bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple PML implementation for finite‐difference time‐domain method
Authors: Jiang Haolin , Cui Tiejun
Published: June 2018

Via the auxiliary differential equation method, the authors propose a simple and efficient implementation of the stretched coordinate perfectly matched layer (SC‐PML) in this Letter. The proposal can successfully halve the number of auxiliary variables associated with the PML while maintaining the capacity of the original SC‐PML in terms of simple implementation. Thus, it can achieve a higher computational efficiency in the finite‐difference time‐domain simulations. The effectiveness of this new implementation is verified through an example carried out in a 3D Debye dispersive space.
The MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Field Survey
Authors: Feltre Anna , Bacon Roland , Tresse Laurence , Finley Hayley , Carton David , Blaizot Jérémy , Bouché Nicolas , Garel Thibault , Inami Hanae , Boogaard Leindert A. , Brinchmann Jarle , Charlot Stéphane , Chevallard Jacopo , Contini Thierry , Michel-Dansac Leo , Mahler Guillaume , Marino Raffaella A. , Maseda Michael V. , Richard Johan , Schmidt Kasper B. , Verhamme Anne
Published: June 2018

The physical origin of the near-ultraviolet Mg II emission remains an underexplored domain, unlike more typical emission lines that are detected in the spectra of star-forming galaxies. We explore the nebular and physical properties of a sample of 381 galaxies between 0.70 < z < 2.34 drawn from the MUSE Hubble Ultra Deep Survey. The spectra of these galaxies show a wide variety of profiles of the Mg II λλ2796, 2803 resonant doublet, from absorption to emission. We present a study on the main drivers for the detection of Mg II emission in galaxy spectra. By exploiting photoionization models, we verified that the emission-line ratios observed in galaxies with Mg II in emission are consistent with nebular emission from HII regions. From a simultaneous analysis of MUSE spectra and ancillary Hubble Space Telescope information through spectral energy distribution fitting, we find that galaxies with Mg II in emission have lower stellar masses, smaller sizes, bluer spectral slopes, and lower optical depth than those with absorption. This leads us to suggest that Mg II emission is a potential tracer of physical conditions that are not merely related to those of the ionized gas. We show that these differences in Mg II emission and absorption can be explained in terms of a higher dust and neutral gas content in the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies showing Mg II in absorption, which confirms the extreme sensitivity of Mg II to the presence of the neutral ISM. We conclude with an analogy between the Mg II doublet and the Ly α line that lies in their resonant nature. Further investigations with current and future facilities, including the James Webb Space Telescope, are promising because the detection of Mg II emission and its potential connection with Lyα could provide new insights into the ISM content in the early Universe.
COSMOGRAIL
Authors: Bonvin V. , Chan J. H. H. , Millon M. , Rojas K. , Courbin F. , Chen G. C.-F. , Fassnacht C. D. , Paic E. , Tewes M. , Chao D. C.-Y. , Chijani M. , Gilman D. , Gilmore K. , Williams P. , Buckley-Geer E. , Frieman J. , Marshall P. J. , Suyu S. H. , Treu T. , Hempel A. , Kim S. , Lachaume R. , Rabus M. , Anguita T. , Meylan G. , Motta V. , Magain P.
Published: June 2018

We present time-delay estimates for the quadruply imaged quasar PG 1115+080. Our results are based on almost daily observations for seven months at the ESO MPIA 2.2 m telescope at La Silla Observatory, reaching a signal-to-noise ratio of about 1000 per quasar image. In addition, we re-analyze existing light curves from the literature that we complete with an additional three seasons of monitoring with the Mercator telescope at La Palma Observatory. When exploring the possible source of bias we considered the so-called microlensing time delay, a potential source of systematic error so far never directly accounted for in previous time-delay publications. In 15 yr of data on PG 1115+080, we find no strong evidence of microlensing time delay. Therefore not accounting for this effect, our time-delay estimates on the individual data sets are in good agreement with each other and with the literature. Combining the data sets, we obtain the most precise time-delay estimates to date on PG 1115+080, with Δt(AB) = 8.3+1.5−1.6 days (18.7% precision), Δt(AC) = 9.9+1.1−1.1 days (11.1%) and Δt(BC) = 18.8+1.6−1.6 days (8.5%). Turning these time delays into cosmological constraints is done in a companion paper that makes use of ground-based Adaptive Optics (AO) with the Keck telescope.
A tale of two periods: determination of the orbital ephemeris of the super-Eddington pulsar NGC 7793 P13
Authors: Fürst F. , Walton D. J. , Heida M. , Harrison F. A. , Barret D. , Brightman M. , Fabian A. C. , Middleton M. J. , Pinto C. , Rana V. , Tramper F. , Webb N. , Kretschmar P.
Published: June 2018

We present a timing analysis of multiple XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations of the ultra-luminous pulsar NGC 7793 P13 spread over its 65 d variability period. We use the measured pulse periods to determine the orbital ephemeris, confirm a long orbital period with Porb = 63.9+0.5−0.6 d, and find an eccentricity of e ≤ 0.15. The orbital signature is imprinted on top of a secular spin-up, which seems to get faster as the source becomes brighter. We also analyze data from dense monitoring of the source with Swift and find an optical photometric period of 63.9 ± 0.5 d and an X-ray flux period of 66.8 ± 0.4 d. The optical period is consistent with the orbital period, while the X-ray flux period is significantly longer. We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy, which could be due to a super-orbital period caused by a precessing accretion disk or an orbital resonance. We put the orbital period of P13 into context with the orbital periods implied for two other ultra-luminous pulsars, M82 X-2 and NGC 5907 ULX, and discuss possible implications for the system parameters.
Correlation of time lag and photon index in GX 339-4
Authors: Kylafis Nikolaos D. , Reig Pablo
Published: June 2018

Context. Black hole transients, as a class, exhibit during their outbursts a correlation between the time lag of hard photons with respect to softer ones and the photon index of the hard X-ray power law. The correlation is not very tight and therefore it is necessary to examine it source by source.

Aims. The objective of the present work is to investigate in detail the correlation between the time lag and the photon index in GX 339-4, which is the best studied black hole transient.

Methods. We have obtained RXTE energy spectra and light curves and have computed the photon index and the time lag of the 9–15 keV photons with respect to the 2–6 keV photons. The observations cover the first stages of the hard state, the pure hard state, and the hard-intermediate state.

Results. We have found a tight correlation between time lag and photon index Γ in the hard and hard-intermediate states. At low Γ, the correlation is positive; it becomes negative at high Γ By assuming that the hard X-ray power-law index Γ is produced by inverse Compton scattering of soft disk photons in the jet, we have reproduced the entire correlation by varying two parameters in the jet: the radius of the jet at its base R0 and the Thomson optical depth along the jet τ∥. We have found that as the luminosity of the source increases, R0 initially increases and then decreases. This behavior is expected in the context of the Cosmic Battery.

Conclusions. Our jet model nicely explains the correlation with reasonable values of the parameters R0 and τ∥ These parameters also correlate between themselves. As a further test of our model, we predict the break frequency in the radio spectrum as a function of the photon index during the rising part of an outburst.
Investigation of efficacy of low length-to-diameter ratio and nozzle pressure ratio on base pressure in an abruptly expanded flow
Authors: Ahmed Fharrukh , Khan S. A.
Published: June 2018

This study has been carried out to assess the efficacy of the flow regulations in the form of tiny jets to regulate the pressure in the base region of an abruptly expanded duct. Four tiny jets of 1mm diameter placed at 90° intervals at 6.5 mm distance from the main jet in the wake region of the base were employed as flow management mechanism. The experiments were conducted at the inertia level of M = 2.5 & 3.0. The jets from the nozzles were expanded abruptly into a circular duct with four cross-sectional areas of 2.56, 3.24, 4.84 and 6.25. The L/D ratio of the enlarged duct considered was from 10 to 1 and experiments were conducted for Nozzle Pressure Ratio (NPR) from 3 to 11. Since the jets Mach numbers are high and the highest NPR tested was 11 which imply that the flow remains over expanded, even though, with increase in the NPR, the level of over expansion will decrease. It is well known that for over expanded nozzles an oblique shock will be formed at the nozzle lip, which in turn will result in the increase of the base pressure once it passes through the shock wave. From the results it is observed that for the NPRs 3 and 5 there is no appreciable gain in the base pressure, and hence, control employed as tiny jets are not effective, however, at NPR 7, 9, and 11 there is remarkable change in the base pressure values. This clearly indicates that NPR plays a significant role to decide on the magnitude of the base pressure and the control efficacy of the flow regulation mechanism as the tiny jets. It is found that the present method of flow regulation mechanism can be used as effective regulator of the base flows in an abruptly expanded duct. The control does not alter the nature of the flow in the enlarge duct.
Numerical model for concentration measurement during decomposition of H2O2 over silver catalyst
Authors: Sanjay Vasanth. KB , Gokul Raj. G , Venkatesan M
Published: June 2018

Minimal thrust of the order of few Newton is produced using micro thrusters, which are used for controlling the orientation and trajectory of the satellite or spacecraft. Controlled thrust production of the order of milli Newton is still a challenging task. Green propellants like Hydrogen peroxide are utilized in such applications. The products of this green fuel after decomposition are water in the form of steam and oxygen. The present work involves the simulation of hydrogen peroxide decomposition on silver catalyst which can be used in space propulsion. The simulations are done for flow of 30% hydrogen peroxide concentration when flowing inside a mini channel of size 3.4mm. Helical shaped silver catalyst is positioned inside the tube to enhance the decomposition. The model involves the concentration measurement of the reactants and products and after passing over the catalyst surface. The results will help in choosing the geometry and position of the catalyst to have effective decomposition of the monopropellant.
Enhancement of heat transfer in phase change material using graphite-paraffin composites
Authors: Sathiyaraj. R , Rakesh. R , Mithran. N , Venkatesan. M
Published: June 2018

Phase change materials (PCMs) are energy storage materials which can be used for maintaining a controlled thermal environment for various applications in earth and space. PCMs are used in advanced technologies in aerospace cooling applications like heat exchangers and heat pipes for re-entry vehicles and spacecraft. Paraffin is a phase change material (PCM) commonly used for energy storage-related applications. Paraffin wax exhibits slow thermal response due to low thermal conductivity value (~0.2 W/m K for most paraffin waxes). In the present work, an attempt is made to fabricate a composite PCM using graphite powder. Such a composite material has enhanced thermal conductivity along with reduced melting period which are desirable properties of a PCM during solid to liquid phase change process. The reduction in melting period is indicated by the difference in change in temperature measured by the thermocouples during a specified time. The temperature variation and solid-liquid interface formation during the melting process are experimentally studied. The results showed that composite graphite powder with paraffin can improve the total phase transition time.
Impact of nano-silicon fuel additive on combustion, performance and emission of a twin cylinder CI engine
Authors: Anand Kumar S A , Raja V , Dhivakar Raviram R P , Sakthinathan G
Published: June 2018

Combustion characteristics of a fuel defines its performance and emission characteristics. Enhancement of combustion characteristics is feasible by improvisation of fuel properties. Fuel additives were used for varying fuel properties. The evolution of ‘nano-concept’ develops countless applications in the existing technologies. In this experiment silicon nanoparticles were synthesized by ball milling micron sized silicon particles for 45 hours. The elemental and structural characterizations for the additive material were carried out by EDS, SEM and TEM analysis. Silicon nano additive was mixed in three different weight proportions with diesel to prepare the test fuels. The fuel properties variation with the addition of nano additive were studied. Engine testing was carried out at constant 1200 rpm speed and varying load conditions. Diesel fuel added with 0.5 wt% Si nanoadditive (Si 0.5) showed maximum load carrying ability among the different test fuels. In comparison with diesel at 1200 rpm and 100% load condition, an increase in torque of 5.91% was observed and BTE was increased by 8.93% with a decrease in NOx emission by 27.3%. Variation in the performance and emission characteristics of the fuels were the results of change in heat release rate and combustion timing with the addition of nano additives which could be studied from the combustion characteristic curves.
Mechanical Design and Analysis of Hybrid Mobile Robot with Aerial and Terrain Locomotion Capability
Authors: Koshy Monish , Sreevishnu S. , Krishnan Anjai , P. Das Gautham
Published: June 2018

Although different locomotion mechanisms are available, the use of only one locomotion system in a mobile robot restricts its application scenarios. Hybrid locomotion improves the maneuverability and flexibility of a robot. This paper introduces a hybrid locomotion mobile robot, a combination of quadruped and quadrotor system. The robot has a unique expediency to fly to remote places, then walk to perform close range operations in the field. The prime intention is to use the quadrotor to tackle large objects by flying over it. The four legs provide easy movements in uneven terrain. Thus, this robot can be used in erratic and dynamic environments where stability, maneuverability and flexibility are required. This system can be used as first responders in search and rescue missions, where it responds before human responders gets to the site and get the entire information of the area in detail (like spotting trapped ones, getting detailed 3D mapping etc.). This platform offers unique capabilities suited for search and rescue, disaster zone assistance and surveillances. This paper elucidates the mechanical design and analysis of a hybrid locomotion robot. The solid model of the robot was made using CATIA and further analysis like static analysis, computational fluid dynamics analysis and drop test analysis were performed in ANSYS.
Kinematic Design, Analysis and Simulation of a Hybrid Robot with Terrain and Aerial Locomotion Capability
Authors: Sreevishnu S. , Koshy Monish , Krishnan Anjai , P. Das Gautham
Published: June 2018

Having only one type of locomotion mechanism limits the stability and locomotion capability of a mobile robot on irregular terrain surfaces. One of the possible solution to this is combining more than one locomotion mechanisms in the robot. In this paper, robotic platform composed of a quadruped module for terrain locomotion and quadrotor module for aerial locomotion is introduced. This design is inspired by the way which birds are using their wings and legs for stability in slopped and uneven surfaces. The main idea is to combine the two systems in such a way that the strengths of both subsystems are used, and the weakness of the either systems are covered. The ability of the robot to reach the target position quickly and to avoid large terrestrial obstacles by flying expands its application in various areas of search and rescue. The same platform can be used for detailed 3D mapping and aerial mapping which are very helpful in rescue operations. In particular, this paper presents kinematic design, analysis and simulation of such a robotic system. Simulation and verification of results are done using MATLAB.
Parametric study on free vibration and instability of a functionally graded cracked shaft in a rotor-disc-bearing system: finite element approach
Authors: Gayen Debabrata , Chakraborty Debabrata , Tiwari Rajiv
Published: June 2018

Free vibration and stability analysis are studied for a rotor-disk-bearing system having a radially functionally graded (FG) shaft with a transversely fully open crack, based on finite element (FE) approach. Both viscous and hysteretic internal damping are incorporated in the FE model of FG cracked shaft using two nodded Timoshenko beam element having four degrees of freedom (DOFs) at each node. Material properties of the FG cracked shaft are assumed temperature dependent and graded along radial direction following different material gradation law. FG shaft is made of two constituents material namely zirconia (ZrO2) and stainless steel (SS) where metallic (SS) contain is decreasing towards the outer diameter of the shaft. Extended Hamilton’s principle is employed to derive the system equations of motion (EOMs) of the FG cracked shaft system. A complete code is developed in MATLAB for correcting the formulation of modeling of crack and verified with existing published results. Influences of different material gradient index, temperature gradients, size and location of crack, viscous and hysteretic internal damping, slenderness ratio, and boundary condition on dynamic responses of the FG cracked shaft system are studied.
Selection of cutting parameters for the machinability of Inconel 718 using Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Sunit Rout Ivan , Pal Pandian P.
Published: June 2018

Inconel 718 is considered to be most difficult to machine superalloy because of its high shear strength, work hardening and precipitation hardening. Abrasive particles which are in microstructure have tendency have forming chip to be welded to tool and form built up edge (BUE) making it more difficult to machine. Friction between tool and material and its low thermal conductivity results in high temperature generation. Certain tools such as Ceramics are present which machine this material at prime cutting conditions. This paper addresses the cutting parameters needed most for providing low surface roughness
Utility approach for multi target streamlining of process parameters in wire EDM
Authors: Muniappan A. , Ajithkumar M. , Jayakumar V. , Thiagarajan C. , Sreenivasulu M.
Published: June 2018

This paper depicts the improvement of multireaction enhancement system utilizing utility technique to foresee and select the ideal setting of machining parameters in wire electro-release machining (WEDM) process. Investigations were arranged utilizing Taguchi's L27 orthogonal exhibit. A wide range of Wire EDM control variables such as pulse on time duration, pulse off time duration, servo voltage along with wire feed rate were judged for investigation. Multi reaction enhancement was performed for both cutting pace (CS) and surface unpleasantness (SR) utilizing utility idea to discover the ideal procedure parameter setting. The level of essentialness of the machining parameters for their impact on the CS and SR were controlled by utilizing investigation of fluctuation (ANOVA). In present study utility approach method used to optimize the process parameter in wire EDM of magnesium Al6061/SiC/Graphite hybrid composite with zinc covered brass wire electrode. The approach depicted here is relied upon to be profoundly useful to assembling enterprises, and furthermore different territories, for example, aviation, car and apparatus making businesses. The parameters corresponding to experiment run number 7 are pulse on time 108 units (Level 1), pulse off time 60 units (Level 3), peak current 230 units (Level 3), gap set voltage 60 units (Level 3), wire feed 3 units (Level 1) and wire tension 4 units (Level 1) are the best combination to achieve better surface roughness and cutting speed.
Role of Solar energy and issues in its implementation in the Indian context
Authors: Dixit Saurav , Singh Subhav , Singh Sonali , George Varghese Richu , Kumar Pandey Amit , Varshney Deekshant
Published: June 2018

The main objectives of using renewable energy enable us to attain sustainable growth without compromising the future. India is on the 7th nation in generating renewable energy while the USA, China and Germany are on 1st, 2nd, and 3rd respectively. Secondly, in case of Solar energy, the statistics are: India is on the 7th nation in generating solar energy while China, Japan, and Germany are on 1st, 2nd, and 3rd respectively, Generating 9, 78, 42.8 and 41.2 (GW) gigawatts from solar power. India having great opportunities in generating solar power because of its location and the availability of largely unused land banks throughout the nation. The purpose of the paper is to examine the challenges to the adoption of solar energy as a means of generation of energy and power for the nation’s requirement. The hurdles/factors identified for the study is 16 and a targeted data collection of 105 for the study using convenient sampling technique throughout India. The research finding shall contribute to the existing body of knowledge and provide suggestions to the policymakers, the manufactures and the local bodies working on the ground to implement the solar energy as an alternate energy resource to fossil fuels in India.
The Importance of Scientific Tests In Masonry Heritage Building Conservation In Malaysia
Authors: Chin Ling Tan , Ghafar Ahmad A
Published: June 2018

Since the Portuguese era in Malacca in the 16th century, many authentic colonial heritage buildings were built in Malacca and other parts of Malaysia, most of which were masonry structural buildings. After Melaka and George Town received recognition from UNESCO as World Heritage Sites on 7th July 2008, heritage building conservation in Malaysia has attracted serious attention from various parties. Since the establishment of the National Heritage Department under the National Heritage Act 2005 (Act 645) on 1 March 2006, the implementation of scientific tests in heritage building conservation practice in Malaysia has been encouraged and recommended by the Department. However, scientific tests are normally only conducted in conservation works of National Heritage buildings and some Category I heritage buildings, but not made compulsory for all heritage buildings conservation projects in Malaysia. This paper is based on a research carried out to study the scientific tests conducted in masonry heritage building as part of conservation practice in Malaysia. The research findings revealed that scientific tests such as X-ray fluorescence test, ion chromatography test, moisture test and Schmidt hammer rebound test are important for masonry heritage building conservation in Malaysia. The basic guidelines to conduct the scientific tests derived from the research findings will be able to enhance the current practice in conserving masonry heritage buildings in Malaysia.
Postnatal Care Practices among the Malays, Chinese and Indians: A Comparison
Authors: Mohd Yusoff Zuraidah , Amat Asmiaty , Naim Darlina , Othman Saad
Published: June 2018

In Malaysia, each race has its own traditional medicine practice which has existed for hundreds of years before the coming of modern medicine. Also, each race has many kinds of practices that had been around maintaining the health care of the respective community. All of these races or ethnic groups regard that it is very important for new mothers to be nursed back to health and thus each has its own specific and special postnatal or maternity care. The treatment during the postnatal or confinement period is generally considered to be good and safe and can help the new mother to gain back her health to the pre-pregnancy status. It is also belief that the ingredients used are natural and usually do not caused harm to the mother’s condition. Hence, this paper is the result of the study on the traditional postnatal care practiced by the Malay, Chinese and Indian communities in Malaysia. This study was conducted through interviews and review of literature. The results obtained showed that there are a variety of treatments and practices during postnatal or confinement period for each of the race. In addition, traditional postnatal care during confinement are still being sought after and followed by the different races in Malaysia.
Panglima Laot: His Legacy and Role in Conserving Marine Resources in Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Abdullah Muhammad Adli , Arifin Azmi , Tripa Sulaiman
Published: June 2018

This paper discusses the significance of a historical heritage and its practices based on local wisdom to develop sustainable marine resources in Aceh. Local wisdom can be translated through the examination of the significant role played by the Panglima Laot (Sea Commander) as the enforcer of the Customary Law of the sea in Aceh. This law exists since the glorious era of the Kingdom of Aceh from the 17th century. The role played by the Panglima Laot underlines local wisdom in managing and ensuring the sustainability of the seas, an important economic source for the coastal community in Aceh. The sea is the lifeblood of the Acehnese coastal communities. From a historical point of view, Panglima Laot played a major role in safeguarding and nurturing the sea for the benefits of marine activities and maintaining the marine environment and its natural state, as a common property that should not be destroyed for the good of the future. Panglima Laot also managed marine resources that can be exploited and empowers the population to undertake marine activities in accordance with the customary requirements and the interests of society as a whole. In ensuring the effectiveness of the functions, the role of Panglima Laot is strengthened by the existence of special rules concerning marine and fishing practices established for generations through Adat Laot (Aceh Customary of the sea) to ensure the longterm harmony and sustainability of Aceh's marine resources.
Liebe Leserinnen und Leser
Authors: Buchner Helmut
Published: June 2018

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

ich freue mich, Sie zum Lesen des zweiten Hefts in 2018 der Klinischen Neurophysiologie einladen zu dürfen.
Recurrent Corneal Erosions in Corneal Dystrophies: a Review of the Pathogenesis, Differential Diagnosis, and Therapy
Authors: Omari Amro , Mian Shahzad
Published: June 2018

Introduction Recurrent corneal erosions in corneal dystrophies are visually significant and bothersome to patients. The goal of this article is to review the pathogenesis, differential diagnosis, and management of recurrent corneal erosions in corneal dystrophies.

Patients and Methods Forty-eight articles and 1 textbook recently published on corneal erosions in corneal dystrophies were reviewed. The findings on the pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of erosions in each dystrophy were summarized. Any contradicting opinions for which the literature was unclear were either omitted or recorded as lacking strong evidence.

Results and Conclusions The epithelial-stromal complex plays an important role in the pathogenesis of erosions in corneal dystrophies. The clinical features of each corneal dystrophy guide their diagnosis and management. A better understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical features of erosions in corneal dystrophies can lead to better clinical outcomes.
Arthroscopic Reconstruction of Intratendinous Lesions of the Supraspinatus Tendon – a Systematic Review
Authors: von Knoch Marius , Frosch Stephan , Lehmann Wolfgang
Published: June 2018

Background Intratendinous lesions of the rotator cuff of the shoulder are frequent and may be a distinct clinical entity. Nevertheless, there are only a few publications which deal specifically with this subject. This study analyses the existing literature for the arthroscopic reconstruction of the intratendinous lesion of the supraspinatus tendon, by means of a systematic review, and identifies relevant research questions for future studies.

Material and Methods In January 2017, a systematic review of the U. S. National Library of Medicine/National Institutes of Health (PubMed) Database and the Cochrane Library was conducted using the PRISMA checklist. The search words were “supraspinatus” and “interstitial”; “supraspinatus”, “tear” and “intratendinous”; “supraspinatus” and “concealed”. In the course of the review, articles written in English with at least a partial arthroscopic case series dealing with the reconstruction of the supraspinatus tendon were identified and further analysed.

Results Primarily 70 hits could be generated. Five articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed in detail. The number of arthroscopic cases ranged between 6 and 33. Level of evidence was IV in all studies. The diagnosis of an intratendinous lesion was made by MR imaging when T2/fat-saturated sequences showed an intratendinous high intensity signal without disruption of the bursal or articular layer. Three different concepts were followed in surgical treatment: opening of the intratendinous lesion from the bursal or articular side or by complete resection of the lesion. The reconstruction was performed with suture anchors in all cases. In the majority of cases, an acromioplasty was also performed. The reported clinical results were mostly good. Healing of the tendon was shown by MR imaging in 81.5 to 100% of cases.

Conclusion After failure of conservative treatment, symptomatic intratendinous lesions of the supraspinatus tendon can be localised intraoperatively and reconstructed after failure of conservative treatment. The expected results are good in the medium term. The evidence level of the studies analysed was low. Future studies should examine the role of alternative conservative and surgical therapies.
Unterschiede zwischen der stationären Komplikationsdichte nach einer Ureterorenoskopie und dem durch Patienten berichteten 30 Tages-Outcome – Ergebnisse der deutschen prospektiven BUSTER-Studie
Authors: Wolff Ingmar , May Matthias , Hoschke Bernd , Gilfrich Christian , Peter Julia , Ecke Thorsten , Schostak Martin , Lebentrau Steffen
Published: June 2018

Hintergrund Patienten nach Ureterorenoskopie (URS) werden nach kurzem stationären Aufenthalt entlassen, die Einschätzung der Komplikationsdichte basiert auf der Betrachtung dieses kurzen Zeitfensters. Mit Daten der prospektiven BUSTER-Studie (Bewertung der ureterorenoskopischen Steintherapie – Ergebnisse hinsichtlich Komplikationen, Lebensqualität und Steinfreiheitsrate) sollen hier der Zusammenhang der Komplikationsschwere im stationären und 30-Tages-Verlauf (30-TV) sowie Einflussfaktoren auf die Lebensqualität (LQ) nach Entlassung aus stationärer Behandlung untersucht werden.

Material und Methoden 01/2015 – 04/2015 wurden an 14 deutschen Kliniken Daten von 307 Patienten mit URS als Steintherapie gesammelt. Zudem wurden Komplikationen nach Clavien-Dindo-Graden (CDG) und Angaben zur LQ 30 Tage postoperativ durch Patientenfragebögen erfasst, die von 169/307 Patienten vorlagen. Es wurden drei Subgruppen gebildet: keine Zunahme der CDG im 30-TV (n = 128), Zunahme der CDG ohne Interventionsbedarf (n = 39), Zunahme der CDG mit Interventionsbedarf (n = 2). Der Zusammenhang zwischen diesen Kategorien und den Angaben zur LQ wurde durch Rangsummenkorrelation nach Spearman (ρ) geprüft. Der Einfluss klinischer Parameter auf den Endpunkt „Zunahme der CDG im 30-TV“ wurde mit einem multivariaten logistischen Regressionsmodell untersucht.

Ergebnisse Während des stationären Aufenthalts traten bei 13 Patienten (7,7 %) Komplikationen auf (meist CDG1), 30 Tage postoperativ berichteten 43 Patienten (25,4 %) über Komplikationen (davon 16 CDG2, zwei CDG3). Zwischen einer Zunahme der CDG und allen Aspekten der LQ bestand eine statistisch signifikante Korrelation, am deutlichsten bei Angaben zu Schmerzen (ρ = 0,425; p < 0,001). Nur die Steingröße hatte unabhängigen Einfluss auf den Endpunkt „Zunahme der CDG im 30-TV“ (OR: 1,09; 95 %-KI 1,01 – 1,17; p = 0,040). Die Stenteinlage nach URS hatte bei bemerkenswerter Odds Ratio keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf diesen Endpunkt (OR: 4,19; 95 %-KI 0,64 – 27,32; p = 0,134), was durch eine erhebliche Ungleichverteilung dieses Kriteriums erklärt werden könnte (86,4 % Stent nach URS).

Schlussfolgerungen Betrachtungen zu URS-Komplikationen sollten über die stationäre Behandlung hinaus erfolgen, da es im 30-TV zu einer Zunahme der Komplikationsdichte korrelierend mit einer Verschlechterung der LQ kam. Ob der Verzicht auf die Stenteinlage nach URS zu einer geringeren Komplikationsdichte und besseren LQ beitragen kann, muss durch weitere Studien untersucht werden.
A Rapid Method to Aromatic Aminoalkyl Esters via the Catalyst-Free Difunctionalization of C–N Bonds
Authors: Zhu Qiming , Yang Peng , Chen Mingwei , Hu Jinyu , Yang Luyi
Published: June 2018

A novel multicomponent reaction involving a direct C–N esterification/arylation has been developed. This catalyst-free process was conducted with cyclic tertiary amines via a facile C–N cleavage to provide the alkyl group and nitrogen source. The operationally simple method to rapidly combine cyclic tertiary amines, haloazaarenes and carboxylic acids (or anhydrides) affords an efficient access to aromatic aminoalkyl esters, potential drug-like products, in good to excellent yields.
Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation via Acyl C–H Bond Activation
Authors: Chen Gui , Huang Xueliang , Yu Yinghua
Published: June 2018

Palladium-catalyzed annulation of ortho-bromobenzaldehydes with aryl diazoesters is achieved via a sequence of palladium carbene migratory insertion, acyl C–H bond activation and reductive elimination of a seven-membered palladacyclic intermediate. A variety of isocoumarin derivatives were furnished in a straightforward manner.
Modular Dihydrobenzoazaphosphole Ligands for Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling
Authors: Zhang Yongda , Senanayake Chris , Lao Kendricks , Sieber Joshua , Xu Yibo , Wu Linglin , Wang Xiao-Jun , Desrosiers Jean-Nicolas , Lee Heewon , Haddad Nizar , Han Zhengxu , Yee Nathan , Song Jinhua , Howell Amy
Published: June 2018

A new family of dihydrobenzoazaphosphosphole ligands was prepared and shown to enable modification of the phosphine electronic character by variation of the N-substituent. This new family of phosphines was shown to be highly active in the Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction with hindered coupling partners.
A High-Throughput Approach to Discovery: Heck-Type Reactivity with Aldehydes
Authors: Newman Stephen , Vandavasi Jaya
Published: June 2018

The classical Heck reaction is among the most powerful methods available for the construction of C–C bonds. Modification of this transformation to utilize diverse organohalide coupling partners has resulted in new reactions such as the silyl-Heck, aza-Heck, and boryl-Heck reactions. In contrast, modification of the olefin coupling partner is rare. For instance, use of the π-bond of an aldehyde instead of an alkene would provide ketones via a carbonyl-Heck process. This seemingly minor manipulation of the Heck reaction has proven surprisingly difficult to realize in practice. Through the use of high-throughput ­experimentation techniques, an efficient catalyst system for this transformation was identified, enabling the intermolecular coupling of ­organotriflates and aldehydes to synthesize diverse ketones.
A Heptacyclic Heptacycle: A Doubly Naphtho[b]thiophene Fused Borepin
Authors: Tovar John , Messersmith Reid , Siegler Maxime
Published: June 2018

The synthesis and characterization of a doubly naphtho[b]thiophene fused borepin is reported herein, and the properties are compared to smaller benzo[b]thiophene and thiophene fused borepins. The synthesis involved the preparation of a symmetrical disubstituted alkyne that was reduced to a Z-olefin. This was followed by borepin formation from the alkene directly by way of thieno dilithiation. The electronic properties are consistent with extended benzannulation of the smaller analogues, and the enhancement of the brickwork type stacking is apparent as planar aromatic wings are extended from the central borepin core.
Fibrinolytic Activator, Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase and Potassium in Myocardial Tissue at Various Stages of Human Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Fischer Simon , Albrechtsen Ole K. , Bang Nils U.
Published: June 2018

1. The concentrations of GO transaminase, potassium and plasminogen activator have been estimated in tissue homogenates from different zones of 7 human myocardial infarcts of varying age.

2. Significantly decreased values for GO transaminase, plasminogen activator and potassium were found in areas with fully developed necrosis.

3. Ischemic areas showed a less marked but significant decrease in GO transaminase and potassium concentrations, whereas the plasminogen activator was normal or slightly increased.

4. Fibrosed infarcts showed increased concentrations of plasminogen activator.
A Study of the Role of Hemolysis in the Hemostatic Defect of Transfusion Reactions
Authors: Langdell R. D , Hedgpeth E. M
Published: June 2018

Hemoglpbinemia of approximately 300 mg% was produced in dogs by five separate methods. Resulting from the infusions of incompatible plasma or erythrocytes there was a hemostatic defect characterized by severe thrombocytopenia and moderate fibrinogenopenia. Associated with this were leukopenia, neuromuscular and cardio-respiratory disturbances. Except for hemoglobinemia resulting from infusion of autologous hemoglobin solution, distilled water, or glucose-damaged autologous erythrocytes, no systemic reaction was detected. These findings indicate that the liberation of thromboplastic erythrocyte components by hemolysis is not the mechanism of the hemostatic defect in hemolytic transfusion reactions.

Acknowledgment. Canine anti-A serum was obtained through the courtesy of Lt. Col. J. H. Akeroyd, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D. C.
The Separation of AHF from Fibrinogen
Authors: van Creveld S , Veder H. A , Pascha C. N , Kroeze W. F
Published: June 2018

Anti-haemophilic globulin and fibrinogen of both bovine and human origin could be separated on columns of DEAE-cellulose. The yield of bovine AHF was high in contrast to that of human AHF, but further work to improve this yield is in progress.
Studies on the Fate of Coagulation Factors during the Clotting of Normal and Pathological Blood
Authors: Hougie Cecil
Published: June 2018

In a mild case of Stuart factor (SF) deficiency and in a patient with hemophilia B (factor IX deficiency) consumption of AHF (factor VIII) was normal but was abnormal in more severe examples of these diseases. This finding reconciles previously conflicting reports. Factor V utilisation was abnormal in moderately severe cases of SF deficiency, hemophilia A and hemophilia B but normal in mild cases of SF deficiency and hemophilia B. A mild case of hemophilia A was not studied. These findings would be expected from the modern concept of blood coagulation. However, the findings with respect to AHF are equally well explained if AHF is destroyed by some intermediate product of blood coagulation, such as thrombin, appearing at the time of the appearance of fibrin.

The concentration of SF was found to remain constant during the clotting of both normal blood and blood deficient in factor VIL

The concentration of factor VII during the coagulation of normal blood remained constant until the appearance of fibrin. The concentration then increased, but this finding was not consistently obtained. No abnormality in the fate of factor VII during the clotting of blood deficient in SF was found.
Rôle du Facteur Contact (Facteur Hageman) dans la Fibrinolyse
Authors: Niewiarowski S , Prou-Wartelle O
Published: June 2018

L’agitation d’un plasma intact en présence de surfaces activant le facteur Hageman: kaolin (1 mg/cm3), célite (1 mg/cm3), ballotini (20 mg/cm3), bentonite (1 mg/cm3), accélère la fibrinolyse à condition que le taux de facteur Hageman soit normal dans les plasmas étudiés.

L’activation du système fibrinolytique d’un plasma intact agité avec kaolin ou célite est très importante avec plasma normal, le plasma d’hémophile A, le plasma d’hémophile B, le plasma d’hypoconvertinémie, le plasma dicoumarolé et le plasma de déficit en PTA.

Le système fibrinolytique du plasma de Hageman-trait n’est pas activable dans les mêmes conditions, bien que le taux de plasminogène et d’antiplasmine soit normal et que ce plasma n’inhibe pas l’activation de la fibrinolyse d’un plasma normal. Les mêmes constatations sont faites en utilisant un plasma privé artificiellement du facteur contact (“plasma épuisé”).

Ces résultats sont discutés, et les auteurs se demandent si l’absence de fibrinolyse physiologique chez les sujets porteurs de Hageman-trait ne pourrait pallier au trouble de la coagulation et peut-être expliquer l’absence d’hémorragie.
Cortisone und thromboembolische Komplikationen
Authors: Siegenthaler W , Isler U
Published: June 2018

Es wird über 12 Patienten berichtet, wovon 7 Fälle mit Neoplasien und 5 Fälle mit nicht tumorösen Krankheiten, bei denen im Verlaufe einer Behandlung mit Cortisonen ein thromboembolischer Zwischenfall eingetreten ist. Bei 2 Kranken erfolgte der Tod an den Folgen einer massiven Lungenembolie. 8 weitere Patienten erlagen vorwiegend dem Grundleiden, doch stellten die thrombo-embolischen Veränderungen einen wichtigen Nebenbefund dar. Zusammen mit den experimentellen Untersuchungen und klinischen Beobachtungen anderer Autoren darf angenommen werden, daß den Cortisonen bei der Entwicklung thromboembolischer Komplikation eine ursächliche Bedeutung beigemessen werden darf, zumal es sich dabei teilweise um Affektionen mit Neigung zu hämorrhagischer Diathese gehandelt hat. Der Synergismus von hochgradiger Hypercholesterinämie und Cortisonwirkung scheint sich besonders ungünstig auszuwirken.

Es ergibt sich die praktische Forderung, bei jeder Cortisonbehandlung auf Thrombosesymptome zu achten, um eine möglichst frühzeitige Thrombosetherapie mit Antikoagulantien einleiten zu können. Bei Anwesenheit anderer die Thrombose begünstigender Faktoren, z. B. Hypercholesterinämie, ist mit der Cortisonbehandlung eine gleichzeitige Antikoagulantienprophylaxe durchzuführen.
A Standardized Approach for Category II Fetal Heart Rate with Significant Decelerations: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Shields Laurence , Wiesner Suzanne , Klein Catherine , Pelletreau Barbara , Hedriana Herman
Published: June 2018

Objective To determine if a standardized intervention process for Category II fetal heart rates (FHRs) with significant decels (SigDecels) would improve neonatal outcome and to determine the impact on mode of delivery rates.

Study Design Patients with Category II FHRs from six hospitals were prospectively managed using a standardized approach based on the presence of recurrent SigDecels. Maternal and neonatal outcomes were compared between pre- (6 months) and post-(11 months) implementation. Neonatal outcomes were: 5-minute APGAR scores of <7, <5, <3, and severe unexpected newborn complications (UNC). Maternal outcomes included primary cesarean and operative vaginal birth rates of eligible deliveries.

Results Post implementation there were 8,515 eligible deliveries, 3,799 (44.6%) were screened, and 361 (9.5%) met criteria for recurrent SigDecels. Compliance with the algorithm was 97.8%. The algorithm recommended delivery in 68.0% of cases. Relative to pre-implementation, 5-minute APGAR score of <7 were reduced by 24.6% (p < 0.05) and severe UNC by −26.6%, p = < .05. The rate of primary cesarean decreased (19.8 vs 18.3%, p < 0.05), while there were nonsignificant increases in vaginal (74.6 vs 75.8%, p = 0.13) and operative vaginal births (5.7 vs 5.9%, p = 0.6).

Conclusion Standardized management of recurrent SigDecels reduced the rate of 5-minute APGAR scores of < 7 and severe UNC.
Higher-dimensional kinematical Lie algebras via deformation theory
Authors: Figueroa-O’Farrill José M.
Published: June 2018

We classify kinematical Lie algebras in dimension D + 1 for D > 3 up to isomorphism. This is part of a series of papers applying deformation theory to the classification of kinematical Lie algebras in arbitrary dimension. This is approached via the classification of deformations of the relevant static kinematical Lie algebra. We also classify the deformations of the universal central extension of the static kinematical Lie algebra in dimension D + 1 for D > 3. In addition, we determine which of these Lie algebras admit an invariant inner product.
Formation and evolution of quasi-interchange convection cell on the HL-2A tokamak
Authors: Shi P. W. , Chen W. , Shi Z. B. , Duan X. R. , Zhong W. L. , Jiang M. , Yang Z. C. , Yu L. M. , Wen J. , Liang A. S. , Yu D. L. , Liu Y. , Yang Q. W.
Published: June 2018

Formation and evolution of quasi-interchange convection cell have been observed for the first time by an electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) system on the HL-2A tokamak. The instability with mode numbers of m/n = –1/–1 and a frequency of 2–4 kHz propagates in the electron diamagnetic drift direction. The mode downgrades the inner stored energy WE and enhances the divertor Hα signal, which indicates a degradation of plasma confinement. The ECEI reveals that the colder core temperature fluctuation distorts to a crescent shape, while a bubble originates from hot fluctuation gradually and draws into the concave side of the crescent. A finger-like structure can be observed during the convection process, and it presents a typical feature of the quasi-interchange model. The radial structure of the interchange mode obtained from electron cyclotron emission is quite narrow at the high field side but relatively wider at the low field side. Further analysis suggests that the discharge parameters are favorable for the excitation of interchange mode, and the stability criterion is violated in the core region. Moreover, the experimental frequency agrees with that given by the linear dispersion relation of interchange instability. The large grow rate suggests that the mode grows on a very short time scale.
Gaussian process tomography for soft x-ray spectroscopy at WEST without equilibrium information
Authors: Wang T. , Mazon D. , Svensson J. , Li D. , Jardin A. , Verdoolaege G.
Published: June 2018

Gaussian process tomography (GPT) is a recently developed tomography method based on the Bayesian probability theory [J. Svensson, JET Internal Report EFDA-JET-PR(11)24, 2011 and Li et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 083506 (2013)]. By modeling the soft X-ray (SXR) emissivity field in a poloidal cross section as a Gaussian process, the Bayesian SXR tomography can be carried out in a robust and extremely fast way. Owing to the short execution time of the algorithm, GPT is an important candidate for providing real-time reconstructions with a view to impurity transport and fast magnetohydrodynamic control. In addition, the Bayesian formalism allows quantifying uncertainty on the inferred parameters. In this paper, the GPT technique is validated using a synthetic data set expected from the WEST tokamak, and the results are shown of its application to the reconstruction of SXR emissivity profiles measured on Tore Supra. The method is compared with the standard algorithm based on minimization of the Fisher information.