bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Critical fluctuations in epidemic models explain COVID-19 post-lockdown dynamics
Authors: Aguiar Maíra , Van-Dierdonck Joseba Bidaurrazaga , Mar Javier , Cusimano Nicole , Knopoff Damián , Anam Vizda , Stollenwerk Nico
Published: July 2021

As the COVID-19 pandemic progressed, research on mathematical modeling became imperative and very influential to understand the epidemiological dynamics of disease spreading. The momentary reproduction ratior(t) of an epidemic is used as a public health guiding tool to evaluate the course of the epidemic, with the evolution ofr(t) being the reasoning behind tightening and relaxing control measures over time. Here we investigate critical fluctuations around the epidemiological threshold, resembling new waves, even when the community disease transmission rate$$\beta$$βis not significantly changing. Without loss of generality, we use simple models that can be treated analytically and results are applied to more complex models describing COVID-19 epidemics. Our analysis shows that, rather than the supercritical regime (infectivity larger than a critical value,$$\beta > \beta _c$$β>βc) leading to new exponential growth of infection, the subcritical regime (infectivity smaller than a critical value,$$\beta < \beta _c$$β<βc) with small import is able to explain the dynamic behaviour of COVID-19 spreading after a lockdown lifting, with$$r(t) \approx 1$$r(t)≈1hovering around its threshold value.
Heat transport through propagon-phonon interaction in epitaxial amorphous-crystalline multilayers
Authors: Ishibe Takafumi , Okuhata Ryo , Kaneko Tatsuya , Yoshiya Masato , Nakashima Seisuke , Ishida Akihiro , Nakamura Yoshiaki
Published: July 2021

Managing heat dissipation is a necessity for nanoscale electronic devices with high-density interfaces, but despite considerable effort, it has been difficult to establish the phonon transport physics at the interface due to a “complex” interface layer. In contrast, the amorphous/epitaxial interface is expected to have almost no “complex” interface layer due to the lack of lattice mismatch strain and less associated defects. Here, we experimentally observe the extremely-small interface thermal resistance per unit area at the interface of the amorphous-germanium sulfide/epitaxial-lead telluride superlattice (~0.8 ± 4.0 × 10‒9 m2KW−1). Ab initio lattice dynamics calculations demonstrate that high phonon transmission through this interface can be predicted, like electron transport physics, from large vibron-phonon density-of-states overlapping and phonon group velocity similarity between propagon in amorphous layer and “conventional” phonon in crystal. This indicates that controlling phonon (or vibron) density-of-states and phonon group velocity similarity can be a comprehensive guideline to manage heat conduction in nanoscale systems.
A BERT model generates diagnostically relevant semantic embeddings from pathology synopses with active learning
Authors: Mu Youqing , Tizhoosh Hamid R. , Tayebi Rohollah Moosavi , Ross Catherine , Sur Monalisa , Leber Brian , Campbell Clinton J. V.
Published: July 2021

Background

Pathology synopses consist of semi-structured or unstructured text summarizing visual information by observing human tissue. Experts write and interpret these synopses with high domain-specific knowledge to extract tissue semantics and formulate a diagnosis in the context of ancillary testing and clinical information. The limited number of specialists available to interpret pathology synopses restricts the utility of the inherent information. Deep learning offers a tool for information extraction and automatic feature generation from complex datasets.

Methods

Using an active learning approach, we developed a set of semantic labels for bone marrow aspirate pathology synopses. We then trained a transformer-based deep-learning model to map these synopses to one or more semantic labels, and extracted learned embeddings (i.e., meaningful attributes) from the model’s hidden layer.

Results

Here we demonstrate that with a small amount of training data, a transformer-based natural language model can extract embeddings from pathology synopses that capture diagnostically relevant information. On average, these embeddings can be used to generate semantic labels mapping patients to probable diagnostic groups with a micro-average F1 score of 0.779 Â ± 0.025.

Conclusions

We provide a generalizable deep learning model and approach to unlock the semantic information inherent in pathology synopses toward improved diagnostics, biodiscovery and AI-assisted computational pathology.
Versatile naphthalimide tetrazines for fluorogenic bioorthogonal labelling
Authors: Graziotto Marcus E. , Adair Liam D. , Kaur Amandeep , Vérité Pauline , Ball Sarah R. , Sunde Margaret , Jacquemin Denis , New Elizabeth J.
Published: July 2021

New naphthalimide tetrazine probes permit fluorescent imaging of biomolecules in vitro and in living cells. They can be modified to provide previously unknown information about health and disease in biological systems.
The screening of drug-induced nephrotoxicity using gold nanocluster-based ratiometric fluorescent probes
Authors: Liu Qin , Li Junyao , Liu Xiao , Yuan Lin , Zhao Lingzhi , Chang Young-Tae , Liu Xiaogang , Peng Juanjuan
Published: July 2021

A ratiometric fluorescent probe based on gold nanoclusters and a fluorescent dye was developed for the bioimaging of drug-induced acute kidney injury. The probe can be applied to screen toxic components in herbal medicines.
Single-molecule mechanical study of an autonomous artificial translational molecular motor beyond bridge-burning design
Authors: Hu Xinpeng , Zhao Xiaodan , Loh Iong Ying , Yan Jie , Wang Zhisong
Published: July 2021

A key capability of molecular motors is sustainable force generation by a single motor copy.
Integrating a metal framework with Co-confined carbon nanotubes as trifunctional electrocatalysts to boost electron and mass transfer approaching practical applications
Authors: Zhou Xiao , Leng Xinyan , Ling Cong , Chong Hanbao , Xu An-Wu , Yang Zhengkun
Published: July 2021

Hierarchically porous 3D arrays consisting of cobalt nanoparticles wrapped in nitrogen-doped carbon tubes were fabricated via a facile and unusual all-solid-state migration from a bulk Co foam to carbon layers.
Moiré patterns of twisted bilayer antimonene and their structural and electronic transition
Authors: An Qi , Moutanabbir Oussama , Guo Hong
Published: July 2021

Moiré patterns of twisted bilayer antimonene lead to flat electronic bands at the VBM. The spatial distribution of wave functions shows that the band flattening originates from the real space localization of the corresponding electronic states.
CoS2 needle arrays induced a local pseudo-acidic environment for alkaline hydrogen evolution
Authors: Chen Guozhu , Li HuangJingWei , Zhou Yajiao , Cai Chao , Liu Kang , Hu Junhua , Li Hongmei , Fu Junwei , Liu Min
Published: July 2021

Finite-element simulations and direct detection of local pH changes prove that local C(OH−) can be regulated to form a local pseudo-acidic environment by LEF, which greatly promote H2O dissociation for better alkaline HER performance.
A defect-induced broadband photodetector based on WS2/pyramid Si 2D/3D mixed-dimensional heterojunction with a light confinement effect
Authors: Wu Di , Guo Chenguang , Wang Zhaoyang , Ren Xiaoyan , Tian Yongzhi , Shi Zhifeng , Lin Pei , Tian Yongtao , Chen Yongsheng , Li Xinjian
Published: July 2021

A WS2/pyramid Si 2D/3D mixed-dimensional vdW heterojunction device shows a broadband response spectrum up to 3.0 μm with high performance due to the strong light confinement effect of the pyramid Si and defect-induced narrowed bandgap of the WS2film.
Practical phosphorylation of polymers: an easy access to fully alcohol soluble synthetically and industrially important polymers
Authors: Sagdic Gokhan , Daglar Ozgun , Gunay Ufuk Saim , Cakmakci Emrah , Hizal Gurkan , Tunca Umit , Durmaz Hakan
Published: July 2021

A simple method for the phosphorylation of synthetically and industrially important polymers is introduced to the polymer community.
Structural and morphological studies, and temperature/frequency dependence of electrical conductivity of Ba0.97La0.02Ti1−xNb4x/5O3 perovskite ceramics
Authors: Jebli M. , Rayssi Ch. , Dhahri J. , Ben Henda M. , Belmabrouk Hafedh , Bajahzar Abdullah
Published: July 2021

The frequency- and temperature-dependent conductivity of our polycrystalline perovskite ceramic systems with a composition of Ba0.97La0.02Ti1−xNb4x/5O3 (x = 5, 7 and 10, in mol%) was investigated.
Recent advances in metal-free heteroatom-doped carbon heterogonous catalysts
Authors: Rangraz Yalda , Heravi Majid M.
Published: July 2021

Recent advances in metal-free heteroatom-doped carbon heterogeneous catalysts including the preparation methods and their catalytic applications in various organic reactions have been reported.
Design and fabrication of photoactive imidazole-based poly(ether-imide)s and a polyimide/HBP-modified SiO2 composite: toward high heat-resistance, antimicrobial activity and removal of heavy metal ions
Authors: Khaki Diyari , Namazi Hassan , Amininasab S. Mojtaba
Published: July 2021

Novel thermostable, photoactive, and solvable poly(ether-imide)s containing imidazole-based pendant groups and a BTDA-PIb/HBP@SiO2 composite were synthesized and used due to their antimicrobial activity and as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions.
A strategy for preparing controllable, superhydrophobic, strongly sticky surfaces using SiO2@PVDF raspberry core–shell particles
Authors: Kim Seung-Hyun , Kang Hong Suk , Sohn Eun-Ho , Chang Bong-Jun , Park In Jun , Lee Sang Goo
Published: July 2021

In this study, to control the stickiness of superhydrophobic materials, we propose a new strategy to prepare controllable superhydrophobic structured colloidal coatings with either strong or weak stickiness.
A transferable active-learning strategy for reactive molecular force fields
Authors: Young Tom A. , Johnston-Wood Tristan , Deringer Volker L. , Duarte Fernanda
Published: July 2021

An efficient strategy for training Gaussian Approximation Potential (GAP) models to study chemical reactions using hierarchical and active learning.
Simple cubic self-assembly of PbS quantum dots by finely controlled ligand removal through gel permeation chromatography
Authors: Liu Jianjun , Enomoto Kazushi , Takeda Kotaro , Inoue Daishi , Pu Yong-Jin
Published: July 2021

Gel permeation chromatography can finely control ligand coverage of PbS quantum dots. Self-assembly of these QDs with different ligand density leads to the formation of 2D square, hexagonal and 3D simple cubic and face-centered cubic superlattices.
Chemical insights into electrophilic fluorination of SnO2for photoelectrochemical applications
Authors: Bahuguna Gaurav , Verma Mohit , Gupta Ritu
Published: July 2021

A novel method for fluorination of SnO2is developed that passivates oxygen defects and increases its electrical conductivity drastically, leading to enhanced charge transport in photoelectrochemical applications.
Surface enrichment of iridium on IrCo alloys for boosting hydrogen production
Authors: Dang Ngoc Kim , Umer Muhammad , Thangavel Pandiarajan , Sultan Siraj , Tiwari Jitendra N. , Lee Jong Hoon , Kim Min Gyu , Kim Kwang S.
Published: July 2021

The enrichment of Ir atoms on the outer surface of IrCo alloy favors hydrogen adsorption in terms of the effectively optimized free energy, which boosts the kinetics and HER performance in acidic solution.
Organic materials as photocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Bai Yang , Hippalgaonkar Kedar , Sprick Reiner Sebastian
Published: July 2021

Solar water splitting offers a potential avenue for the production of clean and storable energy in the form of hydrogen. Conjugated polymer photocatalysts offer new opportunities which are discussed in this highlight.
Simultaneous enhancements in the Seebeck coefficient and conductivity of PEDOT:PSS by blending ferroelectric BaTiO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Li Chang'an , Guan Xin , Yue Shizhong , Wang Xizu , Li Jianmin , Cheng Hanlin , Wang Shan , Kyaw Aung Ko Ko , Ouyang Jianyong
Published: July 2021

The addition of BaTiO3 nanoparticles into PEDOT:PSS can simultaneously enhance both the Seebeck coefficient and the conductivity. The enhancements arise from the spontaneous electric polarization and the high dielectric constant of BaTiO3.
Vapor incubation of FASnI3 films for efficient and stable lead-free inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xu Ligang , Zhang Chi , Feng Xiangyun , Lv Wenxuan , Huang ZuQiang , Lv Wenzhen , Zheng Chao , Xing Guichuan , Huang Wei , Chen Runfeng
Published: July 2021

A novel anti-solvent vapor-assisted incubation method was developed to manipulate both the nucleation and crystal growth processes of perovskite for producing high-quality FASnI3 films.
In situ construction of a stable interface induced by the SnS2 ultra-thin layer for dendrite restriction in a solid-state sodium metal battery
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Chen Jingjing , Mao Zhiyong , Wang Dajian
Published: July 2021

Ultra-thin SnS2 was fabricated on the surface of Na3Zr2Si2PO12 electrolyte to in situ construct a stable mix-ion-electron conductor interface layer consists of Na-Sn alloy and Na2S during cycling for Na dendrite restriction.
Carbon dots: synthesis, properties and biomedical applications
Authors: Ge Guili , Li Lin , Wang Dan , Chen Mingjian , Zeng Zhaoyang , Xiong Wei , Wu Xu , Guo Can
Published: July 2021

Latest progress of CDs is systematically summarized from four aspects: preparation methods, modification methods, optical properties, and applications in biomedical fields. Furthermore, we also state briefly the existing problems and future development directions of CDs.
Pitfalls on evaluating pair exchange interactions for modelling molecule-based magnetism
Authors: Fumanal Maria , Jornet-Somoza Joaquim , Vela Sergi , Novoa Juan J. , Ribas-Arino Jordi , Deumal Mercè
Published: July 2021

Human know-how is crucial to cross-examine and challenge computations before trusting any result for modelling magnetic properties in molecule-based materials.
Few-layered two-dimensional molecular crystals for organic artificial visual memories with record-high photoresponse
Authors: Zhang Lijuan , Tian Xinzi , Yao Jiarong , Song Xianneng , Yang Shuyuan , Guo Siyu , Wang Ying , Li Bin , Ren Xiaochen , Sun Yan , Yang Fangxu , Li Rongjin , Hu Wenping
Published: July 2021

Molecularly thin two-dimensional molecular crystals (2DMCs) were used to construct artificial visual memories with high photoresponse.
Temperature stable Sm(Nb1−xVx)O4(0.0 ≤x≤ 0.9) microwave dielectric ceramics with ultra-low dielectric loss for dielectric resonator antenna applications
Authors: Wu Fang-Fang , Zhou Di , Du Chao , Sun Shi-Kuan , Pang Li-Xia , Jin Biao-Bing , Qi Ze-Ming , Varghese Jobin , Li Qiang , Zhang Xiu-Qun
Published: July 2021

A temperature-stable Sm(Nb0.8V0.2)O4(SNV-0.2) microwave dielectric ceramic with ultra-low dielectric loss was fabricated, and an RDRA was designed for 5G mm-wave application for the first time, which is a good candidate for 5G and future millimeter-wave MIMO antenna applications.
Ultrastable, stretchable, highly conductive and transparent hydrogels enabled by salt-percolation for high-performance temperature and strain sensing
Authors: Wu Zixuan , Shi Wenxiong , Ding Haojun , Zhong Bizhang , Huang Wenxi , Zhou Yubin , Gui Xuchun , Xie Xi , Wu Jin
Published: July 2021

Salt-percolated hydrogels show excellent anti-freezing and anti-drying abilities, high conductivity at ultralow temperatures (−78.5 °C), and excellent thermal and strain sensing performance, which can monitor various physiological signals.
The next generation of RNA vaccines: self-amplifying RNA
Authors: Blakney Anna
Published: July 2021

The global COVID-19 pandemic has brought tremendous momentum to the field of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. The advantages of this vaccine platform, such as rapid development and high efficacy, resulted in mRNA vaccines being the first approved vaccines against COVID-19. Looking forward to the development of future vaccines, how can we make RNA vaccines even better? While improvements in the stability of the formulation and cost of the vaccine are inevitable, one of the main challenges is lowering the dose of RNA in order to avoid side effects associated with high doses of RNA. One way to do this is by using self-amplifying RNA (saRNA), a type of mRNA that encodes a replicase that copies the original strand of RNA once it’s in the cell. Here, we discuss the origins of saRNA, how it works in comparison to mRNA, current challenges in the field and the future of saRNA vaccines.
Laser-based bioprinting for multilayer cell patterning in tissue engineering and cancer research
Authors: Yang Haowei , Yang Kai-Hung , Narayan Roger J. , Ma Shaohua
Published: July 2021

3D printing, or additive manufacturing, is a process for patterning functional materials based on the digital 3D model. A bioink that contains cells, growth factors, and biomaterials are utilized for assisting cells to develop into tissues and organs. As a promising technique in regenerative medicine, many kinds of bioprinting platforms have been utilized, including extrusion-based bioprinting, inkjet bioprinting, and laser-based bioprinting. Laser-based bioprinting, a kind of bioprinting technology using the laser as the energy source, has advantages over other methods. Compared with inkjet bioprinting and extrusion-based bioprinting, laser-based bioprinting is nozzle-free, which makes it a valid tool that can adapt to the viscosity of the bioink; the cell viability is also improved because of elimination of nozzle, which could cause cell damage when the bioinks flow through a nozzle. Accurate tuning of the laser source and bioink may provide a higher resolution for reconstruction of tissue that may be transplanted used as an in vitro disease model. Here, we introduce the mechanism of this technology and the essential factors in the process of laser-based bioprinting. Then, the most potential applications are listed, including tissue engineering and cancer models. Finally, we present the challenges and opportunities faced by laser-based bioprinting.
Voltage control and virtual synchronous generator control of HVDC interconnection line for improving stability of power system including large‐scale wind farm
Authors: Nakamura Ayaka , Alsharif Faramarz , Umemura Atsushi , Takahashi Rion , Tamura Junji , Sakahara Atsushi , Tosaka Fumihito , Nakamoto Ryosuke
Published: July 2021

Large‐scale integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) such as wind power can impact on the existing power system's stability. For example, there is a possibility that the wind farm (WF) cannot be maintained stable and then it is disconnected from the grid when the instantaneous voltage sag caused by a grid disturbance occurs. Moreover, the increasing integration of RESs in the power system can reduce the number of conventional synchronous generators (SGs) connected to the grid, and lead to a reduction of system inertia in the grid. The system inertia reduction can cause larger and faster frequency fluctuations during the transient period. Hence, this paper proposes a new control strategy composed of the voltage control for suppressing the voltage sag and the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control based on the proportional‐integral‐differential (PID) fuzzy logic control (FLC) for maintaining the frequency stability which is performed by high voltage direct current (HVDC) interconnection line. The aim of the new control strategy is to improve the stability of the entire power system with large‐scale integration of RESs. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is confirmed through the simulation analyses by PSCAD/EMTDC.
Performance management of agricultural entrepreneurship
Authors: Voronin B.A. , Chupina I.P. , Voronina Ya.V. , Potekhin N.A. , Potekhin V.N.
Published: July 2021

In the field of economics, the concept of “efficiency is traditionally interpreted as the ratio of the volume of products produced and the costs incurred for obtaining these products. This definition of efficiency is similar to the concept of profitability of production, although in practice in agriculture the concept of “efficiency” is a more complex category, since it requires the integration of many factors in order to obtain positive results in production. Agrarian entrepreneurs must effectively and efficiently use land resources as the main means of production. In the same row there are biological resources - agricultural plants, farm animals, poultry and other biological objects. In modern conditions, agricultural entrepreneurship cannot be carried out without new technology, equipment and other means of mechanization and intellectualization of agricultural activities. To obtain the results of effective management, scientific and technological support of entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector will be required. As can be seen from the above factors, the concept of “efficiency” in the agrarian economy includes in its definition a set of relations, the implementation of which is necessary for the functioning of production in market conditions.
Development prospects of the oil crops' market and products of their processing in the Krasnoyarsk Krai
Authors: Pyzhikova N.I. , Bopp V.L. , Sheremetova T.G.
Published: July 2021

Over the past few years, oil crops cultivation has become investment-attractive in our country. This is due to both the increase in demand for products of their processing in domestic and foreign markets and the sustainable development of the processing and food industry. This article reviews approaches to the formation of the technologies introduction system for growing oil crops in Central Siberia (rape, dodder, mustard), industrial production of oils, food additives and feed products from them using biotechnology techniques, with a view to creating a high-tech competitive export-oriented oil sector of the agro-industrial complex in Krasnoyarsk Krai, which creates added value and increases its investment attractiveness.
Analysis of Sudangrass collection cultivars in the Cis-Ural steppe of the Bashkortostan Republic
Authors: Biktimirov R.A. , Nizaieva A.A. , Shakirzyanov A.Kh. , Sharipkulova Z.M.
Published: July 2021

This paper reports on a study of 62 collection cultivars of Sudangrass evaluated by economic traits for 4 years to create new source material for the Sudangrass selection of higher nutritional value adapted to the Cis-Ural steppe. The research revealed some highly productive and early-maturing Sudangrass cultivars for selecting new varieties highly adaptive to local agro-climatic conditions. Early ripening varieties Chishminskaia ranniaia, Yaktash, Demskaia, Smena, Novosibirskaia 84, Lira had 81-85 days of the interphase period from full sprouts to complete seed ripeness. Highly productive Anastasia, Aiusha, Zernogradskaia 576, and Alexandrina varieties had a fresh yield of more than 41.9 t/ha. Demskaia, Anastasia, Alexandrina, Aiusha had good nutritional qualities of fresh yield (with 10.04 – 10.51% protein and 7.80 – 10.01% sugar in dry matter): In 2017, the State Variety Testing of a new Sudangrass cultivar Demskaia started. The middle-early Sudangrass variety Demskaia has an average yield of 47.1 t/ha of green mass, 8.14 t/ha of absolutely dry matter, and 2.59 t/ha of seeds.
To the prevention of infectious diseases in chickens
Authors: Momot Nadezhda , Kolina Yulia , Trebukhov Alexey , Terebova Svetlana , Chekunkova Yulia
Published: July 2021

Newcastle disease affects birds of different breeds and ages (turkeys, quails, guinea fowls, chickens). Given the possibility of spreading the disease by birds of other species, including migratory birds, it makes more sense to immunize chickens during their long-distance migration. The main measure of disease prevention remains its competent specific prevention with the use of live and inactivated vaccines, as the specialists of the Khankai branch of the Khorol Veterinary Station for animal diseases control told the public. The only way to protect against the disease is to vaccinate all types of poultry.
The effect of the “Biological inactivator of toxic gases” on the formation of ammonia and homeostasis indicators in the cold method of calf rearing
Authors: Shcherbakov P.N. , Stepanova K.V. , Shnyakina T.N. , Shcherbakova T.B. , Burkov P.V.
Published: July 2021

Respiratory diseases of young animals cause significant economic damage. One of the factors of their occurrence is ammonia (“volatile alkali”), which is formed from urine and feces in the litter. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of the sanitary and hygienic agent “Biological inactivator of toxic gases” on the formation of ammonia and some indicators of homeostasis in the cold method of calf rearing. In the course of the study, it was found that the use of an inactivator in animal litter allows for a significant increase in the “gas” purity of the air space, reducing the amount of “volatile alkali” in the air inhaled by calves – up to 107.3% by the 60th day of the experiment. At the same time, the respiratory function of the animal body is activated, which is manifested in an increase in the number of red blood cells by 1.5 times and hemoglobin by 1.2 times, hidden acidosis in calves decreases; intensity of the leukocyte reaction decreases by 2.5 times from the initial values, erythrocyte sedimentation rate - by 3.8 times; degree of blood thickening in animals decreases, as evidenced by the positive dynamics of the proteinogram, namely, a decrease in total protein in the blood serum.
The role of acute respiratory infections in the pathogenesis of distal limb infections in cattle
Authors: Alekseev A.D. , Petrova O.G. , Barashkin M.I. , Milstein I.M. , Kolobkova N.M.
Published: July 2021

Acute respiratory diseases of infectious etiology of cattle occupy the second place in the nosological picture after diseases of the digestive system and cause huge economic damage, which in the Russian Federation is estimated at several billion rubles annually. Very often, respiratory pathology in highly productive cows is associated with infections of the distal extremities, primarily with necrobacteriosis, streptococcosis and staphylococcosis, which cause significant economic damage by reducing the productivity of animals. An important pathogenetic factor affecting the development of diseases of the distal extremities in cattle (cattle) are infections of the respiratory tract. According to our long-term observations, all farms in which outbreaks of necrobacteriosis were recorded were unfavorable for respiratory infections of cattle, such as infectious rhinotracheitis (IRT), viral diarrhea (VD), parainfluenza type 3 (PG-3), respiratory syncytial infection (RSI), pasteurellosis, chlamydia, salmonellosis and others.
Characteristics of species composition, biochemical and pathogenic nature of the microbiota of mammary gland and the reproductive tract in dairy cows
Authors: Sokolova O.V. , Bezborodova N.A. , Lysova Y.Y. , Pechura E.V.
Published: July 2021

This research is dedicated to a relevant topic in veterinary medicine, which is connected with studying of specific features in systems that are responsible for productive and reproductive functioning in cattle. The reported study was funded by RFBR and Sverdlovsk region, project number 20-416-660004 «Molecular genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the microbiota in the reproductive system of cattle». Samples of secretory product of the mammary gland and cervical swabs of 81 cows and 5 dairy farms of Sverdlovsk region (Russia) were analyzed. A number of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms (S.aureus, S.lugdunensis, Streptococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Bacillus spp.)and mold fungi (Mucor spp., Penicillum spp., Aspergillus spp.) were isolated as a result of microbiological testing of the biological samples. The microbiota structure of the reproductive tract and the lacteal gland is demonstrated in physiologically normal state and during the inflammatory process. The phenotypic characteristic of isolated microorganisms, as well as evaluation of biochemical parameters and pathogenicity were indicated.
Study of the efficiency of creeping clover pollination (Trifolium repens L.) by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)
Authors: Zolotarev V.N.
Published: July 2021

The creeping clover (Trifolium repens L.) is a natural allotetraploid allogamous species and is characterized by an entomophilic xenogamous pollination method. One of the reasons for the low yield of clover seeds is the insufficient provision of its flowering grass stands with pollinating insects. The main pollinators are representatives of the order of hymenoptera insects (Himenoptera) from the family of true bees (Apidae) – the honey bee Apis mellifera L. and various species of bumblebees (Bombus). Studies have shown that in the conditions of the Central Non-Chernozem region of Russia, the role of bumblebees in the pollination of creeping clover did not exceed 12-13%. In the presence of bumblebees in different growing seasons in the amount of 30-80 to 110-170 indivi-duals/ha during the mass flowering of creeping clover, they -ensured the formation of seed yields of no more than 90 kg/ha. It is established that honey bees perform up to 87-88% of clover pollination. The highest collections of creeping clover seeds are formed at the flight density of bees of 18-21 thousand individuals per hectare. This makes it possible to form a biological clover yield over 720 kg/ha. To ensure such a rich flight of bees, it is necessary to have at least 2-3 strong bee colonies on clover crops.
Development of technology elements of original potato seed production based on microclonal reproduction
Authors: Karpukhin M.Yu. , Artemyeva T.A. , Belogurova A.V. , Krupsky I.N. , Yushkin E.M.
Published: July 2021

The article describes the research results on the technology elements improvement of original potato seed production, which were carried out on the basis of the modern enterprise LLC SSK “Uralskiy Kartofel’” in a greenhouse complex for the cultivation of mini tubers. The influence of initial material’s types of potatoes on the growth, development and yield of mini tubers in sheltered ground was studied as research objects. Experimental options’ planting was carried out in the second rotation - July 30, 2020 according to the standard generally accepted technology. As a result of the studies, it was found that the best indicator was in the options where the source material was micro plants planted at the end of the phase of growth declining and the use of micro tubers providing a high yield of the standard fraction.
Growing fish and plants using aquaponic, hydroponic and mixed technologies
Authors: Kovrigin Aleksandr , Pokhodnya Grigorii , Breslavets Yuriy , Breslavets Alexander , Zhabinskaya Valerya
Published: July 2021

Aquapon technology has a positive effect on the growth of live weight of Clary catfish per 1m3 of the water environment in comparison with ultrasound. As a result, this indicator in the aquapon installation was higher by 456 grams or 1.1% for 45 days ompared to the USV. Profitability cleavage catfish in aquaponic operation installation was 22.8%, which is 1.4% higher than the same indicator of RAS. The combined aquaponic-hydroponic mode of operation of the unit allowed to obtain 8.282 kg of vegetative mass of lettuce plants from 1 m2 of the installation area for 45 days, which is 2.761 kg more than in the traditional aquaponic mode and 0.903 kg more than in the hydroponic mode.
Reproductive functions of sows under the influence of vitamin-mineral supplement in the diet
Authors: Ovchinnikov A.A. , Ovchinnikova L. Yu. , Matrosova Yu. V.
Published: July 2021

usage of feed additive with 35 mg/head per day folic acid and trace elements complex in a dose of 10-50 mg/100 kg of live weight, Hexavit multivitamin 196 mg/head per day and similar trace elements, as well as all studied supplements in the diets of three groups of enceinte sows showed that dietary supplements activate anabolic processes in the body aimed at fetuses development and the deposition of reserve nutrients in the mother’s body. As a result, sows receiving the studied supplements gave more piglets by 18.6%, more good piglets to weaning - by 4.3%, in the cost structure the total costs decreased by 9.7 -18.5%. The complex use of all biologically active additives was not effective during the entire physiological period of pregnancy. With this, the following application scheme proved to be the most acceptable for metabolic processes’ stimulation in body: joint in the first 84 days of pregnancy and in the last 30 days - only folic acid with trace elements.
Influence of long-term intravenous drug use on physiological indicators and morphological changes of internal organs in piglets
Authors: Barashkin M.I. , Milshtein I.М. , Sibiryakov М.М. , Barkova А.S. , Eroshenko E.S.
Published: July 2021

The article considers the state of physiological indicators and morphological changes of internal organs during the application of long-term non-inhalation narcosis in pigs of two groups while providing artificial lung ventilation.
Influence of subalin probiotic on Blue Frost fox intestinal lymphoid tissue formation
Authors: Syutkina A.S. , Domskiy I.A , Okulova I.I.
Published: July 2021

For research, Blue Frost fox puppies were used at the age of 2 months. 2 groups of animals of 30 heads in each group were formed by the analog method. The experimental animal group received subalin courses with the basic diet according to the scheme: 5 days of probiotic in the amount of 10 - 20 * 107 CFU/kg, for two months in courses with 10 days break, only 4 courses.
Evaluation of bioregulators use under various keeping conditions of barren cows
Authors: Aminova Albina , Sabitov Munir , Farkhutdinova Albina , Yumaguzin Idris , Sedykh Tatiana
Published: July 2021

The experiments were carried out in herds with repeatedly barren animals after insemination to study the reproductive ability of cows under different keeping conditions. As a result, the efficiency of insemination of double-barren cows was higher in synchronised heat with gonadotropin and prostaglandin. It ranged from 48 to 70%, while the effect of exposure to drugs was higher in all cows with loose housing. After synchronisation of heat in cows with loose housing, with the introduction of surfagon before insemination, the fertilisation rate was 70%, ovulin - 63.3%, with control 46.6%, with tethered housing - 60; 63.3 and 33.3%, respectively. However, all groups must identify cows in the heat for at least 72 hours. Otherwise, it is predicted that the measures' effectiveness will decrease by 30% or more.
White lupine as a way to improve the biochemical and economic indicators of diets of non-great apes
Authors: Gaponov N.V. , Nersesyan J.L. , Neverova O.P.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the current problem of providing rations with a source of protein with a high biological value. Such a source is suggested to be white lupine and products of its processing. Since, white lupine exceeds the protein content of peas, vetch and other legumes by more than 10%. And the significant content of fat in its composition allows, when using it, to reduce or completely abandon the use of sunflower oil in the diet. The use of white lupine allowed the experimental primates to use the food efficiently. The lowest costs were observed in the 3-test group. Energy costs were lower by 48.80%, crude protein by 47.22% and digestible protein by 51.3%. In the 2-experimental group, the costs of metabolic energy, crude protein and digestible protein were lower by 25.00%, 26.38% and 39.20, respectively. Thus, the inclusion of white lupine in the structure of the diet helps to improve the nutritional value of rations, to reduce the cost of nutrients and feed, improving the economic indicators of the maintenance of primates.
The influence of phytobiotic based on essential oils of Salvia sclarea, Mentha canadensis, Mentha piperita and Coriandrum sativum on pathogenic microorganisms of lactating cow udder
Authors: Krivonogova Anna , Isaeva Albina , Chentsova Anastasia , Musikhina Nina , Petropavlovsky Maxim
Published: July 2021

The antibacterial activity of a phytobiotic based on the essential oil complex Salvia sclarea, Mentha canadensis, Mentha piperita and Coriandrum sativum for external use in inflammatory processes of the cow udder was studied. The microflora composition and microbial associations of pathogens were studied before and after the treatment of the nipples with the preparation. It was found that after the phytobiotic application, the frequency of detection on the mucous membranes of Str. uberis, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, S. aureus, E. coli, Salmonella spp decreased. The number of associations of pathogenic strains decreased, and the severity of the inflammatory process decreased.
The formation of microbiots in the body of primates and the provision of their diets with a balanced ratio of macro- and micronutrients
Authors: Gaponov N.V. , Loretts O.G.
Published: July 2021

This article presents studies of the formation of symbiotic primitive microbionts and the balancing of macro- and micronutrients of their feeds. To date, more than 20 thousand diverse physiologically active macro- and micronutrients have been isolated and characterized from feed and food products. For a long time, it was believed that the only source of a large number of nutrients is only feed and food. However, experiments convincingly showed that the symbiotic intestinal microflora also takes an active part in the endogenous synthesis and recycling of many macro- and micronutrients. At the same time, the use of the probiotic complex Bactistatin and fish meal did not adversely affect the hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood of experimental monkeys, all indicators were within the physiological norm. And testing the experiment on a larger population, under conditions of enclosure, allowed to establish a reduction in the cost of feed and nutrients in experimental primates and to prove the economic feasibility of using the studied ingredients from the point of view of profitability of feed production and primate content.
Management of the water regime of soil to increase the vegetable crops yield with different irrigation methods in the south of Russia
Authors: Khodiakov Evgeny , Akhmedov Askar , Borovoy Evgeny , Milovanov Sergey , Bondarenko Kirill
Published: July 2021

Long-term researches on the cultivation of vegetable crops with different methods of irrigation in the Volgograd region have shown that their yield was primarily closely related to the improvement of the water regime of the soil. Its efficiency using drip irrigation increased with the introduction of mineral fertilizers, and using subsurface irrigation - with an improvement of the location of the irrigation network. The highest yield of beet with drip irrigation (82.4 t / ha) was obtained with an increase of the Soil Pre-Irrigation Moisture (SPIM) to 85% of Full Moisture Capacity (FMC) and fertilization doses - to N235P140K130 kg/ha. The highest yield of courgettes with drip irrigation of 83.7 t / ha was obtained while maintaining the similar irrigation regime and the quantity of fertilizers N240P99K110 kg/ha.The maximum cabbage yield in our experience with drip irrigation of 83.1 t / ha was achieved using the option that combines the maintenance of the irrigation regime 80-90-80 %FMC with the application of fertilizers at doses of N110P50K140 kg / ha. The highest yield of radish with subsurface irrigation of 79.8 t / ha was obtained while maintaining SPIM 85 % FMC in the field with the location of subsurface humidifiers at a distance of 1.2 m from each other.
Сomparative analysis of disperse characteristics of single-type flat spray cone nozzles
Authors: Aristov E.G. , Krakhovetsky N.N. , Selivanov V.G. , Mishurov N.P.
Published: July 2021

Research and development work related to the study and use of water spray must certainly be based on the most accurate determination of the dispersion composition of spray droplets. It is just this parameter that forms the basis for all further calculations of the effect of water spray on the process cycle components. The introduction of the method for restoring the original sizes of spray droplets and the most accurate measurement of their disperse characteristics will allow coming close to solving the problem of optimizing the operation of spray technology, as well as will make it possible to predict and possibly regulate the dispersed characteristics of droplet flows. Therefore, it is the foundation for the development of breakthrough and environmentally sustainable resource-saving technologies in the agricultural sector. We have developed a method for restoring the original size of the droplet spectrum (Patent No. 2709402 titled “A method for determining the size of droplets”). Based on this method, a test bench was developed and manufactured to assess the quality of spraying of working fluids. An aerosol chamber design was developed and the chamber was assembled, in which an aerosol sample was taken under conditions of equal probability of deposition and preservation of droplets of all sizes. Software for high-speed measurement of the dispersion characteristics of the spectrum of spray droplets has been developed. In general, the studies performed have demonstrated the appropriate professional capabilities of the experimental facilities when testing sprayers. This gives us an opportunity to come up with a proposal to create centers for testing sprayers for their compliance with the declared performances based on the experimental facilities.
Optimization of the composition of the harvesting and transport complex
Authors: Iovlev G.A. , Goldina I.I. , Sadov A.A. , Popova T.B.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the article is to obtain additional knowledge, identify patterns of optimization of the harvesting and transport complex and use this knowledge and patterns in further practical activities. The study used methods of classical mathematics, observation, comparison, measurement, and experiment. As a result, the mathematical expectation of “time to fill the hopper” was calculated and justified, the grain yield was calculated and determined by the time of filling the hopper, the number of vehicles was justified by yield and distance to the warehouse from the field. According to the time of loading of the vehicle, coefficients were developed and determined that determine the efficiency of transport work during the transportation of harvest. The obtained research results have theoretical and practical significance for application in agricultural organizations of the Russian Federation, which is implemented in the methodological recommendations for optimization of the composition of harvesting and transport complexes.
Prospects for digitalization of agricultural industries (using the example of an infrastructure block)
Authors: Leshchenko E.A. , Basarygina E.M. , Cherepukhina S.V. , Leshchenko G.P.
Published: July 2021

For the infrastructure block of the agro-industrial complex, a program has been developed that allows determining the rational air pressure in the tires of multi-axle wheeled vehicles. The developed software contributes to the transfer of the information block of the agro-industrial complex to a digital basis. Its use allows you to reduce fuel consumption, increase the economic efficiency and environmental friendliness of transportation. The use of software in the educational process makes it possible to form professional competencies of agribusiness specialists in accordance with Federal state educational standards and educational standards.
Development of agriculture based on geographic information technologies
Authors: Mustashkina Daniya , Khannanov Marat , Kalimullin Marat , Karpova Natalia
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the need to use digital technologies that can be used in agriculture not only for financial management and tracking of economic operations, but farmers began to use them to monitor sowings, in agricultural production. One of the most promising directions of improving the management efficiency of agricultural production is associated with the use of geographic information technologies based on information systems, especially in risky agriculture. A large number of vehicles, a large number of personnel employed in agriculture determine the need to develop new management methods in agricultural production. GIS technology allows economic sector employees to conduct a comparative analysis of planned and actual data automatically calculated by the formation of working hours, reports and certificates.
Tobacco Use Is Associated with More Severe Adverse Outcomes Than Morbid Obesity after Aseptic Revision TKA
Authors: Hagerty Michael P. , Walker-Santiago Rafael , Tegethoff Jason D. , Stronach Benjamin M. , Keeney James A.
Published: July 2021

The association of morbid obesity with increased revision total knee arthroplasty (rTKA) complications is potentially confounded by concurrent risk factors. This study was performed to evaluate whether morbid obesity was more strongly associated with adverse aseptic rTKA outcomes than diabetes or tobacco use history—when present as a solitary major risk factor. Demographic characteristics, surgical indications, and adverse outcomes (reoperation, revision, infection, and amputation) were compared between 270 index aseptic rTKA performed for patients with morbid obesity (n = 73), diabetes (n = 72), or tobacco use (n = 125) and 239 “healthy” controls without these risk factors at a mean 75.7 (range: 24–111) months. There was no difference in 2-year reoperation rate (17.8 vs. 17.6%, p = 1.0) or component revision rate (8.2 vs. 8.4%) between morbidly obese and healthy patients. However, higher reoperation rates were noted in patients with diabetes (p = 0.02) and tobacco use history (p < 0.01), including higher infection (p < 0.05) and above knee amputation (p < 0.01) rates in patients with tobacco use history. Multivariate analysis retained an independent association between smoking history and amputation risk (odds ratio: 7.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.7–55.2, p < 0.01). Morbid obesity was not associated with an increased risk of reoperation or component revision compared with healthy patients undergoing aseptic revision. Tobacco use was associated with increased reoperation and above knee amputation. Additional study will be beneficial to determine whether risk reduction efforts are effective in mitigating postoperative complication risks.