bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pentingnya Manajemen Gereja terhadap Pertumbuhan Gereja
Authors: Tangdiseru Yesda
Published: July 2024

This paper aims to provide an understanding that church management is needed by the church to carry out the wheels of service and carry out God's great commission. The church should not be closed with management that is considered worldly patterns that will interfere with church services and limit the Holy Spirit. The research method used in this study is a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The author collects data from various literature such as journals, books, articles, Bibles, and other library sources and then synthesizes them into meaningful paragraphs to provide solutions for solving the problems at hand. The result obtained is that management is a planning method that has existed since Allah created the heavens, the earth, and everything in it. That God also gives lessons for humans, for his church to implement management because God himself is one of the best examples of managers in carrying out His works, from the creation of creation to the work of the plan of human salvation. The Bible also gives many examples of Bible characters in their lifetime and leadership, they apply management patterns. Therefore, the church also needs to implement management based on God's word, which can be called church management.   AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman bahwa manajemen gereja sangat diperlukan oleh gereja untuk menjalankan roda pelayanan dan melaksanakan amanat agung Tuhan. Gereja tidak boleh tertutup dengan manajemen yang dianggap sebagai pola-pola duniawi yang akan mengganggu pelayanan gereja dan membatasi Roh Kudus. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka. Penulis melakukan pengumpulan data dari berbagai literatur seperti jurnal, buku, artikel, Alkitab, dan sumber pustaka lainnya kemudian disintesis menjadi paragraf yang mengandung makna untuk memberikan solusi bagi pemecahan masalah yang dihadapi. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah bahwa manajemen adalah sebuah metode perencanaan yang sudah ada semenjak Allah menciptakan langit, bumi dan segala isinya. Bahwa Allah juga memberikan pelajaran bagi manusia, bagi gerejanya untuk menerapkan manajemen karena Allah sendiri adalah salah satu contoh manejer yang terbaik dalam melaksanakan karya-karyaNya, baik dari mulai karya penciptaan sampai kepada karya rencana keselamatan manusia. Alkitab juga banyak memberikan contoh tokoh-tokoh Alkitab dalam masa kehidupan dan kepemimpinan mereka, mereka menerapkan pola manajemen. Oleh sebab itu, gereja pun perlu menerapkan manajemen yang berlandaskan pada firman Tuhan, yang dapat disebut sebagai manajemen gereja.
Etika Kepemimpinan dalam Gereja sebagai Role Model Keberhasilan Menata Organisasi
Authors: Nainggolan Sarman Parhusip , Tamibaha Ribkah Femmy
Published: July 2024

The leader is the skipper and the organization's driver. The future or fate of the organization depends on its leaders. The organization will be safe if the leader is an accomplished and wise person. Therefore, the leadership style in an organization also affects the climate of communication and coordination within the organization. In turn, it also impacts the participation of its members in advancing the organization. In this article, the author uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach to discover how to organize a thriving organization by having ethical leaders who become role mode in church leadership. The results of this study indicate that leadership ethics must be owned by a leader so that his administration can run effectively and efficiently to achieve common goals that have been determined according to the norms and values that apply. In preparing for future leadership, the church must develop its leadership by educating and preparing leaders for the church's future in the coming days. AbstrakPemimpin merupakan nakhoda, dialah supir organisasi. Masa depan atau nasib organisasi tergantung pada pemimpinnya. Kalau pemimpinnya seorang yang ulung dan berhikmat, selamatlah organisasinya. Oleh karena itu, gaya kepemimpinan dalam suatu organisasi mempengaruhi pula iklim komunikasi dan kordinasi dalam organisasi itu. Pada gilirannya, berdampak juga pada peran serta anggotanya dalam memajukan organisasi. Dalam artikel ini, penulis menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka untuk menemukan bagaimana menata organisasi yang berhasil dengan memiliki pemimpin beretika yang menjadi role mode dalam kepemimpinan gereja. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Etika kepemimpinan harus dimiliki oleh seorang pemimpin agar kepemimpinannya dapat berjalan dengan efektif dan efisien untuk mencapai tujuan bersama yang telah ditentukan sesuai norma dan nilai yang berlaku. Dalam mempersiapkan kepemimpinan masa depan gereja harus mengembangkan kepemimpinanya dengan mendidik dan mempersiapkan pemimpin untuk masa depan gereja dihari mendatang.
"E eu, que não conhecia nada": The Representation of Today's Goa in Catarina Mourão's "A Dama de Chandor"
Authors: Melo e Castro Paul
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Catarina Mourão’s A Dama de Chandor gently depicts the life of one of Goa’s last Lusophone aristocrats, Aida de Menezes Bragança, and shows her struggle to maintain her home and way of life as globalisation and the integration of Goa into India’s mainstream sweep it away. Using the documentary typology developed by John Corner, I argue that A Dama de Chandor is structured so as to make the viewer identify with Aida and her struggle. There follows an in-depth discussion of some of the issues present and an interrogation of how expanding the contextual frame of reference of the film affects the pattern of identification A Dama de Chandor attempts to impose.
Pessoa’s Walter Pater: Archival Material from a Reading Story
Authors: Uribe Jorge
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT: In a polemical article Pessoa wrote in 1922 about his close acquaintance the poet António Botto, Walter Pater was identified as a standard of comparison. Two years later, in the second issue of his art and literature review Athena, Pessoa became the first translator of Pater’s work in Portugal, publishing a brief prose piece, “La Gioconda,” extracted from the essay on Leonardo da Vinci in Pater’s The Renaissance.
However, as the public now knows, after almost eighty years of constantly renewed posthumous publication, what Pessoa published during his life is just the tip of the iceberg. What he translated and published, together with the reference to Pater in his printed article, is but a dim reminiscence of both a well-informed interest, nourished for several years, and a much more ambitious editorial project. Such a project aimed to make Pater’s name familiar to a community of readers who would eventually become readers of Pessoa’s literary works.
The goal of this essay is to offer the reader a panoramic view of how and in which forms Pessoa’s literary production make reference to Pater’s, shedding light on both the influence and the instrumental use of tradition in Pessoa’s writings.
KEYWORDS: Pessoa, Pater, reading, influence, private library, archive
Germans and the South Atlantic: Political, Economic, and Military Aspects in Historical Perspective, 1507-1915
Authors: Zollmann Jakob
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT: Early sixteenth-century German geographers and mercenaries were well aware of the European economic and military expansion on both sides of the South Atlantic. The first part of this article traces the German knowledge production about this region based on maps and published eyewitness accounts. German visitors, whether for military, economic, or research purposes, were early on most attracted to the South American shores; southern Africa and the coast of Angola proved to be less hospitable. The following parts of this article outline the German attempts to settle permanently in the areas bordering the South Atlantic and to gain economic and political influence, culminating in the founding of the colony “German South West Africa” in 1884–1885. The final part shows how political aspirations and illusions of Germans in the region and the government in Berlin came to nothing with the outbreak of the First World War and the surrender of German colonial troops in July 1915.
KEYWORDS: German history, South Atlantic, colonialism
De Onde Menos se Espera: A Disciplina do Terror em Lygia Fagundes Telles
Authors: Lisboa Maria Manuel
Published: July 2024

RESUMO: Este ensaio considera a função do género do fantástico e de terror nas obras de ficção, crónica e pseudo-memórias de Lygia Fagundes Telles. Propõe a hipótese de utilizar a escritora um regime de incerteza e de recusa de verdade interpretativa como instrumentos  de  desestabilizacão  de  pre-supostas  normas  nas  relações  humanas,  dando  antes lugar ao desconhecido e ao pavor existencial.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Lygia Fagundes Telles/ fantástico/ terror/ incerteza
ABSTRACT: This  essay  explores  the  use  of  the  genre  of  the  fantastic  and  of  terror  as  a  recurring trope in the works of fiction and to a lesser extent the chronicles and would-be memorialistic writing of Lygia Fagundes Telles. It argues that the rule of uncertainty and the  withholding  from  the  reader  of  the  possibility  of  interpretative  truth  is  the  tool  whereby  pre-supposed  normality  in  human,  familial  and  social  relations  gives  way  to  the fearful unknown.
KEYWORDS: Lygia Fagundes Telles/fantastic/terror/uncertainty
Os homens da boa pena e os manuscritos iluminados na Capitania de Minas Gerais no século XVIII
Authors: Almada Márcia
Published: July 2024

RESUMO: Este  artigo  apresenta  o  trabalho  de  cinco  calígrafos  e  pintores  de  manuscritos  que  atuaram  na  Capitania  de  Minas  Gerais  entre  o  início  do  século  XVIII  e  a  passagem  para  o  século  XIX,  percorrendo  diversas  localidades  para  atender  às  demandas  de  irmandades  de  leigos  na  elaboração  de  seus  estatutos.  Suas  obras  são  registros  da  permanência  da  arte  da  iluminura  na  época  moderna,  que  assumiu  significados  diversos  daqueles  vigentes  no  período  medieval,  tornando  a  ornamentação  de  documentos  parte  do  discurso  que  envolvia  as  práticas  de  corte  e  de  administração  pública.  Os  motivos  decorativos  usados  por  estes  calígrafos  e  pintores  igualmente  testemunham  que  a  Capitania  de  Minas  Gerais  não  estava  isolada  do  gosto  e  das  técnicas  que  se  propaga-vam mundialmente.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: manuscritos; caligrafia; pintura; século XVIII
ABSTRACT: This  article  presents  the  work  of  five  calligraphers  and  manuscript  painters  that  worked  in  the  Captaincy  of  Minas  Gerais  between  the  early  eighteenth  century  and  the  beginning  of  the  nineteenth  century,  covering  various  locations  to  meet  the  demands  of  tradesmans’  brotherhoods  in  the  manufacture  of  their  statutes.  Their  works  are  records  of  the  permanence  of  illuminated  manuscript  art  in  the  modern  era,  with  different  meanings  from  those  prevalent  in  the  medieval  period,  making  document  ornamentation  part  of  the  discourse  that  involved  court  life  and  practices  of  public  administration.  The  decorative  motifs  used  by  these  calligraphers  and  painters  also  testify  to  how  the  Captaincy  of  Minas  Gerais  was  not  isolated  from  the  tastes  and  techniques being propagated worldwide.
KEYWORDS: manuscripts; calligraphy; painting; eighteenth century
Jorge Arrimar's Long Journey Back to Angola: The Return of a Native Son
Authors: Brookshaw David
Published: July 2024

Abstract: There is a long tradition of Angolan writers who have recalled their native land from exile, the most emblematic example of this condition being that of the founder of the nation, and many would argue, of modern Angolan poetry: Agostinho Neto. The independence of Angola in 1975, which brought Neto home from exile, in its turn produced another generation of “refugee” writers fleeing the ensuing civil war, whose work reflects a sense of “angolanidade” both on the move and rooted in memory. Possibly the most extreme example of this is Jorge Arrimar. This article will survey the work of Arrimar, paying particular attention to the themes of de-racination and the depiction of a regional Angola seen through the prism of memory and history—the hallmarks of this particular writer.
The Renaissance of Angolan Cinema
Authors: Arenas Fernando
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This article offers a critical review of recent Angolan films that together constitute a renaissance of cinema in Angola, thanks to the normalization that has been made possible during the post-war years. The films The Hero by Zézé Gamboa (2004) and Hollow City by Maria João Ganga (2004) are discussed within the context of the emergence of cinema in Angola, which is indissociable from the larger historical and political context since independence.
Forgetting Pio Gama Pinto
Authors: Pinto Rochelle
Published: July 2024

Abstract: This article attempts to situate the figure of Pio Gama Pinto within the context of racial politics between India and Africa in the 1950s and 60s. It suggests that the emerging contexts of anti-colonial nationalism and the practices of internationalist socialism that Pinto espoused were embedded within notions of race and ethnicity that eventually led to the erasure of this interesting figure from the histories of Goa, India, and Kenya.
"Barrowby", Boys’ Books, and How to Make Literature
Authors: Zenith Richard
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT: In what is commonly understood to be an autobiographical note, Fernando Pessoa wrote, "Those books which are called boys’ books and deal with exciting experiences I cared little for." In fact, as a young adolescent in Durban, Fernando not only read a lot of "boys’ books," he also tried to write one of his own: Os Rapazes de Barrowby (The Boys of Barrowby) lifted its title, the names of some characters, and various structural details from The Barrowboy Boys, serialized in a British magazine for boys in 1903. Pessoa completely changed the story, however, and partly subverted the genre.
KEYWORDS: boys’ books, Barrowby, story papers, dime novels, O Palrador, Durban
Letras negras em folhas brancas: A escrita da História angolana por Antônio de Assis Júnior
Authors: Claro Regina
Published: July 2024

Resumo: O artigo analisa a resistência angolana manifesta na literatura produzida por nativos mestiços e africanos no início do século XX. O conteúdo do nacionalismo “assimilado” é examinado através de dois exemplos de António de Assis Júnior: Relato dos acontecimentos de Dala Tando e Lucala (1917-1918) e seu romance O Segredo da Morta: Romance de costumes angolenses (1935).
"Mal de Mar": A Reading of Jorge de Sena's "A Grã-Canária" in (trans-)Atlantic Transit
Authors: Miranda Rui
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT: This article analyzes Jorge de Sena’s short story “A Grã-Canária” in the context of a wider discussion on the topographies of the South Atlantic taken as an ideological construct, to some extent always already textual(ized). The story emphasizes the tensions in the enclosing of either the boat or the island as spaces of absolute fascist rule (in 1938 and 1961), and its setting in the Atlantic allows for a wider criticism of oppressive regimes operating in the South Atlantic axis while also addressing the “Atlantic exception” (Roberto Vecchi) in the context of wider European headings. It dismantles both the incipient establishing of the Atlantic as a “Portuguese Sea” by the Estado Novo and the construction of the legal and political conceptions such as that of the “overseas provinces” in the Constitutional Revision of 1951. This reading aims to foreground the spacing (Jacques Derrida) intrinsic to the inscription of such topographies of otherness and the projection of the selfsame in order to stress the tensions, the contradictions, and the limits of discourses underwriting an “immunitary paradigm” (Roberto Esposito) bent on establishing and marking the borders between a supposed self and its projected others.
KEYWORDS: Jorge de Sena; South Atlantic; immunitary paradigm
Pessoa, Anon, and the Natal Colony" Retracing an Imperial Matrix
Authors: Helgesson Stefan
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT: Fernando Pessoa’s years in Durban (1896–1905) have often been sidelined by critics. Conversely, the memory and reception of Pessoa in South Africa have been slight, sustained by only a few individuals. By contextualizing Pessoa’s placement in the historically peculiar Natal Colony, and by reading some early work by Pessoa’s English literary persona Charles Robert Anon against the backdrop of the Anglo-Boer War (1899–1902), this article adds to the emergent understanding of the Durban years as deeply formative for Pessoa’s work. It is here, not least, that we can trace the early formation of the imperial view of history that also becomes a strange limitation to his thinking. The “empire” as a frame of reference, an object of desire, a cause for ridicule, and a lofty ideal, recurs repeatedly in Pessoa’s writing, and even when Anon expresses severe criticism of British imperial conduct, he remains beholden to an imperial optic, almost by default restricted to a white outlook on events in southern Africa. We find thereby in the early work the makings of an imperial ambivalence that is then dispersed and refracted through multiple poetic voices in Pessoa’s oeuvre.
KEYWORDS: Fernando Pessoa, Charles Robert Anon, Roy Campbell, Natal Colony, Anglo-Boer War, imperialism
A função catártica da memória na actual literatura angolana: "O caso de Botelho de Vasconcelos"
Authors: Mata Inocência
Published: July 2024

Resumo: Tàbua (2004), o sétimo livro do poeta Adriano Botelho de Vasconcelos, é, tal como o fora o livro Os Limites da Luz (2003), de E. Bonavena (aliás, Nelson Pestana), um livro que evoca e provoca: evoca as crises e os afectos destroçados, conseqüência da repressão pós-27 de Maio de 1977; provoca pela temática que passa pela ideia de que é preciso falarse dos dissensos para os sanear, na contramão da “doutrina nacionalista” de uniformização totalizante. As duas posturas enunciativas vêem-se na ritualização do luto, na homenagem aos mortos e na expiação da dor que a poesia de ambos os livros atualiza para que, pela exposição das fracturas e das fissuras individuais e segmentais, a purificação colectiva se processe. Eles próprios vítimas de prisão no período do regime monopartidário, é como se os dois poetas se insurgissem contra o muro de frases feitas do discurso da reconciliação. No entanto, essa postura de confrontação com o passado não pressupõe o seu culto, pelo que a nostalgia que daí resulta não é regressiva, mas projectiva, a direccionar ao futuro. Nada há de mais construtivo do que organizar as ruínas do passado, na contramão do anjo de Paul Klee, reinterpretado por Walter Benjamin. Na verdade, as “ruínas” dos poetas—pessoais e patrias—não se amontoam para se dispersarem a seus pés: os poetas arranja(ra)m-lhes um lugar, para que cada uma funcione no corpo pátrio que se pretende reconstruído, e liberto dos dissensos de um passado demasiado recente para não provocar angústia pela sua nomeação.
Never mind the love, smell the money: What is the ‘value-add’ of a brand?
Authors: Tarrant Crispian
Published: July 2024

In spite of the use of terms like ‘brand love’, the language of human relationships is rarely appropriate to most brands, and such terminology excludes the majority of users who invariably have only very limited brand engagement. An alternative approach to improve the appreciation of the impact of specific brands is to think in terms of the added value that consumers attribute to brands relative to one another. Brand Margin uses a ‘wisdom of crowds’ approach, drawn from a whole market and not just from those who engage closely with a brand, to generate a financial value for the added value a brand delivers above the intrinsic cost of a product. Although developed for fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) markets, this concept works well in other sectors where there is essentially a common product, with the brand being one of the few points of differentiation. Examples are discussed from the travel sector, for hotels and airlines, but utilities and telecoms would be just as relevant. Brand Margin is a business outcome metric, and its use of a financial benchmark gives it a resonance in the board room and among non-marketers.
Comparing clustering methods for market segmentation: A simulation study
Authors: Vidden Chad , Vriens Marco , Chen Song
Published: July 2024

This paper compares clustering methods on simulated data sets with different characteristics, such as degree of variance, whether there are overlaps between segments, the nature of the true clusters, and the absence/presence of categorical variables. Specifically, the paper compares K-means with latent class and ensemble analysis. The authors’ findings show that latent class analysis performs best in most cases, both in its ability to recover the true cluster members and in its ability to identify the correct number of clusters. Ensemble methods perform second best. K-means performs reasonably well with continuous variables. The current authors also tested the core member approach that can be applied on top of any clustering method, and found that it improved the identification of the correct cluster members.
Decentralised clearing? An assessment of the impact of DLTs on CCPs
Authors: Plata Rafael , Chan Max , Cerezetti Fernando
Published: July 2024

Recent years have witnessed noticeable expansion of new technologies related to distributed ledger technology (DLT) and blockchain networks in financial markets. As developments unfold, the key question that emerges is whether these technologies would work to foster traditional services or, conversely, would challenge their existence. Similar reflections exist for specific parts of the financial system. In particular for central counterparties (CCPs), proof-of-concepts and theoretical exercises have been conducted aiming at responding to such questions. While empirical experiences are yet to mature, theoretical exercises have suggested the impact on CCPs could be substantial, if not detrimental. The objective of this paper is to contribute to the literature and investigate the impact of DLTs on CCPs. Different from previous exercises, the paper resorts to the economic theory of financial service intermediation to substantiate the assessment. Using functional analysis and good type categorisation, the main conclusion of the paper is that under the current offering it seems challenging to foresee a scenario where any of the main services provided by a CCP would disappear or become fully disintermediated. The supporting argument is that the core functions of a CCP orbit around risk management, provided either as private or club type of good. Until now new technologies do not seem able to change the nature of these services and, therefore, render fundamental changes to CCPs less likely.
Cultural marketing: Maximising business effectiveness in a multicultural world
Authors: De Mooij Marieke
Published: July 2024

Standardising marketing strategy across cultures does not contribute to a company’s bottom line. Culture influences consumers’ behaviour, thinking and perception. Many strategies and advertising messages made for one culture are not effective in another. Culture can be measured and models have been made that compare cultures on indices that help explain the various aspects of consumer behaviour. A model developed by Geert Hofstede with six dimensions is presented, together with examples of how these explain cultural differences. In advertising, concepts developed for one culture may not be understood and thus may not be effective in other cultures where people have different mindsets. Often configurations of dimensions best explain differences and cultures can be mapped. An example is a two-dimensional map of advertising styles across cultures. Understanding cultural differences will drive business results.
Cashless society — really?
Authors: Putter Eric De
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses the arguments of the proponents of a cashless society, who, in light of an uptake of card and mobile payments, want a focus on a cashless society. Their arguments are assessed based on where we are in 2016 (with a consideration of arguments around security that should address cyber-crime). With the overestimation of the cost of cash, it seems that the difference between this and the cost of card payments is not as big as it seems. Economists have a stronger rationale in terms of managing interest rates. The strengths of those arguments vary, and what is really missing is the transition phase, consumers’ ability to change payment methods and a risk analysis. Given the long lead times, what is wrong with giving consumers these as they are embracing new ways to pay anyway?
Environmental management planning: A Canadian perspective
Authors: Simpson Alec
Published: July 2024

The aviation industry has faced significant economic and environmental challenges over the past 20 years. Increased public concern regarding protection of the environment from the impacts of transportation has prompted governments to seek voluntary and regulatory measures to manage the various modes of transportation. Canada, as a global partner, has responded to the challenges of airport environmental management with a balanced approach between voluntary and regulatory measures. Through the development of environmental management plans and procedures, airports and carriers have been able to reduce negative impacts on air, water and soil and respond to challenges concerning aircraft de-icing fluids, greenhouse gases (GHGs) and other air emissions. This paper provides an overview of environmental issues facing the Canadian Government and aviation industry, management procedures utilised to manage these issues, and environmental management challenges of the future. It will focus on examples of a water quality issue through the management of de-icing fluids. It will also provide an overview of the management of GHGs and air pollutants through a voluntary agreement.
Why do we never learn?
Authors: Ashworth Christina
Published: July 2024

In 2001, the Government set out radical and ambitious plans to revitalise poor neighbourhoods. Seven years on, the results are disappointing, and experience demonstrates that, rather than break from the past, one often simply repeats its mistakes. Many partnerships have struggled to engage the public, private or voluntary sectors in pursuing common goals and exercising mutual accountability, let alone rising to the challenge of engaging local people in a meaningful way. A review of Neighbourhood Renewal programmes across the country suggests that, often, they are delivering more of the same and calling it something new, rather than demonstrating any real local imagination or ingenuity. Where this does happen, the programme is often not valued or understood by others and is often unrecognised or unsupported, and therefore not replicated. This paper seeks to explore why one appears to fail to learn and why one seems unable to use the mechanisms of research, evaluation and peer networks to identify what is of real value and what should and can be repeated, or avoided, elsewhere. Drawing from the author's experience as a practitioner and as a Neighbourhood Renewal Adviser, the paper explores the reluctance of academics and consultants to come to any real conclusions or judgments about the value of practice and why this might be the case, so that, even where evidence is stark, the most decisive conclusion tends to be that more research is required.
Positioning a brand as an internet meme: The case study of Supreme
Authors: Sinha Jay I.
Published: July 2024

This paper develops the idea of how brands can be positioned as internet memes and why the strategy is even more timely and relevant in the current marketing landscape. A meme is defined as a unit of cultural transmission that evolves and mutates as it replicates from person to person. An internet meme is of great relevance today owing to the shareable aspect of social media and from the latter’s dominance among the youth. Companies that manage to position their brands as successful memes stand to gain positive externalities. Instead of engaging in expensive push marketing, they can co-opt the volition and creativity of the brand followers themselves to adapt and transmit the brand’s symbols and beliefs to their peers in the online space and further popularise the brand. The strategy can also backfire since the company perforce has to relinquish control over the brand’s interpretations and symbolism to the online users. The example of the youth fashion brand Supreme is offered as a case study to highlight online memetic positioning tactics and their resulting benefits and challenges. The paper concludes by providing implications for marketing managers from this contemporaneous approach to brand positioning.
Risk Accounting - Part 1: The risk data aggregation and risk reporting (BCBS 239) foundation of enterprise risk management (ERM) and risk governance
Authors: Grody Allan D. , Hughes Peter J.
Published: July 2024

In the period following the global financial crisis, high-profile regulatory breaches and other instances of banks’ misconduct triggered widespread concern that the culture and standards of conduct in banks had declined to a point of unacceptability. The crisis also brought into sharp focus the inability of banks to completely and accurately report the risks they accept in order to create shareholder value. These events and circumstances culminated in a crisis of trust between banks and their stakeholders which include governments, regulators, investors and customers. In this same period, regulators focused on their primary ‘capital-at-risk’ regimes administered through the Basel capital accords, reinforcing additional levels of capital as a bank’s primary protection against unexpected losses. At the same time, Basel introduced ‘firm-at-risk’ mandates that required improvements in banks’ control over risk data and associated technology infrastructure. The most significant game-changing post-crisis regulatory mandate in this regard is the Basel Committee’s principles for effective risk data aggregation and risk reporting, also known as BCBS 239. This new mandate requires banks: to implement controls over risk data that are as robust as those applicable to accounting data; to create accurate and single authoritative sources of risk data; and to ensure the precision, timeliness, comprehensiveness and adaptability of risk reporting. BCBS 239 effectively sets the parameters for enterprise risk management (ERM) and provides the foundation on which risk governance and risk cultures can positively evolve. Whereas BCBS 239 expressly states that a common risk metric for all forms of risk is not required, the authors challenge this thinking and argue that it is only through the adoption of a common risk metric that the objectives of BCBS 239 can be reasonably achieved. Part 1 of this paper explains why bankers — risk managers and accountants in particular — must view the need for the convergence of finance and risk systems within a common control and reporting framework as an imperative. Part 2 describes the ‘Risk Accounting’ methodology and its introduction of both a common measurement framework for all forms of risk and a common risk metric, the risk unit (RU).
The digital identity of legal entities: Current status and the way forward
Authors: Hartsink Gerard
Published: July 2024

Electronic communication continues to grow in importance as a tool to support trade in goods and services, in particular between buyers and sellers based in different countries. Banks, for example, have notably extensive experience in this area, while public administrations are increasingly developing e-government services for their domestic needs. As the supply chain has become international, the need has arisen for global standards to define the identities of trading partners for the purposes of invoicing, customs declarations and payments. Businesses, consumers and government agencies are all faced with the challenge to understand ‘who is who’ in the digital and global supply chain. This requires a global approach to identity management. This paper discusses the fundamental issues regarding identities in business applications and payment systems.
Mobile payments strategy
Authors: Khan Waleed
Published: July 2024

This study applies the author’s mobile payments experience from a large US retailer to a set of strategic levers, monetised into a business case and supported with a roadmap of initiatives. The study provides retail executives and other players across the payment chain (eg acquirers) with a template to leverage in their mobile payment strategies.
ChatGPT and search engine optimisation: The future is here
Authors: Cutler Kelly
Published: July 2024

The new chatbot from artificial intelligence company OpenAI, called ChatGPT, has grown aggressively since its launch in late 2022. ChatGPT provides information back to users who populate questions in a clear and easy to understand structure. This technology can be used for different purposes, including writing code, creating business proposals, writing stories and answering complex questions. Because this technology is considered a breakthrough in terms of its ability to process natural language, it stands to reason that it could have future effects on the fundamental digital marketing tactic known as search engine optimisation (SEO), a process by which websites are developed and updated with the goal of increasing natural ranking, traffic and customers from search engines like Google and Bing. For the past 20 years, people have turned to search engines for information, news articles, images, videos and answers to questions both mundane and complex. This technological advance with chatbots could indicate a significant general shift for marketers, specifically related to web searches and how marketers think about SEO. In fact, Microsoft's decision to invest in ChatGPT and include it within their search engine, Bing, has already created waves in the search engine ecosystems. In this paper, ChatGPT will be examined, its capabilities and how they could affect search marketing and SEO.
Unlocking sustainable e-commerce growth: The role of owned channels
Authors: Agnew Cian
Published: July 2024

As consumers increasingly shift their purchasing habits online, brands are faced with the challenge of tapping into sustainable growth opportunities, while standing out in an increasingly crowded environment. Third-party platforms have been integral to e-commerce success, but as we head towards a cookie-free future, harnessing owned channels is going to become a retail essential. Brands will need to work smarter to reach customers new and old, keep buyers loyal, and shine a spotlight on everything that makes them unique. The paper discusses how owned channels give retailers control over customer interactions, brand experiences and data collection, empowering companies to build lasting relationships with their customers and establish a strong foundation for sustainable, long-term growth. The paper will also demonstrate how businesses can leverage owned channels to unlock new revenue streams, enhance customer loyalty and attain a competitive edge. The paper delves into the crucial role owned channels can play in driving sustainable e-commerce growth, explores the benefits they offer and the hurdles they can help brands overcome, as well as the strategies brands can employ to maximise their potential. Want to address the issue of abandoned digital shopping baskets? Interested in learning about the value of personalisation? Curious about the underutilised power of SMS? Read on. This paper will help businesses understand the importance of their owned channels in order to make informed decisions to optimise their digital presence, nurture customer relationships and achieve success in the short and long term.
Strategic demolition for shrinking and shrunken cities: A case study from Buffalo, NY, USA
Authors: Knight Jason , Weaver Russell
Published: July 2024

Shrinking cities are older urban settlements that played prominent roles in the industrial economies of developed nations, but have experienced substantial depopulation, economic contraction and undesirable physical change since at least the middle of the 20th century. To counter the problems that necessarily accompany massive depopulation, shrinking cities have aggressively used structural demolition as a right-sizing strategy. Right-sizing is both a policy objective and the set of strategies used to restructure the built environment of a shrinking city to meet its current needs, by aligning the supply of community assets (eg infrastructure, housing, services) with current and future demand. In practice, it appears that many shrinking cities equate right-sizing exclusively with large-scale demolition. The result is that demolition is implemented in a standalone fashion, which fails to meaningfully stem the tides of shrinkage and vacancy. This paper draws on a framework of strategic demolition for shrinking cities to analyse a well-publicised, ‘signature’ demolition programme in Buffalo, NY, USA. The critical analysis shows that Buffalo failed to take recommended actions that were within its reach, which likely contributed to perceptions that its signature programme was unsuccessful. The case study has several implications for planning and policy in shrinking cities.
What is brand personality? A historical and prescriptive account
Authors: Conejo Francisco J.
Published: July 2024

Despite decades of brand personality (BP) research, recent meta-analyses/reviews highlight how this stream of inquiry still lacks a commonly accepted construct definition. Moreover, definitions generally refer to brand personification and not personality in a proper psychological sense. This lack of conceptual specificity is problematic as it confounds research and practice. The present paper addresses this definitional confusion. It offers a historical account of the BP construct with some prescriptive advice for its future use. It thereby hopes to create awareness and discussion as to what BP actually is, or ought to be. Based on how trait psychology understands personality, a new definition is suggested, BP reconceived as ‘the distinct set of human personality traits that lead brands to regard their environment in characteristic ways, and as a result, communicate and behave consistently over situations and time’. By clarifying the BP construct, this paper aims to improve research. It also hopes to benefit practice. A better understanding of BP stands to enhance segmentation, positioning and differentiation, rendering branding efforts more effective.
Gen Z versus Millennials, purchase intentions: A comparative study based on social media marketing strategies in India
Authors: Vijaya M. Thirumagal , Yamuna S. M. , Chitra B.
Published: July 2024

The ubiquity of mobile phones and the Internet has affected every individual and their lifestyle. The Internet is used a great deal by organisations and companies to examine and analyse data and also for marketing. Millennials are now active participants in the Internet, having surpassed Generation Z, particularly in usage of social media, blogs, forums, wikis and other interactive online activities; voicing their opinions and preferences based on their experiences in online marketing and purchasing, especially during the pandemic. This study analyses the purchase intention of Generation Z and Millennials in India as a variable against online marketing strategies, with moderators based on age, income and gender. The four Ps are analysed against the purchase intention. Methodologies used for analyses are regression and Hayes process-macro with SPSS. The research finds that among the four Ps, place has no impact on purchase intention and gender does not moderate the relationship of the variables. Thus, the study concludes that price, promotion and product are significant factors for respondents who intend to purchase online, and age and income also play a vital role.
Creating a process for incorporating epidemiological modelling into outbreak management decisions
Authors: Akselrod Hana , Mercon Monica , Kirkeby Risoe Petter , Schlegelmilch Jeffrey , Mcgovern Joanne , Bogucki Sandy
Published: July 2024

Modern computational models of infectious diseases greatly enhance our ability to understand new infectious threats and assess the effects of different interventions. The recently-released CDC Framework for Preventing Infectious Diseases calls for increased use of predictive modelling of epidemic emergence for public health preparedness. Currently, the utility of these technologies in preparedness and response to outbreaks is limited by gaps between modelling output and information requirements for incident management. The authors propose an operational structure that will facilitate integration of modelling capabilities into action planning for outbreak management, using the Incident Command System (ICS) and Synchronization Matrix framework. It is designed to be adaptable and scalable for use by state and local planners under the National Response Framework (NRF) and Emergency Support Function #8 (ESF-8). Specific epidemiological modelling requirements are described, and integrated with the core processes for public health emergency decision support. These methods can be used in checklist format to align prospective or real-time modelling output with anticipated decision points, and guide strategic situational assessments at the community level. It is anticipated that formalising these processes will facilitate translation of the CDC’s policy guidance from theory to practice during public health emergencies involving infectious outbreaks.
International payments: Current alternatives and their drivers
Authors: Milkau Udo
Published: July 2024

As the traditional correspondent banking network is shrinking and becoming more concentrated due to increasing regulatory requirements, new alternatives for international payments have emerged in recent years. On the one side, there are payment platforms such as AliPay, PayPal and AribaPay; on the other, there are token-based solutions such as Bitcoin. Announced in June 2019, Facebook’s Libra initiative represents a culmination of these novel approaches. This paper will review the current alternatives for international payments and the drivers behind these developments. The paper adopts a taxonomy to characterise money in the digital age and extends this in order to compare the different solutions. Three main dimensions can be applied to distinguish the concepts: tokens versus accounts; proprietary/closed-loop versus interoperable; and settlement-based versus messages between local pools. While no current alternative could completely replace the existing system for the time being, close monitoring of the way forward and more research will be needed to derive more insight into this complex challenge.
A foundational approach to credit migration for stress testing and expected credit loss estimation
Authors: Sobehart Jorge R. , Sun Xiaoming
Published: July 2024

Structural regularities in the dynamics of risk ratings can be used to characterise credit migration using a few indicators of economic activity. These regularities can be used to construct plausible stress test scenarios for credit migration that include the effects of credit cycles and economic activity for different countries beyond the limitations of historical data. The approach can be used to generate a range of plausible scenarios consistent with given economic conditions and uncertainty through the credit cycle.
Proworking: Redefining the workplace and the role of corporate real estate
Authors: Hampton John
Published: July 2024

The term ‘workplace’ has taken on a new meaning, now referring to work environments both within and outside of a company's portfolio of leased or owned properties. With the proworking concept, a company adopts a holistic approach to its use of real estate and commits to offering multiple options for employees to be at their most productive, in the places that best support achieving business results. Delivering that environment means re-envisioning how and where workers access the space and resources they need. Proworking extends the concept of co-working to the enterprise, with owners of real estate consistently providing professional and well-maintained work environments to mobile professionals.
Empowered and engaged: Exploring social media best practices for nonprofits
Authors: Warner Tessa , Abel Alexis , Hachtmann Frauke
Published: July 2024

Although nonprofits see value and potential in social media, many have not yet mastered social media and harnessed their full potential. This phenomenological study sought to identify the best social media strategies and tactics for effectively engaging existing and potential donors, volunteers and stakeholders, according to social media nonprofit professionals. Six themes emerged: listening to the audience; engaging instead of fundraising; sharing relevant, valuable and actionable content; being honest, accessible and responsive; using social media as part of a multi-channel strategy; and that measuring is mandatory.
Urban regeneration and the mental health and well-being challenge: In support of evidence-based policy
Authors: Corcoran Rhiannon
Published: July 2024

The rising attention given to mental health and well-being in urban policy, urban regeneration projects and place-making practices has led to an increase in the production of a supporting research evidence base. This paper presents a reflective review of a subset of this research, that which focuses upon urban mental health and well-being as they unfold in the context of relatively disadvantaged urban communities in the UK. Particular attention is given to research which interrogates the role played by the meaningful involvement of communities in decision making in cultivating good mental health. The paper concludes by identifying where evidence gaps still exist and where the evidence base might be improved.
Bringing liquidity to the new crypto economy
Authors: Crook Matt
Published: July 2024

The crypto economy is booming. We are on the cusp of mass adoption, and the global financial sector has acknowledged that blockchain is here to stay. But before it can make the final leap into the public sphere, cryptocurrency faces significant barriers, one of which is liquidity. A lack of liquidity is blocking people in underserved markets from entering the space while the market itself is too volatile to calm the nerves of banks and financial institutions. This paper outlines the historical challenges of an illiquid cryptocurrency sector and explores the steps required to address the issue and truly democratise finance.