bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulating microgravity with 60 days of 6 degree head-down tilt bed rest compromises sleep
Authors: Strauch Luise , von der Wiesche Melanie , Noppe Alexandra , Mulder Edwin , Rieger Iris , Aeschbach Daniel , Elmenhorst Eva-Maria
Published: December 2024

Astronauts in space often experience sleep loss. In the AGBRESA (Artificial Gravity Bed Rest) study, we examined 24 participants (mean age ± SD, 33 ± 9 years) during two months of 6o head-down tilt (HDT) bed rest, which is a well-established spaceflight analogue. Polysomnography was recorded during baseline (BDC-9), HDT (nights 1, 8, 30 and 58) and recovery (R, nights 1 and 12). Mixed ANOVAs with post-hoc step-down Bonferroni adjustment indicated that compared to BDC-9, arousals were increased, while sleep duration, N3, and sleep efficiency were all decreased during HDT. Significant quadratic associations between sleep duration and quality with time into HDT did not indicate adaptive improvements during the course of HDT. While sleep duration recovered quickly after the end of bed rest, participants still displayed protracted sleep fragmentation. We conclude that physiological changes caused by exposure to microgravity may contribute to persistent sleep deficits experienced during real space missions.
Neutralizing antibodies elicited in macaques recognize V3 residues on altered conformations of HIV-1 Env trimer
Authors: DeLaitsch Andrew T. , Keeffe Jennifer R. , Gristick Harry B. , Lee Juliet A. , Ding Wenge , Liu Weimin , Skelly Ashwin N. , Shaw George M. , Hahn Beatrice H. , Björkman Pamela J.
Published: December 2024

Eliciting broadly neutralizing antibodies that protect against diverse HIV-1 strains is a primary goal of AIDS vaccine research. We characterized Ab1456 and Ab1271, two heterologously-neutralizing antibodies elicited in non-human primates by priming with an engineered V3-targeting SOSIP Env immunogen and boosting with increasingly native-like SOSIP Envs derived from different strain backgrounds. Structures of Env trimers in complex with these antibodies revealed V3 targeting, but on conformational states of Env distinct from the typical closed, prefusion trimeric SOSIP structure. Env trimers bound by Ab1456 adopted conformations resembling CD4-bound open Env states in the absence of soluble CD4, whereas trimers bound by Ab1271 exhibited a trimer apex-altered conformation to accommodate antibody binding. The finding that elicited antibodies cross-neutralized by targeting altered, non-closed, prefusion Env trimer conformations provides important information about Env dynamics that is relevant for HIV-1 vaccine design aimed at raising antibodies to desired epitopes on closed pre-fusion Env trimers.
Generative models of MRI-derived neuroimaging features and associated dataset of 18,000 samples
Authors: Chintapalli Sai Spandana , Wang Rongguang , Yang Zhijian , Tassopoulou Vasiliki , Yu Fanyang , Bashyam Vishnu , Erus Guray , Chaudhari Pratik , Shou Haochang , Davatzikos Christos
Published: December 2024

Availability of large and diverse medical datasets is often challenged by privacy and data sharing restrictions. Successful application of machine learning techniques for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and precision medicine, requires large amounts of data for model building and optimization. To help overcome such limitations in the context of brain MRI, we present GenMIND: a collection of generative models of normative regional volumetric features derived from structural brain imaging. GenMIND models are trained on real brain imaging regional volumetric measures from the iSTAGING consortium, which encompasses over 40,000 MRI scans across 13 studies, incorporating covariates such as age, sex, and race. Leveraging GenMIND, we produce and offer 18,000 synthetic samples spanning the adult lifespan (ages 22-90 years), alongside the model’s capability to generate unlimited data. Experimental results indicate that samples generated from GenMIND align well with the distributions observed in real data. Most importantly, the generated normative data significantly enhances the accuracy of downstream machine learning models on tasks such as disease classification. Dataset and the generative models are publicly available.
Object-based feedback attention in convolutional neural networks improves tumour detection in digital pathology
Authors: Broad Andrew , Wright Alexander , McGenity Clare , Treanor Darren , de Kamps Marc
Published: December 2024

Human visual attention allows prior knowledge or expectations to influence visual processing, allocating limited computational resources to only that part of the image that are likely to behaviourally important. Here, we present an image recognition system based on biological vision that guides attention to more informative locations within a larger parent image, using a sequence of saccade-like motions. We demonstrate that at the end of the saccade sequence the system has an improved classification ability compared to the convolutional neural network (CNN) that represents the feedforward part of the model. Feedback activations highlight salient image features supporting the explainability of the classification. Our attention model deviates substantially from more common feedforward attention mechanisms, which linearly reweight part of the input. This model uses several passes of feedforward and backward activation, which interact non-linearly. We apply our feedback architecture to histopathology patch images, demonstrating a 3.5% improvement in accuracy (p < 0.001) when retrospectively processing 59,057 9-class patches from 689 colorectal cancer WSIs. In the saccade implementation, overall agreement between expert-labelled patches and model prediction reached 93.23% for tumour tissue, surpassing inter-pathologist agreement. Our method is adaptable to other areas of science which rely on the analysis of extremely large-scale images.
Detection of three-rooted mandibular first molars on panoramic radiographs using deep learning
Authors: Jin Long , Tang Ying , Zhou Wenyuan , Bai Bingbing , Yu Zezheng , Zhang Panpan , Gu Yongchun
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to develop a deep learning system for the detection of three-rooted mandibular first molars (MFMs) on panoramic radiographs and to assess its diagnostic performance. Panoramic radiographs, together with cone beam computed tomographic (CBCT) images of the same subjects, were retrospectively collected from 730 patients, encompassing a total of 1444 MFMs (367 teeth were three-rooted and the remaining 1077 teeth were two-rooted). Five convolutional neural network (CNN) models (ResNet-101 and − 50, DenseNet-201, MobileNet-v3 and Inception-v3) were employed to classify three- and two-rooted MFMs on the panoramic radiographs. The diagnostic performance of each model was evaluated using standard metrics, including accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, negative predictive value, and F1 score. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed, with the CBCT examination taken as the gold standard.

Among the five CNN models evaluated, ResNet-101 demonstrated superior diagnostic performance, and the AUC value attained was 0.907, significantly higher than that of all other models (all P < 0.01). The accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 87.5%, 83.6%, and 88.9%, respectively. DenseNet-201, however, showed the lowest diagnostic performance among the five models (all P < 0.01), with an AUC value of 0.701 and an accuracy of 73.2%. Overall, the performance of the CNNs diminished when using image patches containing only the distal half of MFMs, with AUC values ranging between 0.680 and 0.800. In contrast, the diagnostic performance of the two clinicians was poorer, with AUC values of only 0.680 and 0.632, respectively. In conclusion, the CNN-based deep learning system exhibited a high level of accuracy in the detection of three-rooted MFMs on panoramic radiographs.
Respiratory syncytial virus glycoprotein G impedes CX3CR1-activation by CX3CL1 and monocyte function
Authors: Meineke Robert , Agac Ayse , Knittler Marie-Christin , Ludlow Martin , Osterhaus Albert D. M. E. , Rimmelzwaan Guus F.
Published: December 2024

The soluble form of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G protein (sG) bears resemblance to the chemokine fractalkine (CX₃CL1). Both RSV sG and CX3CL1 possess a mucin-like domain and a CX3C motif, exist in membrane-associated and soluble forms, and bind to the CX₃CR1 receptor expressed on immune and epithelial cells. To explore the biological significance of RSV sG and CX₃CR1 interaction, we produced wild type (WT) and CX₃C motif-deficient (CX3CMut) RSV sG proteins and determined their effects on CX₃CR1 signaling in monocytic cells. Both CX3CMut- and WT RSV sG failed to activate CX₃CR1 signaling directly. However, WT sG competed with CX₃CL1 for CX₃CR1 binding and reduced CX3CL1-induced CX₃CR1-activation, monocyte migration, and adhesion. The CX₃C motif of sG was crucial for competitive blocking of CX3CL1-mediated activation, as CX₃CMut sG did not affect these CX₃CR1 functions significantly. Thus, blockade of CX₃CR1 signaling by sG may allow RSV to dampen host immune responses.
Expression of concern: Highly effective photodynamic inactivation of E. coli using gold nanorods/SiO2 core–shell nanostructures with embedded verteporfin
Authors: Turcheniuk Kostiantyn , Turcheniuk Volodymyr , Hage Charles-Henri , Dumych Tetiana , Bilyy Rostyslav , Bouckaert Julie , Héliot Laurent , Zaitsev Vladimir , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: December 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Highly effective photodynamic inactivation of E. coli using gold nanorods/SiO2 core–shell nanostructures with embedded verteporfin’ by Kostiantyn Turcheniuk et al., Chem. Commun., 2015, 51, 16365–16368, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5CC06738C.
Correction: Density functional theory study of crown ether–magnesium complexes: from a solvated ion to an ion trap
Authors: Ćeranić Katarina , Milovanović Branislav , Petković Milena
Published: December 2024

Correction for ‘Density functional theory study of crown ether–magnesium complexes: from a solvated ion to an ion trap’ by Katarina Ćeranić et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2023, 25, 32656–32665, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CP03991A.
Selective hydroxylation of benzene to phenol via CuII(μ-O˙)CuII intermediate using a nonsymmetric dicopper catalyst
Authors: Hu Qin-Qin , Chen Qi-Fa , Zhang Hong-Tao , Chen Jia-Yi , Liao Rong-Zhen , Zhang Ming-Tian
Published: December 2024

A nonsymmetric dicopper catalyst hydroxylated benzene to phenol by using the environmentally friendly oxidant H2O2 with a selectivity of 97% and a turnover number of 14 000 via an electrophilic CuII(μ-O˙)CuII–OH intermediate.
Recent advancements in metal–organic framework-based aptasensors
Authors: Liang Zhipeng , Chen Si , Fan Chuanbin , Tian Guanghui , Zong Ziao , Wang Junli , He Hongming , Su Hongmin , Guo Feng
Published: December 2024

This review focuses on the recent development of aptasensors based on metal–organic frameworks and their hybrid materials.
Composition of linear and branched short-chain fatty acids in human milk and newborn feces: influence of perinatal and maternal factors
Authors: Luna-Guzmán Cristian Emmanuel , Zarzoza-Mendoza Imelda Cecilia , Cervantes-Monroy Emmanuel , Villa-Morales Judith , Carmona-Sierra Fairt Vladimir , Maldonado-Hernández Jorge , Domínguez-Calderón Israel , Rodriguez-Cruz Maricela
Published: December 2024

This research aimed to analyze the short-chain fatty acids composition in human milk (HM) and newborn feces and to explore potential associations with factors such as maternal nutrition, age, biological sex, delivery mode, diet, and the type of HM.
Ultrasound-assisted preparation of sweet corn cob polysaccharide selenium nanoparticles alleviates symptoms of chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Wang Jingyang , Wang Xin , Xiu Weiye , Li Chenchen , Yu Shiyou , Zhu Haobin , Yang Chenxi , Zhou Kechi , Ma Yongqiang
Published: December 2024

Preparation optimization of U-SCPSeNPs and improvement of chronic fatigue syndrome study.
Low-temperature synthesis of oval-shaped CoWO4 nanomaterials for enhanced asymmetric supercapacitor performance
Authors: Patel Pruthvi B. , Patel Dharti , Patel Anita R. , Bariya Sanjay N. , Kapdi Yash G. , Solanki Vanaraj , Soni Saurabh S. , Patel Mitesh H.
Published: December 2024

Oval Shape high-capacitive, durable, and safe CoWO4 based supercapacitor devices for future energy needs.
Synthesis of magnetic NiFe2O4/g-C3N4 heterojunction photocatalysts for boosting dye degradation performance under visible-light irradiation
Authors: Nguyen Loan Thi To , Duong Anh Thi Tu , Bui Nguyen Duc , Ngo Viet Thi Mai , Nguyen Hai Quang , Nguyen Hang Thi Thuy , Tran Giang Thanh , Tran Thuan Van
Published: December 2024

Many organic dyes including rhodamine B are persistent or degraded slowly, leading to long-term retention in the aquatic environment. Here, NiFe2O4/g-C3N4 was synthesized for the photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B dye efficiently.
Expression of concern: In situ growth of N-doped carbon nanotubes from the products of graphitic carbon nitride etching by nickel nanoparticles
Authors: Pietrowski Mariusz , Alwin Emilia , Zieliński Michał , Szunerits Sabine , Suchora Agata , Wojcieszak Robert
Published: December 2024

Expression of concern for ‘In situ growth of N-doped carbon nanotubes from the products of graphitic carbon nitride etching by nickel nanoparticles’ by Mariusz Pietrowski et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2024, 6, 1720–1726, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NA00983A.
Tailoring catalysis at the atomic level: trends and breakthroughs in single atom catalysts for organic transformation reactions
Authors: Sharma Devendra , Sajwan Devanshu , Mishra Shubhankar , Gouda Ashrumochan , Mittal Prerna , Choudhary Priyanka , Mishra Bhagyashree Priyadarshini , Kumar Sahil , Krishnan Venkata
Published: December 2024

This review analyzes the latest advances in the field of design of single atom catalysts (SACs) for various industrially relevant organic transformation reactions along with the challenges in the field and their possible counter measures.
Pendant engineering in multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence to yield charge-transfer and locally excited-state characteristics
Authors: Yoo Jeong Yeol , Ha Tae Hoon , Lee Chil Won
Published: December 2024

Pendant engineering in MR-TADF emitters to yield charge-transfer and locally excited-state characteristics in OLEDs.
Expression of concern: Heat-based transdermal delivery of a ramipril loaded cream for treating hypertension
Authors: Voronova Anna , Pagneux Quentin , Decoin Raphael , Woitrain Eloise , Butruille Laura , Barras Alexandre , Foulon Catherine , Lecoeur Marie , Jaramillo Diego , Rumipamba José , Melinte Sorin , Abderrahmani Amar , Montaigne David , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: December 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Heat-based transdermal delivery of a ramipril loaded cream for treating hypertension’ by Anna Voronova et al., Nanoscale, 2022, 14, 12247–12256, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2NR02295H.
Spin-state switching of indium-phthalocyanine on Pb(100)
Authors: Ide Niklas , Banerjee Arnab , Weismann Alexander , Berndt Richard
Published: December 2024

Spin state transition in an artificial array of indium phthalocyanine molecules. Scanning tunneling microscopy images show a 3 × 3 array before and after inducing a transition of the central molecule.
Formulating abiraterone acetate-HPMCAS-based amorphous solid dispersions: insights into in vitro and biorelevant dissolution assessments and pharmacokinetic evaluations
Authors: Choudhari Manisha , Damle Shantanu , Saha Ranendra Narayan , Dubey Sunil Kumar , Singhvi Gautam
Published: December 2024

Graphical representation of solubility and bioavailability enhancement of abiraterone acetate using HPMCAS-based amorphous solid dispersions.
Electronic regulation of single-atomic Ti sites on metal hydroxide for boosting photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Huang Ning-Yu , Li Bai , Wu Duojie , Chen Di , Zheng Yu-Tao , Shao Bing , Wang Wenjuan , Gu Meng , Li Lei , Xu Qiang
Published: December 2024

Single Ti sites were incorporated into nickel hydroxide via cationic defects, enhancing the photocatalytic activity by more than 30 times, which can be attributed to a strong interaction with intermediates caused by electronic regulation.
Manganese anodes for neutral electrolyte primary metal–air batteries
Authors: Reyes-Morales Quinik L. , Rangel-Mendez J. Rene , Chazaro-Ruiz Luis F.
Published: December 2024

A metallic manganese anode in metal–air batteries achieved an energy density of 1859 W h kg−1 and a specific capacity of 1930 A h kg−1.
Conductive TiN network-assisted fast-charging of lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Jeong Won Ung , Shin Hong Rim , Choi Ilyoung , Jeong Jae Seok , Suh Joo Hyeong , Kim Dong Ki , Kim Youngugk , Lee Jong-Won , Park Min-Sik
Published: December 2024

The partial conversion of TiN nanoparticles allows the formation of conductive Li3N–TiN clusters, enhancing the fast-charging capability of graphite.
Expression of concern: Particle-based photodynamic therapy based on indocyanine green modified plasmonic nanostructures for inactivation of a Crohn's disease-associated Escherichia coli strain
Authors: Jijie Roxana , Dumych Tetiana , Chengnan Li , Bouckaert Julie , Turcheniuk Kostiantyn , Hage Charles-Henri , Heliot Laurent , Cudennec Benoit , Dumitrascu Nicoleta , Boukherroub Rabah , Szunerits Sabine
Published: December 2024

Expression of concern for ‘Particle-based photodynamic therapy based on indocyanine green modified plasmonic nanostructures for inactivation of a Crohn's disease-associated Escherichia coli strain’ by Roxana Jijie et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2016, 4, 2598–2605, https://doi.org/10.1039/C5TB02697K.
High emission quantum yields and color-tunable properties of Ln-chelates embedded in PMMA
Authors: Lipa Aneta , Pham Yen Hoang , Carneiro Neto Albano N. , Trush Viktor A. , Li Huanrong , Malta Oscar L. , Amirkhanov Volodymyr M. , Gawryszewska Paula
Published: December 2024

Based on experimental and theoretical data for PMMA layers with excellent Ln3+ emission, a theoretical model was proposed, which takes into account simulations of inhomogeneities of Ln3+ coordination polyhedra and allows the prediction of QLLn.
Unveiling a pyridine-based exciplex host for efficient stable blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Muruganantham Subramanian , Jung Young Hun , Kim Hye Rin , Ham Jung Ho , Braveenth Ramanaskanda , Naveen Kenkera Rayappa , Chae Mi Young , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: December 2024

Using QC/MD simulation, a stable blue host with a high T1 level was developed. These hosts enhance the efficiency and stability of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) due to improved triplet energy and charge balance.
Unveiling the ice and gas nature of active centaur (2060) Chiron using the James Webb Space Telescope
Authors: Pinilla-Alonso N. , Licandro J. , Brunetto R. , Henault E. , Schambeau C. , Guilbert-Lepoutre A. , Stansberry J. , Wong I. , Lunine J. I. , Holler B. J. , Emery J. , Protopapa S. , Cook J. , Hammel H. B. , Villanueva G. L. , Milam S. N. , Cruikshank D. , de Souza-Feliciano A. C.
Published: December 2024

Context. (2060) Chiron is a large centaur that has been reported active on multiple occasions at relatively large heliocentric distances, including during aphelion passage. Studies of Chiron’s coma during active periods have resulted in the detection of C≡N and CO outgassing. Additionally, Chiron is surrounded by a disk of debris that varies with time. Significant work remains to be undertaken to comprehend the activation mechanisms on Chiron and the parent molecules of the gas phases detected.

Aims. This work reports the study of the ices on Chiron’s surface and coma and seeks spectral indicators of volatiles associated with the activity. Additionally, we discuss how these detections could be related to the activation mechanism for Chiron and, potentially, other centaurs.

Methods. In July 2023, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) observed Chiron when it was active near its aphelion. We present JWST/NIRSpec spectra from 0.97 to 5.27 μm with a resolving power of ∼1000, and compare them with laboratory data for identification of the spectral bands.

Results We report the first detections on Chiron of absorption bands of several volatile ices, including CO2, CO, C2H6, C3H8, and C2H2. We also confirm the presence of water ice in its amorphous state. A key discovery arising from these data is the detection of fluorescence emissions of CH4, revealing the presence of a gas coma rich in this hyper-volatile molecule, which we also identify to be in non-local thermal equilibrium (non-LTE). CO2 gas emission is also detected in the fundamental stretching band at 4.27 μm. We argue that the presence of CH4 emission is the first proof of the desorption of CH4 due to a density phase transition of amorphous water ice at low temperature in agreement with the estimated temperature of Chiron during the JWST observations (61 K). Detection of photolytic and proton irradiation products of CH4 and CO2 on the surface, in the coma ice grains, or in the ring material is also detected via a forest of absorption features from 3.5 to 5.3 μm.
The physical and chemical structure of Sagittarius B2
Authors: Möller T. , Schilke P. , Sánchez-Monge Á. , Schmiedeke A.
Published: December 2024

Context. The giant molecular cloud complex Sagittarius B2 (Sgr B2) in the central molecular zone of our Galaxy hosts several high-mass star formation sites, with Sgr B2(M) and Sgr B2(N) being the main centers of activity. This analysis aims to comprehensively model each core spectrum, considering molecular lines, dust attenuation, and free-free emission interactions. We describe the molecular content analysis of each hot core and identify the chemical composition of detected sources.

Aims. Using ALMA’s high sensitivity, we aim to characterize the hot core population in Sgr B2(M) and N, gaining a better understanding of the different evolutionary phases of star formation processes in this complex.

Methods. We conducted an unbiased ALMA spectral line survey of 47 sources in band 6 (211-275 GHz). Chemical composition and column densities were derived using XCLASS, assuming local thermodynamic equilibrium. Quantitative descriptions for each molecule were determined, considering all emission and absorption features across the spectral range. Temperature and velocity distributions were analyzed, and derived abundances were compared with other spectral line surveys.

Results. We identified 65 isotopologs from 41 different molecules, ranging from light molecules to complex organic compounds, originating from various environments. Most sources in the Sgr B2 complex were assigned different evolutionary phases of high-mass star formation.

Conclusions. Sgr B2(N) hot cores show more complex molecules such as CH3OH, CH3OCHO, and CH3OCH3, while M cores contain lighter molecules such as SO2, SO, and NO. Some sulfur-bearing molecules are more abundant in N than in M. The derived molecular abundances can be used for comparison and to constrain astrochemical models. Inner sources in both regions were generally more developed than outer sources, with some exceptions.
Observations of umbral flashes in the resonant sunspot chromosphere
Authors: Felipe T. , González Manrique S. J. , Martínez-Gómez D. , Gómez-Míguez M. M. , Khomenko E. , Quintero Noda C. , Socas-Navarro H.
Published: December 2024

Context. In sunspot umbrae, the core of some chromospheric lines exhibits periodic brightness enhancements known as umbral flashes. The consensus is that they are produced by the upward propagation of shock waves. This view has recently been challenged by the detection of downflowing umbral flashes and the confirmation of a resonant cavity above sunspots.

Aims. We aim to determine the propagating or standing nature of the waves in the low umbral chromosphere and confirm or refute the existence of downflowing umbral flashes.

Methods. Spectroscopic temporal series of Ca II 8542 Å, Ca II H, and Hα in a sunspot were acquired with the Swedish Solar Telescope. The Hα velocity was inferred using bisectors. Simultaneous inversions of the Ca II 8542 Å line and the Ca II H core were performed using the code NICOLE. The nature of the oscillations were determined and insights into the resonant oscillatory pattern were gained by analyzing the phase shift between the velocity signals and examining the temporal evolution.

Results. Propagating waves in the low chromosphere are more common in regions with frequent umbral flashes, where the transition region is shifted upward, making resonant cavity signatures less noticeable. In contrast, areas with fewer umbral flashes show velocity fluctuations that align with standing oscillations. Evidence suggests dynamic changes in the location of velocity-resonant nodes due to variations in the transition region height. Downflowing profiles appear at the onset of some umbral flashes, but upflowing motion dominates during most of the flash. These downflowing flashes are more common in standing umbral flashes.

Conclusions. We confirm the existence of a chromospheric resonant cavity above sunspot umbrae. It is produced by wave reflections at the transition region. The oscillatory pattern depends on the transition region height, which exhibits spatial and temporal variations due to the impact of the waves.
Évaluation des risques professionnels pour les dispositifs électroniques cardiaques implantables à cause de l'exposition aux champs électriques du courant industriel dans le cadre des normes européennes
Authors: Zhou M. , Kourtiche D. , Claudel J. , Nadi M. , Roth P. , Magne I. , Deschamps F.
Published: December 2024

Hazard for workers with cardiovascular implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) may occur in the vicinity of industrial electrical apparatus. Electromagnetic fields emitted in these workplaces can potentially interfere with CIEDs, posing occupational risks to the workers who are relying on them. A risk assessment approach was proposed for the non-clinical investigation in the process of specific assessing within the framework of the European standards EN 50527. An exposure system, the voltage injection system (VIS), was introduced to experimentally investigate the interference thresholds and the induced voltages of CIEDs exposed to electric fields (EFs) at power frequency (50 Hz) by in vitro testing. A thorough risk assessment was performed on four CIEDs in two exposure scenarios, as an application illustration of VIS assessment. Correspondence between in vitro testing and real-case exposure was founded based on the study of induced voltages under EF exposures to establish VIS assessment. In the risk assessment for CIEDs, severe interference was observed in some cases with maximum sensitivity and in ICDs with nominal sensitivity at the high Action Level specified in the Directive 2013/35/EU (20 kV/m). The VIS assessment proposed in this work provides an efficient, easy-to-setup, on-site solution to evaluate the EF exposures at power frequency of workers with CIEDs in the workplace. The findings highlight the importance of conducting risk assessment for specific cases.
[18F]FDG PET/CT Imaging and Hematological Parameters Can Help Predict HPV Status in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: Cegla Paulina , Currie Geoffrey , Wroblewska Joanna P , Kazmierska Joanna , Cholewinski Witold , Jagiello Inga , Matuszewski Krzysztof , Marszalek Andrzej , Kubiak Anna , Golusinski Pawel , Golusinski Wojciech , Majchrzak Ewa
Published: December 2024

Objective To determine whether [18F]FDG PET/CT and hematological parameters provide supportive data to determine HPV status in HNSCC patients.

Methods Retrospective analysis of clinical and diagnostic data from 106 patients with HNSCC: 26.4% HPV-positive and 73.6% HPV-negative was performed. The following semiquantitative PET/CT parameters for the primary tumor and hottest lymph node and liver were evaluated: SUVmax, SUVmean, TotalSUV, MTV, TLG, maximum, mean and TLG tumor-to-liver ratio (TLRmax, TLRmean,TLRTLG) and heterogeneity index (HI). Following hematological variables were assessed: white blood cell (WBC); lymphocyte (LYMPH); neutrophil (NEU),monocyte (MON); platelet (PLT); neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NRL); lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR); platelet-to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR). Conventional statistical analyses were performed in parallel with an artificial neural network analysis (Neural Analyzer, v. 2.9.5).

Results Significant between-group differences were observed for two of the semiquantitative PET/CT parameters, with higher values in the HPV-negative group: primary tumor MTV (22.2 vs 9.65; p=0.023), and TLRmax (3.50 vs 2.46; p=0.05). The HPV-negative group also had a significantly higher NEU count (4.84 vs. 6.04; p=0.04), NEU% (58.2 vs. 66.2; p=0.007), and NRL% (2.69 vs. 3.94; p=0.038). Based on ROC analysis (sensitivity 50%, specificity 80%, AUC 0.5), the following variables were independent predictors of HPV-negativity: primary tumor with SUVmax >10; TotalSUV >2800; MTV >23.5; TLG >180; TLRmax >3.7; TLRTLG >5.7; and oropharyngeal localization.

Conclusion Several semiquantitative parameters derived from [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging of the primary tumor (SUVmax, TotalSUV, MTV, TLG, TLRmax and TLRTLG) were independent predictors of HPV-negativity.
Challenging Situations in the Treatment of Cancer-Associated Thrombosis
Authors: Balaian Ekaterina , Marten Sandra , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Trautmann-Grill Karolin
Published: December 2024

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) is a common clinical problem in the treatment of cancer patients posing some unique challenges. These include the need to balance between the risk of recurrent thromboembolic events and bleeding complications in the individual cancer patient. A frequently encountered dilemma is the need for long-term anticoagulation in the setting of active malignancy. Until now, optimal duration, intensity, and type of anticoagulation in cancer patients remain an area of ongoing debate. In this case-based review, we present several challenging clinical scenarios and provide guidance on management. For optimal treatment results, CAT generally requires a multidisciplinary approach including specialists for thrombosis and hemostasis as well as hematology and oncology. Individual patient preferences should always be taken into account, especially in clinical situations with weak treatment evidence.
Interaktiv und intersektional: Sexualbildung für Jugendliche mit
dem Digitalspiel „Sibel’s Journey“
Authors: Goetzke Louka Maju , İnal Öykü
Published: December 2024

Für die Sexuelle und geschlechtliche Bildung von Jugendlichen bieten sogenannte Serious Games ein großes und bisher weitgehend ungenutztes Potential. Das interaktive, realitätsnahe Format verspricht einen nachhaltigen Lernerfolg, mit dem kritisches Denken gefördert sowie Veränderungen bei Einstellungen und Verhaltensweisen bewirkt werden können. Das 90-minütige Digitalspiel „Sibel’s Journey“ (https://sibelsjourney.com/) vom Typ narratives Adventure Game macht sich dieses Potential zunutze, um als Bildungsangebot im Sinne einer ganzheitlichen Sexuellen und geschlechtlichen Bildung Jugendliche bei der eigenständigen Auseinandersetzung mit diesen Themen zu unterstützen. Nach einer Einordnung von Serious Games als digitale Tools in der Sexuellen und geschlechtlichen Bildung stellt der vorliegende Praxisbeitrag die Funktionsweise und Inhalte von „Sibel’s Journey“ vor. Er informiert über die Spielentwicklung sowie die dahinterstehende sexualpädagogische Haltung und den Fokus auf Vielfalt und die Intersektionalität verschiedener Diskriminierungen.
Welche Phytotherapeutika werden in medizinischen Leitlinien zur
Behandlung gastroenterologischer Erkrankungen berücksichtigt?*
Authors: Utz Sandra , Langhorst Jost
Published: December 2024

Die zunehmende Beliebtheit und wachsende Wirksamkeitsevidenz führen dazu, dass
Phytotherapeutika vermehrt in medizinische Leitlinien integriert werden.
Entsprechend der aktuellen wissenschaftlichen Datenlage werden gerade bei
gastroenterologischen Erkrankungen einige Empfehlungen für die Anwendung von
Phytotherapeutika ausgesprochen. Phytotherapeutika wie Pfefferminzöl oder
Kümmelölauflagen werden beispielsweise beim Reizdarmsyndrom zur Symptomlinderung
empfohlen. Bei chronischer Obstipation und Colitis ulcerosa werden Ballaststoffe
wie Flohsamen empfohlen. Bei Colitis ulcerosa kann die Kombination von Myrrhe,
Kamillenblütenextrakt und Kaffeekohle komplementär in der remissionserhaltenden
Behandlung eingesetzt werden. Einige Phytotherapeutika (z.B. Wermut
[Artemisia absinthium], Weihrauch [Boswellia serrata]) zeigen
Wirksamkeitshinweise zur Behandlung von Morbus Crohn, jedoch ist die Datenlage
noch nicht ausreichend für Empfehlungen. Einige klare Empfehlungen für den
Einsatz von Phytotherapeutika zur Behandlung gastroenterologischer Erkrankungen
zeigen ihr großes Wirkspektrum. Aufgrund ihrer zusätzlich hohen Verträglichkeit
können sie sehr gut komplementär zu herkömmlichen Medikamenten eingesetzt
werden. Dennoch sind weitere qualitativ hochwertige Wirkungsstudien für weitere
Empfehlungen erforderlich.
Retraction Note: Novel and efficient process for the synthesis of 1,3,4 Oxadiazole containing MBX-4132
Authors: Ramteke Prachi , Gill Manjinder Singh
Published: December 2024

The authors wish to retract this article which had been published online on 04 Dec 2024 in error.
This was due to unintentional communication errors and the article should have been withdrawn before publication. Any inconvenience is duly regretted.
Comparison of 2D and 3D lung lobe quantification with Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio
Authors: Vogt Julia Katharina , Vogt Wolfgang Kurt , Heinzel Alexander , Mottaghy Felix M.
Published: December 2024

In this study, standard 2D lung lobe quantification is compared with two 3D lung lobe quantification software tools to investigate the clinical benefit of a 3D approach. The accuracy of 2D versus 3D lung lobe quantification is evaluated based on the calculated numerical ventilation-perfusion ratio (VQR) using a receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis.

A study group of 50 consecutive patients underwent a planar lung scintigraphy (anterior/posterior) as well as ventilation/perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT/CT) to exclude acute pulmonary embolism. All data were acquired with SPECT OPTIMA NM/CT 640 (GE Healthcare). 2D analysis was performed for all ventilation/perfusion scans using a lung analysis tool (Syngo Workstation, Siemens Healthineers). 3D quantification analysis was performed using QLUNG (Q. Lung, Xeleris 4.0, GE Healthcare) and LLQ (Hermes Hybrid 3D Lung Lobar Quantification, Hermes Medical Solutions). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) served as a decision criterion to find the best agreement between clinical PE findings and calculated PE candidates of the 2D and 3D methods. The significance of the ROC curves was evaluated using the DeLong comparison.

A significant difference between 2D/3D could be determined. Both 3D approaches showed robust and comparable results. The AUC range of [0.10, 0.67] was given for 2D lobar analysis, QLUNG AUC range revealed in [0.39,0.74] and LLQ AUC range was [0.42,0.72]. Averaged over all lung lobes an AUC=0.39 was given for 2D analysis and AUC=0.58 was given for LLQ/QLUNG.

We could demonstrate the better performance of 3D analysis compared to 2D analysis. Consequently, is recommended to use a 3D approach in clinical practice.
Polare Klimazone
Authors: Wendt Sebastian , Jelinek Tomas
Published: December 2024

Die polare Klimazone, die sich etwa zwischen 66,5–90 ° nördlicher bzw. südlicher Breite erstreckt und die Gebiete zwischen den jeweiligen Polen und Polarkreisen umfasst, gehört mit einer Fläche von 22 Mio. km2 bzw. 14,8 % der Festlandfläche unserer Erde zur kalten Klimazone 1. Die Arktis im Norden wird dabei von den Ländern/Landesteilen Grönland (autonomes Gebiet von Dänemark), Norwegen, Kanada, Alaska/USA, Russland, Finnland und Schweden gebildet; die Antarktis im Süden umfasst den Kontinent Antarktika sowie das Südpolarmeer. Trotz der oft lebensfeindlichen Extrembedingungen in diesen Erdregionen sind die bipolaren Zonen ein wichtiger Klimastabilisator und Süßwasserspeicher.
Omega-3 Levels in Prenatal Supplements
Authors: Scourboutakos Mary J. , Harper Elenee H. , Kopec Michael T. , Rose Lauren , Forte Milena
Published: December 2024

Objective This study aimed to systematically document the reported omega-3 levels in commercially available prenatal supplements in the United States and Canada, and compare these levels to recommended intakes in pregnancy.

Study Design Commercial prenatal supplements were identified using the Dietary Supplement Label Database (n = 50) and the Licensed Natural Health Products Database (n = 18). Mean omega-3 levels and the proportion of products meeting recommendations for pregnant women were tabulated.

Results Average omega-3 levels were 368 ± 33 mg in the United States and 404 ± 72 mg in Canada. Seventy percent of products in the United States and 61% in Canada contained the amount of omega-3 levels recommended for pregnant women with sufficient intakes. Sixteen percent of products in the United States and 28% in Canada contained the dose recommended for pregnant women with insufficient intakes.

Conclusion These results illustrate that commercial prenatal supplements contain a wide variety of omega-3 fatty acid levels that may or may not be consistent with recommended intake levels.

Key Points
Evolution of a Graph Model for the OMOP Common Data Model
Authors: Kang Mengjia , Alvarado-Guzman Jose A. , Rasmussen Luke V. , Starren Justin B.
Published: December 2024

Objective Graph databases for electronic health record (EHR) data have become a useful tool for clinical research in recent years, but there is a lack of published methods to transform relational databases to a graph database schema. We developed a graph model for the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) common data model (CDM) that can be reused across research institutions.

Methods We created and evaluated four models, representing two different strategies, for converting the standardized clinical and vocabulary tables of OMOP into a property graph model within the Neo4j graph database. Taking the Successful Clinical Response in Pneumonia Therapy (SCRIPT) and Collaborative Resource for Intensive care Translational science, Informatics, Comprehensive Analytics, and Learning (CRITICAL) cohorts as test datasets with different sizes, we compared two of the resulting graph models with respect to database performance including database building time, query complexity, and runtime for both cohorts.

Results Utilizing a graph schema that was optimized for storing critical information as topology rather than attributes resulted in a significant improvement in both data creation and querying. The graph database for our larger cohort, CRITICAL, can be built within 1 hour for 134,145 patients, with a total of 749,011,396 nodes and 1,703,560,910 edges.

Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first generalized solution to convert the OMOP CDM to a graph-optimized schema. Despite being developed for studies at a single institution, the modeling method can be applied to other OMOP CDM v5.x databases. Our evaluation with the SCRIPT and CRITICAL cohorts and comparison between the current and previous versions show advantages in code simplicity, database building, and query speed.

Conclusion We developed a method for converting OMOP CDM databases into graph databases. Our experiments revealed that the final model outperformed the initial relational-to-graph transformation in both code simplicity and query efficiency, particularly for complex queries.
Intranasal Dexmedetomidine for Sedation in Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Case Report
Authors: Romanelli Antonio , Langone Antonella , Minichino Flora , Gammaldi Renato
Published: December 2024

This case report presents the innovative use of intranasal dexmedetomidine (IN-DEX) for sedation in an 82-year-old female patient undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The patient, with a history of chronic atrial fibrillation, arterial hypertension, and chronic kidney failure, presented with sudden left-sided weakness. IN-DEX was administered to manage her agitation, achieving stable sedation without respiratory depression, facilitating EVT, and preserving the patient's cooperative state for accurate neurological assessments. The procedure was completed successfully, with stable vital parameters and no complications. This report highlights IN-DEX's potential as a noninvasive, effective sedative alternative in emergency neurological settings, emphasizing its advantages in maintaining respiratory function and reducing stress responses in AIS patients. Further studies are recommended to validate these findings and explore the broader applicability of IN-DEX in AIS management.
Role of Local Therapy for Metastatic Gastrointestinal Malignancies
Authors: Hui Caressa
Published: December 2024

Oligometastatic disease is an increasingly recognized intermediate tumor state between locally confined and widely metastatic cancer. Oligometastatic gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies represent a heterogeneous spectrum of disease, and treatment strategies are tailored to each patient and are impacted by multiple factors. Recent advances in systemic therapies, imaging techniques, and local treatment modalities have revolutionized cancer treatment and present new opportunities to improve outcomes in patients with a limited burden of metastatic disease. However, there is currently a lack of consensus and robust literature to guide patient selection and treatment strategies, including the optimal role and timing of local therapies as adjuncts to standard-of-care systemic therapy. The intent of this review is to comprehensively discuss the role of local therapies in the modern management of oligometastatic GI malignancies.
Quantum dot in perovskite hybrids for photovoltaics: Progress and perspective
Authors: You Hyung Ryul , Yu Han Na , Lee Eon Ji , Ma Hyeon Soo , Kim Younghoon , Choi Jongmin
Published: December 2024

Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are receiving great attention as promising nanomaterials for optoelectronic applications due to their unique electronic properties and straightforward processability. Despite extensive global research and significant progress in the surface chemistry and device architecture of CQDs, meeting the future demands for stability and device performance continues to be a challenge. Recently, innovative matrix engineering strategies that introduce a dot-in-perovskite structure have been recognized as breakthroughs in overcoming these challenges. This review chronicles the advancements of CQD-perovskite hybrids and discusses future perspectives, particularly regarding lead sulfide (PbS) CQDs for infrared photovoltaic applications.
The research on the surface discharge intensity and its damage to the pressboard in oil-paper insulation under different hydraulic pressures
Authors: Hu Guangcai , Yang Daiwen , Zhou Jianbing , Mou Shirong , Lu Qifu , Zhu Xinyu
Published: December 2024

The internal conducting components of power transformers are predominantly insulated by oil and paper, which is vital for ensuring transformers’ safety and reliability. The degradation of oil-paper insulation is primarily induced by discharge, significantly influenced by hydraulic pressure. This study investigates surface partial discharge in oil-paper insulation under varying hydraulic pressures with the help of a novel, self-designed test apparatus. Key discharge parameters were systematically recorded utilizing a commercial partial discharge detector. Findings indicate that both partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) and breakdown voltage exhibit an increasing trend with increasing pressure, albeit with diminishing rates of increase. Notably, the differential between breakdown voltage and PDIV initially decreases and subsequently exhibits a marginal increase with higher hydraulic pressures. Overall, discharge parameters decrease with increasing pressure, with both average partial discharge values and partial discharge power showing consistent reductions. Surface phenomena and microstructural analyses were conducted to elucidate the structural damage mechanisms induced by discharge. In addition, chemical group and elemental content analyses were performed to infer the underlying principles governing pressboard alterations. These findings provide valuable insights for the operation and maintenance of oil-paper insulated equipment in high-altitude environments and establish a foundation for optimizing the size and weight of oil-paper insulation systems by modulating internal hydraulic pressure in power transformers.
Relation between interface symmetry and propagation robustness along domain walls based on valley topological photonic crystals
Authors: Lévêque Gaëtan , Szriftgiser Pascal , Amo Alberto , Pennec Yan
Published: December 2024

Valley photonic crystals provide efficient designs for the routing of light through channels in extremely compact geometries. The topological origin of the robust transport and the specific geometries under which it can take place have been questioned in recent studies. In this article, we introduce a design for valley photonic crystals with richer arrangement possibilities than the standard valley photonic crystals based on two holes of different sizes in the unit cell. Our approach is based on the permutation of three sets of rhombi in a hexagonal lattice to investigate the interplay between Berry curvature, valley Chern number, and chirality of interfaces to achieve robust edge-modes propagation along domain walls. We study three types of interfaces with different symmetries: the non-chiral interface with glide-mirror symmetry commonly used in honeycomb-type valley crystals, and two chiral interfaces with or without inversion symmetry of the adjacent bulk lattices. In the latter case, no valley topology is expected. We show that for the three families, edges preserving the shape of the interface through 120° sharp corners can sustain edge-modes with comparable robustness. Moreover, interfaces with glide-mirror symmetry offer promising performances in circuits with more exotic configurations, like 60° and 90° corners or arbitrary curves in which valley preservation is not guaranteed. Our work raises questions about the topological origin of the robustness of transport in valley photonic crystals, discusses the role of the chirality of the interfaces in the propagation around sharp corners, and provides a lattice scheme with broad design possibilities.
Microemulsion method for the synthesis of Pt/CNTs and Pd/CNTs and their electrocatalytic activities for ethanol oxidation reactions
Authors: Song Hyon-Min
Published: December 2024

For diversifying Pt and Pd materials for electro-oxidation reactions of alcohols, carbon nanotube (CNT)-supported Pd and Pt nanoparticles were prepared by the microemulsion method. This microemulsion method is much milder than the previously reported high temperature reduction methods. Even at room temperature, Pd supported CNTs could be prepared, and crystalline Pt/CNTs were obtained at 75 °C. CTAB and chloroform were used for the phase transfer of CNTs, followed by the formation of metal NPs on the surface of CNTs. The zone axis of ⟨110⟩ was broadly observed in both CNT-supported Pt and Pd NPs, while twin structures were identified only in supported Pd NPs. In ethanol oxidation reactions in alkaline medium, CNT-supported Pd NPs, which were prepared at 75 °C, display the best catalytic activities. While unsupported Pt NPs show excellent CO tolerance with the ratio of the maximum current density of the forward and backward scans being 1.60, all the CNT-supported NPs show relatively good CO tolerance with the ratio ranging from 1.06 to 1.25, compared to 0.321 in unsupported Pd NPs.