bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Detritos Humanos”, Direitos Humanos: A Cidade Baudelairiana e a Produção da Vida
Authors: Vilarino Júnior
Published: September 2023

Evidencia-se o diálogo da poesia de Charles Baudelaire com os direitos humanos, considerando-se a crítica do poeta à desumanização do urbanismo haussmanniano. Esse diálogo se construiria não como discurso de tribuna, mas um pensamento ético-estético contra a crença na universalidade do direito à cidade urbanizada, da qual Paris se torna emblema no Segundo Império. Contestando tal universalidade, a poesia baudelairiana indaga as condições de produção da humanidade do citadino e apresenta relevância para reflexões hodiernas sobre a correlação entre espaço e direito à cidade, o qual se vem negando historicamente a populações periféricas e marginalizadas.
Memória e Patrimônio Urbano: Os Impasses da Cidade em República dos Becos, de Luís Augusto Cassas
Authors: Da Costa Santos Kércya Rayanne , Pantoja dos Santos Silvana Maria
Published: September 2023

O presente artigo analisa a maneira como o sujeito poético de República dos becos, de Luís Augusto Cassas, interpreta a cidade, mediante as transformações do espaço e tempo, sob intermédio da memória e da preservação do patrimônio urbano. Para tanto, utilizamos os pensamentos de Zukin (1996) e Harvey (2005) sobre as paisagens pós-modernas e suas relações de força e poder; acerca de reflexões sobre a memória da cidade, adotamos o pensamento de Santos e Moreira (2020); sobre as interfaces entre memória e patrimônio, Pesavento (2005); Bollnow (2019) sobre a relação homem e espaço e Hallbwachs (1990) quanto as experiências da memória coletiva.
Potência, voz e escuta: uma pequena comunidade de imagens e conceitos
Authors: Klumb Frederico , Pedrosa Celia
Published: September 2023

O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma leitura de dois episódios clássicos que figuram o sentido da audição e o canto e, depois, compará-los com poemas brasileiros contemporâneos. Começaremos com um trecho da Argonáutica, envolvendo as sereias, e o episódio da Odisseia que o inspirou. Apoiados em Agamben e em estudos de Maria Rosa Oliveira e Ana Porrúa, observaremos nesses dois episódios as dinâmicas de realização ou não da voz. Em seguida, abordaremos os episódios segundo a ideia de escuta de Jean-Luc Nancy. Por fim, traremos poemas de Ricardo Domeneck, Carlito Azevedo e Claudia Roquette- pinto, identificando como seus textos se relacionam com os dois episódios e os conceitos mobilizados.
Com a pedra, com a árvore, com o rio: pensar a atenção e o mínimo nas criações poéticas de Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen e Manuel Bandeira
Authors: Brito Nuno
Published: September 2023

Este estudo tem como ponto de partida a leitura e análise dos poemas “Arte Poética III”, de Sophia de Mello Breyner, e “Maçã”, de Manuel Bandeira, procurando estudar, numa perspectiva comparativa, a forma como os dois poemas destacam uma visão do fazer poético e propõe uma percepção intensificada em direção ao mínimo que parte de uma revitalização do olhar poético. É dado um especial destaque aos conceitos de atenção e percepção como formas de desentranhar a poesia das coisas, expressão tão vital e reflexiva da criação poética de Manuel Bandeira que nos permite aproximar às poéticas destes dois autores.
A Palavra (Her)ética e a Tradição Sacrificial em Herberto Helder
Authors: Joaquim Ana Cristina
Published: September 2023

Trata-se pensar a ética na obra de Herberto Helder, conforme possibilidade de ressignificação dos termos condicionantes do comum e do singular na contemporaneidade por meio dos aspectos religiosos de que se revestem a sua obra, com ênfase para uma ideia de escrita sacrificial. Tal como aparece ao longo do seu trabalho criativo, o sacrifício guarda relações estreitas com tradições religiosas (a ideia de participação de um sentimento comunitário), operando, contra as expectativas das proposições morais religiosas, uma singularização que não deixa de reverberar nos códigos que as subvertem, daí o contorno ético que proponho como chave de leitura.
The problem of ensuring freedom of conscience and religion by law enforcement agencies of Scandinavian countries in modern conditions: public law aspect
Authors: Usanov Dmitry Olegovich
Published: September 2023

The article deals with the problems of legal regulation of relations in the Scandinavian states in the field of freedom of conscience and religion. The reason for addressing this topic was the public actions on the burning of the Koran that took place in Denmark and Sweden in 2023, which demonstrated the inability of law enforcement agencies and civil society of the Nordic countries to prevent a violation of public order, as well as the violation of fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual. The object of the study was both the legislation of the Kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden regulating relations in the religious sphere, and law enforcement practice. The article is based on the latest empirical data and research results, most of which have not been translated into Russian. As a result of the analysis of the current legislation of the Scandinavian states, it was concluded that the norms of public law do not correspond to the level and nature of public relations in the religious sphere. The norms of international and European law incorporated into the national legislation of the Scandinavian countries are also ineffective. An additional obstacle is the traditions of a society that recognizes everyone's right to free expression of opinions and thoughts. In order to prevent public events in the religious sphere that are openly extremist in nature, it is necessary to modernize the relevant legislation of the Scandinavian states. At a minimum, it is necessary to expand the powers of law enforcement agencies to ban such events as threatening the national interests of the Nordic countries.
PROGRAM FOR IMPLEMENTING FAMILY HOPE IN SINGKUP VILLAGE PURBARATU SUB-DISTRICT TASIKMALAYA CITY
Authors: Ardiana Chandra , Nurwanda Asep , Firmanto Candra
Published: September 2023

This research was motivated by observations and found a problem, namely the limited socialization of the implementing parties regarding the objectives of the Family Hope Program, the inappropriate target of the recipients of the Family Hope Program in Singkup Village because they are families with the category of being able to, and the limitations of the companion team in conducting data collection. The problem in this research is "How is the Implementation of the Family Hope Program in Singkup Village, Purbaratu District, Tasikmalaya City?" The type of research used is qualitative, using a descriptive approach. Primary data 9 informants. Data collection techniques are interviews, observation, and documentation. The technical analysis is data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing/verification. Based on the discussion: 1) Implementation of the Family Hope Program in Singkup Village, Purbaratu District, Tasikmalaya City is not optimal. 2) The obstacle is that there are still beneficiaries who are registered incorrectly because they are capable families and the distribution time is not in accordance with the provisions. 3) Efforts are being made, namely coordination between policymakers and field implementers.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA BUDI DAYA IKAN TANPA SURAT IZIN USAHA PERIKANAN
Authors: Supriyatin Ukilah , Hermana Anda , Galih Yuliana Surya , Mulyadi Dudung , Hardiman Dindin Mochamad
Published: September 2023

Pasal 33 Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 sebagaimana mengatur bahwa bumi, air, dan kekayaan alam yang terkandung didalamnya dikuasai oleh Negara dan dipergunakan untuk sebesar-besarnya kemakmuran rakyat. Ketentuan ini merupakan landasan kontitisional yang memberikan arah bagi pengaturan berbagai hal yang terkait sumber daya ikan. Hasil penelitian awal menunjukan fakta bahwa pelaku usaha kecil seperti Nelayan yang melakukan penangkapan, budi daya, dan penjualan ikan masih banyak yang tidak mempunyai Surat Izin Usaha Perikanan (SIUP). Ketentuan yang mengatur tindak pidana budi daya ikan tanpa Surat Izin Usaha Perikanan (SIUP) diatur dalam Pasal Pasal 92 Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2023 tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2022 tentang Cipta Kerja Menjadi Undang-Undang.
A review of research on student self-assessment in second / foreign language writing
Authors: Bhatti Nasreen , Nimehchisalem Vahid
Published: September 2023

The present article reviews the research on writing Self-Assessment (SA) conducted in the period of 2000 - 2020. The article discusses the theoretical foundation for SA following the review of conceptualization of SA by various researchers. We were particularly interested in (i) examining whether the concept of SA has witnessed an expansion during the two decades in English as a foreign/second language (EFL/ESL) writing and (ii) determining the components that were found interconnected to the concept of SA in the writing context. The findings related to the first objective indicate that the SA has expanded in its conceptualization; however, its definition and application are expected to broaden. As a result of analyzing the studies, based on the second objective, the following themes emerged: SA and training students, SA and the dialogue between students and teachers, SA and teacher training, SA and affective variables, SA and cultural components, SA and age, SA and instrumentation, SA and exemplars, SA and teacher feedback, SA and prior experience, SA and conducive environments, SA and contextualizing SA items. The review shows an important role of the components in the concept of SA in the EFL/ESL writing context; however, studies in this regard are scarce. Another group of studies that emerged was those that examined perceptions towards SA. We conclude with a critical reflection on the reviewed literature and recommend new directions for further studies.
Studi Literatur Indikator Kinerja Pelabuhan Secara Internal Dan Eksternal
Authors: Praharsi Yugowati , Hardiyanti Fitri , Puspita Sari Devina , Akseptori Ristanti , Maharani Aditya
Published: September 2023

Banyaknya Pelabuhan di Indonesia yang belum menerapkan Key Performance Indicator dalam evaluasi operasional kerjanya dan minimnya pengembangan teknologi sebagai nilai tambah dalam operasional Pelabuhan di Indonesia. Dilakukannya evaluasi dan pengukuran kinerja berdasarkan pada standar yang ada merupakan hal yang cukup penting dalam peningkatan kualitas kerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan rumusan KPI dengan merujuk pada gabungan metode BSC dan PESTLE untuk meningkatkan kinerja pelabuhan. Penggabungan metode BSC dan PESTLE yang juga disertai dengan konsep sustainability, smart dan green port. Metode BSC digunakan sebagai ukuran kinerja perusahaan secara keseluruhan tetapi lebih menitikberatkan pada aspek  internal perusahaan, sedangkan PESTLE digunakan sebagai ukuran kinerja pada aspek eksternal pelabuhan. Berdasarkan hasil studi literatur, metode-metode tersebut terbukti dapat digunakan sebagai alat ukur kinerja pelabuhan, sehingga perlu diintegrasikan karena perusahaan harus berada pada posisi kompetitif dengan informasi internal dan eksternal yang dibutuhkan. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan KPI yang telah dirumuskan dalam proses evaluasi kinerja Pelabuhan cukup penting untuk dilakukan.
Analisis Kelelahan Kerja Menggunakan Fatigue Assessment Scale pada PT. Indonesia Power Priok POMU
Authors: Lestari Ika Dwiyana , Chirzun Ahmad , Nurhasanah Nunung
Published: September 2023

Work fatigue is an important problem that must be handled properly because it can cause various problems, as fatigue is a major cause of work-related injuries and impacts productivity. Measure the level of fatigue of these workers will be carried out using the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS), a subjective fatigue measurement tool based on a questionnaire that is most appropriate for measuring the level of fatigue in workers. FAS has been rated as very reliable for measuring worker fatigue. The FAS consists of 10 questions examining physical and mental fatigue and their impact on activity motivation. If fatigue is not paid attention to, it will have an impact not only on the company but also on the workers themselves, ranging from causing work accidents to illnesses. Based on the calculations that have been done for the average answer to the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) questionnaire, in this case, the highest average holder has represented physical and mental fatigue, number 4 represents physical fatigue, and number 10 represents mental fatigue. and based on the calculation results in the Likert scale, which gets an index of 97.7%, this indicates that for the level of fatigue itself, PT. Indonesia Power Priok POMU can be categorized as Very Good. Do not experience excessive work fatigue, and the workload does not exceed the workers' capabilities
Analisis Waste Pada UMKM Konveksi Maxsupply Menggunakan Pendekatan Lean Manufacturing
Authors: Rakhmaputri Septalia , Aribowo Budi , Nurhasanah Nunung , Purwandari Aprilia Tri
Published: September 2023

According to the theory of the Toyota Production System (TPS), there are seven types of waste that exist during the production process: Overproduction, defective products, storage, transportation, waiting, unnecessary movement, and overprocessing. To maximize profits, Maxsupply Convection uses the made-to-order production method and works to produce products according to customer requests. To meet the expectations of its customers, Maxsupply must consider productivity levels, product quality, and on-time delivery. In addition, a process can be considered efficient and effective if it does not produce waste. Meanwhile, the company's production process is inseparable from waste. The Borda method identified waste in companies and found waste in waiting and unnecessary movements. After that, a causal diagram is used to see what factors can cause waste in the production process. Man, machine, method, material, and environment cause the waiting category. Man, method, and environment cause the unnecessary movement category. Using AHP found that the highest priority cause of waste in the waiting process was due to the machine factor with a value of 10% and in the unnecessary movement category of 20% caused by environmental factors. Control recommendations given using FMEA get an RPN value of 49 with control recommendations, namely carrying out routine maintenance for machines, and an RPN value of 79 in the unnecessary movement category by implementing 5R in the production area. The proposed improvements in this study are a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) devoted to machine routine scheduling and the implementation of 5R by all employees in the production area.
PENERAPAN PRINSIP PACTA SUNT SERVANDA TERHADAP RESOLUSI DEWAN KEAMANAN PBB MENGENAI NUKLIR IRAN
Authors: Sembiring Fachrudin
Published: September 2023

The Security Council is a main organ under the authority of the United Nation which has a major role in maintaining security and world peace. One of the efforts is to detect over all things that could threat the world. One of them is nuclear technology development by a state with no intention of peace. That was happened with Iran. The Council imposed resolutions to Iran. Many of them met failure because of disobedience of Iran. In the end, JCPOA is formed and become a new beginning of the conformity of Iran. The measure of the JCPOA extent to the Resolution No. S/RES/2231 (2015). Iran must comply the resolution in purpose to respect the UN Charter by principle of Pacta Sunt Servanda. Researcher used juridical-normative method with statute approach. Secondary data is used by placing the UN Charter and resolutions of Iran as the main material. The research carried out to find out the point of appointment that Iran has been responsible over it’s nucler technology development. The responsibility is realized with the approval JCPOA by Iran Government to comply with the Resolution No. S/RES/2231 (2015).
IMPLEMENTASI SERAH SIMPAN KARYA CETAK DAN KARYA REKAMAN DI LINGKUNGAN PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Hadiarianti Venantia Sri
Published: September 2023

Basically the manifestation of creativity, sensitivity, and activity is protected by copyright. In the context of higher learning institution each professor has a main obligation to implement the three works of higher learning institution (Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi). The substance of the three works is full with the content of copyright, especially research work. The result of a research which is still in the form of manuscript can be submitted to the university library if it does not need publication. And what is publicized to be a book according to the Law Number 4 Year 1990 about the Submission of Printed Works and Recorded Works has to be submitted to and saved in National Library (two books) and Regional Library (one book) by the publisher or an institution legalized in the Government Regulation. In 2014 was issued the Law Number 28 Year 2014 about Copyright. By using the normative juridical research method some issues are to be scrutinized. Firstly, relation between the Law Number 4 Year 1990 about the Submission of Printed Work and Recorded Work and the Law Number 28 Year 2014 about Copyright. Secondly, the implementation of the Law Number 4 Year 1990 about the Submission of Printed Works and Recorded Works in the context of higher learning institution. It is found that both of the Laws are related to eachother in regard with the printed works and recorded works as the object of copyright. The Law Number 4 Year 1990 has not been effective yet according to the mandate of the law.
PEMUTUSAN HUBUNGAN KERJA DI SUATU PERUSAHAAN YANG TIDAK BERDASARKAN DASAR HUKUM YANG TEGAS
Authors: Dias Fransiskus Xaverius
Published: September 2023

Termination of Employment (PHK) is the termination of employment because something that results in the termination of rights and obligations between workers / employers and employers is regulated in Article 1 number 25 of Law Number 13 Year 2003 concerning Manpower. In termination of employment sometimes disputes arise. These disputes tend to occur because there is no common understanding between workers / laborers and employers regarding the termination of employment relations. Settlement of PHK disputes can be carried out by Bipartite, Mediation, Conciliation, Arbitration and the Industrial Relations Court. This study aims to find out how arrangements regarding layoffs associated with severe errors made by employees. The research method used in this study is normative juridical. Data sources used in the form of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, and tertiary legal materials. The results showed that layoffs due to gross misconduct must not be carried out unilaterally by employers but must wait for the criminal justice process until a court decision has permanent legal force and states that the employee has been legally and convincingly proven to have made a serious mistake. The legal remedies that can be done by employees who are laid off are fighting through bipartite if bipartite fails then it can go through the court. The suggestion in this study is that a company should be in termination of employment (PHK) must comply with labor laws in force in Indonesia so that there are no parties who feel disadvantaged.
Iron deficiency and its impact to children’s cognitive and development
Authors: Sekartini Rini
Published: September 2023

Children are born to learn, and they develop and learn very quickly in their early years. Brain development milestones in children aged 0-5 years and Iron plays an important role in many neurodevelopmental processes, and animal studies have shown that adequate iron requirements in pregnancy and childhood are critical for a child's brain and neurodevelopment.
A Sensitive and High Throughput LC-MS/MS Method for the Determination of Resveratrol in Peanut Matrix
Authors: Pasupuleti Vidya Sagar Venkata , Bagade Prashant , Kachireddy Naga Suresh Reddy Venkata
Published: September 2023

A precise and very efficient tandem mass spectrometry method (LC-MS/MS) was developed to quantify the resveratrol in the peanut matrix. Two mobile phases made up of water and acetonitrile in a ratio of 98:2 (%v/v) with 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile and water in a percentage of 98:2 %(v/v) with 0.1% formic acid were used in the LC-MS/MS analysis of resveratrol on a BEH C-18, 130A° (50mm 2.1mm, 1.7μm) analytical column with 0.3 mL/min of flow rate. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer and a positive electrospray ionization system were used to quantify resveratrol in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. The technique was evaluated and was found capable of quantifying resveratrol in peanut samples starting at 10 ng/g in compliance with SANTE guidelines.
Novel trifluoromethyl-thieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxamide and Schiff’s base derivatives and their anticancer activity
Authors: Vadla Balakishan , Puram Naveen , Betala Sailu
Published: September 2023

A series of novel trifluoromethyl-thieno[2,3-b] pyridine-2-carboxamide 3a-h and Schiff’s base derivatives 5a-g was prepared starting from 6-methyl-2-oxo-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carb onitrile 1. Compound 1 on reaction with bromoethyl acetate produced ester derivative 2 on reaction with different amines produced amide derivatives 3. Ester derivative 2 which on reaction with hydrazine hydrate gave hydrazide 4 derivative. Further this compound on reaction with different substituted aromatic aldehydes formed Schiff’s base derivatives 5. All the products 3a-h and 5a-f were screened against four human cancer cell lines such as HeLa -Cervical cancer (CCL-2), COLO 205-Colon cancer (CCL-222), HepG2-Liver cancer (HB-8065) and MCF7-Breast cancer (HTB-22). Promising compounds 3a and 3c have been identified with reference to standard control of 5-Fluorouracil.
Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles from Natural Resources; Their Study and Applications
Authors: Sharma Porshia , Rathore Pragya , Pathak Richa , Verma Ayushi
Published: September 2023

Green synthesis of nanoparticles via nanotechnology has many potential applications in various fields. The main aim of green synthesis is to decrease the use of toxic chemicals. Nanotechnology is considered as the revolution in the field of science and technology. It involves the manipulation of materials and synthesizes structures of different atoms and molecules on nano-scale having similar chemical composition to larger synthesized nanoparticles which had never been as easy as it has become with the “green-synthesis” methodologies. Using plants and micro-organisms such as bacteria, fungi have thus become biologically safe, cost-effective and environmental-friendly. In this review, we have discussed about green-synthesis and the different techniques that are involved for formation of nanoparticles and focused mainly on gold and silver nanoparticles including their sources and various anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-cancerous, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic properties.
The development of mineral resources in the Arctic zone of Russia as a potential environmentally hazardous activity: the legal framework
Authors: Yakovleva T. A.
Published: September 2023

The current legislation of the Russian Federation lacks a defined term for «environmentally hazardous activity». Existing definitions in scientific literature fall short of capturing its essence comprehensively. To assess the legal framework for ensuring environmental safety during mineral resource development in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, this study employs a methodology grounded in general scientific and legal methods, including formal logic, legal interpretation, and legal modeling. According to Russian legislation, the extent of environmentally hazardous economic and other activities is influenced by the facilities where legal entities and entrepreneurs conduct their operations. These facilities are classified based on the following criteria: 1. the extent of the facility’s negative impact on the environment; 2. the facility’s designation as a hazardous production facility; 3. the object of state environmental monitoring, categorized by the risk of damage to values protected by the law, including the universal right to a healthy environment; 4. the geographic location of the object of state environmental monitoring. Taking these criteria into account, this article presents a comprehensive definition and classification of environmentally hazardous economic activities. The development of mineral resources in the Arctic zone of Russia falls under this classification, with varying degrees of environmental risk-ranging from high to significant and average.
AKRASIA, WEAKNESS OF THE WILL AND KNOWLEDGE OF THE GOOD
Authors: DORANTES Roberto Parra
Published: September 2023

The phenomenon of akrasia (committing wrong actions while knowing them to be wrong, also known as weakness of the will or incontinence) has puzzled philosophers at least since the time of Socrates, who nevertheless concluded that it is never instantiated in reality, since according to him any person who has knowledge of the good will always act rightly, and thus the only reason people ever commit wrong deeds is ignorance. Many other philosophers, including Aristotle, have thought that acratic actions exist and are actually quite frequent, and they have tried to explain akrasia in a way that stays true to those appearances. In this article the position of Aristotle on this topic is presented and then contrasted with that of Donald Davidson; after finding similarities in both approaches, a hypothesis about the relation between akrasia and the emotions is defended, and temporary forgetfulness is proposed as the underlying mechanism through which this phenomenon operates.
A BRIEF PRESENTATION OF THE ARGUMENTS IN FAVOR OF THE VENERATION OF ICONS IN THE FIRST ICONOCLASM
Authors: ANGHELESCU Gheorghe F. , CHIRCALAN Ionuț
Published: September 2023

Icons became an increasingly familiar presence to Christians, especially with the spread of the faith outside the Jewish space, more restrained from iconographic representations, although assiduously honoring the revealed scriptural text, as well as the temple adorned with figurative images and religious representations. However, in the 8th and 9th centuries they would be exposed to a fierce reevaluation, through the Byzantine iconoclasm, 726-780, 815-842. The Church would confirm, in the end, both the importance of iconography and the veneration of the icons, arguing it on the bases of Christ incarnation and on the antiquity of the tradition. There were still less emphasised the fact that God is sharing His all-blessing-grace and reveals Himselves through the icons.
Institutional Corruption
Authors: Schulz Armin
Published: September 2023

While corruption has long been recognized as a major social problem, only relatively recently has the importance of a specific institutional form of corruption been noted. However, despite the fact that institutional corruption has come to be seen as very important, it remains a challenge to specify exactly what makes something a case of institutional corruption. To overcome this challenge, this paper argues that institutional corruption is the result of an individual or collective agent acting in ways that prevent a social institution from partially or fully fulfilling its function. In turn, the function of a social institution is spelled out in line with what is shown to be the most compelling account of social functionalism in the literature: Presentist Social Functionalism. Presentist Social Functionalism sees the function of a social institution as those of its features that increase its expected reproductive or survival success in the current socio-cultural environment. This theory of institutional corruption is shown to have a number of highly desirable features: it is general, fully spelled out, situated in a wider functionalist approach towards the social sciences, and does justice to the complexity of institutional corruption.
Inclusive Blameworthiness and the Wrongfulness of Causing Harm
Authors: Tiffany Evan
Published: September 2023

This paper takes up the question of whether the consequences of a person’s volitional actions can contribute to their blameworthiness.  On the one hand it is intuitively plausible to hold that if D1 volitionally shoots V with the intention of killing V then D1 is blameworthy for V’s death.  On the other hand, if the only difference between D1 and D2 is resultant luck, many find it counter-intuitive to hold that D1 is more blameworthy than D2.  There are three broad (non-skeptical) strategies for resolving this tension: accept resultant moral luck, deny that one can be morally responsible for outcomes, or accept that outcomes can be within the scope of things one is morally responsible for while denying that they can affect the degree of blameworthiness.  This paper aims to defend resultant moral luck against both the scoping and the internalist strategies by drawing on an “inclusive conception” of blameworthiness, according to which how much blame one deserves is a function of two independent variables: the wrongfulness of the offense and the offender’s degree of moral responsibility.  The view defended here holds that consequences affect degree of blameworthiness by affecting the wrongfulness of that for which one is being blamed.
Attributionist Group Agent Responsibility
Authors: Piovarchy Adam
Published: September 2023

A number of philosophers have recently argued that group agents can be morally responsible for their actions in virtue of having a certain kind of structured decision-making procedure which is responsive to reasons. However, accounts of group agent blameworthiness face some objections. One is that group agents cannot be responsible for wrongdoing because they are unable to experience certain kinds of emotional responses (Thompson, 2018). Another is that group agents who regularly commit wrongdoing due to certain structural impediments will always be excused for their wrongdoing. This paper demonstrates such problems can be avoided by adopting an Attributionist theory of group moral responsibility. On this approach, though group agents lack certain capacities, their ability to deny that certain facts provide moral reasons to act in certain ways is sufficient to mean they hold objectionable attitudes towards us, and those attitudes are sufficient to make group agents blameworthy.
Perception and practice of junk food consumption among undergraduate students in a medical university in Chengalpattu District”
Authors: Kokilaa Gunaseelan Latha , Gowthamkarthic Ravichandhiran , Wali Abhinandan , Agadi Soumya
Published: September 2023

IntroductionJunk foods are defined as processed foods with negligible nutrient value and are often high in salt, sugar, and fat. Junk foods with high sugar content deplete energy levels and the ability to concentrate for extended periods, especially for college students who are forced to consume junk food to curb their hunger as it gives them a sense of pleasure. Due to low prices and affordability, they consume junk food as an alternative to home food.

MethodologyThis was a cross-sectional study carried out among undergraduate medical college students in the Chengalpattu district by systematic random sampling. A semi-structured questionnaire which was framed after reviewing similar works of literature was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding junk food consumption. The collected data were entered into MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 21. P value <0.05 was considered significant.

ResultsOf the 260 participants, 51% were males and 49% were females with a mean age of 20±2.0 years. 65% of the respondents had adequate knowledge regarding the harmful effects of junk food consumption and their BMI scores tended to be in the normal range. 45% of participants felt lethargic after consuming junk food. Chi-square revealed a statistically significant association between the student’s year of study (0.004) and their knowledge score, suggesting that the knowledge level was higher for interns.

ConclusionThe present study concludes that most participants had adequate knowledge of junk food consumption patterns. Nutrition counseling regarding a balanced diet and the harmful effects of junk foods may help to curb junk food addiction.
The trends and effects of food price inflation on the cost and affordability of nutritionally adequate diets in Malawi
Authors: Rana Md Masud , Roschnik Natalie , Taiwo Olusegun Caleb , Kulemba Anthony , Dambuleni Deusdedit , Phiri Brenda
Published: September 2023

Background Global challenges of hunger, food insecurity, and malnutrition persist, with nearly one in three people lacking sufficient food access. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated these issues, particularly in Africa, where 59.6% of the population grapples with food insecurity. Malawi faces high stunting and anaemia rates in children, driven by poverty, inadequate health services, and improper diet. Despite progress, the prevalence remains above regional averages. Research reveals imbalanced diets in Malawi, primarily reliant on maize, risking micronutrient deficiencies. This study examines diet affordability in the context of rising costs and low incomes, aiming to influence policy in addressing undernutrition in Malawi and highlighting the overlooked role of affordability in nutrition access. Objectives This assessment aimed to estimate the minimum cost of a nutritious diet using locally available and culturally acceptable food items in Malawi. The objective was to explore how economic constraints affect Malawian households, particularly the poor and ultra-poor, in accessing such diets. Additionally, it sought answers to questions about cost changes over 12 months and affordability among different wealth groups in the country. Methods This study involved secondary data analysis by employing the Cost of the Diet (CotD) research method and software. The World Food Programme’s Minimum Expenditure Basket (MEB) provided monthly food prices for 28 items from April 2021 to March 2022. Comparing the cost of a nutritious diet with per capita income from the Malawi Poverty Report, we estimated the affordability gap. Food price data was from 77 markets in 25 districts, ensuring national representation. Results The annual cost of a culturally acceptable nutritious diet for a five-person household from April 2021 to March 2022 was MWK 84,658/month (≈$103). The diet’s cost increased by 25% during the period, from MWK 2,519 to MWK 3,140 per day. Only average urban households had sufficient income to afford the diet, with a 9.7% surplus. Ultra-poor, poor, rural, and average Malawian households faced affordability gaps of 139.5%, 61.4%, 48.5%, and 32%, respectively. Closing the affordability gap would require additional monthly income of 29,134 kwacha (≈$35.5) for an average Malawian household, 37,481 kwacha for a typical rural household, 42,452 kwacha for a poor household, and 58,885 kwacha for an ultra-poor household. Conclusion The CotD assessment revealed a significant increase in the cost of a nutritious diet over the past 12 months. Most of the population cannot afford the cheapest nutritious diet. The recent currency devaluation may worsen the situation. Cash, voucher or food distribution could help close the affordability gap for poor and ultra-poor households. Regular monitoring and ongoing updates of the CotD results are necessary for informed decision-making.
SHIFTING MINDSETS: Views of seasoned experts on changes most needed now in global nutrition work
Authors: Greiner Ted
Published: September 2023

In preparation for a talk Alan Berg was asked to give at an American Society for Nutrition meeting honoring him and celebrating his 90th birthday, as well as the 50th anniversery of the publication of his book The Nutrition Factor, he asked 11 “nutrition engineers” (experts in public health nutrition, specializing in low-income settings) 3 questions. These are their responses.
Anatomy of xylem and phloem in stems and roots of Populus sibirica and Ulmus pumila from semi-arid steppe in Mongolia
Authors: Dimitrova Anastazija , Balzano Angela , Čufar Katarina , Scippa Gabriella S. , Merela Maks , Montagnoli Antonio , Nyam-Osor Batkhuu , Chimgee Enkhchimeg Tsedensodnom , Chiatante Donato
Published: September 2023

The present study focuses on the cambium and the anatomy of secondary tissues (xylem – wood and phloem) of Siberian poplar (Populus sibirica) and Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila) grown in a plantation in the semi-arid Mongolian steppe. Stem and root microcores from both species were collected and subsequently processed to obtain cross-sections for light microscopy by paraffin embedding, sectioning with a rotary microtome, and staining with safranin and astra blue. The results present the anatomy of the secondary xylem and phloem of stems and roots of both species, along with the characteristics of the youngest xylem and phloem annual rings. We discuss the critical aspects which need to be considered when using the microcoring methodology, along with the need for further studies on wood and phloem formation of less-commonly studied tree species and their characteristics when grown in semi-arid environments.
Hasil Review Trade Policy Review Body WTO sebagai Unilateral Act of an International Organization
Authors: Simbolon Putu George Matthew
Published: September 2023

This seeks to provide an understanding concerning the Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB) review perceived as a unilateral act of an international organization. The article is written based on the normative method through the application of doctrinal, conceptual, and case approaches. Furthermore, this article is also written by gathering primary and secondary legal sources. The article herein consists of three parts. The first part discusses the unilateral act as the source of international law as one of the international law norms outside the Article 38 paragraph (1) ICJ Statute. Meanwhile, the second part explains the weaknesses of TPRB which caused this organ unable to work under its effective means. Furthermore, the third part explains how the matters under the TPRB review outcome shall be conducted so that such a product can be qualified as a unilateral act applicable by WTO members under good faith. Based on the three discussions therein, this article suggests that the TPRB review outcome shall be perceived as a unilateral act of an international organization. Such perception can be actualized by applying imperative sentences in adopting the review outcome that will be issued for the reviewed member.   

 

Penelitian yang dijelaskan pada artikel ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan pemahaman mengenai bagaimana hasil review dari Trade Policy Review Body (TPRB) dapat dikualifikasi sebagai tindakan sepihak oleh organisasi internasional (unilateral act of an international organization). Artikel ini ditulis dengan menerapkan metode penelitian normatif melalui pendekatan doktrinal, konseptual dan kasus. Adapun bahan hukum yang digunakan yaitu bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Artikel ini terdiri dari tiga bagian. Bagian pertama membahas tentang unilateral act sebagai salah satu hukum internasional yang tidak diatur di dalam Article 38 paragraph (1) ICJ Statute. Bagian kedua dari artikel ini kemudian menjelaskan tentang kelemahan dari TPRB yang membuat organ ini tidak dapat bekerja dengan efektif untuk saat ini. Kemudian bagian ketiga menjelaskan tentang kalimat yang harus digunakan dalam menyusun materi muatan hasil review TPRB agar produk tersebut dapat menjadi tindakan unilateral yang harus diterapkan oleh anggota WTO dengan iktikad baik. Berdasarkan tiga pembahasan tersebut, artikel ini menyarankan agar hasil review TPRB harus dipandang sebagai tindakan unilateral. Pandangan tersebut dapat diwujudkan melalui diterapkannya penyusunan kalimat imperatif pada laporan yang akan diterbitkan kepada anggota yang direview.  
Rekonstruksi Pengembalian Kerugian Keuangan Negara Sebagai Alternatif Pengganti Pidana Penjara
Authors: Sudarmanto Kukuh , Cyzentio Chairilian Muhammad Alvin , Sukarna Kadi
Published: September 2023

 

The purpose of this study is to examine the system of recovering state financial losses in the criminal justice system for corruption in Indonesia and the reconstruction of state financial losses as an alternative to imprisonment. This research is included in non-doctrinal research, using normative-empirical research methods. The results of the research describe, the recovery of state financial losses carried out by the Prosecutor's Office through asset tracing and the implementation of Judge's decisions, does not indicate the existence of an optimal law enforcement system for efforts to save state assets. Only an average of 12.3%. It is necessary to reconstruct the recovery of state financial losses by reconstructing Article 4 Jo Article 18 Paragraph (1) letter b of Law no. 20 of 2001 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 31 of 1991 and the reconstruction of Article 5 paragraph (1) letter b Regulation of the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia No. 15 of 2020, namely the return of state finances can be realized in the settlement of cases through a restorative justice approach at the High Court as an alternative to imprisonment.

 

Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengkaji mengenai sistem pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara dalam sistem pemidanaan tindak pidana korupsi di Indonesia dan rekonstruksi pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara sebagai alternatif pengganti pidana penjara. Penelitian ini masuk dalam penelitian non-doktrinal, dengan menggunakan metode penelitian normatif-empiris, Hasil penelitian menjabarkan, pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara yang dilaksanakan oleh Kejaksaan melalui aset tracing dan pelaksanaan putusan Hakim, tidak menunjukan adanya suatu sistem penegakan hukum yang optimal terhadap upaya penyelamatan kekayaan negara. Hanya rata-rata sebesar 12,3%. Perlu adanya rekonstruksi pengembalian kerugian keuangan negara dengan melakukan rekonstruksi Pasal 4 Jo Pasal 18 Ayat (1) huruf b UU No. 20 tahun 2001 tentang Perubahan Kedua Undang-Undang Nomor 31 Tahun 1991 dan rekonstruksi Pasal 5 ayat (1) huruf b Peraturan Jaksa Agung RI No. 15 Tahun 2020, yakni pengembalian keuangan negara dapat diwujudkan dalam penyelesaian perkara melalui pendekatan restorative justice di Kejaksaan Tinggi sebagai alternatif pengganti pidana penjara.

 
Penghapusan Praktik Penjualan Bersyarat oleh Google Sebagai Bentuk Persaingan Usaha Sehat di Indonesia
Authors: Shafa Najwa Bana , Haryanto Imam
Published: September 2023

This writing is intended to find out the prohibition on the use of alternative payment methods made by Google for users of digital services in Indonesia. Against the background of the KPPU investigation against Google for alleged conditional sales practices, which was followed by a change in settings on Google Support Android Developer that allowed alternative payment methods. Therefore, an assessment to further analyze this paper is essential because there is no research on monopolistic practices in digital market share in Indonesia so this research can be a renewal of existing laws for Indonesia. This writing is included in normative with the approach methods used in this writing are statute, comparative, and case. The results of the analysis also found that Google has eliminated the practice of conditional sales through changes in settings by allowing the use of alternative payment methods and compliance with the fulfillment of the responsibility and role of KPPU as a business supervisory authority in Indonesia based on the Business Competition Law.

 

Penulisan ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui adanya larangan penggunaan metode pembayaran alternatif yang dilakukan oleh Google terhadap konsumen atau pengguna layanan digital di Indonesia. Dilatar belakangi adanya penyelidikan KPPU terhadap Google atas dugaan praktik penjualan bersyarat, yang kemudian disusul dengan dilakukannya perubahan pengaturan pada Google Support Android Developer atas diperbolehkannya penggunaan metode pembayaran alternatif selain Google Pay Billing. Maka, pengkajian untuk menganalisis lebih lanjut atas penulisan ini menjadi penting dikarenakan belum adanya penelitian terkait praktik monopoli di dalam ranah pangsa pasar digital di Indonesia sehingga penelitian ini dapat menjadi suatu pembaharuan hukum bagi Indonesia. Adapun penulisan ini termasuk ke dalam penulisan normatif dengan metode pendekatan yang digunakan adalah statute approach (pendekatan perundang-undang), comparative approach (pendekatan komparasi), dan case approach (pendekatan kasus). Hasil analisisnya pun didapati bahwa Google telah menghapus adanya praktik penjualan bersyarat melalui perubahan pengaturan dengan memperbolehkan penggunaan metode pembayaran alternatif serta kesesuaian atas pemenuhan tanggung jawab dan peran KPPU sebagai lembaga pengawas persaingan usaha di Indonesia sudah berdasar pada UU Persaingan Usaha.

 

 
The Legal Protection of Ngajat Lesung Dance as a Copyright for Traditional Cultural Expressions
Authors: Karlina Dina
Published: September 2023

Traditional art must be protected as it is included in Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), including Copyrights. The Copyright law aims to protect works of art created by artists. In addition, it can facilitate individual creativity or expression for the broad benefit of humanity, ensuring that the rights to property owned by artists are recognized, respected and can be defended on actions that violate their rights. Ngajat Lesung dance is a traditional dance that belongs to the Village of Sejuang, Seluar District, Bengkayang Regency. The empirical legal approach is the method for conducting this research. This method involved by directly collecting predetermined data and information. The collected results were then collected and analyzed to determine how the implementation of Legal Protection for Ngajat Lesung dance as a Copyright of Traditional Cultural Expressions in Seluas District, Bengkayang Regency. Copyright Legal Protection for Ngajat Lesung dance has yet to be carried out optimally by the Regional Government of Bengkayang Regency through the Department of Youth, Sports, and Tourism. This is because the efforts made by the Regional Government have not been maximized to educate artists regarding the protection of Copyright law for traditional culture, causing the artist's ignorance of the importance of protection for the work that has been made. In addition, the artist thinks that registering the Copyright for Traditional Dances requires a large fee and is very expensive. Therefore, the Regional Government of Bengkayang Regency through the Youth, Sports, and Tourism Service, is expected to pay more attention and educate to help the artists inventory and register Ngajat Lesung Dance. This dance is part of various Traditional Cultural Expressions in the field of Intellectual Property. Registering the Copyright of Ngajat Lesung Dance and having it listed as a Traditional Cultural Art with the Directorate General of Intellectual Property is important.