bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
8254 The Risk Of Thrombotic Complications In Patients With Post-COVID Syndrome Is High Even With Normal Coagulogram Values
Authors: ALIEVA Anna
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: A. Alieva: None.

The high risk of thrombotic complications in patients with diabetes, even more increased in the post-Covid period, requires practicing physicians to be especially vigilant and carefully monitor the state of the hemostatic system and the function of the vascular endothelium. Routine laboratory tests may be insufficient for dynamic monitoring and timely detection of abnormalities. In this article, the author proposes the determination of cell adhesion molecules as a predictor of thrombotic complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the post-Covid period. In our current study, VCAM-1 levels were elevated in all patients with type 2 diabetes within 24 months of COVID-19 infection and were not associated with increased von Willebrand factor or D-dimer or other coagulation abnormalities. This means that routine determination of coagulogram, D-dimer and von Willebrand factor may miss the stage of prothrombotic changes in the microvasculature. It is possible that an increase in the level of cell adhesion molecules precedes the appearance of other abnormalities in the hemostasiogram. Therefore, for patients with type 2 diabetes after a coronavirus infection with normal coagulogram values, it seems promising to determine the level of VCAM-1 molecules to prevent the occurrence of thrombotic complications. In addition, monitoring this indicator may be useful in determining the effectiveness of preventive therapy.

Presentation: 6/3/2024
9366 The Rnf20 Histone Modifier Is A Crucial Mediator Of Pancreatic Beta Cell Identity And Function
Authors: Pierre Tanya Hans , Liu Yanping , Bethea Maigen Michelle , Coutinho Kristen , Hunter Chad
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: T.H. Pierre: None. Y. Liu: None. M.M. Bethea: None. K. Coutinho: None. C. Hunter: None.

Diabetes is characterized by the loss of pancreatic β-cell mass. As diabetes incidence continues to elevate, it is critical that we develop a better understanding of the factors that define functional β-cells in order to improve current therapeutics. One approach is through the study of transcription factors (TFs), which are essential for β-cell development and function. Prior work from our lab and others has examined Islet-1 (Isl1) a LIM-homeodomain TF that is required for the maturation of the endocrine pancreas and adult β-cell function. We have also extensively characterized several Isl1-interacting co-regulators (e.g., Ldb1 and SSBP3) that facilitate its roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis. Most recently, we have identified that Isl1 interacts with the ubiquitin ligases Ring Finger 20 (Rnf20) and Rnf40, whose histone H2B monoubiquitation (H2Bub1) activity support the gene regulatory functions of Isl1. With in vitro experiments, we demonstrated that Rnf20 and Rnf40 are important for glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and mediate the expression of β-cell identity genes. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that Isl1-Rnf complexes modify histones to regulate β-cell gene expression and function. To address this hypothesis in vivo, we developed an adult inducible β-cell knockout of Rnf20 (Rnf20Δβ-cell). Rnf20Δβ-cell mice display fasting hyperglycemia and severe glucose intolerance that is driven by impaired GSIS, reduced insulin content, and the dysregulation of critical β-cell genes including Ins1, Ucn3, and Slc2a2. Additionally, loss of Rnf20 perturbs insulin processing and overall β-cell maturation as observed by measurement of proinsulin:insulin ratios, C-peptide levels, and whole islet RNA-seq. Phenotypes exhibited by Rnf20Δβ-cell mice are similar to those observed in Isl1 β-cell knockout mice, and comparative transcriptomics revealed an overlap of 570 genes involved in metabolism, zinc homeostasis, and islet proliferation including Slc30a8 and Matn2, both of which we found are occupied by Isl1 and Rnf20. Collectively, our findings demonstrate the importance of the Rnf20 histone modifier in regulating β-cell function and expand our understanding of the Isl1 regulatory network.

Presentation: 6/2/2024
7880 The Role Of PTHrP In Glucose Metabolism And Insulin Secretion
Authors: Max-Harry I M , Kantake N , Nunemaker C S , Rosol T J
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: I.M. Max-Harry: None. N. Kantake: None. C.S. Nunemaker: None. T.J. Rosol: None.

Insulin and glucagon are the two most important hormones for blood glucose homeostasis. Identifying the key players in their regulation will contribute greatly towards combatting types 1 and 2 diabetes. Parathyroid Hormone-related protein (PTHrP), a protein expressed by pancreatic beta cells, has been implicated in various developmental and physiological roles, but particularly, PTHrP increases beta-cell proliferation and insulin secretion in pancreatic islets. Incubating mouse pancreatic islets and Min6 cells with 10nM exogenous PTHrP showed a significant increase in both insulin secretion (for islets, PTHrP: 865.4ng/ml ± 77.66, con: 498.5ng/ml ± 40.63, p=0.024, n=4) and glucagon secretion (PTHrP: 20.87pmol/l ± 3.776, con: 8.798pmol/l ± 1.616, p= 0.068, n=3) after 24hours. In order to further investigate the effects observed, min6 cells were transiently transfected to overexpress PTHrP, and a glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay was carried out with 2mM and 20mM glucose. The results showed a reduction in basal insulin secretion at 2mM glucose and an increase in insulin secretion at 20mM glucose for the PTHrP transfected cells. PTHrP improved the stimulation index of Min6 cells (PTHrP: 2.279 ± 0.2056, con: 1.659 ± 0.1386, p= 0.03, n=6) and enhanced their sensitivity to glucose. Preliminary proliferation assays showed that cells transfected with PTHrP have increased proliferation and a protection from cell death when incubated in serum-free media. This study, in addition to our previously published research showing that a lack of intact PTHrP leads to islet dysfunction, revealed that PTHrP may be crucial to appropriate glucose sensitivity of beta cells. Further studies are being carried out to understand the mechanism behind these effects and the genes/proteins involved in the regulation of insulin secretion by PTHrP.

Presentation: 6/1/2024
12246 The Stage-Dependent Transcriptome And Methylome Reveal Significance Of The Neonatal Period In Postnatal Metabolic Maturation Of The Mouse Liver
Authors: Yano Seiichi , Sato Naoichi , Araki Hiromitsu , Miura Fumihito , Ito Takashi , Ogawa Yoshihiro
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: S. Yano: None. N. Sato: None. H. Araki: None. F. Miura: None. T. Ito: None. Y. Ogawa: None.

The mammalian liver serves as an extramedullary hematopoietic organ during the fetus and matures into a metabolic organ after birth, adapting to changes in the nutritional environment. DNA demethylation upregulates fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) genes in the postnatal mouse liver to produce energy from breast milk lipids. However, the detailed interactions between DNA methylation (DNAme) and gene expression through the perinatal stages remain poorly understood. Here, we perform an integrative analysis of the transcriptome and methylome of the mouse liver at the fetal, neonatal, and postweaning stages. We found a drastic loss of DNAme at the neonatal stage in specific regions associated with metabolic pathways such as FAO and gluconeogenesis in concordance with the activation of metabolic processes. Moreover, in silico analysis predicted transcription factors including HNF4α, PPARα, and NR1H2 as key epigenetic regulators within the neonatal period. We also observed an inactivation of erythrocyte development with a concordant gain of DNAme. This analysis extends the epigenetic landscape of postnatal hepatic maturation, suggesting the importance of the nutritional environment during the neonatal period for epigenetic regulation.

Presentation: 6/3/2024
5176 Time In Range Preferred Over A1c And Fructosamine To Monitor Glycemic Control In Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Patel Anjani , Simon Barbara
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: A. Patel: None. B. Simon: None.

Introduction: In sickle cell disease, hemoglobin A1c is unreliable due to anemia, hemolysis, transfusions, and increased red blood cell turnover. In this population, plasma glucose should be used to make a diagnosis of diabetes, but there are no reliable long-term measures of glycemic control. Measures of serum protein glycation such as fructosamine are often used as markers of short-term control[1]. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) time in range (TIR) may offer another more reliable metric of control in this population2. Case: A 58-year-old male presented to the office for uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus. His medical history included sickle cell anemia (Hb SS disease), hypertension, monoclonal gammopathy, and priapism. He was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus approximately one year prior based on a fructosamine level of 470 umol/L (0-285 umol/L) and elevated fasting glucose level of 128 mg/dL. He started metformin 500 mg daily. Three months later, repeat fructosamine was 401 umol/L, and metformin was increased. Months later, fructosamine levels remained elevated at 419 umol/L; metformin was increased to 2 grams daily and he was referred to endocrinology. The patient was given a CGM (Freestyle Libre 2 system, Abbott Diabetes Care) as an additional method to assess control. CGM showed an excellent 2-week TIR (70-180mg/ dL) of 98%. Repeat fructosamine after 2 weeks of CGM wear was elevated at 500 umol/L. It was hypothesized that the history of IgG kappa monoclonal gammopathy was falsely elevating his fructosamine level. A glycated albumin level was 13.5% (10.7-13.5%). The patient was advised to discontinue his metformin. Four months later, his glycated albumin remained in range, and a 2-week TIR was 100%. Discussion: This case demonstrates how sickle cell disease and monoclonal gammopathy affect laboratory values typically used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes. Fructosamine, a measure of non-enzymatic glycation of serum proteins, is non-specific2. Increased protein from monoclonal gammopathy (giving more protein glycation sites) was the probable cause of the persistently elevated fructosamine, leading to overtreatment of what may not have been a true diagnosis of diabetes. This case also demonstrates the value of CGM, with glucose values and TIR indicating near normoglycemia. Diagnostic CGM may be a useful measure of glucose control in patients with hemoglobinopathies. References: 1. Danese E. et al. Advantages and pitfalls of fructosamine and glycated albumin in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology. 2015;9(2):169–176. 2. Beck, RW. et al. The Fallacy of Average: How Using HbA1c Alone to Assess Glycemic Control Can Be Misleading. Diabetes Care 2017; 40: 994–999.

Presentation: 6/1/2024
6978 Traumatic Presentation Of A Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Kahn C J , Mai J , Cabrera A E , Anderson A D , Huynh D H
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: C.J. Kahn: None. J. Mai: None. A.E. Cabrera: None. A.D. Anderson: None. D.H. Huynh: None.

Background: Insulinomas are a subset of functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors associated with neuroglycopenic symptoms, fasting hypoglycemia, and rapid resolution of symptoms with glucose administration. Despite this classic presentation, patients often spend years undiagnosed before formal diagnosis and definitive management. Clinical Case: We report the case of a 37-year-old post-partum female with a history of gestational diabetes who presented to our trauma center after losing consciousness while driving and colliding with a utility pole. Emergency Medical Services reported seizure-like activity on the scene with altered sensorium. Her initial blood glucose level of 32 mg/dL improved to 100 mg/dL after 100 ml of 10% dextrose. Initial biochemical analysis obtained from the trauma bay demonstrated a negative serum ethanol level, negative urine toxicology and sulfonylurea level, and elevated C-peptide of 6.71 ng/mL. After stabilization, she underwent a 72-hour fasting test. At the 12-hour mark, she developed hypoglycemia (blood glucose 36 mg/dL) correlated with elevated insulin (28.8 mU/L), proinsulin (173.1 pmol/L), and C-peptide (7.86 ng/mL). Although an initial CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis did not demonstrate any pancreatic abnormalities, an abdominal MRI demonstrated a 13 mm lesion in the tail of the pancreas consistent with a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. She subsequently underwent a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy during the same hospital admission and recovered expeditiously. Final pathology demonstrated a 10 by 15 mm, grade two, well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor with negative margins. The specimen stained strongly positive for synaptophysin and chromogranin, consistent with the clinical diagnosis of insulinoma. During the patient's postoperative recovery, she had no further episodes of hypoglycemia and did not require insulin for post-pancreatectomy hyperglycemia. She was discharged home with a glucometer and a follow-up scheduled with endocrinology and general surgery. Conclusion: The presentation of patients with insulinomas can vary from vague, nonspecific symptoms to altered levels of consciousness placing patients in potentially lethal situations. Moreover, the insulin resistance experienced by pregnant patients may mask clinical manifestations of hypoglycemia during the peripartum period, making diagnosis more elusive for this population. A high index of suspicion along with prompt diagnosis, in this case, led to definitive surgical management, effectively preventing future traumatic incidents secondary to hypoglycemia. Reference: 1. Dobrindt EM, Mogl M, Goretzki PE, Pratschke J, Dukaczewska AK. Insulinoma in pregnancy (a case presentation and systematic review of the literature). Rare Tumors. 2021;13. doi:10.1177/2036361320986647

Presentation: 6/3/2024
7936 Type 1 Diabetes Therapeutic Compound MSB-61: Using RNA Sequencing To Identify The Mechanism
Authors: Khan Palwasha , Corbin Kathryn , Ajmal Nida , Bergmeir Stephen , Gu Guoqiang , Tong Xin , Nunemaker Craig Stuart
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: P. Khan: None. K. Corbin: None. N. Ajmal: None. S. Bergmeir: None. G. Gu: None. X. Tong: None. C.S. Nunemaker: None.

Abstract Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disease in which loss of insulin-producing beta-cells leads to hyperglycemia due to which patients eventually require lifelong insulin therapy to maintain normal glycemic control. Insulin remains the gold standard and the only effective treatment for T1D since its discovery 100 years ago. Protecting the pancreatic beta cells from cytokine-induced cell death and restoring insulin secretion are important to treat T1D, two properties that are currently lacking in present therapies. Our lab identified a chemical compound MSB-61 that increases insulin release and protects pancreatic islets against T1D-associated cytokines and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. This study aims to identify the mechanism of action of MSB-61 in protecting pancreatic islets from ER stress-induced cell death. To achieve this aim pancreatic islets obtained from CD-1 strain mice were exposed for one hour to 50uM MSB-61 or vehicle control. After treatment, RNA was collected for RNA sequencing. In addition to RNA extraction for sequencing, MSB-61's ability to secrete insulin was verified by performing ELISA on control,10 and 50uM MSB-61-treated islets, and the activity of protection from cell death was assessed by performing cell death assay on islets treated with ER stressors in the presence and absence of 10 and 50uM MSB-61. Using Genialis, a bioinformatics service, we evaluated 57,010 genes (including non-coding transcripts) in our RNA sequencing data set. The DESeq2 technique of data analysis allowed us to identify 350 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 251 were upregulated and 74 were downregulated. After removing non-coding/undefined transcripts and genes with <5 counts per million, a total of 117 genes remained; 108 up and 9 down. According to the String database (string-db.org), many of the top DEGs formed a common network of genes associated with cell death protection and insulin secretion. A key component of that gene network is a stress-responsive orphan nuclear receptor with known protective effects in beta cells. Testing this orphan nuclear receptor as a possible direct or indirect target of MSB-61 for cell death prevention can aid in identifying the genes and pathways targeted by MSB-61, allowing us to improve our approaches to T1D treatment and develop better medications.

Presentation: 6/3/2024
9179 Type 2 Diabetes Alters Metabolic Fuel Selection During Intermittent Fasting
Authors: Conn Meghan O , Marko Daniel M , Schertzer Jonathan D
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: M.O. Conn: None. D.M. Marko: None. J.D. Schertzer: None.

Type 2 Diabetes Alters Metabolic Fuel Selection During Intermittent Fasting Diabetes is characterized by elevated blood glucose resulting from defective insulin secretion and/or insulin resistance. Intermittent fasting, a popular weight loss strategy involving periodic reduction of caloric intake, can improve glycemia. Fasting shifts metabolism from carbohydrates to free fatty acids and ketones. However, high blood insulin can inhibit lipolysis and alter metabolic substrate selection in prediabetes, resulting in muscle catabolism to maintain energy homeostasis. Clinical studies have observed a significant decrease in muscle mass in subjects with obesity and diabetes. Our research aims to characterize lean mass versus fat loss after intermittent fasting in a mouse model of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and investigate the role of muscle alanine catabolism. We hypothesized that intermittent fasting would promote less lipolysis and more muscle alanine catabolism, causing more muscle loss in diabetic mice than controls. We compared male db/db mice manifesting obesity, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia to age-matched db/+ (control) mice. Our lab established a 5:2 repeated fasting protocol of ad-libitum access to food for 5 days a week and 2 days of fasting on non-consecutive days. Blood glucose was monitored weekly in fed and fasted states to assess glycemic control. While intermittent fasting lowered fasted blood glucose in both groups, no significant body weight or metabolic tissue mass changes were observed. Metabolic cage data demonstrated increased reliance on fat-based substrates for energy in control mice that underwent intermittent fasting during feeding and fasting periods. Diabetic mice did not show significant changes in the fasted state, but intermittent fasting led to increased reliance on carbohydrate oxidation during re-feeding periods, indicating impaired metabolic flexibility. After 10 weeks, the mice were sacrificed, and metabolic tissue histology (adipose, liver, skeletal muscle) will be performed. We will also analyze serum markers (alanine, fatty acids, glycerol, glucose, insulin) and the activity of the metabolic enzyme alanine transaminase (ALT) in the muscle and liver. This experiment will improve our understanding of how lipolysis and protein breakdown in muscle regulate lean mass versus fat mass loss in obesity and T2D, leading to more effective tailoring of fasting to specific populations.

Presentation: 6/3/2024
12619 Unraveling The Complexity Of Autoimmune Polyglandular Syndrome
Authors: Syed Usheem , Fretes Oviedo Natalia Elizabeth , Kraus-Horbal Cecilia E
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: U. Syed: None. N.E. Fretes Oviedo: None.

Background: Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes (APS) are polyendocrinopathies characterized by autoimmune dysfunction of multiple endocrine organs. APS remains a challenging yet frequently undiagnosed entity in clinical practice, characterized by the coexistence of multiple autoimmune endocrine disorders. Clinical Case: Presented here is the case of a 37-year-old female initially diagnosed with T1DM at age thirteen, subsequently developing primary adrenal insufficiency in her 20s, along with Graves' disease managed with radioiodine ablation and later Hashimoto thyroiditis requiring levothyroxine therapy. The patient's clinical presentation underscores the challenge of managing hypoglycemic episodes in the setting of APS, where multiple autoimmune endocrine disorders converge. Additionally, gastrointestinal symptoms prompted screening for celiac disease, yielding negative results. Family screening revealed her daughter's diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, emphasizing the familial predisposition to autoimmune endocrine abnormalities. Conclusion: This case underscores the importance of comprehensive screening for APS in patients with T1DM, autoimmune thyroid disease, or adrenal insufficiency, as they may harbor multiple autoimmune conditions. Early recognition and management are imperative to mitigate the risk of complications. Furthermore, familial screening should be considered to identify at-risk relatives, facilitating early intervention, and reducing morbidity associated with APS.

Presentation: 6/3/2024
8748 Use of Telemedicine In Diabetes Self-Management Education (DSME) Of Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus At The University of Santo Tomas Hospital: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Salmon Jeannine Ann O , Bawal Dionise Ysabelle V , Gomez Maria Honolina S
Published: October 2024

Disclosure: J.O. Salmon: None. D.V. Bawal: None. M.S. Gomez: None.

Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is essential in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, many patients with T2DM still have lack of access to DSME. The surge of the pandemic gave impetus to the use of telemedicine in our healthcare. This study was undertaken to determine if DSME via telemedicine can be provided as effectively as face-to-face encounters. It also aimed to determine if DSME via telemedicine will improve diabetes knowledge and adherence to self-care. A total of 48 adults with T2DM were randomized to receive DSME via face-to-face encounter (control group) or via telemedicine (intervention group) in this single-center, randomized controlled trial. A single session of diabetes education was given to both groups. Subjects in the control group received DSME via face-to-face encounter while those in the intervention group received DSME via telemedicine. Outcome measures such as glycemic control, diabetes knowledge, and adherence to self-care behavior were determined at baseline and three months after the intervention. Three months after DSME, HbA1c improved from 7.62% (SD=1.81) to 7.27% (SD=0.33) in the telemedicine group. There was a significant increase in the proportion of participants with better glycemic control (37.50% to 57.14%, p=0.027). The mean overall diabetes knowledge improved by 5.27% (SD=4.32) in the telemedicine group. There was also a 13.25% improvement in the diabetes self-care adherence behavior in the telemedicine group. Majority of the participants in the telemedicine group had good adherence in six out of the seven self-care behaviors after DSME, namely healthy eating (57.14%), being active (57.14%), glucose monitoring (57.14%), medication adherence (61.90%), problem solving (76.19%), and healthy coping (85.71%). There was a significant increase in the proportion of participants with good behavior on medication adherence (58.33% to 61.90%, p=0.032). DSME via telemedicine can be provided as effectively as face-to-face encounters. Our study showed that DSME via telemedicine improved glycemic control, diabetes knowledge, and self-care adherence behavior. Telemedicine can help provide a means to reach patients with T2DM who have access problems.

Presentation: 6/1/2024
The Sentimentalist Terrain of Ora V. Eddleman Reed’s Twin Territories Fiction
Authors: Walkiewicz Kathryn
Published: October 2024

This article grapples with the messy legacy of Ora V. Eddleman Reed, editor of Twin Territories magazine in the Muscogee Nation, Indian Territory, at the turn of the twentieth century. Twin Territories vocally opposed US statehood in Indian Territory and furthered the literary careers of many Native writers. It was an important and influential venue of Native literary expression in the early twentieth century that deserves greater attention from Indigenous literary and print culture studies. However, the magazine’s ambitions and how we make sense of its legacy are complicated by Eddleman Reed’s racial politics, her own (non)citizenship, and the contents of her short sentimental fiction, all of which did as much to reinscribe racialized notions of Indigeneity as they did to challenge prevailing settler assumptions about Native people. Reed has been hailed as a recovered Cherokee writer, but her family’s rejected Cherokee Nation enrollment applications and recent genealogical research raise critical questions about framing her in this way.
Mesotherapy: solution or snake oil?
Authors: Ramadan Francesca
Published: October 2024

Proposed as a non-invasive alternative to address a variety of patient concerns including cellulite, body sculpting, weight reduction and skin rejuvenation, mesotherapy remains a controversial therapy, with some arguing that it is ineffective at best and potentially dangerous at worst. However, other practitioners and researchers swear by its efficacy. Francesca Ramadan dives into the current evidence base, safety profile and applications of mesotherapy.
Intimate wellness: expanding the scope of aesthetic nurses
Authors: Hartley Eleanor
Published: October 2024

The aesthetic medical industry is undergoing a profound transformation, driven by rapid scientific and technological advancements, increasing accessibility of treatments, and the persistent challenge of regulatory and ethical issues surrounding the provision of aesthetic treatments. As the industry evolves, aesthetic nurses find themselves navigating a complex and competitive landscape where maintaining a distinct niche becomes increasingly challenging. This article explores how nurses can incorporate intimate wellness into their practice to enhance patient outcomes and address critical aspects of women's health. Through a review of literature, patient surveys, and practitioner focus groups, this work underscores the need for clear clinical guidelines, comprehensive training, and further research to establish a framework for integrating intimate wellness into aesthetic nursing practice.
Role of Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Aegle marmelos (AM) Leaves and Tamarindus indica (TI) Seeds on High Fat High Sugar Diet Induced Hyperlipidemia in Rodent Models
Authors: Prakash Jay , Shenoy Smita , Nandakumar Krishnadas , Raghavendra Archana Parampalli , Kishore Anoop
Published: October 2024

Hyperlipidemia is an increase in plasma levels of lipids (cholesterol, triglycerides) and various lipoproteins. Though many drugs have been used for controlling hyperlipidemia, yet most of them have unpleasant side effects, which has stimulated the search for natural remedies. Hypolipidemic activity of hydroalcoholic extracts of Aegle marmelos (AM) leaves and Tamarindus indica (TI) seed alone and in combination on High Fat High Sugar (Fructose) Diet (HFHSD) induced hyperlipidemia in male rats was evaluated in this study. Out of 54 male Sprague Dawley rats, six received standard diet (Group I, normal control) throughout the study. The remaining 48 rats were fed orally with HFHSD for 30 days to induce hyperlipidemia (plasma cholesterol level >200 mg/dL). For the next thirty days, rats which had received HFHSD were divided into 8 groups with six animals in each. Group II- HFHSD control received standard diet, Group III- positive control (Niacin, 100 mg/kg/day), Group IV - AM25 (25 mg/kg/day), Group V - AM50 (50 mg/kg/day), Group VI - TI25 (25 mg/kg/day), Group VII - TI50 (50mg/kg/day), Groups VIII - AM25+TI25 (25 + 25 mg/kg/day) and Group IX - AM50+TI50 (50 + 50 mg/kg/day). Treatment of HFHSD fed rats with each extract alone and in combination resulted in a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL and VLDL and increase in HDL levels. Treatment with AM50+TI50 significantly lowered plasma cholesterol (p<0.001), triglycerides (p<0.001) and increased HDL cholesterol levels (p<0.05), in comparison to positive control. Both the extracts alone and in combination exerted hypolipidemic effect in rats.
Antimicrobial Activity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Tamilselvi Ramachandran , Kalaiarasi Maniarasu , Elumalai M. , Malarkodi Thanthoni , Venkatesh Alagarswamy , Prakash Venkatachalam
Published: October 2024

A broad range of gram positive and gram negative bacteria have been demonstrated to be effectively suppressed in growth by Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (MONPs), suggesting that these particles may be useful in the fight against antibiotic resistance. The antibacterial characteristics of MONPs, including those of silver, zinc, titanium, zirconia, iron, copper, magnesium, and cobalt oxide are widely recognized. The use of these nanoparticles made of synthetic and natural materials in dentistry is developing quickly, has been included in a variety of dental materials and has assisted in the treatment of oral disorders as well as the removal of biofilms and smear layers. The reader will gain up-to-date knowledge on MONPs, their modes of action, and their significance in endodontics in this review.
Psychoneuroimmunological Perspective of Animal-Assisted Therapy
Authors: Hunjan Unnati G , Reddy K. Jayasankara
Published: October 2024

Animal-assisted therapy is a new and upcoming form of therapy that has shown multifarious benefits to participants. It is a goal-oriented therapeutic process with the incorporation of a qualified therapy animal in the therapeutic activities and conversations. This paper explores these benefits from a psychoneuroimmunological lens, wherein the interplay of and impact on an individual's psychological, neurological and immune systems are discussed. Positive physical interaction with therapy animals reduces undesirable symptoms and ailments such as stress, anxiety, depressive symptoms, aggressive tendencies, harmful behaviours, cardiovascular issues and unhealthy tendencies amongst others. It further promotes a healthier lifestyle, promoting quality of life, better heart health, cognitive functioning and overall well-being. The biological basis of these benefits is discussed.
Antiinflammatory and Antioxidant Mediated Nephroprotection of Melatonin and Rosuvastatin in Carboplatin Induced Nephrotoxicity: An Experimental Study
Authors: Arware Ananya Anand , Nayak Veena , Chogtu Bharti , Belle Vijetha Shenoy , Verma Seemitr
Published: October 2024

Background: Platinum compounds like cisplatin, carboplatin used as anticancer drugs are known to cause nephrotoxicity. There is a need of drugs to prevent the drug induced nephrotoxicity. This experimental study was done to assess the nephroprotective role of rosuvastatin in carboplatin induced nephrotoxicity models and to compare it with melatonin. Methodology: A total of 36 albino rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=6). Group I was control group. In Groups II to VI nephrotoxicity was induced by intraperitoneal administration of a single dose of Carboplatin 128mg/kg on day 5. In Group II, no drug was administered. In group III and IV melatonin 5mg/kg and 10mg/kg was administered orally once a day for 10 days. In group V and VI, rosuvastatin 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg was administered orally once a day for 10 days. Blood was collected on day 0 for the baseline values and at an interval of 7 and 11 days for biochemical and antioxidant estimation. Kidneys were dissected at the end of study, weighed and renal tissue was subjected to histopathological analysis. Results: There was a significant decrease in urea, creatinine and uric acid in all the treatment groups. Also a significant decrease (p<0.05) was seen in MDA levels in treatment groups as compared to the negative control. A non-significant decrease was observed in IL-18 levels in the treatment groups. Also, histopathology of kidney tissues showed that in treatment groups, there were less changes in interstitium and vessels. Conclusion: Melatonin and rosuvastatin has shown a nephroprotective effect in carboplatin induced nephrotoxicity in terms of improved renal function tests, reduced IL-18 showing anti-inflammatory action, antioxidant action by decreasing MDA and increasing GSH and by histopathological studies of kidney tissue
Monteggia Equivalent Variant Type 1 in an Adult, its Management and Functional Outcome with Literature Review
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India., Mukherjee Soutrik , Parkaviyan R ,   Department of Orthopaedics, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India., Banerjee Kallol ,   Department of Orthopaedics, North Bengal Medical College and Hospital, Darjeeling, West Bengal, India.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: In 1814, Giovanni Battista Monteggia first described the fracture pattern which was further characterized by Luis Bado in 1967. Bado also coined the term Monteggia equivalent which includes a spectrum of complex fracture patterns and dislocations of the proximal ulna and radius. Monteggia equivalent lesions in adults are rare with different injury mechanisms compared to children, and thus having different management procedures. Case Report: We report a Type 1 Monteggia equivalent variant in a 31-year-old female who presented with a proximal ulnar fracture along with an ipsilateral radial neck fracture extending into the radial head. A fracture pattern that has not been reported much in literature as per our observations and we suggest should be considered a Monteggia equivalent Type 1b. Osteosynthesis of the ulna and proximal radius was done and at 1-year follow-up, complete radiological union with near-native function was achieved. Conclusion: Early recognition of such complex fracture patterns and a reconstruction of the proximal radius wherever possible gives a better outcome than arthroplasty or excision as per literature. Keywords: Monteggia fractures, Monteggia equivalent, Monteggia variants in adults, radial neck fractures.
Shoulder Surgeries under Regional Anesthesia Approach and Outcome – A Case Series
Authors:   Department of Anaesthesiology, L N C T. Medical College and Sewakunj Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India,, Jaiswal Vinay , Gupta Ravindra Kumar ,   Department of Orthopedics, L N C T. Medical College and Sewakunj Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India., Dhake Neha ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, L N C T. Medical College and Sewakunj Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India,, Sanwatsarkar Sadhana ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, L N C T. Medical College and Sewakunj Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India,, Jain Sunita ,   Department of Anaesthesiology, L N C T. Medical College and Sewakunj Hospital, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India,
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Shoulder surgeries (arthroscopic or open) are usually performed under general anesthesia or combined with regional anesthesia. Post-operative pain following shoulder surgery is usually very severe and hinders early mobility of joints and recovery; which is also a cause of mental stress for the patient. Regional anesthetic techniques are known to provide excellent pain control postoperatively, both at rest and on movement. It allows faster recovery with earlier mobilization of joints. Profound knowledge of neural innervation of the shoulder is very essential to provide successful regional anesthesia for shoulder surgeries. Case Reports: We underwent a case series of 10 patients with multiple comorbidities and were categorized as high-risk patients, posted for shoulder surgeries under regional anesthesia (PNS-guided interscalene brachial plexus block combined with suprascapular nerve block). Five out of ten patients were of the ASA 3 category, with multiple comorbidities. Shoulder surgeries (arthroscopic/open) were planned under regional anesthesia with mild sedation and resulted in better surgeon and patient satisfaction perioperatively. Conclusion: Interscalene nerve block combined with suprascapular nerve block should be considered an alternative approach to general anesthesia for shoulder surgeries. Thus sole regional anesthesia can be considered a novel approach for all types of shoulder surgeries and is significantly safer for ASA Grade III and IV patients. Keywords: Shoulder arthroscopy, shoulder surgery, regional anesthesia, peripheral nerve stimulation, suprascapular nerve block, interscalene nerve block.
Brodie’s Abscess of the Ankle Presenting as a Tumor: A Summary of Five Cases
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States,, Warburton Christopher , Temple H Thomas ,   Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida, United States.
Published: October 2024

Introduction: A Brodie’s abscess is a form of subacute osteomyelitis that is often considered in the differential diagnosis of other benign and malignant bone lesions. The authors summarize the findings of five cases of Brodie’s abscesses in the distal tibia initially thought to be tumors by the referring physicians. Case Report: All five cases were presented to the referring physicians with a chief complaint of ankle pain. All patients complained of chronic ankle pain and swelling that was aggravated by activity without constitutional symptoms. On physical examination, all patients presented with point tenderness over the distal tibia/malleolar regions. Three out of the five cases had a full range of ankle motion; the other two had limited dorsiflexion secondary to pain. All inflammatory laboratory values were within normal limits or only slightly elevated. All initial radiographs of the cases described demonstrated a well-defined radiolucent lesion within the distal tibia. In all cases, patients were treated with curetting, with or without bone graft. Bacterial and fungal cultures were negative in all five patients and no long-term post-operative antibiotics were administered. Conclusion: In this report, we discuss the clinical, radiographic, and pathologic features of this relatively rare condition in the distal tibia. The distinct clinicopathologic features of the disease process are presented to distinguish Brodie’s abscess from a bone tumor. Keywords: Subacute osteomyelitis, Brodie’s abscess, osteomyelitis, tibia, Staphylococcus infections, abscess, bone diseases.
Systemic amyloidosis following inflammatory bowel disease, follicular lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: a case report
Authors: Sukrisman Lugyanti , Makmun Dadang , Krisnuhoni Ening
Published: October 2024

Systemic amyloidosis is a rare disorder characterized by the widespread deposition of misfolded amyloid proteins in several organs, leading to organ failure and potentially death if not promptly recognized. The occurrence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), follicular lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) developing into systemic amyloidosis is uncommon. Here is a case of a 55-year-old Asian woman with a history of IBD, follicular lymphoma, and abdominal DLBCL who developed systemic amyloidosis affecting her gastrointestinal, cardiac, and renal organs. Gastrointestinal symptoms (abdominal pain and melena) initially manifested in this patient with systemic amyloidosis. She underwent treatment with three cycles of rituximab and bendamustine. However, she passed away after 2 months of hospitalization due to multiple organ failure. Hence, physicians must be vigilant in recognizing amyloidosis as a potential complication of lymphoma or other inflammatory diseases, as early recognition can contribute to improved clinical outcomes.
From Anarchism to Psychopharmacology: Edward Trautner's Australian Transformation
Authors: Wallace Wes , de Moore Greg
Published: October 2024

Abstract: Edward Trautner (1890–1978) was a pharmacologist at the University of Melbourne in the 1940s and 50s who did pioneering work on lithium treatment for psychiatric disorders. His unusual past was a topic of great interest among his colleagues, who often creatively embroidered his story in the retelling. This paper introduces Trautner as his colleagues remembered him, and tells the true story of his childhood in Bavaria, his combat experience in World War I, his turn to anarchist politics and literary experiment in the 1920s, his bohemian life in Spain and England in the 1930s, his deportation to Australia in 1940, and his transformation then (at the age of 50) into a leading medical scientist. It examines his apprenticeship as a plant chemist, and the political efforts of his mentor, Professor R.D. 'Pansy' Wright, to protect and foster his genius.
Struggling to Satisfy the Board: Historical Difficulties Faced by Japanese Doctors in Australia
Authors: Lamb John
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to review the difficulties faced by overseas-born applicants, particularly Japanese, in seeking to practise medicine in Queensland and Western Australia before and during the period of the Immigration Restriction Act. It limits itself to those two colonies/states as they were the only ones to have a sufficient number and concentration of resident Japanese to attract a Japanese doctor. After tracing the history of the development of relevant medical legislation and examples of its early application in respect of various foreigners, the paper reviews the experiences of a number of Japanese who managed to practise, both with and without registration. Its principal focus is on the behaviour of medical boards and their sometimes dubious use of the subjective powers given to them.
The Exhausted: Fred Moten's Poetics
Authors: Olla Nasrin
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This essay focuses upon the American poet Fred Moten alongside the thought of Ádouard Glissant, Frantz Fanon, Hannah Arendt, and Frederick Douglass. Across this essay, I argue for the significance of wandering figures in these imaginative worlds. Focusing on diverse examples of erring figures—an exhausted walker on a beach in Martinique, a schoolgirl who took part in the first wave of desegregation efforts in Arkansas, and an improvisational jazz vocalist inspired by the struggles of Africans across the diaspora—I analyze the importance of performances that remain quiet, blurry, and distant. Ultimately, I show how such wandering literary performances suggest new conceptions of critique, identity, and collectivity.
E. M. Forster, George Orwell, and the Secret Life of Libel in Colonial Censorship
Authors: Kantor Roanne L.
Published: October 2024

Abstract: This article focuses on the careers and literary networks of E. M. Forster and George Orwell to reveal the key role of defamatory libel in censorship of anticolonial texts in the early-twentieth century. Studies of censorship have focused overwhelmingly on the role of obscene libel and seditious libel. These forms are appealing because they are easy to trace through court cases in the archive and because they offer an agential antagonist to the progressive writer in the person of "the censor." There is no censor as such in a defamation case, and yet defamatory libel positively dwarfed these other forms of censorship both in numbers of cases (prosecuted and settled out of court), and in the sense of apprehension it produced among authors and publishers in the period. The essay traces these impacts on Forster and Orwell not only as novelists, but also as public figures trading on their self-described "left-ish" and "anti-imperialist" reputations as legal witnesses and producers for the BBC Eastern Service. It emphasizes the need for a different analytical practice to understand how individual writers and publications negotiated an actively hostile—but also fundamentally unpredictable and nonintegrated—system of proscription: an approach to censorship without censors.
Mid-frequency contrast compensation for sparse aperture imaging systems by a larger sub-aperture
Authors: Liu Tai , Zhao Yang , Ma Hongcai , Yu Peng , Wu Qingwen , Xu Zhenbang , Han Hasiaoqier
Published: October 2024

Sparse aperture imaging systems (SAISs) always suffer mid-frequency contrast loss because of dispersion and sparsity. This paper introduces an efficient method to enlarge the sub-aperture with the most significant effect on mid-frequency contrast compensation. This method is implemented by evaluating the mean square error between the modulation transfer function (MTF) of an SAIS and a monolithic aperture system with matching cutoff frequency. Two array configurations with different sub-apertures enlarged by various magnifications are simulated and their MTFs are analyzed. Subsequently, experiments are conducted by enlarging a sub-aperture within an array configuration at different magnifications. The results confirm the method’s effectiveness.
Low-cost, high-volume, manufacturable 0.88 NA multi-wavelength diffractive lens array for optical document security
Authors: Majumder Apratim , Hayward Tina M. , Stewart Robert , Menon Rajesh
Published: October 2024

We design, manufacture, and characterize a high-numerical-aperture (NA=0.88, f/0.27), multi-wavelength (480 nm, 550 nm, and 650 nm) multilevel diffractive microlens array (MLA). This MLA achieves multi-wavelength focusing with a depth of focus (DoF) twice the diffraction-limited value. Each microlens in the array is closely packed with a diameter of 70 µm and a focal length of 19 µm in air. The MLA is patterned on one surface of a polymer film via UV casting, positioning the focal plane at the distal end of the polymer film. Each microlens focuses light at three design wavelengths into a focal spot with an estimated FWHM of ∼310nm. By placing this MLA directly on a standard high-resolution banknote print (minimum feature width of 10–15 µm), we demonstrate color-integral imaging for anti-counterfeiting. In contrast, refractive MLAs cannot achieve high-NA, multi-wavelength focusing or extended DoF. The extended DoF of our MLA ensures reliable performance despite variations in the polymer film’s thickness. Our MLA, produced via UV casting, enables extremely low-cost, high-volume production, making it ideal for flat optics in banknotes and document security.
High-precision 3D imaging using spectral encoding based on the mode-locked optical frequency comb: publisher’s note
Authors: Xu Manxiang , Liu Qihua , Wang Jindong , Qu Xinghua , Zhang Fumin
Published: October 2024

This publisher’s note reports corrections made to Appl. Opt. 63, 7637 (2024)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.537171.
Machine learning approaches in non-contact autofluorescence spectrum classification
Authors: Raman Ashutosh P. , Zachem Tanner J. , Plumlee Sarah , Park Christine , Eward William , Codd Patrick J. , Ross Weston
Published: October 2024

Manual surgical resection of soft tissue sarcoma tissue can involve many challenges, including the critical need for precise determination of tumor boundary with normal tissue and limitations of current surgical instrumentation, in addition to standard risks of infection or tissue healing difficulty. Substantial research has been conducted in the biomedical sensing landscape for development of non-human contact sensing devices. One such point-of-care platform, previously devised by our group, utilizes autofluorescence-based spectroscopic signatures to highlight important physiological differences in tumorous and healthy tissue. The following study builds on this work, implementing classification algorithms, including Artificial Neural Network, Support Vector Machine, Logistic Regression, and K-Nearest Neighbors, to diagnose freshly resected murine tissue as sarcoma or healthy. Classification accuracies of over 93% are achieved with Logistic Regression, and Area Under the Curve scores over 94% are achieved with Support Vector Machines, delineating a clear way to automate photonic diagnosis of ambiguous tissue in assistance of surgeons. These interpretable algorithms can also be linked to important physiological diagnostic indicators, unlike the black-box ANN architecture. This is the first known study to use machine learning to interpret data from a non-contact autofluorescence sensing device on sarcoma tissue, and has direct applications in rapid intraoperative sensing.