bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GEOPOLITICAL DETERMINANTS
OF THE EUROPEAN UNION’S
FOREIGN TRADE STRATEGY
IN LIGHT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: DAMOC ADRIAN-IOAN
Published: November 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has generated significant humanitarian, political, and economic
turmoil since its onset in early 2020. The crisis has since spread throughout the entire
world with an overwhelmingly negative impact. At the European Union level, both the
initial reaction and the uneven economic outcome across member states pointed to an
underlying lack of political and economic cohesion, as well as stark vulnerabilities in its
foreign trade network. Current research has explored these topics as well as on several
public statements by the European Union’s leadership revealing a potential shift in the
European Union’s geopolitical and geoeconomic outlook. The aim of the present paper is to
determine the fundamental principles that guide this shift. The present paper investigates
the European Union’s current situation, the climate in its immediate vicinity as well its
recent actions and trends and, using an intelligence analysis technique known as the
linchpin analysis, seeks to discover the core reasons that underlie the EU’s foreign trade
strategy. The main findings reveal that the European Union’s current climate and
insufficient attention directed to common geopolitical goals call for urgent actions, lest
centrifugal forces threaten to further undermine its growth and development.
An arbitration dilemma: party-appointed experts
vs. tribunal-appointed experts.
A comparative study
Authors: SCHIAU Ioan
Published: November 2022

Arbitration, as an alternate method of solving disputes, is greatly reliant on its
capacity to offer an efficient procedure, in terms of costs involved and time consumed to
reach a decision on parties’ disputes. Taking of evidence in a cost and time effective manner
is, therefore, a vital issue, one that the parties and the arbitral tribunal consider with the
utmost care; it is the screen that reflects the image that the parties are trying to credit as
being the truth. Expert witnesses are often called upon to present a professional view on
technical or economic aspects that cannot be decided by the arbitral tribunal without proper
expert information. The object of this study is to offer a comparative analysis of the choices
that the parties and the arbitral tribunal have to make in taking expert evidence as well as
the implications of these choices.
The definitive device of the term
“international commercial arbitration”
Authors: KRAVTSOV Serhij
Published: November 2022

Objectives are to reveal the essence of the institution of international commercial
arbitration. Methods comprise the comparative analysis of scientific approaches of various
legal systems of the world, judicial practice of both national courts and the European Court
of Human Rights. Results and implications. As a result of this study the term “international
commercial arbitration” was indicate from both side - of a general theoretical nature and in
the law enforcement activities of national courts; the efforts of bringing the arbitration laws
to the “unified rules of arbitration” was confirmed as a best way of their reform.
Goose-stepping? The concept of the Hungarian public administration
contract from a private law point of view
Authors: PAPP Tekla
Published: November 2022

The author addresses questions raised in the professional literature of public law
(e.g.: the applicability of the Hungarian Civil Code to public law contracts), alongside the
contradictions (e.g.: there isn’t a unified set of denotations and categories) and problems
included therein, and the one-sidedness thereof (the disregarding of the respective works of
private law). We analyze the selected material by concisely explaining the relation between
public law and private law in Hungary. The author pays special attention to the Hungarian
public law definitions as well as the contract-types with their characteristics, and finally,
conclusions are drawn, and compatible perspectives are proposed.
Prevention and settlement of conflicts of interest in health care
of Ukraine as an administrative legal institute
Authors: SHEVCHUK Oleкsandr , YAROVA Anastasiia
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the study is to analyze certain legal problems in the development of
the administrative-legal institution for preventing and resolving conflicts of interest in the
healthcare sector. This article is based on an interdisciplinary approach using methods of
analysis and synthesis, as well as comparative legal, dialectical and systemic methods. The
concept of "prevention and settlement of conflicts of interest in the field of health care" is
proposed, and the design of "administrative-legal institution for the prevention and
settlement of conflicts of interest in the field of health care" is defined and its types are
established. The analysis of the concept of "conflict of interest" in the scientific literature,
national and international legal documents, in the legislation of foreign countries was
carried out, the definition of "conflict of interest in the field of healthcare" was proposed. It
has been established that in the legislation of certain foreign countries, the legal provision
of a conflict of interest in the field of health care is carried out at the level of a special law
"On Conflict of Interest", or provided for in laws on the prevention of corruption, or (in
some states) also in a regulatory legal act in the field of health care. The elements of a
conflict of interest in the field of healthcare (real or potential) are disclosed, their content
is clarified. The elements of a conflict of interest in the field of healthcare (real or
potential) are disclosed, their content is clarified. Two ways of resolving a conflict of
interest in the healthcare sector have been identified: external and independent. It is
established that the prevention and resolution of conflicts of interest in the healthcare
sector consists of the following components: (1) prevention, (2) informing, (3) refraining
from actions or decisions, and (4) settlement.
Comparative planetology as a foundation for associating space law with
solar geoengineering governance: stratospheric aerosol injection
and variations of sulfur dioxide
in Venus’s atmosphere
Authors: NUHIJA Bekim , STOJCHEVSKA Stefani , JASHARI Adnan , SELMANI-BAKIU Arta
Published: November 2022

Mankind often seeks solutions to climate change and environmental crises, but
rarely considers the feasibility of outer space to overcome such critical issues. Among many
solar geoengineering approaches is stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) whose concept
suggests artificial control of the global temperature by spreading tones of sulfur dioxide into
Earth’s stratosphere. Given that the classic ‘technology control dilemma’ represents the
central problem of solar geoengineering governance, however, this paper adopts a VenusEarth comparative planetology method by addressing volcanology and atmospheric
circulation aspects. An international regulatory framework engaging space law in solar
geoengineering governance is consequently presented, which classifies two separate
legislations: (1) research-based legislation (comparative planetology and Earth science) and
(2) non-research-based legislation (national and international governance, ethical issues,
economic factors, military utilization). Further highlighting climate change issues, SAI
manifests the Anthropocene and regards Earth’s stratosphere as an “inner environment”,
while comparative planetology manifests the Anthropocosmos and regards space as an
“outer environment”. This polymorphous consideration of atmospheric and space elements
identifies a new approach of climate change techniques. Human relations that concern both
environments should examine how social scientists would regard these separate boundaries
or perceive them as a mergence between the two major epochs.
Evaluasi kesesuaian elemen lanskap Taman Balekambang sebagai ruang publik di Kota Surakarta, Jawa Tengah
Authors: Tarigan Doksa Safira , Semarajaya Cokorda Gede Alit , Pradnyawathi Ni Luh Made
Published: November 2022

Balekambang Park is one of the most popular public spaces in Surakarta. However, the condition of some of the facilities and plants in Balekambang Park looks poorly maintained. Most of the facilities such as toilets, park benches and trash cans were seen to have been damaged. Apart from that, some of the tree crowns were too shady. This phenomenon has an impact on four aspects of forming public space, which consist of access & linkages, uses & activites, comfort & image and sociability. The deficiencies in the landscape elements of Balekambang Park occur because they are not yet in accordance with these four aspects. Therefore, the evaluation process needs to be carried out to find out which aspects have not been fulfilled. This study aims to evaluate the conditions of hardscape and softscape in Balekambang Park based on four main aspects of forming public spaces and to describe people's perceptions of Balekambang Park as a public space. The method used is a survey method with qualitative descriptive analysis. The data inventory was carried out by observation, interviews and distributing questionnaires. The results showed that the hardscape and softscape elements in Balekambang Park have fulfilled the four main aspects of forming public spaces. The access and linkages aspect is very good, but three other aspects still need to be improved. This is also relevant to the visitor perception questionnaire analysis which explains that the access and linkages aspects are in the high category, while the other three aspects are in the medium category.
Perencanaan alun-alun Tastura Kota Praya, Lombok Tengah, Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Sandhi Harry , Yusiana Lury Sevita , Alit Semarajaya Cokorda Gede
Published: November 2022

Tastura Square is one of the city parks in Central Lombok Regency which has an area of ??24,750 m2 (2.47 ha) or contributes 0.17% of Green Open Space (GOS) of Praya City. Apart from being a city park, Tastura Square also has several other functions such as City GOS and recreational areas for the surrounding community. In other words, Tastura Square functions as a place of entertainment for the community, and a place to spend time with family as well as the performance of several local cultural attractions. This research aims to accommodate the cultural activities of the local community while maintaining its function as GOS for Praya City. This study used a survey method with observation techniques, interviews, questionnaires and literature study. The basic concept of this research is Tatas Tuhu Trasna which is the motto of Central Lombok which forms the basic foundation in the site planning process. The final result of this research is the planning of GOS in Tastura Square which is divided into three main rooms, namely, the educational environment room (Tatas), the social room (Tuhu) and the cultural room (Trasna) with two buffer rooms namely the reception room and the supporting room. Further research is needed regarding the design of green open space in tastura square to pay more attention to aspects of site area management.
Pemetaan dan Identifikasi Kegiatan Masyarakat di Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) Publik di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Ngurah Aritama Anak Agung
Published: November 2022

Keberadaan ruang terbuka publik di areal perkotaan menjadi isu yang sangat krusial, hal ini berkaitan dengan pembangunan kota yang semakin pesat. Kota Denpasar sebagai pusat aktivitas kota serta pusat ekonomi dan pemerintahan di provinsi Bali mengalami kemajuan yang cukup pesat. Kemajuan pembangunan ini menimbulkan permintaan lahan yang cukup tinggi yang pada akhirnya mengurangi porsi dan luasan ruang terbuka hijau. Pada artikel ini akan mencoba mengidentifikasi dan memetakan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Denpasar. Selain identifikasi juga akan dilihat aktivitas masyarakat yang dilakukan pada RTH publik kota. Pendekatan penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, pada tahap pertama dilakukan penelusuran peta melalui bantuan pihak ketiga. Pada tahapan berikutnya akan dilakukan survei lapangan dengan mengunjungi objek untuk mengetahui signifikansi aktivitas dengan menggunakan instrumen google form. Hasilnya berupa sebaran dan luasan RTH publik di Kota Denpasar, analisis kegiatan yang dilakukan di RTH publik, serta preferensi pemilihan RTH publik yang dikunjungi oleh masyarakat Kota Denpasar.
Perencanaan Taman Islami Berbasis EDEN (Educational-Dynamical-Ecological-Natural) di Pondok Pesantren Tahfidz Qur’an Dewan Dakwah Lampung
Authors: Nurrahmah Rizky Aulia
Published: November 2022

Islamic Garden Planning Based on EDEN (Educational-Dynamical-Ecological-Natural) in Pondok Pesantren Tahfidz Qur’an Dewan Dakwah Lampung. Pondok Pesantren Tahfidz Qu’an Dewan Dakwah Lampung is one of the centers of religious education in Kecamatan Kemiling, Bandar Lampung. As an educational area in a strategic region, PPTQ Dewan Dakwah Lampung has the potential to make Bandar Lampung even more advanced. Reciprocity between the government and residents is needed in structuring the PPTQ Dewan Dakwah Lampung related to optimization the land use. The research aims to plan a landscape that can create a quality place to support activities and fulfill user needs. This research used a survey and descriptive qualitative methods. The data were collected through field observation, interview, and literature study, for further were analyzed refers to the complete design process. The research results direct the landscape to an EDEN-based concept (Educational-Dynamical-Ecological-Natural) included in Islamic Placemaking in EDEN (I-PLAN). The application of the elements presented in the site plan or 3D models is adjusted to the concept of an Islamic Garden. By applying I-PLAN can be a safe and comfortable means of education, contemplation, recreation, and behavior guide for users.
Kajian Kebijakan Infrastruktur Hijau: Studi Kasus Kawasan Cekungan Bandung
Authors: Dahlan Muhammad Zaini
Published: November 2022

Sebagai pendekatan perencanaan ruang terbuka hijau-biru yang ramah lingkungan, pengembangan Ruang dan Infrastruktur Hijau (RIH) di Indonesia masih menghadapi kendala dan tantangan. Hal tersebut menunjukan pentingnya penyusunan peraturan dan kebijakan yang mendukung penerapan RIH di Indonesia, khususnya di kawasan perkotaan yang mengalami perkembangan infrastruktur yang masif dan terbatasnya ruang-ruang hijau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peraturan dan kebijakan terkait upaya implementasi Pedoman Perencanaan Ruang dan Infrastruktur Hijau yang disusun oleh Kementerian Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat pada studi kasus perkotaan di Kawasan Cekungan Bandung. Penelitian kualitatif-deskriptif ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan perspektif hukum secara normatif maupun empiris melalui tahapan pengumpulan data (studi pustaka dan wawancara), identifikasi data, validasi data, serta penyajian data. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kawasan Cekungan Bandung belum merealisasikan secara komprehensif pendekatan RIH dalam perencanaan wilayahnya. Sebagian besar nomenklatur RIH belum terdapat di dalam dokumen Rencana Tata Ruang. Dengan mempertimbangkan urgensi RIH dalam wilayah perkotaan, penelitian ini mencoba mengusulkan integrasi perencanaan Ruang dan Infrastruktur Hijau dalam peraturan daerah dengan pendekatan multiskala dan lokalitas. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa diperlukan studi kebijakan terkait yang lebih mendetail untuk menentukan komponen kebijakan daerah terkait perencanaan Ruang dan Infrastruktur Hijau dalam pembangunan wilayah kotanya.
The Effect Combination of Glomus Endomycorrhizal and Trichoderma on The Productivity of Corn (Zea Mays L.)
Authors: Nisa Maghfirotun , Proborini Meitini Wahyuni , Astarini Ida Ayu
Published: November 2022

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kombinasi endomikoriza Glomus dan jamur Trichoderma serta dosis yang sesuai untuk meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.). Penelitian diawali dengan perbanyakan spora endomikoriza Glomus di green house Program Studi Biologi Fakultas MIPA Universitas Udayana dan dilanjutkan dengan penyaringan spora endomikoriza, reisolasi jamur Trichoderma serta uji endomikoriza Glomus dan Trichoderma pada tanaman jagung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan antara kontrol positif (KNO3) dan perlakuan endomikoriza dan Trichoderma pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang akar, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, berat basah dan kering tongkol dan berat pipilan serta berbeda nyata pada besar kecil pipilan. Dosis 125 spora Glomus dan 5 mL Trichoderma memberikan hasil terbaik pada besar kecil pipilan jagung dibandingkan dosis lainnya, sehingga kombinasi endomikoriza dan Trichoderma dapat diaplikasikan untuk mengurangi pupuk kimia yang berlebihan.

Kata kunci: pertumbuhan, produktivitas, pupuk hayati, unsur hara
Struktur Komunitas Plankton di Pantai Samuh, Nusa Dua, Bali
Authors: Putra Dewa Adi , Watiniasih Ni Luh , Dewi Ayu Putu Wiweka Krisna
Published: November 2022

Plankton merupakan organisme yang hidupnya melayang-layang di perairan yang pergerakannya dipengaruhi oleh arus. Keberadaan plankton di suatu perairan dapat digunakan sebagai bioindikator karena memiliki tingkat kepekaan tinggi dan juga dipengaruhi oleh perubahan kondisi perairan. Perubahan-perubahan kondisi perairan dapat diakibatkan oleh adanya aktivitas masyarakat. Salah satu pantai yang banyak memiliki aktivitas masyakarat yaitu Pantai Samuh. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September-Oktober 2021 di Pantai Samuh. Terdapat 3 stasiun pengamatan yaitu stasiun I diperuntukkan sebagai pendaratan kapal, stasiun II umumnya digunakan sebagai tempat rekreasi dan aktifitas masyarakat berwisata, stasiun III diperuntukkan sebagai kawasan perhotelan. Metode yang digunakan mentode deskriptif kuantitatif. Penentuan stasiun dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan fitoplankton yang didapatkan di Pantai Samuh sebanyak 4 kelas yakni Bacillariophceae (13 genus), Zygnemophyceae (1 genus), Cyanophyceae (2 genus) dan Dinophyceae (1 genus). Zooplankton yang di temukan di Pantai Samuh sebanyak 4 kelas yaitu Hexanauplia (1 genus), Branchiopoda (1 genus), Crustacea (1 genus) dan Monogonta (1 Genus). Nilai kelimpahan rata-rata fitoplankton yaitu sebesar 347 dan nilai kelimpahan rata-rata zooplankton yaitu sebesar 25, nilai indeks keanekaragaman rata-rata fitoplankton sebesar 1,56 dan nilai indeks keanekaragaman rata-rata zooplankton sebesar 0,79, nilai keseragaman rata-rata fitoplankton yaitu sebesar 0,72dan nilai keseragaman rata-rata zooplankton yaitu sebesar 0,96, nilai dominansi rata-rata fitoplankton yaitu sebesar 0,31 dan nilai dominansi rata-rata zooplankton yaitu sebesar 0,51.
Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Biji Klabet (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Menurunkan Kualitas Spermatozoa Mencit (Mus musculus) Dewasa Muda
Authors: Susilawati Putu , Satriyasa Bagus Komang , Widianti I Gusti Ayu
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas ekstrak etanol Biji Klabet (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) dapat menurunkan kualitas spermatozoa mencit (Mus musculus) dewasa muda sebagai bahan kontrasepsi pria alami. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan penelitian post-test only control group design. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 36 ekor mencit (Mus musculus) jantan galur Swiss Webster usia 2-3 bulan dengan berat badan 20-30 gram yang dibagi menjadi dua kelompok secara acak. Kelompok kontrol (P0) diberikan CMC Na 0,3% sebanyak 0,5 ml dan kelompok perlakuan (P1) diberikan ekstrak etanol Biji Klabet (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) 0,4 mg/gram BB sebanyak 0,5 ml selama 36 hari per oral. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol Biji Klabet (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) dapat menurunkan kualitas (konsentrasi, motilitas, viabilitas, dan morfologi) spermatozoa (P?0,05), sehingga Biji Klabet (Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn.) memiliki potensi sebagai bahan alami kontrasepsi pria.
Measurement of Absorbed Dose in Water Using Co-60 gamma source Teletherapy Units According to IAEA Dosimetry Protocols
Authors: Md. Minhaj Hossain  , Santunu Purohit  , Tanjim Siddiqua  , Md. Shakilur Rahman  , Mohammed Didarul Alam Mojumder  , Md Jubayer Rahman Akhand  , AKM Moinul Haque Meaze
Published: November 2022

Modern radiotherapy facilities like 3-Dimensional conformal radio therapy (3DCRT), Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT), were recently suggested in Co-60 machine with Multi-leaf Collimator (MLC). In this study, two reference chambers NE-2571#1205 and NE2581#537 were used for absolute dose measurement in Equinox accelerator. A comparison of dose measurement by two different IAEA protocols TRS-277 and TRS-398 has been studied. Analyzing TRS-398, a common shaped empirical formula was developed for the four Co-60 units of four Medical Colleges in Bangladesh with fitting parameters. It was found that an average discrepancy in the determination of absorbed dose in water among the two different protocols TRS-277 and TRS-398 were 1.33 % for the chamber NE-2571#1205 and 0.65 % for the chamber NE2581#537 with combined uncertainty ±1.59 % (k=1). A good convergence has been obtained in the concepts and methods in this study.
Microfacies Analysis and Stratigraphic Framework of Yamama Formation in Sindbad, Halfaya and Ad'daimah Oil Fields, Southern Iraq
Authors: Jameel Nabaa khalid , Al-Zaidy Aiad Ali Hussien
Published: November 2022

The Yamama Formation represents a part of the Late Berriasian-Aptian sequence, deposited during the Early Cretaceous period within the main shallow marine depositional environment. The studied area covers three oil fields; Sindbad oil field, Halfaya and Ad'daimah oil field, located in southeastern Iraq. Six major microfacies were recognized in the succession of the studied area represented by the Yamama Formation to determine and recognize depositional paleoenvironments. These microfacies are; Peloidal  Packstone, Algal  Wackestone to Packstone, Bioclastic Wackestone – Packstone, Foraminiferal Bioclastic Wackstone, Packstone, Peloidal – Oolitic Grainstone and Mudstone Microfacies. These microfacies are classified into three standard microfacies and three Facies Zones MFS-18/FZ- 8, SMF 15/FZ-6 and SMF-10/FZ-7, representing the restricted marine, shoal and shallow open marine associations facies, respectively. 
     The Yamama succession in the studied area is divided into three cycles representing three depositional stages of highstand system tracts. These three cycles are characterized by shallowing upward depositional mode where they are deposited in the shallow open marine shoal with semi-restricted associations facies for each cycle.
     To the northeast of the study area near Halfya-5 well, the shoal association appeared in the lower and middle part of the Yamama succession, and in Da-1 and Sn-2 were three cycles. This case suggests that the paleo high was developed north of the study area, while the open marine was extended to the southern part. The presence of shallow open marine association facies between the Sulaiy and Yamama successions refers to continuous deposition during the same depositional stage in all studied wells. It may mark the end of the Sulaiy succession with the maximum flooding surface (MFS). This first depositional stage is started with the shallow open marine association facies underlain by shoal facies association and then semi-restricted association. The repetition of this cycle in the studied sections symmetrically indicates the harmonic oscillation in sea level during the second and third depositional stages of this sequence.
      The Halfaya oil field within the Mesopotamian Block and Ad'daimah and Sindbad oil fields within the Basra Blok explain the significant variation in the thickness for this succession between the Halfaya oil field and the other oil fields. This may suggest the occurrence of high depositional subsidence in Basra Blok and uplifting during the Yamama depositional stages. The fact that the studied sections are distinguished by the same cycles, albeit roughly, indicates that the lifting and sit-down processes synchronized sedimentation.
The Best Efficient Solutions for Multi-Criteria Travelling Salesman Problem Using Local Search Methods
Authors: Ahmed Manal Ghassan , Ali Faez Hassan
Published: November 2022

In this research, we propose to use two local search methods (LSM's); Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the Bees Algorithm (BA) to solve Multi-Criteria Travelling Salesman Problem (MCTSP) to obtain the best efficient solutions. The generating process of the population of the proposed LSM's may be randomly obtained or by adding some initial solutions obtained from some efficient heuristic methods. The obtained solutions of the PSO and BA are compared with the solutions of the exact methods (complete enumeration and branch and bound methods) and some heuristic methods. The results proved the efficiency of PSO and BA methods for a large number of nodes ( ). The proposed LSM's give the best efficient solutions for the MCTSP for  jobs in a reasonable time.
Some Applications of Quasi-Subordination for Bi-Univalent Functions Using Jackson’s Convolution Operator
Authors: Atshan Waggas Galib , Al-sajjad Reaam Abd
Published: November 2022

In this paper, subclasses of  the function class  ∑  of analytic and bi-univalent functions associated with operator  L_q^(k,  λ)  are introduced and defined in the open unit disk △ by applying quasi-subordination. We obtain some results about the corresponding bound estimations of the coefficients  a_(2 )  and a_(3 ).
Peristaltic Flow with Nanofluid under Effects of Heat Source, and Inclined Magnetic Field in the Tapered Asymmetric Channel through a Porous Medium
Authors: Salih Alaa Waleed , Habeeb Sundos Bader
Published: November 2022

In this present paper , a special model was built to govern the equations of  two dimensional peristaltic transport to nanofluid  flow of a heat source in a tapered  considered in an asymmetric channel. The equations of dimensionless temperature concentration are analytical solve under assumption slow Reynolds number and long wave length. Furthermore, the results that receive by expressing the maximum pressure rise  communicates increased in case of  non-Newtonian fluid when equated with Newtonian fluid. Finally, MATHEMATICA  11 program has been used to solve such system after obtaining the initial conditions.  Most of the results  of drawing  for many are obtained via above program .
Response of The Ionospheric E- Region Critical Frequency and Virtual Height to the Solar Cycle 22 over Baghdad
Authors: Al-Shakarchi Duraid A. , Abd-Almajied Mohammed I
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate the response of the Ionospheric E- region critical frequency foE and virtual height h’E parameters to the solar cycle 22 over Baghdad city (latitude 33.3˚N, longitude 44.4˚E). Both parameters display a high relationship with the sunspot relative number within the ascending and descending phases of the solar cycle. The E - region response to the solar activity is obvious around noon, sunrise and sunset times. Moreover, the gap between local mid-afternoon, dawn and sunset values expands as solar activity rises. In the declining phase, there is an aspect that results in a peak of disturbance. This portion may have linked to coronal holes and resulted in high disturbance peak during 1992-1994. The impact of this portion is obvious in raising the values of foE, especially in 1993.
Heterocyclic Synthesis of Some New Isoxazolidine Derivatives via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition of Nitrones to Styrene
Authors: Qaddo Akram Noori Mohammed , Abed Amjed Ahmed
Published: November 2022

A number of nitrones have been synthesized in three different procedures, starting with N-phenyl hydroxylamine, followed by the condensation reaction with some selected aldehydes. Furthermore, these nitrones were employed in the preparation of a number of new isoxazolidines. Cycloaddition reaction of nitrones to styrene produced the desired products.
The Land Use and Land Cover Classification on the Urban Area
Authors: Mahdi Alaa S.
Published: November 2022

The Land Use/ Land Cover (LULC) is an essential application in many remotely sensed projects and problems. Land use is simply man-made objects such as urban, road complex targets, etc., while land covers are defined as any target and phenomenon that appear neutral. The LULC study is essential for all current and future engineering projects, as it shows the nature of the land's components, which is evident in studying and modernizing residential areas. One of the essential operations for studying LULC is the heterogeneity detection and classification calculations of satellite images and topographic maps. A part of the Baghdad, Iraq region was selected for the Landsat satellite group at different periods to detect variance and make classifications for extracting and calculating ​​the changes. Many digital techniques were used to extract the results, such as; digital change detection and two classification methods. The study showed a significant decrease in the vegetation cover areas after 2015 and the expansion of buildings and unincorporated slums due to the housing crisis. The digital methods and results were evaluated using the ENVI (Environment for Visualizing Images) ver. 4.5 and written subroutines in visual basic 6.0.
Assessment of the Impact of Zebra Mussels on the Ecosystem of the Tigris River
Authors: Meshjel Maysoon H.
Published: November 2022

10 sites were selected for investigating zebra mussels in the Tigris River for the study that was conducted for the period from January to December 2020. The results of this investigation showed that zebra mussels were recorded in the Tigris at Taji on sites 7, 8, 9 and 10, while it was not found in the Tigris at Kut on sites 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. This is the first time that this species was ever recorded in the Tigris. It was found that the sites where zebra mussels appeared had a clear impact on the decrease in the total organic carbon %age and turbidity (NTU). High dissolved oxygen values were observed in the sites where zebra mussels were recorded, and the appearance of zebra mussels in these sites caused a clear decrease in the appearance and total density of benthic invertebrates, in addition to a clear increase in the total density of  epiphytic algae. Zebra mussels caused the disappearance of the local species of the phylum Mollusca and crustaceans in the sites where it appeared.
Revisión crítica de los treinta años de la CNDH (1990-2020)
Authors: Galindo José
Published: November 2022

El presente trabajo tiene como principal objetivo mostrar de manera general diversos aspectos de la historia de la Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos (CNDH), los factores que condujeron a que se creara una institución de esta naturaleza y su evolución a través del tiempo. También busca revisar en periodos recientes la capacidad de este organismo para llevar a cabo sus funciones primordiales, algunas herramientas legales a su disposición y su uso, así como sus diversas estrategias institucionales a lo largo de los años, sin dejar de mencionar la cercanía de este organismo con el poder político. A lo largo del escrito también se señalan diferentes acciones que al paso del tiempo han creado una Comisión no sólo con fallas sino también con aciertos a la hora de cumplir con su propósito central: la salvaguarda de los derechos de las personas.
Palabras clave: Derechos Humanos, Autonomía institucional, Reformas constitucionales
La autonomía de la Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos, un problema de autoridad moral
Authors: Ortiz Treviño Rigoberto Gerardo
Published: November 2022

Históricamente, el ombudsman ha sido un órgano autónomo estatal cuyo objeto es la defensa de derechos humanos y el del poder, en particular de la Administración Pública. Considerado que ese es su telos, se trata -de manera general- de un organismo de derecho público, generalmente elegido por el poder legislativo, para fungir como un supervisor de la administración pública (aunque hay casos en los que llega a vigilar a otros poderes), con el objeto de defender los derechos de los ciudadanos frente a los posibles abusos, omisiones o negligencias de aquélla. Al no ser un órgano de carácter jurisdiccional, sus resoluciones carecen de fuerza vinculante, de ahí que se le defina como una magistratura de persuasión. Por tanto, la fuerza del ombudsman radica en su auctoritas, y por ello, sus opinio iuris formuladas mediante observaciones, informes y recomendaciones, tienen una trascendencia no sólo jurídica sino también en los ámbitos de la moral y de la opinión pública, de ahí que la calidad ética de su titular sea socialmente indiscutible.
Palabras clave: Órganos públicos autónomos, Comisión Nacional de los Derechos Humanos, Auctoritas,  Idoneidad del titular de un Ombudsman, Derechos humanos, Defensa no jurisdiccional de derechos humanos, Derecho constitucional mexicano
Introduction to the Special Issue on Policing: Examining the Role of Testing and Assessment
Authors: Doverspike Dennis , Petruzzelli Alexandra , Cubrich Marc
Published: November 2022

Prepared in response to the weight and seriousness of social concerns with regard to the state and future of policing, this special issue was developed in order to feature research that examined a wide range of personnel and assessment decisions relating to policing. The focus was broad in scope, welcoming conceptual/theoretical papers, quantitative or qualitative reviews, empirical papers, and think pieces. To address the questions and areas identified in the initial call for papers, six articles are presented covering the themes of individual differences in personnel selection group composition and macro-level influences on policing, and practical recommendations and the future of policing. It is our expectation that these manuscripts will serve as a wellspring for further discussion and consideration of the role of psychology and assessment in improving police departments.
What Can Go Wrong When Everything is Right? Using Organizational Justice to Understand Police Misconduct and Improve Personnel Systems
Authors: Busby Antoine , Thornton-Lugo Meghan , Parker Laura , Strah Nicole
Published: November 2022

Despite decades of attention paid to police reform, cases of office misconduct still continue to plague policing organizations. Assuming that organizations may still experience such officer malfeasance even when attempting to pursue best practices, we aim to explore how things can go wrong when everything else seems right. Specifically, we rely on trickle-down models of organizational justice, group engagement, and social identity to articulate how otherwise desirable organizational outcomes may produce detrimental outgroup biases. Based on our theoretical premise, we articulate specific changes that may be made to personnel systems that can avoid such officer misconduct in policing contexts.
Roadkill
Authors: Abel Karen
Published: November 2022

n/a
Design, Intent and Changing Nature of Allan Gardens
Authors: Cowley Matthew
Published: November 2022

Toronto, Canada’s most populous urban centre, is home to millions of people from all over the world. First established as a city in 1834, the lands downtown that were once muddy ports and trading posts are now overshadowed by such architectural giants as the CN tower, the Toronto-Dominion Centre and SkyDome. While these structures are some of the most memorable shapes on the city’s skyline, Toronto is also known for its green spaces, including an extensive ravine system, large urban parks and recreational refuges such as Centre Island.
توظيف الموروث التاريخي في خطابات ابن الحداد الأندلسي
Authors: Mohamad Marwa Murshid
Published: November 2022

تتمحور الدراسة حول الموروث التاريخي في ديوان الشاعر الأندلسي ابن الحداد الوادي آش، ومدى علاقة الشاعر بتراثه، وكيف استقى من مصادره، ليزين بيها أطر خطاباته والتي نقلتنا لصفحات تاريخية قيّمة ومعبرة تدل على تمسك ابن الحداد بموروث أسلافه، والتغني بشخصيات وأحداث وأماكن، حملت على مر العصور الكثير من القصص الملهمة. وتمثل هذه الدراسة في تبيان ما للموروث التاريخي الأصيل من أهمية عند شعراء العصر الأندلسي واعتزازهم به، وتوثيق العلاقة التي جمعت بين التراث والنصوص الشعرية، فجاء منهاج الدراسة بصورته التاريخية الاستقرائية التحليلية، التي وقفت على خطابات الشاعر واستدعاءه للخطابات ثم تحليلها وبيان مواضع الجمال فيها، وكيف وظفها شاعرنا لإيصاله للمعنى المراد.
علم المصطلح ودوره في ترسيخ الوعي المعرفي
Authors: Hammoudi Kamel Salim
Published: November 2022

سأتطرق في البحث إلى التعريف بالمصطلح لغة واصطلاحاً وصولاً إلى تعريف جامع مانع لـ(علم المصطلح). ومن ثم تفصيل باقي العنوان وهو الترسيخ والوعي والمعرفة، وتناولت أهم أركان المصطلح وعناصره والشروط الواجب توفرها في المصطلح الجيد، ووظائفه. وبعد اكتمال التصور عن مفهوم المصطلح وكيف أصبح علماً استعرضت خصائص علم المصطلح وهو ما ورد في المبحث الأول.
     ومن الناحية التاريخية فقد تم تسليط الضوء على نشأة علم المصطلح في التراث العربي وفي العصر الحديث، وتم استعراض أهم المؤسسات اللغوية المصطلحية العالمية بصورة عامة، والمؤسسات اللغوية المصطلحية العربية ودورها في الاهتمام بالمصطلحات العلمية، ومواكبة ركب التطور العالمي على جميع المستويات وفي جميع العلوم.
   وتناولت في المبحث الثاني أهمية علم المصطلح ودوره في بناء وترسيخ الوعي المعرفي ولاسيما في التنمية اللغوية انطلاقاً من دور علم المصطلح في تعريب التعليم وفي التأليف العلمي والصناعة المعجمية والترجمة، وعلى مستوى الدولة والعلاقات الدولية هذا من جانب، ومن الجانب الثاني حاولت الدخول في صلب موضوع بحثنا وهو دور علم المصطلح  في العملية التعليمية .
      وتمَّ تسليط الضوء على مظاهر تطور المصطلح من خلال البعد الاجتماعي والبعد الدلالي والبعد التقني ، وثم تقديم أهم المقترحات والحلول في الخاتمة التي تضمنت أبرز ما توصل إليه البحث من نتائج واستنتاجات عسى أن تكون مفيدة في مسيرة البحث المصطلحي، والله وليُّ التوفيق والحمد لله ربِّ العالمين والصلاة والسلام على النبي العربي الأمين محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين.
تأثير العمليات المورفومناخية على مدينة نيبور (نفر) الحضارية
Authors: Hasan Marwah A. , Abed Falah H. , Al-Khafaji Sarhan N.
Published: November 2022

تناول البحث تحليل أثر العمليات المورفومناخية على مدينة نيبور (نفر) الحضارية , والتي تمثل أهم المدن الأثرية في جنوب العراق . وتهدف الدراسة الى تحليل  أبرز خصائص الجغرافية الطبيعية ودورها في نشاط أو ضعف العمليات المورفومناخية المؤثرة على المواقع الأثرية , وقد اظهرت الدراسة أن فعل العمليات المورفورمناخية على مدينة نيبور (نفر) الحضارية هي الأكثر تأثيراً على المعالم الأثرية في المنطقة , والمتمثلة بعمليات التجوية الكيميائية والميكانيكية والبيولوجية وتأثيراتها المتباينة , وقد عدت التجوية الميكانيكية من أنشط أنواع التجوية في المنطقة , فضلاً عن عمليات التعرية الريحية والمطرية واثرها البارز التي تمارسه على المعالم الأثرية , وقد تم قياس نشاط العمليات المورفومناخية . متمثلة بعمليات التعرية المطرية والريحية ومعدلات القابلية المُناخية السنوية  للتعرية الريحية  فكانت قرينة التعرية في محطة الديوانية المُناخية عالية جداً . واتضح إن عمليات التعرية المطرية  ذات تأثير واضح وكبير على المواقع الاثرية تتمثل بالتعرية التصادمية والصفائحية وتعرية المسيلات والأخاديد المائية , و للعمليات المورفومناخية الارسابية  المتمثلة بالترسيب المطري والريحي اثر واضح وكبير متمثل بطمر الكثير من المواقع الاثرية في المنطقة الاثرية ، كما تساهم الاضطرابات البئية المختلفة، كالتذبذب والتغيير المناخي والاضطرابات الجيولوجية إلى حد كبير جداً في عدم استقرار تلك العمليات المورفومناخية وتأثيراتها على منطقة الدراسة .
الزنوج في موريتانيا.... دراسة في أوضاعهم الاجتماعية والسياسية1960- 1984
Authors: Ahmed Mustaf Hamoudi
Published: November 2022

يشكل موضوع الزنوج في موريتانيا موضوعا ذا اهمية كبيرة يستحق الدراسة، وذلك بسبب الدور الذي قاموا به في تاريخ موريتانيا، إذ يمثل الزنوج السكان الأصليين لموريتانيا وهم أقدم الجماعات البشرية التي سكنت البلاد، ويشكلون حلقة الوصل في موريتانيا بين العالم العربي والعالم الأفريقي، إذ ان للزنوج الموريتانيين ارتباطات مع الدول الإفريقية المجاورة ولاسيما السنغال، إذ تعود أغلب القبائل الزنجية في أصولها الى الدول الإفريقية وترتبط مع القبائل الأفريقية بعلاقات وثيقة، وأغلب القبائل الزنجية في موريتانيا تعتبر امتداداً للقبائل الزنجية في غرب افريقيا، لذلك نلاحظ أن بعض تلك القبائل الزنجية في موريتانيا تؤثر فيها الدول المجاورة ولاسيما السنغال، وذهب بعض الزنوج المتطرفين في موريتانيا الى المطالبة بالانضمام الى السنغال، وطالبوا بالتأكيد على الهوية الأفريقية لموريتانيا وانفصالها عن محيطها وانتمائها العربي، لكن هذه الاصوات المتطرفة لم تحقق هدفها بفضل وجود بعض الزنوج الموريتانيين المعتدلين الذين أكدوا على انتمائهم لموريتانيا واكدوا أن رابطة الإسلام هي أقوى من انتمائهم الافريقي، ورفضوا كل دعوات الانضمام الى المحيط الأفريقي، واثبتوا بذلك أن الزنوج في موريتانيا ليسوا بأقلية في المجتمع الموريتاني، بل انهم مجموعة مهمة في المجتمع الموريتاني، لذلك شاركوا بالحياة السياسية في موريتانيا، وأصبحوا فاعلا اساسيا في مجريات الاحداث السياسة في موريتانيا
سلوك ومهارات الادارة التربوية والتعليمية المعاصرة
Authors: Haraj Muhammad Faleh
Published: November 2022

لم تقتصر مهمة التربوي على تقديم التعليم بل تشمل مجالات أخرى ومنها التوعية الغذائية والصحية والأمنية....ألخ. وقد حملت ثقافة المجتمع من أجل زيادتها التربية الدور الريادي الأول في مساعدة المتعلمين لان يكونوا افراداً صالحين في عالم حديث يتطلب المعرفة والتفكير والعناية وكيفية حل المشكلات وقياس الكفاءة وعملية التطور والتطوير تحتاج الى إعادة النظر فيما تقدمه الإدارة التعليمية المعاصرة من برامج والذي يتطلب تنظيماً مركزاً لتحسين العملية التعليمية بشكل دقيق وبأقل جهد ووقت ومال ولا يتحقق ذلك الا من خلال التخطيط التربوي المتقن الذي يرسم الصورة المستقبلية المرجوة وكيفية الوصول اليها. لان أي عمل ارتجالي لا يعتمد التخطيط المسبق يغلب على نتائجه الهدر والضياع. بينما العمل المخطط له يتميز بحسن الاستثمار في الوقت والامكانيات.
ان الحاجة الى التخطيط وتفصيله بصورة مستمرة تتطلبة عملية تطور المجتمع الذي اصبح يميل الى التعقيد وظهور كثير من العوامل والمتغيرات التي أصبحت تؤثر على العملية التربوية كماً ونوعاً. ومنها زيادة اعداد الطلبة واختلاف الجهات التي تقدم التعليم ومحدودية الموارد. وكثرة العوامل التي تؤثر على شخصية الطالب. وفي هذه الظروف لابد من استخدام التخطيط الاستراتيجي الذي يدرس الماضي ويشخص الحاضر ويقرأ المستقبل. ويشكل المستقبل المرغوب الوصول اليه.
لذلك يفترض من المؤسسة التعليمية ان تكون نظاماً مفتوحاً. ([i])
والعمل بصورة مستمرة بتطوير الكوادر البشرية المؤهلة في التخطيط التربوي سواء التي تشارك في وضع الخطط او تساهم في عملية تنفيذها. من اجل تحقيق الأهداف على افضل صورة ومن الواجب مشاركة المدير للتربية والتعليم ومشرفي المباحث. في عملية الاعداد والتنفيذ ومشاركتهم في العملية التخطيطية وهذه المشاركة تحتاج الى كفايات معرفية وأدائية خاصة في هذا المجال لضمان جودة التأثير والمشاركة في نجاح الخطط تنفيذاً ومتابعة. وذلك يمثل مؤشرات دالة على مدى قدراتهم. والتي يمكن تنميتها وتعزيزها من خلال البرامج التربوية من اجل الأداء الأفضل للقائد التربوي وفي هذا المجال لا بد من تحديد الاحتياجات التدريبية ذات الصلة بهذا الدور والمهارات المطلوبة ([ii])
Cultural Representation in EFL Courses for the Secondary Stage from Palestinian Teachers' Perspectives
Authors: Masoud Khaled M , Alsheikh Nawal
Published: November 2022

The study sought to elicit teachers' perspectives on the representation of cultural facets in English for Palestine 11th &12th courses. The researchers utilized mixed methods to accomplish goal of the study. The sample was purposeful, consisting of (100) male and female secondary English teachers from the governorates of Nablus, Jenin, and Tulkarm. The researchers utilized two tools in collecting the needed data: a content analysis to recognize the cultural elements included in English textbooks for the secondary level, and a questionnaire to highlight the level of teachers' cognizance of cultural aspects revealed in English courses. The two instruments have been used in the study during the first semester of the academic year (2021-2022). The findings linked to cultural aspects revealed in the textbooks are national history, national geography, moral education, religious knowledge, political knowledge, health concerns, economic acquaintances, socialization, national identity, and social interaction. It is found that teachers have a high level of cultural awareness. We recommend that English teachers attend training seminars on incorporating cultural elements into English textbooks for professional development. Correspondingly, the Ministry of Education should hold workshops to assess cultural aspects in English textbooks.
Possibilities of Applying M.M. Bakhtin's Theory of Polyphony to the Analysis of Dramatic Works
Authors: Ma Mengqiu
Published: November 2022

The subject of the study is the possibility of applying M.M. Bakhtin's theory of polyphony to the analysis of dramatic works. Bakhtin’s concept of "polyphony" is associated with the identification of a new novel genre – the polyphonic novel and a new type of artistic thinking, which is different from the monological type. Bakhtin justified the new phenomenon on the example of the work of F.M. Dostoevsky, and does it have a wider distribution? According to many Chinese researchers, Bakhtin's theory of polyphony can be applied not only to Dostoevsky, but also to the dramaturgy of W. Shakespeare, A.P. Chekhov, the Chinese playwright Gao Xingjian, etc. They try to analyze the polyphonic features of various dramatic works, relying on Bakhtin's theory of polyphony. However, some researchers do not accurately interpret Bakhtin's concept. They discover elements of polyphony in some dramatic work and thus consider it quite polyphonic. In this article, the author examines Bakhtin's statements about the monologue of drama and reveals the inaccuracy of Chinese researchers’ interpretations of Bakhtin’s concept of polyphony. Based on the conducted research, we came to the conclusion that M.M. Bakhtin's theory of polyphony does not go beyond the limits of the novel genre, and it cannot be applied to the analysis of dramatic works. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that this article examines various interpretations of Bakhtin’s concepts and terms and reveals the incorrect use of the Bakhtin’s theory of polyphony in modern Chinese literary studies. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is to determine the scope of the application of M.M. Bakhtin's theory of polyphony and to identify the state of reception of Bakhtin's theory of polyphony in China.