bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATION OF SECURE VEKIT WEB INTERFACE FOR PREVENTING ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
Authors: Balaji Kumar , Selvam Muthusamy
Published: September 2020

This paper describes a new system – Vehicle Kit (VEKIT), which uses a secure web-based interface for the authentication and monitoring of Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network (VANET) infrastructure and for preventing environment pollution. This paper presents the hazards caused by the usage of bags made of plastic material and proposes the design of VEKIT, which is to be installed in the vehicles for reducing the usage of such carry bags up to 75%. The survey results prove that the proposed VEKIT approach is very much relevant to solve the pollution problem faced by various countries. This novel application adds value to the future VANET projects by helping the countries to prevent pollution. The web interface of VEKIT presented in the paper can also be used to monitor the vehicles for their authenticity. A secure architecture is proposed for the usage of VANET in transport related projects.
Assessing the histological changes in fish gills as environmental bioindicators in Paraty and Sepetiba bays in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Carvalho Thatiana Luiza Assis de Brito , Do Nascimento Aparecida Alves , Gonçalves Caio Fábio Dos Santos , Dos Santos Marcos Antônio José , Sales Armando
Published: September 2020

The use of fish species uses as bioindicators is an important environmental monitoring tool. Histological biomarkers are adopted to assess the health conditions of different organisms and to indicate an environmental hazard. Histology can be applied as an effective method to analyze the effects of pollutants and other stressors. Accordingly, histological changes in the gill epithelium were analyzed to assess the adoption of fish species Menticirrhus americanus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) as a bioindicator to measure environmental quality in Paraty and Sepetiba bays, in Rio de Janeiro. A random sample of 58 fish was collected from the assessed bays. We found Paraty Bay to be in good conservation condition, whereas Sepetiba Bay is contaminated. The fish species collected from Sepetiba Bay showed lesions such as epithelial lifting, aneurysm, and necrosis in the gills; thus, it was possible to suggest that histological biomarkers be used bioindicators to measure the environmental impact in these bays.
Lipid requirement of bay snook (Petenia splendida Günther, 1862) juveniles
Authors: Rodríguez-Estrada Uriel , Méndez-Marín Otilio , Pérez-Morales Alfredo , Martínez-García Rafael , Peña-Marín Emyr , Civera-Cerecedo Roberto , Goytortua-Bores, E. Ernesto , Martínez-Yáñez Rosario , Alvarez-González Carlos A.
Published: September 2020

This research study is focused on the lipid requirements of Petenia splendida (0.65 ± 0.19 g) juveniles. Fish were fed with trout commercial diet (Silver Cup™ - 45% protein and 16% lipids), as control diet - CD (which is usually used to feed this species at commercial scale), and four isoproteic (45% crude protein) diet formulated with different lipid levels (5, 10, 15 and 20%). Diets were administered for 60 days by triplicate per treatment. Our results showed that fish fed with 10, 15 and 20% lipid levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in average weight and total length. Same treatments were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in terms of FCR compared to those shown in 5% and CD. However, fish fed 20% lipid level, showed a significant decrease in WG and a significant (P < 0.05) increase in FCR compared to those shown in 15% lipid level. Fish fed with 15% showed the highest weight gain and the lowest FCR compared with the rest of the treatments. Lipid efficiency ratio (LER) showed significant (P < 0.05) differences among experimental groups. Compared to other diets containing lipid levels (5, 10, and 20%) fish fed 15% diet recorded the lowest protein and lipid content in whole body. Additionally, based on second order polynomial regression analysis of WG, it was demonstrated that 16.2% lipid provides an optimal growth for P. splendida.
Scope for growth of cultivated Pacific and Gulf of California populations of lion's paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus, and their reciprocal transplants
Authors: Purce Deborah N.S. , Donovan Deborah A. , Maeda-Martínez Alfonso N. , Koch Volker
Published: September 2020

In the present work, the relative effects of the season (early vs. late summer), site (Gulf vs. Pacific study sites), the population of origin (Gulf vs. Pacific) and associated abiotic variables were determined in two geographically-separated Nodipecten subnodosus populations and their reciprocal transplants, through the scope for growth (SFG) and net growth efficiency (K2) using a portable open-flow system. Results indicate that both energy acquisition and expenditure were significantly affected by season, site, and population factors. Scallop energy acquisition and growth efficiency were highest during the earlier, cooler part of the summer and higher at the Pacific site where food availability was highest. Significantly higher respiration rates were measured for the Pacific scallop population, leading to significantly lower net growth efficiency than scallops of Gulf origin, which indicates a physiological advantage for Gulf scallops during the suboptimal growth conditions present during summer months on both coasts of the Baja California peninsula. It may have important implications for aquaculture enterprises in this region, and may also confirm the genetic divergence between these two geographically separated populations. The advantages of the open-flow system for in situ ecophysiological studies in aquatic organisms are discussed.
Crude fat, digestible protein and DL-carnitine levels in plant-based diets to Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings
Authors: Chung Samantha , Sado Ricardo Yuji , De Almeida Bicudo Álvaro José
Published: September 2020

The chemical composition of diets is appointed as one responsible by different results of L-carnitine supplementation in fish. This study determined the effects of digestible dietary protein (DP; 250 and 290 g kg-1) and crude fat (CF; 100 and 150 g kg-1) at levels of DL-carnitine supplementation (DLC; 0 and 1.0 g kg-1) in plant based-diets on growth and whole-body composition of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings (1.55 ± 0.03 g). Fish were hand-fed for 74 days, three times per day until apparent satiation, in a completely randomized experimental design, 2×2×2 factorial scheme (n = 3). There was no effect (P > 0.05) of DP, CF, and DLC, or interactions, on growth performance. There was a significant interaction between DP×CF; DP×DLC and DLC×CF on feed efficiency. There was interaction (P < 0.05) between CF×DLC on feed intake (DFI). The DLC supplementation in 100 g kg-1 CF diets increased DFI 5.6% more than fish fed with the same fat level without DLC. Whole-body protein decreased significantly due to DLC supplementation in fish fed with 150 g kg-1 CF diets. The level of DLC supplementation in Nile tilapia diets is variable and should consider the dietary CF levels, but not DP.
Bioeconomic modeling of optimal harvest time in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) considering size heterogeneity and minimum marketable size
Authors: Borrego-Kim Patricia , Domínguez-May Roger , Monroy-Borrego Andrea G. , Gullian-Klanian Mariel
Published: September 2020

Size dispersion in farmed fish has a substantial impact on production's bioeconomic performance, directly affecting net profits. This work's objective was to develop a bioeconomic model based on experimental data to identify the optimal harvest time (OHT) for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The bioeconomic model considered four minimum marketable sizes (Mms = 350, 400, 450, and 500 g). Organisms were selected by size with different coefficients of variation (CV). Therefore, they were reared under two growth strategies: heterogeneous size (HT = 44-155 g; CV 25.5%) and homogeneous size (HM = 87-112 g; CV 5.9%). The HT system-generated tradable biomass of 99.30% in an OHT of 196 days with a net profit of USD 3,551.61 and a Mms of 350 g. However, the HM system achieved greater marketable biomass (99.53%) in less time (OHT = 181 days) with a net profit of USD 3,327.96 for the same Mms. The Mms of 500 g had the lowest net benefit in both systems. The HM strategy earned an additional 10.66% of incomes, indicating that the reduction in size dispersion positively impacted profits. The developed model provides a new perspective regarding the management of heterogeneity and size homogeneity in commercial production of Nile tilapia in intensive systems.
A gestão dos riscos de demanda, competitividade e competência nos arranjos produtivos locais do estado de Alagoas: estratégias sustentáveis de fomento ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico
Authors: Rufino Heloisa Helena , Nascimento Júnior Orlando Ramos , Ramos Katia Jeane Alves Mota
Published: September 2020

A utilização dos conceitos de risco de demanda, competência e competitividade, forneceram a base desta pesquisa, para a verificação destes constructos na gestão dos arranjos do estado de Alagoas. Este estudo realizou entrevistas em profundidade com os gestores das Aglomerações Produtivas Locais envolvidos na pesquisa. A pesquisa analisou o processo de Gestão Estratégica, considerando a sua vantagem competitiva sustentável e a relação com a gestão dos riscos de demanda, competência e competitividade. A pesquisa qualitativa, com abordagem descritiva, explicativa e exploratória teve como objetivo entender as relações entre a gestão de riscos nos APLs e a sustentabilidade empresarial, com o uso do pensamento estratégico, bem como as dimensões dos riscos. Foi utilizada a análise de conteúdo, com transcrição das 5 entrevistas com 5 gestores dos 5 APLS do Estado de Alagoas e, tendo os dados coletados sido inseridos no software ATLAS TI 7.0. Os resultados forneceram evidencias sobre os problemas enfrentados pelos APLs, devido ao uso escasso e limitado das estratégias de sustentabilidade empresarial bem como de uma efetiva gestão dos riscos. Constatou-se que a redução dos riscos é possível, dando-se ênfase e importância na análise da gestão dos APLS do estado de Alagoas, sendo necessário uma gestão mais profissional.
Percepção afetiva e emocional da influência de fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos em cervejas tipo Pilsen alcoólicas e sem álcool
Authors: Paixao Juliana Alves , Tavares Filho Elson , Bolini Helena Maria André
Published: September 2020

Com um mercado consumidor mais informado e apresentando novas necessidades, torna-se imprescindível conhecer o que atrai ou não os consumidores em um produto, além disso, saber como os mesmos se sentem no momento do consumo e quais emoções são evocadas. Desta forma, o objetivo deste estudo foi observar as influências causadas por fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos, como o álcool e o rótulo, nas emoções percebidas na hora do consumo e na aceitação de cervejas tipo Pilsen alcoólicas e sem álcool. Através de diferentes metodologias: Análise de aceitação, Intenção de Compra, Mapa de Preferência Interno e questionário CATA. A análise de aceitação apresentou diferenças significativas (p≤0,05) nas médias obtidas através do teste de médias de Tukey, tanto no teste com o conhecimento do rótulo, quanto no teste sem o conhecimento do rótulo, além disso, influências do rótulo e de alguns fatores como o processamento foram percebidas. Ao avaliar o perfil emocional através do questionário CATA, pôde-se observar que o conhecimento do rótulo e a presença do álcool promoveram diferenças nas percepções emocionais dos consumidores. O mesmo pôde ser visto no Mapa de Preferência Interno e no teste de intenção de compra, onde os maiores índices de rejeição foram encontrados nas amostras sem álcool. As análises constataram a influência desses fatores, tanto para a aceitação dos produtos, quanto para as influências emocionais causadas durante o consumo das amostras. Enfatizando, ainda mais, a importância de estudos dessa natureza, já que qualquer alteração na matriz do produto pode influenciar para a aceitação das amostras.
Análise isotérmica da atividade de água (aw) de sementes de pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrum, L.) em câmara de secagem
Authors: Rego José De Arimatéia Rodrigues do , Brasil Davi Do Socorro Barros , Queiroz Rafael Nascimento , Furtado Sarah Vasconcelos , Santana Elza Brandão , Costa Renato Araujo da , Pereira Gleice Vasconcelos da Silva
Published: September 2020

A semente de pimenta-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.) possui grande importância econômica nos países com elevado índice de exportação desta especiaria, como o Vietnã, Índia, Indonésia e Brasil. No entanto quando se trata de exportação de matrizes alimentícias, um grande problema enfrentado é quanto seu armazenamento, tendo em vista que um armazenamento adequado evita que a semente sofra ataques de microrganismos e perca valor comercial. As relações hídricas das sementes podem, por meio do estudo da atividade de água das matrizes alimentícias, determinar condições que evitem estes ataques e consequente deterioração das sementes. Nesse intuito, foi realizado o levantamento das isotermas de dessorção para a semente de pimenta-do-reino inteira e triturada via secagem lenta em câmara hermeticamente fechada com temperatura de 22 °C. Para a descrição mais concreta do fenômeno foi realizado o ajuste de dados em modelos empíricos consagrados na literatura, o qual foi determinado que os modelos de Oswin modificado, GAB, BET, e BET modificado foram capazes de explicar aproximadamente 100 % das variabilidades dos dados experimentais.
Phylogeny and classification of the genus-group taxa of Loxandrina (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Abacetini)
Authors: Will Kipling
Published: September 2020

Bayesian and parsimony phylogenetic analyses of combined and partitioned datasets of molecular (partial sequences of 28S, wg, COI, and CAD) and morphological (51 characters of adults) data for exemplar taxa of five outgroup and 76 ingroup abacetine carabids resulted in a monophyletic Loxandrina Erwin & Sims, 1984 that is split into Australian and American clades. The genusLoxandrusLeConte, 1853 as previously delimited is not monophyletic relative to numerous genus-level taxa in Abacetini Chaudoir, 1873 and is restricted to a subgenus of North American species. A reclassification and nomenclatural changes for the subtribe that are consistent with the phylogeny are provided. Three genera are removed from Loxandrina:AulacopodusBritton, 1940 moved to Pterostichini Bonelli, 1810;CosmodiscusSloane, 1907 andTiferoniaDarlington, 1962 moved to Abacetina. Based on the phylogenetic relationships and nomenclatural priority only four genera are recognized in Loxandrina:CerabiliaLaporte, 1867,ZeoderaLaporte, 1867,PediomorphusChaudoir, 1878, andOxycrepisReiche, 1843. All other previously recognized genera are treated as subgenera. The classification change created eight secondary homonyms that are resolved by the proposal of the following:Oxycrepis gebi, replacement name forO. balli(Straneo, 1993);O. amatona, replacement name forO. matoana(Straneo, 1993);O. xiproma, replacement name forO. proxima(Straneo, 1993);O. rasutulis, replacement name forO. suturalis(Straneo, 1993);O. laevinota, replacement name forO. laevicollis(Bates, 1871);O. arvulap, replacement name forO. parvula(Straneo, 1951);O. noaffine, replacement name forO. affinis(Straneo, 1991);O. alutona, replacement name forO. notula(Tschitschérine, 1901). An overview of the morphological characteristics and diagnostic features of Loxandrina taxa is provided. A key and habitus images are provided for identification of genera and subgenera. The possible historical biogeography of the group is discussed in light of their phylogenetic relationships and past geological events.
Phylogeny- and morphology-based recognition of new species in the spider-parasitic genus Gibellula (Hypocreales, Cordycipitaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Kuephadungphan Wilawan , Tasanathai Kanoksri , Petcharad Booppa , Khonsanit Artit , Stadler Marc , Luangsa-ard J. Jennifer
Published: September 2020

Thailand is known to be a part of what is called the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot, hosting a vast array of organisms across its diverse ecosystems. This is reflected by the increasing number of new species described over time, especially fungi. However, a very few fungal species from the specialized spider-parasitic genusGibellulahave ever been reported from this region. A survey of invertebrate-pathogenic fungi in Thailand over several decades has led to the discovery of a number of fungal specimens with affinities to this genus. Integration of morphological traits into multi-locus phylogenetic analysis uncovered four new species:G. cebrennini,G. fusiformispora,G. pigmentosinum, andG. scorpioides. All these appear to be exclusively linked with torrubiella-like sexual morphs with the presence of granulomanus-like asexual morph inG. pigmentosinumandG. cebrennini. A remarkably high host specificity of these new species towards their spider hosts was revealed, and for the first time, evidence is presented for manipulation of host behavior inG. scorpioides.
Influence of abiotic factors in a population of Parides ascanius (Papilionidae, Lepidoptera) in an urban restinga fragment
Authors: Pereira Emily dos Santos , Soares Miranda Amanda , Albano Araújo Ana Paula , Albano Araújo Vinícius
Published: September 2020

Fragmentation and loss of natural habitats has reduced biodiversity in neotropical ecosystems. The restinga, a phytophysiognomy of the Atlantic Forest, has lost much of its original coverage and remains largely threatened by urbanisation. Restingas are considered hotspots of biodiversity and are listed as priority areas for conservation due to their great presence of endemic species, such as the endangered butterfly Parides ascanius Cramer, 1775. In this work, we analyse the influence of abiotic factors (temperature and humidity) on the abundance of P. ascanius in an urban restinga fragment of Iriry’s Environmental Protection Area (Iriry APA), located in the municipality of Rio das Ostras in Rio de Janeiro. For that, the mark-recapture technique was used. Sampling was carried out from October 2017 to May 2018, between 7:00 am and 11:00 am. Seventy-two individuals of P. ascanius were collected and showed higher proportions of males over females and greater abundance of individuals in the month of October. On average, the number of individuals was significantly higher with the increase in air temperature and lower with the increase in air humidity. The abundance of P. ascanius at the restinga of Iriry APA varied monthly and temporally throughout the day, influenced by temperature and air humidity. The results provide information that can support management plans for conservation of this threatened species, as well as for urban areas of the Atlantic Forest.
Critical aspects of the management of stable coronary artery disease in primary care practice or how to increase the efficacy of evidence-based pharmacological therapy?
Authors: Zyryanov Sergey K. , Fitilev Sergey B. , Vozzhaev Alexander V. , Shkrebniova Irina I. , Klyuev Dmitry A.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: The publication describes a fragment of the pharmacoepidemiologic study conducted to review the quality of management of patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) in primary care over a 12-year period. The aim of the study was to justify the application of standard operating procedures (SOPs). Such determinants of pharmacotherapy as non-pharmacological modification of cardiovascular risk factors (RFs) and medication adherence were analyzed.

Material and methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, 3-stage (2006, 2011, 2018) study was conducted in a primary care setting of Moscow. As many as 3027, 1834, 805 patients with verified diagnosis of SCAD were included. De­mographics, medical history, data on modifiable RFs and prescribed drug therapies were collected. At the third stage, medication adherence was measured, using the 8-item Morisky scale.

Results and discussion: Over a 7-year period, better control of modifiable RFs in coronary patients was revealed. The target levels of blood pressure were reached in 58.3% (+20.7%; p < 0.05) of the patients, total cholesterol – in 33.0% (+16.0%; p < 0.05), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol – in 23.3% (+12.2%; p < 0.05). Two critical problems that determined still inadequate RFs control were identified. The attention of physicians to RFs and rates of non-pharma­cological interventions remained low throughout the study. Information on lifestyle RFs was recorded in fewer than one-third of the subjects. The lipid profile was registered only in half of patients’ histories. Non-adherence to pharma­cotherapy was identified in 51.3% of patients.

Conclusion: Further increase in efficacy of pharmacotherapy might be provided by application of SOPs regarding the registration and correction of modifiable cardiovascular RFs, identification of non-adherent patients and promotion of medication adherence.
Influence of Diazepino[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivative (DAB-19) on behavioral aspects of animals
Authors: Maltsev Dmitriy V. , Spasov Alexander A. , Miroshnikov Mikhail M. , Skripka Maria O. , Divaeva Ludmila N.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Diazepino[1,2-a]benzimidazole derivatives showed anxiolytic (EPM, L/D box, Vogel test), antidepres­sant (Tail Suspension test, Porsolt test), anticonvulsant (Pentylenetetrazole-Induced seizures) and analgesic (Tail-Flick, Hot Plate) actions, which were described earlier (Spasov et al. 2020). 11-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro[1,3]diazepino[1,2-a]benzimidazole hydrobromide (compound DAB-19) has evident anxiolytic, antidepressant and anticon­vulsant effects. In the present study, compound DAB-19 was screened for its influence on animals` behavior patterns, such as aggression, obsessive-compulsive behavior, emotional lability, and unsociability.

Materials and methods: 112 outbred white animals (rats and mice) were used. Compound DAB-19 (2.34 mg/kg, p.o.) and diazepam (2 mg/kg, p.o.) were injected to the treatment groups. Using an Open Field (OF) test, we evaluated a spontaneous motor activity, a search activity of mice and a degree of their emotionality. During a Marble Burying (MB) test, we monitored anxiolytic and anticompulsive effects of DAB-19. Using a Resident-intruder (RI) test, we evaluated a degree of aggression in the experimental animals, properties of their social interaction, as well as defensive and individual behavior.

Results and discussion: Compound DAB-19 has positive influence on the search activity, mood stabilizing activity and antiaggressive actions. Administration of both DAB-19 (2.34 mg/kg, p.o.) and diazepam (2 mg/kg, p.o.) reduced anxiety-like behavior in OP, RI and MB tests, as indicated by a significantly increased number of entries to the center of OP; a decreased number of marbles buried in MB and reduced aggressive behavior in RI. It was stated that using DAB-19 leads to a decrease in affective reactions of the animals – aggression, obsessive-compulsive behavior, neurotic condition and emotional instability.

Conclusions: The compound (DAB-19) produces anxiolytic-like effects, compared with those of diazepam, in various anxiety paradigms.
Lista taxonómica actualizada de los insectos asociados a Prosopis pallida (Humb. & Bonpl. ex. Wild.) Kunth (Fabaceae) de la región Piura, Perú
Authors: Juárez-Noé Gino , González-Coronado Uzbekia
Published: September 2020

Prosopis pallida es un componente importante para las comunidades de insectos, proporcionando alimento como tejidos vegetales, savia, néctar y/o polen y sirviendo además como lugar de refugio y reproducción. Se presenta una lista taxonómica actualizada y comentada de los insectos asociados a Prosopis pallida (Humb. & Bonpl. ex. Wild.) Kunth de la región Piura al noroeste de Perú, con base en recolectas y revisión de material depo­sitado en colecciones entomológicas. Se adicionan 59 especies y se completa la identificación de 40 géneros y siete morfoespecies citadas anteriormente, quedando la lista final conformada por 189 especies, 175 géneros, 84 familias y 12 órdenes. Los órdenes Coleoptera con 69 especies, Hymenoptera con 36 especies y las familias Coccinellidae y Formicidae con 11 y 10 especies respectivamente son las más diversas, además se confirma a Enallodiplosis discordis Gagné, 1994 atacando árboles de Prosopis pallida en territorio peruano. Del total de especies registradas, 68 son fitófagos, 16 son succionadores de savia, 49 son depredadores, 17 son parasitoi­des y 18 son polinizadores. Para todas las especies registradas se incluyen datos de colecta y distribución por provincia y paisaje ecológico.
Fenología de los ecosistemas de alta montaña en Andalucía: Análisis de la tendencia estacional del SAVI (2000-2019)
Authors: Gutiérrez-Hernández Oliver
Published: September 2020

Los paisajes vegetales de alta montaña constituyen un singular ecosistema en la región más meridional de la península ibérica, donde la estación favorable coincide con un periodo de sequía. En este trabajo, se usaron las imágenes de satélite del sensor Terra-MODIS para desarrollar un análisis de tendencia estacional basado en el cálculo del Índice de Vegetación Ajustado al Suelo (SAVI) de 460 imágenes de satélite con frecuencia de 16 días y aplicado sobre las superficies cubiertas por las comunidades vegetales de los pisos oromediterráneo y crioromediterráneo en Andalucía, con el fin de obtener las curvas de tenencia estacional modeladas (o ajustadas) para el primer (2000) y último (2019) año de la serie. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron caracterizar la curva fenológica típica de estos ecosistemas, con mínimos en invierno (febrero) y máximos en primavera-verano (mayo-junio y julio-agosto, respectivamente), más tardíos a mayor altitud, por el efecto de la temperatura. En este sentido, detectamos un incremento generalizado del SAVI, un adelantamiento de la fase de reverdecimiento, culminado por un aumento del máximo reverdecimiento y seguido de una extensión de la estación de crecimiento. Se concluye que los ecosistemas de alta montaña en Andalucía muestran una tendencia estacional generalizada.
Steel in Britain before and after Benjamin Huntsman: manufacture and consumption in the eighteenth century
Authors: Evans Chris
Published: September 2020

Cet article propose une synthèse sur les modes de fabrication et de commercialisation de l’acier en Grande-Bretagne au xviiie siècle. Au milieu du xviie siècle, la Grande-Bretagne occupait une place marginale dans la production d’acier en Europe ; ses fabricants étaient dépendants d’importations allemandes. Un siècle plus tard, la Grande-Bretagne était devenue le centre le plus dynamique de production d’acier en Europe. Ce texte se propose d’analyser ces changements. Deux transformations sont importantes : la diffusion des techniques de cémentation pour convertir le fer en « blister steel », dans les dernières années du xviie siècle, et le succès des marchands britanniques pour s’assurer le contrôle du fer suédois dit « Orground » – un ingrédient essentiel pour la cémentation – au tout début du xviiie siècle. Il nous semble donc que l’innovation la plus célèbre de l’acier britannique au xviiIe siècle, l’acier fondu de Benjamin Huntsman dans les années 1740, ait revêtu finalement une importance limitée. Les marchés spécifiques de l’acier fondu, distincts de ceux du « blister steel », restent en effet très limités avant le début du xixe siècle.
La fabrique du regard
Authors: Pentimalli Barbara , Rémery Vanessa
Published: September 2020

Cette introduction au dossier thématique explore le paysage de l’anthropologie du regard et montre en quoi il relève d’une activité sémiologique au cœur de l’expertise professionnelle. Elle souligne l’originalité du dossier : documenter les formes socio-matérielles par le biais desquelles ce savoir-voir est transmis aux novices à travers le prisme des métiers dont « les façons de voir » sont éprouvées, questionnées, reconfigurées dans leur fondement et leurs frontières. Des thématiques transversales y sont traitées : la construction du savoir-voir, sa dimension multisensorielle et multimodale, les méthodologies permettant de documenter son apprentissage et son développement, enfin ses étayages techniques et technologiques. L’objectif est de valoriser la diversité des terrains, des méthodologies et des approches proposés dans ce dossier explorant le rôle des habiletés visuelles dans la production, la circulation et la transformation des ‘façons de voir’ de différentes communautés de pratique.
Apprécier un regard expert dans la débrouille
Authors: Giordano Denis
Published: September 2020

Cette contribution identifie les étapes nécessaires à franchir pour mettre en évidence le regard expert des mécaniciens de rue face aux réparations. Réalisée dans le département de la Seine-Saint-Denis, l’immersion ethnographique dans le monde social des personnes réparant des véhicules en plein air a offert au chercheur la possibilité d’un apprentissage de leur travail grâce au choix d’un engagement direct. Parmi les spécificités de cette activité professionnelle, l’article met en évidence l’importance d’une attention orientée au corps, à la sensorialité, aux outils et aux relations. Les mécaniciens de rue s’apparentent à des experts de la débrouille et proposent différents services à la clientèle en profitant de chaque ressource matérielle et relationnelle à leur disposition.
Integrate Hybrid Cloud Computing Server With Automated Remote Monitoring for Blockchain as a Service
Authors: Sansiya Rohit , Kumar Pushpendra , Thakur Ramjeevan Singh , Mohammadi Abdulhai
Published: September 2020

Blockchain is also used for bitcoin transactions as a technology for accumulating data files in the cloud for key distribution and file manipulation in distributed fashion. It is a service of cloud that manages elasticity of compute cloud, storage, and technology of network security (i.e., secure solution to store and share information by offering a distributed ledger service). In distributed systems, abandoned events are much more frequent than centralized system. This concept causes a number of issues including data reliability, high economical cost, and information system security. In this chapter, the authors present a new framework in blockchain to supervise the cloud server for administration of blockchain, which is verified the transaction reliability in peer-to-peer networks for sharing of data files in centralized manner. Each transaction can be generated keys for server authentication to verify all the connected members for monitoring the web server.
The Early Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Ren Yanna , Yang Weiping , Tang Xiaoyu , Wu Fengxia , Takahashi Satoshi , Wu Jinglong
Published: September 2020

Alzheimer's disease, a common form of dementia, is a type of neurodegenerative disease that affects more than 30% of the population older than 85. Clinically, it is characterized as memory loss and cognitive decline. Pathologically, its symptoms include cerebral atrophy, amyloid plaques and NFTs. Generally, the life expectancy is no more than nine years after the definite diagnosis, and life expectancy exceeds 14 years in only 3% of patients. Presently, there is no effective treatment to stop the process; the only measures we can take are to ease or improve symptoms temporarily. Therefore, it is necessary to diagnosis the disease in the early stage, such as through imaging detection via CT, MRI, PET and MSR, or prediction before the disease (genetic examination). However, literature data have supported the notion that Alzheimer's disease patients show cognitive reserve abilities to some degree. In the future, research perspectives may focus on the cognitive training paradigms in compensatory and restorative strategies.
Neuro-Imaging Machine Learning Techniques for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis
Authors: Sayed Gehad Ismail , Hassanien Aboul Ella
Published: September 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is considered one of the most common dementia's forms affecting senior's age staring from 65 and over. The standard method for identifying AD are usually based on behavioral, neuropsychological and cognitive tests and sometimes followed by a brain scan. Advanced medical imagining modalities such as MRI and pattern recognition techniques are became good tools for predicting AD. In this chapter, an automatic AD diagnosis system from MRI images based on using machine learning tools is proposed. A bench mark dataset is used to evaluate the performance of the proposed system. The adopted dataset consists of 20 patients for each diagnosis case including cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease and normal. Several evaluation measurements are used to evaluate the robustness of the proposed diagnosis system. The experimental results reveal the good performance of the proposed system.
Alpha-Synucleinopathies
Authors: Camargo Carlos Henrique Ferreira , Della-Coletta Marcus Vinicius , José da Silva Delson , Teive Hélio A. G.
Published: September 2020

Alpha-synuclein is a protein that forms a major component of abnormal neuronal aggregates known as Lewy bodies. A particular group of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein; termed the α-synucleinopathies, this group includes Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Lysosomal storage diseases have also been linked to α-synuclein toxicity. Several therapeutic targets have been chosen among steps of metabolism of α-synuclein. Reducing α-synuclein synthesis or expression and increasing the clearance can be achieved in many ways. The development of immunotherapeutic approaches targeting α-synuclein has received considerable attention in recent years. The aim of this chapter is to present the α-synucleinopathies, as well as to present the most recent researches about treatment of synucleinopathies based on knowledge of the pathophysiology of α-synuclein pathways.
Monitoring System for Persons With Alzheimer's Disease via Video-Object Tracking
Authors: Al-Anssari Haitham Asaad , Abdel-Qader Ikhlas , Mickus Maureen
Published: September 2020

This article presents a framework for a food intake monitoring system intended for use with persons with Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. Alzheimer's disease has a significant impact on the individual's ability to perform their daily activities including eating. Providing assistance with feeding is a major challenge for caregivers, including a significant time commitment. We present a vision-based system that tracks moving objects, such as the hand, using a combined optical flow and skin region detection algorithms. Skin detection is implemented using two different methods. Hue, saturation, and value (HSV) color space, which is on separation of the illuminance component from chrominance one as the first method and skin color information is extracted from subject's face detected using Viola-Johns algorithm for the second method. Once face and other moving skin regions are detected, bounding boxes are created and used to track all moving regions over the video frames, recognizing eating behavior or the lack of it. Based on experimental results the proposed method using optical flow and skin regions segmentation using HSV color detects the hand to mouth eating motion with 92.12% accuracy. The optical flow and skin region segmentation based on face color information achieves a higher accuracy of 94.29%.
Data Ownership
Authors: Knight Thora
Published: September 2020

This chapter explores legal issues concerning ownership of data collected, shared, used, and transmitted via wearable technologies. Such widespread information sharing raises privacy concerns that existing legal protections do not address. The author analyzes prevailing legal regulatory climate surrounding data privacy, such as health laws and privacy policies. Next, the author highlights the inadequacy of these legal instruments and explicate the legal framework of intellectual property laws to determine ways to provide individuals with more control over their personal data.
Exploitation of Health on Instagram
Authors: Blight Michael G
Published: September 2020

This chapter focuses on the exploitative nature of Instagram as a community-based platform. Individual users build, maintain, and participate in communities as a way to connect with experiences and insights that resonate with them. Because users are motivated by different gratifications and are met with social support along the way, brands can use influencers to exploit the community-based practices (i.e., liking, sharing, and curating content) to access a variety of data points from users. Ultimately, users' data is routinely at risk as a byproduct of this subversive use of the platform.
“Sensitive but Essential Information”
Authors: Novak Alison Nicole
Published: September 2020

As fitness trackers and applications grow popular, many actors involved in the development, use, and regulation of these devices expressed concerns of privacy and control of data gathered through these platforms. This chapter explores how government representatives, industry leaders, regulators, and politicians discursively constructed and critiqued data privacy in fitness applications in congressional contexts. Findings indicate the following discourses: (1) fitness trackers as indicative of larger data collection issues, (2) weighing the pros and cons of use, (3) military implications for fitness application data security, (4) consumers as responsible for their own data privacy, (5) organizations failing to keep pace with cyber security threats, and (6) the misuse of data collected in fitness applications for promotion/strategic communication uses.
A Socioscientific Issue Approach to Understanding Middle School Students' Beliefs and Intentions Toward Climate Change
Authors: Powell Wardell A.
Published: September 2020

This chapter is a demonstration of how to use socioscientific issues to impact middle school students' beliefs and intentions towards climate change. Fifty-one middle school students from a summer enrichment program in the Northeastern United States participated in this study. The duration of this curricular unit took place over six consecutive one-hour class periods. The researcher utilized quantitative and qualitative procedures to analyze the students' abilities to think critically and to argue persuasively about their beliefs and intentions about climate change. The results indicate that the students concluded that human actions are a significant factor in climate change. The students' intentions to act, as well as their desire to encourage others to take actions necessary to mitigate climate change, were compelling. Additionally, the knowledge the students gained from the interventions used enhanced their abilities to write persuasively to the chief executive officers from power plants and waste treatment facilities to a round table discussion on ways to mitigate climate change.
Haiku Generation From Narratological Perspective
Authors: Ono Jumpei , Ogata Takashi
Published: September 2020

Haiku—a form of unrhymed poetry—is popular among the Japanese. A typical haiku is composed of 17 moras and three phrases. A haiku has the possibility of scratching the surface and uncovering a hidden message through an expression of events. According to Masaoka Shiki, a haiku is a kind of literature and has high affinity with our research on generating stories. In this chapter, the authors implemented the prototype system that has two functions: first, to produce multiple haikus from a single story, and second, to engender multiple stories from haikus. The system prototyped in this chapter is based on haiku theory, which is used by the authors in their research, and is rooted in the concept's co-occurrence information and frequency information used to generate a haiku. The method uses statistical information for selecting the words and creating the word network in the haiku. Through the aforementioned methods, the authors created a framework for a system of circulating haiku and stories and proposed a kind of narrative generation with narrative as an input.
On Logical Literary Work Generation and More
Authors: Abe Akinori
Published: September 2020

In several papers, the author has discussed the possibility of the computational literary work generation. That was based on Julia Kristeva's the concept of the intertextuality. This very simple application was achieved by random combination of the selected words/phrases/letters. It is a simple technique such as the cutup method. The author showed even such a simple method could generate literary works that can be regarded as not so bad literary works. However, for more intelligent generation, the author introduced abduction. By abduction, it is possible to guarantee the logical consistency and coherency. However, it does not care the very cognitive aspects such as beautiful, sentimental, and valuable, which will be very important factor in the literature. In this chapter, the author will discuss to add such cognitive aspects to the logical generation of literary works.
An Analysis of Cognitive Elements and Effects of Video Commercials
Authors: Kawamura Yoji
Published: September 2020

This chapter starts with an analysis of differences between the indexes attached to still images in the image database and cognitive elements of still images extracted from the cognitive experiment. It then analyzes the relationship between cognitive elements of each video shot generated based on still images and cognition of the video commercial produced by combining them. Lastly, it discusses how to index the video shot and production methods of video commercials based on the analyses. The image database tends to attach the records of the timing and place of shooting and features of the persons as indexes. In order to produce an attractive video commercial, it is necessary that video shots convey rich cognitive elements that are not too simple. This ensures that when combining several video shots, their cognitive elements have some consistency and consistent cognitive elements are woven into the video commercial to constitute a rich semantic network.
Artificial Intelligence, Marketing, and the Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Kaplan Andreas
Published: September 2020

Artificial intelligence has been part of the world of marketing for some time now. This chapter will look at how artificial intelligence is defined and classified, illustrating its potential for the marketing domain with a variety of examples from various industries and sectors. Ethical concerns arising from the application of AI marketing will be discussed in the second part of this chapter. Before concluding, three brief case studies will give further insights, looking in detail at the AI activities of Airbnb, NYC's Metropolitan Museum of Artificial Intelligence, and retail giant Walmart.
Economic AI Literacy
Authors: Wagner Dirk Nicolas
Published: September 2020

This chapter introduces the concept of economic AI literacy as a source of competitive advantage in a world where artificial intelligence (AI) complements and transforms business models. The purpose of economic AI literacy is to allow for enhanced strategic decision making in firms that either offer and/or use AI. Data and information goods, economics of networks, and economic agents in artificially intelligent firms are introduced as basic elements of economic AI literacy. To illustrate application, the case of TensorFlow and related cases are presented. The discussion highlights the strategic relevance of economic reasoning in the light of the expected effects of AI on business transformation.
Finance in the World of Artificial Intelligence and Digitalization
Authors: Orsag Silvije , Mikerević Dejan , Dedi Lidija
Published: September 2020

This chapter considers finance in the world of artificial intelligence and digitalization with a special focus on the role and physical forms of money throughout history, modes of executing financial transactions, development of banking and investment industry, and its overall importance for financial management. Innovative and alternative business solutions in the financial industry result from the development of modern technologies, information and communication networks, smart devices, and various applications. Digital money and cryptocurrencies are extremely interesting current phenomena producing a broad range of speculations and mystery about their role in the future. Electronic payments bring many benefits and opportunities for corporate finance, capital markets, and investment and banking activities. Digitalization of business operations and use of artificial intelligence applications increases competitiveness and efficiency of all controlling processes and improves corporate risk management and at the same time decreases information asymmetry in the market.
The Impact of Augmented Reality Experiential Marketing on Tourist Experience Satisfaction
Authors: Kos Kavran Andrijana , Trstenjak Bruno
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the impact of augmented reality experiential marketing (AREM) on tourist experience satisfaction. The chapter adds to the existing body of literature in the area of tourist experience satisfaction and its attributes and the use of augmented reality in the scope of experiential marketing. An experiment using an augmented reality system was conducted, which included a sample of 432 tourists who visited a tourist destination in Croatia. The data were tested using machine learning methods, namely information gain (IG) technique, K-means method, weighted K nearest neighbor (WKNN) method, and linear regression (LR) method. Findings indicate that augmented reality experiential marketing has a positive impact on tourist experience satisfaction.
Denial-of-Service (DoS) Attack and Botnet
Authors: Arora Arushi , Yadav Sumit Kumar , Sharma Kavita
Published: September 2020

This chapter describes how the consequence and hazards showcased by Denial of Service attacks have resulted in the surge of research studies, commercial software and innovative cogitations. Of the DoS attacks, the incursion of its variant DDoS can be quite severe. A botnet, on the other hand, is a group of hijacked devices that are connected by internet. These botnet servers are used to perform DDoS attacks effectively. In this chapter, the authors attempt to provide an insight into DoS attacks and botnets, focusing on their analysis and mitigation. They also propose a defense mechanism to mitigate our system from botnet DDoS attacks. This is achieved by using a through access list based configuration. The artful engineering of malware is a weapon used for online crime and the ideas behind it are profit-motivated. The last section of the chapter provides an understanding of the WannaCry Ransomware Attack which locked computers in more than 150 countries.
Botnet and Internet of Things (IoTs)
Authors: Alieyan Kamal , Almomani Ammar , Abdullah Rosni , Almutairi Badr , Alauthman Mohammad
Published: September 2020

In today's internet world the internet of things (IoT) is becoming the most significant and developing technology. The primary goal behind the IoT is enabling more secure existence along with the improvement of risks at various life levels. With the arrival of IoT botnets, the perspective towards IoT products has transformed from enhanced living enabler into the internet of vulnerabilities for cybercriminals. Of all the several types of malware, botnet is considered as really a serious risk that often happens in cybercrimes and cyber-attacks. Botnet performs some predefined jobs and that too in some automated fashion. These attacks mostly occur in situations like phishing against any critical targets. Files sharing channel information are moved to DDoS attacks. IoT botnets have subjected two distinct problems, firstly, on the public internet. Most of the IoT devices are easily accessible. Secondly, in the architecture of most of the IoT units, security is usually a reconsideration. This particular chapter discusses IoT, botnet in IoT, and various botnet detection techniques available in IoT.