bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neisseria sicca Vertebral Osteomyelitis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Dyal Natasha Priya , Orenstein Robert , Nagarakanti Sandhya Rani
Published: November 2024

Background: Culture-negative vertebral osteomyelitis presents a significant diagnostic challenge. Neisseria sicca (N. sicca) is a typically benign commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract that rarely causes invasive infections, warranting cautious interpretation if isolated in a single positive culture. This case study details a 62-year-old male diagnosed with vertebral osteomyelitis caused by N. sicca, examining diagnostic challenges, treatment, and outcomes. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search on MEDLINE using the keywords “Neisseria sicca”, “osteomyelitis”, and “diskitis”. An additional search excluding N. gonorrhea and N. meningitidis was also performed, revealing a total of four cases of N. sicca osteomyelitis in the literature. Results: A 62-year-old male with a history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, atrial fibrillation, and previous L5-S1 spinal fusion presented with fever and back pain in May 2023. Initial imaging revealed T8-T9 vertebral osteomyelitis. Despite a six-week course of IV daptomycin, his symptoms worsened, prompting further evaluation. A CT-guided biopsy with comprehensive testing, including histopathology and microbial cultures, initially identified N. sicca. Due to its rarity, additional biopsies were conducted, confirming the infection. IV ceftriaxone was initiated, leading to significant pain improvement, and a subsequent MRI showed near resolution. The patient transitioned to oral cefuroxime, with follow-up confirming complete infection resolution by December 2023. Conclusions: This case underscores the importance of a structured diagnostic approach in culture-negative vertebral osteomyelitis to differentiate between commensal contamination and true infection. Repeated positive cultures of N. sicca from a sterile site confirmed its role as the causative agent. Early identification and targeted antibiotic therapy are critical to improving outcomes in rare cases of N. sicca vertebral osteomyelitis.
Smoking and Health Profiles of Hypertensive Patients with COVID-19: An Exploratory Study of Key Physiological Markers
Authors: Haidar Laura , Bălteanu Mara Amalia , Georgescu Marius , Drăghici George Andrei , Laza Eveline-Anda , Șerb Alina-Florina , Cioboată Ramona
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Smoking and hypertension are major contributors to cardiovascular diseases, with smoker hypertensives typically presenting with exacerbated health risks. These factors are associated with COVID-19 aggravation, but their cumulative impact in the context of this disease remains understudied. Our hypothesis was that hypertensive smokers display a more vulnerable health profile (versus non-smokers) upon hospital admission for COVID-19. Methods: This exploratory observational study compared the clinical profiles of hypertensive COVID-19 patients depending on their smoking status. Focusing on key cardiometabolic, blood, renal, hepatic, and inflammatory markers, this investigation included 100 hypertensive COVID-19 patients (50 smokers and 50 non-smokers) aged 50 and above. Logistic regression and Spearman’s correlations were used to identify significant predictors and relationships among variables. Results: Hypertensive smokers with COVID-19 were significantly more likely to exhibit higher heart rate (p = 0.047), left atrial size (p = 0.013) and diameter (p = 0.040), left ventricular end-systolic volume (p = 0.036), and interventricular septal thickness (p ≤ 0.001). These patients were also much more prone to display elevated CRP (p = 0.035) and hemoglobin (p = 0.011). The renal profiles of the smokers and non-smokers differed, with the smokers showing a significantly greater likelihood to have high serum urea (p = 0.036), but normal-to-low serum potassium (p = 0.011) and sodium (p ≤ 0.001). Their lipid profile was less favorable, with higher triglycerides (p ≤ 0.001), but lower HDL (p = 0.008). The strongest predictors of smoking status were interventricular septal thickness, triglycerides, and serum sodium. Conclusions: Hypertensive smokers admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 tend to exhibit a more adverse clinical profile, particularly in terms of cardiovascular remodeling, lipid imbalances, renal profile, and inflammation. These findings suggest that smoking exacerbates the effects of hypertension in the context of COVID-19, highlighting the need for more aggressive monitoring and management in this patient group.
Assessment of Physical Performance in Children After Surgery for Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Pałka Anna , Strumiłło Bogumiła , Piaseczna-Piotrowska Anna
Published: November 2024

Objective: This study aims to evaluate long-term physical and motor performance in children aged 3–6 years following congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) surgery, in comparison with healthy peers. While existing research emphasizes prognostic factors such as the lung to heart ratio (LHR) and liver position, few studies address physical outcomes in early childhood post-surgery. Methods: A total of 31 children who underwent neonatal CDH surgery (study group) and 41 age-matched healthy children (reference group) were assessed. The Wrocław Test and the Ozierecki Metric Scale (modified by Barański) were used to evaluate strength, endurance, motor coordination, and agility. Results: Findings indicated that children in the CDH group had significantly lower scores in physical performance, particularly in endurance and motor coordination, compared to their healthy peers. Strength differences were present but less pronounced. Conclusions: Children post-CDH surgery exhibit slightly delayed physical and motor development, suggesting a potential need for targeted physical activity programs in early childhood to support improved outcomes.
Sequential Bone Repair in Rabbit Sinus Lifts Using Bio-Oss and Hyaluronic Acid–Polynucleotide Gel (Regenfast)
Authors: Maniwa Nozomi , Xavier Samuel Porfirio , Scombatti de Souza Sergio Luis , Silva Erick Ricardo , Botticelli Daniele , Morinaga Kenzo , Baba Shunsuke
Published: November 2024

Background: A comprehensive investigation to associate the use of polynucleotides and hyaluronic acid with bovine bone in maxillary sinus lift procedures in rabbits has not been performed yet. The aim was to evaluate the influence of this novel association on the processes of bone regeneration in maxillary sinus augmentation. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, within-animal model, maxillary sinus augmentation was performed bilaterally in 12 rabbits. Deproteinized bovine bone material (DBBM) was used as filler material. A hyaluronic acid–polynucleotide gel was aggregated at the test site. Histological evaluations were performed after 2 and 10 weeks of healing. Results: After 2 weeks of healing, similar amounts of new bone were observed at both the control (7.7 ± 4.3%) and test sites (8.1 ± 3.8%; p = 0.697). Bone formation was observed predominantly along the osteotomy margins and adjacent sinus walls. After 10 weeks of healing, the total new bone fraction reached 28.0 ± 10.1% at the control sites and 27.3 ± 10.5% at the test sites (p = 0.563). Multiple perforations of the sinus mucosa were observed in both groups when in contact with the biomaterial granules. Conclusion: The present study failed to demonstrate a positive effect on bone formation when incorporating hyaluronic acid–polynucleotide gel (Regenfast) into a xenograft for maxillary sinus augmentation. Additionally, the use of this gel did not mitigate the occurrence of thinned mucosa or reduce the risk of subsequent sinus mucosa perforation.
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nano-TiC-Reinforced 18Ni300 Maraging Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting
Authors: Leite Francisco F. , Coondoo Indrani , Vieira João S. , Oliveira José M. , Miranda Georgina
Published: November 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) has brought new possibilities to the moulding industry, particularly regarding the use of high-performance materials as maraging steels. This work explores 18Ni300 maraging steel reinforced with 4.5 vol.% TiC nanoparticles, fabricated by Selective Laser Melting (SLM), addressing the effect of post-fabrication aging treatment on both thermal and mechanical properties. Design of Experiments (DoE) was used to generate twenty-five experimental groups, in which laser power, scanning speed, and hatch distance were varied across five levels, with the aim of generating conclusions on optimal fabrication conditions. A comprehensive analysis was performed, starting with the nanocomposite feedstock and then involving the microstructural, mechanical, and thermal characterisation of SLM-fabricated nanocomposites. Nanocomposite relative density varied between 92.84% and 99.73%, and the presence of martensite, austenite, and TiC was confirmed in the as-built and heat-treated conditions. Results demonstrated a hardness of 411 HV for the as-built 18Ni300-TiC nanocomposite, higher than that of the non-reinforced steel, and this was further increased by performing aging treatment, achieving a hardness of 673 HV. Thermal conductivity results showed an improvement from ~12 W/m·K to ~19 W/m·K for nano-TiC-reinforced 18Ni300 when comparing values before and after heat treatment, respectively. Results showed that the addition of TiC nanoparticles to 18Ni300 maraging steel led to a combined thermal and mechanical performance suited for applications in which heat extraction is required, as in injection moulding.
A Study on the Effects of Morphological Changes Due to the Construction of Multiple Coastal Structures
Authors: Shim Kyu-Tae , Kim Kyu-Han
Published: November 2024

The study area was Anin Beach, where a 1.48-km-long breakwater, consisting of a non-porous caisson, was constructed over 16 months. During this process, significant erosion occurred over a wide area behind the coast, with a maximum reduction in the beach width of 36 m observed in the central part of the coastline. As a countermeasure to prevent erosion, a submerged breakwater was installed that consisted of concrete blocks and had a length of 600 m. Following the implementation of this submerged breakwater, the beach behind it increased in width by 64 m, in proportion to the installation length, while erosion phenomena, such as the loss of coastal roads, were observed at both ends of the structure. In this study, the topographical changes caused by waves and currents were analyzed to identify their causes and establish countermeasures. Additionally, the planned measures, established before structure installation, were closely examined against the actual occurrences observed onsite through a coastline survey.
Current Analytical Methods and Challenges for the Clinical Diagnosis of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis Infection
Authors: Schwarz Madeline C. R. , Moskaluk Alex E. , Daniels Joshua B. , VandeWoude Sue , Reynolds Melissa M.
Published: November 2024

In the last decade, pulmonary fungal infections such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) have increased in incidence due to the increased number of immunocompromised individuals. This increase is especially problematic when considering mortality rates associated with IPA are upwards of 70%. This high mortality rate is due to, in part, the length of time it takes to diagnose a patient with IPA. When diagnosed early, mortality rates of IPA decrease by as much as 30%. In this review, we discuss current technologies employed in both medical and research laboratories to diagnose IPA, including culture, imaging, polymerase chain reaction, peptide nucleic acid–fluorescence in situ hybridization, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, lateral flow assay, and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. For each technique, we discuss both promising results and potential areas for improvement that would lead to decreased diagnosis time for patients suspected of contracting IPA. Further study into methods that offer increased speed and both analytical and clinical sensitivity to decrease diagnosis time for IPA is warranted.
Exposure Assessment of Essential and Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) from Chia Seeds
Authors: González-Weller Dailos , Bethencourt-Barbuzano Elena , Siedzik Katarzyna , Paz-Montelongo Soraya , Gutiérrez-Fernández Ángel J. , Hardisson Arturo , Alejandro-Vega Samuel , Jáudenes-Marrero Juan R. , Rubio Carmen
Published: November 2024

The increasing consumption of chia seeds is followed by a growing interest in their nutritional and toxicological characterization. To assess the characterization of the essential and PTEs of this novel food, 20 samples of conventional and organic chia seeds available on the European market were analyzed using ICP-OES. Then, the dietary exposure to these elements was assessed. An exhaustive investigation into the metal content of this food serves to elucidate the paucity of existing knowledge. The results show that the levels of essential elements are similar in both types of production, while the levels of PTEs are higher in the organic samples. The exposure assessment indicates that Mn contributes the most among the essential elements, followed by Cu in women. Exposure to PTEs through doses of 50 g/day of chia seeds analyzed would hardly pose short-term health risks as the contributions are below 10%, except for Sr, although they could produce a long-term toxicological risk. To promote safety in chia seed consumption, it is recommended to encourage responsible and moderate consumption, continue monitoring PTE levels in this novel food, and establish concentration limits for PTEs in future European regulations.
Region Segmentation of Images Based on a Raster-Scan Paradigm
Authors: Lukač Luka , Nerat Andrej , Strnad Damjan , Horvat Štefan , Žalik Borut
Published: November 2024

This paper introduces a new method for the region segmentation of images. The approach is based on the raster-scan paradigm and builds the segments incrementally. The pixels are processed in the raster-scan order, while the construction of the segments is based on a distance metric in regard to the already segmented pixels in the neighbourhood. The segmentation procedure operates in linear time according to the total number of pixels. The proposed method, named the RSM (raster-scan segmentation method), was tested on selected images from the popular benchmark datasets MS COCO and DIV2K. The experimental results indicate that our method successfully extracts regions with similar pixel values. Furthermore, a comparison with two of the well-known segmentation methods—Watershed and DBSCAN—demonstrates that the proposed approach is superior in regard to efficiency while yielding visually similar results.
Water Conflicts and Socioterritorial Dynamics: The Hydrosocial Cycle After the São Francisco River Transposition Project in the Northeast of Brazil
Authors: Santos Jaqueline Guimarães , Ioris Antonio A. R.
Published: November 2024

The implementation of large-scale water infrastructure projects, such as the São Francisco River Integration Project with the Northeastern Hydrographic Basins (PISF), causes territorial transformations of great proportions, constituting a new hydrosocial cycle, resulting in hydrosocial territories in which not only water but also power relations and socioeconomic and physical resources circulate. In this sense, this article aims to historically analyze the interconnection between water and land issues in the Brazilian Northeast, shedding light on the territorial dynamics produced by the new hydrosocial cycle constituted by the implementation of the largest water project in the country. To this end, we interviewed actors from different groups and in various locations, conducted on-site field research, and collected and systematically analyzed important documents from the institutional websites of the Brazilian government. The main results of the research indicate that since the implementation of the PISF, a context of deep and historical political and socioeconomic inequalities in hydrosocial territories has been impacted, which has deepened conflicts over land and water and increased socio-spatial injustices. Contrary to most available approaches, which consider water scarcity a ‘natural’ (hydrological) problem that requires technical and administrative solutions, the water problem reflects the profound asymmetry of power consolidated over time and the strength of the reactionary agrarian sectors that control the State apparatus.
Projected and Perceived Destination Images of the Tsunami Memorial Parks After the Great East Japan Earthquake: A Text Mining Analysis
Authors: Zhang Sihan , Wang Qian , Afzelia Prudens , Tang Yan , Xie Yilan , Zhang Jing , Matsuyama Yusuke , Furuya Katsunori
Published: November 2024

Following the Great East Japan Earthquake, dark tourism was developed in the Tohoku Region of Japan. Notably, two government-built tsunami memorial parks in Ishinomaki and Rikuzentakata have obtained attention for their profound disaster narratives, iconic disaster sites, and expansive layouts. This study is the first to compare the projected destination image presented by destination management organizations with the perceived destination image held by visitors in these parks, and in dark tourism. Using online text data from both supply and demand sides of dark tourism and text mining analyses such as word frequency analysis, co-occurrence network analysis, and affection tendency examination, we revealed similarities and disparities between these two perspectives. Furthermore, this study concluded dimensions specific to dark tourism sites within the cognitive and affective destination image. Based on the findings, the study provides advice for destination managers to improve these sites, including developing non-dark tourism products and improving infrastructures. Additionally, it proposes placing greater emphasis on themes of revitalization and future development, while fostering visitor engagement in local non-profit and citizen activities to strengthen connections with residents. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of text mining in comparing projected and perceived destination images in the context of dark tourism sites.
Why Do Heterogeneous Outcomes Emerge in Urban Village Redevelopment? A Comparative Study of Four Cases in China
Authors: Yuan Dinghuan , Bao Haijun , Yau Yung , Lin Yancun
Published: November 2024

Successfully advancing the redevelopment of urban villages can unlock land resources for high-quality urban development. This study attempts to explain the heterogeneous outcomes of urban village redevelopment projects in China. A comparative case study method is adopted to analyze the transaction costs and the processes applied under distinct institutional arrangements. The analysis of four cases demonstrates how institutional arrangements affect transaction costs by creating a power structure that encompasses the different participants, who represent the different interests of constituent groups in exchanges of land and housing. This study demonstrates that institutional arrangements are not immutable. In addition to transaction costs, changes in the external institutional environment can alter institutional arrangements. Changes in relative prices and ideologies can also induce institutional changes. Subtle factors, such as issues indirectly linked to the redevelopment, can increase the transaction costs of achieving a consensus if policymakers ignore them in the initial policymaking stage. The findings contribute to a nuanced understanding of the heterogeneous outcomes of urban village redevelopment in China and will encourage local governments to take effective measures to ensure smooth urban village redevelopment.
Ecosystem Services’ Response to Land Use Intensity: A Case Study of the Hilly and Gully Region in China’s Loess Plateau
Authors: Zhang Zhongqian , Pan Huanli , Liu Yaqun , Sheng Shuangqing
Published: November 2024

The hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau represents one of China’s most ecologically vulnerable landscapes, characterized by severe soil erosion, intensive land use, and pronounced disturbances to the structure and functionality of ecosystem services. Taking Zichang City as a case study, this research integrates grid-scale analysis with the InVEST-PLUS model and bivariate spatial autocorrelation techniques to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics and inter-relations of four critical ecosystem services—carbon storage, water yield, biodiversity, and soil retention—under varying land use intensity scenarios from 1990 to 2035. The findings indicate that (1) between 1990 and 2020, land use intensity in Zichang City steadily declined, exhibiting a spatial distribution pattern typified by central-area clustering and gradual peripheral transitions. (2) Across three development scenarios, the spatial distribution of the four ecosystem services aligned with the patterns observed in 2020, with central areas showing pronounced fluctuations, whereas peripheral regions experienced relatively minor changes. Specifically, from 1990 to 2020, the proportion of low-carbon storage areas increased by 2.89%, and high water yield areas expanded by 9.45%, while the shares of low habitat quality and low soil retention areas decreased by 5.59% and 6.25%, respectively. (3) A significant spatial autocorrelation was observed between land use intensity and the four ecosystem services, with widespread cold and hot spots reflecting dynamic spatial clustering patterns. These results offer valuable insights for optimizing land use strategies, improving ecosystem service performance, and advancing ecological conservation and sustainable development initiatives.
Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Expressway Construction in China from 1999 to 2019 and Its Correlation with Regional Economic Growth
Authors: Liang Jialing , Zong Huiming
Published: November 2024

As one of the important factors affecting regional economic development, expressway construction has been a concern of scholars worldwide. China’s highway construction is relatively late compared with Western developed countries, but the speed is faster. The construction is in step with China’s high-speed economic growth stage. However, there is temporal and spatial heterogeneity in expressway construction and economic development across different regions of the world, which has not been fully documented in the current literature. Using panel data from 1999 to 2019 encompassing expressway construction and regional economic development indicators of 233 prefecture-level cities in China, this paper delves into the dynamics of expressway infrastructure development and its correlation with regional economic growth. Using regression analysis, the study provides the following key insights: (1) As of 2019, expressway density exhibits a spatial pattern characterized by a higher density in major urban clusters and provincial capitals and a lower density in northeastern China and border regions. Between 1999 and 2009, the eastern region witnessed the fastest increase in expressway density, while the central region surpassed the eastern region in density growth during 2009–2019. Over the past two decades, there has been a significant overall increase in expressway growth nationwide, with the distribution of prefecture-level cities experiencing relatively faster growth rates aligning with the principles of the “National Highway Network Planning”. (2) Although there has been an overall increase in per capita GDP among prefecture-level cities, there has also been a widening disparity between these cities. Meanwhile, the total GDP of the central and western regions has experienced notable growth, effectively closing the gap with the eastern region. While total GDP demonstrates balanced development, per capita GDP displays a more varied pattern of growth. (3) Expressway density has played a positive role in fostering regional economic growth across the country over the long term. However, its impact has been more pronounced in the western region from 1999 to 2009 and increasingly significant in the eastern and central regions from 2009 to 2019.
Specific Fertilization Practices Reveal Important Insights into the Complex Interaction Between Microbes and Enzymes in Soils of Different Farming Systems
Authors: Pintarič Maša , Štuhec Ana , Tratnik Eva , Langerholc Tomaž
Published: November 2024

The interaction of microorganisms and their enzyme activity is one of the key indicators for a comprehensive measurement of soil health. The aim of this study was to determine significant correlations between different soil microorganisms and enzyme activities of β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, urease, arylamidase, phosphatase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and arylsulfatase after supplementation with standard fertilizer, spent mushroom substrate and composed fertilizer in soils from conventional–integrated, organic and biodynamic farming. Samples were grouped according to the farming system and fertilization for all seasons. The biodynamic farm was the least affected by the different fertilizations, except for standard fertilization. Standard fertilizer caused negative correlations between the actinomycetes and the arylsulfatase in organic and biodynamic farms. The same fertilization affected the actinomycetes/phosphatase relationship differently, regardless of the basic soil structure. Actinomycetes correlated positively with acid phosphatase and urease in conventional–integrated and biodynamic farms after spent mushroom substrate, respectively. Arylamidase activity in relation to total microorganisms responded to fertilization with standard fertilizer and spent mushroom substrate independently of the basic soil structure. Fertilization can influence the soil microbe/enzyme relationships in different soils. Regardless of the basic soil structure, some of these relationships could be important indicators for further studies.
Defensive Medicine in an Emergency Department: The Overuse of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Testing
Authors: Sayyad Mohammed Hani , Levi Nir , Bruoha Sharon , Zalut Todd , Taha Louay , Karmi Mohammad , Perel Nimrod , Maller Tomer , Zacks Netanel , Sherm Maayan , Fink Noam , Sabouret Pierre , Nasir Khurram , Bar-Sheshet Sarit , Glikson Michael , Asher Elad
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Cardiac troponin I is routinely measured in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome. However, when a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) test is ordered without a clear clinical indication, unexpectedly elevated levels can lead to unnecessary diagnostic workups and inappropriate management. This study aimed to investigate physicians’ rationale for performing hs-cTnI tests in an emergency department (ED). Methods: In this prospective study, 1890 patients who underwent hs-cTnI measurement during their stay in an ED were included. Upon arrival, patients were classified into two groups based on their chief complaints: cardiac (36.6%) and non-cardiac (63.4%). Forty-seven ED physicians were asked to complete a questionnaire to assess their perspectives on the use of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) testing in the ED. Results: Out of the 47 ED physicians who responded to the questionnaire (94% response rate), 97.9% indicated that the purpose of hs-cTnI testing in the ED was to diagnose an acute cardiac event. However, 38.3% reported ordering hs-cTnI tests in non-cardiac patients due to medicolegal concerns. Additionally, 53% admitted to working under medicolegal pressure, and 50% believe they would have ordered fewer hs-cTnI tests if not for this medicolegal threat. Conclusions: defensive medicine is prevalent among ED physicians, and routine use of hs-cTnI testing as part of an evaluation can be explained in part by concern about liability and defensive medicine.
Exploring Endogenous Tryptamines: Overlooked Agents Against Fibrosis in Chronic Disease? A Narrative Review
Authors: Korsmo Hunter W.
Published: November 2024

Long regarded as illicit substances with no clinical value, N-dimethylated tryptamines—such as N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, and bufotenine—have been found to produce naturally in a wide variety of species, including humans. Known for their psychoactive effects through serotonin receptors (5-HTRs), N-dimethylated tryptamines are currently being reinvestigated clinically for their long-term benefits in mental disorders. Endogenous tryptamine is methylated by indolethylamine-N-methyltransferase (INMT), which can then serve as an agonist to pro-survival pathways, such as sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (SIGMAR1) signaling. Fibrogenic diseases, like metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), steatohepatitis (MASH), and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have shown changes in INMT and SIGMAR1 activity in the progression of disease pathogenesis. At the cellular level, endothelial cells and fibroblasts have been found to express INMT in various tissues; however, little is known about tryptamines in endothelial injury and fibrosis. In this review, I will give an overview of the biochemistry, molecular biology, and current evidence of INMT’s role in hepatic fibrogenesis. I will also discuss current pre-clinical and clinical findings of N-methylated tryptamines and highlight new and upcoming therapeutic strategies that may be adapted for mitigating fibrogenic diseases. Finally, I will mention recent findings for mutualistic gut bacteria influencing endogenous tryptamine signaling and metabolism.
On the Nucleation Rate of Confinement-Induced Liquidlike-to-Solidlike Phase Transitions
Authors: Xu Rong-Guang , Zhang Gunan , Liu Tianchen , Xiang Yuan , Leng Yongsheng
Published: November 2024

The confinement-induced liquidlike-to-solidlike phase transition is a well-documented phenomenon observed in both experimental and computational settings. In order to better understand the kinetics and thermodynamics of this process, this study uses molecular dynamics (MD) simulations employing four different methods to examine the nucleation rate of crystalline argon from a confined liquidlike state between two solid walls. The results demonstrate that all four methods produce the same nucleation rate within a factor of two. By analyzing the mean first-passage time (MFPT) and steady-state probability distribution of the largest cluster, the free energy barrier of nucleation is also extracted, which is in the same order of magnitude as kBT. These findings quantitatively explain why confinement-induced solidification is observed in direct brutal-force MD simulations and can occur simultaneously as the confinement approaches a critical thickness. This study also provides insight into the nature of heterogeneous nucleation in nanoconfinement.
Reinforcement Learning-Based Approach to Reduce Velocity Error in Car-Following for Autonomous Connected Vehicles
Authors: Tayab Abu , Li Yanwen , Syed Ahmad
Published: November 2024

This paper suggests an adaptive car-following strategy for autonomous connected vehicles (ACVs) that integrates a robust controller with an extended disturbance estimator (EDE) and reinforcement learning (RL) to improve performance in dynamic traffic environments. Traditional car-following methods struggle to handle external disturbances and uncertainties in vehicle dynamics. The suggested method addresses this by dynamically adjusting the EDE gain using RL, enabling the system to optimize its control strategy in real time continuously. Simulations were conducted in two scenarios, a single following vehicle and two following vehicles, each tracking a leading vehicle. Results showed significant improvements in velocity tracking, with the RL-based control method reducing velocity error by over 50% compared to conventional approaches. The technique also led to smoother acceleration control, enhancing stability and driving comfort. Quantitative metrics, such as total reward, velocity error, and acceleration magnitude, indicate that the suggested EDE-RL-based strategy provides a robust and adaptable solution for autonomous vehicle control. These findings indicate that RL, combined with robust control, can improve the performance and safety of ACV systems, making it suitable for broader applications in autonomous vehicle platooning and complex traffic scenarios, including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication.
Unbalanced Position Recognition of Rotor Systems Based on Long and Short-Term Memory Neural Networks
Authors: Cao Yiming , Shi Changzhi , Li Xuejun , Li Mingfeng , Bian Jie
Published: November 2024

Rotor unbalance stands as one of the primary causes of vibration and noise in rotating equipment. Accurate identification of unbalanced positions enables targeted measures for balance correction, thereby reducing vibration and noise levels and enhancing the operational efficiency and stability of the equipment. However, the complexity of rotor structures may lead to a diversity of vibration transmission paths, which complicates the identification of unbalanced positions. In this paper, an experimental platform for rotor systems is established to analyze the change patterns of vibration displacement in rotor systems at four unbalanced positions. Additionally, a rotor dynamics model is developed based on the finite element method and verified through experiments. Furthermore, an unbalanced rotor position identification method based on Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks is proposed. This method utilizes multiple sets of measured response data and simulated data from unbalanced rotor positions to train the LSTM network, achieving precise identification of unbalanced positions at various rotational speeds. The research results indicate that under subcritical, critical, and supercritical speeds, the identification accuracy based on measured data reaches 95.5%, while the accuracy based on simulated data remains at a high level of 90.5%. These results fully validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed model and identification method, providing new insights and technical means for identifying unbalanced rotor positions.
Anomaly Detection Based on Graph Convolutional Network–Variational Autoencoder Model Using Time-Series Vibration and Current Data
Authors: Choi Seung-Hwan , An Dawn , Lee Inho , Lee Suwoong
Published: November 2024

This paper proposes a deep learning-based anomaly detection method using time-series vibration and current data, which were obtained from endurance tests on driving modules applied in industrial robots and machine systems. Unlike traditional classification models that depend on labeled fault data for detection, acquiring sufficient fault data in real industrial environments is highly challenging due to various conditions and constraints. To address this issue, we employ a semi-supervised learning approach that relies solely on normal data to effectively detect abnormal patterns, overcoming the limitations of conventional methods. The performance of semi-supervised models was first validated using a statistical feature-based anomaly detection approach, from which the GCN-VAE model was adopted. By combining the spatial feature extraction capability of Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) with the latent temporal feature modeling of Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), our method can effectively detect abnormal signs in the data, particularly in the lead-up to system failures. The experimental results confirmed that the proposed GCN-VAE model outperformed existing hybrid deep learning models in terms of anomaly detection performance in the pre-failure section.
Weyl-Type Theorems of Upper Triangular Relation Matrices
Authors: Du Yanyan , Huang Junjie
Published: November 2024

The spectral theory of operator matrices has several applications in elasticity, quantum mechanics, fluid dynamics, and other fields of mathematical physics. The study of operator matrices is more challenging when the involved operators are not single-valued and should be studied in the context of the theory of relations. In this paper, we utilize the connection between linear relations and their induced operators and use space decomposition methods to characterize the distribution of the spectrum for upper triangular relation matrices. We undertake the same for the essential spectrum, Weyl spectrum, and Browder spectrum. Under certain conditions, we obtain a Browder-type theorem and a Weyl-type theorem for such relation matrices.
Iterative Optimization RCO: A “Ruler & Compass” Deterministic Method
Authors: Clerc Maurice
Published: November 2024

We present a basic version of a deterministic iterative optimization algorithm that requires only one parameter and is often capable of finding a good solution after very few evaluations of the fitness function. We demonstrate its principles using a multimodal one-dimensional problem. For such problems, the algorithm could be applied with just a ruler and a compass, which is how it got its name. We also provide classical examples and compare its performance with six well-known stochastic optimizers. These comparisons highlight the strengths and weaknesses of RCO. Since this version does not address potential stagnation, it is best suited for low-dimensional problems (typically no more than ten), where each evaluation of a position in the search space is computationally expensive.
Efficient Estimation and Response Variable Selection in Sparse Partial Envelope Model
Authors: Wu Yu , Zhang Jing
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we propose a sparse partial envelope model that performs response variable selection efficiently under the partial envelope model. We discuss its theoretical properties including consistency, an oracle property and the asymptotic distribution of the sparse partial envelope estimator. A large-sample situation and high-dimensional situation are both considered. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the sparse partial envelope estimator has excellent response variable selection performance both in the large-sample situation and the high-dimensional situation. Moreover, simulation studies and real data analysis suggest that the sparse partial envelope estimator has a much more competitive performance than the standard estimator, the oracle partial envelope estimator, the active partial envelope estimator and the sparse envelope estimator, whether it is in the large-sample situation or the high-dimensional situation.
Development of Novel Squid Gladius Biomaterials for Cornea Tissue Engineering
Authors: Garzón Ingrid , Muñoz-Hurtado Juan , Pereira-Martínez Juan , Ionescu Ana M. , Cardona Juan de la Cruz , Tejada-Casado María , Pérez María del Mar , Campos Fernando , Chato-Astrain Jesús , Alaminos Miguel
Published: November 2024

Cornea tissue engineering is strictly dependent on the development of biomaterials that fulfill the strict biocompatibility, biomechanical, and optical requirements of this organ. In this work, we generated novel biomaterials from the squid gladius (SG), and their application in cornea tissue engineering was evaluated. Results revealed that the native SG (N-SG) was biocompatible in laboratory animals, although a local inflammatory reaction was driven by the material. Cellularized biomaterials (C-SG) demonstrated that the SG provides an adequate substrate for cell attachment and growth, and corneal epithelial cells cultured on this biomaterial were able to express crystallin alpha, a marker for this type of cells. Biomechanical analyses showed that N-SG biomaterials have higher Young modulus and lower traction deformation than control native corneas (CTR), and C-SG showed a similar Young modulus than CTR. Analysis of the optical properties of these samples revealed that the diffuse transmittance of N-SG and C-SG were higher than CTR, with the diffuse reflectance showing the opposite behavior. These results confirm the putative usefulness of this abundant marine-derived biomaterial that can be obtained as a byproduct of the fishing industry.
A Higher Charlson Comorbidity Index Is a Risk Factor for Hip Fracture in Older Adults During Low-Temperature Periods: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Chiang Ming-Hsiu , Kuo Yi-Jie , Huang Shu-Wei , Tran Duy Nguyen Anh , Chuang Tai-Yuan , Chen Yu-Pin , Lin Chung-Ying
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives: The incidence of hip fractures is increasing, and there have been reports linking cold weather to a higher risk of fractures. This study aimed to evaluate clinical variables in hip fracture patients who may predispose them to such fractures under different temperatures. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at a single medical center, enrolling older adults (≥60 years) who had experienced a hip fracture. Comprehensive clinical histories and detailed information regarding each patient’s hip fracture were obtained. All meteorological data were extracted from the Taiwan Central Weather Bureau database. Multiple clinical parameters that may have a close connection with the temperature at which the hip fracture occurred were screened. Statistical analysis involved using the Pearson correlation test or the independent Student’s t test, followed by generalized estimating equation analysis. Results: The cohort comprised 506 older adults with hip fractures. Initial univariate analysis revealed that a history of past cerebrovascular diseases, Charlson Comorbidity Index, patient age, and preinjury Barthel Index were significantly related to the temperature at which the hip fractures occurred. The generalized estimating equation analysis indicated that only the Charlson Comorbidity Index had a considerably inverse association with temperature. This finding suggests that for older adults with a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, hip fractures tend to occur at lower temperatures and vice versa. Conclusions: Comorbidities are the only clinical concern that predisposes older adults to hip fractures under colder temperatures. This epidemiological finding could guide future patient education and hip fracture prevention programs.
The Manufacture and Investigation of 3D Current Collectors in a Lithium Ion Battery Obtained by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Repnin Arseniy , Borisov Evgenii , Kosenko Alexandra , Pushnitsa Konstantin , Novikov Pavel , Popovich Anatoliy
Published: November 2024

The use of additive manufacturing to fabricate current collectors with increased surface area opens new opportunities for controlling electrode morphology, improving conductivity, and thereby boosting the overall performance of batteries. This can be achieved by increasing the contact area between the active mass and the current collector. This paper focuses on the investigation of 3D current collectors with an enhanced surface area for cathodes obtained by laser powder bed fusion. The quality and dimensional accuracy of the 3D current collector structures as well as the electrical characteristics and longevity of batteries were analyzed in this study. It has been demonstrated that the utilization of printing parameters comprising a laser power of 200 W, a scanning speed of 500 mm/s, and a hatch distance of 0.25 mm, with a layer thickness of 0.03 mm, results in a decrease in the number of defects in the 3D current collector. In the first cycle, the capacitance characteristics exhibited discharge capacities of 189.79 mAh/g for Al-f and 192.06 mAh/g for AlSi10Mg. The Coulomb efficiencies for the samples were 86 and 92.5%, respectively. Anisotropy of conductive properties arises during the printing process, which must be considered when designing the 3D current collectors, as it may have an impact on the capacitive and cyclic characteristics of the samples.
Low-Temperature Bonding for Heterogeneous Integration of Silicon Chips with Nanocrystalline Diamond Films
Authors: Lu Jicun , Lv Xiaochun , Zhang Chenghao , Zhang Chuting , Liu Yang
Published: November 2024

Integrating nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films on silicon chips has great practical significance and many potential applications, including high-power electronic devices, microelectromechanical systems, optoelectronic devices, and biosensors. In this study, we provide a solution for ensuring heterogeneous interface integration between silicon (Si) chips and NCD films using low-temperature bonding technology. This paper details the design and implementation of a magnetron sputtering layer on an NCD surface, as well as the materials and process for the connection layer of the integrated interface. The obtained NCD/Ti/Cu composite layer shows uniform island-like Cu nanostructures with 100~200 nm diameters, which could promote bonding between NCD and Si chips. Ultimately, a heterogeneous interface preparation of Si/Ag/Cu/Ti/NCD was achieved, with the integration temperature not exceeding 250 °C. The TEM analysis shows the closely packed atomic interface of the Cu NPs and deposited Ti/Cu layers, revealing the bonding mechanism.
Microfluidic Technologies in Advancing Cancer Research
Authors: Ajikumar Arjun , Lei Kin Fong
Published: November 2024

This review explores the significant role of microfluidic technologies in advancing cancer research, focusing on the below key areas: droplet-based microfluidics, organ-on-chip systems, paper-based microfluidics, electrokinetic chips, and microfluidic chips for the study of immune response. Droplet-based microfluidics allows precise manipulation of cells and three-dimensional microtissues, enabling high-throughput experiments that reveal insights into cancer cell migration, invasion, and drug resistance. Organ-on-chip systems replicate human organs to assess drug efficacy and toxicity, particularly in the liver, heart, kidney, gut, lung, and brain. Paper-based microfluidics offers an alternative approach to accomplish rapid diagnostics and cell- and tissue-based bioassays. Electrokinetic microfluidic chips offer precise control over cell positioning and behavior, facilitating drug screening and cellular studies. Immune response studies leverage real-time observation of interactions between immune and cancer cells, supporting the development of immunotherapies. These microfluidic advances are paving the way for personalized cancer treatments while addressing challenges of scalability, cost, and clinical integration.
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Boosting Crop Resilience to Environmental Stresses
Authors: Nie Wenjing , He Qinghai , Guo Hongen , Zhang Wenjun , Ma Lan , Li Junlin , Wen Dan
Published: November 2024

Amid escalating challenges from global climate change and increasing environmental degradation, agricultural systems worldwide face a multitude of abiotic stresses, including drought, salinity, elevated temperatures, heavy metal pollution, and flooding. These factors critically impair crop productivity and yield. Simultaneously, biotic pressures such as pathogen invasions intensify the vulnerability of agricultural outputs. At the heart of mitigating these challenges, Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AM fungi) form a crucial symbiotic relationship with most terrestrial plants, significantly enhancing their stress resilience. AM fungi improve nutrient uptake, particularly that of nitrogen and phosphorus, through their extensive mycelial networks. Additionally, they enhance soil structure, increase water use efficiency, and strengthen antioxidant defense mechanisms, particularly in environments stressed by drought, salinity, extreme temperatures, heavy metal contamination, and flooding. Beyond mitigating abiotic stress, AM fungi bolster plant defenses against pathogens and pests by competing for colonization sites and enhancing plant immune responses. They also facilitate plant adaptation to extreme environmental conditions by altering root morphology, modulating gene expression, and promoting the accumulation of osmotic adjustment compounds. This review discusses the role of AM fungi in enhancing plant growth and performance under environmental stress.