bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trend Analysis of Lakes and Sinkholes in Konya Closed Basin, Turkey
Authors: DEMIR Vahdettin
Published: February 2021

Determining changes in the water level of lakes is essential in terms of flood control, water resource management, economic development, water-supply planning sustainability, and the sustainability of the ecosystem. Trend analysis is one of the most commonly used tools for detecting changes in the hydrological time series such as lake levels, precipitation and temperature. Trend analyses of meteorological variables and groundwater levels (baseflow components) are crucial toward the assessment of long-term changes in lake levels. This study aims to investigate the trend of long-term change in lakes (Lake Tuz and Lake Beyşehir) and sinkholes (Timraş and Kızören) in the Konya Closed Basin in Turkey. Changes in these lakes and sinkholes were examined along with changes in precipitation and groundwater trends representing the climate in the region. With the assistance of Thiessen polygons, precipitation stations, which affect the lakes and sinkholes, were determined. Several statistical tests exist that help determine the significance of hydrological trends over time. These tests are divided into two categories: parametric and nonparametric. In this study, the non parametric Innovative Sen trend test, the Modified Mann–Kendall trend test, and the parametric Linear Trend test were used. As a result of the trend analysis, it was observed that the water levels of Kızören and Timraş sinkholes decreased over time, and the water levels of Tuz Gölü and Beyşehir lakes increased over time. These results are supported by the trends of precipitation data and groundwater level data of the stations determined by the Thiessen polygons and sub-basin boundaries.
Citric acid and AMF Inoculation Combination Assisted phytoextraction of vanadium (V) by Medicago Sativa in V Mining Contaminated Soil
Authors: Qiu Lang , Gao Wenlong , Wang Zhigang , Li Baoqin , Sun Weimin , Gao Pin , Sun Xiaoxu , Song Benru , Zhang Yanxu , Kong Tianle , Lin Hanzhi
Published: February 2021

The use of citric acid (CA) chelator to facilitate metal bioavailability is a promising approach for phytoextraction of heavy metal contaminants. However, the role of CA chelator associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on phytoextraction of vanadium (V) has not been studied. Therefore, in this study, a greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of CA chelator and AMF inoculation on plant growth and V phytoextraction in the V mining contaminated soil by Medicago sativa Linn. (M. sativa). The experiment was performed via CA (at 0, 5 and 10 mM kg− 1 soil levels) application alone or in combination with AMF inoculation. Plant biomass, root mycorrhizal colonization, P and V accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity in plant, and soil chemical speciation of V were evaluated. Results depicted (1) a marked decline in plant biomass and root mycorrhizal colonization in 5- and 10-mM CA treatments which were accompanied by a significant increased V accumulation in M. sativa tissues. The effects could be attributed to the enhancement of bioavailable V by mainly transferring from the reducible to acid-soluble V fraction. (2) The presence of CA significantly enhanced P acquisition while the ratio of P/V concentration in plant shoots and roots decreased, owing to the increased V translocation from soil to plant. (3) In both CA treated soil, AMF symbiosis significantly improved dry weight (31.4–73.3%) and P content (37.3-122.5%) in shoot and root of M. sativa, and showed markedly contribution in reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) content (12.8–16.2%) and higher antioxidants (SOD, POD and CAT) activities in the leaves, suggesting their combination could promote growth performance and stimulate antioxidant response alleviating V stress induced by CA chelator. (4) Taken together, 10 mM kg− 1 CA application and AMF inoculation combination exhibited higher amount of extracted V both in the shoot and root. Thus, citric acid-AMF-plant symbiosis provides a novel remediation strategy for in situ V phytoextraction by M. sativa in the contaminated soil.
Electrothermal modeling for nano AlGaN/GaN HEMTs using dual-phase-lag theory
Authors: Khemiri Randa , Gazzah Mohamed Hichem , Belmabrouk Hafedh
Published: February 2021

The combined dependence of the electronic and thermal characteristics in the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs supported in nano-elctronic devices was studied theoretically and numerically. The Schrödinger-Poisson equations coupled with Dual phase lag (DPL) thermal transfer equation was undertaken. Simultaneous impacts of the conduction band offset and polarization charge between the AlGaN/GaN heterointerface induce the production of the two-dimensional electron gas density (2DEG). The simulation results showed that the 2DEG density at the heterointerface increased with increase of Aluminum fraction. In addition, the simulation results of the thermalization process were found to be in good agreement with the literature. As a result, the maximum heat generation as well the maximum temperature at the heterointerface increased. The obtained result could to be useful in assessing thermal transfer in the AlGaN/GaN HEMTs nano-devices to improve their performance.
An Investigation into the Implementation Processes of Ghana’s Primary Health Care Strategy: The Community-Based Health Planning and Services Programme.
Authors: Edusei Matthew Kwame , Barimah Kofi Bobi , Asibuo Samuel Kwadwo
Published: February 2021

Background: Ghana has adopted the community-based health planning and services (CHPS) programme as the public health strategy for meeting its universal health goals. The programme is facing implementation challenges that are affecting its expansion within the communities. This research was undertaken to examine the implementation processes of CHPS and suggest solutions to improve its scaling-up within the communities.Method : An exploratory research design was used with a mixed method approach that involved the testing of a hypothesis. Results : The study found that in places with on-going CHPS programmes, there is statistically significant (p<0.001) evidence that the implementation processes are not flawed. However, the district assemblies were selective in the allocation of CHPS zones within the communities. Conclusion : Chieftaincy conflicts within the communities are impeding the community entry aspect of the CHPS policy implementation processes and needs to be addressed by policy makers in the relevant government agencies.
The Value of Ga68-DOTATATE PET/CT in Diagnosis and Management of Suspected Pituitary Tumors
Authors: Novruzov Fuad , Aliyev Aziz , Wan Ming Young S , Syed Rizwan , Mehdi Elnur , Aliyeva Irada , Giammarile Francesco , Bomanji Jamshed , Kayani Irfan
Published: February 2021

Backroud Gallium 68-tetraazacyclododecane-tetraacetic acid-octreotate (Ga-68‑DOTATATE) is a selective somatostatin analogue ligand, which shows increased affinity for somatostatin receptor subtype (SSTR) 2 and has been used routinely for imaging neuroendocrine tumors with PET/CT. We investigated the utility of ­­Ga-68‑DOTATATE positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with suspected pituitary pathology. We reviewed imaging for twenty consecutive patients (8 men, 12 women, mean age of 48.2, range: 14-78) with suspected pituitary pathology who were referred for Ga-68-DOTATATE PET-CT. Results Nine patients presented with recurrent Cushing's syndrome following surgical resection of pituitary adenomas due to recurrent Cushing's disease (seven patients) and ectopic ACTH secreting tumor (2 patients). All seven patients with recurrent Cushing's disease showed positive pituitary Ga-68-DOTATATE uptake while both cases of ectopic hormonal secretion had absent pituitary uptake. In 1 of these 2 patients Ga-68-DOTATATE was able to localize the source of ectopic ACTH tumor. Six patients presented de novo with Cushing's due to ectopic ACTH secretion; Ga-68‑DOTATATE PET/CT was able to localize ectopic tumors in six of eight patients (3 lungs, 2 pancreases, 1 mid-gut) There was high uptake Ga-68-DOTATATE in 3 cases of recurrent central hyperthyroidism (SUVmax 6.6-14.3) and 2 cases of prolactinoma (SUVmax 5.5 and 11.3).Conclusion Absent Ga-68-DOTATATE activity in the pituitary fossa is useful in excluding pituitary disease in recurrent Cushing’s. Recurrent pituitary thyrotropinomas and prolactinomas showed moderate to high pituitary activity. In addition, in Cushing’s syndrome Ga-68-DOTATATE is useful for detection of ectopic sources of ACTH production, especially where anatomic imaging is negative.
Characterizing social-ecological context and success factors of antimicrobial resistance interventions across the One Health spectrum: Analysis of 42 interventions targeting E. coli
Authors: Léger Anaïs , Lambraki Irene , Graells Tiscar , Cousins Melanie , Henriksson Patrik JG , Harbarth Stephan , Carson Carolee A. , Majowicz Shannon E. , Troell Max , Parmley Jane E , Jørgensen Peter S , Wernli Didier
Published: February 2021

Background. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is among the most pressing One Health issues. While interventions and policies with various targets and goals have been implemented, evidence about factors underpinning success and failure of interventions in different sectors is lacking. The objective of this study is to identify characteristics of AMR interventions that increase their capacity to impact AMR. This study focuses on AMR interventions targeting E. coli.Methods. We used the AMR-Intervene framework to extract descriptions of the social and ecological systems of interventions to determine factors contributing to their success. Results. We identified 52 scientific publications referring to 42 unique E. coli AMR interventions. We mainly identified interventions implemented in high-income countries (36/42), at the national level (16/42), targeting primarily one sector of society (37/42) that was mainly the human sector (25/42). Interventions were primarily funded by governments (38/42). Most intervention targeted a low leverage point in the AMR system, (36/42), and aimed to change the epidemiology of AMR (14/42). Among all included publications, 55% (29/52) described at least one success factor or obstacle (29/52) and 19% (10/52) identified at least one success factor and one obstacle. Most reported success factors related to communication between the actors and stakeholders and the role of media, and stressed the importance of collaboration between disciplines and external partners. Described obstacles covered data quality, access to data and statistical analyses, and the validity of the results. Conclusions. Overall, we identified a lack of diversity regarding interventions. In addition, most published E. coli interventions were poorly described with limited evidence of the factors that contributed to the intervention success or failure. Design and reporting guidelines would help to improve reporting quality and provide a valuable tool for improving the science of AMR interventions.
Geographic Variation of Indigenous Hepatitis C Virus Subtypes 6g and 6w in an Endemic Area of Southern Taiwan
Authors: Tung Hung-Da , Lee Pei-Lun , Chen Jyh-Jou , Kuo Hsing-Tao , Sheu Ming-Jen , Cheng Chun-Ta , Chuang Tang-Wei , Pang Mai-Gio , Lin Cheng-Heng , Hou Chia-Yi , Tsai Hsin-Hua , Wu Li-Ching , Lee Chuan , Kao Hsu-Ju
Published: February 2021

Background and Aims: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT) 6 is the most genetically diverse GT and mainly distributed in Southeast Asia and south China but not Taiwan. Earlier studies showed the major GTs in Taiwan were GT 1b and GT 2 with very rare GT6 except in injection drug user and subtype 6a is the main GT 6 subtype among IDUs. Recently we reported a much higher prevalence (18.3%) of GT 6 in Tainan City, southern Taiwan. This study was designed to clarify the subtypes of GT 6 in this endemic area. Materials and Methods: A total 3022 (1343 men and 1679 women) HCV patients were enrolled. GT 6 subtypes were determined by sequencing of core/E1 and nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) in 322 of 518 GT 6 patients. Results: The overall GT6 prevalence rate was 17.1% (518/3022) with higher prevalence districts located in northern Tainan. The major GT6 subtypes in Tainan were 6g (81.0%), followed by 6w (10.8%), 6a (7.5%), and 6n (0.7%).Conclusions: The high GT 6 prevalence in Tainan was mainly due to subtype 6g and 6w with characteristic geographic distribution, suggesting subtypes 6g and 6w could be indigenous in Tainan for centuries.
Co-distribution of light at night (LAN) and COVID-19 incidence in the United States
Authors: Meng Yidan , Zhu Vincent , Zhu Yong
Published: February 2021

Background: Light at night (LAN) as a circadian disruption factor may affect the human immune system and consequently increase the susceptibility or severity of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. COVID-19 infections spread differently in states in the United States (US). The current analysis aimed to test whether there is an association between LAN and COVID-19 cases in 4 selected US states: Connecticut, New York State, California and Texas.Methods: We analyzed clustering patterns of COVID-19 cases in ArcMap and performed the multiple linear regression model using data of LAN and COVID-19 incidence with adjustment for confounding variables including population density, percent below poverty, and racial factors. Results: Hotspots of LAN and COVID-19 cases are located in large cities or metro-centers for all 4 states. LAN intensity is associated with cases/1k for overall, and lockdown durations in New York State, and Connecticut (P <0.001), but not in Texas and California. The overall cases rates are significantly associated with LAN in New York State (P <0.001) and Connecticut (P <0.001). Conclusions: We observed a significant positive correlation between LAN intensity and COVID-19 cases-rate/1k, suggesting that circadian disruption of ambient light may increase the COVID-19 infection rate possibly by affecting an individual's immune functions. Furthermore, differences in demographic structure and lockdown policies in different states play an important role in COVID-19 infections.
MDA5 score--A Novel Lung Computed Tomography Scoring Method for Anti-Melanoma Differentiation-associated Gene 5-positive Dermatomyositis
Authors: Xu Wenwen , Wu Wanlong , Zhang Danting , Chen Zhiwei , Zheng Yu , Tao Xinwei , Zhao Jiangfeng , Wang Kaiwen , Wang Xiaodong , Ye Shuang
Published: February 2021

Background: Anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5)-positive dermatomyositis (DM)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a life-threatening disease with a 6-month mortality as high as 50%. Evaluation of pulmonary high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is crucial in the prognostic prediction. This study aimed to develop a novel CT visual scoring method for anti-MDA5 positive DM-ILD.Methods: A prospective cohort of hospitalized patients with anti-MDA5 positive DM-ILD was analyzed, and was further divided into a derivation dataset and a validation dataset. The primary outcome was the six-month all-cause mortality since the time of admission. Three components of baseline pulmonary CT images, i.e., ground glass opacity (GGO), consolidation and fibrosis were semi-quantitatively calculated in different lung lobes. The multivariable COX proportional hazards model was used to identify independent prognostic risk factors and corresponding coefficients, based upon which a scoring model was constructed. In addition, an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm-based analysis and an idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)-based scoring were conducted as comparators. The prediction accuracy of different methods was measured and compared by Harrell concordance index (C-index). Results: Overall, 173 eligible patients were included. A novel GGO and consolidation-weighted CT visual scoring model for anti-MDA5 positive DM-ILD, namely ‘MDA5 score’, was developed with C-index values of 0.80 (95%CI 0.75-0.86) in the derivation dataset (n=116) and 0.84 (95%CI 0.71-0.97) in the validation dataset (n=57), respectively. While, the AI algorithm-based analysis, namely ‘AI score’, yielded C-index 0.78 (95%CI 0.72-0.84) for the derivation dataset and 0.77 (95%CI 0.64-0.90) for the validation dataset. ‘MDA5 score’ outperformed and IPF-based scoring (‘IPF score’) with respect to discrimination and clinical usefulness.Conclusions: The novel derived ‘MDA5 score’ may serve as an applicable prognostic predictor for anti-MDA5 positive DM-ILD and facilitate further clinical trial design. The AI based CT quantitative analysis from COVID-19 provided a promising solution for ILD evaluation.
Diagnostic Performance of SPECT/CT Versus Diffusion-Weighted Mri in Characterization of Indeterminate Osseous Lesions Detected on Bone Scan
Authors: Khalil Maha , Abdelhafez Yasser Gaber , Kandeel Ahmed A. , Seifeldein Gehan S , Atta Haisam
Published: February 2021

Background: Characterization of solitary osseous lesions on planar bone scintigraphy (PBS) is challenging. In this pilot study, we aimed to explore the diagnostic performance of 99mTc-MDP bone scintigraphy using SPECT/CT in comparison to magnetic resonance imaging including diffusion-weighted imaging (MR-DWI) in patients with solitary indeterminate osseous lesions detected on PBS. Methods: This pilot study prospectively recruited 46 cancer patients who underwent PBS, with a finding of a solitary osseous lesion that was deemed indeterminate by two nuclear medicine physicians not involved in subsequent reading. A targeted SPECT/CT and MR-DWI were read independently by two nuclear medicine physicians and two radiologists, respectively, on a 5-point probability score. The final diagnosis of disease status was formulated from subsequent clinical/imaging follow-up within six months. Results: Agreement between SPECT/CT readers was 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI]:0.51-0.85) and 0.99 (95%CI:0.99-1.00) between MR-DWI readers. According to the follow-up, 16/46 patients proved to have osseous metastasis. The area under the curve (AUC) from ROC analysis was 0.79 (95%CI:0.65-93) for SPECT/CT and 0.73 (95%CI:0.57-0.89) for MR-DWI. No statistically significant difference was noted regarding sensitivity or specificity. MR-DWI was more accurate for lesions located in the appendicular skeleton (n=17; AUC=0.92,95%CI:0.68-1.0) compared to axial lesions (n=29; AUC=0.65,95%CI:0.45-0.81). The performance of SPECT/CT was comparable for both sites. Diagnostic indices from both modalities were comparable for sclerotic and non-sclerotic lesions on the CT part of SPECT/CT.Conclusions: In this exploratory report, no significant difference was seen in the overall diagnostic performance between SPECT/CT and MR-DWI for characterization of solitary indeterminate osseous lesions depicted on PBS. MR-DWI results were more reproducible; however, the overall accuracy of MR-DWI varied according to lesion site, density patterns on CT, and the primary tumor type. Such differences were less obvious with SPECT/CT.
Molecular Phenomics of Gut Ecosystem in COVID-19 Patients 
Authors: Yan Zhixiang , He Feixiang , He Huanhuan , Li Dan , Pang Pengfei , Fang Zhaoxiong , Jiang Guanmin , Huang Siwen , Li Kexue , Gu Zhiqiang , Shi Honggang , Zhang Zhenyi , Zhu Huijin , Lin Lu , Li Jialin , Yan Ru , Xiao Fei , Li Xiaofeng , Shan Hong
Published: February 2021

Background: Gut ecosystem has profound effects on host physiology and health. Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were frequently observed in patients with COVID-19. Compared with other organs, gut antiviral response can result in more complicated immune responses because of the interactions between the gut microbiota and host immunity. However, there are still large knowledge gaps in the impact of COVID-19 on gut molecular profiles and commensal microbiome, hindering our comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and the treatment of COVID-19.Results: We performed longitudinal stool multi-omics profiling to systemically investigate the molecular phenomics alterations of gut ecosystem in COVID-19. Gut proteomes of COVID-19 were characterized by disturbed immune, proteolysis and redox homeostasis. The expression and glycosylation of proteins involved in neutrophil degranulation and migration were suppressed, while those of proteases were upregulated. The variable domains of Ig heavy chains were downregulated and the overall glycosylation of IgA heavy chain constant regions, IgGFc-binding protein, and J chain were suppressed with glycan-specific variations. There was a reduction of beneficial gut bacteria and an enrichment of bacteria derived deleterious metabolites potentially associated with multiple types of diseases (such as ethyl glucuronide). The reduction of Ig heave chain variable domains may contribute to the increase of some Bacteroidetes species. Many bacteria ceramide lipids with a C17-sphingoid based were downregulated in COVID-19. In many cases, the gut phenome did not restore two months after symptom onset.Conclusions: Our study indicates widely disturbed gut molecular profiles which may play a role in the development of symptoms in COVID-19. Our findings also emphasis the need for ongoing investigation of the long-term gut molecular and microbial alterations during COVID-19 recovery process. Considering the gut ecosystem as a potential target could offer a valuable approach in managing the disease.
The Trend of Women’s Autonomy in Refusing Risky Sex and Associated Factors in Ethiopia: Evidence From 2011 & 2016 EDHS Data
Authors: Asabu Melkamu Dires
Published: February 2021

Background: Risky sexual behavior is a major public health concern of Ethiopians. Although studying the autonomy of women in refusing risky sex is significant to take proper actions, the issue is not yet studied. Accordingly, this population-based nationwide study was aimed at assessing the trends of women’s autonomy in refusing risky sex and its associated factors in Ethiopia.Method: The sample was limited to married women of 2011 (n=8369) and 2016 (n=8403) Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. Women's autonomy in refusing risky sex was measured based on wives' response to 'not having sex because of husbands have other women. To examine associated factors, sociodemographic variables were computed using binary logistic regression. Result: The finding revealed that the trend of women’s autonomy in refusing risky sex had declined from 78.9% in 2011 to 69.5% in 2016. Women aged from 25-34 were less likely autonomous in refusing sex (AOR=.764;95%CI=.605,.965), in comparison with women aged less than 24 years old. The autonomy of women with primary, secondary, and higher educational status were AOR=1.607;95%CI:1.379,1.874, AOR=2.208;95%CI:1.639,2.975, and AOR=3.221;95%CI:1.647,6.300 respectively. The autonomy of women from rich households was more likely higher (AOR=1.523;95%CI:1.28,1.813) in comparison to women from poor households. The autonomy of women in Tigray, (AOR=2.938;95%CI:2.025,4.263), Afar (AOR=1.497;95%CI:1.111,2.017), Amhara (AOR=4.870;95%CI:3.388,7.000), Benishangul Gumuz (AOR=.568;95%CI:.406,.796), SNNP (AOR=1.900;95%CI:1.355,2.664), Harari (AOR=.516;95%CI:.372,.716), and Addis Ababa (AOR=3.809;95%CI:2.227,6.516) when compared with autonomy of women who resides Dire Dawa.Conclusion: The autonomy of women in refusing risky sex has declined from 2011 to 2016. This infers that currently, women are more victimized than previously. Hence, possible interventions like empowering women shall be taken to protect women from certain health problems of risky sexual behavior.
Influence of Defect States and Thickness of Interface Layer On High Efficiency of c-Si/a-Si:H Heterojunction Solar Cells With Higher Bandgap a-Si:H(p) Layer By Simulation
Authors: Kanneboina Venkanna
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the influence of defect states and thickness of interface layer on high efficiency of c-Si/a-Si:H heterojunction solar cells with higher bandgap emitter a-Si:H(p) layer by AFORSHET simulation tool. At first, the performance of Ag/ZnO/a-Si:H(p)/ a-Si:H(i)/ c-Si(n)/ a-Si:H(i)/ a-Si:H(n)/Ag heterojunction solar cells was studied by altering the thickness of a-Si:H(p) and a-Si:H(i) layers. The best values of open circuit voltage (Voc) (764.8 mV), short circuit current density (Jsc) (43.15 mA/cm2), fill factor (FF) (85.71) and efficiency(ɳ) (28.28%) were obtained at 3 nm of a-Si:H(p) and a-Si:H(i) layer. In the same structure, c-Si(n) interface was introduced in between c-Si(n) and a-Si:H(i) layer. It is found that the solar cell performance was not changed by varying defect density from 109-1014 cm-3 for thin (5 and 10 nm) interface layer and estimated values are 761.7 mV, 38.83 mA/cm2, 86.09%, 25.46% correspond to Voc, Jsc, FF, ɳ respectively. For very thick interface layer, defect density has shown huge impact on the device performance. At 1 µm, the Voc, FF and ɳ values have been changed from 760.2 to 653.2 mV, 85.9 to 80.76% and 22.94 to 18.47% for the defect density of 109 to 1014 cm-3 respectively.
Reduced regional cerebral blood flow measured by 99mTc-HMPAO SPECT in microgravity simulated by 5-day dry immersion
Authors: Guillon Laurent , Kermorgant Marc , Charvolin Thomas , Bonneville Fabrice , Bareille Marie-Pierre , Cassol Emmanuelle , Beck Arnaud , Beaurain Marie , Peran Patrice , Lotterie Jean-Albert , Traon Anne Pavy-Le , Payoux Pierre
Published: February 2021

Purpose Neuro-ophthalmological changes defined as spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome have been reported after long duration space flights. The pathophysiology of this syndrome remains unclear, with the possible involvement of elevated intracranial pressure. Changes in blood flow in the brain, evaluated indirectly by Doppler, have been reported in flight. However, the effects of microgravity on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) are not known. We therefore investigated changes in rCBF in a 5-day dry immersion (DI) model. Moreover, we tested thigh cuffs as a countermeasure to prevent potential microgravity-induced modifications in rCBF.Methods 18 healthy male participants underwent 5-day DI with or without a thigh cuffs countermeasure. They were randomly allocated to a control (n = 9) or cuffs (n = 9) group. rCBF was measured 4 days before DI (Pre-DI) and at the end of the fifth day of DI (Post-DI), using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-hexamethyl propylene amine oxime (HMPAO). SPECT images were processed using statistical parametric mapping (SPM12) software.Results At DI5, we observed a significant decrease in rCBF in 32 cortical and subcortical patterns, with greater hypoperfusion in the occipital region (occipital peak level: z = 4.51, puncorr < 0.001) and basal ganglia (putamen peak level: z = 4.71, puncorr < 0.001; caudate nuclei peak level: z = 3.80, puncorr < 0.001). No significant difference was found between the control and cuffs groups on variations in rCBF at DI5.Conclusion 5-day DI induces a relative decrease in rCBF in cortical and subcortical regions. Nevertheless, the consequences of this decrease for brain function and mechanisms need further investigation.
Effet of edge fluorination and chlorination on structures, stability, electronic and charge transport properties of benzo[o]bistriphenyleno[2,1,12,11-efghi:2',1',12',11'-uvabc]ovalene molecule : DFT study.
Authors: Bouba Marius Ousmanou , Nya Fridolin Tchangnwa , Ngui Christine Yvette , Ndjaka Jean Marie
Published: February 2021

We have investigated the structures, electronic properties, hole and electron mobilities of ﬂuorinated and chlorinated nanographene of benzo[o]bistriphenyleno[2,1,12,11-efghi:2',1',12',11'-uvabc]ovalene (TCHG) molecules, us- ing the density functional theory (DFT) and Markus-Hush charge transfer theory. The calculated geometric parameters and the IR spectrum for chlorinated TCHG are in good agreement with the experimental data. Our theoretical investigations have shown that ﬂuorination and chlorination signiﬁcantly reduce the bandgap energy of TCHG. The obtained adiabatic electron aﬃnities (AEAs) values are 2.76 and 2.93 eV respectively, indicating the air-stable materials. The calculation of charge carriers mobilities in chlorinated dimer shows that the mobility of the electrons is ten times that of the holes, suggesting an n-type behavior. We have shown that the ﬂuorination and chlorination of TCHG are promising pathways for the design of new materials useful in optoelectronics
Transurethral Seminal Vesiculoscopy for Intractable Hematospermia: Experience From 144 Patients
Authors: Chen Wei-Kang , Yu Dong-Dong , Chen Zhi-Xia , Li Peng-Fei , Cai Jian , Liu Yu-Peng , Wu Zhi-Gang
Published: February 2021

Purpose: to describe the methodology of transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy and the anatomy of the area of the verumontanum, and to determine the safety of this procedure, especially in terms of postoperative complications. Methods: This retrospective observational study enrolled 144 patients with intractable hematospermia from May 2011 and August 2019. A 4.5/6.5-Fr vesiculoscope was inserted into the seminal vesicle to deal with the positive findings. The solution of quinolones was used to rinse each seminal vesicle. Results: In this study, Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy was successfully performed in 139 patients (96.53%). Hematospermia was alleviated or disappeared in 116 (80.56%) patients by less than half a year after surgery. Common intraoperative manifestations were hemorrhage, stones, utricle polyps and cysts. The surgical approach in our study were categorized into four types, including 24 (16.7%), 73 (50.7%), 42 (29.2%), and 5 (3.5%) cases in Type A (natural opening of the ejaculatory duct), B (trans-duct fenestration), C (trans-utricle fenestration), and D (not founded), respectively. Sexual function change was recorded in 12 patients of 111 patients, especially by the method of trans-utricle fenestration, including 8 (7.21%), 3 (2.70%), and 1 (0.90%) patients in shorter intravaginal ejaculatory latency time, worse erection hardness and loss of orgasm, respectively. Conclusion: Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy is an effective and safe procedure for the management of hematospermia. The anatomy of the distal seminal tract should be understood more deeply and Wu’method (uncover-curtain method) needs to be promoted to verify its universality and safety. Besides, the complications of the function dysfunction should be discussed in the future in multi-center clinical trials.
How to choose infra-acetabular screw? Option of All-In or In-Out-in Screw Based on Computed Tomography Measurement of Infra-Acetabular Corridor
Authors: Lu Quanyi , Zhou Runtao , Gao Shichang , Liang Anlin , Yang Mingming , Yang Haitao
Published: February 2021

Background: The infra-acetabular corridor is quite narrow, which makes a challenge for the orthopedists to insert the screw. This study aimed to explore the relationship between the infra-acetabular corridor diameter (IACD) and the minimum thickness of medial acetabular wall(MTMAW), and to clarify the way of screw placement. Methods: The Computed tomography (CT) data of 100 normal adult pelvises (50 males and 50 females respectively) were collected and pelvis three-dimensional(3D) reconstruction was performed by using Mimics software and the 3D model was imported into Geomagic Studio software. The perspective of acetabulum was carried out orienting from iliopubic eminence to ischial tuberosity and the IACD was measured by placing virtual screws which was vertical to the corridor transverse section of "teardrop". The relationship between IACD and MTMAW was analyzed. When IACD was ≥ 5 mm, 3.5mm all-in screws were placed. When IACD was < 5 mm, 3.5mm in-out-in screws were placed. Results: The IACD of males and females were (6.15 ± 1.24) mm and (5.42 ± 1.01) mm and the MTMAW in males and females were (4.40 ± 1.23) mm and (3.60 ± 0.81)mm respectively. The IACD and MTMAW in males were significantly wider than those of females (P < 0.05), and IACD was positively correlated with MTMAW (r = 0.859), the regression equation was IACD = 2.111 + 0.917 MTMAW. In the all-in screw group, 38 cases (76%) were males and 33 cases (66%) were females respectively. The entry point was located at posteromedial of the apex of iliopubic eminence, and the posterior distance and medial distance were (8.03±2.01)mm and (8.49±2.68)mm respectively in males. As for females, those were (8.68±2.35)mm and (8.87±2.79)mm respectively. In the in-out-in screw group, 12 cases (24%) were males and 17 cases (34%) were females, respectively. The posterior distance and medial distance between the entry point and the apex of iliopubic eminence were (10.49±2.58)mm and (6.17±1.84)mm respectively in males. As for females, those were (10.10±2.63)mm and (6.63±1.49)mm respectively. The angle between the infra-acetabular screw and the sagittal plane was medial inclination (0.42 ± 6.49) °in males, lateral inclination (8.09 ± 6.33) °in females, and the angle between the infra-acetabular screw and the coronal plane was posterior inclination (54.06 ± 7.37) °. Conclusions: The placement mode of the infra-acetabular screw(IAS) can be determined preoperatively by measuring the MTMAW in the CT axial layers. Compared with all-in screw, the in-out-in screw entry point was around 2mm outwards and backwards, and closer to true pelvic rim.
Treating Hypernasal Speech in Children with Infantile-Onset Pompe Disease: Effectiveness of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
Authors: Zeng Yin-Ting , Liu Wen-Yu , Torng Pao-Chuan , Hwu Wuh-Liang , Lee Ni-Chung , Lin Chun-Yi , Chien Yin-Hsiu
Published: February 2021

Children with infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) demonstrate hypernasality. This study aimed to evaluate whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) training, effective in reducing hypernasality in subjects with velopharyngeal insufficiency, may reduce hypernasality in children with IOPD. Five children with IOPD were enrolled to partake in an 8-week, 6-day-per-week regimen of CPAP training at home, involving 8 week baseline, 8 week CPAP training, and 8 week follow-up outcome assessment combined with regular speech therapy once per week. The outcomes included the degree of hypernasality (DH), the percentage of consonants correct (PCC), and the speech intelligibility score (SIS). C-statistic analysis with an α of .05 (z ≥ 1.645) and visual analysis were used to assess speech changes. Three patients completed the study. During the CPAP training phase, the DH, PCC, and SIS were significantly improved compared with the baseline (p ≤ .05). At the follow-up phase, both DH and SIS were improved compared with the baseline (p ≤ .05), but the PCC had returned to the baseline level (p ≥ .05). CPAP training demonstrated effectiveness in reducing nasal sounds in IOPD patients. Further studies involving training younger children with normal hearing may help elucidate the persistence of the effects in children with IOPD.
Study on the Distribution and Source of Multidrug-resistant Organisms Infection in Non-ICU Departments
Authors: Li Zhanjie , Wu Xing , Liu Bo , Zhang Wei-hong , Zhou Su-ming , Zhang Yong-xiang
Published: February 2021

Objective: To analyze the distribution and source of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) infection in non-ICU departments, and provide basis for accurate prevention and control measures of MDRO. Methods: A total of 1116 MDRO infection strains isolated from 802 patients with MDRO infection in the non-ICU departments of The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical Universityl from October 2017 to September 2019 were selected as subjects. According to the source, MDRO was divided into two types and four groups: out-of-hospital infection (transferred from outside hospital and community-acquired) and nosocomial infection (transferred from our hospital and department-acquired). Results: The major MDRO infections in non-ICU departments were CRE (34.41%) and MRSA (29.66%). There were significant differences in the composition of MDRO infection among different departments (χ2 = 185.687, P < 0.001). The departments with the most MDRO infection were geriatric medicine (13.17%), neurosurgery (10.04%), and rehabilitation medicine (8.51%). The detection rates of CRE, MRSA, CRAB, and CRPA were 10.69%, 43.83%, 33.72%, and 27.11%, respectively, which were significantly lower than those of CRE, MRSA, CRAB, and CRPA in the departments of the whole hospital (25.35%, 51.48%, 79.15%, 46.99%), and the differences were statistically significant (χ2 = 584.309, 15.583, 960.632, 203.726; all P < 0.001). There were significant differences in the detection rates of four kinds of MDRO among different non-ICU departments (χ2 = 190.766, 97.642, 75.078, 69.515; all P <0.001). The most common sites of MDRO infection were lower respiratory tract (48.39%), surgical site (11.83%), and urinary tract (11.02%). There were 641 cases of out-of-hospital infection (57.44%), including out-of-hospital transfer (33.42%) and community-acquire (24.01%), and 475 cases of nosocomial infection (42.56%), including our hospital transfer (4.66%) and department-acquire (37.90%). The composition of MDRO source was different among non-ICU departments. Conclusion: Nearly 2/3 of MDRO infection in non-ICU departments came from out-of-hospital input and in-hospital transfer. The implementation of basic infection control measures and early identification through information system need be noticed. The distribution and source of MDRO infection varied in different departments, and targeted prevention and control measures should be made according to its characteristics to achieve accurate prevention and control.
Highly Improved Mis Photodetector Sensitivity Using Ge Nanocrystals
Authors: Aouassa Mansour , M’gaieth Ridha , Azeza Bilel , Berbezier Isabelle , Favre Luc
Published: February 2021

We report the high performances of Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor Photodetectors (MIS PD) made with crystalline Ge nanocrystals (Ge NCs) as the active absorbers embedded in a silicon dioxide matrix. The Ge NCs have been obtained by a combination of Ge deposition by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) on tunnel thermal silicon oxide and solid state dewetting processes. Ge NCs structure and morphology are characterized by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The photocurrent generation is determined by I-V spectroscopy and Photocurrent spectroscopy. We evidence the role of high quality Ge NCs on photocurrent and explain the high sensitivity of MIS photodetector as a result of transport mechanisms via photoexcited Ge NCs.These results indicate that the crystalline Ge NCs obtained via solid state dewetting can be integrated with opto-electronics and photonics technologies to produce new high performance optoelectronic devices fully compatible with Complementary Oxide Metal (CMOS) technology.
The Association Between Insulin Sensitivity Indices, ECG Findings and Mortality: A 40 Year Cohort Study
Authors: Moshkovits Yonatan , Rott David , Chetrit Angela , Dankner Rachel
Published: February 2021

Background: Type 2 Diabetes is associated with insulin resistance and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Insulin resistance can be evaluated non-invasively by insulin sensitivity indices, like the Mcauley index (MCAi), which is a function of fasting plasma insulin and triglycerides. We sought to further elucidate the association between insulin sensitivity indices and incidental ECG findings and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in a large cohort followed for decades. Methods: In a prospective study of the Israel cohort on Glucose Intolerance, Obesity and Hypertension (GOH) second phase (1979-1982) 1830 men and women were followed until December 2016 for cardiovascular mortality and December 2019 for all-cause mortality. ECGs were recorded and oral glucose tolerance tests performed during baseline. Insulin sensitivity indices were categorized into quartiles and evaluated against ECG findings and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.Results: Mean age at baseline was 52.0±8.1 years, and 75 (15.2%) and 47 (25.3%) participants in the upper quartiles (Q2-4) and the lower quartile (Q1) of the MCAi, presented with ischemic changes on ECG respectively (p=0.02). Multivariable analysis showed higher odds for ECG ischemic changes, for individuals in Q1-MCAi (adjusted OR=1.7, 95%CI 1.02-2.8), compared with Q2-4-MCAi, which attenuated when excluding individuals with diabetes (adjusted OR=1.6, 95%CI 0.9-2.7, p=0.09). Cox proportional-hazards regression showed an increased risk for all-cause mortality for individuals in Q1-MCAi (HR=1.2, 95%CI 1.02-1.3) as well as an increased risk for cardiovascular mortality (HR=1.4, 95%CI 1.1-1.8) compared with Q2-4-MCAi. Individuals in Q4-Ln HOMA-IR and Q1-QUICKI also presented with increased risk for all-cause-mortality (HR=1.2, 95%CI 1.04-1.4; and HR=1.2, 95%CI 1.04-1.4, respectively). Other ISIs did not show significant association with cardiovascular mortality. Conclusions: Higher insulin-resistance, according to the MCAi, associated with ECG changes, and with greater risk for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality over a 40-year follow-up. The MCAi may be considered as an early predictive and prognostic biomarker for CV-morbidity and mortality in adults.
Detection of Structural and Conformational Changes in ALS-Causing Mutant Profilin1 With Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry and Bioinformatics Techniques
Authors: Sadr Ahmad Shahir , abdollahpour zahra , Aliahmadi Atousa , Eslahchi Changiz , Nekouei Mina , Kiaei Lily , Kiaei Mahmoud , Ghassempour Alireza
Published: February 2021

The hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) is a reliable method to survey the dynamic behavior of proteins and epitope mapping. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a quantifying tool to assay for HDX in the protein of interest. We combined HDX-MALDI-TOF MS and molecular docking/MD simulation to identify accessible amino acids and analyze their contribution in the structural changes of profilin1 (PFN1). The molecular docking/MD simulations are computational tools for enabling the analysis of the type of amino acids that may be involved via HDX identified under the lowest binding energy condition. Glycine to Valine amino acid (G117V) substitution mutation is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). This mutation is found to be in the actin-binding site of PFN1 and prevents the dimerization/polymerization of actin and invokes a pathologic toxicity that leads to ALS. In this study, we sought to understand the PFN1 protein dynamic behavior using purified wild type and mutant PFN1 proteins. The data obtained from HDX-MALDI-TOF MS for PFN1WT and PFN1G117V at various time intervals, from seconds to hours, revealed multiple peaks corresponding to molecular weights from monomers to multimers. PFN1/Benzaldehyde complexes identified 20 accessible amino acids to HDX that participate in the docking simulation in the surface of WT and mutant PFN1. Consistent results from HDX-MALDI-TOF MS and docking simulation predict candidate amino acid(s) involved in the dimerization/polymerization of PFNG117V. This information may shed critical light on the structural and conformational changes with details of amino acid epitopes for mutant PFN1s’ dimerization, oligomerization, and aggregation.
Current standard protocols of RT-PCR of nasopharyngeal swab in neonatal patient is not sensitive enough for determination of vertical transmission
Authors: Fusco Maria Alice , Mantini Vinícius , Júnior Jarba S. S. , Gomes Raphael G. C. , Salmont Camilla G. , Abuassi Clarissa , Lima Andressa R. O. , Clarim Helena L. O. , Ferreira Erika Caminha , Almeida Simone S. A. , Rodrigues Felipe V. F. , Zanirati Gabriele , Becker Nicole , Galina João P. , Costa Jaderson C. da , Marinowic Daniel Rodrigo
Published: February 2021

The pandemic experienced in recent months has raised questions that should be investigate in the clinical practice. Transplacental transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and the consequences to the fetus and newborn have called attention due to the increasing number of infections, contradicting previous evidences that there was no possibility of coronavirus transmission from the mother to the fetus. We presented three cases of pregnant women with positive SARS-CoV-2 antibodies serology on admission in Naval Hospital Marcílio Dias (HNMD), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Samples of umbilical cord blood was double positive (IgM and IgG) for one patient, double negative for one patient and positive for IgG and negative for IgM for third patient. Maternal and neonatal nasopharyngeal swab samples analyzed by PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was positive for two maternal patients and negative for all newborns tested. It was possible to detect the SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid and umbilical cord blood using the nested-PCR technics, thus being successfully evidenced transplacental transmission. We suggested that nasopharyngeal swab PCR test of neonates does not have a correlation with vertical transmission and thus, this molecular test is not useful for investigation of transplacental infection.
The Impact of Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin in Recurrent Ovarian Cancer : An Updated Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Li Xin-Ru , Zhu Yi , Zhang Guo-Nan , Huang Jian-Ming , Pei Li-Xia
Published: February 2021

Background: Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD) could improve the survival rate of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer in previous meta-analysis studies. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to further update the role of PLD in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer.Methods: Literature search was performed by using the electronic databases Medicine, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane library until 27 July 2020. We only restricted the randomized clinical trials. Study specific hazard ratios and 95% confidence level (HR/95% CI), risk ratios and 95% confidence level (RR/95% CI), were pooled using a random effect model. Results: 10 studies (12 trials) were included after screening of 940 articles. We categorized the eligible studies into two groups: the doublet regimens (four trials, 1767 patients) resulted that PLD plus carboplatin(carbo) provided superior progression free survival (PFS) (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74-0.97) and similar overall survival (OS) (HR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.88-1.14) compared PAC plus carbo. PLD plus carboplatin was associated with significantly more anemia and Thrombocytopenia, other side effects well-tolerated. In platin resistant patients, the monotherapy regimens (eight trials, 1980 patients) resulted that PLD had similar PFS (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.90–1.16) and OS (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77–1.01) to other monotherapies. PLD alone was more associated with mucositis/stomatitis and hand-foot syndrome, other side effects well-tolerated.Conclusion: In platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer, PLD plus carbo is more effective than PAC plus carbo. In platinum-resistant or refractory recurrent ovarian cancer, PLD has similar survival to others monotherapies. For side effects, PLD plus carbo or monotherapy chemotherapy both were well-tolerated.