bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
strategi pembinaan tim olshraga sekolah untun mencapai prestasi yang baik dalam kompetisi
Authors: Silalahi Arjuna Memori , Pardosi Ibra Glen Presly , Rajagukguk Yonaxel Jusak
Published: July 2024

Penelitian ini membahas strategi pembinaan tim olahraga sekolah di SMP Trisakti 2 Medan dengan fokus pada integrasi olahraga dalam kurikulum pendidikan.  Penelitian  ini  menggunakan  pendekatan  kualitatif  melalui  metode deskriptif.  Teknik  pengumpulan  data  pada  penelitian  ini  adalah  observasi wawancara. Analisis  data  dilakukan  secara  kualitatif  dengan  tahapan  reduksi data,  penyajian  data,  dan  penarikan  kesimpulan. Diharapkan dengan pendekatan yang terstruktur dan komprehensif, tim olahraga sekolah dapat mencapai prestasi yang lebih baik dan memberikan dampak positif bagi perkembangan fisik dan mental para siswa. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi penting dalam pengembangan kebijakan pendidikan dan program sekolah serta memberikan wawasan praktis bagi pendidik, administrator sekolah, dan pembuat kebijakan dalam meningkatkan motivasi siswa dalam pendidikan jasmani. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa tantangan dalam integrasi olahraga dalam kurikulum lain meliputi kurangnya pemahaman guru, keterbatasan sumber daya, dan resistensi dari orang tua. Solusinya meliputi pelatihan guru, peningkatan fasilitas olahraga, dan kampanye kesadaran kepada orang tua, yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan penerimaan dan efektivitas program.
The potential of artificial intelligence in business
Authors: Sazanova S. L. , Karmanov N. N.
Published: July 2024

The article examines the potential of artificial intelligence in entrepreneurial activity in the Russian economy at the present stage of its development in the context of modern challenges. The authors identified Russia’s place in global trends related to artificial intelligence. The authors paid attention to such relatively little–studied aspects of the use of artificial intelligence as the modernization of business processes in all sectors of the economy; improving the labor market through new forms of employment; optimization of migration policy; increasing the efficiency of the institution of self–employment in general and in terms of pension provision for the self–employed in particular; optimization of the size of the «shadow economy»; improvement of entrepreneurial activity through more complete implementation of the functions of an entrepreneur. The authors have identified the high positive potential of artificial intelligence in solving a number of problems in the Russian economy, including: reducing the size of the shadow economy, optimizing the labor market and migration policy, improving business processes and a number of others.The article shows that reducing transaction and transformation costs with the help of artificial intelligence will increase the growth rate of the Russian economy, increase the level of well–being of citizens and fully realize the functions of an entrepreneur in a market economy.
On the need to revise measures of state support for small and medium–sized businesses
Authors: Neopulo K. L.
Published: July 2024

The proposed study is devoted to the study of the problems of the development of state support for small business in the light of the National Project «Small and medium5sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative» being implemented in the Russian Federation. The methods of induction and deduction, system analysis, and comparison were used as a methodological basis. The subject of the study is the subsystems of the mechanism of state support for small and medium–sized businesses, which most effectively influence the activation of such a significant sector of the economy in the period 2018–2024. The coronavirus pandemic has revolutionized the transformation of small companies, accelerated digitalization, changed business models, organizational structure and thinking of owners, and influenced the number and demographic characteristics of employees. The timely response of the Government and the measures of large–scale state support introduced have significantly offset the possible devastating consequences for the entire segment of small and medium–sized enterprises. The Government’s operational efforts have not been in vain and small businesses have mostly stayed afloat. As a result of the study, conclusions were drawn: there was no further timely «reversal» caused by the special operation; the existing «availability» of financing does not allow achieving the target indicators laid down in the National Project (32.5% of GDP in 2024).Consequently, there is a need to revise government support measures and the need for adjustments to the system and tools aimed at the qualitative transformation of SMEs.
Features of the personnel motivation system in innovative organizations
Authors: Komarov S. P.
Published: July 2024

This article is devoted to the study of the issues of innovative organizations personnel motivation. The author describes the features of innovative organizations: stimulating scientific research, innovation and the search for non–standard solutions, therefore their principles of motivation should be aimed specifically at the implementation of these tasks. The article is related to the issues of increasing the productivity and efficiency of companies. Often in traditional organizations, staff motivation systems are created without taking into account the opinions of employees and have little correlation with the company’s values. According to the author, for productive innovation, it is important to develop and implement a policy that encourages innovative approaches, as well as creativity and initiative of employees. A well thought out staff motivation system plays a key role in the application of this policy, which ultimately contributes to the successful implementation of ambitious projects, increasing profits and the image of the organization. The article presents the characteristics of motivational incentives, namely monetary and non–monetary. The author substantiates the thesis that in order to stimulate innovative activity to employees needs to choose an individual approach, and non–monetary motivation in this case turns out to be more important than the monetary component.
«Los hermanos Del Hierro» (1961), de Ismael Rodríguez y «Par de reyes» (1983), de Ricardo Garibay. Un análisis comparado
Authors: Abril Juan Carlos
Published: July 2024

Tanto Los hermanos Del Hierro (1961), de Ismael Rodríguez, como Par de Reyes (1983), de Ricardo Garibay, fueron escritos por este último, y por la relevancia de sus propuestas, que analizamos en este artículo, por su importancia formal en el cine mexicano y, en general, en el wéstern, y en la literatura, merecían que se les dedicara un estudio comparativo. Se da el caso de que se escribió primero el guion de la película, muy celebrada por la crítica y que, muchos años después, aquel motivó la novela, de género fronterizo, y de igual trascendencia literaria. Una novela ejemplar. Efectivamente, Ricardo Garibay se erige en el centro de estas dos creaciones, y no podemos olvidar que de esa idea original se despliega la famosa película, realizada por el director Ismael Rodríguez, imprescindible en la historia de la cinematografía mexicana. En conjunto, ambas obras maestras ofrecen una lección inconmensurable de los valores humanos ex negativo, mostrándonos lo que no debe ser: el odio, la venganza, el rencor, etc.
Aires románticos, falacia patética y el mar en la narrativa breve de Carmen de Burgos y de Ramón Gómez de la Serna
Authors: Cabañas Alamán Rafael
Published: July 2024

Resumen: En este ensayo se analizarán tres novelas breves de Carmen de Burgos y tres de Ramón Gómez de la Serna en las que se observan coincidencias, greguerías similares de ambos escritores y la huella del romanticismo. Se utilizará el término crítico “falacia patética” para entender el mar y otros espacios naturales como motivos humanizados que de manera comparable afectan el comportamiento de los personajes de las novelas estudiadas.
Resonancias de Garcilaso y Herrera en el canto mélico de Laínez (con ecos de madrigal cetiniano)
Authors: Escobar Borrego Francisco Javier
Published: July 2024

Resumen: El presente estudio ofrece un análisis circunscrito a los ecos de Garcilaso de la Vega, Fernando de Herrera y fray Luis de León en la obra lírica de Pedro Laínez (1538-1584). Se analiza, asimismo, la influencia del Madrigal “Ojos claros, serenos” de Gutierre de Cetina en el imaginario del escritor madrileño en una confluencia e intersección de códigos entre el verso y el discurso musical. Como resultado, Laínez se sirve, en fin, de la hibridación de destacados modelos a partir de un ejercicio de imitación compuesta con el objeto de transitar diferentes caminos de expresión literaria hasta obtener su propia voz poética.
Javier Maqua dirige «Comida», de Matin van Veldhuizen: cuerpos lastimados para teatralidades no valladas
Authors: García-Abad Teresa
Published: July 2024

Comida de Van Veldhuizen/Maqua es una historia de frontera que lleva a escena la lucha de un grupo de mujeres por sobrevivir a las imágenes/simulacro que la sociedad de consumo imprime sobre cuerpos y almas en un momento en el que la amenaza de estar avanzando a un estado de “poshumanidad” asociado a las transformaciones de las tecnologías en el arte como en la vida cobra cada vez mayor protagonismo. Sirviéndose de una poderosa lente, el artista obstinado en mirar a la realidad bien de frente que es Javier Maqua, incluso cuando la imagen que devuelve encierra poco de complaciente, ensaya para estas “aventuras en lo oscuro” un modo de teatralidad límite situada en tierra de nadie, una excentricidad en fuga de los Atlas de las Letras rigurosamente tronzados en géneros celosos de su autonomía.
Intervenciones poéticas en la ciudad imaginada: una aproximación a «La ciudad sin imágenes» (2023) de Juan Gallego Benot
Authors: Pagán Marín Helena
Published: July 2024

El protagonista de La ciudad sin imágenes (2023) padece prosopagnosia, una enfermedad cognitiva que le impide retener imágenes en la memoria. La imagen disponible que conserva de la ciudad deja, en consecuencia, de operar como elemento rector de su capacidad motora y orientativa por el medio urbano y cede a la palabra poética, con sus características particulares, el relevo por el sentido y la significación del medio urbano. En el presente artículo, analizamos las características y posibilidades teóricas de una poesía no subsidiaria de la imagen externa y, una vez acotadas sus particularidades, abordamos las posibilidades que dicha comprensión del logos poético presenta para la ciudad del siglo XXI; es decir, en qué medida la libera de simbologías caducas e invita al lector a reconsiderar sus marcos.
Él era así: la novela feminista y autobiográfica inédita de Josefina de la Torre
Authors: Patrón Sánchez Marina
Published: July 2024

Josefina de la Torre no solo fue poeta, sino que también fue autora de una interesante obra en prosa. En vida publicó doce novelas de diversos géneros y dejó dos inéditas Un rostro olvidado y Él era así. Aunque la primera puede catalogarse de novela rosa, la segunda escapa a esta clasificación porque en ella De la Torre arremete contra el amor romántico, denuncia los condicionamientos sociales y muestra la injusticia de la desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres. A través del análisis de Él era así queremos demostrar que esta obra puede considerarse como feminista, poniendo al descubierto una faceta autorial desconocida de la artista canaria al mismo tiempo que ahondamos en el conocimiento de su obra novelística y autobiográfica.
Autobiografía, autoría y feminidad en «Destino: vagabunda. Memorias» de Carmen Ollé
Authors: Susti Gonzales Alejandro
Published: July 2024

El artículo propone un acercamiento a Destino: vagabunda. Memorias de Carmen Ollé (1947) en relación con los géneros de las memorias y la autobiografía: el diálogo entre la historia de su vocación como escritora y su vida personal y las circunstancias históricas y experiencias en el ámbito público y político. En segundo lugar, el artículo aborda la problematización de la naturaleza del tiempo y la memoria, así como las estrategias narrativas del yo autobiográfico para “autoinventarse” (Eakin, 1991). Por último, se adopta una perspectiva de género para analizar esa “autoinvención” y las tensiones que produce con el modelo patriarcal.
«Un deambular circular. Estudios sobre la obra literaria de Gonzalo Hidalgo Bayal», de Ana Calvo Revilla
Authors: Amezcua Gómez David
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro Un deambular circular. Estudios sobre la obra literaria de Gonzalo Hidalgo Bayal (Madrid, Visor, 2023), de Ana Calvo Revilla.
«Galdós y cuenta nueva. Variaciones interdisciplinares», de Carlos Brito Díaz e Isabel Castells Molina (eds.)
Authors: Bellido Antonio
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro Galdós y cuenta nueva. Variaciones interdisciplinares (Madrid: Iberoamericana Vervuert, 2023), de Carlos Brito Díaz e Isabel Castells Molina (eds.)
«Leche condensada», de Aida González Rossi
Authors: Hernández Pérez Alejandro
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro Leche condensada (Barcelona: Caballo de Troya, 2023), de Aida González Rossi.
«Atados a la tierra y otros relatos», de Concha Lagos (ed. de Sandra G. Rodríguez)
Authors: Macannuco Ana
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro Atados a la tierra y otros relatos (Ed. de Sandra G. Rodríguez, Madrid, Dykinson, 2023).
«El rey de los hombres», de Gonzalo Martín de Marcos
Authors: Martín Jiménez Alfonso
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro El rey de los hombres (Lima: Hipocampo Editores, 2023), de Gonzalo Martín de Marcos
«Un deambular circular. Estudios sobre la obra literaria de Gonzalo Hidalgo Bayal», de Ana Calvo Revilla
Authors: Morán Carmen
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro Un deambular circular. Estudios sobre la obra literaria de Gonzalo Hidalgo Bayal (Madrid, Visor, 2023), de Ana Calvo Revilla.
«Gregorio y yo: medio siglo de colaboración», de María de la O Lejárraga (ed. de Juan Aguilera Sastre)
Authors: Paz López Lorena
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro Gregorio y yo, de María de la O Lejárraga (María Martínez Sierra) (ed. de Juan Aguilera Sastre, Sevilla, Renacimiento, 2023).
«La trinchera universal. Los voluntarios internacionales y la literatura de la Guerra Civil española», de Javier Sánchez Zapatero (ed.)
Authors: Serrano Espegel Diego
Published: July 2024

Reseña del libro La trinchera universal. Los voluntarios internacionales y la Guerra Civil española (Granada, Comares, 2021), de Javier Sánchez Zapatero (ed.).
En este libro se estudia la producción testimonial y literaria producida por los brigadistas extranjeros que participaron en la contienda, con capítulos dedicados a voluntarios de diferente procedencia y abriendo el estudio a otros nombres que no son los míticos Hemingway, Malraux u Orwell, cuyo análisis ha dejado en un segundo plano a una variedad de autores y de testigos sobre nuestra contienda bélica nacional. El libro contiene tres grandes apartados redactados por especialistas de universidades españolas y extranjeras: "Panoramas", con estados de la cuestión sobre las literaturas anglosajonas, francófonas, germánicas e iberoamericanas y su relación con la Guerra Civil; "Semblanzas", en el que se esbozan descripciones biográficas y literarias de importantes voluntarios que combatieron en España; y "Representaciones", con dos investigaciones que analizan la figura del brigadista internacional en las literaturas inglesa y española desde 1936 hasta la actualidad.
Mentions from a history of lexical stylistics thought
Authors: Berberyan Valter
Published: July 2024

Lexical stylistics is one of the main sections of stylistics, which studies the stylistic expressiveness of words. They also differ in lexicological and semantic stylistics. When studying the vocabulary of each language, it is necessary to determine the expressive role and stylistic coloring of different words. Different linguists were interested in the lexical stylistics of the Armenian language. Many of them have written both monographs and articles. Studies are still ongoing.
Stylistic studies of vocabulary, as the most rapidly changing part of language, can bring new linguistic realities to light. They can refer to the direct and figurative meanings of words, the expressive possibilities of words belonging to exfoliation of lexicon, the stylistic value of colloquial, idiomatic, dialectal words, vulgarism, barbarism, as well as word usage, and various related issues.
The article presents the basic problems of development of lexical stylistics (from the 1950s to the present day). We examined the semantic groups and exfoliation of lexicon based on S. Melkonyan and S. Eloyan's stylistic classifications and explained the stylistic analysis. We have studied the works written about lexical stylistics of the Armenian language, analyzed the provisions in various researches. The methodological basis is the combination of existing theoretical provisions.
Diversity, structural and linguistic features of the genre poetry of the 1920s by Yeghishe Charents
Authors: Tasalyan Anush
Published: July 2024

At the beginning of the 20th century, a new era began in the fields of world and Russian literature, art and culture, which Armenian literature could not remain indifferent. The theoretical foundations of taking the progress of the post-October art in a new direction, to changing the plan of the poem, enriching the content, of looking for new methods and ways of creating images were presented in declaration in three, which being the first attempt in that direction was naturally not free from controversial formulations.
In the quest to take the literary and artistic developments in a new direction the role of Y. Charents can't be renounced, whose poems were new both in terms of content and imagery, introducing newly created words into poetry, enriching the genre system with new nuances and a number of other aspects. Charents was experimenting with new models of poem structure, where the means of representation became more objective, the dictionary meanings of words were enriched with new content, and practical applications with new syntactic classifications.
Charents' works of the 1920s were notable for their genre variety: poem, poetry, agitka, radio poem, rubayats, rhabsody, publicity, poster, etc. It should be noted that it is difficult to give a stable definition of genre to many of these works, because the poet combines the peculiarities of different genres: style, language, structure, etc. Of course, the poet's persistent search was not always successful. He sometimes crosses the boundaries of propriety, directs the arrows of criticism against him with sharp wordings, which were often directed or intentional. But in honour of the poet it should be noted that he persistently continued his efforts to

push literary and artistic productions to a new path of progress enriching Armenian literature with new peculiarities and concluding his search with the monumental collection of "Book of the way.
The Social-Democratic Hnchak Party in America 1908-1914
Authors: Tadevosyan Anna
Published: July 2024

1908 the Young Turks did revolution in Turkey and gained power. Constitutional order was established in the country, which enabled Armenian political forces to operate freely. Welcoming the political changes in the country from the Armenian political structures, the Hnchakyan Party showed a cautious approach towards the new political force. Understanding the nationalist nature of the Young Turks, Honchakyans considered the preparation and arming of the people for self-defense an urgent problem in their circulars.
Among the Armenian political parties, the Social-Democratic Honchakyan Party in America in 1908-1914. took certain steps to protect the interests of Western Armenians. In 1908 S.D.H.K is trying to realize the self-defense of Western Armenians in a constitutional way. on this basis, the party in America decides to materially support the Center in the liberation of Western Armenians and use its influence to organize this work on the ground. Based on the existing facts, it becomes clear that the party, deviating from its main goal, allocates its funds not to the support of Western Armenians on the spot, but to the publication of the newspaper. From all this it can be concluded that in 1908-14 both in America and elsewhere, the party did not carry out full and effective activities in the self-defense of Western Armenians.
Integration of webquest technology into teaching and learning process
Authors: Amalyan Gohar
Published: July 2024

Computers and the Internet have opened up many possibilities for language teaching and learning. There are many websites and software programs that enable learners to improve their language knowledge and skills by engaging in various activities that provide more authentic learning experiences. This article describes one of the numerous online tools for language learning and development - WebQuest, which provides a technological resource that brings together the students’ needs and enhances motivation by creating dynamic and adaptable learning situations.
THE SPEECH DEVELOPMENT OF THE NSEC LERNERS THPOUGH THE INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Galstyan Gamlet
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this article is to develop the oral speech of pupils NSEC through information technologies, to elaborate tools that will help develop the speech of pupils with such characteristics, to reveal the importance of electronic means in the educational process of secondary school.
In the course of the study, we came to the conclusion that information technologies help to develop the speech of pupils NSEC, which is based on the significant role of teacher-student cooperation.
 All this encourages pupils NSEC:
       а. To communicate with friends through movements «gestures» and extra-linguistic means, to develop oral speech,

To share information with friends and teacher.
CHARACTERISTICS AND GENERAL FEATURES OF ARMENIAN CALENDAR INTERPRETATIONS IN THE 7TH-11TH CENTURIES
Authors: GALSTYAN GOR
Published: July 2024

This article examines the characteristics and general features of the interpretations of the Armenian calendar written during the 7th-11th centuries. The purpose of this research is to explore the reasons for writing these interpretations, determine their location in the writings, identify stylistic features, analyze content similarities and differences.
Word-sentences in middle armenian
Authors: Khachatryan Gurgen
Published: July 2024

Among the communicative units of the Middle Armenian language word-sentences are observed separately. The main member in them is expressed via affirmative and negative words ամէն ”Amen”, այո “Yes”, չէ “No”, քաւ լիցի “God forbid” which came mainly from Grabar (the Old Armenian language). In Middle Armenian sources expressive word-sentences are not found.
Of course, judgmental or emotional attitude can also be shown by parts of speech characterized by notional meanings, but unlike relative words and sounds, they are expressed by notional parts of speech: the attitude or feeling has a tangible meaning, b) the main (head) member may demand a complement if necessary.
What is said means that the main (head) member of word-sentences can be expressed only by parts of speech expressing immaterial (in this case, judgmental or emotional) meaning, that is, by conjuncts (disjuncts) and interjections, which, as a rule, cannot be connected to other words and become a member of a modifier-modified combination
The word-sentences, as well as one-part nominal structures, are the best means for speech-styling. Their application helps the speaker to be short, thus avoiding long, extended sentences. Word-sentences are used mainly in fiction, particularly in such sources where there are sermons, announcements, dialogues, quotations of the speakers’ responses, etc. Just like impersonal verbal and one-part nominative sentences, the word-sentences in Middle Armenian represent the sensuality of the works of fiction.
The word-sentences are not widely used in Middle Armenian which is explained not only by the restriction of the expressive means, but also by the content of the traditional sources.
About /on/ the relationship between the formation of new words in western Armenian
Authors: Khachatryan Aram
Published: July 2024

New formations /new words / have a special role in vocabulary enrichment. The study of neologisms has always been the subject of linguists' attention.
The material of the study was the words taken out from the Western Armenian press /Hayrenik, Nor Yaraj, Horizon/ published in 2018-2021, which are not fixed in the dictionaries. In the majority of Western Armenian complex (complicated) words, the main semantic center is the last component. The latter expresses such a meaning that is concretized by the first component. Moreover, the superior component can be nominal or verbal.
In the case when the root of the verb acts as a root, it is manifested mainly by the root of the verb and the root of the adverbial modifier.
It should be noted that in the case of the stem root, it is more rarely compared to being in the compound root, because the verb rarely becomes a compliment to other parts of speech.
As we have seen, among the independent verbs of the Western Armenian (including Eastern Armenian) the indefinite, subjective compounds (complex and derivational words) also participate in word formation without change, preserving not only infinitives but also the verbal word-forming suffix-endings (-el, -al, -ogh) , (ing), (to do, doing).
The study of the material allows us to conclude that the verb base, as a stemming base, participates less in word formation than as a compound base. Indefinite and subjunctive verb bases are more often found in the role of seed bases, sometimes preserving verb endings as well.
The poetic world of Arshak Chopanyan
Authors: Seyrayan Lilit
Published: July 2024

The poetics of the great figure of Armenian culture, cultural critic, literary critic, publisher, editor, national public figure, poet, writer, playwright, translator, propagandist of Armenian culture in the West A. Chopanyan undoubtedly bears the stamp of ideology and poetics of symbolism, in particular, French and Russian symbolism, but the subtle and deep structure of his unique imaginative thinking is based on the tradition of national poetry, also due to his temperament.
In the process of researching the poetic world of Arshak Chopanyan, taking into account the available valuable meta-text, structural-semiotic, psychological, comparative-historical methods, principles of historical and cultural research, interdisciplinary approaches were combined. The main themes, motifs and symbols of Chopanyan's poetic world were highlighted and emphasized, among which the national-patriotic theme, the theme of life and death, the motif of silence, the aesthetics of white, olfactory motifs, the relationship of the moment and eternity, fairy tales and boredom of life, dreams and reality, symbols butterfly, star, shooting star, lily, sea, parallels sea-life, sea-woman, woman-life and woman-death. These symbols form a unique sign system. By studying the semantic nuances and interactions of these symbols, analyzing the historical and cultural context, comparative historical research, and some interdisciplinary observations, the overall picture of Chopanyan's poetic world was revealed.
A number of Chopanyan's poems about love, about the  cosmic thought, in particular, a poem with the refrain "Hate, but don't forget me", revealing one of the layers of the psychology of love, can be presented to the court of world poetry.
Short and long poems, poems in prose, white, blue or,, gloomy,, sonnets, rondos, geghons and taghs with personal, national and universal significance are ultimately aimed at revealing the mystery of existence.
A comparison of subjective well-being between urban and rural elderly in China: Differences and influences
Authors: Fan Cong , Chen Renxing
Published: July 2024

Background: Among urban and rural elderly in China, comprehensive contextual factors of subjective well-being (SWB) have not yet been investigated systematically. Using a large and representative sample of Chinese elderly people, this study explored the predictors of SWB. As outlined in Andersen’s behavioral model, predictors can be classified as predisposing, enabling, needing, and health factors. Methods: The Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) is a nationwide, community-based and cross-sectional study conducted between 2003 and 2022. This study used data from 2018. There were 4415 participants aged over 60, including 1763 urban residents and 2652 rural residents. The SWB was measured on a five-point Likert scale ranging from very unhappy to very happy. Estimating potential predictors on SWB was accomplished by using ordinal logistic regression models in the generalized linear method. Results: In China, the SWB of urban and rural elderly has greatly improved, and the gap between them has narrowed significantly. Those with spouses, pensions, higher incomes, better self-reported health, and more social activities have better SWB. In the urban elderly, SWB is primarily determined by enabling factors such as personal income, while in the rural elderly, it is primarily determined by need factors such as social participation. Conclusions: A variety of factors influence SWB among the elderly. An emphasis should be placed on helping widowed elderly people, those without pension insurance, those with low incomes, and those less involved in social activities. Leisure activities, financial support, social security, and medical services can all be improved to promote the SWB of older people.
Promotion of pine seedling resistance to Phoma blight due to fertilizer applications
Authors: Середич М.О. , Ярмолович В.А. , Якимов Н.И.
Published: July 2024

Приведены результаты исследований по повышению устойчивости сеянцев сосны обыкновенной к фомозу путем применения удобрений. Выявлено, что внекорневые подкормки растений снижают распространенность и степень развития болезни, что выражается в улучшении биометрических показателей сеянцев (средней высоты надземной части, длины хвои и др.) в лесных питомниках. Установлено, что при внекорневых подкормках растений наибольший эффект в повышении устойчивости к фомозу достигается за счет применения удобрений с большой долей содержания азота.
Mechanization of agrotechnical tending forest nurseries
Authors: Казаков В.И. , Проказин Н.Е. , Лобанова Е.Н.
Published: July 2024

Приведено описание конструкций культиваторов для проведения агротехнических уходов за посадочным материалом в лесных питомниках. Рассмотрены основные показатели работы культиваторов с пассивными рабочими органами типа ККП-1,5, успешно применяющихся в лесных питомниках. Опытно-производственная проверка культиваторов ККП-1,5 и ККП-1,5А показала, что они в полной мере отвечают предъявляемым требованиям.
The Pine Wood Nematode as a Threat to Conifer Forests in Russia
Authors: Кулинич А. , Козырева И. , Арбузова Н.
Published: July 2024

Представлен краткий обзор по биологии, вредоносности, мерам борьбы и возможным путям заноса сосновой стволовой нематоды Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, относящейся к числу наиболее вредоносных патогенных организмов для хвойных насаждений. В случае заноса и распространения сосновой стволовой нематоды на территории России прямой и косвенный ежегодный ущерб может составить от 47 до 112 млрд руб.

The following article is a short review of biology, harmfulness, control measures and possible pathways of the pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, one of the most harmful pathogens of conifer forests. The species is included to the list of quarantine pests in many countries, including the Russian Federation. The pathogen has been introduced from the North America to Asia and is currently widespread in Japan, China, and South Korea. In 1999 the nematode was detected in Portugal having been introduced by means of wood packaging material from China. The life cycle of the species is closely connected to the sawyers of Monochamus spp., native vector of conifer forests, who transmit the nematodes from infected to healthy trees. When a tree is infected by nematodes, transmitted by a vector, the tree dies back eventually by the end of summer in a favorable environment. The PRA showed that the territory of the Russian Federation is favorable for the adaptation of the pine wood nematode. In case of pest introduction and spread in the Russian Federation, the estimated annual damage may amount from 47 to 112 billion rubles.
Species Composition of Trees in the Green Areas of Cheboksary
Authors: Самохвалов В. , Рысин Л.
Published: July 2024

При обследовании зеленых насаждений в Чебоксарах на основе функционального и экономического районирования установлено, что существующий ассортимент деревьев во всех районах характеризуется низким видовым разнообразием. В посадках на территории зеленых зон преобладают местные виды, доля хвойных и декоративных интродуцированных видов древесных растений очень мала. Показана необходимость более активного внедрения в практику городского зеленого строительства научно обоснованных рекомендаций по расширению и улучшению ассортимента древесных пород.

The capital of the Chuvash Republic, the city of Cheboksary, is a large industrial, commercial, financial, scientific, educational and cultural center in the Privolzhsky Federal District. Almost 80% of Cheboksary is located on the right bank of the Volga, which belongs to the forest-steppe zone. Light-gray forest and sod-podzolic soils dominate here. In conditions of temperate continental climate, the main limiting factors for the growth of woody plants are low winter temperatures and industrial emissions. The objectives of our research are to identify current trends in city gardening, and to develop proposals for adjusting the range of used woody plants. To study the impact on green plantations of the complex of natural and anthropogenic factors, it is proposed to divide the territory of the city of Cheboksary into 5 functional-economic zones. The subject of the research was trees that grow in typical greenery planted in the public areas (parks, squares, boulevards), as well as along streets (highways and local importance). The article shows the distribution of research objects in functional-economic zones. The assortment of trees represented in green plantations is established, differences in the species composition of trees are revealed at the greening facilities of the city. It is noted that the existing range of tree species in all functional and economic zones of Cheboksary is characterized by insufficient species diversity. Aboriginal species prevail here, very few coniferous plants, as well as introduced ornamental plants that are stable in local conditions prevail. The obtained results can be applied to planning works on landscaping Cheboksary. More active and systematic use of the developed recommendations will allow to ensure the improvement of the range of trees for the creation of green spaces in various settlements of the region.
Distribution and Fructification of Blackberry Gray in the Woods of the Steppe Don region
Authors: Коробова В.
Published: July 2024

В результате 3-летних наблюдений (2012–2014 гг.) выявлены закономерности распространения ежевики сизой (Rubus caesius) в лесах степного Придонья, изучены показатели урожайности, определены ее возможные промысловые площади. Получены данные об экологической приуроченности вида, зависимости его продуктивности от мест произрастания и метеорологических условий.

The article devoted to the study of the distribution and fruiting of blackberries PPE in different groups of types of natural forest steppe of the don area [1]. The study of non-timber forest resources presents a great interest from the point of view at intensification of forest management. However, currently in the Russian Federation, the most studied and widely used berry plants of family cranberry. The relevance of the article associated with fact that the BlackBerry grey, as an important non-wood resource of the southern forests of our country, poorly studied. In literature there are single works associated mainly with the geobotanical characteristics of this plant. An author on the basis of observations 2012-2014 identified the main regularities of the distribution of culture in different groups of forest types of the steppe of the don area, studied parameters of its productivity, also defined the possible fishing areas. In addition, the work presents the data of the dependence of the growth and fruiting of blackberries from the conditions of the habitat. For the time of the work examined more than 40 hectares of forest land, of which presents berries blue-gray of BlackBerry. It is established that the studied culture is found in all natural forestsof the steppe of the don area: the floodplain, arena and bairachny. However, the largest areas of berries noted in the floodplain of Don river. The maximum parameters of blue-gray BlackBerry recorded in birch arena band that has no underbrush and undergrowth. Minimal – oak forests bairachny Priceline in which non-enough illumination in combination with excessive moisture created unfavorable conditions for the development of the blue-gray BlackBerry. In addition, the author noted the high dependence of productivity of blue-gray BlackBerry from lighting habitats. Well-lighting areas of forest are preferable to fruit culture, and the lack of light leaded to the growth of young shoots, which shading fruit-bearing and reducing the overall productivity of berry. In conclusion, we presented preliminary findings on the research topic, confirming the confinement of field berries blue-grey blackberry to certain groups of forest types.
Subcanopy Forest Regeneration in the National Park «Ugra»
Authors: Стоноженко Л. , Коротков С. , Гришенков В.
Published: July 2024

На примере национального парка «Угра» рассмотрены различные аспекты естественного лесовозобновления в зоне хвойно-широколиственных лесов по формациям и типам леса с учётом влияния антропогенного воздействия, развития подлеска и других факторов. Установлено, что в группе сложных типов леса подрост липы (Tilia cordata) практически всегда преобладает или создает значительную конкуренцию подросту клёна остролистного (Acer platanoides) или вяза (Ulmus sp.).

The article examines various aspects of natural forest regeneration in the zone of mixed forests, by formations and forest types. Anthropogenic impact, development of undergrowth, and other factors were considered. Case studies were conducted in the national park «Ugra». The importance of the study is related to the fact that on the border of mixed and broadleaved forests, the main forest-forming species often grow under non-optimal conditions. Under such conditions, the most important element in predicting the dynamics of species composition is undergrowth inventory and the assessment of changes in its density, composition, and state. In the national park «Ugra» in 2014–2017, we have established 54 permanent observation plots (POP) in various formations and site conditions. Along with the detailed description of the stand, the undergrowth and shrubs were registered on test plots within the POP. Vital specimens were considered, being divided into size categories, with followed recalculation into a large one. In the stands examined, the amount of undergrowth varies from 0.4 to 24.3 thousand specimen per hectare. The undergrowth demonstrated various levels of species diversity: from 2 to 9 species per POP. In this aspect, soil conditions become the limiting factor of the primary importance. The hardest competition for undergrowth species is provided by hazel. In the group of composite forest types, lime (Tiliacordata) undergrowth either predominates or provides a significant competition to the undergrowth of maple (Acer platanoides) or elm (Ulmus sp.). The share of oak undergrowth is low on the studied objects. The proportion of spruce in the undergrowth is naturally insignificant (with the exception of some pine forests and moist habitats), while the occurrence of spruce undergrowth (constancy) is quite high – 59%.
Optimization of Forest Fire Fighting Expenditures
Authors: Волокитина А. , Софронова Т.
Published: July 2024

Проанализирована эффективность управления пожарами в США и России. Приведен основной принцип оптимизации затрат при тушении лесных пожаров и возможности преодоления сложностей при его внедрении в практику пожаротушения в России. Предложен метод оптимизации затрат при тушении лесных пожаров на основе карт растительных горючих материалов.

The relevant background is analyzed in the USA and Russia. It is pointed out that expenditures for forest fire fighting and forest fire damage are in a dynamic reverse dependence. The main principle to optimize expenditures is formulated: the sum of expenditures and damage should be in the minimum. This becomes possible when expenditures and damage are equal. However, it is obvious that it is necessary to take into account a comprehensive damage, direct and indirect, including a predicted one. This principle is difficult to realize in practice since there are undefined and considerable fluctuations of fire areas and fire damage by years, as well as uncertainties in monetary evaluation of environmental fire effects (in particular, forest fire impact on atmospheric oxygen and carbon balance). The paper considers ways to overcome some difficulties on the assumption of equal estimation accuracy for various damage components. It is suggested that forest fire behaviour prediction based on vegetation fuel (VF) maps should be used for optimization of expenditures for forest fire fighting. Methods of making VF maps are developed at the Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS. The information databases for making such maps using forest inventory data are available for some parts of Russia: Chunskiy Forest Office (Krasnoyarsk krai) and nature reserves (Stolby, Sayano-Shushensky, Kuznetskiy Alatau, Ubsunurskaya kotlovina). With forest inventory information being absent or not relevant, it is possible to use a method of VF maps creation based on space images of high and ultrahigh resolution.
On the verge of forest protection service 80 year anniversary
Authors: Токарев О.В.
Published: July 2024

Представлен краткий отчет о результатах деятельности службы защиты лесов в преддверии ее 80-летнего юбилея. Сформулированы основные направления деятельности службы в настоящее время – защита лесов от насекомых-вредителей и болезней леса, а также проблемы воспроизводства лесов. В настоящее время ФБУ «Рослесозащита» имеет 42 филиала, квалифицированный кадровый состав и высокую техническую оснащенность, что обеспечивает выработку и реализацию необходимых решений и эффективных мер в сфере защиты лесов от вредных организмов и других неблагоприятных воздействий.

The paper highlights issues of forest protection against hazardous organisms, insect pests and forest diseases as well as forest regeneration challenges. Now days efficient forest protection is unfeasible without on line state forest pathology monitoring and forest regeneration without forest regeneration state monitoring. Organization of rational forest use, protection and regeneration is important strategically. In 2018 "Roslesozashita" is going to celebrate its 80 year anniversary completely fits the requirements that enable to make environmentyal and economical decisions based on its operation results. Key risks of national environmental forest security are in focus. Siberian moth outbreaks that evolved in forests in the Krasnoyarsk territory, Tomskaya, Kemerovskaya and Irkutskaya regions, Buryatia Republic are a serious danger. Siberian moth outbreak suppression operation efficiency was 90–100%, which enabled to save around 1.4 ha of Russian forests. Topwood bark beetle population buildup in the Bryanskaya region and its damage in forest areas and its further infestation risk European Russian pine woods is of special worry. The paper as well covers such issues as forest regeneration situation assessment. Over 80 years the forest protection service is involved in operations to keep forest ecosystem environmental resilience, In particular «Roslesozashita» has 42 subsidiaries, qualified staff and high technical infrastructure that enable development and implementation of needed decisions and efficient operations to protect forests against hazardous organisms and other adverse impacts.
Condition of Wood Species and Reproduction Ofoak Forest in Zone of Forest Steppe
Authors: Стороженко В.Г. , Чеботарёва В.В. , Чеботарёв П.А.
Published: July 2024

Представлены экспериментальные данные об ослаблении и усыхании деревьев дуба и других пород в зоне лесостепи. Определена высокая корреляционная связь количества приемов рубок ухода и качества их проведения в культурах дуба с формированием их древостоев: r = 0,9 при mr = 0,04 и t = 22,5. Предлагается система интенсивного воспроизводства дубовых лесов как непрерывный цикл агротехнических и лесоводственных уходов, в результате которых формируется высокобонитетный, высокотоварный дубовый древостой с 8–10 единицами дуба в составе.

In the article there were considered aspects tracking the history of oak stands' degradation on the territory of Russia, as well as key factors for degradation of oak trees crowns and transformation of oak forests into deciduous formations with no oak participation in the naturally forming plantations. Two main tasks are discussed in the article: presentation of experimental evidence for oak degradation and transformation of oak forests into mixed deciduous plantation with minimal oak participation in the stands composition or with its zero participation; provision of information to forestry experts and organizations on the researches made by the Forestry Institute under the Academy of Sciences. Those researches deal with the development of a system targeted at the intensive reproduction of highly productive oak plantations which would allow to grow trees stands having 8–10 oak species in their composition and to provide a possibility to vary plantations' structure depending on the their intended use. There was presented a new technique of assessing trees conditions considering development of secondary crowns. There was also presented experimental data (appraisal by points) on the grades of trees weakening (crown degradation) for the core forest shaping species in the mature and over mature stands of natural and artificial origin. Oak trees possess lower weakening indices comparing to other species – ash trees, Bosnian maple, common maple, and linden which is associated with progressive rate of oak species' degradation. The article specifies a change to the composition formula of the natural origin plantation over the period of 130–140 years starting from 10 oak trees species to their absence in the plantation formula. The author estimates a degree of association between the number and thoroughness of tending fellings (forming artificial oak stands) and presence of oak in the composition of the plantation's first layer. This association can be estimated as a high one and almost functional: r = 0,9 when mr = 0,04 and t = 22,5. The article introduces an intensive method of oak forests reproduction representing a continuous cycle of agro technical and mechanized treatment. As the result of such treatment there will be formed a single-storied, high-bonitat, highly-marketable oak stand with 8–10 of oak species in its composition.