bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HST PanCET Program: A Complete Near-UV to Infrared Transmission Spectrum for the Hot Jupiter WASP-79b
Authors: Rathcke Alexander D. , MacDonald Ryan J. , Barstow Joanna K. , Goyal Jayesh M. , Lopez-Morales Mercedes , Mendonça João M. , Sanz-Forcada Jorge , Henry Gregory W. , Sing David K. , Alam Munazza K. , Lewis Nikole K. , Chubb Katy L. , Taylor Jake , Nikolov Nikolay , Buchhave Lars A.
Published: September 2021

We present a new optical transmission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-79b. We observed three transits with the STIS instrument mounted on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), spanning 0.3–1.0 μm. Combining these transits with previous observations, we construct a complete 0.3–5.0 μm transmission spectrum of WASP-79b. Both HST and ground-based observations show decreasing transit depths toward blue wavelengths, contrary to expectations from Rayleigh scattering or hazes. We infer atmospheric and stellar properties from the full near-UV to infrared transmission spectrum of WASP-79b using three independent retrieval codes, all of which yield consistent results. Our retrievals confirm previous detections of H2O (at 4.0σ confidence) while providing moderate evidence of H− bound–free opacity (3.3σ) and strong evidence of stellar contamination from unocculted faculae (4.7σ). The retrieved H2O abundance (∼1%) suggests a superstellar atmospheric metallicity, though stellar or substellar abundances remain consistent with present observations (O/H = 0.3–34× stellar). All three retrieval codes obtain a precise H− abundance constraint: log(

X

H

−

) ≈ −8.0 ± 0.7. The potential presence of H− suggests that James Webb Space Telescope observations may be sensitive to ionic chemistry in the atmosphere of WASP-79b. The inferred faculae are ∼500 K hotter than the stellar photosphere, covering ∼15% of the stellar surface. Our analysis underscores the importance of observing UV–optical transmission spectra in order to disentangle the influence of unocculted stellar heterogeneities from planetary transmission spectra.
HIV transmission in sero-discordant couples with the HIV-positive partner in Xinjiang: incidence and associated predictors
Authors: Ni Yongkang , Hu Xiaoyuan , Liu Zaoling , Tao Ning , Ma Yuanyuan , Ni Zhen , Ni Mingjian
Published: September 2021

Introduction: To control the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among sero-discordant couples, we explored the HIV seroconversion and its contributing factors.

Methodology: We recruited negative partners in HIV sero-discordant couples to established a prospective cohort between January 2010 and June 2015 from areas with severe HIV epidemic in Xinjiang. Follow up once every 3 months, serological tests and risk behavior surveys every 6 months. Variables were screened by LASSO regression and a Cox proportional hazards model was established.

Results: A total of 1162 negative partners of sero-discordant couples were recruited. The seroconversion occurred in 42 negative partners during follow-up period, with a seroconversion rate of 2/100 (95% CI = 1.21-2.27), and the median time for seroconversion was 0.92 years. The Cox model showed that frequency of sexual behavior for nearly six months, consistent condom use, knowledge of the transmission route for HIV, a history of sexually transmitted diseases, recent CD4 + T lymphocyte count were all significant contributing factors to the seroconversion in negative partner of HIV sero-discordant couples. In addition, the Cox model was used to evaluate the risk factors of seroconversion for HIV negative partners.

Conclusions: The seroconversion rate of HIV negative partners in Xinjiang was lower. The LASSO Cox model may accurately predict the risk of HIV transmission in sero-discordant couples.
Prevention and control strategies for the post-pandemic era: finding a balance between COVID-19 and reviving medical service
Authors: Liu Shuang , Ren Yan , Li Hong , Liu Yue , Shan Jiao , Yang Lin , Chen Lihong , Chen Hui
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Public life in China is gradually returning to normal with strong measures in coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) control. Because of the long-term effects of COVID-19, medical institutions had to make timely adjustments to control policies and priorities to balance between COVID-19 prevention and daily medical services.

Methodology: The framework for infection prevention and control in the inpatient department was effectively organized at both hospital and department levels. A series of prevention and control strategies was implemented under this leadership: application of rigorous risk assessment and triage before admission through a query list; classifying patients into three risk levels and providing corresponding medical treatment and emergency handling; establishing new ward visiting criteria for visitors; designing procedures for PPE and stockpile management; executing specialized disinfection and medical waste policies.

Results: Till June 2020, the bed occupancy had recovered from 20.0% to 88.1%. In total, 13045 patients were received in our hospital, of which 54 and 127 patients were identified as high-risk and medium-risk, respectively, and 2 patients in the high-risk group were eventually laboratory-confirmed with COVID-19. No hospital-acquired infection of COVID-19 has been observed since the emergency appeared.

Conclusions: The strategies ensured early detection and targeted prevention of COVID-19 following the COVID-19 pandemic, which improved the recovery of medical services after the pandemic.
Integrating Taxonomic Names and Concepts from Paper and Digital Sources for a New Flora of Alaska
Authors: Webb Campbell , Ickert-Bond Stefanie , Cook Kimberly
Published: September 2021

The taxonomic foundation of a new regional flora or monograph is the reconciliation of pre-existing names and taxonomic concepts (i.e., variation in usage of those names). This reconciliation is traditionally done manually, but the availability of taxonomic resources online and of text manipulation software means that some of the work can now be automated, speeding up the development of new taxonomic products. As a contribution to developing a new Flora of Alaska (floraofalaska.org), we have digitized the main pre-existing flora (Hultén 1968) and combined it with key online taxonomic name sources (Panarctic Flora, Flora of North America, International Plant Names Index - IPNI, Tropicos, Kew’s World Checklist of Selected Plant Families), to build a canonical list of names anchored to external Globally Unique Identifiers (GUIDs) (e.g., IPNI URLs). We developed taxonomically-aware fuzzy-matching software (matchnames, Webb 2020) to identify cognates in different lists. The taxa for which there are variations between different sources in accepted names and synonyms are then flagged for review by taxonomic experts. However, even though names may be consistent across previous monographs and floras, the taxonomic concept (or circumscription) of a name may differ among authors, meaning that the way an accepted name in the flora is applied may be unfamiliar to the users of previous floras. We therefore have begun to manually align taxonomic concepts across five existing floras: Panarctic Flora, Flora of North America, Cody’s Flora of the Yukon (Cody 2000), Welsh’s Flora (Welsh 1974) and Hultén’s Flora (Hultén 1968), analysing usage and recording the Region Connection Calculus (RCC-5) relationships between taxonomic concepts common to each source. So far, we have mapped taxa in 13 genera, containing 557 taxonomic concepts and 482 taxonomic concept relationships. To facilitate this alignment process we developed software (tcm, Webb 2021) to record publications, names, taxonomic concepts and relationships, and to visualize the taxonomic concept relationships as graphs. These relationship graphs have proved to be accessible and valuable in discussing the frequently complex shifts in circumscription with the taxonomic experts who have reviewed the work. The taxonomic concept data are being integrated into the larger dataset to permit users of the new flora to instantly see both the chain of synonymy and concept map for any name. We have also worked with the developer of the Arctos Collection Management Solution (a database used for the majority of Alaskan collections) on new data tables for storage and display of taxonomic concept data. In this presentation, we will describe some of the ideas and workflows that may be of value to others working to connect across taxonomic resources.
Towards Interlinked FAIR Biodiversity Knowledge: The BiCIKL perspective
Authors: Penev Lyubomir , Koureas Dimitrios , Groom Quentin , Lanfear Jerry , Agosti Donat , Casino Ana , Miller Joe , Arvanitidis Christos , Cochrane Guy , Barov Boris , Hobern Donald , Banki Olaf , Addink Wouter , Kõljalg Urmas , Ruch Patrick , Copas Kyle , Mergen Patricia , Güntsch Anton , Benichou Laurence , Benito Gonzalez Lopez Jose
Published: September 2021

The Horizon 2020 project Biodiversity Community Integrated Knowledge Library (BiCIKL) (started 1st of May 2021, duration 3 years) will build a new European community of key research infrastructures, researchers, citizen scientists and other stakeholders in biodiversity and life sciences. Together, the BiCIKL 14 partners will solidify open science practices by providing access to data, tools and services at each stage of, and along the entire biodiversity research and data life cycle (specimens, sequences, taxon names, analytics, publications, biodiversity knowledge graph) (Fig. 1, see also the BiCIKL kick-off presentation through Suppl. material 1), in compliance with the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. The existing services provided by the participating infrastructures will expand through development and adoption of shared, common or interoperable domain standards, resulting in liberated and enhanced flows of data and knowledge across these domains.

BiCIKL puts a special focus on the biodiversity literature. Over the span of the project, BiCIKL will develop new methods and workflows for semantic publishing and integrated access to harvesting, liberating, linking, and re-using sub-article-level data extracted from literature (i.e., specimens, material citations, sequences, taxonomic names, taxonomic treatments, figures, tables).

Data linkages may be realised with different technologies (e.g., data warehousing, linking between FAIR Data Objects, Linked Open Data) and can be bi-lateral (between two data infrastructures) or multi-lateral (among multiple data infrastructures). The main challenge of BiCIKL is to design, develop and implement a FAIR Data Place (FDP), a central tool for search, discovery and management of interlinked FAIR data across different domains.

The key final output of BiCIKL will the future Biodiversity Knowledge Hub (BKH), a one-stop portal, providing access to the BiCIKL services, tools and workflows, beyond the lifetime of the project.
L’élimination diagrammatique
Authors: Moktefi Amirouche
Published: September 2021

L’usage des diagrammes en logique est ancien. Aux débuts de la logique mathématique, ils servent notamment à résoudre le problème de l’élimination. Cela consiste à extraire la conclusion qui découle d’un ensemble de prémisses en éliminant les termes et les propositions indésirables ou superflus. À cette fin, les logiciens inventent une multitude de notations. Il convient dès lors de s’interroger sur la place des méthodes diagrammatiques dans ce programme de recherche ainsi que leurs interactions avec les autres méthodes de résolution, symboliques et mécaniques. Les diagrammes éliminent-ils vraiment ?
Métamorphoses de l’arbre : du schème au diagramme et du corail au rhizome
Authors: Dahan-Gaida Laurence
Published: September 2021

Paradigme même du diagramme, l’arbre a fait l’objet des convocations les plus variées dans des domaines et aux fins les plus diverses : outil mnémotechnique, modèle d’organisation de la connaissance, hiérarchies conceptuelles, relations généalogiques, processus héréditaires, modélisation de l’histoire ou de l’évolution naturelle, etc. De l’arbre de Porphyre à l’arbre des encyclopédistes, de l’arbre darwinien de la vie aux arbres de l’histoire littéraire de Franco Moretti, les diagrammes arborescents témoignent d’une capacité apparemment infinie à se laisser réactiver pour délivrer des potentiels inédits, quitte parfois à faire émerger des contre-figures comme le rhizome de Deleuze et Guattari, ou encore le corail de Darwin. Cette capacité de métamorphose de l’arbre, qui est explorée ici, explique pourquoi il est souvent considéré comme le diagramme des diagrammes.
Refractive Outcomes Using Intraoperative Aberrometry for Highly Myopic, Highly Hyperopic, and Post-refractive Eyes
Authors: Soifer Matias , Passi Samuel F. , Wisely C. Ellis , Raufi Nikolas N. , Thompson Atalie C. , Kim Terry , Gupta Preeya K.
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE:

To evaluate whether intraoperative aberrometry improves the accuracy of refractive outcomes after cataract surgery in highly myopic, highly hyperopic, and post-refractive eyes.

METHODS:

This single-center, retrospective review compared the spherical equivalent of postoperative refraction to that predicted by the Barrett Universal II formula versus Optiwave Refractive Analysis (ORA) (Alcon Laboratories, Inc) for highly myopic and hyperopic eyes and to the Barrett True K formula versus ORA for post-refractive eyes. The number and magnitude of lens changes were analyzed and used to determine in how many cases refractive surprises were affected by ORA, with additional subanalysis of outcomes based on average keratometry values.

RESULTS:

ORA led to a change in the lens power implanted in 48% (96 of 198) of eyes, and prevented hyperopic surprise in 27% (15 of 55) and excess myopia in 46% (19 of 41). Steeper keratometry values correlated with more frequent changes on ORA-recommended implanted intraocular lens (
P
= .0031). ORA led to a similar percentage of eyes falling within ±0.50, ±0.75, and ±1.00 diopters compared to the Barrett Universal II and Barrett True K formulas. In post-refractive eyes, ORA led to a similar mean absolute error when compared to the Barrett True K formula (
P
= .62). For highly myopic eyes with an axial length of greater than 27 mm, ORA demonstrated a trend toward lower mean absolute error when compared to the Barrett Universal II formula (
P
= .076).

CONCLUSIONS:

ORA demonstrated similar refractive results to the Barrett True K formula in post-refractive eyes and to the Barrett Universal II formula in highly myopic and hyper-opic eyes and may provide additional benefit for eyes with steeper corneas or an axial length of greater than 27 mm.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(9):609–615.]
Biomechanical Response After Corneal Cross-linking With Riboflavin Dissolved in Dextran Solution Versus Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose
Authors: Fischinger Isaak , Seiler Theo G. , Wendelstein Jascha , Tetz Kristin , Fuchs Barbara , Bolz Matthias
Published: September 2021

PURPOSE:

To evaluate corneal stiffening in porcine eyes induced by corneal cross-linking (CXL) using riboflavin dissolved in either aqueous dextran or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) solution.

METHODS:

Fifty-one porcine corneas were divided into three groups of 17 each. After deepithelialization, the first (Dresden) group was treated for 30 minutes with 0.1% riboflavin (riboflavin-5-monophosphate in 0.9% NaCl) dissolved in hypertonic 20% dextran and the second (HPMC) group for 30 minutes with isotonic solution containing 0.1% riboflavin and 1.1% HPMC. Thereafter, corneas of both groups were irradiated using 5.4 J/cm
2
(irradiance of 9 mW/cm
2
for 10 minutes; 10*9). After CXL, all corneas were kept in an isotonic 16% dextran bath for 2 hours to obtain an equal hydration state. The third group served as the control group. Stress-strain measurements were performed on 5-mm–wide strips. Corneal thickness was monitored throughout the entire course of the experiments.

RESULTS:

The required stress for a 10% strain was increased by 83% in the Dresden group and 35% in the HPMC group compared to the control group. Resultant Young's modulus (at 10% strain) was 2.53 ± 0.73, 1.87 ± 0.50, and 1.47 ± 0.44 Pa for the Dresden, HPMC, and control groups, respectively. The differences between the Dresden and HPMC groups (
P
= .006), the Dresden and control groups (
P
< .001), and the HPMC and control groups (
P
= .014) were statistically significant. Pachymetry measurements showed a significantly increased corneal thickness after application of HPMC compared with the Dresden group (
P
= .002) and control group (
P
= .041).

CONCLUSIONS:

The biomechanical stiffening of the cornea by CXL can be achieved using dextran- and HPMC-based riboflavin solutions in porcine corneas with an application time of 30 minutes. Dextran-based riboflavin solutions seem to induce a slightly stronger biomechanical response in this setting. HPMC solutions induce less thinning than dextran solutions.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2021;37(9):631–635.]
Spontaneous Regression of Asymptomatic Bilateral Choroidal Osteoma with Preserved Vision
Authors: Verma Aditya , Maitra Puja
Published: September 2021

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2021;52:519.]
On an integrability criterion for a family of cubic oscillators
Authors: Sinelshchikov Dmitry ,   Department of Applied Mathematics, HSE University, 34 Tallinskaya Street, Moscow 123458, Russian Federation
Published: September 2021

In this work we consider a family of cubic, with respect to the first derivative, nonlinear oscillators. We obtain the equivalence criterion for this family of equations and a non-canonical form of Ince Ⅶ equation, where as equivalence transformations we use generalized nonlocal transformations. As a result, we construct two integrable subfamilies of the considered family of equations. We also demonstrate that each member of these two subfamilies possesses an autonomous parametric first integral. Furthermore, we show that generalized nonlocal transformations preserve autonomous invariant curves for the equations from the studied family. As a consequence, we demonstrate that each member of these integrable subfamilies has two autonomous invariant curves, that correspond to irreducible polynomial invariant curves of the considered non-canonical form of Ince Ⅶ equation. We illustrate our results by two examples: An integrable cubic oscillator and a particular case of the Liénard (4, 9) equation.
Macrophagic Extracellular Vesicle CXCL2 Recruits and Activates the Neutrophil CXCR2/PKC/NOX4 Axis in Sepsis
Authors: Wang Guozhen , Huang Weichang , Wang Shuanghu , Wang Jun , Cui Wanfu , Zhang Wenyong , Lou Anni , Geng Shiyu , Li Xu
Published: September 2021

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysfunctional host response to infection. Neutrophils play a protective role by releasing antibacterial proteins or by phagocytizing bacteria. However, excess neutrophils can induce tissue damage. Recently, a novel intercellular communication pathway involving extracellular vesicles (EVs) has garnered considerable attention. However, whether EVs secreted by macrophages mediate neutrophil recruitment to infected sites has yet to be studied. In this study, we assessed the chemotactic effect of EVs isolated from mouse Raw264.7 macrophages on mouse neutrophils and found that CXCL2 was highly expressed in these EVs. By regulating CXCL2 in Raw264.7 macrophages, we found that CXCL2 on macrophage EVs recruited neutrophils in vitro and in vivo. The CXCL2 EVs activated the CXCR2/PKC/NOX4 pathway and induced tissue damage. This study provides information regarding the mechanisms underlying neutrophil recruitment to tissues and proposes innovative strategies and targets for the treatment of sepsis.
Self-Renewing Islet TCF1+ CD8 T Cells Undergo IL-27–Controlled Differentiation to Become TCF1− Terminal Effectors during the Progression of Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Ciecko Ashley E , Schauder David M , Foda Bardees , Petrova Galina , Kasmani Moujtaba Y , Burns Robert , Lin Chien-Wei , Drobyski William R , Cui Weiguo , Chen Yi-Guang
Published: September 2021

In type 1 diabetes (T1D) autoreactive CD8 T cells infiltrate pancreatic islets and destroy insulin-producing β cells. Progression to T1D onset is a chronic process, which suggests that the effector activity of β-cell autoreactive CD8 T cells needs to be maintained throughout the course of disease development. The mechanism that sustains diabetogenic CD8 T cell effectors during the course of T1D progression has not been completely defined. Here we used single-cell RNA sequencing to gain further insight into the phenotypic complexity of islet-infiltrating CD8 T cells in NOD mice. We identified two functionally distinct subsets of activated CD8 T cells, CD44highTCF1+CXCR6− and CD44highTCF1−CXCR6+, in islets of prediabetic NOD mice. Compared with CD44highTCF1+CXCR6− CD8 T cells, the CD44highTCF1−CXCR6+ subset expressed higher levels of inhibitory and cytotoxic molecules and was more prone to apoptosis. Adoptive cell transfer experiments revealed that CD44highTCF1+CXCR6− CD8 T cells, through continuous generation of the CD44highTCF1−CXCR6+ subset, were more capable than the latter population to promote insulitis and the development of T1D. We further showed that direct IL-27 signaling in CD8 T cells promoted the generation of terminal effectors from the CD44highTCF1+CXCR6− population. These results indicate that islet CD44highTCF1+CXCR6− CD8 T cells are a progenitor-like subset with self-renewing capacity, and, under an IL-27–controlled mechanism, they differentiate into the CD44highTCF1−CXCR6+ terminal effector population. Our study provides new insight into the sustainability of the CD8 T cell response in the pathogenesis of T1D.
The First “Mrs. Japanese” of Slovenia between the Two World Wars
Authors: Hrvatin Klara
Published: September 2021

The paper’s main aim is to bring forward Marija Skušek (born Tsuneko Kondō Kawase 近藤常子(1893–1963) and her presentations and transmission of Japanese culture to the Slovene (at that time Yugoslav) public as the first Japanese citizen who was naturalised in Slovenia. It focuses mainly on the period from 1920, when she first entered the country, until the Second World War, drawing special attention to one of her main activities––giving lectures in the years 1930–1931, and on a smaller scale 1935–1936, mostly presented to the public under the title “A Japanese about a Japanese Woman”. Such lectures testify to the Japanese-Slovenian cultural exchanges, and the cultural milieu in Slovenia in which she acted. The author takes into consideration newspaper and journals sources discussing her activities and in particular the data available from the “Archive on Marija Skušek–Tsuneko Kondō Kawase”, recently re-discovered at the Slovene Ethnographic Museum of Slovenia, where her original lecture’s manuscripts, correspondence, newspaper clips and photos are collected.
Ảnh hưởng của nhận thức về trách nhiệm xã hội của doanh nghiệp đến hiệu quả công việc và vai trò điều tiết của thu nhập cá nhân
Authors: Vương Bùi Nhất
Published: September 2021

Nghiên cứu này nhằm để xem xét tác động của nhận thức về trách nhiệm xã hội của doanh nghiệp (CSRP) đối với hiệu quả công việc thông qua vai trò trung gian của thái độ công việc (sự gắn kết của nhân viên và sự hài lòng trong công việc) và vai trò điều tiết của Thu nhập. Dữ liệu khảo sát được thu thập từ 220 nhân viên đang làm việc tại các doanh nghiệp vừa và nhỏ tại Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh. Kết quả từ mô hình phương trình cấu trúc bình phương nhỏ nhất từng phần (PLS-SEM) bằng cách sử dụng chương trình SmartPLS 3.0 chỉ ra rằng nhận thức CSR của nhân viên có ảnh hưởng tích cực đến hiệu quả công việc. Bên cạnh đó, sự gắn kết của nhân viên và sự hài lòng trong công việc đã làm trung gian một phần cho mối quan hệ này. Hơn nữa, phân tích ảnh hưởng điều tiết cũng chỉ ra rằng mối quan hệ tích cực giữa CSRP và thái độ công việc có thể tăng lên đáng kể ở nhân viên có thu nhập cao hơn ở nhân viên có thu nhập thấp. Phát hiện này cũng ngụ ý rằng các nhà quản trị nên xây dựng CSR thích hợp để cải thiện thái độ công việc và hành vi tích cực của nhân viên.
Prevalence of risk factors associated with ocular problems in males and females in type 1 & 2 diabetes
Authors: Ruqaya  , Tayaba Kazmi  , Tehreem Anis  , Iqra Salahuddin  , Moomal Zeshan  , Wajiha Israr
Published: September 2021

Background: The aim of current study was exploring the ocular abnormalities in individuals with Type 1 & 2 diabetes. Methods: Patients referred for diabetic ocular abnormalities (retinopathy, cataract, glaucoma and refractive error) on fundoscopy from LRBT eye hospital Korangi, Karachi were randomly included in the study. Retinopathy, cataract and refractive error were evaluated by slit lamp biomicroscope or indirect ophthalmoscope, & categorized into lacking, non-proliferative, proliferative retinopathy, maculopathy, capsular or sub capsular cataract, myopia and hypermetropia. While glaucoma was assessed by tonometry. Prevalence of eye complication has been seen in subjects. Outcome of substantial risk factors on the diverse phases of retinopathy, multivariate regression analysis was performed. Results: 200 diabetic subjects (106 males and 94 females) when the compared; diabetic subjects and subjects with hypertension; 28.0 % retinopathy, 9.75 % cataract, 7.31 % with glaucoma, and about 2.43% refractive error were found out among the diabetic males. 47.61 % retinopathy, 11.9% Cataract, 40.47% refractive error were found in females. In males with diabetes and hypertension were found 60.46 % retinopathy, 27.9 5% cataract, 11.62 % refractive error & in females 46.15% retinopathy, 19.23 % cataract, and 34.61 % with refractive error. Conclusions: This current study emphasizes screening of diabetic subjects regularly so as to distinguish ocular abnormalities and increasing public awareness.
Experienced Practitioners' Views on Interpersonal Skills in Telehealth Delivery
Authors: Henry Beverly , Ames Leah , Block Derryl , Vozenilek John
Published: September 2021

Background. As telehealth becomes a larger part of the health care landscape, clinicians are becoming prepared to operate technology-based­ systems for conducting routine care and exchanging information. Less defined are interpersonal skills for telehealth care delivery such as communication and therapeutic relationships that can influence clinical outcomes. Examples include clinician adaptability to the communication process via telehealth, clinician congeniality in communications, and striving to achieve telepresence. The purpose of this study was to describe interpersonal skills for telehealth delivery to assist in the preparation of health professionals. Methods. Aqualitative methods approached was used to build on results from our previously published systematic review. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted with experienced practitioners or educators (n=6) at multiple regional telehealth centers. Video/audio-recorded sessions were transcribed verbatim and researchers conducted thematic analysis of data until achieving saturation of data. Results. Participants provided their perspectives about interpersonal skills important for quality telehealth delivery based on professional experiences. Analysis of responses across interviews showed strong alignment with the six themes identified previously as non-technical clinician attributes: Preinteractional, Verbal Communication, Non-Verbal Communication, Relational, and Environmental. Also, an additional theme of Management/Operations emerged. Suggested training topics crossed clinical disciplines and ranged from telemedicine etiquette and verbal skills to equipment operation and billing and coding. Each study participant commented on benefits from preparation of telehealth clinicians related to the clinician-patient interaction such as: patient engagement, patient-centered care, patient satisfaction, patient implementation of care plans, effective communication with patients, and quality assessment of telehealth sessions. Conclusions. This study identified interpersonal skills that may be applied in professional education for telehealth delivery from the perspective of experienced practitioners. Further research could explore outcomes from professional preparation for interpersonal skills and patient perspectives.
Post-Traumatic Stress and Academic Performance Among Entry-Level Doctoral Physical Therapy Students in a Human Anatomy Cadaver Dissection Course
Authors: Curfman Sue , Austin Gary , Nicholas Joyce
Published: September 2021

Background: Dissection of human cadavers can be a stressful experience for students. Purpose: The purposes of this study were twofold: 1) to determine if physical therapy students develop or experience a worsening of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms during exposure to and dissection of human cadavers; and 2) to determine if these symptoms are related to academic performance. Methods: Previous history of a diagnosis of anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder and level of prior exposure to cadavers were recorded among 26 entry-level first semester doctoral students in physical therapy (DPT) taking gross human anatomy. Their level of anxiety about working with cadavers before and after the course was recorded. The Life Events Checklist (LEC-5) for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) was used as a self-report measure to record potentially traumatic events in a subject’s life prior to the study and during the course. Subjects also completed the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-5) at the beginning and end of the course to assess for symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. Student performance was assessed using written and practical examination grades. Results: Overall, the PCL-5 score for the group decreased significantly over the semester (p = 0.01). However, 3 subjects’ PCL-5 scores increased. Risk factors present among these subjects included previous diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder or anxiety, combat exposure, history of physical or sexual abuse, lack of previous exposure to cadavers, and coinciding traumatic events. Written examination performance was not significantly related to either change in PCL-5 (p = 0.84) or post-PCL-5 (p = 0.69) scores. Practical examination performance was not significantly related to either change in PCL-5 (p = 0.28) or post-PCL-5 (p = 0.51) scores. However, consistent with previous research, students with a history of post-traumatic stress disorder and/or anxiety did have statistically significant lower written examination scores. Conclusions: Physical therapy students neither developed nor experienced a worsening of, but rather a reduction in, PTSD symptoms during exposure to and dissection of human cadavers. Overall, symptoms of PTSD did not seem to be related to academic performance.
Mentoring Processes in Higher Education: Perspectives of Junior Athletic Training Faculty Members
Authors: Nottingham Sara , Mazerolle Stephanie
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Mentorship is a valuable mechanism of socializing faculty members to higher education, but understanding of how mentoring relationships develop is limited. The purpose of this study was to seek a more complete understanding of how mentoring relationships develop for junior faculty members, and how these effective mentoring relationships can be fostered. Method: A qualitative, phenomenological design was used to examine junior athletic training faculty members’ experiences with mentoring. Twenty athletic training faculty members: 14 women, 6 men, 32±3 years of age and averaged 2.4±2.1 years as a full-time faculty member in an accredited athletic training program participated in this study. Participants completed one telephone interview, which was audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were analyzed with an inductive phenomenological approach. Data saturation was obtained Trustworthiness strategies included peer review and the use of multi-analyst triangulation. Results: Junior faculty participated in informal and formal mentoring relationships that evolved over time, which aided their transition from doctoral student to full-time faculty member. Additionally, mentoring relationships were strengthened when participants took initiative, engaged in the relationship, and set clear goals. Mentors who exhibit good communication skills, willingness to participate, and genuine interest in the mentee are particularly valuable. Conclusions: Both formal and informal mentoring experiences appear to be valuable for junior faculty members, particularly informal relationships. If institutional mentoring programs are lacking then junior faculty should seek out additional mentoring opportunities. These findings also confirm existing literature on effective mentoring characteristics.
Development of a Healthy Eating and Lifestyle Program (HELP) Online Website for Filipinos: A Case Report
Authors: Santos Noelle Lyn
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are a major public health problem in the Philippines and around the world. Preventive measures to reduce its continuous rise require improvement in the health system. Utilization of information and communication technology-(ICT)-based tools will allow dissemination of evidenced-based information in the population. This case report contains the description of the development process of a Web-based nutrition Website. Case Description: ICT-based tools were explored as means of communicating nutrition information to the public because of the increasing access and usage of the Internet among Filipinos. An iterative process with five major phases were followed in the development. Outcome: The Website HELP Online can be accessed through (http://i.fnri.dost.gov.ph/helponline). There is integration of two modules: one for the general public and the other for registered nutritionist dietitians (RND) of the Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI). The first module contained the nutrition counseling platform that connects and records all interactions of online and walk-in clients with their RNDs. The second module contained nutrition calculators, a health tracker, and nutrition education materials. Discussion: The developed HELP Online Website was used for online users to easily access nutrition information and services offered by Department of Science and Technology (DOST)-FNRI. The user-centered design focus in combination with a responsive Web platform resulted in improved user satisfaction. In terms of content, use of the current and accepted scientific information translated to simpler and easier messages were found to be more effective among the target group. Although many issues exist with the continuous use of ICT-based tools, the main purpose is to improve the delivery of evidence-based information to the public.
Epidemiology of Equestrian Accidents: a Literature Review
Authors: Meredith Lauren , Ekman Robert , Brolin Karin
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This manuscript aimed to present a review of the literature pertaining to horse riding and other horse-related injuries. Method: A review of the literature was performed, searching for appropriate terms with regards to horse accidents, horse riding injuries and protective clothing for the horse riding context. The literature review search returned 151 relevant full-text articles, with 71 of these detailing the overall injury epidemiology of horse-related accidents. Most of these studies were conducted in the USA and used a retrospective review of hospital data methodology. Results: Of the 71 articles investigated, 60 suggested that those most frequently involved in horse-related accidents are young females and 97% of papers investigating injury mechanisms found the most commonly involved was a fall from horseback. It was suggested in multiple studies that these injury events mostly occurred in warm weather conditions, when the horse behaved in an unexpected manner. Injury type and location varied by the primary mechanism of injury; but frequently involved body regions were the head and upper extremities, and the most common injuries observed were fractures and soft tissue injuries. Neurological trauma was reported by all relevant studies to be the most frequent cause of fatality. Conclusion: Some improvements in horse-related accident numbers and outcomes have been observed with the development and introduction of protective devices such as helmets and vests. Yet despite the benefits of helmet and vest usage, there is evidence to suggest helmets do not perform as well as they could. Further work could investigate improvements in safety measures and risk factors associated with fatalities.
The Tailoring Of National Guidelines For Upper Extremity Post-Stroke Rehabilitation: A Concept In Use.
Authors: Alatawi Salem
Published: September 2021

Background: In Saudi Arabia, national evidence-based clinical guidelines (NCG) were created based for healthcare interventions. However, clinicians appear to be slow to incorporate the evidence into practice. As a result, there exists a time-gap between the gathering and presentation of evidence for best practice and the use of that evidence by clinicians. It becomes, therefore, imperative to investigate the gap between the research evidence and clinical practice. The knowledge to action (KTA) framework is available to facilitate the implementation of research evidence. This framework incorporates the theory of tailoring, a concept that is intended to create a fit between the evidence for the intervention and its use by the clinician. Unfortunately, the process of tailoring stills awaits clear guidelines on how it should be implemented. Consequently, this study presents hitherto unknown strategies for using novel methods, which reflect the particular role of the KTA framework in tailoring recommendations. Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine the use of the UK National Clinical Guidelines for Stroke as a clinical tool for tailoring evidence around upper extremity (UE) rehabilitation after a stroke. Methods: This study used a mixed methods (consensus approach), which includes a survey (n = 26) and nominal group meeting (NGM) with physiotherapists (n=15). Result: The first part of this study (survey) showed that 59 items (recommendations) from the UK National Clinical Guidelines for Stroke around UE post-stroke rehabilitation were accepted as consensus. Of these fifty-nine items, only 5 were rated as “no consensus.” In addition, of all the items that had been included, not a single one was rejected. The results led to three groups of recommendations based on the agreed median scores. These are as follow: lack of agreement (no consensus), highest consensus with tightest range of scores, or lowest consensus with widest range of scores. The second part of this study (NGM) explores four themes, which appeared to significantly influence the concept of “tailoring” and the participants’ ways of thinking. Conclusion: This study illustrates the role of tailoring in bridging the time-gap between the evidence and its implementation in the clinical setting. The study also provides more clarification about the role of tailoring and outlines the steps required to effectively investigate it.
High-fidelity Simulations Offer a Paradigm to Develop Personal and Interprofessional Competencies of Health Students: A Review Article
Authors: Livne Nava
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Simulation instruction is an effective method to help health professional students develop personal and interprofessional competencies. The purpose of this review was to summarize the literature on high-fidelity mannequin simulation using methods that develop various personal and interprofessional competencies of health students in profession-specific and interprofessional health settings. Method: This review was conducted using 10 databases, and articles published in English from January 2008 through January 2018 were reviewed. Keywords and terms from the Medical Subject Headings [MeSH] thesaurus were used to create keyword combinations. Of 95 articles that resulted from this search, 44 research studies were chosen for the review. Results: High-fidelity mannequin simulations improved students’ personal and professional competencies in profession-specific environments by 13%-63% depending on the profession. Students acquired knowledge, learned to think critically, and developed self-confidence in implementing clinical skills in practice across different health professions. High-fidelity mannequin simulations also enhanced students’ team-based competencies in interprofessional environments by 7% to 25%. They developed mutual respect, recognized roles and responsibilities, learned to work as a team, and communicated interprofessionally. High-fidelity simulations boosted students’ gain in competencies across undergraduate and graduate programs. In three studies, high-fidelity mannequin simulations did not show superiority over standardized patients, paper/pencil scenarios, and low-fidelity simulations. Conclusions: High-fidelity mannequin simulations offer a paradigm for achieving different competencies across undergraduate and graduate programs and can complement conventional (i.e., lecture-based) instruction. Whereas conventional instruction allows for immediate knowledge gain, high-fidelity mannequin simulations enhance long-term knowledge retention and development of interprofessional competencies. The paradigm is suitable for developing interprofessional team-based skills. Limitations included self-reported data, instruments that lack construct validity, and reduced strength of evidence.
Tributação Indireta e o Mito da Alíquota Única
Authors: Leão Martha Toribio , Dexheimer Vanessa
Published: September 2021

Uma das principais controvérsias envolvendo a discussão sobre Reforma Tributária no Brasil diz respeito à adoção de uma alíquota única para o Imposto sobre Bens e Serviços, baseado no argumento de que essa seria uma tendência global nos países que adotam a tributação pelo Imposto sobre o Valor Agregado (IVA). O presente artigo abordará exatamente esse tema, para demonstrar que a ideia de alíquota única é um mito, não sendo uma tendência nos países cuja tributação indireta é centralizada por meio do IVA. Pelo contrário: a análise comparada demonstra que a grande maioria dos países possui uma faixa de três alíquotas distintas ou, ao menos, a previsão de transações com bens e serviços isentas da tributação ou cuja alíquota é zero. Nessa perspectiva, o artigo abordará tanto o “mito” da alíquota única, como também a aplicabilidade do princípio da essencialidade na tributação sobre o consumo e no uso desse tributo para a consecução de finalidades extrafiscais.
Interpretação Lógico-sistemática da Prescrição no Direito Tributário e seus Efeitos sobre a Extinção do Crédito
Authors: Welter Matheus Henrique
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo trata dos efeitos da prescrição sobre o crédito tributário à luz da hermenêutica e do diálogo das fontes buscando o seguinte questionamento: a prescrição no direito tributário extingue o crédito ou apenas extingue o direito de ação de exigir em juízo determinada pretensão? Com base na pesquisa elaborada, nota-se que pelo art. 156, V, do CTN a prescrição é uma das hipóteses de extinção do crédito tributário. Contudo, pela previsão expressa da prescrição no art. 146, III, “b”, da CF, este instituto possui proteção constitucional e conforme o art. 110 do CTN o próprio Código não pode alterar a definição, o conteúdo e o alcance de institutos, conceitos e formas de direito privado, utilizados, expressa ou implicitamente pela CF. Assim, o art. 156, inciso V, viola o art. 110 do CTN no momento em que define a prescrição como uma das formas de extinção do crédito.
Impossibilidade do Desenquadramento das Sociedades Médicas do Regime Especial de Tributação do ISS tomando como Premissa o Regime Societário de Responsabilidade Limitada
Authors: Gouveia Ricardo Scravajar
Published: September 2021

O presente artigo possui como objetivo a análise sobre o desenquadramento das sociedades médicas do Regime Especial de tributação de ISS sob a justificativa de adotarem o modelo de responsabilidade limitada, em que os sócios possuem a responsabilidade limitada à participação do capital, promovido pelo município de São Paulo. Neste sentido, analisou-se a legislação pertinente a temática, expondo os critérios legais para o enquadramento no regime especial. Buscou-se, ainda, demonstrar outras tentativas de desenquadrar o regime especial, que não prosperaram, de modo a ficar caracterizado o interesse dos municípios em promover o desenquadramento das sociedades uniprofissionais, como forma de aumentar a sua arrecadação. Por fim, considerando o argumento da responsabilidade limitada, apresentado pelo município de São Paulo, como a mais recente tentativa de privar as sociedades de tais direitos, fruto de confusão entre responsabilidade profissional e as demais responsabilidades da sociedade, evidenciou-se a inafastabilidade da responsabilidade pessoal dos médicos membros de sociedade uniprofissional, por meio da análise de legislação específica que diz respeito ao exercício da medicina, bem como da doutrina e da jurisprudência sobre o tema, demonstrando a inviabilidade do entendimento do município de São Paulo e do desenquadramento por ele pretendido.
Consequencialismo Extrajurídico em Decisões contra Contribuintes
Authors: Andrade José Maria Arruda de
Published: September 2021

O texto discute se as decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal são marcadas por argumentos consequencialistas quando a tese advogada pelos contribuintes é derrotada. A interpretação das decisões judiciais, como forma de pesquisa, e a teoria da argumentação devem privilegiar os argumentos que são postos na decisão judicial, de forma a não confundir argumentos laterais, de contextos e de erudição, com aqueles determinantes para a formação da norma-decisão.
Instrumentos Financeiros Compostos e Contratos Híbridos
Authors: Da Costa Junior Jorge Vieira
Published: September 2021

Instrumentos financeiros (IF) compostos e contratos híbridos têm gerado muita controvérsia em matéria contábil e jurídica. No Brasil, companhias com registro na CVM, que se utilizaram desses instrumentos, classificando-os no patrimônio líquido, tiveram suas ITRs e/ou DFs reapresentadas por determinação do regulador em anos anteriores. O ponto crítico de toda a discussão, no caso de IF compostos reside na distinção entre um item de passivo e um item de patrimônio líquido. A literatura da área está sendo construída aos poucos e, dado o seu caráter multidisciplinar, é de interesse tanto de juristas quanto de profissionais de contabilidade que militam na área tributária e societária. Pesquisas contábeis com abordagem positiva apresentam algumas hipóteses para explicar o fenômeno, em particular o nível de endividamento. Trabalhos jurídicos do mesmo modo trazem contribuição para a literatura ligada ao tema e revelam distanciamento dos conceitos adotados pela Contabilidade no padrão IFRS. Autores da área jurídica são unânimes em afirmar que a legislação tributária no Brasil é muito superficial no tocante ao tratamento a ser dado a IF compostos e contratos híbridos. Este ensaio normativo procura explorar aspectos das IFRS e da legislação tributária, com base em exemplos ilustrativos desenvolvidos pelo autor, com o condão de lançar luz sobre possíveis motivações econômicas para escolhas contábeis, alimentando a pauta de pesquisa de futuros estudos. O ensaio explora as dimensões contábeis de mensuração, de reconhecimento e de apresentação, tanto para fins de demonstrações contábeis individuais quanto consolidadas. Há situações que não encontram amparo na teoria normativa, plataforma conceitual sobre a qual o trabalho está ancorado, como é o caso do reconhecimento do passivo consolidado advindo de custos de transação. Espera-se que este ensaio normativo contribua para o aprendizado do tema e concorra para o desenvolvimento de pesquisas, se possível, interdisciplinares entre a área do Direito e da Contabilidade.