bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preventing future crime in adolescent drug offenders: A study of differential sanction effects on recidivism
Authors: Sandøy Thomas Anton , Østhus Ståle , Bretteville-Jensen Anne Line
Published: January 2022

This study examines and compares the effects on recidivism of the three most common legal responses to minor drug offences for adolescents in Norway. The essential question is whether alternative sanctions are more effective in preventing any reoffending in young people than the traditional fine. Using a longitudinal register data set, comprising all 15- to 17-year-old, first-time drug offenders in the 2000–2015 period (N = 3276), we investigate differences in duration between first legal decision and second arrest and the number of offences during follow-up. Our findings suggest that rehabilitative measures, in the form of a conditional waiver of prosecution with specified conditions, were more effective in preventing recidivism in adolescent drug offenders than a fine. Given the design of this sanction, which includes follow-up by social services and monitoring of drug use by health services, deferrals in recidivism may be caused by both positive rehabilitation experiences and negative punishment experiences.
Meeting the Needs of Vulnerable Primary Care Patients Without COVID-19 Infections During the Pandemic: Observations From a Community Health Worker Lens
Authors: Carter Jocelyn , Hassan Susan , Walton Anne
Published: January 2022

Background:

During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare systems were forced to focus their efforts on the rapidly rising numbers of patients contracting COVID-19. Although a myriad of publications focused on COVID-19 care have rapidly emerged, few have studied the impact of the pandemic on care received by patients without COVID-19.

Objectives:

To identify the experiences of Medicaid patients without COVID-19 related illness during the pandemic through the lens of community health worker outreach.

Methods:

From July 15, 2020 through February 1, 2021 patients previously enrolled in the C-CAT initiative were contacted by telephone for patient check-ins by CHW staff.

Results:

A total of 24 patients were contacted telephonically. Six patients had no active needs. Of the remaining patients, 70% of participants indicated that they had been unable to communicate with PCP or physician specialist care teams since the beginning of the pandemic and requested assistance from our CHW. Resulting unmet needs included the inability to obtain prescriptions drugs, necessary medical equipment, or supplies.

Conclusion:

The shift to COVID-19 focused care during the pandemic limited access to primary care for patients without COVID-19. The identified unmet patient needs included obtaining prescription medications, acute on chronic clinical condition management, healthcare services at home, and connection to social services. CHWs are uniquely positioned to assist patients as they connect to necessary clinical care, whether it be virtual or in-person, as they recover from the pandemic experience.
A Systematic Review of Charcot Neuroarthropathy Misdiagnosis
Authors: Safavi Kiya Shazadeh , Torian Joseph S. , Jimoh Raliat O. , Jupiter Daniel
Published: January 2022

Category:

Diabetes; Other

Introduction/Purpose:

Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is a disabling condition of the foot and ankle with a prevalence of up to 13% of patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). In the acute phase, CN presents as a hot, swollen foot, with mild destruction of bone and joint structure. If left untreated it can progress to a chronic stage, with bone and joint destruction, presenting with a classic rocker bottom foot deformity. CN is often misdiagnosed in its acute phase; as a result the diagnosis is usually made once CN has progressed to the chronic phase. This delay causes prolonged treatment regimens and poorer outcomes. This systematic review examines the misdiagnosis of CN and the timeline preceding a correct diagnosis.

Methods:

A review of the literature was performed by searching Ovid Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus for articles published within the last five years that contained the terms Charcot and misdiagnosed, antibiotics, deep vein thrombosis, or osteomyelitis. The database search produced 110 articles, once duplicates were removed. 49 articles were screened out by title and 18 were screened by abstract; leaving 43 eligible articles. During the review of the 43 articles an additional 41 articles were added from references because they provided relevant information. Time of symptom onset to diagnosis was calculated in days, with 30 days counting as one month.

Results:

In total, 230 patients were included in analysis; of these, 27 (12%) presented with bilateral CN for a total of 257 affected extremities. Type 1 DM was present in 112/210 (53%) of patients, Type 2 DM in 98/210 (47%) of patients, and an unreported DM status in 20/230 (9%) patients. The average time from symptom onset to final diagnosis of CN was 84.8 days, with a range of 25 days to 203 days. Nearly half (110/230; 48%) of the patients experienced CN misdiagnosis. Of these, 99 specific misdiagnoses were reported, with the most common including cellulitis (22/99; 22%), fracture/sprain (18/99; 18%), deep vein thrombosis (13/99; 13%), osteomyelitis (11/99; 11%), and erysipelas and gout (10/99; 10%) each. A total of 42/146 (29%) of patients could recall an incidence of trauma prior to the onset of CN.

Conclusion:

A diagnosis of CN should be considered in patients with DM who present with peripheral neuropathy coupled with foot swelling, deformity, ulceration, or difficulty ambulating. This literature review has identified that nearly half of patients with CN are misdiagnosed, and many continue to ambulate and do not receive necessary total contact casting until they are correctly diagnosed later on. Subsequently, awareness of CN and the frequency of misdiagnoses associated with it is critical to preventing treatment delay. Further research is necessary to better clarify why CN is so frequently misdiagnosed and the amount of harm that can result from misdiagnoses.
Quantitative safety evaluation of ancient Chinese timber arch lounge bridges
Authors: Han Yidan , Chun Qing , Wang Haoyu
Published: January 2022

The timber arch lounge bridge is a special type of Chinese architectural heritage that is widely distributed in the southern Zhejiang Province and the northern Fujian Province. The precondition of planning the preventive conservation of built cultural heritage is the reliable evaluation of the structure safety, which enables the planners or decision-makers to comprehensively understand the complex damaged situation of the bridge and figure out a grading system for the bridge safety state. This paper puts forward a universal safety evaluation method for ancient Chinese timber arch lounge bridges. Special stress is given to the weight assignments during the procedure. Moreover, following the proposed evaluation method a case study of Wenxing Bridge is conducted, which could give a better insight into the evaluating process. This study contributes to a step forward, from the qualitative cognition to the quantitative assessment, on the way of evaluating the structure safety condition of ancient Chinese timber arch lounge bridges.
Biomechanical analysis of force distribution in one-handed and two-handed child chest compression- a randomized crossover observational study
Authors: Tsou Jui-Yi , Kao Chia-Lung , Tu Yi-Fang , Hong Ming-Yuan , Su Fong-Chin , Chi Chih-Hsien
Published: January 2022

Background

Even force distribution would generate efficient external chest compression (ECC). Little research has been done to compare force distribution between one-hand (OH) and two-handed (TH) during child ECC. Therefore, this study was to investigate force distribution, rescuer perceived fatigue and discomfort/pain when applying OH and TH ECC in children.

Methods

Crossover manikin study. Thirty-five emergency department registered nurses performed lone rescuer ECC using TH and OH techniques, each for 2 min at a rate of at least 100 compressions/min. A Resusci Junior Basic manikin equipped with a MatScan pressure measurement system was used to collect data. The perceived exertion scale (modified Borg scale) and numerical rating scale (NRS) was applied to evaluate the fatigue and physical pain of delivering chest compressions.

Results

The maximum compression force (kg) delivered was 56.58 ± 13.67 for TH and 45.12 ± 7.90 for OH ECC (p <  0.001). The maximum-minimum force difference force delivered by TH and OH ECC was 52.24 ± 13.43 and 41.36 ± 7.57, respectively (p <  0.001). The mean caudal force delivered by TH and OH ECC was 29.45 ± 16.70 and 34.03 ± 12.01, respectively (p = 0.198). The mean cranial force delivered by TH and OH ECC was 27.13 ± 11.30 and 11.09 ± 9.72, respectively (p <  0.001). The caudal–cranial pressure difference delivered by TH and OH ECC was 19.14 ± 15.96 and 26.94 ± 14.48, respectively (p = 0.016). The perceived exertion and NRS for OH ECC was higher than that of the TH method (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusions

The TH method produced greater compression force, had more efficient compression, and delivered a more even force distribution, and produced less fatigue and physical pain in the rescuer than the OH method.

Trial registration

The Cheng Kung University Institutional Review Board A-ER-103-387. http://nckuhirb.med.ncku.edu.tw/sitemap.php
Feasibility study for interactive reporting of network meta-analysis: experiences from the development of the MetaInsight COVID-19 app for stakeholder exploration, re-analysis and sensitivity analysis from living systematic reviews
Authors: Xin Yiqiao , Nevill Clareece R. , Nevill Janion , Gray Ewan , Cooper Nicola J. , Bradbury Naomi , Sutton Alex J.
Published: January 2022

Background

Network meta-analysis (NMA) has been increasingly adopted worldwide by Cochrane reviews, guideline developers and decision-making bodies to identify optimal treatment choices. However, NMA results are often produced statically, not allowing stakeholders to ‘dig deeper’ and interrogate with their own judgement. Additionally, amid the COVID-19 pandemic, unnecessary or duplicated reviews have been proposed which analyse from the same pool of evidence. We developed the ‘MetaInsight COVID-19’ app as a prototype for an interactive platform to eliminate such duplicated efforts, by empowering users to freely analyse the data and improve scientific transparency.

Methods

MetaInsight COVID-19 (https://crsu.shinyapps.io/metainsightcovid/) was developed to conduct NMA with the evolving evidence on treatments for COVID-19. It was updated weekly between 19th May – 19th Oct 2020, incorporating new evidence identified from a living systematic review.

Results

The app includes embedded functions to facilitate study selection based on study characteristics, and displays the synthesised results in real time. It allows both frequentist and Bayesian NMA to be conducted as well as consistency and heterogeneity assessments. A demonstration of the app is provided and experiences of building such a platform are discussed.

Conclusions

MetaInsight COVID-19 allows users to take control of the evidence synthesis using the analytic approach they deem appropriate to ascertain how robust findings are to alternative analysis strategies and study inclusion criteria. It is hoped that this app will help avoid many of the duplicated efforts when reviewing and synthesising the COVID-19 evidence, and, in addition, establish the desirability of an open platform format such as this for interactive data interrogation, visualisation, and reporting for any traditional or ‘living’ NMA.
Trends in antenatal care visits and associated factors in Ghana from 2006 to 2018
Authors: Duodu Precious Adade , Bayuo Jonathan , Mensah Josephine Aboagye , Aduse-Poku Livingstone , Arthur-Holmes Francis , Dzomeku Veronica Millicent , Dey Nutifafa Eugene Yaw , Agbadi Pascal , Nutor Jerry John
Published: January 2022

Introduction

Given that maternal mortality is a major global health concern, multiple measures including antenatal care visits have been promoted by the global community. However, most pregnant women in Ghana and other sub-Saharan African countries do not attain the recommended timelines, in addition to a slower progress towards meeting the required minimum of eight visits stipulated by the World Health Organization. Therefore, this study explored the trends in antenatal care visits and the associated factors in Ghana from 2006 to 2018 using the Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.

Methods

The study used women datasets (N = 7795) aged 15 to 49 years from three waves (2006, 2011, and 2017-2018) of the Ghana Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (GMICS). STATA version 14 was used for data analyses. Univariable analyses, bivariable analyses with chi-square test of independence, and multivariable analyses with robust multinomial logistic regression models were fitted.

Results

The study found a consistent increase in the proportion of women having adequate and optimal antenatal attendance from 2006 to 2018 across the women’s sociodemographic segments. For instance, the proportion of mothers achieving adequate antenatal care (4 to 7 antenatal care visits) increased from 49.3% in 2006 to 49.98% in 2011 to 58.61% in 2017-2018. In the multivariable model, women with upward attainment of formal education, health insurance coverage, increasing household wealth, and residing in the Upper East Region were consistently associated with a higher likelihood of adequate and/or optimal antenatal care attendance from 2006 to 2018.

Conclusion

Women who are less likely to achieve optimal antenatal care visits should be targeted by policies towards reducing maternal mortalities and other birth complications. Poverty-reduction policies, promoting maternal and girl-child education, improving general livelihood in rural settings, expanding health insurance coverage and infrastructural access, harnessing community-level structures, and innovative measures such as telehealth and telemedicine are required to increase antenatal care utilization.
Robotic- and orthosensor-assisted versus manual (ROAM) total knee replacement: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Bardgett Michelle , Galloway Steven , Baron Y. Jenny , Smith Karen , Weir David J. , Deehan David J.
Published: January 2022

Background

Robotic-arm-assisted knee arthroplasty allows for more accurate component positioning and alignment and is associated with better patient-reported outcomes compared to manually performed jig-based knee arthroplasty. However, what is not known is whether the addition of an intra-articular sensor (VerasenseTM) to aid intraoperative balancing of the total knee replacement (TKR) offers improved functional outcomes for the patient. The purpose of this research is to compare the outcomes of patients undergoing a conventional manual knee replacement to those undergoing TKR using robotic-assisted surgery and the VerasenseTM to optimise alignment and balance the knee joint, respectively, and assess the associated cost economics of such technology.

Methods and analysis

This randomised controlled trial will include 90 patients with end-stage osteoarthritis of the knee undergoing primary TKR. Patients meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria that consent to be in the study will be randomised at a ratio of 1:1 to either manual TKR (standard of care) or robotic-arm-assisted TKR with VerasenseTM to aid balancing of the knee. The primary objective will be functional improvement at 6 months following surgery between the two groups. The secondary objectives are to compare changes in knee-specific function, joint awareness, patient expectation and fulfilment, satisfaction, pain, stiffness and functional ability, health-related quality of life, cost-effectiveness, and gait patterns between the two groups. Ethical approval was obtained by the Tyne & Wear South Research Ethics Committee, UK. The study is sponsored by the Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.

Discussion

This study will assess whether the improved accuracy of component positioning using the robotic-arm-assisted surgery and the VerasenseTM to aid balancing of the TKR offers improved outcome relative to standard manual jig-based systems that are currently the standard of care. This will be assessed primarily according to knee-specific function, but several other measures will also be assessed including whether these are cost-effective interventions.

Trial registration

International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN47889316 10.1186/ISRCTN47889316. Registered on 25 November 2019

Date and version for protocol

ROAM Protocol V1.0 (13-12-2018)
Factors Influencing Long-Term Blood Flow in Extracranial-to-Intracranial Bypass for Symptomatic Internal Carotid Artery Occlusive Disease: A Quantitative Study
Authors: Murai Yasuo , Sekine Tetsuro , Ishisaka Eitaro , Tsukiyama Atsushi , Kubota Asami , Matano Fumihiro , Ando Takahiro , Nakae Ryuta , Morita Akio
Published: January 2022

BACKGROUND:

Maintaining the patency of extracranial-to-intracranial (EC-IC) bypass is critical for long-term stroke prevention. However, reports on the factors influencing long-term bypass patency and quantitative assessments of bypass patency are limited.

OBJECTIVE:

To quantitatively evaluate blood flow in EC-IC bypass using four-dimensional (4D) flow magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and investigate factors influencing the long-term patency of EC-IC bypass.

METHODS:

Thirty-six adult Japanese patients who underwent EC-IC bypass for symptomatic internal carotid or middle cerebral artery occlusive disease were included. We examined the relationships between decreased superficial temporal artery (STA) blood flow volume and perioperative complications, long-term ischemic complications, patient background, and postoperative antithrombotic medications in patients for whom STA flow could be quantitatively assessed for at least 5 months using 4D flow MRI.

RESULTS:

The mean follow-up time was 54.7 ± 6.1 months. One patient presented with a stroke during the acute postoperative period that affected postoperative outcomes. No recurrent strokes were recorded during long-term follow-up. Two patients died of malignant disease. Seven cases of reduced flow occurred in the STA, which were correlated with single bypass (P = .0294) and nonuse of cilostazol (P = .0294). STA occlusion was observed in 1 patient during the follow-up period. Hypertension, age, smoking, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus were not correlated with reduced blood flow in the STA.

CONCLUSION:

Double anastomoses and cilostazol resulted in long-term STA blood flow preservation. No recurrence of cerebral infarction was noted in either STA hypoperfusion or occlusion cases.
The Division of the Seas in International and Islamic Law and the Concept of Ḥarīm al-Baḥr: A Comparative Fiqh Study
Authors: Bouzenita Anke Iman
Published: January 2022

This original research paper investigates how the division of the seas between international (the high seas) and territorial waters is approached in Islamic law as compared to international law. It describes the conceptualization of the seas against the background of contemporary international and Islamic law and analyses the Islamic legal concept of the appurtenance of the sea, ḥarīm al-baḥr, as a suitable vehicle to accommodate the modern division. The paper draws on source material from different Islamic schools, with a focus on the Ibāḍī school, which historically has paid relatively more attention to the seas. It suggests legal mechanisms that may be activated with regard to notions of territorial and international waters in Islamic law. The study arrives at the conclusion that some modern representations of ḥarīm al-baḥr are not commensurable with its intended legislative purpose (ʿillah).
Relationships between the neuro-endocrine parameters and virtual chakras energy and asymmetry
Authors: Babelyuk Valeriy , Tserkovniuk Ruslan , Dubkova Galyna , Kruhliy Yuriy , Korolyshyn Tetyana , Babelyuk Nazariy , Zukow Walery , Ruzhylo Sofiya , Fihura Oksana , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Popovych Igor
Published: January 2022

Background. Earlier, we found a close correlation between EEG and gas-discharge image (GDI) parameters. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship of EEG parameters with the energy and asymmetry of virtual chakras, reconstructed on the basis of GDI parameters. Material and Methods. We observed twice 31 women and 29 men aged 26-76 years with dysfunction of neuroendocrine-immune complex. In the morning in basal conditions at first registered GDI by the method of GDV by the device “GDV Chamber” (“Biotechprogress”, SPb, RF). Than we registered EEG. Results processed by method of canonical analysis, using the software package “Statistica 64”. Results. The coefficients of canonical correlation between the EEG parameters and virtual Chakras Energy are in the interval 0,415÷0,564 and 0,358÷0,528 when registering without a filter and with a filter, respectively. Additional inclusion of HRV and endocrine parameters increases the strength of the canonical correlation to 0,768 and 0,772, respectively. The coefficients of canonical correlation between the EEG parameters and individual virtual Chakras Asymmetry are in the interval 0,284÷0,634 and 0,152÷0,458 when registering without a filter and with a filter, respectively. Integral coefficient of the canonical correlation is 0,820. Conclusion. The above data, taken together with the previous ones, state that between parameters of neuroendocrine-immune complex and GDV exist strong canonical correlation suggesting suitability of the latter method.
Resistencia y desigualdad. Cine documental etnográfico en Colombia
Authors: Calvo de Castro Pablo
Published: January 2022

El presente texto analiza la relación entre el mundo indígena, la cinematografía documental y el audiovisual como artefactos de representación en Colombia. Mediante una selección y revisión historiográfica de películas documentales que visibiliza títulos representativos de cada periodo, se analizó la intrincada relación entre la antropología visual, la identidad indígena y sus estrategias comunicativas, la evolución de los procesos de representación y la intensa vinculación de todos estos factores con el cine documental de corte etnográfico. Todo en un contexto histórico y social complejo, afectado por numerosos factores. Esta evolución contribuye a explicar las características actuales del cine documental de corte etnográfico en Colombia, conectado con el documental de autor en un momento en el que el discurso reflexivo se ha instalado en el formato documental. Hay que resaltar el papel que ha desempeñado el cine documental como formato por excelencia para la representación de las poblaciones indígenas. La evolución general de la cinematografía documental colombiana y latinoamericana, así como las transformaciones que han sufrido los enfoques teóricos en la antropología visual frente al objeto de estudio, han influido en la configuración de un tipo de cine que hoy enfrenta grandes retos en cuanto a las formas de representación.
Antioxidant, antibacterial activity and FICI (Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index) of ethanolic extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves with amoxicillin against pathogenic bacteria
Authors: APRIDAMAYANTI PRATIWI , Sari Rafika , Rachmaningtyas Anita , Aranthi Vella
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Apridamayanti P, Sari R, Rachmaningtyas A, Aranthi V. 2021. Antioxidant, antibacterial activity and FICI (Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index) of ethanolic extract of Melastoma malabathricum leaves with amoxicillin against pathogenic bacteria. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 140-147. Cengkodok plants (Melastoma malabathricum L.) from the Melastomataceae tribe have properties as a fever reliever (antipyretic), pain reliever (analgesic), relieve swelling, and treat burns or bleeding wounds. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity, total phenol content, total flavonoids and, MIC value of ethanol extract of M. malabathricum leaves against Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The method used in this study was the antioxidant activity was carried out using DPPH test, the total phenol-flavonoid content by using gallic-quercetin acid comparison and measurement with Spectrophotometry UV/Vis. Antibacterial activity was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Antioxidant activity in this study showed is IC50 value = 5.28µg/mL. Chemical constituents total phenols are 36.645 ± 5.14%, and total flavonoids is 4.163 ± 0.2%. Antibacterial activity MIC values ??obtained at a concentration of 6.25 mg/mL against B. cereus with a diameter of 8.28 mm ± 0.225, against B. subtilis with a diameter of 8.53 mm ± 0.275, against S. aureus with a diameter of 7.23 mm ± 0.275, against S. epidermidis with a diameter of 6.18 mm ± 0.104; MIC values ??obtained at a concentration of 1.56 mg/mL in E. coli with a diameter of inhibition zone 6.77 ± 0.72 mm, P. mirabilis with a diameter of inhibition zone 6.32 ± 0.19 mm, and P. aeruginosa with a diameter of inhibition zone 6.40 ± 0.26 mm. The characteristic of the combination of c leaf ethanol extract, and Amoxicillin towards S. epidermidis and B. subtilis with FICI value is one categories additive; P. aeruginosa with FICI value is two categories indifferent; E. coli, B. cereus, S. aureus, and P. mirabilis with FICI value is 0.5 categories synergistic.
Species diversity, biological spectrum and phenological behavior of vegetation of a Muslim sacred grove in Southwest Bengal, India
Authors: Uday Dr. Uday Kumar Sen , BHAKAT RAM KUMAR
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Sen UK, Bhakat RK. 2021. Species diversity, biological spectrum and phenological behavior of vegetation of a Muslim sacred grove in Southwest Bengal, India. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 219-231. Sacred groves are an age-old and worldwide phenomenon. Sacred groves are an age-old and worldwide phenomenon. They are traditionally made up of forest or surrounding forest zones that local people safeguard them based on their spiritual relationship with the deities or ancestral spirits believed to reside in them. Social practices play a crucial role in the conservation role of the environment and biodiversity. This research aimed to examine the current flora of a sacred grove's plant resources, biological spectrum, leaf size spectra, conservation status, and management of the Faringdanga Pir Babar Asthana in the Paschim Medinipur District of West Bengal in India. The floristic element of the study area revealed that the vegetation was diverse and composed of 162 species belonging to 148 genera over 51 families under 26 orders according to Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (APG) IV classification. Because the study area is a sacred grove, it is relatively undisturbed, and traditional beliefs ensure that germplasm in the grove is protected. The current study could serve as a model for phytoclimatic research in India's sacred forests.
Orchids of Mount Ungaran (Indonesia) compiled from a decade of data collections between 2010 and 2021
Authors: KURNIAWAN FIRMAN HERU , NAZAR LUTFIAN , ANJARWATI RINI , SASONO HERBOWO DWI , RAHAYUNINGSIH MARGARETA
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Kurniawan FH, Nazar L, Anjarwati R, Sasono HD, Rahayuningsih M. 2021. Orchids of Mount Ungaran (Indonesia) compiled from a decade of data collections between 2010 and 2021. Nusantara Bioscience 13: 245-259. Orchid is well known as a plant group widely used as ornamental plants because of their uniqueness. But, high exploitation, deforestation, and land-use changes have threatened orchid species and triggered extinction. It also happened in Mount Ungaran, Central Java, Indonesia, despite designation as an essential ecosystem area. This research was conducted to add an updated list of wild orchid species that can serve as biodiversity baseline data for conservation management in Mount Ungaran. The study was carried out through exploration activities from 2010 to 2021. The study area covered eleven sites namely Gentong Hills, Kalisidi, Pasigitan, Banyuwindu, Gajahmungkur, Watuondo, Mawar Camp, Indrakila, Gondang and Puncak which were all included in the buffer zone of Mount Ungaran. A total of 115 species from 54 genera of orchids were successfully identified, including 78 species of epiphyte and 37 species of terrestrial orchids. Among the species recorded, at least 27 species were known to be endemic to Indonesia, and 8 species were endemic to the island of Java, which four species were listed in the IUCN Red List. In addition, all the species found were listed in Appendix II of the CITES, except one species, Paphiopedilum javanicum which was listed in Appendix I. This study recorded the new distribution records of several species of orchids that were previously only found in West Java or East Java, i.e., Ania penangiana, Pholidota convallariae, and Crepidium junghuhnii. This study has also documented a species from genus Crepidium, which morphological characters have not been described in any identification guides. The Gentong area has potential as a priority for in-situ orchid protection area by the highest number of species were reached 54% of all orchids found on Mount Ungaran.
READING THE IDEOLOGY OF EURASISM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE WORKS OF N.S. TRUBETSKY AND G.V. VERNADSKY) AND THE THEORY OF ETHNOGENESIS L.N. GUMILEV FROM THE POSITION OF ANTI-EXTREMIST BEGINNINGS
Authors: Starodubtseva Maria A.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the main theses of the Eurasian ideology from the position of anti-extremist views. The author gives a brief outline of the formation of ideological postulates in the works of Prince N.S. Trubetskoy, as the founder of Eurasianism, and analyzes the criticism of the thinker's ideas from anti-nationalist and anti-racist positions. Further, the author briefly examines the positions of G.V. Vernadsky in the context of Eurasian ideology, noting the similarity with the ideas of N.S. Trubetskoy. The illogicality and discontinuity of the ideas of G.V. Vernadsky in comparison with the more rigorous and logical concept of N.S. Trubetskoy. The author informs that in the future G.V. Vernadsky increasingly moved away from the Eurasian ideology in favor of other theories. However, as the author emphasizes, the Eurasian ideology itself, when examined in detail, is distinguished by the discontinuity of ideas and inconsistency, moreover, from the very moment of its inception. Nevertheless, the author notes, the internal inconsistency of Eurasianism does not mean its nationalistic character. Moreover, there is no talk of racism in the Eurasian doctrine. Then the author analyzes anti-extremist views in the theory of ethnogenesis by L.N. Gumilyov, and notes the difficulty of proving it. Some attempts to prove the theory of ethnogenesis from a biological point of view are analyzed. The author concludes that there is no extremist ideology in the analyzed theories, but emphasizes the danger of misinterpreting these trends. This thesis is confirmed several times in the work with the help of various arguments.
Qualitative Perceptions of an Anticipated Fresh Food Prescription Program
Authors: Thomson Sharon , Ugwuegbu Judy , Montez Kimberly , Langdon Sarah , Best Scott , Sostaita Daniel , Franklin Michelle , Zimmer Rachel
Published: January 2022

Objective: Food insecurity (FI) is a growing public health problem. Produce prescriptions are known to improve healthy eating and decrease FI; however, few studies have incorporated community voice prior to its implementation. In this study, we aimed to elicit perspectives of individuals at risk for FI and the potential impact of a fresh food prescription (FFRx) program. Methods: We conducted this qualitative descriptive study through an academic medical center in collaboration with community partners. We conducted focus groups involving Latinx (N = 16) and African-American (N = 8) adults in community settings. Data were interpreted using an inductive thematic analysis. Results: Three overarching themes emerged: (1) fresh food accessibility was limited by cost, household size, and transportation but enhanced by food pantries, budgeting, and education; (2) cooking behaviors were curbed by time constraints and unfamiliarity but propagated by passion, traditions, and communal practices; and (3) health and wellness deterrents included unhealthy diets driven by cultural and familial norms; however, weight loss and awareness of comorbidities were positive motivators. Participants shared their preference for local produce and cooking classes as components of a FFRx program while raising concerns about low participation due to the stigma of receiving aid. Conclusions: Our findings illuminated interest in engaging in a FFRx program and learning ways to prepare healthy foods. A program distributing fresh produce and healthy lifestyle education could close gaps identified in African-American and Latinx communities at risk for FI.
Cervical Cancer Knowledge as a Predictor of Latent Class Membership among African American and Hispanic Young Adult College Women
Authors: Carmack Chakema , Serrano Karina , Roncancio Angelica
Published: January 2022

Background: Multiple studies have shown that African-American and Hispanic women have limited and inadequate knowledge about cervical cancer (CC) and CC screening, which contributes to morbidity and mortality disparities. Access to knowledge, education, and other socio-political factors are social determinants of health that serve to shape individual health behavior knowledge. Better CC knowledge has been shown to increase screening uptake. Methods: In the present study, we specified unique subgroups regarding CC prevention behaviors in a sample of African- American and Hispanic women (N = 328) recruited from a minority-serving higher education institution. Results: Latent class analysis identified 3 unique salient subgroups based on the indicators: CC Screening Adherers and Vaccinators (14%), CC Screening Adherers (48%), and CC Prevention Non-adherers (38%). We found probable variations within the classes regarding screening behavior, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination status, and race/ethnicity. Women reporting higher guideline knowledge were 11 times more likely to be classified as CC Screening Adherers and Vaccinators than CC Prevention Non-adherers. Additionally, women who specifically understood that HPV causes cervical cancer were 16 and 9 times more likely to be classified as CC Screening Adherers and Vaccinators and CC Screening Adherers than to be classified as CC Prevention Nonadherers. Conclusion: Addressing cervical cancer knowledge remains an important intervention strategy in these populations to increase CC screening uptake.
Grado de satisfacción en la formación asistencial de médicos residentes de cirugía general de una universidad pública
Authors: Salazar-Reyna María Dolores
Published: January 2022

Objetivo. Determinar el grado de satisfacción en la formación asistencial de los médicos residentes de cirugía general de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. Métodos. Estudio observacional, transversal, descriptivo. Se aplicó una encuesta de satisfacción a 80 médicos residentes de cirugía general de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos en el año 2015. Resultados. La edad promedio fue de 31 años, el rango de edad fue de 26 a 42 años, el 77% fueron varones y 23% fueron mujeres. El 79% se encontró satisfecho con el número de pacientes atendidos en urgencias. El 66% se encontró satisfecho con el número de preparaciones preoperatorias. El 68 % se encontró satisfecho con el número de atenciones en el post operatorio. Conclusiones. Los médicos residentes de cirugía general de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos se encuentran satisfechos su formación académica asistencial.
Endocarditis tricuspídea secundaria a infección asociada a catéter venoso central. Reporte de dos casos
Authors: Salamanca Max A.
Published: January 2022

Se describen a dos pacientes portadores de catéteres intravasculares que desarrollaron una complicación grave como la endocarditis infecciosa secundaria a infección asociada al catéter. Estos pacientes tuvieron una buena resolución mediante antibioticoterapia y retiro del catéter infectado sin necesidad de llegar a cirugía cardiaca. Las infecciones asociadas al catéter vascular son complicaciones frecuentes en los portadores de catéteres vasculares que conllevan a posibles consecuencias graves como bacteriemia o fungemia pues funcionan como vía de entrada para gérmenes que pueden infectar un órgano noble predispuesto. Por lo tanto, el presente reporte de casos remarca la importancia de considerar a la endocarditis como una complicación latente en pacientes con riesgo infeccioso asociado a los catéteres intravasculares y cómo evitar el uso innecesario de un catéter venoso central.
Comparación de la bioaccesibilidad de calcio en leche de vaca, semillas de ajonjolí (Sesamun indicum) y almendra (Prunus amygdalus)
Authors: Damián Bastidas Narda Lucía , Mujica Albán Elydia Cornelia
Published: January 2022

Introducción. La biodisponibilidad de un nutriente refleja la fracción disponible para ser absorbido y utilizado. Resulta crítica al evaluar la calidad nutricional de un alimento. Objetivo. Comparar la bioaccesibilidad de calcio entre el ajonjolí (Sesamun indicum) y almendra (Prunus amygdalus) con la bioaccesibilidad de calcio de la leche de vaca utilizando un método in vitro. Métodos. Estudio de tipo observacional que evaluó la bioaccesibilidad mediante el método in vitro de dializabilidad. Resultados. La dializabilidad de calcio de la lecha de vaca fue de 20,71%; en las semillas de ajonjolí y almendra fue 1% y 2,27%, respectivamente. Se determinó que la leche de vaca cubre entre el 2% - 4% del requerimiento total de calcio en niños de 1 a 6 años de edad y del 2% en adolescentes y adultos. En las semillas, la cobertura fue mínima. Conclusión. La bioaccesibilidad y aporte potencial de calcio de la leche entera de vaca fue superior en comparación con las semillas de almendra y ajonjolí.
Xantoma tendinoso normolipémico múltiple en coexistencia con glaucoma terminal bilateral y sindactilia
Authors: Cevallos-Riva Liz Karen , Sialer-Vildózola María del Carmen , Sáenz-Anduaga Eliana María , Tejada-Espinoza Eva Isabel , Gamarra-Luna Adriana Vanessa , Antonio-Travezán Pedro Salvador
Published: January 2022

Los xantomas tendinosos están habitualmente asociados con hiperlipidemia, de ahí que son infrecuentes los xantomas tendinosos normolipémicos. La histopatología de este cuadro es característica por la presencia de células espumosas, hendiduras de colesterol y células de Touton. Presentamos el caso de un paciente varón de 22 años portador de xantomas tendinosos normolipémicos, en coexistencia con glaucoma terminal bilateral y sindactilia donde la histología y la inmunohistoquímica fueron de gran utilidad para el diagnóstico definitivo.
Prevalencia de desnutrición en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal en un Hospital Nacional Lima - Perú
Authors: Munive-Yachachi Yveth , Delgado-Pérez Doris
Published: January 2022

Introducción. La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) es un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial que se caracteriza por un deterioro persistente y progresivo de la función renal. En etapa avanzada es necesaria la terapia de reemplazo renal que desencadena una serie de trastornos metabólicos y nutricionales. Objetivo. Determinar la prevalencia de desnutrición en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica terminal atendidos en un hospital nacional en Lima, Perú. Método. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo en pacientes con ERC, mediante entrevistas y mediciones antropométricas. Se utilizó el score de malnutrición e inflamación (MIS) para la evaluación del estado nutricional. Resultados. Se evaluaron 155 pacientes con ERC terminal, 106 (68,4%) fueron varones. La prevalencia de desnutrición fue de 36%; y para el síndrome de desgaste proteicoenergético fue de 74%. Conclusiones. Se encontró un porcentaje considerable de pacientes desnutridos, que podría ser consecuencia de diversos factores que convergen en esta patología; las más vulnerables al desarrollo de este síndrome complejo fueron las mujeres.
Contribución de San Fernando a la investigación científica. Siglos XVII-XIX
Authors: Garmendia Lorena Fausto
Published: January 2022

Se efectúa una investigación bibliográfica retrospectiva de la literatura sobre la historia de la investigación científica de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (UNMSM), Lima-Perú, desde el siglo XVII hasta el siglo XIX. Se revisaron los repositorios bibliográficos SciELO, Scopus, Redalyc, PubMed, de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, tesis del bachillerato y doctorado de la UNMSM, que se encuentran publicados en diarios, revistas médicas científicas y repositorios bibliográficos, para recabar información original sobre el tema. Se encontró abundante bibliografía que demuestra un incremento de las publicaciones médicas a partir de la época de la Ilustración, primero en diarios de circulación periódica, luego en las revistas médicas editadas desde 1827 hasta 1884 y en tesis de bachiller, licenciatura y doctorado, particularmente en las líneas troncales de los problemas de salud emblemáticos del Perú de dicha época. Todo lo cual permite concluir que la información sobre problemas de salud fue importante a partir de la época de la Ilustración y que se extendió con mayor profusión y formalidad hasta fines del siglo XIX.
Efecto de la harina de camu camu sobre el daño hepático inducido por acetaminofén en ratones
Authors: Santa Cruz-Vega Katia , Huamán-Gutiérrez Oscar
Published: January 2022

Objetivos. Evaluar el efecto de la harina de Myrciaria dubia (camu camu) sobre el tejido hepático inducido a toxicidad por acetaminofén en ratones. Métodos. Diseño experimental. Se preparó una suspensión de harina de camu camu (HCC) con almidón al  1,6%. Se emplearon 40 ratones machos de la cepa BALB/c, con un peso promedio de 30,8 g y de dos meses de edad, los cuales fueron divididos en cinco grupos, recibiendo el siguiente tratamiento, vía orogástrica, por un período de 10 días, grupos I y II: almidón 1,6% 10 mL/kg; grupo III: HCC 200 mg/kg, grupo IV: HCC 500 mg/kg y grupo V: HCC 800 mg/kg. Al 6to día de tratamiento se le administró acetaminofén (300 mg/kg) a los grupos II-V hasta el 10mo día. Terminada la intervención los animales fueron puestos en ayunas de 12 horas, para luego ser sacrificados previaanestesia con pentobarbital sódico. Se extrajo el hígado, se identificó y seccionó el lóbulo mayor para el estudio bioquímico e histológico. Resultados. La harina de camu camu redujo los niveles del índice hepático, y presentó un mejor perfil del sistema glutatión, comparado con el grupo II; sin embargo, las cifras de lipoperoxidación no mostraron diferencia significativa. A nivel histológico, en los grupos que recibieron HCC se observaron hepatocitos binucleados, así como un mayor mantenimiento de la polaridad; sin embargo, algunas muestras evidenciaron microvacuolas y leve fragmentación de la cromatina. Conclusión: La harina de camu camu evidenció efecto hepatoprotector frente a la toxicidad por acetaminofén en ratones.
Manejo de neoplasias oncohematológicas en el contexto de la pandemia de COVID-19: recomendación de expertos
Authors: Alcarraz Cindy , Samanez César , Quintana Shirley , Aliaga Rolig , Lopez Lourdes , Vasquez Jule , Enriquez Daniel , Custodio Yinno , Beltran Brady , Runciman Thanya , Castro Denisse , Paredes Sally , Barrionuevo Carlos , Dueñas Daniela , Hijar Gisely
Published: January 2022

La pandemia COVID-19 originado por el Coronavirus 2, agente causal del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2) ha desencadenado una crisis de salud pública a nivel global. Muchos reportes indican resultados desalentadores en pacientes con cáncer respecto a la población general. Por ello, los expertos en el manejo de neoplasias oncohematológicas del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, hospitales nacionales y una clínica privada de Lima Metropolitana han desarrollado recomendaciones obtenidas por consenso para continuar con el manejo de pacientes con neoplasias oncohematológicas en forma segura ante la coyuntura de pandemia.
Insulinorresistencia en mujeres eutiroideas con nódulos tiroideos: estudio de casos y controles
Authors: Albitres-Gamarra Andrés , Pando-Álvarez Rosa , Castillo-Visa Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

Objetivo. Establecer la asociación entre insulinorresistencia y nódulos tiroideos en mujeres eutiroideas residentes de Lima Metropolitana. Métodos. Estudio en mujeres eutiroideas, de 20 a 70 años de edad: 32 casos (con nódulos tiroideos) y 32 controles (sin nódulos tiroideos), por ecografía tiroidea, anticuerpos anti tiroideos negativos y excreción de yodo urinario (EUI) adecuado, pareados por edad e IMC, atendidos en la Red Asistencial Almenara EsSalud. Mediante una ficha clínica se registró la edad y parámetros antropométricos. Se midió: glucosa, insulina basal (IB), e insulinorresistencia (IR) mediante el modelo homeostático (HOMA-IR≥2,97). EUI fue detectada por espectrofotómetro a 420 nm, se consideró adecuado entre 100-300 ug/L. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba t de student, la prueba Chi2, la prueba exacta de Fisher y Odds Ratio ajustado por edad y obesidad abdominal, considerándose un p<0,05 estadísticamente significativo. Resultados. Se observó diferencias significativas de los promedios entre el grupo de casos y controles en la glucosa en ayunas, IB, HOMA-IR (4,3 vs 2,5, p <0,05), y los niveles de EUI fueron menores en el grupo de casos comparados con los controles (167,2 vs 228,3 ug/L, p <0,001). La IR fue más frecuente en el grupo de casos que en el grupo control (82,3% vs 28,1%; p <0,001). El Odds Ratio fue 14,8 (95% IC: 3,4-65,1). Conclusión. En este estudio se encontró una significativa asociación entre la presencia de nódulos tiroideos e insulinorresistencia en mujeres adultas eutiroideas residentes de unaregión yodo suficiente.
Impaired physiological thermoregulation in postweaning obese female LA/Ntul//-cp (corpulent) rats
Authors: Tulp Orien L , Einstein George P , Awan Aftab A
Published: January 2022

Groups of lean and obese female lean, and obese LA/Ntul//cp (corpulent) rats were subjected to measures of thermic responses to feeding, noradrenaline administration, and responses to 14 hours of cold exposure to access their capacity for thermoregulation beginning at 6 to 8 weeks of age. Body weights and adipose tissue mass were greater in the obese than the lean phenotype (p=<0.05). RMR and the dose related thermic responses to norepinephrine (NE) in lean were greater than in obese. Cold exposure at 4°C resulted in decreases in rectal but not core temperature in obese rats, and the thermic responses to 45 minutes of 4°C cold exposure on VO2 were typical but were significantly greater in lean than obese animals at all points measured. Circulating thyroid hormone concentrations were similar in lean and obese rats and T3 but not T4 increased dramatically in both phenotypes following the cold exposure, consistent with phenotype- and IBAT-linked changes in T4-5’ deiodinase and thyroidal activity in this strain. These thermoregulatory changes are consistent with previous studies and may contribute to phenotype mediated aspects of energy metabolism, storage, and adipose tissue deposition and to a phenotype specific selective epigenetic propensity for the expression of obesity during the early postweaning period