bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considerations for Comprehensive Analyses of Sporozoite-Based Controlled Human Malaria Infection Studies
Authors: Lover Andrew A.
Published: September 2015

There has been renewed interest in the use of sporozoite-based approaches for controlled human malaria infections (CHMIs), and several sets of human challenge studies have recently completed. A study undertaken in Tanzania and published in 2014 found dose dependence between 10,000 and 25,000 sporozoite doses, as well as divergent times-to-parasitemia relative to earlier studies in European volunteers, with important implications for planning future studies. Analysis of time-to-event data has had extensive development in recent years, but these methods have had limited exposure outside biostatistics. Expansion of the published analyses to include recent methodological approaches optimized for the types of data used could provide a richer analysis of these studies and may result in alternative findings. Specifically, in a re-analysis of these data using survival analysis techniques, the differences recorded in prepatent periods between the two dosing regimens do not reach statistical significance, and there is no evidence for statistically significant differences in prepatent periods between the Dutch and Tanzanian study sites. Although these findings do not impact the reported safety and tolerability of challange with cryopreserved Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites (PfSPZ), or invalidate the authors' hypotheses regarding naturally acquired immunity and its effect on parasite growth rates and prepatent periods, they highlight important opportunities to more fully use datasets from these trials and related CHMI experiments in the planning of future challenge studies.
Mature Erythrocyte Surface Antigen Protein Identified in the Serum of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Patients
Authors: Zainudin Nurul Shazalina , Othman Nurulhasanah , Muhi Jamail , Abdu Sani Asmahani Azira , Noordin Rahmah
Published: September 2015

This study was performed to identify circulating Plasmodium falciparum proteins in patient serum, which may be useful as diagnostic markers. Depletion of highly abundant proteins from each pooled serum sample obtained from P. falciparum-infected patients and healthy individuals was performed using the Proteoseek Antibody-Based Albumin/IgG Removal Kit (Thermo Scientific, Rockford, IL). In analysis 1, the depleted serum was analyzed directly by NanoLC-MS/MS. In analysis 2, the depleted serum was separated by two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by western blot analysis. Subsequently, the selected band was analyzed by NanoLC-MS/MS. The result of analysis 1 revealed the presence of two mature erythrocyte surface antigen (MESA) proteins and chloroquine resistance transporter protein (PfCRT). In addition, analysis 2 revealed an antigenic 75-kDa band when the membrane was probed with purified IgG from the pooled serum obtained from P. falciparum-infected patients. MS/MS analysis of this protein band revealed fragments of P. falciparum MESA proteins. Thus, in this study, two different analyses revealed the presence of Plasmodium MESA protein in pooled serum from malaria patients; thus, this protein should be further investigated to determine its usefulness as a diagnostic marker.
Elastography: A New Dimension in Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging
Authors: Balaji P , Gazge Nikhat Mukhtar
Published: September 2015

Elastography or elasticity imaging is a new non-invasive imaging modality that involves tissue stiffness assessment based on hardness (elasticity) of normal or pathological tissues. The principle being that tissue compression produces strain within the tissue leading to tissue displacement due to which tissue hardness can be estimated. This tissue elasticity resulting from compression is displayed as an image called elastogram. This technique can be particularly useful in preoperative assessment of pathological tissues which are generally harder than normal surrounding tissues. Hence, the purpose of this article is to highlight this technique and its various applications in oral and maxillofacial region.

How to cite this article

Gazge NM, Balaji P. Elastography: A New Dimension in Oral and Maxillofacial Imaging. J Health Sci Res 2014;5(2):6-9.
Maxillary Ameloblastoma: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Balaji P , Vasan Vinitra , Latha S
Published: September 2015

Ameloblastoma is a benign but locally aggressive odontogenic tumor. The knowledge about this tumor is gaining greater importance because of its emerging variants. It is very essential to know the clinical, radiological and histopathological features of all the subtypes of ameloblastoma along with their behavioral and prognostic characteristics. Worldwide, maxillary ameloblastoma is rare, but its late detection renders adequate treatment difficult. Majority occur in the mandible with about 5 to 20% occurring in the maxillary bone. Here, we report a case of follicular ameloblastoma of the anterior maxilla in a 60-year-old male.

How to cite this article

Vasan V, Balaji P, Latha S, Gupta A. Maxillary Ameloblastoma: A Rare Case Report. J Health Sci Res 2014;5(2):21-24.
Full Mouth Rehabilitation of a Child with Cerebral Palsy under General Anesthesia
Authors: Jaya AR , Praveen P , Ananthraj A , Nihal Nidhi K
Published: September 2015

Cerebral palsy is defined as a nonprogressive brain disorder of movement and posture. The patient is characterized by mental and motor disabilities, sensory impairments of vision and hearing, besides having seizures and contraction joints. The dentist, doctors and healthcare professionals who treat patients with disabilities play an important role in health promotion and improvement in quality of life through multidisciplinary clinical planning especially in cerebral palsy patients who need special care. The aim of this case report was to describe a clinical case in which preventive and surgical interventions were performed in a 6-year-old male child with cerebral palsy under general anesthesia who reported to the Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, DAPMRV Dental College, Bengaluru, with the chief complaint of pain and swelling in upper left and lower right back tooth region. The approach targeted to the oral health of the patient with cerebral palsy can be considered as an important strategy for promoting the overall health and quality of life.

How to cite this article

Jaya AR, Praveen P, Ananthraj A, Nihal NK. Full Mouth Rehabilitation of a Child with Cerebral Palsy under General Anesthesia. J Health Sci Res 2014;5(2):29-32.
The use of epibenthic copepod Tisbe biminiensis nauplii to assess the toxicity of seawater samples in Suape Bay (state of Pernambuco; Brazil)
Authors: Souza-Santos Lilia Pereira , Oliveira Deloar Duda , Lima Edmilson Santos
Published: September 2015

Bioassays to determine the toxicity of water have been used worldwide as a tool of environmental monitoring. In the present study, the epibenthic copepod Tisbe biminiensis nauplius is proposed as a test organism for samples of seawater. Survival and the percentage of development from nauplius to copepodite were compared to the embryo-larval development of the sea urchin L. variegatus exposed to the same samples from the Suape estuarine system (state of Pernambuco, Brazil) collected in 2009. T. biminiensis naupliar development displayed a similar sensitivity to that found with the sea urchin embryos, mainly when simple t-test (not bioequivalent corrected) was used for sea urchin data. However, a lower sensitivity of copepod survival was found. The aluminium, iron and lead concentrations in surface waters were sometimes higher than Brazilian guidelines for estuarine water, probably due to dredging activities and anthropogenic contamination. These metals could be at least partially responsible for the toxic effects found at different stations and months. The results indicated that naupliar development of this epibenthic copepod is appropriate for the assessment of toxicity levels in seawater samples.
Aerosol optical properties in the southeastern United States in summer – Part 1: Hygroscopic growth
Authors: Brock C. A. , Wagner N. L. , Anderson B. E. , Attwood A. R. , Beyersdorf A. , Campuzano-Jost P. , Carlton A. G. , Day D. A. , Diskin G. S. , Gordon T. D. , Jimenez J. L. , Lack D. A. , Liao J. , Markovic M. Z. , Middlebrook A. M. , Ng N. L. , Perring A. E. , Richardson M. S. , Schwarz J. P. , Washenfelder R. A. , Welti A. , Xu L. , Ziemba L. D. , Murphy D. M.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Aircraft observations of meteorological, trace gas, and aerosol properties were made during May–September 2013 in the southeastern United States (US) under fair-weather, afternoon conditions with well-defined planetary boundary layer structure. Optical extinction at 532 nm was directly measured at three relative humidities and compared with extinction calculated from measurements of aerosol composition and size distribution using the κ-Köhler approximation for hygroscopic growth. Using this approach, the hygroscopicity parameter κ for the organic fraction of the aerosol must have been < 0.10 to be consistent with 75 % of the observations within uncertainties. This subsaturated κ value for the organic aerosol in the southeastern US is consistent with several field studies in rural environments. We present a new parameterization of the change in aerosol extinction as a function of relative humidity that better describes the observations than does the widely used power-law (gamma, γ) parameterization. This new single-parameter κext formulation is based upon κ-Köhler and Mie theories and relies upon the well-known approximately linear relationship between particle volume (or mass) and optical extinction (Charlson et al., 1967). The fitted parameter, κext, is nonlinearly related to the chemically derived κ parameter used in κ-Köhler theory. The values of κext we determined from airborne measurements are consistent with independent observations at a nearby ground site.
Diffuse synchrotron emission from galactic cosmic ray electrons
Authors: Di Bernardo G. , Grasso D. , Evoli C. , Gaggero D.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. Synchrotron diffuse radiation (SDR) emission is one of the major Galactic components, in the 100 MHz up to 100 GHz frequency range. Its spectrum and sky map provide valuable measure of the galactic cosmic ray electrons (GCRE) in the relevant energy range, as well as of the strength and structure of the Galactic magnetic fields (GMF), both regular and random ones. This emission is an astrophysical sky foreground for the study of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), and the extragalactic microwave measurements, and it needs to be modelled as better as possible. In this regard, in order to get an accurate description of the SDR in the Galaxy, we use – for the first time in this context – 3-dimensional GCRE models obtained by running the DRAGON code. This allows us to account for a realistic spiral arm pattern of the source distribution, demanded to get a self-consistent treatment of all relevant energy losses influencing the final synchrotron spectrum.
Transport of volume, heat, and salt towards the Arctic in the Faroe Current 1993–2013
Authors: Hansen B. , Larsen K. M. H. , Hátún H. , Kristiansen R. , Mortensen E. , Østerhus S.
Published: September 2015

Abstract. The flow of warm and saline water from the Atlantic Ocean, across the Greenland–Scotland Ridge, into the Nordic Seas – the Atlantic inflow – is split into three separate branches. The most intense of these branches is the inflow between Iceland and the Faroe Islands (Faroes), which is focused into the Faroe Current, north of the Faroes. The Atlantic inflow is an integral part of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC), which is projected to weaken during the 21st century and might conceivably reduce the oceanic heat and salt transports towards the Arctic. Since the mid-1990s, hydrographic properties and current velocities of the Faroe Current have been monitored along a section extending north from the Faroe shelf. From these in situ observations, time series of volume, heat, and salt transport have previously been reported, but the high variability of the transport has made it difficult to establish whether there are trends. Here, we present results from a new analysis of the Faroe Current where the in situ observations have been combined with satellite altimetry. For the period 1993 to 2013, we find the average volume transport of Atlantic water in the Faroe Current to be 3.8 ± 0.5 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) with a heat transport relative to 0 °C of 124 ± 15 TW (1 TW = 1012 W). Consistent with other results for the Northeast Atlantic component of the THC, we find no indication of weakening. The transports of the Faroe Current, on the contrary, increased. The overall increase over the 2 decades of observation was 9 ± 8 % for volume transport and 18 ± 9 % for heat transport (95 % confidence intervals). During the same period, the salt transport relative to the salinity of the deep Faroe Bank Channel overflow (34.93) more than doubled, potentially strengthening the feedback on thermohaline intensity. The increased heat and salt transports are partly caused by the increased volume transport and partly by increased temperatures and salinities of the Atlantic inflow, which have been claimed mainly to be caused by the weakened subpolar gyre.
Loss of Heterozygosity in Thyroid Hormone Receptor Beta in Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Ling Yaqin , Li Qing , Yang Hui , Wang Yonghe , Tang Fabing , Kang Hongfei , Wang Yong
Published: September 2015

Background

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome arm 3p, where the gene of thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) is located, has been reported in breast cancer. Although some studies performed in vitro have suggested that THRB could act as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer development, there is still no unequivocal evidence to support this.

Methods

To determine the role of LOH in breast tumor development, the LOH of THRB and its proximal microsatellite markers D3S1293, D3S3659, D3S3700, D3S2307 and D3S2336 was investigated in a genomic region spanning ~3.3 Mb in tumor specimens and in corresponding normal tissues of 74 invasive breast cancer patients. The association was analyzed between LOH in microsatellite markers and clinicopathological characteristics.

Results

LOH was detected in D3S1293 (36.7%), THRB (59.4%), D3S3659 (37.5%) and D3S3700 (55.2%) among the informative cases, while LOH was not detected in D3S2307 and D3S2336. Cases exhibited LOH of 52.8%-71.4% if any 2 markers were combined and analyzed out of the first 4 microsatellite markers. LOH in THRB was associated with negative estrogen receptor (ER), negative progesterone receptor (PR), both negative estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor (HR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0001, p = 0.005, p = 0.001 and p = 0.018). The association with negative PR in LOH in THRB and/or D3S1293 was pronounced (p<0.0001). LOH in D3S3700 showed an association with lymph node metastasis (p = 0.014). This association was enhanced if D3S3700 was combined with THRB or D3S3659 (p = 0.0004, p = 0.0002).

Conclusions

LOH in THRB and its proximal microsatellite markers may play a role in tumorigenesis and development in invasive breast cancer.
Clinicopathological Correlation of Keratinocyte Growth Factor and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Expression in Human Gastric Cancer
Authors: Zhang Qing , Wang Ping , Shao Ming , Chen Shi-Wen , Xu Zhi-Feng , Xu Feng , Yang Zhong-Yin , Liu Bing-Ya , Gu Qin-Long , Zhang Wen-Jian , Li Yong
Published: September 2015

Aims and background

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is reported to be implicated in the growth of some cancer cells. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) is thought to enhance the tumor invasion and metastasis ability. This study was aimed at analyzing the relationship between KGF and MMP-9 expression and patients' clinicopathological characteristics to clarify the clinical significance of the expression of KGF and MMP-9 in gastric cancer.

Methods

Tissue samples from 161 patients with primary gastric cancer were investigated using immunohistochemistry. The relationship between KGF and/or MMP-9 expression and clinicopathological characteristics was analyzed.

Results

KGF expression and MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer tissue were observed in 62 cases (38.5%) and 97 cases (60.2%), respectively. MMP-9 was significantly associated with depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM stage. The prognosis of MMP-9-positive patients was significantly poorer than that of MMP-9-negative patients (p = 0.009). KGF expression was positively correlated with MMP-9 expression in gastric cancer, and the prognosis of patients with both KGF- and MMP-9-positive tumors was significantly worse than that of patients with negative tumors for either factor (p = 0.045). Expression of MMP-9 was revealed to be an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.026).

Conclusions

Coexpression of KGF and MMP-9 in gastric cancer could be a useful prognostic factor, and MMP-9 might also serve as a novel target for both prognostic prediction and therapeutics.
Cannibalism, Consumerism, and Profanation
Authors: Dominy Jordan J.
Published: September 2015

Cormac McCarthy's 2006 novel The Road uses archetypal images of cannibalism appearing in contact period travelogues, eighteenth-century abolitionist writings, and more recent narratives. These connections between The Road and earlier writings demonstrate how the novel evokes imagery of insatiable anthropophagy in the same way that authors prior have done so in a critique of capitalism and emphasize the novel's critical portrayal of American consumerism. Critics writing on The Road have certainly addressed the novel's cannibalism as an ethical divide and as a metaphor for blind consumerism. However, they do not explore at length the prevalence of other kinds of consumption in the novel remaining in its landscape, which the narrator often describes as having been consumed by some manner of ecological disaster, and the somewhat less visible—but surviving—apparatus of consumer society. The Road envisions a world ultimately resulting from an utter drive to consume and can be read as a grim, extreme parable warning of an entire globe commodified and consumed, leaving only waste—a literal dust heap of history—and advising that this end could be difficult to avoid.
Ocular conditions among singed–hide butchers at The Kumasi abattoir
Authors: Kumah David Ben , Bisiw James Duah , Abdul–Kabir Mohammed , Osae Eugene Appenteng
Published: September 2015

This study attempted to determine the prevalent eye conditions among singed-hide butchers at the Kumasi abattoir (slaughterhouse) in Ghana. A cross-sectional study comprising 80 conveniently chosen singed-hide butchers at the abattoir was conducted. History taken from participants included participants’ demographics and ocular and occupational history. Ocular examination included ophthalmoscopy and visual acuity. Diagnoses were made on the presence of a condition(s) in either or both eyes. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0 was used to analyze data collected. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact testwere employed. The overall prevalence of ocular morbidities was 63.8% among the respondents.Ocular itchiness (77.5%) was the most widely reported symptom followed by teary eyes (70.0%). All respondents suffered from one or more oculo-visual symptoms. The commonest ocular diseases were pinguecula (38.8%), followed by pterygium (20.0%), conjunctivitis (2.5%) and cataract (2.5%). It was observed that singed-hide butchers at the Kumasi abattoir were at high risk of developing eye diseases attributable to the working environment.
The impact of ultraviolet photography on the sun safety awareness and behavior of skiers and snowboarders
Authors: Lynn Darren , Jones Trevor , Whitsitt Jacob , Trikha Ritika , Schlichte Megan J. , Karimkhani Chante , Boyers Lindsay , Winston Helena , Dunnick Cory A. , Dellavalle Robert P.
Published: September 2015

Objective: Snow sport enthusiasts, such as snowboarders and skiers, are a less studied population at significant risk for ultraviolet(UV) exposure due to long hours spent at high altitudes with more intense UV radiation. Studies have documented the efficacy ofUV photography to impact sun protection habits by individuals with a range of skin cancer risk factors. Informing snow sportenthusiasts of their sun damage through UV photography may be a way to change this population’s perception and behavior of sun protection.Methods: A UV camera was utilized at the 2013 SnowSports Industries America Snow Show in Colorado to assess the levelof accumulated sun damage in show attendees. A follow-up survey was performed at this same event one year later in 2014. Participants at the 2013 event were recruited to a UV camera booth and completed a ten-question pre-survey assessing baselinesun-safety awareness and behaviors. Full-face frontal photographs using two different UV camera models were then takenand shown on a digital screen to the participants. Individualized education was provided regarding the degree of sun damage revealed by the intervention as well as sun safety recommendations. Participants were at the 2013 event were then contacted viaemail six months later to complete a ten-question survey on surveymonkey.com. The survey assessed the permanence of the UV photography intervention on sun habits over the duration of the ski/snowboard season. Email was used for communication purposes after a poor response rate using telephone for a one-month post-intervention follow-up.Results: The 2013 post-intervention study revealed a 41% response rate (n=46) with overall positive influence of UV photographyon sun protection behavior in the survey. Post-intervention survey results for the 2014 study with an observed response rate of 28% (n=37) with a similar overall positive influence of our intervention on sun protection behavior.Conclusions: UV photography-based interventions and education may impact sun-safety behavior in high-risk populations such as skiers and snowboarders that may otherwise not receive appropriate education regarding the dangers of UV exposure and prevention of skin cancer. However, more controlled studies should be conducted to positively associate UV photography intervention and education and sun safety behavior.
Size and Persistence of Nitrous Oxide Hot-Spots in Grazed and Ungrazed Grassland
Authors: Hargreaves Paul R. , Rees Robert M. , Horgan Graham W. , Ball Bruce C.
Published: September 2015

Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from agriculture contributed an estimated 60% of the global total in 2005. In the UK, grassland soils account for 30% of total emissions, 22% of which are estimated to come from urine and dung patches. These patches are possible sources of ‘hot-spots’ (area ca. 1 m2) of N2O fluxes. Spatial and temporal heterogeneity of N2O hot-spot fluxes were investigated in three grassland fields (grazed with dairy cows (DG), grazed with young stock (YG) or cut for silage (SC)) using gas sampling chambers surrounding historic hot-spots to establish their size. Fluxes from old dung and urine patches were measured, as well as freshly applied dung and urine to simulate the creation of hot-spots. Potential chemical and physical drivers were also measured. Large spatial variability of N2O fluxes was seen in all three grassland fields. Mean N2O fluxes for the historic hot-spots in the grazed fields (DG and YG) were significantly greater than (SC). The mean N2O fluxes in DG and YG (117.9 and 243.5 ng N m-2 s-1) were 15 to 30% greater than for SC. Soil temperature (15 - 20 °C) was the most significant driver of N2O production with a 1°C rise in soil temperature increasing emissions under DG and YG. N2O fluxes were enhanced by the fresh dung but not by urine. However, in the urine treatment, the nutrient input increased the microbial respiration response for the CO2 flux. Hot-spot N2O emissions from old urine and dung patches were persistent several months after application.
External Criticism by Parents and Obsessive Beliefs in Adolescents: Mediating Role of Beliefs associated with Inflated Responsibility
Authors: Halvaiepour Zohrh , Nosratabadi Mehdi
Published: September 2015

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is considered as a rare disorder in children. According to cognitive theories, criticism triggers responsibility behavior and thus causes obsessive behaviors. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the mediating role of beliefs associated with responsibility in the relationship between external criticism of parents and obsessive beliefs in adolescents.

MATERIALS & METHODS: In this study, 547 high school students aged from 15 to18 years were selected using multi-stage cluster random sampling from four regions of the education office in Shiraz. Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire-child version (OBQ-CV), Pathway to Inflated Responsibility beliefs Scale (PIRBS), and perceived criticism questionnaire were used to collect data. Pearson's correlation was used to investigate the relationship between the study variables. For analysis of mediation model, multiple mediators analysis using Macro Software was used.

RESULTS: External criticism only indirectly and through beliefs associated with inflated responsibility accounts for 6% of the variance of responsibility, 14% of the variance of threat estimation and 10% of the variance of perfectionism of obsessive beliefs (P<0.05). However, external criticism, both directly and indirectly and through beliefs associated with inflated responsibility accounts for 7% of the variance of the importance of obsessive beliefs.

CONCLUSION: This study showed that the beliefs associated with inflated responsibility can mediate the relationship between external criticism and obsessive beliefs. According to the cognitive model of Salkovskis, criticism by parents, as a violation to and an influence on children, by affecting the subscales of inflated responsibility, can increase the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder. In order to identify potential affecting mechanisms of criticism on obsessive-compulsive disorder, further experimental research is required.
An explicit viscosity iterative algorithm for finding the solutions of a general equilibrium problem systems
Authors: Sahebi H. R. , Ebrahimi S.
Published: September 2015

We suggest an explicit viscosity iterative algorithm for finding a common element of the set of solutions for an general equilibrium problem system (GEPS) involving a bifunction defined on a closed, convex subset and the set of fixed points of a nonexpansive semigroup on another one in Hilbert's spaces. Furthermore, we present some numerical examples(by using MATLAB software) to guarantee the main result of this paper.
Inequalities of quermassintegrals about mixed Blaschke Minkowski homomorphisms
Authors: Feng Yibin , Wang Weidong , Yuan Jun
Published: September 2015

In this article, we establish some inequalities of quermassintegrals associated with mixed Blaschke Minkowski homomorphisms. In particular, Minkowski and Brunn-Minkowski type inequalities for quermassintegrals differences of mixed Blaschke Minkowski homomorphisms are established. In addition, we also give an isolated form of Brunn-Minkowski type inequality of quermassintegrals established by Schuster.
On some parametric classifications of quasi-symmetric 2-designs
Authors: Ghosh Debashis , Dey Lakshmi Kanta
Published: September 2015

Quasi-symmetric $2$-designs with block intersection numbers $x$ and $y$, where $y=x+4$ and $x > 0$ are considered. If $D(v, b, r, k, \lambda; x, y)$ is a quasi-symmetric $2$-design with above condition, then it is shown that the number of such designs is finite, whenever $3\leq x \leq 68$. Moreover, the non-existence of triangle free quasi-symmetric $2$-designs under these parameters is obtained.
Parental effects alter the adaptive value of an adult behavioural trait
Authors: Kilner Rebecca M , Boncoraglio Giuseppe , Henshaw Jonathan M , Jarrett Benjamin JM , De Gasperin Ornela , Attisano Alfredo , Kokko Hanna
Published: September 2015

The parents' phenotype, or the environment they create for their young, can have long-lasting effects on their offspring, with profound evolutionary consequences. Yet, virtually no work has considered how such parental effects might change the adaptive value of behavioural traits expressed by offspring upon reaching adulthood. To address this problem, we combined experiments on burying beetles (Nicrophorus vespilloides) with theoretical modelling and focussed on one adult behavioural trait in particular: the supply of parental care. We manipulated the early-life environment and measured the fitness payoffs associated with the supply of parental care when larvae reached maturity. We found that (1) adults that received low levels of care as larvae were less successful at raising larger broods and suffered greater mortality as a result: they were low-quality parents. Furthermore, (2) high-quality males that raised offspring with low-quality females subsequently suffered greater mortality than brothers of equivalent quality, which reared larvae with higher quality females. Our analyses identify three general ways in which parental effects can change the adaptive value of an adult behavioural trait: by influencing the associated fitness benefits and costs; by consequently changing the evolutionary outcome of social interactions; and by modifying the evolutionarily stable expression of behavioural traits that are themselves parental effects.
Quantitative time-resolved analysis reveals intricate, differential regulation of standard- and immuno-proteasomes
Authors: Liepe Juliane , Holzhütter Hermann-Georg , Bellavista Elena , Kloetzel Peter M , Stumpf Michael PH , Mishto Michele
Published: September 2015

Proteasomal protein degradation is a key determinant of protein half-life and hence of cellular processes ranging from basic metabolism to a host of immunological processes. Despite its importance the mechanisms regulating proteasome activity are only incompletely understood. Here we use an iterative and tightly integrated experimental and modelling approach to develop, explore and validate mechanistic models of proteasomal peptide-hydrolysis dynamics. The 20S proteasome is a dynamic enzyme and its activity varies over time because of interactions between substrates and products and the proteolytic and regulatory sites; the locations of these sites and the interactions between them are predicted by the model, and experimentally supported. The analysis suggests that the rate-limiting step of hydrolysis is the transport of the substrates into the proteasome. The transport efficiency varies between human standard- and immuno-proteasomes thereby impinging upon total degradation rate and substrate cleavage-site usage.
YAP controls retinal stem cell DNA replication timing and genomic stability
Authors: Cabochette Pauline , Vega-Lopez Guillermo , Bitard Juliette , Parain Karine , Chemouny Romain , Masson Christel , Borday Caroline , Hedderich Marie , Henningfeld Kristine A , Locker Morgane , Bronchain Odile , Perron Muriel
Published: September 2015

The adult frog retina retains a reservoir of active neural stem cells that contribute to continuous eye growth throughout life. We found that Yap, a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, is specifically expressed in these stem cells. Yap knock-down leads to an accelerated S-phase and an abnormal progression of DNA replication, a phenotype likely mediated by upregulation of c-Myc. This is associated with an increased occurrence of DNA damage and eventually p53-p21 pathway-mediated cell death. Finally, we identified PKNOX1, a transcription factor involved in the maintenance of genomic stability, as a functional and physical interactant of YAP. Altogether, we propose that YAP is required in adult retinal stem cells to regulate the temporal firing of replication origins and quality control of replicated DNA. Our data reinforce the view that specific mechanisms dedicated to S-phase control are at work in stem cells to protect them from genomic instability.
R&D Project selection by integrated grey analytic network process and grey relational analysis: an implementation for home appliances company
Authors: Tuzkaya Umut R. , Yolver Ezgi
Published: September 2015

For many firms, the key to improve competitiveness is their ability of research and development (R&D);therefore the R&D project selection is an essential decision process for them. In this study, we worked on R&D Project Selection issue and performed an implementation for a home appliances company. Wefirst discussed important criteria for R&D projects selection with R&D specialists in the company. Inorder to evaluate projects, many criteria, containing various sub-criteria were determined via extensiveliterature research. After reviewing multi criteria decision methods in order to handle theinterdependencies among the criteria and the sub-criteria, Analytic Network Process (ANP) was chosen.Due to being conformed to characteristics of R&D projects, the ANP model generated basing on greynumbers. Also, ANP was used to get the weight of criteria. The experts filled the pairwise comparisonmatrices, which were built up for defining the importance and influences of the criteria/sub-criteria inthe ANP model. According to these matrices, weights were determined. Then, determined alternativeprojects were ranked via Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) method. The model was applied on a real liferefrigerator projects in a home appliances company.
Lectotypifications of two names of Indian species of Ceropegia (Apocynaceae)
Authors: Singh Rajeev Kumar , Garg Arti
Published: September 2015

Two recognized species of Indian Ceropegia L. are lectotypified here: Ceropegia macrantha Wight and C. wallichii Wight.
Impatiens parkinsonii C.E.C.Fisch. (Balsaminaceae), a new addition to flora of India and notes on its typification
Authors: Gogoi Rajib , Odyuo Nripemo , Daimary Ranjit
Published: September 2015

Impatiens parkinsonii C.E.C. Fisch. (Balsaminaceae) is reported as new addition to the flora of India. It was earlier only known from North Myanmar. As there was no designation of holotype for the species, a lectotype is designated herewith.
A inserção de Estudos Críticos Animais em Instituições de Educação Superior
Authors: Castellano Maria , Sorrentino Marcos
Published: September 2015

Os “Estudos Críticos Animais” compõem um campo de conhecimento interdisciplinar relativamente novo na educação no Brasil, e têm as relações entre humanos e os outros animais como seu foco central. Em alguns países o campo encontra-se bastante avançado, e vem se fortalecendo inclusive por suas inter-relações com disciplinas que questionam outras formas de opressão – tais como os estudos de gênero, étnicos e GLBTs. Oriundo de uma pesquisa de pós-doutoramento, o presente artigo aborda as possibilidades de formação de pessoas nessa área e sua inserção em Instituições de Educação Superior no Brasil. Parte dos subsídios aqui apresentados provêm da análise da experiência de quatro universidades da América do Norte (uma nos EUA e três no Canadá).
Carbon and oxygen isotopes of bulk carbonate in sediment deposited beneath the eastern equatorial Pacific over the last 8 million years
Authors: Reghellin Daniele , Coxall Helen K. , Dickens Gerald R. , Backman Jan
Published: September 2015

To improve the understanding and utility of bulk carbonate stable carbon and oxygen isotope measurements, we examine sediment from cores in the eastern equatorial Pacific that span the last 8 Ma. We measured δ13C and δ18O in 791 samples from Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site U1338 and Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 573, both located close to the Pacific equator. In 100 samples, we measured δ13C and δ18O on isolated <63 µm and <38 µm fractions, which concentrates calcareous nannofossil carbonate and progressively excludes foraminiferal carbonate. Bulk carbonate δ13C and δ18O records are similar to published records from other sites drilled near the equator and seem to reflect mixed layer conditions, albeit with some important caveats involving the precipitation of calcite by coccolithophores. The comparatively lower δ13C and δ18O of the <63 µm and <38 µm fractions in sediments younger than 4.4 Ma is attributed to an increase in deep‐dwelling planktic foraminifera material in bulk carbonate, shifting the bulk isotopic signals toward higher values. Bulk carbonate δ13C is similar over 2500 km along the Pacific equator, suggesting covarying concentrations and δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon within surface waters since 8 Ma. Greater bulk sediment δ13C and δ18O, higher sedimentation rates, and low content of coarse material suggest intensified wind‐driven upwelling and enhanced primary productivity along the Pacific equator between 8.0 and 4.4 Ma, although a full understanding of bulk carbonate records will require extensive future work.
Optical Manipulation: Trapping, Photoporation, and Transfection
Authors: Antkowiak Maciej , Dholakia Kishan
Published: September 2015

The use of laser light for cell nanosurgery and micromanipulation has gained a significant interest in the recent decades. This article reviews and describes the emergent areas of optical cell transfection with laser fields and optical manipulation of cells. First, we discuss how laser beams can be used to create small submicron‐sized perforations in the cell membrane to facilitate the transfer of therapeutic agents. We then turn to the topic of manipulating the motion of cells with optical forces by using near infrared laser sources with no damage. We also present the laser‐guided neuron growth and then briefly discuss the merging of optical trapping and cell transfection by use of the breakdown of optically trapped particles for poration and transfection of larger numbers of cells.
Childhood: A Universalist Perspective for How Israel is using Child Arrest and Detention to further its Colonial Settler Project
Authors: Shalhoub‐Kevorkian Nadera
Published: September 2015

Drawing from reports and documentation published by Israeli and Palestinian human rights and children's rights organizations, and establishing the analyses from the voices and stories of Palestinian children suffering from politically motivated abuses, the present paper examines child abuse in settler colonial contexts. Through the analyses of the various voices, narratives, and reports, the paper examines the inscription of state power over children's bodies and lives, marking the connection between biopolitics and geopolitics, as well as the resultant suffering of children. The analyses of the collected data suggest that knowledge about child maltreatment and the violations of children's rights cannot be dislocated from the history, politics, and structure of settler colonialism. The paper concludes by arguing that living a childhood situated in spaces of exterminability, as the voices of the studied children reveal, should be defined as child abuse and maltreatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Collusion as a Defense against Guilt: Further Notes on the West's Relationship with Israel and the Palestinians
Authors: Kemp Martin
Published: September 2015

Returning to the theme of an earlier paper (Kemp ), the author explores the anxiety‐ridden nature of debate about Israel‐Palestine in the West. Rather than guilt per se, it is suggested that it is collective defences against guilt that are threatened when the issue is raised in public. The West's dilemma has been to reconcile its commitment to universalist values with its support for Israel. Zionism's objective of a Jewish state in an already inhabited country has led inevitably to repression and racism. The outcome has been collusion in a cover‐up of the true nature of Israeli ideology and policy, akin to the collusion that takes place in a clinical relationship when a psychoanalyst fails to make a necessary interpretation to a patient in order to avoid discomfort or conflict. Among the many unfortunate consequences has been a failure to challenge the instrumentalization of the Holocaust, paradoxically now used to neutralize opposition to the subjugation of the Palestinians.
Teens with SUDs are hypersensitive to aversive stimuli; may lead to relapse
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2015

Researchers have found that when adolescents with substance use disorders (SUDs) have a negative visceral sensation — in this case, a limited ability to draw a deep breath — their brain response is more exaggerated than in healthy teens, who are better able to prepare for the negative sensation. This association means that SUDs could make teens hypersensitive to aversive stimuli, or that this hypersensitivity is innate and they are trying to medicate it with substances, or both.
Keep your eye on …
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2015

The increased use of e‐cigarettes by teens

The use of bumetanide in treating ASD symptoms
Experts: Treat co‐occurring SUDs and mental illness in teens concurrently
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: September 2015

All adolescents entering treatment for either a substance use disorder (SUD) or a mental disorder should be assessed for both, according to experts. There was a time when it was believed that an adolescent with an SUD and a co‐occurring mental illness needed to have the SUD treated first, and then the mental illness, said Larke Nahme Huang, Ph.D., director of the Office of Behavioral Health Equity at the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). “We're not saying you need to treat them in a parallel fashion, but in an integrated fashion,” Huang, a clinical psychologist, told CABL last week. “They interplay with each other, and it's hard to tease apart the dynamics.”
Alkaline Partial Wet Oxidation of Lignin for the Production of Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Demesa Abayneh G. , Laari Arto , Turunen Ilkka , Sillanpää Mika
Published: September 2015

The production of carboxylic acids by partial wet oxidation of alkali lignin was studied experimentally. The factors influencing the different types of products, their yields and concentrations were investigated. Formic, acetic, succinic, oxalic, and glutaconic acid were the main identified products. Both the temperature and oxygen partial pressure are shown to have direct effects on the product yields whereas the lignin concentration has an indirect effect. At low lignin concentrations, the yield of products was relatively high. However, at higher concentrations, the yield decreased. By measuring the lignin molecular weight distributions, it is shown that this decrease is linked to repolymerization/condensation reactions of lignin fragments which compete with oxidative lignin depolymerization.
In‐situ‐Entfernung von Eisen aus Glasschmelzen mittels elektrochemischer Verfahren
Authors: Finkenberger Johannes , Meinhardt Jürgen , Kron Johanna , Deinhardt Anika , Kilo Martin
Published: September 2015

Glas ist für künftige Schlüsseltechnologien wie Solar‐, Informations‐ und Kommunikationstechnologien unverzichtbar. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die Entfernung von Eisen aus Kalknatronglasschmelzen mittels elektrochemischer Verfahren untersucht. Durch eine Variation der Elektrodenmaterialien und der Elektrolysebedingungen (Temperatur, Spannung) war es möglich, Eisen aus der Glasschmelze direkt zu entfernen. Dabei zeigte sich allerdings, dass für eine effiziente Entfernung von erheblichen Mengen Eisens ein optimales Design der Schmelzanlage notwendig ist.
A Quantitative Central Limit Theorem for the Effective Conductance on the Discrete Torus
Authors: Gloria Antoine , Nolen James
Published: September 2015

We study a random conductance problem on a d‐dimensional discrete torus of size L > 0. The conductances are independent, identically distributed random variables uniformly bounded from above and below by positive constants. The effective conductance AL of the network is a random variable, depending on L, that converges almost surely to the homogenized conductance Ahom. Our main result is a quantitative central limit theorem for this quantity as L → ∞. In particular, we prove there exists some σ > 0 such that

urn:x-wiley:0010-3640:media:cpa21614:cpa21614-math-0001

where dK is the Kolmogorov distance and is a standard normal variable. The main achievement of this contribution is the precise asymptotic description of the variance of AL.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Core Perylene Diimide Designs via Direct Bay‐ and ortho‐(Poly)trifluoromethylation: Synthesis, Isolation, X‐ray Structures, Optical and Electronic Properties
Authors: Clikeman Tyler T. , Bukovsky Eric V. , Wang Xue‐Bin , Chen Yu‐Sheng , Rumbles Garry , Strauss Steven H. , Boltalina Olga V.
Published: September 2015

We developed an efficient solvent‐ and catalyst‐free direct polytrifluoromethylation of solid perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride that produced a new family of (poly)perfluoroalkyl bay‐ and ortho‐substituted PDIs with two different imide substituents. Direct hydrogen substitution with CN group led to the synthesis of a cyanated perfluoroalkyl PDI derivative for the first time. Absorption, steady‐state and time‐resolved emission, X‐ray diffraction, electrochemical, and gas‐phase electron affinity data allowed for systematic studies of substitution effects at bay, ortho, and imide positions in the new PDIs. Solid‐state packing showed remarkable variations in the intermolecular interactions that are important for charge transport and photophysical properties. Analysis of the electrochemical data for 143 electron poor PDIs, including newly reported compounds, revealed some general trends and peculiar effects from substituting electron‐withdrawing groups at all three positions.
The University of Nowhere v. the University of Somewhere
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: September 2015

Last June, reading through my LinkedIn profile page, I was intrigued by a post by Chip and Dan Heath that read: “After a presentation, 63 percent of attendees remember stories. Only 5 percent remember statistics.”
Transcriptional dysregulation of the deleted in colorectal carcinoma gene in multiple myeloma and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
Authors: Nagoshi Hisao , Taki Tomohiko , Chinen Yoshiaki , Tatekawa Shotaro , Tsukamoto Taku , Maegawa Saori , Yamamoto‐Sugitani Mio , Tsutsumi Yasuhiko , Kobayashi Tsutomu , Matsumoto Yosuke , Horiike Shigeo , Okuno Yutaka , Fujiwara Shiho , Hata Hiroyuki , Kuroda Junya , Taniwaki Masafumi
Published: September 2015

The deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) gene at 18q21 encodes a netrin‐1 receptor, a tumor suppressor that prevents cell growth. While allele loss or decreased expression of DCC has been associated with the progression of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies, including leukemias and malignant lymphomas, its involvement has not been evaluated in multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell malignancy characterized by complex and heterogenous molecular abnormalities. We here show that 10 of 11 human myeloma‐derived cell lines (HMCLs) expressed non‐translated aberrant DCC transcriptional variants, in which exon 2 fuses with intron 1 instead of exon 1 (mt.DCC). Among them, two co‐expressed wild type transcripts (wt.DCC), while eight co‐expressed the splicing variant (sv.DCC) lacking exon 1. The remaining HMCL expressed only sv.DCC. In addition, analyses revealed that there were two types of mt.DCC that differed in their fusion of intron 1 with exon 2. In patient‐derived samples from 30 MM and 8 monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) patients, wt.DCC was expressed in 53% of MM, but not in MGUS, while 23% of MM and 75% of MGUS expressed only sv.DCC. Considering that 25% of MGUS, 57% of MM, and 91% HMCLs expressed mt.DCC, our results suggest that the acquisition of mt.DCC might be a secondary genetic change in plasma cell dyscrasia. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.