bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History and Politics of Medication Abortion in the United States and the Rise of Telemedicine and Self-Managed Abortion
Authors: Baker Carrie N.
Published: January 2023

This article examines the decades-long campaign to increase access to abortion pills in the United States, including advocates' work to win US Food and Drug Administration approval of mifepristone and misoprostol for abortion, the continuing restrictions on mifepristone, and the multiple strategies advocates have pursued to challenge these restrictions, including lobbying the FDA to remove the restrictions, obtaining a limited research exemption from FDA restrictions, and suing the FDA during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article pays particular attention to the influence of research conducted on the safety and efficacy of medication abortion as well as research on the impact of increased availability of abortion pills through telemedicine during the pandemic. The article also addresses self-managed abortion, wherein people obtain and use mifepristone and/or misoprostol outside the formal health care system, and it documents the growing network of organizations providing logistical, medical, and legal support to people self-managing abortion. The article concludes with reflections on the role abortion pills might play in the post-Roe era amid increasingly divergent abortion access trends across different regions of the United States.
Recognizing the power of machine learning and other computational methods to accelerate progress in small molecule targeting of RNA
Authors: Bagnolini Greta , Luu TinTin B. , Hargrove Amanda E.
Published: January 2023

RNA structures regulate a wide range of processes in biology and disease, yet small molecule chemical probes or drugs that can modulate these functions are rare. Machine learning and other computational methods are well poised to fill gaps in knowledge and overcome the inherent challenges in RNA targeting, such as the dynamic nature of RNA and the difficulty of obtaining RNA high-resolution structures. Successful tools to date include principal component analysis, linear discriminate analysis, k-nearest neighbor, artificial neural networks, multiple linear regression, and many others. Employment of these tools has revealed critical factors for selective recognition in RNA:small molecule complexes, predictable differences in RNA- and protein-binding ligands, and quantitative structure activity relationships that allow the rational design of small molecules for a given RNA target. Herein we present our perspective on the value of using machine learning and other computation methods to advance RNA:small molecule targeting, including select examples and their validation as well as necessary and promising future directions that will be key to accelerate discoveries in this important field.
Emergency esophagectomy: Experience of a high volume esophageal cancer center
Authors: Ullah Faizan , Naeem Awais , Bakhtiar Nighat , Osama Shakeel  , UlHaq Ihtisham , Khattak Shahid , Aamir Ali Syed
Published: January 2023

Objective: The objective of the study was to review the experience of dealing oncological emergency esophagectomies at a dedicated Cancer hospital.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of data of eleven esophagectomies at the Department of Surgical Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Lahore (SKMCH&RC) Pakistan, from 1st January, 2009 to 30th June, 2019. Out of 590 oncological esophagectomies, eleven patients had emergency resection. We collected the data of demographics, primary disease, comorbidities, location of tumor and perforation, cause of perforations, radiological and endoscopic findings, clinical findings and follow-up visits after discharge. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 21 for windows.

Results: All 11 patients out of five hunded ninety had esophageal cancer. At the time of initial staging, eight (72%) had locally advanced stage (stage III and IV). Open transhiatal approach was used in six (55%) patients, and the rest had three stage esophagectomies. Primary reconstructions with gastric conduit were performed in all, except in two (18%) patients, Respiratory complications were the most common of the encountered complications, seven (63%) of the patients had palliative resection. Ninety day mortality was observed in 3(27.3%) patients. On long term follow up, six patients had recurrence, with median Disease-Free Survival (DFS) 5.88 months and Median Overall Survival (OS) was 6.37 months. Out of 11, only three patients are alive without disease, while one patient is lost during follow-up.

Conclusion: Emergency esophagectomy is a lifesaving procedure; there should be multidisciplinary team approach towards the management. Early diagnosis and management is of paramount importance.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6613

How to cite this: Ullah F, Naeem A, Bakhtiar N, Shakeel O, Ihtisham-Ul-Haq, Khattak S, et al. Emergency esophagectomy: Experience of a high volume esophageal cancer center. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6613

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of the effects of two extraction methods on the alveolar ridge preservation of Maxillary Anterior Teeth
Authors: Jiang Si , Zhou Biao , Li Zheng , Gao Juan , Wang Pei
Published: January 2023

Objective: To compare the effects of high-speed turbodrill root extraction and piezosurgery tooth socket enlargement on the alveolar ridge preservation of maxillary anterior teeth.

Methods: Thirty-six clinically eligible patients admitted to the No.2 Hospital of Baoding or the Baoding First Central Hospital from January 2018 to November 2019 were selected and randomly divided into two groups. Group-A were extracted by high-speed turbodrill root extraction, while Group-B were extracted by piezosurgery tooth socket enlargement. After extraction, GBR bone grafting and soft tissue transplantation were performed on the extraction sockets. The extraction time, integrity rate of labial bone plate of the extraction socket, pain-free rate, satisfaction rate, reduction of the height and width of the alveolar ridge, alveolar bone mineral density score, and new bone contour score of the alveolar bone of two groups were compared.

Results: Group-B was significantly superior to Group-A in terms of tooth extraction time, pain-free rate, satisfaction rate and reduction of alveolar ridge height at three sites on the palatal side, with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Piezosurgery tooth socket enlargement is more worthy of clinical application due to its advantages of less impact on the preservation of the palatal alveolar ridge height of the maxillary anterior teeth, shorter tooth extraction time, postoperative pain-free rate and high final satisfaction rate.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6643

How to cite this: Jiang S, Zhou B, Li Z, Gao J, Wang P. Comparison of the effects of two extraction methods on the alveolar ridge preservation of Maxillary Anterior Teeth. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6643

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparison of the efficacy of Sufentanil and Morphine Titration for patient-controlled Subcutaneous Analgesia in severe advanced cancer pain
Authors: Liu Dong , Li Wei , Chen Li
Published: January 2023

Objective: To compare the efficacy and side effects of sufentanil and morphine titration for patient-controlled subcutaneous analgesia (PCSA) in severe advanced cancer pain management.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed on the patients who were treated by two cancer centers with PCSA for severe advanced cancer pain at the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Baoding No.1 Hospital between 2018 and 2021. These patients were divided into a sufentanil group and a morphine group. The drug dosage of the two groups was recorded. The pain intensity, sleep quality and adverse event rate (AER) were compared and analyzed between the two groups.

Results: PCSA was successful in 95.2% (120/126) of the patients. In all cases, titration was successful within 24 hour, followed by oral administration of sustained-release opioid medications at 208.4 ±75.1 mg in the sufentanil group and at 207.9±66.3 mg in the morphine group. There was a significant difference in pain intensity and sleep quality before and after titration (P <0.05). Both groups exhibited a decline in their heart rates during titration. Compared with the baselines before titration, the mean heart rates were significantly reduced in both groups (P <0.05). The sufentanil group had an AER lower than that of the morphine group.

Conclusion: Short-term use of sufentanil supports PCSA for patients with severe advanced cancer pain can achieve effective and rapid pain management, it is worth clinical implementation and application.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6664

How to cite this: Liu D, Li W, Chen L. Comparison of the efficacy of Sufentanil and Morphine Titration for patient-controlled Subcutaneous Analgesia in severe advanced cancer pain. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6664

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Effects of body mass index on propofol-induced cardiovascular depression in the Pakistani population
Authors: Naeem Uzma , Waheed Akbar , Azeem Yasmeen , Awan Nazir
Published: January 2023

Objective: To determine the relationship between the patient’s Body Mass Index (BMI) and the cardiovascular effects produced by propofol at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg in the Pakistani population.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Holy Family Hospital Rawalpindi from August 2021 to January 2022. According to their BMI, one hundred twenty Pakistani individuals 18 to 60 years of age were equally divided into three groups. Group N (n = 40) with a BMI of 18 to 24.9, group OW (n=40) with a BMI of 25 to 29.5, and group O (n=40) with a BMI of 30 to 34.9 were randomized to receive propofol injections at a 1.5 mg/kg dose for induction of anesthesia. We measured mean blood pressure before the propofol and then at one, three, and ten minutes after the injection. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 22.

Results: Mean blood pressure decreases significantly in all groups, as shown by p-values of <0.001 for the first two readings. In group N, blood pressure returned to near normal within ten minutes (p-value 0.061), but in groups, OW and O, mean blood pressure was significantly lower even after ten minutes (p-values 0.005 and 0.001, respectively). Individual variations in propofol response were also observed.

Conclusion: In the Pakistani population, propofol at an induction dose of 1.5 mg/kg to patients with different body weights produces cardiovascular effects with marked standard deviations in each group, which indicate different individual responses.

Clinical Trial Number: NCT05383534 https://register.clinicaltrials.gov/

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6787

How to cite this: Naeem U, Waheed A, Azeem Y, Awan MN. Effects of body mass index on propofol-induced cardiovascular depression in the Pakistani population. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6787

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Correlation analysis of Blood TM, TG and D-dimer with deep venous Thrombosis formation in patients after Total Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Luo Hailin , Qiao Yong
Published: January 2023

Objective: To explore the correlation of blood thrombomodulin (TM), triglyceride (TG) and D-Dimer (D-D) with the formation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients after total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was carried out focusing on the clinical data of 150 patients with THA who were admitted to Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital from May 2019 to May 2022 (the study group). These patients were then subdivided into Group-A (46 cases with DVT) and Group-B (104 cases without DVT) according to whether DVT occurred after an operation. Meanwhile, another 70 patients who received physical examination in this hospital in the same period were selected as the control group. Furthermore, the levels of TM, TG, D-D, fibrinogen (Fb) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were compared between the groups. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the levels of TM, TG, D-D, Fb, CRP and the formation of DVT.

Results: The levels of TM, TG, D-D, Fb and CRP in the study group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). The above indicators in Group-A were higher than those in Group-B one day after the operation (p<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of TM, TG, D-D, Fb and CRP were significantly positively correlated with the formation of DVT.

Conclusion: Patients with DVT after THA show an increase in the levels of TM, TG, D-D, Fb and CRP, indicating their diagnostic value for the formation of DVT. Findings in our study suggest that clinical tests of these indicators can be carried out according to the actual situation of patients.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6989

How to cite this: Luo H, Qiao Y. Correlation analysis of Blood TM, TG and D-dimer with deep venous Thrombosis formation in patients after Total Hip Arthroplasty. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(2):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.2.6989

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Comparative analysis of health authorities’ spokespersons and health influencers during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Nurlaela Arief N. , Pratama Andika Putra , Amalia Hasta Barata Vinka , Lathifah Tirdasari Nyayu , Budiman Dicky
Published: January 2023

Background: Concerns over an infodemic following a surge in health misinformation circulating on social media set out the government's priority for Indonesia. Given the urgent work on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) response, the government collaborated with health-related spokespersons and influencers with a medical background by starting a COVID-19 public education campaign on social media. A collaborative initiative involved health spokespersons from government and non-government to clarify misinformation about COVID-19.

Methods: The primary purpose of this research is to compare government and non-government spokespersons by examining their roles in educating about COVID-19 vaccines and health services. This study employed comparative factor analysis and non-participatory observation toward the media activity of spokespersons in Indonesia. Using a questionnaire, this study examined the dimensions of public campaigns, risk communication, health and emergency, leadership and communication from Indonesian spokespersons. The data collection was conducted in two stages: a pilot study involving 102 respondents and the actual study involving 276 respondents.

Results: Findings show that utilizing spokespersons is important due to its capabilities of reaching diverse audiences and improving public engagement, trustworthiness, and credibility.

Conclusions: Combining health authorities’ spokespersons and health influencers in Indonesia, this study provides valuable insights for communication management in developing and supporting the role of health authorities from the government, non-government as well as medical sectors.
Ratzinger ante el conflicto entre ciencia y fe
Authors: Collado Santiago
Published: January 2023

Este trabajo aborda la contribución de Ratzinger al debate sobre la relación entre ciencia y fe. No la analizamos desde los esquemas usuales que clasifican dicha relación en modelos como el del conflicto, magisterios independientes, integración, etc. La posición de Ratzinger se encuadra mejor en un esquema que clasifica las diferentes actitudes adoptadas ante la tesis del conflicto. Proponemos una clasificación de dichas actitudes.

Mostramos cómo Ratzinger reconoce la existencia de un conflicto real en la relación entre ciencia y fe. Exponemos las raíces epistémicas que, según Ratzinger, dan lugar a dicho conflicto y denominamos su actitud ante el mismo de “armonización”. La tarea de armonización propuesta por Ratzinger es posible mantenerla sólo desde la fe. Se trata de una fe entendida de manera distinta al modo en que comparece en los modelos de relación antes mencionados y que usualmente se presentan como modelos alternativos. La propuesta de Ratzinger sirve para dar unidad a dichos modelos. No aborda el conflicto desde los presupuestos ilustrados, sino desvelando las claves epistémicas que determinan su naturaleza y que se descubren en un proceso histórico del que nuestro autor dibuja un cuadro global.

En Ratzinger el conflicto se entiende mejor como tensión insuperable que invita a acometer una tarea continuada de purificación. El sujeto de dicha purificación son las imágenes con las que se ha expresado la fe a lo largo de la historia y las cosmovisiones en las que dicha fe ha sido acogida, las que le han prestado esas imágenes.
Pomiędzy prawnym a realnym uznaniem. Polityka tożsamości łemkowskich aktywistów
Authors: Michna Ewa
Published: January 2023

Медже правным а реальным узнаньом. Політыка достоменности лемківскых актывістів В статі аналізувана єст політыка достоменности ведена през лемків- скых актывістів, якым трансформация політычной системы початку 90. років дозволила на неспутану експресию власной достоменности. Демократизация соспільного жытя творила слідуючы по собі етапы еманципациі Лемків, зачатой разом з процесами народового ріжни- цюваня східньой Славянщыны. Текст представлят головны вызваня, што стояли пред етнічныма діячами групы з квестіонуваным през ріжных соспільных акторів статусом. Вказує процесы еманципациі лемківской соспільности в діяхронній перспектыві, беручы до ува- гы зміны, якы принесла офіциялізация групы, враз з вписаньом єй до Уставы з дня 6 січня 2005 р. о національных і етнічных меншынах і реґіональным языку.
Minimum Wage Increases and Employer Performance: Role of Employer Heterogeneity
Authors: Agarwal Sumit , Ayyagari Meghana , Kosová Renáta
Published: January 2023

Despite a large minimum wage literature that analyzes employee outcomes, there is less evidence on firm performance, prices, and quality. Exploiting staggered changes in U.S. minimum wages during 2000–2008 and census data on more than 29,000 hotel properties, we find that doubling the minimum wage as currently debated would reduce average hotel revenues by 6% per year and their occupancy rates by 3.1%. Responses vary by employer quality and organizational form. Although luxury hotels pass through cost increases to their customers with no impact on their revenues, upscale hotels facing more price-sensitive customers reduce prices but still suffer losses in occupancy rates and revenues as they struggle with preserving the expected quality level. They are also most likely to see quality downgrades from their segment. The lower-end hotels also pass through cost increases to their customers but, unlike luxury hotels, face significant declines in occupancy rates and revenues. Overall, the performance effects of minimum wage increases are nonmonotonic across quality. We also find negative impacts on hotel entry rates, although the performance and entry effects appear to be short lived. Furthermore, the negative effects of minimum wages dominate in states without right-to-work regulation, suggesting the need for a more comprehensive approach to labor market regulation.

This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance.

Funding: M. Ayyagari received financial support from National Science Foundation Research (U.S) [Grant SES-1660755/1660749].

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4650 .
Believing in Analytics: Managers’ Adherence to Price Recommendations from a DSS
Authors: Caro Felipe , de Tejada Cuenca Anna Sáez
Published: January 2023

Problem definition: We study the adherence to the recommendations of a decision support system (DSS) for clearance markdowns at Zara, the Spanish fast fashion retailer. Our focus is on behavioral drivers of the decision to deviate from the recommendation, and the magnitude of the deviation when it occurs. Academic/practical relevance: A major obstacle in the implementation of prescriptive analytics is users’ lack of trust in the tool, which leads to status quo bias. Understanding the behavioral aspects of managers’ usage of these tools, as well as the specific biases that affect managers in revenue management contexts, is paramount for a successful rollout. Methodology: We use data collected by Zara during seven clearance sales campaigns to analyze the drivers of managers’ adherence to the DSS. Results: Adherence to the DSS’s recommendations was higher, and deviations were smaller, when the products were predicted to run out before the end of the campaign, consistent with the fact that inventory and sales were more salient to managers than revenue. When there was a higher number of prices to set, managers of Zara’s own stores were more likely to deviate from the DSS’s recommendations, whereas franchise managers did the opposite and showed a weak tendency to adhere more often instead. Two interventions aimed at shifting salience from inventory and sales to revenue helped increase adherence and overall revenue. Managerial implications: Our findings provide insights on how to increase voluntary adherence that can be used in any context in which a company wants an analytical tool to be adopted organically by its users. We also shed light on two common biases that can affect managers in a revenue management context, namely salience of inventory and sales, and cognitive workload.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1166 .
Contraception: assessing immediate contraceptive needs
Authors: Mulhern Stephanie , Power Jo
Published: January 2023

Unintended pregnancies are linked to multiple poor maternal and child outcomes. In Britain one in six pregnancies is unplanned ( Wellings et al, 2013 ). Each time a patient presents to hospital, there is an opportunity to address any unmet contraceptive needs, giving patients greater control over pregnancy planning. This article outlines the three options for emergency contraception and discusses simple options for starting an ongoing, regular method of contraception in hospital. The authors recommend signposting patients to online information sources, sexual health centres or their GP for further management.
Palliative care nursing during the COVID-19 pandemic: reflections from Melbourne, Australia
Authors: King Meredith A , Yoong Jaclyn
Published: January 2023

Background:

Nurses played a critical role in providing care for patients throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.

Aim:

This study aimed to explore perspectives of Australian palliative care nurses regarding the impact of COVID-19 on the provision of care for patients with advanced illness, or at the end of life.

Methods:

The authors conducted a survey of palliative care nurses in ward- and consultation-based roles at a metropolitan health service in Victoria, Australia.

Findings:

A total of 24 out of 39 nurses completed the survey. Responses included strong themes of fear of COVID-19 and sadness about separating dying patients from their families.

Conclusion:

Delivery of palliative care changed at an individual and service level. Importantly, there were strong themes of adapting to change and ‘soldiering on’ with the core business of palliative care.
Challenges for palliative care professionals in providing spiritual care to patients from religious or cultural minority groups: a scoping review of the literature
Authors: De Clercq Eva , Gamondi Claudia
Published: January 2023

In light of the increasing number of people living into advanced age and the intensification of migration flows, care provision to multi-cultural and religious patient populations has become an important concern for many palliative care professionals. The current scoping review aims to explore the main barriers to spiritual care provision for minority groups and identify some strategies to overcome such obstacles. The review draws some general recommendations for researchers, policymakers and clinicians. First, more empirical research on different patient groups is needed; studies should target not only nurses, but also other healthcare providers, to ensure that practice adequately reflects the multidisciplinary nature of palliative care. Secondly, training and education should be offered in various forms and at different levels, as well as go beyond factual knowledge about the beliefs and practices of various religions.
Root resorption: why we all need to get informed consent
Authors: Roshanray Fatemeh , Sandler Cara , Sandler PJ
Published: January 2023

Severe root resorption is a rare, but serious, complication of orthodontic treatment, which can affect the long-term prognosis of the teeth affected. This case presents a young, healthy patient with severe root resorption affecting nearly all of her dentition. It was an incidental finding by her GDP 8 months after completion of her orthodontic treatment. The article aims to raise awareness about the importance of obtaining a valid consent at the start of each orthodontic treatment, and highlight the possible risk factors associated with severe root resorption, diagnostic methods, and interventions to prevent or manage it when it occurs.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Although developing severe root resorption as a result of orthodontic treatment is relatively uncommon, the consequences are serious. This article highlights the importance of identifying high-risk orthodontic patients, where possible, and obtaining valid, informed consent prior to every course of orthodontic treatment.
Non-surgical management of a traumatic mid-palatal suture diastasis by novel use of an orthodontic appliance
Authors: Duggal Simone , Jenkins Fiona , Littlewood Simon , Siddique Ibraz
Published: January 2023

Sutures are formed during embryonic development at the sites of approximation of the membranous bones of the craniofacial skeleton. They afford major sites of bone expansion during postnatal craniofacial growth, and also influence facial fracture patterns through offering a path of least resistance to force. There are some studies that have shown that the mid-palatal suture (MPS) fuses at 11–13 years and 14–16 years in females and males, respectively. This means that during childhood, the suture is open; thus force applied to the palate at this time tends to split the bone in the midline between the two unfused palatal shelves. The understanding of this biological process allows orthodontists to correct transverse growth discrepancies of the maxilla. Various appliances, including the hyrax appliance, can be used to allow rapid maxillary expansion (RME) by expanding the suture. Paradoxically, the same appliance can be used to allow rapid maxillary contraction (RMC) by contracting the suture. This method of application using a hyrax appliance is rare. We present a case report where this method of application allowed closure of a traumatic mid-palatal suture diastasis, correction of a traumatic transverse discrepancy of the maxilla and avoided an invasive surgical intervention in a 15-year-old male.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article highlights the importance of considering a patient's age and anatomical development when exploring treatment options. It is prudent to take advantage of this to enhance the natural biological healing process.
Early removal of supernumeraries to close a midline diastema: a case report
Authors: Brooks Laura , Smorthit Kelly , Sandler Jonathan
Published: January 2023

A midline diastema is a part of normal dental development, which, in the mixed dentition, is termed the ‘ugly duckling’ stage. Supernumerary teeth, however, can also be a cause, with the most common type being a mesiodens. Supernumeraries can cause other complications including delayed or failure of eruption of a permanent tooth, displacement of crowns, crowding, root resorption and cyst formation. Treatment options for supernumeraries include immediate or delayed removal or active monitoring. This article advocates for early diagnosis and treatment to reduce the need for future complex treatment.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This case emphasizes the importance for clinicians to accurately and carefully diagnose the cause of a midline diastema and the presence of supernumerary teeth early in development. Prompt orthodontic referral can reduce the need for later complex surgical and orthodontic treatment.
Action Plan
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: January 2023

Helen McAllister, strategy and planning director at Network Rail, reveals how the organization, which has set ambitious world-leading science-based targets to limit global warming, is working with the entire rail sector to develop a clear traction decarbonization plan to electrify the network
Emissions of Greenhouse Gases and Ammonia From a Wheat Site Under Intensive Management Affected by Different Fertilization Practices
Authors: Zhou Zhongkai , Zhang Siyu , Jiang Na , Zhang Haifang , Wang Lili , Xiu Weiming , Zhao Jianning , Yang Dianlin
Published: January 2023

Highlights

The recommended mineral fertilizers plus organic fertilizer treatments increased the soil total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) levels.

The application of organic fertilizer markedly reduced the loss of NH3-N compared to the application of mineral nitrogen alone.

CO2 and N2O emissions from the application of organic fertilizer were higher than those from the application of mineral nitrogen under long-term fertilization.

Abstract. Greenhouse gas (GHG) and ammonia (NH3) emissions from wheat fields have been a serious challenge to agriculture and the environment. The integration of the use of inorganic N fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and crop residues and their environmental effects is needed under conventional tillage. In situ field experiments were established to evaluate the impact of different fertilization practices on soil greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions from a winter wheat field. A fertilizer experiment was performed from 24th October 2019 to 11th June 2020 in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) field in China with six fertilization treatments: (1) unfertilized control (UC); (2) recommended mineral fertilizer application of 200 kg ha-1 N (RF); (3) RF plus 15 t ha-1 of organic fertilizer (RFLO); (4) RF plus 30 t ha-1 of organic fertilizer (RFMO); (5) RF plus 45 t ha-1 of organic fertilizer (RFHO); and (6) traditional mineral fertilizer application of 300 kg ha-1 N (TF). The results showed that the RF plus organic fertilizer treatments increased the soil organic total carbon (TC) and nitrogen (TN) levels. Under long-term fertilization, the CO2 emissions from the RFLO, RFMO, and RFHO treatments were 18.3, 19.9, and 20.0 t ha-1, respectively, compared with those from the RF and TF treatments (13.2 and 16.0 t ha-1, respectively). In addition, the N2O emissions from the organic-inorganic fertilizer treatment were 7.6 kg ha-1 for the RFLO treatment, 12.4 kg ha-1 for the RFMO treatment, and 8.1 kg ha-1 for the RFHO treatment, which were higher than those from the RF and TF treatments (3.1 and 5.6 kg ha-1, respectively). The NH3 emissions from the RFLO, RFMO, and RFHO treatments (17.3, 26.2, and 22.4 kg ha-1, respectively) were lower than those from the RF (31.2 kg ha-1) and TF (49.7 kg ha-1) treatments under long-term fertilization. The methane emission potential of organic-inorganic fertilizer applications was 27.0% to 98.5% higher than a single application of inorganic fertilizer. Keywords: Ammonia, Carbon dioxide, Fertilization management, Nitrous oxide, Organic fertilizers, Winter wheat.
Design and Verification of Metal Foreign Body Detection Device for Harvester Based on Eddy Current Effect
Authors: Wang Jizhong , Liu Yangchun , Zhao Bo , Wang Fengzhu , Zhang Weipeng , Li Yang
Published: January 2023

Highlights

Prevent metal foreign bodies from scratching the intestines of animals and damaging the harvest cutter.

Highly integrated design of acquisition circuit.

Application of electromagnetic simulation to verify the feasibility of the principle of eddy current effect.

Establishment of Support Vector Machine Multi-Classification Algorithm Model.

Abstract. Aiming at the problem that the metal foreign bodies mingled in the silage cause damage to the gastrointestinal tract of animals and livestock, as well as irreversible damage to the rotary cutter of the harvester, a metal foreign body detection and sensing device for the harvester feeding drum composed of multiple single coils and signal acquisition units was designed to realize real-time detection and alarm of metal foreign bodies during harvesting. The sensor adopted a monolithic design with high integration of the signal acquisition circuit, which has a strong anti-interference ability. First, the electromagnetic simulation model was established. According to the simulation analysis of the eddy current effect, when the metal foreign object enters the alternating magnetic field, the energy will be lost, and the equivalent impedance of the coil will change accordingly. Then, the existence of the metal foreign body can be determined by detecting the equivalent impedance Rp of the coil. Next, we adopted a support vector machine multi-classification algorithm to train the detection device. In this process, different sizes of metal (copper, aluminum, and iron) were used, which can effectively improve the sensitivity and accuracy of metal foreign body detection. Finally, the sensor was installed on the test stand for multi-scene simulation experiments. The results show that the metal detection sensor can quickly identify the existence of metal by detecting the equivalent impedance Rp based on the eddy current effect; at the same time, the size of this sensor for metal foreign body detection is limited to 0.6 mm in diameter, 12 mm in length, and 100 mm in maximum detecting distance. Keywords: Eddy current effect, Equivalent impedance, Harvester, Metal foreign body, Support vector machine.
Título: Estrela Guia, 1995.
Authors: De Lucena Costa Isabel Maria
Published: January 2023

Desenho mandálico, com a tecnica de desenho o mão livre, utilizando lápis de cor aguarelado.
Transformação
Authors: De Lucena Costa Isabel Maria
Published: January 2023

Descrevendo poeticamente o que pode significar uma transformação.
Festa de Senhor dos Passos
Authors: Silva Antônio Carlos
Published: January 2023

Obra realizada em 03 de Fevereiro de 2019.
Fazenda de Miliano
Authors: Gomes Dijaime Sena
Published: January 2023

Técnica: Óleo sobre a telaDimensões: 24 cm x 35 cm
A Flor
Authors: De Lucena Costa Isabel Maria
Published: January 2023

Desenho submetido à Revista Pai Inácio de Literatura e Arte.
Lavadeiras do Serrano
Authors: De Britto Rogério Grillo
Published: January 2023

Instantâneo de lavadeiras do Parque da Muritiba em Lençois. As lavadeiras são uma tradição na cidade.
Os dois Brasis
Authors: Oliveira Ana Silva
Published: January 2023

Poesia a ser submetida para a Revista Pai Inácio de Literatura e Arte.
A grande estrela é o Sol
Authors: De Lucena Costa Isabel Maria
Published: January 2023

Desenho submetido à Revista Pai Inácio de Literatura e Arte.
Meio Dia Sagrado
Authors: Remanso Maya
Published: January 2023

Título: Meio Dia SagradoDimensão: 23cm x 30.5cmTécnica: tinta óleo no quadro.Descrição: Um exemplo da vida cotidiano das moradores.
Orai
Authors: Dejan Uilami
Published: January 2023

Trabalho submetido à Revista Pai Inácio de Literatura e Arte
The Effect of Low Dose Dexamethasone on the Reduction of Hypoxaemia and Fat Embolism Syndrome After Long Bone Fractures
Authors:   Department Of Orthopaedics, Karnataka Institute Of Medical Sciences, Hubli, India, K Akash , R Madhuchandra
Published: January 2023

Background: A dangerous and sometimes fatal consequence of post-traumatic long bone fractures is fat embolism syndrome (FES). The reported incidence of FES ranges from 2% to 22%. FES can also lead to critical illness with fatality rates between 10 to 36%. This study's objective was to determine whether prophylaxis of the fat emboli syndrome could be achieved with lower doses of dexamethasone than had previously been recommended. Thus, prevention of respiratory insufficiency and disruption of homeostasis are essential. Methods: A total of 583 adult cases of long bone shaft fracture patients between January 2020 to December 2021 were randomly divided into a trial group (n= 252) and a control group (n=331) by simple randomization. The trial group received dexamethasone 8mg/day for 3 days and the control group was given placebo. FES was diagnosed using Gurd’s diagnostic criteria and the FES morbidity and death rates in each group were examined. Results: Five patients (0.151%) in the control group and 1 patient (0.39%) in the trial group developed FES but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). SpO2 values were significantly elevated in the dexamethasone-treated group compared to the control group 24 hours after admission (p<0.05) and the elevation persisted on the third post admission day (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dexamethasone in low doses reduces post-traumatic hypoxia in patients with long bone fracture. However, our study was underpowered to show a reduction in FES.
Policy analysis in local government: objects, perspectives, and actors
Authors: Pano Esther , Medir Lluís , Magre Jaume
Published: January 2023

Local government in Spain is highly fragmented and this implies certain difficulties both for policy analysis and for studying the performance of these entities. Studies of policy analysis at the local level in Spain emerged in the mid-eighties and local governments were particularly active with significant differences across policy areas and typologies of entities. In some cases, such as policies regarding citizen participation, policy design and implementation resulted from an open dialogue between local governments and academia. This chapter aims to explore policy analysis in local government and examine the relationship between academic studies and institutionalised policy analysis processes in local governments. To achieve this objective, we first explore the structure and different layers of Spanish local government. Then we focus on specific areas; firstly, on basic mandatory tasks in the fourth section, and non-compulsory policies in the fifth section. Large cities and urban policies such as major policy analysis actors are the focus in the sixth section, and finally we also suggest a reflection on the relationships between the analysts and the objects of analysis. The chapter aims to offer a general overview of policy analysis including different policy areas, types of local government and entities.
Think tanks and policy analysis
Authors: Bacaria Jordi
Published: January 2023

The chapter studies the outstanding think tanks in Spain. They are classified taking indicators such as those think tanks that appear in international rankings. We use the literature on think tanks to identify them. In this chapter are not included political party think tanks, university research centres, and pressure groups. The purpose is to find the think tanks' capacity to formulate policy analysis and their connections with the central government and economic groups. Financial sources and their financial transparency are relevant. Think tanks do not have a long tradition in Spain, although from the end of the 20th century they are increasing. Therefore, competition between them is higher and the result ​is they improve the quality of policy analysis produced. Consequently, their capacity for both direct and indirect to influence public policies
Making Sense Of Schools’ Engagement In Multi-Agency Working In The Changed Educational Landscape
Authors: Baginsky Mary , Driscoll Jenny , Purcell Carl , Manthorpe Jill , Hickman Ben
Published: January 2023

Despite the fact that the concept of ‘multi-agency working’ has underpinned developments in this area for at least 60 years, there is scant evidence for its effectiveness and even less for what works in engaging agencies at an operational level. The chapter examines the structures, arrangements and policies that are in place at national and local levels to support schools in fulfilling their responsibilities to safeguard and protect children, as well as the key factors that influence the role of schools in working with other agencies over safeguarding and child protection. These factors include the policies that have been developed in children’s social care and education since the start of this century as well as the impact of austerity and growing societal inequalities that became ever more evident during the study. The chapter then outlines the main stages of the research project, describing the range and experience of individuals, groups and agencies that contributed to the study and concludes by preparing the reader for the chapters that follow.
A historical perspective: the evolving role of schools in child protection and safeguarding
Authors: Baginsky Mary , Driscoll Jenny , Purcell Carl , Manthorpe Jill , Hickman Ben
Published: January 2023

This chapter examines the historical context in which schools have supported the welfare of children over the past 150 years. It examines the historical context to explore both the ways in which schools have supported the welfare of children and the development of policies designed to protect children’s welfare – from the Children Act 1889 through to the Children and Social Work Act 2017. It explains the structures that were established to support schools’ involvement in this activity, including the role of school-based Designated Leads for Safeguarding (DSLs), training and guidance, but also the consequences of the diminishing role of local authorities and the increasing autonomy of schools. The chapter concludes with an education historian’s reflection on the impact of a kaleidoscope of influences on the evolution of the school’s role in this area.
Beneath the threshold: ‘early help’ and schools’ support for children and families
Authors: Baginsky Mary , Driscoll Jenny , Purcell Carl , Manthorpe Jill , Hickman Ben
Published: January 2023

This chapter discusses the experiences of schools in relation to children and families who do not meet the threshold for children’s social care services but who may need ‘early help’ or other forms of lower-level support. First, the reconfiguration of early help arrangements at the local level in the context of austerity is discussed. Second, the implications of the lead professional role for staff in schools are then considered, focusing on the additional pressure this can place on schools but also the potential value that this can bring in terms of multi-agency working. The third and final section considers the additional support that schools provide to children and families using their own resources and outside of formal multi-agency early help arrangements. This includes a focus on family support to address a range of difficulties associated with poverty and what schools are doing to address concerns relating to mental health.
Public Service Motivation?
Authors: O'Leary Chris
Published: January 2023

That people are motivated to work for the public interest, for the good of others, for the betterment of society, is a long-standing and appealing idea. Those who answer the call put aside their own interests, motivated by a higher order commitment and a sense of public service and public duty, to further the public interest. Formalised as public service motivation, this has become the near-hegemonic explanation in public administration scholarship, with an impressive body of empirical work to back up this claim.
But should we really be surprised that, when asked, public employees do indeed claim to be motivated by the public interest? Afterall, the public interest is the dominant language of public institutions, politicians, the courts and civil servants. This book critically examines public service motivation theory (PSMT) and the empirical evidence around it. Core to this assessment is the concept of the public interest, and specifically the lack of any detailed consideration in PSMT into how public employees understand the public interest, and know that they have contributed to the public interest. Rather than being motivated to further the public interest, this book proposes that some individuals are expressively motivated by what working in government says about them, their values and their identities, and because they enjoy the type of work they do. As such, they are expressively rational; a concept that has been around for over 50 years, but for the first time in this book is used to explain the behaviours of public employees.
The effect of the work ethic
Authors: Whelan Joe
Published: January 2023

This chapter focuses on the effects of the work ethic. The work ethic is conceptualised as an objective social force that can be deeply felt by people who are seen to contravene or be at odds with the normative ideal of work as a marker of social value and self-worth. Through the presentation of empirical materials, the chapter illustrates how ideas about work and idleness are often first introduced in close familial settings. It also shows how people in wider social circles encounter ideas about work, social value and self-worth, and how ideas about work and the work ethic are threaded through the Irish welfare system and encountered by welfare recipients at all stages and across payment types.
Maintaining compliance and engaging in impression management
Authors: Whelan Joe
Published: January 2023

This chapter shows how welfare recipients manage the part of their identity associated with welfare in both everyday and formal administrative contexts. In everyday contexts it is shown how this is a complex process, with different welfare recipients employing different strategies that range from openness about a reliance on welfare to a tendency to keep it hidden. The importance of context is demonstrated in the way that welfare recipients are shown to be careful about revealing the part of their identity associated with welfare receipt. This chapter also shows how welfare recipients manage impressions and information when engaging with welfare administrators, demonstrating a tendency for welfare recipients to engage in both disguised compliance and partial non-compliance in order to ‘keep a hold’ of ostensibly scarce resources.
Conceptualizing Defence Cooperation
Authors: Nemeth Bence
Published: January 2023

First, this chapter introduces the three case studies. They are the Lancaster House Treaties, which was established by France and Britain in 2010, the Nordic Defence Cooperation (NORDEFCO), which was launched in 2009 by the Nordic countries, and the Central European Defence Cooperation (CEDC), which was created by six Central European countries in 2011. Second, the chapter explains the research on which the theoretical framework of this book was developed. In this regard, three rival explanations were tested using the method of pattern-matching, which means that the author generated predicted patterns regarding the studied phenomena and compared them to empirically based patterns.