bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1. PRÉCIS IMAGES OF HISTORY: KANT, BENJAMIN, FREEDOM, AND THE HUMAN SUBJECT
Authors: ELDRIDGE RICHARD
Published: September 2018

My fundamental motivation in writing Images of History was to avoid some forms of hubris and despair that trouble contemporary philosophy and to develop instead a picture of human life in historical time. According to this picture, we live amid institutional and practical inheritances we can address but can never fully stabilize and perfect. In different ways, Kant and Benjamin each accept this thought, and they each develop a picture of philosophy as historically situated, open criticism of existing practices and institutions. Each emphasizes the priority of the practical over any fixed metaphysical‐theoretical stance. I survey each of their general theories of critical historical understanding, and I pay special attention to the texts in which they each provide detailed, specific accounts of Western social‐historical development or circumstances: Kant's Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason and Benjamin's One‐Way Street. Where Kant's philosophical criticism is reformist, liberal, and casually dismissive of non‐Christian religion, Benjamin's is modernist, erotic, and improvisatory. Their respective images of history according to which we achieve orientation are both complementary and fundamentally opposed—not readily combinable into a consistent whole. Drawing on the work of Jonathan Lear, I end with a picture of maturity and practical self‐unity as centrally a matter of developing the skill of modulated alternation between these two orientation‐affording images.
3. NATURE, RELIGION, AND IMAGINATION: COMMENTS ON IMAGES OF HISTORY
Authors: CLEWIS ROBERT R.
Published: September 2018

After sharing some reflections, I raise three questions. The first asks about the role of nature and reason according to Kant's teleological history, and the extent to which Kant's essays written before the Critique of the Power of Judgment (1790) are “dogmatic,” as his phrase “aim of nature” might suggest. The second asks about Kant's “impure” ethics and the role of religion. What would Kantian religion look like today? The last question concerns the relation between images and ideas—a thornier issue than Kant's initial definitions of imagination and reason would seem to suggest.
WRITING THE NATION INTO HISTORY
Authors: Eley Geoff
Published: September 2018

This article considers the fruits of an elaborate multi‐year European Science Foundation (ESF)‐sponsored research project on the reciprocal dynamics joining nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐century historiography to the varying trajectories of European state‐formation. It reads the culminating volume in the eight‐book series sponsored by this ESF project against the wider associated discussions and the larger context of the contemporary historiography of nationalism. It seeks to draw out the defining features of the approach involved (conceptually, methodologically, intellectually, politically), while pointing to a number of the entailments and lacunae. In particular, it considers some of the attenuations and omissions resulting from the adoption of an overly institutional and “top‐down” approach to the chosen thematic of “nation and narration.”
Technological behavior of porcelain stoneware bodies with Egyptian syenites
Authors: Zanelli Chiara , Soldati Roberto , Conte Sonia , Guarini Guia , Ismail Ali I. M. , El‐Maghraby Mohammed S. , Cazzaniga Alberto , Dondi Michele
Published: September 2018

The progressive depletion of the main feldspathic flux deposits in the World is forcing the ceramic industry to search for suitable substitutes. The aim of this study is to assess the potential of some feldspar sources in the Egyptian Eastern Desert, particularly syenites from Abu Khruq, in the manufacture of ceramic tiles. Beneficiated samples obtained by laboratory‐scale mineral processing were tested into porcelain stoneware batches (from 10% to 30% wt in replacement of feldspars) and compared with a reference body through a laboratory reproduction of the industrial processing. The technological behavior of unfired tiles does not suffer any significant alteration due to the use of syenites. On the other hand, syenite‐bearing bodies exhibit some changes in the phase composition and the chemistry of the melt, that turns richer in alkali, especially K2O. The consequently increased sintering rate depends mainly on the viscosity of the liquid phase formed during firing. In conclusion, syenites can be used without technological hindrances to manufacture porcelain stoneware tiles. The firing behavior of syenite‐bearing batches can be reasonably adjusted by setting key parameters (eg, the feldspar amount and the Na/K ratio), but the darker color of fired bodies requires to further lower the iron oxide.
Human erythrocyte antigens in Brazilian Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.)
Authors: Resende Lucilene Silva Ruiz e , da Silva Adaize Pereira , Garcia Patrícia Carvalho , de Oliveira Francisco Szneczuk , Bueno Lais Melício Cintra , Secco Valéria Nogueira Dias Paes , Zanini José Mauro , Rahal Sheila Canevese , Teixeira Carlos Roberto
Published: September 2018

Background

Investigation of erythrocyte antigens in New World monkeys, especially in the Brazilian ones, is scant and incomplete.

Methods

Determining the presence of 29 erythrocyte antigens from 11 human blood group systems (ABO, H, Rh, Kell, Duffy, Kidd, Lewis, P, MNS, Lutheran and Diego) on erythrocytes in nine Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus sp.).

Results

A majority (20 of 29) of human erythrocyte antigens were not found in this monkey genus. Erythrocyte phenotyping was very similar within this animal group, as five Capuchin monkeys differed from the other four in the ABO system only.

Conclusion

The erythrocyte phenotype for this group of animals is less diversified than in humans. Some monkey erythrocyte antigens were similar in frequency, whereas others were different from those observed in human ethnicities.
Does low‐dose aspirin improve pregnancy rate in women undergoing frozen‐thawed embryo transfer cycle? A pilot double‐blind, randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Madani Tahereh , Ahmadi Firoozeh , Jahangiri Nadia , Bahmanabadi Akram , Bagheri Lankarani Narges
Published: September 2018

Aim

To evaluate the effect of adjuvant low‐dose aspirin therapy on clinical pregnancy rate and uterine perfusion in women undergoing frozen‐thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles.

Methods

This study was performed as a pilot randomized, double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial, from May 2012 to February 2015. Overall, 60 available eligible women who were candidates for FET were randomly assigned to two groups receiving either 100 mg oral aspirin (n =30) or placebo (n =30). The primary outcome measure was clinical pregnancy rate. Secondary outcome measures were pulsatility index (PI), resistance index (RI), implantation rate, live birth rate and miscarriage rate.

Results

There was no significant difference in endometrial thickness, PI and RI. However, the study group had higher rates of clinical pregnancy, implantation, live birth (P = 0.042, P = 0.031 and P = 0.007, respectively) and lower rate of miscarriage (P = 0.020) as compared to the control group. Twin birth rate was comparable between the two groups.

Conclusion

Our pilot study demonstrated that administration of low‐dose aspirin in FET cycles results in better pregnancy, implantation and live birth rates without changing the uterine hemodynamics or endometrial thickness. However, further randomized clinical studies in larger populations are needed to confirm these findings.
Impact of dose and duration of corticosteroid on the risk of hepatitis flare in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Yuen Becky Wing‐Yan , Chan Henry Lik‐Yuen , Tse Yee‐Kit , Yip Terry Cheuk‐Fung , Lam Kelvin Long‐Yan , Lui Grace Chung‐Yan , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun
Published: September 2018

Background

Systemic corticosteroid is used for different medical conditions and may cause hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation.

Aims

To study the impact of duration and peak dose of corticosteroid on the risk of hepatitis flare in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).

Methods

All patients who received corticosteroid from January 2001 to December 2004 were retrieved from the Hospital Authority, Hong Kong. We stratified patients by daily dose prednisolone equivalents (<20 mg, 20‐40 mg, >40 mg) and durations (<7; 7‐28; >28 days). The primary endpoint was hepatitis flare (alanine aminotransferase >2×upper limit of normal, ie 80 IU/L) at 1 year.

Results

A total of 85 763 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria (5254 CHB, 80 509 non‐CHB). CHB patients had higher risk of hepatitis flare (388/5254 [7.8%]) than those without CHB (2728/80 509 [4.2%]; P < 0.001 by log‐rank test). Among CHB patients, peak daily dose >40 mg compared to <20 mg prednisolone equivalents (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.64, 95% CI 1.26‐2.14; P < 0.001) was an independent risk factor of hepatitis flare. Risk of hepatitis flare started to increase in those receiving corticosteroid of peak daily dose >40 mg prednisolone equivalents even for <7 days (aHR 1.55, P = 0.026), which was also increased for 7‐28 days and >28 days (aHR 1.90 and 1.64 respectively, both P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Even short courses of high‐dose corticosteroid increase the risk of hepatitis flare in CHB patients. Patients receiving high‐dose corticosteroid should be considered for antiviral prophylaxis regardless of the duration of treatment.
Parental non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease increases risk of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in offspring
Authors: Long Michelle T. , Gurary Ellen B. , Massaro Joseph M. , Ma Jiantao , Hoffmann Udo , Chung Raymond T. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Loomba Rohit
Published: September 2018

Background & Aims

Little is known regarding the risk of hepatic steatosis (HS) among adult children of affected parents. We examined the association between parental and offspring HS in the multigenerational Framingham Heart Study, which characterized HS using computed tomography.

Methods

We performed multivariable logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, alcohol use, and body mass index to generate the odds of HS according to parental HS. We determined the proportion of participants with HS according to parental HS and the presence or absence of hypertension, diabetes, or obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). After excluding heavy alcohol use (n = 126) and missing covariates (n = 1), 785 offspring with at least one parent were included.

Results

Approximately 23% (183/785) had at least one parent with HS and 1.1% had two affected parents (9/785). In adjusted models, participants with at least one parent with HS had a nearly two‐fold increased odds of HS compared to participants without a parental history of HS (OR 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.15‐3.03). Among participants without hypertension, diabetes, or obesity, a higher proportion had HS if they had a parental history of HS compared to those without (16.1% vs 5.2%, P < 0.001). However, for participants with cardiometabolic risk factors, we did not observe a difference in HS among those with and without parental HS (30.3% vs 28.5%, P = 0.78).

Conclusions

Individuals with a parental history of HS are at increased risk for HS. Specifically, a parental history of HS may be an important factor among those that are otherwise metabolically healthy.
P57‐mediated autophagy promotes the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Li Wen‐Yuan , Li Qing , Jing Li , Wu Tao , Han Li‐Li , Wang Yu , Yu Si‐Zhe , Nan Ke‐Jun , Guo Hui
Published: September 2018

Background & Aims

Resistance to EGFR‐targeted therapy is a major obstacle in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear. Autophagy plays a vital role in antitumour treatment. Our previous study suggested that p57 is associated with autophagy and cisplatin resistance. The present study aimed to investigate whether p57 can enhance the sensitivity of HCC cells to Erlotinib (Er)/Cetuximab(C‐225) and further explore the potential mechanisms of Er/C‐225 resistance.

Methods

HCC cells were transfected with pIRES2‐EGFP‐p57 and pIRES2‐EGFP‐nc, accompanied by Er/C‐225 treatment. Cell viability was detected by an Annexin apoptosis kit and MTT assay. Xenograft experiments were performed to study the function of p57 in the treatment of Er/C‐225 in vivo. The level of autophagy was determined by analysis of the appearance of autophagic vacuoles. Western blotting was used to investigate the potential pathways involved.

Results

Up‐regulation of p57 decreased the level of Er/C‐225‐induced autophagy and enhanced the decrease in Er/C‐225‐induced cell viability. P57 overexpression combined with CQ treatment further enhanced the therapeutic efficiency of Er/C‐225. The xenograft experiment verified that p57 up‐regulation sensitizes HCC cells to Er/C‐225. Moreover, a mechanistic investigation demonstrated that the up‐regulation of p57 resulted in a decrease of LC3B‐II and beclin‐1, and an increase in p‐PI3K, p‐AKT and p‐mTOR protein expressions.

Conclusions

Through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway, p57 can reverse Er/C‐225‐induced autophagy, and thereby increase the therapeutic efficiency of Er/C‐225 treatment. Given these results, p57 up‐regulation may be applicable as a therapeutic strategy to improve EGFR‐targeted therapy in HCC.
Modified redox signaling in vasculature after chronic infusion of the insulin receptor antagonist, S961
Authors: Bubb Kristen J. , Ritchie Rebecca H. , Figtree Gemma A.
Published: September 2018

Background

Type 2 diabetes and associated vascular complications cause substantial morbidity and mortality. It is important to investigate mechanisms and test therapies in relevant physiological models, yet few animal models adequately recapitulate all aspects of the human condition.

Objective

We sought to determine the potential of using an insulin receptor antagonist, S961, in mice for investigating vascular pathophysiology.

Methods

S961 was infused into mice for 4 weeks. Blood glucose was monitored, and insulin was measured at the end of the protocol. Blood pressure and pressor responses to vasodilators were measured in cannulated mice, and vascular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were measured in isolated tissue.

Results

S961 infusion‐induced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. There was evidence of increased vascular reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and modification of NO‐mediated signaling. Pressor responses to a NO donor were attenuated, but responses to bradykinin were preserved.

Conclusions

Infusion of S961, an insulin receptor antagonist, results in the production of a mouse model of type 2 diabetes that may be useful for investigating redox signaling in the vasculature of insulin‐resistant mice over the short term. It is limited by both the transient nature of the hyperglycemia and incomplete functional analogy to the human condition.
Linking Tolerance to Workplace Incivility, Service Innovative, Knowledge Hiding, and Job Search Behavior: The Mediating Role of Employee Cynicism
Authors: Aljawarneh Nader Mohammad Saleh , Atan Tarik
Published: September 2018

Although incivility has been identified as an important issue in workplaces, little research has focused on tolerance to workplace incivility. Drawing on conservation of resources and psychological ownership theory, this article investigates the mediating role of employee cynicism on the relationship between tolerance to workplace incivility and outcome variables (i.e., service innovative behavior, knowledge hiding behavior, and job search behavior) in the hospitality industry. Structural equation modeling and artificial neural network were applied on survey data obtained from five‐star hotels in Jordan. Building on the proposed theories, we show that employee cynicism mediates the link between tolerance to workplace incivility and knowledge hiding behavior, and job search behavior. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Placement replacement: A conceptual framework for designing simulated clinical placement in occupational therapy
Authors: Chu Eli Mang Yee , Sheppard Loretta , Guinea Stephen , Imms Christine
Published: September 2018

Simulation is increasingly used to supplement clinical placement in preregistration health professional programs. However, there are no conceptual frameworks to guide the design of these learning experiences when replacing a clinical placement. In the present study, the conceptual framework for simulated clinical placements (CF‐SCP) is presented. Evolving from an iterative process of synthesizing learning and simulation theory, findings from the empirical literature, and the perspectives and ideas from experts in occupational therapy practice, education and simulation‐based learning, the CF‐SCP aligns principles and processes of workplace and simulation learning. The application of the CF‐SCP is described in the context of a 1 week full‐time SCP. The CF‐SCP provides a structure for organizing, understanding, and applying the principles and processes to design a simulated placement to be a “placement replacement” experience. Articulating a conceptual framework for the design of simulated placement experiences to replace actual clinical placement hours in the allied health sector is important if these experiences are to be tested for validity, efficacy, and transferability to a range of occupational therapy practice areas and other health disciplines.
Functional neuromuscular impairment in severe intestinal dysmotility
Authors: Gallego Diana , Malagelada Carolina , Accarino Anna , Gori Alessandra , Malagelada Juan Ramón , Azpiroz Fernando , De Giorgio Roberto , Jimenez Marcel
Published: September 2018

Background

Chronic intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (CIPO) and enteric dysmotility (ED) are severe intestinal motility disorders usually associated with underlying neuromuscular abnormalities.

Objective

To evaluate the in vitro neuromuscular function of patients with severe intestinal motility disorders.

Methods

Full‐thickness intestinal biopsies (16 jejunum and 3 ileum) obtained from patients with CIPO (n = 10) and ED (n = 9) were studied using muscle bath and microelectrode techniques. Control samples (n = 6 ileum and n = 6 jejunum) were used to establish the range of normality.

Key Results

Fourteen parameters were defined to assess muscle contractility and nerve‐muscle interaction: five to evaluate smooth muscle and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and nine to evaluate inhibitory neuromuscular transmission. For each sample, a parameter was scored 0 if the value was inside the normal range or a value of 1 if it was outside. Patients’ samples (CIPO/ED) had more abnormal parameters than controls (P < 0.001 for both jejunum and ileum). Functional abnormalities were found to be heterogeneous. The most prevalent abnormality was a decreased purinergic neuromuscular transmission, which was detected in 43.8% of jejunal samples.

Conclusions and Inferences

Abnormalities of neuromuscular intestinal function are detected in vitro in severe intestinal dysmotility. However, consistent with the heterogeneity of the disease pathophysiology, functional impairment cannot be attributed to a single mechanism. Specifically, defects of purinergic neuromuscular transmission may have an important role in motility disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
Fungal resistance mediated by maize wall‐associated kinase ZmWAK‐RLK1 correlates with reduced benzoxazinoid content
Authors: Yang Ping , Praz Coraline , Li Beibei , Singla Jyoti , Robert Christelle A. M. , Kessel Bettina , Scheuermann Daniela , Lüthi Linda , Ouzunova Milena , Erb Matthias , Krattinger Simon G. , Keller Beat
Published: September 2018

Wall‐associated kinases (WAKs) have recently been identified as major components of fungal and bacterial disease resistance in several cereal crop species. However, the molecular mechanisms of WAK‐mediated resistance remain largely unknown.

Here, we investigated the function of the maize gene ZmWAK‐RLK1 (Htn1) that confers quantitative resistance to northern corn leaf blight (NCLB) caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Exserohilum turcicum.

ZmWAK‐RLK1 was found to localize to the plasma membrane and its presence resulted in a modification of the infection process by reducing pathogen penetration into host tissues. A large‐scale transcriptome analysis of near‐isogenic lines (NILs) differing for ZmWAK‐RLK1 revealed that several differentially expressed genes are involved in the biosynthesis of the secondary metabolites benzoxazinoids (BXs). The contents of several BXs including DIM2BOA‐Glc were significantly lower when ZmWAK‐RLK1 is present. DIM2BOA‐Glc concentration was significantly elevated in ZmWAK‐RLK1 mutants with compromised NCLB resistance. Maize mutants that were affected in overall BXs biosynthesis or content of DIM2BOA‐Glc showed increased NCLB resistance.

We conclude that Htn1‐mediated NCLB resistance is associated with a reduction of BX secondary metabolites. These findings suggest a link between WAK‐mediated quantitative disease resistance and changes in biochemical fluxes starting with indole‐3‐glycerol phosphate.
Sex‐biased gene expression in flowers, but not leaves, reveals secondary sexual dimorphism in Populus balsamifera
Authors: Sanderson Brian J. , Wang Li , Tiffin Peter , Wu Zhiqiang , Olson Matthew S.
Published: September 2018

Because sexual dimorphism in plants is often less morphologically conspicuous than in animals, studies of sex‐biased gene expression may provide a quantitative metric to better address their commonality, molecular pathways, consistency across tissues and taxa, and evolution. The presence of sex‐biased gene expression in tissues other than the androecium or gynoecium, termed secondary sexual characters, suggests that these traits arose after the initial evolution of dioecy. Patterns of sequence evolution may provide evidence of positive selection that drove sexual specialization.

We compared gene expression in male and female flowers and leaves of Populus balsamifera to assess the extent of sex‐biased expression, and tested whether sex‐biased genes exhibit elevated rates of protein evolution.

Sex‐biased expression was pervasive in floral tissue, but nearly absent in leaf tissue. Female‐biased genes in flowers were associated with photosynthesis, whereas male‐biased genes were associated with mitochondrial function. Sex‐biased genes did not exhibit elevated rates of protein evolution, contrary to results from other studies in animals and plants.

Our results suggest that the ecological and physiological constraints associated with the energetics of flowering, rather than sexual conflict, have probably shaped the differences in male and female gene expression in P. balsamifera.
Zärtliche Zwänge
Authors: Kleinbeck Johannes
Published: September 2018

Über nichts streitet Sigmund Freud in den Briefen an seine Verlobte Martha Bernays so erbittert wie über das, was „Zärtlichkeit“ bedeuten soll, wie sie gelebt, geäußert und geteilt werden darf und wie nicht. In ihrer postalischen Auseinandersetzung lässt sich die textuelle Struktur eines Affekts umreißen, deren Widersprüchlichkeit sich nicht zuletzt den unterschiedlichen Bestimmungen verdankt, die der Zärtlichkeit im Christentum, in der aristokratischen Galanterie des siebzehnten und im Bürgertum des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts jeweils zugeschrieben worden sind. Wenn sich die Geschichte der Zärtlichkeit mit Niklas Luhmann als die „Codierung“ oder „Institutionalisierung“ eines Affekts beschreiben lässt, so kann eine Lektüre der sogenannten Brautbriefe ergänzend verdeutlichen, dass jeder Affekt die geschichtlichen Sedimente seiner ihm vorausgehenden Bestimmungen weiter mit sich führt.

Mit den daraus resultierenden Ambivalenzen weiß der vor‐psychoanalytische Freud nicht anders umzugehen als sie der Widerspenstigkeit seiner Verlobten zuzuschreiben. Er wird sie zum Anlass eines Erziehungs‐Versuchs nehmen, in dem er Martha Bernays zu einer Affekt‐Ökonomie der Zärtlichkeit zu zwingen sucht, deren Schranken von der Zärtlichkeit selbst fortwährend überschritten werden.
Use of vismodegib for the treatment of multiple basal cell carcinomas in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum
Authors: Soura Efthymia , Plaka Michaela , Dessinioti Clio , Chasapi Vassiliki , Stefanaki Christina , Antoniou Christina , Stratigos Alexander
Published: September 2018

A female patient with xeroderma pigmentosum and multiple basal cell carcinomas was treated with a hedgehog pathway inhibitor (vismodegib), which successfully treated the majority of her basal cell carcinomas while preventing the appearance of new lesions. The sum diameter of lesions showed a 61% decrease after 16.5 months of treatment, although after 18.5 months of treatment, a persistent lesion showed progression and metatypical characteristics; adverse events included persistent alopecia muscle cramps, dysgeusia, and amenorrhea. Despite these limitations, vismodegib may have a role in the treatment of some patients with xeroderma pigmentosum.
Subclinical right ventricular dysfunction in intermittent and persistent mildly asthmatic children on tissue Doppler echocardiography and serum NT‐proBNP: Observational study
Authors: Ozde Cem , Dogru Mahmut , Ozde Şükriye , Kayapinar Osman , Kaya Adnan , Korkmaz Ahmet
Published: September 2018

Background

Bronchial asthma may lead to pulmonary hypertension, right ventricular (RV) dysfunction, and cor pulmonale due to elevated afterload on the RV later in life. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) might serve as a biomarker for detecting subclinical RV dysfunction using echocardiography during the early stages of bronchial asthma.

Methods

Sixty‐eight pediatric patients with asthma (asthma group) and 69 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy children (control group) were enrolled. The study was conducted in a tertiary woman and child diseases education and research hospital from January 2013 to December 2013. RV function (2‐D and tissue‐Doppler echocardiography), pulmonary function (spirometry) and serum NT‐proBNP concentration were evaluated.

Results

Mean age was 10.5 ± 2.8 years in the asthma group and 10.2 ± 2.7 years in the control group (P = 0.522). RV diastolic function was significantly decreased in the asthma group (ratio of tricuspid lateral annular early diastolic peak velocity to tricuspid lateral annular late diastolic peak velocity [E′/A′], 1.29 ± 0.68 vs 1.74 ± 0.89, P = 0.001). RV myocardial performance index was significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control group (0.28 ± 0.06 vs 0.24 ± 0.07, respectively; P = 0.003). Finally, serum NT‐proBNP concentration was significantly higher in the asthma group than in the control group (292.3 ± 142.2 pg/mL vs 208.2 ± 70.1 pg/mL, respectively; P = 0.003).

Conclusion

Increased serum NT‐proBNP is associated with subclinical RV dysfunction in asthmatic children. RV function is significantly affected in children with bronchial asthma.
Early assessment of right ventricular systolic function after pediatric heart transplant
Authors: Harrington Jamie K. , Freud Lindsay R. , Woldu Kristal L. , Joong Anna , Richmond Marc E.
Published: September 2018

RV systolic function is important early after HT; however, it has not been critically assessed in children using quantitative measures. The aim of this study was to describe the most validated and commonly used quantitative echocardiographic measures of RV systolic function early after pediatric HT and to assess associations with qualitative function evaluation and clinical factors. RV systolic function was quantified on the first post‐HT echocardiogram >24 hours after cardiopulmonary bypass using two‐dimensional TAPSE, Tricuspid annular S’, FAC, and MPI. In 145 patients (median age 7.6 years), quantitative RV systolic function was markedly abnormal: mean TAPSE z‐score −8.43 ± 1.89; S’ z‐score −4.36 ± 1.22; FAC 24.4 ± 8.34%; and MPI 0.86 ± 0.51. Few patients had normal quantitative function: TAPSE (0%), S’ (1.2%), FAC (9.4%), and MPI (28.4%). In contrast, 48.3% were observed as normal by qualitative assessment. Most clinical factors, including diagnosis, pulmonary vascular resistance, posttransplant hemodynamics, inotropic support, and rejection, were not associated with RV function. In this large pediatric HT population, TAPSE, S’, FAC, and MPI were strikingly abnormal early post‐HT despite reassuring qualitative assessment and no significant association with clinical factors. This suggests that the accepted normal values of these quantitative measures may not apply in the early post‐HT period to accurately grade RV systolic function, and there may be utility in adapting a concept of normal reference values after pediatric HT.
Effect of human tubal fluid medium and hyperactivation inducers on stallion sperm capacitation and hyperactivation
Authors: Arroyo‐Salvo Camila , Sanhueza Francisco , Fuentes Fernanda , Treulén Favián , Arias María Elena , Cabrera Paulina , Silva Mauricio , Felmer Ricardo
Published: September 2018

Contents

Conventional in vitro fertilization has not yet been implemented in the equine species. One of the main reasons has been the inability to develop a culture medium and incubation conditions supporting high levels of stallion sperm capacitation and hyperactivation in vitro. Although different culture media have been used for this purpose, human tubal fluid (HTF) medium, widely used in the manipulation of human and mice gametes, has not been reported so far in stallion sperm culture. The first part of this study aimed to compare HTF and Whitten's media on different stallion sperm quality and capacitation variables. Additionally, the effect of procaine, aminopyridine and caffeine in both media was evaluated on sperm motility parameters at different incubation times. Integrity and destabilization of the plasma membrane were evaluated by merocyanine 540/SYTOX Green (MC540), mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) using tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester perchlorate (TMRM), acrosome membrane integrity by PNA/FITC and tyrosine phosphorylation by P‐tyrosine mouse mAb conjugated to Alexa Fluor® by flow cytometry. Motility parameters were evaluated using the integrated semen analysis system (ISAS®). We found no differences between Whitten's and HTF media and incubation time in terms of sperm viability, uninduced acrosome membrane damage or mitochondrial membrane potential at 30‐ and 120‐min incubation. Membrane fluidity (MC540) increased in both media at 30‐ and 120‐min incubation compared to noncapacitating conditions. Similarly, tyrosine phosphorylation increased in both media in capacitating conditions at 2‐ and 4‐hr incubation compared to noncapacitating conditions. Although procaine showed the best result in terms of sperm hyperactivated motility in both media, aminopyridine also showed parameters consistent with the hyperactivation including an increase in curvilinear velocity and decrease in straightness. In conclusion, HTF medium and aminopyridine equally support capacitation‐related parameters in stallion sperm.
Sociogenomics in the 21st century: An introduction to the history and potential of genetically informed social science
Authors: Braudt David B.
Published: September 2018

This article reviews research at the intersection of genetics and sociology and provides an introduction to the current data, methods, and theories used in sociogenomic research. To accomplish this, I review behavioral genetics models, candidate gene analysis, genome‐wide complex trait analysis, and the use of polygenic scores (sometimes referred to as polygenic risk scores) in the study of complex human behaviors and traits. The information provided is meant to equip readers with the necessary tools to (a) understand the methodology employed by each type of analysis, (b) intelligently interpret findings from sociogenomic research, and (c) understand the importance of sociologists in the ever‐growing field of sociogenomics. To unify these three tasks, I rely on various examples from recent sociogenomic analyses of educational attainment focusing on social stratification and inequality.
Application of immortalized human erythroid progenitor cell line in serologic tests to detect red blood cell alloantibodies
Authors: Kikuchi Go , Kurita Ryo , Ogasawara Kenichi , Isa Kazumi , Tsuneyama Hatsue , Nakamura Yukio , Yabe Ryuichi , Shiba Masayuki , Tadokoro Kenji , Nagai Tadashi , Satake Masahiro
Published: September 2018

BACKGROUND

Antibody screening in pretransfusion tests is necessary to avoid critical complications of blood transfusion. Although red blood cells (RBCs) expressing relevant alloantigen(s) have been used for serologic antibody screening, little attention has been given to the use of cell lines, in which blood group antigen gene(s) are transduced, as reagent RBCs for antibody screening.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

The use of an erythroid progenitor cell line for serologic tests was studied. The expression of blood group antigens of erythroid progenitor cells was analyzed by genotyping and flow cytometry. Serologic analysis including hemagglutination was performed using erythroid progenitor cells to evaluate their sensitivity for antibody detection. Overexpression of exogenous erythroid antigen by lentiviral transduction was carried out and investigated for antibody detection sensitivity.

RESULTS

Erythroid progenitor cells contained a substantial amount of hemoglobin and expressed sufficient levels of blood group antigens to detect corresponding monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, the cell line could acquire an exogenous RBC antigen after lentiviral transduction and detected corresponding monoclonal and alloantibodies with equal sensitivity to antigen‐positive RBCs.

CONCLUSION

Application of erythroid progenitor cell lines for screening for unexpected antibodies could be helpful in solving issues such as reagent availability associated with the conventional RBC‐based assay. The genetic expandability of erythroid progenitor cell lines by gene modification techniques could lead to the development of more convenient reagent RBCs.
Assessing the risk of Babesia to the United States blood supply using a risk‐based decision‐making approach: Report of AABB's Ad Hoc Babesia Policy Working Group (original report)
Authors: Ward Sheila J. , Stramer Susan L. , Szczepiorkowski Zbigniew M.
Published: September 2018

Recognizing the increasing threat of transfusion‐transmitted babesiosis to the US blood supply, the AABB Board of Directors tasked an Ad Hoc Babesia Policy Working Group (the Working Group) to use the Alliance of Blood Operators' risk‐based decision‐making (RBDM) framework to assess the risks and benefits of introducing Babesia donation testing in the United States. The regional nature of the Babesia microti risk added complexity to the RBDM assessment because of the unique operational and financial considerations for operators and hospitals located in endemic states. Therefore, the assessment considered safety, product availability, sector sustainability, and technology availability.

After assessing safety risk, economic and operational impact, reimbursement equity, ethical considerations, and stakeholder feedback from two consultations, the Working Group concluded that a regional approach to donor screening in endemic states was appropriate because it applied the intervention where the risk was highest and appropriately allocated cost to the risk. Nucleic acid testing using a ribosomal RNA template was the recommended intervention because it was the most cost‐effective, resulted in no wasted units, and captured similar numbers of infections as antibody plus DNA‐based polymerase chain reaction. The current model for blood reimbursement was maintained but AABB was encouraged to facilitate collection of data to identify threats to sector sustainability in endemic states. Babesia expansion was acknowledged with a mechanism to regularly reevaluate what are “endemic states.” Finally, given that public awareness of the Babesia threat is the first line of defense, AABB should work with appropriate agencies for general education about the health risk from B. microti.
Influence of multiple reuse and resterilization cycles on the performance of a bipolar vessel sealing device (LigaSure) intended for single use
Authors: Kuvaldina Alexandra , Hayes Galina , Sumner Julia , Behling‐Kelly Erica
Published: September 2018

Objective

To determine the number of use/cleaning/resterilization cycles that can be safely applied to a vessel sealing device intended for single use (LigaSure).

Study design

Ex vivo study.

Sample population

LigaSure Small Jaw handsets (n = 6) and LigaSure Impact handsets (n = 6).

Methods

Handsets underwent simulated splenectomy/cleaning/resterilization cycles until failure, defined as leaking vascular seal or blade retraction failure. Functional testing included assessment of vascular seal integrity, handset activation/tissue release, and cutting blade wear/retraction. Vascular seal failure was defined as a leak occurring at <300 mm Hg. Cycles to failure were recorded. Sealed vessels were evaluated by histology at first handset use and failure.

Results

Vascular seals created with the Small Jaw handset failed at a mean (95% CI) of 17.2 cycles (9.6‐24.8) and a minimum of 10 cycles. Vascular seals created with the Impact failed at a mean of 20 cycles (18.4‐21.6) and a minimum of 17 cycles. The majority of seal failures (73%; 95% CI 39%‐94%) immediate leaked during vessel filling. The rate of vascular seal failure increased after the initial failure. Failure was associated with histologic disparities in tissue apposition.

Conclusion

Repeated use and resterilization resulted in failure of the vascular seal due to inadequate tissue apposition after a minimum of 10 cycles.

Clinical significance

Surgeons reusing and resterilizing LigaSure handsets (ForceTriad platform) should consider discarding handsets after 9 cycles for the Small Jaw and after 16 cycles for the Impact. Handsets should be immediately discarded after any intraoperative identification of vascular seal failure.
Role of the C‐terminus of SUR in the differential regulation of β‐cell and cardiac KATP channels by MgADP and metabolism
Authors: Vedovato Natascia , Rorsman Olof , Hennis Konstantin , Ashcroft Frances M. , Proks Peter
Published: September 2018

Key points

β‐Cell KATP channels are partially open in the absence of metabolic substrates, whereas cardiac KATP channels are closed.

Using cloned channels heterologously expressed in Xenopus oocytes we measured the effect of MgADP on the MgATP concentration–inhibition curve immediately after patch excision.

MgADP caused a far more striking reduction in ATP inhibition of Kir6.2/SUR1 channels than Kir6.2/SUR2A channels; this effect declined rapidly after patch excision.

Exchanging the final 42 amino acids of SUR was sufficient to switch the Mg‐nucleotide regulation of Kir6.2/SUR1 and Kir6.2/SUR2A channels, and partially switch their sensitivity to metabolic inhibition.

Deletion of the C‐terminal 42 residues of SUR abolished MgADP activation of both Kir6.2/SUR1 and Kir6.2/SUR2A channels.

We conclude that the different metabolic sensitivity of Kir6.2/SUR1 and Kir6.2/SUR2A channels is at least partially due to their different regulation by Mg‐nucleotides, which is determined by the final 42 amino acids.

ATP‐sensitive potassium (KATP) channels couple the metabolic state of a cell to its electrical activity and play important physiological roles in many tissues. In contrast to β‐cell (Kir6.2/SUR1) channels, which open when extracellular glucose levels fall, cardiac (Kir6.2/SUR2A) channels remain closed. This is due to differences in the SUR subunit rather than cell metabolism. As ATP inhibition and MgADP activation are similar for both types of channels, we investigated channel inhibition by MgATP in the presence of 100 μm MgADP immediately after patch excision [when the channel open probability (PO) is near maximal]. The results were strikingly different: 100 μm MgADP substantially reduced MgATP inhibition of Kir6.2/SUR1, but had no effect on MgATP inhibition of Kir6.2/SUR2A. Exchanging the final 42 residues of SUR2A with that of SUR1 switched the channel phenotype (and vice versa), and deleting this region abolished Mg‐nucleotide activation. This suggests the C‐terminal 42 residues are important for the ability of MgADP to influence ATP inhibition at Kir6.2. This region was also necessary, but not sufficient, for activation of the KATP channel in intact cells by metabolic inhibition (azide). We conclude that the ability of MgADP to impair ATP inhibition at Kir6.2 accounts, in part, for the differential metabolic sensitivities of β‐cell and cardiac KATP channels.
Amalia en el cine: 1936, la conquista de la ciudad
Authors: Suárez Nicolás
Published: September 2018

El artículo propone una lectura comparativa de la novela Amalia (1851/5) de José Mármol y su transposición cinematográfica homónima, dirigida por Luis José Moglia Barth en 1936. Estrenada en el marco de las celebraciones por el cuarto centenario de la primera fundación de Buenos Aires, la película supone un modo de distinción, en tanto recupera de la novela la idea de la ciudad como epítome de la nacionalidad, para ofrecer un modelo de nación alternativo al entonces propuesto por los imaginarios del criollismo y el tango.
Un deseo que permanece deseo. Antonio Di Benedetto y la potencia de la imaginación
Authors: Arce Rafael
Published: September 2018

El artículo propone una lectura de El pentágono, primera novela del escritor argentino Antonio Di Benedetto. Esta lectura intenta superar las clasificaciones genéricas que se dividen entre el realismo literario y el fantástico, pero también discute la interpretación meramente antirrealista de la novela. Para ello, utiliza el concepto de imaginación y propone una hipótesis que se pretende generalizable al resto de la obra.
Modelos de atención en salud en enfermedades raras: revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Quirland Lazo Camila , Castañeda Cardona Camilo , Chirveches Calvache María Alejandra , Aroca Alberto , Otálora Esteban Margarita , Rosselli Diego
Published: September 2018

Las enfermedades de baja prevalencia requieren modelos de gestión diferentes a los de otras condiciones. Este trabajo buscó recoger las experiencias internacionales. Se realizaron búsquedas en numerosas bases de datos de literatura indexada y de documentos grises. Un panel de expertos de diferentes disciplinas revisó los resúmenes de la literatura y su posible adaptación al contexto colombiano. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 5604 referencias; la búsqueda manual adicionó 31 referencias, finalmente 78 artículos aportaron información útil para el análisis. Los resultados permiten afirmar que existen varios componentes de un modelo de gestión, estos son: políticas, legislación y aspectos administrativos; definición y codificación de enfermedades; investigación yeducación; centros especializados, centros de excelencia y redes de atención; diagnóstico, tamizaje, prevención y promoción; inclusión de medicamentos huérfanos; rehabilitación y manejo paliativo; organizaciones de pacientes, grupos o redes de apoyo; y apoyo sociosanitario (inclusión laboral y educativa).
La seguridad del paciente en atención primaria en salud ¿Una actividad que podría quedar en el olvido?
Authors: Moya Sáenz Olga Lucia
Published: September 2018

La identificación de los riesgos en seguridad del paciente durante la atención primaria en salud habitualmente se realiza de la misma manera que se hace en la gestión clínica hospitalaria, sin tener en cuenta que los riesgos son diferentes. Del mismo modo, en Colombia no existe una política pública ni una directriz normativa sectorial que obligue a los actores del sistema a utilizar instrumento estandarizados, sistematizados para registrar, reportar y analizar los eventos adversos en atención primaria en salud.El gran reto del Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud está en prever la política y las herramientas adecuadas para asumir las grandes transformaciones que implica la implementación de la Política de Atención Integral en Salud, con una mirada hacia la atención primaria en salud, con un enfoque hacia la promoción de la salud y la prevención de la enfermedad, entornos que favorezcan la seguridad del paciente durante la prestación de los ser vicios en salud.
Análisis de los eventos desfavorables como resultado de la atención en cirugía oral
Authors: Pesántez Alvarado Juan Martín , Camacho Ladino Julián Danilo , Rodríguez Ciódaro Adriana , Camacho Sandra Patricia , Sarralde Delgado Ana Lucía , Castro Haiek Diego Ernesto , González Moncada Juliana
Published: September 2018

Antecedentes: La cirugía oral es una especialidad que requiere preparación teórica y habilidad quirúrgica para efectuar los procedimientos. Durante el proceso de aprendizaje, los estudiantes, al efectuar cirugías, pueden enfrentar dificultades que dañen involuntariamente al paciente. A pesar de cumplirse los protocolos, es posible que se presenten eventos desfavorables durante la atención. Por este motivo, es necesario caracterizar y analizar dichos eventos en instituciones como una facultad de odontología para mejorar la calidad de la atención. Objetivo: Analizar los eventos desfavorables que se presentaron en el área quirúrgica de la Facultad de Odontología de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana en un periodo de dos años. Métodos: En este estudio observacional-descriptivo se evaluaron todas las historias clínicas de pacientes atendidos entre el 1 de enero de 2014 y el 31 de diciembre de 2015, a fin de identificar y analizar los eventos desfavorables en cirugía oral. Resultados: De 1062 historias clínicas, 74 (7 %) tenían reportes de eventos desfavorables, 41 (56 %) de las cuales se tipificaron como complicaciones, 22 (30 %) como indicios de atención insegura y 11 (14 %) como eventos adversos. De ellos, 9 (82 %) fueron prevenibles y 2 (18 %) no prevenibles, todos relacionados con exodoncias. Conclusiones: Los eventos adversos en el área quirúrgica se presentaron en baja frecuencia y se relacionaron con exodoncias. Para reducir la ocurrencia de estas situaciones, es preciso realizar planeación prequirúrgica, elaborar meticulosamente las historias clínicas y, en caso de presentarse algún tipo de evento, informarlo.
Categorización de los objetos que forman parte del Extended Self, y sus discursos asociados
Authors: Poggio Lagares Lucía , Aragonés Tapia Juan Ignacio
Published: September 2018

La personalización del espacio se construye con las claves que el propietario distribuye en el espacio. Estas claves, mayoritariamente objetos, forman parte del Extended Self. Para comprobar si existe un discurso diferenciado según la categoría a la que pertenecen los objetos de los dormitorios, se realizaron tres estudios. Tras obtener una lista de los objetos más representativos, en el siguiente estudio los participantes clasificaron bajo su criterio estos objetos. Un análisis de cluster mostró dos categorías: funcional y simbólico. Finalmente, un análisis de contenido de las razones de selección de los objetos mostró discursos diferenciados para cada categoría. Los resultados confirman que los objetos se organizan en funcional y simbólico, en donde se obtienen discursos diferenciados según la categoría a la que pertenecen.
Implicación de usuarios diagnosticados de Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada en la elaboración de una guía de práctica clínica
Authors: Amor Gisela , Vega Amanda , Villena Amelia , Gómez-Ocaña Clara , Morales-Asencio José Miguel , Hurtado María Magdalena
Published: September 2018

En la actualidad hay un interés creciente en implicar a los usuarios de los servicios sanitarios en la elaboración de guías de práctica clínica, especialmente en los problemas de salud de mayor complejidad o frecuencia, como es el Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada (TAG). El objetivo del presente artículo es dar a conocer la novedosa metodología cualitativa utilizada para maximizar el impacto del punto de vista de un grupo de usuarios con TAG en la elaboración de una GPC sobre dicho trastorno. Para ello, se realizaron grupos focales y, a partir del análisis de contenido, se vincularon los testimonios de los usuarios con las recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia, situando ambas fuentes de información al mismo nivel de relevancia.