bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Endometrial microbial dysbiosis and metabolic alteration promote the development of endometrial cancer
Authors: Han Xinxin , Zheng Jia , Zhang Lizhi , Zhao Zhongwei , Cheng Guangyan , Zhang Wenwen , Qu Pengpeng
Published: June 2024

Objective

Emerging evidence suggests that the endometrial microbiome plays important roles in the development of endometrial cancer (EC). Here, we evaluate stage‐specific roles of microbial dysbiosis and metabolic disorders in patients with EC, patients with endometrial hyperplasia (EH), and patients afflicted with benign uterine conditions (CK).

Methods

This prospective cohort study included 33 women with EC, 15 women with endometrial EH, and 15 women with benign uterine conditions (CK) from November 2022 to September 2023. Different typical endometrial samples were imaged with a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope. The endometrial microbiome was assessed by sequencing the V3–V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and the ITS1 to fill the gap in relation to the study of the uterine fungal microbiome. Moreover, liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry‐based metabolomics was used to identify and quantify metabolic changes among these groups.

Results

The endometrial microbiome revealed that there is a structural microbiome shift and an increase in the α‐diversity in the EC and EH cases, distinguishable from the benign cases, especially the fungal community structure. The fungal microbiome from patients with EC and EH was altered relative to controls and dominated by Penicillium sp. By contrast, Sarocladium was more abundant in controls. Significant differences were observed in the composition and content of compounds between benign cases and EC, especially estradiol‐like metabolism‐related substances. Altered microbiota was correlated with the concentrations of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), IL‐11, transforming growth factor‐beta, and β‐glucuronidase activity especially the relative abundance increase of Penicillium sp.

Conclusions

This study suggested that the endometrial microbiome is complicit in modulating the development of EC such as estrogen activity and a pro‐inflammatory response. Our work provides a new insight into the endometrial microbiome from a perspective of stages, which opens up new avenues for EC prognosis and therapy.
Photocrosslinkable hydrogel of ibuprofen‐chitosan methacrylate modulates inflammatory response
Authors: Guan Xiangheng , Yao Haochen , Wu Jinglei
Published: June 2024

Methacrylated biopolymers are unique and attractive in preparing photocrosslinkable hydrogels in biomedical applications. Here we report a novel chitosan (CS) derivative‐based injectable hydrogel with anti‐inflammatory capacity via methacrylation modification. First, ibuprofen (IBU) was conjugated to the backbone of CS by carbodiimide chemistry to obtain IBU‐CS conjugate, which converts water‐insoluble unmodified CS into water‐soluble IBU‐CS conjugate. The IBU‐CS conjugate did not precipitate at the pH of 7, which was beneficial to subsequent chemical modification with methacrylic anhydride to prepare IBU‐CS methacrylate (IBU‐CS‐MA) with significantly higher methacrylation substitution. Photocrosslinkable in situ gel formation of injectable IBU‐CS‐MA hydrogel was verified using lithium phenyl‐2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP) initiator under visible light. The IBU‐CS‐MA hydrogel showed good cytocompatibility as revealed by encapsulating and in vitro culturing murine fibroblasts within hydrogels. It promoted macrophage polarization toward M2 phenotype, as well as downregulated pro‐inflammatory gene expression and upregulated anti‐inflammatory gene expression of macrophages. The hydrogel also significantly reduced the reactive oxygen specifies (ROS) and nitrogen oxide (NO) produced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‐stimulated macrophages. Upon subcutaneous implantation in a rat model, it significantly mitigated inflammatory responses as shown by significantly lower inflammatory cell density, less cell infiltration, and much thinner fibrous capsule compared with CS methacrylate (CS‐MA) hydrogel. This study suggests that IBU‐CS conjugate represents a feasible strategy for preparing CS‐based methacrylate hydrogels for biomedical applications.
Bleaching effect on bonding performance of composite to enamel
Authors: Miljkovic Milan , Dacic Stefan , Mitic Vladimir , Jovanovic Milica , Andjelkovic‐Apostolovic Marija
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to assess the effects of dental bleaching on the immediate shear bond strength (SBS) of composite to enamel. Different bleaching methods and time intervals between bleaching and composite restoration were examined. A total of 45 enamel specimens were divided into three groups (n = 15) based on the applied bleaching protocol: in‐office (A), at‐home (B), and unbleached control (C). Groups A and B were then subdivided into three time intervals until bonding: 1, 3, and 7 days. The composite was bonded to enamel using self‐etch adhesive technique and submitted to SBS testing. The enamel surface and adhesive interface were observed under scanning electron microscope (SEM). The highest average SBS was measured in the control (unbleached) group (31.1 ± 3.4). A significant difference in SBS was found between the control and in‐office bleaching (p < .001), as well as between control and at‐home bleaching (p = .034), while the difference between in‐office and at‐home bleaching methods was insignificant. In relation to the waiting period, a significant reduction in SBS (p < .001) was found 1 day post‐bleaching. The weakest marginal sealing to enamel under SEM was observed also 1 day after bleaching. Both bleaching methods significantly reduced the SBS of composite to enamel, especially immediately after the bleaching procedure. Reduction in SBS is temporary and 3‐day waiting period seems to be sufficient to reverse the adverse effects of bleaching.

Research Highlights

SBS of composite to enamel is significantly reduced by bleaching procedures, especially immediately after bleaching.

The reduction in SBS is temporary and reversible by delaying the restoration for a minimum of 3 days.
Lysophosphatidic acid promotes ESCC progression by increasing the level of CCL2 secreted by esophageal epithelial cells
Authors: Ma Hui , Ma Xiaoqian , Qi Lingyu , Zhang Qian , Wang Tiange , Guo Qingdong , Li Peng , Zhang Shutian , Liu Si
Published: June 2024

Background

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a small bioactive lipid which acts as a potent regulator in various tumor progressions through six G‐protein‐coupled receptors (LPA1–LPA6). Our previous study demonstrated that the LPA‐producing enzyme, autotaxin (ATX), was upregulated in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and ATX high expression levels indicated a poor prognosis. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a type of malignant tumor which originates from epithelial cells. Its progression can be affected by the interaction between cancer cells and normal cells. However, the impact of LPA on the interaction between esophageal epithelial cells and cancer cells in the development of ESCC remains uncertain.

Methods

MTS and Edu assays were performed to determine ESCC cell proliferation in culture medium (CM) derived from LPA‐stimulated esophageal epithelial cells (Het‐1a). A wound healing assay, transwell migration and an invasion assay were performed to assess the metastatic ability of ESCC cells. Cytokine array analysis was conducted to detect the differentially secreted cytokines in CM. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases were utilized to uncover the pathways and cytokines that are influenced by LPA in ESCC. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to measure the expression of ATX and CCL2 in early‐stage ESCC. Quantitative real‐time PCR, western blot, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and an antibody neutralization assay were employed to measure the mechanism of LPA‐mediated communication between epithelial cells and cancer cells.

Results

Functional experiments showed that exposing ESCC cancer cells to CM from LPA‐treated Het‐1a results in promoting proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition processes. Using cytokine array analysis, we discovered that LPA triggers the release of multiple cytokines from epithelial cells. After screening of the TCGA and GEO databases, CCL2 was identified and found to be correlated with ATX expression in ESCC. Furthermore, CCL2 levels in both mRNA expression and secretion were observed to be upregulated in epithelial cells upon stimulation with LPA. Blocking CCL2 effectively reduced the pro‐migration influence of CM derived from LPA‐treated Het‐1a. Mechanism studies have demonstrated that LPA activated the NF‐κB signaling pathway through LPA1/3, ultimately causing an increase in CCL2 expression and secretion in Het‐1a.

Conclusions

Our findings, taken together, demonstrate that CM from LPA‐treated esophageal epithelial cells plays a significant role in promoting the progression of ESCC, with CCL2 acting as the primary regulator.
Clinical significance of ribosomal protein S15 expression in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases
Authors: Sakano Yoshihiro , Matoba Daijiro , Noda Takehiro , Kobayashi Shogo , Yamada Daisaku , Tomimaru Yoshito , Takahashi Hidenori , Uemura Mamoru , Doki Yuichiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi
Published: June 2024

Background

Liver metastasis is the most frequently observed distant metastasis of colorectal cancer, and the residual liver recurrence rate after hepatic resection is still high. To explore the mechanism of liver metastasis to discover potential new treatments, we assessed the relationship between the expression of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastasis (CRLM).

Methods

The gene expression dataset was extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Gene Expression Omnibus. Significance analysis of DEGs between tumor and normal samples of colorectum, liver, and lung was conducted. A total of 80 CRLM patients were studied to assess the expression of RPS15, characteristics, and outcomes. We examined the relationships of RPS15 expression to cell viability and apoptosis in vitro and vivo.

Results

Significance analysis identified 33 DEGs. In our cohorts, the overall survival rates were significantly lower in the high‐RPS15‐expression group, and high expression of RPS15 was an independent and unfavorable prognostic factor in recurrence‐free survival and overall survival. Knockdown of RPS15 expression reduced the proliferative capacity of colorectal cancer cells and increased BAX‐induced apoptotic cell death.

Conclusions

RPS15 expression is an independent prognostic factor for CRLM patients and might be a novel therapeutic target for CRLM.
Addressing food insecurity in the inpatient setting: Results of a postdischarge pilot study
Authors: Smith Megan , Tepe Kerry A. , Sauers‐Ford Hadley , Atarama Denise , Gilliam Monique , Unaka Ndidi , Beck Andrew F. , Shah Anita N. , Schondelmeyer Amanda C. , Auger Katherine A.
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives

With a growing interest in screening for food insecurity (FI) during pediatric hospitalization, there is a parallel need to develop interventions. With input from caregivers experiencing FI, we sought to identify interventions to assist with short‐term FI after discharge and evaluate their feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness.

Methods

We first employed qualitative methods to identify potential interventions. Next, we conducted a pilot study of selected interventions for families experiencing FI. Seven days postdischarge, caregivers rated the intervention's feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness. We also assessed for ongoing FI. We summarized the median and proportion of “completely agree” responses to feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness questions, and we compared in‐hospital and postdischarge FI using McNemar's test.

Results

In the qualitative stage, 14 caregivers prioritized three interventions: grocery store gift cards, grocery delivery/pick‐up, and frozen meals. In the pilot study, 53 caregivers (25% of those screened) endorsed FI during their child's hospitalization and received one or more of the interventions. Every caregiver selected the grocery gift card option; 37 families (69.8%) also received frozen meals. Seven days after discharge, most caregivers rated the intervention as “completely” feasible (76%), acceptable (90%), and appropriate (88%). There was a significant decrease in caregivers who reported FI after discharge compared to during the hospitalization (p < .001).

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the feasibility, acceptability, and appropriateness of inpatient interventions to address FI, particularly at the time of pediatric hospital discharge and transition home. Randomized trials are needed to further evaluate the efficacy of interventions employed during hospitalization.
Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and bioactive properties and peptide sequence composition of Malatya apricot kernels
Authors: Aydın Çağlar Mert , Çelikbıçak Ömür , Hayaloğlu Ali Adnan
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

This study used four different apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernels cultivated in Malatya during two consecutive years. The varieties were Hacihaliloglu, Hasanbey, Kabaasi, and Zerdali. The physicochemical properties of the kernels were determined, and the bioactive content of the kernels was evaluated using kernel hydrolysates prepared using trypsin.

RESULTS

With regard to the physicochemical properties of the kernels, the dry matter ratio and protein content were the highest in the Hacihaliloglu variety; the ash ratio was the highest in the Kabaasi variety, and the free oil ratio was the highest in the Hasanbey variety. The bioactive compound content changed according to kernel variety. Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors activity was found to be the highest in the Hacihaliloglu and Hasanbey varieties, which had the lowest amygdalin content, and Zerdali had the highest amygdalin content. The antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of the kernels varied, with Hasanbey and Kabaasi generally having the highest content in both analyses. Moreover, a concentration of 20 mg mL−1 of the hydrolysate was determined to have a destructive effect for the microorganisms used in this study. The storage protein of the kernels, except Hacihaliloglu, was found to be Prunin 1, with the longest matching protein chain in the kernels being R.QQQGGQLMANGLEETFCSLRLK.E.

CONCLUSION

The results suggest that the peptide sequences identified in the kernels could have antihypertensive, antioxidative, and Dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP‐IV) inhibitory effects. Consequently, apricot kernels show potential for use in the production of functional food products. Of the kernels evaluated in this study, Hacihaliloglu and Hasanbey were deemed the most suitable varieties due to their higher bioactive content and lower amygdalin content. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Quick Response Auto‐Coding and Recognition of Mixed Vapors Via Microlaser Array Sensor
Authors: Shan Hongrui , Wei Qiheng , Dai Hailang , Wang Xueqian , Yang Hong , Chen Xianfeng
Published: June 2024

The superior stimuli‐responsiveness, narrow linewidth, and high spectral multiplexing capacity of microlasers have led to their use as photonic tags for molecular labeling, encryption, and anticounterfeiting. However, the requirement of consistent lasing features for repeated measurements and the need for lasing features to change regularly with varying analytes pose a challenge to the efficient and convenient authentication of laser‐encoded photonic tags for practical applications. To address this challenge, an optical microsphere array is proposed that provides a set of real‐time typical lasing spectra collected from microspheres coated with specific recognition surface films of different sizes capable of recognizing one analyte or a mixture of analytes. These lasing spectra were transformed into 2D grayscale barcodes. Additionally, a gray value‐quick response code (GV‐QR code) is developed using deep learning methods, which enables the real‐time monitoring and identification of molecular concentration changes through GV‐QR autocoding, resulting in more precise, wide‐ranging, and reliable molecular detection.
The Influence of the Methylene Blue Dye on the Rate and the Mechanism of the Oxidative Polymerization of Aniline
Authors: Mezhuev Yaroslav , Motyakin Mikhail , Vorobev Igor , Ionova Irina , Baranov Oleg , Dvorikova Raisa , Tsatsakis Aristidis , Soldatova Anastasia , Svistunova Alina
Published: June 2024

It is shown that one‐electron oxidation of aniline with methylene blue is possible only at low temperatures under UV radiation. The kinetics of aniline polymerization under the action of ammonium persulfate in the presence of catalytic amounts of methylene blue is studied. Kinetic curves are obtained by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at various temperatures and concentrations of methylene blue. The catalytic action of the unassociated form of methylene blue and the deactivation of reactive complexes by the dye dimers are shown to compete. In the context of the obtained results the autocatalysis mechanism of oxidative polymerization is considered, which suggests the formation of complexes of aniline and polyaniline that are subject to subsequent rapid oxidation by the persulfate anion.
Design, Synthesis, and Performance of Photo‐Responsive Liquid Crystal Polymers with Stepwise Deformation Capability
Authors: Gui Qin , Liu Zui , Sun Xiangling , Guo Guangqiang , Yuan Yongjie , Zhang Hailiang
Published: June 2024

Photo‐responsive liquid crystal polymers (LCPs) have potential application value in flexible robots, artificial muscles, and microfluidic control. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of LCPs. However, the preparation of LCPs with continuous and controllable stepwise deformation capabilities remains a challenge. In this study, visible photo‐responsive cyanostilbene monomer, UV photo‐responsive azobenzene monomer, and multiple hydrogen bond crosslinker are used to prepare photo‐responsive LCPs capable of achieving continuously and controllable stepwise deformation. The comprehensive investigation of the multiple light response ability and photo‐induced deformation properties of these copolymers is conducted. The results reveal that in the first stage of photo‐induced deformation under 470 nm blue light irradiation, the deformation angle decreases with a reduction in cyanostilbene content in the copolymer component, ranging from 40° in AZ0‐CS4 to 0° in AZ4‐CS0. In the second stage of photo‐induced deformation under 365 nm UV irradiation, the deformation angle increases with the increase of azobenzene content, ranging from 0° of AZ0‐CS4 to 89.4° of AZ4‐CS0. Importantly, the deformation between these two stages occurs as a continuous process, allowing for a direct transition from the first‐stage to the second‐stage deformation by switching the light source from 470 to 365 nm.
Elevating haptic interfaces: Dual‐rate sampling and field programmable gate array implementation for multi‐degree‐of‐freedom performance enhancement
Authors: Koul Majid , Khosa Suhail , Ahmad Babar
Published: June 2024

In this work, our primary focus centered on exploring the adaptability of the dual‐rate sampling scheme proposed earlier to enhance the performance of multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (multi‐DOF) impedance‐based haptic interfaces. The scheme employed independent sampling rates in a haptics controller, effectively mitigating the issue of reduced Z‐width at higher sampling rates. A key aspect of our investigation was the intricate implementation of the dual‐rate sampling scheme on a field programmable gate array (FPGA). This implementation on a logic hardware FPGA was challenging and led to the effective comparison of the uniform‐rate and dual‐rate sampling schemes of the multi‐DOF haptic controller. We used an in‐house developed two‐DOF pantograph as the haptic interface and an FPGA for implementing the controller strategy. FPGA‐based implementation presented challenges that were vital in testing controller performances at higher sampling rates. Virtual wall experiments were conducted to determine the stable and unstable interactions with the virtual wall. To complement the experimental results, we simulated the haptics force law for multi‐DOF system on Simulink/MATLAB. Notably, the dual‐rate sampling approach maintained the Z‐width of the two‐DOF haptic interface, even at higher controller sampling rates, distinguishing it from the conventional two‐DOF uniform‐rate control scheme. For example, employing a dual‐rate sampling combination of 20–2 kHz consistently ensured the stable rendering of a maximum virtual stiffness of approximately 700 N/mm and maintained a reliable virtual damping range spanning from 0 to 5 Ns/mm. In contrast, the 20 kHz uniform‐rate sampling approach failed to ensure interface stability in the presence of virtual damping, ultimately resulting in the unsuccessful implementation of any virtual stiffness at higher sampling rates. This work, therefore, establishes the potential of dual‐rate sampling in the realm of haptic technology, with practical applications in multi‐DOF systems.
Evaluation of mechanomyogram efficacy as a tool for assessing paired‐pulse inhibition of blink reflex early R1 component
Authors: Bayasgalan Borgil , Itoh Yasushi , Shingaki Megumi , Inui Koji
Published: June 2024

Introduction/Aims

Paired‐pulse stimulation provides clinically useful information regarding sensory inhibition. When supraorbital nerve stimulation is repeated within a short interval, the response to the second stimulation is reduced to varying degrees. This magnitude of change in stimulation response can be monitored by electromyogram (EMG) or by mechanomyogram (MMG) as in this report. MMG has some advantages such as being less time consuming and lacking stimulus artifact. We compared the use of MMG and EMG to validate MMG as an effective method of assessing blink reflex paired‐pulse inhibition.

Methods

Eight volunteers participated. Participants received electrical stimulation to the supraorbital nerve of each side. A paired‐pulse paradigm was employed, varying the conditioning‐test interval between 5 and 800 ms. The R1 component of the induced blink reflex was simultaneously recorded by EMG using a pair of electrodes placed on the lower eyelid and by MMG using an accelerometer placed between the electrodes.

Results

The correlation coefficient of the R1 amplitude between MMG and EMG of the grand‐averaged waveforms was 0.99. The average participant r value was .91 (range .76–.99). Similar analyses were performed for the amplitude variation of the second response relative to the first response. Results correlated well, yielding r values of .97 and .86 for the grand‐averaged waveform and the average for each subject.

Discussion

The present results demonstrate that MMG could be an alternative to EMG in assessing paired‐pulse inhibition of the electrical blink reflex R1 component.
Reducing extrauterine growth restriction in very preterm neonates: A before‐after intervention study
Authors: Shrikant Ketaki Nawlakhe , Gracy Nithya Babu , Pournami Femitha , Prithvi Ajai Kumar , Panackal Anila V. , Prabhakar Jyothi , Jain Naveen
Published: June 2024

Background

Focus on preterm nutrition strategies is imperative. Extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) is a clinically relevant, but seemingly elusive consequence, often used to benchmark and compare outcomes.

Methods

This before‐after observational study was designed to study the effect of a multipronged updated “nutrition care bundle” in very preterm infants on rate of EUGR compared with a cohort from a previous period. Eligible participants were neonates born at <32 weeks' gestation who completed care in the unit; a retrospective group from a previous period and a prospective cohort after implementation of the bundle were included. The bundle constituted of three key areas: (1) aggressive parenteral nutrition with high‐dose amino acids and lipids from day 1, (2) “rapid‐escalation” enteral feed regimens including earlier introduction of human milk fortifier (at 40‐ml/kg/day feeds), and (3) colostrum mouth paint and structured oromotor stimulation to promote oral feeding. EUGR was defined as a z score difference of >−1 in weight for postmenstrual age (PMA) at discharge and at birth.

Results

Data of 116 infants were retrieved for the retrospective group; 103 infants were included in the prospective group. EUGR was reduced from 71% to 58% (P = 0.039) after implementation of the bundle. Infants in the prospective group achieved full oral feeds at earlier PMA (P < 0.001) and were discharged at earlier PMA (P = 0.002).

Conclusions

The proportion of neonates with EUGR was reduced significantly after implementation of the revised nutrition care bundle. Achievement of full oral feeds and discharge readiness were earlier in the prospective group.
Glutamate and excitotoxicity in central nervous system disorders: ionotropic glutamate receptors as a target for neuroprotection
Authors: Magdaleno Roman Jorge Y. , Chapa González Christian
Published: June 2024

Recent advances in neuroscience have illuminated the central role of glutamate dysregulation in various neurological disorders. The glutamatergic system has emerged as a central player in the pathophysiology of various neurological disorders. The dysregulation of glutamate signaling, leading to excitotoxicity and neuronal cell death, has been a focal point in understanding the underlying mechanisms of these conditions. This has prompted a paradigm shift in neuroprotection research, with a growing emphasis on targeting ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) to restore glutamatergic homeostasis. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in the field of iGluR‐targeted neuroprotection. We further investigate the implications of glutamate dysregulation in the central nervous system (CNS) disorders, highlighting the complex interplay between excitotoxicity and neuroprotection. We elucidate the multifaceted factors that render neurons vulnerable to excitotoxic damage, emphasizing the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. This review provides an extensive survey of the burgeoning field of iGluR‐targeted neuroprotection. It showcases the significant potential of a wide array of compounds, encompassing both natural and synthetic agents, to modulate iGluRs and ameliorate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress‐induced neuronal damage. These compounds have demonstrated impressive neuroprotective effects in diverse experimental models, from glutamate‐induced toxicity to traumatic brain injuries. We advocate for further research and clinical investigations to harness the full therapeutic potential of iGluR modulation, heralding a promising era in neuroprotection and CNS disorder management.
Status of knowledge, attitude and practice of clinical nurses towards the intrahospital transport of critically ill patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dong Jie , Yi Yayan , Zhu Xiaocha , Zhang Huafang
Published: June 2024

Aims

To explore the knowledge, attitudes and practice status of the intrahospital transport (IHT) of critically ill patients among clinical nurses and their influencing factors.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

A questionnaire determined the nurses' knowledge, attitudes and practice scores. The questionnaire was used for data collection in a tertiary hospital from 10 January to 17 January 2023. Multivariate regression analysis was also used to evaluate the related factors of IHT of critically ill patients in different dimensions.

Results

Out of 670 distributed questionnaires, 612 nurses returned the completed questionnaire. The scores of KAP were (9.72 ± 1.61), (42.91 ± 4.58) and (82.84 ± 1.61), respectively. Pearson's correlation analysis showed that knowledge, attitude and behaviour scores were positively correlated. Variables that were associated with the scores of transfer knowledge were the scores of transfer practice, different departments and the scores of transfer attitude. The score of practice, number of IHT and received hospital‐level training had statistical significance on the nurses' attitude scores. Furthermore, the score of the attitude and transport knowledge had statistical significance on the nurses' practice.

Conclusion

The findings indicate a clear need for clinical nurses' knowledge of IHT of critically ill patients, especially in the emergency department (ED) and ICU. In addition, nurses need to be more active in transporting critically ill patients. Managers should enhance nurses' confidence in the IHT of critically ill patients and promote clinical nurses to establish a correct and positive attitude.

Impact

The findings of this study benefit nursing managers in understanding the current situation of IHT of critically ill patients. Managers should apply new training methods to nursing education and develop a multi‐level training program that is systematic, comprehensive and demand‐oriented.

Patient or Public Contribution

The participants of this study were nurses and this contribution has been explained in the Data collection section. There was no patient contribution in this study.
Mobility, stress, and coping strategy: A qualitative investigation of migrant hospitality workers in India post the Covid crisis
Authors: Gupta Himanshu , Dhar Rajib L.
Published: June 2024

Migrant workers in India represent one of the most marginalised segments of the population and often find employment in highly vulnerable sectors such as construction, tourism, and hospitality, making their lives more stressful. This study, based on a qualitative approach, explores the reasons for migration, stress‐related experiences, and the coping strategies of migrant hospitality workers in India following the Covid crisis. Primary data through personal interviews has been collected from 21 migrant workers employed in hospitality organisations in the Delhi‐NCR (National Capital Region) region of India. A thematic analysis was performed to extract key themes from the qualitative data. The findings show that a lack of employment opportunities and rigid societal norms drive these workers towards cities. The stressors include family obligations, precarious work, and entrapping debt. Further, these workers typically cope by managing their emotions, acknowledging that they cannot address the problems that are leading to their stress. The study puts forth practical steps that public actors/government can take to implement policies designed to enhance the living and working conditions of these migrant workers.
Polymeric nanotheranostics for solid tumor management: Recent developments and global regulatory landscape
Authors: Sardar Md Samim , Kashinath Kardile Punam , Gupta Ujjwal , Roy Subhadeep , Kaity Santanu
Published: June 2024

Polymeric nanotheranostics have emerged as promising vehicles for diagnosis‐cum‐targeted therapy in solid tumors, offering precise delivery of therapeutic agents at the site of solid tumors and minimizing systemic side effects. This article summarizes the latest developments in using polymeric nanoparticles for specific treatment strategies in solid tumors. It explores the various methods these nanoparticles utilize for targeted medication delivery. This includes passive targeting through the amplified permeability and retention effect, active targeting via interactions between ligands and receptors, and stimuli‐responsive release mechanisms such as pH, temperature, and enzymatic triggers. Furthermore, we highlight recent developments in stimuli‐responsive polymeric nanoparticles, which enable controlled drug release in response to specific cues in the tumor microenvironment, thus enhancing therapeutic efficacy. Also, we focus on the theranostic polymeric nanoparticles, which are used for diagnosing and treating solid tumors. We discuss critical regulatory considerations and the regulatory bodies of different countries that regulate nanomedicines' safety, efficacy, quality, and manufacturing processes. Overall, this review provides insights into the latest innovations in polymeric nanoparticles for targeted therapy in solid tumors, elucidating their mechanisms of action, stimuli‐responsive properties, and regulatory pathways, which collectively contribute to developing effective and safe nanomedicines for cancer treatment.
Geometrical, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Rhombohedral B6O from First‐Principles Calculation
Authors: Ran Gui‐Zhu , Liu Qi‐Jun , Liu Zheng‐Tang , Tao Ya‐Le
Published: June 2024

The first‐principles computational methods based on density functional theory are used to study B6O, including its structural, elastic, electronic, and optical properties. The results show that the obtained structural and mechanical parameters are in good agreement with the experimental values. The elastic constants, bulk modulus, shear modulus, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, and mechanical stability of rhombohedral B6O are studied. The results show that B6O has mechanical stability, anisotropy, and brittleness. The electronic structure of B6O is analyzed by band structure and density of states. Besides, the chemical bond is systematically explained in terms of Mulliken population and charge density. Finally, the optical characteristics of B6O are examined, encompassing aspects such as the complex dielectric function, conductivity, reflectivity, refractive index, absorption spectrum, and loss function.
Environmental and Economic Analysis of Reusable and Single‐Use Food Packaging Formats in University Campus Food Services
Authors: Snyder William Ralph , Park Jonghun
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study is to assess the environmental and economic impacts of the various food packaging systems offered in university food services in Canada. Toronto Metropolitan University's food service was chosen as a test case. Three systems exist in this setting: single‐use polypropylene (PP) containers, reusable PP clamshells and compostable bagasse clamshells. The goal is to understand which system has the most favourable impact regarding the Tool for the Reduction and Assessment of Chemical and other environmental Impacts' (TRACI 2.1) 10 impact categories and which system is the most financially viable through a cost analysis. The scope includes a cradle‐to‐grave life cycle assessment (LCA) consisting of raw material extraction and production, transportation, usage and end‐of‐life disposal. This study investigates the environmental impact of each packaging system for 10 000 meals consumed by students. This research follows two ISO standards, 14044:2006, and 14040:2006. These standards involve defining the goal and scope, completing a life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis, completing a life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) and interpreting the life cycle. LCI information is extracted using SimaPro v9.0. The study results reveal that the reusable PP clamshell has the least environmental impact when compared to the two other single‐use packaging alternatives for nine of the 10 environmental impact categories. The single‐use PP container has the most significant environmental impact due to its harmful material extraction, production processes and end‐of‐life emissions. The sensitivity analysis determined that if reused a minimum number of 37 times, the reusable clamshell (RU) remains favourable to the single‐use formats in nine of the 10 impact categories. Furthermore, the cost analysis reveals that the reusable packaging format is the most financially favourable when reused 16 times or more. This research concludes that single‐use food packaging options have a more significant environmental impact than reusable PP clamshells. Based on the research findings, purchasing a less harmful detergent, sourcing the packaging locally and reducing the loss rate of reusable PP clamshells could produce an even more favourable environmental impact for the reusable food packaging system.
Coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases: A bibliometric‐based analysis of trends
Authors: Kong Xiufang , Wang Wei
Published: June 2024

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination in patients with rheumatic disease is of practical clinical importance. This study aimed to perform a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic disease and indicate possible directions for future studies.

Methods

Research articles and reviews related to COVID‐19 vaccinations in patients with rheumatic diseases were retrieved from Science Citation Index Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection. The CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to depict network mapping showing the collaborations among countries, institutions, and authors. Current hotspots and future directions were derived by analyzing highly cited/co‐cited documents and keywords.

Results

In total, 615 documents published in 194 academic journals, including 505 articles and 110 reviews contributed by 5068 authors from 1693 institutions in 79 countries/regions, were finally included and analyzed. The United States and the University of London were the most productive country and cooperative institution, respectively. Author analysis showed that cooperation between different authors was largely confined to only several groups. Vaccines and Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology were the journals with the most publications and citations per document, respectively. Cluster analysis showed that the keywords can be categorized into groups like kidney disease, antibody response, COVID‐19 vaccine, vaccination, validation, safety, and giant cell arteritis.

Conclusions

The efficacy and safety of COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic disease are being continuously investigated. Future studies on COVID‐19 vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases could focus on antibody response, validation, and vaccine safety.
Chronic schistosomiasis infection and obstetric fistula repair outcomes in Lubango, Angola: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Chin Esther A. , Olson Annelise , Foster Stephen , Arrowsmith Steven , Browning Andrew
Published: June 2024

Objective

To assess the association between chronic schistosomiasis infection, determined by bladder biopsies, and vesicovaginal (VVF) repair outcomes at an urban hospital in Angola. Other objectives were to quantify the prevalence of chronic schistosomiasis among patients with VVF and to assess agreement between pelvic X‐rays and bladder biopsies for chronic schistosomiasis diagnosis.

Methods

In this retrospective chart review, data were collected on patients who underwent VVF repair between 1 June 2022 and 30 November 2022 including: age, number of previous fistula repairs, Goh classification of fistula, X‐ray and biopsy results, fistula repair outcome, perioperative complications and postoperative incontinence. Age and number of previous repairs were described using means with standard deviations. Goh classification, X‐ray and biopsy results, fistula repair outcome, perioperative complications, and postoperative incontinence were described using frequencies. Parametric and nonparametric tests and Cohen's κ were calculated using R software and Excel.

Results

Of the 76 charts retrieved, 60 met inclusion criteria. The overall fistula repair failure rate was 26.7% (n = 16). There was no difference in the fistula repair failure rate between those with (26.9%) and without (26.5%) evidence of chronic schistosomiasis infection (χ2 = 2.33 e‐31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.30, 0.28). The prevalence of chronic schistosomiasis was 43.3%. There was no agreement between X‐ray and biopsy in diagnosing chronic schistosomiasis infection (Cohen's κ = 0.23, 95% CI: −0.001, 0.47).

Conclusion

There was no difference in the chance of fistula repair failure between those with evidence of chronic schistosomiasis infection and those without.
A Universal Electronic Structure Modulation Strategy: Is Strong Adsorption Always Correlated with High Catalysis?
Authors: Liu Mengyu , Hou Ruohan , Zhang Pengpeng , Li Yukun , Shao Guosheng , Zhang Peng
Published: June 2024

Unveiling the inherent link between polysulfide adsorption and catalytic activity is key to achieving optimal performance in Lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. Current research on the sulfur reaction process mainly relies on the strong adsorption of catalysts to confine lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) to the cathode side, effectively suppressing the shuttle effect of polysulfides. However, is strong adsorption always correlated with high catalysis? The inherent relationship between adsorption and catalytic activity remains unclear, limiting the in‐depth exploration and rational design of catalysts. Herein, the correlation between “d‐band center‐adsorption strength‐catalytic activity” in porous carbon nanofiber catalysts embedded with different transition metals (M‐PCNF‐3, M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu) is systematically investigated, combining the d‐band center theory and the Sabatier principle. Theoretical calculations and experimental analysis results indicate that Co‐PCNF‐3 electrocatalyst with appropriate d‐band center positions exhibits moderate adsorption capability and the highest catalytic conversion activity for LiPSs, validating the Sabatier relationship in Li‐S battery electrocatalysts. These findings provide indispensable guidelines for the rational design of more durable cathode catalysts for Li‐S batteries.
Cathode|Electrolyte Interface Engineering by a Hydrogel Polymer Electrolyte for a 3D Porous High‐Voltage Cathode Material in a Quasi‐Solid‐State Zinc Metal Battery by In Situ Polymerization
Authors: Puthiyaveetil Priyanka Pandinhare , Torris Arun , Dilwale Swati , Kanheerampockil Fayis , Kurungot Sreekumar
Published: June 2024

This work highlights the development of a superior cathode|electrolyte interface for the quasi solid‐state rechargeable zinc metal battery (QSS‐RZMB) by a novel hydrogel polymer electrolyte using an ultraviolet (UV) light‐assisted in situ polymerization strategy. By integrating the cathode with a thin layer of the hydrogel polymer electrolyte, this technique produces an integrated interface that ensures quick Zn2+ ion conduction. The coexistence of nanowires for direct electron routes and the enhanced electrolyte ion infiltration and diffusion by the 3D porous flower structure with a wide open surface of the Zn‐MnO electrode complements the interface formation during the in situ polymerization process. The QSS‐RZMB configured with an integrated cathode (i‐Zn‐MnO) and the hydrogel polymer electrolyte (PHPZ‐30) as the separator yields a comparable specific energy density of 214.14 Wh kg−1 with that of its liquid counterpart (240.38 Wh kg−1, 0.5 M Zn(CF3SO3)2 aqueous electrolyte). Other noteworthy features of the presented QSS‐RZMB system include its superior cycle life of over 1000 charge‐discharge cycles and 85% capacity retention with 99% coulombic efficiency at the current density of 1.0 A g−1, compared to only 60% capacity retention over 500 charge‐discharge cycles displayed by the liquid‐state system under the same operating conditions.
On reference architectures
Authors: Krob Daniel , Roques Adrien
Published: June 2024

A reference architecture is a key architectural asset for the systems engineer, that intends both to simplify its work and to guarantee the exhaustiveness of the coverage of its system analyses. This paper proposes formal definitions for a reference architecture, based on the theory of abstract interpretation that formalizes the notion of abstraction, which covers respectively large and small‐scale families of systems. These definitions are illustrated by automotive, building, and mining case studies.
Updated typification of the Tasmanian pteridophytes described by Labillardière in his Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen of 1806
Authors: Schwartsburd Pedro B. , Bostock Peter D. , Parris Barbara , Field Ashley , Brownsey Patrick , Nepi Chiara
Published: June 2024

We present updated type information on the Tasmanian species of ferns and lycophytes described by Labillardière in his Novae Hollandiae plantarum specimen of 1806. Among the 13 names introduced, we list a total of 80 specimens with type status (13 lectotypes and 67 isolectotypes), mainly from FI, which houses Labillardière's herbarium (and the main set of plants) in FI‐W, but also from B (including B‐W), BM, F, G, GH, K, L, LE, MEL, P (including P‐JU), PRC, RB, and WAG. Another nine specimens are cited as probable isolectotypes, since they lack confident label data. Four lectotypifications and one second‐step lectotypification are newly proposed. Some specimens previously regarded as “holotypes” are better referred to as inadvertently chosen lectotypes. We show evidence that Lindsaea lanceolata Labill. (= L. ensifolia Sw. subsp. ensifolia), although originally described from Tasmania, was probably mislabeled, and the specimen was actually from Amboyna (= Ambon), Indonesia. We provide an Appendix with links to online images of nearly all type specimens.
Assessing tilavonemab efficacy in early Alzheimer's disease via longitudinal item response theory modeling
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxiao , Zou Haotian , Lutz Michael W. , Arbeev Konstantin , Akushevich Igor , Yashin Anatoli , Welsh‐Bohmer Kathleen A. , Luo Sheng
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by declines in cognitive and functional severities. This research utilized the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) to assess the influence of tilavonemab on these deteriorations.

METHODS

Longitudinal Item Response Theory (IRT) models were employed to analyze CDR domains in early‐stage AD patients. Both unidimensional and multidimensional models were contrasted to elucidate the trajectories of cognitive and functional severities.

RESULTS

We observed significant temporal increases in both cognitive and functional severities, with the cognitive severity deteriorating at a quicker rate. Tilavonemab did not demonstrate a statistically significant effect on the progression in either severity. Furthermore, a significant positive association was identified between the baselines and progression rates of both severities.

DISCUSSION

While tilavonemab failed to mitigate impairment progression, our multidimensional IRT analysis illuminated the interconnected progression of cognitive and functional declines in AD, suggesting a comprehensive perspective on disease trajectories.

Highlights

Utilized longitudinal Item Response Theory (IRT) models to analyze the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) domains in early‐stage Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, comparing unidimensional and multidimensional models.

Observed significant temporal increases in both cognitive and functional severities, with cognitive severity deteriorating at a faster rate, while tilavonemab showed no statistically significant effect on either domain's progression.

Found a significant positive association between the baseline severities and their progression rates, indicating interconnected progression patterns of cognitive and functional declines in AD.

Introduced the application of multidimensional longitudinal IRT models to provide a comprehensive perspective on the trajectories of cognitive and functional severities in early AD, suggesting new avenues for future research including the inclusion of time‐dependent random effects and data‐driven IRT models.