bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic value of Doppler Resistive Index in the differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions
Authors:   Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China, Dong Yi , Wang Wen-Ping ,   Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Ignee Andre ,   Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, Julius-Spital Würzburg, Germany, Zuo Dan ,   Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Qiu Yi-Jie ,   Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Zhang Qi ,   Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Lu Xiu-Yun ,   Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Chen Sheng ,   Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China, Dietrich Christoph Frank ,   Department General Internal Medicine, Hirslanden Clinics Beau-Site, Salem and Permancence, Bern, Switzerland
Published: May 2023

Aim: To investigate the diagnostic value of resistance index (RI) in differentiating focal liver lesions. Patients and methods: In this retrospective study, a total of 576 patients with histologically confirmed focal liver lesions were included. Each patient underwent B-mode ultrasound examination and color Doppler ultrasound examination. The RI values of different focal liver lesions were recorded and compared. Results: The mean RI value of benign lesions was significantly lower than that of malignant lesions (0.54 ± 0.10 vs. 0.71 ± 0.12) (p <0.05). In malignant lesions, the RI value of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was significantly lower than that of hepatocellular carcinoma lesions. Furthermore, in hepatocellular carcinoma lesions, the RI of large lesions (group 4: >10 cm) was significantly lower than that of small lesions (group 1: ≤2 cm, group 2: 2–5 cm) (p <0.05). Taken RI of 0.615 as a cutoff value to differentiate malignant and benign lesions, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 82.80%, 81.00%, 81.34% and 82.48%, respectively. Conclusion: Color Doppler ultrasound examination is a valuable imaging method in detecting blood flow signal within liver lesions. The RI parameter should be helpful in differentiating malignant and benign liver tumors.
Portal vein congestion index in patients with and without chronic liver disease
Authors:   Department of Radiology, Delta State University, Abraka and Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria, Ogholoh Oghenetejiri Denise , Zaccheus Akintunde Oluwaseunayo ,   Department of Radiology, Lagoon Hospitals, Ikeja, Lagos State, Nigeria, Ikubor Joyce Ekeme ,   Department of Radiology, Delta State University, Abraka and Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria, Nwafor Nkem Nnenna ,   Department of Radiology, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, Idowu Bukunmi Michael ,   Department of Radiology, Union Diagnostics and Clinical Services Plc, Yaba, Lagos State, Nigeria, Ogholoh Gregory Iremhien ,   Internal Medicine, Delta State University Teaching Hospital, Oghara, Delta State, Nigeria
Published: May 2023

Aim of the study: Portal vein congestion index has shown promise in detecting early portal venous hemodynamic changes in chronic liver disease. The aim of this study was to compare the portal vein congestion index of adult patients with chronic liver disease to that of healthy controls, and to evaluate the differences in portal vein congestion index, if any, between the common etiologies of chronic liver disease (chronic viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). Method and materials: Eighty participants with chronic liver disease and 80 healthy controls had their sociodemographic variables, anthropometric indices, liver size/echotexture, spleen size, presence of ascites, and portal vein parameters (diameter, cross-sectional area, velocity, and congestion index) evaluated. P ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were 48 (60%) males and 32 (40%) females in the control group, while 56 (70%) males and 24 (30%) females were included in the chronic liver disease group (p = 0.185). Of the eighty people with chronic liver disease, 57 (71.2%) were diagnosed with alcoholic liver disease, while 23 (28.8%) were diagnosed with chronic viral hepatitis. There were no cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease during the study period. The mean liver spans of the control and chronic liver disease groups were 13.45 ± 0.85 cm and 16.50 ± 4.96 cm, respectively. All the controls had normal hepatic parenchymal echogenicity, while 45 (56.3%) subjects with chronic liver disease (36 alcoholic liver disease and 9 chronic viral hepatitis) had increased hepatic echogenicity. The mean values of the portal vein congestion index for the control and chronic liver disease groups were 0.0775 ± 0.02 cm/sec and 0.1037 ± 0.03 cm/sec, respectively (p <0.0001). Conclusion: The chronic liver disease group showed a significantly higher mean portal vein congestion index than the control group.
Maxillofacial inflammations visualized with ultrasonography. Description of the imaging features and literature review based on a characteristic case series
Authors:   Oral Surgery, Implant Surgery and Radiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Delantoni Antigoni , Sarafopoulos Apostolos ,   Department of Clinical Radiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Giannouli Natalia ,   Department of Clinical Radiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Rafailidis Vasileios ,   Department of Clinical Radiology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Published: May 2023

Objectives: Inflammations of the maxillofacial regions are a frequent occurrence. They areusually of odontogenic origin, but maxillofacial swelling could also have non-odontogenic causes. Their clinical presentation is worrisome for the patient, presenting as swellings of the region with rapid and significant expansion to adjacent areas due to the thin and delicate nature of the regional soft tissues. Materials and methods: The characteristic features are discussed upon the presentation of a case series of the most common types of inflammation seen in the region. Results: In most hospital emergency departments, ultrasound scanning is readily accessible, and typically constitutes the first-line imaging modality for this entity. Nevertheless, the role of ultrasound imaging is limited in cases with deep extension of the inflammation, where crosssectional imaging with CT or MRI will be the modality of choice. This manuscript aims to present the characteristic features of various inflammatory conditions of the maxillofacial area seen on ultrasonography. Conclusions: Even though maxillofacial inflammations are often treated without imaging in their initial phase, ultrasound can provide aninexpensive, easy-to-use, and readily available alternative that best visualizes the characteristics and expansion patterns of the lesions, based on their origin and area of initial presentation.
Considerations about the multidimensional evaluation of a stab wound tibial neuropathy: a case report
Authors:   Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Italy, Antenucci Pietro , Carlucci Domenico ,   Division of Neurology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy, Pugliatti Maura ,   Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Italy, Lucchetta Marta ,   Division of Neurology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Rovigo, Italy
Published: May 2023

We present a rare case of a traumatic lesion of the tibial fibers of the sciatic nerve with spared peroneal fibers. A 33-year-old victim of a three month earlier stabbing attack came to our attention with gait impairment and weakened left foot plantar flexion and left foot internal rotation and supination. Based upon clinical signs and neurophysiological investigations we suspected that a traumatic injury of the left tibial nerve had occurred. Ultrasound examination detected a lesion of part of the left sciatic nerve, in a different site than expected. The patient was immediately enlisted for a tailored surgical reconstruction.
Gamification in foreign language teaching: A conceptual introduction
Authors: Szabó Fruzsina , Kopinska Marta
Published: May 2023

Over the past few years, the concept of gamification has gained increased attention in foreign language teaching research as it demonstrates potential to promote motivation and learner engagement. The authors of the paper believe that gamification can become an innovative and promising tool to help students overcome their motivational difficulties. When it comes to language learning and teaching, one of the major issues to be tackled is the differences among students in terms of academic achievement. Applying gamification in the field of education profoundly supports the process of teaching and learning by creating a supportive environment, which is reinforcing and enables individual progress. One specific feature of gamification is that it breaks down learning into elements, similarly to motivation theory, where goals are not uncommonly divided into subgoals. It also includes applying the characteristics of games, and implementing these in real-world situations, while generating specific behaviours within the gamified situation. The most important benefit of using gamification in language teaching is that it provides differentiation. Learners can progress at their own pace, their assessment is individualised, their motivation is strongly influenced by their own skills and abilities that are reinforced by gamification itself. As the process of learning meets the individual’s needs, differentiation can be brought about. This paper highlights the most important outcomes of research into gamification in language learning, while exploring its underlying principles in the field of motivation.
Biológiai terápia a felső légúti gyulladásos betegségekben: az endotípus-alapú megközelítés a krónikus rhinosinusitis kezelésében
Authors: Hirschberg Andor
Published: May 2023

A T2-es endotípussal jellemezhető kétoldali, orrpolyposissal járó krónikus
rhinosinusitis nehezen kezelhető, a konvencionális gyógyszeres és műtéti
terápiára rezisztens formája tartósan nem kontrollált tünetekkel jár együtt. A
páciensek életminősége, napi aktivitása és alvásminősége tartósan és súlyos
fokban károsodott. Az elmúlt évtizedek tüneti, kóroki, műtéti, általános
gyulladáscsökkentő (szisztémás szteroid) kezelési formái nem nyújtottak kellően
hatékony megoldást a refrakter krónikus rhinosinusitis kezelésében. A
meghatározó effektorsejteket és mediátormolekulákat blokkoló humanizált
monoklonális antitest-terápia minőségi javulást eredményezett ezen a területen.
A biológiai terápia a többi T2-es szervi manifesztációt is kiválóan
befolyásolja, így további életminőség-javulást jelent, és egyben költséghatékony
eljárás. A szerző összefoglalja a patogenetikai és klinikai alapismereteket, az
elérhető és indikált biológiai gyógyszereket, a legújabb terápiás evidenciákat,
valamint a kezdeti hazai tapasztalatokat. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(18): 694–701.
Evaluation of the Functional Properties and Safety of Enterocin-producing Enterococcus faecium BT29.11 Isolated from Turkish Beyaz Cheese and its Inhibitory Activity against Listeria monocytogenes in UHT Whole Milk
Authors: Toplu Melike Seda , Tuncer Banu Özden
Published: May 2023

The goal of this research was to evaluate the functional properties and safety of antilisterial Enterococcus faecium BT29.11 isolated from Turkish Beyaz cheese. E. faecium BT29.11 showed the highest inhibitory activity against Listeria monocytogenes, followed by Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. E. faecium BT29.11 was identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and genus- and species-specific PCR. The entA, entB, and entX structural genes were detected in E. faecium BT29.11. It was determined that the BT29.11 strain was a slow acid producer and did not show extracellular proteolytic and lipolytic activity. E. faecium BT29.11 demonstrated good probiotic properties. E. faecium BT29.11 was found to be ɣ-hemolytic, gelatinase-negative, and susceptible to clinically important antibiotics. Only ermC and acm were detected in the BT29.11 strain. E. faecium BT29.11 decreased the growth of L. monocytogenes in ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk. The findings of this research indicated that E. faecium BT29.11, an antilisterial strain, might be employed as a probiotic adjunct culture in fermented food products.
Analgesia and Sedation in Newborns with Long-Term Mechanical Ventilation
Authors: Shestak Evgenii V. , Kovtun Olga P.
Published: May 2023

Relevant data on drugs used for analgesia and sedation in newborns in the intensive care units during mechanical ventilation is presented. The overview of studies on the most common sedatives and analgesics (opioids, acetaminophen, ketamine, midazolam, dexmedetomidine, propofol) is provided. Analysis of their efficacy and risk of short-term and long-term adverse effects is presented, including those associated with the child’s nervous system development. The use of drugs both as monotherapy and in combination with other medications for analgesia and sedation is being discussed.
Aortic Isthmus Retrograde Blood Flow in Intrauterine Child as a Sign of the Terminal Stage of Placental Dysfunction: Clinical Observation
Authors: Normuradova Nodira M.
Published: May 2023

Background. Aortic isthmus retrograde blood flow in intrauterine children with growth delay and centralization of blood circulation in the late stages of placental dysfunction is associated with a high risk of perinatal death. Timely diagnosis of such condition is crucial to select further obstetric tactics and delivery time. Clinical case description. Growth delay and absent end-diastolic flow in umbilical artery and no A-wave in the venous duct were diagnosed in intrauterine child (gestational age — 36 weeks) at ultrasound study. Peripheral resistance indices in middle cerebral artery in the intrauterine child were lower than peripheral resistance indices in umbilical artery. Color Doppler imaging has revealed aortic isthmus retrograde blood flow. The woman was recommended delivery due to critical circulatory disorder in the intrauterine child. Female child was delivered via Caesarean section, child’s weight — 890 g, APGAR score — 3/4. The newborn girl died due to multi-organ failure within the first day.

Conclusion. Revealing the retrograde blood flow in intrauterine child in the aortic isthmus throughout the entire ventricular diastole is an unfavorable prognostic sign of the terminal stage of cerebral blood flow disturbance associated with placental dysfunction.
Infravesical Obstruction in a Boy with Orthotopic Ureterocele: Clinical Case
Authors: Bebenina Anastasia A. , Mokrushina Olga G. , Levitskaya Marina V. , Shumikhin Vasiliy S. , Erokhina Nadezhda N.
Published: May 2023

Background. Ureterocele is a cystic dilatation of the distal ureter. Orthotopic ureterocele is relatively rare form of this disease, and it is commonly diagnosed in female children. The clinical picture of orthotopic ureterocele is usually not significant, and the management variants are unclear. Clinical case description. Ultrasound has revealed dilatation in the distal part of the left ureter (up to 6.5 mm) and cyst formation (diameter of 8 mm, thick walls) in the bladder in 8-months-old boy. The retrograde voiding cystourethrogram has shown no signs of vesicoureteral reflux. The evaluation of the voiding rhythm was performed: the volume of residual urine was > 30%, it indicates the infravesical obstruction. The child underwent diagnostic cystourethroscopy, transurethral resection of the ureterocele, intubation ureteral catheter in the left ureter (all procedures was performed under general anesthesia). There were no enlargements of calices-pelvis system and ureters 12 months after surgery according to urinary system ultrasound. Clinical urine test with no inflammatory changes. Voiding rhythm was without pathology.

Conclusion. The widespread implementation of high-tech and minimally invasive methods of diagnosis and management allow us to achieve timely detection and provide effective treatment for children with ureterocele.
Effectiveness of apabetalone and some other indirect epigenetic-oriented drugs in the treatment of heart failure
Authors: Aitbaev K. A. , Murkamilov I. T. , Fomin V. V. , Murkamilova Zh. A. , Kudaibergenova I. O. , Yusupov F. A.
Published: May 2023

Epigenetic therapy for cardiovascular disease (CVD) has received increased attention from the medical community in recent years. Evidence of this is the fact that more and more controlled clinical trials evaluate the beneficial effects of: 1) direct epigenetic drugs, for example, apabetalone, and 2) repurposed drugs with possible indirect epigenetic action, for example, metformin, statins, sodium-glucose transport protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in CVD, including heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Apabetalone is the first and unique direct-acting epigenetic drug tested in patients with CVD, and the BETonMACE study showed a reduction in first hospitalization for HF (at any EF) and CVD mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and recent acute coronary syndrome, suggesting a possible role for this drug in secondary prevention. Patients with HFpEF appear to benefit from the addition of metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors to standard statin therapy due to their ability to reduce the death risk. In contrast, hydralazine with or without isosorbide dinitrate produced no beneficial effects. In HFrEF, metformin and SGLT2 inhibitors may reduce the risk of HF and death, while clinical trials with statins have mixed results. PUFA supplementation was associated with a significant reduction in car­diovascular risk in both HFrEF and HFpEF. However, definitive data on the benefits of direct and indirect epigenetic therapy for CVD can only be obtained from large clinical trials in the future. The purpose of this review was to provide updated information on epigenetic therapy for CVD obtained from clinical trials.
Quality and availability of health care for patients with cardiovascular diseases. Results of sociological research
Authors: Glezer M. G. , Polyarnaya N. G. , Fomina T. A. , Vlasov Ya. V. , Babkova N. V.
Published: May 2023

Aim. Based on the results of a sociological survey of patients, to assess quality and availability of health care for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in 2020-2021 in the Russian Federation.

Material and methods. In August-September 2021, 5159 patients with CVDs from 76 Russian regions were interviewed. Questionnaire (Google form) assessed the change in health care provision over the past two years, the availability of medicine provision, the prevalence and reasons for discontinuation of treatment, as well as the difficulties faced by patients.

Results. Improvement in health care provision were assessed by 47,6% of the surveyed patients with CVD, worsening — by 16,6%, and 23,7% did not noted any changes. Improvements regarded diagnosis promptness (29%) and timeliness of treatment (28,5%), availability of subsidized medicines (25%) and better patient routing (21%). However, 37% of respondents did not see any improvements in health care system, or found it difficult to answer. The acute problem of access to diagnostics was considered by 24%, inaccessibility of subsidized medicines — by 17%. In addition, 24% of respondents had difficulties in obtaining specialized cardiology care in the polyclinic and 18% had difficulty in obtaining high-quality medical rehabilitation for CVD.

Conclusion. In order to increase public satisfaction with the quality of care, public awareness on health maintenance and patients’ rights to receive care should be improved. In addition, possible barriers to obtaining health care should be eliminated, while consultative and diagnostic assistance and subsidized drug provision should be facilitated for receiving.
Atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease: main clinical characteristics of patients in selected subjects of the Russian Federation
Authors: Druzhilov M. A. , Kuznetsova T. Yu. , Druzhilova O. Yu. , Arustamova U. D. , Gavrilov D. V. , Gusev A. V.
Published: May 2023

Aim. To compare clinical characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) depending on renal filtration function based on a retrospective analysis of data in individual subjects of the Russian Federation (RF).

Material and methods. The information was taken from the Webiomed predictive analytics platform, including 80775 patients with AF (men, 42,5%, mean age, 70,0±14,3 years) who underwent outpatient and/or inpatient treatment in medical organizations in 6 Russian subjects in 2016-2019 with data on blood creatinine levels. For comparative analysis, the ranges of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were selected: ≥60 ml/min/1,73 m2, 30–59 ml/min/1,73 m2, and <30 ml/min/1,73 m2.

Results. The analysis showed that 45128 (55,9%) patients were characterized by eGFR <60 ml/min/1,73 m2, of which in 35212 (78%) patients eGFR was in the range of 30-59 ml/min/1,73 m2, in 9916 (22%) — <30 ml/min/1,73 m2. Patients with eGFR <60 ml/min/1,73 m2 compared with those with eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1,73 m2 were older (75,4±10,9 vs 63,0±15,2 years, p<0,001), had higher incidence of ischemic stroke (IS) (10,9 vs 6,5%, p<0,001), myocardial infarction (MI) (11,5 vs 7,7%, p<0,001) and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) (1,0 vs 0,7%, p<0,01), as well as higher rate of anticoagulant therapy (ACT) (47,0 vs 33,2%, p<0,001). Men and women with eGFR of 30-59 and <30 ml/min/1,73 m2 in the age ranges ≤64 years and 65-74 years had a higher incidence of IS and MI compared with patients with eGFR ≥60 ml/min/173 m2. The frequency of ICH on warfarin compared with direct oral anticoagulants was significantly higher in the subgroup with eGFR of 30-59 ml/min/1,73 m2 (1,1 vs 0,7%, p<0,01).

Conclusion. Patients with AF and eGFR <60 ml/min/1,73 m2 are charac­terized by greater comorbidity, a higher incidence of IS, MI and ICH compared with patients with AF and eGFR ≥60 ml/min/1,73 m2, while ACT prescription rate as of 2016-2019 in some Russian subjects was unsatisfactory. This emphasizes the need to optimize risk stratification, ACT and algorithms for the prevention of athero­thrombotic events, as well as the development of nephro­protective strategies to reduce the rate of progression of renal dys­function in this cohort of patients.
Object-agnostic Affordance Categorization via Unsupervised Learning of Graph Embeddings
Authors: Toumpa Alexia , Cohn Anthony G.
Published: May 2023

Acquiring knowledge about object interactions and affordances can facilitate scene understanding and human-robot collaboration tasks. As humans tend to use objects in many different ways depending on the scene and the objects’ availability, learning object affordances in everyday-life scenarios is a challenging task, particularly in the presence of an open set of interactions and objects. We address the problem of affordance categorization for class-agnostic objects with an open set of interactions; we achieve this by learning similarities between object interactions in an unsupervised way and thus inducing clusters of object affordances. A novel depth-informed qualitative spatial representation is proposed for the construction of Activity Graphs (AGs), which abstract from the continuous representation of spatio-temporal interactions in RGB-D videos. These AGs are clustered to obtain groups of objects with similar affordances. Our experiments in a real-world scenario demonstrate that our method learns to create object affordance clusters with a high V-measure even in cluttered scenes. The proposed approach handles object occlusions by capturing effectively possible interactions and without imposing any object or scene constraints.
Organoleptic qualities and proximate composition of fish grown in good aquaculture practice-based carp fattening pond
Authors: Hossain Md. Anwar , Hossain Md. Akhtar , Haque Md. Ayenuddin , Begum Mst. Nurjahan
Published: May 2023

Organoleptic qualities and proximate composition of fish grown in carp fattening pond were studied under three treatments of feed and fertiliser management. Treatment T1 was designed with the use of organic fertiliser and stocking of silver carp, T2 with both organic and inorganic fertilisers and silver carp and T3 with both organic and inorganic fertilisers but excluding silver carp. One day in a week feeding restriction was followed in all the treatments.  Fishes were stocked with a stocking density of 2470 fishes ha–1. Three fishes (Gibelion catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus cirrhosus) were selected for organoleptic and proximate assessment. Cyanobacteria along with total phytoplankton cell density was significantly higher at treatment T2 followed by T3 and T1. However, in terms of productivity (Chl-a) treatment T2 was 27.1 and 13.3% higher compared to T1 and T3 respectively. Parameters assessed for proximate composition analysis did not vary across treatments and organoleptic test revealed comparatively higher acceptability of fishes collected from treatment T1 followed by T2 and T3 for all the fishes. Overall acceptability was higher for L. rohita from treatment T1. This study concluded that, inorganic fertilisation along with silver carp can improve the organoleptic properties of carps in pond.
The activity of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in Transnistria in 1991–1995 (based on the materials of the periodical press)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko State University of Transnistria, Sodol V.A.
Published: May 2023

With the aggravation of interethnic relations in Moldova in the early 1990s, the The Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church (UAOC) opened and registered several parishes in the self-proclaimed Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic. The Pridnestrovian newspapers Dnestrovskaya Pravda, Dniester, and Trudovoy Tiraspol regulary published about the UAOC activities in the first half of the 1990s. The journalism included reports, speeches by representatives of the UAOC clergy, appeals by the UAOC leadership to the congregation and the like, which allows characterizing such aspects of the UAOC activities in Pridnestrovie as organizations of parishes in the province, the composition of the clergy, the political preferences of the Pridnestrovian UAOC clergy, the relations of Pridnestrovian congregation to the UAOC clergy and the clergy of Moldova, the activities of the UAOC parish priests during the armed confrontation in Pridnestrovie and after its end, the liquidation of the UAOC structures in Pridnestrovie.
Ethno-linguistic contact as reflected in language cognition: Does bilingualism affect subjective assessments of perceptual semantics?*
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Vladimirova V.E. , Rezanova Z.I. ,   Tomsk State University, Korshunova I.S. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: May 2023

The article analyzes the influence of the ancestral language on the perception of the second language, acquired throughout life. The study relies on the methods of experimental cognitive psycholinguistics, drawing on the theory of embodied cognition and the bilingual mental lexicon. The solution of the general theoretical problem uses early natural bilingualism, with an increasing dominance of the second language and a gradual shift of the native language to the position of the language of family heritage. This type of bilingualism is currently very common in the world, including various regions of the Russian Federation. In modern states, it is conditioned by unbalanced language functional advancement of the state language. The functionally imbalanced language situation has also developed in the regions of Southern Siberia, in the interaction between the Russian and the Khakass or Tatar languages. However, the functionally dominant state language, Russian, experiences a hidden influence of maternal languages not only on speech practices, but also on deep cognitive processes associated with the perception and cognitive processing of units of the acquired language. As the analysis has shown, the influence of the native language is manifested at the level of perception of even the deepest aspects of the semantics of the second language, which include perceptual and emotional aspects. This effects are discussed in the article in the assessments of tactile perception and emotionality given by native Russian speakers and Tatar-Russian and Khakass-Russian bilinguals in relation to the same set of lexical units. The study was carried out on the material of the psycholinguistic RuTurkPsychLing database designed in the laboratory of linguistic anthropology of Tomsk State University: assessments of the words of the Russian, Tatar, and Khakass languages in terms of “familiarity”, “temperature”, “location in space”, “size”, “emotionality” and “manipulation”. The analysis has shown significant differences in the rating system, manifested both in the value of average ratings and their correlations. While the assessments of the Khakass-Russian bilinguals are closer to the assessments of native Russian speakers, the Tatar-Russian bilinguals show significant differences both in the assessments of temperature perception and its correlations with positive and negative assessments.
The influence of institutional discourses on linguistic self-determination in a multiethnic society
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Temnikova I.G. , Dibrova V.S. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: May 2023

The article analyses the interaction between the native language (Tatar) and the second language (Russian) in the linguistic consciousness of the Tatar-Russian bilingual, who lives in Southern Siberia in a multicultural society. The Russian language acts as a macro-intermediary language, being the official language of the country. The data was collected be means of a sociolinguistic questionnaire, designed by O.A. Kazakevich, and the Marian, Blumenfeld and Kaushanskaya bilingual language questionnaire adapted by the TSU Laboratory of Linguistic Anthropology. The survey was conducted in Tomsk and Tomsk Region (the villages of Eushta and Chernaya Rechka), and Novosibirsk Region – in the areas of compact residence of Tatar-Russian bilinguals. The number of the Tatar-Russian bilinguals interviewed during the survey is 133 people. The socio-linguistic information provided by the respondents makes it possible to distinguish between three groups of factors determining the Tatar and Russian interacting in various periods of their lives. The Tatar-Russian bilinguals adhere to the language they consider to be L1 (Tatar) notwithstanding the fact that it is turning to a heritage language with a restricted sphere of usage. With Russian taking the dominating position in social and professional communication, Tatar becomes the language of interpersonal communication between family members. Nevertheless, the Tatar language seems to play a pivotal role in determining the national identity by bilinguals.
Perception of the emotional vocabulary of the first and second language lexicons in the conditions of language contact (Turkic-Russian heritage bilingualism)
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Vasilyeva А.V.
Published: May 2023

Currently, the influence of a particular culture on all aspects of the society life is not in doubt. This also applies to the emotional sphere. It is believed that, despite the universality of emotions as a mental mechanism, there are emotions that are common to all ethnic groups and those ethnospecific emotions that are formed in a certain culture. Differences are largely manifested not only in the expression of emotions, including language expression, but also in their perception. This problem becomes especially relevant in the context of language contact, namely when addressing the problem of the relationship between emotionality and bilingualism. The purpose of this article is to identify the peculiarities of the perception of diminutives as representatives of the emotional vocabulary by Turkic-Russian bilinguals in the first and second languages. The experiment employed units of the Russian, Khakass, and Tatar languages, among which there were diminutives (the target group) – emotional words, that are a hallmark of Russian speech, but also available in the Turkic languages. The experiment was conducted using E-prime software first in groups of native Russian speakers and Turkic-Russian bilinguals on the material of the Russian language (23 people in each group), then in groups of Khakass-Russian and Tatar-Russian bilinguals in their native languages (16 and 17 people, respectively). The data were used for a covariance analysis, which showed that all groups of respondents needed much more time to respond to emotional words compared to neutral words (p (p<0.001), regardless of the language of the stimuli. At the same time, either frequency and/or length of the word significantly affects the reaction time. Comparison of the results obtained on the material of the native languages of bilinguals with the results obtained on the material of the Russian language showed that bilinguals react significantly longer to all groups of words (p<0.001). The results, on the one hand, do not confirm the data available in the literature on the advantage of processing emotional words in the first language. However, they correlate with the conclusions about the impact on perception of the type of bilingualism, in our case – heritage, late, unbalanced towards the second language.
Historical narratives and war representations in the collective memory of Runet communities: Temporal trajectories and semantic networks
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Trubnikova N.V. , Sarkisova A.Yu. ,   Tomsk State University, Rogaeva I.Ye. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: May 2023

The article analyses the collective representation of war narratives in the Russian social network VKontakte in the context of the problems of national self-consciousness and national identity. The material for the study was extracted by automated methods using the VKontakte open API. It amounts to 332,781 unique posts from open historical communities from January 1, 2020 to May 9, 2022. Using the PolyAnalyst platform, the authors found out that the word “war” is the most frequent and most significant (the metric takes into account the average frequency of a word in all texts) in this text collection. A sample of texts with the word “war” (49,736 posts) was subjected to additional analysis with a set of NLP methods to study key narratives and semantic connections. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study is the principles and approaches of modern narratology and the history of memory. The analysis of social media big data has confirmed that the dramatic historical fate of Russia, as a natural consequence of the factors of vast territory, extended borders, and abundance of natural resources, has shaped the mentality of Russians to be always ready for war. Thematic clustering of texts has confirmed the dominance of the practices of commemoration of the Great Patriotic War, reflected the etatism and etacratism of the Russian consciousness, demonstrated public attention to representations of war in art and science, and discovered the “trench truth” block and its place in the collective war representations. Narratives are often rich in details and facts, pragmatism, prosaic and rationalism. Empirical material confirms that the 20th century certainly occupies a special significance in the memory of Russians about wars. The authors comment on the rating of references to wars in the studied text collection and indicate the opposition of the Great Patriotic War to the Second World War, and the Patriotic War of 1812 to the Napoleonic Wars of the early 19th century. Some attention is also given to the issues of information wars in the modern world. The presented war narrative is of interest as the foundation of the “collective imaginary”, on the basis of which the prospects and critical boundaries of the image of the future are constructed.
“Idosha ko batyevi”: The “Horde” diplomacy by Daniel and Vasylko Romanovych in the 1240-50s
Authors:   Yelets State Ivan Bunin University, Vorotyntsev L.V.
Published: May 2023

The article discusses the controversial issues of diplomatic contacts of the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia with representatives of the Ulus of Jochi ruling elite and attempts to trace the dynamics of changes in the administrative and political status of Galicia– Volhynia in the state system of the Mongolian Empire and the Jochi Ulus (Horde) in the 1240-50s. Based on a comparative historical analysis of the Russian chronicles, as well as the information from some European and Muslim sources, the author concludes that the relations of the Romanovichi with the Jochids were of a multi-level nature and included both diplomatic contacts and military conflicts (the so-called “Tatar” or “Kuremsa” army) and military and political pressure actions (Burundai’s campaigns). As a result, the late 1250s saw a final formalization of the vassal-tributary dependence of Galicia–Volhynia on the Jochi dynasty, with the participation of the Romanovich squads in the military activities of the Mongols against the Eastern European states (the Kingdom of Hungary, the Principality of Lithuania, the principalities of Southern Poland).
The Svistelnitskies-Zheliborskies and the Skomrokhskies-Novitskies in Galicia of the 15th century: Different fates of Polish gentry of Rusinian origin
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Pashin S.S.
Published: May 2023

The article deals with the genealogy of two wealthy noble families of Rusinian origin in Galicia of Ruthenian Voivodeship of the Polish Kingdom in the 15th century (the east of Galicia, now mainly Ivano-Frankivsk region of Ukraine). The rise of the first family is connected with the land grant of 1385, while the other began to rise when its progenitor assumed the position of the Galician judge in the late 14th – early 15th centuries. The author studied the history of these two families in the 15th century, including family ties, land holdings, relations with neighbours. The Svistelnitskies Zheliborskies continued their history after the 15th century. Several members of this family were Galician Orthodox bishops in the 16th–17th centuries. The family tree of the Skomrokhskies-Novitskies died out in the late 15th century for various reasons. The history of the two families suggests that historians erroneously exaggerated the size of land wealth and the number of Galician boyars in the 13th – 14th centuries and their descendants – Polish gentry of Ruthenian origin. There were no more than a hundred local boyars in the second half of the 14th century. In Galicia of the 15th century, only two families of Rusinian origin can be qualified as large landowners and five or six families – as medium (wealthy) landowners. The vast majority of Rusinian gentry in the 15th century owned one or two small villages or even part of the village.
Rusins in the Institute of Slavic Scholars (1866–1882)
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Ptitsyn A.N.
Published: May 2023

The mass resettlement of Rusins in the Russian Empire in the 19th century included a study migration. The largest influx of Rusin students happened in the second half of the 1860s – 1870s with the emergence of Slavic scholars. The gymnasium reform caused an urgent need for teachers of ancient languages, who were invited from the Habsburg monarchy. They were practicing teachers, graduates and university students, representatives of the Slavic peoples. After moving to Russia, they attended refresher courses and studied Russian in St. Petersburg as students of the Institute of Slavic Scholars (1866–1882). In total, about 160 Austro-Hungarian philologists attended the Institute. Of them, almost a third (45 people) were Rusins: Galicians (35 people) and Bukovinian and Ugric Rusins (5 persons each). They were mostly young people from the families of rural priests. Moving to Russia allowed them to get a teaching profession and find a job on more favorable terms than in their homeland. Subsequently, the overwhelming majority of Rusin scholars successfully adapted to the new conditions. Many of them worked in Russian educational institutions for many years; one in five eventually reached the post of director of a gymnasium. Thus, the Institute of Slavic Scholars can be considered a main channel for the emigration of the Rusin intelligentsia to the Russian Empire in the post-reform period.
Evfimy Kryzhanovsky on the Rusins-Uniates of the Russian Zabuzhie
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Sulyak Sergey G.
Published: May 2023

Evfimy Mikhailovich Kryzhanovsky (1831–1888) – a Russian Orthodox theologian, teacher, writer, and historian, the son of an Orthodox priest, a graduate and teacher of the Kyiv Theological Academy. After graduation, he taught at the Kyiv Theological Seminary. In 1862, he was transferred to the Kyiv Theological Academy. In 1865–1871, Kryzhanovsky was the head of the Sedlec Educational Directorate. While holding this position, he constantly visited educational institutions of the province. These trips played a big role in clarifying the history and assessing the “Russian question” in Podlasie. Based on sources, personal observations and eyewitness accounts, Kryzhanovsky wrote a number of articles on the history of the church union in Podlasie, the current state of the Uniate issue and education in the region. He analyzed the mistakes made by the Chełm diocese during the “purification of the rite” and subsequent reunification with Orthodoxy. According to the Russian historian Ivan Filevitch, a native of Chełm Land, who did a lot to solve the Chełm question, “the works Kryzhanovsky occupy a completely exceptional place in the literature on the Chełm question, since they contain the only academic and impartial coverage of those two periods of Chełm life, which affect the current Chełm malice: that of exclusively Polish influence with complete isolation from Russia in 1809–1863, which was followed by the rapid turning point, finally re-unifying the Chełm Uniates with Orthodoxy in 1875.” Kryzhanovsky’s works on the Russian Zabuzhie were republished by Ivan Filevich in 1911, when the discussion on the Chełm question intensified. Kryzhanovsky’s research contributed to the dissimination of the information among the Russians, who had known little about the problem and relied mainly on the Polish interpretation. Kryzhanovsky’s works also contributed to the decision to allocate the eastern counties of Lublin (Kholmshchyna) and Sedlec (Podlasie) populated by Rusyns to the Chełm province.
Journalism of Yulian Tarnovich in the Nash Lemko newspaper
Authors:   Ivan Franko Drohobych State Pedagogical University, Telvak V.V. , Telvak V.P. ,   Ivan Franko Drohobych State Pedagogical University, Nakonechnyj V.M. ,   Kyiv National University of Culture and Arts,
Published: May 2023

The article examines the work of Yulian Tarnovich in the Nash Lemko newspaper (Lviv, 1934–1939), where he was both a contributor and the editor. As the article shows, Tarnovich primarily focused on the most sensitive economic sides the Lemko life. Trying to find the cause of the economic troubles of the Beskids Ukrainian population, Tarnovich proposed a well-designed program for the economic transformation of the mountainous territories. In particular, he emphasized the need for an active attitude to life, the introduction of rational management, and the cultivation of solidarist values among the Rusins. According to Tarnovich, the socio-economic problems could be solved together with cultural and educational enlightment, focused on the permanent fight against mass illiteracy both among children and adults. Tarnovich was also concerned with the moral and ethical climate of the Lemko village, affected by the modernization brought by WWI and the post-war structure of the world. Struggling against the penetration of then-fashionable communist ideology, sectarian beliefs and many bad habits into the Lemko houses, Tarnovich simultaneously popularized new social practices. He frequently addressed the popular feminist issues, interpreting them in lines with the cult of the Mother, traditional for Ukrainians. The article concludes that the activism and solidarity promoted by Tarnovich turned out to be in demand for the Lemkos on the eve of the trials brought by WWII and subsequent mass expulsion from their native lands.
In vitroanticoccidial activity of essential oil microencapsulated against Eimeriaspp
Authors: Castro-Sifuentes Carmen , Costilla-Sanchez Noe , Mendoza-Ordoñez Gilmar
Published: May 2023

The aimof this research was to evaluate the in vitro anticoccidial activity of microencapsulated essential oils from Lepechinia heteromorpha(Briq.) Epling and Salvia sagittataRuiz & Pav., against non-attenuated sporulated oocysts of Eimeriasppof broiler chickens. The treatments were the concentrations of the microencapsulated in 2.5; 5; 10; 20;30 and 50 mg/ml, 2.5% potassium dichromate negative control group and 4% formaldehyde positive control group. The destruction of oocysts in liquid medium was evaluated by microscopic counting and the results were verified after 24 and 48 h of incubation at 28 °C. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, using SPSS version 25 software and Tukey's test. The results showed highly significant statistical differences between the microencapsulated, as well as in their concentrations, registering the greatest destruction of sporulated oocysts by the microencapsulated essential oil of Salvia sagittataRuiz & Pav. at a concentration of 50 mg/ml at 48 h of incubation, reaching83.5% destruction of oocysts, this value being similar to 4% formaldehyde. Concluding that the microencapsulated essential oils studied destroy up to 83.5% of the sporulated oocysts of Eimeriaspp.
Effect of partial substitution of wheat flour by pituca (Colocasia esculenta) puree on the quality of french type bread
Authors: García-Cisneros Miguel Ángel , García-Rivero Alberto E. , De La Cruz-Fernández Eusebio , Bardales-Azañero José Ricardo
Published: May 2023

Wheat is the most imported cereal in Peru for the flour industry. The use of flours made up of flours from local crops as seeds and tubers that provide nutrients, which, replacing them totally or partially, will reduce the gap in wheat imports. Colocasia esculenta puree was obtained with which wheat flour was partially substituted, using the sponge method. The substitutions were: 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%. Subsequently, the obtained breadwasevaluated using a hedonic scale, physicochemical and microbiological analysis. The hedonic sensory evaluation led the semi-trained panelists to accept the substituted formulation with 30% pureesince it presented better sensory attributes in color, flavor, texture, appearance and acceptance (p<0.05). The physicochemical results of the accepted formulation revealed better nutritional contributions (307.7 kcal, 11.37% protein, 2.5% lipids, 59.93% carbohydrates, 0.56 fiber and 1.5% ash), microbiologically it resulted be suitable for human consumption as indicated by RM 591-2008/MINSA-Peru (Criterion VIII. 1-commercial French bread) and NTP: 004 2016/INACAL, therefore the present study revealed that the use of mashed potatoes Pituca can be used as an alternative substitute for wheat flour in baking.