bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaginary work: media representations of work and gender in Italy from the economic miracle to the present day
Authors: Sangiovanni Andrea
Published: April 2024

The article explores media depictions of industrial labour in Italy, with a special focus on visual, film and television portrayals, spanning from the 1960s to the first two decades of the twenty-first century. Rather than delving into an analysis of labour processes, the primary objective of the article is to scrutinise the gendered representations of work and whether and how the representation of work, including all professions, has played a pivotal role in shaping narratives about Italian society and its inherent contradictions. In this context, the article also emphasises the significance of what remains unrepresented, highlighting the absence of work as equally consequential as its presence. Of particular importance within this exploration is the examination of women's work, a realm less frequently depicted than that of men. The article dedicates specific attention to unravelling the nuances of women's role in the workforce, recognising their portrayal as a key element in understanding broader narratives about Italian society and its complexities.
Does the Options Market Underreact to Firms’ Left-Tail Risk?
Authors: Chen Bei , Gan Quan , Vasquez Aurelio
Published: April 2024

We show that firms’ left-tail risk positively predicts future returns of crash insurance. We proxy crash insurance with bear spreads, an option trading strategy that profits when extreme negative returns occur. Crash insurance for high (low) left-tail risk firms earns positive (negative) returns, suggesting that the downside protection it provides is not adequately priced. Our results are mainly explained by two types of underreaction: volatility underreaction in high left-tail risk portfolios and underreaction to the persistence of left-tail risk. Disagreement partially explains our results, but a risk-based approach does not.
Midlife diseases of despair and cardiometabolic risk: testing shared origins in adolescent psychopathology
Authors: Dent Kallisse R. , Brennan Grace M. , Khalifeh Lara , Richmond-Rakerd Leah S.
Published: April 2024

Background

Rising midlife mortality in the United States is largely attributable to ‘deaths of despair’ (deaths from suicide, drug poisonings, and alcohol-related diseases) and deaths from cardiometabolic conditions. Although despair- and cardiometabolic-related mortality are increasing concurrently, it is unclear whether they share common developmental origins. We tested adolescent psychopathology as a potential common origin of midlife diseases of despair and cardiometabolic risk.

Methods

Participants (N = 4578) were from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, a nationally representative cohort followed from adolescence to early midlife. Adolescent psychopathology included depression, anxiety, eating disorders, PTSD, conduct disorder, and ADHD at ages 11–18. Diseases of despair (suicidality, substance misuse, pain, and sleep problems) and cardiometabolic risk (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, high-risk waist circumference, diabetes, and cardiovascular conditions) were multi-modally measured at ages 33–43.

Results

At midlife, adolescents who experienced psychopathology exhibited more indicators of despair-related diseases and cardiometabolic risk (IRRs = 1.67 [1.46–1.87] and 1.13 [1.04–1.21], respectively), even after accounting for demographics, adolescent SES, and adolescent cognitive ability. Associations were evident for internalizing and externalizing conditions, and in a dose–response fashion. In mediation analyses, low education explained little of these associations, but early-adult substance use explained 21.5% of psychopathology's association with despair-related diseases. Midlife despair-related diseases and cardiometabolic risk co-occurred within individuals (IRR = 1.12 [1.08–1.16]). Adolescent psychopathology accounted for 8.3% of this co-occurrence, and 16.7% together with adolescent SES and cognitive ability.

Conclusions

Adolescent psychopathology precedes both diseases of despair and cardiometabolic risk. Prevention and treatment of psychopathology may mitigate multiple causes of poor midlife health, reducing premature mortality.
Selfhood, persistence, and immortality in Jaina philosophy
Authors: Bajželj Ana
Published: April 2024

This article explores the notion of immortality in Jaina philosophy by focusing on the problem of the persistence of the self. It considers the concept of persistence within the broader context of Jaina metaphysics and its specific application to living beings. The article analyses the relationship between the immaterial self and its material body to determine which aspects of living beings can be deemed immortal or persisting beyond death. It also investigates the state of liberation as an immortal condition. Drawing from the Tattvârtha-sūtra and four of its commentaries, the article demonstrates the complexity of the Jaina treatment of the issue of the self's persistence over time and its commitment to the doctrine of non-one-sidedness. It also shows that Jaina philosophers deal with this critical philosophical problem in a way that reflects their engagement with the intellectual debates of their time.
Beyond text to God: Bonaventure's transformation of exegetical method from his Breviloquium to Itinerarium mentis in Deum (1257–1259)
Authors: Lo Jonathan Chung-Yan
Published: April 2024

In 1257, the election of Bonaventure of Bagnoregio (c. 1217–1274) as leader of the Franciscan Order thrust him from the regulated world of academia into the polarised world of the Order. In his Breviloquium, completed just after his transition from a scholastic to an administrative and pastoral role, exegesis was mainly a form of intellectual contemplation mediated by Scripture. In his Itinerarium mentis in Deum, completed in 1259, exegesis became a form of contemplative encounter with the textual origin, Christ. This transformation of exegetical method in response to changing contexts and audiences manifests a different way of relating to Scripture.
The fiscal transformation of the Spanish Carrera de Indias in the 17th century: a reinterpretation
Authors: Lamikiz Xabier
Published: April 2024

This article examines the fiscal transformation of Spain's trade with Spanish America during the 17th century. It analyses the taxation of trade combined with the evolution of the Hispanic Monarchy's long-term domestic debt. To this end, the author looks at the almojarifazgo de Indias (main customs duty), its juro (annuity) obligations and the evolution of the transatlantic trade. He argues that the fall in customs revenue and the increasing non-payment of the juros issued against the almojarifazgo were neither a consequence of the alleged crisis of the Carrera de Indias nor of the higher incidence of fraud. The Crown was not interested in exerting greater fiscal pressure on the trade or fighting fraud at the customs houses of Seville and Cadiz as the increased tax revenue would have gone entirely to service the unpaid juros. Instead, the fiscal burden shifted towards extraordinary contributions that were free of juro obligations.
Queen Victoria, M. M. Bhownaggree, and the “Gujaratee-Speaking Community of India”
Authors: Mcleod John
Published: April 2024

This essay examines an 1877 Gujarati translation of Queen Victoria's Leaves from the Journal of Our Life in the Highlands. It was the work of M. M. Bhownaggree, later a British MP. The essay explores the circumstances under which Bhownaggree undertook the translation, its content, and its intended audience. It closes with some observations on the book's place in the history of Indian royalism, the place of Indian royalism in the development of modern Gujarati literature, and the interplay of the Gujarati identity that was emerging in the latter part of the nineteenth century with both royalism and Indian nationalism.
Queen Victoria through Punjabi Eyes: The Travel Writings of Hardevi
Authors: Minocha Arti
Published: April 2024

This essay examines two travel narratives written by Hardevi, a woman from Lahore who traveled to London for Queen Victoria's jubilee in 1887. The accounts contain Hardevi's narration of her journey by ship and describe the celebrations. Hardevi showcases the queen's marital home and her conjugal life, seamlessly accommodating them within reformist constructions of a modern, educated, pativrata (conjugally virtuous) Indian woman. Hardevi's encounter with the queen at the heart of the empire opens up a conceptual space of possibilities for a modern, gendered self. This article examines her deployment of a mode of subjectivity that allows her to be, simultaneously, an obedient and fascinated colonial subject of the imperial spectacle and also a citizen-subject who claims the agency of critique.
“Qayṣar-i Hindūstān Vīktūriyā”: Negotiating Loyalty in Late Nineteenth-Century Parsi Laudatory Verse
Authors: Mukherjee Ayesha
Published: April 2024

To mark Queen Victoria's jubilee celebrations, many Indian authors composed laudatory literature and music in their vernacular languages. Although these works were often dismissed as “enthusiastic effusions” from poets of dubious ability, they offer intricate examples of the varied meanings the queen's presence had for Indian writers. They illustrate the subtle manipulation of laudatory verse for purposes other than praise; and they frequently offer instances of sophisticated, multilingual intertextuality and reuses of literary traditions of praise (and subversion) in India's precolonial past. This article examines examples of Persianate laudatory writing produced by three Parsi writers in colonial India and demonstrates how these works performed “loyalty” in contested, ambivalent ways.
A Strategic Eurocentrism: The Construction of Ottoman Evolutionism in an Uneven World (1870–1900)
Authors: Kolland Daniel
Published: April 2024

Istanbul's intellectual life saw an evolutionist paradigm shift during the Hamidian period (1876–1908). Two generations of intellectuals used their privileged education and the burgeoning printing press to popularize evolutionism to advance global and local claims. On the one hand, selective readings of evolutionism allowed them to claim Ottoman adherence to a superior Caucasian race and to claim belonging to the circle of “civilized nations.” On the other hand, by hailing themselves champions of a new positivist age, oppositional evolutionists sought to challenge the Hamidian establishment and the kind of Islam it represented. Because examinations of Ottoman evolutionism in the Hamidian period reveal the interconnections between new globalized ways of ordering the world, the rise of new Ottoman elites, and conflicting strategies to guarantee imperial survival in the asymmetrical age of empire, they allow transcending narratives centered on the (ir)reconcilability of Islam and evolutionary theories.
Twenty-five rice research priorities for sustainable rice systems by 2050
Authors: Edwards Glory I. , Nelson Katherine M. , Le Clec'h Solen , Luu Tang , Coast Onoriode , Futakuchi Koichi , Kok Kasper
Published: April 2024

Non-technical Summary

Agricultural research is vital for sustainable food production, amid changing challenges. To address these challenges effectively and achieve sustainable food systems, researchers and funding bodies have to prioritize research efforts. We conducted horizon scanning to determine how rice systems might change by 2050 and to identify key research gaps. The study involved 101 rice experts from 31 countries who rated the research gaps based on novelty and relevance. The top 25 research gaps encompass sustainability, agricultural development, rice crop science (including genetics, breeding, and physiology), and policies. Addressing these research gaps will contribute toward the sustainability of rice systems.

Technical Summary

Agricultural research and development (AgR&D) is crucial for increasing productivity while preserving natural capital and ensuring sustainable food security. Traditional AgR&D approaches along monodisciplinary lines often have unintended consequences and trade-offs, which can be avoided through integrated and interdisciplinary approaches. One such approach is horizon scanning. We conducted a horizon-scanning activity to identify research gaps to be prioritized for sustainable rice systems by 2050. The horizon scan involved a global and diverse panel of rice experts (101 from 31 countries). The panel responded to questionnaires on the drivers, projections, and research needs for rice AgR&D. Afterward, research gaps were rated on their relevance and novelty to sustainable rice systems. We identified the top 25 research gaps under four themes: sustainability interactions, agricultural development, genetics, breeding and crop physiology, and governance and policies. These gaps highlight research that needs to be prioritized to achieve sustainable rice systems that enhance resilience, conserve biodiversity, and promote socio-economic well-being.

Social media summary

Rice experts select top rice research gaps for achieving sustainable rice systems by 2050.
Brazilian Twin Studies: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fernandes Eloisa de Souza , Ferreira Isabella França , de Felipe Renata Pereira , Segal Nancy , Otta Emma
Published: April 2024

The current study was motivated by an interest in deepening understanding of Brazilian twin research, which is underrepresented internationally, in an effort to rectify this situation. Our aim was threefold: (1) to carry out a comprehensive investigation of Brazilian research on twins according to the area of knowledge; (2) to evaluate the representation of research in the field of psychology in comparison with other areas; (3) to evaluate characteristics of the research that may have contributed to its exclusion from the comprehensive meta-analysis of 50 years of twin research. A scoping review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Titles and abstracts were searched up to 2022 in six databases: CAPES, BDLTD, PePSIC, PubMed, Google Scholar, and SciELO, using selected keywords both in Portuguese and in English (e.g., ‘twins’ and ‘Brazil’; ‘twinning’ and ‘Brazil’; ‘gemelaridade’ [twinning], and ‘gêmeos’ [twins]). Three hundred and forty publications were included in the review. Approximately half (53.8‰) used the classic twin design to investigate the heritability of several traits, and the other half (46.2%) used other research designs. The scoping review showed that the number of publications doubled approximately every 10 years. Most publications were from the health area, with medicine accounting for approximately half of the studies, followed by psychology, odontology, and biology. We found that the interest in studying twins among Brazilian scientists is increasing over the years and there are reasons to be enthusiastic about the potential impact of this trend in the global scenario.
Quasi 6‐Day Planetary Wave Oscillations in Equatorial Plasma Irregularities
Authors: Pedatella N. M. , Aa E. , Maute A.
Published: April 2024

The influence of atmospheric planetary waves on the occurrence of irregularities in the low latitude ionosphere is investigated using Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere‐ionosphere eXtension (WACCM‐X) simulations and Global Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observations. GOLD observations of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) exhibit a ∼6–8 day periodicity during January–February 2021. Analysis of WACCM‐X simulations, which are constrained to reproduce realistic weather variability in the lower atmosphere, reveals that this coincides with an amplification of the westward propagating wavenumber‐1 quasi‐six day wave (Q6DW) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT). The WACCM‐X simulated Rayleigh‐Taylor (R‐T) instability growth rate, considered as a proxy of EPB occurrence, is found to exhibit a ∼6‐day periodicity that is coincident with the enhanced Q6DW in the MLT. Additional WACCM‐X simulations performed with fixed solar and geomagnetic activity demonstrate that the ∼6‐day periodicity in the R‐T instability growth rate is related to the forcing from the lower atmosphere. The simulations suggest that the Q6DW influences the day‐to‐day formation of EPBs through interaction with the migrating semidiurnal tide. This leads to periodic oscillations in the zonal winds, resulting in periodic variability in the strength of the prereversal enhancement, which influences the R‐T instability growth rate and EPBs. The results demonstrate that atmospheric planetary waves, and their interaction with atmospheric tides, can have a significant impact on the day‐to‐day variability of EPBs.
A Novel Ionospheric Inversion Model: PINN‐SAMI3 (Physics Informed Neural Network Based on SAMI3)
Authors: Ma Jiayu , Fu Haiyang , Huba J. D. , Jin Yaqiu
Published: April 2024

Purely data‐driven ionospheric modeling fails to adequately obey fundamental physical laws. To overcome this shortcoming, we propose a novel ionospheric inversion model, Physics‐Informed Neural Network based on fully physical models SAMI3 (PINN‐SAMI3). The model incorporates the governing equations of the ionospheric physical model SAMI3 into the neural network to reconstruct the temporal‐spatial distribution of ionospheric plasma parameters. The objective of this study is to investigate the feasibility of integrating physical models with machine learning for ionospheric modeling. The PINN‐SAMI3 framework enforces physical laws through the multiple ion species of continuity, momentum, temperature equations in the magnetic dipole coordinate system. The simulation results show that if sparse ion densities are used as training data, it is possible to retrieve ionospheric electron densities, ion velocities and ion temperatures, respectively. The optimal physical constraints have been also investigated for different inversion quantities. Furthermore, the impact of incorporating E × B velocity terms on inversion results during the periods of ionospheric calm and geomagnetic storm is analyzed. The PINN‐SAMI3 achieves good inversion results even using sparse data in comparison to the traditional artificial neural networks (ANN). The framework will contribute to advance the future space weather prediction capability with artificial intelligence (AI).
A Mass‐Conserving‐Perceptron for Machine‐Learning‐Based Modeling of Geoscientific Systems
Authors: Wang Yuan‐Heng , Gupta Hoshin V.
Published: April 2024

Although decades of effort have been devoted to building Physical‐Conceptual (PC) models for predicting the time‐series evolution of geoscientific systems, recent work shows that Machine Learning (ML) based Gated Recurrent Neural Network technology can be used to develop models that are much more accurate. However, the difficulty of extracting physical understanding from ML‐based models complicates their utility for enhancing scientific knowledge regarding system structure and function. Here, we propose a physically interpretable Mass‐Conserving‐Perceptron (MCP) as a way to bridge the gap between PC‐based and ML‐based modeling approaches. The MCP exploits the inherent isomorphism between the directed graph structures underlying both PC models and GRNNs to explicitly represent the mass‐conserving nature of physical processes while enabling the functional nature of such processes to be directly learned (in an interpretable manner) from available data using off‐the‐shelf ML technology. As a proof of concept, we investigate the functional expressivity (capacity) of the MCP, explore its ability to parsimoniously represent the rainfall‐runoff (RR) dynamics of the Leaf River Basin, and demonstrate its utility for scientific hypothesis testing. To conclude, we discuss extensions of the concept to enable ML‐based physical‐conceptual representation of the coupled nature of mass‐energy‐information flows through geoscientific systems.
Blockade of TGF-β and PD-L1 by bintrafusp alfa promotes survival in preclinical ovarian cancer models by promoting T effector and NK cell responses
Authors: Kment Jacob , Newsted Daniel , Young Stephanie , Vermeulen Michael C. , Laight Brian J. , Greer Peter A. , Lan Yan , Craig Andrew W.
Published: April 2024

Background

Failure of immunotherapy in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) may be due to high levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in ascites or tumour immune microenvironment (TIME). Here, we test whether coordinated blockade of TGF-β and PD-L1 with bintrafusp alfa (BA) can provoke anti-tumour immune responses in preclinical HGSC models.

Methods

BA is a first-in-class bifunctional inhibitor of TGF-β and PD-L1, and was tested for effects on overall survival and altered TIME in syngeneic HGSC models.

Results

Using a mouse ID8-derived HGSC syngeneic model with IFNγ-inducible PD-L1 expression, BA treatments significantly reduced ascites development and tumour burden. BA treatments depleted TGF-β and VEGF in ascites, and skewed the TIME towards cytotoxicity compared to control. In the BR5 HGSC syngeneic model, BA treatments increased tumour-infiltrating CD8 T cells with effector memory and cytotoxic markers, as well as cytolytic NK cells. Extended BA treatments in the BR5 model produced ∼50% BA-cured mice that were protected from re-challenge. These BA-cured mice had increased peritoneal T-effector memory and NK cells compared to controls.

Conclusions

Our preclinical studies of BA in advanced ovarian cancer models support further testing of BA as an improved immunotherapy option for patients with advanced ovarian cancer.
Inhibition of the galactosyltransferase C1GALT1 reduces osteosarcoma cell proliferation by interfering with ERK signaling and cell cycle progression
Authors: Watanabe Kentaro , Tasaka Keiji , Ogata Hideto , Kato Shota , Ueno Hiroo , Umeda Katsutsugu , Isobe Tomoya , Kubota Yasuo , Sekiguchi Masahiro , Kimura Shunsuke , Sato-Otsubo Aiko , Hiwatari Mitsuteru , Ushiku Tetsuo , Kato Motohiro , Oka Akira , Miyano Satoru , Ogawa Seishi , Takita Junko
Published: April 2024

Novel therapeutic strategies are urgently required for osteosarcoma, given the early age at onset and persistently high mortality rate. Modern transcriptomics techniques can identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) that may serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, so we screened for DEGs in osteosarcoma. We found that osteosarcoma cases could be divided into fair and poor survival groups based on gene expression profiles. Among the genes upregulated in the poor survival group, siRNA-mediated knockdown of the glycosylation-related gene C1GALT1 suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation in culture. Gene expression, phosphorylation, and glycome array analyses also demonstrated that C1GALT1 is required to maintain ERK signaling and cell cycle progression. Moreover, the C1GALT1 inhibitor itraconazole suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation in culture, while doxycycline-induced shRNA-mediated knockdown reduced xenograft osteosarcoma growth in mice. Elevated C1GALT1 expression is a potential early predictor of poor prognosis, while pharmacological inhibition may be a feasible treatment strategy for osteosarcoma.
Age-specific nasal epithelial responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Woodall Maximillian N. J. , Cujba Ana-Maria , Worlock Kaylee B. , Case Katie-Marie , Masonou Tereza , Yoshida Masahiro , Polanski Krzysztof , Huang Ni , Lindeboom Rik G. H. , Mamanova Lira , Bolt Liam , Richardson Laura , Cakir Batuhan , Ellis Samuel , Palor Machaela , Burgoyne Thomas , Pinto Andreia , Moulding Dale , McHugh Timothy D. , Saleh Aarash , Kilich Eliz , Mehta Puja , O’Callaghan Chris , Zhou Jie , Barclay Wendy , De Coppi Paolo , Butler Colin R. , Cortina-Borja Mario , Vinette Heloise , Roy Sunando , Breuer Judith , Chambers Rachel C. , Heywood Wendy E. , Mills Kevin , Hynds Robert E. , Teichmann Sarah A. , Meyer Kerstin B. , Nikolić Marko Z. , Smith Claire M.
Published: April 2024

Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 rarely progress to respiratory failure. However, the risk of mortality in infected people over 85 years of age remains high. Here we investigate differences in the cellular landscape and function of paediatric (<12 years), adult (30–50 years) and older adult (>70 years) ex vivo cultured nasal epithelial cells in response to infection with SARS-CoV-2. We show that cell tropism of SARS-CoV-2, and expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in nasal epithelial cell subtypes, differ between age groups. While ciliated cells are viral replication centres across all age groups, a distinct goblet inflammatory subtype emerges in infected paediatric cultures and shows high expression of interferon-stimulated genes and incomplete viral replication. In contrast, older adult cultures infected with SARS-CoV-2 show a proportional increase in basaloid-like cells, which facilitate viral spread and are associated with altered epithelial repair pathways. We confirm age-specific induction of these cell types by integrating data from in vivo COVID-19 studies and validate that our in vitro model recapitulates early epithelial responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Improving microbial phylogeny with citizen science within a mass-market video game
Authors: Sarrazin-Gendron Roman , Ghasemloo Gheidari Parham , Butyaev Alexander , Keding Timothy , Cai Eddie , Zheng Jiayue , Mutalova Renata , Mounthanyvong Julien , Zhu Yuxue , Nazarova Elena , Drogaris Chrisostomos , Erhart Kornél ,   Borderlands Science Development Team, Bélanger David , Bouffard Michael , Davidson Joshua , Falaise Mathieu , Fiset Vincent , Hebert Steven , Hewitt Dan , Huot Jonathan , Kim Seung , Moreau-Genest Jonathan , Najjab David , Prince Steve , Saintélien Ludger ,   Borderlands Science players, Brouillette Amélie , Richard Gabriel , Pitchford Randy , Caisse Sébastien , Blanchette Mathieu , McDonald Daniel , Knight Rob , Szantner Attila , Waldispühl Jérôme
Published: April 2024

Citizen science video games are designed primarily for users already inclined to contribute to science, which severely limits their accessibility for an estimated community of 3 billion gamers worldwide. We created Borderlands Science (BLS), a citizen science activity that is seamlessly integrated within a popular commercial video game played by tens of millions of gamers. This integration is facilitated by a novel game-first design of citizen science games, in which the game design aspect has the highest priority, and a suitable task is then mapped to the game design. BLS crowdsources a multiple alignment task of 1 million 16S ribosomal RNA sequences obtained from human microbiome studies. Since its initial release on 7 April 2020, over 4 million players have solved more than 135 million science puzzles, a task unsolvable by a single individual. Leveraging these results, we show that our multiple sequence alignment simultaneously improves microbial phylogeny estimations and UniFrac effect sizes compared to state-of-the-art computational methods. This achievement demonstrates that hyper-gamified scientific tasks attract massive crowds of contributors and offers invaluable resources to the scientific community.
Simultaneous single-cell three-dimensional genome and gene expression profiling uncovers dynamic enhancer connectivity underlying olfactory receptor choice
Authors: Wu Honggui , Zhang Jiankun , Jian Fanchong , Chen Jinxin Phaedo , Zheng Yinghui , Tan Longzhi , Sunney Xie X.
Published: April 2024

The simultaneous measurement of three-dimensional (3D) genome structure and gene expression of individual cells is critical for understanding a genome’s structure–function relationship, yet this is challenging for existing methods. Here we present ‘Linking mRNA to Chromatin Architecture (LiMCA)’, which jointly profiles the 3D genome and transcriptome with exceptional sensitivity and from low-input materials. Combining LiMCA and our high-resolution scATAC-seq assay, METATAC, we successfully characterized chromatin accessibility, as well as paired 3D genome structures and gene expression information, of individual developing olfactory sensory neurons. We expanded the repertoire of known olfactory receptor (OR) enhancers and discovered unexpected rules of their dynamics: OR genes and their enhancers are most accessible during early differentiation. Furthermore, we revealed the dynamic spatial relationship between ORs and enhancers behind stepwise OR expression. These findings offer valuable insights into how 3D connectivity of ORs and enhancers dynamically orchestrate the ‘one neuron–one receptor’ selection process.
Modeling of ionic liquids viscosity via advanced white-box machine learning
Authors: Kiani Sajad , Hadavimoghaddam Fahimeh , Atashrouz Saeid , Nedeljkovic Dragutin , Hemmati-Sarapardeh Abdolhossein , Mohaddespour Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Ionic liquids (ILs) are more widely used within the industry than ever before, and accurate models of their physicochemical characteristics are becoming increasingly important during the process optimization. It is especially challenging to simulate the viscosity of ILs since there is no widely agreed explanation of how viscosity is determined in liquids. In this research, genetic programming (GP) and group method of data handling (GMDH) models were used as white-box machine learning approaches to predict the viscosity of pure ILs. These methods were developed based on a large open literature database of 2813 experimental viscosity values from 45 various ILs at different pressures (0.06–298.9 MPa) and temperatures (253.15–573 K). The models were developed based on five, six, and seven inputs, and it was found that all the models with seven inputs provided more accurate results, while the models with five and six inputs had acceptable accuracy and simpler formulas. Based on GMDH and GP proposed approaches, the suggested GMDH model with seven inputs gave the most exact results with an average absolute relative deviation (AARD) of 8.14% and a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.98. The proposed techniques were compared with theoretical and empirical models available in the literature, and it was displayed that the GMDH model with seven inputs strongly outperforms the existing approaches. The leverage statistical analysis revealed that most of the experimental data were located within the applicability domains of both GMDH and GP models and were of high quality. Trend analysis also illustrated that the GMDH and GP models could follow the expected trends of viscosity with variations in pressure and temperature. In addition, the relevancy factor portrayed that the temperature had the greatest impact on the ILs viscosity. The findings of this study illustrated that the proposed models represented strong alternatives to time-consuming and costly experimental methods of ILs viscosity measurement.
Long-term impact of late pulmonary hypertension requiring medication in extremely preterm infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Authors: Kim Chan , Kim Sumin , Kim Hanna , Hwang Jieun , Kim Seung Hyun , Yang Misun , Ahn So Yoon , Sung Se In , Chang Yun Sil
Published: April 2024

This study investigated whether late pulmonary hypertension (LPH) independently increases the risk of long-term mortality or neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) in extremely preterm infants (EPIs) with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Using prospectively collected data from the Korean Neonatal Network, we included EPIs with severe BPD born at 22–27 weeks’ gestation between 2013 and 2021. EPIs having severe BPD with LPH (LPH, n = 124) were matched 1:3 with those without pulmonary hypertension (PH) as controls (CON, n = 372), via propensity score matching. LPH was defined as PH with the initiation of medication after 36 weeks’ corrected age (CA). Long-term mortality after 36 weeks’ CA or NDD at 18–24 months’ CA was analyzed. NDD was assessed using composite scores based on various neurodevelopmental assessment modalities. LPH had significantly higher long-term mortality or NDD (45.2% vs. 23.1%, P < 0.001), mortality (24.2% vs. 4.84%, P < 0.001), and NDD (68.4% vs. 37.8%, P = 0.001), respectively than CON, even after adjusting for different demographic factors. Multivariable regression demonstrated that LPH independently increased the risk of mortality or NDD (adjusted odds ratio, 1.95; 95% confidence intervals, 1.17–3.25). When LPH occurs in EPIs with severe BPD, special monitoring and meticulous care for long-term survival and neurodevelopment are continuously needed.
Dynamic mechanical response and crack evolution law of raw coal loaded by dynamic-static coupling under three-dimensional constraints
Authors: Zhao ShunKun , Wei ShanYang , Zhang Lin , Tian Xianggui , Yang XingZhuan , Wang Xing
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the investigation of the dynamic mechanical properties of coal rock under complex stress conditions at depth, based on the improved Separate Hopkinson Pressure Bar Test System. A total of 15 groups of coal samples were used to perform dynamic impact tests under different conditions. The changing rules of dynamic strength, crushing, fractal dimension and damage modes of coal under different stress conditions were analyzed. A total of nine groups of coal samples were selected for numerical simulation using ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The results show that: (1) The stress–strain curves of coal specimens under different strain rates, different confining pressures and axial pressures have basically the same trend and the curves show a certain jump forward. (2) The peak dynamic stress of the coal specimens increased linearly with the increase of strain rate and confining pressure, and the ambient pressure limited the expansion of internal cracks of the coal specimens under impact loading. Based on the experimental and simulated data, the maximum relative errors between the experimental and simulated data were determined to be 2.9578% for Group A, 6.177% for Group B, and 6.382% for Group C, respectively. (3) The damage modes of the coal samples under the three-dimensional dynamic-static combined loading were mainly “X” type and “conical” shear damage. The fractal dimension increases with the increase of strain rate, decreases with the increase of confining pressure, and first decreases and then increases with the increase of axial pressure. This research achievement can provide theoretical support for the prevention of dynamic disasters in deep coal mine engineering.
Effects of sleep disturbance, cancer-related fatigue, and psychological distress on breast cancer patients’ quality of life: a prospective longitudinal observational study
Authors: Tao Lin , Lv Jieying , Zhong Ting , Zeng Xiaohong , Han Manxia , Fu Lan , Chen Hong
Published: April 2024

More attention has gone to researching the cancer-related fatigue (CRF)–sleep disturbance (SD)–psychological distress (PD) symptom cluster in breast cancer patients during the chemotherapy period, but the change trend and heterogeneous development track in the whole treatment stage remain unclear, and it is also unclear whether the appearance of and changes in one symptom cause changes in other symptoms and quality of life (QoL). This study, using breast cancer patients’ data collected through a validated questionnaire, examined the relationships between SD, CRF, PD, and QoL using latent growth modeling analyses. CRF developmental trajectories showed an upward trend over five surveys (slope = 0.649, P < 0.001); PD showed a significant weakening trend (slope = − 0.583, P < 0.001); SD showed an increasing trend (slope = 0.345, P < 0.001), and QoL showed a statistically significant weakening trend (slope = − 0.373, P < 0.001). The initial CRF (coefficient = − 0.233, P < 0.01), PD (coefficient = − 0.296, P < 0.01), and SD (coefficient = − 0.388, P < 0.001) levels had a statistically significant negative effect on initial QoL level. The linear development rate of PD was statistically significant and negatively affected that of QoL (coefficient = − 0.305, P < 0.05), whereas the quadratic development rate of SD negatively affected that of QoL (coefficient = − 0.391, P < 0.05). Medical staff should identify the change characteristics of different variables based on SD, CRF, PD, and QoL change trajectories, and advance the intervention time, as changes in variables affect other variables’ subsequent changes.
Average log change rate of pretreatment squamous cell carcinoma antigen after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in stage IIIC1 cervical squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cho Oyeon , Chun Mison , Chang Suk-Joon
Published: April 2024

We aimed to determine whether pretreatment squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC-Ag) levels and the average logarithmic change in SCC-Ag levels ($$\frac{{\Delta \log \left( {{\text{SCC-Ag}}} \right)}}{{\Delta {\text{time}}}}$$

Δ
log

SCC-Ag

Δ
time

) after concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) could predict treatment outcomes in patients with stage IIIC1 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). We analyzed 168 patients with stage IIIC1 cervical SCC who underwent primary CCRT and collected data on age, local extension, treatment details, hematological parameters, and tumor markers such as SCC-Ag and carcinoembryonic antigen 21-1 (Cyfra). Predictive performances of pretreatment SCC-Ag levels and $$\frac{{\Delta \log \left( {{\text{SCC-Ag}}} \right)}}{{\Delta {\text{time}}}}$$

Δ
log

SCC-Ag

Δ
time

were assessed using receiver operating characteristic curves. Survival analysis was performed using the Cox regression model and Kaplan–Meier plots. The combination of pretreatment SCC-Ag levels and $$\frac{{\Delta \log \left( {{\text{SCC-Ag}}} \right)}}{{\Delta {\text{time}}}}$$

Δ
log

SCC-Ag

Δ
time

showed higher area under the curve values than pretreatment SCC-Ag levels alone (area under the curve; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.708 [0.581–0.836] vs. 0.666 [0.528–0.804], respectively). Pretreatment SCC-Ag (≥ 5 ng/ml and Cyfra levels (≥ 3.15 ng/ml) and $$\frac{{\Delta \log \left( {{\text{SCC-Ag}}} \right)}}{{\Delta {\text{time}}}}$$

Δ
log

SCC-Ag

Δ
time

(≥ − 1.575) were significant predictors of disease-specific survival. The 5-year disease-specific survival rates significantly differed among the low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups. Risk stratification using both pretreatment SCC-Ag levels and $$\frac{{\Delta \log \left( {{\text{SCC-Ag}}} \right)}}{{\Delta {\text{time}}}}$$

Δ
log

SCC-Ag

Δ
time

may predict treatment outcomes of patients with stage IIIC1 SCC.
A balanced quantum Hall resistor
Authors: Fijalkowski Kajetan M. , Liu Nan , Klement Martin , Schreyeck Steffen , Brunner Karl , Gould Charles , Molenkamp Laurens W.
Published: April 2024

The quantum anomalous Hall effect in magnetic topological insulators has potential for use in quantum resistance metrology applications. Electronic conductance is quantized to e2/h (where e is the elementary charge and h is the Planck constant) due to the effect, which persists down to zero external magnetic field and is compatible with the quantum standard of voltage. However, metrological applications of the quantum anomalous Hall effect are currently restricted by the need for low measurement currents and low temperatures. Here we report a measurement scheme that increases the robustness of a zero-magnetic-field quantum anomalous Hall resistor and extends its operating range to higher currents. In the scheme, we simultaneously inject current into two disconnected perimeters of a multi-terminal Corbino device, which is based on V0.1(Bi0.2Sb0.8)1.9Te3, to balance the electrochemical potential between the edges. This screens the electric field that drives backscattering through the bulk and thus improves the stability of the quantization at increased currents. Our approach could also be applied to existing quantum resistance standards that rely on the integer quantum Hall effect.
Tutorial: a beginner’s guide to building a representative model of dynamical systems using the adjoint method
Authors: Lettermann Leon , Jurado Alejandro , Betz Timo , Wörgötter Florentin , Herzog Sebastian
Published: April 2024

Building a representative model of a complex dynamical system from empirical evidence remains a highly challenging problem. Classically, these models are described by systems of differential equations that depend on parameters that need to be optimized by comparison with data. In this tutorial, we introduce the most common multi-parameter estimation techniques, highlighting their successes and limitations. We demonstrate how to use the adjoint method, which allows efficient handling of large systems with many unknown parameters, and present prototypical examples across several fields of physics. Our primary objective is to provide a practical introduction to adjoint optimization, catering for a broad audience of scientists and engineers.
Transistors with ferroelectric ZrXAl1−XOY crystallized by ZnO growth for multi-level memory and neuromorphic computing
Authors: Islam Md Mobaidul , Ali Arqum , Park Chanju , Lim Taebin , Woo Dong Yeon , Kwak Joon Young , Jang Jin
Published: April 2024

Ferroelectric (FE) field-effect transistors are interesting for their non-destructive readout characteristic and energy efficiency but are difficult to integrate on silicon platforms. Here, FE ZrXAl1−XOY (ZAO) is demonstrated by compressive strain in contact with ZnO. The metal-ferroelectric-semiconductor-metal capacitor exhibits a substantial remnant polarization of 15.2 µC cm−2, along with a bowknot-like anti-clockwise hysteresis in the capacitance curves. The FE-ZAO gated ZnO thin-film transistor presents a large memory window (3.84 V), low subthreshold swing (55 mV dec−1), high ION/IOFF ratio (≈108), and low off-state current (≈1 pA). The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and scanning transmission electron microscopy analyses reveal the ferroelectric rhombohedral phase (space group R3m) in the nanocrystal ZAO, containing an angle of ≈71.7° between the [111] and [11-1] directions with d111-spacing of 3.037 Å and d11-1-spacing of 2.927 Å. Finally, the memory and neuromorphic applications are analyzed by demonstrating multi-level memory and synaptic weight performance with a high learning accuracy of 91.82%.
Balancing protection and production in ocean conservation
Authors: Kittinger John N. , Rotjan Randi D. , Hanich Quentin , Pasisi Brendon , Rambourg Constance
Published: April 2024

With the acceleration of the global biodiversity and climate crises, the need to protect and sustainably manage ocean resources has never been greater. However, the science needed to integrate ocean protection (through marine protected areas and OECMs) and sustainable production in the blue economy (particularly pelagic fisheries) remains underdeveloped and contested. The scientific divide and the knowledge gaps still remaining have created serious real-world challenges for practitioners seeking to reconcile protection and production approaches, and is hindering progress in achieving global conservation targets. Here, we identify the vital science necessary to bring together the “twin pillars” of protection and production, integrating mutually reinforcing meaningful protections at scale, while also driving management of production systems to internationally accepted sustainability standards. The research community must rapidly develop this new horizon of ocean science – particularly in pelagic ecosystems - to aid countries and practitioners in achieving global conservation and sustainable development targets.
Contact-electro-catalysis (CEC)
Authors: Wang Ziming , Dong Xuanli , Tang Wei , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: April 2024

Contact-electro-catalysis (CEC) is an emerging field that utilizes electron transfer occurring at the liquid–solid and even liquid–liquid interfaces because of the contact-electrification effect to stimulate redox reactions.
NHC/B(OH)3-mediated C3-selective acylation of unprotected monosaccharides: mechanistic insights and toward simpler/greener solutions
Authors: Jin Jiamiao , Guo Jiangtao , Xu Feng , Lv Ya , Wang Guanjie , Song Jia , Lv Wen-Xin , Li Tingting , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: April 2024

A simple and greener protocol for the regio-selective acylation of unprotected monosaccharides is achieved using boric acid as a promoter and N-heterocyclic carbene as an organic catalyst.
Impact electrochemistry for biosensing: advances and future directions
Authors: Zhang Jian-Hua , Song Dian-Mei , Zhou Yi-Ge
Published: April 2024

This minireview summarizes the recent advancements in impact electrochemistry-based biosensing over the past two to three years and provides insights into the future directions of this field.
A vertically-stacked MXene/rGO composite membrane for highly efficient H2/CO2 separation
Authors: Dong Zhaorui , Fan Yiyi , Meng Xiuxia , Jin Yun , Song Jian , Wang Xiaobin , Yang Naitao , Sunarso Jaka , Liu Shaomin
Published: April 2024

In comparison to the horizontally stacked membrane, the bioinspired vertical channels offered more direct and less convoluted paths, resulting in an order of magnitude increase in hydrogen permeability.
Electrospinning-assisted porous skeleton electrolytes for semi-solid Li–O2 batteries
Authors: Wu Jing , Li Minghui , Gao Shasha , Dou Yaying , Pan Kecheng , Zhang Zhang , Zhou Zhen
Published: April 2024

We fabricated a fibrous gel polymer electrolyte using a polyacrylonitrile matrix through electrospinning. This innovation allows semi-solid Li–O2 batteries to function efficiently at high current densities throughout extended cycles.
Retraction: Aqueous aerobic oxidation of alkyl arenes and alcohols catalyzed by copper(ii) phthalocyanine supported on three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene at room temperature
Authors: Mahyari Mojtaba , Laeini Mohammad Sadegh , Shaabani Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Retraction of ‘Aqueous aerobic oxidation of alkyl arenes and alcohols catalyzed by copper(ii) phthalocyanine supported on three-dimensional nitrogen-doped graphene at room temperature’ by Mojtaba Mahyari et al., Chem. Commun., 2014, 50, 7855–7857, https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CC01406E.
Rh(iii)-catalysed C–H annulation of cis-stilbene acids with 2-diazo-1,3-diketones: facile access to 6,7-dihydrobenzofuran-4(5H)-one and α-pyrone scaffolds
Authors: Galla Mary Sravani , Kale Nandini B. , Kumawat Akshay , Bora Darshana , Shankaraiah Nagula
Published: April 2024

The establishment of this protocol provides fused dihydrofurans and α-pyrones from medicinally important scaffolds like cis-stilbenes employing an acid as a directing group via C–H activation.
An FeCl3-catalyzed three-component reaction for the synthesis of β-(1,2,3-triazolyl)-ketones using DMF as a one-carbon source
Authors: Fang Ruilin , Zheng Lei , Chen Xuyang , Wang Can , Chen Yunfeng
Published: April 2024

FeCl3-catalyzed oxidative condensation of NH-1,2,3-triazoles and aryl methyl ketones and DMF has been reported.
Influences of Ru and ZrO2 interaction on the hydroesterification of styrene
Authors: Xue Fei , Wang Fang , Liao Min , Liu Mengli , Hong Qunye , Li Zhen , Xia Chungu , Wang Jinbang
Published: April 2024

Interfacial Lewis acid–base pairs are commonly found in ZrO2-supported metal catalysts due to the facile generation of oxygen vacancies of ZrO2.
Redox-neutral α-functionalization of pyrrolidines: facile access to α-aryl-substituted pyrrolidines
Authors: Tian Feng-Xian , Liu Fan-Fan , Wei Jian , Xiao Jia-Xi , Qu Jin
Published: April 2024

Using a quinone monoacetal as the oxidant and DABCO as the base, we report the one-step synthesis of α-aryl-substituted pyrrolidines from pyrrolidine. The reaction of pyrrolidine and quinone monoacetal in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol afforded octahydro-dipyrroloquinoline in high yield.
Skin emitted volatiles analysis for noninvasive diagnosis: the current advances in sample preparation techniques for biomedical application
Authors: S. Keerthana , Saquib Mohammad , Poojary Harshika , Illanad Gouri , Valavan Divyadarshini , M Selvakumar , Nayak Ramakrishna , Mazumder Nirmal , Ghosh Chiranjit
Published: April 2024

Analytical technique for monitoring skin-emitted metabolites to diagnose diseases.
Corals-inspired magnetic absorbents for fast and efficient removal of microplastics in various water sources
Authors: Li Yunyan , Chen Huilan , Li Shuai , Feng Luping , Wang Ziyi , Wang Di , Wang Qidong , Wang Hua
Published: April 2024

Mesoporous Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated with polymerized dopamine to mimic corals for adsorption of microplastics from different water sources.