended our centre with the diagnosis of unexplained infertility and sperm count >1 million/ejaculate, as well as 281 patients with unexplained azoospermia. From the 2,914 patients, we identified 218 patients with TML as revealed by ultrasound imaging. Further, 26 out of 281 azoospermic patients showed TML. Subsequently, we performed a thorough analysis of reproductive parameters and their association with TML. Results: The overall incidence of TML in patients with unexplained infertility and in unexplained azoospermic men was 7.5 and 9.3%, respectively. Patients with unexplained infertility and TML showed significantly smaller testicular volume, elevated FSH level, and lower sperm count and motility. Impaired spermatogenesis was not associated with the amount of microlithiasis, considered after classification into subgroups (<5 vs. ≥5 microliths/testis), and instead was associated with presence or absence of TML. TML in unexplained infertile azoospermic patients was not significantly associated neither with andrological reproductive parameters nor with sperm retrieval rate in microsurgical testicular sperm extraction. Discussion/Conclusion: TML itself, and not the number of microliths, is associated with impaired spermatogenesis in patients with unexplained infertility. The parameter TML alone is not sufficient to predict spermatogenic impairment in azoospermic patients. This study highlights the importance of ultrasound imaging in the clinical evaluation of infertile men, taking into account that TML is a negative co-factor for male fertility.
Chondrocranial and hyobranchial structure in two South American suctorial tadpoles of the genus Telmatobufo (Anura: Calyptocephalellidae)
Authors: Formas J. Ramón , Cuevas César C.
Published: June 2020

Chondrocranial and hyobranchial structure in two South American suctorial tadpoles of the genus Telmatobufo (Anura: Calyptocephalellidae). The chondrocranium, hyobranchium, rectus abdominis muscle, and epaxial musculature of Telmatobufo australis and T. ignotus are described. In addition, these structures were compared wih those of the non-suctorial Calyptocephalella gayi, the sister group of Telmatobufo.
Carcass consumption by Nasutitermes callimorphus (Blattodea: Isoptera) in highland forests from Brazil
Authors: Eloi Igor , Oliveira Mário Herculano de , Bezerra-Gusmão Maria Avany
Published: June 2020

This note reports the occurrence of carcass feeding by Nasutitermes callimorphus, a endemic termite from brazilian evergreen forests. Based on this observation and previous reports, it is plausible to think that drought may play a important role in the occurrence of necrophagy in termites.
Increasing Fatty Acid Oxidation Prevents High-Fat Diet–Induced Cardiomyopathy Through Regulating Parkin-Mediated Mitophagy
Authors: Shao Dan , Kolwicz Stephen C. , Wang Pei , Roe Nathan D. , Villet Outi , Nishi Kiyoto , Hsu Yun-Wei A. , Flint Galina V. , Caudal Arianne , Wang Wang , Regnier Michael , Tian Rong
Published: June 2020

Background:

Increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO) has long been considered a culprit in the development of obesity/diabetes mellitus–induced cardiomyopathy. However, enhancing cardiac FAO by removing the inhibitory mechanism of long-chain fatty acid transport into mitochondria via deletion of acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase 2 (ACC2) does not cause cardiomyopathy in nonobese mice, suggesting that high FAO is distinct from cardiac lipotoxicity. We hypothesize that cardiac pathology–associated obesity is attributable to the imbalance of fatty acid supply and oxidation. Thus, we here seek to determine whether further increasing FAO by inducing ACC2 deletion prevents obesity-induced cardiomyopathy, and if so, to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Methods:

We induced high FAO in adult mouse hearts by cardiac-specific deletion of ACC2 using a tamoxifen-inducible model (ACC2 iKO). Control and ACC2 iKO mice were subjected to high-fat diet (HFD) feeding for 24 weeks to induce obesity. Cardiac function, mitochondria function, and mitophagy activity were examined.

Results:

Despite both control and ACC2 iKO mice exhibiting a similar obese phenotype, increasing FAO oxidation by deletion of ACC2 prevented HFD-induced cardiac dysfunction, pathological remodeling, and mitochondria dysfunction, as well. Similarly, increasing FAO by knockdown of ACC2 prevented palmitate-induced mitochondria dysfunction and cardiomyocyte death in vitro. Furthermore, HFD suppressed mitophagy activity and caused damaged mitochondria to accumulate in the heart, which was attenuated, in part, in the ACC2 iKO heart. Mechanistically, ACC2 iKO prevented HFD-induced downregulation of parkin. During stimulation for mitophagy, mitochondria-localized parkin was severely reduced in control HFD-fed mouse heart, which was restored, in part, in ACC2 iKO HFD-fed mice.

Conclusions:

These data show that increasing cardiac FAO alone does not cause cardiac dysfunction, but protects against cardiomyopathy in chronically obese mice. The beneficial effect of enhancing cardiac FAO in HFD-induced obesity is mediated, in part, by the maintenance of mitochondria function through regulating parkin-mediated mitophagy. Our findings also suggest that targeting the parkin-dependent mitophagy pathway could be an effective strategy against the development of obesity-induced cardiomyopathy.
Noncoding RNAs in Cardiovascular Disease: Current Knowledge, Tools and Technologies for Investigation, and Future Directions: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Das Saumya , Shah Ravi , Dimmeler Stefanie , Freedman Jane E. , Holley Christopher , Lee Jin-Moo , Moore Kathryn , Musunuru Kiran , Wang Da-Zhi , Xiao Junjie , Yin Ke-Jie ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Council on Genomic and Precision Medicine; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Clinical Cardiology
Published: June 2020

Background:

The discovery that much of the non–protein-coding genome is transcribed and plays a diverse functional role in fundamental cellular processes has led to an explosion in the development of tools and technologies to investigate the role of these noncoding RNAs in cardiovascular health. Furthermore, identifying noncoding RNAs for targeted therapeutics to treat cardiovascular disease is an emerging area of research. The purpose of this statement is to review existing literature, offer guidance on tools and technologies currently available to study noncoding RNAs, and identify areas of unmet need.

Methods:

The writing group used systematic literature reviews (including MEDLINE, Web of Science through 2018), expert opinion/statements, analyses of databases and computational tools/algorithms, and review of current clinical trials to provide a broad consensus on the current state of the art in noncoding RNA in cardiovascular disease.

Results:

Significant progress has been made since the initial studies focusing on the role of miRNAs (microRNAs) in cardiovascular development and disease. Notably, recent progress on understanding the role of novel types of noncoding small RNAs such as snoRNAs (small nucleolar RNAs), tRNA (transfer RNA) fragments, and Y-RNAs in cellular processes has revealed a noncanonical function for many of these molecules. Similarly, the identification of long noncoding RNAs that appear to play an important role in cardiovascular disease processes, coupled with the development of tools to characterize their interacting partners, has led to significant mechanistic insight. Finally, recent work has characterized the unique role of extracellular RNAs in mediating intercellular communication and their potential role as biomarkers.

Conclusions:

The rapid expansion of tools and pipelines for isolating, measuring, and annotating these entities suggests that caution in interpreting results is warranted until these methodologies are rigorously validated. Most investigators have focused on investigating the functional role of single RNA entities, but studies suggest complex interaction between different RNA molecules. The use of network approaches and advanced computational tools to understand the interaction of different noncoding RNA species to mediate a particular phenotype may be required to fully comprehend the function of noncoding RNAs in mediating disease phenotypes.
Long-Term Blood Pressure Variability in Young Adulthood and Coronary Artery Calcium and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Midlife
Authors: Nwabuo Chike C. , Yano Yuichiro , Moreira Henrique T. , Appiah Duke , Vasconcellos Henrique D. , Aghaji Queen N. , Viera Anthony J. , Rana Jamal S. , Shah Ravi V. , Murthy Venkatesh L. , Allen Norrina B. , Schreiner Pamela J. , Lloyd-Jones Donald M. , Lima João A.C.
Published: June 2020

Recent evidence links long-term (visit-to-visit) blood pressure (BP) variability to the risk of cardiovascular disease, independent of mean BP levels. Potential associations between long-term BP variability and cardiovascular disease risk may be reflected in early life course alterations in coronary artery calcium (CAC) and carotid intima-media thickness. We evaluated 2482 CARDIA study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) participants (mean [SD] age at the year 20 exam [2005–2006] was 45.4 [3.6] years, 43.2% men, and 41.3% black). We included participants with BP assessments across 20-years (year 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20 exams) and carotid intima-media thickness and CAC data at the year 20 exam. BP variability was assessed using variability independent of the mean and SD. Adjusted multivariable linear or logistic regression models (as appropriate) were used to assess associations between long-term BP variability measures and carotid intima-media thickness. and CAC (ln [CAC+1] and prevalent CAC). Long-term systolic BP variability independent of the mean (per 1 SD) was positively associated with carotid intima-media thickness (β=10 μm, SE=3,
P
=0.002). Similarly, long-term diastolic BP variability independent of the mean was associated with carotid intima-media thickness (β=10 μm, SE (3),
P
=0.001). Long-term BP variability was not associated with either ln [CAC+1] or prevalent CAC. Long-term systolic and diastolic BP variability across early adulthood was positively associated with modest adverse midlife alterations in carotid intima-media thickness but not to CAC. Our findings provide further insights into pathophysiologic mechanisms that link long-term BP variability to cardiovascular disease.
PARA, AYRIŞTIRILMIŞ KREDİLER, KONUT FİYATLARI VE GSYH ARASINDAKİ NEDENSELLİK İLİŞKİSİ
Authors: KURT CİHANGİR Çiğdem
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de 2005Ç4 – 2019Ç3 döneminde, para arzı, krediler, konut fiyatları, para politikası ve GSYH arasındaki dinamik ilişki Granger nedensellik testi ile araştırılmıştır. Krediler, literatürden farklı olarak, GSYH’yı etkileyen üretken krediler ve GSYH’yı etkilemeyen varlık kredileri olarak ayrıştırılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda varlık kredilerinin, üretken kredilerin Granger nedeni olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, konut fiyatlarına ilişkin teminat etkisinin de ortaya çıktığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Physical Modeling, Algorithms, and Sound Synthesis: The NESS Project
Authors: Bilbao Stefan , Desvages Charlotte , Ducceschi Michele , Hamilton Brian , Harrison-Harsley Reginald , Torin Alberto , Webb Craig
Published: June 2020

Synthesis using physical modeling has a long history. As computational costs for physical modeling synthesis are often much greater than for conventional synthesis methods, most techniques currently rely on simplifying assumptions. These include digital waveguides, as well as modal synthesis methods. Although such methods are efficient, it can be difficult to approach some of the more detailed behavior of musical instruments in this way, including strongly nonlinear interactions. Mainstream time-stepping simulation methods, despite being computationally costly, allow for such detailed modeling. In this article, the results of a five-year research project, Next Generation Sound Synthesis, are presented, with regard to algorithm design for a variety of sound-producing systems, including brass and bowed-string instruments, guitars, and large-scale environments for physical modeling synthesis. In addition, 3-D wave-based modeling of large acoustic spaces is discussed, as well as the embedding of percussion instruments within such spaces for full spatialization. This article concludes with a discussion of some of the basics of such time-stepping methods, as well as their application in audio synthesis.
Large-Scale Physical Modeling Synthesis, Parallel Computing, and Musical Experimentation: The NESS Project in Practice
Authors: Bilbao Stefan , Perry James , Graham Paul , Gray Alan , Kavoussanakis Kostas , Delap Gordon , Mudd Tom , Sassoon Gadi , Wishart Trevor , Young Samson
Published: June 2020

Sound synthesis using physical modeling, emulating systems of a complexity approaching and even exceeding that of real-world acoustic musical instruments, is becoming possible, thanks to recent theoretical developments in musical acoustics and algorithm design. Severe practical difficulties remain, both at the level of the raw computational resources required, and at the level of user control. An approach to the first difficulty is through the use of large-scale parallelization, and results for a variety of physical modeling systems are presented here. Any progress with regard to the second difficulty requires, necessarily, the experience and advice of professional musicians. A basic interface to a parallelized large-scale physical modeling synthesis system is presented here, accompanied by first-hand descriptions of the working methods of five composers, each of whom generated complete multichannel pieces using the system.
Digitizing the Txalaparta: Computer-Based Study of a Traditional Practice
Authors: Hurtado Enrique , Magnusson Thor , Rekalde Josu
Published: June 2020

This article describes a software implementation dealing with the ancient Basque musical tradition of the txalaparta. The research is different from earlier studies of the txalaparta in that, by digitizing the instrument and its performance rules, we have had to formalize and make explicit conventions that hitherto have been tacit knowledge of improvisational practice. Analysis through software development is an unusual case of musicological analysis as it demands clarity and precision, and often requires multidisciplinary approaches to understand the studied subject. We have developed software in order to analyze and understand a practice that has received little musicological analysis. By expounding musical patterns and performers' behaviors that have hitherto been difficult to analyze, we reveal the social and cultural aspects of performance practice.

The txalaparta is a two-performer instrument and the software produces txalaparta rhythms and plays along with a human player, while learning and adapting to the player's style. The system helps novices to explore the rules of the txalaparta and more-experienced performers to approach the instrument from a new perspective. In this research we have applied a user-centered approach, where feedback from players using the digital txalaparta was collected. This feedback allowed us to approach the reflective vision of txalaparta players and their thoughts on the results of our research.
Numbers or no numbers in science studies
Authors: Bowker Geoffrey C.
Published: June 2020

This article analyzes my own research trajectory with respect to the qualitative/quantitative divide in science studies and situates my work in the field.
The Right to Information of (Un)Accompanied Refugee Children
Authors: Rap S.E.
Published: June 2020

Refugee children often find themselves in a vulnerable position; they have experienced trauma and mental health problems and in the host country they are involved in a complex and adult-oriented asylum application procedure. International and European legal standards urge states to adapt migration procedures to the age and maturity of children and to make these more child-friendly. In this article, the core concept of analysis is the child’s right to information. It will be shown that this right is closely connected to other children’s rights and concepts, such as access to justice, child-friendly justice and the right to participation. The implementation in practice of the right to information in the asylum procedure in the Netherlands will serve as a case study, to show the precarious information position of both unaccompanied as well as accompanied refugee children. The results of this study show that the information position of these children can be improved, which will benefit their legal position, emotional well-being and possibilities to exercise their rights.
Guan Liang, Tan Huamu, and Ding Yanyong: Their Modern Art Practice and the Phenomenon of the “Tōyō Review”
Authors: Tao Cai
Published: June 2020

During the late Taishō period, three Guangdong-born Chinese artists, Guan Liang 關良 (1900–1986), Tan Huamu 譚華牧 (1896–1976), and Ding Yanyong 丁衍庸 (1902–1978), were studying in Tokyo, Japan. After their return to China, they engaged daily in a kind of cross-media practice in oil and ink paintings that serves to remind us of the need to rethink the cultural experiment that China’s modern art movements have undertaken since the 1920s, and which has thus far been overlooked. In the face of the sudden rise of attention towards literati paintings in the Japanese art world, and in the midst of the Western modern art currents that were centered in Paris, these Japan-trained artists, with their comparative cultural perspectives, began to re-examine their own cultural tradition and form a cross-media creative model with an intrinsic cultural reflectiveness and innovative outlook. Moreover, the phenomenon of the “Tōyō review” 東洋回顧 that emerged from the intense interactions between the cultures of East and West not only brought about the concept of “Chinese painting,” but also led to the rise of the notion of the “superiority of Chinese art.”
First record of Systelloderes (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalidae) from Ecuador with a list of Ecuadorian Enicocephalomorpha
Authors: CARRASCO JUAN CARLOS , CABALLERO-SERRANO VERONICA , BAŇAŘ PETR
Published: June 2020

The genus Systelloderes Blanchard, 1852 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Enicocephalomorpha: Enicocephalidae), has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution, with the greatest species richness being found in humid tropical and subtropical forests, but species are also present in humid microhabitats of temperate and arid zones (Wygodzinsky & Schmidt 1991). In the Eastern Hemisphere species of Systelloderes occur in continental Africa (22 species, see Villiers 1969; 1976; Maldonado 1988; Baňař 2008); Madagascar (Systelloders milloti Villiers, 1952); New Zealand (see Štys 1970, 2002) and New Caledonia (Systelloders loebli Štys & Baňař, 2007). Two species (S. capillicornis Bergroth, 1918 from Luzon and S. aetherius Bergroth, 1916 from Queensland) originally described as Systelloderes belong to the genus Henschiella Horváth, 1888 (P. Štys, unpublished data). As is frequently the case with Enicocephalomorpha, many species of Systelloderes remain to be described, especially from the Afrotropical, Neotropical and Oriental Regions. There are 13 described Systelloderes species from North and Central America (Wygodzinsky & Schmidt 1991). To date, there are only six described species of Systelloderes from South America: two from Venezuela, and by a single species from Bolivia, Brazil, Chile and Peru each. There are very few additional records of Systelloderes in the New World tropics, including the works of Wolda (1975) and Ospina-Bautista (2018) on Colombia, Parker et al. (2012) on Peru, and Maestre et al. (2001) from Brazil.
Two new genera, Halista Park, gen. nov. and Mireana Park, gen. nov. and
six new species of the family Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera) from the Philippines
Authors: PARK KYU-TEK , KIM SORA
Published: June 2020

Two new genera, Halista Park, gen. nov. (type species: Ephalista batillosa Park & Kim, sp. nov.) and Mireana Park, gen. nov. (type species: Miraena tawitawiensis Park & Kim sp. nov.), and four new species, assigned to the previously known genera: Lecithocera wolframmeyi sp. nov, L. bipunctata sp. nov., Torodora platiella sp. nov. and Chrysonasma occidentis sp. nov. are described from the Philippines. Illustrations of adults and genitalia of all new species are provided.
The female of Epipleoneura spatulata Rácenis, 1960 (Odonata: Protoneurinae)
Authors: VILELA DIOGO SILVA , NEISS ULISSES GASPAR , KOROIVA RICARDO , GUILLERMO-FERREIRA RHAINER , HAMADA NEUSA
Published: June 2020

Here we describe the hitherto unknown female of Epipleoneura spatulata Rácenis, 1960 and present a table of characters (all illustrated) to distinguish it from other known congeneric females. We suggest that the main diagnostic character of the female of E. spatulata is the shape of posterior margin of prothorax, which is flat medially with smoothly curved erect lateral projections.
Managing Craniomaxillofacial Injury Without Inpatient Consult: Outcomes and Patient Cost Savings
Authors: Melmer Patrick , Taylor Ryan , Muertos Keely , Sciarretta Jason D.
Published: June 2020

Background

We hypothesized that trauma surgeons can safely selectively manage traumatic craniomaxillofacial injuries (CMF) without specialist consult, thereby decreasing the overall cost burden to patients.

Methods

A 4-year retrospective analysis of all CMF fractures diagnosed on facial CT scans. CMF consultation was compared with no-CMF consultation. Demographics, injury severity, and specialty consultation charges were recorded. Penetrating injuries, skull fractures, or patients completing inpatient craniofacial surgery were excluded.

Results

303 patients were studied (124 CMF consultation vs 179 no-CMF consultation), mean age was 47.8 years, with 70% males. Mean Glasgow Coma Scale and Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 14 ± 3.4 and 10 ± 9, respectively. Patients with CMF consults had higher ISS ( P < .001) and needed surgery on admission ( P < .001), while no-CMF consults had shorter length of stay ( P < .002). No in-hospital mortality or 30-day readmission rates were related to no-CMF consult. Total patient charges saved with no-CMF consultation was $26 539.96.

Discussion

Trauma surgeons can selectively manage acute CMF injuries without inpatient specialist consultation. Additional guidelines can be established to avoid tertiary transfers for specialty consultation and decrease patient charges.
American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma “Stop the Bleed Program”: Quantifying the Impact of Training Upon Public School Educators Readiness
Authors: Ciraulo Luciano A. , Ciraulo Nicolas A. , Ciraulo Rocco S. , Robaczewski Grant D. , Andreasen Katherine P. , Falank Carolyne R. , Ontengco Julianne B. , Ciraulo David L.
Published: June 2020

Background

School violence continues to afflict our educational institutions. In response, an institutional initiative was launched to train educators and school support staff in life-saving skills aimed at hemorrhage control.

Methods

The American College of Surgeons Committee on Trauma “Stop the Bleed” (STB) Program was promoted as a quality improvement initiative to schools within the geographic catchment area of this Level I Trauma Center. Participants were given the opportunity to take precourse, and postcourse confidence inventories using a Likert Scale. Statistical analysis of the 324 precourse to postcourse evaluations measuring change in confidence was used to evaluate improvement in readiness of school systems to respond in mass casualty incidents.

Results

Students enrolled in the STB Program were offered the opportunity to assess their confidence precourse and postcourse in reference to 7 questions. Precourse and postcourse Likert Scale inventories were compared and analyzed to assess the strength of the improvement in confidence using Student’s t-test, where P < .05 is statistically significant. Students demonstrated improvement ( P < .006) that was statistically significant across all 7-question relating to enhance confidence postcourse compared with the precourse.

Discussion

This STB quality initiative has demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in the confidence of teachers and school personnel to render lifesaving care in the event of a mass casualty or isolated incident of life-threatening hemorrhage. These results support the validity of the training in making a difference in this subpopulation of responders.
Mental Health Service Utilization: General and Gendered Consequences for Prison Strains
Authors: Severson Rachel E. , Toman Elisa L. , Alvarado Micaela
Published: June 2020

Nearly half of the incarcerated population experience mental health problems. Service use, however, is rare. There may be benefits for individuals who continue treatment upon incarceration (i.e., fewer or less intense pains of imprisonment). Researchers suggest that effects of treatment may differ by gender; distinct barriers to services may exist and accessing treatment may have unique effects on experienced strains. No study to date examines whether continuation of services protects at-risk groups from in-prison strains, and whether these effects are gendered. This article examines the effects of service utilization using a nationally representative sample of inmates. Results indicate that effects of continued service use vary, protecting women against some in-prison strains. Implications for theory, research, and policy are discussed.
In Cold Weather We Bark, But in Hot Weather We Bite: Patterns in Social Media Anger, Aggressive Behavior, and Temperature
Authors: Stevens Heather R. , Graham Petra L. , Beggs Paul J. , Hanigan Ivan C.
Published: June 2020

Hotter weather is associated with aggressive crime. However, it is not well known if similar relationships apply to online aggression. This study uses anger counts derived from Twitter posts (tweets) and assault counts in New South Wales, Australia, to investigate if they share a similar relationship with temperature, and to determine if online anger is a predictor of assault. Results indicated that the relationships were largely inverse—assault counts were higher in summer than winter, while angry tweet counts were lower. As daily maximum temperatures rose, assault counts increased while angry tweet counts decreased. Angry tweet counts were inversely associated with assaults, with an increase in tweets signaling decreasing assaults. There are several plausible explanations for the dissimilarities including the impact of temperature on behavior, socio-demographic differences, and data collection methods. The findings of this study add to the growing literature in social media emotion and its relationship with temperature.
Partial discharge feature extraction based on synchrosqueezed windowed Fourier transform and multi-scale dispersion entropy
Authors: Wenbo Wang , Lin Sun , Bin Wang , Min Yu
Published: June 2020

The recognition of partial discharge mode is an important indicator of the insulation condition in transformers, based on which maintenance can be arranged. Discharge feature extraction is the key to recognize discharge mode. To solve the problem of poor stability and low recognition rate of partial discharge mode, this paper proposes a feature extraction method based on synchrosqueezed windowed Fourier transform and multi-scale dispersion entropy. First, the four partial discharge signals collected under laboratory conditions are decomposed by synchrosqueezed windowed Fourier transform, then a number of band-limited intrinsic mode type functions are obtained, and the original feature quantities of partial discharge signals are obtained by calculating the multi-scale dispersion entropies of each intrinsic mode type function. Based on that, original feature quantity is optimized by using the maximum relevance and minimum redundancy criteria. Finally, the classification is implemented by the support vector machine. Experimental results show that in the case of noise interference, the proposed synchrosqueezed windowed Fourier transform–multi-scale dispersion entropy method can still accurately describe the feature of different discharge signals and has a higher recognition rate than both the empirical mode decomposition–multi-scale dispersion entropy method and the direct multi-scale dispersion entropy method.
Mastery Goals and Intrinsic Motivation in Instrumental Ensembles
Authors: Tucker Olivia
Published: June 2020

How do we motivate students to practice and persist when facing challenges inherent in learning to play an instrument? In this article, I synthesize research findings into strategies to encourage students’ mastery goal orientations and intrinsic motivation. Educators can use these strategies in the classroom or as inspiration to create innovative ways of supporting student motivation in instrumental music.
Equity in Music Education: Making a Place for Everyone
Authors: Alekna Mallory , Kang Soyeon
Published: June 2020

A group of students and faculty at Arizona State University, Tempe, occupied a parking space outside the School of Music for an hour to do an experiment in creative placemaking and music-making. The results of their efforts are shared in this article.
Music Education, Curriculum Design, and Assessment: Imagining a More Equitable Approach
Authors: Mellizo Jennifer
Published: June 2020

Although it is not their intent, conventional curricula may place some students at a disadvantage in school music classrooms. This article offers a practical planning strategy that music educators can use to confront and resist some of these curricular tendencies in subtle yet important ways. By reimagining long-standing norms related to content, pedagogy, and assessment, we can build a system that provides more students with access to a high-quality, equitable, and personally meaningful music education.
Integrating Literacy within the Performance Classroom
Authors: Wagoner Cynthia L.
Published: June 2020

Music teachers may be tasked with documenting ways in which broader literacy skills have been embedded in music teaching. As a result, musical goals might seem to take a secondary role in support of broader language-literacy skills. Enhancing music literacy should be the goal of well-designed integration. The suggestions here provide music teachers with short, targeted integration to more complex, multimodal approaches that connect assignments with music-specific outcomes. Music teachers can add broader literacy goals to their pedagogical repertoire for the large-ensemble classroom.
Beyond trigger warnings: Toward a trauma-informed andragogy for the graduate theological classroom
Authors: Davidson Jennifer W.
Published: June 2020

Although development of trauma-informed pedagogy for elementary and secondary classrooms has developed significantly, a dearth of resources for trauma-informed andragogy in graduate theological classrooms remains. Theological classrooms are a unique context in which many students and professors carry experiences of trauma with them. This article makes the case for the need for a trauma-informed andragogical model for the graduate theological classroom by: discussing the pervasiveness of trauma; providing definitions of key terms that need to be understood for elaborating a trauma-informed andragogy; recommending trauma-informed principles for course design and class-session planning based in safety, trust, choice, collaboration, and empowerment; and identifying a few next steps for cultivating trauma-informed classrooms and institutions at the graduate level.
Inconvenient Experiences among Muslim Travelers: An Analysis of the Multiple Causes
Authors: Al-Ansi Amr , Han Heesup , Kim Seongseop (Sam) , King Brian
Published: June 2020

This study used a mixed methods approach to investigate Muslim traveler experiences of inconvenience while visiting Korea, combining focus groups and semistructured interviews (a qualitative approach), and questionnaire-based surveying (a quantitative approach). The authors investigated the reliability and validity of a customized structural model by merging covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) and partial least squares SEM (PLS-SEM). There were five salient and observable constructs which cause inconvenience for Muslims when visiting Korea. The results showed significant effects on the part of the identified constructs on affective experience, satisfaction, desire, behavior intention, and place attachment. The study findings can guide Korean tourism stakeholders in tackling the issues causing inconvenience for Muslim travelers, as well as informing authorities in other countries and territories.
Multi-model estimation using neural network and fault detection in unknown time continuous fractional order nonlinear systems
Authors: Nassajian Gholamreza , Balochian Saeed
Published: June 2020

In this paper, multi-model estimation and fault detection using neural network is proposed for an unknown time continuous fractional order nonlinear system. Fractional differentiation is considered based on Caputo concept and the fractional order is considered to be between 0 and 1. In order to estimate a time continuous fractional order nonlinear system with unknown term in its dynamic, single-layer and double-layer RBF neural network is used. First, a parallel-series neural network observer is designed for state estimation. Weights of the neural network are updated adaptively and updating laws are presented in fractional order form. Using Lyapunov method, it is proved that state estimation error and weight estimation error of the neural network are bounded. Parameters of the neural estimator converge to ideal parameters which satisfy excitation condition stability. Then, multi-model estimation structure of fractional order nonlinear systems is presented and its application in fault detection is investigated. Finally, simulation results are presented to show efficiency of the proposed method.
Health Care Transition in Type 1 Diabetes: Perspectives of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists Caring for Young Adults
Authors: Goethals Eveline R. , La Banca Rebecca O. , Forbes Peter W. , Telo Gabriela H. , Laffel Lori M. , Garvey Katharine C.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to describe experiences reported by diabetes care and education specialists caring for young adults with type 1 diabetes and to assess perceived deficiencies in clinical resources and barriers to care delivery.

Methods

A 60-item electronic survey was fielded through email to members of the Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists (ADCES). Respondents completed a survey consisting of: (1) clinical practice characteristics and respondents’ demographics; (2) health care transition components (eg, referrals) and their perceived importance; (3) framework of current clinical diabetes care delivery and perceived need for additional support; and (4) perceived barriers regarding clinical care delivery. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression.

Results

Respondents (N = 531, 96% female, median years in practice = 13; interquartile range = 7-20) represented 49 states plus the District of Columbia. Although 88% of respondents reported reviewing pediatric records as important/very important, only 22% often/always reviewed them. Although 58% of respondents noted easy access to mental health care providers for young adults, 50% stated a need for additional resources. Furthermore, diabetes care and education specialists without easy access to mental health professionals were significantly more likely to report barriers to diabetes management for young adults with depression, substance abuse, eating disorders, and developmental disabilities.

Conclusion

Study findings highlight modifiable factors that may improve diabetes care coordination for transitioning young adults. Uniform approaches and increased access to trained mental health professionals may help support diabetes care and education specialists in their care of young adults with type 1 diabetes.
Barriers and Facilitators of National Diabetes Prevention Program Engagement Among Women of Childbearing Age: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Harrison Caroline R. , Phimphasone-Brady Phoutdavone , DiOrio Becky , Raghuanath Silvia G. , Bright Riley , Ritchie Natalie D. , Sauder Katherine A.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to understand barriers and facilitators to engagement in a diabetes prevention program for young women at an urban safety-net health care system.

Methods

Individual semistructured interviews (N = 29) explored motivations, challenges, and successes regarding participation and suggestions for improvement among women aged 18 to 39 years who enrolled in the National Diabetes Prevention Program in the past 2 years. Participants were classified as nonattendees (n = 10), early-withdrawers (n = 9), or completers (n = 10). Interview transcriptions were analyzed using a grounded hermeneutic editing approach.

Results

Qualitative analysis revealed 4 main themes (enrollment, attendance, experience, and suggestions) with multiple subthemes. Most women were motivated to enroll for health and family concerns. Early-withdrawers and nonattendees reported confusion about the program’s aim and relevancy, logistical barriers, and lack of connection with fellow participants/coaches. Highly engaged women noted persistent motivation, perceived weight loss, and supportive program relationships.

Conclusions

Multiple barriers/facilitators for young women appear addressable in future adaptations. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings in other settings and explore implementation and effectiveness of adaptations, with a goal of reducing risks prior to conception.
LGBTQ situated memory, place-making and the sexual politics of gentrification
Authors: Spruce Emma
Published: June 2020

This article draws on material from an ethnographic study in the gentrifying/gentrified London neighbourhood of Brixton to analyse the relationship between practices of LGBTQ territorialisation and the politics of neighbourhood change. It proceeds with two interrelated aims: to think critically about the ways in which LGBTQ claims to place-based belonging interact with racialised and classed ideologies of displacement and disciplining, and to explore memory’s significance in framing the relationship between LGBTQ people and place. ‘LGBTQ situated memory’ is thus introduced here as a concept that draws attention to the complex, contradictory and dynamic role that site-specific evocations of the past play in contemporary LGBTQ urban politics. By exploring three memory tropes that emerge in Brixton, I show that LGBTQ situated memory can be used to claim spatialised belonging, negotiate culpability for gentrification and disturb progress narratives. Ultimately this article both calls for, and works towards, an approach to sexual geography that foregrounds multiplicity: a multiplicity of LGBTQ situated histories and – as is reflected in the memories explored – a multiplicity of relationships between LGBTQ people and neighbourhood development.
DPP-4 inhibition resembles exercise in preventing type 2 diabetes development by inhibiting hepatic protein kinase Cε expression in a mouse model of hyperinsulinemia
Authors: Li Yu-peng , Xiao Jing , Liang Xu , Pei Yu , Han Xiao-fei , Li Chen-xi , Tian Hui
Published: June 2020

Objective

Interventions for hyperinsulinemia (HINS), an early indicator of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), can significantly reduce the T2DM risk. This study aims to determine how dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition prevents HINS progression to T2DM through ameliorating hepatic steatosis.

Methods

KKay mice were used as a HINS model and they underwent exercise or received a DPP-4 inhibitor, MK0626. Hepatic steatosis was examined and liver diacylglycerol levels were determined. Human hepatic cells (LO2) were treated with MK0626 or transfected with DPP-4 siRNA. Protein kinase C ε isoform (PKCε) and DPP-4 expression and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation were assessed using immunohistochemistry and western blot.

Results

KKay mice developed HINS spontaneously at 7 weeks of age. Similar to exercise, MK0626 ameliorated hepatic steatosis and reduced the liver triglyceride and diacylglycerol content. Both exercise and MK0626 suppressed diacylglycerol-induced PKCε expression and restored insulin signaling, which was shown by tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1, in the livers of KKay mice. Additionally, silencing DPP-4 or MK0626 treatment decreased PKCε expression in LO2 cells.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that DPP-4 inhibition resembles exercise and effectively delays T2DM onset by suppressing hepatic PKCε expression in the HINS mouse model.
Comparative study of assisted reproductive outcomes between young patients with occult premature ovarian insufficiency and advanced-age patients
Authors: Yao Ling-nv , Lin Wen-qin , Jiang Nan , Li Chuyan , Cao Hai-feng , Li Hong , Qian Jian-hua
Published: June 2020

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the pregnancy outcomes among young patients with occult premature ovarian insufficiency (OPOI), advanced-age patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), and advanced-age patients with normal ovarian reserve.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 324 women who underwent their first cycles of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection. The women were divided into the following groups: young women with OPOI, advanced-age women with DOR, and advanced-age women with normal ovarian reserve. The outcomes were compared among the different groups:

Results

The rates of live birth and embryo implantation in the young OPOI group were significantly higher than in the advanced-age DOR group, but comparable to those in the advanced-age normal ovarian reserve group. Moreover, the abortion rate was significantly lower in young OPOI patients compared with advanced-age patients with or without DOR.

Conclusion

Higher embryo implantation and live birth rates and a lower abortion rate can be achieved in young patients with OPOI compared with older patients. The better outcomes in advanced-age patients with normal ovarian reserve compared with DOR may be related to egg quantity rather than quality.
Treatment of esophageal cancer with multiple liver metastases: a case experience of sustained complete response
Authors: Wang Jiangfang , Xu Chaoyang
Published: June 2020

Esophageal squamous cell cancer with distant metastases has a poor prognosis. The metastatic sites usually involve the liver, bones, and lungs. Treatment of metastatic disease is essentially palliative and based on chemoradiotherapy. A 57-year-old man with a solitary metastatic mass of 82 × 58 mm in the left liver was treated on 19 October 2012. Irinotecan and cisplatin combination chemotherapy and nimotuzumab targeted therapy were administered. The liver metastatic mass was treated by stereotactic Gamma Knife radiosurgery. Complete remission of the primary disease and hepatic lesion was achieved, and no local or distant recurrence was found during the 7-year follow-up. Because extrahepatic lesions were ruled out and the local disease was completely locoregionally controlled, the use of stereotactic Gamma Knife radiosurgery to remove the hepatic lesion was justified and produced a reasonable outcome.