bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polychaeta Orbiniidae from Antarctica, the Southern Ocean, the Abyssal Pacific Ocean, and off South America
Authors: BLAKE JAMES A.
Published: January 2017

The orbiniid polychaetes chiefly from Antarctic and subantarctic seas and off South America are described based on collections of the National Museum of Natural History and new material from surveys conducted by the United States Antarctic Program and other federal and privately funded sources as well as participation in international programs. A total of 44 species of Orbiniidae distributed in 10 genera are reported from the Pacific Ocean and waters off South America and Antarctica. Twenty-one species are new to science; one species is renamed. Berkeleyia heroae n. sp., B. abyssala n. sp., B. weddellia n. sp.; B. hadala n. sp., Leitoscoloplos simplex n. sp., L. plataensis n. sp., L. nasus n. sp., L. eltaninae n. sp., L. phyllobranchus n. sp., L. rankini n. sp., Scoloplos bathytatus n. sp., S. suroestense n. sp., Leodamas hyphalos n. sp., L. maciolekae n. sp., L. perissobranchiatus n. sp., Califia bilamellata n. sp., Orbinia orensanzi n. sp., Naineris antarctica n. sp., N. argentiniensis n. sp., Orbiniella spinosa n. sp., and O. landrumae n. sp. are new to science. A new name, Naineris furcillata, replaces N. chilensis Carrasco, 1977, a junior homonym of N. dendtritica chilensis Hartmann‑Schröder, 1965, which is raised to full species status. Leodamas cochleatus (Ehlers, 1900) is removed from synonymy and redescribed. A neotype is established for Leodamas verax Kinberg, 1966, the type species. A general overview of Leodamas species is provided. The Leitoscoloplos kerguelensis (McIntosh, 1885) complex is reviewed and partially revised. Definitions of the genera of the Orbiniidae are updated to conform to recently described taxa. Several new synonymies are proposed following a reexamination of previously described type specimens. The morphological characters used to identify and classify orbiniids are reviewed. The biogeographic and bathymetric distributions of the South American and Southern Ocean orbiniid fauna are reviewed.
Global Climatologies of Eulerian and Lagrangian Flow Features based on ERA-Interim
Authors: Sprenger Michael , Fragkoulidis Georgios , Binder Hanin , Croci-Maspoli Mischa , Graf Pascal , Grams Christian M. , Knippertz Peter , Madonna Erica , Schemm Sebastian , Škerlak Bojan , Wernli Heini
Published: January 2017

This paper introduces a newly compiled set of feature-based climatologies identified from ERA-Interim (1979–2014). Two categories of flow features are considered: (i) Eulerian climatologies of jet streams, tropopause folds, surface fronts, cyclones and anticyclones, blocks, and potential vorticity streamers and cutoffs and (ii) Lagrangian climatologies, based on a large ensemble of air parcel trajectories, of stratosphere–troposphere exchange, warm conveyor belts, and tropical moisture exports. Monthly means of these feature climatologies are openly available at the ETH Zürich web page (http://eraiclim.ethz.ch) and are annually updated. Datasets at higher resolution can be obtained from the authors on request. These feature climatologies allow studying the frequency, variability, and trend of atmospheric phenomena and their interrelationships across temporal scales. To illustrate the potential of this dataset, boreal winter climatologies of selected features are presented and, as a first application, the very unusual Northern Hemispheric winter of 2009/10 is identified as the season when most of the considered features show maximum deviations from climatology. The second application considers dry winters in the western United States and reveals fairly localized anomalies in the eastern North Pacific of enhanced blocking and surface anticyclones and reduced cyclones.
Neutrality, Interpretation, and Therapeutic Intent
Authors: Levy Steven T. , Inderbitzin Lawrence B.
Published: January 2017

Neutrality is a central concept within the theory of psychoanalytic technique. We spell out the major controversies in which the concept has become embroiled, and provide a definition that we believe coincides with actual psychoanalytic practice. We discuss its merits and weaknesses, noting also the negative consequences of relying on older definitions. We relate neutrality to the interpretive process, indicating ways interpretation protects neutrality and is made more effective by it. We discuss the complex and controversial relation between neutrality and the analyst's therapeutic intent.
The Concept of the Therapeutic Alliance
Authors: Meissner W. W.
Published: January 2017

Certain conceptual aspects of the therapeutic alliance are considered. Although therapeutic alliance, transference, and the real relation are intermingled and intertwined in the actuality of the analytic relationship, they remain distinguishable and open to differentiating analysis. The distinctions between the therapeutic alliance and transference, and between alliance and the real relation, are explored and their differences clarified, including the difference between therapeutic misalliances and transferences. Some of the component dimensions of the therapeutic alliance are explored, including empathy, the therapeutic framework, responsibility, authority, freedom, trust, autonomy, initiative, and ethical considerations including values and confidentiality. Further exploration of these and other dimensions of the therapeutic alliance is called for, especially the extension of these dimensions to their practical clinical application.
Scaled School Assessments: The Effect of Measurement Errors in the Scaling Test
Authors: Sadler D. Royce
Published: January 2017

In Queensland, school assessment scores at the completion of secondary school are adjusted to achieve a measure of statewide comparability across subjects and across schools. All students whose scores are to be scaled complete a scholastic aptitude test which serves as the common reference test for all subjects. Inevitably such tests are to some extent fallible. Unreliability in the reference test introduces unwanted error into the scaled scores. Several Monte Carlo experiments were conducted to estimate the seriousness of this error for various student group sizes and for a range of student abilities. The results show that the error is not negligible for small and moderately sized groups. Care is therefore needed in interpreting and making decisions based on small differences in single and aggregated adjusted scores, especially for students of high ability.
Different but Equal? Dilemmas in the Reform of Girls' Education
Authors: Foster Victoria
Published: January 2017

This article presents a critique of attempts to achieve equality for young women in education. It examines from a philosophical perspective some important issues in reform efforts which, it is argued, have received insufficient attention in educational theorising. These include the public-private dichotomy within education and attempts to increase young women's access to, and participation in, the male-dominated subject areas of mathematics, science and technology. These issues are then related to a significant Australian curriculum strategy, the gender inclusive curriculum and briefly to current proposals to achieve gender equity.
Active imagination in Jung's Answer to Job
Authors: Welland Malcolm
Published: January 2017

The first part of C. G. Jung's Answer to Job is often misunderstood because of Jung's very emotional and personal attack on the figure of Yahweh. This article offers an examination of the first part of Answer to Job as an example of Jung's psychological technique of active imagination. The second part of the book then can be seen as a product of Jung's personal confrontation with the dark aspect of the God-image.
La religion de l'imaginaire à l'époque des communications
Authors: Létourneau Alain
Published: January 2017

L'interrogation s'amorce devant le phénomène de la ré-appropriation par les industries culturelles de figures empruntées aux religions, et demande quelles catégories pourraient le mieux nous aider à penser ce phénomène. Ceci demande de réfléchir à notre jugement devant ce phénomène, d'exposer notre position méthodologique et de donner une hypothèse sur le redéploiement du religieux aujourd'hui, ainsi que de donner les jalons d'une définition large de la religion; la question de la réception retient spécialement l'attention. La discussion porte surtout sur deux catégories utilisées pour rendre compte de l'état contemporain de la culture, la «postmodernité» et la «sécularisation», particulièrement utilisées dans les sciences de la religion. Bien qu'utiles, elles s'avèrent peu susceptibles d'éclairer l'état actuel de la culture, mieux décrit par l'idée de «l'âge de la communication narrative de masse».
La quête de sens et de transcendance en counselling : importance et discernement à l'aide de la phénoménologie
Authors: Fortin Gilles , Denys Jozef , Carignan Maurice , Gagnon Christiane
Published: January 2017

Prenant pour acquis qu'il existe en chaque être humain des valeurs et des absolus qui le transcendent, le présent article souligne l'importance de les prendre en compte dans le processus de counselling. La phénoménologie y est proposée comme méthode privilégiée pour cerner cette quête de sens et de transcendance. Une étude menée auprès d'un sujet en consultation confirme le bien-fondé de l'utilisation de cette méthode. La conclusion dégage les implications pour le counselling pastoral.
State Power and its Limits
Authors: Spalding Rose J.
Published: January 2017

Several analysts of Mexican politics have suggested that the Mexican State is largely autonomous and exercises substantial control over that country's policy development process. This study, however, argues that while the state has considerable autonomy, there also major limitations to its power. Using the development of the rural social security system during the Echeverría administration (1970-1976) as its focal point, this work analyzes both the extent and the limitations of state power in Mexico. First, the existence of bureaucratic enclaves which are not fully penetrated by the executive is found to limit presidential ability to dictate policy outcomes. Second, the realities of dependent capitalist development are also found to accentuate the state's attentiveness to business elites, reducing its ability to pursue an independent course.
Swedish and Norwegian Attitudes towards the United States
Authors: Grothe Peter
Published: January 2017

This study, based on a paper given to the 1975 annual convention of the American Political Science Association, gives the results of questionnaires filled out by more than 2,800 Swedes and Norwegians. Swedes and Norwegians who had been to the United States were compared with control groups of their fellow countrymen who had not been there regarding their perceptions of America. Further, those who had been to the United States were asked about their perceptions of their own countries. The data showed that on most – but not all – indicators, those who had been to America were more positive than the control groups who had not been there. Scandinavians who had been to America were particularly positive about American personality characteristics but were negative about the perceived lack of a comprehensive social welfare system in the U.S. Scandinavians who had been to America seemed to return home both more appreciative and more critical of some aspects of their own countries.
Family Wars
Authors: Murray Don
Published: January 2017

Several writers have noticed the curious parallel between the symbols of Serbian and of Ulster protestant nationalism. Both the Serbs and the Ulstermen present their ancestors as the last bastion of true religion against the infidel. From there it is a small step to see the present-day battle as merely a continuation of that struggle.
Peer interaction as mechanism for providing timely and accessible feedback to a large undergraduate class
Authors: Trengove Estelle
Published: January 2017

Feedback to students on their work is recognized as crucially important in higher education, but as classes at universities become larger, it is becoming more and more difficult for teachers to give their students effective feedback. There is a large body of work on giving feedback on essays and postgraduate writing, but there is very little on giving feedback to undergraduate students in engineering classes. Feedback has particular value if it facilitates students’ learning. It is therefore not necessary for the teacher to give feedback – feedback from peers is equally valuable if it facilitates learning. This paper explores the comments submitted by students about a peer interaction that was introduced in a first-year engineering class. It investigates whether this intervention could comprise effective feedback by comparing the format of the intervention and the student comments to two models from the literature on feedback. The analysis shows that the intervention was successful in providing feedback that was helpful to students in the sense that it helped to draw them into deeper learning approaches.
Absence in the Aftermath
Authors: Kalman Julie , Doron Daniella
Published: January 2017

An estimated six million European Jews perished during the Second World War. Jews had been implanted right throughout Europe. Whether as integrated citizens, or as significant others, they contributed to the fabric of societies all over Europe in unique and significant ways. At the end of the war, much of Europe lay in waste. Yet almost all over the continent, societies were also forced to re-organize themselves to become places that no longer had a Jewish community. How were European narratives shaped and re-shaped around those great holes in the fabric of daily life? How did surviving Jews experience the absence of families, friends, and former national and ethnic communities? The scholarship of memory has established that the way that nations remember selectively can tell us about their processes of building national mythologies and identities. Presences, too, can be used and abused, calculated to evoke or elide a significant absence. The idea of absence gives us a framework for making sense of those traces. Thinking about the aftermath of the Second World War and the Holocaust in terms of absence offers new insight into the nature of postwar life in Europe and processes of rebuilding, of recasting national stories, and reimagining.
Did Lady Macbeth Have a Mind Diseas'd'? (A Medico-Legal Enigma)
Authors: Prins Herschel
Published: January 2017

The character of Lady Macbeth has often been presented as evil and demonic. In this contribution, an attempt is made to show her in a somewhat different light; in doing so, some implications for forensic-psychiatric practice are suggested.

‘Cann'st thou not minister to a mind diseas'd…?’

(Macbeth, to his wife's physician: V:i: 40)1
1. Fatal Air Pressure Injuries of the Intestine: A Case Report
Authors: Gupta B D , Jani C B
Published: January 2017

This is a case report of a worker in a big industrial company. He was injured by air, which forcefully entered into his body through his anus while he and his three co-workers were having fun with an air tube. He succumbed to his injuries. Details of the case are described. It is presented due to its rarity.
Do Medico-Legal Truths Have More Power than War Lies? About the Conflicts in the Former Yugoslavia and in Kosovo
Authors: De La Grandmaison G Lorin , Durigon M
Published: January 2017

War crimes perpetrated during the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and in Kosovo prompted medicolegal investigations of mass graves as required by the International Criminal Tribunal (ICT). In spite of natural and methodological boundaries, these investigations were able to help to identify the victims and to discover the clues and evidence that are likely to support objectively the indictments brought by the ICT. However, the medico-legal data cannot explain everything. They should be exploited very carefully in order to avoid any error of interpretation.
A Cross-Sectional Study Which Measures the Prevalence and Characteristics of Prisoners Who Report a Family History of Epilepsy
Authors: Fearnley D , Zaatar Ali
Published: January 2017

Epilepsy is often a familial disorder, although it is not known if relatives of an epileptic proband suffer from any psychological disorders, even without a clinical manifestation of epilepsy. The present study considers this concept in the setting of the largest male prison in Europe, HMP Liverpool. The study formed part of the National Prison Needs Assessment Survey, and consisted of a cross-sectional, questionnaire study. There was a high response rate, and the results indicate that prisoners have a high prevalence of a family history of epilepsy. The study also showed that prisoners who report such a history have significantly more psychological symptoms than those prisoners without such a family history. The conclusion is that the psychological health of relatives of those with epilepsy requires further investigation because the morbidity is higher than expected and may be associated with offending behaviour.
Homicide by Improvised Explosive Device Made Out of Firecrackers
Authors: Verma S K
Published: January 2017

Explosion is a phenomenon resulting from a sudden release of energy dissipated by: (1) blast wave; (2) translocation of objects; and (3) generation of heat. There are different types of explosive devices varying from sophisticated military bombs to simple firecrackers. These are made from various kinds of explosive materials. Sophisticated bombs are used in war and military operations to kill one's enemies, while simple firecrackers are meant for expressing joy and celebration. Here, the author reports an unusual case of homicide by the manufacture of an improvised explosive device from simple firecrackers. In India, these firecrackers are widely and freely available all over the country. The case highlights the fatal hazard resulting from easy access to these potentially dangerous devices, apart from the environmental pollution produced by their large scale use at the time of festivals in this country.
Incipient Alzheimer's Disease as the Underlying Cause of a Motor Vehicle Crash
Authors: Kibayashi Kazuhiko , Shojo Hideki
Published: January 2017

A 75-year-old female driver died in a single vehicle crash. A forensic autopsy diagnosed the cause of death as blood loss due to laceration of the liver caused by the crash. Although she had neither clinical history of dementia nor gross abnormalities of the brain, neuropathological examinations showed a substantial number of senile plaques indicative of Alzheimer's disease (AD). An interview with a family member revealed that she had symptoms of dementia. Cognitive dysfunction due to AD was proposed as the underlying cause of the crash. It is recommended that forensic autopsy of older drivers should include neuropathological examinations to identify incipient AD. Recognition of AD as an underlying cause of crashes is also important to promote the health care of older people.
The National Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity among Prisoners and the Future of Prison Healthcare
Authors: Coid Jeremy , Bebbington Paul , Jenkins Rachel , Brugha Traolach , Lewis Glyn , Farrell Michael , Singleton Nicola
Published: January 2017

It has long been known that psychiatric disorders are highly prevalent among prisoners (Coid, 1984; Gunn et al., 1991; Maden et al., 1995; Joukamaa, 1995; Bland et al., 1998; Lamb and Weinberger, 1998). However, the Survey of Psychiatric Morbidity Among Prisoners in England and Wales (Singleton et al., 1998) represents a considerable advance on earlier surveys. By using the same standardized psychiatric assessment procedures, and similar questions on medication, service use and social functioning, its findings can be compared with previous national surveys of adults living in private households (Meltzer et al., 1995), residents in institutions (Meltzer et al., 1996), homeless persons (Gill et al., 1996), and with the forthcoming household survey in England, Wales and Scotland. It should also inform the future organisation of healthcare for prisoners, following recent recommendations from a joint Home Office/Department of Health Working Party that Health Authorities must work with prisons in their catchment areas to carry out joint health needs assessments, agree prison healthcare improvement strategies and jointly plan and commission services (HM Prison Service and NHS Executive 1999). The ultimate test of the survey will be whether it provides a benchmark to evaluate the future effectiveness of the new policy changes.
3. Post-Mortem Castration by a Dog: A Case Report
Authors: Romain Nathalie , Brandt-Casadevall Conxita , Dimo-Simonin Noëlle , Michaud Katarzyna , Mangin Patrice , Papilloud Joëlle
Published: January 2017

A man was found dead in a room where two dogs and a cat were wandering freely. His legs were bare and his underpants presented a few small tears. The deceased exhibited a partial emasculation but with only a small amount of bleeding. No other significant injuries were found, particularly no defence lesions. Death was natural, caused by the rupture of a myocardial infarct. A small piece of connective tissue was found in the gastric contents of one of the dogs. This fragment, as well as bloodstained hairs from its jaws, were analysed for DNA.
Two Seats—One Fire
Authors: Anderson J. , Walls H. J.
Published: January 2017

It is a general principle familiar to all fire investigators that the occurrence or discovery of two or more apparently independent seats of fire is prima facie evidence of malicious firing. Cases have been reported (see, e.g., Nickolls,1 Walls 2) in which this initial presumption was wrong, but these have been rare enough to make that here described worthy of notice.
River Pollution
Authors: Varley Margaret E.
Published: January 2017

A biological survey often reveals the degree and type ot river pollution. High temperatures, high turbidity and toxic chemicals cause the disappearance of many members of the normal flora and fauna. Organic wastes, e.g., sewage, support large numbers of organisms which cause decay and there is a succession downstream of special pollution communities of animals usually found in stagnant, still waters.
The Immunological Identification of Foetal Haemoglobin in Bloodstains in Infanticide and Associated Crimes
Authors: Baxter S. J. , Rees B.
Published: January 2017

An anti-human foetal haemoglobin reagent has been assessed for the identification of foetal haemoglobin in bloodstains encountered in forensic serology. The results obtained experimentally on known material have been augmented in a ‘blind’ survey involving stains made from 38 separate cord blood samples. These results establish that this reagent when used in conjunction with anti-human haemoglobin reagent can successfully differentiate cord blood stains from those of adult blood. The methods described represent an improvement on those previously available for the identification of foetal haemoglobin in bloodstains.
Wood and the Law
Authors: Richardson B. A.
Published: January 2017

As consultants on the deterioration and preservation of structural materials, particularly wood and stone, Penarth Research Centre provides advisory and experimental services to industrial and Governmental organizations in many parts of the world. In addition to this routine work the Centre carries out special investigations and this article describes some of those in which wood has been involved in crimes, accidents, or civil litigations. The tasks vary from simple tests to check whether a preservation treatment has been carried out correctly to complex investigations into accidents and frauds.
A Retrospective Study of Interstitial Pneumonitis (‘Viral’ Pneumonia) as a Cause of Sudden and Unexpected Natural Death
Authors: David C. P. , Sein Khin Khin , Lung Hau Kong
Published: January 2017

A five year survey established interstitial pneumonitis to be the major cause of sudden and unexpected death under the age of 40. A total of 255 cases was reviewed. There was prevalence in infants under the age of 12 months and in the males of the other age groups. 79.9 per cent of cases died in their sleep and 38.8 per cent had preceding ‘flu’-like symptoms. Chronic heart or lung diseases were present in 7.8 per cent of cases. The influenza group of viruses is suggested to be the aetiological agent and further studies are being planned.
Rhabdomyolysis with Hyperkalaemia after Aminophylline Overdose
Authors: Wight J. P. , Laurence S. , Holt S. , Forrest A. R. W.
Published: January 2017

A case of rhabdomyolysis associated with hyperkalaemia and renal failure following an overdose of Aminophylline is reported. Whilst rhabdomyolysis has been reported previously in a patient without hyperkalaemia who survived, it is not a recognized complication of Aminophylline overdose but may have fatal results.
Massive Brain Tissue and Fat Pulmonary Embolism following Severe Head Injury
Authors: Torry J. M.
Published: January 2017

The case described is that of a 60-year-old male who fell from a ladder and sustained a severe fracture of the skull. At post-mortem an established infarct of the right lower lung lobe was found, related to an unusually pale embolus in the lobar artery and its branches. Histological examination demonstrated the embolic material to be composed of brain tissue.

Tissue embolism to the pulmonary tree is a frequent finding in traumatic deaths but the unusual nature of this case is worthy of note.
Diagnosis of Sudden Coronary Death in the Autopsy Room: Guidelines for Forensic Pathologists
Authors: Elfawal M. A. , Wheatley D. J.
Published: January 2017

The pathological techniques employed in examining cases of sudden coronary death can vary widely. Visual assessment of coronary narrowing can lead to over-estimation of the true stenosis and may result in overdiagnosis of sudden coronary death. On the other hand, inappropriate examination of the whole epicardial coronary tree while searching for acute coronary lesions may lead to underdiagnosis. The approach recommended in this paper should minimize the possibility of such errors in the diagnosis of sudden coronary death.
The Estimation of Tooth Age from Attrition of the Occlusal Surface
Authors: Hongwei Song , Jingtao Jia
Published: January 2017

Age estimation in unidentified bodies is inaccurate. Usually only a broad range of ages, such as 20–30 years or 30–50 years, can be given, especially when postmortem change has occurred. Thus there is a real need in routine forensic practice for greater accuracy. Takei (1970, 1981), looked at the relationship between teeth and age by using the ‘Theory of Quantification’. Song and Jia (1987). extended the use of this technique, adding multiple stepwise regression analysis, to the statistical examination of data derived from the study of attrition of the occlusal surfaces of teeth. The computer model thus derived provides a basis for an accurate assessment of age from qualitative material. This paper discusses the technique and is based upon the findings made during a study of the degree of occlusal attrition in 880 people, living in rural and urban areas of the Liaoning province of the People's Republic of China.
A Forensic Dental Identification System with Error Tolerant Algorithms and a Review of the Prevalence of Errors Occurring in Dental Records
Authors: Prinz J F
Published: January 2017

After a major disaster, identification of the victims may have to be performed by comparison of the ante-mortem and post-mortem dental records. Ante-mortem records often contain errors and these must be identified, and compensated for in some way.

A computer system for the comparison of large numbers of ante-mortem and post-mortem dental records has been developed, using algorithms which are able to compensate for errors in the records.

Data has been collected on the prevalence of errors in dental charts. These were found in 45% of a sample of 50 records.

Since matches found by the system may be due to coincidence, a score is computed for each record based on its “uniqueness”. This allows a confidence limit to be placed on any matches found between the ante-mortem and post-mortem records.
Is Psychopathic Disorder a Treatable Condition?
Authors: Tennent G , Tennent D , Prins H , Bedford A
Published: January 2017

This article extends upon material presented in a previous issue of this journal ( Med. Sci. Law, 1990, 30, 39–44). Three groups of respondents were asked to comment upon the degree to which they considered psychopathic disorder to be a treatable condition. The modest findings suggest that although few clear cut views exist as to the best treatment modality there are firmer indications as to those thought to be unhelpful.
6. Trichomonas Vaginalis Infection in Pre-Pubertal Girls
Authors: Ross J D C , Scott G R , Busuttil A
Published: January 2017

This short paper discusses the implications of Trichomonas vaginalis infection of the genital tract in children with respect to suspected child abuse. Two case reports are described to illustrate the problems that can arise in the investigation of such cases. T. vaginalis is usually transmitted sexually but the potential for non-sexual transmission does exist.
Unexpected Death of Psychiatric Patients: Suicide, Misadventure, Accident or Unsolved Mystery?
Authors: Salib Emad , Joseph Ann , Cawley Sheila
Published: January 2017

We examined the association between the psychiatric history of patients who were the subjects of a coroner's inquest and the recorded verdict, in a seven-year retrospective review.

A suicide verdict was less frequently returned on patients who had inpatient psychiatric treatment compared to other unexpected deaths. History and diagnosis of an alcohol-related condition, method of death and intimation of intent were the main factors that appeared to be associated with the coroner's verdict. Age, sex, duration of illness, time and number of admissions, previous suicide attempts and treatment received did not appear to be significantly associated with the recorded verdict.
5. Querulous Behaviour
Authors: Ungvari G S , Pang A H T , Wong C K
Published: January 2017

A case of querulous paranoia is reported and the diagnostic, treatment and legal aspects of querulous-litigious behaviour are summarized.
Interest Rate Demands and Television Viewing—Is a Single Exposure More Influential Than Routine Viewing?
Authors: Hetsroni Amir , Reizer Abira , Ben Zion Uri
Published: January 2017

This study examined the impact of media consumption, and particularly exposure to television, on decisions regarding interest rate demands. One hundred and fifty-four participants were randomly divided into two groups: in the manipulation group, participants were exposed to a news clip about an Iranian nuclear attack on Israel, whereas in the control group, the participants were not exposed to the film. Both groups filled a questionnaires regarding their interest rate requirements in different situations, their media conception behaviors, and demographic questionnaires. Frequent routine viewing increased the interest rate demands only among participants in the manipulation group, but the manipulation itself did not have a significant effect on interest rate demands. The results are explained in terms of cultivation theory.
The Utilisation of a Day-Surgery Unit for Direct-Current (DC) Cardioversion of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Moncrieff J. , Dunn F. G. , Hogg K. J.
Published: January 2017

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Current practice aims to restore sinus rhythm (SR), although the question of whether rate or rhythm control is the optimal approach for these patients remains unanswered. The most established method of restoring SR in patients with AF of duration greater than 48 hours is external direct-current cardioversion (DCC). This is a descriptive paper summarising how we utilised the hospital's day surgery unit for the provision of DCC for patients with AF in order to provide a more efficient service and allow an increased number of procedures to be conducted. We describe the reasons for setting up the service and the methods involved. We also summarise the advantages associated with this new system.
Discrepancies in the Detection and Management of Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Eight Years after Publication of Guidelines
Authors: Jutley R. S. , Mason R. , Cockburn J. S.
Published: January 2017

The British Thoracic Society (BTS) guidelines for the detection and management of spontaneous pneumothorax have been published for over eight years. The condition continues to be managed by surgical and medical staff, especially in DGH settings. This study evaluates any recognition and initial management discrepancies in a uncomplicated pneumothorax case and documents any deviancies from guidelines A study involving 112 staff was performed in a DGH. Results showed poor overall recognition of any published guidelines (32%) with only six staff correctly identifying BTS guidelines. There was no difference between medical and surgical or consultant and junior staff in the management strategy. A tendency to initially over-treat the condition with invasive chest drainage rather than aspiration was noted. Also, there was a tendency to underestimate the size of collapse using percentages. The need for greater appreciation of detection and management of this common condition remains extant and must be addressed aggressively.
Neurogenic Pulmonary Oedema Induced by Bacterial Meningitis: A Case Report
Authors: D'Souza R. , Kerr F.
Published: January 2017

We report a case of neurogenic pulmonary oedema occurring in association with bacterial meningitis. An 87 year old man suddenly developed severe dyspnoea without cardiac failure (MUGA scan ejection fraction 47%). Radiographs showed pulmonary oedema. A few hours later he developed signs of meningitis and lumbar puncture suggested a partially treated bacterial meningitis. We suspect that the bacterial meningitis had induced neurogenic pulmonary oedema.
Negative-Antibody Paraneoplastic Syndrome Complicating Small Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Farrugia M. E.
Published: January 2017

The neurological paraneoplastic syndromes represent nonmetastatic complications of cancer and may affect several levels of the nervous system. They are thought to be immunologically-mediated. The syndrome predates the diagnosis of cancer by months to years in two thirds of cases. We report the case of a female patient presenting with a cerebellar syndrome and a sensory neuronopathy on a background of severe weight loss. We searched for occult malignancy and later diagnosed her to be suffering from a paraneoplastic syndrome secondary to small cell carcinoma of the lung. Paraneoplastic antibodies were negative. She was subsequently treated with chemotherapy.
An Unusual Cause of Chest Pain
Authors: McLeod AL , Dewhurst NG
Published: January 2017

Pericardial cysts are rare mediastinal cysts, which are commonly asymptomatic. We report the case of a middle-aged lady, with a previous short history of chest pain, who was found to have a focal pericardial density, felt to have been a consequence of haemorrhage into such a cyst
Do Junior House Officers Routinely Test Visual Acuity and Perform Ophthalmoscopy ?
Authors: Ang G. S. , Dhillon B.
Published: January 2017

Our objective was to assess junior house officer (JHO) practice of visual acuity testing and ophthalmoscopy in clerking patients.

Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire-based study using a standardised structured interview technique.

Setting: A Scottish university teaching hospital employing 65 JHOs.

Participants: All medical and surgical JHOs from this hospital were interviewed over a three month period.

Main outcome measures: Questionnaire-based data on the subjective responses studying current practice of visual acuity testing, and direct ophthalmoscopy with and without topical mydriatics.

Results: 18.5% and 4.6% of participants perform daily ophthalmoscopy and visual acuity testing respectively.

Most do not routinely use the Snellen chart (80.0%) or topical mydriatics during ophthalmoscopy (75.4%). JHOs claimed these were not easily available in the wards.

Conclusions: The majority of JHOs fail to test visual acuity or perform ophthalmoscopy in clerking patients. This study highlights the poor availability of Snellen charts, functioning ophthalmoscopes, and topical mydriatics in the wards. This warrants further investigation.
Temporal Scanner Thermometry: A New Method of Core Temperature Estimation in ICU Patients
Authors: Myny D , Waele J De , Defloor T , Blot S , Colardyn F
Published: January 2017

Background and Aims: Temperature measurement is a routine task of patient care, with considerable clinical impact, especially in the ICU. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy and variability of the Temporal Artery Thermometer (TAT) in ICU-patients. Therefore, a convenience sample of 57 adult patients, with indwelling pulmonary artery catheters (PAC) in a 40-bed intensive care unit in a university teaching hospital was used. Methods: The study design was a prospective, descriptive comparative analysis. Body temperature was thereby measured simultaneously with the TAT and the Axillary Thermometer (AT), and was compared with the temperature recording of the PAC. The use of vasoactive medication was recorded. Results and conclusions: Mean temperature of all measurements was: PAC: 37.1°C (SD: 0.87), TAT: 37.0°C (SD: 0.68) and axillary thermometer: 36.6°C (SD: 0.94). The measurements of the TAT and the PAC were not significantly different (mean difference: 0.14°C; SD: 0.51; p= 0.33); whereas the measurements of the PAC and the AT differed significantly (mean difference: 0.46°C; SD: 0.39; p< 0.001). Mean difference in PAC versus TAT analyses, between patients with vasopressor therapy (0.12°C; SD: 0.55), and without vasopressor therapy (0.19°C; SD: 0.48) was not statistically significant (p= 0.47). Conclusion: We can conclude that the temporal scanner has a relatively good reliability with an acceptable accuracy and variability in patients with normothermia. The results are comparable to those of the AT, but they do not seem to be sufficient to prove any substantial benefit compared to rectal, oral or bladder thermometry.
Metastatic Carcinoma Presenting as Cranial Nerve Palsy
Authors: Kumudhan D , Jamieson A , Sanders R
Published: January 2017

Adult onset, multiple oculo-motor nerve palsies are usually due to neoplasia and trauma. We report two cases whose initial presenting sign was oculo-motor cranial nerve palsy and were later found to have metastatic carcinoma.
Admission Proforma Significantly Improves the Medical Record
Authors: Diver A J , Craig B F
Published: January 2017

The authors worked in a busy regional fracture unit, where it was noted that important data was being omitted from medical notes. In an attempt to improve on this, an admission proforma was formulated. This was designed to be easily and quickly completed. Notes were audited on two separate weeks, the first before, and the second after introduction of the proforma. The overall results demonstrate statistically significant improvements in documentation with a proforma, and concur with the limited previous literature in this area.
Atypical Anti-Psychotics in the Real World -A Naturalistic Comparative Outcome Study
Authors: Taylor M , Turner M , Watt L , Brown D , Martin M , Fraser K
Published: January 2017

Background: There are few real life independent comparative studies of atypical antipsychotics. We prospectively examined five commonly used atypical antipychotics in the UK, without support from the pharmaceutical industry. Method: Prospective naturalistic systematic clinical evaluation. Patients being newly prescribed atypical anti-psychotics over a one year period were assessed by psychiatrists at initiation and after six months treatment using five outcome measures: clinical global impression; positive and negative psychotic symptoms; drug related side effects; and quality of life. Results: 373 patients participated in total. Olanzapine and risperidone produced statistically significant reductions in all ratings at stx months. Amisulpride, clozapine, and quetiapine were also studied. There was limited variance between the different drugs, although some sample sizes were small. Conclusion: Atypical anti-psychotics were found to be clinically effective, and produced similar outcomes. Routine monitoring of outcomes in psychiatry is feasible.
The Impact of an Extreme Sports Event on a District General Hospital
Authors: Carmont M R , Daynes R , Sedgwick D M
Published: January 2017

Background: Extreme sports events are increasing in popularity, particularly in mountainous areas throughout Great Britain. Emergency medical care for these events is usually provided by voluntary organisations, providing event side first aid and referring patients to nearby District General Hospitals. The Fort William Mountain Bike Race is part of the UCI World Cup Series: 173 competitors racing in cross country, downhill and 4X events. The Belford Hospital provides year round medical care for the Lochaber community, which frequently swells during the tourist season. The hospital has 8300 new attendances per annum, 35 patient reviews per 24 hrs. Methods and Results: We have reviewed the impact of the event on the local hospital. In total 52 riders reported 61 injuries. The hospital treated 24 (14%) riders. Retrospective analysis of attendances has revealed 19 riders attended on race days, increasing attendees by up to 28%, 46% of injured riders were seen at the A&E department, 1 rider requiring admission for observation and 1 rider required inter-hospital transfer. Injury patterns (knee 20%, hand/wrist 18% & shoulder 18%) were similar to other reported series. Conclusions: We believe that extreme sports events can have considerable impact on small district general hospitals. Additional triage and staffing resources should be utilised and event organisers should anticipate the additional problems they present to the local community. District General Hospitals continue to provide a substantial contribution to the provision of health care for extreme sports within the UK.
A Review of the Use of Routine Data on CHD in General Practice Research in Scotland
Authors: McLean G
Published: January 2017

Background: The primary aim of the Platform Project is to maximise the use of routine data for-primary care research in Scotland. Aims: To assess the extent to which routine data ts available and has been used in studies on CHD in General Practice research in Scotland. To assess the advantages and limitations of using routine data in this setting Methods: Literature review using a variety of databases catalogues and websites, bibliographies of articles retrieved and searching through journals by hand not available electronically. Results: This review has found that the use of routine data in CHD studies in General Practice research in Scotland remains small. There has been little work undertaken which has combined the use of routine data with other research methods. Limitations with routine data exist particularly with regard to risk factors and ethnicity. However, despite such limitations there exists an increasingly extensive range of data, which exists to help explain tends in CHD, which so far has been largely underused.
Li-Fraumeni Syndrome: A Case Report and Discussion
Authors: Hendry P , Whitford P
Published: January 2017

Li-Fraumeni syndrome is a rare cause of breast cancer. It should be considered in cancer cases where a genetic link is suspected. It impacts dramatically on treatment and has major implications for the patient and their family.
Lupoid Hepatitis of Late Onset
Authors: Murdoch J. C. , MacSween R. N. M.
Published: January 2017

Three cases of lupoid hepatitis according to the definition of Mackay et al. (1965) are presented.

To comply with this definition such cases should have (a) evidence of continuing hepatitis, as manifested by elevated levels of transaminases, associated with a relapsing jaundice; (b) hypergammaglobulinaemia; (c) liver biopsy showing cirrhosis, ‘piece mealrsquo; liver cell necrosis and lymphocyte and plasma cell infiltrate; and (d) improvement on immunosuppressive agents such as corticosteroids. Furthermore there should be evidence of systemic lupus erythematosus in the form of anti-nuclear factor or positive L.E. cell test or minor manifestations of S.L.E.

Each patient was aged 50 or over at the onset of symptoms, an unusual finding, as most patients studied have been aged 21 or under at onset. The modes of presentation were (1) recurrent obstructive ***aundice; (2) recurrent haematemesis and melaena; and (3) polyarthritis and hepatomegaly. The co-existence of other diseases thought to have an auto-immune basis is noted in 2 cases.

The need for a common definition of this disorder is stressed as the condition has been described by various authors with varying criteria for diagnosis. The possible aetiologies of the condition are discussed. It is thought that these studies lend support to the suggestion that lupoid hepatitis is a disease of auto-immune aetiology.
Differential Psychological Effects of Early and Late Mobilisation after Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Groden B. M. , Brown R. I. F.
Published: January 2017

Two groups of male patients who had survived an acute myocardial infarction and who were treated by alternative regimes of early or late mobilisation were given psychological tests on leaving hospital and at follow-up approximately one year later.

Test scores on neuroticism, extroversion and lying from the Eysenck Personality Inventory were analysed showing that: (1) both groups studied increased their neuroticism scores and decreased their extroversion scores over the follow-up period; (2) the earlier mobilised group had lower neuroticism scores on leaving hospital; and (3) at the end of the follow-up period there was no significant difference between early and late mobilised groups in extroversion and neuroticism scores.

It is suggested that the initial advantages of earlier mobilisation in producing optimism in the patient may be lost when the patient is returned to his home environment.
A Survey of Student Opinion on Optional Courses in the Medical Curriculum
Authors: Hall D. J. , Baird D. A.
Published: January 2017

To assist the University Working Party on the medical curriculum medical students in the second, third, fourth and fifth years at Aberdeen University were asked to complete a questionnaire giving their views on the concept of optional subjects being included in the pre-clinical part of the medical course. Seventy-eight per cent of students who returned questionnaires were in favour of optional courses, and 19 per cent were against. Of those in favour, 74 per cent wished to have non medical options and 26 per cent medical options. The most requested non-medical subjects were Psychology, Sociology and English Literature. The most requested pre-clinical subjects were Human Ecology, Genetics and Physiology. There was a sharp division between students interested only in medicine and those interested in acquiring a broader education.