bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الحرف الشعبية ومهن المهمشين في مجتمع الحجاز خلال العصر المملوكي (648-923هـ/1250-1517م)
Authors:   دكتوراه في التاريخ، كلية الآداب والعلوم الإنسانية، جامعة الملك عبد العزيز، المملكة العربية السعودية, الغامدي ريهام
Published: May 2024

ستحاول الباحثة في هذا البحث رصد أبرز المهن التي امتهنها المهمشون في مجتمع الحجاز خلال العصر المملوكي، ومن خلال تتبع تاريخ هذه المهن الشعبية سنستطيع التعرف على معاش هذه الشرائح المهمشة وطرائق كسب قوتهم ومدى اتصال هذه المهن بالحياة اليومية أو مع دوائر أخرى أكثر اتساعاً من الشرائح الاجتماعية. أعتمدت الدراسة على منهج البحث التاريخي العلمي للعثور على المادة العلمية واستخراجها من المصادر التاريخية والأدبية والجغرافية والتراث الشعبي والمراجع والوثائق والدوريات والرسائل العلمية التي تدور حول موضوع الدراسة، ومن ثم استخدام الأسلوب الوصفي والتحليلي مع استقراء واستنباط الحقيقة بكل حياد وموضوعية. حيث اتضح أن المهمشين في الحجاز خلال العصر المملوكي امتهنوا العديد من المهن رغم كونها هامشية تميزت بالهشاشة وقدرتها الاقتصادية الضعيفة إلا أنها كانت عماد خفي من أعمدة المجتمع، ومظهر من مظاهر حيويته وكياناً اقتصادياً مهماً. فبدونهم لا يكون هناك مستهلك، وبذلك تنعدم التجارة وينعكس ذلك على الحالة الاقتصادية بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر. كما اتضح أن العوام والمهمشين استطاعوا مواجهة الواقع الاجتماعي والاقتصادي من خلال اقتصاد هامشي شكل لهم مورداً اقتصادياً حياتياً حماهم من شظف الحياة إلى حد ما، كما يمكن أن نميز شريحة أصحاب المهن كشريحة متميزة في طبقة المهمشين كونهم لم يعتمدوا على الصدقات أو الهبات بل اعتمدوا على الكسب حتى ولو بأقل الموارد الممكنة، ولكن ما قدموه من حرف شعبية كانت عاملاً أساسياً من عوامل حيوية المجتمع وتنوعه وخصوصيته خلال العصر المملوكي. وتوصي الدراسة بضرورة اهتمام الجامعات والمراكز البحثية بدراسة التاريخ الاجتماعي، وإعادة قراءة التاريخ بما يتماشى مع التاريخ الجديد وفق رؤية اجتماعية وثقافية وذهنية وشعبية ليتسنى فهم حياة وأعمال وأفكار الطبقات العامة في المجتمع.
Guides, Collections and Ancillary Materials to African Archival Resources in the United States
Authors: Howell John Bruce , Scheven Yvette
Published: May 2024

This is a list of published guides to the archives of Africa, especially those in microform and including inventories, records, catalogs, lists both finding- and special-, indexes, annual reports (and for South Africa, also archivalia and trials), arranged by regions, primary international language, and countries, excluding only Egypt, with titles in English, French, and Portuguese, but not those solely in Arabic. No titles were found for Spanish-speaking Africa. Collections of Africana on microfilm are identified as they provide better access to original materials not otherwise available. In addition, considerable time and funds have been spent by non-profit organizations such as the Cooperative Africana Microform Project (CAMP) in identifying archives and manuscripts to be filmed, targeting the funds to film them, and then having the microfilm available to scholars world-wide. The Center for Research Libraries (CRL) online catalog which contains CAMP's nearly 10,000 titles is a major source for African archival materials.
Effect of Cervical and Shoulder Complex Exercises on Improvement of Forward Head Posture
Authors: Karadkar Isha , Yeole Ujwal
Published: May 2024

Background: Forward head posture is anterior positioning of the head with respect to neck in sagittal plane. Craniovertebral angle is used to measure forward head posture. Craniovertebral angle is formed at the junction of a line drawn from the tragus of the ear through the spinous process of the C7 vertebra and a horizontal line through the C7 vertebra. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cervical and shoulder complex exercises on improvement of forward head posture.
Objectives: To improve the forward head posture by- Cervical and shoulder complex exercises.
Method: 30 participants, whose craniovertebral angle (CVA) was less than 50° were selected and further divided into experimental group (Group-A) (15 participants) and control group (Group- B) (15 participants). Photos of participants in standing position were taken using mobile camera and craniovertebral angle was measured using autocad software. Experimental group performed exercises such as chin tucks, cervical posterior isometric, scapular retraction exercise, Y to W exercise, middle trapezius fibres muscle strengthening exercise for 6 week interval. Whereas the control group was asked to carry on with routine activities. Pre (0th week ), mid (4th week), and post (6th week ) photos of participants of both groups were taken to see the effect of exercises along with numerical pain rating and neck disability score
Results: This study signified that craniovertebral angle (p value=0.001), numerical pain rating scale score ( p value=0.001) and neck disability index scores (p value=0.001) were statistically significant.
Conclusion: This study proved that 6 week cervical and shoulder complex exercises protocol has significant effect in improving forward head posture and reducing neck pain and neck disability.

Keywords: Autocad software, Craniovertebral angle, chin tucks, forward head posture, neck pain, neck disability
Prevalence of Stress Level in Physiotherapy Professors in Gujarat - An Observational Study
Authors: K Ghediya Avani
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND: Physiotherapist as a professional, is impacting professionally and personally. Due to job instability and job viability especially for private practitioners which affecting psychological status.
AIM: The aim of this study was to find out the prevalence of stress level in physiotherapy professors in Gujarat
METHOD: The observational study was carried out among 103 physiotherapy professors. In which 69 female and 34 male who had willingness to participate in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Written consent was taken by individuals. The participants filled a Google self-designed, close-ended questionnaire of PSS (10 items) which was circulated via WhatsApp in different physiotherapy groups. Descriptive analysis was done using Microsoft excel.
RESULT: 8.73% high stress,72.81% moderate stress,18.45% low stress found in physiotherapy professors. In this study 67.94% stress found in assistant professors,28.15% in associate professors and 3.88% in Principle.
CONCLUSION: So, this study concluded that high prevalence of stress is found in Assistant Professors, moderate prevalence in Associate Professors and low prevalence in Principal. Study also depicting female perceiving high stress rather male.

Keywords: Stress, Physiotherapy, Professor, Gujarat
The Impact of Ocular Exercises on Headache Symptoms and Sleep Quality Among University Students with Refractive Errors
Authors: Selvakumar Kiruthika , Wan Theng Pea , Binti Khairuddin Nurul Husna
Published: May 2024

Background and Objective: Refractive errors are prevalent ocular conditions within the general populations. It has been identified as one of a possible source of headaches and a detriment to sleep quality. The occurrence of refractive errors is particularly high among individuals who are at a higher level of education compared to the general population. Hence the objective of this study is to assess the impact of ocular exercises on headache characteristics and sleep quality and to investigate the correlation between refractive errors, quality of sleep and headache among university students with refractive errors.
Methods: 39 university students with refractive errors were recruited after screening. Based on the type of refractive corrections, they were assigned to 2 experimental and 1 control group. 4 weeks of ocular exercises were performed to investigate the effect of ocular exercises on headache symptoms and sleep quality. The data collected were then analyzed using Paired-sample T-test, One-way ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation in IBM SPSS software statistics version 20.
Results: In experimental group 1 (with glasses), there was a significant improvement of headache characteristics (p=0.005) and sleep quality (p=0.010) compared to experimental group 2 (with contact lens) and group 3 (without wearing any glasses or contact lens). Fair to moderate correlation between refractive errors, headache (p<0.0001) (p=0.002), and sleep quality (p=0.018) were analyzed using Pearson analysis.
Conclusion: There is a significant impact of ocular exercises on headache symptoms and sleep quality among university students in experiment group. A fair to moderate association between refractive errors, headache and sleep quality.

Keywords: Ocular exercises, Refractive errors, Headache, Sleep quality, University students
Living Foreign Body in the Larynx: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Sharma Shivbrat , Sharma Rajnish Chander , Negi Sunil
Published: May 2024

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common incidence in young children. While living FB like maggots have been reported very frequently, Leeches are rarely reported as FBA at any age. In this case we report a 55-year-old female from rural area presented with hoarseness, dyspnoea and cough since one month, upon Indirect laryngoscopy a blackish aneurysmal like FB in the larynx was seen. A neck computed tomography (CT) demonstrated a polypoidal soft tissue like shadow with changing positions in subsequent axial cuts.
Finally, direct laryngoscopy was performed under local anaesthesia in operation theatre and a 9 cm leech was found in the larynx overlying sub glottis and glottis area which was removed immediately with the Luc’s forceps.

Keywords: Living foreign body, Larynx, Foreign body aspiration.
Interfaith Unions: Understanding the Dynamics, Acceptance, and Resilience of Interfaith Couples
Authors: Puri Punya , E Lakshmipriya
Published: May 2024

This qualitative study examines the emotional dynamics and challenges faced by interfaith couples in India. Through interviews with seven couples, themes of relationship satisfaction, conversion experiences, acceptance, and resilience are explored. Findings highlight a shift towards equitable gender roles and the importance of communication in conflict resolution. Despite societal and legal hurdles, couples demonstrate resilience through mutual support and the creation of new traditions. Acceptance of religious differences emerges as crucial for fostering unity. By addressing gaps in existing research, this study aims to promote tolerance and inclusivity in diverse relationships. This study underscores the importance of understanding the lived experiences of interfaith couples in India, shedding light on unique societal attitudes and legal frameworks that shape their realities. By addressing gaps in existing research, the study aims to promote tolerance, safeguard individual rights, and contribute to the development of a more inclusive society that celebrates diversity in relationships.

Keywords: Interfaith couples, Acceptance, dynamics, resilience, Conflict resolution, Societal attitudes, Interfaith marriages
Effects of the Muscle Energy Technique and Myofascial Release Technique in Cervicogenic Headache: A Brief Review
Authors: Gupta Ritesh , Mehra Suman , Taneja Charu
Published: May 2024

Headache is a substantial global public health problem. A type of headache known as cervicogenic headache (CGH) is caused by a referral of pain from the cervical spine. This type of headache is usually persistent, manifests as unilateral cephalgia, and is thought to be brought on by neck musculoskeletal dysfunction. Numerous methods have been put forth to treat headaches, but the most effective approach has been suggested by recent research to involve manipulation and therapeutic exercise. Muscle energy technique is a beneficial and successful therapeutic exercise because the patient actively participates in its execution. Numerous studies have examined the benefits of myofascial release technique, including increased range of motion, improved joint biomechanics, increased soft tissue extensibilities, and a marked reduction in pain.

Keywords: Cervicogenic headache, Muscle energy technique, Myofascial release technique.
Design and Development of Ecofriendly UV-Protective Gloves
Authors: Indumathi T.R. , Ilakya A
Published: May 2024

UV rays and relevant skin diseases are a major problem among the wide population. UV rays affect our skin harshly, mainly while traveling exposed to the sun. Overexposure to the sun is the primary cause of most skin cancers. Acute exposure to UV rays causes immediate skin discoloration. To unfold these issues, the contemplated work aims at reducing skin diseases and skin exposure to the rays, with natural oils incorporated in developed natural fibered fabric hand gloves for UV protection. The knitted bamboo and woven banana fabrics are used for a better wearing experience. Natural oils such as almond oil (Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis), Sesame oil (Sesamum indicum L.), Red raspberry oil (Rubus idaeus L.), and Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) for incorporated into the fabric. UPF testing, Anti-microbial tests, and Anti-bacterial tests are carried out.

Keywords: Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis, Sesamum indicum L, Rubus idaeus L, Cymbopogon citratus, UV-rays, Bamboo knit, Banana fabric, Skin cancer, Natural oil, Hand Gloves.
Herpes Zoster Infection in A Case of Nephrotic Syndrome (On Alternate Day Prednisolone Therapy) - A Case Report
Authors: Choudhury Tamasi , Bera Tapas , Chowdhury Koustuv
Published: May 2024

Herpes Zoster infection is caused by Varicella Zoster virus. Its characteristic feature is the appearance of unilateral clustered vesicles on an erythematous base. The vesicles heals within two weeks from appearance of vesicles.
The symptoms of Nephrotic Syndrome include severe proteinuria, edema, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidemia. Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome is the most prevalent type of nephrotic syndrome in children, for which prednisolone is the preferred medication. Administration of prolonged corticosteroid causes decreased cell mediated immunity which causes immunosuppression and therefore chance of infection increases.
Herpes zoster infection is usually a self-limiting disease. It is usually diagnosed clinically on the basis of characteristic appearance of the rash. Treatment is mainly by administration of oral acyclovir for 7 days. Severe illness may require hospitalization for intravenous acyclovir. In individuals with nephrotic syndrome on corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medications, complication arising from varicella infections can be life-threatening.

Keywords: Herpes zoster, Nephrotic syndrome, Minimal Change Nephrotic Syndrome, Prednisolone, Acyclovir, Cell mediated immunity
Probiotic Property and Antibacterial Activity Analysis of Sour Curd Derived Lactobacilli Isolates by in vitro Methods
Authors: Nandi Suchhanda , Mandal Shyamapada
Published: May 2024

There are massive bacteria in the curd, especially the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which have been considered as probiotics in human and animals for a prolonged period. Probiotics have its importance in our daily life and native LAB are well known probiotics having antibacterial activity against potential pathogenic bacteria. Several authors from various regions all over the world have reported LAB to have been isolated from different fermented as well as non-fermented foods and beverages. The current study evaluated the probiotic potential LAB isolates from commercially available sour curd, Malda (West Bengal, India). A total of three types of sour curd (contained in plastic cup, plastic pouch and earthen pot) were tested and the commonest LAB isolates found in sour curd were Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactocaseibacillus rhamnosus. Safety aspect of LAB isolates was screened using gelatinase and antibiotic susceptibility test. The commercially available sour curd-derived LAB isolates have been demonstrated as good probiotics which displayed excellent probiotic potentiality and antibacterial activity against both gram negative gam positive bacteria as well.

Keywords: Probiotic bacteria, Antibacterial activity, Safety profile, Sour curd
Statistical Methods for Pooling ages of End-Stage-Renal-Disease patients The Examples of India and Malaysia
Authors: Polymenis Athanase
Published: May 2024

In pharmacoeconomic literature, age has been shown to be an important variate concerning cost analyses of End-Stage-Renal-Disease (ESRD) patients. In the present article, pooling of data relative to ages of ESRD patients is proposed as a method for estimating typical age parameters like means and variances, and also for comparing age differences between countries. Statistical techniques for mean and variance estimation, large sample statistical theory, confidence intervals for means, and parametric tests for statistical inference concerning comparison between means are used, and the main advantages of pooling are investigated. Homogeneity of the pooled data is also discussed using mixture models. As an example of application, data obtained from four countries were included into our analysis. Results showed that pooling of data increases the power of the tests used for statistical inference, apart from providing a better accuracy for the estimates of the means. Thus, statistical results are noticeably improved when pooling of data is used.
Quantification of ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel and ferrous fumarate from bulk drugs and tablet formulation using a validated HPTLC method
Authors: Bhusari V. K. , Karwalkar P. D. , Ghante M. R. , Shirsat M. K.
Published: May 2024

Objective: This research paper proposes a new HPTLC method that is quick, accurate and precise for estimating ethinyl estradiol, levonorgestrel and ferrous fumarate. Materials and Methods: Quantification was performed on silica gel precoated aluminum plates as the stationary phase. As the three drugs did not resolved in one mobile phase, different mobile phases were selected for ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel i.e. chloroform: methanol in the ratio of 9.9: 0.1 v/v and for ferrous fumarate i.e. formic acid: dichloromethane: butanol: heptane in the ratio of 1.2: 1.6: 3.2: 4.4 v/v/v/v. Result: Wavelength for densitometric evaluation was 275 nm for ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel and 212 nm for ferrous fumarate. Ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel were acceptably resolved having a RF values of 0.16 ± 0.02 and 0.24 ± 0.02. Ferrous fumarate had a RF value of 0.74 ± 0.02. Conclusion: All the validation parameters were performed and results were found to be within the acceptable limit prescribe by ICH.
Liposomal drug delivery for glaucoma: Recent advancement in ocular therapy
Authors: Bose Anannya , Majumdar Subhabrota , Halder Asim
Published: May 2024

Glaucoma affects millions worldwide. Untreated, it might cause lifelong blindness. Traditional treatments have been limited and intrusive. Liposomes are changing glaucoma treatment. Phospholipid bilayer liposomes can carry medications for targeted administration. This innovative glaucoma medication has huge potential to transform the way we treat it. This essay will explain liposomes, how they function, and why they are a glaucoma therapy game-changer. Eyes have several sensory compartments. Eyes send brain impulses. Eye-aqueous humour production causes glaucoma. It mostly affects the over-50s. Glaucoma destroys retinal ganglion cells and the optic nerve, causing blindness. CO2 inhibitors treat it. This inhibitor keeps aqueous humour from the ocular fluid. Normal eye medication dosage. This ocular drug administration approach relies on nasolacrimal drainage and tears turnover to provide the usual dose form. Low bioavailability. Novel pharmaceutical delivery dose formulations can fix this. Nano co-adhesive compositions prolong ocular drug delivery. Liposomes cure glaucoma uniquely. Bioavailability lowers toxicity and dosage. Novel Drug Delivery System helps glaucoma patients worldwide. Liposomes drop IOP slowly. Aqueous liposomes have natural and synthetic phospholipid bilayers. Liposomes contain hydrophilic medicines. Liposomes resemble cells. Their properties make them cling to cells. Biocompatible liposomes increase drug solubility, stability, absorption, and toxicity. Conjunctiva and cornea interactions with liposomes impact tear dynamics and medication duration and frequency. Novel eye medication delivery methods are being investigated. This medicine administration at the proper place challenges drug delivery systems. Here are innovative ocular drug-delivery methods. Biocompatible liposomes improve drug solubility, stability, absorption, and toxicity. Liposomes affect tear dynamics and medication duration and frequency via interacting with the conjunctiva and cornea. Novel ocular medicine delivery techniques for various eye ailments are being explored. This medication administration at the right place challenges drug delivery systems. Innovative ocular drug-delivery systems will be reviewed here.
Design, characterization and optimization of Rosuvastatin calcium nanosponges loaded transdermal patch
Authors: S Satyalakshmi , D Karthik , J Anusha , Kumari PV Kamala , Rao Y Srinivasa , Rao B Rama
Published: May 2024

Rosuvastatin calcium is a low solubility containing anti-lipidemic drug and provides only 20% of oral bioavailability. Following a different route of administration can overcome the first pass metabolism and may improve the bioavailability. Therefore the present study aimed to design and characterize a transdermal patch containing rosuvastatn calcium nanospoges (RST-NSP) to enhance the drug dissolution. Emulsion solvent diffusion method was used in the preparation of (RST-NSP) employing β-cyclodextrin and poly vinyl alcohol as solubility enhancers. Design Expert® 13 was employed to design twenty formulations in which concentration of β-Cyclodextrin in mg (A), ethylcellulose in mg (B) and reaction time in hrs (C) were taken as independent factors, where as entrapment efficiency (%) and particle size were considered two responses. Triple fold increase in solubility, 86 % of entrapment efficiency, 200 nm particle size containing NSP were loaded in transdermal patch by solvent casting method, with hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose and cabopol as polymers in 3:1 ratio. SEM analysis showed the uniform distribution of nanosponges and its morphology. The transdermal patch loaded NSP released the drug up to 10 h. Kinetic modeling on release data showed that the best fitted model was Higuchi model and release mechanism was by Fickian diffusion.
In-vivo study of Budesonide mini-tablets in enteric coated capsules for the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Pradyumna Donepudi , Srinivas Lankalapalli , Krishna Nallamothu
Published: May 2024

Budesonide, a corticosteroid, was used as a model drug to study the effects of independent variables like HPMC K4M as a release retarding polymer at 2-6% and Crospovidone as a super disintegrant at 2-5% on in vitro drug release to meet desired Q points of dissolution. Current study used a 32 factorial design (Stat-Ease Design Expert v12) to formulate a mini-tablet in an enteric-coated capsule to treat ulcerative colitis utilising ECDDT and mini-tablets. An in vivo study was conducted in New Zealand rabbits to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters for the optimized formulation (BF4-O). Time vs. plasma concentration plots of the Pure drug and Optimized formulation was observed. Plotted Area under the curve indicates the extent of drug absorption inside the body. Pharmacokinetic analysis of Budesonide pre drug plasma concentration–time data provided the following pharmacokinetic parameters like Cmax value ranging (1.42 ± 2.12 ng/mL), Tmax value (4.0 Hours), AUC value (12.77 ± 0.15 h.ng/mL), Half Life (3.5 Hours) and other pharmacokinetic parameters are depicted. Study demonstrates the variability in pharmacokinetic parameters like Tmax, Cmax, T1/2 (Hours), AUC and Ke. Henceforth, the newly developed Mini-Tablet in Enteric Coated capsule could be utilized clinically for the treatment of Ulcerative Colitis, alternatively with cost-effectiveness.
Tyrosinase and Peroxiredoxin Inhibitory Action of Ethanolic Extracts of Memecylon malabaricum Leaves
Authors: P. James Jainey , Crasta Leema , Shetty Veeksha , Jyothi Divya , Jouhara Mariyam , Fathima C Zakiya , T. J. Sindhu , Keerthan Keerthan
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to determine the tyrosinase and peroxiredoxin inhibitory action of ethanolic extracts of Memecylon malabaricum leaves. The phytoconstituents present in Memecylon malabaricum were analysed for their inhibitory activity against the tyrosinase and peroxiredoxin enzymes by molecular docking, and their molecular interactions were confirmed. The Qikprop module checked their pharmacokinetic profiles. The ethanolic extracts were prepared, and they were analysed for antityrosinase and antioxidant activity by in vitro methods. All the fourteen phytoconstituents obtained from Memecylon malabaricum were docked with two proteins, tyrosinase (5I38) and peroxiredoxin (1HD2), and MM1 was the well-interacted compound. The ethanolic extract was evaluated for tyrosinase inhibitory activity and antioxidant activity using the DPPH radical scavenging method and was compared with the standard ascorbic acid. It was concluded that the ethanolic extract of Memecylon malabaricum was active, and further pharmacological studies were needed to confirm their potency.
Revealing Novel Antiretroviral Candidate from Garcinia mangostana L. againts HIV-1 Infection via Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition: In Silico Study
Authors: Dhea Kharisma Viol , Muhammad Ansori Arif Nur , Ali Murtadlo Ahmad Affan , Rebezov Maksim , Maksimiuk Nikolai , Burkov Pavel , Derkho Marina , Bobkova Elena , Ponomarev Evgeny , Jakhmola Vikash , Purnobasuki Hery
Published: May 2024

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a genus of Lentivirus that triggers opportunistic diseases in the human body. HIV-1 has been a major problem for the world community for a long time and triggered a pandemic. HIV-1 antiviral drugs with the mechanism of inhibiting specific proteins have been found but have some harmful side effects for patients. Back to nature solutions can be used to solve these problems. Natural ingredients can be used as an alternative treatment for the treatment of HIV-1 infection allegedly more effective and minimal side effects. Antiviral candidate natural ingredients such as Garcinia mangostana L. with compounds consisting of Mangostin and Garcinone, the potential of Garcinone compounds is currently still unidentified. This study aims to reveal the potential of Garcinone derivative compounds from Garcinia mangostana L. as HIV-1 antiviral through the mechanism of reverse transcriptase inhibition with an in silico approach. The method used in this research is in silico simulation such as druglikeness analysis, molecular docking, chemical bond identification, and molecular stability. Garcinone A from Garcinia mangostana L. can be an HIV-1 antiviral candidate with a good molecular mechanism of inhibiting HIV-1 RT activity because it produces more negative binding affinity than the control drug and triggers stable binding interactions on the target.
Status of salivary human beta defensin-2 in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer: Quest for a novel non-invasive biomarker
Authors: Madiyal Ananya , G. Babu Subhas , Kumari N Suchetha , K. P Sharmila , U Prajna , Kumari Deesha , Asan Mohammed Faizal
Published: May 2024

Background: Oral cancer ranks sixth among all the types of cancers globally and contributes to significant mortality and morbidity. Inflammation is known to play an important role in tumorigenesis. Human Beta Defensins are a type of AMP that play a role as chemo attractive, antimicrobial, and antitumor agents and also act as immunomodulators. They have also been demonstrated in cancer cell lines. Beta defensins act as tumor suppressor genes by manipulating the tumor microenvironment. The existing literature on human beta defensin-2 activity is scarce. There exists no literature on the comparison of the level of salivary human beta defensin-2 between subjects with oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer. Saliva contains constituents that reflect the physiologic state of the body. This can be utilized for rapid and atraumatic diagnosis of diseases owing to its non-invasive nature of collection. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess the level of human beta defensin-2 in the saliva of subjects with oral potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer and compare them with levels in healthy subjects. Materials and methods: The study sample included 75 subjects who were divided into three groups consisting of healthy subjects, subjects with oral potentially premalignant disorders and subjects with oral cancer. Results: The mean salivary Human beta defensin-2 level in subjects with oral cancer was significantly higher than in healthy controls and subjects with oral potentially malignant disorders. The level was highest in the oral cancer group and least in the control group. This difference among the 3 groups was statistically significant. In the group with premalignant disorders, the variation in the level of salivary human beta defensin-2 according to the type of lesion was not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study highlights the diagnostic role of hBD-2 in saliva. The presence of Human beta defensin-2 in the saliva of healthy controls points to its role in the maintenance of mucosal integrity. Elevation in the level of hBD-2 in oral potentially malignant disorders and a further increase in oral cancer indicate the potential use of hBD-2 as a biomarker in early diagnosis of oral cancer. Use of saliva as the diagnostic fluid aids in establishing a non-invasive and atraumatic means of diagnosis.
Testagem para a infecção pelo HIV entre homens que fazem sexo com homens: preditores para adesão
Authors: Sousa Laelson Rochelle Milanês , Rocha Daniel de Macedo , Mesquita Rafael Fernandes de , Carvalho Raphael Augusto Gir de , Santos Andressa Silva Torres dos , Gir Elucir , Reis Renata Karina
Published: May 2024

Introdução: A epidemia da infecção pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) apresenta tendência crescente entre homens que fazem sexo com homens (HSH). E, apesar dos avanços, ainda é expressiva a proporção global de pessoas nunca testadas ou que desconhecem seu status sorológico (1/3), aumentando as chances de deterioração imunológica e transmissão secundária. Desse modo, compreender os fatores que atuam como barreiras ou facilitadores da testagem do HIV entre os HSH é essencial para aumentar o acesso aos serviços especializados, a conscientização sobre as práticas de risco, a adesão e a frequência do teste. Objetivo: Analisar os preditores para adesão à testagem da infecção pelo HIV entre HSH brasileiros. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.438 HSH, selecionados por conveniência de forma on-line em todas as regiões do Brasil, entre abril e maio de 2020. A análise de regressão logística binária foi usada para identificar os preditores independentes da testagem de HIV na população estudada. Resultados: A adesão ao teste de HIV foi alta (80,1%). As variáveis “menor escolaridade” (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2,40, intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] 1,59–3,63), “morar na região Norte do Brasil” (AOR: 4,41, IC95% 1,45–13,7) e “ter de 18 a 28 anos” (AOR: 2,66, IC95% 1,02–6,92) foram independentemente associadas às maiores chances de testagem de HIV. Conclusão: Verificou-se que mesmo com os avanços nos métodos de prevenção, ainda é expressiva a frequência de HSH nunca testados na vida. As variáveis “ter menos de 11 anos de estudos”, “morar na região Norte do Brasil” e “ter de 18 a 28 anos” constituíram preditores e associaram-se às maiores chances de realização da testagem de HIV. Novos estudos são necessários para evidenciar estratégias favoráveis que ampliem a testagem entre HSH, promover a saúde sexual e minimizar os comportamentos e as práticas de risco.
Conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas dos enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde de Valparaíso de Goiás, Goiás, em relação à sífilis em gestantes, abril de 2023
Authors: Morales Luiza Maria Parise , Olah Andressa Rocha , Silva Danielle Cristine Castanha da , Guimarães Luciana Nogueira de Almeida , Silva Leidimar Soares da , Rosa Fabiano Marques , Rodrigues Samara Carolina
Published: May 2024

Introdução: O cenário epidemiológico brasileiro da sífilis em gestantes tem se mostrado tema de alerta por seu aumento contínuo nas últimas décadas. Caso não detectada e tratada oportunamente, a sífilis em gestantes pode acarretar, entre outras complicações, a ocorrência de sífilis congênita, consolidada como importante marcador da qualidade da assistência pré-natal. Objetivo: Verificar conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas dos enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) de Valparaíso de Goiás, Goiás, frente à sífilis em gestantes. Métodos: Foi conduzido estudo transversal de Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Práticas (CAP) com o censo de enfermeiros da APS do município, em abril de 2023. Foram calculadas medidas de frequência absoluta e relativa. Resultados: Foram entrevistados 47 profissionais, dos quais 72,3% finalizaram a graduação há até 5 anos, 85,1% atuavam na atual Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS) há até 1 ano e 61,8% atuavam como pré-natalistas há até 1 ano. O bloco de práticas apresentou maior frequência de acertos (88,6%) em comparação aos blocos de conhecimentos (71,2%) e atitudes (74,2%). Identificou-se menor frequência de acertos nas perguntas relacionadas a tratamento nos três blocos (64,5, 53,0 e 74,3% em conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas, respectivamente) e nas perguntas relacionadas à parceria sexual (59,6%) no bloco de conhecimentos. Do total de entrevistados, 57,5% tiveram escore satisfatório para conhecimentos; 76,6%, para atitudes; e 94,3%, para práticas. As principais dificuldades apontadas foram baixa cobertura por agentes comunitários de saúde no território, recusa da parceria sexual da gestante em realizar testagem e/ou tratamento, e retorno inoportuno do resultado do Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL). Conclusão: Apesar do resultado superior no bloco de práticas, o resultado regular quanto às perguntas de tratamento e a alta rotatividade de profissionais apontam para a necessidade de atividades de formação em serviço dos profissionais responsáveis pela APS no município, com base nas diretrizes preconizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde.
Úlcera genital por citomegalovírus: relato de caso
Authors: Neiva Gentileza Santos Martins , Neiva Geovana Santos Martins , Araújo Ingryd Ramos de , Gomes Maria Fernanda Rodrigues , Grangeiro Heytor Cesídeo Gomes , Fernandes Juan Lennon Aureliano , Lima Higor Bezerra , Silva Maxbel Oliveira da , Silva Vera Lúcia Tenório Correia da , Chaves José Humberto Belmino
Published: May 2024

Introdução: As úlceras genitais por citomegalovírus (CMV), não sexualmente transmissíveis, são raras e mais frequentes em adolescentes e jovens. A infecção por CMV em imunocompetentes costuma ser assintomática ou síndrome mononucleose-like ― faringite, febre e linfadenopatia ― que, junto à cefaleia, úlceras orais, ou uso de antibióticos e anti-inflamatórios constitui o pródromo para manifestação das lesões. Há aparecimento súbito de úlceras únicas ou múltiplas, dolorosas e profundas com bordos circinados. Geralmente são extensas e únicas, necróticas, com hiperemia vulvar, edema e linfadenopatia local. Deve-se realizar diagnóstico diferencial com úlceras por infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST), como sífilis primária, cancro, herpes simples, Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana (HIV) e linfogranuloma venéreo. Objetivo: Descrever o caso de uma paciente adolescente com úlcera genital por citomegalovírus. Relato de caso: Paciente, sexo feminino, 14 anos, virgem, acompanhada da genitora, encaminhada ao ambulatório de Patologia Vulvar do Hospital Universitário Professor Alberto Antunes, por aparecimento de dor intensa e disúria relacionadas ao surgimento de úlcera única há 30 dias, preenchida com exsudato esbranquiçado aderente, com sinais flogísticos que ocupava todo o monte de Vênus, associada a linfonodo inguinal palpável ipsilateral. Sem lesões em outras mucosas ou vísceras palpáveis. Não relatou sinais prodrômicos, imunodeficiência ou uso prévio de antibiótico ou anti-inflamatório. A genitora negou quaisquer sinais relacionados a abuso sexual, e ao exame ginecológico não foram encontrados sinais de violação. Fez uso de cefalexina por 5 dias, com piora da lesão e da dor; no 30º dia, surgiram secreção amarelada e febre. Levantada a hipótese de úlcera não relacionada à IST, foram solicitadas sorologias para vários agentes, entre eles o citomegalovírus, com IgM e IgG reagentes. Mantida prescrição de betametasona, ocorreu remissão da lesão em 20 dias. Conclusão: A úlcera por citomegalovírus é rara. Pode utilizar sintomáticos e corticosteroides para tratá-la. Em crianças, deve-se descartar possibilidades de IST e abuso sexual.
Sexual Behavior and Factors Associated with Syphilis among Patients at a Sexual Health Center
Authors: Marques Cristhiane Campos , Mariz Fabiana Nunes de Carvalho , Moreira Berenice , Marques Thaisa Campos , Araújo Carla Nunes de
Published: May 2024

Background: Syphilis has resurfaced epidemically worldwide and knowledge of at-risk populations can contribute to disease prevention and control. Objective: To assess the detection rate of syphilis among patients of a sexual health center and its association with sexual and social behaviors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Counselling and Testing Center (CTC) in Rio Verde, Goiás, Brazil. We analyzed retrospective data from standardized CTC forms from patients followed in 2018. Results: A total of 3,526 patient forms were included in the analysis. The number of patients testing positive for syphilis was 344 (9.76%), mostly men (57.56%, p-value [p]=0.0093), more than 8 years of schooling (61.22%, p=0.0017), a tendency to age between 20 and 39 years (63.08%, p=0.0683), and not married (62.07%, p=0.0042). There were no differences between races. Individuals who reported multiple partners (p<0.0001, odds ratio [OR]=0.546), homosexual relationships (p<0.0001, OR=2.931), and use of drugs (p<0.0001, OR=1.291) were more frequently diagnosed with the disease. Men who have sex with men (MSM) tended to not use condoms with steady partners (72.0%, p=0.3257), presented previous sexually transmitted infections (STI) (p=0.0088, OR=2.84), and a higher rate of co-infection with HIV (p=0.0195, OR=2.37). Contradictorily, regular use of condoms and steady partnership were not protective factors (p>0.0500). Conclusions: Data suggest a high detection rate of syphilis among MSM attending the Rio Verde Sexual health center.
Perfil etiológico das uretrites e úlceras genitais em pacientes do sexo masculino em Ribeirão Preto
Authors: Barufaldi Felipe , Santana Rodrigo de Carvalho , Elias Henrique Ciabotti
Published: May 2024

Introdução: As infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (ISTs) são responsáveis por altas taxas de morbidade e elevados custos em saúde pública. A uretrite é uma condição multifatorial, adquirida sexualmente na maioria dos casos. É classicamente dividida em gonocócica (causada pela Neisseria gonorrhoeae) e não gonocócica. As úlceras genitais também são bastante frequentes (20 milhões de casos por ano) e de etiologias diversas. Objetivo: Identificar os agentes etiológicos das uretrites e úlceras genitais e caracterizar o perfil de resistência gonocócica aos antimicrobianos nas uretrites. Métodos: Estudo observacional e transversal. Participaram homens, com 18 anos ou mais, integrantes do Projeto Sengono em Ribeirão Preto, realizado em serviços de saúde especializados. Foram coletadas amostras de corrimento uretral e úlceras genitais. As amostras foram transportadas para um laboratório na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para verificação de gênero e espécie. Foram utilizados os sistemas automatizados Vitek2 (BioMérieux, França) e espectrometria de massa MALDI-TOF MS (BioMérieux, França) ou a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) convencional duplex in-house com o pseudogene porA e o gene 16S rRNA. A associação foi pelo teste de χ2, teste de Fisher e teste t de Student ou Kruskal-Walis (nível de significância de 95%). Resultados: Foram 143 participantes, sendo 126 (88%) amostras de secreção uretral e 18 (12%) de úlceras genitais. Das amostras de secreção uretral, 98 (78%) casos de uretrite gonocócica foram submetidos a teste de resistência antimicrobiana. Sobre etiologia das uretrites: 81 (81,8%) por Neisseria gonorrhoeae, 38 (38,4%) por Chlamydia trachomatis e 10 por (10,1%) por Ureaplasma urealyticum. Já nas úlceras genitais, 38,9% Herpes simplex tipo 2, 33,3% Treponema pallidum e 22,2% sem identificação do agente. O gonococo foi sensível aos antibióticos ceftriaxona e espectinomicina, e resistente ao ciprofloxacino (71,74%), à tetraciclina (43,44%) e à penicilina (26,09%). Conclusão: Conhecer os agentes causadores das ISTs facilita a decisão clínica da melhor antibioticoterapia prescrita.
Knowledge and Behavior of University Students on Transmission of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Authors: Marques Cristhiane Campos , Trombetta Marihá Thaís , Camargo Júnior Elton Brás , Moreira Berenice , Mariz Fabiana Nunes de Carvalho
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The continuous advancement of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a considerable challenge, requiring a more organized approach to society. Understanding the profile of university students, covering knowledge of transmission pathways and risk behaviors, is crucial to developing effective strategies against agents that cause STIs. Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of university students of health courses about STIs, and investigate their conceptions about the modes of transmission. Methods: The research followed an observational approach, with descriptive quantitative analysis. Data were collected through questionnaires, preceded by the informed consent of the participants. The sample involved 83 students from health courses, 18 years old and over, selected by lot. The questionnaire was filled in the virtual platform Research Eletronic Data Capture (REDCap), with the link sent by email or WhatsApp. The data will be compiled for further statistical analysis. Results: The results indicate that the respondents were mostly female, single and attending between the second and third semesters in the health area. As for knowledge about STI transmission, misconceptions persist, such as the belief in contamination in public bathrooms and the risk of contagion when sharing toothbrushes. On the other hand, there is a satisfactory understanding of the use of sharp objects in drug consumption and transmission of STIs. Although they understood the importance of condoms to prevent these infections, 31% did not use them in their first intercourse, and 77% had multiple sexual partnerships. The study indicates a sexually active population, conscious of the correct use of condoms, but with inconsistent use. Regarding the risk of AIDS, 77% consider it low or non-existent. Conclusion: Due to the facts exposed, it is noted that this study offers a relevant analysis that can support awareness campaigns about STIs. It can also guide adjustments to health strategies in the city of Rio Verde aimed at the university public.
Exploring fungal potential for enhancement of environment
Authors: Gonçalves Ester Vieira , Bedoya Roqueme Edwin De Jesús , Martins Marcos Dias , Andrade Rodrigo da Costa , Caramori Samantha Salomão
Published: May 2024

Inadequate effluent disposal has caused damage to the environment worldwide. This study aimed to perform a scientometric analysis of studies exploiting fungi applied to improve the quality of effluents. We used Web of Science, Scopus and Pubmed databases to search for publications between 1980 and 2023. The pollutants and effluent quality parameters most commonly addressed in scientific literature were identified, revealing trends and gaps in the field. A correlation analysis was performed between the variables Research and Development (R&D), gross domestic product (GDP) per capita, and number of inhabitants per country to investigate whether these variables are correlated with the number of research studies in each country. In addition, a linear regression was performed to investigate the effect of the number of inhabitants per country of each country on the number of studies. A total of 11183 articles were obtained, of which 2001 were identified as related to the main topic, and then more than 30 different types of pollutants were removed, such as primarily including dyes (951), phenolic compounds (682), and heavy metals (562). Concerning effluent quality parameters, chemical oxygen demand was most frequently mentioned in the articles obtained from the literature review (620). The world’s most populous countries produce the largest number of studies related to the topic. Our results highlight the bioremediation potential importance of fungi in the scientific literature, even under inhospitable conditions for microorganisms (such as toxicity, low temperatures, and high acidity), reducing environmental damage in aquatic environments and mitigating harm to public health.
Histopathological and Antioxidant Effects of Bromelain on Kidney Tissue of Tyloxapol-Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats
Authors: Sulumer Ayşe Nurseli , Palabıyık Esra , Avcı Bahri , Uğuz Handan , Aşkın Hakan
Published: May 2024

This study was designed to investigate the nephroprotective effect of Bromelain against oxidative stress induced by Tyloxopol-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Rats (n=6) were divided into three groups. I: Control (C) Group: No treatment was given and only distilled water was given; II: Tyloxapol (TX) Group: Group receiving Tyloxapol (400 mg/kg, i.p); III: Tyloxapol + Bromelain (TX+BR) Group: Group receiving Tyloxapol (400 mg/kg, i.p.) and group receiving Bromelain (250 mg/kg, o.d.) for 18 days. As a result of Tyloxapol administration, oxidative stress parameters SOD and CAT levels decreased, while MDA levels increased. In addition, histopathologic variations were detected in kidney sections. On the other hand, lipid peroxidation decreased and most of the studied parameters improved with combined administration (TX+BR group). According to the results obtained, bromelain may be a potent and alternative agent with protective effect for further studies.
Rezension von: Seck, Friedrich (Hrsg.), Zum 400. Geburtstag von Wilhelm Schickhard
Authors: Setzler Wilfried , Seck Friedrich
Published: May 2024

Friedrich Seck (Hrsg.): Zum 400. Geburtstag von Wilhelm Schickhard. Zweites Tübinger Schickhard-Symposium. (CONTUBERNIUM, Band 41). Jan Thorbecke Verlag Sigmaringen 1995. 320 Seiten mit 61 Abbildungen. Leinen DM 76,-
Rezension von: Hauser, Andrea, Dinge des Alltags
Authors: Beckmann Ralf , Hauser Andrea
Published: May 2024

Andrea Hauser: Dinge des Alltags. Studien zur historischen Sachkultur eines schwäbischen Dorfes. (Untersuchungendes Ludwig-Uhland-Instituts der Universität übingen, Band 82). Tübingen 1994. 450 Seiten. Kartoniert DM 42,-
Rezension von: Der Stadtkreis Baden-Baden
Authors: Wrobbel Sibylle , Abt. Landesforsch. u. Landesbeschr. Außenstelle Karlsruhe
Published: May 2024

Der Stadtkreis Baden-Baden. Bearbeitet von der Außenstelle Karlsruhe der Abt. Landesforschung und Landesbeschreibung in der Landesarchivdirektion Baden-Württemberg. Jan Thorbecke Verlag Sigmaringen 1995. XXVI, 612 Seiten mit 113 Abbildungen, davon106 in Farbe, 60 Textkarten und Graphiken, 85 Tabellen, 6 Karten in Tasche. Leinen DM 59,-
Rezension von: John, Herwig (Bearb.), Wappenbuch des Landkreises Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald
Authors: Setzler Wilfried
Published: May 2024

Herwig John (Bearb.): Wappenbuch des Landkreises Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald. Wappen - Siegel - Dorfzeichen. (Veröffentlichungen der Staatlichen Archivverwaltung Baden-Württemberg, Band 49). W. Kohlhammer Verlag Stuttgart 1994. 423 Seiten mit zahlreichen, teils farbigen Abbildungen. Pappband DM 49,-
Free flexural vibrations of standard wide-flange H-beams with consideration of the shear effect
Authors: Magnucki Krzysztof
Published: May 2024

The subject of the paper is a simply supported standard wide-flange H-beam. Cross sections of this beam is analytically described as a three-layer structure. The shear effect in its succesive layers is taking into account with consideration of the classical shear stress formula called Zhuravsky shear stress. Based on Hamilton’s principle, two differential equations of motion are obtained. These equations are analytically solved and the fundamental natural frequency of flexural vibration for this beam is derived. Examplary calculations are carried out for selected five I-beams.