bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Core Inductor Embedded in Laminates for 3D Integrations
Authors: Wu Yanze , Yeng I-Chen , Yu Hongbin
Published: January 2025

The strong demand for the 3D packaging technology has accelerated the miniaturization of passive devices, and inductors are facing challenges because the inductance value will be sacrificed when the size is shrinking. The magnetic core is one of the solutions due to its enhancement of inductance density but it will also add complexity to the fabrication process.

In this work, a novel method to fabricate the magnetic core inductors on flexible substrates is proposed and demonstrated. The inductor has a stacking structure of three layers: the Cu trace layer, and the two layers of magnetic core (under and above the Cu). The Cu trace is patterned by the wet etch process on the flexible PCB, and the upper layer magnetic core is directly sputtered on the Cu trace layer with the Ajinomoto buildup film covering the Cu surface as insulation. A polyimide layer on the carrier wafer is prepared as the substrate for the lower magnetic core layer and the pattern is also created by the liftoff process. Then, the two finished layers are aligned and bonded with a flip-chip bonder with high precision and efficiency. Before the whole fabrication process, the patterns of the Cu trace and magnetic core are designed and optimized by the finite element analysis software to extract the parameters for comparison. And finally, the finished devices are measured with the radiofrequency probe station. The result shows that the inductance density and the quality factor of the magnetic core inductor could be 3.61 nH/mm2 and 6.22, respectively, with the device size being only 0.95 mm2. Compare with the air core inductor with the same Cu trace pattern, the magnetic core inductor elevates the inductance by 10% and still keep the same low profile, of which the thickness of the whole device is within 100 micron. These parameters are measured and extracted at 100 MHz and this is the widely used frequency for the power delivery applications such as the in-chip integrated voltage regulators.
Chip Scale Power Transistor Packaging
Authors: Bowers Shaun
Published: January 2025

Power packaging technologies are split between discrete and integrated solutions, using a wide variety of form factors and sizes. Applications in power management, delivery, conversion and switching are all ripe for innovation. Recent advancements in packaging allow for size reduction with enhanced electrical performance and integration. This presentation will explore power packaging technologies in use today and introduce Amkor’s new PowerCSP(TM) chip scale package family for both discrete and integrated power.
Evolution and Applications of Fine-Feature Solder Paste Printing for Heterogeneous Integration
Authors: Griffith Evan
Published: January 2025

The semiconductor industry is quickly adopting heterogeneous integration as a solution to allow a large number of dies to be packed onto smaller components, improving cost-performance while expanding functionality. As such, the printing of solder paste formulated for System in Package (SiP) applications is becoming more difficult, with many depositions designed at one point as extremes during testing becoming the norm in industry. This paper will first briefly discuss the evolution of soldering material for heterogeneous integration, as some aspects of solder paste manufacturing, such as powder size, differ significantly from larger scale soldering applications. The objective of this study is to illustrate critical parameters for the printing of SiP paste. Multiple parameters that are important for SiP paste printing applications will be discussed, such as the metal load optimization, paste rheology, and metal powder size, type, and quality.
High Performance TIM for Lidded FCBGA Products
Authors: Kweon YoungDo
Published: January 2025

The need for high thermal performance semiconductor packages, such as lidded Flip Chip ball grid arrays (FCBGAs), is increasing for the next high-end central processing unit (CPU) semiconductor devices. However, today’s major polymer thermal interface materials (TIMs) have limited thermal conductivity. Also, because the polymer TIMs are located between the heat spreader (metal lid) and device die backside in the lidded FCBGA structure, assembly quality is critical to achieve low thermal contact resistance for high thermal dissipation performance. Therefore, optimal TIM selection is essential for enhanced thermal performance at the package level.

In this paper, advanced TIMs are discussed for next-generation FCBGAs, specifically, TIM1 for large body and die sizes including a 2.5D multi-chip module (MCM).
Challenges for Achieving Automotive Grade 1/0 Reliability in FCBGA and fcCSP Packages
Authors: Olmstead Knowlton
Published: January 2025

Achieving the Automotive Electronics Council (AEC) Q-100 specification for Grade 1 and 0 reliability introduces unique challenges as thermal cycling (TC) and high temperature storage (HTS) requirements increase. New automotive packages require increased integration of device functionality for sensors, driver assistance systems, infotainment and in-vehicle networking which pushes demand for larger package sizes. This increase in package size and thermal cycling over a large temperature range (from -55 to 150°C) introduces high thermomechanical stress to the package. Additionally, high operating temperatures and the need for 15-year reliability with zero-defect quality are driving qualifications that extend beyond the AEC Q-100 specification conditions. These factors present material challenges such as intermetallic compound (IMC) growth, degradation of organic materials and increased likelihood of wear-out failures from thermomechanical stresses.

This presentation provides an update on flip chip Chip Scale Packaging (fcCSP) and Flip Chip ball grid array (FCBGA) material and package development to achieve Grade 1/0 reliability. Simulation of key mechanical properties such as the modulus of elasticity and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and material aging experiments have highlighted the need to identify substrate materials, underfills and epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) that can withstand harsh TC and HTS conditions up to 175°C. To reduce thermomechanical stress in TC, low CTE substrate materials are needed. Results from prior experiments and current work have identified a robust bill of materials (BOM) for a 35 mm body size FCBGA and 12 mm body fcCSP package capable of achieving Grade 1 reliability. The remaining challenges and potential solutions are discussed for selecting materials capable of reaching Grade 0 and extended qualifications.
Advancements of Temporary Bond and Debond: Creating Photonic Debonding Methods and Materials for Wafer-Level Packaging
Authors: Prenger Luke
Published: January 2025

Wafer-level packaging (WLP) has become an ever-advancing technology to assist in the advancement of integrated circuit (IC) performance by creating a faster package with shorter interconnects between multiple ICs. Advancing the technologies for WLP have become more important as the years have gone by in order to compensate for the slowing down of Moore’s Law, so that performance increase and cost reduction can be maintained at a study pace. Due to the need of newer technologies, more investments are being made by outsourced semiconductor assembly and test (OSAT) facilities, packaging houses, foundries, and integrated device manufacturers (IDMs) in advanced packaging. One important field in advanced packaging that is benefiting from the investments being made is temporary bond and debond (TB/DB) technologies, where adoption and use of these technologies are steadily increasing due to the rise of more complex problems. TB/DB has been commonly utilized to enable technologies such as fan-out wafer-level packing (FOWLP), where highly warped epoxy mold compound (EMC) wafers are used, to help reduce the overall warpage of the wafer as well as enable backside processing of the EMC wafers. Traditionally, TB/DB has utilized three main debond methods: thermal slide debond, mechanical debond, and laser debond. Each of the three debond methods have their own advantages and disadvantages compared to each other, offer different types of combinations of material systems, and offer different levels of wafer throughput.

In this paper, a novel flashlamp-based photonic debonding method, and corresponding materials, will be discussed. The photonic debond method combines advantages of the other debonding systems, while reducing the disadvantages. This new debond technology drastically increases throughput by offering debond times within the seconds range for the whole wafer, will provide a lower cost of ownership, and offer a wide variety of material solutions consisting of thermoplastic, thermoset, and multifunctional materials.
Adaptive Patterning Techniques for the Chiplet Era
Authors: Bishop Craig
Published: January 2025

As the industry has evolved to deliver heterogenous integration, chiplets, and high-density interconnect, so has Deca’s Adaptive Patterning (TM) (AP) technology. Wafer and panel fan-out, fan-out on substrate, and other embedded die interconnect technologies all have inherent natural variations in the manufacturing process, with die-shift typically having the highest impact. Rather than fight variation by using high accuracy, lower throughput equipment, AP takes a different approach and accommodates variation through real-time design-during-manufacturing. First a high-speed optical scanner measures the actual position of each die, next the AP software system generates a unique per-unit lithography pattern adapted to its individual measurement, and finally the specific per-unit patterns are implemented with a single-pass, mask-less lithography system. Techniques such as Adaptive Alignment for single-die, and Adaptive Routing for multi-die integration are used to enable the highest density design rules.

This publication will present two newly developed AP techniques that allow further scaling to high density interconnect. The first, Progressive Adaptive Alignment, extends previous techniques to allow distribution of the die-shift across all layers in the stack-up. Example design studies will be shown to illustrate the advantages for fan-out on substrate and package-on-package (PoP). The second technique, Adaptive Shapes, dynamically redesigns power planes, signal planes, and fill metal to account for measured die-shift. Adaptive power planes and signal planes provide robust signal integrity for multi-die integration, while dynamic metal fill optimizes the topography in multi-RDL products, delivering real-time design-for-manufacturing (DFM). An example design study with multiple HBM memory interfaces will explore possible applications and benefits for designs with 2µm, and finer, lines.

These Adaptive Patterning techniques offer a compelling solution for chiplet integration. Removing traditional fixed photomasks from the equation breaks through conventional barriers to fine-pitch, high density, and high-yield for embedded die structures.
Design and Simulation of 3D TSV Inductor for IoT Applications
Authors: Kim Bruce
Published: January 2025

Full abstract not available for Design and Simulation of 3D TSV Inductor for IoT Applications.
Liquid Metal Embedded Elastomers (LMEEs) as an Emerging Material Architecture for TIMs in Semiconductor Packaging
Authors: Kazem Navid
Published: January 2025

Advancements within the semiconductor industry have led to an increase in microprocessor performance through continued reduction in the length scale of individual transistors. These improvements create challenging thermal management issues that are driven by a sharp increase in power densities. Current thermal interface materials (TIMs) must have extremely low interfacial contact resistance, while being highly stretchable to accommodate large deformation in semiconductor packages due to mismatch of the coefficient of thermal expansion. Several innovations in material architectures from vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, and graphite composites to solder based solid metal die attach and liquid metal TIMs have been previously proposed. However low thermal resistance and high mechanical reliability properties are still mutually exclusive in current TIMs. To address the growing thermal challenges of semiconductor industry, we introduce a novel material architecture of Liquid Metal Embedded Elastomers (LMEEs) where we embed micro-droplets of gallium-based alloys (Tm < 16°C) inside a silicone elastomer. Liquid metal droplets do not impact the overall mechanical properties of the base polymer, resulting in high stretchability, low elastic modulus, high adhesion, and high thermal conductivity (creating an extremely low thermal resistance at the interface). Furthermore, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) results show that LMEEs maintain their mechanical properties down to temperatures of less than -55°C, which is essential for reliability performances. In this presentation, I will address LMEEs material architecture and properties that shows high promises for effective thermal managements as a thermal interface material (TIM) in high performance semiconductor packaging.
Advanced Packaging Leading Electronics Industry Transition into Next Decade
Authors: Trivedi Vaibhav
Published: January 2025

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

• Emerging Markets & Trends

• Major shifts in Advanced packaging over last 5 years: Historical Perspective

• Leading Advanced Packaging form factors

• Supply Chain landscape / Advanced Packaging supplier Eco-system

• Emerging trends in Advanced packaging & Market Drivers for next 5 years

• Fan-out packaging as an enabler in electronics industry transition and its role in

shaping semiconductor supply chain
Automotive Packaging Trends - Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Cho EungSan , Meyer Thorsten
Published: January 2025

In the 1950’s and 1960’s electronic components started to be embedded into the automotive field, such as semiconductor transistors in car radios and power diodes in alternators. Since then, electronics have been widely adopted into many automotive applications. Many of the recent innovations in the automotive industry are the result of the use of innovative electronic devices. The use of electronics in automotive solutions has become widespread and now new applications support the engine, motor and chassis function, convenience, security and safety. Of course, these new applications have been realized through the development of innovative chip technologies but it should be recognized that packaging technologies are also playing an increasingly important role. Package technologies not only have to meet the thermal, mechanical, electrical and quality performance requirements in automotive applications but also must enable a cost effective solution for the end customer. In reality, there is no single package solution that can meet all of needs and requirements so a system integration approach is needed. The system integration approach combines chip and packaging technologies along with the know-how and knowledge taken from consumer electronics and adapts them for the harsh conditions of automotive applications. This approach is key to the successful further deployment of electronics in future automotive applications. This presentation addresses the package applications and respective reliability requirements for power electronics in automotive industries. Guidance is provided on reliability mission profiles as well as recent investigations on the use of consumer packages in automotive. Higher reliability requirements and expectations in the field of autonomous driving and electro- mobility will be the upcoming topics in automotive applications.
Coating Adhesion Testing
Authors: Monaghan Tom
Published: January 2025

Knowles Corp. has been producing SiSonic Surface Mount MEMS microphones since 2002 and is in its fourth generation of development. Over 10 billion of these units have been shipped to date. These microphone assemblies contain a MEMS device and

an ASIC mounted to a PCB. They all use

a metal can to protect the electronics, act as an RF shield and

establish either the front volume (with a port hole in the can) or the back volume (with a port hole in the PCB under the MEMS device) for the

microphone. These cans are generally

bathtub shaped. During the first level

assembly process, the cans are soldered down to the PCB and laser marked. The assembled units are then diced, tested and placed into tape and

reel in preparation for the second level assembly.

Recently, several customers have

requested improved RF performance, due

to the application environment of the

microphones. One customer has required a coating on the inside of the can to achieve this decrease in the radiated RF of the microphone. This coating may be applied using several different methods: direct injection molding, offline molding and gluing into the can or spray coating. The coating can be one of several different materials.

Part of the requirement for this new can with coating configuration is to

quantify the level of adhesion between

the coating and the can. There are a

few standard methods currently used to determine the level of adhesion

between a film or coating and a

substrate: peel testing, shear testing

and tensile pull testing. All of these

methodologies work well for planar

geometries, but are not well suited

for variable geometries like a can.

Drop testing is also used to check adhesion, but it does not quantify the

level of adhesion between two materials. A new test must be developed to support the coating

technology needed for this process

improvement.

This paper will describe the materials, tooling, the process of sample preparation and the test procedures that were developed to

support the adhesion test. Several different materials and several

different application methods for this

material were tested. This test procedure is currently in production.

The advantages to this procedure are

that the test jigs can be reused and the materials are readily available.

The test jigs can be modified for application to different geometries,

different coating materials and

different coating methods.
Beurling type invariant subspaces on Hardy and Bergman spaces of the unit ball or polydisk
Authors: Gu Caixing , Luo Shuaibing , Ma Pan
Published: January 2025

McCullough and Trent generalize Beurling–Lax–Halmos invariant subspace theorem for the shift on Hardy space of the unit disk to the multi-shift on Drury–Arveson space of the unit ball by representing an invariant subspace of the multi-shift as the range of a multiplication operator that is a partial isometry. By using their method, we obtain similar representations for a class of invariant subspaces of the multi-shifts on Hardy and Bergman spaces of the unit ball or polydisk. Our results are surprisingly general and include several important classes of invariant subspaces on the unit ball or polydisk.
Product of two involutions in quaternionic special linear group
Authors: Gongopadhyay Krishnendu , Lohan Tejbir , Maity Chandan
Published: January 2025

An element of a group is called reversible if it is conjugate to its own inverse. Reversible elements are closely related to strongly reversible elements, which can be expressed as a product of two involutions. In this paper, we classify the reversible and strongly reversible elements in the quaternionic special linear group

$ \mathrm {SL}(n,\mathbb {H})$

and quaternionic projective linear group

$ \mathrm {PSL}(n,\mathbb {H})$

. We prove that an element of

$ \mathrm {SL}(n,\mathbb {H})$

(resp.

$ \mathrm {PSL}(n,\mathbb {H})$

) is reversible if and only if it is a product of two skew-involutions (resp. involutions).
The word problem for some classes of Adian inverse semigroups – II
Authors: Inam Muhammad
Published: January 2025

We introduce the notion of a subgraph generated by an

R

-word

r

of the Schützenberger graph of a positive word

w

,

S\Gamma(w)

, where

w

contains

r

as its subword. We show that the word problem for a finitely presented Adian inverse semigroup

\mathrm{Inv}\langle X|R \rangle

is decidable if the subgraphs of

S\Gamma(t)

, for all

t\in X^{+}

, generated by all the

R

-words over the presentation

\langle X|R\rangle

, are finite. As a consequence of this result, we show that the word problem is decidable for some classes of one relation Adian inverse semigroups.
Los Actos Bellos Familiares (ABF): una propuesta de Tercer Orden aplicada a través de las intervenciones con adolescentes migrantes en Cataluña (España)
Authors: Ramos-Aubia J. Xifré , Ortega-Allué Javier , Abdulhaleem-Lubbadeh Hithem
Published: January 2025

El pensamiento de Tercer Orden nos brinda la oportunidad de ensanchar nuestro marco epistemológico y ahondar más allá de las fronteras de lo que hasta hoy se han considerado abordajes clínicos. Discutimos acerca de la importancia de hacer un esfuerzo interdisciplinario para poder acompañar a los/ las adolescentes en la migración desde modelos más humanizantes y menos cosificantes dentro de los servicios de atención donde estos suelen recalar tras su llegada y durante un largo periodo. Ofrecemos fundamentos teórico-prácticos, así como apreciaciones y ejemplos, que muestran la importancia de ampliar los marcos conceptuales para integrar una mayor sensibilidad en el trabajo con los/las adolescentes en la migración.
Fotografía de protesta: el valor de la telefotografía en el activismo de los derechos cívicos
Authors: Mesías-Lema José María , Álvarez-Barrio Carla , Calviño-Santos Guillermo , Lorenzo-Otero Juan Luis
Published: January 2025

Introducción: Se analiza la difusión de la fotografía de protestas cívicas en la época de la telefotografía prestando especial atención a las imágenes sobre la defensa del derecho a la educación, la libertad de expresión, la justicia social y la protección del medioambiente. Se revisa la historia de la fotografía documental y las innovaciones en edición, difusión y archivado. El activismo y sus manifestaciones en la época de la telefotografía permiten un discurso de conciencia social que conecta con las protestas actuales. Metodología: Se analizan fotografías de agencia de un archivo privado, identificando patrones narrativos, visuales y tecnológicos siguiendo el modelo de Gillian Rose. Resultados: La fotografía de protesta en la época de la telefotografía consolida el género del fotoperiodismo documental con intención de movilización social. Discusión: La revisión de archivos fotográficos permite comprender los movimientos y luchas sociales en relación con la época en la que tienen lugar. Conclusiones: La imagen de protesta y su influencia cultural tiene un momento álgido en la época de la telefotografía y extiende su influencia hasta nuestros días. Se hace necesario seguir analizando estos archivos para identificar las funciones sociales, culturales y artísticas.
Vehicle Collision Avoidance Path Planning Based on Trajectory
Prediction
Authors: Liu Xiao Long , Zhang Lei , Li Peng Kun , Xie Ru , Wang Qing , Li Ran Ran
Published: January 2025

To address the issues of unreasonable collision avoidance path planning
algorithms and inadequate safety in high-speed scenarios, a trajectory
prediction-based collision avoidance path planning algorithm has been proposed.
First, a trajectory prediction model is constructed using the long–short-term
memory (LSTM) network, and the trajectory prediction model is trained and tested
with the HighD dataset. Second, the future trajectory of the obstacle car is
predicted, the future trajectory information of the two cars is combined to
generate the lane-changing decision, and the three-times B-spline curves are
used to generate the collision avoidance path clusters. The optimal collision
avoidance paths are generated based on the multi-objective optimization
function. Finally, build a MATLAB/CarSim simulation platform to verify the
reasonableness and safety of the planned paths by taking the three scenarios of
the continuous overtaking, preceding car pulling out, and the neighboring car
cutting in as examples. The results show that the proposed trajectory planning
algorithm is more robust, reasonable than the path planning algorithm based on
the safety distance model, effectively improving the safety of the vehicle
during high-speed driving.
Effect of Multiple Gene Copy Number of Bacterial Lipase to Increase Lipase Production in Pichia pastoris
Authors: Puspitasari Esti , Rustam Yepy Hardi , Satya Andreas Adhi , Suwanto Antonius , Wahyudi Aris Tri , Astuti Rika Indri
Published: January 2025

Bacterial lipase poses potential challenges when expressed in eukaryotic protein expression systems such as Pichia pastoris. This research aims to increase extracellular T1.2RQ lipase secretion (free lipase) with multiple gene copy number strategies in Pichia pastoris and it was first performed on lipase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2. In this study, the T1.2RQ lipase gene from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2 was expressed in Pichia pastoris GS115 through a strategy involving multiple copies of lipase, resulting in increased lipase activity. Three copies of the lipase gene in pPIC9K_T1.2RQ(3x) recombinant plasmid were integrated into the genome of Pichia pastoris GS115, and quantitative analysis using qPCR technique confirmed that the GS115 transformant strain contained six copies of T1.2RQ gene, indicating two integration events. Lipase activity measurement showed that the GS115/T1.2RQ(6x) strain exhibited a 111% increase compared to that containing a copy of the T1.2RQ gene. SDS-PAGE and Zymogram results showed a protein band with a size of 43kDa. Qualitative analysis in LA+TBN media of all strains containing the T1.2RQ gene showed clear zones. Lipase production in flask fermentation took at least 120 hours to produce the best lipase activity. Thus, strategies with multiple copy numbers of gene lipase have significantly increased the expression of the bacterial lipase gene in Pichia pastoris GS115.
Study of Morphology and Growth of Alocasia spp. from Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Daawia Daawia , Kartika Juang Gema , Krisantini Krisantini , Rahayu Megayani Sri , Asih Ni Putu Sri , Matra Deden D. , Suhartawan Bambang
Published: January 2025

Alocasia is a genus of perennial, flowering plants from Araceae, native to tropical and subtropical Asia and eastern Australia. The corms of some Alocasia species are edible, but many Alocasia species are cultivated as ornamentals. Despite the rich biodiversity of Alocasia, there have been limited studies on the morphology and anatomy of these genera. Our study aimed to describe the morphology and growth patterns of two Alocasia species found in Papua, one of the remote regions in Indonesia, A. brancifolia and A. lauterbachiana. The existence of A. lauterbachiana in Papua has never been reported before. The two Alocasia species can be distinguished by their distinct leaf shapes and colors. Alocasia brancifolia has pinnatifid leaves, while A. lauterbachiana has serrated leaves. The leaf of A. brancifolia is thin and predominantly green with faint spots, while the petioles exhibit stripes of brown and green, whereas A. lauterbachiana leaves  are thicker and have darker green and reddish color. Due to their attractive leaf shape and colors, both species have the potential to be developed as ornamental potted plants. In terms of growth, A. lauterbachiana exhibited faster growth than A. brancifolia. However, A. brancifolia demonstrated a 50% increase in multiplication over the 16-week study period, while A. lauterbachiana primarily grew taller and larger. This information could prove valuable for future studies to optimize the growth and cultivation techniques of the two Alocasia species for commercial purposes, particularly ornamental foliage plants.
Increased Anti-Proliferation Performance of NanoChitosan-Moringa Seeds Extract and Co-Treatment with Doxorubicin in Liver Cancer Cells
Authors: Susanto Hendra , Sholeh Moch , Tri Endharti Agustina , Nik Malek Nik Ahmad Nizam , Amaliyah Firdaus Sa’diyatul Rizqie , Yuda Handaya Adeodatus , Taufiq Ahmad
Published: January 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with high epidemiological report data. Pathogenesis in HCC also involves several signaling pathways. This study aims to evaluate the in vitro activity of Moringa seed NanoChitosan against Hep G2 liver cancer cells and Co-Treatment with Doxorubicin. Initially, nanoparticles were prepared by extracting Moringa seeds, formulating them into nano chitosan, and then characterizing the compounds and particle sizes. The IC50 dose was investigated using the MTT assay. Then, the IC50 dose was confirmed in more detail through immunofluorescence, betatrophin gene, several genes in the Wnt-βcatenin-CyclinD1 proliferation pathway, and the addition of the apoptotic effector Caspase-3 using RT-qPCR analysis. Each treatment used a single dose of NCH-Mosee and co-treatment or combination with 4 μg/ml doxorubicin. The IC50 dose was 994 μg/ml in single treatment and 649 μg/ml in combined treatment with Dox. Hep G2 showed a decrease in the expression level of each parameter measured with increasing single dose and combination treatment (p < 0.050). Histologically, cells shrank, betatrophin expression was inhibited, and luminescence was seen, which decreased with increasing dose. In conclusion, NCH-Mosee with dose-tracking toxicity combined with Dox can suppress the viability of Hep G2 cells.
Zakaz jarmarku na Zielone Świątki pod opactwem łysogórskim w świetle przywileju Kazimierza Jagiellończyka z 1468 roku
Authors: Bracha Krzysztof
Published: January 2025

One of the more interesting documents concerned with the history of the Łysa Góra Benedictine Abbey from Święty Krzyż in the Middle Ages, particularly the inner life of the monastery and the relations between the monastery and outer world, is the privilege granted by King Casimir IV Jagiellon of 1468, which moved the Pentecost fairs from the neighborhood of the Łysa Góra Abbey to the nearby Nowa Słupia. The paper is devoted to the analysis of that document, particularly the attempt to answer the question about the reasons for moving the fair. Previous research has not accounted for that clearly enough. Interpretations have vacillated between criticism of the obsolete pagan folklore of Pentecost celebrations, and Benedictine objection to the bothersome noise of the singing and dancing at the fair. The author is inclined to conclude that there were several reasons for moving the event, the major one being the internal reform of the monastery, a need to calm down and draw away from the abbey the distracting noise, play, dance, fights, quarrels and any other enormitates et deordinaciones incompliant with the dignity of the festival whose proprium was reconciliation and harmony, spiritual concentration, meditation, finally updating the calendar in connection with changing the name of the abbey from the Holy Trinity to the Wood of the True Cross.
Miłosierdzie w języku polskim
Authors: Wysoczański Włodzimierz
Published: January 2025

The article presents one of the significant concepts of moral categories, which is mercy. The investigations conducted on the basis of the dictionary material of Polish, of lexis and – essentially – multi-word expressions (an extensive set of units in the collected corpus) included a dimension of manifestation of mercy and its nature. Hence, the multifacetedness of mercy, the sphere of God’s mercy and the sphere of human mercy were presented. To complement the above, mercy was considered also in the lexical plane. The above scopes, presented extensively and in numerous aspects, allowed to capture the preserved linguistically shaping of the fundamental domains of the concept of mercy in the old and contemporary Polish language. At the detailing level, the conducted lexical and semantic analysis allowed for indicating numerous aspects in specific confirmations in the structure of the reconstructed system of mercy.
Krzyż serbski z 1692 roku z monasteru Rawanica w Serbii
Authors: Kruk Mirosław Piotr , Latoń Justyna , Skowron Katarzyna
Published: January 2025

W 2023 roku ofiarowany został do zbiorów Muzeum Narodowego w Krakowie krzyż ręczny, wykonany z drewna, w srebrnej oprawie, z zapisaną inskrypcją wskazującą na jego pochodzenie z monasteru Rawanica w Serbii, z roku 1692. Podobne krzyże wykonywano na Bałkanach i przede wszystkim na Górze Athos. Jest to cenny przykład tego typu zabytku, stanowiącego unikat w polskich zbiorach, a zarazem ciekawego pod względem techniki, technologii, użytych materiałów oraz zawartych w nim treści i ich modyfikacji przez użycie elementów z innego krzyża. Jest to również swoista relikwia przypominająca ufundowanie monasteru w XIV wieku przez księcia Łazarza I Hrebeljanowicia.
The Community and its Values. Contemporary Slovak Drama and Theatre in a Post-Traumatic Perspective (Preliminary Study)
Authors: Majerek Rafał
Published: January 2025

The article focuses on the key contexts and stages in the development of Slovak drama and theater after 1989, and preliminarily identifies possible areas of research in the proposed perspective, taking into account, above all, the correlation between drama and theatre and transformations in cultural models. The change of a system is understood as a traumatic experience, leading to disorganisation and destabilisation of existing patterns, requiring strategies and actions to overcome the crisis. The results of these activities – reinterpretations of the past, development of new ways of understanding community and identity, greater sensitivity – can be associated with the process of post-traumatic growth, co-created and reflected by the texts of culture, among others – dramatic and theatrical works.
Pendampingan Pendaftaran Sertifikat Halal Bagi UMKM Desa Pasirjambu Ciwidey
Authors: Fauza Annisa Sarah , Putra Fadhil Athif Ananda , Masuara Tahta Masita Dinanti , Bahi Arya Abdi Perdana , Annur Ghinia Yusri
Published: January 2025

Pentingnya sertifikasi halal bagi produk UMKM di Indonesia semakin meningkat, karena sertifikat tersebut dapat memperluas pangsa pasar dan meningkatkan kepercayaan konsumen. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan kemampuan pelaku UMKM di Desa Pasir Jambu mengenai sertifikasi halal, sebagai upaya memperluas pasar dan meningkatkan daya saing produk mereka. Permasalahan yang dihadapi adalah kurangnya pengetahuan pelaku UMKM tentang proses sertifikasi halal, yang berdampak pada terbatasnya peluang pasar. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pelatihan, pendampingan, dan pemanfaatan aplikasi Sistem Informasi Halal (SIHALAL) untuk mempermudah proses sertifikasi. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa pelaku UMKM mengalami peningkatan pengetahuan tentang sertifikasi halal, baik dari sisi prosedur maupun manfaatnya. Sebanyak 100% peserta kini memahami pentingnya sertifikat halal, dengan mayoritas menyatakan bahwa sertifikasi ini dapat memperluas pangsa pasar dan meningkatkan kepercayaan konsumen. Program ini juga berhasil membantu peserta mengakses sertifikasi halal dengan cara yang lebih mudah dan efisien melalui aplikasi SIHALAL. Kesimpulannya, program pengabdian ini memberikan dampak positif dalam meningkatkan kualitas produk UMKM di Desa Pasir Jambu dan memperkuat kesadaran hukum para pelaku usaha tentang pentingnya sertifikasi halal dalam mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi lokal.
Electronic Stamp Validity: Cyber Law Perspective on the Effectiveness of E-Stamp Usage in E-commerce Transactions
Authors: Sirait Resmaya Agnesia Mutiara , Nugraha Adhytia , Serah Yenny Aman , Marpaung Samuel
Published: January 2025

Digitalization is an era that has triggered many profound changes to all aspects of daily activities. The shift of the business world to the digital era has more or less changed the activity of buying and selling transactions from the traditional market to the digital market known as e-commerce, which is currently widely used by consumers in shopping activities. E-commerce is a technology medium widely used for buying and selling products on small and large scales. Buying and selling products or online business transactions through large-scale e-commerce requires proof of a binding agreement using digital stamps (e-stamps). This study analyzes how effective e-stamp duty is in online business transactions through e-commerce. This research is based on normative legal research using a normative juridical approach. The results of this study show that, regarding the validity of e-stamps, they have the same legal value as sticky stamps and cannot be contested. E-stamps in online business transactions through e-commerce contribute significantly to effectiveness and efficiency when viewed from cyber law. The researcher recommends further studying the effectiveness of using e-stamp duty in online business transactions (e-commerce), as reviewed by cyber law.
Against Money Laundering! Law Enforcement Against Illegal Transactions in the Capital Market
Authors: Sukamto Bambang , Mintarsih Mimin , Nurlilah Widya
Published: January 2025

The capital market is a means to accommodate and channel funds to the public and support business development which will support the growth of the economy as a whole. Money laundering often involves illegal transactions that use the capital market as a means to disguise the origin of funds derived from illegal activities. This research aims to analyse law enforcement efforts against money laundering in the capital market. The research method used is normative law and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the mode of money laundering in the capital market is still rampant because it does not recognise cross-border so it is freer so that the need for participation from various parties to fight and eradicate it. Law enforcement in combating money laundering in the capital market has not been effective because the legal apparatus still uses conventional methods in handling it. It can be concluded that there are still some challenges in combating money laundering in the capital market, such as legal loopholes and limited human resources and technology. As a recommendation, it is necessary to increase inter-agency cooperation, increase the capacity of law enforcement officials, and strengthen regulations and supervision to strengthen efforts to fight money laundering in the capital market.
Harmonization of State Receivables Management Arrangements : Perspective of Authority Theory and Hierarchy Theory of Legislative Regulations
Authors: Aritonang Syofina Dwi Putri
Published: January 2025

PP No. 28 of 2022 in its implementation creates overlapping norms with the legal provisions above, namely, with several articles in the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the Human Rights Law and the Civil Code which ultimately creates legal uncertainty. Based on the urgency of the problem, this research aims to find a solution to the conflict of norms that occurs through harmonization of statutory regulations. This research uses normative research methods with a statutory and conceptual approach. Meanwhile, the legal materials used are primary and secondary legal materials through literature study which will be analyzed using argumentative techniques. The results of this research indicate that there has been an overlap in norms from the implementation of PP No. 28 of 2022, therefore it is necessary to immediately carry out improvements to the PP by the competent authorities. However, in addition to amending the PP, the public can also play an active role by submitting a judicial review of PP No. 28 of 2022 to the Supreme Court.
Implications of ‘Polluter Pays Principle' in Criminal Liability of Business Actors for Environmental Pollution through Wastewater
Authors: Nugroho Mikael Adrian Tri , Salsabilla Tengku Marisha Alda , Saufika Tutu Sara , Manihuruk Tri Novita Sari , Yusuf DM Mohammad
Published: January 2025

The Polluter Pays Principle (PPP) underlies the liability of business actors related to environmental pollution through wastewater. The problem is how this principle is applied in enforcing the law against perpetrators who pollute the environment through industrial activities. This paper aims to analyze the implications and urgency of PPP implementation in the legal liability of business actors for environmental pollution through wastewater. The research method used is normative legal research. The results show that implementing PPP related to environmental pollution through wastewater in law enforcement has significant implications in criminal law. This principle encourages the responsibility of businesses for the waste generated from their activities, forcing them to consider the cost of restoring the environment and cleaning up the impacts caused by the waste. Although Law No. 32/2009 on Environmental Protection and Management provides a strong legal foundation, there are obstacles to implementing PPP, such as the legal process's length and the high proof level. To address this, legal reforms are needed that speed up the legal process, increase the capacity of law enforcement agencies, and establish clear guidelines for determining proportional sanctions
The Existence of Legal Protection for Female Workers Against Sexual Exploitation Mode 'Staycation'
Authors: Selvi Kurniawati  , Zahra Putri Maharani Pertiwi  , Agus Nurhadi
Published: January 2025

The term staycation as a connotation of sexual activity in a certain place has become increasingly popular in society, especially after the phenomenon of a viral case in the public. Bosses invited female workers in the company to engage in sexual activities in exchange for certain promises. Female workers are often vulnerable to sexual exploitation in the workplace. This requires legal protection to reduce risks and protect the rights of female workers. This article uses a normative juridical research method with a statutory approach based on various provisions in the TPKS Law and several relevant literatures to analyze aspects of legal protection for female workers. This study finds that the TPKS Law provides an important legal basis to protect women workers from sexual exploitation, including the provision of victims' rights to restitution, handling, recovery, and protection through the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK). This protection is important to prevent backlash from perpetrators and provide a sense of security to victims. Towards effective implementation of legal protection, socialization and education are needed in an effort to increase legal awareness in the community and reduce the incidence of sexual exploitation in the work environment.
Legal Reconstruction of Error in Persona Cases: Justice Enforcement Challenges Based on Due Process of Law Principle
Authors: Haniyah Haniyah
Published: January 2025

The case of misidentification of the perpetrators of the murder that occurred in Cirebon in 2016 involving Pegi Setiawan as a suspect reveals challenges in the investigation process and the enforcement of justice in Indonesia. This research aims to reconstruct the law regarding the phenomenon of error in persona and analyze the process of examining criminal cases related to wrongful arrest. The research method used is a normative approach with a statue approach,  a conceptual approach, and a case approach. This research involves the investigation process and case study of the murder of Vina Cirebon. The study results show that, in this case, law enforcement officials were unprofessional in identifying the perpetrator, which led to the wrong determination of the suspect. In addition, investigation procedures not by the law's provisions lead to human rights violations. These findings also show that law enforcement officials must pay more attention to the correct procedures to avoid harming innocent individuals. In conclusion, improvements in investigative mechanisms, forensic technology, and increased education and training for law enforcement are needed to prevent misidentification and fair law enforcement.
History and current status of plant genetic resources conserved and maintained by the Hungarian central genebank
Authors: Ay Zoltan , Simon Attila , Gyurkó Adrienn , Fekete Evelin , Horváth Balázs , Baktay Borbála
Published: January 2025

The predecessor of the National Centre for Biodiversity and Gene Conservation (NBGK) was established in Hungary in 1959. The 1950s were hectic times for Hungarian plant breeders, and many new genetic materials were registered in the National List of Varieties. In order to save obsolete genetic resources, in 1959 the government founded the Agrobotanical Institute at Tápiószele to prevent plant genetic erosion in the Pannonian region. The centre started its operation with 16,596 accessions. Their quantity continuously increased thanks to collecting missions and international connections. The NBGK collection is composed of cereals (37.3%), vegetables (18.7%), legumes (17.4%), industrial crops (5.29%), fruits and grapes (3.85%) and others. NBGK has operated under its current name since 2019 with the same mission as when it was first established. Today, it is the seventh largest genebank in Europe with 57,381 accessions of 1,745 plant species across 605 genera. Almost 95% of samples are maintained in the form of seeds in 15 cooled storage rooms (at temperatures of 5–8°C or -18°C), while the others are conserved in vitro, in the form of tubers or field collections. Sharing genetic materials has been a crucial part of the institute’s activities since the beginning. Between 2019 and 2023, a total of 92,100 samples were distributed to a variety of partners, mainly gardeners and farmers (83.85%) and NGOs (14.63%). Researchers, breeders and universities account for only 1.52% of seed requests, which is the opposite of what is observed in other genebanks.
PELATIHAN TILAWATIL QUR’AN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS DAN MEMPERINDAH BACAAN AL-QUR’AN PADA SANTRI TPA AL-HUDA DAN TPQ AL-AWWAL DESA PANJER KECAMATAN PLOSOKLATEN KABUPATEN KEDIRI
Authors: In’ami Uvia Uyunun Jazilil , Ridwanulloh M. Ubaidillah , Rambu Diandra Sabrina Adi , Jafair Gustom , Fadila Septia Nur , Faqih Faradila , Setiawan Setiawan , Huda Syamsul
Published: January 2025

This community service activity aimed to improve the quality and beauty of Quran recitation. The tilawah training was crucial and needed by the community of Panjer Village, Plosoklaten District, Kediri Regency, as there were no santri or children who could recite the Quran. The selection of the Qiro'at training program by KKN IAIN Kediri students was based on research conducted by the students who directly involved themselves with the community and interviewed them regarding tilawah or qiro'at. This community service activity in the form of Quran tilawatil training used the Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach. The Quran tilawatil training program was conducted at TPA Al-Huda located in Panjer Village, RT 03, RW 02 and TPQ Al-Awwal in Panjer Village, RT 03, RW 01, Plosoklaten District, Kediri Regency. The tilawah activity was conducted twice a week at each TPA and TPQ, namely on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Fridays, starting from July 22nd to August 13th. The method used in this training was the Talaqqi method, where the trainer recited the Quranic verses repeatedly, and then the students imitated them repeatedly. At the end of the tilawah or Qiro'at training, an evaluation of the training results was conducted by holding a Musabaqoh Tilawatil Quran competition. In conclusion, the impact of the tilawah training on the santri of TPA Al-Huda and TPQ Al-Awwal was that the santri were able to master tilawah or Qiro'at. In addition, they also became more confident and no longer shy when performing Quran recitation in front of a public audience.Keywords: Training; Quran Recitation; Students.