bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perdas na plataforma de corte na colheita de arroz irrigado
Authors: Russini Alexandre , De Vargas Rogério Rodrigues , Schmidt Willian , Schlosser José Fernando , Farias Marcelo Silveira , Herzog Daniela
Published: September 2021

A colheita do arroz irrigado apresenta particularidades em relação às demais culturas. Considerada de difícil trilha, tem elevada perdas de grãos, podendo alcançar valores inaceitáveis. Neste sentido, este trabalho teve por objetivo quantificar as perdas de grãos na cultura do arroz irrigado em diferentes tipos de plataforma de corte e velocidades de trabalho da colhedora. Foram utilizadas duas colhedoras de grãos com sistema de trilha axial, equipadas com plataformas de corte do tipo helicoidal e draper. As perdas decorrentes da plataforma de corte foram avaliadas em cinco velocidades de trabalho (1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; e 3,0 km h-1), em delineamento experimental blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. A partir dos resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que, não houve interação entre os dois fatores avaliados. No entanto, ocorreram diferenças nas perdas para a velocidade de 1,0 km h-1, não diferindo das demais, proporcionando redução nas perdas em função do aumento da velocidade de trabalho, na ordem de 142,29% e 92,40% para as plataformas helicoidal e draper, respectivamente. Portanto, o aumento da velocidade de trabalho reduziu as perdas em ambas as plataformas, porém a capacidade do sistema de trilha das colhedoras deve ser considerada.

Palavras-chave: Oryza sativa L. Mecanização agrícola. Colhedoras de grãos. Velocidade de trabalho
Barras de fibra de vidro, uma alternativa inovadora e suas potencialidades: revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Ineia Adriano , Pol William De Oliveira , Arenhart Braun Julia Catiane , Da Silva Lopes Luizmar
Published: September 2021

O desempenho, eficiência, resiliência e sustentabilidade de uma estrutura são parâmetros fundamentais para promover a qualidade de vida e desenvolvimento econômico de uma infraestrutura. Atualmente, as patologias como corrosão são problemas sérios que oneram os cofres públicos e o consumidor final, além de gerar maiores importunos ao longo do tempo. Por isso, o emprego de materiais alternativos e de alto desempenho ganham cada vez mais atenção, devido à alta complexidade de gerenciamento, manutenção e adaptação resiliente às mudanças sociais, climáticas, poluição acentuada, diminuição dos recursos financeiros e entre outras durante todo o seu ciclo de vida da infraestrutura. Portanto, as barras de GFRP (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer) ganham evidência por serem inertes a corrosão, sendo empregada como uma ferramenta de reparo, manutenção e emprego em novas obras civis. Esse material associado a tecnologia, possibilita a redução de custo e melhoria no comportamento da estrutura. O plano de fundo deste artigo é de fomentar estudos futuros, vislumbrando desenvolver uma norma brasileira de dimensionamento de concreto armado (CA) GFRP. O domínio deste assunto aos profissionais, gestores e envolvidos na concepção e implementação de sistemas de infraestrutura e obras civis é fundamental, pois permite um planejamento sistêmico, otimizado e coerente as necessidades, minimizando custos, mas sem comprometer a qualidade da estrutura.
O uso da plataforma bim na compatibilização de projetos da construção civil
Authors: Souza de Passos Paulo Rafael , Lima Izabel Maria
Published: September 2021

É notório o papel da construção civil em relação ao desenvolvimento de uma nação, tanto de maneira econômica quanto social. Com o decurso do tempo, é inevitável que o mercado se torne mais exigente, na medida em que a demanda por serviços de maior qualidade aumenta. No cenário da construção civil brasileira atual, ainda é possível ver falhas comuns em projetos por falta de qualidade e/ou ausência de interação entre os profissionais envolvidos, isto é, ausência de gestão do projeto, sendo que um grande percentual dessas falhas somente se resolve na fase de execução, gerando retrabalhos desnecessários, gastos incomuns e aumento no prazo de entrega das obras. Este artigo foi constituído por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, cujo objetivo é apresentar os benefícios de uma tecnologia capaz de facilitar o trabalho, reduzindo falhas, aumentado a produtividade, obtendo processos de gestão com qualidade, bem como tonando o processo de compatibilização mais seguro, econômico e eficaz. A plataforma Building Information Modeling (BIM) ou Modelagem da Informação da Construção, por meio de softwares específicos proporciona aos processos construtivos a possibilidade de resolução de problemas ainda na fase de projeto, fase de execução, bem como durante todo o ciclo de vida da edificação. Como resultados, ficou constatado que utilizar a plataforma BIM para o processo de compatibilização de projetos é uma maneira de evitar desperdícios com retrabalhos desnecessários, bem como manter o cronograma da obra conforme o que fora previamente planejado.
Programas de fungicidas no controle de antracnose na cultura da soja
Authors: Oliveira Lorrayne Ferreira , Bonaldo Solange Maria , Pereira Cassiano Spaziani , Fiorini Ivan Vilela Andrade , Belufi Luana Maria De Rossi , Pittelkow Fábio Kempim
Published: September 2021

Antracnose causada por espécies de Colletotrichum é uma das principais doenças da soja no Brasil. O objetivo foi avaliar programas de fungicidas no controle de antracnose e produtividade na cultura da soja, em experimento realizado na safra 2018/2019 em Lucas do Rio Verde – MT; utilizando cv. Monsoy 8210 IPRO com 20% de inoculação de sementes com Colletotrichum truncatum. O delineamento experimental foi blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições e aplicação de nove programas de fungicidas aos 30, 45 e 60 dias após a semeadura (DAS). Avaliou-se Área Abaixo da Curva de Progresso da Doença (AACPD), incidência de sintomas em vagens, número de vagens/plantas, desfolha, massa de mil grãos, produtividade e sanidade de grãos. A inoculação do patógeno reduziu o estande de plantas e número de plantas com cotilédones. Os programas de fungicidas reduziram incidência e severidade de antracnose na parte aérea das plantas em R5.3 e R5.5. O programa trifloxistrobina+ciproconazol (30 DAS) e trifloxistrobina+protioconazol+mancozebe (45 e 60 DAS) apresentou menor incidência de sintomas de antracnose em vagens. Os programas de fungicidas reduziram a desfolha no estádio fenológico R6. O programa piraclostrobina+epoxiconazol (30 DAS), fluxapiroxade+piraclostrobina +oxicloreto de cobre (45 DAS) e epoxiconazol+fluxapiroxade+ piraclostrobina+ oxicloreto de cobre (60 DAS); programa com trifloxistrobina+ciproconazol (30 DAS) e trifloxistrobina+protioconazol+mancozebe (45 e 60 DAS); e programa com propiconazol+difenoconazol (30 DAS), difeconazol+ciproconazol+clorotalonil (45 DAS) e azoxistrobina+benzovindiflupir+difeconazol+ciproconazol (60 DAS), reduziram a AACPD de antracnose. Maiores valores de produtividade e peso de mil sementes foram obtidos com o programa trifloxistrobina+ciproconazol (30 DAS) e trifloxistrobina+protioconazol+mancozebe (45 e 60 DAS).
YEREL YÖNETİMLERDE SEÇİM SİSTEMLERİNİN DEMOKRATİK TEMSİL ÜZERİNE ETKİSİ: İSTANBUL ADALAR VE SULTANBEYLİ BELEDİYE MECLİSLERİ ÜZERİNE İNCELEME
Authors: AKCAGÜNDÜZ Emre
Published: September 2021

Yerel yönetimler, yerel halkın kamu hizmetlerinden en etkin ve verimli şekilde yararlanması için kurulmuştur. Yerel yönetimlerin en belirgin özelliği, demokratik yönetime ve siyasal katılıma en yakın yönetim birimleri olmalarıdır. Bu çalışma, 2972 sayılı Mahalli İdareler ile Mahalle Muhtarlıkları ve İhtiyar Heyetleri Seçimi Hakkında Kanun’da belirtilen belediye meclisi üyeliklerinin seçimi için uygulanan “onda birlik baraj uygulamalı” “d’hondt sistemi” ve “kontenjan adaylığı” uygulamasının yerel temsile olan etkisini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma üç bölüm olarak tasarlanmıştır. İlk bölümde 2972 sayılı kanunun tarihsel arka planı incelenmiştir. Bu bölümde 2972 sayılı kanunun Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi’nde yasalaşma sürecinde yapılan lehte ve aleyhte tartışmalar incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümde seçim sistemleri (özellikle d’hondt sistemi) derinlemesine incelenerek örneklerle açıklanmıştır. Üçüncü bölümde ise Yüksek Seçim Kurulu’ndan alınan veriler çerçevesinde 31 Mart 2019 Mahalli İdareler Genel Seçimleri sonucunda, İstanbul Adalar ve Sultanbeyli Belediye Meclisleri üyelerinin hangi partilerden oluştuğu, yerel seçim sisteminin ve kontenjan aday uygulamasının bu oluşuma (temsilde adalet açısından) nasıl etki ettiği ortaya konulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda 2972 sayılı kanunun çevresinde uygulanan “barajlı d’hondt sistemi” ve “kontenjan adaylığı” uygulamasının yerel temsili olumsuz yönde etkilediği ve temsilde adaletsizliğe neden olduğu tespit edilmiştir
Effects of Moringa Leaf Extract and Moderate Intensity Exercise on Histopathological Appearance and Autophagy Gene Expression
Authors: Gunadi Julia Windi , Jatnika Danti Dja , Astrid Stephanie , Lucretia Teresa , Ray Hamidie Ronald Daniel , Goenawan Hanna , Tarawan Vita Murniati , Nurhayati Titing , Lesmana Ronny
Published: September 2021

The prevention of liver disease could be conducted through preventive strategies, such as antioxidants and exercise. Moringa leaf extract has substances that could act as antioxidant, while exercise is also known protecting the liver from disease by changing hepatic metabolism and autophagy. This study aimed to investigate the effect of moringa leaf extract and moderate intensity exercise on histopathological appearance and autophagy gene expression of wistar rat liver. The method used in this study was animal experiment using 24 male wistar rats divided into 4 groups, including control group, moringa group, exercise group, and moringa + exercise group. Moringa leaf extract was given in low dose (5.7 mg/kgW) per oral, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. Meanwhile, the 20 m/minute treadmill exercise was given for 30 minutes per day, 5 times a week, for 4 weeks. Results showed a significant change on histopathological scoring in exercise group (p=0.011) compared to control group. Increased autophagy gene expression was found in moringa + exercise group compared to control group (LC3 0.90 fold; p62 0.87 fold). In summary, this study presented that moderate intensity exercise induced changes on histopathological appearance of wistar rat liver that might be associated with physiological inflammation. Moringa, with its antioxidant properties, combined with increased autophagy might improve histopathological changes in moringa + exercise group.
Analysis of VO2MAX Differences between Laboratory Test and Field Test in Rowing
Authors: Syahid Angga Muhammad
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of VO2max measurement using laboratory test and field test. This research is a descriptive quantitative research with a comparative approach. The samples of this study were 30 male and female athletes of the Indonesian rowing team (male = 17, female = 13) aged 23.5 ± 3.5 years. The anthropometric profile of the athletes included height = 182.2 ± 5.01 cm for male and 171.9 ± 5.73 cm for female, weight = 74.2 ± 5.85 kg for male and 68.6 ± 8.5 kg for female. According to the results of analysis of VO2max rowing test data gained from both methods, there were low and moderate correlations in the laboratory test and field test in rowing (male r = 0.425 and female r = 0.62). The results show that VO2max measured in the laboratory test and field test did not show a significant difference. Therefore, these two parameter tests can be used in Vo2Max testing.
Nutrition Education on Sedentary Activity for Adolescent
Authors: Insani Hurry Mega , Kustiyah Lilik , Dwiriani Cesilia Meti , Sentanu Mutiara Ayu
Published: September 2021

Adolescents are prone to nutrition problem, such as the lack of nutrition, overweight, and obesity caused by sedentary behaviours. Adolescents’ activities are influenced by their surrounding environment, such as family, friends, and duration of gadget use. Nutrition Education is a method to help increasing the adolescent’s knowledge about the importance of increasing physical activity and the consequence of sedentary behaviours for adolescents. Knowing the most effective method was the purpose of the study. This study used a quasi-experimental method with control group pre-test post-test design. The study was carried on three groups of adolescents, namely the lecture group, website group, and control group, for two months on school days. The instrument used was ASAQ (Adolescents Sedentary Activity Questionnaire) analysed by one-way ANOVA. The subjects of this study were adolescents aged 15-16 years old. This study used purposive sampling to select the subjects. The results showed that Nutrition Education using the interpersonal lecture method could increase 23.7 points of adolescent knowledge compared to Nutrition Education using the website method (6.2 points). Nutrition Education could increase the adolescent’s knowledge but it did not have a significant effect on adolescent’s physical activity on school days. Some activities of the adolescents were quite high, especially the learning activities of the lecture group (471.7 ± 53.5) and the website group (471.7 ± 53.5). The sleep activity also increased significantly in the lecture group (p = 0.040), website group (p = 0.003), and control group (p = 0.015). Meanwhile, the screen time activity decreased significantly (p = 0.011) in the lecture group due to various factors. Further research related to the factors affecting the duration of adolescent’s screen time on school days needs to be conducted.
Alcohol Consumption and Scholastic Performance of Collegiate Physical Education Students
Authors: Andacao Arvin Alcaraz , Lad Fermar Mapayo
Published: September 2021

Alcohol is widely used in the world. Either for happiness or resolving problems, college students continue to have interaction with alcoholic drinks. This paper was aimed to examine the connection  between alcohol intake and scholastic performance of second-year college students who took Physical Education subject in Davao Oriental State College of Science and Technology. The authors employed descriptive-correlational design with 115 students as samples out of 377 participated respondents. One set of adopted, contextualized, and tested 15-items of types of drinker instrument gaining excellent Cronbach’s alpha was used. Academic grades had been acquired and generated from an electronic database school system for academic records of the students. The findings discovered that the general level of alcohol consumption of the students was moderate, while the overall educational performance score was generally determined as satisfactory. The students aged 15 to 17 years gained f value 6758.46 (p0.01), while the students aged 18 to 20 years gained f=3564.71 (p0.01). Each of the result defined the sizable distinction within the alcohol consumption of college students. Meanwhile, the investigation also observed an extensive distinction in the level of alcohol use analyzed by gender (f=1780.55; p0.01). Courses and study time parameters did not show statistically significant difference in alcohol consumption. Finally, alcohol intake was not significantly correlated to instructional performance. Furthermore, the problem and high-risk of drinking in students had been found out for the maximum salience of the study.  A functional and sustainable moral recovery program of each school organization that includes risk assessment, alcohol and drug education, mental health, physical exercises, games and sports, and recreational activities is recommended.
Physical Fitness of Female Soccer Players Based on Playing Position
Authors: Firdausi Dzihan Khilmi Ayu , Simbolon Muhammad Eka Mardyansyah
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into female soccer players’ physical performance profiles by observing their position in the field. The sample consisted of 17 athletes who were involved in regional training at the Papua National Sports Week (PON) 2021. The players were divided into three subgroups based on their position, including specific strikers, midfielders, and backs. The samples performed 10 item tests measuring physical performance components. Based on the playing position, there was no difference of BMI among the strikers, midfielders, and backs (F = 0.174, p 0.05). The results of the bleep test showed no difference (F = 0.466, p 0.05). The results of leg dynamometer (F = 0.898, p 0.05), back dynamometer (F = 1.350, p 0.05), and sit and reach (F = 0.543, p 0.05) also showed no difference. There was also no difference in measurement results of hand dynamometer pull (F = 0.028, p 0.05) and push (F = 1.107, p 0.05). Moreover, the result of 50-meter sprint (F = 0.404, p 0.05), sit up (F = 0.493, p 0.05), push up (F = 2.204, p 0.05), and shuttle run (F = 0.991, p 0.05) also showed no difference. We believe that a female football player athletic ability is unaffected by their position in the field. The absence of variation in physical ability observed among female soccer players may be attributed to BMI. Coaches may use these results as reference data to classify strengths, select players, and monitor the preparation.
Kinetics Analysis of Overhead Standing Smash in Badminton
Authors: Rusdiana Agus , Subarjah Herman , B Badruzaman , Budiman Didin , Wibowo Ricky , Nurjaya Dede Rohmat , Pramutadi Asril , Mustari Andi , Kusdinar Yopi , Syahid Angga
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the joint motion kinetics of the shoulders, elbows, and wrists between experienced player (skilled player) group and unskilled player group when performing overhead standing smash in badminton game. The samples involved were 26 samples. The samples included 13 male badminton players joining Student Activity Unit who had achieved many achievements and had a high skill (skilled), while the other 13 samples were unskilled players, involving students who had just studied under one year. The mean of participants’ age was 19.4 ± 1.6 years, height was 1.73 ± 0.12m, and body weight was 62.8 ± 3.7kg. This study used 3 Panasonic Handycams, a calibration set, 3D Frame DIAZ IV motion analysis software, and a speed radar gun. Normalization of the kinetic motion score of the shoulder, elbow, and wrist joints was calculated using the inverse dynamics method. The t-test was used to determine the significance of motion kinetic difference of the two different groups. The results presented that the shuttlecock speed of the skilled player group, during the overhead standing smash, showed a significant difference. Meanwhile, the joint motion of the inferior shoulder force, shoulder anterior force, shoulder internal rotation torque, shoulder horizontal abduction torque, elbow anterior force, and wrist flexion torque were higher in the skilled players group than the unskilled player group.
Critérios de seleção de patologias para investigação em Saúde
Authors: Silvério Marques Pedro
Published: September 2021

We try to identify the criteria leading to the selection for investigation of certain pathologies. Its goal is to verify whether these criteria are adequate to the global health research needs and respond to the main global public health problems. We tried to confront what the published scientific information says with our own experience as a member of the Ethics Committee for Clinical Research. Most of the open access repositories consulted, refers, mostly, to specific pathologies, with few references to priorities or selection of priorities. The EuropePMC search engine, the most significant of which we have found, identifies nearly 40.000 entries. We analyzed some of the articles by the ethical, methodological approach to medical research and its priorities, namely, patient participation. Interactions between antiretroviral drugs and injecting drug use and the inclusion of drug user patients in clinical trials where only be investigated by pharmaceutical companies (and the researchers themselves), with the confrontation and pressure from the main Community Advisory Boards (CAB), in particular European CAB. The selection and arbitration between pathologies for research does not seem, comparatively, to raise interest on the part of researchers and the Academy. The research funders define the financeable areas. In pharmaceutical companies, it is the economic return, with little interest and social impact of the research results. Diseases in low-resource or rare countries and regions are not an interesting market. Multilateral organizations and global foundations have been responsible for prioritizing funding for research in areas of greatest global and social impact.
O papel do Poder Local no combate à pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Dias Pereira André
Published: September 2021

This work analyzes the impact of the restrictions caused by COVID-19 on the functioning of local democracy and participatory democracy, addressing the effects of the COVID-19 legislation on public employment, local finance, public procurement and the digitization of public administration; analyzes the territorial and institutional cooperation that took place between the municipalities and the State power, the National Health Service and the local Authorities. In the end, it considers the risks and potentialities that may be associated with the recovery phase, leaving an alert to the dangers of lack of budgetary control in municipalities and in the municipal enterprises sector, to the importance of combating the risks of corruption associated with this phase with solid measures capable of ensuring sustainable and transparent governance, and the need to turn recovery into an opportunity to ensure the effective implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals in municipalities.
Cultural Education: Panacea or Amplifier of Existing Inequalities in Political Engagement?
Authors: Fobel Lea , Kolleck Nina
Published: September 2021

Cultural education has recently been particularly emphasized as key for the promotion of equal opportunities, social cohesion and political engagement. While the relationship between political engagement and formal education has been extensively discussed, little research has been conducted on non‐formal types of education, such as non‐formal cultural education (NCE) in particular. However, the share of NCE programmes is becoming increasingly important as more and more formal institutions are reducing their cultural education programmes. This article examines, firstly, whether NCE actually promotes political engagement and, secondly, who effectively participates in NCE programmes. Using data from the eighth wave (2016–2017) of the German National Educational Panel Study, we implement a mediation analysis within ordered logistic regression models to disentangle the mechanisms at play. Our results indicate that NCE exerts a small but significant effect on political engagement directly and indirectly via political discussions and political interest. However, participation in NCE is strongly influenced by social strata. The advantages of NCE are therefore not evenly distributed across the German population.
“You Can Make a Difference”: Teachers’ Agency in Addressing Social Differences in the Student Body
Authors: Behrmann Laura
Published: September 2021

Teachers are key players in transforming the education system (van der Heijden et al., 2015). They shape educational processes, influence school policies, and make day‐to‐day decisions that have a direct effect on students (Vähäsantanen, 2015). Yet we currently know very little about whether they can contribute to the creation of social equality of opportunity. This article focuses by way of example on the experiences and interpretative schemes of teachers in Germany, as the country is known for its highly selective school system. It draws on data from an exploratory study based on 20 narrative interviews (Rosenthal, 2018) with schoolteachers at three comprehensive schools in East and West Germany, which were selected because comprehensive schools in Germany see themselves as a more equal‐opportunity form of education. The article begins by identifying four types of teacher action orientations in addressing the social differences of schoolchildren. Unexpectedly, only a few teachers exhibited a socially conscious inclination to act—for example, by providing targeted support to schoolchildren from socially disadvantaged households. In the second step, by comparing teacher biographies, school environments, and historical imprints, the article attempts to identify certain conditions under which teachers perceive themselves as responsible for addressing social differences among students. Beyond illustrating the interplay of biographical experiences and school culture, the study’s east–west contextualization opens up a new perspective for examining the lingering implications of the German half‐day schooling model even after the introduction of all‐day schooling in 2003. One possible conclusion is that the transformation of the German school system from a half‐day to an all‐day model has not taken the tasks of teachers into account, which, as this article points out, would be important in making them aware of schoolchildren’s different social backgrounds and their effects on achievement.
Enfrentamento à COVID-19 em uma regional de saúde de Pernambuco, Brasil: uma análise documental
Authors: Da Rocha Cabral Luciana , Vasconcelos Grageiro Mikaelly , Auxiliadora Alves Vaconcelos Veras Maria , Da Rocha Cabral Juliana , Gomes Rocha Cavalcante Edilma , Célia de Oliveira Regina
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: Realizar uma análise de revisão documental de normativas tangenciais do Estado de Pernambuco e da União que permitiram a reorganização dos serviços de saúde para o enfrentamento da COVID-19. Método: Estudo descritivo, de análise documental das normativas legais, pertencentes aos municípios da VII Gerência Região de Saúde de Pernambuco. Utilizou-se análise de Bandin. Resultado: Houve agrupamento de duas categorias: planejamento para o enfrentamento de uma emergência de saúde pública de caráter internacional e repasse financeiro para o fortalecimento das ações de combate à COVID-19. Discussão: Houve destaque para distanciamento social, uso de máscara e ampliação de leitos hospitalares. Foram demandados esforços tripartites de (co)gestão e (co)financiamento. Conclusão: Diante dessa situação de emergência ainda não finalizada é possível prever certo potencial da reorganização, por meio do arcabouço legal e experiência no estado e municípios.
Fatores associados aos óbitos e ataques de tubarão: um estudo transversal
Authors: Michelle Tenório de Vasconcelos Larissa , Gomes Borba Halerrandro , Miguel Galindo Neto Nelson , Silva Alexandre Ana Carla , Lourenço de Araújo Veras Juliana , Elizabeth Gomes de Medeiros Sílvia
Published: September 2021

Objetivo: avaliar os fatores associados aos óbitos e ataques de tubarão no Brasil. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado mediante acesso virtual ao website do Global Shark Attack File. A análise foi realizada no programa R, a partir de estatística descritiva e dos testes de Qui-quadrado de Pearson e Teste Exato de Fisher. Resultados: ocorreram 86 ataques, dos quais 26 (30,2%) resultaram em óbito. Foi encontrada associação entre a ocorrência de ataque com o ano, estado, região, dia da semana, turno e espécie do tubarão, além da faixa etária, sexo da vítima e local do corpo acometido. Nenhuma variável apresentou associação com o óbito. O estado de Pernambuco computou o maior número de ataques (83,7%) e óbitos (96,2%). Conclusão: os ataques de tubarão estiveram associados com nove variáveis: três de caracterização da vítima e seis do perfil do acidente. Os óbitos não apresentaram associação significativa.
NONLINEAR PROBLEM OF INTERFACE CRACK BEHAVIOR UNDER THE ACTION OF SHEARING WAVE
Authors: Menshykov A. V. , Menshykov V. A. , Kladova O. Yu.
Published: September 2021

Solution of the problem for an interface crack under the action of a harmonic shear wave is presented. It is shown that the same problems solutions of other authors were performed without taking into account the crack faces contact, and results obtained indicate the interpenetration of the faces, that is not possible. Thus, it is proved that the problem is nonlinear because the positions and sizes of the contact zone are unknown and variable during the loading. The solution is obtained by the boundary integral equations method taking into account the contact interaction of the crack faces: using the Somigliana dynamic identity and the boundary equations arising from them, the transition from the two-dimensional problem to the equivalent problem at the boundaries of the domain is realized; the vector components in the boundary integral equations are presented by Fourier series, to prevent the interpenetration of the crack faces and the emergence of tensile forces in the contact zone the Signorini unilateral constraints are involved. The numerical solution is performed by the method of boundary elements with constant approximation of the problem parameters on an element. Numerical researches of the shear wave frequency influence onto the crack faces and adjoining surface displacements, opening and extent of crack faces contact zone are carried out. The quantitative difference between the maximum tangential and normal components of adhesion line and the crack faces displacements is shown. It is shown that the position and length of the contact area change during the load period, and the magnitudes of the contact forces vary along the crack length.
REGULARIZATION OF SOME PERTURBED INTEGRAL OPERATORS IN THE SPACES Lp
Authors: Neagu Vasile
Published: September 2021

The article presents some generalizations and refinements of the article [1]: examples of integral (non-compact) operators with point wise singularities which are admissible perturbations of the Noetherian operators are constructed; a connection between the regularizes of the perturbed and original operators is established and the equality between the indices of the perturbed and the original operators is proved. The presented results are based on the formulas obtained in this paper for the composition of an operator with the Cauchy kernel and the operators with point wise singularities.
Self-evident truths in a modern interpretation
Authors: Novoseltsev A. Yu. , Stepanyugin K. V.
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the problematic issues of interpretation of such conceptual concepts as human rights and democracy. According to the authors the Western interpretation of the humanitarian agenda has an independent competing alternative.
Advisory competence on international law of the International Court of Justice: theoretical and practical issues
Authors: Him Huu Phuoc , Nguyen Thi Kim Kook
Published: September 2021

This article analyses, clarifi es the theoretical and practical issues of the advisory capacity of the International Court of Justice. Thereby, highlighting the role of the International Court of Justice in the development compliance and enforcement of international law from 1945 to now. Keywords: Jurisdiction, advisory opinion, International Court of Justice, international law.
Specific nature of intercultural professional communication of members of Russian and Chinese legal cultures
Authors: Budennaya S. Y.
Published: September 2021

The article dwells on specifi c nature of professional dialogue of Russian and Chinese lawyers with an emphasis on sociocultural differences arising in communication within the framework of intercultural legal space. The potential of the English language as a common code of communication for members of legal profession of the two states is analyzed. The author concludes that it is necessary to take into consideration sociocultural component in teaching lawyers intercultural professional communication.
Waveform modeling of strong-motion data for the Saguenay earthquake of 25 November 1988
Authors: Haddon R. A. W.
Published: September 2021

The magnitude 6.0 Saguenay earthquake of 25 November 1988, in Quebec, Canada, was one of the largest recorded in eastern North America (ENA) during the past 50 years, and it has provided important high-quality data for estimation of earthquake hazard in ENA. Ground motions for the event recorded by both Eastern Canadian Telemetered, and Strong Motion, Networks were anomalously large and unexpectedly rich in high-frequency energy, as compared with most other events having the same mb or moment magnitudes. Displacement waveforms derived from the eastern Canadian strong-motion acceleration data have been modeled in detail in an attempt to explain these anomalies. The modeling has provided strong evidence that the surface on which the faulting occurred is relatively long and narrow, with its long axis nearly horizontal and situated immediately above an internal crustal discontinuity that lies at a depth of about 30 km; the faulting process was essentially antiplane and unilateral, with the crack starting at the northwest end of the long axis and propagating in the negative strike direction towards the southeast; and slip durations at individual points on the fault were short (of the order of 0.2 sec) compared with the time taken for the crack to propagate from its starting point to the far end of the fault (about 2.5 sec in the model). The inferred short slip durations are consistent with the inferred fault geometry, and both are consistent with “normal” static and dynamic stress drops (i.e., within a factor of 2 of 100 bars). The narrow elongate fault geometry and associated short slip durations are responsible for the enhanced high-frequency radiation (as compared with “normal” events having the same seismic moment release). The associated spectra differ greatly from that of the Brune spectral model, with the former having at least two corner frequencies, whereas the latter has only one.

The unilateral fault propagation resulted in a strong azimuthal variation of waveform characteristics, with the largest amplitudes and shortest durations concentrated towards the south and southeast and the smallest amplitudes and longest durations in the opposite directions. As the majority of strong-motion instruments and closer ECTN stations were located within the former azimuthal range, the anomalous high-frequency content and large observed amplitudes are accentuated by the station distribution with respect to the directivity characteristics of the source. Another significant factor likely to have contributed to the observed peak amplitudes, at least in some instances, is an indicated superposition of direct waves from the source with reflections from the inferred mid-crustal discontinuity. Elongate source geometry and associated effects such as those described above may not be uncommon for large thrust intraplate earthquakes and may have significant design implications for critical structures such as nuclear power plants.
Systematic difference in the ISC body-wave magnitude-seismic moment relationship between intermediate and deep earthquakes
Authors: Kuge Keiko
Published: September 2021

There exists a systematic difference in the ISC body-wave magnitude (mbISC) - seismic moment (M0) relationship between intermediate and deep earthquakes around Japan. For earthquakes with the same M0, the mbISC for intermediate events is larger than that for deep events by 0.2 to 0.3 units. The mbISC discrepancy is attributed to the depth-distance correction in the procedure for determining the mbISC; a larger depth-distance correction (≈ 0.2) is made for the intermediate events than the deep events, irrespective of station distance. The discrepancy disappears if no depth-distance correction is made. I observe no depth-dependent relationship between the M0 and the JMA magnitudes (MJMA), which make a different depth-distance correction. No significant depth-dependent mbISC discrepancy appears in other regions; for example, around Tonga, I observe larger ISC P-wave amplitudes from deep events than intermediate events, which could cancel the effect of the depth-distance correction. The depth-dependent mbISC - M0 relationship around Japan is observed irrespective of whether the magnitudes are determined using the amplitude data at far or near stations, or whether stations are used in the dipping direction of the slab or not. The mbISC discrepancy for the same M0 cannot arise from local structures, radiation patterns, and station coverages. This is not attributable to the dataset of the M0 itself because no significant depth-dependent relationship between M0 and MJMA is observed.
The role of elastic, undrained, and drained responses in triggering earthquakes at Monticello Reservoir, South Carolina
Authors: Rajendran Kusala , Talwani Pradeep
Published: September 2021

Following reservoir impoundment, stress changes occur due to elastic response and changes in pore pressure due to drained and undrained responses of the substratum. Elastic response may stabilize or destabilize the reservoir environment, depending on the nature of pre-existing stress field. However, the increase in pore pressure always leads to weakening of the rocks, facilitating the onset of seismicity. In most reservoirs, we usually observe the coupled poroelastic effect, and it is usually difficult to isolate individual contributions.

Due to the availability of detailed seismicity and geological and in situ stress data at Monticello Reservoir, it was possible to study various factors that control the mechanism of reservoir-induced seismicity. Our results suggest that, during the filling period, the instability resulted from elastic, undrained, and possibly onset of drained response. Subsequently, the seismicity showed a more consistent pattern associated with diffusion of pore pressure.
The shape of ground motion attenuation curves in southeastern Canada
Authors: Atkinson Gail M. , Mereu Robert F.
Published: September 2021

The shape of the attenuation curve of the Fourier spectrum of acceleration is established for southeastern Canada from empirical data. The dataset is comprised of 1200 digital vertical-component seismograms, from 100 earthquakes recorded on 30 stations of the Eastern Canada Telemetered Network. The distance range of the observations is 10 to 1700 km; focal depths are from 5 to 30 km.

Results indicate that the attenuation curve has three distinct sections. At distances less than 70 km, corresponding to attenuation of the direct wave, amplitudes decay slightly more rapidly than 1/R (R−1.1). Between 70 and 130 km, where the direct wave is joined by SmS, spectral amplitudes are approximately constant. Beyond 130 km, corresponding to the Lg phase, amplitudes decay at a rate that is consistent with R−0.5 and Q = 670 f0.33. The findings support the hypothesis of Burger et al. (1987), that postcritical reflections from the Moho discontinuity play an important role in determining the shape of the attenuation curve. However, the influence of SmS is subtle, allowing the shape to be approximated by simple functional forms. For example, the commonly assumed bilinear form (R−1, R−0.5, with frequency-dependent Q) fits well if the transition from direct wave to Lg spreading is placed at approximately 60 km. A linear form (R−1 over all distances, with constant Q = 2000) also provides a satisfactory fit overall. We find little evidence for the dependence of attenuation on focal depth or tectonic province.
T-phase data and regional tsunamigenesis in Japan
Authors: Hiyoshi Yoshihisa , Walker Daniel A. , McCreery Charles S.
Published: September 2021

Good correlations are found between T-phase spectral strengths and seismic moments for large earthquakes off the coasts of northern and central Honshu, Japan. Also, earthquakes from these areas which generated regional tsunamis in Japan have larger seismic moments and T-phase spectral strengths over the frequency range of 10 to 35 Hz than nontsunamigenic earthquakes with similar source locations. These findings are consistent with earlier observations of T phases from tsunamigenic and nontsunamigenic earthquakes near Alaska and the Aleutian Islands (Walker et al., 1992) and suggest that T-phase data may be useful in improving the reliability of tsunami warning systems.
Seismic velocity structure and event relocation in Kazakhstan from secondary P phases
Authors: Quin H. R. , Thurber C. H.
Published: September 2021

Three-component seismic data from a set of presumed explosions recorded by stations at Bayanaul and Karkaralinsk in Kazakhstan were analyzed in order to model the crustal structure of the region and to examine the use of the arrival times of secondary P phases, primarily PmP, in regional event location. Polarization analysis aided in the identification of the secondary phases. Low-pass filtered data (4-Hz corner) from the first 5 to 10 sec of 13 presumed explosions were modeled with the reflectivity method. The two chemical explosions in 1987 provided a check on accuracy, as their locations and origin times are accurately known. A good fit to the arrival times and amplitudes in the first 5 sec of the P wave (Pn, Pg, and PmP) was obtained in the epicentral distance range of 100 to 300 km. Beyond 300 km, the simple layered model was not adequate to model the PmP arrival.

The crustal P-wave velocity model we derived has an upper crustal velocity increasing fairly rapidly from 4.5 km/sec near the surface to 6.5 km/sec at 15-km depth, then increasing more slowly to 7.05 km/sec at 50-km depth. The observed difference in the arrival times of the phases Pg, PmP, and Pn in the range between 100- and 250-km distance required a relatively sharp transition at the crust mantle boundary. The model is generally similar to previous estimates of P velocity structure in the region, though with a gentler gradient in the upper crust and a steeper gradient in the lower crust. We used the derived crustal model and the primary and secondary P-wave arrival times to relocate events in the Kazakhstan region. Inclusion of the phase PmP substantially decreases the focal depth uncertainty for many of the events. All but one of the events analyzed are concluded to be surface explosions; the identity of the remaining event is uncertain.
Impact of broadband seismology on the understanding of strong motions
Authors: Helmberger Don , Dreger Douglas , Stead Richard , Kanamori Hiroo
Published: September 2021

Most analyses of strong motion attenuation assume simple whole-space type geometrical spreading, namely (1/R) or its modified form e−kR/R. However, broadband data presently becoming available suggests a more complex behavior with substantial crustal effects. Events such as the Sierra Madre event, M = 5.8, triggered the strong motion channels at all of the TERRAscope stations allowing for 0.01-sec sampling of the wavefield. We find that most of the well-defined crustal bodywave arrivals defined and modeled in the 1 to 0.1-hz bandpass also contain high-frequency energy. By comparing the triggered channels with the continuous channels we see that several of the more distant stations triggered on the depth phase sPmP. These phases as well as the depth phase sSmS are obvious in velocity and quite apparent in accelerations. Our best models for Southern California contain a relatively thick low-velocity layer at the surface, roughly 5 km thick with shear velocities below 3 km/sec. This layer or zone, because it appears to vary considerably, controls the wavefield at nearly all frequencies out to about 60 km and yields attenuation decay faster than (1/R). At large ranges the lower crustal triplications dominate and the attenuation curve flattens. Adding random scatters to these layered models adds additional complexity but does not alter the basic flat-layer predictions.
A relative magnitude model for measurements of Soviet underground nuclear explosions from regional stations
Authors: Anderson Kevin K. , Nicholson Wesley L.
Published: September 2021

Recent research has shown the stability of root-mean-square Lg measurements for the accurate estimation of yields of Soviet underground nuclear explosions. Hansen, Ringdal, and Richards (1990) presented log-rms Lg data for 16 well-recorded Soviet underground nuclear explosions from eight seismic stations in Norway, the USSR, and China and a worldwide mb measurement for the same events. These data were analyzed using a relative magnitude model in which the parameters represent relative or normalized versions of the station intercepts, slopes and log-yields from the usual seismic magnitude / yield relationship. These normalized parameters are estimable without yield data and are simple transformations of the actual station intercepts, station slopes, and log-yields.

Relative magnitude modeling permits comparisons of the seismic magnitude / yield relationships of the individual stations and the worldwide mb measurements without yield data. The slope at the China Digital Seismograph Network station Hailar was found to be significantly different from that of the other stations in the study. The residual analysis estimated the precision of the log-rms Lg measurements of well-recorded explosions to be 0.0279 in magnitude units, which is in agreement with the findings of Hansen, Ringdal, and Richards (1990).
On the decoupling of surficial sediments from surrounding geology at Mexico City
Authors: Bard Pierre-Yves , Chávez-García Francisco J.
Published: September 2021

The geotechnical conditions at Mexico City suggest strongly the idea of decoupling the vertical resonance of the thin, very soft, clay layer at the surface, from the two-dimensional (2-D) effects of a much stiffer underlying sedimentary valley. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether numerical modeling supports this idea. This problem has also a bearing on the contradiction between the extent of local models usually assumed by seismologists and those considered by geotechnical engineers. We present results of 1-D models and of two different approaches to a 2-D modeling in an effort to explore the extent of local geology that must be considered in evaluating site effects at Mexico City. Our results indicate that there is a significant degree of coupling between the surficial clay layer and the underlying sediments, despite the extremely large impedance contrast. As a consequence, a full 1-D analysis gives better results than a 2-D “decoupled” one. It is also shown that deeper layers affect significantly ground motion at the surface. Thus, a simplified 1-D model that would consider only the uppermost very soft layers would be wrong in its prediction of surface motion by a factor about 3 both in frequency and time domains.