bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuzzy Logic Controller Based Perturb and Observe Maximum Power Point Tracking
Authors: A. Al Nabulsi  , R. Dhaouadi
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) based technique to design an adaptive perturb and observe (P&O) maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller. The objective is to improve the efficiency of a standalone solar energy system consisting of a photovoltaic (PV) panel and a DC/DC buck converter connected to a variable load. The proposed FLC based technique is implemented on a TMS320F28335 DSP board and compared to the conventional P&O technique. The performance of the proposed system is validated through outdoor experiments with a 150-Watt PV system
The Effect on Emissions of using Alternative Fuels in Turbo-Charged Diesel Engines
Authors: S.Hudson  , C.Stubbs  , W.Weston
Published: May 2017

The paper outlines the Emission and Biofuel Directives relating to CO2 emissions in cars and the fiscal penalties incurred by manufacturers failing to meet targets. The effect on emissions of the biofuel directives are quantified through a test programme which measures emissions from a turbo-charged diesel engine using a range of biodiesel fuels, using standard diesel fuel to obtain a comparison. The tests measure O2 , NOx , THC and CO emissions data as well as CO2 . The results are difficult to quantify but , with the exception of corn oil show an increase in CO2 emissions. Corn oil also shows a reduction in other emissions. The discussion considers other mechanisms which can reduce overall global automotive emissions including range extenders for electric vehicles.
Biomass CHP Technical and Economic Assessment applied to a Sawmill Plant
Authors: Nuno Gonçalves  , Sérgio Faias  , Jorge de Sousa  , Jorge de Sousa
Published: May 2017

Due to the risk of spreading the nematode infection to other regions or countries the Portuguese pine wood producers must perform a heat treatment to their products before exporting. This heat treatment increases the production costs and reduces the competitiveness of the industry. One possible solution to increase the income of the pine wood producers is the installation of CHP units in sawmills, fuelled by biomass (wood shavings), generating the heat needed for the treatment and simultaneously generating electricity to be sold to the grid. In the present paper it is developed and implemented a methodology to perform a technical and economic assessment of CHP units installation in sawmills. The methodology is applied to a case study and, due to the need of using biomass as fuel, only the steam turbine and organic Rankine cycle (ORC) technologies are assumed as suitable for the application. The results of the economic assessment show that none of the considered technologies are economically viable. However, the results also demonstrated that clustering a set of pine wood producers from a same region could make the investment profitable for all the members of this cluster.
Power output fluctuations in large PV plants
Authors: J. Marcos  , L. Marroyo  , M. García  , E. Lorenzo
Published: May 2017

The power generated by large photovoltaic (PV) plants is of an intermittent nature, due to cloud passage, which can create considerable fluctuations in output. Therefore, if the penetration of PV power in the overall electricity system is high enough, these fluctuations could have a serious effect on the quality and safety of the power supply. This article aims to characterise these fluctuations and to look at the smoothing effect of the PV plant size and that of the geographical dispersion of the PV plants
Energy production estimating of photovoltaic systems
Authors: G. Ádám  , K. Baksai-Szabó  , P. Kiss
Published: May 2017

There are several freeware programs for energy production estimation of PV systems. Some are quite simple, while others take a lot of input parameters to give the best estimation. Our program has been written in MATLAB environment, and has a great advantage over other commercial software as it calculates more output variables, furthermore with hourly resolution. The results are not fully satisfying yet, so we'll make further developments on it.
Decision Support in the Investment Analysis on Efficient and Sustainable Electrical Equipment
Authors: J.A. Lobão  , T. Devezas  , J.P.S. Catalão
Published: May 2017

Considering the current global economic situation and the rising energy costs, all contributions to the reduction in energy consumption will be relevant. In electrical installations, energy consumption can be reduced by reducing losses in the conductors, associated with the efficiency of equipments, allowing a better use of the installed power, which can be an important issue when using renewable energies. The losses in the conductors are proportional to the square of the resistance and current. These must be analysed in conjunction with all loads that contribute to the current in the sections of the installation. When replacing equipment in distribution boxes output by more efficient ones, the current decreases in sections covered with the most significant power loss due to proportionality with the square of the current. This decrease, often forgotten, is recorded in this work and included in the investment analysis on efficiency and sustainable electrical equipment. This analysis, combined with the features and operating parameters of electrical installation, accounts for all the gains that can make a difference in the choice of efficient equipment.
Preposición + que en español
Authors: J. Pountain Christopher
Published: May 2017

En este artículo examinamos la creación y evolución de una variable sintáctica en español: la presencia/ausencia de una preposición delante del complementizador que. Con base en datos recuperados de los grandes corpus lingüísticos, seguimos de manera pormenorizada el desarrollo de varios elementos (verbos, sustantivos, adjetivos, expresiones complejas y conjunciones) que constituyen los contextos de esta variación e intentamos evaluar algunas hipótesis explicativas al respecto. Original recibido: 2014/05/14 Dictamen enviado al autor: 2014/07/16 Aceptado: 2014/07/31
Reconstrucción del sistema consonántico del protoyumano de California y Delta del Colorado
Authors: Gil Burgoin Carlos Ivanhoe
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo presenta una reconstrucción parcial del inventario de segmentos fonológicos del protodeltacaliforniano, es decir, la lengua hipotética que dio origen a las lenguas de la rama Delta-California de la familia lingüística yumana. Se aborda el inventario de segmentos consonánticos de la protolengua de acuerdo a una versión actualizada del método comparativo. Además de formular un protosistema de consonantes, la comparación entre las tres lenguas de este subgrupo de la familia yumana apunta a la necesidad de reconsiderar el tipo y grado de relación entre sus miembros. Original recibido: 2014/05/15Dictamen enviado al autor: 2014/07/04 Aceptado: 2014/08/01
Acerca de la semántica del completivo/incompletivo en las lenguas mayas
Authors: Vinogradov Igor
Published: May 2017

En este trabajo se argumenta que el completivo e incompletivo en las lenguas mayas no son categorías estrictamente aspectuales ni estrictamente temporales; sus significados abarcan varios dominios semánticos. Se introduce el término taxis que se define como una variedad de tiempo que caracteriza a un evento en relación a otro evento determinado por el contexto y sin hacer referencia al momento de habla. Se propone que la semántica del completivo/incompletivo consiste en la combinación de los significados de taxis y aspecto. Aunque la mayoría de las lenguas mayas parece seguir este principio semántico general, hay una variación muy significativa dentro de la familia que es, sobre todo, resultado de diferentes estructuras internas del sistema verbal y de la existencia de diferentes juegos de categorías de tiempo-aspecto en lenguas particulares. Original recibido: 2015/05/08Dictamen enviado al autor: 2015/06/16Aceptado: 2015/08/10
Form and Function of the Yorùbá HTS (High Tone Syllable) Revisited: Evidence From Ìgbò Second Language Learners of Yorùbá
Authors: Oshodi Boluwaji
Published: May 2017

La sílaba de tono alto (HTS por sus siglas en inglés), un elemento en forma de vocal que aparece entre la frase nominal sujeto y la frase verbal en oraciones declarativas, es sin duda un elemento muy controvertido de la gramática del yoruba, dado que los estudiosos de la lengua han expresado opiniones contradictorias acerca de su significado y función precisos. Este estudio examina la HTS desde el punto de vista de la adquisición de segunda lengua, con datos de producción oral recolectados de tres hablantes nativos de igbo (dos adultos y un niño), aprendices de yoruba como segunda lengua. Se descubrió que el elemento tiene la forma invariable o con tono alto (ó ) y que se coloca usualmente antes de los verbos, al parecer indicando tiempo y aspecto en su interlengua. El estudio concluye que, aunque la función sintáctica precisa de la HTS permanece en discusión, la evidencia recolectada a partir de hablantes nativos de igbo que adquieren el yoruba como segunda lengua apoya la hipótesis de que el elemento funciona como un marcador de tiempo y aspecto que indica acciones pasadas y presentes, como propone Awóbùlúyì (1992).  Original recibido: 2015/02/27Dictamen enviado al autor: 2015/07/03Aceptado: 2015/07/08
Reseña de Entre cuerdas y velo: estudios fonológicos de lenguas otomangues y Tono, acento y estructuras métricas en lenguas mexicanas, editados por Esther Herrera Zendejas
Authors: Uchihara Hiroto
Published: May 2017

En este volumen se aborda la laringización y la nasalización en lenguas otomangues, que son únicas entre las lenguas del mundo por su alto grado de complejidad, que abarca elementos tales como la existencia de dos grados de laringización (zapoteco, amuzgo), la nasalización (chinanteco, chatino) y su interacción con el acento y el tono. El volumen se compone de cuatro contribuciones, las cuales comento brevemente a continuación.
Reseña de Variación y Diversidad Lingüística. Hacia una teoría convergente, editado por Pedro Martín Butragueño y Esther Hernández
Authors: Vázquez Rojas Maldonado Violeta
Published: May 2017

Variación y Diversidad Lingüística. Hacia una teoría convergentees elresultado de un intercambio académico entre investigadores de dos insti-tuciones: El Colegio de México y el Consejo Superior de InvestigacionesCientíficas, de España. En él se reúnen ocho trabajos en torno al temade la variación y la diversidad lingüísticas, entendiendo por lo primero laexistencia de estructuras y patrones alternativos para un mismo contextoal interior de una lengua y por lo segundo la existencia de estructuras ypatrones alternativos en lenguas distintas. Esta distinción, por cierto, serásometida a discusión, pero por lo pronto se presenta como un contrasteposible que le da título al volumen.
Rumores y otros malos hábitos. El condicional evidencial en español
Authors: Bermúdez Fernando
Published: May 2017

En este artículo se investiga el llamado “condicional de rumor” (CR) en español, forma típica del discurso periodístico, como en El primer ministro renunciaría en las próximas horas. Los rasgos modales, y particularmente los valores evidenciales de esta forma verbal se discuten a partir de una visión deíctica de la evidencialidad basada en Bermúdez (2006). El CR se compara con otro uso de la forma verbal condicional, típica del discurso científico, con el que a menudo se confunde, como en juventud sería el lapso que media entre la madurez física y la madurez social. Se propone que el CR es un marcador de información de tercera mano, mientras que el “condicional científico” indica información de segunda mano y acceso cognitivo a la fuente de información. El análisis funciona asimismo como una evidencia indirecta de la adecuación de la visión deíctica de la evidencialidad. Original recibido: 2016/01/27Dictamen enviado al autor: 2016/03/24Aceptado: 2016/05/19
Oraciones escindidas y foco en maya yucateco
Authors: Gutiérrez-Bravo Rodrigo
Published: May 2017

En maya yucateco (maya, México) se observa un conjunto de construcciones de foco en las que los constituyentes focalizados aparecen a la izquierda del verbo, de manera similar a como se ha observado en otras lenguas como el húngaro. Tanto para el maya yucateco en específico, como para las lenguas mayas en general, existe un intenso debate respecto a si estas construcciones son oraciones escindidas. Este trabajo contribuye al debate en cuestión presentando cuatro nuevos tipos de evidencia que apuntan a que las construcciones de foco en maya yucateco no son oraciones escindidas. La evidencia que aquí se presenta muestra que las construcciones de foco monoclausales y las oraciones escindidas son diferentes en cuanto a (i) el carácter obligatorio de la morfología de foco de agente; (ii) la posibilidad de mostrar inversión; (iii) la posibilidad de que un pronombre negativo funcione como foco y, (iv) la posibilidad de mostrar construcciones de foco de verbo. Original recibido: 2016/01/29Dictamen enviado al autor: 2016/03/28Aceptado: 2016/11/21
La negación en el náhuatl del centro de Guerrero
Authors: Valiñas Coalla Leopoldo
Published: May 2017

En este trabajo se describen las estrategias morfosintácticas usadas para marcar la negación en las oraciones del náhuatl del centro de Guerrero o del Alto Balsas. Se emplean recursos tanto morfológicos como sintácticos. La negación estándar se marca mediante un proclítico, que ocupa la primera posición de la palabra verbal compleja. Además de la negación estándar, que se marca morfológicamente, se emplean diferentes palabras negativas dependiendo del tipo de oración: máka cuando es una construcción imperativa o desiderativa negativa, λáhmo cuando la oración es una condicional elíptica negativa, y ka: cuando se niega toda la oración. También se emplea el préstamo nin o niú:n como conjunción copulativa negativa o como cuantificador nominal negativo. Original recibido: 2016/02/13Dictamen enviado al autor: 2016/04/04Aceptado: 2016/08/08
Oraciones completivas de sustantivo en español y portugués: ¿infinitivo u oración finita?
Authors: Granvik Anton
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo enfoca dos tipos de oraciones completivas de sustantivo, las completivas de verbo finito (el hecho de que vaya) y las de infinitivo (el hecho de ir), con el objetivo de determinar si entre ambos tipos hay "identidad funcional" (cf. Bogard & Company 1989). Analizando dos muestras de 37 y 56 sustantivos que se combinan frecuentemente con ambos tipos de completivas en portugués y español, respectivamente, se observa que hay claras diferencias entre las clases de sustantivos y los contextos de uso de ambos tipos de completivas. Las completivas finitas se usan con sustantivos mentales y lingüísticos (como certeza y noticia), que se asocian, además, con el modo indicativo, mientras que los sustantivos modales (como necesidad ) prefieren las completivas de infinitivo, y estos sustantivos se asocian con el modo subjuntivo. En cambio, los sustantivos de uso factual (e.g. facto/fato y hecho) presentan preferencias variables por uno u otro tipo de completiva. Así, se concluye que las completivas finitas no funcionan de modo idéntico a las completivas de infinitivo. Además, se observa un desplazamiento diacrónico a favor de las completivas finitas, de modo que las completivas de infinitivo son más frecuentes en los primeros siglos analizados (xvi, xvii y xviii), mientras que se detecta una frecuencia creciente de las completivas finitas en los siglos xix y xx. Original recibido: 2016/07/29Dictamen enviado al autor: 2016/10/25Aceptado: 2016/10/25
Descripción del estatus fonológico de los segmentos [ i̯ ] y [ u̯ ] de la lengua paʔipá:y
Authors: Ibáñez Bravo María Elena
Published: May 2017

En este artículo se propone que los segmentos fonéticos [ i̯ ] y [ u̯ ] en el paʔipá:y tienen el estatus fonológico de consonantes /j/ y /w/. Descarto la propuesta de que dichos segmentos sean diptongos o parte de consonantes de tonalidad secundaria como se han considerado tradicionalmente en esta lengua. Original recibido: 2016/01/26Dictamen enviado al autor: 2016/07/12Aceptado: 2016/09/04
Políticas Públicas en educación: el caso de la educación terciaria
Authors: Cárdenas A. Uriel A.
Published: May 2017

En este artículo se indaga sobre el Sistema Nacional de Educación Terciaria (SNET) y las políticas públicas en dicho campo. El autor parte de la conceptualización y la contextualización que dan origen a preguntas para analizar esos temas desde diferentes aristas: los problemas y los retos; la finalidad es reflexionar sobre la pertinencia de la implementación del Sistema. Presenta entonces una reseña sobre el SNET, los problemas que busca enfrentar y una reflexión sobre su comprensión como política pública.
La mutación de la formación profesional a la educación terciaria en Colombia: Caso SENA
Authors: Franco Rincón José Luis
Published: May 2017

El siguiente artículo es una reflexión que surge como producto de un proceso de investigación sobre las prácticas pedagógicas del SENA y que pretende plantear interrogantes y discusiones sobre el paso de la institución hacia la educación terciaria. Este proceso ha motivado una serie de discusiones no solamente en el SENA sino también en las universidades sobre la naturaleza de la formación profesional y cómo esta se desarrolla en la educación terciaria y las implicaciones que trae tanto en términos curriculares como teleológicos y administrativos.
Diálogo de saberes agrícolas en el SENA de la Regional Guainía
Authors: Gonzalez Torres Fernando
Published: May 2017

El establecimiento de líneas de comunicación para lograr un efectivo intercambio de saberes es base fundamental de las prácticas pedagógicas exitosas en contextos de interculturalidad; contextos donde la educación diferenciada debe ser adoptada y reconocida como elemento conector de las culturas, con el propósito de lograr el reconocimiento de las relaciones entre los seres humanos en el espacio y el tiempo. En la búsqueda altruista del derecho que deben tener los habitantes de una comunidad para desplegar sus propias formas de vida; el presente artículo resalta estos elementos en la reconstrucción de una experiencia investigativa donde se realizó un diálogo de saberes con las comunidades de aprendices en el Centro Ambiental Ecoturístico del Nororiente Amazónico que aportó en introducción de elementos conceptuales en los procesos de cultivo de la yuca brava.
Hacia la comprensión de la Formación Técnica del Talento Humano en Salud: una experiencia de la línea de investigación en pedagogía y educación en salud del CFTHS
Authors: Díaz Reina Gabriel Augusto , Guevara Armenta Claudia Patricia , Juyó Macías Mónica Marcela , Medina Rosas Gerardo Arturo , Meza Aparicio Diego Antonio , Rodríguez Villamizar Rafael Enrique , Velásquez Orozco Claudia Patricia , Rojas Navarrete Fabiam Eduardo
Published: May 2017

El presente artículo de la Línea de Investigación en Educación y Pedagogía en Salud, perteneciente al grupo GISS del CFTHS del SENA, presenta de manera descriptiva avances de los logros alcanzados en la investigación multicéntrica para identificar y analizar la oferta cuantitativa y cualitativa de formación de trabajadores técnicos de salud en los países miembros de la RETS. Posteriormente se presenta el marco normativo actual para la formación del talento humano en salud en Colombia y algunas consideraciones en relación con la formación técnica de los trabajadores en salud.
¿Educación terciaria? Claro que sí, pero no así
Authors: Pilonieta Germán
Published: May 2017

[Sin resumen]
Utilization of Maternal and Child Health Care Services and Nutritional Status of Under Five Children in Bungmati Village Development Committee, Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Buna , Shrestha S
Published: May 2017

IntroductionMaternal and child health care services is essential component to promote family health. Despite of being provided free of cost, adequate utilization on of services is still the issue affecting health of both mother and child in Nepal.Objective The objective of this study was to assess the utilization of Maternal and child health care services and nutritional status of under five children in Bungmati Village Development Committee Lalitpur, NepalMethodologyDescriptive cross sectional study was conducted in Bungmati VDC of Lalitpur district, Nepal among one hundred and fifty households having either under five children, postnatal mothers or pregnant women which was selected purposively based on the objectives of the study. Data was collected by using interview guidelines and anthropometric measurement of children under five was taken. Collected data were analyzed in SPSS.ResultsRegarding utilization  of maternal health care services, 90.9% had done their four-time antenatal checkup, 94.2% had delivered their baby at hospital and 65% married women of reproductive age were using one of the family planning methods. Likewise, immunization of under five children showed 100% BCG coverage, 88% pentavalent DPT and Polio, 77% Measles and low coverage of inject able Polio vaccine. About Nutritional status of under five children, more than half (57%) of the child were underweight, 41% were stunted and 20% of them were wasted.ConclusionUtilization of maternal health care services is good though Coverage of family planning needs to be improved and Immunization program should be strengthened. Awareness program for improvement of nutritional status of the under five children should be planned to address nutritional problem of children.Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, page: 93-97
Anaesthesia for Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery: Study from a Hospital of Eastern Nepal
Authors: Karki Shambhu Bahadur , Rajbanshi LK , Ariyal Batsalya , Shrestha K
Published: May 2017

IntroductionCleft lip and palate deformity is the most common congenital birth defect caused by complex genetic and environmental factors. Pre-operative management of these patients is always challenging and anesthesia has a great role for the surgery.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to evaluate the outcomes including pre-operative election of cases, intra-operative and  post-operative complications in pediatric patients.MethodologyThis is retrospective study conducted on cleft lip and palate repair patients between the ages of 3 months to 12 years, operated under general anesthesia during last six years at Morang Co-operative Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal. Total 570 patients were assessed with preoperative, intra-operative and post-operative parameters, complications and managements. The MS Excel office and SPSS software was used to analyze the data.ResultsAmong 570 patients about one third came from the high mountain and hilly region and the rest from the Tarai. The maximum travel _me to reach the hospital was 2 days. The percentage of cancellation was 22.13% and was mainly due to the respiratory problems. Among 570 patients 352(61.75%) were males. While classifying the cases, 202 cases were presented with only cleft lip, 325 cleft lip and palate combined and 43 patients with isolated cleft palate. Narcotics were not used for analgesia and analgesia maintained with other measures. There was no intra and post-operative death and none of the patient received intra-operative blood transfusion.ConclusionCleft lip and palate surgery in pediatric patients is possible in any hospitals when trained man power and proper operating and post-operative setup is available. Anesthesia for cleft lip and palate is challenging associated with several complications requiring continuous and vigilant anesthetic supervision and management for the better outcome.Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 127-133
Hospital Based Study of Poisoning Among Children, 1 to 18 Years of Age in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Rwimal Hem Sagar , Tiwari U , Ghimire K , Thapa M
Published: May 2017

IntroductionThe poisoning among children had been a major cause of hospital admission and also a significant global health problem throughout the world including Nepal. There are various studies suggestive of incidence rate of poisoning in children ranging from 0.74% to 3%. In older children, poisoning is usually intentional where as in infants and younger children it is accidental in nature There are few studies done in Nepal and they are mainly from Kathmandu valley, this study will add more information from eastern region of Nepal.ObjectiveThis study aimed to find out the type of poisoning among children and adolescents, manner of poisoning and its outcomes.MethodologyThis was a retrospective study carried out at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital over a period of one year starting from  1st  August 2014 to 31 July 2015. This study included all the children and adolescents of 1 to 18 years of age admitted to pediatric ward and ICU for the management of poisoning. The information including name of poisons, manner of poisoning, socio-economic and demographic factors related to poisoning, geographical distribution of sample population, durations of hospital stay and outcome of treatment were retrieved from the records. The data was analyzed using SPSS. Susceptibility, urinary tract infection, uropathogens.ResultsA total of 64 cases were studied. It included almost the same number of males (n=31) and females (n=33). The age group of 13-18 years had the largest prevalence of poisoning (n=22). Organo-phosphorus (n=25) was the commonest poison. As the study was conducted in a tertiary care center of eastern Nepal located at Biratnagar, Morang district, a majority of the cases (39) were from Morang. A total of 41% children required hospital stay for more than 7 days where as 37% of them required 5-7 days of hospital stay and only 22% children stayed for 1-4 days in the hospital. No mortality was noted.ConclusionThe pediatric poisoning in eastern Nepal is a significant public health issue and nature of poisoning was accidental followed by suicidal. The commonest age group involved is adolescence, which highlights the need for education and implementation of suicidal prevention programming this region. The higher prevalence of accidental poisoning in first two year of life necessitates the need of child safety and injury prevention program in the community.  Birat Journal of Health Sciences Vol.2/No.1/Issue 2/ Jan - April 2017, Page: 138-141
Das Produktionssteuerungskonzept „Perlenkette“
Authors: Weyer Matthias , Spath Dieter
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Sich verändernde Marktbedingungen führen zunehmend zu einer logistik- und kundenorientierten Umgestaltung der Prozesslandschaft. Insbesondere die Produktionssteuerungskonzepte müssen hierauf angepasst werden. Geeignete Benchmarks und Kennzahlen sind bereitzustellen, die die neue Prozesslandschaft beherrschbar und transparent machen. Folgender Artikel ist der erste einer zweiteiligen Beitragsreihe, die diese Thematik beleuchtet. Er konzentriert sich auf die „Perlenkette“, einem neu entwickelten Produktionssteuerungskonzept, dessen Kerngedanke die Umsetzung eines geradlinigen Auftragsflusses ist.
Strategisches Management in dynamischer Umwelt
Authors: Haak René
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Die Volksrepublik China gewinnt als Markt und Produktionsstandort für die international tätige Automobilindustrie zunehmend an Bedeutung. Gleichzeitig stellt die Automobilbranche mit ihrer Zulieferindustrie für die chinesische Regierung eine der wichtigsten Säulen der wirtschaftlichen und technologischen Entwicklung des Landes dar. Aus dem Blickwinkel des strategischen Managements international tätiger Automobilhersteller stehen die gegenwärtigen Investitionen in den chinesischen Markt im Zeichen der Globalisierung und des verschärften internationalen Wettbewerbs.
Kreativität und Konstruktion
Authors: Mittelstraß Jürgen
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Die Zeiten, in denen gute Philosophen auch gute Konstrukteure waren, wie etwa zu Zeiten Leonardo da Vincis, sind längst vorbei. Der kontemplierende und der konstruierende Verstand haben sich auseinander entwickelt – auch in der Universität. Deshalb darf von einem Vertreter der Zunft der Philosophen auch nicht erwartet werden, dass er kompetenterweise etwas zu dem beitragen könnte, was den ingenieurwissenschaftlichen Sachverstand unter den Stichworten Kreativität und Konstruktion bewegt. Die Lage ist wirklich schwierig – auf beiden Seiten, der der Kreativität und der der Konstruktion. Denn: der Begriff der Kreativität scheint klar zu sein, ist es aber nicht; der Begriff der Konstruktion ist klar, aber von dem der technischen Konstruktion versteht der Philosoph nichts.
Geometrische Objekterkennung
Authors: Melis Joachim , Bérubé Jean-Noel
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Der Mensch ist technischen Systemen nach wie vor in vielen Aspekten überlegen. Aber die Technik holt auf. Die Identifikation und Analyse von Gegenständen mittels Bildverarbeitung ist ein Bereich, in dem der Mensch seinen Vorsprung gegenüber der Technik mehr und mehr verliert. „Geometrische Objekterkennung“ heißt das Zauberwort, das einen weiteren Meilenstein bei der Entwicklung von Bildverarbeitungssystemen setzt.
Einsatz von Prozesskennlinien bei der Produktionsplanung
Authors: Mertins Kai , Jäkel Frank-Walter
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Der wirtschaftliche Erfolg eines Unternehmens wird maßgeblich durch die logistikorientierte Prozessgestaltung sowie eine angepasste Prozesslenkung bestimmt. Zur Unterstützung der Produktionsplanung haben sich objektorientierte Geschäftsprozessmodelle vielfach bewährt. Das Konkurrieren verschiedener Prozesse um begrenzte Ressourcen kann mit diesen jedoch kaum berücksichtigt werden. Logistische Kennlinien hingegen ermöglichen es, das Leistungs- und Durchlaufzeitverhalten eines Arbeitssystems abzubilden und die Wirkungen von Maßnahmen an den Ressourcen vorauszubestimmen.
Produktivität komplexer Produktionsanlagen
Authors: Wiendahl Hans-Peter , Hegenscheidt Matthias
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Häufig erfolgt eine Bewertung der Verfügbarkeit von komplexen Produktionssystemen ausschließlich auf Basis der lokalen, d.h. stationsbezogenen Informationen. Die effektiven Auswirkungen einzelner Stillstände auf das gesamte Produktionssystem bleiben damit unberücksichtigt. Im folgenden Beitrag wird daher ein Ansatz zur Ermittlung und Bewertung des Einflusses einzelner technischer und organisatorischer Stillstände auf das verkettete Gesamtsystem vorgestellt und anhand eines Beispiels erläutert.
Chancen und Risiken für das textile Greifen
Authors: Steinke Olaf , Stephan Jörg
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Zur Nutzung von Rationalisierungspotenzialen fordert die Textilindustrie die Automatisierung von Greif- und Handhabungsaufgaben. Herkömmliche Greifer weisen allerdings eine geringe Flexibilität aus und beschädigen die Textilien sehr leicht. Gefriergreifer bieten im Gegensatz dazu beim Handhaben von Bekleidungstextilien sowie anderer technischer Textilien bzw. Gewebe eine sichere, beschädigungsfreie und zeitsparende Alternative. In diesem Beitrag werden zunächst der mechanische, pneumatische und Adhäsionsgreifer vorgestellt, bevor näher auf den Gefriergreifer eingegangen wird.
Terminologie ist die Wissenschaft der Benennung
Authors: Spur Günter
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Die Terminologie der Produktionswirtschaft ist durch technologische und ökonomische Begriffswelten geprägt. Hinzu kommt der Sprachgebrauch der Praxis. Eine Systematisierung der komplexen Begriffe wird durch Integration der Informationstechnik zunehmend notwendig. Dabei sind fortschrittsbedingte Zwänge zur Veränderung vertrauter Definitionen unvermeidbar. Verständigungsnormen zur eindeutigen und rationellen Verständigung terminologischer Sachverhalte, Zeichen oder Systeme haben eine zunehmende internationale Bedeutung erlangt.
Planung und Bewertung verteilter Prozessketten
Authors: Teich Tobias , Mehnert Jens , Dürr Holger
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Der vorliegende Beitrag beschreibt verteilte Prozessketten als Lösungsansatz für die Prozessplanung innerhalb hierarchieloser regionaler Produktionsnetzwerke. Ein wichtiger Bestandteil dieses Modells ist das AHP-Verfahren zur Bewertung von Kompetenzzellen. Die Kompetenzzellenbewertung wird anhand eines Beispiels veranschaulicht.
Innovationsprojekte durch Erfolgsfaktoren gestalten
Authors: Söndgerath Björn , Kuhn Mario , Reißer Martin
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Die erfolgreiche Umsetzung von Innovationsvorhaben ist eine wesentliche Voraussetzung für den dauerhaften Unternehmenserfolg. Zwar reicht ein Projekterfolg noch nicht, um sich auch am Markt zu behaupten. Er stellt jedoch die Grundlage dafür dar. Die vom Fraunhofer IFF identifizierten Erfolgsfaktoren spielen eine signifikante Rolle zur Unterstützung der Zielerreichung. Daher ist es von entscheidender Bedeutung, die Erfolgsfaktoren proaktiv zu gestalten. Empirische Untersuchungen belegen den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Projekterfolg und den Erfolgsfaktoren. Allerdings müssen diese Erfolgsfaktoren unternehmensspezifisch operationalisiert werden.
Dezentrale Projektabwicklung via Internet steuern
Authors: Rückert Edvard , Kemmner Götz-Andreas , Jürgens Martin
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Der Trend in der Automobilindustrie steht unter dem Motto „Kürzere Produktlebenszyklen und schnellere Time-to-Market“. Um diese stetig steigenden Herausforderungen bewältigen zu können, setzen die vielfach mittelständisch strukturierten Zulieferunternehmen alles daran, die Zusammenarbeit in der vertikalen Lieferantenkette zu synchronisieren. Mit konventionellen Mitteln ist dies jedoch äußerst mühselig. Das Internet eröffnet jetzt die Chance, das dezentrale Projektmanagement durch zentrale Datenhaltung zu vereinfachen. In einem gemeinsamen Projekt von sechs Automobilzuliefer-Unternehmen wird hierzu eine Internet-Kooperationsplattform namens Kopl@ entwickelt, die die Zusammenarbeit der Entwicklungsmitarbeiter der beteiligten Unternehmen zentral strukturieren soll.
Die „Produktionslandkarte“
Authors: Matt Dominik
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

In diesem Beitrag wird eine Methodik vorgestellt, die die produktive Neu- bzw. Umplanung von Fabrikanlagen unterstützt: die „Produktionslandkarte“. Sie bietet dem Fabrik- und Produktionsplaner Orientierung bei der Strukturierung und Steuerung komplexer Planungsprojekte und hilft gleichzeitig, Produktivitätspotenziale zu erkennen und systematisch zu erschließen. Anhand eines Beispiels wird die erfolgreiche Anwendung der Methode in der Praxis gezeigt.
Traum-Fabriken
Authors: Wortmann Dirk
Published: May 2017

Kurzfassung

Überall in der Industrie stricken Planer und Investoren an Konzepten für die „Digitale Fabrik“, allen voran die großen Automobilbauer. Die Werkzeuge des Digital Manufacturing und hier vor allem die Simulationstechnik ermöglichen den Unternehmen heute die virtuelle Darstellung komplexer Produktions- und Logistik-Landschaften. Die Basis dafür bildet hauptsächlich das Datenmaterial aus ERP-, PDM-, EDM- und CAD-Systemen.
Microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: can intraoperative lateral spread response monitoring improve surgical efficacy?
Authors: Wei Yongxu , Yang Wenlei , Zhao Weiguo , Pu Chunhua , Li Ning , Cai Yu , Shang Hanbing
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether intraoperative monitoring of lateral spread response (LSR) improves the efficacy of microvascular decompression (MVD) for hemifacial spasm (HFS).

METHODS

In this prospective study, patients undergoing MVD for HFS were assigned to one of 2 groups, Group A (MVD with intraoperative LSR monitoring) or Group B (MVD without LSR monitoring). Clinical outcome at 12 months after surgery was assessed through telephone survey. Data analysis was performed to investigate the effect of intraoperative LSR monitoring on efficacy of MVD.

RESULTS

A total of 283 patients were enrolled in the study, 145 in Group A and 138 in Group B. There was no statistically significant difference between the 2 groups with respect to the percentage of patients who had spasm relief at either 1 week (Group A 87.59% vs Group B 83.33%; p = 0.317) or 1 year (93.1% vs 94.2%; p = 0.809) after surgery. A clear-cut elimination of LSR during surgery was observed in 131 (90.34%) of 145 patients; LSR persisted in 14 patients (9.66%) at the end of the surgical procedure. Disappearance of LSR correlated with spasm-free status at 1 week postoperatively (p = 0.017) but not at 1 year postoperatively (p = 0.249).

CONCLUSIONS

Intraoperative LSR monitoring does not appear to provide significant benefit with respect to the outcome of MVD for HFS in skilled hands. Persistence of LSR does not always correlate with poor outcome, and LSR elimination should not be pursued in all patients after verification of complete decompression.
Risk factors for surgical site infections and assessment of vancomycin powder as a preventive measure in patients undergoing first-time cranioplasty
Authors: Abode-Iyamah Kingsley O. , Chiang Hsiu-Yin , Winslow Nolan , Park Brian , Zanaty Mario , Dlouhy Brian J. , Flouty Oliver E. , Rasmussen Zachary D. , Herwaldt Loreen A. , Greenlee Jeremy D.
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVE

Craniectomy is often performed to decrease intracranial pressure following trauma and vascular injuries. The subsequent cranioplasty procedures may be complicated by surgical site infections (SSIs) due to prior trauma, foreign implants, and multiple surgeries through a common incision. Several studies have found that intrawound vancomycin powder (VP) is associated with decreased risk of SSIs after spine operations. However, no previously published study has evaluated the effectiveness of VP in cranioplasty procedures. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intrawound VP is associated with decreased risk of SSIs, to evaluate VP’s safety, and to identify risk factors for SSIs after cranioplasty among patients undergoing first-time cranioplasty.

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult patients undergoing first-time cranioplasty for indications other than infections from January 1, 2008, to July 31, 2014, at an academic health center. Data on demographics, possible risk factors for SSIs, and treatment with VP were collected from the patients’ electronic health records.

RESULTS

During the study period, 258 patients underwent first-time cranioplasties, and 15 (5.8%) of these patients acquired SSIs. Ninety-two patients (35.7%) received intrawound VP (VP group) and 166 (64.3%) did not (no-VP group). Patients in the VP group and the no-VP group were similar with respect to age, sex, smoking history, body mass index, and SSI rates (VP group 6.5%, no-VP group 5.4%, p = 0.72). Patients in the VP group were less likely than those in the no-VP group to have undergone craniectomy for tumors and were more likely to have an American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status score > 2. Intrawound VP was not associated with other postoperative complications. Risk factors for SSI from the bivariable analyses were diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 3.65, 95% CI 1.07–12.44), multiple craniotomy procedures before the cranioplasty (OR 4.39, 95% CI 1.47–13.18), prior same-side craniotomy (OR 4.73, 95% CI 1.57–14.24), and prosthetic implants (OR 4.51, 95% CI 1.40–14.59). The multivariable analysis identified prior same-side craniotomy (OR 3.37, 95% CI 1.06–10.79) and prosthetic implants (OR 3.93, 95% CI 1.15–13.40) as significant risk factors for SSIs. After adjusting for potential confounders, patients with SSIs were more likely than those without SSIs to be readmitted (OR 7.28, 95% CI 2.07–25.60).

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, intrawound VP was not associated with a decreased risk of SSIs or with an increased risk of complications. Prior same-side craniotomy and prosthetic implants were risk factors for SSI after first-time cranioplasty.
Extracranial internal carotid artery dissection caused by compression from a giant osteophyte due to atlantoaxial osteoarthritis: case report
Authors: Ikedo Taichi , Nakamura Kazuhito , Sano Noritaka , Nagata Manabu , Okada Yumiko , Kawakami Taichiro , Murata Takaho
Published: May 2017

Deformed osseous structures have been reported as rare causes of extracranial internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection, including the styloid process and the hyoid bone. Here, the authors describe the first known case of symptomatic ICA dissection caused by a giant osteophyte due to atlantoaxial osteoarthritis. The left ICA was fixed at the skull base and at the ICA portion compressed by the osteophyte, and it was highly stretched and injured between the two portions during neck rotation. The patient was successfully treated with ligation of the affected ICA following balloon test occlusion. Atlantoaxial osteoarthritis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of ICA dissection in patients with a severely deformed cervical spine.
Delivery of Goods in the Custody of a Third Party: the Role of the Custodier
Authors: Anderson Craig
Published: May 2017

This article is concerned with delivery of goods that are in the custody of a third party, rather than that of the transferor or transferee, this delivery being effected by intimation to the custodier. Building on the idea that delivery here is based on an assignation of the transferor's right to enforce the duties owed by the custodier, the article considers the role of the custodier in the process. In particular, consideration is given to whether any action on the custodier's part is necessary to complete the process of delivery, and whether there must be a contractual relationship between the custodier and the transferor for this form of delivery to operate.
Troubled Men: Ageing, Dementia and Masculinity in Contemporary British Crime Drama
Authors: Wearing Sadie
Published: May 2017

Focusing on three recent British film and television crime dramas, Mr Holmes (2015), The Fear (C4, 2012) and the English language version of Wallander (BBC, 2008–16), this article argues that older men in these texts are a site through which contemporary social and cultural anxieties about ageing and dementia are played out in highly gendered ways that link to social and philosophical reflections on power, autonomy and selfhood. The dramas, while very different in affective orientation and tone, nonetheless all produce reflections on the meanings of memory loss within figurations of masculinity in the crime genre which have a broader significance for thinking through the representational dilemmas of dementia.
The Effectiveness of a New School-Based Media Literacy Intervention on Adolescents’ Doping Attitudes and Supplements Use
Authors: Lucidi Fabio , Mallia Luca , Alivernini Fabio , Chirico Andrea , Manganelli Sara , Galli Federica , Biasi Valeria , Zelli Arnaldo
Published: May 2017

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a media literacy intervention targeting, for the first time, the specific topic of Performance and Appearance Enhancing Substances (PAESs) use in high-school students. Overall, 389 students (52% male) aged between 13 and 19 years (mean = 16.56 year;SD= 1.26) participated to a media literacy intervention (i.e., “intervention group”) while 103 students aged between 14 and 19 year (mean = 16.10 year;SD= 1.38) were considered as the control group (i.e., “control group”). In two separate occasions over the course of six consecutive months, students in both groups filled out a set of questionnaires which included measures of social-cognitive beliefs (i.e., attitudes, subjective norms, intentions) and a self-reported measure of retrospective use of doping (Yes/No) and supplements (Yes/No). Compared to students in the control group (Mean(time1)= 1.96; SD(time1)= 0.85; and Mean(time2)= 2.09; SD(time2)= 0.94), intervention students on average expressed relatively stronger attitudes against doping use over time (Mean(time1)= 2.2; SD(time1)= 0.85; and Mean(time2)= 2.05; SD(time2)= 0.82). Students in the latter group also showed a statistically significant decrease in self-reported supplement use (Use(time1)= 6.7%; Use(time2)= 3.8%;p= 0.05, McNemar Test). Interestingly, albeit marginally significant, students in the control group showed a relative increment in the self-reported use of supplements over time (Use(time1)= 4.9%; Use(time2)= 8.7%;p= 0.22, McNemar Test). Overall, the media literacy intervention investigated in the present study was effective in decreasing adolescent student’s positive attitudes toward doping use and in reducing the use of legal PAES. These findings supported the generalizability and the usefulness of a media literacy approach in the specific field of PAES.
Catechol-Containing Hydroxylated Biomimetic 4-Thiaflavanes as Inhibitors of Amyloid Aggregation
Authors: Ramazzotti Matteo , Paoli Paolo , Tiribilli Bruno , Viglianisi Caterina , Menichetti Stefano , Degl’innocenti Donatella
Published: May 2017

The study of compounds able to interfere in various ways with amyloid aggregation is of paramount importance in amyloid research. Molecules characterized by a 4-thiaflavane skeleton have received great attention in chemical, medicinal, and pharmaceutical research. Such molecules, especially polyhydroxylated 4-thiaflavanes, can be considered as structural mimickers of several natural polyphenols that have been previously demonstrated to bind and impair amyloid fibril formation. In this work, we tested five different 4-thiaflavanes on the hen egg-white lysozyme (HEWL) amyloid model for their potential anti-amyloid properties. By combining a thioflavin T assay, atomic force microscopy, and a cell toxicity assay, we demonstrated that such compounds can impair the formation of high-order amyloid aggregates and mature fibrils. Despite this, the tested 4-thiaflavanes, although non-toxic per se, are not able to prevent amyloid toxicity on human neuroblastoma cells. Rather, they proved to block early aggregates in a stable, toxic conformation. Accordingly, 4-thiaflavanes can be proposed for further studies aimed at identifying blocking agents for the study of toxicity mechanisms of amyloid aggregation.
Neonatal and Maternal 25-OH Vitamin D Serum Levels in Neonates with Early-Onset Sepsis
Authors: Gamal Taha , Madiha Abd-Allah , Hanan Mostafa , Abdel-Azeem Mohamed , Marian Gamil
Published: May 2017

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that is important for calcium metabolism and plays an important role in the immune functions. The aim of this study was to measure neonatal and maternal 25-OH vitamin D serum levels in neonates with early onset sepsis. The study included fifty neonates with early onset sepsis (25 full-term and 25 preterm infants) and thirty age and sex matched healthy neonates as controls. After history taking and clinical examination, complete blood count, C-reactive protein and 25-OH vitamin D serum levels (neonatal and maternal) were measured for all neonates. The mean gestational age for neonates with sepsis was (37.5 ± 0.98 for full term and 34.1 ± 1.26 for preterm neonates). Neonatal and maternal 25-OH vitamin D serum levels were significantly lower in patients (6.4 ± 1.8 and 24.6 ± 2.2 nmol/L) than controls (42.5 ± 20.7 and 50.4 ± 21.4 nmol/L). Significant negative correlations between neonatal and maternal 25-OH vitamin D serum levels and all sepsis markers and significant positive correlations between neonatal and maternal 25-OH vitamin D levels were present. At cut-off values <20 nmol/L for neonatal and <42 nmol/L for maternal 25-OH vitamin D for detection of neonatal sepsis, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predicted value (PPV) and negative predicted value (NPV) were 84%, 79%, 94.7% and 82.3% for neonatal and 82%, 77%, 91.4% and 80.6% for maternal 25-OH vitamin D, respectively. Positive correlations between neonatal and maternal 25-OH Vitamin D serum levels are present and they are negatively correlated with all sepsis markers. They can be sensitive early predictors for early onset sepsis in neonates.