bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stressful Life Events
Authors: George Linda K.
Published: January 2023

Life events are identifiable, discrete changes in life patterns that create stress and can lead to illness onset or the exacerbation of pre‐existing illness. A half‐century of research documents the strong and robust effect of negative life events on physical health, mental health, and general well‐being. Multiple social, psychological, and biological mechanisms explain why and how stressful life events affect health and well‐being.
Structural Strains, Successive Transition of
Authors: Hasegawa Koichi
Published: January 2023

The successive transition of structural strains refers to the mechanism and social process of the following vicious circle: a policy or a countermeasure aimed at solving one problem gives birth to another serious problem, and the solution of that problem results in the creation of yet another more serious one and finally reaches a dead end. In his research into the social impacts of the Tohoku and Joetsu bullet train line construction project, Harutoshi Funabashi described this vicious circle. The concept of structural strains, defined as deprivation caused by a structural factor neither personal nor accidental, came from Neil Smelser in 1963. This perspective reveals how the response to one risk factor can result in the creation of new risks, and that subsequent attempts to address the new risks produce yet further risks, until, finally, no remedy can be found. The concept explains rapid environmental degradation and other social problems.
Televangelism
Authors: Ward Mark
Published: January 2023

In popular usage, televangelism connotes programming by American Protestant televangelists who preach an evangelical, fundamentalist, Pentecostal, or Charismatic theology. Just as popular radio stars migrated to television in the 1950s, early attempts at televangelism were mounted by major personalities in radio evangelism. The growth in local stations and invention of videotape sparked a televangelism boom in the 1970s and 1980s. At this scale, televangelism could sustain itself through viewer donations, while some televangelists also used their platforms to promote the New Christian Right. A series of televangelist scandals in the late 1980s, together with the expansion of cable and satellite channels in the 1990s that fragmented the national television audience, caused ratings to temporarily drop. But media deregulation has since created religious media conglomerates whose TV networks target the evangelical niche audience and provide nationally syndicated televangelists with daily exposure. Further, televangelists and networks greatly augment their audiences through on‐demand digital streaming.
Transcription of Talk
Authors: Hammersley Martyn
Published: January 2023

This entry outlines the nature of transcription and some of the many decisions involved in producing and using transcripts.
Transition from Communism
Authors: Holmes Leslie
Published: January 2023

Until the end of the 1980s, approximately one third of the world's population lived in communist systems. But most of these systems collapsed like dominoes between 1989 and 1991. Many social scientists assumed that the old systems would be replaced by liberal democracies. In fact, whereas most of the states in Central and South East Europe have become democracies – some more successfully than others – most of those further east have mutated into autocracies of one kind or another. Furthermore, most postcommunist states experienced serious problems of various kinds in the 1990s, while some still are. This entry identifies the various trajectories taken by countries transitioning from communism, before noting that the world's most powerful remaining communist state, China, appears to have designs on bringing postcommunist states at least partly back into the fold, causing concern in many western capitals.
Veblen, Thorstein (1857–1929)
Authors: Camic Charles
Published: January 2023

Dissenting from classical and marginalist economics, Thorstein Veblen formulated a theory that centered not on the wealth‐getting, utility‐maximizing actions of separate individuals, but on the interplay of institutions of production and consumption and on how those institutions vary in different times and locations. This theory conceptualized consumption practices in terms of an evolving set of social institutions that engender “invidious” interpersonal comparison and call forth “conspicuous consumption,” as exhibited in the lavish spending behaviors of members of society on wasteful but socially valued superfluities. Veblen developed this analysis as part of an economics that differentiated productive “industrial” activities from the unproductive “parasitic” activities of the leisure class, as well as the predatory “pecuniary” activities of the modern corporation.
Victimization
Authors: Kahle Lindsay
Published: January 2023

This entry provides a brief overview of the major research and trends in victimization. Victimology, as a subarea of criminology, emerged in the 1960s and since then has come quite a long way in its development and contribution to the social sciences and the broader world as a whole. After briefly discussing the history of its emergence, the entry moves on to define victimization and victimology. Thereafter, it discusses how victimization is typically measured, as well as outlining the most recent trends in victimization rates and patterns. Finally, the two major victimization theories are briefly discussed, considering why it is important that our methods continue to evolve in order to accommodate the ever‐changing nature of victimization trends and their consequences.
Women's Empowerment
Authors: Velija Philippa
Published: January 2023

This entry discusses women's empowerment, a concept commonly used in academic and nonacademic contexts. Four themes are discussed: conceptualizing and problematizing what is meant by the term “women's empowerment,” outlining differing components in understanding women's empowerment, reviewing the challenges in measuring women's empowerment, and summarizing ongoing debates and issues when discussing women's empowerment.
Hospitalized Infections in Patients With Rheumatic Disease Hospitalizations in Alaska, 2015‐2018
Authors: Ferucci Elizabeth D. , Holck Peter
Published: January 2023

Objective

Rheumatic diseases are associated with increased rates of hospitalized infection, but few studies have included Indigenous North American populations. Our objective was to evaluate the association of rheumatic disease diagnosis during a hospitalization with odds of hospitalized infections in Alaska and assess differences by race.

Methods

We used hospital discharge data from the Alaska Health Facilities Data Reporting Program from 2015 to 2018. We identified people with a rheumatic disease diagnosis based on any hospital discharge diagnosis of a set of rheumatic diseases and compared them to people hospitalized but without a rheumatic disease diagnosis. We determined odds of hospitalized infection by rheumatic disease diagnosis status and type, race, and type of infection. Using multivariable modeling, we determined factors associated with hospitalized infection.

Results

Having a rheumatic disease diagnosis other than osteoarthritis was associated with 1.90 higher odds of hospitalized infection overall, whereas people of Alaska Native/American Indian (AN/AI) race with rheumatic disease had 2.44 higher odds. The odds varied by rheumatic disease and were increased in all rheumatic diseases except osteoarthritis (0.73). The most common type of hospitalized infection was sepsis, but opportunistic infections and pneumonia were most associated with a rheumatic disease diagnosis. On multivariable analysis, having a rheumatic disease diagnosis other than osteoarthritis, being of older age, and being of AN/AI race were associated with increased odds of hospitalized infection, with an interaction between race and rheumatic disease status.

Conclusion

This study confirmed the association of hospitalized infections with rheumatic disease diagnosis (other than osteoarthritis) during hospitalization and identified disparities by race.
Thermodynamic Processes of Perovskite Photovoltaic Devices: Mechanisms, Simulation, and Manipulation
Authors: Ma Tianshu , An Yidan , Yang Zhenhai , Ai Zhenhai , Zhang Yuqi , Wang Changlei , Li Xiaofeng
Published: January 2023

Perovskite‐based single‐junction and tandem solar cells have recently attracted considerable attention due to their remarkable advantages in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and fabrication cost; however, their commercialization remains challenging. One crucial limiting factor is the incompetent thermal management, which is inclined to degrade the PCE and stability of the device. Here, a rigorous opto–electro–thermal (OET) simulation is performed to disclose the internal energy conversion and heat mechanisms within devices. Taking a low‐bandgap PSC as an example, the microscopic energy conversion processes concerning the contributions from thermalization, Joule, Peltier, and bulk/interface recombination heats are quantitatively identified. Then various thermal manipulation strategies are proposed, including external (cooling effect) and internal (transport layer materials, photoluminescence colorants, and tandem strategy) methods with the purposes of reducing the heat generation and device temperature. Through the joint OET optimization, the predicted temperature of the considered single‐junction (tandem) PSC is reduced to 44.3 °C (33.5 °C) with the possible PCE up to 22.35% (29.08%). Based on the simulation, a tandem PSC (under two‐terminal configuration) is fabricated and a PCE of 25.03% is realized. This study offers an effective approach for energy analysis and manipulation to realize higher‐performance PSCs with lower operation temperatures.
Thermal Shrinkage Engineering Enables Electrocatalysts for Stable Hydrogen Evolution at 2000 mA cm−2
Authors: Zhang Yanan , Li Zijian , Hou Liqiang , Liu Xien
Published: January 2023

Constructing highly‐active and robust electrodes is vital for the industrialized application of water electrolysis to produce green hydrogen. Nevertheless, the strong disturbance of gas bubbles, especially under ampere‐level current densities, would bring about the exfoliation of catalytically active materials and performance deterioration. Herein, a Ru‐doped Ni(OH)2ultrathin nanosheet array vertically grown on nickel foam with a mechanically‐robust interface is first constructed by a facile corrosive engineering strategy. Subsequently, thermal shrinkage engineering inspired by heat shrinkable film is applied to avoid the region away from the interface in ultrathin nanosheets from being damaged by the impact of intensive gas evolution. As a result, the final self‐supported electrode has plentiful features including robust binding at the electrocatalyst/support interface and amorphous/crystalline heterophase. These features promote the achievement of superior catalytic activity of a small overpotential of 400 mV and activity retention for over 100 h at 2000 mA cm−2current density.
Joint‐Inspired Liquid and Thermal Conductive Interface for Designing Thermal Interface Materials with High Solid Filling yet Excellent Thixotropy
Authors: Xie Zilong , Dou Zhengli , Wu Die , Zeng Xiangtong , Feng Yuan , Tian Yunfei , Fu Qiang , Wu Kai
Published: January 2023

For advanced thermal interface materials (TIMs), massive inorganic addition for high isotropic thermal conductivities conflicts with suitable rheological viscosity for low contact thermal resistance. Traditional strategies rarely resolve such a contradiction, and it remains an academic and industrial challenge. Herein, inspired by the structure and function of the bone joint, a best‐of‐both‐worlds approach is reported that endows a standard polydimethylsiloxane/alumina (PDMS/Al2O3) TIM with simultaneously enhanced rheological mobility and thermal conductivity. It is conducted by employing morphology‐controllable gallium‐based liquid metal (LM) to the surface of Al2O3by a scalable mechanochemical process. At the typical polymer‐LM‐Al2O3interface, LM droplets with low cohesive energy can release the freedom for macromolecular chain relaxation and reduce the viscosity, successfully allowing the high‐loading TIMs (79 vol.%) to keep the thixotropic state and effectively reducing its contact thermal resistance with a copper substrate by 65%. At the same time, adjacent LMs merge to thermally bridge separate Al2O3particles, which facilitates the interfacial thermal conduction and enhances the thermal conductivity from 5.9 to 6.7 W m−1 K−1. Along with additional electrical insulation, this filler modification strategy is believed to inspire others to develop high‐performance polymer‐based TIMs for future advanced electronics.
A Review on Fabrication and Application of Tunable Hybrid Micro–Nano Array Surfaces
Authors: Li Chao , Yang Junjun , He Wenjun , Xiong Mengyuan , Niu Xinsheng , Li Xiaoyan , Yu Deng‐Guang
Published: January 2023

The wettability and adhesion of biological surfaces often depend on their periodically arranged hybrid micro–nano array structures. Various fabrication processes are designed to mimic biomimetic micro–nano array surfaces. This review summarizes the types of micro–nano array structures and analyzes fabrication methods based on top‐down and bottom‐up construction, including templating, etching, self‐assembly, and electrospinning/electrospraying. This review focuses on the shape reconfiguration of surface micro–nano array structures under physical stimuli, as well as the changes in material surface properties during the reconfiguration process. In addition, the applications of biomimetic micro–nano array composite surfaces in the fields of droplet transport, adhesion properties, sensors, and soft robotics are also discussed, and the current challenges and prospects in this field are identified.
Lignin‐Derived Carbon Nanofibers Loaded with TiO2 Enables Efficient Photocatalysis
Authors: Zhai Gongxun , Zhou Jialiang , Xie Min , Jia Chao , Hu Zexu , Xiang Hengxue , Zhu Meifang
Published: January 2023

The high value‐added application of lignin is of great significance for the effective utilization of biomass and environmental protection. In this work, TiO2‐loaded lignin‐derived carbon nanofibers (TiO2@LCNFs) are developed by the process of electrospinning, per‐oxidation, and carbonization. The effects of TiO2 content, carbonization temperature, initial RhB concentration, and solution pH value on the photocatalytic efficiency are systematically studied. Up to 86% photocatalytic efficiency and excellent cycling stability of the TiO2@LCNFs to rhodamine B under optimized conditions are achieved. The superior catalytic property of the TiO2@LCNFs can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the uniform distribution of TiO2 on the fiber surface and the good electrical conductivity of LCNFs. It is expected that this work will provide some guidance for the preparation of efficient photocatalytic materials, especially those based on biomass‐derived fiber materials.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4/Midline‐1 Axis Promotes T Lymphocyte Motility in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Rao Xiaoquan , Razavi Michael , Mihai Georgeta , Wei Yingying , Braunstein Zachary , Frieman Matthew B. , Sun Xiao Jian , Gong Quan , Chen Jun , Zhao Gang , Liu Zheng , Quon Michael J. , Dong Lingli , Rajagopalan Sanjay , Zhong Jixin
Published: January 2023

T cells play a crucial role in atherosclerosis, with its infiltration preceding the formation of atheroma. However, how T‐cell infiltration is regulated in atherosclerosis remains largely unknown. Here, this work demonstrates that dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP4) is a novel regulator of T‐cell motility in atherosclerosis. Single‐cell ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing and flow cytometry show that CD4+ T cells in atherosclerotic patients display a marked increase of DPP4. Lack of DPP4 in hematopoietic cells or T cells reduces T‐cell infiltration and atherosclerotic plaque volume in atherosclerosis mouse models. Mechanistically, DPP4 deficiency reduces T‐cell motility by suppressing the expression of microtubule associated protein midline‐1 (Mid1) in T cells. Deletion of either DPP4 or Mid1 inhibits chemokine‐induced shape change and motility, while restitution of Mid1 in Dpp4−/− T cell largely restores its migratory ability. Thus, DPP4/Mid1, as a novel regulator of T‐cell motility, may be a potential inflammatory target in atherosclerosis.
Exosome Release Delays Senescence by Disposing of Obsolete Biomolecules
Authors: Zou Wenchong , Lai Mingqiang , Jiang Yuanjun , Mao Linlin , Zhou Wu , Zhang Sheng , Lai Pinglin , Guo Bin , Wei Tiantian , Nie Chengtao , Zheng Lei , Zhang Jiahuan , Gao Xuefei , Zhao Xiaoyang , Xia Laixin , Zou Zhipeng , Liu Anling , Liu Shiming , Cui Zhong‐Kai , Bai Xiaochun
Published: January 2023

Accumulation of obsolete biomolecules can accelerate cell senescence and organism aging. The two efficient intracellular systems, namely the ubiquitin‐proteasome system and the autophagy‐lysosome system, play important roles in dealing with cellular wastes. However, how multicellular organisms orchestrate the processing of obsolete molecules and delay aging remains unclear. Herein, it is shown that prevention of exosome release by GW4869 or Rab27a−/− accelerated senescence in various cells and mice, while stimulating exosome release by nutrient restriction delays aging. Interestingly, exosomes isolate from serum‐deprived cells or diet‐restricted human plasma, enriched with garbage biomolecules, including misfolded proteins, oxidized lipids, and proteins. These cellular wastes can be englobed by macrophages, eventually, for disintegration in vivo. Inhibition of nutrient‐sensing mTORC1 signaling increases exosome release and delays senescence, while constitutive activation of mTORC1 reduces exosome secretion and exacerbates senescence in vitro and in mice. Notably, inhibition of exosome release attenuates nutrient restriction‐ or rapamycin‐delayed senescence, supporting a key role for exosome secretion in this process. This study reveals a potential mechanism by which stimulated exosome release delays aging in multicellular organisms, by orchestrating the harmful biomolecules disposal via exosomes and macrophages.
Codelivery of BCL2 and MCL1 Inhibitors Enabled by Phenylboronic Acid‐Functionalized Polypeptide Nanovehicles for Synergetic and Potent Therapy of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Xie Jiguo , Zhao Xiaofei , Zhang Peng , Zhang Yueyue , Cheng Ru , Zhong Zhiyuan , Deng Chao
Published: January 2023

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most refractory hematologic malignancy characterized by acute onset, rapid progression, and high recurrence rate. Here, codelivery of BCL2 (ABT199) and MCL1 (TW37) inhibitors using phenylboronic acid‐functionalized polypeptide nanovehicles to achieve synergetic and potent treatment of AML is adopted. Leveraging the dynamic boronic ester bonds, BN coordination, and π–π stacking, the nanovehicles reveal remarkably efficient and robust drug coencapsulation. ABT199 can induce a series of pro‐apoptotic reactions by promoting the dissociation of the pro‐apoptotic protein Bim from BCL2, while the released Bim is often captured by MCL1 protein overexpressed in AML. TW37 has a strong inhibitory ability to MCL1, thereby can restrain the depletion of Bim protein. Dual inhibitor‐loaded nanoparticles (NPAT) reveal excellent stability, acid/enzyme/H2O2‐triggered drug release, and significant cytotoxicity toward MOLM‐13‐Luc and MV‐411 AML cells with low half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 1.15 and 7.45 ng mL−1, respectively. In mice bearing MOLM‐13‐Luc or MV‐411 AML cancer, NPAT reveal significant inhibition of tumor cell infiltration in bone marrow and main organs, potent suppression of tumor growth, and remarkably elevated mouse survival. With facile construction, varying drug combination, superior safety, synergetic efficacy, the phenylboronic acid‐functionalized smart nanodrugs hold remarkable potential for AML treatment.
A Blood‐Responsive AIE Bioprobe for the Ultrasensitive Detection and Assessment of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Tao Maliang , Mao Jian , Bao Yun , Liu Fan , Mai Yiying , Guan Shujuan , Luo Shihua , Huang Yifang , Li Zixiong , Zhong Yuan , Wei Binbin , Pan Jun , Wang Qian , Zheng Lei , Situ Bo
Published: January 2023

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a severe subtype of stroke caused by the rupturing of blood vessels in the brain. The ability to accurately assess the degree of bleeding in an SAH model is crucial for understanding the brain‐damage mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies. However, current methods are unable to monitor microbleeding owing to their limited sensitivities. Herein, a new bleeding assessment system using a bioprobe TTVP with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics is demonstrated. TTVP is a water‐soluble, small‐molecule probe that specifically interacts with blood. Taking advantage of its AIE characteristics, cell membranes affinity, and albumin‐targeting ability, TTVP fluoresces in bleeding areas and detects the presence of blood with a high signal‐to‐noise (S/N) ratio. The degree of SAH bleeding in an endovascular perforation model is clearly evaluated based on the intensity of the fluorescence observed in the brain, which enables the ultrasensitive detection of mirco‐bleeding in the SAH model in a manner that outperforms the current imaging strategies. This method serves as a promising tool for the sensitive analysis of the degree of bleeding in SAHs and other hemorrhagic diseases.
Predicting the Lattice Thermal Conductivity in Nitride Perovskite LaWN3 from ab initio Lattice Dynamics
Authors: Tong Zhen , Zhang Yatian , Pecchia Alessandro , Yam ChiYung , Zhou Liujiang , Dumitrică Traian , Frauenheim Thomas
Published: January 2023

Using a density functional theory‐based thermal transport model, which includes the effects of temperature (T)‐dependent potential energy surface, lattice thermal expansion, force constant renormalization, and higher‐order quartic phonon scattering processes, it is found that the recently synthesized nitride perovskite LaWN3 displays strong anharmonic lattice dynamics manifested into a low lattice thermal conductivity (κL) and a non‐standard κL∝T−0.491 dependence. At high T, the departure from the standard κL∝T−1 law originates in the dual particle‐wave behavior of the heat carrying phonons, which includes vibrations tied to the N atoms. While the room temperature κL=2.98 W mK‐1 arises mainly from the conventional particle‐like propagation of phonons, there is also a significant atypical wave‐like phonon tunneling effect, leading to a 20% glass‐like heat transport contribution. The phonon broadening effect lowers the particle‐like contribution but increases the glass‐like one. Upon T increase, the glass‐like contribution increases and dominates above T = 850 K. Overall, the low κL with a weak T‐dependence points to a new utility for LaWN3 in energy technology applications, and motivates synthesis and exploration of nitride perovskites.
Toward Efficient Two‐Photon Circularly Polarized Light Detection through Cooperative Strategies in Chiral Quasi‐2D Perovskites
Authors: Wu Wentao , Shang Xiaoying , Xu Zhijin , Ye Huang , Yao Yunpeng , Chen Xueyuan , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua , Li Lina
Published: January 2023

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites carry unique semiconducting properties and advanced flexible crystal structures. These characteristics of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites create a promising candidacy for circularly polarized light (CPL) detection. However, CPL detections based on chiral perovskites are limited to UV and visible wavelengths. The natural quantum well structures of layered hybrid perovskites generate strong light–matter interactions. This makes it possible to achieve near‐infrared (NIR) CPL detection via two‐photon absorption in the sub‐wavelength region. In this study, cooperative strategies of dimension increase and mixed spacer cations are used to obtain a pair of chiral multilayered perovskites (R‐β‐MPA)EA2Pb2Br7 and (S‐β‐MPA)EA2Pb2Br7 (MPA = methylphenethylammonium and EA = ethylammonium). The distinctive bi‐cations interlayer and multilayered inorganic skeletons provide enhanced photoconduction. Moreover, superior photoconduction leads to the prominent NIR CPL response with a responsivity up to 8.1 × 10−5 A W−1. It is anticipated that this work can serve as a benchmark for the fabrication and optimization of efficient NIR CPL detection by simple chemical design.
Reprogramming of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex by Targeting SIRT3‐COX4I2 Axis Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression
Authors: Zhang Yijian , Liu Yang , Hou Mingzhuang , Xia Xiaowei , Liu Junlin , Xu Yong , Shi Qin , Zhang Zhongmin , Wang Liang , Shen Yifan , Yang Huilin , He Fan , Zhu Xuesong
Published: January 2023

Mitochondrial homeostasis is of great importance for cartilage integrity and associated with the progression of osteoarthritis (OA); however, the underlying mechanisms are unknown. This study aims to investigate the role of mitochondrial deacetylation reaction and investigate the mechanistic relationship OA development. Silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 3 (SIRT3) expression has a negative correlation with the severity of OA in both human arthritic cartilage and mice inflammatory chondrocytes. Global SIRT3 deletion accelerates pathological phenotype in post‐traumatic OA mice, as evidenced by cartilage extracellular matrix collapse, osteophyte formation, and synovial macrophage M1 polarization. Mechanistically, SIRT3 prevents OA progression by targeting and deacetylating cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 isoform 2 (COX4I2) to maintain mitochondrial homeostasis at the post‐translational level. The activation of SIRT3 by honokiol restores cartilage metabolic equilibrium and protects mice from the development of post‐traumatic OA. Collectively, the loss of mitochondrial SIRT3 is essential for the development of OA, whereas SIRT3‐mediated proteins deacetylation of COX4I2 rescues OA‐impaired mitochondrial respiratory chain functions to improve the OA phenotype. Herein, the induction of SIRT3 provides a novel therapeutic candidate for OA treatment.
MOFs Containing Solid‐State Electrolytes for Batteries
Authors: Jiang Shu , Lv Tingting , Peng Yi , Pang Huan
Published: January 2023

The use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) in solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs) has been a very attractive research area that has received widespread attention in the modern world. SSEs can be divided into different types, some of which can be combined with MOFs to improve the electrochemical performance of the batteries by taking advantage of the high surface area and high porosity of MOFs. However, it also faces many serious problems and challenges. In this review, different types of SSEs are classified and the changes in these electrolytes after the addition of MOFs are described. Afterward, these SSEs with MOFs attached are introduced for different types of battery applications and the effects of these SSEs combined with MOFs on the electrochemical performance of the cells are described. Finally, some challenges faced by MOFs materials in batteries applications are presented, then some solutions to the problems and development expectations of MOFs are given.
How About Vanadium‐Based Compounds as Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries?
Authors: Lv Tingting , Peng Yi , Zhang Guangxun , Jiang Shu , Yang Zilin , Yang Shengyang , Pang Huan
Published: January 2023

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) stand out among many monovalent/multivalent metal‐ion batteries as promising new energy storage devices because of their good safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Nevertheless, there are still many great challenges to exploring new‐type cathode materials that are suitable for Zn2+ intercalation. Vanadium‐based compounds with various structures, large layer spacing, and different oxidation states are considered suitable cathode candidates for AZIBs. Herein, the research advances in vanadium‐based compounds in recent years are systematically reviewed. The preparation methods, crystal structures, electrochemical performances, and energy storage mechanisms of vanadium‐based compounds (e.g., vanadium phosphates, vanadium oxides, vanadates, vanadium sulfides, and vanadium nitrides) are mainly introduced. Finally, the limitations and development prospects of vanadium‐based compounds are pointed out. Vanadium‐based compounds as cathode materials for AZIBs are hoped to flourish in the coming years and attract more and more researchers' attention.
The outcomes of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with third‐line BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Jabbour Elias J. , Sasaki Koji , Haddad Fadi G. , Issa Ghayas C. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Kadia Tapan M. , Jain Nitin , Yilmaz Musa , DiNardo Courtney D. , Patel Keyur P. , Kanagal‐Shamanna Rashmi , Champlin Richard , Khouri Issa F. , Dellasala Sara , Pierce Sherry A. , Kantarjian Hagop
Published: January 2023

The BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have improved the outcomes of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). After failing second‐generation TKI (2G‐TKI), the optimal third‐line therapy in chronic phase CML (CML‐CP) is not well established. We analyzed 354 patients with CML‐CP treated with a third‐line BCR::ABL1 TKI at our institution, and in the PACE and OPTIC trials, and evaluated the outcome after alternate 2G‐TKIs or ponatinib. We performed a propensity score matching analysis to compare outcomes and multivariate analysis to identify variables associated with survival. One hundred seventy‐three (49%) patients received 2G‐TKIs and 181 (51%) ponatinib. Patients in the ponatinib group had more cardiovascular risk factors (34% versus 19%) and higher disease burden (BCR::ABL1 transcript levels >1%, 165/175 [94%] versus 75/135 [55%]; p < .001) compared with the 2G‐TKI group. Among the 173 evaluable patients treated with ponatinib, 89 (52%) achieved 2 + −log reduction of baseline transcripts (20% 2‐log reduction and 32% 3 + −log reduction). Among the 128 evaluable patients treated with 2G‐TKIs, 44 (34%) achieved 2 + −log reduction of baseline transcripts (13% 2‐log reduction and 21% 3 + −log reduction). With a median follow‐up of 46 months, the 3‐year progression‐free survival was 59% (60% before matching) with 2G‐TKI and 83% (81% before matching) with ponatinib (p < .001). The 3‐year survival was 83% (81% before matching) with 2G‐TKI and 87% (89% before matching) with ponatinib (p = .03). By multivariate analysis, third‐line therapy with ponatinib was the only independent factor associated with better survival (p = .003). In conclusion, ponatinib is an optimal treatment for patients with CML‐CP failing two prior TKIs.
Synthesis, SARS‐CoV‐2 3CL main protease inhibitor, anti‐inflammatory, and wound‐healing effects of a zinc(II)‐thiosemicarbazone complex
Authors: Atasever Arslan Belkis , Kaya Büşra , Ülküseven Bahri
Published: January 2023

A new zinc(II) complex with tetradentate thiosemicarbazone (2) was synthesized to investigate the effectiveness against SARS‐CoV‐2 virus and its anti‐inflammatory effects on BEAS‐2B human bronchial epithelial cells. Structural confirmation was performed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and ESI‐MS spectroscopies. The results showed that the complex 2 molecule inhibits 3CL main protease enzyme. It was found that complex 2 had a proliferative effect at low doses. TNF‐α stimulation significantly increased IL8 gene expression 3.42 ± 0.107 fold in BEAS‐2B cells (p = 0.037). However, it was found that all concentrations of complex 2 highly suppressed IL8 gene expression in the control group and TNF‐α‐stimulated BEAS‐2B cells (p = 0.009). The healing rate of complex 2 was higher than the control and BEAS‐2B cells induced by TNF‐α at the 24 and 48 h after wound formation. It is known that the biological efficiency of metal‐thiosemicarbazone complexes was adjusted depending on substituent and metal. In this context, complex 2 may be considered as a precursor molecule in the investigation of the antiviral and anti‐inflammatory effects of those formed with the element zinc. Investigation of the selectivity of the inhibitory effect of complex 2 on the 3CL main protease is important for a more detailed understanding of its antiviral effect potential. Although the 3CL main protease enzyme was concentrated in antiviral effective molecule screening studies against SARS‐CoV‐2 virus, the fact that complex 2 also has anti‐inflammatory and wound‐healing effects is a distinguishing feature from other inhibitory effective molecules.
Valorization of mullet roe by‐products for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids rich oils
Authors: Kalogianni Eleni P. , Georgiou Despoina , Charisis Aggelos , Exarhopoulos Stylianos , Tzika Paraskevi
Published: January 2023

This work examines the potential valorization of mullet roe by‐products for the production of mullet roe oil using mild processes. Three different extraction methods with potential of scale‐up for the food industry, namely pressure (PE), supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and solvent extraction (SE) are examined. Mild temperature conditions to prevent oil oxidation and (wherever applicable) food‐grade solvents are used. The oil yield, the composition of oils in fatty acids by GC‐FID, the level of oil oxidation (peroxide value (PV), p‐anisidine value (AV), K232 K268, TOTOX)) and the antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS) are determined. SE provided the highest oil recovery, followed by SFE and PE (68%, 28% and 10% respectively). The extracted oils had a high concentration of EPA and DHA and a total of 20.7%–24.3% of identified PUFAs among the fatty acids. Oxidation was the lowest in the SFE extracted oil followed by PE, PV was <2.5 meqO2, AV≤10 and TOTOX <15 in all examined oil samples. Further research is needed to optimize processing conditions for the increase in oil recovery.
Anticooperativity and Competition in Some Cocrystals Featuring Iodine‐Nitrogen Halogen Bonds
Authors: Côté Mahée , Ovens Jeffrey S. , Bryce David L.
Published: January 2023

Phenomena such as anticooperativity and competition among non‐covalent bond donors and acceptors are key considerations when exploring the polymorphic and stoichiomorphic landscapes of binary and higher‐order cocrystalline architectures. We describe the preparation of four cocrystals of 1,3,5‐trifluoro‐2,4,6‐triiodobenzene with N‐heterocyclic compounds, namely acridine, 3‐aminopyridine, 4‐methylaminopyridine, and 1,2‐di(4‐pyridyl)ethane. The cocrystals, which are characterized by single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction experiments, all show moderately strong and directional iodine⋅⋅⋅nitrogen halogen bonds with reduced distance parameters ranging from 0.79 to 0.92 and carbon‐iodine⋅⋅⋅nitrogen bond angles ranging from 165.4(3) to 175.31(7)°. The cocrystal comprising 1,3,5‐trifluoro‐2,4,6‐triiodobenzene and acridine provides a relatively rare example where all three halogen bond donor sites form halogen bonds with three acceptor molecules, overcoming an anticooperative effect. This effect manifests itself through the lengthening of non‐halogen‐bonded C−I bonds, weakening their potential to form halogen bonds. The effect is only observed once two halogen bonds have been formed to 1,3,5‐trifluoro‐2,4,6‐triiodobenzene; one such bond does not appear to be adequate. Among the four cocrystals studied, competition between the pyridyl nitrogen atoms and the amine nitrogen atoms suggests that the former are the preferred halogen bond acceptors. Analysis by Hirshfeld fingerprint plots and 13C and 19F magic‐angle spinning solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides additional insights into the prevalence of various short contacts in the crystal structures and into the spectral response to halogen‐bond‐induced cocrystallization.
On state‐constrained porous‐media systems with gradient‐type multiplicative noise
Authors: Ciotir Ioana , Goreac Dan , Munteanu Ionut́
Published: January 2023

The aim of the present paper is to provide necessary and sufficient conditions to maintain a stochastic coupled system with porous media components and gradient‐type noise in a prescribed set of constraints by using internal controls. This work is a complementary contribution to the results obtained by the same authors, also on the viability problem associated to the porous media equation, but with Lipschitz noise. Second, the present paper provides a different framework in which the quasi‐tangency condition can be obtained with optimal speed. In comparison with the aforementioned result, and from a technical point of view, here, we transform the stochastic system into a random‐PDE one, via the rescaling approach, and then we study the viability of random sets. As an application, (stronger) conditions for the stabilization of the stochastic porous media equations are obtained. These are illustrated on a simple example.
Financial Capability and Performance: Assessing Trends Among North Carolina Utilities
Authors: August Olivia , Doyle Martin W. , Patterson Lauren A. , Smull Erika
Published: January 2023

Key Takeaways

Of 301 analyzed utilities in North Carolina, 51% reported operating revenues less than operating expenditures—operating ratios (ORs) less than 1.

Affordability burden and OR were both affected by utilities’ respective population size, population growth or loss rate, and median household income.

Annual supplemental funding would be needed to provide all 301 utilities with sufficient revenue to cover operating expenses to ensure ORs are greater than 1.

When evaluating consolidation of the utilities into a collective entity, the cumulative revenue of the 301 utilities well exceeded the sum of operating expenses.
Tau, tau kinases, and tauopathies: An updated overview
Authors: Montalto Giulia , Ricciarelli Roberta
Published: January 2023

Tau is a macrotubule‐associated protein primarily involved in the stabilization of the cytoskeleton. Under normal conditions, phosphorylation reduces the affinity of tau for tubulin, allowing the protein to detach from microtubules and ensuring the system dynamics in neuronal cells. However, hyperphosphorylated tau aggregates into paired helical filaments, the main constituents of neurofibrillary tangles found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. In this review, we provide an overview of the structure of tau and the pathophysiological roles of tau phosphorylation. We also evaluate the major protein kinases involved and discuss the progress made in the development of drug therapies aimed at inhibiting tau kinases.
Design, Synthesis, Biological Activity Evaluation and Action Mechanism of Myricetin Derivatives Containing Thiazolebisamide
Authors: Liu Fang , Cao Xiao , Xing Li , He Bangcan , Zhang Nian , Zeng Wei , Xin Hui , Xue Wei
Published: January 2023

The plant diseases caused by a variety of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria and fungi pose a great threat to global food production and food safety. Therefore, the search for green, efficient and pollution‐free pesticides has become an important task. In this article, 23 myricetin derivatives containing thiazolebisamides active groups have been designed and synthesized. Their activities were evaluated by performing in vitro antibacterial and in vivo antiviral assays, microscale thermophoresis (MST) and molecular docking assays. The results of in vivo antiviral assays showed that compounds A4 and A23 exhibited good antiviral activity with EC50 values of 79.0 and 54.1 μg/mL for therapeutic activity and 103.3 and 91.2 μg/mL for protective activity, respectively. The dissociation constants (Kd) values of compounds A4 and A23 against TMV‐CP were 0.021 and 0.018 μM, respectively, determined by microscale thermophoresis (MST), which were much smaller than those of the commercial drug ningnanmycin (NNM), which were 2.84 μM. The interaction of compounds A4, A23 with TMV‐CP was further verified at the molecular level. In addition, in vitro antifungal assays of this series of compounds showed that they exhibited some inhibitory activity against a variety of fungi, especially against the phytophthora capsici. Among them, A13 and A20 showed similar inhibitory activity to the control drug azoxystrobin at 100 μg/mL against the phytophthora capsici.
Compartmental Modeling of Biofouling in Industrial Cooling Circuits
Authors: Jourdan Nicolas , Kanniche Mohamed , Neveux Thibaut , Potier Olivier
Published: January 2023

Industrial cooling circuits with wet cooling towers use raw water to remove residual heat from industrial processes. These circuits are very prone to fouling and particularly biofouling. This work proposes a compartmental model built from a full hydrodynamic characterization (using computational fluid dynamics and experimental, local, and system data) of an industrial cooling circuit and implemented with a biofilm growth model which considers kinetic (temperature, concentrations) as well as hydrodynamic (internal and external transfer) limitations. It can therefore predict the biofouling growth per surface unit in the different part of the circuit, considering the various hydrodynamic conditions, while taking only a few minutes to simulate a full year considering season variation of temperature and water quality.
Reductive Deoxygenative Functionalization of Alcohols by First‐Row Transition Metal Catalysis
Authors: Pang Xiaobo , Shu Xing‐Zhong
Published: January 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Alcohols are among the most accessible functionalities. Catalytic deoxygenative functionalization of alcohols is highly synthetically appealing. While significant progress has been made on the reactions with nucleophiles, the reactions with electrophilic coupling partners remain a real challenge. This manuscript highlights the advance in this direction, which is mainly achieved by the first‐row transition metals. The low‐valent titanium catalyst has shown the unique reactivity to homolytically cleave the C—OH bonds. The formed carbon radicals could either undergo reduction to give protonation products or couple with carbon fragments to form C—C bonds. This chemistry is initially realized using a stoichiometric amount of titanium reagents and later extended to catalytic variants. Nickel features a variety of oxidation states ranging from Ni0 to NiIV, and both two‐electron oxidative addition and single‐electron process are involved in their activation of an electrophile. These properties enable nickel to catalyze reductive C—C coupling of alcohols with R–X electrophiles. The reaction is first reported on the reactions of allylic alcohols, then extended to benzylic alcohols and, very recently non‐activated alcohols. Recent effort has resulted in many invaluable methodologies that highly improve the reaction efficiency for the construction of aliphatic C—C bonds. The use of cobalt and copper catalysts not only expands the substrate scope of these reactions but also shows the new reactivity and selectivity issues.
Race, geography, and risk of breast cancer treatment delays: A population‐based study 2004–2015
Authors: Reeder‐Hayes Katherine E. , Jackson Bradford E. , Baggett Christopher D. , Kuo Tzy‐Mey , Gaddy Jacquelyne J. , LeBlanc Matthew R. , Bell Emily F. , Green Laura , Wheeler Stephanie B.
Published: January 2023

Background

Treatment delays affect breast cancer survival and constitute poor‐quality care. Black patients experience more treatment delay, but the relationship of geography to these disparities is poorly understood.

Methods

We studied a population‐based, retrospective, observational cohort of patients with breast cancer in North Carolina between 2004 and 2017 from the Cancer Information and Population Health Resource, which links cancer registry and sociodemographic data to multipayer insurance claims. We included patients >18 years with Stage I–III breast cancer who received surgery or chemotherapy as their first treatment. Delay was defined as >60 days from diagnosis to first treatment. Counties were aggregated into nine Area Health Education Center regions. Race was dichotomized as Black versus non‐Black.

Results

Among 32,626 patients, 6190 (19.0%) were Black. Black patients were more likely to experience treatment delay >60 days (15.0% of Black vs. 8.0% of non‐Black). Using race‐stratified modified Poisson regression, age‐adjusted relative risk of delay in the highest risk region was approximately twice that in the lowest risk region among Black (relative risk, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6–2.6) and non‐Black patients (relative risk, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.5–2.3). Adjustment for clinical and sociodemographic features only slightly attenuated interregion differences. The magnitude of the racial gap in treatment delay varied by region, from 0.0% to 9.4%.

Conclusions

Geographic region was significantly associated with risk of treatment delays for both Black and non‐Black patients. The magnitude of racial disparities in treatment delay varied markedly between regions. Future studies should consider both high‐risk geographic regions and high‐risk patient groups for intervention to prevent delays.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of the Novel Adenosine A2A Antagonist/Inverse Agonist KW‐6356 Following Single and Multiple Oral Administration in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Tayama Tomonori , Ishiuchi Masatake , Sugiyama Kenichiro , Oka Yuichi , Maeda Hiroshi , Nagata Yoshinori , Hruska Matthew , Kagawa Yoshiyuki
Published: January 2023

KW‐6356 is an adenosine A2A receptor–selective antagonist and inverse agonist. We conducted 2 studies: study 6356‐001 (no NCT number), a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 1 trial of single ascending (1, 3, 10 mg) and multiple (6 mg once daily) oral doses of KW‐6356 in healthy Japanese subjects; and study 6356‐004 (NCT03830528), including a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled phase 1 trial of single ascending (21, 42, 60 mg) and multiple (24 mg once daily) oral doses of KW‐6356, and a phase 1 open‐label trial of multiple oral doses (6 mg once daily) of KW‐6356 in healthy Japanese and White subjects, to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of KW‐6356. KW‐6356 was well tolerated after administration of single doses of up to 60 mg and multiple doses of up to 24 mg once daily for 14 days. The pharmacokinetics of KW‐6356 were linear after a single dose of up to 60 mg KW‐6356. The mean terminal elimination half‐life of KW‐6356 ranged from 18.4 to 43.1 hours following administration of single doses of 1–60 mg. There was no clear difference in the safety or pharmacokinetics of KW‐6356 between healthy Japanese and White subjects.
An Acrylonitrile‐Based Copolymer Gel as an NMR Alignment Medium for Extraction of Residual Dipolar Couplings of Small Molecules in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Carvalho Daiane S. , da Silva Danilo G. B. , Hallwass Fernando , Navarro‐Vázquez Armando
Published: January 2023

An NMR weakly‐aligning polymer gel has been prepared by copolymerization of acrylonitrile and 2‐acrylamide‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid in the presence of 1,4‐butanediol diacrylate as a cross‐linker. The polymer readily swells in water in a large range of temperatures, although the swelling ratio is decreased in saline solutions. The swollen gel can be mechanically compressed, in a reversible way, generating anisotropy, as easily shown in 2H NMR experiments, and allowing measurement of 1DCH residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) through F1‐coupled HSQC experiments. The performance of this gel as a NMR alignment medium was evaluated in several water‐soluble organic molecules and, while it provided RDCs of proper size for sucrose and even such as small molecule as 5‐norbornen‐2‐ol, in the case of azidothymidine and cefuroxime sodium salt the strong interaction of these molecules with the gel prevented successful extraction of the RDCs.