bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La revuelta de las Comunidades de Castilla (1520-1521), Lección inaugural del curso 2021-2022
Authors: Ribot Luis
Published: October 2021

Constituye para mí un honor intervenir en este acto solemne ante la comunidad académica y el conjunto de los miembros que integran la UNED, al haber sido encargado de impartir la lección inaugural del curso 2021-2022. He querido elegir para ello un tema que pudiera interesar a la mayoría de quienes me escuchan, con independencia de la formación y especialización de cada uno. Cuento con la ventaja de que la Historia suele resultar más accesible que otros campos de conocimiento, pero aún así, dentro de las diversas cuestiones que podría abordar, he buscado una lo más atractiva posible. Creo haberla encontrado en el análisis de la revuelta de las Comunidades de Castilla, el levantamiento de los comuneros que tuvo lugar en los años 1520-1521, hace precisamente medio milenio, circunstancia esta que contribuye a incrementar la idoneidad de mi elección.
Empowering Latinx Families to Help Children with Mathematics
Authors: De Los Santos Rodríguez Sabrina , Martínez-Gudapakkam Audrey , Storeygard Judy
Published: October 2021

An innovative program addresses the digital divide with short, engaging videos modeling mathematic activities sent to families through a free mobile app.
Positioning Students to Explore Math with Technology
Authors: McCulloch Allison W. , Lovett Jennifer N. , Dick Lara K. , Cayton Charity
Published: October 2021

The authors discuss digital equity from the perspective of using math action technologies to position all students as mathematics explorers.
Weaving the Rainbow (Odd I)
Authors: Rycroft-Smith Lucy
Published: October 2021

This piece is a rumination on flow, pattern, and edges/transitions, focusing on polynomials of odd degree and overlaying/underlaying the flow of the graphical structure with a rainbow to suggest the central importance of queer visibility in mathematics.
Experience-dependent weakening of callosal synaptic connections in the absence of postsynaptic FMRP
Authors: Zhang Zhe , Gibson Jay R , Huber Kimberly M
Published: October 2021

Reduced structural and functional interhemispheric connectivity correlates with the severity of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) behaviors in humans. Little is known of how ASD-risk genes regulate callosal connectivity. Here, we show that Fmr1, whose loss-of-function leads to Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), cell autonomously promotes maturation of callosal excitatory synapses between somatosensory barrel cortices in mice. Postnatal, cell-autonomous deletion of Fmr1 in postsynaptic Layer (L) 2/3 or L5 neurons results in a selective weakening of AMPA receptor- (R), but not NMDA receptor-, mediated callosal synaptic function, indicative of immature synapses. Sensory deprivation by contralateral whisker trimming normalizes callosal input strength, suggesting that experience-driven activity of postsynaptic Fmr1 KO L2/3 neurons weakens callosal synapses. In contrast to callosal inputs, synapses originating from local L4 and L2/3 circuits are normal, revealing an input-specific role for postsynaptic Fmr1 in regulation of synaptic connectivity within local and callosal neocortical circuits. These results suggest direct cell autonomous and postnatal roles for FMRP in development of specific cortical circuits and suggest a synaptic basis for long-range functional underconnectivity observed in FXS patients.
NHE6 depletion corrects ApoE4-mediated synaptic impairments and reduces amyloid plaque load
Authors: Pohlkamp Theresa , Xian Xunde , Wong Connie H , Durakoglugil Murat S , Werthmann Gordon Chandler , Saido Takaomi C , Evers Bret M , White Charles L , Connor Jade , Hammer Robert E , Herz Joachim
Published: October 2021

Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is the most important and prevalent risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The isoelectric point of ApoE4 matches the pH of the early endosome (EE), causing its delayed dissociation from ApoE receptors and hence impaired endolysosomal trafficking, disruption of synaptic homeostasis, and reduced amyloid clearance. We have shown that enhancing endosomal acidification by inhibiting the EE-specific sodium-hydrogen exchanger 6 (NHE6) restores vesicular trafficking and normalizes synaptic homeostasis. Remarkably and unexpectedly, loss of NHE6 (encoded by the gene Slc9a6) in mice effectively suppressed amyloid deposition even in the absence of ApoE4, suggesting that accelerated acidification of EEs caused by the absence of NHE6 occludes the effect of ApoE on amyloid plaque formation. NHE6 suppression or inhibition may thus be a universal, ApoE-independent approach to prevent amyloid buildup in the brain. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic approach for the prevention of AD by which partial NHE6 inhibition reverses the ApoE4-induced endolysosomal trafficking defect and reduces plaque load.
Diagnosis of Ketosis in Postpartum Dairy Cows by Rapid On-Farm Tests in the Peri-Urban Area of Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Kadja M. C. , Kalandi M. , Koumai A. , Sabi S. Sourokou , Kane Y. , Kaboret Y.
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study is to contribute to the improvement of the productivity of dairy farms through the rapid detection of metabolic diseases of dairy cows on the farm. The study involved 42 dairy cows from a dairy farm located in the village of Niacoulrab. Four blood and urine samples were taken from each cow every two weeks for the first eight weeks after calving. Blood and urine ketone and glucose determinations and urine pH measurements were performed by FREESTYLE OPTIUM device, CUMBUR Test and pH paper during the first 8 weeks postpartum. The following results were obtained: the prevalence and incidence of subclinical ketosis were very high 45% and 32% respectively. At the 4th week of lactation, the blood concentration of Beta-Hydroxy-Butyrate was very high respectively 1.9 ± 0.31mmol/l and 4.2 ± 0.85 mmol/l in subclinical and clinical ketosis cows. At the 4th week of lactation, urinary acetoacetate concentration was very high in subclinical and clinical cows with values of 8.8 ± 2.3 mmol/l and 15 ± 3.8 mmol/l respectively. Blood glucose concentration was very low in subclinical and clinical ketosis cows with values of 0.37 ± 0.03 mmol/l and 0.2 ± 0.03 mmol/l respectively around the 4th week of lactation. There was a strong correlation between the concentrations of glucose (r2= -0.88) and Beta-HydroxyButyrate (-0.86) in blood and also with those of acetoacetate in urine.
A Study on Consumption Pattern of Various Types of Major Dry Fruits and Nuts in Coimbatore City
Authors: Sivaselvan D. , Samsai T. , Mahendran K. , Duraisamy M. R.
Published: October 2021

Aim: The purpose of the study was to find the consumption pattern of various types of major dry fruits and nuts in Coimbatore city of Tamil Nadu.

Design of the Study: Analytical or diagnostic research and exploratory research design were used as the study aims to find the consumption pattern of major dry fruits and nuts in Coimbatore city. Survey was carried out through a well-structured interview schedule. Primary data was collected using interview schedule from the sample respondents.

Methodology: The sampling technique used for data collection was the convenience sampling method. The sample respondents in this study were selected from different regions of Coimbatore city who had purchased major dry fruits and nuts in supermarkets, hypermarkets, retail stores and bakeries. Total sample size for the study was 150. Tools used for analysis were percentage analysis and chi-square test for consumption patterns of major dry fruits and nuts.

Findings: Most of the sample respondents were highly aware about the health benefits and nutritional content of dry fruits and nuts. Age is significantly associated with purchasing frequency, consumption pattern of major dry fruits and nuts. Consumption pattern of major dry fruits and nuts varies according with the age of consumers. There is no significant association between gender and consumption pattern of major dry fruits and nuts. Family income was significantly associated with the quantity of consumption of major dry fruits and nuts like almond, pistachios, cashews and raisins.
6-Methylsulfinylhexyl Isothiocyanate Inhibits Cell Cycle Progression in Quiescent Jb6 Cells Stimulated with Epidermal Growth Factor
Authors: Hashimoto Takashi , Kobayashi Maki , Kanazawa Kazuki
Published: October 2021

Objective: The effects of 6-MSITC on cell cycle progression were investigated in quiescent mouse epidermal JB6 cells.

Background: 6-Methylsulfinylhexyl isothiocyanate (6-MSITC) derived from wasabi (Wasabia japonica) has been reported to prevent tumor development in vivo.

Material and methods: Treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) to quiescent JB6 cells, which were serum-starved for 36 h, promoted cell cycle progression from the G0/G1 phase to the S phase. Effects of pretreatment with 6-MSITC on cell cycle progression were estimated by flowcytometry and real-time RT-PCR.

Results: Pretreatment with 6-MSITC at 0.25-1.0 μg/ml prior to the growth stimulation with EGF significantly inhibited cell cycle progression. Pretreatment with 6-MSITC inhibited the gene expression of DNA synthesis-related proteins cyclin A2, dumbbell former 4, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen.

Conclusion: These results showed that 6-MSITC inhibits cell cycle progression in quiescent cells, accompanied by the inhibition of gene expression of DNA synthesis proteins.
Cellulase: Distribution, Production, Characterization and Industrial Applications
Authors: Maravi Pratibha , Kumar Anil
Published: October 2021

Cellulase enzyme complex is comprised of three enzymes namely exo-glucanase, endo-glucanase and β-glucosidase which act synergistically to deconstruct cellulosic biomass in order to produce fermentable sugars. The enzymes are produced naturally by the living organisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. The majority of microorganisms that live in extreme environments including hot/cold springs, rumen stomach, deep ocean trench, acidic/alkaline pH environment, have been regarded as appealing producers of cellulase. Cellulases produced by microorganisms have enormous applications in different industries such as agriculture, food and feed production, brewing, textile, laundry and biofuel production. Scientists as well as industry researchers consider cellulases as a prospective candidate for further studies due to the intricacy of the enzyme system and massive industrial potential. Scientific belief in its production and further studies challenges are receiving greater attention these days, notably in the intent of decreasing its production cost at the industrial scale. In this review, future possibilities of using cellulase for various industrial applications are also addressed.
The Role and Sustainability of Community-based County Government Funded Agricultural Infrastructure Projects: A Case of Community Cattle Dips and Acaricides Use in Kilifi, Kajiado and Nakuru Counties
Authors: Chimbevo Lenny Mwagandi , Atego Norbert Adum , Oshule Paul Sifuna , Mapesa Job , Essuman Suliman , Nderitu John Huria , Asamba Micah Nyabiba , Ngeny Chris
Published: October 2021

The study objective was to provide baseline and reference data on status and use of acaricides based on type or active ingredients by individual farmers and in public cattle dip maintained by county governments. The survey was conducted through a cross-sectional study in three counties (Kilifi, Kajiado and Nakuru), based on livestock farming intensive (low, medium and high) respectively. A total of 72 farmers were sampled where Questionnaire and informal interview were used to collect data on acaricides use, grazing method, herd characteristics, production and marketing. Data obtained was stored in excel spread sheets coded and analyzed using Statistical Package for social Scientists (SPSS). Grazing systems were conventional grazing (31), zero grazing (10) and fenced pastures (41). Collapse of county governments maintained cattle dips was observed. Hence use of alternative methods by farmers; spray race (22) and mechanical (hand) spray (31). Chemicals used included TRIATIX (12), DUODIP (11), STELADONE (7) among others with majority of the farmers (32) spraying once a week. Water sources for use were tap (piped) water (8), Borehole (54), community dams (3), river water (4) and harvested rain water (1). Majority of farmers (43) used manual methods of milking while 29 farmers used automated machines. Nakuru had highest number of lactating cattle (1422) and milk production (22,480 litres), followed by Kajiado (247) with low milk production (371 litres) compared to production Kilifi production (1470 litres) herd (150). Milk was sold to KCC, Brookside and vendors with farmers adding little value (Yoghurt and Mala). In conclusion, extensive use of chemicals may accumulate in the ecosystem thus a public health problem with little productivity. Data forms basis for further research and policy formulation on acaricides use. Analysis of hydro-chemical parameters and acaricides in the water source is recommended to ascertain its suitability for Agricultural and domestic use.
Microbiological Assessment of Elechi Creek Receiving Wastewater Effluents from Industrial Operations in Port Harcourt City
Authors: Ogbonna D. N. , Meregini-Ikechukwu P. C. , Kpormon L. B.
Published: October 2021

Disposal of wastewater and other effluents into water bodies from activities around water bodies have for long been of major concern and challenge to the environment leading to several infectious diseases. The amount of industrial untreated solid wastes from companies, wastewater from car washing activities, open drainages and agricultural runoffs located close to Elechi creek constitutes the wastewater effluents received by the creek thus resulting in the imbalance of the ecosystem. The study was therefore aimed at determining the microbiology of water quality at different stations of the Elechi creek. Surface water, wastewater and sediment samples were collected during a seven month period and analysed using standard microbiological procedures. Results obtained revealed that the average microbial counts ranged as follows: Total Heterotrophic bacteria 1.12±0.13x108 to 1.28±0.09x108 cfu/ml, Total coliform count; 6.4±0.21 to 7.8±0.13 cfu/ml, Total Staphylococcus Count; 6.9±0.06 to 7.9±0.08 cfu/ml, Total Shigella count; 7.9±0.11 to 8.5±0.14 cfu/ml, Total Salmonella Count; 5.4±0.13 to 7.9±0.08 cfu/ml, Total Vibrio Count; 5.9±0.13 to 7.4±0.09 cfu/ml, and Total Pseudomonad Count; 2.5±0.08 to 4.8 ±0.10 cfu/ml, in surface water, Total Heterotrophic bacteria 1.02±0.08 x108 cfu/ml to 2.68±0.08 x108 cfu/ml, Total coliform count; 4.4±0.10a to 4.9±0.11a cfu/ml, Total Staphylococcus Count;4.7±0.10 to 5.9±0.12 cfu/ml, Total Shigella count; 4.0±0.08 to 4.8±0.11 cfu/ml, Total Salmonella Count; 3.2±0.16 to 4.6±0.08 cfu/ml, Total Vibrio Count; 2.0±0.15 to 4.8±0.11 cfu/ml, and Total Pseudomonad Count2.7±0.13 to 3.9±0.09cfu/ml, in wastewater and Total Heterotrophic bacteria 2.16±0.07 x109 cfu/g to 2.24±0.09 x109 cfu/g, Total coliform count; 1.01±0.13 to 1.36±0.06b cfu/g, Total Staphylococcus Count; 6.8±0.11 to 9.1±0.08 cfu/g, Total Shigella count; 4.0±0.09 to 6.5±0.06 cfu/ml, Total Salmonella Count; 4.1±0.11 to 9.7±0.12 cfu/g, Total Vibrio Count; 6.8±0.10 to 9.5±0.09 cfu/g, and Total Pseudomonad Count; 4.0±0.16 to 5.9±0.07 cfu/g, in sediment samples. Bacterial isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, Providencia, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio and Enterobacter were isolated and identified. The occurrences of these bacterial isolates as potential pathogens could cause poor water quality through fouling and render the water for various uses and may pose a public health threat to our water resources. Adherence to good hygienic practices and proper treatment of wastewater before discharge into the environment should be encouraged to minimize the spread of infectious diseases and fouling of water bodies. This may also affect the aquatic life in such ecosystems.
Foot Pump Versus Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin for Preventing Deep Vein Thrombosis Following Surgery for Hip and Knee Replacement
Authors: Lin Feng-Fei , Chen Bin , Lin Chao-Hui , Zheng Ke
Published: October 2021

Objective

To evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of the use of foot pump versus low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in total knee replacement (TKR) and total hip replacement (THR).

Summary of background data

The use of chemoprophylactic agents in TKR and THR has been shown to result in increased complications like bleeding and wound drainage.

Methods

Relevant publications indexed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embas, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, CNKI, and VIPI were identified. Appropriate articles identified from the reference lists of the above searches were also reviewed.

Results

No significant difference in the rate of distal in the lower extremity was observed between the 2 groups (OR: 0.99; CI: 0.61–1.61; Z = 0.03; P = 0.97). No significant difference in the rate of proximal DVT in the lower extremity was observed between 2 groups (OR: 1.60, CI: 0.85–3.03, Z = 1.44, P = 0.15). No significant difference in the rate of PE was observed between 2 groups (OR 3.84, CI: 0.42 to 34.80, Z = 1.20, P = 0.23). But we found that postoperative drainage in foot pump group was less than that in LMWH group (OR -68.93, CI: −73.81 to −64.05, Z = 27.68, P < 0.00001), and oozing in foot pump group was less than that in LMWH group (OR: 0.21; CI: 0.10–0.47; Z = 3.86, P = 0.0001).

Conclusion

The foot pump is a suitable alternative for TKR and THR patients in preventing DVT and PE, and can get less postoperative drainage and oozing side effects that are associated with LWMH.
Correlation of Operative Mortality and Morbidity With Preoperative C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio, Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio, and Prognostic Nutritional Index in Patients Undergoing Emergent Operations Due to Strangulation Ileus
Authors: Ikeguchi Masahide , Hanaki Takehiko , Kihara Kyo-ichi , Endo Kanenori , Suzuki Kazunori , Nakamura Seiichi , Sawada Takashi , Shimizu Tetsu
Published: October 2021

Emergent surgery is necessary in patients with strangulation ileus. However, such procedures are associated with high morbidity and mortality. A retrospective analysis was performed to determine whether the preoperative C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR); neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR); and prognostic nutritional index (PNI) are good indicators of mortality or morbidity in patients undergoing emergent operations for treatment of strangulation ileus. Emergent surgery was performed for 1698 patients at Tottori Prefectural Central Hospital from 2012 and 2015. Among them, 45 patients (2.7%) were preoperatively diagnosed with strangulation ileus. We evaluated the clinical importance of the preoperative CAR, NLR, and PNI in these patients. We excluded pediatric patients from this study. Postoperative complications developed in 14 of 45 (31.1%) patients. The mean postoperative hospital stay among the 14 patients with postoperative complications was significantly longer than that of the 31 patients without postoperative complications (44.0 versus 11.3 days, respectively; P = 0.006). Three patients died of postoperative complications. The overall operative mortality and morbidity rates were 6.7% and 31.1%, respectively. We found strong correlations of postoperative complications with older age, a longer operation time, and an abnormal preoperative CAR, NLR, and PNI. Not only inflammation, but also a patients' nutritional and immune status appear to be strongly correlated with mortality or morbidity after emergent operations for strangulation ileus. Patients with a high CAR and NLR and low PNI preoperatively must be closely monitored for the occurrence of postoperative complications such as surgical site infections or pulmonary complications.
Prognostic Prediction Models for Liver Metastasis and Overall Survival in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Authors: Miyoshi Norikatsu , Ohue Masayuki , Yasui Masayoshi , Takahashi Yusuke , Fujino Shiki , Wada Yuma , Sugimura Keijiro , Tomokuni Akira , Akita Hirofumi , Kobayashi Shogo , Takahashi Hidenori , Omori Takeshi , Miyata Hiroshi , Yano Masahiko
Published: October 2021

Objective

The objective of this study was to develop novel prediction models for liver metastasis-free survival (LMFS) and overall survival (OS) in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients following surgically curative resections. We developed novel prediction models for LMFS and OS in CRC patients following surgically curative resections. Using clinicopathologic factors, such models were constructed with concordance indices of 0.811 and 0.776 for LMFS and OS, respectively.

Methods

Seven hundred seventy-six CRC patients presenting to the Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases between January 2004 and December 2010 were retrospectively studied. The exclusion criteria were patients with preoperative treatment, synchronous distant metastasis, noncurative resection, and incomplete postoperative follow-up.

Results

Based on the analysis of clinicopathologic factors, the following factors had significant correlation with LMFS: preoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen (pre-CEA), tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, lymphatic invasion, and venous invasion. Using these variables, a novel prediction model was constructed by the Cox regression model with a concordance index (c-index) of 0.811 for LMFS. The following factors had a significant correlation with OS: age, pre-CEA, preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9, tumor location, pathologically defined tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and venous invasion. Using these variables, a prediction model was constructed with a c-index of 0.776 for OS. These models were validated by external datasets in an independent patient group.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the utility of a novel personalized prognostic model for liver metastasis, integrating tumor node metastasis factors, pre-CEA, and histologic lymphovascular invasion to predict the prognosis. Such models can help clinicians in treating CRC patients postoperatively.
Laparoscopy in a Patient With a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Almayouf Mohammed , AlSabahi Tareq , Alburakan Ahmad , Nouh Thamer
Published: October 2021

Objective

This case emphasizes the safety of laparoscopy in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunts.

Summary of background data

Previously published reports have suggested possible risks associated with laparoscopy in patients with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

Methods

We report a case of a 17-year-old male with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt inserted 6 years ago to manage hydrocephalus that developed after surgery for medulloblastoma. The patient presented with a 5-day history of abdominal pain. He was diagnosed as having acute biliary pancreatitis. We performed laparoscopic cholecystectomy with the ventriculoperitoneal shunt in place.

Conclusion

The patient had an uneventful recovery with no shunt-related complications.
Which Patients With Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Benefit From Preoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging?
Authors: Lee Hyun Jeong , Kim Woo Young , Lee Jae Bok , Ha Kee Soo , Chang Young Woo , Lee Hye Yoon , Jung Seung Pil , Lee Yeonjoo , Woo Ok Hee , Woo Sang Uk , Son Gil Soo
Published: October 2021

Objective

The aim of this study was to identify the effectiveness and selective applications of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by investigating clinicopathologic factors of the index tumor with or without false lesions on MRI.

Summary of background data

Preoperative MRI is commonly performed in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer, but its clinical significance is unclear.

Methods

A total of 103 breast cancer patients who had undergone MRI or ultrasound followed by mastectomy were included in this retrospective investigation of pathologic, clinical, and imaging findings.

Results

MRI showed 29 false-positive lesions in 57 patients, 5 false-negative lesions in 5 patients, and 69 true-positive lesions in 103 patients. More false lesions on MRI were found in patients with more lesions on ultrasound, small-sized index tumors on ultrasound, or early-stage cancer. The sensitivity of MRI and ultrasound were 96.5% and 92.3% (P = 0.119), respectively, and the positive predictive value of them were 71.5% and 72.5% (P = 0.828), respectively.

Conclusions

Preoperative MRI is more useful in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer who have large-sized or more advanced cancers or fewer lesions on ultrasound.
Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of the Transverse Colon With Extremely Aggressive Brain Metastases
Authors: Ishida Tomo , Kagawa Yoshinori , Naito Atsushi , Kawai Kenji , Hata Taishi , Takeno Atsushi , Goto Takayoshi , Yoshimura Michiko , Nakatsuka Shinichi , Takeda Yutaka , Kato Takeshi , Murata Kohei
Published: October 2021

Introduction

Sarcomatoid carcinoma (SC) is a rare subtype of malignant neoplasm with a poor prognosis that involves both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. Although it may develop in various organs, SC in the large intestine has rarely been reported. It is not rare for patients with SC to have distant metastasis, reflecting its highly aggressive oncologic features, but cases with brain metastasis on initial visit are rare. In this report, we described a case of SC in the transverse colon with brain metastases whose initial symptom was neurological disorder, and reviewed 31 reported cases of SC.

Case presentation

A 70-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with the chief complaints of gait disorder and severe dizziness. Head magnetic resonance imaging revealed tumor masses in the anterior lobe and cerebellum. A large tumor in the transverse colon was detected by colonoscopy and abdominal enhanced computed tomography (CT), and was diagnosed as undifferentiated adenocarcinoma by histology. Laparoscopic extended right hemicolectomy was performed to remove the obstruction, and the resected specimens revealed an invasive tumor consisting of a mixture of carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. According to the immunopathological study, the patient was diagnosed with SC. The clinical course was extremely aggressive, and the patient died on the 28th postoperative day because of disease progression.

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of SC in the transverse colon with a neurological disorder derived from brain metastases. This experience may contribute to the guidance regarding proper therapeutic options for SC.
A METAPSICOLOGIA DO RECALQUE
Authors: Lopes Mendonça Roberto , De Couto Daniela Paula , Antônio de Oliveira Cassiano Carlos , Gonçalves Ribeiro Felipe Alcides , Moares Coelho Geane , Fátima Teodoro Elizabeth , Rodrigues Carlos Eduardo
Published: October 2021

RESUMOO presente artigo objetiva retomar o conceito de recalque em suas perspectivas tópica, econômica e dinâmica por meio de uma pesquisa das obras freudianas. Para tal discussão, utilizou-se a investigação teórica e a leitura comparada de diversas traduções da obra freudiana. A partir desse retorno investigativo foi possível verificar que o recalque é um processo que afeta as representações na fronteira entre os sistemas Ics. e Pcs-Cs. O processo como um todo é complexo e necessita das três perspectivas para seu entendimento. Nesse sentido, o conceito de recalque se constitui omo um dos mais importantes, pois ele estrutura o psiquismo e organiza o circuito dos conflitos pulsionais no interior do aparelho psíquico.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Recalque. Tópica. Econômica. Dinâmica.
A PSICANÁLISE DE FREUD E A PSICANÁLISE DE HOJE: AS VICISSITUDES DO FEMININO NA ERA DOS EXTREMOS
Authors: Pavani Brandino Gabriel , Souza Emidio Thassia , Sinibaldi Barbara
Published: October 2021

A presente pesquisa se propõe a fazer uma análise comparativa da questão do feminino no campo da psicanálise entre as formulações de Freud a respeito da feminilidade e as reflexões trazidas por psicanalistas inseridos no contexto atual da sociedade. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa pensando na questão do feminino nas teorizações freudianas e atuais e verificando dentro da bibliografia quais mudanças ocorreram na concepção da mulher dentro desta ciência, atrelando estas mudanças às transformações ocorridas na sociedade. Propõe-se realizar uma reflexão, não apenas o levantamento bibliográfico, mas também um exercício de pensamento trazendo um diálogo entre as obras de Freud, as teorizações atuais e a sociedade enquanto instrumento subjetivador para que as transformações no campo psicanalítico se concretizem.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Psicanálise. Feminino. Freud. Século XX. Sociedade.
Health Communication and Adherence to Noninvasive Ventilation in Chronic Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Yu Doris Sau Fung , Li Polly Wai-Chi , Lau Jason Chi-Chun , Cheung Pik Shan Alice , Ip Mary , Cheng Suet Lai Linda , Poon Henry Chung Leung , Iris Lee Fung Kam
Published: December 2024

Importance

Domiciliary noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is a standard treatment for improving health outcomes among patients with chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure (CHRF). However, poor adherence substantially limits its therapeutic effectiveness.

Objective

To determine the effect of an information-motivation-behavioral (IMB) skills-based intervention (IMB-NIV program) on NIV adherence, patient-reported health outcomes, and health service use among patients with CHRF.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This multisite, assessor-blinded, randomized clinical trial was conducted from January 2022 to March 2023 at respiratory clinics of 2 regional hospitals in Hong Kong among patients with CHRF who had been nonadherent to prescribed domiciliary NIV.

Interventions

The 6-week IMB-NIV program used a hybrid approach, combining in-person and telecare sessions, to provide patients with knowledge, skills, a positive attitude, and social motivation to enhance NIV adherence.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was NIV adherence data retrieved from the NIV machine. Secondary outcomes included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Chinese Severe Respiratory Insufficiency questionnaire, venous bicarbonate (HCO3−) level, emergency department (ED) and hospital admissions, and mortality measured at baseline, program completion, and 3, 6, and 12 months.

Results

Of the 124 participants (mean [SD] age, 73.7 [7.2] years; 67 [54.0%] female), the 62 patients in the IMB-NIV group were more likely to adhere to NIV compared with the 62 patients in the usual care group at 12 months (61.3% vs 27.4%; odds ratio, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.69 to 4.55), with a greater increase noted in daily NIV use in hours at that time (B = 2.37; 95% CI, 1.44 to 3.31). A generalized estimating equation indicated significantly greater improvements in sleep quality (B = −3.63; 95% CI, −5.14 to −2.12) and health-related quality of life (β = 14.84; 95% CI, 9.18 to 20.49) at 12 months in the IMB-NIV group. The IMB-NIV group had significantly lower ED admissions (incidence rate ratio, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.26 to 0.84) and a longer time to the first ED visit (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.95). No significant treatment effect was observed on venous HCO3− levels or hospital admissions.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, the IMB-NIV program offered a promising behavioral approach to improve NIV adherence in patients with CHRF. Its sustained positive effects on sleep quality, health-related quality of life, and ED admissions highlight its potential to optimize the therapeutic benefits of NIV.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05008211.
Suicide Risk Among Veterans Who Receive Evidence-Based Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Authors: Saulnier Kevin G. , Brabbs Stuart , Szymanski Benjamin R. , Harpaz-Rotem Ilan , McCarthy John F. , Sripada Rebecca K.
Published: December 2024

Importance

Suicide rates are increased for veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To inform Veterans Health Administration (VHA) operations, it is important to assess whether suicide risk for veterans differs by receipt of evidence-based treatments.

Objective

To assess suicide risks among veterans in VHA care with new PTSD diagnoses who initiated or received an adequate course of evidence-based psychotherapy (cognitive processing therapy or prolonged exposure [CPT/PE]).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study of veterans in VHA care evaluated suicide risk through 2020 for veterans with initial PTSD diagnoses during 2016-2019. Data collection and analyses were performed from March 22 to November 22, 2023. The population consisted of veterans who received an initial PTSD diagnosis (preceded by at least 12 months without a PTSD diagnosis) in 2016-2019.

Exposures

Following the index PTSD diagnosis, receipt of a CPT/PE encounter and receipt of an adequate course of therapy (≥8 CPT/PE encounters).

Main Outcome and Measure

Suicide mortality, per death certificate data from the Veterans Affairs/Department of Defense Mortality Data Repository.

Results

Of the population-based sample of 847 217 US veterans, most were male (735 974 [86.9%]); the mean (SD) age was 50.1 (16.3) years. From initial PTSD diagnosis through 2020, there were 1552 suicides. Multivariable proportional hazards regression indicated that initiation of CPT/PE treatment was associated with a 23% lower suicide risk compared with those who did not initiate CPT/PE (hazard ratio [HR], 0.77; 95% CI, 0.59-0.99). Receipt of an adequate course was not associated with suicide (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.55-1.18). Similar results were observed when limiting the cohort to those who received any psychotherapy (n = 552 742; CPT/PE initiation: HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56-0.95; adequate course: HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.52-1.12).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this study suggest that, among veterans in VHA care with new PTSD diagnoses, CPT/PE initiation was associated with lower suicide risk. However, for those who initiated CPT/PE, receipt of 8 or more sessions was not associated with added benefit.
Adaptive Dynamic Surface Control Design for a Class of Uncertain Nonlinear Systems With Asymmetric Full‐State Constraints of Arbitrary Time Period
Authors: Wang Aodi , Wang Chunxiao , Yu Jiali , Zhao Zixuan
Published: December 2024

This article investigates the tracking control problem for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems with time‐varying asymmetric state constraints of arbitrary time period. State constraints of arbitrary time period refer to the system states that are constrained during arbitrary finite time and are free for the other time (i.e., unconstrained), it is more common. This article addresses this issue for the first time. A novel shifting function is defined which moves any states or tracking errors out of the constraint area to the desired positions. Then, a barrier Lyapunov function is designed for the tracking error after shifting transformation, which ensures the satisfaction of state constraints. Dynamic surface control is used to avoid the high‐order derivation of functions which solves the complexity problem caused by item explosion in backstepping design. Lastly, a simulation illustration is given to verify the effectiveness and outstanding features of the proposed method. It demonstrates that state constraints of arbitrary time period are satisfied, all signals in the closed‐loop system are ultimately bounded, and the tracking error converges to an adjustable neighborhood of origin.
Coupling Anionic Oxygen Redox with Selenium for Stable High‐Voltage Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes
Authors: Xue Zhichen , Bothra Neha , Meng Dechao , Feng Guangxia , Li Yuqi , Cui Tony , Hao Hongchang , Lee Sang‐Jun , Liu Yijin , Bajdich Michal , Nanda Jagjit , Zheng Xueli
Published: December 2024

Utilizing anion redox reaction is crucial for developing the next generation of high‐energy density, low‐cost sodium‐ion batteries. However, the irreversible oxygen redox reaction in Na‐ion layered cathodes, which leads to voltage fading and reduced overall lifespan, has hindered their practical application. In this study, selenium is incorporated as a synergistic redox active center of oxygen to improve the stability of Na‐ion cathodes. The redesigned cathode maintains stable voltage by demonstrating reversible oxygen redox while significantly suppressing the redox activity of manganese. The anionic redox contribution capacity of the selenium‐doped Na0.6Li0.2Mn0.8O2 cathode remains as high as 84% after 50 cycles, while the pristine Na0.6Li0.2Mn0.8O2 cathode experiences a reduction to 39% of its initial capacity. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy data and computational analysis further revealed that selenium doping participates in redox as Se+4/5 which stabilizes the charged state and increases the energy step for O─O dimerization, thus improving the stability and lifespan of Na0.6Li0.2Mn0.8O2 cathodes. The findings highlight the potential of redox coupling design to address the issue of voltage fade caused by irreversible anionic redox.
Suppressing Zinc Metal Corrosion by an Effective and Durable Corrosion Inhibitor for Stable Aqueous Zinc Batteries
Authors: Ren Baohui , Zhang Xiangyong , Wei Hua , Jiang Jingjing , Chen Guangming , Li Hongfei , Liu Zhuoxin
Published: December 2024

The development of aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) for large‐scale industrial applications is substantially constrained by the persistent issue of zinc anode corrosion. This study introduces fucoidan (FCD), a corrosion inhibitor, to effectively mitigate the corrosion‐related challenges in zinc metal anodes. FCD forms a robust, covalently bonded layer on the zinc surface at a low concentration of 25 mm through interactions between the lone pairs on its polar atoms and the d orbitals of zinc. This layer is ultrathin, which does not deteriorate ion transfer but effectively shields the zinc from corrosive electrolytes and promotes uniform zinc deposition, resulting in suppressed corrosion, passivation, and dendrite formation. Consequently, the Zn||Zn cells exhibit excellent reversibility, stably operating for 2700 h at 1 mA cm−2 under 1 mAh cm−2 and 400 h at 10 mA cm−2 under 10 mAh cm−2. Furthermore, a large‐sized Zn||I2 pouch cell with a high iodine loading of 2 g and a discharge capacity of ≈300 mAh is demonstrated, which shows minimal capacity degradation—<3% after 300 cycles—and maintains a high Coulombic efficiency of ≈99.5%. The corrosion inhibition strategy proposed in this study provides crucial insights for enhancing the durability and practicability of AZIBs.
Porous g‐C3N4 Microspheres Wrapped by Garnet Nanoparticles Enable Solid Composite Electrolytes with Improved Ionic Conduction and Interfacial Stability
Authors: Wang Wenjing , Jia Mengyang , Bi Zhijie , Guo Xiangxin
Published: December 2024

Solid composite electrolytes composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) hold promise for realizing practically applied solid lithium batteries (SLBs) with high safety and energy density. However, they face the issues of the LLZTO agglomeration in polymers and the dehydrofluorination of PVDF at the anode interface. To overcome these issues, porous g‐C3N4 microspheres are wrapped homogeneously by LLZTO nanoparticles via the metal‐nitrogen bonding between Li atoms in LLZTO and N atoms in g‐C3N4 and then incorporated into the composite electrolytes. The achieved LLZTO network with 3D structures provides continuous and fast ionic transport channels inside electrolytes. Additionally, g‐C3N4 with abundant N can endow the construction of a stable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) consisting of rich Li3N, separating PVDF from Li‐metal and suppressing the PVDF dehydrofluorination at the anode interface. Consequently, the obtained composite electrolytes with the ionic conductivity of 7.56 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C undergo stable stripping‐plating cycles over 2000 h. The SLBs using LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (NCM622) and LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (NCM811) achieve superior cycle stability with the capacity retention of 88.65% for 300 cycles and 88.22% for 150 cycles at 0.5 C, respectively. This work provides a universal strategy for constructing PVDF‐based composite electrolytes with high conductivity and interface compatibility.
Subtly Modulating Bay Sites of Perylene Diimide Cathode Interface Layer for High‐Performance and High‐Stability Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Lan Senmei , Zhou Dan , Hu Lin , Li Hongxiang , Pu Yujie , Wang Fang , Wan Wentian , Tong Yongfen , Lv Ruizhi , Xu Haitao , Hu Bin , Cheng Pei , Li Zaifang , Chen Lie
Published: December 2024

Cathode interface layers (CILs) are crucial for optimizing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of organic solar cells (OSCs). Two small molecule CILs, PDINN‐TS and PDINN‐BS are developed, by modifying the bay sites of perylene diimide (PDI) with thieno [3,2‐b] thiophene and 2,2′‐bithiophene, separately. Due to better electron‐donating capacity and longer conjugate length of the 2,2′‐bithiophene, PDINN‐BS exhibits a stronger self‐doping effect and superior interface compatibility compared to PDINN‐TS. Consequently, in PM6: Y6 OSCs, PDINN‐BS achieved an elevated PCE of 16.95%, surpassing PDINN‐TS of 16.66%. Meanwhile, PDINN‐BS exhibits excellent universality. When employing PM6: BTP‐eC9 and PM6:L8‐BO systems, PDINN‐BS‐based device yielded PCE of 18.02% and 18.95%, outperforming PDINN‐TS of 17.51% and 18.38%, respectively. Furthermore, stability tests revealed that after being stored in the glovebox for 1500 h, PDINN‐BS retained 90% of its pristine PCE, compared to 86% for PDINN‐TS. PDINN‐BS showed longer 80% PCE decay (T80) of 150 h in air, 200 h at 70 °C heating in N2, and 500 h under 1 sun immersion, surpassing PDINN‐TS with 120, 130, and 380 h, respectively. This demonstrates that PDINN‐BS displayed superior stability under a complicated environment. Consequently, this study provides significative guidance for the exploitation of high‐performance and high‐stability OSCs.
Decrypting the Controlled Product Selectivity over Tunable Ni─Co Bimetallic Alloy for Photoreduction CO2
Authors: Kang Xiaofeng , He Zhizhong , Wang Feng , Liu Ya , Guo Liejin
Published: December 2024

Efficiently regulating reaction pathways for photoreduction CO2 to achieve required products is enormously strenuous. The design of active sites for CO2 adsorption, activation, and tuning of reaction pathways is pivotal to address this grand challenge. Herein, highly selective sites are developed for photoreduction CO2 to HCOOH and CO based on asymmetrically coupling different ratios of Ni and Co loaded on crystalline carbon nitride (CCN) by an alloying synthesis strategy, which is confirmed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectra suggest that the key intermediate *OCHO to HCOOH pathway prefers to form on Ni sites, while *COOH to CO pathway tends to generate on Co sites, and the characteristic peaks intensity of the two key intermediates are stronger with the synergistic effects of NiCo bimetallic, further verified by the theory calculations. Accordingly, HCOOH with a selectivity of 98.5% (194.5 µmol g⁻1 h⁻1) or CO with a selectivity of 85.4% (144.8 µmol g−1 h−1) can be achieved on the optimized NixCoy alloy, under sacrificial agent‐free conditions.
Carbon Dots with Polycyclic Dipeptide Structure Surpass Natural Hydrolase Performance
Authors: Zhang Mengling , Wu Zeyu , Zhang Yan , Hu Tao , Li Wenwen , Huang Hui , Shao Mingwang , Liu Yang , Fan Xing , Kang Zhenhui
Published: December 2024

Nature enzymes always suffer from high costs, harsh conditions, and instability, while, artificial one offers possibilities for addressing current challenges and plays a significant role in future industrial production. Here, the carbon dots (CDs), with well‐defined polycyclic dipeptide structures, are reported to exhibit superior hydrolase‐like catalytic performance beyond those of natural enzymes. Compared to natural lipase, the obtained CDs not only exhibit superior catalytic activity (2.85 times increase in Vm) but also have a broader range of substrate concentrations (0–8.0 mm) and substrate types (fatty ester, aromatic ester, phosphate ester), along with simpler catalytic conditions and superior stability. The highly efficient catalytic activity of CDs is attributed to the low activation energy of the reaction (Ea: 13.74 kJ mol−1) and strong adsorption to the substrates. The results of theoretical calculations and comparative experiments demonstrate that the adsorption sites of CDs are located on the nitrogen atoms of the polycyclic dipeptide. Furthermore, a membrane integrated with CDs (membrane‐catalyst) is constructed, through which the instantaneous hydrolysis of esters can be realized. This work provides new insight into the enzyme‐like catalytic mechanisms of CDs and offers a new approach to designing enzyme‐like materials with high performance.
Preferentially Stabilizing the Watershed Intermediates by Adsorbate‐adsorbate Interaction to Accelerate CO2 Electroreduction to Ethanol
Authors: Huang Pu , He Bingling , Dong Yuming , Zhou Jing , Xu Jing , Pan Chengsi , Lou Yang , Wang Yao , Zhang Ying , Huang Hongwen , Zhang Jiawei
Published: December 2024

Returning CO2 to liquid ethanol powered by clean energy offers considerable economic benefits and contributes to reaching the goal of carbon neutrality, but it remains a formidable challenge to achieve high ethanol selectivity due to the inevitable strong competition among various pathways. Herein, an investigation is presented to accelerate CO2 electroreduction to ethanol via preferentially stabilizing the precarious watershed intermediates (*CHCOH) by creating strong adsorbate‐adsorbate interaction. The highly ordered CuOx nanoplates (HO‐CuOx NPLs) featuring abundant amorphous‐crystalline interface exhibit an exceptional ethanol Faradaic efficiency (FEEtOH) of 63.8% and an ethanol‐to‐ethylene ratio of 6.1 at a large ethanol partial current density (jethanol) of 232.8 mA cm−2. The findings decipher that abundant in‐between nanogaps in the amorphous‐crystalline interface enhance the adsorption of *OH, which can preferentially strengthen C─O bonds while weakening the Cu─C interaction of *CHCOH through adsorbate‐adsorbate interaction, thereby enabling a predilection for CO2 to ethanol conversion. Beyond an efficient ethanol‐oriented CO2RR electrocatalyst, the investigations provide an in‐depth understanding of adsorbate‐adsorbate interaction on key CO2RR steps and precise intermediates regulation, which can be extended to a range of energy conversion technologies.