bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified ground calcium carbonate mineral powder using in asphalt concrete: modification mechanism characterization at macro and micro levels
Authors: Zhang Zijun , Yan Wenda
Published: April 2023

The study investigated the modification mechanism of modified ground calcium carbonate (GCC) mineral powder using in asphalt concrete. Two types of Titanate coupling agents, namely, K38S (TCA-K38S) and 201 (TCA-201), as well as sodium stearate coupling agent, were adopted to prepare modified GCC. The optimized preparation process was obtained through the orthogonal test. Two kinds of modified GCC were preferably selected to prepare asphalt concrete according to modification mechanism characterization, their performance was analyzed and evaluated at macro and micro levels. The study results show that, the optimal scheme of sodium stearate modified GCC is modification temperature of 80°C, modification time of 50 min, modifying agent dosage of 2.0%. The crystal structure of GCC remains unchanged after modification, with the original lattice structure being maintained. TCA-201 and sodium stearate exhibit better coating properties than that of TCA-K38S. The contact angles of TCA-201 and sodium stearate modified GCC are larger than that of TCA-K38S modified GCC. The in-service performance of AC-13C asphalt concrete modified with sodium stearate is found to be superior to that of TCA-201 modified AC-13C asphalt concrete. Compared with the unmodified AC-13C asphalt concrete, the Marshall modulus, residual stability, freeze-thaw splitting strength ratio, and maximum flexural tensile strain of sodium stearate modified AC-13C asphalt concrete are increased by 54.55%, 2.73%, 10.47%, and 26.41% respectively. This paper provides theoretical guidance for the application of GCC mineral powder in asphalt concrete.
Mental workload during endoscopic sinus surgery is associated with surgeons’ skill levels
Authors: Suzuki Masanobu , Miyaji Kou , Matoba Kotaro , Abe Takashige , Nakamaru Yuji , Watanabe Ryosuke , Suzuki Takayoshi , Nakazono Akira , Konno Atsushi , Hinder Dominik , Psaltis A. J. , Wormald P. J. , Homma Akihiro
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Surgeons’ mental workload during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has not been fully evaluated. The assessment was challenging due to the great diversity of each patient’s anatomy and the consequence variety of surgical difficulties. In this study, we examined the mental workload of surgeons with various surgical skill levels during ESS under the standardized condition provided by novel-designed 3D sinus models.

Materials and methods

Forty-seven participants performed a high-fidelity ESS simulation with 3D-printed sinus models. Surgeons’ mental workload was assessed with the national aeronautics and space administration-task load index (NASA-TLX). Associations between the total and subscales score of NASA-TLX and surgical skill index, including the board certification status, the number of experienced ESS cases, and the objective structured assessment of technical skills (OSATS), were analyzed. In addition, 10 registrars repeated the simulation surgery, and their NASA-TLX score was compared before and after the repetitive training.

Results

The total NASA-TLX score was significantly associated with OSATS score (p = 0.0001). Primary component analysis classified the surgeons’ mental burden into three different categories: (1) the skill-level-dependent factors (temporal demand, effort, and performance), (2) the skill-level-independent factors (mental and physical demand), and (3) frustration. After the repetitive training, the skill-level-dependent factors were alleviated (temporal demand; z = −2.3664, p = 0.0091, effort; z = −2.1704, p = 0.0346, and performance; z = −2.5992, p = 0.0017), the independent factors were increased (mental demand; z = −2.5992, p = 0.0023 and physical demand; z = −2.2509, p = 0.0213), and frustration did not change (p = 0.3625).

Conclusion

Some of the mental workload during ESS is associated with surgical skill level and alleviated with repetitive training. However, other aspects remain a burden or could worsen even when surgeons have gained surgical experience. Routine assessment of registrars’ mental burdens would be necessary during surgical training to sustain their mental health.
General Public’s knowledge, awareness, and perception of Cardiometabolic diseases: data from a Singapore study population
Authors: Anand Vickram Vijay , Goh Rachel Sze Jen , Nah Benjamin , Koh Sky Wei Chee , Lim Jieyu , Neo Nicholas W. S. , Chew Jocelyn , Lee Yuan Ying , Chin Yip Han , Chong Bryan , Kong Gwyneth , Tan Bryan , Low Zhiwen , Khoo Chin Meng , Goh Lay Hoon , Loh Poay Huan , Chai Ping , Dalakoti Mayank , Chan Mark , Foo Roger , Muthiah Mark , Chew Nicholas W. S.
Published: April 2023

Background

Health literacy and illness perception play crucial roles in tackling the cardiometabolic disease epidemic. We aim to compare the attitudes, knowledge, self-perceived risks and actions taken, between individuals with and without metabolic risk factors (MFs).

Methods

From 5 June to 5 October 2022, participants of the general public were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire. MF status was defined as the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and/or current/previous smoking. Participants were assessed based on four categories (knowledge-based, attitude-based, perceived risk, and action-based) of questions pertaining to four cardiometabolic diseases – diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Results

A total of 345 participants were enrolled, of whom 34.5% had at least one MF. Compared to those without MFs, participants with MFs had lower knowledge scores, but higher perceived risk scores across all cardiometabolic diseases. The largest knowledge gap pertained to hypertension-related questions. After adjustment, linear regression demonstrated that the presence of MFs (β:2.752, 95%CI: 0.772–4.733, p = 0.007) and higher knowledge scores (β:0.418, 95%CI: 0.236–0.600, p < 0.001) were associated with higher perceived risk. Despite increased perceived risk in those with MFs, this translated to only few increased self-reported preventive actions, when compared to those without MFs, namely the reduction in red meat/processed food consumption (p = 0.045) and increase in fruits/vegetables consumption (p = 0.009).

Conclusion

This study identified a vulnerable subpopulation living with MFs, with high perceived risks, and discordant levels of knowledge and preventive actions taken. Nationwide efforts should be channeled into addressing the knowledge-to-action gap.
Adaptive and innate immune responses in multiple sclerosis with anti-CD20 therapy: Gene expression and protein profiles
Authors: Fong Chloe C. , Spencer Julian , Howlett-Prieto Quentin , Feng Xuan , Reder Anthony T.
Published: April 2023

Background

Anti-CD20 is a highly effective therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS), a disease with multiple abnormalities in function of B and T cells and innate immune cells. Anti-CD20 therapy depletes B cells, which alters antibody production and has diverse effects on B cell immunity. These changes potentially affect immunity beyond B cells in MS.

Objective

Determine if anti-CD20 therapy effects non-B cell, as well as B cell, gene expression, and serum protein levels.

Methods

Samples were collected from 10 healthy controls and from clinically stable relapsing–remitting MS – 10 untreated, 9 interferon-β-treated, and 15 ocrelizumab-treated patients were studied before, and 2  weeks and 6  months after, the first anti-CD20 infusion. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed with sensitive, 135,000-transcript RNA expression microarrays, using stringent criteria. Gene expression was compared to 43 MS-relevant serum immune and neurotrophic proteins, using multiplex protein assays.

Results

Anti-CD20 therapy reduced expression of 413 total genes and 185 B-cell-regulated genes at 2  weeks vs. pre-therapy. Expression of 19 (15%) of these B cell genes returned toward baseline by 6  months, including genes for the B cell activation protein, CD79A, and for immunoglobulin A, D, and G heavy chains. Expression pathways for Th17 and CD4 regulatory T-cell (Treg) development, differentiation, and proliferation also quieted. In contrast, expression increased in Th1 and myeloid cell antiviral, pro-inflammatory, and toll-like receptor (TLR) gene pathways.

Conclusion

These findings have clinical implications. B cell gene expression diminishes 2  weeks after anti-CD20 antibody infusion, but begins to rebound by 6  months. This suggests that the optimum time for vaccination is soon before reinfusion of anti-CD20 therapy. In addition, at 6  months, there is enhanced Th1 cell gene expression and induction of innate immune response genes and TLR expression, which can enhance anti-viral and anti-tumor immunity. This may compensate for diminished B cell gene expression after therapy. These data suggest that anti-CD20 therapy has dynamic effect on B cells and causes a compensatory rise in Th1 and myeloid immunity.
Malocclusion impairs cognitive behavior via AgRP signaling in adolescent mice
Authors: Kusumoto Junya , Ataka Koji , Iwai Haruki , Oga Yasuhiko , Yamagata Keita , Marutani Kanako , Ishikawa Takanori , Asakawa Akihiro , Miyawaki Shouichi
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Occlusal disharmony induced by deteriorating oral health conditions, such as tooth loss and decreased masticatory muscle due to sarcopenia, is one of the causes of cognitive impairment. Chewing is an essential oral function for maintaining cognitive function not only in the elderly but also in young people. Malocclusion is an occlusal disharmony that commonly occurs in children. The connection between a decline in cognitive function and malocclusion in children has been shown with chronic mouth breathing, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and thumb/digit sucking habits. However, the mechanism of malocclusion-induced cognitive decline is not fully understood. We recently reported an association between feeding-related neuropeptides and cognitive decline in adolescent mice with activity-based anorexia. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of malocclusion on cognitive behavior and clarify the connection between cognitive decline and hypothalamic feeding-related neuropeptides in adolescent mice with malocclusion.

Methods

Four-week-old mice were randomly assigned to the sham-operated solid diet-fed (Sham/solid), sham-operated powder diet-fed (Sham/powder), or malocclusion-operated powder diet-fed (Malocclusion/powder) group. We applied composite resin to the mandibular anterior teeth to simulate malocclusion. We evaluated cognitive behavior using a novel object recognition (NOR) test, measured hypothalamic feeding-related neuropeptide mRNA expression levels, and enumerated c-Fos-positive cells in the hypothalamus 1 month after surgery. We also evaluated the effects of central antibody administration on cognitive behavior impairment in the NOR test.

Results

The NOR indices were lower and the agouti-related peptide (AgRP) mRNA levels and number of c-Fos-positive cells were higher in the malocclusion/powder group than in the other groups. The c-Fos-positive cells were also AgRP-positive. We observed that the central administration of anti-AgRP antibody significantly increased the NOR indices.

Discussion

The present study suggests that elevated cerebral AgRP signaling contributes to malocclusion-induced cognitive decline in adolescents, and the suppression of AgRP signaling can be a new therapeutic target against cognitive decline in occlusal disharmony.
Adaptation memory in photoreceptors: different mechanisms in rods and cones
Authors: Nikolaeva Darya A. , Nekrasova Maria A. , Rotov Alexander Yu. , Astakhova Luba A.
Published: April 2023

Vertebrate rods and cones operate over a wide range of ambient illumination, which is provided by light adaptation mechanisms regulating the sensitivity and speed of the phototransduction cascade. Three calcium-sensitive feedback loops are well established in both rods and cones: acceleration of the quenching of a light-activated visual pigment and cGMP synthesis by guanylate cyclase, and increased affinity of ion channels for cGMP. Accumulating evidence suggests that the molecular mechanisms of light adaptation are more complex. While investigating these putative mechanisms, we discovered a novel phenomenon, observing that the recovery of light sensitivity in rods after turning off non-saturating adaptive light can take tens of seconds. Moreover, after a formal return of the membrane current to the dark level, cell sensitivity to the stimuli remains decreased for a further 1–2 min. We termed this phenomenon of prolonged photoreceptor desensitization ‘adaptation memory’ (of previous illumination) and the current study is focused on its detailed investigation in rods and an attempt to find the same phenomenon in cones. In rods, we have explored the dependencies of this phenomenon on adapting conditions, specifically, the intensity and duration of adapting illumination. Additionally, we report that fish and frog red-sensitive cones possess similar features of adaptation memory, such as a drop in sensitivity just after the steps of bright light and slow sensitivity recovery. However, we have found that the rate of this process and its nature are not the same as in rods. Our results indicate that the nature of the temporary drop in the sensitivity in rods and cones after adapting steps of light is different. In the rods, adaptation memory could be attributed to the existence of long-lasting modifications of the components of the phototransduction cascade after adapting illumination. In cones, the observed form of the adaptation memory seems to be due to the sensitivity drop caused by a decrease in the availability of the visual pigment, that is, by bleaching.
Are FGFR and IDH1-2 alterations a positive prognostic factor in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma? An unresolved issue
Authors: Brandi Giovanni , Deiana Chiara , Galvani Linda , Palloni Andrea , Ricci Angela Dalia , Rizzo Alessandro , Tavolari Simona
Published: April 2023

Despite representing some of the most common and investigated molecular changes in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), the prognostic role of FGFR and IDH1/2 alterations still remains an open question. In this review we provide a critical analysis of available literature data regarding this topic, underlining the strengths and pitfalls of each study reported. Despite the overall poor quality of current available studies, a general trend toward a better overall survival for FGFR2 rearrangements and, possibly, for FGFR2-3 alterations can be inferred. On the other hand, the positive prognostic role of IDH1/2 mutation seems much more uncertain. In this scenario, better designed clinical trials in these subsets of iCCA patients are needed in order to get definitive conclusions on this issue.
PARP inhibitors in metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Taylor Amy K. , Kosoff David , Emamekhoo Hamid , Lang Joshua M. , Kyriakopoulos Christos E.
Published: April 2023

Poly-ADP ribose polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are an emerging therapeutic option for the treatment of prostate cancer. Their primary mechanism of action is via induction of synthetic lethality in cells with underlying deficiencies in homologous recombination repair (HRR). In men with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and select HRR pathway alterations, PARPi treatment has been shown to induce objective tumor responses as well as improve progression free and overall survival. Presently, there are two PARPi, olaparib and rucaparib, that are FDA approved in the treatment of mCRPC. Ongoing research is focused on identifying which HRR alterations are best suited to predict response to PARPi so that these therapies can be most effectively utilized in the clinic. While resistance to PARPi remains a concern, combination therapies may represent a mechanism to overcome or delay resistance.
The efficacy and the safety of eltrombopag in pediatric patients with severe aplastic anemia: a systematic review
Authors: Marrapodi Maria Maddalena , Mascolo Annamaria , Roberti Domenico , Martino Martina Di , Rafaniello Concetta , Riccardi Consiglia , Rossi Francesca
Published: April 2023

Background

Acquired aplastic anemia (AAA) in pediatric patients is a rare disorder characterized by hypocellular bone marrow and pancytopenia. Eltrombopag, an oral thrombopoietin receptor agonist, provides a hematologic improvement in adults with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) refractory to immunosuppressive therapy (IST). The association of ELT and IST was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for adults and children ≥2 years of age as a first-line treatment for SAA. However, the effects of ELT on pediatric patients with SAA remain controversial and limited.

Methods and findings

We conducted a systematic review of the most recent literature from Pubmed, Web of Science, and Embase, published up to 20th December 2022, in order to evaluate the available evidence on the efficacy and safety of ELT added to IST for the treatment of SAA in the pediatric population.

Conclusion

Eltrombopag added to the IST has shown a good safety profile, without manifestations of excessive toxic effects, although not all the results obtained from our studies support the addition of ELT to the IST in the first-line treatment of children with SAA.

Systematic Review Registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42022325859.
Association between vitamin D level and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Yan-hong , Tian Dan-dan , Zhou Jian-ming , Ye Qing
Published: April 2023

Background

Previous studies have reported that the incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is related to vitamin D, but it is still unclear. This study intends to calculate the relationship between pediatric IBD and vitamin D.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search from inception to January 2023 was performed in the PubMed, EMBASE, Medline, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases. Relevant data were extracted as required and used for subsequent calculations.

Results

Sixteen papers were included, and there was no significant difference between the average vitamin D level in IBD patients and healthy controls. In addition, the overall pooled results showed that C-reactive protein (CRP) was 2.65 higher before vitamin D supplementation than after supplementation [SMD = 2.65, 95% CI = (2.26, 3.04)]. Moreover, patients with IBD in remission were 0.72 higher before vitamin D supplementation than after supplementation [OR = 0.72, 95% CI = (0.52, 1.00)].

Conclusion

This study suggested that there was no obvious relationship between pediatric IBD and vitamin D, while vitamin D supplementation can improve disease activity. Therefore, follow-up still needs many prospective studies to confirm the relationship between pediatric IBD and vitamin D.
Therapeutic hypothermia can cause non-infective C-reactive protein elevating
Authors: Wang Xiaohong , Shi Liping , Wang Chenhong , Ma Xiaolu
Published: April 2023

Objective

To analyze the relationship between therapeutic hypothermia (TH) and whole blood high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Method

Retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of hospitalized infants diagnosed with asphyxia in our neonatal intensive care unit from January 2014 to June 2021. According to whether TH was performed, they were divided into two groups, the control group (missed the time in other hospitals and did not receive TH) and the treatment group (TH group). In their first ten days, analysis was made on the hs-CRP, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil percentage, platelet count (PLT), and brain MRI. The correlation analysis was carried out based on the severity of brain injury displayed by the brain MRI and the time of hs-CRP elevation to summarize the relationship between TH and the time of hs-CRP elevation and the severity of HIE.

Results

83 infants were included, 28 in the control group and 55 in the TH group. After birth, 33 infants (60.0%) in the TH group and 2 patients (7.1%) in the control group had elevated hs-CRP, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The time window for CRP elevation after TH was 72–96 h after the end of treatment; The results of the brain MRI showed 23 in the TH group and 11in the control group with moderate and severe HIE. 21 infants (all in the TH group) had elevated hs-CRP. MRI showed that the number of infants with mild injury or regular infants whose hs-CRP raised in the TH group was 12, and the rate of hs-CRP elevation was 37.5%; in the control group, the rate was 11.8%. The difference was significant. TH can decrease PLT and WBC, but no significance in the two groups. Blood and sputum cultures were negative in all infants, and there were no signs of infection.

Conclusions

TH can increase the blood hs-CRP of HIE neonates, and the probability of its occurrence is related to the severity of HIE. The heavier the HIE, the higher the risk of hs-CRP elevation after TH; The hs-CRP elevation has little to do with infection, and it doesn't recommend using antibiotics actively.
Survivin inhibition with YM155 ameliorates experimental pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Blanco Isabel , Marquina Maribel , Tura-Ceide Olga , Ferrer Elisabet , Ramírez Ana M. , Lopez-Meseguer Manuel , Callejo Maria , Perez-Vizcaino Francisco , Peinado Victor Ivo , Barberà Joan Albert
Published: April 2023

Background: Imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis underlies the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Current vasodilator treatment of PAH does not target the uncontrolled proliferative process in pulmonary arteries. Proteins involved in the apoptosis pathway may play a role in PAH and their inhibition might represent a potential therapeutic target. Survivin is a member of the apoptosis inhibitor protein family involved in cell proliferation.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the potential role of survivin in the pathogenesis of PAH and the effects of its inhibition.

Methods: In SU5416/hypoxia-induced PAH mice we assessed the expression of survivin by immunohistochemistry, western-blot analysis, and RT-PCR; the expression of proliferation-related genes (Bcl2 and Mki67); and the effects of the survivin inhibitor YM155. In explanted lungs from patients with PAH we assessed the expression of survivin, BCL2 and MKI67.

Results: SU5416/hypoxia mice showed increased expression of survivin in pulmonary arteries and lung tissue extract, and upregulation of survivin, Bcl2 and Mki67 genes. Treatment with YM155 reduced right ventricle (RV) systolic pressure, RV thickness, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and the expression of survivin, Bcl2, and Mki67 to values similar to those in control animals. Lungs of patients with PAH also showed increased expression of survivin in pulmonary arteries and lung extract, and also that of BCL2 and MKI67 genes, compared with control lungs.

Conclusion: We conclude that survivin might be involved in the pathogenesis of PAH and that its inhibition with YM155 might represent a novel therapeutic approach that warrants further evaluation.
Molecular vasculogenic mimicry–Related signatures predict clinical outcomes and therapeutic responses in bladder cancer: Results from real-world cohorts
Authors: Zhang Chunyu , Xiao Jiatong , Yuan Tong , He Yunbo , Deng Dingshan , Xiao Zicheng , Chen Jinbo , Zu Xiongbing , Liu Peihua , Liu Zhi
Published: April 2023

Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a heterogeneous disease, and there are many classical molecular subtypes that reflect tumor immune microenvironment (TME) heterogeneity but their clinical utility is limited and correct individual treatment and prognosis cannot be predicted based on them. To find reliable and effective biomarkers and tools for predicting patients’ clinical responses to several therapies, we developed a new systemic indicator of molecular vasculogenic mimicry (VM)–related genes mediated by molecular subtypes based on the Xiangya cohort and additional external BLCA cohorts using a random forest algorithm. A correlation was then done between the VM_Score and classical molecular subtypes, clinical outcomes, immunophenotypes, and treatment options for BLCA. With the VM_Score, it is possible to predict classical molecular subtypes, immunophenotypes, prognosis, and therapeutic potential of BLCA with high accuracy. The VM_Scores of high levels indicate a more anticancer immune response but a worse prognosis due to a more basal and inflammatory phenotype. The VM_Score was also found associated with low sensitivity to antiangiogenic and targeted therapies targeting the FGFR3, β-catenin, and PPAR-γ pathways but with high sensitivity to cancer immunotherapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. A number of aspects of BLCA biology were reflected in the VM_Score, providing new insights into precision medicine. Additionally, the VM_Score may be used as an indicator of pan-cancer immunotherapy response and prognosis.
Therapeutic effects and mechanism of Atractylodis rhizoma in acute lung injury: Investigation based on an Integrated approach
Authors: Shi Kun , Wang Yan , Xiao Yangxin , Tu Jiyuan , Zhou Zhongshi , Cao Guosheng , Liu Yanju
Published: April 2023

Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by an excessive inflammatory response. Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. is a traditional chinese medicine with good anti-inflammatory activity that is commonly used clinically for the treatment of lung diseases in China; however, its mechanism of against ALI is unclear. We clarified the therapeutic effects of ethanol extract of Atractylodis rhizoma (EEAR) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI by evaluation of hematoxylin-eosin (HE) stained sections, the lung wet/dry (W/D) ratio, and levels of inflammatory factors as indicators. We then characterized the chemical composition of EEAR by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and screened the components and targets by network pharmacology to clarify the signaling pathways involved in the therapeutic effects of EEAR on ALI, and the results were validated by molecular docking simulation and Western blot (WB) analysis. Finally, we examined the metabolites in rat lung tissues by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that EEAR significantly reduced the W/D ratio, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in the lungs of ALI model rats. Nineteen components of EEAR were identified and shown to act synergetically by regulating shared pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathways. Ferulic acid, 4-methylumbelliferone, acetylatractylodinol, atractylenolide I, and atractylenolide III were predicted to bind well to PI3K, AKT and MAPK1, respectively, with binding energies < -5 kcal/mol, although only atractylenolide II bound with high affinity to MAPK1. EEAR significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, p38, and ERK1/2, thus reducing protein expression. EEAR significantly modulated the expression of metabolites such as D-Galactose, D-Glucose, serine and D-Mannose. These metabolites were mainly concentrated in the galactose and amino acid metabolism pathways. In conclusion, EEAR alleviates ALI by inhibiting activation of the PI3K-AKT and MAPK signaling pathways and regulating galactose metabolism, providing a new direction for the development of drugs to treat ALI.
High-efficiency 100-W Kerr-lens mode-locked Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator
Authors: Chen Hongshan , Yan Lisong , Liu Heyan , Hao Jingjie , Yang Tingting , Liu Hongyu , Zhang Jin , Li Quanming , Wang Hailin , Zhu Guangzhi , Zhu Xiao , Xuan Hongwen , Wang Qing , Zhang Jinwei
Published: April 2023

We demonstrate a Kerr-lens mode-locked femtosecond Yb:YAG thin-disk oscillator and investigate the approach to increase the optical-to-optical efficiency based on the scheme of direct multiple passes of the laser beam through the thin-disk medium. With twelve passes through the thin disk, 266-fs pulses were delivered from the oscillator with an average power of 105.6 W at a repetition rate of 20 MHz. The corresponding optical-to-optical efficiency is 31.1%, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest efficiency of any mode-locked thin-disk oscillator with pulse duration below 300 fs. This demonstration paves the way to even more efficient mode-locked femtosecond thin-disk oscillators, and provides an excellent laser source for the applications such as non-linear frequency conversion and high-precision industrial processing.
Response of wheat aphid to insecticides is influenced by the interaction between temperature amplitudes and insecticide characteristics
Authors: Xing Kun , Zhang Shu-Ming , Jia Mei-Qi , Zhao Fei
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Climate change not only directly affects the phenotype of organisms but also indirectly impacts their physiology, for example, by altering their susceptibility to insecticides. Changed diurnal temperature fluctuations are an important aspect of climate change; ignoring the impact of these fluctuations on the biological effects of various chemical insecticides can lead to inaccurate assessments of insecticide risk under the current and future climate change scenarios.

Methods: In this study, we studied effects of different temperature amplitudes (± 0, ± 6, ± 12°C) at the same mean temperature (22°C) on the life history traits of a globally distributed pest (Sitobion avenae, wheat aphid), in response to low doses of two insecticides. The first, imidacloprid shows a positive temperature coefficient; the second, beta-cypermethrin has a negative temperature coefficient.

Results: Compared with the results seen with the constant temperature (22°C), a wide temperature amplitude (± 12°C) amplified the negative effects of imidacloprid on the survival, longevity, and fecundity of S. avenae, but significantly increased the early fecundity of the wheat aphid. Beta-cypermethrin positively impacted the wheat aphid at all temperature amplitudes studied. Specifically, beta-cypermethrin significantly increased the survival, longevity, and fecundity of S. avenae under medium temperature amplitude (± 6°C). There were no significant differences in the survival, longevity, and the early fecundity of S. avenae when it was treated with beta-cypermethrin at the wide temperature amplitude (± 12°C). However, the negative effect of beta-cypermethrin on the intrinsic rate of increase of S. avenae decreased gradually with the increase in temperature amplitude.

Discussion: In conclusion, the response of S. avenae to positive temperature coefficient insecticides was markedly affected by temperature amplitude, while negative temperature coefficient insecticides increased the environmental adaptability of S. avenae to various temperature amplitudes. Our results highlight the importance of the integrated consideration of diurnal temperature fluctuations and different temperature coefficient insecticide interactions in climate-change-linked insecticide risk assessment; these results emphasize the need for a more fine-scale approach within the context of climate change and poison sensitivity.
Features of gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in patients with first-episode depression and their relationship with the clinical symptoms
Authors: Yu Shuhan , Wang Lan , Jing Xinyang , Wang Yujing , An Cuixia
Published: April 2023

Objective

To compare the differences in gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs; metabolites of gut microbiota) in the serum of patients with first-episode depression and the healthy population and to analyze the relationship between gut microbiota and metabolite SCFAs and the clinical symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD).

Methods

A total of 45 patients with first-episode depression and 22 healthy volunteers were chosen to complete relevant scale evaluations, and feces samples and venous blood samples were collected. The 16S RNA method was used to analyze the intestinal microflora and the characteristics of serum SCFAs detection by ELISA kit, as well as the intestinal flora, SCFAs content and their correlation with MDD clinical indicators.

Results

The abundance of Akkermansia, Megamonas, Prevotellaceae NK3B31 group, and butyrate-producing bacteria, Lachnospira, Subdoligranulum, Blautia, and Dialister, and acetate-producing bacteria, Streptococcus, in the gut microbiota of the MDD group was lower than that in the control (C) group. The abundance of Parasutterella in the MDD group was higher than that in the C group. Dialister negatively correlated with all measured clinical symptoms (r < 0, P < 0.05). The serum SCFA content in the MDD group was higher than that in the C group, and the content positively correlated with the Hamilton anxiety scale scores (r = 0.584, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

The results demonstrated that the MDD group differed from the C group in terms of gut microbiota and SCFAs in the serum and that the change in certain intestinal bacteria might participate in the pathogenic mechanism of MDD.
Using electroencephalography to analyse drivers’ different cognitive workload characteristics based on on-road experiment
Authors: Liu Ruiwei , Qi Shouming , Hao Siqi , Lian Guan , Luo Yeying
Published: April 2023

Driver’s cognitive workload has an important impact on driving safety. This paper carries out an on-road experiment to analyse the impact from three innovative aspects: significance analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) under different cognitive workloads, distribution of EEG maps with different frequency signals and influence of different cognitive workloads on driving safety based on EEG. First, the EEG signals are processed and four frequencies of delta, theta, alpha and beta are obtained. Then, the time–frequency transform and power spectral density calculation are carried out by short-time Fourier to study the correlation of each frequency signal of different workload states, as well as the distribution pattern of the EEG topographic map. Finally, the time and space energy and phase changes in each cognitive task event are studied through event-related spectral perturbation and inter-trial coherence. Results show the difference between left and right brains, as well as the resource occupancy trends of the monitor, perception, visual and auditory channels in different driving conditions. Results also demonstrate that the increase in cognitive workloads will directly affect driving safety. Changes in cognitive workload have different effects on brain signals, and this paper can provide a theoretical basis for improving driving safety under different cognitive workloads. Mastering the EEG characteristics of signals can provide more targeted supervision and safety warnings for the driver.
Visual adaptation reveals multichannel coding for numerosity
Authors: Aulet Lauren S. , Lourenco Stella F.
Published: April 2023

Visual numerosity is represented automatically and rapidly, but much remains unknown about the computations underlying this perceptual experience. For example, it is unclear whether numerosity is represented with an opponent channel or multichannel coding system. Within an opponent channel system, all numerical values are represented via the relative activity of two pools of neurons (i.e., one pool with a preference for small numerical values and one pool with a preference for large numerical values). However, within a multichannel coding system, all numerical values are represented directly, with separate pools of neurons for each (discriminable) numerical value. Using an adaptation paradigm, we assessed whether the visual perception of number is better characterized by an opponent channel or multichannel system. Critically, these systems make distinct predictions regarding the pattern of aftereffects exhibited when an observer is adapted to an intermediate numerical value. Opponent channel coding predicts no aftereffects because both pools of neurons adapt equally. By contrast, multichannel coding predicts repulsive aftereffects, wherein numerical values smaller than the adapter are underestimated and those larger than the adapter are overestimated. Consistent with multichannel coding, visual adaptation to an intermediate value (50 dots) yielded repulsive aftereffects, such that participants underestimated stimuli ranging from 10–50 dots, but overestimated stimuli ranging from 50–250 dots. These findings provide novel evidence that the visual perception of number is supported by a multichannel, not opponent channel, coding system, and raise important questions regarding the contributions of different cortical regions, such as the ventral and lateral intraparietal areas, to the representation of number.
Chinese version of Dominic Interactive – A self-report video game for assessing mental health in young children
Authors: Kovess-Masfety Viviane , Yan Guoli , Yin Huifang , Sun Ling , Hou Xiaofei , Li Minghui , Li Peiyao , Su Xuyang , Phillips Michael R. , Xu Guangming
Published: April 2023

Objectives

Assess the validity of the Chinese version of theDominic Interactive(DI), a 91-item, video-based diagnostic screening instrument for children that assesses four internalized disorders (phobias, separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and major depressive disorder) and three externalized disorders (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder).

Methods

(1) Compare DI-generated “probable” or “possible” diagnoses to diagnoses based on the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) instrument in 113 psychiatric outpatients and 20 community controls. (2) Administer DI to 1,479 children from elementary schools in Tianjin.

Results

In the validation sample, DI with DAWBA concordance was much greater for internalized disorders (mean Kappa = 0.56) than for externalized disorders (mean kappa = 0.11). The positive predictive value of DI diagnoses ranged from 0.96 (generalized anxiety disorder) to 25% (oppositional defiant disorder) and negative from 0.81 to 0.96. Using “probable” cuts provides better results. In the survey, prevalence of probable DI disorders ranged from 1.0% (conduct disorder) to 13.1% (phobias). Internal consistency of all DI items was excellent (Cronbach alpha = 0.93) and that of the seven subscales ranged from 0.64 (phobias) to 0.87 (major depressive disorder). In multilevel SEM analyses, SRMR (Standardized root mean square residual) or each of the seven diagnoses was below 0.08 and each coefficient of determination was below 0.60.

Conclusion

The Chinese DI is a convenient method of screening common mental disorders in Chinese children mainly for internalized disorders, which are the most prevalent diagnoses in that population. However its high negative predictive values for externalized could be used for screening.
Impairments in recognition of emotional facial expressions, affective prosody, and multisensory facilitation of response time in high-functioning autism
Authors: Hoffmann Jonatan , Travers-Podmaniczky Gabrielle , Pelzl Michael Alexander , Brück Carolin , Jacob Heike , Hölz Lea , Martinelli Anne , Wildgruber Dirk
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Deficits in emotional perception are common in autistic people, but it remains unclear to which extent these perceptual impairments are linked to specific sensory modalities, specific emotions or multisensory facilitation.

Methods

This study aimed to investigate uni- and bimodal perception of emotional cues as well as multisensory facilitation in autistic (n = 18, mean age: 36.72 years, SD: 11.36) compared to non-autistic (n = 18, mean age: 36.41 years, SD: 12.18) people using auditory, visual and audiovisual stimuli.

Results

Lower identification accuracy and longer response time were revealed in high-functioning autistic people. These differences were independent of modality and emotion and showed large effect sizes (Cohen’s d 0.8–1.2). Furthermore, multisensory facilitation of response time was observed in non-autistic people that was absent in autistic people, whereas no differences were found in multisensory facilitation of accuracy between the two groups.

Discussion

These findings suggest that processing of auditory and visual components of audiovisual stimuli is carried out more separately in autistic individuals (with equivalent temporal demands required for processing of the respective unimodal cues), but still with similar relative improvement in accuracy, whereas earlier integrative multimodal merging of stimulus properties seems to occur in non-autistic individuals.
The relationship of history of psychiatric and substance use disorders on risk of dementia among racial and ethnic groups in the United States
Authors: Aranda María P. , Liang Jiaming , Wang Xinhui , Schneider Lon S. , Chui Helena C.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Dementia is characterized by significant declines in cognitive, physical, social, and behavioral functioning, and includes multiple subtypes that differ in etiology. There is limited evidence of the influence of psychiatric and substance use history on the risk of dementia subtypes among older underrepresented racial/ethnic minorities in the United States. Our study explored the role of psychiatric and substance use history on the risk of etiology-specific dementias: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD), in the context of a racially and ethnically diverse sample based on national data.

Methods

We conducted secondary data analyses based on the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center Uniform Data Set (N = 17,592) which is comprised a large, racially, and ethnically diverse cohort of adult research participants in the network of US Alzheimer Disease Research Centers (ADRCs). From 2005 to 2019, participants were assessed for history of five psychiatric and substance use disorders (depression, traumatic brain injury, other psychiatric disorders, alcohol use, and other substance use). Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the influence of psychiatric and substance use history on the risk of AD and VaD subtypes, and the interactions between psychiatric and substance use history and race/ethnicity with adjustment for demographic and health-related factors.

Results

In addition to other substance use, having any one type of psychiatric and substance use history increased the risk of developing AD by 22–51% and VaD by 22–53%. The risk of other psychiatric disorders on AD and VaD risk varied by race/ethnicity. For non-Hispanic White people, history of other psychiatric disorders increased AD risk by 27%, and VaD risk by 116%. For African Americans, AD risk increased by 28% and VaD risk increased by 108% when other psychiatric disorder history was present.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that having psychiatric and substance use history increases the risk of developing AD and VaD in later life. Preventing the onset and recurrence of such disorders may prevent or delay the onset of AD and VaD dementia subtypes. Prevention efforts should pay particular attention to non-Hispanic White and African American older adults who have history of other psychiatric disorders.

Future research should address diagnostic shortcomings in the measurement of such disorders in ADRCs, especially with regard to diverse racial and ethnic groups.
Comprehensive analysis of the ionospheric response to the largest geomagnetic storms from solar cycle 24 over Europe
Authors: Berényi K. A. , Heilig B. , Urbář J. , Kouba D. , Kis Á. , Barta V.
Published: April 2023

A multi-instrumental analysis of the meridional ionospheric response is presented over Europe during the two largest ICME-driven geomagnetic storms of solar cycle #24 maximum. Data from 5 European digisonde stations, ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System, Total Electron Content (GNSS TEC), the ratio of the TEC difference (rTEC), as well as Swarm and Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere, Energetics and Dynamics (TIMED) satellite observations have been used for the investigation of selected intervals (11–17 November, 2012, and 16–25 March, 2015). The storm evolution is monitored by digisonde foF2 critical frequency (related to the maximum electron density of F2-layer) and GNSS TEC data. Moreover, Global Ultraviolet Imager (GUVI) measurements from the TIMED satellite are used to investigate the changes in the thermospheric O/N2 ratio. Our main focus was on the main phase of the geomagnetic storms, when during the nighttime hours extremely depleted plasma was detected. The extreme depletion is observed in foF2, TEC and rTEC, which is found to be directly connected to the equatorward motion of the midlatitude ionospheric trough (MIT) on the nightside. We demonstrate a method (beside the existing ones) which allows the monitoring of the storm-time evolution of the disturbances (e.g., MIT, SAPS, SED) in the thermosphere-ionosphere-plasmasphere system by the combined analysis of the worldwide digisonde system data (with the drift measurements and the ionospheric layer parameters with 5–15 min cadence), with rTEC and GNSS TEC data, and with the satellite data like Swarm, TIMED/GUVI.
The relationship between pitching parameters and release points of different pitch types in major league baseball players
Authors: Hashimoto Yasuhiro , Nagami Tomoyuki , Yoshitake Shinji , Nakata Hiroki
Published: April 2023

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to deepen our understanding of pitches and to obtain basic knowledge about pitches by comparing 4-seam and other pitches in Major League Baseball (MLB).

Methods

We analyzed big data for 1,820 professional baseball pitchers of MLB on release speed, spin rate, release point 3D coordinates (X, Y, and Z axes), amount of change for 4-seam, and seven changing ball types (sinker, slider, changeup, cutter, curve, split finger, and knuckle curve), using PITCHf/x and TrackMan. We also evaluated three relationships: (1) between the release points and the ball types of pitch; (2) between the amount of change in the ball and the release speed; and (3) between the release speed and the spin rate.

Results

The release speed was significantly slower in seven changing ball types than in the 4-seam (p < 0.01, respectively). The spin rate and the amount of change (ΔX and ΔZ) were significantly different between 4-seam and seven changing ball types (p < 0.01, respectively). Release point 3D coordinates (X, Y, and Z axes) were significantly different between 4-seam and slider, cutter, and curve (p < 0.01, respectively). Based on these findings, the eight pitch types were mainly divided into three groups: 4-seam, curve, and off-speed pitch types.

Conclusion

Seven changing ball types included specific characteristics for each parameter. The correspondence among the release speed, ΔX, and ΔZ at the 3D coordinates is an arch with 4-seam as the apex. Our results suggest an effective strategy for changing the release point and displacement of a ball's trajectory to improve the performance of baseball pitchers.