bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eyes on the Prize or Nose to the Grindstone? The Effects of Level of Goal Evaluation on Mood and Motivation
Authors: Houser-Marko Linda , Sheldon Kennon M.
Published: July 2008

These studies tested the hypothesis that evaluating goal feedback in terms of a primary, longer term goal can be risky for future motivation. Study 1 was a 2 × 2 experiment in which framing level (primary goal/subgoal) and feedback valence (success/failure) were manipulated for participants during a verbal skills task. In the primary goal failure condition, there was increased negative mood and decreased positive mood and expectancy for subsequent trials, even while controlling for goal difficulty and importance. Study 2 was an 8-week study throughout which participants were asked to evaluate their progress regarding a primary goal (class grade goal) or subgoal (weekly study hours goal), and success or failure varied naturally. When progress was lacking, participants in the primary goal condition experienced the largest decreases in mood and expectancy. These results suggest that it is optimal to evaluate goal progress at the lower, subgoal level, particularly after failure feedback.
Scholarly Influence in the Field of Management: A Bibliometric Analysis of the Determinants of University and Author Impact in the Management Literature in the Past Quarter Century
Authors: Podsakoff Philip M. , MacKenzie Scott B. , Podsakoff Nathan P. , Bachrach Daniel G.
Published: July 2008

The purpose of this study is to identify the universities and research scholars who have had the greatest impact on the field of management during the past quarter century and the factors that influence their impact. Using bibliometric techniques, the authors examined 30 management journals to identify the 100 most-cited universities and 150 most-cited authors from 1981 to 2004. The analysis included more than 1,600 universities and 25,000 management scholars across five individual time periods. The findings showed that (a) a relatively small proportion of universities and scholars accounted for the majority of the citations in the field; (b) total publications accounted for the majority of the variance in university citations; (c) university size, the number of PhDs awarded, research expenditures, and endowment assets had the biggest impact on university publications; and (d) total publications, years in the field, graduate school reputation, and editorial board memberships had the biggest effect on a scholar's citations.
Poverty and Gender Perspective in Productive Projects for Rural Women in Mexico
Authors: Urquieta-Salomón José E. , Tepichin-Valle Ana María , Téllez-Rojo Martha María
Published: July 2008

The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a pilot study that promoted productive and capacity-building activities among deprived rural women of Mexico. The evaluation design is observational; 1,278 women are interviewed, and the comparison group is estimated by propensity score matching. The results show a positive impact on the carrying out of agricultural activities, in the autonomy of women in decision making, as does their perception of their role in the household. However, the project does not decrease the number of hours set aside for household chores or improve the women's technical and administrative skills.
Evaluating Retailer Behavior in Preventing Youth Access to Harmful Legal Products A Feasibility Test
Authors: Courser Matthew W. , Holder Harold D. , Collins David , Johnson Knowlton , Ogilvie Kristen A.
Published: July 2008

This article reports results from a feasibility study of a community effort to reduce the availability of legal products that youth can use to get high. The study evaluated the potential of youth purchase attempts to detect actual changes in retail availability of harmful legal products. These results were triangulated with self-reports from retailers about their own policies and practices. Before the intervention, less than half of retailers reported using any of six possible strategies identified as ways to reduce youth access to harmful products, and less than 8% of baseline youth attempts to purchase potentially harmful legal products were refused or questioned. After the low-dosage intervention, retailers reported increased use of three strategies and a statistically significant increase in the percentage of purchase attempts that were either questioned or refused by retail clerks. These findings (a) demonstrate the potential feasibility of retailer-focused environmental strategies and (b) support continued use of youth purchase attempts as a measure of actual retailer behavior.
A Profile of Colorado Nurse—Midwives
Authors: Hastings-Tolsma Marie , Tasaka Yuki , Burton Abby , Goodman Steffie , Emeis Cathy L. , Patterson Elisa , Bennett Penelope , Koschoreck Kate , Ruyak Sharon , Tanner Tanya , Vaughn Tricia , Williams Anne
Published: July 2008

Nurse—midwives provide significant health care to underserved and vulnerable women, yet there is limited information about the nature of nurse—midwifery practices and compensation for services. This study reports the results of a Colorado statewide survey of nurse—midwives ( N = 217). Electronic survey was utilized to detail practice in seven areas: demographics, type of practice, compensation, leadership, legislativep riorities,teaching involvement, and practice satisfaction. Responses( N = 114) were analyzed using SPSS 13.0. Results found wide variation in compensation and practice types. Respondents largely worked in urban settings, cared for low to moderate risk patients, and were generally older and White. Restriction from medical staffm membership, prescriptive authority constraints, and liability issues were practice limitations. While teaching a wide variety of learners, nurse—midwives do limited mentoring of nurse—midwifery students, a finding which is concerning given the decreasing numbers of nurse—midwives. Findings are compared to known national data, with implications for the provision of health care services detailed.
A Meta-Analysis of Fear of Falling Treatment Programs for the Elderly
Authors: Dukyoo Jung  , Juhee Lee  , Lee Sun-Mi
Published: July 2008

This study examines the effectiveness of interventions for decreasing the fear of falling by synthesizing the results of individual studies of fear of falling prevention. The mean weighted effect sizes (MWES) of six studies are computed. The overall MWES is .21 ( N = 957; 95% CI .068—.362). Results indicate that interventions are effective in reducing the fear of falling or increasing fall efficacy. The MWES is .249, .024, and .418 for the combined intervention, exercise intervention only, and hip protector groups, respectively. The MWES of the 3 months or less group was .000, and the 4-months group was .240. The MWES is .022, .228, and .418 for the facility-based, community-based, and home-based intervention groups, respectively. Overall, interventions were effective in decreasing fear of falling and increasing fall efficacy. Results suggest that the best outcome is obtained after 4 months, indicating that interventions need some time to obtain their effects.
Effect of a Longer Versus Shorter Test-Release Interval on Recidivism Prediction With the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS)
Authors: Walters Glenn D.
Published: July 2008

The General Criminal Thinking (GCT) score of the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) was correlated with recidivism data obtained on 284 released male federal prisoners. The sample was divided into those inmates who had been released within 24 months of having completed the PICTS (shorter test-release interval; n = 138) and those inmates who had been released more than 24 months after having completed the PICTS (longer test-release interval; n = 146), and recidivism was measured by subsequent arrests and convictions accrued during a 6- to 78-month follow-up. Although the GCT score successfully predicted release outcome in the shorter test-release interval group, it failed to predict release outcome in the longer test-release interval group. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
Effects of Stereotypes and Suggestion on Memory
Authors: Shechory Mally , Nachson Israel , Glicksohn Joseph
Published: July 2008

In this study, the interactive effect of stereotype and suggestion on accuracy of memory was examined by presenting 645 participants (native Israelis and immigrants from the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia) with three versions of a story about a worker who is waiting in a manager’s office for a meeting. All versions were identical except for the worker’s name, which implied a Russian or an Ethiopian immigrant or a person of no ethnic origin. Each participant was presented with one version of the story. After an hour delay, the participants’ memories were tested via two questionnaires that differed in terms of level of suggestion. Data analyses show that (a) when a suggestion matched the participant’s stereotypical perception, the suggestion was incorporated into memory but (b) when the suggestion contradicted the stereotype, it did not influence memory. The conclusion was that recall is influenced by stereotypes but can be enhanced by compatible suggestions.
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Insertions on the Tibia and Femur and Their Relationships to Critical Bony Landmarks Using High-Resolution Volume-Rendering Computed Tomography
Authors: Purnell Mark L , Larson Andrew I. , Clancy William
Published: July 2008

Background

Controversy exists regarding the locations of the anterior cruciate ligament insertions on the femur and tibia and visualization of these insertions during surgical reconstruction.

Hypothesis

Anatomical insertions of the anterior cruciate ligament have relationships to bony landmarks of the tibia and femur.

Study Design

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods

Eight cadaveric knees were scanned by computed tomography, reconstructed 3-dimensionally, and examined from simulated arthroscopic, sagittal, and axial perspectives. Volume-rendering software was used to document the relationship of the anterior cruciate ligament to the bony anatomy.

Results

A bony ridge (Resident's Ridge) at the anterior border of the anterior cruciate ligament was readily noted on the medial wall of the lateral femoral condyle. Superiorly, anterior cruciate ligament fibers inserted up to the roof of the notch and to 3 to 3.5 mm of the articular surface posteriorly and interiorly. The anterior cruciate ligament inserted into a fovea anterior to the tibial eminence. Posteriorly, anterior cruciate ligament fibers inserted up to a ridge between the medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles. Medially, anterior cruciate ligament fibers inserted onto the ridge at the lateral border of the medial tibial condyle. There was no distinct anterior or lateral bony border with anterior cruciate ligament fibers blending into the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus.

Conclusion

The anterior border of the femoral anterior cruciate ligament origin is Resident's Ridge. The ridge between the medial and lateral intercondylar tubercles at the base of the tibial eminence is the posterior margin of the anterior cruciate ligament on the tibia.

Clinical Relevance

Bony landmarks can be used to aid in anatomical anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Friction and Wear Properties of Novel HDPE—HAp—Al2O3 Biocomposites against Alumina Counterface
Authors: Bodhak Subhadip , Nath Shekhar , Basu Bikramjit
Published: July 2008

In an effort to enhance physical properties of biopolymers (high-density polyethylene, HDPE) in terms of elastic modulus and hardness, various ceramic fillers, like alumina (Al2O3) and hydroxyapatite (HAp) are added, and therefore it is essential to assess the friction and wear resistance properties of HDPE biocomposites. In this perspective, HDPE composites with varying ceramic filler content (upto 40vol%) were fabricated under the optimal compression molding conditions and their friction and wear properties were evaluated against Al2O3 at fretting contacts. All the experiments were conducted at a load of 10 N for duration of 100,000 cycles in both dry as well as simulated body fluid (SBF). Such planned set of experiments has been designed to address three important issues: (a) whether the improvement in physical properties (hardness, E-modulus) will lead to corresponding improvement in friction and wear properties; (b) whether the fretting in SBF will provide sufficient lubrication in order to considerably enhance the tribological properties, as compared to that in ambient conditions; and (c) whether the generation of wear debris particles be reduced for various compositionally modified polymer composites, in comparison to unreinforced HDPE. The experimental results indicate the possibility of achieving extremely low coefficient of friction (COF~0.047) as well as higher wear resistance (wear rate in the order of ~10-7mm3N-1m -1) with the newly developed composites in SBF. A low wear depth of 3.5—4 μm is recorded, irrespective of fretting environment. Much effort has been put forward to correlate the friction and wear mechanisms with abrasion, adhesion, and wear debris formation.
Strategic Responses by Canadian and U.S. Exporters to Increased U.S. Border Security Measures
Authors: Vance Anneliese
Published: July 2008

After September 11, 2001, the U.S. and Canadian federal governments increased restrictions on materials and people crossing the border. Antiterrorism regulations have introduced costly compliance requirements, clearance delays, and unpredictable border wait times for companies conducting business across the international border. A recent study suggests that many Canadian and U.S.-based exporters intend to counteract these costs by implementing strategies including geographic supply chain reconfiguration. Strategic adjustments of this nature could have profound effects on the geography of North American supply chains, the structure and volume of bilateral trade, and the management of just-in-time delivery systems. This project follows up on the previous study via personal interviews with 35 businesses that had indicated an interest in geographic strategies. Preliminary findings suggest that firms are quickly adjusting to new security requirements and are improving communication channels throughout their cross-border supply chains to stay abreast of new developments.
Institutional Field Dynamics and the Competition Between Institutional Logics
Authors: Green Sandy Edward , Babb Marin , Alpaslan C. Murat
Published: July 2008

The authors examine how competing institutional logics shape institutional fields. Specifically, they conceptualize control of the modern corporation as an evolving institutional field. They connect changes in the institutional field to the rhetoric and corresponding logics put forth by various corporate stake-holders vying for control of the firm. Changes in the corporate institutional field are represented as the diffusion of takeovers and takeover defenses. Corporate control rhetoric is traced in interviews with corporate board members. The authors argue that the rhetoric of corporate control shapes and establishes dominant stakeholder groups in the institutional field. They conclude with a brief discussion of their analysis and a call for further research.
Considerations to Implement Holistic Groups With the Elderly
Authors: Puskar Kathryn R. , Brar Laurie , Stark Kirsti Hetager
Published: July 2008

The group modality is a viable holistic treatment consideration for the elderly, given the steady increase in the elderly population, the presence of various psychiatric and/or medical conditions in this cohort, and cost concerns. The holistic nurse and group leader share similar role definitions of being a facilitator in the healing process. They embrace the concept that the person and group are greater than the sum of the parts. Using a group modality can increase the number of people served by one nurse, thereby making it cost-effective. Incorporating the holistic mind–body–spirit approach addresses the Healthy People 2010 goal of increasing the quality of life. Tips on conducting groups with the elderly are reviewed, including types of groups, setting, goals, composition, duration, and frequency. Theme-centered groups are discussed from a holistic perspective. Yalom's 11 therapeutic factors that account for group functions are explained, along with other group concepts that reflect holistic nursing concepts.
Using Lessons From Public Affairs to Inform Strategic Philanthropy
Authors: Sandfort Jodi
Published: July 2008

Although private, institutional philanthropy can be an engine of significant social change, often this possibility is not realized. This article creates a new framework to inform philanthropic strategy built from lessons gleaned from decades of public affairs research. Drawing on what is known about social change movements, government relationships with nonprofits, and nonprofit management, key questions help foundation staff develop and hone their strategy. A flexible framework for private investment in human services fields is developed and implications for practice and future research are considered.
Escape from the dark forest: the experimentalist standpoint of Sante De Sanctis' psychology of dreams
Authors: Pietro Lombardo Giovanni , Foschi Renato
Published: July 2008

Sante De Sanctis (1862—1935), a pioneer of psychology in Rome at the end of the 19th century, applied methods from the expanding field of experimental psychology to the study of dreams, which was considered one of the leading ways to gain an understanding of normal and pathological psychic life. Taking inspiration from several traditions, De Sanctis proposed a study that anticipated a scientific program that also differentiated between contemporary psychoanalytical interpretations according to which previous dream psychology was considered a 'dark forest'. On the contrary, the multi-faceted methodology that he adopted for the study of an, until then, marginal phenomenon of the 'new' psychology, represented an element of originality that also included the elaboration of a psycho-physiological theory of dreams. Although the Italian psychologist's work on dreams was characterized by these important methodological changes, it disappeared from the references of those who contributed to the foundation of modern dreaming psychology after the Second World War. The present article places De Sanctis' psychology of dreams in its scientific context and singles out its originality while also analyzing the reasons for its marginalization.
Where do the limits of experience lie? Abandoning the dualism of objectivity and subjectivity
Authors: Greiffenhagen Christian , Sharrock Wes
Published: July 2008

The relationship between 'subjective' and 'objective' features of social reality (and between 'subjectivist' and 'objectivist' sociological approaches) remains problematic within social thought. Phenomenology is often taken as a paradigmatic example of subjectivist sociology, since it supposedly places exclusive emphasis on actors' 'subjective' interpretations, thereby neglecting 'objective' social structures.

In this article, we question whether phenomenology is usefully understood as falling on either side of the standard divides, arguing that phenomenology's conception of 'subjective' experience of social reality includes many features taken to be 'objective' elements of it. We illustrate our argument by a critical examination of Jean Lave's attempt to differentiate social practice theory from phenomenology. We show that many theoretical positions that want to overcome the subjective—objective dualism retain an objectivist conception of the 'subjective' features of social reality.
Changing Academic Mobility Patterns and International Migration
Authors: Hoffman David M.
Published: July 2008

Several scholars have underlined connections between academic mobility and international migration. This qualitative study explores a spectrum of academic mobility articulated by Teichler that empirically contributes to consideration of these connections. This analysis of e-mail excerpts from 20 migrant academics, living in seven countries, illuminates six distinct patterns of academic mobility and highlights key differences between regions of the world. Narrowly conceiving academic mobility in terms of traditional short-term internationalization finds many universities focused on and staffed for academic mobility between countries. Other regions have long been focused on academic mobility that occurs within countries. These patterns are a result of long-term migration. At the conceptual and practical levels, this study distinguishes between the timescales and contexts of academic mobility and the theoretical justification for doing this. The resulting analysis invites a reconsideration of assumptions about academic mobility dynamics and their implications.
Aspergillosis Prophylaxis and Treatment for Pediatric HSCT Patients: Environmental and Pharmacologic Options
Authors: Doyle Samatra C.
Published: July 2008

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients are at increased risk of viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic infections both pretransplant and post-transplant. One of the most dangerous infections that can be acquired during this time is aspergillosis. Several drugs are available for prophylaxis, though no particular regimen has been proven to be superior; although the CDC has clear recommendations regarding prophylaxis for many other infections (such as cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex, toxoplasmosis, and Candida ) for HSCT patients, there are none for aspergillosis. Researchers have varying opinions as to which drugs are best for prophylaxis. In this article, pharmacologic and environmental options for prophylaxis are discussed as well as antifungals currently in use, and recommendations on how nurses can help keep their patients safe from this infection are given.
Social Capital or Economic Rents? An Experimental Study
Authors: Crudeli Luca , Macinelli Susanna , Ponti Giovanni
Published: July 2008

This paper presents the first experimental test of a new view on Social Capital. By contrast with the usual interpretations as a term describing trust, social norms, networks and/or social preferences, we define Social Capital as agents' willingness to share economic rents. To investigate on the influence of economic rents on cooperative behavior, we set up and test experimentally a simple theoretical model in which agents, facing different sets of economic opportunities (`projects'), have to decide whether to take one or more of them. The decision to take only one project implies `cooperation', as it leaves enough for the others; opting for more than one project implies `defection', as others are left with fewer opportunities to earn. The various experimental treatments differ in the size of rents (that is, the difference in economic value between one's first and second-best opportunities) available in the economy. For both extremes of rent sizes (the very small and the very large ones), we observe behavior close to our theoretical conjecture (full defection in the case of small-size rents, full cooperation in the case of large-size rents). For intermediate rent-size, however, our evidence reveals higher cooperation levels than predicted. We also discuss our results against the background of the ongoing debate on the measurability of Social Capital.
The Conceptions of Care Among Family Caregivers of Persons Living With HIV/AIDS in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Aga Fekadu , Kylmä Jari , Nikkonen Merja
Published: July 2008

This focused ethnographic study explores and describes the conceptions of care among family caregivers of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWAs) in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Leininger's theory of culture care diversity and universality is the conceptual anchor of this ethnographic study. Using semistructured interviews and participant observation, 6 key informants and 12 general informants were interviewed in their home in Amharic language. Data were analyzed in Amharic using Leininger's phases of ethnonursing analysis for qualitative data and then translated to English. Four major themes representing family caregivers' conceptions of care were identified: nourishing the PLWA while struggling with poverty, maintenance of cleanliness and hygiene of the person and surroundings, comforting the PLWA, and sacrificing self to sustain the PLWA. Valuable data were gathered about the family caregivers' conceptions of care. Nurses can use this knowledge to design and provide culturally congruent care to family caregivers and PLWAs in the community.
Exploring the HIV/AIDS-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors of University Students in Botswana
Authors: Brown Marie S. , Sebego Miriam , Mogobe Keitshokile , Ntsayagae Esther , Sabone Motshedises , Seboni Naomi
Published: July 2008

Purpose: Because of the serious threat of HIV/AIDS to students at a university in Botswana, faculty instituted two interventions to change students' HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitudes, and behavior: (a) an HIV/AIDS course and (b) the Health and Wellness Centre. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the success of these interventions. Method: A four-group comparison design was created for this study as a method for the qualitative formative evaluation. Data collection was done using the rapid assessment method, in which team interviews of 105 students at the university were conducted. The teams used descriptive, interpretive, and explanatory codes to create themes, which were compared to findings in the literature. Results: Although students indicated significant learning and attitude changes, no major changes in sexually risky behavior were reported. Discussion: Substantive, methodological, and theoretical implications are discussed.
Review and Comparison of Hysteresis Models for Magnetostrictive Materials
Authors: Valadkhan Sina , Morris Kirsten , Khajepour Amir
Published: July 2008

The modeling of magnetization in magnetostrictive materials is studied in this article. Magnetostrictive materials elongate in the presence of a magnetic field, and can be useful as actuators. These materials are highly nonlinear, and hence, difficult to control. Accurate models are important to the development of stabilizing controllers with good performance. Here, Terfenol-D, a commonly used magnetostrictive material, is studied. A setup is designed to measure magnetic flux density and stress applied to a Terfenol-D sample. Displacement, electrical current sent to a magnet generating the requested magnetic field, and temperature at different locations are measured. Using experimental data, the Preisach, homogenized energy, and Jiles—Atherton models are evaluated. For each model, the parameters are identified for Terfenol-D. The ease of use and accuracy of these models in the prediction of Terfenol-D behavior are compared.
Orientations to Video Games Among Gender and Age Groups
Authors: Greenberg Bradley S. , Sherry John , Lachlan Kenneth , Lucas Kristen , Holmstrom Amanda
Published: July 2008

Questionnaires were completed by 5th-, 8th-, and 11th-grade public schools students in rural and suburban school districts and by undergraduates at two universities in the United States ( n = 1,242). They were asked about their orientation to video games—the amount of time they played, their motives for doing so, and the game types they preferred—to better understand the context in which effects research might be organized. The conceptual schema for this research was the uses-and-gratifications perspective. The males in the sample played video games at twice the weekly average of the females, were consistently stronger in all measured motives than the females, and preferred physically oriented video games over the females’ preference for more traditional, thoughtful games. Younger players opted for the fantasy motive in their playing and older players more so for competition. Preference for physical games declined among the older males, and generally motives were stronger in the middle years of playing for both males and females than in the youngest and oldest age groups. Regression analyses explained considerably more variance in game playing for males than for females.
Simulation in Sport Finance
Authors: Drayer Joris , Rascher Dan
Published: July 2008

Simulations have long been used in business schools to give students experience making real-world decisions in a relatively low risk environment. The OAKLAND A’S BASEBALL BUSINESS SIMULATOR takes a traditional business simulation and applies it to the sport industry, in which sales of tangible products are replaced by sales of experiences provided to fans. The simulator asks students to make decisions about prices for concessions, parking, and merchandise; player payroll expenses; funding for a new stadium; and more. On the basis of these inputs, the program provides detailed information about the state of the franchise after each simulated year, including attendance, winning percentage, revenues versus expenses, revenue sharing, and stadium financing. The use of simulations such as this one enhances students’ organizational skills and students’ ability to think critically and imaginatively about the data while applying relevant knowledge and an appropriate strategy to achieve the best possible results. This is particularly important in the field of sport management, in which few, if any, other simulators exist that are specific to the field.
Social Work Education in Wonderland: Stoesz and Karger Reply
Authors: Stoesz David , Karger Howard J.
Published: July 2008

The authors respond to the invited commentary addressing their paper “Reinventing Social Work Accreditation” published earlier in this issue. Many of the comments provided were sensible and sober appraisals of the critical state of social work education and of the profession, largely congruent with the authors' analysis. They judge the response from the Council on Social Work Education to be more dismissive, and representative of the attitudes and practices that are harming the profession.
Gauging Visibility: How Female Clerical Workers Manage Work-Related Distress
Authors: Long Bonita C. , Hall Wendy A. , Bermbach Nicole , Jordan Sharalyn , Patterson Kathryn
Published: July 2008

Our aim was to explain how female clerical workers manage work-related distress, using a feminist grounded theory method. Thirty-seven interviews were conducted with 24 female clerical workers. They engage in the process of gauging visibility to manage a recognition-vulnerability paradox. To gauge visibility, they take the lay of the land by attending to threats, resources, and supports within withering or flourishing work conditions. When distressing events occur, they select tactics of taking it in, taking it on, or letting it go, which are influenced by the quality of their work conditions. Their efforts to manage distress affect their workplace visibility, potentially enhancing their recognition or exacerbating their vulnerability. Gauging visibility can either diminish or enhance employees' health and well-being. Our findings emphasize social processes and structural conditions, shift attention to organization-wide efforts to alter workplace conditions, and suggest initiatives that enhance employees' opportunities for recognition, safety, and collective actions.
Religious Identification and Legislative Voting
Authors: Cann Damon M.
Published: July 2008

While religion has profound effects on political behavior in mass publics, less is known about the effect of religion on political elites. This article considers the extent to which religious identification influences the roll-call voting behavior of Mormon members of the U.S. House of Representatives. While some aspects of Mormonism make it seem like a likely case for religious influence, the literature on legislative decision making provides no theoretical rationale for religious influence on legislative roll-call voting. A simple empirical test finds that Mormon representatives are no more unified in their voting behavior than are randomly selected sets of legislators.
Political and Social Foundations for Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Whitford Andrew B. , Wong Karen
Published: July 2008

This article quantitatively investigates several possible foundations for environmental sustainability, as measured across countries with varying geography, development patterns, social customs, and political arrangements. Two central hypotheses about the roles of democracy and federalism, as well as other hypotheses about economic development, religion, and demographics, are tested. The study provides moderate evidence that sustainability levels depend on democratization, but little evidence that it depends on the presence of federalism. In addition, it is found that the effects of environmental interests, development paths, and religious orientations vary across different measures of sustainability.
Telenursing Intervention Increases Psychiatric Medication Adherence in Schizophrenia Outpatients
Authors: Beebe Lora Humphrey , Smith Kathlene , Crye Carol , Addonizio Caryn , Strunk D. J. , Martin Whitney , Poche Josh
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: Promoting medication adherence is a critical issue in optimizing both physical and mental health in persons with schizophrenia. Average antipsychotic medication adherence is only 50%; few studies have examined nonpsychiatric medication adherence. Psychosocial interventions with components of problem solving and motivation have shown promise in improving adherence behaviors. OBJECTIVES: This study examines telephone intervention problem solving (TIPS) for outpatients with schizophrenia. TIPS is a weekly, provider-initiated, proactive telenursing intervention designed to help persons with schizophrenia respond to a variety of problems, including adherence problems. STUDY DESIGN : The authors completed objective measures of adherence to psychiatric and nonpsychiatric medications in 29 community-dwelling persons with schizophrenia, monthly for 3 months. STUDY RESULTS : Persons receiving TIPS had significantly higher objective adherence to psychiatric medications throughout the study period, F (1, 20) = 5.47, p = .0298. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should consider using TIPS as an adjunct to face-to-face appointments to support adherence in persons at risk. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 2008; 14(3), 217–224. DOI: 10.1177/1078390308318750
Factors Contributing to Depression in Latinas of Mexican Origin Residing in the United States: Implications for Nurses
Authors: Shattell Mona M. , Smith Katherine M. , Quinlan-Colwell Ann , Villalba José A.
Published: July 2008

BACKGROUND: Latinas experience more depression and are less likely to receive mental health support than White women or African American women. OBJECTIVE: This article synthesizes the research on depression in adult Latinas of Mexican origin residing in the United States. STUDY DESIGN: MEDLINE (PubMed), The Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and PsycINFO databases for the years 2000 through 2008 were searched using the keywords Latina, Latino, Hispanic, Mexican American, Mexican immigrant, women, and depression. RESULTS: The process of acculturation and associated stressors may have a negative effect on the mental health of women of Mexican origin residing in the United States. Separation from family, harmful interpersonal relationships, unmet economic needs, conflict, and isolation may contribute to depression in this population. CONCLUSIONS: More research is needed on the influence of family and economic strain as well as the effectiveness of assessments and interventions for depression in Mexican and Mexican American women, especially for those living in emerging Latina/o immigrant communities. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 2008; 14(3), 193–204. DOI: 10.1177/1078390308319034
Evidence-Based Practice in Psychiatric Care: Defining Levels of Evidence
Authors: Rice Michael J.
Published: July 2008

Identification and application of the current research evidence to a clinical problem is a goal reflected in professional codes and institutional mission statements. The use of expert opinions and traditions is no longer clinically or legally defensible in an era of using emerging evidence. Application of current research evidence is the emerging standard of care for all health care personnel, including psychiatric mental health care. The emergence of evidence-based practice as the new standard of care obliges all health care providers to use the latest research evidence. The need to make an intervention based on the highest level of evidence mandates that clinicians understand levels of research evidence and how the different classification systems of evidence compare. In this article, the levels of research evidence are reviewed to provide a framework for determining the best evidence to use as a basis for clinical interventions. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc, 2008; 14(3), 181–187. DOI: 10.1177/1078390308321220
The Effects of Telehomecare on Quality and Agency Revenue
Authors: Atteberry Greg
Published: July 2008

This article reviews the literature that examines the effects of telehomecare on the quality of patient care. This type of research is important, as home care reimbursement transitions to a pay-for-performance model in which quality indicators determine revenue. Research supports the positive effects of telehomecare technology on the quality of patient care; however, no articles discuss the subsequent effect this increased quality of patient care may have on home care agencies' revenue in a pay-for-performance model. Previous research on whether a home care agency should invest in telehomecare technology has focused on the cost-savings an agency can realize by decreasing costs through the substitution of more expensive traditional home visits with telehomecare virtual visits. Research is needed on the effect telehomecare has on enhancing reimbursement so that home care agencies can add this factor to any investment cost analysis in estimating telehomecare's revenue-producing potential.
Individual Change Schemas, Core Discussion Network, and Participation in Change: an Exploratory Study of Macau Casino Employees
Authors: Liu Wei-ping , Lui Steven S. , Man Derek C.
Published: July 2008

Individuals'participation in organizational change is crucial to the success of a change initiative. We propose that such participation is based on three aspects of individual change schemas: change salience, change valence, and change inference. We further propose that the core discussion network of individuals may moderate the relationships between their change schemas and their participation in change. Using a sample of employees from a major casino operation in Macau, which suddenly faced intense competition after enjoying a 40-year monopoly, this study empirically examines how individuals' change schemas, participation in change, and core discussion network are related. The results support most of the hypotheses. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Relationships Among Image Congruence, Consumption Emotions, and Customer Loyalty in the Lodging Industry
Authors: Han Heesup , Back Ki-Joon
Published: July 2008

The authors investigated the relationship between image congruence and consumption emotions and the possible influence of this relationship on customer loyalty in the lodging industry. Overall fit of the proposed model and research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. The results showed that their model, which links image congruence, consumption emotions, and customer loyalty, was generally supported, whereas the linkage between social image congruence and consumption emotions was not significant. Findings in this study integrate recent work of image congruence into the growing body of research on the role of consumption emotions in forming customer loyalty in the lodging industry.
A Life Worth Living
Authors: Bar-Lev Shirly , Tillinger Efrat
Published: July 2008

The complex relationships between linguistic expression, body, self, and emotions assume a central role in shaping the illness narratives of Israeli and American homosexual men who suffer from AIDS. Drawing on recent sociological work on the “dilemmatic” features of illness as a moral performance, the authors study forty “inspiration stories” published by Israeli and American virtual support centers to elucidate how notions of homosexual manhood take shape, as participants narrate their experience with a highly stigmatized disease. They show how narrators mobilized hegemonic imagery in ways that intentionally broke with their origin and created new contexts of speech. While Israeli narrators stressed the importance of fraternal friendship as a fundamental characteristic of their masculine identity, American narrators emphasized individual accomplishments. Hence, this study sheds light on the mutual effect of nationalistic and gendered ethos on the performance of personal life practices.
Processes of Sexual Orientation Questioning among Heterosexual Men
Authors: Morgan Elizabeth M. , Steiner Matthew G. , Morgan Thompson Elisabeth
Published: July 2008

Male heterosexual identity development has received little empirical attention. The current study examines sexual orientation questioning processes of heterosexual-identified men and offers a comparison of these processes with those employed by their sexual-minority counterparts. Participants included 184 male college students (ages 18 to 23, M = 19.6), 149 primarily identified as “exclusively straight or heterosexual” and 35 as sexual minorities. Of exclusively straight respondents, 53 percent ( n = 79) and all of the sexual-minority respondents indicated having questioned their sexual orientation. Heterosexual men’s questioning processes included five categories: unelaborated questioning, other-sex exploration, the social context as informants or sites of knowledge, hypothetical thinking and perspective taking, and attraction comparisons between men and women. Several unifying and differentiating themes emerged between sexual orientation groups. Results suggest that conventional notions of a “standardized” heterosexual identity appear simplistic and reveal ways in which men’s identification with a majority heterosexual sexual identity can be purposeful.
The Experience of Embodied Space in Virtual Worlds
Authors: Bardzell Shaowen , Odom William
Published: July 2008

The article examines the mutually constituted relations among avatars, space, and artifacts represented in a Gorean community in Second Life. Combining virtual ethnography (i.e., participant observations and in-depth interviews) with the growingly important concept of experience design in human—computer interaction, the authors explore and unpack the spatial experiences of participants in the community and, with them, the grammar and symbolism of power and submission, of private and public, and consider body as a place for social inscription. The spatial experiences of these participants shed light on the nature of this community (both social and computer-mediated interactions) and help explain why virtual simulation of Gorean fantasy is such a compelling form of play and source of intimacy and emotion for thousands of Second Life residents.
Spatial Regimes of the Digital Playground
Authors: Lammes Sybille
Published: July 2008

In this article, the author investigates how computer games can be understood as sociospatial practices. Although spatiality has always been considered a central quality of any digital game, cultural and social functions of space have not been much theorized in relation to games. This article furthers a discussion on how they can be understood as spatial practices by proposing a first approach that makes an analysis of games as sociospatial practices possible. It introduces the concept of magic node as a manner to facilitate such a study of games. A case study of cartographical practices in real time strategy games exemplifies how games can be approached as such magic nodes.
Negotiating identities
Authors: Phillips Coretta
Published: July 2008

This article explores the situated nature of male prisoner identities in the late modern British context, using the contrasting theoretical frames of Sykes's (1958) indigenous model and Jacobs' (1979) importation model of prisoner subcultures and social relations. Drawing on eight months of ethnographic fieldwork in an ethnically, religiously and nationally diverse young offenders institution, consideration is given to how prisoners manage and negotiate difference, exploring the contours of racialization and racism which can operate in ambiguous and contradictory ways. Sociological understandings of identity, ethnicity, racialization and racism are used to inform a more empirically grounded theoretical criminology.
Profiles, Compulsory Disclosure and Ethical Sexual Citizenship in the Contemporary USA
Authors: Decena Carlos Ulises
Published: July 2008

Almost thirty years after AIDS was first recognized in the USA, behaviorally bisexual men of color who do not identify as gay are portrayed as deviant but redeemable through the disclosure of their sexual behaviors. The rhetoric of coming out, and the perceptions of internalized homophobia linked to those who do not, are mobilized to produce an ethical sexual citizen, not a gay man. The author analyzes results reported in a Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report that coincided with media attention given to men `on the down low'. He demonstrates that the data the researchers present tell a much more complex story than the analysis and commentary that the researchers provide. The author suggests that this MMWR is symptomatic of a regime of compulsory disclosure in the USA where identities, practices, and desires are emerging as alternatives to normative heterosexuality and homosexuality.
Free lunch? Cameroon's diaspora and online news publishing
Authors: Ndangam Lilian N.
Published: July 2008

Using a case study of The Post newspaper in Cameroon, this article examines an alternative model through which a media organization located within the `have not' side of the digital divide is publishing online. A skills inadequacy in the newsroom and a relatively weak telecommunications infrastructure in the country have prompted the newspaper's online version to not only target a diasporic audience, but rely on the expertise and resources of this audience in the development and administration of its website. Illustrating this mode of collaboration between the diasporic audience and the newspaper and detailing its implications for news production and editorial decision-making, this article argues that this model of online news publishing, rarely evidenced in the literature, illustrates the nature and significance of transnational relationships in the diffusion and adoption of online publishing. It simultaneously reflects an alternative transnational practice through which African migrants engage with their home of origin.
Mediating commons: rural Greece
Authors: Lagos Taso G.
Published: July 2008

Diffusion of innovation theorizes on how human beings adopt new communication technology, but it fails to take into account the institutional factors involved in the process. In this study involving new communicational technology use in a small Greek rural village, it is determined that the village cafe, as the central socializing element in the community, plays a powerful role in dissemination of new communicational devices, or what this article conceptualizes as `mediating commons'. Such mediating commons social institutions as the village cafe play a significant role in encouraging the adoption of new communication products; without such a mediating commons in a community, adoption rates may reduce significantly and lead to a spreading digital divide.