bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A plethora of isomerization processes and hydrogen scrambling in the fragmentation of the methanol dimer cation: a PEPICO study
Authors: Wu Xiangkun , Zhou Xiaoguo , Bjelić Saša , Hemberger Patrick , Sztáray Bálint , Bodi Andras
Published: December 2021

Photoelectron photoion coincidence reveals two new dissociative ionization channels in the methanol dimer, including C–C bond formation, and establishes the H-scrambling mechanism by partial deuteration.
Phase separation mechanism for a unified understanding of dissipative pattern formation in a Liesegang system
Authors: Itatani Masaki , Fang Qing , Lagzi István , Nabika Hideki
Published: December 2021

We develop a novel experimental system to study dissipative pattern formation in a Liesegang system driven by a macroscopic phase-separation mechanism by applying the pH-induced aggregation of gold nanoparticles.
Plasmon resonance and enhanced near-field of anisotropic nanoparticle systems: unified analysis by factorization of light-excited dipole distribution
Authors: Matsui Masafuyu , Nakamura Hisao
Published: December 2021

A plasmon resonance mechanism based on factorization of the dipole distribution is reported.
Water-soluble and dispersible porous organic polymers: preparation, functions and applications
Authors: Yu Shang-Bo , Lin Furong , Tian Jia , Yu Junlai , Zhang Dan-Wei , Li Zhan-Ting
Published: December 2021

Water-solubility and dispersibility endow porous organic polymers with many valuable characteristics. This Tutorial review summarizes their preparation and diverse functions that are achieved mainly based on guest adsorption and loading in water.
Theoretical aspects of the growth of a non-Kossel crystal from vapours: the role of advacancies
Authors: Redkov Alexey , Kukushkin Sergey
Published: December 2021

The theory of the growth of a multicomponent crystal, considering the diffusion and generation of advacancies and applied stress, is developed.
Furfural – a versatile, biomass-derived platform chemical for the production of renewable chemicals
Authors: Jaswal Anurag , Singh Piyush Pratap , Mondal Tarak
Published: December 2021

Furfural is an excellent and green platform chemical for the production of value-added chemicals.
Tunable Cu–M bimetal catalysts enable syngas electrosynthesis from carbon dioxide
Authors: Xiong Bo , Liu Jing , Yang Yingju , Ding Junyan , Hua Zhixuan
Published: December 2021

Cu–M bimetal catalysts show excellent catalytic activity towards the CO2 reduction reaction.
Methyltrioxorhenium (MTO) catalysis in the epoxidation of alkenes: a synthetic overview
Authors: Verma Saumya , Joshi Asha , De Saroj Ranjan , Jat Jawahar L.
Published: December 2021

Epoxides are biologically important moiety that is also used as synthetic intermediates. This review aims to present the up-to-date advancements in methyltrioxorhenium (MTO)-catalyzed epoxidation of alkenes using diverse oxidizing agents.
Construction of a hydrangea-like Bi2WO6/BiOCl composite as a high-performance photocatalyst
Authors: Jiang Haiyan , Li Yang , Wang Xu , Hong Xiaodong
Published: December 2021

Bi2WO6 flower-like microspheres were acted as porous templates for depositing BiOCl to prepare a hydrangea-like Bi2WO6/BiOCl composite. The Bi2WO6/BiOCl heterojunction exhibits a high photocatalytic activity under visible light.
Europium modified TiO2 as a high-rate long-cycle life anode material for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Li Jian , Cai Yanjun , Yao Xiang , Tian Hualing , Su Zhi
Published: December 2021

Oxygen vacancies and Ti3+ were produced by Eu3+/Eu2+ doped TiO2, which features excellent rate performance and long-term stability.
Refractory elements in the gas phase for comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Rubin Martin , Altwegg Kathrin , Berthelier Jean-Jacques , Combi Michael R. , De Keyser Johan , Dhooghe Frederik , Fuselier Stephen , Gombosi Tamas I. , Hänni Nora , Müller Daniel , Pestoni Boris , Wampfler Susanne F. , Wurz Peter
Published: December 2021

Context. Gas-phase sodium, silicon, potassium, and calcium were previously identified in mass spectra recorded in the coma of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, the target of the European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission. The major release process for these atoms was identified as sputtering by the solar wind. More recently, remote observations of numerous comets over a range in heliocentric distances revealed the presence of metal atoms of iron and nickel that had been released either from the nucleus or from a distributed source with a short scale length. Sputtering, however, has been dismissed as a major release process due to the attenuation of the solar wind in the comae of some of the observed targets.

Aims. We investigated the presence of refractory species in the gas phase of the coma of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. This investigation includes a period close to perihelion when the solar wind was likely absent from the near-nucleus region due to the increased cometary activity. Additionally, we extended our search to iron and nickel.

Methods. We analyzed in situ data from the Rosetta/ROSINA Double Focusing Mass Spectrometer DFMS.

Results. We found that gas-phase silicon was present throughout the Rosetta mission. Furthermore, the presence of sodium and iron atoms near the comet’s perihelion confirms that sputtering cannot be the sole release process for refractory elements into the gas phase. Nickel was found to be below the detection limit. The search for parent species of any of the identified gas phase refractories has not been successful. Upper limits for a suite of possible fragment species (SiH, SiC, NaH, etc.) of larger parent and daughter species have been obtained. Furthermore, Si did not exhibit the same drop in signal as do common cometary gases when the spacecraft is pointed away from the nucleus. The combined results suggest that a direct release of elemental species from small grains on the surface of the nucleus or from small grains in the surrounding coma is a more likely explanation than the previous assumption of release via the dissociation of gaseous parent molecules.
Bridging the multiscale hybrid-mixed and multiscale hybrid high-order methods
Authors: Chaumont-Frelet Théophile , Ern Alexandre , Lemaire Simon , Valentin Frédéric
Published: December 2021

We establish the equivalence between the Multiscale Hybrid-Mixed (MHM) and the Multiscale Hybrid High-Order (MsHHO) methods for a variable diffusion problem with piecewise polynomial source term. Under the idealized assumption that the local problems defining the multiscale basis functions are exactly solved, we prove that the equivalence holds for general polytopal (coarse) meshes and arbitrary approximation orders. We also leverage the interchange of properties to perform a unified convergence analysis, as well as to improve on both methods.
Pflegekammer: aktueller Stand
Authors: Zergiebel Dominik
Published: December 2021

Sie sollen die Qualität in der Pflege sichern und die Interessen der Pflegenden vertreten: Pflegekammern. Wie sie organisiert sind und wofür sie sich einsetzen, erklärt unser Autor am Beispiel der Pflegekammer Nordrhein-Westfalen.
Acquisition of a Dose Management System with Consideration of Medico-Legal and Economic Aspects
Authors: Do Thuy Duong , Melzig Claudius , Kauczor Hans-Ulrich , Weber Marc-André , Wielpütz Mark Oliver
Published: December 2021

Background New radiation protection regulation encompassing additional obligations for monitoring, reporting and recording of radiation exposure, was enacted on December 31, 2018. As a consequence, dose management systems (DMS) are necessary to fulfill the requirements. The process of selection, acquisition and implementation of a suitable IT solution for this purpose is a challenge that all X-ray-applying facilities, including hospitals and private practices, are currently facing.

Method A target/actual-analysis as well as a cost-utility analysis is presented for this specific case as a foundation for the acquisition decision-making process.

Result An actual analysis is necessary in order to record the current status of dose documentation. An interdivisional approach is recommended to include all imaging modalities and devices. An interdisciplinary steering committee can be helpful in enabling consensus and rapid action. A target analysis includes additional criteria with respect to ease of operation, technical feasibility, process optimization and research opportunities to consider in addition to the statutory requirements. By means of a cost-benefit analysis, considerations between costs and the individually weighted advantages and disadvantages of eligible DMS result in a ranking of preference for the available solutions.

Conclusion Requirements of a DMS can be summarized in a specification sheet. Deploying an actual condition analysis, target state analysis and cost-utility analysis can help to identify a suitable DMS to achieve rapid commissioning and highest possible user acceptance while optimizing costs at the same time.

Key Points:

Citation Format
Test–Retest Reliability and Construct Validity of the German Translation of the Gait Outcome Assessment List (GOAL) Questionnaire for Children with Ambulatory Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Bonfert Michaela V. , Jelesch Evelyn , Schroeder A. Sebastian , Hartmann Julia , Koenig Helene , Warken Birgit , Meuche Anne , Jung Nicolai H. , Bernius Peter , Weinberger Raphael , Sorg Anna Lisa , von Kries Rüdiger , Narayanan Unni G. , Hoesl Matthias , Berweck Steffen
Published: December 2021

The Gait Outcome Assessment List (GOAL) is a patient or caregiver-reported assessment of gait-related function across different domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) developed for ambulant children with cerebral palsy (CP). So far, the questionnaire is only available in English. The aim of this study was to translate the GOAL into German and to evaluate its reliability and validity by studying the association between GOAL scores and gross motor function as categorized by the gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) in children with cerebral palsy (CP). The GOAL was administered to primary caregivers of n = 91 children and adolescents with CP (n = 32, GMFCS levels I; n = 27, GMFCS level II; and n = 32, GMFCS level III) and n = 15 patients were capable of independently completing the whole questionnaire (GMFCS level I). For assessing test–retest reliability, the questionnaire was completed for a second time 2 weeks after the first by the caregivers of n = 36 patients. Mean total GOAL scores decreased significantly with increasing GMFCS levels with scores of 71 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 66.90–74.77) for GMFCS level I, 56 (95% CI: 50.98–61.86) for GMFCS level II, and 45 (95% CI: 40.58–48.48) for GMFCS level III, respectively. In three out of seven domains, caregivers rated their children significantly lower than children rated themselves. The test–retest reliability was excellent as was internal consistency given the GOAL total score. The German GOAL may serve as a much needed patient-reported outcome measure of gait-related function in ambulant children and adolescents with CP.
Raman scattering study of the rare-earth binary ferroborate Nd0.75Dy0.25Fe3(BO3)4 single crystal
Authors: Glamazda A. Yu. , Gnezdilov V. P. , Lemmens P. , Zvyagina G. A. , Gudim I. A.
Published: December 2021

We report comprehensive Raman scattering measurements on a single crystal of binary ferroborate Nd0.75Dy0.25Fe3(BO3)4 in the temperature range of 7–295 K with 532 nm (18797 cm−1) laser excitation. The performed analysis of the polarized Raman spectra revealed the bands assigned to phonon, magnetic, and electronic excitations. The temperature evolution of these quasiparticle excitations has allowed us to ascertain the intricate coupling and interplay between lattice, magnetic, and electronic degrees of freedom. Analysis of the measured Raman spectra made it possible to identify all A1 and E phonon modes predicted by the group-theoretical analysis. The splitting energies between the LO and TO components of the polar E phonons were determined. Below the magnetic ordering temperature of the Fe sublattice, TN, we have revealed a multiple peaked two-magnon excitation. Analyzing the temperature evolution of low-frequency modes in the spectra, we also identified modes that are associated with electronic transitions between the crystal field levels of the Nd3+ ions with ground-state 4I9/2 and of the Dy3+ ions with ground-state 6H15/2 multiplets. In addition to the already known temperatures of magnetic transitions, analysis of the temperature behavior of low-frequency phonon and electronic excitations made it possible to establish a temperature T* = 100 K, presumably associated with local distortions of the crystal lattice. The presence of this temperature is confirmed by our ultrasonic study. A group of intense bands observed in the frequency range 1700–2200 cm−1 has been associated with the mixed low-lying electronic Raman transitions 4I9/2→4I11/2 and the high-energy luminescence ones 4G5/2+2G7/2→4I9/2 for the Nd3+ ion.
Hydrogen storage properties, structural analysis, elastic and electronic properties of K2PdH4
Authors: Al S. , Kurkcu C.
Published: December 2021

Density functional theory is adopted to study phase transitions and structural, elastic, and electronic properties of hydrogen storage K2PdH4. First, the structural evolution of K2PdH4 is investigated under high pressure along with the hydrogen storage properties. In the ambient conditions, K2PdH4 crystallizes in a tetragonal structure with space group I4/mmm. As the pressure is increased gradually on the crystal, a phase transition is recorded to the orthorhombic structure with space group Immm. Subsequently, the density of states and electronic band structures are obtained for each phase. Mechanical properties such as ductility and brittleness are investigated using elastic constants which are crucial parameters for solid-state hydrogen storage materials. Moreover, several properties are analyzed using Young, shear and bulk modulus to reveal the bonding characteristics of K2PdH4.
Biintercalate layered heterostructure: synthesis conditions and physical properties
Authors: Ivashchyshyn F. O. , Maksymych V. M. , Krushelnytska T. D. , Rybak O. V. , Seredyuk B. O. , Tovstyuk N. K.
Published: December 2021

The biintercalation of the layered GaSe semiconductor is carried out by ferroelectric and ferromagnetic guest components. Due to the separation of guest components, the GaSe  nanohybrid has a spatial-scale hybridity, which is due to the alternation of nanoscale regions of one phase with meso- or microdimensions of another. The results of electrical conductivity studies by impedance spectroscopy indicate a 250-fold increase after biintercalation of the GaSe single crystal, due to delocalized current carriers. Confirmation of a significant change in the impurity energy spectrum after biintercalation was obtained by the method of thermally stimulated discharge—GaSe nanohybrid  is characterized by a quasi-continuous spectrum in the entire temperature range of measurements and relaxation of the heterocharge. The GaSe  nano-hybrid is characterized by a high dielectric constant while a tangent of the dielectric loss angle is less than 1 in the high- frequency region of the spectrum. That opens the prospect of its use for the manufacture of high-quality radio- frequency capacitors. Changes in the impurity energy spectrum are investigated for low temperatures in the virtual crystal model, taking into account the Fivazov dispersion law both for the conductivity band and for the two impurity bands. The appearance of an additional gap in the spectrum of impurity states is established and its shift is investigated depending on the concentration of intercalants of different nature—intercalant-acceptor type and donor.
Coupling-managed criticality in nonlinear dynamics of an integrable exciton-phonon system on a one-dimensional lattice
Authors: Vakhnenko Oleksiy O.
Published: December 2021

A one-dimensional nonlinear dynamical system of coupled intra-site excitations and lattice vibrations is studied. The system as a whole is shown to be integrable in the Lax sense and it admits the exact four-component analytical solution demonstrating the pronounced mutual influence between the interacting subsystems in the form of essentially nonlinear superposition of two principally distinct types of traveling waves. The interplay between the coupling strength and the parameter of localization causes the criticality of system's dynamics manifested as the dipole-monopole transition in the spatial distribution of intra-site excitations.
Stochastic gradient descent and fast relaxation to thermodynamic equilibrium: A stochastic control approach
Authors: Breiten Tobias , Hartmann Carsten , Neureither Lara , Sharma Upanshu
Published: December 2021

We study the convergence to equilibrium of an underdamped Langevin equation that is controlled by a linear feedback force. Specifically, we are interested in sampling the possibly multimodal invariant probability distribution of a Langevin system at small noise (or low temperature), for which the dynamics can easily get trapped inside metastable subsets of the phase space. We follow Chen et al. [J. Math. Phys. 56, 113302 (2015)] and consider a Langevin equation that is simulated at a high temperature, with the control playing the role of a friction that balances the additional noise so as to restore the original invariant measure at a lower temperature. We discuss different limits as the temperature ratio goes to infinity and prove convergence to a limit dynamics. It turns out that, depending on whether the lower (“target”) or the higher (“simulation”) temperature is fixed, the controlled dynamics converges either to the overdamped Langevin equation or to a deterministic gradient flow. This implies that (a) the ergodic limit and the large temperature separation limit do not commute in general and that (b) it is not possible to accelerate the speed of convergence to the ergodic limit by making the temperature separation larger and larger. We discuss the implications of these observations from the perspective of stochastic optimization algorithms and enhanced sampling schemes in molecular dynamics.
Novel two-tone measurement of the nonlinearity and memory effects of mixers in different amplitude regions of large carrier signals
Authors: Zhang Bowei , Tong Ling , Gao Bo , Gong Xun , Gu Zongjing , Yang Baoguo , Li Shubiao , Liang Shengli , Nian Fushun
Published: December 2021

The conventional two-tone test method cannot measure the amplitude and phase of IM3 products under different operating conditions. The nonlinearity and memory effects of mixers under different operating conditions have not been characterized in existing research. This paper presents a new two-tone measurement method for characterizing the nonlinearity and memory effects of mixers under the excitation of large carrier signals of different amplitudes. This new test method differs from the conventional two-tone test in that the two-tone test signal is superimposed on a large carrier signal. The role of the large carrier signal is to excite mixers into different operating conditions. The amplitude and phase of the IM3 product of the mixer could be measured to characterize the nonlinearity and memory effects under different operating conditions using this method. This novel method is based on a vector network analyzer (VNA) and signal generator (SG). Compared with the conventional method of only using a spectrum analyzer and SG, the VNA can remove the system error through a calibration algorithm to ensure the accuracy of the IM3 product measurement results. The measurement results, for the first time, demonstrated the nonlinearity and memory effects of mixers in different amplitude regions of a large carrier signal. These findings are advantageous and can facilitate further research to simplify the digital pre-distortion model of mixers under different operating conditions.
Soft matter dynamics: A versatile microgravity platform to study dynamics in soft matter
Authors: Born P. , Braibanti M. , Cristofolini L. , Cohen-Addad S. , Durian D. J. , Egelhaaf S. U. , Escobedo-Sánchez M. A. , Höhler R. , Karapantsios T. D. , Langevin D. , Liggieri L. , Pasquet M. , Rio E. , Salonen A. , Schröter M. , Sperl M. , Sütterlin R. , Zuccolotto-Bernez A. B.
Published: December 2021

We describe an experiment container with light scattering and imaging diagnostics for experiments on soft matter aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The suite of measurement capabilities can be used to study different materials in exchangeable sample cell units. The currently available sample cell units and future possibilities for foams, granular media, and emulsions are presented in addition to an overview of the design and the diagnostics of the experiment container. First results from measurements performed on ground and during the commissioning aboard the ISS highlight the capabilities of the experiment container to study the different materials.
Uncovering the symmetry of the induced ferroelectric phase transformation in polycrystalline barium titanate
Authors: Lemos da Silva Lucas , Lee Kai-Yang , Petrick Simon , Etter Martin , Schökel Alexander , Chaves Cesar Giovanni , Oliveira da Silva Nilson , Lalitha K. V. , Picht Gunnar , Hoffmann Michael J. , Hinterstein Manuel
Published: December 2021

Microstructural design is a widespread approach to tailor the properties of functional materials with the size effect being an effective constraint that modifies physical phenomena. In this work, we investigate the grain size effect on the properties and the electric field induced phase transformation behavior in barium titanate. A broad range of unimodal average grain size distribution between 0.4 and 15 μm was successfully sintered avoiding abnormal grain growth. Samples with a grain size close to the range of 1–2 μm, balancing microstructural strain, presence, and mobility of domain walls to allow the field induced crystal phase transformation, showed optimal electromechanical and dielectric properties. By means of in situ high energy x-ray diffraction and a high-resolution multianalyzer detector, we distinguish and quantify a tetragonal–orthorhombic phase transformation induced by an electric field, providing unambiguous proof of this induced phase transformation. These results contribute to the understanding of fundamental questions about the piezoelectric effect in barium titanate and consequently other similar systems.
Spiral high-speed scanning tunneling microscopy: Tracking atomic diffusion on the millisecond timescale
Authors: Gura L. , Yang Z. , Brinker M. , Kalaß F. , Kirstaedter W. , Marschalik P. , Junkes H. , Heyde M. , Freund H.-J.
Published: December 2021

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is one of the most prominent techniques to resolve atomic structures of flat surfaces and thin films. With the scope to answer fundamental questions in physics and chemistry, it was used to elucidate numerous sample systems at the atomic scale. However, dynamic sample systems are difficult to resolve with STM due to the long acquisition times of typically more than 100 s per image. Slow electronic feedback loops, slow data acquisition, and the conventional raster scan limit the scan speed. Raster scans introduce mechanical noise to the image and acquire data discontinuously. Due to the backward and upward scan or the flyback movement of the tip, image acquisition times are doubled or even quadrupled. By applying the quasi-constant height mode and by using a combination of high-speed electronics for data acquisition and innovative spiral scan patterns, we could increase the frame rate in STM significantly. In the present study, we illustrate the implementation of spiral scan geometries and focus on the scanner input signal and the image visualization. Constant linear and constant angular velocity spirals were tested on the Ru(0001) surface to resolve chemisorbed atomic oxygen. The spatial resolution of the spiral scans is comparable to slow raster scans, while the imaging time was reduced from ∼100 s to ∼8 ms. Within 8 ms, oxygen diffusion processes were atomically resolved.
Construction of meta-GGA functionals through restoration of exact constraint adherence to regularized SCAN functionals
Authors: Furness James W. , Kaplan Aaron D. , Ning Jinliang , Perdew John P. , Sun Jianwei
Published: December 2021

The strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) meta-GGA exchange–correlation functional [Sun et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 036402 (2015)] is constructed as a chemical environment-determined interpolation between two separate energy densities: one describes single-orbital electron densities accurately and another describes slowly varying densities accurately. To conserve constraints known for the exact exchange–correlation functional, the derivatives of this interpolation vanish in the slowly varying limit. While theoretically convenient, this choice introduces numerical challenges that degrade the functional’s efficiency. We have recently reported a modification to the SCAN meta-GGA, termed restored-regularized-SCAN (r2SCAN) [Furness et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11, 8208 (2020)], that introduces two regularizations into SCAN, which improve its numerical performance at the expense of not recovering the fourth order term of the slowly varying density gradient expansion for exchange. Here, we show the derivation of a progression of density functional approximations [regularized SCAN (rSCAN), r++SCAN, r2SCAN, and r4SCAN] with increasing adherence to exact conditions while maintaining a smooth interpolation. The greater smoothness of r2SCAN seems to lead to better general accuracy than the additional exact constraint of SCAN or r4SCAN does.
Spatiotemporal evolution of a self-excited dust density wave in a nanodusty plasma under strong Havnes effect
Authors: Chutia Bidyut , Deka T. , Bailung Y. , Sharma D. , Sharma S. K. , Bailung H.
Published: December 2021

A broad-spectrum self-excited dust density wave is experimentally studied in a vertically extended nanodusty plasma consisting of in situ grown carbonaceous nanometer sized particles. The nanodusty plasma having high particle density (of the order of 1012–1013 m−3) is created with vertical extension up to (40±0.1) cm and radial extension up to (5±0.1) cm. The propagation of the self-excited dust density wave under strong Havnes effect is examined over a large axial distance (19±0.1) cm. Time-resolved Hilbert transformation and Fast Fourier transformation techniques are used to study the spatiotemporal evolution of frequency and wavenumbers along three directions from the dust void, viz., axial, radial, and oblique. The propagation is found to be inhomogeneous throughout the dust cloud. The phase velocity of the wave is estimated to be quite low and decreasing along the direction of propagation. This effect is attributed to the strong reduction of particle charge due to a high Havnes parameter along the propagation direction. By the estimation of average particle charge, ion density, and the finite electric field throughout the nanodust cloud, a quantitative analysis of the void formation in nanodusty plasma is presented. New insights are also made regarding wave merging phenomena using time-resolved Hilbert transformation.
Mechanism of H
+
dissociation–induced O–O bond formation via intramolecular coupling of vicinal hydroxo ligands on low-valent Ru(III) centers
Authors: Tanahashi Yuki , Takahashi Kosuke , Tsubonouchi Yuta , Nozawa Shunsuke , Adachi Shin-ichi , Hirahara Masanari , Mohamed Eman A. , Zahran Zaki N. , Saito Kenji , Yui Tatsuto , Yagi Masayuki
Published: December 2021

Significance

The understanding of O–O bond formation is of great importance for revealing the mechanism of water oxidation in photosynthesis and for developing efficient catalysts for water oxidation in artificial photosynthesis. The O–O bond formation was first observed from low-valent Ru
III
OH centers, although the high-valent Ru
IV or V
has been believed to be required for this process so far. The O–O bond formation was demonstrated to be induced by deprotonation of one of the OH ligands of Ru
III
2
(OH)
2
centers via intramolecular coupling of the OH and deprotonated O
−
ligands, conjugated with two-electron transfer from two Ru
III
centers to their ligands to generated Ru
II
2
(μ-OOH).
Tetramerization of STAT5 promotes autoimmune-mediated neuroinflammation
Authors: Monaghan Kelly L. , Aesoph Drake , Ammer Amanda G. , Zheng Wen , Rahimpour Shokofeh , Farris Breanne Y. , Spinner Camille A. , Li Peng , Lin Jian-Xin , Yu Zu-Xi , Lazarevic Vanja , Hu Gangqing , Leonard Warren J. , Wan Edwin C. K.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease that impacts the central nervous system. A murine model of MS, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is used to determine the mechanism of MS pathogenesis. STAT5 is a transcription factor that plays a critical role in mediating cellular responses following cytokine stimulation. Activated STAT5 proteins undergo functional dimerization and tetramerization. This study demonstrates that STAT5 tetramers promote the pathogenesis of EAE. STAT5 tetramers facilitate the interactions between Th17 cells and monocyte-derived cells (MDCs) in the meninges. In addition, the STAT5 tetramer-mediated expression of the chemokine CCL17 in MDCs promotes Th17 cell extravasation in the meninges. Thus, our study identified a GM-CSF-STAT5 tetramer-CCL17 pathway that can be therapeutically targeted.
Members of the KCTD family are major regulators of cAMP signaling
Authors: Muntean Brian S. , Marwari Subhi , Li Xiaona , Sloan Douglas C. , Young Brian D. , Wohlschlegel James A. , Martemyanov Kirill A.
Published: December 2021

Significance

Neuromodulation is pivotal for brain function. One of the key pathways engaged by neuromodulators is signaling via second messenger cAMP, which controls a myriad of fundamental reactions. This study identifies KCTD5, a ubiquitin ligase adapter, as a regulatory element in this pathway and determines that it works by an unusual dual mode controlling the activity of cAMP-generating enzyme in neurons through both zinc transport and G protein signaling.
Single-crystalline silicon nanomembrane thin-film transistors with anodized aluminum oxide as a gate dielectric on rigid and flexible substrates
Authors: Yang Xiaodong , Geng Bowen , Wei Junqing , Wang Zhi , Lan Kuibo , Ren Xiaochen , Qin Guoxuan
Published: December 2021

Flexible integrated circuits have gained a lot of attention in recent years for their emerging applications in wearable electronics. Flexible thin-film transistors (TFTs) with low-costs and high-performance are highly desirable as essential and fundamental elements for most flexible applications. In this paper, we fabricate single-crystalline silicon nanomembrane (SiNM)-based TFTs with anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) as a dielectric material on glass and flexible plastic substrates. Good quality AAO was obtained on plastic substrates at room temperature. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)was used for the surface morphology of the AAO gate dielectric layers on different substrates (i.e. glass, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), and SU-8 coated PET). The electrical characteristics of the AAO gate dielectric layers on different substrates were also analyzed with metal–insulator–metal capacitors. The SiNMs were processed with a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible semiconductor process (e.g. photolithography, ion implantation, thermal annealing, reactive ion etching, metal evaporation, etc), and then transferred to the substrates with AAO/aluminum stack layers. The performance of the transistors on glass and plastic substrates was characterized. Compared with the TFT fabricated on a glass substrate, the TFT fabricated directly on a PET substrate had lower performance due to poor surface roughness. For optimization of the surface roughness, the PET was modified with a coating of SU-8 photoresist. In this way, the TFT had properties close to that on a glass substrate. AAO that can be manufactured at room temperature provides a simple and low-cost solution for high-performance flexible single-crystalline SiNM TFTs.
Relationship between module performance and the shading area for modules with different circuit connection mode
Authors: Zhang Caixia , Shen Honglie , Chen Jun , Li Hua
Published: December 2021

Partial shading is very common in photovoltaic (PV) systems. The mismatch losses and hot-spot effects caused by partial shading can not only affect the output power of a solar system, but also can bring security and reliability problems. This paper centers on the silicon crystalline PV module technology subjected to operating conditions with some cells partially or fully shaded. A comparison of the electrical and hot-spot performance results for four different connection mode PV modules without shading and with partial or full shading is presented. Bypass diode of different modules would start up in the different conditions with increasing shading area. We found that the regular half-cell module degraded about 60% than its non-shaded power, which is about 30% less than the other three modules, when the short edges of these modules were shaded. The highest hot-spot temperature of the regular half-cell module was 75.5 °C, which is the lowest among the four modules before the diode started up.
Tunable polarization comb based on the electromagnetically induced transparency with hybrid metal-graphene metamaterial
Authors: Sun Yuan-Zhe , Guo Zi-Han , Gao Cheng-Jing , Zhang Hai-Feng
Published: December 2021

Noted a linear-to-circular polarization comb based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with hybrid metal-graphene metamaterial in terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. Due to the near field coupling between the bright mode of metal cut-wire (MCW) and multiple dark modes, the multi-peak EIT effect is exhibited under the x-polarized incidence supported by the three-level theory. With another orthogonal MCW etched on the back of the SiO2, the asymmetry responses in both polarized incidences (x- and y-polarized waves) further triggers the linear-to-circular polarization conversion (LTCPC). The values of four corresponding circular-polarized frequencies combined with transmission coefficients respectively are 0.90 THz with 0.45, 1.02 THz with 0.64, 1.15 THz with 0.60, 1.32 THz with 0.53, confirmed via relevant axial ratios and the electric field distributions. On the other hand, the drastic phase changes in transparent windows raise high group delays, among which the maximum value approaches 325 ps. Additionally, DC-voltage-driven graphene strips are doped at both ends of the back MCW to enhance the reconfigurability, superior tunable transmission behaviors illuminated by y-polarization with obvious changes at 0.90 THz and 1.02 THz can be achieved with the dynamic Fermi level fluctuating between 0.01 eV and 0.8 eV. Such an implementation creates a novel path to polarization modulators, signal transceivers, and information transmission devices.
Majorana quanta, string scattering, curved spacetimes and the Riemann Hypothesis
Authors: Tamburini Fabrizio , Licata Ignazio
Published: December 2021

The Riemann Hypothesis states that the Riemann zeta function ζ(z) admits a set of ‘non-trivial’ zeros that are complex numbers supposed to have real part 1/2. Their distribution on the complex plane is thought to be the key to determine the number of prime numbers before a given number. Hilbert and Pólya suggested that the Riemann Hypothesis could be solved through the mathematical tools of physics, finding a suitable Hermitian or unitary operator that describe classical or quantum systems, whose eigenvalues distribute like the zeros of ζ(z). A different approach is that of finding a correspondence between the distribution of the ζ(z) zeros and the poles of the scattering matrix S of a physical system. Our contribution is articulated in two parts: in the first we apply the infinite-components Majorana equation in a Rindler spacetime and compare the results with those obtained with a Dirac particle following the Hilbert-Pólya approach showing that the Majorana solution has a behavior similar to that of massless Dirac particles and finding a relationship between the zeros of zeta end the energy states. Then, we focus on the S-matrix approach describing the bosonic open string scattering for tachyonic states with the Majorana equation. Here we find that, thanks to the relationship between the angular momentum and energy/mass eigenvalues of the Majorana solution, one can explain the still unclear point for which the poles and zeros of the S-matrix of an ideal system that can satisfy the Riemann Hypothesis, exist always in pairs and are related via complex conjugation. As claimed in the literature, if this occurs and the claim is correct, then the Riemann Hypothesis could be in principle satisfied, tracing a route to a proof.
Composition of microorganisms in carbonated mineral waters of the Mukhen deposit (Khabarovsk territory)
Authors: Lebedeva E G , Kharitonova N A , Chelnokov G A
Published: December 2021

The chemical composition, distribution, structure, number of physiological groups of cultivated bacteria and their biodiversity in the cold carbonic mineral waters of Mukhen and in microbial mats were studied. It is shown that the mineral waters are cold, hydrocarbonate-calcium-magnesium, enriched with iron, manganese, barium. Carbon dioxide predominates in the gaseous composition of waters. Microbiological studies have shown that no sanitary-indicative microflora was found in mineral waters, which indicates the purity of underground waters. Carbonic waters were characterized by a low number of physiological groups of autochthonous bacteria. Among the studied microorganisms, chemolithotrophic thionic bacteria predominated, which indicates the predominance of oxidation processes of reduced sulfur compounds with the participation of bacteria in groundwater. In the microbial mats, various chemolithotrophic and heterotrophic microorganisms were identified, participating in the geochemical cycles of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, iron, manganese, and silicon. The number of physiological groups of bacteria was higher than in mineral waters, along with this saprophytic bacteria predominated significantly. A sufficiently high rate of protein and cellulose decomposition by microorganisms of microbial mats was shown. A low diversity of cultured heterotrophic bacteria with the dominance of microorganisms of the genus Bacillus was found in mineral waters and in microbial mats. By using the methods of X-ray phase analysis, the important role of microorganisms of microbial mats in the precipitation of silicate minerals and the formation of calcium carbonates was shown.
Monitoring of microbial communities of surface soil
Authors: Zhurlov O
Published: December 2021

Currently, the methods used for sampling soil do not meet modern requirements when conducting comprehensive studies of ecological state of soils. Stratified sampling of soil samples does not allow us to judge the gradients of distribution of agrochemical parameters and microbial communities of surface soil layer in natural landscapes. The use of method of GPS positioning of equidistant points of surface layer of soil in a comprehensive study of agrochemical parameters of soil, the composition of microbial communities of landscape makes it possible to draw up a summary map-scheme (GIS). The article analyzes methodological features of selection of soil samples for agrochemical, bacteriological, and molecular biological analysis. Using example of southern alkaline chernozem with gradient of pH distribution from 7.5 to 8.5 units, the distribution of microbial communities and agrochemical parameters in surface layer of soil of a perennial fallow is shown. The range of changes in agrochemical indicators on site with an area of 1 ha for organic matter was (1.4 ± 0.3% - 5.4 ± 0.5%), ammonium (12.3 ± 1.2 - 26.7 ± 2.7 mg/kg), and nitrate nitrogen (0.9 ± 0.1 - 3.9 ± 0.6 mg/kg). The change in microbial communities corresponded to gradient of soil agrochemical parameters.
Adaptive morphogenesis of the adrenal glands of ducks in conditions of hyperthermia
Authors: Plakhotniuk E , Skobelskaya T , Lemeshchenko V , Kuevda E , Saenko N
Published: December 2021

It was found that under conditions of hyperthermia, morphofunctional changes develop in the interrenal part of the adrenal glands, indicating an increase in the functional activity of the gland. The study of ducks on the 5th day of hyperthermia revealed loosening and thickening of the adrenal gland capsule compared to the control. Significant hemodynamic disorders were noted: the phenomena of stasis and erythrocyte sludge in sharply expanded blood capillaries of the adrenal glands. It was found that on the 10th day of hyperthermia, hemodynamic disorders are progressive: the phenomena of sludge and red blood cell stasis are less pronounced, but parenchymal edema and a sharp expansion of sinusoid capillaries persist. Changes in interrenal cells (their high prismatic shape, cytoplasmic vacuolization, apical granularity) are also determined to characterize the high secretory activity of endocrinocytes. The found changes indicate the development of a stress reaction.
The analysis of dysbacteriosis distribution in cats according to the veterinary reporting of clinics in the Moscow region
Authors: Bugrov N , Rudenko P , Tresnitskiy S , Sapego N , Sakhno N , Rogov R
Published: December 2021

In the distal part of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and its lumen bacteria and parietal microorganisms of the mucous membrane contribute to primary and secondary metabolism and actively interact with populations of host immune cells and influence them in their own way. Mentioned parts of the organism represent the largest, and still insufficiently studied, reservoir of microbiota. Therefore, the analysis of the specific weight of dysbacteriosis in cats, the study of the etiology and features of the course, as well as an attempt to classify this syndrome in cats, will allow us to develop more effective approaches to their correction. The aim of this article was to analyze the dysbacteriosis distribution in cats according to the veterinary reporting of three clinics in the Moscow region over the past five years (2016-2020). The influence of age, sex, and season on the manifestations of dysbacteriosis was revealed.
Development of the Arctic Regions within the Window of Weak Sustainability
Authors: Druzhinin P V , Filatov N N , Shkiperova G T
Published: December 2021

The Russian policy towards the Arctic has changed in the last decade, the state and large firms are investing heavily in infrastructure, in the creation of new enterprises and the modernization of existing ones. But the northern nature is vulnerable, and the active development of extractive industries can lead to a crisis in the ecological situation. The development of the northern territories of the Russian Federation must meet the conditions of sustainable development, combine the growth of the economy, and the growth of incomes of the population, and the implementation of environmental restrictions. The purpose of this article is to develop methods for constructing windows of weak sustainability based on the construction of socio-ecological and economic models of the regions of the European North, and to study the possibilities of their sustainable development. The studies were carried out in four regions of the European North, which are fully or partially included in the Arctic zone of Russia - the republics of Karelia and Komi, Murmansk and Arkhangelsk regions. Models have been built linking economic, environmental and social indicators. The methodology for calculating windows of weak sustainability for the regional economy is presented. The possibility of its use on the data of the Republic of Karelia has been demonstrated. The results obtained can be used as an information and methodological basis for assessing and developing a policy for sustainable development of the Arctic regions of the Russian Federation.
Analysis of the existing legal, regulatory and technical support for the prevention of environmental emergencies at gas pipeline facilities in Uzbekistan
Authors: Khodjaeva S , Musaev M , Akhmedov Sh
Published: December 2021

Operation of new and existing pipeline systems is carried out in accordance with the relevant instructions, with technical inspections, diagnostics and control carried out, if necessary. In accordance with the pipeline safety concept being developed, the possibility of operational diagnostics of the occurrence and development of emergency situations should be provided. Analysis of data for the last years of gas pipeline operation indicates the occurrence of various environmental emergency situations. Therefore, the task of this study is to classify the factors of accidents and damage to gas pipelines with the determination of the main share of the most significant. The proportion of emergencies due to mechanical damage to pipes by machines and mechanisms during excavation has maximum values. This indicates that during this period of time, many violations of technological regulations were registered. With regard to emergencies due to corrosion damage, there is some stability. As can be evidenced in this research paper, mainly accidents, repairs and leaks occur in summer - winter periods.
Parameters and operation modes optimization of specialized truck for extinguishing forest fires
Authors: Ustinov A S , Rogozin S S , Pitukhin E A , Astafyeva M P
Published: December 2021

Recently, due to the warming of the climate, frequent forest fires have begun to cause significant damage to the environment. To effectively solve this problem, it is necessary to use a specialized forest fire truck designed for extinguishing forest fires. The rationale for optimizing the parameters and operating modes of a forest fire truck is given. As the objective function of the mathematical optimization problem, the production capacity is accepted, namely the area that a forest fire truck is able to extinguish. The parameters of the main and auxiliary equipment, the thermophysical properties of structural materials and the time of the estimated period of the production process of the forest fire truck are considered as control factors. The solution of the nonlinear optimization problem will allow us to calculate the production capacity, determine the required thermal and physical properties and offer new structural fire-resistant materials, recommend the main and auxiliary equipment, improve the ergonomic performance of cabins during fire extinguishing, increase the safety of the working conditions of the operator of a forest fire truck, and, as a result, to reduce the negative impact of forest fires on the environment.
Theoretical foundations of the poaching study: problems of legal regulation
Authors: Tretyakov I L , Shubnikov Yu B , Guseinova E D , Agayev G A
Published: December 2021

The paper is concerned with theoretical and practical aspects of the poaching phenomenon as national and transnational environmental crime. It critically examines Russian legislation on the use of biological resources in general and countering poaching in particular and presents a review of research con-ducted internationally and in Russia as well as statistical data provided by international organizations and state bodies of the Russian Federation. It also defines the concept of poaching and its legal characteristics, highlights key challenges to countering poaching both within Russia and at the transnational level. Particular emphasis is placed on poaching across the Russia-China border adjacent to the Far Eastern and Siberian Federal Districts which ac-count for the rarest flora and fauna species in Russia. The paper outlines challenges to regulating federal anti-poaching legislation and current pitfalls in combating illicit trafficking of species at the state level. It considers op-posing viewpoints of researchers engaged in this field, their strengths and weaknesses, and suggests possible solutions to the identified problems. The paper concludes that methods of combating poaching are still underdeveloped and require certain legislative improvements at the level of national legislation and international cooperation.л.