bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The size of the problem with the problem of sizing: How clothing measurement systems have misrepresented women’s bodies, from the 1920s to today
Authors: Hackett Lisa J. , Rall Denise N.
Published: October 2018

Clothing size works as an arbiter of the body ideal. The level of complexity required of clothing measurement systems centres on the problem that clothing must fit closely to the body, whereas manufactured products, like a chair, can be designed to suit a wide range of people, clothing has, by its very nature, less ability to be flexible. Clothing size systems should be developed after undertaking anthropometric surveys of the population and using statistical analysis to construct a set of reasonable standards. Here we argue that social factors in lifestyle, demographics and consumption have radically altered women’s body size and shape. Yet, systems in Australia, the United States and the United Kingdom have measured only a tiny per cent of the female population that fall within a vanity-size shape, as reflected in the marketing of clothing by global brands and high fashion houses, resulting in the size zero debates. This review of the chequered history of women’s clothing size systems has resulted in the inconsistent sizing in the marketplace, as well as a structural unsuitability for the women’s bodies for whom the clothing was designed. Recently, the challenge to ad hoc or vanity-sizing systems appears in social media forums from women who pioneer as models wearing ‘plus sized’ or rather, ‘right sized’ fashionable garments. Social media offers a platform to represent larger women via online access, to purchase right sized fashion and to view themselves no longer as outliers, as this fresh perspective informs contemporary social images of the female body.
Theda Bara and her style: The vamp’s influence on fashion (1915–25)
Authors: Bigham Randy Bryan , Midkiff DeBauche Leslie
Published: October 2018

In January, 1915 Theda Bara slinked onto movie screens; her femme fatale character became known as the vampire or ‘vamp’. Typecast from the start with a lethal sexuality, Bara emerged a star almost immediately, but she was also the object of parody. Our essay is based on sources previously untapped with regard to Theda Bara’s style, including Women’s Wear Daily, and the archives of designers including Lucile (Lady Duff Gordon).

Fashion designers, merchandisers and publicists exploited the fictional character and the woman who played her to convey an identity of uber-chic through clinging skirts, deep necklines, drop waists and other features that became known as ‘vamp’ or ‘Theda Bara’ styles. As top designers co-opted the vamp, they transformed her outré costumes into tasteful, though still sultry, party frocks, and as some dressed Bara herself, they conventionalized her, too.

Throughout the United States women of nearly every age group and social class incorporated the vamp into their fashion vernacular. Theda Bara became both style motif and slang. And as many women referenced and re-enacted the star in their own wardrobes, they acknowledged the gender norms the vamp ­defied, but also, functionally, nudged those ideological boundaries.
Hubungan Faktor Sosioekonomi dengan Perawakan Pendek Anak Usia 24-60 Bulan
Authors: Agustian Yogi , Rusmil Kusnandi , Solek Purboyo
Published: October 2018

Latar belakang. Perawakan pendek merupakan salah satu indikator kesehatan anak yang dipengaruhi berbagai faktor, salah satunya sosioekonomi. Faktor sosioekonomi di antaranya pendidikan, pekerjaan, penghasilan, jumlah anak kurang dari 5 tahun, dan interval usia dengan anak sebelumnya.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan status sosioekonomi dengan perawakan pendek.Metode. Studi potong lintang dilakukan pada anak usia 24–60 bulan yang datang ke Puskesmas Sukajadi dan Tempat Penitipan Anak Bunda Ganesa pada bulan Mei 2018. Sampel dipilih secara proporsional random sampling. Tinggi badan anak diperiksa dan diambil data status sosioekonomi. Analisis statistik menggunakan Chi kuadrat dan analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik.Hasil. Seratus tiga puluh tiga anak terdiri dari 77 anak dari Puskesmas Sukajadi dan 56 anak dari Bunda Ganesa. Prevalensi perawakan pendek di Puskesmas Sukajadi 40,3%, sedangkan di Bunda Ganesa 16,1%. Tempat penelitian, pendidikan orang tua, berat badan menurut usia, pekerjaan ayah dan pendapatan keluarga memiliki hubungan bermakna dengan perawakan pendek. Analisis multivariat ayah pendidikan menengah dan rendah, serta berat badan menurut usia yang abnormal merupakan risiko perawakan pendek. Sementara anak yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif berisiko lebih rendah.Kesimpulan. Prevalensi perawakan pendek lebih besar pada anak dari keluarga sosioekonomi menengah kebawah. Pendidikan ayah dan ibu, berat badan menurut usia, pekerjaan ayah dan pendapatan keluarga memiliki hubungan yang bermakna terhadap perawakan pendek.
Hiperbilirubinemia pada neonatus >35 minggu di Indonesia; pemeriksaan dan tatalaksana terkini
Authors: Rohsiswatmo Rinawati , Amandito Radhian
Published: October 2018

Pada bayi baru lahir terjadi kenaikan fisiologis kadar bilirubin dan 60% bayi >35 minggu akan terlihat ikterik. Namun, 3%-5% dari kejadian ikterik tersebut tidaklah fisiologis dan berisiko untuk terjadinya kerusakan neurologis bahkan kematian. Sebagai pencegahan hiperbilirubinemia berat yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan neurologis, pemeriksaan bilirubin telah menjadi rekomendasi universal bayi baru lahir yang terlihat kuning. Semakin tinggi perhatian klinisi untuk pencegahan kernikterus, semakin rendah insidensinya. Indonesia menghadapi masalah overtreatment di perkotaan, dan undertreatment di daerah terpencil. Masalah overtreatment ini dapat menyebabkan kecemasan ibu, waktu menyusui anak ke ibu berkurang, serta tidak memungkiri peningkatan biaya yang harus ditanggung. American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) telah menyusun algoritma dan kurva untuk menyesuaikan tata laksana bayi baru lahir dengan hiperbilirubinemia. Kurva ini mengarahkan klinisi untuk melakukan pengukuran kadar bilirubin dengan cara yang memungkinkan untuk masing-masing fasilitas kesehatan. Pada kenyataannya, masih ada fasilitas kesehatan yang belum memiliki sarana yang memadai untuk pemeriksaan kadar bilirubin maupun terapi sinar. Saat ini ditemukan beberapa penemuan baru, seperti Bilistick, sebagai alat pemeriksaan bilirubin yang kurang invasif dan penggunaan filter atau film untuk menangani hiperbilirubinemia ringan dengan sinar matahari. Penemuan baru inilah yang diharapkan dapat membantu negara berkembang, seperti Indonesia dan lainnya, dalam tata laksana hiperbilirubinemia pada bayi baru lahir.
Uji Diagnostik CD64 Netrofil untuk Sepsis pada Anak dengan Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: Herlina Herlina , Mayetti Mayetti , Yetti Husna
Published: October 2018

Latar belakang. Sepsis merupakan salah satu penyebab utama mortalitas dan morbiditas pada anak. Diagnosis dini sepsis sangat penting untuk menghindari keterlambatan atau overtreatment pemberian antibiotik. Kultur darah memerlukan waktu yang lama sehingga dibutuhkan suatu marker yang bisa menentukan diagnosis sepsis secara dini. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan CD64 netrofil sebagai salah satu marker untuk deteksi dini sepsis.Metode. Penelitian cross sectional dilakukan di IGD RS Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Dilakukan pemeriksaan index CD64 netrofil dan kultur bakteri darah sebagai baku emas pada anak dengan systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Analisis stastistik dilakukan untuk menetapkan cut off point index CD64 netrofil untuk diagnosis sepsis.Hasil. Rerata index CD64 netrofil lebih tinggi pada kultur bakteri darah yang positif. CD64 netrofil memiliki sensitivitas 95,8%, spesifisitas 81,6%, nilai prediksi positif 76,7%, dan nilai prediksi negatif 96,9% dengan penetapan cut-off point 1,5. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan nilai cut off point 1,49.Kesimpulan. Indeks CD64 netrofil dapat digunakan sebagai parameter diagnostik pada sepsis. Nilai cut-off point index CD64 netrofil yang direkomendasikan sebagai batasan sepsis pada anak dengan SIRS adalah 1,49 atau 1,5.
Serum Cystatin C dan Kreatinin dalam Mendiagnosis Gangguan Ginjal Akut pada Anak Sakit Kritis
Authors: Permatasari Pratita Jati , Pabuti Aumas , Yerizel Eti , Amelin Fitrisia
Published: October 2018

Latar belakang. Gangguan ginjal akut (GgGA) berhubungan dengan mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi di antara anak sakit kritis. Cystatin C adalah protease inhibitor yang menurut beberapa penelitian merupakan biomarker yang baik untuk mendeteksi gangguan ginjal akut pada anak sakit kritis.Tujuan. Mengetahui sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai prediksi positif, dan nilai prediksi negatif cystatin C serum dan kreatinin serum dalam mendiagnosis gangguan ginjal akut pada anak sakit kritis.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang pada 70 subjek di HCU dan PICU RSUP. Dr. M. Djamil Padang dari Mei 2017 – Juni 2017. Subjek penelitian laki-laki 55,71%, median usia 16,50 bulan. Subjek dipilih dengan teknik konsekutif. Dilakukan pemeriksaan cystatin C serum dengan ELISA dan kreatinin dengan kolorimetrik. Baku emas menggunakan estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus berdasarkan formula Schwartz. Gangguan ginjal akut terjadi bila terjadi penurunan laju filtrasi glomerulus minimal 25% berdasarkan kriteria pRIFLE. Kurva receiver operating characteristic (ROC) digunakan untuk menilai cystatin C dan kreatinin dalam mendiagnosis GgGA.Hasil. Rerata cystatin C dan kreatinin serum pada GgGA 0,88±0,14 mg/L, 1,13±0,59 mg/dL berturut-turut. Tiga puluh tujuh pasien didiagnosis GgGA. Cut off point cystatin C serum 0,56 mg/L, sensitivitas 85,19%, spesifisitas 60,47%, nilai prediksi positif 57,50%, nilai prediksi negatif 13,33%. Cut off point kreatinin serum 0,95 mg/dL, sensitivitas 51,85%, spesifisitas 100%, nilai prediksi positif 100%, nilai prediksi negatif 23,21%.Kesimpulan. Cystatin C serum sensitif untuk mendiagnosis GgGA tetapi kurang spesifik.
Teachers’ organizational and professional socialization: The case of Ankara
Authors: Balcı Ali , Karabulut Nuriye , Gürses Kürçe Sevgi , Ernas Sevgi
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this study is to reveal the professional and organizational socialization experiences of elementary school teachers of Ankara Province. The study was conducted through phenomenological design and the data, based on descriptive and content analysis, collected through a semi-structured interview form. The participants comprised of five public and five private elementary school teachers, having at least five years of professional experience were selected through “maximum variation” and “criterion” sampling methods. The finding of study revealed that before starting their job, the teachers had optimistic expectations such as school administrations’ providing guidance, cooperative colleagues, ambitious students and supportive parents. In the entry stage of socialization, teachers have reality shock. In adaptation of teachers to their profession and the school, colleague responses are prominent as well as individual activities. In metamorphosis stage, private schools exert more efforts than public schools do in their adaption. The participants suggest that MoNE should assign suitable councelling teachers and develop the control mechanism for more effective socialization process. In light of the findings, internet-based programs should be developed to provide materials and to have e-courses. For colleague interaction, systems such as mentoring and coaching should be actively implemented.
Estudo do sabão de óleo de mamona (Ricinus communis) como inibidor de corrosão em fluido salino
Authors: Santana Tamires Silva , Lima Elys Neres , Wanderley Neto Alcides Oliveira , Da Silva Gabriel Francisco , Silva Maria Susana
Published: October 2018

A corrosão é um processo de deterioração de material metálico, ocorrendo mais comumente em meios aquosos em presença de eletrólitos, à exemplo da água produzida juntamente com petróleo que em contato com a superfície dos oleodutos geram corrosão. De forma a evitar que esse processo ocorra, inibidores de corrosão podem ser utilizados, aumentando a vida útil dos oleodutos. No presente trabalho foi obtido um tensoativo a partir de óleo vegetal, o óleo da mamona saponificado (OMS), que foi avaliado quanto à capacidade de inibição da corrosão frente ao aço carbono. O óleo de mamona foi saponificado a partir do valor calculado do índice de saponificação (IS) e caracterizado pelo índice de acidez (IA). A eficiência de inibição à corrosão foi avaliada pela técnica de voltametria de varredura linear, pelo método de resistência à polarização onde é possível avaliar a eficiência de um composto frente à corrosão gerada pela intensidade de corrente das reações de corrosão. Dessa forma, o OMS foi obtido e avaliado como inibidor de corrosão do aço carbono em fluido salino contendo NaCl 3,5%. O resultado obtido para o índice de acidez foi de 0,119, garantindo assim a qualidade do óleo, o índice de saponificação obtido foi de 161,73 g KOH/g, um pouco abaixo da literatura porém satisfatório. A polarização linear comprovou ação inibitória do óleo de mamona saponificado em meio salino uma vez que ocorreu decréscimo da corrente de corrosão e deslocamento do potencial de corrosão para valores mais positivos, com eficiência máxima de 89,6%.
Isolamento e seleção de microrganismos produtores de lipase e otimização da produção enzimática
Authors: Garrido João Víctor Maia Leite , Bispo Diego Fonseca , Silva Cristina Ferraz
Published: October 2018

Lipases são enzimas de grande interesse comercial, pois são versáteis e atuam em vários ramos da indústria química, destacando as indústrias têxtil, alimentícia e de detergentes. As lipases também representam uma forma de tornar a produção industrial mais limpa, com atuações na obtenção de biodiesel ou tratamento de efluentes gordurosos. Dentre as diferentes vias de obtenção de enzimas lipolíticas, a via microbiana é a forma mais utilizada industrialmente. Tendo em vista a importância industrial da enzima, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o isolamento e seleção de microrganismos produtores de lipases, bem como a otimização de sua produção através de fermentação submersa. Foram isoladas 12 cepas selvagens, dentre as quais três delas apresentaram destaque em análise qualitativa de produção de lipases. Uma dessas cepas foi selecionada para a realização de ensaios com base em um Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR) 2³ a fim de otimizar sua atividade enzimática. As variáveis analisadas no DCCR foram concentração de extrato de levedura, concentração de óleo de soja e porcentagem de farelo de soja (m/v). Após 24 h de incubação a 370°C e 160 rpm em shaker, foi possível determinar a melhor produção em 0,19 U, nas condições de 20 g.L-1 de óleo de soja, 25 g.L-1 de extrato de levedura e 40% m/v do extrato de farelo de soja. Através do DCCR foi possível determinar a região de tendência para a obtenção da otimização da produção de lipase para a cepa selecionada, considerando uma região de confiança de 95% e R² = 0,8.
Evaluation of the removal of total phosphorus from sanitary effluent by Chlorella vulgaris in a small batch photobioreactor
Authors: Pereira Juliana Cabral , Nascimento Amanda Isabelly Leite Figueiredo , Carvalho Yasmin Oliveira , Silva Cristina Ferraz
Published: October 2018

The search of the scientific community for efficient and cheap technologies for the treatment of wastewater in Brazil continues being a challenge, mainly in the effort to encourage the government, responsible for the application and proliferation of these technologies. The release of contaminated effluent without treatment in the aquatic bodies leads to the degradation of these environments, what requires the reuse of these waters, facing environmental sustainability. In this context, microalgae establish a promising alternative, once the main attribute of algae culture in wastewater is its ability to efficiently assimilate organic carbon and inorganic nutrients from wastewater to achieve a clean effluent with efficient nutrient removal, besides a biomass production, accumulation of lipids, which can be converted into biodiesel. Assuming the important role of photosynthetic CO2 fixation, which helps to mitigate the alarming effects of the release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the capacity of the microalga Chlorela vulgaris in the removal of phosphorus from the sanitary sewage collected at the effluent treatment plant at Federal University of Sergipe using a small batch reactor. The results showed that the species Chlorella vulgaris were able to assimilate phosphorus and to remove organic matter (Chemical Oxygen Demand, COD) from the effluent. The results showed that photobioreactors using microalgae for the treatment of effluents is a promising technique and motivate additional studies, mainly due to their capability of adding value to the biomass generated during the treatment.
Perfil de produção de etanol e trealose em Saccharomyces cerevisiae cultivadas em mosto a base de caldo de cana
Authors: Santos Ane Francielly da Silva , Mascarenhas Santos Maria do Socorro , Maia Franksteffen Silva , Cardoso Claudia Andrea Lima , Batistote Margareth
Published: October 2018

No processo fermentativo as leveduras são expostas a diversos fatores de estresse e, para manter a sua capacidade fermentativa estes microrganismos precisam adaptar-se às mudanças ambientais que ocorrem durante o processo produtivo. Estas adaptações podem refletir em alterações das rotas bioquímicas e, assim, determinar a quantidade dos metabólitos celulares produzidos. Neste sentido, este estudo visa quantificar o perfil de acúmulo de trealose e etanol em linhagens industriais de Saccharomyces cerevisiae submetidas a diferentes condições de fermentação. Foi utilizado o meio YPSAC 5% para obter aa biomassa celular. Para a avaliação da concentração de etanol e acúmulo de trealose, foi utilizado o mosto na concentração de 15 °Brix nas temperaturas de 30 e 40°C. A levedura Fleischmann, apresentou o maior acúmulo, de 100 nmoles de trealose/mg de células seca, em 10 horas a 30°C em relação às demais leveduras analisadas. A 40 °C, as leveduras apresentaram um acúmulo gradativo de trealose ao longo dos tempos de fermentação. Quanto à concentração de etanol a levedura Fleischmann apresentou a maior concentração de etanol de 9,0% (v/v) em 20 horas de fermentação a 30°C.  A Catanduva-1 apresentou 13,8% (v/v) de etanol em 40 horas a 30°C e a Red Star 10% (v/v) nos tempos de 10 e 20 horas de fermentação a 30°C. As maiores alterações da produção de metabólitos foram observadas para as leveduras Catanduva-1 e Red Star, com um acúmulo gradativo de trealose nos tempos analisados e perda de etanol no tempo de 40 horas de fermentação à temperatura de 40°C.
Produção de propágulos micorrízicos em sorgo e/ou em braquiária
Authors: Lopes Lázara Jossikarla de Oliveira , Santos Gabrieli Menezes dos , Santos Jessica Silva , Santos Jacilene Francisca Souza , Mendonça Johny de Jesus , Fagundes Jailson Lara , Marino Regina Helena
Published: October 2018

Os fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) são micro-organismos endofíticos capazes de promover o crescimento de plantas de interesse econômico a depender da interação microbiana com a planta, mas poucos são os trabalhos relacionados com a produção de inoculantes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de propágulos micorrízicos em cultivo sucessivo e/ou rotacionado em sorgo e em braquiária, sem o uso de estimuladores químicos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente ao acaso em parcelas subdivididas, cujas parcelas foram os tratamentos (três isolados de FMAs: UFLA351 - Rhizoglomus clarum, UFLA372 - Claroideoglomus etunicatum e UFLA401 - Acaulospora morrowiae) e as subparcelas os cultivos sucessivos em sorgo/braquiária e rotacional em braquiária, com quatro repetições. O cultivo sucessivo em sorgo ou em braquiária estimula a produção de esporos micorrízicos de R. clarum, C. etunicatum e A. morrowiae. A rotação de cultura sorgo-braquiária não garante incremento na esporulação, a depender do isolado micorrízico. A produção de vesículas e de arbúsculos depende da interação do fungo com a espécie de planta e não apenas da estação do ano. As vesículas podem aumentar a produção de esporos micorrízicos, a depender da interação FMA x planta e da época do ano.
Distribuição dos tubérculos de Tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) no perfil do solo e suas implicações para a conversão para agricultura orgânica de hortas urbanas
Authors: Khatounian Carlos Armênio , Oliveira Daniel Azevedo Mendes , Ferreira Tauan Manieri , Dupre Marie , Merianne Helene
Published: October 2018

A planta daninha Tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) constitui-se um dos maiores entraves para a conversão de hortas para o sistema orgânico de produção, devido principalmente à existência de estruturas subterrâneas e elevada taxa reprodutiva de forma vegetativa. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a localização e distribuição dos tubérculos de C. rotundus no perfil do solo em hortas urbanas no município de Piracicaba, SP, buscando subsídios para a conversão das hortas para sistema orgânico de produção. O trabalho foi realizado em dez hortas situadas dentro da área urbana. Foi utilizado uma área de 0,25m² para retirar todo o solo do local e retirados os tubérculos de tiririca nas profundidades de 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm e 20-30 cm ou até atingir uma profundidade sem a presença de tubérculos. Os tubérculos de cada profundidade foram separados e pesados. Foi constatado que, em média, 77% dos tubérculos estavam localizados na profundidade de 0-10 cm, 22% na profundidade de 10-20 cm e 1% na profundidade de 20-30 cm. Apesar de percentualmente poucos tubérculos estarem em profundidade, estes podem garantir o repovoamento da planta daninha vegetativamente.
RAFİNE BİTKİSEL YAĞLARDA 3-MCPD VE GE RİSKİ: YAPISI, OLUŞUM MEKANİZMASI, YASAL DÜZENLEMELERİ VE AZALTILMA YÖNTEMLERİ
Authors: SEVİNDİRİCİ Gizem , Özdikicierler Onur , YEMİŞÇİOĞLU Fahri
Published: October 2018

3-monokloropropan 1,2-diol (3-MCPD) ve glisidil
bileşenleri proses esnasında oluşan gıda kaynaklı kontaminantlardandır.
Uluslararası Kanser Araştırma Ajansı (IARC) tarafından 3-MCPD karsinojen (grup
2B); glisidil ise genotoksik karsinojen (grup 2A) olarak tanımlanmaktadır.
3-MCPD ve glisidil bileşenleri; asitle hidrolize edilmiş sebze proteinleri,
soya sosları, bebek mamaları, kızarmış patates ve benzeri atıştırmalık gıdalar,
kahve gibi çeşitli gıda gruplarında bulunmaktadır. Rafine bitkisel yağlar
birçok farklı gıda grubunun önemli bir bileşeni olmalarından dolayı 3-MCPD ve
GE varlığı açısından en riskli ürün gruplarından biridir. Rafinasyon işlemi
sırasında yüksek sıcaklıkta işlem gören yağlarda 3-MCPD ve GE oluşabilmektedir.
Sağlık üzerine etkileri düşünüldüğünde, 3-MCPD ve GE’nin azaltılması önemli bir
çalışma konusu haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada kontaminantların kimyasal yapısı,
oluşum mekanizması, sağlık üzerine etkileri, yasal düzenlemeler ve
azaltılmasına yönelik yapılan çalışmalar incelenmiştir.
Mif deficiency promotes adiposity in fructose-fed mice
Authors: Gligorovska Ljupka , Bursać Biljana , Kovačević Sanja , Veličković Nataša , Matić Gordana , Djordjevic Ana
Published: October 2018

The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in inflammation, regulation of energy metabolism and glucocorticoid action. Chronic low-grade inflammation may be caused by fructose intake, contributing to visceral adipose tissue (VAT) dysfunction. Since MIF is a known antagonist of glucocorticoid signaling, and deregulated glucocorticoid signaling can contribute to lipid metabolism disturbances, we hypothesized that altered MIF signaling might underlie fructose-induced adiposity through glucocorticoid action. We analyzed physiological and biochemical parameters, adipose tissue histology, insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in WT and MIF−/−C57Bl/6J mice consuming 20% fructose solution for 9 weeks. Glucocorticoid prereceptor metabolism and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) protein level were examined in VAT, together with the expression of glucocorticoid-target genes involved in lipid metabolism. The expression of adipogenic and lipogenic transcriptional regulators peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) was also assessed. Results showed disturbed insulin sensitivity in all MIF−/−mice, regardless of the diet. Mice on fructose diet had increased energy intake, but increased visceral adiposity and enlarged adipocytes were observed only in fructose-fed MIF−/−mice. Increased VAT corticosterone level and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1, hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and GR protein levels were observed in the same animals, together with induced expression of examined lipogenic genes and accumulation of PPARG and SREBP1c. In conclusion, the results showed that dietary fructose was associated with increased visceral adiposity through activation of GR-regulated lipogenic genes, but only in the absence of MIF, which set the state of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.
Role of GPER in the anterior pituitary gland focusing on lactotroph function
Authors: Camilletti María Andrea , Abeledo-Machado Alejandra , Ferraris Jimena , Pérez Pablo A , Faraoni Erika Y , Pisera Daniel , Gutierrez Silvina , Díaz-Torga Graciela
Published: October 2018

Ovarian steroids control a variety of physiological functions. They exert actions through classical nuclear steroid receptors, but rapid non-genomic actions through specific membrane steroid receptors have been also described. In this study, we demonstrate that the G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) is expressed in the rat pituitary gland and, at a high level, in the lactotroph population. Our results revealed that ~40% of the anterior pituitary cells are GPER positive and ~35% of the lactotrophs are GPER positive. By immunocytochemical and immuno-electron-microscopy studies, we demonstrated that GPER is localized in the plasmatic membrane but is also associated to the endoplasmic reticulum in rat lactotrophs. Moreover, we found that localGperexpression is regulated negatively by 17β-estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) and fluctuates during the estrus cycle, being minimal in proestrus. Interestingly, lack of ovarian steroids after an ovariectomy (OVX) significantly increased pituitary GPER expression specifically in the three morphologically different subtypes of lactotrophs. We found a rapid estradiol stimulatory effect on PRL secretion mediated by GPER, bothin vitroandex vivo, using a GPER agonist G1, and this effect was prevented by the GPER antagonist G36, demonstrating a novel role for this receptor. Then, the increased pituitary GPER expression after OVX could lead to alterations in the pituitary function as all three lactotroph subtypes are target of GPER ligand and could be involved in the PRL secretion mediated by GPER. Therefore, it should be taken into consideration in the response of the gland to an eventual hormone replacement therapy.
Sertoli-immature spermatids disengagement during testis regression in the armadillo
Authors: Merico Valeria , Luaces Juan Pablo , Rossi Luis F. , Rebuzzini Paola , Merani Maria Susana , Zuccotti Maurizio , Garagna Silvia
Published: October 2018

In Nature, mammalian seasonal breeders undergo spermatogenetic arrest during the non-breeding season. In the large hairy armadillo Chaetophractus villosus, testis regression initiates with immature post-meiotic germ cells sloughing into the tubule lumen and continues with the death of the remaining spermatocytes. At the end of the regression period, only spermatogonia and Sertoli cells persist in the seminiferous epithelium. It has been suggested that cell sloughing is determined by changes in the adhesion complexes between Sertoli cells and spermatids, which are mediated by low intra-testicular testosterone levels.

By immunofluorescence and western blotting we studied key proteins of the N-cadherin/N-cadherin and α6β1-integrin/laminin interlocks that contribute to the complex Sertoli/spermatid adhesion system throughout the eight stages of the seminiferous epithelium cycle in the comparison between active and regressing testes. In active testis, β1-integrin, Laminin G3, N-cadherin, β-catenin, P-β-catenin-Tyr654, FAK, P-FAK-Tyr397, Src, P-Src-Tyr416 proteins present a spermatogenetic cycle-dependent localization pattern, unmaintained in regressing testes. In the latter, quantitative variations and changes in the phosphorylation state of protein FAK, Src, and β-catenin contribute to the disassembly of the N-cadherin/N-cadherin and α6β1-integrin/laminin interlocks, thus promoting the massive release of immature spermatids.
Versican V1 in human endometrial epithelial cells promotes BeWo spheroid adhesion in vitro
Authors: Miyazaki Yumiko , Horie Akihito , Tani Hirohiko , Ueda Masashi , Okunomiya Asuka , Suginami Koh , Kondoh Eiji , Baba Tsukasa , Konishi Ikuo , Shinomura Tamayuki , Sato Yukiyasu
Published: October 2018

The endometrium extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for embryo implantation. Versican, a large chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that binds hyaluronan and forms large ECM aggregates, can influence fundamental physiological phenomena, such as cell proliferation, adhesion and migration. The present study investigated the possible role of versican in human embryo implantation. Versican V1 expression and secretion in human endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) was most prominent in the mid-secretory phase. Versican expression in EECs significantly increased after treatment with estrogen and progesterone, but not by estrogen alone. We also established versican V1-overexpressing Ishikawa (endometrial cancer cell line) cells (ISKW-V1), versican V3-overexpressing (ISKW-V3) and control GFP-overexpressing (ISKW-GFP) Ishikawa cells. By the in vitro implantation model, the attachment ratio of BeWo (choriocarcinoma cell line) spheroids to the monolayer of ISKW-V1, but not of ISKW-V3, was found significantly enhanced compared with attachment to the ISKW-GFP monolayer. The conditioned medium derived from ISKW-V1 (V1-CM) also promoted the attachment of BeWo spheroids to the ISKW monolayer. However, this attachment-promoting effect was abolished when V1-CM was pretreated with chondroitinase ABC, which degrades chondroitin sulfate. Therefore, out of the ECM components, versican V1 may facilitate human embryo implantation.
La evaluación en la tradición educativa colombiana. Instrumento de clasificación social
Authors: Ortiz José Guillermo , Buitrago Hernán
Published: October 2018

La evaluación es la punta de lanza de la calidad de la educación. El éxito educativo se mide por medio de pruebas nacionales e internacionales que aportan un valor a ciertos indicadores que son asumidos como manifestaciones de competencias desarrolladas en los educandos. La evaluación puede ser pensada en términos de su finalidad. Es un instrumento de poder que permite clasificar y seleccionar socialmente a quienes en una visión darwinista son los más aptos en un determinado modelo de persona educada para los fines que persigan quienes ejercen el poder a nivel institucional y privado. La evaluación es parte transversal de la educación y un medio para el desarrollo de autonomía.
El feminismo: Alfonsina Storni
Authors: Rengifo Castillo Yessika María , Sanjuas Héctor José
Published: October 2018

El feminismo se instaura como un movimiento social que establece la desigualdad, y la discriminación, hacia las mujeres en una sociedad de patriarcado. Ese patriarcado se caracteriza por el dominio de lo masculino sobre lo femenino en aspectos como la razón, la fuerza, y la participación en el espacio público, que son consideradas vertientes superiores a las que solo pueden acceder los hombres. A consideración de los sentimientos, la debilidad, y la esfera doméstica, ejes que “caracterizan” a las mujeres. (Viejo, Cabezas & Martínez, 2013). Es decir, en ese sistema se posesionan dos líneas: lo masculino y lo femenino, que permea los campos políticos, sociales, económicos, y culturales, que determinan el accionar de hombres y mujeres.
Las TIC como herramientas cognitivas para la investigación
Authors: Aparicio Gómez Oscar Yecid , Ostos Ortiz Olga Lucía
Published: October 2018

El uso de las TIC como herramienta cognitiva aplicada a la investigación requiere un estudio de las mejores alternativas para que los estudiantes puedan disponer de estas amplificadoras de la mente, que estimulen el pensamiento crítico y puedan construir el conocimiento a través del aprendizaje colaborativo. Gros (2013) afirma que la tecnología tiene sentido para mejorar el aprendizaje siempre y cuando se parta de una perspectiva constructivista a través de experiencias basadas en la interacción social, la participación activa y los entornos complejos.
GANGGUAN BERBAHASA PADA ANAK DENGAN CIRI ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (ADHD)
Authors: Pujiati Tri , Yulianti Dien Mardiana
Published: October 2018

Abstract: Language disorders are often experienced by children, especially with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Using qualitative descriptive and case study methods, this study examines the language disorder or S-LI (Speech or Language Impairment) on Student X with ADHD. The results of the study show that (1) the language disorders which experienced by Student X are phonology and pragmatic. Phonological impairments are adding phonemes /ŋ/, phoneme omitted, and phoneme changed in some specific words. The pragmatic impairments are difficulties to communicate and to understand speech and most of the time Student X have miscommunication when he made a conversation; (2) language disorder that occurs in the Student X because he has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) traits and he was born on six month pregnancy (premature); and (3) Student X can be given speech therapy to provide special services such as peer tutors and learning models with repetitive reading techniques and appropriate speech pronunciation. Language disorder that experienced by Student X is a serious problem and should be solved immediately because it can affect the acquisition of other language skills. Moreover, Student X will be difficult to understand the lessons according to the curriculum in the school.Abstrak: Gangguan berbahasa sering dialami anak-anak, khususnya pada penderita Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dan studi kasus, penelitian ini mengkaji gangguan berbahasa atau S-LI (Speech or Language Impairment) pada Siswa X yang menderita ADHD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) gangguan bahasa yang dialami Siswa X adalah permasalahan fonologi dan pragmatik. Permasalahan bahasa pada tataran fonologi yang dialami oleh Siswa X, seperti pada penambahan fonem /ŋ/, penghilangan fonem, dan perubahan fonem pada kata-kata tertentu. Gangguan pragmatik yang dialami oleh Siswa X adalah kesulitan untuk berkomunikasi dan memahami ujaran dengan baik serta sering terjadi miskomunikasi pada saat berbicara; (2) gangguan berbahasa yang terjadi pada Siswa X karena ia memiliki ciri Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) dan terlahir prematur 6 bulan; dan (3) terapi wicara yang bisa diberikan kepada Siswa X adalah dengan memberikan layanan khusus berupa tutor sebaya dan model pembelajaran teknik membaca berulang-ulang serta pengucapan ujaran yang tepat. Gangguan berbahasa pada Siswa X merupakan masalah serius dan harus segera ditangani karena dapat berdampak pada penguasaan keterampilan berbahasa lainnya. Tidak hanya itu, Siswa X akan mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami pelajaran yang diberikan sesuai kurikulum di sekolah tersebut.  Kata Kunci: gangguan berbahasa; ADHD; fonologi; pragmatik; terapi wicara
A study of patient satisfaction level in inpatient spine department of a tertiary care multi-speciality hospital
Authors: Srivastava Narayani , Goel Shakti
Published: October 2018

Background: Patient satisfaction at spine surgery centers is a matter of concern. In specialized surgeries like spine, the satisfaction of a patient is not merely because of surgical outcomes but also empathy of doctor, rehabilitation programs and friendliness of the hospital.

Aims and Objectives: This study aims to investigate the prognosis and satisfaction level of patients/relatives operated with spinal surgery. This shall not only help the spinal hospitals to know the ways to improve the patient outcome but methods to provide better services.

Material and methods: The study was conducted by carrying out survey amongst 39 patients and their relatives at inpatient department of spine surgical unit by using structured questionnaire and analysing the data using SPSS software. The patients were examined before and after surgery and their VAS (Visual Analogue Score) and ODI (Oswestry Disability Index) were also documented. The SERVQUAL methodology was also studied to understand if it could be implemented in the study to understand better and make the study more conclusive.  

Results: The study composed of 39 individuals with an average age of 75.6 +-10.2 years.39 percent of the study group were females and 61 percent males. The ODI score in post-operative stage (18.97+_12.97) was significantly reduced as compared to pre-operative stage (76.66+-17.23) (p<0.05). The VAS score in post-operative stage (1.48 +-1.8) was also significantly reduced as compared to pre-operative stage ( 9.51 +- 0.22) (p<0.05). Ninety-Two percent people were satisfied with the housekeeping services while Ninety-Eight percentage were satisfied with the medical care provided. Ninety-five percentage of people were satisfied by the behaviour of staff and nurses. The nursing department, cleanliness and behaviour of the doctor satisfied 90 percent, 87 and 84.59 percent. The admission and reception satisfied only 66 percentage . The SERVQUAL study was not incorporated because the questionnaire designed through this methodology requires to be administrated by face to face interviews along with moderate to large sample size for statistical reliability.  

Conclusion: This study has clearly shown that satisfactory results are obtained after spine surgery. However, the  results are better when performed by a fellowship trained surgeon. Moreover, doctors who spend time in explaining the ailments and possible outcomes to the patients have more satisfactory results. A caring attitude of the staff and empathy in interaction makes a lot of difference in the success of the practice of a surgeon.
Validez de constructo y confiabilidad de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida, en escolares de zonas rurales y urbanas de Cundinamarca
Authors: Hernández Mateus Laura Vanessa , Salamanca Chacón Sergio Andrés , Umbarila Contréras Lina Isabel , Venegas Muñoz Carlos Francisco , Riveros Munévar Fernando
Published: October 2018

El objetivo del presente estudio de tipo instrumental fue determinar la validez de constructo y confiabilidad de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida, en escolares de zonas rurales y urbanas de Cundinamarca. Para ello, se contó con la participación de 258 escolares de la ciudad de Bogotá y de los municipios de Subachoque y Cógua, Cundinamarca, con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años (M = 15.03, DT = 1.219); se les aplicó la escala, llevando a cabo análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios, así como análisis de confiabilidad y consistencia interna. Los resultados muestran una escala unifactorial, que explica el 57.669% de la varianza total, con dicho modelo unifactorial confirmado, un alfa de Cronbach de .814, correlaciones positivas entre todos los reactivos y entre los ítems con el total de la escala, lo que permite afirmar que la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida cuenta con adecuados índices de validez y confiabilidad para ser utilizada como una medida en escolares de zonas rurales y urbanas de Cundinamarca.
Battlefield: Social Representations of Commercial Sex Work on Transvestite and Transsexual Females in Brazil
Authors: Caravaca Morera Jaime Alonso
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: Analizar las representaciones sociales del comercio sexual entre mujeres auto-identificadas como travestis y transexuales en Brasil. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo de naturaleza descriptivo-analítico que, utilizó el Paradigma Teórico de las Representaciones Sociales con abordaje estructural como Referencial Teórico. La muestra fue constituida por 100 mujeres auto-identificadas como travestis y transexuales en Santa Catarina/Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados de septiembre a diciembre de 2016, por medio de la utilización de un cuestionario auto-administrado que utilizó la técnica de asociación libre de palabras y, por medio de entrevistas semi-directivas. Resultados: A partir del análisis prototípico y de contenido se verificó que los elementos probables que formaron el núcleo central de la representación social fueron: violencia, drogas, riesgo, trabajo, tristeza, prejuicios y peligro. En el proceso de objetificación/objetivación de la prostitución, la imagen refleja un compaso entre sus itinerarios cotidianos en el campo de batalla y los sentimientos y vivencias de vulnerabilidad en los otros espacios institucionales de la sociedad. Conclusiones: la experiencia del comercio sexual de mujeres travestis y transexuales reveló cómo los elementos formadores de la representación social son cruciales en el proceso de legitimación, normatización y simplificación de sus identidades.
MODELOS DE ESTIMATIVA DA RADIAÇÃO FOTOSSINTETICAMENTE ATIVA GLOBAL E DIFUSA EM FUNÇÃO DA RADIAÇÃO DE ONDAS CURTAS E DO ÍNDICE DE CLARIDADE (Kt)
Authors: Gomes Eduardo Nardini , Escobedo João Francisco
Published: October 2018

MODELOS DE ESTIMATIVA DA RADIAÇÃO FOTOSSINTETICAMENTE ATIVA GLOBAL E DIFUSA EM FUNÇÃO DA RADIAÇÃO DE ONDAS CURTAS E DO ÍNDICE DE CLARIDADE (Kt)   Eduardo Nardini GomesJoão Francisco EscobedoDepartamento de Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CP 237, CEP 18603-970, Botucatu – SP, Fone: (0xx14) 6802-7162   1 RESUMO  O presente trabalho apresenta equações de estimativa da radiação fotossinteticamente ativa global () e difusa () em função das respectivas radiações global () e difusa () do espectro solar total, bem como a estimativa da fração PAR difusa da PAR global () em função do índice de transmissividade atmosférica ().A base de dados foi adquirida no período de 01/06/1999 a 31/09/2000 na Estação de Radiometria Solar da FCA-UNESP, Botucatu. Foram utilizados dados adicionais, diferentes dos utilizados na geração dos modelos, de forma a possibilitar uma validação adequada dos modelos propostos.   UNITERMOS: radiação fotossinteticamente ativa global e difusa, transmissividade atmosférica, modelos de estimativa da radiação solar.   GOMES, E.N., ESCOBEDO, J.F  MODELS FOR GLOBAL AND DIFFUSE PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION IN RELATION TO GLOBAL, DIFFUSE RADIATION  AND CLEARNESS INDEX.   2 SUMMARY  This work describes typical correlations between global solar radiation () and its global PAR component (), diffuse solar radiation () and its diffuse PAR component (), clearness index () and the diffuse PAR fraction of global PAR (). Database was recorded from June 1st 1999 to September 31st 2000 at the  Solar Radiometric Station, Botucatu, SP. Additional data which are not part of the model development were used to validate each  proposed model.  KEYWORDS: global and diffuse photosynthetically active radiation, clearness index, estimating models.
COEFICIENTES DE CULTURA DA CHICÓRIA (Cichorium endivia L.)
Authors: Sandanielo Aquiles , Lunardi Dalva Martinelli Cury
Published: October 2018

COEFICIENTES DE CULTURA DA CHICÓRIA (Cichorium endivia L.)  Aquiles SandanieloDepartamento de Solos e Engenharia Rural, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso,CEP 78060-900, Cuiabá – MT, Fone (0xx65) 615-8602Dalva Martinelli Cury LunardiDepartamento de Recursos Naturais, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista, CEP 18603-970, Botucatu – SP, E-mail: lunardi@fca.unesp.br   1 RESUMO  O conhecimento do coeficiente de cultura (Kc) permite a estimativa das necessidades hídricas de uma cultura, sendo fundamental para o manejo da irrigação. Nesta pesquisa, conduzida na área experimental do Departamento de Recursos Naturais da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – FCA/UNESP, Campus de Botucatu, utilizou-se, para medida da evapotranspiração da cultura (ETc), 4 evapotranspirômetros de nível freático constante. Desses, 2 foram cobertos com plástico transparente rente ao solo, a fim de se evitar a evaporação. A evapotranspiração de referência (ETo) foi estimada pelo método de Penman-Monteith, sendo o coeficiente de cultura da chicória (Cichorium endivia L.) dado pela relação: , em suas diversas fases de desenvolvimento. Os valores de (Kc) obtidos evidenciaram um comportamento crescente durante todo o período vegetativo, com a influência da cobertura plástica na fase inicial quando a evaporação do solo representa uma fração considerável da evapotranspiração  da cultura .  UNITERMOS: evapotranspiração, coeficiente de cultura, Cichorium endivia L.   SANDANIELO, A., LUNARDI, D.M.C. CROP COEFFICIENTS OFENDIVE (Cichorium endivia L.)   2 ABSTRACT  The crop coefficient (Kc) is very important for irrigation management programs. This research carried out at the experimental area of the Natural Resource Department of the Agricultural Science College – FCA/UNESP has used  4 constant level evapotranspirometers to determine crop evapotranspiration (ETc) and crop coefficient (Kc) of endive. The soil evaporation was obstructed by a transparent plastic cover over 2 of the evapotranspirometers. The reference evapotranspiration was estimated by Penman-Monteith method. The crop coefficient Kc, during all vegetative crop period was obtained by kc=ETc/Eto. The kc values increased from transplanting to harvest showing   influence of the plastic cover especially in the initial phase.  KEYWORDS: evapotranspiration, crop coefficient, Cichorium endivia L.