bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natural stable isotope ratios and fatty acid profiles of estuarine tidal flat nematodes reveal very limited niche overlap among co-occurring species
Authors: Wu Xiuqin , Bezerra Tania Campinas , Van Gansbeke Dirk , Moens Tom
Published: October 2019

The high local-scale species diversity of marine meiofauna, and of nematodes in particular, has puzzled ecologists for decades. Both pronounced niche differentiation and neutral dynamics have been suggested as mechanisms underlying that high diversity. Differential resource use is the most plausible basis for niche differentiation, yet the vast majority of studies demonstrating that this is prominent in marine nematodes are based on laboratory experiments on single species or highly simplified assemblages. Only a small number of studies have investigated resource differentiation under natural conditions. Here we use natural stable-isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen, as well as fatty-acid profiles, to assess differential resource use and trophic structure in nine abundant estuarine tidal flat nematode species, comprising different presumed feeding modes (deposit feeders, epistratum feeders, predators) and resource guilds (herbivores, carnivores) based on buccal cavity morphology. Nematodes comprise up to three different trophic levels (from primary to tertiary consumers), yet with the exception of some herbivores, omnivory is prominent. Bivariate isotopic niche spaces were of similar size among most species, irrespective of their trophic level. Herbivory not only contributed importantly to the nutrition of suspected herbivores, but also to that of species that were previously considered carnivores based on the morphology of their buccal cavity. Herbivory mainly targets diatoms in some nematode species, yet includes dinoflagellates in others. Bacteria, in contrast, appear to be of limited nutritional importance.Odontophora setosusis identified as a predator/omnivore (possibly of heterotrophic protists) with a trophic level in between that of secondary and tertiary consumers. Our study thus demonstrates that resource differentiation is pronounced among as well as within nematode feeding modes and resource guilds. However, this study included only the most abundant species of the in situ community, hence it remains to be established whether and to what extent its conclusions can be extrapolated to entire, often highly species-rich communities.
Hijacking intracellular membranes to feed autophagosomal growth
Authors: Staiano Leopoldo , Zappa Francesca
Published: October 2019

Autophagy is widely considered as a housekeeping mechanism that enables cells to survive stress conditions and, in particular, nutrient deprivation. Autophagy begins with the formation of the phagophore that expands and closes around cytosolic material and damaged organelles destined for degradation. The execution of this complex machinery is guaranteed by the coordinated action of more than 40 ATG (autophagy‐related) proteins that control the entire process at different stages from the biogenesis of the autophagosome to cargo sequestration and fusion with lysosomes. Autophagosome biogenesis occurs at multiple intracellular sites, such as the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane. Soon after the formation of the phagophore, the nascent autophagosome progressively grows in size and ultimately closes by recruiting intracellular membranes. In this review, we focus on the contribution of three membrane sources – the ER, the ER–Golgi intermediate compartment, and the Golgi complex – to autophagosome biogenesis and expansion. We also highlight the interplay between the secretory pathway and autophagy in cells when nutrients are scarce.
Fiber Scaffold Patterning for Mending Hearts: 3D Organization Bringing the Next Step
Authors: Kristen Marleen , Ainsworth Madison J. , Chirico Nino , van der Ven Casper F. T. , Doevendans Pieter A. , Sluijter Joost P. G. , Malda Jos , van Mil Alain , Castilho Miguel
Published: October 2019

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of death worldwide. The most common conditions that lead to HF are coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, valve disorders, high blood pressure, and cardiomyopathy. Due to the limited regenerative capacity of the heart, the only curative therapy currently available is heart transplantation. Therefore, there is a great need for the development of novel regenerative strategies to repair the injured myocardium, replace damaged valves, and treat occluded coronary arteries. Recent advances in manufacturing technologies have resulted in the precise fabrication of 3D fiber scaffolds with high architectural control that can support and guide new tissue growth, opening exciting new avenues for repair of the human heart. This review discusses the recent advancements in the novel research field of fiber patterning manufacturing technologies for cardiac tissue engineering (cTE) and to what extent these technologies could meet the requirements of the highly organized and structured cardiac tissues. Additionally, future directions of these novel fiber patterning technologies, designs, and applicability to advance cTE are presented.
Luminescent Down‐Conversion Semiconductor Quantum Dots and Aligned Quantum Rods for Liquid Crystal Displays
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek K. , Zhang Wanlong , Schneider Julian , Halpert Jonathan E. , Rogach Andrey L.
Published: October 2019

Herein, emerging applications of luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals are addressed, such as quantum dots and quantum rods as down‐conversion materials used in liquid crystal displays (LCD). Their precisely tunable emission wavelengths and narrow emission bandwidths offer high color purity resulting in a wide color gamut with vivid colors for LCDs. Anisotropic materials, such as quantum rods, have the additional advantage of polarized emission, which can bring a significant improvement to the efficiency of LCD displays. The basic optical properties of these nanomaterials are considered, with a focus on quantum rods, and the challenges and progress in their assembly are discussed. Different techniques for quantum rod alignment are introduced such as shear‐oriented, electric field and magnetic field assisted assembly, mechanical rubbing, stretching, and electrospinning. The photoalignment approach allows for an easy arrangement of quantum rods in‐plane, and the implications of this method to patterning are considered. Different configurations of LCDs utilizing semiconductor quantum dots and quantum rods as down‐conversion layers are also presented, and the potential applications that are enabled by the wide range of emerging materials are highlighted.
A rare case of internal herniation with retrograde jejunogastric intussusception into the stomach
Authors: Chen Chung‐Hung , Yan Sheng‐Lei , Yang Tsung‐Hsun , Yeh Yung‐Hsiang , Ou Jing‐Jim , Lin Chien‐Hua , Lee Yueh‐Tsung
Published: October 2019

Jejunogastric intussusception (JGI) is a rare long‐term complication of Billroth II gastrectomy. It presents potentially lethal complication of gastrectomy or gastrojejunostomy which can occur any time after a gastric operation. Delayed diagnosis can lead to high morbidity and even mortality. Prompt surgical intervention is mandatory after early diagnosis. Endoscopy and abdominal computed tomography (CT) scanning are the main diagnostic tools. For gastric surgery patients who later experience sudden onsets of epigastric pain, vomiting, or subsequent hematemesis, JGI should be considered. A 77‐year‐old man who had a Billroth II gastrectomy 30 years prior to admission presented to our emergency department due to multiple episodes of epigastric colicky pain and hematemesis. He underwent esophagogastroduodenoscope and an abdominal CT scan. We provided a systemic image description of a rare case of internal herniation with retrograde JGI into the stomach. The patient received emergent laparotomy and resection of the efferent loop of the jejunum with the gangrenous segment. He was discharged 10 days after admission. JGI is a rare but potentially fatal disease. Early diagnosis and surgical treatment are important to avoid subsequent high mortality.
Reducing the Biological and Psychological Toxicity of Poverty‐related Stress: Initial Efficacy of the BaSICS Intervention for Early Adolescents
Authors: Wadsworth Martha E. , McDonald Ashley , Joos Celina M. , Ahlkvist Jarl A. , Perzow Sarah E.D. , Tilghman‐Osborne Emile M. , Creavey Kristine , Brelsford Gina M.
Published: October 2019

This proof‐of‐concept study tests the initial efficacy of the Building a Strong Identity and Coping Skills (BaSICS) intervention, a selective prevention of internalizing problems program for early adolescents exposed to high levels of poverty‐related stress. Eighty‐four early adolescents (Mage = 11.36 years) residing in very low‐income neighborhoods were randomized to receive the 16‐session intervention (n = 44) or to an assessment‐only control condition (n = 40). BaSICS teaches coping skills, social identity development, and collective social action to empower youth with the ability to connect with members of their communities and cope with poverty‐related stress in positive and collaborative ways. Pretest–posttest analyses showed that intervention adolescents acquired problem‐solving and cognitive‐restructuring skills and reduced their reliance on avoidant coping. In addition, HPA reactivity was significantly reduced in the intervention youth, but not controls. Finally, intervention youth's internalizing and somatic symptoms as reported by both youth and their parents, showed significant reductions over time, whereas control youth had no such changes. Results provide strong support for this approach to strength‐building and symptom reduction in a population of early adolescents exposed to poverty‐related stress.
Silaboration of [1.1.1]Propellane: A Storable Feedstock for Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane Derivatives
Authors: Kondo Masaki , Kanazawa Junichiro , Ichikawa Tomohiro , Shimokawa Takumi , Nagashima Yuki , Miyamoto Kazunori , Uchiyama Masanobu
Published: October 2019

The silaboration of [1.1.1]propellane enables direct introduction of B and Si functional groups onto the bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) scaffold in high yield under mild, additive‐free conditions. The silaborated BCP can be obtained on a gram‐scale in a single step without the need for column‐chromatographic purification, and is storable and easy to handle, providing a versatile synthetic intermediate for BCP derivatives. We also describe various conversions of the C−B/C−Si bonds on the BCP scaffold, including development of a modified Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction at the highly sterically hindered bridgehead sp3 carbon center of the BCP skeleton using a combination of highly activated BCP boronic esters, copper(I) oxide, and a PdCl2(dppf) catalyst system.
Effect of nanosilica with different interfacial structures on mechanical properties of polyimide/SiO2 composites
Authors: Liang Mengfan , Wang Yu , Sun Shuhong , Yang Wenlong
Published: October 2019

In this article, the effects of coupling agent, silica particle size, and particle shape on the mechanical properties of polyimide (PI) were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and the effect of SiO2 surface treated with coupling agent on the mechanical properties of PI was investigated by experiment. At the same doping volume fraction (5%), the simulation results show that the surface interaction energy between the matrix and particle gradually increases with the radius of the embedded nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the interface interaction energy and mechanical properties of the sphere‐type were significantly higher than the ones of other shaped nanoparticles. Moreover, the simulations were compared with the experimental results; atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy images can verify that after being treated with coupling agent, interface interaction between nanosilica and PI enhances quite a little. The mechanical experimental results show that the tensile strength and elasticity modulus of pure PI, unbonded (UB) PI/SiO2, and bonded PI/SiO2 films are 34.47 and 1.13, 36.46 and 1.32, and 66.20 MPa and 1.72 GPa, respectively. It is indicated that the coupling agent plays a crucial role in nanocomposites. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48595.
Estimation of the detected background by the future gamma ray transient mission CAMELOT
Authors: Řípa Jakub , Galgóczi Gábor , Werner Norbert , Pál András , Ohno Masanori , Mészáros László , Mizuno Tsunefumi , Tarcai Norbert , Torigoe Kento , Uchida Nagomi , Fukazawa Yasushi , Takahashi Hiromitsu , Nakazawa Kazuhiro , Hirade Naoyoshi , Hirose Kengo , Hisadomi Syohei , Enoto Teruaki , Odaka Hirokazu , Ichinohe Yuto , Frei Zsolt , Kiss László
Published: October 2019

This study presents a background estimation for the CubeSats Applied for MEasuring and LOcalising Transients (CAMELOT), which is a proposed fleet of nanosatellites for the all‐sky monitoring and timing‐based localization of gamma ray transients with precise localization capability at low Earth orbits. CAMELOT will allow us to observe and precisely localize short gamma ray bursts (GRBs) associated with kilonovae, long GRBs associated with core‐collapse massive stars, magnetar outbursts, terrestrial gamma ray flashes, and gamma ray counterparts to gravitational wave sources. A fleet of at least nine 3U CubeSats is proposed to be equipped with large and thin CsI(Tl) scintillators read out by multipixel photon counters (MPPC). A careful study of the radiation environment in space is necessary to optimize the detector casing, estimate the duty cycle due to the crossing of the South Atlantic Anomaly and polar regions, and minimize the effect of the radiation damage of MPPCs.
Thermische Analyse einer Dachbegrünung mit Moosmatten
Authors: Port Lukas , Goeke Johannes
Published: October 2019

Obwohl vor Jahrzehnten der Energiebedarf von Gebäuden noch eine untergeordnete Rolle gespielt hat, wurden bereits früh die thermischen Vorteile von Dachbegrünungen genutzt. Beispielsweise lassen Funde von Grassodenhäuser in Island auf das Jahr 1000 n. Chr. schließen. Auch findet sich immer wieder der spezielle Baustil dicker Grasplatten als Dach an Orten mit extremen Klimaschwankungen.

In der hier vorliegenden Studie werden Moosmatten auf ihre Wärmeleitfähigkeit (λ) und den thermischen Widerstandswert (R‐Wert) untersucht. Im Fokus stehen dabei sowohl der strukturelle R‐Wert ohne Änderung des Wassergehalts als auch der effektive R‐Wert, der insbesondere durch die Änderung der latenten Energie gekennzeichnet ist. Die Ergebnisse werden mit den Resultaten ähnlicher Dachbegrünungen von Studien anderer Autoren der letzten Jahre verglichen und in Beziehung gesetzt. Damit sollen die Berechnung der thermischen, energetischen Aktivität der Gebäudehülle unterstützt und die Transmissionswärmeverluste quantifizierbar werden.
Rehabilitation of a patient with spinal cord decompression sickness: First case report from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ullah Sami , Qureshi Ahmad Zaheer , Kedowah Kholoud , AlHargan Afnan , Niaz Asim
Published: October 2019

This case brings attention to development of rehabilitation protocols for patients with decompression sickness (DCS). A lack of data regarding DCS renders the need of conducting multicenter studies to document the epidemiology and outcomes of spinal cord DCS in Saudi Arabia.
An Effective Osteogenesis Porous CaP/Collagen Interface Compatible with Various Substrates Fabricated by Controlled Mineralization in a Delicately Adjustable Organic Matrix
Authors: Ma Zequn , Li Weiyang , Zhang Yihe , Shi Rui , Zhang Yi , Zhang Jingshuang , Li Xiangming , Lu Limei , An Qi
Published: October 2019

Increasing bone formation on the surfaces of implants such as screws, plates, or shims holds great significance for clinical medicine. However, osteogenesis implant coatings that mimic natural bone in terms of both their components and structural features are still lacking. Here we report the biomimetic interface of calcium phosphate (CaP) in a collagen matrix fabricated by controlled mineralization that presents biomimetic porous features. The porous CaP/collagen interface, with a thickness of about 1 μm, significantly enhances osteogenesis, as verified at both the gene and protein levels as well as by in vivo experiments. Taking advantage of the generality of the method, the biomimetic interface was prepared on a variety of substrates, including conductive substrates, 3D metal meshes, plastic or elastic substrates, and even on filter papers. The adjustability and generality of the method have enabled new characterization tests to be developed during experiments on cells and thus should greatly facilitate clinical medicine and tissue engineering.
Proton impact charge exchange and excitation cross sections for liquid Sn divertor studies
Authors: Janev Ratko K. , Jakimovski Dragan
Published: October 2019

The quantum dynamics of charge exchange (electron capture) and excitation processes in proton collisions withSnatoms is studied for the first time by using the two‐centre atomic orbital close coupling method. The expansion basis includes the lowest nine states of singlet and triplet symmetry ofSnand all the states withn ≤ 8 of theHatom. The spin‐resolved state‐selective charge exchange (up ton = 5) and excitation cross sections are calculated in the energy range of0.5 − 100 keV. Strong coupling between the electron capture and excitation channels is observed in the low‐energy(E ≤ 10 keV)region associated with the energy quasi‐resonance of some projectile and target states. The intensities of some strong Sn spectral lines are also calculated for a number of typical tokamak edge plasma temperatures.
Numerical study of an electrostatic plasma sheath with non‐thermal electrons and charged nanoparticles
Authors: Khalilpour Habib , Foroutan Vahid
Published: October 2019

Numerical solutions of the multi‐fluid equations are used to investigate the effects of non‐thermal electrons on the structure of an electrostatic plasma sheath in the presence of nano‐sized dust grains. It is assumed that electrons obey the Cairns distribution [Cairns et al. Geophys. Res. Lett. 22, 2709 (1995)], with a parameter α that determines the effect of non‐thermal electrons and shows the deviation from the Maxwellian distribution. The results revealed that sheath parameters are strongly modified in the presence of non‐thermal electrons and with increasing α the sheath width increases. With the increase in α, the absolute dust charge increases while the dust density is reduced.
Impacts of dominant plant species on trait composition of communities: comparison between the native and invaded ranges
Authors: Hejda Martin , Štajerová Kateřina , Pergl Jan , Pyšek Petr
Published: October 2019

Most studies on the impacts of plant invasions focus on species richness or diversity of invaded communities, but much less attention has been paid to structural changes such as the representation of species with different traits. To bridge this knowledge gap, we assess the impact of dominant species on the trait composition of recipient communities (i.e., how species with certain height, seed mass, specific leaf area, clonality, and life form are represented in the vegetation plots sampled). We sampled vegetation that comprised three species native to Eurasia and invasive in North America (i.e., Agrostis capillaris, Bromus tectorum, and Cirsium arvense) and three species native to North America and invasive in Europe (i.e., Aster novi‐belgii, Lupinus polyphyllus, and Solidago canadensis), in both their native and invaded ranges. This study system based on reciprocal inter‐continental invasions allowed us to assess whether the impact on trait composition differed (1) between the native and invaded ranges and (2) between the two continents. The relationships between species’ dominance and trait composition were tested using linear mixed‐effect models and ordination methods. A general trend was that dominant species with an impact on species richness also had an impact on trait composition, especially in North America, where even the native dominants affected the trait composition of the community. Further, the impact of Eurasian dominants in North America was stronger than that associated with the opposite direction of invasion, due to a strong negative effect of Eurasian invaders on local tall clonal perennials. Our results show that (1) the traits of species in the invaded community co‐determine the impact of invasion and are related to the impacts on species richness and composition; (2) the impacts on trait composition differ between the native and invaded ranges; and (3) the direction of invasion affects the impact on trait composition.
Estimating the seasonal energy balance in Asian black bears and associated factors
Authors: Furusaka Shino , Tochigi Kahoko , Yamazaki Koji , Naganuma Tomoko , Inagaki Akino , Koike Shinsuke
Published: October 2019

Energy balance (i.e., energy intake minus energy expenditure) is an essential factor when evaluating an animal's nutritional state. We aimed to identify periods of the year that are most important for Asian black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in terms of energy balance. We estimated bears’ daily energy balance by estimating energy intake based on the energy content (kcal/g) of major food items, their average ingestion rate (g/min), and daily feeding time (min) and by estimating energy expenditure using an equation for the costs of resting, traveling, and feeding based on behavioral data of 34 bears fitted with GPS collars in central Japan. Because food habits of bears change seasonally, we estimated daily energy balance for each month. And, because bears change their feeding behavior depending on the availability of hard mast, we made separate estimations for years of good and poor mast conditions during autumn. We identified major food items from fecal analysis and calculated the gross energy content per unit for each item. Based on direct observation of bears feeding over 10 yr, we measured ingestion rates of the major food items; Quercus crispula acorns on the tree had the highest ingestion rate, whereas the values of other items did not show notable characteristics. The variability of energy expenditure rose moderately in good mast years, except for males. On the other hand, there was a bimodal pattern of energy intake and energy balance, declining from May to July, rising again from August to October, and declining in November. The peak of energy intake and energy balance was larger in good mast years than in poor mast years only for females, whereas the cumulative energy balance in good mast years was larger than in poor mast years for both sexes. After poor mast years, the cumulative energy balance of males becomes negative in February, during hibernation, and did not exceed zero until August, even if they could start feeding in May. Thus, further longitudinal studies that examine cumulative energy balance, rather than energy balance alone, are necessary to clarify the seasonal change in the nutritional state of Asian black bears.
A method for measuring underground cable constants under electromagnetic induction effects
Authors: Noda Taku , Tadokoro Tomo , Mori Ryota , Nakama Hirofumi , Kaneko Toshiaki , Taira Tasuku
Published: October 2019

At the time of the commissioning of an underground cable transmission line, it is a common practice to perform measurement of its electrical constants. In such measurement performed by a cable manufacturer, the following straightforward method is used for each circuit of the cable line. A three‐phase voltage source is used to apply a balanced three‐phase voltage at the power frequency to one end of the cable circuit with the other end short circuited, and the positive‐sequence impedance is obtained by the measured voltage and current. To obtain the zero‐sequence impedance, a single‐phase voltage at the power frequency is applied to the bonded three phases of one end of the cable circuit, to the ground, with all phases at the other end grounded. If there is no parallel cable circuit in service, this method gives an accurate result. However, if there are one or more parallel cable circuits in service, the cable circuit under measurement gets electromagnetic induction from the magnetic flux generated by the currents on the parallel circuits. This induction generates superimposed currents and, thus, makes the measured result inaccurate. Considering this point, a method to measure a voltage and a current at a frequency different from the power frequency so as to separate the power‐frequency current component generated by the electromagnetic induction and obtain the impedance value at that frequency is proposed in this article. Using impedance values measured at two frequencies different from the power frequency, the power‐frequency impedance value is then obtained by linear approximation. The proposed method is applied to obtain the impedances of a 132‐kV underground cable line, and a reasonable result is obtained.
Slow Relaxation of Magnetization in the Cobalt‐Containing Strontium Hydroxy/Fluoro‐Apatite
Authors: Zykin Mikhail A. , Eliseev Artem A. , Vasiliev Alexander V. , Kremer Reinhard K. , Dinnebier Robert E. , Jansen Martin , Kazin Pavel E.
Published: October 2019

Strontium phosphates with apatite structure containing cobalt and fluoride atoms in the trigonal channels were synthesized and characterized by magnetic measurements. The compounds exhibit slow magnetization relaxation with two types of relaxing centers with an energy barrier for magnetization reversal of about 55 and 200 cm–1, respectively. On the fluoride incorporation, the nature of the magnetic centers remains the same as in the initial hydroxyapatite, while the quantity of cobalt incorporated in the channels is reduced substantially. In the sample with the highest fluoride content slow relaxation behaviour almost disappears.
Rapid Salt‐Assisted Microwave Demulsification of Oil‐Rich Emulsion Obtained by Aqueous Enzymatic Extraction of Peanut Seeds
Authors: Liu Wei , Xiao Bing , Yang Guolong , Bi Yanlan , Chen Fusheng
Published: October 2019

Aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) is an environmentally friendly edible‐oil‐extraction process that can also provide edible protein. However, the AEE process may form a stable emulsion in most cases, which seriously limits the large‐scale industry applications for producing vegetable oils. In this study, the salt‐assisted microwave radiation demulsification of the oil‐rich emulsion prepared with AEE from peanuts is investigated. The microwave demulsification method is compared with other conventional demulsification methods, including heating, and freezing–thawing. The salt‐assisted microwave demulsification of the emulsions shows a greater free oil yield than conventional heating demulsification. Moreover, the microwave demulsification shows a similar free oil yield in less time than freezing–thawing method. Under the optimal operating conditions of demulsification, the free oil yield can reach 92.3% with CaCl2‐assisted microwave demulsification for only 2 min. In addition, the oxidative properties and the fatty acid compositions of the demulsified peanut oil are investigated. No significant difference in the fatty acid composition is observed among salt‐assisted microwave, freezing–thawing, and heating demulsified oil. The oxidative properties of the salt‐assisted microwave demulsified peanut oil is better than the conventional heating demulsified oil. Thus, salt‐assisted microwave demulsification provides a quick and effective demulsification method to obtain vegetable oils with high quality.

Practical Applications: Aqueous enzymatic extraction (AEE) is an environmentally friendly edible‐oil‐extraction process. To solve the problem of stable emulsion formed during AEE process, the salt‐assisted microwave demulsification of the oil‐rich emulsion prepared with AEE is developed with high efficiency (demulsification for 2 min). In addition, the oxidative properties of the microwave demulsified oil is better than the conventional heating demulsified oil.
A 1D High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography Method Validated to Quantify Phospholipids Including Cardiolipin and Monolysocardiolipin from Biological Samples
Authors: Pinault Michelle , Guimaraes Cyrille , Dumas Jean‐François , Servais Stéphane , Chevalier Stephan , Besson Pierre , Goupille Caroline
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study is to identify high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) conditions allowing the separation and quantification of mammalian cellular phospholipids (PLs) (sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, and especially phosphatidic acid, cardiolipin, and monolysocardiolipin, these latter two being specifically located in mitochondria membranes). In order to make this method faster and easier, a 1D HPTLC method is chosen, testing several eluents as well as several staining methods. A pre‐conditioning of HPTLC plates with boric acid and a copper staining reagent followed by carbonization are selected for the quality of PL separation and homogeneity of staining. The selected conditions are discussed and the method validation is performed according to the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Linearity is effective between 1 and 8 µg and limit of quantification is between 0.5 and 2.3 µg depending on PL classes. Precision measurements show coefficients of variation <6%, and when amounts are close to the detection limit, <12%. Lipid extracts of tumor cell lines or isolated mitochondria are used to assess PL profiles. This shows that the HPTLC method can be used routinely to follow level variations of PLs.

Practical Applications: The changes in PL composition play a crucial role in tumor processes and regulate cellular functions modulating cellular signaling or mitochondrial metabolism. The simple and cost‐effective 1D HPTLC method that is developed is applied to lipid extracts of whole tumor cells or hepatocyte‐isolated mitochondria. It is sensitive as well as precise to detect variations of phosphatidic acid or cardiolipin levels linked to physio‐pathological conditions. It can also be used to investigate the composition changes of other membrane PLs. Moreover, with a simultaneous analysis of 14 samples/standards on the same plate (six plates per day), this method is adapted for large series of samples.
Building Up Quaternary Stereocenters Through Biocatalyzed Direct Insertion of Carbon Nucleophiles on Ketones
Authors: Gaggero Nicoletta
Published: October 2019

Quaternary stereocenters are privileged structural motifs, widely distributed in natural products and in pharmaceutically active compounds. Asymmetric methods for the efficient construction of these prominent frameworks are rapidly increasing. Biocatalysis represents an alternative to the existing methods of using hazardous metals and chemicals. Enzymes discussed in this mini‐review involve thiamine‐bisphosphate (ThDP)‐dependent lyases, aldolases and hydroxynitrile lyases. The chiral products, (α‐alkyl‐α‐hydroxy ketones, α‐alkyl‐α‐hydroxy‐β‐diketones, β‐hydroxy ketones, ketone cyanohydrins) obtained by these enzymes, are valuable intermediates suitable for further transformations affording a variety of multi‐functionalized useful building blocks bearing a tetrasubstituted stereocenter, such as amino alcohols, diols, α‐hydroxy carboxylic acids, β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acids to cite only a few.
Convenient Approach to 2‐Substituted (Thio)morpholin‐3‐ones from α‐Diazoacetates via X‐H Carbene Insertion – Lactamization Sequence
Authors: Solovyov Igor , Dar'in Dmitry , Krasavin Mikhail
Published: October 2019

Stepwise coupling of N‐Boc‐protected β‐aminoethanols or β‐mercaptoethylamines with various α‐diazoacetates provides a new, unified approach to constructing (thio)morpholin‐3‐ones. The process involves a Rh2(esp)2‐catalyzed X‐H insertion reaction, Boc group removal and ambient‐temperature lactamization and is conveniently conducted in one‐pot format.
An overview on efforts to enhance the Si electrode stability for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Yuca Neslihan , Taskin Omer S. , Arici Elif
Published: October 2019

This report summarizes the challenges and developments related to the cycle stability of Si anodes. It describes the two‐component material concepts using polymer blends and the approaches to material optimization for more stable Si anodes. Since the anode behavior also depends strongly on the Si particle size (and in polymer mixtures no uniform Si particle size is given), the properties of the Si anodes depending on the Si particle size and the underlying fundamental processes at the solid‐electrolyte interface were described shortly. Bicomponent silicon‐based composites (carbon additives, inorganic nanoparticles and polymers) on the anode behavior were compared by two properties: specific capacity and cycle number of the anodes. This article focuses on Si‐polymer blends where the polymer can act as a binder or/and as a solid‐state electrolyte. To help further the understanding the role of polymer we have gathered together useful data from the literature on solubilities, flexibility and hardness for the polymers generally used. We offer a perspective for polymer hydrogels that will enable a promising material composition for stable Si anodes.
Are disposition effect and skew preference correlated? Evidence from account‐level ELW transactions
Authors: Choi Youngsoo , Kim Woojin , Kwon Eunji
Published: October 2019

This paper examines whether two well‐known cognitive biases, disposition effect and skew preference, may reflect a common feature of certain investors. On the basis of a unique proprietary dataset that provides the details of all transactions in the Korean equity‐linked warrant (ELW) market between 2009 and 2011, we find that investors who realize gains faster than losses are also more likely to trade out‐of‐the‐money ELWs. Investors who are less (more) subject to both biases exhibit the best (worst) risk‐adjusted trading performance. Our findings suggest that disposition effect and skew preference occur simultaneously, which could adversely affect trading performance.
Genomic profiling of the residual disease of advanced high‐grade serous ovarian cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Lee Yong J. , Kim Dachan , Shim Jung E. , Bae Su‐Jin , Jung Yu‐Jin , Kim Sora , Lee Hanna , Kim So H. , Jo Su B. , Lee Jung‐Yun , Kim Hyun‐Soo , Paik Soonmyung
Published: October 2019

The goal of our study was to demonstrate the spectrum of genomic alterations present in the residual disease of patients with advanced high‐grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), including matched pretreatment biopsies. During the study period between 2006 and 2017, we collected pre‐NAC and post‐NAC tumor tissue samples from patients with advanced HGSOC. We performed combined next‐generation sequencing and immunohistochemistry to identify actionable targets and pathway activation in post‐NAC residual tumors. We also examined whether post‐NAC profiling of residual HGSOC identified targetable molecular lesions in the chemotherapy‐resistant component of tumors. Among 102 post‐NAC samples, 41 (40%) of patients had mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes (HRR deficiency). Patients with HRR mutations had higher tumor mutation burdens (p < 0.001) and higher alterations in the PI3K–AKT–mTOR pathway (p = 0.004) than patients without these HRR mutations. Nevertheless, we found no significant differences in progression‐free survival (p = 0.662) and overall survival (OS; p = 0.828) between the two groups. Most patients (91%) had alterations in at least one of the targetable pathways, and those patients with cell cycle (p = 0.004) and PI3K–AKT–mTOR signaling (p = 0.005) pathway alterations had poorer OS (Bonferroni‐corrected threshold = 0.0083, 0.05/6). We showed the genomic landscape of tumor cells remaining in advanced HGSOC after NAC. Once validated, these data can help inform biomarker‐driven adjuvant studies in targeting residual tumors to improve the outcomes of patients with advanced HGSOC after NAC.
A modification for the calculation of water depth profiles in oil‐treated skin by in vivo confocal Raman microscopy
Authors: Choe Chunsik , Schleusener Johannes , Choe Sehyok , Lademann Jürgen , Darvin Maxim E.
Published: October 2019

In this study, an extended calculation method for the determination of the water profiles in oil‐treated skin is proposed, which is based on the calculation of the ratio between the Raman band intensities of water (3350‐3550 cm−1) and keratin Amide I at 1650 cm−1. The proposed method is compared with the conventional method based on the ratio of the Raman band intensities of water (3350‐3550 cm−1) and keratin at 2930 cm−1. The conventional method creates artifacts in the depth profiles of the water concentration in oil‐treated skin, showing a lower amount of water in the upper and intermediate layers of the stratum corneum, which is due to the superposition of oil‐ and keratin‐related Raman bands at 2930 cm−1. The proposed extended method shows no artifacts and has the potential to determine the water depth profiles after topical application of formulations on the skin.
Accelerated Cortical Osteolysis of Metatarsals in Charcot Neuroarthropathy: A Cross‐Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Sinacore David R. , Smith Kirk E. , Bohnert Kathryn L. , Gutekunst David J. , Johnson Jeffrey E. , Strube Michael J.
Published: October 2019

Metatarsals are frequent sites of stress and fragility fractures in younger athletic populations and aging older adults. Metatarsal fractures are particularly common in Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN), a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and peripheral neuropathy (PN). Neuropathic metatarsal fractures may be caused by an accelerated cortical bone osteolysis and may be reflected as geometric‐derived strength estimates from standard foot radiographs. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to determine geometry and strength‐derived estimates of the metatarsals in individuals with DM, PN, and CN compared with younger and older adult controls who were nondiabetic and nonneuropathic. We studied 62 participants: 20 young adult controls (YACs), 22 older adult controls (OACs), and 20 diagnosed with DMPN&CN. From weight‐bearing radiographs, we measured the outer diaphysis diameter and inner marrow diameter at the distal, middle, and proximal diaphysis sites of the second and fifth metatarsal. From these diameters, we derived strength estimates of combined cortical width (CCt.Wi), percent cortical area (%Ct.rA), buckling ratio (BR), moment of inertia (MOI), and section modulus (SM) at each site in both metatarsals. DMPN&CN participants had an accelerated cortical thinning, decreased %Ct.Ar, increased BR, and lower MOI and SM compared with OACs and YACs. The OACs showed age‐related decreases in CCt.Wi and % Ct.Ar, and increased BR. The BR demonstrated significant group × bone × site interaction with the distal fifth metatarsal in the DMPN&CN group having the lowest bone strength. The BR in the distal fifth metatarsal of DMPN&CN participants was 36% and 49% greater than in the OAC and YAC groups, respectively. DMPN&CN participants have lower metatarsal bone strength estimates compared with younger and older adult controls. Standard foot radiographs demonstrate an accelerated cortical osteolysis in DMPN&CN individuals, particularly in the distal fifth metatarsal diaphysis. © 2019 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research © 2019 The Authors.JBMR Pluspublished by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Representations of Shavitt Graphs Within the Graphical Unitary Group Approach
Authors: Shepard Ron , Brozell Scott R. , Gidofalvi Gergely
Published: October 2019

The Shavitt graph is a visual representation of a distinct row table (DRT) within the graphical unitary group approach. The DRT is a compact representation of the entire configuration state function expansion space within a molecular electronic structure calculation. Each node of the graph is associated with an integer triple (a
k,b
k,c
k). These integers may be mapped to other quantum numbers, including the number of orbitals, number of electrons, and spin quantum number, and used to display Shavitt graphs in various ways that emphasize different aspects of the expansion space or that reveal different aspects of computed wave functions. The features of several graph density plots are discussed, including electron–hole symmetries and the bonding–antibonding wave function character. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LncRNA SNHG3 is activated by E2F1 and promotes proliferation and migration of non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells through activating TGF‐β pathway and IL‐6/JAK2/STAT3 pathway
Authors: Shi Jindong , Li Jiannan , Yang Shuang , Hu Xiaoying , Chen Jiajun , Feng Jingjing , Shi Tianyun , He Yanchao , Mei Zhoufang , He Wei , Xie Juan , Li Shanqun , Jie Zhijun , Tu Shuiping
Published: October 2019

Recently, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been widely reported to play pivotal roles in the regulation of human cancers. Although the oncogenic property of lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 3 (SNHG3) has been revealed in a variety of cancers, functions and regulatory mechanism of SNHG3 in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain to be investigated. In this study, we detected the upregulated expression of SNHG3 in NSCLC tissues as well as cells through quantitative reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) analysis. Using Kaplan–Meier analysis, we determined that a high‐level of SNHG3 was associated with a low overall survival rate of patients with NSCLC. Through gain and loss of function experiments, we demonstrated that SNHG3 had a significantly positive effect on NSCLC cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistic investigations revealed that SNHG3 was a predicted direct transcriptional target of E2F1. We observed that the transcriptional activation of SNHG3 could be induced by E2F1. To explore the mechanism, rescue experiments were carried out, which revealed that the cotreatment with SB‐431542, JSI‐124, or JSI‐124 + SB‐431542 rescued the effects brought by the overexpression of SNHG3 on NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition process. Our results suggested that E2F1 activated SNHG3 and promoted cell proliferation and migration in NSCLC via transforming growth factor‐β pathway and interleukin‐6/janus‐activated kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway, which implied that SNHG3 may be a biomarker for the treatment of patients with NSCLC.
Identification of novel LncRNA targeting Smad2/PKCα signal pathway to negatively regulate malignant progression of glioblastoma
Authors: Tang Chuanxi , Wang Yue , Zhang Lei , Wang Jie , Wang Wei , Han Xiao , Mu Chunyan , Gao Dianshuai
Published: October 2019

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly proliferative cancer with generally poor prognosis and accumulating evidence has highlighted the potential of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the biological behaviors of glioma cells. This study focused on the identification of lncRNAs to identify targets for possible GBM prognosis. Microarray expression profiling found that 1,759 lncRNAs and 3,026 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) were upregulated, and 1932s lncRNA and 2,979 mRNAs were downregulated in GBM. Bioinformatics analysis and experimental verification identified TCONS_00020456 (TCON) for further analysis. In situ hybridization, along with immunohistochemical and receiver operating characteristic analysis determined TCON (truncation value = 3.5) as highly sensitive and specific in GBM. Grade IV patients with glioma life span with different lncRNA staining scores were analyzed. TCON staining scores below 3.5 indicated poor prognosis (life span ranging from 0.25 to 7 months), even if the glioma was surgically removed. TCON decreased significantly in GBM, and showed a coexpressional relationship with Smad2 and protein kinase C α (PKCα). Overexpression of TCON reduced the proliferation on one hand and migration, invasion on the other. TCON also inhibited epithelial–mesenchymal transformation and glioma progression in vivo, based on a nude mouse tumorigenicity assay. In addition, we predicted a potential binding site and intersection that microRNAs targeting Smad2, PKCα, and TCON through RACE pretest and bioinformatics analysis. Taken together, TCON, regarded as oncosuppressor, targeting the Smad2/PKCα axis plays a novel role in inhibiting the malignant progression of glioma. Moreover, it also demonstrates that the level of TCON can be used as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker for GBM.
Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 2 modulates pain sensitivity by suppressing the ROS‐RUNX3 pathway in a rat model of neuropathy
Authors: Li Yinyu , Li Huanli , Han Jinsong
Published: October 2019

Neuropathic pain correlates with a lesion or other dysfunction in the nervous system. Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate receptor 2 (S1P2) is expressed in the central nervous system and modulates synaptic plasticity. The present study aimed to investigate the role of S1P2 in neuropathic pain caused by chronic constriction injury (CCI). Sprague‐Dawley rats were allocated into eight groups (n = 15 for each group): sham, CCI, CCI + green fluorescent protein, CCI + S1P2, CCI + Ctrl‐short hairpin RNA (shRNA), CCI + S1P2 shRNA, CCI + S1P2 + CYM‐5442, and CCI + S1P2 shRNA + CYM‐5442. The CCI model was established via sciatic nerve ligation. S1P2 was overexpressed or knocked down by intrathecal injection of adeno‐associated virus‐S1P2 (AAV‐S1P2) or AAV‐S1P2 shRNA. The S1P1 agonist, CYM‐5442 (1 mg/kg), was injected intraperitoneally after surgery. S1P2 expression, pain thresholds, apoptosis signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress in rats were then examined. We found that sciatic nerve injury downregulated S1P2 expression in the spinal cords of rats. S1P2 overexpression enhanced pain thresholds. In contrast, S1P2 knockdown decreased pain thresholds in rats exposed to CCI. CCI and S1P2 silencing increased secretion of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, and CCL2, whereas S1P2 overexpression decreased. S1P2 impeded CCI‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and runt‐related transcription factors 3 (RUNX3) downregulation, and S1P2 knockdown had the opposite effect. S1P2 overexpression suppressed Bax and active caspase 3 expression and promoted Bcl‐2 expression, whereas loss of S1P2 reversed their expression. Additionally, S1P1 activation counteracted the effect of S1P2 on pain sensitivity. In conclusion, S1P2 is downregulated in CCI rats and may help modulate neuropathic pain via the ROS/RUNX3 pathway.