bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceleration of CO2 Solubility Trapping Mechanism for Enhanced Storage Capacity Utilizing Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Ali M. , Hamdi Z. , Elochukwu H. , Musa S. A. , Bataee M. , Behjat S.
Published: April 2024

This paper conducts a thorough examination of the carbon dioxide (CO2) solubility trapping mechanism, a pivotal facet of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology crucial for enhancing storage capacity. Leveraging the capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI), our objective is to innovate and expedite the solubility trapping process. The overarching aim is to hasten the solubility trapping mechanism, thereby achieving heightened efficiency and storage capacity in CCS applications. To assess the potential acceleration of solubility during geological CO2 storage and appraise the field application of successful CO2 sequestration, a multitude of case studies is imperative. These case studies, encompassing various reservoir characteristics, are facilitated through the application of an artificial neural network (ANN). Specifically, we have developed an ANN model for geological CO2 solubility in saline aquifers. The training and testing of the ANN model were executed using data generated from a synthetic aquifer, focusing on solubility and its trapping index. Employing Python with TensorFlow, we conducted training and testing iterations, selecting the optimal model based on the calculated coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) values. The model successfully predicted the duration of the solubility trapping mechanism and storage efficiency. Our findings suggest that the ANN model serves as a valuable tool for forecasting storage effectiveness and evaluating the success of CO2 sequestration. In scenarios where conventional simulations fall short, our model may offer a viable solution.
Assessing Agricultural Vulnerability to Climate Change Through Dynamic Indexing Approach
Authors: SAHOO DIBAKAR , Moharaj Prasanta
Published: April 2024

The present study aims to enhance the methodology for assessing agricultural vulnerability in the context of climate change, focusing on the diverse districts of Odisha. Acknowledging that vulnerability is influenced by exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, our research refines traditional assessment methods by incorporating the growth rate and instability of vital performance indicators to evaluate the relative vulnerability of each district. A key innovation of this approach is the use of normalized indicators, weighted in accordance with the proportional acreage of major crops in each district relative to the state, culminating in a comprehensive vulnerability index through the aggregation of these weighted components. Our findings reveal significant variability in the vulnerability profiles across districts within the same agro-climatic zones, thereby necessitating state-level intervention through tailored “Location Performance Vulnerability” based adaptation strategies. These strategies, including early weather warning systems, development of new and early maturing crop varieties, and adjustment of crop planting dates, are crucial for mitigating the adverse effects of climate change on agriculture. The study's methodology and findings offer significant contributions to the field, providing policymakers and stakeholders with a district-specific framework for climate change adaptation. This approach is especially relevant for the international academic and policy-making communities, as it highlights the importance of localized adaptation strategies in the broader context of global climate change resilience.
JEL Classification: Q54, Q1
Influence of superabsorbent polymer (SAP) content, particle size and sodium silicate modulus on the performance of fly ash-slag paste filling materials
Authors: Ma Chenyang , Zhang Zhipeng , Tang Haotian , Li Weihao , Ma Wanlin , Liu Rentai , Fan Jianguo , Li Hongrui , Chen Mengjun
Published: April 2024

The use of solid waste cementitious materials in coal mining and mine filling applications has been limited by substantial volume shrinkage and inadequate hydration. This study explored the incorporation of a novel SAP to improve the workability of solid waste filling materials. We examined the impact of SAP content, particle size, and sodium silicate modulus on the workability and mechanical properties through fluidity, setting time, compressive strength, and drying shrinkage tests. The water absorption and release mechanism of the SAP, along with its effects on workability and mechanical properties, were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our findings demonstrated that optimizing the SAP content, particle size, and sodium silicate modulus significantly enhanced the workability, stability, pumpability, and compressive strength of fly ash-slag paste filling materials. Our findings offer insights for modifying and developing solid waste filling materials and executing practical mine filling projects.
Sickle Cell Disease: Populations and Policies, A Systematic Review
Authors: Pakhale Smita , Joseph Joanne , Alhabeeb Fatmah , Ambade Preshit , Falavinha Bruna , Jama Sadia , Yang Sarah , Chow Ryan , Shorr Risa , Mugamai Eman
Published: April 2024

Background
Sickle cell disease (SCD) affects over 30 million people and is most prevalent in sub-Saharan Africa, India, the Arabian Peninsula, the Caribbean, and North/South America. Globally, people with SCD disproportionately suffer premature deaths, hospitalizations due to acute complications, and significant multi-organ complications. Despite vivid similarities with Cystic Fibrosis (CF), clinical care and research is disproportionately minimal for SCD. Both CF and SCD are inherited, life-limiting, multi-system diseases; however, one mainly affects white people and the other Black people.
Objective
We aim to describe socio-demographics of SCD populations globally and highlight policy limitations and urgently needed changes to achieve equitable and just SCD care and research.
Methods
An electronic database search of Ovid MEDLINE (“sickle cell disease and marginalized people” and “policy in sickle cell disease”) was conducted for the period 1947 to May 2022. Additional information was obtained through Google Scholar, gray literature, and back references of relevant articles. Study selection and quality assessment was conducted independently in duplicate.
Results
Data were extracted from 137 articles, reports, and gray literature. We propose five main actionable items: 1) establish and strengthen national and international screening programs; 2) implement prevention and education programs; 3) enhance collaboration between stakeholders; 4) increase funding for SCD related research; and 5) promote new models for multidisciplinary care.
Conclusions
Globally, social, economic, geographical, and political factors affect access to comprehensive SCD management. Urgent policy changes are needed for equitable, inclusive, and just SCD care and research.
Multi-area Collision-free Path Planning and Efficient Task Scheduling Optimization for Autonomous Agricultural Robots
Authors: Yang Liwei , Li Ping , Wang Tao , Tian Jiya , Chen Chuangye , Tan Jie , Wang Zijian
Published: April 2024

Collision-free path planning and task scheduling optimization in multi-region operations of autonomous agricultural robots present a complex coupled problem. In addition to considering task access sequences and collision-free path planning, multiple factors such as task priorities, terrain complexity of farmland, and robot energy consumption must be comprehensively addressed. This study aims to explore a hierarchical decoupling approach to tackle the challenges of multi-region path planning. Firstly, we conduct path planning based on the A* algorithm to traverse paths for all tasks and obtain multi-region connected paths. Throughout this process, factors such as path length, turning points, and corner angles are thoroughly considered, and a cost matrix is constructed for subsequent optimization processes. Secondly, we reformulate the multi-region path planning problem into a discrete optimization problem and employ genetic algorithms to optimize the task sequence, thus identifying the optimal task execution order under energy constraints. We finally validate the feasibility of the multi-task planning algorithm proposed by conducting experiments in an open environment, a narrow environment and a large-scale environment. Experimental results demonstrate the method's capability to find feasible collision-free and cost-optimal task access routes in diverse and complex multi-region planning scenarios.
Influence of Vitamin D on the Prevention and Improvement of Symptomatic COVID-19: A Randomized, Open-labeled, Multicenter Trial
Authors: Wang Huan , Tao Liyuan , Cui Liyan , Chen Yahong , Liu Dongyang , Xue Lixiang , Yang Yuping , Lv Yang , Zhang Fuchun , Wang Tiancheng , Wang Xiaoxiao , Yuan Wanqiong , Liu Hao , Huang Jie , Jiang Yanfang , Liu Na , Yang Lijuan , Hu Yunjing , Li Yanfang , Gao Yuling , Li Haiyan , Li Baohua , Song Chunli
Published: April 2024

We aimed to investigate the preventive effect of vitamin D2 on COVID-19 and the improvement of symptoms after COVID-19 infection. The study recruited 228 health care workers who tested negative PCR or antigen for COVID-19. Subjects were randomly allocated to vitamin D2 or non-intervention at a ratio 1:1. Subjects recorded PCR or antigen tests and the symptoms of COVID-19 twice a week during the follow-up visit. The concentration of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D), C-reaction protein (CRP), complement component C1q and inflammatory cytokines were measured. The rates of COVID-19 infection were 50.5% in the vitamin D2 group and 52.4% in the non-intervention group (P= 0.785). There was no difference in the COVID-19 symptoms between the two groups. The mean 25(OH)D level significantly increased from 14.1 ng/mL to 31.1 ng/mL after administration (P <0.001). The difference between the two groups was not significant for the concentrations of CRP, C1q and inflammatory cytokines on the thirtieth day of thetrial. According to the second level of vitamin D, there was a 14.3% difference in positive infection rates between the vitamin D adequate (>30 ng/mL) and deficient groups (<20 ng/mL). Adequate vitamin D had a tendency to prevent COVID-19.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05673980, dated: 22/12/2022.
Revised constraints on the final stages of the last deglaciation from high-resolution sea-level observations
Authors: MUKHERJEE UDITA , Vetter Lael , Milne Glenn , Tarasov Lev , Steponaitis Elena , Cahill Niamh , Lecavalier Benoit , Rosenheim Brad , Tornqvist Torbjorn
Published: April 2024

The rapid transformation of the ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere system during the last deglaciation serves as a potential model for climate change during this century and beyond. Within this context, sea-level change can be viewed as the connecting tissue, but the limited resolution of relative sea-level (RSL) records has hindered progress toward closing the ice sheet–sea level budget since the Last Glacial Maximum, the partitioning of ice melt from different sources, and assessing the role of freshwater forcing in abrupt climate change. Here we present a new RSL record from the Mississippi Delta stretching back to 11 ka and combine it with the best available published RSL data worldwide for the final episode of the last deglaciation (9-7 ka). Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) modelling shows that these precise data constraints demand a North American ice melt of about 14 m sea-level equivalent (SLE) during this time, 4-10 m greater than previously estimated. Our results call for a major revision of the North American deglacial ice history and our findings demonstrate the utility of high-resolution RSL observations as a pathway towards closing the ice budget of the last deglaciation and improving our understanding of the ocean-atmosphere-cryosphere system during rapid climate change.
Numerical investigation on patterned two-phase microstructure for better mechanical properties
Authors: Zeng Liting , Ma Zhiwei , wei Yujie
Published: April 2024

In this study, two-dimensional composite of Cu/Ni laminated and brick-mortar structures were explored utilizing the GTN constitutive model and mathematical plane tessellation schemes. Uniaxial and biaxial stretching behaviors were analyzed by precisely controlling the model microgeometries and phase volume fraction characteristics, using finite element numerical simulations. The results show that the laminated structure represented by the triangular tessellation models exhibits stretching-dominated deformation when uniaxial stretching is carried out along the direction of the hard phase laminae and shows outstanding strength. The brick-mortar structure represented by the triangular tessellation models undergoes deformation in a combination of bending and stretching (compression), which helps to improve the plasticity yet avoid a significant decrease in strength. In addition, as the volume fraction of hard phase increases, the overall strength increases, but the plasticity decreases. When the volume fraction of hard phase is higher, the laminated structure represented by the triangular tessellation model is more prominent in terms of strength, whereas when the volume fraction of hard phase is lower, the brick-mortar structure represented by the triangular tessellation model is more prominent in terms of plasticity. Under biaxial conditions, the quadrangular tessellation scheme for brick-mortar structures shows better overall strength and plasticity. By analysing the microstructure-mechanical properties relationship in a two-phase composites, this study provides guidance for material synthesis through structural patterning.
Corpus-Based Study on Metadiscourse Markers in TESOL Research Articles
Authors: Bui Loan Thi Kim
Published: April 2024

Metadiscourse (MD) markers play an important role in helping readers follow the flow of discourse and get involved in the writer’s point of view. This study is aimed at investigating the employment of MD markers used in TESOL research articles based on Hyland’s (2005) categorization of MD markers into two types including interactive and interactional discourse markers. A total of 30 TESOL research articles collected from the proceedings of international TESOL conference held by a big university in Ho Chi Minh in 2021. The corpus of 30 TESOL research articles was analyzed with AntConc software and descriptive statistics. The findings reveal that the interactive discourse markers are used with a higher percentage than that of interactional discourse markers in TESOL research articles written by Vietnamese writers. Moreover, statistic results unravel that there is a difference in the quantity and function of MD markers in TESOL research articles written by Vietnamese writers. The study results are beneficial to novice research writers and teachers of English who are teaching academic writing.
Irregular Feature Enhancer for Low-dose CT Denoising
Authors: Deng Jiehang , Hu Zihang , He Jinwen , Liu Jiaxin , Qiao Guoqing , Gu Guosheng , Weng Shaowei
Published: April 2024

So far, deep learning based networks have been wildly applied in Low-Dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) image denoising. However, they usually adopt symmetric convolution to achieve regular feature extraction, but cannot effectively extract irregular features. Therefore, in this paper, an Irregular Feature Enhancer (IFE) focusing on effectively extracting irregular features is proposed by combining Symmetric-Asymmetric-Synergy Convolution Module (SASCM) with a hybrid loss module. Rather than simply stacking symmetric convolution layers used in traditional deep learning based networks, SASCM jointly utilizes symmetric and asymmetric convolution layers so as to effectively extract irregular tissue information of the image. In addition, the hybrid loss module is proposed to guide IFE to further mine the intrinsic feature information of the image from three perspectives: pixel point, high-level feature space, and gradient. The ablation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of SASCM and the hybrid loss. The quantitative experimental results also show that compared with several related LDCT denoising methods, the proposed IFE performs the best in terms of PSNR and SSIM. Furthermore, it can be observed from the qualitative visualization that the proposed IFE can recover the best image detail structure information among the compared methods.
Optimization of the Internal Structure of 3d-printed Components for Architectural Restoration
Authors: Tomei Valentina , Grande Ernesto , Imbimbo Maura
Published: April 2024

In recent years, 3D printing technology has assumed an important role in advanced construction processes across various engineering fields. Among these, the application to the architectural restoration of historic structures is particularly fascinating. The ability to precisely reproduce the shape and surface details of complex elements, combined with the availability of a wide range of printing materials, makes 3D printing technology competitive compared to traditional techniques. In this context, the internal volume structure of 3D printed elements represents an additional design parameter to consider for enhancing interventions in terms of reducing the required material, and thus, lowering costs and environmental impact. The paper presents the outcomes of experimental tests and numerical analyses conducted on plates, which represent portions of more complex elements produced by using Additive Manufacturing (AM) technology. These plates feature various internal configurations (such as reticular and rhomboidal patterns) derived from a mono-objective design optimization process. The experimental tests aim to analyze the influence of the configuration and the pattern on the behavior of printed samples. Additionally, the paper discusses insights derived from both theoretical models and Finite Element analyses, providing a clearer understanding of the experimental results.
MuDupNet: Multitasking Dual-Threshold Pointer Network for Point Cloud Alignment
Authors: Zhang Yingjie , Qiu Keyuan , Ren Zekai , Zhang Shun
Published: April 2024

Point cloud alignment is a core task in computer vision and robotics. To address the problems of inefficiency and insufficient interpretability often faced by existing methods when dealing with point clouds with complex local geometries, this paper proposes a model MuDupNet that combines traditional point cloud feature extraction methods and advanced deep learning techniques. This method employs a multi-task learning architecture, which is based on the regression of local geometric histogram features of the point cloud in the training phase, which enhances the deep interpretability of the network features and accuracy of the model, while a Dual-Threshold Pointer SVD (DPSVD) for point cloud alignment inference module is introduced to enhance the efficiency of the network in alignment. The experimental results show that the MuDupNet model exhibits excellent alignment accuracy and robustness on several standard datasets, especially when dealing with point cloud data with complex local geometries.
The Effect of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles on Gamma-Ray Shielding Capacity of Vinyl Ester Resin: Experimental, MCNP6 and WinXCom Results
Authors: Erdönmez S.
Published: April 2024

The current study focused on investigating the gamma-ray shielding capacity of nano sized CeO2 (nCeO2) doped vinyl ester composites (VE/nCeO2) produced by the direct pouring method with different nCeO2 contents ranging from 2.5 to 20 wt%. X-ray Diffraction and Transmission Electron Microscopy were used to characterize the structural properties of nCeO2 particles. The gamma radiation shielding performance of the produced composites was investigated experimentally and theoretically within the scope of primary shielding coefficients like mass attenuation coefficient, half value layer, tenth value layer, mean free path, effective atomic number, and effective electron density. The experimental studies were obtained by NaI(Tl) scintillator detector for gamma-ray energies coming from Ba-133, Cs-137, and Co-60 radioactive point sources in the narrow beam geometry. The outcomes were compared with the theoretical calculations acquired by Monte Carlo N-Particle Transport version 6 code. The effective atomic number and effective electron density studies were additionally examined with WinXCom software. A good consistency between the experimental and theoretical outcomes was achieved. It was determined that among all composites, VE/20%nCeO2 composite having maximum nCeO2 content showed the best radiation shielding performance against all energy values. The nCeO2 additive was successful in enhancing the radiation attenuation performance of vinyl ester, and mass attenuation coefficients of investigated samples gradually changed from 0.15 to 0.79 cm2/g at 81 keV. The gamma-ray attenuation coefficients of the composites were compared with traditional shield materials and previously studied shielding materials and evaluated as promising lightweight, non-toxic alternatives for the low-energy gamma-ray shielding applications.
Non-Reciprocity in Photon Polarization based on direction of polarizer under Gravitational Fields
Authors: Ahn Doyeol , Noh Hansol , Alsing Paul , Miller Warner
Published: April 2024

Unification of gravity with quantum mechanics is still a terra incognita. Photon polarization measurements shed light in this quest, offering a unique perspective on the coexistence of these fundamental forces. We have revealed that non-reciprocity in the photon polarization angle can arise by tailoring the quantization axis, which corresponds to the direction of polarizer. Thanks to this non-reciprocity, the measured polarization angle along the quantization axis can become ten times larger than that of gravitationally induced frame rotation in both near-Earth and black hole environments. To verify this finding, we propose an astronomical interferometer composed of satellites with the tailored quantization axis, challenging the prevailing view of their triviality in closed paths of a photon. Notably, this non-reciprocity can extend to any additional rotation irrespective to the origin including non-relativistic rotation, quantum gravity, and the violation of Einstein equivalence principle. Our finding could offer new opportunities for testing fundamental principles in physics.
Experimental Study on Shear Failure Characteristics and Crack Propagation Laws of Rocks with Various Joint Angles under Hydro-Mechanical Coupling
Authors: Zhang Shichuan , Song shilong , Zhang Buchu , Shen Baotang , Chai Shunjie , Han Xuexian , Yang Huashuai
Published: April 2024

With the increasing depth of coal resource extraction, the surrounding rock in deep engineering faces a geological-mechanical environment characterized by high in-situ stress and elevated water pressure. Investigating the damage evolution and crack propagation patterns in jointed rock masses under the coupled effects of water and stress is crucial for understanding the destabilization and failure mechanisms of deep rock masses. This study employs equipment such as the ROCK TEST SYSTEM 816.01 shear apparatus and a force-thermal-water coupled shear test system to conduct a comprehensive investigation into the damage characteristics and shear crack propagation patterns of granite with varying joint angles under hydraulic coupling conditions.The research findings indicate that the injection of water pressure can effectively reduce the peak shear strength of granite by lowering the effective normal stress. As the joint angle increases, the peak shear strength of the specimens exhibits an overall "n"-shaped trend, with shear displacement showing a reversed "s"-shaped pattern, initially increasing, then decreasing, and increasing again at the peak. Both joint angle and water pressure significantly influence the damage incurred during the granite fracture process. With an increasing joint angle, the damage in the specimens demonstrates an initial increase, followed by a decrease, and then another increase. However, under the influence of water pressure, the damage in the specimens is higher compared to those without water pressure. The damage growth rate under water pressure follows a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing, with the maximum damage growth rate occurring at a joint angle of 30°.Furthermore, numerical simulations using the FRACOD software are conducted to simulate shear fracturing for the Yangba well in Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) geothermal engineering. The results of the simulation calculations hold significant guidance for selecting wellbore positions in the target area of hot dry rocks.
Role of Computed Tomography in Measuring Peritumoral Fat Tissue for Preoperative Staging in Patients with Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ozcan Seray Gizem Gur , Erkan Merve , Ozyildirim Serra , Bilir Burak , Firat Yurdakul Deniz
Published: April 2024

Background
In patients with gastric cancer, staging is conducted using computed tomography during diagnosis. Distinguishing between early-stage and locally advanced tumors is particularly crucial for guiding the patient's treatment. Accurate staging with computed tomography depends on various factors, with the area of peritumoral fat tissue being the most significant, ensuring a precise understanding of serosal involvement. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of peritumoral fat tissue in the accurate staging of patients with local and locally advanced gastric cancer undergoing surgery.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 165 patients who underwent gastric cancer surgery between 2017 and 2023. The patients’ demographic data, pathology results, tumor-lymph node-metastasis stages, and postoperative complications were examined. Utilizing the computed tomography scans taken during diagnosis, peritumoral fat tissue was measured in cm2.
Results
The mean value for peritumoral fat tissue was found to be 12.9 cm2. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, there was a significant correlation between the computed tomography staging and pathologic results of the patients with peritumoral fat tissue equal to or larger than 9.5 cm2, with a sensitivity of 87% and a specificity of 92% according to the Youden index (area under the curve: 0.923, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
This study has revealed that computed tomography can be used reliably in preoperative staging for patients with a peritumoral fat tissue area equal to or larger than 9.5 cm2.
Joint High-Precision Frequency and Code Phase Estimation Algorithm for Iridium NEXT Signals
Authors: Liu Yue , Xu Ying , Lei Ming , Gao Ming , Fang Zhibo , Jiang Cheng , Mao Yi
Published: April 2024

In recent years, Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite Signals of Opportunity (SOP) position technology has emerged as a crucial alternative to the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), effectively addressing navigation and positioning challenges in the event of GNSS failure. Among numerous LEO constellations, Iridium NEXT garners significant attention due to its high-quality signals and extensive coverage. However, current signal estimation algorithms overlook the frequency shifts caused by satellite dynamics, thereby impacting the accuracy of signal demodulation results and Time-of-Arrival (TOA) estimation accuracy. Simultaneously, traditional TOA estimation methods face challenges of low accuracy and high complexity. To address these, the paper proposes a joint high-precision frequency and code phase estimation algorithm. By adjusting the phase deviation of synchronous signals, the algorithm mitigates the impact of high dynamics on signal estimation, and enhance estimation accuracy. Additionally, the algorithm utilizes the Early Minus Late Amplitude (EMLA) method for efficient TOA estimation. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared to existing signal estimation approaches, the proposed algorithm significantly enhances the positioning accuracy of Frequency Difference of Arrival (FDOA) by 36.1254% and 28.5289% in 220m short baseline and 20 km long baseline scenarios, respectively. Moreover, the algorithm allows for Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) and FDOA fusion positioning, exhibiting markedly superior accuracy compared to FDOA positioning, with a maximum improvement of 53.0922%. The results also indicate a substantial enhancement in the stability and reliability of the differential position results.
Predictive value of methylene blue combined with indocyanine green in sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer: a prospective pilot cohort study
Authors: He Zecheng , Guo Fan , Liu Yuhan , Wang Changjun , Zhou Yidong , Sun Qiang
Published: April 2024

Background:
The status of sentinel lymph nodes is crucial for prognosis and treatment decisions in breast cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of combined methylene blue and indocyanine green for sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer.
Methods:
This prospective cohort study enrolled 90 clinically node-negative breast cancer patients. Methylene blue and indocyanine green were injected locally before surgery. Sentinel lymph nodes were grouped based on fluorescence intensity and methylene blue staining. A binary logistic regression model was established using 285 lymph node groups to predict metastatic risk.
Results:
A total of 475 lymph nodes were identified, with 33 being metastatic. The metastatic risk reached 70% for partially blue-stained and weakly fluorescent lymph nodes between 1-2 cm. The model revealed associations between lymph node size, dye staining patterns, and metastatic risks (P<0.05). The AUC of the ROC curve was 0.855.
Conclusions:
The staining pattern of combined methylene blue and indocyanine green could predict risks of sentinel lymph node metastasis and facilitate rapid intraoperative identification of high-risk lymph nodes.
XRCC1 and XPD Polymorphisms: Clinical Outcomes and Risk of Prostate Cancer in Bangladeshi Population
Authors: Ahmed Nafisa , Islam Md. Ariful , Hossain M. Mahboob , Kabir Yearul
Published: April 2024

Background
In Bangladesh, only a fraction of prostate cancer patients are diagnosed annually due to lack of symptom awareness and screening challenges, resulting in high mortality. Aiming to improve screening methods, we evaluated X-ray cross-complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) Arg194Gln and Xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) Lys751Gln polymorphisms to determine their relevance as potential markers for predicting prostate cancer risk, severity and clinical parameters in Bangladeshi population.
Methods and Results
This study included 132 prostate cancer patients and 135 healthy controls. Genotype analysis was done from blood samples by the PCR-RFLP method. The XRCC1 Trp/Trp genotype was associated with prostate cancer (ORadj = 5.51; 95% CI = 1.13–26.78; p-value = 0.03) compared to Arg/Arg genotype. No significant association was found between the XPD variants and prostate cancer risk. The XRCC1 Trp/Trp genotype increased prostate cancer risk in smokers and non-smokers but was statistically non-significant. In individuals without a family history of cancer, the XRCC1 Trp/Trp genotype had a non-significant 4.64-fold higher risk (ORadj=4.64; 95% CI = 0.88–24.36; p-value = 0.07), while the XPD Gln/Gln had a 2.66-fold non-significant higher risk (ORadj=2.66; 95% CI = 0.88–8.10; p-value = 0.09). The XRCC1 Trp/Trp variant was associated with hematuria risk, higher mean serum creatinine, and mean prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in prostate cancer patients. The XPD Gln/Gln variant was only associated with higher mean serum creatinine levels.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that XRCC1 screening may be used as a biomarker for prostate cancer to improve early diagnosis in Bangladesh.
Association between age and glycemic control of adult diabetics in Korea: a cross-sectional study based on KNHANES 2013–2021
Authors: Park Sae-Yeon , Jung Yun Hwa , Park Sohee , Shin Jaeyong , Jang Sung-In
Published: April 2024

Background: Diabetes is a major health issue in Korea, with an increasing incidence in patients <50 years of age. Poor disease recognition and glycemic control in adult diabetics, especially those <40 years of age, leads to disastrous outpatient usage and prescription rates. This study examined the association between age and glycemic control in adult diabetics.
Methods: This study included 4,324 individuals with diabetes from the 2013–2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey. Exclusion criteria were age <19 years or pregnancy. The adjusted relationship between age and glycemic control (HbA1c) was analyzed by binary logistic regression.
Results: Poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥ 7%) was present in 69.7% of males and 58.5% of females <45 years of age, compared with 44.8% of males and 46.7% of females >65 years of age. Males and females 19–44 years of age were 4.22 times (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.60–6.84) and 2.36 times (95% CI: 1.33–4.17) more likely to have poor glycemic control, respectively, than those ≥65 years of age. Considering the duration of diabetes, young males within 0–1 year and 4–5 years of initial diagnosis were 4.69 times (95% CI: 1.42–15.51) and 3.82 times (95% CI: 1.15–12.64) more likely to have poor glycemic control, respectively, than elderly males within the same intervals. Similarly, young females within 2–3 years of diagnosis were 3.57 times (95% CI: 1.08–11.76) more likely to have poor glycemic control than elderly females within the same interval. In addition, HbA1c > 8% was 3.57 times (95% CI: 2.15–5.90) and 4.87 times (95% CI: 2.58–9.20) more common in males and females <45 years of age, respectively, compared with those >65 years of age.
Conclusions: Poor glycemic control is more common among young diabetics than among older diabetics, and the difference is especially pronounced among individuals with a recent diabetes diagnosis. Glycemic management differs depending on sex, genetic predisposition, duration of diabetes, general health condition, and behavioral factors such as medication adherence. Further studies should consider genetics and medication adherence as major causes of poor glycemic management in young adult diabetics.
Investigation of the effect of human error on digital and analogue indirect bonding precision: A benchtop study
Authors: Karkazi Frantzeska , Basal Ece
Published: April 2024

Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate whether human error affects bracket position errors by comparing digital and analogue indirect bonding techniques with artificial intelligence.
Materials and Methods
36 intraoral models were divided into three groups. 10 brackets were placed in each cast (incisors, canines, and premolars). In automatic control group, brackets were placed according to the facial axis point automatically by Ortho Analyzer software. In manual digital group (MDG) brackets were placed by an operator, while in manual analogue group (MAG) brackets were placed on the plaster models. Models were digitally superimposed and compared with control models (3D slicer). The linear and angular measurements were analyzed with Mann-Whitney U-test and Chi-square test.
Results
Between the two techniques, there were statistically significant differences in vertical, tipping, torque, and rotation variables for incisors; in vertical and torque variables for canines. The error frequency showed that 81.1% of brackets in MDG were within clinically acceptable limits, whereas only 62.5% were accurate in MAG group. The prevalence of accuracy in MDG was higher in all variables except tipping.
Conclusions
Digital aids improved bracket position accuracy. Horizontal axis was the safest variable in MAG. Accuracy levels of torque and rotation parameters were the lowest for both groups.
Clinical Relevance:
Unlike premolars, positioning of incisors and canines requires special attention in analogue technique.
Injectable and NIR-Responsive CDN-POM Hydrogels for Combined Non-Inflammatory Photo-immunotherapy
Authors: Jiang Hailong , Liu Die , Wang Jianing , Li Jingchao , Pang Xinrui , Zhang Ke , Shan Hong
Published: April 2024

Similar to clinically applied thermal ablation techniques, the cellular necrosis that occurs during photothermal tumor therapy (PTT) can induce inflammatory response, severely compromising the therapeutic efficacy and clinical translation of PTT. Inspired by the remarkable ROS-scavenging activity and high photothermal efficiency of molybdenum-based polyoxometalate (POM) and immunostimulatory effect of Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs), a NIR-responsive and injectable DNA-mediated hybrid hydrogel (CDN-POM) is developed. The hydrogels have superior photothermal efficiency (43.41%) to POM, impressive anti-inflammatory capability and prolonged intratumoral CDN-releasing behavior, thus enabling synergistic anti-tumor therapeutic outcomes. Meanwhile, local treatment induced by CDN-POM hydrogels displays minimal side effects on normal tissue. Taking advantage of the high phototherapeutic effect, ROS-scavenging activity and sustained CDN release of CDN-POM hydrogels, a novel combined approach that integrates the photothermal and immunotherapy of breast tumor is successfully pioneered.
Identification and Characterization of Glycosyltransferase 43 (GT43) Gene Family in Sorghum bicolor
Authors: Rehana Rehana , Arshad Sarmad Frogh , Saleem Muhammad Asif , Arshad Hasan Junaid , Usman Muhammad , Anwar Muhammad
Published: April 2024

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is an essential bioenergy crop. Cellulosic and non-cellulosic polysaccharides, which can both be transformed into biofuels, make up a majority of their biomass. Many glycosyltransferases (GT) families, including GT43, are involved in the biosynthesis of xylan in the primary and secondary cells of plants. In this study, we performed identification, phylogenetic tree, physiochemical properties, subcellular localization, protein-protein interaction network, detection of motifs analysis, gene structure, secondary and three-dimensional (3D) model construction, functional domain, gene duplication, cis-acting elements, sequences logos, multiple sequence alignment and gene expression profiles based on RNA-sequence analyses in GT47 gene family. As a result, we identified eleven members of the GT43 gene family. The eleven GT43 genes in sorghum that we were able to identify and explain here. The phylogenetic tree of the GT43 genes family showed that all GT43 genes have evolutionary relationships with each other in sorghum. Gene structure, motifs, sequence logos, and multiple sequence alignment analysis showed that all members of the GT47 protein were highly conserved. Subcellular localization showed all members of GT43 proteins were localized in the different compartments of sorghum. The secondary structure of GT43 genes was made up of a different percentage of α-helix, random coils, β-turn, and extended strands and the tertiary structure model showed that all GT43 proteins had similar 3D structures. Current results indicated that GT43 members of the GT43 gene family (Sobic.010G238800,Sobic.003G254700 Sobic.001G409100) were highly expressed in internodes of sorghum plant based on RNA-Sequence. These results indicated the extensive and dependent relationship of GT43 genes involved in sorghum (S. bicolor). This study will also help formulate accurate and precise laboratory experiments for future use.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal CmMYB308 as a key regulator in the pink flower color variation of ‘Dante Purple’ chrysanthemum
Authors: Geng ZhiQiang , Liu Miao , Wang Yiguang , Wang Yuxi , Wang You , Sun Yanyan , Wang Haibin , Zhou Lijie , Jiang Jiafu , Chen Sumei , Chen Fadi
Published: April 2024

Flower color variation is a widespread natural occurrence that plays a significant role in floral breeding.We discovered a variation in the flower of the chrysanthemum cultivar ‘Dante Purple’ (abbreviated as ‘DP’), where the flower color shifted from purple to pink. Through tissue culture, we successfully propagated these pink flowers and designated them as DPM. By conducting transcriptome and metabolome analysis, we identified a reduction in the expression of key genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis—CmPAL, CmC4H, and Cm4CL—in the DPM. This downregulation led to an accumulation of phenylalanine and cinnamic acid within the general phenylpropanoid pathway (GPP), which prevented their conversion into cyanidin and cyanidin 3-glucoside. As a result, the flowers turned pink. Additional transformation and biochemical experiments confirmed that the upregulation of CmMYB308 gene expression in the DPM directly suppressed CmPAL-1 and CmC4H genes, which indirectly affected Cm4CL-3 expression and ultimately inhibited anthocyanin biosynthesis in the DPM. This study offers a preliminary insight into the molecular mechanism underlying chrysanthemum flower color mutation, paving the way for genetic improvements in chrysanthemum flower color breeding.
The influence of soil characteristics on radon/thoron concentrations in soil gas, radon exhalation rate and in ambient air in Kuwait
Authors: Aljber Reem , Shaaban Fouad , Al-Azmi Darwish
Published: April 2024

The influence of soil characteristics on outdoor radon concentrations, radon exhalation from soil surface, and radon/thoron in the soil were studied in Kuwait. Field measurements were carried out in 20 sites beset with different types of soil, using AlphaGuard radon monitor. Grain size analysis of the collected soil samples were performed, moisture content and soil porosity were determined. The grain size analysis revealed that the soils belong to gravelly sand and muddy sand category. The results showed that the study area is characterized by low levels of outdoor radon concentration with a mean value of 9 Bq/m3, and the low radon exhalation rates range from 2.84 to 18.16 mBq/m2s with a mean value of 9.70 mBq/m2s. Correlation of studies show that radon exhalation rate is influenced by the soil type, moisture content, compaction and effective porosity. The relatively high exhalation rates were recorded in the dry, friable gravelly sand soil, while the lower values were recorded in the wet, compacted muddy sand soil.
Multi-Dimensional Predictors of HIV PrEP Knowledge, Acceptability and HIV Testing Among Adolescents and Young Adult Men in Ghana: Evidence from the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Odii Ikenna Obasi , Chipalo Edson
Published: April 2024

Background
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) face structural, social, biological, behavioral, and psychological barriers, making them susceptible to new HIV infections due to high-risk behaviors. Research on sexuality and HIV prevention among AYAs in Ghana is severely lacking despite recent progress in HIV prevention efforts and low generalized HIV levels, highlighting significant empirical knowledge gaps, particularly regarding HIV PrEP knowledge and testing among AYA males aged 15–24 years.
Methods
The men’s dataset of the 2022 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (n = 2,453) were utilized for this study. Descriptive characteristics were summarized using frequencies and proportions. Three sets of multivariate logistic regression models examined the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Results
Findings reveal that among young men aged 15–24 years in Ghana, only 15.3% had knowledge of PrEP, with a low acceptability rate of 32.1%, while merely 8.5% had undergone HIV testing, despite a 49% rate of sexual activity. Significant associations existed between socio-demographic factors such as region (Volta, Eastern, Western North, Bono East), being widowed/separated/divorced, and having a higher education, and HIV PrEP knowledge; while being from Central region, ages 20–24 years, having secondary or higher education and being sexually active were also significantly associated with HIV testing. No statistical significance was found between HIV PrEP acceptability, and socio-demographic factors. The logistic regression results suggests that there were higher odds of HIV PrEP knowledge, HIV PrEP acceptability, and HIV testing among the AYA male population from the Volta, Eastern, Western, Bono, and North East regions, coupled with the widowed/separated/divorced, and the participants with a higher education.
Conclusion
Region, marital status, employment status, religion, and recent sexual activity are universal predictors of HIV PrEP knowledge, HIV PrEP acceptability, and HIV testing among the AYA population in Ghana; whereas having a higher education is a sole strongly significant predictor of both HIV PrEP knowledge and HIV testing respectively. AYA men remain a key population of focus in achieving the global targets of reducing new HIV infections in Ghana, therefore existing HIV prevention efforts should be intensified using these empirically significant multi-dimensional predictors as a useful guide.
Stability analysis of trapping Bose Gas with quintic Gross-Pitaevskii equation in Tonks-Girardeau regimes
Authors: Sasireka S. , Lekeufack O. T. , Uthayakumar A. , Sabari S.
Published: April 2024

We investigate the stability aspects of quintic Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation with the presence and absence of external trapping potential for a Bose Gas (BG) in both the Tonks-Girardeau (TG) and the super Tonks-Girardeau (sTG) regimes. For this purpose, we compute both analytically and numerically a pure quintic GP equation with the presence of the scattering lengths. Using the time-dependent variational approach, we derive the equations of motion and effective potential of the system for both cases. Through the effective potential, we discuss the stability properties of pure quintic GP equation and obtain the modulational instability condition of BECs. The variational results are verified by means of the direct numerical simulations using split-step Crank-Nicolson method and the observed results are in agreement with the analytical predictions.
New evidence on the spread in Catalonia of the invasive longhorn beetle, Xylotrechus chinensis, and the efficacy of abamectin control
Authors: Monteys Victor Sarto i , Savin Ivan , Tutusaus Glòria Torras , Balsach Mònica Bedòs
Published: April 2024

The invasive wasp-mimicking Tiger Longicorn Beetle, Xylotrechus chinensis, a potentially lethal pest of mulberry trees (Moraceae: Morus), was first reported in Europe in 2018. In Catalonia its spread has been impressive: one district, four towns, 44 km2 in February 2018; four districts, 12 towns, 378 km2 in July 2020; seven districts, 65 towns, 1,134 km2 in December 2023. It is likely the infestation will spread further in the future, specially along the Mediterranean coast from Spain to Greece.
The flight period of this beetle in Mediterranean countries is expanding on both ends (from the end of April to the end of October), probably due to increasing temperatures because of climate change. The adult beetle life span is 18-23 days in insectaria, likely somewhat shorter in the wild.
The single treatment with abamectin carried out in a Catalonian town in June 2022 on a sample of 24 trees (12 treated, 12 untreated) has been effective in reducing the infestation of this beetle in relation to untreated trees. But the reduction was not complete since new emergence holes appeared during the summer of the following year. Therefore, a reinforcing treatment carried out during the first ten days of October is recommended to control this pest. Also, to get satisfactory mulberry trees protection, treatments should be repeated during a few consecutive years. Yearly re-infestations from untreated public and/or private mulberry trees are also a concern and make short-term control of this pest difficult, no doubt accounting for the rapid spread of this beetle.