bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Young Consumers' Remanufactured Products Purchase Intention Within Context of Extended Planned Behavior Theory
Authors: Burucuoglu Murat , Erdogan Evrim
Published: December 2018

In this chapter, remanufactured products which have an important place in closed-loop supply chains are examined. The study evaluates the motivation of young consumers who are in close contact with technology within context of extended planned behavior theory. The theoretical model of the research was developed on the basis of the planned behavior theory and the developed model was tested by an empirical study on Ondokuz Mayis University students. As a result of the research, the environmental concerns of young consumers, the environmental knowledge of remanufactured products, and the awareness of remanufactured products positively and significantly affect the attitude towards remanufactured products. The study indicates that attitude and subjective norm related to remanufactured products are positively and significantly affect remanufactured products purchase intention and perceived behavioral control has no significant effect on intent to purchase remanufactured products.
Effects of Sustainable Medical Waste Management on the Environment and Human Health
Authors: Sayan İlknur
Published: December 2018

The increase in the number of health institutions, developments in technology, and the use of devices and materials utilized in diagnosis and treatments have increased the types and amount of medical waste. Therefore, it has become a necessity to reduce the health problems, remove the risks that may arise for human health, and protect the environment by effectively managing the medical wastes that are the results of the activities of health institutions. Hazardous medical wastes that harm humans and environmental health are a risk factor for the whole society. For this reason, removal, collection, temporary storage, recycling, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes without harming people and the environment includes technical, administrative, and legal processes. This study summarizes the current literature for sustainable waste management, its relationship to environmental and human health, and international legislation on waste management.
Goldstein and Stephens Revisited and Extended to a Telehealth Model of Hearing Aid Optimization
Authors: Saunders Elaine , Brice Sophie , Alimoradian Roya
Published: December 2018

Tele-audiology practice is sometimes portrayed or practiced as an extension of conventional audiology practice, but in reality, it should be considered as a more flexible and innovative way of delivering hearing healthcare. It is likely to continue expanding beyond the bounds of conventional audiology into the future. This has far-reaching implications for clinical utility and client satisfaction. One important consequence is that tele-audiology is changing the way individuals are approaching their hearing health. In a connected economy, people are becoming more empowered in managing their health and are metamorphosing from patients, whose only option is to visit a clinical facility, to consumers with choices. There will still be a need for conventional audiology practices to manage more complex cases where medical diagnosis and intervention are involved, or where clients prefer face-to-face service, but this will be as part of a hearing health ecosystem where the consumer makes the choices drawing on a range of influencing factors. There is now substantial evidence from large-scale studies and clinical data that aspects of tele-audiology are prevalent within different service models and that the outcomes are at least as beneficial to the recipients as the outcomes from delivery of conventional audiology services in conventional audiology clinics. In addition to potential improvements to client outcomes, tele-audiology is already starting to improve access to hearing health services, reduce costs, and deliver social and economic benefits to society.
Apps for Hearing Healthcare
Authors: Paglialonga Alessia , Pinciroli Francesco , Tognola Gabriella
Published: December 2018

This chapter provides a picture of the evolution of mobile applications (apps) for hearing health care (HHC) in terms of availability, variety, penetration, offered services, and target users. Special emphasis is given to newly developed methods that might assist audiologists and hearing professionals to get meaningful information and guidance for informed adoption of apps for themselves as well as for patients and their families. The chapter also shows how these novel methods can be used to characterize and compare a variety of apps across a wide range of services and target user groups. A representative sample of apps, assessed by using such a standardized framework, is analyzed to derive a multifaceted picture of apps for HHC. The chapter outlines and discusses emerging trends and needs in the area and highlights the open challenges as well as potential opportunities for professionals, researchers, developers, and stakeholders at large.
Determination of shelf-life of Trichoderma asperellum  in solid- and liquid-based formulations
Authors: Kodithuwakku R. D. , Wijekoon W. M. R. W. B.
Published: December 2018

Trichoderma has gained attention as a promising bio-control agent owing to its effectiveness against a wide array of soil-borne plant pathogens. Successful introduction of bio-control agents to farmers is hindered mostly by unavailability of commercial preparation of Trichoderma bio-inoculate with a considerably higher shelf-life. The objectives of this investigation was to study the shelf-life of T. asperellum in selected liquid- and solid-based formulations and to find the suitability of cattle manure as a multiplication medium. Different carrier material including liquids and solids were tested for preparation of a commercial biological formulation of T. asperellum. The liquid carrier media tested in the present study were 1% sucrose, 1% peptone water, 1% tryptone broth, 1% tryptone soy broth and sterilized distilled water. Talc powder was tested as the solid carrier material. Cattle manure was incorporated with talc-Trichoderma formulation to check the suitability of cattle manure as a multiplying substrate. The initial spore count of each liquid formulation was maintained at 1.0x106 cfu/ml. At the end of 4th week, the mean viable spore counts of the tryptone broth, peptone water and tryptone soy broth used were 7.15x106 cfu/ml, 7.26x105 cfu/ml and 7.30x105 cfu/ml, respectively. From the 4th week onwards, the viable spore count of those three formulations could not be calculated due to heavy contaminations. In the 1% sugar solution and sterilized distilled water, spores were countable only till the end of 8th week of preparation and the counts were 2.5x104 cfu/ml and 2.6x103 cfu/ml, respectively. A talc-based formulation was prepared by mixing T. asperellum spore suspension (1.0x108 CFU/ml) with talc powder at three different levels (v/w); 30ml/100 g (T1), 40 ml/100 g (T2) and 50 ml/100 g (T3). Three months after storage, all the three treatments (T1, T2 and T3) yielded mean spore counts of 0.92x108 cfu/g, 1.11x108 cfu/g and 1.21x108 cfu/g, respectively. Talc powder inoculation with cattle manure was done at four different rates, i.e. 10 g/kg cattle manure (C1), 15 g/kg cattle manure (C2), 20 g/kg cattle manure (C3) and 25 g/kg cattle manure (C4). Cattle manure was identified as a potential multiplying substrate of the talc-based formulation of T. asperellum.
Spatial linkages of green chili prices between a dedicated economic centre and other regional markets in Sri Lanka
Authors: Sandaruwani K. G. I. H. , Kuruppu I. V. , Edirisinghe J. C.
Published: December 2018

This study assesses the green chili markets in Sri Lanka from 2012 to 2016 by examining the degree of market integration in the country. The analysis was carried out in the first differenced form, which conformed to the Augmented Dickey-Fuller tests of stationary. The pairwise comparison between Dambulla Dedicated Economic Centre (DDEC) and 25 other regional markets in Sri Lanka was carried out. All market pairs co-integrated with the price at DDEC in the long run according to the results of Johansen Co-integration test. Therefore, the DDEC has clearly played an important role in price discovery in the long run. Error correction terms indicated that the adjustment process from short-term disequilibrium in prices to long run price equilibrium is slow providing evidence of weak short run co-integration in green chili markets in Sri Lanka. Results revealed only six regional markets out of 25 had serial correlation in the short run. Negative coefficients of prices in the short term indicated that some unknown factors are playing predominant role in spatial price transmission such as sluggishness in market convergence and inappropriate involvement of middleman in the market chain. Farm gate to the collecting centre and collecting centre to the regional markets were identified as the main two points in the market channel where high price influence has occurred. A systematic government inspection and a strong market information system could prevent such short term price disequilibrium in the regional chili markets in Sri Lanka to a greater extent.
Editorial
Authors: Marambe Buddhi
Published: December 2018

No abstract available
Mettl3 Deficiency Sustains Long-Chain Fatty Acid Absorption through Suppressing Traf6-Dependent Inflammation Response
Authors: Zong Xin , Zhao Jing , Wang Hong , Lu Zeqing , Wang Fengqin , Du Huahua , Wang Yizhen
Published: December 2018

A better understanding of the molecular mechanism of intestinal fatty acid absorption could lead to novel approaches to treatment and prevention of fatty acid–related metabolic diseases. Although it is confirmed that absorption of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs) decreases during the pathological processes, the genetic basis and molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal modification on eukaryotic mRNA. Recently, m6A has been found to play important roles in inflammation and antiviral responses. In this study, we show that deficiency of Mettl3, the core methyltransferase of m6A, exerts antimalabsorption of LCFA activity in vitro through inhibiting the inflammation response mediated by LPS. To substantiate this finding further, we found the levels of triglycerides were also sustained in cells with depleted Mettl3, which were cultured in Transwell to polarize with villus formation to simulate the situation in vivo. Mechanistically, depletion of Mettl3 decreases the m6A level of Traf6 mRNA, thereby its transcripts are entrapped in the nucleus, followed by the decreased expression of Traf6, leading to the suppression of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway. Thus, the inflammation response was suppressed, resulting in the sustained absorption of LCFA. Moreover, we found that ectopic expression of Traf6 largely abolishes the sustained absorption LCFA in Mettl3 depletion cells. Collectively, silencing Mettl3 could sustain LCFA absorption through blocking the TRAF6-dependent inflammation response. Our work uncovers a critical function of m6A methylation and provides insight into critical roles of Mettl3 in LCFA absorption and inflammatory disease.
Systematic Design of Ka-band Transmitter Modules using the M3-Approach
Authors: Ndip Ivan , Tschoban Christian , Reyes Jacob , Curran Brian , Lang Klaus-Dieter
Published: December 2018

In this work, we present and illustrate a holistic approach, the M3-approach (methodologies, models, measures), for efficient and accurate design of Ka-band transmitter modules in earth stations on mobile platforms (ESOMPs) for satellite communication applications. We begin by applying this approach to derive the system specifications, considering the application and international regulatory requirements. Based on these specifications, we derive the system/transmitter architecture, and then specify the components of this architecture. Furthermore, we develop a concept for low-cost realization of the transmitter module, and a concept for testing the module. For the implementation of the realization concept, 3D full-wave electromagnetic-based models are developed at the packaging and component levels. To verify these models, test samples are fabricated and measured. Excellent correlation is obtained between measurement and simulation results. The verified models are applied to optimize the RF performance of the Ka-band transmitter components and modules.
Advanced Build-up Materials for High Speed Transmission Application
Authors: Tatsumi Shiro , Fujishima Shohei , Sakauchi Hiroyuki
Published: December 2018

Build-up process is a highly effective method for miniaturization and high density integration of printed circuit boards. Along with increasing demands for high transmission speed of electronic devices with high functionality, packaging substrates installed with semiconductors in such devices are strongly required to reduce the transmission loss. Our insulation materials are used in a semi-additive process (SAP) with low dielectric loss tangent, smooth resin surface after desmear, and good insulation reliability. Actually, the transmission loss of strip line substrates and Cu surface roughness impact on transmission loss were measured using our materials. Furthermore, low dielectric molding film with low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and low Young's modulus are introduced.
Low-fire Processing and Dielectric Properties of a Binary Crystallizable Glasses+alumina System
Authors: Tung Shih-An , Jean Jau-Ho
Published: December 2018

Crystallization kinetics and dielectric properties of a low-temperature, cofirable binary crystallizable glasses (CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CAS) and CaO-B2O3-SiO2 (CBS)) with alumina have been investigated. With alumina present, the bloating is minimized and wollastonite formed in the binary crystallizable glasses is replaced by anorthite. With increasing amount of anorthite formed in the ternary alumina+CAS glass+CBS glass dielectric composite, the dielectric constant remains relatively unchanged but the dielectric loss decreases as sintering is extended.
Zinc Oxide Nanowire Sensor Packaging
Authors: Kim Bruce , Cho Sang-Bock
Published: December 2018

This paper describes nano device packaging topology using array of ZnO nanowire-based devices. The single nanowire device has been fabricated through focused ion beam and e-beam lithography techniques while the SEM and EDAX analysis have been used to characterize the device. The IV characteristics of the ZnO nanowire-based array devices have been measured through a semiconductor parameter analyzer.
When Failure is not an Option – Packaging Materials and Technologies for the Reliable Protection of Medical Electronics
Authors: Zetterer Th. , Herzberg J. , Baehr J. , Waxman K.
Published: December 2018

Enabling high-level electrical performance and smooth optical signal transmission is a key requirement for microelectronics packaging materials. This becomes even more relevant for biomedical applications, in which protection requirements must be met alongside standard performance and signal transmission benchmarks. The major challenge: medical packaging must to provide absolute reliability. Microelectronic components face potentially damaging working environment hazards such as high humidity, extreme temperatures, corrosive chemicals, and bodily fluid – especially in the application cases of implantable, ingestible, and wearable devices.

Hermeticity is an important factor in the performance of medical packaging. Non-hermetic packaging, sometimes known as “quasi-hermetic” uses organic materials, such as silicone or plastic over-moldings, that are not designed to withstand extreme conditions and break down over time. Material break down in these types of packages can lead to limited protection by allowing permeation of water and other gases through the polymer structure. Non-hermetic packages typically reach critical permeation levels after a very short period of time. For microelectronic components, even the smallest, hardly detectable traces of hydrogen and water vapor inside a package can compromise the performance and reliability of the encapsulated chips and circuits and potentially lead to interconnect failure, one of the most common reliability failure modes in microelectronic applications.

The only way to overcome the challenge of achieving absolute reliability is by using hermetic packaging technologies with inorganic materials, such as glass, ceramics and metal. Unique manufacturing processes of these hermetic components create vacuum-tight seals that prevent moisture and harmful gases from penetrating into the package. Hermetically sealed packages deliver uncompromised reliability, offering long-term protection of sensitive electronics in medical devices – even after thousands of surgical procedures and steam sterilization cycles.

This technical presentation will introduce the different reliability levels of packaging materials and provide an in-depth comparison of the respective advantages, disadvantages, and typical application areas of various hermetic packaging technologies. The latest insights into materials and technologies available for high-reliability packaging of medical electronics will be presented.
Growth of Intermetallics at Coated Silver Wire Bond Interfaces
Authors: Murali Sarangapani , Jason Wong Chin Yeung
Published: December 2018

The newly developed gold (Au) coated silver (Ag) wire exhibits axi-symmetrical free air ball (FAB) formation under atmosphere similar to Au wire. FAB of coated Ag showed better corrosion resistance than FAB of alloyed Ag, as Au dissolved along the periphery of Ag FAB forming into a solid-solution, Ag-Au alloy. Composition of the solid-solution Ag-Au alloy along the periphery ranges between 10 and 28wt% of Au. The diffusion depth of Au is 4μm from surface towards the center of FAB. For precise measurement of the diffusion length of Au into Ag, a solid thin layer is been parted using focus-ion beam (FIB). The solid thin layer is further thinned down to observe in Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and analyzed using line scan energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) attached to it. Near the neck of FAB and wire, Au diffusion is high up to 58wt%. On thermal ageing at 150/175°C for 500/1000h, the coated Ag wire bonded to Al-0.5wt%Cu pad revealed no degradation on ball pull/shear. Bond interface revealed significant growth of silver aluminide (AgAl) to a thickness of 3μm for 1000h of ageing and the growth rate fits to square-root power law.
Glass Packaging for RF MEMS
Authors: Parmar Rajiv , Zhang Jay , Keimel Chris
Published: December 2018

In recent years, advancements in High Performance Computing and Photonics are driving towards high density semiconductor packaging requirements that are creating a need for the adoption of novel material sets. Glass has many attractive properties that help address product level challenges such as low height, and smaller, packages. Glass also offers high resistivity, low dielectric constant, adjustable coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), and low electrical loss. These properties can also be leveraged for RF and Mobile applications where battery life is paramount. To further utilize glass' material properties for interposers and compact substrates, it is necessary to form precision or Through Glass Vias (TGVs). Mobile cellular networks are rapidly evolving towards fifth generation (5G), which is set to exploit a wider spectrum of frequencies that range into millimeter wave (mmWave). RF MEMS technology is a promising approach to addressing RF Switches, which are key building blocks into Radio Frequency Front Ends (RFFE). In this paper, we show the usage of glass based packaging solutions and TGVs to offer low form factor, broadband RF MEMS switches.
THE IMPACT OF GLASS STYLE AND ORIENTATION ON THE RELIABILITY OF SMT COMPONENTS
Authors: Serebrini Maxim , Caswell Greg
Published: December 2018

Printed circuit board (PCB) glass style and orientation can have a significant influence on thermal cycling reliability of surface mounted components. DfR has conducted thermal cycling (−40°C to 125°C) tests on two PCB glass styles (1080 and 7628). The in plane and out of plane Coefficients of Thermal Expansion (CTE) were measured and found to be about 3–4ppm/°C different in the X-Y directions of the boards. To facilitate the reliability assessment of SMT component reliability four 0-ohm resistor sizes (2512, 1206, 0602 and 0402) were mounted on each board. Each board had 20 resistors with multiple orientations. The overall sample size consisted of 32 resistors of each size per glass style. In addition, the PCBs have two pad sizes. The purpose of these experiments was to develop a model for validating fatigue life predictions for different laminate materials. This paper will present the experimental structure, results of the stress tests and variables on the reliability of the chip components and insight into the development of appropriate models.
Perception of medical students to learning methods in internal medicine: A pilot survey from Northern Nigerian University
Authors: Ibrahim Aliyu , Kofar-Naisa Musa Bello
Published: December 2018

Medical education aims to produce graduates who have knowledge and problem-solving skills with the professional attitude necessary to function as a doctor. We evaluated the perception of clinical medical students to their learning environment in internal medicine. A cross sectional study conducted during the intermediate clerkship posting on Medical students of Bayero University, Kano using a 20-item self-administered questionnaire adopted from the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM). The internal consistency of the questionnaire was calculated using the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. Principal components analysis was used for data reduction and grouping using the varimax rotation method. One hundred and twenty clinical medical students of Bayero University, Kano participated in the study with a mean age ± SD of the respondents was 23.6±2.3 years. A higher proportion of the students (60.8%) were males. The internal consis tency of the 20-items questionnaire was 0.82 measured using the Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient. The mean perception score of the respondents to undergraduate learning environment in internal medicine was 42.3 (out of maximum of 60) which showed satisfaction with their learning environment. Perception of Male students was more positive compared to their female colleagues (43 vs. 41, P=0.836). Medical students perceived their learning environment in internal medicine as satisfactory, which buttress the need to further strengthen the curriculum, in order to prepare them for the enormous challenges of clinical practice.
Antibiotic susceptibility profile of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from acute respiratory infection in Dakar: a cross sectional study
Authors: Diop Abdoulaye , Camara Makhtar , Seck Abdoulaye , Dieng Assane , Diop Amadou , Fall Amary , Diop Cherif Ibrahima. Khalil , Boiro Djibril , Diouf Jean Baptisse Niokhor , Sene Ibrahima , Gueye Modou , Niang Mbayame , Boye Cheikh Saad Bouh
Published: December 2018

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a pathogen causing pneumonia, meningitis, otitis and bacteraemia. Nowadays, S. pneumoniae is developing antibacterial resistance, particularly for those with reduced susceptibility to penicillin. The objective of this study was to assess the susceptibility profile of S. pneumoniae strains isolated from acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children younger than 5 years of age in Dakar, Senegal. S. pneumoniae strains were isolated from broncho-alveolar lavages (BALs), nasopharyngeal swabs, and middle ear secretion from children in the Paediatric Department of Abass Ndao University Teaching Hospital and Paediatric Department of Roi Baudouin Hospital in Dakar, Senegal. The strains were cultivated on Columbia agar supplemented with 5% of horse blood and gentamicin (6 mg/L). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using E-test method. A total of 34 strains of S. pneumoniae were isolated and identified in this study, among them 7 strains (20.58%) showed penicillin-resistance. Antibiotics such as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (MIC90=0.036 μg/mL), cefuroxim (MIC90=0.38 μg/mL), cefixim (MIC90=1.5 μg/mL), as well as macrolides (azithromycin MIC90=1.5 μg/mL, clarithromycin MIC90=0.125 μg/mL) and fluoroquinolone (levofloxacin MIC90=1 μg/mL, ofloxacin MIC90=2 μg/mL) were mostly active. However, all S. pneumoniae strains were resistant to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (MIC90: 32 μg/mL). Except of S. pneumoniae strains penicillin-resistance or reduced susceptibility, most strains were susceptible to β-lactams antibiotics commonly used in ARI treatment. Continuous surveillance of antimicrobial resistance patterns of pneumococcus strains is still crucial for effective control of ARIs in children.
Oxygen-ozone therapy in dentistry: current applications and future prospects
Authors: Pulga Antonello
Published: December 2018

Starting from 2012, the dental research community began to assess the benefits of oxygen-ozone on human metabolism, for its immune-stimulant and anti-hypoxic action, the increase in protein biosynthesis and activation of angiogenesis. We report the case of a 69-year-old patient, for whom oxygenozone therapy was used as a treatment that could reduce the bone resorption of the alveolar ridges, considering the reduced state of hypoxia resulting therefrom, the improved neoangiogenesis and the positive effect on bone metabolism. The results exceeded our greatest expectations, given that the measurements even showed an increase in bone peaks.
Effects of oxygen-ozone therapy in the Roth syndrome: a case report
Authors: Romeo Alfredo , Baiano Carolina , Chierchia Marianna , Scandone Francesco
Published: December 2018

Meralgia paresthetica (MP) is a disesthetic and/or anesthetic syndrome in the distribution of the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. It is a compressive or traumatic mononeuropathy, characterized by burning pain and/or discomfort in the anterolateral thigh, without motor or muscle strength changes, with preserved reflexes. The authors report the case of a 52-year-old male with a history of low back pain presented from two-year sensory dysesthesias and paresthesias in the right anterolateral thigh, consistent with meralgia paresthetica; they also describe the first reported use of O2-O3 therapy to relieve the intractable pain associated with MP.
Assessing mentalization in psychotherapy: first validation of the Mentalization Imbalances Scale
Authors: Gagliardini Giulia , Gullo Salvatore , Caverzasi Edgardo , Boldrini Annalisa , Blasi Stefano , Colli Antonello
Published: December 2018

The aim of this study was to provide data on the preliminary validation of a clinician-report multidimensional assessment measure of mentalization (Mentalization Imbalances Scale, MIS). A random national sample of psychotherapists (N=190) completed the MIS to identify mentalization imbalances, and the Personality Disorder Checklist to assess the personality disorders (PDs) of randomly selected patients currently in their care. Factor analysis confirmed the presence of six factors that represented different imbalances of mentalization: cognitive, affective, automatic, external, imbalance toward others, and imbalance toward self. We found several significant relationships between patients’ mentalization imbalances and personality pathology. Paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal PDs were predicted by an imbalance toward self, an imbalance the patients shared with histrionic, avoidant, and obsessive compulsive PDs, whereas dependent, borderline, and histrionic PDs were related to an imbalance toward others. Cognitive imbalance was related to schizoid, narcissistic, and obsessive compulsive PDs, whereas affective imbalance predicted antisocial, borderline, narcissistic and histrionic PDs. Automatic imbalance was related to schizotypal, antisocial, and borderline PDs. MIS represents a reliable and valid measure that can help clinicians at understanding patients’ specific difficulties of mentalization.
Chrześcijanie i Europa jutra
Authors: Królikowski Janusz
Published: December 2018

Chrześcijaństwo wniosło głęboki wkład w ukonstytuowanie duchowej i kulturowej tożsamości Europy. Także dzisiaj jesteśmy powołani do tego, by właśnie jako chrześcijanie dać wymowne świadectwo naszej chrześcijańskiej obecności w Europie oraz dokonać jej odnowy i odbudowy. Także w teologii, która wniosła znaczący wkład w budowanie tożsamości europejskiej, musimy stawiać sobie pytanie o Europę jutra oraz wskazywać chrześcijanom sposoby uczestniczenia w jej kształtowaniu na miarę no- wych wyzwań. Co mamy więc wszyscy czynić w przyszłej Europie, jakie ma być w niej nasze miejsce, jakie jest nasze europejskie powołanie? W tym miejscu zwracamy uwagę na następujące zadania stojące przed chrześcijanami: kształtowanie pozytywnej wizji człowieka, powołanie metafizyczne rozumu, odkrycie na nowo wartości, które kształtowały Europę w ciągu wieków, przywrócenie zasady uniwersalizmu, czynny udział w dziejach świata oraz obrona humanizmu ściśle związanego z wiarą.

Christianity has contributed profoundly to the spiritual and cultural identity of Europe. Like in the past also today, as Christians we are appointed to bear meaningful testimony to our Christian inherence in Europe and to head for its renovation and reconstruction. Also in theology which has made a significant contribution to shape European identity, we have to ask about the Europe of tomorrow and show Christians how to participate in the process of shaping it so that it could face the challenges of tomorrow. What then shall we do in the future Europe? Where shall we find our place in it? What is our European vocation? Here we focus on the following tasks which Christians have to fulfill: the shaping of a positive vision of man, metaphysical vocation of the mind, rediscovering of the values which shaped Europe throughout the centuries, reestablishing of the principle of universalism, active participation in the history of the world and the defense of the humanism strictly connected with faith.
Wychowanie jako proces duchowy w koncepcji Sergiusza Hessena
Authors: Gołek Bartłomiej
Published: December 2018

Sergiusz Hessen to jeden z najwybitniejszych filozofów wychowania XX wieku, przedstawiciel pedagogiki kultury, autor koncepcji pedagogiki rozumianej jako filozofia stosowana. Rozumiał wychowanie jako proces duchowy, w którym realizuje się osobowość człowieka, a jednocześnie podtrzymywana jest ciągłość tradycji kulturowej. Jest ono procesem wprowadzania jednostki w świat ducha obiektywnego, w świat kultury. Szczególne miejsce w swojej koncepcji poświęcił Hessen zagadnieniu wychowania moralnego, które ma być momentem formalnym każdego oddziaływa- nia pedagogicznego. Nie ma ono nic wspólnego ze sztywnym i szkodliwym moralizowaniem – środkami wychowania moralnego nie są nakazy i słowa, ale wyłącznie czyny. Moralność, jak i cała osobowość, rozwija się na drodze rozwiązywania konkretnych zadań, dostosowanych do poziomu rozwojowego jednostki.

Sergius Hessen is one of the most prominent philosophers of the 20th century, he is a representative of cultural pedagogy, the author of the concept of pedagogy understood as an applied philosophy. He understood education as a spiritual process, in which he implements the human personality, and at the same time supporting continuity of cultural traditions. It is the process of an individual entering the world of objective spirit into the world of culture. Sergius Hessen devoted a special place in his concept, the issue of moral education, which is to be the moment of any formal pedagogical impact taking place. It has nothing to do with rigid and harmful moralizing – means of moral education are not commands and words, but only actions. Morality and so does the whole personality develops through solving specific tasks tailored to the developmental level of that individual.
Per assicurare una presenza di Gesù. Una lettura del concetto di sacerdozio in Dehon
Authors: Ecker Juan José Arnaiz
Published: December 2018

Aby zapewnić obecność Jezusa. Ujęcie kapłaństwa u o. Dehona
Z okazji 150. rocznicy święceń prezbiteratu o. Leona Dehona (1843-1925), artykuł podkreśla istotne punkty roli kapłaństwa w piśmiennictwie Dehona i jego charyzmatycznej realizacji w Zgromadzeniu, które założył. Określenie tego pojęcia przez poddanie go krytyce teologicznej uwidacznia pewne ograniczenia i rodzi pytanie, czy język kapłański używany przez Dehona odnosi się do wyjątkowej kontemplacji pełni misterium Jezusa Chrystusa, w której jako centralne ukazane jest wspólne kapłaństwo wiernych. Druga część artykułu analizuje konsekwencje dla tożsamości sercańskiej i przedstawia koncepcję „sercanina-kapłana” jako określenie, które najlepiej odzwierciedla to, co „proces charyzmatyczny” oferuje dzisiaj jako jedność powołania, tożsamości i przynależności.

To assure an presence of Jesus. A lecture of the concept of priesthood in Dehon
On the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the priestly ordination of Fr. León Dehon (1843-1925), this article highlights the relevant points of the role that the priesthood has in the written work of Dehon and in its charismatic fulfillment in the Congregation he founded. Determining the concept by subjecting it to theological criticism makes the limits of this approach evident, and raises the question whether the priestly language used by Dehon refers to a unique contemplation of the total mystery of Jesus Christ in which the common priesthood of the faithful is indicated as central. The second part examines the consequences for Dehonian identity and presents the concept of „Dehonian-priest” as the expression that best reflects what the „charismatic process” offers today as a unity of vocation, identity and belonging.
La restauración de la fachada plateresca del colegio mayor de San Ildefonso de la Universidad de Alcalá
Authors: De la Quintana Gordon José Luis , García de Miguel José María , Sáncehez-Barriga Fernández Antonio
Published: December 2018

Este colegio, fundado por el cardenal Cisneros en 1498 es el corazón de la Universidad de Alcalá. Su fachada es Monumento Nacional desde 1914. Las restauraciones del siglo XX permitieron conservarla, pero el deterioro de algunos materiales empleados en ellas, provocó 75 años después el desprendimiento de fragmentos de piedra con riesgo de accidente y de pérdidas irrecuperables en sus valiosas tallas y pátinas históricas. La última restauración (2016-2017) ha analizado los materiales y las técnicas con los que se edificó y restauró en la intervención histórica de principios del siglo XX. Desde entonces, se ha intervenido sobre ella para garantizar la conservación de sus diferentes tipos de piedra y de las pátinas preservadas en las zonas más resguardadas que, una vez recuperadas, ayudan a comprender mejor el carácter original de esta obra fundamental de la arquitectura plateresca española.
La Cruz de Cerrajería (Sevilla): historia, proceso degradativo, materiales y metodología de restauración
Authors: Alejandre Sánchez Francisco J. , Flores-Alés Vicente , Soler Núñez Pilar , León Calzado José
Published: December 2018

La Cruz de Cerrajería es un elemento urbano de culto elaborado con hierro forjado en 1692 por el maestro Sebastián Conde. Su exposición a los agentes ambientales, sus características estructurales y la inadecuada superposición de capas pictóricas han dado lugar a un importante proceso degradativo por corrosión. Técnicas de análisis instrumental (potenciometría, microscopía óptica y electrónica) han permitido identificar con exactitud las causas de deterioro, caracterizar el metal y evaluar su comportamiento ante los tratamientos de pasivación y estabilización. Se han podido de este modo argumentar experimentalmente las decisiones más adecuadas de cara a las actuaciones de restauración y protección frente a la corrosión, considerando las posibilidades de aplicación por la tipología y forma de las numerosas piezas que forman la Cruz de Cerrajería. El tratamiento objeto de estudio garantiza una protección adecuada, la evacuación del agua y previene los pares galvánicos.
Restoration of the Theatre of Marcellus, almost one hundred years later
Authors: Montanari Valeria
Published: December 2018

Las obras históricas de restauración del Teatro de Marcelo, que comenzaron en 1926 y terminaron a principios de los años treinta, representan de lleno el estado del debate sobre la disciplina de la restauración que se había generado en Italia en vísperas de la Conferencia de Atenas. De hecho, estas obras abordaron varios aspectos de la restauración, no sólo los arqueológicos (la excavación, la consolidación, la reconstrucción de partes que faltan) sino también los arquitectónicos, por ejemplo la cuestión de las estratificaciones y del entorno. En las obras de reconstrucción y de consolidación se utilizaron técnicas tradicionales con materiales antiguos y también contemporáneas (hormigón armado y hierro), evaluando lo más adecuado en cada caso y experimentando la mejor solución directamente en la obra.
La intervención como oportunidad para la gestión: la fachada plateresca de la Universidad de Alcalá
Authors: Da Casa Martin Fernando
Published: December 2018

Desde agosto de 2016 a abril de 2017, se realizó la restauración de la fachada renacentista de la Universidad de Alcalá, monumento nacional desde 1914. El objetivo de la intervención, además de poder recuperar las condiciones óptimas de conservación del conjunto, se plantea resolver de un modo integral otros aspectos (no técnicos de la propia obra), que la universidad considera de interés desarrollar dentro de su compromiso con la conservación del patrimonio. La intervención con una gran complejidad por los objetivos así como por la limitación económica, ha sido factible al plantearla como una oportunidad, y trabajar toda la operación bajo el prisma de la gestión del patrimonio, más allá de los aspectos estrictamente propios de la intervención técnica. La aplicación de tal concepción desde la fase proyectual ha permitido obtener el éxito en la actuación que se presenta en este documento.
Construcción de nueva planta en entornos rurales protegidos: el caso de Albarracín (España)
Authors: Baró Zarzo José Luis , De Haro Muñoz Miguel Ángel
Published: December 2018

El tamaño reducido de los núcleos rurales y su estrecha vinculación con el paisaje, la homogeneidad constructiva de su arquitectura, la tradición resiliente que custodian celosamente sus habitantes, y demás peculiaridades acentuadas en los entornos protegidos, sugieren la necesidad de plantear un debate específico a la hora de intervenir para colmatar vacíos sobrevenidos. El presente artículo pretende navegar en este mar a partir de la experiencia de intervención en el núcleo histórico de Albarracín (Teruel, España). En primer lugar, abordando la pertinencia o inoportunidad de reconstruir solares con escasos vestigios de su pasado. Y en segundo lugar, reflexionando sobre la manera de resarcir este vacío, entre la necesidad de integración para evitar distorsiones y, la voluntad de diferenciarse para evitar falsos históricos.
A força da cultura histórica: representações de estudantes brasileiros sobre heróis nacionais
Authors: Cerri Luis Fernando , Caimi Flávia Eloísa , Mistura Letícia
Published: December 2018

A história escolar, ao longo das últimas décadas, tem sido palco de profundas controvérsias quanto ao seu lugar nos sistemas educativos e ao seu papel na formação da consciência histórica dos jovens. No marco das culturas globalizadas, visualiza-se um crescente fascínio pelo passado e, paradoxalmente, coloca-se em questão se (e o que), de fato, podemos aprender com a História. O artigo ora apresentado resulta de um projeto internacional e interinstitucional intitulado Jovens e a História no Mercosul, tomando dados sobre a cultura histórica de estudantes secundaristas brasileiros, ao analisar os personagens da história que habitam suas representações sociais. Trata-se de buscar compreender as interpretações que os sujeitos fazem do passado, considerando as representações sociais como lugar de confluência entre a cultura, as práticas sociais, a memória coletiva e as suas identidades sociais. Os estudantes indicaram os três principais heróis nacionais em sua opinião, por ordem de importância, e os dados foram tratados pelo software Evoc 2000, com base no conceito de núcleo central da Teoria das Representações Sociais.
Source apportionment of the organic aerosol over the Atlantic Ocean from 53° N to 53° S: significant contributions from marine emissions and long-range transport
Authors: Huang Shan , Wu Zhijun , Poulain Laurent , van Pinxteren Manuela , Merkel Maik , Assmann Denise , Herrmann Hartmut , Wiedensohler Alfred
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Marine aerosol particles are an important part of the natural aerosol systems
and might have a significant impact on the global climate and biological
cycle. It is widely accepted that truly pristine marine conditions are
difficult to find over the ocean. However, the influence of continental and
anthropogenic emissions on the marine boundary layer (MBL) aerosol is still
less understood and non-quantitative, causing uncertainties in the estimation
of the climate effect of marine aerosols. This study presents a detailed
chemical characterization of the MBL aerosol as well as the source
apportionment of the organic aerosol (OA) composition. The data set covers
the Atlantic Ocean from 53∘ N to 53∘ S, based on four
open-ocean cruises in 2011 and 2012. The aerosol particle composition was
measured with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass
spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS), which indicated that sub-micrometer aerosol
particles over the Atlantic Ocean are mainly composed of sulfates (50 %
of the particle mass concentration), organics (21 %) and sea salt
(12 %). OA has been apportioned into five factors, including three
factors linked to marine sources and two with continental and/or
anthropogenic origins. The marine oxygenated OA (MOOA, 16 % of the total
OA mass) and marine nitrogen-containing OA (MNOA, 16 %) are identified as
marine secondary products with gaseous biogenic precursors dimethyl sulfide
(DMS) or amines. Marine hydrocarbon-like OA (MHOA, 19 %) was attributed
to the primary emissions from the Atlantic Ocean. The factor for the
anthropogenic oxygenated OA (Anth-OOA, 19 %) is related to continental
long-range transport. Represented by the combustion oxygenated OA (Comb-OOA),
aged combustion emissions from maritime traffic and wild fires in Africa
contributed, on average, a large fraction to the total OA mass (30 %).
This study provides the important finding that long-range transport was found
to contribute averagely 49 % of the submicron OA mass over the Atlantic
Ocean. This is almost equal to that from marine sources (51 %).
Furthermore, a detailed latitudinal distribution of OA source contributions
showed that DMS oxidation contributed markedly to the OA over the South
Atlantic during spring, while continental-related long-range transport
largely influenced the marine atmosphere near Europe and western and central
Africa (15∘ N to 15∘ S). In addition, supported by a solid
correlation between marine tracer methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and the
DMS-oxidation OA (MOOA, R2>0.85), this study suggests that
the DMS-related secondary organic aerosol (SOA) over the Atlantic Ocean could
be estimated by MSA and a scaling factor of 1.79, especially in spring.
Chemical ionisation quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrical discharge ion source for atmospheric trace gas measurement
Authors: Eger Philipp G. , Helleis Frank , Schuster Gerhard , Phillips Gavin J. , Lelieveld Jos , Crowley John N.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We present a Chemical Ionisation Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (CI-QMS) with radio-frequency (RF) discharge ion source through N2/CH3I as source of primary ions. In addition to the expected detection of PAN, peracetic acid and ClNO2 through well-established ion-molecule-reactions with I- and its water cluster, the instrument is also sensitive to SO2, HCl and acetic acid (CH3C(O)OH) through additional ion chemistry unique for our ion source. We present ionisation schemes for detection of SO2, HCl and acetic acid along with illustrative data sets from three different field campaigns underlining the potential of the CI-QMS with an RF discharge ion source as an alternative to 210Po. The additional sensitivity to SO2 and HCl makes the CI-QMS suitable for investigating the role of sulphur and chlorine chemistry in the polluted marine and coastal boundary layer.
Development of an incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectrometer for measurements of ambient glyoxal and NO2 in a polluted urban environment
Authors: Liang Shuaixi , Qin Min , Xie Pinhua , Duan Jun , Fang Wu , He Yabai , Xu Jin , Tang Ke , Meng Fanhao , Ye Kaidi , Liu Jianguo , Liu Wenqing
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We report the development of an instrument for simultaneous fast measurements of glyoxal (CHOCHO) and NO2 based on incoherent broadband cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy (IBBCEAS) in the 438–465 nm wavelength region. The highly-reflective cavity mirrors were protected from contamination by N2 purge gas. The reduction of the effective cavity length was calibrated by measuring collision-induced oxygen absorption at ∼477 nm of pure oxygen gas input with and without the N2 mirror purge gas. The detection limits of the developed system were evaluated to be 23 parts per trillion by volume (pptv, 2σ) for CHOCHO and 29 pptv (2σ) for NO2 with a 30-s acquisition time, respectively. A potential cross-interference of NO2 absorption on accurate CHOCHO measurements has been investigated in this study, as the absorption of NO2 in the atmosphere could often be several hundred-fold higher than that of glyoxal, especially in contaminated areas. Due to nonlinear spectrometer dispersion, simulation spectra of NO2 based on traditional convolution-simulation did not match the measurement spectra well enough. In this work, we applied actual NO2 spectral profile measured by the same spectrometer as a reference spectral profile in subsequent atmospheric spectral analysis and retrieval of NO2 and CHOCHO concentrations. This effectively reduced the spectral fitting residuals. The instrument was successfully deployed for 24 days of continuous measurements of CHOCHO and NO2 in atmosphere in a comprehensive field campaign in Beijing in June 2017.
Decadal impacts of nitrogen additions on temperate forest carbon sinks: A data-model comparison
Authors: Cheng Susan J. , Hess Peter G. , Wieder William R. , Thomas R. Quinn , Nadelhoffer Knute J. , Vira Julius , Lombardozzi Danica L. , Gundersen Per , Fernandez Ivan J. , Schleppi Patrick , Gruselle Marie-Cécile , Moldan Filip , Goodale Christine L.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. To accurately capture the measured impacts of nitrogen (N) on the land carbon (C) sink in Earth system models, model responses to both N limitation and ecosystem N additions (e.g., from atmospheric N deposition and fertilizer) need to be evaluated. The response of the land C sink to N additions depends on the fate of these additions – that is, how much of the added N is lost from the ecosystem through N loss pathways, or recovered and used to increase C storage in plants and soils. Here, we evaluate the C-N dynamics of the latest version of a global land model, the Community Land Model 5 (CLM5). Because the default version of CLM5 overestimated the magnitude of N inputs and losses compared to observations, we configured an adjusted version of CLM5 with more conservative assumptions about these fluxes. We then compared the short- (