bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Prague to New Haven
Authors: Tribunskii Pavel A. ,   Alexander Solzhenitsyn Center for Russia Abroad
Published: July 2024

The article explores one of the turning points in the biography of the historian Georgy Vladimirovich Vernadsky (1887–1973) — his appointment at Yale University. After fleeing Russia, G. V. Vernadsky and his wife settled in Czechoslovakia. From time to time Vernadsky received offers to move from Europe to the United States, but they did not lead to any results. His change of educational institution, country, and continent in 1927 is a vivid example of the academic mobility of a Russian scholar abroad. In the scholarship, the reasons and circumstances of his moving to the USA are, as a rule, examined on the basis of subjective and not always reliable sources — on memoirs and letters. This article for the first time refers to university records to reconstruct the facts of the appointment. Vernadsky’s case is considered within the corporate history of Yale University and within the context of the development of Russian studies. Yale was among the few American Universities where “Russian” subjects were introduced in the late 1890s. The combination of a number of factors — an increasing interest in the Russian studies in the West in the 1920s, financial resources and ambitions of officials at Yale University and the influence of the member of the department of History M. I. Rostovtzef, whose protégé G. V. Vernadsky was, made his appointment feasible. University officials assumed that Vernadsky, in addition to teaching, would compile a systematic list of Russian books for acquisition by the library, and prepare a textbook on Russian history. However, an interest in Russia at Yale in the 1920s turned out to be short-lived. Vernadsky had held the same temporary position, which he was offered when he came to Yale in 1927, for almost 19 years. He remained the only lecturer of “Russian” courses until the 1940s.
Representation, Experiences of Survival, and the Politics of Suffering [Rev.on: “Ia znaiu, chto tak pisat’ nel’zya”. Fenomen blokadnogo dnevnika, sost. A. Yu. Pavlovskaya, nauch. red. N. A. Lomagin. St. Petersburg: European University at St. Petersburg Publ., 2022. 462 p.]
Authors: Hass J. K. ,   University of Richmond,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: July 2024

The book under review, Ia znayu, chto tak pisat’ nel’zia, brings together some diaries from Prozhito archive, along with analyses and useful descriptions of each diary. The diaries are the core of this volume, by Aleksandr Bardovskii, Anisim Nikulin, Sofia Gutshabash, Nina Obukhova-Dukhovskaya, Berta Zlotnikova, Alexander Grishkevich, and Vladimir Tomilin. These diaries offer valuable insights similar to those gathered through ethnographic research. They can aid in historically informed social sciences and contribute to interpretations, representations, and empathy. However, it is important to note that first-hand accounts have limitations and should not substitute for rigorous methodologies and theoretical frameworks. Author also points the necessity of embedding the Blockade within broader contexts of war and survival. The Blockade in Leningrad is just one case among many others worldwide. By comparing these stories to experiences from different regions and wars, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the Blockade’s significance. Exploring the Soviet experience of World War II in various cities, as well as experiences of war in different countries, can provide additional perspectives. Furthermore, examining instances of duress, such as the Irish famine or the siege of Sarajevo, can shed light on aspects of Blockade stories that might have been overlooked. This volume opens the door a bit on Prozhito, on the Blockade, and on issues of representation, experiences of survival, and the politics of suffering.
Facile fabricated silver Pterocarpus santilinoides biochar-based inorganic–organic hybrid nanocomposite for the photocatalytic decimation of methylene blue and micro-organisms
Authors: Nworie Felix Sunday , Frank Nwabue , Asogwa Emelda , Clinton Oroke
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) using an Ag-Pterocarpus santilinoides extract biochar nanocomposites (AgPSBN) followed by characterization and antimicrobial screening of the biogenic photocatalyst. The silver biochar nanocomposite was synthesized by incorporating silver nanoparticles onto the surface of biochar through a facile, biogenic, safe, cost-effective and ecofriendly method. The photosynthesized AgPSBN was porous and spherical with a size of 27 nm range. The UV-spectroscopic analysis indicated spectra bands at 648 and 667 nm for biochar and nanocomposite, respectively. The low band gap energy of 2.0 and 1.8 eV for the biochar and nanocomposite, respectively, is an indication that they can be an effective photocatalyst for the degradation of MB and for other energy applications. The percentage removal efficiency of 96.33% indicates high photodegradation ability which remained fairly constant (75%) after five cycle reuse indicating stability of the nanocomposite. The rate constant was evaluated to be 0.008 min−1. The nanocomposite indicated high inhibition zone diameter for Salmonella, E. coli, Klebsiella, and Staphylococcus aureus with inhibition zone diameters of 15, 12, 10, and 8 mm, respectively. The results strongly suggest the nanocomposite to be an effective environmental decontaminant of dyes as well as microbes.
How much does reclaimed wastewater cost? A comprehensive analysis for irrigation uses in the European Mediterranean context
Authors: Expósito Alfonso , Lorenzo Lopez Antonia Maria , Berbel Julio
Published: July 2024

The new European Union regulation on the minimum requirements for the use of reclaimed water for irrigation entered into force in June 2023, thereby imposing concerns regarding the costs of this non-conventional resource for potential users in the context of increasing water scarcity in the Mediterranean region. This research offers a comprehensive cost assessment of reclaimed water production based on the financial information gathered from wastewater treatment plants located on the Mediterranean coast of Andalusia (Southern Spain). The results offer valuable information for policy-makers, water operators, and potential users to assess the economic viability of utilising reclaimed water as an alternative source to scarce conventional resources.
Treatment of Patients with IgA Nephropathy: Evaluation of the Safety and Efficacy of Mycophenolate Mofetil
Authors: Chen Zaobin , Chen Wenmin , Zheng Lingqian , Xie Yina , Yao Kaijin , Zhou Tianbiao
Published: July 2024

Introduction and Aim:

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), characterized by aberrant IgA immune
complex deposition, is the most prevalent primary glomerular disease and the main cause of end-stage renal
disease, causing a significant physical and psychological burden on people worldwide. Conventional therapeutic
approaches, such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and corticosteroids, may not
achieve sufficient effectiveness and may produce major side events in the past. The previous data in Asian populations
indicated that mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) might significantly advance the development of a new
therapy strategy for IgAN. The effectiveness and safety of MMF in patients with IgAN will be investigated in
this study.

Methods:

A literature search was conducted on June 30th, 2023, by searching the following databases: PubMed
and the Cochrane Library according to predefined criteria. To investigate the renoprotective benefits and safety
of MMF, statistical analyses were performed using Cochrane’s Review Manager Version 5.3.

Results:

The meta-analysis included nine randomized controlled studies that fulfilled the inclusion criterion.
In the Asian population, the results revealed a substantial difference in remission rates between the MMF
group and the control group (OR: 2.53, 95% CI: 1.02, 6.30, P = 0.05). MMF can increase the rate of decrease
in proteinuria in IgAN patients when compared with controls in Asians (OR: 7.34, 95% CI: 2.69, 20.08, P =
0.0001), and MMF can reduce the urinary protein in patients with IgAN in Asians (WMD: -0.61, 95% CI:
-1.15, -0.08, P = 0.02). Interestingly, these studies on Asians were conducted in China. However, the differences
in remission rate, rate of decrease in proteinuria, and urinary protein reduction between the MMF group
and control group were not found in overall populations and in the Caucasian population. The differences in
complete remission rate, partial remission rate, serum creatinine (SCr) doubling rate, rate of 50% increase in
SCr, and rate of need for renal replacement treatment between the MMF group and control group were not
found in Asians, Caucasians, and overall populations. The difference in the rate of side effects between the
MMF group and the control group was not found.

Conclusion:

MMF protects renal function and is a safe medication for treating Chinese IgAN patients. MMF
might significantly advance the development of a new therapy strategy for IgAN in the Chinese population.
Melocular Evolution on Cold Temperature Adaptation of Chinese Rhesus Macaques
Authors: Wang Xuan , Feng Ming-Hong , Wang Shao-Bo , Shi Hong
Published: July 2024

Introduction:

Currently, macaques are used as animal models for human disease in
biomedical research. There are two macaques species widely used as animal models, i.e., cynomolgus
macaques and rhesus macaques. These two primates distribute widely, and their natural habitats
are different. Cynomolgus macaques distribute in tropical climates, while rhesus macaques
mostly distribute in relatively cold environments, and cynomolgus macaques have a common frostbite
problem during winter when they are transferred to cold environments.

Methods:

In order to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the temperature adaptation in
macaques, genetic analysis and natural selection tests were performed. Based on the analysis of
heat shock protein genes, DNAJC22, DNAJC28, and HSF5 showed positive selection signals. To
these 3 genes, the significantly differential expression had been confirmed between cynomolgus
macaques and Chinese rhesus macaques.

Results:

Molecular evolution analysis showed that mutations of DNAJC22, DNAJC28, and HSF5
in Chinese rhesus macaques could enable them to gain the ability to rapidly regulate body temperature.
The heat shock proteins provided an important function for Chinese rhesus macaques, allowing
them to adapt to a wide range of temperatures and spread widely. The selection time that was
estimated suggested that the cold adaptation of Chinese rhesus macaques coincided with the time
that the modern human populations migrated northward from tropic regions to relatively cold regions,
and the selection genes were similar.

Conclusion:

This study elucidated the evolutionary history of cynomolgus macaques and rhesus
macaques from molecular adaptation. Furthermore, it provided an evolutionary perspective to reveal
the different distribution and adaptation of macaques. Cynomolgus macaques is an ideal
biomedical animal model to mimic human natural frostbite.
Quercetin in Oncology: A Phytochemical with Immense Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Kamal Raj , Paul Priyanka , Thakur Shubham , Singh Sachin Kumar , Awasthi Ankit
Published: July 2024

:

Quercetin is a natural flavonoid with various pharmacological actions such as anti-inflammatory,
antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiviral, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, neuroprotective,
and antiviral activities. Looking at these enormous potentials, researchers have explored
how they can be used to manage numerous cancers. It's been studied for cancer management
due to its anti-angiogenesis, anti-metastatic, and antiproliferative mechanisms. Despite having
these proven pharmacological activities, the clinical use of quercetin is limited due to its first--
pass metabolism, poor solubility, and bioavailability. To address these shortcomings, researchers
have fabricated various nanocarriers-based formulations to fight cancer. The present review overshadows
the pharmacological potential, mechanisms, and application of nanoformulations against
different cancers.

Teaser:

Explore the potential of Quercetin, a natural flavonoid with diverse pharmacological activities,
and its nanoformulations in managing various cancers.
Safety of Mechanical Thrombectomy for Acute Ischemic Stroke in Patients with Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zheng Sujie , Liu Fang , Yu Liang , Jiang Xinzhao , Wen Xiaoyan , Wang Xu , Shi Zongjie
Published: July 2024

Background and Aim:

The impact of low platelet count on outcomes in patients with
Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS) undergoing Mechanical Thrombectomy (MT) is still unclear. In this
study we have further explored the effect of thrombocytopenia on the safety and efficacy of MT in
patients with anterior circulation Large Vessel Occlusion (LVO) stroke.

Materials and Methods:

Patients with AIS who underwent MT at our center between June 2015
and November 2021 were examined. Based on the platelet count recorded on admission patients
were divided into two groups: those with thrombocytopenia (<150 × 109/L) and those without
thrombocytopenia (≥ 150 × 109/L). Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage (sICH) was the primary safety outcome. The efficacy outcome was functional independence defined as a 90-day
modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to
determine the risk factors for post-procedure sICH and 90-day functional outcomes.

Results:

Among 302 patients included in the study, thrombocytopenia was detected in 111
(36.8%) cases. Univariate analysis showed age, the proportion of atrial fibrillation, the rates of
sICH, 90-day poor outcomes, and mortality to be higher in patients with thrombocytopenia (all p
<0.05). Multivariable analysis showed thrombocytopenia to be independently associated with a
higher rate of sICH (OR 2.022, 95% CI 1.074-3.807, p =0.029) however, thrombocytopenia did
not affect the 90-day functional outcomes (OR 1.045, 95%CI 0.490-2.230, p =0.909) and mortality (OR 1.389, 95% CI 0.467– 4.130 p = 0.554).

Conclusion:

Thrombocytopenia may increase the risk of sICH but not affect the 90-day functional
outcomes and mortality in patients with AIS treated with MT.
A Comprehensive Review of Promising Phytoconstituents as Anti-Cancer Agents: Biological Mechanisms and Applications Across Different Cancers
Authors: Elsayed Laila A. , Saif Abdullah M. , Elghol Shrouk E. , Zayed Maha N. , Amin Yomna M. , Omran Mohamed H. , Ragab Mahmoud A. , Althobiti Randa A. , Ali Gomaa A.M.
Published: July 2024

:

Cancer, claiming approximately 10 million lives annually, remains a leading cause of
global mortality. Conventional cancer treatments, notably chemotherapy and radiotherapy, often
entail adverse effects, such as cytotoxicity and the development of resistance, posing significant
challenges in cancer management. While natural products have historically served medicinal
purposes for various ailments, their recent prominence in combating cancer-related manifestations
has surged. Utilizing natural products either alone as antineoplastic agents or in conjunction
with conventional chemotherapies presents a promising approach to mitigate these adverse
effects. The appeal of natural products lies in their accessibility, versatility, reduced cytotoxic
potential, and capacity to counteract drug resistance. Various natural sources offer a diverse
range of bioactive compounds capable of influencing various cancer types, modulating signaling
pathways, and altering the cancer microenvironment. Notably, many bioactive compounds impact
crucial cellular processes like metastasis, angiogenesis, metabolism, proliferation, and viability
by targeting specific signaling pathways, particularly those involved in cellular apoptosis.

:

Consequently, the modulation of these factors by natural products significantly affects cancer
cell behavior. This comprehensive review explores the application of the promising phytoconstituents
as anti-cancer agents across prevalent cancer types, including liver, lung, bladder,
breast, leukemia, and colon cancer. In addition, it explores the anti-cancer properties of natural
compounds, focusing on their mechanisms and effectiveness against diverse cancers, aiming to
improve cancer management.
Natural Compounds as Protease Inhibitors in Therapeutic Focus on Cancer Therapy
Authors: Kakali Bhadra
Published: July 2024

:

Proteases are implicated in every hallmark of cancer and have complicated functions. For cancer cells
to survive and thrive, the process of controlling intracellular proteins to keep the balance of the cell proteome is
essential. Numerous natural compounds have been used as ligands/ small molecules to target various proteases
that are found in the lysosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm, and extracellular matrix, as possible anticancer therapeutics.
Promising protease modulators have been developed for new drug discovery technology through recent
breakthroughs in structural and chemical biology. The protein structure, function of significant tumor-related
proteases, and their natural compound inhibitors have been briefly included in this study. This review highlights
the most current frontiers and future perspectives for novel therapeutic approaches associated with the list of
anticancer natural compounds targeting protease and the mode and mechanism of proteinase-mediated molecular
pathways in cancer.
Integrating Health and Disability Data Into Academic Information Systems: Workflow Optimization Study
Authors: Jabour Abdulrahman
Published: July 2024

Background

Integrating health information into university information systems holds significant potential for enhancing student support and well-being. Despite the growing body of research highlighting issues faced by university students, including stress, depression, and disability, little has been done in the informatics field to incorporate health technologies at the institutional level.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the current state of health information integration within university systems and provide design recommendations to address existing gaps and opportunities.

Methods

We used a user-centered approach to conduct interviews and focus group sessions with stakeholders to gather comprehensive insights and requirements for the system. The methodology involved data collection, analysis, and the development of a suggested workflow.

Results

The findings of this study revealed the shortcomings in the current process of handling health and disability data within university information systems. In our results, we discuss some requirements identified for integrating health-related information into student information systems, such as privacy and confidentiality, timely communication, task automation, and disability resources. We propose a workflow that separates the process into 2 distinct components: a health and disability system and measures of quality of life and wellness. The proposed workflow highlights the vital role of academic advisors in facilitating support and enhancing coordination among stakeholders.

Conclusions

To streamline the workflow, it is vital to have effective coordination among stakeholders and redesign the university information system. However, implementing the new system will require significant capital and resources. We strongly emphasize the importance of increased standardization and regulation to support the information system requirements for health and disability. Through the adoption of standardized practices and regulations, we can ensure the smooth and effective implementation of the required support system.
User Requirements for an Electronic Patient Recruitment System: Semistructured Interview Analysis After First Implementation in 3 German University Hospitals
Authors: Stein Alexandra , Blasini Romina , Strantz Cosima , Fitzer Kai , Gulden Christian , Leddig Torsten , Hoffmann Wolfgang
Published: July 2024

Background

Clinical trials are essential for medical research and medical progress. Nevertheless, trials often fail to reach their recruitment goals. Patient recruitment systems aim to support clinical trials by providing an automated search for eligible patients in the databases of health care institutions like university hospitals. To integrate patient recruitment systems into existing workflows, previous works have assessed user requirements for these tools. In this study, we tested patient recruitment systems KAS+ and recruIT as part of the MIRACUM (Medical Informatics in Research and Care in University Medicine) project.

Objective

Our goal was to investigate whether and to what extent the 2 different evaluated tools can meet the requirements resulting from the first requirements analysis, which was performed in 2018-2019. A user survey was conducted to determine whether the tools are usable in practice and helpful for the trial staff. Furthermore, we investigated whether the test phase revealed further requirements for recruitment tools that were not considered in the first place.

Methods

We performed semistructured interviews with 10 participants in 3 German university hospitals who used the patient recruitment tools KAS+ or recruIT for at least 1 month with currently recruiting trials. Thereafter, the interviews were transcribed and analyzed by Meyring method. The identified statements of the interviewees were categorized into 5 groups of requirements and sorted by their frequency.

Results

The evaluated recruIT and KAS+ tools fulfilled 7 and 11 requirements of the 12 previously identified requirements, respectively. The interviewed participants mentioned the need for different notification schedules, integration into their workflow, different patient characteristics, and pseudonymized screening lists. This resulted in a list of new requirements for the implementation or enhancement of patient recruitment systems.

Conclusions

Trial staff report a huge need of support for the identification of eligible trial participants. Moreover, the workflows in patient recruitment differ across trials. For better suitability of the recruitment systems in the workflow of different kinds of trials, we recommend the implementation of an adjustable notification schedule for screening lists, a detailed workflow analysis, broad patient filtering options, and the display of all information needed to identify the persons on the list. Despite criticisms, all participants confirmed to use the patient recruitment systems again.
Feasibility of Measuring Smartphone Accelerometry Data During a Weekly Instrumented Timed Up-and-Go Test After Emergency Department Discharge: Prospective Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Suffoletto Brian , Kim David , Toth Caitlin , Mayer Waverly , Glaister Sean , Cinkowski Chris , Ashenburg Nick , Lin Michelle , Losak Michael
Published: July 2024

Background

Older adults discharged from the emergency department (ED) face elevated risk of falls and functional decline. Smartphones might enable remote monitoring of mobility after ED discharge, yet their application in this context remains underexplored.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the feasibility of having older adults provide weekly accelerometer data from an instrumented Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) test over an 11-week period after ED discharge.

Methods

This single-center, prospective, observational, cohort study recruited patients aged 60 years and older from an academic ED. Participants downloaded the GaitMate app to their iPhones that recorded accelerometer data during 11 weekly at-home TUG tests. We measured adherence to TUG test completion, quality of transmitted accelerometer data, and participants’ perceptions of the app’s usability and safety.

Results

Of the 617 approached patients, 149 (24.1%) consented to participate, and of these 149 participants, 9 (6%) dropped out. Overall, participants completed 55.6% (912/1639) of TUG tests. Data quality was optimal in 31.1% (508/1639) of TUG tests. At 3-month follow-up, 83.2% (99/119) of respondents found the app easy to use, and 95% (114/120) felt safe performing the tasks at home. Barriers to adherence included the need for assistance, technical issues with the app, and forgetfulness.

Conclusions

The study demonstrates moderate adherence yet high usability and safety for the use of smartphone TUG tests to monitor mobility among older adults after ED discharge. Incomplete TUG test data were common, reflecting challenges in the collection of high-quality longitudinal mobility data in older adults. Identified barriers highlight the need for improvements in user engagement and technology design.
Effectiveness of a Bullying Intervention (Be-Prox) in Norwegian Early Childhood and Education Care Centers: Protocol for a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kvestad Ingrid , Adolfsen Frode , Angeles Renira Corinne , Brandseth Oda Lekve , Breivik Kyrre , Evertsen Janne Grete , Foer Irene Kvåle , Haaland Morten , Homola Birgit Millerjord , Hoseth Gro Elisabeth , Jonsson Josefine , Kjerstad Egil , Kyrrestad Henriette , Martinussen Monica , Moberg Annelene , Moberg Karianne , Skogstrand Anita , Solberg Line Remme , Aasheim Merete
Published: July 2024

Background

A new and growing body of research has studied bullying among children in early childhood education and care centers (ECECs). The Bernese Program (Be-Prox) is designed to systematically prevent and handle bullying between children in Swiss ECECs. However, the effectiveness of the Be-Prox intervention has not yet been explored in a Norwegian ECEC setting.

Objective

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of Be-Prox in preventing and handling bullying among peers in Norwegian ECECs.

Methods

ECECs from 2 Norwegian municipalities were invited to participate in a cluster randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effectiveness of the Be-Prox intervention on peer bullying in Norwegian ECECs. After baseline measures were taken, project ECECs were randomized to either an intervention or a control arm. The Be-Prox intervention was introduced to ECECs in the intervention arm through 6 modules over a 9-month period immediately after the randomization. ECECs in the control arm participated in the data collection and were offered the Be-Prox intervention the following year. The primary outcome of the effect evaluation is the mean sum of negative behavior between peers after the Be-Prox training is completed in the intervention arm. Secondary outcomes include child bystander behavior, teacher self-efficacy, and ECEC’s authoritative climate. An extensive implementation and process evaluation, as well as cost-effectiveness analyses, will be conducted alongside the RCT.

Results

Baseline data collection was conducted in September 2023, and the postintervention data collection started in May 2024. At baseline, we collected data on 708 children and 413 personnel from 38 project ECECs in the 2 Norwegian municipalities. The results from the study will be available in late 2024 at the earliest.

Conclusions

The proposed project includes a comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of Be-Prox in Norwegian ECECs directly targeting the prevention and handling of bullying, including implementation and cost-effectiveness evaluations. The results from the project have the potential to fill in identified knowledge gaps in the understanding of negative behavior and bullying between peers in ECECs, and how these may be prevented. If proven efficient, our ambition is to offer Be-Prox to Norwegian ECECs as an evidence-based practice to prevent and handle bullying among preschool children.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT06040437; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT06040437

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/60626
Evolution of Digital Health and Exploration of Patented Technologies (2017-2021): Bibliometric Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Gu Wenjun , Wang Jinhua , Zhang Yunqi , Liang Shaolin , Ai Zisheng , Li Jiyu
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The significant impact of digital health emerged prominently during the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite this, there is a paucity of bibliometric analyses focusing on technologies within the field of digital health patents. Patents offer a wealth of insights into technologies, commercial prospects, and competitive landscapes, often undisclosed in other publications. Given the rapid evolution of the digital health industry, safeguarding algorithms, software, and advanced surgical devices through patent systems is imperative. The patent system simultaneously acts as a valuable repository of technological knowledge, accessible to researchers. This accessibility facilitates the enhancement of existing technologies and the advancement of medical equipment, ultimately contributing to public health improvement and meeting public demands.

OBJECTIVE

The primary objective of this study is to gain a more profound understanding of technology hotspots and development trends within the field of digital health.

METHODS

Using a bibliometric analysis methodology, we assessed the global technological output reflected in patents on digital health published between 2017 and 2021. Using Citespace5.1R8 and Excel 2016, we conducted bibliometric visualization and comparative analyses of key metrics, including national contributions, institutional affiliations, inventor profiles, and technology topics.

RESULTS

A total of 15,763 digital health patents were identified as published between 2017 and 2021. The China National Intellectual Property Administration secured the top position with 7253 published patents, whereas Koninklijke Philips emerged as the leading institution with 329 patents. Notably, Assaf Govari emerged as the most prolific inventor. Technology hot spots encompassed categories such as “Medical Equipment and Information Systems,” “Image Analysis,” and “Electrical Diagnosis,” classified by Derwent Manual Code. A patent related to the technique of receiving and transmitting data through microchips garnered the highest citation, attributed to the patentee Covidien LP.

CONCLUSIONS

The trajectory of digital health patents has been growing since 2017, primarily propelled by China, the United States, and Japan. Applications in health interventions and enhancements in surgical devices represent the predominant scenarios for digital health technology. Algorithms emerged as the pivotal technologies protected by patents, whereas techniques related to data transfer, storage, and exchange in the digital health domain are anticipated to be focal points in forthcoming basic research.
Exploring Older Adults’ Perspectives on Digital Home Care Interventions and Home Modifications: Focus Group Study (Preprint)
Authors: Choukou Mohamed-Amine , Banihani Jasem , Azizkhani Sarah
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Emerging gerontechnology seeks to enable older adults (OAs) to remain independently and safely in their homes by connecting to health and social support and services. There are increasing attempts to develop gerontechnology, but successful implementations are more likely limited because of the uncertainty of developers about the needs and priorities of OAs. As the global population ages, the challenges faced by older OAs in maintaining independence and well-being within their homes have become increasingly important. With the proportion of OAs expected to triple by 2068, addressing the needs of this demographic has become a pressing social and public health priority. OAs often encounter various challenges related to physical, cognitive, and social well-being, including reduced mobility, memory impairments, and social isolation, which can compromise their ability to age in place and maintain a high quality of life.

OBJECTIVE

The goals of this qualitative research study are to (1) determine the best strategies for promoting aging well in the community with the support of gerontechnology, (2) establish the top priorities for implementing gerontechnology with OAs and their families, and (3) create a road map for the creation and application of gerontechnology for aging well in Manitoba.

METHODS

A total of 14 OAs participated in a qualitative research study conducted through a coconstruction workshop format, including a presentation of novel research facilities and a demonstration of research and development products. This activity was followed by an interactive discussion focused on revisiting the ongoing research and innovation programs and planning for a new research and innovation agenda. The workshop contents, notes, and recorded conversation underwent a data-driven inductive analysis.

RESULTS

Emerging themes included home design, accessibility, and safety for OAs, particularly those with memory impairments. The participants also underlined the need for digital reminders and ambient technologies in current homes as a priority. Participants stressed the importance of including OAs in gerontechnology development programs and the need to consider dignity and independence as the guiding values for future research.

CONCLUSIONS

This study presents a tentative road map for the development of gerontechnology in Manitoba. The main principles of our road map are the inclusion of OAs as early as possible in gerontechnology development and the prioritization of independence and dignity. Applying these principles would contribute to combatting digital ageism and the marginalization of OAs in technology development because of the perceived lack of technological skills and the stereotypes associated with this presumption.
Comparison of the Response to an Electronic Versus a Traditional Informed Consent Procedure in Terms of Clinical Patient Characteristics: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Zondag Anna G M , Hollestelle Marieke J , van der Graaf Rieke , Nathoe Hendrik M , van Solinge Wouter W , Bots Michiel L , Vernooij Robin W M , Haitjema Saskia ,   UCC-CVRM study group
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Electronic informed consent (eIC) is increasingly used in clinical research due to several benefits including increased enrollment and improved efficiency. Within a learning health care system, a pilot was conducted with an eIC for linking data from electronic health records with national registries, general practitioners, and other hospitals.

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated the eIC pilot by comparing the response to the eIC with the former traditional paper-based informed consent (IC). We assessed whether the use of eIC resulted in a different study population by comparing the clinical patient characteristics between the response categories of the eIC and former face-to-face IC procedure.

METHODS

All patients with increased cardiovascular risk visiting the University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands, were eligible for the learning health care system. From November 2021 to August 2022, an eIC was piloted at the cardiology outpatient clinic. Prior to the pilot, a traditional face-to-face paper-based IC approach was used. Responses (ie, consent, no consent, or nonresponse) were assessed and compared between the eIC and face-to-face IC cohorts. Clinical characteristics of consenting and nonresponding patients were compared between and within the eIC and the face-to-face cohorts using multivariable regression analyses.

RESULTS

A total of 2254 patients were included in the face-to-face IC cohort and 885 patients in the eIC cohort. Full consent was more often obtained in the eIC than in the face-to-face cohort (415/885, 46.9% vs 876/2254, 38.9%, respectively). Apart from lower mean hemoglobin in the full consent group of the eIC cohort (8.5 vs 8.8; P=.0021), the characteristics of the full consenting patients did not differ between the eIC and face-to-face IC cohorts. In the eIC cohort, only age differed between the full consent and the nonresponse group (median 60 vs 56; P=.0002, respectively), whereas in the face-to-face IC cohort, the full consent group seemed healthier (ie, higher hemoglobin, lower glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c], lower C-reactive protein levels) than the nonresponse group.

CONCLUSIONS

More patients provided full consent using an eIC. In addition, the study population remained broadly similar. The face-to-face IC approach seemed to result in a healthier study population (ie, full consenting patients) than the patients without IC, while in the eIC cohort, the characteristics between consent groups were comparable. Thus, an eIC may lead to a better representation of the target population, increasing the generalizability of results.
Virtual Reality High-Intensity Interval Training is a Viable Alternative to Traditional Exercise (Preprint)
Authors: Merola Pietro , Cardoso Marcos Barros , Barreto Gabriel Castanho , Chagas Matheus Carvalho , Saunders Luana Farias , Saunders Bryan , Berton Danilo Cortozi
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

This study evaluated the effectiveness of a virtual reality (VR) high-intensity interval training (HIIT) boxing protocol compared to traditional high-intensity circuit training (HICT) in improving exercise motivation, engagement, and physiological responses among thirty healthy medical students.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of the study was to evaluate how a VR exergame Move Sapiens influenced exercise motivation, engagement, and physiological responses in comparison to a traditional High-Intensity Circuit Training (HICT) model.

METHODS

Participants engaged in both VR HIIT, using an Oculus Quest 2 for a futuristic exoskeleton game experience, and a traditional 12-exercise HICT. Metrics included heart rate (HR), calorie expenditure, and blood lactate levels pre- and post-exercise, alongside ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and the situational motivation scale.

RESULTS

VR HIIT showed significantly higher mean HR (161±15 vs. 144±11 bpm, d=1.5, p<0.0001), peak HR (182±15 vs. 176±11 bpm, d=0.8, p=0.0001), calorie expenditure (236±58 vs. 196±44 kcal, d=0.9, p=0.0001), and RPE (16±2 vs. 15±2, d=0.4, p=0.03). Post-exercise lactate levels were higher in HICT (8.8±4.5 vs. 10.6±3.0 mmol/L, d=0.6, p=0.006). Intrinsic motivation and other psychological measures showed no significant differences, except for lower fatigue in HICT (d=0.5, p=0.02).

CONCLUSIONS

VR HIIT significantly enhances physiological parameters while maintaining intrinsic motivation, making it a viable alternative to traditional HICT. VR training offers potential for increased engagement through game design improvements. Future studies should explore the long-term engagement and therapeutic impacts of VR exercise in diverse and clinical populations.
Using human-centered design to inform the design and social marketing strategy for a web-based STI/BBV testing service for young people in Victoria, Australia: qualitative research (Preprint)
Authors: Cardwell Ethan , Chang Shanton , Walsh Olivia , Podbury Rachel , Ludwick Terlyynn , Lim Megan , Evans Dave , Fairley Christopher , Kong Fabian Y S , Hocking Jane
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

The rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) continue to rise across Australia among 16 to 29-year-olds. Timely testing is needed to reduce transmission, but sexual health clinics are at capacity. This demand, coupled with barriers to getting tested faced by young people, has led to web-based services as a pragmatic solution. However, for young people to utilize these services, they must be acceptable, attractive, and usable. Social marketing principles combined with human-centered design can be used to develop a web-based service and create a marketing strategy to attract them to the service.

OBJECTIVE

To use human-centered design guided by social marketing principles to explore messaging and imagery design elements and promotional strategies to develop the optimal, achievable web-based STI/BBV testing service for young people in Victoria, Australia.

METHODS

Young people were recruited through youth organisations and targeted Meta (Facebook and Instagram) advertisements. An initial online survey was deployed to inform the content of focus group workshops. Workshops were based in participant’s residential locations- metropolitan, outer-metropolitan, and regional Victoria. During the workshops, young people discussed aspects to inform the design and attract users to a web-based STI/BBV testing service– social marketing principles guided human-centered design of messaging, imagery and promotional strategies to reach young people. Data collected through mixed-methods (transcribed notes, audio recording and physical outputs) were thematically analyzed to inform the service brand and marketing plans.

RESULTS

A total of 45 people completed the initial survey with 17 participating in focus group workshops (metropolitan=8, outer-metropolitan=6, regional=3). Young people preferred messages that highlight the functional benefits (confidential, affordable, accessible) of a web-based service and include professional imagery and logos that elicit trust. Young people indicated that the service should be promoted through digital communications (e.g. dating apps, social media), with endorsement from government or other recognised institutions, and via word-of-mouth communications.

CONCLUSIONS

This study has highlighted the value of applying social marketing theory to human centered design in developing a web-based STI/BBV testing service. Through the voices of young people, we have established the foundations to inform the design and marketing for Victoria’s first publicly funded web-based STI/BBV testing clinic. Future research will measure the reach and efficacy of social marketing strategy, and how this service complements existing services in increasing STI/BBV testing uptake among young Victorian’s.
Analysis of the Impact of Digital Therapeutic Interventions on Attention and Working Memory in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Seonchil , Lee Ho jun
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Recent research has explored non-pharmacological digital therapeutic interventions as a means to improve compliance and reduce side effects in medication treatments for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to validate the effects of game-based intervention content designed to enhance working memory and concentration. The study monitored quantitative changes using assessment tools to evaluate improvements in these cognitive areas when digital game-based content was employed as adjunct therapy alongside medication for children with ADHD.

METHODS

A total of 30 children participated were divided into an experimental group receiving digital therapeutic intervention based on game content alongside medication and a control group receiving conventional treatment methods.

RESULTS

The experimental group exhibited a reduction of 8.13±6.71 points on the K-ARS total score, compared to 7.14±8.73 points in the control group. Inattentiveness and hyperactivity-impulsivity decreased by 23.82% and 17.73%, respectively, more in the experimental group than in the control group. Significant reductions in the K-CBCL total problem behavior score, including internalizing and externalizing behaviors, were consistently observed at 28 d compared to baseline. Results from the FAIR attention-concentration test revealed significant differences between the experimental and control groups in Q-percentile and Q-standard scores (p=0.006 for the experimental group, p=0.007 for the control group) based on repeated measures ANOVA.

CONCLUSIONS

Digital game-based content demonstrates significant potential as a non-pharmacological therapeutic intervention for ADHD.

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinical Research Information Service KCT0009326.
Comparative Efficacy of Scorpion Venom (Hottentota tamulus and Androctonus finitimus) and Plant Extracts (Cassia fistula and Ficus palmate) Against Diabetes In Male Albino Mice (Preprint)
Authors: Tobassum Dr Saadia
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

Diabetes mellitus is the most common endocrine disease, which is characterized by hyperglycemia, altered metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins.

OBJECTIVE

he present study aimed to investigate the comparative effect of scorpions venom of Hottentota tamulus and Androctonus finitimus and leaves extract of Cassia fistula and Ficus palmate in the alloxan-induced diabetic mice by studying biological parameters.

METHODS

For extraction of venom, scorpions of Hottentota tamulus and Androctonus finitimus species were maintained in the lab. In this study, 40 male albino mice (18-25 g) were divided into ten main groups each of 4 mice. Group 1 was injected intraperitoneally with physiological saline solution, Group 2 was given alloxan but no treatment was given. Group 3 received crude venom (150 mg/kg) (i.p., daily for 5 weeks) after induction of alloxan. Group 4 received crude venom (300 mg/kg). Group 5 received venom fraction I (1.3mg/kg), Group 6 was given venom fraction II (1.4mg/kg), Group 7 was given venom fraction III (1.5mg/kg), Group 8 was given plant extract of Cassia fistula, Group 9 was given plant extract of Ficus palmate and Group 10 received recommended dose of metformin. This grouping of mice was repeated for Hottentota tamulus and Androctonus finitimus scorpions and leaves extract for Cassia fistula and Ficus palmate. Blood samples were collected from all groups to check effect of crude venom, venom fractions and plant extracts on fasting blood glucose level, insulin level, lipid profile level and body weight in control group and treated groups.

RESULTS

Administration of venom, venom fractions and plant extract revealed a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in the concentrations of blood glucose level, body weight was gradually significantly increased (P < 0.0001) in venom treated groups and metformin treated groups as compared to positive control group. Venom treatments also showed a significant elevation in triacylglyceride (P < 0.0001), total cholesterol, LDL-C and a significant reduction (P < 0.0001) in HDL-C and plasma insulin levels as compared to the negative control group.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this study displayed that body weight of mice decreased when alloxan was injected and after applying venom of scorpions, plant extract and dose of metformin there was significant increase in body weight of mice. The results showed a substantial increase in total cholesterol, triacylglycerol , LDL-C, and a significant decrease in HDL-C levels in treated groups as compared to control groups. The results showed that the treated groups had a substantial rise in fasting blood glucose levels when compared to control group. Effects of scorpions venom on diabetes bettet than the plant extract.

CLINICALTRIAL

Yes
COVID-19 and food handling practice: The case of food businesses in Jigjiga, Eastern Ethiopia (Preprint)
Authors: Farah Alinoor Mohamed , Nour Tahir Yousuf , Roble Abdurahman Kedir , Obsiye Muse , Aden Mowlid Akil , Abdi Abdulahi Siraj , Getnet Fentabil
Published: July 2024

BACKGROUND

To maintain the safety of our food supply during the Covid-19 pandemic, it is crucial to emphasize the significance of food safety in relation to good hygiene practices.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to investigate the food safety knowledge and practices of food handlers in the context of covid-19.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted in Jigjiga in May 2020 and data was collected using questionnaire and observation checklist on employees’ knowledge of food safety and their practices in the context of covid-19.

RESULTS

A total of 384 food handlers were approached and all of them responded (response rate = 100%). Less than 50% of the respondents had sufficient knowledge. Female, younger adults, married, educated and those with prior food safety training had better food handling practice than their counter parts.

CONCLUSIONS

Food handlers with prior food safety training practiced more than their counterparts. As a result, researchers, food safety communicators, the media, and all other related sectors should work to educate food handlers to advance their health and food safety training.
The Panamá Projects
Authors: Bonet Miro Ana , Dorrian Mark , Benson Paddi Alice
Published: July 2024

Degree Show Catalogue documenting the second year of a two-year ESALA MArch (Integrated Pathway) studio, ‘Crossing Panamá’. Studio Leaders: Ana Bonet Miró, Mark Dorrian and Paddi Alice Benson. 2021-2023.