bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased IRS2 mRNA Expression in SGA Neonates: PCR Analysis of Insulin/IGF Signaling in Cord Blood
Authors: Fujimoto Masanobu , Sonoyama Yuki Kawashima , Fukushima Kenji , Imamoto Aya , Miyahara Fumiko , Miyahara Naoki , Nishimura Rei , Yamada Yuko , Miura Mazumi , Adachi Kaori , Nanba Eiji , Hanaki Keiichi , Kanzaki Susumu
Published: October 2017

Context

Hypoglycemia is the most common metabolic problem among small-for-gestational-age (SGA) neonates. However, the pathological mechanism and insulin/ insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling axis in neonates remain unknown.

Objective

To determine the insulin/IGF axis in neonates, we analyzed the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of insulin/IGF signaling in fetal umbilical cord blood.

Setting

The Perinatal Medical Center of Tottori University Hospital.

Participants

Fifty-two [42 appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) and 10 SGA] neonates.

Interventions

Immediately collected cord blood was placed into a PAXgene Blood RNA Tube. Total RNA from the blood was purified using reagents provided in the PAXgene Blood RNA Kit within 4 days, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed.

Main Outcome Measure

Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was applied to evaluate the mRNA expression of insulin receptor (INSR), IGF-I receptor (IGF1R), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), IRS2, and glucose transporters (SLC2A2 and SLC2A4). β-Actin was used as a control gene.

Results

Serum glucose and IGF-I levels in SGA neonates were significantly lower. The cord serum insulin levels were similar between AGA and SGA neonates. The IRS2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in SGA than in AGA neonates (P < 0.05). The IRS2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in hypoglycemic SGA neonates than in normoglycemic SGA neonates.

Conclusions

We determined that intrauterine growth restriction induces increased IRS2 mRNA expression in cord blood, without hyperinsulinemia. The increased expression of IRS2 mRNA might be associated with abnormal glucose metabolism in SGA neonates. Our findings might lead to the elucidation of abnormal glucose metabolism in SGA neonates.
Anesthesia Simulator-Based Functional Capacity Evaluation of an Anesthesiologist After Radial Fracture: A Case Report
Authors: Suarez Ceferina , Maxide Jesús , Szyld Demian , Maestre Jose M.
Published: October 2017

We used simulation as a job-specific functional capacity evaluation method after a distal radius fracture in an anesthesiologist. Treatment included open reduction followed by an internal fixation with an arthrodesis plate. The patient performed simulated anesthesia inductions to assess her response to endotracheal intubation, bag-mask ventilation, and the manual opening of the airway. Data collected helped to guide the rehabilitation protocol, and to assess pain and the time to safely return to work. The patient began her clinical duties after 7 weeks of therapy and was able to fully perform her daily tasks with confidence, and full functional capacity.
Alcohol use among medical students: a possible risk for future doctors? Uso de Álcool entre Estudantes de Medicina: um possível risco para futuros médicos?
Authors: Parente Ezequiel Aguiar , Ferreira Guilherme Emilio , Almeida Beatriz de Cavalcante , De Alencar Filho José Isnack Ponte , De Souza Jessica Nascimento , Lima Jose Wellington Oliveira , Almeida Gilson Holanda
Published: October 2017

Introduction: The use of psychoactive drugs in the world population increased until 2011 as well the alcohol consumption of university students. Many studies have appointed factors that may aggravate the problem. Objective: To evaluate the alcohol use by medical students in a private medical institution in Fortaleza, Ceará. Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional study developed from July of 2015 to May 2016. Two instruments for collecting data were used: one related to socioeconomic, demographic, and nosographic data; and the AUDIT, the most used instrument for evaluating alcohol disturbance. There were 502 students enrolled from the first to the eighth semester. The sample was composed by 384 students, representing 76.5% of the eligible population. Results: The prevalence of risk related to use of alcohol was 36%. 62% of the students were female; 61.9% single; the age average was 22 years. The AUDIT’s average score was 6.1 points. The majority of the students (64%) were classified as low risk use or abstinence (Zone I), while others 36% were located in different levels of risk. 37% had a positive family history for alcoholism, and only 28 (7.3%) had mental illness diagnosis. Variables as to being male, non-practicing religious, being sexually active, having a steady partner, concomitant use of tobacco and illicit drugs, living without the parents and hanging out with friends addicted to drinking were found to be risk factors for the abuse of alcohol. Conclusion: Data showed a high prevalence on the studied population in regard to risk related to the use of alcoholic beverages. The gravity of the problem demands health care and educational efforts to face it.
Prevalência de dislipidemias e fatores de risco associados
Authors: De Oliveira Lorena Braz , De Carvalho Izabela Borges , Dourado Carla Solange Melo Escórcio , Dourado José Charles Lima , Do Nascimento Matheus Oliveira
Published: October 2017

Introdução: A dislipidemia caracteriza-se pela elevação dos níveis plasmáticos de colesterol de baixa densidade (LDL-c), redução dos níveis de colesterol de alta densidade (HDL-c) e/ou aumento de triglicérides (TG). Essas alterações evidenciam o risco para doenças cardiovasculares (DCV) e uma alta probabilidade de ocorrência de morte por eventos coronarianos. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de dislipidemia e fatores de risco associados em pacientes ambulatoriais do hospital universitário da Universidade Federal do Piauí. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, no qual a amostra foi constituída por 124 pacientes. Foram analisados os principais fatores de risco modificáveis: sobrepeso e sedentarismo, e não modificáveis: idade e sexo. Resultados: Foram selecionados 137 pacientes para participarem do estudo, porém 13 foram excluídos, pois apresentavam dados incompletos, permanecendo 124 pacientes. Os fatores de risco modificáveis mais prevalentes no estudo foram sobrepeso (75,86%) nos homens com dislipidemia e 84,48% nas mulheres com dislipidemia. O sedentarismo foi observado em 69% dos homens com dislipidemia e 61% das mulheres com dislipidemia. Os fatores de risco associados à dislipidemia foram a hipertensão, o diabetes mellitus e o tabagismo. Conclusões: A partir da realização deste estudo foi possível concluir que a maioria dos pacientes não tinha conhecimento prévio de seu perfil lipídico; a dislipidemia mais prevalente foi a hipertrigliceridemia isolada e o fator de risco mais prevalente foi o sobrepeso. Faz-se necessário o maior acompanhamento desses pacientes, aconselhando-os em relação a seus hábitos de vida para que possam ter uma melhor qualidade de vida.
Uso regular de plantas medicinais para fins terapêuticos em famílias residentes na zona rural de Santo Antônio de Jesus – Bahia – Brasil
Authors: Santos Raíssa Silva , Mota Luiz Henrique Silva , Marques Bruno Carvalho , Reis Leonardo Bispo , Silva Caillan Farias , Cardoso Lima Darcy Andrade , Albuquerque Wesley Araújo , Deiró Luan Rocha , Amor Ana Lúcia Moreno
Published: October 2017

Introdução: O uso de plantas medicinais é uma prática comum de cuidado primário nas populações em geral. Foi introduzido no Brasil, por influência das culturas indígena, africana e europeia e caracteriza-se por ser oriundo do conhecimento e da tradição popular. Objetivos: Sendo o Recôncavo da Bahia uma região de forte influência africana, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o uso das principais plantas medicinais e identificar seu uso pela população de um de seus municípios, valorizando o acervo cultural e o saber popular de seus moradores quanto aos benefícios que essas plantas trazem para a população. Metodologia: Para a obtenção dos dados, foi aplicado um questionário sociodemográfico, contendo questões sobre o uso de plantas para fins medicinais em chás ou xaropes com 154 entrevistados. Resultados: Desse universo de pessoas, 74,71% tinham o costume de usar remédios caseiros e 60,0% eram do gênero feminino. Os vegetais mais citados para fins medicinais foram: Lippia alba (n=71), Cymbopogon citratus (n=31), Pimpinella anisum (n=30), Peumus boldus (n=14), Plantago major e Ocimum basilicum (n=13 cada); sendo utilizados principalmente como calmante, dores em geral e contra gases. Quanto ao local de obtenção dos vegetais, os entrevistados cultivavam a planta (94,6%), pegavam do cultivo de amigos e vizinhos (1,8%), compravam na feira livre (1,8%), compravam em farmácia ou adquiriam de outros lugares (0,9%). Conclusões: Os dados evidenciam a relevância da prática do uso de plantas para manutenção da saúde dos moradores do município pesquisado, sendo parte integrante de seu contexto sociocultural. As diferentes finalidades do uso de plantas para fins medicinais mostram que mais estudos são necessários para avaliar as propriedades dessas plantas e seus efeitos no organismo humano.
Profilaxia antirrábica humana pós-exposição: características dos atendimentos no estado do Ceará, 2007-2015
Authors: Cavalcante Kellyn Kessiene , Florêncio Caroline Mary , Alencar Carlos Henrique
Published: October 2017

Introdução: A profilaxia antirrábica pós-exposição é indicada para pessoas expostas ao vírus rábico. Todos os atendimentos devem ser cadastrados na ficha de notificação do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Sinan). O objetivo do estudo foi caracterizar o perfil dos atendimentos antirrábicos humanos no estado do Ceará, no período de 2007 a 2015. Métodos: O estudo é descritivo e transversal. Os dados das fichas de investigação de atendimento antirrábico humano do Ceará foram organizados em planilhas e calculadas as frequências absolutas e relativas das variáveis socioeconômicas e clínicas dos casos atendidos. Resultados: Nesse período, houve 231.694 notificações de atendimentos antirrábicos, sendo 53,4% dos indivíduos do sexo masculino. A faixa etária com maior incidência foi a de 20 a 29 anos (12,9%) e 69,9% dos casos residiam na zona urbana. A espécie agressora predominante foi a canina (70,0%), sendo a mordedura o tipo de agressão mais presente (85,2%), localizada principalmente nas mãos/pés (37,6%). Do total de agressões por cães e gatos, 86,5% eram passíveis apenas de observação, no entanto, o tipo predominante de tratamento foi a observação do animal agressor e a vacina (49,9%). Conclusões: A elevada indicação de tratamento antirrábico sugere que a observação do animal agressor e uma avaliação criteriosa do perfil epidemiológico podem reduzir a prescrição desnecessária de vacina antirrábica humana e o desperdício de recursos. É fundamental que os profissionais de saúde sigam as Normas Técnicas do Ministério da Saúde e atuem de forma integrada para instituir o tratamento antirrábico pós-exposição, com critério e segurança.
ТРАНСФЕРТНАЯ ЦЕНА КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ НЕЛЕГАЛЬНОГО ПОВЕДЕНИЯ ХОЛДИНГА
Authors: Elistratova Evgeniya Vasilevna
Published: October 2017

С точки зрения институционального подхода трансфертное ценообразование определяется как взаимоотношение, строящееся на условиях, льготных по отношению к рынку, которое в свою очередь является определенным инструментом регулирования хозяйственных связей внутри холдинга. Следует отметить, что внутри холдинга существует свой собственный внутренний рынок, а значит, существует внутренняя торговля, следовательно, имеет место и трансфертное ценообразование. Использование трансфертных цен возможно только при наличии нескольких аффилированных лиц, чем характеризуется структура всех современных холдинговых компаний. Положительный аспект использования трансфертных цен связан с повышением эффективности управления и конкурентоспособности холдинга. Однако многие международные компании прибегают к манипулированию трансфертными ценами с целью оптимизации своих налоговых обязательств. Следовательно, выявлена необходимость снижения налоговых рисков при использовании трансфертных цен, необходимость контроля за трансфертным ценообразованием, прежде всего контроль за сделками между аффилированными лицами и обозначены меры государства по ограничению трансфертного ценообразования.Цель определить нелегальное поведение холдинга в современных условиях рыночного хозяйствования за счет использования трансфертных цен.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались сравнительный метод, а также методы формальной логики (анализ и синтез, индукция и дедукция, абстракция, обобщение).Результаты: выявлены и проанализированы условия, при которых трансфертные цены выступают как нелегальный инструмент функционирования холдинговых компаний.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты исследования могут быть использованы в работе компаниями, применяющих трансфертное ценообразование для эффективного управления функционированием компаний холдинга.
ПОВЕДЕНЧЕСКИЕ ФАКТОРЫ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ МОДЕРНИЗАЦИИ В ЭКОНОМИКЕ РОССИИ
Authors: Iakovleva Elena Ludvigovna , Seliverstova Nataliya Sergeevna , Grigoryeva Olga Vitalievna
Published: October 2017

налитические подходы к проведению технологической модернизации зависят от условий, которые те или иные исследователи принимают за базовые (индустриальный, институциональный подходы). В статье рассматриваются факторы, учет которых необходим для успеха проектов по внедрению технологических новшеств (информационные систем и т.п.) на организациях различной направленности в экономике России (госучреждения, организации финансового и реального секторов экономики).Цель: определение поведенческих факторов, которые необходимо учитывать при проведении технологической модернизации в экономике России.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались логико-исторические методы, а также общенаучные методы анализа.Результаты: выделены некоторые наиболее информативные факторы, которые оказывают влияние на реализацию процессов по внедрению технологических новшеств в экономике России.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять экономическими субъектами, осуществляющими или планирующими технологические изменения.
ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЕ ЦЕЛЕВЫХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ОБОРОННОГО ЗАКАЗА
Authors: Smurov Alexander Mikhailovich
Published: October 2017

Формирование и реализация государственного оборонного заказа в настоящее время является актуальной задачей. Эффективность её решения находится в прямой зависимости от степени научно-методического сопровождения соответствующих мероприятий, одним их которых является процесс прогнозирования целевых показателей государственного оборонного заказа.Цель статьи – разработка методики прогнозирования количественных значений целевых показателей государственного оборонного заказа.Используемые методы исследования: метод анализа и синтеза, экономико-математическое моделированиеОсновные результаты: построена система целевых показателей государственного оборонного заказа, разработана методика прогнозирования их количественных значений, выявлено место государственного оборонного заказа в системе обеспечения национальной безопасности государства.
УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНЫМ КАПИТАЛОМ ХОЗЯЙСТВУЮЩЕГО СУБЪЕКТА: ПОНЯТИЕ, ПРИНЦИПЫ, ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЕ СИНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОГО ЭФФЕКТА
Authors: Ustinova Olga Evgenievna
Published: October 2017

Вопросы эффективного управления интеллектуальным капиталом хозяйствующих субъектов в современных условиях становятся особенно актуальными и требуют подробного изучения. С этой целью в данной статье приводится анализ основных научных подходов к управлению интеллектуальным капиталом, на основе которых уточнено его понятие. В работе рассматриваются общие управленческие принципы. Предыдущие исследования показывают, что в отношении принципов управления интеллектуальным капиталом они рассматривались в основном с точки зрения системного подхода. На базе изученного материала выделены управленческие принципы, касающиеся движения интеллектуального капитала и его компонентов, в том числе человеческого, организационного и клиентского. Кроме того, обозначен синергетический эффект, появляющийся в результате возникновения взаимосвязей и взаимодействия интеллектуальных и материальных ресурсов.
ГЛОБАЛЬНЫЕ ДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ И ФАКТОР ПОЛИТИЧЕСКОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ
Authors: Pribytkov Yuri Borysovych
Published: October 2017

В статье, в контексте демографической трансформации политического и социального мирового ландшафта, а также в социально-политической ситуации реагирования на демографические изменения рассматривается проблема фактора политической культуры. Автор предлагает взглянуть на систему демографической трансформации политического и социального мирового ландшафта с позиции применения средств социальной власти в мировом политическом процессе.Цель: на основе анализа глобальных демографических тенденций, выявить роль и политической культуры и разработать рекомендации институтам государственного управления и гражданского общества.Метод: автор рассматривает политическую культуру в современных глобальных трансформационных процессах на основе системного подхода.Результаты: сделаны выводы о роли политической культуры и выработаны рекомендации к разработке нормативных документов, связанных с внутренней и внешней политикой.Область применения результатов: материалы проведенного исследования предназначены для использования в работе органов государственного и муниципального управления, а также институтов гражданского общества России.
ECONOMY OF A NON-WASTE ROAD REPAIRING AND COVERING TECHNOLOGY IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
Authors: Izmaylova Dilyara Kyazymovna , Seliverstov Nikolay Dmitrievich
Published: October 2017

The article questions the economic feasibility of the use of a non-waste repairing and restoration technology for the road surfaces. While writing this article there were conducted several analyses, for example: analysis of consumption volumes of mineral components of asphalt mixtures based on the geography of the commodity market, analysis of changes in cost of materials considering transport conditions. Also defined the conditions and preferential types of asphalt concrete processing in different countries.
Pruning Rules for Optimal Runway Sequencing
Authors: De Maere Geert , Atkin Jason A. D. , Burke Edmund K.
Published: October 2017

This paper investigates runway sequencing for real-world scenarios at one of the world’s busiest airports, London Heathrow. Several pruning principles are introduced that enable significant reductions of the problem’s average complexity, without compromising the optimality of the resulting sequences, nor compromising the modeling of important real-world constraints and objectives. The pruning principles are generic and can be applied in a variety of heuristic, metaheuristic, or exact algorithms. They could also be applied to different runway configurations, as well as to other variants of the machine scheduling problem with sequence dependent setup times, the generic variant of the runway sequencing problem in this paper. They have been integrated into a dynamic program for runway sequencing, which has been shown to be able to generate optimal sequences for large-scale problems at a low computational cost, while considering complex nonlinear and nonconvex objective functions that offer significant flexibility to model real-world preferences and real-world constraints. The results shown here clearly demonstrate that, by exploiting the problem structure, complex runway sequencing problems can be solved exactly.
Modifiable Risk Factors for Early Mortality in Low-Risk Penn Class Aa Acute Type A Aortic Dissection Patients – A Descriptive Study
Authors: Olsson Christian
Published: October 2017

Background:
Acute Type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) without end-organ or generalized ischemia is Penn class Aa and considered low-risk. Nevertheless, surgical mortality can be considerable in this subgroup and may be related to modifiable factors. The objective of this study was to analyze 30-day mortality among ATAAD Penn class Aa patients with special reference to modifiable perioperative factors.

Methods:
Among all patients operated for ATAAD from 1990 to 2010, all Penn class Aa patients dying within 30 days were included in a retrospective descriptive study. Pre- and intraoperative variables related to 30-day mortality were retrieved from medical records and analyzed according to avoidable or modifiable errors such as initial misdiagnosis, preoperative delay, adverse events, and forced and unforced additional procedures.

Results:
Overall 30-day mortality was 13% (31/235). Intraoperative death occurred in 32% (10/31) of patients. Among patients not dying intraoperatively, stroke was the most common complication (48%) and cause of death overall, followed by reoperation for bleeding (33%), respiratory failure (24%), and renal failure (14%). Preoperative errors were detected in 48% of patients; one-third had initial misdiagnosis and/or diagnostic delay ≥ 24 hours. Intraoperative error(s) was noted in 74% of patients, mainly involving adverse event(s), forced additional procedures, and assisted bleeding control, with each affecting approximately 45% of patients.

Conclusion:
Modifiable errors in pre- and intraoperative management are not uncommon among Penn class Aa patients and may contribute to 30-day mortality. Efforts should be made to mitigate the effects of modifiable factors to reduce early mortality in low-risk ATAAD.
Foreword
Authors: Ryan Claire , Burcombe Russell , Coleby Tracey
Published: October 2017

Delivering multifaceted, quality care to women living with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) demands professional competence and an advanced level of practice. The breast cancer nursing community is evolving to meet this need as more nurses are appointed specifically for the advanced disease setting, while nurses who previously worked only in early stage disease are now delivering care across the disease trajectory, fulfilling a ‘diagnosis to death’ nursing model.

The MBC nursing community, linked by UK charity Breast Cancer Care and the Roche Nursing Matters programme, offers forums for learning, and provides ongoing support to this group of nurses. This supplement has been commissioned by Roche Products Ltd to continue supporting nurses who treat patients with MBC by sharing learning and best practice, with a view to encouraging innovation in service delivery.
Current treatment of HER 2+ metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Burcombe Russell
Published: October 2017

Historically, HER2-positive breast cancer had a poor prognosis. The development of molecul ar ther apies that target the HER2 receptor has TR ansformed outcomes. Here, the evidence on Anti-HER2 therapies is summarised
A strategy for formulating regulation on CSTDs
Authors: Field Allison , Hughes Gemma , Rowland Sarah
Published: October 2017

This article identifies what steps need to be taken to ensure the mandatory use of closed system transfer devices by all health professionals involved in the hazardous drug journey
Foreword
Authors: Cruickshank Susanne , Henry Richard
Published: October 2017

There is a significant body of evidence describing the benefits of using systemic anti-cancer therapy (SACT) agents, such as chemotherapy, biological, hormone and antibiotics, to treat people diagnosed with cancer (Cancer Research UK, 2017). However, the potential improvements in survival outcomes must be regularly weighed against the risk of adverse health effects associated with exposure to them. For patients, the risks are balanced against the need to treat the cancer. For health professionals, the risks simply result from the occupational exposure that can occur when caring for patients receiving these drugs. Collectively referred to as cytotoxic agents, SACTs are known to be toxic; they are considered carcinogenic to humans, and are classified as hazardous (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), 2010).
Understand the lasting legacy of Marie Curie
Authors: Davis John
Published: October 2017

John Davis kicks off a new series focusing on key scientific figures, starting with Marie Curie. Help pupils to understand both her achievements and the science behind them.
THE INNOVATIVE POLICY OPTIONS FOR COASTAL FISHERIES ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF KWANDANG BAY COASTAL ECOSYSTEM
Authors: Moore Noel Taylor
Published: October 2017

Socio-environmental problems, such as climate change, pollution and habitat destruction, present serious challenges for fisheries economic development. The integration of interventions or investments within a coastal marine ecosystem, a defined spatial area, is considered important in the economic development of local communities leading to the planned outcomes of livelihoods, food security and conservation The coastal marine ecosystem, is the provider of products and services to the local economy adjacent to the ecosystem where the benefit flows, within that area, are interconnected. The roles of science, technology and innovation (STI) are an integral part of these multi-dimensional interventions. Hence the need for an integrated approach for these interventions by government and/or through donor funded projects to enhance economic development of coastal communities. The policy framework proposed is therefore an STI perspective of the links between these intervention and investment options, based on a ‘fisheries economic development Hub’ (Hub) and discussed using the multi-level perspective (MLP). The policy innovation proposal suggests an implementation strategy of a pilot project and analyses the selection and implications of a potential Indonesian site for the application of the Hub. This paper aims to introduce the MLP into the framework of coastal community-based fisheries economic development.

 

Key words: policy innovation. coastal marine ecosystem, fisheries economic development Hub, value chains, multi-level perspective (MLP)
The Digital Archaeology Collection on ScienceOpen
Authors: Hagmann Dominik
Published: October 2017

This collection on ScienceOpen is meant to provide an overview of state-of-the-art contributions to the wide field of digital archaeology. Digital archaeology deals with the implementation of tools, methods, and theories derived from information and communications technology in archaeology and can thereby be seen as some kind of metascience which correlates to all different subdisciplines in the whole field of archaeology (such as Mesoamerican, classical, or post-medieval archaeology).

Within this bibliography, popular articles focusing on this topic as well as highly specialized papers on single aspects are provided, trying to deliver a holistic collection of papers on digital archaeology. The editor continuously tries to keep this collection up to date. Due to technical limitations only journal articles are currently supported.
Aproximación a la desigualdad económica a través de fuentes fiscales bajomedievales: Valls (1378), Sevilla (1384) y Palma (1478)
Authors: Almenar Fernández Luis , Muñoz-Caravaca Guillermo Chismol , Ruiz Domingo Lledó
Published: October 2017

El interés por la desigualdad en la riqueza entre las sociedades preindustriales se ha reavivado con fuerza en la historia económica. Los historiadores consagrados al período bajomedieval, y más concretamente de la Península ibérica, tienen por delante el reto de ponerse a la altura de sus compañeros modernistas. Algo posible gracias a la existencia de métodos de análisis ya desarrollados en la disciplina económica, y de fuentes fiscales basadas en una estimación del patrimonio de los contribuyentes. Con el fin de aproximar el tema, este trabajo analiza tres casos concretos, procedentes de diversas poblaciones peninsulares bajomedievales: Valls (1378), Sevilla (1384) y Palma (1478). En el caso de Valls y Sevilla, se ha recurrido a transcripciones o material ya publicado, mientras que para el caso de Palma se ha estudiado un registro original inédito. La primera parte plantea los límites y posibilidades del uso de estas fuentes para el estudio de la desigualdad en el contexto bajomedieval. La segunda explica los fundamentos de nuestra metodología, basada en el cálculo de coeficientes de Gini y el análisis de la distribución de la riqueza por deciles, aplicada a esta fuente concreta. La tercera y última parte muestra algunos resultados provisionales, fundamentalmente, desde la perspectiva de las desigualdades entre grupos sociales, entre poblaciones rurales y urbanas y, finalmente, entre hombres y mujeres.
Desigualdad, propiedad privada y pensamiento económico en el largo plazo
Authors: Allende Espinosa Adrián , Carvajal De La Vega David
Published: October 2017

El interés actual sobre la desigualdad, acentuado como consecuencia de la crisis económica, no es algo novedoso entre los autores vinculados a la Historia del Pensamiento Económico occidental. El presente estudio realiza un recorrido, desde la Antigüedad a nuestros días, en el que se expone la visión que los principales representantes del pensamiento económico mantenían respecto a la desigualdad. En particular, el trabajo trata de establecer si en este largo camino existe una vinculación clara entre la desigualdad y el triunfo de la propiedad privada en los sistemas económicos occidentales. A través del análisis de textos originales, así como de las consideraciones de los especialistas en el estudio del pensamiento económico, el trabajo muestra una relación, más o menos evidente, entre ambas realidades. Aunque no faltan críticas contra la consolidación de la propiedad privada y la existencia de desigualdad, la primera ha sido plenamente aceptada e integrada en los sistemas económicos contemporáneos, apenas hay debate o cuestionamiento sobre ella. Por otro lado, la desigualdad presenta un panorama diferente. A pesar de reconocer su vigencia y de ser uno de los temas de mayor interés entre la academia, existen diferentes posiciones sobre su origen, su evolución y sobre el nivel de desigualdad de nuestro mundo. El debate en torno a la desigualdad, lejos de agotarse, supone una propuesta atractiva para futuras investigaciones.
¿Qué puede aportar el clima a la historia? El ejemplo del periodo cálido medieval en el Magreb almorávide y almohade
Authors: Frey Sánchez Antonio Vicente
Published: October 2017

En la primera mitad del siglo xi surgió en África Occidental el fenómeno almorávide, que ocupó todo el Magreb al-Aqṣà, e intervino en al-Andalus. En cien años fue sustituido por el almohade, el otro gran movimiento político-religioso, que fue extinguiéndose durante el siglo xiii. Ambos procesos políticos han sido estudiados como fenómenos religiosos que espolearon su expansión. Resulta remarcable que los momentos previos a la expansión almorávide coincidan con la etapa de mayor influencia del Periodo Cálido Medieval en el Sahel, mientras que la desintegración almohade se sitúe en fechas coincidentes con la crisis climática del siglo xiii. Este trabajo analiza los vínculos que tal evento climático pudiera tener con aquellos dos procesos históricos.
Una teja de 1678, aparecida en Calasparra (Murcia), como soporte perdurable de escritura
Authors: Martínez Chico David
Published: October 2017

Se expone a continuación una teja de barro cocido en cuyo lomo se observa incisa una inédita frase, presentando una escritura de tipo procesal tardío, con caracteres ya humanísticos, y una fecha, 1678, la cual marca el año exacto de producción de la teja. Dicha pieza, apareció en un tejado antes de la demolición de una antigua cuadra y un pajar en ruinas que se situaban en la actual Calle del Horno de Calasparra (Murcia). De igual modo, mostraremos los aspectos más significativos de una profesión, hoy desaparecida, como es la del tejero.
Inocencia y holocausto en Hijos de un mismo Dios (2001) de Yurek Bogayevicz
Authors: Barrenetxea Marañón Igor
Published: October 2017

La Segunda Guerra Mundial es, sin duda, el acontecimiento más traumático del siglo xx. Y dentro de la guerra el más singular y desgarrador fue la Shoah, el exterminio del pueblo judío. Los puntos de vista que se han ido ofreciendo sobre este hecho han sido muy diversos, ya sea desde el cine documental o desde el cine de ficción, pasando por innumerables géneros y estilos cinematográficos. Este artículo aborda, en concreto, las claves del filme Hijos de un mismo Dios (2001), de Yurek Bogayevicz, que nos ofrece un revelador, y metafórico, relato de las vivencias de varios niños en la Polonia ocupada y, por lo tanto, de aquel mundo brutal e inhumano, que surgió a la sombra de los campos de la muerte. Bogayevicz condensa la perversidad del nazismo y el efecto tan desgarrador que tuvo para la inocente juventud.
Análisis de la difusión del patrimonio naval y marítimo en la web 2.0: las herramientas de la Cátedra de Historia Naval
Authors: Martínez Solís Lorena , Chaín Navarro Celia , Díaz Pérez Fernando
Published: October 2017

Con el objetivo de hacer llegar a todo el público interesado el Patrimonio Naval y Marítimo que nos ha sido transmitido, la Cátedra de Historia y Patrimonio Naval ha desarrollado una serie de recursos 2.0. Con objeto de perfeccionar los puentes digitales tendidos, se analizan las publicaciones en una de las herramientas generadas, un blog, y su interacción con otra de las que más éxito ha alcanzado, Facebook. Para ello, con una muestra de 250 entradas, se estudian aspectos como su categoría temática y el número de visitas recibidas, así como los me gusta, recompartidos y los comentarios recibidos, tanto por las publicaciones de la bitácora como por sus réplicas en la red social. Los resultados muestran que los temas más consultados, aparte de los genéricos, son leyendas y mitos marineros e Historia de la Construcción Naval; en el blog se reciben un mayor número de visitas pero más dispares, mientras que en la red social se obtienen menos pero más regulares; se obtienen más me gusta en Facebook que en la bitácora, pero en ambas herramientas aumentan progresivamente; los recompartidos crecen considerablemente en el último tercio del período; los comentarios, por su parte, se producen en mayor medida en el blog. Finalmente, se concluye que se ha realizado una gestión bastante eficiente de las aplicaciones de comunicación 2.0 analizadas, pero para optimizarlas de cara al futuro se deben pulir algunas cuestiones.
miR-214 modulates cisplatin sensitivity of osteosarcoma cells through regulation of anaerobic glycolysis
Authors: Song Y-D. , Li D-D. , Guan Y. , Wang Y-L. , Zheng J.
Published: October 2017

Osteosarcoma is the most frequent primary bone tumor originating from adolescents and young adults. Despite improvements in the chemo- or radio- therapy of osteosarcoma patients, survival rate has not increased and drug resistance becomes a major factor that limits the effectiveness. Therefore, investigation of new treatment modalities is urgently required to optimize therapeutic options. Our previous study described an oncogenic role of miR-214 through promotion of osteosarcoma cells proliferation. In this study, we report miR-214 contributes to cisplatin resistance in osteosarcoma cells. Overexpression of miR-214 decreased the cisplatin sensitivity. By establishing an osteosarcoma cisplatin resistant cell line, we find miR-214 is significantly upregulated in cisplatin resistant cells. Moreover, we show miR-214 promotes anaerobic glycolysis rates of osteosarcoma cells but suppresses mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Consistently, cisplatin resistant cells exhibit upregulated glycolysis but decreased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, a phenotype called "Warburg effect”. Finally, we demonstrate inhibition of glycolysis by either glycolysis inhibitor or miR-214 inhibition significantly re-sensitizes cisplatin resistant osteosarcoma cells. In summary, this study illustrates a miRNA-involved chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma and will contribute to the developments of therapeutic agents for the anti-chemoresistance treatments.
Antioxidant activities, anticancer activity and polyphenolics profile, of leaf, fruit and stem extracts of Pistacia lentiscus from Tunisia
Authors: Yemmen M. , Landolsi A. , Ben Hamida J. , Mégraud F. , Trabelsi Ayadi M.
Published: October 2017

Plant derived compounds have played an important role in the development of several clinically useful anticancer drugs. The aim of the present study was 1) to evaluate for the first time the anti-proliferative activity of a polyphenol enriched extract obtained from leaf, fruit and stem of Tunisian variety of Pistacia lentiscus against two cultured cancer cells, and 2) to carry out a phytochemical analysis of vegetable extracts particularly by determining the chemical composition of phenolics (total polyphenols, flavonoids and condensed tannins content in solvents with varying polarities), 3) to  evaluate the antioxidant activity and identify the major compounds by RP-HPLC. Leaf extract using methanol/water (8:2) showed the highest polyphenol content (124.1 mg GAE/g DW). Moreover, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power and antiradical capacities against DPPH were maximal in leaf extracts with IC50 significantly lower than that standard (BHT). In MTT assay, methanol (8:2) extract exerted the most potent cytotoxic effect. The leaf extract exhibited an important antiproliferative activity (IC50: 135.67 ± 2.5 and 250.45 ± 1.96 Î¼g/ml in CaCo2 and AGS cells respectively) but the infusion extracts of fruit stems and leaves were inactive. The RP-HPLC analysis revealed the presence of several phenolic compounds in P. lentiscus leaf, fruit and stem including tannic acid, gallic acid, digalloyl quinic acid derivative, quercetin and   p-coumaric acid as major phenolics. The high phenolic content and the important antioxidant activities of P. lentiscus extract could be a useful source of natural products and may be increasingly important for human consumption, prevention of damages caused by oxygen free as well as for the agro-food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.
Cloning and expression of rice glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in Escherichia coli
Authors: Kariminik A. , Saeidi M. , Parsia P.
Published: October 2017

Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) converts L-glutamate to g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which is a non-protein amino acid present in all organisms with some activities including improvement of neurve and cytoskeltal functions. Therefore, GAD is considered as a key molecule to use in molecular therapy of genetical human diseases. Accordingly, cloning of GADs from various plants is an important aim of researchers. The aim of this study was to clone rice (Oryza sativa L.) GADs in Escherichia coli (E.coli) MC 1061 bacterium.In this study, rice GADs was cloned in E.coli in both 37°C and 28°C. Two concentrations of Isopropyl-Î²-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) (0.5mM and 1mM) were investigated in TB medium. Purification was done with Ni2+-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) resin in various concentration of imidasol. According to SDS-PAGE analysis, rice GADs was cloned and expressed successfully in E.coli MC 1061 bacterium and the most expression was done in 37°C and 0.5mM IPTG and the best concentration of imidasol was 100mM for purification step. Based on the results, rice GADs can be expressed in E.coli MC 1061 bacterium and, hence, it is a suitable way to produce the plant enzyme in industrial scales.
Bacterial etiology and antibiotic resistance pattern of septicemia in HIV and non-HIV patients admitted to tertiary care hospitals, Shiraz, South of Iran
Authors: Ghassabi F. , Hashempour T. , Moghadami M. , Davarpanah M. A. , Kalani M. , Chatrabnous N. , Halaji M. , Shahraki H. R. , Hadi N.
Published: October 2017

The present study aimed to determine the bacteriological etiology and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of sepsis in HIV infected and HIV uninfected patients, and related risk factors to introduce an appropriate therapy. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2014 to January of 2015 enrolling patients with sepsis associated with or without HIV infection admitted to Shiraz teaching hospitals, South of Iran. Blood and urine cultures were performed and standard microbiological methods were followed for isolation and identification of the bacteria. HIV antibody testing and CD4+ lymphocyte count were done for HIV-infected patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI recommendations. Totally, 140 patients with sepsis including 30 HIV-positive, and 110 HIV-negative were enrolled. Our finding showed 26.7% and 20% blood and urine culture positivity in HIV-positive and 20.9% and 14.5% positivity in HIV-negative patients. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) each with frequency of 25% were detected as the most prevalent isolates in samples of HIV patients. In contrast, the main etiology for sepsis in HIV-negative patients was CoNS (47.8%), followed by Escherichia coli (17.4%). The median of CD4+ lymphocyte count and viral load in HIV patients were estimated 10.15 cells/mm3 and 68019.48 copies/mL, respectively. The results of the present study revealed that the main cause of sepsis in the studied hospitals was nosocomial pathogens. These findings highlighted the importance of infection control policies for preventing the emergence and spread of nosocomial infections.
Lactobacillus acidophilus versus placebo in the symptomatic treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: the LAPIBSS randomized trial
Authors: Sadrin S. , Sennoune S. R. , Gout B. , Marque S. , Moreau J. , Grillasca J. , Pons O. , Maixent J. M.
Published: October 2017

Irritable bowel syndrome is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by abdominal pain/discomfort and altered bowel habits. The use of Lactobacilli as probiotics during irritable bowel syndrome is based on their interesting mechanisms of action and their excellent safety profile but little is known about their clinical efficacy due to the lack of adequately designed clinical trials. The current clinical trial protocol aims to determine the effects of a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and LAFTI L10 as probiotics to improve irritable bowel syndrome symptoms (LAPIBSS). Eighty patients with a positive diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome according to Rome III criteria were recruited to a multicentre, double-blinded, in parallel groups, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Patients were provided with a daily dose of two capsules with two strains of Lactobacilli (5x109cfu/capsule) or placebo for 8 weeks on a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome is to obtain scores of abdominal pain/discomfort assessed with a 100-mm visual analogue scale. The secondary outcome is to obtain scores of bloating, flatus and rumbling tested with a 100-mm visual analogue scale, composite score, stool frequency and stool consistency/appearance assessed with the Bristol Stool Form scale. According to the hypothesis that abdominal pain is mainly the result of a visceral hypersensitivity, the current study protocol aims to provide high quality proof of concept data to elucidate the efficacy of a consumption of a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus probiotic strains after 8 weeks, for decreasing abdominal pain. Ethical approval was given by ethics committee French Consultative Committee for the Protection of Individuals in Biomedical Research of the South West (Number CPP08-014a) and ANSM (French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety – Number B80623-40). The findings from LAPBISS will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and at scientific conferences. Trial registration: EudraCT N°2008-A00844-51
FAM196B acts as oncogene and promotes proliferation of gastric cancer cells through AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang J. , Tong D. D. , Xue M. , Jiang Q. Y. , Wang X. F. , Yang P. B. , Ni L. , Zhao L. Y. , Huang C.
Published: October 2017

Gastric cancer (GC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, but the mechanisms remain unknown. Here we report that family with sequence similarity 196 member B (FAM196B) is highly expressed in primary GC tissues and the expression level is correlated with the clinicopathologic characteristics of GC. In this experiment, knockdown of FAM196B suppressed GC cell proliferation and induced G1/G0 to S phase cell cycle arrest by regulating Cyclin D1, Cyclin A and CDK2 expressions. Furthermore, we investigated the molecular mechanism of FAM196B action in GC. The results showed that knockdown of FAM196B inhibited the activation of AKT signaling pathway. We further revealed that activating of AKT rescued the effect of FAM196B knockdown on cell proliferation and drove cell re-enter into the S phase of the cell cycle with SC79 (a AKT activator). Our findings demonstrated that FAM196B may promote GC cell proliferation by activating AKT signaling pathway. Taken together, this study provides a new evidence that FAM196B functions as a novel oncogene and could be a potential therapeutic target in therapy of GC.
Protease sensitivity and redistribution of CD71 and glycophorin A on K562 cells
Authors: Yu C-H. , Wang H. , Wang Y. , Cui N-X. , Zhao X. , Rong L. , Yi Z-C.
Published: October 2017

Transmembrane proteins are delivered to plasma membrane from the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex by vesicular transport along with the cytoskeletal network. Disruption of this process likely affects transmembrane protein expression. K562 cells were digested with Streptomyces griseus protease for different periods of time, and then re-cultured with different cytoskeletal and glycosylation inhibitors. Cell viability and surface expression of transferrin receptor (CD71) and glycophorin A (GPA) were analyzed before and after re-culture by flow cytometry. We found that digestion with protease almost completely removed extracellular CD71 and GPA but their expression recovered to the initial levels after re-culture for 8 h and 24 h, respectively. The microtubule depolymerizer colchicine promoted cell surface recovery of CD71 but inhibited that of GPA; the microtubule stabilizer paclitaxel inhibited cell surface recovery of CD71 but promoted that of GPA; the microfilament depolymerizer cytochalasin D had no effect on cell surface recovery of CD71 and GPA; the microfilament stabilizer phalloidin inhibited cell surface recovery of GPA. The glycosylation inhibitor tunicamycin inhibited the recovery of both CD71 and GPA, and BADGP inhibited the recovery of GPA. These studies show differential sensitivities of surface proteins on K562 cells to proteases, and suggest molecular mechanisms of transmembrane protein transport and cycling.
100 years of the prestigious Scottish Institute The Rowett Research Institute: the impact on the development of microbiology in nutrition of domestic animals and humans in Slovenia
Authors: AVGUŠTIN Eva , ZOREC Maša
Published: October 2017

One century is passing by from the foundation of one of the most respected research institutes in the field of animal and human nutrition, the Scottish Institute The Rowett Research Institute (RRI). In addition to the exceptional influence on the development of the science of nutrition itself, RRI researchers have been significantly involved in the development of science of nutrition and, particularly, of microbiology related to animal and human nutrition in Slovenia. Since the early 1980s, several Slovenian microbiologists have visited RRI, conducted research and developed personal contacts, some retained for more than 40 years. The cooperation was extremely fruitful, which is reflected through joint scientific publications and their visibility, the implementation of formal and informal research projects, and the collaboration in organization of international scientific symposiums. Slovenian researchers, who visited the RRI, built their own careers on the basis of the acquired knowledge and significantly contributed to the development of microbiology in Slovenia. They importantly participated in the establishment of a university study of Microbiology, which will shortly celebrate its 25th anniversary, and is due to its achievements the pride of Biotechnical Faculty and of University of Ljubljana.