bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Combined with Static Analysis for Mining Network Protocol's Hidden Behavior
Authors: Hu Yanjing , Pei Qingqi
Published: May 2017

Unknown protocol's hidden behavior is becoming a new challenge in network security. This paper takes the captured messages and the binary code that implement the protocol both as the studied object. Dynamic Taint Analysis combined with Static Analysis is used for protocol analyzing. Firstly, monitor and analyze the process of protocol program parses the message in the virtual platform HiddenDisc prototype system developed by the authors, record the protocol's public behavior, then based on the authors' proposed Hidden Behavior Perception and Mining algorithm, static analyze the protocol's hidden behavior trigger conditions and hidden behavior instruction sequences. According to the hidden behavior trigger conditions, new protocol messages with the sensitive information are generated, and the hidden behaviors are executed by dynamic triggering. HiddenDisc prototype system can sense, trigger and analyze the protocol's hidden behaviors. According to the statistical analysis results, the authors propose the evaluation method of Protocol Execution Security. The experimental results show that the present method can accurately mining the protocol's hidden behaviors, and can evaluate unknown protocol's execution security.
Bi-Term Topic Model for SMS Classification
Authors: Ma Jialin , Zhang Yongjun , Zhang Lin , Yu Kun , Liu Jinlin
Published: May 2017

With the overflowing of Short Message Service (SMS) spam nowadays, many traditional text classification algorithms are used for SMS spam filtering. Nevertheless, because the content of SMS spam messages are miscellaneous and distinct from general text files, such as more shorter, usually including mass of abbreviations, symbols, variant words and distort or deform sentences, the traditional classifiers aren't fit for the task of SMS spam filtering. In this paper, the authors propose a Short Message Biterm Topic Model (SM-BTM) which can be used to automatically learn latent semantic features from SMS spam corpus for the task of SMS spam filtering. The SM-BTM is based on the probability of topic model theory and Biterm Topic Model (BTM). The experiments in this work show the proposed model SM-BTM can acquire higher quality of topic features than the original BTM, and is more suitable for identifying the miscellaneous SMS spam.
Directional AF Cooperative Communication System Based on Outage Probability
Authors: Tan Ruilian , Li Zhe , Bai Peng , Shi Kai , Ren Baoxiang , Wang Xuhua
Published: May 2017

In order to improve outage property of cooperative communication system, directional antenna technology could be introduced. The paper proposes single relay AF cooperative communication protocol based on directional antenna and deduces the outage probability of system in fully directional mode theoretically so as to deduce the lower bound. With the minimum system outage probability to be the target, the paper analyzes OPA (Optimum Power Allocation) and makes detailed analysis and comparison of the system property of the established model by combining with specific simulation value. The simulation result shows that on the condition of high SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) or greater difference of channel coefficient between two terminals and relay, the lower bound and accurate value are approximated and the outage property of fully directional cooperative communication is superior to that of traditional mode. Under the situation of limited power, OPA can enhance the outage property of system effectively.
A Secure Cloud Storage using ECC-Based Homomorphic Encryption
Authors: Gupta Daya Sagar , Biswas G. P.
Published: May 2017

This paper presents a new homomorphic public-key encryption scheme based on the elliptic curve cryptography (HPKE-ECC). This HPKE-ECC scheme allows public computation on encrypted data stored on a cloud in such a manner that the output of this computation gives a valid encryption of some operations (addition/multiplication) on original data. The cloud system (server) has only access to the encrypted files of an authenticated end-user stored in it and can only do computation on these stored files according to the request of an end-user (client). The implementation of proposed HPKE-ECC protocol uses the properties of elliptic curve operations as well as bilinear pairing property on groups and the implementation is done by Weil and Tate pairing. The security of proposed encryption technique depends on the hardness of ECDLP and BDHP.
e-Solidarity and Exchange
Authors: Plascencia David Ramírez , Plascencia Jorge Ramírez
Published: May 2017

Between October 24 and 25 in 2015, Mexico faced the strongest hurricane ever registered in the Western Hemisphere, which reached a record of 200 mph (325 km/h) of maximum sustained winds. In spite of pessimist predictions about the final outcome of this natural disaster, at the end, it degraded itself into a tropical storm when landing in the Mexican state of Jalisco. The present research stands in a data collecting process from social media during two moments: a) throughout the happening and b) after the incident. It collected not only information and comments generated in federal and local governmental public profiles but in civil organizations and private user profiles as well. This paper describes how social media helped not only to socialize public information in order to prevent danger but it also served as a link between governmental dependencies and civil society to support affected communities after the event.
ICT and Disaster Management
Authors: Vikas
Published: May 2017

ICT-mediated public administration is a governance motive in this digital age. Government of India has embarked upon Digital India and Smart Cities Mission to reform public service delivery and governance in the country. However, the recent Chennai floods and the serious inadequacy of official emergency response system calls in question the ability of government to deliver when it is most needed. Public participation is an avowed objective of all government programmes including the development of smart cities or a digitally empowered India. Chennai Floods and the ensuing people-led disaster response and recovery presents a case where voluntary efforts steered disaster management through use of social media as official mechanisms failed. Based on secondary sources, this paper discusses the social media use in Chennai floods disaster and deduces observations for effective social media integration and public participation in governance through proactive government-led intervention.
Utilizing Facebook by the Arab World Governments
Authors: Mishaal Dareen A. , Abu-Shanab Emad A.
Published: May 2017

This study explored the importance of social media as a communication channel, and the reasons that lead governments to adopt such channel in their communication. Twelve Arab governments out of all twenty-two Arab countries adopted such strategy and were included in the authors' sample. Governments who adopted such a channel successfully communicated with citizens utilizing commonly used post properties (i.e. Likes, Comments and Shares). This study found that Arab governments posted news and information on Facebook with an average of 102.58 posts per year, which indicates that posting over Facebook is very poor. Also, it is found that using multimedia with different types lead to more communication from the stakeholders compared with posts that didn't use it. Such richness in media improved the communication intensity and lead to communication success. The second major contribution of this study is to build the TPCC index for measuring communication success. Such composite index is an integrated measure from four major indices; transparency, participation, collaboration, and comfort. Detailed results, conclusions, limitations, and future work are explained further.
Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Anticancer Activity for Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) Derivatives Based on Density Functional Theory
Authors: Chtita Samir , Ghamali Mounir , Larif Majdouline , Hmamouchi Rachid , Bouachrine Mohammed , Lakhlifi Tahar
Published: May 2017

To establish a QSAR of anticancer activity for Isatin derivatives, a series of Isatin derivatives were analyzed by principal component analysis, multiple linear regression, partial least squares and multiple nonlinear regression analysis. The authors proposed linear and nonlinear models and interpreted the activity of the compounds by multivariate statistical analysis. The proposed models were used to predict the activity of test set compounds, and an agreement between experimental and predicted values was verified. The applicability domain of MLR models was investigated using William's plot to detect outliers and outsides compounds. For the successful application of the developed models to predict new compounds, rigorous validation tests have been used in this direction. Additionally, the rm2 metrics have been used to ensure the close agreement of predicted response data with observed ones. The developed models have been used for designing some new Isatin derivatives with high predicted values of anticancer effect.
Modes of Delivering Psychotherapy
Authors: Alvandi Ebrahim Oshni , Van Doorn George , Symmons Mark
Published: May 2017

The ubiquity of telecommunications technologies and the internet facilitates offering different mental health services to the public, and the ongoing advancement in technologies introduces new venues to a range of psychotherapeutic services. It is critical to all clinicians and professionals in information and communications technology to have a clear understanding of the opportunities and challenges of these technologies. This article outlines the technologies that are currently used as part of psychotherapy. In particular, the paper discusses some of the current state of clinical research, advantageous and disadvantageous that relate to the use of these technologies.
European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing
Authors: Grintzali Georgia , Vontetsianos Angelos , Gennimata Dimitra , Kampolis Christos F , Papakyriakou Dimitrios , Boskou George
Published: May 2017

Demographic ageing societies require a timely and well-planned response containing its negative social and economic effects. The European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) is a major European Commission led policy initiative to address the challenges of demographic change in Europe and turn it into an economic opportunity, capable of offering better prospects for the ageing population in terms of quality of life and overall health and well-being. The Greek EIP on AHA Network has been developed as a interdisciplinary scientific society, aiming at coordinating multiple remarkable but fragmented trials and group of people in Greece and aligning them with the activities of EIP on AHA.
Use-Case Driven Approach for a Pragmatic Implementation of Interoperability in eHealth
Authors: Bourquard Karima , Berler Alexander
Published: May 2017

Innovation in IT solutions introduces new usages in ehealth that allows the patient to be more active in his (her) health care and well-being. Strong expectations on electronic exchanges or shared medical documents from healthcare professionals and patients are pushing decision makers and stakeholders to develop quickly efficient and structured data enabled health IT infrastructures. One of the challenges of this paradigm shift is to provide at the point of care interoperable solutions in full compliance with regulations, ethics, organizational and technical states of the art. This paper describes this approach developed as a four steps process and defines the basic concepts for designing an interoperability infrastructure. For each of the steps, examples will be provided and discussed accordingly with the different interoperability layers (legal, policy, process, information and technical) developed in the Refined eHealth European Interoperability Framework (ReEIF) (eHealth Network, 2015).
Intelligent Wildlife Tracking Using Ubiquitous Technological Suite
Authors: Jawalkar Mayur Sunil , Desale Nayan , Suratwala Fanil , Lamkhade Amol , Mahalle Parikshit N. , Railkar Poonam N.
Published: May 2017

This paper proposes an intelligent system to track location of an individual animal or animals in wildlife sanctuary. Existing systems makes use of various technologies such as RFID, GPS, GSM, etc. RFID based systems either lack in range if passive tags are used or lack in cost effectiveness if active tags are used. Similarly, GSM based system becomes costlier and requires constant network connectivity. Hence this paper proposes a Wi-Fi based tracking system. Proposed system makes use of ubiquitous technology which encourages the use of Wi-Fi Transceivers. The Stationary Wi-Fi Transceiver consists of ESP8266 NodeMCU development board which detects the Mobile Transceiver. The Mobile Transceiver consists of ESP8266 NodeMCU attached to animals. The Stationary Wi-Fi transceiver detects Mobile Transceivers under its vicinity and sends the data to other Stationary transceiver through hop based transmission and ultimately the data is stored in the database. The mobile application accesses the location information from the database for particular animal and plots it onto the Map. This paper comprises of system architecture, proposed algorithm and mathematical model.
Conceptual Modeling Meets Domain Ontology Development
Authors: Storey Veda C.
Published: May 2017

Domain ontologies and conceptual models similarly capture and represent concepts from the real world for inclusion in an information system. This paper examines challenges of conceptual modeling and domain ontology development when mapping to high-level ontologies. The intent is to reconcile apparent differences and position some of the inherent challenges in these closely-coupled areas of research, while providing insights into recognizing and resolving modeling difficulties.
Improving the Domain Independence of Data Provenance Ontologies
Authors: Liu Jun , Ram Sudha
Published: May 2017

Provenance is becoming increasingly important as more and more people are using data that they themselves did not generate. In the last decade, significant efforts have been directed toward developing generic, shared data provenance ontologies that support the interoperability of provenance across systems. An issue that is impeding the use of such provenance ontologies is that a generic provenance ontology, no matter how complete it is, is insufficient for capturing the diverse, complex provenance requirements in different domains. In this paper, the authors propose a novel approach to adapting and extending the W7 model, a well-known generic ontology of data provenance. Relying on various knowledge expansion mechanisms provided by the Conceptual Graph formalism, the authors' approach enables us to develop domain ontologies of provenance in a disciplined yet flexible way.
Diminution of Impediments in Implementation of Supply Chain Management Information System for Enhancing its Effectiveness in Indian Automobile Industry
Authors: Seth Manisha , Goyal D.P. , Kiran Ravi
Published: May 2017

Supply Chain Management Information System (SCMIS) has gained a lot of importance because of its ability to reduce costs and increase responsiveness in the supply chain. The implementation of SCMIS is a complicated process with significant risk. The studies have revealed that the success in implementing these systems is not very encouraging. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the impediments in SCMIS implementation and their severity. Studies on the failure factors of the ERP system have already been done by various researchers. The research on SCMIS, an inter-organizational system, is in its early stages and is still to receive that much attention as its predecessor whereas barriers for its implementation are more severe. Thus, there exists a gap in research in this important area. In this paper an attempt has been made to establish impediments, their severity and improvisation for the successful implementation of SCMIS in the Indian automobile industry.
Effective Communication among Globally Distributed Software Development Teams
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Wasim , Ahsan Ali
Published: May 2017

Global software development, an emerging software development methodology within a technology-enabled environment has recently received increased attention from scholars and practitioners. Despite the fact that the lack of effective communication is a major challenge of globally distributed teams, communication research related to the scale development is still very limited in existing literature. Considering the communication challenges and increasing need to measure the effectiveness of communication, this research is focused to develop a scale for “Effective Communication” for globally distributed software development teams. Systematic literature review is performed to identify the best practices of effective communication for the development of “Effective Communication” scale. A questionnaire survey consisting of 29 items is administered in globally distributed software development teams. Confirmatory factor analysis and statistical results depicted that the four-factor model (e.g. stakeholders' involvement, acculturation, usage of appropriate tools and technology, and information availability) is more parsimonious and an optimal model fit.
Users' Perspectives on Using Wikis for Managing Knowledge
Authors: Alqahtani Fayez Hussain
Published: May 2017

Knowledge management (KM) has now become a key focus for many modern organisations in today's knowledge-based economy era. KM helps organisations leverage knowledge, an important asset that is necessary to maintain a competitive advantage. Wiki is an emerging information technology (IT) that has become promising collaborative system for knowledge management. Wikis are, essentially, web-based hypertext applications which entail and enable a collaborative authoring, information flow, and communication in a bidirectional way. The literature shows that Wikis implementation is challenging, and most of the critical challenges are faced by individual users. Therefore, this research investigates the benefits, as well as the challenges of using Wikis for KM from a user's perspective. A qualitative approach was used in a multi-method investigation, combining observations and one-to-one interviews. The study found that despite its considerable benefits introducing a Wiki for KM comes with challenges. These challenges are classified into technical, individual, and work context issues.
An Analysis of Price Behavior of Major Poultry Products in Sri Lanka
Authors: Wickramarachchi A. R. , Herath H. M. L. K. , Jayasinghe-Mudalige U. K. , Edirisinghe J. C. , Udugama J. M. M. , Lokuge L. D. M. N. , Wijesuriya W.
Published: May 2017

Taking its overall importance to the economy, as a whole, including food and nutrition security and better performance of the food supply chain from producer to the consumer, the successive governments tend to take a variety of initiatives to upkeep the sustainability of agri-food supply system, but the scarcity of valid and reliable information on the behavior of prices makes it challenging for policymakers to have timely economic decisions. This study attempts to examine the behavior of prices of major poultry products, including chicken (broiler and curry) and eggs (brown and white) on the justification that which have become regular food items in Sri Lankan menus overtime and the total chicken and egg production in Sri Lanka has increased markedly by about 45.3 and 64.5 percent, respectively, during the period of 2003 to 2012. The time-series data were taken up with advanced econometrics models on price analysis, including the ARIMA and SARIMA models which provide efficient forecasts of weekly real prices of different poultry products. It founds that the increasing trend apparent in nominal prices was due to rising inflation of the economy, and the real prices of these products stagnated overtime.
Rare occurrence of nine Microcystis species (Chroococcales, Cyanobacteria) in a single lake (Lake Dojran, fYR Macedonia)
Authors: Krstić Svetislav S. , Alesovski Boris , Komárek Jiří
Published: May 2017

Investigations carried out on Lake Dojran, fYR Macedonia, during the spring-autumn seasons in 2015 have been focused on detecting the degree of eutrophication in the lake, successive algal flora changes in the plankton communities and eventual presence of cyanotoxins (free microcystins) in the water. The obtained results revealed a co-existence of nine Microcystis species in the lake (M. aeruginosa, M. botrys, M. flos-aquae, M. ichthyoblabe, M. novacekii, M. protocystis, M. smithii, M. viridis and M. wesenbergii), with domination of the pan and neo-tropical species M. protocystis, again confirmed in a European lake. Results also corroborate the necessity to change the accepted morphospecies concept into separation of Microcystis taxa as distinct species which are clearly delimited according to their constant morphological features. Toxicity analyses demand for a specific and targeted investigation, since the toxin production and presence depends on many factors, and the toxin dynamics including the highest peaks may be easily overlooked if other issues are in the focus of the performed monitoring. Detected values for free microcystins in the water reached 2.84 µg L-1 microcystin-LR equivalents.
Chlorination and ozonation reduce microcystin content and tumour promoting activity of complex cyanobacterial extract
Authors: Sovadinova Iva , Babica Pavel , Adamovský Ondřej , Alpatová Alla , Tarabara Volodymyr , Upham Brad Luther , Bláha Luděk
Published: May 2017

Despite intensive research and management efforts in the past decades, cyanobacterial blooms and their toxins, such as microcystins (MC), continue to represent a major ecological and health problem in fresh waters throughout the world. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of two commonly used drinking water treatment technologies, chlorination and ozonation, in removing MCs and in reducing tumour promotion-related effects of cyanobacteria, such as inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) and activation of mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in a pluripotent rat liver epithelial cell line (WB-F344). This combined chemical and bioassay approach demonstrated that ozone effectively removed all MCs from an extract of globally important bloom-forming cyanobacterium, Microcystis sp. Ozone also significantly reduced the overall tumour promotional potency of the cyanobacterial extract, as indicated by a substantial reduction in the ability of the extract to inhibit GJIC and activate extracellular receptor kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Although comparable reduction of total organic carbon was achieved by ozone and chlorine treatment, chlorination was much less effective in removing MCs and reducing the effects on GJIC. Chlorination had a biphasic effect with reduction of extract-induced activation of ERK1/2 at lower doses of chlorine; at high doses of chlorine, however, the by-products of chlorination actually induced the activation of ERK1/2. The extracts induced p38 activation and chlorination was not effective in reversing this effect, while ozone did reverse this effect, but not as much as the activation of ERK1/2. Thus, ozone was effective in reducing the toxicity of cyanobacterial extracts while chlorination was not only lacking efficacy but at high doses further produced by-products that were equally as toxic as the untreated samples. Our study points to advances of ozonation approach and brings evidences supporting the need of effect-based monitoring implementation.
History and status of till geochemical and indicator mineral methods in mineral exploration
Authors: Thorleifson L H
Published: May 2017

Mineral exploration methods ranging from boulder tracing to elemental and indicator mineral methods utilize clastic debris transported from mineralized bedrock sources. An understanding of glacial process and history, combined with sound survey design and
interpretation, are essential to successful application of these methods in glacial terrain. In North America and Fennoscandia, mineral exploration and glacial geology advanced concurrently in the latter 20th century, coincident with a shift in exploration to verburdencovered regions. During this
time, an understanding of sediment transport history was followed by recognition of the textural and mineralogical tendencies of glacial sediments. Development of logistics such as reverse circulation and rotasonic drilling followed, and in the 1990s, the discovery of diamonds in Canada resulted in
much progress in application and awareness of drift prospecting methods. The discipline now centres on intricate indicator mineral and elemental methods based on concepts from glacial geology, mineral deposit geology, and mineral chemistry, in the search for a broad range of
commodities.
Volcanogenic massive sulphide exploration in glaciated terrain using till geochemistry and indicator minerals
Authors: McClenaghan M B
Published: May 2017

Volcanogenic massive sulphide (VMS) deposits are a significant exploration target in Canada because they account for 27% of Canadian Cu, 49% of Zn, 20% of Pb, 40% of Ag, and 3% of Au production (http://www.nrcan.gc.ca/minerals-metals/home).
Over 97% of Canada's land mass was covered by glaciers during the Quaternary and as a result drift prospecting using till geochemistry and indicator minerals is an important exploration method for VMS deposits in Canada. The application of till geochemical methods to VMS exploration in Canada
has a 50+ year history (e.g., Drieimanis 1958, 1960; Fortescue and& Hornbrook 1969; Shilts 1975; Hoffman and Woods 1991; Kaszycki et al. 1996; Parkhill and& Doiron 2003). In the past 10 years, indicator mineral recovered from glacial sediments have also been used to explore for VMS
in the glaciated terrain of Canada. This abstract provides an overview of till geochemical and indicator mineral methods that can be used for VMS exploration. Topics addressed include appropriate size fractions of till to analyze, processing and analytical techniques, VMS pathfinder elements and
indicator minerals, as well as case histories from different regions across Canada. Much of the information about VMS till geochemical methods summarized here is from a detailed review of the application of till geochemical methods to VMS exploration by McClenaghan and Peter (in
press).
Gesprek met God as die lewende Heer in gebed
Authors: Pieterse Hennie J.C.
Published: May 2017

No abstract availbale.
Adaptive multilevel trust-region methods for time-dependent PDE-constrained optimization
Authors: Ulbrich Stefan , Ziems Jan Carsten
Published: May 2017

We present a class of adaptive multilevel trust-region methods for the efficient solution of optimization problems governed by time-dependent nonlinear partial differential equations with control constraints. The algorithm is based on the ideas of the adaptive multilevel inexact SQP-method from [26], [27]. It is in particular well suited for problems with time-dependent PDE constraints. Instead of the quasi-normal step in a classical SQP method which results in solving the linearized PDE sufficiently well, in this algorithm a (nonlinear) solver is applied to the current discretization of the PDE. Moreover, different discretizations and solvers for the PDE and the adjoint PDE may be applied. The resulting inexactness of the reduced gradient in the current discretization is controlled within the algorithm. Thus, highly efficient PDE solvers can be coupled with the proposed optimization framework. The algorithm starts with a coarse discretization of the underlying optimization problem and provides during the optimization process implementable criteria for an adaptive refinement strategy of the current discretization based on error estimators. We prove global convergence to a stationary point of the infinite-dimensional problem. Moreover, we illustrate how the adaptive refinement strategy of the algorithm can be implemented by using a posteriori error estimators for the state and the adjoint equation. Numerical results for a semilinear parabolic PDE-constrained problem with pointwise control constraints are presented.
Pharmacist Clinical Process Improvement: Applying Lean Principles in a Tertiary Care Setting
Authors: Shiu Jennifer , Mysak Tania
Published: May 2017

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Antimicrobial Stewardship Initiative in Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections at a Rehabilitation and Complex Continuing Care Hospital
Authors: Cheung Anne , Karmali Gulzar , Noble Sandina , Song Howard
Published: May 2017

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Multiple Retroperitoneal Paragangliomas: An Uncommon Entity
Authors: Singh Ashu , Shikha Deep , Agarwal Shipra , Jain Shyam Lata , Hadke NS
Published: May 2017

Introduction

Paragangliomas are neuroendocrine tumors and occur commonly in head and neck region and less frequently in the retroperitoneum. Multifocal paragangliomas are even rarer and highly suggestive of familial disease. To the best of our search, there are only two case reports of multiple retroperitoneal paragangliomas with no known familial association. This is the third report of this kind in the English literature.

Case report

A young adult with no significant past or family history presented with abdominal pain and anorexia. Abdominal examination revealed a soft nontender mass in the right hypochondrium. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed multiple retroperitoneal mass lesions. A clinicoradiological diagnosis of multicentric Castleman's disease/Lymphoma was made. Guided fine needle aspiration of the mass was suggestive of a neuroendocrine neoplasm. Tru-cut biopsy showed features of paraganglioma. Following this, the masses were excised and the diagnosis of paraganglioma was confirmed.

Conclusion

Multicentric retroperitoneal paragangliomas without any familial association are very rare with only two case reports in the English literature. Lack of symptoms makes the diagnosis difficult and also makes our case unique. Biopsy from paragangliomas and surgical intervention are known to cause life-threatening complications, such as profuse bleeding and abrupt changes in blood pressure. Hence, paragangliomas should be considered as a possibility, even if a remote one, in case of multicentric retroperitoneal tumors. This case also highlights the importance of cytology in the early diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses.

How to cite this article

Singh A, Shikha D, Agarwal S, Khurana N, Jain SL, Hadke NS. Multiple Retroperitoneal Paragangliomas: An Uncommon Entity. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(1):20-23.
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to X-linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets
Authors: Cebrian Jose Maria Fernandez , Ruiz Enrique Colás , Vega Laura , Linacero Santiago , Celi Edgardo , Quintáns Antonio
Published: May 2017

Tertiary hyperparathyroidism is a rare complication of X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. The surgical treatment is already unclear.

How to cite this article

Ruiz EC, Cebrián JMF, Vega L, Linacero S, Celi E, Quintáns A. Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to X-linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(1):24-26.
Beahrs’ Triangle: The Surgical Anatomy
Authors: Jain Vikas
Published: May 2017

Thyroidectomy is a commonly performing surgery worldwide with known complications of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury (RLN) and vocal cord paralysis. To avoid RLN palsy, various methods of RLN identification have been defined, one of which is called as defining Beahrs’ triangle.

How to cite this article

Jain V. Beahrs’ Triangle: The Surgical Anatomy. World J Endoc Surg 2017;9(1):35.
Ultrasound Imaging of Early Extraembryonic Structures
Authors: Nagy Sándor , Papp Zoltán
Published: May 2017

Transvaginal sonography is the most useful diagnostic method to visualize the early pregnancy, to determine whether it is intrauterine or extrauterine (ectopic), viable or not. Detailed examination of extraembryonic structures allows us to differentiate the types of early pregnancy failures and highlights the backgrounds of vaginal bleeding, as the most frequent symptom of the first trimester of gestation. The reliable ultrasonographic sign of an intrauterine pregnancy is visualization of double decidual ring, which represents the trophoblast's layer. The abnormality in the sonographic appearance of a gestational sac, a yolk sac, and a chorionic plate can predict subsequent embryonic damage and death.

How to cite this article

Nagy S, Papp Z. Ultrasound Imaging of Early Extraembryonic Structures. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(1):11-19.
Ultrasound Markers of Aneuploidy in the First Trimester
Authors: Belics Zoran , Papp Zoltán
Published: May 2017

Prenatal screening of fetal aneuploidy is a continuously and rapidly evolving area of research; there have been tremendous advancements over the past decades in prenatal screening for aneuploidy, especially during the first trimester. As there is extensive evidence that effective screening for major chromosomal abnormalities can be provided in the first trimester of pregnancy, recently we have changed our practice; the prenatal screening of fetal chromosomal aberrations has been moved and pointed to the first trimester. Besides the nuchal translucency, which is one of the most known ultrasonographic markers, there are other markers, which can be examined during the first trimester of pregnancy. To maximize the quality of sonography, increase the screening sensitivity, and decrease the range of false-positive rate, all of the first-trimester ultrasound markers have well-established criteria for the measurement. With the use of high standards of scanning, the early recognition of sonographic markers of chromosomal aberrations can be helpful in forward prenatal diagnosis. On the contrary, the early diagnosis makes the termination of the pregnancy possible with fewer complications, and there is time for planning of further follow-up and interventions.

How to cite this article

Belics Z, Papp Z. Ultrasound Markers of Aneuploidy in the First Trimester. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(1):20-28.
Impacts of solar-absorbing aerosol layers on the transition of stratocumulus to trade cumulus clouds
Authors: Zhou Xiaoli , Ackerman Andrew S. , Fridlind Ann M. , Wood Robert , Kollias Pavlos
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The effects of an initially overlying layer of solar-absorbing aerosol on the transition of stratocumulus to trade cumulus clouds are examined using large-eddy simulations. The transition of lightly drizzling cloud is generally hastened, resulting mainly from increased cloud droplet number concentration (Nc) induced by entrained aerosol. The increased Nc slows sedimentation of cloud droplets and shortens their relaxation time for diffusional growth, both of which accelerate entrainment of overlying air and thereby stratocumulus breakup. However, the decrease in albedo from cloud breakup is more than offset by redistributing cloud water over a greater number of droplets, such that the diurnal-average shortwave forcing at the top of atmosphere is negative. The negative radiative forcing is enhanced by sizable longwave contributions, which result from the greater cloud breakup and a reduced boundary layer height associated with aerosol heating. A perturbation of moisture instead of aerosol aloft leads to greater liquid water path and a more gradual transition. Adding absorbing aerosol to that atmosphere results in substantial reductions in LWP and cloud cover that lead to positive shortwave and negative longwave forcings on average canceling each other. Only for heavily drizzling clouds is the breakup delayed, as inhibition of precipitation overcomes cloud water loss from enhanced entrainment. Considering these simulations as an imperfect proxy for biomass burning plumes influencing Namibian stratocumulus, we expect regional indirect plus semi-direct forcings to be substantially negative to negligible at the top of atmosphere, with its magnitude sensitive to background and perturbation properties.
Determinations of ionosphere and plasmasphere electron content for an African chain of GPS stations
Authors: Mazzella Jr. Andrew J. , Habarulema John Bosco , Yizengaw Endawoke
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The confluence of recent instrumentation deployments in Africa with developments for the determination of plasmasphere electron content using Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers has provided new opportunities for investigations in that region. This investigation, using a selected chain of GPS stations, extends the method (SCORPION) previously applied to a chain of GPS stations in North America in order to separate the ionosphere and plasmasphere contributions to the total electron content (TEC) during a day (24 July) in 2011. The results span latitudes from the southern tip of Africa, across the Equator, to the southern Arabian Peninsula, providing a continuous latitudinal profile for both the ionosphere and plasmasphere during this day.The peak diurnal vertical ionosphere electron content (IEC) increases from about 14 TEC units (1 TEC unit  =  1016 electrons m−2) at the southernmost station to about 32 TEC units near the geographic equator, then decreases to about 28 TEC units at the Arabian Peninsula. The peak diurnal slant plasmasphere electron content (PEC) varies between about 4 and 7 TEC units among the stations, with a local latitudinal profile that is significantly influenced by the viewing geometry at the station location, relative to the magnetic field configuration. In contrast, the peak vertical PEC varies between about 1 and 6 TEC units among the stations, with a more uniform latitudinal variation.Comparisons to other GPS data analyses are also presented for TEC, indicating the influence of the PEC on the determination of latitudinal TEC variations and also on the absolute TEC levels, by inducing an overestimate of the receiver bias. The derived TEC latitudinal profiles, in comparison to global map profiles, tend to differ from the map results only about as much as the map results differ among themselves. A combination of ionosonde IEC and alternative GPS TEC measurements, which in principle permits a PEC determination through their difference, was compared to the composite and separate ionosphere and plasmasphere contributions derived solely by the SCORPION method for one station. Although there is considerably more scatter in the PEC values derived from the difference of the GPS TEC and ionosonde IEC measurements compared to the PEC values derived by the SCORPION method, the average overhead values for this day are comparable for the two methods, near 2 TEC units, at the South African site examined.This initial investigation provides a basis for day-to-day TEC monitoring for Africa, with separate ionosphere and plasmasphere electron content determinations.
Vulnerability of soil organic matter of anthropogenically disturbed organic soils
Authors: Säurich Annelie , Tiemeyer Bärbel , Don Axel , Bechtold Michel , Amelung Wulf , Freibauer Annette
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Drained peatlands are hotspots of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from agriculture. As a consequence of both drainage-induced mineralisation and anthropogenic mixing with mineral soils, large areas of former peatlands under agricultural use now contain soil organic carbon (SOC) at the boundary between mineral and organic soils and/or underwent a secondary transformation of the peat (e.g. formation of aggregates). However, low carbon organic soils have rarely been studied since previous research has mainly focused on either mineral soils or true peat soils. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the soil organic matter (SOM) vulnerability of the whole range of organic soils including very carbon rich mineral soils (73 g kg−1
Coastal flooding risk associated to tropical cyclones in a changing
climate. Application to Port of Spain (Trinidad and Tobago)
Authors: Izaguirre Cristina , Losada Iñigo J. , Espejo Antonio , Diez-Sierra Javier , Díaz-Simal Pedro
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The aim of this paper is to provide a methodology to assess flooding risk associated to the combination of extreme flooding levels driven by Tropical Cyclone (TCs) and relative sea level rise (RSLR). The approach is based on the risk conceptual framework where the hazard, exposure, and vulnerability are defined and combined to address flooding socioeconomic consequences in Port of Spain for present and future climate (RCP8.5 in 2050). Hazard and flooding impact are assessed using a combination of statistical methods and dynamical simulations, together with a high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Combining flooding maps, exposure databases and vulnerability damage functions we have evaluated socioeconomic consequences in terms of affected population and economic damage. Besides, we have quantified the uncertainty in the results coming from the sea level rise projections and vulnerability information. The application of the methodology indicates increasing flooding threat for the future climate that could exacerbate economic losses in case of inaction. The expected annual damage (EAD) in present climate is 12.24 MUSD while in 2050 it will reach 15.22 [14.88–15.67] MUSD.
Measured and Modeled Snow Cover Properties across the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Bellaire Sascha , Proksch Martin , Schneebeli Martin , Niwano Masashi , Steffen Konrad
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) is known to be contributing to sea level rise in a warming climate. The snow cover on the ice sheet is the direct link between a potentially warmer atmosphere and the ice itself. However, little is known about the microstructure and especially about the spatial and temporal variability of the snow cover, except from indirect evidence from remote sensing. The detailed snowpack stratigraphy is relevant for processes such as the albedo feedback, water infiltration and firn densification. During a field campaign in 2015, spatially distributed snow observations of the GrIS were gathered at stations belonging to the Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net). High-resolution snow profiles of density, specific surface area and hardness were measured. Hardness was measured with the SnowMicroPen, which was also used to assess the spatial variability of the snow density with depth. The snow cover model SNOWPACK was forced with reanalysis data from the model NHM-SMAP. The measured mean density of the upper snow cover was in good agreement with the simulations using constant densities for snow accumulation, i.e. new snow, depending on the geographical location on the GrIS. However, the observed stratigraphy in terms of density and SSA could not be reproduced. We found that for a one-dimensional snowpack model it is difficult to parameterize for snowpacks undergoing multiple erosion and redeposition events, as is typical for the GrIS and other perennial polar snowpacks. This limitation may be a drawback to understanding past and future changes of the snow, and the associated processes.
Students' Use of Languaging in Rewriting Events from The Things They Carried
Authors: Beach Richard
Published: May 2017

This article describes high school students’ responses to events in the novel, The Things They Carried, leading to their collaborative rewriting to create their own narrative versions of these events. It draws on “enactivist” theory of languaging, an approach to language that focuses on its use as social actions to enact and build relationships with others (Cowley, 2011; Linell, 2009). The focus is on “in-between” meanings constituted by “shared intentionality” (Di Paolo & De Jaegher, 2012) in readers’ transactions with authors’ portrayals of events in texts as well as in responding to uses of languaging in characters’ interactions. Analysis of four students’ rewriting events from the novel indicated that they drew on their responses to the novel to portray tensions in their characters’ interactions as well as their own experiences of coping with these tensions. Students also benefitted from collaboratively creating their narratives through sharing their different perspectives on events in the texts, suggesting the value of using collaborative rewriting activities to enhance students’ literary responses and awareness of how languaging functions to enact relationships.
Rhetorical Deliberation, Memory, and Sensation in the Thought of Thomas Aquinas
Authors: Loveridge Jordan
Published: May 2017

This article explores Thomas Aquinas's interrelated views of rhetoric and deliberation, particularly through his commentaries on Aristotle and his Summa theologiae. It argues that while articulating a largely Boethian understanding of rhetoric as consideration of uncertain matters, Aquinas also advances a theory of deliberation indebted to Aristotelian theories of sensation and phantasia. Building from previous work on phantasia in Aristotle's works, I argue that, in Aquinas's view, rhetorical deliberation is dependent on sensory information experienced through phantasia. Gathered through time and experience, sensory information serves as the foundational material for other forms of reasoning, such as deliberation and practical wisdom. In articulating Aquinas's views of rhetoric and deliberation, I suggest that the relationship between rhetoric and logic within Aquinas's system of thought be reconsidered, with rhetoric playing a prominent role in the consideration of variable and human phenomena.
The Effect of Geogebra on Students’ Conceptual and Procedural Knowledge: The Case of Applications of Derivative
Authors: Ocal Mehmet Fatih
Published: May 2017

Integrating the properties of computer algebra systems and dynamic geometry environments, Geogebra became an effective and powerful tool for teaching and learning mathematics. One of the reasons that teachers use Geogebra in mathematics classrooms is to make students learn mathematics meaningfully and conceptually. From this perspective, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether instruction with Geogebra has effect on students’ achievements regarding their conceptual and procedural knowledge on the applications of derivative subject. This study adopted the quantitative approach with pre-test post-test control group true experimental design. The participants were composed of two calculus classrooms involving 31 and 24 students, respectively. The experimental group with 31 students received instruction with Geogebra while the control group received traditional instruction in learning the applications of derivative. Independent samples t-test was used in the analysis of the data gathered from students’ responses to Applications of Derivative Test which was subjected to them before and after teaching processes. The findings indicated that instruction with Geogebra had positive effect on students’ scores regarding conceptual knowledge and their overall scores. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between experimental and control group students’ scores regarding procedural knowledge. It could be concluded that students in both groups were focused on procedural knowledge to be successful in learning calculus subjects including applications of derivative in both groups. On the other hand, instruction with Geogebra supported students’ learning these subjects meaningfully and conceptually.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 10, No. 9
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: May 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Modern Applied Science, Vol. 10, No. 9