bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hernias in the Emergency Department
Authors: Westergaard Mary C. , Berhanu Daniel , Barclay-Buchanan Ciara J.
Published: January 2021

Hernia is defined as an abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a pathologic defect in its surrounding wall. Overall, hernia is common and is generally believed to be a benign condition associated with some morbidity, although it is not thought to be associated with significant mortality. Between 2001 and 2010, 2.3 million inpatient abdominal hernia repairs were performed in the United States, of which 567,000 were performed emergently. In some cases, a hernia can be a deadly condition. In 2002, hernia was listed as the cause of death for 1,595 US citizens. This review covers the pathophysiology, stabilization and assessment, diagnosis and treatment, and disposition and outcomes of hernia. Figures show anatomic locations of the various abdominal wall, groin, lumbar, and pelvic floor hernias; a direct inguinal hernia; an indirect inguinal hernia; point-of-care sonograms showing a ventral wall hernia and an abdominal wall hernia; and the differential diagnosis of an abdominal mass based on anatomic location. Tables list risk factors for the development of inguinal hernia, sex-based differences in inguinal hernia development, risk factors for the development of incisional hernia, factors to consider when assessing the patient for a hernia, and factors associated with the highest rates of incarceration in patients with groin hernia. 
Key words: emergent hernia, hernia incarceration, incisional hernia, inguinal hernia, strangulated hernia
This review contains 6 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 66 references.
Acute Psychosis
Authors: Takayesu James Kimo , Bird Suzanne
Published: January 2021

Acute psychosis can be a true emergency, and the primary goal in the evaluation of an acutely psychotic patient should be to maintain safety and prevent harm to the patient and staff. The defining symptoms of psychosis include hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thought or speech, abnormal motor behavior, and negative symptoms. This review covers the approach to the patient, and definitive treatment, disposition and outcomes for patients experiencing acute psychosis. The figure shows an interview setting in a triangular arrangement, allowing for safe egress. Tables list goals in the evaluation of the acutely psychotic patient; causes of secondary psychosis; common medication classes causing mental status change; four key questions for assessing psychotic behavior; screening assessment for psychosis; clinical features of dementia, delirium, and psychiatric illness; brief mental status examination; common medications for the treatment of acute psychosis and chemical sedation; QT-prolonging effects of commonly used antipsychotic medications; and documentation required in the use of chemical and/or physical restraints.
This review contains 1 highly rendered figure, 10 tables, and 57 references.
Effect of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) on the rate of tooth movement:
Authors: Erdur Emire Aybuke , Karakaslı Kuter , Oncu Elif , Ozturk Bahadır , Hakkı Sema
Published: January 2021

Objectives

To evaluate the efficiency of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) in accelerating canine tooth movement and to examine levels of the matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in the gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic treatment.

Materials and Methods

Twenty patients (mean age = 21.4 ± 2.9 years) with Class II Division 1 malocclusion were included in a split-mouth study. The treatment plan for all patients was extraction of maxillary first premolars followed by canine distalization with closed-coil springs using 150 g of force on each side. The study group received i-PRF two times, with a 2-week interval, on one side of the maxilla. The contralateral side served as the control and did not receive i-PRF. Maxillary canine tooth movement was measured at five time points (T1–T5) on each side. Also, the activity of inflammatory cytokines was evaluated at three time points in the gingival crevicular fluid samples.

Results

There was a significant difference in canine tooth movement between the two groups (P < .001). i-PRF significantly increased the rate of tooth movement, and stimulation in the levels of inflammatory cytokines supported this result (P < .001). The levels of cytokines changed in both groups between T1 and T2. The IL-1β, MMP8, and RANKL values were significantly increased in the study group compared with the control group, while the OPG values were significantly decreased.

Conclusions

i-PRF-facilitated orthodontics is an effective and safe treatment modality to accelerate tooth movement, and this method can help shorten orthodontic treatment duration.
Lifestyle Intervention in Pregnant Women With Obesity Impacts Cord Blood DNA Methylation, Which Associates With Body Composition in the Offspring
Authors: Jönsson Josefine , Renault Kristina M. , García-Calzón Sonia , Perfilyev Alexander , Estampador Angela C. , Nørgaard Kirsten , Lind Mads Vendelbo , Vaag Allan , Hjort Line , Michaelsen Kim F. , Carlsen Emma Malchau , Franks Paul W. , Ling Charlotte
Published: January 2021

Maternal obesity may lead to epigenetic alterations in the offspring and might thereby contribute to disease later in life. We investigated whether a lifestyle intervention in pregnant women with obesity is associated with epigenetic variation in cord blood and body composition in the offspring. Genome-wide DNA methylation was analyzed in cord blood from 208 offspring from the Treatment of Obese Pregnant women (TOP)-study, which includes pregnant women with obesity randomized to lifestyle interventions comprised of physical activity with or without dietary advice versus control subjects (standard of care). DNA methylation was altered at 379 sites, annotated to 370 genes, in cord blood from offspring of mothers following a lifestyle intervention versus control subjects (false discovery rate [FDR] <5%) when using the Houseman reference-free method to correct for cell composition, and three of these sites were significant based on Bonferroni correction. These 370 genes are overrepresented in gene ontology terms, including response to fatty acids and adipose tissue development. Offspring of mothers included in a lifestyle intervention were born with more lean mass compared with control subjects. Methylation at 17 sites, annotated to, for example, DISC1, GBX2, HERC2, and HUWE1, partially mediates the effect of the lifestyle intervention on lean mass in the offspring (FDR <5%). Moreover, 22 methylation sites were associated with offspring BMI z scores during the first 3 years of life (P < 0.05). Overall, lifestyle interventions in pregnant women with obesity are associated with epigenetic changes in offspring, potentially influencing the offspring’s lean mass and early growth.
Lifestyle Intervention in Pregnant Women With Obesity Impacts Cord Blood DNA Methylation Which Associates With Body Composition in the Offspring
Authors: Jönsson Josefine , Renault Kristina M. , García-Calzón Sonia , Perfilyev Alexander , Estampador Angela C. , Nørgaard Kirsten , Lind Mads Vendelbo , Vaag Allan , Hjort Line , Michaelsen Kim F. , Carlsen Emma Malchau , Franks Paul W. , Ling Charlotte
Published: January 2021

Maternal obesity may lead to epigenetic alterations in the offspring and
might thereby contribute to disease later in life. We investigated whether a
lifestyle intervention in pregnant women with obesity is associated with
epigenetic variation in cord blood and body composition in the offspring. Genome-wide DNA methylation was analyzed in cord blood from 208
offspring from the TOP-study, which includes pregnant women with obesity
randomized to lifestyle interventions comprised of physical activity with or
without dietary advice versus controls (standard of care). DNA methylation was
altered at 379 sites, annotated to 370 genes, in cord blood from offspring of
mothers following a lifestyle intervention versus controls (FDR<5%) when using the Houseman reference-free method
to correct for cell composition and three of these sites were significant based
on Bonferroni correction. These 370
genes are overrepresented in gene ontology terms including response to fatty acids
and adipose tissue development. Offspring of mothers included in a lifestyle
intervention were born with more lean mass compared to controls. Methylation at
17 sites, annotated to e.g. DISC1, GBX2, HERC2 and HUWE1,
partially mediates the effect of the lifestyle intervention on lean mass in the
offspring (FDR<5%). Moreover, 22 methylation sites were associated with
offspring BMI z-scores during the first 3 years of life (p<0.05). Overall, lifestyle
interventions in pregnant women with obesity are associated with epigenetic
changes in offspring, potentially influencing the offspring’s lean mass and
early growth.
BACHELORS' TRAINING FOR HEALTH-SAVING ACTIVITIES AT PRIMARY SCHOOL
Authors: KOZUB MARINA V. , OVCHINNIKOVA ALEKSANDRA Z.
Published: January 2021

This article explores the main concepts and components of preparing bachelors for health-saving activities at primary school. The authors describe principles and the content of the elective courses (“Human health”, “Healthy lifestyle”) and activities at primary school. There is a description of the diagnostics programme that includes motivational, cognitive and practical criteria; authorial methodologies and levels (high, intermediate and low). The efficiency of the authors' elective courses is proved
Relations between motor skills and language skills in toddlers and preschool-aged children
Authors: Reikerås Elin , Moser Thomas , Tønnessen Finn Egil
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this longitudinal study is to (1) examine the relations between language and motorlife skills in toddlers and preschool-aged children (n = 646) in real-life situations; and (2) to explore how the level of motor-life skills in toddlers (2 years and 9 months, T1) is related to language skills at preschool age (4 years and 9 months, T2). Data were collected through structured observation during play and daily life activities (authentic assessment) by staff in Norwegian Early Childhood Education and Care institutions. The correlations between motor-life skills and language skills at T1 were significant but small (r = .12 to .29) and were somewhat stronger at T2 (r = .18 to .46). The correlation between motor-life skills at T1 and language skills at T2 (total score) was small (rho = .25) but significant. However, the subgroups with weak and strong motor-life skills at T1 differed significantly in language skills at T2 (effect size: .40). These findings support and complement previous research, which indicates significant relations between the level of motor-life skills in toddler age and language skills in preschool age.
CONTRIBUIÇÕES DO ENSINO RELIGIOSO PARA A FORMAÇÃO DO ADOLESCENTE
Authors: Scalzer Fernando Lúcio , De Oliveira Frederico Pecorelli , Pereira Jubrael Daisy Patrícia , Dos Santos de Almeida Vendramine Maria de Fátima , Da Silva Veruska Sidronil , Ferreira da silva José Carlos
Published: January 2021

Resumo:  A adolescência é uma fase na vida do indivíduo marcada por diversas mudanças em todos os níveis, onde os questionamentos são frequentes acerca dos valores referenciais que lhes são transmitidos (morais, éticos, religiosos etc). O indivíduo inicia a formação dos alicerces onde se sustentarão os conceitos e valores que formarão a identidade da sua personalidade. Valores e conceitos esses que geralmente são transmitidos pela família. Surge daí a necessidade de um alicerce com uma base forte que possa dar frutos saudáveis para a formação desse adolescente que necessita de referências. Nota-se assim, a importância epistemológica e metodológica acerca do Ensino Religioso que pode ajudar na formação dessa base sólida contribuindo como um referencial de valores para a formação da identidade pessoal desse adolescente que vive e se socializa em uma cultura desenvolvida e legitimada em alicerces fortemente religiosos, mesmo tendo em vista a separação entre os assuntos seculares e religiosos. Assim, o presente artigo procura evidenciar como o ER pode auxiliar na formação dessa base sólida onde se formara a identidade do adolescente.
PENTECOSTALISMO BRASILEIRO: CONFLITOS E ACORDOS ENTRE O DOGMATISMO DOUTRINÁRIO E O ECLETISMO DA EXPERIÊNCIA MÍSTICA
Authors: Andrade Rízia Eduarda
Published: January 2021

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar o hibridismo religioso presente manifestações do pentecostalismo brasileiro, procurando observar neste campo religioso os conflitos, tensões e acordos costurados entre doutrinas fechadas no campo doutrinário da instituição religiosa, com práticas religiosas de contornos muito mais determinados pelo contexto local dos fiéis do que propriamente de elites dogmáticas. Para a elaboração do tema em questão foram utilizadas ferramentas analíticas da prática metodológica de Bourdieu, onde se procura destacar o caráter pragmático interno e externo que adquirirem os símbolos religiosos principalmente quando se consideram as disputas e acomodações ocorridas no interior dos campos de produção onde estes símbolos são operacionalizados e adquirem seu poder singular para regular e direcionar afetos e comportamentos.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF POLAR AND NON POLAR FRACTIONS OF AGERATUM CONYZOIDES L. TO CONTROL PEANUT RUST DISEASE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENINGS OF SECONDARY METABOLITES
Authors: Yusnawan Eriyanto
Published: January 2021

The effectiveness of polar and non-polar fractions of Ageratum conyzoides L. to control peanut rust disease and phytochemical screenings of secondary metabolites.  Peanut rust disease caused by Puccinia arachidis is one of the important diseases which causes yield loss more than 50%. An alternative control which is more environmentally friendly can be conducted by applying botanical fungicides extracted from weeds. This study aimed to obtain effective concentrations of polar and non-polar fractions of roots, leaves, and flowers of Ageratum conyzoides as well as to investigate secondary metabolites in each extract. A spore germination test was conducted to determine the effectiveness of each extract. An application of 5% polar fraction of the leaves resulted 98±2% ungerminate spores which was not different with the application of 5% polar fraction of the roots which resulted 95±2% ungerminate spores. The use of a polar solvent extracted more diverse secondary metabolites compared with that of a non-polar solvent. Phytochemical screening tests on the three extracts showed that the leaf polar fraction contained more diverse secondary metabolites as compared with the others. The polar fraction of the leaves contained alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. A further test to confirm the existence as well as to separate these compounds with thin layer chromatography showed that alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids separated into 7, 9, 6, and 8 spots, respectively. These secondary metabolites may be responsible to inhibit the spore germination of P. arachidis.
SELEKSI GALUR DARI POPULASI F4 KEDELAI YANG TAHAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT MOSAIK (Soybean mosaic virus) DAN BERDAYA HASIL TINGGI
Authors: Andayanie Wuye Ria , Adinurani Praptiningsih Gamawati
Published: January 2021

Soybean lines selection of F4 population resistant  to soybean mosaic disease (Soybean mosaic virus) with high yield.  The soybean breeding program is usually not purposedly done for resistance to Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) but rather for crop yields. The experiment was aimed to obtain soybean lines of F4 population resistant to soybean mosaic disease with high yield.  F2-F4 plants that have been inoculated with the T isolate of SMV one week after planting were selected by the pedigree  in the screen house. The result indicated eight  F4 populations (Wilis x L. Temanggung; Wilis x L. Jombang; Wilis x Pangrango; Wilis x PI 200485;  Gepak Kuning x L. Jombang; Gepak Kuning x L. Temanggung; Gepak Kuning x Malabar; Gepak Kuning x PI 200485) produced medium seed size (from 9.84-10.26 g 100/seeds).  Gepak Kuning x Mlg 3288  showed more resistant than Gepak Kuning x PI 200485. The seed produced by Gepak Kuning x PI 200485 was 1.97 ton/ha. There were no F4 populations that had higher yield and bigger seed size than Gepak Kuning x PI 200485 even though they were  moderately resistant to SMV. Therefore, these lines of Gepak Kuning x Mlg 3288 and Gepak  Kuning x  PI 200485 might provide exellent sources to develop a new variety that resistant to SMV and of high yield.
Analisis Batubara Jenis Antrasit di PTBA Berdasarkan Kandungan Volatile Matter dan Kalori
Authors:   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Purba Yohanes W.M , Karo Pulung Karo ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Ginting Ediman ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141
Published: January 2021

This research Coal is one of the sedimentary fossil fuels that can ignite, is formed from organic sediment, and the remains of plants are then formed through the process of coalification. The main element consists of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The formation of coal has certain conditions and only occurs in certain eras throughout geological history. The carbon age was approximately 340 million years ago. In the Permian Age or the Paleozoic era, 270 million also formed the most productive coal which is almost the entire coal deposit (black coal) in other parts of the earth. In this study we conducted at the Laboratory of PT. Bukit Asam tbk. Observation Results in the Study of Average Volatile Matter 19.11, Max Volatile Matter value 38.34, Min Vollatie Matter value 11.34. And the Average Calorie Result of 7578.5 Kacl / Kg, Max Calorie Value of 8046 Kcal / Kg. In this study, it was proved that coal samples were Anthracite types.
MANAJEMEN PENINGKATAN KINERJA GURU BERBASIS MBS
Authors: Sianturi Risbon
Published: January 2021

Kinerja seorang guru pada dasarnya dapat meningkat dan menurun serta sangat bergantung pada proses manajemen peningkatan kinerja itu sendiri. Berkenaan dengan fungsi pengendalian kinerja guru yang menjadi tanggung jawab kepala sekolah dan pengawas ini, pada faktanya masih banyak ditemukan distorsi. Fenomena tersebut sering ditemukan dalam proses pembinaan kinerja guru, khususnya di SMPN 1 Lembang, SMPN 1 Padalarang, dan SMPN 1 Cililin. Oleh karenanya, dipandang perlu adanya suatu pengkajian yang lebih mendalam berkaitan dengan manajemen peningkatan kompetensi profesional dan kinerjanya guru di ketiga SMP negeri tersebut. Paradigma penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengkaji hal ini adalah dengan menerapkan metode naturalistic inquiry serta pendekatan model Deming (PDCA), dengan subjek penelitiannya ditentukan secara purposive. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam program peningakatan kinerja guru di ketiga sekolah tersebut pada umumnya dilakukan melalui kegiatan-kegiatan pembinaan di luar sekolah,  sementra di lingkungan sekolah lebih sering dilakukan dalam bentuk supervisi dan kegiatan sharing dalam MGMP. Dalam perencanaannya pun tidak dilakukan perumusan prosedur dan kriteria assessment dari kegiatan-kegiatan tersebut. Pengorganisasiannya diselaraskan dengan visi dan tujuan sekolah serta ditunjang oleh upaya memfasilitasi mentor. Namun, pada proses pelaksanaan dan pengawasannya, kegiatan-kegiatan peningkatan kinerja guru ini tidak dikembangkan dalam program tersendiri sebagai suatu program peningkatan kinerja guru, sehingga setiap kegiatannya terkesan insidental dan tidak berkesinambungan dari tahun ke tahun. Oleh karenanya dalam penyelenggaraan manajemen peningkatan kinerja guru di ketiga SMP Negeri tersebut perlu dikelola secermat mungkin dengan mengoptimalkan seluruh fungsi manajemen, dan senantiasa selalu mengkaji dan mempertimbangkan berbagai tuntutan kebutuhan profesional guru.
Particle Velocity Fluctuations in Viscous Gas with Random Velocity as the Sum of Two Correlated Color Noises
Authors: Derevich I. V. , Klochkov A. K.
Published: January 2021

The article focuses on methods for studying the phenomenon of two-phase turbulent flows. The turbulence effect on the movement of solid particles in a viscous gas is under study. Dynamics of particles movement in a gas is written in the Stokes approximation, which allows us to suppose the dynamic relaxation time to be a constant value.

The random gas velocity is modeled by the sum of two correlated random noises. It is shown that this approach makes it possible to model noise of any structural complexity. The paper describes two research methods based on fundamentally different Euler and Lagrange approaches to the description of a continuous medium. The first approach uses a well-known generalization of the spectral analysis technique for random processes, a popular method for studying turbulence. The second approach implementation is based on the modern generalizations of the theory of numerical algorithms for solving stochastic ordinary differential equations. The spectral method is used to obtain analytical expressions of correlation functions and variance of random processes describing the velocity of gas and solid particles. The qualitative difference between the correlation of fluctuations of modulated random velocities and the behavior of correlations in the case of a single-component gas velocity composition is analyzed. A method of direct numerical simulation for studied processes based on the numerical solution of a stochastic ordinary differential equations system is proposed and analyzed in detail. An array of statistical data obtained as a result of direct numerical modeling is collected and processed. Analytical results are compared qualitatively with numerical results. The influence of input parameters on the character of turbulent flow is studied. The dynamic relaxation time has a significant effect on the complexity of the autocorrelation function of the particle velocity and the response function of particles to gas velocity fluctuations. It is shown that the obtained functions tend to the known results of the standard theory. The considered methods for describing two-phase turbulent flows hold promise for further research.
State Observer for the Pacemaker Model Based on the Van der Pol Equation
Authors: Vinogradova M. , Kanatnikov A. , Tkacheva O.
Published: January 2021

A Dutch physiologist and a founder of electrocardiography V. Einthoven [10] proposed the first known model of the cardiac electrical activity.  Later, van der Pol and van der Mark [11] developed a model of the heart, where the heartbeat is considered as a relaxation oscillation. From this point of view, to model the operation of pacemakers, the van der Pol equation [14,15,19] can be useful. The paper offers modeling of only one heart node that is the S-A (sinoatrial) node, which is the main heart pacemaker [20].

Many control algorithms for dynamic systems are based on feedback, which involves the full state vector of a dynamic system. However, in practice, the full state vector is not always known. So, in the case of cardiac electrical activity, the potentials of the nodes rather than their changing rates are measured. To restore the full state vector from existing measurements, state observers are often used.

In this paper, we solve the task of constructing an observer with linear error dynamics [22.25]. A necessary condition for the existence of such an observer is the system observability. The sufficient conditions can be formulated in the framework of the differential-geometric approach [25] using the ideas of duplicity [25,26]. Within this approach, an algorithm for observer construction can be developed. In the paper, a general problem to construct an observer for two-dimensional systems is solved and the results obtained are applied to the pacemaker model based on the Van der Pol oscillator. The numerical simulation enables us to illustrate operation of the observer developed.
Antibacterial Activity And Phytochemical Screening From Chromatography Fraction Of Ethanol Extract Of Sarang Banua (Clerodendrum fragrans Vent Willd) Against Salmonella enterica
Authors: Simorangkir Murniaty , Maha Ade Pratiwi
Published: January 2021

Ethanol extract of  sarang banua leaves (Clerodendrum fragrans) has biological activity. This study aims to isolate the fraction of ethanol extracts of Sarang Banua leaves (Clerodendrum fragrans) and test their antibacterial activity against Salmonella enterica. The isolation method uses the vacuum liquid chromatography method, with eluent n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol with increasing polarity levels. Antibacterial activity was carried out by the inhibitory test, the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC  (minimum bactericidal concentration). The results showed that the FC fraction chromatographic results of the vacuum column of ethanol extract of Sarang Banua leaf (Clerodendrum fragrans) had antibacterial activity against Salmonella enteric  with a strong inhibitory power (inhibitory zone 18.25 mm), MIC value  of 125 µg / mL and MBC value  of  125 µg / mL are included in the medium category. Inhibition, MIC and MBC values of chloramphenicol (positive control) against S. enterica were 17.40 mm; 31.2 μg / mL and 62.5 μg / mL. In the FC fraction there are higher amounts of secondary metabolites  flavonoids,  tannins, as well as small amounts of alkaloids, saponin, steroids & triterprnoids.
Study of Phytochemicals, Toxicity, Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Leaf Extract Extract (Paperomiapellucida L)
Authors: Riris Ida Duma , Juwitaningsih Tita , Roza Destria , Damanik Marini , Silalahi Albinus
Published: January 2021

Suruhan Leaf (Paperomiapellucida L) is a weedy plant that is used by rural communities as herbal medicine. In this study, phytochemical tests have identified compounds contained in the ethyl acetate extract, then the toxicity test was carried out by the Brint Shrimp LethallytyTocycity (BSLT) method using Artemia Salina Leach shrimp larvae, an antibacterial activity test for bacteria: Bacillus cereus (ATCC) 11778), S. aureus (ATCC 25923), E. coli (ATCC 25922), S. saprophytic (ATCC 49907), Catsobacterfrendi (ATCC 18090), P.acne (ATCC 27853), Epidermis (ATCC 12228) with diffusion methods, various of concentration 1; 5; 10; 25% as control used chloramphenicol 30 mcg, the highest inhibitory zone at a concentration of 25% showed a strong antibacterial succession of 20.7; 11.1; 29.7; 15; 13.5; 10; 17.3 mm. The results of the identification of compounds in ethyl acetate extract are alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, saponins, and tannins. The toxicity of LC50 is 71.28 ppm (toxic).
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK (SCIENTIFIC APPROACH) DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI SMA
Authors: Aisyiyah As Tsaniyah Putri , Amrizal A
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pembelajaran biologi berbasis pendekatan saintifik (scientific approach),  aktivitas siswa dalam penerapan pendekatan saintifik (scientific approach), dan stategi yang digunakan untuk mengatasi kendala pada penerapan pendekatan saintifik (scientific approach) dalam pembelajaran biologi di SMA Negeri 1 Binjai Kabupaten Langkat T.P.2019/2020. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif. Sampel yang diambil berjumlah 2 orang guru biologi dan 103 orang siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi, angket siswa, dan pedoman wawancara. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan pandekatan saintifik mendapat skor 77,60% dengan interpretasi cukup. Tahapan belajar saintifik yang dominan yaitu menanya, dan tahapan belajar saintifik yang merupakan masalah dalam pembelajaran yaitu mengasosiasi, dan mengomunikasikan.
Key aspects of organizing the information system operator using the distributed ledger technology
Authors:   National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Gagarina L.G. , Egorychev E.V. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Sidorov V.A. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET)
Published: January 2021

Authors research the current problem of innovative development — digitalization of financial assets. They review the key aspects of organizing the information system operator using the distributed ledger technology. The main imperative requirements of the legislation for operators of the information system are highlighted. The main alternatives of IT-infrastructure creation are considered. Also the matters of operational risks management and organizational and economic efficiency of activities are revealed.
Network model for researching the impact of the increasing of division of labor on innovations and economic growth
Authors:   National Research University of Electronic Technology, Moscow, Russia, Timofeev I.P.
Published: January 2021

The author offers a network model of the economic system designed to research the impact of increasing technological division of labor on the opportunities for economic development and growth. The article describes the main elements of the model and their economic interpretation, as well as the basic rules for its construction. An economic network consists of sets of producers, consumers and goods flows between them. The author shows how the model represents the appearance of various types of innovations. The author has outlined main directions of further development and researching the model.
The Role of Education in Socio-cultural Development of the Yakut Region in the Second Half of XIX – Early XX Centuries
Authors:   North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, Makarova Agrafena Innokentyevna ,   Siberian branch  of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2021

Summary: Based on archival documents and previously published materials, an attempt is made to show the role of the pre-revolutionary education system in the socio-cultural development of the Yakut region. Siberia was a place of exile for a long time and the state was in no hurry to develop education here. But the liberal reforms of 1860–1870 created the prerequisites for the development of the education system. The paper shows the formation and development of educational institutions in the region, provides information on the number of schools and the number of students. The role of political exiles in raising the general cultural level of the local population is also revealed. The author comes to the conclusion that in the Yakut region, thanks to the state educational policy on education of foreign suburbs and public initiative, primary and then secondary educational institutions begin to open, which have had a significant impact on the socio-cultural life of the region.
The Formation of Cultural Identity of Russia and the West in the Context of Transformation of Forms of Ancient Christian Synthesis
Authors:   Dostoevsky Omsk State University, Monina Natalya Petrovna
Published: January 2021

The focus of this paper is on two variants of transformation of forms of ancient Christian synthesis – Western, European and Eastern, represented by the Russian Orthodox civilization. Christianity is the “core” of both European and Russian cultures, which is why this issue is so important and relevant. The author considers the concept of A.F. Losev in which two modifications of Platonism – varlaamism and palamism – are identified as key forms of ancient Christian synthesis, and examines the influence of the concepts of Barlaam of Calabria and Gregory Palamas on the formation of the identity of European and Russian cultures. Also, in the context of this topic, the study by A.G. Glinchikova, who singles out the theories of Augustine Aurelius and Dionysius the Areopagite as the dominant forms of the ancient Christian synthesis, is analyzed. On the whole, the work reflects the key reference points of the above theories that influence the formation of the cultural identity of Russia and the West.
The Socio-Philosophical Aspect of the Issue of Personal Autonomy
Authors:   Rostov State Transport University, Popova Alla Vasilyevna
Published: January 2021

The paper provides a socio-philosophical analysis of the concept of personal autonomy, reveals its essential characteristics and the relationship with the value-semantic sphere. A conceptual scheme of the socio-ethical transformation of the public consciousness of the people of the Russian Federation has been developed as a necessary and sufficient prerequisite for the formation of a socio-cultural space favorable for the socialization of the younger generations and the development of a self-determined, autonomous personality of growing people. The inextricable connection between the direction of socio-political dynamics and the spiritual and moral status of the public consciousness of the Russian people during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries has been determined. The organic relationship between the spiritual and moral state of the public consciousness of the human community of the Russian Federation and the autonomy of the individual is shown. The necessity of creation and widespread use of the official state ideology is substantiated and, thus, the problem-thematic focus of the activity of the socio-humanitarian branch of scientific knowledge is determined. A comparative analysis of the theoretical positions of Russian philosophers of the second half of the 20th century V.S. Bibler and G.S. Batishchev regarding the formation and use of the mental properties of an autonomous individual during periods of radical socio-political transformations is implemented.
Economics of Sustainable Development (Problems and Prospects of Formation)
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University, Khagurov Aitech Аyubovich , Bondarenko Marina Viktorovna ,   Ust-Labinsk District Municipal Unit
Published: January 2021

The present study examines the coming crisis of economic science, which does not correspond to the changes taking place in the world economy. Economic concepts based on gross domestic prod-uct calculation cannot adequately reflect the ever-increasing impact of environmental and social fac-tors on the life of society. Scientific centers in West-ern countries are intensively working on creation of indices that take into account the changes in the environment and their economic consequences, as well as their impact on the quality of life of the population. These studies show how urgent is the need for the transition of economic science from the concept of GDP to the socio-economic one. Sus-tainable development indices developed by leading research centers reveal the contours of a new, green economic science. The authors think it expedient to apply new tools with regard to contemporary Rus-sian realia.
“Paradiplomacy” and International Environmental Policy
Authors:   Northern-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, Novopriyezzhy Alexander Olegovich , Parfyonova Olga Afanasyevna ,   Northern-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the phenomenon of “paradi-plomacy” and its implementation in international environmental policy. The genesis of the studied concept is traced in the process of the academic discussion of three approaches: Soldatos/Duchacek, Der Derian, Hoking. The practical implementation of this phenomenon in the framework of the work of paradiplomatic organizations in the field of envi-ronmental policy is considered. A comparative anal-ysis of the history of development and practical ac-tivities of two international organizations: Regions4 and Northern Forum is carried out. In general, given the objective differences and unique features, one can note common challenges for such structures in the form of a lack of political opportunities and lack of financial independence. Overcoming these limita-tions seems realistic only through their evolutionary integration into the global complex system of envi-ronmental policy: cooperation of paradiplomatic organizations with the system of international insti-tutions (UN and its structures, EU, EAEU, etc.); greater subordination within the global hierarchical structure; strengthening bottom-up mechanisms so that regional representatives have the opportunity to speak out and be heard on issues of importance to them.
Conceptual Aspects of Research and Forecasting the Implementation of the National Security Strategy of Russia
Authors:   Kazan Law Institute of the Ministry  of Internal Affairs of Russia, Andreyev Maksim Valentinovich , Temirbulatov Ruslan Renatovich ,   Kazan State Institute for the Culture of Peace
Published: January 2021

The present study provides the results of a theoreti-cal and methodological analysis of the problem of ensuring national security in the Russian Federa-tion. There is evaluated the strategic forecasting and planning management measures aimed at ensuring the state’s national security. The object of this study is the problem of ensuring Russia’s national securi-ty. The subject of the study is the regulatory legal system for ensuring the national security of the country: Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 683 “On the National Security Strate-gy of the Russian Federation” dated December 15, 2015; Federal Law No. 390-FZ “On Security” dated December 28, 2010; Federal Law No. 172-FZ “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation” dated June 28, 2014; as well as a set of other statutory documents regulating activities to ensure the na-tional security of the Russian Federation. It is con-cluded that at present there is understudied the sci-entific analysis of the problem regarding the devel-opment of a nationwide complex system within the framework of ensuring the national security of the country. Scientific research on the designated topic has shown that the forms and methods of ensuring national security, taking into account modern chal-lenges and threats, are an integral part of the system of critical technologies, which should ensure the implementation of the most important priority areas for the state, including ensuring economic, scientific and technical security.
Conceptual Foundations for the Study of Social Capital of Socially Oriented Non-profit Organizations
Authors: Urban Olga Andreevna , Bezrukova Oksana Vladimirovna
Published: January 2021

The activities of socially oriented non-profit organi-zations (further – SONPO) at the state level is con-sidered as an important area of development of the social sphere. The substantiation of the conceptual foundations of the study and measurement of the social capital of socially oriented non-profit organi-zations in the regional aspect is relevant. The paper analyzes the theoretical approaches to disclosing the content of the concept of “social capital”, its structure, and influence on the results of activities of economic entities, which have developed in the scientific literature. The analysis of publications was carried out from the standpoint of a systemic, inte-grated approach based on the principle of polytheo-retical, that is, referring to conceptual ideas and conclusions of scientists from different fields of knowledge and bringing them together. Descriptive, diachronic, axiomatic methods of analysis of scien-tific publications were used. Based on a critical un-derstanding of the publications of foreign and do-mestic scientists, the following conclusion has been made that there are methodological limitations in the study of the social capital of SONPO at the re-gional level. A territorial approach to its study is proposed, within which the conceptual model takes into account the regional specificity of social capital and develops tools and methods for its measure-ment.
Problems and Prospects of the Implementation of «Garbage» Reform in Russian Regions
Authors: Poroshin Oleg Sergeyevich , Khramtsov Alexander Borisovich
Published: January 2021

This paper dwells upon the garbage reform, the problems of its implementation in the regions of Russia. The relevance and practical significance are connected with increasing environmental require-ments for the life of modern man and the need to analyze the implementation of the reform in the country. As a result of the reform, the authority for handling solid municipal waste (SMW) was trans-ferred to the regional level through the creation of regional operators; garbage collection and sorting are defined as a separate utility service; the scheme of waste management and the payment scheme for their removal and sorting have been changed. The assessment of the current situation in the regions made it possible to formulate key problems that are all-Russian in nature: the lack of containers for gar-bage sorting, collisions in regulations, the non-compliance of landfills with modern requirements, unauthorized landfills, the reluctance of people to sort garbage and others. A number of recommenda-tions were proposed, in particular, training the population in separate garbage collection, including on-line Internet resources.
COMPREHENSIVE MONITORING OF THE FUNCTIONAL CAPABILITIES OF STUDENTS OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Samokish Ivan , Bosenko Anatolii , Topchii Mariia
Published: January 2021

A considerable amount of research is devoted to theoretical and practical study of the functional capabilities of students. An overwhelming number of scientists and practitioners assess the level of functionality with the help of various control exercises for physical fitness. It has been established that tests for physical fitness have certain disadvantages, especially organizational and methodological ones. Some researchers use various functional trials and functional tests, in rare cases – maximum loads at the level of functional reserves, which give the most accurate information, but they need to be used with some caution. It has been established that the existing regulatory and legal framework governing the organization of physical education in higher education institutions practically does not regulate the monitoring of the functional capabilities of students. The technological aspect of the assessment of functional capabilities is not disclosed, and monitoring methods for students with different levels of physical condition and regulatory requirements for functional capabilities are not sufficiently developed and do not meet modern requirements. In the literature available to us there are practically no comprehensive studies in higher education institutions of the functional capabilities of students, taking into account the results of physical fitness and functional tests in the educational process of physical education. In our opinion, the use of integrated monitoring of students' functional capabilities with the help of functional testing with a change in the power of physical activity over a closed cycle and a specially developed battery of tests for physical fitness makes it possible to obtain more accurate and diverse information about the level of functionality of students, as well as optimize the teaching and educational process of physical education in higher education institutions.
PERILAKU PENCARIAN INFORMASI WISATAWAN TERHADAP PEMENUHAN KEBUTUHAN INFORMASI DESTINASI WISATA PANGANDARAN
Authors: Putri Agustina Eka
Published: January 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah dan perilaku wisatawan dalam proses pencarian infomasi sebuah destinasi melalui media Instagram mempengaruhi niatnya untuk berkunjung ke destinasi tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif survey. Model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah infomation search process untuk menggambarkan perilaku dalam proses pencarian informasi sebagai rangkaian dari pikiran, perasaan dan tindakan. Data diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner kepada 200 orang kelompok usia produktif di Kota Bandung yang menggunakan instagram sebagai sarana untuk mencari informasi untuk berwisata. Hasil penelitan menunjukan bahwa cara promosi melalui media sosial (instagram) terbukti lebih efektif menjadi salah satu faktor pendorong minat yang semakin meyakinkan seseorang untuk berkunjung ke Pangandaran disamping promosi yang mereka terima dari media lain atau melalui mulut ke mulut.
TANTANGAN MILENIAL DI DESA WISATA
Authors: Sahabudin Arfah
Published: January 2021

Kaum milenial mendominasi wisatawan di era pariwisata 4.0. Alam dan budaya jika dikemas akan menjadi produk wisata dengan daya pikat menarik bagi wisatawan khususnya wisatawan milenial. Salah satu produk yang dimiliki Indonesia adalah desa wisata atau kampung wisata, dengan atraksi wisata berupa alam dan budaya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengungkap potensi digitalisasi desa wisata / kampung wisata untuk dikembangkan menjadi salah satu konsep layanan smart tourism yang mampu menarik wisatawan milenal lebih banyak. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data primernya dilakukan dengan teknik observasi dan wawancara mendalam. Data sekunder dengan studi kepustakaan. Analisis datanya menggunakan model interaktif, melalui tiga kegiatan yang dilakukan bersamaan, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan teknologi, konsep smart tourism atau digitalisasi desa / kampung wisata merupakan langkah kongkrit yang dapat dilakukan oleh desa wisata / kampung wisata untuk memperbesar peluang kunjungan wisatawan utamanya wisatawan milenial. Kata Kunci : smarttourism, desa wisata, digitalisasi, milenial, era pariwisata 4.0
DOĞA EĞİTİM GEZİSİ VE BİLİM MERKEZİ GEZİSİNDE DÖRDÜNCÜ SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN FENE YÖNELİK TUTUMLARININ İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YAVUZ TOPALOĞLU Melike , BALÇIN M. Doğukan
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada okul dışı öğrenme ortamlarının, ilkokul
dördüncü sınıf öğrencilerinin fene yönelik tutumlarına etkisinin araştırılması
amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada, iç içe karma desen kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu
2017-2018 eğitim-öğretim yılı içerisinde Kocaeli ili Gölcük ilçesindeki bir
ilkokulda öğrenim gören 17 dördüncü sınıf öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma
kapsamında doğa eğitim gezisi ve Bilim Merkezine gezi yapılmıştır. “Fen ve
Teknoloji Dersine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” ve “Açık Uçlu Soru Formu” veri toplama
aracı olarak kullanılmıştır. Nicel veri analizi için parametrik olmayan
testlerden; nitel verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizinden
faydalanılmıştır. Araştırmada, okul dışı öğrenme ortamlarının, öğrencilerin
fene yönelik tutumları üzerinde etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca okul dışı
öğrenme ortamlarının öğrencilerin fen dersine çalışma ve konuşma konusunda zevk
alma ve fen dersini öğrenmek için geçirilen zamanı ve kazandırdıklarını ifade
eden çalışmayı devam ettirme düzeyleri üzerinde etkisi olduğu tespit
edilmiştir. Geziler öncesinde ve sonrasında öğrencilerin çoğunluğu eğlenerek
öğrenme, somutlaştırma, inceleme, fazla örnek sunma ve fen içeriğinden yer alan
konulardan kaynaklı olarak fen derslerinin okul dışı öğrenme ortamlarında
işlenmesi gerektiğini belirtmiştir.
Reconstructing Burnt Anglo-Saxon Fragments in the Cotton Collection at the British Library
Authors: Dunning Andrew , Hudson Alison , Duffy Christina
Published: January 2021

The British Library conducted a Fragmentarium case study in 2017 to explore the possibilities for improving access to burnt fragments of Anglo-Saxon manuscripts from the Cotton Collection. Multispectral imaging and analysis undertaken by Dr Christina Duffy at the British Library Conservation Centre has revealed more details from the surviving fragments than are otherwise visible. The complexity of multispectral imaging presents challenges for online display and long-term storage that need to be addressed in future manuscript digitisation initiatives.
Fragments and Fragmentology
Authors: Duba William , Flüeler Christoph
Published: January 2021

The name ‘Fragmentology’ implies a field of study, with a subject matter and a methodology of its own. This journal, Fragmentology, aims to serve that field, and, through its publications, document how fragment studies fit in the humanities.
Åslaug Ommundsen and Tuomas Heikkilä, ed., Nordic Latin Manuscript Fragments: The Destruction and Reconstruction of Medieval Books
Authors: Flüeler Christoph
Published: January 2021

Review of Åslaug Ommundsen and Tuomas Heikkilä, ed., Nordic Latin Manuscript Fragments: The Destruction and Reconstruction of Medieval Books, Abingdon: Routledge 2017, 304 pp. ISBN 978147247858.