bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AVALIAÇÃO DO CICLO DE VIDA APLICADA A EDIFICAÇÕES EM CONTÊINERES: REVISÃO CRÍTICA E CONTRIBUIÇÕES PARA A PADRONIZAÇÃO DAS PESQUISAS
Authors: Pinho Giusilene Costa de Souza , Calmon João Luiz , Justino Bárbara Maria de Paula
Published: April 2023

O sistema construtivo contêiner tornou-se atrativo para a construção civil ao fazer a reciclagem e reutilização de um produto, mas a sua tão propagada sustentabilidade, ainda está por ser comprovada, pois deve contemplar os aspectos ambientais, econômicos e sociais de todo o seu ciclo de vida. Uma das ferramentas consolidadas que abrange todas essas questões é a Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida (ACV). Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão crítica da literatura sobre Avaliação do Ciclo de Vida de edificações construídas com contêineres, identificar as melhores práticas e deficiências, tendo como referência as normas ISO e propor recomendações para futuros estudos nessa área. A metodologia empregada para a revisão sistemática foi a Knowledge Development Process – Constructivist (Proknow-C). Como resultado, o trabalho traz à luz recomendações para melhores práticas de ACV aplicadas a edificações em contêiner.  Por exemplo, a unidade funcional (UF) adotada deve ser explicitada detalhadamente, porque os módulos avaliados apresentam diferentes padronizações. Várias lacunas foram evidenciadas, como a necessidade de ampliação dos estudos referentes a outros impactos ambientais, além do uso de energia e emissão de CO2 na atmosfera. Por fim, a revisão crítica realizada, identificou uma série de pontos que necessitam de maior clareza ou serem explicitados. Dessa forma, fica latente a necessidade de se padronizar os estudos, para uma melhor prática de ACV. Com a adoção de um protocolo único, será possível obter resultados mais robustos e que possam ser facilmente comparados com outras pesquisas.
AVALIAÇÃO TÉCNICA DE MEDIDA DE MANEJO SUSTENTÁVEL DA ÁGUA PLUVIAL COM ORIFÍCIO REGULADOR DE VAZÃO
Authors: Moura João Marcos Bosi Mendonça de , Steffen Bruna Luiza
Published: April 2023

Técnicas compensatórias (TCs) são medidas de manejo sustentável da água pluvial capazes de reservar temporariamente a água pluvial para fins de redução do risco de inundação brusca. A maior parte dos métodos de concepção de TCs não considera o uso de orifícios reguladores de vazão, porque pressupõem infiltração total da água no solo. Nesse contexto, o estudo avaliou o impacto hidráulico e hidrológico de uma TC com orifício regulador de vazão implantada em lote urbano no município de Blumenau, Santa Catarina. Um módulo experimental permitiu estimar a vazão do orifício regulador com diâmetro nominal de 50 mm e comprimento de 1.50 metros. A aplicação do método de Puls possibilitou avaliar o amortecimento da onda de cheia promovido pela TC. O experimento apontou que o coeficiente de descarga do orifício regulador de vazão foi de 0.60 ± 0.01, sendo 10% menor que o valor reportado na literatura. Estimou-se que a vazão máxima alcançada pelo orifício foi de 1.5 l/s. A TC reduziu a vazão máxima de contribuição do lote de 16.8 l/s para 2.0 l/s. A análise demonstrou a importância da verificação da vazão do orifício regulador para que as TCs contribuam efetivamente com o manejo sustentável da água pluvial.
Decentralized Finance: A Review of the Current Landscape and Future Opportunities
Authors: John Febin , Yadav Karuna , Soni Mitushi
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Decentralized finance (DeFi) is an ever-growing sector of the cryptocurrency and blockchain industry. Decentralized finance is aiming to transfigure the classical and traditional financial systems and modernize and innovate the old and rusty financial systems which regulate the centralized banks controlled by the governments of their respective countries. Decentralized finance provides a system that aims to penetrate all classes of society across the board to build an inclusive society regardless of background, race, or location. This research paper aims to provide a comprehensive outline of the present DeFi topography, including its history, major players, and significant applications. Additionally, the paper aims to explore the potential of DeFi and the challenges facing the DeFi industry to be brought into the mainstream of society averting the reluctance among a huge percentage of the skeptical population. This research paper also provides an overview of the problems associated with DeFi and their potential solutions.
The Impact of Crude Oil Price Fluctuations on Indian Economy
Authors: Periwal Aayush
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The importance of Crude Oil has been on a rise in almost every single economy around the world. As economies grow, the requirement of this very vital resource is also fattening at a rapid pace. The Indian economy is rapidly expanding, as is its reliance on crude oil. For the period 2001-02 to 2020-21, the article investigates the reasons for changes in Crude Oil prices, as well as their implications for Indian Economic Development and GDP Growth. Because of the spike in crude prices, India's fuel and diesel prices have reached all-time highs. The current Indian economy is thriving despite rising trade disparities and persistent inflation. The goal of this study is to see how speculation and variations in crude oil prices affect Indian economic development, GDP growth, retail gasoline prices, financial markets (BSE), currency, and government finances. The study looked at how changes in oil prices affect Indian economic development via a variety of networks, including GDP, trade and investment characteristics, and other macroeconomic indicators.
The Use of Bamboo Biochar as a Soil Improver on the Growth and Yield of Mustard Plants
Authors: Situmeang Yohanes Parlindungan
Published: April 2023

This study aims to obtain the right dose of biochar in mustard plants. The design used was a completely randomized design with a one-factor pattern. The biochar treatment was studied at four dose levels and one control. The application of biochar significantly affected plant height, total fresh weight, and total dry weight, except for the number of leaves which was not significant. The highest total dry weight yield was achieved at 9 t ha-1 biochar with a weight of 10.80 g or an increase of 60% compared to 6.75 g without biochar. From the regression analysis, the effect of biochar on total dry weight was found on the quadratic regression line with the equation: Ŷ = 6.717 + 0.8217 X - 0.04381 X2 (R2 = 91.80%), biochar with an optimal dose of 9.38 t ha -1 and a maximum total dry weight of 10.70 g.
Arabica Coffee Growth Response on Composting Time Treatment and Coffee Skin Biochar Dosage
Authors: Bismantara I Putu Angga , Yohanes Parlindungan Situmeang  , I Gusti Bagus Udayana
Published: April 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of composting time, biochar dose, and the interaction between composting time and biochar dose on the growth of Arabica coffee seedlings. This research was conducted at UPP Arabica Coffee Plantation. Catur Paramitha in Catur Village, Kintamani District, Bangli Regency, Bali Province. The altitude of the place is between 1,250 meters above sea level. The time of the research was carried out from September to December 2021. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 2 factors arranged in a factorial manner. The first factor is the time of composting of wet coffee skin waste material which consists of 2 levels, namely P1 = 2 weeks of composting and P2 = 4 weeks of composting. The second factor is the dose of biochar as raw material for dried coffee cherries, consisting of 4 levels, namely, B0 = control, B1 = 5 tons/ha, B2 = 10 tons/ha and B3 = 15 tons/ha thus obtained 8 repeated combination treatments. 3 times so 24 plants are needed. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves per plant, stem diameter, plant leaf area, root fresh weight per plant, stem fresh weight per plant, leaf fresh weight per plant, stem, and leaf fresh weight per plant, and total fresh weight per plant. and total oven-dry weight per plant. The treatment with 4 weeks of composting gave the highest total fresh weight per plant, which was 10.43 g, which increased by 11% when compared to the treatment with 2 weeks of composting, which was 9.44 g. The treatment with a dose of 15 tons/ha of biochar gave the highest total fresh weight per plant, which was 10.45 g, which increased by 13% when compared to the treatment without biochar, which was 9.27 g. The interaction of 4 weeks of composting with a dose of 15 tons/ha of biochar (P2B3) gave the highest total fresh weight yield per plant of 11.73 g which increased by 24% when compared to the interaction of 2 weeks of composting without biochar (P1B0) which was 9.4g.
Application of Organic Coal Fertilizer and Rabbit Farm Waste on Pumelo (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) Seed Growth
Authors: Ida Bagus Komang Mahardika  , Made Sri Yuliartini  , I Gusti Made Arjana
Published: April 2023

The pumelo population in Bali is declining one is caused of a lack of good-quality seeds. This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of organic coal fertilizer and rabbit farm waste as organic fertilizers for the growth of pomelo grafting seedlings. The research design used a nested pattern randomized block design with 3 replications. There are two factors, the first factor is the type of fertilizer, which are Coal fertilizers, Rabbit Farm Waste fertilizers, and Cow Manure fertilizers. The second factor is the dose of each type of fertilizer which consists of 3 levels, namely: 10 tons/ha; 20 tons/ha; and 30 tons/ha. The results showed that the effectiveness of the treatment of the type of organic fertilizer and the dose of the type of organic fertilizer had no significant effect on all observed variables. This shows that both coal fertilizer and rabbit manure have almost the same quality as cow manure in influencing the growth of pomelo seedlings. The effectiveness of fertilizers tested on the average shoot length of grafting tends to show the highest yields obtained at the highest dose (30 tons/ha), namely Coal fertilizer which is 28.80 cm, rabbit manure is 31.87 cm, and cow manure obtained is 28.13 cm.
Peningkatan Nilai Tambah Usaha Limbah Propolis Kele Menjadi Sabun di Kabupaten Karangasem
Authors: Surasmi Ida Ayu , Putra Ida Bagus Udayana , Amerta I Made Suniastha , Rini I Gusti Ayu Intan Saputra
Published: April 2023

Lebah Kele sudah lama dikenal oleh masyarakat. Lebah kele merupakan salah satu jenis lebah menghasilkan madu dengan jumlah propolis yang banyak dibandingkan jenis lebah madu lainnya. Baik Madu maupun kandungan propolis yang dihasilkan menginsipirasi peternak salah satunya berada di desa Antiga, kecamatan Manggis, Kabupaten Karangasem untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan kebermanfaatan ternak lebah kele ini. Limbah propolis, madu yang dihasilkan peternak lebah kele ternyata dapat diolah menjadi sabun. Pengolahan limbah propolis menjadi sabun dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah bagi peternak ini. Permasalahannya penting meningkatkan pengetahuan bagaimana agar sabun tersebut dapat ditingkatkan penjualannya. Dalam membantu peningkatan penjualan menginspirasi tim peneliti dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat melaksanakan kegiatan pengabdian dengan memberikan penyuluhan dalam upaya meningkatkan jumlah pemasaran produk, motivasi sumber daya manusia serta penentuan harga jual produk.
Konsep Pengembangan Desa Tegallalang Sebagai Kawasan Wisata Heritage di Gianyar
Authors: Bhuana I Made Pasek Satya , Runa I Wayan , Kurniawan Agus , Parwata I Wayan
Published: April 2023

Menggali potensi untuk dikembangkan dan dimanfaatkan untuk kepentingan tertentu, mengenal potensi secara mendalam menjadi agenda penting bagi suatu kawasan. Selain memiliki objek wisata sawah yang berundak-undak, Tegallalang sejatinya memiliki keberagaman warisan budaya baik warisan budaya dalam wujud benda maupun warisan budaya tak benda. Tegallalang telah memiliki beberapa aspek-aspek yang dapat menguatkan lingkungan binaan pada suatu kawasan yang menjadi tujuan wisata heritage, diantaranya memiliki situs bersejarah yang terdapat pada Pura yang berlokasi di kawasan Desa Tegallalang, selanjutnya Desa Tegallalang memiliki tradisi ritual Ngerebeg, kemudian memiliki barang-barang warisan seperti lontar yang termasuk unsur kesusastraan, dalam hal potensi wisata alam ialah dalam hal persawahan, dan terakhir ciri khas kesenian masyarakat Desa Tegallalang menekuni seni rupa, seni musik dan tari tradisional. Perencanaan penataan seluruh wantilan yang ada di Desa Tegallalang akan menjadi penunjang kebutuhan ruang publik sebagai bagian dari fasilitas infrastruktur wisata pusaka. Penambahan ruang-ruang yang lebih spesifik untuk fungsi tertentu akan memberikan kenyamanan lebih bagi penggunanya, seperti fasilitas toilet, dan fasilitas ramah anak. Bangunan yang tergolong arsitektur tradisional Bali kali ini akan menjadi bagian dari perencanaan penataan kawasan Desa Tegallalang sebagai destinasi wisata pusaka. Untuk mengetahui potensi yang ada maka diperlukan pengamatan dengan studi literatur, survey lapangan, serta wawancara dengan narasumber yang terkait, dan metode pengumpulan data lainnya yang dapat mendukung. Tujuan dari dilaksanakannya penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui potensi kemudian mengembangkannya, serta mendapatkan keuntungan dari potensi yang ada bagi masyarakat luas.
Validation of Early Infection Markers for Ganoderma in Oil Palm at Three Endemic Ganoderma Locations
Authors: Permatasari Galuh Wening , Puspita Mayumi , Kresnawaty Irma , Sri Mulyatni Agustin , Dewantara Eris Deden , Widiastuti Happy , Triyana Kuwat , Priyono Priyono
Published: April 2023

A serious disease that affects the viability of the oil palm industry is basal stem rot, which is caused by Ganoderma. The current level of disease can be viewed as unmanageable, given that the palms were growing in an unfavorable or unsuitable climate. Today, there are numerous approaches to diagnose diseases early, and one of them using molecular methods. Seven genes for early infection markers were effectively generated by a reference's transcriptome study, including LEUCO, ETHYLENE, CHALCONE, ANTHOCYANIDIN, ETHYLENE, MANNOSE, and SENESCENCE. The purpose of this study is to validate and confirm the presence of Ganoderma infections in three endemic oil palm field in Indonesia i.e. Cisalak Baru, Rejosari, and Bekri plantation. This study conducted real time qPCR of RNA from oil palm roots with four different severities of infection. Manual processing of RNA isolation and cDNA synthesis were carried out, to provide quantification expression level. In addition, gene ontology (GO) analysis was also performed in order to explain the roles of each gene tested. The results revealed that CHALCONE is the only marker that consistently elucidate the Ganoderma's early infection appear in three locations. The drawbacks of the analysis results are tightly correlating to the age of oil palm as well as endemic location. GO results declare that seven genes function related to the response of infection. This work was successful in confirming early infection in three places, elucidating the variables influencing the efficacy and sensitivity of molecular detection, and revealing the function and importance of particular genes for detection.
Pengaruh Komposisi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dan Bungkil Inti Kelapa Sawit sebagai Pakan Larva Lalat Tentara Hitam (Hermetia Illucens) Terhadap Perubahan Kandungan Asam Lemaknya
Authors: Edwin Syahputra Lubis Muhammad , Bajra Brahmani Dewa , Fadhilah Rizki Ilmi , Mulyono Manda Edy , Yudanto Bagus Giri , Panjaitan Frisda Rimbun
Published: April 2023

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) dan bungkil inti sawit (BIS) merupakan produk samping biomassa industri kelapa sawit yang masih terbatas pemanfaatannya. TKKS mengandung lignoselulosa yang sangat tinggi, sedangkan BIS mengandung protein kasar yang relatif tinggi. Kandungan lignoselulosa yang tinggi menyebabkan TKKS menjadi sulit didekomposisi, sedangkan kandungan lignin pada protein kasar BIS memerlukan perlakuan awal untuk diaplikasikan sebagai pakan. Black Soldier Fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) merupakan serangga yang mampu mengkonversi lignoselulosa TKKS dan BIS menjadi produk lemak, protein, dan kitin. Produk lemak BSF berpotensi menjadi produk – produk bernilai tinggi, seperti pakan ternak maupun bahan bakar. Namun, pengaruh lignoselulosa dan protein kasar dari TKKS dan BIS sebagai pakan BSF terhadap modulasi asam lemak pada BSF belum diteliti. Riset ini menjelaskan komposisi pakan dengan TKKS sebagai komposisi dominan cenderung meningkatkan komposisi asam laurat pada larva BSF. Inklusi BIS sebagai komposisi dominan pada pakan menunjukkan akumulasi asam lemak n-3 dan menurunkan rasio n-6/n-3 pada lemak BSF. Hasil riset ini mengkonfirmasi bahwa komposisi asam lemak BSF tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh kandungan asam lemak pakannya, namun juga dipengaruhi oleh kecernaan pakannya. Riset ini menunjukkan potensi BSF sebagai agen konversi biomassa sawit yang dapat memproduksi asam lemak esensial spesifik.
Analysis of absorbing substance for content of carbon dioxide via calcimeter «Fann»
Authors: Fokin S. G. , Bychkov S. A. , Yarkov A. M.
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE: Consider the use of calcimeter “Fann” to analyze the absorbing substance for the content of carbon dioxide. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There was an analysis of the absorbing substance for the content of carbon dioxide by two methods. Their working principle is based on decomposing acid effect on chemical absorber, resulting in a chemical reaction and producing carbon dioxide. RESULTS: Pressure, generated in the reaction process in a closed reactor, is directly proportional to the carbonate content in the sample. The use of calcimeter “Fann” allows to determine the content of carbon dioxide in chemical absorber fast and with high degree of accuracy
Comparative analysis of the activities of emergency hospitals in the «covid» period
Authors: Hominets V. V. , Filimonov S. K. , Barsukova I. M. , Makhnovskiy A. I. , Kim I. V.
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: The pandemic of a new coronavirus infection has become a serious test of our country’s health care system. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY: Analysis of the dynamics of the performance of emergency hospitals during the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The material was the data of federal state statistics (sources - FSN No. 14 and 30, 2019- 2021) of 2 multidisciplinary hospitals operating in ambulance hospitals (24/7/365), which have fundamental structural and functional features related to the availability of beds for patients with COVID-19. Regulatory, statistical (analysis of averages using parametric T-test and one-way-ANOVA analysis of variance, Spearman correlation analysis) and analytical methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison) were used. RESULTS: For a hospital with deployed beds for patients with COVID-19, there was a characteristic decrease in volumetric performance indicators: the number of patients in the admission department (by 61.7 %), non-hospitalized patients (by 82.2 %) and patient refusals from hospitalization (by 83.6 %), the number of outpatients (by 77.7 %), the number of discharged patients (by 17.7 %), carried out by patients bed-days (2.9 %), patient re-hospitalizations (96.1 %). For a hospital that was not re-profiled for COVID-19, there was a slight increase in visits (+ 1.4 %) with a decrease in the number of discharged patients (-22.8 %) and spent bed days (-12.4 %), an increase in the number of non-hospitalized patients (by 34.2 %) and the volume of care on an outpatient basis (+ 22.7 %), the number of re-hospitalized patients increased (+ 55.5 %). In hospitals, there was an increase in the number of patients who died (by 154.8 % and 29.2 %, respectively), including those with respiratory diseases (by 433.3 % and 145.5 %, respectively). DISCUSSION: Two multidisciplinary emergency hospitals had significant differences in the organization of their work in the period 2019-2021, due to the re-profiling of beds for receiving infectious patients (for patients with COVID-19) and the assignment of additional volumes of specialized non-infectious medical care to the non-redesigned multidisciplinary hospital. CONCLUSION: Currently, multidisciplinary emergency hospitals require the development of new models and principles for organizing the medical and diagnostic process, providing for the deployment of inpatient emergency departments, mobile bed capacity, infectious beds, development of algorithms for admission and triage of patients, reduction of unreasonable and non-core hospitalization, increasing the availability, efficiency and quality of medical care, which will increase the readiness to work in emergency situations of such a pandemic with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19).
Laboratory markers and radiological manifestations of the new coronavirus infection and their correlation with the severity of the disease: retrospective study
Authors: Tuchin I. A. , Mazurenko S. O. , Mirzoev N. T. , Kutelev G. G. , Golovkin N. V. , Parfenov S. A. , Petrova P. V. , Tuchina A. I.
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE: Assess the connection between clinical, laboratory and radiological manifestations of the new coronavirus infection.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study conducted a retrospective analysis of 100 patient medical histories, treated in Saint Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution «the Holy Martyr George Hospital» with confirmed diagnosis «Coronavirus infection COVID-19, the virus is identified». A statistical analysis of clinical laboratory values was carried out based on severity of COVID-19 course and infiltrative changes of lung tissue by computed tomography data. Statistics. Statistical analysis of the data was held using PC and set of software StatPlus 8.0. RESULTS: Depending on the nature of COVID-19 course, the comparison of clinical laboratory data among patients (average age 63,5 [19–98]) found that with increase in severity of the disease (mild – moderate − severe) there were changes in the following clinical laboratory values: erythrocyte sedimentation rate 15,4 ± 6,3 mm/h − 18,5 ± 13,5 mm/h – 31 ± 17 mm/h (positive correlation); lymphocyte level 1,49 ± 0,67 x 109 /l − 0,86 ± 1,45 x 109 /l − 0,68 ± 0,31 x 109 /l (negative correlation); C-reactive protein 8,4 ± 4,7 mg/l − 47,3 ± 18,7 mg/l − 148,7 ± 53,1 mg/l (positive correlation); ferritin 43,4 ± 24,8 µg/l − 743,9 ± 50,3 µg/l – 1425 ± 485,4 µg/l (positive correlation) and the degree of pulmonary tissue lesion according by computed tomography 0 % − 32 ± 13 % − 56 ± 11 % (positive correlation). DISCUSSION: In the course of this study it was found that mild course of COVID-19 is characterized by minor changes of laboratory values, compared to the group of severe and moderate course. There was a strong correlation between the level of COVID-19 severity and lymphocyte level (negative) as well as ferritin (positive) and the degree of infiltrative changes in lungs according on the computed tomography (positive). CONCLUSION: The revealed correlations do not allow a full planning of patient management tactics and to predict the course of COVID-19. Developed diagnostic and treatment algorithm should be based on clinical laboratory and instrumental assessment of the patient’s condition.
Oral mucosa diseases in seafarers during long voyages, their treatment and prevention : prospective study
Authors: Serikov A. A. , Iordanishvili A. K.
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE: To detect oral mucous membrane disease of the mouth, lips and tongue in seafarers on long voyage, to evaluate preventive measures and treatment effectiveness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There was a dental examination of 169 men, aged 22-52 on long voyage, who got full treatment and preventive measures of oral rehabilitation in the pre-deployment period in a time manner. The seafarers were divided into 2 groups. The 1st group included 57 seamen, who were part of the crew. The 2nd group consisted of 112 men, who were training and had the first long voyage. The oral mucosa diagnosis was based on a clinic examination. When identifying pathology, treatment was provided and there were anti-relapse measures after its completion, which were possible given the people on board on long voyage. RESULTS: It was found that the structure of oral mucosa is quite different among people of the 1st and 2nd groups. The pathology among the crew occurred more often due to the autoimmune component of pathogenesis in 5,26% and 0,9% cases respectively, while the people in the 2nd group, being on long voyage as part of their training, experienced infectious oral mucosa pathology (12,28% and 15,32% respectively) significantly more often, and also lesions of the lips due to meteorological factors in 8,77% and 10,81% cases accordingly. DISCUSSION: The article discusses the treatment of meteorological cheilitis, the fracture of the vermilion border of the lip, Vincent disease, herpetic fever and chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis with the use of domestic medicine for topical application. CONCLUSION: On long voyage 26,04% seafarers had cases of oral mucosa, among which most frequently diagnosed ones were infectious diseases, pathology due to meteorological factors, and also diseases with the autoimmune component of pathogenesis. In all cases domestic medicine for topical application was used to reveal pathology of oral mucosa, and further, to prevent its recurrence that allowed to achieve a good therapeutic result and to avoid recurrence of oral mucosa disease, typical for seafarers during a 9-month voyage.
Modulating influence of wistar rats’ oxygen status on behavioural manifestations of nitrogen narcosis: experimental study
Authors: Vjotosh A. N. , Alekseeva O. S.
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE of the study is to determine the influence of changing oxygen status in the animal’s body on nitrogen toxic effect under pressure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hyperbaric chamber was used to create normothermic effect of hyperbaric nitrogen up to 4,1 MPa amid changing oxygen concentration from 0,03 to 0,004 MPa, recording rats’ motor activity and posture reflexes. RESULTS: Oxygen decrease in the respiratory gas medium from 0,021 to 0,004 MPa due to nitrogen compression raised biphasic sensitivity of Wistar rates to nitrogen toxic effect. Yet in the sites of non-compensable hypoxia sensitivity to hyperbaric nitrogen effect increased 4,5 times. Preliminary exposure of pregnant rats in hypoxia led to decrease in the offspring’s sensitivity to toxic effect of hyperbaric nitrogen by 35% on average after reaching puberty. DISCUSSION: The obtained data allows to regard toxic effect of hyperbaric nitrogen as oxygen-dependent process. While hypoxia along with hyperbaric nitrogen effect enhances nitrogen narcosis, hypoxia, prior to nitrogen compression, reduces intoxication of this gas.
Optimization of diver recompression methods after emergency ascent to prevent decompression sickness: experimental study
Authors: Levashev S. L. , Alekseeva O. S.
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE: Based on the analysis of national normative documents and a series of animal experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of a not common method of a diver’s recompression after emergency ascent, skipping all the mandatory decompression stops in order to prevent the development of decompression sickness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study Wister rats (n = 30) were used. The animals were placed in the chamber and there was air compression up to 9 АТА with exposure under pressure within 15 min. Decompression was carried out by pressure release with imitation of emergency ascent. After 5 minutes there was recompression by air up to АТА, isopressure within 10 minutes and elongated decompression. During recompression, further decompression and 2 hours after its completion the animals experienced behavioral response and signs of compression disorder development. RESULTS: The study showed that the test group where the animals’ exposure under 9 ATA completed with the planned decompression on the regime did not experience any behavioral disorder and reflexes of posture during and after decompression. There were also no registered gas bubbles in the brain. Similar results were obtained in the test group with emergency ascent, recompression and further elongated decompression, but not in the group with emergency ascent without recompression. DISCUSSION: The application of the proposed recompression method after imitation of emergency ascent leads to neither visual nor morphologically registered signs of decompression disorders. Along with a shorter period of recompression and decompression as compared with the ones, described in regulatory documents, it allows to adopt the proposed method for reducing the loss of time and resources while maintaining diver’s health and performance after emergency ascent.
Anti-inflammatory effect of hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease: review
Authors: Savilov P. N.
Published: April 2023

OBJECTIVE: Based on the analysis of literature data, highlight the mechanisms of anti-inflammatory action of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum (PUS and D).MATERIALS AND METHODS: The subject of study was scientific publications on the use of hyperbaric oxygenation (GBT) in treatment (PUS and D). The search was carried out on the international databases Elibrary, Pub Med, Scopus, Google Scholar from 1980–2022. A total of 38 literature sources were selected, of which at least 60% were published within the last five years. RESULTS: The effectiveness of the therapeutic effect of HBO (ulcer healing rate) in PUS and D depends on the location and size of the ulcer defect on the wall of the stomach or duodenum. At the moment, there is no conclusive data on the optimal number of HBO sessions required to achieve the maximum therapeutic effect in the treatment of PUS and D. DISCUSSION: The leading link in hyperoxic sanogenesis in this pathology is the anti-inflammatory effect of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2), which is realized by: a) through stimulation of mucocyte formation; b) through regulation of HBO2 qualitative composition of mucocyte secretion; c) by stimulating the formation of bicarbonates by additional cells and increasing the sensitivity of these cells to their endogenous stimulant -solar acid (HCl); d) through the effect of HBO2 on gastrin formation (HCl stimulant), as well as on the diffusion of HCl from the gastric lumen into its capillary network. Together, this leads to a rapid cessation of pain syndrome, which creates conditions for the elimination of dyspeptic syndrome. This is realized through the restoration of the myoelectric activity of the stomach wall and duodenum, the regulation of the myogenic tone of their walls, as well as the elimination of the violation of gastric accommodation in the conditions of HBO. CONCLUSION: The anti-inflammatory effect of HBO2 in the treatment of PUS and D allows us to consider hyperbaric oxygenation as an integral part of the treatment of ulcerative lesion of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism in a young serviceman with a mutation of the plasminogen activator inhibitor gene type 1
Authors: Popova A. V. , Shulenin K. S. , Cherkashin D. V. , Shulenin S. N. , Kutelev G. G. , Bogdanov D. S.
Published: April 2023

The clinical case of acute myocardial infarction and pulmonary embolism in a young soldier with the first occurred protracted attack of angina. The survey found the link between these conditions and gene mutation of type 1 plasminogen activator inhibitor that plays a key role in fibrinolysis by inhibiting the formation of plasmin and leading to slowdown in fibrinolysis processes and a longer-term persistence of blood clot. It is proven that homozygous 4G/4G mutation found in the patient results in the development of arterial and venous thrombosis at a young age and is associated with a tendency to relapse. It clearly shows that hereditary thrombophilia is characterized by the absence of obvious provocative factor and single universal diagnostic algorithm; the diagnosis is based on the comprehensive evaluation of laboratory data.
O corpo como laboratório: ciência e espiritualidade na alimentação prânica
Authors: Brito Caroline
Published: April 2023

O presente artigo discute as práticas holísticas e terapêuticas da chamada espiritualidade Nova Era a partir de sua relação ambígua com os valores da modernidade ocidental. Seu principal objetivo é lançar luz sobre uma prática de jejum que, a partir de uma compreensão própria de experimentação, atua no limiar controverso entre ciência e espiritualidade, procurando combinar novas sensibilidades religiosas a rigor científico. O estudo se baseia em uma etnografia desenvolvida em um retiro dedicado à iniciação na “alimentação prânica” ou “viver de luz” (um jejum de 21 dias que levaria os praticantes à possibilidade de viver permanentemente em condição de inédia ou não alimentação) combinada ao acompanhamento de redes sociais e à análise de livros e materiais que apresentam os princípios da prática. Entre os principais achados da pesquisa está a avaliação de que os modos dos praticantes de conceber a relação com o corpo implicam a emergência de novas ontologias que rompem com dicotomias clássicas do pensamento moderno ocidental, particularmente o par natureza/cultura.
Rituximab tunes desmoglein-3-specific follicular T cells in patients with pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Hébert Vivien , Novarino Julien , Maho-Vaillant Maud , Perals Corine , Bories Cyrielle , Martinez Fanny , Calbo Sébastien , Golinski Marie-Laure , Viguier Manuelle , Joly Pascal , Fazilleau Nicolas
Published: April 2023

Background: Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is characterized by
pathogenic auto-antibodies targeting interkeratinocytes desmoglein (Dsg)
1 and 3, and by the HLA-DRB1-0402 predisposition allele. Treatment using
rituximab (RTX) combined with short-term corticosteroids (CS) allows
disease control and long-lasting remission. The aim of this study is to
evaluate the impact of RTX on the circulating subpopulations of
Dsg-3-specific T lymphocytes that specifically regulate B cell
responses: follicular helper (Tfh) and follicular regulatory T (Tfr)
lymphocytes. Methods: Using the HLA-DRB1-0402 tetramer loaded
with the Dsg-3 immunodominant peptide, we analysed by flow cytometry the
frequency, the polarisation and the activation status of blood
Dsg-3-specific follicular T cell populations at baseline, Month 6 and
long-term follow-up (Month 60-90) from PV patients. Results: At
baseline, we observed a predominance of Tfh1* and Tfh17 subsets and an
underrepresentation of the Tfh2 subset among autoreactive Dsg-3-specific
Tfh cells as compared with non-autoreactive Tfh cells. RTX treatment
induced a decrease of autoreactive Tfh cells with no effect on their
polarisation during patients’ follow-up. In parallel, we observed the
emergence of a Dsg-3-specific Tfr subpopulation with a significant
overexpression of the surface activation markers PD1, ICOS, and CD25
that was not observed at the surface of autoreactive Tfh and
non-autoreactive Tfr cells of the same PV patients. In contrast, a very
few Dsg-3 specific Tfr cells were observed in PV patients treated with
CS alone. Conclusion: Here we show that the emergence of
activated autoreactive Dsg-3-specific Tfr cells is associated with the
long-term efficacy of RTX in PV patients.
Benefits of Using Higher Density Lower Reliability Weather Data from the Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) Monitors for Watershed Modelling
Authors: Fuka Daniel , Garna Roja K. , Easton Zachary , Faulkner Joshua , Collick Amy S.
Published: April 2023

Hydrological models require a complete and accurate time series of
weather inputs to adequately represent watershed-scale responses. The
Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) is the most comprehensive
ground-based global weather database and is often used in hydrological
modeling studies. Since higher density, lower reliability precipitation
measurements from private citizens collected by the Community
Collaborative Rain, Hail, and Snow (CoCoRaHS) network data were
integrated into the GHCN, hydrological modelers in the U.S. have access
to a much greater amount of weather data. However, the benefit of using
CoCoRaHS data has not been assessed. The objectives of this work were to
develop a method for generating a complete weather data time series
based on the combination of data from multiple GHCN monitors and to
assess several methods for estimation of missing weather data. Weather
data from GHCN monitors located within a specific radius of a watershed
were obtained and interpolated using three estimation methods (Inverse
Distance Weighting (IDW), Inverse Distance and Elevation Weighting
(IDEW), and Closest Station), creating a seamless time-series of weather
observations. To evaluate the performance of the methodologies, weather
data obtained from each estimation method was used to force the Soil and
Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models of 21 U.S. Department of
Agriculture-Conservation Effects Assessment Project watersheds in
different climate regions to simulate daily streamflow for 2010-2021.
Except for three watersheds, all SWAT models had Nash-Sutcliffe
Efficiency above 0.5, the ratio of the root mean square error to the
standard deviation of observations below 0.7, and percent bias from
-25% to 25% with a satisfactory performance rating. Overall, IDEW and
IDW performed similarly, and the Closest Station method resulted in the
poorest streamflow simulation. A comparison with published SWAT model
results further corroborated improved model performance using newly
combined GHCN data with all Closest Station, IDW, and IDEW methods.
The Safety and Efficacy of Oral Antiviral Drug VV116 for Treatment of COVID-19: A Systematic Review
Authors: Xiao Ningkun , Zang Wanli , Sergey Kiselev
Published: April 2023

Recent trials have highlighted the potential of oral antiviral VV116 in
addressing mild COVID-19 patients. However, there are presently no
comprehensive studies to assess the safety and efficacy of VV116. Thus,
we conducted a systematic review to assess the safety and efficacy for
VV116. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus database,
and Google Scholar website, with a cut-off date of March 23, to identify
pertinent studies. The results from the three included studies indicated
that no serious adverse events were reported in the VV116 experimental
groups, which exhibited a 2.57-day faster time to viral shedding than
the control group and demonstrated non-inferiority to the
Nirmatrelvir-Ritonavir control group in alleviating major symptoms.
Collectively, the available studies suggest a reliable safety and
efficacy profile for VV116. However, the limited number of three trials
is insufficient for meta-analysis, and the included population consists
of younger individuals with mild and moderate symptoms, not encompassing
the elderly who are severely impacted by COVID-19. We hope that more
studies will be conducted in the future to ensure that VV116 has a more
reliable safety and efficacy profile in the clinical setting, especially
for severe or critical patients.
Characterization of the microbiomes from Salton Sea Trough mud volcanoes, seeps, and enrichment cultures: predominance of H2-autotrophy, H2-producing organotrophy, acetate cycling, and sulfur reduction
Authors: Su Erin , Dowling Anna , Leshchinskiy Maxim , Turvey Alexandra , Cavalcanti Andre , Crane Edward
Published: April 2023

The Salton Sea Trough has a range of geothermal features, including mud
volcanoes, pots, and seeps that express fluids at temperatures ranging
from ambient to 65 to 100 C. The features produce 99% CO2/0.5% CH4 gas
of a thermogenic origin and contain hydrothermally-produced petroleum.
The mud/clay from the Davis-Schrimpf mud volcanoes has an elemental
sulfur (S0) concentration of 317 microM, suggesting that sulfur
metabolism should be important in the system. Surprisingly, there has
been very little microbiological characterization of these features.
Described here are microbial communities, determined by Illumina
sequencing of the 515F – 806R 16S rRNA gene fragment, from mud
volcanoes/seeps from the Davis-Schrimph seep field and nearby areas with
surface feature temperatures from ambient, 65 C, and 100 C. In addition,
we have characterized the communities that developed over 1 month at 65
C in enrichment cultures from the 65 C mud volcanoes incubated with a
range of electron acceptors (ferrihydrite, S0, SO42-, and S2O32-) and
electron donors (tryptone/yeast/casamino acids, crude oil, and CH3CO2-).
The 65 C mud and enrichment culture communities were generally
predominated by autotrophic H2-oxidizers and organotrophic H2-producers,
acetogens, acetotrophs and heterotrophic S0, SO42-, and S2O32- reducers,
including many relatives of microbes previously observed in the deep
subsurface and from petroleum fields or production waters. While
methanogens were present, they were generally at low levels, and few
obvious methylotrophs or anaerobic methane oxidizers were detected.
Overall, these results provide evidence for a subsurface
lithoautotrophic microbial ecosystem (or SliME) in the Salton Sea trough
subsurface.
Guest editorial - real-time image processing with deep neural networks and optimization algorithms
Authors: Yin Shoulin , Ivanovic Mirjana
Published: April 2023

nema
Myocarditis as the first manifestation of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Djordjevic-Radojkovic Danijela , Apostolovic Svetlana , Damjanovic Miodrag , Kostic Tomislav , Fejsa-Levakov Aleksandra , Dimitrijevic Marko , Jankovic-Tomasevic Ruzica , Dakic Sonja , Bozinovic Nenad , Pavicevic Milena
Published: April 2023

Introduction. Myocarditis is not a rare diagnosis, but its etiology often remains unknown as it requires extensive diagnostic work. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) or Churg-Strauss syndrome is a very rare systemic disease that is not easy to diagnose. Myocarditis in EGPA is uncommon and usually occurs in the late stages of the disease. Case report. A 22-year-old man was admitted with acute coronary syndrome. Using coronary angiography, the presence of stenoses on the epicardial coronary arteries was ruled out, and a working diagnosis of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) was established. Then, we found inflammatory syndrome, eosinophilia, and a lot of systemic symptoms and signs. The diagnostic work included extensive laboratory tests, which ruled out infectious agents. Then, immunological tests, a computed tomography scan of the chest, cardiac magnetic reso-nance imaging (MRI) and a biopsy of the bone marrow, nasal mucosa, and skin were performed. We managed to establish the diagnosis of myopericarditis by cardiac MRI. The cause of myocarditis ? EGPA, was found only after the histopathological finding of the skin biopsy, which enabled ad-equate immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion. The accurate diagnosis was crucial for the correct, causal treatment of the patient, especially because he needed life-long immunosuppressive therapy. In order for such complex patients to receive adequate treatment, a multidisciplinary approach and perseverance in the diagnostic evaluation of the etiology of myocarditis are necessary.
Metformin and Cancer: Solutions to a Real-World Evidence Failure
Authors: Yu Oriana Hoi Yun , Suissa Samy
Published: April 2023

The quest to repurpose metformin, an antidiabetes drug, as an agent for cancer prevention and treatment, which began in 2005 with an observational study that reported a reduction in cancer incidence among metformin users, generated extensive experimental, observational, and clinical research. Experimental studies revealed that metformin has anticancer effects via various pathways, potentially inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Concurrently, multiple nonrandomized observational studies reported remarkable reductions in cancer incidence and outcomes with metformin use. However, these studies were shown, in 2012, to be affected by time-related biases, such as immortal time bias, which tend to greatly exaggerate the benefit of a drug. The observational studies that avoided these biases did not find an association. Subsequently, the randomized trials of metformin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and as adjuvant therapy for the treatment of various cancers, advanced or metastatic, did not find reductions in cancer incidence or outcomes. Most recently, the largest phase 3 randomized trial of metformin as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer, which enrolled 3,649 women with a 5-year follow-up, found no benefit for disease-free survival or overall survival with metformin. This major failure of observational real-world evidence studies in correctly assessing the effects of metformin on cancer incidence and outcomes was caused by preventable biases which, surprisingly, are still prominent in 2022. Rigorous approaches for observational studies that emulate randomized trials, such as the incident and prevalent new-user designs along with propensity scores, avoid these biases and can provide more accurate real-world evidence for the repurposing of drugs such as metformin.
The Broader Economic Value of Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Mulligan Karen , Kim Jaehong , Tysinger Bryan , Blim Jill , Emerson Geoffrey , Ferrone Philip J. , Kim Judy E. , Seabury Seth , Hahn Paul
Published: April 2023

  

Objective: To simulate economic outcomes for individuals with diabetic macular edema (DME) and estimate the economic value of direct and indirect benefits associated with DME treatment. 

Methods: Our study pairs individual and cohort analyses to demonstrate the value of treatment for DME. We used a microsimulation model to simulate self-reported vision (SRV) and economic outcomes for individuals with DME. Four scenarios derived from clinical trial data were simulated and compared for a lifetime horizon: untreated, anti-VEGF therapy, laser, and steroid. To quantify the relative magnitude of costs and benefits of DME treatment in the U.S., we used a cohort-level analysis based on real world treatment parameters derived from published data. 

Results: In the model, excellent/good SRV roughly corresponded to 20/40 or better visual acuity. A representative 51-year old treated for DME would spend 30-35% additional years with excellent/good SRV and 29-32% fewer years with fair/poor SRV relative to being untreated. A treated individual would experience 4-5% greater life expectancy and 9-13% more quality-adjusted life years. Indirect benefits from treatment included 6-9% more years working, 12-19% greater lifetime earnings, and 8-16% fewer years with disability. For the U.S. DME cohort (1.1. million people), total direct benefit was $63.0 billion over 20 years, and total indirect benefit was $4.8 billion. Net value (benefit minus cost) of treatment ranged from $28.1 billion to $52.8 billion.

Conclusions:  Treatment for DME provides economic value to patients and society through improved vision, life expectancy, and quality of life and indirectly through improved employment and disability outcomes.