bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric new particle formation as source of CCN in the Eastern Mediterranean marine boundary layer
Authors: Kalivitis N. , Kerminen V.-M. , Kouvarakis G. , Stavroulas I. , Bougiatioti A. , Nenes A. , Manninen H. E. , Petäjä T. , Kulmala M. , Mihalopoulos N.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. While Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN) production associated with atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) is thought to be frequent throughout the continental boundary layers, few studies on this phenomenon in marine air exist. Here, based on simultaneous measurement of particle number size distributions, CCN properties and aerosol chemical composition, we present the first direct evidence on CCN production resulting from NPF in the Eastern Mediterranean atmosphere. We show that condensation of both gaseous sulfuric acid and organic compounds from multiple sources leads to the rapid growth of nucleated particles to CCN sizes in this environment during the summertime. Sub-100 nm particles were found to be substantially less hygroscopic than larger particles during the period with active NPF and growth (0.2–0.4 lower κ between the 60 and 120 nm particles), probably due to enrichment of organic material in the sub-100 nm size range. The aerosol hygroscopicity tended to be at minimum just before the noon and at maximum in afternoon, which was very likely due to the higher sulfate to organic ratios and higher degree of oxidation of the organic material during the afternoon. Simultaneously to the formation of new particles during daytime, particles formed in the previous day or even earlier were growing into the size range relevant to cloud droplet activation, and the particles formed in the atmosphere were possibly mixed with long-range transported particles.
Framing hydropower as green energy: assessing drivers, risks and tensions in the Eastern Himalayas
Authors: Ahlers R. , Budds J. , Joshi D. , Merme V. , Zwarteveen M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. The culturally and ecologically diverse region of the Eastern Himalayas is the target of ambitious hydropower development plans. Policy discourses at national and international levels position this development as synergistically positive: it combines the production of clean energy to fuel economic growth at regional and national levels with initiatives to lift poor mountain communities out of poverty. Different from hydropower development in the 20th century in which development agencies and banks were important players, contemporary initiatives importantly rely on the involvement of private actors, with a prominent role of the private finance sector. This implies that hydropower development is not only financially viable but also understood as highly profitable. This paper examines the new development of hydropower in the Eastern Himalayas of Nepal and India. It questions its framing as green energy, interrogates its links with climate change, and examines its potential for investment and capital accumulation. To do this, we also review the evidence on the extent to which its construction and operation may modify existing hydrogeological processes and ecosystems, as well as its impacts on the livelihoods of diverse groups of people that depend on these. The paper concludes that hydropower development in the region is characterized by inherent contentions and uncertainties, refuting the idea that dams constitute development projects whose impacts can be simply predicted, controlled and mitigated. Indeed, in a highly complex geological, ecological, cultural and political context that is widely regarded to be especially vulnerable to the effects of climate change, hydropower as a development strategy makes for a toxic cocktail.
Can you feel the difference? Emotions as an analytical lens
Authors: Richter M.
Published: April 2015

Abstract. Against the background of emotional geographies, I analyse negotiations of belonging and experiences of difference. Emotions serve as the analytical lens through which these negotiations and experiences are analysed. Based on this notion, I will analyse migrants' accounts with respect to their emotional qualities and spatial articulations. In particular, I will focus on emotional accounts, such as childhood stories and other biographical stories, which are spatially situated. The emotional focus serves thereby as a lens to capture migrants' identification with the social norms and values inscribed and mediated through these spaces. These emotional accounts help us to understand complex stories about social positioning along different axes of difference, complex ways of identification, and resistance to social role models.
Civic Engagement, Religion, and Health: Older Black Lesbians in the Social Justice Sexuality (SJS) Survey
Authors: Battle Juan , Daniels Jessie , Pastrana Antonio (Jay)
Published: April 2015

Intersections of age, race, gender, sexuality, and aging keep older, black lesbians hidden from public consciousness and from researchers. While previous research has documented a relationship between religion, civic engagement, and health for black women, there is little known about these for older black lesbians. This paper offers a quantitative analysis of the relationship between religion, health, and civic engagement for a sample (N=149) of older (fifty years and above) black lesbians. The sample is drawn from the Social Justice Sexuality (SJS) data set. Findings indicate that the variables measuring religious and/or spirituality expression had no impact on perceived overall health, nor did the overall measure of civic engagement; yet a specific portion--participating in civic activities--did have a significant, positive effect on overall self-reported health.
Gender Differences in the Experiences of African American College Students: The Effects of Co-ethnic Support and Campus Diversity
Authors: Baker Christina N.
Published: April 2015

This study applies an intersectional framework to provide information about the ways in which race, gender, and on-campus social support influence the experiences of African American college students. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Freshmen, I examine how co-ethnic social support from the college community and the college racial composition influence the experiences of African American students attending selective colleges. The results suggest that African American women and men are differentially influenced by co-ethnic support and college racial composition. African American women are more likely than are African American men to receive personal support from African American members of the campus community, take classes with African American professors, and participate in an African American student group. I also find that co-ethnic support is positively related to the academic and social experiences of African American women during college, and I find that the college satisfaction of African American women is positively related to campus diversity.
Child Welfare Practice in Domestic Violence Cases in New York City: Problems for Poor Women of Color
Authors: Lee Tina
Published: April 2015

Domestic violence is a regularly occurring problem in child welfare cases, and, as a result of feminist research and activism, it is arguably taken more seriously now than at any time in the past. This paper will argue that, despite the influence of feminist understandings of and solutions to domestic violence in child welfare policy and practice, the most common way of dealing with cases remains problematic for the poor women of color who are the main "clients" of the child welfare system. These women are likely to be blamed for violence and are vulnerable to a loss of child custody, while their autonomy is limited by a narrow "one-size-fits-all" approach to their cases. This situation is partly due to attitudes about domestic violence and stereotypes of poor women of color that blame women and hold them almost solely accountable for the risks and/or harm their children face as a result of violence. However, it is also attributable to the structure of the child welfare system with its narrowly defined mandate and prevailing assumptions about the primacy of mothers in the care and well-being of children and the commonly used "parent-as-problem" approach to understanding harm and risk to children. That this situation continues raises further doubts about the wisdom of relying solely on state interventions to deal with domestic violence in the lives of poor women of color.
Price Coordination in Vertically Integrated Electricity Markets: Theory and Empirical Evidence
Authors: Bosco Bruno , Lucia Parisio , Pelagatti Matteo
Published: April 2015

We analyse vertical integration between generators and retailers in electricity markets and we discuss the implications for price decisions of the presence of asymmetric (cost) information in a simple P-A framework. We analyze a situation in which generators post supply bids taking into account the profit of the entire vertically integrated group they belong to. We then discuss the way in which the degree of vertical integration affects this bidding strategy. Using Italian electricity auction data we show how bid prices posted by a pivotal producer are significantly influenced by variables incorporating vertical integration into the econometric model.
Understanding First Nations rights and perspectives on the use of herbicides in forestry: A case study from northeastern Ontario
Authors: Kayahara Gordon J. , Armstrong Carly L.
Published: April 2015

This article provides forestry professionals with an improved understanding of why First Nations are opposed to the use of chemical herbicides for silvicultural purposes on their traditional lands, based on a case study in northeastern Ontario. Results were generated using a modified form of a focus group approach. First Nations opposition to herbicide use involved not only concerns over human and environmental health (concerns common among the general public) but also spanned from treaty rights, mistrust, and respect issues to herbicide use being incongruent with traditional First Nations worldviews. The results illustrate that the science-education approach typically used to address public opposition to herbicides is neither adequate nor appropriate for addressing First Nations concerns. Instead, a more in-depth engagement and approach, centred on genuine respect for First Nations rights, culture and history, is needed to arrive at solutions that are consistent with each First Nation community's values and terms.
Evaluation of Canadian Prairie-Grown Hybrid Poplar for High Value Solid Wood Products
Authors: Knudson Robert , Brunette Gilles
Published: April 2015

Studies were carried out to evaluate the suitability of Canadian prairie-grown, short-rotation hybrid poplar for the manufacture of high value solid wood products, including appearance grade lumber, plywood, laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and oriented strandboard (OSB). For appearance grade lumber applications, hybrid poplar was found to be an attractive wood as it machined and finished well. This wood can be finished to take on a number of different looks or to resemble other species. Hybrid poplar would appear suitable in applications such as millwork, mouldings, turnings and bedroom furniture where other softer hardwood species such as red alder (Alnus rubra Bong.) and yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) are currently being used. Hybrid poplar veneer was suitable for manufacturing high quality plywood, either used by itself, or mixed with other species such as aspen (Populus tremuloides Mich.) or spruce (Picea spp.). If the hybrid poplar veneer is stress graded, a portion of the veneer would be suitable for manufacturing structural grade LVL. Hybrid poplar can be processed commercially using procedures similar to those used for manufacturing aspen plywood and LVL. Properties of OSB manufactured from hybrid poplar were fully equivalent to those of OSB manufactured from aspen. Hybrid poplar can be substituted for aspen in OSB at any level with no apparent effect on panel properties.
Evaluating harvest costs and profit of commercial thinnings in softwood stands in west-central Maine: A case study
Authors: Hiesl Patrick , Benjamin Jeffrey G. , Roth Brian E.
Published: April 2015

Precommercial thinning (PCT) is a common silvicultural treatment in the management of young conifer forests. The positive effects of PCT on tree growth are well documented, however, there have been few operational studies of thinning productivity associated with later harvests in such stands and associated cost comparison with high-density, small-diameter stands. In the winters of 2012/2013 and 2013/2014 a long-term herbicide and PCT study in west-central Maine was commercially thinned using cut-to-length (CTL) and whole-tree (WT) harvesting systems in PCT and non-PCT stands, respectively. Thinning prescriptions consisted of three nominal removal intensities (33%, 50%, and 66% of the standing softwood volume) in a randomized block design with three to four replications. Stand density, basal area, hardwood content, and removal intensity were not significant in explaining variation in harvester and feller-buncher productivity. An analysis of unit cost of production indicated that wood chip production using a WT system in non-PCT stands is less costly than the production of roundwood using a CTL system in PCT stands. Profit, however, is similar for products harvested by either system. Our conclusion is that the WT system used in the study is economically feasible to treat highdensity, small-diameter stands in a commercial thinning.
Mechanical site preparation: Key to microsite creation success on Clay Belt paludified sites
Authors: Henneb Mohammed , Valeria Osvaldo , Fenton Nicole J. , Thiffault Nelson , Bergeron Yves
Published: April 2015

Paludification is the accumulation of partially decomposed organic matter over saturated mineral soils. It reduces tree regeneration and growth, mainly because of low temperatures and high water content in the rooting zone, reduced organic matter decomposition, and hence, low nutrient availability. On the Clay Belt of western Québec and eastern Ontario, forests tend to paludify naturally but this process might be promoted by logging methods. Our objective was to identify which of two commonly used mechanical site preparation (MSP) techniques is best adapted to reduce organic layer thickness (OLT) and generate favourable planting microsites post-harvest in paludified sites. Nine experimental blocks (between 20 ha–61 ha each) were delimited within a 35 km2 forest sector with variable levels of paludification. The forest sector was harvested by careful logging to protect advance growth and soils and subsequently the nine experimental blocks were treated with either forest harrowing, disc trenching (T26) or left as untreated controls (harvesting only) with three replicate blocks per treatment. We measured OLT before and after MSP and determined planting microsite quality within each block. Results revealed significant differences in OLT between MSP treatments and harvesting only. Overall, harrowing was the best technique, as it reduced OLT more than T26 scarification and generated the highest percent of good microsites, except where initial OLT was 44 cm–56 cm. Our results contribute to the successful use of MSP in paludified forests.
Ferramenta de visualização de dados e processamento de texto: análise de reviews de viajantes no TripAdvisor
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Barcelos Yussif Tadeu de , Gosling Marlusa , Coelho Mariana de Freitas , Resende Marcos Paulo
Published: April 2015

A proposta deste estudo é demonstrar o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de softwares para a análise de dados, de modo a proporcionar novas diretrizes para o uso de grandes quantidades de texto não estruturado no contexto da gestão. Esse projeto teve como base um estudo sobre o engajamento de viajantes com hotéis de um destino turístico através de reviews online em websites de planejamento de viagens. Os dados foram coletados automaticamente, pré-processados, categorizados e disponibilizados em visualizações interativas e dinâmicas para análises qualitativas e quantitativas dos comentários. Os resultados demonstram como a categorização por temas e a visualização de dados em gráficos podem condensar as informações disponíveis em uma rede social especializada de turismo (TripAdvisor).
Reuso da água na irrigação no setor agrícola do município de Aurora – SC
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Souza Lucas de
Published: April 2015

O setor agrícola é um dos maiores consumidores de água, sendo a irrigação a atividade com maior demanda. Em razão da água ser um insumo de extrema importância e muito utilizado na agricultura, o reúso da água passou a ser uma prática bastante estudada nos últimos anos. Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo, identificar práticas de reúso da água empregadas na irrigação no setor agrícola do município de Aurora – SC. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um formulário com dezessete perguntas, apresentado aos agricultores na segunda quinzena do mês de outubro do ano de 2014. Como resultado, obteve-se que o reúso da água na irrigação é utilizado pelos agricultores de Aurora, de modo indireto.
The Appendix as a Viable Source of Neural Progenitor Cells to Functionally Innervate Bioengineered Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle Tissues
Authors: Zakhem Elie , Rego Stephen L. , Raghavan Shreya , Bitar Khalil N.
Published: April 2015

Appendix-derived neural progenitor cells (NPCs) have both neurogenic and gliogenic potential, but use of these cells for enteric neural cell therapy has not been addressed. The objective of this study was to determine whether NPCs obtained from the appendix would differentiate into enteric neural subsets capable of inducing neurotransmitter-mediated smooth muscle cell (SMC) contraction and relaxation. NPCs were isolated from the appendix and small intestine (SI) of rabbits. Bioengineered internal anal sphincter constructs were developed using the same source of smooth muscle and innervated with NPCs derived from either the appendix or SI. Innervated constructs were assessed for neuronal differentiation markers through Western blots and immunohistochemistry, and functionality was assessed through force-generation studies. Expression of neural and glial differentiation markers was observed in constructs containing appendix- and SI-derived NPCs. The addition of acetylcholine to both appendix and SI constructs caused a robust contraction that was decreased by pretreatment with the neural inhibitor tetrodotoxin (TTX). Electrical field stimulation caused relaxation of constructs that was completely abolished in the presence of TTX and significantly reduced on pretreatment with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride [l-NAME]). These data indicate that in the presence of identical soluble factors arising from intestinal SMCs, enteric NPCs derived from the appendix and SI differentiate in a similar manner and are capable of responding to physiological stimuli. This coculture paradigm could be used to explore the nature of the soluble factors derived from SMCs and NPCs in generating specific functional innervations.

Significance

This study demonstrates the ability of neural stem cells isolated from the appendix to differentiate into mature functional enteric neurons. The differentiation of neural stem cells from the appendix is similar to differentiation of neural stem cells derived from the gastrointestinal tract. The appendix is a vestigial organ that can be removed with minimal clinical consequence through laparoscopy. Results presented in this paper indicate that the appendix is a potential source of autologous neural stem cells required for cell therapy for the gastrointestinal tract.
Multiple Muscle Metastases of the Renal Cell Carcinoma After Radical Nephrectomy
Authors: Pirimoglu Berhan , Ogul Hayri , Kisaoglu Abdullah , Karaca Leyla , Okur Aylin , Kantarci Mecit
Published: April 2015

Skeletal muscle is a very rare location for the metastasis of renal cell carcinoma. We report a 48-year-old man with multiple metastases in skeletal muscles 4 years after right radical nephrectomy was carried out for grade III renal cell carcinoma. The tumors located in the right psoas, paravertebral, and gluteus medius muscles. We performed magnetic resonance imaging for detection metastatic lesions in our patient. In this case report, we discuss the characteristics of these metastatic lesions on magnetic resonance imaging.
Usefulness of Intraoperative Observation Using a Fluorescence Imaging Instrument for Patients With Nonocclusive Mesenteric Ischemia
Authors: Ishizuka Mitsuru , Nagata Hitoshi , Takagi Kazutoshi , Iwasaki Yoshimi , Yamagishi Hidetsugu , Tanaka Genki , Kubota Keiichi
Published: April 2015

The authors evaluated the usefulness of intraoperative photodynamic eye (PDE) observation in patients with nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI). Between February 2012 and July 2013, 6 patients who had undergone emergency surgery for NOMI were enrolled. Intraoperative PDE observation was performed to decide the adequate length of bowel resection including all skipped dark spots, which could not be detected as ongoing mucosal ischemic changes under visible light observation. All ongoing mucosal ischemic changes were easily detected as dark spots using PDE observation in all 6 patients. The mean length of adequate ileal resection (92 ± 48 cm) was significantly longer than that of ischemic ileum (85 ± 50 cm) (mean ± SD) (P = 0.043). After resection of an adequate length of bowel, all the patients had a good course until discharge without incidents due to residual bowel ischemia, except for 1patient who died. PDE observation is useful for deciding the adequate length of bowel to resect, including ongoing mucosal ischemic changes that cannot be detected under visible light observation. In patients with NOMI, resection of an adequate length of bowel is necessary to prevent postoperative incidents due to residual bowel ischemia.
A 20-Year Study on 190 Patients With Primary Hyperparathyroidism in a Developing Country: Turkey Experience
Authors: Usta Arif , Alhan Etem , Cinel Akif , Türkyılmaz Serdar , Erem Cihangir
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to present our 20-year experience regarding primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). PHPT patients who underwent parathyroidectomy in our clinic were reviewed retrospectively. There were 190 PHPT patients, of whom 137 were asymptomatic (72%). The mean serum calcium at the time of diagnosis was 11.9 ± 2.2 mg/dL. The mean parathyroid hormone (PTH) level was 467 ± 78 pg/mL. Ultrasonography (USG) identified all abnormal glands accurately (82.6%) and Technetium-99m sestamibi scintigraphy (MIBI) was used in 89.4% of the patients and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 61%. The common use of USG and MIBI detected 92% of the lesions. Bilateral neck exploration (BNE) was performed in 12.2% of the patients and focused unilateral neck exploration (FUNE) in the remaining 87.8%. Surgical intervention was unsuccessful in 1 patient (0.5%). The conversion ratio from FUNE to BNE was 5.2%. The mean operation time and mean hospital stay decreased significantly in patients with FUNE. Pathologic examination revealed single adenoma in 93% of the patients. New imaging techniques result in the conversion of surgical treatments of PHPT. FUNE in parathyroidectomy performed by an experienced surgeon may provide successful treatment rates.
Mini-Laparotomy for Superior Mesenteric Artery Aneurysm Due to Takayasu's Arteritis
Authors: Matsumoto Takatsugu , Ishizuka Mitsuru , Iso Yukihiro , Kita Junji , Kubota Keiichi
Published: April 2015

Superior mesenteric artery aneurysm (SMAA) is reported to be the third-most common type of visceral aneurysm (VA), accounting for 5% of all VAs. The etiology of SMAA is commonly thought to be infection, and it usually exists in the proximal part of the superior mesenteric artery, which is suitable for endovascular treatment. We herein report an extremely rare case of the distal part of SMAA caused by Takayasu's arteritis (TA), which was successfully resected using a mini-laparotomy method without impairing the intestinal blood supply. A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our hospital with sustained fever and lower back pain. Physical examination showed that she had a discrepancies in blood pressure between both arms. Contrast-enhanced whole-body computed tomography showed stenosis of the thoracic aorta and an aneurysm located in the distal part of the superior mesenteric artery. The diameter of the aneurysm was 4.5 cm. The aneurysm was resected via 4-cm mini-laparotomy, and the vascularity of the intestine was successfully preserved. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was diagnosed as having TA based on both clinical and pathologic findings. Additional corticosteroid therapy was started to treat the arteritis, and at 3-month follow-up she was without critical incidents. Mini-laparotomy is a safe and less-invasive approach to treat SMAA, especially when the lesion is located in the distal part of the artery.
Duplicate Appendix With Acute Ruptured Appendicitis: A Case Report
Authors: Nazir Sharique , Bulanov Alex , Ilyas Mohammed Iyoob Mohammed , Jabbour Ibrahim I. , Griffith Larry
Published: April 2015

Duplication of the appendix is a rare congenital anomaly that, in adults, is most often found incidentally during surgery for other reasons. Appendicitis in the duplicated appendix is very rare and has been reported less than 10 times in the medical literature. We describe a 33-year-old woman with worsening periumbilical pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Physical examination showed localized peritonitis in the right lower quadrant. She had an elevated white blood cell count with neutrophilia. Computed tomography showed acute ruptured appendicitis. Diagnostic laparoscopy showed 2 appendices attached via separate bases to a single cecum with no other concurrent anomalies. Both appendices were removed laparoscopically. Histopathology confirmed normal appendiceal tissue in one and severe acute transmural appendicitis in the other. Awareness of appendiceal duplication and a thorough intraoperative inspection are critical to assess the presence of significant associated anomalies and avoid life-threatening complications.
Achieving Good Perioperative Outcomes After Pancreaticoduodenectomy in a Low-Volume Setting: A 25-Year Experience
Authors: Chedid Aljamir D. , Chedid Marcio F. , Winkelmann Leonardo V. , Filho Tomaz J. M. Grezzana , Kruel Cleber D. P.
Published: April 2015

Perioperative mortality following pancreaticoduodenectomy has improved over time and is lower than 5% in selected high-volume centers. Based on several large literature series on pancreaticoduodenectomy from high-volume centers, some defend that high annual volumes are necessary for good outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy. We report here the outcomes of a low annual volume pancreaticoduodenectomy series after incorporating technical expertise from a high-volume center. We included all patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy performed by a single surgeon (ADC.) as treatment for periampullary malignancies from 1981 to 2005. Outcomes of this series were compared to those of 3 high-volume literature series. Additionally, outcomes for first 10 cases in the present series were compared to those of all 37 remaining cases in this series. A total of 47 pancreaticoduodenectomies were performed over a 25-year period. Overall in-hospital mortality was 2 cases (4.3%), and morbidity occurred in 23 patients (48.9%). Both mortality and morbidity were similar to those of each of the three high-volume center comparison series. Comparison of the outcomes for the first 10 to the remaining 37 cases in this series revealed that the latter 37 cases had inferior mortality (20% versus 0%; P = 0.042), less tumor-positive margins (50 versus 13.5%; P = 0.024), less use of intraoperative blood transfusions (90% versus 32.4%; P = 0.003), and tendency to a shorter length of in-hospital stay (20 versus 15.8 days; P = 0.053). Accumulation of surgical experience and incorporation of expertise from high-volume centers may enable achieving satisfactory outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy in low-volume settings whenever referral to a high-volume center is limited.
A Case of Gastric Heterotopic Pancreatitis Resected by Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Matsumoto Takatsugu , Tanaka Nobutaka , Nagai Motoki , Koike Daisuke , Sakuraoka Yuki , Kubota Keiichi
Published: April 2015

Heterotopic pancreas (HP) is a rare entity which is defined as the presence of pancreatic tissue lacking anatomical and vascular continuity with the pancreas. It is most commonly found along foregut derivatives, such as the stomach, duodenum, and jejunum. It is frequently encountered incidentally in asymptomatic patients, and symptomatic patients are rare and do not exhibit any specific symptoms. Accordingly, HP is difficult to diagnose before surgery. Here we report an unusual case of gastric heterotopic pancreatitis causing gastric outlet obstruction diagnosed preoperatively using endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine needle aspiration cytology. A 21-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Gastroduodenal endoscopic examination revealed an oval-shaped submucosal tumor in the gastric body. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) revealed that the tumor had a cystic component and marked perigastric inflammation. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) demonstrated a hypoechoic mass arising from the third to fourth layer of the gastric wall. Pancreatic exocrine glands were detected by EUS-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy. The lesion was diagnosed as gastric heterotopic pancreas with inflammation of the pancreatic tissue. Laparoscopic partial gastrectomy was performed, and the diagnosis was also histologically confirmed. The patient was discharged 5 days after the operation. She has remained healthy and symptom-free during 10 months of follow-up. We experienced a first case of gastric heterotopic pancreatitis which was correctly diagnosed preoperatively and resected by laparoscopic surgery. Partial resection of the heterotopic pancreatic tissue could lead to a good outcome.
Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic (HAL) Multiple Segmental Colorectal Resections: Are They Feasible and Safe?
Authors: Taggarshe Deepa , Attuwaybi Bashir O. , Matier Brian , Visco Jeffrey J. , Butler Bryan N.
Published: April 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the short-term outcomes of synchronous hand-assisted laparoscopic (HAL) segmental colorectal resections. The surgical options for synchronous colonic pathology include extensive colonic resection with single anastomosis, multiple synchronous segmental resections with multiple anastomoses, or staged resections. Traditionally, multiple open, synchronous, segmental resections have been performed. There is a lack of data on HAL multiple segmental colorectal resections. A retrospective chart review was compiled on all patients who underwent HAL synchronous segmental colorectal resections by all the colorectal surgeons from our Group during the period of 1999 to 2014. Demographics, operative details, and short-term outcomes are reported. During the period, 9 patients underwent HAL synchronous multiple segmental colorectal resections. There were 5 women and 4 men, with median age of 54 (24–83) years and median BMI of 24 (19.8–38.7) kg/m2. Two patients were on long-term corticosteroid therapy. The median operative time was 210 (120–330) minutes and median operative blood loss was 200 (75–300) mLs. The median duration for return of bowel function was 2 days and the median length of stay was 3.5 days. We had 2 minor wound infections. There were no deaths. Synchronous segmental colorectal resections with anastomoses using the hand-assisted laparoscopic technique are safe. Early conversion to open and use of stomas are advisable in challenging cases.
Laparoscopic Sigmoidectomy for a Patient With Situs Inversus Totalis: Effect of Changing Operator Position
Authors: Yaegashi Mizunori , Kimura Toshimoto , Sakamoto Takashi , Sato Tadao , Kawasaki Yuichiro , Otsuka Koki , Wakabayashi Go
Published: April 2015

Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital condition in which the abdominal and thoracic organs are on the opposite sides to their normal anatomic positions. Reports of laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer with SIT are very few. Due to the mirror-image transposition of organs and vascular abnormalities, laparoscopic surgery for patients with SIT is technically complicated. Therefore, it has been reported as easier for left-handed surgeons. This report presents that operative procedures can be conducted as usual by changing the positions of the operator and assistants, even if the operator is right-handed. A 71-year-old woman visited our hospital with a 2-month history of hematochezia. Colonoscopy revealed an ulcerative tumor in the sigmoid colon and biopsy confirmed well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Laparoscopic sigmoidectomy radical lymphadenectomy was performed. The operating time was 189 minutes and blood loss was 13 mL. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 7, without any complications. We report that complicated surgical procedures for patients with SIT can be simplified by changing viewpoints. Due to the altered anatomy in SIT, the positions of the operator and assistants are very important. Location of the pelvis is almost the same as in orthotopic patients, by moving the operator from the left side to the right side of the patient. Changing the position of the operator to the right side seems to be effective for patients with SIT during pelvic procedures.
Repeated Duodenal Stump Perforation Using a Stapling Device Following Subtotal Gastrectomy With Roux-en-Y Reconstruction for Advanced Gastric Cancer: Lessons From a Rare Case
Authors: Furihata Tadashi , Furihata Makoto , Satoh Naoki , Kosaka Masato , Ishikawa Kunibumi , Kubota Keiichi
Published: April 2015

Closure of the duodenal stump using a stapling device is commonly applied in Roux-en-Y reconstruction after gastrectomy. However, serious and possibly fatal duodenal stump perforation can develop in extremely rare cases. We describe a case of subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction followed by repeated duodenal stump perforations. A 79-year-old man with a long history of diabetes and hypertension was admitted to our institution with epigastralgia and right hypochondralgia. Computed tomography and an upper gastrointestinal imaging series revealed remarkable wall thickening of the gastric antrum and corpus. Upper endoscopy also showed a giant ulcerative lesion in the same area. The lesion was confirmed by histology to be poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent open subtotal gastrectomy with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. However, duodenal stump perforation occurred repeatedly on postoperative days 1, 3, and 19, which caused peritonitis. The patient was kept alive through duodenal stump repair, an additional resection using a stapling device, and repeated drainage treatments; but he suffered considerable morbidity due to these complications. We report a case of a life-threatening duodenal stump perforation after subtotal gastrectomy, highlighting lessons learned from the profile and clinical course. Abdominal surgeons should be aware of the possibility of this serious complication of duodenal stump perforation, and be able to perform immediate interventions, including life-saving reoperation.
Survival of LLSVPs for billions of years in a vigorously convecting mantle: Replenishment and destruction of chemical anomaly
Authors: Mulyukova Elvira , Steinberger Bernhard , Dabrowski Marcin , Sobolev Stephan V.
Published: April 2015

We study segregation of the subducted oceanic crust (OC) at the core‐mantle boundary and its ability to accumulate and form large thermochemical piles (such as the seismically observed Large Low Shear Velocity Provinces (LLSVPs)). Our high‐resolution numerical simulations of thermochemical mantle convection suggest that the longevity of LLSVPs for up to three billion years, and possibly longer, can be ensured by a balance in the rate of segregation of high‐density OC material to the core‐mantle boundary (CMB) and the rate of its entrainment away from the CMB by mantle upwellings. For a range of parameters tested in this study, a large‐scale compositional anomaly forms at the CMB, similar in shape and size to the LLSVPs. Neutrally buoyant thermochemical piles formed by mechanical stirring—where thermally induced negative density anomaly is balanced by the presence of a fraction of dense anomalous material—best resemble the geometry of LLSVPs. Such neutrally buoyant piles tend to emerge and survive for at least 3 Gyr in simulations with quite different parameters. We conclude that for a plausible range of values of density anomaly of OC material in the lower mantle—it is likely that it segregates to the CMB, gets mechanically mixed with the ambient material, and forms neutrally buoyant large‐scale compositional anomalies similar in shape to the LLSVPs.
Global transformation and fate of SOA: Implications of low‐volatility SOA and gas‐phase fragmentation reactions
Authors: Shrivastava Manish , Easter Richard C. , Liu Xiaohong , Zelenyuk Alla , Singh Balwinder , Zhang Kai , Ma Po‐Lun , Chand Duli , Ghan Steven , Jimenez Jose L. , Zhang Qi , Fast Jerome , Rasch Philip J. , Tiitta Petri
Published: April 2015

Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are large contributors to fine‐particle loadings and radiative forcing but are often represented crudely in global models. We have implemented three new detailed SOA treatments within the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) that allow us to compare the semivolatile versus nonvolatile SOA treatments (based on some of the latest experimental findings) and to investigate the effects of gas‐phase fragmentation reactions. The new treatments also track SOA from biomass burning and biofuel, fossil fuel, and biogenic sources. For semivolatile SOA treatments, fragmentation reactions decrease the simulated annual global SOA burden from 7.5 Tg to 1.8 Tg. For the nonvolatile SOA treatment with fragmentation, the burden is 3.1 Tg. Larger differences between nonvolatile and semivolatile SOA (up to a factor of 5) exist in areas of continental outflow over the oceans. According to comparisons with observations from global surface Aerosol Mass Spectrometer measurements and the U.S. Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network measurements, the FragNVSOA treatment, which treats SOA as nonvolatile and includes gas‐phase fragmentation reactions, agrees best at rural locations. Urban SOA is underpredicted, but this may be due to the coarse model resolution. All three revised treatments show much better agreement with aircraft measurements of organic aerosols (OA) over the North American Arctic and sub‐Arctic in spring and summer, compared to the standard CAM5 formulation. This is mainly due to the oxidation of SOA precursor gases from biomass burning, not included in standard CAM5, and long‐range transport of biomass burning OA at high altitudes. The revised model configurations that include fragmentation (both semivolatile and nonvolatile SOA) show much better agreement with MODerate resolution Imaging Spectrometers (MODIS) aerosol optical depth data over regions dominated by biomass burning during the summer compared to standard CAM5, and predict biomass burning and biofuel as the largest global source of OA, followed by biogenic and fossil fuel sources. The large contribution of biomass burning OA in the revised treatments is supported by these measurements, but the emissions and aging of SOA precursors and POA are uncertain, and need further investigation. The nonvolatile and semivolatile configurations with fragmentation predict the direct radiative forcing of SOA as −0.5 W m−2 and −0.26 W m−2 respectively, at top of the atmosphere, which are higher than previously estimated by most models, but in reasonable agreement with a recent constrained modeling study. This study highlights the importance of improving process‐level representation of SOA in global models.
Using an ensemble data set of turbulent air‐sea fluxes to evaluate the IPSL climate model in tropical regions
Authors: Găinuşă‐Bogdan Alina , Braconnot Pascale , Servonnat Jérôme
Published: April 2015

Ocean‐atmosphere interactions represent a key component of the hydrological cycle in tropical regions and their variability has profound influences on low‐latitude climate. In order to evaluate how climate models represent these fluxes while taking into account the observational uncertainties, we assemble a comprehensive database of 14 climatological surface flux products, including in situ‐based, satellite, hybrid, and reanalysis data sets. We find that the large observational uncertainties are reflected in the climatological magnitudes, as well as in the spatial patterns and seasonal variations and that, for the most part, they do not carry specific signatures of product type. This data ensemble allows us to draw several conclusions on the current representation of the intertropical turbulent air‐sea fluxes in the atmospheric component of the Intitut Pierre Simon Laplace‐Coupled Model 5A, when forced by observed sea surface temperatures. Despite significantly underestimated near‐surface wind speeds over the entire tropical oceans domain, the atmospheric model produces generally well represented zonal and meridional wind stress values, and only weak biases in the spatial patterns and seasonality. The simulated latent heat flux develops a bias pattern matching that of the wind speed, but with no systematic underestimation. Compared to the same reference, the sensible heat flux is overestimated over the entire region of interest, in response to a significant overestimation of the sea‐air temperature contrast. The observational ensemble and analyses presented in this paper offer a good framework for large‐scale model surface flux evaluation.
The insular shelves of the Faial‐Pico Ridge (Azores archipelago): A morphological record of its evolution
Authors: Quartau R. , Madeira J. , Mitchell N. C. , Tempera F. , Silva P. F. , Brandão F.
Published: April 2015

Shelves surrounding reefless volcanic ocean islands are formed by surf erosion of their slopes during changing sea levels. Posterosional lava flows, if abundant, can cross the coastal cliffs and fill partially or completely the accommodation space left by erosion. In this study, multibeam bathymetry, high‐resolution seismic reflection profiles, and sediment samples are used to characterize the morphology of the insular shelves adjacent to Pico Island. The data show offshore fresh lava flow morphologies, as well as an irregular basement beneath shelf sedimentary bodies and reduced shelf width adjacent to older volcanic edifices in Pico. These observations suggest that these shelves have been significantly filled by volcanic progradation and can thus be classified as “rejuvenated.” Despite the general volcanic infilling of the shelves around Pico, most of their edges are below the depth of the Last Glacial Maximum, revealing that at least parts of the island have subsided after the shelves formed by surf erosion. Prograding lava deltas reached the shelf edge in some areas triggering small slope failures, locally decreasing the shelf width and depth of their edges. These areas can represent a significant risk for the local population; hence, their identification can be useful for hazard assessment and contribute to wiser land use planning. Shelf and subaerial geomorphology, magnetic anomalies and crustal structure data of the two islands were also interpreted to reconstruct the long‐term combined onshore and offshore evolution of the Faial‐Pico ridge. The subaerial emergence of this ridge is apparently older than previously thought, i.e., before ∼850 ka.
Colloidal Nanocrystal Frameworks
Authors: Helms Brett A. , Williams Teresa E. , Buonsanti Raffaella , Milliron Delia J.
Published: April 2015

Colloidal nanocrystal frameworks (CNFs) are a modular class of mesostructured porous materials, which are assembled from pre‐formed nanocrystal building units using suitably designed block copolymer architecture‐directing agents. The functional attributes of these frameworks are determined both by the physiochemical characteristics of the nanocrystal components as well as their ordered arrangements in space. It is noteworthy that their assembly schemes are readily amenable to more than one type of framework component, yielding a multivariate landscape to navigate mesoscale phenomena arising from the coupled interactions of different nanocrystals within the framework. Early reports indicate surprisingly efficient propagation of both matter and energy within and along the surfaces of these frameworks, although there remains much to be learned about the origins of their structural, electronic, and dynamic properties, and how they feed back across multiple length and time scales.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Memory Performance of Two Phenazine/Triphenylamine‐Based Organic Small Molecules through Donor‐Acceptor Design
Authors: Wang Chengyuan , Yamashita Masataka , Hu Benlin , Zhou Yi , Wang Jiangxin , Wu Jin , Huo Fengwei , Lee Pooi See , Aratani Naoki , Yamada Hiroko , Zhang Qichun
Published: April 2015

Two organic small molecule memory materials, TPA‐2BIPs and TPA‐3BIPs, containing triphenylamine (TPA) as a donor and 4,11‐bis((triisopropylsilyl)ethynyl)‐1 H‐imidazo[4,5‐b]phenazine (BIP) units as acceptors have been synthesized and characterized. Sandwich‐structure memory devices based on these two molecules have been fabricated and the as‐fabricated devices displayed similar switching behavior but different ON/OFF ratios. The analysis of AFM images indicates that increasing the numbers of acceptors changes the stacking of molecules in the solid state, which results in different morphology and microstructures in films. Although the switching behavior is not significantly different with increasing acceptor moieties, more acceptor groups do help to enhance the stacking of the molecules in the solid state to generate more consistent switching performance.
Access to Safe Drinking Water and Sanitation in Indonesia
Authors: Patunru Arianto A.
Published: April 2015

In 1990, 30 per cent of Indonesian population had no access to improved drinking water source. Almost 65 per cent lacked access to improved sanitation—and almost 40 per cent defecate in the open. One of the Millennium Development Goals' objectives is to halve these numbers of disadvantaged by 2015. We explore the recent progress using World Health Organization/United Nations Children Fund report and the Indonesia's Socio‐Economic Survey. We conclude that the country still face a great challenge to meet the targets, especially on sanitation. We next illustrate the importance of these facilities by estimating their impact on diarrhoea incidence. We find that the relative importance of sanitation is higher than that of water. A household with ‘unimproved’ drinking water source is about 12 per cent more likely to have diarrhoea than that otherwise. Lacking of improved sanitation, on the other hand, makes the household member about 23–27 per cent more likely to suffer from it.
Positive Effect of Water in Asymmetric Direct Aldol Reactions with Primary Amine Organocatalyst: Experimental and Computational Studies
Authors: Moteki Shin A. , Maruyama Hiroki , Nakayama Keiji , Li Hai‐Bei , Petrova Galina , Maeda Satoshi , Morokuma Keiji , Maruoka Keiji
Published: April 2015

The origin of higher reactivity in water‐accelerated asymmetric aldol reactions with our designed primary amine organocatalyst was elucidated by both computational and experimental methods. As suggested by the calculated transition‐state structures for water‐promoted imine–enamine isomerization, anti‐selective aldol reaction and hemiaminal formation, the rate of this aldol reaction was found experimentally to be even more accelerated by the addition of cis‐2‐butene‐1,4‐diol as additive.