bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associate Psychological Practitioners (APPs) in primary care: modelling the impact
Authors: Lord Fiona , Budd Miranda , Gardner Kathryn Jane , Bhutani Gita , Nixon Debbie
Published: January 2025

Background:

The ‘Associate Psychological Practitioner’ (APP) is an innovative new role that expands the psychological workforce and addresses the rising demand for mental health services in England, yet the impact of this role on NHS workforce capacity has yet to be modelled.

Aim:

We modelled the impact of the APP role in Primary Care in terms of additional capacity to provide mental health care and the impact on General Practitioner (GP) capacity within the sector.

Method:

Workforce experts of the NHS Workforce Repository and Planning Tool (WRaPT) team used a modelling tool to determine future state scenarios of APPs working across all Primary Care Networks (PCNs) within a region and the associated change on the baseline workforce. Modelling was based on Lancashire and South Cumbria, a large geographical area in North-West England that includes 41 PCNs. Assumptions used in the modelling included identifying the patient population and workforce in scope, documenting the activity undertaken by APPs, and considering the future state scenarios for modelling.

Findings:

With regard to generating additional capacity, having 1 APP in each of the 41 PCNs in Lancashire and South Cumbria could provide 53 000 brief intervention appointments of 45 min each, thereby diverting these appointments away from the GP, and up to 48 people could benefit from attending Group and Well-being sessions over a year with 1 APP working with another Primary Care colleague, that is, 384 group intervention sessions delivered. In relation to GP capacity, 1 APP (if placed across a PCN, or within multiple practices) could free up at least 1,665 GP appointments within one year, which could lead to potential cost savings. These findings can be used to underpin decision-making with respect to training future cohorts of APPs and contribute to wider workforce planning in primary care.
Interspecific and intraspecific differences in seed germination response to different temperatures of three Echinochloa rice weeds: A case study with 327 populations
Authors: Chen Yang , Masoom Aatiqa , Huang Zeyue , Xue Jiahao , Chen Guoqi
Published: January 2025

Echinochloa crus-galli var. crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. (EC), Echinochloa crus-galli var. mitis (Pursh) Petermann (ECM), and Echinochloa glabrescens Munro ex Hook. f. (EG) are all serious rice (Oryza sativa L.) weeds, which are usually treated as a single species in weed management practices. To determine interspecific and intraspecific differences in seed germination responding to different temperatures among the three Echinochloa weeds, we conducted field surveys and collected 66 EC, 141 ECM, and 120 EG populations from rice fields of East China in 2022; and tested their seed germination under 28/15C (day/night), 30/20C, and 35/25C regimes, simulating temperatures of rice planting periods for double-cropping early rice, single-cropping rice, and double-cropping late rice, respectively. In EC, ECM, and EG, seed percentage germination (cumulative percent of germinated seed) and germination index (sum of the ratio of germinated seeds to the corresponding days) increased with increasing temperatures. At 28/15C, the average percentage germination of EC populations (67.5%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than ECM (46.4%) and EG (43.7%); GD50 (duration for 50% total germination) for EC populations (5.2 d) was significantly shorter than ECM (5.9 d) and EG (5.8 d). At 35/25C, the percentage germination of EC (90.7%), ECM (80.5%), and EG (80.3%) were all significantly the highest among the three temperature treatments, respectively, and the GD50 values for EC (2.5 d), ECM (2.6 d), and EG (2.7 d) were all significantly the lowest. At 30/20C and 35/25C, average germination percentage of populations collected from transplanted rice fields were significantly higher than that of populations collected from direct-seeded rice fields. Moreover, among EG populations, the longitudes and latitudes of collection locations were significantly correlated with seed percentage germination and germination indices. According to the interspecific differences and intraspecific variations of Echinochloa species, weed management strategies should also be customized according to the species and population characteristics in seed germination.
False Memories of Familiar Faces
Authors: Cash Daniella K. , Papesh Megan H. , Harrison Alan T.
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Prior familiarity has been shown to increase memory for faces, but different effects emerge depending on whether the face is experimentally or pre-experimentally familiar to the observer. Across two experiments, we compared the effect of experimental and pre-experimental familiarity on recognition and source memory. Pre-experimentally familiar faces were nameable US celebrities, and unfamiliar faces were unnamable European celebrities. Within both sets, faces could be made experimentally familiar via repetition during the learning phase (studied once or thrice). At test, all studied identities were represented by novel (i.e., not studied) photos, allowing us to test memory for the identity rather than the picture. In Experiment 1, repeated presentations of both face types increased recognition rates, but accuracy was generally higher for pre-experimentally familiar faces. Experiment 2 expanded on these findings by pairing the faces with background locations and manipulating associative strength of the face-location pairs. Although pre-experimentally familiar faces were again recognized more often, they were also more likely to be falsely labeled as “old” when paired with new background locations. These results have implications for basic and applied studies examining familiar versus unfamiliar face recognition.
Slowing Convergence Controls on Orogeny: A Three‐Stage Evolution of the Cenozoic India‐Asia Collision
Authors: Knight Ben S. , Capitanio Fabio A. , Weinberg Roberto F. , Dal Zilio Luca
Published: January 2025

The Cenozoic India‐Asia convergence represents the most well‐documented case of long‐lived orogeny, characterized by slowing plate convergence and complex deformation across the collisional margin, from crustal burial, exhumation and thrusting in the Himalaya, to thickening of southern Tibet. Here, we use a thermo‐mechanical computational model to show the controls of decelerating convergence on the lithospheric and orogenic structures during prolonged collision. Constant convergence velocity models, bracketing the India‐Asia convergence velocity, illustrate two rheological end‐members, a fast‐convergence orogeny dominated by lithospheric underthrusting and crustal burial and exhumation, and a slow convergence orogeny dominated by fold‐and‐thrusting and no lithospheric underthrusting. In contrast, models simulating the decelerating India‐Asia convergence history show a unique evolutionary path. The initial structures formed at fast convergence are subsequently destabilized as convergence decreases below ∼5 cm yr−1, and the structural style transitions from crustal burial and exhumation, and thickening to outwards compression along a frontal fold‐and‐thrust belt, progressively underthrusted by the subducting lithosphere. As the convergence decreases below ∼3 cm yr−1, the reduced compression cannot sustain the plateau height and crustal thickness, inducing collapse of the orogen interiors and the diapiric ascent of buried crust. These models show a three‐stage orogeny: fast thickening with crustal exhumation, widening along a frontal and fold‐and‐thrust belt, and internal collapse and extension. Similar to structuring of the Himalaya‐southern Tibet, with the early rise of the southern Tibetan Plateau to the Himalayan crystallines formation, to the later thrust belt expansion and internal doming, reconcile with the three‐stages orogeny, emphasizing the role of slowing convergence on orogenies.
A Fully Coupled Numerical Solution of Water, Vapor, Heat, and Water Stable Isotope Transport in Soil
Authors: Fu Han , Neil Eric John , Li Huijie , Si Bingcheng
Published: January 2025

Modeling water stable isotope transport in soil is crucial to sharpen our understanding of water cycles in terrestrial ecosystems. Although several models for soil water isotope transport have been developed, many rely on a semi‐coupled numerical approach, solving isotope transport only after obtaining solutions from water and heat transport equations. However, this approach may increase instability and errors of model. Here, we developed an algorithm that solves one‐dimensional water, heat, and isotope transport equations with a fully coupled method (MOIST). Our results showed that MOIST is more stable under various spatial and temporal discretization than semi‐coupled method and has good agreement with semi‐analytical solutions of isotope transport. We also validated MOIST with long‐term measurements from a lysimeter study under three scenarios with soil hydraulic parameters calibrated by HYDRUS‐1D in the first two scenarios and by MOIST in the last scenario. In scenario 1, MOIST showed an overall NSE, KGE, and MAE of simulated δ18O of 0.47, 0.58, and 0.92‰, respectively, compared to the 0.31, 0.60, and 1.00‰ from HYDRUS‐1D; In scenario 2, these indices of MOIST were 0.33, 0.52, and 1.04‰, respectively, compared to the 0.19, 0.58, and 1.15‰ from HYDRUS‐1D; In scenario 3, calibrated MOIST exhibited the highest NSE (0.48) and KGE (0.76), the smallest MAE (0.90) among all scenarios. These findings indicate MOIST has better performance in simulating water flow and isotope transport in simplified ecosystems than HYDRUS‐1D, suggesting the great potential of MOIST in furthering our understandings of ecohydrological processes in terrestrial ecosystems.
A Half‐Order Derivative Based Model of Lake Heat Storage Change
Authors: Liu Yuanbo , Tang Liangjun , Xing Wanqiu , Wang Jingfeng , Wang Ruonan , Cui Yifan , Li Qi
Published: January 2025

Heat storage change (HSC) is a crucial component of lake's thermal energy budget. Conventional temperature profile based models of HSC require location specific parameters such as lakebed topography. Based on the half‐order time‐derivative formula of heat fluxes, an analytical model was formulated for estimating HSC from water surface temperature and solar radiation without using geography dependent parameters. The proposed model was tested against field measurements at Poyang Lake, a shallow inland lake, which has pronounced seasonal variations in water level and lake area. Our analysis indicates that the model accurately simulates diurnal HSC with a coefficient of determination of 0.94 and a root mean squared error (RMSE) of 77.5 ± 21.6 Wm−2 for the study period. Larger nighttime RMSE (75.0 ± 26.8 Wm−2) than the daytime value (55.1 ± 19.7 W m−2) is attributable to larger measurement errors of nighttime turbulent fluxes. The estimation of HSC independent of temperature profile and lake‐specific parameters by the proposed model facilitates remote sensing monitoring the HSC of global water bodies.
Warm Seawater Encroaches on Major Antarctic Ice Shelf
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: January 2025

In unprecedented detail, new research illuminates the seasonal flow of warm water toward the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf.
Darker, Less Cloudy Earth Contributed to Record Heat
Authors: Scharping Nathaniel
Published: January 2025

Decreases to our planet’s albedo caused by fewer low-lying clouds helped push temperatures to historic highs in 2023, according to new research.
Comparing acute versus AIDS ART initiation on HIV-1 integration sites and clonal expansion
Authors: Wang Jun , Xiao Nan , Zhu Zhengnong , Qiao Haiyan , Zhao Fang , Zhang Lukun , Gou Jizhou , Lu Mengji , He Yun , Lu Hongzhou , Li Qian
Published: January 2025

Early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation is known to limit the establishment of the HIV reservoir, with studies suggesting benefits such as a reduced number of infected cells and a smaller latent reservoir. However, the long-term impact of early ART initiation on the dynamics of the infected cell pool remains unclear, and clinical evidence directly comparing proviral integration site counts between early and late ART initiation is limited. In this study, we used Linear Target Amplification-PCR (LTA-PCR) and Next Generation Sequencing to compare unique integration site (UIS) clonal counts between individuals who initiated ART during acute HIV infection stage (Acute-ART group) and those in the AIDS stage (AIDS-ART group). Our analysis revealed distinct clonal distribution patterns, with greater UIS heterogeneity in Acute-ART group and more homogeneity in AIDS-ART group. Monoclonal UIS accumulation, predominantly in-gene regions, was influenced by ART timing and duration, with early treatment delaying this process. Host cell genes integrated by HIV provirus as monoclonal types were enriched in cell cycle and lymphocyte activation pathways. Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) were more frequently integrated as monoclonal types in AIDS-ART group, suggesting potential risk factors. Overall, we introduced a sequencing method to assess provirus size in human peripheral blood and identified the widespread presence of monoclonal distribution of UIS in AIDS-ART group after long-term treatment. The early intervention helps slow the progress of clonal expansion of infected cells, reducing the formation of stable and persistent reservoirs, and ultimately posing fewer barriers to achieving a functional cure.
Clinical and radiographic evaluation of silver diamine fluoride versus mineral trioxide aggregate as indirect pulp capping agents in deeply carious first permanent molars a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Zaghloul Marwa Ahmed Ahmed , El Sayed Manal Ahmed , Abd Al-Gawad Randa Youssef , Abd El- Samad Ahmed Mohamed
Published: January 2025

Aim

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of SDF versus MTA as indirect pulp capping agents in deeply carious first permanent molars.

Methodology

This study was conducted on (30) first permanent molars indicated for indirect pulp capping (IPC) randomly allocated to either SDF or MTA groups (n = 15). The molars were finally restored with glass hybrid glass ionomer restoration. Clinical assessment was conducted at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, while radiographic assessment was performed at 6 and 12 months using predetermined criteria. Data was statistically analyzed.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference between both groups for all assessed clinical and radiographic parameters, including dentin bridge formation, at all follow-up periods. There was no evidence of clinical or radiographic failure in either group.

Conclusions

SDF showed a high success rate compared to MTA and can be considered a promising alternative IPC agent in permanent molars.
Enhancing immunotherapy efficacy in colorectal cancer: targeting the FGR-AKT-SP1-DKK1 axis with DCC-2036 (Rebastinib)
Authors: Chen Xiguang , Zeng Qiting , Yin Liyang , Yan Bingru , Wu Chen , Feng Jianbo , Wu Ying , He Jun , Ding Wenjun , Zhong Jing , Shen Yingying , Zu Xuyu
Published: January 2025

This research demonstrates that DCC-2036 (Rebastinib), a potent third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), effectively suppresses tumor growth in colorectal cancer (CRC) models with functional immune systems. The findings underscore the capacity of DCC-2036 to enhance both the activation and cytotoxic functionality of CD8+ T cells, which are crucial for facilitating anti-tumor immune responses. Through comprehensive multi-omics investigations, significant shifts in both gene and protein expression profiles were detected, notably a marked decrease in DKK1 levels. This reduction in DKK1 was linked to diminished CD8+ T cell effectiveness, correlating with decreased FGR expression. Moreover, our findings identify FGR as a pivotal modulator that influences DKK1 expression via the PI3K-AKT-SP1 signaling cascade. Correlative analysis of clinical specimens supports the experimental data, showing that increased levels of FGR and DKK1 in CRC tissues are associated with inferior clinical outcomes and reduced efficacy of immunotherapeutic interventions. Consequently, targeting the FGR-AKT-SP1-DKK1 pathway with DCC-2036 could potentiate immunotherapy by enhancing CD8+ T cell functionality and their tumor infiltration. This strategy may contribute significantly to the refinement of therapeutic approaches for CRC, potentially improving patient prognoses.
A scaling law to model the effectiveness of identification techniques
Authors: Rocher Luc , Hendrickx Julien M. , Montjoye Yves-Alexandre de
Published: January 2025

AI techniques are increasingly being used to identify individuals both offline and online. However, quantifying their effectiveness at scale and, by extension, the risks they pose remains a significant challenge. Here, we propose a two-parameter Bayesian model for exact matching techniques and derive an analytical expression for correctness (κ), the fraction of people accurately identified in a population. We then generalize the model to forecast how κ scales from small-scale experiments to the real world, for exact, sparse, and machine learning-based robust identification techniques. Despite having only two degrees of freedom, our method closely fits 476 correctness curves and strongly outperforms curve-fitting methods and entropy-based rules of thumb. Our work provides a principled framework for forecasting the privacy risks posed by identification techniques, while also supporting independent accountability efforts for AI-based biometric systems.
Distinct patterns of volcano deformation for hot and cold magmatic systems
Authors: Weber Gregor , Biggs Juliet , Annen Catherine
Published: January 2025

Volcano deformation can be detected over timescales from seconds to decades, offering valuable insights for magma dynamics. However, these signals are shaped by the long-term evolution of magmatic systems, a coupling that remains poorly understood. Here we integrate thermal models of crustal-scale magmatism with thermo-mechanical simulations of ground deformation. This allows us to determine the influence of magmatic flux over 105–106 years on viscoelastic deformation spanning a 10-year observation period. Our results reveal a coupling between surface deformation and the thermal evolution of magma systems, modulated by magma flux and system lifespan. Relatively cold magma systems exhibit cycles of uplift and subsidence, while comparatively hot plumbing systems experience solely uplift. These findings align with geophysical observations from caldera systems, emphasizing the potential of surface deformation measurements as tool for deciphering the state and architecture of magmatic systems. Considering long-term magmatic system evolution is imperative for accurate interpretation of volcanic unrest.
New insight into the protective effect of Citrullus colocynthis loaded with ZnONP cream on glutaraldehyde-induced dermatitis in health care workers
Authors: Ali Walaa A. , Moselhy Walaa A. , Ibrahim Marwa A. , Khalifa Ahlam G. , Mohamed Gadallah
Published: January 2025

Glutaraldehyde (GLU) is mainly used in medicine by healthcare workers during infection control as a chemical disinfectant. It has been linked to numerous health hazards that range from asthma to irritation of the eye to contact dermatitis. Citrullus colocynthis (C.C.) is utilized as a supplement to combat a range of health-related problems. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of locally applied Citrullus colocynthis extract and Citrullus colocynthis loaded with ZnONPs against dermatitis caused by the disinfectant glutaraldehyde (2%).The female mice were divided into five groups (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5). Group 1 was used as a control. The other 4 groups (2,3,4,and 5) were sprayed with 2% GLU (2 mg/kg body weight), and the other groups (3,4,and 5) were subjected to local application of natural products (Citrullus colocynthis extract cream, ZnONP cream, and Citrullus colocynthis loaded on ZnONP cream), respectively. Each experimental animal was followed for 5 days per week for 30 days.Our findings revealed that GLU-induced dermatitis via the upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1b, NFkb 1, and ptgs2 mRNA expression and the downregulation of TGFB1 mRNA expression caused oxidative stress and altered the biochemical markers and histological appearance. However, these effects were improved by the ZnONPs, C.C. extract, and C.C.-ZnONPs.Local application of Citrullus colocynthis ZnONPs and ZnONPs had preventive effects against GLU-induced dermatitis through the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers and the enhancement of antioxidants.
Y2O3NPs induce selective cytotoxicity, genomic instability, oxidative stress and ROS mediated mitochondrial apoptosis in human epidermoid skin A-431 Cancer cells
Authors: Mohamed Hanan RH , Hemdan Shrouk H.A , El-Sherif Ahmed A.
Published: January 2025

Yttrium oxide nanoparticles (Y2O3NPs) have emerged as a promising avenue for cancer therapy, primarily due to their distinctive properties that facilitate selective targeting of cancer cells. Despite their potential, the therapeutic effects of Y2O3NPs on human epidermoid skin cancer remain largely unexplored. This study was thus conducted to investigate the impact of Y2O3NPs on both human skin normal and cancer cells, with an emphasis on assessing their cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and the mechanisms underlying these effects. Cell viability and apoptosis induction were assessed using the Sulforhodamine B and chromatin diffusion assay, respectively. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial membrane potential integrity, oxidative stress markers and expression level of apoptotic and mitochondrial genes were also estimated. Our findings highlight the selective and significant cytotoxicity of Y2O3NPs against human epidermoid A-431 cancer cells. Notably, exposure to five Y2O3NPs concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 µg/ml) resulted in a high concentration-dependent reduction in cell viability and a corresponding increase in cell death observed 72 h post-treatment specifically in A-431 cancer cells, while normal skin fibroblast (HSF) cells exhibited minimal toxicity. When A-431 cancer cells were treated with the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Y2O3NPs for 72 h, a significant increase in ROS generation was noted. This led to oxidative stress, along with severe damage to genomic DNA and mitochondrial membrane potential, triggering substantial apoptosis. Furthermore, a concurrent significant upregulation of apoptotic p53 and mitochondrial ND3 genes was observed, coupled with a notable decrease in the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 gene expression.

Overall, Y2O3NPs demonstrate considerable promise as a therapeutic agent for skin epidermoid cancer due to their ability to selectively target and induce cytotoxic effects in A-431 cancer cells, all while causing minimal harm to normal HSF cells. This selective cytotoxicity appears to be associated with Y2O3NPs’ ability to induce excessive ROS production and subsequent oxidative stress, leading to significant genomic DNA fragmentation, loss of mitochondrial permeability, and alterations in apoptotic and mitochondrial genes’ expression, ultimately promoting apoptosis in A-431 cancer cells. These findings establish a foundation for further research into the utilization of Y2O3NPs in targeted cancer therapies and underscore the necessity for ongoing investigation into their safety and efficacy in clinical applications.
Short-chain fatty acid metabolites propionate and butyrate are unique epigenetic regulatory elements linking diet, metabolism and gene expression
Authors: Nshanian Michael , Gruber Joshua J. , Geller Benjamin S. , Chleilat Faye , Lancaster Samuel M. , White Shannon M. , Alexandrova Ludmila , Camarillo Jeannie M. , Kelleher Neil L. , Zhao Yingming , Snyder Michael P.
Published: January 2025

The short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) propionate and butyrate have beneficial health effects, are produced in large amounts by microbial metabolism and have been identified as unique acyl lysine histone marks. To better understand the function of these modifications, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing to map the genome-wide location of four short-chain acyl histone marks, H3K18pr, H3K18bu, H4K12pr and H4K12bu, in treated and untreated colorectal cancer (CRC) and normal cells as well as in mouse intestines in vivo. We correlate these marks with open chromatin regions and gene expression to access the function of the target regions. Our data demonstrate that propionate and butyrate bind and act as promoters of genes involved in growth, differentiation and ion transport. We propose a mechanism involving direct modification of specific genomic regions by SCFAs resulting in increased chromatin accessibility and, in the case of butyrate, opposing effects on the proliferation of normal versus CRC cells.
A reform of value-added taxes on foods can have health, environmental and economic benefits in Europe
Authors: Springmann Marco , Dinivitzer Eugenia , Freund Florian , Jensen Jørgen Dejgård , Bouyssou Clara G.
Published: January 2025

Fiscal policies can provide important incentives for encouraging the dietary changes needed to achieve global policy targets. Across Europe, the foods relevant to health and the environment often incur reduced but non-zero value-added tax (VAT) rates at about half the maximum rates, which allows for providing both incentives and disincentives. Integrating economic, health and environmental modelling, we show that reforming VAT rates on foods, including increasing rates on meat and dairy, and reducing VAT rates on fruits and vegetables can improve diets and result in health, environmental and economic benefits in most European countries. The health improvements were primarily driven by reductions in VAT rates on fruits and vegetables, whereas most of the environmental and revenue benefits were driven by increased rates on meat and dairy. Our findings suggest that differentiating VAT rates based on health and environmental considerations can support changes towards healthier and more sustainable diets in Europe.
Optimizing the electronic synergy of atomically dispersed dual-metal sites for high-efficiency oxygen evolution/reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Yue , Feng Xueting , Shang Ziang , Li Xintong , Ma Chao , Chen Guanzhen , Zhao Ying , Wu Shaoheng , Han Yunhu
Published: January 2025

An ORR and OER bifunctional catalyst (FeNi–CN), which is used as the catalyst of the cathode of liquid and flexible quasi-solid-state rechargeable Zn–air batteries.
Pressure-dependent kinetic analysis of the N2H3 potential energy surface
Authors: Keslin Michal , Kaplan Kfir , Grinberg Dana Alon
Published: January 2025

The pressure-dependent reactions on the N2H3 potential energy surface (PES) have been investigated using CCSD(T)-F12/aug-cc-pVTZ-F12//B2PLYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ.
Design of a graphene-based chiral trifunctional tunable terahertz metasurface
Authors: Hu Kun , Yao Yunpeng , Ye Lipengan , Hu Zongli , Tang Bin , Su Wei
Published: January 2025

This work introduces an innovative approach to construct chiral structures, circular dichroism, linear dichroism, and polarization conversion are integrated into a single metasurface, which has potential to advance THz photonic devices.
A double-chain based metallomicellar catalyst for aerobic oxidative synthesis of benzimidazoles in water
Authors: Sunani Pragyansmruti , Thiruvengetam Prabaharan , Chand Dillip Kumar
Published: January 2025

A Mo-based surfactant-type complex containing two alkyl chains acted as an efficient metallomicellar catalyst for organic transformations in water.
Highly efficient synthesis of tert-butyl esters using (Boc)2O under solvent/base-free electromagnetic milling conditions: a new reaction model
Authors: Liu Yunxia , Zhang Yan , Qu Yingyu , Liu Qing , Cao Kai , Yan Fachao , Zhang Lizhi , Li Xinjin , Zhao Zengdian , Liu Hui
Published: January 2025

A novel and efficient method has been developed for the synthesis of tert-butyl esters using (Boc)2O as the tert-butyl source, facilitated by electromagnetic milling.
Research progress on and outlook of direct CO2 thickeners for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Song Yuxuan , Zhang Qun , Zou Xinyuan , Fan Jian , Wang Sicai , Zhu Yan
Published: January 2025

Supercritical CO2, as an environmentally friendly and pollution-free fluid, has been applied in various EOR techniques such as CO2 flooding.
Enhancing the stability of inverted perovskite solar cells through Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles hole transporting material
Authors: Fabbretti Elisa , Husien Amin Hasan , Patidar Rahul , Valadez-Villalobos Karen , McGettrick James , Amighini Alerhush Andreia , Parvazian Ershad , Davies Matthew L. , Watson Trystan , Minotto Alessandro , Tseberlidis Giorgio , Sassella Adele , Trifiletti Vanira , Binetti Simona
Published: January 2025

Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles as hole transport material stabilise perovskite solar cells' performance.
Unlocking Mo, P co-doping to boost proton intercalation in MnO2 as a high-performance cathode material for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Ma Kaixuan , Liang Guangfeng , Jiao Qingze , Jin Haibo , Su Yuefeng , Li Ning , Li Jingbo , Xiong Zhiyong , Feng Caihong , Zhao Yun
Published: January 2025

Mo, P co-doping can reduce the insertion energy of H+, which is beneficial to the intercalation of H+, and explains the increase in the contribution of H+ intercalation. The capacity of Mo, P–MnO2 is 216 mA h g−1 after 1100 cycles.
Recrystallization of single crystal CsCu2I3 perovskites by I2 treatment for enhanced UV detecting abilities
Authors: Cao Fa , Cheng Guanyu , Hong Enliu , Liu Ying , Han Sancan , Yu Pingping , Sun Bin
Published: January 2025

Single crystal copper halide perovskites (CsCu2I3) have gained extensive interest due to their nontoxic composition and superior ultraviolet (UV) photodetecting abilities.
Retraction: Design and development of highly sensitive PEDOT-PSS/AuNP hybrid nanocomposite-based sensor towards room temperature detection of greenhouse methane gas at ppb level
Authors: Khasim Syed , Pasha Apsar , Badi Nacer , Ltaief Adnen , Al-Ghamdi S. A. , Panneerselvam Chellasamy
Published: January 2025

Retraction of ‘Design and development of highly sensitive PEDOT-PSS/AuNP hybrid nanocomposite-based sensor towards room temperature detection of greenhouse methane gas at ppb level’ by Syed Khasim et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 15017–15029, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA00994J.
A compact group lens modeled with GIGA-Lens: Enhanced inference for complex systems
Authors: Urcelay F. , Jullo E. , Barrientos L. F. , Huang X. , Hernandez J.
Published: January 2025

Context. In the era of large-scale astronomical surveys, the fast modeling of strong lens systems has become increasingly vital. While significant progress has been made for galaxy-scale lenses, the development of automated methods for modeling larger systems, such as groups and clusters, is not as extensive.

Aims. Our study aims to extend the capabilities of the GIGA-Lens code, enhancing its efficiency in modeling multi-galaxy strong lens systems. We focus on demonstrating the potential of GPU-accelerated Bayesian inference in handling complex lensing scenarios with a high number of free parameters.

Methods. We employed an improved inference approach that combines image position and pixelated data with an annealing sampling technique to obtain the posterior distribution of complex models. This method allowed us to overcome the challenges of limited prior information, a high number of parameters, and memory usage. We validated our process through the analysis of the compact group lens system DES J0248-3955 and we present the relevant VLT/X-shooter spectra.

Results. We measured a redshift of z = 0.69 ± 0.04 for the group, and z = 1.2722 ± 0.0005 for one of the extended arcs. Our enhanced method successfully constrained a lens model with 29 free parameters and lax priors in a remarkably short time. The mass of the lens is well described by a single dark-matter halo with a velocity dispersion of σv = (690 ± 30) km s−1. The model predicts the presence of a second source at the same redshift and a third source at approximately z ~ 2.7.

Conclusions. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of our lens modeling technique for dealing with a complex system in a short time using ground-based data. This presents a considerable prospect within the context of large surveys, such as LSST, in the future.
ALMA observations of massive clouds in the central molecular zone: slim filaments tracing parsec-scale shocks
Authors: Yang Kai , Lu Xing , Zhang Yichen , Liu Xunchuan , Ginsburg Adam , Liu Hauyu Baobab , Cheng Yu , Feng Siyi , Liu Tie , Zhang Qizhou , Mills Elisabeth A. C. , Walker Daniel L. , Inutsuka Shu-ichiro , Battersby Cara , Longmore Steven N. , Tang Xindi , Kauffmann Jens , Gu Qilao , Li Shanghuo , Luo Qiuyi , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Pillai Thushara , Qiao Hai-Hua , Qiu Keping , Shen Zhiqiang
Published: January 2025

The central molecular zone (CMZ) of our Galaxy exhibits widespread emission from SiO and various complex organic molecules (COMs), yet the exact origin of such emission is uncertain. Here we report the discovery of a unique class of long (>0.5 pc) and narrow (<0.03 pc) filaments in the emission of SiO 5–4 and eight additional molecular lines, including several COMs, in our ALMA 1.3 mm spectral line observations toward two massive molecular clouds in the CMZ, which we name as slim filaments. However, these filaments are not detected in the 1.3 mm continuum at the 5σ level. Their line-of-sight velocities are coherent and inconsistent with being outflows. The column densities and relative abundances of the detected molecules are statistically similar to those in protostellar outflows but different from those in dense cores within the same clouds. Turbulent pressure in these filaments dominates over self gravity and leads to hydrostatic inequilibrium, indicating that they are a different class of objects than the dense gas filaments in dynamical equilibrium ubiquitously found in nearby molecular clouds. We argue that these newly detected slim filaments are associated with parsec-scale shocks, likely arising from dynamic interactions between shock waves and molecular clouds. The dissipation of the slim filaments may replenish SiO and COMs in the interstellar medium and lead to their widespread emission in the CMZ.
Applied of bioinformatics in drug discovery and drug development: Bioinformatic analysis 1996-2024
Authors: Irham Lalu Muhammad , Amukti Danang Prasetyaning , Adikusuma Wirawan , Singh Dilpreet , Chong Rockie , Basyuni Mohammad , Pranata Satriya , Hilmi Isom , Khairi Sabiah
Published: January 2025

Drug discovery and drug development were two complex process to find new drugs. Advance science of medicine after human genome project were established accelerating the development of new field called bionformatics. Currently, bioinformatics integrated multidisciplinary studies including molecular biology, mathematics and information engineering. This study utilized the Biblioshiny and VosViewer databases as well as the Scopus database to evalute the study related to the bioinformatics in Drug Discovery and Drug Development. Our study were analyzed the scopus data which were retrieved from 1996-2024. We highlighted that 1581 research articles which were publised in 701 journals. Our findings showed that the annual grow up of the research related study was increased annually with the peak of study in 2023. Besides, top five most relevant sources of study was PlosOne (32 documents), international journal of molecular sciences (30 documents), BMS Bioinformatics (29 documents), Bioinfromatics (24 documents), and Frontiers in Genetics (19 documents). In conclusion, through the integration of the use of Vosviewer, biblioshiny and Scopus database software, our findings show a positive trend regarding research on the application of bioinformatics in drug discovery and drug development.
Life cycle of Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith FED with Pennisetum purpureum Schumach and Paspalum conjugatum PJ Bergius leaves
Authors: Putra Ichsan Luqmana Indra , Mahdiana Liana Fairuzzannah
Published: January 2025

Spodoptera frugiperda is a pest that entered Indonesia and attacks corn plants. This pest can use other plants to complete its life cycle. This study aims to analyze the growth and life cycle of S. frugiperda with three different food treatments. Parameters observed in this study were life cycle length, larval head diameter, larval length, larval weight, pupa length, and pupa weight. The research began with searching for S. frugiperda larvae in corn fields in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. Feeding treatments and observations of the S. frugiperda life cycle were conducted in the laboratory. Data analysis used was Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test. The results showed that S. frugiperda on Zea mays leaves (control) had a life cycle length of 44 days, Pennisetum purpureum leaves 46 days, and Paspalum conjugatum leaves 49 days. Head diameter, length, and weight of S. frugiperda larvae at instar 3 and instar 4 were highest in corn leaf feed, but when entering instar 5 and instar 6 the highest values were found in the feed treatment with Paspalum conjugatum leaves. The coslusion of this research were Pennisetum purpureum leaves and Paspalum conjugatum leaves can be an alternative feed for breeding S. frugiperda in the laboratory.
Physical stability test and irritation test of lotion moringa oleifera leaves ethanol extract with variation concentration
Authors: Sugihartini Nining , Hibatul Wafi Candra , Aufa Na’imatul
Published: January 2025

Leaves of Moringa oleifera have sunscreen activity formulated in lotion form. The stability and safety of a cosmetic preparation must be considered. This research aimed to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of Moringa oleifera leaves extract in lotion on the irritating power and stability of the preparation. Ethanol extract from Moringa oleifera leaves was obtained by maceration method with 50% ethanol solvent. The lotion preparation contains variations extract concentrations of 1% (FI), 3% (FII), 5% (FIII). The preparations were stored in a climatic chamber at 40 ± 2°C with RH 75 ± 5% for 28 days, and then evaluated for physical stability with organoleptic, pH, and viscosity parameters. Observations were made on days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28. The lotion was evaluated for irritancy using albino rabbit test animals. Data was analyzed with Two Way ANOVA statistics and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistics. The results physical stability test showed an effect of extract concentration on the pH value and viscosity of the lotion (p=0.000). Increasing the extract's concentration decreased the preparation's pH value and increased its viscosity. Moringa oleifera leaves ethanol extract lotion with 3% concentration has better physical stability than other formulas and doesn’t irritate the skin.
Characterization of curcumin-loaded nano thermo-sensitive hydrogel
Authors: Ikhsanudin Azis , Saifullah S Teuku Nanda , Zai Khadijah , Ari S Bambang
Published: January 2025

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women. Breast cancer therapy is one of the targets of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely reducing death rates and ensuring that people receive safe and quality medicines. This research aims to characterize thermosensitive nano hydrogel preparations with curcumin as a model drug based on the characteristics of the preparation. Thermosensitive nano hydrogels were formulated with various concentrations of curcumin, namely formulations F1 (10 mg/L), F2 (20 mg/L%), and F3 (40 mg/L). The results showed that the particle size in F I was 472 ± 2.50 nm; F II 423 ± 3.02 nm and F III 455 ± 4.81 nm statistically show a p value <0.05. Data from the zeta potential test results show FI -7.95 ± 1.00 mV, F II -12.47 ± 0.91 mV, and F III -13.33 ± 0.64 mV, with p-value < 0.05 and pH testing shows that F I is 4.73 ± 0.01; FII 4.76 ± 0.01; F III 4.83 ± 0.02, with p-value <0.05. Meanwhile, the stability test of the flask-sensitive hydrogel preparation showed a curcumin F I content of 97.6 ± 0.02%; F II 98.3 ± 0.015%; F III 98.9 ± 0.01%, with p-value <0.05. For the test data, the sol-gel transition time F I was 114 ± 2.08 seconds; F II 112 ± 4.58 seconds; III 154 ± 5.51 seconds with p-value <0.05. F I viscosity data 3,335.98 ± 374.11 cps; F II 2,734.62 ± 428.33 cps; F III 1,923.14 ± 149.86 cps with p value > 0.05. This study concluded that the concentration of poloxamer-407 could reduce particle size, polydispersibility index, zeta potential, and viscosity.
Association between allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis on multislice computed tomography scan paranasal sinuses
Authors: Abdillah Aisyah Puteri Abi , Firmansyah Rizky , Mulyani Dewi Ari , Prisila Elvina , Novariani Muriana , Kurniawan Nurcolid Umam , Abdullah Adnan
Published: January 2025

Rhinosinusitis is inflammation sinus mucosa, which is generally triggered by rhinitis, therefore it’s often called rhinosinusitis. Some predisposing factors include acute respiratory infection due to viruses, various rhinitis, especially allergic rhinitis. As many as 50 patients underwent MSCT-Scan SPN examinations in 2022 at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul. This research uses quantitative research methods with a cross-sectional analytical approach. The sampling technique in this research used total sampling. The data analysis used is univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square statistical test. From 47 samples, 25 people (53.2%) suffered from allergic rhinitis, 42 people (89.4%) suffered from chronic rhinosinusitis. Female patients showed the most chronic rhinosinusitis features on MSCT-Scan Paranasal Sinuses examination as many as 24 people (57.31%), with the highest age being 36-45 years as many as 14 people (33.3%). The highest frequency of chronic rhinosinusitis features was the unilateral maxillary type with 31 cases (18.6%). The calculation results of the relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis show a P-Value of 0.352. We highlighted that there is no significant relationship between allergic rhinitis and chronic rhinosinusitis on MSCT-Scan Paranasal Sinuses at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul for the period January-December 2022.
Anxiety and coping mechanisms in facing clinical skills exam: A study among medical student
Authors: Qomariyah Nurul , Hidayah Nurul , Al Munawaroh Elsa Hana , Aristiani Windy , Sugiyanti Rina , Sukandar Anis , Annisa  , Selohandono Andrianto , Budi Rahayu Ana
Published: January 2025

The prevalence of mental and emotional health disorders (depression and anxiety) nationally reached 9.8%. Medical students are required to master various competency areas that can cause students to feel pressure and potentially triggering anxiety. The OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) is an exam that known as a cause of higher anxiety than other exams. This study aims to analyse the factors that influence anxiety during OSCE for medical. This study is qualitative research with a phenomenological approach which aims to reveal and study the phenomena experienced by the subjects. The sample is all active medical students’ class 2019, 2020 and 2021 who fulfil the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collection methods are Focused Group Discussion (FGD), observation and documentation. We analysed the results of the FGD and interviews using the content analysis method. The results of the research found large categories of research problems, including perceptions and anxiety facing OSCE, factors that cause anxiety during OSCE, and students' coping mechanisms. In dealing with stressors in the form of OSCE students will use two types of coping strategies, problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping.
The relationship between cosmetic usage and the occurrence of acne vulgaris
Authors: Nabila Putri Umniati Sukma , Ihsana Nuni , Rosmelia  , Nurpagino Bombong , Ariani Rizka , Rizkita Leonny Dwi
Published: January 2025

Acne vulgaris is one of the most common types of skin conditions worldwide. It is found in 27.7% of individuals aged 10-12 years in Australia, and 93.3% in those aged 16-18 years. Sufferers of acne vulgaris, predominantly women, often find it challenging to discontinue the habit of using cosmetics. Individuals with acne vulgaris frequently seek cosmetics that can be used without causing or worsening their condition. This study employs a quantitative research method with an analytical cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique employed in this study is purposive sampling. The data analysis used involves univariate analysis with the chi-square statistical test. The largest group of respondents in this study is aged 18 years, with a total of 58 respondents (81.7%). The results of the frequency distribution of cosmetic usage show that 34 individuals (47.9%) use foundation, 65 individuals (91.5%) use facial cleansers, 47 individuals (66.2%) use sunscreen, and 12 individuals (16.9%) use blush-on. Furthermore, 48 individuals (67.6%) experience acne vulgaris. The results of the chi-square test analysis indicate that there is no significant association between the use of foundation, facial cleansers, sunscreen, and blush-on with the occurrence of acne vulgaris (p-value > 0.05). There is no correlation between the use of foundation, facial cleansers, sunscreen, and blush with the occurrence of acne vulgaris
Characteristics of Appendicitis Patients in PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Meidyastuti Izaz Hasna , Heriyanto Muhammad Junaidy , Sambada Taufiek Hikmawan Yuliarto Benni , Tejosukmono Ario
Published: January 2025

Appendicitis is an inflammation of the vermiform appendix. In 2019, worldwide there were estimated to be more than seventeen million cases of acute appendicitis. The difference in lifetime risk and incidence of appendicitis from various studies around the world raises a new possibility that there are differences in the characteristics of appendicitis in each population. This study aims to determine the main characteristics of appendicitis patients. This is an analytic-research with a cross sectional approach using total sampling technique with a total of 211 patients at PKU Muhammadiyah Bantul Hospital 2022. Appendicitis patients were predominantly female; in the age range of 20-44 years; the most common type was uncomplicated appendicitis; the average length of stay was 5 days; the average leukocyte was 10,616/ µL; the average thrombocytes count was 323,825/µL; and the most common complaint was abdominal pain. The characteristics of appendicitis patients are different in each population. Doctors are required to understand the disease and conduct a comprehensive examination so that patients can be treated properly.
Effectiveness of phytoremediation method using water hyacint plants in reducing bod and TDS content in batik industry liquid waste
Authors: Jamilatun Siti , Nurmustaqimah
Published: January 2025

The textile industry, especially Indonesia, has made significant contributions to economic progress; yet, its production process frequently causes harm to the environment. An issue that occurs is the presence of wastewater generated during batik manufacturing, which has elevated concentrations of pollutants such as COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand). This study investigates the utilization of water hyacinth plants for phytoremediation as a viable approach to manage batik liquid waste. The investigation was conducted using time intervals of 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days. The investigation encompasses the reduction in Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), and the impact of pH. The study findings demonstrate that the most significant reduction in BOD was observed on the sixth day, with a value of 25.52 mg/L achieved from an initial concentration of 86.38 mg/L. The TDS decrease achieved a level of 526 ppm. This research demonstrates the high efficacy of the phytoremediation approach in absorbing wastewater.