bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The NS2B-PP1α-eIF2α axis: Inhibiting stress granule formation and Boosting Zika virus replication
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Zhang Linliang , Liu Cong , Cheng Qi , Zhao Wen , Chen Pu , Qin Yali , Chen Mingzhou
Published: June 2024

Stress granules (SGs), formed by untranslated messenger ribonucleoproteins (mRNPs) during cellular stress in eukaryotes, have been linked to flavivirus interference without clear understanding. This study reveals the role of Zika virus (ZIKV) NS2B as a scaffold protein mediating interaction between protein phosphatase 1α (PP1α) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). This interaction promotes eIF2α dephosphorylation by PP1α, inhibiting SG formation. The NS2B-PP1α complex exhibits remarkable stability, resisting ubiquitin-induced degradation and amplifying eIF2α dephosphorylation, thus promoting ZIKV replication. In contrast, the NS2BV35A mutant, interacting exclusively with eIF2α, fails to inhibit SG formation, resulting in reduced viral replication and diminished impact on brain organoid growth. These findings reveal PP1α’s dual role in ZIKV infection, inducing interferon production as an antiviral factor and suppressing SG formation as a viral promoter. Moreover, we found that NS2B also serves as a versatile mechanism employed by flaviviruses to counter host antiviral defenses, primarily by broadly inhibiting SG formation. This research advances our comprehension of the complex interplay in flavivirus-host interactions, offering potential for innovative therapeutic strategies against flavivirus infections.
Pharmacological Treatment of Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy: A Critical Review of Current Evidence
Authors: Levett Jordan J , Georgiopoulos Miltiadis , Martel Simon , Mugheiry Wissam Al , Stavropoulos Nikolaos A. , Vega-Arroyo Miguel , Santaguida Carlo , Weber Michael H. , Golan Jeff D. , Jarzem Peter , Ouellet Jean A. , Klironomos Georgios , Demetriades Andreas K.
Published: June 2024

Degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) is the leading cause of spinal cord dysfunction in adults, representing substantial morbidity and significant financial and resource burdens. Typically, patients with progressive DCM will eventually receive surgical treatment. Nonetheless, despite advancements in pharmacotherapeutics, evidence for pharmacological therapy remains limited. Health professionals from various fields would find interest in pharmacological agents that could benefit patients with mild DCM or enhance surgical outcomes. This review aims to consolidate all clinical and experimental evidence on the pharmacological treatment of DCM. We conducted a comprehensive narrative review that presents all pharmacological agents that have been investigated for DCM treatment in both humans and animal models. Riluzole exhibits effectiveness solely in rat models, but not in treating mild DCM in humans. Cerebrolysin emerges as a potential neuroprotective agent for myelopathy in animals but had contradictory results in clinical trials. Limaprost alfadex demonstrates motor function improvement in animal models and exhibits promising outcomes in a small clinical trial. Glucocorticoids not only fail to provide clinical benefits but may also lead to adverse events. Cilostazol, anti-Fas ligand antibody, and Jingshu Keli display promise in animal studies, while erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and limaprost alfadex exhibit potential in both animal and human research. Existing evidence mainly rests on weak clinical data and animal experimentation. Current pharmacological efforts target ion channels, stem cell differentiation, inflammatory, vascular, and apoptotic pathways. The inherent nature and pathogenesis of DCM offer substantial prospects for developing neurodegenerative or neuroprotective therapies capable of altering disease progression, potentially delaying surgical intervention, and optimizing outcomes for those undergoing surgical decompression.
Preliminary Clinical and Radiological Outcomes of the “No-Punch” Decompression Techniques for Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery
Authors: Pao Jwo-Luen
Published: June 2024

Objective: To avoid the most offending surgical instrument for dural tears, we develop a “no-punch” decompression technique for unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE) spine surgery.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 68 consecutive patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis segments. The treatment results were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) for low back and leg pain, the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Radiological outcomes were evaluated using the preoperative and postoperative magnetic resonance imaging.Results: This study included 36 male and 32 female patients who received 109 segments of decompression, with an average age of 68.7 (37–90 years). The average operation time was 52.2 minutes. The average hospital stay was 3.1 days. There were no dural tears but 3 minor surgical complications, all treated conservatively. The VAS for low back and leg pain improved from 4.6 and 7.0 to 0.8 and 1.2. The JOA score improved from 16.2 to 26.8, with an improvement rate of 82.0%. The ODI improved from 50.1 to 18.7. All these improvements were statistically significant. The cross-sectional dural area improved from 61.1 to 151.3 mm2, with an average increase of 90.2 mm2 and 205.3%. 87.1% of the ipsilateral facet joints and 84.7% of the contralateral facet joints were preserved. In 61% of the decompressed segments, the ipsilateral facet joints were preserved better than the contralateral facet joints.Conclusion: The UBE “no-punch” decompression technique effectively avoids the dural tears. It provides effective neural decompression, excellent facet joint preservation, and good treatment outcomes.
Effects of Silane Coupling Agents on Physical Properties of Simultaneous Biaxially Stretched Polylactide Film
Authors: Phongtamrug Suttinun , Pilasen Patakorn , Ridthitid Kitiya
Published: June 2024

Simultaneous biaxial stretching by using high speed was shown to improve the toughness of the polylactide (PLA) film. Additionally, a silane coupling agent was utilized to increase the mechanical strength of the product by either physical or chemical bonding. Different types of silane coupling agents influenced product properties. In this study, three types of silane coupling agents, i.e. (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane (CPS), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (DMS), were selected and compounded with PLA by using 0.1–2 phr. This work investigated the effects of the blended silane coupling agent on the physical properties of biaxially stretched PLA films. The blended PLA sheets were manufactured by using a chill-roll cast film extruder and the biaxially stretched films were prepared by a biaxial stretcher. An existing silane coupling agent in PLA films was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Furthermore, thermal and tensile properties of the obtained films were determined. Flexibility of biaxially stretched PLA film with a diamino silane coupling agent was increased while its stiffness was maintained. Elongation at break of the biaxially stretched PLA film blending with DMS was increased more than 2 times. Moreover, oxygen gas permeability and water vapor permeability of the biaxially stretched PLA films with 2 phr of APS and CPS were increased compared to those of the neat one. This work provided the structural effect of coupling agents on the physical properties of biaxially stretched PLA film.
High-resolution biostratigraphic zonation across the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary from the Sulaymaniyah area, Kurdistan Region, Northeastern Iraq
Authors: Ghafour Imad M. , Mustafa Asaad I. , Mohialdeen Ibrahim M. , Mansurbeg Howri
Published: June 2024

The present study interprets the high resolution of the biostratigraphy across the Cretaceous/Paleogene (K/Pg) boundary from Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, and north-east Iraq, based on planktic foraminifera. The Dartw section was selected for this study, within the High Folded Zone. The biozone contact consists of lithostratigraphic resemblance and is represented by the upper part of the Tanjero Formation (late Maastrichtian) with the overlying Kolosh Formation (Danian). Four late Maastrichtian planktic foraminiferal biozones have been recorded from the Tanjero Formation: Racemiguembelina fructicosa Interval Zone (CF4), Pseudoguembelina hariaensis Concurrent Range Zone (CF3),Pseudoguembelina palpebra Partial Range Zone (CF2), and Plummerita hantkeninoides Total Range Zone (CF1), while three Danian planktic foraminiferal biozones and two subzones have been recorded from the Kolosh Formation: (Guembelitria cretacea (P0) Interval Zone, Parvularugoglobigerina eugubina (Pα) Total Range Zone, and Parasubbotina pseudobulloides (P1) Partial-Range Zone (Globoanomalina archaeocompressa (P1a) Partial Range Subzone, and Subbotina triloculinoides (P1b) Interval Subzone). High biostratigraphic resolution indicates a complete K/Pg transition with no hiatus at the studied section in the Sulaymaniyah area. The ranges of the species recognized in this study are given. Correlations with other sections in Iraq and other parts of the world, including the typeMaastrichtian and Danian areas, are discussed and represented in correlation charts, together with the ranges of the important Upper Maastrichtian and Paleocene species.
Assessment of the Current State and Prospects for the Development of the Digital Economy of the Republic of Azerbaijan
Authors: ABDULLAYEV Kamran , BADALOVA Sevda , MUSTAFAYEV Asif , ZEYNALOV Mahir , BABAYEVA Aynur
Published: June 2024

Azerbaijan, along with other advanced countries in the world, is currently characterised by the intensive development of digital economies. That is why the issue of the main directions of development of the information and technology environment in the Azerbaijani economy is relevant. The research aims to study and summarise aspects of the current state and peculiarities of the development of the digital economy of Azerbaijan. The study used the induction, deduction, analysis, systematisation, SWOT analysis methods. Azerbaijan is a fairly developed industrial and agricultural country, but the country’s economic environment is unstable. The development of the digital economy is negatively affected by a decrease in funding and a decline in the production of high-tech goods. However, the biggest problem is the low level of digital literacy of the population. Accordingly, the main directions for the development of digitalisation of economic processes in Azerbaijan should be measures to expand education in the field of information and computer technologies with the involvement of foreign specialists and introduce mandatory courses to improve the skills of digital specialists. The main factors in the development of Azerbaijan’s digital economy are foreign investment and human capital. Thus, the practical significance of the study is that the main established directions of formation of the digital economy in Azerbaijan can be used in further works of scientists to improve digitalisation in the country, and the established main educational direction can be used by the Azerbaijani authorities to bring the country to the world level following digital technologies.
Specifics of Using C.G. Jung’s Archetypes in Business Consulting Activities: Myths and Reality
Authors: REXHEPI Burhan Reshat , MUSTAFA Labeat , SADIKU Mejreme Krasniqi , BERISHA Burim Isa , XHAFERI Besa Seadin , REXHEPI Orhan Reshat
Published: June 2024

A trend of accelerated production and, consequently, consumption has led to the growing role of marketing in business consulting activities. The relevance of this research is conditioned upon the crisis in the marketing sphere, the inability of marketers to understand consumers in the era of market saturation, and the great significance of the practical application of C.G. Jung’s archetypes to express brand identity. The purpose of this research is to identify the specifics of using Jung archetypes in business activities, to identify specific valid archetypes that can personalise a brand, to debunk myths regarding the effectiveness of using Jung’s theory. The theoretical foundation of the research is Jung’s archetypes model, further research and applied scientific developments of scientists, were devoted to the problem of archetypes theory and their application to increase the effectiveness of branding. The methodological approach is based on a qualitative combination of modelling and system analysis methods. The main results obtained in the framework of this scientific research should be considered the identification of specific valid Jung archetypes for improving the effectiveness of business consulting activities, exposing myths and reality in the outdated theory of archetypes, identifying ways and means of developing archetypes on the example of specific brands. The results of this scientific research and the conclusions bear significant significance for employees of the marketing sphere. The article identifies the cultural influence on the brand archetype, which is an essential criterion for marketers, economists and generalists when choosing a business marketing strategy.
The Impact of Economic Recession on the Financial Support of State Functions during Crisis Situations
Authors: ARTEMCHUK Mykyta , MARUKHLENKO Oksana , SOKROVOLSKA Nataliia , MAZUR Hennadii , RIZNYK Dmytro
Published: June 2024

The state faces significant challenges in fulfilling its functions during a recession, and crises only exacerbate the problems that arise. However, it is precisely during crises that adequate social security, defense, and other state functions are critically important for ensuring national and individual public interests. The purpose of the study was to analyze the impact of economic recession on the level of financial support for state functions during a crisis. The study used methods of statistical analysis, comparative analysis, analogy, abstraction, and generalization. As a result of the study, the revenues of the state budget of Ukraine and its financing were analyzed as the main sources of financial support for state functions. It was found that the share of tax revenues decreased from 85.37% in 2021 to 45.04% in 2023, which poses a threat to the state's ability to perform its functions. Significant budget financing amounts (31094 million USD in 2022 and 42479.15 million USD in 2023) positively influenced the country's defense capability but led to an increase in the state debt. Insufficient gold and foreign exchange reserves and the state debt reaching the GDP volume are the most negative trends. By analyzing international experience, it was determined that Ukraine should pay high attention to optimizing internal revenue sources, especially tax revenues, through fiscal incentives and ensuring tax discipline. It is also necessary to develop long-term strategies for repaying the state debt and international cooperation. The research results can be useful for government officials in the process of developing budget and tax policies.
Green Products in Banks. Case of an Emerging Country
Authors: JABER Yasmina , SALEM Faten Nasfi
Published: June 2024

This paper explored in depth the issue of green finance within Tunisian banks. The main objective of this research was to understand how Banks can play a significant role in the development of green finance in Tunisia. In a first step, we explained the undeniable importance of green finance which presents an essential pillar of the transition towards a more sustainable and environmentally friendly economy. Financial institutions play a vital role in promoting green financial products. Banks have started to offer products and services focused on sustainability. However, these efforts are insufficient, and it is necessary to strengthen them. For this, we examined the perception of Tunisian customers towards the green financial products of Banks as well as the factors influencing their attitudes, a detailed survey reveals that awareness is growing and that trust and relevance are crucial elements to encourage their adoption. In conclusion, this work has highlighted the importance of green finance in the Tunisian context. It offers food for thought for decision-makers, practitioners, and researchers who wish to contribute to the sustainable development of the banking sector in Tunisia.
The Role of Investment in the Production Equipment Modernization and Its Effect on Productivity
Authors: VOYTSEKHOVSKA Yuliya , BUBLYK Lilia , KUKHARUK Anna , PURHANI Safar Hasan , BILOVA Natalia
Published: June 2024

Purpose: The aim of the study is to determine the role of investment in the production equipment modernization and to assess the impact of this investment on the company’s productivity.
Methodology: The research employed calculation of the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), as well as the Net Present Value (NPV), Profitability Index (PI) as the methods. The final stage was the application of the correlation coefficient. For the company Builders FirstSource Inc used as an example the calculated WACC was 8.74%, for Hardie Industries plc. this figure was 9.31, for Boral — 4.3%, and for Grafton plc — 5.6%. The Profitability Index was 1.30 (Builders FirstSource Inc,), 2.34 (Hardie Industries plc), 1.51 and 1.46 for Boral and Grafton plc. The Net Present Value (NPV) amounted to $10,863 million and $128,173 million for Builders FirstSource Inc and Hardie Industries plc., respectively.
Findings: The study showed a close relationship between productivity and investment in equipment modernization, as the correlation coefficients are 0.991 (Builders FirstSource Inc,), 0.994 (Hardie Industries plc), 0.83 (Boral), and 0.97 (Grafton plc), indicating a close correlation. The obtained results can be successfully used by manufacturing companies to assess the feasibility of investment in modernization.
Originality: A possible direction of further research is the introduction of gradation of investments in modernization, with clarification of the types of modernization and the type of equipment that will be modernized.
Ein Jahrzehnt angewandte Forschung für Raumordnung und Städtebau
Authors: Türke Klaus
Published: June 2024

Die zentralen Probleme in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland sind heute der Schutz der Umwelt und die Sicherung bzw. Fortentwicklung der Arbeitsmärkte. Beide Problembereiche haben eine ausgeprägte räumliche Komponente; Raumordnung und Städtebau sind also sowohl bei der Problemanalyse als auch bei der Entwicklung von Lösungskonzepten gefordert.Ausgehend von der Fragestellung, inwieweit angewandte Forschung Vorarbeiten zur Bewältigung der Aufgaben geleistet hat, wird das „Mittelfristige Forschungsprogramm Raumordnung und Städtebau“ (MFPRS) in seiner Entwicklung über die letzten zehn Jahre beschrieben. Der Autor kommt zu dem Schluß, daß trotz einiger methodischer und inhaltlicher Schwerpunktverschiebungen eine recht hohe Kontinuität in den Zielsetzungen und der Effizienz bei der Bündelung von Forschungsprojekten und -ergebnissen erreicht wurde.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cervical Uterine Metastasis in Abdominal Wall: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Cahyono Endy , Iskandar Teuku Mirza , Ambari Ediwibowo , Eka Putra Very Great , Lubena Lubena , Wijaya Dibyo Mukti
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTBackground: About 80% of cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. After severe surgery for squamous cervical cancer, abdominal metastasis is an uncommon occurrence.Case Presentation: A 33-year-old lady was diagnosed with cervical cancer and had a radical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. The histopathological examination showed non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma moderately differentiated. A 6 cm suggestive metastatic mass from abdominal region came up three months later after the surgery. An abdominal wall reconstruction surgery was conducted as the treatment for the metastasis mass.Conclusion: The best course of treatment for cervical cancer is still unknown due to the rarity of abdominal metastases. Depending on the severity of the illness and the existence of metastases, each patient receives a unique course of treatment.Keywords: squamous cell carcinoma, hysterectomy, cervical malignancies
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 Variant Screening and Whole Genome Sequencing at an Indonesian Tertiary Hospitals
Authors: Hapsari Rebriarina , Kesumayadi Irfan , Sari Desvita , Anjarwati Dwi Utami , Alfiyuliani Nesia Hani , Mujahidah Mujahidah , Sari Iva Puspita , Hadi Purnomo
Published: June 2024

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), experienced a surge in cases with the emergence of the Omicron variant. Despite increasing vaccination coverage, Indonesia witnessed peaks in COVID-19 cases. Variant screening and whole genome sequencing (WGS) play a crucial role in identifying SARS-CoV-2 variants and monitoring their spread.Objective: The objective of this study was to compare variant screening results with WGS data, assess the prevalence of subvariants, and analyze their correlation with demographic and cycle threshold (CT) values.Methods: Between November 7th and 18th, 2022, variant screening and WGS were conducted on samples with CT values below 30. Variant screening utilized the mBioCov-19+ VarScreen assay, while WGS was performed on the Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) platform. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using epi2melabs. Demographic data and CT values were analyzed. Results: Out of 89 subjects, all tested positive for the Omicron variant through variant screening. The variant screening identified two subvariants: Omicron BA.2 (64%) and Omicron B.1.1.529.1 (36%). WGS revealed that the XBB subvariant was the most dominant (52.8%), followed by BQ.1 (22.5%) and BA.5 (13.5%). When VarScreen indicated BA.2, the majority of WGS results showed XBB (82.5%), while for B.1.1.529.1, the majority of WGS results were BQ.1 (59.4%), followed by BA.5 (37.5%). XBB was the most prevalent variant in both females and males, while BQ.1 was more dominant in females (80%). No infections were detected among children aged 1-5 years. All variants had CT values below 24.Conclusion: Variant screening provides accurate and quick results for detecting the Omicron variant in laboratories without WGS capacity. However, it is important to continuously update the screening methodology based on the prevailing circulating variants. During the study period, XBB emerged as the predominant subvariant of the Omicron variant.
High Pre-treatment Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte ratio (PLR) Shows Lower Progressive-free Survival and Overall Survival in Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-treated Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kusumawardhani Erna , Haryati Haryati , Arganita Fidya Rahmadhany
Published: June 2024

Background: The role of Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as an easy and inexpensive prognostic examination modality has different results. While the combination of the two has never been done.Objective: This study investigated the association between NLR/PLR and outcomes in advanced lung adenocarcinoma Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) mutation-positive with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI) treatment.Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 40 medical records of lung adenocarcinoma patients treated with TKI in Ulin General Hospital from 2017-2019, with follow-up until April 1, 2021. A receiver operating curve (ROC) was performed to determine the optimal cut-off and parallel tests of NLR/PLR combination. The Kaplan-Meier was used to evaluate the impact on progressive-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).Results: The optimal cut-off was 6.25 for NLR and 451.5 for PLR with sensitivity and specificity of PFS (31.6%, 100%, and 18.4%, 100%) and OS (32.4%, 100% and 8.9%, 100%) (AUC 0.362, 0.329 and 0.482, 0.477) respectively. Patients in NLR <6.25 and PLR <451.5 groups presented longer PFS (10 months, 95% CI:7.783 -12.217, vs. 8 months, 2.908-13.092, p=0.821; 10 months, 7.508 – 12.492 vs. 9 months, 6.434-11.566, p=0.513) and OS (20 months, 14.017-25.983 vs.16 months, 11.474-20.526, p=0.378; 20 months, 14.629-25.371 vs. 14 months, 3.735-24.265, p=0.382) but not significantly correlated.Conclusion: High pre-treatment NLR and PLR showed shorter PFS and OS, although they did not appear as a prognostic marker for PFS and OS of EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma treated with TKI.
Exploring Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pathogenesis through Animal Models: A Systematic Review of Humanized and Pristane-Induced Lupus Mice
Authors: Airlangga Dimas Ikhsan , Rahmawati Hanifa Rizky , Susianti Hani , Handono Kusworini
Published: June 2024

Studies involving experimental animals to explore the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which leads to the selection of optimal therapy have been widely conducted. The well-known model used to study SLE includes the pristane-induced mouse model and the more recently developed humanized mouse model that implants human immune cells into immunodeficient mice. The current state of the research has yet to provide a systematic review that analyzes both model and its contribution to our understanding of SLE pathogenesis. This systematic review-based study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the development and application of pristane-induced and humanized mouse models. We obtained several relevant article sources include: (1) Search Strategy, on databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane by adjusting the protocols listed in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA); (2) Eligibility based on exclusion and inclusion criteria; and (3) Data Extraction. The findings show that 30 articles are relevant to the subject matter. Several strains of mice were used in the model of the 0.5 pristane injection method and the humanized mice model. All studies showed similar patterns in the onset and manifestation of SLE in mice models with slight variations. The purpose of using the pristane injection method and humanized mice model is adjusted to the output of each study. A variety of research preferences can be used as a reason for choosing pristane and humanized cells transplanted SLE methods in making lupus model mice.
Coexistence of hereditary spherocytosis with SPTB P.Trp1150 gene variant and Gilbert syndrome: A case report and literature review
Authors: Chi Changwei , Wu Shenghao , Zhou Wenjin , Hu Yingying , Lu Yanwei , Weng Shanshan
Published: June 2024

A congenital protein anomaly in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton causes a hereditary haemolytic illness known as hereditary spherocytosis (HS). The primary characteristic of HS is an increase in the number of tiny spherical red blood cells in the peripheral blood. The chief clinical features of HS include anaemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, spherical erythrocytosis in the blood, chronic anaemia with haemolysis, and recurrent acute attacks. Most patients have a family history; some have autosomal recessive inheritance, whereas most have autosomal dominant inheritance. In cases of severe hyperbilirubinemia disproportionate to haemolysis, other causes of hyperbilirubinemia should be considered. Gilbert syndrome (GS) is an autosomal dominant illness caused by the reduced activity of uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase lAl and is characterised by intermittent hyperbilirubinemia without any other signs or symptoms of liver disease. The possibility of the coexistence of HS and GS is very limited. Here we present the case of an elderly man with yellow skin and sclera recurring anaemia, and a final diagnosis of coexisting HS and GS.
Mechanical and smart properties of cement nanocomposites containing nanomaterials: A brief review
Authors: Shankar Arkalgud Nagendran , Mandal Prasanta
Published: June 2024

We report a brief review on the recent developments on smart cement nanocomposites. Cement nanocomposites containing functional nanomaterials are important class of materials for the development of sustainable civil infrastructures. Smart properties can be achieved by adding various nanomaterials, such as, titanium oxide (TiO2), iron oxide (Fe2O3), graphene, graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibres (CNFs), and polymers at low weight percent (wt%) to cement. However, optimization and understanding of underlying physical and chemical mechanisms are necessary for further developments. Although, there exist huge research articles, and some reviews dealing with specific aspect over the last 10–15 years, a systematic review is necessary, encompassing both the aspects of mechanical properties as well as smart properties. In the present review, we focus on the effect of addition of functional nanomaterials to achieve smart properties maintaining basic mechanical strength at the desired level. Our review shows that addition of TiO2, SiO2, Fe2O3, CNTs, or GO in the range of <5 wt% improves mechanical strength by ∼30–50% or more due to improvement in the filling of pores, bridging of gaps, and prevention of cracks. Addition of functional nanomaterials show higher photocatalytic dye degradation (∼90% dye pollutant is degraded within first 1 h), higher inhibition zone of microbial growth (due to the addition of 1 wt% (or less) TiO2, silver, copper oxide, or zinc oxide nanoparticles). Furthermore, addition of functional nanomaterials also show improvement in the impermeability, shrinkage, hydrophobicity, thermal/electrical conductivity, and piezo electricity to a significant level.
From explanations to human-AI co-evolution: charting trajectories towards future user-centric AI
Authors: Ziegler Jürgen , Donkers Tim
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the evolving landscape of User-Centric Artificial Intelligence, particularly in light of the challenges posed by systems that are powerful but not fully transparent or comprehensible to their users. Despite advances in AI, significant gaps remain in aligning system actions with user understanding, prompting a reevaluation of what “user-centric” really means. We argue that current XAI efforts are often too much focused on system developers rather than end users, and fail to address the comprehensibility of the explanations provided. Instead, we propose a broader, more dynamic conceptualization of human-AI interaction that emphasizes the need for AI not only to explain, but also to co-create and cognitively resonate with users. We examine the evolution of a communication-centric paradigm of human-AI interaction, underscoring the need for AI systems to enhance rather than mimic human interactions. We argue for a shift toward more meaningful and adaptive exchanges in which AI’s role is understood as facilitative rather than autonomous. Finally, we outline how future UCAI may leverage AI’s growing capabilities to foster a genuine co-evolution of human and machine intelligence, while ensuring that such interactions remain grounded in ethical and user-centered principles.
Optimal DGs coordination strategy for managing unbalanced and islanded distribution networks
Authors: Kaka Sanaullah , Xia Mingchao , Hussain Arif , Zulfiqar Kashif
Published: June 2024

Distributed generators (DGs) have the potential to act as alternative power sources for balancing and restoring service in distribution system breakdowns. Nevertheless, DGs variety of characteristics and uncertain behavior pose difficulties in optimizing their operation while restoring the system. In this paper, a hierarchical structure is introduced to manage the unbalanced and islanded distribution networks with the optimal coordination strategy of DGs. The proposed approach encompasses multiple control tiers that manage DGs coordination process into three specific levels, each accountable for distinct functions involving voltage and frequency regulation, power distribution within individual islands, and overseeing power exchange between these units for minimizing imbalance and maximizing the load restoration. This research delivers a comprehensive solution for optimally coordinating DGs in unbalanced and isolated networks during restoration, thus elevating system reliability and resilience. The proposed model for distributed control restoration is validated using a modified IEEE 123-bus test setup.
Unintended Competition from Volume Controls: A Note on the Horne v. Department of Agriculture Decision
Authors: Winfree Jason
Published: June 2024

The U.S. Supreme Court case, Horne v. Department of Agriculture, dealt with the legality of volume controls in the raisin industry. Marketing orders and volume controls in agricultural markets have a long history in the United States and have often been used to decrease price volatility. However, some have seen these volume controls as engaging in cartel behavior. Using a Cournot model, this paper shows that volume controls used by agricultural marketing orders can be profit reducing under some conditions. If producers anticipate a restriction in the production that is allowed to go into the market on a prorated basis, initial production may increase, which can lower profits. Counter intuitively, volume controls can even increase the quantity sold in the market and lower the price.
The Harmonised BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey 2006, 2012 and 2018 (H-ETB)
Authors: van Berk Beatrice , Friedrich Anett
Published: June 2024

The BIBB/BAuA Employment Surveys 2006, 2012 and 2018 are large cross-sections of the working population on qualification and working conditions in Germany and many publications are based on them. The data covers a wide range of topics, including information on occupations, education, job tasks, working conditions, job satisfaction and health status. A new harmonised dataset now compiles these three surveys into one file. The harmonised BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey (H-ETB) simplifies the use of the surveys for analyses over time and analyses of the pooled data. The dataset includes 60,048 cases and all variables that were surveyed in each wave in a harmonised form. The paper outlines the subject and methodology of the BIBB/BAuA Employment Survey as well as the harmonisation.
The binary actions of simple groups with a single conjugacy class of involutions
Authors: Gill Nick , Guillot Pierre
Published: June 2024

We continue our investigation of binary actions of simple groups.
In this paper, we demonstrate a connection between the graph

Γ
⁢

(
C
)

\Gamma(\mathcal{C})

based on the conjugacy class 𝒞 of the group 𝐺, which was introduced in our previous work, and the notion of a strongly embedded subgroup of 𝐺.
We exploit this connection to prove a result concerning the binary actions of finite simple groups that contain a single conjugacy class of involutions.
Standardization with zlog values improves exploratory data analysis and machine learning for laboratory data
Authors: Al-Mekhlafi Amani , Klawitter Sandra , Klawonn Frank
Published: June 2024

Objectives

In the context of exploratory data analysis and machine learning, standardization of laboratory results is an important pre-processing step. Variable proportions of pathological results in routine datasets lead to changes of the mean (µ) and standard deviation (σ), and thus cause problems in the classical z-score transformation. Therefore, this study investigates whether the zlog transformation compensates these disadvantages and makes the results more meaningful from a medical perspective.

Methods

The results presented here were obtained with the statistical software environment R, and the underlying data set was obtained from the UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository. We compare the differences of the zlog and z-score transformation for five different dimension reduction methods, hierarchical clustering and four supervised classification methods.

Results

With the zlog transformation, we obtain better results in this study than with the z-score transformation for dimension reduction, clustering and classification methods. By compensating the disadvantages of the z-score transformation, the zlog transformation allows more meaningful medical conclusions.

Conclusions

We recommend using the zlog transformation of laboratory results for pre-processing when exploratory data analysis and machine learning techniques are applied.
Nanomaterials: Cross-disciplinary applications in ornamental plants
Authors: Zeng Zhen , Wang Yi , Wang Huanxiao , Li Yanbing , Chen Benxue , Gou Rongxin , Wang Di , Jiang Yin , Zheng Yuhong , Hamed Khalid E. , Fu Li , Zhang Guojun , Wei Zunzheng
Published: June 2024

Nanomaterials (NMs) have found extensive applications in the realm of ornamental plants due to their unique properties. This article comprehensively discusses four main aspects of NM utilization in ornamental plants: 1) providing new insights into challenging problems in tissue culture, 2) exploring their regulatory effects on the growth of ornamental plants, 3) enhancing the resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, and 4) discussing their widespread application and mechanisms in cut flower harvesting. Furthermore, potential issues and future directions are explored, providing a deeper theoretical basis for the application of novel NMs in the realm of ornamental plants.
Aero-engine direct thrust control based on nonlinear model predictive control with composite predictive model
Authors: Chen Haoyang , Li Liangliang , Zheng Qiangang , Zhang Haibo
Published: June 2024

A novel NMPC (Nonlinear Model Predictive Control) based on composite predictive model is proposed and applied to direct engine thrust control. To improve the real-time of NMPC, an adaptive composite model based on SVM (State Variable Model), KF (Kalman Filter), and CLM (Component Level Model) is proposed as predictive model. The correction theory is adopted to establish a full envelope adaptive on-board predictive dynamic model and reduce the data storage of predictive model. At each sampling time, the CLM is calculated only once in the proposed NMPC, instead of many times in the popular NMPC based on EKF (extended Kalman filler). Therefore, the proposed NMPC has better real-time performance than the popular one. The simulations that consist of the proposed NMPC, the popular NMPC based on EKF, and the traditional controller PID are conducted. The simulations demonstrate that the proposed NMPC not only has greatly better real time performance than popular NMPC, but also has faster response speed than traditional controller PID.
Fast Inhibition Slows and Desynchronizes Mouse Auditory Efferent Neuron Activity
Authors: Fischl Matthew , Pederson Alia , Voglewede Rebecca , Cheng Hui , Drew Jordan , Torres Cadenas Lester , Weisz Catherine J. C.
Published: June 2024

The encoding of acoustic stimuli requires precise neuron timing. Auditory neurons in the cochlear nucleus (CN) and brainstem are well suited for accurate analysis of fast acoustic signals, given their physiological specializations of fast membrane time constants, fast axonal conduction, and reliable synaptic transmission. The medial olivocochlear (MOC) neurons that provide efferent inhibition of the cochlea reside in the ventral brainstem and participate in these fast neural circuits. However, their modulation of cochlear function occurs over time scales of a slower nature. This suggests the presence of mechanisms that reduce MOC inhibition of cochlear function. To determine how monaural excitatory and inhibitory synaptic inputs integrate to affect the timing of MOC neuron activity, we developed a novel in vitro slice preparation (“wedge-slice”). The wedge-slice maintains the ascending auditory nerve root, the entire CN and projecting axons, while preserving the ability to perform visually guided patch-clamp electrophysiology recordings from genetically identified MOC neurons. The “in vivo-like” timing of the wedge-slice demonstrates that the inhibitory pathway accelerates relative to the excitatory pathway when the ascending circuit is intact, and the CN portion of the inhibitory circuit is precise enough to compensate for reduced precision in later synapses. When combined with machine learning PSC analysis and computational modeling, we demonstrate a larger suppression of MOC neuron activity when the inhibition occurs with in vivo-like timing. This delay of MOC activity may ensure that the MOC system is only engaged by sustained background sounds, preventing a maladaptive hypersuppression of cochlear activity.
Constitutive and Conditional Epitope Tagging of Endogenous G-Protein–Coupled Receptors inDrosophila
Authors: Bonanno Shivan L. , Sanfilippo Piero , Eamani Aditya , Sampson Maureen M. , Kandagedon Binu , Li Kenneth , Burns Giselle D. , Makar Marylyn E. , Zipursky S. Lawrence , Krantz David E.
Published: June 2024

To visualize the cellular and subcellular localization of neuromodulatory G-protein–coupled receptors inDrosophila, we implement a molecular strategy recently used to add epitope tags to ionotropic receptors at their endogenous loci. Leveraging evolutionary conservation to identify sites more likely to permit insertion of a tag, we generated constitutive and conditional tagged alleles forDrosophila5-HT1A,5-HT2A,5-HT2B,Octβ1R,Octβ2R, two isoforms ofOAMB, andmGluR. The conditional alleles allow for the restricted expression of tagged receptor in specific cell types, an option not available for any previous reagents to label these proteins. We show expression patterns for these receptors in female brains and that 5-HT1A and 5-HT2B localize to the mushroom bodies (MBs) and central complex, respectively, as predicted by their roles in sleep. By contrast, the unexpected enrichment of Octβ1R in the central complex and of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A to nerve terminals in lobular columnar cells in the visual system suggest new hypotheses about their functions at these sites. Using an additional tagged allele of the serotonin transporter, a marker of serotonergic tracts, we demonstrate diverse spatial relationships between postsynaptic 5-HT receptors and presynaptic 5-HT neurons, consistent with the importance of both synaptic and volume transmission. Finally, we use the conditional allele of5-HT1Ato show that it localizes to distinct sites within the MBs as both a postsynaptic receptor in Kenyon cells and a presynaptic autoreceptor.
Comparison of modified-release hydrocortisone capsules versus prednisolone in the treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Rees Dafydd Aled , Merke Deborah P , Arlt Wiebke , Brac De La Perriere Aude , Hirschberg Angelica Linden , Juul Anders , Newell-Price John , Prete Alessandro , Reisch Nicole , Stikkelbroeck Nike M , Touraine Philippe A , Lewis Alex , Porter John , Coope Helen , Ross Richard J
Published: June 2024

Background

Prednisolone and prednisone are recommended treatment options for adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH); however, there is no randomised comparison of prednis(ol)one with hydrocortisone.

Design

Six-month open-label randomised phase 3 study and interim analysis of a single-arm extension study was the design of the study.

Methods

The method of the study was hydrocortisone dose equivalent and 09:00-h 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17OHP) from 48 patients taking prednis(ol)one at baseline.

Results

At baseline, the median hydrocortisone dose equivalent was 30 mg/day and 17OHP was < 36 nmol/L (3× upper limit of normal) in 56% of patients. Patients were randomised to continue prednis(ol)one or switch to modified-release hydrocortisone capsule (MRHC) at the same hydrocortisone-equivalent dose. At 4 weeks, 94% on MRHC and 71% on prednis(ol)one had 17OHP < 36 nmol/L. At 18 months in the extension study of MRHC, the median MRHC dose was 20 mg/day and 82% had 17OHP < 36 nmol/L. The per cent of patients with 17OHP < 36 nmol/L on a hydrocortisone dose equivalent ≤ 25 mg/day was greater at 18 months in the extension study on MRHC than while on prednis(ol)one at baseline: 57% vs 27%, P = 0.04. In the randomised study, no patients had an adrenal crisis on MRHC and one on prednisolone. In the extension study (221 patient years), there were 12 adrenal crises in 5 patients (5.4/100 patient years).

Conclusion

MRHC reduces 17OHP at 09:00 h compared to prednis(ol)one and the dose of MRHC can be down-titrated over time in the majority of patients.
La negociación de tratados de libre comercio entre Ecuador y Panamá con la República Popular China
Authors: Herrera-Vinelli Lorena , Carranco-Paredes Santiago
Published: June 2024

In recent years, the Latin American region has suffered profound impacts because of systemic transformations such as the weak global economy, the Covid-19 pandemic, the trade war between China and the United States and even the emergence of new conflicts. This scenario implies challenges, especially for small countries in the region, such as Panama and Ecuador, which have implemented trade coordination strategies with the People’s Republic of China through free trade agreements. However, these strategies are also seen as containment mechanisms in the face of the scenario of crisis and uncertainty that characterizes the international system. The article analytically reflects on the FTA negotiation process by Panama and Ecuador with China, instruments that are part of the Commercial Diplomacy strategy as an exclusive format of negotiation and relationship with various strategic partners. The article argues that, given the vulnerability of small countries regarding recent global transformations, they have decided to implement adaptive and containment strategies with China on the commercial agenda.
Más allá de los límites de género: reseña del libro Women’s International Thought: A New History (2021)
Authors: Cordero-Barrantes Faith
Published: June 2024

In the vast and complex global context, the contributions and perspectives developed by women have been consistently underestimated, overlooked or even erased. Despite this, in recent decades a renewed interest in exploring these silenced experiences has led to a fundamental reassessment of the understanding of politics and international relations. In this context, Women's International Thought: A New History (2021) emerged, a work that challenges traditional narratives by exposing the interesting and varied history of women's international thought.
Mikromicetų destrukcinė veikla, skaidant sėmenų aliejaus polimerų kompozitus su organinių gamybos atliekų užpildais, ir jos priklausomybė nuo aplinkos veiksnių
Authors:   , Malachovskienė Eglė
Published: June 2024

Fungal destructive activity in the degradation of linseed oil-based polymer composites filled with organic waste materials and its dependence on environmental factors
Impacts of diet-related factors on human health
Authors: Zhang Rui
Published: June 2024

Science and technology have been developed quickly. Like a coin has two sides. On the one hand, they make our living conditions more accessible and comfortable than in old times. On the other hand, our lifestyle is becoming increasingly related to high-technology products and is far from the natural or healthy lifestyles of the old times. The high-technology products invented by humans have harmed all living organisms. This review will primarily focus on the impacts of diet-related factors on human health. Our lifestyle is becoming increasingly related to high-technology products and is far from the natural lifestyle of the old times.