bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تعيين جودة تعليم اللغة العربية في المدرسة الثانوية في أندونيسيا
Authors: Hidayah Fathi
Published: April 2021

This research aims to reveal the steps of defining quality in the teaching of Arabic language. This research used qualitative approach by case study design to analyze the steps of defining quality  in the teaching of Arabic language. To collect the data used observation, interview and documents. And to analyze the data used Milles and Hubberman analysis.
The results of this research mean: (1) the steps of defining quality  in the teaching of Arabic language in Madrasa Tsanawiya  are: Planning step: setting goals, the rule  for the teacher and supervisor, the process of teaching Arabic in the classroom, evaluation, language activities and language environment . Implementation step: The teaching process took place in the Arabic language by accomplishing the educational goals and teaching materials by  teaching methods and media, and doing the evaluatio.. Evaluation step: doing the internal evaluation  is the daily, weekly, monthly, and annual evaluation.  Improvement step: by increase language activities.
PROLIFERATION OF OIL PALM (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) EMBRYOGENIC CALLUS WITH REPEATED SUBCULTURES IN LIQUID MEDIUM
Authors: Karyanti Karyanti , Tajuddin Teuku , Khairiyah Hayat , Sukarnih Tati , Rahmadara Gemilang , Hanifah Nurul Fitri , Rudiyana Yayan , Kitagawa Sayuri , Mira Farida Rosana , Saga Hirohisa
Published: April 2021

The availability of high-quality seeds is now a necessity. This is due to a government program to replace oil palm trees in smallholder plantations with high quality seeds. An efficient protocol to produce a large number of embryos is needed. To increase the number of embryogenic callus production, the callus proliferation experiment was carried out through suspension culture. This study aimed to examine the proliferation ability of embryogenic callus from three different oil palm clones, in several repeated subcultures. Liquid MS media added with 1 ppm 2.4-D and 0.1 ppm NAA were used. Embryogenic callus was weighed by 0.1 - 0.2 g, transferred into the liquid media, shaking at 60-80 rpm and 27 ºC for 8 weeks without light. Continues subcultures were repeated up to 7 times. The results showed that the growth rate of embryogenic callus increased in the third and fourth subcultures and then decreased in subsequent subcultures. It also revealed that the entire embryogenic callus from the first subculture up to seventh subculture still has the ability to regenerate into new plants. These results indicate that oil palm embryogenic callus can be proliferated by suspension culture with a limit up to the fourth subculture.
Ketersediaan benih kelapa sawit berkualitas saat ini merupakan kebutuhan karena adanya program pemerintah untuk menggantikan tanaman sawit di kebun-kebun petani. Salah satu cara vegetatif yang dapat dilakukan adalah meningkatkan jumlah kalus embriogenik yang dihasilkan melalui pengembangan kultur suspensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kemampuan proliferasi kalus embriogenik dari tiga klon kelapa sawit, pada beberapa kali subkultur yang berulang. Media cair MS dengan penambahan 1 ppm 2,4-D dan 0,1 ppm NAA digunakan untuk memperbanyak 0,1–0,2 g kalus embriogenik, dikocok pada 60-80 rpm dan suhu 27 ºC tanpa cahaya selama 8 minggu. Subkultur berulang dilakukan hingga 7 kali. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan proliferasi kalus dipengaruhi oleh genotip tanaman induk. Rata-rata kalus embriogenik dapat meningkat pada subkultur ke-3 dan ke-4 dan semakin menurun pada subkultur selanjutnya. Kalus embriogenik hasil proliferasi subkultur pertama hingga ke-7 dapat tumbuh menjadi calon tanaman baru. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa kalus embriogenik kelapa sawit dapat diperbanyak dengan kultur suspensi pada batas sampai subkultur ke-4.
TREINAMENTO FÍSICO E REABILITAÇÃO CARDÍACA EMPACIENTES COM CARDIOPATIAS CONGÊNITAS: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors:   Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Ribeiro Turquetto Aida Luiza , Patrick Amato Luciana ,   Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Agostinho Daniela Regina ,   Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil,   Unidade de Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital Sírio Libanês de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Alves Oliveira Patrícia ,   Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil,   Unidade de Cardiologia do Exercício do Hospital Sírio Libanês de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Canêo Luiz Fernando ,   Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil, Biscegli Jatene Marcelo ,   Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. São Paulo, SP, Brasil
Published: April 2021

Introdução: Crianças nascidas com cardiopatia congênita estão crescendo, chegando à adolescência e alcançando a idade adulta. Atualmente, estima-se que 90% dos pacientes com cardiopatias complexas atinjam os 18 anos de idade.1,2 Entretanto, são poucos os programas de reabilitação cardíaca para esta população. Objetivo: Revisão sistemática da literatura buscando evidências de programas de treinamento físico e reabilitação cardíaca visando melhora na capacidade funcional e qualidade de vida (QV) em pacientes com cardiopatias congênitas (CC). Métodos: A revisão da literatura foi feita pelas bases ele-trônicas PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase e LILACS, entre o período de 2013 e 2020. O aplicativo Rayyan foi utilizado para arquivamento, organização e triagem dos artigos. Resultados: Foram selecionados 172 artigos, excluídos 123 pela análise do título e resumo e 12 após leitura completa do texto. Elegíveis e incluídos nesta revisão foram 15 artigos. Dentre eles, seis Trials controlados e randomizados, sete estudos clínicos controlados e dois não controlados. No total, 53,3% dos estudos desta revisão foram supervisionados, 33,3% somente home-based e 13,33% tiveram o treinamento em formato híbrido, parte supervisionado e parte home-based. Conclusão: O treinamento físico aeróbio e de força muscular prescrito de maneira individualizada promove melhora na capacidade funcional e QV. Desta maneira, deve ser recomendado para todos os pacientes portadores de car-diopatia congênita. Ainda, ambos os treinamentos físicos supervisionado e home-basedmostraram-se seguros e eficazes, mesmo para pacientes com cardiopatias complexas
SITOSTEROLEMIA – EPIDEMIOLOGIA, DIAGNÓSTICOE TRATAMENTO
Authors:   Faculdade de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas. Campinas, SP, Brasil, Reis Coutinho Elaine , Kerr Saraiva José Francisco ,   Faculdade de Medicina da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Campinas. Campinas, SP, Brasil
Published: April 2021

A sitosterolemia é uma rara doença genética recessiva caracterizada por aumento da absorção intestinal e diminuição da excreção biliar de esteróis resultantes de mutações nos genes ABCG5 ou ABCG8 de forma homozigótica ou como heterozigoto composto. O fenótipo é variável, mas classicamente é relacionado com xantomas e doença ateros-clerótica prematura. As manifestações hematológicas incluem macrotrombocitopenia, esplenomegalia e anemia hemolítica. O tratamento é baseado em restrição dietética de colesterol e fitoesteróis e utilização de terapia com inibidor do transportador intes-tinal de esteróis, como a ezetimiba associados a colestiramina, uma resina atuante no sequestro de ácidos biliares.
LIPOPROTEÍNA(a) MUITO ELEVADA E RISCOCARDIOVASCULAR
Authors:   Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein. São Paulo, SP, Brasil., Henpin Yue Cesena Fernando
Published: April 2021

A lipoproteína(a) [Lp(a)] corresponde estruturalmente à lipoproteína de baixa densidade adicionada à apolipoproteína(a). Evidências robustas de estudos epidemiológicos prospectivos e genéticos relacionam a Lp(a) elevada de forma independente e causal com doença aterosclerótica e estenose valvar aórtica. Os mecanismos implicados na patogenicidade da Lp(a) incluem efeitos pró-ateroscleróticos, pró-inflamatórios (sobretudo devido à presença de fosfolípides oxidados) e, possivelmente, ação antifibrinolítica. O nível plasmático da Lp(a) é cerca de 90% geneticamente determinado, com pouca ou nenhuma interferência de fatores ambientais, como dieta. Estima-se que 20% a 30% da população global apresente níveis de Lp(a) > 30-50 mg/dl ou > 75-125 nmol/l, limiares tradicional-mente considerados para indicar elevação do risco cardiovascular. A dosagem de Lp(a) pode ajudar na estratificação de risco aterosclerótico. Níveis ≥ 50 mg/dl ou ≥ 125 nmol/lpodem ser considerados fatores agravantes do risco, favorecendo a prescrição de estatina para pacientes com risco calculado intermediário. Níveis muito elevados (> 180 mg/dlou > 430 nmol/l) podem indicar um risco coronariano ao longo da vida equivalente ao risco de indivíduos portadores de hipercolesterolemia familiar. Algumas diretrizes contemporâneas têm recomendado a mensuração da Lp(a) pelo menos uma vez na vida. As estatinas podem aumentar o nível de Lp(a), enquanto os inibidores de PCSK9 reduzem sua concentração em até ~30%. Um oligonucleotídeo antissenso direcionado para o RNA mensageiro do gene que codifica a apolipoproteína(a) reduziu a concentração de Lp(a) em até 80% em um estudo de fase 2. Este medicamento está sendo avaliado em um ensaio clínico randomizado de desfecho duro em pacientes com doença aterosclerótica e Lp(a) elevada
HDL-C MUITO BAIXO: QUAL A ETIOLOGIA, O QUE SIGNIFICA E O QUE DEVEMOS FAZER
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Laboratório de Biologia Vascular e Aterosclerose, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Campinas, SP, Brasil, Martinelli Luchiari Beatriz , Bonilha Isabella ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Laboratório de Biologia Vascular e Aterosclerose, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Campinas, SP, Brasil, Carvalho Sposito Andrei ,   Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP). Laboratório de Biologia Vascular e Aterosclerose, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Campinas, SP, Brasil
Published: April 2021

A avaliação de pacientes com teor muito baixo de colesterol da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) permanece sendo um desafio clínico pela complexidade de sua as-sociação com o risco cardiovascular e pela multicausalidade. Em indivíduos com HDL colesterol (HDL-C) muito reduzido decorrente de doenças monogênicas como doença de Tangier, deficiência de LCAT e hipoalfalipoproteinemia familiar há risco elevado de aterosclerose prematura. Apesar de estudos observacionais também demonstrarem essa associação entre o HDL-C e a doença aterosclerótica, análises baseadas em comparações de populações com pequenas variações da HDL-C mediadas por alterações poligênicas, isto é, randomização mendeliana, não confirmam esses achados, sugerindo ser uma as-sociação indireta ou de heterogeneidade nas diversas fisiopatogenias relacionadas com o mecanismo de redução do HDL-C. Os ensaios que avaliaram algumas das funções da HDL demonstram um grau de associação mais robusto entre o sistema HDL e o risco aterosclerótico, mas como não foram primariamente delineados para modificar a funcio-nalidade dessa lipoproteína, não temos dados suficientes para estabelecer uma relação de causalidade. O que temos no presente são ensaios clínicos randomizados de terapias que aumentam a concentração de HDL-C por uma ampla gama de mecanismos e essa elevação farmacológica do HDL-C ainda não mostrou redução de eventos cardiovasculares de modo independente. Em conjunto, essas evidências tornam claro que: (i) é insuficiente dosar o HDL-C como forma de estimar a função do sistema ateroprotetor relacionado à HDL ou mesmo o risco cardiovascular e (ii) não sabemos até o presente como aumentar a proteção cardiovascular com terapias voltadas ao metabolismo da HDL. Esses dois elementos nos têm obrigado a um esforço maior na compreensão dos mecanismos de ação molecular e interação celular da HDL, abandonando completamente a visão tradicional centrada na concentração plasmática de HDL-C. Novos agentes terapêuticos direcionados para aprimorar a funcionalidade da HDL estão sendo desenvolvidos. Nesta revisão, detalharemos esse novo entendimento e o novo horizonte do uso do sistema HDL na atenuação do risco aterosclerótico residual.
La minería del oro en la selva. Territorios, autonomías locales y conflictos en Amazonía y Pacífico (1975-2015)
Authors: Castillo Ardila Ángela , Rubiano Galvis Sebastián
Published: April 2021

A PARTIR DE DOS ESTUDIOS DE CASO —Condoto, en Chocó, y Taraira, en Vaupés—, este libro analiza la bonanza de la minería aurífera independiente de finales del siglo xx en los bosques húmedos del litoral Pacífico y la Amazonia nororiental. ¿Cómo fue posible que miles de mineros expandieran la extracción aurífera mecanizada hacia regiones como la Amazonia y el litoral Pacífico, en donde por los mismos años se les reconocían derechos de autonomía política y territorial a las comunidades negras e indígenas? ¿Cómo intentaron los mineros legitimar su autonomía política y económica en un período en que la política minera viraba hacia la deslegitimación del oficio minero y el retiro del Estado de su promoción y fomento? ¿Qué ilustran dichos procesos sobre problemas más amplios como las expresiones locales del Estado y la legalidad, la descentralización, las disputas por la autonomía local y el lugar de las sociedades rurales del Pacífico y la Amazonia en el proyecto de desarrollo? La minería de oro en la selva aborda estas preguntas y, a partir del diálogo entre los dos estudios de caso, propone un marco conceptual para responderlas.
Kesenian Wayang Pada Masa Klasik Di Jawa
Authors: Istari Rita
Published: April 2021

Penyebutan tentang wayang kulit baru dikenal pada masa pemerintahan Airlangga, seperti yang terdapat dalarn Kakawin Arjunawiwaha. Kemudian dari Kakawin Bharatayudha dapat diketahui bahwa pertunjukan wayang tersebut sudah diiringi dengan gamelan dan sebagainya walaupun belum selengkap seperti sekarang. Kakawin Wrettasancaya, yang masanya lebih muda, diketahui bahwa wayang pada masa itu sudah memakai kelir. Hal ini diperkuat pula dengan melihat relief wayang pada candi, meskipun pada kenyataannya candi-candi tersebut lebih muda masanya dibanding dengan kakawin Arjunawiwaha, Wrettasancaya dan Ghatokacasraya, tetapi tentunya para pemahat relief-relief tersebut mencontoh pola gambar tokoh-tokoh wayang kulit yang sudah dikenal pada masa sebelumnya.
Prospek Pelestarian Dan Pengembangan Bangunan Pesanggrahan
Authors: Widodo Sambung
Published: April 2021

Melihat kenyataan bahwa masih cukup banyak bangunan pesanggrahan yang masih berdiri hingga saat ini meskipun dalam kondisi yang tidak terlalu baik diharapkan dapat dilakukan upaya-upaya untuk mencegah semakin turunnya kualitas sumberdaya arkeologi tersebut. Disamping itu perlu adanya langkah-langkah pengamanan antara lain dengan penyuluhan bagi kesadaran baik pada masyarakat luas, maupun pada berbagai instansi-instansi sekiranya diperlukan dan penyediaan dana yang memadai. Untuk mencegah semakin turunnya kualitas sumberdaya arkeologi yang berupa bangunan pesanggrahan dapat dikemukakan hal-hal sebagi berikut: sebagai langkah awal tentunya perlu diupayakan inventarisasi maupun penelitian yang cukup lengkap dan menyeluruh terhadap tinggalan bangunan-bangunan pesanggrahan yang ada. Selanjutnya langkah-langkah ini hendaknya diikuti pula dengan penerbitan SK BCB sebagai pengikat bagi para penguna ataupun pengelola bangunan-bangunan tersebut.
Beberapa Tinggalan Kepurbakalaan Islam Di Kawasan Yogyakarta Bagian Selatan: Kaitannya Dengan Kerajaan Mataram Islam
Authors: Chawari Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Seiring dengan hal tersebut, dari beberapa penelitian di daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta bagian selatan yang dilakukan dalam bentuk survei dan ekskavasi oleh Balai Arkeologi Yogyakarta mulai tahun 1978, telah dihasilkan sejumlah bukti-bukti peninggalan Islam, baik berupa bangunan, benda-benda non monumental, maupun sisa-sisa pemukiman dan hasil kegiatan manusia. Setelah dicermati, hasil-hasil peninggalan tersebut sebagian besar dapat diketahui kronologinya, yaitu berasal dari sekitar abad XVI s.d. XVIII, meskipun beberapa data sulit untuk dapat diketahui kronologi yang sesungguhnya.
Seni Tradisi Dan Folklor Sebagai Suatu Elemen Pendukung Data Arkeologis Dalam Mencari Harijadi Sebuah Kota/ Wilayah (Studi Kasus di Pasuruan, Jawa Timur)
Authors: Lelono Hari
Published: April 2021

Data dan informasi berupa seni, tradisi dan cerita rakyat (folklor) merupakan acuan pendukung, karena biasanya di situ ada obyek arkeologisnya, biasanya juga ada infomasi berupa kisah-kisah, riwayat-riwayat para tokoh tertentu yang berhubungan dengan situs. Informasi tersebut sangat penting guna menambah argumentatif yang akan dikemukan dalam forum seminar-seminar harijadi dengan aparatur Pemerintah daerah dan para anggota dewan. Data berupa tutur, seni dan tradisi tersebut juga dapat ditulis sebagai muatan sejarah lokal bagi daerah yang bersangkutan.
On Accepting the Null Hypothesis of Conditional Independence in Partial Correlation Networks: A Bayesian Analysis
Authors: Williams Donald Ray , Briganti Giovanni , Linkowski Paul , Mulder Joris
Published: April 2021

Partial correlation networks have emerged as an increasingly popular model for studyingmental disorders. Although conditional independence is a fundamental concept in networkanalysis, which corresponds to the null hypothesis, the focus is typically to detect and thenvisualize non-zero partial correlations (i.e., the “edges” connecting nodes) in a graph. As aresult, it may be tempting to interpret a missing edge as providing evidence for itsabsence—analogously to misinterpreting a non-significant p-value. In this work, we firstestablish that a missing edge is incorrectly interpreted as providing evidence for conditionalindependence, with examples spanning from substantive applications to tutorials thatinstruct researchers to misinterpret their networks. We then go beyond misguided“inferences” and establish that null associations are interesting in their own right. In thefollowing section, three illustrative examples are provided that employ Bayesian hypothesistesting to formally evaluate the null hypothesis, including a reanalysis of twopsychopathology networks, confirmatory testing to determine whether a particularpost-traumatic stress disorder symptom is disconnected from the network, and attenuationdue to correcting for covariates. Our results shed light upon conditionally independentsymptoms and demonstrate that a missing edge does not necessarily correspond toevidence for the null hypothesis. These findings are accompanied with a simulation studythat provides insights into the sample size needed to accurately detect null relations. Weconclude with implications for both clinical to theoretical inquiries.
Minding your own business? Mindfulness decreases prosocial behavior for those with independent self-construals
Authors: Poulin Michael , Ministero Lauren , Gabriel Shira , Morrison Carrie , Naidu Esha
Published: April 2021

Mindfulness appears to promote individual well-being, but its interpersonal effects are less clear. Two studies in adult populations tested whether the effects of mindfulness on prosocial behavior differ by self-construals. In Study 1 (N = 366), a brief mindfulness induction, compared to a meditation control, led to decreased prosocial behavior among people with relatively independent self-construals, but had the opposite effect among those with relatively interdependent self-construals. In Study 2 (N = 325), a mindfulness induction led to decreased prosocial behavior among those primed with independence, but had the opposite effect among those primed with interdependence. The effects of mindfulness on prosocial behavior appear to depend on individuals' broader social goals. This may have implications for the increasing popularity of mindfulness training around the world.
The Usual Suspects: How psychological motives and thinking styles predict the endorsement of well-known and COVID-19 conspiracy beliefs
Authors: Gligorić Vukašin , Silva Margarida , Eker Selin Gül , van Hoek Nieke , Nieuwenhuijzen Ella , Popova Uljana , Zeighami Golnar
Published: April 2021

Research on belief in conspiracy theories identified many predictors, but often failed to investigate them together. In the present study, we tested how the most important predictors of beliefs in conspiracy theories explain endorsing COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 conspiracy theories, and conspiracy mentality. Apart from these three measures of conspiratorial thinking, participants (N = 354) completed several measures of epistemic, existential, and social psychological motives, as well as cognitive processing variables. While many predictors had significant correlations, only three consistently explained conspiratorial beliefs when included in one model: higher spirituality (the most important predictor), higher narcissism, and lower analytical thinking. Compared to the other two conspiratorial measures, predictors less explained belief in COVID-19 conspiracy theories, but this depended on items’ content. We conclude that the same predictors apply to belief in both COVID and non-COVID conspiracies, and identify spirituality as an important, but previously overlooked contributor to such beliefs.
Sweet and bitter near-threshold solutions activate cross-modal correspondence between taste and shapes of cups
Authors: SOLE JORDI PICH , Chuquichambi Erick Gustavo , Blay Nicole , Corradi Guido , Munar Enric
Published: April 2021

Recent studies have pointed out some cross-modal correspondences between flavoured beverages, as well as basic taste solutions, and specific geometric visual cues. Some of them associate known drink tastes to shapes of receptacles. In particular, sweetness is associated with curved receptacles and bitterness with sharp-angled ones. Our study aimed to test the hypothesis according to which near-threshold solutions might also activate this cross-modal correspondence. We used two different cup forms, one curved and the other sharp-angled, with pure sweet and bitter solutions just above sensorial thresholds. We designed two tasks using a two-alternative forced-choice test. Participants had to decide which drink was sweeter, Task 1, and bitterer, Task 2, from the curved and sharp-angled cups. Results showed the cross-modal correspondence but only when participants drank first from the curved cup and second from the sharp-angled cup. The effect disappeared when participants drank first from the sharp-angled cup and second from the curved cup. This suggests that the correspondence emerges using sweet and bitter near-threshold solutions in specific conditions. On the other hand, results also showed that confidence level of responses was significantly higher in the bitter task than in the sweet task. We discuss these complex results in the light of different theoretical proposals to explain this cross-modal correspondence.
Did Alcohol Policy Really Cause the Postsocialist Mortality Crisis? Revisiting the Rebound and Affordability Hypotheses
Authors: Azarova Aytalina , Scheiring Gábor , Ash Michael , King Lawrence
Published: April 2021

This article reexamines the argument that alcohol policies were the major factor behind the mortality crisis in postsocialist Russia. We show that the correlation between the Gorbachev anti-alcohol campaign (rebound hypothesis), alcohol prices in the 1990s (affordability hypothesis), and mortality reported in previous analyses is not robust to splitting oblasts into Far-East and the rest of Russia. Our analysis conducted on a sample of 534 towns in the European part of Russia also finds no robust evidence supporting the two hypotheses. In contrast, findings linking privatization to mortality are robust to controlling for the anti-alcohol campaign and the affordability of alcohol.
Conceptualizing vacation dedication
Authors: Ring Amata , Yanamandram Venkata , Gretzel Ulrike , Dolnicar Sara
Published: April 2021

To better understand and predict tourism demand, we introduce the concept of vacation dedication to the tourism literature. Vacation dedication is a form of enthusiasm for and devotion to going on vacation. It is an enduring urge to go on vacation that is so strong that it persists in spite of external constraints. We empirically test its links to the well-established constructs of travel involvement, commitment, and tourist identity. Affective commitment emerges as most strongly associated with vacation dedication, pointing to an important emotional component.
Geology, structure and metamorphism of the Lesser Himalayan metasedimentary sequence in Pokhara region, western Nepal
Authors: Paudel L. P. , Arita K.
Published: April 2021

The Lesser Himalaya in the Pokhara region, western Nepal, comprises low grade metamorphic rocks of the Nawakot Complex in the south and mylonitic rocks of the Main Central Thrust Zone in the north. It is delimited in the north by the Main Central Thrust (MCT), which brings the kyanite gneisses of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines over the Lesser Himalayan metasediments. Cross-cutting pegmatite veins injected prior and posterior to the main deformation event are reported for the first time from the MCT Zone. The Phalebas Thrust, Lumle Thrust and the MCT are the major structural discordances, which divide the area into various tectonic zones with different style and intensity of deformation. At least three deformation events are recognised in each tectonic zone. Sense of shearing is always top to the south in the MCT Zone.

The Higher Himalayan Crystallines and the Lesser Himalayan metasediments show marked differences both in history and grade of metamorphism. The gneisses of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines exhibit polyphase metamorphism. The older high grade (kyanite-grade) metamorphism formed pyrope-rich cores in garnets and plagioclase with An>20%. The younger retrograde metamorphism caused to recrystallise phengitic muscovite and to form retrograde chemical zoning in garnets. The Lesser Himalaya shows syn- to post-tectonic, garnet-grade, inverted prograde metarnrophism. The grade of metamorphism increases from chlorite zone in the south to the biotite zone below the Lumle Thrust and the garnet zone in the MCT Zone. The garnets show prograde zoning pattern, muscovite gradually becomes poor in celadonite component, biotite becomes rich in Ti-content, and Ca-amphiboles become rich in Na and K from south towards the MCT. Both the Lesser Himalayan metasediments and the Higher Himalayan Crystallines have experienced the late-stage weak regression due to uplift and erosion.
Origin of thick coal seam in the Gondwana sequence of Jamalgonj basin, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md. Sultan-Ul-
Published: April 2021

The Jamalgonj basin is an E-W elongated graben/half-graben type intracratonic basin in the Stable Shelf/Bogra Slope of the Platform area of Bangladesh. The present basin area is more sagged and deepest part of the Permian basin and is thought to be the easternmost continuation of Gondwana basins in India. The basin contains Gondwana sequence (>555 m) with more than seven coal seams of variable thickness.

The coals are high volatile bituminous type and contain high ash, low sulphur, moderate to high vitrinite, moderate inertinite, low exinite and high mineral matter. Lower seams are high in vitrinite than those of the upper. The coal seams contain several intraseam partings of shaley coal, coaly shale and carbonaceous shale/mudstone.

The thick coal seams were deposited in moderately to poorly drained, densely vegetated and comparatively long persistent backswamps adjacent to the channel-floodplain environments of fluvial regime. This type of thick seams are thought to be formed due to the combined interaction of several factors such as, localised aggradation of fluvial channel, abandonment of part of the channel area, slow and steady subsidence, long and protected time of peat accumulation, favourable palaeoclimate, palaeoflora, etc. with variable magnitude.
Pisarz, który nie cierpiał realizacji swoich książek
Authors: Tambor Agnieszka
Published: April 2021

Stanisław Lem chronicznie nie znosił filmów opartych na jego tekstach, a każdą adaptację, która kiedykolwiek powstała, traktował jak świętokradztwo. Pisarz mimo wielkiego zainteresowania jego dzieła przez przemysł filmowy, nigdy nie był zachwycony ekranizacjami. Okropny to jedno z łagodniejszych słów, których używał w stosunku do „swoich” filmów.  Czy to charakter pisarza nie dopuszczał jakichkolwiek zmian w napisanych przez niego tekstach, czy nie dostrzegał Lem prawideł rządzących językiem filmu i nie dopuszczał do siebie ram procesu tłumaczenia audiowizualnego i niezbędnych czasem ingerencji w treść?
Organy dozoru jądrowego w strukturze administracji rządowej w Polsce
Authors: Nowacki Tomasz R.
Published: April 2021

This article discusses the current position of the supreme nuclear regulatory authority in Poland – the President of the National Atomic Energy Agency (PAA President) in the structure of government administration in the light of provisions of the Polish Constitution and of international and European law, taking into account the principle of independence of nuclear regulatory authorities. A particular attention was paid to the critical analysis of the current subordination of the PAA President to the supervision of the minister responsible for the environment. Based on the arguments relating to the importance of the tasks of the PAA President and their importance for national security, their multifaceted character in relation to various sectors of government administration, as well as on the basis of comparative and historical ones, it is postulated to restore the supervision of the Prime Minister over the PAA President.
AN INTELLIGENT TUTORING SYSTEM FOR LEARNING LISTENING TOEIC
Authors: Kusumaningrum Maria Asumpta Deny , Pertiwi Dewanti Ratna
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, English proficiency to be one of the main requirements when someone continuous study and applies for a job. One of them is TOEIC (Test of English for International Communication). In SMK AAG Penerbangan Adisutjipto Yogyakarta, TOEIC is used to measure the studentsâ€™ English proficiency. Various job vacancy advertisements require the applicants to achieve the standard TOEIC score. Therefore, preparation for taking English proficiency is needed to equip the students ready in facing the TOEIC test. Artificial intelligence (AI) technology can help to improve the studentsâ€™ English proficiency. The use of AI becomes higher due to the advantages such as flexibility, accurateness, and direct feedback. This program applied AI technology to develop listening skill in TOEIC of the students in SMK AAG Penerbangan Adisutjipto Yogyakarta. The result from this community service is the students know the skills and strategies to do the listening skill in TOEIC test. Â Â Â
The History of Saskatchewan’s Public Health Association Policy Initiatives, 1954–86: A Regional Comparison for Preventative Health Policy Work in Canada
Authors: Vandenberg Helen , Martin Wanda , Dietrich Leurer Marie , Ens Andrea
Published: April 2021

After the Second World War, health prevention work in Canada shifted from a focus on sanitation and hygiene to illness prevention and health promotion. Canada became a significant global leader, beginning with the Lalonde Report of 1974. Yet less is known about the provincial public health associations and how their work differed from that of the national body. The purpose of this article is to examine the Saskatchewan Public Health Association’s (SPHA) policy work from 1954 to 1986. Utilizing meeting minutes and newsletters, we found that while both national and provincial associations made efforts to prevent accidents, reduce tobacco use, and fluoridate water, the SPHA tended to advocate more for child health, and the cautious use of nuclear power. At the same time, the SPHA’s resolutions tended to ignore emerging factors shaping health, including the social determinants of health, regional inequities, lack of public trust in experts, misinformation, and human psychology. Examining the SPHA’s records revealed that region mattered in preventative policy work.
The Spillover Effects of Covid-19 on Halal Industry: An Overview and Way Forward
Authors: Jaiyeoba Haruna Babatunde
Published: April 2021

This study explores the spillover effects of Covid-19 on halal industry in order to provide a way forward for this industry. Covid-19 pandemic was first discovered in Wuhan city of China before subsequent spread to other countries around the world. To minimise the loss of life and health, governments and global leaders have initiated a series of measures, such as national emergency lockdown, movement restriction (Movement Control Order (MCO), social distancing, suspension of public gatherings beyond a certain number, etc. Albeit essential, these measures have resulted in a major economic crisis with devastating effects on businesses and industries, including halal industry. Against this backdrop, this study, therefore, intends to expose relevant parties in halal industry to the effects of Covid-19 pandemic to better initiate appropriate mechanisms to stabilise this industry and place it on its earlier projected growth trajectory. To achieve its aim, the researcher draws on the real-world observations and relevant publications in this area of study to discuss the spillover effects of Covid-19 on halal industry with specific focus on three sectors, namely halal food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and Muslim friendly travel. Having discussed the spillover effects of Covid-19 on halal food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals, and Muslim friendly travel, the way forward and the implications for the halal industry are offered.
Bibliometric Analysis on Halal Cosmetics Over Twenty Years
Authors: Azmi Nor Azrini Nadiha , Mohd Noor Nurul Auni , Elgharbawy Amal A.M.
Published: April 2021

Purpose – Halal cosmetics area is progressively increasing these days. This bibliometric analysis is intended to systematically evaluate the research to brief researchers about the trend of halal cosmetics field. This paper also discloses the limitations of the studies in the area. Design/methodology/approach – This paper adopted bibliometric and network analysis to evaluate the research area. A total of 82 documents obtained from the Scopus database are extracted and analysed. Findings – The paper reports the type of documents available, the years published, authorship and geographical distribution of the published documents in the halal cosmetics area. From the keyword analysis, it is found that the most used words are halal cosmetics, halal, cosmetics, purchase intention, Malaysia, and Islamic marketing. Research limitations/implications – This bibliometric study is conducted using Scopus database; however, Scopus might possibly omit some publications, thus, authors might not report the missing studies. Halal cosmetics are still in the early years of publications, and only 82 published documents were analysed in the study. Originality/value – There is no study reported on the network analysis and bibliometric study techniques in the area of halal cosmetics.
Toksisitas Daun Miana (Coleus scutellarioides (L) Benth) Sebagai Antibakteri Pada Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Basir Buana , Isnansetyo Alim , Istiqomah Indah , Jabbar Firmansyah Bin Abd
Published: April 2021

Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk menganalisis toksisitas daun miana sebagai antibakteri pada udang vanamei. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Maret sampai Oktober 2019, di Laboratorium Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Kelautan (STITEK) Makassar. Sampel daun miana berasal dari beberapa daerah di Sulawesi Selatan. Uji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun miana dengan tiga fraksi, yaitu ethanol, n-hexane, dan chloroform menggunakan metode difusi kertas cakram dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 500 µg/mL dan 1000 µg/mL, sebanyak tiga kali ulangan. Uji toksisitas metode BST (LC70) dengan konsentrasi uji 2500, 1250, 625, 312.5, 156.25, 78.125 µg/mL. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji aktivitas ekstrak daun miana tertinggi pada fraksi chloroform, dengan diameter hambat 28 mm. Sementara pada antibiotik oxytetracycline diameter hambat sebesar 31 mm. Nilai toksisitas pada tingkat mortalitas 30% pada konsentrasi 1250 µg/mL. Ekstrak daun miana fraksi chloroform mampu menggantikan peran antibiotic oxytetracycline dengan penggunaan konsentrasi dibawah 1250 µg/mL.
Acute Kidney Injury in Heroin Users
Authors:   Clinic of Nephrology and Dialysis, „Sf. Ioan”Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, VACAROIU Ileana Adela , RADULESCU Daniela ,   Clinic of Nephrology and Dialysis, „Sf. Ioan”Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania, STANESCU Anca Ioana ,   Clinic of Nephrology and Dialysis, „Sf. Ioan”Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
Published: April 2021

The article presents a case of severe necrotizing fasciitis and rhabdomyolysis-induced acute tubular necrosis resulting from the injection of heroin laced with a plant-fertilizer known as „Pure by magic”. We also review the literature data regarding the renal adverse effects of heroin. Due to the diversity of adulterants used by drug dealers for cutting heroin and the variety of substances patients mix the heroin with before injecting themselves, the effects of this practice are often unknown and the treatment lacks of antidote, being strictly symptomatic.
Outcomes for various dural graft materials after posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty for Chiari malformation type I: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yahanda Alexander T , Simon Laura E , Limbrick David D.
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

Posterior fossa decompression with duraplasty (PFDD) is often used for Chiari malformation type I (CM-I), but outcomes associated with different dural graft materials are not well characterized. In this meta-analysis, the authors examined complication rates and outcomes after PFDD for CM-I for autografts and four types of nonautologous grafts.

METHODS

A literature search of numerous electronic databases (Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment Database, NHS Economic Evaluation Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov) was performed to identify articles detailing complications for dural graft materials after PFDD. Whenever available, data were also extracted regarding the need for revision surgery, symptom changes after PFDD, and syrinx size changes after PFDD. All searches were compliant with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), Institute of Medicine, Standards for Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, and Peer Review of Electronic Search Strategies guidelines. There were no exclusion criteria based on patient age or presence or absence of syringomyelia.

RESULTS

The current evidence surrounding outcomes for various dural graft materials was found to be of low or very low quality. Twenty-seven studies were included, encompassing 1461 patients. Five types of dural graft materials were included: autograft (n = 404, 27.6%), synthetic (n = 272, 18.6%), bovine pericardium (n = 181, 12.4%), collagen-based (n = 397, 27.2%), and allograft (n = 207, 14.2%). Autograft was associated with a significantly lower rate of pseudomeningocele compared to collagen-based grafts, allografts, and nonautologous grafts in aggregate. Autograft was also associated with the lowest rates of aseptic meningitis, infectious meningitis, and need for revision PFDD, though these associations did not reach statistical significance. No other graft comparisons yielded significant results. Autograft and nonautologous graft materials yielded similar rates of revision surgery and produced similar improvements in postoperative symptoms and syrinx size.

CONCLUSIONS

Autograft was the dural graft material that most frequently had the lowest rate of complications and was associated with significantly lower rates of pseudomeningocele compared to collagen-based graft, allograft, and nonautologous graft materials. Autografts and nonautologous grafts yielded similar outcomes for revision surgery, symptoms, and syrinx size. Large prospective studies comparing different graft materials are needed to accurately and precisely characterize outcomes for individual graft types.
Resident operative experience in pediatric neurosurgery across the United States
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Hersh David S , Smith Luke G. F , Gordon William E , Khan Nickalus R , Gienapp Andrew J , Gungor Busra , Herr Michael J , Vaughn Brandy N , Michael L. Madison , Klimo Paul
Published: April 2021

OBJECTIVE

Neurosurgical residents receive exposure to the subspecialty of pediatric neurosurgery during training. The authors sought to determine resident operative experience in pediatric neurosurgery across Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)–accredited neurosurgical programs.

METHODS

During 2018–2019, pediatric neurosurgical case logs for recent graduates or current residents who completed their primary pediatric exposure were collected from US continental ACGME training programs. Using individual resident reports and procedure designations, operative volumes and case diversity were analyzed collectively, according to training site characteristics, and also correlated with the recently described Resident Experience Score (RES).

RESULTS

Of the 114 programs, a total of 316 resident case logs (range 1–19 residents per program) were received from 86 (75%) programs. The median cumulative pediatric case volume per resident was 109 (IQR 75–161). Residents at programs with a pediatric fellowship reported a higher median case volume (143, IQR 96–187) than residents at programs without (91, IQR 66–129; p < 0.0001). Residents at programs that outsource their pediatric rotation had a lower median case volume (84, IQR 52–114) compared with those at programs with an in-house experience (117, IQR 79–170; p < 0.0001). The case diversity index among all programs ranged from 0.61 to 0.80, with no statistically significant differences according to the Accreditation Council for Pediatric Neurosurgery Fellowships designation or pediatric experience site (p > 0.05). The RES correlated moderately (r = 0.44) with median operative volumes per program. A program’s annual pediatric operative volume and duration of pediatric experience were identified as significant predictive factors for median resident operative volume.

CONCLUSIONS

Resident experience in pediatric neurosurgery is variable within and between programs. Case volumes are generally higher for residents at programs with in-house exposure and an accredited fellowship, but case diversity is relatively uniform across all programs. RES provides some insight on anticipated case volume, but other unexplained factors remain.
FIVE LAWS OF LIBRARY SCIENCE: SEBUAH PEMIKIRAN YANG DINAMIS DARI RANGANATHAN
Authors: Rohana Rohana , Adryawin Iwin
Published: April 2021

Fokus penelitian ini adalah pemikiran Ranganathan mengenai konsep dasarperpustakaan yang dikenal dengan Lima Hukum Ilmu Perpustakaan dari Ranganathan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pemikiran ilmu perpustakaan dari tokoh Ranganathan sebagai pijakan dalam implementasi dan pengembangan perpustakaan ke depan. Metode penelitian menggunakan library research (penelitian literatur) dan bersifat deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik baca catat. Kemudian dianalisis dengan teknik analisis isi.Hasil penelitian ini adalah Konsep Five Laws of Library Science Ranganathanmerupakan konsep yang dinamis, bukan sesuatu yang sudah sempurna dan final. Oleh karenanya, hukum Ranganathan tersebut harus senantiasa dikaji dan dikembangkan menurut kebutuhan dan visi, serta misi perpustakaan itu sendiri. Lima Hukum tersebut adalah 1. Books are for use (buku untuk dimanfaatkan). 2. Every reader his book (setiap pembaca terdapat bukunya). 3. Every book its reader (setiap buku terdapat pembacanya). 4. Save the time of the reader (hemat waktu pembaca). 5. A library is a growing organism (perpustakaan adalah organisme yang berkembang).Kata Kunci: Ranganathan, Ilmu Perpustakaan
Researching Digital Methods of Generation Signals of Hydroacoustic Phased Antenna Grids
Authors: Alexandrov V. , Buyanov A. , Markova L. , Sivers M.
Published: April 2021

Solving tasks of creation, correction and parametric control of signals excitation hydroacoustic phased antenna grids is actual problem of creating multichannel generated devices, based on switch-mode amplifiers with pulse-width modulation. In this article were reviewed correction methods output signals of hydroacoustic transmission paths, periodic pulse sequence creation and parametric voltage level control of excitation channels of phased antenna grid with abrupt decrease impedance of hydroacoustic converters. Was shown the perspective implementation digital technologies for improvement parameters modes of hydrolocation with deterministic library of signals. Presented digital control methods of output signals in hydroacoustic transmission paths are characterized by scientific novelty and originality of the proposed technical decisions.
Guerrillas and Fish in Uganda
Authors: Johnson Jennifer L.
Published: April 2021

On 29 January 1986, Yoweri Kaguta Museveni was sworn in as President of the Republic of Uganda and his National Resistance Movement (NRM) and National Resistance Army (NRA) became the first guerrilla force to successfully overthrow a government in postcolonial Africa. Some thirty years after the NRM's bush war was won, the Ugandan military, with President Museveni still at the helm, began officially waging what it calls a guerrilla war against its own citizens. The goal of Museveni's second guerrilla war was not to bring forth yet another anti-imperial democratic revolution. It was instead designed to sustainably develop fisheries production in Lake Victoria, a task Museveni claims exclusive abilities to successfully steward for the benefit the Ugandan nation as a whole. Transformations in Lake Victoria's fisheries ecology that predated the NRM's rise to power, and indeed, predated the formal independence of the Ugandan state were shaped by and shape managerial logics that continue to justify violence against fishworkers in order to enact conventional conceptions of sustainability. Memories of tragedy and success bound up in national narratives of the 1981-1986 war for anti-imperial democratic revolution work to maintain managerial logics and regulatory regimes imposed by the former British colonial state.
Towards the New Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework
Authors: Mrema Elizabeth Maruma
Published: April 2021

While 2020 –dubbed the “Super Year for Nature –has seen the world battling an unforeseen global pandemic, this article comes back on the Convention of Biological Diversity and its regime, studies the aim of the negotiations of the post-2020 global biodiversity framework and the relevance of this framework for the planet, considering that the protection of biological diversity impacts all aspects of human life, including the full enjoying of human rights and protection against future pandemics.