bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial double inversion recovery images can substitute conventionally acquired images: an MRI-histology study
Authors: Bouman Piet M. , Steenwijk Martijn D. , Geurts Jeroen J. G. , Jonkman Laura E.
Published: February 2022

Cortical multiple sclerosis lesions are disease-specific, yet inconspicuous on magnetic resonance images (MRI). Double inversion recovery (DIR) images are sensitive, but often unavailable in clinical routine and clinical trials. Artificially generated images can mitigate this issue, but lack histopathological validation. In this work, artificial DIR images were generated from postmortem 3D-T1 and proton-density (PD)/T2 or 3D-T1 and 3D fluid-inversion recovery (FLAIR) images, using a generative adversarial network. All sequences were scored for cortical lesions, blinded to histopathology. Subsequently, tissue samples were stained for proteolipid protein (myelin) and scored for cortical lesions type I-IV (leukocortical, intracortical, subpial and cortex-spanning, respectively). Histopathological scorings were then (unblinded) compared to MRI using linear mixed models. Images from 38 patients (26 female, mean age 64.3 ± 10.7) were included. A total of 142 cortical lesions were detected, predominantly subpial. Histopathology-blinded/unblinded sensitivity was 13.4/35.2% for artificial DIR generated from T1-PD/T2, 14.1/41.5% for artificial DIR from T1-FLAIR, 17.6/49.3% for conventional DIR and 10.6/34.5% for 3D-T1. When blinded to histopathology, there were no differences; with histopathological feedback at hand, conventional DIR and artificial DIR from T1-FLAIR outperformed the other sequences. Differences between histopathology-blinded/unblinded sensitivity could be minified through adjustment of the scoring criteria. In conclusion, artificial DIR images, particularly generated from T1-FLAIR could potentially substitute conventional DIR images when these are unavailable.
Effectiveness of wireless emergency alerts for social distancing against COVID-19 in Korea
Authors: Yeon Dahye , Kwak Myunghwan , Chung Ji-Bum
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of wireless emergency alerts (WEAs) on social distancing policy. The Republic of Korea has been providing information to the public through WEAs using mobile phones. This study used five data sets: WEA messages, news articles including the keyword “COVID-19,” the number of confirmed COVID-19 patients, public foot traffic data, and the government’s social distancing level. The WEAs were classified into two topics—“warning” and “guidance”—using a random forest model. The results of the correlation analysis and further detailed analysis confirmed that the “warning” WEA topic and number of news articles significantly affected public foot traffic. However, the “guidance” topic was not significantly associated with public foot traffic. In general, the Korean government’s WEAs were effective at encouraging the public to follow social distance recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic. In particular, the “warning” WEA topic, by providing information about the relative risk directly concerning the recipients, was significantly more effective than the “guidance” topic.
Expression of genes and localization of enzymes involved in polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis in rabbit testis and epididymis
Authors: Castellini Cesare , Mattioli Simona , Moretti Elena , Cotozzolo Elisa , Perini Francesco , Dal Bosco Alessandro , Signorini Cinzia , Noto Daria , Belmonte Giuseppe , Lasagna Emiliano , Brecchia Gabriele , Collodel Giulia
Published: February 2022

The metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) plays an important role in male reproduction. Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids need to be provided in the diet and they are converted into long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by steps of elongation and desaturation, exerted by elongases 2 (ELOVL2) and 5 (ELOVL5) and Δ5- (FADS1) and Δ6-desaturase (FADS2). This study aims to assess the gene expression and localization of enzymes involved in the synthesis of n-3 and n-6 long-chain PUFAs in control rabbits and those fed diets containing 10% extruded flaxseed. Enzyme and PUFA localization were assessed in the testes and epididymis by immunofluorescence. Testes showed high gene expression of FADS2, ELOVL2 and ELOVL5 and low expression of FADS1. Intermediate metabolites, enzymes and final products were differently found in Leydig, Sertoli and germinal cells. FADS2 was localized in interstitial cells and elongated spermatids; ELOVL5 in meiotic cells; FADS1 was evident in interstitial tissue, Sertoli cells and elongated spermatids; ELOVL2 in interstitial cells. Epididymal vesicles were positive for FADS1, ELOVL2 and ELOVL5 as well as docosahexaenoic, eicosapentaenoic, and arachidonic acids. This knowledge of fatty acids (FA) metabolism in spermatogenesis and the influence of diet on FA profile could help identify causes of male infertility, suggesting new personalized therapy.
Adsorption and co-adsorption mechanisms of p-nitrophenol and Pb(ii) on magnetic carbon aerogel in water
Authors: Liu Jingxin , Chen Min , Sheng Jialing , Xu Jiangyan , Shi Yin , Jiang Hongmei
Published: February 2022

Based on adsorption and co-adsorption mechanisms of PNP and Pb(ii), MCA without competitive adsorption has been fabricated and applied for the removal of analytes. The effect of the Fe content on magnetic and adsorption performance has been studied.
Understanding slow compression and decompression of frictionless soft granular matter by network analysis
Authors: Luding Stefan , Taghizadeh Kianoosh , Cheng Chao , Kondic Lou
Published: February 2022

The evolution of dense granular systems under slow deformation is explained by network analysis.
Correction: Continuous reactor for renewable methanol
Authors: Tountas Athanasios A. , Ozin Geoffrey A. , Sain Mohini M.
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘Continuous reactor for renewable methanol’ by Athanasios A. Tountas et al., Green Chem., 2021, 23, 340–353, DOI: 10.1039/D0GC03115A.
Nickel-catalyzed multicomponent reaction of dinitriles and hydrazine hydrochlorides with boronic acids: access to 1,3-diaryl-1H-pyrazol-5-amines and 4,5-dihydropyridazin-3(2H)-ones
Authors: Chen Lepeng , Lv Ningning , Zhen Qianqian , Chen Zhongyan , Ge Jingyuan , Chen Jiuxi
Published: February 2022

The nickel-catalyzed tandem multicomponent reaction of readily available dinitriles and hydrazine hydrochlorides with boronic acids is reported under facile reaction conditions.
Correction: Sensitive immunosensing of α-synuclein protein in human plasma samples using gold nanoparticles conjugated with graphene: an innovative immuno-platform towards early stage identification of Parkinson’s disease using point of care (POC) analysis
Authors: Aminabad Esmaeil Darvish , Mobed Ahmad , Hasanzadeh Mohammad , Hosseinpour Feizi Mohammad Ali , Safaralizadeh Reza , Seidi Farzad
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘Sensitive immunosensing of α-synuclein protein in human plasma samples using gold nanoparticles conjugated with graphene: an innovative immuno-platform towards early stage identification of Parkinson’s disease using point of care (POC) analysis’ by Esmaeil Darvish Aminabad et al., RSC Adv., 2022, 12, 4346–4357, DOI: 10.1039/D1RA06437A.
Self-sorting assembly of artificial building blocks
Authors: Liu Qianwei , Jin Bixin , Li Qin , Yang Huanzhi , Luo Yunjun , Li Xiaoyu
Published: February 2022

Strategies for fabricating artificial self-sorting systems are summarized and classified into five main categories based on their interactive mechanisms, focusing on supramolecular and polymeric species, to provide guidance for the future studies.
Validating Automatic Diadochokinesis Analysis Methods Across Dysarthria Severity and Syllable Task in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Tanchip Chelsea , Guarin Diego L. , McKinlay Scotia , Barnett Carolina , Kalra Sanjay , Genge Angela , Korngut Lawrence , Green Jordan R. , Berry James , Zinman Lorne , Yadollahi Azadeh , Abrahao Agessandro , Yunusova Yana
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

Oral diadochokinesis (DDK) is a standard dysarthria assessment task. To extract automatic and semi-automatic DDK measurements, numerous DDK analysis algorithms based on acoustic signal processing are available, including amplitude based, spectral based, and hybrid. However, these algorithms have been predominantly validated in individuals with no perceptible to mild dysarthria. The behavior of these algorithms across dysarthria severity is largely unknown. Likewise, these algorithms have not been tested equally for various syllable types. The goal of this study was to evaluate the performance of five common DDK algorithms as a function of dysarthria severity, considering syllable types.

Method:

We analyzed 282 DDK recordings of /ba/, /pa/, and /ta/ from 145 participants with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Recordings were stratified into mild, moderate, or severe dysarthria groups based on individual performance on the Speech Intelligibility Test. Analysis included manual and automatic estimation of the number of syllables, DDK rate, and cycle-to-cycle temporal variability (cTV). Validation metrics included Bland–Altman mixed-effects limits of agreement between manual and automatic syllable counts, recall and precision between manual and automatic syllable boundary detection, and Kendall's tau-b correlations between manual and algorithm-detected DDK rate and cTV.

Results:

The amplitude-based algorithm (absolute energy) yielded the strongest correlations with manual analysis across all severity groups for DDK rate (
τ
b
= 0.7–0.84) and cTV (
τ
b
= 0.7–0.84) and the narrowest limits of agreement (−5.92 to 7.12 syllable difference). Moreover, this algorithm also provided the highest mean recall and precision across severity groups for /ba/ and /pa/, but with significantly more variation for/ta/.

Conclusions:

Algorithms based on signal energy analysis appeared to be the most robust for DDK analysis across dysarthria severity and syllable types; however, it remains prone to error against severe dysarthria and alveolar syllable context. Further development is needed to address this important issue.
RISSNet: Retain low‐light image details and improve the structural similarity net
Authors: Zhao Junbo , Chen Hongyang , Zeng Shangyou , Ma Chengxu
Published: February 2022

Images taken under low light conditions cause people's sensory vision to fall into blind areas, and the essential properties of objects are hidden in the dark. There are many excellent algorithms that can adjust the brightness of high and low light region, but they still have room for improvement in realizing the function of denoising and similarity restoration of internal attributes of objects. Inspired by the work principle of human retina, the image is decomposed into two modules, firstly, the enhancement network which is guided by the Attention Mask module completed the enhancement by the U‐net network structure. In this structural network, an RISS module is designed here to effectively reduce the loss of image feature information, so as to improve the structural similarity of reconstructed images. Full convolutional network is used to maintain the position relation of illumination feature information. This network is trained on LOL‐dataset, and the experimental results prove that the network can recover images with different illuminations. In the later stage, the effectiveness of this method is verified by the subjective and objective comparison with other methods on different datasets. This method can not only realize the function of low‐light image enhancement, but also the function of image similarity restoration and image denoising.
Edge‐aware image outpainting with attentional generative adversarial networks
Authors: Li Xiaoming , Zhang Hengzhi , Feng Lei , Hu Jing , Zhang Rongguo , Qiao Qiang
Published: February 2022

Image outpainting aims at extending the field of view of an existing image. While image inpainting has achieved great success with the deep learning technology, image outpainting still receive less attention. The main challenge is how to generate high‐quality extended images with clear texture and highly consistent semantic information. In order to solve the problem of the effect of invalid pixels on the generated image and the distance of effective pixels is too far. This paper proposes a two‐stage image outpainting method (the EA method), which consists of an edge generation stage and an edge transformation stage. In this paper, the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) is introduced into the generation network to focus on spatial and channel feature and the improved VAE‐GAN structure is used to generate the extended image for more realistic semantics. The EA method is evaluated on the CelebA, Pairs‐streetview and homemade landscapes dataset, and show that the results contain high‐quality textures as well as faithfully extend the semantics. The average PSNR, SSIM, FID index of the EA method on the three datasets is 22.7961, 0.7061, 6.8553 and show that it outperforms existing algorithms in both quantitative and qualitative analysis.
Speed of sound in dense matter and two families of compact stars
Authors: Traversi Silvia , Char Prasanta , Pagliara Giuseppe , Drago Alessandro
Published: February 2022

The existence of massive compact stars (M ≳ 2.1 M⊙) implies that the speed of sound exceeds the conformal limit (cs2 = 1/3 × the squared speed of light in vacuum) if those stars have an inner and outer crust of ordinary nuclear matter. Here, we show that if the most massive objects are strange quark stars, namely, stars entirely composed of quarks, cs can assume values below the conformal limit even while observational limits on those objects are also satisfied. By using astrophysical data associated with those massive stars derived from electromagnetic and gravitational wave signals, we use a Bayesian analysis framework and by adopting a constant speed of sound equation of state to show that the posterior distribution of cs2 is peaked around 0.3 and the maximum mass of the most probable equation of state is ∼2.13 M⊙. We discuss which new data would require a speed of sound larger than the conformal limit even when considering strange quark stars. In particular, we analyze the possibility that the maximum mass of compact stars is larger than 2.5 M⊙, as it would be if the secondary component of GW190814 would turn out to be a compact star – and not a black hole, as previously assumed. Finally, we discuss how the new data for PSR J0740+6620 obtained by the NICER collaboration compare with our results and find they are in qualitative agreement. We conclude with a brief discussion of other possible interpretations of our analysis.
Eruptions from coronal bright points: A spectroscopic view by IRIS of a mini-filament eruption, QSL reconnection, and reconnection-driven outflows
Authors: Madjarska Maria S. , Mackay Duncan H. , Galsgaard Klaus , Wiegelmann Thomas , Xie Haixia
Published: February 2022

Context. Our study investigates a mini-filament eruption associated with cancelling magnetic fluxes. The eruption originates from a small-scale loop complex commonly known as a coronal bright point (CBP). The event is uniquely recorded in both the imaging and spectroscopic data taken with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS).

Aims. The investigation aims to gain a better understanding of the physical processes driving these ubiquitous small-scale eruptions.

Methods. We analysed IRIS spectroscopic and slit-jaw imaging observations as well as images taken in the extreme-ultraviolet channels of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and line-of-sight magnetic-field data from the Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. As the observations can only indicate the possible physical processes at play, we also employed a non-linear force-free field (NLFFF) relaxation approach based on the HMI magnetogram time series. This allowed us to further investigate the evolution of the magnetic-field structures involved in the eruption process.

Results. We identified a strong small-scale brightening as a micro-flare in a CBP, recorded in emission from chromospheric to flaring plasmas. The mini-eruption is manifested via the ejection of hot (CBP loops) and cool (mini-filament) plasma recorded in both the imaging and spectroscopic data. The micro-flare is preceded by the appearance of an elongated bright feature in the IRIS slit-jaw 1400 Å images, located above the polarity inversion line. The micro-flare starts with an IRIS pixel size brightening and propagates bi-directionally along the elongated feature. We detected, in both the spectral and imaging IRIS data and AIA data, strong flows along and at the edges of the elongated feature; we believe that these represent reconnection outflows. Both edges of the elongated feature that wrap around the edges of the erupting MF evolve into a J-type shape, creating a sigmoid appearance. A quasi-separatrix layer (QSL) is identified in the vicinity of the polarity inversion line by computing the squashing factor, Q, in different horizontal planes of the NLFFF model.

Conclusions. This CBP spectro-imaging study provides further evidence that CBPs represent downscaled active regions and, as such, they may make a significant contribution to the mass and energy balance of the solar atmosphere. They are the sources of all range of typical active-region features, including magnetic reconnection along QSLs, (mini-)filament eruptions, (micro-)flaring, reconnection outflows, etc. The QSL reconnection site has the same spectral appearance as the so-called explosive events identified by strong blue- and red-shifted emission, thus providing an answer to an outstanding question regarding the true nature of this spectral phenomenon.
Outcome-relevante Anästhesiologie: intraoperatives hämodynamisches Monitoring und Management
Authors: Vokuhl Christina , Briesenick Luisa , Saugel Bernd
Published: February 2022

Hämodynamisches Monitoring und Management ist ein wichtiger Bestandteil einer jeden Narkose und damit von großer Bedeutung für die tägliche anästhesiologische Praxis. In diesem Beitrag
werden die Grundlagen des hämodynamischen Monitorings dargelegt und die Relevanz eines intraoperativen hämodynamischen Managements aufgezeigt.
„Effiziente Verhaltenssteuerung“ als gesundheitswissenschaftliches
Konzept?
Authors: Kuhn Joseph
Published: February 2022

Der Artikel „Das AEIOU-Modell: Gesundheitsverhalten mit Erkenntnissen der
Verhaltenswissenschaften effektiv in der Praxis steuern“ von Mathias Krisam
und Eva Kuhn 1 folgt dem
verhaltensökonomischen Nudging-Ansatz von Thaler und Sunstein. Das
Gesundheitsverhalten soll mit Zuckerbrot statt Peitsche zum
Gesundheitsförderlichen hin verändert werden, die
Möglichkeit, sich gegen die nahegel egten Verhaltensweisen zu entscheiden,
soll gewahrt bleiben.
Factors Associated with Kinesiophobia in Patients with Knee
Osteoarthritis
Authors: Acar Manolya , Sönmezer Emel , Yosmaoğlu H. Baran
Published: February 2022

Purpose This study aims to determine factors affecting kinesiophobia in
patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Materials and Methods The fear of movement was measured using the Tampa
Scale of Kinesiophobia in 60 patients with knee OA. Pain intensity was assessed
with the Visual Analog Scale, quality of life with the Nottingham Health Profile
(NHP), disability with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities
Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), anxiety and depression with the Hospital Anxiety
and Depression Scale (HADS), balance with the Berg Balance Scale, mobility with
the Timed Up and Go Test, and the physical activity status was measured with the
International Physical Activity Questionnaire.

Results Physical mobility and emotional reactions subscales of NHP, all
WOMAC subscales and the HADS depression subscale were significantly related to
kinesiophobia. Muscle strength, ROM, level of physical activity, balance,
mobility and anxiety were not significantly related to kinesiophobia. Quality of
life and disability explained 34.4% of the variation in the Tampa Scale
of Kinesiophobia.

Conclusions Kinesiophobia was associated with quality of life, disability
and depression. It may be useful for clinicians to pay attention to the
evaluation of psychosocial characteristics instead of physical performance
parameters in order to increase treatment success in OA patients.
How does Spinal Mobility Affect Balance and Postural Control in
Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Balim Hatice , Unver Bayram , Sevik Kevser , Unver Fatma
Published: February 2022

Purpose Alterations in spinal mobility lead to impaired postural control
and balance, an increased risk of falls and a decrease in quality of life. The
purposes of this study were to investigate the relationship between spinal
mobility, postural control and balance and to compare spinal mobility and
balance with a view to disease severity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis
(AS).

Methods 137 patients with AS were divided into 2 groups by tragus-to-wall
distance (TWD): (Group I=mild AS, n=51), (Group
II=moderate AS, n=86). Balance was assessed with the Single-Leg
Balance Test, the Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and the Berg Balance Scale (BBS).
Spinal mobility was measured by BASMI Index [TWD, cervical rotation (CR),
Modified Schober Test (MST), lumbar lateral flexion (LLF), intermalleolar
distance (IMD) and thoracic expansion (TE)] and was compared between the groups.
The association with balance was investigated.

Results Spinal mobility and BBS scores in Group II were worse than in
Group I (p<0.05). Static balance and TUG of the groups were similar
(p>0.05). Dynamic balance was weakly correlated with MST, LLF and IMM
and moderately correlated with CR, TE and BASMI. Static balance was weakly
correlated with spinal mobility (p<0.05). There was no correlation
between TWD and any balance domains (p>0.05).

Conclusions In patients with AS, spinal mobility and dynamic balance
worsen as the disease progresses, whereas static balance does not change. Such
changes in mobility and balance can negatively affect patients’
participation in daily life and increase their risk of falls. Therefore,
detailed evaluation of balance, balance training and fall prevention approaches
need to be implemented in the rehabilitation programs of patients with AS.
Plastic Surgery Practice during COVID Times
Authors: Bhaskaran Deepak , Chandran Aswathy , T.M Sheeja Rajan
Published: February 2022

Introduction COVID-19 has affected plastic surgeons like never before. We conducted an all-India survey to find how the practice was affected among public/private sector, reconstructive/aesthetic practice, and consultants/residents. We have proposed some solutions to the identified problems, which are supported by previous literature.

Methods A survey framed in Google forms was circulated through WhatsApp and emails in August 2020. Closed and semiopen questions regarding changes in personal and professional lives, coping strategies adopted, and open questions for suggestions in improving practice, academics and measures to tackle the pandemic were included. Responses were collected in an Excel sheet and analysis done using SPSS software.

Results A total of 220 consented responses were obtained. Public hospital practitioners had to bear the COVID-related administrative as well as executive works, especially residents, which led to anxiety, family concern, burnout, and concern about the loss of skills and academics. Patient interaction was also reduced. Aesthetic surgeons bore more financial loss.

Conclusions Plastic surgeons in India faced decrease in caseload, financial loss, COVID-related duties, workload for residents, reduced academics, family and mental health problems, difficulty with personal protection equipment (PPE) during surgeries, and queries from patients. These can be solved by doing cases within the limits of protocols and safety, pooling public and private sector for COVID duties, rotating residents' groups to reduce workload, using telemedicine for academics and patient consultations, and providing social support groups to surgeons.
Antimicrobial Stewardship in the ICU
Authors: Murphy Claire V. , Reed Erica E. , Herman Derrick D. , Magrum BrookeAnne , Beatty Julia J. , Stevenson Kurt B.
Published: February 2022

Increasing rates of infection and multidrug-resistant pathogens, along with a high use of antimicrobial therapy, make the intensive care unit (ICU) an ideal setting for implementing and supporting antimicrobial stewardship efforts. Overuse of antimicrobial agents is common in the ICU, as practitioners are challenged daily with achieving early, appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy to improve patient outcomes. While early antimicrobial stewardship programs focused on the financial implications of antimicrobial overuse, current goals of stewardship programs align closely with those of critical care providers—to optimize patient outcomes, reduce development of resistance, and minimize adverse outcomes associated with antibiotic overuse and misuse such as acute kidney injury and Clostridioides difficile-associated disease. Significant opportunities exist in the ICU for critical care clinicians to support stewardship practices at the bedside, including thoughtful and restrained initiation of antimicrobial therapy, use of biomarkers in addition to rapid diagnostics, Staphylococcus aureus screening, and traditional microbiologic culture and susceptibilities to guide antibiotic de-escalation, and use of the shortest duration of therapy that is clinically appropriate. Integration of critical care practitioners into the initiatives of antimicrobial stewardship programs is key to their success. This review summarizes key components of antimicrobial stewardship programs and mechanisms for critical care practitioners to share the responsibility for antimicrobial stewardship.
Modern Radiation Oncology: From IMRT to Particle Therapy—Present Status and the Days to Come
Authors: Laskar Sarbani Ghosh , Kakoti Sangeeta
Published: February 2022

There has been tremendous technological development in the field of radiation oncology, mainly during the last few decades. Parallel advancements in imaging and accelerator technologies have contributed significantly to the same. Present-day radiation therapy is aimed at precision, in terms of physical accuracy of both its planning and delivery. This has been made possible by improvements in defining the target (use of various radiological and functional imaging modalities), advanced radiotherapy planning methods (intensity-modulated radiation therapy and recent emergence of particle therapy), and robust verification techniques (image-guided radiation therapy). These developments have enabled delivery of adequate tumoricidal doses conforming to the target, thereby improving disease control with reduced normal tissue toxicity in a wide range of malignancies. Elucidation of molecular pathways determining radioresistance or systemic effects of radiotherapy and strategies for therapeutic manipulation of the same are also being explored. Overall, we look forward to ensuring basic radiotherapy access to all patients, and precision radiation therapy to appropriate candidates (triaged by disease anatomy or biology and associated cost-effectiveness).
Implant-Supported Fixed Prosthesis in Aesthetic Zone: A Case Report
Authors: Verma Shagufta , Kalra Tarun , Kumar Manjit , Bansal Ajay
Published: February 2022

The aim of this article is to present the clinical application of implant placement in the aesthetic zone using bone graft and leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin to obtain desirable results. A 27-year-old male patient reported with a chief complaint of missing tooth in the anterior region due to trauma and wants to replace it with a fixed prosthesis. The patient had been undergoing orthodontic treatment for the last 3 years. After proper treatment planning, endo-osseous implant followed by alloplastic bone graft was placed and platelet-rich fibrin membrane was placed on the labial bony surface as the labial plate was thin. After 6 months, the prosthetic procedure was done.
Osteomielite fúngica do quadril associado a artrite séptica: Relato de caso
Authors: Gonçalves João Rodolfo Radtke , Tres Karine Emanuele , Narciso Laura Serraglio , Corrêa Ricardo , Perez Rodrigo Duarte
Published: February 2022

Osteomielites fúngicas, principalmente associadas à artrite séptica, são incomuns no Brasil, e por isso às vezes de difícil diagnóstico e tratamento. Relatamos um caso de uma paciente jovem, sem fator de risco imunossupressor, com o desenvolvimento de uma osteomielite e evolução para artrite séptica do quadril. O diagnóstico foi realizado após a sua drenagem cirúrgica e visualização do Cryptococcus Neoformans à anatomia patológica. Foi instaurado o tratamento antifúngico, com remissão total dos sintomas. Como não há consenso em relação ao tratamento de osteomielites fúngicas, descrevemos este relato de caso para atentar ortopedistas sobre a importância do diagnóstico diferencial nas artrites de quadril e a boa evolução do tratamento clínico após a drenagem e isolamento do patógeno.
Liberação endoscópica do túnel cubital na neurite hansênica do nervo ulnar
Authors: Leite José Alberto Dias , Sampaio Antônio Carlos Delgado , Leite Claudio Manoel Gonçalves da Silva , Leite Janaina Gonçalves da Silva , Sampaio Marina Vasconcelos , Lima Diego Ariel de
Published: February 2022

Objetivos Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar melhor o papel da liberação endoscópica do túnel cubital na neurite hansênica e determinar se há melhora da dor, sensibilidade e força com esta técnica minimamente invasiva.

Métodos Um total de 44 procedimentos endoscópicos para descompressão do nervo ulnar no cotovelo foram realizados em pacientes previamente diagnosticados com neurite por hanseníase. Os critérios de inclusão foram indicação cirúrgica para liberação do nervo ulnar e insucesso do tratamento clínico por 4 semanas em pacientes com síndrome do túnel cubital que sofreram deterioração progressiva da função motora ou sensitiva do nervo ulnar apesar do tratamento de 1 mg/kg/dia de prednisona e fisioterapia. A liberação endoscópica foi realizada com CTS Relief Kit (Linvatec. Largo, FL, EUA) e um artroscópio padrão de 4 mm e 30°.

Resultados O estudo incluiu 39 pacientes, sendo 29 (74,4%) homens e 10 (25,6%) mulheres. A idade dos pacientes variou de 12 a 64 anos (33 ± 14,97). Cinco pacientes foram submetidos à liberação bilateral. A liberação provocou melhora estatisticamente significativa de dor (p = 0,002), sensibilidade (p <0,001) e força (p <0,001). Os melhores resultados foram obtidos quando a liberação ulnar foi realizada em menos de 6 meses após a indicação da cirurgia. Nenhum procedimento foi convertido de endoscópico para aberto. Não foram relatadas complicações maiores (infecção, lesão vascular e lesão nervosa). Um paciente apresentou subluxação do nervo ulnar.

Conclusão A liberação endoscópica do nervo ulnar no cotovelo na neurite hansênica traz benefícios verdadeiros e seguros para o paciente, como melhora da dor, sensibilidade e força.
Cross-Sectional Study of HPV Self-Sampling among Indian Women—A Way Forward
Authors: Anand Kavita V. , Mishra Gauravi A. , Pimple Sharmila A. , Biswas Sanjay K. , Kulkarni Vasundhara Y. , Salunke Gaurav
Published: February 2022

Molecular human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA is a recommended test for any country planning cervical cancer screening as a national policy. The emerging literature proposes HPV self-sampling (HPV-SS) as a feasible implementing strategy in low-income settings. The success of this strategy would depend on developing impactful health education materials, understanding modalities toward generating awareness, and precision in performing the screening test among beneficiaries. The current paper is an interim analysis of ongoing research undertaken to understand the acceptability of HPV-SS among Indian women across different community settings. The study design has two modalities for generating awareness: (1) health education arm wherein the awareness and steps of collecting self-sample are explained by health personnel, and (2) the pamphlet arm wherein pictorial illustrations depicting the steps to conduct HPV-SS are distributed among women. The quality of samples is compared with primary health worker samples (PHW-S). Initial results of this study support the acceptance of HPV-SS (97%) among urban slum settings. An agreement between HPV-SS and PHW-S was demonstrated to be 95.1%. The results of the pamphlet arm were comparable to the health education arm in every aspect. The art-based strategy seems like a promising communication modality for generating awareness toward cervical cancer screening using HPV-SS in low-resource settings.
Deceleration-stage Rayleigh–Taylor growth in a background magnetic field studied in cylindrical and Cartesian geometries
Authors: Samulski C. , Srinivasan B. , Manuel M. J.-E. , Masti R. , Sauppe J. P. , Kline J.
Published: February 2022

Experiments have identified the Rayleigh–Taylor (RT) instability as one of the greatest obstacles to achieving inertial confinement fusion. Consequently, mitigation strategies to reduce RT growth and fuel–ablator mixing in the hotspot during the deceleration phase of the implosion are of great interest. In this work, the effect of seed magnetic fields on deceleration-phase RT growth are studied in planar and cylindrical geometries under conditions relevant to the National Ignition Facility (NIF) and Omega experiments. The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and resistive-MHD capabilities of the FLASH code are used to model imploding cylinders and planar blast-wave-driven targets. Realistic target and laser parameters are presented that suggest the occurrence of morphological differences in late-time RT evolution in the cylindrical NIF case and a measurable difference in spike height of single-mode growth in the planar NIF case. The results of this study indicate the need for target designs to utilize an RT-unstable foam–foam interface in order to achieve sufficient magnetic field amplification to alter RT evolution. Benchmarked FLASH simulations are used to study these magnetic field effects in both resistive and ideal MHD.
The importance of turbulent equilibrium for Reynolds-stress modeling
Authors: Eisfeld Bernhard
Published: February 2022

Turbulence equilibrium state is analyzed for the modeled Reynolds-stress transport equation, assuming the most general formulation of pressure–strain correlation. In a two-dimensional mean flow at a high-Reynolds number, an algebraic equation system is obtained, providing Reynolds-stress anisotropies as functions of pressure–strain model coefficients. Conversely, the equations provide calibration conditions for the model coefficients to predict specified equilibrium anisotropies. The predicted von-Kármán constant depends on the predicted equilibrium anisotropies and, hence, the pressure–strain model coefficients. Identical equilibrium anisotropies can be obtained with different sets of model coefficients. Identical equilibrium values of invariants of the Reynolds-stress anisotropy tensor can be achieved, despite the differing anisotropy components. Numerical simulations with the Speziale–Sarkar–Gatski (SSG) model, using different sets of model coefficients, confirm the results of the theoretical analysis. They show that the predicted equilibrium value of the Reynolds-shear stress anisotropy determines the predicted skin friction of a boundary layer as well as the predicted spreading rate of a plane mixing layer. However, different values and, hence, different sets of model coefficients are required for achieving good agreement with experimental data for both flows. Therefore, for general improvement of turbulence models, the set of model coefficients probably needs to be adapted to the local type of flow. The required classification is supposed to be suitable for machine learning methods.
Theoretical model for two-dimensional film cooling effectiveness distribution prediction
Authors: Chen Ziyu , Mao Yinbo , Hu Kexin , Su Xinrong , Yuan Xin
Published: February 2022

Film cooling is commonly categorized as a jet in crossflow phenomenon. Due to its fully three-dimensional flow field, characteristically two-dimensional (2-D) cooling effectiveness distributions are observed on the target wall. A theoretical method for 2-D film cooling effectiveness distribution predictions is developed by modeling the diffusion and convective transportation in the lateral direction. The effective diffusion coefficient is introduced to quantify the combined effects of the turbulent and laminar expansion. The convection effect, mainly the vortex entrainment, is quantified based on the analytical Oseen vortex. The intensity, scale, and location of the kidney vortex are modeled, respectively. The 2-D model in the current study can well satisfy the demand both academically and industrially. The time consumption of a 2-D effectiveness distribution calculation is on the magnitude of 1 ×10−2 s. The prediction error is within 8% if given especially correlated model coefficients, or within 14% otherwise.
Delegation, Compliance, and Judicial Decision Making in the Court of Justice of the European Union
Authors: Cheruvu Sivaram , Krehbiel Jay N.
Published: February 2022

Courts regularly delegate tasks to individual or small subsets of judges. While a substantial literature addresses delegation in the context of American courts, less is known about why and how courts delegate from a comparative perspective. With many of the world’s high courts using panel systems (also known as “chambers”) by which the court delegates cases to subsets of judges, this limitation of the extant literature leaves a number of empirical and theoretical questions unanswered. We argue that the threat of noncompliance presents one factor influencing a court’s delegation of cases to panels. From our expectation that a court will not delegate cases with a greater risk for noncompliance to panels, we then derive empirical implications for case disposition and a court’s willingness to rule contrary to the legal merits in a case. We analyze panel usage at the Court of Justice of the European Union to support our account.
Interface imperfection effects on spin transfer torque switching: an atomistic approach
Authors: Ramesh Akhil K , Cheng Chih-Wei , Ku Ting-Chia , Rana Vaibhav , Gangwar Pratisha , Singh Pushparaj , Tseng Yuan-Chieh
Published: February 2022

The further commercialization of spintronic memory devices depends on the development of methods by which to assess performance. This paper presents an approach to the atomistic investigation of switching performance in spin transfer torque magneto-resistive random access memory (MRAM) devices with the use of interface imperfection model. Switching simulation in the nanosecond regime was made possible under this model, and we first time demonstrate that switching time is inversely proportional to interface imperfection (i.e. roughness). In investigating the damping of CoFeB/MgO films, we analyzed the effective damping constant α
eff, which cannot be accurately predicted for ferromagnetic layers of less than 2 nm using existing micromagnetic models. The proposed model includes a roughness parameter, which has nearly no effect on the effective damping constant in films of >2 nm, but a profound effect in films of <2 nm, reaching a 27% decrease in a 1.0 nm CoFeB film. Our finding is supported by the experimental data of classic references. We expect that these results will prove valuable in magnetic simulation and research on MRAM with ultrathin films.
Enhancement and tuning of the defect-induced electroluminescence of ZnO mesoporous layers in the visible range
Authors: Roland Iännis , Schanne Domitille , Bogicevic Alexandra , Degiron Aloyse
Published: February 2022

We show a way to pattern the visible electroluminescence of solution-processed mesoporous ZnO layers. Our approach consists in locally changing the nanoscale morphology of the coated ZnO layers by patterning the underlying surface with thin metallic patches. Above the metal, the ZnO film is organized in clusters that enhance its defect-induced electroluminescence. The resulting emission occurs over a large continuum of wavelengths in the visible and near-infrared range. This broad emission continuum is filtered by thin film interferences that develop within the device, making it possible to fabricate LEDs with different colours by adjusting the thickness of their transparent electrode. When the metallic patterns used to change the morphology of the ZnO layer reach sub-micron dimensions, additional plasmonic effects arise, providing extra degrees of freedom to tune the colour and polarization of the emitted photons.
Reducing 4DCBCT imaging dose and time: exploring the limits of adaptive acquisition and motion compensated reconstruction
Authors: Lau Benjamin K F , Reynolds Tess , Keall Paul J , Sonke Jan-Jakob , Vinod Shalini K , Dillon Owen , O’Brien Ricky T
Published: February 2022

This study investigates the dose and time limits of adaptive 4DCBCT acquisitions (adaptive-acquisition) compared with current conventional 4DCBCT acquisition (conventional-acquisition). We investigate adaptive-acquisitions as low as 60 projections (∼25 s scan, 6 projections per respiratory phase) in conjunction with emerging image reconstruction methods. 4DCBCT images from 20 patients recruited into the adaptive CT acquisition for personalized thoracic imaging clinical study (NCT04070586) were resampled to simulate faster and lower imaging dose acquisitions. All acquisitions were reconstructed using Feldkamp–Davis–Kress (FDK), McKinnon–Bates (MKB), motion compensated FDK (MCFDK), motion compensated MKB (MCMKB) and simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction (SMEIR) algorithms. All reconstructions were compared against conventional-acquisition 4DFDK-reconstruction using Structural SIMilarity Index (SSIM), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR), tissue interface sharpness diaphragm (TIS-D), tissue interface sharpness tumor (TIS-T) and center of mass trajectory (COMT) for difference in diaphragm and tumor motion. All reconstruction methods using 110-projection adaptive-acquisition (11 projections per respiratory phase) had a SSIM of greater than 0.92 relative to conventional-acquisition 4DFDK-reconstruction. Relative to conventional-acquisition 4DFDK-reconstruction, 110-projection adaptive-acquisition MCFDK-reconstructions images had 60% higher SNR, 10% higher CNR, 30% higher TIS-T and 45% higher TIS-D on average. The 110-projection adaptive-acquisition SMEIR-reconstruction images had 123% higher SNR, 90% higher CNR, 96% higher TIS-T and 60% higher TIS-D on average. The difference in diaphragm and tumor motion compared to conventional-acquisition 4DFDK-reconstruction was within submillimeter accuracy for all acquisition reconstruction methods. Adaptive-acquisitions resulted in faster scans with lower imaging dose and equivalent or improved image quality compared to conventional-acquisition. Adaptive-acquisition with motion compensated-reconstruction enabled scans with as low as 110 projections to deliver acceptable image quality. This translates into 92% lower imaging dose and 80% less scan time than conventional-acquisition.
Fast robust optimization of proton PBS arc therapy plans using early energy layer selection and spot assignment
Authors: Engwall Erik , Battinelli Cecilia , Wase Viktor , Marthin Otte , Glimelius Lars , Bokrantz Rasmus , Andersson Björn , Fredriksson Albin
Published: February 2022

Objective. Proton pencil-beam scanning arcs (PBS arcs) have gained much attention during the past years, due to its potential for increased clinical benefit compared to conventional proton therapy. Previous studies on PBS arcs have primarily been focused on plan quality, and lately efforts have been made to reduce the delivery time. However, the methods presented so far suffer from slow optimization processes. Approach. We present a new method for fast robust optimization of PBS arc plans. The new method assigns a single energy layer per discretized direction prior to spot weight optimization and reduces the number of initial spots considerably compared to conventional methods. We used the new method for three prostate cancer patients with a prescribed dose to the CTV of 77 GyRBE in 35 fractions. For each of the patients, four plans were created: 2-beam IMPT (2IMPT), 1-beam PBS arc (1Arc), 1-beam PBS arc without focus on reducing upward energy jumps (1Arc_unseq) and two-beam PBS arc (2Arc). Main results. All PBS arc plans show a reduced integral dose compared to their respective 2IMPT plans. In the nominal case, the average CTV D98 and D2 metrics over the three patients were best for the 2Arc, followed by 2IMPT (

D
98

¯

/

D
2

¯

:

7523/7986 cGyRBE (2IMPT), 7478/7984 cGy (1Arc), 7486/7951 cGy (1Arc_unseq), 7531/7951 cGyRBE (2Arc)). The average robust target coverage in terms of V95 of the voxelwise minimum dose distribution (evaluated over 42 scenarios) was: 98.0% (2IMPT), 88.6% (1Arc), 92.5% (1Arc_unseq), 97.3% (2Arc). The optimization time, including spot selection and spot dose computation, is longest for the 2Arc plan, but is below 6 min for all patients. The maximum estimated delivery time for all types of arc plans is just above 5 min Significance. The ability for efficient treatment planning constitutes an important step towards clinical introduction of proton PBS arcs.
Predicted optimization of β
N limit for steady-state scenario with double transport barriers in HL-2M tokamak
Authors: Wang Yuanzhen , Sun Aiping , Li Zhengji , Wang Zhuo , Liu Yue , Xu Xinliang
Published: February 2022

The equilibria of the HL-2M tokamak, designed for steady-state operation with reversed magnetic shear and double transport barriers, are calculated using TOQ code, and the

n
=
1

linear ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stability of the equilibria is investigated using GATO code. To improve the beta (

β

N

) limit, the MHD stability of the equilibria with different heights of internal transport barrier (ITB) and edge transport barrier (ETB) is simulated. The simulation results indicate that the ITB drives low

m

globalized modes while the ETB drives high

m

edge localized modes, and thus a moderate barrier height ratio is beneficial to MHD stability. By adjusting the heights of both barriers with different plasma shapes, as well as different locations and widths of ITBs, optimal equilibria with improved MHD stability are achieved, which always have a moderate barrier height ratio unless the ITB is extremely wide or very close to the edge. In ideal-wall conditions, when the ITB is wide enough or very close to the edge,

β

N

limits could exceed six, or even reach seven in some special cases. Increasing elongation and triangularity, broadening the ITB, as well as moving the ITB to a large minor radius, can contribute to the optimization of the

β

N

limit, especially when combined with the stabilizing effect from an ideal wall.
Sympathetic cooling schemes for separately trapped ions coupled via image currents
Authors: Will C , Bohman M , Driscoll T , Wiesinger M , Abbass F , Borchert M J , Devlin J A , Erlewein S , Fleck M , Latacz B , Moller R , Mooser A , Popper D , Wursten E , Blaum K , Matsuda Y , Ospelkaus C , Quint W , Walz J , Smorra C , Ulmer S
Published: February 2022

Cooling of particles to mK-temperatures is essential for a variety of experiments with trapped charged particles. However, many species of interest lack suitable electronic transitions for direct laser cooling. We study theoretically the remote sympathetic cooling of a single proton with laser-cooled 9Be+ in a double-Penning-trap system. We investigate three different cooling schemes and find, based on analytical calculations and numerical simulations, that two of them are capable of achieving proton temperatures of about 10 mK with cooling times on the order of 10 s. In contrast, established methods such as feedback-enhanced resistive cooling with image-current detectors are limited to about 1 K in 100 s. Since the studied techniques are applicable to any trapped charged particle and allow spatial separation between the target ion and the cooling species, they enable a variety of precision measurements based on trapped charged particles to be performed at improved sampling rates and with reduced systematic uncertainties.