bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnosing Choroidal Neovascularization in Asymptomatic Individuals Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Park Michael M. , Rebhun Carl B. , Cole Emily D. , Louzada Ricardo N. , Novais Eduardo A. , Rifai Fareed , Yasin Alibhai A. , Duker Jay S. , Waheed Nadia K.
Published: July 2017

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive, rapid imaging technique that generates angiographic images without intravenous dye injections. Cross-sectional studies have described the presence of asymptomatic choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in patients with intermediate age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This case report describes the OCT features on longitudinal follow-up of a patient who started with unilateral asymptomatic CNV and eventually developed symptomatic exudative AMD.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:596–598.

]
Spontaneous Globe Rupture Due to Rapidly Evolving Endogenous Hypermucoid
Klebsiella Pneumoniae
Endophthalmitis
Authors: Wood Edward H. , Powers Matthew A. , Moshfeghi Darius M.
Published: July 2017

In this retrospective report, the authors describe a rare case of spontaneous globe rupture from
Klebsiella pneumoniae
endophthalmitis in a middle-aged man with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus. There have been only four previously reported cases of spontaneous globe rupture from endophthalmitis. Out of the now five reported cases, all have been due to endogenous endophthalmitis, four have been due to gram-negative bacteria, and three have been due to
K. pneumoniae. K. pneumoniae
, especially the hypermucoid variant with a protective polysaccharide capsule, is an emerging pathogen with remarkable virulence.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:600–601.

]
Secure and Trusted Open CPS Platforms
Authors: Kornaros George , Wozniak Ernest , Horst Oliver , Koch Nora , Prehofer Christian , Rigo Alvise , Coppola Marcello
Published: July 2017

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are devices with sensors and actuators which link the physical with the virtual world. There is a strong trend towards open systems, which can be extended during operation by instantly adding functionalities on demand. We discuss this trend in the context of automotive, medical and industrial automation systems. The goal of this chapter is to elaborate the research challenges of ensuring security in these new platforms for such open systems. A main problem is that such CPS apps shall be able to access and modify safety critical device internals. Cyber-physical attacks can affect the integrity, availability and confidentiality in CPS. Examples range from deception based attacks such as false-data-injection, sensor and actuator attacks, replay attacks, and also denial-of-service attacks. Hence, new methods are required to develop an end-to-end solution for development and deployment of trusted apps. This chapter presents the architecture approach and its key components, and methods for open CPS apps, including tool chain and development support.
Post-Cracking FRCM Strengthening of an Arch Composed by Hollow Clay Elements Embedded in Mortar: Experimental Investigations and Numerical Analyses
Authors: Tiberti Simone , Scuro Carmelo , Codispoti Rosamaria , Olivito Renato S. , Milani Gabriele
Published: July 2017

The use of hollow clay elements (fictile tubules, amphorae and caroselli) for erecting arches, vaults and domes was a building technique very popular in the Mediterranean area from the Roman Empire on. It was devised to ensure lightness and thermal insulation of structural elements. This paper presents experimental investigations and some preliminary numerical analyses regarding an arch consisting of caroselli embedded in mortar. A full-scale laboratory model was constructed and subject to vertical loads. After the development of hinges, the arch was repaired and strengthened with FRCM strips and further loads were applied to investigate the post-strengthening mechanical behavior. Also, numerical models of caroselli and mortar are created in Abaqus. Then, an elementary cell comprised of caroselli and mortar is created. The mechanical properties of the cell are evaluated by studying its behavior under uniaxial tensile and compressive loads. These properties set the basis for a possible homogenized material which can be used for numerical analyses of the arch.
An Experimental Analysis of the Mechanical Behaviour of Anchored CFRP-to-Masonry Reinforcements Loaded by Out-of-Plane Actions
Authors: Fagone Mario , Ranocchiai Giovanna
Published: July 2017

Carbon Fibers Reinforced Composite (CFRP) materials are widely used for structural rehabilitation and retrofitting of both masonry and concrete structures. Recent studies published in the literature are devoted to the analysis of novel methods to increase CFRP-to-substrate bond capacity. Among these, spike anchors demonstrated to be able to effectively increase both strength and ductility of CFRP reinforcement sheets. Since most of the literature in this field refers to CFRP-to-masonry reinforcements loaded by in plane actions, the experimental research described in this paper is devoted to the analysis of the effectiveness of spike anchors in CFRP reinforcements bonded to masonry structural elements loaded by out-of-plane actions.
In Situ-Tests and Advanced Numerical Modelling for Masonry Arches Retrofitted with Steel Reinforced Grout
Authors: Bertolesi Elisa , Carozzi Francesca Giulia , Milani Gabriele , Poggi Carlo
Published: July 2017

The paper presents the results of a series of In Situ tests carried out on two masonry arches, one unreinforced and the other reinforced with SRG (Steel Reinforced Grout). An advanced numerical modelling based on a heterogeneous discretization is also reported. The arches have a span equal to 3.30 m and height 0.83 m, and are built with common Italian bricks with dimensions 250x120x55 mm3 and 10 mm thick mortar joints. The arches are built regularly spacing out two bricks laid edge on (thickness of the arch 12 cm) with two bricks (one over the other) disposed in single leaf. One of the two arches is tested unreinforced, whereas the second is reinforced with an SRG constituted by an inox grid embedded into a layer of lime mortar. For all samples, an eccentric vertical load placed at 1⁄4 of the span is increased up to failure. An advanced numerical technique is adopted to reproduce experimental results, namely a heterogeneous micro-modelling where bricks, mortar and strengthening are meshed separately. The numerical outcomes are comparatively assessed with respect to the experimental global behavior and crack patterns obtained at the end of the tests.
Experimental Behavior of Masonry Vaults Strengthened with Thin Extradoxal or Intradoxal Layer of Fiber Reinforced Lime Mortar
Authors: Gattesco Natalino , Boem Ingrid , Gubana Alessandra , Menegon Davide , Bello Norman , Dudine Allen
Published: July 2017

The results of a first experimental research program on masonry vaults strengthened by means of GFRP meshes embedded in a thin layer of lime mortar, are herein presented. The tests were designed to reproduce the pattern of a transversal horizontal load proportional to the vault self-weight. The typical simplified loading patterns generally used for the experimental tests concern concentrated vertical loads at the crown section or at 1/4 of the span, but some numerical investigations evidenced that these configurations are not able to reproduce the actual behavior and the effectiveness of the reinforcement. So a specific rig was designed to apply the horizontal load pattern.Solid brick masonry barrel vaults were considered (thickness 120 mm, arch span 4000 mm, arch rise/radius = 0.75). Three quasi-static cyclic tests were performed: the first concerned an unreinforced vault, the second a vault reinforced at the extrados through the application of a mortar coating reinforced with a GFRP mesh and the third reinforced at the intrados surface with the same technique. The experimental results demonstrated the technique effectiveness and the important increment of ductility of the vaults.
Bond of Steel Bars to Masonry Mortar Joints: Test Results and Analytical Modelling
Authors: Maragna Matteo , Gentilini Cristina , Castellazzi Giovanni , Carloni Christian
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the preliminary results of a series of pull-out tests conducted on mortar cylinders with embedded bars are presented. The bars are made of high strength stainless steel and are of helical shape to increase mechanical interlocking with the surrounding mortar. Usually, such bars are employed in situ to realize structural repointing in the case of fair-faced masonry walls. To this aim, they are inserted in the mortar bed joints of masonry for providing tensile strength to the walls and with the function of crack stitching. The aim of the present experimental tests is to determine the bond-slip relationship for bars embedded in masonry. Firstly, pull-out tests are conducted on mortar cylinders considering different embedded lengths of the bars. Further tests are on-going on masonry specimens with bars embedded in the mortar joints. An analytical investigation is also carried out for the interpretation of the pull-out test results.
Consolidation Methods of Romanian Historical Building with Composite Materials
Authors: Mosoarca Marius , Apostol Iasmina , Keller Alexandra , Formisano Antonio
Published: July 2017

Timisoara is a growing city in the western part of Romania, in a seismic area, with a lot of masonry buildings with historical and cultural value, with interesting structural elements such as vaults, arches, slabs, walls, that were affected by earthquakes, subsidence of foundations, negative human actions or lack of interventions. Masonry historical structures in Banat seismic area present particular failure mechanisms, so there is a need for new, modern, fast, easy-to-apply and reversible consolidation methods. With this type of methods is possible to assure the local and global resistance, ductility, stability and rigidity for historical buildings. This article shows the consolidation methods that were applied on the buildings Sf. Gheorghe 3 and 4, in the historical centre of Timisoara, on masonry structures with historical value. The solutions that were applied are using new, innovative fibre-reinforced composite materials, in order to repair the existing damages and prevent further ones. The consolidation solutions with these new composite materials reduce the buildings vulnerability and present the advantage of being fast and easy to be executed.
Structural Health Monitoring of a Historical Masonry Bell Tower Using Operational Modal Analysis
Authors: Bassoli Elisa , Forghieri Marianna , Vincenzi Loris , Bovo Marco , Mazzotti Claudio
Published: July 2017

This paper addresses the modal and structural identification of the historical masonry bell tower of Ficarolo, in Italy. After the seismic sequence of May 2012, the tower reported a serious damage pattern. Retrofitting interventions were designed and they mainly consisted in the rebuilding of cracked zones and the strengthening of masonry walls with carbon bars embedded in the masonry with epoxy resin. Afterwards, a continuous dynamic monitoring system has been installed on the tower. From the recorded structural response under ambient excitation, the dynamic characteristics of the tower are identified using Operational Modal Analysis techniques. Results of the first months of continuous monitoring are presented in this paper. Moreover, in order to analyse the evolution of the structural behaviour, the effect of changing temperature on the identified natural frequencies is investigated. The experimental modal parameters are also used to identify the elastic modulus of the reinforced masonry through the calibration of a Finite Element (FE) model of the tower. In addition, the influence of the soil-foundation system on the structural behaviour is evaluated. The calibration procedure is performed adopting an improved surrogate-assisted evolutionary strategy. The calibrated FE model can be adopted to simulate the structural response to far-field earthquakes. Moreover, the monitoring system can give valuable information on the structural behaviour and the structural health in the case of seismic events.
Grouts with Improved Durability for Masonry Consolidation: An Experimental Study with Non-Standard Specimens
Authors: Baltazar Luis G. , Henriques Fernando M.A. , Cidade Maria Teresa
Published: July 2017

Multi-leaf stone masonry walls are among the most vulnerable elements of historic constructions. Grout injection is a common and efficient technique to consolidate such masonries. It consists of introducing a grout into the masonry inner core in order to upgrading the cohesion of the wall by ensuring the transversal bond between the external leaves and improving its monolithic behaviour. Notwithstanding, the recrystallization of salts due to changes in moisture content causes several damages in these masonries, even after the consolidation intervention. This paper aims to assess the potential use of linseed oil in natural hydraulic lime-based grouts to mitigate the water penetration and therefore the damages from salts crystallization. Linseed oil was used in former times as an additive for mortars in order to grant hydrophobicity. In this study several properties of the grouts were evaluated: rheology, mechanical strength, water absorption, adhesion and durability assessed by testing the resistance to sodium chloride. Moreover, this paper also analyses the correlation between non-standard specimens (with reduced size) and standard specimens (40x40x160 mm3). The experimental results revealed that the grouts durability and water transport are significantly improved with added linseed oil. It was also possible to observe a small reduction in mechanical resistance with the presence of linseed oil; however, acceptable strength values to promote an appropriate consolidation were ensured. Furthermore, the reduced size specimens revealed to be a viable alternative to the standard ones.
Gothic Barrel Vaults under Differential Settlement: The Effects of Boundary Conditions and FRP on Structural Behaviour
Authors: Hudson Jamie , Theodossopoulos Dimitris
Published: July 2017

Vaults are fundamentally strong structures, however, they are particularly susceptible to forced deformation. The 15th century Gothic quire at Bothwell Parish Church is an example of the type of imposed deformations a barrel vault might experience. The vault and its supporting walls exhibit extensive deformation due to ground movement. Failure patterns give insight into the stress distribution and redundancies of a structural system. This information can be used to help diagnose specific problems in structures or predict locations where intervention techniques will be necessary. By isolating a barrel vault’s response to a particular type of deformation, the resulting failure pattern can be defined. This study was undertaken to further the current understanding of the effects of differential settlement on the structural response of a pointed barrel vault. This research explores the pathology and collapse modes of pointed barrel vaults under asymmetric linear vertical displacement through experimental investigation, and assesses the suitability of fibre reinforced polymers (FRP) as a strengthening method for improving the stability of a pointed barrel vault like that at Bothwell.
A New Numerical Approach to the Structural Analysis of Masonry Vaults
Authors: Ferretti Daniele , Coïsson Eva , Rozzi Marco
Published: July 2017

The present paper concentrates on the numerical modelling of masonry vaults, adopting a type of analysis first developed at the University of Parma for applied mechanics, based on the use of non-smooth dynamics software, through a Differential Variational Inequalities (DVI) formulation specifically developed for the 3D discrete elements method. It allows to follow large displacements and the opening and closure of cracks in dynamic field, typical of the masonry vaulted structures. Once the modelling instrument was calibrated, thanks to the comparison with the recurrent damage mechanisms previously analysed, it was also applied to foresee the behavior of the same structure with different actions and with different types of strengthening. The development of damage mechanisms, both in quasi-static cases (for insufficient lateral confinement or for possible soil settlements) and in the occurrence of seismic events, make this type of structures very difficult to be modelled precisely with other methods. Given the three-dimensional CAD model of a vault modeled with a great number of masonry units with specific positions and pattern, the method proved to be able to reproduce the behavior of the structure under both static and seismic loads, showing the mechanism of collapse, the network of contact forces, the displacements and other useful data. The aim is to inspect the possible influences in the structural behavior given by the discrete geometry and the changes in the mechanisms development given by different strengthening interventions. Once the modeling instrument will be calibrated, also through the comparison with real cases and with the results obtained through limit analysis, it will be possible to adopt it as a base also for the prevision of the future behavior of the vaults subjected to strengthening, avoiding uncalibrated and uncritical applications of materials based more on trends rather than on a thorough analysis for the specific case.
Ageing and Fatigue Combined Effects on GFRP Grids
Authors: Calabrese Lara , Micelli Francesco , Corradi Marco , Aiello Maria Antonietta , Borri Antonio
Published: July 2017

Many areas of Europe, especially Italy, Greece, Slovenia and other Balkan States, are generally associated with earthquakes. In the last two decades Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRP) have gained an increasing interest, mostly for upgrading, retrofitting and repair of masonry and timber structures belonging to the architectural heritage. Recent researches demonstrated that masonry constructions or single structural elements are likely to be effectively repaired or enhanced in their mechanical properties using FRPs. The objective of the research presented in this paper is to study the long-term behavior of composite grids, made of E-CR glass fibers and epoxy-vinylester resin, subjected to harsh environmental factors including fatigue loading and ageing in aqueous solution. The paper presents new original test results on the relationship between the durability and the governing material properties of GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymers) grids in terms of tensile strength and axial strains, using specimens cut off from GFRP grids before and after ageing in aqueous solution. The tensile strength of a GFRP grid was measured after conditioning in alkaline bath made by deionized water and Ca(OH)2, 0.16% in weight, solution. The reduction in terms of tensile strength and Young’s modulus of elasticity compared to unconditioned specimens is illustrated and discussed. This degradation indicated that extended service in alkaline environment under fatigue loads may produce reductions in the GFRP mechanical properties which should be considered in design, where cyclic loads and aggressive conditions are prevented in service life.
Effect of High Temperatures on the TRM-to-Masonry Bond
Authors: Maroudas Spyros R. , Papanicolaou Catherine Corina G.
Published: July 2017

This work is devoted to the experimental assessment of the Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM)-to-masonry residual bond characteristics as a function of temperature. For this purpose, shear bond tests on single-lap/single-prism specimens were conducted after their exposure at different temperature levels, namely at 100°C, 200°C and 300°C. Specimens consisted of a strip of cementitious mortar reinforced with an uncoated alkali-resistant (AR) glass fiber textile unilaterally bonded on a fired clay brick masonry wallette (prism). For each heating event, a sharp temperature rise rate was opted for the achievement of the target temperature at which the specimens remained for one hour. Reference specimens were also tested at ambient conditions (20°C). Tests were carried out by varying both bond lengths and exposing temperatures. Two specimens were tested for each combination of bond length and exposing temperature. Material characterization tests were also carried out at each temperature level including ambient. The experimental results provide valuable insight on the degradation of the TRM-to-masonry bond capacity following a heating event and on the related failure modes.
Experimental Analysis on Bond Behavior of GFRCM Applied on Clay Brick Masonry
Authors: Leone Marianovella , Rizzo Valeria , Micelli Francesco , Aiello Maria Antonietta
Published: July 2017

External bonded reinforcements (EBR), made by fibrous meshes embedded in a cementitious/hydraulic lime mortar, are getting a great deal of attention, mostly for strengthening, retrofitting and repair existing structures. In this context, the interest versus the FRCM (Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix) is growing. The mechanical performance of these mortar-based reinforcements is not well known at the date and it needs to be investigated in terms of bond and tensile strength, strain and stiffness, in relation to the type of both substrate and fibers. The present work reports the results of an experimental study, still in progress, on different pre-cured GFRP grids embedded in inorganic matrices and applied on clay brick masonry. First, the mechanical properties of both pre-cured GFRP grid and GFRCM reinforcements were obtained through tensile tests. Then, the experimental investigation on bond behavior was carried out by direct shear bond test. The test results were collected and processed to evaluate bond strength, failure mode, load-slip relationship.
Seismic Design of Pultruded FRP Structures as Ancillary and/or Independent Solution
Authors: Boscato Giosuè , Costantini Giorgio , Scafuri Vincenzo
Published: July 2017

The civil engineering fields of FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymers) pultruded profiles are the structural rehabilitation of the existing constructions and the new buildings. In the first case the FRP intervention is ancillary to masonry construction as beams and trusses for roofs and floors; while, in the second case, the all-FRP structures are for over elevation frame, emergency and specific structures in complex conditions. The non-linear responses of masonry structures with truss beams made of pultruded FRP profiles and traditional materials have been compared through finite element models subjected to the seismic forces. Furthermore, the seismic response of all-FRP building with concentric diagonal braces has been analysed. For both applications it is possible to assert that despite the absence of ductile behaviour of FRP pultruded material, the new technology guarantees a dissipative response through the global ductility and the effect of the low self-weight related to the mechanical performances.
Experimental Study on Seismic Failure Modes of Confined Masonry Structures with Different Enhancements
Authors: Xu Hu , Wu Hao , Gentilini Cristina , Su Qi Wang , Zhao Shi Chun
Published: July 2017

In this study, confined masonry specimens with regular arranged openings are tested in order to study the influence of different enhancements of the columns on seismic failure modes. In particular, five brick masonry walls and three half-scale two-storey masonry structures are tested under quasi-static loads. The experimental results show that increasing column ratio improves the seismic behavior of the wall specimens to some extent, but an excessive reinforcement ratio of the columns decreases the ductility. The global failure mode of the two-storey masonry structures is modified by inserting iron wires in the mortar bed joints, improving the structural collapse resistant capacity effectively.
Modelling of the In-Plane and Out-of-Plane Performance of TRM-Strengthened Masonry Walls
Authors: Mininno Gemma , Ghiassi Bahman , Oliveira Daniel V.
Published: July 2017

Tensile Reinforced Mortars (TRMs) are promising composites that address the compatibility demands required for strengthening of masonry and historical constructions. Although many recent studies have been devoted to the use of these materials for strengthening purposes, several issues such as efficiency for improving the structural performance are clearly open. The aim of this paper is to numerically investigate the effectiveness of TRM systems on the in-plane and out-of-plane response of masonry walls. Numerical models are adopted to describe the nonlinear behaviour and the failure mechanisms of unreinforced and strengthened walls. It is shown that the implementation of TRM layers improve largely the performance of the masonry walls both in terms of strength and displacement capacity.
Seismic Behaviour of Rocking Elements Reinforced with Composite Materials
Authors: Coccia Simona , di Carlo Fabio , Imperatore Stefania
Published: July 2017

Seismic behaviour and vulnerability of existing masonry structures are typically characterized by out-of-plane response of vertical walls. The dynamic response of such elements can be analytically assessed considering the dynamic equation of rigid bodies not resistant to tensile stresses. Many studies available in literature have highlighted the vulnerability of this type of structures against out-of-plane movements. In order to withstand horizontal seismic actions, appropriate and effective retrofitting interventions have to be properly designed. In this paper, the rocking response of a masonry wall retrofitted with elastic GFRP bars is investigated. A parametric survey is also carried out, to evaluate the increase in strength of the masonry wall, due to the presence of the composite material.
Post-Seismic Damage Assessment of a Historical Masonry Building: The Case Study of a School in Teramo
Authors: Colonna Silvia , Imperatore Stefania , Zucconi Maria , Ferracuti Barbara
Published: July 2017

The historical masonry buildings are characterised by a great vulnerability regard the seismic action, as the recent events occurred in Central Italy have highlighted. During the seismic emergency the authors, in collaboration with the Civil Protection Department as part of the ReLUIS activities, have carried out usability inspections, analysing also the case study described in this paper. The structure, a school in Teramo, was already affected by previously seismic damages and it has been highly involved by the seismic events abovementioned. In this work the results of first inspection, reported in the AeDES form, and a more accurate visual inspection are presented in terms of detection of the crack patterns and evaluation of the seismic damages index. Moreover the vulnerability index has been calculated according to the GNDT 2° level method. The vulnerability index is finally used to calculate the damage index expected for the seismic intensity registered during the seismic event of October 30, 2016, and compared with the observed post-seismic damage level.
Collapse State of Multi-Storey Masonry Walls Reinforced by Steel Ties Subjected to In-Plane Horizontal Loads
Authors: Como Mario , Coccia Simona , di Carlo Fabio
Published: July 2017

The determination of the seismic strength of masonry building is strictly connected to the in-plane strength of masonry walls under the action of horizontal forces. Simplified criteria are currently available in literature, based on modelling of the structure as loaded by dead loads and by a gradually increasing distribution of horizontal forces, proportional to the mass of the building. According to this approach, called push-over method, the seismic strength of the building corresponds to the intensity of these gradually increasing horizontal loads, leading the building to the failure condition. This paper moves in the framework of the Limit Analysis, based on the Heyman’s masonry model (1966), rigid in compression with no tensile strength. The resistant model refers to a multi-storey wall with openings arranged in regular patterns, along both vertical and horizontal directions, reinforced at floor levels by steel ties. The in-plane failure of the regular multi-storey walls can occur with the development of various kinematically admissible mechanisms, characterized by the attainment of the yielding state in the steel ties. The proposed methodology consists in the definition of the mechanism along which the failure effectively occurs and in a subsequent check of the statical admissibility of the internal stress state at the limit load. Only in this case, the corresponding kinematical multiplier is the effective collapse multiplier. The presence of the panels situated above the openings strongly conditions the in-plane failure of the wall, acting as diagonal struts, causing different horizontal displacements between the piers at the floor levels and consequently engaging the horizontal ties in the mechanism. In order to ensure the development of the global failure, avoiding local brittle failures, steel strengths of the ties have thus to be suitably defined. Finally, a parametric investigation is carried out considering different geometries of masonry walls and varying the position of the piers self-weights and the horizontal forces distribution, constant or proportional to the height of the masses from the foundation level.
Preliminary Investigation on FRP Profiles for the Structural Retrofit of Masonry Structures
Authors: Cecchi Antonella , Russo Salvatore , Sciarretta Francesca
Published: July 2017

The paper explores the perspectives of pultruded FRP (PFRP) profiles in the field of masonry building preservation, for ancillary structures or strengthening techniques. The available knowledge about interfaces is briefly summarized; recent experimental results about bolted PFRP-to-masonry joints are cited. A numeric predictive analysis, aimed at evaluating the shear interface behaviour of adhesive PFRP-to-masonry joints, is shown in view of foreseen laboratory tests. The numeric results enlighten a clear influence of compressive loading on the peak shear displacement at varying transfer length. The model, which relies on the assumption of frictional joint behaviour, appears to represent the joint sliding in a satisfactory way.
Novel Bivalent Viral-Vectored Vaccines Induce Potent Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Conferring Protection against Stringent Influenza A Virus Challenge
Authors: Tully Claire M. , Chinnakannan Senthil , Mullarkey Caitlin E. , Ulaszewska Marta , Ferrara Francesca , Temperton Nigel , Gilbert Sarah C. , Lambe Teresa
Published: July 2017

Seasonal influenza viruses are a common cause of acute respiratory illness worldwide and generate a significant socioeconomic burden. Influenza viruses mutate rapidly, necessitating annual vaccine reformulation because traditional vaccines do not typically induce broad-spectrum immunity. In addition to seasonal infections, emerging pandemic influenza viruses present a continued threat to global public health. Pandemic influenza viruses have consistently higher attack rates and are typically associated with greater mortality compared with seasonal strains. Ongoing strategies to improve vaccine efficacy typically focus on providing broad-spectrum immunity; although B and T cells can mediate heterosubtypic responses, typical vaccine development will augment either humoral or cellular immunity. However, multipronged approaches that target several Ags may limit the generation of viral escape mutants. There are few vaccine platforms that can deliver multiple Ags and generate robust cellular and humoral immunity. In this article, we describe a novel vaccination strategy, tested preclinically in mice, for the delivery of novel bivalent viral-vectored vaccines. We show this strategy elicits potent T cell responses toward highly conserved internal Ags while simultaneously inducing high levels of Abs toward hemagglutinin. Importantly, these humoral responses generate long-lived plasma cells and generate Abs capable of neutralizing variant hemagglutinin-expressing pseudotyped lentiviruses. Significantly, these novel viral-vectored vaccines induce strong immune responses capable of conferring protection in a stringent influenza A virus challenge. Thus, this vaccination regimen induces lasting efficacy toward influenza. Importantly, the simultaneous delivery of dual Ags may alleviate the selective pressure that is thought to potentiate antigenic diversity in avian influenza viruses.
Is the good creation only provisional?
Authors: Nel Marius
Published: July 2017

No abstracr available.
Igbo Cultural Values and the European Influence: A Way to Redirect the Present Igbo Youths
Authors: Udechukwu Gladys Ifeoma
Published: July 2017

The world is a mystery and very complex to finish its interpretation. As it continues to exist, numerous things and mysterious things manifest day by day. Human beings are made to live and control other things in the world. In different parts of the world, many cultures and belief systems exist. Because of the natural endowment of different regions of the world, there is bound that differences must exist in the way the people think and live their lives. It is therefore not surprise that what one part of the world practices or holds firm may not be the same with other parts of the world. Europeans have their way of life based on their environment and culture and Igbo people also have their own way of life. In living out the life, there are values and norms which help to control peoples’ lives and to check the excesses. There are some negative behaviours that are not acceptable in the society. These unacceptable behaviours are called “Taboos”. What is seen as taboo in Igbo land may not be seen as taboo in the European countries. It has been observed that some of the Igbo people that have come into contact with Europeans have been seriously influenced and affected by the culture of the white men in such a way that their own culture has been delegated to the background and this has affected the way they live which in most cases are contrary to the good values and norms Igbo people are known for. It is on this note that the researcher seeks to look into some of the Igbo cultural values that have been influenced by the Europeans and their effects on human development. With this, the Igbo people will be able to understand their cultural heritage and will go a long way to preserve and protect them. Descriptive and survey methods of research will be adopted in the course of the research.
Perceived Supervisor’s Support and Job Insecurity as Predictors of Employee Anxiety
Authors: Oguegbe Tochukwu M. , Etodike N.C. , Ugwa R.
Published: July 2017

Organisational stability is central to the strength of human development and organizational effectiveness which enables sustainable nation’s development amidst global competitiveness. Hence this study examined perceived supervisor’s support and job insecurity as predictors of employee anxiety. The study participants comprised of 211 workers (86 males) and (125) females drawn through systematic sampling from two local government areas. These participants are of the mean age of 35.22, standard deviation of 3.22 and age range of 19-56yrs. The study made use of three questionnaires namely- Symptoms Distress Check List (SCL-90R,) Perceived Supervisor’s Support Scale and Job insecurity scale. The study adopted a correlation design with multiple linear regression as the statistics for data analysis. Findings indicated that the first hypothesis which stated that perceived supervisors’ support will positively and significantly predict employee anxiety was rejected at α = .194, P> .05 (N = 211). Findings also indicated that the second hypothesis which stated that job insecurity will positively and significantly predict employee anxiety was accepted at α = .007*, P < .05 (N = 211) and Findings also revealed that he third hypothesis which stated that supervisors’ support and job insecurity will jointly predict employee anxiety was accepted at r(1, 211) = .002*, P < .05. Hence, findings were discussed and recommendations made.Keywords: Employee anxiety, Supervisor’s support, Job insecurity
Atividades complementares curriculares em contraturno escolar no estado do Paraná: um estudo do macrocampo esporte e lazer
Authors: Basei Andréia Paula , Bendrath Eduard Angelo , Menegaldo Pedro Henrique Iglesiaz
Published: July 2017

O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar um levantamento sistemático das atividades complementares curriculares em contraturno escolar no macrocampo esporte e lazer desenvolvidas nas escolas públicas estaduais do Paraná. As informações cadastrais das escolas (N=372) dos dezenove municípios caracterizados como de grande porte disponíveis na plataforma DataEscolaBrasil (MEC), foram analisadas com base na estatística descritiva utilizando-se o software SPSS versão 20.0. Os resultados apontam que cinco projetos de atividades complementares concentram 40,5% das ações nos 9 macrocampos previstos. Dentre os projetos executados aproximadamente 1/3 estão vinculados ao macrocampo esporte e lazer (35,4%). Neste macrocampo 64,9% dos projetos estão concentrados em 5 modalidades, apontando uma tendência a padronização das ações e a prevalência do esporte em detrimento das demais atividades de lazer. Conclui-se que as atividades complementares curriculares em contraturno reforçam ações em prol da educação integral e o macrocampo analisado apresenta grande potencial na ampliação das oportunidades de aprendizagem dos alunos.
Thomasius e o Direito Natural
Authors: Cabral Gustavo César Machado
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n72p145Este trabalho discutirá as concepções de Christian Thomasius sobre o direito natural, a partir da sua principal obra, Fundamenta iure natura et gentium. Thomasius foi um dos mais importantes representantes do jusnaturalismo racionalista, ao lado de Hugo Grotius, Samuel von Pufendorf e Christian Wolff, ele contribuiu decisivamente para a formação do direito moderno. Pretende-se neste artigo esclarecer os mais determinates pressupostos da obra de Thomasius, relacioná-los aos ramos mais importantes do direito à época (direito privado, direito penal e ius publicum) e, finalmente, demonstrar a difusão das obras de Thomasius pela Europa.
O carácter anti-ideológico da Teoria Pura do Direito
Authors: Albuquerque Renata , Magalhães Átila De Alencar Araripe , Aguiar Júnior Carlos Augusto M. de
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n72p169O presente trabalho busca analisar a possibilidade de uma Ciência jurídica pura, livre de influências externas, em especial, livre de ideologias. A ideia de um Direito sem ideologias foi fruto da modernidade, que apregoava a necessidade de métodos científicos rígidos. Na tentativa de demonstrar o caráter científico do Direito, Hans Kelsen formulou sua Teoria Pura do Direito, que, em última instância, buscava afastar o caráter metafísico do Direito, bem como as ideologias. Foi realizada uma investigação bibliográfica, utilizando como fonte primária o estudo realizado por Arnaldo Vasconcelos sobre a obra de Hans Kelsen, Teoria Pura do Direito: repasse crítico de seus principais fundamentos. Finalmente, chega-se à conclusão de que há a impossibilidade de uma Ciência Jurídica pura e que a própria “Teoria Pura do Direito” encontra-se impregnada por ideologias próprias de seu tempo.
Proteção Jurídica dos Cães de Guarda no Sul do Brasil: uma questão de empatia nascida nos Movimentos de Proteção do Animal não Humano
Authors: Albuquerque Letícia , Medeiros Fernanda Luiza Fontoura de
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n72p217O reconhecimento dos direitos dos animais é um processo em evolução. A Constituição Federal brasileira proíbe práticas cruéis contra os animais não humanos. Contudo, tem sido uma prática comum a contratação de cães de aluguel para realização de segurança privadas. Alugar cães de guarda ofende o princípio da dignidade da vida, pois os animais são mantidos em situações degradantes. Diferentes atores do movimento de proteção animal se uniram para banir a locação de cães de guarda para segurança. A questão mobilizou a sociedade através das redes sociais, por meio de ações que envolvem emoções, empatia e um processo de política de tolerância, solidariedade e reciprocidade.
Six Degrees of Separation: from derivative suits to shareholder class actions
Authors: Oquendo Ángel R.
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n73p37As ações transindividuais revolucionaram o direito contemporâneo. Especificamente, o direito empresarial tomou parte neste fenômeno. Por exemplo, na ação derivativa, indivíduos – os acionistas – estão legitimados a litigar em nome de uma coletividade, em relação a assuntos da corporação. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar essa ação derivativa, comparando-as com as ações coletivas de acionistas em geral, explicitando que os dois procedimentos detêm apenas similitudes superficiais, mas divergem em nível mais profundo. A ação derivativa objetiva a proteção de um genuíno direito coletivo e indivisível, enquanto as demais ações coletivas de acionistas asseguram uma agregação de direitos individuais. Consequentemente, diferem na forma de representação, sobretudo em sua adequação, na equidade interna do procedimento e no objetivo que perseguem. O estudo dessa dicotomia contribui não só na compreensão dessas duas formas de processo, mas noentendimento da própria corporação e a relação entre ela e a sua diretoria, investidores e mesmo os demais stakeholders. No mais, sugere-se a necessidade de uma nova interpretação para a distinção entre as citadas ações, considerando a natureza do direito em jogo.
Does caffeine improve respiratory rate during remifentanil target controlled infusion sedation? A case report in endoscopic sedation
Authors: Sbaraglia, MD Fabio , De Riso, MD Mariella , Riccioni, MD Maria Elena , Costamagna, MD Guido , Sammartino, MD Maria
Published: July 2017

Sedation for endoscopic procedures may be challenging when facing patients with high risk. Traditional techniques, as propofol or meperidine/midazolam administration, cannot ensure an adequate level of safety and efficacy for these patients. Remifentanil infusion is a common alternative, but the incidence of apneic events does not allow achieving safely a good level of analgesia. To overcome with this issue, the authors borrowed suggestions from other medical fields. The clinical practice has recognized a wide utility of methylxanthines (caffeine, theophylline, etc). The positive effect of caffeine on the airways function is known and in the treatment of neonatal apnea, it works as direct stimulant of central respiratory center. Furthermore, preclinical studies suggest that methylxanthines could have a protective role on the opioids inhibition of the bulbar-pontine respiratory center. As described in this report, the authors observed that, also when apnea has been induced by remifentanil, caffeine is able to restore the respiratory rate. The authors present the management of a respiratory impaired patient scheduled for a therapeutic colonoscopy. Our sedation was focused on the match between remifentanil in target controlled infusion and intravenous caffeine, like an “expresso to wake-up” the respiratory drive.
Retrieval of the raindrop size distribution from polarimetric radar data using double-moment normalisation
Authors: Raupach Timothy H. , Berne Alexis
Published: July 2017

Abstract. A new technique for estimating the raindrop size distribution (DSD) from polarimetric radar data is proposed. Two statistical moments of the DSD are estimated from polarimetric variables, and the DSD is reconstructed using a double-moment normalisation. The technique takes advantage of the relative invariance of the double-moment normalised DSD. The method was tested using X-band radar data and networks of disdrometers in three different climatic regions. Radar-derived estimates of the DSD compare reasonably well to observations. In the three tested domains, in terms of DSD moments, rain rate, and characteristic drop diameter, the proposed method performs similarly to and often better than a state-of-the-art DSD-retrieval technique. The approach is flexible because no specific DSD model is prescribed. In addition, a method is proposed to treat noisy radar data to improve DSD-retrieval performance with radar measurements.
Seasonal range test run with Global Eta Framework
Authors: Latinović Dragan , Chou Sin Chan , Rančić Miodrag
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Global Eta Framework (GEF) is a global atmospheric model developed in general curvilinear coordinates and capable of running on arbitrary rectangular quasi-uniform spherical grids, using stepwise (Eta) representation of the terrain. In this study, the model is run on a cubed-sphere grid topology, in a version with uniform Jacobians (UJ), which provides equal-area grid cells, and a smooth transition of coordinate lines across the edges of the cubed-sphere. Within a project at the Brazilian Center for Weather Forecasts and Climate Studies (CPTEC), a nonhydrostatic version of this model is under development and will be applied for seasonal prediction studies. This note describes preliminary tests with the GEF on the UJ cubed-sphere in which model performance is evaluated in seasonal simulations at a horizontal resolution of approximately 25 km, running in the hydrostatic mode. Comparison of these simulations with the ERA-Interim reanalyses shows that the 850 hPa temperature is underestimated, while precipitation pattern is mostly underestimated in tropical continental regions and overestimated in tropical oceanic regions. Nevertheless, the model is still able to well capture the main seasonal climate characteristics. These results will be used as a control run in further tests with the nonhydrostatic version of the model.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman's Herland and the Tradition of the Scientific Utopia
Authors: Christensen Andrew G.
Published: July 2017

This article considers Charlotte Perkins Gilman's 1915 novel Herland in the larger utopian tradition and argues that it can be classified as a scientific utopia, in the tradition of Bacon's New Atlantis. Herland is frequently mischaracterized as “Arcadian” and “pastoral.” In reality, the novel presents an advanced industrialized society that uses radical environmental engineering. The article challenges a number of critical readings from ecofeminism and feminist science studies in characterizing the novel, which has been abundantly studied in terms of gender politics but far less so in terms of the scientific utopia. Also covered are the novel's engagements with the population principle and eugenics—controversial issues in the novel's time and in our own but familiar territory in the utopian tradition. Though the Herlanders' mastery of their environment and population is impressive on one level, on another it is disconcerting, and the novel, from our point of view, can be said to have a place in another tradition—the technological dystopia. Last, brief consideration is given to the question of whether science can be a legitimate basis of utopia and what Herland contributes to this ongoing debate.
Pragmatics of Political News Reports Worthiness
Authors: Al-Hindawi Fareed H. , Al-Ebadi Hani K.
Published: July 2017

With the numerousness of political events and the competition among news media channels, news manufacturing becomes highly weighty to attract audience's attention aiming at changing their minds. As such, news reporters tend to pick out certain events that can be viewed as newsworthy. However, news manufacturing turns to be the reporters’ main interest and the various ways used to fulfill this purpose fall into their primary tasks. Among these ways, pragmatic mechanisms of language stand as the most appropriate means to create such newsworthiness. Thus, this study has set itself the task to be after these pragmatic mechanisms as employed by CNN reporters in their attempts to initiate, construct and maximize newsworthiness of the events in question. The findings attained at by this study fully verify some of its hypotheses and partially vindicate other ones.