bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epilepsi Hastası Çocuklarda Beslenme Durumunun Saptanması
Authors: Bayram Sinem , Köseler Beyaz Esra , Arslan Mutluay , Akın Onur
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Epilepsi beynin kortikal ve subkortikal bölgelerindeki nöronların uyarımında artma sonucu meydana gelen, anormal bir elektrik yayılımı ile tekrarlayan nöbetlerin oluştuğu klinik bir tablodur. Birçok çalışma, fazla kilo ve obeziteye bağlı komorbiditelerin sıklıkla görülmesi nedeniyle epilepsi tanısı alan çocuklarda besin alımı ve beslenme durumunun araştırılmasının oldukça önemli olduğunu vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışma epilepsi tanısı almış çocuklarda beslenme durumunu ve bunu etkileyen etmenleri belirlemek amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür.

Bireyler ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte olan bu çalışma Ocak-Mart 2017 tarihleri arasında Gülhane Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesine başvuran yaşları 1-18 yıl arasında değişen ve epilepsi tanısı almış 83 çocuk ve annesi ile tamamlanmıştır. Anket formu 13 tanımlayıcı, 9 hastalık bilgisine yönelik soru, üç günlük besin tüketim kaydı ve Çocuk Besleme Anketi (Child Feeding Questionnaire-CFQ)’nden oluşmaktadır. Anket formu yüz yüze görüşme yöntemi ile uygulanmıştır.

Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 9.94±4.62 yıldır. En sık kullanılan ilaç %60.2 ile Valproattır. Türkiye Beslenme Rehberine (TÜBER-2015) göre katılımcıların yağ tüketimlerinin yüksek, posa ve kalsiyum alımlarının düşük olduğu saptanmıştır. Doğum ağırlığı ile algılanan çocuk vücut ağırlığı arasında pozitif, hastalık süresi ile algılanan sorumluluk, çocuk vücut ağırlığı, izlem ve kısıtlama alt ölçek puanları arasında ters yönlü bir korelasyon olduğu saptanmıştır. Algılanan çocuk vücut ağırlığı puanı ortalamasının erkeklerde, çocuk vücut ağırlığı puanı ortalaması ve yeme baskısı puan ortalamasının ise kızlarda daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0.05). Yaşa göre beden kütle indeksi (BKİ) dağılımlarına göre algılanan çocuk vücut ağırlığı, kısıtlama ve yeme baskısı puan ortalamalarında önemli farklılıklar saptanmıştır (p<0.05).

Sonuç: Sonuç olarak hem yetersiz beslenme hem de obezite epilepsili çocuklar için beslenme ile ilişkili önemli sağlık sorunlarındandır. Diyetisyenlerin konu ile ilgili eğitimler düzenleyip ailelerin hastalık hakkındaki bilgi düzeylerini arttırması, çocukların beslenme durumlarını takip ederek erken müdahale etmesi epilepsinin daha etkin tedavi edilmesini sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Combinatorial molecule screening identified a novel diterpene and the BET inhibitor CPI-203 as differentiation inducers of primary acute myeloid leukemia cells
Authors: Simon Hultmark  , Aurélie Baudet  , Ludwig Schmiderer  , Pavan Prabhala  , Sara Palma-Tortosa  , Carl Sandén  , Thoas Fioretos  , Rajkumar Sasidharan  , Christer Larsson  , Sören Lehmann  , Gunnar Juliusson  , Fredrik Ek  , Mattias Magnusson
Published: August 2020

Combination treatment has proven effective for patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, exemplifying the importance of therapy targeting multiple components of oncogenic regulation for a successful outcome. However, recent studies have shown that the mutational complexity of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) precludes the translation of molecular targeting into clinical success. Here, as a complement to genetic profiling, we used unbiased, combinatorial in vitro drug screening to identify pathways that drive AML and to develop personalized combinatorial treatments. First, we screened 513 natural compounds on primary AML cells and identified a novel diterpene (H4) that preferentially induced differentiation of FLT3 wild-type AML, while FLT3-ITD/mutations conferred resistance. The samples responding to H4, displayed increased expression of myeloid markers, a clear decrease in the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and the potential of re-activation of the monocytic transcriptional program reducing leukemia propagation in vivo. By combinatorial screening using H4 and molecules with defined targets, we demonstrated that H4 induces differentiation by the activation of the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway, and in line with this, activates PKC phosphorylation and translocation of PKC to the cell membrane. Furthermore, the combinatorial screening identified a bromo- and extra-terminal domain (BET) inhibitor that could further improve H4-dependent leukemic differentiation in FLT3 wild-type monocytic AML. These findings illustrate the value of an unbiased, multiplex screening platform for developing combinatorial therapeutic approaches for AML.
The Effect of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Learning Models on Mathematic Problem Solving Ability Students in Primary School
Authors: Kistian Agus , Verawati Verawati
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on the mathematics problem solving ability of students in 4th grade primary school Pasi Pinang. This research uses a quantitative approach, with the type of research is quasi experimental. The population in this study were all fourth grade students of primary school Pasi Pinang and the sampling technique in this study was selected by total sampling of two classes. The experimental class was treated with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and the control class was treated with the expository learning model. The instruments used consisted of a learning motivation questionnaire and a math problem solving ability test. Data analysis was carried out using two-way ANOVA. From the results of this study, it was obtained that the average result of the mathematics problem solving ability taught by the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model was 82.16 while the average result of the mathematics problem solving ability taught by the expository learning model was 71. , 36. So it can be concluded that the results of the mathematics problem solving ability of students who are taught with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model are higher than students who are taught with the Expository learning model.
Perspective Spiritual Intelligence QS. Luqman [31]: 12-19, Interpretation and Action
Authors: Najib Aan
Published: August 2020

Allah gives intelligence to every human being to understand all the ways of thinking and acting properly and correctly in developing his mindset so that he is able to develop and think clearly to weigh, decide and face things by focusing on the problems faced with brilliant solutions. Spiritual intelligence is still a little empirical research conducted on this type of intelligence. This research is a literature research with descriptive analysis method. This study found that there is a link between spiritual intelligence and a better social life. The form of spiritual intelligence in QS. Luqman [31]: 12-19 are as follows: Prohibition of shirk, belief in Allah's retribution, commandments of prayer, amar ma'ruf and nahi munkar, commands to be patient, prohibitions being arrogant and lowering one's voice.
The Implementation of Liability Accounting on Managerial Performance in PT. Telkom Tbk, Medan Branch
Authors: Syahputri Yuni , Pribadi Teddi , Dalimunthe Hasbiana
Published: August 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of the application of responsibility accounting on managerial performance. The sample used in this study were 35 respondents. Data obtained by purposive sampling method. Data collection was carried out using a questionnaire. A total of 35 questionnaires were sent and 35 questionnaires were returned. The research hypothesis was tested using a simple regression method with the help of SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the application of responsibility accounting has a significant effect on managerial performance.
The Use of Mobile Apps in Learning English Language
Authors: Ameri Maryam
Published: August 2020

Throughout and out of college, the use of technology has become an integral part of the learning process. Technology helps teachers to adapt lessons in the classroom, thereby improving the learning process, English as a second language/international. This paper discusses different attitudes which help English language learners by using technologies to increase their learning skills. Researcher indicates that the effective use of new technologies improves learners’ language learning skills.
The Effect of Value Clarification Technique Learning Models and Learning Styles on the Achievement Learning Outcomes of Class VIII MTs Al-Hasanah Tanjung Leidong, Labura District
Authors: Halimah Siti , Lubis Zulfahmi , Nasution Saidatun Nisa
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the influence of the value clarification technique (VCT) learning model on student learning result. (2) Knowing the influence of learning styles on student learning result. (3) Knowing the interaction between learning models and learning styles on student learning result.   The population of this study were students of class VIII MTs Al-Hasanah Tanjung Leidong Labuhan Batu Utara consisting of three classes. The sample chosen for the class with the VCT learning model was class VIII-3 with 30 students, while students who were taught using the expository model were 32 students. The cluster random sampling technique is influenced by analysis of variance at a significant level (α = 0.05) followed by Scheffe. The results of this study are: (1) the average value of students taught with the VCT learning model (= 33.6) is higher than students taught with the expository learning model (= 24.68) with Fcount 0.0023 < Ftable 3,988. (2) The average value of learning outcomes Akidah Akhlak with visual learning styles (= 27.5), auditory (= 29.56) and kinesthetic (= 28.26) with Fcount = 0.068 < Ftable = 3,988. (3) There is an interaction between learning models and learning styles on students' learning outcomes Akidah Akhlak with Fcount 28.96 < Ftable 3,988. Based on the data analysis, it can be concluded that students with visual and auditory characteristics, the appropriate learning model is the VCT, while students with the kinesthetic learning style are expository. The implication is that teachers must be trained in how to understand student learning styles. Thus it is suggested that in planning the learning process the characteristics of students must be considered.
The Development of Activity Literacy Teaching Material Based on Multimodal of Literacy for the grade 4th at SDS Amir Hamzah
Authors: Damayanti Isma , Solin Mutsyuhito , Eviyanti Evi
Published: August 2020

This study aims to: (1) Describe the development of multimodal literacy-based literacy teaching materials at SDS Amir Hamzah. (2) Testing the feasibility of teaching materials for literacy activities based on multimodal literacy at SDS Amir Hamzah. (3) Testing the effectiveness of teaching materials for literacy activities based on multimodal literacy at SDS Amir Hamzah. This research is a development research using the ADDIE development model, namely: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The subjects of this study were the fourth grade students of SDS Amir Hamzah in the 2019/2020 academic year consisted of 21 students. The instruments used are questionnaires of expert validity, student and teacher responses, and student performance rubrics using literacy activity teaching materials.  The results of this study indicate that (1) the process of developing teaching materials for literacy activities based on multimodal literacy includes five steps, namely: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. (2) The literacy activity teaching materials of multimodal literacy-based are feasible to use with an average percentage of 88.47% and very feasible criteria. (3) The effective multimodal literacy-based literacy activity teaching materials are used with a gaincore value of 0.575.
The Influence of Organizational Culture, Training and Communication toward Employee Performance in PT Multi Jaya Samudera
Authors: Edward Yusuf Ronny , Calen
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of organizational culture, training and communication on employee performance at PT Multi Jaya Samudera. This research was conducted at PT Multi Jaya Samudera which lasted for 4 (four) months, starting from November 2019 to February 2020. This study uses a quantitative associative method with structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis tools. The sampling technique used is the census sampling. The respondents of this study were all employees of PT. Multi Jaya Samudera as many as 95 people. The instrument used was a questionnaire to collect data from organizational culture, training, communication and employee performance variables. Descriptive analysis results for organizational culture variables, training, communication and employee performance at PT. Multi Jaya Samudera is in the good category. Based on SEM analysis, organizational culture, training and communication have a positive and significant influence on the performance of the employees of PT. Multi Jaya Samudera. The contribution of organizational culture, training and communication variables explained the employee performance variable by 0.749 or 74.9%. The remaining 0.251 or 25.1% is influenced by other independent variables not examined in this study.
Sequencing of Dna Isolated From Colorectal Sample Fixed in Liquid Formalin : Obstacles and Required Modifications
Authors: Parvez Nahid , Ayub Mustak Ibn
Published: August 2020

The necessary modifications in the protocol of general purpose DNA isolation kit to isolate and amplify a target region of genome from colorectal cancer tissues fixed in liquid formalin were made. It is shown that a one hour digestion with proteinase K yields enough DNA from formalin fixed colorectal tissue for subsequent PCR and sequencing. Moreover, using 100% ethanol instead of standard 50% during DNA binding step in the column improves the yield. As DNA fragmentation is unavoidable in formalin fixed tissue, PCR protocol was modified by increasing polymerase concentration to get successful amplification. Following these modifications, two regions of KRAS and BRAF genes were amplified and successfully sequenced from three different patients. These modifications provide a low cost option for Sanger sequencing of DNA isolated from formalin fixed tissue.

Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 165-174, 2020 (July)
A Study on Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts Among Substance Abusers
Authors: Islam Md Ashraful , Borak Zinnatul
Published: August 2020

The present study was conducted to investigate the suicidal ideation and attempts to suicide among the substance abusers. The study sample was comprised of 100 substance abusers (70 males and 30 females among them 18 were adolescent males, 7 were adolescent females, 52 were adult males and 23 were adult females) and selection was made by using purposive sampling technique. The instruments used for collecting data were: (1) Personal information questionnaire and (2) Bangla version of the Beck scale for suicide ideation. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and independent sample t test. Results indicated that there were significant differences among the substance abuser’s suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. Yaba abusers had more suicidal ideation and took more suicide attempts than other substance abusers; adult abusers had more suicidal ideation and suicide attempts than adolescent abusers. Moreover, suicidal ideation was higher in males than females.

Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 175-182, 2020 (July)
Effects of Zinc and Vermicompost on the Growth of Soybean (Glycine Max L.)
Authors: Purna TT , Ali AHMZ , Rahman Md Khalilur
Published: August 2020

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc and vermicompost on the growth, yield and nutrient content of soybean (Glycine max L.) plant. The treatment variables were control (‒Zn and ‒VC), VC 5 ton/ha, Zn 1 kg/ha, Zn 2 kg/ha, Zn 3 kg/ha, Zn 1 kg/ha + VC 5 ton/ha, Zn 2 kg/ha + VC 5 ton/ha and Zn 3 kg/ha + VC 5 ton/ha. Application of zinc and vermicompost showed a significant effect on the growth parameters and macro- and micronutrients uptake by the plant. The highest average plant height (164 cm), leaf number (80 nos./plant), leaf area (3360 cm2/plant), fresh weight (49.03 gm/plant), dry weight (24.54 gm/plant), fruit length (9.4 cm), fruit number per plant (5 nos. /plant) were recorded for Zn 1 kg/ha + VC 5 ton/ha treatment while the lowest values were observed in control at harvest. Results of the growth parameters varied significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with time. It was observed that, the overall best growth performance was achieved in Zn 1 kg/ha + VC 5 ton/ha.

Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 201-208, 2020 (July)
Study of Petiole Anatomy and Pollen Morphology of Five Species of Senna Mill. From Bangladesh
Authors: Doty Mabia Khanom , Rashid Parveen , Shethi Kishwar Jahan
Published: August 2020

Abstract Not Available

Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 29(2): 245-252, 2020 (July)
THE PHENOMENON OF LANGUAGE GAMES AS COLLEGE STUDENTS RESPONSES TO THE REVISED CRIMINAL CODE DRAFT 2019: A SOCIOLINGUISTICS STUDY
Authors: Syahriy Nurul Nisfu , Hanafiah Ridwan , Sofyan Rudy
Published: August 2020

A language game is a form of utterance that obtains various deviations, which is intended for various purposes and contains of more than one meaning that depends on how it used and to whom it is intended. In connection with this topic, this paper was made to analyze the phenomenon of language game originating from among students in some demonstrations aimed at the government especially the House of Parliament (DPR) regarding the revised criminal code draft (RUUKUHP) 2019 that was launched to be ratified. For this reason, the data used are portraits of posters and banners sourced from various cities in Indonesia with various forms of utterance. Accordingly, this study will analyze the data based on sociolinguistic studies to understand language problems related to the elements and functions of language. Data were analyzed using a descriptive qualitative method. Eventually, there were various forms of language games that were found such as, sound substitution, sound addition, abbreviations, metaphor, polysemic, idiom, entailment and rhyme. The language game mentioned was created with various objectives such as criticizing related policies, making fun of the related performance and just creating humor.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling contributes to vincristine-induced neuropathic pain
Authors: Hu C , Zhao Y-T , Cui Y-B , Zhang H-H , Huang G-L , Liu Y , Liu Y-F
Published: August 2020

Chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain (CNP) is the major dose-limiting factor in cancer chemotherapy. However, the mechanisms underlying CNP remain elusive. In the present study, CNP was induced by repeated intraperitoneal injection of vincristine (VCR) into male C57BL/6J mice. VCR administration caused significant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which led to the activation of astrocytes, microglia, the release of inflammatory cytokines tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the activation of subsequent mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) signaling pathway in CNP mice. Blocking Wnt/β-catenin signaling by intrathecal administration of the inhibitors of Wnt response (IWR) effectively attenuated VCR-induced neuropathic pain. Furthermore, IWR inhibited the activation of astrocytes, microglia, TNF-α, MCP-1 and MAPK/ERK signaling in the spinal cord, which was triggered by VCR-induced Wnt/β-catenin signaling upregulation. These results suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a critical role in VCR-induced neuropathic pain and provides evidence for potential interfering with Wnt/β-catenin signaling to ameliorate VCR-induced neuropathic pain.
Pathophysiology of exercise-induced muscle damage and its structural, functional, metabolic, and clinical consequences
Authors: Stožer A , Vodopivc P , Križančić Bombek L
Published: August 2020

Extreme or unaccustomed eccentric exercise can cause exercise-induced muscle damage, characterized by structural changes involving sarcomere, cytoskeletal, and membrane damage, with an increased permeability of sarcolemma for proteins. From a functional point of view, disrupted force transmission, altered calcium homeostasis, disruption of excitation-contraction coupling, as well as metabolic changes bring about loss of strength. Importantly, the trauma also invokes an inflammatory response and clinically presents itself by swelling, decreased range of motion, increased passive tension, soreness, and a transient decrease in insulin sensitivity. While being damaging and influencing heavily the ability to perform repeated bouts of exercise, changes produced by exercise-induced muscle damage seem to play a crucial role in myofibrillar adaptation. Additionally, eccentric exercise yields greater hypertrophy than isometric or concentric contractions and requires less in terms of metabolic energy and cardiovascular stress, making it especially suitable for the elderly and people with chronic diseases. This review focuses on our current knowledge of the mechanisms underlying exercise-induced muscle damage, their dependence on genetic background, as well as their consequences at the structural, functional, metabolic, and clinical level. A comprehensive understanding of these is a prerequisite for proper inclusion of eccentric training in health promotion, rehabilitation, and performance enhancement.
Increasing veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation flow reduces electrical impedance of the lung regions in porcine acute heart failure
Authors: Popková M , Kuriščák E , Hála P , Janák D , Tejkl L , Bělohlávek J , Ošťádal P , Neužil P , Kittnar O , Mlček M
Published: August 2020

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) is a technique used in patients with severe heart failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effects on left ventricular afterload and fluid accumulation in lungs with electrical impedance tomography (EIT). In eight swine, incremental increases of extracorporeal blood flow (EBF) were applied before and after the induction of ischemic heart failure. Hemodynamic parameters were continuously recorded and computational analysis of EIT was used to determine lung fluid accumulation. With an increase in EBF from 1 to 4 l/min in acute heart failure the associated increase of arterial pressure (raised by 44 %) was accompanied with significant decrease of electrical impedance of lung regions. Increasing EBF in healthy circulation did not cause lung impedance changes. Our findings indicate that in severe heart failure EIT may reflect fluid accumulation in lungs due to increasing EBF.
The effect of repeated passaging on the susceptibility of human proximal tubular HK-2 cells to toxic compounds
Authors: Handl J , Čapek J , Majtnerová P , Báčová J , Roušar T
Published: August 2020

The human proximal tubular HK-2 cell line is an immortalized cell line commonly used for studying proximal tubular toxicity. Even as their use is presently increasing, there unfortunately are no studies focused on functional changes in HK-2 cells associated with passaging. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to evaluate the functional stability of HK-2 cells during 13 weeks of continuous passaging after 6 and 24 h of treatment with model nephrotoxic compounds (i.e., acetaminophen, cisplatin, CdCl2). Short tandem repeat profile, the doubling time, cell diameter, glutathione concentration, and intracellular dehydrogenase activity were measured in HK-2 cells at each tested passage. The results showed that HK-2 cells exhibit stable morphology, cell size, and cell renewal during passaging. Mean doubling time was determined to be 54 h. On the other hand, we observed a significant effect of passaging on the susceptibility of HK-2 cells to toxic compounds. The largest difference in results was found in both cadmium and cisplatin treated cells across passages. We conclude that the outcomes of scientific studies on HK-2 cells can be affected by the number of passages even after medium-term cultivation and passaging for 13 weeks.
ESP corpus design: compilation of the Veterinary Nursing Medical Chart Corpus and the Veterinary Nursing Wordlist
Authors: Ohashi Yukiko , Katagiri Noriaki , Oka Katsutoshi , Hanada Michiko
Published: August 2020

This paper reports on two research results: ( 1) designing an English for Specific Purposes (esp) corpus architecture complete with annotations structured by regular expressions; and ( 2) a case study to test the design to cater for creating a specific vocabulary list using the compiled corpus.

The first half of this study involved designing a precisely structured esp corpus from 190 veterinary medical charts with a hierarchy of the data. The data hierarchy in the corpus consists of document types, outline elements and inline elements, such as species and breed. Perl scripts extracted the data attached to veterinary-specific categories, and the extraction led to creating wordlists. The second part of the research tested the corpus mode, creating a list of commonly observed lexical items in veterinary medicine. The coverage rate of the wordlists by General Service List (gsl) and Academic Word List (awl) was tested, with the result that 66.4 percent of all lexical items appeared in gsl and awl, whereas 33.7 percent appeared in none of those lists. The corpus compilation procedures as well as the annotation scheme introduced in this study enable the compilation of specific corpora with explicit annotations, allowing teachers to have access to data required for creating esp classroom materials.
Containing Conflict? The Effect of the Intermodal Transport Revolution
Authors: Leonard Hans
Published: August 2020

How does trade affect the likelihood of conflict? This enduring question unifies the two major subfields of international relations. Yet despite extensive scholarship, there remains a lack of consensus. Inference has been handicapped by the reciprocal nature of trade and conflict. To address this difficulty, this paper studies the trade and conflict nexus in the wake of an important technological change—the introduction of shipping containers. It offers two main contributions. First, it uses the exogenous technological shock of containerization to identify the effect of trade on conflict. Perhaps surprisingly, trade gains induced by containerization substantially increase the incidence of conflict within country pairs. Second, it develops a new theoretical model to explain these novel findings. Bargaining breakdowns are exacerbated when the exact benefits of trade are uncertain and one side suspects the other’s gains are large relative to their own. This informational environment closely parallels that of a technological shock.
Media, Protest and Resistance in Authoritarian Contexts
Authors: Hashemi Layla
Published: August 2020

Information communication technologies (ICTs) facilitate transnational connection, coordination and collaboration, which are essential for new social movements. At the same time, issues of access and censorship hinder social movement use of social media for mobilization. This paper examines how internet technology is used by social movements to discuss issues of identity, dignity and justice. Through subtle everyday acts of protests, women contest state narratives by documenting their presence in both physical and virtual public spaces. Iranian women practice the art of presence, demonstrating social media activism’s ability to circumvent censorship and facilitate public discourse regarding controversial issues. This study collects and analyzes data from Twitter and other social networking platforms to investigate the evolution of digital campaigns and relates these cases to the long-standing tradition of Iranian women’s voices with a focus on the critical role of the camera and user generated content in art and daily life.
Presidential Emergency Powers: In Search of a Definition of ‘Emergency’
Authors: Sugrue Seana
Published: August 2020

To what extent can Congress provide statutory guidance to the President about what constitutes an emergency without infringing upon presidential authority? Are emergencies -- unexpected and unusual events – even capable of being defined legislatively in a manner that is neither vague and overbroad, nor under-inclusive? To date, Congress has not attempted to define the term “emergency” in a manner that might test these issues. The reasons why Congress didn’t provide a definition of the term “emergency” in the National Emergencies Act is yet another puzzling matter. After reviewing the legislative history of the National Emergencies Act, this paper will suggest an approach to defining an “emergency” based on separation of powers considerations. It will then consider whether this definition of the term “emergency” might survive scrutiny by the Supreme Court based upon its separation of powers jurisprudence.
The Process of Democratic Breakdown: Controlling Information While Evading Term Limits
Authors: Jang JunHyeok
Published: August 2020

Politicians often erode democratic institutions to consolidate their personal power through acts like term limit evasions. Violations of fundamental constitutional arrangements, so-called “bright line” institutions, are often expected to result in anti-government opposition. Then how do leaders evading term limits extend the term and keep their office? I argue that political leaders strategically prevent protests after the initiation of term limit evasions by limiting the free flow of information that is imperative for potential dissidents to collectively mobilize against a leader. Using difference-in-differences with matching for TSCS, I show that term limit evasions are followed by a marked decrease in a country’s freedom of expression and it is more salient in autocracies than in democracies. In addition, using Venezuela as an example, I provide micro-evidence of information control by investigating how topics of opposition media change after a term limit evasion.
The Art of “iWar”: Disinformation Campaign as a Strategy of Informational Autocracy Promotion
Authors: Chang Ming-Chiao , Chang Chun-Chih , Lin Thung-Hong
Published: August 2020

This study aims to investigate the global pattern of social media disinformation dissemination among regimes. We assume that autocracies adopting Internet censorship and spreading disinformation online to domestic population are more probable to apply Internet disinformation to attack their neighboring democracies than neighboring autocracies for their geopolitical interests. The autocracy promotion hypothesis is confirmed by the database integrated from the Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Digital Society Project (DSP) dataset (2000~2018) released in 2019. We also integrated socio-economic variables from different data sources from 137 countries to test the other hypotheses of domestic conditions facilitating the spread of Internet disinformation. Our empirical evidences show that democracies with a neighboring autocracy that adopted higher degree of Internet capacity would expose to higher risk suffering from foreign disinformation than other countries. In addition, the lower educational level of population, and the greater Internet coverage increase the possibility of disinformation campaign from abroad.
Impact of Cultivar, Harvest Date and Threshing Parameter Settings on Floret and Carthamidin Yield of Safflower
Authors: Steberl Kathrin , Hartung Jens , Graeff-Hönninger Simone
Published: August 2020

The industrial need for safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) increased over the last decade due to its potential use as food colorant. Safflower is mainly cultivated in Asia for its use as floret. In Germany, an economically attractive cultivation for floret use would require a mechanization of harvest. In order to develop a mechanical harvesting system, field experiments were conducted at the experimental station Ihinger Hof of the University Hohenheim in 2017 and 2018. Safflower was harvested with a combine harvester to obtain the florets. Two safflower (i) cultivars were harvested with (ii) three threshing parameter settings on (iii) five harvest dates to evaluate threshed floret yield, dry matter and carthamidin content, and carthamidin yield. Results showed that the maximum threshed floret yield was achieved at the latest harvest date (784.78–1141.76 kg ha−1), while the highest carthamidin contents were observed depending on cultivar on the first two harvest dates (0.53–3.14%). The decisive and resulting amount of carthamidin yield reached its maximum with the Chinese cultivar and the threshing parameter setting P3 between the fourth and fifth harvest date in 2018 (19.05–19.36 kg ha−1). Highest dry matter contents were achieved at the last harvest date (62.67–77.77%). Individual capitula weight and carthamidin content decreased with later harvest dates. Further investigations should clarify whether the individual capitula weight and carthamidin content correlate with each other or are independent of the date of harvest. This could be a decisive criterion for the selection of cultivars for harvesting florets with a combine harvester. Reduced costs of machine harvesting compared to hand harvesting will make the cultivation of safflower for the food coloring industry in Germany more attractive in the future.
Claw Trimming as a Lameness Management Practice and the Association with Welfare and Production in Dairy Cows
Authors: Sadiq Mohammed Babatunde , Ramanoon Siti Zubaidah , Mansor Rozaihan , Syed-Hussain Sharifah Salmah , Shaik Mossadeq Wan Mastura
Published: August 2020

Lameness resulting from claw lesions remains a pressing welfare issue in dairy cows. Claw trimming (CT) is a common practice for prevention and management of clinically lame cows. This review summarizes the results of studies that have investigated various claw trimming (CT) methods, their application in lameness management, and associations with the welfare and production of dairy cows. The papers included in this review fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: published in peer review journal or book chapter within the last 20 years (1999–2019), written in English, and focused on the application of CT for lameness management and the association with either welfare or production variables. Databases used included Google scholar, Web of Science and PubMed. A total of 748 records were assessed and 61 papers were eligible for inclusion and the main objectives and results were used to categorize the results under six topics: CT techniques, association between CT and claw overgrowth/specific claw lesions, timing and frequency of CT, association between CT and behavioral variables, association between CT and physiological parameters, and association between CT and production. The literature findings showed the existence of various CT methods with the common types including the Dutch Five-step, White Line, White Line Atlas, and Kansas techniques. There is data paucity on the efficacy of these techniques in lameness management; however, the slight procedural difference yields varying sole thicknesses and presentations which may influence their prophylactic use. Results regarding the impact of CT on welfare and production were discussed in relation to potential short and long-term benefits. Depending on the lesion type and severity level, CT may induce immediate painful sensation, stress, changes in lying down activities and reduction in milk yield, but the positive impacts were more evident at later stages of lactation following improvement in locomotion score. The majority of the reviewed studies were lacking a detailed description of CT techniques and claw health of the studied animals; thus, reducing the strength of demonstrating CT-related benefits. However, electronic recording of claw health data during every CT visit provides the basis for monitoring hoof health and could assist in curtailing some of these challenges. To elucidate CT-related benefits, certain areas requiring further research were highlighted such as ascertaining the appropriate timing for preventive CT and identifying cows that will benefit more from such intervention during lactation.
Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Shedding by Dogs and Cats Hospitalized in an Emergency and Critical Care Department of a Veterinary Teaching Hospital
Authors: Shnaiderman-Torban Anat , Navon-Venezia Shiri , Kelmer Efrat , Cohen Adar , Paitan Yossi , Arielly Haya , Steinman Amir
Published: August 2020

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-PE) gut shedding in human medicine is considered as a major reservoir for ESBL-associated infections in high risk patients. In veterinary medicine, data regarding ESBL-PE gut shedding on admission to emergency and critical care department is scarce. We aimed to determine ESBL-PE shedding rates by dogs and cats in this setting and to determine the risk factors for shedding, at two separate periods, three-years apart. Rectal swabs were collected from animals, on admission and 72 h post admission, enriched and plated on Chromagar ESBL plates, followed by bacterial identification. ESBL phenotype was confirmed and antibiotic susceptibility profiles were determined (Vitek 2). Medical records were reviewed for risk factor analysis (SPSS). Overall, 248 animals were sampled, including 108 animals on period I (2015–2016) and 140 animals on period II (2019). In both periods combined, 21.4% of animals shed ESBL-PE on admission, and shedding rates increased significantly during hospitalization (53.7%, p-value < 0.001). The main ESBL-PE species were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, accounting for more than 85% of the isolates. In a multivariable analysis, previous hospitalization was a risk factor for ESBL-PE gut shedding (p-value = 0.01, Odds ratio = 3.05, 95% Confidence interval 1.28–7.27). Our findings demonstrate significant ESBL-PE gut shedding among small animals in the emergency and critical care department, posing the necessity to design and implement control measures to prevent transmission and optimize antibiotic therapy in this setting.
Advances on Food-Derived Peptidic Antioxidants—A Review
Authors: Pan Mingfei , Liu Kaixin , Yang Jingying , Liu Shengmiao , Wang Shan , Wang Shuo
Published: August 2020

The oxidation process is considered to be the main reason behind human aging, human degenerative diseases and food quality degradation. Food-derived peptidic antioxidants (PAs) have wide sources and great activity, and have broad application prospects in removing excess reactive oxygen species in the body, anti-aging and preventing and treating diseases related to oxidative stress. On the other hand, PAs are expected to inhibit the lipid peroxidation of foods and increase the stability of the food system in the food industry. However, the production pathways and action mechanism of food-derived PAs are diverse, which makes it is difficult to evaluate the performance of PAs which is why the commercial application of PAs is still in its infancy. This article focuses on reviewing the preparation, purification, and characterization methods of food-derived PAs, and expounds the latest progress in performance evaluation and potential applications, in order to provide an effective reference for subsequent related research of PAs.
The New Approach to Analysis of Thin Isotropic Symmetrical Plates
Authors: Delyavskyy Mykhaylo , Rosiński Krystian
Published: August 2020

A new approach to solve plate constructions using combined analytical and numerical methods has been developed in this paper. It is based on an exact solution of an equilibrium equation. The proposed mathematical model is implemented as a computer program in which known analytical formulae are rewritten as wrapper functions of two arguments. Partial derivatives are calculated using automatic differentiation. A solution of a system of linear equations is substituted to these functions and evaluated using the Einstein summation convention. The calculated results are presented and compared to other analytical and numerical ones. The boundary conditions are satisfied with high accuracy. The effectiveness of the present method is illustrated by examples of rectangular plates. The model can be extended with the ability to solve plates of any shape.
An Experimental and Statistical Study on Rebar Corrosion Considering the Temperature Effect Using Gaussian Process Regression
Authors: Woo Byeong Hun , Jeon In Kyu , Kim Seong Soo , Lee Jeong Bae , Ryou Jae-Suk
Published: August 2020

Temperature is an important factor that affects corrosion potential in rebars. The temperature effect must be removed from the corrosion potential for precise measurement of corrosion rates. To separate the temperature effect from the corrosion potential, in this study rebar specimens were not embedded in concrete but, instead, were placed in an uncontrolled air environment. Gaussian process regression (GPR) was applied to the temperature and the non-corrosion potential data in order to remove the temperature effect from the corrosion potential. The results indicated that the corrosion potential was affected by the temperature. Furthermore, the GPR models of all the experimental cases showed high coefficients of determination (R2 > 0.90) and low root mean square errors (RMSE < 0.08), meaning that these models had high reliability. The fitted GPR models were used to successfully remove the temperature effect from the corrosion potential. This demonstrates that the GPR method can be appropriately used to assess the temperature effect on rebar corrosion.
Modeling Indoor Particulate Matter and Small Ion Concentration Relationship—A Comparison of a Balance Equation Approach and Data Driven Approach
Authors: Davidović Miloš , Davidović Milena , Jovanović Rastko , Kolarž Predrag , Jovašević-Stojanović Milena , Ristovski Zoran
Published: August 2020

In this work we explore the relationship between particulate matter (PM) and small ion (SI) concentration in a typical indoor elementary school environment. A range of important air quality parameters (radon, PM, SI, temperature, humidity) were measured in two elementary schools located in urban background and suburban area in Belgrade city, Serbia. We focus on an interplay between concentrations of radon, small ions (SI) and particulate matter (PM) and for this purpose, we utilize two approaches. The first approach is based on a balance equation which is used to derive approximate relation between concentration of small ions and particulate matter. The form of the obtained relation suggests physics based linear regression modelling. The second approach is more data driven and utilizes machine learning techniques, and in this approach, we develop a more complex statistical model. This paper attempts to put together these two methods into a practical statistical modelling approach that would be more useful than either approach alone. The artificial neural network model enabled prediction of small ion concentration based on radon and particulate matter measurements. Models achieved median absolute error of about 40 ions/cm3 and explained variance of about 0.7. This could potentially enable more simple measurement campaigns, where a smaller number of parameters would be measured, but still allowing for similar insights.
Study on Damage of 4H-SiC Single Crystal through Indentation and Scratch Testing in Micro–Nano Scales
Authors: Chai Peng , Li Shujuan , Li Yan , Yin Xincheng
Published: August 2020

In this paper, a series of indentation tests in which the maximum normal force ranged from 0.4 to 3.3 N were carried out to determine the fracture toughness of 4H-SiC single crystals. The results indicated that an appropriate ratio of the distance from the indentation center to the radial crack tip to the distance from the indentation center to the indentation corner is significant to calculate fracture toughness of 4H-SiC single crystals. The critical condition with no cracks on the edge of the indentation was obtained through a fitting method. The surface morphologies of the groove were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Plastic deformation was observed and characterized by the smooth groove without cracks and ductile chips on the edge of the groove in the initial stages of scratch. With increased normal force, median cracks, radial cracks, and microcracks appeared in turn, followed by the crack system no longer being able to stably extend, causing the brittle fracture to dominate the material removal. The size of the edge damages were measured through SEM and the experimental data highly agreed with the predicted curve. A modified calculation model considering elastic recovery of the sample by the indenter during the scratching process was suggested. These results prove that elastic recovery of 4H-SiC single crystals cannot be ignored during ultra-precision machining.
Objective Evaluation of Therapeutic Effects of ADHD Medication Using a Smart Watch: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ouyang Chen-Sen , Yang Rei-Cheng , Chiang Ching-Tai , Wu Rong-Ching , Lin Lung-Chang
Published: August 2020

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common neurobehavioral disorder in schoolchildren. Several methods are used to evaluate ADHD therapeutic effects, including the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham (SNAP) questionnaire, the Vanderbilt ADHD Diagnostic Rating Scale, and the visual analog scale. However, these scales are subjective. In this study, we employed an objective method to evaluate the aforementioned therapeutic effects. Ten patients (nine boys and one girl) with ADHD were enrolled. An accelerometer was embedded in a smart watch to record the movements of patients with ADHD. The variance values of the accelerometer before and after one month of medication (methylphenidate) use were compared. The results demonstrated that the variance values along the y- and z-axes of the accelerometers significantly decreased after one month of methylphenidate use. Before and after one month of methylphenidate use, the variance values were 4.4227 ± 2.1723 and 2.3214 ± 0.6475 (p = 0.0119) on the y-axis, and 4.0933 ± 1.5720 and 2.4091 ± 0.8141 (p = 0.0140) on the z-axis, respectively. In addition, the correlation was moderate-to-strong between the SNAP hyperactivity subscale and variance along the y-axis. Thus, a smart watch with an accelerometer inside is potentially an objective and useful method for evaluating the therapeutic effects of ADHD medications.
Climatology of the Boundary Layer Height and of the Wind Field over Greece
Authors: Bakas Nikolaos A. , Fotiadi Angeliki , Kariofillidi Sophia
Published: August 2020

In this study, a climatology of two key boundary layer features, the Planetary Boundary Layer Height (PBLH) and the wind field over Greece is derived. The climatology is based on daily soundings collected in Athens, Thessaloniki and Heraklion and spanning a 32-year period. The PBLH is estimated using a method based on the gradient of potential temperature and a method based on the bulk Richardson number. The wind field is analyzed by calculating the wind shear and the turning angle of the wind vector between the surface and the top of the boundary layer. The PBLH of the daytime boundary layer over Athens and Thessaloniki is found to exhibit seasonal variability with summer maxima and winter minima and has annual median values in the range of 1.4–1.7 km estimated using the gradient method. The PBLH over Heraklion is found to exhibit weak seasonal variability with a lower median value of 1.2 km. The nighttime boundary layer over all three sites is found to be much shallower with PBLH values in the range of 150–200 m with no seasonal variations. In addition, the bulk Richardson number method is found to systematically underestimate the PBLH compared to the gradient method. The wind field in the daytime boundary layer at all three sites is found to have small shear of the order of 1 ms−1 and wind turning angles that are lower than 15 degrees, while in the nocturnal boundary layer it has larger shear of the order of 5–10 ms−1 with turning angles lower than 20 degrees. In addition, for both the daytime and the nighttime boundary layer there is no general preference for veering or backing.