bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Plasma Actuator Effect on the Flow Characteristics of an Airfoil: An LES Investigation
Authors: Pendar Mohammad Reza , Pascoa Jose
Published: March 2021

The impetus of this study is to investigate the effect of using multi dielectric-barrier-discharge plasma actuator (DBDPA) over the 3D-airfoil surface and improve the performance of it. Two designed DBDPAs are placed at the leading edge and a distance of x/c = 0.3 chord of the NACA 634-021 three dimensional (3D) airfoil. We solved the flow at different chord-based Reynolds numbers and in a wide range of angles of attack (AoA) (12∘ ≤ α ≤ 24∘), using a large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model, which is implemented under the OpenFOAM package framework. Here, detailed flow mechanism analyses, i.e., three-dimensional vortical structure, separation phenomenon, lift and drag coefficients, variation fluctuations and spanwise flow, are investigated around the airfoil 3D. Massive flow separation and transient aerodynamic loads acting on the airfoil have been significantly suppressed by optimized flow control using the DBDPAs in the airfoil. Wavelet analysis with and without the presence of the plasma flow over an airfoil is reported. The spectral content of the induced plasma flow is analyzed using Fourier and continuous wavelet transformations. Also, the priority of using airfoil with multi-DBDPAs at pre-stall and post-stall AoA, especially about the force coefficient are analyzed precisely. Multi DBDPA modification for low Reynolds number on wings and blade turbines can increase efficiency and decrease the noise.
The Dream Effect of Waking Thought, Experience, and Illness: A Research Proposal
Authors:   Brandman University, PSYU 304: Research Methods for the Behavioral Sciences Professor Caroline Dias, N. Lara Alexandria
Published: March 2021

Dream imagery and frequency amongst individuals who are victims of amputation, depression, anxiety, trauma, and many mental disorders, have produced similar content results across the board of many studies. Specifics of other biological and physiological factors that contribute to such content are also examined in the data presented, along with specific case studies that have resulted in self-reported statistics that demonstrate the outcome and impact of waking-day stressors, experiences, and state/trait anxiety on sleeping individuals. Previous data has been collected on dream content recorded amongst amputees, individuals who experienced dreams while undergoing mental disorders, dreams that were supposedly induced with familiar scents, and other outside factors that contributed to the purpose of the study. Further examination of participants is proposed, along with information given on sampling methods, study techniques, and possible outcomes.
A TURIZMUS, MINT A VIDÉKI TÉRSÉGEK KITÖRÉSI LEHETŐSÉGE
Authors: Kovács Edit Veronika
Published: March 2021

A cikk célja a turizmus, mint a vidéki térségek fejlődését támogató jelenség bemutatása. A turizmus gazdaságra gyakorolt jótékony hatásai a beruházások és a munkaerőpiac területén is jelentkeznek. A turizmus képes pozitív hatást gyakorolni a lakosság egészségi állapotára is, nem kis részben a sportnak köszönhetően. A vidéki térségek turisztikai fejlesztései eredményeként a mezőgazdasági munkavállalással felhagyó állampolgárok a szolgáltató szektorban helyezkedhetnek el.
Extralobar pulmonary sequestrations hiding congenital diaphragmatic defects: A case series
Authors: Negri Elisa , Cantone Noemi , Severi Elisa , Belli Gilda , Tocchioni Francesca , Centonze Nicola , Ciardini Enrico , Noccioli Bruno
Published: March 2021

Background: Association between pulmonary sequestration and diaphragmatic hernia is well known. Extralobar sequestrations are masses of the non-functioning lung, surrounded by separate pleura, without bronchial communication, and with a systemic arterial blood supply. They may be placed in the thorax, within the diaphragm, or rarely in a sub-diaphragmatic position.
Case Series: We present three cases of extra-lobar extra-thoracic pulmonary sequestrations associated with different types of diaphragmatic defects.  In none of the three cases, the diaphragmatic defect was detected prenatally.
Conclusion: Pulmonary sequestration may be involved in the embryological origin of the diaphragmatic defect. Simultaneously, it acts as an anatomical barrier and prevents the herniation of the abdominal content into the thorax. If extralobar pulmonary sequestration is diagnosed prenatally, a coexistent diaphragmatic hernia should always be considered.
Hiding in plain sight: the 'relationship' in peer assisted learning in higher education
Authors: Garcia-Melgar Ana , East Julianne , Meyers Noel
Published: March 2021

Relationships underpin peer learning; however, they remain under-researched and under -theorised. We propose a model to identify factors that contribute to relationships in Peer Assisted Learning (PAL). Our model integrates three discrete bodies of knowledge: previous studies of PAL affordances, a synthesis of understandings drawn from learning theories, and studies of peer relationships in business and education. Our model features two components: social and cognitive congruence that deliver sustained PAL improvements. To evaluate the contributions of social and cognitive congruence to successful PAL outcomes, we evaluated four theoretical scenarios based on presence and/or absence of these factors. In each case, variations in social and cognitive congruence and mediating factors can potentially vary the quality of learning outcomes, student interactions, and engagement in PAL. Our scenarios can be employed to evaluate areas of targeted improvement in PAL. We discuss the implications of our model for PAL research and practice.
Neither ‘bolt-on’ nor ‘built-in’: benefits and challenges of developing an integrated skills curriculum through a partnership model
Authors: Cairns James , Hervey Tamara , Johnson Oliver
Published: March 2021

All universities are seeking to develop their students’ skills. Typically, they deploy either or both an independent ‘skills’ offering, separate from disciplinary learning (‘bolt-on’); and/or individual academic staff embedding skills assessment in some modules (‘built-in’). What are the drawbacks of ‘bolt-on’ and ‘built-in’? To what extent does a partnership model, involving an integrated and longitudinal skills curriculum, resolve those drawbacks? Under what circumstances is this possible? What are the main barriers? We present a case study of a major curriculum development in the School of Law at the University of Sheffield to argue that the benefits of partnership probably outweigh either ‘bolt-on’ or ‘built-in’. However, some of the enablers and inhibitors associated with contemporary higher education (HE) may suggest that ‘built-in’ is more viable. This is not primarily because of the difficulties of engaging academic disciplinary specialists; rather it is better explained by structural and institutional rigidities. We therefore recommend courage to take a long view, to aim high, and to celebrate small successes.
It’s learning development, Jim - but not as we know it: academic literacies in third-space
Authors: Abegglen Sandra , Burns Tom , Sinfield Sandra
Published: March 2021

This paper maps our experience of conceptualising and teaching an interdisciplinary first-year undergraduate ‘Higher Education Orientation’ module against the seminal paper written by Lea and Street in 1998. We argue for third spaces within the curriculum and for practices that re-imagine what education is and what the university could be.
Negotiating feedback: lecturer perceptions of feedback dissatisfaction
Authors: Burns Adam
Published: March 2021

This study analyses lecturersÃ¢â¬â¢ perceptions of feedback provided to university undergraduates and why in many cases it appears to prove so unsatisfactory to students. Recent research into the issue of feedback in higher education (HE) suggests that most existing studies on the subject have focused on students, whereas there is far less work on teachers in relation to formative learning (Bailey, 2008; Bailey and Garner, 2010). Indeed, Evans (2013) notes that only 7.1% of research articles she explored in her wide-ranging review of existing assessment and feedback literature focused exclusively on lecturer perspectives. Therefore, in addition to considering the findings of existing literature, this study explores the results of five interviews with HE History lecturers to explore their understanding of the issue of student dissatisfaction with feedback.
Empowering students to promote independent learning : A project utilising coaching approaches to support learning and personal development.
Authors: Gurbutt Dawne Joy , Gurbutt Russell
Published: March 2021

With the publication of the UK White Paper (BIS, 2011) focusing onstudent experience, together with the increase in tuition fees and the changing landscape of higher education, there is an interest within the sector to explore initiatives that enhance the learning process. Coaching, as already used in management and some NHS settings, offers an approach which seeks to enable and empower learners and has the potential to contribute to their personal development, facilitating solution-focused approaches which are transferable to the workplace. Teaching staff in a Higher Education Institution were offered training in coaching techniques and formed a peer support coaching network. They were subsequently encouraged to use coaching skills in a range of student settings. This paper focuses on an evaluation of a teaching and learning initiative that used coaching approaches with two groups of healthcare students (totalling 19) over 2 semesters in the 2012-2013 academic year. The aim was to enhance the student experience in relation to self-motivation, personal development planning and the development ofsolution-focused approaches. The evaluation drew upon student feedback and conversations with staff in the coaching network.The evaluation highlighted the benefits of coaching; student preferences and expectations; new learning experiences of staff and the relevance of coaching approaches in other specific educational settings. The evaluation demonstrated how coaching adds value; providing students with the opportunity to develop workplace skills; and offering staff a solution-focused tool which may be particularly useful when facing change in workplace settings. Importantly it gives participants a creative space to engage with contemporary challenges and educators a 'new' tool to facilitate participation and nurture engagement in a non-directive way.
Are we all on the same page? Teacher, graduate and student perceptions of the importance of skills thought to enhance employability.
Authors: Furnell Julie , Scott Graham William
Published: March 2021

Graduate employability is a key issue for Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), academic faculty and of course for students themselves. It is recognised that to be employable graduates require both discipline specific skills/knowledge and more generic skills for employment. A key step to the development of the latter is an understanding of their significance on the part of those designing courses and the students who take them. Here we compare the perceived importance of key skills from the perspective of teachers, current students and recent graduates. We find that the three groups differ in the relative importance they ascribe to several key skills.ÃÂ  Staff rated all skills as being important and saw many as being more important than did their students.ÃÂ  With hindsight, graduates prioritized skills that were not seen as being very important by current students.ÃÂ  As a result of our synthesizing the views of current undergraduates, employed graduates and lecturing staff, we recommend that proper signposting of the significance of key skills to students is vital.
Improvement of oil and gas field development technology
Authors:   Caspian Public University (CU), Kazakhstan, Nuranbayeva B. M. , Oryngozhin E. S. , Alaguzov D. R. ,   D.A. Kunayev Mining Institute, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2021

During the period of depletion of the main oil reserves in fields entering the last stage of development due to the priority development of highly productive highly permeable reservoirs, an increasing proportion of residual reserves become difficult to recover.Therefore, it becomes relevant to use effective methods of increasing oil recovery in existing fields, most of the original volume of geological reserves remains in the deposits. One of these methods is unsteady waterflooding, which has proven its effectiveness in a number of fields.
Prerequisites for the emergence and importance of strategic planning in the activities of modern enterprises
Authors:   Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau State University, Kazakhstan, Demessinov Т. Zh. , Konuspaev R. K. ,   Sh. Ualikhanov Kokshetau State University, Kazakhstan, Oralbaeva Zh. Z. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the emergence and importance of strategic planning in the activities of modern enterprises, the need for more effective procedures and strategic planning systems. Particular attention is paid to the dynamics of the spread and introduction of the strategic planning system in the practice of management of American companies in the 70s early 80s. The constructive role of long-term planning in the further evolution of intrafirm strategic planning is seen in the fact that, as its shortcomings were revealed, the possible and necessary ways to eliminate them became clearer. It is possible to conclude that the processes of diversification had a very direct impact on the creation of conceptual approaches that formed the basis for strategic planning. Primarily, the segmentation of the entire range of business operations of the firm is dividing them according to certain pre-selected criteria into internally more or less homogeneous and, therefore, more manageable parts. A definite step in this direction has already been taken with a broad introduction into corporate practice of a divisional (or separate) organizational structure.
Investments in agriculture in the region
Authors:   West-Kazakhstan Innovative- Technological University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurmanova G. K. , Sukhanberdina B. B. ,   West-Kazakhstan Innovative- Technological University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kim A. A. ,   West-Kazakhstan Innovative- Technological University, Republic of Kazakhstan, Urazova B. A. ,   West-Kazakhstan Innovative- Technological University, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: March 2021

The agro-industrial complex of the West Kazakhstan region is an important sector of the regional economy to ensure food security and employment. It is based on agriculture. Effective development of agriculture requires investment. To ensure sustainable development of agriculture, it is necessary to create favorable conditions for lending to enterprises of various levels and improve support for the region, using the optimal development strategy and investment. It is also necessary to take into account the main trends in the development of agro-industrial sectors in the region and the main factors affecting the increase in the investment attractiveness of agriculture.
Technical solution for providing optimal seeding depth and improving the contact of small seed crops with wet soil when seeding
Authors:   Kostanay Engineering and Economic University named after M. Dulatov, Kazakhstan, Shayakhmetov A. B.
Published: March 2021

The article describes an invention that relates to agricultural machinery, namely to seeders for sowing grass seeds and grain crops, in areas with insufficient moisture and soils susceptible to wind erosion. The objective of the invention is to provide the optimum depth of seeding, in particular, of small-seeded crops and herbs, when sowing on treated and untreated backgrounds in soil-protective, minimal and “zero” tillage systems. The technical result of the invention lies in the fact that the distinguishing features of a grain-seeder seeder provide an optimal seeding depth and improved contact of small-seeded crops, in particular grass seeds with moist soil, when sowing in soil-protective, minimal and “zero” tillage systems. The proposed seeder, the coulters are rigidly connected to the frame by means of rods, which allows the coulters to withstand the same predetermined depth on soils of different hardness. The initial formation of sowing grooves is carried out installed before the coulters, in their longitudinal plane of symmetry, at an angle 55-65 degrees to the horizontal, revolving cutter knives with a wear-resistant coating of the working part. There are two packer roller rollers pivotally connected to the frame with a cylindrical rim, while the batteries are spring loaded with the ability to adjust the pressure of the rollers on the soil.
Economy offshoring in the national economic security
Authors: Hobela Volodymyr
Published: March 2021

This study considers the features of modern development of economic systems – intensification of offshoring of economy, which forms the relevance of the study. The purpose of the study is to perform a theoretical analysis of offshoring, to establish its impact on the national economic security and to develop ways to de-offshoring the economy. The methodological basis of the study were general scientific and special methods of cognition, including methods of dialectical cognition, theoretical generalisation and abstraction, methods of economic and statistical analysis, induction, deduction, and synthesis. The study analyses the volume of offshore capital outflows, the volume of tax asymmetry and the volume of offshore economies of different countries, including Ukraine. Proceeding from the analysis data, the study indicated the threatening volumes of offshoring in the modern economy. In addition, the study provided the theoretical analysis of the offshoring process in the system of national economic security, establishing the main reasons, advantages and disadvantages of this process for the national economy. The main threats posed by offshoring the economy and national economic security are highlighted. The definition of the concepts of offshoring and deoffshoring is formed taking into account their security-related importance. It was discovered that a considerable share of the withdrawn capital is returned to the national economy in the form of so-called "round-trip" investments. It is concluded that it is necessary to factor in their safety value for the economy when implementing measures to reduce their volume. The study analysed the ratio of withdrawn capital and external debt of different countries and found that Ukraine is one of the leading countries according to this indicator. The main ways of de-offshoring the Ukraine's economy and ensuring the economic security of the state have been developed
Facial Plexiform Neurofibroma as an Intraparotid Nodule: A Rare Case Presentation
Authors: Afroz Nishat , Rabindranath Divya , Sherwani Rana K , Quadri Shakeba
Published: March 2021

Neurofibromas of salivary gland are very rare and account for only 0.4% of all salivary gland neoplasms. Plexiform type of neurofibromas are predominantly seen in a scenario of neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1) association, but solitary plexiform neurofibroma has also been occasionally reported. We present a report of this variant in a 17-year-old male who is presented with a slow-growing painless swelling in the right preauricular region for 8-month duration. Microscopic examination revealed multiple cell types including Schwann cells, perineurial cells, axons, lymphocytes, mast cells, and endoneurial fibroblasts. Immunostaining with S100 confirmed the neural origin.

How to cite this article: Qadri S, Rabindranath D, Quadri S, et al. Facial Plexiform Neurofibroma as an Intraparotid Nodule: A Rare Case Presentation. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2020;12(1):8–10.
An Unusual Giant Pleomorphic Adenoma of Submandibular Salivary Gland: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Gupta Devang P , Shah Chaitry K , Prajapati Bela J , Gupta Shalu , Prajapati Viral J
Published: March 2021

Pleomorphic adenoma is the most common benign tumor of salivary glands. Eighty percent of pleomorphic adenomas occur in the parotid gland, 10% in the submandibular gland, and 10% in minor salivary glands and sublingual glands. In this case report, we aim to present the unusually giant presentation of submandibular gland pleomorphic adenoma and its management of a 52-year-old female patient who presented to us with a swelling in the right submandibular region for the last 5 years. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) suggested salivary gland origin. Ultrasonography of the neck revealed a well-defined large lobulated heterogeneous echotexture lesion with few cystic areas within and showing internal vascularity in the right submandibular region. Computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a large lobulated heterogeneously enhancing mass of 15 cm × 13 cm in the right submandibular region. The patient underwent right submandibular gland mass excision under general anesthesia. The patient presented good aesthetic and functional results with no clinical and radiographic evidence of recurrence. Being painless and slowly growing, some patients neglect it to such large sizes especially if surgery was a psychological setback for them which can then lead to facial disfigurement and severe pressure symptoms which may be fatal. Giant pleomorphic adenoma of the submandibular gland is a rare finding and should be diagnosed cautiously. Proper treatment is complete surgical excision with removal of the fibrous capsule so as to prevent recurrence.

How to cite this article: Prajapati BJ, Gupta S, Gupta DP, et al. An Unusual Giant Pleomorphic Adenoma of Submandibular Salivary Gland: A Rare Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2020;12(1):14–16.
Processos de formação continuada: alinhando práticas e construindo saberes na Educação Física escolar
Authors: Santos Leontine  Lima dos , Montiel Fabiana Celente , Afonso Mariângela  da Rosa
Published: March 2021

Os processos de formação continuada foram intensificados nos anos de 2018/2019 no município de Rio Grande/RS para atender a legislação vigente. O presente estudo realizado, com 58 professores de Educação Física, objetivou compreender a percepção sobre a participação nos processos formativos propostos e as contribuições na prática pedagógica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, de caráter qualitativo, que utilizou um questionário autoaplicado como instrumento para coleta de dados. A análise de conteúdo permeou a organização, o entendimento e apontou as categorias desenvolvidas. Os professores sinalizam que participar dos processos formativos é uma oportunidade de compartilhamento e troca de experiências, que possibilita a inovação através da busca por novos conteúdos e metodologias de modo a qualificar a sua prática pedagógica, além de ser um espaço propício para o exercício da prática reflexiva, impulsionando as adaptações necessárias aos diferentes contextos.
Journalism and Numeracy in Context: Four Case Studies
Authors: Harrison Steven
Published: March 2021

Although research into the relationship between quantitative literacy (QL) and news reporting is sparse, the consensus among researchers is that journalists tend not to place QL very highly among their professional values and that journalism suffers as a consequence. This paper is an attempt to provide concrete examples of the ways in which news reports systemically misinterpret, misrepresent, or misuse numerical data as part of the reporting process. Drawing on scenarios ranging from elections and healthcare to the mundane world of food preparation, it shows how a lack of rigour in the fields of reporting and news production can lead to a diminution in the quality of journalism presented to the public. It is argued that while the effect of this can sometimes be trivial, on occasion it is literally a matter of life and death.
Prescription opioid use duration and beliefs about pain and pain medication in primary care patients
Authors: Day, PhD Philip , Secrest, MPH Scott , Davis, MD Dawn , Salas, MPH Joanne , Van den Berk-Clark, PhD, MSW Carissa , Kale, PhD, MD, MBA Neelima , Hearing, MPH Catherine , Schneider, MD, MSPH F. David , Scherrer, PhD Jeffrey F. , Investigators ARCHNet
Published: March 2021

Background: Patient beliefs about pain and opioids have been reported from qualitative data. To overcome limitations of unstructured assessments and small sample sizes, we determined if pain and pain medication beliefs varied by chronic pain status and opioid analgesic use (OAU) duration in primary care patients.Methods: Cross-sectional survey data obtained in 2017 and 2018 from 735 patients ≥ 18 years of age. The eight-item Barriers Questionnaire (BQ) measured beliefs about pain and pain medication. Patients reported OAU and use of other pain treatments. Multiple linear regression models estimated the association between never OAU, 1-90 day OAU and >90 day OAU and each BQ item.Results: Overall, respondents were 49.1 (±15.4) years old, 38.7 percent white, 28.4 percent African-American, 23.5 percent Hispanic, and 68.6 percent female. About one-third never used opioids, 41.8 percent had 1-90 day OAU, and 21.6 percent had > 90 day OAU. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that compared to never OAU, > 90 day OAU had lower average agreement that analgesics are addictive (β = −0.50; 95 percent CI: −0.96, −0.03), and 1-90 day OAU (β = −0.53; 95 percent CI: −0.96, −0.10) and > 90 OAU (β = −0.55; 95 percent CI: −1.04, −0.06) had lower average agreement that analgesics make people do or say embarrassing things.Conclusions: Patients with chronic OAU reported less concern about addiction and opioid-related behavior change. Never users were most likely to agree that opioids are addictive. There continues to be a need to educate patients about opioid risks. Assessing patients' beliefs may identify patients at risk for chronic OAU.
Tales from the frontlines: An alarming rise in hospitalizations related to opioid use disorder in the era of COVID-19
Authors: Ivey, MD Noel , Clifton, MD Dana Cooley
Published: March 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has had harmful effects on the opioid epidemic. While a negative effect was predicted, we report on this reality in the hospital setting. We have seen a sharp rise in hospitalized patients with opioid use disorder (OUD). Our data should encourage ongoing efforts to reduce barriers in accessing medications for treatment, harm reduction interventions and additional education for trainees, primary care providers, and hospitalists alike. In the current climate, these interventions are critical to save the lives of patients with OUD.
Opioid prescribing trends: Changes after focused hospital resident education and after subsequent adoption of new state regulations
Authors: Simmons, MD Victoria , Chaudhary, MD Sejul , Hagglund, MS Karen , Hayward, PhD R. David , Edhayan, MD Elango
Published: March 2021

Objective: We examined changes in opioid prescriptions after outpatient laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) before and after (1) an educational intervention for surgical residents and (2) subsequent changes in state regulations for handling these prescriptions.Design: A single-institution retrospective review evaluated opioids prescribed on discharge in morphine milligram equivalents (MMEs) over three periods: Period 1, prior to educational intervention (October 1, 2017 to January 31, 2018); Period 2, after intervention and before regulation changes occurred (February 1, 2018 to May 31, 2018); and Period 3, after changes in regulations went into effect (June 1, 2018 to September 30, 2018).Setting: A large urban teaching hospital in Detroit, Michigan. Patients: All adults receiving outpatient LC during one of the study periods. Patients with a history of regular opioid use prior to surgery were excluded. There were 49 patients in Period 1, 57 in Period 2, and 51 in Period 3.Interventions: All general surgery residents participated in an education session focusing on problems related to opioid addiction, prescribing trends, and multimodal pain control options in February 2018.Main outcome measure: Mean MME per patient was compared between time periods.Results: Average MME was reduced from 87.11 in Period 1 to 65.96 in Period 2 to 51.80 in Period 3. Analysis of variance showed MME differed significantly among the periods. Scheffe post hoc t-tests showed MME prescribed during Periods 2 and 3 were each significantly lower than Period 1, whereas Periods 2 and 3 did not differ significantly.Conclusions: MME prescribed after outpatient LC significantly decreased after the educational intervention and remained low after state mandate went into effect.
Influence of disease severity, smoking status and therapy regimes on leukocyte subsets and their ratios in stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Hlapčić Iva , Vukić Dugac Andrea , Popović-Grle Sanja , Markelić Ivona , Rako Ivana , Rogić Dunja , Rumora Lada
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Blood cells are involved in systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We aimed to assess differences in leukocyte subsets and their ratios between COPD patients and healthy individuals as well as their association with disease severity, smoking status and therapy in COPD.

Material and methods

One hundred and nine patients in the stable phase of COPD and 95 controls participated in the study. After blood sampling, white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NEUTRO), monocytes (MO), lymphocytes (LY) and basophils (BA) were determined on a Sysmex XN-1000 analyser, and ratios were calculated afterwards.

Results

White blood cells, NEUTRO, MO and BA were higher in COPD patients than in controls. Also, COPD patients had increased neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), derived NLR (dNLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), basophil to lymphocyte ratio (BLR), basophil to monocyte ratio (BMR) and monocyte/granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio (M/GLR). Smoking has an impact on leukocyte counts, with BA, BLR and BMR being higher in COPD smokers vs. ex-smokers. Patients with very severe COPD were distinguished from moderate COPD by NLR, dNLR and M/GLR. In addition, those parameters were associated with lung function and dyspnoea, and NLR and dNLR also with multicomponent COPD indices BODCAT and DOSE. Great potential of dNLR, NLR and M/GLR in identifying COPD patients was observed regarding their odds ratios (OR) of 5.07, 2.86, 2.60, respectively (p < 0.001). Common COPD therapy did not affect any of the parameters investigated.

Conclusions

Leukocyte subsets and their ratios could be implemented in COPD assessment, especially in evaluating disease severity and prediction.
Health status and its socio-economic covariates
in the older population in Poland – the assumptions and methods of the nationwide, cross-sectional PolSenior2 survey
Authors: Wierucki Łukasz , Kujawska-Danecka Hanna , Mossakowska Małgorzata , Grodzicki Tomasz , Błędowski Piotr , Chudek Jerzy , Kostka Tomasz , Więcek Andrzej , Hajduk Adam , Bandosz Piotr , Zagożdżon Paweł , Wojtyniak Bogdan , Zdrojewski Tomasz
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Population ageing constitutes an increasing medical, social, and economic burden worldwide. Optimal senior policy should be based on well-assessed knowledge on the prevalence and control of age-related diseases, multimorbidity, disabilities, and their social determinants. The objective of this paper is to describe the assumptions, methods, and sampling procedures of the PolSenior2 survey, which was aimed at characterising the health status of old and very-old adults in Poland.

Material and methods

The project was conducted in the period 2018–2019 as a cross-sectional survey of a representative sample of people aged 60 years and over. Subjects were selected using three-stage stratified and proportional random sampling in seven equally sized (n = 850) age groups. The study protocol consisted of face-to-face interviews, specific geriatric scales and tests, and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements performed by well-trained nurses at participants homes as well as blood and urine sample laboratory tests.

Results

In the Polsenior2 study a group of 5987 subjects underwent the questionnaire parts of the survey, and almost all (n = 5823) agreed to blood or urine sample collection.

Conclusions

In recent decades several studies focused on various aspects of elderly health and life conditions had been carried out in Poland and Central and Eastern Europe. However, none of them is so complex and has covered so many issues as PolSenior2, which is the largest study devoted to the health status of older persons in Poland and one of the largest and the most comprehensive in Europe. The results of the study will help to improve health policy targeted at the elderly population in Poland.
miR-361-3p mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and acute kidney injury by post-transcriptional repression of the myeloid differential protein 88/nuclear factor-kB pathway
Authors: Sun Hongzhi , Zhang Min , Tian Zhenwei , Tian Jiakun
Published: March 2021

Introduction

microRNAs (miRs) have been reported to contribute to sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI). Herein, the roles of miR-361-3p and the underlying mechanism were investigated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced podocyte injury.

Material and methods

After podocyte exposure to LPS (1 mg/ml), proinflammatory cytokines were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); cell apoptosis was evaluated by terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. In vivo septic mice, miR-361-3p agonist, agomir-miR-361-3p (20 nM/0.1 ml), was used to treat LPS-induced AKI.

Results

Our findings reveal a significant elevation of proinflammatory cytokine production, in addition to the development of podocyte apoptosis after LPS stimulation. However, knockdown of myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88 (MyD88) signiﬁcantly prevents podocyte death and suppresses the inflammatory response in LPS-stimulated podocytes. More importantly, MyD88 is a direct target of miR-361-3p that can counteract LPS-induced inflammation and podocyte dysfunction via post-transcriptional repression of MyD88. The rescue experiments provide a confrontational phenomenon between miR-361-3p and MyD88 in LPS-stimulated podocytes, reflecting that overexpression of MyD88 neutralizes the protective effect of miR-361-3p on LPS-stimulated podocyte inflammation and apoptosis. Our results also demonstrate that miR-361-3p agonist alleviates LPS-induced renal injury and activation of the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/MyD88/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) axis.

Conclusions

miR-361-3p suppresses LPS-induced inflammation, podocyte apoptosis and AKI by targeting the MyD88/NF-κB pathway. This may provide a novel strategy for the treatment of sepsis-associated AKI.
Analysis of inflammatory markers in patients with abnormal circadian rhythm of blood pressure
Authors: Agra Néstor , Afonso Ana Teresa , Sande Antón , Veleiro Ignacio , Paz José Enrique , Ameijeiras Álvaro
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Inflammatory status could play a role in alterations of blood pressure (BP) circadian rhythm. The aim of our study is to compare levels of usual inflammatory markers in patients with and without circadian BP abnormalities.

Material and methods

This is a cross-sectional design study with retrospective data analysis which included patients from an Internal Medicine Department with normal and high BP levels older than 18 years who were separated into two groups according to the circadian profile of BP (dipper and non-dipper) based on the results of 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring. Patients were assessed for demographic characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors. We considered as inflammatory markers the platelet count (PTC), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein, ferritin, fibrinogen, and uric acid.

Results

The study included 551 patients (mean age of 54 years, 47% women). The non-dipper group had a higher percentage of individuals with higher ESR (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.23–1.55, p = 0.001), uric acid (OR = 1.50, 95% CI: 1.04–2.16, p = 0.028) and fibrinogen (OR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.18–2.51, p = 0.001) and a higher percentage of patients with higher PTC (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.37–0.78, p = 0.005). These results were independent of age, waist circumference, presence of arterial hypertension, diabetes or hyperlipidemia, and use of antihypertensive drugs including renin angiotensin aldosterone system blockers.

Conclusions

Patients with impaired circadian BP rhythm were associated with an unfavorable inflammatory status independently of BP levels. This fact could play a role in the prognostic differences observed between dipper and non-dipper patients.
Institutional distance
Authors: Krajnović Ana
Published: March 2021

The institutional environment in which multinational companies act is unique and complex. It is unique in the sense that the subsidiaries of multinational companies are facing dual pressures from both the host country and the country of the parent company. Further, the complexity of the environment presumes the need for global integration and the need for the local adaptation. Although some countries are characterized by a more favourable institutional environment for establishing and expanding business, in other countries the institutional environment is a challenge for multinational companies. In this paper, the author will present the current theoretical knowledge and references in already conducted research regarding the institutional distance in the context of multinational companies and their subsidiaries.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN DAN LOKASI TERHADAP LOYALITAS PELANGGAN HOTEL BINTANG DUA DI KOTA BATAM
Authors: Wasiman  , Silitonga Frangky , Edy Wibowo Agung
Published: March 2021

Perkembangan Industri perhotelan di kota Batam berkembang dengan begitu cepat dengan dicanagkanya Batam menjadi salah satu program destiniasi wisata oleh pemerintah pusat sehingga menimbulkan efek terhadap persahaan swasta untuk berlomba lomba membangun hotel sehingga persaingan terhadap kualitas pelayanan secara otomatis semakin meningkat. Dalam penelitian ini metode  yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan cara membagikan kuesioner kepada pelanggan pelanggan hotel bintang dua di Kota Batam . Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 111 sampel. Hasil Uji R, dapat dilihat bahwa nilai Adjsuted R Square  sebesar 0,730,  atau sebesar 73.70%. Hal ini berarti variabel loyalitas pelanggan dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel kualitas pelayanan, variabel lokasi sebesar 73.0%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 27.0% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak disertakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil Uji F menyimpulkan bahwa variabel kualitas pelayanan dan lokasi berpengaruh terhadap loyalitas pelanggan Hotel Bintang dua di Kota Batam.
ANALISIS KENAIKAN TAGIHAN LISTRIK SELAMA PENDEMI COVID-19 BERDASARKAN PERILAKU KONSUMTIF ENERGI LISTRIK DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ridlo Al Hakim Rosyid , Ropiudin  , Muchsin Achmad , Satya Lestari Faridah
Published: March 2021

Sejumlah pelanggan PLN mengeluhkan akan kenaikan tagihan listrik pada awal Juli 2020. Sejak awal Julilalu, banyak keluhan masyarakat tentang naiknya tagihan listrik selagi pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia.Skema tagihan listrik ini menggunakan 40% pada Bulan Juni 2020, yang kemudian baru dibayarkansecara bertahap pada Bulan Juli, Agustus, September. Adanya kenaikan tagihan dikarenakan perubahanperilaku masyarakat yang menggunakan listrik selama pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian kuantitatifdengan teknik pengambilan sampel secara random sampling. Hasil sebanyak 137 orang yang mengalamikenaikan tagihan (90,5%) dengan 67,9% responden merupakan pelanggan prabayar, dan kenaikan tagihanlistrik yang diakibatkan oleh aktivitas-aktivitas yang lebih mengkonsumsi daya listrik yakni lebih seringberada di depan komputer/laptop dan terhubung ke internet sebanyak 28,5%, menonton TV/Filmsebanyak 11,7%, membuka platform daring multimedia sebanyak 9.5%. Nilai skala ordinal dari perilakuyang tergolong dalam kategori lebih banyak menggunakan energi listrik cukup berpengaruh terhadaptagihan listrik (kategori A1) 2,883 yang berarti cukup. Perlunya kesadaran masyarakat akan upaya-upayauntuk menghemat energi listrik selama pandemi Covid-19 (Work from Home) dan agar selalu melakukanpengecekan berkala pada penggunaan listrik di rumah.
EDUCAÇÃO POSTURAL NA INFÂNCIA E ADOLESCÊNCIA: UM FATOR ESSENCIAL NOS TEMPOS ATUAIS
Authors: Martinez Victor Matheus Lopes
Published: March 2021

Este artigo trata sobre a importância da avaliação e principalmente da educação quanto a postura em crianças e jovens. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica de cunho narrativo sobre o tema. O estudo em questão teve como objetivo geral identificar e apresentar os métodos de avaliação postural e a importância de se avaliar constantemente os jovens, além de informar a comunidade quanto ao problema postural dos maus hábitos nas AVDs. Conclui-se então que devem ser feitas avaliações posturais na comunidade esportiva e, principalmente escolar de forma periódica afim de identificar no começo esses desnivelamentos posturais para que se possa corrigi-los o quanto antes.
O PAPEL DO COORDENADOR PEDAGÓGICO EM INSTITUIÇÕES DE ENSINO BÁSICO E SUPERIOR
Authors: Santos Marcus Vinicius Peralva
Published: March 2021

A função de coordenador pedagógico costuma ser mal vista por outros funcionários nos ambientes escolares, no entanto, esta função não costuma ser lembrada nos ambientes universitários, sendo um profissional que passa desapercebido nas Instituições de Ensino Superior. O profissional de coordenação pedagógica deve ser o elo entre a direção, alunos e professores dos ambientes educacionais, vindo daí a necessidade de se conhecer o perfil deste profissional. Deste modo, o presente artigo consisti em um estudo quali-quantitativo, onde realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico referente a obras com a temática "Coordenação Pedagógica" segundo o catalogo de teses da CAPES de 1999 até 2019. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a quantidade de trabalhos sobre a temática alvo do presente estudo é baixa, sendo as IES paulistas as maiores produtoras de estudos sobre esta temática. Os trabalhos já existentes são unanimes em descrever que dentre as principais funções do coordenador inclui-se atividades de cunho pedagógico e administrativo, sendo as principais funções, estimular e criar junto ao corpo docente da instituição, situações para maior integração do trabalho, desenvolvimento de aulas atreladas ao projeto político pedagógico do curso e o incentivo constante a qualificação profissional.
PROTOCOLO DE AVALIAÇÃO RÁPIDA COMO FERRAMENTA PARA A CLASSIFICAÇÃO DO ESTADO DE CONSERVAÇÃO DE AÇUDES DO SEMIÁRIDO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Sousa João Hemerson de , Rocha Adriana Josefa da , Leal Manuella Feitosa , Santos Orianna dos , Silva Edson Lourenço da , Pinheiro Tamaris Gimenez
Published: March 2021

Uma maneira efetiva de registrar a qualidade dos ecossistemas é o uso de Protocolo de Avaliação Rápida (PAR). Este instrumento possibilita a identificação das principais alterações na dinâmica temporal dos ambientes. Com isso, este trabalho teve como objetivo adaptar e aplicar um PAR em açudes da região semiárida para estabelecimento do seu estado de conservação. O PAR foi executado mensalmente entre os meses de outubro de 2017 e setembro de 2018, em três açudes do município de São Julião, Piauí. O estado de conservação dos açudes avaliados variou entre condição natural a alterações reduzidas. Foi possível verificar que as alterações nas características dos corpos d’água foram provocadas tanto pelo volume da precipitação quanto decorrentes de ações antrópicas. O PAR é uma ferramenta funcional que permite a avaliação da dinâmica de açudes do semiárido possibilitando o detalhamento mensal das situações ambientais bem como quais fatores contribuíram para as alterações.
CONSULTORIA EM RECURSOS HUMANOS: TREINAMENTO E DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PESSOAS
Authors: Pereira Diogo Costa
Published: March 2021

Este é um estudo sobre Consultoria em Recursos Humanos: treinamento e desenvolvimento de pessoas, tendo como eixo de investigação a fundamentação teórica. O principal objetivo foi demonstrar a necessidade de inserção de profissionais de consultoria no setor de Recursos Humanos das organizações com vistas ao treinamento e desenvolvimento de pessoas. O universo pesquisado foi de revisão de literatura através de consulta em livros, teses, dissertações, artigos, revistas eletrônicas e sítios da internet. Adotada a metodologia de revisão bibliográfica acredita-se ter revisado um conhecimento que favoreça aproximações com questões dinâmicas que relacionam o alinhamento do RH às estratégias organizacionais das empresas através do treinamento e desenvolvimento de pessoas. Consolidou-se que a ação do Consultor de RH detectando deficiências, treinando e desenvolvendo as competências e habilidades é imprescindível para alinhar os funcionários aos objetivos organizacionais.
Effects of marine fuel sulfur restrictions on particle number concentrations and size distributions in ship plumes in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Seppälä Sami D. , Kuula Joel , Hyvärinen Antti-Pekka , Saarikoski Sanna , Rönkkö Topi , Keskinen Jorma , Jalkanen Jukka-Pekka , Timonen Hilkka
Published: March 2021

Abstract. Exhaust emissions from shipping are a major contributor
to particle concentrations in coastal and marine areas. Previously, the marine
fuel sulfur content (FSC) was restricted globally to 4.5 m/m%, but the
limit was changed to 3.5 m/m% at the beginning of 2012 and further down
to 0.5 m/m% in January 2020. In sulfur emission control areas (SECA), the
limits are stricter: the FSC restriction was originally 1.50 m/m%, but it
decreased to 1.00 m/m% in July 2010 and again to 0.10 m/m% in
January 2015. In this work, the effects of the FSC restrictions on particle
number concentrations (PNCs) and particle
number size distributions (NSDs) are studied in the
Baltic Sea SECA. Measurements were made on a small island (Utö, Finland;
59∘46′50 N, 21∘22′23 E) between 2007 and 2016. Ship
plumes were extracted from the particle number size distribution data, and
the effects of the FSC restrictions on the observed plumes as well as on the
ambient concentrations were investigated. Altogether, 42 322 analyzable plumes were identified during the 10-year
measurement period. The results showed that both changes in the FSC
restrictions reduced the PNCs of the plumes. The latter restriction (to 0.10 m/m% in January 2015) also decreased the ambient particle number
concentrations, as a significant portion of particles in the area originated
from ship plumes that were diluted beyond the plume detection limits. The
overall change in the PNCs of the plumes and ambient air was 27 and 32 %,
respectively, for the total FSC change from 1.50 m/m% to 0.10 m/m%. The
decrease in the plume particle number concentration was caused mostly by a
decrease in the concentration of particle sizes of between approximately 33 and 144 nm. The latter restriction also reduced the geometric mean diameter of the
particles, which was probably caused by the fuel type change from residual
oil to distillates during the latter restriction. The PNC was larger for the
plumes measured at daytime than for those measured at nighttime, likely
because of the photochemical aging of particles due to UV light. The
difference decreased with decreasing FSC, indicating that a lower FSC also has an impact on the atmospheric processing of ship plumes.