bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RESTORATION OF HYBRIDOMA CELLS LINES AFTER UNSUITABLE STORAGE
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Baidakova K.B. ,   Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine” of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The ongoing war in Ukraine has disrupted the infrastructure of cryopreservation, compromising the viability of hybridoma cell lines that are critical to therapeutic antibody production. This study focuses on hybridoma cells that produce antibodies targeting protein C. They were damaged by wrong preservation conditions: in a freezer at -80 °C. The aim of the study was to identify optimal culture conditions for restoring the functionality and antibody production capacity of these compromised hybridoma cells. Materials and methods. The cryopreserved hybridoma clone, producing the IV-6A antibody, was used. After thawing, the cells were cultured in RPMI medium supplemented with 10% of three different commercially available Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) variants: F7524 and F2442 (Sigma, USA) and One Shot format A5256701 (Gibco, USA). Cell vitality was monitored through daily observations with a light microscope. Quality assessment of antibody production was conducted through ELISA analysis. The binding capacity of the purified antibody was compared against a reference. Results. Hybridoma cells cultured in RPMI medium with F7524 or F2442 FBS exhibited a significant decrease in viability by day 4. Conversely, cells cultured with A5256701 FBS displayed high viability and an exponential growth pattern. ELISA confirmed that these cells retained the ability to produce the monoclonal antibody IV-6A. However, the purified antibody from the restored cell line showed a slightly less intensive binding capacity compared to the reference antibody. Conclusions. Despite the lasting improper storage conditions, the hybridoma cells were successfully restored retaining their ability to produce monoclonal antibodies specific to protein C.
THE EFFECT OF CAFETERIA DIET AND SOCIAL ISOLATION ON SOME BIOCHEMICAL, PHYSIOLOGIGAL AND BEHAVIOR PARAMETERS IN MICE
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology of the Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Derkachov V.P.
Published: May 2024

Recent studies have shown that social isolation can impact weight regulation and eating patterns in mice. Isolated mice tend to consume more food, especially high-calorie palatable foods, engage in less physical activity, and exhibit dysregulation in appetite hormones like leptin and ghrelin. Aim. The purpose of this study was to test the effects of cafeteria diet and social isolation on physiological and biochemical indicators in mice. Methods. Female C57BL/6J mice were divided into four groups: group-housed on regular diet, group-housed on cafeteria diet (high-fat, sugary foods), socially isolated on regular diet, and socially isolated on cafeteria diet. Body mass, food/water intake were measured over 12 weeks. Blood glucose, behavior in an open field test, protein levels, paraoxonase and myeloperoxidase activity were measured in the end of experiment. Results showed that cafeteria diet and social isolation each led to increased body mass, food intake, and blood glucose levels compared to group-housed mice on regular diet. Socially isolated mice on cafeteria diet exhibited the greatest weight gain and food consumption. In behavior tests, only the isolated cafeteria diet group showed increased locomotor activity suggestive of depression-like behavior. Biochemical analysis revealed metabolic dysregulation, heightened oxidative stress, and inflammatory changes in cafeteria diet and socially isolated groups compared to controls. Conclusion. Social isolation combined with unhealthy diet exacerbated physiological disruptions related to weight gain, feeding behavior, metabolic health, and depressive symptoms in mice.
CALIX[4]ARENES С-715 AND С-772 AS INSTRUMENTS OF INFLUENCE ON Са2+-TRANSPORT AND BIOENERGETICS IN MYOMETRIAL MITOCHONDRIA
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv., Forys I.S.
Published: May 2024

Aim. The goal of work is to study the effects of calix[4]arenes C-715 and C-772 on Ca2+-transport, the electron transport chain activity, and the reactive oxygen species generation in the mitochondria of rat uterine smooth muscle. Methods. Measurement of changes in NADH autofluorescence, as well as the energy-dependent accumulation of Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species generation in the fraction of isolated mitochondria was carried out using the spectrofluorimetry method. The hydrodynamic diameter of mitochondria was measured using the laser correlation spectroscopy method. Results. It was found that calix[4]arenes C-715 and C-772 moderately inhibit both the NADH oxidation and the energy-dependent Ca2+ accumulation by isolated mitochondria. We also showed that the studied calix[4]arenes, depending on concentration and time, reduce the level of reactive oxygen species generation by mitochondria. Additionally, it was revealed that the studied compounds moderately increase mitochondria hydrodynamic diameter depending on concentration. Conclusions. Studied calix[4]arenes slow down the oxidation of NADH in isolated mitochondria, which represents an inhibitory effect on the electron transport chain functioning, in particular its complex I. Since this might lower the electrochemical potential of the inner mitochondrial membrane, we observed reduce of energy-dependent Ca2+ accumulation. Selected compounds decrease the level of reactive oxygen species generation by isolated mitochondria, which could be considered as protective effect on organelles. A moderate increase in mitochondria hydrodynamic diameter suggests that the studied compounds do not cause mitochondrial dysfunction. Researched calix[4]arenes can be used in experimental practice to influence the mitochondrial functional activity.
BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF GASTRIC JUICE IN INCOMPETENCE OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL GASTRIC CARDIA
Authors:   State Institution “Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Halinska A.M. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Ukraine.
Published: May 2024

Aim. This study aimed to evaluate the biochemical characteristics of gastric juice in cases incompetence of the physiological cardia (IPC) at the gastroesophageal junction. Methods. Gastric juice samples were collected from 42 patients diagnosed with hiatal hernia (HH) at the State Institution "Institute of Gastroenterology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine". Patients were classified into type I (sliding) HH (n=26) and type II (paraesophageal) HH (n=16), with a control group of healthy volunteers (n=9). Results. Analysis included pH, pepsin concentration, bile acids, total calcium and stable metabolites of nitric oxide (NOx). In type I HH, gastric juice showed increased pH (3.73±0.49) and elevated pepsin concentration (1.33±0.22 mg/ml) compared to controls (p<0.01 and P<0.05 respectively), indicating hypoacidity and hyperfunction of chief cells. Type II HH exhibited pH levels (2.34±0.72) similar to controls and no significant difference in pepsin concentration. NOx levels in type I HH were lower (P<0.05) compared to controls, suggesting reduced NOergic system activity. Calcium concentration in gastric juice did not significantly differ between groups. Conclusions. These findings suggest that type I HH is associated with disturbances in gastric secretion regulation, possibly unrelated to duodenogastric reflux. Further investigation is warranted to elucidate the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms.
ERN1 KNOCKDOWN AFFECTS THE EXPRESSION OF PDHA1, PDHB, PDHX, DLD, AND DLAT GENES AND MODIFIES THEIR HYPOXIC REGULATION
Authors:   Educational and Scientific CenterInstitute of Biology and Medicine” of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Khikhlo Y.P. ,   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv.
Published: May 2024

Aim. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ERN1 in the regulation of the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex genes in U87MG glioma cells. Methods. We used qPCR analysis to study the role of hypoxia, caused by incubating cells in 0.5 mM dimethyloxalylglycine for 4 hours, in the expression of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex genes as well as its interaction with the ERN1 endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway in U87 glioma cell culture. Three glioma cell culture lines were used in the study (control glioma cells, cells with complete blockade of the enzymatic activity of ERN1 protein, and cells with inactivation of endoribonuclease only). Results. It has been demonstrated that the expression level of most PHD genes decreases under hypoxic conditions in control glioma cells and cells with ERN1 blockade. Conclusions. It is important to note that the effect of hypoxia is gene-specific and dependent on the activity of ERN1 protein for some genes. It has also been demonstrated that different genes are regulated by different enzymatic activities of the ERN1 signaling protein. The PDHX and DLD genes are regulated by the protein kinase activity of ERN1, PDHA1 and PDHB proteins by the endoribonuclease of ERN1, and the DLAT gene is regulated by both enzymatic activities.
COMBINED EFFECT OF ETHYLTHIOSULFАNYLATE AND VITAMIN E ON THE ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY OF AMINOTRANSFERASES IN RAT BLOOD PLASMA UNDER THE TOXIC EFFECT OF Cr(VI)
Authors:   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, Lviv, Ukraine, Kotyk B.I.
Published: May 2024

Aim. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of ethylthiosulfаnylate (ETS) and vitamin E on the enzymatic activity of blood plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of rats exposed to Cr(VI). Methods. The study was performed on male Wistar rats divided into 6 groups of 5 animals each. The animals were administrated with: group I (control) – physiological saline for 7 days; group III – 2.5 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. for 14 days; group II – oil for 14 days; group IV – vitamin E oil solution [20 mg/kg b.w.] for 14 days; group V – ETS oil solution [100 mg/kg b.w.] and vitamin E [20 mg/kg b.w.] for 14 days; group VI – ETS oil solution [100 mg/kg b.w.] and vitamin E [20 mg/kg b.w.] for 14 days, after which 2.5 mg Cr(VI)/kg b.w. for 14 days. We determined the activity of AST, ALT and de Ritis coefficient in blood plasma. Results: The activity of AST, ALT significantly increased (by 40%, 122%) and de Ritis coefficient significantly decreased (by 37%) in the blood plasma of rats after 14 days of Cr(VI) toxicity. AST, ALT increased (by 24%, 61%) also after combined exposure to ETS and vitamin E by subsequent 14-day exposure to Cr(VI) in the blood plasma of rats. Conclusion: Cr(VI)-induced stimulation of blood plasma AST and ALT was twofold lower after combined pretreatment with ETS and vitamin E.
SELECTIVE SODIUM PUMP INHIBITOR CALIX[4]ARENE C-1130 INCREASES CONCENTRATION OF Ca IONS IN SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Melnyk V.V.
Published: May 2024

Aim. This work aimed to determine the biochemical regularities of calix[4]arene C-1130 effect on the activity of Nа+,К+-АТРase and Са2+ level in PM of smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Methods. Calix[4]arene C-1130 was synthesized and characterized in the Institute of Organic Chemistry of NAS of Ukraine. Biochemical studies were carried out in the Department of Muscle Biochemistry of Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, NAS of Ukraine. The experiments were performed on a suspension of myometrial cells and the PM fraction. Determination of the intracellular Са2+ concentration was done by confocal microscopy. The hydrodynamic diameter of myocytes was determined by dynamic light scattering. Results. We have studied the dependence of the activity of Nа+,К+-АТРase of PM on the concentration of Mg ions and ATP at different concentrations of calix[4]arene C-1130. The affinities of Nа+,К+-АТРase for ATP and Mg ions remained unaffected by the presence of calix[4]arene C-1130. However, a notable reduction in the initial maximum velocity of enzymatic ATP hydrolysis was observed. Overall, it indicates a non-competitive mechanism of inhibition of Nа+,К+-АТРase by C-1130. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that calix[4]arene C-1130 elevates Са2+ concentration within myometrial myocytes. Photon-correlation spectroscopy revealed that C-1130 reduces the effective hydrodynamic diameter of SMCs. Conclusions. We have shown that calix[4]arene C-1130 does not affect the activation coefficient for Mg ions and the apparent Michaelis constant Кm for ATP, but it reduces the maximum initial velocity Vmax of the ATP hydrolysis reaction. Thus, calix[4]arene C-1130 acts as a complete non-competitive inhibitor of Nа+,К+-АТРase of PM.
ANTICOAGULANT PROPERTIES OF RECOMBINANT ANNEXIN А5
Authors:   Palladin Institute of Biochemistry of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, SAVCHENKO D. O. ,   National University “Kyiv-Mohyla Academy”, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

Aim: Because of its involvement in membrane properties, annexin A5 has a significant impact on membrane-dependent processes within hemostasis, including the initiation of the coagulation cascade, the activation of factor X and prothrombin, and the function of protein C on membrane surfaces. By binding to phosphatidylserine, annexin A5 acts as a protective shield, masking exposed phospholipid surfaces and exerting a general anticoagulant effect. Considering the significant influence of annexin A5 on the activation of hemostatic compounds on cell surfaces, it is crucial to further investigate its mechanisms. Methods: After purification of polyHis-Tag proteins by immobilized metal affinity chromatography from E. coli Rosetta cell biomass, we checked the purity of the eluate by SDS-PAGE. We performed APTT test, PT test and platelet aggregation to find out the anticoagulation influence of recombinant annexin A5 in these tests. Results: Annexin in the highest concentration of 40 μg/ml prolonged blood plasma clotting time in activated partial thrombin time by almost 50%, blood plasma clotting time in prothrombin time by almost 15% and did not influence the rate of platelet aggregation. Conclusion: It can be assumed that its anticoagulant effect is directed to the enzyme complexes of the hemostasis system and does not extend to platelet receptors. The obtained protein can be used to study the activation of hemostatic components on cell surfaces.
RETINOBLASTOMA CELLS OVEREXPRESSING THE MRPS18-2 PROTEIN COULD BE DIFFERENTIATED in vitro
Authors:   R. E. Kavetsky Institute of Experimental Pathology, Oncology and Radiobiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Savin D.A. ,   Educational and Scientific Center “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: May 2024

The mitochondrial ribosomal protein MRPS18-2 is involved in cell cycle regulation through its interaction with the retinoblastoma-associated protein, RB. Earlier we have shown that this protein plays an important role in homeostasis of normal and tumor cells, embryogenesis, and in the maintenance of cell stemness. We also found that the MRPS18-2 protein is transactivated by a transcription factor KLF4, one of the Yamanaka factors, inducing cell pluripotency. The aim of the present work was to study the functional consequences of overexpression of the MRPS18-2 and RB proteins in the retinoblastoma cell line (WERI RB 27), concerning putative directed differentiation in vitro. Methods. Direct multipotent differentiation was conducted with cocktails of chemicals for osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic lineages. Ca+2 ions were stained with Alizarin Red, triglycerides – with Oil Red O, and glycosaminoglycans - with Alcian blue. Results. Parental cells WERI RB-27 did not differentiate upon treatment with any of chemical cocktails, cells remained in suspension and did not change morphology. At the same time, cells that overexpressed MRPS18-2 have demonstrated their differentiation ability into osteo-, chondro-, and adipo-lineages. Conclusions. Thus, we have shown that overexpression of the MRPS18-2 protein in WERI RB 27 cells leads to changes in cell morphology and to ability of the directed multipotent differentiation in vitro. Hence, the MRPS18-2 protein plays a significant role in cancerogenesis and cell stemness.
AGE-RELATED CHARACTERISTICS OF GLUTATHIONE-DEPENDENT ENZYMES FUNCTIONING IN RATS UNDER CONDITIONS OF TOXIC INJURY BY ACETAMINOPHEN
Authors:   Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Ukraine, Ursatyi М.S.
Published: May 2024

Aim. The study is dedicated to evaluating the enzymatic activities of the glutathione system in liver cells of rats from different age groups under conditions of toxic injury caused by acetaminophen. In the experiments, rats of two age categories were used: young (138–150 days) and mature age (348–360 days). Mehods. Acute toxic injury from acetaminophen was induced by administering it per os at a dose of 1250 mg/kg of animal body weight during the last two days of the experiment. Results. Under conditions of simulated acute toxic injury by the medicinal xenobiotic acetaminophen in the livers of young and mature rats, a decrease was observed in glutathione-S-transferase, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase activities. A significant decrease in non-Se-glutathione peroxidase in liver cells is observed only in mature animals that were administered toxic doses of acetaminophen. The influence of the age component can be considered as one of the critically important factors in suppressing the functional activity of the glutathione-dependent enzymatic system, manifested by decreased activity of glutathione-S-transferase, non-Se-glutathione peroxidase, Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase under conditions of toxic injury caused by the medicinal xenobiotic acetaminophen. A more pronounced decrease in glutathione-dependent enzymes under conditions of acetaminophen intoxication is observed in animals aged 360 days. Cunclusion. The consequence of the established changes could be the disruption of acetaminophen biotransformation in Phase II involving the glutathione system, which can be considered as one of the risk factors for the development of drug-induced hepatotoxicity in different age groups.
VITAMIN D3 AFFECTS GLUCOCORTICOID-SENSITIVE RECEPTORS AND BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR IN PREDNISOLONE-INDUCED NEUROTOXICITY
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yevstifeiev D.I.
Published: May 2024

Aim. The study aimed to explore the effects of vitamin D3 (D3) on markers of brain tissue metabolism in prednisolone-induced neurotoxicity in rats. Methods. Female Wistar rats received prednisolone (5 mg/kg of b.w.) with or without D3 (1000 IU/kg of b.w.) for 30 days. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3) and brain tissue BDNF levels were measured by ELISA. We used western blotting to determine levels of glucocorticoid-sensitive receptors: GRα/β (glucocorticoid receptor) and MR (mineralocorticoid receptor). The number of astrocytes in histological sections of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus CA1-CA3 regions was assessed by immunofluorescent labeling of the macroglial marker protein GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein). Data were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test. The significant level was set at P < 0.05. Results. Long-term administration of prednisolone decreased serum and brain tissue 25D3 levels and increased the GR/MR ratio, suggesting a potential neurotoxic effect. It also increased brain tissue BDNF levels and astrocyte numbers in histological sections of rats` brains. D3 supplementation completely or partially reversed the alterations, elucidating its neuroprotective effect. Conclusions. The study suggests that D3 deficiency may contribute to neuropathological changes induced by long-term exposure to prednisolone. Based on the identified positive effects of D3 on the CNS, its practical usefulness in the complex treatment of neurological and cognitive disorders associated with GC-based therapeutics can be envisaged.
COMPUTER SIMULATION OF ELECTRICAL PROCESSES WHEN APPEARING PARTIAL DISCHARGES IN MODERN POLYMER INSULATION OF POWER CABLES
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi Ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Shcherba A.A. , Podoltsev O.D. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi Ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Hutorova M.S. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi Ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

A Simulink model of modern polymer insulation of power cables with a spherical gas micro-inclusion, in which high-frequency partial discharges (PDs) occur, has been developed. The magnitude of the voltage both at the beginning of the PD appearance and during its decay was taken into account during numerical calculations and research of such threshold electro-physical processes as PD in solid polymer insulation. The dependence of the voltage drop on the gas micro-inclusion on its size, as well as the time interval between discharges, which is necessary for the formation of free electrons in this gas micro-inclusion, as a necessary condition for the appearance of the next PD, was also taken into account. Based on the results of the calculations, the electro-physical dependences that occur during the PD, such as the influence of the size of the inclusion, the amplitude and frequency of the applied sinusoidal voltage on the above-mentioned characteristics were investigated. It has been revealed that with an increase in the diameter d of a gas mi-croinclusion, such characteristics as the number of discharges per period and the charge of one PD also increase, and this charge increases in proportion to a power function . When the voltage on the cable insulation increases, the number of PDs per period increases, which causes an increase in other characteristics, and when the frequency of the applied voltage increases, the average value of the PDs current increases almost proportionally to the increase in this frequency. Having obtained the results of the calculation of the level of PDs that occur when high-frequency voltage is applied, it is possible to obtain results for the main characteristics of PDs that occur at other frequencies, in particular at the industrial frequency of 50 Hz, which will make it possible to predict the technical condition of the insulation in terms of the residual resource of its trouble-free operation. References 18, figures 6, table 1.
ENERGY DISSIPATION BY LOW MOLECULAR SUBSTANCES DURING ELECTRIC FIELD PROBING OF MULTI-CORE CABLES OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Authors:   National Technical University “Kharkov Polytechnic institute”, Str. Kirpichova, 2, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine, Bezprozvannych G.V.
Published: May 2024

A model of the piece-homogeneous interphase space of stranded cables is proposed, taking into account the influence of cracks oriented along the lines of force of the electric field. The cracks are filled with low molecular weight substances. The case of a probing electric field with a significant tangential component is considered.. The equivalent values of the tangent of the dielectric loss angle at various parameters of low molecular weight substances in the cracks of the polyethylene insulation of the conductor with a cross section of 2.5 mm2 were determined. The equivalent tangent of the angle of dielectric loss increases by (3-20) times when the dissipation of electrical energy by low molecular weight substances changes from 10% to 100% in a crack, which is 1% of the thickness of an intact section of polyethylene insulation. The distribution of the electric field for the general case of accumulation of low-molecular products in capillaries formed by slit-like gaps between isolated veins is obtained. A strong electric field in the smaller part of the gap between the insulated cores, which occurs at a core potential of 1 kV, contributes to the capillary absorption of decomposition products of both solid polyethylene insulation and water vapor from the atmosphere in the case of unshielded structures of multi-core cables. The asymmetric configuration of the probing electric field with a significant tangential component makes it possible to detect low-molecular decomposition products of solid polymer insulation, which are a sign of its aging. Differences experimentally observed in the value of tgδ with different schemes of examination of multi-core cables are related, to a greater extent, to the uneven distribution of substances dissipating electrical energy across the cross-section of the cable, and not to a change in the structure of the probing electric field. References 11, figure 5.
DETERMINATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE EXTERNAL ELECTRIC FIELD OF THE SUPPORT ROD INSULATOR ON ITS DRY DISCHARGE VOLTAGE
Authors:   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, ave. Heroyiv Ukraine, 9, Mykolaiv, 54025, Ukraine, Palchykov О.О.
Published: May 2024

A mathematical model has been developed for calculating the internal and external electric field of insulators based on the solution of the Laplace equation with respect to the phasor of the electric potential using the finite element method. The specified model has been used to calculate electric field intensity distributions in the surrounding air spaces of support-rod insulators С4-80-I, C4-80-II and also C4-80-IIСm (Chinese-made). It has been proposed to establish a relationship between the distribution of the electric field around the insulators and their test dry discharge voltage based on the average integral values of the modulus of the electric field intensity along the possible paths of the dis-charge, taking into account the sign of its tangential component. The average integral values of the electric field have been compared with the known experimental values of the air breakdown intensity between two rod electrodes, as well as in the electrode system of the rod and the grounded plane. It has been shown that the most probable path of devel-opment of the discharge for each of the considered insulators is the path closest to the minimum distance in the air between the cap and the flange, the discharge process is two-stage (firstly the section «cap-the rib nearest to the cap» is broken down), and the breakdown intensity of the air around the insulators corresponds to the breakdown intensity between two rod electrodes (the difference in values was 2,1...5,9%). References 10, tables 3, figures 3.
DYNAMIC MODEL OF AN ITERATIVE ELECTRIC FEED DRIVE WITH TWO SCREW GEARS FOR PRECISION MACHINE TOOLS AND MACHINING CENTERS
Authors:   National Technical University “Kharkov Polytechnic institute”, Str. Kirpichova, 2, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine, Khudiayev O.A. , Pshenychnykov D.O. ,   National Technical University “Kharkov Polytechnic institute”, Str. Kirpichova, 2, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine, Klepikov V.B. ,   National Technical University “Kharkov Polytechnic institute”, Str. Kirpichova, 2, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine, Obruch I.V. ,   National Technical University “Kharkov Polytechnic institute”, Str. Kirpichova, 2, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

A variant of a simplified design diagram is proposed and the corresponding kinematic diagram of a two-motor gearless drive mechanism with two screw gears (SG) is given for an iterative two-channel electric drive for the longitudinal feed of the working tool (worktable with a product) of a coordinate multi-purpose metal-cutting machine of especially high precision, model 24K70AF4. Compensators of the negative dynamic interaction of load control channels have been determined. A generalized dynamic model of the cutting process has been constructed, taking into account both the inertia of the cutting process and the influence of the machine “WT-cutter” elastic system dynamics. A dynamic model of a conditional compensator for the cutting process is determined and calculated. A refined mathematical model of motion in steady-state feed modes of the two-channel electric drive has been obtained, taking into account the compensation of the dynamic interaction of the channels on the load and the influence of friction nonlinearities in the drive mechanism and the working tool of the machine. A structural-algorithmic diagram of an iterative two-channel compensated feed electric drive with two SGs and subordinated adjustment of control channels has been designed. The diagram includes a generalized dynamic model of the cutting process and a dynamic model of the corresponding conditional compensator for the cutting process, and also takes into account the main static moments of resistance and nonlinearity of friction in the drive load. References 13, tables 2, figures 5.
MODEL OF OPTIMAL ALLOCATION OF HYDRO-RESOURCES OF HPP WITH CAPACITY RESERVATION FOR AUTOMATIC ASYMMETRICAL FREQUENCY RESTORATION
Authors:   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi Ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Parus Ye.V. , Blinov I.V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi Ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Miroshnyk V.O. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi Ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Rybyna O.B. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi Ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Olefir D.O. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi Ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine, Sychova V.V. ,   Institute of Electrodynamics National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Beresteiskyi Ave., 56, Kyiv, 03057, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The publication is devoted to the development of a mathematical model for the optimal allocation of hydro resources among hydroelectric units of HPPs for the production of electric energy and the provision of automatic frequency res-toration reserves with an asymmetric adjustment range. The concept of building a mathematical model for the optimiza-tion problem is presented. The main goal of the optimization is to maximize the benefit of the power generation com-pany from the use of available hydro resources for the production of electricity and the provision of services for the regulation of IPS of Ukraine modes. Areas of determining the main characteristics of the operation mode of hydro-power units of HPPs were studied and a system of restrictions on the load capacity of hydrounits was formed. A system of restrictions to control the balance of water resources in the reservoir and a system of restrictions to control the val-ues of water runoff for hydroelectric power stations have been defined. For the level of the power generating company, a system of restrictions on the control of the minimum values of the volumes of electricity and ancillary services for the fulfillment of already concluded agreements, as well as a system of restrictions on the control of the volumes of electric-ity and ancillary services within the predicted volumes of market demand, has been formed. The structure is substanti-ated and the components of the target function are described. Approaches to solving the problem of forecasting the amount of electrical energy imbalances on the balancing market of Ukraine are defined. Peculiarities of the process of finding optimal solutions regarding the loading levels of hydropower units with available hydro resources have been studied. The presence of the effects of "economic impracticality of the full use of available water resources" was noted, and the main consequences of the manifestations of this effect were investigated. References 12, figures 3, tables 2.
E-NAM – Digital Agricultural Market: Challenges and Opportunities in India
Authors:   Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University Rajpura 140401, Punjab, Garg Mohit , Singhal Shelly ,   Chitkara Business School, Chitkara University Rajpura 140401, Punjab
Published: May 2024

Agriculture is one of the most crucial sectors of the Indian economy. Growth and development of agriculture and allied sectors directly affect the well-being of people at large, rural prosperity, and employment opportunities, and theyit forms an important resource base for many agricultural- based industries. Following independence, agricultural production in India has improved significantly. But there is a deficiency in the agricultural marketing framework in India. The system of agricultural marketing in India has a long path-way between the producer and the ultimate consumer of agricultural produce (Gopal Naik et al. 2002:,Basu 2020). To shorten this path, the government of India broughtings digitalization in agricultural marketing in April 2016 through E-NAM (Electronic- National Agriculture Market) to bring the marketing of agricultural commodities to a digital form. All this requires a great revolution in agricultural extension services for different stakeholders. The current study evaluates the various challenges and opportunities in India through E-NAM for different stakeholders. The current study is descriptive and based on secondary data collected from websites, newspapers and journals.
Emergency Department Evaluation of Young Infants With Head Injury
Authors: Lyons Todd W. , Mannix Rebekah , Monuteaux Michael C. , Schutzman Sara A.
Published: May 2024

OBJECTIVES

We compared the emergency department (ED) evaluation and outcomes of young head-injured infants to older children.

METHODS

Using the Pediatric Health Information Systems database, we performed a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of children <2 years old with isolated head injuries (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, diagnoses) at one of 47 EDs from 2015 to 2019. Our primary outcome was utilization of diagnostic cranial imaging. Secondary outcomes were diagnosis of traumatic brain injury (TBI), clinically important TBI, and mortality. We compared outcomes between the youngest infants (<3 months old) and children 3 to 24 months old.

RESULTS

We identified 112 885 ED visits for children <2 years old with isolated head injuries. A total of 62 129 (55%) were by males, and 10 325 (9.1%) were by infants <3 months of age. Compared with older children (12–23 months old), the youngest infants were more likely to: Undergo any diagnostic cranial imaging (50.3% vs 18.3%; difference 31.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 35.0–28.9%), be diagnosed with a TBI (17.5% vs 2.7%; difference 14.8%, 95% CI 16.4%–13.2%) or clinically important TBI (4.6% vs 0.5%; difference 4.1%, 95% CI 3.8%–4.5%), and to die (0.3% vs 0.1%; difference 0.2%, 95% CI 0.3%–0.1%). Among those undergoing computed tomography or MRI, TBIs were significantly more common in the youngest infants (26.4% vs 8.8%, difference 17.6%, 95% CI 16.3%–19.0%).

CONCLUSIONS

The youngest infants with head injuries are significantly more likely to undergo cranial imaging, be diagnosed with brain injuries, and die, highlighting the need for a specialized approach for this vulnerable population.
Complete chloroplast genome of the Jewel Orchid, Anoectochilus formosanus (Orchidaceae) and its relatives
Authors: Ho Viet The
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Anoectochilus formosanus is a highly valuable herb known for its efficacy in treating a wide range of diseases. However, the current methods used to differentiate this species from others within the same genus are not effective due to the high similarity in morphological characteristics and DNA barcode sequences among these species. Objective: Characterization of chloroplast (cp) genome in order to identify potential molecular markers to distinguish this plant at species or isolation levels is necessary. Methods: The complete cp genome was sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology, annotated, and compared with published cp genomes of various species within the Anoectochilus genus. Results: The complete cp genome of A. formosanus is 152 658 bp in size, consisting of a large and small copy of 82 692 bp and 17 346 bp, respectively, separated by reverse repeats of 26 310 bp. Within the cp genome, there are a total of 141 genes, including 92 protein-coding genes, 10 rRNA genes, and 39 tRNA genes. This genome contains a total of 80 simple sequence repeats, with 50 long repeats. Through phylogenetic analysis, a close relationship was observed between A. formosanus in Vietnam and A. formosanus samples originated from China (NC_061756.1). However, genomic comparisons highlighted significant differences between the two cp genomes, specifically in their reverse repeat sequences. Conclusions: These findings reveal distinct variations in the cp genome of A. formosanus in Vietnam, offering valuable insights for the taxonomy, plant identification, breeding, and conservation programs related to this herb in Vietnam.
Latin theonyms and epithets in the light of epigraphic evidence: The case and declension system
Authors: Vágási Tünde
Published: May 2024

The present paper intends to provide a linguistic analysis of votive texts, with particular regard to the case and declension systems as well as their Latin usage and variants. The aim of the linguistic analysis is to identify variations occurring in the context of votive texts. The epigraphic corpus shows various Vulgar Latin features in theonyms and epithets. The names of the deities are cultural characteristics and are influenced by various factors. The inevitable phenomenon of Roman religiosity manifested itself in religious texts, especially where polytheistic religions were particularly prone to borrowing and assimilation. In the investigation, some questions which the study will attempt to answer: do the case and declension confusions of theonyms and epithets follow the characteristics of the given region? The most common feature of religious inscriptions is that the declension of an epithet follows the declension of the name of the deity and vice versa. Another characteristic is the confusion in the case system. Some of these are influenced by facts other than adjective and noun agreement. In some cases, the meaning of the name influences it, in other cases there are cultural reasons for the declension confusion, especially if the inscriptions come from Celtic, Germanic, Greek, or other language areas.
Shore, B. (2023). The Hidden Power of Ritual: The Journey of a Lifetime
Authors: Dempster Paul
Published: May 2024

Shore, B. (2023). The Hidden Power of Ritual: The Journey of a Lifetime. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press, 337 pp. (pbk). ISBN: 9780262546584.
Towards an Indigenous-Serving Institution: A Study on Sense of Belonging and Perceptions of Native Hawaiian Culture at Leeward Community College
Authors: Losch T. Kuʻuipo Cummings
Published: May 2024

Leeward Community College is committed to supporting Native Hawaiians, the Indigenous people of Hawaiʻi. It aims to become a “model indigenous-serving” institution (University of Hawaiʻi, 2012) as part of the University of Hawaiʻi system’s efforts to empower Hawaiʻi’s Indigenous scholars and their communities. This single-site case study used the Culturally Engaging Campus Environments (CECE) model to assess the degree to which students feel a sense of belonging on their college campus, specifically in their perceptions of Native Hawaiians and Native Hawaiian culture. The data revealed that while most participants felt a sense of belonging on campus, there are disparities between Native Hawaiian and non-Native Hawaiian students and employees. Interviewees emphasized the need for institutional support to prioritize indigenous people, mindsets, environments, and collective wellness in decision-making, leadership, and service to the community.
Puʻuhonua o Puʻuhuluhulu University: He kīhoʻihoʻi kānāwai no ka naʻauao Hawaiʻi
Authors: Sang Presley Keʻalaanuhea Ah Mook
Published: May 2024

This poem speaks to the salt and the waters, the growth and the growing, the ebb and the flowing, and the endless aloha I have for myself and my lāhui who has transformed me. I come from the very Hawaiians who suffered at the disallowance of Hawaiian education. I had to actively choose to break that cycle in our immediate family and join our extended one in this reimagined present and future. Through education, I learned the importance of activism. So, in July of 2019, I joined a few dozen educators on the slopes of Mauna Kea, at a section of ʻāina between our sacred mountain and Puʻuhuluhulu to stand in protection of our beloved lands. Soon, thousands of others joined us in the movement of protection with the goal of stopping the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT). These thousands of people had so much to teach and were so motivated to learn. This endeavor came to be known as Puʻuhuluhulu University, which served as “an actual place of Hawaiian learning” and an example of ancient wisdom in our contemporary lives. For this is education which liberates our people. Let it continue.
(Mechano)chemical modification of polyvinyl chloride with azole-based drugs
Authors: Al-Sammarraie Eman S. A. , Al-Ithawi Wahab A.K. , Baklykov Artem V. , Platonov Vadim A. , Altobee Aqeel M.K. , Glebov Nikita S. , Khasanov Albert F. , Kovalev Igor S. , Nikonov Igor L. , Kopchuk Dmitry S. , Sapozhnikova Irina M. , Sabirova Tamara M. , Jin Yanxian , Zyryanov Grigory V. , Rusinov Vladimir L.
Published: May 2024

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plays an important role in industry; however, due to its uncontrolled accumulation in the environment, the methods for its utilization are of high demand. Herein we wish to report an approach for the utilization of PVC via its use as a carrier for some azole-based drugs, such as 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (multi-activity drug), 4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrazolo[5,1-c]-1,2,4-triazine-3,8-dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester (antidiabetic drug) and 5-methyl-6-nitro-7-oxo-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinide (antiviral drug). The abovementioned approach involves the reaction between PVC and potassium or sodium salts of these azole-based drugs either in solution or under ball-milling conditions. The as-obtained PVCs modified with azole-based drugs were isolated for the first time and characterized by means of 1H NMR-spectroscopy as well as gel-permeation chromatography (GPC).
Circassian (Adyghe) Landscape Terminology and Toponymy in Folklore Texts and Vernacular Communication
Authors:   Tembot Kerashev Adyghe Institute for Humanities, Maykop, Russia, Emykova Nurzhan Kh. , Pashtova Madina M. ,   Erciyes University, Talas / Kayseri, Turkey, Unarokova Raisa B. ,   Adyghe State University, Maykop, Russia, Tseeva Zarema A. ,   Adyghe State University, Maykop, Russia
Published: May 2024

The article explores Adyghe (Circassian) landscape terminology and folklore toponymy, areas that have received limited attention in onomastics. It presents a pioneering analysis within Adyghe linguistics and folklore research, examining the peculiarities of geographical terms and toponyms in stereotypical oral texts, including traditional folklore and everyday speech practices. The study is based on data from the folklore subcorpus of the Adyghe linguistic corpus, compiled in 2022 by Adyghe State University researchers, comprising published materials and field data collected from Adyghe (Circassian) communities in the Republic of Adygea, Krasnodar Region, and the Circassian diaspora in Turkey. Additionally, materials from folklore and ethnographic archives of the Republic of Adygea, along with information extracted from personal archives and field records, are analysed. Based on this data, the authors identify fundamental models governing the formation and usage of terms and toponyms, both within the context of folklore landscape studies and in relation to real geographical features and cultural settings. The focus is primarily on lexemes commonly encountered in historical Circassia, such as ps(y) ‘water, river,’ xy ‘sea, gully,’ ko/kue ‘ravine, river,’ bgy ‘hill, mountain, peak, ridge, steep, cliff,’ kushxe/kushhx`e` ‘mountain,’ txy` ‘elevation, ridge, crest of the mountain,’ Iuashxe/Iuashhxe ‘mound, hill,’ and xe`ku ‘region, homeland, fatherland, edge, country, state’. Through corpus research and discourse analysis methods, the study examines the representation of both real and mythical landscape objects in epic texts and speech practices. The productivity of toponyms’ usage and their semantics are established by comparing data from early lexicographic sources with new archival and field materials. The article also illustrates how, in new linguistic contexts, such as the Circassian diaspora in Central Anatolia, the unofficial local map coexists with the administrative Turkish-language map, showcasing differences in landscape terminology frequency based on the presence or absence of specific geographical features.
Red and Black: On the Semantic Invariant in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s The Brothers Karamaz
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia, Kovalev Boris V. , Dviniatin Fyodor N. ,   Saint Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
Published: May 2024

The article examines the onomastic aspects of the Karamazov surname in Fyodor Dostoevsky’s novel The Brothers Karamazov, reviewing its primary interpretations. The majority of studies on this subject suggest a Turkic origin, associating the surname with the word qara ‘black’. Existing interpretations of the anthroponym are categorized based on two criteria: the way they interpret the method of encoding information into a literary name and the approach to tracing its transtextual connections. This analytical framework facilitates a novel interpretation of the surname Karamazov, revealing its embedded opposition of “red vs black” (qara ‘black’ vs. kirmiz ‘red’), which permeates various levels of the text, including etymological, historical, literary, textual, and intertextual dimensions. Additionally, the paper compares this opposition with a similar thematic contrast in Stendhal’s novel The Red and the Black, focusing on typological parallels rather than specific names, characters, or plot elements. The authors assert that Karamazov represents a distinctive feature of Russian literature, accommodating multiple interpretations supported by compelling and comprehensive motivations. This nuanced understanding is pivotal for decoding the text, as it underscores the oppositions and conflicts that shape the narrative across different layers of the novel.
Ocra — an Etymological Proposal
Authors:   University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija, Repanšek Luka
Published: May 2024

The ancient name of the mountain (pass) that lies at the junction of the Julian and Dinaric Alps (nowadays Mt Nanos and the adjoining Razdrto Pass in southwestern Slovenia) is attested as Ocra in Latin (Pliny) and ῎Oκρα in Greek sources (Strabo, Ptolemy). The name is surely Italic and is argued to go back to Proto-Indo-European *H2ok̑reH2- (to *H2ek̑ - ‘to be/become/make sharp’). Given that an o-grade root is not expected in a deverbal adjective in -ro- (i.e. *H2ek̑-ró- ‘sharp’), such a formation is only interpretable as a substantivized feminine form of the possessive adjective *H2ok̑-r-ó- ‘sharp,’ derived from an acrostatic heteroclite neuter abstract noun *H2ók̑-r-/*H2ék̑-n- ‘sharpness.’ As such, Ocra ~ ῎Oκρα is the only unambiguous evidence for the existence of a deverbal abstract with o : e ablaut in Proto-Indo-European. In the addendum a brief etymological account is given of the place-name Acumincum ~ Acimincum from Pannonia Inferior, which likewise goes back ultimately to the PIE root *H2ek̑ -, arguing in favour of the Ptolemaic variant with Acu- (as opposed to Aci-) as the forma difficilior. The proposed etymology starts from PIE *H2ek̑-m̥n-o- > *akumno- ‘rock’ + *-enko- (*akumnenko- ‘rocky (place)’), from which *akumenko- > *akuminko- would then be produced by simple regressive dissimilation.