bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Many Clerks on a Floor?
Authors: Stokes Charles J. , Mintz Philip
Published: November 2018

This article presents a Monte Carlo simulation method for the solution of a common problem in department stores, the determination of the number of clerks to be assigned to a floor. Based upon empirical observations as well as fictitious data, the method works with five familiar variables to obtain a usable answer. The authors suggest relatively simple adjustments to the model which will provide for a practical application.
Doctor's Choice: The Physician and his Sources of Information about Drugs
Authors: Bauer Raymond A. , Wortzel Lawrence H.
Published: November 2018

The physician uses, selectively, both commercial and scientific sources of information about drugs. Commercial sources are the predominant ones in making physicians aware of new drugs. However, information from both commercial and scientific sources plays a part in the physician's decision to prescribe a drug, and scientific sources become increasingly important as the condition which is to be treated becomes more severe, or as the treatment becomes less clear-cut.
New Approaches to Control of Interviewing Costs
Authors: Sudman Seymour
Published: November 2018

The rise in interviewing costs has been a major concern to users of survey research. This article suggests methods for controlling field expenditures based on experiments at the National Opinion Research Center and the Census Bureau. In addition, a new method for paying interviewers is outlined, based on the controls which are developed.
Effects of Group Influences on Consumer Brand Preferences
Authors: Stafford James E.
Published: November 2018

The exploratory study reported here attempts to identify if and how informal social groups influence the brand preferences of their members. The results suggest, first, that consumers are influenced by such groups and second, that the extent and degree of brand loyalty behavior within a group is more closely related to the behavior of the informal leader than to the cohesiveness of the group.
A Note on Panel Bias
Authors: Morrison Donald G. , Frank Ronald E. , Massy William F.
Published: November 2018

In analyzing continuous consumer panels for making marketing decisions, one must make some assumptions about how accurately the panel represents the total population of consumers. Yet very little work has been published on the representativeness of consumer panels. This article deals with a limited aspect of the problem: the effect of the length of time consumers have been in the panel on their purchasing characteristics. Tentative hypotheses are formulated on the basis of some empirical data and suggestions for future studies are given.
Dynamic Effects of Short Duration Price Differentials on Retail Gasoline Sales
Authors: Claycamp H. J.
Published: November 2018

➤ Multiple regression analysis utilizing easily acquired data is used to estimate dynamic cross-elasticity coefficients and the carry-over effect of short duration price differentials on like grades of gasoline at competing service stations. In spite of low coefficients of determination, four of five replications of the model produced highly consistent results indicating (1) that the first day cross-elasticity coefficient is algebraically less than minus one, (2) the effect increases on subsequent days of the differential, and (3) there is little or no carry-over effect once prices are made equal.
Academic Research and the Data Drought Dilemma
Authors: Hinkle Charles L. , Wolf Jack S.
Published: November 2018

➤ Quantitative research by marketing faculties and graduate students is hampered by a shortage of attainable data and by lack of knowledge about available reliable data. A marketing data bank serving as central clearing house and communications point would help to overcome these problems.
Use of Transformations
Authors: Frank Ronald E.
Published: November 2018

Often data for subsequent multivariate statistical analysis violate one or more of the assumptions upon which the technique is based. These violations can result in errors in structural interpretation and prediction. When these assumptions are not met, must one use a more complex statistical technique, or is there a way to get around the problem? Transformations help to expand the range of problems that a given technique can handle beyond what its assumptions would at first seem to permit. The author illustrates the principal types of transformations applied to model building in marketing.
Attitude Changes toward Foreign Products
Authors: Reierson Curtis C.
Published: November 2018

This article uses the experimental approach to discuss the possible influence of various communication media on the foreign product image of the American consumer.
Canadian Consumer Expectational Data: An Evaluation
Authors: Murray J. Alex
Published: November 2018

This study of the Canadian consumer indicates that major decisions requiring a longer planning period before purchase can more easily be predicted from attitudinal data than can other purchases. However, for more routine purchases such macro determinants as income and household formations seem to be better predictors.
A Paired Comparison Approach to Evaluating Interviewer Performance
Authors: Benson Purnell H.
Published: November 2018

Paired comparison analysis, as developed in psychometric work, is applied to the problem of statistical quality control of interviewing. Data from telephone interviewing are analyzed. Details are given for preparing a computer program for data processing.
Congruence Relationships between Self Images and Product Brands
Authors: Dolich Ira J.
Published: November 2018

Similarities of brand images with self images were tested to determine differences between (a) most preferred and least preferred brands, (b) socially consumed and privately consumed products, and (c) real-self and ideal-self image relationships.
Duplication of Television Viewing between and within Channels
Authors: Goodhardt G. J. , Ehrenberg A. S. C.
Published: November 2018

The percentage of the audience of any TV program who watch another program on another day of the same week is approximately equal to the rating of the second program times a constant. For programs on different channels, the constant is one.
Price Image versus Price Reality
Authors: Brown F. E.
Published: November 2018

Price perception validity varies widely among communities. The use of service offerings and quality levels as cues for price perceptions may cause misperception. This study develops a method for measuring validity of price perceptions, applies it to five communities, and investigates potential explanations for misperception.
Self-Actualization and Product Perception
Authors: Hamm B. Curtis , Cundiff Edward W.
Published: November 2018

This article describes a method for determining the self-actualization scores of consumers and their relationship to product perceptions.
The Effect of Shelf Space upon Sales of Branded Products
Authors: Cox Keith K.
Published: November 2018

The influence of shelf space upon sales of branded products is tested in a randomized block field experiment. Sales of two brands of salt and powdered coffee cream are measured. Managerial implications using opportunity cost indicate that retailers might limit shelf allocations for a number of brands to some minimal level.
Informal Communication in Industrial Markets
Authors: Webster Frederick E.
Published: November 2018

Interviews with industrial buyers failed to identify a significant amount of word-of-mouth communication in industrial markets and suggested a key role for manufacturers’ salesmen.
Media Factors: A Review Article
Authors: Gensch Dennis H.
Published: November 2018

Qualitative factors influence media selection. This review article attempts to identify and group these factors. Sources of measurement data on these factors are identified and techniques are suggested for obtaining that measurement data presently not provided by syndicated data gatherers.
A Comparison of Three Models of Brand Choice
Authors: Jones J. Morgan
Published: November 2018

Three models—the heterogeneous linear learning model, an evolutionary model, and a model which accounts for both evolutionary behavior and purchase event feedback—are compared for their ability to model an actual situation. All three models acceptably fit the data. However, conclusions about consumer behavior can best be obtained from the dual-effects model.
A Threshold Model of Purchasing Decisions
Authors: Kau Paul , Hill Lowell
Published: November 2018

The dichotomous nature of purchase decisions and the importance of a threshold concept in explaining reactions to stimuli require statistical techniques other than traditional regression analysis for estimating the parameters. The multivariate probit technique meets the requirements of a threshold decision model. An empirical example is combined with the basic description of the model.
A Bayesian Approach to Forecasting the Effects of Atypical Situations
Authors: Reinmuth James E. , Geurts Michael D.
Published: November 2018

A model is offered for conditioning a forecast during periods when a time series exhibits atypical behavior. The model is based on a Bayesian approach, requiring the assessment of a probability distribution to the proportionate change believed to result from the impending atypical situation.
Application of a Modified Linear Learning Model of Buyer Behavior
Authors: Lilien Gary L.
Published: November 2018

The performance of a stochastic model of individual buyer behavior relative to a set of gasoline diary panel data is explored. Use of the model for pricing decision making under a set of assumptions about competitive behavior in a market situation is discussed and illustrated through the use of numerical examples.
An Application of the Multivariate Probit Model to Market Segmentation and Product Design
Authors: Rao Vithala R. , Winter Frederick W.
Published: November 2018

The tradeoffs among product attributes typically are estimated from data on preferences toward several product concepts. The “no-yes” data on intentions to buy a product concept in relation to a previously intended purchase of an existing brand are perhaps more useful for computing these tradeoffs. These measurement concepts are explored by means of the multivariate probit model, which is suited to the analysis of dichotomous data. Results of a pilot application indicate that procedures can be developed which will convert these data into probit coefficients applicable to each product attribute in the formation of market segments.
Image-Measurement Segmentation
Authors: Gensch Dennis H.
Published: November 2018

Product positioning studies for both new and established products generally involve consumers’ perception of the current product space in terms of the salient product attributes. Perceptions per brand attribute are hypothesized to be a function of direct measurement and brand “image.” The influences of direct measurement and image are separated. The first step in penetrating a product market is to look for segments of rival brand customers for which there is a significant gap between image and direct measurement perceptions. A second consideration is the strength of the “image” in terms of actually changing the direct measurements. The author empirically illustrates how to identify penetrable market segments in terms of image-direct measurement influences and discusses the implications of this type of information in forming a realistic product positioning strategy.
A Test of the Reliability of Psychographics
Authors: Burns Alvin C. , Harrison Mary Carolyn
Published: November 2018

A test-retest study of the reliability of 36 psychographic items was conducted for a one-year time interval with women subjects. Analysis revealed nine stable psychographic dimensions, some judged to define lasting personal characteristics and some apparently open to external influence during the test interval. Internal consistency analysis on the first set of dimensions showed that stochastic responses were present in both years. However, random responses to the six-point agreement-disagreement scale tended to be confined to one response category in the great majority of cases. Implications of these findings for the use of psychographics are discussed.
An Assessment of CAD—A Personality Instrument Developed Specifically for Marketing Research
Authors: Noerager Jon P.
Published: November 2018

CAD is a measurement instrument developed specifically for marketing research. An empirical assessment of reliability and validity raises some questions about its usefulness in its present form.
Measure Validation of Leisure Time Activities: Time Budgets and Psychographics
Authors: Szybillo George J. , Binstok Sharon , Buchanan Lauranne
Published: November 2018

The authors examined the interrelationships of husband leisure time activities based on husband-reported time budgets, husband-reported activity measures, and wife-reported descriptions of husband behavior. An adaptation of the Campbell and Fiske multimethod-multitrait analysis indicated significant convergent validity and discriminant validity.
A Path Analysis of Causes and Consequences of Salespeople's Perceptions of Role Clarity
Authors: Teas R. Kenneth , Wacker John G. , Hughes R. Eugene
Published: November 2018

Path analysis is used to examine the relationships among the salesperson's perceptions of performance feedback, participation, role clarity, and job satisfaction. The results of the study indicate that performance feedback and participation in decision making are both positively related to role clarity. In addition, performance feedback is related primarily to lower order need fulfillment whereas participation and role clarity are related primarily to higher order need fulfillment.
Studies of Census Mail Questionnaires
Authors: Rothwell Naomi D. , Rustemeyer Anitra M.
Published: November 2018

The research described was an initial effort by the Bureau of the Census to employ laboratory methods to study alternative designs of a self-administered questionnaire for use in decennial censuses of population and housing. Though no one of the three kinds of investigation described is original, the combination of methods in a single program such that results from one kind of study explain and reinforce results from others is unusual.
Characteristics of Persons with and without Home Telephones
Authors: Wolfle Lee M.
Published: November 2018

The advantages of telephone surveys would be negated if telephone subscribers were not representative of total populations, including nonsubscribers. Surprisingly, the literature on this subject is somewhat limited. A study was done to ascertain whether there are any important differences between telephone subscribers and nonsubscribers. From a combination of NORC surveys, analysis of more than 7500 respondents shows that, in most cases, less than 2% of the responses on a single item of a telephone sample will differ from equivalent responses of a sample of the total population.
Dynamics of Price Elasticity and Brand Life Cycles: An Empirical Study
Authors: Simon Hermann
Published: November 2018

A brand life cycle model is developed which incorporates carryover effects and obsolescence and allows for time-varying price responses. An empirical study of 35 brands in seven different markets shows typical changes in price elasticity over the brand life cycle. Important implications for strategic pricing and antitrust issues are indicated.
A Linear Covariate Model of Warranty Attitudes and Behaviors
Authors: Darden William R. , Rao C. P.
Published: November 2018

The new Magnuson-Moss Warranty and Federal Trade Commission Improvement Act requires businesses to reappraise their current warranty practices. They now face standards for what a warranty must contain and how easy it is to read. The authors test a model relating consumer socioeconomic characteristics and attitudes to warranty behaviors. The methodological and substantive implications of the findings are explored.
Alternative Perceptual Mapping Techniques: Relative Accuracy and Usefulness
Authors: Hauser John R. , Koppelman Frank S.
Published: November 2018

Perceptual mapping is widely used in marketing to analyze market structure, design new products, and develop advertising strategies. This article presents theoretical arguments and empirical evidence which suggest that factor analysis is superior to discriminant analysis and similarity scaling with respect to predictive ability, managerial interpretability, and ease of use.
The Influence of Social Character on Preference for Social versus Objective Information in Advertising
Authors: Mizerski Richard W. , Settle Robert B.
Published: November 2018

An experimental investigation was made of the effect of Riesman's construct of social character on consumers’ use and preference for social compared with objective information in evaluating products displayed in advertisements. The results suggest that other-directed individuals tend to be more persuasible by advertising, have a preference for additional social information about the product, but do not have the differential preference for advertising appeals suggested by previous research. Attempts to reconcile these findings lead to a model proposing that an individual's social character has little to do with response to advertising, but does exert a significant effect on information preference between ad exposure and possible purchase of a product.
More on Self-Perception Theory's Foot Technique in the Pre-Call/Mail Survey Setting
Authors: Allen Chris T. , Schewe Charles D. , Wijk Gösta
Published: November 2018

A field experiment conducted in Sweden compared the effectiveness of two types of telephone pre-calls in influencing response rates in a mail survey. Response rates for a questioning foot-in-the-door manipulation were evaluated against responses produced by a simple solicitation call and a blind mailing control. The results demonstrate that pre-calling in general enhances response rate. However, the results furnish, at best, qualified support for a self-perception theory prediction. Alternative explanations for the lack of the self-perception foot effect are offered. Conclusions are drawn for the practitioner and academic researcher.
A Model and Measurement Methodology for Predicting Individual Consumer Choice
Authors: Batsell Richard R. , Lodish Leonard M.
Published: November 2018

The authors describe a model and measurement methodology by which to predict the probability that an individual consumer will choose a product from an offered set of competing products. After a brief review of alternative approaches, they use a simple example to illustrate the proposed methodology. They demonstrate the empirical validity of the methodology by using data from an experiment in repetitive choice.
Internal Determinants of Export Marketing Behavior: An Empirical Investigation
Authors: Cavusgil S. Tamer , Nevin John R.
Published: November 2018

Although interest in export marketing has been growing rapidly, only a few empirical studies have been conducted on the internal determinants of the export marketing behavior of firms. The authors identify several potential internal determinants of export marketing behavior and empirically assess their significance. The findings indicate that a number of management and firm characteristics account for a substantial portion of the variation in the export marketing behavior of firms.
An Analysis of Energy Consumption Patterns by Stage of Family Life Cycle
Authors: Fritzsche David J.
Published: November 2018

The author examines energy consumption by stage of family life cycle while controlling for income and number of family members in the labor force. Conservation and public policy implications are drawn.
Effect of Participation in Marketing Research on Consumer Attitudes toward Research and Satisfaction with a Service
Authors: Swan John E. , Trawick I. Fredrick , Carroll Maxwell G.
Published: November 2018

In on-site research the sponsor is often obvious. Whether participation in research creates consumer dissatisfaction with being in the study and with the sponsor's service is an important question. Using an experimental design, the authors investigated consumer reaction to and satisfaction with participation in on-site research and the food and service in a restaurant. The effect of a pretest also was studied. Results indicate a positive response to the research and no adverse effects on the sponsor. No effect due to the pretest is found.
Improving the Estimation Procedure for the Beta Binomial TV Exposure Model
Authors: Rust Roland T. , Klompmaker Jay E.
Published: November 2018

The authors propose an improved model for estimating audience exposure to network television, and test this model against the best previously reported models. The model involves a new method for estimating a beta binomial distribution, which is used to model the frequency distribution of exposure. The new estimation procedure takes explicitly into account several characteristics specific to network television.
Reliability of behavioral tests in the middle cerebral artery occlusion model of rat
Authors: Yu Junghoon , Moon Jinkyoo , Jang Joonyoung , Choi Jee In , Jung Jooeun , Hwang Sunyoung , Kim MinYoung
Published: November 2018

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, and its incidence is increasing. To overcome impairment from stroke, translational research for developing new therapeutic technologies has been conducted and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) in rat is the representative model. Since recovery from neurological impairment in contralateral limbs caused by brain damage is the major goal of treatment, behavioral tests that assess the relevant function are used. To determine therapeutic effect, obtaining reliable results of behavioral assessment is a prerequisite. However, studies on the reliability of behavioral tests in the MCAo rat model and necessity of prior training have not yet been reported. In this study, the authors investigate relative and absolute inter-rater reliabilities of modified neurological severity score (mNSS), cylinder test, and grid-walking test before training and repeated training every week until the reliability of results reached a satisfactory level. The training included repeated learning of the scoring system and decreasing disagreements among the raters. For MCAo modeling, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 90 min of transient MCAo. Six raters conducted behavioral tests via observation of video-recording on sham-operated and MCAo model rats at 3 or 7 days after the intervention. An independent experimenter randomly numbered each video clip to blind the experiment. The results of reliabilities were unacceptable before training and improved to a satisfactory level after 6 weeks of training in all of the tests. In conclusion, mNSS, cylinder test, and grid-walking test on the MCAo rat model are reliable evaluation methods after conducting appropriate training.
An alkali-free method to manufacture ramie fiber
Authors: Song Yan , Jiang Wei , Nie Kai , Zhang Yuanming , Ben Haoxi , Han Guangting , Ragauskas Arthur J.
Published: November 2018

Ramie is one of the most important fiber resources and it needs the degumming process to produce fibers. The traditional manufacturing process of ramie fibers requires a large amount of alkali, which causes serious environmental issues. This paper provides a novel path to manufacture ramie fibers without alkali. In this study, ramie bast was pretreated by steam explosion and then treated with deep eutectic solvent. The properties of ramie fibers prepared by the novel alkali-free method, including physical properties, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), were compared with that produced by the traditional alkali process. Results showed that the fiber qualities, including residual gum content (4.68%), average fiber fineness (1419.99 Nm) and breaking tenacity (5.98 cN/dtex), were comparable with the traditional alkali process, which all meet the requirement of the relevant Chinese National Standards. The FTIR, SEM and XRD results all confirmed the degumming ability of the novel method to manufacture ramie fibers. Moreover, the novel method was proved to be eco-friendly. Taken together, these data indicate that the novel alkali-free method is green and effective in manufacturing ramie fibers.
Urban planners and the production of gated communities in China: A structure–agency approach
Authors: Liao Kaihuai , Wehrhahn Rainer , Breitung Werner
Published: November 2018

This study takes an actor-oriented perspective and focuses on the role of urban planners in the production of gated communities in China. It probes their related values and the structural factors influencing their preferences and planning choices. The main empirical basis is a large-scale survey of urban planners throughout China. The results show for example that most of the surveyed planners are residents of gated communities themselves. This is highly important, because their residential experiences and middle-class identities are likely to affect their values and professional perspectives. Their attitudes towards gating furthermore strongly correlate with the views of the local governments for whom they work, which is understandable in view of the prevailing power structures. It is found that most planners either support gated communities or do not see much leverage to act against them, but that many are able to achieve amendments to reduce negative effects of gating.
Classical Cybernetics and Transhumanism: A Reply to Richmond’s Review of The Nature of the Machine and the Collapse of Cybernetics
Authors: Malapi-Nelson Alcibiades
Published: November 2018

Sheldon Richmond has written an insightful and exhaustive review of my book The Nature of the Machine and the Collapse of Cybernetics: A Transhumanist Lesson for Emerging Technologies (Palgrave Macmillan 2017). Richmond voices concerns regarding some suggestions I made about the future of humanity vis-à-vis a contemporary cybernetic reinstantiation in the form of Emerging Technologies. He suggests that future cybernetically rooted sciences (and the transhumanist technologies that come along with them) can pose peril for the human condition. This reply is intended to clarify certain points that Richmond brings up, by means of (a) responding to his suggestion that cybernetics and transhumanism could be independently understood, and (b) unveiling a metaphysical and ethical stance, shared by Richmond, critical to the observations I made regarding a “cybernetically organized mankind” made possible by Emerging Technologies. I identify Richmond’s position as (a) precautionary in nature, (b) for reasons perhaps more ethical than epistemological, somewhat out of sync with the cybernetic ethos.
The Reliability and Validity of the Measure of Criminal Attitudes and Associates and the Pride in Delinquency Scale in a Mixed Sex Sample of Justice-Involved Youth
Authors: O’Hagan Heidi R. , Brown Shelley L. , Jones Natalie J. , Skilling Tracey A.
Published: November 2018

It is unclear if self-report measures of criminal attitudes and associates—developed and validated predominately on adult male offender samples—can or should be used with justice-involved girls. With a sample of 300 justice-involved youth (100 females, 200 males), this study examined the reliability and validity of the Measure of Criminal Attitudes and Associates (MCAA) and the Pride in Delinquency Scale (PIDS). Both measures evidenced reliability and convergent and discriminant validity in both sexes. The MCAA and the PIDS consistently predicted general recidivism for males (majority of area under the curve [AUCs; 7 out of 10] ranged from .60 to .68), but not for females (majority of AUCs [6 out of 8] ranged from .50 to .59). Both measures predicted violent recidivism across sex, with the majority of AUCs ranging from .60 to .67. More work is needed with exclusive female samples to better understand and operationalize criminal attitudes through a gender-informed lens.
Comparison of delayless digital filtering algorithms and their application to multi-sensor signal processing
Authors: Swider Anna , Pedersen Eilif
Published: November 2018

In the phase of industry digitalization, data are collected from many sensors and signal processing techniques play a crucial role. Data preprocessing is a fundamental step in the analysis of measurements, and a first step before applying machine learning. To reduce the influence of distortions from signals, selective digital filtering is applied to minimize or remove unwanted components. Standard software and hardware digital filtering algorithms introduce a delay, which has to be compensated for to avoid destroying signal associations. The delay from filtering becomes more crucial when the analysis involves measurements from multiple sensors, therefore in this paper we provide an overview and comparison of existing digital filtering methods with an application based on real-life marine examples. In addition, the design of special-purpose filters is a complex process and for preprocessing data from many sources, the application of digital filtering in the time domain can have a high numerical cost. For this reason we describe discrete Fourier transformation digital filtering as a tool for efficient sensor data preprocessing, which does not introduce a time delay and has low numerical cost. The discrete Fourier transformation digital filtering has a simpler implementation and does not require expert-level filter design knowledge, which is beneficial for practitioners from various disciplines. Finally, we exemplify and show the application of the methods on real signals from marine systems.
School climate, victimization, and mental health outcomes among elementary school students in China
Authors: Wang Cixin , Boyanton Dengting , Ross Ana-Sophia M. , Liu Jia Li , Sullivan Kathryn , Anh Do Kieu
Published: November 2018

Although school climate has been identified as a protective factor for youth development in the United States, few longitudinal studies have examined the relationship between school climate and student outcomes in China. This study explored the relationship between school climate, victimization, covitality, internalizing symptoms, and academic achievement, and whether school climate moderated the relationship between victimization and mental health outcomes using longitudinal data. Survey data were collected from 1150 Chinese 3rd to 6th grade students ( Mage = 10.27 years, SD = 1.03 years, 55% boys) from five elementary schools at two time points. Regression results showed that school climate factors, including student-teacher relationships, clear expectations, respect for diversity and fairness of rules, predicted victimization, mental health (both internalizing symptoms and covitality), and academic grades six months later. School climate did not moderate the relationship between victimization and mental health. Our results suggest that it is important to foster positive school climate in order to prevent bullying and promote positive youth development among elementary students in China.
Application of Dimension Reduction to CAT Item Selection Under the Bifactor Model
Authors: Mao Xiuzhen , Zhang Jiahui , Xin Tao
Published: November 2018

Multidimensional computerized adaptive testing (MCAT) based on the bifactor model is suitable for tests with multidimensional bifactor measurement structures. Several item selection methods that proved to be more advantageous than the maximum Fisher information method are not practical for bifactor MCAT due to time-consuming computations resulting from high dimensionality. To make them applicable in bifactor MCAT, dimension reduction is applied to four item selection methods, which are the posterior-weighted Fisher D-optimality (PDO) and three non-Fisher information-based methods—posterior expected Kullback–Leibler information (PKL), continuous entropy (CE), and mutual information (MI). They were compared with the Bayesian D-optimality (BDO) method in terms of estimation precision. When both the general and group factors are the measurement objectives, BDO, PDO, CE, and MI perform equally well and better than PKL. When the group factors represent nuisance dimensions, MI and CE perform the best in estimating the general factor, followed by the BDO, PDO, and PKL. How the bifactor pattern and test length affect estimation accuracy was also discussed.
Which Child Is Parents’ Preferred Caregiver/Listener in China?
Authors: Hu Anning , Chen Feinian
Published: November 2018

Adult children are an important source of care providers for parents in a rapidly aging Chinese society, but we know little of which particular child is preferred by parents in time of need. Using the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, we investigate the factors associated with parental preference of caregivers and listeners among all his or her children. With children nested within each parent, we fit the conditional (family) fixed-effect fractional logit model. The main results for both caregivers and listeners suggest a preference for the unmarried, the oldest or the youngest, and children who have provided them with support before. Coresident children are favored in rural but not urban China. We did not find preference for sons over daughters. Neither did we find any effect of prior transfers from parents to children. Our findings shed light on the changing norms of eldercare provision in a transitioning society.
A linked open data framework to enhance the discoverability and impact of culture heritage
Authors: Candela Gustavo , Escobar Pilar , Carrasco Rafael C , Marco-Such Manuel
Published: November 2018

Cultural heritage institutions have recently begun to consider the benefits of sharing their collections using linked open data to disseminate and enrich their metadata. As datasets become very large, challenges appear, such as ingestion, management, querying and enrichment. Furthermore, each institution has particular features related to important aspects such as vocabularies and interoperability, which make it difficult to generalise this process and provide one-for-all solutions. In order to improve the user experience as regards information retrieval systems, researchers have identified that further refinements are required for the recognition and extraction of implicit relationships expressed in natural language. We introduce a framework for the enrichment and disambiguation of locations in text using open knowledge bases such as Wikidata and GeoNames. The framework has been successfully used to publish a dataset based on information from the Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, thus illustrating how semantic enrichment can help information retrieval. The methods applied in order to automate the enrichment process, which build upon open source software components, are described herein.
What the Tribal Peoples Displaced by Development in India Can Learn from the Resilience of the Winnebago Tribe in Nebraska
Authors: Bikkina Nalini
Published: November 2018

The principle of the greater good for the greatest number is cited in arguments supporting the human displacements caused by development. A large number of risks associated with displacement can generate new forms of poverty for indigenous peoples affected by development, if these risks are not mitigated. While tribal displacement in India is quite problematic, tribal peoples such as the Winnebago in Nebraska (one of the states in the USA) have largely succeeded in reestablishing themselves following displacement. Based upon the use of qualitative methods involving archival research and key informant interviews, this article examines the Winnebago case of reestablishment with a view to its relevance to endangered tribal peoples in India.
Municipal financing for sustainable development: A case of South Africa
Authors: Hendriks CJ
Published: November 2018

This article explores the financing of the sustainable development goals through the budget process with the aim of achieving sustainable development. Existing theory points out that local government budgets play an important role in pro-poor service delivery. However, underfunding can be seen across all areas in South Africa, resulting in municipalities that cannot function properly and look after the needs of their inhabitants. Based on a study of selected municipalities in South Africa, this paper tries to answer the question of whether municipalities allocate and spend their financial resources to pursue the 17 sustainable development goals. The findings indicate that as the medium for achieving the sustainable development goals, the focus of local government budgets has to shift from merely providing basic services to creating and facilitating an environment suitable for achieving sustainable development. If the emphasis of municipal spending does not change, governments will find it difficult to achieve the sustainable development goals.
Adolescent cocaine exposure enhanced negative affect following drug re-exposure in adult rats: Attenuation of c-Fos activation
Authors: García-Cabrerizo Rubén , García-Fuster M. Julia
Published: November 2018

Background:

The goal of the present study was to utilize the adolescent drug experience as an emerging vulnerability factor for developing psychiatric comorbidities in adulthood that could, in turn, help to elucidate and/or hypothesize possible mechanisms contributing to higher relapse rates.

Outcomes:

The current results showed that adolescent cocaine exposure (15 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, seven days) during early–mid adolescence (postnatal days 33–39) enhanced negative affect in adulthood, by increasing behavioral despair following drug re-exposure and by increasing anhedonia. Thus, these behavioral data provided a good model to further ascertain the long-term cellular and molecular adaptations that might take place in the brain in response to adolescent cocaine exposure as well as the impact of drug re-exposure in adulthood. In this regard, the results showed that adolescent cocaine exposure did not modulate cell proliferation (Ki-67+ cells) or c-Fos protein activation in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus, but attenuated c-Fos activation in the dorsal striatum.

Conclusions:

These results proved that a history of cocaine exposure during adolescence increased the vulnerability to induce negative affect (i.e. emergence of psychiatric comorbidity) in adulthood while it decreased neuronal activation in the dorsal striatum. Interestingly, these effects were only observed following cocaine re-exposure in adulthood, suggesting that avoiding drug contact in adulthood could prevent the long-term negative effects induced by adolescent cocaine.
Changes in Psychosocial Factors and Physical Activity Among Finnish Working-Age Men in the Adventures of Joe Finn Campaign
Authors: Kaasalainen Karoliina , Kasila Kirsti , Komulainen Jyrki , Malvela Miia , Poskiparta Marita
Published: November 2018

This study evaluated changes in psychosocial factors and self-reported physical activity (PA) among the sample of Finnish men who underwent the fitness tests during the national health campaign. Another aim was to examine whether the fitness test feedback was a meaningful experience for PA change. Baseline data were collected in 2011 by fitness test and questionnaire. Men who had low/moderate fitness along with overweight ( n = 361) were recruited to the postcampaign study in 2014. Data were analyzed with nonparametric tests, logistic regression analysis, and content analysis. The postcampaign survey was completed by 102 men. Positive PA change was associated with high goals, planning skills, and self-efficacy for PA. One fourth of men recalled that they had surprisingly poor fitness at baseline. This experience was not related to positive PA change. A fitness test may awake motivation, but promotion of self-efficacy and self-regulatory skills is needed to support concrete behavior change.
Is It “Just Work”? The Impact of Work Rewards on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intent in the Nonprofit, For-Profit, and Public Sectors
Authors: Stater Keely Jones , Stater Mark
Published: November 2018

This article uses the General Social Survey (GSS) to compare the effects of “social” work rewards on job satisfaction and turnover intent for nonprofit, public, and for-profit workers. Drawing on properties of the nonprofit sector, we hypothesize that social rewards should be more prevalent in nonprofit workplaces and have a larger impact on job decisions for nonprofit than for government and for-profit workers. Consistent with this, we find that social rewards are perceived as more prevalent in nonprofit organizations. In addition, having helpful coworkers and having a supervisor who cares about one’s welfare have larger effects on job satisfaction for nonprofit workers than for workers in the other two sectors, and having a helpful supervisor discourages turnover intent to a larger extent in the nonprofit sector than in the for-profit and public sectors. Overall, however, we find that differences in the magnitude of impact of social rewards by sector are less pronounced than theory would suggest.
Sororicides in Ghana: A Study of Homicidal Aggression Against Sisters
Authors: Adinkrah Mensah , Jenkins Ebony
Published: November 2018

Sororicide has received scarce attention in the homicide literature. This is particularly the case for sororicide incidents occurring in the nonindustrialized, non-Western world. To help address this gap in the literature and extend the study of sororicides, the current exploratory, descriptive study examined the major characteristics of 18 media-reported sororicides that occurred in Ghana from 1990 to 2017, including the sociodemographic characteristics of victims and offenders, victim–offender relationship, incident location, modus operandi, motive, and criminal justice outcomes. The results show that sororicide represents a minuscule proportion of all homicides that occur in the country annually. Brothers were overwhelmingly the perpetrators of sororicide, accounting for 17 of the 18 killings. The findings indicate that a substantial proportion of the sororicides occurred in the context of disputes over money, land, property, or inheritance. Two brothers killed sisters they suspected of maleficent witchcraft.
Race, class and persistent coloniality: US policing as liberal pacification
Authors: Kienscherf Markus
Published: November 2018

This article argues that US policing ends up maintaining and reinforcing substantive intersecting racial and class divisions, precisely because of its avowed formal neutrality. The article is divided into two main sections. The first section sets up a theoretical apparatus for conceptualising the seeming contradiction between general and specific social control. This section argues that US policing has a colonial genealogy but now serves to reproduce a neo-colonial order characterised by both formal legal equality and substantive racial and class inequalities. Moreover, this section shows that the transition from a colonial to a neo-colonial order has been effected by a change in policing’s strategic focus from classical colonial pacification to liberal pacification, which combines coercion with developmentalism. Through a genealogy of US policing, the second section will demonstrate empirically how US policing’s shift towards a strategy of liberal pacification has enabled and continues to facilitate the (re)production of a neo-colonial social order. Since this genealogical section covers quite a long historical period, it will primarily draw on secondary sources. By developing a more nuanced and finely grained policing-as-pacification model that highlights both the colonial genealogy and the contemporary neo-colonial ontology of US policing, this article helps us better understand how and why formally neutral law enforcement ends up producing and reproducing racial and class divisions.
No Association Between Risk of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Selected Candidate Collagen Gene Variants in Female Elite Athletes From High-Risk Team Sports
Authors: Sivertsen Einar Andreas , Haug Kari Bente Foss , Kristianslund Eirik Klami , Trøseid Anne-Marie Siebke , Parkkari Jari , Lehtimäki Terho , Mononen Nina , Pasanen Kati , Bahr Roald
Published: November 2018

Background:

Several single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in collagen genes have been reported as predisposing factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears. However, the evidence is conflicting and does not support a clear association between genetic variants and risk of ACL ruptures.

Purpose:

To assess the association of previously identified candidate SNVs in genes encoding for collagen and the risk of ACL injury in a population of elite female athletes from high-risk team sports.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 851 female Norwegian and Finnish elite athletes from team sports were included from 2007 to 2011. ACL injuries acquired before inclusion in the cohort were registered by interview. The participants were followed prospectively through 2015 to record new complete ACL injuries. Six selected SNVs were genotyped ( COL1A1: rs1800012, rs1107946; COL3A1: rs1800255; COL5A1: rs12722, rs13946; COL12A1: rs970547).

Results:

No associations were found between ACL rupture and the SNVs tested.

Conclusion:

The study does not support a role of the 6 selected SNVs in genes encoding for collagen proteins as risk factors for ACL injury.

Clinical Relevance:

Genetic profiling to identify athletes at high risk for ACL rupture is not yet feasible.
Performance of PROMIS Global-10 Compared With Legacy Instruments for Rotator Cuff Disease
Authors: Nicholson Allen D. , Kassam Hafiz F. , Pan Steven D. , Berman Jacob E. , Blaine Theodore A. , Kovacevic David
Published: November 2018

Background:

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global-10 was recently developed to assess physical and mental health and provide an estimated EuroQol-5 Dimension (EQ-5D) score. This instrument needs to be validated for specific patient cohorts such as those with rotator cuff pathology.

Hypothesis:

There is moderate to high correlation between the PROMIS Global-10 and legacy patient-reported outcome measures; PROMIS Global-10 will not show ceiling effects; and estimated EQ-5D scores will show good correlation and low variance with actual EQ-5D scores.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 323 patients with rotator cuff disease were prospectively enrolled before treatment. Each patient completed the PROMIS Global-10, EQ-5D, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder assessment form, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE), and those with known rotator cuff tears completed the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC). Spearman correlations were calculated. Bland-Altman agreement tests were conducted between estimated EQ-5D scores from the PROMIS and actual EQ-5D scores. Ceiling and floor effects were assessed, defined as ≥15% respondents with highest or lowest possible score.

Results:

Correlation between the PROMIS Global-10 and EQ-5D was excellent (0.70, P < .0001). Correlation of the PROMIS physical scores was excellent-good with the ASES (0.62, P < .0001), good with the WORC (0.47, P < .0001), and good with the SANE (0.41, P < .0005). Correlation between the PROMIS mental scores was poor with the ASES (0.34, P < .0001), the WORC (0.32, P = .0016), and the SANE (0.24, P < .0001). No floor or ceiling effects were found. Agreement analysis showed substantial variance in individual scores, despite the overall similarity in mean scores between the estimated and actual EQ-5D scores, indicating poor agreement. Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement for estimated EQ-5D scores ranged from 34% below to 31% above actual EQ-5D scores.

Conclusion:

Physical function scores of the PROMIS Global-10 show high correlation with legacy patient-reported outcome instruments, suggesting that it is a reliable tool for outcome assessment in a population with rotator cuff pathology. The large variability in 95% limit of agreement suggested that the estimated EQ-5D scores from the PROMIS Global-10 cannot replace traditional EQ-5D scores.