bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confucian Criticisms of Catholicism
Authors: Baker Don , Rausch Franklin
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the Neo-Confucian moral and philosophical foundations for rejecting Catholic beliefs and values as idan, meaning unacceptable. It argues that, in mainstream Neo-Confucian eyes, Catholicism was unacceptable because it was not Chinese and it promoted beliefs that appear to Confucians to be unreasonable. But, more important, Catholicism appeared to focus on such selfish concerns as individual salvation rather than the common good and therefore it was, by Confucian criterion, immoral.
A Decade of Hopes and Fears
Authors: Baker Don , Rausch Franklin
Published: January 2018

This chapter provides a narrative of the entrance of Korea’s first priest, Fr. Zhou Wenmo, into Korea from China, how he ministered to his underground flock for five years, and how a major persecution broke out after King Chŏngjo died in 1800. It also provides details about how and why Hwang Sayŏng wrote his Silk Letter, how that letter was intercepted, and how Hwang was captured.
Learning to Read in Village Temples and Chinese Public Schools
Authors: Borchert Thomas A.
Published: January 2018

This chapter analyzes the consequences of the training of novices in villages in Sipsongpannā, a type of education this is best described as an apprentice system. While it is common for scholars to talk about apprentice education in isolation, I argue that because most Dai-lue novices have also attended the Chinese public schools, it is necessary to examine monastic education together with that of the Chinese public schools. The chapter argues that education in village temples produces novices who see themselves primarily as members of the village, while education in the pubic schools produces monks who understand that they are members of the Daizu.
The Fragility of Autonomy
Authors: Borchert Thomas A.
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the education of Dai-lue monastics in the Dhamma Schools of Sipsongpannā. The focus is on the largest such school in the region which has been dedicated to creating a cohort of Dai-lue monks who understand the connection between Dai-lue culture and Buddhism, and see that their job is to help preserve both. At the same time, the program at the school is conditioned by Chinese discourses on and policies for minorities. As a result, while the monks have autonomy to develop a Buddhist curriculum, there are clear limits on how far they can develop their program.
Tautai
Authors: O'Brien Patricia
Published: January 2018

This is a biography of Ta’isi O. F. Nelson, the Sāmoan nationalist leader who fought New Zealand, the British Empire and the League of Nations between the world wars. It is a richly layered history that weaves a personal and Pacific history with one that illuminates the global crisis of empire after World War One. Ta’isi’s story weaves Sweden with deep histories of Sāmoa that in the late nineteenth century became deeply inflected with colonial machinations of Germany, Britain, New Zealand and the U. S.. After Sāmoa was made a mandate of the League of Nations in 1921, the workings and aspirations of that newly minted form of world government came to bear on the island nation and Ta’isi and his fellow Sāmoan tested the League’s powers through their relentless non-violent campaign for justice. Ta’isi was Sāmoa’s leading businessman who was blamed for the on-going agitation in Sāmoa; for his trouble he was subjected to two periods of exile, humiliation and a concerted campaign intent on his financial ruin. Using many new sources, this book tells Ta’isi’s untold story, providing fresh and intriguing new aspects to the global story of indigenous resistance in the twentieth century.
[Untitled]
Authors: O'Brien Patricia
Published: January 2018

This summation of Ta’isi’s life evokes his own words to capture the ways Ta’isi and the history he shaped have been remembered and forgotten. As well as outlining the aftermath of his death, the chapter looks at the ways historians have assessed his life and contribution. It concludes with the apology by Prime Minister Helen Clark in 2002 and her reception at Ta’isi’s home following a forgiveness ceremony by the Ta’isi and Tamasese families. The chapter ends with the assessment that Ta’isi was a tautai, a navigator to his people in the fraught and complex new world order of the twentieth century.
The Fractal Self
Authors: Culliney John L. , Jones David
Published: January 2018

“The Fractal Self” traces fresh insights on the evolution of the universe from the Big Bang to sociobiology and human culture. The book posits that on every scale, complex structure and function and ultimately life itself arose by virtue of the power of cooperation between self and other. Cooperation has proved a catalytic force for complexity from organic molecules to human affairs, and appears to oscillate with competition, as yin with yang. However, progressive complexity emerging from antecedent simplicity consistently has come from cooperation, writ large. This is a tendency in our universe that we have called the cooperative constant; cooperation appears to have held a small average edge over competition to engender richness and diversity in nature and culture. The book further explores the human potential of achieving a seminal state of being in the world as a fractal self: any person drawn to some walk-of-life, a vocation or avocation, and who begins to realize a seamless participatory ethos as a “natural” or an “adept.” With growing sensitivity, adaptation, understanding and expertise, this self tends to develop a capacity to foster creative complexity. Insights from primatology as well as ancient myth and philosophy, especially Daoism and Buddhism, enrich our understanding regarding the emergence of empathy and morality and their applications vis`a vis nature and society. The book concludes with a new definition of free will and a hopeful vision for Gaian sustainability as our species transcends tribalism and entrains itself in partnership with nature.
Out of the Dreamtime
Authors: Culliney John L. , Jones David
Published: January 2018

Chapter 2 diverges from science to follow some primordial strands of thought on origins. An intimate, participatory universe was anticipated before human beings began to articulate worldviews in philosophic or scientific terms. Our search for the fractal self begins by tracing prototypes recorded in myths and oral histories. Anthropologists, such as Levy-Bruhl, concluded that people in remote traditional cultures understood themselves as embedded with nature. Their demigods, such as Coyote, Maui, Hermes, and Dionysus, roamed their environs and instigated changes and events for good or ill. Shamans interpreted and engaged natural forces and negotiated with nature on behalf of humans. Such figures embodied qualities of the fractal self. The break came in the West. Early cosmogonies featured characters such as Gaia and Ouranos, avatars of intimacy with nature and exalted authority respectively. However, as influenced by Plato and Aristotle the development of Abrahamic religions situated humans apart from the rest of nature and under the rule of an omnipotent, transcendent God. The identity of the self at one with nature ultimately subsided and was brutally suppressed in much of the world. However, Daoism and Buddhism remained attuned with ideas of humanity as deeply interdependent with the natural world.
From Self to Sage
Authors: Culliney John L. , Jones David
Published: January 2018

The traditions of Confucianism, Daoism, and their later adoption of and adaptation by Buddhism envisioned a world that, re-described in modern parlance, is composed of shifting, fractal dimensions in which emergence can happen along turbulent boundaries of attractors where tensions arise between opposites. For the ancients, these ways of thinking invoked nascent principles of our current understanding of deterministic chaos; they glimpsed self-organization proceeding toward complexity, and human beings moving through the world with wuwei, an adept sense of participation. This participatory ethos can be situated on a cultural spectrum of behavior that extends between integrity (individuality) and intimacy (sociality, cooperation). An approach to life that empathizes the intimacy portion of the spectrum leads to the highest expression of the self in Confucian, Daoist, and Buddhist environments where an effortless expertise, ziran, may be achieved, arising from unforced participation within a particular sector or system of the world. The individual who attains such a state is recognized as a sage. Such a person is a cooperator in the broadest sense, very often an innovator and a catalyst, and, in social systems, a constructive leader. Sagely behavior is proposed as the supreme achievement of biotic and cultural evolution.
Anti-sage
Authors: Culliney John L. , Jones David
Published: January 2018

Chapter 10 proceeds in light of our suggestion that sagely behavior is freely chosen, benign, yet powerful, and seeks cooperation in the world in ways that are positive, progressive, nurturing, and constructive in nature. This chapter, however, accounts for people who have been gifted with or have assiduously developed powers of rapport or charisma, achieving notable fractal congruence in the social, political, or economic life of institutions or communities but who have gone the other way. This phenomenon over a wide range of scale can elevate those who become destructive or aggrandizing to the ultimate detriment of society. Numerous followers can gravitate to the kind of socially-fractally-adept individual that we call an anti-sage. The chapter discusses examples of the antisage phenomenon in cults and terrorist organizations such as the People’s Temple and Aum Shinrykyo. In this narrative pertinent expressions of human selfness include: Protean self vs. fundamentalist self and parochial altruism. Also explored are politics and government, notably the administration of George W. Bush, creed-based religions, particularly Christianity and Islam, and aggrandizement in educational administration, such as that of John Sexton’s presidency of New York University.
Into Indra’s Net
Authors: Culliney John L. , Jones David
Published: January 2018

The last chapter highlights a sagely person whose work in international and intercultural education has exemplified the principles discussed in this book. The yin and yang of American culture and modern religious expression, however, represent uncertainties for constructive societal progress. Reflecting on future chances of success for humanity and human selves, the chapter points to the need for sagely leadership to promote biospheric conservation, environmental sustainability, and social justice. With urgency, the same prescription will help us to navigate the chaotic edge between future promise and existential risk in new fields such as genetic engineering and artificial intelligence. The chapter concludes with a view of the choice we face at the present moment: an exercise in free will, unique in the history of life. Each human individual has the potential to contribute something worthy and personally satisfying to the future. Our choice is: will we take the cooperative side of our evolutionary past to a new level and embrace the kind of nurturing philosophical wisdom that confirms our shared humanity. Or will we choose to reject that ancestral path in favor of accelerating self-aggrandizement, aggressive religion, and destructive tribal integrity that threatens societal and planetary well-being?
Copulating with One’s Stepmother—Or Birth Mother?
Authors: Goldin Paul R.
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses the reviled but well-attested ancient Chinese practice of zheng烝‎, or copulating with a deceased father’s concubine. Certain social structures, notably institutionalized polygyny, must be in place before one can have such a concept; thus we are dealing with a culturally specific form of perversion. The commonplace of copulating with one’s stepmother--or, in extreme instances, one’s birth mother--is deployed as a token of barbarism: the only men who do it are rulers who cannot control their urges and savages who do not know better.
Bad Writing
Authors: Leung Vincent S.
Published: January 2018

This chapter is a study of the essay “Against Cursive Calligraphy” (Fei caoshu 非草書‎) by Zhao Yi Yi 趙壹‎ (ca. 130-185). In this rare polemic against the art of cursive calligraphy, Zhao Yi accused his Eastern Han contemporaries for their grave misunderstanding of this new orthography and its negative relationship to achieving sagehood and understanding antiquity. By contextualizing Zhao Yi’s essay within the voices of his contemporaries, most notably the effusive praises of cursive calligraphy in the “Configuration of Cursive Calligraphy” (Caoshu shi 草書勢‎) by Cui Yuan 崔瑗‎ (78-143), this chapter argues for a debate over the ethics of orthography in the late Eastern Han dynasty.
Alcoholism and Song Literati
Authors: Van Bibber-Orr Edwin
Published: January 2018

Crystallized in the alterity of an ancient Chinese past, alcohol use and abuse have often in the field of sinology become synonymous with romanticized literati affect: Tao Qian’s 陶潛‎ (365-427)’s “Twenty Poems on Drinking” and Li Bai 李白‎’s (701-762) “Drinking Alone Under the Moon” come immediately to mind. This glorification has precipitated a blind spot regarding the self-destructive effects of alcoholism in Chinese cultural history. Through an analysis of Song encyclopedia, anecdotes, and medical texts, I uncover a Song discourse on alcoholism: shijiu嗜酒‎. Reading poems of Mei Yaochen 梅堯臣‎ (1002-1060) and Yang Wanli 楊萬里‎ (1127-1206), the chapter reveals personal accounts of these literati’s struggles to stop drinking (zhijiu止酒‎). To define alcoholism, I employ the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5 (DSM-V), evincing the presence of five distinct diagnostic criteria of “Alcohol Use Disorder” amongst Song literati.
Running Amok in Early Chinese Narrative
Authors: Henry Eric
Published: January 2018

This chapter discusses the penchant for suicidal depravity and violence observable in many characters in Zuozhuan左傳‎, the text which, above all others, stresses the paramount importance of ritual propriety as the determinant of all one’s actions. The chapter suggests that the characters concerned feel fully alive only when they act in open defiance of the rites. It is only through disobedience that they can feel sure that they are exercising the faculty of free will. This view is then briefly applied to tales in other early Chinese narrative contexts.
Martial Monks without Borders
Authors: Carlton Kelly
Published: January 2018

The once formidable Korean kingdom of Goguryeo fell to invading Tang China after a Buddhist monk-general, Sinseong 信誠‎, furtively opened the gate to its besieged capital from within. Sinseong’s treachery, contravention of Buddhist monastic proscriptions, and subversion of longstanding martial codes are nevertheless graciously rendered in nearly every available Chinese and Korean historical record. This chapter seeks to examine the oscillating judgments of Sinseong’s bad behavior as the product of political—rather than purely moral—factors, as well as reassess Sinseong’s own perspective of his culpability as a compassionate collusion to extend Buddhism across borders.
Introduction
Authors: Rothschild N. Harry , Wallace Leslie V.
Published: January 2018

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the three parts and thirteen chapters that comprise this volume, a series of focused case studies of personages and actions considered “bad” by early and medieval Chinese writers. The first part contains four chapters examining distinctive ways in which core Confucian bonds, such as those between parents and children and ruler and minister, were compromised and even severed. Through a colorful collection of ostentatious Eastern Han mourners, deviant calligraphers, audacious falconers, volatile Tang Buddhist monks, and inebriated Song literati, the second part explores the elasticity of orthopraxy and heteropraxy in early and medieval China. The final part showcases four distinctive explorations of cultural attitudes toward military action and warfare. Collectively, the volume compels a serious reconsideration of larger questions of what and whom was considered aberrant, arguing that more often than not, definitions were based on personal taste, conflicting systems of values, and political and social expedience.
Prelude to Ava
Authors: Aung-Thwin Michael A.
Published: January 2018

The immediate cause for the rise of Ava was the decline of the kingdom of Pagan. Yet, decline in this case only meant dis-integration as a kingdom—it only lost its integrative power. Neither the conceptual system and its principles, nor the human and material resources that had made it, disappeared. In fact, these components remained intact to provide the ideological and material wherewithal for the reconstituting of Ava. Hence, by the second half of the fourteenth century, the dis-integrated parts that had earlier made up Pagan were re-integrated as the kingdom of Ava. And because Pagan provided the “blue print” for Ava, it insured that the “classical tradition” continued for another two hundred years. That tradition was characterized by: an agrarian economy, a conceptual system comprised of indigenized Theravada Buddhism, a patron-client political and social structure, and a population led and dominated by Burmese speakers.
The Ava Convention
Authors: Aung-Thwin Michael A.
Published: January 2018

For over a century (what I call) the “Ava Convention” had contended that the Kingdom of Ava was a new polity led and ruled by the Shan, and the Ava period, a tumultuous one of decentralism and fragmentation. Although I have demonstrated elsewhere that the basis for the convention is erroneous, some reiteration, new information, and a closer scrutiny more directly related to the present study, are warranted. The most serious problem of the “Ava Convention” is that not a shred of original evidence exists to support it, while the conceptual, methodological, and analytical basis for it is also seriously flawed. This chapter deconstructs the convention and offers a new approach to the study and understanding of Ava.
The Fifteenth Century and the Apogee of Ava
Authors: Aung-Thwin Michael A.
Published: January 2018

Following the exceptional leaders who consolidated the kingdom of Ava during the first half of the fifteenth-century, three more extraordinary kings—Narapati the Great, Mahathihathuya, and Mingaung the Second—succeeded them to take Ava to its apogee. It was during their reigns that the kingdom of Ava made its greatest contribution to the country in terms of Burmese literature, an achievement that remains largely unequaled. That period was also notable in terms of political integration, military prowess, social order, religious stature, economic self-sufficiency, and overall well-being of the state. Although much of the fifteenth-century can be regarded as the pinnacle of the Ava Dynasty and period, the second half of that century particularly stood out.
Ava’s Legacy in Myanmar’s History
Authors: Aung-Thwin Michael A.
Published: January 2018

There were both tangible and intangible legacies of Ava. The most tangible legacy Ava left the country is exemplary Burmese literature. The most intangible legacy of Ava is the way in which the kingdom contributed to, and perpetuated the “classical” (Pagan) tradition in the making of modern Myanmar, heretofore unrecognized by the field precisely because the Ava Convention had claimed that the Ava period was a backward, fragmented Shan era. Both the tangible and intangible kinds of legacies are discussed in this chapter.
The Pegu Convention
Authors: Aung-Thwin Michael A.
Published: January 2018

For nearly two centuries, colonial historiography had attributed the origins of state formation in the country to Lower Myanmar, so that the process of “civilization” was alleged to have moved south to north. That process was thought to have reached its zenith in the Kingdom of Pegu during the last half of the first millennium BC, whose roots were alleged to have gone back to the mythical Ramannadesa and Buddhist Asokan India. Recent research makes clear, however, that the process of state formation in Myanmar was exactly the opposite and much later. Scientific evidence reveals not only that the earliest dates regarding “the state” lay in Upper, not Lower Myanmar, while the best archaeological and epigraphic evidence suggests it “moved” north to south rather than vice versa. The evidence also shows that during much of that time, Lower Myanmar was the “frontier” of the country and not its center, a “backwater,” largely inhospitable, consisting of marshes and swamps until developed during the second half of the millennium AD by human and material resources from Upper Myanmar, South India, Central Mainland and parts of maritime Southeast Asia. This chapter describes the legendary and historical origins of the Kingdom of Pegu, an old governorship on that “frontier” under the Kingdom of Pagan that was finally established as the center of a new kingdom only by the middle of the fourteenth century. Pegu’s documented origins as a polity, therefore, do not go back to the time of the Buddha as conventional hagiography would have it in the legend that was Lower Myanmar.
Sources for the Reconstruction of Pegu
Authors: Aung-Thwin Michael A.
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals mainly with the most important indigenous language texts that have been used in the present book for reconstructing the history of the kingdom of Pegu. Some of the indigenous sources, particularly of the chronicle genre, include much later interpolations (most are copies), while none of them is contemporaneous to the events or individuals they described except for one contemporary Chinese source. In addition to these texts, and in contrast, are the archaeological and epigraphic records. The latter are inscribed largely inscribed in Middle Mon, most of which are contemporary and original to the period under study. All such available information is used to reconstruct the Kingdom of Pegu.
The Historical Legacy of the First Pegu Dynasty
Authors: Aung-Thwin Michael A.
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on the tangible as well as intangible legacies of the First Pegu Kingdom. It asks whether or not Pegu’s history produced individuals, events, ideas, and institutions that were longer-lasting than themselves, with consequences for the country as a whole, particularly the state. It asks how these legacies affected the country’s subsequent history and one’s understanding (and misunderstanding) of it. The answers show a mixed picture: while the kingdom of Pegu contributed little to the art, language, and literature of Myanmar, especially compared to Pagan and Ava, it did leave a lasting legacy in terms of: a reformed Theravada Buddhism, the idea of a legitimate maritime capital, a woman sovereign, and a contentious historiography.
Conclusion
Authors: Aung-Thwin Michael A.
Published: January 2018

The relationship between Ava and Pegu was a symbiotic dualism: of time, space and type. Ava was not only a reformulation of something old, and Pegu, the genesis of something new, but as one was located in the agrarian Dry Zone and the other, on the commercial coasts, each was historically, materially, and in terms of general character, distinct. Whereas the Kingdom of Ava was essentially the resurrection of an old kingdom—Pagan writ small—Pegu was a new kingdom composed of new leaders, people, and cultures. Ava was a familiar, Upper Myanmar polity: the same material environment and demographic base, the same economic, social and political institutions, the same language, writing system, cosmology, and culture. Pegu, on the other hand, was a new, independent kingdom of Lower Myanmar, led by newcomers (the Mon speakers) who had migrated from what later became Thailand. Yet, because both Ava and Pegu were built on the same foundations (Pagan), both had certain common elements. They shared virtually the same religion and thought systems; similar social customs, values, and mores; familiar political and administrative principles; a common, even if contested, history; and certainly the same writing system. Whatever the dissimilarities were, they did not produce a binary situation of two irreconcilably antagonistic ethnic entities—Burman and Mon as convention has it—rather, these dissimilarities created a dualism of geo-political and cultural differences whose energy and dynamism came from the tension created precisely by those differences. In fact, Ava and Pegu’s relationship not only epitomized Southeast Asia’s “upstream-downstream” paradigm common throughout much of its history, it continues today in Naypyidaw and Yangon.
Acoustic Ladies
Authors: Wang Yiman
Published: January 2018

July 1935, a British newspaper reported, “China’s own most famous actress, Miss Butterfly Wu, of Shanghai, shook hands yesterday with Hollywood’s most famous Chinese star, Miss Anna May Wong,” at a reception in honor of both Wu and Mei Lan-fang, “China’s leading stage actor.”  All three performers became involved in filmmaking as it was emerging into a new dominant entertainment industry. Interestingly, if Mei needed to foreground the visual choreography at the expense of his vocal performance in 1920 when some of his repertoire pieces were filmed as silent shorts, Wong and Wu played a key role in ushering in the talkie era with their singing voice.  This chapter explores how the two instances of female singing voice were triangulated and intermediated with Mei Lanfang’s female impersonation derived from Peking Opera on the one hand, and on the other hand, remediated through new filming and recording technologies at the cusp the sound era.  It thus unpacks the cultural phenomenon of the emerging female singing voice, using it as a lens to examine the reconfiguration of gendered performance and performative gender identity in relation to colonial modernity and cosmopolitanism, national identity and international aspirations.
On Becoming Nora
Authors: Beus Yifen
Published: January 2018

Henrik Ibsen’s work Nora in A Doll’s House was a timely and influential inspiration to Chinese writers particularly in advocating gender equality and it offered a role model for many a Chinese woman to ‘walk out’ (of household/family bounds) during an era when China looked to the West to reform its society traditionally governed by Confucian principles. ‘To choose the path of Nora’ was a public statement the female singer Zhou Xuan made in 1941 when she announced her ‘walking out’ of her marriage with the famed composer husband Yan Hua. As China’s pop diva with a ‘golden voice’ in the late 1930s and the 40s, Zhou has been credited by cultural historians and musicologists to have popularized a music trend that fused Western jazz and Chinese folk tunes. Her stardom legitimized her role as a cultured, virtuous and sympathized female singer, a profession and public image that was no longer scrutinized as it had been in the 1920s. Highlighting Zhou’s cross-media performance and her ‘walking out’ as a female public figure in this case study, this paper aims to fill the gap between the readings of music and film experts by examining Zhou’s life and career as a performer.
Malay Women Singers of Colonial Malaya
Authors: Beng Tan Sooi
Published: January 2018

Popular Malay music developed in Malaya in tandem with socio-political transformations which took place as a result of British colonialism. It was at this time that a new type of local commodified urban popular music known as lagu Melayu (Malay song) emerged to entertain the multiethnic urban audiences from different social and class backgrounds. This new music was shaped by the convergence of the new social conditions, technology such as print, gramophone, radio, film, microphones, cultural forms, and performance sites that emerged. By examining the song styles and texts of 78 rpm recordings of Lagu Melayu, oral interviews with performers, and published texts of the colonial period, this chapter illustrates how the new popular music accorded women performing artists voice and agency to negotiate dominant discourses regarding modern colonial subjectivity and gender. Women singers promoted a type of vernacular modernity that was not defined solely in European terms butwas characterized by continuity, difference, and hybridity. The musical recordings and stories of their lives reveal the complex polyvocal and sometimes contradictory experiences of women performers in colonial Malaya.
Diva Misora Hibari as Spectacle of Postwar Japan’s Modernity
Authors: Yano Christine R.
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines Japan’s premiere diva of popular song, Misora Hibari (1937-1989) as a child star who grows up in postwar Japan.  It asks, what kinds of gendered negotiations between childhood and adulthood does the child star have to make, in what kinds of historical contexts, and to what effects?  And finally, how does the shoujo – here, the child star diva – help define the period?  This chapter covers not only the period of the late 1940s and 1950s when Misora Hibari was credited with boosting the Japanese public morale as the spunky singing orphan, but also the period that followed – the Jet Age of the 1960s and 1970s – as a site of national negotiations of modernity through the images of Hibari the diva. This essay contends that Misora Hibari’s star text enacted postwar Japan’s supra-text, particularly during the years when she occupied media and stage as the shoujo orphan, “Tokyo Kid.” Both nation and child star alike performed themselves as spunky orphans – even nascent cosmopolitans – while masking the hard-hitting realities of the period.  It is the intensity of the diva and her life – both on- and off-stage, transmitted aurally and figuratively – that makes of her a parable of modernity.
Titiek Puspa
Authors: Weintraub Andrew N.
Published: January 2018

Chanteuse and composer Titiek Puspa (1937-) vocalized the tensions and contradictions of gendered modernity in Indonesia during the socially turbulent 1960s and 1970s. This period of Indonesian history is divided politically by first president Sukarno’s anti-imperialist “Old Order” (Orde Lama, 1950-1965) and second president Suharto’s pro-Western “New Order” (Orde Baru, 1966-1998). Titiek Puspa (hereafter Titiek) cultivated a proximity to state power – to Sukarno, one of Indonesia’s founding fathers, and Suharto, the “Father of Development” (Bapak Pembangunan) – that amplified her voice and enabled it to circulate more widely and freely than other female singers. However, she was not a mouthpiece of these divergent political “orders”; that is, her relatively autonomous voice did not align neatly with either regime. Titiek’s voice and body were contested terrain in both presidential regimes; they patronized and celebrated her, but also wanted to control her. The patriarchal orders used her as a symbol of proper womanhood in her role as wife and mother, but she developed an image as an independent and successful modern woman who supported her husbands and other family members. Titiek Puspa played an important role in each regime’s ideology of modernity, but she also articulated the disjuncture between a woman’s voice and the reigning political order.
Mainstreaming Dance Music and Articulating Femininity
Authors: Kim Hee-sun
Published: January 2018

Korean pop music, or K-pop, has emerged and taken its dominant place since the turn of this century, but its girl groups can trace their lineage back to the 1990s, while the dance music so characteristic of K-pop began in the dance music boom of the 1980s. This chapter examines the music, image, and performance styles of female dance divas from the 1980s into the 2000s. Its purpose is threefold: first, to properly historicize the female dance singers of Korean pop music within their socio-cultural contexts and trace how the image of sexuality has evolved from those early dance divas to the K-pop girl groups of today; second, to examine the ways in which multi-dimensional cultural meanings and voices are constructed through the music, performance styles, and images, atop discourses of body, gender, and sexuality; and third, to dispute earlier assumptions about Korean female dance singers as being merely innocent victims of the globalized commercial entertainment industry and patriarchal systems. This study seeks to reveal the female dance singers as major subjectivities in shaping modern Korean popular music, a role inevitably overshadowed by the strong critical discourse on K-pop girls that emphasizes their sexuality.
Introduction
Authors: Rhodes Robert F.
Published: January 2018

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
The Growth of Pure Land Buddhism in the Heian Period
Authors: Rhodes Robert F.
Published: January 2018

This chapter first discusses how Pure Land Buddhism was introduced into the Japanese Tendai school by Ennin (794-864) and gradually became an important presence in the school. The chapter next takes up the volatile religious situation of the tenth century and discusses how Pure Land Buddhism became widely practiced, thanks to the activities of the charismatic miracle-working Kūya (903-972). The chapter closes with an account of Yoshishige no Yasutane (931-997), a noted literati and Pure Land devotee who created the Kangakue (Association for the Encouragement of Learning), one of the earliest associations that included the Pure Land nenbutsu practice among its activities.
Genshin’s Early Years
Authors: Rhodes Robert F.
Published: January 2018

This chapter focuses on Genshin’s early life, from his birth up to the time he secluded himself in Yokawa in the northern outskirts of the Enryakuji, the head Tendai monastery on Mt. Hiei. It also discusses the life of Genshin’s teacher Ryōgen (912-985), since the factionalism on Mt. Hiei which was aggravated by Ryōgen’s actions to extend his authority within the monastery played a major role in Genshin’s decision to seclude himself in Yokawa.
Genshin and Pure Land Buddhism
Authors: Rhodes Robert F.
Published: January 2018

This chapter takes up Genshin’s involvement with Pure Land Buddhism after he secluded himself in Yokawa. It first discusses Genshin’s Byakugō kanbō, his first (albeit extremely short) work on contemplating Amida, written just shortly after he turned to the Pure Land faith. Then it provides a brief outline of the Ōjōyōshū. Finally, the chapter ends with a lengthy analysis of the Nijūgo zanmaie, a Pure Land association in which Genshin took a leading role.
E Ola Mau: Insights on Pathways to Health
Authors: Blaisdell Richard Kekuni , Look Mele A. , Werner Kamuela , Young Benjamin
Published: January 2018

Esteemed emeritus medical school founding-faculty member, leader in the Native Hawaiian sovereignty movement, Native Hawaiian health advocate, and revered kupuna Richard Kekuni Blaisdell provides a reflective history of his path into medicine, and insights into establishing health for Ka Lāhui Hawai‘i.
From Kalo to Kauka: Becoming a Native Hawaiian Physician
Authors: Lee Malia-Susanne , Young Benjamin , Gaddis Courtney Kielemaikalani , Beckwith Nina Leialoha , Naomi Sasha , Hayashi Kehaulani , Fernandes Treschuk , Kaalouahi Winona , Lee Mesiona
Published: January 2018

The Pathway to medicine is difficult. Ancient Native Hawaiian healers, Kahuna Lāʻau Lapaʻau, were identified at early ages and taught the practice of healing by their elders. As the Hawaiian world becomes westernized, the need for Kahuna Lāʻau Lapaʻau and for Native Hawaiian physicians increases. The Native Hawaiian Center of Excellence works to plant the seeds of inspiration and encourages Hawaiʻi’s youth to open their hearts and minds to serving the community with all of the skills they develop whether it is in the western or the Native Hawaiian ways of healing. Our ultimate goal is to improve the health of Native Hawaiians through nurturing students on​ the pathway into health professions, advancing research, and engaging our communities. This chapter provides stories of a few Native Hawaiian physicians as they found their call to healing in the western world.
Linking Hawaiian Concepts of Health with Epigenetic Research: Implications in Developing Indigenous Scientists
Authors: Ko‘omoa Dana-Lynn T. , Maunakea Alika K.
Published: January 2018

Inherent in the traditional native Hawaiian concept of health is the understanding that environmental factors, including nutrition and social behaviors, trans-generationally impact health outcomes in individuals and communities. Epigenetic mechanisms may now explain molecular links between these environmental factors and health outcomes. This article explores the epigenetic concepts present in ancient Hawaiian wisdom of health and highlights this link as a basis for forging a pathway to modern careers in the health sciences to address diseases of health disparities among native Hawaiians and Pacific peoples.
Research, Hula, and Health
Authors: de Silva Māpuana , Look Mele A. , Tolentino Kalehua , Maskarinec Gregory G.
Published: January 2018

The culturally-grounded “Hula Empowering Lifestyle Adaptation (HELA) Study: Benefits of Dancing Hula for Cardiac Rehabilitation,” developed a cardiac rehabilitation program based on learning hula. Classes were taught by esteemed Kumu Hula Māpuana de Silva of Hālau Mōhala ʻIlima. Afterward the completion of the study, the Kumu reflected on important lessons learned, possible directions forward, ways to use the values of hula and Native Hawaiian culture to promote better health, and, of particular significance, key ways to preserve cultural integrity when using hula to treat chronic disease or as an exercise activity. Here she shares her thoughts in a conversation with members of the University of Hawai‘i’s Department of Native Hawaiian Health of the John A. Burns School of Medicine.
Wild Articulations
Authors: Neale Timothy
Published: January 2018

This book examines issues of environmentalism and indigeneity in Northern Australia through the controversy surrounding the Wild Rivers Act 2005 (Qld). Like much of the north, one terrain of the Act – the massive Cape York Peninsula – has long been constructed as a ‘wild’ space, whether as terra nullius, a zone of legal exception or a biodiverse wilderness region in need of conservation. The past two decades, however, have seen two major changes in the political and social composition of the region, the first being the legal recognition of geographically extensive Indigenous land rights and the creation of a corporate infrastructure to govern them. The second is that the peninsula has been the centre of national debates regarding the market integration and social normalisation of Indigenous people, becoming the locale for intensive reform of some ‘Indigenous’ policy. Ironically, the Queensland government’s own attempts to ‘settle’ land use through the Actbrought out the tensions within the region’s present political formation. This book takes an interdisciplinary approach to the examination of how and why the controversy occurred and what it indicates about present imaginaries of the governance and potentiality of Indigenous lands and waters. It shows that historically embedded forms of ‘wildness’ continue to shape debates about Northern Australia’s future, debates in which economic and social development are often confused and conceptualised as beneficent transformations. Ultimately, Wild Articulations contends that close consideration of this event provides insights into the future dilemmas of development and conservation in remote Australia.
Reading the Wild Rivers Act Controversy
Authors: Neale Timothy
Published: January 2018

Today, there is a shift in the representations of Northern Australia and its environments. While Indigenous stakeholders have come to the forefront of debates, and the existence of ‘natural values’ and Indigenous ownership have become relatively uncontroversial, environmentalists and environmental regulation have been widely criticized. Chapter 2 surveys media coverage of the controversyin order to better understand these and other recent trends in environmental politics both nationally and internationally. In surveying media narratives, I show how the controversy provides an opportune moment to audit media coverage of Indigenous issues and its decisions regarding who was able to speak authoritatively for and about Northern Australia and its rivers. What remained consistent was the presentation of the region as both a remote and pristine environment and an essentially Indigenous domain, underdeveloped due to ‘meddling greenies’. If these were, as stakeholders largely agreed, ‘wild rivers,’ then what does their wildness now count for and for whom?
Assembling Peninsula Politics
Authors: Neale Timothy
Published: January 2018

In interpreting the legislation, journalists and other third parties typically recycled rather than interrogated the historical contexts brought to bear by stakeholders. Reading this coverage, the controversy seemed to be the product of a singularly capable actor – the Act – rather than the renewal of existing conflicts. In fact, a mix of interests have contested the region’s future since the first grants of Indigenous land title in the mid-1980s. Chapter 3 presents a deeper understanding of the controversy’s legal and political conditions-of-possibility by examining the two histories consistently cited by stakeholders. Examining these events and their concurrent legal reforms, Chapter 3 shows that the controversy is the product of previous uncoordinated attempts to ‘settle’ Indigenous political concerns, both progressively and regressively, through contracts. As contractualism has become the naturalized mode of recognizing Indigenous land interests, agreements have themselves given Indigenous groups greater political influence while failing to resolve questions regarding the rights of governments and others to intervene in the governance and exploitation of country.
Performance of a membrane bioreactor in extreme concentrations of bisphenol A
Authors: Ouarda Yassine , Zolfaghari Mehdi , Drogui Patrick , Seyhi Brahima , Buelna Gerardo , Dubé Rino
Published: January 2018

In this study, a submerged membrane bioreactor was used to study the effect of low and high bisphenol A (BPA) concentration on the sludge biological activity. The pilot was operated over 540 days with hydraulic retention time and solid retention time of 5.5 hours and 140 days, respectively. As a hydrophobic compound, BPA was highly adsorbed by activated sludge. In lower concentrations, the biodegradation rate remained low, since the BPA concentration in the sludge was lower than 0.5 mg/g TS; yet, at an influent concentration up to 15 mg/L, the biodegradation rate was increasing, resulting in 99% BPA removal efficiency. The result for chemical oxygen demand removal showed that BPA concentration has no effect on the heterotrophic bacteria that were responsible for the organic carbon degradation. In higher concentrations, up to 16 mg of BPA was used for each gram of sludge as a source of carbon. However, the activity of autotrophic bacteria, including nitrifiers, was completely halted in the presence of 20 mg/L of BPA or more. Although nitrification was stopped after day 400, ammonia removal remained higher than 70% due to air stripping. Assimilation by bacteria was the only removal pathway for phosphorus, which resulted in an average 35% of P-PO4 removal efficiency.
The use of alternative fertilizers to increase soil fertility and yield of sunflower in North-Eastern Kazakhstan
Authors: Kulzhanova Saltanat Mukataevna , Botbaeva Zhanar , Muhammadkarimov Kizatolda
Published: January 2018

The article contains data from studies conducted in 2015–2016 in the North-Еastern part of Kazakhstan. In the experiments the effect of various doses of non-traditional fertilizer together with mineral fertilizer on the yield of sunflower was investigated. Various doses and ratios of mineral fertilizers have been applied, which can affect the yield of sunflower. As a source material, varieties of sunflower of Russian breeding Zarya and a hybrid of Fortimi USA breeding and non-traditional fertilizers – zeolite are taken. In order to determine the effect on the fertility of soils, the agrochemical characteristics of soils in land areas and the content of mobile forms of nutrients were studied. The main agrochemical characteristics and content of mobile forms of nutrients for soil of land plots are investigated in the article.
The facilitative orientation of the teacher as a base condition for the organization of group work with the elementary school students
Authors: Maslova Elena Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2018

The questions connected with the organization of group work with the elementary school students are revised in this article as well as its object, objectives, advantages and difficulties which may occur during the preparation work. The author reveals the essence and meaning of the pedagogical facilitation and draws attention that one of the conditions for its effective organization is the pedagogical facilitation of the teacher and the safe educational environment. The pedagogical facilitation is being reviewed though the following components: emotionally-cognitive, praxeologically-behavioural, reflexive ones.
The psychological conditions of the teacher-linguist’s professional personality development
Authors: Sorokoumova Galina Veniaminovna
Published: January 2018

The article considers some psychological conditions of the teacher-linguist’s professional personality development at the stage of choosing career, at the stage of mastering profession and at the stage of realization oneself in profession. The author has also noted that a high level of creativity might contribute to the teacher-linguist’s professional personality development and to the teacher-linguist’s professionalism.
Informatization of regional education organizations management: the experience of Sevastopol
Authors: Danilchenko Sergey Leonidovich
Published: January 2018

According to the author, automated information systems play a significant role in successful implementation of the strategy of modern Russian education. The use of information technologies in management in the aspect of improving the quality of education contributes to a change in functional responsibilities and the role of manager, change of organizational structure of management, the emergence of a certain regulation performance, changes in ways of management of an educational institution as a whole.
Analysis of methods and approaches of solving problems with multi-criteria choice in conditions of uncertainty
Authors: Gusev Sergey Sergeevich
Published: January 2018

The article deals with analysis of methods and approaches solving problems with multi-criteria choice in conditions of uncertainty; describes the theory of multidimensional utility theory of fuzzy sets Zadeh and method of analysis of hierarchies Saaty decision-making in multiobjective multidimensional systems. The author has also provided the analysis of the management of nuclear power plants on the subcritical level. Pareto-optimization approach of control has been used as methods of resource management. It explores the work of the optimization algorithm solutions consisting of two stages.
Patriotism in Russia
Authors: Krivosheev Vladimir Viacheslavovich
Published: January 2018

The paper presents an analysis of the development of the system of modern upbringing of patriotism among young people. The characteristic of the main aspects of work in the teenage environment is given. The advantages and disadvantages of modern patriotic programs are singled out, the role of patriotic education in modern Russian society is revealed. The role of school and family as the basic principles of the formation of the moral-patriotic consciousness of the child is singled out. It is noted that the formation of a civic position is possible only on the basis of feelings of duty and responsibility rooted in the mind of the individual.