bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate change may cause the extinction of the butterfly Lasiommata petropolitana in the Apennines
Authors: Bonifacino Marco , Pasquali Lorenzo , Sistri Ginevra , Menchetti Mattia , Santini Luca , Corbella Cecília , Bonelli Simona , Balletto Emilio , Vila Roger , Dincă Vlad , Dapporto Leonardo
Published: November 2022

Climate change represents a threat to narrow-ranged mountain species living in low-altitude massifs. We studied the disjunct Apennine population ofLasiommata petropolitana(Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Gran Sasso and Monti della Laga National Park. We quantified the altitudinal shifts undergone in the last decades (1964–2021) in the Alps and Apennines and estimated the local extinction risk due to climate change. We also sequenced theCOImitochondrial marker of seven Apennine specimens, comparing them with those available across the Palearctic. We projected the probability of presence for the species under a future climatic scenario using an ensemble forecasting approach. We found that, despite geographical isolation, the Apennine population ofL. petropolitanadisplays a single widespreadCOIhaplotype also occurring in most European populations. In the Alps and Apennines, this species has shifted uphill an average of 6.3 m per year since 1964. Accordingly, our model predicted a likely extinction in the Apennines by about 2060, due to a reduction of the climatic suitability in this region.

Implications for insect conservation

Implications for insect conservation Despite its potential loss in the Apennines would not erode mitochondrial diversity,L. petropolitanacharacterises the butterfly community of the Gran Sasso massif as an alpine enclave. The loss of the Apennine population, together with those of other orophilous butterflies, could trigger a homogenization of alpha and beta diversity and induce a loss of functional diversity in the impoverished high-altitude biotas. As habitat heterogeneity is a key aspect for populations to endure climate change, the maintenance of varied microhabitats, mainly through grazing management, could address the decline of this population.
Understanding the experiences of lung cancer patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Taylor Sally , Stanworth Melissa , Eastwood Charlotte , Gomes Fabio , Khatoon Binish , Yorke Janelle
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The study explores experiences of lung cancer patients during COVID-19 and considers how changes to care delivery and personal lives affected patient needs.

Methods

Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted to explore experiences of lung cancer patients during COVID-19. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Interview participants were purposively selected based on age, gender, treatment status, timing of diagnosis (pre/post first COVID-19 lockdown) from a sample of lung cancer patients (any histological subtype/any cancer stage/any point in treatment) who had completed a questionnaire exploring how participants’ lives were impacted by the pandemic and their thoughts on clinical care and remote communication.

Results

Thirty lung cancer patients who participated in the questionnaire study were approached and participated in an interview. Three themes were identified: (1) Adapting to new modes of communication (focusing on experiences of remote communication); (2) Experience of care delivery during the pandemic (describing how all aspects of care delivery had been affected); (3) Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life (QOL) (focus on the psychological impact and feeling of reduced support). Themes 1 and 2 are heavily interlinked and both had bearing on patients’ QOL experience.

Conclusion

Lung cancer patients were impacted psychologically by changes to care delivery and changes in their personal life. The findings highlight some benefits to remote consultations but the stage of the treatment pathway and illness trajectory should be considered when determining if this is appropriate. Participants felt support from peers, family and friends was limited during the pandemic.
Modelling Roles of Mathematics in Physics
Authors: Palmgren Elina , Rasa Tapio
Published: November 2022

Modelling roles of mathematics in physics has proved to be a difficult task, with previous models of the interplay between the two disciplines mainly focusing on mathematical modelling and problem solving. However, to convey a realistic view of physics as a field of science to our students, we need to do more than train them to become fluent in modelling and problem solving. In this article, we present a new characterisation of the roles mathematics plays in physics and physics education, taking as a premise that mathematics serves as a constitutive structure in physics analogous to language. In doing so, we aim to highlight how mathematics affects the way we conceptualise physical phenomena. To contextualise our characterisation, we examine some of the existing models and discuss aspects of the interplay between physics and mathematics that are missing in them. We then show how these aspects are incorporated in our characterisation in which mathematics serves as a foundation upon which physical theories are built, and on which we may build mathematical representations of physical information that in turn serve as a basis for further reasoning and modifications. Through reasoning processes mathematics also aids in generating new information and explanations. We have elucidated each of these roles with an example from the historical development of quantum physics. To conclude, we discuss how our new characterisation may aid the development of physics education and physics education research.
Nature of Science in Norway’s Recent Curricula Reform
Authors: Kostøl Kristine Bakkemo , Bøe Maria Vetleseter , Skår Aud Ragnhild
Published: November 2022

Developing students’ understanding of the nature of science (NOS) is seen as critical for educating scientifically literate citizens, and has emerged as an important curricular goal internationally. In Norway, a new curriculum reform has recently been implemented, intended to improve the Norwegian education in several ways. The reform aims to promote deep learning, and there has been an increased focus on twenty-first-century skills, including critical thinking, problem solving, and collaboration. The purpose of this study is to analyse the coverage of various NOS aspects in the new national curriculum for biology, chemistry, and physics, year 12 and 13. The curricula were analysed deductively, using the Family Resemblance Approach (FRA) to identify and categorise different NOS aspects, providing insight into how NOS is addressed. Findings include that NOS aspects from the cognitive-epistemic system of the FRA framework—aims and values, methods, practices, and knowledge—are predominant in all three curricula, whereas aspects concerning how science interacts with society are scarce. The exception is several occurrences of the aspect social values, i.e. the need for responsible interaction between science, society, and nature, especially in the biology curriculum. Furthermore, different NOS aspects are found in different parts of the curriculum, e.g. practices are found in the basic skills sections more than in the competence aims sections. Findings are discussed in terms of how the new curriculum reform can promote Norwegian students’ learning of NOS.
Using fiction to improve intergroup attitudes: Testing indirect contact interventions in a school context
Authors: Oľhová Simona , Lášticová Barbara , Kundrát Josef , Kanovský Martin
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention using indirect intergroup contact for improving intergroup attitudes in schools, in particular anti-Roma prejudice. Vicarious contact—a form of indirect intergroup contact—can be experienced through fictional book characters, who can serve as positive role models in terms of intergroup attitude improvement. A vicarious contact experiment was conducted with sixth grade students (N = 177) from three Slovak elementary schools, using passages from the Harry Potter series. A three-group pretest-posttest design was adopted; experimental condition 1 involved reading passages without subsequent discussion, experimental condition 2 involved reading the same passages followed by a discussion, while the control group was not involved in any activities. There was a significant improvement of intergroup attitudes in experimental condition 2 compared to the control group, while condition 1 did not show any such improvement. The first contribution of the study is in tackling conceptually distinct mediators of the intervention’s effect – perspective taking and narrative transportation. The second contribution is in demonstrating the added value of discussion in interventions focused on prejudice reduction in schools.
2022 American Society of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) and International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders (IFSO) Indications for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Eisenberg Dan , Shikora Scott A. , Aarts Edo , Aminian Ali , Angrisani Luigi , Cohen Ricardo V. , de Luca Maurizio , Faria Silvia L. , Goodpaster Kasey P.S. , Haddad Ashraf , Himpens Jacques M. , Kow Lilian , Kurian Marina , Loi Ken , Mahawar Kamal , Nimeri Abdelrahman , O’Kane Mary , Papasavas Pavlos K. , Ponce Jaime , Pratt Janey S. A. , Rogers Ann M. , Steele Kimberley E. , Suter Michel , Kothari Shanu N.
Published: November 2022

Major updates to 1991 National Institutes of Health guidelines for bariatric surgery

Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is recommended for individuals with a body mass index (BMI) >35 kg/m2, regardless of presence, absence, or severity of co-morbidities.

MBS should be considered for individuals with metabolic disease and BMI of 30-34.9 kg/m2.

BMI thresholds should be adjusted in the Asian population such that a BMI >25 kg/m2 suggests clinical obesity, and individuals with BMI >27.5 kg/m2 should be offered MBS.

Long-term results of MBS consistently demonstrate safety and efficacy.

Appropriately selected children and adolescents should be considered for MBS.

(Surg Obes Relat Dis 2022; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soard.2022.08.013) © 2022 American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery. All rights reserved.
Silica-Gel Incorporated Biosynthesized-Silver Nanoparticles for Sustainable Antimicrobial Treatment of Brackish Water Aquaculture
Authors: Abou-El-Sherbini Khaled S. , Elmorsi Randa R. , Elnagar Mohamed M. , Abdel-Aziz Mohamed S. , Amr Mohey H. A. , Abdel-Razek Ahmed S. , Hamzawy Esmat
Published: November 2022

Treatment of brackish water from pathogenic microbes is crucial for sustainable aquaculture production and preventing the spread of infectious diseases. However, the treatment of brackish water is still challenging due to the high salinity and the high antimicrobial resistance. Here, we exploit a facile and effective approach to synthesize silica gel embedded with silver nanoparticles (7–48 nm) for broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. The incorporation of silver nanoparticles into silica gel (AgNPs@SG) is confirmed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, N2 physisorption, and transmission electron microscopy. The AgNPs@SG material exhibits wide-spectrum antimicrobial activity against the studied microorganisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans) due to preventing the aggregation of silver nanoparticles and their effective contact with the microorganisms. Most importantly, the applicability of the synthesized AgNPs@SG for the microbial treatment of brackish water is investigated on different water samples collected from Manzala Lake. Remarkably, the amount of viable bacteria in the brackish water decreases by about 93% using AgNPs@SG material that not only combats antibiotic-resistant strains but also works under harsh conditions such as multiple-source contamination, high eutrophic state, and salinity.
Variance-based global sensitivity analysis of a multi-population, single-chamber microbial fuel cell operating in continuous flow mode at steady state
Authors: Ashraf Hafsa M. , Abu-Reesh Ibrahim M.
Published: November 2022

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are environmentally friendly devices which are used to convert chemical energy in organic wastes to electrical energy. MFCs have a strong non-linearity that requires a very sophisticated controlling system. Consequently, this makes optimization and performance study of MFCs a difficult process. For better estimation of the constants used for optimization of MFCs, global sensitivity analysis is performed. The global sensitivity method based on Sobol’s indices coupled with Monte Carlo simulations was applied on multi-population, single-chamber MFC operating in a continuous flow at steady state for the first time. In this paper, first-order and total-order sensitivity indices were used to visualize the impacts associated with six main parameters resulted from the maximization of power density using Matlab. Such parameters are maximum anodophilic-specific growth rate, half-rate constant of anodophilics, curve steepness factor, mediator half-rate constant, number of electrons transferred per mole mediator and decay rate constant of anodophilic bacteria. The results showed that the curve steepness factor has almost no impact on the power density of MFC. While all other studied, factors are sensitive parameters that impact the power density of MFC. It is worth mentioning that maximum anodophilic growth rate and the number of electrons transferred per mole of mediator are the most sensitive parameters that affecting the power density production having total indices of 0.74 and 0.624, respectively. While the half-rate constant of anodophilics, mediator half-rate constant and decay rate constant of anodophilics have almost similar impact by having total-order indices of 0.127, 0.144 and 0.192, respectively. The findings herein are critical in understanding and further model improvement of microbial fuel cells as the most impacting parameters on MFC power density can be optimized further to reduce uncertainty associated with the experimental parameters in the model.

Graphical abstract
Prenatal Diagnosis of Ductus Arteriosus Aneurysm: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Hrfi Abdah , Binfadel Maha , Al Sehly Abdullah
Published: November 2022

The ductus arteriosus (DA) is a vascular shunt between the main pulmonary artery and the proximal descending aorta, allowing the oxygenated blood from the placenta to bypass the fetal pulmonary circulation and supply oxygen-rich blood to the systemic circulation. Anomalies within the ductus arteriosus can compromise fetal circulation. Ductus arteriosus aneurysm (DAA) is a localized saccular or tubular dilation of the DA and is considered a rare lesion. However, many reports in the literature describe DAA in the infancy period, with limited reports describing the lesion prenatally. We diagnosed a case of ductus arteriosus aneurysm with mild hypoplasia of the transverse arch prenatally at a 37-week gestational age. Both resolved spontaneously in the third week of life without complication.
Federated learning based on stratified sampling and regularization
Authors: Lu Chenyang , Ma Wubin , Wang Rui , Deng Su , Wu Yahui
Published: November 2022

Federated learning (FL) is a new distributed learning framework that is different from traditional distributed machine learning: (1) differences in communication, computing, and storage performance among devices (device heterogeneity), (2) differences in data distribution and data volume (data heterogeneity), and (3) high communication consumption. Under heterogeneous conditions, the data distribution of clients varies greatly, which leads to the problem that the convergence speed of the training model decreases and the training model cannot converge to the global optimal solution. In this work, an FL algorithm based on stratified sampling and regularization (FedSSAR) is proposed. In FedSSAR, a density-based clustering method is used to divide the overall client into different clusters, then, some available clients are proportionally extracted from different clusters to participate in training which realizes unbiased sampling for the overall client and reduces the aggregation weight variance of the client. At the same time, when calculating the model local loss function, we limit the update direction of the model by a regular term, so that heterogeneous clients are optimized in the globally optimal direction. We prove the convergence of FedSSAR theoretically and experimentally, and demonstrate the superiority of FedSSAR by comparing it with other FL algorithms on public datasets.
Conceptualising TPACK Within Mathematics Education: Teachers’ Strategies for Capitalising on Transitions Within and Beyond Dynamic Geometry Software
Authors: Bretscher Nicola
Published: November 2022

This article investigates the knowledge arising in mathematics teachers’ planning of how to manage transitions within and beyond dynamic geometry environments in the topic of circle theorems. The notion of situated abstraction is used to elaborate the central TPACK construct within mathematics education and address previous criticisms of the framework, specifically to clarify the distinction between the central construct and the dyadic constructs. Four case-study teachers each participated in a semi-structured interview based upon a pre-configured GeoGebra file. The teachers were asked to demonstrate how they would use the GeoGebra file to introduce students to the circle theorem that the angle at the centre of the circle, subtended by an arc, is double the angle at the circumference subtended by the same arc. The visual and audio aspects of the GeoGebra interviews were recorded and the TPACK framework used to analyse teachers’ knowledge arising in the four interviews. The central TPACK construct is illustrated with examples of teachers’ strategies for capitalising on transitions within and beyond dynamic geometry environments for the purposes of teaching circle theorems and contrasted with the dyadic construct of TCK. The utility of the theoretical elaboration of the TPACK construct within mathematics education is demonstrated and implications discussed.
Utilization of Scrap Metals as Reductants for Improved Ni and Cu Recoveries in Copper Smelting
Authors: Avarmaa Katri , Klemettinen Lassi , Taskinen Pekka , Lindberg Daniel , Pihlasalo Jouni , Johto Hannu , Jokilaakso Ari
Published: November 2022

This study investigated a novel approach of using Al and Al–Mg scrap as heat providers and reductants that do not cause direct carbon-containing emissions in pyrometallurgical copper processing. Aluminum and magnesium are typical elements in metal wastes, such as WEEE, and they oxide easily under copper smelting conditions. In the reduction experiments, a copper- and nickel-rich industrial slag was equilibrated under Ar gas atmosphere at 1300 °C, after which a reductant metal piece was dropped on top of the slag. The slag-reductant samples were drop quenched in brine after 2–128 min of reduction. Thermodynamic calculations were executed with MTDATA to evaluate the phase equilibria and thermochemistry of the copper slag in metallothermic reduction. All the results proved that Al and Al-5wt% Mg alloys can be used as reductants in copper processes to enhance the recoveries of nickel and copper in metal/matte. Cu concentration in slag decreased from 2 to 1.2 wt% and Ni from 1.7 to 1.2 wt% in 30 min in aluminothermic reduction experiments, despite an immediate formation of a solid alumina layer on the surface of the reductant, hindering the reduction kinetics. The heat produced was calculated as 31 kWh/ton slag or 2.1 kWh/kg added Al or Al–Mg.

Graphical Abstract
Solid-State Electrochemistry and Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Status and Future Prospects
Authors: Jiang San Ping
Published: November 2022

Solid-state electrochemistry (SSE) is an interdisciplinary field bridging electrochemistry and solid-state ionics and deals primarily with the properties of solids that conduct ions in the case of ionic conducting solid electrolytes and electrons and/or electron holes in the case of mixed ionic and electronic conducting materials. However, in solid-state devices such as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), there are unique electrochemical features due to the high operating temperature (600–1 000 °C) and solid electrolytes and electrodes. The solid-to-solid contact at the electrode/electrolyte interface is one of the most distinguished features of SOFCs and is one of the fundamental reasons for the occurance of most importance phenomena such as shift of the equipotential lines, the constriction effect, polarization-induced interface formation, etc. in SOFCs. The restriction in placing the reference electrode in solid electrolyte cells further complicates the SSE in SOFCs. In addition, the migration species at the solid electrode/electrolyte interface is oxygen ions, while in the case of the liquid electrolyte system, the migration species is electrons. The increased knowledge and understanding of SSE phenomena have guided the development of SOFC technologies in the last 30–40 years, but thus far, no up-to-date reviews on this important topic have appeared. The purpose of the current article is to review and update the progress and achievements in the SSE in SOFCs, largely based on the author’s past few decades of research and understanding in the field, and to serve as an introduction to the basics of the SSE in solid electrolyte devices such as SOFCs.

Graphical abstract
Die Nebenniere: zwischen Diagnostik, konservativer und operativer Therapie
Authors: Bergmann Tanja
Published: November 2022

Die Nebennieren spielen eine zentrale Rolle in der Regulation verschiedenster Stoffwechselprozesse im Körper, nicht zuletzt aufgrund der adrenalen Produktion des lebenswichtigen Hormons Hydrokortison. Erkrankungen der Nebenniere manifestieren sich als Funktionsstörungen in der Produktion der einzelnen Nebennierenhormone und/oder stellen als zufällig aufgefallene Raumforderungen nicht nur die Endokrinologen, sondern immer wieder auch andere Fachdisziplinen vor diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderungen. Die aktuelle europäische Leitlinie zu Inzidentalomen der Nebennieren gibt hierzu gute Handlungsanweisungen für die Praxis. Dennoch steht sehr häufig am Ende der Entscheidungskette ein interdisziplinäres Team, in welchem die Fälle besprochen werden sollten.
Are Some Ways of Expressing Gratitude More Beneficial Than Others? Results From a Randomized Controlled Experiment
Authors: Regan Annie , Walsh Lisa C. , Lyubomirsky Sonja
Published: November 2022

Gratitude activities have been shown to increase well-being and other positive outcomes in numerous experiments to date. The current study tested whether self-directed gratitude interventions that vary by type (i.e., social vs. nonsocial) and format (i.e., long-form letters vs. shorter lists) produce differential benefits. To that end, 958 Australian adults were assigned to one of six activities to complete each day for 1 week, including five gratitude activities that varied by type and format and an active control condition (i.e., keeping track of daily activities). Regressed change analyses revealed that, overall, long-form writing exercises (i.e., essays and letters) resulted in greater subjective well-being and other positive outcomes than lists. Indeed, those who were instructed to write social and nonsocial gratitudelistsdid not differ from controls on any outcomes. However, participants who wrote unconstrained gratitude lists—that is, those who wrote about any topics they wanted—reported greater feelings of gratitude and positive affect than did controls. Finally, relative to the other gratitude conditions, participants who wrote gratitude letters to particular individuals in their lives not only showed stronger feelings of gratitude, elevation, and other positive emotions but also reported feeling more indebted. This study demonstrates that not only does gratitude “work” to boost well-being relative to an active neutral activity, but that some forms of gratitude may be more effective than others. We hope these findings help scholars and practitioners to develop, tailor, implement, and scale future gratitude-based interventions.
Approximation in $$AC(\sigma )$$
Authors: Doust Ian , Leinert Michael , Stoneham Alan
Published: November 2022

For a nonempty compact subset $$\sigma$$
σ
in the plane, the space $$AC(\sigma )$$

A
C
(
σ
)

is the closure of the space of complex polynomials in two real variables under a particular variation norm. In the classical setting, AC[0, 1] contains several other useful dense subsets, such as continuous piecewise linear functions, $$C^1$$

C
1

functions and Lipschitz functions. In this paper, we examine analogues of these results in this more general setting.
Solvent effects on the photooxidation of indolepyrazines
Authors: Golec Barbara , Gorski Aleksander , Thummel Randolph P. , Sierakowski Maciej , Waluk Jacek
Published: November 2022

Photodestruction of 2-(pyrazin-2′-yl)-1H-indole and 2,5-di(1H-indol-2′-yl)pyrazine involves singlet oxygen generation and its rapid insertion into the indole ring with the formation of benzoxazinone derivatives: 2-(pyrazin-2-yl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one and 2-[5-(1H-indol-2-yl)pyrazin-2-yl]-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one. The quantum yield of this reaction strongly depends on the environment. It is definitely smaller in protic methanol than in aprotic acetonitrile or n-hexane. The observed effect of photostabilization is explained by formation of hydrogen bonded complexes between the chromophore and alcohol, which results in lower triplet formation efficiency and, in consequence, decrease of singlet oxygen formation quantum yield.

Graphical abstract
Making the List: Reevaluating Political Trust and Social Desirability in China
Authors: NICHOLSON STEPHEN P. , HUANG HAIFENG
Published: November 2022

We examined sensitive questions on political trust and regime support in China using indirect methods. We replicated previous list experiment results confirming that a majority trusts the central government despite overreports. We also conducted novel list experiments on trust in local government and support for removal of the presidential term limit and found evidence of overreporting for both. The point estimate for local government also suggests majority trust, but the central government is both more trusted and feared. However, we did not find evidence of majority support for removing the term limit at the time of the removal, indicating that the public may negatively evaluate government, albeit indirectly, in some circumstances. Last, examining self-monitoring, a personality trait for examining social desirability, we found that it only influenced overreporting trust in the central government. The results reveal meaningful variation in political trust and regime support in the world’s largest authoritarian society.
John Garang On Air: Radio Battles in Sudan's Second Civil War
Authors: Del Vicario Danielle
Published: November 2022

This article explores radio broadcasting and monitoring by and about Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A) leader John Garang during Sudan's second civil war, focusing on the core period of Radio SPLA broadcasting (1984–91). Through oral history, memoirs, and international monitoring reports, the article analyzes radio conversations between Garang and his critics — northern Sudanese, southern Sudanese, and international — to argue that radio battles directly shaped the struggle for political authority between Garang and the Sudanese government, and within the SPLM/A elite. Radio allowed Garang to speak to a dispersed audience within and beyond Sudan, presenting an alternative history of Sudan, publicizing his vision of a New Sudan, and asserting his pseudo-sovereign control of SPLM/A-held territory. However, Radio SPLA did not exist in a vacuum; Garang's rivals responded on government and international radio to criticize his leadership in targeted, personal terms. Radio thus powerfully mediated between personal, national, and international politics during the SPLM/A's liberation struggle.
Autonomous control design of an unmanned aerial manipulator for contact inspection
Authors: Zeng Junhao , Zhong Hang , Wang Yaonan , Fan Shuangwen , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2022

In recent years, autonomous control based on contact inspections in unknown environments is a new hot and difficult point in robotics research. This paper presents a new control law for unmanned aerial manipulator (UAM) to perform contact inspection tasks on vertical surfaces. The selected circular image feature decouples the position and attitude of UAM, so an image-based impedance control is proposed to control the position and track the contact force. The developed controller uses geometric methods to control the attitude. In addition, the designed aerial manipulator decouples the roll and pitch of the UAV from the UAV, which improves the system’s stability. Experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of this method.
Broadband frequency reconfigurable printed transceivers for microwave imaging systems
Authors: Malhotra Ankita , Basu Ananjan
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we propose a novel method for obtaining wideband spectral information of the target in microwave imaging systems by using broadband frequency reconfigurable printed transceivers. The proposed transceiver is composed of two embedded stacked microstrip antenna configurations operating in C-band (5.5–8.5 GHz) and X-band (8.5–11.5 GHz) with each having 3 GHz bandwidth. The transceiver switches between the two configurations (and thus frequency bands) using PIN diodes and collects response of the antenna in the presence of the target, in both the operating bands. This information is then combined to obtain wideband spectral information of the target from 5.5 to 11.5 GHz to achieve improved image reconstruction. The proposed reconfigurable transceiver has advantage over traditional broadband transceivers (those have slots/meandering at ground plane to achieve wideband response) that it has unidirectional radiation patterns throughout its band of operation. Hence the imaging system is implemented without the absorbers. This keeps the system compact and inconspicuous when installed for security applications. Here, a bistatic system is employed with two-dimensional target scanning performed in a real outdoor environment.
Videobasierte Beratung
Authors: Schaarschmidt Nadine
Published: November 2022

Die Vor- und Nachteile von Video-Beratung 

Leidet die Qualität des Kontakts unter medienvermittelter Kommunikation oder stellt sie sogar einen Mehrwert dar? Die Einsatzmöglichkeiten für Video-Beratung sind vielfältig, jedoch kaum konzeptionell-methodisch gestützt und nur ansatzweise wissenschaftlich erforscht. Diese Lücke schließt Nadine Schaarschmidt. Sie zeigt, ob und auf welche Art sich die Kommunikation zwischen Berater_in und Klient_in verändert, sobald das Gespräch nicht mehr von Angesicht zu Angesicht, sondern videovermittelt stattfindet.
Video-Beratung bietet eine niedrige Zugangsschwelle zu psychosozialer Unterstützung von psychisch belasteten Menschen, die z.B. 
•zeitlich und beruflich stark eingebunden sind, 
•körperliche Einschränkungen haben oder
•in ländlichen Gebieten oder Gegenden mit unzureichender psychologischer und psychotherapeutischer Gesundheitsversorgung leben.
Neben theoretischen Ausführungen werden praktische Handlungsanweisungen für die Durchführung videogestützter Beratung von Klient_innen angeboten und mit empirischen Ergebnissen verknüpft. Durch ein tieferes Verständnis von Theorie und Empirie lassen sich mögliche Fehler vermeiden und die Beratung kann wirkungsvoll gestaltet werden.
Suggestion, Empathie und Evidenz in der Medizin
Authors: Jörg Johannes
Published: November 2022

Selbstheilungskräfte durch psychische und physiologische Veränderungen aktivieren

Patient_innen haben je nach Persönlichkeit, ihrem sozialen, kulturellen und religiösen Umfeld sowie der Art der Erkrankung beim Arztkontakt eine abwartende, bei Notfällen meist ängstliche Grundstimmung. Die Situation geht oft nicht nur mit einer erhöhten Erwartungshaltung („Hoffnung“), sondern mit einer verstärkten psychischen sowie vegetativen Beeinflussbarkeit einher. 
Suggestion und Autosuggestion können, je nach Grad der psychovegetativen Beeinflussbarkeit, die Selbstheilungskräfte durch psychische und physiologische Veränderungen aktivieren. Der Autor beschreibt anschaulich, wie der bewusste Einsatz von Empathie und Suggestion im Rahmen der ärztlichen Tätigkeit sowohl eine enge Arzt-Patienten-Beziehung fördern und Therapieergebnisse positiv beeinflussen, aber auch als übersteigerte Form in Selbstüberschätzung oder Missbrauch übergehen kann. 
In 18 praxisnahen Kasuistiken werden unterschiedliche Situationen beleuchtet, in denen Potenzial und mögliche Risiken beschrieben werden: 
•Bei welchen Patient_innen gibt es eine erhöhte Suggestibilität? 
•Was ist beim Einsatz von Suggestiv-Methoden und Placebo-Therapien zu beachten? 
•Warum können Telemedizin, künstliche Intelligenz oder Robotik trotz „empathieloser Informationen“ besonders hilfreich sein? 
Dem Autor gelingt ein pragmatischer Brückenschlag zwischen verschiedenen Ansätzen der Universitätsmedizin mit ihren evidenz- und leitlinienbasierten Schwerpunkten, der Komplementärmedizin und der digitalen Medizin.
Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Auer Anne Kristin von , Kaess Michael
Published: November 2022

Die Behandlung von Jugendlichen mit einer Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung und deren Familien stellt oft eine Herausforderung für Therapeutinnen und Therapeuten dar. Der Band liefert wichtige Informationen zur Symptomatik und Diagnostik und beschreibt das Vorgehen in der Einzel- und Familienarbeit. Der Band ist damit eine wichtige Ergänzung des interaktiven Skillstrainings für Jugendliche, welches vor allem die Vermittlung von Skills beschreibt.
Als zentrales Behandlungsprogramm wird die Dialektisch-Behaviorale Therapie für Adoleszente (DBT-A) vorgestellt. Die DBT-A ist ein kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutisches Konzept, das speziell für die Arbeit mit emotional-instabilen Jugendlichen und deren Familien konzipiert wurde. Neben dem kognitiv-verhaltenstherapeutischen Ansatz spielt als Basis für alle anderen Therapiebausteine eine dialektische Haltung, die die Pole Akzeptanz und Veränderung integriert und eine achtsame Haltung, die annehmend und möglichst nicht bewertend ist, eine große Rolle. Der Band erläutert die Struktur der DBT-A, die Grundhaltung, die zentralen Behandlungsstrategien sowie die Einbettung des Skillstrainings. Durch die Integration von Strategien der Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) sollen die Patientinnen und Patienten lernen, Mitgefühl für sich und andere zu entwickeln. Der Einsatz von DBT-Familienskills, die von Alan Fruzzetti und Perry Hoffman entwickelt wurden, soll Eltern von emotional-instabilen Jugendlichen dabei helfen, sich selbst besser zu regulieren und die Interaktion innerhalb der Familie zu verbessern.
Leitfaden zur Erfassung des psychopathologischen Befundes
Authors: Fähndrich Erdmann , Stieglitz Rolf-Dieter
Published: November 2022

Der Interviewleitfaden ist für die Arbeit mit dem AMDP-System entwickelt worden, kann jedoch auch unabhängig von der Anwendung des Systems eingesetzt werden. Er dient der Erfassung des psychopathologischen Befundes. Fachkräften aus der Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Klinischen Psychologie wird damit ein Hilfsmittel zur Verfügung gestellt, um mit entsprechenden Fragen zielgerichtet und dennoch einfühlsam ein weites Spektrum an psychopathologischen Symptomen zu erfassen.
Die vorliegende 6. Auflage berücksichtigt alle aktuellen Veränderungen der 11. Auflage des AMDP-Systems. Neben einer Überarbeitung des theoretischen Teils des Interviewleitfadens, wurde auch der Fragenkatalog überarbeitet und erweitert, so dass insgesamt die Nutzerfreundlichkeit des Leitfadens nochmals verbessert werden konnte.
Der Interviewleitfaden ist auch Bestandteil des AMDP-Buchsets (ISBN 978-3-8017-3193-9).
Psychopathologisches Befund-System für Kinder und Jugendliche (CASCAP-2)
Authors: Döpfner Manfred , Berner Walter , Breuer Dieter , Flechtner Henning , Lehmkuhl Gerd , Steinhausen Hans-Christoph
Published: November 2022

Das Psychopathologische Befund-System für Kinder und Jugendliche (CASCAP-2) dient der Erfassung der wichtigsten Merkmale psychischer Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Mithilfe des CASCAP-2 können über 100 psychopathologische Merkmale klinisch beurteilt werden. Die Diagnostikerin bzw. der Diagnostiker nimmt die Einschätzung auf der Basis einer klinischen Exploration des Kindes bzw. Jugendlichen und der begleitenden Bezugsperson(en) sowie anhand eigener Beobachtungen in der Untersuchungssituation vor.
CASCAP-2 besteht aus drei Komponenten: dem Befundbogen, dem Glossar und dem Explorationsleitfaden. Im Glossar werden die einzelnen Merkmale definiert, Beispiele für eine starke Symptomausprägung gegeben und abzugrenzende Merkmale aufgelistet. Der Explorationsleitfaden beinhaltet Beispielfragen und liegt in zwei Versionen vor, eine für die Exploration des Kindes bzw. des Jugendlichen und eine für die Exploration der Bezugsperson(en). Auf dem separat lieferbaren Befundbogen werden die klinischen Beurteilungen dokumentiert.
CASCAP-2 ist der Nachfolger des CASCAP-D. Im Befund-System wurden einige psychopathologische Merkmale hinzugefügt. Entsprechend wurden das Glossar und der Befundbogen überarbeitet und der Explorationsleitfaden erweitert. Im Manual wurden weitere empirische Studien ergänzt und es wird ein neues empirisches Skalenmodell vorgestellt.
CASCAP-2 ergänzt die kategoriale Diagnostik durch eine phänomenologische Beschreibung psychischer Störungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen auf der Ebene von Einzelsymptomen. Das für die Praxis konzipierte Instrument lässt sich sehr gut in klinische Routineabläufe integrieren.
Determinant of Sea Salt Aerosol Emission in the Southern Hemisphere in Summer Time
Authors: Shi Jun , Yan Jinpei , Wang Shanshan , Zhao Shuhui , Zhang Miming , Xu Suqing , Lin Qi , Yang Hang
Published: November 2022

High‐time resolution (1h) aerosol composition measurements were performed in the Southern Hemisphere during February 2018–April 2018. Na+ was the most abundant water‐soluble ion (WSI) species, accounting for 67% of the total WSIs. The highest Na+ levels were observed in low‐middle latitudes (20–40°S) with an average concentration of 2.69 ± 2.16 μg m−3. This was 2–3 times greater than in other regions. Low temperature (T) and strong short‐term variations of wind speed (WS) were associated with relatively low Na+ concentrations in high‐middle latitudes (40–60°S), where there was a strong mean WS (9.1 m s−1). When WS < 7 m s−1, Na+ concentrations were low in all T ranges. Temperature and Na+ concentrations were moderately positively correlated when 10 ≤ WS < 13 m s−1 and WS ≥ 13 m s−1 (R2 = 0.48 and 0.34, respectively). Na+ concentrations were very low when relative humidity (RH) < 60% and significantly increased when RH was between 70% and 90%. However, Na+ concentrations under high RH (90%–100%) were not higher than those with RH between 70% and 90%, implying that a number of fine particles will increase their mass and convert to coarse particles and lead to a greater gravity sedimentation in high RH. Close to the Antarctic, Na+ concentrations decreased significantly under high WS levels, suggesting that sea ice cover reduces the production of sea salt aerosols (SSAs). What's more, air mass trajectory and the source of air mass also had an effect on the concentrations of SSAs. The results presented here extend the knowledge of the impact of sea salt on atmospheric aerosols above the Southern Hemisphere Ocean.
Understanding the Role of Terrestrial and Marine Carbon in the Mid‐Latitude Fjords of Scotland
Authors: Smeaton C. , Austin W. E. N.
Published: November 2022

The sediments within fjords are critical components of the mid‐ to high‐latitude coastal carbon (C) cycle, trapping and storing more organic carbon (OC) per unit area than other marine sedimentary environments. Located at the land‐ocean transition, fjord sediments receive OC from both marine and terrestrial environments; globally, it has been estimated that 55%–62% of the OC held within modern fjord sediments originates from terrestrial environments. However, the mid‐latitude fjords of the Northern Hemisphere have largely been omitted from these global compilations. Here we investigate the mechanism driving the distribution of OC originating from different sources within the sediments of 38 Scottish fjords. From an array of fjord characteristics, the tidal range and outer sill depth were identified as the main drivers governing the proportions of marine and terrestrial OC in the sediments. Utilizing this relationship, we estimate that on average 52% ± 10% of the OC held within the sediments of all Scotland's fjords is terrestrial in origin. These findings show that the Scottish fjords hold equivalent quantities of terrestrial OC as other global fjord systems. However, the analysis also highlights that the sediments within 29% of Scottish fjords are dominated by marine derived OC, which is driven by local fjord geomorphology and oceanography.
Earthquake Cycle Deformation Associated With the 2021 MW 7.4 Maduo (Eastern Tibet) Earthquake: An Intrablock Rupture Event on a Slow‐Slipping Fault From Sentinel‐1 InSAR and Teleseismic Data
Authors: Fang Jin , Ou Qi , Wright Tim J. , Okuwaki Ryo , Amey Ruth M. J. , Craig Tim J. , Elliott John R. , Hooper Andy , Lazecký Milan , Maghsoudi Yasser
Published: November 2022

In the continents, the importance of earthquakes that occur away from major block‐bounding faults is still debated. The 21 May 2021 MW ∼ 7.4 Maduo earthquake occurred on a secondary fault away from previously‐identified major block boundaries. Here we use 7 years of Sentinel‐1 Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series (between October 2014 and November 2021) to determine the distribution of coseismic slip and early postseismic afterslip following the Maduo earthquake, and the preceding interseismic strain accumulation. We devised a 13‐segment 3‐D fault geometry constrained by the SAR range offsets and the distribution of relocated aftershocks and used a Bayesian method incorporating von Karman regularization to solve for coseismic slip and afterslip models. We also used teleseismic waveforms as a standalone inversion to show the rupture evolution in space and time during the earthquake, finding that it propagates bilaterally with three notable rupture episodes. Our preferred coseismic self‐similar slip model shows a moderate shallow slip deficit, with the majority of moment release occurring in the depth interval of 1–10 km. The coseismic slip deficit is taken up in part by afterslip at shallow (<4 km) depths that grows linearly with time during the first ∼6 months, and at >10 km depths where afterslip grows logarithmically with time. We suggest that this heterogeneity is likely controlled by spatial variations in fault friction related to lithology. We discuss the implications for seismic hazard away from major tectonic block boundaries in light of our observations of the earthquake cycle on this intrablock fault.
PA-MSHA induces inflamed tumor microenvironment and sensitizes tumor to anti-PD-1 therapy
Authors: Huang Min , He Fang , Li Dan , Xie Ya-Jia , Jiang Ze-Bo , Huang Ju-Min , Zhao Xiao-Ping , Nasim Ali Adnan , Chen Jun-Hui , Hou Jin-Cai , Fan Xian-Ming , Leung Elaine Lai-Han , Fan Xing-Xing
Published: November 2022

A low response rate to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has impeded its clinical use. As reported previously, an inflamed tumor microenvironment (TME) was directly correlated with patients’ response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Thus, restoring the cytotoxic effect of immune cells in the TME is a promising way to improve the efficacy of ICB and overcome primary resistance to immunotherapy. The effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mannose-sensitive-hemagglutinin (PA-MSHA) in facilitating T cell activation was determined in vitro and in vivo. Subsets of immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. Proteomics was carried out to comprehensively analyze the discriminated cellular kinases and transcription factors. The combinational efficacy of PA-MSHA and αPD-1 therapy was studied in vivo. In this study we demonstrated that PA-MSHA, which is a clinically used immune adjuvant, effectively induced the anti-tumor immune response and suppressed the growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. PA-MSHA showed great potential to sensitize refractory “cold” tumors to immunotherapy. It effectively enhanced macrophage M1 polarization and induced T cell activation. In vivo, in combination with αPD-1, PA-MSHA suppressed tumor growth and prolonged the survival time of allograft model mice. These results indicate that PA-MSHA is a potent agent to stimulate immune cells infiltration into the TME and consequently induces inflammation in tumors. The combination of PA-MSHA with αPD-1 is a potential strategy to enhance the clinical response rate to ICI therapy.
Machine learning-based prediction of cognitive outcomes in de novo Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Harvey Joshua , Reijnders Rick A. , Cavill Rachel , Duits Annelien , Köhler Sebastian , Eijssen Lars , Rutten Bart P. F. , Shireby Gemma , Torkamani Ali , Creese Byron , Leentjens Albert F. G. , Lunnon Katie , Pishva Ehsan
Published: November 2022

Cognitive impairment is a debilitating symptom in Parkinson’s disease (PD). We aimed to establish an accurate multivariate machine learning (ML) model to predict cognitive outcome in newly diagnosed PD cases from the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI). Annual cognitive assessments over an 8-year time span were used to define two cognitive outcomes of (i) cognitive impairment, and (ii) dementia conversion. Selected baseline variables were organized into three subsets of clinical, biofluid and genetic/epigenetic measures and tested using four different ML algorithms. Irrespective of the ML algorithm used, the models consisting of the clinical variables performed best and showed better prediction of cognitive impairment outcome over dementia conversion. We observed a marginal improvement in the prediction performance when clinical, biofluid, and epigenetic/genetic variables were all included in one model. Several cerebrospinal fluid measures and an epigenetic marker showed high predictive weighting in multiple models when included alongside clinical variables.
Identifying psychiatric manifestations in schizophrenia and depression from audio-visual behavioural indicators through a machine-learning approach
Authors: Xu Shihao , Yang Zixu , Chakraborty Debsubhra , Chua Yi Han Victoria , Tolomeo Serenella , Winkler Stefan , Birnbaum Michel , Tan Bhing-Leet , Lee Jimmy , Dauwels Justin
Published: November 2022

Schizophrenia (SCZ) and depression (MDD) are two chronic mental disorders that seriously affect the quality of life of millions of people worldwide. We aim to develop machine-learning methods with objective linguistic, speech, facial, and motor behavioral cues to reliably predict the severity of psychopathology or cognitive function, and distinguish diagnosis groups. We collected and analyzed the speech, facial expressions, and body movement recordings of 228 participants (103 SCZ, 50 MDD, and 75 healthy controls) from two separate studies. We created an ensemble machine-learning pipeline and achieved a balanced accuracy of 75.3% for classifying the total score of negative symptoms, 75.6% for the composite score of cognitive deficits, and 73.6% for the total score of general psychiatric symptoms in the mixed sample containing all three diagnostic groups. The proposed system is also able to differentiate between MDD and SCZ with a balanced accuracy of 84.7% and differentiate patients with SCZ or MDD from healthy controls with a balanced accuracy of 82.3%. These results suggest that machine-learning models leveraging audio-visual characteristics can help diagnose, assess, and monitor patients with schizophrenia and depression.