bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Dynamically Stable‐Unstable Flow on Seawater Intrusion and Submarine Groundwater Discharge Over Tidal and Seasonal Cycles
Authors: Fang Yunhai , Zheng Tianyuan , Wang Huan , Zheng Xilai , Walther Marc
Published: April 2022

Temporal changes in the external forcing conditions of coastal aquifer systems, such as seasonal inland freshwater input, may disturb the balance between the ocean forces and freshwater hydraulic gradient. An increase or decrease in this imbalance may affect the stability of tide‐induced upper saline plume (USP). In this study, we performed laboratory experiments and numerical simulations to investigate the influence of seasonal inland freshwater input on USP stability and the associated behavior of seawater intrusion (SWI) and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD). In contrast to previous studies, we found that USP was not always stable or unstable in the intertidal zone, but experienced a dynamically stable‐unstable process as the seasonal inland freshwater input varied. The extent of SWI and SGD showed a dual response to the seasonal inland freshwater input. On one hand, seasonal fluctuation in inland freshwater input directly induced responsive changes in SWI and SGD; on the other hand, dynamic stability of the USP caused by the seasonal fluctuation resulted in an additional high‐frequency fluctuation in the extent of SWI and SGD during the unstable flow. Moreover, the response of saline SGD and total SGD to the seasonal fluctuation in the inland freshwater input was nonlinear. This overall increased the SGD compared to the scenarios with a temporally constant inland freshwater input. Therefore, ignoring seasonal changes in the inland freshwater input may underestimate the amount of water exchanges across the aquifer‐sea interface.
Observations of Eastward Propagating Quasi 6‐Day Waves From the Troposphere to the Lower Thermosphere During SSWs in Early 2016
Authors: Yu Fan Rong , Huang Kai Ming , Zhang Shao Dong , Huang Chun Ming , Gong Yun
Published: April 2022

There are few reports on quasi 6‐day wave (Q6DW) during stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) events, especially the eastward propagating one. By using observations from three meteor radars and three radiosondes combined with reanalysis data from January to March 2016, we study the eastward propagating Q6DWs during the SSWs from the troposphere to the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). There are SSW and stratospheric final warming (SFW) events around February and March in the northern hemisphere, respectively. The polar mean temperature rises by about 45 and 36 K at 10‐hPa level and the mean zonal wind decreases by about 38 and 49 ms−1 during the SSW and SFW, respectively. Large‐scale zonal wind reversal happens during the SSWs. Radar observations and reanalysis data show that two Q6DWs corresponding to the SSWs are robust from the troposphere to the MLT. They are eastward traveling waves with zonal wavenumbers 1–2. The Q6DWs propagate downward in the stratosphere and upward in the MLT, implying that the source of the Q6DWs is in the mesosphere. The meridional gradient of quasi‐geostrophic potential vorticity and Eliassen‐Palm flux divergence show that the instabilities possibly occur in the mesosphere, which likely in situ excite and strengthen the Q6DWs. The instabilities are also found in the stratosphere and may amplify the Q6DWs in the stratosphere at the three stations especially during the SSW.
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl) at Ground Sites During CalNex 2010 and Insight Into Its Thermodynamic Properties
Authors: Tao Ye , VandenBoer Trevor C. , Veres Patrick R. , Warneke Carsten , de Gouw Joost A. , Weber Rodney J. , Markovic Milos Z. , Zhao Yongjing , Baker Kirk R. , Kelly James T. , Murphy Jennifer G. , Young Cora J. , Roberts James M.
Published: April 2022

Gas phase hydrogen chloride (HCl) was measured at Pasadena and San Joaquin Valley (SJV) ground sites in California during May and June 2010 as part of the CalNex study. Observed mixing ratios were on average 0.83 ppbv at Pasadena, ranging from below detection limit (0.055 ppbv) to 5.95 ppbv, and were on average 0.084 ppbv at SJV with a maximum value of 0.776 ppbv. At both sites, HCl levels were highest during midday and shared similar diurnal variations with HNO3. Coupled phase partitioning behavior was found between HCl/Cl− and HNO3/NO3− using thermodynamic modeling and observations. Regional modeling of Cl− and HCl using Community Multiscale Air Quality captures some of the observed relationships but underestimates measurements by a factor of 5 or more. Chloride in the 2.5–10 μm size range in Pasadena was sometimes higher than sea salt abundances, based on co‐measured Na+, implying that sources other than sea salt are important. The acid‐displacement of HCl/Cl− by HNO3/NO3− (phase partitioning of semi‐volatile acids) observed at the SJV site can only be explained by aqueous phase reaction despite low RH conditions and suggests the temperature dependence of HCl phase partitioning behavior was strongly impacted by the activity coefficient changes under relevant aerosol conditions (e.g., high ionic strength). Despite the influence from activity coefficients, the gas‐particle system was found to be well constrained by other stronger buffers and charge balance so that HCl and Cl− concentrations were reproduced well by thermodynamic models.
Lensless ultrafast optical imaging
Authors: Zhao Jian , Li Mingsheng
Published: April 2022

Lensless single-shot ultrafast optical imaging is realized by integrating an acousto-optic programmable dispersive filter with spectrally filtered sequentially time all-optical mapping photography, which enables independent control of frame rate, frame intensity, and exposure time with a simple system design.
Age-related visual impairments and retinal ganglion cells axonal degeneration in a mouse model harboring OPTN (E50K) mutation
Authors: Hou Mingying , Shao Zhengbo , Zhang Shiqi , Liu Xinna , Fan Pan , Jiang Menglu , Zhao Yutong , Xiao Rong , Yuan Huiping
Published: April 2022

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) axons are the signal carriers of visual information between retina and brain. Therefore, they play one of the important roles affected in many optic neurodegenerative diseases like glaucoma. Among the genetic risks associated with glaucoma, the E50K mutation in the Optineurin (OPTN) gene are known to result in glaucoma in the absence of increased intraocular pressure (IOP), whereas the relevant pathological mechanism and neurological issues remain to be further investigated. In this study, the OPTN (E50K) mutant mouse model was established through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, and aging-related RGCs loss and the visual dysfunction were identified. In E50K mice 16 months old, the axonal transport decreased comparing to wild-type (WT) mice at the same age. Furthermore, results of electron microscopy demonstrated significant morphological anomaly of mitochondria in RGCs axons of young E50K mice 3 months old, and these changes were aggravated with age. These indicated that the damaged mitochondria-associated dysfunction of RGCs axon should play an etiological role in glaucoma as an age-related outcome of OPTN (E50K) mutation. The findings of this study have potential implications for the targeted prevention and treatment of NTG.
MEOX2-mediated regulation of Cathepsin S promotes cell proliferation and motility in glioma
Authors: Wang Ji , Chen Yanming , Wang Qing , Xu Hui , Wu Chunwang , Jiang Qianqian , Wu Guoqing , Zhou Honglong , Xiao Zongyu , Chen Ying , Zhang Tan , Lan Qing
Published: April 2022

Nuclear transcription factor Mesenchyme Homeobox 2 (MEOX2) is a homeobox gene that is originally discovered to suppress the growth of vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. However, whether or not it is connected to cancer is yet unknown. Here, we report that MEOX2 functions as a tumor-initiating element in glioma. Bioinformatic analyses of public databases and investigation of MEOX2 expression in patients with glioma demonstrated that MEOX2 was abundant at both mRNA and protein levels in glioma. MEOX2 expression was shown to be inversely linked with the prognosis of glioma patients. MEOX2 inhibition changed the morphology of glioma cells, inhibited cell proliferation and motility, whereas had no effect on cell apoptosis. Besides, silencing MEOX2 also hampered the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), focal adhesion formation, and F-actin assembly. Overexpression of MEOX2 exhibited opposite effects. Importantly, RNA-sequencing, ChIP-qPCR assay, and luciferase reporter assay revealed Cathepsin S (CTSS) as a novel transcriptional target of MEOX2 in glioma cells. Consistently, MEOX2 causes glioma tumor development in mice and greatly lowers the survival period of tumor-bearing mice. Our findings indicate that MEOX2 promotes tumorigenesis and progression of glioma partially through the regulation of CTSS. Targeting MEOX2-CTSS axis might be a promising alternative for the treatment of glioma.
Autoimmune markers in screening for orbital inflammatory disease
Authors: Ang Terence , Juniat Valerie , Selva Dinesh
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Immunogenic causes of inflammation may be difficult to differentiate in the work-up of orbital inflammatory disease. The study aims to investigate the utility of autoimmune markers in the screening for orbital inflammation. Markers studied included angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), antinuclear antibody (ANA), anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA), extractable nuclear antigen (ENA), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (Anti-CCP) and anti-double stranded DNA antibody (Anti-dsDNA antibody).

Methods

A retrospective single-centre study of consecutive patients with non-infective orbital inflammation screened for autoimmune markers at presentation. Serology was interpreted alongside clinical course and other investigations (e.g. radiographic features and histopathology). Tabulated data and Pearson’s Chi-square allowed analysis of trends between serology, diagnosis and the decision to biopsy.

Results

79 patients, between 1999 and 2021, were included (50 females, mean age was 50.4 ± 17.4 years). 28 (34.6%) patients had specific orbital inflammation and 53 (65.4%) patients had non-specific orbital inflammation (NSOI). Of the 12 patients with positive serology and a specific diagnosis, only 5 (41.7%) patients had concordant serological results. There was no association between serology results and the patient undergoing biopsy (P = 0.651). Serology was unable to exclude nor differentiate NSOI from other specific conditions and ANA had limited discriminatory value between specific conditions and NSOI.

Conclusion

Serological testing alone may not provide a clear direction for further investigation of orbital inflammation and a biopsy may occur independently of the serological results. The value of autoimmune markers may lie in subsequent follow-up as patients may develop suggestive symptoms after an indeterminate positive result or initially seronegative disease.
pmTR database: population matched (pm) germline allelic variants of T-cell receptor (TR) loci
Authors: Dekker Julian , van Dongen Jacques J. M. , Reinders Marcel J. T. , Khatri Indu
Published: April 2022

The IMGT database profiles theTRgermline alleles for all fourTRloci (TRA,TRB,TRGandTRD), however, it does not comprise of the information regarding population specificity and allelic frequencies of these germline alleles. The specificity of allelic variants to different human populations can, however, be a rich source of information when studying the genetic basis of population-specific immune responses in disease and in vaccination. Therefore, we meticulously identified true germline alleles enriched with completeTRallele sequences and their frequencies across 26 different human populations, profiled by “1000 Genomes data”. We identified 205TRAV, 249TRBV, 16TRGVand 5TRDVgermline alleles supported by at least four haplotypes. The diversity of germline allelic variants in theTRloci is the highest in Africans, while the majority of the Non-African alleles are specific to the Asian populations, suggesting a diverse profile ofTRgermline alleles in different human populations. Interestingly, the alleles in the IMGT database are frequent and common across all five super-populations. We believe that this new set of germlineTRsequences represents a valuable new resource which we have made available through the new population-matchedTR(pmTR) database, accessible viahttps://pmtrig.lumc.nl/.
Expanding the PURA syndrome phenotype with manifestations in a Japanese female patient
Authors: Fukuda Yuya , Kudo Yoshimasa , Saito Makoto , Kaname Tadashi , Oota Tohru , Shoji Reikichi
Published: April 2022

We report on a 15-year-old Japanese female patient with hypotonia and global developmental delay from the neonatal period who was revealed to carry a known pathogenicPURAvariant (NM_005859.5:c.697_699del, p.Phe233del) by whole-exome sequencing. She had previously unreported clinical features, including a rectovestibular fistula, extremely short stature, and underweight, expanding the known phenotype of PURA syndrome.
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) protects mitochondrial function of HEI-OC1 cells under premature senescence
Authors: Gao Ying , Kamogashira Teru , Fujimoto Chisato , Iwasaki Shinichi , Yamasoba Tatsuya
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ), an oxidoreductase cofactor, on the H2O2-induced premature senescence model in HEI-OC1 auditory cells and to elucidate its mechanism of action in vitro. Cells were treated with PQQ for 1 day before H2O2(100 μM) exposure. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was damaged in this premature senescence model but was restored in cells pretreated with PQQ (0.1 nM or 1.0 nM). A decrease in mitochondrial potential, the promotion of mitochondrial fusion and the accelerated movement of mitochondria were all observed in PQQ-pretreated cells. The protein expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) were significantly decreased under H2O2exposure while they were increased with PQQ pretreatment, and PGC-1α acetylation was significantly decreased. In conclusion, PQQ has a protective effect on the premature senescence model of HEI-OC1 auditory cells and is associated with the SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway, mitochondrial structure, and mitochondrial respiratory capacity.
Numerical quality control for DFT-based materials databases
Authors: Carbogno Christian , Thygesen Kristian Sommer , Bieniek Björn , Draxl Claudia , Ghiringhelli Luca M. , Gulans Andris , Hofmann Oliver T. , Jacobsen Karsten W. , Lubeck Sven , Mortensen Jens Jørgen , Strange Mikkel , Wruss Elisabeth , Scheffler Matthias
Published: April 2022

Electronic-structure theory is a strong pillar of materials science. Many different computer codes that employ different approaches are used by the community to solve various scientific problems. Still, the precision of different packages has only been scrutinized thoroughly not long ago, focusing on a specific task, namely selecting a popular density functional, and using unusually high, extremely precise numerical settings for investigating 71 monoatomic crystals1. Little is known, however, about method- and code-specific uncertainties that arise under numerical settings that are commonly used in practice. We shed light on this issue by investigating the deviations in total and relative energies as a function of computational parameters. Using typical settings for basis sets and k-grids, we compare results for 71 elemental1 and 63 binary solids obtained by three different electronic-structure codes that employ fundamentally different strategies. On the basis of the observed trends, we propose a simple, analytical model for the estimation of the errors associated with the basis-set incompleteness. We cross-validate this model using ternary systems obtained from the Novel Materials Discovery (NOMAD) Repository and discuss how our approach enables the comparison of the heterogeneous data present in computational materials databases.
A global record of annual terrestrial Human Footprint dataset from 2000 to 2018
Authors: Mu Haowei , Li Xuecao , Wen Yanan , Huang Jianxi , Du Peijun , Su Wei , Miao Shuangxi , Geng Mengqing
Published: April 2022

Human Footprint, the pressure imposed on the eco-environment by changing ecological processes and natural landscapes, is raising worldwide concerns on biodiversity and ecological conservation. Due to the lack of spatiotemporally consistent datasets of Human Footprint over a long temporal span, many relevant studies on this topic have been limited. Here, we mapped the annual dynamics of the global Human Footprint from 2000 to 2018 using eight variables that reflect different aspects of human pressures. The accuracy assessment revealed a good agreement between our mapped results and the previously developed datasets in different years. We found more than two million km2 of wilderness (i.e., regions with Human Footprint values below one) were lost over the past two decades. The biome dominated by mangroves experienced the most significant loss (i.e., above 5%) of wilderness, likely attributed to intensified human activities in coastal areas. The derived annual and spatiotemporally consistent global Human Footprint can be a fundamental dataset for many relevant studies about human activities and natural resources.
Cellular and molecular signatures of in vivo imaging measures of GABAergic neurotransmission in the human brain
Authors: Lukow Paulina Barbara , Martins Daniel , Veronese Mattia , Vernon Anthony Christopher , McGuire Philip , Turkheimer Federico Edoardo , Modinos Gemma
Published: April 2022

Diverse GABAergic interneuron networks orchestrate information processing in the brain. Understanding the principles underlying the organisation of this system in the human brain, and whether these principles are reflected by available non-invasive in vivo neuroimaging methods, is crucial for the study of GABAergic neurotransmission. Here, we use human gene expression data and state-of-the-art imaging transcriptomics to uncover co-expression patterns between genes encoding GABAA receptor subunits and inhibitory interneuron subtype-specific markers, and their association with binding patterns of the gold-standard GABA PET radiotracers [11C]Ro15-4513 and [11C]flumazenil. We found that the inhibitory interneuron marker somatostatin covaries with GABAA receptor-subunit genes GABRA5 and GABRA2, and that their distribution followed [11C]Ro15-4513 binding. In contrast, the inhibitory interneuron marker parvalbumin covaried with GABAA receptor-subunit genes GABRA1, GABRB2 and GABRG2, and their distribution tracked [11C]flumazenil binding. Our findings indicate that existing PET radiotracers may provide complementary information about key components of the GABAergic system.
Transferable single-layer GeSn nanomembrane resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors for 2 μm band optical communication and multi-spectral short-wave infrared sensing
Authors: Chen Qimiao , Wu Shaoteng , Zhang Lin , Zhou Hao , Fan Weijun , Tan Chuan Seng
Published: April 2022

Transferable GeSn nanomembrane resonant-cavity-enhanced photodetectors with high optical responsivities and strong spectral tunability are achieved by a vertical microcavity structure and high-quality GeSn nanomembranes.
The protective effect of biomineralized BSA-Mn3O4 nanoparticles on HUVECs investigated by atomic force microscopy
Authors: Guo Xinyue , Zhou Weiqi , Guan Yanxue , Qin Juan , Zhang Bailin , Zhang Miaomiao , Tang Jilin
Published: April 2022

BSA-Mn3O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by one-step biomineralization method, the mechanism of antioxidant activity of BSA-Mn3O4 nanoparticles in HUVECs was investigated from the perspective of biomechanics.
Aptazyme-induced cascade amplification integrated with a volumetric bar-chart chip for highly sensitive detection of aflatoxin B1 and adenosine triphosphate
Authors: Han Yuanyue , Liu Xinli , Zhao Qiao , Gao Yanfeng , Zhou Dongtao , Long Wenxiu , Wang Yuzhen , Song Yujun
Published: April 2022

A triple-channel volumetric bar-chart chip based on aptazyme-induced cascade signal amplification empowers visual readout of aflatoxin B1 and adenosine triphosphate concentration.
Improved ELISA for linoleate-derived diols in human plasma utilizing a polyHRP-based secondary tracer
Authors: Singh Nalin , Li Dongyang , McReynolds Cindy B. , Morisseau Christophe , Hammock Bruce D.
Published: April 2022

A highly sensitive biotinylated IgG–streptavidin-polyHRP label-based ELISA for detection of linoleic acid-derived diols in human plasma.
A peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence recovery system based on the interaction of N-doped graphene oxide nanosheets and an oligopeptide for ultra-sensitive and selective copper(ii) ion detection
Authors: Tan Hongyan , Zhou Hong , Chen Donghua
Published: April 2022

The interaction between Cu2+ and an oligopeptide strand resulted in a CL recovery of the reaction system with N-GONs as an excellent CL enhancer. A highly sensitive, selective and environmentally friendly Cu2+ detection method was established.
Reversible P–P bond cleavage at an iridium(iii) metal centre
Authors: Coles Simon J. , Horton Peter N. , Kimber Patrick , Klooster Wim T. , Liu Pingchuan , Plasser Felix , Smith Martin B. , Tizzard Graham J.
Published: April 2022

We show that a simple, reversible, P–P bond cleavage/coupling transformation in a well-defined mononuclear Ir(κ1-R2P-PR2) complex is possible under ambient conditions.
Enhanced proton conductivity in amino acid based self-assembled non-porous hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks
Authors: Pramanik Titas , Anand Ashish , Pandikassala Ajmal , Illathvalappil Rajith , Kurungot Sreekumar , Row T. N. Guru
Published: April 2022

Amino acid and oxalic acid-based salt-cocrystals have been discovered as non-porous self-assembled HOFs that show efficient proton conductivity under humidified conditions. Promising performance as a membrane in H2–O2 fuel cells has been achieved.
Synthesis of highly calibrated CsPbBr3 nanocrystal perovskites by soft chemistry
Authors: Mayer Cédric R. , Levy-Falk Hugo , Rémond Maxime , Trippé-Allard Gaëlle , Fossard Frédéric , Vallet Maxime , Lepeltier Marc , Guiblin Nicolas , Lauret Jean-Sébastien , Garrot Damien , Deleporte Emmanuelle
Published: April 2022

Highly calibrated CsPbBr3 NC perovskites by soft chemistry, highlighting the role of phenylethylamine acting like a pair of scissors to cut bigger NCs.
(N2H6)[HPO3F]2: maximizing the optical anisotropy of deep-ultraviolet fluorophosphates
Authors: Qiu Haotian , Li Fuming , Jin Congcong , Lu Juanjuan , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie , Mutailipu Miriding
Published: April 2022

A new metal-free monofluorophosphate with a large birefringence has been reported. The reported birefringence sets a record among fluorophosphates and it originates from the preferential arrangement of non-π-conjugated [HPO3F] units.
Genetic encoding of a nonhydrolyzable phosphotyrosine analog in mammalian cells
Authors: He Xinyuan , Ma Bin , Chen Yan , Guo Jiantao , Niu Wei
Published: April 2022

Genetic incorporation of a nonhydrolyzable phosphotyrosine analog facilitates studies of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in mammalian cells.
A cyclic divalent N(i) species isoelectronic to carbodiphosphoranes
Authors: Tian Jiaxin , Cordier Marie , Bour Christophe , Auffrant Audrey , Gandon Vincent
Published: April 2022

Synthesis of a rare type of N(i)+ compound by an original way relying on silver-mediated oxidative amine dealkylation. DFT analysis of the low-valent character of the nitrogen center.
Structural and functional regulations by a disulfide bond designed in myoglobin like human neuroglobin
Authors: Sun Li-Juan , Yuan Hong , Yu Lu , Gao Shu-Qin , Wen Ge-Bo , Tan Xiangshi , Lin Ying-Wu
Published: April 2022

An artificial disulfide bond of Cys46–Cys61 was designed in the heme distal site of myoglobin that regulates the conformation of the histidine-gate of His64 and the protein reactivity.
Asymmetrical ring-shaped colloidal particles for self-assembly and superhydrophobic coatings
Authors: Luo Zhang , Li Shanshan , Wang Linna , Liu Bing
Published: April 2022

A frame-guided wetting strategy is reported to synthesize highly uniform but asymmetrical colloidal particles from rings to oblate ellipsoids through symmetrical discs for self-assembly of open 2D superstructures and superhydrophobic coatings.
Exploring the influence of polymorphism and chromophore co-ligands on linkage isomer photoswitching in [Pd(bpy4dca)(NO2)2]
Authors: Coulson Ben A. , Hatcher Lauren E.
Published: April 2022

The presence of non-innocent chromophore ligands in photoswitches can limit functionality. This photocrystallographic study shows how the negative impact of such ligands can be mitigated by control of excitation conditions, maximising photoswitching.
Thermodynamics of hydrogels for applications in atmospheric water harvesting, evaporation, and desalination
Authors: Chen Gang
Published: April 2022

A reformulation of hydrogel thermodynamics, focusing on water in hydrogel for atmospheric water harvesting, solar interfacial evaporation, and desalination is presented.
A Synergistic effect on the atomic cluster M4 supported on MN4-graphene (M = Fe, Ni) for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Cui Jiake , Liu Xiaojing , Wei Yongxue , Shen Xiangjian
Published: April 2022

A synergistic effect between M4 and MN4-graphene strongly enhanced the HER reactivity of potential M4@MN4-graphene model catalysts.
Ab initio neural network MD simulation of thermal decomposition of a high energy material CL-20/TNT
Authors: Cao Liqun , Zeng Jinzhe , Wang Bo , Zhu Tong , Zhang John Z. H.
Published: April 2022

The detailed thermal decomposition processes of β-CL-20 and CL-20/TNT were explored using the molecular dynamics simulation based on neural network potential energy surfaces.
Photoelectron spectroscopy of low valent organophosphorus compounds, P–CH3, H–PCH2 and PCH2
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Deb Pratim , Gerlach Marius , Hartweg Sebastian , Fischer Ingo , Loison Jean-Christophe
Published: April 2022

We report the mass-selected slow photoelectron spectra of three reactive organophosphorus species, PCH2, and the two isomers, methylenephosphine or phosphaethylene, HPCH2 and methylphosphinidine, P–CH3.
Development of emergent ferroelectric nematic liquid crystals with highly fluorinated and rigid mesogens
Authors: Song Yaohao , Li Jinxing , Xia Runli , Xu Hao , Zhang Xinxin , Lei Huanyu , Peng Weifeng , Dai Shuqi , Aya Satoshi , Huang Mingjun
Published: April 2022

A type of highly fluorinated and rigid mesogen distinct from previous aromatic ester-based molecules is designed and validated to exhibit the ferroelectric nematic liquid crystal phase.
An analysis of 30 years of surface ozone concentrations in Austria: temporal evolution, changes in precursor emissions and chemical regimes, temperature dependence, and lessons for the future
Authors: Mayer Monika , Schreier Stefan F. , Spangl Wolfgang , Staehle Christoph , Trimmel Heidelinde , Rieder Harald E.
Published: April 2022

We analyse the evolution of surface ozone in Austria for 1990–2019 and investigate effects of changes in precursor emissions and climate warming. Our results show that ozone burdens remain a health problem despite reductions in precursor emissions.
Metal-binding processes on nanoplastics: rare earth elements as probes
Authors: Blancho Florent , Davranche Mélanie , Marsac Rémi , Léon Adrien , Dia Aline , Grassl Bruno , Reynaud Stéphanie , Gigault Julien
Published: April 2022

The presence of nanoplastics in the ocean and soil demonstrates their global distribution in the environment.
SO2-Tolerant catalytic reduction of NOx by confining active species in TiO2 nanotubes
Authors: Xu Ziqiang , Impeng Sarawoot , Jia Xinyu , Wang Fuli , Shen Yongjie , Wang Penglu , Zhang Dengsong
Published: April 2022

SO2-Tolerant catalytic reduction of NOx was demonstrated by confining active species in TiO2 nanotubes.
Multistep nucleation visualized during solid-state crystallization
Authors: Zhang Zhouyang , Tang Yujie , Ying Yiran , Guo Junqing , Gan Min , Jiang Yateng , Xing Chunxian , Pan Shanshan , Xu Ming , Zhou Yangbo , Zhang Haitao , Leung Chi Wah , Huang Haitao , Mak Chee Leung , Fei Linfeng
Published: April 2022

We extract a multistep nucleation mechanism during the solid-state nucleation of NiO nanocrystals by in situ TEM observations, which contains several distinct stages before the emergence of stable nuclei.
Solvent-assisted preparation of low-temperature SnO2 electron transport layers for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells made in ambient conditions
Authors: Liu JingYan , He Xiong , Li Xin , Li Ying
Published: April 2022

High-quality SnO2 electron transport layers were synthesized by a simple low-temperature solvothermal method.
Improved corrosion resistance and thermal stability of insensitive NTO explosives by MXene modification in the presence of non-covalent bonds
Authors: Yao Yuanyuan , Li Dongze , Jin Shaohua , Wang Zifeng , Wang Dongxu , Shu Qinghai
Published: April 2022

Strong corrosiveness to metals is the main factor restricting the widespread application of the insensitive explosive 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO).
Controlled synthesis of a cobalt-organic framework: hierarchical micro/nanospheres for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Hang Xinxin , Xue Yadan , Du Meng , Yang Rui , Zhao Jiawei , Pang Huan
Published: April 2022

We report a strategy to synthesize Co-MOF-based hierarchical micro/nanospheres with ultrathin nanosheet subunits. Benefitting from the unique 3D architecture, the Co-MOF/M2 exhibits a high specific capacitance and excellent rate capability.
ChemSims: using simulations and screencasts to help students develop particle-level understanding of equilibrium in an online environment before and during COVID
Authors: Herrington Deborah G. , Hilborn Shanna M. , Sielaff Elizabeth N. , Sweeder Ryan D.
Published: April 2022

Equilibrium is a challenging concept for many, largely because developing a deep conceptual understanding of equilibrium requires someone to be able to connect the motions and interactions of particles that cannot be physically observed with macroscopic observations. Particle level chemistry animations and simulations can support student connections of particle motion with macroscopic observations, but for topics such as equilibrium additional visuals such as graphs are typically present which add additional complexity. Helping students make sense of such visuals requires careful scaffolding to draw their attention to important features and help them make connections between representations (e.g., particle motion and graphical representations). Further, as students enter our classrooms with varying levels of background understanding, they may require more or less time working with such simulations or animations to develop the desired level of conceptual understanding. This paper describes the development and testing of activities that use the PhET simulation “Reactions and Rates” to introduce the concept of equilibrium as a student preclass activity either in the form of directly using the simulation or guided by an instructor through a screencast. The pre-post analysis of the two most recent implementations of these activities indicates that students show improved understanding of the core ideas underlying equilibrium regardless of instructor, institution, or type of instructional environment (face to face or remote). We also observed that students were more readily able to provide particle level explanations of changes in equilibrium systems as they respond to stresses (such as changes to concentration and temperature) if they have had prior course instruction on collision theory. Lastly, we observed that student answers to explain how an equilibrium will respond to an applied stress more often focus on either initial responses or longer-term stability of concentrations, not on both key aspects.
The effect of the printing temperature on 4D DLP printed pNIPAM hydrogels
Authors: Solis Daphene Marques , Czekanski Aleksander
Published: April 2022

Increasing the printing temperature by 10 °C led to a 50% decrease of the maximum swelling capacity, approximately 10% increase in the water retention, and 6.5 °C variation in the low critical solution temperature.
Strong and tough self-wrinkling polyelectrolyte hydrogels constructed via a diffusion–complexation strategy
Authors: Shi Jianzhuang , Dong Ruoyu , Ji Changbin , Fan Wenxin , Yu Tengbo , Xia Yanzhi , Sui Kunyan
Published: April 2022

A versatile diffusion–complexation strategy has been developed to fabricate strong and tough self-wrinkling polyelectrolyte hydrogels.
Construction of immune-related LncRNAs classifier to predict prognosis and immunotherapy response in thymic epithelial tumors
Authors: Su Yongchao , Ou Yangpeng , Chen Yongbing , Ma Ximiao
Published: April 2022

The primary objective of this study was to construct an immune-related long noncoding RNAs (IRLs) classifier to precisely predict the prognosis and immunotherapy response of patients with thymic epithelial tumors (TET). Based on univariable Cox regression analysis and Lasso regression, six prognosis-related IRLs (AC004466.3, AC138207.2, AC148477.2, AL450270.1, HOXB-AS1 and SNHG8) were selected to build an IRL classifier. Importantly, results of qRT-PCR validated that higher expression levels of AC138207.2, AC148477.2, AL450270.1 and SNHG8 as well as lower expression levels of AC004466.3, and HOXB-AS1 in TETs samples compared with normal controls. The IRL classifier could effectively classify patients into the low-risk and high-risk groups based on the different survival parameters. In terms of predictive ability and clinical utility, the IRL classifier was superior to Masaoka staging system. Additionally, IRL classifier is significantly associated with immune cells infiltration (dendritic cells, activated CD4 memory T cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL), T cell subsets in particular), immune microenvironment (immune score and immune checkpoint inhibitors) and immunogenicity (TMB) in TETs, which hints that IRL classifier is tightly correlated with immune characteristics and might guide more effective immunotherapy strategies for TETs patients. Encouragingly, according to TIDE algorithm, there were more immunotherapy responders in the low-risk IRL subgroup and the IRL score was robustly negatively linked to the immunotherapeutic response. To sum up, the IRL classifier was established, which can be used to predict the prognosis, immune infiltration status, immunotherapy response in TETs patients, and may facilitate personalized counseling for immunotherapy.
Development of teaching programs of artificial intelligence methods in aerospace education
Authors: Kalugin Vladimir , Lutsenko Alexander , Romanova Irina , Ye Ding
Published: April 2022

As a part of the National Strategy on Artificial Intelligence development in the Russian Federation, the basic concepts and definitions related to artificial intelligence (AI) and the necessity for the preparation of training programs were analyzed. The analysis of Federal state educational standards (FSES) and professional standards for enlarged groups of specialties and directions (EGSD) 24.00.00 AEROSPACE ENGINEERING was conducted and the perspective programs on the foundations of artificial intelligence and intelligent data analysis were proposed.
Experiences in engineering design training at Samara University
Authors: Kurenkov Vladimir , Kucherov Alexander
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to share experience gained by Samara National Research University in training students in engineering degree programme “Manned and Unmanned Spacecraft and Space Systems”. Core items of engineering degree curricula are projects because they basically form practical experience of future design engineers. Main items of the course project “Calculation of main parameters and generation of land remote sensing satellites conceptual design based on regard to required efficiency indices” are discussed. These include acquisition and processing of statistical data on space systems and satellites; determination of satellite orbit parameters; determination of massdimensional characteristics of spacecraft on-board systems and construction; formation of on-board systems; spacecraft construction models and assembly model; choice of launcher and spacehead model development. The activity is supported by appropriate training materials and software.
Talent cultivation method of aerospace manufacturing engineering incorporating new aerospace technology
Authors: Liu Rongqiang , Chi Guanxin , Wang Fei , Yang Lijun , Yue Honghao , Lu Yifan
Published: April 2022

In order to meet the needs of the state and society for improving the quality of undergraduate education and cultivating innovative talents, individualized training mode has gradually become the direction of higher education reform. In China, there is a long-standing situation that talent cultivation is out of touch with industrial demand. In order to explore the training mode of innovative talents in the new era, the idea of cultivating individualized talents with scientific research as feedback to teaching is established in this paper. The latest research results of aerospace are incorporated into the training process of aircraft manufacturing engineering professionals and professional knowledge system are optimized. By building high-level courses with overseas scholars and domestic industry experts, an off-campus practice training base for personalized talent training is established, and the teaching contents and methods is reformed. The practice has proved that the personalized talent training mode and method proposed in this paper have achieved good results.
Scientific schools of universities and character-building work
Authors: Reznik Sergey
Published: April 2022

Scientific schools shape the image of universities, while the activity of the scientific schools enables sustainable and dynamic development of the universities. This paper is devoted to the role of scientific schools in characterbuilding work in the context of leading aerospace engineering universities of Russia. The paper stresses the value of building the students’ character based on the example of the older senior counterparts capable of transferring their experience and teaching the cutting-edge methods of educational and scientific work. Among these methods, the paper highlights a historical approach in the description of the logic and evolution of design and manufacturing solutions and the method of size effect, allowing in-depth comprehension of the true scale and composition of complex aerospace equipment. Aerospace universities of Russia implement these methods with special study laboratories called demonstration halls. Having unique specimens of spacecrafts in these laboratories helps preserve the historical memory of the forefront research of Russian scientists and engineers. Practical classes in such laboratories are a fine example of transferring the scientific legacy and positively affecting the motivation for professional growth.
Scientific and educational practice-oriented complex for training specialists in end-to-end technologies of space remote sensing of the Earth
Authors: Soifer Victor , Salmin Vadim , Anshakov Gennadiy , Tkachenko Ivan , Safronov Sergey , Ivanushkin Maksim , Krestina Anastasiia
Published: April 2022

This work is devoted to the development of a scientific and educational complex of competence and training of world-class specialists in end-toend technologies of space remote sensing of the Earth. The complex is aimed at developing the competencies of students at all stages of the process of creating space-based means of remote sensing of the Earth—from design, production, testing and operation to processing space images and hyperspectral data and the formation of the final information product using modern digital technologies. End-to-end educational technology from the project to the final information product for a wide range of customers (data received from satellites are used by about 200 different Russian ministries and departments) formed the basis of the scientific and educational activities of Samara University.
CoRad-19 – Modular Digital Teaching during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Brendlin Andreas Stefan , Molwitz Isabel , Oechtering Thekla Helene , Barkhausen Jörg , Frydrychowicz Alex , Sulkowski Tanja , Balks Maren Friederike , Buchholz Michael , Lohwasser Stefan , Völker Martin , Goldschmidt Olaf , Johenning Anja , Schlender Sabine , Paulus Christian , Antoch Gerald , Dettmer Sabine , Baeßler Bettina , Maintz David , Pinto dos Santos Daniel , Vogl Thomas J. , Hattingen Elke , Stoevesandt Dietrich , Reinartz Sebastian , Storz Corinna , Müller-Peltzer Katharina , Bamberg Fabian , Rengier Fabian , Weis Meike , Frisch Anne , Hansen Nienke Lynn , Kolb Manuel , Maurer Michael , Nikolaou Konstantin , Afat Saif , Othman Ahmed E.
Published: April 2022

Purpose During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, higher education worldwide had to switch to digital formats. The purpose of this study was to evaluate CoRad-19, a digital teaching tool created by the German Radiological Society for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Materials and Methods A total of 13 German-speaking universities implemented CoRad-19 in their curriculum and partially or completely replaced their classes with the online courses. Previous experience and contact with radiology and the participantsʼ opinions regarding the medium of e-learning were surveyed using a custom questionnaire. The subjective level of knowledge regarding the individual modules was also surveyed before and after participation to measure learning effects. The data of 994 medical students from the participating sites were analyzed and compared intraindividually using the Friedman test.

Results From 4/1/2020–10/1/2020, 451 complete data sets from a total of 994 surveys were included. E-learning was rated “very useful” both before and after course participation (4 [IQR 3–4], p = 0.527, r = 0.16). E-learning as a method was also rated as a “very good” medium both before and after participation (4 [IQR 3–4], p = 0.414, r = 0.17). After participation, participants rated radiology as particularly suitable for digital teaching (before: 3 [IQR 3–4] vs. after 4 [IQR 3–4], p = 0.005, r = 0.6). Significant learning gains were measurable in all course modules (p ≤ 0.009). Post-hoc analysis showed interest in radiology to increase significantly after course participation (p = 0.02).

Conclusion In the representative survey, significant learning effects were observed in all course modules. In addition, it should be particularly emphasized that the studentsʼ interest in radiology was increased by course participation. Thus, the German Radiological Society provided significant support to German-speaking medical faculties with respect to maintaining excellent education using CoRad-19.

Key Point:

Citation Format
Does Antenatal Progesterone Administration Modify the Risk of Neonatal Intraventricular Hemorrhage?
Authors: Leon-Martinez Daisy , Bank Tracy C. , Lundsberg Lisbet S. , Culhane Jennifer , Silasi Michelle , Son Moeun , Partridge Caitlin , Reddy Uma M. , Hoffman Matthew K. , Merriam Audrey A.
Published: April 2022

Objective Progesterone administration has been associated with improved neurological outcomes following traumatic brain injury in adults. However, studies examining the effect of progesterone on the risk of neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) are inconsistent. We sought to determine if maternal administration of intramuscular 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-OHPC) is associated with decreased rates of IVH in infants born before 32-weeks gestation.

Study Design This is a retrospective study of liveborn singleton deliveries between 20- and 32-weeks gestation at two large academic medical centers from January 1, 2012 to August 30, 2020. Data were extracted from hospital electronic medical record data warehouses using standardized definitions and billing and diagnosis codes. We evaluated receipt of 17-OHPC in the antepartum period and diagnosis of IVH (grade I-IV, per Volpe classification) during the neonatal delivery hospitalization encounter. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to examine the association between 17-OHPC and neonatal IVH adjusting for potential confounders. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were presented.

Results Among 749 neonates born between 20- and 32-week gestation, 140 (18.7%) of their mothers had received antenatal 17-OHPC and 148 (19.8%) were diagnosed with IVH after birth. No significant association was observed between maternal 17-OHPC and neonatal IVH in unadjusted (OR 1.14, 95% CI 0.72–1.78) or adjusted analyses (adjusted odds ratio 1.14, 95% CI 0.71–1.84). Independent of exposure to 17-OHPC, as expected, infants born <28-weeks gestation or those with very low birthweight (<1,500 g) were at an increased risk of IVH (OR 2.32, 95% CI 1.55–3.48 and OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.09–4.38, respectively).

Conclusion Antenatal maternal 17-OHPC administration was not associated with the risk of neonatal IVH. Further research may be warranted to determine whether timing, route of delivery, and duration of progesterone therapy impact rates of neonatal IVH.

Key Points
A Strategy for the Synthesis of Bicyclic Fused Cyclopentenones from MBH-Carbonates of Propiolaldehydes
Authors: Reddy Chada Raji , Mohammed Siddique Z , Kumaraswamy Paridala , Kajare Roshan Chandrakant , Patil Amol D. , Ganga V. S. Rao , Ramaraju Andhavaram , Sridhar Balasubramanian
Published: April 2022

An effective synthetic approach has been demonstrated for the construction of diverse bicyclic fused cyclopentenones from Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) carbonates of propiolaldehydes. The present transformation was initiated through the propargylation of an alkenylamine with an MBH carbonate followed by the Pauson–Khand reaction of the product methyl 3-(alkenylamino)-2-methylenealk-4-ynoate. This facile method provides diverse scaffolds of cyclopentenone fused with aza-cycles having additional functionality in good yields.
Total Synthesis of Chatenaytrienins-1, -3 and -4 and Muridienins-1–4 Enabled by C(sp)–C(sp3) Sonogashira Coupling
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Chandra Naveen
Published: April 2022

Concise and efficient protecting-group-free total syntheses of chatenaytrienins-1, -3, -4 and muridienins-1–4 have been achieved. The key steps involve ring-closing metathesis (RCM) and C(sp)–C(sp3)-Sonogashira coupling. This work reports the first total syntheses of chatenaytrienin-3 and muridienins-1–4 in seven linear steps and high overall yields.
Organizational cultural strength as the negative cross-entropy of mindshare: a measure based on descriptive text
Authors: Marchetti Arianna , Puranam Phanish
Published: April 2022

The strength of an organization’s culture is an important property that may have implications for organizational structure, performance, diversity, and inclusion, independent of its content. However, progress on conceptualizing and measuring cultural strength has been restricted so far. We propose a novel measure of an organization’s cultural strength as the negative average cross-entropy of its members’ mindshare distributions, defined on a support comprising a set of firm-specific cultural elements. Using descriptive text data produced by 2.9 million individuals in about 95 thousand US firms from the employee review website Glassdoor.com, we calculate our measure of organizational cultural strength using topic modeling and show that it behaves as theoretically expected: older, smaller, and more geographically concentrated firms have stronger organizational cultures. We also note some intriguing associations between organizational cultural strength, role differentiation, and gender imbalance within firms. Finally, we discuss opportunities for using this new measure to understand how organizations work more generally.