bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Larval nematodes found in amphibians from northeastern Argentina
Authors: González CE. , Hamann MI.
Published: December 2010

Five species of amphibians, Leptodactylus podicipinus, Scinax acuminatus, S. nasicus, Rhinella fernandezae and Pseudis paradoxa, were collected in Corrientes province, Argentina and searched for larval nematodes. All larval nematodes were found as cysts in the serous of the stomach of hosts. Were identified one superfamily, Seuratoidea; one genus, Spiroxys (Superfamily Gnathostomatoidea) and one family, Rhabdochonidae (Superfamily Thelazioidea). We present a description and illustrations of these taxa. These nematodes have an indirect life cycle and amphibians are infected by consuming invertebrate, the intermediate hosts. The genus Spiroxys and superfamily Seuratoidea were reported for the first time for Argentinean amphibians.
Estágio de docência, prática jurídica e distribuição da justiça
Authors: Fincato Denise Pires
Published: December 2010

O ensino jurídico em seu nascedouro: cursos de pós-graduação em direito, berçários docentes. Parte-se do pressuposto de que nas disciplinas de prática jurídica (principalmente as de campo: estágios curriculares obrigatórios) o docente deve ter maior identidade com a realidade social, já que seu objeto de ensino é o substrato social, complexo, eivado de problemas e carências. nesse sentido, verificam-se fragilidades nos estágios de docência, normalmente ocupados por disciplinas pertencentes aos demais eixos formativos. Utilizam-se na pesquisa os métodos indutivo, tipológico e de interpretação sociológica e técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfico-documentais. das reflexões, a certeza de que os programas podem formar dois tipos de docentes: acomodados ou transformadores, tudo dependendo da estratégia pedagógica (metodologia de ensino) que empregarem. A compreensão e posterior distribuição da justiça têm seu lugar de ensaio na realidade sócio-jurídica, fato pelo qual necessária é a atenção dos programas de pós-graduação ao estagio de docência em disciplinas de prática jurídica.
Popper e o processo de ensino-aprendizagem pela resolução de problemas
Authors: Rodrigues Horácio Wanderlei
Published: December 2010

O artigo propõe um método de ensino e uma estrutura curricular construídos com base na obra epistemológica de Karl Popper e também em elementos presentes no Problem Based Learning (PBL). O processo de Ensino-Aprendizagem pela Resolução de Problemas (EARP) apresentado neste trabalho está divido em método EARP e projeto pedagógico EARP. No plano do método a proposta está centrada em uma estratégia composta de quatro etapas, todas elas envolvendo o estudo de problemas, buscando a sua solução por meio de tentativas e eliminação de erros. No plano do projeto pedagógico a proposta inclui a eliminação da tradicional organização do currículo por disciplinas e apresenta uma estrutura modular por grandes temas interdisciplinares. O texto contém, para melhor visualização da proposta, uma grade hipotética e as possibilidades de organização do quadro de horários.
O ensino do direito na França
Authors: Miaille Michel , Fontainha Fernando de Castro
Published: December 2010

O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o ensino jurídico na França. Nosso olhar é guiado por uma dupla perspectiva: a distinção entre faculdades críticas e mundanas e a noção de crise, trazida da ciência política. Após brevíssima introdução histórica, demonstraremos como, nas duas metades do século XX, o ensino jurídico se desenvolveu e produziu o que chamamos de modelo clássico de ensino do direito. nosso foco, a partir dessa dupla perspectiva, aponta para uma dinâmica em que grandes transformações sociais causam significativo impacto na universidade francesa, e, em contrapartida, para como o corpo de juristas, a fim de se manter na posição dominante, consegue transmitir, através das crises, os elementos que garantem essa dominação, calcados nas especificidades da ciência jurídica. O conceito-chave para compreender esta dinâmica e que ao fim produzirá o modelo clássico é o de herança, também trazido da ciência política. Em conclusão, tentaremos confrontar essa dinâmica com as questões que o ensino jurídico francês enfrenta hoje - mormente relacionadas à perda de centralidade da disciplina -, lançando o questionamento de como essa nova crise será enfrentada pelas faculdades de direito.
Quem sou eu para discordar de um ministro do STF? O ensino do direito entre argumento de autoridade e livre debate de ideias
Authors: Silva Virgílio Afonso da , Wang Daniel Wei Liang
Published: December 2010

Este artigo tem como objetivo narrar uma experiência concreta com aulas participativas. O que se pretende é, entre outras coisas, demonstrar que nem sempre são necessárias reformulações radicais na metodologia do ensino jurídico para que resultados positivos sejam alcançados. Algumas das formas tradicionais de ensino - no caso em questão, os seminários - às vezes não produzem os efeitos desejados, por deficiências no planejamento ou por reproduzirem vícios do ensino jurídico, como: Ensino não participativo; foco no argumento de autoridade; muita exposição e pouco debate; falta de incentivo a posturas críticas etc. A reprodução desses vícios, aliada ao fato de que, nos seminários, muitas vezes o professor está ausente, parece-nos ser a causa da percepção generalizada de que aulas de seminários são uma forma menos importante de aprendizado. Nossa experiência tem demonstrado que esse cenário pode ser muito diferente, se alguns cuidados forem tomados.
Constitucionalismo e democracia: soberania e poder constituinte
Authors: Chueiri Vera Karam de , Godoy Miguel G.
Published: December 2010

Conciliar democracia e constitucionalismo é uma tarefa tão complexa quanto problemática. Eis o paradoxo: A democracia significa o povo decidindo as questões politicamente relevantes da sua comunidade, inclusive os conteúdos da constituição; e o constitucionalismo significa, por sua vez, limites à soberania popular. A constituição se autoimpõe como manifestação da soberania popular e do poder constituinte, vinculando ambos. Assim, a conjugação entre constitucionalismo e democracia remete a outra, que está na sua base, qual seja, entre soberania e poder constituinte. o artigo pretende explorar essas duas relações, a da soberania com o poder constituinte e a do constitucionalismo com a democracia, mostrando as tensões que lhe são constitutivas, sobretudo para afirmar uma concepção de democracia deliberativa defendida por carlos santiago nino e roberto gargarella.
Repensando a relação entre Estado, direito e desenvolvimento: os limites do paradigma rule of law e a relevância das alternativas institucionais
Authors: Schapiro Mario Gomes
Published: December 2010

Assumindo a primazia da abordagem institucionalista na agenda contemporânea do desenvolvimento, este artigo procurará discutir alguns de seus limites, descritivos e normativos, no que tange, em especial, ao sistema financeiro. particularmente, procurar-se-á sugerir que os programas de difusão do rule of law têm se constituído em um paradigma estreito do papel exercido pelo direito, segundo a qual cabe ao ambiente jurídico cumprir, apenas e tão somente, a função de garantidor dos interesses de investidores privados, entendidos como atores centrais de um modelo de financiamento baseado em transações de mercado. o texto sugere que o paradigma rule of law, como estratégia de promoção do desenvolvimento, tem dificuldade em lidar com a existência de alternativas institucionais de organização econômica e financeira, para além de um modelo de mercado baseado em atores atomizados e carentes de segurança jurídica. um exemplo disso, que escapa do instrumental tradicional, é o modelo brasileiro de financiamento, que, apesar de ter vivenciado inúmeras reformas institucionais, dedicadas a elevar o nível de proteção de investidores, ainda concentra em um banco de desenvolvimento - o BNDES - grande parte do financiamento de longo prazo do país. o artigo assume, portanto, que, sim, o direito e as instituições, de fato, importam para o desenvolvimento, mas há uma variedade de possibilidades e funções a serem exercidas pelos arranjos institucionais e ferramentas jurídicas - muito além do que supõem os programas de Rule of Law. uma bem sucedida organização institucional baseada em um banco de desenvolvimento é um exemplo disso.
Desigualdade de gênero: sobre garantias e responsabilidades sociais de homens e mulheres
Authors: Teixeira Daniel Viana
Published: December 2010

Aborda-se a desigualdade de gênero, situando-a no contexto problemático geral da avaliação da igualdade no seio de sociedades contemporâneas, que, embora plurais, adotam concepções éticas com certo grau de homogeneidade, influenciadas pela cultura e pelo modo de vida capitalistas. esse contexto ético sugere o âmbito das atividades produtoras de valor econômico como espaço privilegiado para a atribuição de valor social à conduta individual e a avaliação da igualdade. Propõe-se a possibilidade de ampliação desses espaços de julgamento ético, com ênfase na consideração do âmbito das atividades voltadas ao cuidado com o ambiente doméstico. essa mudança de enfoque revela que as origens profundas das desigualdades materiais entre homens e mulheres estão além da mera discriminação motivada arbitrariamente pelo gênero. Alcançam estruturas sociais pelas quais as sociedades capitalistas moldaram a atividade humana, tanto no mercado como na família. Aborda-se o papel que a ciência jurídica pode desempenhar, em uma ordem democrática, na revisão de parâmetros ético-jurídicos, atualizando o significado do valor fundamental da igualdade em vista dos anseios e das necessidades dos indivíduos.
A necessidade de proteção internacional no âmbito da migração
Authors: Jubilut Liliana Lyra , Apolinário Silvia Menicucci. O. S.
Published: December 2010

Tem-se discutido a respeito do surgimento do direito internacional da migração. Além da ausência de autonomia, é preciso ressaltar que as diferentes situações de migrações demandam diferentes proteções. Nesse sentido, o artigo aborda a diferença clássica entre migrações forçadas e voluntárias e explora o estado atual da proteção internacional existente para o caso dos migrantes trabalhadores, dos refugiados e das pessoas em condição análoga à de refugiado: os deslocados internos, os deslocados por questões ambientais e os deslocados em razão da violação de direitos econômicos, sociais e culturais e de desenvolvimento. A ausência ou insuficiência de previsão de proteção adequada no direito internacional para algumas das situações mencionadas faz que haja uma busca por refúgio em situações às quais isso não se aplica. A solução, nos dias atuais, Não está na criação de um novo ramo do direito, mas sim na aplicação das normas de direito internacional dos direitos humanos para oferecer a proteção nos casos não especificamente regulados em âmbito internacional.
The role of fire in the competitive dynamics of coast redwood forests
Authors: Ramage B. S. , O'Hara K. L. , Caldwell B. T.
Published: December 2010

Fire is a major component of the disturbance regime and a critical determinant of competitive outcomes in many ecosystems. In forests dominated by coast redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), fire was frequent and ubiquitous prior to European settlement, but fires have been exceedingly small and rare over the last 70–80 years because of aggressive fire prevention and suppression policies. As a result, many aspects of redwood fire ecology remain poorly understood. However, in 2008 a single storm ignited numerous fires throughout the redwood region, providing a rare opportunity to conduct replicated fire effects research. One year post‐fire, we investigated competitive dynamics by quantifying bole survival and basal sprouting, for redwood and associated species, at four field sites that spanned much of the latitudinal range of redwood and encompassed (1) second‐growth and old‐growth stands, (2) burned and unburned areas, and (3) a wide range of fire severities. We employed a mixed effects analytical framework and found that: (1) the probability of bole survival was greater for redwood than for its primary competitor (tanoak;Notholithocarpus densiflorus), (2) this divergence was much more pronounced at higher fire severities, and (3) tanoak exhibited a slight advantage in terms of post‐fire basal sprouting, but the dominance of tanoak basal sprouts in burned areas was reduced relative to unburned areas. For many disturbance types in many ecosystems, the empirical data necessary for effective management decisions are lacking, and studies incorporating vegetative tree regeneration are especially scarce. Our work demonstrates the importance of utilizing unique field research opportunities to test current theories, while unequivocally documenting that fires of all severities increased the abundance of redwood relative to tanoak, and that higher severity fires more strongly favored redwood.
A Comparison of Two Travel-time Tomography Schemes for Crosshole Radar Data: Eikonal-equation-based Inversion Versus Ray-based Inversion
Authors: Balkaya Çagğlayan , Akçığ Zafer , Göktürkler Gökhan
Published: December 2010

Some test studies were performed for comparison of two travel-time inversion schemes for tomographic evaluation of crosshole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data. The first scheme was a linearized inversion based on Tikhonov regularization (Method 1). In this scheme, ray tracing was not a part of the inversion algorithm and the Jacobian matrix was calculated by numerical differentiation. Travel-time calculations were performed by a finite-difference eikonal equation solver. Model velocity fields were updated by matrix inversion techniques using iterative conjugate gradient solvers. The inversion process was stabilized by a smoothness-constrained regularization. The second scheme was based on a ray tracing algorithm (Method 2) and velocities were updated by a simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique (SIRT) using both straight- and curved-ray approximations. The test studies included synthetic travel-time data sets generated from the models with various velocity distributions. Broyden’s update was implemented within Method 1 to expedite the calculation of the Jacobian matrix, and this greatly improved the computational performance. In the tests, the effect of the regularization parameter on the models from Method 1 was examined. Also, how the straight-ray and curved-ray assumptions affected the solutions from Method 2 was illustrated. The effect of the initial velocity distribution on the resulting tomograms was exemplified by the solutions from both Method 1 and Method 2. The velocity tomograms from Method 1 were characterized by smaller travel-time residuals, Euclidean distances and lower errors in the velocity of cells. Also, the convergence rates of the solutions from Method 1 were faster than those from Method 2. Method 1 better imaged the zones with the high velocity contrast than Method 2, and both methods produced similar velocity distributions within the zones with low velocity contrast. Overall, Method 1 yielded better solutions compared to Method 2, and the curved-ray inversion generated relatively better results than the straight-ray inversion.
Graft copolymerization of acrylonitrile onto delignified native bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) cellulosic and its utilization potential for heavy metal uptake from aqueous medium
Authors: Ekebafe L.O. , Ekebafe M.O. , Akpa F.O. , Erhuanga G. , Etiobhio B.W.
Published: December 2010

Graft polymerization of acrylonitrile onto delingnified cellulosic material
obtained from Nigeria grown Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) could be initiated by
ceric ammonium nitrate redox system. Optimization of grafting of
acrylonitrile onto cellulosic material was performed by varying the reaction
conditions, such as duration of soaking of cellulosic material in ceric
ammonium nitrate solution, concentration of ceric ammonium nitrate solution,
polymerization time, temperature of reaction, acrylonitrile concentration and
saponification time; to study their influence on percent grafting yield and
grafting efficiency. The resulting cellulosic-g-polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
copolymers were fractionated by extraction at 33?C with N,N? dimethyl
formamide. Fractions were characterized by determining both the % add-on and
the free polymer. Saponification of grafted copolymer was done by reaction
with sodium hydroxide followed by methanol precipitation. The absorbent
polymer so produced gave a fair water retention values. The optimum reaction
conditions obtained were: 20mmol/l ceric ammonium nitrate solution in 1%
nitric acid, soaking duration of 0.5h at 40?C for a polymerization time of 2h
and saponification time of 3h.The percent grafting is 167.89%, grafting
efficiency is 93.52% and water retention value is 389g/g. The grafting was
confirmed using FTIR. Sorption of different metal ions in the mixture e.g.
Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Pb by grafted cellulosic and the hydrogel was also
investigated. Hydrolysis increases the sorption affinity of grafted cellulose
toward water and metal ions.
Review of the advisory role of the international court of justice
Authors: Ganic Senad
Published: December 2010

This paper presents a brief review and analysis of advisory proceedings
before the International Court of Justice as well as an explanation of the
nature and importance of advisory opinions as specific decisions of the
International Court of Justice. The intention was to make the public more
familiar with the nature of these proceedings drawing attention of the
professional public to some specific elements that characterize advisory
procedures, which in a sense make them closer to the proceedings in resolving
disputes between states. Although not binding by their nature as are
decisions of the Court, advisory opinions have, however, some weight and
importance that primarily stem from the importance and authority of the body
that provides them. A non-binding effect of advisory opinions is just a
starting point in explaining them. Actually, it is the fact that opinions
have a great authority and this requires some further explanations.
Multilateral trading system and regional economic integrations
Authors: Savic Biljana
Published: December 2010

Development in recent years suggets that Regional Trade Agreements have
become a very prominent feature of the Multilateral Trading System and an
important trade policy instrument for WTO Members. Regional agreements can
play an important role in promoting trade and in fostering economic
development by increasing trade and FDI flows, and by integrating developing
countries into the world economy. However, the proliferation of regional
agreements and the development of complex network of preferential trade
relations known as the ?spaghetti bowl? phenomenon leads to trade diversion
which reduce economic efficiency. There is the need to multilateralize
regionalism. WTO rules could and should be modified to ensure that regional
agreements are designed and implemented so to complement the multilateral
process and not to undermine it. A step forward in that direction would be a
developing a WTO Action Plan on Regionalism.
Influence of nanocrystalline structure and composition on hardness of thin films based on TiO2
Authors: Kaczmarek Danuta , Wojcieszak Damian , Domaradzki Jaroslaw , Prociow Eugeniusz , Placido Frank , Lapp Steffen , Dylewicz Rafal
Published: December 2010

In this work, the influence of Tb-doping on structure, and especially hardness of nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films, has been described. Thin films were formed by a high-energy reactive magnetron sputtering process in a pure oxygen atmosphere. Undoped TiO2-matrix and TiO2:Tb (2 at. % and 2.6 at. %) thin films, had rutile structure with crystallite sizes below 10 nm. The high-energy process produces nanocrystalline, homogenous films with a dense and close packed structure, that were confirmed by X-ray diffraction patterns and micrographs from a scanning electron microscope. Investigation of thin film hardness was performed with the aid of a nanoindentation technique. Results of measurements have shown that the hardness of all manufactured nanocrystalline films is above 10 GPa. In the case of undoped TiO2 matrix, the highest hardness value was obtained (14.3 GPa), while doping with terbium results in hardness decreasing down to 12.7 GPa and 10.8 GPa for TiO2:(2 at. % Tb) and TiO2:(2.6 at. % Tb) thin films, respectively. Incorporation of terbium into TiO2-matrix also allows modification of the elastic properties of the films.
The effect of a leukodepletion model on the activation stage of platelets
Authors: Vucic Miodrag , Tijanic Ivan , Govedarevic Nenad , Macukanovic Lana , Pavlovic Zoran
Published: December 2010

The preparation of thrombocyte concentrates with filtration before storage (in-line) makes it possible to avoid the presence of mononuclear cells in the concentrate and proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, this filtration may result with decreased activation of trombocyte receptors in vitro, which may improve therapeutic efficiancy. Methods. We compared two groups, each with 30 therapeutic doses of concentrated thrombocytes. We prepared the first group using the classic model from the buffy coat and the other with concentrated thrombocyte samples filtrated during sampling, so-called in-line, with the WBC filter Imuflex (Terumo). Mononuclear cells (MNC), thrombocyte, and erythrocyte counts in the units of concentrated thrombocytes were obtained on an automatic cell counter, and we used flow cytometry to measure the expression of surface thrombocyte receptors. The results demonstrated that the trombocytes prepared with pre-storage filtration contained a very low level of mononuclear cells and markedly reduced trombocyte receptors. Conclusion. The number of MNC and expression of surface thrombocyte receptors were markedly lower in the concentrated thrombocyte units prepared with in-line filtration. The thrombocytes prepared in this way contain fewer mononuclear cells, are of higher quality, are more functional, and may produce a better therapeutic effect in vivo.
Prognosis of thyroid function after hemithyroidectomy
Authors: Beiša V. , Kazanavičius D. , Skrebūnas A. , Simutis G. , Šileikis A. , Strupas K.
Published: December 2010

Identify criteria and create a risk scoring system to predict hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy. We have retrospectively studied 216 cases of patients with goiter who had undergone hemithyroidectomy from January 2002 to December 2007 at Vilnius University Hospital Santariškių Klinikos. Patients were divided into two groups according to their thyroid function after hemithyroidectomy: 168 (77.8%) patients’ thyroid function was normal (group A), 48 (22.2%) patients had symptoms of hypothyroidism (group B). The relationship between groups and parameters such as patients’ sex, age, patient’s weight, preoperative serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level, weight of the remnant gland, ratio of the remaining thyroid gland weight to patient’s weight was statistically analysed. The patients’ mean age was 41.6 ± 14.1 years in group A and 52.9 ± 13.9 years in group B (p=0.0002). The mean preoperative TSH level was 0.79 ± 0.5 mU/L in group A, compared with 1.42 ± 1.00 mU/L in group B (p= 0.005). The mean ratio of the remaining thyroid gland weight to patient’s weight was 0.102 ± 0.053 g/kg in group A and 0.063 ± 0.027 g/kg in group B (p=0.04). The groups did not establish a significant difference between patients’ sex, patient’s weight or weight of the remaining gland. Patient’s age, preoperative serum TSH level, ratio of the remaining thyroid gland weight to patient’s weight is the main factors of hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy. A risk scoring system was created to predict hypothyroidism after hemithyroidectomy before the operation.
Discrete eyelid swelling caused by live subconjunctival Dirofilaria repens
Authors: Jaksic Vesna , Mitic Nebojsa , Pavlovic Ivan , Vitosevic Zdravko , Mirkovic Milos , Zoric Lepsa , Stamenkovic Divna , Vuksa Dubravka , Đokić Olivera
Published: December 2010

We present a case concerning a 48 year-old man, who had complaints about ocular pains and an unpleasant feeling, which had started two days before admission. It was as if there was “something moving in his left eye.” The examination showed an extremely motile white worm, which was wrapped in concentric circles around the limb in the subconjunctival space of the patient’s left eye. It was identified as the adult female form of Dirofilaria repens. The patient had a normal clinical finding, except eosinophilia. Ocular filariasis is as a possibility to think about, even when the cases are not in a typically endemic area and with no specific subjective complains.
Enhancing the production of gamma-linolenic acid in Hansenula polymorpha by fed-batch fermentation using response surface methodology
Authors: Khongto Bhimabol , Laoteng Kobkul , Tongta Anan
Published: December 2010

Gamma-linolenic acid (GLA, C18:3Δ6,9,12) is an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) that has been used for the alleviation and treatment of a number of symptoms and diseases. Increasing GLA demand has led to a search for alternative producers and potential strategies for GLA production. Based on the successful performance of Hansenula polymorpha, a methylotrophic yeast, as a “cell factory” for the production of valuable bioproducts, a bioprocess development approach was implemented for GLA production in the recombinant yeast carrying the mutated Δ6-desaturase gene of Mucor rouxii. Using a substrate-feeding strategy under glycerol-limited conditions, the physical-chemical variables during the fed-batch fermentation of the recombinant H. polymorpha were optimised for GLA production through response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design. The medium composition, including yeast extract and trace elements, and dissolved oxygen tension (DOT) were targeted. We found that DOT was the most effective variable for enhancing GLA yield. These results also suggest that the optimum conditions for GLA production are 28 % saturation of DOT, 1 g L−1 of yeast extract and 3.6 mL L−1 of the Pichia trace metals 1 (PTM1).
Managing early leaf spot and stem rot with reduced fungicide inputs on disease-resistant peanut cultivars
Authors: Hagan A. K. , Campbell H. L. , Bowen K. L. , Wells L. , Goodman R.
Published: December 2010

Fungicide inputs are a costly but critical component of peanut production systems in the southeast U.S. Current strategies for reducing fungicide application numbers that are needed to control diseases on peanut include extending application intervals beyond a 2-wk schedule or implementation of a fungicide advisory, such as AU-Pnuts. In this study, fungicide programs with azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, and tebuconazole, using different application schedules, were compared for the control of early leaf spot and stem rot. Application schedules were the standard 2-wk calendar interval, extended 3- and 4-wk intervals, and applications were made according to the AU-Pnuts leaf spot advisory. Studies were conducted on the disease resistant cultivars DP-1 in 2003 and C-99R in 2004 and 2005. The numbers of fungicide applications for the 2, 3, and 4-wk schedules were 7, 5, and 4, respectively, in 2003 and 2004, and were 6, 5, and 4, respectively, in 2005. One less fungicide application was scheduled according to AU-Pnuts than with the 2-wk calendar schedule in all three years, yet final early leaf spot levels with these schedules were similar in 2 of 3 years. With one fewer fungicide application, the 3-wk schedule had higher leaf spot levels than the AU-Pnuts advisory in 2003 and 2004. Further, when application intervals were extended from 2 wk to 3 or 4-wk intervals, a significant increase in early leaf spot was noted in two of three years. Despite these differences in early leaf spot severity, application schedule had limited impact on yield in this study. Application interval also had little impact on stem rot incidence, but incidence of this disease was lower with the azoxystrobin than chlorothalonil programs in 2 of 3 years. The azoxystrobin program significantly increased yield in 2 of 3 years compared with the chlorothalonil or tebuconazole programs. Yield was also higher for the tebuconazole compared with chlorothalonil programs in 2 of 3 years. When fungicide product and application costs were calculated, and those and other typical peanut production costs were deducted from estimated returns based on actual yields, the resulting net returns did not significantly differ among fungicide programs or application schedules.
Formulation of Pasta Noodles Made with Peanut Flour
Authors: Howard Brandy M. , Hung Yen-Con
Published: December 2010

Peanut pasta was created by replacing a portion of the durum wheat flour with peanut flour in a basic pasta formulation. Pasta noodles were made using cold extrusion and forced-air oven drying. An improved formulation and approximate ranges for ingredients were determined through a series of functionality tests.

Appropriate water percentage in the dough was found to be 40% for good handling characteristics. A hydrocolloid stabilizer, λ-carrageenan, was useful at levels between 1.5 and 2.9% to enhance dough binding properties and allow the use of peanut flour in greater proportions. The maximum acceptable level for peanut flour replacing durum wheat flour was found to be 50%. Drying pasta to 8% moisture at different temperatures allowed direct comparison of drying temperature effect. Mechanical properties of dried peanut pasta improved with increasing levels of λ-carrageenan in the formula. Peanut pasta containing λ-carrageenan between 2.5 and 2.9% produced the best tensile strength. Pasta color lightness decreased with increasing drying temperature, as well as with increasing levels of peanut flour. An informal sensory evaluation of these products suggested that peanut pasta might be acceptable to consumers and has potential in health food and Asian food markets.
Determination of the Relative Maturity Range for the ‘Georgia-02C’ Peanut Cultivar
Authors: Branch W. D. , Bostick J. P. , Williams E. J. , Beasley J. P.
Published: December 2010

Six digging dates [127, 134, 141, 148, 155, and 162 days after planting (DAP)] were utilized to determine the relative maturity range for the ‘Georgia-02C’ runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. subsp. hypogaea var. hypogaea) cultivar. At the Alabama Wiregrass Research and Extension Center in 2005 and at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009, the Georgia-02C cultivar was planted in mid-May each year. Recommended cultural practices with irrigation were used throughout the growing season. Results from these six digging dates on the Georgia-02C cultivar showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) difference across the six digging dates for pod yield and dollar values. The highest yields and highest dollar value returns per hectare were found most consistently at 141–155 DAP during this 5-yr (2005–09) study. The most mature pod profile percentages were found at the 148–162 DAP; whereas, the roasted peanutty flavor was found to have very little differences between the six digging dates. These data would suggest that Georgia-02C has a wide maturity range or harvest window which would allow for more flexibility at digging time.
Physiological Effects of Late Season Glyphosate Applications on Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Seed Development and Germination
Authors: Grey T. L. , Prostko E. P.
Published: December 2010

Field studies were conducted to determine runner type peanut response to glyphosate at 80, 160, 240, 320, and 470 g ae/ha applied 75, 90, and 105 days after planting (DAP) at Plains and Ty Ty Georgia in 2006 and 2007. Data collected included seed kernel mass, peanut pod yield, and seed germination. The two-way interaction between DAP and glyphosate rate was not observed for any variable. Data indicated that glyphosate applied at 75 DAP reduced peanut seed mass to 643 mg/kernel, which was less than the 90 or 105 DAP application masses of 669 and 665 mg/kernel, respectively. This could be attributed to the timing of that application when peanut was in the beginning of pod fill or R3 growth stage of development. Peanut physiological response to glyphosate was reflected in peanut seed mass. As glyphosate dose increased, peanut seed mass decreased. Seed masses following glyphosate at 80, 160, 240, 320, or 470 g/ha were 669, 674, 662, 645, and 625 mg/kernel, respectively, as compared to 678 mg/kernel for the nontreated control. When glyphosate was applied at 80 or 160 g/ha, peanut pod yield was similar to the nontreated control. At glyphosate rates of 240, 320, and 470 g/ha, peanut pod yield was reduced to 88, 76, and 64% of the nontreated control. Peanut pod yield was reflective of the reductions in seed mass with increasing glyphosate rate which reduced yield. Seed germination was 96% and greater, which indicated that glyphosate applied at any rate or timing did not affect viability compared to the nontreated control.
Soil Type and Wetness Affect Tint of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Pod Shell
Authors: Ginzberg I. , Tubi A. , Buchshtab O. , Wininger S. , Ben-Dor B. , Fogelman E. , Kapulnik Y.
Published: December 2010

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a globally important legume crop that is utilized fresh, roasted, or pressed for oil products. A substantial market exists for in-shell peanuts, and shell color is an important factor affecting price — consumers favor bright yellow. Field observations have indicated that the type of soil in which the peanut pods develop can affect shell color and tint. Field and greenhouse experiments in which plants were grown in sandy soil while pods were allowed to develop in various tested soils verified this primary observation: sandy soils resulted in bright-yellow shells, dark soils (such as peat) resulted in a darker shell color, while loess soils resulted in intermediate shell colors. Incubation of peanut pods in saturated soil solutions or filtered soil extracts inferred the existence of two opposing processes that may affect shell color: adherence of water-soluble soil components to the shell surface, and the washing-off of shell material from this surface. Overhead irrigation with a reduced amount of water or watering with a subsurface drip system concealed at a depth of 25 cm resulted in brighter shell colors than applying the normal amount of water by overhead irrigation. These data suggest that reducing soil wetness in the pod-development zone may increase shell brightness. Field experiments also indicating that final shell color is determined towards the end of pod development, suggesting that soil wetness in the pod-development zone should be controlled during at least the last 4 weeks of growth, to maintain a low level of wetness.
Uses of the Past; Nordic Historical Cultures in a Comparative Perspective
Authors: Aronsson Peter
Published: December 2010

No abstract available.
Acceptance and Conformity: Merging Modernity with Nationalism in the Stockholm Exhibition in 1930
Authors: Marklund Carl , Stadius Peter
Published: December 2010

This article takes a closer look at how interwar supporters of modernism sought to overcome the opposition they had to face. It does so by looking at the usage of history and Swedishness at the Stockholm Exhibition in 1930 and contrasting this experience with a brief excursus on the image of progress and Americanism as presented at the A Century of Progress International Exposition, held in Chicago in 1933–1934. The backers of both these exhibitions – functionalist architects and progressive businessmen, respectively – consciously sought to find ways in which to savor the propagandistic value of this “the shock of the new” while retaining a reassuring continuity between well-known and widespread self-identifications with “the idyll of the past.” They did so by forging “national” forms of modernity, attempting to bypass the political conflicts and ideological polarizations which characterized the interwar years. As such, it is argued, they also exemplify how the logic of the exhibition could be used for harnessing technology, science, and funkis (functionalism) as tools for re-identifying the nation with modernity and simultaneously de-politicizing modernism.
Swedish Military Bases of the Cold War: The Making of a New Cultural Heritage
Authors: Strömberg Per
Published: December 2010

The fall of the Berlin Wall and the dissolution of the Soviet Union completely transformed the military-political situation in the Nordic countries. The movement from invasion defence to input defence in Sweden has made many of the subterranean modern fortresses and permanent defence systems of the Cold War unnecessary. The current problem is what the administration authorities will do with the superfluous military buildings: let them fall into decay, preserve or reuse them – and for what purpose?

The aim of this article is to describe and analyze the cultural as well as spatial foundation of a new genre of heritage industry in Sweden – the cultural heritage of the Cold War – whose value is negotiated through a range of processes by the different stakeholders involved – emotional, social and cultural processes as well as legal and economic processes. The subterranean fortresses of Hemsö and Aspö are used as empirical case studies in the article. They both describe the making of a cultural heritage and illustrate the problems related to the ambitions of converting cultural heritage into tourist attractions.

One of the conclusions is that the previous making of the industrial cultural heritage in the 1980s and 1990s has many things in common with the one of the Cold War. The “post-military” landscape of bunkers and rusting barbed wires is regarded with the same romanticism and with similar preservation ideologies and economic interests as the post-industrial landscape was earlier. Similar negotiation issues appear, and these negotiations are carried out by similar stakeholders. The difference is that the military culture heritage of the Cold War was developed through a deeply centralized selection process directed by administration authorities, but was also influenced by certain persuasion campaigns and preservation actions made by local stakeholders such as retired officers and municipality administrations.
Soviet Lithuanians, Amber and the "New Balts": Historical Narratives of National and Regional Identities in Lithuanian Museums, 1940–2009
Authors: Rindzevičiute Egle
Published: December 2010

In the twentieth century Lithuania emerged from the crumbling Russian Empire as a post-colonial nationalising state. Its short-lived independence (1918–1940) featured attempts to assemble the material foundations for an imagined community of Lithuanians, however in 1940 this nationalist project was disrupted by Soviet occupation. However, this article argues that regardless of the measures taken against political nationalism by the Soviets, the material work of assembling the Lithuanians as a historical and ethnic nation was not abandoned. The study analyses the ways in which Northern and Baltic categories were used to regionally situate the ethnic identification of the Lithuanian population in Soviet and post-Soviet Lithuanian museums. The cases of the Historical-Ethnographic Museum and the Museum of Amber reveal that Northern and Baltic dimensions had to be reconciled with the Soviet version of the Lithuanian past. The resulting assemblage of Lithuania as a synchronic and diachronic community of inhabitants who defined themselves through shared Baltic ancestors and centuries-old uses of amber was transmitted to the post-Soviet museums. The most salient post-Soviet changes were, first, the rewriting of the relations between Lithuanians and the Nordic countries in positive terms and in this way reversing the Soviet narrative of Lithuania as a victim of aggression from the North. Second, the Soviet construction of amber as a material mediator which enabled Lithuanians to connect with each other as a synchronic and diachronic imagined community was somewhat pushed aside in favour of the understanding of amber as a medium of social and cultural distinction for the ancient Balts and contemporary Lithuanian elites.
Captives of Narrative: Scandinavian Museum Exhibits and Polar Ambitions
Authors: Houltz Anders
Published: December 2010

This article compares the histories of two museums of polar exploration, both founded in the 1930s but based on well-known expeditions dating back to the decades around 1900. The first is the Fram Museum in Oslo, centered around the famous Norwegian polar ship, the second is the Andrée Museum in Gränna, combining accounts of the ill-fated balloon expedition with a polar centre reflecting more recent polar research activities.

The aim of the article is to analyze the relationship between museum and narrative. Museums are shapers of narrative but at the same time shaped by the narratives they relate. The article explores the symbolic and medialized dimensions of polar research, expressed in museums, as well as the way in which museums interrelate with national identities and self-images.

What does it mean to be a modern polar nation? And how is such an identity expressed in cultural terms? In which ways can museum institutions and exhibitions be used as means for such expressions? And how do “the grand narratives” of Sweden and Norway relate to the epic representations of polar activities, presented by the museums?
Using Different Pasts in a Similar Way: Museum Representations of National History in Norway and China
Authors: Varutti Marzia
Published: December 2010

This article explores how national histories are constructed in the museums of Norway. It does so through a comparative perspective, whereby museum displays of national past in Norway are being compared to museum displays of national past in the People’s Republic of China. This will involve comparing narratives, museological approaches, rationale and purposes of museum displays in the two countries. Fieldwork research in museums in Norway and China suggests that if national pasts are obviously unique to the historical trajectories of each country, their museum renditions are structured in an intriguingly similar way. Museum displays of national pasts in Norway develop around a set of themes including myths of ancestry and descent; epics of resistance leading the embryonic nation through a dark era and towards a “Golden Age”; a core of moral and aesthetic values; notions of national modernity; and selective amnesia. I will show how similar topics can be found in museum displays of the past in Chinese museums. The comparative perspective of the analysis enables me to assess the uniqueness of museum representations of the past in Norway and at the same time to explore analogies in the museum construction of national narratives beyond the European context, through the case study of China. This will lead me to put forward the hypothesis of the coagulation, at international level, of a canon for the museum representation of national history.
Whose Raoul Wallenberg is it?: The Man and the Myth: Between Memory, History and Popularity
Authors: Schult Tanja
Published: December 2010

Raoul Wallenberg is widely remembered for his humanitarian activity on behalf of the Hungarian Jews in Budapest at the end of World War II, and is known as the Swedish diplomat who disappeared into the Soviet Gulag in 1945. While he successfully combated Nazi racial extermination politics, he fell victim to Stalinist communism – yet another barbaric, totalitarian regime of the 20th century.

Given Wallenberg’s biography, his mission and his unresolved fate it is no wonder that Wallenberg became a figure of mythic dimensions. It is the mixture of heroics and victimhood, as well as the seemingly endless potential of possible adaptations that secures this historic figure and his mythic after-narratives its longevity. While it is without doubt the man behind the myth who deserves credit – first the man’s realness gives the myth credibility – it is the myth that secures the man’s popularity. The man and his myth depend on each other.

In this article, I will give an overview of how Wallenberg was perceived and described by survivors, in popular scholarly literature, how he has been researched by historians, and how he has been presented in different media. It will become apparent that the narrators have sought to satisfy different needs, e.g. psychological, political, and commercial ones. The narrators’ intention and attitude towards the historic person and the myth which surrounds him is of primary importance. I will show how different approaches to, and uses of, the myth exist side by side and nourish one another. And yet they can all simultaneously claim existence in their own right. By providing examples from different times and places, I like to illustrate that the popular images of Wallenberg are far less one-sided, stereotypical and homogeneous than they are often portrayed and hope to draw attention to the great potential that the Wallenberg narrative has today, as his 100th anniversary approaches in 2012.
Half the Right People: Network Density and Creativity
Authors: Giuffre Katherine
Published: December 2010

Social scientists investigating the attributes associated with creativity have for the most part confined their research to the study only of creative people. This research attempts to compare creativity with non-creativity by comparing creative with non-creative periods in the lives of three famously isolated creators (Emily Dickinson, Paul Gauguin, and Charlotte Brontë) to argue that the social networks of the individuals are different during creative periods than during non-creative periods. By using the correspondence of each of the artists to construct social networks, it is possible to analyze the artist’s relationships with regard to density and betweenness and to compare those across creative and non-creative time periods. The average network density of the first order zone network around each of the artists was 0.475 during periods of creativity. There was no correlation with a particular betweenness score.
Is there still a place for social emancipation in public policies?
Authors: Fragoso António
Published: December 2010

The consolidation of the welfare state in Europe after World War II allowed for the development of adult education programmes aimed at social inclusion, economic growth and democratic citizenship. Lifelong education, proposed by UNESCO (1970s), allowed countries to build adult education policies combining the needs of economic growth and increasing democratic social demands, based on adults' emancipation. In the last two decades, the European Union (EU) orientation for lifelong learning has stressed the formation of education and training to prepare workers to be more productive, and the creation of partnership (public/private) provision, according to managerial rules and procedures. These two distinct political approaches have influenced the evolution of adult education in Portugal. In this paper we argue that the civil society organisations (CSOs) of Portugal today are trapped within a set of technical procedures that have been established in the name of lifelong learning and that EU programmes have made it very difficult for CSOs to escape national state control. This situation impedes innovative and alternative attempts to promote social emancipation.