bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video-assisted treatment of pilonidal disease, using a combination of diathermy ablation and phenol application
Authors: Gecim Ibrahim Ethem , Goktug Ufuk Utku , Celasin Haydar , Balcı Deniz
Published: June 2016

Video-assisted diathermy ablation (VADA) and crystallised phenol application (CPA) have been independently suggested as minimally invasive treatment options for sacrococcygeal pilonidal disease (SPD). The failure rates may be 5–33% with either method, and these methods have a longer healing time when used alone. Thus, we combined the two methods to fulgurate the infected inner lining of the sinus after cleaning up the hair and debris, and to identify the anatomy of the pilonidal cavity in its entirety, including its branches and cavities, by video assistance; the ultimate aim was to disperse sclerosing phenol crystals for faster healing and potentially less or no recurrence. This is the first case in the literature that has been treated by combining CPA and VADA. The patient healed within less than a month, with no need for professional wound care, and was free of recurrence at 2-year follow-up.
Non-operative treatment of ruptured ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Dalsgaard Jensen Trine , Penninga Luit
Published: June 2016

Ruptured ectopic pregnancy often causes abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding and internal haemorrhage; it is a very serious condition and can be life-threatening. Patients with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy are normally treated by surgical intervention. We describe a case of a 20-year-old woman who presented with abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding. Urine human chorionic gonadotropin was positive and on examination she had localised tenderness of the abdomen. Transvaginal ultrasonography revealed a ruptured tubal pregnancy along with blood in the abdomen. The patient was closely monitored and treated conservatively, with a successful outcome. She recovered uneventfully. Our case shows that non-operative treatment of a ruptured ectopic pregnancy may be a possible non-invasive treatment option in highly selected patients.
Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH): a rare but potentially fatal association withPlasmodium vivaxmalaria
Authors: Ullah Waqas , Abdullah Hafez Mohammad Ammar , Qadir Shayan , Shahzad Muhammad Asim
Published: June 2016

Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a potentially fatal syndrome that is caused by an abnormal activation of the immune system. It can present as the primary syndrome or occur secondary to a variety of conditions such as malignancy, autoimmune diseases and infections. We present a case of a man who developed HLH secondary toPlasmodium vivaxinfection. He presented with symptoms of fever, chills and myalgias. Physical examination revealed significant hepatosplenomegaly. The presence of pancytopaenia, elevated ferritin levels and haemophagocytosis on bone marrow biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of HLH (based on HLH-2004 criteria). There was a significant improvement after the initiation of intravenous antimalarials. No relapses were documented on follow-up. It is imperative that physicians should promptly recognise and treat this rare condition, as a timely intervention can be lifesaving.
Guanidinoacetic acid versus creatine for improved brain and muscle creatine levels: a superiority pilot trial in healthy men
Authors: Ostojic Sergej M. , Ostojic Jelena , Drid Patrik , Vranes Milan
Published: June 2016

In this randomized, double-blind, crossover trial, we evaluated whether 4-week supplementation with guanidinoacetic acid (GAA) is superior to creatine in facilitating creatine levels in healthy men (n = 5). GAA (3.0 g/day) resulted in a more powerful rise (up to 16.2%) in tissue creatine levels in vastus medialis muscle, middle-cerebellar peduncle, and paracentral grey matter, as compared with creatine (P < 0.05). These results indicate that GAA as a preferred alternative to creatine for improved bioenergetics in energy-demanding tissues.
Correlations for undrained shear strength of Finnish soft clays
Authors: D’Ignazio Marco , Phoon Kok-Kwang , Tan Siew Ann , Länsivaara Tim Tapani
Published: June 2016

The study focuses on the derivation of transformation models for undrained shear strength (su) of Finnish soft sensitive clays. Specific correlation equations for suof Finnish clays are presented in this work for the first time. Field and laboratory measurements from 24 test sites in Finland are exploited for this purpose and a multivariate database is constructed. The multivariate data consist of sufrom the field vane test, preconsolidation stress, vertical effective stress, liquid limit, plastic limit, natural water content, and sensitivity. The main objective is to evaluate the interdependence of su, consolidation stresses, and index parameters and provide a consistent framework for practical use. The new correlations are established through regression analyses. The constructed framework is further validated by another independent multivariate database of clays from Sweden and Norway as well as by empirical equations for Swedish and Norwegian clays. Existing correlations are evaluated for Finnish and Scandinavian clays. Finally, bias and uncertainties of the new correlations are presented.
Natural root grafting in Picea mariana to cope with spruce budworm outbreaks
Authors: Salomón Roberto L. , Tarroux Emilie , DesRochers Annie
Published: June 2016

Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana Clem.) outbreaks cause extensive mortality and growth reductions throughout boreal forests in eastern North America. As tree vulnerability to defoliation remains partially unexplained by tree and stand attributes, we hypothesized that root grafting might attenuate the negative impact of severe defoliation in tree growth. Two experimental sites in the Abitibi-Témiscamingue region dominated by black spruce (Picea mariana Mill.) were harvested and hydraulically excavated to study tree growth in 36 trees in relation to root grafting and the last spruce budworm outbreak using dendroecological methods. Root grafts reduced the negative effects of defoliation by maintaining stable growth in connected trees during epidemic periods. Among dominant trees, growth releases immediately after the outbreak were uniquely observed in grafted trees. Among suppressed trees, grafted trees tended to grow more than non-grafted trees when defoliation severity was the highest. Carbohydrate transfers through root grafts and enhanced efficiency to acquire resources may explain the better performance of grafted trees under scenarios of limited carbon supply. This study reinforces the growing body of literature that suggests root grafting as a cooperative strategy to withstand severe disturbances and highlights the key role of root grafting in stand dynamics to cope with periodic outbreaks.
The state of innovation in the British Columbia value-added wood products sector: the example of chain of custody certification
Authors: Gilani Haris R. , Kozak Robert A. , Innes John L.
Published: June 2016

This paper investigates the practices of the value-added wood products industry in British Columbia (BC) with respect to innovativeness using the results of an online survey. The survey employed an indirect self-evaluation scale to assess the propensity to create and (or) adopt new products, processes, and business systems. Using chain of custody certification as an example of business systems innovation, this study also investigated the attitudes of the value-added wood products manufacturers, who were already certified or who may become certified, towards innovation in this form. Results show that the respondents rated themselves as more innovative with respect to business systems innovation compared with product and process innovations. Overall, innovation levels were low in the BC value-added wood products sector, a result which was confirmed in the case of chain of custody certification.
Entanglement and fast quantum thermalization in heavy ion collisions
Authors: Ho Chiu Man , Hsu Stephen D. H.
Published: June 2016

Let [Formula: see text] be subsystem of a larger system [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be a typical state from the subspace of the Hilbert space [Formula: see text] satisfying an energy constraint. Then [Formula: see text] is nearly thermal. We discuss how this observation is related to fast thermalization of the central region ([Formula: see text]) in heavy ion collisions (HIC), where [Formula: see text] represents other degrees of freedom (soft modes, hard jets, collinear particles) outside of [Formula: see text]. Entanglement between the modes in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] play a central role: the entanglement entropy [Formula: see text] increases rapidly in the collision. In gauge–gravity duality, [Formula: see text] is related to the area of extremal surfaces in the bulk, which can be studied using gravitational duals.
Conservation laws of coupled semilinear wave equations
Authors: Anco Stephen C. , Khalique Chaudry Masood
Published: June 2016

A complete classification of all low-order conservation laws is carried out for a system of coupled semilinear wave equations which is a natural two-component generalization of the nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation. The conserved quantities defined by these conservation laws are derived and their physical meaning is discussed.
The Incremental Knowledge Acquisition Based on Hash Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Qing-Hua , Yao Long-Yang , Zhang Guan-Sheng , Xin Yu-Ke
Published: June 2016

In this paper, a new incremental knowledge acquisition method is proposed based on rough set theory, decision tree and granular computing. In order to effectively process dynamic data, describing the data by rough set theory, computing equivalence classes and calculating positive region with hash algorithm are analyzed respectively at first. Then, attribute reduction, value reduction and the extraction of rule set by hash algorithm are completed efficiently. Finally, for each new additional data, the incremental knowledge acquisition method is proposed and used to update the original rules. Both algorithm analysis and experiments show that for processing the dynamic information systems, compared with the traditional algorithms and the incremental knowledge acquisition algorithms based on granular computing, the time complexity of the proposed algorithm is lower due to the efficiency of hash algorithm and also this algorithm is more effective when it is used to deal with the huge data sets.
Fubini-Like Theorem of Real-Valued Choquet Integrals for Set-Valued Mappings
Authors: Zong Gaofeng , Chen Zengjing , Lan Yuting
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this paper is to establish a Fubini-like theorem of real-valued Choquet integrals for set-valued mappings in the frame of capacity theory. To this, we introduce the comonotonic random sets and slice-comonotonic set-valued mappings, which to make good use of the comonotonic additivity of Choquet integrals.
Neuro-Fuzzy Controller Design to Navigate Unmanned Vehicle with Construction of Traffic Rules to Avoid Obstacles
Authors: Barman Bandana , Kanjilal Ria , Mukhopadhyay Anirban
Published: June 2016

To navigate an autonomous unmanned vehicle (UV) in an obstacle based trajectory, the fuzzy-neural network is very essential. In this paper, we designed a fuzzy inference system to guide an unmanned vehicle for maintaining traffic rules to reach its goal with avoiding obstacles. The fuzzy inference system which we designed, generates fuzzy if then rules and defines a nonlinear mapping of input data. The input data are initial position, velocity of vehicle and whether there is any obstacle. Input data are simulated and trained by hybrid algorithm. The result controls the navigation of UV and also minimizes error performance to reach the goal.
Knowledge Expertise and Mass Amateurization on Internet-Based Knowledge Markets
Authors: Zhang Zuopeng Justin , Zeng Zhen , Zhang Li
Published: June 2016

Few studies have investigated the emerging category of Pro-Ams and its impact on knowledge markets over the Internet. We tend to address this gap in our study. Our research proposes a formal framework of knowledge expertise with mass amateurization and analyzes its impact on Internet-based knowledge markets. Specifically, the new definition of knowledge expertise consists of three major components: primary, searching, and learning expertise. Due to the effect of mass amateurization, questions posted by knowledge seekers on Internet-based knowledge markets are more likely to be answered by knowledge providers, resulting in more knowledge transactions to be consummated. This paper also discusses the impact of mass amateurization on different types of Internet-based knowledge markets. This research provides valuable insights for practitioners to manage knowledge markets with effective policies.
Evaluation of Anti‐Inflammatory Potential of the New Ganghwaljetongyeum on Adjuvant‐Induced Inflammatory Arthritis in Rats
Authors: Kim Wangin , Park Sangbin , Choi Chanhun , Kim Youg Ran , Park Inkyu , Seo Changseob , Youn Daehwan , Shin Wook , Lee Yumi , Choi Donghee , Kim Mirae , Lee Hyunju , Kim Seonjong , Na Changsu
Published: June 2016

Ganghwaljetongyeum (GHJTY) has been used as a standard treatment for arthritis for approximately 15 years at the Korean Medicine Hospital of Dongshin University. GHJTY is composed of 18 medicinal herbs, of which five primary herbs were selected and named new Ganghwaljetongyeum (N‐GHJTY). The purpose of the present study was to observe the effect of N‐GHJTY on arthritis and to determine its mechanism of action. After confirming arthritis induction using complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) in rats, N‐GHJTY (62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg/day) was administered once a day for 10 days. In order to determine pathological changes, edema of the paws and weight were measured before and for 10 days after N‐GHJTY administration. Cytokine (TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6) levels and histopathological lesions in the knee joint were also examined. Edema in the paw and knee joint of N‐GHJTY‐treated rats was significantly decreased at 6, 8, and 10 days after administration, compared to that in the CFA‐control group, while weight consistently increased. Rats in N‐GHJTY‐treated groups also recovered from the CFA‐induced pathological changes and showed a significant decline in cytokine levels. Taken together, our results showed that N‐GHJTY administration was effective in inhibiting CFA‐induced arthritis via anti‐inflammatory effects while promoting cartilage recovery by controlling cytokine levels.
A Perturbed Compressed Sensing Protocol for Crowd Sensing
Authors: Zhang Zijian , Jin Chengcheng , Li Meng , Zhu Liehuang
Published: June 2016

Crowd sensing network is a data-centric network consisting of many participants uploading environmental data by smart mobile devices or predeployed sensors; however, concerns about communication complexity and data confidentiality arise in real application. Recently, Compressed Sensing (CS) is a booming theory which employs nonadaptive linear projections to reduce data quantity and then reconstructs the original signal. Unfortunately, privacy issues induced by untrusted network still remain to be unsettled practically. In this paper, we consider crowd sensing using CS in wireless sensor network (WSN) as the application scenario and propose a data collection protocol called perturbed compressed sensing protocol (PCSP) to preserve data confidentiality as well as its practicality. At first, we briefly introduce the CS theory and three factors correlated with reconstruction effect. Secondly, a secure CS-based framework using a secret disturbance is developed to protect raw data in WSN, in which each node collects, encrypts, measures, and transmits the sampled data in our protocol. Formally, we prove that our protocol is CPA-secure on the basis of a theorem. Finally, evaluation on real and simulative datasets shows that our protocol could not only achieve higher efficiency than related algorithms but also protect signal’s confidentiality.
The Effect of Seoritae Extract in Men with Mild to Moderate Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Suggestive of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Bae Woong Jin , Park Hyo Jung , Koo Hye Cheong , Kim Do Ram , Ha U-Syn , Kim Kang Sup , Kim Su Jin , Cho Hyuk Jin , Hong Sung Hoo , Lee Ji Youl , Hwang Sung Yeoun , Kim Sae Woong
Published: June 2016

We evaluated the effects of Seoritae extract (SE) on mild to moderate lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Seventy‐six subjects with mild to moderate LUTS suggestive of BPH were prospectively recruited from the urology outpatient clinic and assigned to either SE (4200 mg or 6 tablets 3 times a day) or matching placebo. The primary outcome variable, the International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS), was evaluated at baseline and at 4 and 12 weeks. Postvoid residual volume (PVR), maximum urine flow rate (Qmax), and prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) levels were evaluated. IPSSs decreased significantly from baseline to 12 weeks within the SE group. Significant improvements in IPSS voiding scores at 4 and 12 weeks were also observed in the SE group compared to the placebo group. IPSS storage and quality of life scores were also significantly decreased at 12 weeks in the SE group. There was no change in Qmax or PVR in both groups after 12 weeks. Administration of SE for 12 weeks led to significant improvements in LUTS, and it can be concerned as a reasonable and safe alternative for men with mild to moderate LUTS.
A Meta‐Analysis of Arsenic Trioxide Combined with Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization for Treatment of Primary Hepatic Carcinoma
Authors: He Ling , Xu Qingyun , Chen Liguo , Chen Ruixue
Published: June 2016

Primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) is one of the most common malignant tumours in the world. More and more research has shown that As2O3 combined with TACE has a good curative effect in treating PHC. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of As2O3 combined with TACE in treating PHC. The CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, and Cochrane databases were searched from their inception until December 2015. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing As2O3 combined with TACE versus TACE alone in treating PHC were identified. Stata SE 12.0 was used for data analysis. 17 RCTs with 1055 patients were included. Meta‐analysis showed that, compared with TACE alone, As2O3 combined with TACE showed significant effects in improving the clinical efficacy rate (P < 0.01), decreasing the value of alpha‐fetoprotein (P < 0.01), increasing the one‐year survival rate (P < 0.01), and improving the quality of life of PHC patients (P < 0.01). Fifteen studies had mentioned adverse events, but no serious adverse effects were reported in any of the included trials. In conclusion, As2O3 combined with TACE therapy appears to be potentially effective in treating PHC and is generally safe. However, further studies with rigorous designs trials and multiregional cooperation trials are needed.
A Novel and Disposable Enzyme-Labeled Amperometric Immunosensor Based on MWCNT Fibers forListeria monocytogenesDetection
Authors: Lu Ying , Liu Yongling , Zhao Yong , Li Wenjiao , Qiu Longbing , Li Li
Published: June 2016

A sensitive and specific immunosensor was developed by immobilizing HRP-labeled antibody againstListeria monocytogenesonto the surface of the novel multiwalled carbon nanotube fibers. Firstly, the influence of immunoelectrode modification methods (chemical and physical method) on detection sensitivity and stability was studied. Next, immunosensor was developed, optimized, and applied for the detection ofL. monocytogenes. The morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical behaviors were by cyclic voltammetry. SEM image, relative response (%), and current data showed chemical modification for immunoelectrode was helpful to capture more target bacteria and obtain more stable current response, resulting in improving the detection sensitivity. The linear relationship betweenL. monocytogenesconcentration andΔIpcwas from 102to 105 cfu/mL (R2=0.993), and LOD was1.07×102 cfu/mL.L. monocytogenesin mixed bacteria (1.51 × 103 cfu/mL) of milk sample (S/N > 14) were detected by developed immunosensor, showing good specificity. Good storage stability and reproducibility (RSD < 6.5%) also showed the potential application of immunosensor for the rapid detection ofL. monocytogenes.
The Vulnerability of Some Networks including Cycles via Domination Parameters
Authors: Turaci Tufan , Aksan Hüseyin
Published: June 2016

LetG=(V(G),E(G))be an undirected simple connected graph. A network is usually represented by an undirected simple graph where vertices represent processors and edges represent links between processors. Finding the vulnerability values of communication networks modeled by graphs is important for network designers. The vulnerability value of a communication network shows the resistance of the network after the disruption of some centers or connection lines until a communication breakdown. The domination number and its variations are the most important vulnerability parameters for network vulnerability. Some variations of domination numbers are the 2-domination number, the bondage number, the reinforcement number, the average lower domination number, the average lower 2-domination number, and so forth. In this paper, we study the vulnerability of cycles and related graphs, namely, fans,k-pyramids, andn-gon books, via domination parameters. Then, exact solutions of the domination parameters are obtained for the above-mentioned graphs.
Extraction of Sodium Picrate by 3m-Crown-mEthers and Their Monobenzo Derivatives (m= 5, 6) into Benzene: Estimation of Their Equilibrium-Potential Differences at the Less-Polar Diluent/Water Interface by an Extraction Method
Authors: Kudo Yoshihiro , Nakamori Tsubasa , Numako Chiya
Published: June 2016

Individual distribution constants (KD,A) of picrate ion (Pic−) and extraction constants (Kex±) of NaPic by some crown ethers (L) into benzene (Bz) at 25°C were calculated from data reported previously. These constants were defined asKD,Pic=Pic-o/[Pic-]andKex±=NaL+oPic-o/(Na+Lo[Pic-]), respectively. Here, the subscript “o” denotes an organic (o) phase and practically o = Bz. 15-Crown-5 ether (15C5), 18-crown-6 one (18C6), and their monobenzo (B) derivatives (B15C5 and B18C6) were selected as L. Interfacial equilibrium-potential differences (Δϕeq) at extraction were estimated at 298 K. A plot oflog⁡Kex±versus-Δϕeqfor the four L extraction systems gave a straight line with slope = 84 V−1. This slope was compared with those, reported before, of the dichloromethane (DCM), 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE), and nitrobenzene (NB) extraction systems. The slopes of the regression lines were in the order NB < DCM ≤ DCE < Bz. Also, the individual distribution constants of the complex ionNaL+and an ion-pair complex (NaL+Pic-) into Bz phase were calculated from the above extraction data. At least, a comparison between these values suggests that Bz molecules mainly interact withNaL+moiety ofNaL+Pic-.
Optimization and Prediction of Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Graphene/LLDPE Nanocomposites by Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Khanam P. Noorunnisa , AlMaadeed MA , AlMaadeed Sumaaya , Kunhoth Suchithra , Ouederni M. , Sun D. , Hamilton A. , Jones Eileen Harkin , Mayoral Beatriz
Published: June 2016

The focus of this work is to develop the knowledge of prediction of the physical and chemical properties of processed linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE)/graphene nanoplatelets composites. Composites made from LLDPE reinforced with 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 wt% grade C graphene nanoplatelets (C-GNP) were processed in a twin screw extruder with three different screw speeds and feeder speeds (50, 100, and 150 rpm). These applied conditions are used to optimize the following properties: thermal conductivity, crystallization temperature, degradation temperature, and tensile strength while prediction of these properties was done through artificial neural network (ANN). The three first properties increased with increase in both screw speed and C-GNP content. The tensile strength reached a maximum value at 4 wt% C-GNP and a speed of 150 rpm as this represented the optimum condition for the stress transfer through the amorphous chains of the matrix to the C-GNP. ANN can be confidently used as a tool to predict the above material properties before investing in development programs and actual manufacturing, thus significantly saving money, time, and effort.
Miniscalpel‐Needle Treatment Is Effective for Work‐Related Neck and Shoulder Musculoskeletal Disorders
Authors: Li Shuming , Shen Tong , Liang Yongshan , Bai Bo , Zhang Ying
Published: June 2016

Background. Work‐related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a group of painful disorders of muscles, tendons, and nerves, such as neck and shoulder MSD. This study was designed to use miniscalpel‐needle (MSN) technique as an intervention for work‐related MSDs. Methods. Thirty‐one patients with work‐related MSDs and 28 healthy subjects were enrolled as controls in this study. The MSD symptoms of each patient were assessed by visual analog scale (VAS) and neck disability index (NDI). Blood samples were collected from control subjects and MSD patients before and after treatment. Serum levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were measured using ELISA. Results. Prior to MSN treatment, serum levels of CRP and TNF were significantly higher in the MSD patients than the healthy controls. Serum CRP levels correlated with VAS and NDI scores, and serum TNF levels correlated with NDI scores. Compared to pretreatment, VAS and NDI scores were significantly lower in MSD patients after MSN treatment, while serum CRP and TNF levels were significantly lower compared with the healthy control levels. Conclusions. Our results indicate that MSN may be an effective intervention for work‐related MSDs and be associated with lower serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers.
Equilibrium Signal and Purchase Decision in China’s IPO Net Roadshow: A Dynamic Game Approach
Authors: Zhao Yi , Li Dong
Published: June 2016

The net roadshow has been dominant in China’s IPO (initial public offerings) roadshow structure. Considering the dynamic game with incomplete information between the issuer and investor during China’s IPO net roadshow, the quality of the letter of intent is presented as a discrete signal in this paper in accordance with China’s IPO net roadshow characteristics. A signaling game model is established to conclude the issuer’s equilibrium signal and the investor’s purchase action. The issuer disguised a letter of intent to uplift its quality if the disguising cost per share stands below the bidding spread. If the investor judges the letter of intent as high-quality, the basis of purchase is that the opportunity cost per share is less than the expectation on the intrinsic value of the IPO stock. Otherwise the investor rejects purchasing on the condition that the opportunity cost outnumbers the valuation of intrinsic value. In conclusion, there exist unique separating equilibrium and pooling equilibrium as a perfect Bayesian Nash equilibrium, and the existence and uniqueness of their equilibrium domains have been verified by numerical simulation. Finally, the comprehensive empirical studies have validated only one separating and pooling equilibrium existing in China’s real-world IPO market.
Formulation for Effective Screening and Management of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis: Noninvasive NAFLD Management Strategy
Authors: Hirose Kanae , Kanefuji Tsutomu , Suda Takeshi , Sugitani Souichi , Nagasaki Keisuke , Kubota Tomoyuki , Igarashi Masato , Terai Shuji
Published: June 2016

To establish a versatile means for screening and management of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), shear wave velocity was measured in 20 normal controls and 138 consecutive nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) cases. Referencing biochemical properties in 679 healthy volunteers, a formula to distinguish NASH suspects was established and validated in another cohort of 138 histologically proven NAFLD cases. NASH and simple steatosis (SS) suspects were selected based on a plot of shear wave velocity against age. A formula consisting of five factors (γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, platelet counts, body mass index, and presence/absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus) distinguished NASH suspects from SS suspects with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values of 86% and 84% in the development and validation cohorts. Among 25 NAFLD cases in which shear wave velocity was repeatedly measured, 8 and 9 cases revealed an increase or decrease, respectively, of shear wave velocity in the entire liver, and the corresponding change in shear wave velocity was primarily observed in the right lobe or the left lateral segment, respectively. These results suggest that the new formula and sequential shear wave velocity measurements at each segment enable high throughput screening of NASH suspects and noninvasive assessment of pathophysiological alleviation/aggravation in cases of NASH.
Salvianolic Acid B Prevents Iodinated Contrast Media‐Induced Acute Renal Injury in Rats via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 Pathway
Authors: Tongqiang Liu , Shaopeng Liu , Xiaofang Yu , Nana Song , Xialian Xu , Jiachang Hu , Ting Zhang , Xiaoqiang Ding
Published: June 2016

Contrast‐induced acute renal injury (CI‐AKI) has become a common cause of hospital‐acquired renal failure. However, the development of prophylaxis strategies and approved therapies for CI‐AKI is limited. Salvianolic acid B (SB) can treat cardiovascular‐related diseases. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of SB on prevention of CI‐AKI and explore its underlying mechanisms. We examined its effectiveness of preventing renal injury in a novel CI‐AKI rat model. Compared with saline, intravenous SB pretreatment significantly attenuated elevations in serum creatinine and the histological changes of renal tubular injuries, reduced the number of apoptosis‐positive tubular cells, activated Nrf2, and lowered the levels of renal oxidative stress induced by iodinated contrast media. The above renoprotection of SB was abolished by the PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin). In HK‐2 cells, SB activated Nrf2 and decreased the levels of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and subsequently improved cell viability. The above cytoprotection of SB was blocked by the PI3K inhibitor (wortmannin) or siNrf2. Thus, our results demonstrate that, due to its antioxidant properties, SB has the potential to effectively prevent CI‐AKI via the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway.
Effect of Surface Treatment on Shear Bond Strength between Resin Cement and Ce-TZP/Al2O3
Authors: Kim Jong-Eun , Kim Jee-Hwan , Shim June-Sung , Roh Byoung-Duck , Shin Yooseok
Published: June 2016

Purpose.Although several studies evaluating the mechanical properties of Ce-TZP/Al2O3have been published, to date, no study has been published investigating the bonding protocol between Ce-TZP/Al2O3and resin cement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength to air-abraded Ce-TZP/Al2O3when primers and two different cement types were used.Materials and Methods.Two types of zirconia (Y-TZP and Ce-TZP/Al2O3) specimens were further divided into four subgroups according to primer application and the cement used. Shear bond strength was measured after water storage for 3 days or 5,000 times thermocycling for artificial aging.Results.The Y-TZP block showed significantly higher shear bond strength than the Ce-TZP/Al2O3block generally. Primer application promoted high bond strength and less effect on bond strength reduction after thermocycling, regardless of the type of cement, zirconia block, or aging time.Conclusions.Depending on the type of the primer or resin cement used after air-abrasion, different wettability of the zirconia surface can be observed. Application of primer affected the values of shear bond strength after the thermocycling procedure. In the case of using the same bonding protocol, Y-TZP could obtain significantly higher bond strength compared with Ce-TZP/Al2O3.
A Comparison of the Effects of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition on Cartilage Damage
Authors: Gokay Nevzat Selim , Yilmaz Ibrahim , Komur Baran , Demiroz Ahu Senem , Gokce Alper , Dervisoglu Sergülen , Gokay Banu Vural
Published: June 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of selective inducible nitric oxide synthase and neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors on cartilage regeneration. The study involved 27 Wistar rats that were divided into five groups. On Day 1, both knees of 3 rats were resected and placed in a formalin solution as a control group. The remaining 24 rats were separated into 4 groups, and their right knees were surgically damaged. Depending on the groups, the rats were injected with intra-articular normal saline solution, neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (50 mg/kg), inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor amino-guanidine (30 mg/kg), or nitric oxide precursor L-arginine (200 mg/kg). After 21 days, the right and left knees of the rats were resected and placed in formalin solution. The samples were histopathologically examined by a blinded evaluator and scored on 8 parameters. Although selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibition exhibited significant (P=0.044) positive effects on cartilage regeneration following cartilage damage, it was determined that inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition had no statistically significant effect on cartilage regeneration. It was observed that the nitric oxide synthase activation triggered advanced arthrosis symptoms, such as osteophyte formation. The fact that selective neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors were observed to have mitigating effects on the severity of the damage may, in the future, influence the development of new agents to be used in the treatment of cartilage disorders.
Interaction between Mean Arterial Pressure and HbA1c in Prediction of Cardiovascular Disease Hospitalisation: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Yu Dahai , Zhao Zhanzheng , Simmons David
Published: June 2016

Objective. To explore the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP), HbA1c, and cardiovascular (CV) hospitalisation risk in type 2 diabetes.Design. Population-based case-control study.Settings. Primary and secondary care level in Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom.Participants. 588 patients with type 2 diabetes from 18 English general practices recording a CV hospitalisation in 2009–2011 were included. Risk-set sampling was used to select 2920 gender, age, and practice matched control type 2 diabetes patients.Main Outcome Measure. Conditional logistic regression was used to explore further dose-response relationships between MAP, HbA1c, and CV hospitalisation risk.Results. The relationship between MAP and CV hospitalisation was nonlinear (P<0.001for linearity test). The MAP associated with the lowest CV hospitalisation risk was 97 (95% CI: 93–101) mmHg. An interaction between MAP and HbA1c for increased risk of cardiovascular hospitalisation was observed among those with HbA1c < 7% (53 mmol/mol) and MAP < 97 mmHg.Conclusions. In type 2 diabetes, MAP is a good predictor of CV hospitalisation risk. CV hospitalisation is lowest with a MAP between 93 and 101 mmHg. CV hospitalisation was particularly high among those with both a low MAP and a lower HbA1c.
The Effect of Mechanical Vibration Stimulation of Perception Subthreshold on the Muscle Force and Muscle Reaction Time of Lower Leg
Authors: Kim Huigyun , Kwak Kiyoung , Kim Dongwook
Published: June 2016

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of mechanical vibration stimulation on the muscle force and muscle reaction time of lower leg according to perception threshold and vibration frequency. A vibration stimulation with perception threshold intensity was applied on the Achilles tendon and tibialis anterior tendon. EMG measurement and analysis system were used to analyze the change of muscle force and muscle reaction time according to perception threshold and vibration frequency. A root-mean-square (RMS) value was extracted using analysis software and Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC) and Premotor Time (PMT) were analyzed. The measurement results showed that perception threshold was different from application sites of vibration frequency. Also, the muscle force and muscle reaction time showed difference according to the presence of vibration, frequency, and intensity. This result means that the vibration stimulation causes the change on the muscle force and muscle reaction time and affects the muscles of lower leg by the characteristics of vibration stimulation.
Existence of Solutions to a Class of Semilinear Elliptic Problem with Nonlinear Singular Terms and Variable Exponent
Authors: Chu Ying , Gao Yanchao , Gao Wenjie
Published: June 2016

The authors of this paper prove the existence and regularity results for the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary value problem to the equation- div(M(x)∇un)=f(x)/uα(x)withf∈Lm(Ω)  (m⩾1)andα(x)>0. The results show the dependence of the summability offin some Lebesgue spaces and on the values ofα(x).
Etiology and Management of Male Iatrogenic Urethral Stricture: Retrospective Analysis of 172 Cases in a Single Medical Center
Authors: Zhou Shu-kui , Zhang Jiong , Sa Ying-long , Jin San-bao , Xu Yue-min , Fu Qiang , Lazzeri Massimo
Published: June 2016

Purpose: To investigate the etiology and management of male iatrogenic urethral stricture in China. Methods: The data of 172 patients with iatrogenic urethral stricture who underwent treatment at a high volume reference center in China from January 2008 to February 2014 were analyzed retrospectively. Databases were analyzed to understand the impact of different types of iatrogenic injury on stricture location, length and treatment of urethral strictures, as well as success rates. Results: The most common type of iatrogenic stricture was urethral instrumentations in 80 patients (46.51%). Mean stricture length was 3.3 ± 2.54 cm and the longest strictures were those caused by intravesical instillation. Substitution urethroplasty was the most common intervention and was performed in 60.47% (104/172) of patients. The overall success rate was 85.00% (136/160). Univariable analyses revealed that the type of iatrogenic injury was significantly related to restenosis (p = 0.036), and it is more apt to postoperative restenosis in the type of intravesical instillation than others. Conclusion: Our results showed that urethral instrumentation is the most common etiology of iatrogenic urethral stricture, and most iatrogenic urethral strictures involve the anterior urethra. The different etiologies are closely associated with stricture location, length and the overall prognosis of urethral strictures.
Automated CT Perfusion for Ischemic Core Volume Prediction in Tandem Anterior Circulation Occlusions
Authors: Haussen Diogo C. , Dehkharghani Seena , Grigoryan Mikayel , Bowen Meredith , Rebello Leticia C. , Nogueira Raul G.
Published: June 2016

Background/Aim: CT perfusion (CTP) predicts ischemic core volumes in acute ischemic stroke (AIS); however, assumptions made within the pharmacokinetic model may engender errors by the presence of tracer delay or dispersion. We aimed to evaluate the impact of hemodynamic disturbance due to extracranial anterior circulation occlusions upon the accuracy of ischemic core volume estimation with an automated perfusion analysis tool (RAPID) among AIS patients with large-vessel occlusions. Methods: A prospectively collected, interventional database was retrospectively reviewed for all cases of endovascular treatment of AIS between September 2010 and March 2015 for patients with anterior circulation occlusions with baseline CTP and full reperfusion (mTICI3). Results: Out of 685 treated patients, 114 fit the inclusion criteria. Comparison between tandem (n = 21) and nontandem groups (n = 93) revealed similar baseline ischemic core (20 ± 19 vs. 19 ± 25 cm3; p = 0.8), Tmax >6 s (175 ± 109 vs. 162 ± 118 cm3; p = 0.6), Tmax >10 s (90 ± 84 vs. 90 ± 91 cm3; p = 0.9), and final infarct volumes (45 ± 47 vs. 37 ± 45 cm3; p = 0.5). Baseline core volumes were found to correlate with final infarct volumes for the tandem (r = 0.49; p = 0.02) and nontandem (r = 0.44; p < 0.01) groups. The mean absolute difference between estimated core and final infarct volume was similar between patients with and those without (24 ± 41 vs. 17 ± 41 cm3; p = 0.5) tandem lesions. Conclusions: The prediction of baseline ischemic core volumes through an optimized CTP analysis employing rigorous normalization, thresholding, and voxel-wise analysis is not significantly influenced by the presence of underlying extracranial carotid steno-occlusive disease in large-vessel AIS.
A Comparison of Transplant Outcomes in Peritoneal and Hemodialysis Patients: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Tang Maozhi , Li Tianyi , Liu Hong
Published: June 2016

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) and hemodialysis (HD) have been considered the 2 standard pre-transplant dialysis modalities in patients awaiting kidney transplantation. However, the impact of pretransplant dialysis on the short- and long-term post-transplant outcomes remains controversial. Methods: We searched PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane central register of controlled trials for this review. Twelve studies were identified by strict screening for the meta-analysis. Results: We found that pretransplant PD patients had a significantly lower incidence of delayed graft function than HD patients, with an OR 0.67 (95% CI 0.62-0.72, p < 0.05). In contrast, there was no significant difference in the incidence of acute rejection, OR 0.96 (95% CI 0.75-1.16). Pretransplant PD had a better 5-year patient survival rate than HD, with a hazard ratio 0.86 (95% CI 0.79-0.95, p < 0.05); however, there were no significant differences in the graft survival rate (p = 0.08). Conclusions: We found that PD was a better choice of pretransplant dialysis modality than HD. Video Journal Club ‘Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco' at http://www.karger.com/?doi=446272.
Is Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Always Able to Detect the Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Action on Neovascular Membrane
Authors: Borgia Luigi , Del Noce Chiara , Iester Michele
Published: June 2016

Purpose: To show the presence of an active neovascular membrane in age-related macular degeneration even if optical coherence tomography (OCT) does not detect intra- or subretinal edema. Methods: This is a retrospective case report. During the follow-up after the intravitreal injection, 3 patients showed no intraretinal or subretinal edema by OCT; however, there was a progressive reduction in their visual acuity; thus, a fluorangiography (FA) examination was performed. Results: In these 3 cases, FA showed an active neovascular network. Conclusion: OCT could show a real reduction in the edema, but it is not always able to detect neovessel presence. Intravitreal injection could improve the vessel permeability without care and delete the neovascular network.
Bilateral Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment during External Beam Radiotherapy
Authors: Hidaka Takako , Chuman Hideki , Nao-i Nobuhisa
Published: June 2016

Herein, we report a case of nontraumatic bilateral rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) during external beam radiotherapy for nonocular tumor, presented as an observational case study in conjunction with a review of the relevant literature. A 65-year-old male was referred to our hospital due to bilateral RRD. He underwent a biopsy for a tumor of the left frontal lobe 4 months prior to presentation, and the tumor had been diagnosed as primary central nerve system B-cell type lymphoma. He received chemotherapy and external beam radiotherapy for 1 month. There were no traumatic episodes. Bilateral retinal detachment occurred during a series of radiotherapies. Simultaneous nontraumatic bilateral retinal detachment is rare. The effects of radiotherapy on ocular functionality, particularly in cases involving retinal adhesion and vitreous contraction, may include RRD. Thus, it is necessary to closely monitor the eyes of patients undergoing radiotherapy, particularly those undergoing surgery for retinal detachment and those with a history of photocoagulation for retinal tears, a relevant family history, or risk factors known to be associated with RRD.
Risk Factors for Local Recurrence after Emergency Resection for Colon Cancer: Scenario in Sweden
Authors: Brännström Fredrik , Gunnarsson Ulf
Published: June 2016

Background/Aims: Patients undergoing emergency resection for colon cancer have a worse outcome both in terms of short- and long-term survival than those having elective surgery. The aim of this population-based study was to determine factors associated with increased risk for local recurrence following emergency resection. Methods: The Stockholm-Gotland Healthcare Region Colon Cancer Register was used to identify all colon cancer patients who had undergone emergency colon resection with curative intent in that region 1997-2007. Patient records were scrutinised to obtain any missing information. The influence of the following factors was assessed: indication for emergency resection; time between admission and surgery; surgery daytime or at night; American Association of Anesthesiologists score; volume of blood lost; and T- and N-stage. Our endpoint was loco-regional recurrence. Results: Apart from stage, perforation as indication for emergency surgery was the only factor that influenced the risk for local recurrence (hazard ratio 1.96; 95% CI 1.12-3.43). Conclusion: In this study, the only factor associated with local recurrence after emergency resection for colon cancer was preoperative perforation. This implies that changes in our current management algorithm would be unlikely to lead to improvement. Efforts should therefore concentrate on reducing the proportion of patients operated on an emergency basis.
Thrombolytic Action of Apixaban on Intra-Atrial Thrombus Developed after Previous Treatment with Warfarin: A Case Report
Authors: Valero Ernesto , Santas Enrique , Núñez Julio
Published: June 2016

Objective: To highlight the usefulness of apixaban on intra-atrial thrombus that develops after previous treatment with warfarin. Clinical Presentation and Intervention: A 69-year-old woman with a history of atrial fibrillation treated with warfarin presented with acute decompensated heart failure due to an episode of atrial fibrillation. Transesophageal echocardiogram revealed the presence of an intra-atrial thrombus. She was treated with apixaban, and transesophageal echocardiogram showed complete resolution of the thrombus after 3 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: This case highlights the usefulness of apixaban in the management of atrial fibrillation and proven intra-atrial thrombus.