bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advances in Virus Detection Techniques Based on Recombinant Polymerase Amplification
Authors: Wu Shiwen , Yu Wenhan , Fu Xianshu , Yu Xiaoping , Ye Zihong , Zhang Mingzhou , Qiu Yulou , Ma Biao
Published: October 2024

Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) has emerged as a rapid, efficient, and highly sensitive method for nucleic acid amplification, thus becoming a focal point of research in the field of virus detection. This paper provides an overview of RPA, emphasizing its unique double-stranded DNA synthesis mechanism, rapid amplification efficiency, and capability to operate at room temperature, among other advantages. In addition, strategies and case studies of RPA in combination with other technologies are detailed to explore the advantages and potential of these integrated approaches for virus detection. Finally, the development prospect of RPA technology is prospected.
Influence of Lactation Stage on Content of Neurotrophic Factors, Leptin, and Insulin in Human Milk
Authors: Sinkiewicz-Darol Elena , Łubiech Katarzyna , Adamczyk Iwona
Published: October 2024

Human milk comprehensively meets the nutritional needs of a child, providing not only structural and energy components but also various bioactive factors. Among these, neurotrophic factors and hormones involved in metabolic processes deserve special attention. Studies using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays compared the content of neurotrophic factors—CNTF, NT-3, and NGF—and hormones, leptin and insulin, in two groups of breast milk samples: early lactation (1–3 months) and extended lactation (>6 months, up to 12 months). The results indicated changes in leptin and insulin levels as the lactation period extended. NGF, leptin, and insulin were present in milk samples from both study groups, with leptin and insulin levels being higher in the early lactation group. CNTF and NT-3 were not detected in any of the samples from either study group. The analyses confirmed that human milk from women who breastfeed for extended periods remains a source of biologically active components and macronutrients that support a child’s development and health.
Innovative Approaches to Large-Area Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication Using Slit Coating
Authors: Wang Yitong , Cheng Zetong , Li Junguo , Lv Kuanxin , Li Zhenzhen , Zhao Hang
Published: October 2024

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are gaining prominence in the photovoltaic industry due to their exceptional photoelectric performance and low manufacturing costs, achieving a significant power conversion efficiency of 26.4%, which closely rivals that of silicon solar cells. Despite substantial advancements, the effective area of high-efficiency PSCs is typically limited to about 0.1 cm2 in laboratory settings, with efficiency decreasing as the area increases. The limitation poses a major obstacle to commercialization, as large-area, high-quality perovskite films are crucial for commercial applications. This paper reviews current techniques for producing large-area perovskites, focusing on slot-die coating, a method that has attracted attention for its revolutionary potential in PSC manufacturing. Slot-die coating allows for precise control over film thickness and is compatible with roll-to-roll systems, making it suitable for large-scale applications. The paper systematically outlines the characteristics of slot-die coating, along with its advantages and disadvantages in commercial applications, suggests corresponding optimization strategies, and discusses future development directions to enhance the scalability and efficiency of PSCs, paving the way for broader commercial deployment.
Toxicological Characteristics of Bacterial Nanocellulose in an In Vivo Experiment—Part 2: Immunological Endpoints, Influence on the Intestinal Barrier and Microbiome
Authors: Shipelin Vladimir A. , Skiba Ekaterina A. , Budaeva Vera V. , Shumakova Antonina A. , Trushina Eleonora N. , Mustafina Oksana K. , Markova Yuliya M. , Riger Nikolay A. , Gmoshinski Ivan V. , Sheveleva Svetlana A. , Khotimchenko Sergey A. , Nikityuk Dmitry B.
Published: October 2024

Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is considered a promising alternative to microcrystalline cellulose, as well as an ingredient in low-calorie dietary products. However, the risks of BNC when consumed with food are not well characterized. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of BNC on immune function, the intestinal microbiome, intestinal barrier integrity, and allergic sensitization in subacute experiments on rats. Male Wistar rats received BNC with a diet for eight weeks in a dose range of 1–100 mg/kg of body weight. The measurements of serum levels of cytokines, adipokines, iFABP2, indicators of cellular immunity, composition of the intestinal microbiome, and a histological study of the ileal mucosa were performed. In a separate four-week experiment on a model of systemic anaphylaxis to food antigen, BNC at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight did not increase the severity of the reaction or change the response of IgG antibodies. Based on dose–response effects on immune function, the non-observed adverse effect level for BNC was less than 100 mg/kg of body weight per day. The effects of BNC on the gut microbiome and the intestinal mucosal barrier were not dose-dependent. Data on the possible presence of prebiotic effects in BNC have been obtained.
On the Synthesis of Graphene Oxide/Titanium Dioxide (GO/TiO2) Nanorods and Their Application as Saturable Absorbers for Passive Q-Switched Fiber Lasers
Authors: ul Abedin Zain , ul Haq Ajaz , Ahmed Rizwan , Alrebdi Tahani A. , Alshehri Ali M. , Irfan Muhammad , Asghar Haroon
Published: October 2024

We report passively Q-switched pulse operation through an erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) utilizing graphene oxide/titania (GO/TiO2) nanorods as a saturable absorber. The GO/TiO2 nanorods were fabricated using a Sol–gel-assisted hydrothermal method. The optical and physical characterization of the GO/TiO2 was then characterized using a field-emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and diffuses reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). To investigate the performance of the Q-switched EDFL based on the GO/TiO2 SA, the prepared nanorods were mechanically deposited on the fiber ferrule employing adhesion effects of in-dex-matching gel. This integration of the nanorod SA resulted in a self-starting Q-switching opera-tion initiated at a pump power of 17.5 mW and sustained up to 306.9 mW. When the pump range was tuned from 17.5 to 306.9 mW, the emission wavelength varied from 1564.2 to 1562.9 nm, pulse repetition rates increased from 13.87 kHz to 83.33 kHz, and pulse width decreased from 30.27 µs to 3.75 µs. Moreover, at the maximum pump power of 306.9 mW, the laser exhibited an average output power of 0.74 mW, a peak power of 1.54 mW, and a pulse energy of 8.88 nJ. Furthermore, this study investigates the GO/TiO2 damage threshold and prolonged stability of the proposed EDFL system.
Flexible All-Carbon Nanoarchitecture Built from In Situ Formation of Nanoporous Graphene Within “Skeletal-Capillary” Carbon Nanotube Networks for Supercapacitors
Authors: Chen Tao , Li Hongyan , Wang Jiaziyi , Jia Xilai
Published: October 2024

It is difficult for carbonaceous materials to combine a large specific surface area with flexibility. Here, a flexible all-carbon nanoarchitecture based on the in situ growth of nanoporous graphene within “skeletal-capillary” carbon nanotube (CNT) networks has been achieved by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Multi-path long-range conductivity is established, and the porous graphene provides a large specific surface area for charge storage. The flexibility of the films allows them to be directly used as binder-free electrodes for supercapacitors. Since the polymeric binders are saved, the supercapacitors exhibit a higher overall storage density.
Mitigating Hyperglycaemic Oxidative Stress in HepG2 Cells: The Role of Carica papaya Leaf and Root Extracts in Promoting Glucose Uptake and Antioxidant Defence
Authors: Nxumalo Mthokozisi Bongani , Ntanzi Nosipho , Kumalo Hezekiel Mathambo , Khan Rene Bernadette
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Diabetes often goes undiagnosed, with 60% of people in Africa unaware of their condition. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with insulin resistance and is treated with metformin, despite the undesirable side effects. Medicinal plants with therapeutic potential, such as Carica papaya, have shown promising anti-diabetic properties. This study explored the role of C. papaya leaf and root extracts compared to metformin in reducing hyperglycaemia-induced oxidative stress and their impact on liver function using HepG2 as a reference. Methods: The cytotoxicity was assessed through the MTT assay. At the same time, glucose uptake and metabolism (ATP and ∆Ψm) in HepG2 cells treated with C. papaya aqueous leaf and root extract were evaluated using a luminometry assay. Additionally, antioxidant properties (SOD2, GPx1, GSH, and Nrf2) were measured using qPCR and Western blot following the detection of MDA, NO, and iNOS, indicators of free radicals. Results: The MTT assay showed that C. papaya extracts did not exhibit toxicity in HepG2 cells and enhanced glucose uptake compared to the hyperglycaemic control (HGC) and metformin. The glucose levels in C. papaya-treated cells increased ATP production (p < 0.05), while the ∆Ψm was significantly increased in HGR1000-treated cells (p < 0.05). Furthermore, C. papaya leaf extract upregulated GPx1 (p < 0.05), GSH, and Nrf2 gene (p < 0.05), while SOD2 and Nrf2 proteins were reduced (p > 0.05), ultimately lowering ROS (p > 0.05). Contrarily, the root extract stimulated SOD2 (p > 0.05), GPx1 (p < 0.05), and GSH levels (p < 0.05), reducing Nrf2 gene and protein expression (p < 0.05) and resulting in high MDA levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, the extracts elevated NO levels and iNOS expression (p < 0.05), suggesting potential RNS activation. Conclusion: Taken together, the leaf extract stimulated glucose metabolism and triggered ROS production, producing a strong antioxidant response that was more effective than the root extract and metformin. However, the root extract, particularly at high concentrations, was less effective at neutralising free radicals as it did not stimulate Nrf2 production, but it did maintain elevated levels of SOD2, GSH, and GPx1 antioxidants.
From Mother to Child: Epigenetic Signatures of Hyperglycemia and Obesity during Pregnancy
Authors: Franzago Marica , Borrelli Paola , Di Nicola Marta , Cavallo Pierluigi , D’Adamo Ebe , Di Tizio Luciano , Gazzolo Diego , Stuppia Liborio , Vitacolonna Ester
Published: October 2024

Background: In utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia and obesity can trigger detrimental effects in the newborn through epigenetic programming. We aimed to assess the DNA methylation levels in the promoters of MC4R and LPL genes from maternal blood, placenta, and buccal swab samples collected in children born to mothers with and without obesity and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Methods: A total of 101 Caucasian mother–infant pairs were included in this study. Sociodemographic characteristics, clinical parameters, physical activity, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet were evaluated in the third trimester of pregnancy. Clinical parameters of the newborns were recorded at birth. Results: A negative relationship between MC4R DNA methylation on the fetal side of the GDM placenta and birth weight (r = −0.630, p = 0.011) of newborns was found. MC4R DNA methylation level was lower in newborns of GDM women (CpG1: 2.8% ± 3.0%, CpG2: 3.8% ± 3.3%) as compared to those of mothers without GDM (CpG1: 6.9% ± 6.2%, CpG2: 6.8% ± 5.6%; p < 0.001 and p = 0.0033, respectively), and it was negatively correlated with weight (r = −0.229; p = 0.035), head circumference (r = −0.236; p = 0.030), and length (r = −0.240; p = 0.027) at birth. LPL DNA methylation was higher on the fetal side of the placenta in obese patients as compared to normal-weight patients (66.0% ± 14.4% vs. 55.7% ± 15.2%, p = 0.037), and it was associated with maternal total cholesterol (r = 0.770, p = 0.015) and LDL-c (r = 0.783, p = 0.012). Conclusions: These results support the role of maternal MC4R and LPL methylation in fetal programming and in the future metabolic health of children.
Sportomics Analyses of the Exercise-Induced Impact on Amino Acid Metabolism and Acute-Phase Protein Kinetics in Female Olympic Athletes
Authors: Muniz-Santos Renan , Bassini Adriana , Falcão Jefferson , Prado Eduardo , Martin LeRoy , Chandran Vinod , Jurisica Igor , Cameron L.
Published: October 2024

Background: Exercise can be used as a model to understand immunometabolism. Biological data on elite athletes are limited, especially for female athletes, including relevant data on acute-phase proteins and amino acid metabolism. Methods: We analyzed acute-phase proteins and amino acids collected at South American, Pan-American, and Olympic Games for 16 Olympic sports. We compared female and male elite athletes (447 vs. 990 samples) across four states (fasting, pre-exercise, post-exercise, and resting) to understand sex-specific immunometabolic responses in elite athletes. Results: Considering all states and sports, we found that elite female athletes exhibited higher concentrations of C-reactive protein, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, myeloperoxidase, haptoglobin, and IGF1, with ratios ranging from 1.2 to 2.0 (p < 0.001). Women exhibited lower concentrations of most amino acids, except for glutamate and alanine. Although almost 30% lower in women, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) showed a similar pattern in all states (ρ ≥ 0.9; p < 0.001), while aromatic amino acids (AAAs) showed higher consumption during exercise in women. Conclusion: We established sex dimorphism in elite athletes’ metabolic and inflammatory responses during training and competition. Our data suggest that female athletes present a lower amino acid response towards central fatigue development than male athletes. Understanding these differences can lead to insights into sex-related immuno-metabolic responses in sports or other inflammatory conditions.
Self-Initiated Dietary Adjustments Alter Microbiota Abundances: Implications for Perceived Health
Authors: Willems Anouk , Sura-de Jong Martina , Klaassens Eline , van den Bogert Bartholomeus , van Beek André , van Dijk Gertjan
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Personalized and self-initiated dietary adjustments have been shown to alleviate mental and somatic complaints. Here, we investigated the potential role of gut microbiome alterations underlying these effects. Methods: For this purpose, participants (n = 185) underwent a four-week self-initiated dietary intervention and filled out weekly questionnaires on their dietary intake, somatic and mental symptoms, and physical activity. Results: Overall, the participants lost weight, had alleviated mental and somatic complaints, reduced their total caloric and percentual carbohydrate intake, and ate less processed, party-type, and traditional Dutch food items, but ate more Pescatarian type food items, while keeping their fiber intake unaltered. Baseline and endpoint gut microbiota analyses using 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed an overall increase in Gemmiger formicilis and reductions in Peptostreptococcaceae and Ruminococcus bromii over the four-week dietary intervention. While these bacterial alterations were considered to be beneficial for the host, they were not individually correlated with alterations in, or endpoint levels of, somatic and/or mental complaints. Instead, individual increases in Ruminococcus bicirculans (a well-known utilizer of plant cell wall polysaccharides) were strongly correlated with reductions in mental complaints, even though overall R. bicirculans remained unaltered over the course of the four-week self-initiated dierary intervention. Conclusions: Our results suggest that overall altered versus individually correlated microbiota abundances and their relations with host health characteristics over the course of a self-chosen dietary intervention may represent different levels of regulation, which remain to be further untangled.
A One-Week Elderberry Juice Intervention Augments the Fecal Microbiota and Suggests Improvement in Glucose Tolerance and Fat Oxidation in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Teets Christy , Ghanem Nancy , Ma Guoying , Minj Jagrani , Perkins-Veazie Penelope , Johnson Sarah A. , Etter Andrea J. , Carbonero Franck G. , Solverson Patrick M.
Published: October 2024

Obesity is a costly and ongoing health complication in the United States and globally. Bioactive-rich foods, especially those providing polyphenols, represent an emerging and attractive strategy to address this issue. Berry-derived anthocyanins and their metabolites are of particular interest for their bioactive effects, including weight maintenance and protection from metabolic aberrations. Earlier findings from small clinical trials suggest modulation of substrate oxidation and glucose tolerance with mediation of prospective benefits attributable to the gut microbiota, but mixed results suggest appropriate anthocyanin dosing poses a challenge. The objective of this randomized, placebo-controlled study was to determine if anthocyanin-dense elderberry juice (EBJ) reproduces glucoregulatory and substrate oxidation effects observed with other berries and if this is mediated by the gut microbiota. Overweight or obese adults (BMI > 25 kg/m2) without chronic illnesses were randomized to a 5-week crossover study protocol with two 1-week periods of twice-daily EBJ or placebo (PL) separated by a washout period. Each treatment period included 4 days of controlled feeding with a 40% fat diet to allow for comparison of measurements in fecal microbiota, meal tolerance testing (MTT), and indirect calorimetry between test beverages. Eighteen study volunteers completed the study. At the phylum level, EBJ significantly increased Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, and decreased Bacteroidetes. At the genus level, EBJ increased Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcaceae, and Bifidobacterium and decreased Bacteroides and lactic acid-producing bacteria, indicating a positive response to EBJ. Supporting the changes to the microbiota, the EBJ treatment significantly reduced blood glucose following the MTT. Fat oxidation also increased significantly both during the MTT and 30 min of moderate physical activity with the EBJ treatment. Our findings confirm the bioactivity of EBJ-sourced anthocyanins on outcomes related to gut health and obesity. Follow-up investigation is needed to confirm our findings and to test for longer durations.
Association of the Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index and Consumption Time with NAFLD: The U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2017–2020
Authors: Zhang Kening , Xu Yan , Zhang Nan , Liang Xi , Zhang Huaqi , Liang Hui
Published: October 2024

Background: The timing of food intake can affect the physiological and metabolic functions of the body. However, whether and how the timing of dietary antioxidant intake could influence non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is largely unknown. The Composite Dietary Antioxidant Index (CDAI) serves as a comprehensive measure that encompasses various dietary antioxidants. This study aims to investigate the association between the meal timing of CDAI and NAFLD in American adults. Methods: We used data from the 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary intake was assessed through the implementation of two non-concurrent 24-h dietary recalls. Vibration-controlled transient elastography was employed to assess the controlled attenuation as an indicator of NAFLD. CDAI across the day (total, breakfast, lunch, dinner) and Δ CDAI (Δ = dinner-breakfast) were categorized into quartiles. Weighted logistic regression models and restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate the association between the meal timing of CDAI and NAFLD. Results: Of the 6570 participants in this study, 1153 had NAFLD. Participants in the highest quartile of total CDAI levels had a lower risk of NAFLD compared with the lowest quartile (OR = 0.52; 95% CI, 0.38–0.71). More importantly, participants in the highest quartile of dinner CDAI, but not those in that of breakfast or lunch, had a lower risk of NAFLD (OR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.40–0.73) compared with the lowest quartile. The restricted cubic splines indicated a linear relationship between total CDAI and NAFLD (Pfor nonlinearity = 0.70), as well as between dinner CDAI and NAFLD (Pfor nonlinearity = 0.19). Stratification analyses revealed that the effect of dinner CDAI on NAFLD varied between non-Hispanic Whites and individuals of other races (Pfor interaction = 0.032). Conclusions: these findings suggest the potential beneficial effects of an antioxidant-rich diet and strategic meal timing on NAFLD.
Ouabain Ameliorates Alzheimer’s Disease-Associated Neuropathology and Cognitive Impairment in FAD4T Mice
Authors: Wang Dan , Liu Jiajia , Zhu Qizhi , Wei Xin , Zhang Xiang , Chen Qi , Zhao Yu , Tang Heng , Xu Weiping
Published: October 2024

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common clinical neurodegenerative disorder, primarily characterized by progressive cognitive decline and behavioral abnormalities. The hallmark pathological changes of AD include widespread neuronal degeneration, plaques formed by the deposition of amyloid β-protein (Aβ), and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). With the acceleration of global aging, the incidence of AD is rising year by year, making it a major global public health concern. Due to the complex pathology of AD, finding effective interventions has become a key focus of research. Ouabain (OUA), a cardiac glycoside, is well-known for its efficacy in treating heart disease. Recent studies have also indicated its potential in AD therapy, although its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. Methods: This study integrates bioinformatics, multi-omics technologies, and in vivo and in vitro experiments to investigate the effects of OUA on the pathophysiological changes of AD and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Results: This study analyzed the expression of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) across different stages of AD using bioinformatics. Serum samples from patients were used to validate soluble TREM2 (sTREM2) levels. Using an Aβ1-42-induced microglial cell model, we confirmed that OUA enhances the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation by upregulating TREM2, which reduces neuroinflammation and promotes the transition of microglia from an M1 proinflammatory state to an M2 anti-inflammatory state. To evaluate the in vivo effects of OUA, we assessed the learning and memory capacity of FAD4T transgenic mice using the Morris water maze and contextual fear conditioning tests. We used real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting to measure the expression of inflammation-associated cytokines and to assess microglia polarization. OUA enhances cognitive function in FAD4T mice and has been confirmed to modulate microglial M1/M2 phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, through bioinformatics analysis, molecular docking, and experimental validation, TREM2 was identified as a potential target for OUA. It regulates PI3K/Akt signaling pathway activation, playing a crucial role in OUA-mediated M2 microglial polarization and its anti-inflammatory effects in models involving Aβ1-42-stimulated BV-2 cells and FAD4T mice. Conclusions: These findings indicate that OUA exerts anti-neuroinflammatory effects by regulating microglial polarization, reducing the production of inflammatory mediators, and activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Given its natural origin and dual effects on microglial polarization and neuroinflammation, OUA emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for neuroinflammatory diseases such as AD.
A Review on In Vivo Research Dehydration Models and Application of Rehydration Strategies
Authors: Wang Boyuan , Wei Xiaolu , Zhao Xiyan , Wang Weimin , Deng Jianjun , Yang Haixia
Published: October 2024

Background: Dehydration, a common condition where the amount water lost from the body exceeds intake, disrupts metabolic processes and negatively impacts health and performance. Rehydration, the process of restoring body fluids and electrolytes to normal levels, is crucial for maintaining physiological health. In vivo dehydration models are experimental systems used to study the effects of dehydration on living organisms. However, a comprehensive summary of in vivo models and the application of human rehydration strategies is lacking. Methods: This review provides a comprehensive overview of various in vivo models and rehydration strategies. Results: In vivo models, stimulated by fluid restriction, exercise, thermal exposure, and chemicals, have been used to study dehydration. Importantly, the principles, characteristics, and limitations of the in vivo models are also discussed, along with rehydration administration methods, including oral, intestinal, intravenous, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal routes. Additionally, rehydration strategies and the application for managing different dehydration conditions both in daily life and clinical settings have been summarized. Conclusions: Overall, this review aims to enhance the understanding of the conditions in which in vivo dehydration models and rehydration strategies are applicable, thereby advancing research into the physiological and pathological mechanisms of dehydration and supporting the development of effective rehydration therapies.
Supplementation and Mitigating Cognitive Decline in Older Adults With or Without Mild Cognitive Impairment or Dementia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fu Qi , DeJager Jill , Gardner Elizabeth M.
Published: October 2024

This systematic literature review aims to answer the question of how micronutrients might influence the development and progression of dementia. In the present work, we focused on an overview of an updated review of relevant literature published in the last two decades. This review aims to delineate the relationship between micronutrient supplementation and cognitive decline in older subjects. In carrying out this review, we followed PRISMA, and our literature search was performed on PubMed. This systematic review includes only primary studies that have investigated the efficacy of nutritional interventions for the prevention of dementia and improvement of cognitive function in subjects aged 65 years or older with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or Alzheimer’s disease (AD). A gross heterogeneity of studies forbids the possibility of a direct comparison of the results. A review of the inclusion criteria and restrictions has been conducted to check the validity and reliability of the results. In this review, thirty-three primary studies were included. Results have shown that supplementation with vitamin D, probiotics, and PUFAs would most likely reduce cognitive decline, dementia, or AD compared with vitamins A, B, C, and E, which were seen to be relatively ineffective. Of note, when considering vitamin B supplementation, positive effects were only observed in non-aspirin users having high ω-3 fatty acid (ω-3 FA) plasma levels. In some cases, however, there were genotypic differences in subjects in response to vitamin B supplementation.
No Difference in Liver Damage Induced by Isocaloric Fructose or Glucose in Mice with a High-Fat Diet
Authors: Hsu Wei-Fan , Lee Ming-Hsien , Lii Chong-Kuei , Peng Cheng-Yuan
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The diverse effects of fructose and glucose on the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease remain uncertain. This study investigated the effects, in animal models, of high-fat diets (HFDs) supplemented with either glucose or fructose. Methods: Six-week-old, male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated to four groups: normal diet (ND), HFD, HFD supplemented with fructose (30% w/v, HFD + Fru), and HFD supplemented with glucose (initially 30%, HFD + Glu). After 24 weeks, liver and plasma samples were gathered for analysis. In addition, 39 patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery with wedge liver biopsy were enrolled in the clinical study. Results: The HFD + Glu group consumed more water than did the HFD and HFD + Fru groups. Thus, we reduced the glucose concentration from 30% at baseline to 15% at week 2 and 10% starting from week 6. The HFD + Fru and HFD + Glu groups had a similar average caloric intake (p = 0.463). The HFD increased hepatic steatosis, plasma lipid levels, lipogenic enzymes, steatosis-related oxidative stress, hepatic inflammation, and early-stage liver fibrosis. Supplementation with fructose or glucose exacerbated liver damage, but no significant differences were identified between the two. The expression patterns of hepatic ceramides in HFD-fed mice (with or without supplemental fructose or glucose) were similar to those observed in patients with obesity and severe hepatic steatosis or metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis. Conclusions: Fructose and glucose similarly exacerbated liver damage when added to an HFD. Ceramides may be involved in the progression of hepatic lipotoxicity.
The Importance of Argan Oil in Medicine and Cosmetology
Authors: Serrafi Agata , Chegdani Fatima , Bennis Faïza , Kepinska Marta
Published: October 2024

Argan oil, rich in unsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols, exerts beneficial effects on both the intestinal and skin microbiotas. In the gut, it promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria, such as lactobacilli, while reducing pathogenic bacteria, due to its anti-inflammatory properties that help maintain microbial balance. Additionally, it improves the integrity of the intestinal mucosa, reducing the risk of dysbiosis. On the skin, argan oil hydrates and balances the lipid environment, creating a favorable setting for beneficial microorganisms, while also possessing antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties that soothe conditions like eczema and acne. Thus, argan oil is valuable for overall health, supporting digestion and skin health. The objective of this review is to provide a summary of the benefits of argan oil for alternative and complementary medicine. An exhaustive search of the literature was carried out using targeted keywords. A set of 83 articles were selected and analyzed. As the mechanisms of action of argan oil are not completely understood, this work highlighted the benefits of this oil by analyzing its nutritional properties and its beneficial effects on the intestinal and skin microbiotas. Indeed, argan oil is valuable for overall health.
Escherichia coli Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance in a Swine Slaughtering Process
Authors: Sampaio Aryele Nunes da Cruz Encide , Caron Evelyn Fernanda Flores , Cerqueira-Cézar Camila Koutsodontis , Juliano Lára Cristina Bastos , Tadielo Leonardo Ereno , Melo Patrícia Regina Lopes , de Oliveira Janaína Prieto , Pantoja José Carlos de Figueiredo , Martins Otávio Augusto , Nero Luís Augusto , Possebon Fábio Sossai , Pereira Juliano Gonçalves
Published: October 2024

The swine production chain can be a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli, which transfers resistance genes to other bacteria, serving as an important biomarker in the One Health approach. This study aimed to identify the frequency and antimicrobial resistance profile of E. coli in the swine production chain, assess the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), and compare resistance profiles across different sample types. A total of 622 samples of swine carcasses from various points of the slaughter process (n = 400), swine feces (n = 100), commercial cuts (n = 45), environment (n = 67), and feces from employees (n = 10) of a pig slaughterhouse certified by the Federal Inspection Service, located in São Paulo state, Brazil, were collected. A total of 1260 E. coli isolates were obtained from the samples, with 73.6% of the samples testing positive. The agar disk diffusion test was performed with 10 different classes of antimicrobials. To confirm the production of ESBLs, the isolates were submitted to a double-disk synergism test using cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Of the total isolates, 80.71% were multidrug resistant. All ESBL-producing isolates were multidrug resistant and resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. Isolates from human feces samples had less chance of being multidrug resistant than samples from other sources. The diversity of resistance profiles was verified in the samples, not clustering according to the sources, except for human feces isolates that clustered, evidencing lower antimicrobial resistance variability of these samples. Antimicrobial resistance is significantly present in the pork production chain, necessitating a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to effectively mitigate risks within the One Health framework.
Immunoinformatics Design of a Multiepitope Vaccine (MEV) Targeting Streptococcus mutans: A Novel Computational Approach
Authors: Naorem Romen Singh , Pangabam Bandana Devi , Bora Sudipta Sankar , Fekete Csaba , Teli Anju Barhai
Published: October 2024

Dental caries, a persistent oral health challenge primarily linked to Streptococcus mutans, extends its implications beyond dental decay, affecting over 4 billion individuals globally. Despite its historical association with childhood, dental caries often persists into adulthood with prevalence rates ranging from 60 to 90% in children and 26 to 85% in adults. Currently, there is a dearth of multiepitope vaccines (MEVs) specifically designed to combat S. mutans. To address this gap, we employed an immunoinformatics approach for MEV design, identifying five promising vaccine candidates (PBP2X, PBP2b, MurG, ATP-F, and AGPAT) based on antigenicity and conservation using several tools including CELLO v.2.5, Vaxign, v2.0, ANTIGENpro, and AllerTop v2.0 tools. Subsequent identification of linear B-cell and T-cell epitopes by SVMTrip and NetCTL/NetMHC II tools, respectively, guided the construction of a MEV comprising 10 Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, 5 Helper T Lymphocyte (HTL) epitopes, and 5 linear B-cell epitopes, interconnected by suitable linkers. The resultant MEV demonstrated high antigenicity, solubility, and structural stability. In silico immune simulations showcased the MEV’s potential to elicit robust humoral and cell-mediated immune responses. Molecular docking studies revealed strong interactions between the MEV construct and Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs) and Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. Remarkably, the MEV–TLR-4 complexes exhibited a low energy score, high binding affinity, and a low dissociation constant. The Molecular Dynamic (MD) simulation analysis suggested that MEV–TLR-4 complexes had the highest stability and minimal conformational changes indicating equilibrium within 40 nanosecond time frames. Comprehensive computational analyses strongly support the potential of the proposed MEV to combat dental caries and associated infections. The study’s computational assays yielded promising results, but further validation through in vitro and in vivo experiments is needed to assess its efficacy and safety.
Evaluating the Efficiency and Staff Satisfaction of the Point-of-Care IV Activated System Versus Traditional Piggyback in Administering IV Antibiotics at a Saudi Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Elshammaa Khaled , Yousif Abubakr A. , Alshammari Abdullah , Alnuhait Mohammed , Alotaibi Abdulmalik S. , Elrggal Mahmoud E. , Elnaem Mohamed Hassan
Published: October 2024

Background: This study aims to compare resource utilization and staff satisfaction between the point-of-care (POC) activated system and the traditional intravenous piggyback (PB) system in hospital pharmacy settings. Methods: Employing a pre-post quasi-experimental design from November 2019 to April 2020, the study assessed resource requirements for both the POC activated system and the traditional PB system. Additionally, a staff satisfaction survey was conducted, focusing on staff experiences related to the pharmacy preparation process and the subsequent activation of the system by nurses. Results: The POC activated system required significantly fewer full-time equivalents (FTEs) per month compared to the PB system (0.36 ± 0.05 vs. 1.56 ± 0.07; p < 0.0001). Using POC in automated dispensing cabinets (ADCs) reduced medication administration time and returns (6.41% vs. 1.75%; p < 0.0001). The staff satisfaction survey revealed greater satisfaction with the POC activated system. A subsequent analysis showed the POC activated system had a low expiration rate of 0.1% and a cost of 39 Saudi riyal, while the traditional system had higher expiration rates and cost of 46,260 SR. Conclusions: The POC activated system reduced FTEs, decreased returned medications, and enhanced staff satisfaction compared to the PB system.
The Influence of Sodium Humate on the Biosynthesis and Contents of Flavonoid Constituents in Lemons
Authors: Xu Nianao , Yang Fan , Dai Weifeng , Yuan Cheng , Li Jinxue , Zhang Hanqi , Ren Youdi , Zhang Mi
Published: October 2024

Sodium humate (SH) is the sodium salt of humic acid. Our previous research has demonstrated that SH has the ability to enhance the levels of total flavonoids in various parts of lemons, including the leaves, peels, pulps, and seeds, thereby improving the quality of lemons. In the current study, the regulation effect of SH on the biosynthesis and content of lemon flavonoid compounds was examined using transcriptome sequencing technology and flavonoid metabolomic analysis. Following SH treatment, the transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed 320 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between samples treated with SH and control (CK) samples, some of which were associated with the phenylalanine pathway by KEGG annotation analysis. The levels of seven flavonoid compounds identified in lemon peels were observed to increase, and eriocitrin and isoorientin were identified as differential metabolites (DMs, VIP > 1) using OPLS-DA analysis. The integrated analysis of transcriptomics and flavonoid metabolomics indicates that SH treatment induces alterations in gene expression and metabolite levels related to flavonoid synthesis. Specifically, SH influences flavonoid biosynthesis by modulating the activity of key enzymes in the phenylalanine pathway, including HCT (O-hydroxycinnamoyltransferase) and F5H (ferulate-5-hydroxylase).
Evaluating Native Bacillus Strains as Potential Biocontrol Agents against Tea Anthracnose Caused by Colletotrichum fructicola
Authors: Chen Meixia , Lin Hui , Zu Weifan , Wang Lulu , Dai Wenbo , Xiao Yulin , Zou Ye , Zhang Chengkang , Liu Wei , Niu Xiaoping
Published: October 2024

Anthracnose of the tea plant (Camellia sinensis), caused by Colletotrichum spp., poses a significant threat to both the yield and quality of tea production. To address this challenge, researchers have looked to the application of endophytic bacteria as a natural alternative to the use chemical pesticides, offering potential for enhancing disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance in tea plants. This study focused on identifying effective microbial agents to combat tea anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum fructicola. A total of 38 Bacillus-like strains were isolated from the tea rhizosphere, with 8 isolates showing substantial inhibitory effects against the mycelial growth of C. fructicola, achieving an average inhibition rate of 60.68%. Among these, strain T3 was particularly effective, with a 69.86% inhibition rate. Through morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization, along with 16S rRNA gene phylogenetics analysis, these strains were identified as B. inaquosorum (T1 and T2), B. tequilensis (T3, T5, T7, T8, and T19), and B. spizizenii (T6). Biological and molecular assays confirmed that these strains could induce the expression of genes associated with antimicrobial compounds like iturin, fengycin, subtilosin, and alkaline protease, which effectively reduced the disease index of tea anthracnose and enhanced tea plant growth. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that B. inaquosorum, B. tequilensis, and B. spizizenii strains are promising biocontrol agents for managing tea anthracnose.
Reproductive Biology in the Possible Last Healthy Population of Parodia rechensis (Cactaceae): Perspectives to Avoid Its Extinction
Authors: Becker Rafael , Farias-Singer Rosana , Gurvich Diego E. , Pittella Renan , Calderon-Quispe Fernando H. , de Moraes Brandalise Júlia , Singer Rodrigo Bustos
Published: October 2024

All 32 Brazilian species of Parodia Speg (Cactaceae) occurring in Rio Grande do Sul State are considered threatened, according to the IUCN criteria. Until 2021, Parodia rechensis (CR) was known by only two small populations. However, a new population with over 400 individuals was discovered in 2021, prompting the study of its reproductive biology as a way to promote its conservation. Anthesis, breeding system, and natural pollination were studied in the field. The breeding system was studied by applying controlled pollination treatments to plants excluded from pollinators (bagged). Germination features were studied at the Seed Bank of the Porto Alegre Botanical Garden under controlled temperatures (20, 25, and 30 °C). The anthesis is diurnal and lasts for up to four days. The flowers offer pollen as the sole resource to the pollinators. The study species is unable to set fruit and seed without the agency of pollinators and has self-incompatible (unable to set fruit and seeds when pollinated with pollen of the same individual) characteristics that can considerably restrict its reproduction. Native bees of Halictidae and Apidae (Hymenoptera) are the main pollinators, with a smaller contribution of Melyridae (Coleoptera) and Syrphidae (Diptera). Natural fruit set is moderate (≤64%, per individual), but the species presents vegetative growth, producing several branches from the mother plant. Seeds showed the optimum germination rate at 20 °C and an inhibition of 75% in germinability at 30 °C. Our findings suggest the need to manage the species’ habitat to guarantee the permanency of the plants and healthy populations of pollinators as well. Our findings raise concerns about the germination and establishment of new individuals in the context of rising temperatures caused by climate change. Suggestions for the possible management of the extant populations are made.
Exploring the Antidiabetic Potential of Salvia officinalis Using Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and ADME/Drug-Likeness Predictions
Authors: Ononamadu Chimaobi J. , Seidel Veronique
Published: October 2024

A combination of network pharmacology, molecular docking and ADME/drug-likeness predictions was employed to explore the potential of Salvia officinalis compounds to interact with key targets involved in the pathogenesis of T2DM. These were predicted using the SwissTargetPrediction, Similarity Ensemble Approach and BindingDB databases. Networks were constructed using the STRING online tool and Cytoscape (v.3.9.1) software. Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis and molecular docking were performed using DAVID, SHINEGO 0.77 and MOE suite, respectively. ADME/drug-likeness parameters were computed using SwissADME and Molsoft L.L.C. The top-ranking targets were CTNNB1, JUN, ESR1, RELA, NR3C1, CREB1, PPARG, PTGS2, CYP3A4, MMP9, UGT2B7, CYP2C19, SLCO1B1, AR, CYP19A1, PARP1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, HSD17B1, and GSK3B. Apigenin, caffeic acid, oleanolic acid, rosmarinic acid, hispidulin, and salvianolic acid B showed the highest degree of connections in the compound-target network. Gene enrichment analysis identified pathways involved in insulin resistance, adherens junctions, metabolic processes, IL-17, TNF-α, cAMP, relaxin, and AGE-RAGE in diabetic complications. Rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, and salvianolic acid B showed the most promising interactions with PTGS2, DPP4, AMY1A, PTB1B, PPARG, GSK3B and RELA. Overall, this study enhances understanding of the antidiabetic activity of S. officinalis and provides further insights for future drug discovery purposes.
The Germination Performance After Dormancy Breaking of Leucaena diversifolia (Schltdl.) Benth. Seeds in a Thermal Gradient and Its Distribution Under Climate Change Scenarios
Authors: Flores Andrés , Flores-Ortíz Cesar M. , Dávila-Aranda Patricia D. , Rodríguez-Arévalo Norma Isela , Sampayo-Maldonado Salvador , Cabrera-Santos Daniel , Gianella Maraeva , Ulian Tiziana
Published: October 2024

Climate change models predict temperature increases, which may affect germination, an important stage in the recruitment of individuals in agroecosystems. Therefore, it is crucial to conduct research on how temperature will impact the germination of multipurpose native species. Leucaena diversifolia (Schltdl.) Benth. is native to America and is commonly cultivated around the world due to having a high protein content in seeds, and their trees are used in agrosilvopastoral systems because they fix nitrogen and provide shade and cattle feed. However, climate change affects the critical phases of its life cycle and influences its growth, reproduction, phenology, and distribution. To assess the germination performance of Leucaena diversifolia under different temperatures throughout thermal times, we estimated germination variables and determined cardinal temperatures and thermal time; we also analysed germination and potential distribution under two climate change scenarios. We found significant variations in seed germination (78–98%) and differences in cardinal temperatures (Tb = 5.17 and 7.6 °C, To = 29.42 and 29.54 °C, and Tc = 39.45 and 39.76 °C). On the other hand, the sub-optimal and supra-optimal temperature values showed little differences: 51.34 and 55.57 °Cd. The models used showed variations in germination time for the analysed scenarios and the potential distribution. We confirm that the populations and distribution of L. diversifolia will be altered due to climate changes, but the species retains the ability to germinate under warmer conditions.
A Model for the Gene Regulatory Network Along the Arabidopsis Fruit Medio-Lateral Axis: Rewiring the Pod Shatter Process
Authors: Moya-Cuevas José , Ortiz-Gutiérrez Elizabeth , López-Sánchez Patricio , Simón-Moya Miguel , Ballester Patricia , Álvarez-Buylla Elena R. , Ferrándiz Cristina
Published: October 2024

Different convergent evolutionary strategies adopted by angiosperm fruits lead to diverse functional seed dispersal units. Dry dehiscent fruits are a common type of fruit, characterized by their lack of fleshy pericarp and the release of seeds at maturity through openings (dehiscence zones, DZs) in their structure. In previous decades, a set of core players in DZ formation have been intensively characterized in Arabidopsis and integrated in a gene regulatory network (GRN) that explains the morphogenesis of these tissues. In this work, we compile all the experimental data available to date to build a discrete Boolean model as a mechanistic approach to validate the network and, if needed, to identify missing components of the GRN and/or propose new hypothetical regulatory interactions, but also to provide a new formal framework to feed further work in Brassicaceae fruit development and the evolution of seed dispersal mechanisms. Hence, by means of exhaustive in-silico validations and experimental evidence, we are able to incorporate both the NO TRANSMITTING TRACT (NTT) transcription factor as a new additional node, and a new set of regulatory hypothetical rules to uncover the dynamics of Arabidopsis DZ specification.