bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Description of the ‘stargazer mysid’ Mysidopsis zsilaveczi sp. nov. (Mysida, Mysidae, Leptomysinae) from the Cape Peninsula, South Africa
Authors: Wittmann K. J. , Griffiths C. L.
Published: November 2014

Mysidopsis zsilaveczi sp. nov. shows colour patterns on the eye that mislead the observer in thinking that the eyes are facing upwards, largely irrespective of their actual orientation, and have resulted in local divers naming these animals ‘stargazer mysids’. To date, only males of the new species could be sampled. Within the species-rich genus Mysidopsis G. O. Sars, 1864 the males of M. zsilaveczi are characterized, besides their unique colour patterns, by a subdivided antennal scale; by a small, mid-dorsal protuberance on the carapace; by endopods of all pleopods having a large, expanded, plate-like exite on the basal segment; by the comparatively large, two-segmented endopod of pleopod 1; by uropodal endopods that extend well beyond the telson; and by having a linguiform telson with spines all along its lateral margins. The new species also shows diverse, very small, lobe-like structures on basis and dactylus of thoracic endopods 3-8. Closely similar structures were for the first time also found in Mediterranean material of M. angusta G. O. Sars, 1864 and M. gibbosa G. O. Sars, 1864. This new species raises the number of southern African Mysidopsis species to nine, confirming the coastal waters of this subcontinent as being one of the major hotspots of diversity in this genus. An updated key to the Mysidopsis species from southern Africa (Namibia plus South Africa) is provided.
Cognate and Analogical Curses in Moroccan Arabic: A Comparative Study of Arabic Speech Genres
Authors: Stewart Devin J.
Published: November 2014

This study describes the form and function of Moroccan Arabic cognate and analogical curses. Drawing on scholarship on curses in other Arabic dialects, it provides a comparative discussion of the Moroccan variety and analyzes a corpus of cognate curses that includes many of the standard members of the genre. It then defines the analogical curse, arguing that this particular type of curses derives from proverbs based on the simile. It suggests that the speech genre of curses in the Arabic dialects goes back to a common repertoire that predates the Islamic period.
Re-Reading Vitoria: Re-Conceptualising the Responsibility of Rebel Movements
Authors: Greenman Kathryn
Published: November 2014

This article begins with an analysis of the concept of responsibility elaborated in the jurisprudence of Francisco de Vitoria. It is argued that Vitoria’s concept of responsibility plays a central role in his construction of an international legal framework for the management of the Indians by the Spanish, a ‘management model’ which operated so as to legitimise Spanish administration of the colonised world and ultimately, to consolidate the emerging authority of the European sovereign state. In the second part of the article this re-reading of Vitoria forms the basis of reflection on present international law and practice regarding the responsibility of rebel movements. It is used to challenge the idea that the increased engagement with rebel movements by international organisations and legal scholars since the end of the Cold War is necessarily a liberalising and emancipatory move.
The Case for a Convention on State Responsibility
Authors: Pacht Laurence T.
Published: November 2014

At the time of adopting the Articles on the Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, in 2001, the International Law Commission recommended, inter alia, that the General Assembly of the United Nations consider the possibility of negotiating a convention on the basis of the Articles. On four occasions, since 2001, the member states in the Sixth Committee of the General Assembly have been divided on whether to do so. Nonetheless, the most recent such debate, held in 2013, revealed a strong undercurrent of support among the states for convening a diplomatic conference to negotiate a treaty. However, this trend is not reflected in much of what has been written and argued in the public space, which has been almost entirely in opposition to a convention. The main argument for such opposition has been that a treaty negotiation would set back the development of the law either through the adoption of a flawed text or through failure to reach agreement. The present article seeks to scrutinise the viability of such a prognosis, by both responding to the arguments made against a treaty negotiation and by offering some reasons for supporting the negotiation of a convention on the responsibility of states for internationally wrongful acts.
The Northern Sea Route and the Seaward Extension of Uti Possidetis (Juris)
Authors: Rossi Christopher R.
Published: November 2014

Once considered impassable due to icebound conditions of the High Arctic, receding ice attributed to climate change and projections of ice-free polar seasons in coming decades may soon make the Northeast Passage a commercially viable conduit for seafaring traffic. A major stretch of this waterway atop Russia, straddling Eurasia from Providence Bay to Murmansk, passes through important geographic bottlenecks that scantily ever have been traversed by non-Russian ships, until most recently. This stretch, referred to as the Northern Sea Route, is claimed by Russia as historic waters, making its use subject to Russia’s complete sovereign decisions. The United States regards the Route as an international strait connecting two high seas, making transit free and open to all ships, military or commercial, in accordance with traditional High Seas freedoms and a newer right of transit passage. This article considers the prospect of a coming clash in the waters of the High Arctic over the legal status of the Northern Sea Route. Through analogous application of the Roman law principle of uti possidetis juris, a principle adapted to international law, but with serious criticism, this article argues that Russia’s claim of sovereign control over the Route finds legal support but is pragmatically and strategically weak. Existing lacunae in the governing international law of the sea nevertheless make consideration of the principle valuable, particularly components of the principle that emphasise factual circumstances, called effectivités, which support Russia’s claim. The creeping pelagic significance of this principle, historically tethered to terrestrial border delimitations and more recently to factual patterns involving gross human rights abuse, is affirmed, notwithstanding doctrinal criticisms about its topical application.
An Official Image of the World for the Hispanic Monarchy
Authors: Sánchez Antonio
Published: November 2014

This paper discusses the Padrón Real (Royal Pattern Chart or master sea chart), an official class of maps of the world instituted by the Spanish monarchy and produced by Seville’s Casa de la Contratación (House of Trade) from 1508 onwards, in a political context dominated by the dispute between the two largest expansionist empires in Europe – Portugal and Castile – which was heightened following the signing of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. The Padrón Real became a model for European cartographers and its history sheds light on the development of map-making practices at the Casa in the Crown’s attempt to regulate cosmography for its own political ends.

The Padrón Real was unprecedented for its time and, together with the question of how to determine longitude, reflected what were the most important cartographic challenges facing the early modern world: how to represent a three-dimensional body – the globe – on a flat surface and how to provide reliable geographic maps when they were subject to constant revision.
A Tentative Astronomical Dating of Ibn al-Haytham’s Solar Eclipse Record
Authors: Raynaud Dominique
Published: November 2014

This article aims to test a new method of dating optico-astronomical manuscripts, using Ibn al-Haytham’s Epistle on the Shape of the Eclipse as the test case. This work is selected because of indications that its diagrams are based on reality. After clarifying the observation conditions, an astronomical ephemeris is applied to sift through the eclipses that occurred during Ibn al-Haytham’s life throughout the area he is believed to have sojourned. Next, the remaining eclipses are sorted by computing the image projection. The results show that Ibn al-Haytham’s Epistle is likely to have reported the partial solar eclipse of 28 Rajab AH380/21 October 990 in Baṣra. Because this exercise is primarily the test of a new method, this finding should be regarded as a tentative outcome, pending further information.
Isidore’s Compass
Authors: Martines Giangiacomo
Published: November 2014

In the history of architecture, the construction of vaults was one of Rome’s supreme achievements, yet paradoxically it is not mentioned in any of the existing literary sources. Hero of Alexandria wrote a treatise entitled On Vaulting, which unfortunately is lost. A commentary on it was written by Isidore of Miletus, who lived at the time of the construction of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople. We know this only from a brief remark in Commentary on the Sphere and Cylinder of Archimedes, written by Eutocius of Ascalon; furthermore the scholium refers to the drawing of a parabola. It was at about this same time that the parabola became very important in the East, as can be seen in the construction of Kosrow’s Arch at Ctesiphon. The present study examines Eutocius’ remark and the context in which it is to be found in his Commentary, and takes a look at the primacy of the parabola in the static behaviour of domes.
Typification of some Species of Sloanea (Elaeocarpaceae)
Authors: Sampaio Daniela , Souza Vinicius Castro
Published: November 2014

Sloanea L. is the largest genus of Elaeocarpaceae in the New World and their species occurs from Mexico to Southern of Brazil. During the revision of the genus that we made for extra-Amazonian region of Brazil it was detected the need to organize its nomenclature, carried out in the present study which resulted in 48 valid names, 15 lectotypes here designated, 4 new synonyms and one illegitimate name. Additional comments on the genus, its geographical distribution, habitat type and season of flowering and fruiting are also provided.
Octoblepharum pocsii (Calymperaceae), a recently described African moss species new to Laos and Asia
Authors: He Si
Published: November 2014

The genus Octoblepharum Hedwig (1801: 50), consisting of 18 accepted species, is mainly distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, with four species in Africa, one in Asia, and the majority of the species in the Neotropics; it is seldom found in temperate latitudes (Eddy 1990, Salazar-Allen 1991, Magill & Allen 2013).
A new species of Orobanche (Orobanchaceae) from Turkey
Authors: Zare Golshan
Published: November 2014

Orobanche turcica (Orobanchaceae) is described as a new species from Turkey. The new species is a close relative of O. anatolica. Morphological differences of the new taxon from closely related species are discussed. A distribution map, illustration, as well as pollen and seed microphotographs of the species are provided.
Reappraisal of Nymphoides coronata (Menyanthaceae), A 100-year-lost Species Endemic to South China
Authors: Zhou Yadong , Xiao Keyan , Hu Guangwan , Zhan Qinghua , Wang Qingfeng
Published: November 2014

In this paper, we reported and amended the morphological characters of Limnanthemum coronatum Dunn, which was about 100-year-lost species endemic to South China, and transferred it into Nymphoides, using a recombination name, Nymphoides coronata (Dunn) Chun ex Y.D. Zhou & G.W. Hu.
A new Australian genus and five new species of Rogadinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), one reared as a gregarious endoparasitoid of an unidentified limacodid (Lepidoptera)
Authors: QUICKE DONALD L. J. , SHAW MARK R. , ACHTERBERG CORNELIS VAN , BLAND KEITH P. , BUTCHER BUNTIKA A. , LYSZKOWSKI RICHARD , ZHANG Y. MILES
Published: November 2014

Teresirogas Quicke & Shaw gen. nov. (type species T. australicolorus Quicke & Shaw sp. nov.) is described and illustrated, based on a series recently reared gregariously from a cocooned mummy of an unidentified species of Limacodidae collected under loose Eucalyptus bark in New South Wales, Australia. Older reared and unreared congeneric specimens represent four additional species, T. billbrysoni Quicke & van Achterberg sp. nov., T. nolandi Quicke & Butcher sp. nov., T. prestonae Quicke & van Achterberg sp. nov., and T. williamsi Quicke & van Achterberg sp. nov., which are also described and illustrated. Three of these additional species have also been reared from Limacodidae cocoons on Eucalyptus, with one, perhaps erroneous, record suggesting a saturniid host. Molecular analysis confirms the placement of the new type species of Teresirogas in the tribe Rogadini, as inferred initially from the claws with pointed basal lobe and host relationships of some of the species, but one species has the claw character poorly developed which had made its affinities uncertain before the more recently reared and sequenceable material became available.
The Characterization of Ice Hydrometeor Gamma Size Distributions as Volumes in N0–λ–μ Phase Space: Implications for Microphysical Process Modeling
Authors: McFarquhar Greg M. , Hsieh Tsung-Lin , Freer Matt , Mascio Jeana , Jewett Brian F.
Published: November 2014

Gamma distributions represent particle size distributions (SDs) in mesoscale and cloud-resolving models that predict one, two, or three moments of hydrometeor species. They are characterized by intercept (N0), slope (λ), and shape (μ) parameters prognosed by such schemes or diagnosed based on fits to SDs measured in situ in clouds. Here, ice crystal SDs acquired in arctic cirrus during the Indirect and Semi-Direct Aerosol Campaign (ISDAC) and in hurricanes during the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses (NAMMA) are fit to gamma distributions using multiple algorithms. It is shown that N0, λ, and μ are not independent parameters but rather exhibit mutual dependence. Although N0, λ, and μ are not highly dependent on choice of fitting routine, they are sensitive to the tolerance permitted by fitting algorithms, meaning a three-dimensional volume in N0–λ–μ phase space is required to represent a single SD. Depending on the uncertainty in the measured SD and on how well a gamma distribution matches the SD, parameters within this volume of equally realizable solutions can vary substantially, with N0, in particular, spanning several orders of magnitude. A method to characterize a family of SDs as an ellipsoid in N0–λ–μ phase space is described, with the associated scatter in N0–λ–μ for such families comparable to scatter in N0, λ, and μ observed in prior field campaigns conducted in different conditions. Ramifications for the development of cloud parameterization schemes and associated calculations of microphysical process rates are discussed.
Evaluating the Performance of Hydrological Models via Cross-Spectral Analysis: Case Study of the Thames Basin, United Kingdom
Authors: Weedon Graham P. , Prudhomme Christel , Crooks Sue , Ellis Richard J. , Folwell Sonja S. , Best Martin J.
Published: November 2014

Nine distributed hydrological models, forced with common meteorological inputs, simulated naturalized daily discharge from the Thames basin for 1963–2001. While model-dependent evaporative losses are critical for modeling mean discharge, multiple physical processes at many time scales influence the variability and timing of discharge. Here the use of cross-spectral analysis is advocated to measure how the average amplitude—and independently, the average phase—of modeled discharge differ from observed discharge at daily to decadal time scales. Simulation of the spectral properties of the model discharge via numerical manipulation of precipitation confirms that modeled transformation involves runoff generation and routing that amplify the annual cycle, while subsurface storage and routing of runoff between grid boxes introduces most of the autocorrelation and delays. Too much or too little modeled evaporation affects discharge variability, as do the capacity and time constants of modeled stores. Additionally, the performance of specific models would improve if four issues were tackled: 1) nonsinusoidal annual variations in model discharge (prolonged low base flow and shortened high base flow; three models), 2) excessive attenuation of high-frequency variability (three models), 3) excessive short-term variability in winter half years but too little variability in summer half years (two models), and 4) introduction of phase delays at the annual scale only during runoff generation (three models) or only during routing (one model). Cross-spectral analysis reveals how reruns of one model using alternative methods of runoff generation—designed to improve performance at the weekly to monthly time scales—degraded performance at the annual scale. The cross-spectral approach facilitates hydrological model diagnoses and development.
Impact of Varying Storm Intensity and Consecutive Dry Days on Grassland Soil Moisture
Authors: Hottenstein John D. , Ponce-Campos Guillermo E. , Moguel-Yanes Julio , Moran M. Susan
Published: November 2014

Intra-annual precipitation patterns are expected to shift toward more intense storms and longer dry periods because of changes in climate within future decades. Using satellite-derived estimates of plant growth combined with in situ measurements of precipitation and soil moisture between 1999 and 2013, this study quantified the relationship between intra-annual precipitation patterns, annual average soil moisture (at 5-cm depth), and plant growth at nine grassland sites across the southern United States. Results showed a fundamental difference in the response to varying precipitation patterns between mesic and semiarid grasslands. Surface soil moisture in mesic grasslands decreased with an increase of high-intensity storms, whereas in semiarid grasslands, soil moisture decreased with longer dry periods. For these sites, annual average soil moisture was a better indicator of grassland production than total annual precipitation. This improved ability to predict variability in soil moisture and plant growth with changing hydroclimatic conditions will result in more efficient resource management and better-informed policy decisions.
Surfzone Monitoring Using Rotary Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Brouwer Ronald L. , de Schipper Matthieu A. , Rynne Patrick F. , Graham Fiona J. , Reniers Ad J. H. M. , MacMahan Jamie H.
Published: November 2014

This study investigates the potential of rotary wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to monitor the surfzone. This paper shows that these UAVs are extremely flexible surveying platforms that can gather near-continuous moderate spatial resolution and high temporal resolution imagery from a fixed position high above a study site. The rotary wing UAVs used in this study can fly for ~12 min with a mean loiter radius of 1–3.5 m and a mean loiter error of 0.75–4.5 m. These numbers depend on the environmental conditions, flying style, battery type, and vehicle type. The images obtained from the UAVs, and in combination with surveyed ground control points (GCPs), can be georectified to a pixel resolution between 0.01 and 1 m, and a reprojection error—that is, the difference between the surveyed GPS location of a GCP and the location of the GCP obtained from the georectified image—of O(1 m). The flexibility of rotary wing UAVs provides moderate spatial resolution and high temporal resolution imagery, which are highly suitable to quickly obtain surfzone and beach characteristics in response to storms or for day-to-day beach safety information, as well as scientific pursuits of surfzone kinematics on different spatial and temporal scales, and dispersion and advection estimates of pollutants.
Multisource Principal Evaluation Data
Authors: Goldring Ellen B. , Mavrogordato Madeline , Haynes Katherine Taylor
Published: November 2014

Purpose: A relatively new approach to principal evaluation is the use of multisource feedback, which typically entails a leader’s self-evaluation as well as parallel evaluations from subordinates, peers, and/or superiors. However, there is little research on how principals interact with evaluation data from multisource feedback systems. This article explores how principals orient and react to multisource feedback on their effectiveness as instructional leaders and how they interpret gaps between their self-assessments of their leadership effectiveness and their teachers’ ratings of their leadership effectiveness. Research Methods: Using interview data collected from 14 principals in an urban school district in the southeast United States at two points in time, this study conducts a qualitative analysis to examine principals’ orientations and reactions to their feedback. Findings: Our study finds that principals often experience cognitive dissonance when feedback from different data sources (e.g., their self-ratings to those of their teachers) contrasts. This can result in a motivation to reduce dissonance either by providing explanations and excuses, or making actual changes that result in improvement. Implications for Research and Practice: As performance feedback continues to become more commonplace in school settings, it will become increasingly necessary to build capacity around the processes of giving and receiving feedback. Results from this study have implications for how principals can be supported to use their evaluation data.
William Tyndale
Authors: Werrell Ralph S.
Published: November 2014

This article considers four important aspects we need to understand William Tyndale: the Person; the Father of Modern English; the Translator; and the Theologian. Discussed in the first section is what Tyndale reveals about himself as a person, especially using autobiographical illustrations from his childhood. When Tyndale went to Europe, we have to introduce some speculation regarding his movements, but these are kept to a minimum. Tyndale the Father of Modern English shows the influence Tyndale had in changing Middle English into Modern English when the change was taking place. Tyndale the Translator reveals his genius as a translator, but also the help he got from his boyhood reading of Trevisa’s Dialogue between a Knight and a Clerk on the importance of an English Bible, and Trevisa’s teaching about translation, in the introduction to his translation of Higden’s Polychronicon. Tyndale’s Bible translation still has a relevance for translators today. Tyndale the Theologian points to Tyndale’s genius as a theologian. It starts by stressing that he disagreed with Luther, even in his earliest works, which are often said to reveal his Lutheranism. It argues that although there were some important differences between them, Calvin’s theology was closer to Tyndale’s. Tyndale stressed the importance of God the Father and the Christian as a child of God. Tyndale’s theology started with the Fall, and man’s spiritual death; before going on to God’s promises of salvation through the blood of the sacrifices that point to the final sacrifice of Christ on the cross.
Contempt or Respect? Jews and Judaism in Christian Preaching
Authors: Conway-Jones Ann
Published: November 2014

Christian sermons often involve discussion of Jews and Judaism, since they are based on the Bible: the Old Testament, which both is and isn’t the Jewish Tanakh and the New Testament, which reflects the fraught first stages of Christianity’s separation from Judaism. Most Christian preachers are not experts in Second Temple Judaism, the context of Jesus’ ministry, nor do they have much, or indeed any, contact with contemporary Jews. How can they be equipped to talk about Jews and Judaism with respect, rather than perpetuating the traditional ‘teaching of contempt’? This article discusses Christian interpretation of the Old Testament; Jesus the Jew, and his relationship with the Pharisees; and the Christian doctrine of supersessionism.
The challenge of sustaining organizational hybridity: The role of power and agency
Authors: Mangen Claudine , Brivot Marion
Published: November 2014

Hybrid organizations harbor different and often conflicting institutional logics, thus facing the challenge of sustaining their hybridity. Crucial to overcoming this challenge is the identification process of organizational actors. We propose a theorization of how power relations affect this process. More specifically, we argue that an actor’s power influences their own professional identity: an increase [decrease] in their power, via the heightened [diminished] control that this power provides them over organizational discourse, boosts [threatens] their identity. Our theorization has implications for the longevity of a newly adopted logic within an organization. If the new logic modifies incumbent power relations, the identities of (formerly and newly) powerful individuals are influenced, which may lead these individuals to promote or resist the new logic, thereby affecting the odds that the logic will survive within the organization. We illustrate our theorization with a case study in a professional service firm. Our study contributes to nascent research on hybrid organizations by emphasizing the role of power and agency in the longevity of hybridity.
Administrative elites in the Netherlands from 1980 to 2011: making the invisible visible
Authors: Raadschelders Jos , Meer Frits M. Van der
Published: November 2014

The Dutch top civil service level has seldom been described in ‘elitist’ terms; befitting a country with a strong egalitarian social culture. Though formally open to outside recruitment, in practice the (top) civil service in central government is a rather closed system. There is relatively little occupational mobility between these civil servants and political officeholders, and virtually none between the public and the private sectors. However, some initiatives have recently been taken to improve this external mobility. New Public Management has had little impact upon the structure and functioning of the Dutch administrative elites. More important for the positioning and functioning of these civil servants has been the creation of the Senior Executive Service, and, within the SES, the top management group. By creating this career system at the very top of the civil service at the central level, the elite nature of the top civil servants has been reinforced.

Points for practitioners

The structure and functioning of the Dutch civil service has not been influenced by New Public Management (NPM). The rotation of positions at the top, through the Senior Public Service, is mainly inspired by the effort to decrease the compartmentalization of government departments. What has changed is the environment in which higher civil servants work, with Parliament, media and citizens demanding fast and tangible results.
Acrylic cement formulations modified with calcium deficient apatite nanoparticles for orthopaedic applications
Authors: Jayasree R , Sampath Kumar TS
Published: November 2014

Polymethyl methacrylate-based bone cements are used worldwide by the orthopaedic surgeons to secure joint implants with the skeleton. However, the clinical use of this cement is accompanied by complications such as exothermic heat produced during the polymerization reaction, lack of bone bonding ability and shrinkage to name a few. In the present work, the effect of incorporation of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite nanoparticles on the properties of a commercially available orthopaedic bone cement matrix has been investigated. Initial and final setting time of the cement has been found to decrease with calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite nanoparticles addition. The exothermic heat dissipation during the polymerization has been found to significantly decrease with the calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite nanoparticle incorporation in the bone cement. Contact angle study revealed that with the increasing percentage of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite nanoparticle, the composite cement becomes more hydrophilic. In vitro biomineralization study confirmed the bioactivity of the nanocomposite bone cement with the formation of primary and secondary apatite on the cement surface. Present study suggests that the incorporation of calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite nanoparticle into the orthopaedic bone cements could help to overcome some of the shortcomings of the orthopaedic cement.
Comparing Housing Booms and Mortgage Supply in the Major OECD Countries
Authors: Armstrong Angus , Davis E. Philip
Published: November 2014

The house price and lending boom of the 2000s is widely considered to be the main cause of the financial crisis that began in 2007. However, looking to the past, we find a similar boom in the late 1980s which did not lead directly to a global systemic banking crisis – there were widespread banking difficulties in the early 1990s but these were linked mainly to commercial property exposures. This raises the question whether the received wisdom is incorrect, and other factors than the housing boom caused the crisis, while macroprudential policy is overly targeted at the control of house prices and lendingper se.

Accordingly, in this paper we compare and contrast the cycles in house prices over 1985–94 with 2002–11. There are more similarities than contrasts between the booms. Stylised facts include a similar rise in real house prices where booms took place, and a marked rise in the real mortgage stock along with real incomes. The aftermath periods are also comparable in terms of house price changes. Econometrically, determinants of house prices are similar in size and sign from the 1980s to date.

There remain some contrasts. Leverage rose far more in the later episode and did not contract in the aftermath. Mean reversion of house prices is greater in the earlier period. The earlier boom period showed differences with average house price behaviour which was not mirrored in the most recent boom and inflation was higher. Despite the contrasts, on balance we reject the idea that the recent boom was in some way unique and hence the key cause of the crisis. There is a need for further research to capture distinctive structural and conjunctural factors underlying the recent crisis which differ from the earlier boom and some suggestions are made.
The Market Structure of Securitisation and the US Housing Bubble
Authors: Wachter Susan
Published: November 2014

Housing finance and, specifically, the subprime private label securitisation market in the US, was at the epicentre of the global financial crisis. Excessive debt expansion in the run-up to the crisis resulted in credit risk, under-identified and mispriced ex ante, and in systemic risk. This paper considers the role of financial innovation in debt markets and the changing market structure of securitisation in the evolution of the US housing price bubble. New financing vehicles contributed to growing risk, but the more salient factor was the change in the structure of securitisation, which led to unsustainable levels of debt.
She Has a Pain Problem, Not a Pill Problem
Authors: Wilbers Loren E.
Published: November 2014

People with chronic noncancer pain who rely on prescription opioid painkillers for treatment experience stigmatization, both within and outside of the health care system, which hinders their ability to achieve adequate pain relief. This barrier to appropriate treatment affects not only individual patients but their families as well. In this article, I provide an autoethnographic account of my experience as the daughter of a mother with severe chronic pain who manages her condition with prescription opioid painkillers. Through personal narrative, I explore how I, and members of my family, experience and interpret barriers my mom faces in accessing effective treatment, and how even now, over a decade after my mom’s pain started, the stigma surrounding prescription opioids continues to permeate every facet of our lives.
Endovascular intervention in thoracic surgery
Authors: Barua Anupama , McPherson Simon , Chaudhuri Nilanjan
Published: November 2014

There are few reports regarding endovascular treatment in thoracic surgical patients. Here, we describe the cases of 2 patients who received adjuvant endovascular therapy prior to surgery. One presented with recurrent chest infection. Computed tomography revealed systemic blood supply to an intralobar sequestration. The other presented with an avulsion injury to the internal mammary vein. Coil embolization was employed in both patients with subsequent uncomplicated surgery. Endovascular intervention may stop active bleeding in the chest and reduce the risk of operative hemorrhage in selected thoracic surgical patients.
A preposition is something you can end a sentence with: Learning English stranded prepositions through structural priming
Authors: Conroy Mark A , Antón-Méndez Inés
Published: November 2014

This study investigated whether second language (L2) learners of English could learn to produce stranded prepositions through structural priming. Structural priming is the tendency for speakers to repeat the structure of previously experienced sentences, without intention or conscious awareness of such behaviour, and is thought to be associated with implicit learning of syntactic structure. The syntactic structure chosen for this study was the stranded preposition in English relative clauses, a structure which is known to be difficult for L2 learners to acquire, and which is often replaced by a related ungrammatical interlanguage variant: null preposition (null prep). It was hypothesized that, during and just after a structural priming treatment, learners would produce more sentences containing stranded prepositions and fewer null prep sentences than before the treatment. The results revealed that learners indeed produced more stranded prepositions during and after priming than before and we interpret this behaviour as a possible indication of implicit learning of an L2 structure. However, learners did not produce significantly fewer null preps during and after priming than before. We discuss the findings in terms of second language acquisition theory, interlanguage processes, and possible pedagogical implications.
LOCFAS–Assessed Evolution of Cognitive and Behavioral Functioning in a Sample of Pediatric Patients With Severe Acquired Brain Injury in the Postacute Phase
Authors: Villa Federica , Colombo Katia , Pastore Valentina , Locatelli Federica , Molteni Erika , Galbiati Sara , Galbiati Susanna , Strazzer Sandra
Published: November 2014

We studied 86 patients with severe acquired brain injuries of different etiology, aged 0 to 18 years, in a condition of vegetative state or minimally conscious state. During neurorehabilitation, we administered the Level of Cognitive Functioning Assessment Scale every 2 weeks in order to describe and compare the progressive improvement in their cognitive-behavioral functioning and responsiveness in different etiologies. Patients with traumatic brain injury showed more favorable clinical outcomes. The higher the level of functioning at the first evaluation, the better the outcome, and the higher the Glasgow Coma Scale score, the higher the Level of Cognitive Functioning Assessment Scale level reached at the end of hospitalization. Patients with an apparently stable clinical picture, too, showed a change in their ability to interact with the environment. This study underlines the importance of an individualized and early cognitive-behavioral intervention protocol that can reveal minimal and fluctuating responses.
Validity and Reliability of a Turkish Version of the Career Locus of Control Scale
Authors: Siyez Diğdem Müge
Published: November 2014

The aim of this study was to examine the validity and reliability of a Turkish version of the Career Locus of Control Scale (CLCS) among high school students in Izmir, Turkey ( N = 490). Participants completed the Turkish version of the CLCS and Nowicki–Strickland Locus of Control Scale (NSLCS). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) supported a four-dimensional structure (internality, luck, helplessness, and powerful others). This result offered strong support for the original factor structure of the CLCS. Multigroup CFA supported measurement invariance for gender groups. Concurrent validity results demonstrated significant associations between CLCS dimensions and NSLCS. The Turkish version of the CLCS yielded excellent reliability values from .80 to .86. Findings suggested that the Turkish CLCS was a valid and reliable measure of career locus of control (LOC) suitable for 11th and 12th graders. This multidimensional framework adds to the understanding of career LOC in career paths.
Class Sub-Conscious: Hegemony, False Consciousness, and the Development of Political and Economic Policy Attitudes
Authors: DiMaggio Anthony Ross
Published: November 2014

Americans dislike economic inequality and prefer to see it reduced. However, Americans also fail to understand the severity of the economic divide in US society between those with and without financial wealth. The refusal to recognize this economic divide between ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ carries profound implications for American public policy. Those who fail to recognize the economic divide are less likely to support redistributive efforts to reduce the divide in an era of record inequality. In this study, I document the effects of class consciousness on opinions of progressive and conservative political-economic policy-related issues. I identify the ways in which Americans subconsciously allow their personal backgrounds and their opinions about the economic divide to color their opinions of political-economic policy issues.
Miku’s mask: Fictional encounters in children’s costume play
Authors: Helgesen Espen
Published: November 2014

Children’s engagement with Japanese toys and fictional characters has taken on new significance in the age of YouTube. Drawing on ethnographic research on technology-mediated play among 8- and 9-year-olds in Norway, this article shows how boundaries between “real” humans and “fake” non-humans are blurred and undermined when children take on the perspective of a fictional pop star known as Miku. I argue that YouTube provides a platform for children’s playful experimentation with posthuman subjectivities, where they orient themselves toward the future not in terms of becoming adult but in terms of multiple becomings.
Functionalization of TiO2 nanoparticles with bio-safe poly(vinyl alcohol) to obtain new poly(amide-imide) nanocomposites containing N,N′-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-L-leucine linkages
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Derakhshan Fariba
Published: November 2014

Nanocomposites (NCs) based on the reinforcement of polymers with nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increasing attention for researchers. The goal of this study was production of new NCs based on poly(amide-imide) (PAI) and modified titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs. Due to the tendency of the NPs for agglomeration, the surface of the TiO2 NPs was modified with poly(vinyl alcohol). Then the PAI was prepared from the polymerization reaction of N, N′-(pyromellitoyl)-bis-L-leucine diacid with 4,4 ′-diaminodiphenylmethane under green conditions. Finally, NCs were synthesized by incorporating modified TiO2 NPs into the PAI matrix by ultrasonic irradiation. The resulting NCs were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TGA results showed good thermal stability for the prepared NCs by addition of the modified TiO2 NPs into the PAI matrix. Results of TEM and FE-SEM showed that the modified TiO2 NPs homogenously dispersed in the PAI matrix.
Spectroelectrochemical characterization of isomeric conjugated polymers containing 2,7- and 3,6-carbazole linked by vinylene and ethynylene segments
Authors: Vacareanu Loredana , Catargiu Ana-Maria , Grigoras Mircea
Published: November 2014

The ability to form multi-colored oxidation states upon applied positive potentials, and the narrow band gap of 2,7-substituted carbazole derivatives, had encouraged the development of new carbazole containing polymers with interesting optoelectronic properties. Four conjugated polymers containing substituted carbazole units spaced in the main chain by vinylene and 1,4-phenyleneethynylene segments were synthesized via Stille and Sonogashira coupling reactions. Two different substitution positions of carbazole, such as 2,7- and 3,6-carbazole were used to tune the conjugation length and the charge transfer properties of the resulting polymers. The structures of the obtained polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy while the electronic and optical properties were investigated as function of carbazole substitution positions or spacer nature by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The redox behaviour of polymers as films deposited on working electrode was investigated using cyclic voltammetry technique, and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital and highest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels values were also determined. Spectroelectrochemical measurements suggested the existence of polaronic and bipolaronic structures of polymers backbones accompanied by multi-electrochromic behavior.
Researches on inverse simulation’s applications in teleoperation rendezvous and docking based on hyper-ellipsoidal restricted model predictive control for inverse simulation structure
Authors: Zhou Wanmeng , Wang Hua
Published: November 2014

The inverse simulation is a technique used to calculate the control action based on the expected trajectory or experimental data and has been applied successfully in the aviation field. A novel inverse simulation technique is first introduced in the fields of rendezvous and docking. The least square estimation under the hyper-ellipsoidal restriction is presented to solve inverse simulation problems. The inverse simulation structure used in this paper is based on the model predictive control scheme. The predictive model is derived by Clohessy–Wiltshire dynamics equations, and the accurate one is obtained by two-body dynamics equations. When the designed trajectories or the data obtained by teleoperation console experiments are given to the predictive model, the inverse strategy is transformed into a generalized shrunken estimation problem. Then, the continuous control signals produced by the least square theory are dispersed by the pulse width modulation method and propagated into the high-order model. The inverse simulation results of the traditional control method and the inverse strategy mentioned in this paper show that the maneuvers can be better reproduced by inverse strategy, and the proper choices of sensitive factors and the receding horizon lead to better results.
Connectives ‘but’ and ‘for’ in viewpoint shifting in Woolf’s To the Lighthouse
Authors: Ikeo Reiko
Published: November 2014

The narrative world of Woolf’s To the Lighthouse (1992 [1927]) is primarily composed of its characters’ thought and speech presentation. One character’s flow of thoughts is connected with another character’s thoughts, and viewpoint shifts occur very quickly and frequently. This article analyses how the two connectives ‘but’ and ‘for’ contribute to viewpoint shifting by comparing their stylistic, pragmatic functions in contexts where similar types of viewpoint shifting occur. Adopting a corpus-assisted approach, sentences and clauses before and after ‘but’ and ‘for’ are compared when these sentences and clauses are identified as being in similar discourse presentation categories such as free direct thought and direct speech. ‘But’ emphasizes the distinction between the narration and a character’s discourse or between two characters’ discourse, whereas ‘for’ helps viewpoint shifting to take place more implicitly, as a result of which the boundary between the different voices tends to be blurred.
Visibility and economy as dimensions of metaphoric language
Authors: Sullivan Karen
Published: November 2014

Metaphoric language can be examined either from the standpoint of conceptual structure or from the perspective of linguistic form. The role of conceptual metaphor in metaphoric language has received considerable attention, notably in Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Blending Theory, but the impact of linguistic form remains less well understood. Brooke-Rose’s A Grammar of Metaphor (1958) presents subjective impressions of various forms, and more recently, cognitive linguists have examined the metaphoric uses of individual grammatical constructions. However, Stockwell offers the most methodical and comprehensive comparison of metaphorically used constructions along a specified parameter, that of ‘visibility’ (1992, 2000, 2002). On the cline of visibility, constructions range from the most visible constructions, such as simile, to the least visible, such as allegory.

The current article draws on Sullivan’s (2013) study of the role of grammatical constructions in metaphoric language to examine and refine Stockwell’s cline of visibility, inputting the syntactic characteristics of Stockwell’s metaphoric constructions into a multidimensional scaling analysis. The results support Stockwell’s dimension of ‘visibility’, but suggest that the distinctions between metaphorically used constructions are better accounted for in a two-dimensional analysis that considers the dimension of ‘economy’ – the linguistic complexity required to express a conceptual metaphor – alongside ‘visibility’.
Reading Dickens’s characters: Employing psycholinguistic methods to investigate the cognitive reality of patterns in texts
Authors: Mahlberg Michaela , Conklin Kathy , Bisson Marie-Josée
Published: November 2014

This article reports the findings of an empirical study that uses eye-tracking and follow-up interviews as methods to investigate how participants read body language clusters in novels by Charles Dickens. The study builds on previous corpus stylistic work that has identified patterns of body language presentation as techniques of characterisation in Dickens (Mahlberg, 2013). The article focuses on the reading of ‘clusters’, that is, repeated sequences of words. It is set in a research context that brings together observations from both corpus linguistics and psycholinguistics on the processing of repeated patterns. The results show that the body language clusters are read significantly faster than the overall sample extracts which suggests that the clusters are stored as units in the brain. This finding is complemented by the results of the follow-up questions which indicate that readers do not seem to refer to the clusters when talking about character information, although they are able to refer to clusters when biased prompts are used to elicit information. Beyond the specific results of the study, this article makes a contribution to the development of complementary methods in literary stylistics and it points to directions for further subclassifications of clusters that could not be achieved on the basis of corpus data alone.