bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of spatial surface energy fluxes and actual evapotranspiration over Ghataprabha river basin using remote sensing data
Authors: Bangi Shashank C. , Soraganvi Veena S.
Published: December 2023

Accurately measuring Actual Evapotranspiration (AET) in spatial scale is a crucial yet challenging task within the hydrological cycle, playing a pivotal role in determining the water requirements of diverse crops. Consequently, precise estimation of Evapotranspiration (ET) at a spatial scale is imperative for regions characterized by arid and semiarid conditions, such as the Ghataprabha river basin. In current study, actual evapotranspiration was estimated using SEBAL algorithm utilizing Landsat-8 satellite data and meteorological data, focusing on the Ghataprabha river basin situated in Karnataka, India. The paper also presents the spatial divergence of Surface Energy Fluxes and Actual Evapotranspiration in correlation with various land use and land cover patterns within the study region. Notably, the ET fraction derived from the SEBAL algorithm demonstrates a commendable correlation with the ET fraction derived from EEFlux (R2= 0.9). As a result, this study highlights the significance of accurately capturing surface energy fluxes and actual evapotranspiration within heterogeneous field conditions in regional scale.
Implementation of Cement-based nano composite Energy Absorption Damper to improve the damping properties of concrete and monitoring applications
Authors: Jalgar Sandhya R. , Hunashyal A.M. , Roopa A.K. , Umarfarooq M.A. , Mathad S.N. , Dhaduti Madhumati S.
Published: December 2023

The energy from the moving seismic waves through a building structure is dispersed by means of dampers. Dampers work by converting the kinetic energy into heat energy, dissipating it into the hydraulic fluid. Damper systems are designed and manufactured to protect structural integrity, reduce structural damage, and prevent injury to people by absorbing energy from earthquakes and minimizing structural deformations. The most effective way to achieve good vibration damping is by tailoring the construction materials such as cement with nanomaterials like Silica, Alumina, Graphene, CNTs, etc. This paper focuses on developing a vibration damper, prepared by cement nanocomposite containing MWCNTs and Carbon fibers. The tests, such as the Impact, Flexural, and Compressive strength tests, are conducted to investigate their energy-absorbing capacity, strength, and durability. The microstructural analysis SEM is performed to know the morphology of concrete mix with MWCNTs and Carbon fibers on damping mechanism. Impact test results indicate that the beams without MWCNTs and CFs exhibited an average energy absorption of 248 J, while those with MWCNTs and CFs absorbed an average energy of 262 J which shows almost 15% more energy absorption. Adding nanomaterials in a cement matrix improves concrete’s frictional damping energy consumption ability and increases structures’ energy-absorbing properties, flexural strength, and compressive strength.
Blending Recycled Course Aggregates from Construction and Demolition Waste in Construction of Roads: A Plausible Solution for Effective CDW Management In India
Authors: Narasimha K.N. , Yadwad A.M. , Lakshminarasimaiah N. , J Dharanish , R Bheemraj , K H Preethi
Published: December 2023

The Construction and Demolition Waste Management is one of most ignored sectors in India even though the construction industry in boom within the developing economy contributing up to 25.92% of GDP. The rapid growth does not necessarily reveal the development unless the sustainable practices are adopted in Construction and Demolition Waste Management. Out of 150Million Tonnes being generated annually, a meager 6500Tonnes is being managed accounting to 1.3%. The present study elaborates the possibility of using the Construction and Demolition Waste in pavements/roads without any compromise in the quality of roads. Using such wastes can benefit the nation at large scales not alone economically but also environmentally thereby reducing the air pollution associated with the dusts liberated in the activities of construction and demolition. The average road construction in India is around 33km/day and usage of wastes in road indicates a saving of about Rs.904.50 Lakhs at Rs.28.50Lakhs per km. The savings are computed by considering the blending of Recycled Aggregates to an extent of 25% in concrete as per clause 4.2.1 of IS383:2016. These wastes can benefit the country at large by harnessing with latest technologies available.
Features of structure formation in crumb rubber modified bitumen
Authors: Obukhova Svetlana , Budkina Angelina
Published: December 2023

The research is devoted to developing the science-based technological solution for obtaining crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) with improved stability. The technological solution provides a preliminary process of devulcanization of crumb rubber in hydrocarbon plasticizer in the presence of stabilizing agent and subsequent preparation of CRMB. Using fluorescent microscopy, it was established that the formation of a branched structure of crumb rubber is achieved in the waste industrial oil, indicating devulcanization processes. It was found that the most compatible with crumb rubber is a hydrocarbon plasticizer with a high content of naphthenic oil. Synthetic wax was found to be of greater interest as a stabilizing agent, and its application in an amount of 3% allows the formation of a stable CRMB structure and stabilizes the devulcanization process. The test results of obtained CRMB showed that their viscosity corresponds to the requirements for PG bitumen
Bond strength of granulated foam glass with binder in foam glass concrete
Authors: Panchenko Alexander Ivanovich , Mikhailov Vladislav Andreyevich
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the contact zone between the binder material, foam glass and its analogues such as block foam glass and sheet glass, using the detachment method. Data is presented on the detachment pattern and bond strength between the foam glass and the binder material, which in turn allows the quality of the contact zone to be assessed.

The results of research on the use of such binders as cement, gypsum and modified gypsum binder with the addition of amorphous silica and lime in foam glass concrete are presented. It is shown that the use of modified gypsum binder significantly increases the strength of bond of the aggregate (granulated foam glass) with the binder.

The obtained data can be used to improve the quality of the contact zone and, as a consequence, to increase the quality of expanded glass concrete.
Geocomposites on the basis of geomeshes for road and bridge construction
Authors: Chizhikov Ilya , Fazilova Zulfiya
Published: December 2023

Geosynthetic structures are widely used to prevent destructive anti-erosion, anti-landslide processes in transportation construction. The purpose of this work is to develop a transport structural protective layer with high strength characteristics and the preservation of drainage and anti-erosion properties due to the formation of a flexible volume membrane structure. This structure can also be utilized as a crushed stone layer of a multilayer structure for construction of a transportation section with variable stiffness. The protective layer is formed by adding a polymer binder into the composition of a structural layer, consisting of grain elements. The produced geocomposite is made of layers with different functional properties that ensure its high homogeneous properties in porosity, strength, density, drainage and anti-erosion capacity, self-cleaning tendency, and long service life.
The influence of stone powder origin and superplasticizer type in the drying shrinkage of RPC
Authors: Korotkikh Dmitrii , Kapustin Dmitrii , Panikin Dmitrii
Published: December 2023

In the presented study, the combined effect of stone powder from mineral rocks (basic and acidic) and superplasticizers (naphthaleneand polycarboxylate-based) on drying shrinkage processes and moisture loss in Reactive Powder Concrete (RPC) is considered. Due to the peculiarities of the RPC structure, the moisture shrinkage is not restrained by the coarse skeleton and is completely determined by the characteristics of a hardening cement matrix modified with mineral additives. The paper shows that the balance of forces of internal interaction in the solid and liquid phases during the formation of the cement matrix is greatly influenced by stone powder and its origin. It has been established that the shrinkage of the RPCs with NF-based Polyplast SP-1 is higher than with PCB-based Glenium Ace 30. It was also found that shrinkage processes in RPC containing stone powder from granite and quartz sand do not always correspond to the internal moisture loss rate. Perhaps, due to the high strength of the RPC with stone powder from the listed rocks, a resistance to volumetric change increases during moisture loss, which in turn leads to a decrease in shrinkage deformations.
Mechanization and automation of the process of making concrete mixes
Authors: Kaitukov Batraz Amurkhanovich
Published: December 2023

The article addresses the problem of the quality improvement in respect of the concrete mix preparation in the context of intensive mechanization and automation. The co-authors suggest new processes to improve the performance reliability of the operating element of a mixer through the improvement of the wear resistance of its blades. The build-up of the wear-proof layer has boosted the durability of the components of the operating element of a mixer. The logical relationship between the mechanized and automated operations enabled the co-authors to adjust the optimal composition of the concrete mix. The use of composition adjusting devices, operating in the automatic mode, has substantially optimized the process of batching the mix components and the water content in the concrete mix. The co-authors provide a diagram describing the dependence between the mean square value of the outgoing signal of vibration acceleration and the mixing time until the mix is ready. The co-authors have identified that the higher the moisture content, the smaller the mixing time, and, hence, the higher the capacity of a mixer. A hybrid approach to the mix quality improvement has also reduced the operating expenses.
Modified dry construction mixture for additive technologies
Authors: Shvachev Dmitry , Borisenko Yuri , Vorobyev Dmitry , Kornienko Vyacheslav
Published: December 2023

The article briefly considers the process of construction methods development, naturally turning into modern additive technologies. The main problems of construction 3D printing are formulated. The results of laboratory studies of a dry building mix based on cement with the addition of sunflower ash are presented. The most efficient technology for mixing components has been proposed, the compositions of modified mixtures have been developed. Regularities of the effect of ash concentration on the rate of hardening and strength characteristics of the specimens have been established. The optimal content of the modifying additive from ash has been established, further ways of researching the material for additive building technologies have been proposed.
Ensuring safety during the demolition and dismantling of buildings
Authors: Kuzhin Marat
Published: December 2023

In the presented study, an analysis of issues related to the technology of construction processes during the demolition and dismantling was carried out. The article provides a technical and economic analysis of the technologies for performing work during the demolition and dismantling of buildings and structures. Demolition and dismantling operations are extremely dangerous to the life and health of those involved in the liquidation of the facility, as well as to residents living or located in close proximity to the construction site, and may also pose a risk of harm to the environment, personal and corporate personal and real property, persons, and engineering infrastructure. Therefore, to ensure the safety of the work to be carried out, it is necessary to have a set of standards that establish rules for the organizational and technical documentation design for demolition and dismantling, the execution of work during the liquidation of facilities, and strict control over the implementation of technology and safety. One of the most common hazardous production factors is the falling of objects from buildings and also the falling of workers from the installation horizon. An effective solution to this problem is to use protective catch systems that prevent falling objects.
Improving the systems for surface runoff treatment
Authors: Primin Oleg , Khudiakova Dar’ia
Published: December 2023

The issues of improving the treatment of surface runoff (SRO), generated on the territory of communities of various functionality, in particular, the design of flow-type local facilities for surface runoff treatment are considered. It is noted that SRO generated on the territory of cities and communities is an intensive source of technogenic pollution of water bodies and affect the ecological safety of the urban environment. Herewith, to the front burner go the issues of developing advanced process systems for SRO treatment that provide for applying the latest developments of the sectoral research; as well as of upgrading the existing process schemes for SRO treatment, with account of the new approaches to the regulation of the pollution discharge into water bodies. The paper discusses the principle of decentralization of surface runoff treatment systems using biological treatment facilities. Based on experimental studies of the SRO composition the paper presents a list of the priority pollution indicators needed for designing SRO treatment systems. The recommended classification of flow-type SRO treatment facilities widely used in the engineering design, is given. The paper describes a new design of a flow-type SRO treatment plant developed as a result of the experimental studies with real SRO with a utility patent obtained.
Bioaugmentation in wastewater treatment: Features of technology and automation
Authors: Shilkina Svetlana , Baraboshkina Anastasia
Published: December 2023

The growth of the population of our planet, especially in cities, brings to the fore the problem of waste disposal, both solid and liquid. In the US and Europe alone, residents annually produce about 67 billion cubic meters of wastewater requiring treatment. For each type of waste, many processes and methods for their neutralization have been developed in the world practice. For wastewater treatment, bioaugmentation is currently the most common method, it is also widely used in soil bioremediation and air biofiltration. However, it should be borne in mind that there is no single component that allows cleaning from any impurities. In each individual case, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive analysis of environmental parameters, composition of pollutants, available technologies and other conditions. And although there is no universal mechanism for bioaugmentation, the developed processes allow you to choose an algorithm for almost every specific task. But with any chosen algorithm of operation, the implementation of an automated control system should be a mandatory part of the process. Optimization of the wastewater treatment process allows not only to protect the environment, but also often leads to the efficient use of chemicals, reducing the amount of solid waste, and reducing energy consumption. Therefore, wastewater treatment plant controls used to monitor and control wastewater treatment plants are becoming absolutely essential in today’s world.
Survey methods for seaport waterworks on the example of the Balaklava Bay objects
Authors: Filippov Vladislav , Galimov Ilya , Markov Aleksandr , Chereshnev Vladimir
Published: December 2023

The article reflects materials on modern advanced methods of surveying the existing mooring and shore protection structures of the Balaklava Bay of the Republic of Crimea. The main purpose of the survey was to determine the technical condition and the actual bearing capacity of hydraulic structures, taking into account the existing physical wear. Article discusses the issues and problems of engineering survey and information modeling of marine port hydraulic structures using the example of existing objects. The application of such modern methods of inspection of hydraulic structures as sonar areal survey, ultrasonic thickness measurement, geo-radar study, seismic acoustic study of the depth of immersion of piles, underwater survey by means of remotely operated underwater vehicles is illustrated and analysed in present article. The experience of creating digital counterparts of port hydraulic structures using modern domestic software is considered. In the course of the work performed, it was confirmed that the exceptionally completeness and versatility of field research using modern equipment, as well as mathematical modeling in software and computing complexes, taking into account actual physical wear, can contribute to obtaining real reliable information about the available reserves of bearing capacity, durability and safety of the studied structures.
Economic regression model of rational use of renewable natural energy resources
Authors: Namitulina Anzhela Zahitovna , Gorlov Viktor Vladimirovich , Azhmuratova Madina Azhmambetovna , Gladilina Irina Petrovna , Sergeeva Svetlana Alexandrovna
Published: December 2023

The stage of the crisis in the use of energy resources is the main aspect of the development of an economic model for the rational use of energy resources. The scientific approach of rational economic development to develop regression models of energy conservation is necessary for economic growth and is associated with ecosystem and climate change, these are the reasons for reducing resource use. The modern energy scenario from a global point of view should include regression models for optimizing the main renewable energy sources. The components of such energy management models should reduce costs and include environmental benefits. New energy sources are the baseline for our regression model. New and renewable energy sources include geothermal, wind, solar and others. The main role in the development of such models is played by the possibility of introducing an ecological balance, as well as calculations for the optimization and rational use of renewable energy sources using natural resources.
Reinforcing earth foundations with geosynthetic materials
Authors: Ponomarev Andrey Budimirovich , Ivanova Tatiana Viktorovna
Published: December 2023

The article gives key terms and definitions of geosynthetic materials currently used in construction, namely for reinforcement of earth foundations. Primary functions and types of geosynthetic materials are shown. Most part of the article is dedicated to the results obtained by various researchers. Reinforcement by geosynthetic materials is described for sandy and loamy soils, soil bedding, fiber soil, karsted soil, and using geosynthetics in mollisols.
Quest - a variant of laboratory work “Investigation of the axial magnetic induction of a solenoid”
Authors: Parfentiev N.A. , Poyarkov I.V.
Published: December 2023

A variant of the laboratory work “Investigation of the axial magnetic induction of the solenoid” is given for the case when the solenoid is located in a separate block and its parameters are unknown. The results of calculations of axial induction of a solenoid with a different ratio of the length of the solenoid to the diameter are given. It is shown that the maximum of the derivative of axial induction in relative length corresponds to the physical end of the solenoid with sufficient accuracy for practice.An algorithm for determining the parameters of a solenoid based on experimental data on measuring the axial induction of the solenoid is described. Laboratory work has a character that orients students to independent research. Processing of digital data is carried out using the Excel program.
Hydrodynamics and stability of swirling flows in channels with solid walls
Authors: Akhmetov Vadim
Published: December 2023

The problem of swirling flow in an axisymmetric channel with solid walls is considered. The complete system of the Navier-Stokes equations in variables of stream function and vorticity was used to describe the hydrodynamics of the flow. The finite-difference relaxation method was used to calculate the main flow. The Poisson equation was solved by the method of incomplete reduction. The transfer equations were solved by the block iteration method. Calculation results are presented as streamlines. The main attention was paid to studying the formation of reverse flow zones in the axial region. The stability of the obtained calculated profiles was investigated by the method of small perturbations. The system of six differential equations was solved for complex amplitude functions by the Runge-Kutta method numerically. The stability of the calculated flows is studied. Growth rates and oscillation frequency of unstable perturbations are obtained. The calculation results show a significant effect of swirling on the stability of the flow. The areas ahead of the recirculation zones tend to be the most unstable. This fact shows the connection between the hydrodynamic instability of the flow and the phenomenon of vortex breakdown.
Determining the Removal of Harmful Substances During the Construction Period
Authors: Zhuravleva Anastasia , Dudina Anna
Published: December 2023

The construction industry is a fairly capacious consumer of various fuel and energy resources, the period of construction of buildings deserves special attention, which is comparable to the stage of operation in terms of average annual costs. A document containing maximum allowable emissions is mandatory for categories of enterprises, including construction industries, which, in the course of their work, pollute the atmosphere with emissions of various substances: combustion products, exhaust gases, dust, etc. The article assesses atmospheric air pollution with harmful substances from the operation of machines and mechanisms at the construction site during the construction of an apartment building. The values of harmful emissions by types of mechanization of construction works are considered. The maximum allowable total emissions into the atmosphere for the considered construction object were calculated in order to control the quality and composition of pollutants into the atmosphere from mechanized sources located at the construction site. The results of calculations of maximum allowable emissions make it possible to assess the level of impact on the atmospheric air. If the emission values are exceeded, monitoring of compliance with environmental pollution is introduced in order to take corrective measures to improve the environmental situation.
Methodological approaches to the assessment of public opinion during the overhaul of apartment buildings
Authors: Kornilova Anna , Ermakov Valentin , Baulin Aleksey
Published: December 2023

In the article, using the example of a survey of residents of apartment houses (AH) on the quality of capital repairs, methodological approaches to assessing public opinion are considered. Processing the results of the survey showed that the definition of the coefficient of concordance is insufficient. It is shown that in order to assess the reliability of surveys conducted by the Delphi method, one should focus on achieving a greater confidence probability, and not on the value of the concordance coefficient. The survey showed that the priority factor for residents of apartment buildings of all ages and genders when assessing major repairs is the use of quality materials. For women of all ages, the issue of the cost of repairs was very important. Its importance for this group of respondents turned out to be almost at the level of the importance of the quality of materials. For the practical application of the results obtained, the weight coefficients of each studied factor were calculated for the total sample of respondents, which made it possible to create a methodology for express assessment of the quality of ongoing overhauls based on Harrington's verbal-numerical scales.
Physical and mechanical characteristics of fine-grained soils impregnated with acrylate-based hydrostructural resin
Authors: Solsky Stanislav , Mikhailov Mikhail
Published: December 2023

The information is given on the use of impregnation of fine-grained soils with acrylate-based hydrostructural resin for the creation of impervious elements of soil dams both as an independent impervious device and when repairing already existing ones. The results of specially set and performed complex laboratory tests of hydrogel on permeability in sandy loam, very fine, fine, and medium sands are analyzed; tests of obtained soil polymers on uniaxial compression at different impregnation temperatures are analyzed and discussed; single-plane shear and virgin compression; triaxial compression; injection of acrylate-based hydrostructural resin with viscosity from 7 to 16.2 mPa*s into sands of different particle size distribution (13 stands), through submerged injection tools. Some gaps in the study of the characteristics of formed soil polymers for use in hydraulic engineering construction have been revealed: there is insufficient data on their long-term filtration strength, the values of critical head gradients, the stability of characteristics in actual working conditions, and erosion resistance to surface cutting. Recommendations are given on the perspective application of acrylate-based hydrogel in hydraulic engineering construction, both for the creation of main impervious elements in the form of vertical or inclined diaphragms in the dam body, and additional repair of local impervious elements (impervious tampons), for example, in the joint area of adjacent columns of clay-cement-concrete diaphragms performed by the method of bored-section piles, or in the areas of adjoining impervious elements of other structures to concrete or slope piles.
Calculation of Fuel and Energy Resource Consumption during Building Demolition
Authors: Korol Elena , Dudina Anna
Published: December 2023

Currently, megalopolises and large cities are characterized by the processes of renovation of existing residential buildings of previous periods of construction, as a rule of lower number of storeys. The issue of energy consumption during the renovation of buildings in dense urban areas is complex and systemic in nature and covers all stages of the life cycle of the development of residential areas due to the fact that the existing residential development is interconnected with the existing system of engineering networks and communications. In this regard, construction production in the process of demolition of old buildings and construction of new apartment buildings is of a specific nature, which should involve rationing and regulation of the consumption of fuel and energy resources. The article discusses the features of work at the demolition stage in the process of renovation of residential buildings, taking into account the consumption of fuel and energy resources by the main consumers - means of mechanization. Using the example of a five-story panel residential building, the total energy consumption during demolition by mechanical collapse and element-by-element disassembly with the preservation of suitable materials was determined, and the relationship between these two options was established.
The settlement heritage in the development of urban real estate projects towards sustainability in Hanoi
Authors: Pham Thuy Linh
Published: December 2023

The settlement heritage in Vietnam was formed in the urban core and the green belt for a long period. When Vietnam's economy entered the Doi Moi phase in 1986, real estate was gradually considered as a high-value commodity for trading, investment and hoarding. In 1993, when the National Assembly passed the first Land Law and the Housing Ordinance, the wave of "land fever" had a strong impact and even put great pressure on the conservation of settled heritage. Therefore, there is a long-standing prejudice that the preservation of settlement heritage and the development of real estate are two conflicting, even mutually destructive tasks in urban planning, especially in the suburbs of Hanoi. The settlement heritage in suburban area usually included in a new urban planning map. So the development of the new urban area will destroy existing context and the settlement heritage itself. Those actions lead to an unstable development of urban and suburban structure. However, until recent years, when the concept of "Sustainable Cities" received much attention, especially when compared with actual case studies abroad, the role of Settlement Heritage Conservation Hanoi suburbs in real estate development need to be re-evaluated and considered from an objective scientific perspective, with a new vision and perspective, towards the goal of building a sustainable urban development.
Demolition by implosion technology of serene towers at Kochi, India
Authors: Joseph Anil , Anil Akhil , A Boominathan
Published: December 2023

In 2006, Maradu Panchayat granted building permits to Serene builders for two towers without Coastal Zone Management Authority approval, disregarding coastal guidelines. Construction began in 2007, featuring two 16-floor towers with 60 apartments, totalling 200,000 sq ft area. Due to soft topsoil, deep bored cast in-situ piles into dense sand at 45m depth were used as foundations. In 2008, a vigilance probe revealed rule violations. Builders obtained a court-ordered stay, and completed the project in 2010. After a prolonged legal battle, the Supreme Court deemed permissions illegal in 2019, instructing the government to demolish the towers. Controlled implosion with delayed detonation was chosen, despite challenges including proximity to backwaters, nearby houses, and a hotel complex. This paper discusses various preventive measures adopted to control blast impact and field vibration monitoring. Tower demolition occurred on January 11, 2020. Ground vibrations were measured using accelerometers placed on concrete blocks. For Tower 1, peak acceleration ranged from 4.92 to 14.18 m/s², while for Tower 2, it spanned 1.38 to 12.75 m/s². An attenuation relationship for peak particle velocity (PPV) was developed to assess damage potential in the surroundings. Vibrations impacts were found to be insignificant due to short duration and varying frequency content.
Influence of pedestrians` behavior on the scenario of urban streets public spaces functional zoning
Authors: Teplova Irina , Danilina Nina , Korobeynikova Anna
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the research issue of comfortable urban environment formation due to the development of pedestrian spaces of city streets. The purpose of this article is to find new approaches to the functional planning organization of pedestrian zones of city streets. The study is based on a systematic analysis of data from a full-scale survey of the existing condition of Moscow city streets. During the experimental study of 450 sections of pedestrian spaces of streets, 4 groups of object filling of the public space of a city street were identified for the use of the territory: transit movement, long stay, short-term stop, maintenance of street territories, and 4 scenarios of user behavior corresponding to them: movement, stop, stay and absence of action. A matrix of functional organization of public spaces of city streets has been developed, which determines the possibility of placing 8 microzones with various functions and object content on the territory of the public space of a city street, depending on the scenario of its use. Differentiation of the street area will improve the quality of the urban environment by creating safe and comfortable pedestrian spaces for different groups of users.
Metal structures as the basis of architectural design
Authors: Averkiev Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the role of metal structures in solving the architectural and artistic image of the facility. If earlier metal structures were associated with industrial facilities, facilities of engineering or transportation infrastructure, in modern architecture metal structures create an architectural image in absolutely any type of buildings and facilities. New technologies and changes in the metal itself contribute to the creation of memorable images. Four main techniques for using metal structures have been identified. The first technique is the traditional solution in the form of a load-bearing metal frame in the building structure, when all the metal is hidden. Most high-rise buildings in the world are built according to this scheme. The second technique is open metal structures, which are the main architectural details of facades and the entire architectural and planning solution, such as the Bird's Nest Stadium in Beijing. The third technique is when the metal itself serves more of a decorative function. The metal plasticity and the surface finishes versatility contribute to the creation of memorable images. The fourth technique is metal structures for large-span structures that work for both the interior space of the facility and its exterior perception.
Rural Churches of the Don Armenians: Urban planning and architectural-historical significance
Authors: Baeva Olga , Kazaryan Armen
Published: December 2023

The research of the architecture of churches in villages of the Armenians of the Lower Don (Myasnikovsky district of the Rostov region of the Russian Federation) was conducted in order to identify their urban, historical and aesthetic value and significance in the history of the Armenian Diaspora. The analysis of the stylistic features of the architecture of the churches led to the conclusion that consideration of them in problem-chronological order allows us to trace the process of searching by customers and architects of the national Armenian "style", which was relevant in the era of historicism. Urban planning analysis and characteristics of the current state of buildings indicate that the churches of Surb Astvatsatsin in Bolshye Saly village, Surb Hambartsum in Chaltyr village, Surb Amenaprkich in Crimea village are in satisfactory condition. They are important in the modern urban planning system of settlements and strengthen the identification of main streets and squares. The churches of Surb Gevorg in Sultan Saly village and Surb Karapet in Nesvetay village are in a ruined state and require work to be preserved. The article emphasizes that churches define the "spirit of the place" of the Armenian community and contributes to the maintenance of ethno-cultural identity.
Trends in organisation of interactive exhibition spaces. A modern example of revising the interaction of the exhibition space and the visitor
Authors: Repina Evgeniya , Sopin Nikita
Published: December 2023

The paper explores exposition/exhibition spaces on the basis of interactivity and analyses the principles of interaction between a museum visitor and the exhibition space. The authors describe several cases of interactive exhibition environment. The main task of the architect is to create an environment in which one not only receives information but also can interact with it, change its structure, control the forms and methods of communication with it and thus be involved in the process of creating and changing the environment.
The form development in the Kazan State Circus architecture
Authors: Orlov Evgeny
Published: December 2023

The Kazan State Circus was built in 1965-1967, its shape was very unusual for that time and resembled a disk. Many researchers considered that the creators of the Kazan Circus borrowed its forms directly from the works of foreign architects of the modernist era, such as P.L. Nervi or O. Niemeyer. However, with a detailed comparison, it can be concluded that such a statement only partially corresponds to reality. The main purpose of this work is to search for the initial forms that became the basis for the design of the Kazan Circus building. This article presents the idea of the influence of the cult of unidentified flying objects (UFOs), which arose from the late 40s of the 20th century in the USA, including with the filing of George Adamski, who allegedly saw UFOs in the form of a disk in the sky several times. The article also examines the influence of Eastern philosophical and religious trends of the Buddhism and Hinduism on the architectural forms of the Kazan circus. The shaping of the Kazan Circus was subsequently used by other architects in the construction of various objects, for example, the Krasnodar Circus (Russia) and Astana Circus (Kazakhstan).
On the formation of an external cluster flow in a supersonic jet
Authors: Dubrovin Kirill , Zarvin Alexandr , Kalyada Valery , Yaskin Alexandr , Dering Ekaterina
Published: December 2023

In this work, the influence of the cluster formation process on the gas dynamics of a supersonic flow is studied by the method of electron-beam visualization. Corrections to the model for describing the transverse dimensions of supersonic flows under conditions of developed condensation are presented. Possible causes and conditions for the formation of a secondary cocurrent flow are analyzed. The influence of background gas penetration into the clastered flow has been studied. The conditions for the occurrence of an anomalous afterglow of a clastered flow upon initiation by an electron discharge are studied.
Molecular simulation of thermal conductivity of rarefied gas nanosuspensions
Authors: Krasnolutskii Sergei , Lezhnev Eugene , Rudyak Valery
Published: December 2023

The thermal conductivity coefficient of rarefied gas nanosuspensions is modelled using kinetic theory and stochastic molecular modelling (SMM) method. Gas nanosuspensions based on rarefied argon with spherical zinc nanoparticles with diameters of 5, 10 and 20 nm at temperature of 300 K and atmospheric pressure are considered. The interactions of carrier gas molecules, a carrier gas molecule with a nanoparticle, and nanoparticles between themselves are described using Lennard-Jones, Rudyak–Krasnolutskii (RK) and Rudyak–Krasnolutskii–Ivanov (RKI) potentials respectively. It is shown that the thermal conductivity of the Ar-Zn gas nanosuspensions is lower than one of pure argon and decreases with an increase in the volume concentration of nanoparticles and a decrease in their size. In particular, the thermal conductivity of a gas nanosuspension with particles with a diameter of 5 nm at their volume concentration 0.001 drops by 8.2% compared to pure argon. The results obtained using both methods are consistent well.
Investigation of heat transfer during magnetohydrodynamic flow of liquid metal in the “pipe in channel” heat exchange system
Authors: Luchinkin N. A. , Razuvanov N. G. , Polyanskaya O. N.
Published: December 2023

Experimental studies of heat transfer during the upward flow of liquid metal in a vertical pipe, located axially inside a square heated channel connected to the natural circulation loop, were carried out. The measurements were performed in the absence and presence of a transverse magnetic field. Measurements both in the inner pipe and in the channel gap were carried out using longitudinal microthermocouple probes. Three main cooling modes are considered for the upward flow of mercury in the pipe and natural convective flow in the channel gap: the natural circulation loop is closed, the loop is opened, and cooling water of the cold leg is on or off. For the case of uniform heating of all sides of the outer channel, average temperature profiles, local heat transfer coefficients distributions, statistical characteristics of temperature fluctuation both in the pipe and in the channel gap were obtained in a wide range of Reynolds and Hartmann numbers. It was found that the flow configuration and its structure in the gap change significantly in the presence of a transverse magnetic field, and also depend on the inclusion of the natural circulation loop.
Effect of wall electrical conductivity and transverse magnetic field on turbulent mercury flows in nonuniformly heated pipes
Authors: Makarov Maksim , Artemov Valery , Yankov Georgy
Published: December 2023

The problem of mixed convection of mercury in a horizontal circular tube heated from below under the effect of a transverse magnetic field is examined. A numerical study was performed using the LES method in a conjugate formulation including the wall which may be with or without a fouling layer (deposits) with low electrical conductivity on its inner surface. To simulate the subgrid viscosity, the CSM model was used. In the case with a Reynolds numbers of Re0 = 5000, Hartmann number of Ha0 = 150, Grashof number of Gr0 = 2.75×106, which is based on the inner radius of the pipe, and Prandtl number of Pr = 0.024, a strong influence of the fouling layer electrical conductivity on the fluid flow structure and the amplitude and frequency of fluctuations of temperature, velocity, and electric potential has been found.
Hydrodynamic optimization of pump-turbine runner
Authors: Chirkov Denis , Skorospelov Vladimir , Turuk Polina , Rigin Valeriy , Ustimenko Alexander
Published: December 2023

The paper suggests the approach to automatic CFD-based optimization of the pump-turbine runner. An in-house 3D flow solver CADRUN is used for the solution of steady-state RANS equations and evaluation of objective functions in representative operating points of turbine and pump operating regimes. Both efficiency and cavitation characteristics are taken into account. Two approaches have been considered, resulting in 4- and 3-objective shape optimization problems. These problems were solved using multi-objective genetic algorithm. It was shown that the obtained optimized runners feature increased efficiency both in turbine and pump mode with cavitation performance, similar to that of the initial runner.
On the stability of supersonic boundary layer in interaction with weak shock waves
Authors: Kirilovskiy Stanislav , Poplavskaya Tatiana , Sidorenko Andrey
Published: December 2023

Numerical simulation of the problem of interaction of the supersonic (M∞=2) boundary layer on the plate with weak shock waves was performed. The shock wave was generated using a wedge located above the plate. The problem was solved using the computational technology, combining the ANSYS Fluent gasdynamic package, which calculates the main flow, and the LOTRAN 3.0 software package, which calculates not only the stability of no-break flow, but also the laminar flow failure. The intensity of the incident shock wave was varied by varying the wedge inclination angle. The N-factor envelopes of the Tollmien-Schlichting wave instability for different wedge tilt angles, including those in the local breakaway zones, were obtained. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach using the ANSYS Fluent and LOTRAN 3.0 combination computational technology allows one to calculate the stability of flows with the shockwave, including the presence of local breakaway zones.
Features of the flow around the model of a small-sized aircraft of a classical layout with a distributed electric propulsion
Authors: Melnik Elizaveta , Pavlenko Alexander , Alpatskiy Nikita , Kaprilevskaya Valeria , Zanin Boris
Published: December 2023

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the influence of the work of a distributed electric propulsion on the flow around the straight wing of a small-sized aircraft. The flow structure was studied at natural (flight) Reynolds numbers, taking into account the angle of attack. The results of the experiments are visualization patterns obtained using the soot-oil coating method.
Experimental study of the development of natural perturbations of a swept wing boundary layer under attached flow and control of them with distributed suction
Authors: Sadovskiy Ivan , Katasonov Mikhail
Published: December 2023

This work is of a fundamental nature and is devoted to the study of the influence of distributed suction through a finely perforated hydrodynamically smooth surface on natural and acoustically enhanced boundary layer perturbations under conditions of predominantly non-separated flow. The issue of the minimum necessary suction for suppression of perturbations is considered. The results obtained give grounds to assert that the efficiency of distributed suction in terms of suppressing the growth of disturbances is due not only to the reattachment of a separated flow, but, in general, to a change in the stability parameters of the flow.
Interaction of weak shock waves with highly porous materials
Authors: Mironov Sergey , Kirilovskiy Stanislav , Poplavskaya Tatiana , Tsyryulnikov Ivan
Published: December 2023

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the interaction of weak shock waves with two types of highly porous materials: cellular porous nickel and mesh packets. The experiments were carried out in a shock tube in the range of Mach numbers 1.1-1.8. For the high-porosity cellular materials a numerical simulation of the interaction problem using a toroidal model of the porous medium was performed. It was shown in experiments and calculations that regardless of material type, decreasing cell size of porous material increases intensity of shock waves reflected from front layers of porous insert but suppresses shock wave reflected from rear end of shock tube. A unified mechanism of shockwave interaction with all types of highly porous materials is revealed.
Measurement of the heat transfer coefficient in gas spray cooling with low liquid flow rate
Authors: Sibiryakov Nikolay , Dimov Sergey , Kabov Oleg
Published: December 2023

The rapid development of high power electronic, energy systems has led us to the fact that the performance of these systems is limited by their cooling capacity. Spray cooling is one of the most effective methods for cooling heated surfaces. The efficiency of heat transfer from the heated surface depends on many of the integral parameters of the flows (flow rates of liquid, gas, their thermophysical properties, surface properties), and on the size and distribution of droplets formed in the nozzle, their density and velocity, the properties of the surface and material of heated objects, and the temperature value. In this work, the efficiency of heat transfer from a heated copper surface by a rarefied gas-spray flow created by two similar types of nozzles in the mode of a small amount of liquid supplied is experimentally studied.
Experimental study of effect of the surfactant type on dynamics of monodispersed bubble cluster rising in a viscous liquid
Authors: Arkhipov Vladimir , Usanina Anna , Churkin Ruslan
Published: December 2023

The results of an experimental study of the process of contact ascent of the air monodispersed bubble cluster in the presence of surfactant in the range of Reynolds numbers Re < 0.2 are presented. New experimental data on the general picture of the contact ascent of the monodispersed bubble cluster in the presence of surfactant have been obtained. The effect of the nature of the surfactant on the overall picture of ascent, velocity and drag coefficient of the monodispersed bubble cluster has been analyzed.