bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calcium manganite as oxygen electrode materials for reversible solid oxide fuel cell
Authors: Ni Chengsheng , Irvine John T. S.
Published: April 2015

For an efficient high-temperature reversible solid oxide fuel cell (RSOFC), the oxygen electrode should be highly active for the conversion between oxygen anions and oxygen gas. CaMnO3−δ (CM) is a perovskite that can be readily reduced with the formation of Mn3+ giving rise to oxygen defective phases. CM is examined here as the oxygen electrode for a RSOFC. CaMn0.9Nb0.1O3−δ (CMN) with Nb doping shows superior electric conductivity (125 S cm−1 at 700 °C) compared with CM (1–5 S cm−1 at 700 °C) in air which is also examined for comparison. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data show that CM and CMN are compatible with the widely used yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte up to 950 °C. Both materials show a thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) close to 10.8–10.9 ppm K−1 in the temperature range between 100–750 °C, compatible with that of YSZ. Polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra for both fuel cell and steam electrolysis modes were investigated at 700 °C, showing that CM presented a polarization resistance of 0.059 Ω cm2 under a cathodic bias of −0.4 V while CMN gave a polarization resistance of 0.081 Ω cm2 under an anodic bias of 0.4 V. The phase stability up to 900 °C of these materials was investigated with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and variable temperature XRD.
Improvement of glycemic control in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by Atlantic salmon skin gelatin hydrolysate as the dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitor
Authors: Hsieh C. H. , Wang T. Y. , Hung C. C. , Chen M. C. , Hsu K. C.
Published: April 2015

FSGH has the function of inhibiting GLP-1 degradation by DPP-IV, resulting in the enhancement of insulin secretion and improvement of glycemic control in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
Production and anti-diabetic activity of soluble dietary fiber from apricot pulp by Trichoderma viride fermentation
Authors: Cui Jie , Gu Xin , Zhang Qiaohui , Ou Yangjie , Wang Jianzhong
Published: April 2015

Soluble dietary fiber (SDF) was prepared byTrichoderma viridefermentation by using apricot pulp as the raw material.
Cardanol-based oligomers with “hard core, flexible shell” structures: from synthesis to UV curing applications
Authors: Liu Ren , Zhu Guigang , Li Zhiquan , Liu Xiaoya , Chen Zhigang , Ariyasivam Sharonie
Published: April 2015

UV cured polymers based on cardanol exhibit excellent mechanical properties due to the unique “hard core, flexible shell” structures of the hyperbranched renewable oligomers.
Automated co-culture system for spatiotemporal analysis of cell-to-cell communication
Authors: Frank Tino , Tay Savaş
Published: April 2015

We present an automated microfluidic co-culture system that allows us to study spatiotemporal signal propagation from a single activated cell to a population of cells.
Reagent pencils: a new technique for solvent-free deposition of reagents onto paper-based microfluidic devices
Authors: Mitchell Haydn T. , Noxon Isabelle C. , Chaplan Cory A. , Carlton Samantha J. , Liu Cheyenne H. , Ganaja Kirsten A. , Martinez Nathaniel W. , Immoos Chad E. , Costanzo Philip J. , Martinez Andres W.
Published: April 2015

Custom-made reagent pencils can be used in the field and extend the shelf life of sensitive reagents.
A wireless bio-sensing microfluidic chip based on resonating ‘μ-divers’
Authors: Xue Cong , Yang Chen , Xu Tiegang , Zhan Jing , Li Xinxin
Published: April 2015

A magneto-elastic resonant ‘micro-diver’ system (MER-μDS) is proposed and developed for rapid liquid-phase detection of pathogens in a wireless way.
Exploitation of complement regulatory proteins by Borrelia and Francisella
Authors: Madar Marian , Bencurova Elena , Mlynarcik Patrik , Almeida André M. , Soares Renata , Bhide Katarina , Pulzova Lucia , Kovac Andrej , Coelho Ana V. , Bhide Mangesh
Published: April 2015

BorreliaandFrancisellainteract differently with complement regulatory proteins from various hosts, which influences the disease development and ecology of pathogens.
Bilayer TiO2photoanode consisting of a nanowire–nanoparticle bottom layer and a spherical voids scattering layer for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Sun Panpan , Zhang Xintong , Wang Lingling , Li Fangchao , Wei Yongan , Wang Changhua , Liu Yichun
Published: April 2015

A bilayer TiO2photoanode prepared by a one-time spray technique on a TiO2NW array shows significantly enhanced photovoltaic performance in DSSCs.
Fabrication of TiO2nanotubes-assembled hierarchical microspheres with enhanced photocatalytic degradation activity
Authors: Wu Liangpeng , Qiu Yong , Xi Min , Li Xinjun , Cen Chaoping
Published: April 2015

TiO2nanotubes-assembled hierarchical microspheres with larger surface area and good light-harvesting capacity exhibit much higher photocatalytic degradation activity.
One-pot preparation of cationic charged Pt nanoparticles by the autocatalytic hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine
Authors: Ishida Yohei , Jirasupangkul Thatchanont , Yonezawa Tetsu
Published: April 2015

Autocatalytic synthesis of cationic charged platinum nanoparticles.
Gold nanoparticles-sensitized wide and narrow band gap TiO2 for visible light applications: a comparative study
Authors: Ansari Sajid Ali , Khan Mohammad Mansoob , Ansari Mohd Omaish , Cho Moo Hwan
Published: April 2015

Photocatalytic degradation of dyes and organic compounds by Au/P-TiO2 and Au/M-TiO2 nanocomposites under visible light irradiation.
Modulation of the properties of pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione based polymers containing 2,5-di(2-thienyl)pyrrole derivatives with different substitutions on the pyrrole unit
Authors: Agneeswari Rajalingam , Shin Insoo , Tamilavan Vellaiappillai , Lee Dal Yong , Cho Shinuk , Jin Youngeup , Park Sung Heum , Hyun Myung Ho
Published: April 2015

Properties of the pyrrole-based polymers were modulatedviathe insertion of different functional groups into the pyrrole unit.
Lanthanum ion (La3+) substituted CoFe2O4 anode material for lithium ion battery applications
Authors: Indhrajothi Rajendran , Prakash Ignacimuthu , Venkateswarlu Manne , Satyanarayana Nallani
Published: April 2015

Lanthanum (La3+) ion substitution in place of Fe3+ improves the structural stability of CoFe2O4 anode material and it also improves the oxidation reaction of Fe and Co elements and minimizes the capacity fading of the lithium ion battery.
The effect of terminal groups of viologens on their binding behaviors and thermodynamics upon complexation with sulfonated calixarenes
Authors: Wang Kui , Xing Si-Yang , Wang Xiu-Guang , Dou Hong-Xi
Published: April 2015

The effect of terminal groups of viologens on their binding behaviors with sulfonated calixarenes was systematically studied in this study.
Synthesis of polyurethane containing carbon–carbon double bonds to prepare functionalizable ultrafine fibers via electrospinning
Authors: Xue Wenwen , Zhang Lisheng , Chen Haizhen , Wang Jinggang , Na Haining , Zhu Jin
Published: April 2015

This work suggests a feasible methodology to produce a functionalized ultrafine fibrous carrier with the capacity to fabricate solid catalysts in the future.
Competitive binding-accelerated insulin release from a polypeptide nanogel for potential therapy of diabetes
Authors: Zhao Li , Xiao Chunsheng , Ding Jianxun , Zhuang Xiuli , Gai Guangqing , Wang Liyan , Chen Xuesi
Published: April 2015

A novel core cross-linked glycopolypeptide nanogel was prepared for glucose-triggered insulin delivery.
Selective CO2 adsorption in a microporous metal–organic framework with suitable pore sizes and open metal sites
Authors: Liu Bo , Jiang Ya-Hui , Li Zhi-Sen , Hou Lei , Wang Yao-Yu
Published: April 2015

A new microporous framework was constructed from uncommon ternary SBUs with a rare (5,5,5)-connected topology, which contains pores of suitable sizes and a high polarity porous system, exhibits a higher uptake capacity for CO2 and is highly selective for CO2 over N2 and CH4 gases.
Surface modification of sewage sludge derived carbonaceous catalyst for m-cresol catalytic wet peroxide oxidation and degradation mechanism
Authors: Yu Yang , Wei Huangzhao , Yu Li , Zhang Tong , Wang Sen , Li Xuning , Wang Junhu , Sun Chenglin
Published: April 2015

Organic synthesis is used to investigate the degradation of m-cresol and the intermediates are identified by in situ NMR.
A sensitive and selective chemiluminogenic probe for palladium
Authors: Turan Ilke Simsek , Yilmaz Ozge , Karatas Betul , Akkaya Engin U.
Published: April 2015

Palladium triggered removal of a propargyl group leads to the cleavage of the 1,2-dioxetane ring, leading to bright chemiluminescence.
Comparison of four different synthetic routes of Ni2P/TiO2–Al2O3catalysts for hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene
Authors: Wei Ruchao , Zhu Qingqing , Han Fei , Guan Qingxin , Li Wei
Published: April 2015

A highly active Ni2P/TiO2–Al2O3catalyst was simply synthesized at a much lower temperature (573 K) than previously reported methods (973 K).
One-step synthesis of carboxyl-functionalized rare-earth fluoride nanoparticles for cell imaging and drug delivery
Authors: Zhang Zhiyang , Ma Xiaoyan , Geng Zhirong , Wang Kuaibing , Wang Zhilin
Published: April 2015

CDDP was loaded onto the surface of carboxyl polymer-coated NaYF4:Yb3+/Tm3+ nanoparticles prepared by hydrothermal treatment in the form of Pt–O bonds, and delivered through cellular uptake of the NaYF4–CDDP composite.
Mechanical properties and variation in SOC going from La to Nd in intermetallic RIn3 and RSn3 (R = La, Ce, Pr, Nd)
Authors: Shafiq M. , Ahmad Iftikhar , Jalali-Asadabadi S.
Published: April 2015

The cubic rare-earth intermetallics RIn3 and RSn3 (R = La, Ce, Pr, Nd) have been investigated using the full potential linearized augmented plane waves plus local orbital method in the density functional theory framework.
Brij-58 template synthesis of self-assembled thermostable lamellar crystalline zirconia via a reflux-hydrothermal hybrid method
Authors: Su Penghe , Ji Xiujie , Liu Chao , Gao Wenjun , Fu Ranran , Tang Chengchun , Cheng Bowen
Published: April 2015

The possible mechanism was illustrated above. Brij-58's hydrophilic head interacts with ZrO2+ and hydrophobic alkyl chain segments prefers to be close to each other to form a bilayer template (BLT). With the template guide, the TSLCZ were generated.
A universal platform for building molecular logic circuits based on a reconfigurable three-dimensional DNA nanostructure
Authors: He Kaiyu , Li Yong , Xiang Binbin , Zhao Peng , Hu Yufang , Huang Yan , Li Wang , Nie Zhou , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: April 2015

Integrating multiple components of a logic device into a 3D DNA nanoprism provides a universal platform for constructing diverse logic gates.
Scalable synthesis of Na3V2(PO4)3/C porous hollow spheres as a cathode for Na-ion batteries
Authors: Mao Jianfeng , Luo Chao , Gao Tao , Fan Xiulin , Wang Chunsheng
Published: April 2015

Aerosol synthesized Na3V2(PO4)3/C porous hollow spheres provide an excellent surface area and mechanical strength, resulting in superior sodiation/desodiation performance.
Slot embedded dual‐band patch antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications
Authors: Sharma A.K. , Mittal A. , Reddy B.V.R.
Published: April 2015

A dual‐band, singly fed slotted microstrip antenna for the 2.4 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN) and 2.5/3.5 GHz worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) is implemented. The antenna consists of an aperture‐fed square patch embedded with a narrow and symmetrical π‐shaped slot to generate dual‐band resonance. The geometry resonates at a lower frequency band which fully covers the 2.4–2.484 GHz WLAN band and 2.5–2.69 GHz WiMAX band. The higher‐frequency resonance is obtained in the 3.5 GHz WiMAX band. An oval‐shaped stub at the open end of the single microstrip feed line is used to obtain impedance matching over a wide band of frequencies. The 10 dB return loss bandwidth measured for the antenna is 18.07 and 8.28% in the lower and upper bands, respectively. Reactive loading of the patch with the π‐shaped slot has resulted in a reduction of patch size by 36% when compared with a traditional square patch resonating at an operating frequency of 2.4 GHz.
75–500 MHz quadruple‐ridged horn antenna with dual polarisation
Authors: Shang Junping , Zhao Wei‐Jiang , Li Xinrong , Jia Xiuhan
Published: April 2015

A dual‐polarised, quadruple‐ridged horn antenna with a coaxial feed operating over the frequency range of 75–500 MHz is presented. For the reduction of the antenna weight, a composite sandwich structure is used to build the antenna, which comprises solid aluminium and honeycomb materials. An adjustable shorting plate is put at the bottom of the antenna to prevent the occurrence of singularities created by standing waves. A Teflon plate is put at the centre position among the four symmetry ridges to mechanically support the huge antenna structure without breaking the symmetry of the ridges, leading to good electrical performance. Simulation and measured results are presented.
Cumulants‐based modulation classification technique in multipath fading channels
Authors: Chang Dah‐Chung , Shih Po‐Kuan
Published: April 2015

Automatic modulation classification (AMC) is a classical topic in the signal classification field and is often performed when the modulation type is adaptive. For typical modulation types such as M‐PSK and M‐QAM, the fourth‐order cumulant statistics are usually used for modulation classification. Besides, it is also known that the AMC performance can be seriously degraded by the effects of multipath fading in wireless channels when compared with the ideal white Gaussian noise channel. In this study, a new modulation classification method is proposed, exploring different features of normalised fourth‐order cumulant statistics for a modified blind channel estimation method in the multipath fading channel. The relationship between the cumulants of the received signal and the multipath fading effects is established to cope with the channel impulse response in the new algorithm. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed AMC method is much improved than that of previously proposed ones in terms of the probability of correct classification.
Adaptive leader‐follower formation control of non‐holonomic mobile robots using active vision
Authors: Chen Xiaohan , Jia Yingmin
Published: April 2015

This study is concerned with the leader‐follower formation control of non‐holonomic mobile robots without communication. A pan‐controlled camera is the sole sensor used by the follower to observe the leader. A new vision‐based formation system without range states is proposed, which eliminates the need of inter‐robot range estimation. An adaptive formation controller and an adaptive camera controller are designed in the presence of unknown leader's velocities and vision‐related parameters. A parameter projection algorithm is integrated into the controllers to bound the control inputs. The camera controller ensures the stable observation of the leader's features. Thus the camera constantly provides visual measurements for the formation controller which guarantees the formation maintenance. Simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed active vision‐based formation control approach.
Dynamic output‐feedback control for linear systems by using event‐triggered quantisation
Authors: Liu Ce , Hao Fei
Published: April 2015

This study investigates dynamic output‐feedback control for linear systems by using an event‐triggered output‐feedback with quantisation. The event‐triggering scheme is considered both in an event‐driven sampling case and the case of periodic event‐triggered transmission based on periodical verification of the event condition. A hybrid system model as well as a time delay model are developed for the two event schemes, respectively, to facilitate analysis and design. To obtain an asymptotical stability performance, the quantiser utilised is logarithmic and of infinite level. For the two design methods, conditions to guarantee the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop systems are established in terms of linear matrix inequalities, and the explicit expressions of the dynamic controller are given. Numerical examples are given to show the feasibility and efficiency of the theoretical results.
Permanent magnet synchronous machines flux linkage estimation with zero steady‐state error and its field‐programmable gate array implementation
Authors: Zanuso Giovanni , Peretti Luca , Zigliotto Mauro
Published: April 2015

The paper analyses a combined current model–voltage model estimator for flux linkages in permanent magnet synchronous machines, with the capability of converging to exact flux estimation even in presence of mismatches because of magnetic saturation. As a trend in next‐generation electric drives, the whole algorithm, including both the flux estimator and the standard field‐oriented control, has been implemented in a field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) chip. Simulations and experimental tests, along with some figures for the FPGA selection, have been included in the study.
Design of robust speed and slip controllers for a hybrid electromagnetic brake system
Authors: Yazdanpanah Reza , Mirsalim Mojtaba
Published: April 2015

Introduced by the authors, the hybrid electromagnetic brake (HEB) has considerable advantages over conventional friction and hybrid brakes. One of its advantages is the controllability of the brake system even when the HEB is integrated in a vehicle. Therefore, in this paper, robust speed and slip control schemes for HEB systems taking into account the brake and vehicle dynamics are developed for uncertain system parameters, and unknown external disturbance conditions, owing to neural networks learning and adaptation abilities. The presented robust control schemes exhibit advantages such as not requiring exact information about the brake and vehicle parameters for the controller design, and that the control algorithm is capable of efficiently tracking performance while ensuring the stability of the closed‐loop system. The controllers are suitable for many vehicle active safety control systems such as, adaptive cruise control, anti‐lock braking systems, electronic stability control, rollover prevention and autonomous vehicle operations. Both simulations and experiments are presented to show the controllers performances and the effectiveness of the presented control schemes.
Modelling of minor hysteresis loops in rolling and transverse directions of grain‐oriented laminations
Authors: Baghel Ajay Pal Singh , Chwastek Krzysztof , Kulkarni S.V.
Published: April 2015

The paper presents a modelling approach for symmetrical minor hysteresis loops in the rolling (RD) and transverse (TD) directions for grain‐oriented (GO) laminations. A recently proposed modified Jiles–Atherton model which considers crystallographic orientation of GO laminations is extended to predict RD and TD minor loops. A power scaling rule for updation of model parameters is applied for the purpose. Two model parameters (k and a) are updated with the maximum flux density in RD. It gives reasonably accurate prediction in this direction. On the other hand, in TD, three model parameters (k, a and c) are modified to predict minor loops accurately. The proposed model is validated using measured curves in both directions. A close agreement is observed between computed and experimental ones. The model is useful for design and analysis of core joints and corners under rotating and distorted flux patterns.
Steganalysis of JPEG images using enhanced neighbouring joint density features
Authors: Karimi Hassan , Shayesteh Mahrokh G. , Akhaee Mohammad Ali
Published: April 2015

In this study, a blind steganalysis approach which accurately discloses low rate data hiding schemes is proposed. The absolute values of neighbouring joint density (absNJ) are used for feature extraction. In this way, the intra‐ and inter‐block situations are employed providing a variety of different features. Aside from the absolute values of discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients, the differential DCT coefficients are also exploited to extract the features. Moreover, the absNJ features will be extended and used over differential DCT coefficients. It is shown that applying the Pth power of the DCT coefficients instead of their first power gains more discriminative features. Then, using the ensemble classifier, the cover image is discriminated from the stego one. Experimental results indicate the efficiency of the new scheme in comparison with the previously presented schemes.
Efficient naturalness restoration for non‐uniform illumination images
Authors: Shin Yonghun , Jeong Soowoong , Lee Sangkeun
Published: April 2015

This study presents a novel image‐naturalness restoration for the purpose of achieving better image quality with respect to the human visual system. Specifically, the authors suppress the artefacts around edges using image gradient components. They also appropriately enhance the image brightness using an adaptive gamma correction. In particular, they simply create a mapping curve to adjust the contrast, and then perform contrast enhancement. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in terms of subjective and objective quality measures, and even computational speed. Therefore they believe that the proposed approach can be a useful tool to improve the visual quality of images under non‐uniform illumination.
Exact steady‐state analysis in multiple‐input converters applied with diverse time‐sharing switching schemes
Authors: Xian Liang , Wang Youyi
Published: April 2015

Time‐sharing switching (TSS) techniques are usually utilised in multiple‐input converters (MICs) to manage power sharing among inputs as well as output‐voltage regulation. The two most‐commonly‐used TSS schemes in practical MIC applications are trailing‐edge modulation (TEM) and interleaved dual‐edge modulation (IDEM), both of which containing abundant significant information on conduction sequence. Steady‐state analysis and computation help understand MICs' behaviour, being of high significance in both principal and practical researches. This study exhibits a general and exact methodology for computing and synthesising analytical expressions in a steady state of any kind of MIC topology, based upon analysis of segmented waveforms of common inductor current and output capacitor voltage. The derivation results are of high accuracy and generality, applicable for scenarios with arbitrary number of inputs in either continuous conduction mode or discontinuous conduction mode, and applied by either TEM‐based or IDEM‐based TSS schemes. Analytical and derivation details are addressed to the issues of multiple‐input buck converters, along with general procedures established for other MICs topologies, for example, multiple‐input buck–boost converters and multiple‐input single‐ended primary‐inductor converters. Case study on a dual‐input buck converter prototype, considering power dissipations and voltage drops on its components, is put forward for theoretical verification.
Voltage sensorless control of the three‐level three‐switch Vienna rectifier with programmable input power factor
Authors: Mukherjee Debranjan , Kastha Debaprasad
Published: April 2015

The three‐level, three‐switch Vienna rectifier is fast emerging as the preferred topology for the high‐power factor front end converter in many applications. Conventional control algorithms for the Vienna rectifier requires sensing of both the supply voltage and the line current. However, in many applications, where an electrical generator feeds the rectifier, the ‘supply voltage’ is not available for measurement. Even for grid‐connected applications the supply voltage may contain significant harmonic distortion which, in turn, increases the harmonic distortion of the rectifier input current. To mitigate these disadvantages, this study presents a novel voltage sensorless control algorithm for the Vienna rectifier. Voltage sensorless control algorithms reported in the literature for this rectifier, so far permit only unity rectifier terminal power factor operation. In contrast, the proposed control algorithm can operate the rectifier at programmable power factor. For the verification of the algorithm, experiments were conducted on a laboratory prototype of the Vienna rectifier using both voltage sensorless and sensor‐based control algorithms. Performances of both these algorithms were found to be similar under transient conditions. The voltage sensorless controller achieved better input line current total harmonic distortion in steady state.
Comparative study of current‐mode controllers for the positive output elementary Luo converter via state‐space and frequency response approaches
Authors: Chincholkar Satyajit Hemant , Chan Chok‐You
Published: April 2015

This study presents the comparative study of dual‐loop current‐mode controllers to achieve the output voltage regulation of the positive output elementary Luo (POEL) converter. The POEL converter is a fourth‐order dc–dc boost converter developed using the voltage lift technique that gives a positive load voltage. Two current‐mode controllers, one using the input inductor current and one using the output inductor current, are studied. Both state‐space and frequency response approaches are used in the study to obtain a better insight of the comparative study. It is demonstrated that the controller using the input inductor current is more suitable for the regulation of the POEL converter. Experimental results showing the features of the controller in the presence of load and reference voltage changes are also provided to validate the theoretical conclusions.
Operating‐point insensitive voltage control of the Z‐source inverter based on an indirect capacitor current control
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Woon , Kim Taehyung
Published: April 2015

This study presents a novel design strategy for the capacitor voltage control of a Z‐source inverter (ZSI) to overcome the complexity and control performance degradation involved with the conventional small‐signal model‐based controls. In the proposed approach, the Z‐network capacitor voltage of the ZSI is controlled through the average capacitor current over a switching period, and thus, the dynamics of the Z‐network capacitor voltage can be easily controlled. To make this happen, the average capacitor current model is derived based on an important finding that the average capacitor current can be indirectly controlled through the average Z‐network inductor current. For the inner Z‐network inductor current control, the average voltage model of the inductor is developed to control the average inductor voltage directly via the shoot‐through duty ratio of the ZSI. In this way, the current control dynamics can be linearised over an entire operating range and the desired bandwidth of each controller can be simply obtained using only Z‐network parameters without a gain tuning process unlike the small‐signal model‐based controls. Thus, the proposed method can simplify the design process while producing an excellent control performance. The simulation and experimental results verify that the transient responses exactly coincide with the desired design goal.
Decentralised control of parallel inverters connected to microgrid using the derivative‐free non‐linear Kalman filter
Authors: Rigatos Gerasimos , Siano Pierluigi , Zervos Nikolaos , Cecati Carlo
Published: April 2015

Decentralised control for parallel inverters connected to the power grid is developed using differential flatness theory and the derivative‐free nonlinear Kalman filter. It is proven that the model of the inverters, is a differentially flat one. This means that all its state variables and the control inputs can be written as differential functions of a single algebraic variable which is the flat output. By exploiting differential flatness properties it is shown that the multiple inverters model can be transformed into a set of local inverter models which are decoupled and linearized. For each local inverter the design of a state feedback controller becomes possible. Such a controller processes measurements not only coming from the individual inverter but also coming from other inverters which are connected to the grid. Moreover, to estimate the non‐measurable state variables of each local inverter, the derivative‐free nonlinear Kalman filter is used. Furthermore, by redesigning the aforementioned filter as a disturbance observer it becomes also possible to estimate and compensate for disturbance terms that affect each local inverter.
Influence of soil temperature characteristic on the grounding electrode temperature rise
Authors: Sima Wenxia , Zhu Bin , Yuan Tao , Yang Qing , Luo Ling , Wu Peng
Published: April 2015

The working current of DC grounding electrodes is constantly increasing with the rapid development of high‐voltage direct current systems. Thus, the temperature rise of grounding electrode conductors is increasingly becoming an important safety factor. Therefore this study measured the soil temperature characteristics of water content and resistivity; established an electric heat coupling finite element model for DC grounding electrodes that is based on current field and temperature field theories to analyse the temperature changes in common DC grounding electrodes. In contrast to traditional models, the proposed model realises electric heat coupling field calculation by considering the mutual influence of temperature rise and soil parameters. The results show that the soil resistivity increases with increasing temperature and the soil resistivity change further influence the temperature changes of the grounding electrodes. The change in grounding electrode temperature rise is not steady and includes a sharp growth stage.
Fusion of weighted decisions in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Javadi S. Hamed , Peiravi Ali
Published: April 2015

Detection of an event occurrence is one of the main tasks of a wireless sensor network (WSN) in many applications. Sensors observe the environment and send either their raw measurements or their decisions about the event occurrence to a fusion centre (FC) where the final decision is made. It is desired to obtain a decision fusion scheme in which detection performance is optimised while considering resource limitations of WSNs. In this study, a weighted decision fusion (WDF) scheme is proposed. In WDF, each sensor that detects the event sends its quantised estimated signal‐to‐noise ratio to the FC if it is more than a pre‐specified value. The FC uses the information in order to weigh each sensor's decision and makes the final decision using an adaptive threshold scheme. More efficient use of bandwidth and adaptive thresholding at the FC result in considerable improvement. The substantial improvement of detection performance compared with existing methods is shown by analysis and simulation.
Le cœur des ARN non codants
Authors: Pedrazzini Thierry
Published: April 2015

La récente identification des longs ARN non codants et le début de leur caractérisation fonctionnelle dans une variété de tissus constituent des avancées scientifiques majeures. Ces avancées ont permis de comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires contrôlant l’expression des gènes en réponse à des changements environnementaux et dans l’adaptation physiopathologique des organes. En particulier, les longs ARN non codants apparaissent comme d’importants régulateurs épigénétiques régulant le remodelage de la chromatine. Dans le cœur, ces transcrits contrôlent la spécification et la différenciation cellulaires au cours du développement. Par ailleurs, ils participent, chez l’adulte, à l’adaptation au stress hémodynamique faisant suite à un dommage tissulaire. La haute spécificité cellulaire d’expression des longs ARN non codants fait de ces molécules des cibles thérapeutiques et des biomarqueurs extrêmement attractifs.
La synthèse des protéines par le ribosome
Authors: Macé Kevin , Giudice Emmanuel , Gillet Reynald
Published: April 2015

La synthèse des protéines, également appelée traduction, est assurée dans chaque cellule par des machines moléculaires très sophistiquées : les ribosomes. Compte tenu de l’immense quantité de données biologiques à traiter, il arrive régulièrement que ces machines se bloquent et mettent en péril la survie de la cellule. Chez les bactéries, le principal processus de sauvetage des ribosomes bloqués est la trans-traduction. Il est assuré par un acide ribonucléique (ARN) hybride, l’ARN transfert-messager (ARNtm), associé à une petite protéine basique, SmpB (small protein B). Plusieurs autres systèmes de contrôle qualité ont récemment été mis en évidence, révélant un réseau de maintien de la survie cellulaire très sophistiqué. Cette machinerie du contrôle qualité de la synthèse protéique est une cible très prometteuse pour le développement de futurs antibiotiques.
Complete Midline Cleft of Lower Lip, Mandible, Tongue, Floor of Mouth with Neck Contracture: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Rao Anantheswar Y. N.
Published: April 2015

Midline cleft of the lower lip and mandible is an extremely rare condition. Since 1819, when the first case was reported by Couronne, fewer than 80 cases have been described in the world literature so far. The cleft has also been described as facial cleft no. 30 by Paul Tessier. The condition varies in severity from a mild variety in which there is a submucous cleft and notching in the lower lip to a severe variety, involving the tongue, floor of the mouth, mandible, absent hyoid, atrophic neck muscles, and sternum. In this case report, a female child having complete midline cleft of the lower lip and mandible, with bifid tongue stuck to the floor of the mouth, absent hyoid bone and flexion contracture band extending from the confluence of the tip of the tongue, floor of the mouth, cleft mandible to the manubrium sterni is described, with special emphasis on surgical planning and management.
The energy cascade in grid-generated non-equilibrium decaying turbulence
Authors: Valente P. C. , Vassilicos J. C.
Published: April 2015

We investigate non-equilibrium turbulence where the non-dimensionalised dissipation coefficient Cε scales as Cε∼ReMm/Reℓn with m ≈ 1 ≈ n (ReM and Reℓ are global/inlet and local Reynolds numbers, respectively) by measuring the downstream evolution of the scale-by-scale energy transfer, dissipation, advection, production, and transport in the lee of a square-mesh grid, and compare with a region where Cε ≈ constant. These are the main terms of the inhomogeneous, anisotropic version of the von Kármán-Howarth-Monin equation. It is shown in the grid-generated turbulence studied here that, even in the presence of non-negligible turbulence production and transport, production and transport are large-scale phenomena that do not contribute to the scale-by-scale balance for scales smaller than about a third of the integral-length scale, ℓ, and therefore do not affect the energy transfer to the small-scales. In both the non-equilibrium region where Cε∼ReMm/Reℓn and further downstream where Cε ≈ constant, the peak of the scale-by-scale energy transfer scales as (u2¯)3/2/ℓ (u2¯ is the variance of the longitudinal fluctuating velocity). In the non-equilibrium case, this scaling implies an imbalance between the energy transfer to the small scales and the dissipation. This imbalance is reflected on the small-scale advection which becomes larger in proportion to the maximum energy transfer as the turbulence decays whereas it stays proportionally constant in the further downstream region where Cε ≈ constant even though Reℓ is lower.
Vibrational coherence and energy transfer in two-dimensional spectra with the optimized mean-trajectory approximation
Authors: Alemi Mallory , Loring Roger F.
Published: April 2015

The optimized mean-trajectory (OMT) approximation is a semiclassical method for computing vibrational response functions from action-quantized classical trajectories connected by discrete transitions that represent radiation-matter interactions. Here, we extend the OMT to include additional vibrational coherence and energy transfer processes. This generalized approximation is applied to a pair of anharmonic chromophores coupled to a bath. The resulting 2D spectra are shown to reflect coherence transfer between normal modes.
Theoretical investigation of HNgNH3+ ions (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe)
Authors: Gao Kunqi , Sheng Li
Published: April 2015

The equilibrium geometries, harmonic frequencies, and dissociation energies of HNgNH3+ ions (Ng = He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe) were investigated using the following method: Becke-3-parameter-Lee-Yang-Parr (B3LYP), Boese-Matrin for Kinetics (BMK), second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), and coupled-cluster with single and double excitations as well as perturbative inclusion of triples (CCSD(T)). The results indicate that HHeNH3+, HArNH3+, HKrNH3+, and HXeNH3+ ions are metastable species that are protected from decomposition by high energy barriers, whereas the HNeNH3+ ion is unstable because of its relatively small energy barrier for decomposition. The bonding nature of noble-gas atoms in HNgNH3+ was also analyzed using the atoms in molecules approach, natural energy decomposition analysis, and natural bond orbital analysis.
Thermal effects on transducer material for heat assisted magnetic recording application
Authors: Ji Rong , Xu Baoxi , Cen Zhanhong , Ying Ji Feng , Toh Yeow Teck
Published: April 2015

Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording (HAMR) is a promising technology for next generation hard disk drives with significantly increased data recording capacities. In HAMR, an optical near-field transducer (NFT) is used to concentrate laser energy on a magnetic recording medium to fulfill the heat assist function. The key components of a NFT are transducer material, cladding material, and adhesion material between the cladding and the transducer materials. Since transducer materials and cladding materials have been widely reported, this paper focuses on the adhesion materials between the Au transducer and the Al2O3 cladding material. A comparative study for two kinds of adhesion material, Ta and Cr, has been conducted. We found that Ta provides better thermal stability to the whole transducer than Cr. This is because after thermal annealing, chromium forms oxide material at interfaces and chromium atoms diffuse remarkably into the Au layer and react with Au to form Au alloy. This study also provides insights on the selection of adhesion material for HAMR transducer.
Accurate electronic and chemical properties of 3d transition metal oxides using a calculated linear response U and a DFT + U(V) method
Authors: Xu Zhongnan , Joshi Yogesh V. , Raman Sumathy , Kitchin John R.
Published: April 2015

We validate the usage of the calculated, linear response Hubbard U for evaluating accurate electronic and chemical properties of bulk 3d transition metal oxides. We find calculated values of U lead to improved band gaps. For the evaluation of accurate reaction energies, we first identify and eliminate contributions to the reaction energies of bulk systems due only to changes in U and construct a thermodynamic cycle that references the total energies of unique U systems to a common point using a DFT + U(V ) method, which we recast from a recently introduced DFT + U(R) method for molecular systems. We then introduce a semi-empirical method based on weighted DFT/DFT + U cohesive energies to calculate bulk oxidation energies of transition metal oxides using density functional theory and linear response calculated U values. We validate this method by calculating 14 reactions energies involving V, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co oxides. We find up to an 85% reduction of the mean average error (MAE) compared to energies calculated with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof functional. When our method is compared with DFT + U with empirically derived U values and the HSE06 hybrid functional, we find up to 65% and 39% reductions in the MAE, respectively.
Ergodicity testing for anomalous diffusion: Small sample statistics
Authors: Janczura Joanna , Weron Aleksander
Published: April 2015

The analysis of trajectories recorded in experiments often requires calculating time averages instead of ensemble averages. According to the Boltzmann hypothesis, they are equivalent only under the assumption of ergodicity. In this paper, we implement tools that allow to study ergodic properties. This analysis is conducted in two classes of anomalous diffusion processes: fractional Brownian motion and subordinated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. We show that only first of them is ergodic. We demonstrate this by applying rigorous statistical methods: mean square displacement, confidence intervals, and dynamical functional test. Our methodology is universal and can be implemented for analysis of many experimental data not only if a large sample is available but also when there are only few trajectories recorded.
Pulse-forming-line based on-chip short pulse generator
Authors: Zou Huan , Wang Haiyang
Published: April 2015

A traditional pulse generation circuit based on the pulse-forming-line (PFL) is implemented in a commercial 0.13 μm digital CMOS technology. A meandered on-chip coplanar waveguide is used as the PFL, and CMOS transistor is used as switch in the Cadence Spectre simulation. The circuit sample is fabricated and tested. Pulses of ∼170 ps durations and 120-200 mV amplitudes are obtained when the power supply is tuned from 1.2 V to 2 V. The results show that the traditional PFL based circuit can be implemented in standard CMOS technology for on-chip short pulse generation. Furthermore, the PFL circuits significantly extend the short pulse generation capabilities of CMOS technology.
Quantum anomalous Hall effect in topological insulator memory
Authors: Jalil Mansoor B. A. , Tan S. G. , Siu Z. B.
Published: April 2015

We theoretically investigate the quantum anomalous Hall effect (QAHE) in a magnetically coupled three-dimensional-topological insulator (3D-TI) system. We apply the generalized spin-orbit coupling Hamiltonian to obtain the Hall conductivity σxy of the system. The underlying topology of the QAHE phenomenon is then analyzed to show the quantization of σxy and its relation to the Berry phase of the system. Finally, we analyze the feasibility of utilizing σxy as a memory read-out in a 3D-TI based memory at finite temperatures, with comparison to known magnetically doped 3D-TIs.
Laser-induced nucleation of carbon dioxide bubbles
Authors: Ward Martin R. , Jamieson William J. , Leckey Claire A. , Alexander Andrew J.
Published: April 2015

A detailed experimental study of laser-induced nucleation (LIN) of carbon dioxide (CO2) gas bubbles is presented. Water and aqueous sucrose solutions supersaturated with CO2 were exposed to single nanosecond pulses (5 ns, 532 nm, 2.4–14.5 MW cm−2) and femtosecond pulses (110 fs, 800 nm, 0.028–11 GW cm−2) of laser light. No bubbles were observed with the femtosecond pulses, even at high peak power densities (11 GW cm−2). For the nanosecond pulses, the number of bubbles produced per pulse showed a quadratic dependence on laser power, with a distinct power threshold below which no bubbles were observed. The number of bubbles observed increases linearly with sucrose concentration. It was found that filtering of solutions reduces the number of bubbles significantly. Although the femtosecond pulses have higher peak power densities than the nanosecond pulses, they have lower energy densities per pulse. A simple model for LIN of CO2 is presented, based on heating of nanoparticles to produce vapor bubbles that must expand to reach a critical bubble radius to continue growth. The results suggest that non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation of crystals could also be caused by heating of nanoparticles.
Communication: Influence of nanosecond-pulsed electric fields on water and its subsequent relaxation: Dipolar effects and debunking memory
Authors: Avena Massimiliano , Marracino Paolo , Liberti Micaela , Apollonio Francesca , English Niall J.
Published: April 2015

Water has many intriguing and anomalous physical properties that have puzzled and titillated the scientific community for centuries, perhaps none more so than the proposition that water may retain some (permanent) “memory” of conditions (e.g., dilution) or electric fields to which it has been subject. Here, we have performed non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of liquid water in external electric-field nanosecond pulses, at 260–310 K, and gauged significant non-thermal field effects in terms of dipolar response. Response of both system- and individual-dipoles has been investigated, and autocorrelation functions of both show more significant effects in stronger fields, with more sluggish relaxation. Crucially, we show that once the field is removed, the dipoles relax, exhibiting no memory or permanent dipolar alignment. We also quantify the time scales for system dynamical-dipolar properties to revert to zero-field equilibrium behaviour.
Broadband and total autocollimation of spin waves using planar magnonic crystals
Authors: Kumar D. , Adeyeye A. O.
Published: April 2015

We present a systematic study of spin wave autocollimation in planar magnonic crystals comprising of antidot arrays in nanoscale permalloy (Py: Ni80Fe20) thin films. It is shown that a careful design of such crystals can allow for the autocollimation of the entire spin wave spectrum without any significant evanescence or any drop in the group velocity. These developments allow us access to spin wave beams which do not disperse or converge outside a waveguide. Collimated spin wave beams would be essential in applications such as dense signal routing and multiplexing in higher dimensional magnonic systems.
Magnetic and ferroelectric orders in strained Gd1/2Na1/2TiO3: First-principles calculations
Authors: Zhou P. X. , Dong S. , Xie Y. L. , Yan Z. B. , Zhou X. H. , Liu J.-M.
Published: April 2015

The emergent magnetic and ferroelectric orders in A-site ordered Gd1/2Na1/2TiO3 under lattice strain are investigated using the first-principles calculations. It is revealed that the lattice prefers the perovskite structure with alternatively stacked Ga-O and Na-O layers along the b-axis and the ground spin state favors the G-type antiferromagnetic (G-AFM) order. The ac-plane biaxial strain can remarkably tune the amplitude of ferroelectric polarization, while the G-AFM spin structure is robustly unaffected. The ±4% strains can trigger the change of polarization up to ±50% relative to the polarization value of unstrained structure. The present work suggests a possible scenario to control emergent multiferroic behaviors in Gd1/2Na1/2TiO3 via lattice strain.
High energy protons generation by two sequential laser pulses
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng , Shen Baifei , Zhang Xiaomei , Wang Wenpeng , Xu Jiancai , Yi Longqing , Shi Yin
Published: April 2015

The sequential proton acceleration by two laser pulses of relativistic intensity is proposed to produce high energy protons. In the scheme, a relativistic super-Gaussian (SG) laser pulse followed by a Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) pulse irradiates dense plasma attached by underdense plasma. A proton beam is produced from the target and accelerated in the radiation pressure regime by the short SG pulse and then trapped and re-accelerated in a special bubble driven by the LG pulse in the underdense plasma. The advantages of radiation pressure acceleration and LG transverse structure are combined to achieve the effective trapping and acceleration of protons. In a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation, protons of 6.7 GeV are obtained from a 2 × 1022 W/cm2 SG laser pulse and a LG pulse at a lower peak intensity.