bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Analysis of Post-Disaster Analysis Using Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Gupta Priyanka , Helena Raj Vijilius , Lal Geethu , Gupta Manish , Chandra Pradeep Kumar , Muhamed Hayidr , Parmar Ashish
Published: May 2024

Post-disaster recovery is a multifaceted system essential for rebuilding communities and infrastructure. Despite its importance, many limitations obstruct powerful recuperation, main to tremendous loss of life and monetary assets. This paper synthesizes varied approaches in the direction of sustainable restoration, highlighting the increasing reliance on technology for disaster management. Image processing strategies, pivotal in addressing these demanding situations, are reviewed across studies. Those strategies range from SLIC segmentation and Random forest classification to advanced deep learning models together with U-net and YOLOv8, machine learning algorithms like SVM, and image category methodologies along with bi-temporal analysis. Comparative evaluation reveals that those strategies presents promising consequences, with accuracies starting from 75% to over 94%. The paper gives a framework for understanding the role of various image processing strategies in improving disaster control strategies, emphasizing their implications for future studies and application.
Prediction of Streamflow in River Basin-Using ANN
Authors: K.M Ajith , Jitender Gopika , R Abhijith , Thulasidas Aswathy , Kuruvilla Reni
Published: May 2024

In addition to the flood level predictions, our system provides valuable insights into future rainfall patterns. With the data set we have gathered, we can determine the expected amount of rainfall in the upcoming months. By combining the flood level predictions with the rainfall data, we can better understand the overall flood risk and take proactive measures to mitigate its impact. Our system equips us with the necessary information to make informed decisions and enhance flood preparedness strategies. The main difference is that we focus on predicting flood levels using a combination of current water level data and real-time weather data. This allows us to have a more accurate understanding of potential flood events. Additionally, our paper also incorporates rainfall data to assess the risk of flooding in the coming months. By considering multiple factors, we aim to provide a more holistic understanding of flood risks and enhance preparedness strategies. By combining the flood level predictions with rainfall forecasts, we can assess the flood risk in the coming months and take preventive actions, such as implementing early warning systems or strengthening infrastructure, to minimize the impact of potential flood events.
Bio-Inclusive Urban Ecosystems and their Conservation - A Review
Authors: Thankam G. Lizia , Gnanaraj S. Christopher , Prasad Ashwathi , Ann Thomas Reshma , Parvin Seba
Published: May 2024

This article dives into the usage of nature in cities to solve today's problems. This research focuses on the systematic conservation of urban wildlife. How the cities can be interlinked with the wildlife and the current scenarios which happen in the present condition of the cities. We deal with classification of the urban ecosystem and also the new habitats for the wildlife population and the factors that affect the same. The six main areas in which urban wildlife management challenges now exist are also covered. We get the chance to study more about the new term of synurbization and the factors and conditions for the same and some examples also. Further, the
research focuses on the habitat management techniques and the examples happening in different areas in the world.Another major topic which is dealt in this study is the wetlands of India. Wetlands of kerala are also studied along with their respective policies and strategies for the protection of wetlands. National strategy for wetland protection and the methods used for the monitoring and protection of wetlands are also included.Human activities and human interventions are the major factors that contribute to the depletion of wildlife and the wetlands therefore habitat conservation is also dealt with in this study. This study helps us to understand the importance of protection and prevention of wildlife in urban areas and the conservation of wildlife in different zones of our cities and urges us to understand the factors responsible for the urban development without affecting the ecosystem.
Geographic Information Systems Applications in Business Decision-Making
Authors: Pavani Pasupuleti , Reddy Komatireddy Sanjay , Teja Yarasuri Venkata , Reddy Police Vivek , Kumar Tanneru Sunil , Al-Jawahry Hassan M.
Published: May 2024

The recent advancements in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques and their applications across various business domains provide an overview of cutting-edge GIS methodologies, including spatial analytics, machine learning integration, and advanced visualization tools. The study sheds light on how these techniques enhance decision-making processes in industries such as retail, service, and manufacturing. Challenges encompass the complexity of integrating diverse datasets, issues of data usage, and ensuring the interpretability and efficient use of machine learning algorithms within GIS frameworks. In response to these challenges, the primary objective of this study is to address the limitations of current GIS methodologies by understanding their capabilities while ensuring the
effective use of advanced technologies, and optimizing business decision making processes.
Digging Deeper: The Role of Big Data Analytics in Geotechnical Investigations
Authors: Vani V. Divya , Helena Raj Vijilius , Dutt Amit , Raveendranath Reshma , Tyagi Lalit Kumar , Almusawi Muntather , Yadav Dinesh Kumar
Published: May 2024

This review paper explores the transformative role of big data analytics in geotechnical engineering, transferring past conventional methods to a data-driven paradigm that complements decision-making and precision in subsurface investigations. By integrating large statistics analytics with geotechnical engineering, this study demonstrates big improvements in website characterization, danger assessment, and production methodologies. The research underscores the capability of big data to revolutionize geotechnical investigations through improved prediction models, threat management, and sustainable engineering practices, highlighting the critical role of big data in addressing international warming and ozone depletion. Through the examination of numerous case studies and AI-driven methodologies, this paper sheds light at the efficiency gains and environmental benefits attainable in geotechnical engineering.
Modeling study of PM2.5 pollution episode of early spring 2019 in Hokkaido, Japan caused by biomass burning in Northeast China
Authors: Uranishi Katsushige , Shimadera Hikari , Ikemori Fumikazu , Takami Kyohei , Nogami Atsushi , Sugata Seiji
Published: May 2024

Biomass burning (BB), in particular agricultural waste burning (Agri-BB), occurs at random locations, scales, and times. These factors make it challenging to detect Agri-BB accurately through satellite observations. Thus, the BB emission inventories using satellite observation data have uncertainties for their emission estimation approach and cause poor model performance for air pollutants including PM2.5. We utilized the two BB emission inventories, GFEDv4.1s and FINNv2.5 with the CMAQ model to simulate the PM2.5 heavy pollution episode in Hokkaido 2019. To estimate Agri-BB contributions, we conducted three simulation cases for each BB emission inventory: with and without Agri-BB emission, and the boosted Agri-BB emission cases. The baseline simulation failed to capture the temporal and spatial variation patterns of PM2.5. Meanwhile, the boosted Agri-BB case could show favorable performance for PM2.5 concentrations. These results indicated that the two BB emission inventories underestimated Agri-BB emissions. In the two boosted Agri-BB cases, the PM2.5 contributions from Agri-BB accounted for more than 50% during the episode. Moreover, high PM2.5 emissions were found in Northeast China and its surrounding regions similar to the two boosted Agri-BB cases. Consequently, the results revealed that Agri-BB emissions during the episode were significantly derived from the agricultural areas in Northeast China.
Estimation of on-road mobile emissions based on the vehicle technology in a high-traffic avenue in Panama City, Panama
Authors: Valdes-Montenegro Ana , Gonzalez-Olivardia Franchesca , Thepanondh Sarawut , Pinzon-Acosta Cesar
Published: May 2024

This study addresses the emissions from mobile sources in a busy avenue. Latest mobile emission inventories estimated pollutants based on fuel sales activities in the country. While this is an approved methodology, it does not consider the characteristics of vehicles and their emissions control systems. Applying the International Vehicle Emissions (IVE) model involves low costs, the vehicle fleet’s technology features, and the study region’s environmental parameters. The IVE model allows a better understanding of how vehicle technology impacts air quality. This study aims to generate information about vehicle emissions in Panama using a model that considers factors like vehicle technology, driving patterns, and local conditions, all of which influence air pollution in the region. The focuses are on passenger vehicles, the most common in the country, particularly in one of the densest districts. Carbon monoxide (CO), sulfates (SOx), nitrogen oxide (NO, and particulate matter (PMx) emissions were estimated with the IVE model, the first one stood out, represented 98% (6479.82 g/km) of the air pollutants emitted into the atmosphere by these four gases. Finally, it is established that the combination of emission control technologies and vehicle features is what will determine its emission reduction efficiency. Only in diesel vehicles, an increase in PMx emissions was identified.
Ibuprofen as an Emerging Contaminant of Concern: Occurrence in Southeast Asia Water Environment
Authors: Trianda Yenni , Adityosulindro Sandyanto , Moersidik Setyo Sarwanto
Published: May 2024

Ibuprofen is the third most salable pharmaceutical worldwide even being sold in the absence of prescription. This drug is not thoroughly metabolized and excreted into wastewater as an unchanged molecule and its metabolites. Conventional wastewater treatment plants are insufficient to remove ibuprofen, thus this substance ends up in the effluent of wastewater treatment systems and pollutes water bodies, soil, and other ecosystems. As an emerging contaminant, continuous discharge of ibuprofen has become a threat to the aquatic environment. However, studies of ibuprofen are predominantly concentrated in developed regions. The current status of ibuprofen in developing countries such as Southeast Asia region is unclear. This review aims to inform the current status of ibuprofen research in Southeast Asian countries, particularly focusing on the occurrence in the aquatic environment. This study would fill a considerable knowledge gap on ibuprofen in Southeast Asia and contribute to global knowledge development, including the need for future studies on issues unique to the region.
Assessment of phosphorus flow of canteen food waste in educational institutions in Bangkok area
Authors: Mokjatturas Sunatthiya , Chinwetkitvanich Sopa , Patthanaissaranukool Withida , Polprasert Chongchin , Polprasert Supawadee
Published: May 2024

This study was to investigate the occurrence of food waste in educational institutions and their current food waste management. Three educational institutions in Bangkok area were selected, and sampling were conducted for three days in a row for each institution. The results showed that the amount of food waste ranging from 20 to 198 kg/day, accounting of 40 – 90% of total waste. Most of food waste was eventually ended up in landfills. The phosphorus proportion of uncooked food waste (UCFW) was in the range of 0.09 – 0.29 mg P/g, while that of cooked food waste (CFW) was in the range of 0.53 – 0.76 mg P/g. Total phosphorus mass entering the waste management system was ranging from 8 to 141 g P/d, while loss of phosphorus was in the range of 1.5 – 13.5 g P/d. Under the composting scenario used in this study, the yield of fertilizer-like product ranged from 0.3 to 37.2 tons per year resulting in calculated cost saving as high as 391 USD per year. From this study, food waste separation was highly recommended to improve assessment of phosphorus flow and recovery. Expectation of phosphorus recovery for agricultural sector benefits should be prioritized.
Estimation of electrical energy consumed during the construction of residential houses in San Pedro Sula, Cortés, Honduras
Authors: Cruz Davila J. , Villatoro Flores H.
Published: May 2024

There are several technical and non-technical losses in the transmission and consumption of electrical energy in Honduras. Currently, the electrical energy consumed in the construction of residential houses is not charged. It is necessary to estimate the amount of electricity consumed at the time of construction of residential houses in order to be able to charge for it. In this research, permits to install meters and the collection of national data on construction areas were carried out. The installation of CL100 FM2 meters in each house. And from the data collected, a formula was generated using a scatter plot that related electrical energy consumption to square meters built. This formula was applied locally and nationally to calculate the electrical energy consumed and not billed. The research also revealed the millions that ENEE did not receive because the meters were not installed. This research will serve to estimate the calculation of the electric energy to be used for the construction of a residential house and thus be able to charge at the time of obtaining a construction permit.
Stellenwert der endomyokardialen Biopsie in der Diagnostik und Therapie der Kardiomyopathien
Authors: Schultheiss Heinz-Peter , Baumeier Christian
Published: May 2024

Kardiomyopathien sind eine der wesentlichen Ursachen einer progredienten Herzinsuffizienz. Aufgrund ihrer großen klinischen Relevanz sind neue Diagnoseverfahren von eminenter Bedeutung. Neben der häufigsten Ursache von Kardiomyopathien – myokardiale Entzündung und/oder Virusinfektion – können zahlreiche andere Faktoren wie metabolische, toxische, rheumatische, endokrine, infiltrative und genetische Faktoren an der Entstehung einer Herzmuskelerkrankung beteiligt sein. Da eine korrekte Diagnose mit nicht invasiven Methoden einschließlich moderner bildgebender Verfahren nicht möglich ist, stellt die Endomyokardbiopsie weiterhin den diagnostischen Goldstandard als Voraussetzung für eine kausale, spezifische und personalisierte Therapie dar.
Kardiomyopathie-Phänotypen – Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten in der Behandlung
Authors: Bittner Daniel , Raake Philip
Published: May 2024

Strukturelle und funktionelle Veränderungen des Herzmuskels definieren Kardiomyopathien, die sich bildmorphologisch in 5 verschiedene Phänotypen einteilen lassen. Aufgrund u. a. hämodynamischer Unterschiede der verschiedenen Phänotypen unterscheidet sich auch deren Therapie. So existieren für einige Kardiomyopathien spezielle medikamentöse Therapien, für andere hingegen stützt sich die Therapie auf eine unspezifische Herzinsuffizienztherapie. Allerdings gilt es, auch bei Letztgenannter, Unterschiede in der Behandlung zu beachten. Neben der medikamentösen Therapie können auch in Einzelfällen mithilfe einer kardialen Device-Therapie – wie z. B. der Schrittmachertherapie – positive Effekte erzielt werden, allerdings wiederum abhängig vom jeweiligen Phänotyp. Auch hinsichtlich der Primärprävention eines plötzlichen Herztods unterscheidet sich das Vorgehen, bei der neben der Phänotypisierung auch die Genotypisierung eine wichtige Rolle spielt. Diese Gründe bekräftigen die
Notwendigkeit der Differenzierung verschiedener Kardiomyopathien.
Clinical and Surgical Evaluation of Sentinel Node Biopsy in Patients with Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer and Atypical Hyperplasia
Authors: Pöschke Patrik , Gass Paul , Krückel Annika , Keller Katharina , Erber Ramona , Hartmann Arndt , Beckmann Matthias W. , Emons Julius
Published: May 2024

The medical and surgical treatment of endometrial cancer (EC) is evolving toward a more patient-centered and personalized approach. The role of laparoscopic sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for early-stage EC is unclear, and very few data are available for atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH). The present study investigated the effectiveness of SNB combined with laparoscopic hysterectomy in patients with early-stage EC and AEH.

This was a retrospective, single-center cohort study for the period from January 2018 to December 2023. A total of 102 patients with atypical hyperplasia (n = 20) and early-stage EC (n = 82) findings on diagnostic curettage underwent pelvic sentinel node biopsy during the final operation.

Eleven patients (55%) who had initially been diagnosed with AEH were found to have EC in the final pathology report. No lymph node metastases were detected in patients who had initially been diagnosed with AEH; a 3.6% rate of positive SNBs was found in patients with EC. Changes in tumor grade occurred in 31.3% of the patients and changes in FIGO stage in 33%. Bilateral sentinel node (SN) mapping was successful in 94.1% of the patients. The postoperative outcomes were comparable to those of routine clinical practice without SNB.

SNB can be safely offered to patients who have precursor lesions and early-stage EC without notably extending surgical times or increasing postoperative morbidity. This approach can be considered and is safe for patients diagnosed with AEH, but it appears to have a rather small impact on these patients.
Sleep Inertia als Herausforderung für die kommerzielle Luftfahrt
Authors: Fischer Dorothee , Benderoth Sibylle , Elmenhorst Eva-Maria
Published: May 2024

Neueste Entwicklungen in Technologie und Automatisierung lassen das kommerzielle Fliegen mit minimaler Besatzung, sog. extended Minimum Crew Operations (eMCOs), möglich erscheinen. In eMCOs hat während des Reiseflugs ein Pilot die Kontrolle (Pilot Flying), während der andere sich in einer Ruhephase befindet (Pilot Resting). In einem Notfall kann es passieren, dass der Pilot Resting aus dem Schlaf heraus die Kontrolle übernehmen muss. In diesem Fall steht er unter dem Einfluss von Sleep Inertia (zu Deutsch: Schlafträgheit), die das kognitive Leistungsvermögen stark beeinträchtigen kann. Es muss daher geprüft werden, inwiefern ein Pilot unter Sleep Inertia in der Lage ist, die an ihn gestellten Aufgaben sicher zu bearbeiten. In diesem Übersichtsartikel beleuchten wir Einflussfaktoren von Sleep Inertia; Herausforderungen, die Sleep Inertia an die Luftfahrt stellt; Studien zu kognitiven Leistungseinbußen durch Sleep Inertia bei Piloten; und potenzielle Gegenmaßnahmen.
Update Breast Cancer 2024 Part 1 – Expert Opinion on
Advanced Breast Cancer
Authors: Würstlein Rachel , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Fehm Tanja N. , Welslau Manfred , Schütz Florian , Fasching Peter A. , Janni Wolfgang , Witzel Isabell , Thomssen Christoph , Krückel Annika , Belleville Erik , Lüftner Diana , Untch Michael , Thill Marc , Hörner Manuel , Tesch Hans , Ditsch Nina , Lux Michael P. , Aktas Bahriye , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Taran Florin-Andrei , Wöckel Achim , Harbeck Nadia , Stickeler Elmar , Bartsch Rupert , Schneeweiss Andreas , Ettl Johannes , Krug David , Müller Volkmar
Published: May 2024

Clinical evidence is interpreted based on clinical studies and personal
experience which can lead to different interpretations of data. This makes the
opinions issued by panels of experts such as the Advanced Breast Cancer Panel
which convened in November 2023 for the seventh time (ABC7) particularly
important. At the conference, current issues around advanced breast cancer were
evaluated by an international team of experts.

In 2023 the data on CDK4/6 inhibitors was so extensive that the answers to
questions about the sequencing of therapy and the potential use of chemotherapy
as an alternative therapy were relatively clear. Moreover, data on antibody drug
conjugates which provides a good overview of their uses is available for all
molecular subtypes.

Some therapeutic settings, including patients with brain metastases or
leptomeningeal disease, older patients, locally advanced breast cancer and
visceral crises, continue to be particularly important and were discussed in
structured sessions. The scientific context of some of the topics discussed at
ABC7 is presented and assessed here.
Anomalies of Midbrain/Hindbrain Development and Related Disabilities: Pontocerebellar Hypoplasia, Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation, and Cerebellar Hemisphere Hypoplasia
Authors: Gulino Alessandro , Dierna Federica , Zanghì Antonio , Vecchio Michele , Salafia Stefania , Marino Francesco , Foti Pietro , Belfiore Giuseppe , Basile Antonio , Ruggieri Martino , Polizzi Agata
Published: May 2024

Recent progress in developmental biology, molecular genetics, and neuroimaging has enabled a more profound comprehension of developmental disorders affecting the embryonic midbrain and hindbrain, which manifest clinically. The purpose of this review is to describe anomalies of the midbrain/hindbrain such as pontocerebellar hypoplasia (PCH), congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG), cerebellar hemisphere hypoplasia. PCH is a group of disorders that is both clinically and genetically diverse. These disorders are identified by the hypoplasia and degeneration of the cerebellum and ventral pons. A total of 18 distinct clinical subtypes of PCH, each linked to pathogenic variants in 19 different genes, have been documented, like mutations in TSEN54 (coding a subunit of tRNA splicing endonucleases complex) and TBC1D23 which display moderate-to-severe intellectual disability (ID) and microcephaly. CDG represent a set of inherited conditions marked by impaired glycosylation of proteins and lipids. The most prevalent subtype among CDG is PMM2-CDG, inherited in a recessive manner, causing reduced activity of phosphomannomutase. Its phenotype varies from mild to severe, involving the central nervous system and affecting many other organs as well. Patients who are severely affected also exhibit visceral symptoms alongside severe ID and other neurological manifestations. Cerebellar hypoplasia (CH) is characterized by a cerebellum of diminished volume while maintaining its shape. CH exhibits a diverse range of neuroradiologic features, etiologies, clinical characteristics, and neurodevelopmental involvement. Cerebello–oculo–facio–genital syndrome is linked to a recessive MAB21L1 mutation. Jubert's syndrome, associated with a rare autosomal recessive mutation, is identified on magnetic resonance imaging by cerebellar worm hypoplasia and midbrain malformations. The rhombencephalosynapsis, characterized by vermian agenesis or hypogenesis with the fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, emerges during embryogenesis. It can manifest alone or in conjunction with other and/or extracerebral abnormalities.
Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy plant health surveys: over thirty years of a globally unique on- and off-shore solution to island nation biosecurity challenges
Authors: Davis Richard I. , Jones Lynne M. , Vala Harshitsinh A. , Pease Bradley , Cann David , Kokoa Pere , Tsatsia Francis T.
Published: May 2024

As the Northern Australia Quarantine Strategy (NAQS) approaches its thirty-fifth year of operations, we outline the Australian Government’s approach to address extraordinary natural and human mediated biosecurity challenges across our sparsely populated northern shores. NAQS is a concept that is unique worldwide but could be equally well applied in many other island nations dealing with similar circumstances. Key to the success of the NAQS has been long collaborations with biosecurity scientists in the neighbouring nations to the north. Some examples of how these relationships have borne fruit as we tackle regionally important plant diseases are illustrated. We also focus on how the plant pathology component of the program developed and evolved from the early 1990s to 2023.
PVDF–HFP@Nafion-based quasisolid polymer electrolyte for high migration number in working rechargeable Na–O
2
batteries
Authors: He Xin , Ni Youxuan , Ma Wenjiao , Zhang Qiu , Hao Zhenkun , Hou Yunpeng , Li Haixia , Yan Zhenhua , Zhang Kai , Chen Jun
Published: May 2024

Rechargeable sodium-oxygen (Na–O
2
) battery is deemed as a promising high-energy storage device due to the abundant sodium resources and high theoretical energy density (1,108 Wh kg
–1
). A series of quasisolid electrolytes are constantly being designed to restrain the dendrites growth, the volatile and leaking risks of liquid electrolytes due to the open system of Na–O
2
batteries. However, the ticklish problem about low operating current density for quasisolid electrolytes still hasn’t been conquered. Herein, we report a rechargeable Na–O
2
battery with polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene recombination Nafion (PVDF–HFP@Nafion) based quasisolid polymer electrolyte (QPE) and MXene-based Na anode with gradient sodiophilic structure (M-GSS/Na). QPE displays good flame resistance, locking liquid and hydrophobic properties. The introduction of Nafion can lead to a high Na
+
migration number (
t
Na
+
= 0.68) by blocking the motion of anion and promote the formation of NaF-rich solid electrolyte interphase, resulting in excellent cycling stability at relatively high current density under quasisolid environment. In the meantime, the M-GSS/Na anode exhibits excellent dendrite inhibition ability and cycling stability. Therefore, with the synergistic effect of QPE and M-GSS/Na, constructed Na–O
2
batteries run more stably and exhibit a low potential gap (0.166 V) after an initial 80 cycles at 1,000 mA g
–1
and 1,000 mAh g
–1
. This work provides the reference basis for building quasisolid state Na–O
2
batteries with long-term cycling stability.
NAD activates olfactory receptor 1386 to regulate type I interferon responses in
Plasmodium yoelii
YM infection
Authors: Peng Yu-chih , Wu Jian , He Xiao , Dai Jin , Xia Lu , Valenzuela-Leon Paola , Tumas Keyla C. , Singh Brajesh K. , Xu Fangzheng , Ganesan Sundar , Munir Shirin , Calvo Eric , Huang Ruili , Liu Chengyu , Long Carole A. , Su Xin-zhuan
Published: May 2024

Olfactory receptors (Olfr) are G protein–coupled receptors that are normally expressed on olfactory sensory neurons to detect volatile chemicals or odorants. Interestingly, many Olfrs are also expressed in diverse tissues and function in cell–cell recognition, migration, and proliferation as well as immune responses and disease processes. Here, we showed that many Olfr genes were expressed in the mouse spleen, linked to
Plasmodium yoelii
genetic loci significantly, and/or had genome-wide patterns of LOD scores (GPLSs) similar to those of host Toll-like receptor genes. Expression of specific Olfr genes such as
Olfr1386
in HEK293T cells significantly increased luciferase signals driven by IFN-β and NF-κB promoters, with elevated levels of phosphorylated TBK1, IRF3, P38, and JNK. Mice without Olfr1386 were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 method, and the

Olfr1386
−/−

mice showed significantly lower IFN-α/β levels and longer survival than wild-type (WT) littermates after infection with
P. yoelii
YM parasites. Inhibition of G protein signaling and P38 activity could affect cyclic AMP-responsive element promoter-driven luciferase signals and IFN-β mRNA levels in HEK293T cells expressing the Olfr1386 gene, respectively. Screening of malaria parasite metabolites identified nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) as a potential ligand for Olfr1386, and NAD could stimulate IFN-β responses and phosphorylation of TBK1 and STAT1/2 in RAW264.7 cells. Additionally, parasite RNA (pRNA) could significantly increase
Olfr1386
mRNA levels. This study links multiple Olfrs to host immune response pathways, identifies a candidate ligand for Olfr1386, and demonstrates the important roles of Olfr1386 in regulating type I interferon (IFN-I) responses during malaria parasite infections.
Asymptotics of the sticky particles evolution
Authors: Hynd Ryan , Tudorascu Adrian
Published: May 2024

We study the long-time asymptotic behavior of the Sticky Particles dynamics on the real line. The time average of the Sticky Particles Lagrangian map has a limit which arises as a general property of projections onto closed convex cones in Hilbert spaces. More notably, we prove that the map itself has an asymptotic limit in the case where the sticky particles dynamics is confined to a compact set.
Static sphere observers and geodesics in Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime
Authors: Faruk Mir Mehedi , Morvan Edward , van der Schaar Jan Pieter
Published: May 2024

We analyze null- and spacelike radial geodesics in Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime connecting two conjugate static sphere observers, i.e. free-falling observers at a fixed radius in between the two horizons. We explicitly determine the changes in the causal structure with respect to these natural observers as a result of the inward bending of the black hole singularity, as well as the outward bending of asymptotic infinity. Notably, the inward and outward bending changes as a function of the black hole mass, first increasing towards a maximum and then decreasing to vanish in the extreme Nariai limit. For a generic mass of the black hole this implies the existence of finite size (temporal) windows for the presence of symmetric radial geodesics between the static sphere observers probing the interior region of the black hole, as well as the exterior de Sitter region. We determine the size of the interior (black hole) and exterior (de Sitter) temporal windows in 4, 5 and 6 spacetime dimensions, finding that they are equal in D = 5, and compute the proper lengths of the symmetric radial geodesics. We comment on the implications for information exchange and the potential role of the symmetric radial geodesics in a geodesic approximation of static sphere correlators in Schwarzschild-de Sitter spacetime.
Energetic particles transport in constants of motion space due to collisions in tokamak plasmas
Authors: Meng Guo , Lauber Philipp , Lu Zhixin , Bergmann Andreas , Schneider Mireille
Published: May 2024

The spatio-temporal evolution of the energetic particles in the transport time scale in tokamak plasmas is a key issue of the plasmas confinement, especially in burning plasmas. In order to include sources and sinks and collisional slowing down processes, a new solver, ATEP-3D was implemented to simulate the evolution of the energetic particle (EP) distribution in the three-dimensional constants of motion (CoM) space. The Fokker–Planck collision operator represented in the CoM space is derived and numerically calculated. The collision coefficients are averaged over the unperturbed orbits to capture the fundamental properties of EPs. ATEP-3D is fully embedded in ITER IMAS framework and combined with the LIGKA/HAGIS codes. The finite volume method and the implicit Crank-Nicholson scheme are adopted due to their optimal numerical properties for transport time scale studies. ATEP-3D allows the analysis of the particle and power balance with the source and sink during the transport process to evaluate the EP confinement properties.
Investigating the impact of initial parameters on autonomous robot swarm movement strategies for enhanced exploration efficiency: a comprehensive study
Authors: Karadağ Kübra , Tamer Özgür
Published: May 2024

Swarm robots are frequently preferred for the exploration of harsh environments and search and rescue operations. This study explores the factors that influence the movement strategies of autonomous robot swarms and their impact on swarm distribution in the field, employing simulation-based analysis. The research consists of two parts: initially, robots undergo free-fall as passive entities, followed by a phase where they employ predefined movement strategies from their fall positions. The study aims to investigate how the initial position and related parameters affect movement characteristics and the ultimate swarm distribution. To achieve this objective, four parameters-radius, height, mass, and the Coefficient of Restitution-were identified, each assigned three different values. The study observes the effects of these parameters on robot motion, considering motion strategies such as Random Walk, Levy Walk, Markov Process, and Brownian Motion. Results indicate that increasing parameter values induce changes in the position values of the free-falling swarm in the first part, which is the initial position for the second part, influencing movement strategies in diverse ways. The outcomes are analyzed concerning the radial and angular spread of the robots. Radial spread measures how far swarm elements spread from their initial positions, while angular spread indicates how homogeneously the robots are distributed according to the polar angle. The study comprehensively investigates how the movement strategies of autonomous robot swarms are impacted by parameters and how these effects manifest in the results. The findings are anticipated to enhance the effective utilization of autonomous robot swarms in exploration missions.
The Kondo effect in the quantum XX spin chain
Authors: Kattel Pradip , Tang Yicheng , Pixley J H , Andrei Natan
Published: May 2024

We investigate the boundary phenomena that arise in a finite-size XX spin chain interacting through an XX interaction with a spin

−

1
2

impurity located at its edge. Upon Jordan–Wigner transformation, the model is described by a quadratic Fermionic Hamiltonian. Our work displays, within this ostensibly simple model, the emergence of the Kondo effect, a quintessential hallmark of strongly correlated physics. We also show how the Kondo cloud shrinks and turns into a single particle bound state as the impurity coupling increases beyond a critical value. In more detail, using both Bethe Ansatz and exact diagonalization techniques, we show that the local moment of the impurity is screened by different mechanisms depending on the ratio of the boundary and bulk coupling

J

imp

J

. When the ratio falls below the critical value

2

, the impurity is screened via the Kondo effect. However, when the ratio between the coupling exceeds the critical value

2

an exponentially localized bound mode is formed at the impurity site which screens the spin of the impurity in the ground state. We show that the boundary phase transition is reflected in local ground state properties by calculating the spinon density of states, the magnetization at the impurity site in the presence of a global magnetic field, and the finite temperature susceptibility of the impurity. We find that the spinon density of states in the Kondo phase has the characteristic Lorentzian peak that moves from the Fermi level to the maximum energy of the spinon as the impurity coupling is increased and becomes a localized bound mode in the bound mode phase. Moreover, the impurity magnetization and the finite temperature impurity susceptibility behave differently in the two phases. When the boundary coupling

J

imp

exceeds the critical value

2

J

, the model is no longer boundary conformal invariant as a massive bound mode appears at the impurity site.
Defining Wellness-Focused Design for Rural Tourism: Study Case of Penanggungan Village
Authors: Sunarya W , Avenzoar A , Utomo H P
Published: May 2024

Rural tourism has great potential in enhancing the local welfare in Indonesia regions. It offers natural environment and authentic experience for tourists in improving health and wellbeing. Architectural design can play an important role to promote wellness in rural tourism as a branding strategy. Healthy design guidelines are required to enhance healthy benefits of rural living without neglecting the local culture and identity. Thus, wellness-focused design of tourism village should consider contextual aspects aligned with vernacular design principles. This study investigates how rural tourism can promote wellness through architectural design ideation considering vernacular principles. It aims to formulate wellness-focused design concept of tourism village based on a case study of Penanggungan village, Mojokerto, Indonesia. Literature study was carried out to conceptualize the basic design concepts of healthy rural tourism. Field observations and interviews were also conducted to contextualize the findings from literature study. This study produces design principles for developing healthy tourism village: (1) Healthy Product as a core of agrotourism, (2) Healthy Environment signifying attachment on nature, (3) Healthy Lifestyle reflecting the enjoyment of simple rural life, and (4) Healthy image as an icon representing healthy rural life. The implementation of these design principles is also discussed.
Study of space configuration in the Directorate Building of Politeknik Negeri Pontianak using the space syntax analysis approach
Authors: Sari D P , Kurniadi F , Wibowo T , Bayu C
Published: May 2024

The Directorate Building is an essential component of every university. Apart from operating as a management area, it helps users, particularly employees and students, in their spatial functions. A neglected space plan might lead to insufficient spatial connection. The purpose of this study is to examine the spatial arrangement of the Directorate Building at Politeknik Negeri Pontianak and the extent to which it affects the movement of users inside it. The research used qualitative, with the qualitative method describing the present building’s performance and assessing its intelligibility using depthmap software. The results show that the ideal spatial design is on the third level of the building, with an intelligibility score of 0.693598. It is found that the corridors tend to make the surrounding spaces more private. In terms of territorial zoning, the zoning on the third floor is well suited, resulting in higher configuration value compared to other floors.
Relation between renovation and space density of small-type house in a row house pattern
Authors: Mawantu I M S S Y , Iskandaria H , Pakpahan C A A , Fasya N N
Published: May 2024

Small type houses answer the need for residential housing in sub-urban areas. The increasing price of land and the affordability of buyers has encouraged the production of small type residential houses to increase. Small type residential houses have a land area of ≥ 90 m2 and a building area of ≥ 36 m2. However, small type residential houses do not fully answer space needs. Small residential houses tend to undergo renovation to meet space needs. This research uses quantitative descriptive methods. This research aims to formulate a pattern for renovating small residential houses using the case study of the Jasmine Cluster, Sawangan, Depok. This research is necessary considering that during the pandemic, homes are the safest areas for quarantine and as a means of self-isolation for those who are infected. The pandemic event has become a valuable lesson, especially for getting a healthy home. Efforts to fill the space in small type houses in the Jasmine Cluster are carried out by renovating the houses vertically and horizontally. The development was carried out because the existing space does not meet needs. Factors that influence the development of this residence are the number of family members and other rooms that are not provided by developers of small type residences. The density levels before and after renovation show significant changes, and become alternative solutions (quarantine and isolation) as a response to future pandemics.
Behavior and comfort during floor usage in gathering activities on Indonesia apartments
Authors: Erwindi C , Kondo K , Asawa T
Published: May 2024

In response to the development in housing needs, human habits and behavior inside the house have a decisive role, and changes in preference from landed houses to vertical houses should be considered. In correlation with body contact, every activity will involve attachment to a horizontal surface (floor surface), and the vertical surface will impact the surrounding area of human thermal comfort. In a tropical climate like Indonesia, climate, internal space, and the human body are essential interrelated things. Associated with the thermal comfort needs of the human body, direct transfer of thermal conditions and direct contact with the surface will also affect the comfort of living every day in the residential area, represented by the behavior of Indonesians in floor usage for daily activities. This part of the research will focus on describing the behavior in horizontal surface usage and comfort, for which data is collected by using multiple types of questions, such as subjective assessment questionnaires and followed by cluster analysis, to comprehend the result.
Taguchi analysis on finite element results to identify the most influential parameters on stresses after impact-damage
Authors: Arcieri E V , Baragetti S
Published: May 2024

Impact-damage can reduce the fatigue life of mechanical components as a consequence of premature crack growth due to the occurrence of high residual stresses. In this work, finite element analyses were conducted to evaluate the residual stresses in a 7075-T6 aluminium hourglass specimen for various impact cases. The Taguchi method was applied to the finite element results to identify which parameters most influence the residual stresses in the specimen. The outcomes showed that the impact speed is the most influential factor for axial stresses, followed by the material and the size of the impacting object. The factor that most affects the von Mises stresses is the object size followed by its material and the impact speed.
Preliminary study of the multi—physics design for the support structure of LEM—X space mission
Authors: Lombardi G. , Evangelista Y. , Biancolini M. E.
Published: May 2024

In this modern space exploration era, the lunar site offers new opportunities such as the deployment of an X—ray observatory capable of observing half of the sky simultaneously, but also may allowing access to the entire solid angle by exploiting the rotation of the moon around its own axis.

The Lunar Electromagnetic Monitor in X—rays (LEM—X) is an All Sky Monitor for the X—ray band (2–50 keV) based on the concept of coded aperture camera. The basic element is the camera of the Wide Field Monitor and the concept is to realize a ”dome” composed of N identical modules that observe different directions, thus covering an overall simultaneous field of view of 2π in the sky. In this paper, we describe the preliminary study of a support structure for that camera, the design solutions adopted for the most important thermo—mechanical drivers, which have been elaborated and used for the demonstration of compliance to the system requirements with the environment. In particular, we reported some different thermal and mechanical scenario of this preliminary structure and the optimization of critical components with innovative and accurate fem analysis.
Assessment of different forecasting strategies for the breaking load resistance in notched specimens 3d-printed in PLA using additive manufacturing (FFF) technology
Authors: Morettini G. , Palmieri M. , Cianetti F. , Braccesi C.
Published: May 2024

The introduction of fused deposition modelling in the industrial sector to produce functional components in thermoplastic materials, such as PLA, requires knowledge of the performance limits of such elements during the design phase. Predicting the breaking load resistance of notched specimens is essential to evaluate the mechanical performance of components manufactured using this technology. This study compares different methodologies based on the critical distance criterion (TCD) for predicting the static breaking strength of printed notched specimens made with Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) technology using PLA material. Specimens with different topologies of V-notches were printed according to a standardized configuration. Various analysis techniques were applied to determine the breaking strength of each specimen. By comparing the results obtained with experimental data to assess their accuracy and reliability, it has been demonstrated that these methodologies, coupled with the concept of equivalent elastic material (EMC), can be useful for predicting static breaking load.
Integration of Piezoresistive Sensors into AM Structural Components: Evaluation of Sensor Properties and Its Impact on Component Mechanical Performance
Authors: Staffa A. , Palmieri M. , Morettini G. , Cianetti F. , Braccesi C.
Published: May 2024

Additive manufacturing (AM) technology has experienced significant growth in recent years, opening new prospects across various sectors, from biomedicine to aerospace. Among these, the Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing technology, which deposits material layer by layer, enables the integration of piezoelectric material during the printing process, thereby allowing for the creation of sensors within thermoplastic components. Such sensors have the potential to monitor and detect various internal physical parameters within the component at locations inaccessible to traditional sensors. In this field, scientific research is continuously advancing, primarily aimed at developing sensors with high performance.

In this context, the objective of this study is to assess the measurement properties, both static and dynamic, of sensors produced using this technology and to evaluate the influence on the static and dynamic behavior of the component caused by the incorporation of these sensors within the component itself.
Vulnerability-driven multi-objective topological optimization of aircraft protections
Authors: Annunziata Salvatore , Lomazzi Luca , Giglio Marco , Manes Andrea
Published: May 2024

Enhancing the survivability of platforms is paramount for increasing their safety level and limiting the loss of lives. This is particularly important in the military field, where aircraft vulnerability has been studied for decades through specifically developed frameworks. So far, most of the contributions have focused on improving the accuracy of methods for assessing the vulnerability to ballistic projectiles, mainly by advancing our understanding of the penetration of the threat through the components of the platform. Although state-of-the-art solutions allow conducting accurate assessments, the information provided by such methods has not been fully exploited yet for automatically designing corrective solutions and improving the survivability of platforms. For this reason, this work proposes a vulnerability-driven multi-objective topological optimization algorithm for designing protective surfaces. A genetic algorithm is used to describe the Pareto front delimiting the space of solutions characterized by optimal vulnerability and weight. The number of clusters that constitute the protections proposed by the optimization algorithm is minimized by adopting a spatial filter that penalizes fragmented designs. The framework is demonstrated through a case study involving a portion of a realistic remotely piloted aircraft system impacted by ballistic projectiles.