bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Data Completeness at US Federally Qualified Health Centers, 2020 and 2021
Authors: Liu Michael , King Dana , Mayer Kenneth H. , Grasso Chris , Keuroghlian Alex S.
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To assess the performance of US federally qualified health centers (FQHCs) after 6 years of required sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) data reporting and update estimated proportions of sexual and gender minorities cared for at FQHCs.

Methods. We conducted secondary analyses of data reported to the 2020 and 2021 Uniform Data System from 1297 FQHCs caring for nearly 30 000 000 patients annually. We used multivariable logistic regression to explore FQHC-level and patient-level factors associated with SOGI data completeness.

Results. SOGI data were missing for 29.1% and 24.0% of patients, respectively. Among patients with reported SOGI data, 3.5% identified as sexual minorities and 1.5% identified as gender minorities. Southern FQHCs and those caring for more low-income and Black patients were more likely to have above-average SOGI data completeness. Larger FQHCs were more likely to have below-average SOGI data completeness.

Conclusions. Substantial increases in SOGI data completeness at FQHCs over 6 years reflect the success of reporting mandates. Future research is needed to identify other patient-level and FQHC-level factors contributing to residual levels of SOGI data missingness. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(8):883–892. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307323 )
Self-Reported Barriers to Care Among Sexual and Gender Minority People With Disabilities: Findings From The PRIDE Study, 2019–2020
Authors: Lamba Shane , Obedin-Maliver Juno , Mayo Jonathan , Flentje Annesa , Lubensky Micah E. , Dastur Zubin , Lunn Mitchell R.
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To examine the associations of self-reported disability status with health care access barriers for sexual and gender minority (SGM) people.

Methods. The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study participants lived in the United States or its territories, completed the 2019 annual questionnaire (n = 4961), and self-reported their disability and health care access experiences, including whether they had a primary care provider, were uninsured, delayed care, and were unable to obtain care. We classified disabilities as physical, mental, intellectual, and other; compared participants to those without disabilities; and performed logistic regression to determine the associations of disability status and health care access barriers.

Results. SGM people with disabilities were less likely to have a usual place to seek health care (69.0% vs 75.3%; P ≤ .001) and more often reported being mistreated or disrespected as reasons to delay care (29.0% vs 10.2%; P ≤ .001). SGM people with disabilities were more likely to delay care (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.28; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.83, 3.81) and be unable to obtain care (AOR = 3.10; 95% CI = 2.59, 3.71).

Conclusions. Future work should address culturally competent health care to ameliorate disparities for the SGM disability community. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(9):1009–1018. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307333 )
Hospital-Based Community Gardens as a Strategic Partner in Addressing Community Health Needs
Authors: George Daniel R. , Ethridge Amy E.
Published: September 2023

As part of community health needs assessments, US nonprofit hospitals are identifying a high prevalence of chronic diseases associated with poor diets. Institutions have responded by establishing nutrition-related initiatives such as farmers’ markets and community gardens. There is public health value in demonstrating how these partnerships can help hospitals address identified community health needs. Here we describe diverse strategies undertaken by a hospital-based community garden at Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, explore implications for US hospitals, and provide implementation guidance. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(9):939–942. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307336 )
Benefits of Frequent HIV Testing in the THRIVE Demonstration Project: United States, 2015–2020
Authors: Kimball Anne A. , Zhu Weiming , Yu Lei , Tanner Mary R. , Iqbal Kashif , Dominguez Kenneth L. , Shankar Aparna , Drezner Kate , Musgrove Karen , Mayes Eric , Robinson William T. , Schumacher Christina , Delaney Kevin P. , Hoover Karen W. ,   the THRIVE Project Team
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To describe HIV testing among clients in the Targeted Highly Effective Interventions to Reverse the HIV Epidemic (THRIVE) demonstration project and evaluate testing frequency.

Methods. We identified factors associated with an average testing frequency of 180 days or less compared with more than 180 days using adjusted Poisson regression models. We performed the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis to compare time to diagnosis by testing frequency.

Results. Among 5710 clients with 2 or more tests and no preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) prescription, 42.4% were tested frequently. Black/African American clients were 21% less likely and Hispanic/Latino clients were 18% less likely to be tested frequently than were White clients. Among 71 Black/African American and Hispanic/Latino cisgender men who have sex with men and transgender women with HIV diagnoses, those with frequent testing had a median time to diagnosis of 137 days, with a diagnostic testing yield of 1.5% compared with those tested less frequently, with 559 days and 0.8% yield.

Conclusions. HIV testing at least every 6 months resulted in earlier HIV diagnosis and was efficient. Persons in communities with high rates of HIV who are not on PrEP can benefit from frequent testing, and collaborative community approaches may help reduce disparities. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(9):1019–1027. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307341 )
Communities at Risk for Mpox and Stigmatizing Policies: A Randomized Survey, Republic of Korea, 2022
Authors: Choi Yongjin , Fox Ashley M.
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To estimate the impact of communicating to the public that men who have sex with men (MSM) are most at risk for mpox on potential stigmatization and risk perception.

Methods. We conducted a survey experiment randomizing exposure to messages about mpox among a sample of the South Korean public (n = 1500) in July 2022. We randomized respondents to receive an informational message about mpox that was (1) a neutral informational message about mpox that did not highlight its origins or risk groups (control group), (2) a message explaining that the virus originated in Africa, or (3) a message emphasizing that MSM are most at risk.

Results. We found that emphasizing that MSM are most at risk increases support for policies that would restrict lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender/-sexual, queer or questioning–related events by about 7 percentage points compared with the control condition. However, the message describing African origins did not affect support for restricting travel from Africa. Neither changed risk perceptions or willingness to be vaccinated against mpox.

Conclusions. Messages aimed at educating the public about most at-risk groups may trigger increased stigmatization of those groups in ways that could contribute to unnecessary persecution. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(10):1120–1127. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307347 )
Social and Environmental Stressors of Urban Oil and Gas Facilities in Los Angeles County, California, 2020
Authors: Chan Marissa , Shamasunder Bhavna , Johnston Jill E.
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To examine patterns of cumulative environmental injustice with respect to operations of urban oil and gas development in Los Angeles County, California.

Methods. Using CalEnviroScreen (CES) 4.0, oil and gas data permit records, and US census data, we examined the association between CES score (grouped into equal quintiles, with the lowest representing low cumulative burden) and oil and gas development (presence or absence of an oil and gas production well) within 1 kilometer of a census block centroid.

Results. Among census blocks in the highest quintile of CES score, we observed 94% increased odds of being within 1 kilometer of a well compared with census blocks in the lowest quintile of CES score (odds ratio = 1.94; 95% confidence interval = 1.83, 2.10). In our multivariable model, the proportion of Black residents and higher quintiles of CES score were also associated with increased odds of a nearby oil and gas well.

Conclusions. These findings suggest that oil and gas facilities are operating in neighborhoods already cumulatively burdened and with higher proportions of Black residents. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(11):1182–1190. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307360 )
Race, Racism, and Drinking Water Contamination Risk From Oil and Gas Wells in Los Angeles County, 2020
Authors: Berberian Alique G. , Rempel Jenny , Depsky Nicholas , Bangia Komal , Wang Sophia , Cushing Lara J.
Published: September 2023

Objectives. To evaluate the potential for drinking water contamination in Los Angeles (LA) County, California, based on the proximity of supply wells to oil and gas wells, and characterize risk with respect to race/ethnicity and measures of structural racism.

Methods. We identified at-risk community water systems (CWSs) as those with supply wells within 1 kilometer of an oil or gas well. We characterized sociodemographics of the populations served by each CWS by using the 2013–2017 American Community Survey. We estimated the degree of redlining in each CWS service area by using 1930s Home Owners’ Loan Corporation security maps, and characterized segregation by using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes. Multivariable regression models estimated associations between these variables and CWS contamination risk.

Results. A quarter of LA County CWSs serving more than 7 million residents have supply wells within 1 kilometer of an oil or gas well. Higher percentages of Hispanic, Black, and Asian/Pacific Islander residents and a greater degree of redlining and residential segregation were associated with higher contamination risk.

Conclusions. Redlining and segregation predict drinking water contamination risks from oil development in LA County, with people of color at greater risk. (Am J Public Health. 2023;113(11):1191–1200. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2023.307374 )
Dynamics of Non-Invasive Risk Factors of Sudden Cardiac Death after Myocardial Revascularization
Authors: Tursunov Ergashali , Kevorkov Amayak , Kurbanov Ravshanbek , Zakirov Nodir , Rasulov Alisher
Published: September 2023

Background: An attempt was made to study the effect of surgical myocardial revascularization on the processes of electrical myocardium instability underlying the occurrence of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, as well as the possibility of its non-invasive assessment by studying heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate turbulence (HRT), as well as the duration and dispersion of the QT interval. Based only on the presence of viable myocardium, it is often impossible to predict the positive impact of revascularization on a patient’s prognosis, especially with reduced myocardial contractility. Moreover, given the well-studied relationship between myocardial remodeling and neurohormonal activation, non-invasive methods for assessing the autonomic regulation of cardiac activity can provide additional diagnostic information. Along with this, changes in these indicators and their prognostic role in patients with coronary artery disease after revascularization are subjects of discussion. Methods and Results: All patients underwent a comprehensive clinical and biochemical blood test, transthoracic echocardiography, tissue Doppler echocardiography, ultrasound examination of brachiocephalic arteries, selective coronary angio- and ventriculography, as well as Holter monitoring. Results show that a year after the coronary intervention, there was a significant positive trend in the frequency and structure of ventricular arrhythmias (VA). HRV indicators generally did not show significant dynamics. Only an increase in the values of the SDANN and low-frequency power (LFP) indices was noted, indicating a gradual increase in the activity of the sympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system. HRT indicators also did not show significant dynamics. A significant increase was found in the number of patients with no signs of impaired HRT. The average duration of the QT interval decreased significantly. There was also a tendency to shorten the corrected QT interval; however, it was insignificant. In terms of dispersion, both the QT interval and its corrected index, no significant dynamics were recorded in the general group of patients. Conclusion: Our study found that in patients with prior myocardial infarction, after revascularization, significant positive dynamics were recorded in life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, but were unreliable for the indicators of autonomic regulation of cardiac activity, such as HRV and HRT.
Gender Differences on Prevalence of Uropathogens and Their Antimicrobial Resistance: Results from a Single-Center Study in Peja Region, Kosovo
Authors: Loxhaj Ilirjana , Hoxha-Gashi Sanije , Petrovska Sunchica , Loxha Sadushe
Published: September 2023

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the world’s second most common bacterial infection, behind respiratory tract infections, affecting people of all ages worldwide. It is the most common bacterial infection among females. The present study aimed to determine the local bacterial species distribution of UTI isolates between males and females in the Peja region. Methods and Results: This cohort longitudinal, prospective-retrospective study was conducted in the microbiological laboratories of Peja region, Kosovo. The research includes all urine samples tested for gram-negative bacteria during three years, 2018-2020. The comparison of male and female samples in terms of the type of bacteria isolated showed that the urinary infection in female patients was caused by E. coli, significantly more often than in male patients (86.31% vs. 62.87%, P=0.0000), while in the samples from male patients, Klebsiella spp. (12.05% vs. 3.68%, P=0.0000), P. aeruginosa (7.49% vs. 1.59%, P=0.0000), and Acinetobacter spp. (7.82% vs. 1.59%, P=0.0000), were detected significantly more often than female isolates. The prevalence of Proteus spp. was similar in male and female isolates (6.19% vs. 5.03%, P=0.3926). The results of the statistical analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the resistance of E. coli to the analyzed antibiotics depending on the gender of the patients. E. coli showed significantly higher resistance in male patients than in female patients to 12 of the 13 antibiotics that were used: ampicillin, amikacin, gentamicin, cefalexin, cefuroxime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ofloxacin, imipenem, piperacillin, nitrofurantoin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. In both genders, E. coli showed the lowest resistance to imipenem and the highest resistance to ampicillin. Conclusion: Not only does the prevalence of uropathogens gram-negative bacteria differ by gender (greater frequency among women) but their antibiotic resistance also differs by gender (higher resistance among male patients).
Blood Pressure Variability: Marker or Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk?
Authors: Yuldasheva A , Khamidullaeva G
Published: September 2023

Background: Regardless of the mean blood pressure value, short-term and long-term BP variability (BPV) are associated with the development and progression of target organ damage and predictors of cardiovascular complications and mortality. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of increased BPV in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). Methods and Results: The study consisted of two stages. In the first stage, a retrospective analysis of 365 ABPM results was carried out. As a result of the analysis, 271 patients aged 56.1±10.0 years with uncontrolled AH Grades 1-3 (ESC/ESH, 2018) were included in this study. Depending on the values of BPV, AH patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 consisted of patients with normal BPV (n=145), and Group 2 consisted of patients with increased BPV (n=126). The second stage included 91 patients with uncontrolled hypertension without permanent antihypertensive therapy who had increased BPV. We found statistically significant differences in BP between the AH patients with normal BPV and increased BPV. Thus, in the group with normal BPV, compared with increased BPV, the parameters of the average 24-h systolic BP (SBP), daytime SBP, and nighttime SBP were statistically lower (141±14.6 vs. 147.2±20.2 mmHg, P<0.004; 142.8±15.1 vs. 148.4±20.7 mmHg, P<0.01; and 136.2±15.5 vs. 143.8±21.4 mmHg, P<0.001; respectively). A statistically significant moderate direct correlation was found between the average 24-h SBP and the average 24-h and daytime SBP variability (SBPV) (rs=0.49 and rs=0.40 respectively, P<0.001 in all cases). A statistically significant moderate to weak direct correlation also was found between the average daytime SBP, and the average 24-h and daytime SBPV (rs=0.45 and rs=0.37, respectively, P<0.001 in all cases). A moderate direct correlation was found between nighttime SBP and 24-hour SBPV (rs=0.52, P<0.001) and between nighttime SBP and daytime SBPV (rs=0.42, P<0.001). Weak direct correlations were found between the average 24-h SBPV and central SBP (SBPc) (rs=0.34, P<0.001), as well as between the average 24-h and daytime SBPV and central pulse pressure (PPc) (rs=0.33 and rs=0.32, respectively, P<0.001 in all cases). A weak direct correlation was found between carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and the average 24-h and daytime SBPV (rs=0.37 [P<0.001] and rs=0.3 [P=0.04]). Conclusion: The increased BPV is associated with impaired diurnal blood pressure profile (DBPP) and structural and functional changes in blood vessels, in particular, an increase in SBPc and PP in the aorta, and CIMT thickening, which characterizes increased BPV as a predictor of vascular remodeling in patients with uncontrolled AH.
Relationship of Cytokine Status Parameters with the Lipid Peroxidation-Antioxidant Defense System in Obese Adolescents
Authors: Darenskaya Marina , Rychkova Lyubov , Semenova Natalya , Prokhorova Zhanna , Tugarinova Olga , Mityukova Tatyana , Basalai Anastasia , Poluliakh Olga , Kolesnikova Lyubov
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study was to identify the relationships between cytokine status, lipid peroxidation (LPO) products, and total antioxidant activity (TAA) in obese adolescent boys and girls. Methods and Results: The study included 29 boys and 33 girls with an established diagnosis of exogenous-constitutional obesity of the first degree. Twenty-eight healthy adolescent boys and 24 adolescent girls made up control groups. The concentration of cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-4, and IL-10) was assessed by enzyme immunoassay. The content of LPO products (conjugated dienes [CDs], ketodienes and conjugated trienes [KD-CT], Schiff bases [SB], thiobarbituric acid reactants [TBARs], total antioxidant activity (TAA) was evaluated. Spectrophotometric methods were used. The data obtained indicated a statistically significant increase in the level of IL-6 (P=0.018) and the IL-6/IL10 ratio (P=0.033) in obese boys, compared with the control. There was also an increase in the content of LPO products in this group relative to the control group: KD-CT (P=0.043) and SB (P=0.021). In the group of obese girls, there was an increase in IL-6 values (P=0.018), a decrease in IL-4 (P=0.040), and an increase in CDs (P=0.035) and KD-CT (P=0.044). The following correlations were found in the control group of boys: CDs‒KD-CT (r=0.91; P=0.001), TBARS‒IL-8 (r=0.73; P=0.027), and SB‒IL-4 (r=0.79; P=0.011); there were no statistically significant correlations between study parameters in obese boys. The following correlations were recorded in the girls of the control group: CDs‒KD-CT (r=0.99; P<0.0001), TAA‒IL-10 (r=-0.80; P=0.033), TAA‒IL-4 (r=-0.78; P=0.040); in obese girls, it was SB‒IL-4 (r=-0.67; P=0.048). Conclusion: Data analysis showed high activity of proinflammatory cytokines and LPO products in obese adolescents, regardless of gender, with a reduced concentration of anti-inflammatory factors and correlations between parameters of inflammation and OS in girls. An important component of the pathogenetic approach in treating obesity should be the control of these parameters.
Hepatic Iron Deposition Quantification in Patients with β-Thalassemia Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Nasser Faten , Hussien Rehab , Hassan Mahasin , Elmahdi Tasneem , Alsaadi Ali , Fallatah Enas
Published: September 2023

Background: Detection and quantification of liver iron overload are significant to initiate treatment and monitoring of iron overload. This study aimed to quantify liver iron deposits in β-thalassemia major patients using MRI T2* and its correlation with age and heart iron deposition. Methods and Results: This retrospective study included 54 records of patients between 5-16 years of age with hepatic iron deposition due to β-thalassemia major. Data were collected from MRI reports in Picture Archiving and Communication Systems-Radiology Information System (PACS-RIS) and serum ferritin (SF) test results obtained from Hospital Information Systems and written into a dedicated datasheet. The information was recorded on a data collection sheet. The datasheet included all the required data, demographic data, lab results, T2* mapping for iron deposition in the liver and heart, and liver measurements. All subjects had high SF (from 1120 to 9850 ng/ml) with an average of 4317.93±2779.9 ng/ml. Age and SF correlated positively (r=0.368, P=0.0006). A negative correlation was observed between SF and liver T2* (r= -0578, P=0.000) (Table 3), whereas between liver T2* and heart T2* correlation had a positive direction (r= 0.329, P=0.015) Conclusion: MRI provides accurate, non-invasive, valid, and repeatable techniques, which are more acceptable to patients for assessing iron load. Furthermore, MRI T2* methods measure iron overload within the target organ precisely.
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Sudan
Authors: Ali Sara , Nasser Rolla , Adam Naima , Jama Athar , Mohamed Salma , Hijazi Hassan , Ahmed Sahar
Published: September 2023

Background: Asymptomatic bacteriuria is common during pregnancy due to the apparent reduction in immunity of pregnant women, which appears to encourage the growth of both commensal and non-commensal microorganisms. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of asymptomatic bacteriuria and identify the causative organisms among pregnant women. Methods and Results: This cross-sectional study was carried out at Ibrahim Malik Teaching Hospital and Bashaier University Hospital from April to July 2019 to assess the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women. Fifty urine specimens were collected from pregnant women who didn’t show any signs or symptoms of UTI. Clean-catch mid-stream urine was collected into a sterile, universal container. Bacteriological culture and bacterial identification were carried out. The prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women in this study was 12%. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were the most frequently isolated organisms: 2/6(33.3%) and 2/6(33.3%), respectively, followed by Proteus species 1/6(16.7%) and Klebsiella pneumonia 1/6(16.7%). Asymptomatic bacteriuria tended to increase from the first to the third trimester (1/8.3%, 2/11.1%, and 3/15%, respectively), but without statistical significance (P=0.845). We also found a trend to increase in the prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria with decreasing age: 2(15.4%) in the age group of 18-25 years, 3(11.5%) in the age group of 26-33 years, and only 1(9.1%) in the age group of 34-41 years (P=0.890). Conclusion: Periodic urine cultures should be performed routinely throughout pregnancy, especially during the first and third trimesters, to identify any unsuspecting unsuspected infection. Bacterial counts are of the most importance and should be done routinely. This measure will significantly reduce maternal and obstetric complications associated with pregnancy.
Generation of Bona Fide Fully Integrated Human Post-Implantation Structured Embryo Models (SEM) Derived Ex Utero Solely from Genetically Unmodified Naïve (HENSM) Pluripotent Stem Cells
Authors: Oldak Bernardo , Wildschutz Emilie , Bondarenko Vladyslav , Hanna Jacob H.
Published: September 2023

In this protocol we describe a detailed step-by-step protocol for the derivation of fully integrated human Stem-cell-derived Structured Embryo Models (SEMs) solely form transgene-free genetically unmodified naïve cells expanded in HENSM condition. This 8-day protocol opens the possibility of modeling the architectural organization of all known lineages and compartments of early post-implantation stage human embryos up to day 13-14. The latter bona fide model system allows reconstituting and visualizing structures such as embryonic disc, hypoblast, bilaminar disk formation, epiblast lumenogenesis, polarized amniogenesis, anterior-posterior symmetry breaking, anterior visceral endoderm (AVE) formation, PGC specification, visceral and parietal endoderm as part of yolk sac formation, extra-embryonic mesoderm expansion that defines a chorionic cavity, a connective stalkand secondary yolk-sac (SYS) formation, a trophoblast surrounding compartment demonstrating syncytium formation with intercellular lacunaeand microvilli formation. This intergrated SEM (iSEM) system opens an opportunity to study the second week of human development which due to technical and ethical reasons has been unattainable for the research community.
Energy Efficient Hybrid Led Luminary Illumination Control Mechanisms
Authors: Boddu Rama Devi , K Ashoka Reddy
Published: September 2023

This work aims to develop LED luminary intensity control (LIC) modules that are energy efficient. In this paper, we propose various modules for varying luminary intensity (LI) based on (i) Zone timer-based intensity control (ZTIC), (ii) ZTIC with motion detection (ZTICMD), (iii) Authorized User LIC (AULIC) (iv) Hybrid mode of LIC (HMLIC), (v) HMLIC with motion detection (HMLICMD) (vi) Intensity control based on priority (ICP). The motion detection mode supports the motion of vehicles with high speed. In hybrid mode, motion detection saves 60–85% of energy and helps to decrease carbon footprints. The modules use simple circuits. These modules use for different outdoor lighting applications.
Tribological characteristics of three-body abrasive wear on MoS2 films
Authors: DONG Shaojiang , ZOU Song , CHEN Weilun , HU Bo , LIU Qingyi
Published: September 2023

Aiming at the problem of the failure of bearing lubrication caused by the entry of fine dust into the spacecraft, a molecular dynamic simulation method was proposed to study the wear characteristics of the bearing lubricating film. Firstly, the atomic model of MoS2 thin film is established, and the motion state of dust particles on the surface of MoS2 thin film is divided (sliding abrasive and rotating abrasive). Secondly, the characteristics of sliding and rotating abrasive wear are studied by applying different loads to the abrasives. Finally, the surface structure of the substrate was changed to explore the adsorption and wear characteristics of the one-dimensional rough substrate. The following conclusions are obtained: 1) sliding abrasive and rotating abrasive have different wear mechanisms. The wear of sliding abrasive originates from the accumulation and release of tangential force. The main source of wear in rotating abrasive is the release of tangential force and the action of tangential force caused by rolling; 2) The relationship between sliding friction and rolling friction at the atomic scale is the same as that at the macroscopic scale. Rolling friction is much less friction than sliding friction. Rolling friction causes less damage to the film than sliding friction; 3) The one-dimensional rough substrate reduces the contact area between the film and the film, resulting in a decrease in the adsorption between the film and the substrate. The asperity structure of rough substrates reduces the lubricity of the film compared to smooth substrates.
Aerobic granular sludge treatment of piggery wastewater: solution to the problem of non-filamentous bulking and analysis of microbial community structure in practical application.
Authors: Zhou Yun , Wang Xiaochun , Zhou Xiangtong , Li Shanwei , Wei Jing , Wu Zhiren , Liu Jianxun , Li Xueyan
Published: September 2023

In this study, actual piggery wastewater was treated by aerobic granular sludge (AGS) in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) and verified its treatment capacity. At the same time, the non-filamentous bulking was controlled through a series of measures. The results showed that on the 13th day of operation, the AGS was formed with a particle size of 611.4 µm. The highest removal rates of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorous (TP) by the AGS were 99%, 99%, 90%, and 96%, respectively. After 32 days of reactor operation, an overgrowth of zoogloea led to increased polysaccharides (PS) secretion from the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), resulting in a non-filamentous bulking. Adjusting the carbon source concentration to change the organic loading rate (OLR) in SBR, which increased from 4 kg COD m3·d− 1 to 16 kg COD m3·d− 1, then decreased to 5.6 kg COD m3·d− 1, this value is considered suitable for the long-term growth of AGS. During this period, the non-filamentous bulking was solved by reducing water temperature, increasing hydraulic shear force and selective pressure, and manual screening. Finally, the sludge bulking was reduced on the 60th day. The experimental results indicated that the sludge bulking has little effect on the removal of COD by AGS, but has a significant impact on the nitrogen and phosphorus removal effect. In the process of sludge granulation, species diversity, and microbial biomass in the sludge decreased, especially before and after controlling sludge bulking, and dominant microbial species changed significantly.
Efficacy and Profitability of Commercial Beauvaria bassiana for Controlling field Insect Pests of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in a derived savanna environment
Authors: Oguniyi B. A. , Filani C. O. , Pitan O. R. , Kehinde I. A.
Published: September 2023

Insect pests are a major constraint to cucumber production in Nigeria. The study tested a commercial formulation of Beauvaria bassiana, a non-residual bio-pesticide, for bioactivity against the insect pests of cucumber. B. bassiana is a cosmopolitan fungus which inhabits the soil naturally. The experiment was carried out in the late season 2021 and early season 2022 to establish the most effective and profitable optimum rate and frequency of B. bassiana application for optimum insect pest management on cucumber. The densities of Aulacophora hilaris, Aulacophora nigripennis, Aulacophora foveicolis, Epilachna chrysomelina, Coridus viduatus and Bactrocera cucurbitae obtained in both seasons were significantly lower in treated plots than the control plots. Percent leaf damage was similar across the treated plots while the control plots had the highest (60.64% and 47.64%) percent leaf damage in both seasons. Also, highest (62.70% and 61.97%) percent fruit damage was obtained in the control plots relative to the treated plots. Cucumber yield was significantly higher in the plot sprayed at 8.00 kg/ha once a- week (546.67% and 514.29%) compared to other treated plots. Highest profitability (1.00 and 1.00) was obtained in the plots sprayed with B. bassiana at 8.00 kg/ha once-a-week followed by 1.05 and 0.95 in the plots sprayed at 6.00 kg/ha once-in-two-weeks.
Virtual reality as a method of cognitive training of processing speed, working memory and sustained attention in persons with acquired brain injury: a protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Johansen Truls , Matre Martin , Løvstad Marianne , Lund Anne , Martinsen Anne Catrine Trægde , Olsen Alexander , Becker Frank , Brunborg Cathrine , Ponsford Jennie , Spikman Jacoba , Neumann Dawn , Tornås Sveinung
Published: September 2023

Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI) often leads to persisting somatic, cognitive and social impairments. Cognitive impairments of processing speed, sustained attention and working memory are frequently reported, and may negatively affect activities of daily living and quality of life. Rehabilitation efforts aiming to retrain these cognitive functions have often consisted of computerized training programs. However, few studies have demonstrated effects that transfer beyond the trained tasks. There is a growing optimism regarding the potential usefulness of Virtual Reality (VR) in cognitive rehabilitation. The research literature is sparse, and existing studies are characterized by considerable methodological weaknesses. There is also a lack of knowledge about the acceptance and tolerability of VR as an intervention method for people with ABI. The present study aims to investigate whether playing a commercially available VR-game is effective in training cognitive functions after ABI, and to explore if the possible effects transfer into everyday functioning.
Methods: One hundred participants (18-65 years), with a verified ABI, impairments of processing speed/attention, and/or working memory, and minimum 12 months post injury will be recruited. Participants with severe aphasia, apraxia, visual neglect, epilepsy and severe mental illness will be excluded.
Participants will be randomized into two parallel groups; 1) an intervention group playing a commercial VR game taxing processing speed, working memory and sustained attention, 2) an active control group receiving psychoeducation regarding compensatory strategies, and general cognitive training tasks such as crossword puzzles or sudoku. The intervention period is five weeks. The VR-group will be asked to train at home for 30 minutes five days per week.
Each participant will be assessed at baseline with neuropsychological tests and questionnaires, after the end of the intervention (5 weeks), and 16 weeks after baseline. After the end of the intervention period, focus group interviews will be conducted with 10 of the participants in the intervention group, in order to investigate acceptance and tolerability of VR as a training method.
Discussion: This study will contribute to improved understanding of how VR is tolerated and experienced by the ABI population. If proven effective, the study can contribute with new rehabilitation methods that persons with ABI can utilize in a home setting, after the post-acute rehabilitation has ended.
Diagnostic of linear and nonlinear optical effects of Zn doping MgO thin films deposited by dip coating technique
Authors: Abed S. , Djaaboube H. , Waszkowska K. , Aouati R. , Bouabellou A. , Bouchouit K. , Wielgosz R ,   Said Taboukhat3, Andrushchak A , Sahraoui B
Published: September 2023

In this study transparent dielectric magnesium oxide doped zinc thin films (MgO: Zn) were deposited on glass substrate using dip coating technique with a varied concentration of zinc (0, 3, 5 and 7 at %) , employing magnesium acetate and zinc acetate as starting materials. The obtained films were annealed at 500 °C for 6 hours. The effect of Zn doping concentration on the morphological, optical and nonlinear optical properties has been studied. The optical transmittance of the produced thin films indicated that these films are transparent in the visible region with a transparency of 90 %. The optical band gap and Urbuch energy of the films were found. The value of optical band gap varies from 3.94 to 4.04 eV. The surface morphology shows that the films are uniform, homogeneous and dense. We using the rotational maker fringe with Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm for the third harmonic generation measurements. Finally, the values of the third order nonlinear susceptibilities were calculated.
Preparation and bioactivities of polysaccharides from Fructus Mori by biotransformation with different fermentation strains
Authors: Zhou Kai , Tang Haishan , Tang Wufei , Dessie Wubliker , Liao Yunhui
Published: September 2023

In order to realize the effective utilization of overproduced Fructus Mori. In this study, different fermentation strains (Yeast, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Monascus) were used as starters to ferment Fructus Mori. The results showed that the maximum Fructus Mori polysaccharides yield could reach 6.32% under the optimal conditions (liquid-solid ratio of 28.58 mL/g, inoculum volume of 4.93, temperature of 302.99 K and time of 83.78 h). In antioxidant studies, Fructus Mori polysaccharides had good scavenging ability on four free radicals (DPPH free radicals, ·OH free radicals, ABTS free radicals and superoxide anions). Moreover, Fructus Mori polysaccharide had strong antibacterial activity against 6 tested pathogens, and the order of antibacterial effect was Staphylococcus aureus (36.5±1.26 mm)>Bacillus subtilis (33.5±1.12 mm)> Listeria monocytogenes (29.5±1.03 mm)> Escherichia coli (25.9±1.35 mm)> Salmonella (21.5±1.06 mm)> Vibrio parahaemolyticus (15.8±1.16 mm) with the Fructus Moripolysaccharides concentration of 40 mg/mL. The research results can provide a certain application value for the functional development and utilization of Fructus Mori polysaccharides.
Near-field lightwave and correlated net-charge distribution over arrayed silicon nano-cone-tip optical antenna covered by common metal film
Authors: Liu Taige , Shi Jiashuo , Duan Shenghua , Ji Wuyang , Wang Zhe , Zhang Xinyu
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the near-field lightwave characteristics of an arrayed silicon nano-cone-tip optical antenna (NOA) covered by a common metal film, which can be viewed as a featured quantum dot (QD), are carefully investigated. A dipole net-charge distribution closely correlated with the surface lightwaves excited over the antennas by incident lasers with a central wavelength of 633 nm, is clearly observed. An obvious Coulomb blockade from the apex apparently influencing the net-charge converging over the surface of NOA, is verified, which can also be predicted by the simulations according to surface standing waves across the apex node. The antinodes of the surface net-charge instantaneous distribution are already pushed away from the normal location owing to the apex Coulomb blockade, so as to present a distorted waveform different from traditional standing wave modes. The tip proximity effect leading to a relatively weak net-charge converging over surrounding planar facet and adjacent NOAs, is also discovered.
Anti-signal recognition particle-positive interstitial lung disease accompanied by metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Jiang Wanlan , Zhang Peirong , Xu Ting , Zhang Lu , Xu Liang , Ma Liang , Zhou Shiliang , Xie Wen , Wu Min
Published: September 2023

Background:Anti-signal recognition particle (anti-SRP) antibodies are one of the two most commonly identified antibodies in immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies (IMNMs), a disease characterized by proximal muscular weakness. Anti-SRP-positive IMNMs predominantly affect middle-aged women; extra-muscular manifestations, such as interstitial lung disease (ILD), are not frequent and often mild. Malignancy is not a major concern for patients with IMNMs, especially those who are anti-SRP-positive. Case presentation:We present the case of a 64-year-old male who tested positive for anti-SRP antibodies and presented with ILDinstead of myopathy. This was accompanied by metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma, and the patient experienced rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) during anticancer therapy. We chose low-dose immunosuppressive therapy after surgical removal of the metastatic cancerous lesion. The patient exhibited a positive response, whose respiratory condition gradually improved throughout the 2-year follow-up period. But the primary lesion appeared two years later than the site of metastasis, and the patient developed extensive metastases finally.Conclusions:The rare form of ILD in this patient highlights the significance of cancer screening and surveillance in atypical anti-SRP-positive patients. Low-dose immunosuppressive therapy following anticancer therapy resulted in significant improvement in ILD, serving as a treatment reference for paraneoplastic RP-ILD.
Advancing Reservoir Characterization: A Comparative Analysis of Xgboost and Ann for Accurate Porosity Prediction
Authors: Adekanye Damilola Israel , Abe Sunday James
Published: September 2023

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of porosity prediction in reservoir characterization using two powerful machine learning algorithms, XGBoost and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Well log data, including GR log, resistivity log, density log, sonic log, neutron log, and por_insitu, were employed for training and validation, with the latter serving as core data for porosity at identical depths. The initial XGBoost prediction yielded an accuracy of 57.54%, prompting the implementation of performance metrics and hyperparameter tuning. Through these optimizations, the XGBoost model's accuracy skyrocketed to an impressive 96.75%, with refined performance metrics, including MAE of 0.766158, MSE of 1.047763, and RMSLE of 0.038324. Leveraging the well log data and core data validation, the XGBoost model demonstrated outstanding accuracy levels, holding immense promise for reservoir characterization and hydrocarbon exploration. On the other hand, ANN model underwent data standardization and architecture experimentation, ultimately finding the "tanh" model with ten hidden layers to be the best performer. This model achieved a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.87 for the train data and 4.08 for the test data. Comparing the two models, the XGBoost model clearly outperformed the ANN model in accuracy for porosity prediction, making it the preferred choice for reservoir applications. The project's success highlights the efficacy of XGBoost in handling complex geological data and its ability to deliver accurate predictions for porosity. Additionally, the ANN model's performance demonstrates the importance of optimizing network architecture and activation functions in achieving accurate results. The findings of this study underscore the significance of machine learning in reservoir characterization, offering valuable insights for decision-making processes in the petroleum industry. The report provides valuable insights for reservoir engineers, geoscientists, and data scientists, offering a foundation for future advancements in reservoir characterization and resource exploration.
Interrogating Site Dependent Kinetics over SiO2-Supported Pt Nanoparticles
Authors: Reece Christian , Kim Taek-Seung , O'Connor Christopher
Published: September 2023

A detailed knowledge of reaction kinetics is key to the development of new more efficient heterogeneous catalytic processes. However, the ability to resolve site dependent kinetics has been largely limited to surface science experiments on model systems. Herein, we can bypass the pressure, materials, and temperature gaps, resolving and quantifying two distinct pathways for CO oxidation over SiO2-supported 2 nm Pt nanoparticles under operando conditions. We find that the pathway distribution directly correlates with the distribution of well-coordinated (e.g., terrace) and under-coordinated (e.g., edge, vertex) CO adsorption sites on the 2 nm Pt nanoparticles as measured by in situ DRIFTS. We conclude that well-coordinated sites follow classic Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics, but under-coordinated sites follow non-standard kinetics with CO oxidation being barrierless but conversely also slow. This fundamental method of kinetic site deconvolution is broadly applicable to other catalytic systems, affording bridging of the complexity gap in heterogeneous catalysis.
Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways mediate monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension via glycolysis in rats
Authors: Meng Hui , Deng Yan , Liao Juan , Wu Dan-dan , Li Li-xiang , Chen Xing , Lan Wei‑Fang
Published: September 2023

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and life-threatening disease. Metabolic abnormalities and immune inflammation are deeply involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling and in the formation of PAH. Cumulative evidence indicates that β-catenin and abnormal glucose metabolism play an important role in the development of PAH, but the underlying mechanism is still elusive. To elucidate this mechanism, we first established a rat model of PAH and then treated some rats with a specific β-catenin inhibitor (XAV939). After examining the protein expression of β-catenin, levels of indicators of glucose metabolism, right ventricular pressure (RVSP) and pulmonary artery histopathology, we found that monocrotaline (MCT)-exposed rats had an increase in levels of glycolytic metabolism markers and that this phenomenon could be blocked by β-catenin inhibitors. This study demonstrated that Wnt/β-catenin signaling promotes the inflammatory response involved in pulmonary vascular remodeling and participates in the formation of PAH by regulating glycolysis in macrophages. Inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways could improve the progression of PAH, which may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of PAH.
Identifying mechanisms by which social determinants of health impact TB diagnostic evaluation uptake in Uganda: a qualitative study
Authors: Nalugwa Talemwa , Annerstedt Kristi Sidney , Nabwire Sarah , West Nora S. , Kadota Jillian L. , Atkins Salla , Cattamanchi Adithya , Lönnroth Knut , Katamba Achilles , Shete Priya B.
Published: September 2023

Background
Social and structural determinants of health (SDoH) are associated with tuberculosis (TB) outcomes but often unaddressed in TB care programs. We sought to describe the mechanism by which SDoH impact completion of TB diagnostic evaluation in Uganda using an implementation science framework rooted in behavioral theory.
Methods
Trained research staff interviewed 24 purposively sampled adults undergoing TB diagnostic evaluation at six community health centers in Uganda between February-August 2019. Framework analysis was used to construct themes linked to SDoH across the TB diagnostic evaluation cascade of care. Themes were then mapped to domains of the capability, opportunity, and motivation behavior change model (COM-B).
Results
Barriers related to SDoH were identified across the diagnostic evaluation cascade of care and associated with domains central to uptake of testing and treatment. These included: limited knowledge about TB diagnosis and treatment (psychological capability); low socioeconomic status and competing financial priorities (physical opportunity); internalized and anticipated stigma of TB diagnosis, lack of social support programs and limited social support/social capital (social opportunity, reflective motivation); trust (or distrust) in the government health facility to provide quality care (reflective motivation); and fear and shame about worsening poverty (automatic motivation). Facilitators to engagement with the TB cascade of care included encouragement from friends and family to seek testing (automatic motivation, social opportunity), and trust that healthcare providers were acting in their best interests (social opportunity).
Conclusions
Biomedical interventions alone are unlikely to address the spectrum of SDoH-related barriers to completion of TB diagnostic evaluation. Linking barriers to a behavior change model such as COM-B may help guide the design and evaluation of appropriate people-centered strategies that integrate social and economic supports with clinical and public health programs or services.