bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glandular Cells in Sea Star Lymphoïd Organ: Axial Organ Tem Observations
Authors:   556 rue Isabelle Romée, Sandillon, France, Leclerc Michel
Published: January 2021

We recall, in this work, the presence of an epithelio-neural system in the sea star axial organ and a glandular one. Many vesicles (from 100 to 500 angstroms) with a more or less opaque content in electron microscopy, appear in these last cells
Does the Sea Star Discriminate Bence - Jones protein From Rat Igg as Antigens?
Authors:   556 rue Isabelle Romée, Sandillon, France, Leclerc Michel
Published: January 2021

Immunocompetent cells were described in the sea star Asterina gibbosa: they recognize specifically various antigens as HRP (Horse-radish peroxydase) ,Alkalin phosphatase, trypsin ....On the other hand when certain Asterina gibbosa were immunized with Bence-Jones protein , other ones with Rat IGG: a crossed immune reaction occurs. The potential sea star immune system is not broad enough to detect such antigens.
Corona and Other Virus: Their Useful and Harmful Aspects
Authors:   Microbial Biodiversity Directorate, Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, PO Box 30726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Gizaw Birhanu
Published: January 2021

How the single virus is forceful and shakes the world is eye witness during this contemporary COVID19 pandemic time. People primarily think of viruses such as HIV, Ebola, Zika, Influenza, Tobacco mosaic virus or whatever new outbreak like SARS, Corona are all viruses worst and non-beneficial. However, not all viruses are detrimental and influential to human, animal and plant health. In fact some viruses have beneficial properties for their hosts in a symbiotic relationship and scientific research in many disciplines. Understanding the microbial world is very critical and crucial thing that they are driving force and governing the physical world and biosphere at all. The virus and other microbial life those of bacteria, fungi, prion, viroid, viron are requiring great attention and research to enhance their utilization from majority of useful aspects of microbial genetic resource. The secret behind of every industry, agriculture, health and environment are the application of microbes and their products are too high for human being and environment. Without microbes all life would be cease on earth. However some microbes are very dangerous like Corona virus, HIV, Ebola, Mycobacterium and others that destroy human life, but majority of microorganisms are too useful to promote development. Through building and strengthening microbial culture collection centers and through strong conservation strategy, it is possible to exploit more from the unseen microbial genetic resource. This paper will review the harmful and use full aspect of virus in respect with health, environment, agriculture and biotechnological application during this Covid19 pandemic time to raise awareness about virus at all.
Medical Advice Through Mobil Phone During the COVID-19 Pandemia, June - July 2020 at Nicaragua
Authors:   Head and Neck surgeon, Independent Research Team, Managua, Nicaragua, Medrano Francisco , Castro Patricia ,   Epidemiologist, Managua, Nicaragua, Vásquez Jose Antonio ,   Gynecologist and Obstetrics, Managua, Nicaragua
Published: January 2021

In December 2019 an outbreak of pneumonia of unknown etiology emerged in Wuhan, China. World Health Organization named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) several health platforms have used the mobil phone as tool in different aspects and situations, the pandemia one of these. The golds this study is collection of epidemiological data and to ease medical advice using mobil phone during the pandemic by COVID-19 at Nicaragua. Method: Descriptive study, cohort. We reviewed the file of 5,712 phone call, during two months, using Interactive Voice Response (IVR) service to provide medical advice. Physicians trained with knowledge about COVID 19 according to WHO- PHO and John Hopkins University’s courses. Data collection realized with a format: call number, call duration, demographic data, symptoms, question about COVID 19, medical advice. The Information proceed using Excel office 2010, the univariable review realized with frequency and percentages. Results: During two months (June and July 2020) we received 5712 mobil phone call. The distribution for departments: 4264 (75%) correspondent to Managua, fallow of Masaya 336 (6%) Chinandega 220 (4%), Granada and León (3%) each one, the others minor to 1%. The female represented 3311(58%) and men 2401(42%) according who made the phone call. The distribution according age : 4035(70.6%) major of 30 years and 1677(29.4%) minor to 30 years Each day the ranges of mobil phone call were 110-120 , average 115 for day. Duration call 5-10 minutes, average was 8 minutes. The symptoms reported were: loss of smell and taste 53-52% respectively fallow of myalgia and fever. The medical advice relationship with the most frequent question about: Symptoms, medical treatment, frequent complications, family protection and mask use. Conclusion: Ours results as the international reports show the greatest utility to epidemiological data collection during a health emergency principally in vulnerable peoples and know a part of the behavior of disease in our country. Also have permitted to ease medical advice by health workers trained on the subject.
The Pathophysiology of COVID-19
Authors:   School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math, Dine College, Tsaile, AZ, USA, Angel de Soto Joseph , Hakim Shazia Tabassum ,   School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math, Dine College, Tsaile, AZ, USA, Boyd Frederick Tilghman ,   School of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math, Dine College, Tsaile, AZ, USA
Published: January 2021

Background: On Dec 19, 2019, the public health department of China reported that an outbreak of pneumonia was caused by a novel Coronavirus. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Department (WHO) declared a worldwide pandemic. Understanding the pathophysiology of the SARS-COV-2 virus is necessary for understanding the transmission, clinical presentation, associated risk factors, predicted outcomes, and provides guidance for treatment protocols. Methodology: A comprehensive PubMed search was performed utilizing the terms: COVID-19 in combination with the terms virulence (507), and/or pathophysiology (490) leading to 997 results. These results were then screened for relevance. Categorized, and evaluated under the auspices of making good pathophysiological sense. Results: The SARS-COV-2 virus is much more virulent than either the SAR’s or MER’s virus with its ability to cause serious disease inversely dependent on a person’s ability to produce T-cells. The ability to produce T-cells declines linearly until the age of 65. The ACE-2 receptor binding site does not vary among different ethnic groups, but initial evidence suggests there may be differences ACE-2 expression levels. This variance in expression level may explain different infectivity rates but not clinical outcome. The clinical outcome seems more related to the cytokine storm. Obesity, asthma, and COPD may decrease one’s likelihood of being infected but increases the morbidity rates once infected along with poor diet, hypertension, diabetes, and immunodeficiency. Conclusions: The underlying pathophysiology of COVID-19 explains not only the virulence, and clinical presentation, and suggest adverse clinical responses are related to dysregulation of the immune response.
Study of the Safety and Efficacy of the Hydroxychloroquine Protocol against COVID-19 in Algeria: Experience of the Gynaecology Department of the EHU Oran
Authors:   EHU Pharmacovigilance Service Oran, Algeria, H Toumi , FZ Sharif ,   EHU Pharmacovigilance Service Oran, Algeria, S Mansur ,   EHU Pharmacovigilance Service Oran, Algeria
Published: January 2021

In Algeria, the Scientific Council of the Ministry of Health has decided on the hydroxychloroquine protocol for the treatment of patients with COVID-19, as the hydroxychloroquine molecule has not been the subject of a randomized clinical trial and the therapeutic evidence remains uncertain. The safety of hydroxychloroquine remains dependent on a study to secure and evaluate the efficacy of this protocol in the management of COVID- 19 infection. This is a prospective study of 55 patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in the gynaecology department at EHU Oran for a period of one month and confirmed by RT-PCR or thoracoabdominal CT scan. The safety indicator and therapeutic evaluation were based on active reporting of protocol adverse events. In conclusion, the COVID-19 therapeutic protocol is not devoid of adverse effects, even though it brings a benefit, whereas during our study some patients who did not benefit from the protocol showed the same remission rate.
Case Report on Reinfection Case of COVID-19
Authors:   Medical Intern, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia, Meqbel Abdulwahab
Published: January 2021

Background: The degree of protective immunity conferred by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is currently unknown. As such, the possibility of reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 is not well understood. We describe an investigation of two instances of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the same individual. Methods: A 24-year-old man who was a resident of Harjah Governorate in the KSA, Region of Aseer presented to health authorities on two occasions with symptoms of viral infection, once at a community testing event in June, 2020, and a second time to the hospital in the September, 2020. Nasopharyngeal swabs were obtained from the patient at each presentation and Two Times during follow-up. Nucleic acid amplification testing was done to confirm SARSCoV-2 infection. We did next-generation sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs. Sequence data were assessed by two different bioinformatics methodologies. A short tandem repeat marker was used for fragment analysis to confirm that samples from both infections came from the same individual. Findings: The patient had two positive tests for SARS-CoV-2, the first on June 24, 2020, and the second on September 19, 2020, separated by one negative test done during follow-up in July, 2020. Genomic analysis of SARS-CoV-2 showed genetically significant differences between each variant associated with each instance of infection. The second infection was symptomatically more severe than the first. Interpretation: Genetic discordance of the two SARS-CoV-2 specimens was greater than could be accounted for by short-term in vivo evolution. These findings suggest that the patient was infected by SARS-CoV-2 on two separate occasions by a genetically distinct virus. Thus, previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 might not guarantee total immunity in all cases. All individuals, whether previously diagnosed with COVID-19 or not, should take identical precautions to avoid infection with SARS-CoV-2. The implications of reinfections could be relevant for vaccine development and application.
DETERMINANTS OF ADOPTION OF E-PROCUREMENT PRACTICES: A CRITIQUE OF LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Waithaka Robert Kariuki , Kimani John G.
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This study proposes sought to determine factors influencing the adoption of e-procurement practices.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps. The study adopted a desktop literature review method (desk study). This involved an in-depth review of studies related to factors influencing the adoption of e-procurement practices. The search was done generally by searching the articles in the Article title, abstract, keywords. A second search involved fully available publications on the subject of e-procurement practices. The third step involved the selection of fully accessible publications. The drawing and interpretation of research findings and sense which is not a quantitative impact evaluation, was important in this context, which implies that qualitative and thematic analysis was most suitable in this study.

Findings: From the study, it was noted that E-procurement has not been fully adopted by all the agencies. Further, E-security, staffing, user acceptance and top management support were the factors that were found to be influencing adoption of e-procurement. Top management support and E-security are the major influence of E-procurement adoption especially in the public sector.

Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that Top management support among the organizations should set goals, strategies and baselines that are necessary for the adoption of the E-procurement and follow up to ensure implementation. The study also recommended that due to the sensitivity of the data and the legal nature of orders and payments, security of data should be enhanced. Organizations should create personalized technology systems that create a demand adaptation of ICT at every level of the organizational operations
COMPARATIVE META-ANALYTIC EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF SUPPLY CHAIN INTEGRATION ON PERFORMANCE: A DETAILED PERSPECTIVE OF MODERATOR AND MEDIATOR ANALYSIS
Authors: Singine Augustine Castro , Ungan Mustafa Cahid
Published: January 2021

In an environment with ever changing customers’ needs and intensifying global competition, quality processes and supply chain (SC) are critical for organisational success. To satisfy customers, outsmart competition and improve performance, contemporary organisations are trying to improve on their processes through integrated supply chains.

In an attempt to address this question and effectively contribute to this topic, a comparative meta- analytical evaluation along with key moderator and mediator analysis was conducted. In the lens of many theories, SCI from two perspectives; SCID (internal, suppliers, customer integration) with 67 studies and SCIF (information, operational, relational integration) with 25 studies was assessed on overall performance as well as on both operational and business performance. A quantitative meta-analysis based on Hunter and Schmidt (2004) which was performed through Jamovi, revealed the following: The meta-analysis results which were obtained through Jamovi provided significant correlation coefficients for SCID and SCIF respectively (ř = .476, p <.002) and (ř =.508, p <.001). Therefore, indicating that the association between SCID and performance is medium and positive, while that of SCIF and performance is positive and large. This is a clear indication that SCI from the perspective of SCID and SCIF yields different results, with SCIF having a relatively large effect. Moreover, on average SCIF both at aggregate and individual level has a slightly large effect on performance than SCID. Operational performance was the most influenced by SCID and SCIF, although operational and relational integration indicated a significant larger effect on business performance. Thus, individual SCID and SCIF constructs have different effects on business and operational as overall performance. All moderators though with different levels of interactions indicated a significant effect on both SCID and SCIF. Of the three mediators tested, customer integration had a 32% negative effect, SC agility showed an 89.1% full mediation effect with flexibility indicating a 53% significant effect.
EFFECT OF SPACING ON GRAIN YIELD AND ABOVE GROUND BIOMASS OF COWPEA
Authors: Galwab Armara Macimiliam , Kamau Prof. Peter
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of spacing on grain yield and above ground biomass of cowpea.

Methodology: A randomized complete block design was used. Field experiments were conducted. The study was conducted at Agriculture demonstration farm (Dakabaricha) and Yayo’s farm(Nagayo) and a private farm Demo farm. There were 18 treatment combinations consisting of three water harvesting techniques and two intra-row spacing.

Results:Tied ridges with cross bars at 2.5m interval with the spacing of 60 x 20cm (W3 /S1) and open ridges with a spacing of 60 x 20cm (W3/S1) recorded the highest grain yield of 1408 kg/ha and 1296 kg/ha respectively.

Unique  Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy:An assessment of adaptation of more cowpea genotypes at different environments across years is recommended. The investigation provided sufficiently evidence to continue with further studies.
Kết quả phẫu thuật kết hợp xương sườn gãy bằng tấm nẹp vít tại Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức
Authors: Uoc Nguyen Huu , Anh Nguyen Viet , Truong Nguyen Van , Lu Pham Huu
Published: January 2021

Tổng quan: Gãy xương sườn là tổn thương chính trong chấn thương ngực, hầu hết chỉ điều trị bảo tồn. Trường hợp gãy nhiều xương, gãy di lệch nhiều thì có chỉ định phẫu thuật cố định xương gãy. Có nhiều kỹ thuật mổ, trong đó cố định bằng tấm nẹp vít là phổ biến nhất. Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức đã bắt đầu ứng dụng phương pháp này từ năm 2018. Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá kết quả ban đầu của phương pháp. Đối tượng phương pháp: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang tiến cứu trên các bệnh nhân chấn thương ngực phức tạp, được chỉ định và thực hiện phẫu thuật cố định ổ gãy xương sườn bằng tấm nẹp vít loại RibFixBlu, và đánh giá kết quả sớm sau mổ, từ tháng 1/2018 đến tháng 3/2020. Kết quả: Bao gồm 22 bệnh nhân, tuổi 45,3 ± 13,1 (23–68), nam chiếm 68,2 %. Khá nhiều chấn thương ngực thể nặng: mảng sườn di động bên 40,9% (9 ca), biến dạng lồng ngực 54,5% (12 ca). Số xương sườn gãy gãy phát hiện được trên chụp CLVT là 8,86 ± 3,53 xương / 1 bệnh nhân (6–19), cao hơn có ý nghĩa (p<0,05) so với phim X quang ngực thẳng, nhưng tương đương nhau đối với các xương sườn 4-6. Chỉ số xương sườn gãy (RFS) hầu hết đều ở mức độ 3-4. Thời gian phẫu thuật trung bình là 98,5 ± 12,5 phút (82 – 130). Số lượng xương được kết hợp trung bình là 3,1 ± 1,03 xương, nhiều nhất là 6 xương cho bệnh nhân bị gãy 19 xương, đa số ở cung bên xương sườn 4 - 7, trong đó có 100% ở xương sườn 5 và 81,8% ở xương sườn 6. Không có các biến chứng đáng kể nào trong khi mổ. Hiệu quả giảm đau sau mổ được thấy rõ ở hầu hết các bệnh nhân. Kết quả sớm: khỏi không có biến chứng 86,4% (19 ca), 2 ca xẹp phổi và 1 ca viêm phổi; thời gian nằm viện 12,2 ± 4,9 ngày (8-25); không có ca nào tử vong trong nhóm nghiên cứu. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật kết hợp xương sườn gãy bằng tấm nẹp vít là phương pháp an toàn và hiệu quả. Chỉ định phẫu thuật được chọn lựa cẩn thận và đảm bảo tính hợp lý dựa trên triệu chứng lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng. Cần có nghiên cứu so sánh với nhóm điều trị bảo tồn, cũng như đánh giá hiệu quả lâu dài của phẫu thuật.
The Clinical Applications of Serum and Urinary Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Eapen Renu S , Lonergan Peter E , Bagguley Dominic , Ong Sean , Condon Ben , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Meng Maxwell V
Published: January 2021

At every stage of the prostate cancer journey from screening and diagnosis to management of advanced disease, patients and clinicians face dilemmas and decisions that can impact long-term outcomes. Although traditional risk stratification in prostate cancer is based on serum prostate specific antigen, clinical stage and Gleason score, in recent years, biomarkers have been developed that may be useful in several clinical scenarios. Biomarkers that can accurately predict an individual patient’s risk, prognosis, and response to specific treatments could lead to improvements in decision-making and clinical care. Although there is evidence to support the use of biomarkers to guide management decisions, the optimal scenario in which to use them, how to interpret the results, and how to incorporate those results into clinical decision-making can be confusing. Nevertheless, in the era of personalized and precision medicine, it is important for clinicians to be aware of what tests are available, what clinical questions they seek to answer, and what limitations they have. This review focuses on the serum and urine biomarkers for the management of prostate cancer that have been under intense investigation in recent years.
Urinary-Based Markers for Bladder Cancer Detection
Authors: Todenhöfer Tilman , Lodde Michele , van Kessel Kim , Pichler Renate , Vlahou Antonia , Lotan Yair
Published: January 2021

Background The use of urine markers for diagnosis and surveillance has been a topic of broad interest and ongoing controversies in the management of patients with bladder cancer. There has been a constant quest for markers that demonstrate clinical utility.
Aim In the framework of the International Consultation on Urological Diseases 2019 on Molecular Biomarkers in Urologic Oncology, a comprehensive review of literature on urinary biomarkers for bladder cancer has been performed.
Results Currently available urinary markers include protein-based markers, RNA-based markers, and DNA-based markers. The introduction of high-throughput analysis technologies provides the opportunity to assess multiple parameters within a short period of time, which is of interest for RNA-based, DNA-based, and protein-based marker systems. A comprehensive analysis of molecular alterations in urine samples of bladder cancer patients may be of interest not only for diagnosis and surveillance but also for non-invasive longitudinal assessment of molecular, potentially therapy-relevant, alterations. However, most systems lack prospective validation within well-designed trials and have not been broadly implemented in daily clinical practice.
Conclusions Because of limited data from prospective trials, the routine use of any urine marker except cytology is not considered as standard of care in international guidelines. There is an urgent need for prospective trials of urine markers to answer specific clinical questions.
The Clinical Applications of Tissue Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lonergan Peter E , Washington Samuel L , Meng Maxwell V , Eapen Renu S
Published: January 2021

The clinical course of localized prostate cancer varies widely, from indolent disease unlikely to need treatment to aggressive disease requiring intensive, multimodal therapy. Traditionally, treatment decisions have been based on clinical and pathologic factors, including serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), clinical stage, and Gleason score. However, these factors have limited ability to describe the underlying tumor biology. Tissue-based genomic tests have emerged as a promising tool to more accurately characterize prostate cancer biology and predict clinical course. Using prostate cancer tissue obtained at pre-treatment biopsy or radical prostatectomy, these tests exploit the expression of specific genes involved in key biological pathways and, as a result, have the potential to aid clinical decision-making. The current review summarizes available data describing the clinical use of 5 commercially available tissue-based genomic assays in a number of clinical scenarios.
Circulating Tumour DNA as a Biomarker Source in Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wyatt Alexander W , Vandekerkhove Gillian
Published: January 2021

Tumour molecular features are increasingly linked to treatment response and patient prognosis in advanced prostate cancer. Plasma cell-free circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) isolated from a minimally invasive blood draw offers a convenient source of tumour material to develop clinical biomarkers. Importantly, the burden of ctDNA in the blood has strong prognostic implications at different points during the natural history of metastatic progression. In prostate cancer, the identification of somatic profiles from ctDNA requires a broad next-generation sequencing approach because of the low mutation rate and frequent structural rearrangements. Nevertheless, comparison of genomic profiles between liquid and tissue biopsies has demonstrated that ctDNA is a surrogate for tumour tissue in the metastatic setting. Our understanding of resistance to androgen receptor (AR) directed therapies has been significantly augmented by the frequent detection of AR gene amplifications, mutations, and structural rearrangements via liquid biopsy. Furthermore, early studies suggest that distinct molecular subtypes derived from ctDNA profiling can help determine the optimal therapeutic regimen for an individual patient and enable real-time monitoring for therapy response and resistance. Indeed, in clinical trials targeting the DNA damage repair pathway in prostate cancer, ctDNA-based assessment of DNA repair status is already under evaluation as a predictive biomarker. Recent advances in the study of circulating DNA fragments now make it possible to interrogate aspects of the epigenome. In this review, we describe the various applications of plasma ctDNA in metastatic prostate cancer, including its potential role as a clinically informative liquid biomarker.
Going Global
Authors: Black Peter
Published: January 2021

The SIU Journal has officially arrived! We are proud to present Volume 1, Issue 1—the starting point for all journals, big and small. For the SIUJ this is the first step on the road to becoming part of the global urologic fabric, delivering high quality urologic research to an audience around the world.
Enfoque, contenido y marco legal de la regionalización en Ecuador
Authors: Campuzano Vásquez John Alexander
Published: January 2021

Este trabajo de investigación hace un acercamiento a los fundamentos teóricos, políticos y económicos que llevan a la creación de regiones o agrupamientos territoriales en el mundo. La literatura es extensa en el tema por lo que se recogen los principales enfoques existentes en América Latina considerando las distintas corrientes económicas en primera instancia hasta avanzar a las actuales concepciones de agrupamiento territorial. Se vincula este recorrido a la propuesta legal que tiene el Ecuador en su Constitución considerando la urgencia de aclarar la mejor forma de organización territorial, al tener implicaciones productivas, sociales, culturales y políticas. A modo de conclusión, se encuentra que los factores políticos e ideológicos se han superpuesto a los análisis económico – territoriales con lo que el trabajo de unión de territorios queda inconcluso, al no tener una clara definición del Estado poli-céntrico que plantea SENPLADES como ente técnico de la planificación en Ecuador.
Implementación de un prototipo como sistema detector de intrusos para detectar ataques dirigidos al protocolo ipv6 desarrollado con herramientas open source
Authors: Caiza Méndez Diego Gustavo , Cisneros Barahona Andrés Santiago , Méndez Naranjo Pablo Martí , Villa Yánez Henry Mauricio
Published: January 2021

El trabajo de investigación incrementó la seguridad de la red local mediante la detección de ataques dirigidos al protocolo IPv6 que pueden comprometer la confidencialidad, integridad y disponibilidad. Se compararon los indicadores considerados en las variables y se aplicó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial para la demostración de la hipótesis. Las herramientas software utilizadas fueron: Virtual Box que permitió la virtualización de las distribuciones Linux, Security Onion distribución especializada en sistemas detectores de intrusos, Snort como motor del sistema detector, Graylog como gestor de logs IPv6, la suite TCHIPv6 como generador de trafico IPv6 malicioso y Wireshark como herramienta de análisis de tramas del tráfico IPv6. Se desarrolló, implementó y comparó los resultados obtenidos al trabajar sobre la red local de la Facultad de Informática y Electrónica de la ESPOCH, entre los prototipos I (Security Onion utilizando las reglas personalizadas y acoplado el módulo de gestión de logs) y II (Security Onion utilizando las reglas oficiales de Snort).  Se concluye que el sistema propuesto detecta y gestiona las alertas de intrusión mejorando el nivel de seguridad dentro de la red local.
Evaluación de la capacidad antioxidante de extractos de hojas de tres variedades de Mangifera indica L.
Authors: Diaz Torres Raul , Jacqueline Carrillo Tomalá Celeste Jacqueline , Zambrano Sancán Jenny Lorayni , García Águila Mayra Alejandra , Triana Ramíre Estefanía Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

Introducción: El mango (Mangifera indica L) es un cultivo importante, siendo conocida la capacidad antioxidante de la fruta y la corteza del árbol, propiedades dependientes de la variedad y forma de extracción, pero las hojas no han sido suficientemente estudiadas. El objetivo fue seleccionar la variedad de mango, forma de extracción, solvente y concentración que permitiera extraer la mayor cantidad de compuestos potencialmente bioactivos. Materiales y métodos: se seleccionaron tres variedades de mango (Tommy Atkins, Haden y Edward) muestreadas aleatoriamente y se separaron las hojas, que fueron secadas, trituradas y almacenadas protegidas de la luz. Cada muestra fue extraída (maceración y digestión) con tres concentraciones hidroalcohólicas y diferentes solventes (hexano, éter dietílico y acetona). Se evaluaron el rendimiento y el contenido de sustancias fenólicas (Folin Ciocalteu) y la capacidad antioxidante (método DPPH). Los resultados se procesaron mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS. Resultados: Con maceración se obtuvo el mayor rendimiento, el tipo de solvente utilizado influye significativamente en el rendimiento de los extractos obtenidos, siendo mayor en las disoluciones hidroalcohólicas; con la maceración con disolución hidroalcohólica al 90% se obtuvo mayor concentración de compuestos fenólicos, pero la mayor capacidad antioxidante se obtuvo por digestión con  disolución al 50%. En cuanto a variedades, la Tommy Atkins resultó la de mayor cantidad de compuestos fenólicos. Conclusiones: es posible obtener un extracto rico en compuestos bioactivos de cualquiera de las variedades, pero la concentración de compuestos polifenólicos y la capacidad antioxidante dependen de las condiciones de extracción.
Cuantificación de ácido ascórbico en pimientos comercializados en la zona 7 del Ecuador aplicando voltamperometría
Authors: Garcia Carlos , Romero Hugo , Ayala Humberto , Lapo Byron , Lam Adriana , Moreno Alexander
Published: January 2021

El propósito de la presente investigación, es cuantificar el ácido ascórbico por métodos electroquímicos de pimientos comerciales de la zona 7 del Ecuador, que comúnmente llegan al mercado Mayorista de la ciudad de Machala. Para este análisis se determina la intensidad de corriente reflejada por cada pico de oxidación en micro amperios (µA); requiriéndose la utilización de un electrodo (carbono vítreo, plata Cloruro de plata y platino), en esta experimentación cada una de las muestras se extrae 5 ml. de zumo de pimiento verde, se analiza por triplicado con la adición de un electrolito de NaNO3/HNO30,1M y una solución patrón de ácido ascórbico en orden ascendente (5, 12, 17, 25, 35 ml.). Mediante el Potenciostato se obtiene lecturas de picos de intensidad de corriente, se elaboró una curva de calibración, obtuvimos resultados de concentración, se aplica el método estadístico de regresión lineal ANOVA (análisis de varianza de un factor), los resultados obtenidos muestran diferencias significativas superiores de concentración de AsA en pimientos verdes de: Sta. Isabel Criollo (82,700 mg/100 g), Arenillas Criollo (101,886 mg/100 g), Lojano Grueso (102,212 mg/100 g), Guayas Grueso (125,954 mg/100 g), Palmales - Salvador (150,296 mg/100 g), Oña Grueso (158,447 mg/100 g), Sta. Isabel Orgánico (174,269 mg/100 g). Con los resultados de la presente investigación se concluye que el pimiento que se comercializa en la zona 7 del Ecuador es una fuente importante de ácido ascórbico capaz de satisfacer las necesidades básicas diarias recomendadas de este antioxidante en la alimentación humana.
Concepción pedagógica para la enseñanza de lengua, centrada en la comprensión, análisis y producción del discurso
Authors: Barrera Jimenez Ana Delia , Quintero de Chacón Gisela , Hernández Amaro Luis Enrique , Cárdenas Cordero Nancy Marcela
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo fundamentar una concepción pedagógica, que favorezca la enseñanza de la lengua, centrada en los procesos de comprensión, análisis y producción del discurso, a partir de estrategias de intercambio académico entre la universidad y la escuela. Para ellos se realizó una  investigación con un enfoque cualitativo, con énfasis en un estudio de carácter descriptivo, en la que resultaron clave los métodos del nivel teórico, empírico y estadístico utilizados, a partir de cuya aplicación se constataron limitaciones existentes en la Educación General Básica, en relación con el trabajo a favor de la lengua desde la perspectiva de una didáctica del habla, así como la falta de intercambio entre las instituciones y la universidad en pos de resolver tales insuficiencias. La concepción pedagógica propuesta articula el accionar de la universidad Nacional de Educación (UNAE) con las instituciones de la comunidad, en la que se precisan acciones que involucran los colectivos de asignaturas de lengua, la práctica pre - profesional y la educación continua, por lo que se arriba a la conclusión de cuan pertinente resulta que la universidad tenga un papel activo en dichas instituciones, en virtud de favorecer a la actualización de los docentes desde el punto de vista teórico y metodológico y con ello a perfeccionar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje que en ellas se lleva a cabo.
Comportamiento de la azolla (Azolla spp.) bajo diferentes condiciones ambientales y de manejo
Authors: Rivera Leonor Margarita
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación denotan resultados preliminares, el mismo que tuvo como objetivo demostrar las condiciones óptimas de desarrollo de la Azolla  sp, para su uso como alimento biológico alternativo para diferentes especies como peces, aves, cerdos entre otros. Para ello se hicieron pruebas en diferentes condiciones ambientales. Se establecieron cuatro tratamientos con cuatro réplicas, los cuales consistieron en aplicar azolla con sustrato sólido húmedo, sustrato líquido con techo, sustrato líquido sin techo, sustrato sólido húmedo sin techo. Como resultados hasta el momento de éste trabajo, se puede indicar que el mejor medio de desarrollo de crecimiento de la azolla es el tratamiento con sustrato sólido húmedo y bajo techo.
A escrita do exílio como um discurso sobre o ausente, em On Canaan’s Side, de Sebastian Barry
Authors: Abrantes Elisa Lima
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo discuto a questão do exílio no romance On Canaan’s Side (2011), tecendo considerações sobre o sujeito diaspórico desenvolvidas por Silviano Santiago (1978), Homi Bhabha (1995) e Edward Said (2003). O romance é uma autobiografia de uma personagem de ficção, cuja história pessoal se entrelaça a episódios traumáticos da história da Irlanda e dos Estados Unidos, país em que a protagonista vive exilada desde a década de 1920. A meu ver, a prática historiográfica nomeada micro-história (Ginzburg; 2006) assemelha-se ao tipo de história que Sebastian Barry escolhe contar, bem como a escrita da história como um discurso sobre o ausente (Certeau; 2011), usada alegoricamente pelo autor no romance.
Posthumanity in DeLillo’s Zero K: the rising connections between identity and technology
Authors: Casteluber Alan Medeiros , Fernandes Giséle Manganelli
Published: January 2021

In Zero K, DeLillo revisits the ever-increasing connection between identity and technology However, he does so in a unique way, adding (im)mortality issues to an already complex mix. As a result, DeLillo not only explores the intricacies of our present context, but also provides a bleak picture of what could be our posthuman future. This paper examines how DeLillo’s fiction reveals subjectivity in our current post-modern society. The focus of this investigation gravitates specifically to the interference of a technological influx that overtakes contemporary life. It analyzes the process by which our interdependence in machines, electronic devices, and its systems has made them an extension of our own body. Pushing the boundaries of this relationship to an extreme, the book explores the distorted view of technology as “another God”, but, unlike the other gods, it actually "delivers” salvation.
Fetishized writing in The English Patient and Atonement film adaptations
Authors: Costa Cynthia Beatrice
Published: January 2021

Reading and writing-related objects, whether in the form of books, letters,or typewriters, are central elements in the films The English Patient,by Anthony Minghella (1996), and Atonement, by Joe Wright (2007),both adapted from novels. By drawing similarities between these twoadaptations (Hutcheon 2013; Elleström 2017), the present text illustrateshow written words and writing-related objects can be cinematicallyfetishized (Apter 1991; Mulvey 1996). It also suggests why, despite beingcapable of existing as autonomous creations, both films proudly maintaina tight connection with their source novels, thus standing as purposefuldoubles.
Do teatro ao museu de horrores: estratégias de autorreflexividade no seriado de televisão Penny Dreadful
Authors: Fernandes Auricelio Soares
Published: January 2021

contemporânea, abordado por Jason Mittell (2012), que elege a autorreflexividade como um dos elementos complexos na narrativa televisual dos séculos XX e XXI, este artigo objetiva discutir os elementos metaficcionais e autoconscientes no seriado de televisão anglo-americano Penny Dreadful. Assim, escolhemos analisar estratégias de performance e simulação que atuam através de dois espaços ficcionais na série, o teatro e o museu de cera, além de outros elementos que materializam o discurso autorreflexivo do programa televisivo ao longo de duas temporadas. Os estudos de Jost (2007, 2012), Eco (1989), Schechner (2013), Lee e King (2016), entre outros, serviram como base teórica e crítica para esta investigação.
RENAL VEIN THROMBOSIS AT HIGH ALTITUDE
Authors: Arshad Abdul Rehman , Islam Farrukh , Qayyum Mohsin
Published: January 2021

Though risk of venous thromboembolism in increased at high altitude, involvement of renal veins is rare. A 27-year-old soldier was evacuated from a height of 18000 feet after developing flank pain and haematuria. Ultrasound showed an enlarged left kidney and lack of flow in proximal renal vein. CT scan confirmed the presence of renal vein thrombus. Serum IgM Anti β-2 Glycoprotein I antibodies, IgG Anti β-2 Glycoprotein I antibodies and IgM anticardiolipin antibodies were detectable and the former two were present after three months also. Secondary causes of antiphospholipid syndrome were excluded. He was started on low molecular weight heparin and is now on lifelong oral anticoagulation with warfarin.
CANNABIS USE: PREVALENCE AND CORRELATES AMONG THE INPATIENTS OF FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS AT COMBINED MILITARY HOSPITAL, LAHORE
Authors: Aliemuddin Mohsin , Kamran Muhammad , CH Zarrar Akbar , Tabassum Ahmed Shoaib , Salim Farrukh
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency and correlates of cannabis use among the psychiatric inpatients presenting with first episode of psychosis at Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Lahore.

Study Design: Correlational study.

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Lahore, from Nov 2016 to Apr 2017.

Methodology: A total of 88 patients between 18-40 years of age, both male and female, meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, presenting to Psychiatry department, CMH Lahore; were enrolled in the study after obtaining their informed consent. Patients were interviewed through Present state examination and the diagnosis was made on the basis of International Classification of Diseases version 10. The data was recorded on the study proforma. Outcome variable was frequency of cannabis abuse among these patients of first episode psychosis. It was compared among various age and gender groups and across educational, marital and residential status of the patient.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 26.59 ± 5.79 years. There were 57 (64.8%) male and 31 (35.2%) female patients in the study group, with a ratio of 1.8 males to 1 female (1.8:1). Cannabis use was found in 25 (28.4%) patients. Statistical analysis revealed non-significant difference in the frequency of cannabis use in age (p=0.15), gender (p=0.69), educational (p=0.91), marital (p=0.180) and residential status (p=0.30).

Conclusion: Cannabis use is highly correlated and prevalent among the patients presenting with first episode of psychosis.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN DIAGNOSING BONE TUMORS KEEPING HISTOPATHOLOGICAL CORRELATION AS GOLD STANDARD
Authors: Farooq Ambreen , Zameer Shahla , Khadim Rehana , Manzoor Anum
Published: January 2021

Objective: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing bone tumorskeeping histopathological as correlation gold standard.

Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Radiology, Orthopedics and Pathology of Pakistan Institute ofMedical Sciences, Islamabad, from Jan 2018 to Jan 2019.

Methodology: All the patients who had complain of bone deformity or pain with high suspicion of neoplasticpathology involving bone and soft tissue on radiograph were included in study. Patients were first diagnosed on conventional radiography followed by magnetic resonance imaging. Magnetic resonance imaging with contrast was done on Phillips 1.5 tesla machine. T1W, T2W, STIR images, Fat suppressed, PD spair and post contrast T1W images were obtained. Positive magnetic resonance imaging findings which were noted were; marrow involvement, cortical break, soft tissue involvement, joint involvement, neurovascular bundle involvement and post contrast enhancement on T1W imaging. Then bone biopsy was performed. The removed bone was sent for histopathological examination in all cases. The histopathological reports were collected. The results were entered in structured proformas. Data was collected after the informed consent. All the data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version-23.

Results: Fifty patients of both genders were recruited during our study duration. 32 (64.0%) were male while 18(36.0%) were female patients. Mean age of the patient was 54.5 ± 14.3 years with range 18 to 80 years. Among the benign tumors vertebral hemangiomas were most commonly found 5 (10.0%) followed by osteochondroma which was 4 (8.0%), while among malignant........
PREDICAMENTS OF PROSTHETISTS & ORTHOTISTS IN PAKISTAN
Authors: Ali Faiza , Mumtaz Nazia , Saqulain Ghulam
Published: January 2021

Objective: To find out the level of anxiety, depression and stress and its association with quality of life ofProsthetists and Orthotists.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Rehabilitation departments and institutes including Pakistan Institute of Prosthetic and Orthotic Sciences, Peshawar; King Edward Medical University, Lahore; Dow Medical University, Karachi; Rawalpindi Medical College, Rawalpindi; and Prosthetists and Orthotists working in public and private sectors, over a period of 6 months from Jun 2018 to Nov 2018.

Methodology: A sample of 250 Prosthetists and Orthotists of both genders, aged 20 to 60 years, were recruitedusing non probability purposive sampling. Those working in administrative posts and those who graduated after 2017 were excluded. Demographic sheet; Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21; and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey-36 were administered through e-mail for data collection. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version21. Pearson correlation test was used to analyze any association.

Results: Results revealed prevalence of 139 (55.6%) for depression with predominance of moderate depression63 (45.32%), followed by mild 37 (26.62%), severe 24 (17.37%) and very severe depression 15 (10.79%); 154 (61.6%) for anxiety with predominance of severe level of anxiety 59 (38.31%), followed by moderate 48 (31.17%), mild 26 (16.88%), & severe anxiety 21 (13,64%); and 115 (46%) for stress with predominance of moderate stress 55 (47.82%), followed by mild 30 (26.10%), severe 20 (17.39%) and very severe stress 10 (8.69%). For quality of life SF-36 revealed a total mean score of 62.54 ± 16.72 and statistically..........
DETERMINATION OF THE COMBINED WIDTH OF MAXILLARY ANTERIOR TEETH USING INNERCANTHAL DISTANCE WITH RESPECT TO AGE GENDER AND ETHINICITY
Authors: Ahmed Naseer , Abbasi Maria Shakoor , Khan Danish Azeem , Khalid Shiza , Jawed Warda , Mahmood Momina
Published: January 2021

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between inner canthal distance and maxillary anterior teeth width withrespect to age, gender and ethnicity.

Study Design: Cross sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi, from Aug 2019 to Jan 2020.

Methodology: One hundred participants from both genders with full permanent dentition, no interdental space or pathology and facial symmetry were included in this study. The measurements were carried out with digital Vernier caliper. SPSS-25 was used for statistical analysis.

Results: The mean ± SD of inner canthal distance and width of maxillary anterior teeth were 2.99cm ± 0.46and 3.82cm ± 0.35 respectively. A significant difference was found between gender (p=0.037) and inner canthaldistance. The maxillary anterior teeth width and inner canthal distance varies amongst different ethnicities(p=0.01). The inner canthal distance does not vary with advancing age (p=0.87) whereas width of maxillaryanterior teeth varies (p=0.04). A weak correlation value of 0.47 was found between inner canthal distance andmaxillary anterior teeth width.

Conclusion: This research suggests that there is a weak relationship between inner canthal distance and maxillary anterior teeth width. Therefore, a multiplication ratio of 1.27 is advised to get combined mesiodistal width of maxillary anterior teeth. Additionally, the value of both differs in various local ethnicities. Inner canthal distance does not vary with age though has significant gender disparities while maxillary anterior teeth width remains constant.
ASSOCIATION OF HORMONE RECEPTORS WITH RISK FACTORS AMONG BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Aslam Ummara , Sadiq Sarah , Irshad Naseem , Sadiq Ambreen , Hamid Rabia
Published: January 2021

Objective: To compare the risk factors with estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status of breast cancer patients.

Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study.

Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Multidisciplinary Lab-1 of Army Medical College,National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, in collaboration with Department of Pathology of ArmyMedical College, NUMS Rawalpindi, from Jan 2019 to Jan 2020.

Methodology: A total of 50 individuals including radiologically diagnosed cases of breast cancer with differentstages and 10 healthy controls without cancer. Patients with any co-morbidity were excluded. Participant’ssample was collected and subjected to ER, PR and HER2 estimation. Other factors i.e. age, gender, marital status, breast feeding, menopause status, side of the breast affected were all taken into consideration.

Results: Patients characteristics showed that the mean age, marital and menopause status were linked with breast cancer. The data showed that hormone receptors i.e., ER (p=0.0001), PR (p=0.0002) and HER2 (p=0.0001) were positive among most of the cancer patients as compared to the healthy subjects without cancer. There were no association found between age and hormone receptors. Marital status, breast feeding, menopause and side of breasts involved also had no association with hormone receptors.

Conclusion: No significant association found between risk factors and hormone recpetors status of breast cancer patients in our population.