bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No More Zealots in the House of the Lord
Authors: Marcus Joel
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The word כְּנַעֲנִי in Zech 14:21b (“there will no longer be a כְּנַעֲנִי in the house of the Lord of hosts”), has usually been interpreted either in an ethnic (“Canaanite”) or in a mercantile sense (“trader,” “merchant”), and it is possible that in its original context it was a double entendre. In later exegesis, the mercantile interpretation comes to predominate, but the ethnic sense is never completely eclipsed. The New Testament allusions to the Zecharian text reflect both interpretations. On the one hand, the Markan and Johannine Jesus utilizes the mercantile interpretation when he forbids the commerce in the Temple to continue (Mark 11:15-17; John 2:14-17). On the other hand, Mark also seems to reflect the ethnic interpretation, at least indirectly, since he seems to be responding to revolutionaries who used it to justify their ethnic cleansing and military occupation of the Temple. But Mark, for his own part, may have employed the sort of punning exegesis common in ancient Judaism to interpret Zech 14:21b as a prophecy of the eschatological expulsion of these revolutionaries from their Temple headquarters: on that day, there will no longer be קַנְאָנִין (“Zealots”) in the house of the Lord of Hosts.
Zeatylenchus pittosporum gen. n., sp. n. (Tylenchida: Anguinata), from leaves of Pittosporum tenuifolium (Pittosporaceae) in New Zealand
Authors: Zhao Zeng Qi , Davies Kerrie A. , Alexander Brett J.R. , Riley Ian T.
Published: February 2013

A new genus and species of anguinid nematode, Zeatylenchus pittosporum gen. n., sp. n., was recovered from leaves of Pittosporum tenuifolium from Hahei, Coromandel Region, North Island, New Zealand. The genus is characterised by having slender males and females, excretory pore opening near the lips and level with the knobs of the retracted stylet, pharynx with a weak non-muscular median bulb, pharyngeal glands overlapping the intestine, females with a single gonad with a quadricolumella and post-uterine sac; and males with slender arcuate spicules and the bursa arising <1 anal body diam. anterior to the cloacal aperture and extending ca 30% of distance to the tail tip. Its feeding does not induce galls, only foliar chlorosis. The species has particular characters, including a short, robust stylet with conus forming ca 40% of stylet length and small rounded compact knobs, and tail offset dorsally with a pointed tip. Molecular phylogeny of near full length small subunit, D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit and internal transcribed spacer rRNA genes support the description of Zeatylenchus pittosporum gen. n., sp. n. as a new genus and species.
Description of Globodera capensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from South Africa
Authors: Knoetze Rinus , Swart Antoinette , Tiedt Louwrens R.
Published: February 2013

A new cyst nematode, herein described as Globodera capensis n. sp., was found on several farms in the Swartland and Sandveld areas in South Africa. As the host plant of G. capensis n. sp. is currently unknown, the species is represented by cysts and second-stage juveniles (J2) only. The cysts have a spherical form, are yellow to dark brown in colour and have bullae (vulval bodies) and subcuticular punctations. Six to 20 cuticular ridges/lines are present between the anus and vulval basin, Granek’s ratio is 0.7-4.0, the vulval basin diam. is 16-28.5 μm and vulval basin to anus distance is 19-60 μm. The J2 is 430-528 μm long and the stylet is 23-28 μm long with anteriorly flattened to rounded stylet knobs. These stages are morphologically and morphometrically very near to, or indistinguishable from PCN, G. artemisiae, G. millefolii and G. tabacum tabacum. It can be distinguished by the molecular characteristics of the ITS-region of the ribosomal DNA. Pairwise distances between closely related Globodera species show that G. capensis n. sp. differs the least in number of base differences per sequence from G. millefolii (63-64 bp) and most from an undescribed Globodera from Chile (72-73 bp). Phylogenetic relationships of G. capensis n. sp. with selected species of Punctoderinae, inferred from ITS-rRNA sequences by using the Maximum Likelihood method, indicate that G. capensis n. sp. occupies a basal position within a lineage of Globodera species from Europe, Asia and New Zealand that parasitises non-solanaceous plants. For diagnostic purposes, digestion of the ITS1 with AluI will distinguish G. capensis n. sp. from G. mexicana, G. pallida, G. rostochiensis and G. tabacum, but not from G. artemisiae, G. millefolii and G. zelandica, whilst FauI will distinguish G. capensis n. sp. from all the other Globodera species tested.
Hemicaloosia vagisclera n. sp. (Nematoda: Caloosiidae) from Bermuda grass in Florida and its phylogenetic relationships with other criconematids
Authors: Inserra Renato N. , Stanley Jason D. , Troccoli Alberto , Chitambar John , Subbotin Sergei A.
Published: February 2013

Hemicaloosia vagisclera n. sp. is described from Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) in Florida. This new species is characterised by females with body slightly ventrally arcuate in death, face with a prominent elliptical oral disc, large amphids, slender stylet with mean length 64 μm, lateral field consisting of a single longitudinal line marked by continuous and discontinuous transverse striae, oval and full spermatheca, sclerotised vagina vera and tail annuli width greater than that of remaining body annuli. Diagnostic characters for the males are a C-shaped body, head with 4-5 faint lip annuli and pronounced oval oral disc, lateral field with two longitudinal lines intersected by transverse striae, tail digitate in the distal portion posterior to bursa, distinctly annulated and with a round terminus. Molecular characterisation of H. vagisclera n. sp. using the D2-D3 domain of 28S rRNA, partial 18S rRNA and ITS rRNA gene sequences is also provided. The phylogenetic relationships of this species with other representatives of the suborder Criconematina are presented and indicate that H. vagisclera n. sp. has sister relationships with Caloosia longicaudata supporting the classification of Caloosia together with Hemicaloosia as separate genera in the family Caloosiidae. A diagnostic PCR-ITS-RFLP profile for H. vagisclera n. sp. is also given together with an identification key for seven known species of Hemicaloosia.
Diploscapter formicidae sp. n. (Rhabditida: Diploscapteridae), from the ant Prolasius advenus (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in New Zealand
Authors: Zhao Zeng Qi , Davies Kerrie A. , Brenton-Rule Evan C. , Grangier Julien , Gruber Monica A.M. , Giblin-Davis Robin M. , Lester Philip J.
Published: February 2013

Diploscapter formicidae sp. n. was collected from the ant Prolasius advenus and its nests in native beech forests of the South Island, New Zealand. This is a new host record for the nematode genus and the first report of an ant associate from the southern hemisphere. Diploscapter formicidae sp. n. appears to be native to New Zealand. No males were found from collections from 16 nests, in agreement with previously published data on the other members of this genus, suggesting that males are absent or very rare. The adult females have bilateral symmetry of the head, characteristic dorsal and ventral projections of the putative cheilostom with paired hook-like structures or hamuli, expansive membranous lateral lip flaps or laciniae, gymnostom and stegostom with parallel walls, a swollen procorpus, large terminal bulb with a strong valve, paired ovaries with medial vulva, and a short conoid tail with slender pointed or spicate tip. Scanning electron micrographs of the structure of the head confirmed that the lateral laciniae with finger-like tines or filopodia are moveable (alternately covering and exposing the mouth). These lateral lip flaps are located posterior to the stoma, but anterior to the pore-like amphidial openings. The anterior margin of the cheilostom possesses apomorphic lateral bell-shaped projections and the hamuli are broader and less pointed than other species that have been examined. Molecular phylogeny of near full-length small subunit, D2/D3 expansion segments of the large subunit rRNA gene and heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) gene showed that D. formicidae sp. n. is monophyletic with the Diploscapter species and isolates available in GenBank, but is on an independent trajectory supporting separate species status.
Land and Justice in South Africa: Exploring the Ambiguous Role of the State in the Land Claims Process
Authors: Kepe Thembela
Published: February 2013

Abstract

In addition to challenges facing South Africa’s overall post-apartheid land reform, group rural land claims have particularly proven difficult to resolve. This paper explores the role that the state plays in shaping the outcomes of rural group land claims. It analyzes policy statements, including from policy documents, guidelines and speeches made by politicians during ceremonies to hand over land rights to rural claimants; seeking to understand the possible motives, factual correctness, as well as impact, of these statements on the trajectory of the settled land claims. The paper concludes that land reform as practiced in South Africa is functionally and discursively disembedded from socio-political histories of dispossession, because land has come to be treated more as a commodity, rather than as something that represents multiple meanings for different segments of society. Like many processes leading up to a resolution of a rural claim, subsequent statements by government concerning particular ‘successful’ land claims convey an assumption that local claimants have received just redress; that there was local consensus on what form of land claim redress people wanted, and that the state’s lead role in suggesting commercial farming or tourism as land use options for the new land rights holders is welcome. The paper shows that previous in-depth research on rural land claims proves that the state’s role in the success or failure of rural land claims is controversial at best.
The Sunsum of Onyame: Akan Perspectives on an Ecological Pneumatology
Authors: Agyarko Robert Owusu
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The Akan notion of sunsum may form the basis for an ecological pneumatology. Sunsum may be understood as the central, unifying vitality which integrates various elements in Akan thought. Amongst the Akan, God has Sunsum and anything which exists in its natural state has sunsum, a spark from God. The concept of sunsum expresses how the “one” (Onyame) and the “many” (nature including human beings) are related. It is the dynamic equivalent of the Holy Spirit in the Akan Twi Bible. Sunsum is energy, life, communicating itself and transcending itself. It is absolute spirit, who enlivens the whole universe. The Akan concept of sunsum suggests the possibility of a union of the concrete with the universal. The concept of sunsum may therefore enable one to speak of the Holy Spirit and its relation both to God and to nature. This proposal may also enable one to understand the Holy Spirit as cosmic in nature and as divine in being. This contribution offers theological reflection on the implications of the notion of sunsum for ecotheology.
Christian Animism, Green Spirit Theology, and the Global Crisis Today
Authors: Wallace Mark I.
Published: February 2013

Abstract

This essay analyses the biblical promise and ethic of Christian animism: because everything God made is a bearer of the Holy Spirit human beings are obligated to care for creation. Three points are made. a) A retrieval of the Spirit’s disclosure of herself in the biblical literatures as one with the four cardinal elements —Earth, air, water, and fire. b) An analysis of how the Spirit is the “soul” of the Earth—the breath of creation—and the Earth is the “flesh” of the Spirit—the living landscapes of divine presence. c) A study of the significance of the church surviving in a period when the message of the Gospel is fundamentally threatened; this is the alarming status confessionis of our time. The hope of Christian animism—the vision of a shared and verdant Earth saturated with divine presence—is the ground for religiously charged transformative responses to the crisis of unsustainable living today.
Receiving from the Other: Theology and Grass-Roots Organizing
Authors: Fulkerson Mary McClintock
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Many Christian theologians today highlight the absence of community and the common good as values in a secular culture: absence that privileges individualism, autonomy and self-sufficiency. Theological perspectives and grass-roots organizing invoke mutual accountability as a key feature of political life that sustains human flourishing for all. Theological community takes the form of sacrament, worship and creed in the encounter with Christian tradition and narratives. The grass-roots Industrial Areas Foundation (IAF) and similar organizations form community through relational meetings and the enhancement of human agency in American society. Both theological and grass-roots communities provide alternatives to the individualism of secular society. Attention to the gifts of theology and grass-roots organizing encourages the growth of a broader cultural imagination, theological attention to conflict and negotiation, and mutual accountability in receptive encounter with the other.
Ideas of Tolerance: Religious Exclusivism and Violence in Hindu–Christian Encounters
Authors: Barua Ankur
Published: February 2013

Abstract

This article explores, through some historical vignettes, the question of whether there are necessary connections between the Christian worldview and religious aggression, whether in the form of brutal extermination of the religious others or more subtly of interpretive violence on their cultural traditions. The Hindu ‘pluralistic’ attitude towards the religions is often put forward as a paradigm of an open-minded acceptance of their diversity. However, varieties of Hindu ‘pluralism’ turn out, on closer inspection, to be based on specific criteria about the nature of human and divine reality, and collapse, in fact, to forms of ‘exclusivism’ which propose a certain event or experience as the paradigm through which human existence is to be interpreted. The crucial debate, then, is not so much between Christian ‘exclusivism’ versus Hindu ‘pluralism’ as over the basis for viewing religious diversity as encompassed by the divine purpose for humanity.
Islamofascism: Four Avenues to the Use of an Epithet
Authors: Schulze Reinhard
Published: February 2013

In this paper I want to reconstruct the genealogy of relating Islam to fascism and fascism to Islam by assembling evidence from Western discourses. Such a reconstruction of course suffers from the fact that it has to draw a picture based solely on a collection of idiographic interpretations. The result is more a mosaic than a coherent narrative. My purpose is not to discuss again the meaning of the current ideological discourse on Islamofascism and the use of Fascism as an epithet for Islamism or even for Islam.1 Nor do I want to examine the fallibility of identifying certain Islamic political traditions as “fascist” or to explore the historical interaction between Islamic political discourses and Fascism from the 1920s to the 1940s. My intention is to study the mechanism and meaning of relating Fascism to Islam and Islam to Fascism. Starting with a look at the semantic expressing this relation, I will continue by examining the scope of the current usage in the Western public. Next I will investigate the general application of Islam as an epithet for secular political traditions and cultures since the early 19th century. Finally, I will concentrate on the use of Islam as an epithet for Fascism and Nazism in the 1930s and 1940s. I will conclude with some observations on current practice, which fuses and equates the epithetical use of Islam and Fascism. My main thesis is that Islam has been instrumental in splitting off ideological and cultural traditions considered adversarial from one’s own social, political, or cultural context. The current usage of Islamofascism reverses this mechanism, as now fascism has become instrumental in splitting off Islam from the Western context.
Arabs and Fascism: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives
Authors: Wien Peter
Published: February 2013

The article establishes an interpretive framework for Arab responses to fascism during the 1930s and World War II. Promoters of the Islamofascism paradigm refer to this period as simply a manifestation of the allegedly illiberal inclinations of a vast majority of Arabs and Muslims. They present Arab expressions of sympathy for fascism as conditioned by alleged authoritarian or totalitarian structures inherent in the Islamic religion. In a more nuanced interpretation, Arab reactions to fascism form a phenomenon that can only be understood in the local and chronological contexts of decolonization, in which fascism was a model and reference as a tool of social disciplining with the ultimate goal of getting rid of colonial control. According to this framework, totalitarian references in political discourse were a means to an end that was widespread at the time. Other, equally nuanced interpretations see pro-fascist trends in Middle Eastern states—as they became manifest in party platforms, uniformed youth organizations, or collaboration schemes with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy—as manifestations of global fascism as a ‘type’. According to this reading, totalitarian and racial ideological systems and leader- and discipline oriented forms of social organization have to be understood as representations of a worldwide trend comparable to Marxist or Capitalist ideology. Examples from India and Latin America provide a comparative framework for this. Neither of the two latter approaches subscribes to a thesis of an Arab “Sonderweg” in the adoption of fascism. Reactions in the Arab world in particular and in Muslim societies in general did not differ substantially from those in other colonial societies.
“Islamofascism”. Remarks on a Current Ideologeme
Authors: Zuckermann Moshe
Published: February 2013

The term “Islamofascism” for quite some time has had currency in polemical, but also in sober political discourses. However, it is clear that Islamic fundamentalism has very little, if anything, in common, in either origin or in form, with the historical phenomenon of fascism. If fascism is understood as what developed in certain historical constellations in Italy, Spain, and Hungary or as a specific exceptional form in German National Socialism, then it is something quite different from the movements of radicalized Islam. Islam, as a religion, is driven by different factors and follows goals very different from those of political fascism. One has to rigorously empty the political-scientifically established term “fascism” of content if one wants to make out superficial similarities. This must not be misunderstood: of course there is a modern (sometimes fanaticized) Arab nationalism; but as such it is not a substrate of Islam and thus does not substantially derive religiously from Islam. The Nazi (racial-biological) concept of the “national comrade” (Volksgenosse) has connotations different from those of membership in the Islamic Umma, which neither has anything do with an ideology of “blood” or race nor is determined by territorial presence, but rather includes Muslims living in the Diaspora—and in this respect is much more closely related to the Jewish-religious concepts of nation, people, and Diaspora than to the categories of the fascism that genuinely arose from Western modernism. It can therefore be assumed that the use of the term “Islamofascism” has little to do with an interest in analytical knowledge, but all the more with ideological polemics and political indoctrination.
Why the Muslims Must Fight against Nazi Germany: Muḥammad Najātī Ṣidqī’s Plea
Authors: Gershoni Israel
Published: February 2013

The term “Islamofascism” has developed and taken root only recently. It is part of a terminology that has been integrated into the academic and pseudo-academic discourse, which defines and explains contemporary global Islamic jihadism. In real time, in the 1930s and during the Second World War, 1933-1945, this term was totally alien to Muslim intellectuals in Egypt and in the Arab Middle East. Islam and fascism or Islam and Nazism were perceived as diametrically opposed terms. For most Arab intellectuals and publicists, who represent what is commonly referred to as Islamic thought or were spokesmen of Islamic movements, it was inconceivable to conjoin these two vastly different doctrines and ways of life. Any attempt to harmonize Islam and fascism, not to speak of the very term Islamofascism or fascist Islam, would have been anathema. This article focuses on the life and work of the Palestinian communist intellectual Muḥammad Najātī Ṣidqī (1905- 1979) and his book al-Taqālid al-islāmiyya wa-l-mabādiʾ al-nāziyya: hal tattafiqān? (“The Islamic Traditions and the Nazi Principles: Can They Agree?”). In this book—which specifically reached out to a Muslim audience—Ṣidqī critically discusses Nazi ideology to show that Islam and Nazism are antithetical. He also strives for convincing the reader of the obligation to refute and to fight against “pagan” Nazi racism. Ṣidqī thus participates in a more broader Arab intellectual current of the 1930s and the time of the Second World War, in which Islam and fascism and Islam and Nazism were perceived as diametrically opposed terms.
The Invention of “Islamofascism”. Nazi Propaganda to the Arab World and Perceptions from Palestine
Authors: Wildangel René
Published: February 2013

Following the 9/11 attacks in New York the term Islamofascism became a widely used and highly ideologically loaded political term. Some historians have introduced the paradigm to analyze the beginning of the Palestine Conflict, concluding that Palestinian Nationalists in the 1930s and 1940s were motivated by anti-Semitism and pro-German sentiment. The article shows how Nazi Germany indeed tried to forge and spread the idea of Islamofascism in publications such as the German-Arabic propaganda newspaper Barīd al-Sharq. But in contrast to what some recent studies on German propaganda to the Near East suggest, an analysis of contemporary local sources indicates that trust in this Islamic propaganda including the radio broadcasting by Nazi Germany was generally low. Despite cases of collaboration, the Arab Palestinian community in the 1930s and 1940s was far from embracing the Islamofascism paradigm and its ideological foundations
The Riverrun of Rewriting Scripture: From Textual Cannibalism to Scriptural Completion
Authors: Petersen Anders Klostergaard
Published: February 2013

Abstract

To retain the concept of rewritten Bible as a scholarly category it is not only crucial to slightly change the name of the notion by re-designating it “rewritten Scripture” but also to accord the term the status of a cross-cultural third-order concept. This will allow research to detach the notion from its somewhat current “parochial” nature intrinsically linked as it is to the study of Second Temple Jewish literature. Rewritten Scripture should be conceived of as an excessive form of intertextuality that signifies the relationship existing between scriptural predecessor and rewritten piece with respect to the question of authority. Apart from advancing the theoretical discussion of the nomenclature, the essay takes a fresh look at a moot point that has loomed large in previous debates, whether rewritten Scripture strives to replace its scriptural predecessor or aims to complement it in an irenic fashion. The acknowledgement of some aspectualism grants legitimacy to both viewpoints, when they are rightfully understood within their proper perspectives. Finally, the article engages in typological considerations that will allow us to distinguish between three continua defined by respectively content, form, and function. Each constitutes a continuum on its own that advantageously may be segmented by several caesuras, which will allow us to differentiate between irenic scriptural completion at the one end of the spectrum and scriptural cannibalism at the other end of the spectrum. The fact that two works belonging to the category diverge on one continuum does not imply a corresponding divergence at other continua.
Multiple Intellectual Engagements?
Authors: Khaldi Boutheina
Published: February 2013

Abstract

This article sketches the trajectories of Arab intellectual thought over the first seven decades of the last century through readings in the careers of three intellectuals. My choice of the Lebanese-Palestinian resident of Egypt Mayy Ziyādah (d. 1941), the Egyptian Ṭāhā Ḥusayn (d. 1973), and the Iraqi ʿAzīz al-Sayyid Jāsim (d. 1991) rests on the premise that only through explorations into cultural encounters and visions of each intellectual’s career and mission can we come to an understanding of thought as a communicative endeavor. Commitment emerges as an intellectual stance formed and informed by educational background and cultural milieu; while testifying at the same time to an irreducibly individual disposition, faithful to a personal unconscious.
The Emergence of the Sixties Generation in Egypt and the Anxiety over Categorization1
Authors: Ramadan Yasmine
Published: February 2013

Abstract

In September 1969 the Egyptian literary journal al-Ṭalīʿah began a feature entitled “Hākadhā yatakallamu al-udabāʾ al-shabāb” (“This Is How the Young Writers Speak”), that sought to understand, analyze, and categorize the emerging literary generation in Egypt. Consisting of a questionnaire that targeted over thirty artists and a series of articles by prominent critics, the feature precipitated fierce debates about the significance of what came to be known as jīl al-sittīnāt—the sixties generation—in Egypt. This article examines the emergence of this generation as documented in the pages of the journals of the time. Here I build upon the work of Elisabeth Kendall and Richard Jacquemond, presenting this feature as an example of what I call the “anxiety over categorization” that dominated literary discussions during this time. These discussions were as much about categorization as they were about the negotiation of power in what Pierre Bourdieu has called “the field of cultural production.” The emergence of a new generation of writers seemed to pose a threat to the established figures in the field, raising questions about whether or not aesthetic innovation was strictly the domain of the young. I read the al-Ṭalīʿah feature against the work of the new writers themselves, as displayed upon the pages of Jālīrī 68. The latter, a short-lived but highly influential avant-garde journal, was created to cater to the literary production of the new generation, and privileged publication of their work over a categorizing discourse. In tracing the generational debates that took place surrounding the emergence of the sixties generation, this anxiety over categorization reveals how power and authority are negotiated in the literary field in Egypt.
Discourses of the 2011 Arab Revolutions
Authors: Seigneurie Ken
Published: February 2013

Abstract

This essay explores cultural discourses that framed the crucial first months of the uprisings that swept through the Arab world beginning in 2011. Methodologically, the essay seeks to show how the techniques of literary analysis can be used to understand the motivating factors of revolution. Three discourses in particular—human rights, progressive commitment and elegiac humanist—provided the practical, political and moral wherewithal for protestors to face overwhelming odds. These discourses were drawn from both Arab culture and world culture, and were a driving force in the revolutionary fervor that swept Egypt, Tunisia, Syria and Bahrain.
Piracy in Asian Waters
Authors: Antony Robert J. , Prange Sebastian R.
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Seafaring, and especially the use of seaborne violence, in the early modern period is strongly associated with European naval activity. In this issue and the next, this perspective is challenged through a sustained interrogation of indigenous piracy in Asian waters. A series of studies highlight the persistence, sophistication, and breathtaking scale of Asian piracy. They show how piracy was deeply ingrained in the social worlds, commercial exchanges, and political contestations across the Asian littoral. Based on these insights, it is argued that the study of piracy reveals the significance of an often-overlooked dimension of Asian maritime enterprise in the early modern period.
Creating Illegitimacy: Negotiating Relations and Reproduction within Christian Contexts in Northwest Namibia
Authors: Pauli Julia
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The stigmatization of children born out of wedlock is not yet common in the rural community of Fransfontein, Northwest Namibia. Comparable to other regions of southern Africa, the birth of a child is very much valued and welcomed regardless of the parent’s marital status, and out-of-wedlock births are very widespread. However, these perceptions are gradually changing. During Sunday mass in the local Protestant church the term /ai-/gôas(b), ‘sin child’, is increasingly being used to name children originating from extramarital affairs of wealthy married men. This moral discourse is sustained by elite men’s wives, who fear their husbands’ out-of-wedlock children will place claims on their husbands’ wealth. The central aim of the paper is to understand these emerging moral evaluations and discuss their implications as well as creations of novel Christian spaces and new forms of distinction and exclusion.
Reconstructing Sexuality in the Shadow of Neoliberal Globalization: Investigating the Approach of Charismatic Churches in Southwestern Nigeria
Authors: Pearce Tola Olu
Published: February 2013

Abstract

This study examines how Charismatic churches in southwestern Nigeria are attempting to construct new social identities through their doctrines on marriage and sexual practices specifically constructed to set them apart from other social groups. I argue that these perspectives on sexuality revolve around narratives of the body, sexual desire, and conjugal sexual pleasure within monogamous marriages. The strong rejection of polygyny and other sexual discourses are linked to the global exchange of ideas. I make the case that an important device for developing these identities is emotion training and a vision for both public and private behavior. This study is a textual analysis of written and audio material that lays bare their theories and practices. The data reveal a focus on shaping sexual desire and building conjugal love, trust, and respect, but the training also molds other emotions such as fear, guilt, and shame.
Afro-Brazilian Pentecostal Re-formations of Relationships Across Two Generations of Mozambican Women
Authors: van de Kamp Linda
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Scholars of Pentecostalism in Africa have repeatedly shown that this religion generally attracts younger generations who perceive the Pentecostal theology of liberation from the bonds of kinship, tradition, and elders as very powerful. This article contributes to the existing scholarly field by examining how different generations of working women and female students in Mozambique find the Afro-Brazilian Pentecostal teachings and practices attractive, particularly when it comes to reshaping their relationships with kin, (ancestral) spirits, and men. It considers how Afro-Brazilian Pentecostalism is helping both younger and older women to reorder their relationships. Drawing on the concept of heterotopia, the role of age is highlighted to demonstrate that Afro-Brazilian Pentecostalism actively seeks to erase important generational hierarchies and differences, turning them into spiritual issues that affect all women regardless of age or generation.
Morph-specific and sex-specific temperature effects on morphology in the colour polymorphic damselfly Ischnura elegans
Authors: Abbott Jessica K.
Published: February 2013

Colour polymorphic species with extensive ranges often exhibit large-scale geographic patterns of morph frequency variation. Because colour polymorphism is associated with correlated differences in multiple traits, such as thermal performance, a likely proximate explanation for such patterns is morph-specific responses to temperature variation. The colour polymorphic Blue-tailed damselfly Ischnura elegans exhibits large-scale geographic variation in morph frequencies, but the possibility that temperature is a proximate explanation for the latitudinal cline in morph frequencies has only ever been tested within a single developmental stage (egg survival and hatching time), where no difference between the morphs was found. I therefore carried out a temperature manipulation on larvae of I. elegans which I raised to maturity in the laboratory. I found that individuals exhibited incomplete compensatory growth after being exposed to cold temperatures, and that individuals which did not emerge successfully and those that experienced cold temperatures had more juvenile morphology in the last instar. In addition, there were sex-specific and morph-specific effects of temperature on adult morphology, such that sexual size dimorphism was increased when individuals experienced warm temperatures throughout the larval stage, and that cold temperatures tended to result in larger size of androchromes and their offspring compared to the other morphs. These results are generally consistent with the large-scale geographic variation in morph frequencies found in this species.
Ovarian morphology and oogenesis of Leptodesmus dentellus (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Chelodesmidae)
Authors: Zirondi Márcia C. , Pinheiro Tamaris G. , Fontanetti Carmem S.
Published: February 2013

This study presents the ovarian morphology and the dynamics of the vitellogenesis process in the oocytes of the diplopod Leptodesmus dentellus. The oocytes are arranged in clusters called ovisacs which are distributed in pairs along the midline of the body forming the ovary. Regions similar to the germarium appear paired in the anterior region of the ovary; however, the development of the oocytes of this species does not follow a regionalisation in the reproductive organ. Cells in three developmental stages are found throughout the length of the ovary. Calcium, proteins, lipids and neutral polysaccharides were detected in the oocytes of L. dentellus. The polysaccharides and the proteins found in the oocytes have a double origin: endogenous, with the participation of the germinative vesicle, and exogenous, from follicular epithelium. The origin of the lipids is exogenous, i.e., they are incorporated into the oocytes, probably derived from the perivisceral fat body, which are highly developed in this region. The deposition of calcium is pre-vitellogenic and probably functions as a reserve during the juvenile stages.
The Theological Meaning of Jesus’ Resurrection: A Content Analysis of Mainline and Conservative Protestant Easter Sunday Sermons
Authors: Haskell David M.
Published: February 2013

Abstract

This Canadian study qualitatively analyzed the texts of 35 conservative and 34 mainline Protestant Easter Sunday sermons. With the goal of indentifying similarities and differences between the conservative and mainline texts, the sermons were examined to determine 1) what they said about the purpose and meaning of Jesus’ resurrection and 2) the degree to which those explanations more broadly reflected adherence to the doctrine of Biblical authority. Among other findings, it was determined that sermons in both groups linked Jesus’ resurrection to supernatural boons for believers (i.e., eternal life, divine power in this life, or both). However, when referencing these supernatural gains the two groups differed in terms of proportion and manner of explication. All the conservative Protestant sermons referenced one or more supernatural benefits but less than two-thirds of the mainline sermons did so; the remaining mainline texts posited that the resurrection’s theological meaning was metaphorical and served to reveal a key existential lesson. Furthermore, conservative Protestant sermons always supported their theological claims with scriptural proof-texts while the vast majority of mainline sermons did not (the exception being sermons preached in rural mainline churches). Overall, strong adherence to the doctrine of Biblical authority was evidenced in the conservative Protestant sermons while the mainline sermons did not evidence strong adherence to that doctrine. Implications and possible explanations of these results are discussed.
Conservation on the High Seas: Developing the Concept of the High Seas Marine Protected Areas
Authors: Scott Karen N.
Published: February 2013

Abstract

This article explores developments in connection with marine protected areas (MPAs) on the high seas, beginning with a brief survey of existing high seas MPAs, recent initiatives such as the designation of the South Orkney Islands MPA, the creation of a network of OSPAR MPAs and the work undertaken by the UN General Assembly on developing a framework for oceans governance in areas beyond national jurisdiction. It considers: the absence of a clear legal basis for the creation of MPAs on the high seas; the relationship between MPA designation and traditional high seas freedoms; and the complex jurisdictional arrangements that govern activities on and in the high seas.
Law of the Sea Perspectives on Climate Change
Authors: Boyle Alan
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The Law of the Sea Convention was negotiated at a time when climate change was not yet part of the international environmental agenda. Nevertheless, it is not a static or immutable legal regime and it is not difficult to apply Part XII to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and climate change insofar as they affect the marine environment. However, it is doubtful whether viewing climate change from the perspective of the law of the marine environment greatly alters the overall picture. At best it provides a vehicle for compulsory dispute settlement notably lacking in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) regime. Realistically, while the 1982 Convention may import any newly agreed standards for the control of GHGs, it is not a substitute for further agreement within the UNFCCC framework.
The Common Heritage of Mankind
Authors: Lodge Michael W.
Published: February 2013

Abstract

One of the key features of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea is its recognition that the seabed and its resources beyond national jurisdiction are the common heritage of mankind. Part XI of the Convention gives precise legal meaning to this term. The International Seabed Authority is responsible for implementing the common heritage principle. Since the Authority was established in 1994, a comprehensive legal regime for the Area has been established. Despite initial problems, the international machinery for the administration of this regime is functioning well. The Authority has made good progress, on the basis of the evolutionary approach set out in the 1994 Agreement, in elaborating a regulatory regime for access to the resources of the Area. Much more work remains to be done, however; in particular, if the economic benefits of the common heritage are to be realized.
The Law of the Sea Convention and Underwater Cultural Heritage
Authors: Scovazzi Tullio
Published: February 2013

Abstract

As far as underwater cultural heritage is concerned, the regime of the Law of the Sea Convention (LOSC) is fragmentary, insufficient and even counterproductive. The English text of Art. 303, para. 3, can be interpreted as an invitation to the looting of the heritage under a first-come-first-served, or “freedom-of-fishing,” criterion. Only Art. 149, which applies only to “the Area”, takes into consideration the need to use the heritage for the benefit of mankind and the preferential rights of some States. The 2001 UNESCO Convention for the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage tries to bring a remedy to the disastrous aspects of the LOSC regime. In short, even the LOSC can be bad, albeit in very rare instances, and the case of underwater cultural heritage is the most notable one.
Departures from the Coast: Trends in the Application of Territorial Sea Baselines under the Law of the Sea Convention
Authors: Schofield Clive
Published: February 2013

Abstract

Baselines are crucial to the definition of maritime claims and the delimitation of maritime boundaries. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) provides for several distinct types of baseline. These various baselines are discussed relative to their practical application over the past three decades. While some LOSC baseline provisions have proved to be well drafted and have led to broad compliance, the loose language contained in other baselines Articles has resulted in their being interpreted liberally. Contemporary and emerging trends and challenges are also highlighted.
The Persisting Problem of Non-compliance with the Law of the Sea Convention: Disorder in the Oceans
Authors: Churchill Robin
Published: February 2013

Abstract

There is widespread and persisting non-compliance in relation to many of the provisions of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea. This is a matter of serious concern because it undermines the integrity and legitimacy of the Convention, causes disputes and harms the marine environment. To remedy the situation, more use should be made of existing mechanisms to induce compliance, especially the possibilities of compulsory dispute settlement under Part XV of the Convention, retorsion and counter-measures, and by developing compliance mechanisms for other treaties that indirectly help to promote compliance with the Convention. In some cases assistance in capacity building may also be desirable.
The Law of the Sea Convention: No Place for Persons?
Authors: Papanicolopulu Irini
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The article, adopting an innovative approach to the law of the sea, discusses the place and role reserved to persons in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) and the legal regime of which it is a part. The LOSC and other law of the sea agreements are examined, focussing on provisions that mention persons, their rights and their duties. Shortcomings identified include: the difficulty to configure persons as the beneficiaries of rights and the recipient of duties and the ensuing uncertain subjectivity of persons under the law of the sea; the presence of numerous gaps and inconsistencies in the existing legal regulation; the unavailability of mechanisms to address violations of duties by states. The conclusions draw attention to the potential of the LOSC and other treaties to further develop the international legal regime applicable to persons at sea and to provide an adequate place for persons in the law of the sea.
Fisheries Jurisdiction under the Law of the Sea Convention: Rights and Obligations in Maritime Zones under the Sovereignty of Coastal States
Authors: Tsamenyi Martin , Hanich Quentin
Published: February 2013

Abstract

International fisheries governance contains no specific provisions detailing States’ rights and obligations in respect of fisheries in maritime zones classified as falling under the sovereignty of coastal States, namely: internal waters, archipelagic waters and territorial seas. Using a case-study of the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission, this article demonstrates that there is still a gap in international fisheries governance relating to fisheries in ‘waters under sovereignty’ which requires remedying, and concludes by providing some possible management options to fill the gap.
Marine Scientific Research: Its Potential Contribution to Achieving Responsible High Seas Governance
Authors: Verlaan Philomène
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The absence of an internationally agreed definition for marine scientific research (MSR), coupled with the high seas freedom status of ‘scientific research’, raise, inter alia, questions of marine environmental protection on the high seas. The international community finds it particularly difficult to deal with activities on the high seas generally and especially so when these involve high seas freedoms. This difficulty, usually described as one of high seas governance, is manifesting itself in a growing range of contexts, and constitutes one of the principal challenges now facing the LOSC. This article briefly describes the response by the parties to the London Convention 1972 and its 1996 Protocol to a MSR activity proposed to be conducted on the high seas, highlights certain implications of this response for MSR specifically and high seas freedoms generally, and suggests a consequent way forward in addressing the broader high seas governance issues under the LOSC.
The Law of the Sea Convention at 30: Successes, Challenges and New Agendas
Authors: Freestone David
Published: February 2013

Abstract

The introduction to this volume of 20 essays by Law of the Sea scholars, published to mark the 30th Anniversary of the adoption of the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, highlights some of the strengths of the legal regime established by the Convention, and reviews some of the more significant lacunae in the Convention regime. Recognising the significant changes that have taken place in scientific knowledge and political agendas in the thirty years since 1982, it reviews the challenges that these new agendas pose to the Convention regime.
International Models of Child Participation in Family Law Proceedings following Parental Separation / Divorce
Authors: Taylor Nicola , Fitzgerald Robyn , Morag Tamar , Bajpai Asha , Graham Anne
Published: February 2013

This article reports on the findings of a 2009 survey conducted under the auspices of the Childwatch International Research Network about how children’s participation rights, as set out in Articles 12 and 13 of the UNCRC, are respected in private family law proceedings internationally. Court-based and alternative dispute resolution processes and the roles of relevant professionals engaged in child-inclusive practices are considered, as well as religious, indigenous and customary law methods of engaging with children. The findings from the 13 participating countries confirm an increasing international commitment to enhancing children’s participation in family law decision-making, but depict a wide variety of approaches being used to achieve this. Case studies from Australia, India, Israel and New Zealand are included to illustrate differing models of children’s participation currently in use in decision-making processes following parental separation.
Narrativity and Empiricism in Classical Indian Accounts of Birth and Death: The Mahābhārata and the Saṃhitās of Caraka and Suśruta
Authors: Smith Frederick M.
Published: February 2013

This paper will address the relationship between the
Mahābhārata's representation of the physical processes of
birth and death and similar material found in the classical ayurvedic texts of
Caraka and Suśruta, which are roughly contemporaneous with the Sanskrit epic
(second century BCE–second century CE). My primary source in the
Mahābhārata (MBh) is the
Anugītā, the second, and lesser known, dialogue between
kṛṣṇa and Arjuna. This 'subsidiary Gītā is situated in the fourteenth book
(parvan) of the epic, the Āśvamedhika
parvan, which ostensibly deals with the horse sacrifice
(aśvamedha) performed by the victorious king Yudhiṣṭhira
after the conclusion of the great war. The relevant chapters of the
Anugītā (MBh 14.17–18) contain fascinating
and practically unknown material on the physical processes of birth and death,
on embryology, and on physical dissolution. I will explicate this material, and
then compare it with selected passages from the Caraka-Saṃhitā
and the Suśruta-Saṃhitā. I shall then ask why, given
considerable evidence for intertextuality between the MBh and the āyurvedic
compendia, the classical medical texts did not include this interesting material
and why the Mahābhārata did. In exploring this question, I must
inquire into the scientific, or at least empirical, principles utilised in the
medical texts that would force their authors to exclude the MBh
material they probably knew well, in order to frame a particular kind of
discourse.