bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A near-infrared water-soluble fluorescent probe for the detection of biothiols in living cells and Escherichia coli
Authors: Li Ling-Ling , He Pei-Yang , Shi Lei , Pan Sheng-Lin , Li Meng-Yang , Zhou Qian , Zhang Hong , Wang Nan , Li Kun , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: December 2018

An efficient near-infrared imaging method for the selective detection of biothiols in living cells, Escherichia coli and rat liver tissue is developed using an off-on fluorescent probe.
Mussel-inspired copolymer-coated polypropylene mesh with anti-adhesion efficiency for abdominal wall defect repair
Authors: Hu Wanjun , Lu Shenglin , Zhang Zhihang , Zhu Long , Wen Yazhou , Zhang Tianzhu , Ji Zhenling
Published: December 2018

Construction of anti-adhesive polypropylene meshes through the in situ copolymerization grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) methacrylate and dopamine methacrylamide.
Live-cell imaging and profiling of c-Jun N-terminal kinases using covalent inhibitor-derived probes
Authors: Qian Linghui , Pan Sijun , Lee Jun-Seok , Ge Jingyan , Li Lin , Yao Shao Q.
Published: December 2018

Bioorthogonal probes which feature covalent labelling, and the corresponding two-photon fluorogenic reporters, are used to profile and image cellular JNKs.
Facile synthesis of Ag2Te nanowires and thermoelectric properties of Ag2Te polycrystals sintered by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Chang Yi , Guo Jun , Tang Yun-Qiao , Zhang Yi-Xing , Feng Jing , Ge Zhen-Hua
Published: December 2018

Ag2Te nanowires with a diameter of approximately 200 nm and a length of several micrometers were prepared using a simple one-step solvothermal method without templates and surfactants.
Dissociative photodetachment vs. photodissociation of aromatic carboxylates: the benzoate and naphthoate anions
Authors: Pino Gustavo A. , Jara-Toro Rafael A. , Aranguren-Abrate Juan P. , Dedonder-Lardeux Claude , Jouvet Christophe
Published: December 2018

Photodetachment leads to a stable radical and to dissociation. Both processes are characterized by the kinetic energy release of the neutral particles.
Hybrid VS2 cocatalyst and phosphorus dopant towards both surface and bulk modification of ZnCdS/CdS heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lin Ye-Zhan , Wang Zhao-Xu , Li Kui , Li Tao , Liu Fu-Tian
Published: December 2018

The bulk phosphorus doping and the surface VS2 modification over ZnCdS–CdS show synergistic effects for improving its photocatalytic activity.
Palladium(ii) pincer complexes of a C,C,C-NHC, diphosphonium bis(ylide) ligand
Authors: Taakili Rachid , Lepetit Christine , Duhayon Carine , Valyaev Dmitry A. , Lugan Noël , Canac Yves
Published: December 2018

The preparation, characterization, and reactivity of Pd(ii) complexes of the C,C,C-NHC, diphosphonium bis(ylide) pincer ligand of LX2-type are here described.
Multicolor-tunable up-conversion emissions of Yb3+,Er3+/Ho3+ co-doped Ba3Lu2Zn5O11: crystal structure, luminescence and energy transfer properties
Authors: Kang Xiaojiao , Lü Wei , Wang Hongcheng , Ling Dongxiong
Published: December 2018

We report the multicolor-tunable up-conversion emissions of Yb3+,Er3+/Ho3+ co-doped Ba3Lu2Zn5O11 phosphors.
Aggregation of [LnIII12] clusters by the dianion of 3-formylsalicylic acid. Synthesis, crystal structures, magnetic and luminescence properties
Authors: Dinca Alina S. , Mindru Alexei , Dragancea Diana , Tiseanu Carmen , Shova Sergiu , Cornia Samuele , Carrella Luca M. , Rentschler Eva , Affronte Marco , Andruh Marius
Published: December 2018

Three different lanthanides (EuIII, GdIII, DyIII) have been used to generate [Ln12] clusters with specific optical and magnetic properties.
Bright thermal (blackbody) emission of visible light from LnO2 (Ln = Pr, Tb), photoinduced by a NIR 980 nm laser
Authors: Silva Filho C. I. , Oliveira A. L. , Pereira S. C. F. , de Sá Gilberto F. , da Luz L. L. , Alves S.
Published: December 2018

The light-induced blackbody emission from lanthanide dioxide can improve the solar cell performance by converting NIR photons into bright visible light.
Sulfur substitution in a Ni(cyclam) derivative results in lower overpotential for CO2 reduction and enhanced proton reduction
Authors: Gerschel P. , Warm K. , Farquhar E. R. , Englert U. , Reback M. L. , Siegmund D. , Ray K. , Apfel U.-P.
Published: December 2018

N/S replacement in Ni-cyclam complexes highlights the importance of biologically relevant sulfur ligands in the CO2 and proton reduction.
Multifaceted ion exchange resin-supported hydrogen fluoride: a path to flow hydrofluorination
Authors: Lu Zhichao , Bajwa Bhvandip S. , Otome Okoromoba E. , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo
Published: December 2018

A solid anhydrous hydrogen fluoride equivalent was prepared by mixing HF gas with an inexpensive anion exchange resin (A26-HF, HF content 30% wt/wt).
Identification of the first enantiopure Rac1–Tiam1 protein–protein interaction inhibitor and its optimized synthesis via phosphine free remote group directed hydroarylation
Authors: Ruffoni Alessandro , Ferri Nicola , Pinto Andrea , Pellegrino Sara , Contini Alessandro , Clerici Francesca
Published: December 2018

The remote substituent regiocontrol of phosphine free Heck hydroarylation has been exploited for the preparation of the first enantiopure inhibitor of Rac1–Tiam1 PPI.
Synthesis of magnetic biomass carbon-based Bi2O3 photocatalyst and mechanism insight by a facile microwave and deposition method
Authors: Ma Wei , Wang Na , Lu Yao , Lu Ziyang , Tang Xu , Li Songtian
Published: December 2018

The as-synthesised Fe3O4@Bi2O3/C significantly inhibited the recombination of electron–hole pairs and improved the tetracycline degradation efficiency.
Nickel nanoparticles grown by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method for ethanol electrooxidation and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study
Authors: Vyas Akshay Nandkishor , Desai Mangesh Appasaheb , Phase Deodatta Moreshwar , Saratale Rijuta Ganesh , Ambekar Jalindar Dnyandeo , Kale Bharat Bhanudas , Pathan Habib Mohiddin , Sartale Shrikrishna Dattatraya
Published: December 2018

SILAR grown nickel nanoparticles are electrocatalytically active for ethanol electrooxidation.
Modulating the height of carbon nanotube forests by controlling the molybdenum thin film reservoir thickness
Authors: Shawat Avraham E. , Westover A. S. , Girshevitz O. , Pint C. L. , Nessim G. D.
Published: December 2018

The use of a thin layer of molybdenum delays growth termination leading to up to 5X taller CNT carpets.
Optimization of iron-doped Ni3S2 nanosheets by disorder engineering for oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Zhu Yan , Yang Haidong , Lan Kai , Iqbal Kanwal , Liu Yang , Ma Ping , Zhao Ziming , Luo Sha , Luo Yutong , Ma Jiantai
Published: December 2018

Disorder engineering were applied in Ni3S2, disclosing the relationship between disorder degree and catalytic activity for OER process. The optimized electrocatalysts (Fe7.2%-Ni3S2 NSs/NF) with moderate amorphization degrees had been fabricated as a prominent alternative OER electrocatalyst.
Synthesis of 1,3-disubstituted cyclohexenes from dienylethers via sequential hydrozirconation/deoxygenative cyclisation
Authors: Payet Amandine , Blondeau Benjamin , Behr Jean-Bernard , Vasse Jean-Luc
Published: December 2018

The preparation of 1,3-disubstituted cyclohexenes from 3-methoxyhexa-1,5-dienes involving a sequential hydrozirconation/TMSOTf-mediated activation is described.
The emulsion polymerization induced self-assembly of a thermoresponsive polymer poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)
Authors: Siirilä Joonas , Häkkinen Satu , Tenhu Heikki
Published: December 2018

A thermoresponsive polymer, poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL), was synthesized in an emulsion above its thermal transition temperature to produce particles via polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA).
Palladium-catalyzed carbene coupling of N-tosylhydrazones and arylbromides to synthesize cross-conjugated polymers
Authors: Zhou Qi , Gao Yunpeng , Xiao Yiyang , Yu Lefei , Fu Zihao , Li Zichen , Wang Jianbo
Published: December 2018

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of N-tosylhydrazones and arylbromides have been applied for the first time in the synthesis of cross-conjugated polymers, namely poly(arylene-1,1-vinylidene)s (iso-PAVs).
Hollow nanoreactors for Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura coupling and O-propargyl cleavage reactions in bio-relevant aqueous media
Authors: Destito Paolo , Sousa-Castillo Ana , Couceiro José R. , López Fernando , Correa-Duarte Miguel A. , Mascareñas José L.
Published: December 2018

We describe the fabrication of hollow microspheres consisting of mesoporous silica nanoshells decorated with an inner layer of palladium nanoparticles and their use as Pd-nanoreactors in aqueous media.
In situcharacterization of strain-induced crystallization of natural rubber by synchrotron radiation wide-angle X-ray diffraction: construction of a crystal network at low temperatures
Authors: Chen Pinzhang , Zhao Jingyun , Lin Yuanfei , Chang Jiarui , Meng Lingpu , Wang Daoliang , Chen Wei , Chen Liang , Li Liangbin
Published: December 2018

The structural evolution of NR during stretching at −40 °C and in the strain–temperature space.
Interfacial rheological behaviors of amphiphilic sodium cholesteryl glycylglycine
Authors: Wang Ce , Chen Zhenghong , Dong Jianrui , Ullah Sana , Zhao Li , Zhang Guiju , Xu Baocai
Published: December 2018

Sodium cholesteryl glycylglycine molecules arrange compactly at the interface and the relaxation processes significantly slow down because of the strong van der Waals interaction and rigid skeleton of the cholesteryl moiety.
Reversible oxygen intercalation in hexagonal Y0.7Tb0.3MnO3+δ: toward oxygen production by temperature-swing absorption in air
Authors: Klimkowicz Alicja , Cichy Kacper , Chmaissem Omar , Dabrowski Bogdan , Poudel Bisham , Świerczek Konrad , Taddei Keith M. , Takasaki Akito
Published: December 2018

The oxygen storage capacity, oxygen exchange kinetics, structure and thermodynamic stability were studied for hexagonal Y0.7Tb0.3MnO3+δ in oxygen and air to assess its applicability for oxygen separation from air by a temperature-swing adsorption process.
Bacterial toxicity of biomimetic green zinc oxide nanoantibiotic: insights into ZnONP uptake and nanocolloid–bacteria interface
Authors: Ahmed Bilal , Solanki Bushra , Zaidi Almas , Khan Mohammad Saghir , Musarrat Javed
Published: December 2018

Growth and biofilm inhibitory action of biomimetic green ZnONPs and dissolved zinc ions on a bacterial interface.
The angular momentum of disc galaxies at z = 1
Authors: Marasco A. , Fraternali F. , Posti L. , Ijtsma M. , Di Teodoro E. M. , Oosterloo T.
Published: December 2018

We investigate the relation between stellar mass (M⋆) and specific stellar angular momentum (j⋆), or “Fall relation”, for a sample of 17 isolated, regularly rotating disc galaxies at z ∼ 1. All galaxies have rotation curves determined from Hα emission-line data; HST imaging in optical and infrared filters; and robust determinations of their stellar masses. We use HST images in f814w and f160w filters, roughly corresponding to rest-frames B and I bands, to extract surface-brightness profiles for our systems. We robustly bracket j⋆ by assuming that rotation curves beyond the outermost Hα rotation point stay either flat or follow a Keplerian fall-off. By comparing our measurements with those determined for disc galaxies in the local universe, we find no evolution in the Fall relation in the redshift range 0 <  z <  1, regardless of the band used and despite the uncertainties in the stellar rotation curves at large radii. This result holds unless stellar masses at z = 1 are systematically underestimated by ≳50%. Our findings are compatible with expectations based on a ΛCDM cosmological framework and support a scenario where both the stellar Tully–Fisher and mass-size relations for spirals do not evolve significantly in this redshift range.
Millionenforderungen der Kassen: Klagewelle gegen Kliniken ruft Politik auf den Plan
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: December 2018

Angesichts tausender Klagen von Krankenkassen gegen Kliniken will jetzt die Politik vermitteln. Bundesgesundheitsminister Jens Spahn (CDU) sucht mit beiden Kontrahenten das Gespräch, um den kulminierenden Konflikt zu entschärfen. Zuvor hatte die Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft (DKG) in scharfer Form die Klagen als „Geldabschneiderei“ kritisiert.
Klinikunternehmen: Auf-/Absteiger des Monats
Authors: Schmidt Hartmut
Published: December 2018

Börsenexperte, analysiert für kma die Jahresabschlüsse* ausgewählter Kliniken*Quelle: elektronischer Bundesanzeiger, Geschäftsberichte
IT-Sicherheit: Lücken schließen
Authors: Eisenbarth Thomas , Bruhns Ida
Published: December 2018

In den vergangenen Jahren haben Erpressertrojaner für Schlagzeilen gesorgt und daran erinnert, dass IT-Sicherheit in Krankenhäusern kein Selbstläufer ist. Dies gilt erst recht für das Krankenhaus 4.0.
Sharing Economy in der Medizin: „Drive now“ für Radiologen
Authors: Mau Jens
Published: December 2018

Medneo sorgt für Furore auf dem Radiologie-Markt. Unter dem Slogan „Radiology as a Service“ bietet das Start-up alles, was man in der Radiologie braucht – außer die ärztliche Leistung. Im kma Interview erklärt André Glardon, einer der drei Medneo-Gründer, das ungewöhnliche Geschäftsmodell.
Krankenhausbaumassnahmen: Alternative Finanzierungsformen
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: December 2018

Trotz des steigenden Investitionsbedarfs sinkt der Anteil öffentlicher Fördermittel im Sinne des Krankenhausfinanzierungsgesetzes (KHG) stetig. Im Gespräch mit kma erläutert Barbara Schulte, Geschäftsführerin der Klinikum Region Hannover GmbH, welche Konsequenzen das hat und wie sich Baumaßnahmen mithilfe alternativer Finanzierungsquellen stemmen lassen.
Die Zukunft der Gesundheitstechnik: Mensch-Maschinen-Symbiosen schaffen
Authors: Thalmayr Maria
Published: December 2018

Mitarbeiter des Gesundheitswesens sind alle längst Cyborgs, Teile eines für das Funktionieren eines Krankenhauses unerlässlichen Mensch-Maschinen-Komplexes. Die Verflechtung der Anwender mit einer zunehmend digitalen und immer schneller voranschreitenden Technik macht aus Gesundheitstechnikern Consultants in Sachen Mensch-Maschinen-Symbiosen.
Sprechstunde in der PR-Ambulanz: Wie viel Transparenz ist wirklich nötig?
Authors: Endele Kerstin
Published: December 2018

Kerstin Endele ist zur Hälfte Journalistin und zur Hälfte Biochemikerin. Seit mehr als 15 Jahren ist sie Expertin für Gesundheitskommunikation und war fünf Jahre Kommunikationschefin und Pressesprecherin der Charité. Wenn sie nicht Klinikvorstände aus Krisen rettet und Pressesprechern diverser Krankenhäuser dabei hilft, ein bisschen Strategie ins übliche Chaos zu bringen, betreibt sie mit der PR-Ambulanz (www.pr-ambulanz.com) einen der größten Blogs zur Klinikkommunikation in Deutschland.
Serial Reduction of an Extremely Large Gastroschisis using Vacuum-Assisted Closure
Authors: Butler Marilyn , Fuchs Julie , Bruzoni Matias
Published: December 2018

We herein describe a case of serial reduction of an extremely large and complex gastroschisis using vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy in a boy born at 355/7 weeks' gestation. A spring-loaded silicone silo was placed at birth. By day of life (DOL) 22, minimal visceral contents had been reduced, and the silo was difficult to maintain due to the size of the fascial defect and loss of abdominal domain. A bespoke VAC dressing was constructed, and biweekly dressing changes allowed gradual reduction of the gastroschisis until the viscera were consolidated. By DOL 50, the viscera were completely reduced, and VAC therapy was discontinued. Feeds were commenced on DOL 57 and increased to goal by DOL 86. The baby was discharged home on DOL 115. We conclude that VAC dressings can be used to aid gradual reduction of an extremely large gastroschisis, particularly in medical fragile infants.
Gap evolution of Lamb wave propagation in magneto-elastic phononic plates with pillars and holes by modulating magnetic field and stress loadings
Authors: Zhang Shunzu , Gao Yuanwen
Published: December 2018

Considering the nonlinear coupling behavior of magnetostrictive material, the modulation of Lamb wave bandgaps in magneto-elastic phononic plates composed of Terfenol-D pillars on a silicon matrix is investigated by the finite element method. By the introduction of holes, two schemes, i.e., the pillars only case for scheme-I and the trampoline (pillars and holes) case for scheme-II, are considered for exploring the effect of magnetostriction and trampoline on band structures. Numerical results show that the edges of bandgaps shift toward higher frequencies and the relative bandwidth enlarges as the magnetic field increases. The greater the compressive pre-stress applied, the greater the magnetic field at the open or closed points of the bandgap required. Compared to scheme-I, we find that the existence of holes for scheme-II can cause the closing of the higher branches’ bandgaps and the generation of a new bandgap, and larger relative bandwidth of the bandgap and wider range of the required magnetic field can be observed due to the trampoline effect. Meanwhile, the height of the pillar is a key parameter for generating or vanishing bandgaps. According to the displacement distribution of eigenmodes, it can be seen that the opening or closing of the bandgap is controlled by the coupling between Lamb modes of the plate and resonant modes of the pillars, which is induced by the combined effect of trampoline, magnetic field, and pre-stress as well as geometry parameters. These results give guidance for active controllability of Lamb wave propagation and intelligent regulation of phononic devices in complex environments.
Dynamic programming based optimal renewable energy allocation in sustained wireless sensor networks
Authors: Sharma Amandeep , Kakkar Ajay
Published: December 2018

Due to limited energy, conventional battery powered sensor nodes have constraints to meet the present day demanding applications. Although energy harvesting techniques lead to sustained network operation, uncertain energy availability initiates an important research issue of energy management in rechargeable sensor nodes. In the proposed work, an integrated approach of energy assignment principles with adaptive duty cycling has been introduced to efficiently utilize the available energy and to maximize the node performance. The machine learning based Cubist model has been used to pre-estimate the node duty cycle and simulated on the R interface. Real time changes in the computed duty cycle have been implemented by the dynamic programming based adaptive duty cycle algorithm and simulated using the MATLAB interface. The effectiveness of the proposed work has been validated by extensive simulations on real time solar energy profiles in terms of magnitude and stability of sensor's average duty cycle. The proposed algorithm achieves an average duty cycle of 62% to 67% with a limit of 70% maximum duty cycle irrespective of irregular radiation patterns throughout the day as well as for different forecasting horizons. The results also show minimum variation in the estimated and real time energy profiles in stable weather conditions and optimize the duty cycle in irregular weather conditions.
Self-assembling of formic acid on the partially oxidized p(2 × 1) Cu(110) surface reconstruction at low coverages
Authors: Chen Zhu , Martirez John Mark P. , Zahl Percy , Carter Emily A. , Koel Bruce E.
Published: December 2018

Carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction for synthetic fuel generation could be an integral part of a sustainable energy future. Copper (Cu) is the leading electrocatalyst for CO2 reduction to produce multiple C-containing products such as C1 and C2 hydrocarbons and oxygenates. Understanding the mechanisms leading to their production could help optimize these pathways further. Adsorption studies of the many possible intermediates on well-characterized surfaces are crucial to elucidating these mechanisms. In this work, we explore the adsorption configurations of formic acid (HCOOH) on the surface of the partially oxidized p(2 × 1) reconstruction of the Cu(110) surface, using low-temperature scanning tunneling and atomic force microscopy, in conjunction with density functional theory modeling. We find that HCOOH adsorbs favorably on the CuO chain comprising the reconstruction. The adsorption interactions involve dative bonding of the carbonyl O to the oxidized Cu and hydrogen bonding of the OH group to the surface O or to an adjacently adsorbed HCOOH molecule. Cooperative adsorption of the molecules occurs, forming two- to three-molecule-long oligomer chains, facilitated by intermolecular hydrogen bonding and mutual polarization of the CuO acid-base adsorption sites.
Analysis of grid size and ion temperature effects in retarding field energy analyzers (RFEA)
Authors: Cavenago M. , Bellan L. , Comunian M.
Published: December 2018

The self-potential of a high current ion beam may be fairly balanced by a secondary plasma with plasma potential Vp; the retarding field energy analyzer (RFEA) measuring the secondary ion outflow is a promising diagnostic of these plasmas. A detailed analysis of a planar RFEA is here discussed, with a focus on the response (in stationary condition) of the detector to the secondary plasma characteristics, and on the determination of design rules for the parameters of a compact RFEA. First, energy distributions of the secondary ion plasma outflow are discussed, as a function of ion temperature Ti and electron temperature Te. Second, the modulation of grid potential (depending on grid pitch b and wire radius a) is calculated both for 2D and 3D models, reaching a good agreement with accompanying electrostatic simulations. Beam emittance (or temperature) growth and beam diffusion are then discussed, also when input ion energy matches the discrimination voltage Vd; corrections to the usual paraxial dynamics result are then introduced. As regards the response of the whole detector (also called transmission function) and the beam dynamics evolution, systematic 3D multiparticle simulations were performed in order to study the behavior of the detector as a function of Vd and of the secondary plasma parameters Vp, Ti and Te and to determine the design parameter effects on instrumental precision (found to be about 0.1 b |Ez| with Ez the axial field near grids).
28Si+ ion beams from Penning ion source based implanter systems for near-surface isotopic purification of silicon
Authors: Fiedler Holger , Gupta Prasanth , Kennedy John , Markwitz Andreas
Published: December 2018

Modern computing technology is based on silicon. To date, a cost-effective and easy to implement method to obtain isotopically pure silicon is highly desirable for attaining efficient heat dissipation in microelectronic devices and for hosting spin qubits in quantum computing. We propose that it is possible to use a 28Si+ ion beam to obtain an isotopically pure near-surface region in wafer silicon. However, this requires a highly stable, high current, and isotopically pure 28Si ion beam. This work presents and discusses the instrumentation details and experimental parameters involved in generating this required ion beam. Silane is used as the precursor gas and is decomposed in a Penning ion source to generate a 28Si+ ion beam. The influence of key ion source parameters such as the gas flow rate, magnetic field strength, and anode voltage is presented. An isotopically pure 28Si+ ion beam with 10 ± 0.5 μA current on the target is obtained at the GNS Science 40 kV ion implanter. The beam was observed to be stable for at least 8 h and contains less than 700 ppm of other Si isotopes. This high current and high purity provides opportunities to explore efficient modification of the isotopic distribution in a native Si substrate at ambient temperature. The results highlight opportunities offered by using Penning ion source based low energy ion implanters for the synthesis of isotopically modified Si surface regions—a technique also applicable to other materials such as diamonds and diamond-like carbon.
Perspective: Magnetic skyrmions—Overview of recent progress in an active
research field
Authors: Everschor-Sitte K. , Masell J. , Reeve R. M. , Kläui M.
Published: December 2018

Within a decade, the field of magnetic skyrmionics has developed from a niche prediction to a huge and active research field. Not only do magnetic skyrmions—magnetic whirls with a unique topology—reveal fundamentally new physics, but they have also risen to prominence as up-and-coming candidates for next-generation high-density efficient information encoding. Within a few years, it has been possible to efficiently create, manipulate, and destroy nanometer-size skyrmions in device-compatible materials at room-temperature by all electrical means. Despite the incredibly rapid progress, several challenges still remain to obtain fully functional and competitive skyrmion devices, as discussed in this perspective article with a focus on recent results.
A nonequilibrium thermodynamics perspective of thixotropy
Authors: Stephanou Pavlos S. , Georgiou Georgios G.
Published: December 2018

We propose a new description of elasto-viscoplastic fluids by relating the notion of thixotropy directly to internal viscoelasticity and network structures through a general, thermodynamically consistent approach. By means of non-equilibrium thermodynamics, a thermodynamically admissible elasto-viscoplastic model is derived which introduces self-consistently and effortlessly thixotropic effects and reproduces at both low and high shear rates experimental data usually fitted with empirical constitutive equations, such as the Bingham and Herschel-Bulkley models. The predictions of the new model are in very good agreement with available steady-state shear rheological data for soft colloidal pastes and blood, i.e., systems exhibiting a yield stress, and with time-dependent rheological data for blood, i.e., during a triangular time-dependent change in the shear rate, exhibiting a hysteresis. The proposed approach is expected to provide the means to improve our understanding of thixotropic fluids.
Distinguishing charge and strain coupling in ultrathin (001)-La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/PMN-PT heterostructures
Authors: Huang Haoliang , Chen Zezhi , Feng Ce , Yang Yuanjun , Wang Jianlin , Zhang Jie , Hong Bin , Hu Sixia , Zhai Xiaofang , Peng Ranran , Fu Zhengping , Zhao Yonggang , Lu Yalin
Published: December 2018

Interfacial charge and strain distributions inside artificial perovskite ABO3 heterostructures often affect intriguing physical properties that are important to device performance. Normally, both charge and strain coexist across the interfaces, and their exact roles in determining the properties remain elusive. In the present work, La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) ultrathin films were grown on (001)-0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 (PMNPT) single-crystal substrates to discriminate between the effect of charge and strain on the transport and magnetoelectric properties. In heterostructures with thicker LSMO films, the strain effect dominates the resistance and the magnetic moment depends on the external electric field. With the decreasing LSMO thickness, the butterfly-like resistance–electric-field (R-E) and magnetization–electric-field (M-E) curves become loop-like, indicating that charge effects dominate strain effects in determining the electric field that controls the transport and magnetic properties. Furthermore, soft-x-ray absorption spectra of 32 and 4 nm LSMO/PMNPT samples at the Mn L edge under an applied electric field of ±6 kV/cm indicate that orbital reconstruction also plays an important role in interfacial magnetoelectric coupling.
Reversible helical electromagnetic launcher used as an electrically programmable shock tester
Authors: Engel T. G. , Hartman S. , Timpson E. J.
Published: December 2018

The performance of a reversible helical electromagnetic launcher (RHEML) is reported and discussed. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using the RHEML as an electrically programmable shock tester (EPST). The data show that the reversible helical electromagnetic launcher can be operated with parallel-connected armatures that share current and force. This report is also the first-ever successful demonstration of iron-cored HEML stators. The electrical programmability of the EPST has been demonstrated by varying the shock pulse width in approximately 30 ms increments. The armature assembly has a total mass of approximately 25 kg (55 lbs). The stators are approximately 100 mm (4 in.) in diameter and 2.3 m (90 in.) long. The large mass reversible helical electromagnetic launcher is powered by a 1 MJ capacitive pulse forming network. The armature assembly has a measured minimum velocity of 0.4 m/s and a maximum velocity of 8.3 m/s. The minimum acceleration/deceleration force is 4.3 gees, while the maximum acceleration/deceleration force is 30.7 gees. The minimum shock pulse width is 16 ms, and the maximum shock pulse width is 150 ms.
Ultrasmooth ultrathin Ag films by AlN seeding and Ar/N2 sputtering for transparent conductive and heating applications
Authors: Ko Remy H. H. , Khalatpour Ali , Clark J. Kenji D. , Kherani Nazir P.
Published: December 2018

We report on the fabrication of 15-nm Ag films with 0.6 nm RMS roughness and only 3 times the bulk electrical resistivity using a transparent AlN seed layer and Ar/N2 (60% N2) based sputtering of Ag. Either AlN-seeding or Ar/N2 sputtering alone reduces the percolation threshold of Ag thin films and smoothens their surface. However, significant reduction in localized surface plasmon resonance was observed only through the use of Ar/N2 sputtering. As a demonstration of its application as a transparent conductive film, we construct a transparent heat-regulating metallo-dielectric coating using our ultrathin ultrasmooth Ag films with minimal optical absorption loss.
Molecular dynamics simulation of phase competition in terbium
Authors: Song H. , Mendelev M. I.
Published: December 2018

The competition among multiple solid phases determines the final microstructures of a material. Such competition can originate at the very beginning of the solidification process. We report the results of molecular dynamics simulation of the phase competition between the hexagonal close-packed (hcp), face-centered cubic (fcc), and body-centered cubic (bcc) phases during the solidification of pure Tb. We found that the liquid supercooled below the hcp melting temperature has both bcc and hcp/fcc nuclei, but only the bcc nuclei grow such that the liquid always solidifies into the bcc phase, even at temperatures where the hcp phase is more stable. The hcp phase can only form in the last liquid droplet or at the bcc grain boundaries. Depending on the bcc grain orientations, the hcp phase jammed between the bcc grains either completely disappears or slowly grows via a solid-state massive transformation mechanism. Once the hcp phase becomes large enough, the stresses associated with its appearance can trigger a martensitic transformation. Yet, not the entire bcc phase is consumed by the martensitic transformation and the remaining bcc phase is transformed into the hcp phase via the solid-state massive transformation mechanism. Finally, if the supercooling is too large, the nucleation becomes almost barrier free and the liquid solidifies into a structure consisting of ultra-fine hcp and bcc grains after which the bcc phase quickly disappears.
Reaction energetics of hydrogen on Si(100) surface: A periodic many-electron theory study
Authors: Tsatsoulis Theodoros , Sakong Sung , Groß Axel , Grüneis Andreas
Published: December 2018

We report on a many-electron wavefunction theory study for the reaction energetics of hydrogen dissociation on the Si(100) surface. We demonstrate that quantum chemical wavefunction based methods using periodic boundary conditions can predict chemically accurate results for the activation barrier and the chemisorption energy in agreement with experimental findings. These highly accurate results for the reaction energetics enable a deeper understanding of the underlying physical mechanism and make it possible to benchmark widely used density functional theory methods.
Physical principle of enhancing the sensitivity of a metal oxide gas sensor using bulk acoustic waves
Authors: Su Songfei , Liu Pengzhan , Tang Qiang , Hu Junhui
Published: December 2018

The bulk acoustic wave (BAW) assisted gas sensor utilizes the BAW to raise the sensitivity of a gas sensor, which provides a new and universal physical strategy to greatly improve the sensitivity of gas sensors. However, the physical principle of this type of gas sensor has not been clarified yet. In this work, the physical principle of the BAW assisted gas sensor is investigated experimentally and theoretically, and the effects of sound pressure and acoustic streaming on the sensing process are directly verified. It indicates that the transfer of target gas molecules onto the sensing surface can be enhanced by sound pressure on the sensing surface, which results in a significant increase of both the sensing response and sensitivity. Also, it is found that the sensing surface can be cooled down by acoustic streaming, which causes a sensing response change opposite to the change direction caused by the sound pressure, and little change of the sensitivity. It is predicted and experimentally verified that when both acoustic streaming and sound pressure exist on the sensing surface, the sensing characteristics should be between those of the two extreme working modes in which there is only sound pressure or acoustic streaming on the sensing surface.
Flexomagnetic response of nanostructures
Authors: Sidhardh Sai , Ray M. C.
Published: December 2018

This paper presents the constitutive modeling of the flexomagnetic (FM) effect in structures involving a non-zero magnetic field generated in the presence of inhomogeneous strain across the domain. In order to evaluate the magneto-elastic (ME) structural response, the tensorial governing equations and associated boundary conditions for the mechanical and magnetic variables are derived here using the variational principle. Following this, these differential equations are solved to determine the effect of FM over the bending response of a cantilever piezomagnetic nanobeam. Different magnetic boundary conditions are analyzed to study the effect of direct and converse FM couplings over the ME response. The significant influence of FM coupling over the ME response has been noted for thin beams with low-dimensions, which wanes as the geometric dimensions are increased. Given the significance of this size-dependent FM response in nano-structures, the theory for flexomagnetism proposed here may be utilized in the development of smart ME nano-structures with the potential for wide applications.
Advanced surface resonators for electron spin resonance of single microcrystals
Authors: Dayan Nir , Ishay Yakir , Artzi Yaron , Cristea David , Reijerse Edward , Kuppusamy Periannan , Blank Aharon
Published: December 2018

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy of paramagnetic species in single crystals is a powerful tool for characterizing the latter’s magnetic interaction parameters in detail. Conventional ESR systems are optimized for millimeter-size samples and make use of cavities and resonators that accommodate tubes and capillaries in the range 1-5 mm. Unfortunately, in the case of many interesting materials such as enzymes and inorganic catalytic materials (e.g., zeolites), single crystals can only be obtained in micron-scale sizes (1-200 µm). To boost ESR sensitivity and to enable experiments on microcrystals, the ESR resonator needs to be adapted to the size and shape of these specific samples. Here, we present a unique family of miniature surface resonators, known as “ParPar” resonators, whose mode volume and shape are optimized for such micron-scale single crystals. This approach significantly improves upon the samples’ filling factor and thus enables the measurement of much smaller crystals than was previously possible. We present here the design of such resonators with a typical mode dimension of 20-50 µm, as well as details about their fabrication and testing methods. The devices’ resonant mode(s) are characterized by ESR microimaging and compared to the theoretical calculations. Moreover, experimental ESR spectra of single microcrystals with typical sizes of ∼25-50 µm are presented. The measured spin sensitivity for the 50-µm resonator at cryogenic temperatures of 50 K is found to be ∼1.8 × 106 spins/G √Hz for a Cu-doped single crystal sample that is representative of many biological samples of relevance.
Generating bright gamma-ray pulses via ultra-intense laser colliding with a flying plasma layer
Authors: Zhang Z. M. , Teng J. , Zhang B. , Deng Z. G. , He S. K. , Cui B. , Hong W. , Zhou W. M. , Gu Y. Q.
Published: December 2018

With the forthcoming laser intensities (I ≥ 1023 W/cm2), synchrotron radiation in a laser-plasma interaction has attracted particular interest because it can lead to an extremely bright source of γ-rays. Here, a scheme to generate a bright γ-ray pulse with high efficiency is proposed and numerically demonstrated. Using a circularly polarized (CP) laser pulse impinged on a thin foil, a relativistic flying plasma layer is formed. With another counterpropagating CP pulse colliding with the flying layer, it is found that the electrons are efficiently accelerated in the longitudinal direction by the space-charge field. The energetic electrons interact with the counterpropagating CP pulse, producing ultra-brilliant (∼1024 photons/s/mm2/mrad2/0.1%BW) highly dense (∼270nc) femtosecond (∼5 fs) γ-ray pulses. At a moderate laser intensity of 4 × 1022 W/cm2, the fraction of laser energy transferred into the γ-ray pulse is as high as 10%, which is comparable to that previously predicted for an order of magnitude higher in laser intensity. The enhanced γ-photon emission might pave the way for its potential applications in the near future.
Perspective: Nonlinear approaches to structure and dynamics of soft materials
Authors: Richert Ranko
Published: December 2018

Nonlinear dielectric effects have been the subject of research for over 100 years. A recent surge of activities devoted to this field focuses on soft condensed materials, where interactions and collective dynamics play an important role. The hope is to gain deeper insight into the origin of non-exponential responses and super-Arrhenius behavior, and identify dynamical correlations and connections between dynamics and thermodynamic potentials. While relaxation spectroscopy can reveal details of the dynamics across an impressive range of time scales, many interesting features remain obscured if limited to the regime of linear response. This perspective portrays the recent progress in the field of nonlinear dynamics, with focus on the complex dynamics of supercooled liquids with departures not too far from equilibrium. Nonlinear dielectric effects will be highlighted and compared with the mechanical and calorimetric counterparts.
Real time implementation of empirical mode decomposition algorithm for ultrasonic nondestructive testing applications
Authors: Tarpara Eaglekumar G. , Patankar V. H.
Published: December 2018

A real time empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm based ultrasonic imaging system has been developed for non-destructive testing (NDT) applications. It is difficult to implement the EMD based signal processing algorithm in real time because it is totally a data-driven process which comprises numerous sifting operations. In this paper, the EMD algorithm has been implemented in the visual software environment. The EMD implementation encompasses two types of interpolation methods: piecewise linear interpolation (PLI) and cubic spline interpolation (CSI). The cubic spline tridiagonal matrix has been solved by using the Thomas algorithm for real time processing. The total time complexity functions for both the implemented PLI and CSI based EMD methods have been computed. For the signal filtering, the partial reconstruction algorithm has been adopted. The baseline correction and noise filtering applications have been presented using an EMD based visual software. The real time practicability and the efficiency of this method have been validated through ultrasonic NDT experimentation for improvement in the time domain resolution of the ultrasonic A-scan raw data. The practical results show that in the noisy environment, it is possible to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio for the visualization and identification of ultrasonic pulse-echo signals in real time.
Optimal disintegration strategy in multiplex networks
Authors: Qi Mingze , Deng Ye , Deng Hongzhong , Wu Jun
Published: December 2018

Network disintegration comprises the problem of identifying the critical nodes or edges whose removal will lead to a network collapse. The solution of this problem is significant for strategies for dismantling terrorist organizations and for immunization in disease spreading. Network disintegration has received considerable attention in isolated networks. Here, we consider the generalization of optimal disintegration strategy problems to multiplex networks and propose a disintegration strategy based on tabu search. Experiments show that the disintegration effect of our strategy is clearly superior to those of typical disintegration strategies. Moreover, our approach sheds light on the properties of the nodes within the optimal disintegration strategies.
Photophoretic force measurement on microparticles in binary complex plasmas
Authors: Wieben Frank , Block Dietmar
Published: December 2018

This article presents a method to measure the photophoretic force on microparticles in complex plasmas. A laser heating setup is used to increase the kinetic temperatures of binary mixtures composed of melamine-formaldehyde (MF) and silica (SiO2) particles. The temperature gain of both particle species due to the additional thermal reservoir is compared to a laser force model. Contributions of radiation pressure and photophoretic forces are determined through a variation of neutral gas pressure and application of Lorenz-Mie theory. The photophoretic force is found to be significant for MF particles at typical conditions in complex plasma experiments.
Realization of complex curved waveguide based on local resonant 3D metamaterial
Authors: Han Jianning , Tang Shuai
Published: December 2018

To overcome the negative impact of diffraction effect on the transmission wave front at the bend and to improve the transmission efficiency of acoustic wave in the bend waveguide, the finite element method by COMSOL was used to simulate the propagation characteristics of acoustic wave in the structure of bending acoustic waveguide, based on local resonance acoustic metamaterials. Specifically, the vibration mechanism of three-dimensional (3D) component locally resonant phononic crystals was presented, and the acoustic metamaterial models of M-shaped, L-shaped and S-shaped bent waveguides were constructed on the basis of the protocells. The local resonance between the acoustic wave and the protocells in the waveguide model was investigated, in order to produce the nondestructive bending propagation effect of the acoustic wave. The results of finite element analysis show that the plane acoustic waves incident from the M-shaped, L-shaped and S-shaped bending waveguide model will propagate directionally along the model structure after being controlled at the resonance frequency. These results confirm the flexibility and feasibility of the bending acoustic waveguide model designed by the local resonance acoustic metamaterials. In addition, the acoustic waveguide model in long-distance special environment was designed and the low loss transmission of acoustic signal was implemented. This study provides a new solution for engineering applications, such as ultrasonic signal detection and underwater acoustic communication transmission.
Simulations provide new insight into water structure and dynamics at the water-cobalt oxide interface
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: December 2018

Molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory have yielded new findings in the search for a better catalyst for water-splitting oxygen evolution reactions.
MRI-visible liposome–polyethylenimine complexes for DNA delivery: preparation and evaluation
Authors: Song Xiaowei , Yan Guanghai , Quan Songshi , Jin Enhao , Quan Jishan , Jin Guangyu
Published: December 2018

To noninvasively monitor the effect of gene therapy and achieve an optimal therapeutic effect, liposomes encapsulated polyethylenimine (PEI)-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with dual functions of MRI diagnosis and gene therapy were prepared. SPION was synthesized via co-precipitation, and then modified with PEI via thiourea reaction. The liposomes encapsulating PEI-SPION (LP-PEI-SPION) were prepared by ethanol injection. Fourier transform infrared spectra confirmed that PEI was successfully modified onto SPION, and thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the PEI content was about 17.1%. The LP-PEI-SPION/DNA had a small particle size of 253.07 ± 0.90 nm. LP-PEI-SPION/DNA had low cytotoxicity with more than 80% of the cell survival rates and high transfection efficiency compared with Lipofectamine® 2000/DNA. Additionally, it also showed good MRI effect on three cell lines. The liposomes encapsulating PEI-SPION (lipopolyplexes) have been successfully prepared as MRI contrast agents and gene delivery vectors, which may have great theoretical research significance and clinical potentials.

Abbreviations: PEI, polyethylenimine; SPION, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles; LP-PEI-SPION, liposomes encapsulating PEI-SPION; MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; ICP-MS, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry; XRD, X-ray diﬀraction; TEM, transmission electron microscope; TGA, thermogravimetric analysis; DOTAP, 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane; DOPE, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine; Chol, cholesterol.
Autophagic degradation of lamins facilitates the nuclear egress of herpes simplex virus type 1
Authors: Turan Aykut , Grosche Linda , Krawczyk Adalbert , Mühl-Zürbes Petra , Drassner Christina , Düthorn Alexandra , Kummer Mirko , Hasenberg Mike , Voortmann Sylvia , Jastrow Holger , Dörrie Jan , Schaft Niels , Kraner Max , Döhner Katinka , Sodeik Beate , Steinkasserer Alexander , Heilingloh Christiane Silke
Published: December 2018

Dendritic cells (DCs) are crucial for the induction of potent antiviral immune responses. In contrast to immature DCs (iDCs), mature DCs (mDCs) are not permissive for infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). Here, we demonstrate that HSV-1 infection of iDCs and mDCs induces autophagy, which promotes the degradation of lamin A/C, B1, and B2 in iDCs only. This in turn facilitates the nuclear egress of progeny viral capsids and thus the formation of new infectious particles. In contrast, lamin protein levels remain stable in HSV-1–infected mDCs due to an inefficient autophagic flux. Elevated protein levels of KIF1B and KIF2A in mDCs inhibited lamin degradation, likely by hampering autophagosome–lysosome fusion. Therefore, in mDCs, fewer progeny capsids were released from the nuclei into the cytosol, and fewer infectious virions were assembled. We hypothesize that inhibition of autophagic lamin degradation in mDCs represents a very powerful cellular counterstrike to inhibit the production of progeny virus and thus viral spread.