bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Gensini Score and Erectile Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Deger Mutlu , Ozmen Caglar , Akdogan Nebil , Tepe Omer , Yucel Sevinc Puren , Izol Volkan
Published: June 2021

Introduction

In previous studies, the relationship between atherosclerosis and erectile dysfunction (ED) was examined, but the relationship and correlation between Gensini score which evaluates the extent and severity of chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), and ED severity were not investigated.

Aim

To evaluate the relationship between Gensini score and ED in patients with CCS.

Methods

We included 142 consecutive male patients with the diagnosed CCS and underwent an elective coronary angiography between January 2019 and March 2020.

Main Outcome Measure

Correlation analysis demonstrated that Gensini score significantly negatively correlated with the International Index Erectile Function - 5 (IIEF-5) score (r = -0.417, P < .001).

Results

Severe ED was present in 48 (33.8%) patients, moderate ED in 31 (21.8%) patients, and mild ED in 22 (15.5%) patients. 41(28.9%) patients did not have ED. Both the No ED and Mild ED groups were statistically significantly lower than the Severe ED group in terms of the Gensini score (P < .05). When the recommended optimal cut-off point and accuracy measurements were made for the Gensini score, the area under curve (AUC) value in predicting ED was 0.806 (95% CI: 0.732-0.880, P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that independent predictors for ED were Gensini score and age (P < .001, and P = .026, respectively). Every 1 unit increase in Gensini score resulted in a 6% increase in the occurrence of ED (OR = 1.06, CI:1.03-1.10, P < .001).

Conclusion

ED can be caused by endothelial dysfunction. Patients with severe CSS and high Gensini score should be evaluted for ED. ED may be a sign of severe CCS and a high Gensini score. It is also necessary to evaluate cardiological in patients with ED.
The Lives of George Frideric Handel
Authors: Hunter David
Published: June 2021

To evaluate the familiar, even over-familiar, story of Handel's life could be seen as a quixotic endeavour. How can there be anything new to say? This book seeks to distinguish fact from fiction, notonly to produce a new biography but also to explore the concepts of biography and dissemination by using Handel's life and lives as a case study. By examining the images of Handel to be found in biographies and music histories - the genius, the religious profound, the master of musical styles, the distiller into music of English sentiment, the glorifier of the Hanoverians, the hymner of the middleclass, the independent, the prodigious, the generous, the sexless, the successful, the wealthy, the bankrupt, the pious, the crude, the heroic, the devious, the battler of ill-fortune, the moral exemplar - and by adding new factual information, David Hunter shows how events are manipulated into stories and tropes. One such trope has been employed to portray numerous persons as Handel's enemies regardless of whether Handel considered them as such. Picking apart the writing of Handel's biographers and other reporters, Hunter exposes the narrative underpinnings - the lies, confusions, presumptions, and conclusions, whether direct and inferred or assumed - to show how Handel's 'lives' in biographies and histories have moulded our understanding of the musician, the man and the icon.DAVID HUNTER is Music Librarian at the University of Texas at Austin.
Constraining the Impact of Dust‐Driven Droplet Freezing on Climate Using Cloud‐Top‐Phase Observations
Authors: Villanueva Diego , Neubauer David , Gasparini Blaž , Ickes Luisa , Tegen Ina
Published: June 2021

Despite advances in our understanding of ice‐nucleating particles, the effect of cloud glaciation on the Earth's radiation balance has remained poorly constrained. Particularly, dust ice nuclei are believed to enhance cloud glaciation in the Northern Hemisphere. We used satellite observations of the hemispheric and seasonal contrast in cloud top phase to assess the dust‐driven droplet freezing in a climate model. The required freezing efficiency for dust ice nuclei suggests that climate models glaciate too few clouds through immersion droplet freezing. After tuning, the model leads to more realistic cloud‐top‐phase contrasts and a dust‐driven glaciation effect of 0.14 ± 0.13 W m−2 between 30°N and 60°N. Observations of cloud‐top‐phase contrasts provide a strong constraint for ice formation in mixed‐phase clouds and may provide a weak constraint for the associated impact on radiation and precipitation. Future studies should therefore consider both the mean‐state cloud‐phase partitioning and cloud‐phase contrasts to achieve a more accurate simulation of dust‐driven cloud glaciation.
Deep Learning Can Predict Laboratory Quakes From Active Source Seismic Data
Authors: Shokouhi Parisa , Girkar Vrushali , Rivière Jacques , Shreedharan Srisharan , Marone Chris , Giles C. Lee , Kifer Daniel
Published: June 2021

Small changes in seismic wave properties foretell frictional failure in laboratory experiments and in some cases on seismic faults. Such precursors include systematic changes in wave velocity and amplitude throughout the seismic cycle. However, the relationships between wave features and shear stress are complex. Here, we use data from lab friction experiments that include continuous measurement of elastic waves traversing the fault and build data‐driven models to learn these complex relations. We demonstrate that deep learning models accurately predict the timing and size of laboratory earthquakes based on wave features. Additionally, the transportability of models is explored by using data from different experiments. Our deep learning models transfer well to unseen datasets providing high‐fidelity models with much less training. These prediction methods can be potentially applied in the field for earthquake early warning in conjunction with long‐term time‐lapse seismic monitoring of crustal faults, CO2 storage sites and unconventional energy reservoirs.
Evidence and Inferred Mechanism of Collisions of Downward Stepped‐Leader Branches in Negative Lightning
Authors: Ding Z. , Rakov V. A. , Zhu Y. , Tran M. D. , Kostinskiy A. Y. , Kereszy I.
Published: June 2021

Using visible‐range and infrared (3–5 µm) high‐speed video cameras, we observed collisions of adjacent branches in downward negative stepped leaders. Typically, a lagging (chasing) branch (CB) approached a leading branch (LB) from aside at about 90° angle and connected to the lateral surface of the LB within some tens of meters or less of its tip. We infer that collisions can be facilitated by the attracting force of upward moving positive‐charge wave associated with stepping at the leading branch tip. Outcomes of branch collisions differ. The chasing branch may be absorbed by the LB, rebound, or temporarily bridge two branches. It appears that a heavily branched negative stepped leader creates a highly structured and rapidly changing electric field pattern inside the volume it occupies. We observed abrupt changes in the direction of branch extension, suggesting that the direction of local electric field can differ significantly from the ambient.
The STING1 network regulates autophagy and cell death
Authors: Zhang Ruoxi , Kang Rui , Tang Daolin
Published: June 2021

Cell death and immune response are at the core of life. In past decades, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein STING1 (also known as STING or TMEM173) was found to play a fundamental role in the production of type I interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to DNA derived from invading microbial pathogens or damaged hosts by activating multiple transcription factors. In addition to this well-known function in infection, inflammation, and immunity, emerging evidence suggests that the STING1-dependent signaling network is implicated in health and disease by regulating autophagic degradation or various cell death modalities (e.g., apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, mitotic cell death, and immunogenic cell death [ICD]). Here, we outline the latest advances in our understanding of the regulating mechanisms and signaling pathways of STING1 in autophagy and cell death, which may shed light on new targets for therapeutic interventions.
Recovery of human gut microbiota genomes with third-generation sequencing
Authors: Li Yanfei , Jin Yueling , Zhang Jianming , Pan Haoying , Wu Lan , Liu Dingsheng , Liu Jinlong , Hu Jing , Shen Junwei
Published: June 2021

Human gut microbiota modulates normal physiological functions, such as maintenance of barrier homeostasis and modulation of metabolism, as well as various chronic diseases including type 2 diabetes and gastrointestinal cancer. Despite decades of research, the composition of the gut microbiota remains poorly understood. Here, we established an effective extraction method to obtain high quality gut microbiota genomes, and analyzed them with third-generation sequencing technology. We acquired a large quantity of data from each sample and assembled large numbers of reliable contigs. With this approach, we constructed tens of completed bacterial genomes in which there were several new bacteria species. We also identified a new conditional pathogen, Enterococcus tongjius, which is a member of Enterococci. This work provided a novel and reliable approach to recover gut microbiota genomes, facilitating the discovery of new bacteria species and furthering our understanding of the microbiome that underlies human health and diseases.
Highly selective and robust single-atom catalyst Ru1/NC for reductive amination of aldehydes/ketones
Authors: Qi Haifeng , Yang Ji , Liu Fei , Zhang LeiLei , Yang Jingyi , Liu Xiaoyan , Li Lin , Su Yang , Liu Yuefeng , Hao Rui , Wang Aiqin , Zhang Tao
Published: June 2021

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have emerged as a frontier in heterogeneous catalysis due to the well-defined active site structure and the maximized metal atom utilization. Nevertheless, the robustness of SACs remains a critical concern for practical applications. Herein, we report a highly active, selective and robust Ru SAC which was synthesized by pyrolysis of ruthenium acetylacetonate and N/C precursors at 900 °C in N2 followed by treatment at 800 °C in NH3. The resultant Ru1-N3 structure exhibits moderate capability for hydrogen activation even in excess NH3, which enables the effective modulation between transimination and hydrogenation activity in the reductive amination of aldehydes/ketones towards primary amines. As a consequence, it shows superior amine productivity, unrivalled resistance against CO and sulfur, and unexpectedly high stability under harsh hydrotreating conditions compared to most SACs and nanocatalysts. This SAC strategy will open an avenue towards the rational design of highly selective and robust catalysts for other demanding transformations.
Outcome after acute ischemic stroke is linked to sex-specific lesion patterns
Authors: Bonkhoff Anna K. , Schirmer Markus D. , Bretzner Martin , Hong Sungmin , Regenhardt Robert W. , Brudfors Mikael , Donahue Kathleen L. , Nardin Marco J. , Dalca Adrian V. , Giese Anne-Katrin , Etherton Mark R. , Hancock Brandon L. , Mocking Steven J. T. , McIntosh Elissa C. , Attia John , Benavente Oscar R. , Bevan Stephen , Cole John W. , Donatti Amanda , Griessenauer Christoph J. , Heitsch Laura , Holmegaard Lukas , Jood Katarina , Jimenez-Conde Jordi , Kittner Steven J. , Lemmens Robin , Levi Christopher R. , McDonough Caitrin W. , Meschia James F. , Phuah Chia-Ling , Rolfs Arndt , Ropele Stefan , Rosand Jonathan , Roquer Jaume , Rundek Tatjana , Sacco Ralph L. , Schmidt Reinhold , Sharma Pankaj , Slowik Agnieszka , Söderholm Martin , Sousa Alessandro , Stanne Tara M. , Strbian Daniel , Tatlisumak Turgut , Thijs Vincent , Vagal Achala , Wasselius Johan , Woo Daniel , Zand Ramin , McArdle Patrick F. , Worrall Bradford B. , Jern Christina , Lindgren Arne G. , Maguire Jane , Bzdok Danilo , Wu Ona ,   MRI-GENIE and GISCOME Investigators and the International Stroke Genetics Consortium, Rost Natalia S.
Published: June 2021

Acute ischemic stroke affects men and women differently. In particular, women are often reported to experience higher acute stroke severity than men. We derived a low-dimensional representation of anatomical stroke lesions and designed a Bayesian hierarchical modeling framework tailored to estimate possible sex differences in lesion patterns linked to acute stroke severity (National Institute of Health Stroke Scale). This framework was developed in 555 patients (38% female). Findings were validated in an independent cohort (n = 503, 41% female). Here, we show brain lesions in regions subserving motor and language functions help explain stroke severity in both men and women, however more widespread lesion patterns are relevant in female patients. Higher stroke severity in women, but not men, is associated with left hemisphere lesions in the vicinity of the posterior circulation. Our results suggest there are sex-specific functional cerebral asymmetries that may be important for future investigations of sex-stratified approaches to management of acute ischemic stroke.
NEK9 regulates primary cilia formation by acting as a selective autophagy adaptor for MYH9/myosin IIA
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuhiro , Chino Haruka , Tsukamoto Satoshi , Ode Koji L. , Ueda Hiroki R. , Mizushima Noboru
Published: June 2021

Autophagy regulates primary cilia formation, but the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we identify NIMA-related kinase 9 (NEK9) as a GABARAPs-interacting protein and find that NEK9 and its LC3-interacting region (LIR) are required for primary cilia formation. Mutation in the LIR of NEK9 in mice also impairs in vivo cilia formation in the kidneys. Mechanistically, NEK9 interacts with MYH9 (also known as myosin IIA), which has been implicated in inhibiting ciliogenesis through stabilization of the actin network. MYH9 accumulates in NEK9 LIR mutant cells and mice, and depletion of MYH9 restores ciliogenesis in NEK9 LIR mutant cells. These results suggest that NEK9 regulates ciliogenesis by acting as an autophagy adaptor for MYH9. Given that the LIR in NEK9 is conserved only in land vertebrates, the acquisition of the autophagic regulation of the NEK9–MYH9 axis in ciliogenesis may have possible adaptive implications for terrestrial life.
Construction of a mammalian embryo model from stem cells organized by a morphogen signalling centre
Authors: Xu Peng-Fei , Borges Ricardo Moraes , Fillatre Jonathan , de Oliveira-Melo Maraysa , Cheng Tao , Thisse Bernard , Thisse Christine
Published: June 2021

Generating properly differentiated embryonic structures in vitro from pluripotent stem cells remains a challenge. Here we show that instruction of aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells with an experimentally engineered morphogen signalling centre, that functions as an organizer, results in the development of embryo-like entities (embryoids). In situ hybridization, immunolabelling, cell tracking and transcriptomic analyses show that these embryoids form the three germ layers through a gastrulation process and that they exhibit a wide range of developmental structures, highly similar to neurula-stage mouse embryos. Embryoids are organized around an axial chordamesoderm, with a dorsal neural plate that displays histological properties similar to the murine embryo neuroepithelium and that folds into a neural tube patterned antero-posteriorly from the posterior midbrain to the tip of the tail. Lateral to the chordamesoderm, embryoids display somitic and intermediate mesoderm, with beating cardiac tissue anteriorly and formation of a vasculature network. Ventrally, embryoids differentiate a primitive gut tube, which is patterned both antero-posteriorly and dorso-ventrally. Altogether, embryoids provide an in vitro model of mammalian embryo that displays extensive development of germ layer derivatives and that promises to be a powerful tool for in vitro studies and disease modelling.
Counterfactual ghost imaging
Authors: Hance Jonte R. , Rarity John
Published: June 2021

We give a protocol for ghost imaging in a way that is always counterfactual—while imaging an object, no light interacts with that object. This extends the idea of counterfactuality beyond communication, showing how this interesting phenomenon can be leveraged for metrology. Given, in the infinite limit, no photons ever go to the imaged object, it presents a method of imaging even the most light-sensitive of objects without damaging them. Even when not in the infinite limit, it still provides a many-fold improvement in visibility and signal-to-noise ratio over previous protocols, with over an order of magnitude reduction in absorbed intensity.
Avoiding coherent errors with rotated concatenated stabilizer codes
Authors: Ouyang Yingkai
Published: June 2021

Coherent errors, which arise from collective couplings, are a dominant form of noise in many realistic quantum systems, and are more damaging than oft considered stochastic errors. Here, we propose integrating stabilizer codes with constant-excitation codes by code concatenation. Namely, by concatenating an [[n, k, d]] stabilizer outer code with dual-rail inner codes, we obtain a [[2n, k, d]] constant-excitation code immune from coherent phase errors and also equivalent to a Pauli-rotated stabilizer code. When the stabilizer outer code is fault-tolerant, the constant-excitation code has a positive fault-tolerant threshold against stochastic errors. Setting the outer code as a four-qubit amplitude damping code yields an eight-qubit constant-excitation code that corrects a single amplitude damping error, and we analyze this code’s potential as a quantum memory.
Curcumin reduces enteric isoprostane 8-iso-PGF2α and prostaglandin GF2α in specific pathogen-free Leghorn chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima
Authors: Petrone-Garcia Victor M. , Lopez-Arellano Raquel , Patiño Gabriela Rodríguez , Rodríguez Miriam Aide Castillo , Hernandez-Patlan Daniel , Solis-Cruz Bruno , Hernandez-Velasco Xochitl , Alba-Hurtado Fernando , Vuong Christine N. , Castellanos-Huerta Inkar , Tellez-Isaias Guillermo
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate and determine the concentration of prostaglandin GF2α (PGF2α) and isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α in plasma and intestine of specific pathogen-free (SPF) Leghorn chickens challenged with Eimeria maxima, with or without dietary supplementation of curcumin using solid‐phase microextraction and ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Eighty 1-day-old male SPF chickens were randomly allocated to one of four groups with four replicates (n = 5 chickens/replicate). Groups consisted of: (1) Control (no challenge), (2) Curcumin (no challenge), (3) Eimeria maxima (challenge), and (4) Eimeria maxima (challenge) + curcumin. At day 28 of age, all chickens in the challenge groups were orally gavaged with 40,000 sporulated E. maxima oocysts. No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the groups regardless of the treatment or challenge with E. maxima. Enteric levels of both isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α and PGF2α at 7 days and 9 days post-challenge were significantly increased (P < 0.01) compared to the non-challenge control chickens. Interestingly, the enteric levels of both isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α and PGF2α at 7 days post-challenge were significantly reduced in chickens fed curcumin, compared to control chickens challenge with E. maxima. At 9 days post-challenge, only levels of isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α in the enteric samples were significantly reduced in chickens challenged with E. maxima supplemented with curcumin, compared with E. maxima challenge chickens. No differences of isoprostane 8‐iso‐PGF2α or PGF2α were observed in plasma at both days of evaluation. Similarly, no significant differences were observed between the challenge control or chickens challenge with E. maxima and supplemented with curcumin at both times of evaluation. The results of this pilot study suggests that the antioxidant anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin reduced the oxidative damage and subsequent intestinal mucosal over-production of lipid oxidation products. Further studies to confirm and extend these results in broiler chickens are required.
Phase-space studies of backscattering diffraction of defective Schrödinger cat states
Authors: Kołaczek Damian , Spisak Bartłomiej J. , Wołoszyn Maciej
Published: June 2021

The coherent superposition of two well separated Gaussian wavepackets, with defects caused by their imperfect preparation, is considered within the phase-space approach based on the Wigner distribution function. This generic state is called the defective Schrödinger cat state due to this imperfection which significantly modifies the interference term. Propagation of this state in the phase space is described by the Moyal equation which is solved for the case of a dispersive medium with a Gaussian barrier in the above-barrier reflection regime. Formally, this regime constitutes conditions for backscattering diffraction phenomena. Dynamical quantumness and the degree of localization in the phase space of the considered state as a function of its imperfection are the subject of the performed analysis. The obtained results allow concluding that backscattering communication based on the defective Schrödinger cat states appears to be feasible with existing experimental capabilities.
Mood and emotional reactivity of adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: short-term and long-term effects and the impact of social and socioeconomic stressors
Authors: Green Kayla H. , van de Groep Suzanne , Sweijen Sophie W. , Becht Andrik I. , Buijzen Moniek , de Leeuw Rebecca N. H. , Remmerswaal Danielle , van der Zanden Rianne , Engels Rutger C. M. E. , Crone Eveline A.
Published: June 2021

Adolescence is a formative period for socio-emotional development which is threatened by the COVID-19 pandemic. The current longitudinal study examined two aims: (1) the short- and long-term effects of the pandemic on young people’s mood (i.e. vigor, tension, and depression levels) and emotional reactivity (i.e. fluctuations in daily mood), and (2) the impact of stressors on mood, emotional reactivity, self-oriented (i.e. maladaptive behavior towards COVID-19 rules) and other-benefitting behaviors (i.e. behavior aimed at helping and comforting others). We conducted an online two-week daily diary study among 462 Dutch adolescents (Mage = 15.27 years, 64% females) and 371 young adults (Mage = 21.49 years, 81% females) in May 2020, with a follow-up in November 2020 (N = 238 and 231, respectively adolescents and young adults). In May 2020, young adults and older relative to younger adolescents showed higher levels and more fluctuations in tension and depression and lower levels of vigor. Vigor levels decreased and tension and depression levels increased between May 2020 and November 2020, especially for younger adolescents. There were positive associations between instability of negative emotions (i.e. tension and depression fluctuations) and the exposure to stressors (i.e. family stress and inequality of online homeschooling) in the adolescent sample. Together, this study demonstrates vulnerability regarding young people’s mood and emotional reactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for adolescents who experience more stressors.
Excellent color rendering index single system white light emitting carbon dots for next generation lighting devices
Authors: Perikala Manasa , Bhardwaj Asha
Published: June 2021

Recently, quantum dots (QDs) are finding enormous application in white light emitting diodes (WLEDs) and WLEDs with high color rendition are in high demand. QD-WLEDs use different color (Red, Blue, Green) emitting QDs to obtain white light. Use of different color emitting QDs affect purity of white light due to self-absorption losses and QD degradation, in the long run affecting color rendering index (CRI) of WLEDs. Herein, we report low cost, environment friendly, open air atmosphere synthesis of single system white light emitting carbon dots (CDs) with broad emission bandwidth ranging 116 –143 nm and quantum yields (QY) ~ 5 – 13 % in colloidal state by modifying CD surface. Furthermore, carbon dot polymer phosphor (CD-PDMS phosphor) is fabricated which emits white light under UV illumination with a record emission bandwidth of ~ 154 nm and QY ~ 16 % in solid state. Moreover, CD-PDMS phosphor exhibit excellent color rendering index (CRI) ~ 96, the highest reported so far with CIE co-ordinates (0.31, 0.33) that are quite akin to pure white light. Such high performances are achieved due to high quality of CDs and CD-PDMS polymer phosphors by precise control in passivation/functionalization of nanoparticle surface. This work will set platform for the application of CD-phosphor based WLEDs in lighting systems.
Wax-oil lubricants to reduce the shear between skin and PPE
Authors: Yap Kian Kun , Murali Manoj , Tan Zhengchu , Zhou Xue , Li Luli , Masen Marc Arthur
Published: June 2021

Prolonged use of tight-fitting PPE, e.g., by COVID-19 healthcare workers leads to skin injuries. An important contributor is the shear exerted on the skin due to static friction at the skin-PPE interface. This study aims to develop an optimised wax-oil lubricant that reduces the friction, or shear, in the skin-PPE contact for up to four hours. Lubricants with different wax-oil combinations were prepared using beeswax, paraffin wax, olive oil, and mineral oil. In-vivo friction measurements involving seven participants were conducted by sliding a polydimethylsiloxane ball against the volar forearms to simulate the skin-PPE interface. The maximum static coefficient of friction was measured immediately and four hours after lubricant application. It was found that the coefficient of friction of wax-oil lubricants is mainly governed by the ratio of wax to oil and the thermal stability and morphology of the wax. To maintain long-term lubricity, it is crucial to consider the absorption of oil into the PPE material. The best performing lubricant is a mixture of 20 wt% beeswax, 40 wt% olive oil, and 40 wt% mineral oil, which compared to unlubricated skin, provides 87% (P = 0.0006) and 59% (P = 0.0015) reduction in instantaneous and 4-h coefficient of friction, respectively.
Clinical features and prognostic factors in spinal meningioma surgery from a multicenter study
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuyoshi , Ando Kei , Matsumoto Tomohiro , Sato Koji , Kato Fumihiko , Kanemura Tokumi , Yoshihara Hisatake , Sakai Yoshihito , Hirasawa Atsuhiko , Nakashima Hiroaki , Imagama Shiro
Published: June 2021

Meningiomas are benign tumors that are treated surgically. Local recurrence is likely if the dura is preserved, and en bloc tumor and dura resection (Simpson grade I) is recommended. In some cases the dura is cauterized and preserved after tumor resection (Simpson grade II). The purpose of this study was performed to analyze clinical features and prognostic factors associated with spinal meningioma, and to identify the most effective surgical treatment. The subjects were 116 patients (22 males, 94 females) with spinal meningioma who underwent surgery at seven NSG centers between 1998 and 2018. Clinical data were collected from the NSG database. Pre- and postoperative neurological status was defined using the modified McCormick scale. The patients had a mean age of 61.2 ± 14.8 years (range 19–91 years) and mean symptom duration of 11.3 ± 14.7 months (range 1–93 months). Complete resection was achieved in 108 cases (94%), including 29 Simpson grade I and 79 Simpson grade II resections. The mean follow-up period was 84.8 ± 52.7 months. At the last follow-up, neurological function had improved in 73 patients (63%), was stable in 34 (29%), and had worsened in 9 (8%). Eight patients had recurrence, and recurrence rates did not differ significantly between Simpson grades I and II in initial surgery. Kaplan–Meier analysis of recurrence-free survival showed that Simpson grade III or IV, male, and dural tail sign were significant factors associated with recurrence (P < 0.05). In conclusion, Simpson I resection is anatomically favorable for spinal meningiomas. Younger male patients with a dural tail and a high-grade tumor require close follow-up. The tumor location and feasibility of surgery can affect the surgical morbidity in Simpson I or II resection. All patients should be carefully monitored for long-term outcomes, and we recommend lifelong surveillance after surgery.
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuate experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis via regulating pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Ahmadvand Koohsari Samira , Absalan Abdorrahim , Azadi Davood
Published: June 2021

The therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells-extracellular vesicles have been proved in many inflammatory animal models. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human umbilical cord-MSC (hUCSC-EV) on the clinical score and inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines on the EAE mouse model. After induction of EAE in C57Bl/6 mice, they were treated intravenously with hUCSC-EV or vehicle. The clinical score and body weight of all mice was registered every day. On day 30, mice were sacrificed and splenocytes were isolated for cytokine assay by ELISA. Cytokine expression of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokine by real-time PCR, leukocyte infiltration by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and the percent of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) positive cells by immunohistochemistry were assessed in the spinal cord. Our results showed that hUCSC-EV-treated mice have lower maximum mean clinical score (MMCS), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and inflammatory score in comparison to the control mice. We also showed that hUCSC-EV administration significantly improved body weight and increased the anti-inflammatory cytokines and the frequency of Treg cells in the spleen. There was no significant difference in the percent of GFAP and MBP positive cells in the spinal cord of experimental groups. Finally, we suggest that intravenous administration of hUCSC-EV alleviate induce-EAE by reducing the pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17a, TNF-α, and IFN-γ, and increasing the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-4 and IL-10, and also decrease the leukocyte infiltration in a model of MS. It seems that EVs from hUC-MSCs have the same therapeutic effects similar to EVs from other sources of MSCs, such as adipose or bone marrow MSCs.
Characterisation of a synthetic Archeal membrane reveals a possible new adaptation route to extreme conditions
Authors: Salvador-Castell Marta , Golub Maksym , Erwin Nelli , Demé Bruno , Brooks Nicholas J. , Winter Roland , Peters Judith , Oger Philippe M.
Published: June 2021

It has been proposed that adaptation to high temperature involved the synthesis of monolayer-forming ether phospholipids. Recently, a novel membrane architecture was proposed to explain the membrane stability in polyextremophiles unable to synthesize such lipids, in which apolar polyisoprenoids populate the bilayer midplane and modify its physico-chemistry, extending its stability domain. Here, we have studied the effect of the apolar polyisoprenoid squalane on a model membrane analogue using neutron diffraction, SAXS and fluorescence spectroscopy. We show that squalane resides inside the bilayer midplane, extends its stability domain, reduces its permeability to protons but increases that of water, and induces a negative curvature in the membrane, allowing the transition to novel non-lamellar phases. This membrane architecture can be transposed to early membranes and could help explain their emergence and temperature tolerance if life originated near hydrothermal vents. Transposed to the archaeal bilayer, this membrane architecture could explain the tolerance to high temperature in hyperthermophiles which grow at temperatures over 100 °C while having a membrane bilayer. The induction of a negative curvature to the membrane could also facilitate crucial cell functions that require high bending membranes.
Development of nano affinity columns for the study of ligand (including SARS-CoV-2 related proteins) binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans
Authors: André Claire , Guillaume Yves Claude
Published: June 2021

A Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycan (HSPG) nano HPLC capillary column was developed for ligand/HSPG recognition and showed excellent repeatability, a strong resistance to changes in temperature and pH and a negligible number of non-specific sites.
A non-enzymatic disposable electrochemical sensor based on surface-modified screen-printed electrode CuO-IL/rGO nanocomposite for a single-step determination of glucose in human urine and electrolyte drinks
Authors: Janmee Nopparat , Preechakasedkit Pattarachaya , Rodthongkum Nadnudda , Chailapakul Orawon , Potiyaraj Pranut , Ruecha Nipapan
Published: June 2021

A novel designed device of CuO-IL/rGO-modified SPCE combined with NaOH-coated wax-printed paper was developed as a non-enzymatic glucose sensor with single-step sample loading in human urine and electrolyte drinks via portable potentiostat.
Wnt signaling activation: targets and therapeutic opportunities for stem cell therapy and regenerative medicine
Authors: Bonnet Clémence , Brahmbhatt Anvi , Deng Sophie X. , Zheng Jie J.
Published: June 2021

Overview of the Wnt signaling pathway and targets of Wnt activators.
A polar oxyhalogen-vanadate compound (C5NH13Cl)2VOCl4 with optical and two-staged dielectric switch behavior
Authors: Kong Qing-Rong , Wang Bin , Liu Xiao-Lin , Zhao Hai-Xia , Long La-Sheng , Zheng Lan-Sun
Published: June 2021

The polar compound (C5NH13Cl)2VOCl4 was obtained based on polar anion [VOCl4]2-. It exhibited optical and two-staged dielectric switch behavior. This work provides an optional method for constructing optic-dielectric switching materials.
Co-encapsulation of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate and piceatannol/oxyresveratrol in β-lactoglobulin: effect of ligand–protein binding on the antioxidant activity, stability, solubility and cytotoxicity
Authors: Liu Tingting , Liu Min , Liu He , Ren Yongfang , Zhao Yanna , Yan Hui , Wang Qingpeng , Zhang Ning , Ding Zhuang , Wang Zhengping
Published: June 2021

Co-encapsulation of EGCG and PIC/OXY in β-lactoglobulin affected their synergistic antioxidant activity, stability, solubility and cytotoxicity.
Emulsions stabilised with pectin-based microgels: investigations into the effect of pH and ionic strength on emulsion stability
Authors: Saavedra Isusi G. I. , Weilandt M. , Majollari I. , Karbstein H. P. , van der Schaaf U. S.
Published: June 2021

Pectin-based microgel particles (MGPs) are encouraging sustainable emulsifying agents for food-applications.
Guar gum-derived galactomannan induces inflammatory responses and increased energy expenditure in the intestine
Authors: Wang Weiwei , Fu Rao , Dong Tao , Cao Qingyun , Ye Hui , Zhang Changming , Dong Zemin , Feng Dingyuan , Zuo Jianjun
Published: June 2021

GGGM treatment triggered intestinal inflammatory responses, which were at least partially responsible for the increased energy expenditure in the intestine and the retardation of animal growth.
An Mn-doped NiCoP flower-like structure as a highly efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic and alkaline solutions with long duration
Authors: Yu Xin , Xu Siran , Wang Zhe , Cheng Xiaohong , Du Yeshuang , Chen Guang , Sun Xuping , Wu Qi
Published: June 2021

A flower-like structure Mn-doped NiCoP is demonstrated to be an outstanding hydrogen evolution electrocatalyst with highly efficient and long-durable.
A mild reduction of Co-doped MnO2 to create abundant oxygen vacancies and active sites for enhanced oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Jia Jincan , Li Lei , Lian Xiao , Wu Mingzai , Zheng Fangcai , Song Li , Hu Guangzhi , Niu Helin
Published: June 2021

A mild reduction method for creating abundant oxygen vacancies and active sites and enhancing OER performance.
Regio- and diastereoselective Pd-catalyzed aminochlorocyclization of allylic carbamates: scope, derivatization, and mechanism
Authors: Papa Spadafora Bruna , Moreira Ribeiro Francisco Wanderson , Matsushima Jullyane Emi , Ariga Elaine Miho , Omari Isaac , Soares Priscila Machado Arruda , de Oliveira-Silva Diogo , Vinhato Elisângela , McIndoe J. Scott , Carita Correra Thiago , Rodrigues Alessandro
Published: June 2021

Pd-Catalyzed vicinal C–N/C–Cl bond-forming reaction from internal alkenes has been achieved by anti-aminopalladation and oxidative C–Pd(ii) cleavage with chlorine transfer from a Pd–Cu bimetallic complex mechanism.
A regioselective [4 + 2] annulation approach to 5-acylindolizine-7-carbonitriles: generation of poly-substituted pyridines
Authors: Kim Sunmi , Lee Jeong Hwa , Yoon Seok Hyun , Kim Ikyon
Published: June 2021

A highly efficient [4 + 2] annulation approach to poly-functionalized indolizine-7-carbonitriles enables us to install nitrile, (hetero)aryl/alkyl, and acyl groups regioselectively on the pyridine unit of indolizine.
Enantioselective organocatalytic vinylogous aldol-cyclization cascade reaction of 3-alkylidene oxindoles witho-quinones
Authors: Tsou Yun-Jie , Guan Ren-You , Han Jeng-Liang
Published: June 2021

A enantioselective organocatalytic vinylogous aldol-cyclization cascade reaction of 3-alkylidene oxindoles too-quinones afforded chiral spirocyclico-quinone analogues in good to excellent yields with high enantioselectivities.
Contributions of methionine to recognition of trimethyllysine in aromatic cage of PHD domains: implications of polarizability, hydrophobicity, and charge on binding
Authors: Albanese Katherine I. , Waters Marcey L.
Published: June 2021

A conserved methionine in a trimethyllysine (Kme3) reader protein interacts via dispersion forces rather than ion-dipole interactions or the hydrophobic effect. Differences in selectivity for Kme3 versus its neutral analog were also discovered.
Strain localization and yielding dynamics in disordered collagen networks
Authors: Bakshi Swarnadeep , M. Vaisakh V. , Sarkar Ritwick , Majumdar Sayantan
Published: June 2021

Strain induced evolution of velocity profile across the shear gap for a disordered collagen network undergoing yielding.
In situ self-doped biomass-derived porous carbon as an excellent oxygen reduction electrocatalyst for fuel cells and metal–air batteries
Authors: Hao Menggeng , Dun Rongmin , Su Yumiao , He Lei , Ning Fandi , Zhou Xiaochun , Li Wenmu
Published: June 2021

The concept of metal cofactor was utilized in fabricating superior ORR electrocatalysts for fuel cells and metal–air batteries.
Precise fluorination of polymeric donors towards efficient non-fullerene organic solar cells with balanced open circuit voltage, short circuit current and fill factor
Authors: Wang Xiaosha , Chen Honggang , Yuan Jun , Wei Qingya , Li Jing , Jiang Lihui , Huang Jun , Li Yongfang , Li Yungui , Zou Yingping
Published: June 2021

By increasing the fluorination sites of polymer donors, the JSC, VOC and FF are enhanced for solar cells, because of fine-tuned energy levels, reduced trap-assisted or bimolecular recombination, and improved charge carrier mobility.
Advances of the top-down synthesis approach for high-performance silicon anodes in Li-ion batteries
Authors: Yuda Ansor Prima , Koraag Pierre Yosia Edward , Iskandar Ferry , Wasisto Hutomo Suryo , Sumboja Afriyanti
Published: June 2021

A comprehensive review of low-cost top-down approaches to enhance the electrochemical performance of silicon anodes, including future research directions.
All-inorganic perovskite quantum dots as light-harvesting, interfacial, and light-converting layers toward solar cells
Authors: Xu Leimeng , Yuan Shichen , Ma Le , Zhang Baisong , Fang Tao , Li Xiansheng , Song Jizhong
Published: June 2021

All inorganic perovskite quantum dots as light-harvesting, interfacial, and light-converting layers toward efficient and stable solar cells are summarized.
A novel sodium-ion supercabattery based on vacancy defective Ni–Co–Mn ternary perovskite fluoride electrode materials
Authors: Yan Tong , Ding Rui , Huang Yongfa , Ying Danfeng , Tan Caini , Huang Yuxi , Yang Feng , Sun Xiujuan , Gao Ping , Liu Enhui
Published: June 2021

Proposal of a new concept of sodium-ion supercabatteries based on a novel vacancy defective Ni–Co–Mn ternary perovskite fluoride K0.71Ni0.12Co0.41Mn0.47F2.77/rGO anode and an activated carbon/Na3V2(PO4)2O2F hybrid cathode.
Determination of the chemical and hydrothermal stability of the Claus catalyst
Authors: Yusupov Farkhod , Mamanazarov Murodali , Xursandov Bobomurod , Baimatova Gulnoza
Published: June 2021

The hydrothermal and thermal stability used in the Claus process are important indicators in their workflow. In this work, the stability of two catalyst samples obtained from local raw materials was studied. The samples were processed with SO2 / O2 oxides and water vapor, and their properties were studied. As a result, SO2 adsorption reduced catalyst activation. The process is reductive; the recovery of catalyst activation by reducing SO2 in the system has been determined. The stability of sulfation of MgO / TiO2 catalyst in comparison with CaO / V2O5 samples was also determined.
Influence of the Vertical Earthquake Component on the Shear Vibration of Buildings on Sliding Foundations
Authors: Mirzaev Ibrakhim , Yuvmitov Anvar , Turdiev Malikjon , Shomurodov Jakhongir
Published: June 2021

The paper studied the vibrations of the buildings on the sliding foundation with dry friction under the action of real earthquakes at the intensity of 8 and 9 on the MSK-64 scale. It was developed a unique algorithm for calculating the displacements, velocities, accelerations, and shear forces resulting from the simultaneous action of the horizontal and vertical components of the seismogram record. It was studied four-story and nine-story buildings under the set of the three earthquake records. It was shown that the use of a sliding foundation does not always lead to a significant reduction in the shear force on the building floors and that the vertical component of the seismic effect has a significant influence on the shear vibration of the building.
Distribution of air flow around a high-speed train
Authors: Djabbarov Saidburkhan
Published: June 2021

The article presents the results of theoretical studies to establish the nature of the distribution and determine the speed of the air flow formed along a moving high-speed passenger train. In studies, to preserve the geometric similarity, a high-speed train is considered in the form of a bar (or plate) of rectangular cross-section moving in three-dimensional space. To simplify the problem, the movement of a high-speed train at a speed of 160-250 km / h in flat terrain, when the height of the embankment is constant, is considered. Assuming that when a high-speed train moves, a turbulent wake is formed, the problem is solved for a turbulent flow using the method of the equivalent heat conduction problem. An equation for the distribution of the layer and along a moving high-speed passenger train is obtained. The results obtained at this stage made it possible to establish the size of the boundary layer and the nature of the change in the distribution of the air flow velocity in its aisles; investigate the impact of secondary air currents generated by high-speed passenger trains on the environment along the high-speed railway.
Visualization of macroseismic parameters during examination of epicentral zones of strong earthquakes
Authors: Khamidov Lutfulla , Makhkamov Soqi , Turapov Maxmud , Kholmirzaev Safarali , Suyunov Shavkat , Kudratov Bekzod
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the fragile destruction of building materials during strong earthquakes, the features of the macroseismic effect of cracking expressed in the protective coatings of buildings; it is recommended to optimize the composition based on polymer by composition that increases the crack resistance of plaster solutions. In particular, the visualization of macroseismic parameters is given on the example of the survey of the epicentral zones of the Tashkent (2008), Cannes (2011) and Marzhanbulak (2013) strong earthquakes that occurred in Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan. Possible directions of crack development and density of their distribution over the macroseismic area are analyzed. It was revealed that the vulnerability to micro-destruction of types of protective materials is proportional to the seismic intensity and is mainly due to the intensity of seismic vibrations.
Designing the composition of road concrete with chemical additives
Authors: Amirov Tursoat , Aripov Xojiakmal , Qurbonov Bobomurod , Tuxtayev Matchon , Rakhmatov Sukhrob
Published: June 2021

The article selected local building materials that are suitable for use for road concrete structures. Based on these materials, the composition of road concrete was selected, and its physical and mechanical properties were determined. Based on the results obtained, recommendations for improving road concrete's physical and mechanical properties were developed.
Methods for determining water flow from rice field to open drainage system
Authors: Abduraimova Dilbar , Оtakhonov Makhsud , Babajanov Farrukh
Published: June 2021

Accurate and correct hydraulic calculations are important in the projection of open drainage systems. Because of the hydraulic calculations, it is possible to determine the parameters while constructing it. For calculating the hydraulic, it is necessary to determine the amount of filtration water from the cultivated fields. Crops and irrigation norms differ in the irrigated areas. Of these, rice is the most demanded of water. This article describes how to use GIS to determine the drainage water flow discharge into the open drainage system in the area under cultivation. The research object was the Central Mirzachul open drainage system which was constructed on irrigated land in the south of the Syrdarya region, located in the Mirzachul area. Sentinel 2 satellite imagery was used to identify rice fields in the study area. Downloaded satellite images were analysed using the ArcMap application of ArcGIS, and several steps were taken to create and map a study area. Based on the results of the analysis, the surface and size of the rice fields are determined. Hydraulic calculations were provided based on the determined data. As a result of hydraulic calculations, it was determined that the collector drainage system with the length of 1200 m drops 4.1 m3/s water from the rice fields.
Features of the application of one-dimensional equations of hydrodynamics for free-flow flows
Authors: Maalem Nuriddin , Begmatov Ilkhom
Published: June 2021

The possibility of applying one-dimensional hydrodynamic equations of a nonstationary flow averaged over the cross-section of the channel during mathematical modeling of long waves-abruptly changing the movement of the water flow in channels is substantiated in the article. The characteristic dimensions of the length are much larger than the depth of the flow-the theory of shallow water. With this averaging, it is necessary to apply some hypotheses, the most important of which is the hypothesis of the distribution of pressure over the depth of the flow
The discounting water influence estimation on the results of the annual concentration calculation and runoff volume of the Pskem river biogenous substances
Authors: Fatxulloyev Alisher , Hamroqulov Jasurbek , Gafarova Aziza
Published: June 2021

This article presents scientific research methods for assessing the average annual concentration of pollutants along the Pskem river. The analysis of existing calculation methods and assessed their errors are given. Extreme errors and errors in determining the average long-term concentration due to the lack of water content are analyzed. Recommendations to reduce possible errors due to neglect of water content in the absence of measured water flow rates are given.