bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermo-physical behaviors of carbon nanofiber reinforced polylactic acid
Authors: Adhikari Ananta Raj , Sarkar Kamal , Lozano Karen
Published: June 2013

Studies have demonstrated that the reinforcement of polymeric matrices using nanofiller can results with better thermo-physical properties of polymer. Carbon nanofiber (CNF) is a unique quasi-one dimensional nanostructure with large numbers of edges and defects compared to carbon nanotube (CNT). Further the availability in large quantity along with lower cost makes them an important nanomaterial for future technology. We have previously used CNF in different thermoplastic polymers. In this study CNFs were used with water soluble thermoplastic aliphatic polyster polylactic acid (PLA) and studied their thermal and mechanical properties. Thermal analysis using Thermogravimetric Analysis showed enhanced thermal stability of the polymer at higher nanotube loading (>1 wt%) and decrease of thermal stability at higher loading (>10 wt%). Crystallization thermogram of PLA was modified heavily with the addition of nanofibers changing clearly from one stage to two stage crystallization. In addition, CNF facilitates the crystallization of PLA resulting in an increase of its crystallization. The mechanical testing showed the steady increase of modulus of the composites with the nanofiber content within the range of study which can be regarded as due to the change in interface property of the composites.
Photoluminescence spectrum Dependences on Temperature and Excitation power in InAs Quantum dots embedded in InGaAs/GaAs Quantum wells
Authors: Hernandez Alejandro Vivas , Lozada Erick Velázquez , Guerrero Moreno Ingri J.
Published: June 2013

Papers in the Appendix were published in electronic format as Volume 1534
The use of ablative lasers in the treatment of facial melasma
Authors: Morais Orlando Oliveira de , Lemos Érica Freitas Lima , Sousa Márcia Carolline dos Santos , Gomes Ciro Martins , Costa Izelda Maria Carvalho , Paula Carmen Déa Ribeiro de
Published: June 2013

Melasma represents a pigmentary disorder that is difficult to treat. This study aims to broadly review the use of ablative lasers (Er:YAG and CO2) in the treatment of melasma, presenting the level of evidence of studies published to date. A total of 75 patients were enrolled in four case series studies (n=39), one controlled clinical trial (n=6) and one randomized controlled clinical trial (n=30). Studies on the Er:YAG laser showed better results with the use of short square-shaped pulses, which determined low rates of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and long-lasting maintenance of results. Likewise, studies on the CO2 laser proved the benefits of short pulse duration along with low-density energy. Post-treatment maintenance with the use of antipigmenting creams was necessary and effective to sustain long-term results. Ablative lasers may represent another useful and effective tool against melasma. Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation and difficulty in sustaining long-term results still represent the main limitations to a broader use of ablative lasers. Based on actual evidence, the use of this technology should be restricted to patients with recalcitrant disease. Further studies will help establish optimal laser parameters and treatment regimens.
Hidden Markov models for estimating animal mortality from anthropogenic hazards
Authors: Etterson Matthew A.
Published: June 2013

Carcass searches are a common method for studying the risk of anthropogenic hazards to wildlife, including nontarget poisoning and collisions with anthropogenic structures. Typically, numbers of carcasses found must be corrected for scavenging rates and imperfect detection. Parameters for these processes (scavenging and detection) are often estimated using carcass distribution trials in which researchers place carcasses in the field at known times and locations. In this manuscript I develop a variety of estimators based on multi‐event or hidden Markov models for use under different experimental conditions. I apply the estimators to two case studies of avian mortality, one from pesticide exposure and another at wind turbines. The proposed framework for mortality estimation points to a unified framework for estimation of scavenging rates and searcher efficiency in a single trial and also allows estimation based only on accidental kills, obviating the need for carcass distribution trials. Results of the case studies show wide variation in the performance of different estimators, but even wider confidence intervals around estimates of the numbers of animals killed, which are the direct result of small sample size in the carcass distribution trials employed. These results also highlight the importance of a well‐formed hypothesis about the temporal nature of mortality at the focal hazard under study.
Supergene and Hypogene Halloysite in a Porphyry-Epithermal Environment at Cerro la Mina, Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Kyne Roisin , Hollings Pete , Jansen Nicholas H. , Cooke David R.
Published: June 2013

Halloysite, a phyllosilicate clay mineral chemically similar to but structurally different from kaolinite, occurs in a variety of mineral deposit types. It is, however, difficult to identify and dehydrates quite readily. When identified in a porphyry or epithermal environment, halloysite is often interpreted to be a low-temperature polymorph of kaolinite and an indication of supergene processes. The occurrence of halloysite in the Cerro la Mina Au (Cu-Mo) prospect, Chiapas, Mexico, was investigated to determine if halloysite in porphyry-epithermal deposits might also be the product of hypogene processes. The prospect consists of Quaternary volcaniclastic breccias intruded by monzodiorites and trachyandesites crosscut by a volcanic-hydrothermal breccia pipe. Gold-copper-molybdenum mineralization at Cerro la Mina is structurally and lithologically controlled by matrix-rich breccia pipes hosting all of the significant alteration and mineralization drilled to date. Average grades within the prospect are 0.4 ppm Au, 0.16% Cu, and 131 ppm Mo. A total of 100 samples were obtained from 22 diamond drill holes over a range of stratigraphic levels. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and SWIR techniques were employed to identify the different clay minerals found within these samples, including halloysite, kaolinite, dickite, and illite. Identification of halloysite and kaolinite were facilitated by the use of formamide intercalation to produce distinctive peaks for the two minerals in X-ray diffractograms. Halloysite and kaolinite were found to occur from the current erosional surface to depths of over 800 m. Halloysite occurs as both the hydrated 10Å and dehydrated 7Å forms within the deposit. The morphology of the halloysite present is that of well-developed tubes and spheroids. Results of the study show that halloysite associated with gypsum and jarosite is of supergene origin, whereas halloysite occurring with quartz, alunite, dickite, kaolinite, and pyrite is of hypogene origin.
GRAVITATIONAL FRACTIONATION OF ISOTOPES AND DISSOLVED COMPONENTS AS A FIRST-ORDER PROCESS IN CRUSTAL FLUIDS
Authors: Bons Paul D. , Gomez-Rivas Enrique
Published: June 2013

The origin of ore-forming hydrothermal fluids and mechanisms of ore formation are commonly inferred from chemical and isotopic signatures. Fluid mixing and fluid-rock interaction are well-known processes that modify and produce these signatures, respectively. We propose that gravitational fractionation is an additional, hitherto not considered process that can significantly affect fluid signatures. Gravitational fractionation is the tendency for heavier components in a fluid to concentrate at the base of a reservoir. In stagnant fluids, gravitational fractionation can lead to significant changes in isotopic signatures, but also halogen ratios, within tens of millions of years. Rising fractionated fluids can give the same signatures that are classically and potentially erroneously interpreted as indicating mixing of surface-derived and deeper fluids. Recognition of gravitational fractionation as an additional first-order process affecting fluid composition necessitates a thorough reevaluation of models for crustal fluid flow, especially for the formation of unconformity-related hydrothermal ore deposits.
The Kunene Anorthosite Complex, Namibia, and Its Satellite Intrusions: Geochemistry, Geochronology, and Economic Potential
Authors: Maier W. D. , Rasmussen B. , Fletcher I. R. , Li C. , Barnes S-J. , Huhma H.
Published: June 2013

The Kunene Complex of Namibia-Angola is one of the largest anorthosite massifs on Earth (up to 18,000 km2), consisting of several distinct anorthosite and leucotroctolite intrusions. The Namibian portion of the Kunene Complex measures ~80 × 50 km, ~4,000 km2, and is dominated by the Zebra Mountain lobe, a ~16-km-thick dome-like mass of interlayered, relatively unaltered dark leucotroctolite with relatively altered, “white,” anorthosite. Past studies and the present work have found evidence for intrusion of two distinct phases of dark leucotroctolite into the white anorthosite, namely a relatively early, deformed, phase dated at 1363 ± 17 Ma (U-Pb in baddelyite), and a relatively later and undeformed phase whose absolute age remains unknown. The Kunene leucotroctolites are among the least evolved troctolites known from anorthosite complexes, with olivine containing 59 to 77 mol % forsterite and up to 1,700 ppm Ni, and plagioclase containing 56 to 69 mol % anorthosite. Our isotope data from the troctolites indicate a relatively small crustal component (δ18O, ~5.3–7.3; δ34S, 0.5–1; and ɛNdT, 0.9–1.8), whereas Nd and oxygen isotope data from the white anorthosites, published by other workers, showed a slightly larger crustal component (e.g., ɛNdT as low as −3; δ18O up to 7.5‰).

In the periphery of the Kunene Complex are several, relatively small (<10 km2), mafic-ultramafic intrusions comprising peridotite, pyroxenite, gabbro, troctolite, and anorthosite. Some of these bodies are Ni-Cu-PGE mineralized, including the Ohamaremba troctolite, the Oncocua pyroxenite, and the Ombuku peridotite-gabbronorite. The latter additionally contains a massive chromitite layer. A new U-Pb baddelyite age of 1220 ± 15 Ma for Ohamaremba indicates that the latter postdates the main Kunene Complex by ~140 Ma.

The relative enrichment in MgO, Cr, and Ni, and the O, Nd, and S isotope characteristics of Kunene magmatism suggest that the primary magmas were predominantly mantle-derived picrites or basalts. The massif-type anorthosites formed through ascent of feldspathic slurries followed by downward draining of residual liquid. Subsequent magma pulses formed troctolitic sills within the anorthosite plutons and mafic-ultramafic satellite intrusions in the periphery of the anorthosites. The recurring nature of Kunene mafic-ultramafic magmatism results from several successive mantle upwellings. Partial mantle melts ascended through reactivated translithospheric lineaments along the southern margin of the Congo craton.
Impact Damage Management of Composite Laminated Structures by a Probabilistic Approach
Authors: Riccio A. , Russo T. , Scaramuzzino F.
Published: June 2013

A numerical procedure for the design of impact damage resistant composite laminated structures is proposed in
the present paper. This procedure, based on probabilistic analyses, is able to support the design of complex composite
laminated structures by accounting for the scatter in composite materials' mechanical properties (related to the mutable
environmental conditions experienced by an aircraft component during its service life) and by accounting for the
uncertainty on accidental impacts locations. A failure criterion, based on the determination of the threshold critical impact
energy for impact induced delaminations’ onset, is adopted for the evaluation of the damage resistance of composite
laminated structures, in the frame of the introduced probabilistic analyses.

The proposed procedure has been implemented into a commercial FEM platform and composite panels have been used as
numerical benchmarks to investigate the influence of the combined material properties and impact location uncertainties
on composite laminated structures’ impact damage resistance. A further comparison between two different stiffened
composite panels designs have been introduced to highlight the added value of the proposed impact damage resistance
probabilistic approach in terms of safety and effectiveness, with respect to the standard deterministic tools.
Trace Metal Levels in Vehicle Air and Pollen Filter Dusts by the BCR Extraction Procedure
Authors: Altundağ Hüseyin , Dündar Mustafa Şahin , Keskin Can Serkan
Published: June 2013

The availability of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Fe and Zn of dust from vehicle air and pollen filters were investigated by four-step BCR (European Community Bureau of Reference) sequential extraction procedure. The acid-soluble, reducible, oxidizable, residual extracts were measured by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The results indicated that both of air and pollen filter dusts contained higher concentration of Fe. To estimate the accuracy of the method the standard reference material BCR 701 was used. The results for recovery all the elements were found in the range 95.4-101.3%. The mean concentrations [μg/g] of trace elements in dusts from air filters/pollen filters were: cadmium 16.72/17.56; cobalt 24.22/23.72; chromium 46.02/55.44; copper 44.92/37.67; iron 1868.03/1854.92; manganese 231.2/213.64; nickel 38.89/45.27; lead 60.99/67.17; zinc 199.58/201.25. The results obtained are in agreement with data reported in the literature.
Calculation of Sulphur and Nitrogen Deposition with the Frame Model and Assessment of the Exceedance of Critical Loads in Poland
Authors: Kryza Maciej , Mill Wojciech , Dore Anthony J. , Werner Małgorzata , Błaś Marek
Published: June 2013

Sulphur and nitrogen deposition were calculated with the FRAME model and used to assess the exceedances of the critical loads for acidification and eutrophication of natural ecosystems in Poland. For the first time two tools: the FRAME and SONOX models were used jointly to provide information on ecosystems at risk. The FRAME model obtained close agreement with available sulphur and nitrogen wet deposition measurements. The total mass of sulphur deposited in Poland in year 2008 was estimated as 292 Gg S. Total deposition of nitrogen (oxidized + reduced) is 389 Gg N. 11% of the ecosystems in Poland were calculated to be at risk of acidification due to deposition of sulphur and nitrogen. In the case of eutrophication, over 95% of terrestrial ecosystems are at risk due to the large deposition of nitrogen compounds.
The Use of Water Plants in Biomonitoring And Phytoremediation of Waters Polluted with Heavy Metals
Authors: Krems Paweł , Rajfur Małgorzata , Wacławek Maria , Kłos Andrzej
Published: June 2013

The publication is a synthetic review of many years of research on the possibility of using water plants (macrophytes) to assess pollution of surface waters and the possibility of using the biomass in phytoremediation processes. The results of the research of kinetics and equilibria of heavy metals sorption and desorption conditions were presented in order to repeatedly use the biomass, as well as the research on the influence of abiotic factors on sorption processes. Defence mechanisms of macrophytes, which enable them to vegetate in considerably polluted waters, have been discussed. The results presented herein and carried out in many countries demonstrate that macrophytes can be successfully used in the biomonitoring of water environments and phytoremediation of waters and sewage; however, validation of these procedures requires more detailed research of the mechanisms, which accompany them.
Effect of Development of the town of Przemysl on Operation of its Sewerage System
Authors: Stec Agnieszka , Słyś Daniel
Published: June 2013

The paper presents the results of the analysis of the sewage system functioning in the city of Przemysl. It was assumed that, as a result of joining to the city new areas, the volume of stormwater discharged to existing combined sewer system would increase continuously. The information about the areas that are planned to be joined was drawn from current development plan of the city. On the basis of data received from the sewage system exploiter hydrodynamic model of the drainage basin of Zasanie quarter was created. The model is based on the existing sewerage network design and development plan of the city. Simulations with the use of real-life precipitation data collected by the pluviometer in Przemysl were carried out with the use of Storm Water Management Model program.
Determination of hydraulic conductivity of a suspension
Authors: Petrova Marketa , Mls Jiri
Published: June 2013

The process of sedimentation and subsequent gravity compression of kaolin and water suspensions was investigated experimentally. 45 batch tests were carried out and the time dependence of the height of the suspension column was measured. The one-dimensional equations of Darcian mechanics of two-phase porous media are applied to formulate the studied process mathematically. A very natural assumption makes it possible to find a solution of the forward problem for a starting period of the process. Analysis of the theoretical function and the experimental data gives hydraulic conductivity as a function of the suspension concentration. The obtained results are presented and discussed.
Exact analytical solutions for contaminant transport in rivers 1. The equilibrium advection-dispersion equation
Authors: Genuchten Martinus Th. van , Leij Feike J. , Skaggs Todd H. , Toride Nobuo , Bradford Scott A. , Pontedeiro Elizabeth M.
Published: June 2013

Analytical solutions of the advection-dispersion equation and related models are indispensable for predicting or analyzing contaminant transport processes in streams and rivers, as well as in other surface water bodies. Many useful analytical solutions originated in disciplines other than surface-water hydrology, are scattered across the literature, and not always well known. In this two-part series we provide a discussion of the advection-dispersion equation and related models for predicting concentration distributions as a function of time and distance, and compile in one place a large number of analytical solutions. In the current part 1 we present a series of one- and multi-dimensional solutions of the standard equilibrium advection-dispersion equation with and without terms accounting for zero-order production and first-order decay. The solutions may prove useful for simplified analyses of contaminant transport in surface water, and for mathematical verification of more comprehensive numerical transport models. Part 2 provides solutions for advective- dispersive transport with mass exchange into dead zones, diffusion in hyporheic zones, and consecutive decay chain reactions.
Comparison of real evapotranspiration measured by weighing lysimeters with simulations based on the Penman formula and a crop growth model
Authors: Wegehenkel Martin , Gerke Horst H.
Published: June 2013

Although the quantification of real evapotranspiration (ETr) is a prerequisite for an appropriate estimation of the water balance, precision and uncertainty of such a quantification are often unknown. In our study, we tested a combined growth and soil water balance model for analysing the temporal dynamics of ETr. Simulated ETr, soil water storage and drainage rates were compared with those measured by 8 grass-covered weighable lysimeters for a 3-year period (January 1, 1996 to December 31, 1998). For the simulations, a soil water balance model based on the Darcy-equation and a physiological-based growth model for grass cover for the calculation of root water uptake were used. Four lysimeters represented undisturbed sandy soil monoliths and the other four were undisturbed silty-clay soil monoliths. The simulated ETr-rates underestimated the higher ETr-rates observed in the summer periods. For some periods in early and late summer, the results were indicative for oasis effects with lysimeter-measured ETr-rates higher than corresponding calculated rates of potential grass reference evapotranspiration. Despite discrepancies between simulated and observed lysimeter drainage, the simulation quality for ETr and soil water storage was sufficient in terms of the Nash-Sutcliffe index, the modelling efficiency index, and the root mean squared error. The use of a physiological-based growth model improved the ETr estimations significantly.
Heavy and light minerals as a tool for reconstructing depositional environments: an example from the Jałówka site (northern Podlasie region, NE Poland)
Authors: Woronko Barbara , Rychel Joanna , Karasiewicz Mirosław T. , Ber Andrzej , Krzywicki Tomasz , Marks Leszek , Pochocka-Szwarc Katarzyna
Published: June 2013

Part of northern Podlasie (NE Poland), shaped during the Wartanian stadial of the Odranian glaciation (Saalian), was situated in the periglacial zone during the Vistulian (Weichselian) glaciation. Both landforms and sediments were affected by the periglacial conditions. This is recorded at the Jałówka site, at the floor of a dry valley, where mineral deposits of 4.13 m thick, overlying organic deposits from the Eemian interglacial, were examined. These mineral deposits form four units, from bottom to top: a fluvial unit (I), a loess-like unit (II), a solifluction unit (III), and an aeolian unit with ice wedges (IV) on top of unit III. The heavy and light minerals were analysed, as well as the geochemistry, in order to find out about the parent material and to reconstruct the climatic conditions during deposition. The mineral analysis indicates that the Saalian till was predominantly derived from shallow-marine deposits; erosion accompanied by sorting of the heavy minerals took place on the basis of their mass and grain size. The original material of the till seems therefore to be sedimentary rocks from the eastern Central Baltic Basin. This material became strongly weathered under the periglacial conditions, resulting in the destruction of the quartz grains, as well as in leaching, leading to complete decalcification of the deposits. Aeolian activity resulted in infilling of ice wedges and the creation of thin layers. The intensity and the duration of these processes was limited, so that the effects of the aeolian abrasion are insignificant. Neither resulted the aeolian activity in significant reshaping of the landscape.
Modeling the tip-sample interaction in atomic force microscopy with Timoshenko beam theory
Authors: Claeyssen Julio R. , Tsukazan Teresa , Tonetto Leticia , Tolfo Daniela
Published: June 2013

A matrix framework is developed for single and multispan micro-cantilevers Timoshenko beam models of use in atomic force microscopy (AFM). They are considered subject to general forcing loads and boundary conditions for modeling tipsample interaction. Surface effects are considered in the frequency analysis of supported and cantilever microbeams. Extensive use is made of a distributed matrix fundamental response that allows to determine forced responses through convolution and to absorb non-homogeneous boundary conditions. Transients are identified from intial values of permanent responses. Eigenanalysis for determining frequencies and matrix mode shapes is done with the use of a fundamental matrix response that characterizes solutions of a damped second-order matrix differential equation. It is observed that surface effects are influential for the natural frequency at the nanoscale. Simulations are performed for a bi-segmented free-free beam and with a micro-cantilever beam actuated by a piezoelectric layer laminated in one side.
Contrast and Congruence Effects in Affective Priming of Words and Melodies
Authors: Peynircioğlu Zehra F. , March James D. , Surprenant Aimée M. , Neath Ian
Published: June 2013

We examined possible congruence and contrast effects during affective priming of linguistic and musical stimuli. In Experiment 1, when two words were presented auditorily, participants judged the affective content of the second item (happy or sad) faster when the affects matched (congruency), as expected. In Experiment 2, however, a contrast effect was observed with melodies, with slower responses in the matched conditions. In Experiment 3, two words, two melodies, or one of each were presented. A congruency effect was observed when the target was a musical stimulus (regardless of the prime type) but a contrast effect was observed when the target was a linguistic stimulus (again, regardless of the prime type). The results show that affective properties can influence the priming in both music and language. However, such priming is sensitive to the type of task, and strategic/expectancy effects play a large role when stimulus types are mixed.
Language and Task Switching in Polish-English Bilinguals
Authors: Klecha Anna
Published: June 2013

The study investigated the relationship between the efficiency of switching languages and non-linguistic tasks in non-proficient Polish-English bilinguals. The participants performed picture naming that involved switching between L1 and L2 in both directions and a shape or color decision on visually presented figures, which required switching and mixing two different tasks. No relationship between the efficiency in switching languages and non-linguistic tasks was observed. However, increased language switching efficiency was related to high task mixing efficiency, indicating that maintaining two languages and two non-linguistic tasks active is mediated by equivalent control processes. Also, switching from L2 to L1 was more time-consuming than in the opposite direction and participants with the greatest L1 switching disadvantage were the fastest task switchers. These findings suggest that nonproficient bilinguals inhibit their stronger language while switching between L1 and L2 and equivalent inhibitory mechanisms can be responsible for the facilitation of their task switching performance.
Avoidant Addresses in Japanese Families Reflect Family Conflicts
Authors: Yokotani Kenji
Published: June 2013

The study focused on Avoidant Addresses (AAs) in Japanese families and investigated the links between daily use of AAs in the family and family conflicts. The participants were 329 Japanese college students. They reported forms of address used daily among each of their family members. They also rated the frequency of conflicts among each of their family members. The results show that parent-child relationships with AAs experienced significantly higher frequency of parent-child conflicts than those without. The families with AAs also experienced a higher frequency of family conflicts than those without. Use of AAs might be unacceptable in Japanese families and reflect parent-child and family conflicts.
Vertical microzonation of ciliates in cryoconite holes in Ecology Glacier, King George Island
Authors: Mieczan Tomasz , Górniak Dorota , Świątecki Aleksander , Zdanowski Marek , Tarkowska−Kukuryk Monika , Adamczuk Małgorzata
Published: June 2013

There are hardly any data concerning the vertical micro−distribution of protozoa in water column in cryoconite holes on the glacier surface. Such comparisons can provide in− sights into the ecology of protozoa. The present research wasmade on Ecology Glacier (South Shetland Islands, Antarctic); vertical microzonation of ciliates in relation to physical and chemical parameters in cryoconite holes was studied. The density and biomass of protozoans significantly differed between the studied stations (cryoconite holes), with the lowest num− bers in the surface water and the highest in the bottom water. The surface waters were domi− nated by mixotrophic and omnivorous taxa,whereas the deepest sampling level has shown the increase of the proportion of bacterivore species. Ordination analysis indicated that TN and P−PO4 can strongly regulate the abundance and species composition of protozoa. The redun− dancy analyses (RDA) showed that the ciliate communities can be separated into two groups. The first group included species associated with surface water: Halteria grandinella and Codonella sp. The second group included species that are associated with bottom water: Prorodon sp., Holosticha pullaster, Stylonychia mytilus−complex and small scuticociliates.
Benthic foraminifera from Pine Island and Ferrero bays, Amundsen Sea
Authors: Majewski Wojciech
Published: June 2013

Twenty one core tops from the central part of Pine Island Bay and nearby Ferrero Bay were collected in early 2010. They originate from a poorly studied area of the Amundsen Sea influenced at greater depths by relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water. Almost all samples came from water−depths between 550 and 900 m and yield benthic foraminiferal assemblages of moderate variability with a significant decrease in calcareous forms with increasing water−depth. In total, 93 benthic taxa, belonging to 71 genera, are identified at the species level. They share a greater percentage of common species with the Ross Sea than with South Shetland Islands, most likely due to stronger climatic dissimilar− ity with the latter. Interestingly, the assemblages from Pine Island Bay, share the greatest numbers of taxa with assemblages described from Lutzow−Holm Bay in East Antarctica, where the influence of Circumpolar Deep Water has been also recognized.
Engineered RNA Nanodesigns for Applications in RNA Nanotechnology
Authors: Afonin Kirill A. , Lindsay Brian , Shapiro Bruce A.
Published: June 2013

Nucleic acids have emerged as an extremely promising platform for nanotechnological applications because of their unique biochemical properties and functions. RNA, in particular, is characterized by relatively high thermal stability, diverse structural flexibility, and its capacity to perform a variety of functions in nature. These properties make RNA a valuable platform for bio-nanotechnology, specifically RNA Nanotechnology, that can create
Vehicles for Small Interfering RNA transfection: Exosomes versus Synthetic Nanocarriers
Authors: Duechler Markus
Published: June 2013

Therapies based on RNA interference (RNAi) hold a great potential for targeted interference of the expression of specific genes. Small-interfering RNAs (siRNA) and micro-RNAs interrupt protein synthesis by inducing the degradation of messenger RNAs or by blocking their translation. RNAibased therapies can modulate the expression of otherwise undruggable target proteins. Full exploitation of RNAi for medical purposes depends on efficient and safe methods for delivery of small RNAs to the target cells. Tremendous effort has gone into the development of synthetic carriers to meet all requirements for efficient delivery of nucleic acids into particular tissues. Recently, exosomes unveiled their function as a natural communication system which can be utilized for the transport of small RNAs into target cells. In this review, the capabilities of exosomes as delivery vehicles for small RNAs are compared to synthetic carrier systems. The step by step requirements for efficient transfection are considered: production of the vehicle, RNA loading, protection against degradation, lack of immunogenicity, targeting possibilities, cellular uptake, cytotoxicity, RNA release into the cytoplasm and gene silencing efficiency. An exosomebased siRNA delivery system shows many advantages over conventional transfection agents, however, some crucial issues need further optimization before broad clinical application can be realized.
The Boundaries of Language: Dealing with Paralinguistic Features
Authors: Karpiński Maciej
Published: June 2013

Maciej Karpiński. The Boundaries of Language: Dealing with Paralinguistic Features. Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. LIV (2)/2012. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. PL ISSN 0079-4740, ISBN 978-83-7654-252-2, pp. 37-54.

The paralinguistic component of communication attracted a great deal of attention from contemporary linguists in the 1960s. The seminal works written then by Trager, Crystal and others had a powerful influence on the concept of paralanguage that lasted for many years. But, with the focus shifting towards the socio-psychological context of communication in the 1970s, the development of spoken corpora and databases and the significant progress in speech technology in the 1980s and 1990s, the need has arisen for a more comprehensive, coherent and formalised - but also flexible - approach to paralinguistic features. This study advances some preliminary proposals for a revised treatment of paralanguage that would meet some of these requirements and provide a conceptual basis for a new system of annotation for paralinguistic features. A range of views on paralinguistic features, which come mostly from the fields of speech prosody and gesture analysis, are briefly discussed. A number of assumptions and postulates are formulated to allow for a more consistent approach to paralinguistic features. The study suggests that there should be more reliance on continua than on binary categorisations of features, that multi-functionality and multimodality should be fully acknowledged and that clear distinctions should be made among the levels of description, and between the properties of speakers and the speech signal itself.
Resultatives in Basque: A Diachronic Study
Authors: Krajewska Dorota
Published: June 2013

Dorota Krajewska. Resultatives in Basque: A Diachronic Study. Lingua Posnaniensis, vol. LIV (2)/2012. The Poznań Society for the Advancement of the Arts and Sciences. PL ISSN 0079-4740, ISBN 978-83-7654-252-2, pp. 55-67.

This paper deals with several aspects of the diachrony of Basque resultative constructions. In present day Basque, resultatives can be used with perfect-like meaning. The goal of this paper has been thus to study the development of the non-resultative uses of resultative constructions. To this end, the diathesis types of resultative and the meanings the construction may convey are studied in a corpus of 17th to 20th century texts. It has been found that in the time span covered by the study, new diathesis types are introduced and two new meanings develop: perfect and experiential.
Synanthropic Orchard Flora in West Mazovia – Central Poland
Authors: Lisek Jerzy
Published: June 2013

Research on synanthropic flora was conducted in the orchards of central Poland (near Skierniewice, Łowicz and Grójec). In the 2007-2010 time period, 390 phytosociological releves were taken, which included herbicide fallow under trees, swarm of inter-rows, tillage places, trodden and rutty places, roadsides, boundary stripes and drainage ditches. In the examined orchards the occurrence of 186 species belonging to 39 botanical families was noted. The most numerously represented were: Asteraceae (21%), Poaceae (15%), Brassicacea (8%) and Fabaceae (7%). In the examined orchards, 60% of the found species occurred occasionally or rarely. Those species which were found at the 15% level were: Equisetum arvense, Polygonum aviculare, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Stellaria media, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Convolvulus arvensis, Viola arvensis, Epilobium adenocaulon, Conyza canadensis, Taraxacum officinale, Poa annua, and Echinochloa crus-galli. All of these species which occurred at the 15% level were most frequently noted in the herbicide fallow and were recognised as the most significant orchard weeds. The most numerous group in the examined orchards was made up of the therophytes (50%), which predominated over hemicryptophytes (31%) and geophytes (10%). Apophytes - native species (59%) predominated over archeophytes (33%) and kenophytes (8%). Within the vascular flora of the examined orchards, those which were predominant were the segetal species (26%), ruderal species (21%) and meadow species (19%).
Efficacy of Spirotetramat in the Control of Pear Psylla (Cacopsylla Pyri L.) on Pear Trees in Poland
Authors: Jaworska Krystyna , Olszak Remigiusz W. , Łabanowska Barbara H. , Korzeniowski Mirosław
Published: June 2013

The effectiveness of spirotetramat in the control of pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyri) on pear trees was investigated in five field experiments, carried out in years 2009- 2011. One or two treatments were applied in June; the first treatment in the early stage of larvae hatching from eggs deposited by females from the summer generation, whilst the second application was carried out about two weeks later. In all the experiments, spirotetramat as Movento 100 SC applied at a dose of 2.25 l/ha effectively reduced the pest population after only a single application (total reduction of larvae after one week post-treatment 75.3-91.4%, and 83.7-97.6% at two weeks posttreatment). Movento 100 SC applied after a single application at a lower dose of 1.8 l/ha had a slightly worse effect (the total reduction of larvae at one week posttreatment was at the level of 58.4-91.3%, and two weeks after application at the level of 56-92.6%) - but in this case only a few larvae at stages L4 and L5 were found on pear shoots. The effectiveness of spirotetramat at both doses after two applications was very high.

In comparison with standard insecticides the efficacy of spirotetramat was higher or not significantly different. In two experiments the application of standard compounds such as diflubenzuron and novaluron was not effective in controlling pear psylla and therefore did not prevent damage to pear trees. This may suggest that local populations of the pest are resistant to these measures, especially since they have been used for many years to control other pests of pear trees
Measurement of strain-rate components in a glacier with embedded inclinometers: numerical analysis
Authors: Jaber Mariam , Blatter Heinz , Picasso Marco
Published: June 2013

Inclinometry with embedded probes is analyzed with a Stokes model of a solid body floating in a fluid with much smaller viscosity for a two-dimensional flow field. The assumption that such a probe behaves like a Lagrangian unit vector is only justified for probes embedded in a Newtonian fluid with lengths at least four times their width. A fluid with Glen-type rheology results in a slightly smaller rotation rate of the probe compared to Newtonian fluids.
The Culture of the Ancient Epithet: Gerard Manley Hopkins and the Translation of Imagination
Authors: Mitchell Jack
Published: June 2013

A culturally nuanced translation of archaic Greek verbal culture can only be achieved with reference to the original audience. In Bacchylides 17 (‘Theseus’ Dive’), the fifth-century poet's compound epithets operate entirely within an epic-lyric tradition, in contrast to the fourth-century verbal innovation of Timotheus. Poetry in the English language has always followed Timotheus more than Bacchylides, reaching a climax in the theory of ‘inscape’ and expressive epithets of Gerard Manley Hopkins. As a classicist, Hopkins was intimately familiar with Greek poetic diction, and his notebooks record that he interpreted the Iliad's traditional epithets contextually and not merely lexically. Analogically, we may imagine Greek audiences as projecting their own personal contexts and experience into the interpretation of the traditional compound epithets of Bacchylides 17.
A Nilufar by any other Name: The Implications of Reading Sadegh Hedayat in Translation
Authors: Andrianova Anastassiya
Published: June 2013

This article demonstrates that Sadegh Hedayat's The Blind Owl (Buf-e Kur), arguably the most important work of modern Iranian literature but also seen as ‘a Western novel’, makes it conspicuous how our understanding of ‘global’ texts is conditioned by translation, critical reception, and the material aspects of publication. More precisely, the article examines how Western and non-Western critical approaches to this novel combine to produce illuminating, but also problematic, polysemies. It shows how specific lexical choices in Roger Lescot's French and D. P. Costello's English translations transform the work's meaning, and considers, more broadly, the critical, definitional, and theoretical questions about the politics of hermeneutics and translation which these choices imply. Its wider subject is the reading, translating, and teaching of non-Western literature.
An aniline dication-like transition state in the Bamberger rearrangement
Authors: Yamabe Shinichi , Zeng Guixiang , Guan Wei , Sakaki Shigeyoshi
Published: June 2013

A Bamberger rearrangement of N-phenylhydroxylamine, Ph–N(OH)H, to p-aminophenol was investigated by DFT calculations for the first time. The nitrenium ion, C6H5–NH+, suggested and seemingly established as an intermediate was calculated to be absent owing to the high nucleophilicity of the water cluster around it. First, a reaction of the monoprotonated system, Ph–N(OH)H + H3O+(H2O)n (n = 4 and 14) was examined. However, the rate-determining transition states involving proton transfers were calculated to have much larger activation energies than the experimental one. Second, a reaction of the diprotonated system, Ph–N(OH)H + (H3O+)2(H2O)13, was traced. An activation energy similar to the experimental one was obtained. A new mechanism of the rearrangement including the aniline dication-like transition state was proposed.
Langue mater Langue amère
Authors: Allain-Dupré Brigitte
Published: June 2013

À partir de larges extraits du livre de Aharon Appelfeld, Le Garçon qui voulait dormir , l’auteur propose une rêverie autour du thème de la permanence de la langue maternelle. Symétriquement, cette permanence est interrogée à partir de la rupture radicale à laquelle est exposée l’enfant adopté par les voies internationales. La question de la narrativité comme vecteur de transmission d’une filiation est au cœur du propos.
No life
Authors: Fouchard Christine
Published: June 2013

Un cas de « no life » est exposé, montrant les modifications de l’attitude analytique justifiées par cette pathologie de type déficit de lien. La fonction sensation et la capacité relationnelle qui lui est corrélée peuvent être restaurées grâce à une plongée dans le monde archétypique du patient, celui des images virtuelles n’étant pas animé et restant impersonnel.
« Le Soi Tissé »
Authors: Briand Catherine
Published: June 2013

Les ateliers à médiation textile s’adressent avant tout à des personnes en rupture de liens. Le filet de pêche, qui est utilisé comme support dans ces ateliers collectifs, permet à chaque participant, le temps d’une séance, de dérouler le fil de son voyage symbolique. Fils, rubans, tissus viennent colorer les récits et réveiller l’imaginaire de chacun. Là, dans l’entre deux d’une maille, surgit la sensation qui vient donner sens et vie dans l’instant présent. L’acte devient thérapeutique, grâce au soutien de l’art thérapeute, qui encourage et accompagne l’expression individuelle. Ces moments de création se nourrissent de textes fondateurs analytiques, transgénérationnels, anthropologiques et philosophiques.
Vingt ans de politique portuaire à Bruxelles (1993-2012)
Authors: Origer Geneviève
Published: June 2013

Créé par l’ordonnance du 3 décembre 1992, le Port de Bruxelles fonctionne depuis le 1er juin 1993. Avec la STIB, il est l’un des premiers organismes para-régionaux à avoir conclu un contrat de gestion avec la Région. Aujourd’hui, il gère le second port intérieur belge. À l’occasion des vingt ans du Port de Bruxelles, le Courrier hebdomadaire étudie les contrats de gestion successifs auxquels a été soumise la société régionale. L’objectif est d’éclairer les décisions politiques qui ont présidé à l’évolution des installations, du foncier et du fonctionnement du Port, en examinant les positions des différents acteurs régionaux et les arbitrages rendus. Il s’agit également d’analyser la manière dont les contrats de gestion ont été mis en œuvre en fonction des enjeux régionaux, et la mesure dans laquelle ils ont porté le rôle du Port dans l’économie, l’emploi et la mobilité. Cette étude est réalisée par Geneviève Origer, ancienne directrice en charge du développement du Port. La première partie présente la place portuaire bruxelloise dans son environnement urbain et européen, dans ses spécificités (atouts, potentiels et contraintes) et dans ses aspects institutionnels (statuts, organes, financement et obligations). Elle retrace la régionalisation de l’ancienne Société du canal, la mise en place des nouvelles instances et la préparation du premier contrat de gestion du Port de Bruxelles.
« Gender gap à la française » : recomposition ou dépassement ?
Authors: Sénac Réjane , Parodi Maxime
Published: June 2013

Du droit à la contraception en 1965 à la parité en 1995 en passant par l’avortement en 1974, l’élection présidentielle française est le théâtre de débats sur les déclinaisons politiques du principe, constitutionnel depuis 1946, d’égalité de droits entre les sexes. L’élection présidentielle de 2012 se caractérise à la fois par l’intensité de la médiatisation sur ce sujet et par la transversalité des thèmes abordés (égalité salariale, lutte contre les violences, parité…). Après avoir questionné la dimension politique du rapport à l’égalité femmes-hommes dans la campagne présidentielle 2012, il s’agira de se demander si cette élection annonce la fin d’un vote sexué. Les analyses électorales soulignent depuis les années 1980 l’alignement du vote des femmes sur celui des hommes en lien avec la modification de leur statut en termes d’autonomie socio-économique. La réticence des électrices à voter pour le Front national est alors interprétée comme l’expression de différences sociodémographiques (en particulier d’âge et de religion) portant des enjeux de valeur. Nous interrogerons l’actualité et l’évolution du « gender gap à la française » à partir des enquêtes Présidoscopie et post-électorale 2012 du CEVIPOF. Leur analyse nous conduira à expliquer le rapprochement notable du vote des femmes et des hommes pour le Front national par l’attrait exercé par le repositionnement social de ce parti, en particulier sur la population précaire où les femmes sont plus présentes.
Un choix, des logiques multiples
Authors: Tiberj Vincent , Denni Bernard , Mayer Nonna
Published: June 2013

Le vote comme les votants ont changé. La montée de l’hésitation, les variations d’une élection à l’autre, tant en termes de participation que de résultats, le démontrent clairement. Dans cet article, il s’agit, à travers l’outil des probabilités de vote, de contribuer à prendre la mesure de cette nouvelle donne. Contrairement aux questions d’intentions de vote classiques, cet outil fait apparaître les logiques de vote négatif et l’espace des possibles électoraux des individus. Il permet également de mieux comprendre les logiques de la campagne présidentielle de 2012 ainsi que les reconfigurations idéologiques à l’œuvre en France tant à droite qu’à gauche. Ces analyses sont réalisées à partir des enquêtes TriÉlec menées entre juillet 2011 et mars 2012.
Les sciences sociales doivent-elles accumuler les capitaux ?
Authors: Neveu Érik
Published: June 2013

Le point de départ et l’alibi de cette contribution vient du livre Erotic Capital de Catherine Hakim, qui argumente sur la nécessité théorique de prendre en compte un capital impensé, « érotique », dont les effets s’observent en tous domaines de la vie sociale et dont la légitimation pourrait être une ressource pour les femmes. L’analyse de C. Hakim pose une série de questions sur la singularité réelle de ce capital, la façon dont elle articule son analyse à des travaux déjà existants, la nature de ses usages. Au-delà, son travail invite à questionner le processus inflationniste de multiplication de « capitaux » aux adjectifs variés. Cet article propose de se doter de distinctions conceptuelles claires entre des types élémentaires de capitaux (culturel, économique, social, symbolique) d’une part, et d’autre part, les formes que chacun peut décliner et les combinatoires de ces capitaux élémentaires par lesquelles s’engendrent des capitaux « moléculaires » efficients dans un espace social donné.