bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urinary Tract Infections: Does the Smell Really Tell?
Authors: Midthun Susan J , Paur Ruth , Lindseth Glenda
Published: May 2014

Urine odor may be misleading in detecting urinary tract infections in elderly nursing home residents.

ABSTRACT

Asymptomatic bacteriuria is considered a transient and benign condition in the geriatric population. Before a diagnosis of a urinary tract infection (UTI) can be made, symptoms and significant bacteriuria must be present. One of these symptoms is malodorous urine. Other symptoms of a UTI, typical in the younger population, have been found to be absent or misleading in the older adult population. Though early detection of UTIs improves outcomes, unnecessary laboratory tests are costly and time-consuming, and may encourage inappropriate antibiotic therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine if urine odor is an accurate predictor of a UTI in the older adult incontinent nursing home population. Ninety-seven recently wet incontinence pads of residents in six Midwestern nursing homes were evaluated for odor within 1 hour of voiding. These results were compared to microscopy and culture results of clean-catch urine samples from these individuals. Defining a UTI as either bacteriuria or bacteriuria and pyuria, using urine odor to identify a UTI resulted in error in one third of cases. Results of this study indicate smell of urine in incontinence pads may be an absent or misleading symptom for UTIs in elderly nursing home residents.
The Transition of Elderly Patients Between Hospitals and Nursing Homes: Improving Nurse-to-Nurse Communication
Authors: Cortes Tara A , Wexler Sharon , Fitzpatrick Joyce J
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Lack of patient information is a particular problem when a patient is transferred from one health care facility to another. The lack of information needed to develop a timely and effective plan of care for an older adult transferred to the nursing home facility may exacerbate disruptions in the older adult's care. Also, adjustment or readjustment to the nursing home or hospital environment may be prolonged. Persistence of problems or difficulty in adjustment may then lead to exacerbation of the disease processes and, ultimately, hospital readmissions. Evidence suggests that elderly patients discharged from the hospital have high readmission rates. Although the patient is most affected by a breakdown in communication, everyone in the nursing home involved in the resident's care is also affected. All staff who provide care to the resident, including nursing, medicine, nutrition, pharmacy, social work, and physical therapy staff members, must be cognizant of issues related to communication for patients being transferred. In this article, the authors discuss the development, implementation, and results of a model designed to increase the communication surrounding the transition of elderly patients from an inpatient unit to and from nursing homes.
Raising Awareness of FALL RISK Among Chinese Older Adults: USE OF THE HOME FALL HAZARDS ASSESSMENT TOOL
Authors: You Liming , Deans Cecil , Liu Ke , Zhang Meifen F , Zhang Jun
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Home Fall Hazards Assessment (HFHA) tool adjusted for Chinese homes to raise awareness of the dangers of falling among Chinese older adults. This descriptive study of 415 Chinese adults age 60 and older was completed in the older adults' homes in the community. The study was an assessment by nurses of hazards in the home setting using the HFHA. The hazards identified by nurses were compared with those reported by the elderly individuals. The study identified the most frequently found hazards in the homes and showed that a large discrepancy existed between the actual hazards assessed by trained nurses using the HFHA and the perceived hazards reported by the participants (p < .001). The study suggests that the HFHA can be an effective health education method and that the involvement of older adults in the assessment process will effectively raise their awareness of existing risk factors for falls in their everyday life.
HIV and Older Adults Clinical Outcomes in the Era of HAART
Authors: Uphold Constance R , Maruenda Javier , Yarandi Hossein N , Sleasman John W , Bender Bradley S
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

As the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic enters its third decade, nurses are caring for increasing numbers of older adults with HIV who are on complicated medication regimens or highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Although HAART has revolutionized HIV and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) care, little is known about how older adults respond to the new therapies. A review of the medical records of 19 older (≥ 50 years) and 18 younger (< 40 years) adults initiated on their first HAART regimen revealed both older and younger adults had similar positive clinical outcomes. Nurses need to individualize their care to patients of all ages rather than develop specific clinical guidelines for older adults with HIV.
MULTICULTURAL Medication Adherence: A Comparative Study
Authors: Robbins Bertha , Rausch Kerry J , Garcia Ramon I , Prestwood Karen M
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of several interventions on improving medication adherence among White, Black, and Hispanic older women. A total of 109 women older than age 65 who were participating in a clinical osteoporosis trial were recruited for this 12-month study examining medication adherence. After baseline medication adherence was assessed, participants underwent standardized teaching. Participants were contacted monthly by telephone and were seen in a clinic setting every 3 months. All participants used a pillbox for 6 months, and the minority women used an electronic monitoring bottle for 6 months. Adherence was highest in White women. Black women showed significant improvement in adherence at 9 and 12 months, and Hispanic women demonstrated a significant increase in adherence at 12 months. The use of electronic monitors had a positive effect on adherence for the minority women.
Postintervention Focus Groups
Authors: Kemeny Betsy , Boettcher Iris F , DeShon Richard P , Stevens Alan B
Published: May 2014

Toward Sustaining Care

In long-term care, changing behavior involves many complex issues. The non-threatening environment of postintervention focus groups allows staff to share their perceptions of their own behavior changes as well as other staff's behavior changes.
Nurses' Attitudes Toward Aging and Older Adults
Authors: Wells Yvonne , Foreman Peter , Gething Lindsay , Petralia Walter
Published: May 2014

Examining Attitudes and Practices Among Health Services Providers in Australia

As the demand for skilled nurses increases, positive attitudes among nurses toward older adults will be critical in both recruiting staff to aged care settings and providing quality care to this population.
Perceived Helpfulness of Telephone Calls
Authors: Chang Betty L , Nitta Shizue , Carter Patricia A , Markham Young Kee
Published: May 2014

Providing Support for Caregivers of Family Members With Dementia

Family caregivers of individuals with dementia experience feelings of social isolation, depression, anxiety, and interpersonal strain. The findings of this study indicate telephone calls by trained personnel can be an efficient and effective manner of providing support for caregivers.
VALIDATION of the Reactions to Ageing Questionnaire: Assessing Similarities Across Several Countries
Authors: Gething Lindsay , Fethney Judith , McKee Kevin , Persson Lars-Olaf , Goff Marilyn , Churchward Margaret , Matthews Slade , Halvarsson Maud , Johannsson Ingrid
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

With the increasing numbers of older adults, factors impacting the effectiveness of provision of health care must be addressed. The literature suggests attitudes, particularly those of nurses, impact health service provision. This article reports the outcome of a multicountry validation study of the Reactions to Ageing Questionnaire (RAQ). The RAQ measures attitudes toward personal aging and has been used in Australia for 5 years. This study was designed to determine whether the psychometric characteristics and norms of the RAQ identified for Australian nurses also apply to nursing samples in Sweden and the United Kingdom. Findings indicate the internal structure of the RAQ extends outside Australia, with similar factors appearing across the three countries. Ranges and standard deviations indicate the instrument is able to discriminate between respondents within each country. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were consistent across countries and fell in the moderately high range. The findings indicate the RAQ has many potential applications in attitude assessment and in providing direction for training designed to address attitudinal factors that may impact the effectiveness of nursing practice for older adults.
The Paired RAI/MDS Specialist Model: Improving Outcomes in Veterans Affairs Nursing Home Care Units
Authors: Nichols Catherine L , Willis Lou Ann
Published: May 2014

Switching the responsibility of fulfilling RAI/MDS requirements from all staff nurses to select paired nurse specialist teams proved successful in this VA long-term care facility.
Facilitating Resident Information Seeking Regarding Meals in a Special Care Unit: AN ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN INTERVENTION
Authors: Nolan Beth A D , Mathews R Mark
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Repetitive questions and requests for information are common in older adults with dementia. The purpose of this environmental design intervention was to provide residents continuous access to information about common mealtime questions with the intent of decreasing agitation around mealtimes and facilitating more pleasant patient-staff and patient-patient interactions. A special care unit for residents with dementia of the Alzheimer's type was the setting. During the intervention conditions, a large clock and a sign with large lettering that identified mealtimes were hung in the dining area. Direct observations of 35 residents were conducted at mealtimes for a 5-month period. Results showed reductions from baseline to the intervention phase in food-related questions or requests. These results suggest a simple, inexpensive environmental change intervention can reduce repetitive questions commonly exhibited by individuals with dementia.
MOVING TO AN Assisted Living Facility: Exploring the Transitional Experience of Elderly Individuals
Authors: Tracy Janet P , DeYoung Sandra
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

This qualitative study examined the effects of relocating to an assisted living facility in a select sample of elderly individuals. Small group interviews with open-ended discussion allowed participants to express feelings about their transitional experience and recall situations in their adjustment process. Themes arising from the data included self-motivating factors, ties to the past, independence, affection, and adjustment, which correlated with the principles of assisted living. This study revealed a beginning understanding of the experience of moving from a private home to assisted living and provided a framework for a new vision of these residents. Nursing implications are included that offer ways to provide assistance and further facilitate adjustment.
Indoor Gardening and Older Adults: Effects on Socialization, Activities of Daily Living, and Loneliness
Authors: Brown Victoria M , Allen Aimee C , Dwozan Marci , Mercer Ivey , Warren Kim
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

This study examined the effects of indoor gardening on socialization, activities of daily living (ADLs), and perceptions of loneliness in elderly nursing home residents. A total of 66 residents from two nursing homes participated in this two-phase study. In phase one, experimental group 1 participated once a week for 5 weeks in gardening activities while a control group received a 20-minute visit. While no significant differences were found between groups in socialization or perceptions of loneliness, there were significant pretest-posttest differences within groups on loneliness and guidance, reassurance of worth, social integration, and reliable alliance. The results also demonstrated gardening interventions had a significant effect on three ADLs (transfer, eating, and toileting). Phase two examined differences in the effects of a 5-week versus a 2-week intervention program. Although no significant within-group differences were noted in socialization, loneliness, or ADLs, the 5-week program was more effective in increasing socialization and physical functioning.
The Meaning of Mealtimes: Connection to the Social World of the Nursing Home
Authors: Evans Bronwynne C , Crogan Neva L , Shultz Jill Armstrong
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Food that reflects our family backgrounds is a source of comfort that can play an important part in recovery from illness or adaptation to the nursing home, especially for older individuals. However, no studies could be found that explored residents' perspectives on how their food and food service preferences are, or are not, met in nursing homes. This exploratory qualitative study examined dietary preferences acquired during the course of a lifetime, and the meaning of mealtimes to 20 nursing home residents, and attempted to connect that meaning with their social world. Exploring the meaning of food and food service to nursing home residents could furnish insights for improving nutritional status, adaptation to the nursing home, and quality of life through promotion of individualized nutritional care.
Nurse Staffing in Nursing Homes in the United States: Part II
Authors: Harrington Charlene
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

This study compared state minimum staffing standards with actual nurse staffing levels in nursing homes in each state. The actual nurse staffing levels in nursing homes were compared to the nurse staffing levels recommended by experts in 2000 and 2001. Data for the study came from primary data collected during a survey of state staffing standards and secondary data of actual staffing from federal administrative records. Actual nurse staffing levels in nursing homes were higher than state minimum standards, showing no evidence that minimum staffing standards become the average staffing level. When actual nurse staffing levels were compared with the minimum standards recommended in a federal report, 97% of all nursing homes had staffing levels below those considered safe. Considerable new federal and state resources are needed to bring the state staffing standards and the actual nursing home staffing levels up to the levels recommended by experts.
The Health Status of Rural Caregivers
Authors: Sanford Julie Tanner , Johnson Arthur D , Townsend-Rocchiccioli Judith
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The purposes of this study were to examine the relationships among stress, caregiver burden, and the health status of rural caregivers and assess whether caregiver burden and stress predict the physical health status of caregivers in the rural setting. A descriptive-correlational design was used to explore the caregiver health status of 63 informal caregivers in rural Alabama and Mississippi. The relationships among stress, burden, and health status in rural caregivers were significantly related (p .000) and significant variance in health status (p .000) was accounted for by the model variables of stress and caregiver burden. Rural caregivers experienced difficulty with transportation to the hospital and their physidans, and complained of experiencing uncomfortable physical symptoms.
Use of Individualized Music by Trained Staff and Family: Translating Research into Practice
Authors: Gerdner Linda A
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

This pilot study used a mixed methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of individualized music for the management of agitation when implemented by trained staff and family. Music was administered daily and as needed to eight elderly individuals with dementia who resided in a long-term care facility. A statistically significant reduction in agitation was found during the presenta- tion of music and an overall reduc- tion in agitation was found on day shift during weeks 1 to 8 and on evening shift during weeks 5 to 8. Staff and family interviews provided convergent validity of findings. Music also promoted meaningful interaction between the resident and others.
Osteoarthritic KNEE OR HIP PAIN: Possible Indicators in Elderly Adults with Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Tsai Pao-Feng , Means Kevin M
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Many elderly individuals with cognitive impairment (CI) suffer from chronic pain resulting from osteoarthritis (OA). They have diminished ability to communicate their pain to health care providers, and when pain is undetected, it may be untreated. A method of detecting chronic OA pain in elderly individuals with CI and measuring treatment outcomes is thus urgently needed. This article examines indicators of chronic OA pain in cognitively intact elderly individuals that could be used to identify pain in elderly individuals with CI. The review suggests that patients with severe knee or hip OA pain tend to show specific motor patterns, disturbances of gait patterns, and reduction of activity level. Therefore, these behaviors could serve as alternatives to verbal report of chronic pain in elderly individuals with CI and knee or hip OA.
Health Outcomes and Polypharmacy in Elderly Individuals
Authors: Frazier Susan C
Published: May 2014

An Integrated Literature Review
Health-Related Decision-Making by Older Adults and Their Families
Authors: Popejoy Lori
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Helping frail and vulnerable individuals and their families to make the best health-related decision is difficult even in the best of circumstances. Decision-making as a discrete action is often discussed in the health care literature, but the concept that decision-making is a process is largely ignored. Understanding the basic elements of the decision-making process used by older adults and their family, or support individual(s) may help health care team members offer more substantial and meaningful assistance to the individuals who are trying to make tough healthrelated decisions. Full information needs to be available so all participants involved in the process can make reasonable decisions. The decision-making process is highly contextual and is based on how realistic the decision-making goals are and how congruent the experiences versus perceived expectations are, as well as the quality of options available.
Continent or Incontinent? That is the Question
Authors: Taunton Roma Lee , Swagerty Daniel L , Lasseter Joyce A
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

A qualitative, emergent, case study design guided the description of care provided to nursing home residents with urinary incontinence in three Midwestern nursing facilities. Participants included 17 residents and 16 family members or friends of the respective residents. Staff and managers involved in the planning and delivery of care to the participating residents also were included. The three facilities represented variation in size, location, ownership, and Medicare certification. Data were collected via observation, resident record audit, and semi-structured interview. Definitions of incontinence varied among staff. A collectively held expectation that residents would be toileted every 2 hours was not met. Maintaining skin integrity was the primary motivation for keeping residents clean and dry. Medical directors viewed incontinence as a nursing problem. Staff described situations in which incontinence was improved for specific residents, but there was little evidence of formal programs to maintain continence or improve incontinence.
The Rural Community Care Gerontologic Nurse Entrepreneur: ROLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES
Authors: Caffrey Rosalie A
Published: May 2014

This article is the fourth in a series of articles focusing on the independent nurses role. Other articles in this series appeared in April 2005 (Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 5-11), July 2005 (Vol. 31, No. 7, pp. 18-25), and August 2005 (Vol. 31, No.8, pp. 12-17). This series showcases the nurse's diverse responsibilities outside the hospital or long-term care facility.

ABSTRACT

Rural elderly individuals are an underserved population with limited access to health care. There is an increasing need for independent community care nurses to provide assistance to homebased elderly individuals with chronic illnesses to prevent unnecessary medical and placement decisions and, thus, allow them to maintain independence and quality of life. This article describes the rural setting and why community care nurses are needed, and explores strategies for implementing the role of the independent nurse entrepreneur in caring for community-based elderly individuals in rural settings.
Wearing and Using Personal Emergency
Authors: Porter Eileen J
Published: May 2014

Older Frail Widows' Intentions

ABSTRACT

Frail older adults living alone are at risk for falling and not being found. A personal emergency response system (PERS) is a technological adjunct to home care for such individuals, but little is known of their experiences with the PERS. The experiences of seven frail women (ages 83 to 96) who lived alone were studied using a descriptive phenomenological method. The key phenomenon was temporizing about the PERS button, and the two component phenomena were deciding when to wear it and deciding whether to use it. Findings were contrasted to the existing literature about wearing and using the PERS, which has been focused on compliance. The variations in the experiences of the women in this small sample warrant further research and individualized interventions to enhance consistent use of the PERS by frail older adults.
What You Need to Know
Authors: Buckwalter Kathleen C
Published: May 2014

Answers to Medicare Prescription Drug Coverage Questions
Innovation in Bladder Assessment: USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN EXTENDED CARE
Authors: Newman Diane K , Gaines Theresa , Snare Elisabeth
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Nursing homes are required to conduct a comprehensive assessment and screening of residents with urinary incontinence (UI) and indwelling catheter upon admission, and if there is a change in cognition, physical ability, or urinary tract function (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services [CMS], 2005). The desired goal is to improve the quality of care through the maintenance and the restoration of bladder function. CMS regulations and revised Tag F315 mandate that long-term care facilities appropriately assess and treat the specific bladder disorder of UI and decrease the inappropriate use of indwelling urinary catheters. Assessment includes evaluation for reversible factors that may cause UI, such as urinary retention and urinary tract infection. The scope of this article is to demonstrate the relationship between these bladder disorders and assessments that can be performed by nursing staff. Because invasive instrumentation of the bladder can increase the likelihood of urinary tract infections, the use of non-invasive technology that ensures quality and evidence-based clinical practice, while preventing associated medical problems in vulnerable residents, is necessary for bladder assessment in the extended care setting. With this technology, assessment of bladder function is easy for staff and provides information that can be vital to successful nursing care outcomes. The staff of CRISTA Senior Community changed clinical practice through incorporation of technology to determine the presence of bladder dysfunction. Staff accurately and effectively applied ultrasonography to determine the bladder volume and abnormalities with bladder emptying, with ultimate improvement in resident care. Adoption of technology can preserve the resident's dignity and respect, while ensuring the highest level of bladder function.
Bladder Control: Educational Needs of Older Adults
Authors: Palmer Mary H , Newman Diane K
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

Bladder control problems, especially urinary incontinence (UI) and urinary freqency and urgency, are prevalent among older adults. The purpose of this project was to determine older adults' educational needs, preferred format, and interest in bladder control educational materials. Eighty-one older adults participated in focus groups conducted at senior centers, churches, and senior apartment dwellings located in Philadelphia, PA. A doctorally prepared nurse acted as the moderator, using a questionnaire that included items on general health issues and specific questions about bladder control issues. Participants showed interest in learning more about bladder control issues, discussed their preferences in relation to format for receiving health-related information, and expressed their interest in bladder control educational materials. This information can be used to devise an educational program about bladder control that is acceptable to older adults and can be easily accessed in settings where they reside or recreate.
The Experience of Being Listened To: A Qualitative Study of Older Adults in Long-Term Care Settings
Authors: Jonas-Simpson Christine , Mitchell Gail J , Fisher Anne , Jones Grazia , Linscott Jan
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

The experience of being listened to for older adults living in long-term care facilities was explored using a qualitative descriptive method outlined in Parse (2001), with the human becoming theory as the theoretical framework. The themes that emerged from this study- Nurturing Contentment, Vital Genuine Connections, and Deference Triumphs Mediocrity-affirmed the experience of being listened to as fundamental to the participants' quality of life. The findings expand nursing theory, provide enhanced understanding of the experience of being listened to, and offer ideas for future research. Through the voices of older adults participating in this study, the authors learn how critical listening is to quality care, and thus to excellence in nursing practice.
Personality and Coping: Predictors of Depression and Sleep Problems Among Caregivers of Individuals Who Have Cancer
Authors: Carter Patricia A , Acton Gayle J
Published: May 2014

ABSTRACT

This cross-sectional study described personality and coping and examined their relationships with depression and sleep in 51 adult caregivers of individuals who have cancer. Findings are compared with dementia caregiver literature. Fifty-two percent of caregivers reported Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scores greater than 16, and 95% reported Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores greater than 5, indicating risk for clinical depression and severe sleep problems. Less functional coping, optimism, mastery, neuroticism, and sleep predicted 66.4% of the variance in depression. Less functional coping, mastery, neuroticism, and depression predicted 41 % of the variance in sleep. Neuroticism and mastery predicted 45.3% of the variance in less functional coping strategies. Caregiver optimism and mastery levels were consistent with levels found in dementia studies. Neuroticism scores were higher than in studies of caregivers of individuals with dementia. Mastery and neuroticism were related to depression, as in other caregiver studies. Findings suggest there are far more similarities than differences between caregivers of individuals who have cancer and caregivers of those who have dementia. Caregiver personality and coping strategies appear to be related to caregiver outcomes similarly in the cancer and dementia populations.
Conciliación o revolución: los caminos enfrentados del liberalismo peninsular (Portugal y España, 1863-1866)
Authors: Chato Gonzalo Ignacio
Published: May 2014

Las propuestas conciliatorias que se llevaron a cabo desde mediados del siglo XIX en la península ibérica marcaron, en función de sus experiencias y resultados, un itinerario dispar en el devenir de los regímenes liberales de España y Portugal. El triunfo de la Regeneração, aunque supuso una indudable tranquilidad política y constitucional, provocó la alteración de la dinámica política y la gestación y desarrollo de nuevos partidos. La formulación de estas nuevas identidades y el emerger del radicalismo, que representó un especial protagonismo, iba a determinar el nacimiento de un ciclo político no exento de tensiones y dificultades, ensayándose nuevas apuestas conciliatorias con las que asegurar la estabilidad del régimen y limitar toda expectativa de revolución. En cuanto a España, truncada la tentativa de conciliación llevada a cabo durante el gobierno largo de O’Donnell, el funcionamiento político retomó, a pesar del clima liberalizador que pareció establecerse, las mimas inercias y deficiencias que había arrastrado en las décadas anteriores, lo que llevó al retraimiento de los progresistas y a su apuesta por la vía revolucionaria. Con la revolución en el horizonte, se venían a expresar los límites y alcances de un régimen que, incapaz de aunar a las principales fuerzas políticas dentro de un mismo marco político, daba ya muestras de su crisis y agotamiento.
Preparation of Sintered Glass-Ceramics: A Comparison of Different Binders
Authors: Li Na , Shen Hong Hai , Zhang Wei Juan , Liu Shi Quan
Published: May 2014

With the rapid increase of solid wastes and the decrease in natural resources, the reutilization of the wastes has become an urgent need. Sintered glass-ceramics with gehlenite and anorthite as main crystalline phases have been prepared with glass powder made from a waste water flocculate. In this work, different binders, including diluted water glass, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution and kaolin were added to form green bodies for making sintered glasses ceramics. Effects of the binders on the sintering shrinkage of the green bodies, the crystallization of the glass powder upon sintering and the microstructure of the sintered glass-ceramics have been investigated. The results indicate that the kaolin benefits the reduction of the shrinkage and may have negative effect on the formation of glass-ceramics with fine grained crystallites. In contrast, PVA and water glass solutions as binders lead to larger shrinkage values and glass-ceramics with well distributed smaller crystallites.
Research about WO3/Pd Film Preparation for Reflection Type Optical Fiber Hydrogen Sensor
Authors: Deng Xian Ling , Zhou Chuan De , Li Ze Lun , Cheng Kang
Published: May 2014

Hydrogen sensitive film is the most important problem of the optical fiber hydrogen sensor, which directly affects the quality of the sensor sensitivity. In this paper, the process of sol-gel WO3/Pd coating was studied for the reflection type optical fiber hydrogen sensor. First, the materials for WO3/Pd sol, the devices and the detail steps of the sol preparation were introduced. Then the coating process of WO3/Pd sol was introduced, and the surface morphology of the film was analyzed. At last, experiments indicate the WO3/Pd film has good hydrogen sensitivity and show still good surface morphology after the temperature shock.
Design of Granary Parameter Wireless Monitoring System Based on Internet
Authors: Guo Yao Hua
Published: May 2014

A granary parameter wireless monitoring system based on Internet is introduced, in which the wireless sensor network is built by using the temperature and humidity sensor and the CC2430 wireless chip, the embedded gateway and the Web server are built by using the embedded ARM chip S3C2410, the system overall structure and hardware circuit and software design are detailed described. In the system, the remote wireless monitoring of grain parameters is realized, users can perform data transmission and monitoring by Internet. The whole system is stable, reliable, low power consumption and it can meet the measurement requirements.
A Multi-Agent Scheme for Real-Time Fact Mapping of Reasoning Engine
Authors: Qu You Miao , Li Wei Hua , Chen Hua Sheng
Published: May 2014

Physical world facts must be measured and translated into first-order-logic expression before participate the reasoning process in reasoning engine. However, mapping facts into first-order-logic form in real-time is not an easy task. This paper discusses the difficulties of such mapping in three aspects. Then, this paper proposes a multi-agent based scheme to solve these three problems. First, this paper introduces multi-agent frame to reduce system design complexity. Then, this paper proposes a table mapping algorithm to translate numeric facts into first-order-logic form. After that, a resampling mechanism considering overall system delay is introduced to selectively remove excessive facts. Finally, this paper gives a case study, which verifies that the scheme proposed in this paper is practical, efficient and easy to put into application.
Short-Term Observation Data Process of all in View Based on the Kalman Smoothing Algorithm
Authors: Bai Hua Wei , Wang Yu Wen , Dong Jia Zhi
Published: May 2014

All in view method is one of the important methods used for time synchronization, and it takes advantage of all the visible satellite time data for time synchronization at the same time. This paper analyzes all in view method and uses Kalman smoothing algorithm to deal with the observation data. This paper simulates the Kalman smoothing algorithm with the data from BIPM. The simulation comparison is made between Kalman smoothing algorithm and Vondrak smoothing algorithm, and the time-consuming comparison to deal with the same data is also been showed here. The simulation results show that, Kalman smoothing algorithm has almost the same accuracy of the Vondrak smoothing algorithm to deal with the observation data of all in view, but its time-consuming is shorter
Adaptive S Surface Controller for Hover Control of Underwater Vehicles
Authors: Wan Lei , He Bin , Li Yue Ming , Jiang Da Peng
Published: May 2014

Hovering is a common operation condition for underwater vehicles, and the S surface algorithm has been proven to be a pragmatic approach to solve the control problem, however, with poor adaptability under changing environments. In this paper, an adaptive method based on fuzzy rules is proposed to achieve on-line setting of the controller’s parameters according to the relevant theories and experience. Meanwhile, a strategy to adaptively reduce the steady state error during the hovering is put forward. The adaptive S surface controller is test on a full-actuated underwater vehicle, and the pool experiment indicates that the modified controller ensured control accuracy and strong robustness.
Research on the Reform of Experimental Teaching Based on Fischertechnik Model
Authors: Li Ze Lun , Huang You Jun , Huang Zhi Cheng
Published: May 2014

To overcome the shortcomings existing in teaching and experimentation of robot curriculum, this paper discusses the application of teaching robot in experimentation reform based on Fischertechnik model. Appling Fischertechnik model to innovate the robot curriculum experimentation, it affords a good carrier to cultivate the student’ creative thought and manipulative ability, and it is a new approach to carry out creativity education to college students.
Effect of Titanium Content on Microstructure and Properties of FeWCrMnCoCuTix High Entropy Alloy Coating Prepared by Laser Cladding
Authors: An Xu Long , Liu Qi Bin , Zheng Bo
Published: May 2014

To obtain the coating with excellent properties, FeWCrMnCoCuTix(x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6) high entropy alloys coating on 45 steel were prepared by laser cladding. By means of OM, XRD and microhardness tester, the effect of Ti content on microstructure and properties of coating is investigated. The experimental result shows that the phase composition of HEAs coating is simple body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic. The microstructure of these alloys is mainly dendrite crystal with grains were fine and uniform. When Ti content increases tox=0.4, the hardness of the coating reaches a maximum (639HV0.2). Key words: HEAs; FeWCrMnCoCuTix; coating; laser cladding; microstructure and properties
Application and Research on Concrete-Filled Steel Bridge Piers
Authors: Wang Jian
Published: May 2014

Application and research on Concrete-Filled steel Bridge Piers used unified theory ,and analyzed Concrete-Filled steel Bridge Piers through MIDAS. Contrast calculation, Verification rationality and reliability on FEA model, which provide good references for engineers. Come up with argument and prospect at the same time with Concrete-Filled steel Bridge Piers.
Bionic Creeping Motion Study on Non Singular and Redundant Degree Manipulator
Authors: Zhao Kai , Liu Xiu Juan , Yang Yong Zhi , Song Li Min , Wang Chun Guang
Published: May 2014

The mechanical arm of multi degree freedom can be used as a mechanical arm by surrounded and grasping operation, but also can be used as mobile robot on the ground. In the case of the not fixed base, the bionic motion is studied. In this paper, the mechanism relationship of the mechanical arm is analysized, and the manipulator the joint angle changes are obtained on creeping movement of the mechanical arm.
Analysis of the Market Prospect of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on SWTO
Authors: Bin Feng
Published: May 2014

This paper introduces the basic structure and operating principle of DSSC. For its own characteristics, and compared to conventional crystalline silicon solar cells, then using SWTO analysis methods to analyze its market prospects.
Lagrangian Methods of Finite Element Simulations in Sheet Metal Forming Process
Authors: Chen Lei , Chen Hui Qin , Li Zhi Hua , Wang Qiao Yi
Published: May 2014

Simulation method has become an increasing important problem to establish the trustworthiness of models in the finite element simulations. Finite element models in sheet metal forming, which involves large deformations, large displacement and friction, are uncertainly with different methods. Finite element models based on different Lagrangian methods have been used to analyze the deep drawing process. The tools are modeled as rigid surfaces. The blank is modeled as a deformable body. The interaction of sliding surfaces is modeled with a modified Coulomb friction law. The Finite element results of strain and thickness distributions are validated by comparison with the experiment. It is shown that the main difference of Total Lagrangian formulation (T.L.) and Updated Lagrangian formulation (U.L.) lies in the large displacement and deformation, whilst agree well with small displacement and deformation.
Influence of Fe2O3 on Structural and Magnetic Properties of LaFeO3/Fe2O3 and Mn2O3/Fe2O3 Magnetic Nano-Composites
Authors: Wang S.F. , Ding Q.P. , Zu X.T.
Published: May 2014

LaFeO3/Fe2O3 and Mn2O3/Fe2O3 magnetic nanocomposites have been prepared by a modified polyacrylamide gel route. The XRD result indicates the formation of LaFeO3/Fe2O3 and Mn2O3/Fe2O3 nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation shows that the LaFeO3/Fe2O3 particles appear to be regularly spherical in shape and highly uniform in size with a diameter of ~ 80 nm, while the Mn2O3/Fe2O3 sample exhibits a relatively broad particle size distribution with an average particle size centered around 20-60 nm. Result of vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) of LaFeO3/Fe2O3 magnetic nanocomposites revealed that coercivity values decreased with the increase sintering temperature. However, the coercivity values of Mn2O3/Fe2O3 magnetic nanocomposites appear to an anomaly phenomenon.
Design and Research on Household Photovoltaic Power Generation System in Jilin Province
Authors: Zhang Xu , Yang Xiao Tian , Guo Liang
Published: May 2014

Taking Jilin province rural areas as an example, according to the local climate, environm-
ental conditions and basic load case, designed with independent photovoltaic power generation system, the photovoltaic array Angle, photovoltaic panels, battery, inverter and controller and so on has carried on the optimized selection and design. With professional PVSYST photovoltaic software to design the simulation, to meet user demand and system, battery working status, economic and environmental benefits has made the detailed analysis, for the independent photovoltaic solar power systems in Jilin province to promote the study of theoretical basis.
An Energy Efficient Routing Protocol Based on LEACH for WSN
Authors: Liu Yong Chao , Zhang Yue Xia
Published: May 2014

Reducing the network energy consumption and increasing the lifetime of network are important content for wireless sensor network. LEACH is an adaptive routing algorithm with low consumption for wireless sensor network. However there are many shortcomings in LEACH routing algorithm such as too much energy consumption of cluster heads and uneven clustering each round. This paper puts forward a new improved algorithm named H-LEACH to solve the problem above. It lets the nodes holding more energy have the high possibility to become cluster-heads through a threshold and constraints the number of clusters each round at the same time so that it can balance the energy distribution and reduce energy cost. Simulation results show that H-LEACH is more energy-efficient than LEACH protocol.
Cloud Manufacturing: Definitions, Features, Modes and Core Issues
Authors: Yin Yong , Li Yu , Zhou Zu De
Published: May 2014

Cloud Manufacturing is one of the most attractive modes with the features of “service-based manufacturing” and “manufacturing-oriented service”. In the paper, the concepts, characteristics, and three roles of the platform for Cloud Manufacturing are introduced, and six deployment manners of the Cloud Manufacturing platform are suggested. Key issues that must be settled so as to implement the Cloud Manufacturing technologies into real design and manufacturing activities are discussed. It is hopeful that the contribution of the paper can promote the study, the research and the development of the Cloud Manufacturing for future.
Thermal Stability and Hair Dye of Anthocyanin Complex from Zea mays L. and Clitoria ternatea L.
Authors: Priprem Aroonsri , Saodaeng Kedsarin , Lertrat Kamol
Published: May 2014

Thermal stability of total anthocyanin contents of an anthocyanin complex (AC) formed by extracts ofZ. maysL.ceritinaKulesh (CC) andClitoria ternateaL. (CT) at pH 5.5 was investigated by pH differential method. The AC shifted FTIR spectra of CC and CT from about 1,600 to 1,732 cm-1and about 1,000 to 1,106 cm-1. Temperature-dependent degradation rates of AC of 0.4, 1.4 and 8.5 %h-1were determined upon storage at 50, 70 and 90°C, respectively. The degradation rates of total anthocyanins of AC were about 2 times lowered than those of CC and CT. Arrhenius plots of the AC showed a change in activation energy from those of the CT and CC extracts. The AC increased the microscopic dark areas of the white hair from 2% to about 65%. It leads to conclude that complexation of anthocyanins from 2 sources into the AC reduced degradation of the anthocyanins and mpotential hair dye.
An Optimized Method for the Preparation of Monascus purpureus DNA for Genome Sequencing
Authors: Yang Yue , Du Xin Jun , Li Ping , Liang Bin , Wang Shuo
Published: May 2014

More and more attention has been paid to filamentous fungal evolution, metabolic pathway and gene functional analysis via genome sequencing. However, the published methods for the extraction of fungal genomic DNA were usually costly or inefficient. In the present study, we compared five different DNA extraction protocols: CTAB protocol with some modifications, benzyl chloride protocol with some modifications, snailase protocol, SDS protocol and extraction with the E.Z.N.A. Fungal DNA Maxi Kit (Omega Bio-Tek, USA). The CTAB method which we established with some modification in several steps is not only economical and convenient, but also can be reliably used to obtain large amounts of highly pure genomic DNA fromMonascus purpureusfor sequencing with next-generation sequencing technologies (Illumina and 454) successfully.
A Technological Research on Synergetic Extraction of Momordica charantia L. Saponin Using Microwave-Surfactant
Authors: Kai Tang , Jie Yan , Xin Huang
Published: May 2014

In this paper, microwave-surfactant assisted extraction of saponin from Momordica Charantia.L was studied. The content of saponin was determined by the method of vanillin-acetic acid and perchloric which were used as developer. Four main factors including extraction powder, extraction time, ratio of solid to liquid and surfactant concentration were studied by orthogonal experiments. Results showed that extraction powder was the most significant influential factor, followed by extraction time and ratio of solid to liquid. Surfactant concentration showed the minimum influence. The optimum extraction conditions were: extraction powder 400W, extraction time 5min, ratio of solid to liquid 1:12g/mL and surfactant concentration 0.03mol/L, under which the extraction yield of saponin reached 4.69%.
Rapid HPLC of Cyanidin and Delphinidin of an Anthocyanin Complex Exposed to Human Gingival Epithelial Cells
Authors: Khampaenjiraroch Bhattaranitch , Priprem Aroonsri , Lertrat Kamol , Damrongrungruang Teerasak
Published: May 2014

A rapid isocratic HPLC was developed and validated for use in simultaneous analysis of cyanidin and delphinidin extracted from purple cobs of Zea mays L. ceritina Kulesh. (CC), blue petals of Clitoria ternatea L. (CT) and an anthocyanin complex (AC). The method was shown to be rapid, precise and accurate within 5 20 μg/ml (r > 0.997) with limits of detection and quantitation of 0.45 and 1.52 μg/ml for cyanidin and 4.04 and 13.3 μg/ml for delphinidin, respectively. It could quantitatively detect and compare changes in cyanidin and delphinidin from the AC exposed to human gingival epithelium cells.
Study on Polyurethane Foam Insulation Materials
Authors: Lu Zhang , Xia Dan , An Zhen
Published: May 2014

The foaming reaction so that all water-gel reaction and foaming reaction to reach equilibrium, the excellent thermal insulation material was prepared by the regulation of the catalyst, a nucleating agent and an isocyanate. By experiment we know that the amount of stannous octoate catalyst 6%, 4% of the amount of nucleating agent CaCO3, and the case of 100% of the amount of isocyanate, the density of the foam material and the mechanical properties of the insulation material to achieve the best value.
Ammonia Leaching Study on Refractory Oxidised Copper Ores
Authors: Zhang Tie Min , Wei Zhi Cong , Mao Ying Bo
Published: May 2014

Ammonia leaching research is carried out on a certain oxidised copper ores. The effects of oxidized copper ores which came from Yunnan Province were studied in laboratory in order to find out the optimum leaching conditions under normal temperature and pressure. The ores belonged to typical high binding rate minerals. The optimum conditions obtained were as follows: granding fineness about 90% -0.074mm, ammonia concentration 2 mol/l, ammonium fluoride concentration 1.5mol/l , leaching time 2h, and liquid-solid ratio 3:1.The leaching rate of this ore could reach 86%.
Calculation on the Desulfurization Thermodynamic of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2 Slag System
Authors: Dong Kai , Wu Long , Liu Wen Juan
Published: May 2014

The desulfurization ability of CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2 slag at 1873 K was studied through theoretical calculation by using thermodynamic software FactSage. The effect of binary basicity is significant, compared with the mass percentage factors of Al2O3 and TiO2. Under the optimal experimental conditions, with the binary basicity is 7, the mass percentage of Al2O3 is 30 % and TiO2 is 3 %, the corresponding highest sulfur distribution coefficient for the slag are 58.14. While the content of TiO2 in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2 slag is in a range lower than 3-4 %, the desulfurization ability of the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2 slag is equal to that of the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 slag. The slag system with TiO2 can meet the desulfurization requirements of steelmaking, which is a good way for resource utilization of solid waster containing titanium.