bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Double-Immunofluorescence Microscopy to determine the role of FTL_1199 in erythrocyte invasion by Francisella tularensis.
Authors: Delatore III Elio , Horzempa Joseph
Published: April 2024

Francisella tularensis is an intracellular bacterium that is the causative agent of the zoonotic disease, tularemia. F. tularensis invades host erythrocytes during infection, a phenomenon that leads to increased colonization of ticks after a blood meal. To better understand the mechanism of erythrocyte invasion, an RNA-seq analysis was conducted to identify genes whose transcription was affected by the presence of erythrocytes. A putative transcriptional regulator, FTL_1199 was determined to be modulated in the presence of erythrocytes. We hypothesized that this gene may therefore play a role in erythrocyte invasion. Deletion of FTL_1199 resulted in a significant reduction in the invasion of rabbit erythrocytes, and complementation of FTL_1199 restored this strain’s ability to acquire the cytoplasmic space of erythrocytes. These findings were determined by a gentamicin protection assay to quantify erythrocyte invasion. To validate these findings, we conducted double-immunofluorescence microscopy. F. tularensis strains incubated with rabbit erythrocytes to allow for invasion.  Cells were probed with anti-F. tularensis antibodies followed by red fluorescent secondary antibodies.  Cells were washed and erythrocytes were permeabilized. Bacteria were probed a second time utilizing a green fluorescent secondary antibody. Therefore, intracellular bacteria were only labeled with a singular secondary antibody, while extracellular bacteria were tagged with two secondary antibodies. Intracellular bacterial enumeration showed that deletion of FTL_1199 resulted in a significant reduction of invasion (p = 0.0253), while FTL_1199 complementation to the deletion mutant restored invasion to that of wild type (p = 0.3258). These data demonstrate that FTL_1199 plays an important role in erythrocyte invasion.
 
(Supported by NIH Grant P20GM103434 to the West Virginia IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence, R15HL14735 from NHLBI, and funds from the NASA West Virginia Space Grant Consortium).
Estimating the dosage and feasibility of intranasal administration of creatine.
Authors: Popovich Greg Edward , Hollen Connor
Published: April 2024

Creatine dysregulation is present in many psychiatric and neurocognitive conditions, supporting the notion that oral creatine supplementation could constitute a viable treatment for conditions such as dementia, depression, and concussion. We recently proposed an intranasal route of administration (ROA) of creatine as a means of efficiently dosing creatine to achieve absorption across the blood brain barrier while targeting preferential delivery to the brain. Indeed, a subsequent murine study supports that creatine can be absorbed via the nasal ROA. The objective of this project is to refine this ROA and estimate appropriate dosage for research trials.
   The amount of creatine needed to directly supply the brain is but a small portion of the dose that is administered orally for whole-body saturation. A single dose of creatine is typically 5 g, which results in a calculated blood concentration of 80 mg/dL based upon average adult blood volume. Evidence suggests this is sufficient to raise brain creatine levels. Given the adult brain blood volume of 100‒130 mL, we estimate that a minimum of 80 mg of nasally-administered creatine would need to pass from the nasal cavity across the blood-brain barrier. Even if the nasal columnar epithelium or mucus were to pose a barrier, doubling or tripling the dose would still represent a relatively modest amount of nasally-delivered creatine (e.g., 160‒240 mg) in solution. We predict that the amount of nasally-administered creatine to theoretically raise brain blood concentration to a therapeutic level would be modest and practical.
DNA Extraction Methods
Authors: Long Katie
Published: April 2024

KATIE LONG and MARK FLOOD, Forensic Science Program, Fairmont State University, Fairmont, WV 26554. Evaluation of DNA Extraction Methods. 
Three forms of DNA extraction types include solution-based, column-based, and magnetic bead-based methodologies, with the latter being the accepted methodology used in forensic laboratories. Magnetic bead-based DNA extraction uses the negative charge of DNA and the positive charge of the magnetic beads to isolate the DNA strands and produce a purified sample. However, solution and column-based extraction methods use the same techniques of washing to purify DNA and typically have comparable DNA yields. Cheek swabs were obtained from ten individuals and the three extraction methods were performed to determine the quantitation of double-stranded DNA and the quality of the gel electrophoresis profile. Preliminary results indicate that solution-based extraction produces a slightly higher yield of double-stranded DNA having a 3.92% difference between the average quantitation of 26.29 ng/µL from solution-based and 25.28 ng/µL from magnetic bead-based methods. However, it is expected that the magnetic bead-based extraction will produce higher quality gel electrophoresis results.  Overall, the methods examined produced similar DNA extraction efficiencies.  This research was made possible by NASA West Virginia Space Grant Consortium, Training Grant #80NSSC20M0055 and the STaR Sure Grant.
Identifying and characterizing antibiotic producers found in and on the haustorium of Epifagus virginiana.
Authors: Jimenez Esquilin Aida E , Waugh Logan
Published: April 2024

Epifagus virginiana, a holoparsite of Fagus grandifolia, utilizes haustoria to parasitize its host. Little is known about the microbiome of this plant's parasitic organ. To shed light on these unexplored ecological interactions we collected eight individual E. virginiana specimens from Kanawha State Forest (Charleston, West Virginia) and used culture-based methods and microscopy to assess total counts and morphotypes, revealing a diverse microbial community on the haustorium surface, including 3 bacterial phyla and fungi. The internal haustorium environment was lower in counts and diversity, indicating the haustorium's internal microbiome is likely a subset of the soil microbiome. We explored the capabilities of these microorganisms to produce bioactive compounds. Fifty-eight morphospecies were investigated for cellulose degradation and antibiotic production. Forty-six isolates were challenged in a cross-streak assay against a Micrococcus roseus (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli K12(Gram-negative) and 35% showed antagonism for at least one type. Seven surface isolates showed a range of antagonism against M. roseus from 0.85 cm ±0.21 cm to 2.25 cm ±0.07 cm, and 2 against E. coli from 0.75 cm ±0.35 cm to 100%. Two of the internal isolates showed a range of antagonism against M. roseus and E. coli from 1.25 cm ±0.07 cm to 2.35 cm ±0.07 cm and 0.4 cm ±0.00 cm to 2.05 cm ±0.21 cm, respectively. Currently, we are testing these isolates against ESKAPE pathogens and using 16S rRNA sequencing and Biolog ® to further characterize them and their potential as a source of novel antibiotics or bioactive compounds.
Enhancing STEM Enrollment, Retention, and Graduation
Authors: Smith Johnna , Burton Raina , Wang Qing , Adams Karen
Published: April 2024

JOHNNA SMITH, Dept of Mathematics, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443, RAINA BURTON, Dept of Mathematics, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443, QING WANG and KAREN ADAMS, Dept of Computer Sciences, Mathematics, and Engineering, Shepherd University, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443. Enhancing STEM enrollment, retention, and graduation: insights and strategies for student success. 
 
The objective of this study is to synthesize over 20 findings related to STEM success and its measurement to enhance student recruitment, retention, and graduation rates. Surveys were analyzed focusing on various student categories, including underrepresented minorities (URMs), high-achievers, low-income individuals, first-generation students, community college transfers, and gender diversity, among others. Our findings demonstrate that improving students’ self-efficacy and fostering a sense of belonging significantly contribute to their success and persistence in STEM. Consequently, programs such as undergraduate research opportunities, networking, seminars, summer bridge programs, field trips, and workshops are identified as crucial for enhancing students’ confidence and sense of belonging, thereby facilitating their success and perseverance in STEM fields. The project was supported by the Summer Undergraduate Research Experience Grant (SOARS) from West Virginia Higher Education Policy Commission Division of Science and Research and the NSF S-STEM Grant (award No. DUE-2130267).
Active Hexose Correlated Compound Feeding to Stress Mice Induces Differential Cytokine Production during Chlamydia muridarum Genital Infection
Authors: Rolen Kristen , Belay Tesfaye
Published: April 2024

Oral supplementation of Active Hexose Correlated Compound (AHCC) mushroom extract is reported to enhance resistance to infection. However, AHCC feeding to stressed mice during Chlamydia muridarum. genital infection and host immune response remain unexplored. This study aimed to explore cytokine production profiles of immune cells of AHCC-fed stressed mice. Wildtype C57BL/6J mice that were stressed and infected with C. muridarum intravaginally. After seven days, splenic T cells and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages (MØs) were proliferated, and culture supernatants were collected to determine cytokine production by ELISA. Phenotyping of surface markers of immune cells using flow cytometry is underway. ELISA results show that AHCC increases the production of Th1 (IL-12 and IFN-g) and Th2 (IL-10, IL-13, IL.23) cytokines compared to PBS-fed stressed mice. Increased production of TNF-α in LPS-treated DCs and MØs of WT was observed. Overall, AHCC-feeding increases the production of protective and suppressive cytokines.
Does Eye Color Affect Vision Acuity in a Variety of Light Conditions?
Authors: Varney Tailynn , Henson Kristy
Published: April 2024

Eye color is a physical characteristic that varies from person-to-person. Due to a range ofpigmentation of the iris, people with different eye colors tend to see the world differently. For those with lighter eyes, it may be more difficult to see clearly in environments with certain light conditions or intensities. Throughout a person’s life, they encounter several different forms of light ranging from natural sunlight to artificial lighting. In my research, I investigated whether a person’s eye color influences their vision in artificial lighting compared to natural lighting.Preliminary results show that light did influence visual acuity. However, there was no correlation between eye color and light influenced vision changes.  To assess vision, participants were asked to cover each eye and read a Snellen eye chart. This was completed a total of four times. Using two separate eye charts, participants were tested at ten and twenty feet away from the charts. Each test was presented in a room with only artificial light, and outside of the building in natural light. This information can help individuals ensure that the change in vision, if any, caused by different kinds of light does not negatively influence their everyday life. In extreme situations those with eyes more sensitive to certain types of light could cause harm to themselves or others around them. Having this information about oneself is helpful to all people, not just those with a history of eye issues.
Lipidomic analysis by LC-MS/MS of wildtype, mutant and VBNC strains of Francisella tularensis LVS.
Authors: Rachelle Patterson
Published: April 2024

Francisella tularensis is one of the many bacteria that can enter a viable but nonculturable state (VBNC). The VBNC state acts as an adaptive strategy that allows for long-term survival of bacteria in unfavorable environments. A defining characteristic of VBNC bacteria is a loss of culturability, making VBNC bacteria difficult to detect in the environment using standard plating assays. Failure to identify VBNC bacteria in the food industry or water distribution centers poses a serious risk to human health. Our preliminary data suggests that lipid metabolism plays a role in VBNC adaptation in F. tularensis. To investigate further, genetic deletion mutants have been constructed from two predicted lipid metabolism genes, FTL_1569 (phosphoglycolate phosphatase) and FTL_1570 (phospholipase D family protein). Lipid extracts were collected from wildtype, mutant and VBNC strains of F. tularensis to determine any lipid species associated with the VBNC state. A single-phase lipid extraction method was used to obtain lipids from F. tularensis cultures grown for 24 hours (culturable) and 336 hours (VBNC). Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) and the ThermoFisher Compound Discoverer software were utilized for lipid identification, and comparative analyses. Differences in the lipid profile of wildtype, mutant and VBNC strains of F. tularensis have been identified.  (Supported by NIH Grant P20GM103434 to the West Virginia IDeA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence)
Smart Parking Space Detection with Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models
Authors: Vu Cameron , Panova Daria , Kowalski Josiah , Liao Weidong , Guzide Osman
Published: April 2024

CAMERON VU, Dept of Computer Science and Math & ENGR, Shepherd  University, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443, and DARIA PANOVA, Dept of Computer Science and Math & ENGR, Shepherd  University, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443, and JOSIAH KOWALSKI, Dept of Computer Science and Math & ENGR, Shepherd  University, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443, and Dr. W. LIAO  (Faculty Advisor), Dept of Computer Science and Math & ENGR, Shepherd  University, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443, and Dr. O. Guzide (Faculty Advisor), Dept of Computer Science and Math & ENGR, Shepherd  University, Shepherdstown, WV, 25443. Smart Parking Space Detection with Generative Artificial Intelligence and Large Language Models.
The increasing relevance of generative AI and large language models is reshaping various sectors of modern society. These advancements have spurred notable progress in fields such as healthcare, finance, and education. Yet, the application of AI extends beyond expert domains, offering simplified solutions to everyday tasks for the general populace.
This project harnesses the power of generative artificial intelligence and large language models to develop a practical application: smart parking space detection. By leveraging these technologies, individuals can effortlessly ascertain the availability of parking spots in monitored lots via camera or photographic monitoring, facilitated by a straightforward algorithm. The overarching objective is twofold: to engineer a user-friendly system utilizing generative AI principles and to demonstrate the potential for such technologies to enhance the daily experiences of ordinary individuals.
Enhancing Academic Success among STEM Undergraduate Students.
Authors: Burton Raina , Smith Johnna , Wang Qing , Adams Karen
Published: April 2024

We synthesize 20+ findings regarding STEM success and the measure of such with the aim of increasing recruitment, retention, and graduation of high-achieving, low-income undergraduate students. Students are more likely to enter and graduate from a STEM field when they have high self-efficacy, a sense of belonging, and identify themselves as scientists. We discuss methods of fostering these attributes such as providing undergraduate research opportunities, field trips, and summer bridge programs as well as some in-class methods including sending effort-oriented messages and connecting content to real-life.
Exploring mathematic struggles among STEM students at Fairmont State University
Authors: George Josh , Henson Kristy
Published: April 2024

Mathematics serves as the cornerstone of every STEM major, and proficiency in this subject is paramount for achieving academic success, societal integration, and meaningful participation in the workplace. However, numerous students encounter challenges in mastering mathematical concepts. In West Virginia, students face an additional hurdle, poverty, with households in the state ranking among the lowest earners in the nation. This can have significant implications for the funding and resources available to the West Virginia School System. Recognizing the interplay between socioeconomic factors and academic performance is crucial for devising targeted interventions and providing necessary support. In pursuit of this understanding, during the 2023-2024 school year, we administered a survey in 50 STEM courses at Fairmont State University (n = 447) and collected data from the LEAD Center on tutoring. Preliminary results show that math made up 50% and chemistry 37% of requested tutoring subjects in STEM and 69.7% receiving tutoring were in their first two years. Survey demographics are the following: gender identity: 212 male, 212 female, and 4 non-binary; economic status: 82% were middle class, 13% working class, and 4% on assistance; 29.5% are first generation; 62% are within their first two years of study. The most common math completed in high school was algebra (24.8%), trigonometry (34%), and calculus (24.4%). There was a strong correlation between major and enjoying math (0.99) and having a good math teacher in high school (0.62). Through data analysis and working with students directly, our goal is to discover why students struggle with math and how to better prepare future generations.
NSF S-STEM Program - Supporting Undergraduate Cohorts of Career-Ready Engineering and Science Scholars (SUCCESS) Project at WVU Tech – Year 3 updates
Authors: Panta Yogendra M , Hatipoglu Kenan , Floyd-Smith Tamara
Published: April 2024

The SUCCESS project at WVU Tech aims to recruit, retain, and graduate low-income STEM students with high motivation and entrepreneurial mindset, enhancing their likelihood of employment in technology-based businesses or creating start-up ventures. This report provides updates for Year 3, focusing on the recruitment and retention efforts. Currently, there are 20 scholars in the program, with Cohort 1 comprising seven students and Cohort 2 comprising 13 students. The program has seen some changes in Cohort 2 structure, with three Computer Science (CS) students dropping out in Fall 2023, and four new sophomore students including one Computer Engineering (CpE) and three CS students being admitted. Scholars have engaged in various activities, including completing entrepreneurship courses, attending career fairs, and working on research projects with faculty. The project team is actively collecting and analyzing feedback from scholars to ensure necessary improvements are implemented. Major activities during Year 3 included faculty mentor meetings, IEEE/ACM student branch engagements, and industry mentor interactions. Looking ahead, the project aims to continue supporting scholars in their academic and career pursuits, with a focus on enhancing industry mentorship and peer-to-peer relations. Additionally, the project has diligently explored opportunities to expand its impact to all eight existing engineering programs at WVU Tech and has recently submitted a Track 2 proposal to the NSF S-STEM program. The updates conclude with a discussion on the project's impact on student outcomes and the broader STEM community.
Integration of Energy Conservation Principles Across Mechanical Engineering Curriculum: A Work-in-Progress Project
Authors: Panta Yogendra M , Church William
Published: April 2024

The conservation of energy, mass, and momentum stands as fundamental laws in physics, resonating deeply within engineering education. This ongoing project, now in its third year of implementation, aims to seamlessly integrate energy conservation principles across the mechanical engineering undergraduate curriculum. Across various courses, including dynamics, fluid dynamics, and thermodynamics, students delve into the diverse forms of mechanical energy. From kinetic and potential energy in dynamics to fluid flow energies and thermodynamic principles in fluid dynamics and thermodynamics courses respectively, the overarching principle remains: energy is neither created nor destroyed but instead transfers between different forms, maintaining a constant total within a fixed domain.
The project emphasizes the energy balance equation introduced in the first Thermodynamics course, laying the groundwork for subsequent exploration. Students are guided through the transition from the first law of thermodynamics to Bernoulli's equation in Fluid Mechanics, bridging theoretical concepts with practical applications. This integration continues into Heat Transfer and elective courses such as Industrial Hydraulics and Aerodynamics. To assess student comprehension, direct and indirect assessments are conducted, measuring understanding through principle and practical examples. Feedback and questionnaire responses indicate enhanced understanding of energy conservation principles through the synchronization of energy balance concepts across multiple courses. This presentation showcases the evolution of our work-in-progress project, initially presented at the 2022 and 2023 WVAS meetings. By fostering a holistic understanding of energy conservation principles, our aim is to empower students with a comprehensive foundation to tackle real-world engineering challenges.
Spatial and temporal analysis of physical and chemical properties of Short Creek
Authors: Elizabeth Burkey
Published: April 2024

Freshwater systems are vitally important. Ecologically, rivers and streams are responsible for immense biodiversity, providing habitat for terrestrial and aquatic flora and fauna. Freshwater systems benefit humans in innumerable ways, providing drinking water to millions of people, means of transportation, food sources, and recreation areas. Nevertheless, the degradation of freshwater ecosystems continues to worsen at alarming rates. Long-term water quality monitoring can help determine the best management practices to improve and restore waterways. This study assessed changes in water chemistry in the Short Creek tributary located in Wheeling, WV, comparing historical data to current, focusing on physical and chemical water quality parameters data recorded from single monthly points obtained from historical data and averaged monthly points from current data. Short Creek represents 4 of 11 sites where data is collected weekly year-round. This data collection has been ongoing since 2018 and is part of a more extensive compilation hosted by Three Rivers Quest and the WVU Water Resource Research Institute. Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, chloride, specific conductivity, pH, and turbidity were recorded and analyzed utilizing Excel and RStudio. The increased frequency of monitoring provides a more accurate representation of Short Creek's overall condition. Both historical and current datasets were incomplete but generally did not show declines. A concerted effort in long-term water quality monitoring is necessary for understanding stream health. Current and historical data combined give us more resolution to estimate trends in water chemistry, better determine stream health progress, and assist in implementing best management practices.
Exploring and Synthesis of bio-active natural product coupling reactions
Authors: Sierra Lilly
Published: April 2024

Utilizing natural products in drug discovery research are very comment practice and they lead to more than fifty percent of current medicines in the market.  However, there are still needed in new therapeutic entities that can improve the efficiency of drugs against the enzymes.  We are hoping this and future study lead to combat unmet needs among healthcare.  Having said that, we would like to explore the coupling reactions to make bio-active natural products similar to capsaicin natural product and its chemical synthetic optimization before the its kinetic study.  Currently, we are exploring two distinctive coupling reaction conditions to optimize the reaction condition and will present current status of our research project of coupling reaction.  Furthermore, we would like to carry on enzymatic profile against resinaase HT enzyme to see how stable amide bond is.
Expression of Chemokine Ligands cxcl12a and cxcl12b in the Habenular Region in Danio rerio (zebrafish)
Authors: Roberson Sara , Thomas Amber
Published: April 2024

The habenula (Hb) is a bilateral cluster of neurons in the forebrain. The interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) is an important component of the midbrain. Together, they make up the Hb-IPN conduction system. This system plays an important role in sleep, reward-based decision making, and various other behaviors and processes. These important structures are found in all vertebrates, but the understanding of the development of this pathway is in the preliminary stages.  Previous studies in zebrafish show that chemokine signaling plays an important role in Hb axonal outgrowth. Chemokine (c-x-c) motif receptor 4b (Cxcr4b), which is made in the dorsal habenula (dHb), helps direct axons toward the IPN. Cxcl12a and Cxcl12b are the two ligands in this signaling pathway, which offer guidance cues to dHb axons, though their functions are not yet entirely clear. cxcl12a mutants show dysfunctional dHb axonal projections, with many axons projecting anteriorly, in the opposite direction of the IPN. Mutants with ectopic cxcl12b expression show similar results. Dorsal views show cxcl12a and cxcl12b are both transcribed in regions posterior to the dHb; cxcl12b is also transcribed anterior to the dHb. However, the relative expression patterns of these ligands is unknown, and may give us a clearer understanding of their respective functions in directing dHb axons. To do this, we will employ in situ hybridization, which will allow us to simultaneously visualize where cxcl12a and cxcl12b are being transcribed along the path of the developing dHb axons.
Effects of Physical Activity and Bibliotherapy on Anxiety in Middle and High Schoolers
Authors: ROLINCE MAKAYLA
Published: April 2024

Anxiety is a common problem within adolescents in the United States. There are therapists and group settings available to this population to ease anxiety but it may not be feasible for them. PURPOSE: To create a program to help middle and high school students handle anxiety. METHODS: There is one participant in this study who will go through a four week program including eight different bibliotherapies that were found on Youtube. The participant will complete exercises based solely on their wants. The child will pick what type and the duration of the exercise. Once the exercise is completed, they will read the bibliotherapy for that week. Once the exercise and readings are completed, they will answer questions pertaining to their anxiety. PRACTICAL IMPLICATION: Regardless of whether their anxiety increases, decreases or stays the same, the child is going to exercise more than before. The bibliotherapies and physical activity combination may provide some relief for the student’s anxiety while also getting them more physically active.
Wnt signaling in cranial bones as a proponent of TH-induced craniosynostosis.
Authors: Fetty Lara , Hill Tyler , Racine Holly
Published: April 2024

Craniosynostosis (CS) is the premature fusion of the sutures within the skull during embryonic development. Recently, thyrotoxicosis in pregnant women has been shown to increase the risk of craniosynostosis in the developing fetus, but the specific mechanism relating the accelerated bone development in CS to increased thyroid hormone (TH) is unknown. Different cell signaling pathways, such as Wnt, Ihh, BMP, and IGF-1, have been identified in TH regulated bone development. However, the Wnt pathway has been chosen in this study for its extensive involvement in bone development. It is known that Wnt-signaling increases levels of β-catenin which then drives the transcription of Wnt/β-catenin target genes such as Twist1 and Runx2. When upregulated, these genes have been linked to increased osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. In this study, we aimed to determine the level of Wnt signaling activation, in cranial bones of differing embryonic origins (frontal and parietal bones) from an avian model of thyrotoxicosis. Collected bones were processed for assessing β-catenin protein expression by western blotting and Twist1 and Runx2 gene expression by qRT-PCR. Analysis is currently in progress. We predict that differences will be observed between the parietal and frontal bones as the parietal bones derive from the mesoderm whereas the frontal bones derive from the neural crest.
Computational Studies Using COMSOL Multiphysics on Dielectrophoretic Characterization and Separation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Undergoing Tenogenic Differentiation
Authors: Oladokun Raphael
Published: April 2024

Stem cells have unique self-renewal and differentiation capacities, which are advantageous for regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. Stem cells can recreate cells needed to repair injured tissues and organs in the body, for example, by regenerating connective tissues, which provide support, protection, and a structural framework for various organs and other tissues. However, a significant limitation is the susceptibility of tendons to injury with long-term loss of function.
 
Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) therapies are promising for healing tendon injuries and tears but controlling stem cell differentiation and generating homogeneous tenogenic stem cell populations remains challenging. Therefore, separating differentiating and non-differentiating MSCs to collect homogenous cells is critical for further tissue repair after transplantation. To substantiate our hypothesis that differentiating and non-differentiating stem cells have unique dielectric properties, we focused on characterizing-obtaining dielectric signatures for differentiating tenogenic and non-tenogenic MSCs on the third day of differentiation using dielectrophoresis (DEP) focused on crossover frequencies [1, 2]. The estimated values for membrane capacitance, conductivity, and permittivity after 3-day treatment of undifferentiated cells differentiating into tenogenic MSCs are 2.46±0.1 pF, 0.82±0.01 S/m, and 1.97±0.05, respectively, and cytoplasm conductivity 0.82±0.02 S/m. The treated stem cells undergo differentiation, but the untreated cells don’t. The results showed a significant difference between the 3-day treatment and no-treatment group.
 
The estimated properties from the dielectrophoretic characterization studies are crucial in designing a DEP-based enrichment microdevice to collect homogeneous differentiated stem cell populations for tendon repair. Using particle tracing, creeping flow (transport of diluted species model), and electric current physics in COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software, we designed a microdevice that achieves 100% separation of untreated and treated mesenchymal stem cells undergoing differentiation towards tendon.
Applying dielectrophoresis to the microdevice architecture demonstrated high selectivity and yield, processing one million treated and untreated stem cells in 6.4 and 27.8 hours, respectively.
Dielectrophoretic Characterization and Computational Analysis of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from MMTV-PyMT Mammary Carcinoma Models for Late Carcinoma Detection
Authors: Oladokun Raphael
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer is the leading cancer in women, with 284,200 new cases and an estimated 43,600 deaths in 2021. Early detection and proper treatment can enhance outcomes. This study probes the dielectric properties of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from MMTV-PyMT mice at 14+ weeks (stage IV) using a microfluidic platform for early breast cancer detection.
The central hypothesis is that changes in subcellular components like the cytoskeleton, membrane, cytoplasm, and extracellular matrix at carcinoma onset regulate dielectric properties (conductivity, permittivity), affecting bioelectric signals that aid cancer detection. This is based on preliminary data showing unique PBMC dielectric properties from WT and PyMT tumor-bearing mice, identifying bioelectric signals regulating human adenocarcinoma cells.
We hypothesize isolated PBMCs are altered in cancer compared to healthy bodies, evident in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model for analyzing human breast cancer mechanisms. Although specific PBMC change mechanisms are not investigated, we hypothesize these alterations can be detected using dielectrophoresis, a dielectric characterization technique utilizing non-uniform electric fields to manipulate and separate normal and cancer cells based on differing electrophysiological plasma membrane properties.
Our results present dielectric properties of murine PyMT and WT PBMCs exhibiting unique cellular behavior, with numerical simulations validating these results. These unique characteristics can discriminate between cancer and non-cancer cells. This novel, label-free, rapid (~2 min), low-cost cell sorting technology detects and separates early and late breast cancer stages, leading to preclinical development and future clinical trials. The long-term goal is a non-invasive tool to determine breast cancer at earliest stages without false positives/negatives of standard mammography screening
Evaluating the effects of metal ions on malate dehydrogenase enzyme activity in Watermelon.
Authors: AGYEMANG Doris , Silva Shalika
Published: April 2024

Malate Dehydrogenase (MDH) is an essential enzyme in the cellular respiration pathway known as the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle. Using NAD+ or NADP+ as a cofactor, MDH catalyzes the reversible conversion of oxaloacetate to malate. It can be found in plants, bacteria, and animals. However, some metal ions, such as Cu2+, Zn2+, and Pb2+, can decrease MDH activity. In this study, the recombinant MDH protein (His-MDH) of watermelon was purified and quality tested by SDS-PAGE. The average protein concentrations of elution, cell lysate, and wash were 0.37 mg/mL, 2.23 mg/mL, and 0.24 mg/mL, respectively. According to SDS-PAGE, the size of the purified protein was approximately 37 kD, suggesting the purification of the correct protein.
   The enzyme activity of the MDH protein will be tested in the presence of metal ions such as MgSO4, NiSO4, ZnSO4, CuSO4, and PdCl2, which have been shown to inhibit dehydrogenase enzymes. Our results provide valuable insight on how different metal ions present in the environment can affect the cell respiration of organisms by affecting the malate dehydrogenase enzyme. Further studies on the roles of metal ions in the TCA cycle and related metabolism, as well as the mechanisms by which metal ions inhibit enzyme activity, will be beneficial in understanding ways to improve soil conditions for higher crop production and for the understanding of evolutionary processes.
Computational Insights into the Mechanism of Boyland-Sims Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Hall Isaac , Joseph Jojo , Behrman Edward
Published: April 2024

The Boyland-Sims oxidation is the reaction between peroxydisulfate ions and arylamines to form the aryl amine ortho sulfate with minor para isomer. The long-standing mechanism involves a nucleophilic attack by the amine on peroxide oxygen to form arylhydroxylamine-O-sulfonate intermediate, which subsequently rearranges to the arylamine o-sulfate. Marjanović et al. have challenged this long-standing mechanism, proposing a nitrenium ion intermediate as the reactive species instead of the uncharged amine. The nitrenium ion proposal was based on relatively low-level calculations. We previously computed the energetics of reaction intermediates in both mechanisms for aniline, 2,4-dinitroaniline, and N,N-dimethylaniline using high-level of density functional theory (B3LYP/6-311++G**) calculations. We present here new computations using density functional theory (B3LYP/6-311++G**) to model both arylhydroxylamine-O-sulfonate and nitrenium ion pathways in a series of aromatic amines. The transition state calculations revealed two possible energetically feasible pathways for the rearrangement of arylhydroxylamine-O-sulfonate to arylamine o-sulfate. Additionally, we computationally modeled the feasibility of the reaction of aniline and tetrathionate to yield 2-aminothiophenol product via Boyland-Sims Oxidation reaction. The results indicate tetrathionate ion is less reactive with aniline than the peroxydisulfate ion.
Developing and Expanding the Networks of Peanut Seed Producers of Department of Agriculture Thailand
Authors:   Suphanburi Research and Development Centre, Department of Agriculture, Thailand., Changjai Rapeepun , Thinkum Parkpoom ,   KhonKaen Research and Development Centre, Department of Agriculture, Thailand, Suphasutthirangkun Chanantawat ,   Chiangmai Seed Research and Development Centre, Department of Agriculture, Thailand, Khieowichai Choeratphachra ,   Lopburi Seed Research and Development Centre, Department of Agriculture, Thailand
Published: April 2024

Developing and expanding the networks of peanut seed producers of the Department of Agriculture. The objective is to develop and expand a network of seed producers ppeanut varieties are sold with quality appropriate to the local conditions farmers can produce peanut seeds and store the seeds for their own use be sold to farmers in need in nearby areas there is an increase in peanut seeds for use within the country and selecting farmers who produce peanuts in important production areas of Thailand, including Lopburi province Lampang province and Khon Kaen province by transfer the technology for producing peanut certified seed or extension seed is choosing a planting area, planting, disease and insects, roguing, seed conditioning, harvest and seed quality. Farmers produce peanut seeds under the guidance of the Department of Agriculture with monitoring and solve problems to develop farmers to be able to produce quality peanut seeds and developed into a network of peanut seed producers of the Department of Agriculture. In 2022, there were 15 network farmers able to produce of seed yield 8,406 kg. Seed quality, Moisture 5.3%, Germination 78.7% and Purity 97.3%. In 2023, there were 30 additional network farmers able to produce of seed yield 15,478 kg. Seed quality, Moisture 6.7, Germination 79.1% and Purity 96.3% which complies with peanut seed quality standards certified seed or extension seed.
A influência dos indicadores de desempenho de recursos humanos na tomada de decisão: um estudo com gestores do Distrito Federal e entorno
Authors: Borges Paulo Cesar Rodrigues , Ramos Bruno de Alcântara
Published: April 2024

A tomada de decisão, presente no quotidiano das pessoas, permeia os mais dinâmicos e diversos cenários, dentre eles os organizacionais. Assim, tão importante quanto a tomada de decisão estão os indicadores de desempenho, também conhecidos por KPI’s (Key Performance Indicators), fornecendo informações e demonstrando a mensuração de resultados aos negócios. Ambos os temas são explorados no estudo em questão, com investigações bibliográficas e análises estatísticas de regressão, o que permite a possibilidade de explicar a influência dos indicadores sobre a tomada de decisão. O estudo contou com a realização de uma pesquisa survey, com a participação de 432 gestores da iniciativa privada do Distrito Federal e Entorno, que forneceram informações quanto ao perfil socioeconômico, as características principais dos perfis dos tomadores de decisão e a sua interação com o tema indicadores de desempenho de recursos humanos. Mediante testes estatísticos, verificou-se que não há um modelo explicativo para o que se investigou, evidenciando que não há influência significativa quanto à utilização dos indiciadores de desempenho de recursos humanos na tomada de decisão dos gestores de organizações privadas do Distrito Federal e do Entorno. O estudo amplia possibilidades de novas agendas de investigação que busquem relações com as variáveis utilizadas e sua replicabilidade em outros cenários, além de concitar que organizações trabalhem a respectiva temática.
As TICS como ferramenta pedagógica de aprendizagem de língua portuguesa escrita, para surdos da EJA
Authors: Ribeiro Luana Machado , Correia Patrícia Carla da Hora
Published: April 2024

A Educação de Jovens e Adultos surdos traz em si uma gama de desafios e especificidades referentes a interseccionalidade de minorias a que pertencem. O indivíduo surdo precisa de adaptações metodológicas no aprendizado de língua portuguesa, como segunda língua, alinhadas ao uso da Libras. Daí surge a pergunta de pesquisa: O que fazer para potencializar o aprendizado da língua portuguesa dos surdos da EJA com suporte digital? Baseado nesse questionamento, o objetivo desse trabalho de pesquisa é refletir acerca da utlidade das ecnologias de Informação e Comunicação na aprendizagem do aluno surdo de língua portuguesa escrita, em uma perspectiva bilingue.
Efeitos da aplicação de bioestimulante à base de extrato de alga Ascophyllum nodosum na cultura da soja
Authors: Stormowski Juliano , Baldoni Daiana Bortoluzzi , Drescher Marta Sandra , Silva Danni Maisa da , Bohrer Robson Evaldo Gehlen , Souza Eduardo Lorensi de
Published: April 2024

A produção e demanda por soja (Glycine max) vem crescendo ano após ano. Para suprir as necessidades mundiais, o sistema de produção deve superar alguns desafios que se impõem, mormente aqueles ligados às tecnologias do manejo das plantas. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características produtivas na cultura da soja em função do tratamento de sementes com fungicidas (Piraclostrobina, Tiofanato Metílico e Fipronil), micronutrientes Cobalto e Molibdnênio e bioestimulante produzido a partir de extrato de algas Ascophyllum nodosum. Foram testados e avaliados três tratamentos, com quatro repetições, sendo: T1- semente nua; T2- semente tratada com Fungicida; T3- semente tratada com Fungicida+ Bioestimulante à base de algas. Avaliou-se a germinação das sementes, comprimento radicular, massa seca da parte aérea, peso de mil grãos (PMG) e produtividade da cultura. Os resultados observados indicam que o uso associado de Fungicida+Bioestimulante à base de algas promoveu efeito positivo na emergência de plantas, comprimento radicular máximo, PMG, produtividade da soja e a massa seca da parte aérea, no estágio inicial da cultura.
Cidades, trajetórias e afetos: estratégias utilizadas por um grupo de familiares de vítimas da violência urbana para habitar espaços de dor e de sofrimento
Authors: Pereira Amanda Gomes
Published: April 2024

O contexto da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, a partir da década de 90, passou a ser caracterizado pelos conflitos ligados ao tráfico de entorpecentes e pelos discursos de criminalização da pobreza. As cenas que circularam – e ainda circulam – mundialmente narram notícias de uma guerra particular, baseadas em imagens que sustentam discursos sobre uma guerra que faz parte da realidade cotidiana. Nesse cenário, familiares de vítimas da violência urbana transitam por diferentes esferas na busca por justiça. Este artigo descreve as redes estabelecidas e os espaços político-religiosos transitados por familiares de vítimas fatais da violência urbana, bem como os entrelaçamentos desses espaços na elaboração de narrativas de luto e dor. O intuito é demonstrar como os espaços compartilhados pelos familiares de vítimas se relacionam com os mecanismos de gestão de vida e morte na metrópole carioca. A partir da peregrinação desses pais e mães aos centros e sessões espíritas, movidos pela manutenção da comunicação com seus filhos e filhas, surgem narrativas sobre justiça que mesclam diferentes perspectivas sobre o justo – como o da cosmologia espírita e do sistema penal brasileiro –, ampliando as possibilidades de elaboração do luto. Esses rearranjos discursivos constroem novos circuitos e novas formas dessas famílias habitarem a cidade.
The correlation between deferred taxes, tax accruals and cash fl ows of Russian companies
Authors: Aksent'ev A. A.
Published: April 2024

This paper confirms the informational value of deferred taxes for assessing tax accruals and their corresponding cash flows. Currently, many experts point out that recording tax effects distorts the perception of financial reality and does not lead to optimal business decisions, and modern research denies the connection of balance sheet deferred taxes with future cash flows at all. The above aspects are considered and tested for Russian organizations for the period of 2012–2018 using standard econometric analysis techniques. The inclusion of deferred tax factors leads to significant volatility in both tax accruals and tax cash flows, depending on which net deferred tax position is held by the economic entity. The findings show that with active positions, national organizations accrue almost 7.8–10.0% more and at the same time pay 8.1–8.7% less tax to the budget relative to other situations. Based on the confirmed hypotheses, the study develops a conceptual scheme to link tax accruals with deferred tax positions, which allows us to analyze the current corporate tax behavior of a company and its potential tax opportunities. The results show that the change in tax accruals in the structure of financial profit before tax on average increase tax cash flows 1.28–1.41 times, while tax accruals increase 0.46–0.54 times with a 1% increase in tax cash flows. The statistical significance of dividend (income payments to business owners) and investment policy (acquisition of non-current assets) factors for the evaluation of tax accruals and cash flows is also established. The findings provide a wide range of tools for further research in profit stability analysis, bankruptcy signs, and solvency of Russian organizations.
The methodology of defining scarce resources of economy
Authors: Moiseev N. A. , Nazarova D. I. , Semina N. S.
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this work is to develop a methodology for identifying scarce industries based on the system of “Input — Output” tables. The theoretical basis of the study is the basic assumptions and principles of macroeconomics and economic theory. With close interconnection of all spheres of the economy, sectors that are in a state of deficit can have a negative impact on other elements of the system, including those that are strategically important for the state. The reason for the deficit is the inability to meet the consumer demand by the industries that experience the lack of production capacity. Thus, the timely identification of such industries is a crucial task for government agencies in order to promptly develop a set of preventive measures. The paper proposes the method to determine the optimal price, the deviation from which signals the rise or fall in scarcity. The calculation of the optimal price is carried out by finding the point of maximum added value of the industry for a given demand function. The model takes into account factors such as its elasticity and changes in the level of economic costs of production. Model experiments demonstrate the effect of a change in the slope coefficient of this function on the dynamics of the scarcity of industries. We also carried out the analysis of average annual and cumulative deficit in Russia, as well as the peculiarities of the behavior of each of the sectors presented in the “Input — Output” tables. Finally, the authors assess the degree of influence of global financial shocks, such as the 2008 crisis, on industries with elastic and inelastic demand. This model can be applied by the public sector in analyzing the current economic situation and creation of a financial development strategy.