bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inwiefern ist die Phänomenologie eine ‚realistische‘ Philosophie?
Authors: Streubel Thorsten
Published: June 2019

In what way is Phenomenology a realistic philosophy? To give an answer to this difficult question I propose to understand Phenomenology as the project of a universal epistemology and operative realism. This means especially to conceive Phenomenology not as a dogmatic doctrine but as an open (free from any bias) method and methodology. I propose the following solution: in one and the same procedure Phenomenology explores the possibilities and limits of human cognition and thus, at the same time, gives an answer to the question in what way Phenomenology is a realistic philosophy. Therefore the answer to this question can’t be given by a simple ‘yes’ or ‘no’; it can only be given in form of an extensive research process and its results. Moreover, one can say that every serious realism must proceed in the same manner: every realistic position has to justify itself by an extensive epistemology
Kurt Gödels philosophische Notizbücher als Denkraum und Exerzitium
Authors: Engelen Eva-Maria
Published: June 2019

The article presents the various functions that notebook-writing had for Kurt Gödel as a philosopher. It is shown in how far he is in the tradition of the ancient hypomnemata and in how far this activity is associated with his individual ethics. Self-admonition and self-perfection as an ethical project do belong for Gödel to the development of a thinker and his philosophy. Some comparisons with personal testimonies of other members of the Vienna Circle are drawn.
Brief aus der Schweiz
Authors: Wild Markus
Published: June 2019

This letter focuses on both the recent history of academic philosophy in Switzerland and its present status. Historically, institutional self-consciousness of philosophy came to life during World War II as a reaction to the isolation of international academic life in Switzerland; moreover, the divide between philosophy in the French part and the German part of the country had to be bridged. One important instrument to achieve this end was the creation of the “Schweizerische Philosophische Gesellschaft” and its “Jahrbuch” (today: “Studia philosophica”) in 1940. At the same time the creation of the journal “Dialectica” (1947), the influence of Joseph Maria Bochensky at the University of Fribourg and Henri Lauener at the University of Berne prepared the ground for the flourishing of analytic philosophy in Switzerland. Today analytic philosophy has established a very successful academic enterprise in Switzerland without suppressing other philosophical traditions. Despite the fact that academic philosophy is somewhat present in the public, there is much more potential for actual philosophical research to enter into public consciousness. The outline sketched in this letter is, of course, a limited account of the recent history and present state of philosophy in Switzerland. There is only very little research on this topic.
Rehabilitation of buildings as an alternative to sustainability in Brazilian constructions
Authors: Qualharini Eduardo Linhares , Oscar Luiz Henrique Costa , Silva Maiane Ramos da
Published: June 2019

Rehabilitation and Sustainability complement each other insofar as new uses are defined for the existing constructions, avoiding the disposal and consequent environmental impact of this action. In Brazil, the culture of new construction still prevails, even with the relevant inventory of existing buildings, as indicated in studies conducted in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo. Dissemination of knowledge of rehabilitation techniques can encourage the development of strategies for the implementation of these practices in brazilian market. Therefore, this paper will try to indicate techniques that may be improved and incorporated into the rehabilitation of Brazilian constructions, aiming aspects of sustainability and reinsertion of contemporary construction in urban heritage.
Waterborne poly(urethane-urea)s films as a sustained release system for ketoconazole
Authors: Vieira Italo Rennan Sousa , Miranda Gisele dos Santos , Ricci-Júnior Eduardo , Delpech Marcia Cerqueira
Published: June 2019

Ketoconazole (KTZ) was incorporated in waterborne poly(urethane-urea)s dispersions (WPUU), aiming at the production of films for drug sustained release. Dispersions based on poly(ethylene glycol-block-propylene glycol) (PEG-b-PPG) (four monomers with different contents of PEG hydrophilic segments), poly(propylene glycol), isophorone diisocyanate, dime-thylolpropionic acid and hydrazine were produced and characterized by apparent viscosity and average particle size (APS). Cast films-drug interaction was investigated by Fourier-Transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). In vitro dissolution assays were performed in simulated gastrointestinal juices, followed by application of kinetic models. Stable pseudoplastic dispersions, with APS between 27 to 320 nm were obtained. FTIR from KTZ-loaded films indicated interactions between polymer and drug. In vitro release of KTZ was achieved above 80%, notably influenced by PEG-based segments content up to 2 h, followed by sustained release for 8 h. Higuchi’s and first-order equations described the drug kinetic profile, as diffusion of the drug and erosion of the swollen polymer, respectively.
Stimuli-responsive DOX release behavior of cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) nanoparticles
Authors: Nikravan Goolia , Haddadi-Asl Vahid , Salami-Kalajahi Mehdi
Published: June 2019

Cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) nanoparticles were synthesizedviadistillation precipitation polymerization of acrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate withdifferent molar ratios. Spherical nanoparticles with diameters between 75 and 122 nm were synthesized and exhibited temperature and pH-responsive behaviors. However, this behavior was less pronounced for samples with higher cross-linking degrees. The potential of all nanoparticles as carriers for controlled release of doxorubicin (DOX) anti-cancer drug was examined at pH values of 1.2, 5.3 and 7.4. An obvious alleviation in burst release behavior and the amount of cumulative drug release was seen for all nanoparticles as the pH of the medium and the cross-linking degree of nanoparticle increased. Also kinetics of drug release was studied using mathematical models of zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas and Hixson-Crowell, where Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models best defined the kinetics of drug release.
Synthesis of a DOPO-triazine additive and its flame-retardant effect in rigid polyurethane foam
Authors: Liu Lin , Lv Rui
Published: June 2019

A DOPO (9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphen-anthrene-10-oxide)-based halogen-free flame retardant (ODOPM-CYC) was synthesized and incorporated in rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF). The structure of ODOPM-CYC was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR),1H NMR and31P NMR. The effects of ODOPM-CYC on the flame resistance, mechanical performances, thermal properties and cell structure of RPUF were also investigated. The results showed that the incorporation of ODOPM-CYC strikingly enhanced flame retardant properties of RPUF. The flame retarded RPUF acquired a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 26% and achieved UL-94 V-0 rating with the phosphorus content of 3 wt%. The smoke production rate (SPR) also showed an obvious decrease and total smoke release (TSR) was 39.8% lower than that of neat RPUF. Besides, the results demonstrated that the incorporation of ODOPM-CYC provided RPUF better thermal stability but did not show any obvious influence on its thermal conductivity.
Enhanced thermal oxidative stability of silicone rubber by using cerium-ferric complex oxide as thermal oxidative stabilizer
Authors: Wu Lei , Zhang Yong
Published: June 2019

Cerium (Ce)-ferric (Fe) complex oxides were prepared via a citric acid sol-gel process, and used as thermal oxidative stabilizers for silicone rubber (SR). The oxides were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The Ce/Fe molar ratio in Ce-Fe complex oxides significantly influenced the thermal oxidative stability of SR. After aging at 300°C for 24 h, SR filled with 4 phr Ce-Fe complex oxide with a Ce/(Ce+Fe) molar ratio of 0.8 (CeFeO-0.8) exhibited excellent thermal oxidative stability, retaining 56.8% and 54.3% of its original tensile strength and elongation at break, respectively. Some Ce3+ and Fe2+ ions were detected in aged SR composites. Ce3+/Ce4+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ molar ratios in SR/CeFeO-0.8 were less than that in SR/CeO2 and SR/Fe2O3 composites, respectively, as detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It implies rapid re-oxidations of Fe2+ and Ce3+ occurred in SR/CeFeO-0.8, enhancing the capacity of CeFeO-0.8 to capture radicals during thermal aging.
Preparation of rosin-based polymer microspheres as a stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography to separate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and alkaloids
Authors: Wang Zhen , Lei Fu-Hou , Li Wen , Li Peng-Fei , Wang Ting , Qin Li-Ting , Cheng Ge-Ge , Sun Yao , E Yu-Yu , Xie Wen-Bo , Deng Jie
Published: June 2019

Acrylpimaric acid ethylene glycol acrylate was used as the cross-linking agent to prepare rosin-based polymer microspheres through membrane emulsification–microsuspension polymerization. The prepared microspheres were used as the stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography for the separation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and two analogues of alkaloids. Five PAHs (benzene, naphthalene, fluorene, pyrene, and benzo(e)pyrene) were well separated in the rosin-based polymer column with the resolution (Rs) of 6.088 ± 0.006, 5.759 ± 0.017, 7.019 ± 0.020, and 8.584 ± 0.063. A linear relationship was observed for the carbon numbers of PAHs and lnK as obtained with the equation of ln k = 0.22nc – 2.45, R2 = 0.996 . The rosin-based polymer columns were also employed to separate theophylline–caffeine and camptothecin–10-hydroxy-camptothecin, and the good results were obtained with the Rs of 4.617 ± 0.005 and 2.245 ± 0.049, respectively.
Manipulating the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of polydicyclopentadiene via tuning the stiffness of the incorporated monomers
Authors: Kuang Jia , Zheng Nan , Liu Chenglin , Zheng Yubin
Published: June 2019

The application of polydicyclopentadiene (polyDCPD) as a high-performance thermosetting resin is often hindered by the simplicity and limitation of the polymer structure, making it unlikely to improve their thermal and dynamic mechanical properties by further optimizing the polymerization conditions. In this study, we developed a copolymer system which consisted of dicyclo-pentadienes and various designed monomers as excellent curing agents. The incorporated monomers bearing different stiffness and rigidity contain two active functional groups at the end of the structures and are capable of reinforcing original polyDCPD. The incorporated monomers notably enhanced the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of polyDCPD. Besides that, the relationship between the stiffness of the monomer and the thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of polyDCPD was evaluated in detailed. Because of the simplicity and adjustability of copolymerization approach, optimal conditions of the copolymers with best property-reinforcing capability were systemically identified. The optimal materials displayed desired thermal and dynamic mechanical property and markedly outperformed the original polyDCPD.
Trigonella foenum-graceum seed (Fenugreek) hydroalcoholic extract improved the oxidative stress status in a rat model of diabetes-induced memory impairment
Authors: Bafadam Solaiman , Beheshti Farimah , Khodabakhshi Tayebeh , Asghari Amir , Ebrahimi Babak , Sadeghnia Hamid Reza , Mahmoudabady Maryam , Niazmand Saeed , Hosseini Mahmoud
Published: June 2019

Background

The antidiabetic and antioxidant effects of Trigonella foenum-graceum have been suggested. The effects of hydroalcoholic extract of the plant seeds and metformin against the diabetes-induced memory impairment were investigated.

Materials and methods

The rats were treated: (1) control, (2) diabetic (3–6) and diabetic rats treated by 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the plant extract or metformin. The rats were diabetic by streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg). After the passive avoidance test, malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, total thiol (SH), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined in the brain.

Results

In the diabetic group, at 3, 24 and 48 h after receiving a shock, the latency to enter the dark room was lower than for the controls (p < 0.001). All doses of the extract and metformin increased the latencies to enter the dark at 3 and 24 h after the shock treatment (p < 0.05–p < 0.001). Additionally, the two higher doses of the extract and metformin increased the latency at 48 h after the shock (p < 0.05–p < 0.001). Diabetes also elevated MDA and NO metabolites, while it reduced thiol, SOD and CAT in the hippocampal and cortical tissues (p < 0.001). Treatment of the diabetic animals by the highest dose of the extract and also metformin reduced the MDA and NO metabolites, while it improved thiols, SOD and CAT (p < 0.01–p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Based on our findings, metformin and the hydro-alcoholic extract from the T. foenum-graceum seed prevented memory deficits resulting from diabetes. Preventing oxidative damage in the brain may at least, in part, be responsible for the positive effects of the extract and metformin.
TMEM100 expression suppresses metastasis and enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy in gastric cancer
Authors: Zhuang Jinfu , Huang Yongjian , Zheng Wei , Yang Shugang , Zhu Guangwei , Wang Jinzhou , Lin Xiaohan , Ye Jianxin
Published: June 2019

The gene encoding transmembrane protein 100 (TMEM100) was first discovered to be transcribed by the murine genome. It has been recently proven that TMEM100 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). This study investigates the impact of TMEM100 expression on gastric cancer (GC). TMEM100 expression was remarkably downregulated in GC samples compared to the surrounding non-malignant tissues (p < 0.01). Excessive TMEM100 expression prohibited the migration and invasion of GC cells without influencing their growth. However, TMEM100 knockdown restored their migration and invasion potential. Additionally, TMEM100 expression restored the sensitivity of GC cells to chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5-fluouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin. In terms of TMEM100 modulation, it was revealed that BMP9 rather than BMP10, is the upstream modulator of TM3M100. HIF1α downregulation modulated the impact of TMEM100 on cell migration, chemotherapy sensitivity and invasion in GC cells. Eventually, the in vivo examination of TMEM100 activity revealed that its upregulation prohibits the pulmonary metastasis of GC cells and increases the sensitivity of xenograft tumors to 5-FU treatment. In conclusion, TMEM100 serves as a tumor suppressor in GC and could be used as a promising target for the treatment of GC and as a predictor of GC clinical outcome.
Kotzebues journalliterarisches Nachleben
Authors: Ramtke Nora
Published: June 2019

Introduced in response to the assassination of August von Kotzebue, the Carlsbad Decrees of 1819 marked a new era in German press and censorship history. Whereas the historical developments surrounding the Decrees have been well researched, this article traces Kotzebue’s literary afterlife by focusing on a series of fictional letters ostensibly written by the dead author. Drawing on the genre tradition of the dialogues of the dead, this fictional correspondence was published (and occasionally censored) in various periodicals of the early 1820 s and thus explored the manifold ramifications of the new restrictive press law.
Ähnlichkeit und Vergleich
Authors: Sneis Jørgen
Published: June 2019

Taking recent discussions on similarity as a paradigm for cultural theory as a starting point this paper proposes to distinguish between overt and covert similarities and surveys the methodological issues involved in determining the manner and degree of similarity. With reference to philosophical action theory it is argued that similarities can be more accurately analyzed when considered the result of a comparison, i. e. when seen in light of the act of comparing.
Das Schicksalsdrama des 19. Jahrhunderts als ›Zeitphänomen‹ zwischen literarischer Tradition und gesellschaftlicher Transformation
Authors: Klein Christian
Published: June 2019

This article focuses on the genre of the ‘drama of destiny’ (Schicksalsdrama), which was particularly popular in Germany between 1810 and 1825, and which – following the premiere of Friedrich Schiller’s Die Braut von Messina (The Bride of Messina, 1803) – reestablished an ancient concept of destiny as a category of understanding. Through an analysis of Zacharias Werner’s drama Der vierundzwanzigste Februar (The Twenty-fourth of February, 1809), this article shows how the reference to destiny offered a fitting model of meaning to nineteenth-century audiences facing a challenging time of shifting values and socio-political change and uncertainty.
2nd National Congress on Clinical Case Reports, December 26 and 27, 2018
Authors: Hedayat Yaghoobi Mojtaba , Yazdani Shahrooz , Ghoghaei Morteza , Rahimi Fatemeh , Alishiri Niloofar , Dehghan Seyedeh Hanieh , Zibaei Mohammad
Published: June 2019

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Virulence-Associated Gene Profiles of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated From Broilers With Colibacillosis: A Pilot Study in Iran
Authors: Haghighi Khoshkhoo Payam , Pourtaghi Hadi , Akbariazad Gita , Mokhayeri Saeed
Published: June 2019

Background: Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) causes economic losses in the chicken industry worldwide. Objective: In this study, virulence-associated gene profiles of APEC isolates were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Materials and Methods: A total of 60 Escherichia coli isolates were collected from 60 colibacillosis cases from 30 broiler poultry farms in Alborz, Tehran, and Golestan provinces, Iran. After identification by biochemical tests, DNA was extracted by boiling method and 5 virulence-associated genes including: iutA, hlyF, iroN, ompT, and iss were detected by 2 multiplex PCR protocols. Results: Of the 60 APEC isolates, 26 (43.3%) isolates had at least three virulence genes from which 12 (20%) isolates were positive for all 5 virulence genes, whereas 34 (56.6%) carried no investigated virulence genes. Presence of iutA, hlyF, iroN, ompT, and iss genes in the APEC isolates were 17 (28.3%), 17 (28.3%), 24 (40%), 26 (43.3%), and 23 (38.3%), respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, four different virulence-associated gene profiles were seen in isolates, from which profile 1 with 12 (20%) isolates was predominant. These findings were in agreement with the previous reports.
Study of VanA, B, C, D, E Genes in Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Isolated from Retailed Dried Vegetables in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Mazaheri Nezhad Fard Ramin , Soltan Dallal Mohammad Mehdi , Abbaspour Maryam , Rajabi Zahra
Published: June 2019

Background: Enterococcus spp. are resistant to many antimicrobials including vancomycin. They may be found in foods and water. Objective: In the current study, van genes were investigated in vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from dried vegetables in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this study, 140 dried vegetable samples were collected from local retailers in Tehran, Iran, 2015. Bacteria were isolated using culture, biochemistry and molecular methods. Susceptibility of the enterococcal isolates was assessed to six antibiotics of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, tetracycline and vancomycin using Kirby-Bauer method. The prevalence of vanA, B, C, D, E genes was molecularly studied in VRE using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing techniques. Results: Of 140 dried vegetable samples, Enterococcus spp. strains were isolated from 84 samples (60%). Totally, 48% of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin. Of 41 vancomycinresistant enterococcal isolates, vanA was found in 23 (56.1%), vanB in 8 (19.5%) and vanC in 2 (4.9%) isolates. No vanD or vanE was found in the isolates. Results have shown a high rate of contamination with Enterococcus spp., especially VRE, in dried vegetables in Tehran. Conclusion: Therefore, further hygienic regulations such as personal training and food processing, transportation, storage and marketing must be routine in food industries and local retailers.
Seroepidemiological Study of Hydatid Cyst Using AgB by ELISA in Patients Admitted to Central Laboratory of Baqiyatallah Hospital
Authors: Esmaali Ghouraneh Manuochehr , Saberi Mohsen , Farhadineko Sohrab , Ahmadi Kazem , Yousefi Rezvan , Mohammadzadeh Tahere
Published: June 2019

Background: One of the most important parasitic diseases in human is cystic echinococcosis (CE) which is caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The disease is a health problem in the Middle East countries such as Iran. Objective: The aim of this study was seroepidemiological evaluation of human CE using antigen B by ELISA technique in patients referred to Baqiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 909 serum samples were randomly prepared in the central laboratory. Antigen B was extracted from sheep hydatid cyst fluid (HCF). All serum samples were evaluated by indirect ELISA and the suspected cases were rechecked. Demographic characteristics were collected by a questionnaire and cut-off was calculated as X±2SD. Results: In the present study, 0.8% of the collected samples were seropositive by ELISA technique. Of the 909 participants, 498 (with 1% positive response) and 411 (with 0.49% positive response) were female and male, respectively. The majority of the cases were the employee and retired military personnel (with 1.05% positive response). The most frequent age ranges were 50-59 and 70-79 with 28.57% positive response in each and in participants with academic education (85.72%). There was no statistically significant association between hydatid cyst and variables evaluated in this study. Conclusion: Our results showed a low seroprevalence of human CE. It may be related to the lifestyle of people following the improvement in public health specially in urban communities.
Chemical Constituents of Donkey Dung (Anbarnasara): Questioning the Recent Claims Concerning Therapeutic Effects
Authors: Ahmadian-Attari Mohammad Mahdi , Amrollahi Zahra , Safavi Momeni Paria , Khodaii Zohreh , Bita'ab Ali , Hajiagha Bozorgi Atefeh
Published: June 2019

Background: Various animal excrements have been used as a medicine for the treatment of different diseases in the past. Today, people still use some of these excrements, especially female donkey dung (Anbarnasara,) by smelling the smoke of burnt dung for some ailments like sinusitis and bronchitis. Recently, some studies have focused on the therapeutic activities of Anbarnasara but no one has studied the active ingredients of it. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the chemical constituents and antibacterial activities of Anbarnasara and its smoke. Materials and Methods: Female donkey dungs were collected from Shahreza in May 2017. The substance was burnt and the smoke was led to a beaker of methanol by a distillation apparatus. Then, the methanolic extract was dried via a rotary evaporator. Antibacterial activity of the smoke and also the total methanolic extract of Anbarnasara were tested on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli via well diffusion method. Chemical constituents were analyzed through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) . Results: The results showed that Anbarnasara and its smoke have a very weak antibacterial activity. Regarding chemical constituents, both total methanolic extract and smoke extract predominantly contained toluene, xylene, and dibutyl phthalate. Conclusion: Previous studies showed xylene as one of the major components of the smoke of Anbarnasara. These articles also reported the presence of some plant-based compounds such as glyoxal, syringol, and limonene in the smoke. The presence of these compounds is probably due to the donkeys’ diet. In our study, the presence of dibutyl phthalate, an industrial plasticizer, among the components is probably due to environmental factors. These evidences suggested that Anbarnasara is under the influence of environmental factors like vegetation and pollutions and therefore, should be used as a medicine with caution. Recent claims regarding the antibacterial, cytotoxic, and wound healing activities of Anbarnasara should be considered independent of these environmental factors.
Evaluation of Parasites as Contaminants of Currency Notes in Akure, Nigeria
Authors: Adepeju Simon-Oke Iyabo , Ajileye Oluwaseun David
Published: June 2019

Background: Currency notes are used as a means of exchange during buying and selling of goods and commodities; thereby making them agents of disease transmission. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of contamination posed on these currency notes in Akure metropolis by parasites. Materials and Methods: A total of 160 different naira notes (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000) were collected from food vendors, butchers, petrol attendants and fishmongers into transparent containers and transported to the laboratory. Based on the physical appearances of the notes, they were categorized as mint, clean, dirty, very dirty and mutilated. Standard parasitological techniques were employed to detect parasitic organisms on the notes. Results: Of the 160 naira notes examined, 106 (66.3%) harbored eggs and other stages of the parasites. Mint notes did not harbor any parasite. 14 (70%) of clean notes, 31 (62%) of dirty notes, 61 (74.4) of very dirty and mutilated notes were contaminated, respectively. Parasites recovered from naira notes included Enterobius vermicularis (19.8%), Hookworm (8.5%), Giardia lamblia (22.6%), Ascaris lumbricoides (77.4%), Hymenolepis nana (21.7%), Strongyloides stercoralis (10.4%), Trichuris trichiura (25.5%), Isospora belli (2.8%), Entamoeba histolytica (87.7%), Balantidium coli (34%) and flagellates (7.5%). We found that 5, 50 and 100 naira notes had the highest contamination (45%) while 20 and 1000 naira notes had the least contamination (35% each). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the sources of the collection (P<0.05). Conclusion: Citizens should be educated on ways of handling money through personal hygiene by not abusing, mishandling or mutilating the currency notes.
From grand narratives to multiple scales: space, life and process in Neolithic Greece and beyond
Authors: Souvatzi Stella
Published: June 2019

Both volumes considered here represent these changes and offer lively insights into Neolithic societies in Greece, the Balkans and West Anatolia. At the same time, they demonstrate the growing developments in Greek Neolithic studies, the explosion of new data and the emergence of new research questions. Each volume has a distinctive focus, but they complement each other in more ways than one, e.g. in geographic, temporal, thematic and theoretical coverage. They both derive from international conferences held in Greece, one (Communities, landscapes and interaction) in Rethymnon, Crete in 2015, the other (Communities in transition) in Athens in 2013, and several authors have chapters in both volumes.
Twenty-Year Creep Test with Tuff under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Hashiba K. , Fukui K.
Published: June 2019

A creep test is a helpful method for investigating the long-term deformation of rock. However, most previous creep tests on rock were carried out for less than a few weeks, and only a handful were performed for longer time periods. This article reports an ongoing long-term creep test that was started in 1997 and reached its twentieth year in 2017. This uniaxial compressive creep test has been conducted with tuff under water at a creep stress of 30 % of its short-term strength. An overview of the creep test is described first in this article, including the test method and long-term maintenance. Daily maintenance and countermeasures against possible problems are indispensable so as to not require halting of the test. During the test, the test apparatus was transferred twice due to the reconstruction of the building containing the laboratory, but the test was not halted during the transfers. The recorded creep strain over a period of 20 years included a variety of environmental noise such as slight changes in the air pressure in the cylinder and in temperature and humidity. Hence, annual averages of the strain were used for understanding the long-term trend, and the trend was found to be approximated by a power function of time. The recorded creep strain was compared with the results of short-term creep tests and the stress-strain curves in strength tests. The authors believe that the test in this study is the longest uniaxial compressive creep test with a rock specimen that has been carried out.
Assessment and Modeling of Aging Effect on Asphalt Material Dynamic-Mechanical Properties
Authors: Asifur Rahman A. S. M. , Faisal Hasan M. , Tarefder Rafiqul A.
Published: June 2019

In this study, the effects of progressive aging on the dynamic-mechanical characteristics of asphalt and asphalt concrete were assessed and evaluated. Field-collected asphalt-aggregate mixture was used to prepare asphalt concrete test specimens. These specimens were then subjected to five aging levels and tested for dynamic-mechanical properties in the laboratory. Results showed that the dynamic-mechanical characteristics of asphalt concrete are significantly affected by progressive aging. In addition, aged asphalt binders that corresponded to the asphalt concrete samples aged at various aging levels were tested for complex shear modulus using a dynamic shear rheometer. A significant effect of progressive aging on the complex shear modulus and viscosity of the binder was observed. A detailed assessment showed that even though the mechanical behavior of asphalt binder significantly changes because of aging, the corresponding asphalt concrete sample does not necessarily show similar change in its behaviors. Finally, this study developed an approach to estimate the dynamic-mechanical characteristics of the aged asphaltic materials. Using this approach, it may be possible to predict the mechanical behaviors of aged asphalt concrete and binder. It is hoped that the developed approach can be useful for advanced modeling of asphalt pavements.
On the Development of EWMA Control Chart for Inverse Maxwell Distribution
Authors: Arafat Sheikh Y. , Hossain M. Pear , Ajadi Jimoh Olawale , Riaz Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Variations are usually present in every manufacturing process. Control charts are implemented to detect the assignable cause variations in a process. In this article, we design an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart under the assumption of inverse Maxwell distribution, namely inverse Maxwell EWMA (IMEWMA) chart. We have evaluated the performance of the proposed chart in terms of various run length (RL) properties, including average RL, standard deviation of RL, and median RL. To examine the overall functioning ability, we have estimated extra quadratic loss, relative average RL, and performance comparison index. We have also carried out comparative analysis of the proposed chart with the existing Shewhart-type chart for Maxwell distribution, V chart. We observed that the proposed IMEWMA chart performed better than the V chart to detect small and moderate shifts. The IMEWMA and the existing charts were applied to monitor the lifetime of car brake pads and survival time for breast cancer patients. This example also depicts the superiority of the proposed chart to its existing counterparts.
A Roadmap for Understanding Memory: Decomposing Cognitive Processes into Operations and Representations
Authors: Cowell Rosemary A. , Barense Morgan D. , Sadil Patrick S.
Published: June 2019

Thanks to patients Phineas Gage and Henry Molaison, we have long known that behavioral control depends on the frontal lobes, whereas declarative memory depends on the medial temporal lobes (MTL). For decades, cognitive functions—behavioral control, declarative memory—have served as labels for characterizing the division of labor in cortex. This approach has made enormous contributions to understanding how the brain enables the mind, providing a systems-level explanation of brain function that constrains lower-level investigations of neural mechanism. Today, the approach has evolved such that functional labels are often applied to brain networks rather than focal brain regions. Furthermore, the labels have diversified to include both broadly-defined cognitive functions (declarative memory, visual perception) and more circumscribed mental processes (recollection, familiarity, priming). We ask whether a process—a high-level mental phenomenon corresponding to an introspectively-identifiable cognitive event—is the most productive label for dissecting memory. For example, recollection conflates a neurocomputationaloperation(pattern completion-based retrieval) with a class ofrepresentational content(associative, high-dimensional memories). Because a full theory of memory must identify operations and representations separately, and specify how they interact, we argue that processes like recollection constitute inadequate labels for characterizing neural mechanisms. Instead, we advocate considering the component operations and representations of processes like recollection in isolation. For the organization of memory, the evidence suggests that pattern completion is recapitulated widely across the ventral visual stream and MTL, but the division of labor between sites within this pathway can be explained by representational content.
Quantifying methane emissions in the Uintah Basin during wintertime stagnation episodes
Authors: Foster C. S. , Crosman E. T. , Horel J. D. , Lyman S. , Fasoli B. , Bares R. , Lin J. C.
Published: June 2019

This study presents a meteorologically-based methodology for quantifying basin-scale methane (CH4) emissions in Utah’s Uintah Basin, which is home to over 9,000 active and producing oil and natural gas wells. Previous studies in oil and gas producing regions have often relied on intensive aircraft campaigns to estimate methane emissions. However, the high cost of airborne campaigns prevents their frequent undertaking, thus providing only daytime snapshots of emissions rather than more temporally-representative estimates over multiple days. Providing estimates of CH4 emissions from oil and natural gas production regions across the United States is important to inform leakage rates and emission mitigation efforts in order to curb the potential impacts of these emissions on global climate change and local air quality assessments. Here we introduce the Basin-constrained Emissions Estimate (BEE) method, which utilizes the confining topography of a basin and known depth of a pollution layer during multi-day wintertime cold-air pool episodes to relate point observations of CH4 to basin-scale CH4 emission rates. This study utilizes ground-based CH4 observations from three fixed sites to calculate daily increases in CH4, a laser ceilometer to estimate pollution layer depth, and a Lagrangian transport model to assess the spatial representativity of surface observations. BEE was applied to two cold-air pool episodes during the winter of 2015–2016 and yielded CH4 emission estimates between 44.60 +/– 9.66 × 103 and 61.82 +/– 19.76 × 103 kg CH4 hr–1, which are similar to the estimates proposed by previous studies performed in the Uintah Basin. The techniques used in this study could potentially be utilized in other deep basins worldwide.
Cirrhosis Risk Score of the Donor Organ Predicts Early Fibrosis Progression after Liver Transplantation
Authors: Zimmermann Anca , Darstein Felix , Hoppe-Lotichius Maria , Toenges Gerrit , Lautem Anja , Abel Frédéric , Schad Arno , Mittler Jens , Vollmar Johanna , Grimm Daniel , Lang Hauke , Galle Peter R , Zimmermann Tim , Schuppan Detlef
Published: June 2019

Background & Aims: Fibrosis progression (FP) after liver transplantation (LT) increases morbidity and mortality. Biomarkers are needed for early prediction of FP. A recipient’s seven-gene cirrhosis risk score (CRS) has been associated with FP, especially in non-transplant cohorts. A broader validation of CRS, including the genotype of the donor-organ and HCV-negative patients is lacking. We therefore analyzed the impact of donor- and recipient-specific genotypes on FP after LT in a large cohort of HCV-positive and -negative patients.Method: Genotyping from liver biopsies (n=201 donors) and peripheral blood (n=442 recipients) was performed. Cirrhosis risk score was correlated with FP at 1 and 5 years after LT.Results: Fibrosis ≥F2 was documented in 26.5% of the recipients’ CRS group (R-CRS) (defined by recipient’s genotype) and in 23.4% of the donors’ CRS- group (D-CRS) (defined by donor’s genotype). Cumulative incidence for fibrosis ≥F2 was higher in patients with D-CRS >0.7 (p=0.03). While the R-CRS showed no prognostic relevance, D-CRS >0.7 was associated with higher hazard ratios (HRs) for fibrosis ≥F2 (HR=2.04; p=0.01), especially in HCV-negative patients (HR=2.59, p=0.03). Donors’ CRS >0.7 was associated with higher risk for ≥F2 in 1-year protocol biopsies (p<0.001). Among the patients in whom both the recipient’s and donor’s CRS were available, fibrosis ≥F2 was encountered more frequently in patients with a D-CRS >0.7, in combination with any R-CRS, compared to patients with D-CRS scores ≤0.7 (p=0.034). Donors’ AZIN1, STXBP5L, TRPM5 genotypes carried a higher risk for fibrosis ≥F2 in subgroups.Conclusion: High D-CRS >0.7 predicted early FP after LT, especially in HCV negative patients.
Políticas contra la pobreza en Argentina (2002-2015). Alcances, limitaciones y desafíos
Authors: Retamozo Martìn , Trujillo Lucía
Published: June 2019

Este artículo analiza las diferentes estrategias implementadas para combatir la pobreza en Argentina desde la salida de la Convertibilidad en el año 2002 hasta el cambio de ciclo político en el año 2015. Se analizan las intervenciones ligadas a la recomposición del mercado de trabajo, las instituciones laborales, las transferencias condicionadas y las políticas de inclusión previsional. El trabajo muestra que la definición de las políticas dependió tanto del tipo de diagnóstico gubernamental sobre el problema, así como de los recursos disponibles. Pero también este artículo pone en evidencia la relevancia de factores estructurales para la obtención de resultados en la política social.

itaciones y desafíos.
Servicio social e iglesia católica: Condicionantes contextuales de su relación en los primeros años de la Escuela de Servicio Social de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Brenes Rodríguez Milton Ariel
Published: June 2019

El artículo pretende aportar al esclarecimiento de la discusión sobre la influencia de la Iglesia Católica en los primeros años de la Escuela de Servicio Social de la Universidad de Costa Rica, los cuales se sitúan en la coyuntura de la década de 1940. El documento fue elaborado a partir de la consulta de referencias bibliográficas y fuentes primarias de archivos de la época en estudio. El análisis concluye que la Iglesia Católica pudo considerar a la Escuela de Servicio Social de la Universidad de Costa Rica como un eventual escenario para la reproducción de su proyecto eclesiástico, pero las condiciones históricas a nivel internacional y nacional impidieron la reproducción formal de este proyecto.
Estructura curricular de la educación secundaria en Costa Rica: Entre el utilitarismo y el mercado de trabajo
Authors: Muñoz Varela Luis
Published: June 2019

El artículo tiene por objetivo realizar una revisión analítica sobre la composición de la estructura curricular en el nivel de la educación secundaria en Costa Rica. El análisis se contextualiza en aspectos medulares de las políticas educativas promulgadas durante las últimas dos décadas y, a su vez, se desarrolla una reflexión crítica en torno suyo, con base en planteamientos de la UNESCO y de otra diversa bibliografía especializada. La relevancia del estudio realizado es la de analizar la pertinencia de la actual estructura curricular del proyecto educativo costarricense, considerando las diversas necesidades de formación existentes en el país, según las localizaciones geográficas y sus características productivas, así como sus respectivas identidades socioculturales. Se concluye que el actual proyecto educativo costarricense presenta una rigidez estandarizada, debido a que su oferta educativa está dirigida a formar y capacitar para la empleabilidad en el mercado de trabajo de la economía neoclásica o neoliberal. En consecuencia, el proyecto educativo es excluyente, inequitativo y limita el cumplimiento por garantizar igualdad de oportunidades para todas las distintas poblaciones estudiantiles del país. Se requiere hacer una reforma a profundidad de dicho proyecto, con el fin de hacerlo efectivamente flexible, inclusivo, pertinente, significativo y contextualizado socioculturalmente.
La televisión llega a la publicidad. Prácticas publicitarias e imagen femenina en Costa Rica
Authors: Mora Carvajal Virginia
Published: June 2019

Este artículo analiza la publicidad impresa costarricense de televisores, básicamente las prácticas publicitarias utilizadas para introducir el nuevo medio de comunicación en el país, así como la utilización que en ellas se hace de la imagen femenina para el logro de tal objetivo en la década de 1960, ya que fue precisamente en ese año que se inaugura el primer canal de televisión en Costa Rica. Para ello se utilizan como fuente los primeros anuncios impresos sobre televisores publicados en los periódicos Diario de Costa Rica y La Nación durante ese período. La investigación permitió determinar las estrategias publicitarias utilizadas por las distintas marcas para introducir sus aparatos de televisión en el país, establecer las principales marcas publicitadas y sus características y, finalmente, explicar los rasgos básicos del uso de la imagen de las mujeres en estos anuncios, así como plantear algunas posibles explicaciones al respecto, en términos del papel de estas como consumidoras y de la televisión como una nueva forma de entretenimiento para ellas situada directamente en el seno del hogar.
Echocardiographic measurement of epicardial adipose tissue thickness in patients with microvascular angina
Authors: Kalçık Macit , Yesin Mahmut , Güner Ahmet , Bayam Emrah , Yetim Mucahit , Doğan Tolga , Bekar Lütfü , Çelik Oğuzhan , Karavelioğlu Yusuf
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Impaired coronary microcirculation, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction were reported etiological factors for microvascular angina (MVA). Recently, increased epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) thickness has been associated with hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and coronary artery disease in general population. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the EAT thickness in patients with MVA.

Methods

This study enrolled 200 patients (83 males; mean age: 55.4 ± 8.2 years) who have been diagnosed with MVA and 200 controls (89 males; mean age: 54.4 ± 8.5 years). All patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography, and EAT thickness was measured from a parasternal long-axis view as the hypoechoic space on the right ventricular free wall.

Results

The mean EAT thickness was significantly higher in MVA patients than the controls (5.5 ± 1.1 vs. 4.9 ± 0.7 mm; p < 0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that increased EAT thickness was an independent predictor of MVA (OR = 1.183, 95% CI = 1.063–1.489; p = 0.023). In receiver operating characteristic curve analyses, EAT thickness above 5.3 mm predicted MVA with a sentivity of 68% and a specificity of 63% (AUC = 0.711, 95% CI = 0.659–0.762; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The EAT thickness was observed significantly higher in MVA patients as compared to controls. Increased EAT thickness may be associated with mechanisms that play a major role in the pathogenesis of MVA.
New record of Tantilla alticola (Boulenger, 1903) (Serpentes, Colubridae) for the Central Cordillera in the department of Tolima, Colombia
Authors: Parra-Hernández Ronald Mauricio , Zambrano Duvan F. , Bernal Manuel Hernando
Published: June 2019

We report for the first time the presence of Tantilla alticola in the department of Tolima, Colombia. This report represents the southernmost distribution point for this species in the Central Cordillera of the Colombian Andes.
Avascular necrosis: radiological findings and main sites of involvement - pictorial essay
Authors: Enge Junior Dair Jocely , Fonseca Eduardo Kaiser Ururahy Nunes , Castro Adham do Amaral e , Baptista Eduardo , Santos Durval do Carmo Barros , Rosemberg Laercio Alberto
Published: June 2019

Abstract The term avascular necrosis describes any one of a number of bone diseases that have a common mechanism: the death of bone components due to lack of blood supply. Avascular necrosis can occur in diverse parts of the skeleton, each location-specific form not only receiving a distinct designation but also presenting unique epidemiologic characteristics. However, the imaging findings are similar in all of the forms, which pass through well-described radiological phases, regardless of the site of involvement. Because avascular necrosis can cause considerable morbidity if not properly detected and managed, the radiologist plays a fundamental role. The present study provides a brief review of the main radiological aspects of the various forms of avascular necrosis, illustrated on the basis of a collection of cases from our institution.
Anomalous origin of coronary arteries with an interarterial course: pictorial essay
Authors: Ferreira Ana Flávia Pina , Rosemberg Sharon , Oliveira Daniel Simões , Araujo-Filho José de Arimatéia Batista , Nomura Cesar Higa
Published: June 2019

Abstract Coronary arteries originating from the contralateral (noncoronary) sinus and having an interarterial course, in which they run from the ascending aorta to the pulmonary trunk, is a potentially fatal anomaly. Computed tomography (CT) angiography facilitates the recognition and therapeutic planning of such anomalies because of its ability to acquire high-resolution images of the entire course of the coronary artery, as well as of the accompanying atherosclerotic involvement. The right coronary artery originating from the left coronary sinus is the most prevalent anomaly of this type and usually implies a better prognosis, the interarterial course being classified as "high" or "low", depending on whether it is above or below the level of the pulmonary valve, with consequent stratification of the risk and the treatment. However, it is known that there is a high risk of sudden death among patients with a left coronary artery of anomalous origin from the right sinus. In such cases, surgical treatment is recommended, regardless of whether there are symptoms or evidence of ischemia. Given the importance of those aspects, which can be identified on CT of the chest or CT angiography of the aorta, this pictorial essay aims to illustrate such anomalies to facilitate their recognition and description by radiologists who are not specialists in cardiac imaging.
Extranodal lymphoma of the head and neck: a pictorial essay
Authors: Cakmak Pinar Gulmez , Çağlayan Gülsüm Akgün , Ufuk Furkan
Published: June 2019

Abstract Primary extranodal lymphoma is defined as a lymphoma at a solitary extranodal site, with or without involvement of the lymph nodes. The clinical and radiological features of extranodal lymphoma have been documented in recent studies. In this pictorial essay, we reviewed imaging findings of extranodal lymphoma in the head and neck region.