bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
XIX ƏSRDƏ AZƏRBAYCANDA MİLLİ ŞÜURUN FORMALAŞMASINDA MİRZƏ
FƏTƏLİ AXUNDOVUN VƏ HƏSƏN BƏY ZƏRDABİNİN SOSİAL-SİYASİ
İDEYALARININ ROLU
Authors: Əhmədli Rafail
Published: September 2021

Məqalədə XIX əsrin əvvəllərində “Gülüstan” və “Türkmənçay” müqavilələri nəticəsində böyük bir xalqın və ölkənin ikiyə parçalandırılması nəticəsində Azərbaycanın taleyini çar
Rusiyasının istədiyi kimi həll edib, zəngin tarixi və mədəniyyəti olan bir xalqı müstəmləkəsinə
çevirməsi, xalqın dilini, dinini, etiqadını, adət-ənənələrini unutdurmağa çalışması araşdırılır.
M. F. Axundovun əsərlərində Azərbaycan cəmiyyətinin sosial-siyasi və mənəvi yüksəlişinə
yeni istiqamət verməsi, milli şüurun formalaşmasına çalışması, azadlığa nail olmağın yollarını
göstərməsı, zülmü aradan qaldırmaq üçün məzluma düzgün istiqamət verməklə onları hərəkətə
gətirmək istəyi təhlıl olunur.
Eyni zamanda H. B. Zərdabinin yazılarında sosial ədalətsizliyə qarşı çıxması, insanların diqqətini mövcud cəmiyyətdəki qanunsuzluqlara yönəltməsi, nadanlıq buxovlarından azad olmağa
səsləməsi, işıqlı ideyalar sahibi olan ziyalıları birləşdirməyə çalışması,milli və sosial-siyasi ideyalar
sayəsində Azərbaycanda milli dirçəliş, milli şüur, siyasi müstəqillik və hətta dövlətçilik ideyaları
formalaşdırmağa çalışması aydınlaşdırılır.
Məqsəd: XIX əsrin sonu - XX əsrin əvvəllərində Azərbaycanda milli şüurun formalaşmasında
və milli dövlətçilik ideyasının inkişafında Mirzə Fətəli Axundov və Həsən bəy Zərdabinin rolunu
aydınlaşdırmaq.
Metodologiya: tarixilik və məntiqilik kontekstində təhlil.
Elmi yenilik: XIX əsrin ikinci yarısından başlayaraq Quzey Azərbaycanda Avropa və ənənəvi
İslam dünyagörüşünün qarşılıqlı əlaqəsi tədqiq olunur. Bu əsrin ikinci yarısından milli şüurun
formalaşmasında, yeni sosial-siyasi münasibətlərin yaradılmasında Mirzə Fətəli Axundov və Həsən
bəy Zərdabinin fəaliyyəti araşdırılır.
Açar sözlər: XIX əsr, çar Rusiyası, din, sosial - siyasi, mənəvi, milli şüur, azadlıq, sosial
ədalətsizlik, ideya, milli qurtuluş.
Оцінка точності вимірювання координат об’єктів матричними корреляційно-екстремальними системами навігації
Authors: Биков В.М. , Колчігін М.М. , Кожушко Я.М. , Гричанюк О.М.
Published: September 2021

У статті розглядаються питання, пов’язані з проведенням кількісної оцінки потенційної точності вимірювання координат точкових (що займають малу частину кадру), протяжних і площадних (що займають значну частину кадру) дотичних та недотичних об'єктів за допомогою матричних кореляційно-екстремальних систем навігації. Аналізовані об'єкти можуть бути використані як навігаційні орієнтири, координати яких при поетапному візуванні можуть бути визначені матричною кореляційно-екстремальною системою навігації з високою точністю.
Геометричні характеристики s-подібних (логістичних) кривих, що застосовуються при моделюванні явища гістерезису
Authors: Гадецька С.В. , Дубницький В.Ю. , Кушнерук Ю.І. , Філатова Л.Д. , Ходирєв О.І.
Published: September 2021

В роботі розглянуто методи побудови математичних моделей явища гістерезису, які придатні для його опису в об'єктах довільної природи. В результаті аналізу літератури встановлено, що явище гістерезису спостерігається не тільки у фізиці, але і в багатьох галузях знань, таких як моделювання антитерористичних операцій, опис роботи різних механізмів, гідрогеологія, економіка, планування навчального процесу. Показано, що в цих випадках найбільш вдалим методом апроксимації петлі гістерезису буде використання S-образних (логістичних) кривих. Наведено приклад побудови S-подібної (логістичної) кривої з використанням перетворення графіка функції гіперболічного тангенсу. В роботі досліджено властивості двохпараметричних, трьохпараметричних та чотирьохпараметричних логістичних кривих, S-подібних кривих Гомперца і Вейбулла. В роботі наведено вирази для визначення таких властивостей кривих, як: дотична в точці М(x0, y0) кривина кривої в довільній точці М(x, y) радіус кривини в довільній точці М(x, y), координати ξ, η центру С кривини, еластичність функції по аргументу і взаємна еластичність по параметрах. Останнє особливо важливе при дослідженні процесів, пов'язаних з отриманням матеріалів із заданими властивостями. Співвідношення еластичності надають можливість вивчити вплив відносної зміни властивостей зовнішнього середовища на відносну зміну значення функції, яку вивчають. Гранична норма заміщення надає можливість оцінити вплив внутрішніх властивостей  по відношенню до явища, що вивчається, на значення функції, що вивчається. Це може бути корисним при синтезі матеріалів із заданими властивостями.
Метод планування технічного обслуговування і військового ремонту озброєння та військової техніки в сучасних умовах
Authors: Войтенко С.С. , Бабич О.О.
Published: September 2021

В статті розглядається підхід до побудови комплектів уніфікованих засобів технічного обслуговування і військового ремонту. Виходячи з цього запропоновано метод планування технічного обслуговування і військового ремонту озброєння та військової техніки з урахуванням застосування збройних сил в сучасних умовах. Цей метод сприятиме автоматизації і логістичній підтримці при плануванні використання за призначенням як існуючої системи військового ремонту, так і при застосуванні перспективних комплектів уніфікованих засобів технічного обслуговування і військового ремонту.
Практичні аспекти оцінювання вражаючої дії протикорабельних ракет по морським цілям
Authors: Корендович В.С. , Кіріакіді М.В. , Вдовицький Є.А.
Published: September 2021

У роботі розглянута проблема оцінювання вражаючої дії протикорабельних ракет по цілі та імовірність ураження ними на основі аналізу досвіду їх бойового застосування по надводних бойових кораблях у збройних конфліктах сучасності. Запропонована формула для визначення середньої кількості ракет, еквівалентних ПКР типу “Нептун“, влучення яких в корабель призводить до виведення його з ладу.
Міжпредметні зв’язки у контексті підготовки іноземних студентів за спеціальністю “Авіоніка”
Authors: Шевяков Ю.І. , Токарєва І.А. , Жидко Є.А. , Файнер А.І.
Published: September 2021

Стаття присвячена аналізу міжпредметних зв’язків у системі навчання іноземних студентів першого курсу спеціальності “Авіоніка”. Проведено математично-статистичний аналіз і обробку даних непараметричними методами кореляції. Визначено коефіцієнти Спірмена для обраних пар навчальних дисциплін. За допомогою пакету статистичних програм SPSS виконаний кореляційний аналіз показників успішності формування компетентностей дисциплін різного спрямування. Показано між якими навчальними дисциплінами є міжпредметні зв’язки, що закладають фундамент для самовизначення і професійного зростання студентів, формують у свідомості фахівця цілісні уявлення щодо майбутньої професійної діяльності. Встановлено між якими навчальними дисциплінами відсутні міжпредметні зв’язки, що породжує ізольованість предметів, відсутність системного сприйняття об’єкта навчання, ускладнює формування узагальнених знань і умінь майбутнього фахівця відповідно до сучасних вимог.
PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF HEALTH TOURISM ON LAKE RAY IN THE ALMATY REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Zhetysu University named after I. Zhansugurov, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Zhansugurov, Tadlykorgan, Kazakhstan, TOKPANOV Yerкin , ATASOY Emin ,   Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Education, Gorukle, Bursa, Turkey, MENDYBAYEV Erbolat ,   K. Zhubanova Aktobe Regional State University, Department of Ecology, Alia Moldagulova, Aktobe, Kazakhstan, ABDIMANAPOV Bakhadurkhan ,   Kazakh National Pedagogical University named after Abay, Department of Geography, Ecology and Tourism, Dostyk Almaty, Kazakhstan, ANDASBAYEV Yerlan ,   Zhetysu University named after I. Zhansugurov, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Zhansugurov, Tadlykorgan, Kazakhstan, MUKHITDINOVA Roza ,   Zhetysu University named after I. Zhansugurov, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Zhansugurov, Tadlykorgan, Kazakhstan, INKAROVA Zhansulu ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Nur-Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: September 2021

Lake Ray is a unique natural object of the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is located in the Balkhash depression of the Almaty region. The waters of the lake are characterized by a peculiar hydrochemical and mineral composition, which can be used for various types of health tourism and recreation. The study aimed to show scientifically substantiated therapeutic and health-improving attractiveness of the territory of lake basins, to attract investment in the development of tourism. This study presents the physicochemical and spectral analysis of water and therapeutic mud. Organoleptic characteristics (color, odor, consistency, structure) and sanitary and microbiological indicators of the declared sample of mud, physical and chemical indicators of the declared sample of water have been determined. The results indicated that the physicochemical composition of water and brine met the regulatory sanitary and epidemiological requirements and could be used in stationary medical institutions and physiotherapy. Lake Ray in the Republic of Kazakhstan has a unique variety of hydromineral recreational resources.
Animal Welfare and Major Food Retailers
Authors: Jones Peter , Comfort Daphne
Published: September 2021

This paper offers an exploratory review of how some of the major US and European food retailers have publicly addressed animal welfare. The findings reveal that six interlinked themes, namely, strategic corporate commitment, animal welfare as good business policy, a focus on supply chains, policies on specific categories of animals and animal products, antibiotics, and auditing, illustrated the food retailers’ approach to animal welfare. The authors raise a range of issues about the retailers’ approach to animal welfare, including the aspirational nature of their commitments, the emphasis on regular audits, the role of external assurance in the reporting process, pressure from animal welfare campaigns, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The paper offers an accessible review how some of the major US and European food retailers have publicly addressed the issue of animal welfare. Keywords: animal welfare, animal welfare statements, food retailers, supply chain, audit, external assurance
Attitudes of the Indian Middle Class: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach
Authors: Barat Somjit
Published: September 2021

The author conducts a pilot study to investigate whether the benefits of global marketing and the purported liberal policies of the Government of India have percolated to the Indian middle-class since the year 2014, when the present government came to power. The author collects data through online surveys from Indian citizens, and then conducts a qualitative analysis of the same to test six propositions based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Model and the Theory of Reasoned Action. The author finds moderate to strong support for five of his propositions and sets the stage for a more robust research study that the author is planning to conduct on this highly relevant topic. Keywords: globalization, consumer experience, marketing strategy, political marketing
О приближенном решении краевой задачи с разрывным решением
Authors: Ramazanov Abdul-Rashid , Ramazanov A
Published: September 2021

Через сплайн-функции по трехточечным рациональным интерполянтам построено приближенное решение краевой задачи: $y^\prime +p(x) y=f(x)$, $y(a)=A$, $y(b)=B$. При этом функции $p(x)$ и $f(x)$ считаются непрерывными на отрезке $[a,b]$ и допускается, что существует решение $y(x)$, которое может иметь разрыв первого рода со скачком в заданной точке $\tau\in(a,b)$.
Быстрое преобразование Фурье по системе функций, ортогональных по Соболеву и порожденных системой Уолша
Authors: Magomed-Kasumov Magomedrasul , Magomedov Salikh
Published: September 2021

В данной статье рассматриваются алгоритмы и программа прямого и обратного быстрого преобразования Фурье по системе функций, ортогональных по системе Соболева и порожденных системой Уолша.
A IMPORTANCIA DA ORIENTAÇÃO VOCACIONAL OCUPACIONAL PARA A ESCOLHA PROFISSIONAL DO ALUNO ADOLESCENTE
Authors: Araujo dos Santos Adriana , Santos Lima Pereira Marilene
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho traz a luz o tema sobre a Importância da Orientação Vocacional Ocupacional para a escolha profissional do aluno adolescente. O objetivo geral do trabalho é discutir aImportância da orientação vocacional ocupacional para os alunos adolescentes,tendo comohipótese que a orientação vocacional ocupacional é importante para a elaboração de suas reflexões, conflitos e dúvidas acerca de seu futuro, para buscar a elaboração de um projeto pessoal que possibilite uma maior consciência de si mesmo e da realidade sócio-profissional. É nesta tensão entre encontrar o seu estilo de vida e a decisão profissional que os alunos se sentem pressionados diante de sua escolha. Este trabalho traz uma revisão da literatura, com análise de artigos, livros, teses e dissertações, com conhecimento teórico adequado, reconstruindo ideias, teorias, polêmicas, aprimorando fundamentos teóricos, que responderam à questão norteadora (problema), ao termino do estudo chegou a conclusão que a hipótese foi confirmada, sendo assim, o objetivo foi alcançado. O resultado foi positivo, mostrando que para esta autora, o termo orientação profissional estaria associado ao esclarecimento sobre as profissões, enquanto a orientação vocacional convocaria o aluno adolescente a ser sujeito de sua própria vida, sendo os dois campos dissociados. Neste contexto, uma intervenção psicológica realizada no processo de escolha profissional (orientação vocacional ocupacional) se torna importante.
Respiratory Infections Early-Stage Medication: Inhalation Formulation & Dosage of PVP Iodine
Authors: Zachar Oron
Published: September 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic calls for a rethink of pharmaceutical options for treatment of viral respiratory infections. Respiratory infections start primarily at the surface epithelial cells. Being in direct contact with the ambient air, the respiratory system tissue surface is amenable to topical treatment approaches. We evaluate and define options of translating effective wound care treatments into the realm of respiratory infections treatment and preventions. The goal is a broad-range, safe and cheap anti-viral respiratory infections medication, which can be made globally available for early-stage home use. We propose a new mode of use of the topical antiseptic PVP Iodine (PVP-I). Unlike nasal sprays or oral gargle, we present a controlled inhalation protocol and calculated aerosol dosage, using ultrasonic mesh nebulizers, to disinfect in one treatment modality both the bronchial tree, upper respiratory nasal and throat tissue simultaneously. Molecular iodine is absorbed from the respiratory system within about 10 minutes. Yet, iodine effectively disinfects most viruses within 1 minute, including SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the slower to absorb PVP-I complex provides a continuously eluting reservoir maintaining the the airways surface fluids iodine concentration for several hours. We provide: (i) Dosage calculation and delivery protocols; (ii) Safety analysis based on guidelines, animal trials and WHO review reports; (iii) Evaluation of published pilot clinical trials of SARS-CoV-2 with related nasal spray or oral gargle PVP-I treatments; (iv) outline potential use and required modification of existing off-the-shelf market products to render the proposed treatment immediately and cheaply available on a global scale – patent free.
Reference: The role of corticosteroids in a preterm infant with lung pathology in the first three months of life.
Authors: Adeniyi Femi
Published: September 2021

Corticosteroids are helpful in the treatment of preterm neonates at risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). However, its usefulness depends on patient selection, the timing of intervention with a corticosteroid, and choice of corticosteroid. In making these clinical choices, one must consider both short and long-term outcomes. Although corticosteroid use has been available for decades in preterm neonatal care, many aspects of corticosteroid use are unresolved due to limited research. Corticosteroids cause upregulation of anti-inflammatory, inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators at the genomic level. Furthermore, the benefits of using corticosteroids should outweigh the known risks. Here we will discuss the current literature to guide clinical practice—a literature search for evidence through the clinical database on EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, and Cochrane. The keywords are bronchopulmonary dysplasia, corticosteroids, and prematurity.Limitations.There is bias due to limited research available to provide a high level of scientific evidence on the use of different modes of administration, other agents compared to the systemic use of dexamethasone. Conclusion.The consensus in the prevention of BPD is selective treatment after one week of life with dexamethasone. There is limited evidence to suggest the role of prophylaxis hydrocortisone in preventing BPD and advise to be considered in centers with a high risk of BPD. An extensive study into prophylaxis hydrocortisone for prevention of BDP and long-term outcome appears to be promising.The role of instilled steroids with surfactants at birth appears promising in the single-center study. A multicentre double-blinded randomized intratracheal budesonide use at delivery will be valuable.
POTENSI AIR TANAH DAN TATA GUNA AIR TANAH UNTUK KEBUTUHAN DOMESTIK DI DATARAN ALUVIAL LIMBOTO-GORONTALO PROVINSI GORONTALO
Authors: Nurfaika
Published: September 2021

Dataran Aluvial Limboto-Gorontalo merupakan bagian dari wilayah Cekungan Airtanah Gorontalo di Kabupaten Gorontalo dan merupakan wilayah pusat pertumbuhan penduduk, perekonomian dan pembangunan. Dataran aluvial Limboto-Gorontalo merupakan daerah yang dilalui oleh jalur sesar utama Gorontalo dan keterdapatan danau Limboto di dalamnya. Fenomena tersebut mengindikasikan proses geologis yang rumit dan unik, dan secara tidak langsung berpengaruh terhadap kondisi akuifer dan potensi airtanah wilayah setempat Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kondisi akuifer, potensi airtanah bebas, dan zonasi tata guna airtanah beserta rekomendasinya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survey yaitu dengan melakukan pengamatan dan pengukuran langsung dilapangan. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel acak sistimatik (systimatic random sampling) untuk pengukuran geolistrik dan pengukuran data hidrogeologi lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan terintegrasi antara geologi, geomorfologi berbasis PJ dan SIG, serta pendekatan geofisika dan hidrogeologi lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Secara hidrogeologi, lokasi penelitian merupakan wilayah pelepasan (discharge area) sistem CAT Gorontalo, tipologi sistem akuifer dataran alluvial, dengan jenis akuifer terdiri atas lapisan akuifer tidak tertekan, semi tertekan dan tertekan. Karakteristik litologi bawah permukaan lokasi penelitian umumnya menunjukkan silang siur antara material lempung (aquiklud), lempung pasiran dan pasir lempungan (aquitard), pasir dan krikil (aquifer). Jenis litologi penyusun akuifer tidak tertekan terdiri pasir dengan nilai resistivitas 20-150 ohm-meter. Ketebalan akuifer tidak tertekan khususnya di wilayah bagian Barat Danau Limboto teridentifikasi memiliki ketebalan akuifer yang relatif seragam dengan ketebalan rata-rata 5 meter, sedangkan di wilayah bagian Utara dan Selatan cukup bervariasi yaitu dari ketebalan 1,5 meter hingga ketebalan 27,5 meter, 2). Zona potensi airtanah bebas terdiri atas 4 (empat) kategori yaitu zona potensi tinggi dan sangat tinggi, zona potensi sedang, dan zona potensi rendah tersebar di wilayah bagian Utara dan Selatan lokasi penelitian, 3). Zona penurapan airtanah bebas terdiri atas 4 (empat) zona penurapan yaitu zona penurapan I (kelas tinggi) dengan karakteristik potensi airtanah baik dari segi kuantitas dan kualitas, dapat diturap dan dimanfaatkan tanpa faktor pembatas, zona penurapan II (kelas sedang) memiliki potensi airtanah yang cukup baik dari segi kuantitas dan potensi kualitas yang terbatas secara lokal, dapat diturap dan dimanfaatkan dengan pengawasan, dan zona penurapan III (kelas rendah) merupakan zone dengan kuantitas airtanah rendah, dapat diturap dengan sangat terbatas.
A computational framework examining the mechanical behaviour of bare and polymer-covered self-expanding laser-cut stents
Authors: McKenna Ciara G. , Vaughan Ted J
Published: September 2021

Polymer covered stents have demonstrated promising clinical outcomes with improved patency rates compared to traditional bare-metal stents, however little is known on the mechanical implication of stent covering. In the present work, a combined experimental-computational investigation was carried out to determine the role of a polymeric cover on the biomechanical performance of self-expanding laser-cut stents. Experimental bench top tests were conducted on bare and covered versions of a commercial stent to evaluate the radial, axial and bending response. In parallel, a computational framework with a novel covering strategy was developed that accurately predicts stent mechanical performance, and provides further insight into covered stent mechanics by considering different stent geometries and polymer materials. Results show that stent covering causes increased initial axial stiffness and substantial radial stiffening at small crimp diameters as the cover folds and self-contacts. It was also shown that use of a stiffer polymeric covering material caused significant alterations to the radial and axial response, highlighting the importance of considering the mechanical properties of the combined cover and stent.
Developing and Validating a University Needs Instrument to Measure the Psychosocial Needs of University Students
Authors: Tindle Richard , Castillo Paola , Doring Natalie , Grant Leigh , Willis Royce Lyle
Published: September 2021

Background: University students are four times more likely to experience elevated levels of psychological distress compared to their peers. Psychosocial needs of university students are associated with high psychological distress, stressful life events, and academic performance. Our study focusses on developing a measure to help universities identify these psychosocial needs. Aims: The study aimed to develop and validate the factor structure of the University Needs Instrument and identify the relationship between psychosocial needs, psychological distress, and academic performance within university students.Sample: Undergraduate university students (N = 511) currently studying at university. Method: Participants completed demographic questions, the University Needs Instrument , the Kessler-10 Psychological Distress scale, and the Stressful Life Events scale. The University Needs Instrument comprises 30 items within six psychosocial factors (academic support, financial support, support from family, support from friends, practical support, and emotional support), each consisting of five items. Results: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that all items significantly loaded on the six hypothesised factors. The hypothesised model was supported by the data displaying excellent model fit and psychometric properties. Our analysis determined that the UNI has strong internal consistency. The results also confirmed that university students’ high levels of psychological distress and their academic performance may be affected by their psychosocial needs.Conclusions: Our findings emphasise that psychosocial needs are an important underlying contributor to psychological distress and a reduction in academic performance in university students. Our findings provide an initial validation of the University Needs Instrument to measure the psychosocial needs of university students.
A Flexible Approach to Modeling Over-, Under- and Equidispersed Count Data in IRT: The Two-Parameter Conway-Maxwell-Poisson Model
Authors: Beisemann Marie
Published: September 2021

Several psychometric tests and self-reports generate count data, e.g., divergent thinkingtasks. The most prominent count data IRT model, the Rasch Poisson Counts Model(RPCM), is limited in applicability by two restrictive assumptions: equal itemdiscriminations and equidispersion (conditional mean = conditional variance). Violationsof these lead to impaired reliability and standard error estimates. Previous workgeneralized the RPCM but maintained some limitations. The Two-Parameter PoissonCounts Model (2PPCM) allows varying discriminations but retains the equidispersionassumption. The Conway-Maxwell-Poisson Counts Model (CMPCM) allows for modelingover- and underdispersion (conditional mean < resp. > conditional variance) but stillassumes constant discriminations. The present work introduces the Two-ParameterConway-Maxwell-Poisson (2PCMP) model which generalizes these three models to allowfor varying discriminations and dispersions within one model, helping to betteraccommodate data from count data tests and self-reports. A marginal maximum likelihoodmethod based on the Expectation-Maximization algorithm is derived. An implementationof the 2PCMP model in R and C++ is provided. Two simulation studies examined themodel’s statistical properties and compared the 2PCMP model to established models.Data from divergent thinking tasks were re-analyzed with the 2PCMP model to illustratethe model’s flexibility and ability to test assumptions of special cases.
Sensorimotor distance: A grounded measure of semantic similarity for 800 million concept pairs
Authors: Wingfield Cai , Connell Louise
Published: September 2021

Experimental design and computational modelling across the cognitive sciences often rely on measures of semantic similarity between concepts. Traditional measures of semantic similarity are typically derived from distance in taxonomic databases (e.g. WordNet), databases of participant-produced semantic features, or corpus-derived linguistic distributional similarity (e.g. CBOW), all of which are theoretically problematic in their lack of grounding in sensorimotor experience. We present a new measure of sensorimotor distance between concepts, based on multidimensional comparisons of their experiential strength across 11 perceptual and action-effector dimensions in the Lancaster Sensorimotor Norms. We demonstrate that, in modelling human similarity judgements, sensorimotor distance has comparable explanatory power to other measures of semantic similarity, explains variance in human judgements which is missed by other measures, and does so with the advantages of remaining both grounded and computationally efficient. Moreover, sensorimotor distance is equally effective for both concrete and abstract concepts. We further introduce a web-based tool (https://lancaster.ac.uk/psychology/smdistance) for easily calculating and visualising sensorimotor distance between words, featuring coverage of nearly 800 million word-pairs. Supplementary materials are available at https://osf.io/d42q6/.
The haunting quality of racism
Authors: Durrheim Kevin , Murray Amy Jo
Published: September 2021

Anti-racism has nurtured many visions of post-racism futures. All this talk and political action relies on and reproduces discourses of racism. While much of this discursive force lies in what is said, we argue that a haunting quality of racism may arise from what is unsaid. This includes the multifarious points of connection between the present and the past. We are all implicated, albeit unevenly. This article describes the phenomenon of spectral racism that arises from such implicature. We develop a discursive account of its constitution in acts of dialogical repression, and we consider some of the social psychological and political ramifications of haunting racism. We illustrate our arguments by an analysis of the way the prohibition against the use of the k-word echoes the toxic past and zombifies racism via psychological enticement.
The Use of Music Therapy in Counseling: Why Not?
Authors: Pangestu Yohana Putri Damayanti Adi
Published: September 2021

Counseling is an activity of providing professional assistance by the counselor to the client as a party in need of assistance. Music in counseling is used to create a therapeutic relationship between the counselor and the client. Music as a universal language is also increasingly able to support the client to achieve catharsis, which is an effort to express the emotions that have been hidden so far. The purpose of writing this article is to examine and explain the basic knowledge of music therapy in counseling. The literature review used comes from several databases such as Google Scholar and Google Books as well as other supporting books. The results of the study indicate that the use of music therapy in counseling is effective in improving the quality of counseling to be more pleasant, therapeutic, and able to increase the success of counseling services.
Music Therapy in Counseling
Authors: Djawantinaros Kaisarea Immanuel
Published: September 2021

The development of the era in the current era, very much gave birth to newfindings, both in terms of science and in terms of technology. With thedevelopment of science, today's counseling techniques can be harmonized with anartistic approach. One approach is art therapy with music media. Music therapy ishere to change the conventional counseling atmosphere to be more contemporary,interesting, and fun. In practice, this counseling can be used in individualcounseling practice and group counseling practice. Of course, music interventionin counseling must be included with general approaches in counseling. The goal isthat counselors can adapt to changing ideas in counseling, and can interprettherapeutic music in counseling appropriately and carefully.
Benefits of Adaptive Learning Transfer from Typing-Based Learning to Speech-Based Learning
Authors: Wilschut Thomas , Sense Florian , van der Velde Maarten , Fountas Zafeirios , Maass Sarah , van Rijn Hedderik
Published: September 2021

Memorising vocabulary is an important aspect of formal foreign-language learning. Advances in cognitive psychology have led to the development of adaptive learning systems that make vocabulary learning more efficient. One way these computer-based systems optimize learning is by measuring learning performance in real time to create optimal repetition schedules for individual learners. While such adaptive learning systems have been successfully applied to word learning using keyboard-based input, they have thus far seen little application in spoken word learning. Here we present a system for adaptive, speech-based word learning using an adaptive model that was developed for and tested with typing-based word learning. We show that typing- and speech-based learning result in similar behavioral patterns that can be used to reliably estimate individual memory processes, and we extend earlier findings demonstrating that a response-time based adaptive learning system outperforms an accuracy-based, Leitner flashcard learning algorithm. In short, we show that adaptive learning benefits transfer from typing-based learning, to speech based learning. Our work provides a basis for the development of language learning applications that use real-time pronunciation assessment software to score the accuracy of the learner's pronunciations. The development of adaptive, speech-based learning applications is important for two reasons. First, by focusing on speech, the model can be applied for individuals whose typing skills are insufficient---as is demonstrated by the successful application of the model in an elderly participant population. Second, speech-based learning models are educationally relevant because they focus on what may be the most important aspect of language learning: to practice speech.
Normal or Tingly? A story about Hands & Feet
Authors: Efstathiou Myrto , Sedda Anna , Delicato Louise
Published: September 2021

Spontaneous sensations (SPS) are sensations which are felt in the body in the absence of external stimulation, often at periods of rest and relaxation (Naveteur, Honoré, & Michael, 2005). The literature on SPS has used explicit measures such as questionnaires to explore SPS, while no studies to date have examined SPS on an implicit level. This study was conducted to collect representative stimuli for an Implicit Association Test (IAT) for SPS in hands and feet. Hence, the study aimed to answer the question of how participants perceive their hands and feet, in the presence or absence of SPS. A short online survey was completed by eighteen participants to identify the most frequent words used to describe our limbs in the presence or absence of SPS. Results indicated that individuals who perceive and those who do not perceive SPS in their limbs, describe their limbs as normal while the most frequent SPS were itching and tingling. Thus, the words we use to describe how our limbs feel are similar as we use the same words to describe how we feel our hands and feet. However, the way we experience SPS (e.g. frequency) varies as hands experienced more SPS than feet. Finally, those words will be used in an IAT for SPS as the most representative stimuli for two categories: absence of SPS and presence of SPS.
Awareness, Enrollment and Utilization of Health Insurance among Adults of Pokhara
Authors: Sharma Dibya , Basnet Priyanka , Kafle Ramchandra
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Procuring a health insurance is important because medical care is expensive, especially in private sector. Hospitalization nowadays is very expensive. Financial burden while being sick can be managed wisely by paying a small annual premium which would lessen stress in case of medical emergencies. The objective of study is to assess awareness, enrollment and utilization of health insurance and find out association between awareness and enrollment with demographic variables.

Material and methods

A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted to assess awareness, enrollment and utilization of health insurance among adult of Phulbari-11, Pokhara. The study was conducted during the period from June – August 2019 among 153 adult using purposive sampling. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using Statistical Package for Social Science(SPSS) version 18.0.

Result: Nearly 61% were young adult. About 2/3rd (66%) were female. Majority (82.4%) had received some form of formal education. About 57% were aware about health insurance and 40% had enrolled in it. Among them, more than 2/3rd (69%) had procured service at least once. Respondent's awareness is statistically significant with ethnicity. Enrollment in health insurance is significantly associated with age, ethnicity, marital status, history of chronic illness, family history of chronic illness and awareness of health insurance.

Conclusion:

Awareness about health insurance is low. Enrollment and utilization of the scheme is not as expected. The enrollment in this scheme can further be enhanced through government effort to increase awareness among community people with the help of health care personnel and media.
Ear, Nose, Throat and Head and Neck Surgery Activity in Tertiary Care Center during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rijal Krishna Chandra , Koirala Krishna Prasad , Karki Bikram Babu , Maharjan Manita
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID 19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Till 31st August 2020, 39460 COVID-19 positive cases confirmed and 228 deaths occurred in Nepal. The surgical activities in the division of ENT and HNS (Ear, Nose, Throat and Head and Neck Surgery) across the world has been affected with many hospitals confining themselves to only emergency or essential surgeries due to implementation of lockdown by many countries. Manipal Teaching Hospital being a tertiary care referral centre in western Nepal has wide array of cases coming from various parts of the country and due to the pandemic the surgical activity of our ENT and HNS unit has undergone profound changes.

Methods: A six months prospective study of “ENT and HNS Surgical Activity in Tertiary Care Center during COVID-19 Pandemic” was conducted in the department of ENT and HNS, Manipal college of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal. Statistical analysis of the study was done for various parameters like age, sex, incidence and types of elective and emergency surgeries and comparing the frequency of surgeries done during the COVID-19 pandemic vs that during the same period in the previous year.

Results: This study includes a total of 56 surgery cases out of which 26 were emergency and 30 were elective. Among 26 emergency cases, five were ear, one was nose, nine were throat and 11 were head & neck cases. Similarly, among 30 elective cases, six were ear, eight were nose, 11 were throat and five were head & neck cases. The most commonly performed emergency cases were incision and drainage of abscess followed by repair of wounds and rigid oesophagoscopy and removal of foreign body. Commonly performed elective cases were excision of ENT and HNS lesions followed by Functional endoscopic sinus surgery.

Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic caused a steep decrease in ENT and HNS surgical activities both the elective and emergency surgery.
Conventional Pap Smear Cytology in a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Gurung Tika Kumari , Adhikari Shree Prasad , Adhikari Ayushma , Shrestha Reecha , Pun Chum Maya , Pun Chum Maya
Published: September 2021

Abstract:

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women with high mortality. Since it is a preventable cancer, screening for cervical cancer with Papanicolaou test (Pap Test) is considered as the stepping stone in its cure by detecting  at its premalignant state. The two methods of acquiring the sample for cytology are Conventional method and liquid based cytology.

Methods:  The Pap test  results of the patients who visited the outpatient clinic of the Gynecologic Department of Gandaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital from January 2012 to December 2017 were reviewed and analyzed from the medical records. The findings of Pap test results were tabulated and categorized as per Bethesda system of classification (2001).

Results:  A total of 2004 Pap tests were taken. All of the patients in the study were married with mean age of 39.7±10.3 years. A total of 1291(64.42%) Pap tests were normal or negative for intraepithelial lesion whereas 578(28.84%) were inflammatory smears while 37(1.85%) were inadequate for evaluation. There was a presence of low grade intraepithelial lesion in 4(0.2%)  and high grade intraepithelial lesion in 15(0.75%). Atypical squamous cell of undetermined significance (ASCUS) was noted in 11(0.55%) and frank malignancy was noted in 1(0.05%) of total Pap test samples.

Conclusion: In a developing country like Nepal, Pap test is still the preferred cervical cancer screening tool. All women should undergo the screening test for cervical cancer with any feasible available test.

Key words: Bethesda system; cervical cancer; HPV; Pap Test.
Histomorphological Spectrum of Lesions in Nephrectomy Specimen
Authors: Basnet Dipika , Makaju Ramesh , Dhakal Rachana , Lama Binita , Gautam Nikita
Published: September 2021

Background

Nephrectomy is a common and standard surgical practice in urology. It  has pivotal role in diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of disease.  It is indicated in patients with irreversible kidney damage following chronic infection, trauma, obstruction and malformation as well as renal malignancy. The objective of this study was to analyze the histomorphological spectrum of various lesions in nephrectomy specimens with special emphasis on grading and staging of renal carcinoma.

Methods

This is a retrospective study done from January 2015 to December 2020 in the Department of  Pathology, Dhulikhel Hospital - Kathmandu University Hospital (DH - KUH). Relevant clinical data of the patients were obtained from the histopathological records of the patient from the pathology department.

Results

A total of 70 cases were studied, out of which 60 were simple nephrectomy specimens, followed by 8 radical and 2 partial nephrectomy specimens. The age of patient ranged from 2 to 74 years. Highest percentage of  nephrectomy was  seen in 4th decade of life.  Male population comprising 54.28% of nephrectomy. Non-neoplastic lesions constituted 53 cases and chronic pyelonephritis was the most common lesion. Out of 17 neoplastic lesions, 76.47% of cases were malignant. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour.

Conclusions

This study gives a fair insight into the incidence of neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions of kidney requiring nephrectomy in this institution.
Age Determination by Medial End of Clavicle- Radiological Study
Authors: Makaju Sarbada , Karmacharya Menuka , Chaudhary Sonam
Published: September 2021

Introduction

The clavicle was a modified long bone and it is placed horizontally. Anatomically, clavicle consist of medial and lateral end. It doesn’t consist of medullar cavity. The medial epiphysis was the last epiphysis of the body to fuse at the age of 25-28 years of age.

 Methods

The study was conducted on 369 chest X-ray of a patient from Department of Radiology, Duwakot, Kathmandu between September-November 2020 after getting the ethical clearance from the Institutional Review Committee (reference no. KMC-IRC 2003202005). The Convenient sampling was done. The stages of ossification of the medial epiphysis of clavicle were studied. The data was analysed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 20 version.

Results

Total sample size was 369. Out of that 208(56.4%) were Male and 161(43.6%).  The stages of the ossification begin at the age of 15 in Male and 12 in Female. In the both gender, the medial epiphysis completed its ossification the Stages 5 at the age of 26. The right and left side of clavicle start its ossification at the same age group and completed also in same age.

 Conclusions

The ossification of the medial epiphysis of right and left side of clavicle begins and end at same time. In both the gender, the stages 5 completed at age of 26. This showed that the clavicle fused completely at the age of 26.
Clinical Spectrum- Cognition, Stages, Functionality among Elderly with Dementia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Niroula Niju
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Although cognitive and functional impairment are the hallmark features of Dementia but it is often undetected and neglected as a normal part of aging. So we conducted this study on clinical profile of dementia patients.
Aims: The aim of this study is to evaluate the Patient’s cognitive impairment, functional capacities, and stages of severity of dementia.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 50 patients aged 60 years and above, of both sexes with the diagnosis of Dementia, admitted in Medicine ward of Nepalgunj Medical College, Nepalgunj, Nepal. The screening of dementia was done using Mini-Mental State Examination tool and the diagnosis of Dementia was confirmed using the International Classification of Disease-10 Diagnostic Criteria for Research. Cognition, functionality and stages of severity of dementia were assessed using Hierarchic Dementia Scale, Functional Autonomy Measurement System, Functional Assessment Staging Test tools respectively.
Results: Among a total of 50 dementia patients, the mean and standard deviation of age was 82.4±6.1 years, majority of cases 60 % were in the age group ≥85 years and most patients were female 56%. The mean Mini-Mental State Examination score was 9.6±3.0, and 50 % had severe impairment of cognition on Hierarchic Dementia Scale. Stage 7 dementia 32 % was most prevalent stage on Functional Assessment Staging and severe deterioration in the functional autonomy was seen in 54% dementia patients (score ≥41 on Functional Autonomy Measurement System).
Conclusion: This study concludes that significant number of elderly patients attending tertiary care hospital suffers from dementia with severe impairment in cognition and functionality in various stages of dementia in the elderly patients.
Platelet Count and Its Prognostic Value in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
Authors: Sharma Nirmala , Kumari Sheela , BC Durga , Shrestha Merina
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy is one of the maternal diseases that cause the most detrimental effects to the mother and the fetus.1   It is the leading cause of direct maternal death along with hemorrhage and infections. Approximately 70% of hypertensive disorders are due to gestational hypertension, preeclampsia and eclampsia whereas other 30% are due to preexisting or undiagnosed hypertension.2 Out of all the hematological abnormalities that occur in PIH, thrombocytopenia is the most common seen to occur in 11% to 29% of patients.3 Thrombocytopenia occurs more commonly in patients with eclampsia (30%) compared to patients with both mild and severe forms of pre-eclampsia (15%-18%).4

Aims :To find out the severity of disease with platelet count in pregnancy induced hypertension.

Methods: This is a hospital- based descriptive cross sectional study, conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Nepalgunj Medical College Teaching Hospital, Kohalpur, Banke, Nepal, conducted over a period of one year from September 2018 to August 2019. Fifty pregnant women were enrolled in study after getting informed written consent and assessing for inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: Incidence of Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia is 2.3% in this study. Majority of the women belong to age group 21-25(40%), followed by 15-20(38%) with mean age 23.18±5.45. 62% constituted primigravidas and 38% were multigravidas. 33 (66%) cases were at term (37-42 weeks of gestation), 11(22%) at 34-36 weeks of gestation and 6 (12%) were at 28-33 weeks of gestation with mean gestational age  36.38±3.17. Eclampsia cases were found more i.e. 48%, followed by pre-eclampsia 38% and Gestational hypertension 14%. Moderately low platelet count was seen in 11.76% of Gestational hypertension, 47% of pre-eclampsia and 41.17% of eclampsia and severely low platelet count in 21.4% pre-eclampsia and 64.70% of eclampsia.

Conclusion: PIH continues to be a leading cause of Maternal and perinatal morbidity and Mortality. The disease accounts of 40,000 maternal deaths worldwide per year5. It is one of the common causes of iatrogenic preterm delivery. Etiology of Pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia is complex and not completely understood. A combination of abnormal Placentation and predisposing maternal factor contribute to widespread endothelial dysfunctions which lead to the syndrome of PIH. To date there has been no screening test that has been widely adopted in clinical practice. Platelet estimation method is reliable, rapid, cheaper, and simple lab method. Prognosis of diseases could be monitored by measuring platelet count and level of platelet count can predict the severity of PIH. Therefore assessment of platelet count has special place in management of PIH.