bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
First record of Orthelimaea himalayana (Ingrisch, 1990) (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae: Elimaeini) from India with description of its female
Authors: KUMAR HIRDESH , CHANDRA KAILASH
Published: February 2020

Orthelimaea himalayana (Ingrisch, 1990) is recorded for the first time from India and its female is also described first time from Central Himalaya. A key to Indian species of Orthelimaea Karny, 1926 is also provided.
Two new species and new record of Amphinemura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from northern China
Authors: LI WEIHAI , TESLENKO VALENTINA A. , YANG DING
Published: February 2020

Amphinemura changbaishana sp. nov. and Amphinemura qiliana sp. nov. (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) are described and illustrated as two new stonefly species from northern China. Affinities of the new taxa with similar regional species of Amphinemura are discussed. Amphinemura verrucosa Zwick, 1973 is reported from China for the first time.
Quasigeostrophic Controls on Precipitating Ascent in Monsoon Depressions
Authors: Murthy Varun S. , Boos William R.
Published: February 2020

South Asian monsoon depressions are convectively coupled cyclonic vortices that form and intensify in a region of easterly vertical shear of the horizontal wind. Observations of maximum precipitation downshear of the cyclonic center have led to prior theories of quasigeostrophic (QG) control of moist convection in these storms. This study examines the interaction between adiabatic QG lifting and moist convection in monsoon depressions using an atmospheric reanalysis and idealized model. Inversion of the QG omega equation in the reanalysis shows that in the downshear, heavily precipitating region, adiabatic QG ascent, due to advection of vorticity and temperature, is comparable to diabatic ascent in the lower troposphere, while diabatic ascent dominates in the middle and upper troposphere. The causal influence of adiabatic QG lifting on precipitating ascent in monsoon depressions is then examined in the column QG modeling framework, where moist convection evolves in the presence of vorticity and temperature advection. The heavy observed precipitation rates are only simulated when moist convective heating amplifies QG ascent, with this interaction accounting for roughly 40% of the increase in precipitation relative to the basic state. Another 40% of this increase is produced by enhanced surface wind speed in the surface enthalpy flux parameterization, which represents the effect of cyclonic winds in the monsoon depression. Horizontal advection of the mean-state poleward moisture gradient accounts for the remaining 20% of the precipitation increase. In the upshear region, adiabatic QG subsidence and horizontal moisture advection both suppress precipitation, and are opposed by wind-enhanced surface enthalpy fluxes.
Frequency Shift of Near-Inertial Waves in the South China Sea
Authors: Le Boyer Arnaud , Alford Matthew H. , Pinkel Robert , Hennon Tyler D. , Yang Yiing J. , Ko Dong , Nash Jonathan
Published: February 2020

Despite sufficient wind forcing, internal waves in the South China Sea do not exhibit the strong near-inertial wave (NIW) peak that is typical in most of the world oceans. Using data from 10 contemporaneous moorings deployed in summer 2011, we show that strong isopycnal vertical tidal displacements transfer most of the near-inertial (NI) kinetic energy (KE) to frequencies higher than the inertial frequency in an Eulerian reference frame. Transforming to an isopycnal-following reference frame increases the KE at NI frequencies, suggesting the presence of NIWs. However, the projection onto a semi-Lagrangian coordinate system still underestimates the expected NI peak. To fully resolve NIWs requires the use of time-dependent vertical wavenumber–frequency spectra because the intrinsic frequency of the NIWs varies substantially, owing to Doppler shifting by lateral mesoscale flows. Here, we show NIW intrinsic frequency variations of ±0.2 cpd within few days, of similar magnitude as the observed variations of relative vorticity associated with the meandering Kuroshio.
Data Fusion Analysis of Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5 Simulated Ozone Data
Authors: Tirelli Cecilia , Ceccherini Simone , Zoppetti Nicola , Del Bianco Samuele , Gai Marco , Barbara Flavio , Cortesi Ugo , Kujanpää Jukka , Huan Yu , Dragani Rossana
Published: February 2020

The complete data fusion method, generalized to the case of fusing profiles of atmospheric variables retrieved on different vertical grids and referred to different true values, is applied to ozone profiles retrieved from simulated measurements in the ultraviolet, visible, and thermal infrared spectral ranges for the Sentinel-4 and Sentinel-5 missions of the Copernicus program. In this study, the production and characterization of combined low Earth orbit (Sentinel-5) and geostationary Earth orbit (Sentinel-4) fused ozone data is performed. Fused and standard products have been compared and a performance assessment of the generalized complete data fusion is presented. The analysis of the output products of the complete data fusion algorithm and of the standard processing using quality quantifiers demonstrates that the generalized complete data fusion algorithm provides products of better quality when compared with standard products.
The Case of the Missing Nose: Congenital Arhinia Case Presentation and Management Recommendations
Authors: Fuller Andrew K. , McCrary Hilary C. , Graham M. Elise , Skirko Jonathan R.
Published: February 2020

Objectives:

To discuss the presentation and management of infants with arhinia or congenital absence of the nose.

Methods:

This case report describes an infant with arhinia that was diagnosed prenatally. In addition to a discussion of the case, a review of the literature was completed to define appropriate postnatal work-up and management.

Results:

The patient is a term male infant, diagnosed with arhinia on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) performed at 21-weeks gestational age. Upon birth, the patient was subsequently intubated, followed by tracheostomy due to complete nasal obstruction. Through a genetics evaluation, the patient was found to be heterozygous for the SMCHD1 gene, with hypomethylation at the D4Z4 locus. Plans for reconstruction will be based on future imaging and the development of any nasal patency, however, the patient’s family plans to utilize a prosthetic nose until the patient is older.

Conclusion:

Arhinia is a rare condition causing respiratory distress in the neonatal period. While stabilization of the airway is the first priority, further management is not clearly defined given the rarity of the malformation. This case discusses stabilization of the airway with a review of treatment and reconstructive options.
Collective dimensions of leadership: Connecting theory and method
Authors: Ospina Sonia M , Foldy Erica Gabrielle , Fairhurst Gail T , Jackson Brad
Published: February 2020

In this introductory article we explain the impetus for creating the Special Issue, along with its goals and the process by which we created it. We present a map of the terrain of collective leadership (CL) that builds on earlier frameworks, recognizing that the terrain is expanding and has become increasingly difficult to traverse. The map is comprised of two axes or dimensions. The first axis, the ‘locus of leadership,’ captures how scholars conceptualize where to look for manifestations of leadership. That is, does the leadership reside in the group or does it reside in the system? The second axis is the view of ‘collectivity’ that plots how scholars conceptualize the collective. Do they see it as an empirical type of leadership or a theoretical lens through which to study leadership? We then plot distinctive CL research into four cells, providing definitions and references to empirical work emblematic for each cell. In introducing and summarizing each of the five articles we have selected for this Special Issue, we show where each of these is located on the CL research map, and distil how each provides a clear connection between theory and method in a way that advances our understanding of CL.
Book review: Sunil Sharma, Mughal Arcadia: Persian Literature in an Indian Court
Authors: Maurya Anubhuti
Published: February 2020

Sunil Sharma, Mughal Arcadia: Persian Literature in an Indian Court, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2017, 266 pp.
Book review: Vasudha Dalmia, Fiction as History: The Novel and the City in Modern North India
Authors: Kumar Prabhat
Published: February 2020

Vasudha Dalmia, Fiction as History: The Novel and the City in Modern North India, Ranikhet: Permanent Black, 2017, 428 pp.
‘Privations’ as a Development Concern: A Study of Two Communities in the National Capital Region of India
Authors: Vijay Devesh
Published: February 2020

Development scholars are tracking a wide range of well-being indices across countries including life expectancy, school enrolment and a wide range of ‘freedoms’ now. Yet, a critical set of ‘privations’ or collective hardships, that undermine general well-being and call for concerted public response, still remain excluded from the mainstream development discourse.

This article highlights six sets of major ‘privations’ relevant to development studies based on an extended fieldwork in a village and a slum on Delhi’s periphery. It consists of four sections. The first section elucidates the conceptualisation of ‘privations’, its principal categories and their distinction from related terms such as deprivations, poverty and suffering. The next section explains the multi-method approach used in this study to track ‘privations’ in the studied communities (called Dhantala and Aradhaknagar) through surveys, interviews and group discussions conducted since 1988.

The third segment of the article focuses on two specific ‘privations’, namely safety and health risks experienced by studied subjects over the recent decades.

The article concludes with reflections on reasons for the neglect of the cited ‘privations’ in dominant development discourses. It offers suggestions for their better coverage in development indices and their mitigation by more concerted government response and civic action, in future.
Book review: E. Venkatesu (Ed.), Democratic Decentralization in India: Experiences, Issues and Challenges
Authors: Vaddiraju Anil Kumar
Published: February 2020

E. Venkatesu (Ed.), Democratic Decentralization in India: Experiences, Issues and Challenges. New Delhi: Routledge, 2016, 269 + xxiv pp., ₹895.
Effect of oil adhesion on the measurement of screw thread with machine vision
Authors: Yang Zonghao , Chen Manlong , Wang Peng
Published: February 2020

In the process of screw thread manufacturing, the cooling liquid or lubricating oil will adhere to the screw thread surface, which affects the vision measurement results of the screw thread parameters. To simulate the adhesion behavior of oil on the thread surface during the actual measurement, four different attachment states were set in this experiment. An image measuring instrument was used to collect the screw thread images of different adhesion states. Then, the distribution of the oil film on the screw thread surface was analyzed with computer image processing. The visual inspection method was used to obtain the relative influence rate of the oil adhesion on the measurement result of the screw thread parameters. Finally, an experiment-based pitch diameter compensation method was proposed, and the compensation effect of this method was verified with the test method. Experiments showed that the effect of oil adhesion on the measurement results of the diameter parameters is greater than 7 µm, and the effect on the measurement result of the thread angle is greater than 0.1°. The compensation experiment showed that the compensation efficiency was above 70% for the pitch diameter.
Access to Controlled Medicines in Low-Income Countries: Listening to Stakeholders in the Field
Authors: Vitry Agnes , Forte Gilles , White Jason
Published: February 2020

Little is known on current practices and challenges associated with the legal trade of medicines controlled under international conventions in low-income countries. This qualitative survey involved semi-structured interviews of stakeholders engaged in the trade of controlled medicines at a global level or at a country level in 3 African countries (Uganda, Kenya, Democratic Republic of the Congo). Nine interviews were conducted, including 3 international wholesalers, 2 relief organizations, 2 procurement officers, and 2 regulatory officers. Additionally, 4 other participants provided written information. All participants consistently reported that the current process of procuring controlled medicines in compliance with international conventions was long and complex given the number of administrative steps required for obtaining export and import authorizations, which are mandatory for both narcotic and psychotropic medicines. It may be difficult or impossible to obtain import authorizations from some health authorities in low-income countries because of long delays, mistakes in forms, absence or shortage of staff, or when annual national estimates are exceeded. The complexities of the trade of controlled medicines directly contribute to the lack of access to essential controlled medicines, both narcotics and psychotropics, in low-income countries.
The spatial logics of intellectual strategies: The case of the reception of Rawlsian and post-Rawlsian theories of justice in France
Authors: Hauchecorne Mathieu
Published: February 2020

This article takes the reception of Rawlsian and post-Rawlsian theories of justice in France as a case study for exploring empirically the connection between French intellectuals’ political and intellectual strategies and their position in the field of cultural production. The diversity of the uses made of Rawls, the agents involved, and their particular engagements all make the French reception of Anglophone political philosophy fertile ground for observing how the constraints associated with various positions in the intellectual field orient the strategies of agents. It draws on a prosopographic research on 115 of the main importers of Rawlsian and post-Rawlsian theories of justice developed in English-speaking countries into France, with semi-structured interviews for 52 of them. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) is used to reveal the main oppositions structuring the space of the reception in France of this political philosophy. The article next shows how the many uses of these theories of justice and the forms of engagement in which they were enrolled are related to agents’ structural position in this space. Then the article proceeds to reconstruct in greater detail some of the trajectories of these mediators, including their perceptions of the space of ‘possibles’ available to them and how they orient themselves within that space. It thus sheds light on how intellectual strategies are developed, and the mechanisms through which these bring forth homologies between structural positions, intellectual position-takings, and models of political engagement.
Retrospective Network Imputation from Life History Data: The Impact of Designs
Authors: Yu Yue , Smith Emily J. , Butts Carter T.
Published: February 2020

Retrospective life history designs are among the few practical approaches for collecting longitudinal network information from large populations, particularly in the context of relationships like sexual partnerships that cannot be measured via digital traces or documentary evidence. While all such designs afford the ability to “peer into the past” vis-à-vis the point of data collection, little is known about the impact of the specific design parameters on the time horizon over which such information is useful. In this article, we investigate the effect of two different survey designs on retrospective network imputation: (1) intervalN, where subjects are asked to provide information on all partners within the past [Formula: see text] time units; and (2) lastK, where subjects are asked to provide information about their [Formula: see text] most recent partners. We simulate a “ground truth” sexual partnership network using a published model of Krivitsky (2012), and we then sample this data using the two retrospective designs under various choices of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. We examine the accumulation of missingness as a function of time prior to interview, and we investigate the impact of this missingness on model-based imputation of the state of the network at prior time points via conditional ERGM prediction. We quantitatively show that—even setting aside problems of alter identification and informant accuracy—choice of survey design and parameters used can drastically change the amount of missingness in the dataset. These differences in missingness have a large impact on the quality of retrospective parameter estimation and network imputation, including important effects on properties related to disease transmission.
Integrative career counselling for early career individuals
Authors: Maree Jacobus G
Published: February 2020

This article reports on integrative career counselling for early career individuals. This approach and intervention involve the elicitation and use of individuals’ multiple smaller career-life stories (qualitative assessment and intervention) and their scores on tests (quantitative assessment). The aim is to help them make important choices in their career-lives in collaboration with their career counsellors in rapidly changing times and work contexts. In the end, career counsellors and these individuals are enabled to devise life and career projects that enable early career individuals to make meaning in their work-lives, make social contribution, and experience a sense of self-worth and purpose in their career-lives. Using the approach within the current South African situation could enhance entrepreneurship and promote self-entrepreneurship and employability. Future longitudinal research, including multiple case and quantitative studies on the topic is needed. Such research could potentially implement different assessment instruments and include questionnaires to facilitate pre- and post-assessment of the effectiveness of the intervention.
Mobile Social Media Use and Trailing Parents’ Life Satisfaction: Social Capital and Social Integration Perspective
Authors: Zhao Lei , Liang Changyong , Gu Dongxiao
Published: February 2020

In recent years, a special group of elderly migrants emerged in some developing countries, namely “trailing parents,” who migrated with adult children in their later years. Lots of developing countries such as China have an increasing number of old people using mobile social media for social interaction, information, and entertainment. Based on social capital theory, we developed a research model and investigated the relationship between mobile social media use (MSMU) and social capital, social integration, and life satisfaction of trailing parents. We completed an empirical study by collecting 244 valid samples. The results show that MSMU has a positive impact on trailing parents’ life satisfaction, and bonding social capital, bridging social capital and social integration are all important predictors of trailing parents’ life satisfaction. Furthermore, social capital and social integration play an important chain mediation role in the relationship between MSMU and trailing parents’ life satisfaction.
Twentieth-Century China as an Object of Thought: Global and Local Historical Reflections
Authors: Sachsenmaier Dominic
Published: February 2020

This article engages in a dialogue with some of the issues and themes discussed in both parts of Wang Hui’s article “Twentieth Century China as an Object of Thought: An Introduction.” It starts by offering a combination of global and local historical reflections of the movement of concepts during the early stages of China’s short twentieth century. Taking a similar combination of perspectives, it subsequently elaborates on aspects of the spatial and temporal revolutions occurring during this era. It then discusses the relationship between Chinese nationhood and the revolution, particularly during the short twentieth century. It seeks to relate the experience of the short twentieth century to developments within other historical realms and to global transformations at large.
Rare metal elements in the primary coal seam of Changzhi coalfield in Southeast Shanxi, China
Authors: Li Chunhui , Gao Yu , Liang Handong , Cao Qingyi , Wang Shikui
Published: February 2020

Geochemistry characteristics of rare metal elements of No.15 Permian coal seam in Changzhi coalfield, such as concentration, distribution, occurrence, and mining value were investigated by low-temperature ashing prior to powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. The results showed that the ∑REE concentrations ranged from 19.12 to 268.21 μg/g, with an average value of 91.74 μg/g; the average concentrations of Ga, Ge, and Th were 11.03, 1.96, and 15.09 μg/g, respectively. The concentration of rare earth elements (REEs), Th, Ga, and Ge, are all below the minimum industrial grade. However, the concentrations of rare earth oxides and Ge in high-temperature ash of some coal benches are higher than the minimum recoverable value and are thus potentially recoverable. The vertical distribution of REEs is uneven, with a maximum value adjacent to a minimum value. The source of the different layers of REEs was stable and influenced by seawater. Moreover, the ∑REE, Ga, and Th are enriched with the inorganic minerals and correlated with kaolinite. Ga and Th are also correlated with illite. Significant fractionation of REE is observed during the process of combustion.
Hyperlactatemia during cardiopulmonary bypass: risk factors and impact on surgical results with a focus on the long-term outcome
Authors: Matteucci Matteo , Ferrarese Sandro , Cantore Cristiano , Cappabianca Giangiuseppe , Massimi Giulio , Mantovani Vittorio , Rossi Maria Beatrice , Beghi Cesare
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

Lactate, a product of anaerobic metabolism, is a biomarker and indicator for tissue hypoperfusion and oxygen debt. An elevated blood lactate level has been associated with poor outcome in many clinical conditions, including cardiac surgery. Nevertheless, debate exists regarding which blood lactate concentration is most indicative of poor outcomes. We evaluate the impact of hyperlactatemia, defined as a peak arterial blood concentration ⩾2.0 mmol/L during cardiopulmonary bypass, on surgical results with a focus on long-term outcome.

Methods:

We reviewed 1,099 consecutive adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery on pump. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or not of hyperlactatemia. Pre- and intraoperative risk factors for hyperlactatemia were identified, and the postoperative outcome of patients with or without hyperlactatemia was compared.

Results:

Hyperlactatemia was present in 372 patients (33.8%). Factors independently associated with hyperlactatemia were urgent/emergency procedure, cardiopulmonary bypass duration and aortic cross-clamp time. Patients with hyperlactatemia had significantly higher rate of prolonged mechanical ventilation time, in-hospital stay and requirement of inotropes and intra-aortic balloon pump support (p < 0.001). Operative (30-day) mortality was higher in the group of patients with hyperlactatemia (7.8% vs. 1.1%; p < 0.001). Kaplan–Meier curve showed worse long-term survival (mean follow-up: 4.02 ± 1.58 years) in patients with hyperlactatemia.

Conclusion:

Hyperlactatemia during cardiopulmonary bypass has a significant association with postoperative morbidity and mortality. Correction of risk factors for hyperlactatemia, together with prompt detection and correction of this condition, may control complications and improve outcome.
Design and prototyping soft–rigid tendon-driven modular grippers using interpenetrating phase composites materials
Authors: Hussain Irfan , Al-Ketan Oraib , Renda Federico , Malvezzi Monica , Prattichizzo Domenico , Seneviratne Lakmal , Abu Al-Rub Rashid K , Gan Dongming
Published: February 2020

Advances in soft robotics and material science have enabled rapid progress in soft grippers. The ability to 3D print materials with softer, more elastic materials properties is a recent development and a key enabling technology for the rapid development of soft robots. However, obtaining the desired mechanical properties (e.g., stiffness) of the soft joints and information about the parameters to select in 3D printers is often not straightforward. In this article, we propose the use of interpenetrating phase composites (IPCs) materials with mathematically generated topologies based on triply periodic minimal surfaces for the development of soft grippers with desired mechanical properties. The flexible joints of the gripper can be realized through two or more phases that are topologically interconnected such that each phase represents a standalone cellular structure. As a case study, we present the design and development of a two-finger soft gripper as an example to demonstrate the application scenario of our approach. The flexible parts with desired stiffness values are realized by using IPCs materials in which the reinforcement distribution can be regulated on the basis of mathematical models. We characterized the properties of the material through a set of quantitative experiments on IPCs material specimens, and then we realized qualitative grasping tests with the gripper and a set of objects with different shapes and sizes. We showed that by properly regulating the properties of IPCs material it is possible to design modular grippers with the same structure, but different closure motions. Grippers can be customized for different tasks by easily assembling and disassembling fingers.
Global environmental change II: Political economies of vulnerability to climate change
Authors: Barnett Jon
Published: February 2020

Though rarely described as such, vulnerability to climate change is fundamentally a matter of political economy. This progress report provides a reading of contemporary research on vulnerability to climate change through a political economic lens. It interprets the research as explaining the interplay between ideas about vulnerability, the institutions that create vulnerability, and those actors with interests in vulnerability. It highlights research that critiques the idea of vulnerability, and that demonstrates the agency of those at risk as they navigate the intersecting, multi-scalar and teleconnected institutions that shape their choices in adapting to climate change. The report also highlights research that is tracking the way powerful institutions and interests that create vulnerability are themselves adapting by appropriating the cause of the vulnerable, depoliticising the causes of vulnerability, and promoting innovations in finance and markets as solutions. In these ways, political and economic institutions are sustaining themselves and capitalising on the opportunities presented by climate change at the expense of those most at risk.
Brain metabolites in chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache
Authors: Niddam David M , Lai Kuan-Lin , Tsai Shang-Yueh , Lin Yi-Ru , Chen Wei-Ta , Fuh Jong-Ling , Wang Shuu-Jiun
Published: February 2020

Background

Medication overuse headache may be associated with widespread alterations along the thalamocortical pathway, a pathway involved in pain perception and disease progression. This study addressed whether brain metabolites in key regions of the thalamocortical pathway differed between chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache and without medication overuse headache.

Methods

Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging was used to map metabolites in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortices, mid cingulate cortices, posterior cingulate cortices, and the thalami. Sixteen patients with medication overuse headache were compared with 16 matched patients without medication overuse headache and 16 matched healthy controls.

Results

Glutamate and glutamine in the right mid cingulate cortex and myo-inositol in the left anterior cingulate cortex were significantly higher in patients with medication overuse headache than patients without medication overuse headache, but similar to healthy controls. Both patient groups exhibited reduced N-acetyl-aspartate and creatine in the thalamus, reduced myo-inositol in the right anterior cingulate cortex, and elevated choline in the right mid cingulate cortex. Finally, a negative association between myo-inositol laterality index in the anterior cingulate cortices and number of days per month with acute medication use was found across all patients.

Conclusions

Patients with medication overuse headache were characterized by a distinct concentration profile of myo-inositol, a glial marker, in the anterior cingulate cortices that may have arisen from medication overuse and could contribute to the development of medication overuse headache.
Development of a “Fair” Marketplace for On-Demand Capacity Matching
Authors: Aifadopoulou Georgia , Mallidis Ioannis , Vlachos Dimitrios , Salanova Grau Josep Maria , Iakovou Eleftherios
Published: February 2020

Variability of demand along with issues of seasonality and supply chain disruptions may lead to significant variations between the planned and required capacities of warehouse facilities. This further leads to the rise of on-demand capacity allocation issues, with supply chain stakeholders seeking to outsource their excess capacity requirements to independent warehouses. As this matching usually occurs through freight forwarders or third-party logistics operators, who may have contractual agreements with specific warehouse operators within a region, issues of bias occur with respect to the price that capacity demanders pay. In this context, this paper proposes an optimization methodology, implemented by a neutral e-marketplace, for optimizing the matches between manufacturers and warehouses under a “market-fair” contract price for both, while taking into account the market’s demand/supply ratio.
Model for end-stage liver disease scores in veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Nagy Ádám , Holndonner-Kirst Enikő , Eke Csaba , Kertai Miklós D , Fazekas Levente , Benke Kálmán , Pólos Miklós , Szabolcs Zoltán , Hartyánszky István , Gál János , Merkely Béla , Székely Andrea
Published: February 2020

Introduction:

Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a valuable therapeutic approach in patients with severe heart failure due to different etiologies. Current prognosis with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is unsatisfactory, and the risk stratification is still challenging. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of different baseline model for end-stage liver disease scores for survival in patients with veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Methods:

We conducted an observational, retrospective study of consecutive veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation-treated patients between January 2012 and August 2018. The four types of model for end-stage liver disease scores—model for end-stage liver disease, international normalized ratio-excluded model for end-stage liver disease, modified model for end-stage liver disease, and model for end-stage liver disease with sodium—were calculated preoperatively. Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was used based on the four clinical indications: primer graft failure after heart transplantation, weaning failure from cardiopulmonary bypass, acute myocardial infarction with refractory cardiogenic shock, and bridge to transplantation or bridge to candidacy. The primary endpoint of the study was overall mortality. The secondary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. We performed univariable and multivariable Cox regression analyses.

Results:

Data from 135 patients were analyzed. The median follow-up was 952 days (interquartile range = 417–1555 days). In-hospital mortality was 62.2%, and overall mortality was 71.1%. The multivariable Cox regression analysis is adjusted for indication, and the survival after veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation score showed that the following scores were associated with overall mortality: model for end-stage liver disease (hazard ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.07; p = 0.016), modified model for end-stage liver disease (hazard ratio = 1.04; 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.06; p = 0.006), and model for end-stage liver disease with sodium (hazard ratio = 1.05; 95% confidence interval = 1.02–1.08; p = 0.001).

Conclusion:

Model for end-stage liver disease, modified model for end-stage liver disease, and model for end-stage liver disease with sodium scores could be useful in the risk stratification of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation treatment in varying clinical indications.
An assessment tool for municipal construction waste management in Brazilian municipalities
Authors: Moraes Flávia Tuane Ferreira , Gonçalves Andriani Tavares Tenório , Lima Josiane Palma , Lima Renato da Silva
Published: February 2020

Construction waste is generated during construction and remodelling undertakings. Construction waste management (CWM) is a challenge in developing countries such as Brazil. Thus, it is necessary to create tools by which CWM may be evaluated. This article presents the elaboration of a tool to assess CWM in Brazilian cities; moreover, this method facilitates such analyses in regions which lack substantial quantitative data. In doing so, the tool, known as the Assessment Index for Construction Waste Management (ICWM), combines quantitative and qualitative information and is composed of 49 indicators and 19 criteria divided into the following groups: operational; environmental; politico-economic, educational; and social. The analytic hierarchy process was used to assign the weights attributed to the groups and criteria to build the index. The indicators were measured according to a standardized rating scale proposed for each one. These elements were aggregated in a mathematical formula that enables the calculation of the ICWM. The aggregation method used was a weighted linear combination, and the index is rated on a 0 to 1 scale. The ICWM was tested in four municipalities. In all cases, the management was considered inefficient. The proposed tool proved to be effective in evaluating the CWM. In cities where the ICWM was tested, it was possible to identify the significant deficiencies of the CWM and recommend improvement actions to develop more efficient and sustainable management.
“Economic Memories” of the Aftermath of the 1989 Revolutions in East Germany and the Czech Republic
Authors: Hilmar Till
Published: February 2020

How does the aftermath of 1989 shape the meaning of this event today? On the basis of an interview study with sixty-seven respondents from former East Germany and the Czech Republic administered in 2016–2017, this article asks how individuals articulate “economic memories” against the background of the 1990s, a time in which the transition to democracy was accompanied by labor market ruptures. It documents how salient themes of change are narrated in terms of work and its moral dimensions; and how memories of the time are concerned with mobilizing one’s skills in the face of economic change. The article distinguishes five accounts by which respondents differently incorporate the historical event of 1989 into a vernacular, biographical logic. This framework offers a “bottom-up” perspective as a contribution to our understanding of the ongoing contestations over the meaning of the 1989 revolutions.
Pursuing Careers Inside or Outside Academia? Factors Associated With Doctoral Students’ Career Decision Making
Authors: Seo Gaeun , Ahn Joonkil , Huang Wen-Hao , Makela Julia P. , Yeo HyeJin T.
Published: February 2020

A lack of empirical research on career decision-making experience of doctoral students prevents them from developing relevant career competencies to achieve desired career goals. Understanding career experiences and diverse career needs of doctoral students is crucial to better prepare them for varied career paths inside and outside academia. Grounded in social cognitive career theory’s career self-management model, we investigated the association of the personal and contextual factors of doctoral students with their career decision making. To gain a comprehensive understanding of career choices of doctoral students, comparisons are made between academic and beyond academic career groups. Data were collected from 313 doctoral candidates from a research-oriented public university located in the U.S. Midwest. The results of logistic regression analysis show significant associations between career support, marital status, and major and career choice of doctoral students. Implications for graduate education to support doctoral students for diverse career paths are discussed.
Thermal-ageing characteristics of dry-type transformer epoxy composite insulation
Authors: Wang Yongqiang , Feng Changhui , Fei Ruoyu , Luo Yu
Published: February 2020

To study the ageing characteristics of epoxy resin composite insulation in dry-type transformers in high-temperature environments, glass fibre-reinforced epoxy resin samples were placed in a hot air ageing environment at 130°C for testing. Dielectric properties, partial discharge (PD), microscopic morphology, three-dimensional morphology and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of aged samples were periodically tested. The results show that during the ageing process, the change in the surface morphology of the sample leads to an overall upward trend in surface roughness, and the older the sample, the faster the surface roughness increases; changes in the surface morphology and three-dimensional morphology of the material constitute the basis for judging the condition of the insulating surface and the state of ageing development. Microcracks are the direct cause of debonding of glass fibres and epoxy matrix. Degradation of the sample during the ageing process generates many free radicals, which enhances the polarisation ability of the sample and increases both the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss factor. The real part of the complex dielectric constant is more sensitive to the ageing response of the sample. The older the sample, the greater the effect on the results of the dielectric spectrum test. Since the aged sample generates more hot electrons during the PD process and makes it easier to inject electrons into the material, the PD of the sample is rendered more intense by thermal ageing. There is a significant difference between the degradation mechanism of the thermal ageing and PD. The samples subjected to PD after thermal ageing produce new groups, and the degradation of the samples is more severe than that caused by thermal ageing, or PD, alone.
Parallel co-simulation of locomotive wheel wear and rolling contact fatigue in a heavy haul train operational environment
Authors: Wu Qing , Spiryagin Maksym , Sun Yan , Cole Colin
Published: February 2020

Locomotive wheel wear and rolling contact fatigue simulations that consider both train dynamics and detailed traction control systems have not been reported. This paper developed a parallel co-simulation method to link an in-house longitudinal train dynamics simulator to a commercial software package named GENSYS. An advanced longitudinal train dynamics model, a traction control system model and a wheel–rail contact model were then incorporated into the simulation. Three wear calculation models (T-gamma model, USFD model and Archard model) and two rolling contact fatigue calculation models (T-gamma-based rolling contact fatigue model and shakedown-based rolling contact fatigue model) were implemented. A train with the configuration of 1 locomotive +54 wagons +1 locomotive +54 wagons was simulated. This paper shows that the simulation method is successful and can be used for such more detailed locomotive wheel wear and rolling contact fatigue calculations. Wear and rolling contact fatigue calculation results show that the wear numbers that were calculated using the T-gamma wear model and damage indexes that were calculated using the T-gamma-based rolling contact fatigue model were similar between the leading and remote locomotives. However, wear rates that were calculated using the USFD wear model, wear volumes that were calculated using the Archard model and fatigue indexes that were calculated using the shakedown-based rolling contact fatigue model have evident differences between the leading and remote locomotives. Maximum differences in these results were about 12, 18 and 34%, respectively.
Turtle, Task Ninja, or Time Waster? Who Cares? Traditional Task-Completion Strategies Are Overrated
Authors: Vangsness Lisa , Young Michael E.
Published: February 2020

Standard approaches for identifying task-completion strategies, such as precrastination and procrastination, reduce behavior to single markers that oversimplify the process of task completion. To illustrate this point, we consider three task-completion strategies and introduce a new method to identify their use. This approach was tested using an archival data set (N = 8,655) of the available electronic records of research participation at Kansas State University. The approach outperformed standard diagnostic approaches and yielded an interesting finding: Several strategies were associated with negative outcomes. Specifically, both procrastinators and precrastinators struggled to finish tasks on time. Together, these findings underscore the importance of using holistic approaches to determine the relationship among task characteristics, individual differences, and task completion.
Thinking of You: How Second-Person Pronouns Shape Cultural Success
Authors: Packard Grant , Berger Jonah
Published: February 2020

Why do some cultural items succeed and others fail? Some scholars have argued that one function of the narrative arts is to facilitate feelings of social connection. If this is true, cultural items that activate personal connections should be more successful. The present research tested this possibility in the context of second-person pronouns. We argue that rather than directly addressing the audience, communicating norms, or encouraging perspective taking, second-person pronouns can encourage audiences to think of someone in their own lives. Textual analysis of songs ranked in the Billboard charts ( N = 4,200), as well as controlled experiments (total N = 2,921), support this possibility, demonstrating that cultural items that use more second-person pronouns are liked and purchased more. These findings demonstrate a novel way in which second-person pronouns make meaning, how pronouns’ situated use (object case vs. subject case) may shape this meaning, and how psychological factors shape the success of narrative arts.
Experimental and numerical investigation of tip leakage vortex cavitation in an axial flow pump under design and off-design conditions
Authors: Shen Xi , Zhang Desheng , Xu Bin , Ye Changliang , Shi Weidong
Published: February 2020

The interaction of tip leakage flow and main flow in an axial flow pump can induce the tip leakage vortex, which causes the unstable flow and complex cavitation structures. In the present research, the modified shear stress transport k–ω turbulence model was utilized to predict the cavitating flow of the model pump under design and off-design conditions. Validations were carried out using high-speed photography techniques. Results show that the simulation results about cavitation performance based on the modified shear stress transport k–ω turbulence model agree well with the experimental results. Cavitation inception occurs more possible at part-load conditions, and with the increase of the flow rate, the starting point of tip leakage vortex gradually moves to the back edge of the blade chord. Both the sheet cavitation and the triangular cavitation cloud that formed in the blade tip grow in size and intensity gradually with the decrease of cavitation number. Distributions of the cavity area fraction and axial velocity show that the tip leakage vortex cavitation locates at the radial coefficient r* = 0.95–1.0 with peaks at about r* = 0.97, while the sheet cavitation is found at r* = 0.5–0.9 on the suction side (SS). The cavitation structures lead to a significant decrease in the axial velocity, especially in the tip region of the blade.
Fibrinogen and LDL Influence on Blood Viscosity and Outcome of Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in Indonesia
Authors: Rasyid Al , Harris Salim , Kurniawan Mohammad , Mesiano Taufik , Hidayat Rakhmad
Published: February 2020

Background: To assess the role of risk factors of metabolic syndrome on blood viscosity and the prognosis of acute ischemic stroke in Indonesia based on the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS).

Methods: This study included 135 patients with acute ischemic stroke. Patients underwent measurements of viscosity and risk factor assessment. Analysis was performed to assess the role of these risk factors for blood viscosity and outcomes of acute ischemic stroke with NIHSS and mRS as indicators. NIHSS was assessed at <3 days after onset and 7 days after onset, while mRS was assessed 1 month post treatment. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square test, and variables with p < 0.25 were further analyzed in multivariate analysis using logistic regression.

Results: Factors affecting blood viscosity are fibrinogen, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and hematocrit. Factors affecting NIHSS and mRS are fibrinogen and LDL.

Conclusion: Fibrinogen and LDL affect the viscosity of blood and outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients, so it is necessary to treat in the primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke.
Commentary: Cancer research quality and tumour classification
Authors: Cree Ian A , Indave B Iciar
Published: February 2020

Cancer researchers require accurate diagnoses for the samples, cell lines, patients or populations that they study. These diagnoses are underpinned by an internationally accepted taxonomy – the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. This is still largely based on the histopathological examination of biopsy specimens, but increasingly also molecular methods and radiological examination of patients. Classifications evolve as new evidence arises, and for tumours that evidence is available in a quantity that is both remarkable and daunting. Evaluating this deluge of new information and incorporating it into the World Health Organization Classification of Tumours is now the responsibility of an editorial board, and up to 200 editors and authors work on each system to update it within the new 5th edition. Just as cancer researchers depend on the classification for diagnoses, so too the classification depends on the generation of high-quality, trustworthy data by cancer researchers. It is not just a case of quantity but quality too. Scientific fraud is thankfully rare, but high-profile cases are damaging and standards need to improve, not least to ensure that accurate information enters the classification.