bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of banana flour and its effect on growth performance of broiler
Authors: Dumorné Kelly , Astorga‐Eló Marcia , Merino Osvaldo , Severe Rolord , Morante Laura
Published: June 2020

The main objective of this work was to study the effects of banana flour as energy sources on broiler performance. Seventy‐five broilers were randomly distributed into five groups each with 15 broilers (n = 15 broilers/group). The broilers were grouped to maize–soybean meal diet as control, T1: (5% of banana flour), T2: (10% of banana flour), T3: (15% of banana flour), and T4: (20% of banana flour). The parameters analyzed in this research were body weight, daily weight gain, and daily feed intake at days 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40. The results showed no significant effects on body weight during the time of assessment, showing healthy values (>1,400 g) in all treatments (p > .05). Daily Weight gain was affected significantly during the days of assessment (p < .05). In all treatments and at different days of assessment, T3 showed the highest daily weight gain at day 10 (37.56 ± 4.52 g) compared to the other experimental treatments. Regarding daily feed intake, significant differences were observed at day 10 in the control and treatments T1, T2, T3, and T4 compared to days 20, 30, and 40 (p < .05), being the highest value for T1 (35.14 ± 2.77).
Radioiodinated estradiol dimer for estrogen receptor targeted breast cancer imaging
Authors: Xu Duo , Peng Chenyu , Gao Fei , Guo Zhide , Zhuang Rongqiang , Su Xinhui , Zhang Xianzhong
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to develop a 1‐(2‐(2‐(2‐(1,2,3‐triazol)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)‐5‐[125/131I]iodo‐1,2,3‐triazole‐diestradiol ([125/131I]ITE2), for estrogen receptor (ER)‐expressing breast cancer imaging with single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). [125/131I]ITE2 was prepared in good radiochemical yield (94.4 ± 0.4%) with high radiochemical purity (>99%). [125/131I]ITE2 had good stability in vitro and moderate molar activity (0.3 ± 0.2 GBq/µmol). Higher uptake in ER‐positive MCF‐7 cells than that of ER‐negative MDA‐MB‐231 cells was observed at all time points. Rats biodistribution showed that [131I]ITE2 had high uptake in ER‐abundant uterine and ovarian (5.7 ± 0.4 and 10.1 ± 1.4%ID/g at 1 hr postinjection) and could be blocked by co‐injection of estradiol (2.7 ± 0.1 and 5.5 ± 0.4%ID/g) obviously. In the SPECT/CT imaging study, [125I]ITE2 showed significant higher uptake in MCF‐7 tumor (3.1 ± 0.4%ID/g) than that of MDA‐MB‐231 (0.9 ± 0.1%ID/g). Furthermore, the specific uptake of [125I]ITE2 in ER‐positive MCF‐7 tumor could be blocked effectively by preadministration of fulvestrant (1.2 ± 0.4%ID/g). A novel radioiodinated dimeric estrogen was designed and synthesized with promising ER targeting ability and specificity. It is worthy of further investigation to validate the advantages of the dimer in ER‐positive breast cancer diagnosis.
‘Targeting the feast of a sleeping beast’: Nutrient and mineral dependencies of encysted Acanthamoeba castellanii
Authors: Baig Abdul Mannan , Khan Naveed Ahmed , Katyara Preet , Lalani Salima , Baig Rozeena , Nadeem Mehdia , Akbar Noor , Nazim Fizza , Khaleeq Areeba
Published: June 2020

Acanthamoeba spp. cause a corneal infection, Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK), and a cerebral infection, granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). Though aggressive chemotherapy has been able to kill the active trophozoite form of Acanthamoeba, the encysted form of this parasite has remained problematic to resist physiological concentrations of drugs. The emergence of encysted amoeba into active trophozoite form poses a challenge to eradicate this parasite. Acanthamoeba trophozoites have active metabolic machinery that furnishes energy in the form of ATPs by subjecting carbohydrates and lipids to undergo pathways including glycolysis and beta‐oxidation of free fatty acids, respectively. However, very little is known about the metabolic preferences and dependencies of an encysted trophozoite on minerals or potential nutrients that it consumes to live in an encysted state. Here, we investigate the metabolic and nutrient preferences of the encysted trophozoite of Acanthamoeba castellanii and the possibility to target them by drugs that act on calcium ion dependencies of the encysted amoeba. The experimental assays, immunostaining coupled with bioinformatics tools show that the encysted Acanthamoeba uses diverse nutrient pathways to obtain energy in the quiescent encysted state. These findings highlight potential pathways that can be targeted in eradicating amoebae cysts successfully.
Addressing behavior in pollinator conservation policies to combat the implementation gap
Authors: Marselle Melissa R. , Turbe Anne , Shwartz Assaf , Bonn Aletta , Colléony Agathe
Published: June 2020

Solutions for conserving biodiversity lie in changing people's behavior. Ambitious international and national conservation policies frequently fail to effectively mitigate biodiversity loss because they rarely apply behavior‐change theories. We conducted a gap analysis of conservation behavior‐change interventions advocated in national conservation strategies with the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW), a comprehensive framework for systematically characterizing and designing behavior‐change interventions. Using pollinator conservation as a case study, we classified the conservation actions listed in national pollinator initiatives in relation to intervention functions and policy categories of the BCW. We included all national‐level policy documents from the European Union available in March 2019 that focused on conservation of pollinators (n = 8). A total of 610 pollinator conservation actions were coded using in‐depth directed content analysis, resulting in the identification of 787 intervention function and 766 policy category codes. Overall, these initiatives did not employ the entire breadth of behavioral interventions. Intervention functions most frequently identified were education (23%) and environmental restructuring (19%). Least frequently identified intervention functions were incentivization (3%), and restriction (2%) and coercion were completely absent (0%). Importantly, 41% of all pollinator conservation actions failed to identify whose behavior was to be changed. Building on these analyses, we suggest that reasons for the serious implementation gap in national and international conservation policies is founded in insufficient understanding of which behavioral interventions to employ for most beneficial impacts on biodiversity and how to clearly specify the intervention targets. We recommend that policy advisors engage with behavior‐change theory to design effective behavior‐change interventions that underpin successful conservation policies.
Money and economic development: A long‐run perspective
Authors: Schaiffel‐Nielsen Morten Sølvsten
Published: June 2020

This article explores the association between money and long‐run economic growth in a panel of 27 countries over 200 years. It presents evidence of a complementarity between freedom and decentralisation of the monetary system in terms of their contribution to growth in GDP per capita. The significant and positive association between freedom and economic growth is found to be significantly stronger in a decentralised (market‐based) than in a centralised (government‐controlled) monetary system. For the average level of freedom across the 27 countries today, shifting from a centralised to a decentralised monetary system is predicted to almost double growth rates.
Rural clinical school dental graduates views on rural and metropolitan employment
Authors: Johnson George , Foster Kirsty , Blinkhorn Anthony , Clive Wright Fredrick A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction

There is a maldistribution of dental professionals working in rural and remote regions of Australia. This study investigates dental graduates from a newly established rural clinical school (RCS) at Charles Sturt University (CSU), New South Wales, Australia, and records graduates’ workforce locations and views on working in both metropolitan and rural practice.

Materials and Methods

In late 2015 to early 2016, CSU graduates of 2013 and 2014 were asked to complete a telephone interview related to their employment choices. Thirty‐nine interviews (68% of contactable graduates) were completed. Qualitative framework analysis was applied to identify trends and themes.

Results

More than half of the graduates were working rurally, with 67% working full‐time and 77% in private practice. Key influencing factors on graduates related to rural employment were as follows: family and personal relationships, developing clinical skills, rural community, lifestyle, professional support, mentorship, job availability, full‐time employment and financial incentives. Key barriers to working rurally included leaving family and friends, small patient base, low salary, partner factors, and professional and personal isolation.

Conclusion

More than half of the CSU graduates were working in rural communities, demonstrating initially positive rural workforce outcomes. Reasons for choosing to work rurally were complex and spanned a broad spectrum of social, personal, professional development and support, community, economic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Future workforce strategies should apply a broad multifactorial approach to consider the complex interrelated employment factors. Furthermore, increased evaluation is required of the CSU programme, with increased workforce outcomes and exploration of employment retention factors.
Striatal connectivity in pre‐manifest Huntington’s disease is differentially affected by disease burden
Authors: Pini L. , Youssov K. , Sambataro F. , Bachoud‐Levi A.‐C. , Vallesi A. , Jacquemot C.
Published: June 2020

Background and purpose

Different amounts of cumulative exposure to the toxic mutant form of the huntingtin protein might underlie the distinctive pattern of striatal connectivity in pre‐manifest Huntington’s disease (pre‐HD). The aim of this study was to investigate disease‐burden‐dependent cortical‐striatal and subcortical‐striatal loops at different pre‐HD stages.

Methods

A total of 16 participants with pre‐HD and 25 controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging to investigate striatal structural and functional connectivity (FC). Individuals with pre‐HD were stratified into far‐from‐onset and close‐to‐onset disease groups according to the disease‐burden score. Cortical‐striatal and subcortical‐striatal FC was investigated through seed‐region of interest (ROI) and ROI‐to‐ROI approaches, respectively. The integrity of white‐matter pathways originating from striatal seeds was investigated through probabilistic tractography.

Results

In far‐from‐onset pre‐HD, the left caudate nucleus showed cortical increased FC in brain regions overlapping with the default mode network and increased coupling connectivity with the bilateral thalamus. By contrast, close‐to‐onset individuals showed increased fractional anisotropy (and mean diffusivity) in the right caudate nucleus and widespread striatal atrophy. Finally, we reported an association between cortical‐caudate FC and caudate structural connectivity, although this did not survive multiple comparison correction.

Conclusions

Functional reorganization of the caudate nucleus might underlie plasticity compensatory mechanisms that recede as individuals with pre‐HD approach clinical symptom onset and neurodegeneration.
Effect of combined physical training on cognitive function in people with epilepsy: Results from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Feter Natan , Alt Ricardo , Häfele César A. , da Silva Marcelo C. , Rombaldi Airton J.
Published: June 2020

Objective

To examine the effect of 12‐week exercise program on cognitive function in people with epilepsy.

Methods

Twenty‐one physically inactive subjects were randomized into two groups: the exercise group (EG) or the control group (CG). EG performed 12 weeks of combined physical training. CG was advised to maintain usual daily activities. EG received a structured, individually supervised exercise program with two 60‐minute sessions per week. Each session included warmup (5‐minutes), aerobic (15‐20 minutes at 14‐17 on Borg scale), strength (2‐3 sets, 10‐15 repetitions), and 5‐minute active stretches. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical information, memory (Digit Span Test [DST]), executive function (Trail Making Test [TMT] A and B), Stroop Color and Word Test, a verbal fluency task, global cognitive function (Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA]), anthropometric measurements (weight, height, and hip and waist circumferences), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption [VO2max]), and strength (dynamometer) were measured at baseline and after the 12‐week intervention.

Results

Exercise decreased time spent on TMT‐A from baseline to postintervention (difference = −7.9 seconds, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −14.5 to −1.3,P = .023). EG improved total number of words on the verbal fluency task after intervention (difference = 8.1 words, 95% CI = 3.0 to 13.2,P = .002). EG also improved the score on MoCA at 1.7 (95% CI = 0.1 to 3.3,P = .043) points. We observed a 22.4% (95% CI = 13.1 to 31.6,P = .021) improvement in executive function in EG. No effect of group, time, or group × time was observed on any other cognitive test. Changes in VO2max were negatively associated with changes in performance on DST (r = −.445,P = .049) and overall memory score (r = −.544,P = .042).

Significance

This randomized controlled trial provided the first evidence that combined physical training improves executive function in adults with epilepsy, showing main improvements in attention and language tasks. Physical exercise should be encouraged for people with epilepsy to reduce the burden on cognitive function associated with this disease.
The Discursive Performance of Change Process in Systemic and Constructionist Therapies: A Systematic Meta‐Synthesis Review of In‐Session Therapy Discourse
Authors: Tseliou Eleftheria , Burck Charlotte , Forbat Liz , Strong Tom , O’Reilly Michelle
Published: June 2020

Despite the emphasis of systemic and constructionist approaches on discourse and interaction, to date there has been no comprehensive overview of how change process is performed within in‐session therapeutic dialogue. In this paper, we present a qualitative meta‐synthesis of 35 articles reporting systemic and constructionist therapy process data from naturally occurring therapeutic dialogue. The studies were selected following the screening against eligibility criteria of a total sample of 2,977 studies identified through a systematic search of PsycINFO and MEDLINE databases. Thematic analysis of the 35 studies’ findings identified four main themes depicting change process performance: (a) shifting to a relational perspective, (b) shifting to non‐pathologizing therapeutic dialogue, (c) moving‐forward dialogue, and (d) the dialogic interplay of power. Findings highlight the interactional and discursive matrix within which systemic and constructionist change process occurs. Findings illuminate the value of qualitative research studies sampling naturally occurring therapeutic discourse in bringing this matrix forth, particularly when utilizing discursive methodologies like conversation or discourse analysis.
Evaluation of the Healthcare Cost Offsets of Mend: A Family Systems Mental Health Integration Approach
Authors: Distelberg Brian , Castronova Marjorie , Tapanes Daniel , Allen Jesse , Puder David
Published: June 2020

Behavioral and physical health integration has been shown to be beneficial for overall health outcomes, as well as financial benefits. The current research clearly shows benefits, but lacks evidence specific to couples and family therapy (CFT) as a medium or profession within mental health integrated sites. This study tests the cost offsets of Mastering Each New Directions (MEND), a family system psychosocial approach to chronic illness (CI). Using retrospective charges from 107 CI adult patients, MEND (with an average of 25 sessions) was estimated to produce a 12‐month cost savings of $16,684 or a 34.3% reduction in healthcare costs. This reduction significantly outweighed the cost of the intervention for a total net savings of $9,251 per participant in 12 months. Variations in cost reductions by demographic and treatment dosage are explored, and results suggest that a family systems psychosocial intervention can offer a health system an overall cost savings.
Using a think‐aloud methodology to understand online physical activity information search experiences and preferences of parents of children and youth with disabilities
Authors: Natkunam Tharsheka , Tristani Lauren , Peers Danielle , Fraser‐Thomas Jessica , Latimer‐Cheung Amy E. , Bassett‐Gunter Rebecca
Published: June 2020

Background

The Internet is a preferred source of physical activity (PA) information. However, limited research exists regarding the experiences of parents of children and youth with disabilities (CYWD) in searching for PA programme information online. This research examined the experiences and preferences of parents of CYWD in searching for PA programme information online.

Method

Parents of CYWD (n = 10) participated in a think‐aloud exercise while searching for PA programme information online. Following the think‐aloud exercise, semi‐structured interviews were used to further understand parents’ experiences and preferences in searching for PA programme information online.

Results

Parents identified key features that contributed to a positive online search experience. Additionally, parents noted challenges and resulting negative affect that was experienced.

Conclusions

This research can inform the development and dissemination of online PA programme information that is accessible and relevant to the preferences of parents of CYWD and can facilitate positive search experiences.
IsCutibacterium(previouslyPropionibacterium)acnesa potential pathogenic factor in the aetiology of the skin disease progressive macular hypomelanosis?
Authors: McDowell A. , McLaughlin J. , Layton A.M.
Published: June 2020

Progressive macular hypomelanosis (PMH) is a skin condition that normally causes symmetrically distributed hypopigmented macules on the front and back of the trunk, but rarely the face. To date, the pathophysiology of the condition is not well understood, but a role for the anaerobic skin bacteriumCutibacterium(previouslyPropionibacterium)acnesin the development of the disease has been proposed due to its sole presence within lesional, but not normal peri‐lesional, skin. The success of antimicrobials in the treatment of PMH also provides circumstantial evidence that this association may be causal, although this is still to be proven. More recent culture and metagenomic typing studies indicate that strains ofC. acnessubsp.elongatum(type III) may be important in the aetiology of the condition, which would help to explain why PMH does not normally affect the face since such strains are rarely present there, and why no association between this condition and acne vulgaris is found; acne appears to primarily involve type IA1strains fromC. acnessubsp.acnes(type I). In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the relationship betweenC. acnesand PMH, and re‐examine previous challenges to the view that the bacterium plays a role in the condition against the backdrop of newly emerged data.
Contracting under unverifiable monetary costs
Authors: Quérou Nicolas , Soubeyran Antoine , Soubeyran Raphael
Published: June 2020

We consider a contracting relationship where the agent's effort induces monetary costs, and limits on the agent's resource restrict his capability to exert effort. We show that the principal finds it best to offer a sharing contract while providing the agent with an up‐front financial transfer only when the monetary cost is neither too low nor too high. Thus, unlike in the limited liability literature, the principal might find it optimal to fund the agent. Moreover, both incentives and the amount of funding are nonmonotonic functions of the monetary cost. These results suggest that an increase in the interest rate may affect the form of contracts differently, depending on the initial level of the former. Using the analysis, we provide and discuss several predictions and policy implications.
Subsecond spontaneous catecholamine release in mesenteric lymph node ex vivo
Authors: Lim Gary N. , Regan Samantha L. , Ross Ashley E.
Published: June 2020

Measuring the dynamics of neurochemical‐regulated immunity, particularly in the gut, has been a growing interest over the last several years because of its important implications in gastrointestinal inflammation, neurodegeneration, and even depression. Sympathetic noradrenergic nerves innervate the gastrointestinal tract and resident immune organs, including the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) and Peyer's patches. Previous research has suggested that neuronal inputs in the MLN release norepinephrine (NE) at neural‐immune synapses to regulate immune function. The current immunological techniques do not have the appropriate temporal or spatial resolution to monitor this dynamic process in real‐time, within specific regions of intact lymphoid organs. Monitoring dynamic neural signaling within intact immune organs, in real‐time, would facilitate a deeper understanding of neuroimmune communication and would allow the mechanism of rapid immunomodulation to be elucidated. Here, we overcome this technological barrier by coupling real‐time neurochemical detection using fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) in live MLN slices from C57BL/6 mice. We have discovered rapid, spontaneous catecholamine transients in the T‐cell zone of the MLN which are on the order of a few hundred nanomolar, rapid (a few seconds), and frequent (every 20‐s). We demonstrate that the β2‐adrenergic receptor and the classic catecholamine transporters (DAT and NET) play a minor role in transient regulation in the MLN suggesting that regulation at the neural‐immune synapse is quite complicated and further mechanistic studies are needed. Overall, these findings provide direct evidence for rapid neurochemical events in the MLN which could have a major impact on our understanding of neurochemical‐regulated immunomodulation in the gut.

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Oral anticoagulants for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in frail elderly patients: insights from the ARISTOPHANES study
Authors: Lip G. Y. H. , Keshishian A. V. , Kang A. L. , Dhamane A. D. , Luo X. , Li X. , Balachander N. , Rosenblatt L. , Mardekian J. , Pan X. , Di Fusco M. , Garcia Reeves A. B. , Yuce H. , Deitelzweig S.
Published: June 2020

Background

Patient frailty amongst patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is associated with adverse health outcomes and increased risk of mortality. Additional evidence is needed to evaluate effective and safe NVAF treatment in this patient population.

Objectives

This subgroup analysis of the ARISTOPHANES study compared the risk of stroke/systemic embolism (S/SE) and major bleeding (MB) amongst frail NVAF patients prescribed nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) or warfarin.

Methods

This comparative retrospective observational study of frail, older NVAF patients who initiated apixaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban or warfarin from 01JAN2013‐30SEP2015 was conducted using Medicare and 3 US commercial claims databases. To compare each drug, 6 propensity score‐matched (PSM) cohorts were created. Patient cohorts were pooled from 4 databases after PSM. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) of S/SE and MB.

Results

Amongst NVAF patients, 34% (N = 150 487) met frailty criteria. Apixaban and rivaroxaban were associated with a lower risk of S/SE vs warfarin (apixaban: HR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.55–0.69; rivaroxaban: HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.72–0.87). For MB, apixaban (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.57–0.66) and dabigatran (HR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.70–0.89) were associated with a lower risk and rivaroxaban (HR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.08–1.21) was associated with a higher risk vs warfarin.

Conclusion

Amongst this cohort of frail NVAF patients, NOACs were associated with varying rates of stroke/SE and MB compared with warfarin. Due to the lack of real‐world data regarding OAC treatment in frail patients, these results may inform clinical practice in the treatment of this patient population.
Obstetrical Care in Rural Minnesota: Family Physician Perspectives on Factors Affecting the Ability to Provide Prenatal, Labor, and Delivery Care
Authors: Pearson Jennifer , Anderholm Kaitlyn , Bettermann Maren , Friedrichsen Samantha , Mateo Carolina De La Rosa , Richter Sara , Onello Emily
Published: June 2020

Purpose

With decreasing access to rural obstetrical care, this study aimed to identify factors that contribute to the ability of Minnesota's rural communities to continue to offer obstetrical services locally. The study also sought to characterize attributes that differentiate rural communities that continue to offer obstetrical care from those that do not.

Methods

Family medicine physicians practicing in communities of fewer than 20,000 people were interviewed through a phone survey that included multiple choice and open‐ended questions. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed on data collected from the responses.

Findings

Within the Minnesota communities represented (N = 25), prenatal care was provided broadly, regardless of whether labor and delivery services were available. For the communities providing local labor and delivery (N = 17), several factors seemed to be key to sustaining these services: having a sufficient cohort of delivering providers, having surgical backup, having accessible confident nurses and nurse anesthetists, sustaining a sufficient annual birth volume at the hospital, and having organizational and administrative support. In addition, supporting anesthesia and analgesic services, access to specialist consultation, having resources for managing and referring both newborn and maternal complications, and sustaining proper equipment were also requisite.

Conclusions

Rural Minnesota family medicine physicians practicing in communities providing local labor and delivery care emphasized several essential components for sustainable provision of these services. With awareness of these essential components, rural health care providers, administrators, and policy makers can focus resources and initiatives on efforts that are most likely to support a sustainable and coordinated rural labor and delivery program.
Overcoming Barriers to Health Care Access in Rural Latino Communities: An Innovative Model in the Eastern Coachella Valley
Authors: Tulimiero Monica , Garcia Michael , Rodriguez Maria , Cheney Ann M.
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Latino farmworkers lack access to basic needs, including health care services. These farmworkers face barriers common to rural areas (eg, limited health services and public transportation), as well as language barriers, an unfamiliar medical system, no health insurance, and income‐based financial challenges exacerbated by a lack of workers’ rights.

Methods

This study involved focus group discussions to elicit community health priorities and barriers to health care service use among Latinos in rural farm working communities, as well as participants’ ideal model for health care services delivery. Free mobile clinics were subsequently implemented at locations and times the community identified as ideal, and pre‐ and postinterviews of patients’ experiences utilizing clinic services, and perceptions of access barriers, were conducted.

Results

Results from focus group discussions (n = 82) and one‐on‐one interviews (n = 15) to evaluate mobile clinic health care services use confirmed documented barriers to health care for this population, shed light on structural and cultural barriers to service access, and suggested innovative models for service delivery to Spanish‐speaking Latino farmworkers in rural communities. These models should (1) provide care within farm working communities, (2) offer services at times outside of business hours, and (3) encourage provider immersion in patient communities to better understand their health care needs.

Discussion

Traditional models of care that expect patients to access health care services at brick and mortar structures are impractical for Latino farmworkers in rural communities. Innovative models bringing health care services to community spaces can reduce access barriers and emergency department utilization and improve health outcomes for this structurally vulnerable population.
Risk factors modifying the double burden of malnutrition of young children in Thailand
Authors: Okubo Tomoo , Janmohamed Amynah , Topothai Chompoonut , Blankenship Jessica L.
Published: June 2020

Thailand is now faced with a double burden of malnutrition. Using nationally representative data from the 2015–2016 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, we utilized multinomial logistic regression models to examine factors associated with stunting only, wasting only, overweight only, concurrent stunting and overweight, and concurrent stunting and wasting among children 0–59 months of age (n = 11,068). The prevalences of <5 stunting only (height‐for‐age Z score < −2 SD) and wasting only (WHZ < −2 SD) were 8.5% and 4.7%, respectively. The prevalence of <5 overweight only (WHZ > +2 SD) was 7.8%. Children 12–23 months (risk ratio [RR], 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47 [1.18, 1.83]; p < .01) and 24–35 months (RR, 95% CI: 1.56 [1.26, 1.94]; p < .001) were at increased risk for stunting only, compared with children 48–59 months. The strongest risk factor for stunting only was low birth weight (RR, 95% CI: 3.42 [2.86, 4.10]; p < .001). Children 0–5 months were at highest risk for wasting only, compared with children 48–59 months (RR, 95% CI: 2.91 [2.16, 3.92]; p < .001). Children 48–59 months and male children were more likely to be overweight only. Higher household wealth and smaller household size were also significant predictors of overweight only. A small proportion of children were concurrently stunted and overweight (1.3%) and concurrently stunted and wasted (0.6%). A multipronged approach focused on adequate prenatal care, improving breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, and mitigating the growing burden of overweight is needed to address the double burden of malnutrition in Thailand.
Pure Means vs. Supernatural Means? On the Solidarity and Differences between Jacques Maritain and Dorothy Day
Authors: Stout Huili
Published: June 2020

This paper clarifies the full extent of the differences between Jacques Maritain and Dorothy Day on pacifism and anarchism in the light of their solidarity. I argue that their differences were primarily due to the particular challenges they faced in their specific vocation arising from the World War II context, and secondarily due to their different understandings of the relationship between nature and grace. While Day became drawn to a concrete heroic life of the supernatural virtues under the guidance of her spiritual director John Hugo, Maritain aimed to philosophically elucidate all the possible means available to modern Christians which may contribute to a historical realization of the Christian ideal. Their theological difference on nature and grace did not constitute a fundamental rift if taking into account the role of conscience as the essential element of a person's dignity, where the spiritual life takes shape and discernments are made. The pure means of the philosopher and the supernatural means of the saint are united in the Christian who is willing to give all for the object of their love.
Criteria for interpretation of the athlete's ECG: A critical appraisal
Authors: Zorzi Alessandro , Vio Riccardo , Bettella Natascia , Corrado Domenico
Published: June 2020

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is cheap and widely available but its use as a screening tool for early identification of athletes with a cardiac disease at risk of sudden cardiac death is controversial because of presumed low specificity. In the last decade, several efforts have been made to improve the distinction between physiological and pathological ECG findings in the athlete, leading to continuous evolution of the interpretation criteria. The most recent 2017 International criteria grouped ECG changes into three categories: normal, borderline, and abnormal. Borderline findings warrant further investigations only when two or more are present while abnormal changes should always be considered as the sign of a possible underlying disease. This review encompasses the evolution of the athlete's ECG interpretation criteria and highlights areas of uncertainty that will need to be addressed by further studies.
Potential evolutionary trade‐off between feeding and stability in Cambrian cinctan echinoderms
Authors: Rahman Imran A. , O'Shea James , Lautenschlager Stephan , Zamora Samuel
Published: June 2020

Reconstructing the function and behaviour of extinct groups of echinoderms is problematic because there are no modern analogues for their aberrant body plans. Cinctans, an enigmatic group of Cambrian echinoderms, exemplify this problem: their asymmetrical body plan differentiates them from all living species. Here, we used computational fluid dynamics to analyse the functional performance of cinctans without assuming an extant comparative model. Three‐dimensional models of six species from across cinctan phylogeny were used in computer simulations of water flow. The results demonstrate that cinctans with strongly flattened bodies produced much less drag than species characterized by dorsal protuberances or swellings, suggesting the former were more stable on the seafloor. However, unlike the flattened forms, cinctans with high‐relief bodies were able to passively direct flow towards the mouth and associated food grooves, indicating that they were capable of more efficient feeding on particles suspended in the water. This study provides evidence of a previously unknown evolutionary trade‐off between feeding and stability in Cambrian cinctan echinoderms.
The International Symposium on Plant Photobiology 2019: a bright and colourful experience
Authors: Martínez‐Garcia Jaime F. , Monte Elena
Published: June 2020

Light is a key resource for plants as it fuels photosynthesis. It also provides essential information about their habitat. Thus, light tracking is of great importance to plants throughout their life cycle. To gain information about their light environment, plants possess light receptors that cover the perception of the complete light spectrum, including light invisible to the human eye (far‐red and ultra‐violet light). The information sensed by these photoreceptors is utilized for optimal growth during day–night cycles and in sub‐optimal light conditions, such as shaded areas and high‐light sun flecks. Plant photobiology research focuses on the perception of light by plants, their developmental adaptations to a changing light environment and the mechanistic and genetic basis of these adaptations. The International Symposium on Plant Photobiology (ISPP) is a biannual meeting where the world's leaders, as well as upcoming talents in the field, gather to share their latest results and discuss future directions. The past edition was held between June 3 and 8 of 2019 in the beautiful PRBB research park building on the seafront of the city of Barcelona (Spain). The ISPP2019 was organized by a gender‐balanced committee formed by two junior (Lot Gommers and Jordi Moreno‐Romero) and two senior researchers (Jamie F. Martínez‐Garcia and Elena Monte).
Loop gain in paediatric sleep‐disordered breathing: A different story from adults
Authors: Amin Raouf , Khoo Michael
Published: June 2020

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All The Same? On a Certain Pattern in Cross‐National Death Risk
Authors: Barnett Arnold
Published: June 2020

This article considers whether a nation that fares relatively well (or badly) on a particular dimension of mortality risk tends also to do so on others. Working with 2016 data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study, we focus on six causes of premature death: transport accidents, other accidents, homicide, early‐childhood diseases, and both communicable and noncommunicable diseases beyond early childhood. We consider data from all 26 nations that had populations of at least 50 million in 2016, as well as 15 clusters of smaller nations that are similar in longevity (e.g., Scandinavia). We use an analytic method that facilitates useful comparisons across nations, for it recognizes that some potential death risks can be underestimated because citizens die sooner from other causes. We estimate reductions in lifespan from each of the six causes relative to natural lifespan as defined by GBD. It emerges that, for all 15 pairings among the six causes, these reductions are positively correlated. We introduce metrics to summarize a nation's overall “safety status,” and find that losses of longevity because of premature deaths are nearly three decades fewer in the safest countries than in the least safe ones. Turning to possible explanations for the cross‐national differences, we find a strong association between a nation's safety status and both its economic wherewithal as indicated by the 2016 GDP per capita (adjusted for purchasing power parity) and its income inequality as reflected by its Gini coefficient.
Tensile deformation behaviour of a dissimilar metal weldment of P91 and 347H steels
Authors: Akanda Sajedur R. , Wheeler Robert W. , Rozman Kyle A. , Rider Jessica , Doğan Ömer N. , Young Marcus L. , Hawk Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2020

Deformation of a weldment is governed by the mechanical properties of its base metals and fusion zone. In a weldment, the base metals and fusion zone exhibit changing microstructural features with various phases present along the weldment. Specifically, the heat affected zone of a base metal exhibits a heterogeneous microstructure generated during weld thermal cycles and by post‐weld heat treatment. As a result, the mechanical properties in a weldment are often non‐uniformly distributed. In this study, tensile tests combined with digital image correlation were performed to obtain the non‐uniform distributions of the mechanical properties of a weldment composed of P91 and 347H steels. From the experimental tensile tests, it was found that the 347H base metal had significantly distinct mechanical properties compared to the other zones of the weldment. Furthermore, the 347H base metal had the lowest yield stress but the highest strain hardening exponent. Because of its lowest yield stress, the 347H base metal had the highest plastic strain accumulation at any stage of global deformation. However, the strain hardening rate of the P91 base metal enabled it to accumulate the necessary plastic strain to activate its necking first. Therefore, the failure location of the P91‐347H weldment was expected to occur at the P91 base metal. A 3D finite element simulation of the tensile deformation of P91‐347H weldment also suggested the same. However, from the present experimental observations, one weldment out of three was found to fail unexpectedly at the heat affected zone of the P91 base metal. The reason for this unexpected failure was determined by microscopic analysis to be the presence of a large defect.
The discovery of two HLA‐DPA1*02:01:01 variants, found in Brazilian individuals
Authors: Vianna Romulo , Secco Danielle , Santos Angela , Porto Luís Cristóvão
Published: June 2020

Characterization of two novel HLA‐DPA1*02:01:01 variants, HLA‐DPA1*02:01:01:18 and ‐DPA1*02:01:01:19.
Improvement in HLA‐C typing by a new sequence‐specific oligonucleotides kit
Authors: Cargou Marine , Ralazamahaleo Mamy , Blouin Laura , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Visentin Jonathan
Published: June 2020

PCR‐sequence‐specific oligonucleotide (PCR‐SSO) is commonly used for HLA‐typing. We recently replaced LabType SSO HD kit for HLA‐C typing with the XR kit (OneLambda, Inc.). We used 137 patients' samples representing unique most likely HLA‐C allele combinations to compare these kits' performance. The XR kit decreased the number of allele ambiguities with a median of 26.1% (first to third quartiles 20% to 36.2%, range 0% to 96.1%). The XR kit did not resolve all the common, intermediate and well‐documented HLA allele ambiguities, which may be important in the clinical setting. The XR kit eliminated 23.6% of null allele ambiguities. In conclusion, the HLA‐C XR kit provides a moderate yet valuable improvement of HLA‐typing resolution in comparison with the HLA‐C HD kit.
How urban places are visited by social groups? Evidence from matrix factorization on mobile phone data
Authors: Kang Chaogui , Shi Li , Wang Fahui , Liu Yu
Published: June 2020

This research attempts to build a unified framework for distinguishing the spatiotemporal visit patterns of urban places by different social groups using mobile phone data in Harbin, China. Social groups are detected by their social ties in the ego‐to‐ego mobile phone call network and are embedded in physical space according to their home locations. Popular urban places are detected from user‐generated content as the basic spatial analysis unit. Coupling subscribers’ footprints and urban places in physical space, the spatiotemporal visit patterns of urban places by distinct social groups are uncovered and interpreted by non‐negative matrix factorization. The proposed framework enables us to answer several critical questions from three perspectives: (1) How to model popular urban places in terms of vague boundary, land use, and semantic features based on crowdsourcing data?; (2) How to evaluate interaction between individuals for inspecting the relationship between spatial proximity and social ties based on spatiotemporal co‐occurrence?; and (3) How to distinguish urban place visit preferences for social groups associated with different socio‐demographic characteristics? Our research could assist urban planners and municipal managers to identify critical urban places frequented by different population groups according to their roles and social/cultural characteristics for improvement of urban facility allocation.
Mycoplasma hominis bursitis in a simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplant recipient: case report and literature review
Authors: Hulme‐Jones Jarrod P. , Gordon David L. , Barbara Jeffrey A. , Li Jordan Y.
Published: June 2020

Mycoplasma hominis can be isolated frequently from the genitourinary tract of some healthy individuals. On rare occasions, it acts as a pathogen in immunocompromised patients such as transplant recipients. Here, we describe the case of a 39‐year‐old man with end‐stage kidney disease secondary to diabetic nephropathy who received a simultaneous pancreas‐kidney transplant. He developed pancreatitis and arterial thrombosis 2 weeks post‐transplant and required a pancreatectomy. His kidney allograft function remained normal. He developed severe left hip pain 2 weeks post‐transplant with a trochanteric bursal effusion detected on magnetic resonance imaging. The effusion grew M. hominis. The patient was treated with 100 mg of doxycycline twice daily for 9 months with full resolution of the effusion at 4 months post‐treatment. We also review all previously reported M. hominis infections in transplant recipients.
SPO11.2 is essential for programmed double‐strand break formation during meiosis in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Benyahya Fatiha , Nadaud Isabelle , Da Ines Olivier , Rimbert Hélène , White Charles , Sourdille Pierre
Published: June 2020

Meiotic recombination is initiated by formation of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs). This involves a protein complex that includes in plants the two similar proteins, SPO11‐1 and SPO11‐2. We analysed the sequences of SPO11‐2 in hexaploid bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), as well as in its diploid and tetraploid progenitors. We investigated its role during meiosis using single, double and triple mutants. The three homoeologous SPO11‐2 copies of hexaploid wheat exhibit high nucleotide and amino acid similarities with those of the diploids, tetraploids and Arabidopsis. Interestingly, however, two nucleotides deleted in exon‐2 of the A copy lead to a premature stop codon and suggest that it encodes a non‐functional protein. Remarkably, the mutation was absent from the diploid A‐relative Triticum urartu, but present in the tetraploid Triticum dicoccoides and in different wheat cultivars indicating that the mutation occurred after the first polyploidy event and has since been conserved. We further show that triple mutants with all three copies (A, B, D) inactivated are sterile. Cytological analyses of these mutants show synapsis defects, accompanied by severe reductions in bivalent formation and numbers of DMC1 foci, thus confirming the essential role of TaSPO11‐2 in meiotic recombination in wheat. In accordance with its 2‐nucleotide deletion in exon‐2, double mutants for which only the A copy remained are also sterile. Notwithstanding, some DMC1 foci remain visible in this mutant, suggesting a residual activity of the A copy, albeit not sufficient to restore fertility.
Increased free amino acid contents of the invasive weed Ageratina adenophora and the effects on its specialist herbivore Procecidochares utilis
Authors: Gao Xin , Sun Yuanyuan , Diao Yuehui , Zhao Yunpeng , Esteban Rodríguez‐Leyva , Yang Guoqing
Published: June 2020

In order to verify the escape‐from‐enemy hypothesis from the changes of nutrient substance and fitness of natural enemies on alien plants, contents of free amino acids in native and invasive plant populations of Ageratina adenophora and life history parameters of specialist herbivore Procecidochares utilis reared on these plants were investigated. Our results showed that the contents of glycine, valine, γ‐aminobutyric acid, proline, serine, alanine, and arginine in the invasive plants were higher than those in the native plants of A. adenophora. There was a shorter developmental duration and higher fecundity of P. utilis when fed on the invasive plants. The results indicated a possible fitness tradeoff of natural enemies between invasive and native plants arose from nutrient substance changes.
Editorial: Ley de Procedimiento de la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz: aciertos, debilidades y desafíos del derecho penal en contextos de justicia Transicional
Authors: Ambos Kai
Published: June 2020

Justicia Especial Para la Paz (JEP): Editorial
Participación de las víctimas en la JEP: especial referencia a los informes de las organizaciones de víctimas, étnicas y de derechos humanos
Authors: Vega Dueñas Lorena Cecilia
Published: June 2020

En la Jurisdicción Especial para la Paz (JEP) de Colombia, las organizaciones de víctimas, étnicas y de derechos humanos pueden presentar un informe en relación a la violación de sus derechos en el marco del conflicto armado (regulados en la Ley 1922 de 2018). Estos informes se consideran una expresión del derecho de participación de las víctimas ante la JEP. Este trabajo, en primer lugar, expone el marco normativo de la JEP en relación a la participación de las víctimas y a su vez plantea la importancia de garantizar este derecho de cara a los retos de esta jurisdicción. En segundo lugar, mediante un abordaje cualitativo, presenta datos recopilados de entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a representantes de organizaciones que han presentado informes a la JEP. Estas entrevistas tuvieron como objetivo explorar el derecho de presentar informes a la JEP respecto a tres conceptos: apoyo, visibilidad y participación. Los resultados mostraron que (1) las víctimas reciben apoyo para presentar sus informes, (2) la presentación de los informes aumenta la visibilidad de las víctimas y (3) la presentación de los informes se considera un mecanismo real de participación de las víctimas en la JEP.