bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Maxillary First Molar with Two Separate Palatal Roots: A Case Report
Authors: Wang Wei , Song Jian , Hu Jing , Zhang Chuang
Published: March 2022

The maxillary first molars vary in root canal morphology and
configuration, making them both diagnostic and technical challenges.
cone beam computed tomographyic (CBCT) examination is an excellent tool
for identifying and managing these complex root canal systems.
Homo-and heterofermentative lactobacilli are differently affected by lignocellulosic inhibitory compounds
Authors: Basso Thiago , Giacon Thamiris Guerra , Cunha Gabriel Caetano de Gois e , Eliodório Kevy Pontes , Oliveira Ricardo
Published: March 2022

Second generation (2G) ethanol is produced using lignocellulosic
biomass. However, the pre-treatment processes generate a variety of
molecules (furan derivatives, phenolic compounds, and organic acids)
that act as inhibitors of microbial metabolism, and thus reduce the
efficiency of the fermentation step in this process. In this context,
the present study aimed to investigate the effect of furan derivatives
on the physiology of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains that are
potential contaminants of ethanol production. Homofermentative and
heterofermentative strains of laboratory LAB and isolated from first
generation ethanol fermentation were used. LAB strains were challenged
to grow in the presence of furfural and hydroxymethyylfurfural (HMF). We
found that the effect of HMF and furfural on the growth rate of LAB is
dependent of the metabolic type, and growth kinetics in the presence of
these compounds is enhanced for heterofermentative LAB, whereas is
inhibitory to homofermentative LAB. Sugar consumption and product
formation were also enhanced in the presence of furaldehydes in
heterofermentative LAB, that displayed effective detoxification kinetics
when compared to the homofermentative LAB. This knowledge is important
because lactic acid bacteria can be explored within the scope of
bio-detoxification, as well as to guide metabolic engineering strategies
to yeast biocatalysts based on the mechanisms used by these bacteria.
Analytical integrations in boundary element method for 3D Laplace and Stokes flow problems
Authors: Han Yaochuang , Dong Hao
Published: March 2022

This paper considers the analytical technique of element integral in the
boundary element method with constant element for 3D Laplace and Stokes
flow problems. For 3D Laplace problems, the analytical integral
formulae, which are valid for an arbitrary source point, are derived.
For 3D Stokes flow problems, analytical evaluation of the integrals,
which the source point and the boundary element are in the same plane,
are proposed. These analytical formulae are applicable for arbitrary
convex polygonal planar elements. Numerical examples are given to
validate the improvement on accuracy.
Investigating liquid-fronts during spontaneous imbibition of liquids in industrial wicks. Part II: Validation by DNS
Authors: Zarandi M. Amin F. , Pillai Krishna , Hasan Abul
Published: March 2022

To validate the experimental results of Part-1, we conducted a two-phase
flow simulation of imbibition of a wetting liquid through 2D
microstructures made of ellipses of varying aspect ratios. The flow
simulation in the particulate microstructures, characterized by low
(ellipse) aspect ratio, produced somewhat even micro-fronts, thus
replicating the sharp fronts at the visual (macroscopic) scale observed
in Part-1. Whereas simulations in the fibrous microstructures produced
highly uneven micro-fronts, suggesting the formation of semi-sharp or
diffuse visual fronts. Increasing the porosity from 50% to 70%
resulted in solid-phase clustering and led to further increase in the
unevenness of micro-fronts, pointing to purely diffuse visual fronts.
The evolution of the saturation plots along the flow direction, obtained
from area-averaging of fluid-distribution plots, pointed to diffusing of
sharp fronts with time. The predictions matched our previous
experimental observations, i.e., the particulate media create sharp
fronts while the fibrous media create semi-sharp/diffuse fronts.
Mysterious Dengue-Like Virus: A case Report from Pakistan
Authors: Waseem Summaiyya , Ahmed Syed Hassan , Shaikh Taha Gul , Qadar Laila Tul , Khalid Saad , Nimavat Nirav , Hasan Mohammad Mehedi
Published: March 2022

Recently, in Pakistan, several cases of mysterious dengue-like illness
are being reported. We present a case of a 52-year-old female presenting
with a history of continuous fever, documented up to 104 F, for five
days. The symptoms were associated with headache, nausea, retro-orbital
headache, arthralgia, and myalgia.
Females have an increased risk of short-term mortality after cardiac surgery compared to males: Insights from a national database
Authors: Dixon Lauren , Dimagli Arnaldo , Tommaso Ettorino Di , Sinha Shubhra , Fudulu Daniel , Sandhu Manraj , Benedetto Umberto , Angelini Gianni
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Female sex is considered a risk factor for mortality and
morbidity following cardiac surgery. This study is the first to review
the UK adult cardiac surgery national database to compare outcomes
following surgical coronary revascularisation and valvular procedures
between females and males. Methods: Using data from National Adult
Cardiac Surgery Audit (NACSA), we identified all elective and urgent,
isolated coronary artery by-pass grafting (CABG), aortic valve
replacement (AVR) and mitral valve replacement/repair (MVR) procedures
from 2010-2018. We compared baseline data, operative data and outcomes
of mortality, stroke, renal failure, deep sternal wound infection,
return to theatre for bleeding and length of hospital stay.
Multivariable mixed-effect logistical/linear regression models were used
to assess relationships between sex and outcomes, adjusting for baseline
characteristics. Results: Females, compared to males, had greater odds
of experiencing 30-day mortality (CABG OR 1.76, CI 1.47-2.09,
p<0.001; AVR OR 1.59, CI 1.27-1.99, p<0.001; MVR OR
1.37, CI 1.09-1.71, p=0.006). After CABG, females also had higher rates
of post-operative dialysis (OR 1.31, CI 1.12-1.52, p<0.001),
deep sternal wound infections (OR 1.43, CI 1.11-1.83, p=0.005) and
longer length of hospital stay (Beta 1.2, CI 1.0-1.4, p<0.001)
compared to males. Female sex was protective against returning to
theatre for post-operative bleeding following CABG (OR 0.76, CI
0.65-0.87, p<0.001) and AVR (OR 0.72, CI 0.61-0.84,
p<0.001). Conclusion: Females in the UK have an increased risk
of short-term mortality after cardiac surgery compared to males. This
highlights the need to focus on the understanding of the causes behind
these disparities and implementation of strategies to improve outcomes
in females.
The Misnomer of Uncomplicated Type B Aortic Dissection
Authors: Bashir Mohamad , Jubouri Matti , Tan Sven Zhen Cian Patrick , Bailey Damian , Velayudhan Bashi , Idhrees Mohammed , Wong Randolph , Czerny Martin , Chen Edward P. , Girardi Leonard , Coselli Joseph , Williams Ian
Published: March 2022

Background: Acute type B aortic dissection (TBAD) is a rare condition
that can be divided into complicated (CoTBAD) and uncomplicated
(UnCoTBAD) based on certain presenting clinical and radiological
features, with UnCoTBAD constituting the majority of TBAD cases. The
classification of TBAD directly affects the treatment pathway taken,
however, there remains confusion as to exactly what differentiates
complicated from uncomplicated TBAD. Aims: The scope of this review is
to delineate the literature defining the intervention parameters for
UnCoTBAD. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using
multiple electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE to
collate and summarize all research evidence on intervention parameters
and protocols for UnCoTBAD. Results: A TBAD without evidence of
malperfusion or rupture might be classified as uncomplicated but there
remains a subgroup who might exhibit high-risk features. Two clinical
features representative of “high risk” are refractory pain and
persistent hypertension. First line treatment for CoTBAD is TEVAR, and
whilst this has also proven its safety and effectiveness in UnCoTBAD, it
is still being managed conservatively. However, TBAD is a dynamic
pathology and a significant proportion of UnCoTBADs can progress to
become complicated, thus necessitating more complex intervention. While
the “high risk” UnCoTBAD do benefit the most from TEVAR, yet, the
defining parameters are still debatable as this benefit can be extended
to a wider UnCoTBAD population. Conclusion: Uncomplicated TBAD remains a
misnomer as it is frequently representative of a complex ongoing disease
process requiring very close monitoring in a critical care setting. A
clear diagnostic pathway may improve decision making following a
diagnosis of UnCoTBAD. Choice of treatment still predominantly depends
on when an equilibrium might be reached where the risks of TEVAR
outweigh the natural history of the dissection in both the short- and
long-term.
Adverse effects of gender-affirming hormonal therapy in transgender persons: assessing reports in the French Pharmacovigilance Database
Authors: YELEHE MELISSA , Klein Marc , Aridi Layal El , Maurier Anais , Gillet Pierre , Feigerlova Eva
Published: March 2022

Objective: Limited data are available on adverse drug reactions (ADRs)
of gender-affirming hormone therapy (HT), mainly due to the lack of
population-based studies with adequate controls, thus making spontaneous
reporting systems a valuable tool to detect potential side reactions. In
this nationwide retrospective study, we aimed to analyze ADRs related to
gender-affirming HT reported in the French pharmacovigilance database
(FPVD). Design: We requested all the individual case safety reports
related to gender-affirming HT recorded in the FPVD before the 27th of
May 2020. We excluded previously published cases and those for which
gender-affirming hormone therapy was not the suspected drug. Results: A
total of 28 reports of ADRs were identified. Six concerned transgender
men (age range 21-40 years) and 22 transgender women (age range 22-68
years). In transgender men taking testosterone enanthate, all reported
adverse effects were cardiovascular events with pulmonary embolism in
50% of cases. In transgender women, antiandrogens, mainly cyproterone
acetate, were involved in 68% of cases. Estrogens were involved in 77%
of cases, mostly in association with progestin or cyproterone acetate.
Meningioma was the principal ADR, followed by cardiovascular events.
Conclusions: Our data show a previously unreported and non-negligible
proportion of cases indicating cardiovascular ADRs in transgender men
younger than 40 years, taking testosterone enanthate. In transgender
women, cardiovascular events were the second most frequently reported
ADR. Further research is necessary to identify risk factors that might
help to the individualization of treatment strategies. There is a
necessity to increase awareness and implement preventive and education
measures.
Utility of hand-held ultrasound performed by cardiology fellows in patients presenting with suspected ST elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Samaeekia Ravand , Jolly George , Marais Ryan , Amini Reza , Abramov Dimitry , Abudayyeh Islam
Published: March 2022

Background: In academic hospitals, cardiology fellows may be
the first point of contact for patients presenting with suspected STE
elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or acute coronary syndrome
(ACS). In this study, we sought to determine the role of handheld
ultrasound (HHU) in patients with suspected acute MI (AMI) when used by
fellows in training, its association with year of training in cardiology
fellowship, and its influence on clinical care. Methods: This
prospective study’s sample population was comprised of patients who
presented to Loma Linda University Medical Center Emergency Department
with suspected acute STEMI. On call cardiology fellows performed bedside
cardiac HHU at time of AMI activation. All patients subsequently
underwent standard TTE. The impact of the detection of WMA on HHU in
regards to clinical decision making, including whether the patient would
undergo urgent invasive angiography, was also evaluated.
Results: 82 patients (mean age 65 years, 70% male) were
included. The use of HHU by cardiology fellows resulted in a concordance
correlation coefficient of 0.71 (95% confidence interval: 0.58 - 0.81)
between HHU and TTE for LVEF, and a concordance correlation coefficient
of 0.76 (0.65 - 0.84) for wall motion score index (WMSI). Patients with
WMA on HHU were more likely to undergo invasive angiogram during
hospitalization (96% vs 75%, p<0.01). The time interval
between performance of HHU to initiation of cardiac catheterization
(time-to-cath) was shorter in patients with abnormal vs normal HHU exams
(58 ± 32 minutes versus 218 ± 388 min, p=0.06). Lastly, among patients
who underwent angiography, those with WMA were more likely to undergo
angiography within 90 minutes of presentation (96% vs 66%,
p<0.001). Conclusion: HHU can be reliably used by
cardiology fellows in training for measurement of LVEF and assessment of
wall motion abnormalities, with good correlation to findings obtained
via standard TTE. HHU-identified WMA at first contact were associated
with higher rates of angiography as well as sooner angiography compared
to patients without WMA.
Applying machine learning methods to river topography prediction under different data abundances
Authors: Liu Yang , Yang Zhonghua , Li Wenhai , Li Ming
Published: March 2022

Fast and accurate prediction of river topography is very important for
river management and channel regulation. In river simulation, river
topography prediction is usually performed using either physical or
numerical models, but the former is labor-intensive and the latter
suffers from computational efficiency problems. In recent years, machine
learning has introduced new insights into many fields, and with the
upgrading and development of emerging topographic measurement
technologies, high-frequency river topographic data acquisition has
become possible, as has the introduction of machine learning algorithms
in river topographic prediction problems. In this study, three machine
learning models are developed for river topography prediction under four
different data abundance conditions, and the prediction results of
different models are evaluated. The results show that the effect of data
abundance on prediction accuracy is much greater than that of machine
learning models in the river topography prediction problem, and all
three machine learning models can achieve satisfactory accuracy when the
data abundance is sufficient. The prediction accuracy and robustness
increase with the complexity of machine learning models. As the data
abundance decreases, the prediction accuracy of the machine learning
models gradually decreases, and the prediction accuracy of the more
complex machine learning models gradually approaches or is even lower
than that of the less complex machine learning models. The model
prediction error contours also show that the errors are spatially
correlated and distributed in strips along the river flow direction.
This work improves understanding of the effect of data abundance and
model selection on river topography prediction problems. It also
contributes to the introduction of machine learning models into river
simulation as well as the advancement of river bathymetry equipment and
techniques.
Mapping changes in the Environmentally Sensitive Areas to Desertification in Mainland Portugal (2000-2020)
Authors: Cerqueira Henrique , Roxo Maria José , Álvaro Carlos
Published: March 2022

Susceptibility to desertification increases as climate change leads to
warmer and drier conditions, increasing fire risk and restricting plant
growth. In Mainland Portugal, the regions with increasing aridity have
also been subject to major changes in the socio-economic tissue, with
population loss, larger farm areas and the overreach of irrigated
agriculture to marginal lands leading to an increase in land use
intensity. However, the last effort to map environmentally sensitive
areas to desertification in mainland Portugal was in 2004. This study
aims to apply an adapted Medalus method for mapping environmentally
sensitive areas to desertification at the national level in mainland
Portugal over twenty years (2000-2020). Results show both an increase in
areas susceptible to desertification (58% to 74% of the country) and
in intensity (50% to 59% of the area classified as ‘very highly’ or
‘critically’ susceptible). Desertification is a growing threat,
especially for rural areas in inner and southern Portugal. This is
mainly due to increasing aridity and land use intensity. Future studies
should focus on understanding the controlling factors at the landscape
and property scale, as well as including other variables such as soil
carbon content and land management practices.
The practicalities of suspended sediment load estimation in South Africa
Authors: Bannatyne Laura , Foster Ian , Rowntree K.M. , Waal Bennie van der
Published: March 2022

In many parts of South Africa, soil erosion rates are high, and likely
to be exacerbated by the longer droughts and more intense rainfall that
are predicted in long-term regional climate change scenarios. Suspended
sediment loads (SSL) and yields (SSY) are accepted means of expressing
and comparing sediment transport and soil erosion rates. Land care and
water security initiatives in South Africa require these data to provide
benchmarking, and trajectories of change. International researchers
began in the 1970s to investigate SSL estimation approaches. These
investigations typically used near-continuous turbidity data from
installed probes as a surrogate for sampled SS, and auto-samplers to
monitor SS concentration and develop sediment rating curves. Biophysical
and socio-economic conditions in South Africa differ markedly from the
northern hemisphere environments where foundational studies were
conducted. SSL estimations in South Africa are associated with extreme
hydrological regimes, remote study areas and lack the resources required
to collect and analyse representative SS data. There is a dearth of
measured SS data, and of observed SSL and SSY for South African
catchments. Using measured SS data from the Tsitsa River catchment
(Eastern Cape, South Africa) we found that a discharge-weighted
interpolation estimator was more appropriate than regression estimators,
and that SSY responses to biophysical factors were in some ways more
similar to northern hemisphere norms than expected. Lack of technical,
infrastructural, human and financial resources were our main constraints
to monitoring and estimating SSY. Our findings highlight the challenges
of, and provide some guidance for, estimating directly measured SSL in
the southern Africa region and inform future research in resource scarce
areas.
Some aspects of diagnosis and treatment of superior mesenteriс artery syndrome (comments on a clinical case)
Authors: Rojnoveanu Gheorghe , Bernic Valentin , Scerbatiuc-Condur Corina , Rotaru Mihai , Gafton Victor , Carciumaru Petru
Published: March 2022

The result of the study includes the data obtained by analyzing a
clinical case of upper mesenteric artery syndrome, as well as
statistical data and analysis of the literature in this field. The
specificity of this case consists in the severity of the complication of
a benign malformative disease.
Occlusion of femoral artery using foley catheter: a REBOA inspired tale to save a life
Authors: Papan Amir , Husseinzade Mofid , Heydari Kamran , Hamidi Hossein
Published: March 2022

we report a case of lower extremity hemorrhage refractory to usual
methods of bleeding control, which was controlled using a Folley
catheter which was placed in to external iliac artery.
Non-traumatic myositis ossificans circumscripta in the anterior abdominal wall of a seven years old Ugandan child: a case report
Authors: Isse Hamdi , Sereke Senai , Mboizi Vincent , Zeridah Muyinda
Published: March 2022

Myositis ossificans circumscripta (MOC) is a benign, self-limiting
heterotopic ossification in the subcutaneous fat, tendons, muscles, and
nerves. It is commonly due to trauma and is frequently encountered in
the arm, shoulder, thigh, and hand which are prone to trauma.
Non-traumatic MOC arising from the abdominal muscles is extremely rare
Impact of centrifuge types and parameters to growth factor and cytokine levels of platelet-rich fibrin
Authors: Ozgur Mehmet , Buber Esra , Demir Becen , Karabulut Erdem , Ilhan Dilek , Akbiyik Filiz , Keceli H. Gencay
Published: April 2022

Background: Full consensus optimizing the PRF preparation protocols
could not be established yet. This study aimed to compare two
commercially available centrifuges at various g and time protocols in
terms of their influence on growth factor and cytokine values. Methods:
Blood samples from 10 individuals were centrifuged either with PRF Duo®
or Intra-Spin® device for PRF preparation. Values for PRF Duo® were
adjusted to ~200g, ~400g,
~600g, ~800g and 10, 12, 14min while
~400g, 12min (control) was set for Intra-Spin®. PRF
clots were embedded into well plates containing Dulbecco’s Modified
Eagle’s Medium and PDGF-AB, TGF-β1 and IL-1β quantities at days 1, 3 and
7 were calculated by using ELISA kits. Results: Control and
~600g groups demonstrated prolonged PDGF-AB release
compared to others whereas ~200g showed a tendency of
burst release. A high and prolonged release pattern similar to control
was detected in the 10min group. ~200g and
~600g groups showed high TGF-β1 release at day 1 and
then, their release amounts reduced while an increase from day 1 to 3
was observed at only control group. Apart from the higher release at
~800g group, IL-1β release was similar for all study
groups. Conclusions: In terms of growth factor and cytokine release,
Intra-Spin® might be preferred instead of PRF Duo®. The recommended
protocol of Intra-Spin® may give the best release outcomes for PRF Duo®.
In order to confirm the results, further studies are needed.
Cardiac Paraganglioma: An Incidental Finding During Workup for Angina
Authors: Zuckerman Aaron , Qamar Arman , Vaynblat Mikhail , Koeckert Michael , Zhou Fang , Babaev Anvar
Published: April 2022

Cardiac paragangliomas are extremely rare cardiac masses. Our patient
presented with angina secondary to coronary atherosclerosis and was
incidentally found to have a large cardiac mass on coronary angiography.
He underwent a full imaging workup and ultimately excision of the mass.
Final pathology demonstrated paraganglioma. This case illustrates the
presentation, workup, and definitive treatment of this rare tumor.
Evaluation of the durability of bio-prosthetic versus mechanical valves for mitral valve replacement
Authors: Hadizadeh Alireza , Tafti Seyed Hossein Amadi , Abbasi Kyomars , davoodi saeed , shafie Mahan
Published: April 2022

Introduction Mitral valve diseases affect 18.1 million people every
year, and the increased life expectancy has led to increased
disability-adjusted life-years. Depending on the type of valve that is
used to replace mitral valves, the type of complications differs. While
a bioprosthetic valve has a lower bleeding risk than a mechanical valve,
the overall durability is generally lower. However, the novel
generations of valves are suggested to have better durability. This
study was conducted to assess the durability and complications of either
type of valve. Materials and methods This study is a retrospective
cohort study that assesses the risk factors, complications, performance
and durability of valves in short and long follow up. The cases of this
study included all patients who had undergone valvuloplasty from 2004 to
2014. Results The results show that the mortality rate and admission
duration is not significantly different between the two types of valves.
However, reoperation rates are higher among bioprosthetic valves by
three times. Cardiac tamponade, pleural effusion, and valvular
thrombosis rates are higher among mechanical valves in the short term,
while GI bleeding, valvular thrombosis, valvular thrombectomy rates are
more prevalent with mechanical valves in the long term. Conclusion While
bioprosthetic valves inflict more minor complications their overall
durability is less than mechanical valves.
The enteric virome of cats with feline panleukopenia differs in abundance and diversity from healthy cats
Authors: Barrs Vanessa , Brussel Kate Van , Wang Xiuwan , Shi Mang , Carrai Maura , Feng Shuo , Li Jun , Holmes Edward , Beatty Julia
Published: April 2022

Feline panleukopenia (FPL) is a severe, often fatal disease caused by
feline parvovirus (FPV). How infection with FPV might impact the
composition of the entire eukaryotic enteric virome in cats has not been
characterized. We used metatranscriptomic and viral particle enrichment
metagenomic approaches to characterize the enteric viromes of 23 cats
naturally infected with FPV (FPV-cases) and 36 age-matched healthy
shelter cats (healthy controls). Sequencing reads were detected from 11
mammalian infecting viral families mostly belonging to
Coronaviridae, Parvoviridae and Astroviridae. Among the
healthy control cats the most abundant viruses were Feline coronavirus,
Mamastrovirus 2 and Carnivore bocaparvovirus 3 (Feline
bocavirus 1) with frequent co-infections of all three. Feline
chaphamaparvovirus was only detected in healthy controls (6/36, 16.7%).
Among the FPV-cases, in addition to FPV, the most abundant viruses were
Mamastrovirus2, Feline coronavirus and Carnivore
bocaparvovirus 4 (Feline bocaparvovirus 2). The latter and Feline
bocaparvovirus 3 were detected significantly more frequently in
FPV-cases than in healthy controls. Feline calicivirus was
present in a high proportion of FPV-cases (11/23, 47.8%) compared to
healthy controls (5/36, 13.9%, p=0.0067). Feline kobuvirus infections
were also common among FPV-cases (9/23, 39.1%) and were not detected in
any healthy control cats (p<0.0001). While abundant in both
groups, astroviruses were more frequently present in FPV-cases (19/23,
82.6%) than in healthy controls (18/36, p=0.0142). The differences in
eukaryotic virome composition found in this study indicate that further
investigations to determine associations between enteric viral
co-infections on clinical disease severity in cats with FPL are
warranted.
A low-cost AR training system for manual assembly operations
Authors: Lavric Traian , Bricard Emmanuel , Preda Marius , Zaharia Titus
Published: March 2022

This research work proposes an AR training system adapted to industry, designed by considering key challenges identified during a long-term case study conducted in a boiler-manufacturing factory. The proposed system relies on lowcost visual assets (i.e., text, image, video, and predefined auxiliary content) and requires solely a head-mounted display (HMD) device (i.e., Hololens 2) for both authoring and training. We evaluate our proposal in a real-world use case by conducting a field study and two field experiments, involving 5 assembly workstations and 30 participants divided into 2 groups: (i) low-cost group (G-LA) and (ii) computeraided design (CAD)-based group (G-CAD). The most significant findings are as follows. The error rate of 2.2% reported by G-LA during the first assembly cycle (WEC) suggests that low-cost visual assets are sufficient for effectively delivering manual assembly expertise via AR to novice workers. Our comparative evaluation shows that CAD-based AR instructions lead to faster assembly (-7%, -18% and -24% over 3 assembly cycles) but persuade lower user attentiveness, eventually leading to higher error rates (+38% during the WEC). The overall decrease of the instructions reading time by 47% and by 35% in the 2nd and 3rd assembly cycles, respectively, suggest that participants become less dependent on the AR work instructions rapidly. By considering these findings, we question the worthiness of authoring CAD-based AR work instructions in similar industrial use cases.
Can Faster Aspart Be Used to Optimize Glycemic Control With Insulin Pump Therapy? From Expectations to Lessons Learned After a Year of Use in the United States
Authors: Aleppo Grazia , Bode Bruce , Carlson Anders L.
Published: April 2022

Fast-acting insulin aspart (faster aspart) is an ultra-rapid-acting formulation of insulin aspart developed to more closely match the prandial endogenous insulin profile, and its accelerated absorption kinetics are expected to provide clinical benefits for patients using insulin pump therapy. A head-to-head trial versus the original insulin aspart formulation in pump therapy did not demonstrate superiority of faster aspart in terms of A1C reduction, but pump settings were not optimized for the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of faster aspart. Nevertheless, meal test and continuous glucose monitoring data suggest that faster aspart is beneficial for postprandial glucose control, and a case study is presented illustrating excellent results using this insulin in pump therapy. Frequent blood glucose monitoring and appropriate patient education are vital for success.
Improving Quality Outcomes: The Value of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists
Authors: Rodriguez Kellie , Ryan Donna , Dickinson Jane K. , Phan Victor
Published: April 2022

Given the growing prevalence and accelerating cost of diabetes, there is an urgent need to expand strategies in health care that improve access and outcomes and reduce the financial and human burden of the disease. Diabetes care and education specialists (DCESs) are well positioned to assist health care systems with delivery models that enhance diabetes care through evidence-based standards and quality improvement strategies. DCESs have increased opportunities to apply their competencies in primary, specialty, hospital, and acute care settings; accountable care organizations; community settings; research; and academia. Two national certification programs provide an evidence-based foundation for quality in the specialty, with updated competencies guiding practice. This article serves as a call to action for health care systems to integrate specialists in diabetes care and education into diabetes care delivery models and raise awareness of the positive impact these professionals have on the lives of people with diabetes.
Leptin Signaling Suppression in Macrophages Improves Immunometabolic Outcomes in Obesity
Authors: Monteiro Lauar de Brito , Prodonoff Juliana Silveira , Favero de Aguiar Cristhiane , Correa-da-Silva Felipe , Castoldi Angela , Bakker Nikki van Teijlingen , Davanzo Gustavo Gastão , Castelucci Bianca , Pereira Jéssica Aparecida da Silva , Curtis Jonathan , Büscher Jörg , Reis Larissa Menezes dos , Castro Gisele , Ribeiro Guilherme , Virgílio-da-Silva João Victor , Adamoski Douglas , Dias Sandra Martha Gomes , Consonni Silvio Roberto , Donato Jose , Pearce Edward J. , Câmara Niels Olsen Saraiva , Moraes-Vieira Pedro M.
Published: April 2022

Obesity is a major concern for global health care systems. Systemic low-grade inflammation in obesity is a major risk factor for insulin resistance. Leptin is an adipokine secreted by the adipose tissue that functions by controlling food intake, leading to satiety. Leptin levels are increased in obesity. Here, we show that leptin enhances the effects of LPS in macrophages, intensifying the production of cytokines, glycolytic rates, and morphological and functional changes in the mitochondria through an mTORC2-dependent, mTORC1-independent mechanism. Leptin also boosts the effects of IL-4 in macrophages, leading to increased oxygen consumption, expression of macrophage markers associated with a tissue repair phenotype, and wound healing. In vivo, hyperleptinemia caused by diet-induced obesity increases the inflammatory response by macrophages. Deletion of leptin receptor and subsequently of leptin signaling in myeloid cells (ObR−/−) is sufficient to improve insulin resistance in obese mice and decrease systemic inflammation. Our results indicate that leptin acts as a systemic nutritional checkpoint to regulate macrophage fitness and contributes to obesity-induced inflammation and insulin resistance. Thus, specific interventions aimed at downstream modulators of leptin signaling may represent new therapeutic targets to treat obesity-induced systemic inflammation.
Urinary Proteomics Identifies Cathepsin D as a Biomarker of Rapid eGFR Decline in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Limonte Christine P. , Valo Erkka , Drel Viktor , Natarajan Loki , Darshi Manjula , Forsblom Carol , Henderson Clark M. , Hoofnagle Andrew N. , Ju Wenjun , Kretzler Matthias , Montemayor Daniel , Nair Viji , Nelson Robert G. , O’Toole John F. , Toto Robert D. , Rosas Sylvia E. , Ruzinski John , Sandholm Niina , Schmidt Insa M. , Vaisar Tomas , Waikar Sushrut S. , Zhang Jing , Rossing Peter , Ahluwalia Tarunveer S. , Groop Per-Henrik , Pennathur Subramaniam , Snell-Bergeon Janet K. , Costacou Tina , Orchard Trevor J. , Sharma Kumar , de Boer Ian H. ,   for the Kidney Precision Medicine Project
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

Understanding mechanisms underlying rapid estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline is important to predict and treat kidney disease in type 1 diabetes (T1D).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We performed a case-control study nested within four T1D cohorts to identify urinary proteins associated with rapid eGFR decline. Case and control subjects were categorized based on eGFR decline ≥3 and <1 mL/min/1.73 m2/year, respectively. We used targeted liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry to measure 38 peptides from 20 proteins implicated in diabetic kidney disease. Significant proteins were investigated in complementary human cohorts and in mouse proximal tubular epithelial cell cultures.

RESULTS

The cohort study included 1,270 participants followed a median 8 years. In the discovery set, only cathepsin D peptide and protein were significant on full adjustment for clinical and laboratory variables. In the validation set, associations of cathepsin D with eGFR decline were replicated in minimally adjusted models but lost significance with adjustment for albuminuria. In a meta-analysis with combination of discovery and validation sets, the odds ratio for the association of cathepsin D with rapid eGFR decline was 1.29 per SD (95% CI 1.07–1.55). In complementary human cohorts, urine cathepsin D was associated with tubulointerstitial injury and tubulointerstitial cathepsin D expression was associated with increased cortical interstitial fractional volume. In mouse proximal tubular epithelial cell cultures, advanced glycation end product–BSA increased cathepsin D activity and inflammatory and tubular injury markers, which were further increased with cathepsin D siRNA.

CONCLUSIONS

Urine cathepsin D is associated with rapid eGFR decline in T1D and reflects kidney tubulointerstitial injury.
Circulating Metabolites Associate with and Improve the Prediction of All-Cause Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Scarale Maria Giovanna , Mastroianno Mario , Prehn Cornelia , Copetti Massimiliano , Salvemini Lucia , Adamski Jerzy , Cosmo Salvatore De , Trischitta Vincenzo , Menzaghi Claudia
Published: March 2022

Death rate is increased in type 2 diabetes. Unraveling
biomarkers of novel pathogenic pathways capable to identify high-risk patients
is instrumental to tackle this burden. We investigated the association between
serum metabolites and all-cause mortality in type 2 diabetes and then, whether the
associated metabolites mediate the effect of inflammation on mortality risk and
improve ENFORCE and RECODe, two well-established all-cause mortality prediction
models in diabetes.

Two cohorts
comprising 856 individuals (279 all-cause deaths) were analyzed. Serum
metabolites (n=188) and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (n=7) were
measured.

In the pooled
analysis, hexanoylcarnitine, kynurenine and tryptophan were significantly and
independently associated with mortality (HRs, [95%CIs] 1.60, [1.43-1.80]; 1.53,
[1.37-1.71]; 0.71, [0.62-0.80] per 1SD). The kynurenine/tryptophan ratio (KTR-a
proxy of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase which degrades tryptophan to kynurenine
and contribute to a pro-inflammatory status) mediated 42% of the significant association
between the anti-atherogenic IL-13 and mortality. Adding the three metabolites
improved discrimination and reclassification (all P<0.01) of both mortality
prediction models.

In type 2
diabetes, hexanoylcarnitine, tryptophan and kynurenine are associated to and
improve the prediction of all-cause mortality. Further studies are needed to
investigate whether interventions aimed at reducing KTR, also reduce the risk
of death especially in patients with low IL-13.
Benefits and Students’ Perception on Role-Play Teaching Technique: Progressive & Fun Learning Experiences in Brunei
Authors: Yusof Norazmie , Alas Yabit
Published: March 2022

This paper presents a preliminary study on the teaching and learning of one of Brunei ethnic languages at The Language Centre, Universiti Brunei Darussalam (LCUBD henceforth). Dusun language is one of the ethnic languages still spoken in Brunei and is considered an endangered ethnic language. Research has shown that the usage of this language has been decreasing in recent decades due to factors such as migration and language choice. LCUBD has taken proactive measures by offering Dusun language as one of the elec-tive courses at the center. This study aimed to identify the benefits of using role-play in learning Dusun language and identify students’ perception of role-play activities in Dusun language class. Likert scale ques-tionnaires and open-ended questions were employed to collect data on 71 students who were enrolled in the LY-1433 Dusun I (basic) course. The result of the study suggested that role-play activity was suitable for the students, fun and entertaining, and could increase their confidence Apart from that a positive student-teacher relationship also played a big role during the learning process of ethnic language. Overall, role-play can be recommended as one of the teaching techniques to teach minority ethnic language.
Aplicación de la Estrategia Multimodal de Higiene de Manos en el Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo. Enero a Diciembre del 2017
Authors: Salazar Viviana , Sánchez J. , Tufiño V. , Valle M. , Bastidas N. , Suntaxi M. , Pozo A. , Peña A.
Published: March 2022

Introducción: Las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud, son un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial y para su prevención y control es necesario contar con sistemas de vigilancia permanente y aplicar medidas de probada evidencia. La Organización Mundial de la Salud lanzó el programa de Higiene de manos, con probados beneficios. Por ello para mejorar la adherencia a la higiene de manos en el personal sanitario del hospital Espejo, se implementó este proyecto piloto.

Objetivo: Evaluar la aplicación de la Estrategia Multimodal de Higiene de Manos.

Lugar: en el Hospital de Especialidades Eugenio Espejo

Tiempo: desde enero a diciembre del 2017.

Diseño: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo.

Resultados: Al analizar los resultados obtenidos se ve que la mayor adherencia a la higiene de manos es el segundo momento (antes de una actividad aséptica) con un porcentaje del 78,3%, mientras que la menor adherencia es durante el quinto momento (después del contacto con el entorno) con el 36,6%. Sin embargo luego de la aplicación de la estrategia se evidencia un incremento de esta adherencia del 9,54 al 28,3% en tres de los momentos. Igualmente se evidencia un incremento en la utilización de alcohol gel lo cual es un indicador del impacto que tienen las capacitaciones en el personal de salud del hospital.

Conclusiones: Con la aplicación de la estrategia se evidenció un incremento en la adherencia de higiene de manos por parte del personal de salud.
Organisaatioviestinnän päivitetyt perusopit
Authors: Karvonen Erkki
Published: March 2022

Arvio teoksesta: Juholin, Elisa. 2022. Communicare! Ota viestinnän ilmiöt ja strategiat haltuun. 8. uusittu laitos. Helsinki: Infor/Management Institute of Finland MIF Oy, 400 s.
Review of Event
Authors: Kilipiris Evangelos
Published: March 2022

24th Congress of the European Association for
Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (EACMFS2018)
18-21 September 2018 ─ Munich ─ Germany

“Facing the future together”... what an amazing beauty of words and its meaning. The social media (Figs 1, 2) continues to give us so many advantages, they can help us to communicate, to catch and share the incredible moments of success, to be and watch simultaneously at the hottest events in different corners of the world. But feelings,… emotions,… personal connection… and building trust can be achieved in the best way only being at the Congress… at 24th Congress of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery (www.eacmfs2018.com). 18-21 of September was the hottest and the most anticipated days among OMF and H&N surgeons, residents, and trainees. In that days all roads come to Munich. The city brought so much new connections, inspiration and so needed motivation. Wolff, Rodriguez (Fig 2), Fernandes, Rana, D`Cruz, Turvey, Gilbert, Parmar et al, those names continue to sound in our minds, being the guiding stars in our surgical life. And we start dreaming again… dreaming about 25th Congress in Paris (September 15-18, 2020).
Mood Management as Mediator in Consumer Motivation and Impulsive Buying Relationship
Authors: Watang Kirenius Conny Chapry , Miswanto Miswanto
Published: April 2022

This study aims to test the relationship between consumer motivation and impulsive buying and the role of mood management as a mediator in the relationship between consumer motivation and impulsive buying. This study aims to determine the effect of hedonic motivation, cool motivation, socialization motivation on mood management and impulsive buying, especially for clothing products. Researchers used quantitative methods by collecting data through a questionnaire. The sample in this study were women who were at least 17 years old as many as 200 people. The finding of this research is that hedonic motivation, cool motivation, socialization motivation had a significant effect on mood management and impulsive buying. Hedonic motivation and socialization motivation have a significant effect on mood management, while cool motivation has no significant effect on mood management. Mood management has a significant effect on impulsive buying. Marketers need to study consumer motivation to increase sales through impulsive buying because consumer motivation and mood greatly influence purchasing decisions. Marketers need to pay attention to their marketing strategies to match the motivation of consumers who are the target market.
Corn Yield in Monoculture and Intercropped with Cover Plants and Aggregates Stability
Authors: Seidel Edleusa P. , Mendes Lucas A. , Stein Jandrei M.
Published: March 2022

The cultivation of corn intercropped with cover crops has been increasing in the western region of Paraná. However, more technical information about this type of cultivation is needed. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the yield of corn intercropped with brachiaria and crotalaria and its effect on aggregate stability and soil consistency. The experiment was carried out at the experimental station of Cooperativa Agrícola Mista Rondon (Copagril), in the city of Marechal Cândido Rondon. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 8 replications. There were six treatments for corn cultivation (T1) Corn monoculture (control), (T2) Corn intercropped with Brachiaria (Brachiaria ruzizienses), (T3) Brachiaria in monoculture, (T4) Crotalaria spectabilis (Crotalaria spectabilis) in monoculture, (T5) Corn intercropped with Crotalaria, (T6) Black oats (Avena sativum) in monoculture. Corn yield in intercropping, dry matter added to the soil, aggregate stability and soil consistency were evaluated. The yield of corn intercropped with cover crops was similar to that of corn in monoculture. The cultivation of Brachiaria ruziziensis in monoculture or intercropped with corn produced a large amount of straw and favored soil aggregation. Therefore, the intercropping systems are recommended for the improvement of soil physical properties and the conservation of soil.
The Status of Research for the Management of the Banana Weevil, Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Bakaze Elyeza , Tinzaara William , Gold Cliff , Kubiriba Jerome
Published: March 2022

The banana weevil Cosmopolites sordidus (Germar) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae] is a major pest of East African highland bananas and plantains. Its larvae bore in corm tissue damaging the root system, disrupting nutrient and water uptake, compromising plant anchorage, reducing yield, and shortening plantation life. Yield losses in bananas and plantains may exceed 50%. Available technologies for the management of the pest include cultural control, biological control, and chemical control. These methods may be costly, labor intensive, or ecologically unsustainable. Such effects, together with developed pesticide resistance, have led to various efforts searching for sustainable alternatives. To achieve this, there is a need to understand the biology of the pest and the currently available management options which includes use of cultural practices, resistant banana varieties, biological and microbial control, pheromone trapping and chemical and botanical insecticides. This article reviews the research status concerning C. sordidus biology, distribution, management options, including current innovations such as genome editing, and suggests future research directions for the management of the pest. Research findings suggest that no single control strategy will provide complete control. The integration of appropriate conventional C. sordidus management options with genetic engineering and other ecologically friendly methods such as use of botanicals and infochemicals will manage the pest and sustainably increase banana production.
Studies on Nutrient and Mineral Contents of Fluted Pumpkin Grown in NPK Solution
Authors: Agogbua Josephine U. , Okonwu Kalu , Akonye Love A. , Mensah Stephen I.
Published: March 2022

Studies on nutrient and mineral contents of fluted pumpkin, Telfairia occidentalis Hooker fil. leaves grown in different NPK 20-10-10 solutions. The solutions varied in the amount of NPK (20-10-10) and granules (25 g, 50 g, 75 g, 100 g, 125 g and 150 g, respectively) dissolved in water containing micronutrients. The growth media were M25NPK, M50NPK, M75NPK, M100NPK, M125NPK, M150NPK, and Control. Two-week old seedlings of fluted pumpkin raised using River-sand were transferred into the growth media; in four replicates. The nutrient (proximate composition, vitamins, and amino acids) and minerals were determined 5 weeks after planting (WAP) following standard procedures. Among the growth media, fluted pumpkin grown in M125NPK medium had the highest energy level (1622.12 KJ/100 g) while the lowest energy content (1437.43 KJ/100g) was recorded at M25NPK medium. Fluted pumpkin grown in M25NPK medium had the lowest percentage crude fibre content, crude fat, fatty acid when compared with other growth media. The leaves grown in M75NPK medium had the highest value for total vitamins (water-soluble and fat-soluble). The percentage ratio of EAA to NEAA for the growth media was Control (42.33:57.67), M25NPK (38.88:61.12), M50NPK (40.45:59.55), M75NPK (42.06:57.94), M100NPK (41.04:58.96), M125NPK (45.97:54.03) and M150NPK (41.54:58.46). The results recorded indicated that the proportion of the minerals varied in the hydroponic solutions. The nutrient contents of fluted pumpkin leaves grown in the NPK 20-10-10 media varied at P ≤ 0.05. The proportion of mineral elements in fluted pumpkin leaves grown under different concentrations of NPK media at 5 WAP varies in their concentrations.